bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La influencia de la programación deportiva en el desarrollo histórico de TVE durante el monopolio de la televisión pública (1956-1988)
Authors: Bonaut Iriarte Joseba
Published: October 2022

La relación de necesidad mutua entre la televisión española y el deporte no es un fenómeno nuevo. La mayor parte de los rasgos de la unión entre la televisión y el deporte se gestaron desde los orígenes del propio medio. Este artículo pretende analizar en profundidad las características de la programación deportiva de TVE en el período del monopolio de la televisión pública (1956-1988) para, de este modo, determinar la influencia que tuvieron estos contenidos en el desarrollo histórico de la televisión. Además, el análisis detallado de este caso permite obtener algunas respuestas ante la situación que vive en la actualidad el medio en España y, demostrar también, que el estrecho vínculo entre la televisión y el deporte no es consecuencia del establecimiento de un sistema televisivo comercial.
La visión de los productores sobre la televisión interactiva: el final de la utopía
Authors: León Bienvenido , García Avilés José Alberto
Published: October 2022

La televisión interactiva (TVI) ha experimentado un amplio desarrollo aunque sin llegar a alcanzar la implantación masiva. Este artículo analiza los criterios que los productores de TVI están adoptando para conseguir que los nuevos programas satisfagan las expectativas de la audiencia y aprovechen al máximo las posibilidades del medio. En primer lugar, se identifican los temas esenciales que afectan a la producción de TVI y se formulan las hipótesis de la investigación, relacionadas con la selección de los contenidos, los estudios de mercado, el uso de la interactividad y los modelos de negocio. Se realizó una encuesta entre productores de empresas de TVI europeas y norteamericanas, con objeto de recabar sus opiniones al respecto. La mayoría de los productores considera que el modelo de TVI actual necesita un sólido modelo de negocio, incorporar los avances tecnológicos y potenciar las aplicaciones interactivas más demandadas por los usuarios. Los resultados indican que la industria de la TVI está dispuesta a abandonar la utopía del pasado y evolucionar hacia posiciones más pragmáticas y realistas.
La contribución del humor, de la comedia de situación, a la identidad cultural catalana
Authors: Martínez-García Luisa
Published: October 2022

En este artículo exponemos los resultados de un estudio sobre la recepción del humor de una comedia de situación de producción catalana. Con este trabajo, intentamos entender cuáles son las representaciones sociales y culturales que la audiencia reconoce en el humor como propias y cercanas a su contexto y cuáles rechaza. Dicho conocimiento nos permite identificar las filias y fobias que los sujetos expresan sobre el humor de una comedia. La metodología que nos permite realizar este análisis es la cualitativa. Este artículo revalida la idea de que el humor está determinado por categorías sociales y culturales. En este sentido, destacamos el papel fundamental del humor como un dispositivo que genera, dinamiza, refuerza, patrones de identificación y/o rechazo. El humor sirve para crear lazos tanto de cercanía como de lejanía y se convierte en una especie de gestor cultural que genera propuestas de sentido. Nuestro objetivo final es animar al diseño de investigaciones, dentro del ámbito comunicacional español, que tengan como objeto de estudio el consumo, uso y apropiación del humor en los contenidos mediáticos.
Grupos privados propietarios de medios de comunicación en España: principales datos estructurales y financieros
Authors: Almirón Núria
Published: October 2022

Este artículo ofrece una panorámica actualizada de los principales actores empresariales privados del sistema de medios español. El texto revisa los principales datos de los grupos propietarios de medios de comunicación que operaban en España a principios de 2009, a partir del análisis de los documentos corporativos públicos que están disponibles: sus resultados financieros, la estructura de su propiedad, su procedencia geográfica, sus principales activos, su desarrollo multimedia, su grado de diversificación fuera del sector mediático y sus cuotas de mercado. El objetivo es medir el grado de concentración que mantiene el sector así como la fortaleza financiera con que los grupos operativos en España afrontan la crisis financiera iniciada en 2007. Los datos revelan un sector muy concentrado y con una elevada dependencia del capital financiero.
Conversación 2.0. y democracia. Análisis de los comentarios de los lectores en la prensa digital catalana
Authors: Ruiz Carlos , Massip Pere , Micó-Sanz Josep Lluis , Díaz-Noci Javier , Domingo David
Published: October 2022

Las audiencias activas adquieren protagonismo y revitalizan potencialmente la conversación con su participación en los canales de los ciberdiarios. Sin embargo, es necesario conocer cómo es esa participación. Este artículo indaga sobre la Conversación 2.0. a través del mecanismo más popular: los comentarios de los lectores a las noticias. Estudiar su marco ético y jurídico y analizar si asistimos a un diálogo plural y respetuoso que contribuye a la construcción democrática de la sociedad son algunos de los objetivos de una investigación realizada para el Consell de la Informació de Catalunya, que analiza los comentarios de siete diarios digitales catalanes.
Teoría integrada de la metáfora visual
Authors: Ortiz María J.
Published: October 2022

Para la Lingüística Cognitiva la metáfora es un recurso imprescindible del pensamiento que puede tener tanto manifestaciones verbales como no verbales. Sin embargo, gran parte del corpus en el que se basan es lingüístico. Por otro lado, es inexistente una teoría completa y unificada sobre la metáfora visual. En este artículo, se defiende que la metáfora visual tiene un origen conceptual y que debe integrarse en las teorías cognitivas sobre la metáfora
Cómo mejorar la comprensión de las noticias televisivas
Authors: Liepins Kathrine , Porath William , Puente Soledad
Published: October 2022

La comprensión de las noticias es un tema clave en el periodismo. Este trabajo intenta hacer un aporte en ese sentido, prueba la viabilidad del constructo “foco editorial” para ser un principio que guíe la edición de las notas para los noticiarios de TV, de manera de evitar la polisemia del mensaje informativo y favorecer el entendimiento del receptor. Dicho concepto se entiende como la idea fuerza que le confiere una intención específica e integradora al proceso de narración visual. El objetivo es probar que notas construidas según los elementos que componen el “foco editorial”, se asocian a una mejor comprensión del televidente.
El eco de la fotografía de Barthes. La nueva cámara lúcida: Notas sobre el cine digital
Authors: Vilaró I Moncasí Arnau
Published: October 2022

Hace treinta años Roland Barthes buscaba un tercer nivel de lectura de imágenes que se alejaba de la rígida lectura informativa y simbólica para dejar que fuese el significante quien hablara. Sus análisis llegaron a su mayor notoriedad en el estudio de la fotografía La chambre claire. El artículo siguiente parte de que la hipótesis que Barthes dejó en sus notas sobre el medio fotográfico resuena hoy por un lado en la miniaturización de los recursos y la instantaneidad del soporte de la cámara de vídeo digital y por otro lado, en el principio de modularidad y accesibilidad de los nuevos medios. En una segunda parte, el texto ahonda en la idea de la memoria barthesiana y en el paralelismo que toma junto con las reflexiones que Jean-Luc Godard concedió a través de la imagen electrónica. La aparente arbitrariedad en la selección de las imágenes que integran el estudio sigue el análisis de Barthes, por ello, responde a un criterio de confianza en la espontaneidad y en la memoria del autor.
El fútbol y el negocio del entretenimiento global. Los clubes como multinacionales del ocio
Authors: Ginesta Portet Xavier
Published: October 2022

El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de expansión internacional de los clubes más ricos del fútbol español durante la primera década del siglo XXI, Real Madrid y FC Barcelona. Después de que los clubes de la Premier League inglesa fueran los primeros en crear una estrategia de branding internacional, otras ligas y organizaciones deportivas han adoptado sus mismos sistemas de gestión empresarial. En España, el Real Madrid y el FC Barcelona son el ejemplo más evidente, por su número de fans en todo el mundo, por sus acuerdos internacionales en la comercialización de sus productos con otras organizaciones y por la presencia que tienen sus marcas en todo el mundo gracias a las inversiones de sus fundaciones en escuelas de fútbol en concepto de Responsabilidad Social Corporativa. Por eso, ambos clubes, Real Madrid y FC Barcelona, pueden calificarse de nuevas multinacionales del ocio.
Leonardo Sciascia, escritor en prensa: sus colaboraciones con diarios italianos (1955-1989)
Authors: Serrano Puche Javier
Published: October 2022

Leonardo Sciascia (1921-1989) fue uno de los escritores italianos más importantes del siglo XX. De modo paralelo a la publicación de su obra literaria, extensa y muy variada, Sciascia ejerció también como columnista en periódicos de Italia, actividad que hasta ahora apenas ha sido estudiada. Este artículo recorre las colaboraciones de Sciascia con diversos diarios italianos, tanto regionales como de difusión nacional, a lo largo de casi 35 años. Muestra cómo fue afianzando su prestigio intelectual en la esfera pública, constituyéndose en una referencia moral por medio de sus valiosas pero polémicas opiniones sobre la situación política nacional y sobre el modo con que desde las instituciones se estaba combatiendo contra la mafia siciliana.
La creación de discurso ideológico en el cine popular del tardofranquismo (1966-1975): el ‘ciclo Paco Martínez Soria’
Authors: Huerta-Floriano Miguel Ángel , Pérez-Morán Ernesto
Published: October 2022

El cine popular de los últimos años del franquismo gozó de un importante éxito comercial gracias a películas que, bajo la apariencia de un entretenimiento sencillo, reflejaban y/o generaban una visión concreta sobre un momento histórico de cambio. La producción del período tardofranquista encontró un filón en algunos grupos de obras, entre los que destaca la decena de largometrajes protagonizados por el actor Paco Martínez Soria. Su filmografía admite una lectura en clave ideológica que se concreta en una defensa de la tradición frente a la novedad gracias a una figura patriarcal y benefactora que asegura la estabilidad de las comunidades a las que pertenece.
Modelos audiovisuales públicos en España. Perfil profesional, empresarial y político de sus principales órganos internos de gestión
Authors: López-Cepeda Ana María
Published: October 2022

Los medios de comunicación públicos juegan un papel fundamental en la transmisión de una información libre, sin presiones políticas ni económicas, convirtiéndose en la base de la sociedad. Sin embargo, en nuestro país, tan falto de tradición democrática en el ámbito audiovisual, la radio televisión pública ha sido y sigue siendo, en muchas ocasiones, utilizada por los grandes grupos de poder en pro de sus intereses, a través de órganos de gestión politizados y sin la cualificación suficiente. El objetivo de esta comunicación es dar a conocer el perfil profesional, empresarial y político de directores, presidentes y consejos de administración de las entidades audiovisuales públicas, estatal y autonómicas, de nuestro país.
Civic Osmosis: The Social Impact of Media
Authors: McCombs Maxwell
Published: October 2022

We swim in a vast sea of news and information, a gestalt of communication channels where the whole is indeed much greater than the sum of its parts. In this process of learning about the world around us through a continuous process of civic osmosis, the Internet and a growing host of electronic devices add dynamic and major channels to this gestalt. However, in the scholarly examination of communication effects, there is a tendency to emphasize individual media more than the communication media collectively as a system. To mix metaphors – to analyze the trees, but not to admire the forest. Individual media, especially the growing array of new channels in the communication landscape, are intriguing and important. But that is not all the story. The impact of individual media on individuals and society often are highly situational. For example, this particularly can be the case in elections where the mix of candidates and concerns of the day create a vastly different political communication culture from election to election. To cite two American examples from the early days of agenda setting research, in the Charlotte study of the 1972 U.S. presidential election, newspapers demonstrated stronger agenda setting effects than television news . However, in the 1976 U.S. presidential election study of three cities, television was the dominant agenda setter . Sometimes a particular medium holds center stage. More often, the media collectively share center stage. If we were to construct a web site for agenda-setting theory and research, a prominent FAQ – to use the contemporary jargon of the Internet – would be whether newspapers or television are the stronger agenda-setter. And the answer to this question is telling. About half the time, there is no discernible difference in the agenda-setting influence of newspapers and television news. The other half of the time newspapers have the edge by a ratio of roughly two to one. Sometimes a particular medium holds center stage. More frequently, the communication media collectively hold center stage. The perspective and approach to agenda-setting research outlined here, civic osmosis, emphasizes the collective role of the communication media. And the proliferation of new media adds a rich variety of dynamic channels to this communication gestalt. Increasingly, we swim in a vast sea of diversity, and we need to understand the currents in this sea, both those that enhance communication across our communities and nations and those currents that pollute the sea. But above all, we need to understand the sea as whole and how it changes and shifts over time.
John Ford and the Author Theory: contribution of Anglo-Saxon criticism towards debate
Authors: Gutiérrez-Delgado Ruth
Published: October 2022

Tradition in cinema criticism has given excessive importance to Cahiers du Cinéma in relation to Fordian authorship. However, it was in fact the ‘Turkish youths’ (Cahiers’s critics) the ones who not only undertook radical theories as regards cinema auteur but they were also the ones who decided what was the appropriate moment in which to establish Ford as an author, developing wide arguments on that issue. On a rather discreet level, but much earlier in time, the British magazine Sequence defended with strong reasoning the Fordian cause in the late forties. That position also made Sequence critics face the main obstacles in the Author Theory, although from a less systematic point of view. The existence and importance of Peter Ericsson’s article published in Sequence in 1947 in which the first reasons for the Fordian cause are defined, appears very clearly in the present article. From 1950 onwards and in the same magazine, the critic Lindsay Anderson would undertake once again the work that was raised by Ericsson.
Journalistic challenges in television coverage of disasters: lessons from the February 27, 2010, earthquake in Chile
Authors: Puente Soledad , Pellegrini Silvia , Grassau Daniela
Published: October 2022

In situations of high distress in which social reality and news routines are deeply altered, journalism common practices are challenged by the exceptional circumstances and by the informative needs of the population. This paper faces these challenges through the analysis on how journalists, editors y directors from the four most important television stations in Chile reacted during the coverage of the February 27, 2010 earthquake in that country, one of the biggest in human history. Through in depth interviews analysis, and their systematization, the research proposes a classification of the challenges that journalism faces in coverage of natural disasters in four groups (emotional and psychological effects, logistical difficulties, restricted access to information, and ethical dilemmas) that divides them in specific factors and their respective intervening elements.
A study on Brazilian web journalists’ professional careers
Authors: Pereira Fábio Henrique
Published: October 2022

This paper seeks to analyze the journalists’ professional careers that work at online newsrooms in Brazil. It aims to understand the socialization processes of these journalists, from the analysis of its trajectory, by applying the concept of professional careers. In order to accomplish it, semi-directive interviews were made with 10 Brazilian journalists. This analysis shows a relative stability in the professional world. The introduction of new technical tools had not deeply change the learning and socialization processes in newsrooms. The results seem to point to an incorporation of online journalism practices in the traditional ways of access and mobility in the journalism profession.
The Journalistic Language: from the ‘Nest of Languages’ to ‘The Linguistic Turn’
Authors: Vellón-Lahoz Javier
Published: October 2022

The article raises a characterization of the journalistic language from the review of the notion of 'nest of languages', following the new paradigm of the called 'linguistic turn' and an inductive methodology that gives account of the reality of the means on the current market of communication. First, one presents an interpretation of the concept of standard which is far away from the traditional vision, focused on the objectivity and on the neutralization of the style. Secondly, it deals with the colloquial register, determining the variables of use as well as its revitalizing aims of the text. Later, one treats the linguistic implications of the relationship between press and power, regarding both the bureaucratization of the informative speech and its metalinguistic singularity. Finally, the links between literature and journalism are reformulated from the principle of stylistic selection depending on the expressive needs for the discursive representation of reality
Comparison between the professional roles of Spanish and U.S. journalists: Importance of the Media System as the Main Predictor of the Professional Roles of a Journalist
Authors: Roses Sergio , Farias-Batlle Pedro
Published: October 2022

A secondary analysis of data collected from two cross-national surveys based on a survey of U.S. journalists in 2007 (n=402) and a survey of Spanish journalists in 2011 (n=762) was conducted to compare the attitudes of U.S. and Spanish journalists about their professional roles. The results of the study were used to assess whether the media system of a country is the best predictor of the professional role of journalists. The findings showed that Spanish journalists were more likely to see themselves as mobilizers of the citizenship of their country and less likely to give importance to the function of a journalist as a disseminator of information relative to U.S. journalists. In addition, the media system of the respective countries was the most relevant predictor of the value given by journalists to the majority of journalistic functions.
Connecting blog, Twitter and Facebook use with gaps in knowledge and participation
Authors: Woo-Yoo Sung , Gil-de-Zúñiga Homero
Published: October 2022

Although they share a similar ‘social media’ tag, blogs, micro-blog sites like Twitter, and social networking sites (SNS) like Facebook are distinctive in their relationships with political engagement. This paper examined the impact of the use of the three media on the gaps in political knowledge and participation between the more and less educated people. In the results, Facebook use interacted positively with education in predicting civic and issue knowledge. The gap of offline participation was larger among heavy Twitter users than among light users. Overall, findings imply that social media amplify or reinforce inequality of political engagement.
Comunicación, propaganda y censura en la guerra hispano-marroquí (1906-1923)
Authors: Martínez-Gallego Francesc A. , Laguna-Platero Antonio
Published: October 2022

La penetración colonial en Marruecos se convirtió en un objetivo estratégico de la política española a partir de 1900. Uno de los escollos para alcanzar dicha finalidad era la opinión pública española. Nuestra hipótesis es que los diferentes gobiernos, así como una serie de organismos privados como la Liga Africanista y los Centros Comerciales Hispano-Marroquíes, intervinieron en los medios de comunicación para crear un nuevo patriotismo colonialista en la opinión pública. A través de documentación de primera mano, encontrada en el Archivo General de la dministración y en el Archivo Central del Servicio Histórico Militar, se reconstruyen las acciones tendentes a estimular un nuevo discurso (periodístico, literario, cinematográfico, etc.) a favor del colonialismo. También se estudian los controles que los gobiernos establecieron sobre la prensa crítica con la guerra (censura, utilización de fondos reservados, etc.). El trabajo concluye señalando la centralidad de la cuestión colonial. Asimismo, establece la combinación de mecanismos de control y estímulo hacia los medios de comunicación que dispusieron diferentes gobiernos para conseguir que la penetración en Marruecos fuese vista por la opinión pública como “su misión civilizadora”.
Transmedia Storytelling, an ally of Corporate Communication: #Dropped by Heineken case study
Authors: Costa-Sánchez Carmen
Published: October 2022

Corporate Communication changes trying to follow new social, technological and media dynamics. In the current context, it begins to experience with transmedia storytelling that offers a story to explain, multiple platforms and distinct levels of audience participation. Up to now, transmedia storytelling has been studied especially linked to fiction brands (television, cinematographic or literary, fundamentally). This article is one of the first in tackling a corporate campaign from the key elements of transmedia storytelling: story, media/platforms and audiences. It highlights the importance of the new tendency for the future of Corporate Communication.
Quoting and Misquoting Aristotle's "Poetics" in Recent Screenwriting Bibliography
Authors: Brenes Carmen Sofía
Published: October 2022

Between 2007 and 2012 more than 100 new books on screenwriting have been accessioned to the United States Library of Congress. The present work reviews 68 of these books and another 27 manuals on screenwriting published since 1979, the year of publication of The Foundations of Screenwriting, Syd Field’s seminal work on this discipline. This article seeks to explore the range of Aristotle’s influence on these manuals and to suggest that there should be a second reading of Poetics, that considers not only its didactic and technical dimension, but also that pertaining to philosophy and wisdom, and thus the professional interest for writers and viewers.
Importancia de la prensa hispana. La victoria de Obama en los periódicos en español estadounidenses
Authors: Gómez-Mompart Josep Lluís , Coperías-Aguilar María José
Published: October 2022

La prensa en español de Estados Unidos, de observancia hispana, jugó un papel significativo en la reelección del presidente Obama en 2012, no tanto por hacer campaña explícita por ese candidato, sino por el tratamiento dado en los meses anteriores a la votación a los problemas sociales, económicos y políticos hispanos. El artículo cruza dos investigaciones en paralelo mediante el estudio de esos temas de los cuatro diarios y cuatro semanarios hispanos más destacados durante seis meses y las portadas de los mismos periódicos que presentan la victoria de Obama, a través de un análisis de pragmaestilística.
Análisis de la incidencia de la dieta de servicios digitales en la utilidad y confianza de la información en internet en los jóvenes universitarios
Authors: García-García Francisco , Gértrudix-Barrio Manuel , Gértrudix-Barrio Felipe
Published: October 2022

Se analiza el uso que realizan los jóvenes universitarios de los servicios digitales en red. En función de la habilidad y la conducta autodefinidas, y la confiabilidad y la utilidad percibidas y declaradas, se evalúa la correspondencia entre dieta y el grado de utilidad y confianza de la información en internet. Los datos de una encuesta a estudiantes de las universidades públicas de Madrid ofrecen una tipología de usuarios en cinco niveles cuyos rasgos esenciales son: un bajo nivel de confianza y percepción de utilidad de la información, un repertorio de medios escaso y una dieta desequilibrada.
Movimientos sociales, redes sociales y Web 2.0: el caso del Movimiento por la Paz con Justicia y Dignidad
Authors: Treré Emiliano , Cargnelutti Daniele
Published: October 2022

Estudios empíricos han señalado que la interacción en las plataformas de los movimientos sociales suele ser muy baja, aunque otros autores argumentan que la Web 2.0 aumenta las posibilidades de participación y de interacción. Este artículo presenta un análisis cuali-cuantitativo de la página Facebook del Movimiento por la Paz con Justicia y Dignidad. El objetivo consiste en investigar si esta página constituye un espacio de diálogo e interacción o si en cambio prevalece una lógica de difusión de contenidos online. Los resultados revelan que Facebook aparece como espacio de publicación de informaciones, no como red para un debate participativo.
The communication policy of the European Commission: radio broadcasting since the 90s, from Radio E to Euranet Plus
Authors: Gallego Juan Ignacio , Fernández-Sande Manuel , Demonget Ariane
Published: October 2022

In the middle of the most pronounced economic crisis since its inception, many of the communication policies initiated by the European Union in recent decades must be evaluated and redefined considering the future of the Union. The challenge to define Europe and create a common identity that respects the diversity of cultures within the Union has been attempted through various media policies. We explore the recent evolution of European radio policies, considering a range of projects from the global to network levels (e.g. Radio E, Euranet and Euranet Plus) that are fundamental to our understanding of the use of media in the development of a European identity that respects the diversity of cultures within the Union.
Influence of character type and narrative setting on character desing for fictional television series
Authors: Igartua Juan José , Marcos-Ramos María
Published: October 2022

The importance of characters in fictional audiovisual productions has received much emphasis in research on media entertainment. However, despite the centrality of characters, analysis of the factors that influence their design is a topic that has scarcely been approached. The objective of this research study was to analyze the process of designing fictional audiovisual characters. Participants (N = 303) were audiovisual communication students whose task was to create a fictional character while being manipulated experimentally (through instructions) as to the type of character to design (general versus immigrant character) and the fictional setting (hospital versus police station). The dependent variables were related to the attribution of narrative characteristics, socio-demographic characteristics, personality traits and potential for audience identification with the character. The results show that the type of character and narrative setting influenced the occupation assigned to that character: when the character to be designed was an immigrant and the action was to take place in a police station they were most frequently considered criminals. It was also confirmed that the character type to be designed affected the narrative role, role in the plot, educational level and socioeconomic status assigned to the created character. In addition, the immigrant character was assigned a lower identification potential and this, in turn, influenced the personality traits assigned to the character.
Government advertising and the war on drugs: the narrative proposed by the Mexican Federal Government (2006-2012)
Authors: Prieto Mora Hermes Ulises
Published: October 2022

This academic article is based on the results obtained from doctoral research defended in May of 2016 , with the title: "Government advertising in the construction of cultures of peace: the case of the Mexican Federal Government (2006-2012) in the framework of the war on drugs", which highlights the potential of government advertising for the promotion of values, behaviors and actions that build collective well-being. The research analyzes qualitatively 127 T.V. spots issued by different Departments of the Mexican Republic during the six-year presidential term of Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa, to unveil that the Mexican government, instead of using its advertising efforts to contribute to the pacification of the country, used this communicative tool to legitimize its strategy of facing drug trafficking through an armed approach. Throughout the messages presented in the T.V. spots, a clearly differentiated story between "good" and "bad" people is described, using the threat of drugs as the axis of its persuasive strategy and transmitting a culture of fear that generates more concerns and insecurities than the values needed to counteract violence. At the same time, the promotion of cultures of peace in the story offered by the Mexican Federal Government is minimal and circumstantial, from what it can be affirmed that it does not offer keys to understand and transform the conflict, but a narrative that reinforces the war on drugs and legitimizes it.
Which has more influence on perception of pseudo-therapies: the media’s information, friends or acquaintances opinion, or educational background?
Authors: Moreno-Castro Carolina , Corell-Doménech Mavi , Camaño-Puig Ramón
Published: October 2022

This study analyses the discourses of Education and Journalism students in order to understand their perception of complementary and alternative therapies. Likewise, to know if educational background or friends or acquaintances opinion has a more considerable influence on their knowledge and use of these socially controversial techniques than the media. This study uses qualitative research methods based upon 12 discussion groups with 102 participants. Once transcriptions were completed, discourse analysis was conducted using linguistic corpus software (T-LAB. 9.1.). In the design of the research, these students were selected for their social involvement in their future careers, such as when they are going to address or analyse scientific controversies, both in classrooms and media, or evidence-based medicine. Also, to complement the results of the qualitative study, and thus obtain more robust conclusions, this work compares the data collected in discussion groups, with results of a survey (quantitative research) administered to 718 students of Education, Journalism, Medicine and Nursing. One hand, the focus groups revealed that the information channels through which students learned about these therapies were by word of mouth and through networks of family members, friends and acquaintances and their digital equivalents, social networks and blogs. In all the discussion groups, a lack of scientific knowledge was detected. Second hand, survey results showed that the Education and Nursing students presented a higher level of acceptance of alternative therapies compared with the Medicine and Journalism students, who were the most unaccepting
The ability of video games to depict cancer as a dramatic experience. A comparative study with literature and cinema
Authors: Navarrete-Cardero Luis , Vargas-Iglesias Juan-J.
Published: October 2022

Given that the democratisation of video games has allowed this industry to appropriate a series of themes traditionally the exclusive preserve of other expressive media, this work analyses the capacity of videoludic expression to elicit emotions and convey the seriousness of cancer by performing a comparative study with literature and cinema. To this end, three works (one per medium) were selected to be respectively read, viewed or played by all the study subjects (n=90). A two-step methodology was employed. Firstly, the concepts of emotion and narrative scheme were defined in the context of disciplines relating to the three media and then shared with the subjects. Secondly, once both variables, i.e. the concepts of emotion and narration, had been controlled, a questionnaire was designed to determine which of the three works comprising the corpus best conveyed the experience of cancer. The results reveal that the sample game, in spite of its shortcomings in character design, was judged to be the one that most poignantly described the development of the disease. Therefore, it is possible to claim that the common belief that video games are trivial devices, solely designed to entertain, contrasts with their true expressive ability to convey dramatic experiences.
Twitter as a space for interaction in political journalism. Dynamics, consequences and proposal of interactivity scale for social media
Authors: López-Rabadán Pablo , Mellado Claudia
Published: October 2022

This article goes in depth into the key mechanisms that enable a digital interaction between journalists and expert sources in political journalism, developing a scale that articulates these interaction mechanisms on Twitter. On the basis of this analytical proposal, this study tries to reflect the potential professional consequences which are generated by this social network throughout the journalistic work as well as some changes in important professional skills, such as data verification and contact with expert sources. Those are key aspects to determine the opportunities of the journalists in the future of the profession. It also tries to analyse the relationship between journalists and politicians into a digital context by assessing the impact of using different new media tools on the journalistic culture and political discussion.
Twitter, partisan use and institutional use: Comparative analysis between the profiles of Moncloa, Madrid City Council and their ruling parties
Authors: González-Bengoechea Aitor , Fernández-Muñoz Cristóbal , García-Guardia María-Luisa
Published: October 2022

This paper seeks to compare and analyse the differences in the use of Twitter that, Partido Popular, as a traditional political party, and Ahora Madrid, as a new political party, make of the institutional channels for the public institutions that they administer. In addition, the present study analyses three different periods in the electoral process: the pre-campaign, campaign and post-campaign during the Spanish general elections of December 20th, 2015 in order to see if the election periods caused changes in their communications on Twitter. The sample consists of four cases divided into two groups for content analysis. On one hand, the Government’s Twitter profile (@desdelamoncloa) and of its ruling party, Partido Popular (@ppopular), comprise the old political group, while the Madrid City Council (@Madrid) and its ruling party, Ahora Madrid (@AhoraMadrid), are integrated into the new political group. Additionally, word clouds provide a visual representation of the main terms used by each group. The study results show which group uses and better leverages Twitter’s potential, in that Partido Popular and Moncloa have clearer differences between party and institutional channels, while Ahora Madrid and the Madrid City Council do not seem to be as clear about the difference between the two concepts and use the party channel as the city council channel. However, the results demonstrate that the new political profile leverages Twitter’s potential more.
Fact-checking platforms in Spanish. Features, organisation and method
Authors: Vizoso Ángel , Vázquez-Herrero Jorge
Published: October 2022

Fact-checking has become one of the most relevant activities of recent years, as a result of the increase in the flow of fake news and of the ease to spread news through platforms such as social media. The goal of the research is to assess the task of fact-checking developed by initiatives that use Spanish as a vehicle for comparing inaccurate and false information. We carried out a case study of 19 international projects that use Spanish as the main language to materialise their fact-checking actions and the analysis of contents published aims at understanding where these companies develop their activities, how are them internally organized and which methods they use to translate the data obtained to the audience. Results show that most of fact-checking projects in Spanish –launched most of them in the period 2014-2016– remain active. In South America, these organizations have more weight. Most of them have a journalistic nature, although there is a large number of civic and independent projects. Among strategies for verification, text is the preferred formula, although some innovative methods to present the degree of accuracy of assessed contents have been found.
Conspiracy theories, credibility and trust in information
Authors: Gualda Estrella , Rúas José
Published: October 2022

The rapid spread of social media on the Internet has resulted in strong changes in the information and communication landscape. Their inadequate use has given rise to new discussions on truth and post-truth, what is trustworthy and what is questionable, the credibility of messages and their sources. Through this article we aim to examine what citizens believe about the information they receive and if they feel whether or not there is withholding of information. This will be achieved through data obtained from a survey of a statistically representative sample of the Andalusian population over the age of 18 (1,103 respondents, with a maximum margin of error of +/- 3%). One of the main results of this research is the serious lack of credibility of the information received, as many Andalusians (68.1%) believe that information is withheld from them. We have also observed several factors explaining a greater likelihood of finding a high belief in the conspiracy theory on the withholding of information. Finally, the article reflects on the consequences of mistrust in information and we propose an inter- and transdisciplinary approach in order to counteract this mistrust.
Between Reality and Fantasy: The Narrative Strategies of the Horror Genre in Productions by Laika Studios (2009-2015)
Authors: Pérez-Guerrero Ana-M. , Forero-Serna Andrés
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the narrative strategies used to communicate the horror genre in the scripts of Laika studios and to investigate both the extent to which they contribute to imbuing the genre with a unique character in aesthetic and dramatic terms within mainstream animation cinema and the role they fulfil within the framework of their thematic approaches. To this end, a textual analysis of the studio’s productions was conducted for Coraline (Henry Selick, 2009), ParaNorman (Chris Butler & Sam Fell, 2012), The Boxtrolls (Graham Annable & Anthony Stacchi, 2014) and Kubo and the Two Strings (Travis Knight, 2016). The analysis was based on the knowledge categories proposed by Jule Selbo’s (2010) study on the creation of a mental space for the genre. The categories are divided into schematic, specific, and relevant knowledge. Finally, this study demonstrates how the tactics of the horror genre used in these films have enabled a different view of common themes in family-oriented Hollywood animation by communicating a stark image of the family and growing up. Although this image is not transgressive, it is certainly innovative by virtue of its thematic content, in which warnings against romanticising reality abound.
Tener y existir, reflexión y donación
Authors: Alvira Rafael
Published: October 2022

Pure being, without reference to negativity and otherness, is unthinkable and unreal. Being with regard to negativity is giving: being gives what it is not. The radical act of giving is to produce the other in itself; the derived act is to create. Being in relation to non-being is having. There is no existence (being before another) other than in having. Giving, donation, implies a having which is had, consciousness, freedom, reflection. Without reflection, there is no giving. Being is knowing; having, loving. There is no donation without love. The notion of "pure exchange" is infrahuman.
La autotranscendencia del sentido en Wittgenstein
Authors: Ortiz de Landázuri Carlos
Published: October 2022

In Transformation of Philosophy Apel rejected the destructive function of paradoxes of sense criticism in Wittgenstein's Philosophical Investigations, without accepting the systematic radicalisation of initial antimetaphysical programmatic projects. In this respect, Apel proposed a positive use of these paradoxes, reconstructing the quasi-transcendental turn by which P. Winch prolonged the proposals of Wittgenstein, in spite of their insufficiency.
Un apunte sobre el pensamiento moderno: La Rochefoucauld, B. Mandeville y A. Smith
Authors: Lázaro Raquel
Published: October 2022

Adam Smith is one of the main writers of the Scottish Enlightenment better known for his economic system than for his philosophical thought. Recent literature about this author has insisted upon the importance of studying his two main works, WN and TMS, as a whole. In this way, central issues of modern thought such as: social harmony, the role of passions and the need for ethics might be better understood. Influences from La Rochefoucauld and B. Mandeville can be found in Smith which connect with the Jansenist thought of the XVII century. With these considerations, it is shown that some writers of the Enlightenment were not as optimistic as it had been thought, Adam Smith being one of them.
¿Qué es el conocimiento? La epistemología en los EEUU hoy
Authors: Moros Enrique R. , Umbers Richard J.
Published: October 2022

In this article the chief lines of current American epistemological thought are outlined, as are the criticisms which each of these perspectives has received. A special emphasis is placed on the distinction between internalism and externalism. Mutual criticisms are made between the foundationalists and the coherentists, and the reliabilist standpoint is developed in detail in order to show that Virtue Epistemology is able to capture some of the best intuitions arising from the justification of belief.
Cuestiones acerca de la objetividad y subjetividad de los valores
Authors: Sánchez-Migallón Sergio
Published: October 2022

The word "value" is one of the most used in the current language, and the question of its objectivity is one of the most frequent in the habitual discussions. Nevertheless, very often the answers to this last question are different simply because diverse senses of value are not distinguished. In this article I try to distinguish those possible senses.
Democracia y participación en la escuela
Authors: Naval Concepción
Published: October 2022

One may ask whether the school is or ought to be a community. If this were the case, then it implies that participation is part of the essence of education. This consideration precedes the issue of whether the school is a model of democracy in its structure and management. Participation in schools is a novel focus. It is concerned not so much with whether the daily exercise of participation can improve and strengthen the democratization of the school, but with whether democracy fosters participation and enhances the school as a community.
Universalismo deliberativo o complementariedad participativa: Karl-Otto Apel y Jürgen Habermas
Authors: Ortiz de Landázuri Carlos
Published: October 2022

Today Habermas and Apel represent two opposite position in the debate of the fate of democracy in the European Union: the deliberative democracy, based in a utopia of dominion free community and the theory institutional of complementary participation in public decision, based in a discursive ethics of common responsibility, that also is defended in the conclusion.
Participación y representación: una encrucijada metafísico-política
Authors: Alvira Rafael
Published: October 2022

The point of the article is that representation is primarily an activity in the realm of knowledge while participation belongs to the will. Representation and participation are two dimensions of human life, at the same time personal and political. One cannot expect real participation in the absence of true representation. The present democracies have a real problem regarding the participation of the people in politics.
Civilización y participación política: una aportación temprana de Tocqueville
Authors: Múgica Fernando
Published: October 2022

Tocqueville conceives early his concept of political participation, within a particular philosophical context: the theory of civilization elaborated by his teacher, Guizot. In that context, Tocqueville outlines his theory of aristocratic civilization, in connection with the Germanic sense of liberty. His concept of democratic civilization is actually an analysis of the several layer which compose the European idea of democratic liberty. The American sense of municipal liberty keeps some traces of the aristocratic political civilization. It is a rare result of history, which clashes with modern rationalism and its universalistic tendency.
Sobre el papel del juicio práctico en la filosofía moral de Kant
Authors: Von Wolff-Metternich Brigitta-Sophie
Published: October 2022

Standard readings of Kant's ethical thought usually focus on the Groundwork, and, more particularly, in the application of the categorial imperative to any given maxim. In doing so, the standard readings do not take into account the necessary role of judgment in this process. After sketching the difference between determining and reflective judgment, and enlarging our view of Kant's ethics beyond the basic principles conveyed in Groundwork, the author discusses which may be the role of reflective judgment in Kant's moral thought. As a result, an entirely different approach to the socalled applied ethics emerges.
Naturalismo y trascendentalismo en la teoría kantiana del conocimiento
Authors: Llano Alejandro
Published: October 2022

This paper argues against the naturalistic interpretation of Kant's epistemology and shows the transcendental character of the critical theory, focusing on the transcendental deduction of categories. The author emphasizes the difficult balance between the transcendental and the naturalistic approach to Kantian epistemology.
¿Lo mío y lo tuyo? El Estado kantiano
Authors: Pippin Robert B.
Published: October 2022

Kant says there is a duty to exit the state of nature, to enter into a civil state. He says this is a duty of right (Rechtspflicht), not a duty of virtue. The article discusses the argument he gives to support this view, as well as the contemporary discussion on the relationship between this duty of right and the categorical imperative. The discussion is full of implications. Particularly significant is the view of the Kantian state emerging from it, which challenges the conventional account: instead of a state designed to protect pre-existing individual property rights, property rights are seen as something resulting from the very constitution of the state.
"Grecia" como conflicto entre Kant y Hölderlin
Authors: Leyte Arturo
Published: October 2022

This article focuses on the meaning of Greece in the modern Philosophy, specifically as a conflict between Kant and Hölderlin. It is shown the distinct perception from Kant and the idealism that becomes crucial: Greece as a conflict means the conflict between the Greek and the modern, between the difference and the absolute.