Perilaku Pencegahan dan Sumber Informasi Covid 19 di Perdesaan dan Perkotaan
Authors: Tutisurtimanah  , Sjamsuddin Irfan Nafis , Hasna Hanifah  , Divia Alfianita  , Salma Syifa Audia  , Pratama Mulyawan  
Published: September 2021

Abstrak

Kasus Covid-19 masih bertambah tetapi perilaku pencegahan penularan 3-M yaitu memakai masker, mencuci tangan dengan sabun serta menjaga jarak belum dilakukan seluruh masyarakat. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh jenis tempat tinggal (perdesaan, perkotaan) terhadap perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 dengan mempertimbangkan akses sumber informasi. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian masyarakat Jawa Barat dengan multi stage cluster dan purposive sampling, dipilih dua Rukun Tetangga di kelurahan dan dua Rukun Tetangga di desa dengan jumlah responden 190 orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner berupa google form via WhatsApp serta kuesioner tertulis via wawancara langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan separuh responden berperilaku pencegahan dalam kategori tinggi. Masyarakat perdesaan lebih banyak berperilaku pencegahan kategori tinggi serta memiliki akses sumber informasi Covid-19 dibandingkan masyarakat perkotaan. Terdapat pengaruh signifikan jenis tempat tinggal terhadap perilaku pencegahan dengan dikontrol akses sumber informasi. Masyarakat perdesaan 2,676 kali berperilaku pencegahan, 2,869 kali berpengetahuan serta 4,203 kali melakukan praktek pencegahan Covid-19 dibanding masyarakat perkotaan dengan dikontrol akses sumber informasi. Prioritas pesan penyuluhan yang akan datang adalah gejala dan respon gejala Covid-19, cara pengobatan, alasan tidak patuh 3M, praktek di kendaraan umum dan mau masuk rumah, pengobatan mandiri dan pelayanan kesehatan keluarga di masa pandemi. Multi sumber informasi sebaiknya digunakan agar menjangkau seluruh segmentasi sasaran, sumber informasi utama tokoh masyarakat, pengumuman pemerintah setempat, televisi disertai media visual dan berbasis internet di perkotaan. Penelitian kualitatif lanjutan untuk mengungkap latar belakang rendahnya akses sumber informasi masyarakat perkotaan diperlukan sebagai bahan intervensi.

 Abstract

Covid-19 cases are still increasing but the behavior of preventing transmission, namely wearing masks, washing hands with soap and maintaining distance hasn’t been carried out by the whole community. This study aims to determine the effect of type of residence (rural, urban) on Covid-19 prevention behavior by considering access to information sources. Quantitative research method with cross sectional approach. The population of the people of West Java, with a multi-stage cluster and purposive sampling, selected two neighborhood association in the sub-district and two in the village with 190 respondents. Data collection used a questionnaire in the google form via WhatsApp and a written questionnaire via direct interviews. The results showed that half of the respondents behaved in a high category of behavior prevention. Rural communities are more have high prevention behavior and have access to information sources than urban communities. There is a significant influence on the type of residence on prevention behavior with controlled access to information sources. Rural communities have 2.676 times prevention behavior, 2.869 times knowledge and 4.203 times practice prevention of Covid-19 compared to urban communities with controlled access to information sources. The priority of the information message is the symptoms and symptom response, treatment methods, reasons for not compliant, practicing on public transportation and entering homes, self-medication and family health services during the pandemic. Multi sources of information should be used in order to reach all target segmentations. Qualitative research reveals the background of low access to urban community information sources as material for interventions.