bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRELIMINARY TESTS OF LOCAL HYPERTHERMIA BASED ON INDUCTIVELY HEATED TUMOR BED IMPLANT
Authors: Vasilchenko Ilya , Vasilchenko Ilya , Osintsev Alexey , Osintsev Alexey , Stauffer Paul , Stauffer Paul , Loyko Ilya , Loyko Ilya , Pastushenko Dmitriy , Pastushenko Dmitriy , Zharkova Olga , Zharkova Olga , Braginsky Vladimir , Braginsky Vladimir , Rynk Vitaliy , Rynk Vitaliy , Vasilchenko Natalia , Vasilchenko Natalia
Published: February 2018

Hyperthermia, i.e. tissue heating to a temperature of 39-45°C, is considered to be a very promising technique to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to ionizing radiation and chemical preparations. At the present time, there are numerous methods for producing hyperthermia with the optimum method dependent on the required volume, depth, and site of heating. This paper presents the results of preliminary theoretical and in vivo confirmation studies of the feasibility of intraoperative local hyperthermia via induction heating of ferromagnetic material within a tumor bed implant that fills a resected tumor cavity. The implant is made during the surgical removal of tumor by mechanically filling the tumor bed with a self-polymerizing silicone paste in which very fine electroconductive ferromagnetic particles are uniformly distributed. Therefore, the implant can accommodate unique characteristics of each patient’s tumor bed. For the laboratory experiments, a prototype induction heating system was used to produce an alternating magnetic field with a frequency of about 100 kHz and a maximum intensity up to 3 kA/m inside an induction coil of inner diameter 35 cm. Experiments were conducted to heat a 2.5 cm diameter spherical implant both in open air and inside the thigh of a living rabbit. The results in both cases are in good agreement with our theoretical estimations. It was established that the temperature gradient near the implant surface decreases with increasing implant size, and for typical size tumor bed implants produces effective hyperthermia to a distance of more than 5 mm from the implant surface. This result provides hope for a decrease in relapse after treatment of malignant tumors using our combination heat plus intraoperative high dose rate local radiotherapy approach. Moreover, the externally coupled implant heating can be combined with local chemotherapy by applying a self-resorbable polymer film containing antineoplastic agents to the surface of the implant.
EXTERIOR DIFFERENTIAL FORMS ON RIEMANNIAN SYMMETRIC SPACES
Authors: Alexandrova Irina , Alexandrova Irina , Stepanov Sergey , Stepanov Sergey , Tsyganok Irina , Tsyganok Irina
Published: February 2018

In the present paper we give a rough classification of exterior differential forms on a Riemannian manifold. We define conformal Killing, closed conformal Killing, coclosed conformal Killing and harmonic forms due to this classification and consider these forms on a Riemannian globally symmetric space and, in particular, on a rank-one Riemannian symmetric space. We prove vanishing theorems for conformal Killing L 2-forms on a Riemannian globally symmetric space of noncompact type. Namely, we prove that every closed or co-closed conformal Killing L 2-form is a parallel form on an arbitrary such manifold. If the volume of it is infinite, then every closed or co-closed conformal Killing L 2-form is identically zero. In addition, we prove vanishing theorems for harmonic forms on some Riemannian globally symmetric spaces of compact type. Namely, we prove that all harmonic one-formsvanish everywhere and every harmonic r -form  r  2 is parallel on an arbitrary such manifold. Our proofs are based on the Bochnertechnique and its generalized version that are most elegant and important analytical methods in differential geometry “in the large”.
PENGARUH WAKTU PENGADUKAN TERHADAP UKURAN KRISTALIT DAN HAMBATAN JENIS Al-Ti MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK PEMADUAN MEKANIK
Authors: Supriyanto Adolf Asih
Published: February 2018

Pengaruh waktu pengadukan terhadap ukuran kristalit dan hambatan jenis Al-Ti telah dijalankan menggunakan pemaduan mekanik. Serbuk aluminium dan titanium dicampur melalui teknik pemaduan mekanik menggunakan bola stainless steel didalam lingkungan gas argon dengan waktu pengadukan sampai 30 jam. Plenetari model Fritsch Pulverisette-5 dengan kecepatan 360 putaran per menit digunakan sebagai alat pemaduan dan asam stearik digunakan sebagai bahan untuk mengawal selama proses pencampuran. Bola stainless steel yang digunakan berdiameter 20 mm dengan rasio berat bola terhadap berat serbuk adalah 20 : 1. Perubahan struktur dan morfologi partikel sepanjang proses pemaduan mekanik diamati menggunakan XRD, SEM dan EDX. Sedangkan perubahan hambatan jenis diamati dengan menggunakan Hand-Held Eddy Current Conductivity Meter. Hasil yang diperoleh menggunakan XRD menunjukan bahwa puncak-puncak Ti semakin menghilang dengan bertambahnya waktu pengadukan, yang menujukkan bahwa telah terbentuk proses paduan dimana atom Ti masuk ke dalam matrik Al. Ukuran kristalit paduan Al-Ti yang diperoleh semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya waktu pengadukan. Hasil SEM menunjukkan bahwa nanokristalit yang dihasilkan adalah paduan biner Al-Ti. Hasil yang diperoleh menggunakan Hand-Held Eddy Current Conductivity Meter menunjukkan bahwa hambatan jenis paduan Al-Ti semakin meningkat dengan bertambahnya waktu pengadukan.
PERLAKUAN PANAS PADA BAJA KARBON: EFEK MEDIA PENDINGINAN TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO
Authors: Sari Nasmi Herlina
Published: February 2018

Dalam paper ini, proses modifikasi sederhana diperkenalkan untuk menyelidiki efek media pendinginan terhadap struktur mikro dan sifat mekanik dari baja karbon rendah. Lembaran baja karbon rendah dibentuk dan dipanaskan dalam oven pada suhu 900 oC selama 30 menit dan didinginkan meggunakan media pendinginan yang berbeda, yaitu: air (quenching), udara (normalizing) dan pendinginan dalam oven (annealing). Sifat mekanik, meliputi kekuatan tarik, kekuatan impak dan struktur mikro ditentukan menggunakan mesin ultimate tensile machine dan impact machine. Mikrostruktur baja juga telah diselidiki dan dianalisa menggunakan microscope metallurgy dan telah dibandingkan dengan bahan baku baja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan baja menggunakan media air lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan media lain yang dipelajari; dikarenakan deformasi struktur ferrit menjadi pearlit. Inter–critical sampel uji annealing (AN) pada suhu 900 °C menunjukkan ferit–martensit fase ganda dan menunjukkan sifat mekanik yang sangat baik bila dibandingkan dengan sampel uji (NO), (QE) dan tanpa perlakuan (RM). Hasil ini bermanfaat untuk peneliti dan industriawan sebagai dasar untuk pengembangan sifat baja menjadi produk industri yang diinginkan.
Novel
Authors: Zoe Panagiota (aka Betty) Nigianni
Published: February 2018

A philosophical essay.
Efektivitas Pelatihan Metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Bagi Guru SD di Kecamatan Padang Timur Kota Padang
Authors: Nellitawati Nellitawati , Aswardi Aswardi
Published: February 2018

This training aims to help teachers, especially elementary school teachers in conducting PTK, for the improvement of learning in the future. In detail, the goal to be achieved in the first year is the teacher understands the method of classroom action research. Teachers are able to draft the PTK design and implement the PTK. Which will then acquire the copyright and publication of the manuscript on International activities. activities. In secondÂ  proceed to process of designing,Â  developing models and creating modules for building self-integrity programs and reducing student violence. Training activities of PTK methods for elementary school teachers are conducted in UPTD Padang Timur. The for used in lectures, training lectures, lectures, questions and answers and exercises. Before the question and answer is done, first the resource person presents the material that has been agreed upon. Then given the opportunity to participants to do question and answer and provide exercise in order to stabilize the material. The training of PTK method is done by presenting the material / theory about PTK method and followed by the drafting exercise of PTK under the guidance of the Implementation Team.
Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Program Analisis Sosiometri dalam Pelayanan Bimbingan dan Konseling bagi Konselor
Authors: Yusri Yusri , Yendi Frischa Meivilona
Published: February 2018

To improve the educational Â quality is an importanÂ  attemp that should be done by all Indonesian and government. The bundles of educational Â problems have to be solved and distributed not only to the municipal Â government but also to the prefecturalÂ  government and Â the Â stakeholders Â of education. Â TheÂ  distribution Â of task Â and Â responbility Â on Â the improvement of educational Â quality cannot be done automatically Â without stakeholdersâ€™ comprehensionÂ  and understanding Â of the importanceÂ  of educational Â improvement. But, teachers Â and Â schoolÂ  principal Â at least Â can Â do much when the stakeholdersgive Â much attention and prosperity to make them better life and more professional. In addition, the concept of school based management should be implemented soon to support the decentralization of educational Â management. Â It hopefully could Â make moreÂ  effective beurocracy.Â Â  However, Â it Â has Â to Â be Â implement Â wisely and Â carefully Â to Â avoid Â wider corruption, Â collusion, and nepotism at the local and root level
Turizm Eğitimi Alan Öğrencilerin Elektronik Öğrenmeye Hazır Bulunuşluklarını Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Çalışma
Authors: Olcay Atınç , Döş Bülent , Sürme Metin , Düzgün Mehmet
Published: February 2018

Yapılan bu araştırmanın temel amacı önlisans düzeyinde turizm eğitimi alan öğrencilerin elektronik öğrenmeye (e-öğrenmeye) hazır bulunuşluk düzeylerini tespit etmektir. Bununla birlikte öğrencilerin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşluk düzeyleri ile cinsiyet ve eğitim gördükleri bölüm değişkenleri arasında anlamlı bir farklılık olup olmadığı ise ikincil amaç olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu amacın gerçekleştirilebilmesi için oluşturulan anket, bir kamu üniversitesindeki “Otel, Lokanta ve İkram Hizmetleri ile Seyahat, Turizm ve Eğlence Hizmetleri” programında eğitim gören ve daha önce e-öğrenme derslerine katılmış 406 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Bu araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin teknik becerileri ve yeterlilikleri olumlu olarak tespit edilirken, öğrenme tercihleri ile mobil öğrenme araçlarına karşı tutumları ne olumlu ne de olumsuz olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bununla beraber öğrencilerin e-öğrenmeye hazır bulunuşlukları ile cinsiyetleri arasında bir farklılık tespit edilirken, öğrencilerin eğitim gördükleri bölüm türü ile e-öğrenmeye yönelik hazır bulunuşlukları arasında bir farklılık tespit edilememiştir. Araştırma bulgularında dikkat çeken bir diğer önemli bulgu ise erkek öğrencilerin kız öğrencilere kıyasla e-öğrenmeye yönelik hazır bulunuşluk düzeylerinin daha yüksek olmasıdır.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PERAWAT GIGI DALAM MELAKUKAN PELAYANAN ASUHAN KESEHATAN GIGI DI PRAKTIK MANDIRI
Authors: Siregar Irma Haida Yuliana , Wahyati Y Endang , Widyarto JS. Djoko
Published: February 2018

Praktik mandiri perawat gigi perlu mendapat perhatian khusus mengingat peraturan-peraturan hukum yang mengaturnya belum memberikan kejelasan yang pasti. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai hal ini sehingga dapat diperoleh gambaran yang jelas mengenai ketentuan-ketentuan hukum praktik mandiri dan gambaran tentang asas perlindungan hukum bagi perawat gigi yang melakukan praktik mandiri serta hubungan antara kedua hal tersebut di atas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif yaitu dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka dan data sekunder yang mencakup asas-asas dan kaidah-kaidah hukum mengenai perawat gigi, pelayanan asuhan kesehatan gigi dan mulut serta praktik mandiri perawat gigi. Selanjutnya dianalisa dengan metode kualitatif normatif yang merumuskan tentang ada tidaknya perlindungan hukum bagi perawat gigi yang melakukan praktik mandiri. Hasil analisa adanya peraturan-peraturan yang dimultitafsirkan yaitu mengenai lisensi perawat gigi, jabatan fungsional dalam praktik mandiri serta perijinan praktik mandiri . Multitafsir ini menunjukkan adanya ketidakpastian hukum sehingga dapat disimpulkan tidak adanya perlindungan hukum bagi perawat gigi dalam melaksanakan praktik mandiri.
Knowledge of community around Dental Hospital of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran (RSGM FKG Unpad) regarding street dentistry
Authors: Rif'ah Lu'lu' Nikhlatur , Yubiliana Gilang , Sutardjo Dede
Published: February 2018

The knowledge of society regarding “dental quack/street dentistry” can determine the individual’s behaviors in responding their existence Knowledge influenced by education, employment, age, interest, experience, culture, and source of information. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge of community around Dental Hospital of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran regarding “dental quack/street dentistry”. This study was a descriptive study with survey techniques. Samples were taken by purposive sampling method with the sample size of 99 people. The result of this study showed that majority knowledge of the community was less than 40.40%. The conclusion of this study was the knowledge of community around Dental Hospital of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran regarding “dental quack/street dentistry” was low.
Dental anxiety level of children patient during dental treatment using CFSS-DS questionnaire
Authors: Yuwannisa Mutiara , Runkat Jakobus , Indriyanti Ratna
Published: February 2018

The anxiety during dental treatment is an obstacle for both adult and children patients. The aim of this study was to describe data of the dental anxiety experienced by 6 - 9 year old patients grouped by their age and gender. The type of this study was descriptive observational and the samples were collected using incidental sampling method. The total number of sample were 63 patients who came to Dental Hospital of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung during August 2011. This research was using the CFSS-DS questionnaire to measure the patient’s anxiety. This research was conducted by interviewing the patients about how they feel during the dental treatment. The result of this study showed that the 7-years-old boy patients seem to have higher anxiety levels than the 6-years-old, or younger ones. Meanwhile, in 6-years-old and younger girl patients showed higher anxiety level than the older (7, 8, and 9-year-old) ones. The anxiety level of children patients during dental treatment were different based on their age and gender.
Prevalence of lip sucking amongst 6-9-years old children
Authors: Decruz Ashley Ann , Runkat Jakobus , Hidayat Syarief
Published: February 2018

Oral habits in children are a common problem faced in the society. Lip sucking is one of such habit. Often overlooked, persistent lip sucking can bring upon deleterious effects upon the child’s dentition. This research was aimed to identify the signs of lip sucking amongst 6-9 years old children. The research was descriptive using the survey technique and was conducted at Dental Hospital of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, through observation for signs of lip sucking and filling up a survey form. A total of 100 children were examined in this research. From 100 children, 44 of them were identified to have at least one sign of lip sucking with 11 (25%) children were aged 6 years old, 8 (18%)  children were aged 7 years old, 11 (25%) children were aged 8 years old and as much as 14 (32%) children aged 9 years old. The remaining 56 children examined were not found to manifest any signs of lip sucking. Based on the study can be concluded that the prevalence of lip sucking was 44%.
Influence of alcohol-containing mouthwash and alcohol-free mouthwash towards the hybrid composite restoration materials surface hardness
Authors: Munawar Adlina Hasna , Febrida Renny , Nurdin Denny
Published: February 2018

Mouthwash is widely used by the community to maintain oral health. Beside the benefit provided, both alcohol-containing mouthwash and alcohol-free mouthwash have negative effects on the composite resin restorative materials, which can affect the surface hardness. One of composite types is hybrid type which is superior in physical and mechanical properties as a restorative material. The aim of this study was to determined the effect of alcohol-containing mouthwash and alcohol-free mouthwash towards the surface hardness of hybrid composite restorative material. This study used 15 disc-shaped specimens of hybrid composite with the size of 6 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness and divided into three treatment groups immersion, in the alcohol-containing mouthwash (A), alcohol-free mouthwash (B), and artificial saliva (C) as control for 12 hours, which surface hardness was further tested using Vickers hardness test. The mean of hardness values of group: A 24.9 VHN; B: 27.2 VHN; and C: 28.4 VHN. The results of statistical tests One-Way ANOVA showed there were significant differences in the hardness values among the three treatment groups (p<0,05). From this study concluded that both alcohol-containing mouthwash and alcohol-free mouthwash were decreasing the surface hardness of hybrid composite restorative material.
Unpacking the “political-institutional complex”: The role of physical and institutional infrastructures in Indonesia’s decentralization reform
Authors: Yee Wai-Hang , Li Hui
Published: February 2018

The study looks into how governance qualities of decentralized governments mediate the impacts of decentralization on development. Based on a set-oriented approach, the study analyzed data from a nation-wide survey conducted with business managers from all provinces in Indonesia, and found evidence that, despite the country’s uniform decentralization reform, individual provinces exhibited great variation in the qualities of their various physical and institutional infrastructures. Notably, these qualities assumed nested relations, with order and security as well as accountability and rule of law seemingly being the preconditions of basic infrastructure provision as well as local governments’ coordination. Moreover, business investment decisions (measured as staff expansion and product innovation) were found to vary with some specific combinations of these infrastructural conditions. The result provides evidence supporting the argument that both physical and institutional infrastructures are instrumental to realize the supposed benefits of decentralization and supports the recent call of the literature to look into the political-institutional complex in the process of decentralization reform.
Blood biochemical changes in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) fed different levels of copper sulphate and zeolite
Authors: Aydın Uncumusaoğlu Arzu
Published: February 2018

In this study, copper toxicity, was investigated after the addition of zeolite to the diet of common carps (Cyprinus carpio). The experiment included four groups with three replicates each. The 4 group feeds were [CuSO4; CuSO4 + Zeolite; Zeolite, and the control without CuSO4 or Zeolite with three replicates each. Fishes were kept in 80 L glass aquariums with 10 fishes with a mean weight of 60.6 ± 0.2 g. At the end of each period, a necropsy was performed on fishes from each treatment, and gross clinical signs were recorded. We found significant changes in the blood parameters of the common carps with or without different levels of zeolite and copper. Changes in cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus (P+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-), magnesium (Mg2+), and ferrous (Fe+2) were also significant. Our results suggest that zeolite can be used in fish feeds at a rate of 40 mg/l to mitigate the toxic effects of copper.
Ege Bölgesi Zeytinyağlarının Fenolik Bileşenleri
Authors: Kara Hasan Hüseyin , Kıralan Mustafa , Çalıkoğlu Eda , Bayrak Ali
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye‘de başlıca zeytin yetiştiriciliği yapan Ege bölgesinin bazı illerinden (Muğla, Aydın, İzmir ve Manisa) 2 hasat dönemi (2007-2008 ve 2008-2009) süresince yerli zeytin çeşitlerinin (Gemlik, Memecik, Ayvalık, Uslu ve Domat) yağı incelenmiştir. Bu yağların toplam fenolik madde ve fenolik bileşimi belirlenmiştir. Yağların toplam fenolik madde içeriği, 2007-2008 hasat dönemi örneklerinde 23,69-153,64 mg kafeik asit/kg, 2008-2009 hasat dönemi örneklerinde 16,18-136,22 mg kafeik asit/kg aralığında belirlenmiştir. Tüm zeytinyağı örneklerinde tespit edilen fenolik maddeler; tirozol, oleuropein, 4-hidroksifenil asetik asit, luteolin, vanilik asit, hidroksitirozol, rutin, sinnamik asit, verbaskozit, hidroksi fenilkarboksilik asit, sirinjik asit, 3,4-dihidroksibenzoik asit, kafeik asit, ferulik asit, p-kumarik asit, taksifolin ve apigenindir. Tirozol ve oleuropeinin, 2007-2008 hasat döneminde 1,80-13,39 mg/kg, 1,26-19,50 mg/kg ve 2008-2009 hasat döneminde ise 1,76-11,66 mg/kg, 0,20-13,12 mg/kg aralığında en fazla miktarda değişen bileşenler olduğu saptanmıştır.
Turmeric (Curcuma Longa): An Underutilized Phytogenic Additive in Poultry Nutrition
Authors: Olarotimi Olumuyiwa Joseph
Published: February 2018

The aim of this review paper is to explore the available information from research findings on the use of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) as a reliable phytogenic antibiotic for poultry production in the tropics especially in Nigeria and other countries. A wide range of phytogenic additives has found a growing interest in fortification of poultry diets. Supplementation of natural alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in order to maintain both birds‘ performance and health in the tropics will be a welcome development. Turmeric has reportedly been widely supplemented in poultry diets as natural alternative antibiotics in several studies with outstanding performances. The nutritional, medicinal, haematological and phyto-toxicological effects of turmeric were reviewed in this paper. Hence, turmeric supplementation at recommended inclusion rate in poultry feeds without posing any deleterious effects to the birds‘ performances as well as the consumers of the products, and ultimately, leading to better profitability on the part of the farmers, will be a nutritional breakthrough for the farmers in the tropics.
Assessment of RAPD Markers to Analyse the Genetic Diversity among Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Genotypes
Authors: Raza Ali , Shaukat Haseeb , Ali Qasim , Habib Madiha
Published: February 2018

Genetic diversity estimation among different species is an important tool for genetic improvement to maximize the yield, desirable quality, wider adaptation, pest and insect resistance that ultimately boosting traditional plant breeding methods. The most efficient way of diversity estimation is application of molecular markers. In this study, twenty random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers were utilized to estimate the genetic diversity between ten sunflower genotypes. Overall 227 bands were amplified by 20 primers with an average of 11.35 bands per primer. RAPD data showed 86.34% polymorophic bands and 13.65% of monomorophic bands. Genetic similarity was ranged from 50.22% to 87.22%. The lowest similarity (50.22%) was observed between FH-352 and FH-359 and the maximum similarity 87.22% was observed between A-23 and G-46. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values were varying from 0.05 to 0.12 with a mean of 0.09. Cluster analysis based on RAPD results displayed two major distinct groups 1 and 2. Group-2 contains FH-352 which was the most diverse genotype, while group-1 consists of few sub groups with all other genotypes. Ample diversity was found in all the genotypes. Present study reveals novel information about sunflower genome which can be used in future studies for sunflower improvement.
Botanical Composition and In Situ Dry Matter Degradability of Legume- Grass Mixture Pasture Fertilized with Different Amounts of Nitrogen
Authors: Kılıçalp Numan , Avcı Mustafa , Hızlı Hatice , Hatipoğlu Rüştü , Ayaşan Tugay
Published: February 2018

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels on botanical composition, dry matter (DM) yield, chemical composition, in situ ruminal DM and NDF degradability and net energy lactation (NEL) of a native legume-grass mixture pasture. Field and degradability trials were arranged in a Complete Randomized Block Design with three replicates. Pasture was fertilized at six levels of N fertilizer (ammonium nitrate, N0, N50, N100, N150, N200 and N250 kg/ha). Three rumen cannulated Holstein Friesian heifers (3-4 year old) were used. Feed samples were incubated for 0, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. Application of nitrogen fertilizer results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer decreased the legumes ratio (LR) of pasture, approximately 22.4%, Although N fertilizer increased the grass ratio (GR) of pasture approximately 55.8%. Dry matter (DM), Net energy lactation (NEL, Mcal/kg) and ash contents of pasture were increased by increasing N fertilizer level. However, when N fertilizer level increased acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentration of pasture decreased. Application of the different rate of nitrogen fertilizer had no effect on in situ rumen degradability of DM and NDF of pasture. It was also found that there was the significant positive relationship between effective NDF degradability at 48 h. rumen incubation period and different level of N fertilizer. In addition, it was determined that there was a linear and quadratic positive relationship between DM yield and different nitrogen doses. In conclusion, different rates of nitrogen application changed botanical composition, decreased ADF content and increased NEL and effective rumen degradability of neutral detergent fiber (EDNDF 48 h.) of pasture.
Evaluation of Hybrid Seeds of Three-Way and Single Cross for Grain Number and Weight in Bread and Durum Wheat
Authors: Yıldırım Mustafa , Çakmak Mustafa
Published: February 2018

The hybrid seeds obtained by crossing in wheats should be heavier and a greater number of grains per combination because of more variation and to created powerful plants for next year generations. Therefore, this study was conducted during the winter growing season of 2005-2006 in Transitional Zone Agricultural Research Institute in Eskişehir and to determine the hybrid seeds of single cross and three-way cross compared to each other for 10-grains weight (TGW) and grain number per combination (GC) in separately bread wheat and durum wheat. 224 F1s for single cross and 326 F1s for three-way cross in bread wheat and 56 F1s for single cross and 66 F1s for three-way cross in durum wheat were produced. According to results, GC and TGW in bread wheats were higher values than durum wheats both in single cross and three-way cross. The GC values in three-way cross had higher variation (68.9%) compared the others. The separately mean of GC and TGW of hybrids in single cross both in bread and durum wheat were lower than the means of hybrids in three-way cross (with ratios of 32% and 16.7%, respectively). In brief: three-way cross had more performance for studied traits in wheat hybrids compared to single cross. The reason of such an outcome can be demonstrated in the future by genetic studies.
The Effect of Drying of Bread Wheat Seeds Following First Water Uptake on Germination Rate
Authors: Yıldırım Mustafa
Published: February 2018

In semi-arid regions, unfavorable weather conditions are the most important limiting factors for seed germination. The imbibed or germinating seeds in soil can be dried by hot and dry weather. Thus, seeds can largely lose their germination abilities until the next water uptake (called as ‘alatav‘ in Turkish). Before drying, the time of the first water uptake by a seed may be more effective on seed viability at the second water uptake for germination. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to identify the first water uptake rates (WU) of seeds of three bread wheat genotypes (Bezotaja, Kirac and 13-BVD-4) per hour during 50 hours and their germination rates (GR) at the second water uptake after drying the seeds for 3-week in laboratory conditions. The results presented here indicated that the WU and GR were significantly affected by genotypes, imbibition time (T) and their interaction (1% probability level). There was also a significant negative correlation between the WU and GR (r** = –0.9295) at all times studied. Furthermore, the germination ability of Kirac lasted longest (for 38th hour) when the WU reached to 160.24%, and it was followed by Bezostaya and 13-BVD-4 genotypes (63.34% at 37th hour and 152.58% 34th hour, respectively).
Plant Essential Oils Used Against Some Bee Diseases
Authors: Tutun Hidayet , Koç Nafiye , Kart Asım
Published: February 2018

The most common honey bee diseases are American foulbrood (AFB) caused by the bacterium Paenibacillus larvae, Chalkbrood caused by fungus Ascosphaera apis and diseases caused by parasitic mites such as Acarapis woodi, Varroa destructor. These diseases and pests not only cause economic loss but also cause ecological problems related to the role of honey bees, as the most important pollinators on Earth. Synthetic acaricides and antibiotics are used to keep the diseases and mites in control. Use of the drugs lead to the development of drug-resistant organisms, detrimental effect on non-target organisms and the residue problem in bee products. For this reasons, the need for alternative control methods has become compulsory in recent years. It has been known that some plant oils used widely in perfumery and food industry for flavor and smell have been used as repellent to certain insects, bactericide and fungicide. Therefore, intensive studies have been carried out on plants with anti-mites, antibacterial and antifungal potentials and these studies are still going on. Recently, studies in this area have shown that essential oils of plants such as thyme, cloves, mint, lemon grass, cinnamon, grapefruit, rosemary, marigold, are lethal to some mites, bacteria and fungi. In addition, it has been reported that some components, isolated from these plants such as sanguinarine, thymoquinone, capsaicin, carvacrol, citral, eugenol, thymol, show these effects on the organisms. As a result, in countries rich in biodiversity due to endemic plant species, the essential oils used in control of these diseases should be favored instead of or in combination with conventional drugs in integrated the disease management programs because of the lack of harmful effects of essential oils on non-target organisms and environment.
Karabuğdayın Yazlık Olarak Isparta Doğal Yağış Koşullarında Farklı Ekim Zamanlarında Yetiştirilme Olanaklarının Araştırılması
Authors: Kara Nimet , Gürbüzer Gökhan
Published: February 2018

Çalışma; kısa vejetasyon süresine sahip karabuğdayın Isparta koşullarında yazlık olarak farklı zamanlarda yapılan ekimi ile ilkbahar yağışlarından faydalanarak sulanmadan yetiştirilebilme olanaklarını araştırmak amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada Aktaş karabuğday çeşidi kullanılarak, 1 Mart, 10 Mart, 20 Mart, 30 Mart, 9 Nisan ve 18 Nisan (kontrol) olmak üzere 6 Ekim zamanı tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 2015 ve 2016 yıllarında tarla çalışması olarak yürütülmüştür. 18 Nisan ekim zamanı kontrol olarak sulanmış, diğer ekim zamanlarında sulama yapılmamış, doğal yağışlara bağlı olarak yetiştirilmiştir. Denemede her iki yılda da 1 ve 10 Mart ekim zamanlarında çıkış olmuş, fakat çıkıştan sonra don zararı nedeniyle tüm bitkiler ölmüştür. Her iki yılda da (2015 ve 2016) bitki boyu, biyolojik verim ve tane verimine ekim zamanlarının etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli olmuş ve en uzu bitki boyu sırasıyla 65,9 cm ve 60,0 cm, en yüksek biyolojik verim 427,3 kg/da ve 403,7 kg/da ve tane verimi 145,7 kg/da ve 132,8 kg/da ile 18 Nisan ekim tarihinde sulanan parsellerde belirlenmiştir. Her iki yılda da 1000 tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı ve protein oranına ekim zamanlarının etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemsiz olmuştur. Isparta ekolojik koşullarında karabuğday ekonomik olarak ancak sulanarak yetiştirilmesi sonucuna varılmıştır.
Determination of Suitable Extraction Method for the Available Iron (Fe) Content of Calcareous Soils
Authors: Adiloğlu Aydın , Adiloğlu Sevinç , Karaman Mehmet Rüştü
Published: February 2018

The aim of this research was to determine the most suitable extraction method for the available iron contents of calcareous soils in Trakya Region, Turkey. For this purpose ten calcareous soil samples were taken from research area and five extraction methods (Lindsay and Norvell, Wear and Evans, Olson, Soltanpur and Mehlich methods) were used and three biological indices (dry matter yield, Fe concentration, Fe uptake) were compared. The plant biological indices were determined with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant grown under greenhouse conditions. At the end of the experiment, the highest correlation coefficients (r) were determined between the 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.1 M TEA, 0.005 M DTPA + 1 M NH4HCO3 methods and the biological indices. The correlation coefficients (r) for the 0.005 M DTPA + 0.01 M CaCl2 + 0.1 M TEA method and the three biological indices were 0.648**, 0.780** and 0.656** respectively. For the 0.005 M DTPA + 1 M NH4HCO3 method, these coefficients were determined 0.595**, 0.637** and 0.625**, respectively. Consequently, these extraction methods were suggested for the determination of the available Fe contents of the calcareous soils in Trakya Region, Turkey.
Bazı Model Toz Gıdaların Akışkanlığına ve Sıkıştırılabilirliğine Partikül Boyutunun Etkisinin PFT Toz Akışı Test Cihazı Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi
Authors: Ermiş Ertan , Güneş Rabia , Zent İnci
Published: February 2018

Toz gıdaların üretiminde akış davranışlarının belirlenmesi teknolojik uygulamalar açısından oldukça önemlidir. Toz akış davranışı verilerinin kullanıldığı bir uygulama, depo ünitesi dizaynıdır. Toz gıdaların akış davranışları partikül boyutu, dağılımı, parçacık şekli, parçacıkların kimyasal bileşimi, nem ve sıcaklık gibi parametrelere bağlı olduğundan bu parametrelerin belirlenmesi gereklidir. Bu amaçla kaya tuzu ve sofra şekeri tozlarının farklı partikül boyutlarındaki akış davranışları PFT Toz Akış Test Cihazı kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Böylece tozların akış fonksiyonu, yığın kütle yoğunluğu ve sıkıştırılabilirlik özelliklerinin partikül boyutuna göre değişimi incelenmiştir. Kaya tuzu ve sofra şekeri örnekleri öğütme ve eleme işlemlerinden geçirilerek tuzdan 5 farklı fraksiyon, şekerden ise 7 farklı fraksiyon elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre partikül boyutu büyüdükçe akışkanlığın kolaylaştığı, yoğunluğun arttığı, sıkıştırılabilirliğin ise azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu parametrelerin önemli derecede değişim gösterdiği eşik partikül boyut değerinin 100-200 Âµm boyut aralığı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Prevalence and Characterization of Listeria Species from Raw Milk and Dairy Products from Çanakkale Province
Authors: Şanlıbaba Pınar , Uymaz Tezel Başar
Published: February 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Listeria species, specifically Listeria monocytogenes, in raw milk, pasteurized milk, white cheese, and homemade cheese. A total of 200 food samples were collected and analyzed to examine the presence of Listeria spp. The EN ISO 11290-1 method was used for isolation of Listeria. API Listeria test kit was used for biochemically characterization. Listeria spp. were isolated in 25 of the 200 samples (12.5%). The largest number of Listeria spp. was detected in homemade cheese (24%), followed by raw milk (18%), and white cheese (8%). Listeria spp. were not isolated from the pasteurized milk. The most common species isolated were Listeria innocua (5.5%); the remaining Listeria isolates were Listeria ivanovi (3.5%), Listeria welshimeri (3%), and Listeria monocytogenes (0.5%). Listeria monocytogenes was detected in only raw milk.
Kilis İli İçme Sularının Koliform Bakteri Yönünden İncelenmesi
Authors: Özşavlı Ayşenur , Şahin Figen , Sadak Mehtap , Güler Kıvılcım Çaktü
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışmada, Kilis ili halka açık 6 farklı içme suyu kaynaklarında fekal kirlilik araştırılmıştır. Mevsimsel (Ekim, Ocak, Nisan ve Temmuz) olarak alınan örneklerde En Muhtemel Sayı yöntemi ile total koliform varlığı test edilmiştir. İçme suyu olarak kullanılan bu kaynaklarda tespit edilen toplam koliform sayısı 3-1100
Kaliteli ve Dengeli Beslenme Açısından Kanatlı Üretiminin Etkinliği
Authors: Uçar Ahmet , Türkoğlu Mesut
Published: February 2018

Dünya‘da gıda eşit dağılmamaktadır. Gelişmiş ülkelerin sağlıkla ilgili sorunu obezite iken, diğer ülkeler açlık ve buna bağlı hastalıklarla karşı karşıyadır. Dünya nüfusunun 2050 yılına kadar 1/3 oranında artacağının bekleniyor olması hayvansal protein üretiminin de artırılmasını zorunlu kılıyor olacaktır. Türkiye‘de kişi başına toplam et tüketimi 35 kg, kanatlı eti ise 22 kg‘ı aşmıştır ve yumurta tüketimi 200 adet iken yaklaşık 230 lt süt tüketimi bildirilmektedir. Günlük hayvansal protein tüketimimiz 35 g civarındadır ve iletişim çağına ayak uydurabilmek bakımından 45-50 g seviyesine çıkarılması önerilmektedir. Dünyada en yüksek artış kanatlı et sektöründe ve bunu takiben yumurta tavukçuluğu sektöründe görülmektedir, bu artış ülkemiz için dünya ortalaması üzerinde iken kırmızı et üretiminde dünya ortalamasının gerisinde kalınmıştır. Görsel, yazılı ve sosyal medyada bilimsel dayanağı olmayan haberlerin oluşturduğu bilgi kirliliği tüketicilerin olumsuz yönde etkilenmesine sebep olmaktadır. Özellikle gençler başta olmak üzere tüm bireyler, biyolojik değeri yüksek olan yumurta, süt ve et ürünlerini doğal ihtiyaçları düzeyinde tüketebilmelidir. Organik ve free-range sistemlerden elde edilen ürünlere talep eden tüketiciler rahatlıkla ulaşabilmelidir. Ancak hangi sistemde üretilmiş olursa olsun, ürünlerin güvenilir kaynaklardan geldiğinden, üretim tarihi ve sağlıklı bir şekilde elde edildiğinden emin olunmalıdır. Bu derlemede, zihin ve beden gücü yüksek nesiller yetiştirilmesi bakımından son derece önemli olan hayvansal protein kaynaklarından yeterince faydalanılması için artan insan nüfusunu beslemede kanatlı üretiminin etkinliğinden bahsedilmektedir.
Etlik Piliç ve Ebeveynlerinin Gelişimi
Authors: Uçar Ahmet , Türkoğlu Mesut , Sarıca Musa
Published: February 2018

Et tipi tavukların seleksiyonu öncelikle büyüme hızına ve vücut kompozisyonunun geliştirilmesine odaklanmıştır. Büyüme ve üreme ile ilgili özellikler arasındaki negatif ilişki ıslah ve yetiştiricilik uygulamalarını zorlaştırmaktadır. Tavuk ıslahıyla ilgili çalışmalar yaklaşık 150 yıllık bir geçmişe dayanıyor olmasına karşın üretimdeki verim artışları son 75 yıllık dönemde sağlanabilmiştir. Damızlık hayvanlar seçilirken; iskelet yapısı, vücut konformasyonu ve kondisyonu, morbidite vb. fenotipik özellikler dikkate alınmaktadır. Yıllar içinde etlik ebeveyn düzeyinde kuluçkalık yumurta sayısı, yumurta ağırlığı ve kuluçka randımanı açısından ilerleme kaydedilmiştir. Et tipi tavuklar için, 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde kesim yaşına kadar günlük canlı ağırlık artışı ortalama 8 g ve yemden yararlanma oranı 5,0 iken 21. yüzyılın başında bu özellikler için sırasıyla 66 g ve 1,7 değerlerine ulaşmıştır. Etlik piliç üretiminde kullanılan genotiplerin canlı ağırlığındaki ve yemden yararlanma oranındaki iyileşmede etkili asıl faktör genetik çalışmalardır. Bu gelişmelerin yanında, etlik piliçlerin bağışıklık sistemi, iskelet sistemi bozuklukları, yaşama gücü ve damızlıklardaki üreme ile ilgili bazı olumsuzluklar ortaya çıkan sorunlardır.
Effects of Flaxseed and pH on the Emulsion Properties of Beef by Using a Model System
Authors: Kurt Şükrü , Ceylan Huriye Gözde
Published: February 2018

The effects of ground flaxseed (0-0.5%) and pH (3.88-8.12) on the emulsion properties of beef were studied using a model system. A central composite rotatable design was used to determine the response surface. pH, flaxseed and their interactions had significant effects on the emulsion properties of beef. pH and the interaction between pH and flaxseed increased emulsion capacity (EC). Flaxseed and pH increased emulsion stability (ES) until a critical point, which was reached at a flaxseed level of 0.42% and a pH of 7.02. pH decreased emulsion density (ED) and increased emulsion activity (EA). Moreover, the interaction between pH and flaxseed on EA was found to be significant. pH and flaxseed increased emulsion viscosity (EV), and the increasing rate was higher in basic medium than acidic.
Sulu Şartlarda Ekmeklik Buğdayda Başaklanma Döneminde Yaprak Solusyon Uygulamasının Tane Protein Kapsamı Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Savasli Erdinc , Önder Oguz , Cekiç Cemal , Kalaycı Hasan Müfit , Dayıoglu Ramis , Karaduman Yaşar , Gökmen Fatma , DURSUN Nesim , Gezgin Sait
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışma, 2008-2010 yılları arasında Geçit Kuşağı Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü ve Selçuk Üniversitesi iş birliğinde TÜBİTAK tarafından desteklenen araştırma sonuçlarına göre, sulu koşullarda Bezostaya1 ekmeklik buğday çeşidiyle, erken dönem azot uygulaması (ekim + kardeşlenme) 0, 4, 8 ve 12 kg N da-1, başaklanma zamanında ise yaprak solüsyonu (üre formunda) olarak 0, 2, 4 ve 6 kg N da-1 seviyeleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmada, geleneksel azotlu gübre uygulama zamanında (ekim + kardeşlenme) uygulanan değişik azot seviyeleri başaklanma zamanında bayrak yaprak klorofil kapsamları (SPAD) ve bayrak yaprak toplam azot kapsamları (TN) açısından bir varyasyon yaratılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, başaklanma zamanında yapraktan uygulanan azotun tane protein kapsamında en az %1 artış sağlayacağı NSPAD kritik eşik değerleri, Bezostaya1 için 0,95 olarak bulunmuştur. TN için bulunan kritik eşik değerleri ise, Bezostaya1 için %4,31 olmuştur. Her bir kg da-1 N miktarının tane protein kapsamında sağladığı artış, Bezostaya1 için, erken kullanımda %0,18, geç kullanımda %0,30 olmuştur. Ayrıca, protein ve ilgili kalite unsurları üzerine hem erken, hem de geç azot kullanımı etkili olmakla birlikte, başaklanma döneminde yapraktan solüsyon olarak uygulamanın daha etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu özelliklerden, tane protein kapsamı ile SDS sedimentasyon (r=0,93**), Uzama kabiliyeti (r=0,96**), uzayabilirlik (r=0,96*), hamur gelişme süresi (r=0,87**), tolerans değeri (r=0,56**) ve enerji değeri (r=0,89**) parametreler arasında istatistiki olarak önemli düzeyde korelasyon vermiştir.
Yaz Koşullarında Gece-Gündüz Yemlemesi ve Aydınlatmanın Etlik Piliçlerin Performansı Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: Karaman Mesut , Öcal Mehmet
Published: February 2018

Yaz koşullarında etlik piliçlerde gece-gündüz yemlemesi ve aydınlatmanın performans üzerine etkileri toplam 1104 adet ticari etlik civciv kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Denemenin ikinci haftasında, etlik piliçler erkek-dişi ayrı olmak üzere 2 × 6 tekerrürlü olmak üzere deneme bölmelerine yerleştirilmişlerdir. Denemede, kontrol grubuna (1. grup) sürekli aydınlatma ve serbest yemleme yapılmıştır. 2. gruba sürekli aydınlatma uygulanmış ve son üç hafta 10:00 ile 16:00 saatleri arasında aç bırakılmıştır. 3. gruba ise sürekli aydınlatma yapılmış ve deneme süresince gündüz 10:00 ile 16:00 saatleri arasında aç bırakılmıştır. 4. gruba günışığı dışında sürekli aydınlatma yapılmış ve gece 24:00 ile 06:00 saatleri arasında yem verilmemiştir. 5. gruba sürekli aydınlatma uygulanmış ve son üç hafta gece 24:00 ile 06:00 saatleri arasında yem verilmemiştir. 6. gruba ise gündüz yem verilmiş, gece ise karartma yapılarak 24:00 ile 06:00 saatleri arasında yem verilmemiştir. Deneme sonunda her iki cinsiyette de muameleler arasında canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı bakımından farklılık istatistikî olarak önemsiz bulunmuştur. Sıcak-soğuk karkas ağırlığına erkek-dişi etlik piliçlerde muamelelerin etkisi önemli olup, erkeklerde 3. ve 6. muamele grupları, dişilerde ise 6. muamele grubu daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Erkek etlik piliçlerde karkas randımanına muamelenin etkisi önemli bulunmuş, 4. ve 6. muamele gruplarının en yüksek değere sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Dişi etlik piliçlerde ise karkas randımanı bakımından muameleler arasında farklılık bulunmamış. Muamelelerin ölüm oranlarına olan etkisi de önemsiz bulunmuştur. Yaz koşullarında serbest yemleme ve sürekli aydınlatma uygulaması piliçlerin performansını olumsuz etkilerken, kısıtlı yemleme ve aydınlatma ise hayvanların verim kayıplarını göreceli olarak azaltmıştır.
Doğu Anadolu Koşullarında Farklı Balarısı (Apis mellifera L.) Genotiplerinin Davranış Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Cengiz Mahir Murat , Erdoğan Yaşar
Published: February 2018

Bu çalışmada, Doğu Anadolu koşullarında Buckfast, Karniyol, Kafkas ve Erzurum genotiplerinin hırçınlık, yağmacılık ve oğul eğilimi belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada 2015 yılı üretim döneminde 10‘ar adet Kafkas, Karniyol, Buckfast ve Erzurum genotipine mensup toplam 40 adet koloni kullanılmıştır. Kafkas genotipi 6,22±0,65 adet/koloni ortalama iğne sayısı ile en sakin genotipi oluştururken, Erzurum genotipi 12,12±1,08 adet/koloni ortalama iğne sayısı ile en hırçın genotipi oluşturmuştur. Genotiplerin ortalama iğne sayılarına uygulanan varyans analizi sonucunda hırçınlık eğilimi yönünden genotipler arasındaki farklılık çok önemli bulunmuştur. Yağmacılık eğilimi bakımından Buckfast genotipi 1,57±0,17 adet değerle ilk sırada yer alırken, Karniyol 0,62±0,16 adet değerle yağmacılık eğiliminin en düşük olduğu genotip olmuştur. Oğul eğilimi bakımından genotipler arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur.
MICROLOAN CONSTRAINTS IMPOSED BY COMMERCIAL BANK BRANCHES IN THE SOUTH AND WEST SULAWESI PROVINCE
Authors: Aswan Andi
Published: February 2018

This study is aimed to identify possible constraints to which loan officers assigned in state and regional development bank branches are unwillingness to supply loan to micro businesses, as well as to how an integrated constraints is built to affect loan officers’ judgment and decision to grant loan to those micro customers.  The sampling covered 122 loan officers assigned in four state banks and five different regional banks. All of these are based within South and West Sulawesi Province in Indonesia. On the basis of the statistical analysis result using LISREL Program 9.2, The three paths indicated a positive and significant relationship with a different coefficient parameter for each.  The external-specific condition affects positively and significantly the internal-specific condition, and the external-specific condition also affects positively and significantly the loan officer judgment(s) and decision(s), the internal-specific condition affects positively and significantly the loan officer judgment(s) and decision(s) as well.
COMPENSATION AND MOTIVATION EFFECT TO EMPLOYEES’ JOB SATISFACTION
Authors: Rasmi Rasmi , Amrullah Amiruddin , S Sumardi
Published: February 2018

The research aims to determine effect of compensation and motivation on employees’ job satisfaction. Compensation is something that employees’ receive as a substitute for the contribution of their services to company. Compensation is one of human resource management function of which deals with all kinds of individual award giving as exchange in performing organizational tasks. Motivation can simply be defined as a condition or action that encourages a person to do a job or activity as much as possible. People with low motivation tend to display feelings of discomfort and displeasure with their work. Job satisfaction is basically something that is individual feel. Each individual has a different level of satisfaction in accordance with the value system that applies to him. The higher the assessment of the perceived activity in accordance with the wishes of the individual, the higher his satisfaction with the activity will be.Method used in this research is mixed method of both quantitative and qualitative.This research yields findings about the significance of financial and non-financial compensation effect through motivation towards employees’ job satisfaction