bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent star formation history of the dwarf irregular galaxy Leo A
Authors: Leščinskaitė Alina , Stonkutė Rima , Vansevičius Vladas
Published: March 2022

Context.Leo A is a gas-rich dwarf irregular galaxy of low stellar mass and metallicity. Its star formation history extends up to ∼10 Gyr. A few prominent H II regions indicate that star formation processes are active in the galaxy to this day. In the present epoch, Leo A is a highly isolated galaxy, which allows for it to be studied in a self-propagating star formation regime.

Aims. Our aim is to study the recent star formation history of the Leo A galaxy over the last ∼300 Myr.

Methods. We analysed populations of main sequence (MS) and blue helium-burning (BHeB – ‘blue loop’) stars using multi-colour photometry data obtained with the Subaru/Suprime-Cam (B, V, R, I, Hα) and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (F475W and F814W) cameras. We made use of colour-magnitude diagrams and stellar isochrones to determine individual ages of the BHeB stars, which enabled us to study the spatial distribution of these stars in different age bins. In addition, we used Hα emission and H I column density maps to study the relationship between young stellar populations and the surrounding interstellar medium.

Results. We found that significant differences are visible in the morphology of stellar distributions represented by the BHeB and MS stars of different ages. We also studied a well-known H I hole in the Leo A galaxy and found that there is a noticeable difference in the surface number density of stars in the western and eastern parts of the hole. The bright young (< 20 Myr) MS stars residing in the western part of the hole indicate the recent star-forming activity in this region after the quiescent period of ∼300 Myr. Furthermore, there is a shock front (prominent in Hα) that closely resembles the shape of the western edge of the H I hole. This shock front could have been formed by the combined stellar feedback from the young MS stars or a Type II supernova located within the H I hole. Additionally, an analysis of the Suprime-Cam photometry in Hα and R passbands enabled us to identify 17 stars with a prominent Hα emission (Hα − R ≤ −0.06) which indicate the presence of early-type (Be, B[e], or A-shell) emission-line stars in the Leo A galaxy.
Jupiter’s inhomogeneous envelope
Authors: Miguel Y. , Bazot M. , Guillot T. , Howard S. , Galanti E. , Kaspi Y. , Hubbard W. B. , Militzer B. , Helled R. , Atreya S. K. , Connerney J. E. P. , Durante D. , Kulowski L. , Lunine J. I. , Stevenson D. , Bolton S.
Published: March 2022

Context.While Jupiter’s massive gas envelope consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, the key to understanding Jupiter’s formation and evolution lies in the distribution of the remaining (heavy) elements. Before the Juno mission, the lack of high-precision gravity harmonics precluded the use of statistical analyses in a robust determination of the heavy-element distribution in Jupiter’s envelope.

Aims.In this paper, we assemble the most comprehensive and diverse collection of Jupiter interior models to date and use it to study the distribution of heavy elements in the planet’s envelope.

Methods.We apply a Bayesian statistical approach to our interior model calculations, reproducing the Juno gravitational and atmospheric measurements and constraints from the deep zonal flows.

Results.Our results show that the gravity constraints lead to a deep entropy of Jupiter corresponding to a 1 bar temperature that is 515 K higher than traditionally assumed. We also find that uncertainties in the equation of state are crucial when determining the amount of heavy elements in Jupiter’s interior. Our models put an upper limit to the inner compact core of Jupiter of 7MEarth, independently of the structure model (with or without a dilute core) and the equation of state considered. Furthermore, we robustly demonstrate that Jupiter’s envelope is inhomogeneous, with a heavy-element enrichment in the interior relative to the outer envelope. This implies that heavy-element enrichment continued through the gas accretion phase, with important implications for the formation of giant planets in our Solar System and beyond.
Chemical and magnetic order in mass-selected large FeRh nanomagnets embedded in a carbon matrix
Authors: Herrera Guillermo , Robert Anthony , Dupuis Veronique , Blanchard Nicholas , Boisron Olivier , Albin Clement , Bardotti Laurent , Le Roy Damien , Tournus Florent , Tamion Alexandre
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we present some specific chemical and magnetic order results obtained on bimetallic FeRh nanoparticles prepared under non-equilibrium conditions using mass-selected Low Energy Cluster Beam Deposition. Clusters around 7 nm incident diameter are in situ sandwiched between amorphous carbon films before transfer in air, with different surface coverage (from nearly isolated particles to percolating 2D films) in order to artificially increase diameters of the nanoparticles (NPs) by coalescence. On such FeRh@C samples, we observe different NPs morphologies and magnetic responses after UHV thermal treatments. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we show that after moderate annealing, nanoalloys evolved from a metastable structure towards the equilibrium CsCl-type (B2) chemically ordered phase with a more spherical shape. While from Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometry measurements on 700 °C-annealed FeRh@C samples, we clearly evidence huge magnetization enhancement for such B2 nanoalloys with robust ferromagnetic (FM) signature even at very low temperature unlike their bulk counterparts.
Quality of life and sleep in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome according to different diagnostic criteria and inflammatory bowel diseases: A comparison using data from a population-based survey
Authors: Schwille-Kiuntke Juliane , Ittermann Till , Schmidt Carsten Oliver , Grabe Hans Jörgen , Lerch Markus M. , Völzke Henry , Rieger Monika A. , Enck Paul , Schauer Birgit
Published: March 2022

Background A proportion of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affected patients does not fulfil Rome criteria despite considerable impairment similarly to that in patients with organic gastrointestinal diseases.This investigation aims to examine differences regarding Mental (MQoL), Physical Quality of Life (PQoL), and sleep between IBS according to Rome III (IBS Rome), clinically defined IBS, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and non-IBS/non-IBD individuals.

Methods Data from SHIP-Trend (Study of Health in Pomerania, 2008–2012), a population-based cohort study in Germany, were used.

Results Response was 50.1% (N = 4420). Prevalence was 3.5% for IBS Rome (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.0 – 4.1%, n = 148), 0.6% for clinically defined IBS (CI: 0.4 – 0.9%, n = 27), and 0.8% for IBD (CI: 0.6 – 1.1%, n = 34). Individuals with IBS Rome (4.54 (CI: –5.92; –3.17)) and clinically defined IBS (4.69 (CI: –7.82; –1.56)) had lower scores for MQoL compared to the non-IBS/non-IBD group. PQoL scores were lowered in IBS Rome (6.39 (CI: –7.89; –4.88)) and IBD (5.37 (CI: –8.51; –2.22)), but not in clinically defined IBS compared to the non-IBS/non-IBD group. IBS Rome was the only gastroenterological condition with higher odds of sleeping problems (odds ratio (OR) “falling asleep”: 1.74; CI: 1.29; 2.36; OR “remaining asleep”: 1.73; CI: 1.26; 2.38).

Conclusions IBS Rome is associated with reduced MQoL, PQoL, and sleep problems. Clinically defined IBS is associated only with reduced MQoL. Heterogeneity within IBS affected patients should be considered in clinical routine and screening for daily life impairment should be performed.
AGO-Empfehlungen zur operativen Therapie der Axilla nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie: Update 2021
Authors: Friedrich Michael , Kühn Thorsten , Janni Wolfgang , Müller Volkmar , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Kolberg-Liedtke Cornelia , Jackisch Christian , Krug David , Albert Ute-Susann , Bauerfeind Ingo , Blohmer Jens , Budach Wilfried , Dall Peter , Fallenberg Eva M. , Fasching Peter A. , Fehm Tanja , Gerber Bernd , Gluz Oleg , Hanf Volker , Harbeck Nadia , Heil Jörg , Huober Jens , Kreipe Hans-Heinrich , Kümmel Sherko , Loibl Sibylle , Lüftner Diana , Lux Michael Patrick , Maass Nicolai , Möbus Volker , Mundhenke Christoph , Nitz Ulrike , Park-Simon Tjoung-Won , Reimer Toralf , Rhiem Kerstin , Rody Achim , Schmidt Marcus , Schneeweiss Andreas , Schütz Florian , Sinn Hans-Peter , Solbach Christine , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Stickeler Elmar , Thomssen Christoph , Untch Michael , Witzel Isabell , Wöckel Achim , Thill Marc , Ditsch Nina
Published: March 2022

Über viele Jahrzehnte war die komplette Ausräumung der axillären Lymphknoten im Sinne einer Axilladissektion ein Standardverfahren in der Therapie des Mammakarzinom. Die Zielsetzung lag in der Bestimmung des histologischen Nodalstatus für die Festlegung der adjuvanten Therapie sowie in der Sicherung der lokoregionären Tumorkontrolle. Neben der Diskussion zur Optimierung der Therapiestrategien in der systemischen Behandlung und in der Strahlentherapie fokussieren aktuelle Diskussionen insbesondere auch auf die Verbesserung der chirurgischen Maßnahmen beim Mammakarzinom. Unter Berücksichtigung der zunehmenden Bedeutung der neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie erfährt die operative Behandlung des Mammakarzinoms sowohl im Bereich der Brust als auch im Bereich der Achselhöhle einen Wandel. Basierend auf der derzeitigen Datenlage wird die SLNE vor einer neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie grundsätzlich nicht empfohlen. Demgegenüber wird die operative axilläre Intervention – von der SLNE über die TAD bis zur ALND – nach der neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie als Vorgehen der Wahl zum axillären Staging angesehen. Zur Verringerung der Falsch-negativ-Rate des operativen Stagings der Axilla bei pN+CNB vor NACT und ycN0 nach NACT sind Targeted axillary Dissection (TAD), die Entfernung von > 2 SLNs (SLNE, kein ungezieltes axilläres Sampling), die Immunhistochemie zur Detektion von isolierten Tumorzellen oder Mikrometastasen und die Markierung von positiven Lymphknoten vor NACT als Standard anzusehen. In dem aktuellen Update zur operativen axillären Intervention wird auf die Bedeutung von isolierten Tumorzellen und Mikrometastasen nach neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie und die klinischen Konsequenzen einer mittels SLNE und TAD diagnostizierten Low Volume residual Disease eingegangen und ein Überblick bez. der diesjährigen AGO-Empfehlungen zum operativen Management der Axilla im Rahmen der Primäroperation und im Zusammenhang mit der neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie gegeben.
Decarboxylation of Paraconic Acids by a Silver(I) Nitrate/Persulfate Combination: An Entry to β-Nitro- and β-Hydroxy γ-Butyrolactones
Authors: Soorukram Darunee , Phae-nok Supasorn , Kuhakarn Chutima , Leowanawat Pawaret , Reutrakul Vichai
Published: March 2022

Decarboxylative transformations of paraconic acids, a class of γ-butyrolactones containing a carboxylic acid group at the β-position as their characteristic functionality, by using a combination of AgNO3/K2S2O8 were investigated. The dual function of AgNO3 as an initiator of the decarboxylation process and as a source of nitrogen dioxide radicals that react with aliphatic carboxylic substrates is reported for the first time. Starting from paraconic acids, β-nitro- and β-hydroxy γ-butyrolactones were obtained in good combined yields (41–85%) with moderate selectivity in a one-pot operation. The reactions were completed within an acceptable reaction time (two hours) under mild conditions that were tolerated by the γ-butyrolactone core. This study provides a direct and site-specific entry to β-nitro- and β-hydroxy γ-butyrolactones, which are important precursors in organic transformations.
1,2-Additions on Chiral N-Sulfinylketimines: An Easy Access to Chiral α-Tertiary Amines
Authors: Carret Sebastien , Poisson Jean-François , Berthiol Florian , Achuenu Chukuka
Published: March 2022

Chiral α-tertiary amines, a motif present in α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids, in a wide range of natural products, and many drugs and drug candidates, are important targets in organic chemistry. Among the possible strategies, 1,2-addition to chiral N-sulfinyl­ketimines is one of the best routes to form chiral α-tertiary amines with a high level of stereoselectivity. In this review, we focus first on the addition of organometallic reagents or other nucleophiles as enols or ylides to chiral N-sulfinylketimines. Then secondly we cover a selection of applications of these additions in the synthesis of valuable biologically active compounds.

1 Introduction

2 1,2-Addition Reaction Methodologies

2.1 Organolithium Reagent Additions

2.2 Grignard Additions

2.3 Organozinc Reagent Additions

2.4 Organoindium Reagent Additions

2.5 Organoboron Reagent Additions

2.6 Strecker Reactions

2.7 Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions

2.8 Enols, Enolates, and Other Deprotonated Reagent Additions

2.9 Ylide Additions

2.10 Heteroatom Nucleophiles

2.11 Miscellaneous Reactions

3 Applications to the Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules

4 Conclusions
Effect of Ointments of Sulphur or Pyrogenium on Larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Barros Giuliano Pereira de , Avilés Laura Livia Arias , Hillmann Maria Clara Huschel , Bricarello Patrizia Ana
Published: March 2022

Background Myiasis by Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a serious problem in animal health in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Ointment-type preparations are a good option of formulation in cases of myiasis in farm and pet animals. Sulphur and Pyrogenium have already shown in-vitro efficacy on C. hominivorax. This article describes an in-vitro experiment to test the inhibition of development from exposing larvae of C. hominivorax to two homeopathic ointments (prepared individually with Sulphur or Pyrogenium).

Methods The homeopathic ointments were produced by mixing sterile lanolin, tocopherol and homeopathic medicine on a hydroalcoholic basis according to the Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia. Larvae were obtained from naturally occurring myiases in sheep (wild larvae) or from a laboratory colony. The test consisted of exposing a group of 10 third-stage C. hominivorax wild larvae in contact with Sulphur or Pyrogenium ointment, or a group of 15 laboratory-propagated larvae in contact with the alcoholic vehicle of the ointment or homeopathic medicines prepared in sterile water (Sulphur or Pyrogenium), and observing the effect on the development, longevity and fertility of the blow-fly specimens.

Results The C. hominivorax larval inhibition rate was 90.0% for the Sulphur ointment group and was 86.0% for the Pyrogenium ointment group. The non-alcoholic vehicle and the alcoholic vehicle inhibited the development of 24.0% and 22.08% of the larvae respectively. Sulphur prepared in sterile water inhibited the development of 74.67% and Pyrogenium in sterile water inhibited 73.33% of larvae. Specimens that survived contact with homeopathic ointments had their longevity decreased and did not reproduce.

Conclusion Ointments of Sulphur or Pyrogenium were able to inhibit the development of C. hominivorax larvae. The ointment vehicle was harmless.
Posttraumatic Growth and Psychological Distress among Female Breast Cancer Survivors in India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Thakur Monika , Sharma Roopali , Mishra Anand Kumar , Singh Kulranjan
Published: March 2022

Introduction Breast cancer survivors (BCS) may experience a cascade of negative reactions during the entire treatment process in the form of psychiatric morbidity. However, exposure to a traumatic event also has the fertile ground for the potential to catalyze a host of positive changes, including development in personal, interpersonal, and spiritual levels, commonly referred to as posttraumatic growth (PTG). PTG is defined as “positive psychological change experienced due to a struggle with highly challenging life circumstances.”

Objective This study aims to measure the prevalence and correlates of PTG among BCS.

Materials and Methods It was a cross-sectional study carried in a tertiary care center of North India from January 2021 to April 2021. Total 700 BCS were approached and screened using the purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.

Results The mean age (standard deviation [SD]) of the patients was 43.14 (8.53) years. The mean (SD) PTG score was 37 (13.66). Among the subdomain of PTG, most respondents showed growth in personal strength, relating to others, followed by an appreciation of life, spiritual change, and less growth in new possibilities. PTG was found to be significantly positively correlated with treatment completion time (r = 2.260, p = 0.02) and negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress (r = –0.152, p = 0.04; r = –0.145, p = 0.05; r = –0.162, p = 0.02).

Conclusion Psychological morbidities must be addressed along with medical treatment of breast cancer so that growth post trauma can be further facilitated.
Cervical Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor in an Adult: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alencar Guilherme dos Santos de , Lucca Maria Eduarda Turczyn De , Mazzo Felipe Antonio Torres , Konozoe Milena Massumi , Jaouhari Eduardo Talib Bacchi , Morais Rodrigo Leite de , Barcelos Carlos Eliseu , Torres Rosângela Stadnick Lauth de Almeida
Published: March 2022

Introduction Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are rare neoplasms of the central nervous system that occur in children, with few reports in adults. These tumors are found most often in the cerebral hemispheres, with spinal cord disorders being rare.

Case Report A 71-year-old man with motor and sensory deficits in the upper limbs, cervical pain, and urinary incontinence presented to the Neurosurgery Service. The physical examination revealed grade-III motor strength on the right side, grade IV- on the left upper limb, and grade IV+ on the left lower limb. A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed an expansive intramedullary lesion with a C3-C4 epicenter. Spinal decompression, lesional biopsy, and adjuvant radiotherapy were performed. The anatomopathological report showed a primitive neuroectodermal tumor. After a new treatment with adjuvant radiotherapy (20 × 1.8 Gy in the skull and neuroaxis and 5 × 1.8 Gy in tumor boost), the patient progressed without recurrence.

Conclusion Since the characteristics of the tumor are similar to those of medulloblastoma, it is necessary to expand the studies on these lesions, to better understand their pathophysiology and list better diagnostic and therapeutic methods, in addition to those already available.
Increased Complications in Octogenarians Undergoing Same-Day Discharge following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Matched Cohort Analysis
Authors: Berger Peter Z. , Gu Alex , Fassihi Safa C. , Stake Seth , Bovonratwet Patawut , Gioia Casey , Palosaari Andrew , Campbell Joshua C. , Thakkar Savyasachi C.
Published: March 2022

Same-day discharge pathways in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are gaining popularity as a means to increase patient satisfaction and reduce overall costs, but these pathways have not been thoroughly evaluated in potentially at-risk populations, such as in patients ≥80 years old. The purpose of this study was to compare 90-day complications and mortality following same-day discharge after primary TKA in patients ≥80 years old and those <80 years old. Patients who underwent unilateral primary TKA, were discharged on postoperative day 0, and had a minimum 90-day follow-up were identified in a national insurance claims database (PearlDiver Technologies) using Current Procedural Terminology code 27447. These patients were stratified into two cohorts based upon age: (1) nonoctogenarians (<80 years old) and (2) octogenarians (≥80 years old). These cohorts were propensity matched based upon sex, Charlson comorbidity index, and obesity status. Univariate analysis was performed to determine differences in 90-day complications and mortality between the two cohorts. In total, 1,111 patients were included in each cohort. Both cohorts were successfully matched, with no observed differences in matched parameters for demographics or comorbidities. There was no significant difference in 90-day mortality between the two cohorts (p = 0.896). However, octogenarians were at significantly increased risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation (20.8 vs. 10.4%; p < 0.001), nonatrial fibrillation arrhythmias (8.4 vs. 5.6%; p = 0.009), pneumonia (4.5 vs. 2.2%; p = 0.002), stroke (3.1 vs. 1.7%; p = 0.037), heart failure (10.5 vs. 7.5%; p = 0.012), and urinary tract infection (UTI; 14.3 vs. 9.4%; p < 0.001) compared with the nonoctogenarian cohort. Relative to matched controls, octogenarians were at significantly increased risk of numerous 90-day medical complications following same-day primary TKA, including cardiopulmonary complications, stroke, and UTI. Clinicians should be cognizant of these complications and counsel patients appropriately when electing to perform same-day TKA in the octogenarian population.
Brain Abscess Caused by Eikenella corrodens in an Immunocompetent Child: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Karaaslan Ayse , Çetin Ceren , Altıntaş Alara , Süslü Hikmet Turan , Akin Yasemin
Published: March 2022

Objective Eikenella corrodens is a slow-growing, fastidious, non-motile, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacillus that is commonly found in the human oropharynx. Although many cases have been reported in the adult population, only few cases of brain abscesses caused by E.corrodens have been reported in children so far.

Methods Here, we reported the case of a 29-month-old female with complaints of weakness in the right leg twice in the past 3 weeks. Imaging studies revealed a brain abscess in the left parietofrontal lobe. The patient underwent surgery for abscess drainage, microbiological samples were obtained and empirical antibiotic treatment was started. Abscess culture showed the growth of E.corrodens. The bacteria were found to be sensitive to ceftriaxone; hence, the therapy was continued for 46 days with ceftriaxone. A final computed tomography showed the resolution of the abscess. The patient's clinical condition improved and she was discharged without any sequelae.

Conclusion Brain abscess should be considered when patients present with neurological deficits. As far as we know, there are only six reported cases of brain abscesses only due to E.corrodens in the pediatric population. Since it is a slow-growing pathogen, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for patient survival. This case supports the combination of surgical drainage and antibiotics for treatment.
CD24+ MDSC-DCs Induced by CCL5-Deficiency Showed Improved Antitumor Activity as Tumor Vaccines
Authors: Huang Lei , Ding Zequn , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2022

Background Dendritic cell (DC) tumor vaccine has been extensively utilized in preclinical and clinical studies; however, this technique has encountered many difficulties, particularly in late-stage tumor patients. For those, ex vivo-induced DCs are actuallymyeloid-derived suppressive cells-derived DCs (MDSC-DCs). MDSCs with immunosuppressive activity, but not monocytes, became the major DC precursor. Thus, how to enhance antitumor activity of MDSC-DCs is urgent need to address.

Methods We utilized 4T1 and MC38 tumor-bearing both wildtype and CC chemokine ligand 5−/− (CCL5−/−) mice as animal models. MDSC-DCs were induced from splenocytes of these mice by granulocyte macrophage–colony stimulating factor/interleukin-4 with or without all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in vitro for 7 days, then incubated with tumor-cell-lysis to treat mouse models for total three doses. For human MDSC-DCs, peripheral bloods from colorectal cancer patients were induced in vitro as murine cells with or without T- lymphocytes depletion to get rid of CCL5.

Results Flow cytometry analysis showed that MDSCs from CCL5
−/− mice could be induced into a new type of CD24+ MDSC-DCs in the presence of ATRA, which had more antitumor activity than control. Antibody blocking and adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that downregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) mediated the inhibition of CD24+ MDSC-DCs on tumor growth. Mechanically, CD24+ MDSC-DCs inhibited Tregs' polarization by secreting cytokine or coactivators' expression. What's important, decreasing CCL5 protein levels by T- lymphocytes depletion during both murine and human MDSC-DCs in vitro induction could also acquire CD24+ MDSC-DCs.

Conclusion Knockdown of CCL5 protein during MDSC-DCs culture might provide a promising method to acquire DC-based tumor vaccines with high antitumor activity.
Mid-Term Outcomes of a Hybrid Approach Involving Open Surgery Plus TEVAR of the Descending Aorta in the Treatment of Complex Type A Dissection
Authors: Li J. , Stadlbauer A. , Terrazas A. , Floerchinger B. , Pfister K. , Creutzenberg M. , Oikonomou K. , Schmid C. , Rupprecht L.
Published: March 2022

Objectives Type A aortic dissection with true lumen collapse and malperfusion downstream is associated with a devastating prognosis. This study compares the clinical outcomes of two operative strategies for this disease: hybrid approach of ascending aorta (and hemiarch replacement) supplemented with retrograde stenting of the descending aorta (thoracic endovascular aortic repair [TEVAR]) and standard ascending aorta (and hemiarch) replacement without stent placement.

Methods From January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019, 81 patients with type A aortic dissection were studied. The hybrid technique was applied in 30 patients (group 1), while 51 patients received standard surgical repair (group 2). Patient demographics, clinical and operative findings, postoperative outcome, follow-up interventions, and mid-term survival were analyzed.

Results Baseline characteristics were similar among the groups, except that more preoperative malperfusion was evident in group 1. The postoperative incidence of visceral malperfusion (0 vs. 15.7%, p = 0.02) and low cardiac output syndrome requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (3.3 vs. 19.6%, p = 0.04) was significantly less in group 1. In-hospital mortality was also significantly lower in group 1 as in group 2 (13.3 vs. 33.3%, p = 0.04). At follow-up, the need for secondary endovascular stenting (3.3 vs. 7.8%, p = 0.65) and surgical aortic reintervention (6.7 vs. 2.0%, p = 0.55) was comparable. One-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were 83.3, 83.3, and 62.5% in group 1, and 58.7, 58.7, and 52.6% in group 2 (p = 0.05), respectively.

Conclusion The combination of open surgical replacement of the ascending aorta (and hemiarch) with TEVAR of the descending aorta for true lumen compromise is a feasible treatment option for patients with type A aortic dissection and is associated with a better perioperative outcome and improved mid-term survival rate.
Holohemispheric Prostate Carcinoma Dural Metastasis Mimicking Subdural Hematoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sukumaran Madhav , Mao Qinwen , Cantrell Donald R. , Jahromi Babak S. , Potts Matthew B.
Published: March 2022

Prostate carcinomas are the most common malignancy to metastasize to the dura. These metastases can commonly mimic subdural hematomas and may similarly present with brain compression. The optimal management and outcomes after surgical management are not well characterized. We present a case of prostate carcinoma metastatic to the dura that was initially thought to be a large isodense subdural hematoma and was treated with surgical decompression. We also review the literature regarding prostate dural metastases mimicking subdural hematomas and discuss the relevant imaging findings, treatments, and outcomes. Dural metastasis should be considered when a patient with known metastatic prostate cancer presents with imaging evidence of a subdural mass.
Nicotine Dependence and Incident Hip Replacement Surgery in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, TRINET-X, 2021
Authors: Wiener R. Constance , Gaydos Melissa Suann , Cochran Jill , Morgan Susan
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research is to examine the association between nicotine dependence (yes, no) and hip replacement (yes, no) among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data were obtained through the TRINET-X data depository of 18 years or older patients with T2DM and nicotine dependence history. Then, the incidence of hip replacement surgery was determined. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to determine the risk of hip replacement surgery. After PSM, the risk ratio of hip replacement surgery among people with T2DM was 1.45 (95% confidence interval: 1.45, 1.57; p < 0.0001) for those who had nicotine dependence versus those who did not. Nicotine dependence among people with T2DM was identified as a risk factor for future hip replacement need. Patients who have nicotine dependence should be cautioned about this potential risk.
Childhood-Onset Myasthenia Gravis Patients Benefited from Thymectomy in a Long-Term Follow-up Observation
Authors: Zhang Qing , Cao Yayun , Bi Zhuajin , Ma Xue , Yang Mengge , Gao Huajie , Gui Mengcui , Bu Bitao
Published: March 2022

Introduction The effect of thymectomy on the treatment of childhood-onset myasthenia gravis (CMG) remains debatable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome and relevant prognostic factors of thymectomy for CMG patients.

Materials and Methods A total of 32 CMG patients who underwent thymectomy before 18 years of age were included in this retrospective study. Clinical state following thymectomy was assessed by quantified myasthenia gravis (QMG) scores, myasthenia gravis–related activities of daily living (MG-ADL) scores, and Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America postintervention status. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined the changes in postoperative scores during the 5-year follow-up. Univariate logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with short-term (1-year postoperation) and long-term (5-year postoperation) clinical outcomes.

Results Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that QMG scores (F = 6.737, p < 0.001) and MG-ADL scores (F = 7.923, p < 0.001) decreased gradually with time. Preoperative duration (odds ratio [OR] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73–1.00, p = 0.043), gender (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.04–0.94, p = 0.041), and MG subgroup (OR = 13.33, 95% CI: 1.43–123.99, p = 0.023) were predictors for 1-year postoperative prognosis. Shorter disease duration (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.97, p = 0.018) and generalized CMG (OR = 6.11, 95% CI: 1.06–35.35, p = 0.043) were found to have more favorable long-term results.

Conclusion Our results suggest that thymectomy is effective in treating CMG. Thymectomy could be recommended for CMG patients, especially for patients in the early course of GMG.
The “Wind Surf” Deformity—Correcting Fixed Flexion Deformity and Hyperextension in Bilateral CAS TKA
Authors: Jhurani Anoop , Sheth Neil P. , Agarwal Piyush , Aswal Mukesh , Srivastava Mudit
Published: March 2022

Severe knee arthritis can result in complex coronal and sagittal angular deformities. Windswept deformity is used to describe a varus deformity and contralateral valgus deformity. We recognized a new sagittal pattern at the time of computer-assisted surgery (CAS) in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in which one knee has a fixed flexion deformity (FFD), while the contralateral knee has a hyperextension deformity. We propose to define it as “wind surf” deformity mimicking the opposite pull of the wind and a surfer. The incidence of “wind surf” deformity in this series was 0.96% among a cohort of 2,291 bilateral TKAs performed between 2013 and 2018. Twenty-two patients were identified with an FFD of 5° to 20° on one knee and recurvatum of −5° to −20° on the contralateral knee. Additional bone resection and soft-tissue releases were performed for the FFD with a goal to maintain residual 1° to 3° of flexion. Minimal bone resection and soft-tissue disruption were performed on the knee with hyperextension with a goal to maintain 5° to 7° of flexion. These opposite strategies applied with the help of CAS prevented recurrence resulting in satisfactory clinical results at 2-year follow-up. The “wind surf” deformity variant should be identified in patients presenting with severe knee arthritis to guide surgical treatment, prevent recurrence, and obtain favorable clinical patient outcomes.
Impact of Early Enteral Nutrition on the Hospital Stay of Pediatric Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Zevallos Marcelo Sebastian Carpio , Jara Katherine Susana Sobrado , Ramírez Cielo Arminda Cabanillas , Carreazo Nilton Yhuri
Published: March 2022

Early initiation of enteral nutrition (EN) in pediatrics has been associated with improved clinical outcomes in critically ill pediatric patients. This research study aimed to measure the effect of early EN in intubated children on the length of stay (LOS) and days of mechanical ventilation (DMV). A retrospective cohort observational study was performed on patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). We gathered the information from available medical records. Our exposure variable was EN, which can be classified as either early-onset (less than 72 hours following PICU admission) or late-onset (greater than or equal to 72 hours following PICU admission). The response variables were LOS defined as the period of time from either hospital or PICU admission to the time of hospital discharge and DMV defined as the length of time from endotracheal intubation to successful extubation. Late EN was associated with an increase in both hospital LOS consisting of 9.82 days and PICU LOS consisting of 5.89 days, and DMV consisting of 3.92 days compared with those patients receiving early EN. In addition, the disruption of EN was also associated with an increased hospital LOS consisting of 10.7 days. Patients in the PICU, undergoing mechanical ventilation, who received late EN have an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes consisting of prolonged hospital LOS, PICU-LOS, and DMV which may be further aggravated by any disruption of EN.
A novel conservative system with hidden flows evolved from the simplest memristive circuit
Authors: Ji’e Musha , Yan Dengwei , Du Xinyu , Duan Shukai , Wang Lidan
Published: March 2022

Over the past few decades, the research of dissipative chaotic systems has yielded many achievements in both theory and application. However, attractors in dissipative systems are easily reconstructed by the attacker, which leads to information security problems. Compared with dissipative systems, conservative ones can effectively avoid these reconstructing attacks due to the absence of attractors. Therefore, conservative systems have advantages in chaos-based applications. Currently, there are still relatively few studies on conservative systems. For this purpose, based on the simplest memristor circuit in this paper, a non-Hamiltonian 3D conservative system without equilibria is proposed. The phase volume conservatism is analyzed by calculating the divergence of the system. Furthermore, a Kolmogorov-type transformation suggests that the Hamiltonian energy is not conservative. The most prominent property in the conservative system is that it exhibits quasi-periodic 3D tori with heterogeneous coexisting and different amplitude rescaling trajectories triggered by initial values. In addition, the results of Spectral Entropy analysis and NIST test show that the system can produce pseudo-random numbers with high randomness. To the best of our knowledge, there is no 3D conservative system with such complex dynamics, especially in a memristive conservative system. Finally, the analog circuit of the system is designed and implemented to test its feasibility as well.
Diagnosing flux penetration condition of the Mo/Au bilayer transition-edge sensor
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhang Shuo
Published: March 2022

The magnetic-field-dependence critical current Ic(Ha) is measured for the Mo/Au bilayer transition-edge sensors. A model based on a surface barrier delaying the first penetration of magnetic flux into a flat superconducting strip, including both the geometrical and Bean–Livingston barrier, in combination with two Josephson junction models with different characteristic lengths, is found to ubiquitously fit the Ic(Ha) curves of devices with various geometry designs. The bulk penetration depth, London depairing current density, Josephson junction critical current, self-field coupling coefficient, and conditions of the first vortex entry are investigated throughout the superconducting transition. The evidences of Josephson effect are observed in both Fraunhofer interference pattern and Shapiro steps.
Damage detection of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite materials based on one-dimensional multi-scale residual convolution neural network
Authors: Ma A. Min , Yu B. Jie , Fan C. Wenru , Cao D. Zhubing
Published: March 2022

Carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have been widely applied in the aerospace industry, and the health conditions of CFRPs largely affect aerospace safety. Due to the limitations of traditional detection methods, electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has been gradually applied in the damage detection of CFRP composite materials. Aiming at the problems of poor imaging quality and low identification rate in the traditional EIT reconstruction algorithm, an EIT algorithm based on the one-dimensional multi-scale residual convolution neural network (1D-MSK-ResNet) is proposed in this paper. A “voltage vector-conductivity media distribution” dataset is first established, and the training results of the testing dataset are used to verify and evaluate the algorithm. Simulation and experimental results indicated that the 1D-MSK-ResNet EIT algorithm could enhance the ability of damage identification and significantly improve the imaging quality.
Parametric study and scaling of Mach 1.5 jet manipulation using steady fluidic injection
Authors: Khan Aqib , Nageswara Rao A. , Baghel Trishank , Perumal Arun Kumar , Kumar Rakesh
Published: March 2022

We present the experimental investigation conducted to study the mixing characteristics of a Mach 1.5 jet manipulation using steady fluidic injection. Two important parameters are investigated, namely, the number of injectors, N, and the mass flow rate ratio of the injector jet to the main jet, Cm, along with the expansion ratio of the main jet, pe/pa, where pe and pa are the nozzle exit and atmospheric pressures, respectively. The jet mixing quantified as a measure of supersonic core length, Lc*, strongly depends on N, Cm, and pe/pa. Two distinct regions behind the jet manipulation are identified, and a physical reasoning based on pe/pa is presented using Pitot pressure measurements and Schlieren images. Empirical scaling analysis conducted on the experimental data for Lc* = f1(N, Cm, Ui/Uj, pe/pa) is reduced to Lc* = f2(MRNγMj2pe/pa), where MRN is the momentum ratio of the individual injector jet to the main jet, expressed as MRN = Cm,NUiUj and Cm,N = Cm/N. Here, U is the velocity, and suffixes “i” and “j” represent the injector and the main jet, respectively. Discussion conducted based on the scaling laws provides important insight into the optimal choice of injector diameter and the injection pressure ratio for practical utility.
Deep-learning-based super-resolution reconstruction of high-speed imaging in fluids
Authors: Wang Zhibo , Li Xiangru , Liu Luhan , Wu Xuecheng , Hao Pengfei , Zhang Xiwen , He Feng
Published: March 2022

In many fluid experiments, we can only obtain low-spatial high-temporal resolution flow images and high-spatial low-temporal resolution flow images due to the limitation of high-speed imaging systems. To solve this problem, we proposed a degradation and super-resolution attention model (D-SRA) using unsupervised machine learning to super-resolution reconstruct high resolution (HR) time-resolved fluid images from coarse data. Unlike the prior research to increase the resolution of coarse data artificially generated by simple bilinear down-sampling, our model that consists of a degradation neural network and a super-resolution neural network aims to learn the mappings between experimental low-resolution data and corresponding HR data. What is more, channel and spatial attention modules are also adopted in D-SRA to facilitate the restoration of abundant and critical details of flow fields. The proposed model is validated by two high-speed schlieren experiments of under-expanded impinging supersonic jets. The comprehensive capability of D-SRA is statistically analyzed based on the synthetic unpaired schlieren images. The spatial-resolution of coarse images can be successfully augmented by 42 times and 82 times with most physical details recovered perfectly, which outperforms the existing method. The D-SRA also exhibits considerable generalization and robustness against unknown-degenerated schlieren images. Moreover, the practicability of the proposed method is also further explored on real unpaired jets schlieren images. It is convincingly demonstrated that the present study successfully surpasses the performance limitations of high-speed cameras and has significant applications in various fluid experiments to obtain flow images with high spatial and temporal resolution.
An in situ stretching instrument combined with low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): Rheo-Spin NMR
Authors: Xia Zhijie , Wang Yusong , Gong Ke , Chen Wei
Published: March 2022

An in situ stretching instrument combined with low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) was designed and developed, namely, Rheo-Spin NMR. The time resolved stress–strain curve together with the corresponding NMR signal can be simultaneously obtained. The Rheo-Spin NMR contains the functional modules, including (1) the in situ stretching module, (2) the NMR signal acquisition module, and (3) the cavity of the NMR positioning module. The unique ring-like shape of the sample is used to replace the traditional dumbbell sample due to limited space in the NMR probe, and the whole ring-like sample will be deformed during the uniaxial stretching process, which avoids the generation of interference signals from the undeformed sample. The designed stretching assembly made by zirconia ceramics is manufactured to match and stretch the ring-like samples. The strain rate can be tuned within the range of 10−5–10−2 s−1 with the maximum stretching ratio λmax of ∼3.8. The in situ stretching experiments combined with LF-NMR were carried out successfully with natural rubber of different fractions of carbon black. The time-resolved T2 relaxometry was adopted to evaluate segmental relaxation during uniaxial deformation which, for the first time, provides the direct and in situ molecular dynamics information. The Rheo-Spin NMR is promising to provide more in-depth insights into the structure and dynamics evolution of polymer products under real service conditions.
Generative modeling of turbulence
Authors: Drygala C. , Winhart B. , di Mare F. , Gottschalk H.
Published: March 2022

We present a mathematically well-founded approach for the synthetic modeling of turbulent flows using generative adversarial networks (GAN). Based on the analysis of chaotic, deterministic systems in terms of ergodicity, we outline a mathematical proof that GAN can actually learn to sample state snapshots from the invariant measure of the chaotic system. Based on this analysis, we study a hierarchy of chaotic systems starting with the Lorenz attractor and then carry on to the modeling of turbulent flows with GAN. As training data, we use fields of velocity fluctuations obtained from large-eddy simulations (LES). Two architectures are investigated in detail: we use a deep, convolutional GAN (DCGAN) to synthesize the turbulent flow around a cylinder. We furthermore simulate the flow around a low-pressure turbine stator using the pix2pixHD architecture for a conditional DCGAN being conditioned on the position of a rotating wake in front of the stator. The settings of adversarial training and the effects of using specific GAN architectures are explained. We thereby show that GAN are efficient in simulating turbulence in technically challenging flow problems on the basis of a moderate amount of training data. GAN training and inference times significantly fall short when compared with classical numerical methods, in particular, LES, while still providing turbulent flows in high resolution. We furthermore analyze the statistical properties of the synthesized and LES flow fields, which agree excellently. We also show the ability of the conditional GAN to generalize over changes of geometry by generating turbulent flow fields for positions of the wake that are not included in the training data.
Spiral instability modes on rotating cones in high-Reynolds number axial flow
Authors: Tambe Sumit , Schrijer Ferry , Veldhuis Leo , Gangoli Rao Arvind
Published: March 2022

This work shows the behavior of an unstable boundary-layer on rotating cones in high-speed flow conditions: high Reynolds number Rel>106, low rotational speed ratio S<1–1.5, and inflow Mach number M = 0.5. These conditions are most-commonly encountered on rotating aeroengine nose cones of transonic cruise aircraft. Although it has been addressed in several past studies, the boundary-layer instability on rotating cones remains to be explored in high-speed inflow regimes. This work uses infrared-thermography with a proper orthogonal decomposition approach to detect instability-induced flow structures by measuring their thermal footprints on rotating cones in high-speed inflow. The observed surface temperature patterns show that the boundary-layer instability induces spiral modes on rotating cones, which closely resemble the thermal footprints of the spiral vortices observed in past studies at low-speed flow conditions: Rel<105, S > 1, and M≈0. Three cones with half-cone angles ψ=15°, 30°, and 40° are tested. For a given cone, the Reynolds number relating to the maximum amplification of the spiral vortices is found to follow an exponential relation with the rotational speed ratio S, extending from the low- to high-speed regime. At a given rotational speed ratio S, the spiral vortex angle appears to be as expected from the low-speed studies, irrespective of the half-cone angle.
The Dutch connection of Bob de Vogel
Authors: Van den Akker Harry E. A.
Published: March 2022

This contribution to the journal issue commemorating Professor Robert Byron Bird focuses on his Dutch connection, which dates back to as early as 1950. Bird twice spent a semester-long period at (the current) Delft University of Technology. The development over time of two different schools of teaching transport phenomena and their mutual influencing are reviewed in quite some detail. The cornerstone in both schools is the analogy between the transport modes for mass, momentum, and energy. However, the role of fluid mechanics and its treatment is different. In addition, the didactic concepts underpinning the textbooks from the two schools are rather different as well, both having their pros and cons. This is illustrated for the mechanical energy balance and its derivation.