bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Ulhôa Martha Tupinambá de , Santos Rafael dos , Machado Adelcio Camilo
Published: September 2020

Esta edição de Música Popular em Revista representa o início de uma nova fase de publicação visando a indexação da revista. Mais recentemente, conseguimos consolidar um grupo de colaboradores que muito tem auxiliado na avaliação dos trabalhos, sempre com a preocupação de seguir as normas básicas de rigor acadêmico, submetendo cada artigo ao processo duplo cego, como informado nas políticas editoriais. Como estratégia editorial planejamos continuar a contar com organizadores de dossiê a cada número, encarregados de convidar especialistas a submeter artigos para a Música Popular em Revista. Assim, cada número deverá contar com uma seção temática com cerca de quatro ou cinco textos, além dos artigos recebidos em fluxo contínuo, assim como resenhas (tanto de publicações de livros, vídeos, fonogramas,quanto de sites musicais), traduções e entrevistas.
The Correlation between Work Barrier with Employee’s Discipline on Occupational Safety and Health
Authors: Kafila Rachma Noor , Puspitasari Popy , Wulandari Ratna Dwi
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Hospital as one of the health services in Indonesia is required to implement the development of human resources or health workers in health services. Conducting hospital coach should be specific to build on certain aspects. The coaching can be done by looking at aspects that are lacking in the assessment of human resources. Wiyung Sejahtera Surabaya Hospital has a decision of discipline that decreased from year to year. Researcher needed see any factor that can lead to low employees’ discipline. One factor that can contribute was the job barrier felt by the employees. This study aimed to determine the relationship of work barriers as one of the employees’ benchmark in the hospital on the employees’ performance level at Wiyung Sejahtera Surabaya Hospital. Method: The type of this research was quantitative research with an analytic observational method. Based on the time, this research used a cross-sectional design. The population in this study was the employees of Wiyung Sejahtera Surabaya hospital with 80 samples taken through proportional sampling technique. The independent and dependent variables of this research were work barriers and work discipline. Data were analyzed using Kendall's tau-b test to determine the correlation between the two variables. Results: The results obtained that the work barrier had a negative significant correlation to the discipline of employees in the Wiyung Sejahtera Surabaya hospital. The higher the obstacle of work owned by employees in the hospital, the lower the discipline of the employees. Conclusion: The barriers can lower the discipline of employees at the hospital.Keywords: discipline, occupational health and safety, work barriee
EFFECT OF FISH-OIL-ENRICHED INTRAVENOUS LIPID EMULSION ON SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE SYNDROME IN POST INTESTINAL SURGERY CHILDREN
Authors: Sumitro Khadijah Rizky , Herdiana Hanindita Meta , Aisiyah Widjaja Nur , Irawan Roedi
Published: September 2020

Intravenous lipid emulsions (IVLE) is one of the compositions of the parenteral nutrition (PN) that recommended in children who cannot meet their caloric requirements especially after small intestinal surgery and diff erentiated by their infl ammatory eff ects. The fi rst generation IVLE is proinfl ammatory, the second and the third are infl ammatory neutral, while the fourth (fi sh-oil-enriched) is anti-infl ammatory. The objective of this study is to investigate the eff ect of fi shoil enriched IVLE on systemic infl ammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in children after small intestinal surgery. A retrospective study using medical record was undertaken in children after small intestinal surgery admitted Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya in 2016-2017. Children with duodenal and jejunoileal atresia who had PN for at least three days were included. The types of IVLE used are FOLE and non-FOLE. Defi nition of SIRS was based on International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference in 2005. A total of 25 children were included in this study. There were 44% children received FOLE and 48% received non-FOLE while 8% children received no IVLE. Median duration and dose of IVLE was 8 (5-15,5) days and 1,8 (1,25-2) g/kg/day. SIRS was signifi cantly more common in girls (OR 9 95%CI 1,3-63,0; p=0,036) and in the non-FOLE children (OR 8,0 95% CI 1,24 – 51,50; p=0,022).
Análise comparativa entre os mecanismos e os processos legislativos norte-americano e brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Daniela Rezende de
Published: September 2020

Partindo-se da leitura do artigo de David Marcello, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma análise comparativa entre os processos legislativo brasileiro e americano. O texto demonstra que, sob o aspecto teórico, o modelo legislativo brasileiro é muito similar ao norte-americano, tanto no que diz respeito ao processo legislativo, quanto no que se refere à organização dos poderes – em especial, os poderes Executivo e Legislativo. Contudo, sob o ponto de vista prático, o artigo demonstra que esses modelos legislativos se diferem sob iversos aspectos, principalmente, em termos de organização político-partidária, regulamentação das atividades dos grupos de pressão e acerca da participação pública no processo legislativo. Ademais, o presente trabalho demonstra que, no modelo brasileiro, o Executivo participa ativamente de boa parte do processo legislativo, em razão da existência do instituto legislativo da medida provisória.
ANALISIS KINERJA AIR HEATER DI PLTU ASAM-ASAM UNIT 2
Authors: Irawan Irawan , Mursadin Aqli
Published: September 2020

Indonesia as one of the largest coal producers utilizes this advantage by establishing a steam power plant, one of which is Borneo south PLTU power plant PT.PLN (persero) south of Borneo and Central Borneo Asam-Asam generation sector. One important component of PLTU is air heater to raise the combustion air temperature. Initial heating of ljungstrom type lattest regenerative air  heater in PLTU Asam-Asam unit 2 is carried out cleaning and maintenance on seal and gas side surfaces to optimize heat transfer coefficient and ratio of air intake ratio exposed by forced draft fan and air heated by flue gas in heater air heater elements and transferred to the combustion chamber to make efficient use of new fuel. Measurements were carried out on August 9, 2017 for 2 hours to find out the average value of heat transfer coefficient and temperature comparison of entry and exit from air heater of Asam-Asam unit 2 steam power plant. This research was conducted to find out the value of heat transfer coefficient and air temperature ratio with measurement on the inlet and outlet for two hours. The results of the air heater performance analysis in in PLTU Asam-Asam unit 2 steam power plant in terms of the highest heat transfer coefficient was 62.75 W/m^2.℃ at 2:04 PM, while the lowest heat transfer coefficient was 62.37 W/m^2.℃ at 3:10 PM, and the average heat transfer coefficient is 62.50 W/m^2.℃ . While the highest water heater ratio 9.70 at 3:44 PM and the lowest ratio 8.32 at minute 3:09 PM, and the average water heater ratio 9.01. Heater water heater elements in good condition and performance in receiving and releasing heat. Keywords: Air Heater,  Heat Transfer Coefficient, Temperature Ratio,  Heating  Elements
ANALISA PENGENDALIAN RISIKO KERJA PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SINGLE POINT MOORING DENGAN METODE RISK ASSESMENT
Authors: Isnani Yuliana , Samlawi Achmad Kusairi
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the working risk of preventive maintenance Single Point Mooring and to determine the existing risk control on preventive maintenance activities Single Point Mooring in PT. Pertamina RU-V Balikpapan. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with observasional approach. The method used is case study on PT. Pertamina RU-V Balikpapan. Data obtained through observation, interview, and documentation. The validity of data is done by membercheck method, and data analysis using semi quantitative risk assesment with AS/NZS 4360 Standard. The results showed (1) the percentage of working risk of Single Point Mooring preventive maintenance activity using risk assesment method shows 29,41% low risk, 64,70% medium risk, and 5,88% high risk. (2) 6 risk controls methods are elimination, substitution, engineering control, isolation, administration control and personal protective equipment. The dominant control method used is the metod of personal protective equipment and administration control. The prevention of occupational injuries addressed to the environment of machines, work equipment, and especially human factors
PENGARUH TEMPERATUR TUANG DAN JENIS MATERIAL AL RONGSOK (PISTON SEPEDA MOTOR DAN KALENG MINUMAN) TERHADAP POROSITAS, KEKERASAN, DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO HASIL PENGECORAN EVAPORATIVE
Authors: Jurni Muhammad , Siswanto Rudi
Published: September 2020

Aluminum used many generated from household, workshop, office, factory and so on. All this time, the Al scrap is only collected by the owner and sold to the foundry foundry industry. It can be recycled into various products for various alternative products and has the potential to become a source of business. The evaporative casting method is to use Styrofoam as a pattern dumped in the printed sand. This method will produce castings that match the pattern of Styrofoam made. Melting is done by liquefying Al in a crucible furnace and then poured with a variation of casting temperatur of 650°C, 700°C, 750°C, 800°C. The objective of this research is to know the temperatur of pouring temperatur and material type to micro structure, porosity, and hardness of evaporative casting. The smelting furnace uses a crucible furnace with charcoal wood fuel. Materials used for casting Al scrap piston motorcycles and beverage cans. From the observation of the microstructure shows that the higher temperatur of the dendrite chamber size will change from short thin flakes to flakes. The thicker the thicker the lighter the export the higher and the higher the hardness. Keywords: Evaporative Casting, Effect Of Casting Temperatur
PROSES MANUFAKTUR TURBIN ANGIN SUMBU VERTIKAL TIPE DARRIEUS
Authors: Effendi Rian , Siswanto Rudi
Published: September 2020

Wind turbine is one of the tools yamg work to take advantage of wind allergy. Wind turbines based on the type of rotor there are two types of Darrieus wind turbines and Savonius wind turbines. In the manufacturing process using a type of wind turbine type Darrieus. The darrieus turbine is a wind turbine that utilizes the lift style on the rotor blade. This turbine requires initial energy to spin. The formulation of the problem in making this wind turbine is How does the manufacturing process of vertical turbine type darrieus wind turbine and How much is the cost budget on the manufacturing process of the darrieus type verical wind turbine. The components of the wind turbine are the foot frame, bearing bearings, bearings, shafts, disks, blade arms, blades, transmission pulleys and belts-v, while the tools and machinery used in the manufacturing process are electric welding tools, electric grinding wheels, , hand drilling machine, sitting drilling machine, cut lever, riverter pliers, acetylene welding and lathe. Keywords: Wind Turbine, Turbine Components, Tools and MachinesApple, JM. Tata Letak Pabrik dan Pemindahan Bahan. Bandung : Penerbit ITB, Terj. Nurhayati Mardiono.,1990.Maheswari Hesti,Achmad Dany Firdauzy.2015. “Evaluasi Tata Letak Fasilitas Produksi Untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Kerja Pada Pt. Nusa Multilaksana. Fakultas Ekonomi”. Jakarta:Universitas Mercu Buana.Susetyo Joko dkk.2010. “Perancangan Ulang Tata Letak Fasilitas Produksi Dengan Pendekatan Group Technology Dan Algoritma Blocplan  Untuk Meminimasi Ongkos  Material Handling”. yogyakarta:AKPRIND.Nova St Meirizha. 2014. “Perancangan Ulang Tata Letak Fasilitas Pada Hanggar Pemeliharaan Pesawat Hawk 100/200  Di Pangkalan Udara Roesmin Nurjadin”. Riau: Program Studi Teknik Industri, Fakultas Teknik,Universitas Muhammadiyah.Wignjosoebroto, sritomo. Tata letak pabrik dan pemindahan bahan. Surabaya: penerbit guna widya., 1996.
ANALISIS KINERJA BOILER DI PT. PLN (PERSERO) WILAYAH KALIMANTAN SELATAN KALIMANTAN TENGAH SEKTOR PLTU ASAM - ASAM
Authors: Perageminisko Jenta Yudi , Mursadin Aqli
Published: September 2020

Boiler is a tool that serves to convert water into pressurized steam. In the heat causes heat boiler heat transfer through the water into pressurized steam that is heated from the fuel in the furnace.And often a problem of burning in the boiler is less than the maximum. Because the incoming energy is energy derived from the fuel, there is some energy lost during the combustion process it happens because the fuel has a low heat so that the combustion is not maximal cause the boiler performance is reduced. To avoid this, it is necessary to  maintenance for the boiler component in order to improve performance. Direct method is "input - output method" because this method uses only the heat in the fuel and steam coming from the boiler output. Boiler efficiency of research results from the date of March 27, 2017 until the date of 10 April 2017 with a total average - average efficiency were analyzed, namely 74.4%. On April 3, 2017 the calculated efficiency of 76.57% indicates that the boiler performance is still feasible to operate but on April 4, 2017 the boiler efficiency becomes 71.59%. Boiler efficiency at commissioning, with boiler efficiency of 85.13% and in 2017 done the boiler efficiency calculation theoretically on 27 March until 10 April 2017 with total average 74.4% where the efficiency decrease equal to 10.73%. Factors affecting the efficiency ratio are in the coal content used. Keywords:Boiler, Performance, Direct Method
PENGARUH AKTIVASI (KIMIA – FISIKA) PADA ARANG KAYU LABAN TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PEMURNIAN BIOGAS & UNJUK KINERJA GENERATOR – SET
Authors: Suwarno Hadi , Samlawi Ach. Kusairi
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh aktivasi (kimia - fisika) pada arang kayu laban terhadap efektivitas pemurnian biogas dan kinerja generator - set. Dalam penelitian ini bahan yang digunakan sebagai media adsorben adalah arang kayu bubuk laban 40-mesh dengan variasi: tidak ada perawatan & aktivasi (kimia - fisika) dalam bentuk arang kayu arang bubuk 40-jala menggunakan NaOH 48% sebagai aktivator untuk 24 jam kemudian dikeringkan menggunakan tungku pada suhu 100 oC selama 1 jam. Setelah itu, arang kering dipanaskan menggunakan tungku pada suhu (550 oC, 650 oC, & 750 oC) selama 1 jam. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan gas analyzer, tachometer, & infrared thermometer. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa variasi dengan aktivasi (kimia - fisika) pada 750 oC memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap efektivitas pemurnian biogas dengan nilai 21% untuk efektivitas karbon dioksida (CO2) & 42,77% untuk efektivitas metana (CH4), serta kinerja genset menunjukkan stabilitas tegangan yang buruk di mana tegangan tetap stabil tanpa beban tetapi tidak stabil saat diberi beban. This study aims to see the effect of activation (chemical - physics) on laban wood charcoal to the effectiveness of biogas purification and performance of generator - set. In this study the material used as an adsorbent medium is a 40-mesh powdered laban wood charcoal with variation: no treatment & activation (chemical - physics) in the form of a 40-mesh powdered charcoal wood charcoal using NaOH 48% as activator for 24 hours then dried using furnace at 100 oC for 1 hour. After that, the dried charcoal was heated using the furnace at temperature (550 oC, 650 oC, & 750 oC) for 1 hour. The test was performed by using gas analyzer, tachometer, & infrared thermometer. The test results showed that variation with activation (chemical - physics) at 750 oC gave the best influence to the effectiveness of biogas purification with value of 21% for carbon dioxide (CO2) effectiveness & 42,77% for methane (CH4) effectiveness , as well as the performance of  generator set indicates poor voltage stability where the voltage remains stable at no load but unstable when given the load.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN CATALYTIC CONVERTER BERBAHAN KAOLIN ADITIF TEMBAGA (Cu) TERHADAP PERFORMA DAN EMISI GAS BUANG PADA KENDARAAN BERMOTOR SATRIA F 150
Authors: Prasetiyo Arif , Ghofur Abdul
Published: September 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan penggunaan penambahan katalis berbentuk keramik pada saluran pembuangan kendaraan bermotor Satria F 150. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah gas CO2, CO, HC. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kantor lingkungan Banjarmasin dengan menggunakan alat analisa gas dan juga dilakukan di bengkel plug and play Banjarmasin dengan menggunakan dinamometer. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah variasi dalam rpm, campuran dan dimensi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: catalytic converter dengan variasi dimensi 2 cm dan 3 cm, tingkat pengurangan emisi CO2 maksimum adalah 21,91% dalam komposisi C rpm 5000, tingkat pengurangan emisi CO adalah 61,71 % dalam komposisi C rpm 5000, dan tingkat pengurangan emisi HC adalah 83,14% dalam komposisi C rpm 5000. Dengan menggunakan catalytic converter dengan variasi dimensi 2 cm menghasilkan tenaga 11,44 hp dan torsi 10,12 Nm dan untuk konverter katalitik dengan Dimensi 3 cm menghasilkan daya 11,30 hp dan torsi 10,01 Nm. The purposeTof this study was to determine the use of ceramic-shaped catalyst additions to the exhaust channel of the Satria F 150 motorized vehicle. This study used the experimental method. The data in this research were CO2 gas, CO , HC. This research was carried out in the banjarmasin environment office using a gas analyzer and was also carried out in the Banjarmasin Banjarmasin plug and play workshop by using a dynamometer. The technique used in data collection was variations in rpm, mixtures and dimensions. The results of this study are: forming a catalytic converter with variations in dimensions of 2 cm and 3 cm, the maximum CO2 emission reduction level is 21.91% in the composition of C rpm 5000, the level of CO emission reduction is 61.71% in composition C rpm 5000, and the level of HC emission reduction is 83.14% in the composition of C rpm 5000. By using a catalytic converter with variations in dimensions of 2 cm produces power of 11.44 hp and torque of 10.12 Nm and for catalytic converters with Dimensions of 3 cm produce power of 11.30 hp and torque of 10.01 Nm.
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL BERBAHAN BAKU AMPAS TEBU DAN KULIT PISANG DENGAN VARIASI MASSA RAGI
Authors: Anwar Fahron , Subagyo Rachmat
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar bioetanol terbaik dari kombinasi campuran ampas tebu dan pisang dengan variasi massa ragi 4 gram, 6 gram dan 8 gram dengan waktu fermentasi 60 jam, untuk menentukan massa ragi yang optimal dan untuk menentukan kadar etanol sesuai untuk SNI. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara hidrolisis atau pendidihan ampas tebu dan kulit pisang untuk memecah molekul menjadi dua bagian dengan air suling, kemudian proses fermentasi dilakukan menggunakan Saccharomyces Cerevisae (ragi) sesuai variasi yang ditentukan dan proses penyulingan dilakukan menggunakan destilator untuk mendapatkan etanol dari fermentasi kemudian diuji dengan Refractometer Pen untuk mengetahui apakah ada etanol yang terbentuk dari proses distilasi. Sampel terbaik yang dipilih kemudian diuji kandungan etanol menggunakan alat Gas Chromatography. Jadi hasil etanol terbaik yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai pencapaian dalam SNI adalah kombinasi dari 75% ampas tebu - 25% kulit pisang dengan penambahan 8 gram ragi dan etanol yang diproduksi sebesar 96,64%. This study aims to determine the best bioethanol levels from a combination of bagasse and banana peel mixtures with variations in yeast mass of 4 grams, 6 grams and 8 grams with a fermentation time of 60 hours, to determine the optimum yeast mass and to determine ethanol levels according to SNI. This research was carried out by hydrolysis or boiling of bagasse and banana peel to break down molecules into two parts with distilled water, then the fermentation process was carried out using Saccharomyces Cerevisae (yeast) according to the specified variation and the distillation process was carried out using a destilator to get ethanol from fermentation then tested with a Refractometer Pen to find out if there is ethanol formed from the distillation process. The best sample selected then tested the ethanol content using the Gas Chromatography tool. So the best ethanol yield that can be categorized as achievement in SNI is a combination of 75% bagasse - 25% banana peel with the addition of 8 grams of yeast and ethanol produced at 96.64%.
Reinventing the wheel? The harmonization between the SDGs and the UN documents for non-communicable diseases risk factors
Authors: Tasca Tiago Gabriel , De Freitas Campos Roberta
Published: September 2020

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are one of the main challenges to the development and well-being of populations. Based on the documents issued by the United Nations system (FAO, ECOSOC, UNGA, and WHO), it is argued that the 2030 Agenda is partially harmonized with the recommendations of these organizations. This partial harmonization is explained through political coherence by illustrating explanatory vectors from 2005 to 2019 for products associated with NCDs risk factors: alcohol, pesticides, ultra-processed foods, and tobacco.
ENHANCING THE PRONUNCIATION OF ENGLISH SUPRASEGMENTAL FEATURES THROUGH REFLECTIVE LEARNING METHOD
Authors: Suwartono Suwartono , Rafli Zainal
Published: September 2020

Suprasegmentals are of paramount importance in spoken English. Yet, these pronunciation features are marginalised in EFL/ESL teaching-learning. This article deals with a study through reflective learning method and That aims to describe the increase in supramental english skill find out if the improvements achieved in the english pronounciation. Kemmis and Taggartâ€™s model of action research was adopted. The study involved twenty-four undergraduate students at Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto, Indonesia. The investigation contained two cycles, each of which comprised three sessions. Data were gathered through observation, recorded conversation, diary, interview, and test. Overall, the study has shown that reflective method using video integrated into communicative activities enhanced student involvement in learning the pronunciation of English suprasegmentals. Students got involved in monitoring and evaluating their own learning. In addition, a majority of the students gave positive response to the instruction. Level of pronunciation mastery rose sharply from only 4.16% of students passing the test in the pre-intervention (baseline) to 65.21% in first cycle, and 73.9% in second cycle. Most studentsâ€™ pronunciation to some degree sounded â€œmore Englishâ€.
ANALYSIS OF LEARNING MODEL REQUIREMENTSWRITING ACADEMIC BASED ON-LEARNING MOODLE
Authors: Oktarina Santi , Emzir Emzir , Rafli Zainal
Published: September 2020

This study aims to find out how the learning model of moodle-based academic writing in Indonesian subjects required by students at Sriwijaya University in terms of students and lecturers. The method used in this study is research and development (Research and Development as proposed by Borg and Gall.Teknik data collection in the analysis of this need is a questionnaire, library review, interviews, and focus group discussion.The results show first, an instructional model of academic writing in the Moodle-based Indonesian language should refer to the Signs of Group Work Subjects Personality development in universities, the principle -The principle of learning based on KKNI, the principle of learning to write, and the principle of learning E-Learning.Second, the results showed that the shortcomings contained in the learning of academic writing in Indonesian language courses caused this lesson does not refer to Student Group Conduct Signs Personality development in universities, principles of learning based on KKNI, and the principle of learning to write maximally In addition, most lecturers do not use E-Learning learning that has been facilitated by the university. Third, the results of the study show that the learning model of academic writing in Indonesian language is needed is a learning model that applies the principles of learning in accordance with KKNI, the principles of learning to write, and the principles of E-Learning learning by adapting to the characteristics of the language courses Indonesia for college. Meanwhile, Rambu-Rambu Group Implementation Course Development of personality in universities must be adjusted in order to meet the needs of students in academic writing learning in universities.
Tecnologías de aprovechamiento energético de biomasa para la electrificación rural en Cundinamarca
Authors: Sánchez-Gómez Juan Sebastián , Fajardo-Pinilla Juan Manuel
Published: September 2020

En el 2019, el Instituto de Planificación y Promoción de Soluciones Energéticas para las Zonas no Interconectadas (IPSE) reportó 1710 zonas rurales con 128 587 personas que acceden a energía eléctrica entre cuatro y doce horas por día. Este acceso limitado a electricidad genera inseguridad y altos costos en mantener en funcionamiento las plantas eléctricas, con inversiones que superan los cien dólares diarios para generar energía con diésel en municipios con ingresos bajos. Este déficit energético en Colombia es una oportunidad para la generación de electricidad a partir de energías renovables como, por ejemplo, la biomasa, las cuales podrían superar las condiciones geográficas que dificultan la infraestructura eléctrica convencional en las zonas rurales colombianas. Este artículo de revisión presenta los avances y las tendencias sobre las tecnologías de aprovechamiento energético de biomasa en las zonas rurales de Cundinamarca. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar las principales tecnologías implementadas en Cundinamarca sobre el aprovechamiento energético de la biomasa a partir de biodigestión anaerobia. La revisión incluye proyectos productivos que se han desarrollado mediante el diseño y la implementación de biodigestores de bajo costo. Estos proyectos de ingeniería sostenible, desde el año 2000, han permitido empoderar a las comunidades rurales mediante la transferencia de tecnología y la promoción de economías circulares basadas en el emprendimiento y la mejora de la competitividad regional; por eso el texto plantea la necesidad de un futuro estudio ambiental que determine el impacto de estos proyectos productivos sobre los ecosistemas que predominan en estos ambientes rurales.
Solving the Gummy Bears Mystery May Unlock Greater Shale Production
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: September 2020

Gummy bears is one of the names for a gross mix of downhole junk that can foul a separator or clog tubing in the Woodford play in Oklahoma.

The texture is often rubbery - the only connection to the gummy candy - and the color varies depending on whether the well’s output tilts toward oil or gas.

These “unusual semi-solid” accumulations were described in a 2015 Halliburton paper as containing hydrocarbons, sand, iron, fine particles from clay, and sometimes a bit of friction reducer - polyacrylamide to be exact (SPE 173594).

The globs generally are seen at the surface after fracturing. When they are observed downhole, they have been pushed by the well’s flow into “choke points” such as “perforations, tubing anchors, gas lift valves” downhole which are noticed when production declines, the paper said.

Analysis revealed that those semi-solid amalgams contained iron, which was not in the injected fracturing fluid. While the nature of the stuff made poly-acrylamide a likely ingredient, they did not find acrylamide - the ingredient combined with polymers to make friction reducer.

The paper suggested that fracturing “released materials with a strong positive charge (cations)” which were part of “a complex mixture including other solids and the acrylamide, forming a tight emulsion in semi-solid form.”

The paper offered a workable description of what was going on below. But the analysis and solutions offered did not seem to make a dent in the problems that were so bad for some operators in the Woodford that they switched from friction reducer to guar to avoid the gunk.

Guar, a natural product is not as effective as polyacrylamide at reducing friction. While it has long been used to thicken water-based fluids and allow them to deliver more proppant, laboratory testing concluded guar can hinder production.

Substituting guar “is not ideal because the residue guar can [be left] behind on a proppant pack,” said Mark Van Domelen, vice president for technology at Downhole Chemical Solutions (DCS).

The maker and supplier of fracture chemicals has been working with Ovintiv on a way to pump friction reducer without the gummy side effects. Ovintiv, formerly known as Encana, saw improved chemistry as a way to increase production from the Oklahoma acreage it acquired from Newfield Exploration.

The research partners tested the widely held theory that the gunk was created by a reaction between polyacrylamide and pyrite (iron sulfide or FeS2) in fresh water and found, “When an iron source is added to the fluid a nearly instantaneous development of the accumulation material was noted,” according to their paper (URTeC 2487).

A Determined Operator

The partners identified the source of the obvious problem - the gummy bears - and some less obvious ones that could undercut the effectiveness of chemicals used for fracturing.

One of those is the widely used practice of injecting acid on a site before it is stimulated, which is known as an acid spearhead.
Petrobras Trims Drilling by Months With Software That Will One Day Automate Its Offshore Rigs
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: September 2020

After 6 years of using its custom-built drilling advisory system, Brazilian oil and gas company Petrobras has become increasingly confident in the technology’s abilities to help prevent many of the complex problems that challenge pre-salt drilling operations.

Between the summer of 2014 and the end of 2019, the company credits the software innovation with the prediction of more than 100 drilling issues ranging from stuckpipe events to drillpipe leaks. Petrobras said the early warnings prevented an additional 150 days of deepwater drilling which amounts to $130 million in savings, in a new paper (SPE 199077) published in July during the SPE Virtual Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference.

André Leibsohn Martins, a senior consultant with Petrobras, emphasized that the headline figure is “only from diagnosis” of drilling problems and does not include gains Petrobras has made in terms of optimizing the drilling process. More details on that front may be forthcoming since he said the operator is expanding the capabilities of the software to launch a full-fledged drilling optimization campaign next year.

The next stop on the roadmap will be a fully automated system that will control the company’s drilling operations. Martin said the current monitoring-and-advisory system outlined in the paper he coauthored with several colleagues represents “the brain” of that system. “We have all the tools and the methods to create the logics for automated drilling, which will come in the very near future,” he said.

A Long Time Coming

As much as it portends what is to come, the paper also serves as a reminder that the digital transformation of the oil and gas industry is not so new.

The groundwork to create the current advisory system was laid in 2004, 2 years before Petrobras’ first pre-salt discovery was made in the Lula Field of the Santos Basin which produced over 1 million B/D in 2019. Today, virtually all the company’s wells are drilled in the challenging pre-salt reservoirs with the assistance of the software.

Speaking to the past, Martin reflected on the drivers that led to the current iteration. Chief among them was the need to address the misuse of real-time drilling data. “We had a lot of sensors, and we are paying for the sensors, and we had to rely on subjective decisions based on personal experience,” he explained. After acknowledging this as a performance limiter, “we started to think about the digital twin and how we would implement that.”

Other problems Petrobras faced when the project kicked off last decade included the fact that the rank and file on its deepwater rigs were young and therefore lacked the experience to catch drilling issues early on. These factors, on top of the high cost and risks of deepwater exploration, committed Petrobras to what is now a 16-year journey to realize the benefits of digitization.
Oil’s Wisdom Heats Up Drive for Geothermal Energy
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: September 2020

Oil and gas are not the only things in the ground that can power our lives. Heat in the form of geothermal energy is rapidly taking its place alongside other sources of renewable energy, buoyed by the lessons learned from decades of drilling for oil.

“Geothermal is this fantastic resource,” said Susan Hamm, director at the Geothermal Technologies Office in the US Department of Energy. “It’s an always-on renewable energy resource that harnesses the Earth’s natural heat. It improves domestic energy security and flexibility.” These benefits and challenges are the basis of the Geo Vision report (https://www.energy.gov/eere/ geothermal/geovision) created by the Energy Department.

Hamm, along with Tim Latimer, the cofounder and chief executive officer of Fervo Energy, a company working on geothermal energy, and Aparna Raman, president of reservoir performance at Schlumberger, spoke during the Unconventional Resources Technology Conference.

Hamm and Latimer laid out the benefits of geothermal sources of energy beyond its renewability. “It provides dispatchable baseload power,” Hamm said. “And this dispatchable nature is really key. You can turn it on, you can turn it off. You can turn it up, you can turn it down.”

“It not only produces clean power,” Latimer added, “it does it around the clock, 24/7. It’s a fantastic complement to wind and solar resources to decarbonize the hardest parts of the electric grid.”

Hamm mentioned that geothermal complements wind and solar by being widely available, pointing out that geothermal sources are available across the United States (Fig. 1). She also touted geothermal’s reliability, saying that, while solar can provide energy 20% of the time and wind 45% of the time, geothermal sources can provide energy more than 90% of the time.

“In order to have a geothermal resource, you need to have three things,” Hamm said. “You need to have heat at depth, which we’ve already shown is everywhere, just in differing amounts. You need to have a fluid in the subsurface, and you need to have pathways for that fluid to move around to get the heat so you can get it back out.” An enhanced geothermal system (EGS) is a system wherein one or more of those aspects is created where it did not previously exist. “You either fracture the subsurface or you add water, or you do both in order to be able to recover that stranded heat.”

Latimer, who began his career as a drilling engineer, turned toward geothermal sources after working in the Eagle Ford shale, where high temperatures were a problem to be solved. In solving the high-temperature problem, he said cues were taken often from the geothermal industry.
Supplementation with sodium butyrate improves growth and antioxidant function in dairy calves before weaning
Authors: Liu Wenhui , La A La Teng Zhu , Evans Alexander , Gao Shengtao , Yu Zhongtang , Bu Dengpan , Ma Lu
Published: September 2020

Background: There is increasing research interest in using short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyrate as potential alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in animal production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of sodium butyrate (SB) in liquid feeds (milk, milk replacer, and the mixture of both) on the growth performance, rumen fermentation, and serum antioxidant capacity and immunoglobins in dairy calves before weaning. Forty healthy female Holstein calves (4-day-old; 40 ± 5 kg of body weight) were housed in individual hutches and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n = 10 per group) using the RAND analysis method in Excel. The control group was fed no SB (SB0), while the other three groups were supplemented with 15 (SB15), 30 (SB30), or 45 (SB45) g per day of SB mixed into liquid feeds offered. The calves were initially fed milk only (days 2 to 20), a mixture of milk and milk replacer (days 21 to 23), and then milk replacer only (days 24 to 60). Results: The SB supplementation enhanced growth and improved feed conversion into body weight gain compared with the SB0 group，and the average body gain had a tendency to increase linearly with increasing SB supplementation with a quadratic dose effect. No significant effect on rumen pH; concentrations of NH3-N, individual and total VFAs; or acetate: propionate (A:P) ratio was found during the whole experimental period. Serum glutathione peroxidase activity increased linearly with the increased SB supplementation, and the serum concentration of maleic dialdehyde linearly decreased as the SB supplementation amount increased. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, or immunoglobulin M were not affected by the SB supplementation during the whole experimental period. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, SB supplementation improved growth performance and antioxidant ability in pre-weaned dairy calves. We recommended 45 g per day as the optimal level of SB supplementation mixed into liquid feeds (milk or milk replacer) to improve the growth and antioxidant function of dairy calves before weaning.
Uterine Transcriptome Analysis Reveals mRNA Expression Changes Associated with the Ultrastructure Differences of Eggshell in Young and Aged Laying Hens
Authors: Feng Jia , Zhang Hai-jun , Wu Shu-geng , Qi Guang-hai , Wang J.
Published: September 2020

Background: Lower eggshell quality in the late laying period leads to economic loss. It is a major threat to the quality and safety of egg products. Age-related variations in ultrastructure were thought to induce this deterioration. Eggshell formation is a highly complex process under precise regulation of genes and biological pathways in uterus of laying hens. Herein, we evaluated the physical, mechanical and ultrastructure properties of eggshell and conducted RNA sequencing to learn the transcriptomic differences in uterus between laying hens in the peak (young hens) and late phase (aged hens) of production.Results: The declined breaking strength and fracture toughness of eggshell were observed in aged hen group compared to those in young hen group, accompanied with ultrastructure variations including the increased thickness of mammillary layer and the decreased incidence of early fusion. During the initial stage of eggshell formation, a total of 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 125 upregulated and 58 downregulated) were identified in uterus of laying hens in the late phase in relative to those at peak production. The DEGs annotated to Gene Ontology terms related to antigen processing and presentation were downregulated in aged hens compared to young hens. The contents of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in uterus were higher in aged hens relative to those in young hens. Besides, the genes of some matrix proteins potentially involved in eggshell mineralization, such as ovalbumin, versican and glypican 3, were also differentially expressed between two groups.Conclusions: Altered gene expression of matrix proteins along with the compromised immune function in uterus of laying hens in the late phase of production may conduce to age-related impairments of eggshell ultrastructure and mechanical properties. The current study enhances our understanding of the age-related deteriorations in eggshell ultrastructure and provides potential targets for improvement of eggshell quality in the late laying period.
Distinct microbial assemblages associated with genetic selection for high- and low- muscle yield in rainbow trout
Authors: Chapagain Pratima , Walker Donald , Leeds Tim , Cleveland Beth M , Salem Mohamed
Published: September 2020

Background Fish gut microbial assemblages play a crucial role in the growth rate, metabolism, and immunity of the host. We hypothesized that the gut microbiota of rainbow trout was correlated with breeding program based genetic selection for muscle yield. To test this hypothesis, fecal samples from 19 fish representing an F2 high-muscle genetic line (ARS-FY-H) and 20 fish representing an F1 low-muscle yield genetic line (ARS-FY-L) were chosen for microbiota profiling using the 16S rRNA gene. Significant differences in microbial population between these two genetic lines might represent the effect of host genetic selection in structuring the gut microbiota of the host. Results Tukey’s transformed inverse Simpson indices indicated that high muscle yield genetic line (ARS-FY-H) samples have higher microbial diversity compared to those of the low muscle yield genetic line (ARS-FY-L) (LMM, c2(1) =14.11, p<0.05). The fecal samples showed statistically distinct structure in microbial assemblages between the genetic lines (F1,36= 4.7, p<0.05, R2=11.9%). Functional profiling of bacterial operational taxonomic units predicted characteristic functional capabilities of the microbial communities in the high (ARS-FY-H) and low (ARS-FY-L) muscle yield genetic line samples. Conclusion The significant differences of the microbial assemblages between high (ARS-FY-H) and low (ARS-FY-L) muscle yield genetic lines indicate an effect of genetic selection on the microbial diversity of the host. The functional composition of taxa demonstrates a correlation between bacteria and improving the muscle accretion in the host, probably, by producing various metabolites and enzymes that might aid in digestion. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms involved in shaping the microbial community through host genetic selection.
Identifying the know-do gap in evidence-based neonatal care practices among informal health care providers—A cross-sectional study from Ujjain, India
Authors: Mungai Isaac Gikandi , Baghel Sumit Singh , Soni Suchi , Vagela Shailja , Sharma Megha , Diwan Vishal , Tamhankar Ashok J. , Lundborg Cecilia Stålsby , Pathak Ashish
Published: September 2020

Background: More than a quarter of global neonatal deaths are reported from India, and a large proportion of these deaths are preventable. However, in the absence of robust public health care systems in several states in India, informal health care providers (IHCPs) with no formal medical education are the first contact service providers. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of IHCPs in basic evidence-based practices in neonatal care in Ujjain district and investigated factors associated with differences in levels of knowledge.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire with multiple-choice questions covering the basic elements of neonatal care. The total score of the IHCPs was calculated. Multivariate quantile regression model was used to look for association of IHCPs knowledge score with: the practitioners’ age, years of experience, number of patients treated per day, and whether they attended children in their practice.Results: Of the 945 IHCPs approached, 830 (88%) participated in the study. The mean±SD score achieved was 22.3±7.7, with a median score of 21 out of maximum score of 48. Although IHCPs could identify key tenets of enhancing survival chances of neonates, they scored low on the specifics of cord care, breastfeeding, vitamin K use to prevent neonatal hemorrhage, and identification and care of low-birth-weight babies. The practitioners particularly lacked knowledge about neonatal resuscitation, and only a small proportion reported following up on immunizations. Results of quantile regression analysis showed that more than 5 years of practice experience and treating more than 20 patients per day had a statistically significant positive association with the knowledge score at higher quantiles (q75th and q90th) only. IHCPs treating children had significantly better scores across quantiles accept at the highest quantile (90th). Conclusions: The present study highlighted that know-do gap exists in evidence-based practices for all key areas of neonatal care tested among the IHCPs. The study provides the evidence that some IHCPs do possess knowledge in basic evidence-based practices in neonatal care, which could be built upon by future educational interventions. Targeting IHCPs can be an innovative way to reach a large rural population in the study setting and to improve neonatal care services.
Glucose-lactose mixture feeds in industry-like conditions: a gene regulatory network analysis on the hyperproducing Trichoderma reesei strain Rut-C30
Authors: Pirayre Aurélie , Duval Laurent , Blugeon Corinne , Firmo Cyril , Perrin Sandrine , Jourdier Etienne , Margeot Antoine , Bidard Frédérique
Published: September 2020

Background: The degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose molecules into simpler sugars such as glucose is part of the second generation biofuel production process. Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates is usually performed by enzymes produced and secreted by the fungus Trichoderma reesei . Studies identifying transcription factors involved in the regulation of cellulase production have been conducted but no overview of the whole regulation network is available. A transcriptomic approach with mixtures of glucose and lactose, used as a substrate for cellulase induction, was used to help us decipher missing parts in the network of T. reesei Rut-C30.Results: Experimental results on the Rut-C30 hyperproducing strain confirmed the impact of sugar mixtures on the enzymatic cocktail composition. The transcriptomic study shows a temporal regulation of the main transcription factors and a lactose concentration impact on the transcriptional profile. A gene regulatory network built using BRANE Cut software reveals three sub-networks related to iq a positive correlation between lactose concentration and cellulase production, iiq a particular dependence of the lactose onto the β-glucosidase regulation and iiiq a negative regulation of the development process and growth.Conclusions: This work is the first investigating a transcriptomic study regarding the effects of pure and mixed carbon sources in a fed-batch mode. Our study expose a co-orchestration of xyr1 , clr2 and ace3 for cellulase and hemicellulase induction and production, a fine regulation of the β-glucosidase and a decrease of growth in favor of cellulase production. These conclusions provide us with potential targets for further genetic engineering leading to bettercellulase-producing strains in industry-like conditions.