bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Malaria and Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Usluca Selma
Published: October 2024

It is an endemic vector-borne parasitic disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. In each endemic area, malaria is transmitted by a specific set of Anopheles species. Plasmodium consists of over 200 species, infecting mammals, birds, and reptiles, and malaria parasites generally tend to be host-specific. Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium knowlesi are the five known species of the genus Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. Of the five Plasmodium species that cause malaria in humans, P. falciparum causes severe malaria. P. vivax is the most widespread malaria parasite globally. P. malariae is the least frequent and pathogenic, causing mainly asymptomatic infections with submicroscopic parasitemia, leading to low morbidity and mortality, although it can occasionally evolve with chronic renal disease. Different malaria species require distinct treatment regimens. Early and accurate diagnosis to specifically identify the infecting agent among all five malarial species is thus crucial for correct treatment and disease control. Prompt treatment is key to averting severe malaria and relies on access to accurate diagnosis and effective therapeutics. Several methods, such as microscopy-based analysis, rapid diagnostic test (RDT), serological methods, and molecular methods are available to diagnose malaria. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), which have advantages, such as high sensitivity and processivity and the capacity to identify drug-resistant strains, despite being more time consuming and expensive than microscopy and RDTs. PCR-based tests are also ideal for diagnosing mixed Plasmodium infections. However, PCR reliance on electricity, costly reagents and laboratory facilities for sample preparation have limited PCR to reference laboratories. To eliminate malaria, control and prevention efforts are necessary to reduce the prevalence of the disease and limit the development of drug resistance of the parasite. This requires a robust monitoring and surveillance system. Vector surveillance, larvae and vector control are also important. Vaccines and more recently, the use of monoclonal antibodies is needed for control of the disease. Enhanced surveillance and investigation of Plasmodium spp. genetic variations will contribute to the successful diagnosis and treatment of malaria in future.
Toxoplasma Gondii and Molecular Diagnosis
Authors: Yucesan Banucicek
Published: October 2024

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic disease that exists in many countries around the world, can affect many vertebrates, including birds, and is extremely concerning for hygienic conditions. That protozoan was first detected in the rodent Ctenodactylus gundi by Nicolle and Manceaux (1908) in Tunisia. Later, in 1909, this parasite was identified as a new protozoan and was named T. gondii (Nicolle and Manceaux 1909). Wolf et al. (1939) revealed congenital toxoplasmosis for the first time and its transplacental transmission was elucidated. The entire development and biology of tissue cysts and bradyzoites were explained by Dubey et al. (1998). The first acquired case was reported by Sabin (1941) as encephalitis in a child. Later, the Sabin Feldman Dye test, which is still accepted as the gold standard today, was described (Sabin and Feldman, 1948). Definitive and intermediate hosts of T. gondii were described by Frenkel et al. (1970) and it was proven that felines produce fecal oocysts. Today, T. gondii is a protozoan that is well known morphologically and molecularly, and much progress has been made in its identification. This study is a study examining molecular approaches for T. gondii.
Analisis Risiko K3 pada Aktivitas Pembuatan Pagar di Bengkel Las Makmur Jaya Kabupaten Cilacap
Authors: Sari Dyah Nur Indah , Saptadi Julian Dwi
Published: October 2024

Manajemen risiko K3 merupakan usaha untuk mengelola risiko K3 untuk mencegah kecelakaan kerja secara sistematis dan terstruktur. Pencegahan risiko kecelakaan kerja dapat menggunakan metode HIRADC. Bengkel Las Makmur Jaya merupakan usaha bidang sektor informal yang bergerak dibidang fabrikasi. Selama proses pembuatan pagar berlangsung, terdapat beberapa aktifitas seperti penggerindaan, pengelasan, pengecatan. Tingkat kesadaran para pekerja dalam penggunaan APD dinilai masih kurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis bahaya dan risiko K3 pada proses pembuatan pagar di Bengkel Las Makmur Jaya. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Bahaya yang ditimbulkan saat proses pembuatan pagar ialah bahaya ergonomi, radiasi, listrik, mekanik, asap dan gas, fisika, kimiawi, api/panas,dan bahaya debu. Hasil penilaian risiko proses pembuatan pagar ialah terdapat 18  risiko rendah, 26 risiko sedang dan  21 risiko tinggi. Pengendalian yang telah dilakukan oleh Bengkel Las Makmur Jaya ialah pengendalian administratif dan penggunaan APD. Pembuatan pagar terdapat 4 tahapan, dengan jumlah tingkat risiko yang berbeda pada tiap tahapannya. Tahap pra-fabrikasi terdapat 2 risiko rendah, tahap fabrikasi 7 risiko rendah, 8 risiko sedang dan 5 risiko tinggi, tahap pemasangan pagar dengan 9 risiko rendah, 16 risiko sedang dan 15 risiko tinggi, tahap finishing 2 risiko sedang dan 1 risiko tinggi
Manajemen Risiko Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja pada Pekerja di Pabrik Tahu Tugumulyo Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Mustakim Meliyanto Taufik
Published: October 2024

Pabrik tahu Tugumulyo, Sumatera Selatan merupakan industri yang sudah beroperasi sejak tahun 2014 yang bergerak dibidang produksi tahu dan memiliki 4 orang pekerja. Selain menimbulkan dampak yang positif, pabrik tahu yang aktif beroperasi ini juga menimbulkan dampak yang negatif terutama bagi pekerja di sana. Di industri produksi makanan rentan terjadi kecelakaan yang menimpa pekerja dikarenakan potensi bahaya yang ada di lingkungan kerja dan berisiko mengakibatkan kecelakaan kerja. Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan pada tanggal 25 Maret 2022 dari hasil pengamatan ditemukan beberapa permasalahan, salah satunya pada saat bekerja mereka mengalami cidera ringan, terpleset dan terluka yang diakibatkan kurangnya hati-hati dalam bekerja serta kondisi lingkungan kerja yang terlihat tidak baik seperti lantai yang licin, tidak menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri salah seperti Apron, sepatu boot dan sarung tangan. Sedangkan Sikap juga berpengaruh terhadap perilaku tidak aman karena kurangnya kepedulian pekerja terhadap keselamatan diri sendiri sehingga mudah terjadinya kecelakaan kerja. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan ialah observasional. Proses penilaian risiko mengacu pada Construction Industry Standard 25:2018. Identifikasi risiko dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC). Metode ini dimulai dengan mengklasifikasikan aktivitas kerja, mengidentifikasi kemungkinan bahaya yang terjadi di tempat kerja kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penilaian risiko lalu memberikan rekomendasi pengendalian bahaya dan risiko sehingga diharapkan dapat meminimalisir tingkat risiko. Subjek pada penelitian kali ini berjumlah 3 orangpekerja. Pemilihan informan pada penelitian ini yaitu dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik Snowball Sampling. Penilaian risiko menggunakan metode Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control pada proses produksi Tahu di Pabrik Tugumulyo terdapat 12 sumber bahaya tingkat low, 26 sumber bahaya tingkat medium dan 2 sumber bahaya tingkat high. Aktivitas kerja perebusan dan penggorengan memiliki sumber bayaha yang berada pada tingkat risiko high yaitu suhu lingkungan kerja yang tinggi, sementara sumber bahaya yang terdapat hampir disemua aktivitas kerja adalah lantai yang licin dan basah. Pada proses pembuatan Tahu di Pabrik Tahu Tugumulyo Sumatera Selatan terdapat 6 sumber bahaya yaitu physical hazard, mechanical hazard, ergonomic hazard, electricity hazard, sound hazard, dan vibration hazard. Pengendalian risiko sementara yang dapat diterapkan yaitu  Engineering controls pada sebagian peralatan produksi serta penggunaan PPE controls berupa sepatu boot dan apron. Rekomendasi pengendalian yang dibuat pada manajemen risiko berupa Elimination, Substitution, Engineering controls, Administrative controls, dan Personal protective equipment (PPE).
Leukocytic platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) versus subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) using tunneling technique in treatment of gingival recession: Randomize controlled clinical study
Authors: JOUNI Joulia , BADR Ahmed , ABOELSAAD Nayer
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Gingival recession is a problem encountered daily in clinical practice, its etiology is often a multifactorial one. Surgical treatment is the only method to reverse this condition.
Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of leukocytic platelet rich fibrins (L-PRF) versus subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) in the management of recession defects Miller’s class I or II (RT1) using the tunnel technique (TUN).
Methods: 20 systemically healthy patients were allocated randomly to TUN with L-PRF (group A), and TUN with SCTG (group B). Probing depth, clinical attachment level, recession depth, width of keratinized tissue, gingival thickness, and recession esthetic score and wound healing index are clinical variables measured at baseline,14 days, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively.
Results: Significant improvement in mean CAL, and RD for both groups, and significant difference in GT and WKT for group B as well as higher RES. A significant difference was also recorded in group A for WHI
Conclusions: Both grafting modalities in combination with tunnel technique improved gingival phenotype switching. Although SCTG gives higher esthetic and functional results including better color matching, tissue contour and increased width of keratinized tissue, L-PRF has superior healing properties and can be used as an alternative to treat multiple gingival recession defects where the need of second surgical site is eliminated.
Comparison between Hyaluronic Acid and Chlorhexidine in the treatment of Orthodontically induced gingival enlargement: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: SALEH Sahar , ABOELSAAD Nayer , OSMAN Aly
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The study aimed to assess and compare the effectiveness of chlorhexidine and hyaluronic acid when used as an adjuvant to professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) in the treatment of orthodontically induced gingival enlargement.
Methods: The study conducted was a randomized controlled clinical trial involving 45 patients. The patients will be categorized into 3 groups; control group receiving conventional PMPR, study 1 group receiving PMPR and chlorhexidine (CHX), and study 2 group receiving PMPR and hyaluronic acid (HA). Probing depth (PD), Gingival overgrowth index (GOI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), and plaque index (PI), will be recorded at baseline, 1 month, 2 months, and 4 months’ post therapy. A bivariate analysis was conducted to evaluate the parameters in function of the three study groups, and to evaluate the changes in PD and GBI between baseline, month 1, month 2 and month 4 in the three study groups.
Results: A significant reduction in probing depth and gingival bleeding was observed in the three groups (p 0.05). The change in PD, PI, GBI and GOI was more in Group 1 and Group 2 than in the control group. Hyaluronic acid demonstrated the same effect of chlorhexidine.
Conclusions: HA is just as effective as CHX in treating gingival enlargement. Based on the acceptance of HA by patients generally and the negative effects of CHX, HA may be a potential alternative to CHX.
Influence of the margin design on the fracture resistance of implant supported monolithic zirconia crowns: An “In Vitro” Study
Authors: HADDAD Camille , HAROUNY Ryan , NASR Lara , CORBANI Karim , TASSIDIS Ronn
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this in vitro study was to test the influence of the margin design of implant supported monolithic zirconia crowns and test if monolithic zirconia crowns with extra fine finish line thickness cemented on zirconia implant abutments can bare the maximum masticatory forces on molars and hence be used in the posterior region.
Methods: Fourteen identical monolithic zirconia crowns cemented on zirconia implant abutments mounted on titanium bases and fixed on implant replicas embedded in PMMA resin were divided into two groups: group I designed with a 0.5 mm CFL (CFL) and group II with a feather-edge finish line (FEFL) of 0.3 mm. All specimens underwent static load until fracture in order to determine the break force. Break forces in N were recorded for each group.
Results: The CFL group exhibited slightly higher fracture resistance (1879.14 ± 322.28 N) compared to the feather-edge finish line group (1685.00 ± 362.18 N). However, statistical analysis revealed that the observed difference between the two groups (194.14 ± 183.24; p = 0.310) was not significant.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both monolithic zirconia crowns with 0.5 mm chamfer and 0.3 mm feather edge margins cemented on zirconia implant abutments can be used in the posterior region as their resistance to fracture is similar and surpasses the maximum masticatory force applied on molars.
Clinical and Radiographic evaluation of bone remodeling around implants placed in horizontally augmented bone: A Pilot Study
Authors: EL-KHOURY Nadim , MENASSA Gabriel , CHAKAR Carole , KASSIR Abdel Rahman , NAAMAN Nada
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Marginal bone loss after implant placement is one of the most used criteria to assess the success of osseointegrated implants over time. The type of implant connection and implant surface type are reported to have an influence on bone remodeling around the placed implants. This study aimed to evaluate marginal bone loss around two implant systems with different connections and surfaces in horizontally augmented sites.
Methods: This randomized control pilot study included 8 implants placed in 3 patients who needed implant placement in previously horizontally grafted sites. The placed implants were divided into two groups: group 1 consisting of implants with external connection and a hybrid design, and group 2 including implants with an internal connection and a fully etched surface. Clinical and radiographical measurements were taken at baseline, during the surgery, and up to one year after loading to evaluate marginal bone loss around the two different implants placed in grafted sites.
Results: All implants were retained at all follow-up periods and healing was uneventful. There were similar Marginal Bone Loss (MBL) and soft tissue changes around both types of implants. Group 2 implants had higher MBL, however, the difference was not statistically significative.
Conclusions: Preliminary analysis suggest that full surface etching does not seem to negatively influence marginal bone loss around implants placed in augmented bone.
Correlation of the initial bone height to the middle facial height and the maxillary sinus volume: A Retrospective Study
Authors: BOU CHAAYA Mark , MENASSA Gabriel , GHOSN Nabil , NICOLAS Joyce , NAAMAN Nada
Published: October 2024

This study aims to measure and establish a correlation between the initial bone height (IBH) at the dentate posterior maxillary sextants to the middle facial height (MFH) and the maxillary sinus volume (SV). Thirty CBCTs split evenly between males and females were retrospectively selected and processed to measure the SV and the IBH from the first premolar to the second molar. A clinical measurement was performed on each patient to evaluate the MFH. A significant positive correlation was found between MFH and SV. No significant correlation was found between the IBH of the first premolar and the SV or MFH on both sides. The results showed a significant negative correlation between the IBH of the other teeth examined and the SV on both sides. A significant negative correlation was found between the MFH and the IBH of the second premolar, first molar, and second molar of each side. It can be concluded that the maxillary SV increases with the MFH, and the IBH decreases when the SV and the MFH increase except for the first premolar. The clinical relevance of this study lies in the capability of the general practitioner to estimate the IBH in the posterior dentate maxilla by measuring the MFH. Patients with a risk of having a low IBH can be advised, in the case of an extracted tooth, to consider ridge preservation techniques or implant therapy as soon as possible to avoid future complex surgical interventions.
Cone beam computed tomographic assessment of radiographic changes after indirect pulp capping using diode lasers and silver diamine fluoride in permanent molars with deep carious lesions
Authors: EL-TAYEB Mohamed M.N. , NABEEL Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Aim: To compare the preservation of pulp vitality by indirect pulp capping using Diode laser and Silver Diamine Flouride in management of deep carious lesions.
Methods: Thirty patients with an age range of 18-46 years were selected and randomly divided into 3 equal groups: Group 1 (Control group): indirect pulp capping was performed using Biodentine, Group 2: Diode laser with an output power of 0.5 watt was applied before Biodentine placement, and Group 3: Application of Silver Diamine Flouride followed by Biodentine. Pre-operative clinical assessment and radiographs were performed before intervention and then the patients received their treatment and final restorations. Follow-up with clinical assessments was performed after 3 and 6 months. Cone beam computed tomography was performed at the day of intervention and after 6 months. Clinical and Radiographic data were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed to compare between the success rates of indirect pulp capping using diode laser, Silver Diamine Flouride and Biodentine in management of deep carious lesions.
Results: The results of clinical assessment for all groups have shown success rate of 100%. The remaining dentin thickness was significantly increased in all study groups after application of intervention. Also, the remaining dentin density showed significant increase in all groups, where Diode laser application with an output power of 0.5 watt group was significantly higher than the control group, with no significant difference between other groups.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of the current study, the following can be concluded: 1. Using Biodentine in indirect pulp capping is the treatment of choice in management of deep carious lesions. 2. Silver Diamine Flouride can be used as an alternative indirect pulp capping material. 3. Diode laser can show promising results in terms of Cavity Disinfection & can have better biomodulating outcomes on the pulpal tissue healing and repair.
Aloe vera in dentistry: current status and future prospects
Authors: ABU-SEIDA Ashraf M. Abu-Seida , SEIF Heba
Published: October 2024

This review declares the chemical composition, pharmacological actions, clinical applications, adverse reactions and future prospects of Aloe vera (AV) in the field of dentistry. Literature pertinent to Aloe vera in dental practice was explored in databases like PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. The relevant literature was reviewed and critically appraised in this review. Aloe vera is a miracle plant that has been applied as herbal therapy for thousands of years due to its multiple health benefits. In dental practice, AV has different applications and it attracts the attention of researchers due to its natural origin, low cytotoxicity, and various biological actions like anti-microbial, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, wound healing, and antineoplastic actions. Therefore, it has been used for treatment of oral lesions, endodontic lesions, periodontal disease, oral wounds, and alveolar osteitis as well as in tissue engineering, reduction of plaque formation, decontamination of Gutta percha, around dental implants and others. AV has been used in treatment and prevention of several other oral and dental problems. Nevertheless, it has a lot to offer in the dental practice and future studies are recommended to maximize its beneficial role in the field of dentistry.
Nanoparticles in dentistry: A Review
Authors: NAMBIAR Pallavi , MADHU Priyanka Paul , RECH Amit , MOHARIL Shambhavi
Published: October 2024

Nanotechnology finds frequent application in everyday life, particularly in the field of medicine. Due to the capabilities of nanotechnology, examining and manipulating atoms, chemical bonds, and molecules between substances is a relatively straightforward task. When applied in the field of dentistry it is referred to as “nano dentistry”. Nanoparticles which are believed to possess superior efficacy, find significant usage in dentistry, primarily in the prevention and treatment of oral disorders, as well as the maintenance of good oral health and hygiene. Nanoparticles possess distinct characteristics such as their surface to volume ratio, antimicrobial activity, physical, mechanical and biological properties, as well as their particle size. This article provides an overview of the various nanoparticles utilized in dentistry and their respective contributions to the field.
El impacto de los mosquitos en la salud humana y animal
Authors: Palavecino Cintia C. , Facelli-Fernández Florencia
Published: October 2024

Recientemente en la Argentina ha habido un aumento en la población de mosquitos en zonas donde normalmente no se registraba un crecimiento explosivo. Este fenómeno ha generado preocupación tanto entre expertos como en la población en general, surgiendo interrogantes acerca de las causas detrás de este aumento y del riesgo que representa para la salud humana y animal. En Argentina se han registrado 242 especies de mosquitos hasta el momento, de las cuales hay tres principales géneros de importancia sanitaria: Aedes, Anopheles y Culex. Alrededor del 90% de los arbovirus que afectan a los humanos son transmitidos por mosquitos. Algunas de las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos en la Argentina incluyen el dengue, el zika, la fiebre amarilla, la fiebre chikungunya y la encefalitis. Estas enfermedades pueden tener síntomas leves o graves e incluso pueden ser mortales. El clima, la urbanización y el cambio en el uso de la tierra son factores que influyen en la propagación de estas enfermedades. Es importante tomar medidas de prevención y promoción de la salud, como la vigilancia y el control de los mosquitos, así como la educación y concientización de la comunidad. Adoptar un enfoque integral que abarque la salud humana, animal y ambiental es fundamental para abordar eficazmente estas enfermedades.
Impacto ambiental de un programa de telescreening de retinopatía diabética en Argentina
Authors: Ortiz-Basso Tomás , Ricard María Florencia , Córdoba María Soledad , Paladini Ariel
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: La expansión mundial de programas de tele-screening para la retinopatía diabética ha demostrado su eficacia en diversas regiones; sin embargo, su impacto ambiental permanece insuficientemente examinado. Este estudio se propuso cuantificar la disminución en las emisiones de carbono atribuible a la implementación de un programa de tele-screening para la retinopatía diabética en La Pampa, Argentina.
Materiales y métodos: Mediante un diseño descriptivo comparativo, este estudio evaluó las emisiones de equivalentes de dióxido de carbono (eqCO2) generadas por el desplazamiento de pacientes con y sin la operación del programa. Se utilizó una cámara retinal móvil para examinar a pacientes en 60 localidades rurales, clasificando las imágenes obtenidas en “referibles” y “no referibles” para posterior evaluación oftalmológica presencial en casos seleccionados. Las emisiones se estimaron comparando el eqCO2 producido por el programa frente al que hubieran emitido los pacientes al trasladarse al centro oftalmológico más cercano por medios convencionales.
Resultados: Sin la intervención del programa, las emisiones por paciente se estimaron en 63 kg de eqCO2, mientras que su implementación redujo este valor a un rango entre 4 y 18 kg por paciente. Durante los años 2019, 2020 y 2021 se logró una reducción de emisiones por paciente de 45 kg, 41 kg y 62 kg, respectivamente, lo que resultó en una disminución absoluta de emisiones de 166 toneladas, 28 toneladas y 161 toneladas de eqCO2 por año, respectivamente.
Conclusión: La implementación del programa de tele-screening para la retinopatía diabética en La Pampa ha demostrado una significativa reducción en las emisiones de eqCO2, subrayando la importancia de considerar el impacto ambiental en la práctica oftalmológica. Este estudio destaca el potencial de las intervenciones de telemedicina para contribuir a la sostenibilidad ambiental en el sector salud.
Maculopatía y vasculitis asociado a dengue en un paciente joven
Authors: González Castellanos María Inés , González Castellanos Juan Cruz , Osaba Matías , Reviglio Virginia , Nigatake Yukari , Reviglio Víctor Eduardo
Published: October 2024

El virus del dengue es un arbovirus de la familia Flaviviridae y el mosquito Aedes aegypti es su principal vector. La presentación clínica del dengue varía desde una enfermedad febril hasta el síndrome de shock por dengue que pone en peligro la vida. Su síntoma principal es la fiebre que dura de 3 a 7 días. Tradicionalmente se ha pensado que la patología ocular en el dengue es poco común, aunque cada vez se reconoce más su afectación. El objetivo de este artículo es reportar el caso de un paciente que presentó maculopatía bilateral por dengue asociada a vasculitis.
Paciente masculino de 32 años con disminución de visión bilateral de 48 horas de evolución. Como único antecedente había sido diagnosticado de dengue 5 días antes. En el examen de fondo de ojos se observó inflamación perivascular y cambios de coloración en el área macular de ambos ojos. En la OCT se observaron infiltrados inflamatorios en las capas medias de la retina de ambos ojos. Al cabo de un mes el paciente recuperó el total de su agudeza visual y resolvieron completamente los signos retinales bajo tratamiento con meprednisona cada 12 horas vía oral y tratamiento tópico con prednisolona cada 8. En la actualidad no existe un tratamiento establecido para maculopatía por dengue. Se requiere de un seguimiento activo del paciente. La mayoría de las lesiones resuelven espontáneamente. Pero se puede considerar también el tratamiento con corticoides tópicos y sistémicos e inmunomoduladores.
Lenticono posterior
Authors: Wiggenhauser Tamara V. , Almada Jorge , Feresin Carla , Ogusuku Mariela
Published: October 2024

Reportado inicialmente por Meyer en 1888, su primera publicación data de 1926 y se define como una alteración del contorno del cristalino>1...
A Cross-sectional Study of Anemia Among Medical Students and its Impact on Learning, Physical and Emotional Well-being
Authors:   Final Year MBBS Student, HBS Medical College, Islamabad, Amir Suha , Faizan Muhammad ,   2nd Year MBBS Student, HBS Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, Khalid Zara ,   Department of Biochemistry, HBS Medical College, Islamabad, Naqvi Syed Hasnain Muhammad ,   Department of Biochemistry, HBS Medical College, Islamabad, Ghafoor Seemeen ,   Department of Biochemistry, HBS Medical College, Islamabad, Naeem Samarah ,   Department of Biochemistry, HBS Medical College, Islamabad, Raza Syed Irfan ,   Department of Biochemistry, HBS Medical College, Islamabad
Published: October 2024

Objective: To measure the prevalence of anemia and its effect on physical activity, learning skills and social, emotional impact in medical students. Background: Anemia is a general health issue which severely affects young adults during an intense growth period. The vast nature of medical curriculum demands hard efforts and hectic study schedule medical students at risk of anemia due to irregular eating habits which affects their learning skills and physical activity. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students (1st year and 2nd year) of Hazrat Bari Sarkar (HBS) Medical College), Islamabad, by administering a structured questionnaire. This was a year study from August 2023 to July 2024. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire, along with venous blood samples. An automated hematology analyzer located in the Department of Pathology was used to measure hemoglobin. Data Analysis was performed by appropriate statistical tests, and statistical significance was set at P-values <0.05. Conclusion: More than half the students in our medical school were anemic and had a negative impact on their learning, physical and social well-being. This could possibly be due to their poor eating habits. The memory and academic performance of students can be improved by correction of anemia.
Tinjauan Yuridis Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Sepihak dalam Perspektif HAM (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 249/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2022/PN Mdn)
Authors: Zulfah Indana , Yohana Eirene Aprilita  , Nurhalija Nadia
Published: October 2024

Masalah pemutusan hubungan kerja memiliki kaitan erat dengan kepentingan ekonomi pengusaha serta hak asasi manusia. Pengaturan terkait PHK harus mempertimbangkan kedua aspek tersebut secara seimbang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan antara sudut pandang kepentingan ekonomi dan hak asasi manusia terhadap pengaturan pemutusan hubungan kerja. Melalui pendekatan perbandingan, ditemukan bahwa dalam perspektif kepentingan ekonomi, meskipun terdapat perbedaan pandangan antara penganut Teori Ekonomi Neoklasik dan Teori Ekonomi Kelembagaan Baru mengenai perlunya pengaturan pemutusan hubungan kerja dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, keduanya sepakat bahwa PHK seharusnya tidak mempengaruhi produktivitas dan efisiensi perusahaan. Di sisi lain, dalam perspektif hak asasi manusia, pekerja memiliki hak untuk tidak di-PHK secara tidak adil. Pekerja berhak mendapatkan perlakuan yang adil dalam konteks PHK oleh pengusaha, yang mencakup keadilan substantif dan prosedural. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perbandingan, yang bertujuan untuk menggali peraturan dan prinsip-prinsip hukum yang berlaku, serta menganalisisnya dalam konteks teori ekonomi dan hak asasi manusia. Dengan pendekatan ini, diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif tentang bagaimana pengaturan PHK seharusnya dilaksanakan agar tidak hanya mendukung efisiensi ekonomi, tetapi juga melindungi hak-hak pekerja. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengaturan PHK yang adil dan seimbang dapat memberikan perlindungan yang layak bagi pekerja sekaligus mempertahankan kinerja ekonomi perusahaan.
Politiques d’une pensée critique intersectionnelle dans la salle de classe : vers une urgente renégociation de la didactique du français langue seconde à l’ère post-vérité
Authors: Million Loïc
Published: October 2024

Compte tenu de l’écosystème d’information dans lequel nous vivons, il est désormais devenu vital d’être capable de penser de manière critique afin de ne pas se retrouver noyé·e parmi l’abondance d’information en ligne. Pourtant, la pensée critique n’a jamais autant généré de méfiance et semblé aussi insuffisante dans le climat politique actuel de la post-vérité où théories conspirationnistes et documents audiovisuels générés par l’intelligence artificielle se retrouvent propagés à grande échelle. Par un jeu de miroir entre les différentes crises existentielles et théoriques que traversent la compétence critique et les cursus de français langue et culture en Amérique du Nord, cet article vise à montrer qu’une renégociation de la pensée critique peut constituer le moteur de renouveau des cours de langues (notamment de niveau avancé), en leur conférant une nouvelle raison d’être à travers l’intégration d’objectifs critiques interdisciplinaires et en leur permettant de se détacher de l’éthique anti-critique dont ils sont traditionnellement empreints. La reconceptualisation de la pensée critique que nous proposons, la pensée critique intersectionnelle, s’inscrit dans les problématiques post-vérité en se réclamant d’une perspective partisane, politique, radicale et idéologique inhérente à la construction de tout savoir et en constituant une approche non-relativiste dans la mesure où elle appelle à une hiérarchisation critique des arguments et à l’invalidation de certaines perspectives.
Parcours et perceptions des étudiants en santé confrontés au Covid-19 : étude du soutien et du traitement médiatique perçus
Authors: Soidet Isabelle , Garcia Audrey , Souque Anthony
Published: October 2024

La crise pandémique a maximisé les incertitudes structurelles (i.e. chômage, précarité, etc.) et psychologiques (i.e. peur de l’avenir), et a permis de mettre en avant dans les médias un secteur déjà sous tension, celui de la santé. Partant de ce double constat, l’étude s’est intéressée aux effets de cette crise, et de son traitement médiatique perçu, sur les étudiants de ce secteur. En quoi leur motivation à poursuivre leurs études et leur projet professionnel, mais aussi leurs perceptions du travail et d’eux-mêmes ont-elles été réinterrogées ? De plus, conformément aux travaux relatifs au rôle du soutien social perçu (SSP) dans le maintien en formation, cette variable a également été prise en compte. Début 2021, une enquête par questionnaire (44 questions, dont 15 ouvertes) a été réalisée en France auprès de 170 étudiants en santé. Ont été explorés : la motivation scolaire et professionnelle, le SSP, l’inquiétude face à l’avenir, le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle (SEP) ou encore les perceptions du monde professionnel et du traitement médiatique du secteur de la santé. Les résultats indiquent, par exemple, que les étudiants interrogés, en téléenseignement total ou partiel, subissent une baisse de leur motivation aux études, mais maintiennent une forte motivation à réaliser leur projet professionnel. Contrairement au SSP, le traitement médiatique perçu n’apparaît pas lié aux différentes variables étudiées sur l’ensemble de l’échantillon. Enfin, le groupe d’étudiants souhaitant abandonner son cursus (n = 13) se caractérise par un plus faible SSP et une motivation plus fragile que le reste de l’échantillon. Il estime aussi plus négativement le traitement du secteur de la santé par les médias. Outre la comparaison des résultats obtenus avec ceux d’une enquête québécoise, la discussion traite des implications pratiques.
Early and delayed STAT1-dependent responses drive local trained immunity of macrophages in the spleen
Authors: Solomon Aryeh , Bossel Ben-Moshe Noa , Hoffman Dotan , Trzebanski Sébastien , Yehezkel Dror , Vainman Leia , Netea Mihai G , Avraham Roi
Published: October 2024

Trained immunity (TI) is the process wherein innate immune cells gain functional memory upon exposure to specific ligands or pathogens, leading to augmented inflammatory responses and pathogen clearance upon secondary exposure. While the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and reprogramming of bone marrow (BM) progenitors are well-established mechanisms underpinning durable TI protection, remodeling of the cellular architecture within the tissue during TI remains underexplored. Here, we study the effects of peritoneal Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) administration to find TI-mediated protection in the spleen against a subsequent heterologous infection by the Gram-negative pathogen Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm). Utilizing single cell RNA-sequencing and flow cytometry, we discerned STAT1-regulated genes in TI-associated resident and recruited splenic myeloid populations. The temporal dynamics of TI were further elucidated, revealing both early and delayed myeloid subsets with time-dependent, cell-type-specific STAT1 signatures. Using lineage tracing, we find that tissue-resident red pulp macrophages (RPM), initially depleted by BCG exposure, are restored from both tissue-trained, self-renewing macrophages and from bone marrow-derived progenitors, fostering long lasting local defense. Early inhibition of STAT1 activation, using specific JAK-STAT inhibitors, reduces both RPM loss and recruitment of trained monocytes. Our study suggests a temporal window soon after BCG vaccination, in which STAT1-dependent activation of long-lived resident cells in the tissue mediates localized protection.
Peptidoglycan-Chi3l1 interaction shapes gut microbiota in intestinal mucus layer
Authors: Chen Yan , Yang Ruizhi , Qi Bin , Shan Zhao
Published: October 2024

The balanced gut microbiota in intestinal mucus layer plays an instrumental role in the health of the host. However, the mechanisms by which the host regulates microbial communities in the mucus layer remain largely unknown. Here, we discovered that the host regulates bacterial colonization in the gut mucus layer by producing a protein called Chitinase 3-like protein 1 (Chi3l1). Intestinal epithelial cells are stimulated by the gut microbiota to express Chi3l1. Once expressed, Chi3l1 is secreted into the mucus layer where it interacts with the gut microbiota, specifically through a component of bacterial cell walls called peptidoglycan. This interaction between Chi3l1 and bacteria is beneficial for the colonization of bacteria in the mucus, particularly for Gram-positive bacteria like Lactobacillus. Moreover, a deficiency of Chi3l1 leads to an imbalance in the gut microbiota, which exacerbates colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate. By performing fecal microbiota transplantation from Villin-cre mice or replenishing Lactobacillus in IEC∆Chil1 mice, we were able to restore their colitis to the same level as that of Villin-cre mice. In summary, this study shows a ‘scaffold model’ for microbiota homeostasis by interaction between intestinal Chi3l1 and bacteria cell wall interaction, and it also highlights that an unbalanced gut microbiota in the intestinal mucus contributes to the development of colitis.
Activation of polycystin-1 signaling by binding of stalk-derived peptide agonists
Authors: Pawnikar Shristi , Magenheimer Brenda S , Joshi Keya , Nevarez-Munoz Ericka , Haldane Allan , Maser Robin L , Miao Yinglong
Published: October 2024

Polycystin-1 (PC1) is the protein product of the PKD1 gene whose mutation causes autosomal dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). PC1 is an atypical G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) with an autocatalytic GAIN domain that cleaves PC1 into extracellular N-terminal and membrane-embedded C-terminal (CTF) fragments. Recently, activation of PC1 CTF signaling was shown to be regulated by a stalk tethered agonist (TA), resembling the mechanism observed for adhesion GPCRs. Here, synthetic peptides of the first 9- (p9), 17- (p17), and 21-residues (p21) of the PC1 stalk TA were shown to re-activate signaling by a stalkless CTF mutant in human cell culture assays. Novel Peptide Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (Pep-GaMD) simulations elucidated binding conformations of p9, p17, and p21 and revealed multiple specific binding regions to the stalkless CTF. Peptide agonists binding to the TOP domain of PC1 induced close TOP-putative pore loop interactions, a characteristic feature of stalk TA-mediated PC1 CTF activation. Additional sequence coevolution analyses showed the peptide binding regions were consistent with covarying residue pairs identified between the TOP domain and the stalk TA. These insights into the structural dynamic mechanism of PC1 activation by TA peptide agonists provide an in-depth understanding that will facilitate the development of therapeutics targeting PC1 for ADPKD treatment.
Super-enhancer-driven ZFP36L1 promotes PD-L1 expression in infiltrative gastric cancer
Authors: Wei Xujin , Liu Jie , Cheng Jia , Cai Wangyu , Xie Wen , Wang Kang , Lin Lingyun , Hou Jingjing , Cai Jianchun , Zhuo Huiqin
Published: October 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite the widespread recognition of tumor immunotherapy in treating unresectable GC, challenges, including ineffective immunotherapy and drug resistance, persist. Therefore, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1, particularly in the context of super-enhancers (SEs) and zinc finger protein 36 ring finger protein-like 1 (ZFP36L1) RNA-binding protein, is crucial. In this study, we performed H3K27ac Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) sequencing, investigated the heterogeneity of SEs between two GC subtypes with differential growth patterns, and revealed the immune escape signatures driven by ZFP36L1-SE in infiltrative GC through SEs inhibitors treatment. The regulation of ZFP36L1 to PD-L1 was evaluated by quantitative PCR, western blot, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we explored its regulatory mechanisms using a combination of molecular biology techniques, including luciferase reporter assay, GST/RNA pull-down, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)/RIP experiments, and in vivo functional assays. We demonstrated that ZFP36L1, driven by an SE, enhances IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression, with SPI1 identified as the specific transcription factor binding to ZFP36L1-SE. Mechanistically, ZFP36L1 binds to the adenylate uridylate-rich element in the 3ʹ untranslated region (3ʹUTR) of HDAC3 mRNA, exacerbating its mRNA decay, and thereby facilitating PD-L1 abnormal transcriptional activation. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of the SPI1-ZFP36L1-HDAC3-PD-L1 signaling axis in orchestrating immune escape mechanisms in GC, thereby offering valuable insights into the potential targets for immune checkpoint therapy in GC management.
A Bibliometric Analysis Study on Sport Sciences: Trends and Recommendation for Athletes’ Performance
Authors: Fredianto Meiky , Ulfa Maria , Khairunnisa Rahma Aulia , Zaim Chilmi Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Background: Sports science is responsible for locating, approving, developing, and perfecting various strategies to improve athletic performance. New methods for assessing an athlete’s technical and physical prowess are being created daily, and fresh training concepts are evolving impressively swiftly. If coaches had access to the most up-to-date techniques and knowledge to create the most effective training plans, athletes would gain significantly. This study aims to find patterns and make recommendations to stakeholders to enhance athlete performance. Method: A literature review of documents was conducted from 2018 to 2022, specifically focusing on “sports science” in 2023. 408 English-language documents in the area of medicine were identified using the Scopus database. Scopus search analysis and VOSviewer software were employed to analyze the bibliometric data. Result: The top three keywords’ trends found in this study were health (1.41%), physical (1.15%), and sports (0.89%). The top results revealed a positive correlation between overall sports sciences scores on physical and activity (Pearson correlation score ± 0.74 - 0.73, P0.50). Sports injury, types of sport, physical, epidemiology, basic science study, and physiotherapy are the six clusters our study on sports sciences has discovered. The trends analyzed in this study were sports sciences, sports performance, and sports injury. This study recommends enhancing the physical training performance of athletes for the sports they are playing. Conclusion: A sports science approach to evidence-based practice could effectively prevent athlete injuries and physiotherapy management. The coaches should be concerned about the health and safety of their athletes. The practice of sports medicine can improve sports science and athlete performance.
Assessing Helmet Fit for Varsity Ice Hockey Athletes: A Field Intervention Study
Authors: Rossi Julia H.W. , Andrews David M.
Published: October 2024

Background: Protective equipment is at the forefront of the discussion on reducing sports-related concussions, with the role of helmets being equivocal. Data suggest that modern helmets are not entirely protective against concussions, and ill-fitting helmets may contribute to concussions with longer-lasting symptoms. Helmet fit can be assessed via a checklist, but its application outside of youth sport is lacking. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess helmet fit and the effect of feedback for a men’s (n=22) and a women’s (n=20) university varsity ice hockey team across a season. Methods: This field intervention study used a 12-item helmet fit checklist which was divided into five categories, defining “proper fit” as meeting all criteria of the stability and size categories. Players’ concussion histories and helmet fit knowledge were assessed using a survey. Results: The number of properly fitting helmets for males increased from 23% to 77% over the season, while remaining consistent at 50% for females. For males, 73% had an increase in overall checklist scores and 27% saw no change; 45% of females had an increase, 5% saw no change, and 50% decreased. Reported female (85%) concussion rate was double that of males (41%), but perceived knowledge of helmet fit (male=36%, female=30%) and actual knowledge (male=77%, female=85%) were similar. Conclusions: Feedback only had a positive effect on helmet fit for males across the season, potentially due to helmet style differences for females. Improvements to checklist criteria and scoring would increase the effectiveness of assessing fit for multiple helmet styles.
A Study on the Percentage of Pacing Strategies in Elite Asian Rowers: Analysis of Crew, Boat Type, and Gender
Authors: Khamros Watunyou , Rattanasateankij Worrawit , Peepathum Prasit , Senakham Nutcharee , Phongsri Krirkwit , Mitranun Witid , Pimboon Bhuvanard , Jardsakul Patchareeya , Suwannathat Naphol , Senakham Tanormsak
Published: October 2024

Background: For optimal performance, rowers should maintain a consistent rowing cadence over the entire distances. However, the rowing cadence of each category can be influenced by several factors. Understanding the rowing strategy related to these factors may help improve rowing performance. Objective: This analytical research aimed to examine the pacing strategies used by elite Asian rowers in different categories: crew, boat type, and gender during competitions at the 2023 Asian Games. Methods: The official Final A competition results of 14 events, comprising 42 male and 37 female rowers, totaling 79 datasets, were used for statistical analysis. Pacing techniques for each category were analyzed in the 500 m intervals and expressed as a percentage. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess rowing interval correlation. Results: The 2- and 2X showed the most percentage change (9.56%), while the 8+ showed the lowest (6.83%). After 8.33% and 8.37% adjustments, sweeps and sculls were essentially identical. Male rowers changed 7.08%, while female rowers changed 9.49%. The 500 m and 1000 m interval had a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.462), while the 2000 m distance had a significant negative correlation (r = -0.750) and the 1000 m had a strong negative correlation (r = -0.818) (p0.05). Conclusion: Rower’s size and gender are the major factors influencing pacing percentage. Smaller boats are more affected than larger ones. Males are less different per interval than females. Crew, boat type, and gender may impact rowing performance during certain intervals. Coaches and athletes need specialized pacing strategies for competition success.