bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tepidamorphus
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Rainey Fred A. , da Costa Milton S.
Published: December 2018

Te.pid.a.mor'phus. L. masc. adj.tepidus, moderately warm, lukewarm, tepid; Gr. masc. adj.amorphos, without form, shapeless; N.L. masc. n.Tepidamorphus, an organism without a distinctive morphology that grows at warm temperatures.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Rhodobiaceae / Tepidamorphus

Irregular rod‐shaped cells, 0.5–2.0 µm in width and 1.0–1.5 µm in length. Motile. Cells with long rod‐shaped structures; multiplies by budding. Endospores are not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Colonies are nonpigmented. Slightly thermophilic. Chemoorganotrophic. Strictly aerobic. Bacteriochlorophyllaandpufgenes are not present. Oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive. Thiosulfate is not oxidized to sulfate. Sugars, organic acids, and amino acids are used as carbon and energy sources. Major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone 10 (U‐10). Major polar lipids are phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PME). Major fatty acids are primarily saturated and monounsaturated straight chained. Isolated from hydrothermal areas.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 67 (HPLC).

Type species:Tepidamorphus gemmatusAlbuquerque, Rainey, Pena, Tiago, Veríssimo, Nobre and da Costa 2010b, 1448VP. (Effective publication: Albuquerque, Rainey, Pena, Tiago, Veríssimo, Nobre and da Costa 2010a, 65).
H
aloprofundus
Authors: Stingl Ulrich
Published: December 2018

Ha.lo.pro.fun'dus. Gr. n.
hals, halos
salt; L. adj.
profundus
deep; N.L. masc. n.
Haloprofundus
salt organism from the deep sea.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Haloferacaceae / Haloprofundus

The genus
Haloprofundus
is classified within the family
Haloferacaceae
, order
Haloferacales
, and in the class
Halobacteria
. Cells are
pleomorphic
, coccus‐shaped (0.6–1.8 µm diameter), or rod‐like irregular polyhedrals (0.5–0.8 × 1.0–3.8 µm), with Gram‐stain‐negative walls.
Motile
. Cells do not grow anaerobically with nitrate, arginine, or DMSO. Hydrogen sulfide is not formed from Na
2
S
2
O
3
. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive.
Major respiratory quinones are menaquinone MK8 and MK8 (VIII‐H2)
.
Mesophilic
with optimal growth occurring at 33–35°C. Optimal growth occurs at near neutral pH (7.0–7.5), but growth occurs at a wide range of pH 5.5–9.5.
Extremely halophilic
with optimal growth occurring at 3.5–4.3 M NaCl. Chemoorganotrophic.
Major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerolphosphate, methyl ester, sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether, mannosyl glucosyl diether
, an unidentified glycolipid, and two unidentified phospholipids. DNA G + C content (mol%): 62.5 (based on genome draft). The genus
Haloprofundus
contains currently only species with a validly published name,
Haloprofundus marisrubri
, which was isolated from the brine–seawater interface of a deep hypersaline basin in the Red Sea.
H
alodesulfurarchaeum
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Messina Enzo , Yakimov Michail M.
Published: December 2018

Ha.lo.de.sul.fur.ar.chae'um. Gr. n.
hals
,
halos
salt of the sea; L. pref.
de
‐, from; L. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; N.L. neut. n.
archaeum
archaeon from Gr. adj.
archaios‐ê‐on
ancient; N.L. neut. n.
Halodesulfurarchaeum
sulfur‐reducing haloarchaeon.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Halobacteriaceae / Halodesulfurarchaeum

The genus
Halodesulfurarchaeum
, classified within the family
Halobacteriaceae
, order
Halobacteriales
, and in the class
Halobacteria
, consists of obligately anaerobic extremely halophilic euryarchaea that grow by oxidation of H
2
or formate with elemental sulfur, DMSO, or thiosulfate (some strains) as the electron acceptor, representing a first example of lithoheterotrophy in the class
Halobacteria
. Strains have been isolated from sediments of various terrestrial hypersaline chloride‐sulfate lakes, marine solar salterns, and deep‐sea hypersaline brines in the Mediterranean. The genus consists of one species
Halodesulfurarchaeum formicicum
, which is the type species of the genus.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 63.6–63.8 mol% (genome).

Type species
:
Halodesulfurarchaeum formicicum.
S
aliphagus
Authors: Liu Bing‐Bing , Salam Nimaichand , Yin Xiao‐Qing , Li Wen‐Jun
Published: December 2018

Sa.li.pha'gus. L. neut. n.
sal
salt; N.L. masc. adj.
phagus
(from Gr. masc. adj.
phagos
), glutton; N.L. masc. n.
Saliphagus
salt (requiring) and glutton.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Natrialbales / Natrialbaceae / Saliphagus

The genus
Saliphagus
is classified within the family
Natrialbaceae
, order
Natrialbales
, and in the class
Halobacteria
. Phylogenetically, strains in this genus share 16S rRNA sequence similarities of less than 95.2% and
rpoB′
gene sequence similarities of less than 87.7% with other members of the family
Natrialbaceae
and form a distinct clade in the maximum‐likelihood phylogenetic tree. Cells are nonmotile cocci that stain Gram‐negative. Strains could grow well over a wide range of physiological conditions: 25–50°C, 5–35% (w/v) NaCl, 0.01–0.1 M Mg
2+
, and pH 6.0–8.5. Cells lyse in distilled water and with NaCl concentration of up to 5% (w/v). They are aerobic, chemoorganotrophic, and can grow in defined media on a range of substrates. Major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, sulfated mannosyl glycosyl diether, and three unidentified glycolipids. Currently, the genus consists of one species:
Saliphagus infecundisoli
(the type species of the genus). Hitherto, all
Saliphagus
strains were isolated from saline soils.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 64–65 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Saliphagus infecundisoli
Yin, Liu, Chu, Salam, Li, Yang, Zhang, Xiao and Li 2017, 4159
VP
.
F
lexilinea
Authors: Tourlousse Dieter M. , Sekiguchi Yuji
Published: December 2018

Fle.xi.li'ne.a. L. masc. n.
flexus
bending; L. fem. n.
linea
a line; N.L. fem. n.
Flexilinea
a flexible line‐shaped organism.

Chloroflexi / Anaerolineae / Anaerolineales / Anaerolineaceae / Flexilinea

Gram‐negative, nonmotile, and nonsporulating. Forms multicellular filaments. Strictly anaerobic. Fermentative growth on a range of carbohydrates, including starch. External electron acceptors not utilized, but coculture with hydrogen‐scavenging methanogens enhances growth. Contains a single species with validly published name, the type species
Flexilinea flocculi
. Isolated from methanogenic sludge in a mesophilic reactor treating high‐strength organic wastewater. The genome sequence of the type strain of
F. flocculi
is 3.5 Mb in length, has a G + C content of 41.3%, and contains 2,793 protein‐encoding and 56 RNA genes. Phylogenetically belongs to the class
Anaerolineae
within the bacterial phylum
Chloroflexi
. Shares less than 90% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with previously characterized
Anaerolineae
species. Known habitat is mesophilic anaerobic sludge.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 41.3 (genome sequence), 42.1 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Flexilinea flocculi
Sun, Toyonaga, Ohashi, Matsuura, Tourlousse, Meng, Tamaki, Hanada, Cruz, Yamaguchi and Sekiguchi 2016, 993
VP
.
T
hermomarinilinea
Authors: Nunoura Takuro
Published: December 2018

Ther.mo.ma.ri.ni.li'ne.a. Gr. fem. n.
therme
heat; L. adj.
marinus
of the sea; L. fem. n.
linea
line; N.L. fem. n.
Thermomarinilinea
thermophilic marine line.

Chloroflexi / Anaerolineae / Anaerolineales / Anaerolineaceae / Thermomarinilinea

Multicellular filamentous cells are Gram‐negative and nonmotile. Spores are not observed. Grow under obligately anaerobic conditions with fermentation. No growth occurs in the presence of oxygen. Thermophilic and neutrophilic. NaCl is required for growth. SSU rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis indicates that the genus belongs to the class
Anaerolineae
in the phylum
Chloroflexi
. Isolated from shallow sea hydrothermal environment.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 59.9 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Thermomarinilinea lacunifontana
corrig. Nunoura, Hirai, Miyazaki, Kazama, Makita, Hirayama, Furushima, Yamamoto, Imachi and Takai 2013b, 3132
VP
; (effective publication: Nunoura, Hirai, Miyazaki, Kazama, Makita, Hirayama, Furushima, Yamamoto, Imachi and Takai 2013a, 234).
N
itrolancea
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Lücker Sebastian , Daims Holger
Published: December 2018

L. n.
nitrum
, native soda, natron, nitrate; L. fem. n.
lancea
. a lance; N.L. fem. n.
Nitrolancea
, a nitrate (‐forming) lance‐shaped bacterium.

Chloroflexi / Thermomicrobia / Sphaerobacterales / Sphaerobacteraceae / Nitrolancea

The genus
Nitrolancea
, classified within the family
Sphaerobacteriaceae
, order
Sphaerobacteriales
, class
Thermomicrobia
, phylum
Chloroflexi
, consists of aerobic bacteria that grow chemolithoautotrophically by oxidation of nitrite to nitrate and can also oxidize formate to CO
2
as an additional energy source. The electron acceptor is O
2
.
Nitrolancea
represents the first example of nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the phylum
Chloroflexi
. The only known species of the genus is the type species,
Nitrolancea hollandica
. The only strain (
N. hollandica
Lb
T
) has been isolated from a lab‐scale nitrifying bioreactor with a high loading rate of ammonium bicarbonate.

DNA G
+
C content (mol
%
)
: 62.6 (genome).

Type species
:
Nitrolancea hollandica
Sorokin, Vejmelkova, Lücker, Streshinskaya, Rijpstra, Sinninghe‐Damsté, Kleerbezem, van Loosdrecht, Muyzer and Daims 2014, 1864
VP
.
M
arinithermus
Authors: Nakagawa Satoshi , Sako Yoshihiko
Published: December 2018

Ma.ri.ni.ther'mus. L. adj.
marinus
of the sea; Gr. adj.
thermos
hot; N.L. masc. n.
Marinithermus
an organism living in marine hot places.

Deinococcus‐Thermus / Deinococci / Thermales / Thermaceae / Marinithermus

Gram‐negative staining, strictly aerobic, long rods. Cells occur in pairs or filaments. Nonmotile. Strictly heterotrophic. Capable of growth on complex organic substrates such as yeast extract, tryptone, and Casamino acids. Thermophilic and neutrophilic. The major fatty acids are iso‐C
15:0
, iso‐C
17:0
, and C
16:0
. The major quinone is menaquinone‐8. A member of the order
Thermales
and the family
Thermaceae
. Known habitat is deep‐sea hydrothermal fields.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 68.1 (from genome sequence).

Type species
:
Marinithermus hydrothermalis
Sako, Nakagawa, Takai and Horikoshi 2003, 63
VP
.
H
aloplasmatales
Authors: Antunes André
Published: December 2018

Ha.lo.plas.ma.ta'les. N.L. neut. n.
Haloplasma
, type genus of the family; suff. ‐
ales
, ending denoting an order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Haloplasmatales
, the
Haloplasma
order.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Haloplasmatales

The order
Haloplasmatales
was circumscribed on the basis of phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The order currently includes only the family
Haloplasmataceae
and its single genus
Haloplasma
. It is composed of Gram‐negative staining, wall‐less, non‐spore‐forming, pleomorphic cells. Strictly anaerobic. Strictly organotrophic. Denitrifying and fermentative. MK‐4 is the major respiratory quinone.

Otherwise, the description of the order is the same as for the family
Haloplasmataceae
.

Type genus
:
Haloplasma
Antunes, Rainey, da Costa and Huber 2008, 2471
VP
(Effective publication: Antunes, Rainey, Wanner, Taborda, Pätzold, Nobre, da Costa and Huber 2008, 3586).
Epoxyqueuosine Reductase
Authors: Halliwell Tom , Leys David
Published: December 2018

The modified nucleotide queuosine (Q) can be found within the wobble position of tRNA molecules containing the 5′‐G34U35N36‐3′ anticodon sequence. The initial precursor for Q biosynthesis is guanosine‐5′‐triphosphate (GTP) and eight enzyme‐mediated reactions are required for total synthesis of Q from GTP. Epoxyqueuosine reductase (QueG) is responsible for catalyzing the final step in the Q biosynthesis pathway. This reaction leads to the reduction of the epoxide moiety of the tRNA‐bound precursor epoxyqueuosine, resulting in the formation of the Q cyclopentene group. The reduction is catalysed via the QueG cobalamin and two [4Fe‐4S] iron sulphur clusters. To date, the exact role for Q modification/incorporation in tRNA is unclear, but has been implicated in a number of processes including cancer pathology, ageing and neurological disorders.
Effect of Erbium on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Semi‐Solid Al–7Si–0.4Mg Alloy
Authors: Qi Peng , Li Bolong , Wang Tongbo , Zhou Lian , Nie Zuoren
Published: December 2018

In this paper, semi‐solid Al–7Si–0.4Mg–x erbium(Er) (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8 wt%) alloys are fabricated via electromagnetic stirring method. The effects of Er on the microstructures and mechanical properties of semi‐solid Al–7Si–0.4Mg alloys are investigated. Results show that the eutectic π‐phase is modified to fine sized Er‐poor π‐phase and primary α‐Al is refined in semi‐solid Al–7Si–0.4Mg alloys with the addition of Er. Meanwhile, the plate‐like shape eutectic Si is transformed into fibrous eutectic Si with addition of Er, which has an excellent modification effect on the eutectic Si. Nucleation rate of the Er‐poor π‐phase is increased with a higher super cooling rate, which causes the refinement of primary α‐Al and the modification of eutectic Si phase. With the addition of 0.3 wt% Er, semi‐solid Al–7Si–0.4Mg alloys obtain the best tensile properties. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation values are 228 MPa and 10.4%, which is increased by 7% and 50% than Er‐free alloy, respectively.
Continuous Assembly of Cellulose Nanofibrils and Nanocrystals into Strong Macrofibers through Microfluidic Spinning
Authors: Nechyporchuk Oleksandr , Håkansson Karl M. O. , Gowda.V Krishne , Lundell Fredrik , Hagström Bengt , Köhnke Tobias
Published: December 2018

Microfluidic fiber spinning is a promising technique for assembling cellulose nanomaterials into macroscopic fibers. However, its implementation requires upscalabe fabrication processes while maintaining high strength of the fibers, which could not be previously achieved. Herein, a continuous wet spinning process based on microfluidic flow focusing is developed to produce strong fibers from cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and nanocrystals (CNCs). Fibers with an average breaking tenacity as high as 29.5 cN tex−1 and Young's modulus of 1146 cN tex−1 are reported for the first time, produced from nonhighly purified CNF grades. Using the same developed method, wet spinning of fibers from CNCs is achieved for the first time, reaching an average Young's modulus of 1263 cN tex−1 and a breaking tenacity of 10.6 cN tex−1, thus exhibiting strength twice as high as that of common CNC films. A rather similar stiffness of CNC and CNF spun fibers may originate from similar degrees of alignment, as confirmed by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) and birefringence measurements, whereas lower strength may primarily arise from the shorter length of CNCs compared to that of CNFs. The benefit of CNCs is their higher solids content in the dopes. By combining both CNCs and CNFs, the fiber properties can be tuned.
Phase and Defect Engineering of MoS2 Stabilized in Periodic TiO2 Nanoporous Film for Enhanced Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Guo Limin , Zhong Caifu , Shi Li , Ju Licheng , Wang Xiaohui , Yang Daquan , Bi Ke , Hao Yanan , Yang Yang
Published: December 2018

Phase and defect engineering of the heterostructured MoS2@TiO2 nanoporous film is investigated to achieve a broad solar spectrum light absorption and high solar water splitting efficiency. The phase transition from the semiconducting 2H‐MoS2 to the metallic 1T‐MoS2 is achieved by a hydrothermal exfoliation treatment. Experimental studies elucidate that the solar water splitting activity is greatly improved by forming 1T‐MoS2 along with increasing S‐vacancies because of the significantly enhanced surface plasmon resonance. The mixed‐phase MoS2@TiO2 film shows a high H2 yield rate of 308 µmol h−1 cm−2 and long‐term durability for 30 h, which is superior to the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts for solar water splitting. This study offers a universal and efficient avenue to rationalize the plasmonic catalysts for solar water splitting and other energy and environmental applications.
A Convenient Synthesis of Sulfones via Light Promoted Coupling of Sodium Sulfinates and Aryl Halides
Authors: Chen Lei , Liang Jie , Chen Zhen‐yu , Chen Jie , Yan Ming , Zhang Xue‐jing
Published: December 2018

A convenient and eﬃcient synthesis of sulfones from sulfinates and aryl halides was developed. The reaction occurred under UV irradiation without transition metal catalyst or photocatalyst. A radical pathway via single‐electron transfer (SET) of electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex was proposed based on UV‐vis spectroscopy, radical inhibiting and trapping experiments.

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A Biocatalytic Synthesis of HeteroaromaticN‐Oxides by Whole Cells ofEscherichia coliExpressing the Multicomponent, Soluble Di‐Iron Monooxygenase (SDIMO) PmlABCDEF
Authors: Petkevičius Vytautas , Vaitekūnas Justas , Tauraitė Daiva , Stankevičiūtė Jonita , Šarlauskas Jonas , Čėnas Narimantas , Meškys Rolandas
Published: December 2018

AromaticN‐oxides (ArN−OX) are desirable biologically active compounds with a potential for application in pharmacy and agriculture industries. As biocatalysis is making a great impact in organic synthesis, there is still a lack of efficient and convenient enzyme‐based techniques for the production of aromaticN‐oxides. In this study, a recombinant soluble di‐iron monooxygenase (SDIMO) PmlABCDEF overexpressed inEscherichia coliwas showed to produce various aromaticN‐oxides. Out of 98 testedN‐heterocycles, seventy were converted to the correspondingN‐oxides without any side oxidation products. This whole‐cell biocatalyst showed a high activity towards pyridines, pyrazines, and pyrimidines. It was also capable of oxidizing bulkyN‐heterocycles with two or even three aromatic rings. Being entirely biocatalytic, our approach provides an environmentally friendly and mild method for the production of aromaticN‐oxides avoiding the use of strong oxidants, organometallic catalysts, undesirable solvents, or other environment unfriendly reagents.

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Microenvironment Remodeling Micelles for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy by Early Modulation of Activated Microglia
Authors: Lu Yifei , Guo Zhongyuan , Zhang Yujie , Li Chao , Zhang Yu , Guo Qin , Chen Qinjun , Chen Xinli , He Xi , Liu Lisha , Ruan Chunhui , Sun Tao , Ji Bin , Lu Weigen , Jiang Chen
Published: December 2018

Current strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments focus on pathologies in the late stage of the disease progression. Poor clinical outcomes are displayed due to the irreversible damages caused by early microglia abnormality which triggers disease development before identical symptoms emerge. Based on the crosstalk between microglia and brain microenvironment, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive polymeric micelle system (Ab‐PEG‐LysB/curcumin (APLB/CUR)) is reported to normalize the oxidative and inflammatory microenvironment and reeducate microglia from an early phase of AD. Through an β‐amyloid (Aβ) transportation‐mimicked pathway, the micelles can accumulate into the diseased regions and exert synergistic effects of polymer‐based ROS scavenging and cargo‐based Aβ inhibition upon microenvironment stimuli. This multitarget strategy exhibits gradual correction of the brain microenvironment, efficient neuroprotection, and microglia modulation, leading to decreased Aβ plaque burdens and consequently enhanced cognitive functions in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 model mice. The results indicate that microglia can be exploited as an early target for AD treatment and their states can be controlled via microenvironment modulation.
161Dy Time‐Domain Synchrotron Mössbauer Spectroscopy for Investigating Single‐Molecule Magnets Incorporating Dy Ions
Authors: Scherthan Lena , Schmidt Sebastian F. M. , Auerbach Hendrik , Hochdörffer Tim , Wolny Juliusz A. , Bi Wenli , Zhao Jiyong , Hu Michael Y. , Toellner Tom , Alp E. Ercan , Brown Dennis E. , Anson Christopher E. , Powell Annie K. , Schünemann Volker
Published: December 2018

Time‐domain synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy (SMS) based on the Mössbauer effect of 161Dy has been used to investigate the magnetic properties of a DyIII‐based single‐molecule magnet (SMM). The magnetic hyperfine field of [Dy(Cy3PO)2(H2O)5]Br3⋅2 (Cy3PO)⋅2 H2O⋅2 EtOH is with B0=582.3(5) T significantly larger than that of the free‐ion DyIII with a 6H15/2 ground state. This difference is attributed to the influence of the coordinating ligands on the Fermi contact interaction between the s and 4f electrons of the DyIII ion. This study demonstrates that 161Dy SMS is an effective local probe of the influence of the coordinating ligands on the magnetic structure of Dy‐containing compounds.
Activating Inert Metallic Compounds for High‐Rate Lithium–Sulfur Batteries Through In Situ Etching of Extrinsic Metal
Authors: Zhao Meng , Peng Hong‐Jie , Zhang Ze‐Wen , Li Bo‐Quan , Chen Xiao , Xie Jin , Chen Xiang , Wei Jun‐Yu , Zhang Qiang , Huang Jia‐Qi
Published: December 2018

Surface reactions constitute the foundation of various energy conversion/storage technologies, such as the lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. To expedite surface reactions for high‐rate battery applications demands in‐depth understanding of reaction kinetics and rational catalyst design. Now an in situ extrinsic‐metal etching strategy is used to activate an inert monometal nitride of hexagonal Ni3N through iron‐incorporated cubic Ni3FeN. In situ etched Ni3FeN regulates polysulfide‐involving surface reactions at high rates. Electron microscopy was used to unveil the mechanism of in situ catalyst transformation. The Li‐S batteries modified with Ni3FeN exhibited superb rate capability, remarkable cycling stability at a high sulfur loading of 4.8 mg cm−2, and lean‐electrolyte operability. This work opens up the exploration of multimetallic alloys and compounds as kinetic regulators for high‐rate Li‐S batteries and also elucidates catalytic surface reactions and the role of defect chemistry.
Microcrystal Electron Diffraction (MicroED) for Small‐Molecule Structure Determination
Authors: Kunde Tom , Schmidt Bernd M.
Published: December 2018

The development of new methods to analyze and determine molecular structures parallels the ability to accelerate synthetic research. For many decades, single‐crystal analysis by X‐ray diffraction (SXRD) has been the definitive tool for structural analysis at the atomic level; the drawback, however, is that a suitable single crystal of the analyte needs to be grown. The recent innovation of the crystalline sponge (CS) method allows the microanalysis of compounds simply soaked in a readily prepared CS crystal, thus circumventing the need to screen crystallization conditions while also using only a trace amount of the sample. In this context, electron diffraction for the structure determination of small molecules is discussed as potentially the next big development in this field.
Vapor liquid equilibrium prediction of methanol–ionic liquid systems using UNIFAC model to select alternative working fluids of absorption cycle
Authors: Li Jing , Wang Keliang , Lian Minglei , Li Zhi
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this paper is to study the working fluids in absorption cycle containing methanol (CH3OH) as the refrigerant and the imidazolium ionic liquid (IL) as the absorbent. The UNIFAC model was implemented to correlate the published experimental vapor liquid equilibrium data of CH3OH–IL working fluids and 14 new group interaction parameters between CH3OH and ILs were obtained. Method reliability and applicability were evaluated by calculating the vapor pressures of five CH3OH–IL working fluids. The ILs contained 1‐methyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([Dmim][DMP]), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ([Emim][ES]), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([Emim][DEP]), 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate ([Bmim][DBP]), and 1‐ethyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium diethylphosphate ([Eeim][DEP]). The average absolute relative deviations for the vapor pressures between the calculated results and the experimental data were 0.91%, 1.67%, 0.66%, 0.75%, and 2.1%, respectively. Then, the CH3OH–IL systems without experimental data were predicted. Comparisons of the vapor pressure and excess Gibbs function of the studied CH3OH–IL systems, CH3OH‐[Hmim][DEP] (1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium diethylphosphate) system, as an alternative working fluid, was found to have potential to improve the absorption cycle performance upon more research work.
Polymer matrix composites as broadband radar absorbing structures for stealth aircrafts
Authors: Jayalakshmi C. G. , Inamdar A. , Anand A. , Kandasubramanian B.
Published: December 2018

Stealth or low observable technology has been one of the most critical requirements for military aviation sector to counter the ever‐advancing target detection technologies worldwide. Among many, Radar, which operates in the broadband spectrum, is one of the principal threats, which measures the radar cross section (RCS) of the aircraft. Hence, researchers are putting immense efforts to develop low RCS materials based on polymer matrix composites (PMCs) called as radar absorbing structures (RAS), to replace highly reflective conventional metallic aircraft structures. Though many researchers have been successful in RAS realization using radar absorbing materials (RAMs) as fillers, this review article reckons the state‐of‐the‐art advanced research on the realization of RAS using a combination of RAMs and multilayered grid devices such as, frequency selective surfaces, circuit analog absorbers, metamaterials, and so on, and their effect on mechanical properties to deliver superior performance RAS for stealth aircrafts. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47241.
Effects of carbon fiber modification with multiwall CNT on the electrical conductivity and EMI shielding effectiveness of polycarbonate/carbon fiber/CNT composites
Authors: Jang Myung Geun , Ryu Seung Chan , Juhn Kyu Jin , Kim Sung Kyu , Kim Woo Nyon
Published: December 2018

The effect of carbon fiber (CF) modification with multiwall carbon nanotube (CNT) on the electrical, mechanical, and rheological properties of the polycarbonate (PC)/CF/CNT composite was investigated. The CF and multiwall CNT (MWCNT) were treated with sulfuric acid and nitric acid (3:1 wt %) mixture, to modify the CF with the CNT. For the PC with acid‐treated CNT (a‐CNT) modified acid‐treated CF (a‐CF) (PC/a‐CF/a‐CNT) composite, the electrical conductivity, and the electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) showed the highest values, compared with those of the PC/a‐CF and PC/a‐CF/CNT composites. The EMI SE of the PC/a‐CF (10 wt %)/a‐CNT (0.5 wt %) composite was found to be 26 (dB at the frequency of 10.0 GHz, and the EMI SE was increased by 91.2%, compared to that of the PC/a‐CF composite at the same amount of total filler content. Among the composites studied in this work, the PC/a‐CF/a‐CNT composite also showed the highest values of relative permittivity (εr) and dielectric loss factor. The above results suggest that the CF modification with the a‐CNT significantly affected the electrical conductivity and EMI SE of the composite, and the hybrid fillers of the a‐CNT and a‐CF resulted in good electrical pathways in the PC/a‐CF/a‐CNT composite. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47302.
Polydopamine‐coated poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes with high ultraviolet resistance and antifouling properties for a photocatalytic membrane reactor
Authors: Muchtar Syawaliah , Wahab Mukramah Yusuf , Fang Li‐Feng , Jeon Sungil , Rajabzadeh Saeid , Takagi Ryosuke , Mulyati Sri , Arahman Nasrul , Riza Medyan , Matsuyama Hideto
Published: December 2018

We modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes with a polydopamine (PDA) coating for photocatalytic membrane reactor application with appropriate UV resistance and studied the effects of the PDA coating conditions (i.e., coating time and dopamine concentration) and UV irradiation time on the modified PVDF membrane properties. The PVDF membrane that was surface‐coated with the appropriate dopamine solution concentration and coating time played a key role in controlling the membrane properties and in protecting the modified membrane against UV radiation. The optimization of the coating condition not only completely protected the modified membrane from free‐radical attack initiated through UV irradiation but also improved the membrane hydrophilicity, antifouling properties, filtration performance, and mechanical strength of the membrane. UV irradiation of the membrane that was surface‐coated with a high‐concentration dopamine solution for a long coating time resulted in a higher mechanical strength than that of the membrane without the application of UV irradiation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47312.
Synthesis and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of thermoplastic polyamide‐6 elastomers
Authors: Huang Juncheng , Lan Jianwu , Lin Shaojian , Li Guo , Gu Long
Published: December 2018

Three kinds of thermoplastic polyamide‐6 elastomers (TPAEs) with varying polytetramethyleneglycol (PTMG) contents of 10, 20, and 30 wt % were prepared via a one‐pot polymerization synthetic route and named as TPAE1, TPAE2, and TPAE3, respectively. First, their structures were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and X‐ray diffraction. The obtained results confirmed that targeted TPAEs were successfully synthesized and the unit cell of crystallization in TPAEs with α form was confirmed. Subsequently, the thermal properties of prepared TPAEs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements, respectively. DSC curves showed that melting points of synthesized TPAEs were in the range of 209.2–215.9 °C. Moreover, TGA results showed TPAEs possess good thermal stability and cannot be decomposed under 300 °C. Additionally, the modified Avrami's equation, Ozawa's theory, and Mo's method were employed to investigate the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of prepared TPAEs. It is found that the Mo's method exhibited great advantages in treating the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of prepared TPAEs. Meanwhile, the crystallization kinetics and halftime are influenced by the contents of PTMG and follows a nonlinear fashion in agreement with the trend inactivation energies calculated by the Kissinger method. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47388.
Side chain dynamics in semiconducting polymer MEH‐PPV
Authors: Osti Naresh C. , Mamontov Eugene , Daemen Luke , Browning James F. , Keum Jong , Ho Hoi Chun , Chen Jihua , Hong Kunlun , Diallo Souleymane O.
Published: December 2018

The characteristic nanoscale dynamics of the alkyl side groups in the light‐emitting polymer poly[2‐methoxy‐5‐(2′‐ethyl‐hexyloxy)‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene] have been investigated using quasi‐elastic neutron scattering (QENS). The measurements were taken below the polymer's glass transition (T ≤ Tg ≃ 353 K), where the main backbone is in a rigid state and does not contribute to the broadening of the QENS signal. An analytical diffusion model consisting of a static term and two dynamical components, characterizing the flexible side groups, provide an excellent fit to the experimental data. The two observed dynamical processes are all localized in character, with no meaningful dependence on temperature. The faster process, with characteristic timescale of ∼18 ps at room temperature (RT), can be linked to the average mobility of the terminal protons of the alkyl chain, while the slower process, with characteristic timescale of ∼170 ps at RT, to those protons at the other end of the alkyl chain, closest to the backbone. While the fraction of mobile protons contributing to the QENS signal increases with increasing temperature, the characteristic timescale and confining volume within which the protons are able to move locally depend chiefly on the polymer conformational state. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47394.
State and Unknown Input H∞ Observers for Discrete‐Time LPV Systems
Authors: Meyer Luc , Ichalal Dalil , Vigneron Vincent
Published: December 2018

This paper proposes state and unknown input (UI) observers for linear parameter varying (LPV) systems affected by UI and perturbations in both state and measurement equations. The estimation is done by minimizing the L2 transfer between the perturbations and the state estimation error (H∞‐observation). The originality of the paper is to provide a generalization of existing works, specially by relaxing an assumption on systems matrices, widely used for UI decoupling. After giving the main results, some examples illustrate the theoretical contributions and give comparisons to former publications.
Numerical solution of optimal control problems governed by integro‐differential equations
Authors: Marzban Hamid Reza
Published: December 2018

In this paper, an efficient hybrid approximation scheme for solving optimal control problems governed by integro‐differential equations is proposed. The current approach is based on a generalization of the hybrid of block‐pulse functions and Legendre's polynomials. An upper bound for the generalized hybrid functions with respect to the maximum norm is acquired and its convergence is demonstrated. The optimal control problem under study is transcribed to a mathematical programming one. Two illustrative examples are considered to verify the capability and reliability of the proposed procedure.
Impacts of characteristics of grass silage and cattle slurry feedstocks on the cost of methane production
Authors: Himanshu Himanshu , Murphy Jerry D. , Lenehan James J. , O'Kiely Padraig
Published: December 2018

Feedstocks characteristics and their provision cost can have a significant impact on the cost of methane production in an anaerobic digestion (AD) facility. This study investigated the impacts of changing grass silage characteristics, grass silage and cattle slurry provision costs and their binary mixing ratios on the cost of methane production from an on‐farm AD facility. The feedstock provision cost contributed about half of the total cost of methane production when the AD facility solely operated on grass silage. The total cost of methane production from mono‐digestion of cattle slurry, compared to grass silage, was 87% higher when it was supplied free of cost and was 42% higher when a gate fee of €70 t−1 total solids was charged. For co‐digestion of grass silage and cattle slurry, the total cost of methane production progressively increased as the proportion of slurry in the co‐digested feedstocks mixture increased. Antagonistic and synergistic methanogenesis resulted in a corresponding 6% higher and 5% lower total cost of methane production during co‐digestion, at silage:slurry volatile solids ratio of 0.8:0.2, compared to the binary mixture without these effects. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Young people and alternative provision: Perspectives from participatory–collaborative evaluations in three UK local authorities
Authors: Trotman Dave , Enow Linda , Tucker Stan
Published: December 2018

This article reports the findings of four separately commissioned evaluations of alternative provision (AP) undertaken in three local authorities in the UK. The evaluations were specifically predicated on the principles of children's rights and used a combination of qualitative research methods and documentary analysis to elicit the experiences of young people in conjunction with the viewpoints of key stakeholders. Data from each evaluation was gathered over a total period of 6 years. The sites and time scales for each evaluation varied from 6‐month authority‐wide strategic reviews to a 3‐year evaluation of an AP free school and an evaluation of pupil referrals in a large school partnership. The evaluations involved 200 participant children and young people, 30 managers and stakeholders, 8 parents of non‐attending pupils and local authority officers and school governors. The evaluations report the complexity of needs amongst children and young people; the continuing problem of unsuccessful transitions between key phases/stages of education and the profound consequences of this for young people; assumptions around mainstream reintegration and managed moves; and the curriculum challenges of vocationalism and academic emphasis. While the research data confirms the positive value of multi‐agency approaches in AP, it also shows a more recent troubling increase in the number of young people now being referred to AP as a consequence of their exposure to performative school cultures.
Discursive construction of Pakistan's national identity through curriculum textbook discourses in a Pakistani school in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Qazi M. Habib , Shah Saeeda
Published: December 2018

This study investigates Pakistan's secondary school children's constructions of their national identity in a Pakistani school in Dubai by drawing on data collected from students and teachers from the case school and analysing national curriculum textbooks used in the school. Informed by Foucault's concepts, the article problematises how the curriculum textbooks are employed as a technology of power for inculcating national consciousness in the students. The findings suggest that Pakistan's national curriculum textbooks deploy a specific version of Islam as a major technology, which then influences other national identity signifiers in the textbooks for shaping students' national identity. The school affords a crucial space for the complex interplay of these technologies, which construct students' ethnocentric national identities, encouraging social polarisation. This has implications for Pakistan's national social cohesion as well as the potential for subverting international peaceful coexistence and working relationships, particularly in the selected overseas study context.
‘I'm ready for a new chapter’: The voices of young people with autism spectrum disorder in transition to post‐16 education and employment
Authors: Gaona Carolina , Palikara Olympia , Castro Susana
Published: December 2018

This study explores the views and experiences of 12 young people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in transition to post‐16 education and employment, in light of the changes introduced by the new special educational needs and disability (SEND) legislation in England. The extension of provision until the age of 25, and the introduction of person‐centred education, health and care (EHC) plans, have given a significant place to the views of young people with SEND and their families. The views, wishes and aspirations of young people must be captured in the newly developed plans, reflecting the statutory requirement for local authorities to systematically record these in a biopsychosocial way, focusing on participation and well‐being. Twelve semi‐structured interviews were conducted with young people with ASD attending specialist settings or receiving specialist support under the new EHC plans. These were analysed inductively, through thematic analysis. The findings suggest that at the time of transition, young people with ASD want to become increasingly more independent, present ambivalent feelings about their future and acknowledge the relevance of support systems in their lives. Implications for practice and future research are discussed, in light of the new English policy context.
Analysis of carbenoxolone by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in mouse brain and blood after systemic administration
Authors: Poklis Justin L. , Gonek Maciej M. , Wolf Carl E. , Akbarali Hamid I. , Dewey William L.
Published: December 2018

Carbenoxolone is a derivative of glycyrrhetinic acid found in the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, colloquially known as licorice. It has been used as a treatment for peptic and oral ulcers. In recent years, carbenoxolone has been utilized in basic research for its ability to block gap junctional communication. Better understanding the distribution of carbenoxolone after systemic administration can lead to a better understanding of its potential sites of action. Presented is an ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometer (UHPLC–MS/MS) method for the identification and quantification of carbenoxolone in mouse blood and brain tissue. Twenty mice were injected intraperitoneally with 25 mg/kg carbenoxolone and brain tissue and blood were collected for analysis. Blood concentrations (mean ± SD) at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min were determined to be (n = 5) 5394 ± 778, 2636 ± 836, 1564 ± 541 and 846 ± 252 ng/mL, respectively. Brain concentrations (mean ± SD) at 15, 30, 60 and 120 mins were determined to be (n = 5) 171 ± 62, 102 ± 35, 55 ± 10 and 27 ± 9 ng/g, respectively. The analysis of these specimens at the four different time points resulted in blood and brain half‐lives in mice of ~43 and 41 min, respectively. The UHPLC–MS/MS method was determined to be sensitive and robust for quantification of carbenoxolone.
Brain iron deposition in primary insomnia—An in vivo susceptibility‐weighted imaging study
Authors: Chen Lin , Wei Xin , Liu Chen , Li Chuanming , Zhou Zhenhua
Published: December 2018

Background

To study the brain iron deposition and its relationships with cognitive impairment and sleep quality in primary insomnia (PI).

Methods

Thirty‐five patients with PI and 35 volunteers underwent MRI scanning using high‐resolution susceptibility‐weighted imaging sequence. Bilateral anterior cingulate cortices, posterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, red nucleus, substantia nigra, parietal cortex, and frontal white matter were selected as regions of interest. The phase shift values of the above areas were compared between the two groups. Partial correlations between phase shifts values and neuropsychological scale scores including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Activities of Daily Living Scale, and Clinical Dementia Rating of the PI patients were analyzed.

Results

Compared with the normal controls, the PI patients showed significant lower MMSE and MoCA scores and increased phase shift values in the left caudate nucleus, left putamen, left hippocampus, and bilateral thalamus (p < 0.05). Close correlation was found between the phase shift value of the left hippocampus and the MMSE scores of the PI patients (R = −0.447, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

The PI patients exhibited significant cognitive impairment and increased iron deposition in several brain regions. The iron concentration of the left hippocampus is a biomarker of cognitive impairment and may play an important role in the pathophysiological mechanism.
Development of application‐oriented competency frameworks: Empirical findings from the validation of such a framework by means of an employer survey
Authors: Baumgartner Alexander , Müller Claude , Fengler Reinhild , Javet Fabienne
Published: December 2018

This paper describes the development of application‐oriented competency frameworks using the example of a project to develop such a framework for existing study programs in the domain of business and law at a Swiss university of applied sciences. Competency frameworks define study program goals on different achievement levels. Using analysis of typical work scenarios for graduates and employer expectations as a starting point, competencies were formulated that represent what students should be able to demonstrate by the end of their studies. A series of structured interviews were conducted with employers to validate the competency frameworks. The findings show that both professional and generic competencies are central to the employability of graduates. While professional competency is regarded as a basic requirement, generic competency allows graduates to distinguish themselves from other candidates both when starting their work life and later when pursuing and advancing their career. The development of competency frameworks forms the basis for the assessment of four dimensions: professional, methodological, social, and self‐competencies; an additional aim is the further development of teaching and learning activities.
Long‐term quality of life in octogenarians and nonagenarians with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation following WATCHMAN™ device implantation
Authors: Ramos Tuarez Fergie J. , Pino Jesus E. , Alrifai Abdulah , Kabach Mohamad , Donath Elie , Saona Jorge , Chavez Julio Grajeda , Diaz Ximena Torres , Jimenez Marcelo , Chait Robert
Published: December 2018

Objectives

To assess the impact of WATCHMAN™ on quality of life (QoL) in octogenarians and nonagenarians.

Background

QoL after WATCHMAN™ device in the elderly remains unknown.

Methods

This is a prospective and retrospective cohort study of patients that underwent WATCHMAN™ implantation in a tertiary cardiovascular center from April 1, 2015 to September 27, 2017. The primary outcome was a prospective assessment of QoL via the SF‐12v2 Health Survey (SF‐12v2) in those aged ≥80 and ≥90 years. Secondary outcomes include major bleeding, stroke, vascular complications, pericardial effusion, device related thrombus (DRT), prolonged length of stay (LOS), acute kidney injury (AKI), and recurrent hospitalizations.

Results

This cohort of 151 patients included 48/151 (32%) females with a mean age of 80 ± 7.7 years. Mean CHA2DS2‐VASc was 4.38 ± 1.36 and mean HAS‐BLED was 3.27 ± 1.17. Octogenarians 65/81(80%) and nonagenarians 16/81(20%) comprised 81/151(54%) of patients (mean age 86 ± 4.3 years) from which 36/65 (55%) octogenarians and 10/16 (63%) nonagenarians completed SF‐12v2 evaluation at 22 ± 10 and 30 ± 10‐months. Octogenarians demonstrated enhanced physical component scores (PCS), and nonagenarians equal PCS versus the age‐adjusted norm (45.43 ± 9.84 versus 38.68 ± 11.04, P = 0.0003, and 41.26 ± 12.36 versus 38.68 ± 11.04, P = 0.6463, respectively). The mental component scores (MCS) of octogenarians and nonagenarians remained comparable (51.80 ± 9.56 and 48.97 ± 9.92 versus 50.06 ± 10.94, respectively, P = 0.4659). No stroke, vascular complications, pericardial effusions, or readmissions related to WATCHMAN™ occurred. No difference among patients <80, ≥80, and ≥90 years was found in major bleeding events, DRT, prolonged LOS, or AKI (P = 0.0569, 0.116, 0.498, and 0.795, respectively).

Conclusions

Octogenarians and nonagenarians experience favorable long‐term QoL after WATCHMAN™, with acceptable bleeding risk and low incidence of procedure‐related complications.
Metal‐Ion Tuning in Triple‐Stranded Helicate‐Based Metallosupramolecules
Authors: Thi Le Van Cam , Mai Hien Duy , Kang Philjae , Yoo Hyojong
Published: December 2018

Effective incorporation of multiple types of ligands in a given coordination structure provides structural complexity and functional diversity to the resultant coordination‐driven assembly. One of the most widely used synthetic approaches is the utilization of the molecular symmetry principle to combine multiple ligands and specific metallic centers in a preferred manner. The variation of metal ions can be helpful to understand the importance of symmetry for the generation of structurally hierarchical supramolecular platforms. We describe the synthesis and characterization of isostructural supramolecular helicates, [M8(PDA)6(AIP)3(DMF)6−x(H2O)x] (M=Ni (1), Co (2), and Mn (3); PDA=2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylate; AIP=5‐aminoisophthalate; x=0 for 1, and x=4 for 2 and 3). The effect of metal variation on the formation of supramolecular helicates and their solid‐state crystal packing are discussed. Despite the disparity in the ionic radii and distinct coordination‐geometry preferences of Co2+, Ni2+, and Mn2+, all metal centers engaged in the assembly with the heteroleptic ligands in the same manner to form isostructural supramolecular helicates.