bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach to Vaccine Development: Concomitant Pathogen Inactivation and Host Immune Stimulation by Peroxynitrite
Authors: Rotem Shahar , Bar-Haim Erez , Elia Uri , Cohen Hila , Lazar Shirley , Cohen Ofer , Chitlaru Theodor , Gal Yoav
Published: September 2022

The design of efficient vaccines for long-term protective immunity against pathogens represents an objective of utmost public health priority. In general, live attenuated vaccines are considered to be more effective than inactivated pathogens, yet potentially more reactogenic. Accordingly, inactivation protocols which do not compromise the pathogen’s ability to elicit protective immunity are highly beneficial. One of the sentinel mechanisms of the host innate immune system relies on the production of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), which efficiently inactivate pathogens. Peroxynitrite (PN) is a prevalent RNI, assembled spontaneously upon the interaction of nitric oxide (NO) with superoxide. PN exerts its bactericidal effect by via the efficient oxidation of a broad range of biological molecules. Furthermore, the interaction of PN with proteins results in structural/chemical modifications, such as the oxidation of tryptophan, tyrosine, and cysteine residues, as well as the formation of carbonyl, dityrosine, and nitrotyrosine (NT). In addition to their role in innate immunity, these PN-mediated modifications of pathogen components may also augment the antigenicity of pathogen peptides and proteins, hence contributing to specific humoral responses. In the study reported here, a novel approach for vaccine development, consisting of pathogen inactivation by PN, combined with increased immunity of NT-containing peptides, is implemented as a proof-of-concept for vaccination against the intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis). In vivo experiments in a murine model of tularemia confirm that PN-inactivated F. tularensis formulations may rapidly stimulate innate and adaptive immune cells, conferring efficient protection against a lethal challenge, superior to that elicited by bacteria inactivated by the widely used formalin treatment.
Vaccine Hesitancy: Contemporary Issues and Historical Background
Authors: Nuwarda Rina Fajri , Ramzan Iqbal , Weekes Lynn , Kayser Veysel
Published: September 2022

Vaccination, despite being recognized as one of the most effective primary public health measures, is viewed as unsafe and unnecessary by an increasing number of individuals. Anxiety about vaccines and vaccination programs leading to vaccine hesitancy results from a complex mix of social and political influences, cultural and religious beliefs, the availability of and ability to interpret health and scientific information, and personal and population experiences of health systems and government policies. Vaccine hesitancy is becoming a serious threat to vaccination programs, and was identified as one of the World Health Organization’s top ten global health threats in 2019. The negative impact of anti-vaccination movements is frequently cited as one of the major reasons for rising vaccine hesitancy amongst the general public world-wide. This review discusses the various issues surrounding vaccine hesitancy and the anti-vaccine movement, starting with the definitions of vaccine hesitancy and the anti-vaccine movement in their early history and in the modern era, before discussing the key drivers of vaccine hesitancy, particularly across different regions of the world, with a focus on various countries with low-, middle-, or high-income economies with different socio-economic populations. The review concludes with the impact of vaccine hesitancy on herd immunity and social, psychological, and public health measures to counter vaccine hesitancy.
Long-Term Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care Workers: Effectiveness of Homologous and Heterologous Regimens and Their Relation to Systemic Vaccine-Associated Symptoms
Authors: Kierkegaard Helene , Røge Birgit Thorup , Nissen Amanda , Madsen Jonna Skov
Published: September 2022

This prospective study provides data on the long-term humoral immunogenicity of a heterologous off-label vaccine regimen combining the adenoviral-vectored ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 from Astra-Zeneca (ChAd) with the mRNA-1273 vaccine from Moderna (m1273) in comparison with two different homologous mRNA vaccine schedules. Of the 316 COVID-19 naïve adult health care workers (HCW) included to complete a survey on vaccine-associated symptoms (VAS), 197 had received the homologous BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine from Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT/BNT), 76 the homologous m1273/m1273, and 43 the heterologous ChAd/m1273 vaccine regimen. The concentration of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in plasma 5–7 months after the second vaccine dose was higher in the m1273/m1273 and ChAd/m1273 than the BNT/BNT vaccine group. The frequency of systemic VAS after the first vaccine dose was 86% after ChAd compared with 35% and 39% after BNT and m1273, respectively (p < 0.0001), and after the second vaccine dose, the highest (89%) in the m1273/m1273 group (p < 0.001). Individuals with systemic VAS achieved higher levels of antibodies irrespective of vaccine regimen. In conclusion, VAS serve as a strong predictor of long-term humoral immune response, and the heterologous ChAd/m1273 vaccine regimen provides an at least equal long-term humoral immune response compared with the standard vaccine regimens used in Denmark.
Effect of Rill Development on Slope Erosion and Sediment Yield Based on Stereophotogrammetry Technology
Authors: Zuo Zilin , Wang Hui , Ding Shuwen , Wu Yijin
Published: September 2022

Rill erosion is an important kind of slope erosion and the main source of sediment. Through simulated rainfall tests, the morphological characteristics of rill were quantified by stereophotogrammetry technology, and the relationship between rill development and sediment yield was studied. The results show that there was a positive correlation between sediment yield and slope and rainfall intensities. With the increase in rainfall duration, sediment yield first increased sharply and then decreased gradually after reaching the peak value, until it reached dynamic stability. With the increase in rainfall intensity and slope, the length, width, and number of rills increased significantly, with a maximum length of 2.58 m and a maximum width and depth of 9.7 and 2.2 cm. The rill density (RD) increased from 16.67% to 62.65%; rill fragmentation degree (RFD) increased from 16.67% to 100.00%; rill complexity (RC) increased from 10.62% to 30.84%, and rill width–depth ratio (RWDR) decreased from 15.82% to 56.28% with the increase in slope from 6° to 15° and rainfall intensity from 2.0 to 3.0 mm/min. There was a good nonlinear relationship between sediment yield and RC and RWDR (R2 = 0.89, NSE = 0.85, n = 10). This study could provide help for the quantification research of rill erosion mechanisms and provide reference for the measurement and scale transformations of soil erosion at different scales.
Nutrient Dynamics and Ecosystem Metabolism of Megacity Rivers: Influence of Elevated Nutrient Concentrations in Beijing’s Waterways
Authors: Zhang Meng , Francis Robert A. , Chadwick Michael A.
Published: September 2022

This study evaluated nutrient flux (nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), phosphate (PO43−), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the sediment-water interface and river ecosystem metabolism (REM) to investigate how these ecological functions vary in Beijing’s urban waterways. Three tributaries of the River Beiyun were selected. Water quality varied across the study sites as each receives a mixture of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents and tributary inflows. A chamber technique was applied where water-specific nutrient concentrations were measured at two exposure times (3 and 10 min). Under the actions of physical and biological processes, NO3− and NH4+ flux was primarily controlled by equilibrium concentration and the N-cycle. However, bioabsorption appeared to regulate DOC flux. Specifically, NO3− flux ranged from −0.31 to +0.30 mg/(m2·s), NH4+ was −0.01 to +0.05 mg/(m2·s), PO43− was −0.01 to +0.01 mg/(m2·s), DOC was −0.04 to +0.13 mg/(m2·s). We applied the nighttime slope regression to estimate gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER). Except in summer, net ecosystem production (GPP+ER) less than 0 indicated heterotrophic study reaches. Structural equation modelling revealed that nutrient dynamics and water temperature were the primary factors driving REM. Our study provides the needed systems-based understanding of vital ecological processes to improve in-stream management.
India’s Contribution to Greenhouse Gas Emission from Freshwater Ecosystems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mondal Bipradeep , Bauddh Kuldeep , Kumar Amit , Bordoloi Nirmali
Published: September 2022

In the modern era, due to urbanization, industrialization, and anthropogenic activities in the catchment, greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions from freshwater ecosystems received scientific attention because of global warming and future climate impacts. A developing country such as India contributes a huge share (4% of global) of GHGs from its freshwater ecosystems (e.g., rivers, lakes, reservoirs) to the atmosphere. This is the first comprehensive review dealing with the GHG emissions from Indian freshwater bodies. Literature reveals that the majority of GHG from India is emitted from its inland water, with 19% of CH4 flux and 56% of CO2 flux. A large part of India’s gross domestic product (GDP) is manipulated by its rivers. As a matter of fact, 117.8 Tg CO2 year−1 of CO2 is released from its major riverine waters. The potential of GHG emissions from hydropower reservoirs varies between 11–52.9% (mainly CH4 and CO2) because of spatio-temporal variability in the GHG emissions. A significant contribution was also reported from urban lakes, wetlands, and other inland waters. Being a subtropical country, India is one of the global GHG hotspots, having the highest ratio (GHG: GDP) of 1301.79. However, a large portion of India’s freshwater has not been considered yet, and there is a need to account for precise regional carbon budgets. Therefore, in this review, GHG emissions from India’s freshwater bodies, drivers behind GHG emissions (e.g., pH, mean depth, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients), and long-term climatic risks are thoroughly reviewed. Besides research gaps, future directions and mitigation measures are being suggested to provide useful insight into the carbon dynamics (sink/source) and control of GHG emissions.
Rainfall Threshold for Shallow Landslide Triggering Due to Rising Water Table
Authors: Troncone Antonello , Pugliese Luigi , Conte Enrico
Published: September 2022

In the present study, a simple-to-use method is proposed for a preliminary prediction of the occurrence of shallow landslides (generally, with a thickness of 1–2 m) due to rainfall. This method can be used when a water table forms within the slope or the existing groundwater level rises due to rain infiltration, resulting in an increase in the pore water pressure. A relationship is also provided to establish when these conditions occur and the method can consequently be used. The proposed method combines a simplified solution to evaluate the change in pore water pressure within the slope due to infiltration, with the simple scheme of infinite slope to calculate a critical value of the pore water pressure that determines the incipient failure condition of the slope. In this way, a threshold curve can be also determined to readily assess whether a rainfall event with expected intensity and duration is capable of causing a slope failure at a given depth, where the initial pore water pressure is known. The method is completely analytical and only requires a few parameters as input data, which in addition can be obtained from conventional tests. A well-documented case study is considered to show how the method can be used for routine applications.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Wave Overtopping Discharge from Breakwater Based on an MIV-BP Estimation Model
Authors: Chen Songgui , Chen Hanbao , Peng Cheng , Wang Yina , Hu Yuanye
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the problem of calculating the overtopping of single-slope breakwaters, a mean impact value-backpropagation (MIV-BP) estimation model for predicting overtopping was established. Experimental data from the Tianjin Research Institute of Water Transport Engineering (TIWTE) were utilized to further enrich the dataset of the CLASH project for single-slope wave overtopping discharge. This paper established a comprehensive prediction model based on an ensemble learning average method combination strategy. There are 10 input parameters in the model, including the offshore effective wave height, average wave period, offshore water depth, toe submergence, toe width, slope tangent, armor rock surface roughness factor, crest height with respect to the static water level, wall height with respect to the static water level, and crest width; the output parameter is the mean overtopping discharge. Subsequently, a comparative analysis was conducted between this estimation model, the Chinese standard formula calculation model, and the European Van der Meer formula calculation model. Compared with the two formulas mentioned above, this estimation model’s coefficient of correlation increased by 0.23 and 0.26, respectively. Finally, a weight evaluation analysis of the 10 main factors affecting overtopping was carried out based on a MIV-BP neural network model. In the analysis, a positive correlation was found for factors, such as the wave height, average wave period, and water depth at the structure toe; a negative correlation was found for factors, such as the slope, crest height with respect to the static water level, wall height with respect to the static water level, and crest width. Overall, the results provide a significant basis and reference for optimizing the design of the wave overtopping control.
Impact of Climate Change on Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Glaciers in Western Karakoram Region since 1990: A Case Study of Central Karakoram National Park
Authors: Moazzam Muhammad Farhan Ul , Bae Jinho , Lee Byung Gul
Published: September 2022

Glaciers in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) in Pakistan are the major source of water, irrigation, and power production for downstream regions. Global warming has induced a substantial impact on these glaciers. In the present study, Landsat images were utilized to evaluate the glaciers for the period from 1990–2020 in the Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP) region to further correlate with climate parameters. The results reveal that glaciers are retreating and the highest (2.33 km2) and lowest (0.18 km2) recession rates were observed for Biafo and Khurdopin glaciers, respectively. However, a minor advancement has also been observed for the period from 1990–2001. More than 80% of glacier recession was recorded between 2009–2020 because mean summer temperature increased at both Skardu and Gilgit meteorological stations, while precipitation decreased at both stations from 2005–2020. The increase in mean summer temperature and decrease in winter precipitation resulted in glacial retreat, which will lead to water scarcity in the future as well as affect the agriculture sector and hydropower production in downstream areas of the Indus River basin.
Multi-Indicators and Evidence of Cytotoxicity—A Case Study of a Stream in Central Brazil
Authors: Gomes Raylane Pereira , Oliveira Thais Reis , Gama Aline Rodrigues , Vieira José Daniel Gonçalves , Carneiro Lilian Carla
Published: September 2022

(1) Background: Aquatic systems are important to the community and the environment, requiring careful assessment, including the monitoring of their waters. Cities are usually built close to aquatic systems, which serve as a source of water for the entire population. With the uncontrolled increase in cities, aquatic environments receive a great pollutant load. (2) Methods: In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate water contamination, evaluating multi-indicators, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity and conducting a multivariate analysis on the João Leite stream in central Brazil. (3) Results: It was demonstrated, by means of multi-indicators of water quality, that according to the CONAMA classification, current Brazilian legislation and the purpose of the João Leite stream, the water quality met some parameters (i.e., turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and bacteriological); however, in some samples, the quality was poor or very poor. Samples collected in the rainy season indicated cytotoxicity, probably due to pollutants dragged by the rain into the stream. Based on multivariate and association analysis, we suggest that the João Leite stream presents anthropogenic pollution. (4) Conclusions: This study provides data for the development of prevention, control and environmental management policies. In addition, we demonstrate that the use of multivariate statistical analyses can provide data on water pollution, its source of pollution and the association between pollutants.
Response of NDVI and SIF to Meteorological Drought in the Yellow River Basin from 2001 to 2020
Authors: Li Jie , Xi Mengfei , Pan Ziwu , Liu Zhenzhen , He Zhilin , Qin Fen
Published: September 2022

Understanding the response of vegetation to drought is of great significance to the biodiversity protection of terrestrial ecosystem. Based on the MOD13A2 NDVI, GOSIF, and SPEI data of the Yellow River Basin from 2001 to 2020, this paper used the methods of Theil–Sen median trend analysis, Mann–Kendall significance test, and Pearson correlation analysis to analyze whether the vegetation change trends monitored by MODIS and GOSIF are consistent and their sensitivity to meteorological drought. The results showed that NDVI and SIF increased significantly (p < 0.001) at the rate of 0.496 × 10−2 and 0.345 × 10−2, respectively. The significant improvement area of SIF (66.49%, p < 0.05) is higher than NDVI (50.7%, p < 0.05), and the spatial distribution trend of vegetation growth monitored by NDVI and SIF is consistent. The negative value of SPEI-12 accounts for 65.83%, with obvious periodic changes. The significant positive correlation areas of SIF-SPEI in spring, summer, and autumn (R > 0, p < 0.05) were 7.00%, 28.49%, and 2.28% respectively, which were higher than the significant positive correlation areas of NDVI-SPEI (spring: 1.79%; summer: 20.72%; autumn: 1.13%). SIF responded more strongly to SPEI in summer, and farmland SIF was significantly correlated with SPEI (0.3424, p < 0.01). The results indicate that SIF is more responsive to drought than NDVI. Analyzing the response of vegetation to meteorological drought can provide constructive reference for ecological protection.
Flood Uncertainty Estimation Using Deep Ensembles
Authors: Chaudhary Priyanka , Leitão João P. , Donauer Tabea , D’Aronco Stefano , Perraudin Nathanaël , Obozinski Guillaume , Perez-Cruz Fernando , Schindler Konrad , Wegner Jan Dirk , Russo Stefania
Published: September 2022

We propose a probabilistic deep learning approach for the prediction of maximum water depth hazard maps at high spatial resolutions, which assigns well-calibrated uncertainty estimates to every predicted water depth. Efficient, accurate, and trustworthy methods for urban flood management have become increasingly important due to higher rainfall intensity caused by climate change, the expansion of cities, and changes in land use. While physically based flood models can provide reliable forecasts for water depth at every location of a catchment, their high computational burden is hindering their application to large urban areas at high spatial resolution. While deep learning models have been used to address this issue, a disadvantage is that they are often perceived as “black-box” models and are overconfident about their predictions, therefore decreasing their reliability. Our deep learning model learns the underlying phenomena a priori from simulated hydrodynamic data, obviating the need for manual parameter setting for every new rainfall event at test time. The only inputs needed at the test time are a rainfall forecast and parameters of the terrain such as a digital elevation model to predict the maximum water depth with uncertainty estimates for complete rainfall events. We validate the accuracy and generalisation capabilities of our approach through experiments on a dataset consisting of catchments within Switzerland and Portugal and 18 rainfall patterns. Our method produces flood hazard maps at 1 m resolution and achieves mean absolute errors as low as 21 cm for extreme flood cases with water above 1 m. Most importantly, we demonstrate that our approach is able to provide an uncertainty estimate for every water depth within the predicted hazard map, thus increasing the model’s trustworthiness during flooding events.
Study on Change of the Glacier Mass Balance and Its Response to Extreme Climate of Urumqi Glacier No.1 in Tianshan Mountains in Recent 41 Years
Authors: Peng Jiajia , Xu Liping , Li Zhongqin , Chen Puchen , Luo Yutian , Cao Cui
Published: September 2022

Glaciers are susceptible indicators of climate change and crucial parts of the world’s water cycle. In the context of global warming, we took the Urumqi Glacier No.1 (UG1) as an example, which is situated at the source of the Urumqi River on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, combined with the climate data of Daxigou Meteorological Station from 1980 to 2020, and the change of glacier mass balance and its response to extreme climate are discussed. The results suggest that the glacier mass balance of UG1 showed a downward trend over the studied 41-year period, and the mass loss increased. The cumulative glacier mass balance value was −19,776 mm w.e., and the average annual value was −482 mm w.e.a−1. The Mann-Kendall trend test showed that the change point occurred around 1994, and the mass balance of UG1 became more negative after 1994. In the same period, the changing mass balance trend of UG1 was not the same in different seasons. The inter-annual variation of summer mass balance was drastic, showing a marked downward trend; the inter-annual change of winter mass balance was small, showing a slight uptrend. The changing of extreme climate indices where UG1 is located showed that only TX90p and TX10p changed observably from 1980 to 2020, and the extreme precipitation indices changed evidently and had been on the rise. The changing trend of extreme climate indices indicated that the temperature was rising, the warming was significant, and the precipitation was increasing. During 1980–2020, the glacier mass balance was substantially correlated with the extreme temperature indices (TX90p, TXx) but not with the extreme precipitation indices. Analyzing on a seasonal scale, the summer mass balance was memorably correlated with the extreme temperature indices (TX90p, TX10p, TXx), and the correlation coefficient between winter mass balance and the extreme precipitation index R95p and winter precipitation was in the range 0.36~0.40 (p < 0.05). According to the correlation between glacier mass balance and extreme climate indices, the summer mass balance was mainly affected by temperature, and the winter mass balance was affected primarily by precipitation.
The Multi-Objective Optimization of Low-Impact Development Facilities in Shallow Mountainous Areas Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Sun Huiyi , Dong Yuxiang , Lai Yue , Li Xuanyin , Ge Xiaoyu , Lin Chensong
Published: September 2022

From the perspective of whole-area sponge city construction, it is important to scientifically determine the layout plan of LID facilities for controlling urban rainfall and flooding problems, given the topographical features and rainfall runoff characteristics of shallow urban mountainous areas. Current research on the optimization of low-impact development facilities is limited to the central urban area level, with insufficient research on shallow urban mountainous areas, and there is great uncertainty in the layout of LID facilities when multiple objectives are considered. Therefore, this paper applied a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) to optimize the layout scheme of LID facilities. Multiple objectives of the peak runoff abatement rate, cost, and land area were selected as the optimization objectives, and the optimized results were ranked using the EWM-TOPSIS and VCWM-TOPSIS methods. The 2nd Hebei Provincial Garden Flower Expo (Qinhuangdao) Park was used as the research object for the optimization design. The results showed that, under the premise of water safety, the lowest cost priority was given to the LID facility with a 15.49% share, 99.43% peak runoff reduction rate, and a cost of CNY 1.215 × 107; the lowest area priority was given to the LID facility with a 15.25% share, 99.42% peak runoff reduction rate, and a cost of CNY 1.267 × 107. The EWM-TOPSIS method was also used to obtain the best optimized solution with 16.18% LID facilities, 99.64% peak runoff abatement rate, and a cost of CNY 1.26 × 107, and the worst optimized solution with 12.55% LID facilities, 97.91% peak runoff abatement rate, and a cost of CNY 1.061 × 107. The decision results under different decision-maker preferences were obtained by the VCWM-TOPSIS method. This study showed that the combination of a genetic algorithm and TOPSIS can optimize the layout of LID facilities in shallow mountainous areas more scientifically and efficiently compared to the actual construction plan for building a sponge city.
Features of management of patients with ankle bursitis
Authors:   Republican Clinical Hospital, Vladikavkaz, Stepchenkov R. P.
Published: September 2022

Bursitis is an inflammatory process that affects the joint capsule located between the bones and tendon fibers. In the normal state, the joint capsule is filled with synovial fluid the main function of which is to provide hydraulic lubrication for the normal sliding of the tendon along the bone in order to void damage to the tendon fibers. Depending on the location of the lesion of a particular anatomical region, there is bursitis of the shoulder joint (supracromial, subacromial, subdeltoid, subcoracoid forms), elbow joint, knee joint (prepatellar, suprapatellar, infrapatellar bursitis), the Achilles tendon bursitis, etc. Depending on the etiology of the lesion, specific bursitis caused by a certain type of pathogen and non-specific bursitis, most often of an autoimmune nature, are distinguished. Bursitis of the ankle joint can occur against the background of mechanical damage as a result of an injury, or it can develop against the background of gout or excessive load on the ankle joint. The main clinical manifestations of bursitis include pain, limited mobility, swelling, fever, and redness in the area of the affected joint. The tactics of treating ankle bursitis depends on its cause: antibiotic therapy is indicated for an infectious lesion; as for a traumatic injury, it is first necessary to ensure the immobilization of the affected limb, followed by the prescription of anti-inflammatory drugs; in autoimmune processes, doctors resort to the use of cor ticosteroids.
Past of fish resources of the small Aral sea (Kazakhstan)
Authors:   Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Saint Petersburg, Smurov A.O. , Plotnikov I.S. ,   Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Saint Petersburg, Aladin N.V. ,   Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Saint Petersburg
Published: September 2022

This work is an attempt to trace changes in the fish fauna, their food supply and fish catches in the Small Aral Sea from the beginning of the 20th century to the late 1980s. The purpose of our work is a comparative study of changes in the fishery value of the water reservoir at different stages of its development, including during the last anthropogenic regression. Both literature data and those obtained by the authors in the period 1991–2015 were used. Not only data related to the fauna and fish catches proper, but also data on their food supply, represented mainly by invertebrates, were taken into account. The native ichthyofauna consisted of 20 species of fish, mainly related to benthophages. The biomass of benthos was small — 20 g/m2 due to the significant pressure of fish. The construction of the Tashkent railway was the reason for the emergence of the village of Aralsk in 1905, and the beginning of industrial fishing at sea, as it ensured the export of fish products. The catch of fish in the pre-revolutionary period reached a maximum of 48,300 tons. Planned acclimatization of fish and benthic organisms began to increase the fishery value of the reservoir. Some of them were unsuccessful. The introduction of plankton-eating fish affected not only the zooplankton of the sea, but also its benthic fauna, the abundance and biomass of which decreased. The increase in salinity because of the regression of the water reservoir led to a sharp depletion of the fauna. In the absence of pressure from fish, the biomass of benthic organisms increased by more than 10 times.
Violencia laboral de género como factor que inhibe la participación de las mujeres en el mercado de trabajo de México
Authors: Rodríguez Pérez Reyna Elizabeth , Castro Lugo David , Ibarra Gutiérrez Sofia
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer un análisis de la violencia laboral como factor de abandono de las mujeres en el mercado de trabajo en México. Nuestra hipótesis se basa en que la violencia laboral de género es un factor que inhibe la participación de las mujeres en el mercado de trabajo. Para la comprobación empírica se estima un modelo probit y se realiza el cálculo de los efectos marginales. Los datos utilizados son de la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones de los Hogares (ENDIREH) 2016. La violencia se clasifica en: económica, sexual, psicológica y física. Los resultados indican la presencia de violencia sobre las mujeres en el ámbito laboral, la cual inhibe su participación laboral. Sin embargo, la magnitud de los efectos es diferente por tipo de violencia, siendo la económica la de mayor magnitud. Las variables de escolaridad y edad presentan una relación negativa frente al abandono laboral, comportamiento vinculado con los costos de oportunidad crecientes; mientras que los indicadores relacionados con el grado de compromiso o necesidad de las mujeres (jefa de familia, casada o tener hijos) reduce la probabilidad de deserción del mercado laboral.
STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF STEEL TRUSSES BY DEFLECTION BASED ON P-BOXES
Authors:   Vologda State University, SOLOVEVA A.A. , SOLOVEV S.A. ,   Vologda State University, UMNYAKOVA N.P. ,   Research institute of construction physics RAASN (NIISF RAASN), KOCHKIN A.A. ,   Vologda State University
Published: September 2022

The article describes algorithms for probabilistic evaluation of steel trusses’ reliability by the deflection criterion using p-boxes as models of random variables. The p-boxes are an area formed by the boundary cumulative distribution functions (CDFs). There is a real probability distribution function of a random variable inside the p-box area. Based on the presented approaches, it is possible to design trusses on a given reliability index or probability of non-failure. P-boxes as random variable models take into account aleatory and epistemological uncertainties at the same time. Such models are relevance for snow loads as one of the main factors affecting the stress-strain state of trusses. Information about the reliability level of steel trusses according to the deflection criterion is necessary for a system assessment of the reliability of a truss. An approach of structural reliability analysis is also proposed for existing trusses, where the ultimate deflection is limited by the condition of buckling of the selected truss bar.
Effects of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758), Larvae Incorporated Feed on Histomorphology, Gut Microbiota and Blood Chemistry of Cultured Fishes: A Review
Authors:   Department of Livestock Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya 70140, Sri Lanka, PRIYADARSHANA MANIYANGAMAGE KASUN CHATHURANGA , WALPITA CHAMINDA NIROSHAN , RUWANDEEPIKA HETTIPALA ARACHCHIGE DARSHANEE , MAGAMAGE MANJULA PRIYANTHA SUMITH
Published: September 2022

Inadequate availability and unreasonable prices made fish meal an unreliable feed ingredient in aquaculture. Consequently, researchers have tested different plant and animal-derived protein sources as an option over the fish meal. The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758), larva, has been identified as a reliable protein source for fish meal replacement. Many studies have revealed the growth and microbiological impacts of H. illucens larvae as a protein source in finfish culture. However, a review of knowledge on histopathology, haematology and microbial changes modulated by H. illucens larvae when incorporated as a feed ingredient in finfish aquaculture is not available. Therefore, this study reviews the effects on the histopathology, haematology and gut-microbial properties of finfish fed diet incorporated with H. illucens larvae. A review of different finfish species tested up to 100 % inclusion of H. illucens larvae meal in their diets revealed mixed results in blood chemistry, gut microbiota, and gut histology. Most studies stated common positive effects such as reduced plasma cholesterol levels, increased microbial diversity, and increased intestinal absorption up to 50 % incorporation level. Despite the possibility of incorporating H. illucens larvae meal without any negative impacts on some carnivore fish species, most studies disclosed adverse effects beyond 50 % fish meal replacement due to high chitin and crude fat levels in H. illucens larval diets.
Experimental study in microcosms of the effect of fire on the characteristic vegetation of Mediterranean temporary ponds / Étude expérimentale en microcosmes de l’effet du feu sur la végétation caractéristique des mares temporaires méditerranéennes
Authors: Ben Bammou Mohamed , Rhazi Mouhssine , El Madihi Mohammed , Moukrim Said , Rhazi Laïla
Published: September 2022

Fire is an important disturbance factor of ecosystems. Its impact on temporary ponds remains poorly documented. In Morocco, temporary ponds are numerous and mostly found in forested and agricultural environment. Forest fire has been increasingly frequent over the last years eventually spreading to the temporary pools. In addition, some farmers light fire to get rid of the biomass of crop residues. No assessment of the impact of fire on the plant biodiversity of temporary ponds was made. We tested the impact of fire on soil samples in an experiment in controlled conditions. Soil samples were taken from five ponds in the Middle Atlas divided into four series of 25 samples each. The first series served as a control while those of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th series were subjected respectively to a blowtorch flame sent for 30, 120 and 600 seconds. We measured the temperature of the soil surface for each treatment after fire using an infrared thermometer. We put all soil samples in germination conditions by watering them daily. During the second year, we manually disturbed the soil samples and then germinated them by watering them daily. Unlike low-intensity fires (fires of agricultural land), high-intensity fires (forest fires) significantly reduced the total density of seeds, those of annuals and aquatic annuals, as well as the species richness of the same groups. The effect of fire also varied according to the species and the duration of exposure. Natural restoration of the vegetation of the temporary ponds even after an intense fire is still possible but probably slow. Improved environmental conditions after fire and the presence in the soil of a long-lived seed bank are relevant indicators of restoration success.
THE IMPORTANCE OF BIOGRAPHICAL MATERIAL IN THE FORMATION OF A HUMANISTIC WORLDVIEW IN A MODERN TEENAGER
Authors: Petryaeva T.
Published: September 2022

The article examines in detail the ideas of the humanistic worldview and the trends of modern society, social changes affecting the formation of a teenager's personality. The author suggests ways to sublimate adolescent conflict and aggression in the education of moral values, positive involvement in public life. The paper proposes the use of the biographical method in order to form a humanistic worldview in modern adolescents, demonstrates the positive effects of using the biographical method.
ANALYSIS OF CONFLICTOGENIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE MODERN SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kvasov Oleg
Published: September 2022

The article deals with the issue of the institutional foundations of the use of aggression and violence in society. The signs of systemic reproduction of violence are analyzed using specific examples. It is concluded that the social exploitation of violence is natural and there is no alternative to its use in the foreseeable future.
UNCONVENTIONAL FORMS OF THE PEASANT STRUGGLE IN THE FOREST SPHERE IN THE 19th - EARLY XX CENTURIES
Authors: Semenova Elena
Published: September 2022

Abstract: the article discusses various forms of struggle between the peasantry and the authorities in the forest sector: illegal logging and arson of forests, armed clashes with forest guards, uprisings. An analysis of the causes of these actions and their characteristics are given.
ANALYSIS OF THE NATURE OF SOCIAL CONFLICTS AND OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PEACEKEEPING INITIATIVES
Authors: Homam Al
Published: September 2022

Abstract: the article touches upon the problems of the global civilizational conflict, emphasizes a multidimensional approach to resolving social and cultural contradictions, actualizes the spiritual vector of human existence.
AGGRESSION IN SOCIETY: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Russu A.
Published: September 2022

The paper considers the concept of aggression, the essence and its practical significance in the life of an individual and society. The role of aggression as a component of the conflict is shown. Examples are considered in the historical perspective and in the context of modern events. A brief analysis of the problems was carried out, a table of a comparative description of the existing strategies for choosing a solution was presented, and options for effective and mutually beneficial cooperation were proposed.
THE MILITARY SPHERE OF NATIONAL SECURITY: THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ksenofontov V.
Published: September 2022

Military conflict becomes a form of human existence. This causes the necessity to develop the military sphere of national security. The main peculiarities of the military policy of Belarus, including its coalition component within the framework of the Union State are shown. The structure of the military subsystem of national security is substantiated. The peculiarities of modern world development testify to the priority nature of the military security for the wellbeing of an individual, society and state.
DIDACTIC POTENTIAL OF DISCOURSE MARKERS IN TEACHING READING IN ENGLISH
Authors: Shugaeva A.
Published: September 2022

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QUEST-ORIENTED ASSESSMENT AT THE ESP CLASS
Authors: Koltakova S.
Published: September 2022

The problem of finding the most appropriate, sophisticated or innovative approach, technology and method of teaching English for specific purposes has always drawn the specialists’ attention. Nowadays a promising graduate of any educational institution is to be able to establish professional communication not only in the native language, but also in a foreign one. A graduate of a military academy is not an exception. Peacekeeping operations, joint military exercises, international exhibitions, war games require military specialists, who are able to react to standard and non-standard professional communicative situations. The author focuses on the necessity of professionally oriented approach to language teaching and the definition of the language for specific purposes. Special attention is paid to the notion of assessment and its peculiarities at the ESP class. Apart from being communicative, systematic, diagnostic, developing and educational, assessment is also to be professionally-oriented, so existing methods of it should be modified to meet the requirements of the future profession. This research paper is aimed at identifying the advantages of quest-oriented form of assessment over the traditional one and proving with the help of the experiment that quest is one of the most appropriate forms of evaluating the students’ progress at the ESP class. The methods of the research include observations on language competency development (80 students were observed throughout two years); comparative analysis of examination results. The experiment has shown that quest-oriented assessment creates the situations of professional communication in the most realistic way. Such designed situations of profession-oriented communication enable a teacher to assess the level of skill development and enhance students’ motivation. The author presents the models of tasks involving all language skills that can be adapted to other professional spheres. The outcomes of this research may be of high value to teachers who are dedicated to creating appropriate and effective assessment for ESP classes.
Caracterização de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico no município de Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso
Authors: Daniel Diego Fernando , Dallacort Rivanildo , Barbieri João Danilo , Freitas Paulo Sérgio Lourenço de , Carvalho Marco Antonio Camillo de , Modolo Alcir José , Yamashita Oscar Mitsuo
Published: September 2022

O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico quanto às suas propriedades físico-hídri- cas. A amostragem do solo foi efetuada em uma área de cultivo agrícola no campo experimental da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT) em Tangará da Serra - MT. Foram coletadas amostras deformadas e indeformadas de solo nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 e 40-50 cm. Os atributos do solo analisados foram textura, densidade do solo, umidade volumétrica, macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, capacidade de campo, ponto de murcha permanente, resistência do solo à penetração, capacidade de água disponível, disponibilidade total de água e velocidade de infiltração básica. Para cada variável avaliada, foi realizada a análise de variância e a comparação de médias (Tukey p<0,05). O Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico do local de estudo possui textura muito argilosa. Para o teor de argila encontrado, a densidade crítica é de 1,34 kg dm-3. A capacidade de campo do solo é de 0,3490 m3 m-3, o ponto de murcha permanente é de 0,2083 m3 m-3, com capacidade de água disponível de 82,45 mm. A resistência do solo à penetração encontrada classifica-o com resistência moderada. A velocidade de infiltração básica do solo (VIB) foi de 25,91 mm h-1, classificada como VIB alta.
Scorrelato
Authors: Coletti Vittorio
Published: September 2022

Alcuni lettori ci chiedono chiarimenti sul participio passato e aggettivo scorrelato, assente nella lessicografia ma ampiamente usato in alcuni ambiti specialisti (in particolare fisica e statistica) e nel web.
Cumhuriyet Dönemi Aktörlerinden Sadri Maksudi Arsal: Liberal Milliyetçi Tema
Authors: DEMİRCİ Mustafa
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışma Sadri Maksudi Arsal’ın liberal milliyetçilik anlayışını ele almaktadır. Çalışmanın yöntemi doküman analizi olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda Arsal’ın siyasal düşünceleri, milliyetçilikle ilgili çalışmaları ve alan yazınında liberal milletçilikle ilgili düşünceleri yansıtan çalışmalar ele alınmıştır. Araştırmanın veri analizi, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizi bir döngü şeklinde sistematik bir şekilde yapılmıştır. Bu döngünün adımları Arsal’ı ve yaşadığı dönemin siyasal yönünü ele alma, Liberal Milliyetçiliğin önde gelen isimlerinin düşüncelerini inceleme, Arsal'ın millet ve milliyetçilik hakkındaki görüşlerini ele alma, liberal milliyetçiliğin üzerinde durduğu kavramları inceleme, liberal Milliyetçiliğin önde gelen isimleri ile Arsal’ı düşüncelerini karşılaştırma yapma süreçlerinden oluşmaktadır. Veri analizi sonucunda, Sadri Maksudi Arsal ve Yaşadığı Dönemin Siyasal Yapısı, Arsal’ın Millet ve Milliyetçilik Yaklaşımı, Bireyin Millet İçindeki Rolü, Kozmopolitlik, Federalizm ve Barış Meselesi, Azınlık Meselesi, Milliyetçilik ve İlerleme olmak üzere toplam altı temel başlık belirlenmiştir.
An Insight into Deep Learning based Cryptojacking Detection Model
Authors: Sivaraju S. S.
Published: September 2022

To autonomously identify cyber threats is a non-trivial research topic. One area where this is most apparent is in the evolution of evasive cyber assaults, which are becoming better at masking their existence and obscuring their attack methods (for example, file-less malware). Particularly stealthy Advanced Persistent Threats may hide out in the system for a long time without being spotted. This study presents a novel method, dubbed CapJack, for identifying illicit bitcoin mining activity in a web browser by using cutting-edge CapsNet technology. Thus far, it is aware that deep learning framework CapsNet is pertained to the problem of detecting malware effectively using a heuristic based on system behaviour. Even more, in multitasking situations when several apps are all active at the same time, it is possible to identify fraudulent miners with greater efficiency.
Comprehensive Review on UAV Efficient Path Planning Techniques for Optimized Applications
Authors: Senthilkumar T.
Published: September 2022

This literature review article compiles works that describe the use of bio-inspired algorithms in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) motion planning. This review demonstrates the usefulness of the various frameworks by presenting the contributions and limits of each article. The optimization method also decreases the amount of inaccuracy in the system’s convergence. Furthermore, this study discusses the assessment procedures and draws attention to the novelties and limitations of the explored methods. The paper wraps up with a detailed examination of the current difficulties and potential future research directions. This research will aid scholars in comprehending the state-of-the-art efforts made in UAV motion planning using a variety of optimization strategies.
Analysis of COVID-19 clinical course among vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 people in the Khabarovsk krai
Authors: Bazykina E. A. , Trotsenko O. E. , Zaitseva T. A. , Karavyanskaya T. N.
Published: September 2022

Aim. To analyze clinical manifestations of novel coronavirus infection among vaccinated population of the Khabarovsk krai with breakthrough infection.Materials and methods. Analysis was based on official data including information on COVID-19 breakthrough infections provided by Khabarovsk krai Rospotrebnadzor regional office. Statistical analysis included calculation of Spearman's rank correlation, odds ratio.Results. A relatively small proportion (0.7%) of breakthrough COVID-cases that occurred among Khabarovsk residents vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 was shown during analyzed period of time. The highest risk of contracting COVID-19 was revealed among people aged over 50 years. Course of breakthrough COVID-19 infection was mostly mild ‒ 61.0% (95% CI: 54.2‒67.6%). In most cases COVID-19 manifested itself as acute respiratory viral infection ‒ 66.7% (95% CI: 60.0‒73.0%). A significant negative correlation was noted between levels of blood saturation and duration of the disease (ρ=-0.82; p<0.05). Duration of COVID- 19 among vaccinated people was 16 days in for patients treated in an outpatient facility and 17 days for hospitalized patients in average. Most common clinical manifestations of COVID-19, noted by more than half of the respondents, were hyperthermia ‒ 55.7% (95% CI: 48.8–62.5%), weakness and cough ‒ 65.7% each (95% CI: 59.1–72,2%).Conclusion. Obtained data testify in favor of significant protective potential of vaccines against COVID-19.