bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the communication work of women who have tested BRCA‐positive: “I feel this responsibility to let people know”
Authors: Martin Summer C. , Scott Allison M. , Stone Anne M.
Published: April 2024

Inheriting a pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene considerably increases a woman's risk levels for developing breast and ovarian cancer. In addition to serious physical health implications, women with a BRCA pathogenic variant may face psychosocial challenges, including those related to navigating the often demanding process of communicating about topics regarding BRCA with family and other social network members. Based on in‐depth interviews with 24 women who tested BRCA‐positive, we found that—consistent with the conceptualization of communication work articulated by Donovan‐Kicken et al. (2012) as an extension of the theory of illness trajectories (Corbin & Strauss, 1988)—the labor of communicating about BRCA genetic risk entails (a) duties, (b) challenges, (c) strategies, and (d) shared work. Within each category, our results illuminate particular characteristics of communication work for women who have tested BRCA‐positive, which are commonly tied to the profound health consequences that a pathogenic variant may have for them and, potentially, for their genetic relatives. Our findings offer useful theoretical implications regarding communication work in this context. Furthermore, our results yield valuable practical insight for genetic counselors and other health care professionals regarding the struggles that can accompany communication work for women who have tested BRCA‐positive as well as the strategies that participants reported using to manage or avoid these challenges.
Mass cytometry reveals atypical immune profile notably impaired maturation of memory CD4 T with Gb3‐related CD27 expression in CD4 T cells in Fabry disease
Authors: Mauhin Wladimir , Dzangue‐Tchoupou Gaelle , Amelin Damien , Corneau Aurélien , Lamari Foudil , Allenbach Yves , Dussol Bertrand , Leguy‐Seguin Vanessa , D'Halluin Pauline , Matignon Marie , Maillot François , Ly Kim‐Heang , Besson Gérard , Willems Marjolaine , Labombarda Fabien , Masseau Agathe , Lavigne Christian , Lacombe Didier , Maillard Hélène , Lidove Olivier , Benveniste Olivier
Published: April 2024

Fabry disease (FD) is an X‐linked disease characterized by an accumulation of glycosphingolipids, notably of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (lysoGb3) leading to renal failure, cardiomyopathy, and cerebral strokes. Inflammatory processes are involved in the pathophysiology. We investigated the immunological phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Fabry patients depending on the clinical phenotype, treatment, Gb3, and lysoGb3 levels and the presence of anti‐drug antibodies (ADA). Leucocytes from 41 male patients and 20 controls were analyzed with mass cytometry using both unsupervised and supervised algorithms. FD patients had an increased expression of CD27 and CD28 in memory CD45‐ and CD45 + CCR7‐CD4 T cells (respectively p < 0.014 and p < 0.02). Percentage of CD45RA‐CCR7‐CD27 + CD28+ cells in CD4 T cells was correlated with plasma lysoGb3 (r = 0.60; p = 0.0036) and phenotype (p < 0.003). The correlation between Gb3 and CD27 in CD4 T cells almost reached significance (r = 0.33; p = 0.058). There was no immune profile associated with the presence of ADA. Treatment with agalsidase beta was associated with an increased proportion of Natural Killer cells. These findings provide valuable insights for understanding FD, linking Gb3 accumulation to inflammation, and proposing new prognostic biomarkers.
Eliciting the views of left breast cancer patients' receiving deep inspiration breath hold radiation therapy to inform the design of multimedia education and improve patient‐centred care for prospective patients
Authors: Dower Kathleene , Halkett Georgia K.B. , Dhillon Haryana , Naehrig Diana , O'Connor Moira
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The currently accepted best practice radiation treatment for left breast cancer patients is Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) where patients hold a deep breath to reduce late cardiac and pulmonary effects from treatment. DIBH can be challenging and induce or exacerbate anxiety in patients due to the perceived pressure to reduce radiation treatment side effects. This study explored the experiences of patients treated with Deep Inspiration Breath Hold Radiation Therapy (DIBH‐RT) to improve patient‐centred care and inform the design of multimedia educational tools for future patients undergoing DIBH.

Methods

This descriptive qualitative study was underpinned by a social constructivist approach to create new educational and patient care approaches based on previous patients' experiences. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with patients who had completed DIBH‐RT for breast cancer. Data was analysed with reflexive thematical analysis.

Results

Twenty‐two patients were interviewed with five key themes identified: (1) informational needs, (2) care needs, (3) autonomy, (4) DIBH performance influencers and (5) other centredness. Recommendations were derived from these themes to improve future treatments of DIBH patients. These recommendations revolved around improvements to education, patient‐centred care and strategies to improve self‐efficacy with breath holding.

Conclusion

Patients offer a wealth of knowledge regarding their lived experiences with treatment which can enhance future patients' experiences if incorporated into their education and care. Eliciting patients' views of their DIBH‐RT treatment highlighted the need to improve patient self‐efficacy with DIBH through familiarity with their planned treatment from new multimedia education, and foster patient care to enhance their experience.
Poor durability of the neutralizing response against XBB sublineages after a bivalent mRNA COVID‐19 booster dose in persons with HIV
Authors: Matusali Giulia , Vergori Alessandra , Cimini Eleonora , Mariotti Davide , Mazzotta Valentina , Lepri Alessandro Cozzi , Colavita Francesca , Gagliardini Roberta , Notari Stefania , Meschi Silvia , Fusto Marisa , Tartaglia Eleonora , Girardi Enrico , Maggi Fabrizio , Antinori Andrea ,   the HIV‐VAC Study Group
Published: April 2024

We estimated the dynamics of the neutralizing response against XBB sublineages and T cell response in persons with HIV (PWH) with previous AIDS and/or CD4 < 200/mm3 receiving the bivalent original strain/BA.4‐5 booster dose in fall 2022. Samples were collected before the shot (Day 0), 15 days, 3, and 6 months after. PWH were stratified by immunization status: hybrid immunity (HI; vaccination plus COVID‐19) versus nonhybrid immunity (nHI; vaccination only). Fifteen days after the booster, 16% and 30% of PWH were nonresponders in terms of anti‐XBB.1.16 or anti‐EG.5.1 nAbs, respectively. Three months after, a significant waning of anti‐XBB.1.16, EG.5.1 and ‐XBB.1 nAbs was observed both in HI and nHI but nAbs in HI were higher than in nHI. Six months after both HI and nHI individuals displayed low mean levels of anti‐XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 nAbs. Regarding T cell response, IFN‐γ values were stable over time and similar in HI and nHI. Our data showed that in PWH, during the prevalent circulation of the XBB.1.16, EG.5.1, and other XBB sublineages, a mRNA bivalent vaccine might not confer broad protection against them. With a view to the 2023/2024 vaccination campaign, the use of the monovalent XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccine should be urgently warranted in PWH to provide adequate protection.
Characteristics of cold events in the eastern China: Perspective from five metropolitan regions
Authors: Shang Ziyu , Chen Guoxing , Tang Xu
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the characteristics of cold events affecting eastern China during November–March of 1979–2018 using station observations and the ERA5 reanalysis, focusing five major cities (Beijing, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Shanghai and Guangzhou) for their high vulnerability and distinct local thermal conditions than the broader climate regimes. For each city, cold day (CD) (one or more continuous days where the temperature falls below the local 5th percentiles) and cold surge (CS) (a period of 1–3 days with a total temperature decrease exceeding 8°C) were both examined in aspects of occurrence frequency, circulation characteristics and health impacts. Results show that the northern cities are relatively more/less exposed to CD/CS than the southern cities. At all five cities, the two types of events rarely coincide and exhibit distinct multiple‐year variations, as CD and CS are, respectively, dominated by continental‐ and regional‐scale circulations. However, both types of events are associated with the interplay of the East Asia trough at 300 hPa and the Siberian high, Aleutian low and subtropical high at 850 hPa. Results also show that during CDs in these cities, the effective temperatures (ET), which take into account of the near‐surface wind speed and humidity, are often about 5°C lower than the actual temperatures. The ET decreases are larger than the actual temperature drops in most CSs, yet in specific scenarios (primarily in Beijing and Zhengzhou when the temperature drop is relatively small), the ET drop can be less pronounced, as the possible decrease of wind speed and/or humidity can partially mitigate the ET decrease caused by dropping temperatures. These underline the complexity of health impacts of cold events, which vary regionally due to differences in covariations of temperature, wind speed and relative humidity. There aspects are worthy of further investigation.
“An urgent need for transition of care programs for adolescents and young adults with neurogastroenterology and motility disorders”
Authors: Wolfson Sharon , Patel Dhiren , Toto Erin , Khlevner Julie , Santucci Neha R.
Published: April 2024

What is Known

Pediatric neurogastroenterology and motility (NGM) disorders are common, negatively impact quality of life and daily functioning and often continue into adulthood.

Structured transition of care programs for adolescents and young adults with pediatric neurogastroenterology and motility disorders are urgently needed.

What is New

Successful establishment of transition of care programs should lead to decreased hospitalizations, improved follow up with NGM experts, and improved quality of life and daily functioning measures, such as work or school attendance.

We propose a NGM transition model which emphasizes pediatric and adult NGM expert collaborative efforts and patient transition‐readiness.
Xylooligosaccharides from lignocellulosic biomass and their applications as nutraceuticals: a review on their production, purification, and characterization
Authors: Kumar Ravindra , Næss Geir , Sørensen Mette
Published: April 2024

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are considered a potent source of prebiotics for humans. The global prebiotic market is expanding in size, was valued at USD 6.05 billion in 2021, and is expected to grow at a 14.9% compound annual growth rate between 2022 and 2030, indicating a huge demand. These XOS are non‐digestible pentose sugar oligomers comprising mainly xylose. Xylose is naturally present in the lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), fruits and vegetables. Apart from the prebiotic effect, these XOS have been reported to reduce blood cholesterol, possess antioxidant effects, increase calcium absorption, reduce colon cancer risk, and benefit diabetic patients. The primary use of XOS is reported in the feed industry followed by health, medical use, food and drinks. LCB mainly contains glucan, xylan and lignin. After glucan, xylan is the second‐highest available sugar on the globe composed of xylose. Therefore, the xylan fraction of LCB has great significance in producing food, feed and energy. Glucan has been exploited for the commercial production of ethanol, xylitol, furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural and glucose. As of now, xylan has limited applications. Therefore, xylan can be exploited to convert to XOS. The production of XOS from LCB fraction not only helps to produce these at a very low price, but also helps in the reduction of greenhouse gases. Its use in food and drinks is increasing as it can be derived from the abundantly and cheaply available LCB. The article provides a review on the production, purification and characterization of XOS in view of their use as nutraceuticals. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Knowledge management in the care for people with intellectual disabilities during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Nägele M. E. , Bevelander K. E. , Nies H. L. G. R. , Embregts P. J. C. M. , Biervliet N. , Leusink G. L. , Naaldenberg J.
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to gain insight into knowledge management in the intellectual disabilities (ID) care sector during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We explored and described how knowledge producers, intermediaries, and knowledge users experienced knowledge management during this crisis situation, the responses to the specific knowledge needs in the ID‐care sector, and changes in roles and collaboration during this period. Twenty‐five individual in‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with knowledge producers, intermediaries, and knowledge users in the Dutch ID‐care sector. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted. Three key themes were identified: (1) knowledge needs during the COVID‐19 pandemic, (2) experiences with knowledge management, and (3) roles and collaboration in knowledge management. There was an urgent need for specific ID‐related knowledge and how to translate available evidence for the general population into ID‐care settings. In knowledge management, the focus was on knowledge production and exchange, with validation and application receiving less attention. Within stakeholder groups, collaboration and knowledge exchange were intensified by existing or new knowledge infrastructures. Between stakeholder groups, knowledge producers and users created short lines to exchange needs and produce knowledge. This paper provides unique insights into knowledge management in the Dutch ID‐care sector during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Implications are discussed to improve future knowledge management processes. Support with knowledge validation and local knowledge infrastructures (complementary to centralized national knowledge infrastructures) help to assess the reliability and usefulness of knowledge and improve its use in practice during future pandemic‐related crisis situations.
Vibrotactile feedback in m‐commerce: Stimulating perceived control and perceived ownership to increase anticipated satisfaction
Authors: Li Jiayuan , Cowan Kirsten , Yazdanparast Atefeh , Ansell Jake
Published: April 2024

Consumers increasingly purchase through m‐channels, including apps. Accordingly, marketers have enhanced immersive, sensorial aspects of m‐channels, such as including vibrations while making in‐app purchases. Given discrepant findings, it remains unclear whether adding such vibrotactile feedback affects consumer decision making. The present research addresses: (1) Whether adding vibrotactile feedback influences consumers' anticipated product satisfaction and purchase confidence, and (2) if so, how? Through an online pilot survey, two online experiments, and one lab experiment, this research finds that adding vibrotactile feedback to m‐channels increases consumers' anticipated product satisfaction, but not purchase confidence. Moreover, perceived ownership mediates this effect, because the vibrations offer a sense of control over the product during the purchase process. This research makes several contributions. First, it documents that control elicited via vibrations offers an alternative means to psychological ownership, as opposed to imagining touch. Second, we offer this haptic route as a means to achieve the stimulation motivation driving perceived ownership, different from prior visual routes. Third, it potentially reconciles literature conflicts regarding the effect of vibrotactile feedback on consumer decision making.
A 56‐GBaud lumped linear push–pull driver for Mach–Zehnder modulator in 130‐nm SiGe technology
Authors: Fan Wentian , Chen Yingmei , Yan Jun , Zhu En
Published: April 2024

A fully differential lumped linear driver for Mach–Zehnder modulator has been presented and assessed in 130‐nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. Multitopology peaking techniques, especially T‐coil peaking method, have been employed to flatten the frequency response and increase the bandwidth. Degeneration resistors have been used to enhance circuit linearity. Simultaneously, improvements have been made to the output stage of the conventional single emitter follower push–pull) circuit to enhance the output eye diagram quality at higher transmission rates. The fabricated driver achieved a differential gain of 16.2 dB with a bandwidth of over 50 GHz, corresponding to a fixed output swing of over 3.2 Vppd within the automatic gain control loop. Time domain measurements, limited in speed by the measurement setup, reported a data rate up to 56 Gb/s none return to zero and 40‐GBaud 4‐levels pulse amplitude modulation with a bit error rate less than 10−12.
A heteropolarized single layer reflect‐transmit‐array antenna
Authors: Yajie Liang , Ying Y. U.
Published: April 2024

A novel reflect‐transmit‐array antenna is proposed in this paper, in which a single‐layer heteropolarized element with a thickness of 0.1 at 11 GHz, consisting of only two layers of metal patches printed on a dielectric substrate and six metal vias, can integrate reflection and transmission modes in the same frequency band by reasonably distributing the positions of the reflection and transmission parts in the element. We designed, fabricated, and measured the reflect‐transmit‐array antenna with an aperture of 501.2 mm2. At 11 GHz, the maximum gain of reflection is 17.7 dB, and the peak gain of transmission is 20.4 dB, indicating that this scheme has good application prospects in bidirectional wireless communication.
Comparison of patients with benzodiazepine receptor agonist‐related psychiatric disorders and over‐the‐counter drug‐related psychiatric disorders before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic: Changes in psychosocial characteristics and types of abused drugs
Authors: Usami Takashi , Okita Kyoji , Shimane Takuya , Matsumoto Toshihiko
Published: April 2024

Aim

To investigate changes in the clinical characteristics of patients who abused benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZRA) or over‐the‐counter (OTC) drugs before and after COVID‐19 based on the 2018 and 2022 data of the “Nationwide Psychiatric Hospital (NPH) Survey on Drug‐related Psychiatric Disorders.”

Method

A total of 446 and 155 cases, and 435 and 273 cases, who mainly abused BZRAs or OTC drugs, respectively, were extracted from the database of the two NPH Surveys. Demographic variables, education, employment, criminal record, drug use during the previous year, psychiatric diagnosis, and types of abused drugs were compared between 2018 and 2022.

Result

A comparison of BZRA abusers revealed a decreased number of users during the previous year and an increase in the comorbidity rate of other disorders (F3 and F4 in ICD‐10) in 2022. Etizolam, flunitrazepam, triazolam, and zolpidem were used most in both years, with an increase in zolpidem and a decrease in triazolam in 2022. A comparison of OTC drug abusers revealed a higher proportion of women and young patients in 2022. An increase in the comorbidity rate of F3 and F9 and a significant increase in the use of dextromethorphan products were observed in 2022, although codeine products were in the majority in both years.

Conclusion

By comparing NPH Surveys before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic, both BZRA abusers and OTC drug abusers present complex pathologies, requiring tailor‐made treatment. The younger OTC drug abusers were particularly evident among women, and the abuse of dextromethorphan‐containing OTC drugs has increased alarmingly.
Numbers of prenatal cell‐free DNA screens performed: Results of a 2022 CAP exercise
Authors: Palomaki Glenn E. , Wyatt Philip , Rowsey Ross , Cacheris Phillip Michael , Lepage Nathalie , Natowicz Marvin R. , Long Thomas , Moyer Ann M.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Determine current analytical methods and number of cell‐free (cf) DNA prenatal screening tests performed for common trisomies.

Methods

The College of American Pathologists 2022‐B Noninvasive Prenatal Testing exercise was distributed in December 2022 to 93 participants in 22 countries. Supplemental questions included the number of tests performed in a recent month and the proportion of samples originating outside the United States (US).

Results

Eighty‐three participants from three continents returned results; 74 (89%) were suitable for the analyses. Nine manufacturer/platform combinations were identified, most commonly Illumina/Nextseq (55%). The most common methodology was whole genome sequencing (76%). Annualized cfDNA tests were 2.80 million, with Asian, European and North American participants representing 10.6%, 6.5% and 82.9% of tests, respectively. When restricted to US in‐country tests, the annualized rate was 2.18 million, with four of 20 participants testing 79.2%. Among 73 respondents, 63 (86%) were for‐profit, eight (11%) were non‐profit academic or government supported and the remaining two included hospital‐based and private non‐profit. Eighteen (25%) supported relevant academic training.

Conclusion

In 2011, screening for common trisomies was based on serum/ultrasound markers with an estimated 2.96 million US pregnancies screened in 131 laboratories. In 2022, cfDNA‐based screening was offered by 20 laboratories testing 2.18 million US pregnancies.
A lost land of opportunity? The geography of intergenerational educational mobility in China
Authors: Hong Qilyu , Gruijters Rob J.
Published: April 2024

Despite the significant political, economic and geographical diversity in China, there is limited research on spatial differences in intergenerational mobility in China. This research aims to fill this gap by exploring the spatial and temporal dimensions of intergenerational educational mobility in China. The data used for the analysis is the 2010–2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), a nationally representative longitudinal general social survey. The analysis incorporates both relative and absolute mobility measures to provide a comprehensive description of intergenerational educational mobility. The results reveal substantial regional differences in intergenerational educational mobility across various economic zones in China, with a rising geographic inequality over time. The southwest and northeast regions stand out as the areas where the educational prospects of the young generation have become not only bleaker but dependent more on their parents. Additionally, this study presents the first education Great Gatsby Curve for China, highlighting the strong relationship between intergenerational mobility and education inequality at the regional level, particularly after China's market reform. The findings highlight the need for regionally targeted policies and levelling up agendas to promote educational opportunities in low‐mobility regions.
Electrochemical Etching of Nitrogen Ion‐Implanted Gallium Nitride – A Route to 3D Nanoporous Patterning
Authors: Hoormann Matthias , Lüßmann Frederik , Margenfeld Christoph , Ronning Carsten , Meierhofer Florian , Waag Andreas
Published: April 2024

Dopant‐selective electrochemical etching (ECE) of gallium nitride (GaN) results in well‐defined porous layers with tunable refractive index, which is extremely interesting for integrating photonic components into nitride technology. Herein, the impact of nitrogen implantation with and without subsequent rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the porosification process of highly n‐doped GaN ([Si] 3 × 1019 cm−3) is investigated. Implantation is expected to compensate the donors of the n‐GaN layer to spatially suppress porosification during ECE. Optical transmission, electrochemical capacitance–voltage, and X‐Ray diffractometry of as‐grown and as‐implanted GaN suggest successful compensation of n‐dopants. Cross‐sectional scanning electron microscopy reveals the presence of mesopores (diameter 2–50 nm) after ECE of the as‐grown n‐GaN. In the case of implanted n‐GaN, it is found that ECE results in macropores (diameter > 50 nm), which can be suppressed by an intermediate RTA step. The implanted and annealed n‐GaN layers solely exhibit mesopores at the top and bottom, while the intermediate region remains unimpaired. Chronoamperometry and gravimetry provide additional insight and confirm the presence of macro‐ and mesopores in samples without and with RTA, respectively. The results demonstrate a successful implementation of etch‐resisting subsurface layers, which are required for 3D refractive index engineering in porous GaN.
Comparison of selected surface level ERA5 variables against in‐situ observations in the continental Arctic
Authors: Pernov Jakob Boyd , Gros‐Daillon Jules , Schmale Julia
Published: April 2024

In this study, data from 17 ground‐based, continental Arctic observatories are used to evaluate the performance of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) reanalysis model. Three aspects are evaluated: (i) the overall reproducibility of variables at all stations for all seasons at one‐hour time resolution; (ii) the seasonal performance; and (iii) performance between different temporal resolutions (one hour to one month). Performance is evaluated based on the slope, R2 value, and root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE). We focus on surface meteorological variables including 2‐m air temperature (temperature), relative humidity (RH), surface pressure, wind speed, zonal and meridional wind speed components, and short‐wave downward (SWD) radiation flux. The overall comparison revealed the best results for surface pressure (0.98 ± 0.02, R2mean ± standard deviation [σR2]), followed by temperature (0.94 ± 0.02), and SWD radiation flux (0.87 ± 0.03) while wind speed (0.49 ± 0.12), RH (0.42 ± 0.20), zonal (0.163 ± 0.15) and meridional wind speed (0.129 ± 0.17) displayed poor results. We also found that certain variables (surface pressure, wind speed, meridional, and zonal wind speed) showed no seasonal dependency while others (temperature, RH, and SWD radiation flux) performed better during certain seasons. Improved results were observed when decreasing the temporal resolution from one hour to one month for temperature, meridional and zonal wind speed, and SWD radiation flux. However, certain variables (RH and surface pressure) showed comparatively worse results for monthly resolution. Overall, ERA5 performs well in the Arctic, but caution needs to be taken with wind speed and RH, which has implications for the use of ERA5 in global climate models. Our results are useful to the scientific community as it assesses the confidence to be placed in each of the surface variables produced by ERA5.
Long‐term assessment of ERA5 reanalysis rainfall for lightning events over India observed by Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission Lightning Imaging Sensor
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Srivastava Shailendra S. , Jivani Nirav , Varma Atul K. , Yokoyama Chie , Kubota Takuji
Published: April 2024

The ability of numerical weather prediction models to accurately predict extreme weather events, such as thunderstorms marked by heavy rainfall and lightning activities, has consistently been of great importance for human life. The objective of this study is to assess the long‐term reliability of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5) rainfall in comparison to the Indian gauge‐adjusted Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP_ISRO) rainfall at the time of lightning flashes measured by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) onboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite over the Indian region during the years 2001–2014. This analysis will provide valuable insights into the intricate relationship between lightning flashes and precipitation under various terrain conditions (low, mid, or high), across oceanic regions (Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea), and during different monsoon phases (normal, active, or deficit). According to a prolonged examination of LIS data, April–June accounts for ~50% of the total flashes, with the largest number of flashes occurring over the Himalayan and the northeastern part of India. According to hourly GSMaP_ISRO rainfall, the most substantial lightning‐associated rainfall happens an hour prior to lightning flash (T − 1) and within three hours after (T + 3), indicating a robust correlation between heavy rainfall and lightning activity during this time frame. The rainfall in the ERA5 reanalysis misses the intensity as well as duration of the peak rainfall at the time of lightning flashes. Furthermore, the ERA5 reanalysis rainfall depicts under (over)‐estimation of rainfall in plain (orographic) regions. The underestimation of ERA5 rainfall is very pronounced over the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal regions, mainly between flash time (T) to two hours after the flash time (T + 2). The results indicate that there is a requirement for additional enhancements in the ERA5 reanalysis rainfall for lightning occurrences.
Appropriateness, timeliness and perinatal outcomes of obstetric referrals managed by caesarean section: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Munyaw Yuda , Moshiro Robert , Ngarina Matilda , Guga Godfrey , Ersdal Hege , Linde Jorgen
Published: April 2024

Objective

To evaluate the appropriateness, timeliness and perinatal outcomes of obstetric referrals compared to nonreferrals managed by caesarean section (CS) at a tertiary hospital.

Methods

Research assistants observed and recorded every delivery prospectively. Neonates were followed to discharge or up to 7 days, and outcomes were recorded. Proportions were used to describe baseline characteristics of the groups, and logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with CS in the referral group.

Results

A total of 10 353 deliveries occurred during the study period: 7.4% (768) were referrals and 92.6% (9585) were nonreferrals. The proportion of CS among referrals was 41.5% (319), nonreferrals 22.5% (2152) and overall 23.8% (2471). Compared to nonreferrals, referred women arrived at the second stage of labour with complications, ending up with emergency CS (p < 0.001). Factors associated with CS with odds ratio (OR) in the referral group were previous CS (11.06), abnormal foetal heart rate (4.96), breech presentation (4.61) and thick meconium (3.61). The referral group had higher proportions of stillbirths and neonatal admissions compared to nonreferrals (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Referred women arrived late with complications ending with CSs and adverse perinatal outcomes. Earlier identification of complications and timely referral from lower‐level facilities may have the potential to prevent adverse outcomes.
Accumulation of soil phosphorus within closed depressions of a drained agricultural watershed
Authors: Mumbi R. C. K. , Williams M. R. , Penn C. J. , Camberato J. J.
Published: April 2024

Closed depressions are common landscape features across glaciated landscapes. Erosion and runoff from depression hillslopes may result in phosphorus (P) accumulation near the bottom of the depression, with this “legacy P” potentially at risk of loss to surface waters when drained via tile drainage. We assessed spatial patterns of soil P within a tile‐drained watershed in northeastern Indiana as a function of landscape position and agricultural management practices. Paired soil samples (depression bottom vs. hillslope contributing area) were collected from agricultural (n = 14) depressions at four depths (0–60 cm). Water‐extractable phosphorus (WEP), Mehlich‐3 extracted phosphorus (M3‐P), total phosphorus (TP), Hedley P fractions, and other physical and chemical characteristics were determined. To assess the risk of P loss, P desorption from surface soils (0–5 cm) was quantified using flow‐through experiments. Results showed that WEP, M3‐P, and TP were 2–10 times greater in the depression bottom compared to hillslopes across all depths. Long‐term management practices such as P application history and tillage influenced the magnitude of soil P concentration, degree of P saturation, and vertical stratification of soil P. Flow‐through experiments highlighted that the risk of P loss was highly dependent on M3‐P concentration for both hillslope and depression soils. Findings therefore indicate that closed depressions may act as hotspots for P cycling and loss in tile‐drained watersheds. Including low‐lying depressional areas as part of a routine soil sampling strategy combined with variable rate P application could lessen P accumulation in depressions and reduce P loading to surface waters.
Evaluating well‐being after compulsory resettlement: Livelihoods, standards of living, and well‐being in Manantali, Mali
Authors: Koenig Dolores
Published: April 2024

Despite efforts to improve outcomes, resettlement projects that aim to improve livelihoods and living standards of the displaced often do not achieve their goals. Could greater attention to the well‐being of the affected improve resettlement outcomes? This article considers standards of living and well‐being among one resettled group, the Bahingkolu of Manantali, Mali, relocated in the mid‐1980s by construction of the Manantali Dam. Anthropological approaches to well‐being that include a greater understanding of people's own conceptions of well‐being and consider well‐being in relationship to their social and physical worlds help elucidate why the Bahinkolu are unsatisfied with their well‐being despite higher standards of living. Because they can no longer grow enough for food self‐sufficiency, they must encourage family members to work elsewhere, thereby risking the sustainability of the family as a single economic unit. In this context, household heads feel constant anxiety about their ability to maintain a cohesive household. The Bahingkolu publicly maintain that they are “victims of the resettlement” as a strategy to gain more resources for the community. To improve the generally negative consequences of involuntary resettlement, planning should expend more effort to appreciate the conceptions of well‐being among the affected.
The impact of parents' stress on parents' and young childrens' mental health—Short‐ and long‐term effects of risk and resilience factors in families with children aged 0–3 in a representative sample
Authors: Löchner Johanna , Ulrich Susanne M. , Lux Ulrike
Published: April 2024

Stress in parents has a significant impact on parenting and infant's development. However, few studies have examined cross‐sectional and longitudinal links on risk and resilience of burdened families. Thus, this study aimed to investigate subjective risk and resilience factors on family well‐being. Data stem from the 2015 nationwide study “Children in Germany” (“Kinder in Deutschland” – KiD 0–3). Parents of children aged zero to 3 years (N = 8.063) were recruited from random probability‐sampled paediatric clinics (n = 271) across Germany. Risk and resilience variables such as parents' perceived stress (PSS‐4), competence, isolation and attachment (PSI), as well as parental inner anger (items from CAP), relationship quality (DAS‐4) and the child's negative emotionality (items from SGKS) were assessed at baseline in addition to demographic variables to predict parents' mental health (PHQ‐4) and negative emotionality of the child at baseline (T1) and in the 2‐year follow‐up (T2) using linear regression models. At baseline, parents' mental health was predicted by inner anger, the child's negative emotionality and being a single parent (R2 = 45.1%) at baseline, but only by parenting competence at the two‐year‐follow‐up (R2 = 25.1%). The child's negative emotionality was predicted (R2 = 27.5%) by the child's age, and parental inner anger and competence, attachment, perceived stress, mental health as well as education background. At two‐year‐follow‐up, the child's age, single parenthood, social welfare benefit, child's negative emotionality at baseline, relationship quality and competence were significant predictor variables (R2 = 22.8%). This study highlights the impact of specific risk and resilience factors not only on parents' mental health but also the child's negative emotionality in the short and long‐term in early childhood. Universal, but also selective prevention programs should increase parents' resilience (e.g., focusing on self‐efficacy, competence, coping strategies).
Gas Release as an Efficient Strategy to Tune Mechanical Properties and Thermoresponsiveness of Dynamic Molecular Crystals
Authors: Das Susobhan , Catalano Luca , Geerts Yves
Published: April 2024

Dynamic molecular crystals combining multiple and finely tunable functionalities are attracting and an increasing attention due to their potential applications in a broad range of fields as efficient energy transducers and stimuli‐responsive materials. In this context, a multicomponent organic salt, piperazinium trifluoroacetate (PZTFA), endowed with an unusual multidimensional responsive landscape is reported. Crystals of the salt undergo smooth plastic deformation under mechanical stress and thermo‐induced jumping. Furthermore, via controlled crystal bending and release of trifluoroacetic acid from the lattice, which is anticipated from the design of the material, both the mechanical response and the thermoresponsive behavior are efficiently tuned while partially preserving the crystallinity of the system. In particular, mechanical deformation hampers guest release and hence the macroscopic jumping effect, while trifluoroacetic acid release stiffens the crystals. These complex adaptive responses establish a new crystal engineering strategy to gain further control over dynamic organic crystals.
Orientation Manipulation and Defect Passivation for Perovskite Solar Cells by a Natural Compound
Authors: Ouyang Yunfei , Ou Zeping , Mwakitawa Ibrahim Mwamburi , Xia Tianyu , Pan Yi , Wang Can , Gao Qin , Zhang Bo , Chen Kun , He Zijuan , Shumilova Tatyana , Guo Bing , Zheng Yujie , Jiang Tingming , Ma Zhu , Sun Kuan
Published: April 2024

Different facets in perovskite crystals exhibit distinct atomic arrangements, influencing their electronic, physical, and chemical properties. Perovskite films incorporating tin oxide (SnO2) as the electron transport layer face challenges in facet regulation. This study reveals that tea saponin (TS), a natural compound serves as a SnO2 modifier, facilitates optimal growth of perovskite crystals on the (111) facet. The modification promotes preferential crystal orientation through hydrogen bond and Lewis coordination. TS forms a chelate with SnO2, resulting in a smoother film and n‐type doping, leading to improved carrier extraction and reduced defects. The TS‐modified perovskite solar cells achieve a champion efficiency of 24.2%, leveraging from an obvious enhancement of open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.18 V and fill factor (FF) of 82.8%. The devices also demonstrate enhanced humidity tolerance and storage stability, ensuring improved stability without encapsulation.
Intelligent jamming detection‐based robust principal components analysis in communication system for security and defense
Authors: Moumena Ahmed , Saim Haddache Imane
Published: April 2024

Threats to physical layer security from jamming attacks make wireless cognitive communication systems vulnerable. Global Positioning System signal is vulnerable to these attacks. Over the last decade, several types of jamming detection techniques have been proposed, antijamming‐based classical and machine learning (ML) techniques. Most of these techniques are inefficient in detecting jammers. Thus, there is a great need for efficient and quickest jamming detection technique‐based classifier using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for different threshold values with high accuracy. In this work, we compare the efficiency of the proposed orthogonal distance (OD) and score distance (SD) method‐based robust principal component analysis (PCA) in ML classification in detecting jamming signals. Two hypotheses are proposed to distinguish between the presence and absence attack problem. Using this compressed data matrix obtained from modulated wideband converter (MWC) structure via centralized cooperation directly as input of the proposed classifier combined‐based ROC curve for real‐time detection scenarios. The performance of this proposed algorithm‐based robust PCA was evaluated and compared using the detection anomaly rate (DAR%), and false alarm rate (FAR%), area under curve (AUC), and accuracy. The performance of obtained results is good.
Single‐cell and bulk RNA‐sequencing reveal SPP1 and CXCL12 as cell‐to‐cell communication markers to predict prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiao Zengtuan , Nian Zhe , Zhang Mengzhe , Liu Zuo , Zhang Pengpeng , Zhang Zhenfa
Published: April 2024

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) generally presents as an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The characteristics of cell‐to‐cell communication in the LUAD microenvironment has been unclear. In this study, the LUAD bulk RNA‐seq data and single‐cell RNA‐seq data were retrieved from public dataset. Differential expression genes (DEGs) between LUAD tumor and adjacent non‐tumor tissues were calculated by limma algorithm, and then detected by PPI, KEGG, and GO analysis. Cell–cell interactions were explored using the single‐cell RNA‐seq data. Finally, the first 15 CytoHubba genes were used to establish related pathways and these pathways were used to characterize the immune‐related ligands and their receptors in LUAD. Our analyses showed that monocytes or macrophages interact with tissue stem cells and NK cells via SPP1 signaling pathway and tissue stem cells interact with T and B cells via CXCL signaling pathway in different states. Hub genes of SPP1 participated in SPP1 signaling pathway, which was negatively correlated with CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell. The expression of SPP1 in LUAD tumor tissues was negatively correlated with the prognosis. While CXCL12 participated in CXCL signaling pathway, which was positively correlated with CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell. The role of CXCL12 in LUAD tumor tissues exhibits an opposite effect to that of SPP1. This study reveals that tumor‐associated monocytes or macrophages may affect tumor progression. Moreover, the SPP1 and CXCL12 may be the critic genes of cell‐to‐cell communication in LUAD, and targeting these pathways may provide a new molecular mechanism for the treatment of LUAD.
Mental Health Friendly Territories: Strategy for the implementation of the Mental Health Policy in Colombia
Authors: Agudelo‐Hernández Felipe , Salazar Vieira Luz María , Plata‐Casas Laura Inés
Published: April 2024

Evidence‐based practices in mental health have been proposed globally and have been adopted in Colombia. However, implementation problems often make it difficult for these initiatives to contribute to people's well‐being. The objective of the present study is to describe a strategy for implementing the components of global mental health in two complex Colombian territories: Chocó and La Guajira. These components are a primary health‐care approach, continuity of care, anti‐stigma, mental health as a human right, mental health in all policies, and a community model of recovery. A monitoring system was created for the reporting of these components by each territory. An appropriation of all the components by the health systems of both territories was found, as mobilization of existing technical resources in the territories and the strengthening of capacities at the administrative, clinical, and community levels, in addition to the articulation of all the strategies proposed at the level global for recovery. Innovation processes built in a participatory manner with communities can favor the implementation of evidence‐based practices and public policies in mental health in territories where social determinants make recovery a challenge.
Introduction
Authors: Zinke-Wehlmann Christian , Friedrich Julia
Published: April 2024

Technologische Innovationen verändern die Art und Weise, wie Gesellschaften funktionieren. Sie bieten bspw. einen besseren Zugang zu Wissen, eine individuellere Produktentwicklung, ermöglichen es, neue Geschäftsfelder zu erschließen oder Bürokratie abzubauen. Folglich geht die digitale Transformation in Organisationen über die bloße Übernahme innovativer Technologien wie künstliche Intelligenz hinaus. Sie erstreckt sich auf die gesamte Organisation, einschließlich ihrer Strukturen, Prozesse und Mitarbeitender. Besonders kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) stehen von der Herausforderung diese Technologien zu adaptieren und Möglichkeiten zu finden, diese mit zu gestalten - oft fehlen hier aber die Ressourcen. Jüngste Entwicklungen wie die EU-Verordnungen über künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und Krisen wie unterbrochene Lieferketten, Fachkräftemangel und Klimawandel haben die Situation für Unternehmen noch schwieriger gemacht. Das Konzept der Industrie 5.0, das als nächster evolutionärer Schritt in der Entwicklung der Industrie angesehen wird, zielt darauf ab, diese Anforderungen zu erfüllen. Industrie 5.0 wird als zukunftssicherer, widerstandsfähiger, nachhaltiger und menschenzentrierter beschrieben. Menschenzentrierte Ansätze sollten als Haupttreiber und Innovationsfaktor für die Industrie 5.0 anerkannt werden. Ein menschenzentrierter Ansatz für die digitale Transformation erfordert, die Bedürfnisse und Interessen der Menschen stärker zu berücksichtigen anstatt alleinig auf die Technologie zu fokussieren. Das Ziel der AI Tomorrow Konferenz ist es, diesen Diskurs zu fördern, indem die nachhaltige und menschenzentrierte Perspektive der digitalen Transformation in den Mittelpunkt der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion gestellt werden. Die erste AI Tomorrow-Konferenz bot Wissenschaftler:innen unterschiedlicher Forschungsdisziplinen Raum, Herausforderungen und Ideen für die Zukunft der KI zu diskutieren.
Identification of Machine Learning Algorithms to Share Tacit Experimental Knowledge in Manual Production
Authors: Prange Christian , Beikzadeh Amin , Dander Holger , Ottersböck Nicole
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the research project “KI_eeper – Know-how to keep” and a first technical research. In this project, tacit experiential knowledge of employees is to be recorded and processed by using artificial intelligence to make it available to inexperienced workers due to a digital assistance system.

First, the difference between tacit and explicit knowledge is briefly explained. The existing case studies will then be examined in more detail and it will be explained why artificial intelligence is necessary for a general solution to identify and storage knowledge in this research project.

Subsequently, various machine learning models and algorithms will be considered, which could be used for a potential technical solution.