bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo experimental de vigas de concreto armado reforçadas à flexão com chapas de aço
Authors: Paliga Charlei Marcelo , Nicolini Natiele Gonçalves , Paliga Aline Ribeiro , Torres Ariela Da Silva
Published: July 2019

Frequentemente, há necessidade de se reforçar um elemento estrutural, uma vez que o mesmo nem sempre é capaz de suportar um aumento de carga aplicada. Em razão disso, este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo da técnica de reforço estrutural à flexão, com chapas de aço coladas em vigas de concreto armado, a fim de verificar mudanças de comportamento das mesmas ao utilizar diferentes propostas para essa técnica. Para que os objetivos deste trabalho fossem atingidos, realizou-se um programa experimental, que consistiu na realização de ensaios à flexão com cinco vigas, sendo uma sem reforço e outras quatro reforçadas com chapas de duas diferentes espessuras. Duas foram reforçadas com chapa de aço somente colada e outras duas com chapa de aço colada e ancorada com parabolts em suas extremidades. Conforme os resultados experimentais obtidos, percebeu-se o aumento de resistência e rigidez das vigas reforçadas em relação à viga testemunho. Além disso, constatou-se que a espessura da chapa influenciou no desempenho do reforço e que a ancoragem com parabolt é de extrema importância para o melhoramento do sistema. O aumento de resistência não atingiu a porcentagem proposta pela metodologia de cálculo, evidenciando o cuidado que se deve ter na preparação da superfície de aplicação da chapa e do concreto. Concluiu-se que estudos de caracterização devem ser realizados com a resina epóxi e as ancoragens utilizadas para se obter o melhor desempenho das vigas reforçadas.
Avaliação em campo do ruído aéreo de uma sala de aula tipo em campus universitário
Authors: Manfredini Bueno Guilherme , Postay Renata , Eccel Petereit Yasmin , Stumpf González Marco Aurélio , Parisi Kern Andrea
Published: July 2019

O pensamento a respeito do desempenho acústico nas edificações é consideravelmente novo no âmbito da construção civil especialmente no Brasil, onde, os requisitos de desempenho normalizados se aplicam apenas para edificações habitacionais através do conjunto de normas da ABNT NBR 15575:2013, também conhecida como norma de desempenho, enquanto que em diversos países há uma exigência mínima especifica para outras tipologias. Neste artigo, são apresentados alguns estudos de caso em edificações escolares, onde são demonstradas pesquisas realizadas tanto com medições em campo como avaliações qualitativas. Vale destacar que o processo de ensino aprendizagem necessita da escuta e compreensão da fala em todo o ambiente, possibilitando a boa interlocução entre professor e alunos. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o isolamento ao ruído aéreo de uma sala de aula tipo de uma instituição de ensino de nível superior. Tendo como objeto de estudo uma sala de aula de campus universitário localizado no estado do RS que possui 114,24 m2. A investigação da pesquisa foi através de verificação em campo do isolamento ao ruído aéreo, com ensaios conforme procedimentos da ISO 16283-1 para os ensaios de sistemas de vedações verticais internos e da ISO 16283-3 para os ensaios nos sistemas externos (fachadas). Os resultados apresentam desempenho abaixo do previsto quando comparados a referências internacionais específicas para ambiente escolar e, ainda, se considerados os requisitos estabelecidos na NBR 15575-4 o sistema construtivo também não atenderia o nível mínimo de desempenho.
TÜRKİYE-RUSYA İLİŞKİLERİ VE UÇAK KRİZİNİN RUS-TÜRK KAMUOYUNDAKİ YANSILARI
Authors: KURBAN Vefa , CABBARLI Hatem
Published: July 2019

26 Mart 2000
yılında yapılan devlet başkanlığı seçimlerini Vladimir Putin’in kazanmasından
sonra Rusya dış politikasında ve güvenlik alanında ABD ve rakip olarak
gördükleri ülkelere karşı daha ciddi siyaset uygulanmaya başladı. Putin’in
iktidara gelmesiyle birlikte Rusya-Türkiye ilişkilerinde yeni bir dönem
başladı, karşılıklı olarak iki ülke arasında üst düzey ziyaretler gerçekleşti.
İki ülke arasındaki ilişkileri etkileyen önemli konu genel olarak Ortadoğu,
özel olarak ise Suriye problemidir. İki ülke arasında ilişkiler olumlu
seyrederken Suriye sınırında SU-24 tipi bir Rus savaş uçağı 24 Kasım 2015
tarihinde Türkiye hava sahasını ihlal etti ve bunun üzerine Türk F-16’ları
tarafından angajman kuralları gereğince düşürüldü. Daha sonra Rusya Savunma
Bakanlığı tarafından uçağın Türk hava sahasını ihlal etmediğini
kanıtlayabilecekleri ile ilgili açıklama yapıldı. Olaylarla ilgili Putin, Rus
pilotlarının ve Rus uçağının Türkiye için bir tehdit oluşturmadığını, Rus
uçaklarının IŞİD’e karşı operasyon yaptıklarını açıkladı. Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan
Su-24 uçağının düşürülmesiyle ilgili derin üzüntü hissettiğini vurgulayarak
üzüntü mektubunu Putin’e gönderdi ve hayatını kaybeden Rus pilotunun ailesine
taziyelerini bildirdi. Ayrıca, mektupta Rusya ile geleneksel dostane
münasebetlerin yeniden inşa edilmesini istediğini de vurgulandı.

15 Temmuz 2016
tarihinde Türkiye’de başarısızlıkla sonuçlanan darbe girişimi gerçekleşti.
Darbe girişimi sonrasında uçak krizinin arka planında FETÖ terör örgütünün olma
ihtimali üzerinde duruldu. Yalnız yargı süreci devam ettiği için durum henüz
tam anlamıyla açıklığa kavuşmamıştır.
OSMANLI’DAN GÜNÜMÜZE İZMİR KAHVEHANE KÜLTÜRÜNDEN KESİTLER
Authors: GÖLGESİZ GEDİKLER Hülya , TEKİN Saadet
Published: July 2019

Kültürümüze
dört yüz yılı aşkın bir süre önce girmiş olan ilk toplumsal din dışı mekânlardan
biri olan kahvehane, zaman içerisinde değişim göstermekle birlikte bazı
geleneksel yönlerini de koruyarak günümüze kadar gelebilmiştir. Niceliksel
olarak hiç azımsanmayacak bir sayıda olmasının yanı sıra gördüğü yoğun talep
ile de hemen her dönemde kültürümüzde önemini korumuş ve çok farklı
disiplinlerin araştırma konusu olmuştur. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Osmanlı
İmparatorluğu’ndan günümüze kadar uzanan İzmir kahvehane kültürünü kentin
ticari kimliğiyle ilişkisi; zaman geçirme ve oynanan oyunlar; okuryazar ve
aydın kesimlerin edebi ve sanatsal sohbetlerine ortam oluşturması; siyasetle
ilişkisi ile eğlence yaşamındaki yeri bağlamında tarihsel olarak
incelenmesidir. Araştırmada arşiv belgeleri, seyahatnameler, anılar, süreli
yayınlar ve ikincil kaynakların yanı sıra, sözlü tarih çalışması ile eski İzmir
kahvehanelerinde yapılan görüşme ve gözlemlerden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma
sonucunda belirlenen alt başlıklar doğrultusunda İzmir kahvehane kültürüne
ilişkin ağırlıklı olarak 19. yüzyıldan başlayarak 2000’li yıllara kadar uzanan
dönemden örnekler sunulmuştur.
RUSYA’NIN KÜÇÜK HALKLARI VE KÜRESEL DÜNYADA HAYATTA KALMA SORUNLARI
Authors: ALİYEV Zaur
Published: July 2019

Genel olarak makalede Rusyada yaşayan küçük halklar
onların sosyo-kültürel, ekonomik, sosyal, demografik, iç politik sorunları,
hayatta kalmaları, onların ister Sovyet isterse de şimdiki devirde nasıl bir
yaşam mücadelesi verdiği araştırılarak ortaya koyulmuştur. Genel olarak küçük
halkların veya azınlıkların uluslararası koruma kanunlarının tam anlamıyla
uygulanmadıkları belirlenerek gelecekteki bu gibi araştırmaların önünü
açmaktadır.
DÖVİZ KURU RİSKİ VE BELİRLEYENLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GACENER ATIŞ Aydanur , ERER Deniz , AKIN Aslı
Published: July 2019

Bu çalışmada,
Türkiye ekonomisinde 2000Q1-2018Q2 döneminde reel efektif döviz kuru riskinin
belirlenerek, söz konusu riski ortaya çıkaran makroekonomik değişkenlerin
etkileri analiz edilmiştir. EGARCH ve EKK yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı çalışmanın
sonucunda elde edilen analiz bulgularına göre, reel efektif döviz kurunda
meydana gelen şokların etkisinin yaklaşık 40 gün sürdüğü ve negatif şokların reel
efektif döviz kuru oynaklığı üzerinde pozitif şoklara göre daha etkili olduğu
görülmüştür. Ayrıca, Türkiye’de döviz kuru riskini portföy yatırımları, cari
açık ve merkez bankası rezervleri pozitif etkilerken; doğrudan yabancı
yatırımların istatistiki olarak anlamlı bir etkisi saptanmamıştır.
Flexibility in the labour market
Authors: Csoba Judit
Published: July 2019

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Czech Interwar Photography between Art, Society and Politics
Authors: Vogelová Pavlína
Published: July 2019

A tanulmány a két világháború közötti cseh fotográfiára fókuszál a média és technika szemszögéből. A fotózás jelentős szerepet játszott a 1920-as és 1930-as években a modern kultúra kialakításában az újfajta tömegtájékoztatás, az iparosítás, a megváltozott szabadidő és kulturáliskapcsolatok révén. A tanulmány tehát a fotóművészetre mint gondolkodást befolyásoló tényezőre összpontosít. A tanulmányban fontos cél, hogy az eszmék fordított áramlását mutassa be, tehát azon dimenziók felől közelítsen a fotográfiához, amelyeket maga a fotóművészet ragad meg.
Rácz Andrea (szerk.) (2018): Szülői kompetenciafejlesztést célzó modellprogramok a gyermekjóléti szolgáltatások tárházában
Authors: Nemes-Zámbó Gabriella
Published: July 2019

„Minden gyerekben, mikor megszületik, ott van egy zeneikotta, egy partitúra. De sok feltétele van annak, hogy akottából muzsika legyen. Másként fog szólni jó zenészekkel, jó akusztikával, várakozással teli közönséggel, megintmásként, ha a karmester, a terem, a hangszerek rosszak.És lehet, hogy egyáltalán nem szólal meg. Mai tudásunkmellett a partitúrát nem is ismerjük. Csak a feltételekentudunk változtatni, ha azt szeretnénk, hogy a gyerekekzenéje szebben szóljon. Ezzel a metaforával világítja meg Albert Jaqurd, korunk egyik legnagyobb genetikusa, a környezeti feltételek és a genetika, az öröklött gének kölcsönhatását. Minél egyenlőtlenebb egy társadalom, annál nagyobbak a gyerek fejlődésére, ’megszólaló zenéjére’ hatókörnyezeti különbségek.”
Az énhasadás alakzatai
Authors: Horváth Lajos
Published: July 2019

The aim of the paper is, on the one hand, to examine the ipseity-hiperreflexivity model ofschizophrenia popularized in contemporary phenomenological psychiatry. On the other hand, itaims to compare the model with R. D. Laing’s earlier observations about the self. Owning to theworks of the co-authors, Sass and Parnas, the divergent symptoms of schizophrenia spectrumdisorder can be reduced to the minimal self that is a simpler notion than the person. The paperseeks to give and answer to the question of the relation between the lifeworld and the minimalself. Sass and Parnas argues, in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia an endogenous selfdisorder can emerge and its recognition could initiate therapeutic interventions prior to thefull-blown psychotic breakdown. Other authors emphasize the primacy of the lifeworld andidentity disorders determined by life circumstances contrary to or besides the role of minimalself-awareness.
Székelyföld – társadalomtudományi megközelítések
Authors: Bíró A. Zoltán
Published: July 2019

The study reviews the situation of social science research in Szeklerland after 1989, describes theinstitutional framework for the organization of research. Presents the most important featuresof the Szekler society with a view to providing an interpretative context for the Cross-SectionsSocial Science Journal. It also indicates the areas of analysis in which regional researches wereconducted, but could not be included in this study compilation.
A vidéki térségek pozicionálási lehetősége a Csíki-medence településeinek példáján
Authors: Székely Kinga Katalin
Published: July 2019

Those development approaches that support social inclusion, exploitation of endogenousresources and community development may be an alternative, and can offer new opportunitiesfor the economically and socially disadvantaged rural areas and for peripheral settlementsthat have missed the mainstream of development. The new rural paradigm, and the relatedregional development approaches, such as marketing-oriented settlement development, point toa new community-based trend, where places, local communities get a more important role, thefunction of local management changes and endogenous factors become the main resource. Thecommunication activity and positioning practice becomes more important.
Felnőttképzési helyzetkép a székelyföldi térségben
Authors: Kiss Adél
Published: July 2019

The study uses previous analysis and research reports to review the evolution of adult education.It presents the national and regional contexts, after that engages in the detailed presentationof adult education – structures, conditions, practices and functioninig – in Harghita county.One of the conclusions from the review of previous analysis and research reports is that thebasic practices of adult education evolved during the first two decades of transition are stillvery dominant in today’s functioning of adult education. The possible current chances of adulteducation are not yet exploited neither in regional policy planning nor in regional developmentpractice. There are further research and development tasks and opportunities in adult education.
MaHolnap
Authors: Maszlag Fanni
Published: July 2019

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A „kiegészítő” állampolgárság
Authors: Ladancsik Tibor
Published: July 2019

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Ground-Based MIMO Microwave Cameras: Resolution and Stationary Object Imaging
Authors: Chapurskii V.V. , Slukin G.P. , Noniashvili M.I. , Lesnikov G.A.
Published: July 2019

The study analysed possible resolution of two ground-based MIMO microwave camera designs by means of two-dimensional spatial cross-sections of a generalized ambiguity function. We used stepped-frequency modulated broadband signals as time-orthogonal probing signals for the microwave camera transmitters. We employed a mathematical simulation of the space-time signal processing system pertaining to MIMO microwave camera receivers to illustrate 2D and 3D microwave imaging of stationary extended multipoint objects situated at various altitudes above the earth surface.
Changing the Delay of the Analog-Digital Conversion in Reduce the Leakage Signal Effect
Authors: Kichigin A.A. , Shakhtarin B.I.
Published: July 2019

The research of reduction the leakage signal effect in short range radiolocation system is considered. LFM signal is used as a probe signal. The structure of the differential frequency signal and the structure of operating harmonic are shown for the spectral method of processing the useful signal. To reduce the leakage signal effect, it is proposed to use subsampling of the useful signal with a variable delay of the clock signal of the analog-to-digital converter. The dependence between the level of the parasitic component of the operating harmonic signal, due to the leakage signal effect, and the delay of the clock signal of the analog-digital converter, is given. The clock signal of the analog-digital converter is generated by a microcontroller timer. The timer is initialized in pulse width modulation mode. The required delay of the clock signal of the analog-digital converter is selected by changing the threshold of the timer. For testing the algorithm, a microwave module K-LC5 and a prototype board with a microcontroller STM32F407 are used.
Czy kończy się boom w sektorze deweloperów mieszkaniowych w Polsce?
Authors: Siemińska Ewa Hanna , Krajewska Małgorzata
Published: July 2019

Działalność firm deweloperskich zależy od bardzo wielu makro-, mezo- oraz mikroczynników. Do głównych uwarunkowań funkcjonowania dewelopera na rynku nieruchomości należą te o charakterze popytowo-podażowym oraz instytucjonalno-prawnym. W praktyce okazuje się jednak, że nawet przy bardzo dobrych wynikach finansowych i sprzedażowych osiąganych od co najmniej kilku lat przedsiębiorcy napotykają na coraz większe ograniczenia i problemy, które najpierw wpływają na spowolnienie tempa wzrostu, a następnie mogą być źródłem kłopotów z płynnością finansową. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja najważniejszych aktualnych uwarunkowań związanych z działalnością firm deweloperskich, z uwzględnieniem wybranych ryzyk regulacyjnych i rynkowych. W opracowaniu postawiono tezę, że w latach 2017–2018 warunki gospodarowania w sektorze mieszkaniowym uległy zmianie i widać symptomy ich pogorszenia. Wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz wskazują, iż trwający od co najmniej 2015 roku okres boomu inwestycyjnego w Polsce i bardzo dobrego klimatu dla prowadzenia działalności deweloperskiej, zwłaszcza na rynku mieszkaniowym, zaczął na początku 2018 roku ujawniać coraz wyraźniej symptomy świadczące o wyhamowaniu tempa wzrostu i pogarszaniu się sytuacji niektórych firm deweloperskich. Zastosowane metody badawcze obejmują studium literatury przedmiotu oraz aktualnych regulacji prawa, a ponadto analizę danych statystycznych i finansowych pochodzących z bogatych, zarówno pierwotnych, jak i wtórnych baz danych empirycznych. Dane finansowe wykorzystywane w opracowaniu dotyczą przede wszystkich wiodących spółek deweloperskich notowanych na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie.
Actitud hacia la matemática: percepción de la actitud de padres
Authors: Agüero-Calvo Evelyn , Meza-Cascante Luis Gerardo , Valdés-Ayala Zuleyka Suárez , Calderón-Ferrey Martha , Sancho Martínez Laura , Pérez-Tyteca Patricia , Monje-Parrilla Javier
Published: July 2019

Seguidamente, se presentan los resultados de un estudio en educación matemática, del dominio afectivo, sobre la relación entre las variables “actitud hacia la matemática”, “percepción de la actitud hacia la matemática del padre” y “percepción de la actitud hacia la matemática de la madre”, en estudiantes de la educación media costarricense, realizado en el 2017. Se concluye que no se encuentran diferencias en la primera variable por sexo, pero sí en las otras dos, con niveles superiores para los varones y tamaño del efecto pequeño. Además, se detectan relaciones significativas, positivas y moderadas entrelas tres variables.
Recursos semióticos en los anuncios publicitarios sobre discapacidad en la prensa escrita costarricense
Authors: Vergara-Heidke Adrián , Torres-Calderón Gina
Published: July 2019

La investigación presenta el resultado del análisis multimodal de 68 anuncios publicitarios sobre discapacidad que fueron publicados durante el período 2014-2016 en los tres periódicos de mayor difusión en Costa Rica (La Nación, Diario Extra y La Teja). Se recolectaron los anuncios, se catalogaron y se empleó la metodología de Kress y Van Leeuwen (2001, 2002, 2006) para determinar los modos que se interrelacionan en la construcción de discursos sobre discapacidad. Se establecen los recursos semióticos que se emplean en los anuncios analizados para la caracterización de las personas con discapacidad (PCD). Se concluye que los anuncios crean los significados mediante la interrelación semiótica, es decir, mediante la multimodalidad y para su comprensión total deben valorarse los recursos lingüísticos y paralingüísticos que componen los anuncios. Además, tras el análisis se determina que los anuncios promueven todavía un discurso discriminatorio que se evidencia en la discrepancia del componente icónico del anuncio y del lingüístico, ya que en el primero se le da protagonismo parcialmente a las PCD, mientras que la lingüística demuestra que el protagonismo lo tienen los anunciantes y que las PCD quedan relegadas a roles secundarios.
Revista completa
Authors: Corrales Navarro Elizabeth
Published: July 2019

Se presenta la revista I-2019, completa.
Sistema de arrastre de madera para plantaciones forestales combinando búfalos de agua (Bubalus bubalis bubalis Simpson, 1945) con tractor agrícola
Authors: Villalobos-Barquero Verónica , Meza-Montoya Alejandro , Navarro-Cordero Andrey
Published: July 2019

El análisis del sistema de arrastre de madera en dos fases se llevó a cabo en la localidad de Ticabán, ubicada en Pococí, Limón, Costa Rica y tuvo como objetivo principal la evaluación de dos métodos de extracción: búfalos de agua y tractor agrícola. Se determinó la eficiencia de la operación a través de un estudio de tiempos y movimientos y se calculó la producción de cada una de las jornadas evaluadas, para esto se cubicaron todos los fustes arrastrados por el búfalo y por el tractor agrícola utilizando la fórmula de Smalian. Un total de 12 jornadas de arrastre de madera con búfalo y 6 con tractor agrícola fueron evaluadas. Para la primera fase del arrastre realizada con búfalos de agua se obtuvo una eficiencia promedio de 77,44 % y una producción promedio de 1,73 m3/hora programada, datos que superan a los reportados en investigaciones similares. Por otra parte, la eficiencia y la producción promedio alcanzada por el tractor agrícola durante la evaluación del arrastre de madera fue de 88,10 % y 3,16 m3/hora programada, respectivamente. Estos resultados sugieren que la técnica de extracción de madera en dos fases maximiza las ventajas de las tecnologías empleadas en cada una de ellas y minimiza sus desventajas, aumentando la eficiencia y la producción total de la operación.
Cadenas globales de valor, empleo y servicios: Evidencia para algunos países Latinoamericanos
Authors: Gilles Enrique
Published: July 2019

En este artículo se aborda el fenómeno de las cadenas globales de valor (CGV) desde la perspectiva del empleo, tomando el caso de cinco países latinoamericanos y observando con mayor detenimiento al sector Servicios. Para esto se utiliza una matriz de insumo-producto internacional, la cual se combina con datos de empleo sectorial. Los resultados indican que el empleo generado por la demanda externa (final o intermedia) se origina principalmente en el sector Servicios, lo cual invita a prestar mayor atención a los efectos de las políticas comerciales sobre este sector, el cual se ha considerado tradicionalmente como un sector de no-transables. Por otro lado, y como se ha mostrado desde otras perspectivas, se presenta evidencia acerca de la escasa participación de estos países en cadenas globales de valor.
Factores críticos de éxito en el comercio digital de las PYMES exportadoras costarricenses
Authors: Vásquez Esquivel Ivonne
Published: July 2019

Resumen 

En esta investigación se evalúa la situación del comercio electrónico (CE) en las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) exportadoras costarricenses, en cuanto a (1) elementos tecnológicos y de información utilizados en el sitio, y (2) percepción de las empresas sobre cuáles factores consideran como críticos para su implementación. Se identificaron 82 empresas con sitio de CE, de un total de 2.849 empresas que exportaron bienes y ser vicios en el 2014 y 2015. Se analizaron los sitios de CE para identificar los elementos tecnológicos y de información presentes, y se aplicó una encuesta a sus gerentes para identificar su percepción sobre cuáles factores, de una lista de opciones, consideran como críticos para el éxito de sus actividades comerciales por Internet. Del análisis se desprende una calidad media o pobre en la mayoría de los sitios. Los factores de éxito identificados reflejan un conocimiento de las actividades sustantivas de este tipo de comercialización por las mipymes exportadoras, siendo considerados importantes por más de un 90% de estas empresas la “orientación al cliente” del sitio y la “privacidad de la información”, y para más de un 65% de mipymes, la facilidad de uso y actualización constante del sitio, su disponibilidad 24/7, el servicio posventa y el tiempo de entrega, la reputación de la empresa y el tipo de producto.
Brief Report: Characterizing the Burden of Cardiometabolic Disease among Public Housing Residents Served by an Urban Hospital System
Authors: Chambers Earle C. , Rehm Colin D.
Published: July 2019

Objective: Housing status is a primary social determinant of health that is not typically not collected in clinical settings. Residential address data collected during clinical visits can identify patients at high-risk for cardio­metabolic disease (CMD) residing in public housing.Design: This study examined CMD and related risk factors among patients living in public housing and a comparison group not living in public housing.Setting: All patients (n=173,568) were receiving primary care in a large hospital system in the Bronx, New York between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2017.Results: Patients in public housing were more likely to be women, to be Black or Hispanic, and to be on Medicaid compared with patients not living in public housing. Women in public housing were more likely than men to have had a higher prevalence of CMD and related risk factors.Conclusion: The burden of CMD among public housing residents shows sex disparities where women have a higher prevalence of CMD and related risk factors than men. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(3):463-468; doi:10.18865/ed.29.3.463
Physical Activity of Arab Muslim Mothers of Young Children Living in the United States: Barriers and Influences
Authors: Eldoumi Heba , Gates Gail
Published: July 2019

Objectives: To examine physical activity (PA) levels, and how sociocultural factors, acculturation, self-efficacy and religion influence PA levels of Arab Muslim mothers of young children living in the United States.Design: Cross-sectional online survey.Participants and Setting: Arab Muslim mothers of young children (aged <5 years) living in the United States (N=447).Variables Measured: PA levels, sociocultur­al and religious barriers to PA, self-efficacy, strength of religious faith, and acculturation.Results: Barriers to PA included dress code and negative perception of women who engaged in PA, lack of motivation and stress, and responsibilities. Barriers and self-efficacy significantly influenced PA levels (P<.001) but strength of religious faith and acculturation did not.Conclusions: Confirmation of the relations among self-efficacy, barriers and PA levels among Arab Muslim mothers of young children in the United States may help pro­fessionals tailor culturally sensitive interven­tions to combat obesity and other chronic diseases among this growing population.Ethn Dis. 2019;29(3):469-476; doi:10.18865/ ed.29.3.469
Are the Fitzpatrick Skin Phototypes Valid for Cancer Risk Assessment in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample of Women?
Authors: Sommers Marilyn S. , Fargo Jamison D. , Regueira Yadira , Brown Kathleen M. , Beacham Barbara L. , Perfetti Angela R. , Everett Janine S. , Margolis David J.
Published: July 2019

The Fitzpatrick Skin Phototypes (FSP) were developed to classify skin color and response to ultraviolet radiation. FSP are used clinically to assess risk for sunburn and skin cancer. Our aim was to determine the criterion-related validity of self-reported FSP when compared with skin color and sunburn history, controlling for age, race/ ethnicity, and seasonality/geography. We performed a secondary analysis of data (N=466) from an observational study. The racial/ethnic composition of the sample was 45% White/White Hispanic (WWH), 40% Black/Black Hispanic (BBH), and 15% Other Identities. Outcome measures were self-reported FSP and sunburn history, as well as physiological measures of skin color (L* lightness/darkness, a* redness/greenness, b*yellowness/blueness). Correlation between FSP and L* was -.77 (95% CI -.81, -.73; P<.001). Although 60% of the variance in FSP was accounted for by L* values for the entire sample, only 5% of the variance was accounted for among BBH participants (r=-.23), and up to 30% for WWH/Other Identity participants (r=-.48 and -.52). Mul­tiple regression analysis indicated L* and b* values, sunburn history, and race/ethnicity, but not geography/seasonality or a* values significantly and collectively accounted for 72% of the variance in FSP. While the criterion validity of FSP was established by the strong relationship between L* values and FSP for the entire sample, when exam­ined at the level of individual racial/ethnic subgroups, criterion validity of FSP was not demonstrated. When self-reported FSP are used for clinical skin assessment and sun cancer screening, they provide a restricted range of options for people with darker skin that does not capture variations in their skin color. Inaccuracy of clinical data may lead to unequal treatment or inadequate cancer risk assessment. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(3):505-512. doi:10.18865/ed.29.3.505
Trends in Memory Problems and Race/Ethnicity in the National Health and Examination Survey, 1999-2014
Authors: Casillas Alejandra , Liang Li-Jung , Vassar Stefanie , Brown Arleen
Published: July 2019

Background: Little data exist to describe serial population-level trends in cognitive impairment– especially among minority communities. Because memory problems are among the first warning signs of cogni­tive impairment, they provide a potential method for monitoring changes in cogni­tive health at the population level. This exploratory study aimed to: 1) estimate prevalence of memory problems among US residents by race/ethnicity, age category; and 2) examine whether racial/ethnic dif­ferences in subjective cognitive concerns (memory problems) varied across recent time periods.Design and Setting: Serial cross-sectional analysis of self-reported data from the National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2014.Participants: 20,585 participants aged ≥45 years during 1999-2014, who reported race/ethnicity as non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Latino/Hispanic.Measurements: The outcome of interest was subjective cognitive concerns, identi­fied as self-reported memory problems. The frequencies of memory problems were examined for each 4-year period, across racial/ethnic groups.Results: In adjusted analyses, compared with older (aged ³65 years) NHWs, dispari­ties in subjective cognitive concerns were observed for older Latinos for most periods (range of AOR: 1.43 – 2.01, P<.05). Ad­ditionally, Latinos without a high school education had significantly higher odds of reporting memory problems than NHW in multiple periods (range of AOR: 1.95 – 2.17, P<.005), while Latino high school graduates did not. There were no significant changes in racial/ethnic differences in sub­jective cognitive concerns over time.Conclusions: The prevalence of sub­jective cognitive concerns across time periods points to a need to engage patients – particularly older and less-educated Latinos – about warning signs for cogni­tive impairment. The impact of education on subjective cognitive concerns in older Latinos may be related to acculturation and warrant further investigation. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(3):525-534; doi:10.18865/ ed.29.3.525
Halal Identification for Meatballs in Pasar Tambun, Bekasi, West Java By Acrylamide Gels
Authors: Hidayati Wahyu , Apriaji Meta , Situmorang Almawati , Agustian Ifany , Janah Miftahul
Published: July 2019

Halal foods are important for Moslems and there is a Moslem’s duty to eat only Halal foods which is stated in Holly Qur’an. Moreover, government already made some regulations related to Halal certification which should be obeyed by food industries, including home industries. This research aimed to detect a porcine component in meatballs sold in Pasar Tradisional Tambun, Bekasi, West Java by using SDS-PAGE Here, we combined mechanical and chemistry methods to extract the proteins and compared the protein profiles on an acrylamide gel. We got specific bands of bovine and porcine proteins according to proteins bands that showed on the gel and after comparing with the samples we found that one sample had combining profiles in the extract. We concluded that three samples used in this research were halal, meanwhile, another sample containing porcine substances. Keywords: Halal, Proteins, Bovine, Porcine, Meatballs, SDS-PAGE.
STRATEGI PERANCANGAN KAWASAN BENTENG VASTENBURG SEBAGAI MUSEUM KOTA SURAKARTA DENGAN PENDEKATAN INFILL DESIGN
Authors: Siregar Hildaria Putri Lestari , Handayani Kusumaningdyah Nurul , Yuliarso Hari
Published: July 2019

Vastenburg Fortress is a fortress of Dutch army built within Sala village in 1832. As time goes on, the building stands by as 'silent witness' of every steps of social dynamics in Surakarta. Therefore, the fortress shows important potencies for society development in future. Based of the mapping of those existing potencies, the design potencies is to create a place that able to experimentally connect new significancy between future society development and all historical components within the site. Hence, the new function as urban museum does really fit in this category. To adapt with the new function as urban museum, using infill design as the main design approach is supported by several design methods; earth-sheltered architecture, sequence concept. Infill design is the main approach to integrate the old elements and the new elements within the site. Earth-sheltered architecture is the structural approach of the design that fits the site condition with its historical elements. Sequence concept is the basic concept of integrating the site with other heritage areas around it.
PENGARUH BUDAYA DALAM PEMBENTUKAN RUANG KOTA SALA SEJAK PERPINDAHAN KRATON SAMPAI DENGAN PELETAKAN MOTIF DASAR KOLONIAL
Authors: Kusumastuti Kusumastuti
Published: July 2019

Kota Surakarta atau sering dikenal dengan sebutan Kota Sala adalah salah satu kota yang pernah mengalami dualisme kepemimpinan antara Kraton Surakarta dan Kolonial Belanda. Hal ini kemudian berpengaruh pada pola-pola bentukan ruang kota yang sampai sekarang masih jelas terlihat di setiap sudut ruang-ruang kotanya, tergambar jelas dalam wujud bangunan sebagai simbol-simbol budaya penguasa saat itu. Menurut Kuntowijoyo, budaya dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu nilai dan simbol. Nilai merupakan budaya yang tidak kasat mata, sedangkan simbol adalah budaya yang kasat mata dan melibatkan nilai dalam perwujudannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan mengkaji pengaruh budaya dalam pembentukan ruang kota sebagai bentuk dari simbol budaya. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskripitf kualitatif. Sehingga analisis dilakukan dengan memaparkan berbagai sumber peta dan tulisan, dan hasil pengamatan di lapangan kemudian hasilnya dideskripsikan. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa dualisme kepemimpinan di Solo sangat berpengaruh pada pola bentukan ruang. Artinya nilai-nilai budaya yang dibawa dari masing-masing penguasa mempengaruhi pola bentukan ruang kotanya yang merupakan wujud dari simbol-simbol budaya penguasa, seperti Beteng Vastenburg merupakan simbol Pemerintah Kolonial dan alun-alun sebagai simbol Kraton Surakarta. 
Sociodemographic Correlates of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) Use in the United States, 2016–2017
Authors: Spears Claire Adams , Jones Dina M. , Weaver Scott R. , Huang Jidong , Yang Bo , Pechacek Terry F. , Eriksen Michael P.
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To investigate use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among priority populations.

Methods. Using 2016 through 2017 US nationally representative surveys (n = 11 688), we examined ENDS use by sociodemographic variables (age, education, poverty status, insurance, employment, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation) and combustible tobacco use.

Results. Among individuals who currently use noncigarette combustible tobacco, those from certain backgrounds (young adults, those living below the poverty level, those less educated, sexual minorities, Blacks, Hispanics, and those without health insurance) were more likely to use ENDS. Among current cigarette smokers, those who were younger, living at or above poverty (ever use), with higher education (current use), sexual minority, and non-Black were more likely to use ENDS.

Conclusions. Associations between sociodemographic variables and ENDS use varied depending on combustible tobacco use status, highlighting the need to consider multiple types of tobacco products to understand ENDS use among priority populations. The impact on tobacco disparities will ultimately depend on whether ENDS are used to transition completely away from combustible tobacco products and how this may differ across priority populations who use diverse tobacco products.
Changes in Veterans’ Coverage and Access to Care Following the Affordable Care Act, 2011–2017
Authors: Kelley A. Taylor , Tipirneni Renuka , Levy Helen
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To evaluate the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on US veterans’ access to care.

Methods. We used US Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to compare measures of veterans’ coverage and access to care, including primary care, for 3-year periods before (2011–2013) and after (2015–2017) ACA coverage provisions went into effect. We used difference-in-differences analyses to compare changes in Medicaid expansion states with those in nonexpansion states.

Results. Coverage increased and fewer delays in care were reported in both expansion and nonexpansion states after 2014, with larger effects among low socioeconomic status (SES) and poor health subgroups. Coverage increases were significantly larger in expansion states than in nonexpansion states. Reports of cost-related delays, no usual source of care, and no checkup within 12 months generally improved in expansion states relative to nonexpansion states, but improvements were small; changes were mixed among veterans with low SES or poor health.

Conclusions. Increases in insurance coverage among nonelderly veterans after ACA coverage expansions did not consistently translate into improved access to care. Additional study is needed to understand persisting challenges in veterans’ access to care.
Medical Use and Misuse of Prescription Opioids in the US Adult Population: 2016–2017
Authors: Griesler Pamela C. , Hu Mei-Chen , Wall Melanie M. , Kandel Denise B.
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To characterize prescription opioid medical users and misusers among US adults.

Methods. We used the 2016–2017 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health to compare medical prescription opioid users with misusers without prescriptions, misusers of own prescriptions, and misusers with both types of misuse. Multinomial logistic regressions identified substance use characteristics and mental and physical health characteristics that distinguished the groups.

Results. Among prescription opioid users, 12% were misusers; 58% of misusers misused their own prescriptions. Misusers had higher rates of substance use than did medical users. Compared with with-prescription-only misusers, without-and-with-prescription misusers and without-prescription-only misusers had higher rates of marijuana use and benzodiazepine misuse; without-and-with-prescription misusers had higher rates of heroin use. Compared with without-prescription-only misusers, without-and-with-prescription and with-prescription-only misusers had higher rates of prescription opioid use disorder. Most misusers, especially with-prescription-only misusers, used prescription opioids to relieve pain. Misusers were more likely to be depressed than medical users.

Conclusions. Prescription opioid misusers who misused both their own prescriptions and prescription opioid drugs not prescribed to them may be most at risk for overdose. Prescription opioid misuse is a polysubstance use problem.
Increasing Organ Donor Designation Rates in Adolescents: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Rodrigue James R. , Boger Matthew , DuBay Derek , Fleishman Aaron
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness of video messaging on adolescent organ donor designation rates.

Methods. We randomized adolescent driver education classes in Massachusetts, between July 2015 and February 2018, to receive 1 of 3 organ donation video messaging interventions (informational, testimonial, or blended). Adolescents completed questionnaires before and after the intervention and at 1-week follow-up; we compared their registration status at time of obtaining driver’s license with that of a regionally matched historical comparison group.

Results. Donor designation rates were higher for those exposed to video messaging than for the historical comparison group (60% vs 50%; P < .001). Testimonial (64%) and blended messaging (65%) yielded higher donor designation rates than informational messaging (51%; P = .013). There was a statistically significant messaging × time interaction effect for donation knowledge (P = .03), with blended and informational messaging showing more gains in knowledge from before to after the intervention (P < .001; d = 0.69 and P < .001; d = 0.45, respectively), compared with testimonial messaging (d = 0.09; P = .22).

Conclusions. Testimonial messaging is most effective in producing a verifiable and demonstrable impact on donor designation rates among adolescents, and driver education classes are an efficient venue for disseminating organ donation messaging to youths.

Trial Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT03013816.
A 15-Year Population-Based Investigation of Sexual Assault Cases Across the Province of Ontario, Canada, 2002–2016
Authors: Muldoon Katherine , Smith Glenys , Talarico Robert , Heimerl Melissa , McLean Cheynne , Sampsel Kari , Manuel Douglas
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To estimate the population-level frequencies and standardized rates of sexual assault cases in the province of Ontario, Canada.

Methods. We conducted a 15-year retrospective analysis (2002–2016) of sexual assault cases by linking 5 provincial administrative health databases. We defined sexual assault by an algorithm of 23 International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, and physician billing codes. We calculated age- and sex-stratified standardized rates per 100 000 census population, and we used age- and sex-stratified Poisson regressions to determine annual rate ratios.

Results. Between 2002 and 2016, there were 52 780 incident cases of sexual assault in Ontario at a rate of 27.38 per 100 000 population. The highest rates were found among females aged 15 to 19 years (187 per 100 000) and 20 to 24 years (127 per 100 000). Among males, the highest rates were observed among children aged 0 to 4 years (41 per 100 000) and 5 to 9 years (29 per 10 000). Among males and females, the annual rate ratio increased among those aged 15 years and older and decreased among those aged 14 years and younger.

Conclusions. Sexual assault was documented across all age groups and sexes, from children to elders, with high standardized rates among adolescents and children.
Post-Legalization Opening of Retail Cannabis Stores and Adult Cannabis Use in Washington State, 2009–2016
Authors: Everson Erik M. , Dilley Julia A. , Maher Julie E. , Mack Curtis E.
Published: July 2019

Objectives. To assess the relationship between adult cannabis use and time-varying local measures of retail cannabis market presence before and after legalization (2012) and market opening (2014) in Washington State.

Methods. We used 2009 to 2016 data on 85 135 adults’ current (any) and frequent (20 or more days) past-month cannabis use from the Washington Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System linked to local retailer proximity and density. Multilevel models predicted use over time, accounting for nesting within communities.

Results. Current and frequent cannabis use grew significantly between 2009 and 2016; use did not significantly change immediately after legalization but increased subsequently with greater access to cannabis retailers. Specifically, current use increased among adults living in areas within 18 miles of a retailer and, especially, within 0.8 miles (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24, 1.69). Frequent use increased among adults living within 0.8 miles of a retailer (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.15, 1.77). Results related to geospatial retailer density were consistent.

Conclusions. Increasing cannabis retail access was associated with increased current and frequent use.

Public Health Implications. Policymakers might consider density limits as a strategy for preventing heavy cannabis use among adults.
Vascularized Fibular Grafting in Treatment of Femoral Neck Nonunion
Authors: Yin Jimin , Zhu Hongyi , Gao Yanchun , Zhang Changqing
Published: July 2019

Background:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and prognostic factors predicting success of revision surgery with free vascularized fibular grafting (FVFG) for treatment of femoral neck nonunion.

Methods:

We prospectively enrolled patients who underwent revision surgery with FVFG between January 2001 and January 2013 in a tertiary hospital in China. A total of 98 patients with a minimum 5-year follow-up were included for analysis. The criteria for FVFG failure were conversion to hip arthroplasty, recommendation for a hip arthroplasty, or a Harris hip score of <80 points. Demographic information, the preoperative neck shortening ratio (NSR), the fixation method, and postoperative radiographic parameters including the postoperative NSR and neck-shaft angle (NSA) were recorded for prognostic analysis.

Results:

At an average of 9.8 ± 3.5 years (range, 3 to 17 years) postoperatively, the overall success rate of this surgical procedure was 77% (75 of 98). The success and failure groups had no significant differences in age, fixation method, interval between initial fixation and revision surgery, or postoperative NSA. The success group had a significantly higher NSR than the failure group both preoperatively (77.8% versus 62.4%, p < 0.001) and postoperatively (87.6% versus 78.4%, p = 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed an optimal cutoff for preoperative NSR of 60% to predict the outcome. Patients with a preoperative NSR of >60% had a success rate of 91% (68 of 75).

Conclusions:

Revision surgery with FVFG and internal fixation is an effective and important option for treating nonunion of the femoral neck in young patients without severe preoperative shortening and neck resorption (preoperative NSR of >60%).

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Acquired Idiopathic Stiffness After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tibbo Meagan E. , Limberg Afton K. , Salib Christopher G. , Ahmed Ahmed T. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: July 2019

Background:

Stiffness is a common reason for suboptimal clinical outcomes after primary total knee arthroplasty (pTKA). There is a lack of consensus regarding its definition, which is often conflated with its histopathologic subcategory—i.e., arthrofibrosis. There is value in refining the definition of acquired idiopathic stiffness in an effort to select for patients with arthrofibrosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish a consensus definition of acquired idiopathic stiffness, determine its prevalence after pTKA, and identify potential risk factors for its development.

Methods:

MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), and Scopus databases were searched from 2002 to 2017. Studies that included patients with stiffness after pTKA were screened with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to isolate the subset of patients with acquired idiopathic stiffness unrelated to known extrinsic or surgical causes. Three authors independently assessed study eligibility and risk of bias and collected data. Outcomes of interest were then analyzed according to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).

Results:

In the 35 included studies (48,873 pTKAs), the mean patient age was 66 years. In 63% of the studies, stiffness was defined as a range of motion of <90° or a flexion contracture of >5° at 6 to 12 weeks postoperatively. The prevalence of acquired idiopathic stiffness after pTKA was 4%, and this did not differ according to age (4%, I2= 95%, among patients <65 years old and 5%, I2= 96%, among those ≥65 years old; p = 0.238). The prevalence of acquired idiopathic stiffness was significantly lower in males (1%, I2= 85%) than females (3%, I2= 95%) (p < 0.0001) as well as in patients with a BMI of <30 kg/m2(2%, I2= 94%) compared with those with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2(5%, I2= 97%) (p = 0.027).

Conclusions:

Contemporary literature supports the following definition for acquired idiopathic stiffness: a range of motion of <90° persisting for >12 weeks after pTKA in patients in the absence of complicating factors including preexisting stiffness. The mean prevalence of acquired idiopathic stiffness after pTKA was 4%; females and obese patients were at increased risk.

Level of Evidence:

TherapeuticLevel IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.