bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WELDONNet: Weighted Ensemble DenseNet121, MobileNetV2, and NASNetMobile to improve skin lesion diseases classification
Authors: SUTAJI Deni , YILDIZ Oktay
Published: July 2023

Skin cancer is classified as an aggressive type of cancer spreading quickly to other organs and tissues. Thus, inappropriate detection of the condition might lead to mortality. Melanoma is the most lethal variety, as it can extend to all human body parts. Early detection by dermatologists is, however, challenging in terms of consistency and timing. Hence, CAD systems have been utilized. Yet, the problems often encountered include class imbalance and noise. Therefore, the present authors propose a new method for detecting multi-class skin lesions by employing weighted ensemble convolutional neural networks (CNN). This study consisted of several steps, firstly, up-sampling and down-sampling of datasets were implemented to overcome the class imbalance problem, and image resizing was performed to scale down the image pixels in order to decrease noise. Secondly, the 20-layered and pre-trained CNN models were introduced. Particularly in the 20-layered model, the three fully connected layers were evaluated before the classification layer. Further, the last block layers were applied for the pre-trained model to obtain more specific features from the skin lesion images. Lastly, the weighted ensemble approach was conducted to improve classification performance. The observed results on the HAM10000 dataset indicate that the proposed strategy has improved an accuracy by 0.43% and 2.99% for 20-layered and pre-trained CNNs, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed WELDONNet model outperformed other CNNs with an accuracy of 99.36%. In sum, the proposed model was applicable to be implemented as a reference for skin cancer early detection systems as well as for prospective further research.
Identification of adaptable sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) genotypes using yield performance and multiple-traits index
Authors: Baraki Fiseha , Gebregergis Zenawi , Belay Yirga , Teame Goitom , Gebremedhin Zerabruk , Berhe Muez , Fisseha Dawit , Gebregergs Gebremedhn
Published: July 2023

Sunflower is the most important oil crop ranked as fourth edible oil in the world. The study was conducted in Northern Ethiopia during 2017–2019 cropping seasons using randomized completely block design with three replications. The objective was to decipher the genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI) in multi-environment trials (MET) and identify adaptable sunflower genotypes. Combined ANOVA, AMMI ANOVA and Eberhart and Rusell regression were analyzed, and GGE bi-plots, AMMI1 and AMMI2 bi-plots, Principal component Analysis (PCA), multi-trait genotype–ideotype distance index (MGIDI), correlation network plot for sunflower traits were sketched. AMMI stability measures, Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) based indexes; parametric and non-parametric statistics were computed using R-statistical software. In the AMMI ANOVA the main effects of the environment (E) (54.18% SS), genotype (G) (16.9% SS) and GEI (23.50% SS) were significant (p < 0.001). The genotypic Likely-hood Ratio Test revealed significant for all traits. The AMMI bi-plot and the GGE bi-plots selected G10 and G2 as the most adaptable genotypes. CV, HMGV, RPGV, HMRPGV, Pi, GAI, KRS, S(3) and S(6) also identified G10 as the most stable genotype. Based on the MGIDI, G10 (MGIDI = 1.45) and G5 (MGIDI = 2.19) are selected and these genotypes are recommended for further cultivation in Tigray.
On the Integral Solution of Hyperbolic Kepler's Equation
Authors: Calvo Manuel , Elipe Antonio , Randez Luis
Published: July 2023

In a recent paper of Philcox, Goodman and Slepian, the solution of elliptic Kepler's equation is given as a quotient of twocontour integrals along a Jordan curve that contains in their interior the unique real solution of elliptic Kepler's equation and does not include other complex zeroes.
In this paper we show that a similar explicit integral solution can be given for the hyperbolic Kepler's equation. With this purpose, we carry out a study of the complex zeros of the hyperbolic Kepler's equation in order to define suitable Jordan contours in the integrals. Even more, we show that appropriate elliptic Jordan contours can be defined for such integrals, which reduces the computing time. Moreover, following the ideas of the Fast Fourier Trnasform (FFT) algorithm, these integrals can be approximated by the composite trapezoidal rule which gives an algorithm with spectral convergence as a function of the number of nodes.
The results of some numerical experiments are presented to show that this implementation is a reliable and very accurate algorithm for solving the hyperbolic Kepler's equation.
A novel immune-related lncRNA as a predictor of survival in HER2+ breast cancer screened via bioinformatics analyses
Authors: Li Xinwei , Meng Yue , Gu Bing
Published: July 2023

Background
HER2+ breast cancer is highly malignant with a poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs have been shown to play an significant role in the progression and prognosis of breast cancer, especially in tumor associated immune processes. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain differentially expressed immune-related lncRNAs by bioinformatics analysis to provide novel diagnostic and prognostic targets for HER2+ breast cancer.
Methods
We downloaded breast cancer patient samples and corresponding clinical data from the TCGA database and downloaded Immune gene data from the Immport database. We performed a separate screen for differentially expressed lncRNAs and differentially expressed immune related genes. The immune-related differential lncRNAs were screened by Pearson correlation analysis.ROC curves were constructed for the immune-related differential lncRNAs, and diagnostic lncRNAs were obtained based on AUC values. The prognostic biomarker was subjected to correlation analysis with clinicopathological features, analysis of subcellular localization, and analysis of immune infiltration. We also constructed a lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network and a ceRNA network for the biomarker and performed a functional enrichment analysis for the associated mRNA.
Results
There were 22 total differential lncRNAs and 23 total differential immune genes, of which 19 differential lncRNAs were associated with immune genes. 13 of the 19 immune-related lncRNAs were found to have good diagnostic value, and one lncRNA (CTC-537E7.2) was found to be significantly associated with overall survival time as a prognostic biomarker. Subsequent analysis demonstrated significant differences in biomarkers across clinicopathological features. Biomarkers were expressed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. In addition, four immune cells were associated with it. Lastly, signaling pathways related to macrophage polarization such as the Jak-STAT signaling pathway were enriched.
Conclusion
CTC-537E7.2 was selected as a candidate prognostic biomarker for HER2+ breast cancer based on bioinformatic analysis.
CEBPB promotes the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension by transforming smooth muscle cell into myofibroblast
Authors: Yu Wande , Pan Chang , Chen qianqian , Wang yi , zhang mengyu , yue Gu , peng Ye , zheng yaguo , shaoliang Chen , hang Zhang
Published: July 2023

Myofibroblast promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling by secreting extracellular matrix and enhancing fibrosis, leading to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We analyzed single cell sequencing data of lung tissues from PAH and control groups in GEO database and identified myofibroblast from smooth muscle cell (SMC). By comparing transcriptomic profiles of SMC and myofibroblast with SCENIC, We found that CEBPB may regulate marker genes in the transformation of SMC into myofibroblast. Besides, the protein levels of CEBPB in PAH was increasing. Knockdown of CCAAT box enhancer binding protein-B (CEBPB) inhibited the abnormal proliferation and migration of PASMC from PAH rats or under hypoxia, accompanied by downregulation of fibroblast related marker genes in PASMC. Subsequently, we achieved smooth muscle specific knockdown of CEBPB by injecting adeno-associated virus (AAVs) carrying CEBPB siRNA into Tagln-cre heterozygote mouse 2 weeks before constructing PAH model. Smooth muscle specific knockdown of CEBPB significantly alleviated lung tissue and pulmonary vascular fibrosis of PAH models. Further more, smooth muscle specific knockdown of CEBPB decreased right ventricular systolic pressure and inhibited pulmonary vascular remodeling. The current study reveals the regulatory role of CEBPB in PAH and provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of PAH.
Associations of dichlorophenol with metabolic syndrome based on multivariate-adjusted logistic regression: A U.S. nationwide population-based study 2003-2016
Authors: Jing Cai , Yang Zhichao , Zhao Sen , Ke Xing
Published: July 2023

Background Para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) exposure associated with oxidative stress has indeed raised public concerns. However, whether p-DCB is linked with metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the associations of exposure to p-DCB with MetS prevalence. Methods We included 10,428 participants (5,084 men and 5,344 women) adults (aged ≥ 20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2016). The cases of MetS were diagnosed by NCEP/ATPIII. Logistic regression models were conducted to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of MetS prevalence. Results We documented 2,861 (27.1%) MetS cases. After adjustment for the potential risk factors, the ORs (95% CI) of MetS prevalence across the quartile of urinary 2,5-dichlorophenol (2,5-DCP) were 1.09 (0.93–1.28), 1.22 (1.00-1.49), and 1.34 (1.04–1.73). Moreover, 2,5 DCP is significantly associated with a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity. We further examined that 2,5 DCP was correlated with higher systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and glycohemoglobin and a lower high density cholesterol. In addition, the significant positive associations between 2,5 DCP and MetS were robust in the subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusion These findings indicated that increased urinary p-DCB concentration, especially 2,5 DCP, had a higher MetS prevalence.
Central Obesity, Body Mass Index, Metabolic Syndrome and Mortality in Mediterranean Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Crispo Anna , Augustin Livia Silvia , Luongo Assunta , Calderaio Claudia , Breda Joao , Coluccia Sergio , Calabrese Alessandra , Marrazzo Vittorio , Giannatiempo Rosa , Trasacco Paola , Palumbo Elvira , Vitale Sara , Porciello Giuseppe , Gennaro Piergiacomo Di , Caputo Roberta , Buono Giuseppe , Vernieri Claudio , Schettini Francesco , Grimaldi Maria , Nocerino Flavia , Celentano Egidio , Amore Alfonso , Giuliano Mario , De Placido Pietro , De Angelis Carmine , Bianco Roberto , De Laurentiis Michelino , Vecchia Carlo La , Arpino Grazia
Published: July 2023

Background: Obesity and metabolic disorders have been associated with poorer outcomes in many cohorts
of breast cancer (BC) patients, with poor evidence from Mediterranean cohorts. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prognostic potential of anthropometric variables in early BC patients living in a Southern region of Italy.
Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 955 consecutive early BC patients treated at the Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori “G. Pascale” and at the University Hospital “Federico II”, Naples, Italy, between January 2009 and December 2013. Median follow-up was 11.8 years and ended on June 15th 2022. Anthropometric measurements and indices namely body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), as well as Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components, were collected. All-cause and BC-specific mortality were calculated.

Results: Mean age was 55.3 years (±12.5 years); 61% of patients were post-menopausal. At data cut-off, 208 (22%) patients had died, 131 (14%) of whom from BC. Obesity was found in 29% of patients. High WC or WHR and the presence of MetS were associated with a moderately increased risk of all-cause mortality (WC ≥ 88 cm, HR=1.39, 95%CI:1.00-1.94; WHR > 0.85, HR=1.62, 95%CI:1.12-2.37; MetS, HR=1.61, 95%CI:1.12-2.32). An increased BC-specific mortality risk was found in obese patients (HR=1.72, 95%CI:1.06-2.78), in those with WC ≥88 (HR=1.71, 95%CI:1.12-2.61)and in those with high WHR, both when evaluated as a categorical variable (WHR>0.85, HR=1.80, 95%CI:1.13-2.86) and as a continuous variable (for each 0.1-U increase in WHR, HR=1.33, 95%CI:1.08-1.63) as well as the presence of MetS (HR=1.81, 95%CI:1.51-2.85). These associations varied according to menopausal status and BC subtype.
Conclusions: Central obesity significantly increased total and BC-specific mortality particularly in pre-menopausal women, while in post-menopause the MetS was a stronger risk factor. These associations were significant mainly in luminal subtypes while no relevant findings were observed in TNBC. The magnitude of risk suggests that obesity and the presence of the MetS or its single components may nullify the benefit of effective BC therapies. Active lifestyle intervention studies should be encouraged for several expected beneficial effects.
Solving Partial Derivation Equations in Detail in Double- Rotor Flux Switching Permanent Magnet with H-Shape Stator Machines to Obtain Magnetic Flux Density
Authors: Shirzad Ehsan
Published: July 2023

In this paper, aim is turning double-rotor flux switching permanent magnet with H-shape stator machine (DRFSPMWHSSMs) into mathematical equations via Maxwell relations to provide a 3-quasi model for calculating flux density at arbitrary point of DRFSPMWHSSMs. Remarkable reason for opting this type of machine is 2 rotors can be energized only by integrated stator that is an obstacle against squandering core loss. Merging reluctance and permanent magnet machine into a configuration has high advantages like receiving appropriate power density in low volume of geometric structure. The model implemented in this article can be answerable for the entire distinct mentioned machine with the different number of teethes. After extracting equations, comparison between numerical method and this analytical model for efficacy of analytical model is done.
Ionic solvent shell drives electroactuation in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors
Authors: Cramer Tobias , Bonafè Filippo , Decataldo Francesco , Fraboni Beatrice
Published: July 2023

The conversion of electrochemical processes into mechanical deformation in organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors (OMIECs) enables artificial muscle-like actuators but is also critical for degradation processes affecting OMIEC based devices. To provide a microscopic understanding of electroactuation, we introduce here the modulated electrochemical atomic force microscopy (mEC-AFM) as a novel characterization method for electroactive materials. The technique enables multidimensional spectroscopic investigations of local electroactuation and charge uptake giving access to the electroactuation transfer function. For poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) based microelectrodes we combine the spectroscopic measurements with multichannel mEC-AFM imaging, providing maps of local electroactuation amplitude and phase as well as surface morphology. Our results demonstrate that the amplitude and timescales of electroactuation are governed by the drift motion of hydrated ions. Accordingly, slower water diffusion processes are not limiting, and the results illustrate how OMIEC microactuators can operate at sub-millisecond timescales.
A Systematic Literature Review on the Relationship Between Career Commitment and Organizational Commitment: Focusing on Korean Journal Articles
Authors:   Human Engagement Institute, Jeon Hyeji , Kim Woocheol
Published: July 2023

This study divided career commitment and organizational commitment into compatible and zero-sum relationships through domestic literature analysis on the relationship between career commitment and organizational commitment. The implications and future research directions were presented by systematically analyzing related preceding variables, outcome variables, mediating variables, and regulatory variables by dividing them into two perspectives. To this end, the main results of analyzing 51 KCI-registered academic journal papers that studied the relationship between the two variables as research subjects, research variables, and research methods are as follows. First, a total of 15 studies have been confirmed to examine the effects between other variables in a zero-sum relationship between career commitment and organizational commitment. Second, 36 studies have been confirmed to examine the effects of career commitment and organizational commitment between other variables in the zero-sum relationship. Third, the two variables were classified as related preceding/mediating/regulation/result variables in the compatible relationship and zero-sum relationship, and a conceptual integrated model was presented. Based on these research results, implications and future research directions were presented.
On the Relative Importance of Landscape Color Evaluation Items for Urban Landscape Improvement
Authors:   Korea Urban & Real Estate Association, Lee Miok , Choi Joo-Young , Lee Lim-Jung
Published: July 2023

As color is a visually significant factor among the design elements that make up the urban landscape image, a landscape color plan is being established to improve the urban image through various related policies considering landscape color. This study aims to propose criteria for landscape color planning by selecting items that should be important when establishing landscape color plans that were not covered in previous studies, and analyzing the importance among evaluation items of selected evaluation items. As a result of the study, first, the evaluation items leaked from the research literature related to landscape color were reclassified and 41 items were derived through FGI. Second, 41 evaluation items were classified into 4 types, and were readjusted to 16 items through discussion and survey analysis. Third, as a result of analyzing using AHP, importance was analyzed in the order of harmony(.394)> continuity(.257)> aesthetics(.193)> symbolism(.156) in the major classification, and it was confirmed that the pairwise comparison had reasonable consistency. As a result of the relative importance analysis among evaluation items, the priority considering important weights was “: Harmony with surrounding natural environment> Harmonization with adjacent buildings> Improvement of relationship between landscape elements> Harmonious and continuous landscape”. Most of the evaluation items included in harmony rank high, and the items included in symbolism generally rank low.
p-forms on the celestial sphere
Authors: Donnay Laura , Esmaeili Erfan , Heissenberg Carlo
Published: July 2023

We construct a basis of conformal primary wavefunctions (CPWs) for pp-form fields in any dimension, calculating their scalar products and exhibiting the change of basis between conventional plane wave and CPW mode expansions. We also perform the analysis of the associated shadow transforms. For each family of pp-form CPWs, we observe the existence of pure gauge wavefunctions of conformal dimension \Delta=pΔ=p, while shadow pp-forms of this weight are only pure gauge in the critical spacetime dimension value D=2p+2D=2p+2. We then provide a systematic technique to obtain the large-rr asymptotic limit near \mathscr Iℐ based on the method of regions, which naturally takes into account the presence of both ordinary and contact terms on the celestial sphere. In D=4D=4, this allows us to reformulate in a conformal primary language the links between scalars and dual two-forms.
Connected correlations in partitioning protocols: A case study and beyond
Authors: Bocini Saverio
Published: July 2023

The assumption of local relaxation in inhomogeneous quantum quenches allows to compute asymptotically the expectation value of local observables via hydrodynamic arguments known as generalized hydrodynamics (GHD). In this work we address formally the question of when an observable is local enough to be described by GHD using the playground of partitioning protocols and non-interacting time evolution. We show that any state evolving under a quadratic Hamiltonian can be described via a set of decoupled dynamical fields such that one of those fields can be identified with a space-time-dependent generalisation of the root density. By studying the contribution to a connected spin correlation of each of those fields independently, we derive the locality conditions under which an observable can be described using the root density only. That shows both the regime of validity for hydrodynamic approaches that aim at describing the asymptotic value of observables in term of the root density only, such as GHD, and the locality conditions necessary for Gaussianification to occur.
The Positional Relationship between Lacunae and White Matter Hyperintensity
in Patients with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: An Lu , Yuan Wenxin , Wang Yunchao , Li Shanshan , Zong Ce , Gao Yuan , Li Yusheng , Wang Limei , Li Ya Peng , Ji Yan , Xu Yuming
Published: July 2023

Background:

Lacunae and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) are two crucial imaging
biomarkers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Multiple studies have revealed a close relationship
between WMH and lacunae and found that a double penumbra existed at the edge of
WMH that affects lacunae formation. The study aimed to explore the spatial distribution characteristics
and possible influencing factors of lacuna in relation to white matter hyperintensity in patients
with CSVD.

Methods:

A total of 480 CSVD patients with WMH and with or without lacunae were included.
Data about blood biochemical indicators, cerebrovascular CT angiography, 24-hour ambulatory
blood pressure and ambulatory electrocardiogram, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and transcranial
Doppler ultrasound were gathered from all subjects. They were categorised into four
groups based on the spatial interaction between lacunae and WMH. Univariate analyses and multiple
logistic regression analyses were used to compare the differences in traditional vascular risk
factors, heart rate and blood pressure indicators, arterial pulsatility index (PI) values, and arterial
stenosis among different groups.

Results:

The average age of 480 patients was (58.63 ± 11.91) years, with 347 males (72.3%). Univariate
analysis indicated that age, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, highdensity
lipoprotein, 24-hour and daytime and night systolic and diastolic blood pressure, nocturnal
heart rate, heart rate variability, PI values of ipsilateral and contralateral MCA (middle cerebral
artery) and ICA (Internal carotid artery) of the lacunae, Fazekas score of PWMH (periventricular
white matter hyperintensities), the proportion of MCA or ICA with stenosis rate over 50% on the
ipsilateral side of the lacunae were significantly different between different groups (p < 0.05). High
fasting blood glucose (OR=1.632, 95% CI= (1.128, 2.361), p =0.009), (OR=1.789, 95%CI=
(1.270, 2.520), p = 0.001), (OR=1.806, 95% CI= (1.292, 2.524), p =0.001) was identified as a risk
factor for lacunae formation by logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion:

High fasting blood glucose can be considered a risk factor for lacunae formation in
patients with WMH. The more severe the PWMH and the higher the nocturnal heart rate, the more
likely the lacunae, as well as PWMH, overlap completely. Ipsilateral arteriosclerosis and stenosis
are independent risk factors for no contact between lacunae and PWMH.
Ultrasound Diagnosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma associated with Xp11.2
Translocation/TFE3 Gene Fusion in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Deng Ling-ling , Wang Fuqian , Luan Qinhua , Liu Wei , Teng Jianbo , Ban Yongguang
Published: July 2023

Background:

Many studies have reported Xp 11.2 translocation renal cancer in radioimaging,but there is little literature on the evaluation of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma by ultrasound.

Objective:

To investigate the ultrasonographic features and diagnostic value of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion in children and adolescents.

Materials and Methods:

The clinical and ultrasonographic data of 10 patients with renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion confirmed by pathology in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The age ranged from 3 to 18 years old, including 7 males and 3 females. The tumor location, size, boundary, echo, hemorrhage, cystic change, calcification, blood flow, lymph node status and metastasis were mainly observed, and the results were compared with the pathological results.

Results:

There were 10 masses in 10 cases of renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion, including 4 in the right kidney and 6 in the left kidney; the maximum diameter line is 5-23cm; 9 cases had clear mass boundary (90%); 9 masses (90%) showed mixed cystic and solid masses with high echo of solid components, and 1 mass (10%) showed huge multilocular cystic mass with multiple septations; necrosis and cystic changes were seen in all 10 masses (100%); calcification in 5 masses (50%); blood flow signals were seen in the solid components of the mass (100%).

Conclusion:

Renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion in children and adolescents are mostly large cystic and solid mixed echo masses, with high echo of solid components, and often accompanied by cystic changes and calcification. Its ultrasonic manifestations have certain characteristics. Color Doppler ultrasound has a certain diagnostic value for this disease.
Multi-slice CT Analysis and Identification of Anatomical Types of Segmental
Bronchi in Right Superior Lobe
Authors: Javed Saeed , Mei Yixuan , Zhang Yi , Wan Dian , Liu Hailan , Liu Cheng , Liu Shuwei
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

The aims were to assess different branching patterns of segmental bronchi in the right superior lobe (RSL), as well as to investigate the anatomical diversity and sex-related variations of these branches in a large sample of the research population.

Methods:

10,000 participants (5428 males, and 4,572 females, mean age 50+/-13.5 years [SD] years; age range: 3-91 years) who underwent multi-slice CT (MSCT) scans from September 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively included. The data were applied to generate three-dimensional (3D) and virtual bronchoscopy (VB) simulations of a bronchial tree using the syngo.via post-processing workstation. Following that, the reconstructed images were interpreted to identify and categorize various bronchial patterns in the RSL. Cross-tabulation analysis and the Pearson chi-square test (χ2) were used to calculate the component ratios of bronchial branch types and determine their relevance between male and female groups.

Results:

Our results revealed mainly six types for the RSL bronchial tree, i.e., (B1, B2, B3, 60.70%); (B1+2, B3, 18.72%); (B2+3, B1, 6.68%); (B1+3, B2, 7.57%); (B1, B2, B3, B*, 3.19%); (B1a+B3, B1b+B2, 3.14%). There were significant sex-related differences in the proportion of bronchial branches in the RSL (P< 0.05).

Conclusion:

The current study has validated the presence of segmental bronchial variations in the RSL. These findings may have significant implications for diagnosing symptomatic patients and performing particular procedures, including bronchoscopy, endotracheal intubation, and lung resection.
Relationship of the Characteristic Imaging Findings of Breast Cancer with
Molecular Subtypes in Young Women
Authors: Temel Emirhan , Elverici Eda , Sarı Engin , Özsoy Arzu , Akbaş Doğan Mutlu , Kulaçoğlu Sezer
Published: July 2023

Background:

The characteristic imaging findings of breast cancer in young women are not yet fully understood. It causes a delay in diagnosis by mixing with benign findings.

Objective:

To evaluate the relationship between the imaging and histopathological features of breast cancer in women aged under 40 years.

Methods:

In our center, 537 suspicious lesions were detected in a total of 15,223 adult female patients under 40 years who were evaluated by breast ultrasonography (US). As a result of the mammographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analysis, 101 lesions meeting the study criteria were included in the sample.

Results:

The luminal subtypes of breast cancer mostly visualized as irregularly shaped spiculated lesions with calcification and architectural distortion mammography and presented as masses that were sometimes accompanied by increased echogenicity in the surrounding tissue on US. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) enriched subtypes mostly had microlobulated or indistinct margins with heterogeneous echoes accompanied by high calcification on mammography. The triple-negative (TN) subtypes generally appeared as microlobulated lesions with angular or indistinct margins, hypo echogenicity, posterior enhancement or shadowing, and vascularization.

Conclusion:

Some radiological features of breast cancer in young women were found to be associated with molecular subtypes similar to other age groups in the literature. However, unlike other age groups, the incidences of the HER2-enriched subtype presenting with only calcification, TN subtypes presenting with circumscribed masses, and calcification were found to be low among the young women in our study.
Researches on Detection of Related Substances in Drugs
Authors: Qi Jianzhong , Wang Hongli , Dai Lu , Shi Lei , Hao Yanjun , Chen Haigang
Published: July 2023

The production of drugs is very complicated. In the process of preparation and transportation, mixing a small amount of reaction raw materials, intermediates, and storage degradation products is inevitable, which affect the quality of drugs. The quality of drugs not only affects the efficacy, but also produces unpredictable side effects and toxicity, which is directly related to people's life and health. The detection of drug quality has always been the focus of attention. Related substance research is one of the key projects in drug quality research, and its content is a direct indicator of drug purity. Therefore, it is very important to establish the content standard of drug related substances and develop the detection method of related substances. The related substances of drugs are rich in variety, with different physical and chemical properties, and the components of related substances, such as degradation products need further analysis, which makes it difficult to effectively apply the detection methods. After years of research, the detection methods of related substances are constantly updated and improved. At present, the detection methods of related substances involve physical, chemical, and other fields, including chemical methods, chromatography, and spectroscopy. In this paper, the research progress of detection methods for related substances in drugs in recent years was reviewed, and the types, features, and application scope of detection methods were summarized, providing reference for quality control of chemical synthetic drugs and traditional Chinese medicines. Therefore, this work provides new ideas for the development of more accurate and efficient detection methods.
Radioprotective Effect of Piperine, as a Major Component of Black Pepper,
Against Radiation-induced Colon Injury: Biochemical and Histological
Studies
Authors: Safarbalou Asal , Ebrahimi Fatemeh , Amiri Fereshteh Talebpour , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal
Published: July 2023

Background:

Patients undergoing radiotherapy are prone to radiation-induced gastrointestinal
injury. Piperine is an alkaloid component in black pepper with a unique chemopreventive
activity against oxidative stress-related damage in healthy tissues. The purpose of this study was to
investigate the effects of piperine on intestinal damage.

Methods:

In this study, mice were divided into eight groups: including the control, piperine (10,
25, and 50 mg/kg), radiation (6 Gy), and piperine+radiation (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg + 6 Gy) groups.
The radioprotective effects of piperine were evaluated by biochemical (MDA, GSH, and PC) and
histopathological assessments in colon tissues.

Results:

The 10 mg/kg dose of piperine significantly reduced the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers
compared to the group that received only radiation. In addition, pre-treatment with 10
mg/kg piperine diminished the histopathological changes like vascular congestion in the submucosa,
while the dose of 50 mg/kg led to the infiltration of inflammatory cells.

Conclusion:

Based on this study, it is concluded that piperine, at low dose, with its antioxidant
properties, could reduce the colon damage caused by radiation.
Biocatalytic Attributes of Laccase and its Applications in Bioremediation
Authors: Sharma Divya , Sharma Manisha , Sehgal Rutika , Borkar Sunita , Gupta Reena
Published: July 2023

Laccases are proteins with multiple copper atoms that utilize molecular oxygen to catalyze
the oxidation of organic compounds by a radical-catalyzed mechanism. They are the main focus
of researchers due to their varied applications, for example, waste detoxification, textile transformation,
and biosensor applications. Laccases help in the degradation of xenobiotics, such as polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, and chlorinated phenolics. They are used to bleach textiles
and decolorize dyes. They also play a bioremediatory role in the pulp and paper industry for
the detoxification of effluent.

:

Moreover, laccases help in the removal of detrimental micropollutants, such as nonylphenol and bisphenol
A. They also degrade wastewater contaminants, such as 2-hydroxybiphenyl, naproxen, and
diethyl phthalate. The remarkable biocatalytic attributes of laccases, coupled with their wide range
of applications, make them a promising solution for the treatment of pollutants and contaminants.
Evidence-Based Potential Leads for Antimalarial Drug Development: An Insight into Classical Ayurveda Treatment
Authors: Mahajon Bidhan , Nath Rupashri , Chakraborty Raja , Bora Manajit , Sen Saikat , Kumar Dey Biplab , Kumar Gautam Manish
Published: July 2023

Ayurveda is not merely a branch of medicine; this is a 'knowledge system'
that deals with the unremitting association between the living and its contiguous
environment to maintain the state of equilibrium and health of human beings as well as
the environment. Historical records suggest Malaria has infected humans since the
early commencement of mankind. Human Malaria is caused by single-cell protozoan
parasites present in the Plasmodium genus, which is transmitted through the bite of
female mosquitoes, Anopheles. The World malaria report (WMR) 2019 estimates that
globally, there were estimated 228 million cases of Malaria in 89 countries. According
to the WMR 2019, India represents 3% of the global malaria burden. In Ayurveda,
Malaria is well thought-out under the portrayal of Vishama Jvara (irregular), which
means 'irregular' in every aspect, including- its origin, symptoms, and periodicity. This
is generally involved in the rasa dhatu (nourishment tissues), and irregularly attacks
the body to manifest the symptoms. Hence, even if the fever subsides, the patient feels
fatigued, heavy and exhausted. These signs and symptoms of Vishama Jvara are
classically reverberating with conventional malarial fever, wherein the fever subsides
and reappears at fixed intervals. This feature of the fever is described in Ayurveda as
Muktaanubandhitvam (reappearing at regular intervals). To date, no effective vaccines
are commercially available to prevent this endemic crisis. Research-based traditional
knowledge system has significantly contributed by yielding two potent antimalarial
drugs: alkaloid quinine derived from the bark of Trinayanani (Cinchona tree) and
artemisinin derived from the plant Damanaka (Artemisia annua L.). In the midst of
increasing problems of drug resistance along with difficulties in affording and accessing effective antimalarial drugs in underprivileged areas, therefore traditional
medicines like Ayurveda have become an important and sustainable source of
treatment of Malaria. The present review focused on evidence-based potential leads in
Ayurveda for the treatment as well as drug development for Malaria. The information
from different classical texts along with research papers, including books, journals and
documents of different universities and institutes, has been collected and analyzed for
the evidence-based lead on different single and multidrug plant-based formulations
used for Malaria.
Acellular Strategy of Functional Biomaterials for Tissue Wound Healing
Authors: Salleh Atiqah , Zulkiflee Izzat , Phang Shou Jin , Fauzi Mh Busra Mohd , Maarof Manira
Published: July 2023

The skin is known as the largest organ in the human body as it functions to
regulate the temperature in the human body and acts as the first-line defence. The skin
consists of two layers: the epidermis (the outer layer of skin) and dermis layers (the
inner layer of the skin) occupied by specific skin cells. Whenever the skin barrier is
compromised, the skin heals following four phases: haemostasis, inflammation,
proliferation, and remodelling. Wound healing takes a few weeks for acute wounds,
however it takes a longer period to heal chronic wounds. Chronic wound complication
extends the inflammation phases during the wound healing process and becomes a
significant problem in the healthcare field. Therefore, various treatments were
produced to reduce the healing time in chronic wounds and produce less scarring.
Acellular treatments have gained attention in wound healing research as these
treatments have a lower risk of rejection and are easily obtained through nature or lab.
Acellular treatments include growth factors, bioactive molecules, and peptides that are
clinically proven to have faster healing time and reduce scarring as these treatments are
readily available in the market. Biomaterials have become a novel study in wound
healing research due to their vast potential as alternative treatments for skin wound
healing. Therefore, the chapter discussed the acellular strategies for tissue wound
healing.
Engineering Skin for Wound Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Atanasov Aleksandar , Moakes Richard , David Metcalfe Anthony
Published: July 2023

Skin tissue engineering requires a multidisciplinary effort, reflecting the
complexity of the organ that it attempts to replace after loss due to injury, trauma or as
a consequence of diseases. Skin substitution aims to achieve complete closure of the
existing defect and restoration of the normal function of the tissue. The major challenge
faced whilst attempting to achieve such outcomes is successfully recapitulating the
complex biology, chemistry and mechanical environments within native skin. Although
major advances have been made to include biological entities (cells, biomolecules,
small molecules) into engineered substrates to promote biological responses, the role
that the substrate itself provides is often overlooked. In this chapter, we consider what
might be required so that successful skin substitution post-trauma can be routinely
achieved. This will require that researchers from different disciplines collaborate to
ensure that not only should the cell types and matrices be carefully chosen, but in
parallel, the resultant mechanical parameters need to be considered in the design
process. We postulate that an engineering approach is required to recapitulate the skin
by driving native healing pathways, ultimately creating a system where the synergistic
effects are greater than simply the sum of its parts; where each partial component
reflects various aspects of the human biology (cells, annexal structures, etc.), chemistry
(materials, gradients, etc.) and physics (mechanics, etc.).
Approximate Calculations of Induction Motor Equivalent T-Shaped Circuit Parameters with the Use of Catalogue Data
Authors: Pustovetov Mikhail , Shukhmin Konstantin , Goolak Sergey , Matijošius Jonas , Kravchenko Kateryna
Published: July 2023

This chapter is dedicated to an algorithm of approximate calculations of
three-phase induction motor equivalent T-shaped circuit parameters such as resistances
and inductances. These calculations are conducted with the use of catalog or reference
book data containing information related to rated shaft power, angular speed or slip,
efficiency, power factor, line RMS voltage and the ratio of starting to rated currents.
An Improvement of the Induction Traction Motor's Mathematical Model at Asymmetry of Stator Windings
Authors: Goolak Sergey
Published: July 2023

The author proposes an improved version of the mathematical and computer
model of a three-phase induction motor in the three-phase braked coordinates (in the
three-phase stator reference frame), which proves the correctness of the starter winding
asymmetry considerations in electrical machines. The chapter presents the parameters
and characteristics of an induction traction motor type STA-1200 manufactured in
Ukraine. A comparative analysis of the simulation results for intact and damaged
motors has been carried out.
Dentures: A hope for Disaster Victim Identification
Authors: Nuzzolese Emilio
Published: July 2023

All dental data offer information for a timely, cheap, and effective human
identification process. Dental autopsy and dental data-analysis can be pivotal in
disaster victim identification to such an extent that failure to employ odontologists can
reduce additional findings and delays in the DVI process. Partial and full dentures
found-alongside the remains can offer information on the dental history, the material
employed, dietary and sociocultural information, and when jaws are fragmented or
disarticulated, offer a possible technical response on the number of individuals
involved. Particularly relevant are the printed palatal rugae in the palatal surface of the
upper denture. An individual wearing one or two full dentures is obviously totally
edentulous. In the upper, lower, or both jaws, family members living together will
surely be aware of this circumstance. In the interview for the collection of antemortem
dental data, they were asked specifically about any dental prosthetics or orthotics worn
or used by the deceased. Greater emphasis should be placed on recording and archiving
patients’ oral health data, including material specifications of fixed and removable
prosthetics, encouraging the use of digital and electronic oral health records and
international collaboration in the DVIscenario, and employing teleconsultation tools.
Bite Marks: A Pragmatic Approach in Identification
Authors: Kumar Gahlot Jayant , Sawhney Hemant
Published: July 2023

Teeth can be used as a weapon when an individual tries to harm another, or
can be used by the victim attempting to protect themselves from an attacker. Bite marks
are a clinical representation of intraoral structures (tooth and other soft tissues) on any
object by an animal or human. Bite mark assessment can play a critical role in the
identification of persons in forensic-related cases. Bite marks are usually found in
various crime scenes, such as sexual assault, rape, murder, cases of child abuse and
during sports activities. This chapter reviews the basics of the bite mark pattern,
characteristics, and significance of bite marks in forensic science to solve crimes.
In Vitro Evaluation of Cytotoxicity Effect of Ihau Fruit Extract (Dimocarpus longan var. Malesianus Leenh.) on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Rahmawati Irma Sarita , Dyanti Ghina Putri , Widyanto Rahma Micho , Maulidiana Annisa Rizky , Nabila Wyna , Purwestri Ratna Chrismiari
Published: July 2023

Cancer prevalence is steadily increasing each year and becomes the second leading cause of death worldwide. In Indonesia, breast cancer had a prevalence of 16.7% in 2018. Free radicals contribute to the occurrence of breast cancer, while antioxidants play a vital role in protecting cells and repairing the damage caused by free radicals. Ihau, an endemic fruit in Kalimantan Island, contains phytochemical compounds with potential antioxidant and anticancer properties. Utilizing local food as natural antioxidants could serve as an alternative for breast cancer prevention and treatment. This study aims to assess the anticancer potential of Ihau fruit extract on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. A post-test-only control group design method using the MTT assay was used, with two treatment groups: water and 96% ethanol extract, and four different concentrations (125, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm), and each was replicated three times. Statistical analysis using the ANOVA test found no significant difference among all concentrations. The IC50 values of the cytotoxic activity of water and ethanol extracts were 1,197.7 ppm and 1,148 ppm, respectively. It can be concluded that both water and ethanol extract of Ihau fruit exhibited very weak cytotoxic activity.
Effect of Brown Rice Intervention on BMI and Waist Circumference in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Permatasari Dea Intan , Sutjiati Endang , Sulistyowati Etik
Published: July 2023

Brown rice, derived from white rice with the removal of the husk, contains higher dietary fiber and a lower glycemic index than regular white rice. These advantages can be an alternative diet for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease ranked as the fourth leading cause of death in the world, often associated with obesity. In addition, insulin insensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes leads to increased hunger (polyphagia) and overeating, resulting in increasing BMI and waist circumference. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the brown rice diet intervention on BMI and waist circumference of patients with type 2 diabetes. This study was a pre-experimental study without control variables and the sample was not selected randomly, using a one-group pretest-posttest design with a 3-month intervention. Data analysis in this study used the Shapiro-Wilk normality test followed by the paired t-test to determine the difference between two paired samples. The statistical results showed significant changes in BMI and abdominal circumference (p = 0.002 and p = 0.008, respectively). In conclusion, there are differences in BMI and abdominal circumference of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after the intervention of a brown rice-based diet menu.