bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les langages du peuple. Exercices du pouvoir et usages du discours
Authors: Fœssel Michaël
Published: February 2014

Les relations entre démocratie et démagogie sont réactivées de nos jours. Le but est ici de faire apparaître le lien entre langage et politique, lien impliqué par le thème de la démagogie. L’erreur fondamentale du démagogue est l’assurance avec laquelle il croit incarner la vérité du peuple ; les critiques platonicienne et hobbesienne de la démagogie servent de toiles de fond. Qui, finalement, est en droit d’user du mot « peuple » ? À ce sujet, la notion de « domination symbolique » propre à Pierre Bourdieu se révèle utile. Mettre en tension le régime du démagogue et celui de l’expert peut également apporter du neuf.
Compter sur l'héritage ? Miser sur le commerce ?
Authors: de La Gorce Bernard
Published: February 2014

Considérer la fonction paternelle, dans ce qu’elle aurait de plus spécifique, sous l’angle de l’inhibition et du freinage pulsionnel n’est pas sans poser question au regard d’autres forces qui sont du côté de ce qui anime, plutôt que de ce qui réprime et qui n’en jouent pas moins un rôle essentiel dans l’intégration des énergies et l’organisation de la psychè. Séparer à l’origine les mécanismes d’inhibition qui relèveraient d’un potentiel inné, placé sous l’égide d’un principe paternel, des capacités de liaison qui entrent en jeu dans la relation à l’objet sous la gouverne du principe de plaisir, lequel commande investissements et désinvestissements, donne matière à discussion.
Le père en psychanalyse : entre « phylogenèse » et ontogenèse
Authors: Stoloff Jean-Claude
Published: February 2014

Le concept de phylogenèse désigne les modifications biologiques survenant dans le développement des espèces. Cette notion ne doit pas être confondue avec tout ce qui a trait au développement de la psychologie collective dans l’espèce humaine. La volonté farouche de Freud d’inscrire la transmission entre les générations dans un facteur chromosomique ne traduit-elle pas une vision solipsiste, présente tout au long de son œuvre, vision ne prenant pas suffisamment en compte l’action inconsciente des objets de l’environnement dans la constitution des refoulements originaires ?
Les origines meurtrières du surmoi
Authors: Gauthier Martin
Published: February 2014

La scène phylogénétique du meurtre du père telle que proposée par Freud condense deux temps, l’un préhistorique d’émergence d’une scène personnelle interne, l’autre historique de l’Œdipe proprement dit. À chaque temps, le meurtre trouve son effectivité dans la digestion du père où sa survie psychique est paradoxalement essentielle pour la différenciation et l’appropriation subjectives. Le surmoi apparaît comme le résultat d’une opération meurtrière incomplète ou impossible, où l’objet est conservé sous une forme moins métabolisée et surinvestie.
Triomphe et rabaissement
Authors: Hinze Hélène
Published: February 2014

Y a-t-il un pur transfert paternel ou maternel ? En prenant appui sur la scène centrale du quatrième essai de Totem et tabou, l’auteur refait avec Freud le trajet du fantasme de terrassement, puis de fustigation, en passant par « Du rabaissement généralisé de la vie amoureuse » à « Un enfant est battu », du rabaissement au triomphe (du père, de l’enfant). Ce fantasme paraît à l’œuvre dans la genèse du processus créateur chez Freud, à l’intérieur de sa relation transférentielle à Fliess.
Le parricide entre la structure et l'histoire
Authors: Lepastier Samuel
Published: February 2014

L’auteur aborde l’étude du parricide dans une perspective dialectique. Si cette question ne peut être appréhendée dans une perspective génétique, l’approche structurale n’en contient pas non plus tous les aspects. Le recours à la deuxième topique permet d’opérer une synthèse de ces deux points de vue. Les circonstances de l’assassinat de Moïse forment une paire contrastée avec celles qui entourent le meurtre de Laïos.
« L'extase de la capitulation » par l'appel au père, une étape sur la voie du renoncement
Authors: Milleur Yannick
Published: February 2014

Au travers d’un éprouvé qu’il réfère à l’« extase de la capitulation » (E.M. Cioran), l’auteur se propose d’explorer la manière dont l’appel au père, la Vatersehnsucht, ouvre, via le transfert, à une étape vers le renoncement, la position passive et les voies de la régression associative. À partir de la clinique des manifestations hétéro et autodestructrices inhérentes à des formes inchoatives et régressives du surmoi, l’incarnation du principe paternel par l’analyste rend possible le double retournement, qui promeut l’instauration d’un surmoi post-œdipien attracteur et organisateur de la vie psychique.
Freud, père archaïque idéalisé ?
Authors: Abella Adela
Published: February 2014

L’auteur s’interroge sur la manière dont les psychanalystes d’aujourd’hui utilisent l’héritage freudien et tentent de le retravailler. La question est la suivante : dans quelles conditions pouvons-nous revisiter Freud de manière créative ? Plusieurs difficultés sont discutées : l’idéalisation des pères de la psychanalyse, l’investissement narcissique de la théorie, la perversion du dialogue entre psychanalystes. Quelques réflexions de Freud et de Bion sur ce sujet sont discutées.
Un effet de campagne
Authors: Brouard Sylvain , Gougou Florent , Guinaudeau Isabelle , Persico Simon
Published: February 2014

Cet article éclaire un effet paradoxal de la campagne présidentielle française de 2012 : la résurgence des opinions favorables à la production d’électricité nucléaire en France, un an seulement après l’accident de Fukushima. Notre analyse des données d’enquête par sondage, de la couverture médiatique des questions relatives à l’énergie nucléaire, ainsi que des programmes et discours partisans montre tant au niveau macroscopique qu’individuel que le recul de l’opposition au nucléaire répond à une forte médiatisation de la question, à la politisation inédite de l’enjeu et à son recadrage en termes économiques par la droite gouvernementale et les groupes d’intérêt pro-nucléaires. Au-delà du cas d’étude, nos résultats permettent de tirer plusieurs conclusions relatives aux effets de campagne, aux relations entre positionnement et proximité partisane, ainsi qu’à l’impact des médias sur la compétition politique.
À la conquête de l'Amérique
Authors: Pellen Cédric
Published: February 2014

L’élection de onze députés des Français établis hors de France a constitué l’une des principales nouveautés des élections législatives de 2012. À travers l’analyse de la campagne dans la 1 re circonscription des Français de l’étranger (Canada et États-Unis), cet article met en évidence les contraintes originales auxquels les candidats à ces mandats inédits ont dû faire face. La méconnaissance de l’électorat, sa dispersion au sein de circonscriptions immenses ou encore la faible structuration partisane sont autant de facteurs qui ont fortement affecté leur travail de mobilisation électorale. L’article montre également que par leurs pratiques de campagne mêmes, les différents candidats ont participé à poser les jalons d’un espace politique local français en Amérique du Nord.
L'espace partisan marocain : un microcosme polarisé ?
Authors: Bennani-Chraïbi Mounia
Published: February 2014

Cet article s’interroge sur les caractéristiques du personnel partisan marocain, à partir d’un protocole d’enquête inédit et d’une base de données sur 4 127 congressistes de dix organisations politiques marocaines, sondées entre 2008 et 2012. D’après les premiers traitements, l’espace partisan marocain est un petit monde dominé par les citadins, les hommes d’âge mûr, les plus dotés scolairement et économiquement ; mais, loin d’être coupé des citoyens ordinaires, il est travaillé par les dynamiques en œuvre dans la société. Irréductible à une clientèle segmentée, il n’en demeure pas moins façonné par une opposition idéal-typique entre partis de notables et partis de militants.
La violence sous le verbe académique : Un débat sur les traditions historiques à l'Académie royale des inscriptions et belles-lettres au xviii e siècle
Authors: Schandeler Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2014

Dans les années 1720, l’Académie royale des inscriptions et belles-lettres est agitée par un débat sur la certitude des quatre premiers siècles de Rome. La controverse se déroule sur un fond d’anciennes querelles théologiques, et dans le contexte du passage d’une temporalité liée à la notion de tradition à une temporalité propre à l’histoire. Ce qui se trouve en jeu est la constitution d’une autorité légitime propre au savoir historique, et l’autonomisation de cette fonction d’autorité. Le présent article reconstitue la violence institutionnelle des échanges à partir de l’étude du registre manuscrit des délibérations et des lettres que l’un des protagonistes a adressées à l’Académie.
Albrecht von Haller, patron dans son réseau : Le rôle de la correspondance dans les controverses scientifiques
Authors: Steinke Hubert
Published: February 2014

À l’époque moderne, les membres de la République des lettres considéraient l’échange de lettres comme une marque d’amitié réciproque. Dans une controverse scientifique, les adversaires correspondaient donc rarement entre eux. Les réseaux de correspondance n’en jouaient pas moins un rôle essentiel dans ces disputes savantes. Le cas d’Albrecht von Haller, étudié dans cet article, montre en effet qu’ils constituaient des outils importants pour rassembler des informations, coordonner les actions, construire des alliances et finalement servir de médiateurs dans les controverses et réconcilier les adversaires.
L'Évangile selon Rimbaud : remarques sur les proses johanniques
Authors: Mizuno Hisashi
Published: February 2014

Les « proses évangéliques » qu’Arthur Rimbaud a inscrites sur l’envers des feuillets des manuscrits de « Mauvais sang » et « Nuit de l’enfer » témoignent d’une des plus importantes évolutions de son écriture poétique. Les trois épisodes sur la divination de Jésus en Samarie, la guérison du fils de l’officier en Galilée et celle du Paralytique à Bethesda, sont bien connus, ce qui permet à Rimbaud de détourner les narrations sacrées sans avoir égard à leur continuité narrative, et dans certains passages du récit continu aux phrases discontinues surgit une poésie jusque-là inconnue, que l’on peut dire rimbaldienne par excellence. On y assiste à la création, semblant s’opérer comme par magie, d’une nouvelle langue poétique en prose.
La gouvernance conflictuelle relative à la cogestion des saumons dans le bassin du fleuve Columbia (États-Unis)
Authors: Barbier  Nicolas
Published: February 2014

Dans la portion états-unienne du bassin du Columbia, les populations de saumons sont cinq fois moins nombreuses qu’il y a 150 ans. Elles sont cogérées par des acteurs fédéraux, fédérés et tribaux afin de les restaurer. Dans cette région plus étendue que la France, l’État fédéral domine la gouvernance relative à la cogestion d’espèces de saumons en danger ou menacées. L’agence fédérale du NOAA Fisheries Service rédige les plans de restauration et les études biologiques programmatrices qui orientent les actions de terrain. Les acteurs de terrain fédérés et tribaux ont une multitude de tâches, de la réintroduction de populations locales à la restauration de zones ripariennes en passant par la gestion des écloseries ou le contrôle de la pêche. Parallèlement, une cour fédérale de l’État d’Oregon a le pouvoir de réorienter les plans et études fédéraux si ceux-ci ne sont pas conformes à l’Endangered Species Act votée par le Congrès des États-Unis en 1973. Au cours des années 2000, cette cour a notamment contribué à réduire l’impact létal des barrages sur les saumons. Si certaines populations locales de saumons ont été partiellement reconstituées, des problèmes majeurs ne sont pas résolus : les grands barrages continuent d’entraver la restauration globale, de même que les pollutions et les dégradations d’une partie de l’environnement des bassins hydrographiques. Des conflits entre groupes d’intérêts se poursuivent. Des groupes d’écologistes et de pêcheurs ainsi que des tribus indiennes réclament une restauration plus ambitieuse. Ils se heurtent à des intérêts industriels et agricoles majeurs généralement protégés par les États fédéral et fédérés. Ces deux acteurs gouvernementaux s’opposent au développement d’une partie des projets tribaux liés aux écloseries. L’adoption de la Déclaration onusienne sur les droits des peuples autochtones par l’Administration de Barack Obama en 2010 pourrait atténuer des différends et faire évoluer la gouvernance à l’étude.
L’histoire des ordures : de la préhistoire à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle
Authors: Béguin Marine
Published: February 2014

La question des déchets est devenue au fil du temps de plus en plus problématique en raison notamment de leur augmentation considérable. Cependant, la prise de conscience de la nécessité d’une gestion des ordures – ordures ménagères, excréments, boues, etc. – efficace n’est apparue que tardivement dans les esprits. L’objectif de cet article est donc de présenter, à travers une approche essentiellement bibliographique, la manière dont les humains ont cohabité et ont géré leurs déchets de la Préhistoire à la fin du XIXe siècle.
Ressources pastorales et territorialité chez les agro-éleveurs sahéliens du Gourma des buttes
Authors: Gangneron Fabrice
Published: February 2014

Les populations rurales sédentaires de la commune de Hombori (Mali) pratiquent presque toutes la culture de mil associée au petit élevage non transhumant. Au-delà des contraintes environnementales d’une région semi-aride, le maintien de l’agro-élevage repose sur une double maitrise, des territoires et des ressources, l’une et l’autre ne pouvant se confondre. Par exemple, les agro-éleveurs sédentaires aspirent à faire valoir des droits possessifs sur les espaces péri-villageois alors que les éleveurs transhumants, visiteurs saisonniers avec qui ils sont en concurrence aspirent à disposer de pâturages sur des espaces pour eux indifférenciés. Par ailleurs, l’eau pastorale n’est considérée par aucun acteur comme une ressource territorialisée et la justification de son appropriation s’exerce uniquement lorsqu’elle a été l’objet d’un travail d’aménagement. Les exemples issus du terrain montrent qu’en cas de faible maitrise des espaces péri-villageois ces petits systèmes de production, structurellement fragiles, risquent la rupture lors d’années de faible pluviométrie.
La gestion des forêts communautaires face au défi de la pauvreté et du développement rural
Authors: Mbarga Hubert Ngoumou
Published: February 2014

Cet article se propose d’examiner le paradigme gouvernemental d’octroi et de gestion communautaire des ressources forestières afin que les communautés contribuent à réduire leur état de pauvreté et élèvent leur niveau de vie et le potentiel des dites ressources à procurer des avantages économiques aux populations. En s’appuyant sur le cas des communautés forestières de Djoum (Sud Cameroun), il explore d’abord les plans simples de gestion des forêts communautaires pour faire ressortir leurs paramètres qualitatifs. Il analyse ensuite les méthodes utilisées pour estimer la ressource disponible et les confronte à différents scénarii d’inventaires appliqués. Il fait le bilan économique des activités d’exploitation réalisées depuis leur création. Il scrute enfin les avantages économiques procurés en termes d’infrastructures socioéconomiques réalisées et d’emplois créés. L’analyse des résultats obtenus aboutit en définitive à remettre en question la capacité de production durable de bois d’œuvre offerte par les forêts communautaires.
Hydroclimatologie et dynamique de l’occupation du sol du bassin versant du Haut Bandama à Tortiya (Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Soro Tanina Drissa , Kouakou Bernard Djè , Kouassi Ernest Ahoussi , Soro Gbombélé , Kouassi Amani Michel , Kouadio Konan Emmanuel , Yéi Marie-Solange Oga , Soro Nagnin
Published: February 2014

La présente étude menée sur le bassin du Haut Bandama à Tortiya (entre 8° 40’ et 10° 20’ de latitude nord et 5° et 6° 20’ de longitude ouest) dans la région nord de la Côte d’Ivoire vise à comprendre l’hydroclimatologie et la dynamique de l’occupation du sol en vue de mieux gérer les ressources en eau. Elle se base sur l’exploitation des données pluviométriques et hydrométriques (débits) et des images satellitaires. Ainsi, l’application des tests statistiques de rupture (Pettitt, Lee et Heghinian) montre une modification du régime pluviométrique intervenue au cours des années 1970. Cette modification se traduit par une baisse des pluies allant de 12 % à 22 % selon les stations avec une moyenne de 16,5 % et celle-ci est plus accentuée sur les écoulements (62,5 %) à la station hydrométrique de Tortiya. Les coefficients de tarissement marquent de fortes valeurs (plus de 8 10-2 j-1) après les années 1970. La recharge des aquifères s’amenuise passant d’une infiltration efficace moyenne de 212 mm (1980-1989) à 184 mm (1990-1999). Parallèlement, l’étude diachronique de l’occupation du sol des images satellitaires Landsat de novembre 1986 (capteur TM) et de janvier 2000 (capteur ETM+) sur une zone test du bassin a permis de dégager la tendance générale de l’occupation du sol. Elle se caractérise par une augmentation des habitats (+3,1 %), sols nus ou dégradés (+6,64 %) et cultures (+21,60 %) au profit de la dégradation des classes savane arborée (-29 %) et forêts (-1,38 %). Ces modifications ont une répercussion sur le comportement hydrologique du bassin.
High Coverage ZnO Nanorods on ITO Substrates via Modified Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) Method at Low Temperature
Authors: Sholehah Amalia , Yuwono A.H. , Poespawati Nji Raden , Trenggono Adithya , Maulidiah Fajrika
Published: February 2014

In the present work, ZnO nanorods array were successfully grown on ITO substrate via chemical bath deposition method (CBD). The seeding solution was prepared at low temperature (0°C) using zinc nitrate tetrahydrate and hexamethylenetetramine. The as-deposited ZnO nanorods were hexagonal wurtzite structure growing vertically on the substrate. Various reaction times from 3 to 5 hours were applied upon the CBD process at 90°C. The results showed that the duration of reaction time has affected the nanorods array properties. With the increase of reaction time from 3 to 5 hours has increased the diameter and crystallite size of nanorods from 325 to 583 nm, and from 22.68 to 34.28 nm. As a result, the band gap energy, Eg of ZnO nanorods decreased from 3.63 to 3.13 eV.
Quantum Approximation for Josephson's Tunneling in Thx DUO2 Nano Material for 535 Tesla at Muon Cyclotron
Authors: Hardiyanto Moh.
Published: February 2014

The convergence quantum states of free covariant equation in Einsteins space with quantum condition is studied using the ABR (Abrikosov-Balseiro-Russell) formulation in convergence approximation for Josephson tunneling is important role for determine of neutrino particle existing, especially after Cerenkovs effect for 517 tesla super magnetic at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Cyclotron in CERN, Lyon, France based on Thx DUO2 nanomaterial. This approaching will be solved the problem for determine the value of interstellar Electrical Conductivity (EC) on DUO2 chain reaction, then the post condition of muon has been known exactly. In this research shown the value of EC is 4.32 μeV at 378 tesla magnetic field for 2.1 x 104 ci/mm fast thermal neutron floating in 45.7 megawatts adjusted power of CERNs Cyclotron. The resulted by special Electron-Scanning-Nuclear-Absorbtion (ESNA) shown any possibilities of Josephsons tunneling must be boundary by muon particles without neutrino particle existing for 350 456 tesla magnetic field on UO2 more enrichment nuclear fuel at CERN, whereas this research has purpose for provide the mathematical formulation to boundary of muons moving at nuclear research reactor to a high degree of accuracy and with Catch-Nuc, one of nuclear beam equipment has a few important value of experimental effort.
Microstructural Characterisation and Microwave Absorption Characteristics of La(1-x)BaxFe0.25Mn0.5Ti0.25O3 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.75, 1)
Authors: Pratitajati Endyas , Manaf Azwar
Published: February 2014

Perovskite lanthanum manganites, especially those doped LaMnO3 (LMO), have shown potentials for applications in magnetic electronic functional materials. Partial substitution of La ion with divalent ions or Mn ion with trivalent ions gives rise to new properties. Substituted LMO has ability for absorbing electromagnetic waves. In this paper, we report recent investigations on substituted LaMnO3 with designated La(1-x)BaxFe0.25Mn0.5Ti0.25O3 (x= 0, 0.25, 0.75, 1) compositions. Materials were prepared by mechanical alloying technique. After heat treatments at sintering temperatures 1100°C, 1200°C and 1300°C to the quasi-crystalline powders, presence of material phases were confirmed by XRD. Single phase material was obtained in samples of 0.25 x < 0.75 compositions. Mean crystallite size of sintered materials showed that crystallites were in a nanocrystalline regime. It is then concluded, during mechanically alloyed sintering powder materials, solid-state reaction and crystallisation promoted formation of particles containing nanocrystallites. Microwave absorption data showed that materials with large amount of substituted Ba ion gives broad absorption profiles. Total substitution of La by Ba ions (x=1) has significantly changed absorption profile. Smaller mean crystallite sizes indicated an increase in reflection loss value. In this report, empirical relationship between nanostructure and absorption profile of material is discussed.
Performance of Natural Carotenoids from Musa aromatica and Citrus medica var Lemon as Photosensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with TiO2 Nanoparticle
Authors: Eka Cahya Prima , Yuliarto Brian , Suyatman Suyatman
Published: February 2014

Several natural dyes have been extracted from tropical fruit shells such as Musa aromatica and Citrus medica var Lemon fruit shells. The resulting dyes have been used as sensitizer at dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The main pigments, which are carotenoids, was obtained by extraction and purification at dark room. Ethanol and water are used as solvents. The dyes have been characterized through UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The thin ﬁlm of TiO2 anatase has been sintered at 450°C to enhance ﬁlm compactness. According to the experimental results, the DSSC conversion efficiency which has been prepared by carotenoid dye from Musa aromatica fruit shell extract is 0.21%, 0.614 V of open-circuit voltage (VOC), 0,280 of short-circuit current density (JSC) mA/cm2, 56 μW of maximum power (Pmax) and 0.43 of ﬁll factor (FF). Then, the DSSC conversion eﬃciency which has been prepared by carotenoid dye from Citrus medica var Lemon fruit shell extract is 0.05%, 0.460 V of VOC, 0.093 mA/cm2 of JSC, 14 μW of Pmax and 0.44 of FF. The measurement of I-V curve demonstrated that carotenoid was potential component as sensitizer for DSSC.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution by Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Composite
Authors: Kusrini Eny , Sofyan Nofrijon , Nurjaya Dwi Marta , Santoso Santoso , Tristantini Dewi
Published: February 2014

Hydroxyapatite/chitosan (HApC) composite has been prepared by precipitation method and used for removal of heavy metals (Cr6+, Zn2+ and Cd2+) from aqueous solution. The HAp and 3H7C composite with HAp:chitosan ratio of 3:7 (wt%) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The SEM results showed that HAp is spherical-shaped and crystalline, while chitosan has a flat structure. SEM micrograph of 3H7C composite reveals crystalline of HAp uniformly spread over the surface of chitosan. The crystal structure of HAp is maintained in 3H7C composite. Chitosan affects the adsorption capacity of HAp for heavy metal ions; it binds the metal ions as well as HAp. The kinetic data was best described by the pseudo-second order. Surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion take place in the mechanism of adsorption process. The binding of HAp powder with chitosan made the capability of composite to removal of Cr6+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution effective. The order of removal efficiency (Cr6+ > Cd2+ > Zn2+) was observed.
Reduction of Nickel Ion Release on a TiO2 Coated onto an Orthodontic Wire
Authors: Pintowantoro Sungging , Setiyorini Yuli
Published: February 2014

NiTi is alloy that has unique properties include shape memory dan superelasticity. However, it has disadvantages which cause allergic and toxicity to the body from the Ni release. In order to reduce Ni release and increase corrosion resistance an Electropolishing Pretreatment-Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation (EP-PEO) and Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) coating were synthesized in order to produce TiO2. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was depicted various morphologies of NiTi orthodontic wire surface. Ni release experiment in various saliva by using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) was shown reducing Ni release significantly both in saliva pH 3 dan pH 6.25 in AOP coating for 2 months monitoring. This results confirmed that the Ni release was evidently decreased and the corrosion resistance significantly improved after coated with AOP.
Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticle Using Starch as a Template by Sol-Gel Method for the Application of UV Protection
Authors: Komalasari Maya , Sunendar Bambang
Published: February 2014

Nanotechnology is one of the key technology had been developed since in all fields including textile industries for medical, hygienic, and technical textiles. Particle size with nanohad been indicated in particular for the application of controlled release material for functional textiles. TiO2 nanopowder has remarkable photo-catalytic and semiconductor as material for various advanced technology fields of application such as UV Protection. In this research the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticle and characterization had been conducted successfully by sol-gel method. The starch was used as a template to get nanoparticles structure. TiO2 sol with narrow particle size distribution using TiCl4 as the starting material. The sol was prepared by a process where HCl was added to a gel of hydrated titanium oxide to dissolve it. The effect of preparation parameters were investigated, by deionized water : HCl 1 M was slowly added to TiCl4 at 5 °C. In this study the production of anatase or rutile TiO2 nanostructured powder by forced hydrolysis of aqueous Ti (IV) chloride solution and concentration from 0,3, 0,5 then 1 M. TiO2 sphere were fabricated by a facile and low cost stable starch assisted by sol-gel method. Aqueous solution of starch was added and then heated in temperature 80°C and aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide was added to adjust pH to 8. After aging period of time, the white precipitate was filtered and then calcined in temperature 5000 C. The as-obtained samples were characterize,kjnhjd by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis. The particle size is less than 100 nm and if it uses template particle TiO2 more uniform distribution and spherical shape with particle size 170 200 nm. Crystalinity particle is 4 19 nm and the phase structure of anatase and rutile. The energy band gap semiconductor TiO2 synthesis is 3.1 to 3.7 eV. Surface area without template starch 40.655 m2/g, with total for volume 0.278 cm3/g and pore size of 27 nm, and used template starch surface area 35.488m2/g with total for volume 0.196 cm3/g and pore size of 22 nm. Based on this research, the best a crystal phase for UV protection application is rutile phase.
The Dinamic Cyclic Trend Phenomena of Cement-Fly Ash Smart Concrete Compressive Strength and Resistivity in Various Composition of Polymer Carbon Fiber
Authors: Lestari Yulinda , Hardono Setyo , Ramadhan Gilang , Akbar Ari Yustisia , Eni Sugiarti
Published: February 2014

Smart concrete is an innovative material because it can serve as a sensor without any additional sensors in it. It is reinforced with carbon fiber that has gone through the pyrolysis process at high temperature to produce carbon content above 90%. The carbon fiber used in this study was Polyacrylonitrile. The working principle of carbon fiber sensor works piezoresistivity that respond to changes in mechanical (stress and strain) to electrical impulses. The resistivity changes that will be converted into units of load on the display circuit system. Key to success of this research was the concrete formulations and systems were sensitive and accurate readings so that any small change in resistivity could be directly detected. Variations in carbon fiber were added to the 0-1% by weight of cement with interval 0.5. Fly ash was added as a filler to reduce the use of cement. Results obtained from dynamic cyclic testing showed that the compressive strength was the best in the concrete without carbon fiber, then decline in line with the increased number of carbon fiber. But inversely proportional to the resistivity of the concrete produced. Smart concrete must have a high sensitivity to changes in stress / strain, it should also meet the required concrete strength both press and flexible to avoid initial crack.
Research on the Manufacturing of Steam Turbine Blade by Using Investment Casting Technology
Authors: Hafid Hafid
Published: February 2014

This paper presents the results of research on the manufacturing of steam turbine blade by using investment casting technology. Metal forming technology with precision casting process or investment casting is the right technology for the manufacture of turbine blades, because it can produce casting products that has advantages in size and shape accuracy, surface finish and the ability to produce thin casting, which the usually foundry can not be done. The purpose of this research is to produce a good quality of the casting products as an effort to reduce import dependency of steam turbine blade and to be the alternative way of making steam turbine blades in Indonesia, in addition to the machining process. Based on the experimentation trial implemented on casting products of stainless steel 304, the result indicates that the injection temperature for the wax NF-411 and optimal nozzle in hydraulic injection machine are 64°C and 30°C, injection pressure 1.75 MPa and injection time 9 seconds. The best casting induction furnace achieved at temperature 1,620°C as for to the number of ceramic mould coat which is good to be obtained at 7 layers. The testing results show that: (1) the chemical composition is appropriate with standard, (2) the hardness is 160 HB, (3) the shrinkage is 2.83%.
Effect of Phenolic Resin and Alignment to the Quality of Prototype Composite Railway Brake Blocks
Authors: Triono Agus , Ign Wiratmaja Puja , Brodjonegoro Satryo Soemantri , Ramelan Aditianto
Published: February 2014

The use of composites for railway brake provides several benefits among others: five times lighter than cast iron, install easily, lifetime five times longer, lower wear rate, cost to lifetime ratio better than other. Studies about composite brake have been done before. Optimum composition have been found also. But when the composition is applied to the manufacture of the prototype, the results are unsatisfactory. Therefore it needs advanced research abaout composition and procedure of process. In this studies, effect of phenolic resin and alignment would be researched. Results of that studies shows that addition of phenolic resin improve the quality of the prototype. Crack would be occured if position of the prototype was not alignment with the axis of dies.
Effects of Welding Parameters in Micro Friction Stir Lap Welding of Aluminum A1100
Authors: Baskoro Ario Sunar , Nugroho A.A. , Rahayu D. , Suwarsono Suwarsono , Kiswanto Gandjar , Winarto Winarto
Published: February 2014

Technology of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) as a technique for joining metal is relatively new. In some cases on Aluminum joining, FSW gives better results compared with the Arc Welding processes, including the quality of welds and less distortion. FSW can even use milling machine or drilling machine, by replacing the tools and the appropriate accessories. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of process parameters on micro Friction Stir Lap Welding to the tensile load of welds. In this case, Aluminum material A1100, with thickness of 0.4 mm was used. Tool material of HSS material was shaped with micro grinding process. Tool shoulder diameter was 3 mm, while the diameter pin was 2 mm and a length of pin was 0.7 mm. The parameter variations used in this study were the variable of spindle speed (2300, 2600, and 2900 rpm), variable of tooltilt angle (0, 1, 2 degree) and a variable of Feed rate (50, 60, 70 mm/min). Where the variation of these parameters will affect to the mechanical properties of welds (as response) was the tensile load. Analysis and optimization parameters between the micro FSLW parameters with the tensile load of welds, is used a Response Surface Methods (RSM). From the result of experiment and analysis, it is shown that the important welding parameter in Micro Friction Stir Lap welding process is tilt angle.
Crystallite Growth Kinetics of BaFe12O19/SrTiO3 Based Composites Derived from Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Widodo Rahmat Doni , Manaf Azwar , Sardjono P.
Published: February 2014

Barium hexaferrite and strontium titanate are respectively well established permanent magnet and piezoelectric materials which are technologically and scientifically attractive due to their potential for various applications in the field of magnetic electronics functional materials. However, the material properties for both require a careful control of grain structure as well as microstructure design to meet specific applications. In this work, we report some results of materials characterization especially particles and crystallites in a BaFe12O19/SrTiO3 composite which were promoted during mechanical milling. The composite was synthesized using a planetary ball mill with a ball to powder ratio 10:1. Changing in the particle and crystallite-sizes at various milling time up to 60 hours are studied with the aid of particle-size analyzer and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the particle size of composite powders initially increased due to laminated layers formation of a composite and then decreased to an asymptotic value of ~8 μm as the milling time extended even to a relatively longer time. However, based on results of line broadening analysis the mean crystallite size of the particles was found in the nanometer scale. We thus believed that mechanical blending and milling of mixture components for the composite materials has promoted heterogeneous nucleation and only after successive sintering at 1100 °C the millled powder transformed into particles of nanograin. The crystallite growth kinetics at isothermal temperatures follow the relaxation equation with the activation energy value for BHF (QBHF) and STO (QSTO) are respectively 73.63 kJ/mol and 122.69 kJ/mol.
Springback Prediction Compensation and Optimization for Front Side Member in Sheet Metal Forming Using FEM Simulation
Authors: Anggono Agus Dwi , Siswanto Waluyo Adi , Badrul Omar
Published: February 2014

Numerical simulation by finite element method has become a powerful tool in predicting and preventing the unwanted effects of sheet metals technological processing. One of the most important problems in sheet metal forming is the compensation of springback. To improve the accuracy of the formed parts, the die surfaces are required to be optimized so that after springback the geometry falls at the expected shape. This paper presents and discusses numerical simulation procedure of die compensation by using the methods of Simplified Displacement Adjustment (SDA). This analysis use Benchmark 3 models of Numisheet 2011. Sensitively analysis was done by using finite element method (FEM) show that the springback values are influenced by element size, integration points and material properties.
Oxidation Characteristics of Various Nickel Composite Coated on Ferritic Stainless Steel
Authors: Setiawan Asep Ridwan , Ramdan Raden Dadan , Prawara Budi , Steven Steven , Suratman Rochim
Published: February 2014

The present works concerns in developing alternative interconnect material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) application. For this purpose, ferritic stainless steel is used as the substrate material while various nickel composite layers were coated on the substrate in order to improve its oxidation resistance at SOFC application temperature. Nickel layers were deposited on ferritic stainless steel by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) method. In order to create nickel-oxide layer, the coated samples is then heated at temperature of 950°C for 1 hour, wherease sol-gel coating was performed on the coated samples in order to create nickel manganese oxide spinnel composite layers. All samples were then oxidized at temperature 800°C for 8 hours, in order to evaluate their oxidation characteristics at SOFC service temperature. Before and after oxidation, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were performed to all samples. It was observed that coated samples effectively inhibit the formation of chromium oxide that normally occurs on stainless steel surface at SOFC service temperature.
High Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Co-Based Coating at 800o C as Alternative Coating Material for SOFC Interconnect
Authors: Setiawan Asep Ridwan , Suratman Rochim
Published: February 2014

Cobalt based oxide are promising as coating material for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect due to their high oxidation resistance and conductivity. In this report, Co-based coating layer was deposited on AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel substrate using thermal spray methods. The high temperature oxidation behavior of Co-based coating was studied in air atmosphere at 800 °C. Optical and SEM observation shows that the total thickness of Co-based layer was about 100-120 μm. The coatings were mainly growth by the melted particles impacting on the substrate that flatten to form splats which later on piled on top of the others. Phase identification by XRD showed that the coating layer contained Co3O4, and NiO oxides. EDS analysis indicated that the coating layer were sufficient to prevents the formation and the growth of Cr2O3 scale. The Co-based coating shows relatively a large mass gain during oxidation compared to the uncoated steel, with parabolic rate constant, Kp = 4x10-15 gr2.mm-4.ks-1.
The Influence of Coal and Reduction Process Parameters in Producing Iron Nugget
Authors: Soedarsono Johny Wahyuadi , Kawigraha Adji , Sulamet-Ariobimo Rianti Dewi , Asy'ari M. Amryl , Yosi Andre , Putra Eko Mulia
Published: February 2014

Limitation of iron ore reserve having high quality ore and of energy has enhanced development in iron and steel producing technology and method. The ITmk3 process is one of iron making technology that can cope with the problems. It uses composite pellet as feeding material. In this process the ratio between iron and carbon are very important. Carbon holds an important role in the reduction process of iron. The transformation from iron oxides to iron metal will complete if composite pellet contains enough carbon. This paper discusses the influence of carbon ratio in iron reduction process. Nickel saprolite and coal are used as iron and carbon source. They are grinded, crushed, sieved, mixed and formed in cylinders. The weight ratios of ores to coal are 1:1 and 2:1. The reduction held in a furnace at 1100OC for 60 minutes and 1250OC for 120 minutes. The results show that the reduction could not complete. Weak peak of FeNi is due to reduction process do not immediately follow the dehydroxylation process.
Anatase TiO2 Enrichment from Bangka Ilmenite (FeTiO3) and its Photocatalytic Test on Degradation of Congo Red
Authors: Sariman Sariman , Krisnandi Yuni Krisyuningsih , Setiawan Budi
Published: February 2014

Anatase TiO2 enrichment from Bangka ilmenite (FeTiO3) has been conducted. First, ilmenite was mechanically activated using a planetary ballmill to obtain sub-micron sized particle followd by magnetic separation. Chemical treatment, dissolution of iron using hydrochloric solution, was performed to obtain titania rich residue. EDX data shows that the iron content was reduced in the titania residue. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) solution was added to the washed precipitate, before adding H2O2 solution (10%) that acted as a coordination agent to leach titanium from the the residue in the form of ammonium peroxo titanate solution. The peroxo titanate powder was obtained by evaporating the ammonium peroxo titanate solution. XRD data show that TiO2 anatase was formed after peroxo titanate powder was calcined at the temperature of 600°C. EDX data also shows that the obtained anatase TiO2 still has impurities, such as silicon (0.98%) and iron (2.75%). Its photocatalytic activity was studied on photodegradation of Congo Red and compared with the photocatalytic activity of commercial TiO2, Degussa P-25. The photoreactivity test on degradation of Congo Red solution with the as-prepared Anatase gave 20% degradation which is still inferior compared to the results given by Degussa P25 (92%). This indicates that the impurities in as-prepared Anatase may cover the titania surface hindering the contact between Congo Red as well as UV-light and the active titania species.
Electroless Plating of Al2O3 Particles Reinforced Composites
Authors: Zulfia Anne , Adyatma Andika Insan
Published: February 2014

Electroless plating is one method to coat Al2O3 particles reinforced. This process has been carried out to coat Al2O3 with electrolite solution which content of nitride acid (HNO3), Al and Mg powders. The metal oxide layer of spinel phase (MgAl2O4) is formed on the surface of Al2O3 which can improve wettability of Al2O3. The addition of Mg powder into solution was various from 0.002 to 0.012 mol while Al powder was kept constant i,e. 0.018 mol. The effect of Mg on formation of metal oxide layer on Al2O3 particles have been studied. It is found that the addition of 0.004 mol of Mg generated homogeneous thin spinel layer (MgAl2O4) on the surface of Al2O3 particles. This condition was applied to form spinel layer on Al2O3 particles reinforced for making Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMC) with 12.5Vf% of Al2O3 particles reinforced. It is found that tensile strength and hardness as well as wear resistance of AMC has been improved compare to unreinforced.
G Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinase-6 Interacts with Activator of G Protein Signaling-3 To Regulate CXCR2-Mediated Cellular Functions
Authors: Singh Vandana , Raghuwanshi Sandeep K. , Smith Nikia , Rivers Elizabeth J. , Richardson Ricardo M.
Published: February 2014

The IL-8 (CXCL8) receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 couple to Gαi to induce leukocyte recruitment and activation at sites of inflammation. We recently showed that CXCR1 couples predominantly to the G protein–coupled receptor kinase (GRK)2, whereas CXCR2 interacts with GRK6 to regulate cellular responses. In addition to G protein–coupled receptors, GRKs displayed a more diverse protein/protein interaction in cells. In this study, we sought to identify GRK6 binding partner(s) that may influence CXCL8 activities, using RBL-2H3 cells stably expressing CXCR1 (RBL-CXCR1) or CXCR2 (RBL-CXCR2), as well as human and murine neutrophils. Our data demonstrated that, upon CXCR2 activation, GRK6 interacts with activator of G protein signaling (AGS)3 and Gαi2 to form a GRK6/AGS3/Gαi2 complex. This complex is time dependent and peaked at 2–3 min postactivation. GTPγS pretreatment blocked GRK6/AGS3/Gαi2 formation, suggesting that this assembly depends on G protein activation. Surprisingly, CXCR2 activation induced AGS3 phosphorylation in a PKC-dependent, but GRK6-independent, fashion. Overexpression of AGS3 in RBL-CXCR2 significantly inhibited CXCL8-induced Ca2+ mobilization, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, and chemotaxis. In contrast, short hairpin RNA inhibition of AGS3 enhanced CXCL8-induced Ca2+ mobilization, receptor resistance to desensitization, and recycling to the cell surface, with no effect on receptor internalization. Interestingly, RBL-CXCR2-AGS3−/− cells displayed a significant increase in CXCR2 expression on the cell surface but decreased ERK1/2 and P38 MAPK activation. Taken together, these results indicate that GRK6 complexes with AGS3-Gαi2 to regulate CXCR2-mediated leukocyte functions at different levels, including downstream effector activation, receptor trafficking, and expression at the cell membrane.
Age-Related Decrease in TCR Repertoire Diversity Measured with Deep and Normalized Sequence Profiling
Authors: Britanova Olga V. , Putintseva Ekaterina V. , Shugay Mikhail , Merzlyak Ekaterina M. , Turchaninova Maria A. , Staroverov Dmitriy B. , Bolotin Dmitriy A. , Lukyanov Sergey , Bogdanova Ekaterina A. , Mamedov Ilgar Z. , Lebedev Yuriy B. , Chudakov Dmitriy M.
Published: February 2014

The decrease of TCR diversity with aging has never been studied by direct methods. In this study, we combined high-throughput Illumina sequencing with unique cDNA molecular identifier technology to achieve deep and precisely normalized profiling of TCR β repertoires in 39 healthy donors aged 6–90 y. We demonstrate that TCR β diversity per 106 T cells decreases roughly linearly with age, with significant reduction already apparent by age 40. The percentage of naive T cells showed a strong correlation with measured TCR diversity and decreased linearly up to age 70. Remarkably, the oldest group (average age 82 y) was characterized by a higher percentage of naive CD4+ T cells, lower abundance of expanded clones, and increased TCR diversity compared with the previous age group (average age 62 y), suggesting the influence of age selection and association of these three related parameters with longevity. Interestingly, cross-analysis of individual TCR β repertoires revealed a set >10,000 of the most representative public TCR β clonotypes, whose abundance among the top 100,000 clones correlated with TCR diversity and decreased with aging.
Negative Regulation by PD-L1 during Drug-Specific Priming of IL-22–Secreting T Cells and the Influence of PD-1 on Effector T Cell Function
Authors: Gibson Andrew , Ogese Monday , Sullivan Andrew , Wang Eryi , Saide Katy , Whitaker Paul , Peckham Daniel , Faulkner Lee , Park B. Kevin , Naisbitt Dean J.
Published: February 2014

Activation of PD-1 on T cells is thought to inhibit Ag-specific T cell priming and regulate T cell differentiation. Thus, we sought to measure the drug-specific activation of naive T cells after perturbation of PD-L1/2/PD-1 binding and investigate whether PD-1 signaling influences the differentiation of T cells. Priming of naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells against drug Ags was found to be more effective when PD-L1 signaling was blocked. Upon restimulation, T cells proliferated more vigorously and secreted increased levels of IFN-γ, IL-13, and IL-22 but not IL-17. Naive T cells expressed low levels of PD-1; however, a transient increase in PD-1 expression was observed during drug-specific T cell priming. Next, drug-specific responses from in vitro primed T cell clones and clones from hypersensitive patients were measured and correlated with PD-1 expression. All clones were found to secrete IFN-γ, IL-5, and IL-13. More detailed analysis revealed two different cytokine signatures. Clones secreted either FasL/IL-22 or granzyme B. The FasL/IL-22–secreting clones expressed the skin-homing receptors CCR4, CCR10, and CLA and migrated in response to CCL17/CCL27. PD-1 was stably expressed at different levels on clones; however, PD-1 expression did not correlate with the strength of the Ag-specific proliferative response or the secretion of cytokines/cytolytic molecules. This study shows that PD-L1/PD-1 binding negatively regulates the priming of drug-specific T cells. ELISPOT analysis uncovered an Ag-specific FasL/IL-22–secreting T cell subset with skin-homing properties.