bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal and interannual variability in runoff from the Werenskioldbreen catchment, Spitsbergen
Authors: Majchrowska Elżbieta , Ignatiuk Dariusz , Jania Jacek , Marszałek Henryk , Wąsik Mirosław
Published: September 2015

The results from a hydrological monitoring program of Breelva basin (Spits− bergen, Svalbard) have been analysed to improve the understanding of the Werenskiöld Glacier system’s functioning in the High Arctic. Hydrographs of a 44 km2 river basin (27 km2 of which was covered by a glacier) were analysed for the period 2007-2012. Sea− sonal discharge fluctuations were linked to glacier ablation and meteorological parameters, including atmospheric circulation types. A dichotomy was found in the discharge peaks generation during the hydrologically active season, with the main role played by snow and ice melt events during its first part and the rainfall regime dominating its second part. Foehn type strong winds played a significant role in the generation of ablation type floods (e.g. in August 2011). A simple classification of the runoff regime was applied to the examined six−year period, resulting in the identification of its three types: the ablation type (dominant in 2007 and 2009), the rainfall type (in the years 2011-2012), and the mixed type (during 2008 and 2010). According to publications the river flow season in Spitsbergen begins in June and end with freeze−up in September or at the beginning of October. Recently, this sea− son for Breelva tend to be extended with the mid−May onset and end in the second part of October. A multiannual trend was noted that reflects a growing importance of rainfalls, especially in September. Rainfall waters play a more distinct role in outflow from the Breelva catchment recently.
Crinoids from Svalbard in the aftermath of the end−Permian mass extinction
Authors: Salamon Mariusz A. , Gorzelak Przemysław , Hanken Nils−Martin , Riise Henrik Erevik , Ferré Bruno
Published: September 2015

The end-Permian mass extinction constituted a major event in the history of crinoids. It led to the demise of the major Paleozoic crinoid groups including cladids, disparids, flexibles and camerates. It is widely accepted that a single lineage, derived from a late Paleozoic cladid ancestor (Ampelocrinidae), survived this mass extinction. Holocrinid crinoids (Holocrinus, Holocrinida) along with recently described genus Baudicrinus (Encrinida), the only crinoid groups known from the Early Triassic, are considered the stem groups for the post-Paleozoic monophyletic subclass Articulata. Here, we report preliminary data on unexpectedly diverse crinoid faunas comprising at least four orders from the Lower Triassic (Induan and Olenekian) of Svalbard, extending their stratigraphic ranges deeper into the early Mesozoic. These findings strongly imply that the recovery of crinoids in the aftermath of the end-Permian extinction began much earlier at higher palaeolatitudes than in the central Tethys.
Generative reproduction of Antarctic grasses, the native species Deschampsia antarctica Desv. and the alien species Poa annua L.
Authors: Giełwanowska Irena , Kellmann−Sopyła Wioleta
Published: September 2015

The embryology of two species, Deschampsia antarctica, a native species, and Poa annua, an alien species in the Antarctic we studied. Flowering buds of plants growing in their natural habitats on King George Island and generative tissues of both plant species grown in a greenhouse were analyzed. Adaptations to autogamy and anemogamy were observed in the flower anatomy of both species. The microsporangia of the evaluated grasses produce a small number of three−celled pollen grains. Numerous pollen grains do not leave the microsporangium and germinate in the thecae. Deschampsia antarctica and P. annua plants harvested in Antarctica developed a particularly small number of microspores in pollen chambers. In D. antarctica, male gametophytes were produced at a faster rate: generative cells in pollen did not become detached from the wall of the pollen grain, they were not embedded in the cytoplasm of vegetative cells, and they divided into two sperm cells situated close to the wall. The monosporous Polygonum type of embryo sac development was observed in the studied species. The egg apparatus had typical polarization, and the filiform apparatus did not develop in synergids. Large antipodals with polyploidal nuclei were formed in the embryo sacs of D. antarctica and P. annua. Poa annua was characterized by numerous antipodal cells which formed antipodal tissue in the chalazal region of the embryo sac. Three distinct antipodals with atypical, lateral position in the vicinity of the egg apparatus were observed in D. antarctica. The diaspores of the investigated grass species were characterized by small size, low weight and species-specific primary and secondary sculpture of the testa and caryopsis coat.
Specificity of Metabolic Syndrome Model Reproduction at Pubertal and Adult Male Rats
Authors: Bondarenko Larysa Borysivna , Karatzuba Tetiana Anatoliyvna , Shayakhmetova Ganna Mykhaylivna , Voronina Alla Kostiantynivna , Matvienko Anatoliy Vasilievych , Strelkov Ievgen Valentinovych , Kovalenko Valentina Mykolayvna
Published: September 2015

Background and Aims: Comparative estimation of metabolic syndrome (MS) mediated changes of blood, cardio-vascular system, liver, pancreas and kidneys morphologic structure in adult and pubertal rats. Materials and Methods: Wistar albino male rats of two age categories (young animals of 21 days age (50-70g) and adults (160-180g)) were divided into 4 groups (8 animals in each): 1 - Control 1 (intact young rats); 2 - Control 2 (intact adult rats); 3 - MS3 (young rats with MS) and 4 - MS4 (adult rats with MS). The metabolic syndrome model was induced by full replacement of drinking water with 20% fructose solution (200g/l). After 60 days of MS modeling, determination of rat hematological and serum biochemical parameters, glucose tolerance, blood pressure, liver rates of lipid peroxydation and chromatin DNA fragmentation, as well as morphological macroscopic and microscopic studies were carried out. Results: In pubertal rats, glucose tolerance, hypertension, blood clotting disturbances, DNAfragmentation and lipid peroxydation rates were affected more profoundly, while mature rats showed greater Pseudo Pelger-Huet anomaly development, serum cholesterol and lipoproteins increases, liver and kidney morphology changes. Conclusions: Our current data combined with previous results of other authors allow us to conclude that an animal model (Wistar rats) of MS is quite easily obtained in a full age range, from juvenile to mature rats.
Profiling of proteins and proteases in the products of the salivary gland, digestive tract and excretions from larvae of the camel nasal botfly, Cephalopina titillator (Clark)
Authors: Yousef Hesham A. , Afify Amira , Meguid Afaf Abdel , Hassan Hany M.
Published: September 2015

Proteins and proteolytic activities in the contents of the salivary gland (SGc), digestive tract (DTc) and excretory-secretory products (ESP) from larvae of the camel nasal botfly Cephalopina titillator were separated electrophoretically, and characterized. The protein profiles of the different samples were qualitatively quite similar in the larval stages L2 and L3. Zymogram analysis of proteases in the samples indicated that the digestive tract contained a greater variety of proteases than the salivary gland or the excretory-secretory products. They are mainly serine proteases. Proteases of ESP and DTc (especially of 3rd instar) contain trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like serine proteases, while the serine proteases of SGc are not of the trypsin- or chemotrypsin-type.
Synthesis of Azo Polyurethane-Urea and Investigation of its Thermo-Optic Properties
Authors: Chen Caihong , Yang Zhening , Qiu Fengxian , Cao Tianlin , Cao Guorong , Guan Yijun , Yang Dongya
Published: September 2015

An azo chromophore molecular
S(-)-1,2-bis(4-azophenyl-4-nitro)-ethylenediamine
(OABANEDA) was synthesized with 4-nitroaniline and
S(-)-1,2-diphenyl ethylenediamine by diazo-coupling
reaction. The azo polyurethane-urea (OAAPUU) was obtained from
OABANEDA, polyether diol (NJ-210) and isophorone diisocyanate
(IPDI). The structure of OAAPUU was characterized by the Fourier
transform infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy. The physical and
mechanical properties of OAAPUU were investigated. The refractive
index (n) and transmission loss of OAAPUU film were measured at
different temperatures and different laser wavelengths
(532 nm, 650 nm and 850 nm) by an
attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique and CCD digital imaging
devices. A Y-branch and Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI-type)
switches based on thermo-optic effect of OAAPUU film were designed and
simulated. The result showed that the power consumption of the
Y-branch switch and the MZI-type switch could be only
0.52 mW and 1 mW, while the response times of
the two types switches reach about 0.2 ms and
0.01 ms, respectively.
The Continuing Importance of Bertrand Russell
Authors: Monk Ray
Published: September 2015

To really appreciate the range of his achievements, we need an interdisciplinary effort; we need a carefully researched definitive edition of Russell's work, edited by a team consisting of, among others, philosophers and historians, a journal devoted to studying the various aspects of his activities and a whole army of researchers with access to a well-catalogued archive of his papers.
A Bibliographical Index for The Principles of Mathematics
Authors: Blackwell Kenneth
Published: September 2015

Although Russell included in his general index most of the authors he cited in the Principles, he still omitted a fair number, including Moore for one article and his own writings many times. Some of his citations are incomplete, vague, or in error. This index offers full citations for all 166 of his references to the literature of his subject.
Genomic Instability of the Sex-Determining Locus in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Lubieniecki Krzysztof P , Lin Song , Cabana Emily I , Li Jieying , Lai Yvonne Y Y , Davidson William S
Published: September 2015

Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, like other members of the subfamily Salmoninae, are gonochoristic with male heterogamety. The finding that sex-linked genetic markers varied between species suggested that the sex-determining gene differs among salmonid species, or that there is one sex-determining gene that has the capacity to move around the genome. The discovery of sdY, the sex-determining gene in rainbow trout, and its presence in many male salmonids gave support to the latter. Additional evidence for a salmonid-specific, sex-determining jumping gene came from the mapping of the sex-determining locus to three different chromosomes in Tasmanian male Atlantic salmon lineages. To characterize the sex-determining region, we isolated three sdY containing BACs from an Atlantic salmon male library. Sequencing of these BACs yielded two contigs, one of which contained the sdY gene. Sequence analysis of the borders of male-specific and female/male common regions revealed highly repetitive sequences associated with mobile elements, which may allow an sdY cassette to jump around the genome. FISH analysis using a BAC or a plasmid containing the sdY gene showed that the sdY gene did indeed localize to the chromosomes where SEX had been mapped in different Tasmanian Atlantic salmon families. Moreover, the plasmid sdY gene probe hybridized primarily to one of the sex chromosomes as would be expected of a male-specific gene. Our results suggest that a common salmonid sex-determining gene (sdY) can move between three specific loci on chromosomes 2, 3, and 6, giving the impression that there are multiple SEX loci both within and between salmonid species.
Codon and Amino Acid Usage Are Shaped by Selection Across Divergent Model Organisms of the Pancrustacea
Authors: Whittle Carrie A , Extavour Cassandra G
Published: September 2015

In protein-coding genes, synonymous codon usage and amino acid composition correlate to expression in some eukaryotes, and may result from translational selection. Here, we studied large-scale RNA-seq data from three divergent arthropod models, including cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus), milkweed bug (Oncopeltus fasciatus), and the amphipod crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis, and tested for optimization of codon and amino acid usage relative to expression level. We report strong signals of AT3 optimal codons (those favored in highly expressed genes) in G. bimaculatus and O. fasciatus, whereas weaker signs of GC3 optimal codons were found in P. hawaiensis, suggesting selection on codon usage in all three organisms. Further, in G. bimaculatus and O. fasciatus, high expression was associated with lowered frequency of amino acids with large size/complexity (S/C) scores in favor of those with intermediate S/C values; thus, selection may favor smaller amino acids while retaining those of moderate size for protein stability or conformation. In P. hawaiensis, highly transcribed genes had elevated frequency of amino acids with large and small S/C scores, suggesting a complex dynamic in this crustacean. In all species, the highly transcribed genes appeared to favor short proteins, high optimal codon usage, specific amino acids, and were preferentially involved in cell-cycling and protein synthesis. Together, based on examination of 1,680,067, 1,667,783, and 1,326,896 codon sites in G. bimaculatus, O. fasciatus, and P. hawaiensis, respectively, we conclude that translational selection shapes codon and amino acid usage in these three Pancrustacean arthropods.
Anastasia Candre: nɨmairango —mujer de saber— en Yuakɨ Murui-Muina
Authors: Areiza Serna Laura
Published: September 2015

Este artículo trata sobre la investigación de Anastasia Candre Yamacuri en torno al ritual de frutas (yuakɨ), en su texto inédito Yuakɨ Murui-Muina: cantos del ritual de frutas de los uitoto. La primera parte presenta a Anastasia como nɨmairango, mujer de conocimiento, a partir de su introducción autobiográfica, y discute sobre las difíciles relaciones entre producción de conocimiento y género para una mujer indígena en la ciudad. Luego aborda dos aspectos de su investigación sobre el ritual de frutas: el significado y estructura del ritual, y una aproximación a la interpretación de un canto de adivinanza de la variante jaiokɨ. Finalmente, hace una breve referencia a las pinturas elaboradas por Anastasia que ilustran el proceso del ritual de frutas.
La constitución de naüne (cuerpo) entre los yunatügü (tikuna)
Authors: Santos Angarita Abel Antonio
Published: September 2015

Los yunatügü (tikuna) perciben a los na (seres) como poseedores de cuatro principios fundamentales: pora (poder), naẽ (pensamiento), maü̃ (vitalidad) y kua̰ (conocimiento). Para el yuukü (curandero) el cuerpo humano es una red de tü (hilos) de humo de tabaco. Los cuerpos están interconectados con Naane (territorio, cosmos) por intermedio de esos tü, plantados en el cuerpo; mediante ellos las energías positivas y negativas entran y salen del cuerpo, y a través de ellos podemos ser víctimas de los yuukü maléficos y de los ngo̰ogü (espíritus). El cuerpo es un flujo de energía que está en constante reajuste, ligado íntimamente a la organización sociocultural del grupo. Los tikuna deben realizar constantemente acciones y respetar prohibiciones para lograr esos ajustes, lo cuales constituyen relaciones personales y colectivas con los animales, plantas, fenómenos naturales y seres visibles e invisibles. Es ahí que el acto del yuukü funciona como un elemento de mediación para el equilibrio corpóreo individual y social. 
El arte de contar y pintar la propia historia
Authors: Jacanamijoy Benjamín
Published: September 2015

Partiendo de la investigación de los cinturones chumbe tejidos por las mujeres Inga, Benjamín Jacanamijoy inició una exploración de las potencialidades transformacionales del telar de su pueblo, creando nuevas superficies y volúmenes envueltos con diseños. Su experimentación con materiales, colores, formas y texturas conjuga los saberes de las mujeres al pensamiento de los hombres yageceros, haciendo de cada obra un vehículo colorido para viajar por la ciudad contando la propia historia Inga. 
Al sonido lo voy convirtiendo en ser
Authors: Yahuarcani Santiago
Published: September 2015

De niño travieso a pintor de sonidos, el testimonio de Santiago Yahuarcani conmueve por su sentido del humor y su inusitado recorrido. Sus experimentos infantiles solitarios con unos hongos que encontraba en el camino a la chacra de su madre, le sirvieron, años más tarde, de fuente de inspiración para crear nuevas figuras y sustentar a sus propios hijos con la venta de su arte. Nacido con madre uitoto y padre cocama, Santiago siguió, sin saberlo, los pasos de Fídoma, el héroe de la historia oral del clan Aymenu que coloreó todos los seres de la selva. Santiago, coloreó inclusive, sus sonidos. 
Quiero volver a la Muyuna, al remolino de mis orígenes
Authors: Taricuarima Pablo
Published: September 2015

En sus pinturas de pescados y pescadores, Pablo Taricuarima, retrata los triunfos y las resignaciones cotidianas de su madre, padre, hermanos y tíos, una familia del pueblo cocama cuya vida proviene y fluye con los colores de los ríos amazónicos. En sus intervenciones espaciales, transporta las tecnologías de la pesca a la ciudad y cubre con redes, nidos, caracoles y trampas las plazas y los pocos espacios vacíos disponibles entre los edificios y el cemento.
La observación de la cotidianidad de la vida
Authors: Rubio Brus
Published: September 2015

Después de intentar pintar los múltiples seres que pueblan la historia oral bora y uitoto de sus ancestros, Brus Rubio encontró en los gestos cotidianos de los hombres y las mujeres de su comunidad una técnica de observación y de producción de figuras en movimiento propia y adecuada para expresar su percepción de la historia de los pueblos del río Ampiyacu.
Editorial: Anastasia Candre y otros creadores indígenas
Authors: Echeverri Juan Alvaro
Published: September 2015

Presentación de la trayectoria personal e intelectual de Anastasia Candre, presentación del contenido de los tres dossiers de la revista (Anastasia Candre, Mira - Artes Visuales Contemporáneas de los Pueblos Indígenas, e Investigación Propia), discusión de la riqueza lingüistica y expresiva de estos textos y de su aporte como formas alternativas de conocimiento y expresión. Concluye con unas palabras en memoria de Roberto Franco García y Daniel Matapí, fallecidos en septiembre de 2014 en un accidente aéreo.
Some quadratic irrationals with explicit continued fraction and Engel series expansions
Authors: Kanasri Narakorn Rompurk , Laohakosol Vichian , Changphas Tawat
Published: September 2015

A remarkable class of quadratic irrational elements having both explicit Engel series and continued fraction expansions in the field of Laurent series, mimicking the case of real numbers discovered by Sierpiński and later extended by Tamura, is constructed. Linear integer-valued polynomials which can be applied to construct such class are determined. Corresponding results in the case of real numbers are mentioned.
Implications of Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome and Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ashouri Kenan , Mohseni Sophia , Tourtelot John , Sharma Pranav , Spiess Philippe E.
Published: September 2015

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHLS) is a rare hereditary neoplastic disorder caused by mutations in the vhl gene leading to the development of tumors in several organs including the central nervous system, pancreas, kidneys, and reproductive organs. Manifestations of VHLS can present at different ages based on the affected organ and subclass of disease. In the subclasses of VHLS that cause renal disease, renal involvement typically begins closer to the end of the second decade of life and can present in different ways ranging from simple cystic lesions to solid tumors. Mutations in vhl are most often associated with clear cell renal carcinoma, the most common type of renal cancer, and also play a major role in sporadic cases of clear cell renal carcinoma. The recurrent, multifocal nature of this disease presents difficult challenges in the long-term management of patients with VHLS. Optimization of renal function warrants the use of several different approaches common to the management of renal carcinoma such as nephron-sparing surgery, enucleation, ablation, and targeted therapies. In VHLS, renal lesions of 3 cm or bigger are considered to have metastatic potential and even small lesions often harbor malignancy. Many of the aspects of management revolve around optimizing both oncologic outcome and long-term renal function. As new surgical strategies and targeted therapies develop, the management of this complex disease evolves.  This review will discuss the key aspects of the current management of VHLS.
Extreme Neutrophilie bei der Katze – Ätiologie und Prognose
Authors: Bauer N. , Moritz A. , Langenstein J.
Published: September 2015

Ziel der retrospektiven Studie war, Ätiologie und prognostische Faktoren einer extremen Neutrophilie bei Katzen zu untersuchen. Methoden: Die Auswertung erstreckte sich auf die Krankenakten von 5 Jahren (Januar 2008 bis Dezember 2013). Einschlusskriterium war eine Neutrophilenzahl von > 40 x 109/l. Es erfolgte eine Einteilung in die vier Gruppen „Entzündung”, „Neoplasie”, „immunvermittelte Erkrankung und „unbekannte Ätiologie”. Ausgewertet wurden die Parameter Vorstellungsgrund, Körperinnentemperatur, Hospitalisierung, Hospitalisierungszeit, Überleben, Linksverschiebung und Toxizität neutrophiler Granulozyten. Ergebnisse: 28/5185 Katzen (0,5%) zeigten eine extreme Neutophilie mit einer medianen Neutrophilenzahl von 48,5 x 109/l (40,0–76,0 x 109/l). Entzündliche Prozesse waren mit 16/28 Fällen (57%) die häufigste Ätiologie, wobei die Peritonitis (5/15 Katzen, 31%) dominierte. In der Gruppe Neoplasie (9/28 Katzen, 32%) lag am häufigsten eine intestinale Neoplasie mit sekundärer Peritonitis vor (4/9 Katzen, 44%). Unbekannte (2/28 Katzen, 7%) und immunvermittelte Erkrankungen (1/28 Katzen, 3,6%) kamen seltener vor. Die häufigsten Vorstellungsgründe waren Mattigkeit, Inappetenz, Fieber und gastrointestinale Symptome. Die Körperinnentemperatur variierte zwischen 33,9 °C und 40,2 °C, wobei 2/24 Katzen (8%) eine Hyperthermie (> 39,3 °C) und 5/24 Katzen (21%) eine Hypothermie (< 38,0 °C) aufwiesen. 21/28 Katzen (75%) wurden über median 5,5 Tage (1–30 Tage) hospitalisiert. Von 24/28 Katzen lag ein manuell angefertigtes Differenzialzellbild vor, wobei in 23/24 Fällen (96%) eine Linksverschiebung und in 21/24 (88%) eine Toxizität neutrophiler Granulozyten nachgewiesen wurde. Der Anteil überlebender Katzen betrug ca. 50% und war in der Gruppe „Neoplasie” geringer als in der Gruppe „Entzündung” (22% vs. 56%, p < 0,0001). Schlussfolgerung: Eine extreme Neutrophilie ist bei der Katze selten. Sie entsteht häufig durch fremdkörperassoziierte Peritonitiden oder rupturierte intestinale Neoplasien (insbesondere intestinales Lymphom) und zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Mortalität aus.
Diagnose der kaninen Parvovirus-Infektion
Authors: Proksch A. L. , Hartmann K.
Published: September 2015

Die kanine Parvovirus-Infektion stellt die weltweit häufigste Viruserkrankung beim Hund dar und weist noch immer eine sehr hohe Mortalitätsrate auf. Sie betrifft vor allem Welpen, wenn deren Titer an maternalen Antikörpern abgesunken ist und sich impfinduzierte Antikörper noch nicht entwickelt haben. Eine schnelle und sichere Diagnose ist aus zwei Gründen essenziell, einerseits, um erkrankte Welpen schnell zu erkennen und sie einer intensiven Therapie zu unterziehen, andererseits, um Ausscheider zu identifizieren und eine Verbreitung des Virus zu vermeiden. Zur Diagnosestellung gibt es viele verschiedene Möglichkeiten. Während sich der Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen kanine Parvoviren für die Diagnose nicht eignet, ist der Nachweis der Viren oder ihrer Bestandteile (Antigen, DNA) beweisend. Für diesen direkten Erregernachweis können verschiedene Tests aus kommerziellen Labors wie auch auf ELISA basierende praxistaugliche Schnelltests verwendet werden. Letztgenannte verfügen über eine durchweg exzellente Spezifität, doch liegt die Anzahl falsch negativer Testergebnisse in der Regel sehr hoch, woraus sich Fehldiagnosen ergeben können. Die Polymerasekettenreaktion ist eine sehr sensitive und spezifische Nachweismethode. Sie bietet den weiteren Vorteil, dass durch eine sich anschließende Sequenzierung eine Differenzierung zwischen Impf- und Feldstämmen vorgenommen werden kann.
Assessment of Periodontal and Hygiene Conditions of Removable Partial Dentures in Individuals with Clefts
Authors: Fraga De Almeida Ana Lúcia Pompéia , Catalani Danilo Tomazzini , Garcia De Oliveira Pedro César , Soares Simone , Tunes Fábio Sanches Magalhães , Neppelenbroek Karin Hermana
Published: September 2015

Objective

To assess hygiene conditions in removable partial dentures (RPDs) and to compare the periodontal status between abutment and nonabutment teeth in clefts patients.

Design

Cross-sectional.

Settings

Tertiary referral hospital.

Participants

Forty-five patients of both genders, aged 20 to 75 years, who were upper RPD wearers for at least 2 years, with cleft lip, alveolus, and/or palate who attended follow-up appointments between 2010 and 2012.

Interventions

The clinical periodontal parameters assessed on abutment teeth (experimental group) and nonabutment teeth (control group) were probing depth, clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index, and gingival index (GI). The RPDs were evaluated under the following parameters: hygiene conditions and type of clasp on abutment. Both groups were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn's statistical test. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.

Results

One hundred sixty-six abutment teeth and 168 nonabutment teeth were evaluated in 45 patients. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups for the CAL parameter ( P = .03). With regard to the prostheses' hygiene conditions through the Tarbet index parameter, of the 186 quadrants evaluated, 143 scored 2 and 3. Ackers' clasps were the most frequent clasps (n = 111). A statistically significant difference was found for the GI parameter ( P = .03).

Conclusions

It was possible to conclude, in this cross-sectional study, that in general terms, the use of RPDs did not interfere in the periodontal conditions of abutment teeth; however, most prostheses presented poor hygiene and high quantity of dental plaque.
Responses of a Waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) Population Resistant to HPPD-Inhibiting Herbicides to Foliar-Applied Herbicides
Authors: Hausman Nicholas E. , Tranel Patrick J. , Riechers Dean E. , Hager Aaron G.
Published: September 2015

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to characterize the response of a waterhemp population from McLean County, IL to foliar-applied 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) –inhibiting herbicides and determine the population's sensitivity to herbicides from other site-of-action groups. In the field, 10 to 15–cm-tall waterhemp treated with mesotrione at 105 g ai ha−1, tembotrione at 92 g ai ha−1, or topromezone at 18 g ai ha−1had significantly greater biomass (≥ 10%) 14 d after treatment (DAT) than waterhemp harvested the day of herbicide application, indicating growth had occurred following herbicide application. Waterhemp growth stage at the time of herbicide application influenced control. Mesotrione applied at 105 g ha−1alone or combined with atrazine at 560 g ai ha−1provided significantly greater waterhemp control (≥ 66%) when applied to small waterhemp plants (2 to 5 cm tall) compared with applications made to plants 5 to 10 or 10 to 15 cm tall. Glyphosate, glufosinate, fomesafen, lactofen, or acifluorfen provided greater waterhemp control (≥ 68%) 7 and 14 DAT than mesotrione, dicamba, or 2,4-D. Control of this population with atrazine, chlorimuron, and imazethapyr did not exceed 12%. Results of a greenhouse experiment with waterhemp plants grown from field-collected seed were similar to field data, and confirm the McLean County population was poorly controlled with HPPD, photosystem II, and acetolactate synthase inhibitors.
Buenas prácticas de emprendimiento de una institución de educación superior en Celaya, Gto.
Authors: C. Troncoso Patricia , Rojas Eduardo , Diosdado Estrada Pablo , Hurtado Sánchez Tzili F.
Published: September 2015

Este estudio describe el proceso de fomento al emprendedurismo en una Institución de Educación Superior (IES) de Celaya, Guanajuato. Sedestacan las buenas prácticas del proceso utilizado como: diseñar el contenido de una asignatura en todas las carreas, con énfasis en el desarrollosostenible, incluir materias y actividades que apoyan durante el currí­culo, difusión interna y externa, y vinculación con el sector empresarial y con el gobierno local.
Sistema de valuación salarial para un cabildo municipal en el estado de Guanajuato, en México.
Authors: Mendoza Torres Dra. Christian Paulina , Cuevas Romo Dra. Ana , Hernández Sampieri Dr. Roberto
Published: September 2015

La compensación salarial es una cuestión significativa en la vida de las organizaciones, a su vez, para que ésta sea justa y competitiva se requiere un sistema de tabulación de puestos válido, homologado, confiable yequitativo.Se procedió a efectuar una investigación holí­stica que identificó las variables que deben incluirse en un sistema de compensaciones salariales abarcando todos los niveles jerárquicos y áreas funcionales. Tal estudio se llevó a cabo en el Ayuntamiento de una ciudad del Estado de Guanajuato, en México. El método utilizado fue el de estudio de caso mixto, con preponderancia cuantitativa; el instrumento de medición y análisis fue el sistema de valuación de puntos, para registrar la información de los perfiles de 224 puestos de las 12 dependencias centralizadas consideradas en la muestra.El estudio condujo a la propuesta de un método cuyo propósito es orientar a los cabildos a generar un sistema de tabulador de salarios equitativo tomando en cuenta las dimensiones habilidades, responsabilidades, esfuerzo,ambiente laboral y competencia en el mercado.
Estudio regional: igualdad de género en pymes y cooperativas
Authors: Fosado Martí­nez Dulce Olivia
Published: September 2015

Reseña del libro de:Sallé Alonso, Marí­a Ángeles. 2014Estudio Regional: Igualdad de género en PYMES yCooperativas.Programa de la Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo(PNUD)-Gobierno de España.Páginas 176ISBN 978-9962-688-29-7
CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO CONGRESSO USP AO ESTUDO DA ÁREA TEMÁTICA CONTROLADORIA E CONTABILIDADE GERENCIAL: UMA BIBLIOMETRIA
Authors: Mello Ribeiro Henrique Cesar
Published: September 2015

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar as características da produção científica dos artigos publicados na área temática controladoria e contabilidade gerencial no Congresso USP de Controladoria e Contabilidade no período de 2001 a 2011. Tal objetivo justifica-se por não terem sido encontradas pesquisas que especificamente trabalhassem o perfil dos artigos da área de controladoria e contabilidade gerencial. Realizou-se, portanto, uma pesquisa bibliométrica, tipo exploratória e descritiva, com procedimento documental de abordagem quantitativa. Os principais resultados foram: artigos com autoria múltipla se destacaram; o autor que mais publicou artigos foi Ilse Maria Beuren; a Universidade de São Paulo é a IES que mais publicou artigos; Robert S. Kaplan é o autor mais citado; mais da metade das referências é oriunda de livros nacionais e internacionais; a abordagem metodológica quantitativa é a mais ressaltada nos 301 artigos analisados e os temas custos, finanças, gestão organizacional, gestão governamental, sistema de informação gerencial, contabilidade gerencial, informação contábil e balanced scorecard, são os mais constantes nos 11 anos de pesquisa sobre as temáticas controladoria e contabilidade gerencial. Concluiu-se, nesta pesquisa, que o perfil macro das publicações e da evolução da área temática controladoria e contabilidade gerencial analisa variáveis sobre o tema com o intuito de nortear e, efetivamente, contribuir para a melhor compreensão, melhoria e fomento dos artigos publicados sobre a área temática, ora investigada no meio acadêmico.

Palavras-chave: Controladoria. Contabilidade gerencial. Meta-análise. Congresso USP.
ELABORAÇÃO E MONITORAMENTO DE CRONOGRAMA EM PROJETO COM RESTRIÇÃO DE PRAZO EM UMA INSTITUIÇÃO DE ENSINO E PESQUISA
Authors: Moutinho José De Assunção , De Carvalho Kahan , Kniess Claudia Terezinha
Published: September 2015

O prazo de execução vem se caracterizando como uma significativa restrição em vários projetos. Considerado isso, um ingrediente fundamental para a sua conclusão, respeitando-se os limites restritivos do tempo, passa pela escolha do método mais adequado ao desenvolvimento do seu cronograma.  No contexto de um laboratório de pesquisa de P&D em uma universidade pública, este relato técnico valeu-se da estratégia de pesquisa-ação para analisar o problema apresentado. A conclusão aponta para o Método da Corrente Crítica como mais adequado ao desenvolvimento de cronograma no caso específico, dadas as particularidades do ambiente e do projeto, no entanto, não descarta a necessidade de mais investigações em projetos desta natureza.
Palavras-chave: Cronograma de projetos. Método da Corrente Crítica. Método do Caminho
Plant‐soil feedbacks as drivers of succession: evidence from remnant and restored tallgrass prairies
Authors: Bauer Jonathan T. , Mack Keenan M. L. , Bever James D.
Published: September 2015

Plant‐soil feedbacks can contribute to the coexistence of plant species and may predict the abundance of plant species within communities. Here, we test if plant‐soil feedbacks act as drivers of secondary succession. We found that the strength of feedback experienced by a plant species was positively correlated with that species' successional stage, indicating that plant‐soil feedbacks can contribute to shifts in plant species abundance during succession. We did not observe a significant relationship between strength of feedback and plant species abundance at our study sites, but the positive relationship of feedback and successional stage would generate positive relationships between feedback and the abundance of plant species in communities at equilibrium. This result is supported by spatially explicit simulation models that demonstrate the potential for plant‐soil feedbacks to determine changes in species abundance over time and the increasing strength of the relationship between feedback and plant species abundance during succession.
Resilience of a novel ecosystem after the loss of a keystone species: plague epizootics and urban prairie dog management
Authors: Beals Stower C. , Preston Daniel L. , Wessman Carol A. , Seastedt Timothy R.
Published: September 2015

In a complex urban‐impacted landscape, native black‐tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) amplify the trajectory at which grassland plant communities deviate from historical configurations. Prairie dog removal has been proposed as an intervention method based upon the premise that removing a major directional driver of change will initiate the recovery of historically common plant communities. However, in a heavily anthropogenically influenced landscape with a matrix containing only small fragmented areas of native vegetation, the recolonization speed and success of native plant species may not match those observed in less anthropogenically influenced landscapes. This study examined the effect of urban prairie dog removal by using remote sensing to observe the response of plant communities near Boulder, Colorado, USA to plague epizootics. We used Mann‐Whitney U tests to compare the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) values from colonies recently extirpated by plague to both areas unoccupied by prairie dogs and to plague‐absent colonies. Analysis of 67 Landsat images in three growing season subsets suggested that prairie dog removal alone does not return colony plant communities to compositions representative of grassland areas unoccupied by prairie dogs. The absence of SAVI value changes in the mid‐ and late‐growing seasons suggested that novel vegetation communities on urban prairie dog colonies were highly resilient systems, and prairie dog removal alone was insufficient for restoration. Furthermore, increased early season SAVI values on extirpated colonies could indicate a proliferation of introduced winter active species and exotic forbs, not the desired reemergence of native species, but rather species expected given current climatic changes. Intensive management efforts appear necessary for overcoming the thresholds required to restore urban prairie dog colonies to their historical compositions, an effort made increasingly more difficult with the ongoing effects of other global change drivers.
Current Legal Issues in Intellectual Property Rights and Protection for Crop Plants
Authors: Jondle Robert J. , Hill Krista K. , Sanny Tony
Published: September 2015

Numerous intellectual property protection options are available for plants and plant‐based inventions both in the United States and abroad, including utility and plant patents, plant variety rights, plant breeders' rights, trade secrets, contract law, and trademarks. Careful planning and consideration of these options is critical to obtaining and maintaining optimum intellectual property protection. Recent court cases concerning patent law, as well as other current intellectual property topics such as genetically modified organism labeling and protection for essentially derived varieties, lend additional guidance to consideration of these important intellectual property options.
Adding Genetically Distant Individuals to Training Populations Reduces Genomic Prediction Accuracy in Barley
Authors: Lorenz Aaron J. , Smith Kevin P.
Published: September 2015

One of the most important factors affecting genomic prediction accuracy appears to be training population (TP) composition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genomic relationship on genomic prediction accuracy and determine if adding increasingly unrelated individuals to a TP can reduce prediction accuracy. To accomplish this, a population of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines from the University of Minnesota (lines denoted as MN) and North Dakota State University (lines denoted as ND) breeding programs were used for model training. Predictions were validated using two independent sets of progenies derived from MN × MN crosses and ND × ND crosses. Predictive ability sharply decreased with decreasing relationship between the TP and validation population (VP). More importantly, it was observed that adding increasingly unrelated individuals to the TP can actually reduce predictive ability compared with smaller TPs consisting of highly related individuals only. Reported results are possibly conditional on the relatively low marker density (342 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) used. Nevertheless, these findings suggest plant breeding programs desiring to use genomic selection could benefit from focusing on good phenotyping of smaller TPs closely related to the selection candidates rather than developing large and diverse TPs.
Condensed Tannin Accumulation during Seed Coat Development in Five Common Bean Genotypes
Authors: Elsadr Hanny T. , Marles M.A. Susan , Caldas Gina V. , Blair Matthew W. , Bett Kirstin E.
Published: September 2015

Condensed tannins (CT) are important determinants of the colorful seed coats characteristic of many dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) market classes. These compounds are also important for plant development and human nutrition. Understanding the dynamics of CT accumulation during seed development and the genetic basis of this trait will contribute to the development of more nutritionally beneficial bean cultivars. Differences in patterns of CT accumulation were evaluated in the seed coats of five dry bean genotypes, which had contrasting final CT concentrations. Seed coats were assayed in developing pods taken from 6 d after flowering (DAF) onward to maturity. Condensed tannins were already present at 6 DAF in all genotypes, regardless of their final concentration. Concentrations leveled off and stabilized earlier in low CT genotypes than in those genotypes that ultimately had moderate to high concentrations. In contrast, genotypes that contained moderate to high final CT concentrations accumulated CT throughout seed coat development. Our results indicate that seed coat CT concentration in the seeds harvested during the period from 12 to 18 DAF can serve to accurately predict final CT ranking of seeds.
Location Effects and Their Implications in Breeding for Sugarcane Yield and Quality in the Midlands Region in South Africa
Authors: Zhou Marvellous M. , Gwata Eastonce T.
Published: September 2015

The genotype × environment interaction (G×E) influences the values of genetic gains attained by plant breeding programs when breeding materials are evaluated in diverse agro‐ecological areas. This study was designed to evaluate a broad spectrum of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) genotypes for G×E and determine the yield and quality differences in the Midlands sugarcane production region of South Africa. Three of the testing locations consisted of a humic soil type, whereas the remainder was under sandy soils. Data collected from the plant and first and second ratoon crops in randomized complete block trials with three replications were analyzed. The significant (P < 0.001) cane yield and quality [estimable recoverable crystal (ERC) per cane, dry matter (DM) per cane, fiber per cane] differences at locations and the significant (P < 0.01) genotype × location interaction (GL) effects supported the need to continue developing varieties that are specifically adapted for humic and sandy soils. The sandy soil locations were more diverse in their sand, clay, and organic matter content than humic soil locations. The cane yield of genotypes was significantly (P < 0.001) higher and the ERC per cane was significantly lower at locations with humic soils than sandy soils. Therefore, there is merit in breeding for high sucrose content in the humic soil breeding program and focusing on high biomass accumulation in the sandy soils program to increase overall sugar yield.
Functional Codominant Marker for Selecting the Fw Gene Conferring Resistance to Fusarium Wilt Race 1 in Pea
Authors: Jain Shalu , Weeden Norman F. , Kumar Ajay , Chittem Kishore , McPhee Kevin
Published: September 2015

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (Fop) is a major soil‐borne pathogen and the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of pea (Pisum sativum L.), resulting in significant yield losses. Resistant cultivars have become the most effective method for controlling this fungal disease. The gene controlling resistance to F. oxysporum race 1 in pea, Fw, is located on linkage group (LG) III and widely used in breeding programs. Although this locus is routinely used for developing resistant cultivars, a robust codominant DNA marker for selection of the Fw gene is not currently available. We developed a breeder‐friendly functional codominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker, THO, which can be used in pea breeding programs for selection of resistance to F. oxysporum race 1. Using this marker, we were able to select pea lines with 96 to 98% accuracy in mapping populations and 94% accuracy in advanced pea breeding lines. This marker, in combination with other gene based markers (AnMtL6, Mt5_56, and PRX1TRAP13) developed from conserved sequences of closely related legume species, lays the foundation for candidate gene identification through comparative mapping.
Maximum Attainable Wheat Yield and Resource‐Use Efficiency in the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Lollato Romulo P. , Edwards Jeffrey T.
Published: September 2015

Maximum reported grain yields for hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the southern Great Plains range from 6 to 8 Mg ha–1 and are significantly lower than yields achieved in other regions of the world. The lack of empirical data for wheat under nonlimiting conditions in this region, however, suggests that maximum reported grain yields for the region might not represent maximum attainable yields. Our objective was to perform the agronomic characterization of wheat grown under nonlimiting conditions across the southern Great Plains. Four dryland and two irrigated fields were sown to ‘Iba’ winter wheat in the 2012–2013 growing season and repeated during 2013–2014 in central Oklahoma. Fields were intensively managed for fertility for maximum yield and freedom from weeds, insects, and disease. Aboveground dry matter at maturity ranged from 9.95 to 20.5 Mg ha–1, but harvest index (HI) did not surpass 0.41 and grain yields ranged from 3.06 to 7.68 Mg ha–1. The highest yield was achieved under irrigated conditions in 2013–2014, but one dryland site produced 7.11 Mg ha–1 grain in 2012–2013. Maximum radiation‐use efficiency (RUE) ranged from 0.8 to 1.9 g MJ–1 and water‐use efficiency (WUE) from 7.8 to 12.6 kg ha–1 mm–1. The wheat characteristics measured in this study were near or above maximum values reported in the literature for the region, and our data provide empirical evidence to support maximum attainable wheat yields of 7.68 Mg ha–1 when wheat is grown under nonlimiting conditions in the southern Great Plains.
Seasonal Herbage Accumulation and Nutritive Value of Irrigated ‘Tifton 85’, Jiggs, and Vaquero Bermudagrasses in Response to Harvest Frequency
Authors: Silva Valdson J. , Pedreira Carlos G.S. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Carvalho Marcos S.S. , Tonato Felipe , Basto Débora C.
Published: September 2015

Grasses within the Cynodon genus are widely used perennial forages, and ‘Tifton 85’ (Cynodon spp.) is one of the most popular commercial cultivars. Jiggs and Vaquero are new C. dactylon (L.) Pers. grasses, but there is little information comparing their performance with Tifton 85 under tropical conditions. The objectives were to describe and explain variation in seasonal herbage accumulation (HA) and nutritive value of irrigated Tifton 85, Jiggs, and Vaquero bermudagrasses in response to harvest frequency (14, 28, and 42 d). The trial was performed for 2 yr in Piracicaba, Brazil, on a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox soil. In the warm season, total HA of Jiggs was similar to Tifton 85, and both were more productive than Vaquero. Under the 42‐d frequency, Jiggs had greater annual HA than the other grasses (28.5 vs. 23.7 and 20.1 Mg ha−1, for Tifton 85 and Vaquero, respectively), but when harvested every 28 d, Tifton 85 and Jiggs HA were similar (18.5 Mg ha−1). For the 42‐d harvest interval in the cool season, Jiggs had the greatest HA (10.2 Mg ha−1). Less frequent harvests in both seasons resulted in greater HA. Tifton 85 had a greater proportion of leaves than Jiggs and greater in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) than the other grasses in the warm season. Considering these responses, harvest frequency of Jiggs and Tifton 85 should be ∼28 d in the warm season, while that of Vaquero should be ∼42 d. No single harvest management will be appropriate for all Cynodon grasses.