bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Penjadwalan Irigasi pada Budidaya Tanaman Talas Pratama (Colocasia esculenta (L). Schott var. Pratama) Menggunakan CROPWAT 8.0
Authors: Nurliani Leni , Dwiratna Sophia , Prawiranegara Boy Macklin Pareira
Published: July 2020

Tanaman Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L). Schott ) merupakan salah satu bahan pangan lokal yang dapat digunakan sebagai penunjang swasembada pangan nasional. Salah satu cara untuk menunjang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang baik dilakukan kajian analisis penjadwalan irigasi yang tepat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji penjadwalan irigasi pada budidaya Talas Pratama (Colocasia esculenta (L). Schott var. Pratama) di lahan penelitian menggunakan aplikasi Cropwat 8.0 untuk mengoptimalkan ketersediaan air. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis yaitu dengan mengumpulkan data-data yang dibutuhkan serta menganalisis dan menggambarkan besarnya kebutuhan air dan interval pemberian air irigasi dengan menggunakan Software Cropwat 8.0 yang dikembangkan oleh FAO. Interval waktu yang digunakan yaitu berdasarkan setiap tahap pertumbuhan talas dengan jumlah air yang diberikan hingga memenuhi kapasitas lapang pada lahan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa jumlah kebutuhan air tanaman Talas Pratama (Colocasia esculenta (L). Schott var. Pratama) berdasarkan Cropwat 8.0 yaitu sebesar 1093.9 mm sedangkan kebutuhan air irihasi untuk interval 3 hari, dan 1.853.400 liter untuk interval 4 hari adalah 1.605.150 liter pada lahan seluas 1500 m2.
LAND CONVERSION AND THE LEVEL OF COMMUNITY SOCIAL COHESION IN THE SUB-DISTRICT OF EMPOANG DISTRICT BINAMU JENEPONTO REGENCY
Authors: Faisal Muhammad
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACTThis research aims to find out land conversion that occurs and analyze  relationship between the level  social cohesion and collective action community after function of the land. The type research used is survey research, because  takes samples from one population and uses questionnaire basic data collection tool. The number  respondents was 74 people consisting 68 men and 6 women who were captured by convenience, incidental, and purfosively sampling techniques taken from those who had sold land and came from various RWs in Empoang subdisrict. Data analysis using  SPSS for Windows 20 application. Test hypothesis using Rank Spearman statistical test. The results  study found  land conversion occurs because land is less productive and also   form demographic adaptation and multi-form conversion. The results  Spearman rank test obtained sig (2-tailed) value 0.013 which is smaller than alpha 0.05. This explains there is positive relationship between  level social cohesion and level community involvement  collective action, although the correlation coefficient is only 0.286 which explains the relationship between variables is weak. The variable level  social cohesion increases, level of community involvement in collective action also increases even though the level increase is low due to the type relationship between the weak variables.
The Effect of CFO Demographics on Fraudulent Financial Reporting
Authors: Yustrida Bernawati Yulia Frischanita,
Published: July 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of CFO demographics on financial statement fraud. The results contribute to companies for increasing CEO and CFO elections and corporate governance designed to prevent illegal actions. The sample in this study was manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018 with 308 data and hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis techniques. The test results show that the age of the CFO affects the fraudulent financial statements. More mature the CFO engage with fraudulent financial statements. Other results indicate that the level of education, gender and experience of the CFO have no effect on financial statement fraud. The control variable used is ROA which has a positive effect on financial statement fraud. While company size and leverage have a negative effect on financial statement fraud.
Implikasi Program Parenting Terhadap Pendidikan Karakter Anak
Authors: Murdiani Ni Ketut
Published: July 2020

Education is a lifelong learning process that can be characterized by changes in behavior. The learning process in the learner and the results obtained are the ability to adjust to the environment and fulfillment of needs. Education can be held on formal, informal and non-formal channels. This form of education does not seem to be able to make character of the students. Formal education tends to emphasize cognitive aspects only. While informal and non-formal education is not able to provide an example to children so that they are not optimally developed psychologically. Especially education obtained from parents. Here the cause may lie in the lack of knowledge of parents about how to educate children well. On this basis it is very important that there is a parenting program in elementary schools. With the parenting program, parents will be able to educate and care for chil- dren properly and correctly so that children can become noble characters. This parenting program usually affects parents in their knowledge of how to educate properly, and has a great influence on the character of the child.
Praktik Yoga Sebagai Sosial Religius Membentuk Perilaku Susila
Authors: Juniartha Made G.
Published: July 2020

Human life getting caught up in things that are worldly. Humans tend to very easily tied to wealth, power, and ambition is so great without control. So sometimes there are gaps and deficiencies perceived in him. Only wealth, power and ambition deemed able to meet the emotional, physical and human egositas, while the most important thing that should be prioritized rarely get attention, it is the soul and spiritual needs of people. Man must remember him as a religious element in the control function as individuals and social beings of any action taken.The practice of yoga which include aspects of moral, physical, mental and spiritual levels influence human behavior. Especially in the era of globalization, in addition to contributing to the positive as well negative impact if the absence of self-control. Yoga as a Hindu religion became a social phenomenon as a social category as the control of the religious self. Yoga is a religious practice that is understood as an experience in a state or in a state transcends aware of unconscious self, into the presence of God. By being able to balance the body and mind through yoga practices, yoga practitioners practicing slowly with continuity Tri Kāya Parisudha teaching concept (think, say and do what is good and pure). So Increase faith and self introspection for yoga practitioners.
Tradisi Pabuncingan Jero Dong Ding di Desa Pakraman Muncan, Kecamatan Selat Kabupaten Karangasem
Authors: Wira Ida Ayu Dwidyaniti
Published: July 2020

Tradition Pabuncingan Jero Dong Ding is one form of religious traditions god yadnya devoted presented to Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa conducted with the purpose of applying the fertility presented to Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa in his manifestation as Lingga (jero Dong) and Yoni (Jero Ding) ie aspect of God in the form Purusa-Pradana symbol of Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvati or Uma. Based on this analysis, be concluded as the following results: The process of implementation of the tradition Pabuncingan Jero Dong Ding in Pakraman Muncan divided into three stages: The process of making, the process Ngelinggihang and activities Pabuncingan Jero Dong Ding. The reason for the implementation of the tradition Jero Pabuncingan Ding Dong, in theology is to invoke presented to Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa in manifestation of Lord  Shiva and Goddess Uma, in  the mythology is based on the belief or confidence that developed in rural communities Pakraman Muncan.
Teologi Hindu dalam Teks Nīlacandra
Authors: Poniman Poniman
Published: July 2020

Memahami ajaran-ajaran teologis di Nusantara memiliki banyak sumber untuk
dipelajari, tetapi secara mendalam tentu membutuhkan konsentrasi yang komprehensif untuk mencari berbagai sumber ajaran demi kesempurnaan pemahaman itu. Namun dari hal itu, kehadiran suatu pengajaran tentu membutuhkan terjemahan khusus sesuai dengan bidang keilmuannya. Dalam hal ini, ini merujuk pada teks klasik yang masih menggunakan bahasa Jawa Kuno untuk menjadi objek analisis untuk menemukan perspektif spesifik tentang pengajaran teologi, yaitu Teks Nilacandra.
Tattwa Siwa Siddhanta Indonesia dalam Teologi Hindu
Authors: Kardika I Nyoman
Published: July 2020

Shiva’s teachings which developed in Bali were Shiva Siddhanta, this teaching was the result of the acculturation of many teachings of Hinduism. Inside are found Vedic teachings, Upanishads, Dharmasastra, Darsana (especially Samkya Yoga), Puranas and Tantra. the concept of the teachings of Saiwa Siddhanta that lives and is embraced in Indonesia is slightly different from that developed in other countries, including different from those in India, because the concept of Saiwa Siddhanta which is embraced in Indonesia blends with the original beliefs of indigenous peopleIndonesia and local customs.therefore, Saiwa Siddhanta Indonesia cannot and cannot be equated with Saiwa Siddhanta in other parts
of the world. Nevertheless, Hindus do not deserve to distinguish or separate themselves between fellow believers, because Hinduism gives freedom to their people to be religious. The procedure for the implementation of religious life in Bali also shows a combination of elements of ancestral belief. Wariga, Rerainan (feast day) and Upakara are mostly ancestral heritage. this inheritance has thus been harmoniously aligned with the teachings of Hinduism so that it is a unified and rounded whole. Thus, Hinduism in Bali has a characteristic that is in accordance with the spiritual needs of Balinese people from ancient times to the present. in this day and age, the adhiluhung religion’s heritage needs to be maintained, cared for and perfected our understanding so that it can still fulfill the religious needs of its people.
Nilai Teologis Arsitektur Tradisional Masyarakat Hindu di Bali
Authors: Subawa I Made Pasek
Published: July 2020

The traditional architecture of Hindu society in Bali is a blend of material and spiritual dimensions. The combination of these two dimensions form the energy and strength in the building that is created, so, it can give a sense of comfort and quiet in the person who occupy it. In the belief of Balinese, the people of Bali, the process of building construction is not just to build, but it is done by stages and careful planning, from the selection of good days, the selection of building materials, up to
the means of ceremony. The stage is implemented because the building is not only used as a residence, but also used as a place to carry out various ceremonial activities. This is what causes the traditional Balinese architecture has a spiritual value that makes the building has magical power that can make people who occupy it to be comfortable and quiet.
Karang Paumahan Perspektif Ekologi Hindu
Authors: Harsananda Hari , Widyawati Anak Agung Ayu Alit
Published: July 2020

Human needs a good home and yard as a primary necessary. A long Ago, before human know the food producting method, human have habit to be a nomaden, haven’t home and always stay at the edge of the river, but with a good progression of our culture. Human start to stay and make a settlement. To make a good settlement Balinese people have a rule basic from a text called Asta Bhumi. From the the Asta Bhumi text can get the differentitation about the land, the good land and the bad land for make a Building. The example of the good land is the land who higher at the South and West, it called Paribhoga Werddhi and Manemu Labha, beside the rule about making ak settlement, Balinese people have a text to decreasing a bad factor from a good land. The text called Bhama Kretih, at the Bhama kretih text, find a method to solve bad land problem uses Upakara called Caru.
Implementasi Strategi Pembelajaran Aktif dalam Pelajaran Agama Hindu
Authors: Junianti Putu Sri
Published: July 2020

On each there are teaching objectives to be achieved and for the achievement of these goals we need to convey topics in it there are concepts that should be up on the students, and for that particular approach is required as the solution problem solved, latiahan, trainer-memorized and possibly with other approaches. In a lesson that corresponds to a particular principle of curriculum material keterlaksanaan dipenggaruhi by four principal components, namely the carrier material, the Publisher materials, approaches and materials. In general the process of learning oriented activities on achieving a competency, hinting that Hindu religious educators should seoang mastered a number of capabilities regarding planning, how to organize and process implementation the learning itself. Active learning methods, positioning is one of the methods of positioning an educator to be able to dig into the potential that exists in his protégé so that participants can build creativity in the learning process. The application of active learning methods is an urgency that must be implemented by each school, this is because, the development of the educational world now demands the students become active and creative in the learning process.
FILSAFAT PANCASILA DALAM PERSEPEKTIF HINDU
Authors: Kartika Ni Gusti Ayu
Published: July 2020

Pancasila is not just born, but through a very thorough planning process and reviewed by National figures through the session of the Preparatory Committee for the Preparation of Independence (BPPK). Pancasila as the foundation of the philosophy of the state of the Republic of Indonesia has the composition of five precepts which is a unity and unity and has the nature of the unity of the absolute, which is the nature of the monodualist nature as individual beings as well as social beings, and position as a personal being that stands alone and simultaneously also as a creature of God. The consequences of Pancasila as the basis of the state of Indonesia are all aspects in the administration of the state covered by the values  of Pancasila which is the human nature that monodualis.
SOSIAL CONTROL : SIFAT DAN SANKSI SEBAGAI SARANA KONTROL SOSIAL
Authors: Sudharma Putra Ida Bagus
Published: July 2020

Society in social life always there is a means in the form of control or control to regulate the various behavior or behavior anngota social group, It means that human behavior should be limited by the rules so that humans can know what to do and actions that should not be done. Behavior that is governed means a limit of values ??and norms deviant and antisocial. Con- versely, the behaviors that are ordered mean that they contain values ??and norms that are komformis. Prevention or handling efforts for the community not to violate the rules, then within the community group must have a set of values ??and norms is none other than to prevent or reduce the violation of the rules. This is called the form of social control. When looking at the function of social control that applies to the life of the community, is to develop a fear that someone not to do acts that are not in accordance with the values ??and norms that apply, and provide compensation for people who comply with the values ??and norms -the prevailing norms so as to reinforce a sense of confidence in society that the value is supposed to be adhered to for the life of society towards the better. And able to create a legal system (the rules are formally formulated with the sanctions contained in it). From these limitations, it can be interpreted that social control is a designed or not designed and controlled means and process aimed at engag- ing, educating, and even forcing citizens to comply with prevailing social norms and values.
PENERAPAN SANKSI ADAT DEDOSAN DALAM AWIG-AWIG BANJAR PEGOK DESA ADAT SESETAN
Authors: Widnyana I Made Adi , Tagel Dewa Putu
Published: July 2020

In Bali, the existence of customary law is still stable and sustainable until now and it is very easy to find it in some areas that still maintain the lives of indigenous people through the institution of customary villages or villages. Traditional law dibali generally include; awig, awig, perarem, eka elikita, and other customary rules. In carrying out customary rules, there are customary sanctions that will be imposed on violators of customary rules. These customary
sanctions are of various kinds and are different in each customary area in Bali.
Dedosan sanction is an example of one of the sanctions that exist in customary rules. As applied in banjar pegok through banjar awig-awig adat which makes dedosan sanctions as an alternative in minimizing losses arising from the negligence of customary manners in carrying out customary obligations, so that the activities of manners customs that are preoccupied with matters outside the customs, do not interfere with the development of traditional traditions that
are still ongoing. Although the application of customary sanctions has begun to be more flexible in the present, it should still be carried out firmly and clearly, so that it does not cause jealousy and does not accustom customary manners to carry out dedosan sanctions just to avoid adat activities. So that if this is allowed to continue then it will certainly also affect the existence of adat that
prevails in an area.
HAK ULAYAT ATAS WILAYAH PESISIR BAGI BENDEGA PASCA DITETAPKANNYA PERDA 11/2017 (Studi Di Desa Adat Tuban)
Authors: Trisnadiasa I Nyoman Agus , Sulistyawati Ni Putu Yunika , Arthadana Made Gede
Published: July 2020

Recognition of the exixtence of bendega as a traditional instituion in the Province of Bali is getting stroger after the issuance of Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali Nomor 11 tahun 2017 tentang Bendega. Even though i tis located as a traditional institution, bendega still given space to innovate in economic activities without ignoring the value of local wisdom. In Desa Adat Tuban, i tis found that there are groups of local people who are still pursuing the fishing profession. In addtion, this community group is also innovating in economic activities by utilizing the coastal areas which are Forest Park Conservation area Tahura.

The objectives of this study are (1) the find out and analyze the legal position of fishing groups in Desa Adat Tuban after issuance of Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Bali No 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Bendega; (2) knowing and analyzing the state’s recognition of fishermen groups in Desa Adat Tuban as the legal subject in charge of management of coastal areas.

This research is an empirical legal research. Using primary data obtained  hrough observation an interview techniques. The secondary data is the collected
thorugh a literature study. All data collected is the analyzed qualitatively. The output of this research is a secintific journal with ISSN. In connection with the TKT research, the target that can be achieved in this study is TKT 3 in accordance with the indicators that have been determined.
Upaya Pembentukan Brand Awareness di Dalam Negeri oleh Triple S
Authors: Roidisom Shamit , Hafiar Hanny , Novianti Evi
Published: July 2020

PT Triple S is known as sport kit factory in Indonesia, and specialist of soccer ball. PT Triple S has a good product, however the brand itself acknowledged internationally better than domestically. Brand awareness is built through marketing communication. Therefore, this case study inquiry is trying to identify the technique of creating brand awareness with marketing communication strategy by PT Sinjaraga Santika Sport (Triple S) in Indonesia. The goal of this research is to have knowledge of creating brand awareness technique using marketing communication by PT Sinjaraga Santika Sport (Triple S). This study is utilizing qualitative approach, constructivism paradigm and case study as form of study. The Subject were people who is implicated by brand awareness strategy of PT Triple S,  for instance employees and customer of  PT Triple S.The results of this research gave out that marketing communication is being done by PT Triple S in order to create brand awareness in Indonesia. But, the inhibition both internal obstacle (from the company itself) for example uncertainty of human resources’s skill on executing marketing communication strategy and external obstacle (Indonesian consumer stereotype that think import products are better than local product) has created the fact that brand of Triple S is acknowledged better internationally than domestically. As for the closure of this research: marketing communication strategies that successfully creates brand awareness internationally are their ball officially certified by FIFA, they also had an agreement and entered World Cup 1998. Meaanwhile marketing communication is also being donein Indonesia but the obstacles both internal and external  has caused a misfortune for PT Triple S in order to create brand awareness domestically.
Identifikasi Hoax pada Media Sosial dengan Pendekatan Machine Learning
Authors: Laksana Utama Putu Kussa
Published: July 2020

The Hoax propagation on social media is a problem that has to be solved. The main problem with the propagation of hoaxes on social media is that they can go viral very quickly. There have been various approaches developed to identify Hoax in the earlier stage. This study is conducted in order to analyze the various approaches that have been developed by many researchers in Hoax's identification domain. The result of literature study from various scientific papers shows that Hoax identification on social media is better if performed automatically using Machine Learning. On the several datasets, they have successfully obtain best-case accuracy of 75% -96%.
Etika dalam Wraspati Tatwa
Authors: Istri Agung I Gusti Agung
Published: July 2020

The  tattwa is the absolute truth about the Divinity / Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. Tattwa is one source of the teachings of Hinduism, therefore it is inseparable from the Vedas. So by having each obtained from the description of Wrhaspati and Tattwa it can be concluded that Wrhaspati Tattwa means the teaching of the truth / essence of Dharma truth from Bhagawan Wraspati. This article aims to examine the ethical values contained in the teachings of Wrhaspati Tattwa. Based on studies that have been carried out it is known that Wrhaspati Tattwa teaches how to achieve deliverance or freedom from worldly ties through Sadanggayoga. The source of this teaching is the result of dialogue between Bhatara Siwa and Bhagawan. Ethics in waraspati tatwa is a teaching that contains samkya and yoga.
Dekonstruksi Jackques Derrida dalam Novel O Karya Eka Kurniawan
Authors: Nugraha Frenky Icksan , Saraswati Ekarini , Widodo Joko
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk kritik oposisi biner, logosentrisme, dan differance. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bentuk dekonstruksi Jackques Derrida dalam novel O karya Eka Kurniawan adalah bentuk oposisi biner dengan membandingkan perjalanan monyet berevolusi dan terbantahkan dengan monyet sebagai bentuk tanda atau simbolis. Bentuk logosentrisme yang sebenarnya pada monyet adalah simbolis dari kehidupan manusia yang sesungguhnya mengalami penurunan moral sehingga hewan lebih baik dari manusia. Bentuk Differance yang merupakan kisah monyet sebagai kritik dan nasihat untuk pembaca bahwa semasa hidup harus berbuat kebaikan.
A vigilância em saúde e o planejamento nas equipes de atenção primária em saúde: revisão narrativa
Authors: Costa Ilka Lorena de Oliveira Farias , Trindade Creusa Barbosa dos Santos , Chaves Elem Cristina Rodrigues , Ferreira Ilma Pastana , Lima Sérgio Beltrão de Andrade , Costa Fátima Bastos da , Mendonça Maria Helena Rodrigues de , Neto Rafael Lourenço da Silva
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Analisar através de uma revisão narrativa sobre o panorama atual do processo integração da Atenção Primária em Saúde e a Vigilância em Saúde e sua contribuição no processo de planejamento e avaliação em saúde. Revisão bibliográfica: O Sistema Único de Saúde, a partir da Lei Orgânica de Saúde (8.080/90), surge com princípios garantindo a universalização e descentralização da saúde sendo reconhecido por seus benefícios, todavia, torna-se um desafio para gestão devido sua fragilidade e sub-financiamento, influenciando o processo de planejamento e avaliação na atenção primária. O SUS possibilitou criar a Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, sendo um marco na descentralização de ações e organização no processo de avaliar e planejar na atenção básica, entretanto, embora existam estratégias para integrar a Vigilância à atenção primária, o mesmo não foi realizado de forma eficaz, caracterizando um obstáculo na identificação de determinantes saúde-doença, contrapondo-se aos princípios propostos na Lei nº 8.080. Considerações finais: Frente aos desafios da integração da Vigilância em Saúde à Saúde básica e a gestão, são necessárias inovações nos métodos de planejar e avaliar para auxiliar decisão de determinada problemática e auxiliar na reorganização do trabalho, ações e serviços de saúde.

 

Palavras-chave: Vigilância em saúde, Atenção primária, Gestão em saúde.
Nucleation and Structural Identification in Gold Particles of High Aspect Ratios Developed through Mechanistic Approach
Authors: Ali Mubarak , Lin I-Nan
Published: July 2020

A structural identification in different geometrical shapes of gold particles is presented here. Nucleation mechanisms of particles having geometrical shapes are discussed here, which have never been reported before. Dimensional regularity of particles in geometrical shapes incites a new insight. At electronically flat solution surface, different zones have been found dealing with the developing tiny-shaped particles in less elongation of atoms and more elongation of atoms. Tiny-shaped particles in less elongation of atoms nucleate particles of one-dimensional (1D) shapes due to developing in a zone consisting of regions rearward to north-pole at solution surface. Tiny-shaped particles in more elongation of atoms nucleate multi-dimensional (MD) shapes due to developing in a zone consisting of east-west regions at solution surface. To assemble at a common point forming at the centre of concave meniscus, structures of smooth elements at electronically decreasing level solution surface experience force in immersing format. A force exerting in the immersing format is related to the simultaneous actions of four forces to a structure of smooth element coming to assemble. In addition to the acquired orientation of an electron and the position of its atom at solution surface, a manner of energy knot clamping to electron in an atom also varies exertion of force for it. Particles of geometrical shapes show different structures in 1D and MD shapes. On identifying structure, a mechanism of photon reversion is disclosed. In the selected area patterns of particles, printing spots of reverted force in photons reflected from the laterally orientated electrons of less and more elongated atoms validates that photons are not carried by the electrons, so it is a photon reflection instead of an electron diffraction.
Visible Light-Enabled Paternò-Büchi Reaction via Triplet Energy Transfer for the Synthesis of Oxetanes
Authors: Rykaczewski Katie , Schindler Corinna
Published: July 2020

One of the most efficient ways to synthesize oxetanes is the light-enabled [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of carbonyls and alkenes, referred to as the Paternò-Büchi reaction. The reaction conditions for this transformation typically require the use of high energy UV light to excite the carbonyl, limiting the applications, safety, and scalability. We herein report the development of a visible light-mediated Paternò-Büchi reaction protocol that relies on triplet energy transfer from an iridium-based photocatalyst to the carbonyl substrates. This mode of activation is demonstrated for a variety of aryl glyoxylates and negates the need for both, visible light-absorbing carbonyl starting materials or UV light to enable access to a variety of functionalized oxetanes in up to 99% yield.
Electronic Structure Calculations in Electrolyte Solutions: Methods for Neutralization of Extended Charged Interfaces
Authors: Bhandari Arihant , Anton Lucian , Dziedzic Jacek , Peng Chao , Kramer Denis , Skylaris Chris-Kriton
Published: July 2020

Density functional theory (DFT) is often used for simulating extended materials such as infinite crystals or surfaces, under periodic boundary conditions (PBCs). In such calculations, when the simulation cell has non-zero charge, electrical neutrality has to be imposed and this is often done via a uniform background charge of opposite sign (`jellium'). This artificial neutralization does not occur in reality, where a different mechanism is followed as in the example of a charged electrode in electrolyte solution, where surrounding electrolyte screens the local charge at the interface. The neutralizing effect of surrounding electrolyte can be incorporated within a hybrid quantum-continuum model based on a modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation, where the concentrations of electrolyte ions are modified to achieve electroneutrality. Among the infinite possible ways of modifying the electrolyte charge, we propose here a physically optimal solution which minimizes the deviation of concentrations of electrolyte ions from those in open boundary conditions (OBCs). This principle of correspondence of PBCs with OBCs leads to the correct concentration profiles of electrolyte ions and electroneutrality within the simulation cell and in the bulk electrolyte is maintained simultaneously, as observed in experiments. This approach, which we call the Neutralization by Electrolyte Concentration Shift (NECS), is implemented in our electrolyte model in the ONETEP linear-scaling DFT code which makes use of a bespoke highly parallel Poisson-Boltzmann solver, DL_MG. We further propose another neutralization scheme (`accessible jellium') which is a simplification of NECS. We demonstrate and compare the different neutralization schemes on several examples.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carboformylation Enabled by a Molecular Shuffling Process
Authors: Lee Yong Ho , Denton Elliott , Morandi Bill
Published: July 2020

Hydroformylation, a reaction which installs both a C–H bond and an aldehyde group across an unsaturated substrate, is one of the most important catalytic reactions both in industry and academia. Given the synthetic importance of creating new C–C bonds, and the widespread academic and industrial impact of hydroformylation, the development of carboformylation reactions, wherein a new C–C bond is formed instead of a C–H bond, would bear enormous synthetic potential to rapidly increase molecular complexity in the synthesis of valuable aldehydes. However, the demanding complexity inherent in a four-component reaction, utilizing an exogenous CO source, has made the development of a direct carboformylation reaction a formidable challenge. Here, we describe a molecular shuffling strategy featuring the use of readily available aroyl chlorides as a carbon electrophile and CO source, in tandem with a sterically congested hydrosilane, to perform a stereoselective carboformylation of alkynes under palladium catalysis. An extension of this protocol to four chemodivergent carbonylations further highlights the creative opportunity offered by this molecular shuffling strategy in carbonylation chemistry.
Direct Plasmonic Detection of Circulating RAS Mutated DNA in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: D’Agata Roberta , Bellassai Noemi , Allegretti Matteo , Rozzi Andrea , Korom Saša , Manicardi Alex , Melucci Elisa , Pescarmona Edoardo , Corradini Roberto , Giacomini Patrizio , Spoto Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

By exploiting a liquid biopsy approach, we developed an ultrasensitive nanoparticle-enhanced plasmonic method for detecting RAS single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the plasma of CRC patients. The PCR-free method we developed is based on an imaging platform and allows the direct detection of ~1 attomolar RAS sequences in plasma with a sandwich hybridization assay using peptide nucleic acids probes. The assay involves a simple pre-analytical procedure that does not require the extraction of tumor DNA from plasma and detects it in volumes as low as 40 uL of plasma, which is at least an order of magnitude smaller than that required by state of the art liquid biopsy technologies. The most prevalent RAS SNVs are detected in DNA from tumor tissue with 100% sensitivity and 83.33% specificity. Spike-in experiments in human plasma further encouraged assay application on clinical specimens. Assay performances were then proven in plasma from CRC patients and healthy donors, demonstrating its promising avenue for cancer monitoring.
A Model for the Simulation of the CnEm Nonionic Surfactant Family Derived from Recent Experimental Results
Authors: Johnston Michael , Duff Andrew , Anderson Richard L. , Swope William
Published: July 2020

Using a comprehensive set of recently published experimental results for training and validation, we have developed computational models appropriate for simulations of aqueous solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) alkyl ethers, an important class of micelle- forming nonionic surfactants, usually denoted CnEm. These models are suitable for use in simulations that employ a moderate amount of coarse graining and especially for dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), which we adopt in this work.

The experimental data used for training and validation were reported earlier and produced in our laboratory using dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements per- formed on twelve members of the CnEm compound family yielding micelle size dis- tribution functions and mass weighted mean aggregation numbers at each of several surfactant concentrations. The range of compounds and quality of the experimental results were designed to support the development of computational models. An es- sential feature of this work is that all simulation results were analysed in a way that is consistent with the experimental data. Proper account is taken of the fact that a broad distribution of micelle sizes exists, so mass weighted averages (rather than num- ber weighted averages) over this distribution are required for the proper comparison of simulation and experimental results.

The resulting DPD force field reproduces several important trends seen in the exper- imental critical micelle concentrations and mass averaged mean aggregation numbers with respect to surfactant characteristics and concentration. We feel it can be used to investigate a number of open questions regarding micelle sizes and shapes and their dependence on surfactant concentration for this important class of nonionic surfactants.
A Combination of Ivermectin and Doxycycline Possibly Blocks the Viral Entry and Modulate the Innate Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Maurya Dharmendra Kumar
Published: July 2020

The current outbreak of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has affected almost entire world and become pandemic now. Currently, there is neither any FDA approved drugs nor any vaccines available to control it. Very recently in Bangladesh, a group of doctors reported astounding success in treating patients suffering from COVID-19 with two commonly used drugs, Ivermectin and Doxycycline. In the current study we have explored the possible mechanism by which these drugs might have worked for the positive response in the COVID-19 patients. To explore the mechanism we have used molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approach. Effectiveness of Ivermectin and doxycycline were evaluated against Main Protease (Mpro), Spike (S) protein, Nucleocapsid (N), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, NSP12), ADP Ribose Phosphatase (NSP3), Endoribonuclease (NSP15) and methyltransferase (NSP10-NSP16 complex) of SARS-CoV-2 as well as human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Our study shows that both Ivermectin and doxycycline have significantly bind with SARS-CoV-2 proteins but Ivermectin was better binding than doxycycline. Ivermectin showed a perfect binding site to the Spike-RBD and ACE2 interacting region indicating that it might be interfering in the interaction of spike with ACE2 and preventing the viral entry in to the host cells. Ivermectin also exhibited significant binding affinity with different SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins (NSPs) which have diverse functions in virus life cycle. Significant binding of Ivermectin with RdRp indicate its role in the inhibition of the viral replication and ultimately impeding the multiplication of the virus. Ivermectin also possess significant binding affinity with NSP3, NSP10, NSP15 and NSP16 which helps virus in escaping from host immune system. Molecular dynamics simulation study shows that binding of the Ivermectin with Mpro, Spike, NSP3, NSP16 and ACE2 was quiet stable. Thus, our docking and simulation studies reveal that combination of Ivermectin and doxycycline might be executing the effect by inhibition of viral entry and enhance viral load clearance by targeting various viral functional proteins.
In vitro antibacterial potential of acetone leaf extract of Otostegia integrifolia Benth against human selected bacterial pathogens
Authors: Kidu Hintsa  , Tekleweyni Tadege  , Tesfay Weletnsae  , Gopalakrishnan V K  , Kamalakararao K  , Krishna Chaithanya K
Published: July 2020

Otostegia integrifolia Benth (O. integrifolia) is the endogenous medicinal plant of Ethiopia mostly used for the treatment of Stomach ache, tonsillitis, hypertension, malaria, ascariasis, and lung diseases. The current study was focused on phytochemical analysis and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of O. integrifolia Benth leave extracts against selected human bacterial pathogen by the agar well diffusion and microtube broth dilution method. Plant leaves were extracted with less polar to high polar solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, and ethanol. Phytochemical investigation was carried out for the identification of secondary metabolites responsible for antibacterial activity. In vitro antibacterial potential of O.integrifolia Benth leaf organic extracts against human pathogenic gram-negative (E. coli, K. pneumonia, V. cholera) and positive bacteria (B.subtilis, E. faecalis, S.aureus) were assessed by agar well diffusion, and bacterial inhibitory concentration of effective plant extracts was determined by 96 well plate broth dilution assay. Among all the tested organic leaf extracts, the acetone leaf extract of O.integrifolia Benth exhibited a promising broad spectrum of in vitro antibacterial activity against all tested multiple drug-resistant bacteria pathogens with significant MIC values of K.pneumoniae (2.144µg/ml), V. cholera (2.025µg), B.substilis (2.604 µg), and S.aureus (3.028 µg), respectively. The significant antibacterial activity of acetone leaf extracts of O. integrifolia Benth was due to the existence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The current studies demonstrated that the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of acetone leaf extracts of O.integrifolia Benth might be helpful for the isolation of novel potent antibacterial agents against infectious bacterial pathogens without any side effects.
Anti-tubercular drugs, predisposing factors and management of drug-induced hepatotoxicity: A concise and up-to-date
Authors: Rasmi S Nair  , Akhilesh K  , Emmanuel James
Published: July 2020

Tuberculosis remains a leading cause of death in developing countries. In India antitubercular treatment was effective from the 1950s and has been engaged for more than 50 years. Hepatotoxicity secondary to antitubercular drug treatment is a major threat to tuberculosis. Anti-tubercular drugs like isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide are potentially hepatotoxic and their adverse reactions are based on dose or hypersensitivity. Hepatotoxicity can occur within a few weeks of initiating intensive phase and elevation of serum transaminase levels with signs and symptoms are considered as the diagnostic criteria. The variations in the incidence of anti-tubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to differences in patient characteristics, regimen used, type of monitoring and the diagnostic criteria defining hepatotoxicity. Predisposing factors associated with anti-tubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity include advanced age, gender, nutritional status, alcohol intake, extensive TB, indiscriminate use of various drugs, ethnic factors, chronic liver disease and concomitant infections. There are no evidence-based guidelines that are accessible for the management of these patients. Management of hepatotoxicity generally involves withholding the anti-tubercular drugs and reintroduction after normalization of biochemical markers of liver injury
Evaluation of lead, copper and zinc levels for autistic children in Thi-qar province/Iraq
Authors: Khansaa A Hussien  , Ali B Roomi  , Shamam K Oudah
Published: July 2020

Autism (AU) is a developmental disability identified by a substantial deficiency in communication and social interaction. The cause of Au is not known yet. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if exposure to lead, zinc and copper can affect causinAutismsm. In this study, 54 children diagnosed with AU were involved. Ninety (90) % of them were under the age of three years, and 10% were over the age of three years in the Nasiriyah Autism Centre 2019-2020. The results revealed that lead and copper levels did not affect the female children as much as males.On the other hand, the zinc levels showed a significant statistical difference between female and male. The lead, zinc and copper level did not have any impact on the children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Lead, zinc, and copper were recognised as one of the chief causes for Autism in Children in Thi-Qar Province. The children who were exposed to substantial metal metabolism and the environment in Thi-Qar province were affected by AU or ASD.
Method development and validation of Ifetroban by RP-UPLC
Authors: Bharani Pandilla  , Chitra K  , Nalini C N  , Ashok P  , Vadivelan R
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this work is to develop and validate reverse phase Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for the rapid and precise determination of ifetroban sodium in its pure form and in formulations. A simple, specific, accurate, precise isocratic UPLC method for analysis of Ifetroban sodium was developed and validated using a Phenomenex C18 column (50 mm x 3.0 mm, 3µ) as the stationary phase, in conjunction using Triethyl amine buffer: methanol in the proportion of 25:75 with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, run time is 3 min and UV detector is used at 235 nm wavelength. The developed UPLC technique was found to be rapid as the retention time was 0.56 minutes for Ifetroban peak to elute. The developed UPLC technique was validated as per the ICH guidelines for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and found to be satisfactory. Linearity was established in the concentration range 100-300 µg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.998 and the equation obtained is y = 0.635x + 0.639.The percentage recovery is 100.41. The method is rugged and is trouble free and transferable. The study showed that the developed UPLC technique can be used for the estimation of drug purity, stability, solubility and with no interference of pharmaceutical excipients from the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The precision, accuracy, robustness results obtained enables rapid quantification of ifetroban for quantitative analysis.
Deciphering the Effect of Hydro-alcoholic extract of Cymodocea serrulata on the Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis
Authors: Kalpana C S  , Kalaivani P  , Vanitha V
Published: July 2020

Liver cancer is the most common cancer both in men and women. Hepato carcinoma is caused due to chemicals, food and also by even some drugs. Many therapies and therapeutic agents show side effects of liver cancer. A natural medicine Cymodoceae serrulata, seagrass under Cymodoceaceae family, found in the subtidal region may prove a source of benefit to avoid such side effects. Hydro ethanol extract of Cymodoceae serrulata shows high antioxidant and pharmacological activities, which may be used for the treatment of liver cancer. The earlier stage of Apoptosis can be identified by the nuclear changes such as DNA fragmentation. Propidium iodide can determine the proportion of cell cycle analysis—Annexin V conjugated to fluorochromes, including FITC. When the HepG2 test sample treated with the drug Cymodoceae serrulata, viable cell growth is significantly reduced compared to the standard camptothecin, which is an antitumor agent. Percentage of viable cell count declined significantly to 5.38%, and the percentage of the late apoptotic cell increased impressively 42.08%.
Serous effusions: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Akash Jain  , Mahendra Patil  , Kanetkar S R
Published: July 2020

This study is a prospective, observational study done for two years, comprising of 267 cases. Their episodes were while tapping pleural cavity, peritoneal cavity and pericardial sac, pleural, ascitic and pericardial fluids were collected. Majority of the samples received were from our hospital (98%) while 2% (5 samples) were obtained from outside. The male cases (55%) outnumbered the females (45%). And, a maximum number of instances in quinquagenarian among males and sexagenarian among females. In peritoneal fluids, females (29/30) outnumbered males. Fifty-nine (22%) samples showed the presence of clot with the majority being in pleural fluid (35/59). Few of the cases of TB showed neutrophilic (10%) or eosinophilic (2.5%) exudate instead of lymphocytic effusion. In contrast, a few cases of liver cirrhosis showed exudative effusion instead of transudative because of bacterial peritonitis. Majority cases were exudates (58.2%) excluding the peritoneal fluids, out of 71 cases of known malignancy. Out of these, 50% of the malignant effusions were nonhemorrhagic. Common microorganisms were gram-negative bacilli and grampositive cocci. There were three unusual cases in this study, viz: Eosinophilic effusion, Parasite (Ascaris) in pleural fluid and an example of a second malignancy. If the effusion is suspected for malignancy, the fluid typing of exudate or transudate may be done. Also, wet mount preparation for abnormal cells may be done before Examination of fixed smears for cancerous cells, as we did not find any transudate fluid positive for malignancy. Diagnostic effusion tapping, followed by immediate processing of fluid in a laboratory may improve cytological outcome. Malignant effusions may not be hemorrhagic in appearance. Rarely effusion may be the first manifestation of malignancy.