bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machines for the Making of Gods?
Authors: Stenner Paul
Published: May 2021

In the early 1930s Henri Bergson made a bold attempt to trace the source of religious experience, belief and practice to a psychological process he called ‘fabulation’ (a term deriving from the Latin fabula, meaning either talk / conversation / discourse, or a story, tale, myth, legend or fable). Beginning with an illustration from the drama series Humans, this paper delineates six main features of fabulation and concentrates attention on two of these: the occasioning of fabulation by a significant event of rupture, and a subsequent double attribution of a powerful agency addressing a powerless subject. The first, which was left implicit by Bergson, is developed via liminality theory. An understanding of fabulation as occasioned by liminal experience also enables an account of the second feature inspired by Heider’s concept of the ‘person’: ‘person’ attributions typical of social perception come – under liminal conditions – to be made with respect to events that otherwise invite naturalistic attributions. Given the tendency in Psychology to treat fabulation purely negatively as part of a mission to explain personhood naturalistically, a more productive and creative orientation to fabulation is called for in the conclusion. This orientation may become increasingly necessary given the liminal nature of the ‘accelerating’ world order/disorder that was the topic of ISTP Copenhagen.
Structure and defects in melting process of quasi-two-dimensional wet particle system
Authors: Wang Peng , Kong Ping , Li Ran , Hua Yun-Song , Hou Mei-Ying , Sun Qi-Cheng ,   School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China,   Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China,   School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 215300, China,   Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,   School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: May 2021

The study of structural defects in particle systems is of great value for studying solid-liquid melting. The volume fraction is a key parameter that can be used to accurately quantify the phase-transition process. The collective behavior and interaction form in a wet particle system are much more complex than that of a dry particle material because of the existence of liquid bridge force between the wet particles. In this paper, the structural defects and the critical value of solid-liquid transformation in the monolayer wet particles during solid-liquid melting under vertical vibration are experimentally studied. The contact model of the wet particle system is constructed according to experimental and theoretical analysis, and the structural changes of the particles in the melting process of the quasi-two-dimensional wet particle system are quantified. The Voronoi tessellation is established to study the phase transition of the particle system, and the local volume fraction is adopted to determine the state of structural defect change during melting. The experimental results indicate that the phase-transition process is caused by structural defects in the solid. The defects appear from the edge of the particle system, and the chain defect pairs spread to the center. The reason for structural defects at the edge of the cluster is that the particles at the edge of the cluster are subjected to less liquid bridge force, and the kinetic energy brought by the collision between the particles and the bottom wall makes the particles become active and begin to explore the available space. The chain defects are caused by the force chain generated by the fluid bridge force, which makes the particles tend to move together in rows. In addition, the local volume fraction of seven-phase defective particles decreases significantly and is much smaller than that of five-phase defective particles and six-phase defective particles when defects occur. Therefore, the evolution and the critical state of the structural defects can be quantified by measuring the change in the minimum local volume fraction (the local volume fraction of particles with 7-fold defects) in the particle system. The local volume fraction of the analysis shows that when the minimum local volume fraction ϕ ≤ 0.6652 defects occur, and when ϕ ≤ 0.4872 particle system transforms from solid to liquid.
VASP-mediated actin dynamics activate and recruit a filopodia myosin
Authors: Arthur Ashley L , Crawford Amy , Houdusse Anne , Titus Margaret A
Published: May 2021

Filopodia are thin, actin-based structures that cells use to interact with their environments. Filopodia initiation requires a suite of conserved proteins but the mechanism remains poorly understood. The actin polymerase VASP and a MyTH-FERM (MF) myosin, DdMyo7 in amoeba, are essential for filopodia initiation. DdMyo7 is localized to dynamic regions of the actin-rich cortex. Analysis of VASP mutants and treatment of cells with anti-actin drugs shows that myosin recruitment and activation in Dictyostelium requires localized VASP-dependent actin polymerization. Targeting of DdMyo7 to the cortex alone is not sufficient for filopodia initiation; VASP activity is also required. The actin regulator locally produces a cortical actin network that activates myosin and together they shape the actin network to promote extension of parallel bundles of actin during filopodia formation. This work reveals how filopodia initiation requires close collaboration between an actin-binding protein, the state of the actin cytoskeleton and MF myosin activity.
Distribution-preserving data augmentation
Authors: Saran Nurdan Ayse , Saran Murat , Nar Fatih
Published: May 2021

In the last decade, deep learning has been applied in a wide range of problems with tremendous success. This success mainly comes from large data availability, increased computational power, and theoretical improvements in the training phase. As the dataset grows, the real world is better represented, making it possible to develop a model that can generalize. However, creating a labeled dataset is expensive, time-consuming, and sometimes not likely in some domains if not challenging. Therefore, researchers proposed data augmentation methods to increase dataset size and variety by creating variations of the existing data. For image data, variations can be obtained by applying color or spatial transformations, only one or a combination. Such color transformations perform some linear or nonlinear operations in the entire image or in the patches to create variations of the original image. The current color-based augmentation methods are usually based on image processing methods that apply color transformations such as equalizing, solarizing, and posterizing. Nevertheless, these color-based data augmentation methods do not guarantee to create plausible variations of the image. This paper proposes a novel distribution-preserving data augmentation method that creates plausible image variations by shifting pixel colors to another point in the image color distribution. We achieved this by defining a regularized density decreasing direction to create paths from the original pixels’ color to the distribution tails. The proposed method provides superior performance compared to existing data augmentation methods which is shown using a transfer learning scenario on the UC Merced Land-use, Intel Image Classification, and Oxford-IIIT Pet datasets for classification and segmentation tasks.
Gis-Based Multi Criteria Model for Location of Rice Aggregation Centers in Anambra State
Authors: Okpala C. D. , Igbokwe J. I. , Nwajinka C. O. , Igbokwe E. C. , Ubah J. I.
Published: May 2021

Rice aggregation centers are tasked with checkmating substandard agricultural produce that are often encountered by the integrated millers during the course of buying from farm to farm to ensure already made market for their produce. Thus, it must be well placed to occupy strategic positions such that all different rice cultivating zones of the state get access to the facility. Given that these facilities will provide salient services, sets of demand points tasked with the provision storage, processing capability and a constant market for various rice farmers within the state. It is pertinent that these facilities are located properly considering all unique factors on ground. This study therefore aimed at a GIS-based multi criteria model for location of rice aggregation centers in Anambra State. The study was carried out using Geographical Information System (GIS) technology. Several GIS thematic layers were obtained and considered important factors in citing rice aggregation centers such as road network, Land Use and Land Cover (LULC), slope, river, cost distance, electricity network, floodplains, erosion plains and proximity to rice farms. It revealed optimal locations for siting a modular aggregation rice center at Nzam, Onoia, Aguleri, Nando, Akenu, Achalla, Ezira, Ndiokpalaeze, Ogbakuma and Uli. The goal throughout this study was to provide a reliable and complete analysis of siting modular rice aggregation centers in the agricultural zones in Anambra State. The approach and results obtained in this study are recommended as a spatial decision tool for site selection of modular rice aggregation centers in developing countries.
Linking Psychological Attributes and Gender to Smartphone Addiction among University Undergraduates: A Nigerian Study
Authors: C. Onuoha Uchenna , V. Bada Bukola
Published: May 2021

The study examined the relative contributions of psychological attributes (loneliness, extraversion and self-esteem) and gender to smartphone addiction. The study was a survey that utilized a cross-sectional design that purposively sampled 271 in-school smartphone users. The sample was made up of 165 male and 106 female undergraduates selected from three public tertiary institutions in southwest Nigeria. Data were collected with a questionnaire that contained standardized scales that measured the study variables. These were revalidated to ascertain their suitability for use in the present study and all yielded acceptable alpha coefficients: loneliness (α = .88), extraversion (α = .61), self-esteem (α = .80), and Test of mobile-phone dependence use (α = .94). Also examined in the study was the influence of gender on smartphone addiction. Result indicated significant positive relationships among loneliness (r = .29; P <.05), extraversion (r = .43; P<.001), self-esteem (r = .48; P<.001) and smartphone addiction respectively. Result further revealed significant joint influence of loneliness, extraversion and self-esteem on smartphone addiction (R2 = .33; P <.01). There was no significant gender influence on smartphone addiction (p >.05). Personality profile of smartphone addicts should form a cardinal ingredient of treatment and management protocols of the condition.
Social Support and the Psychological Well-being of Academically Stressed Students in the University of Buea
Authors: Lah Lo-oh Joseph , Bate-Arrah Ayuk Etah
Published: May 2021

This study set out to investigate the effect of social support on the psychological well-being of academically stressed students in the University of Buea. The study was based on the premise that university students often come with a replete of academically stressed circumstances that often also lead to psychological breakdown. A major contention was that social support could serve as a major framework for the psychological wellbeing of such academically stressed students. We hypothesized that social support systems such as parent/family support, peer acceptance, teachers’ support and the availability of learning resources could lead to the psychological wellbeing of academically stressed students. The purposive sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 374 academically stressed students. The instrument used to collect data was the questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using the Spearman’s correlation test. The findings revealed that parent/family support (r=0.160; P=0.000), peer acceptance (r=0.140; P=0.000), teachers’ involvement (r= 0.205; P=0.000), and the availability of learning resources r= 0.417; P=0.000) affected the psychological well being of academically stressed students in the university of Buea. It was concluded that social support has a significant explanatory power over the psychological well-being of academically stressed students. In that case parents and significant others ought to spend time listening to students’ concerns and giving advice to those currently dealing with difficult issues.
Patient Awareness and Knowledge Level for Radiation in Different Radiology Modalities in Hospitals
Authors: Shakhreet B. Z.
Published: May 2021

Aims: Understanding the knowledge gaps among the public regarding radiation protection of each modality has helped to assess the community awareness and perception, which reflects our urgent need for more education for the public. This project aims to evaluate the knowledge levels of patients undergoing medical imaging procedures is regarding the risk and benefits by providing sufficient information regarding their specific medical imaging technique upon examination.
Study Design:  A prospective study with a special questionnaire to collect data.
Place and Duration of Study: Subjects: Different departments of Radiology in different hospitals, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, for 3 months.
Methodology: The survey was conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to include four major hospitals. The sample of the study included 500 patients (125 for each hospital). Patients are aged 18 years and over were referred by physicians for a radiological examination, including different radiologic modalities.
Results: It was found that 52% of patients were provided the information about radiology examination. The mean scores of questions ranged from 69% to 76%. So, there was a strong positive correlation between the radiology examination information received by patients and the radiation questions' score.
Conclusion: The majority of patients who visited the radiology departments in Jeddah's hospitals did not receive sufficient information about radiation awareness when starting the radiology examination, which in turn reflects their level of general knowledge of radiation risks.
Four‐dimensional dose calculations for dynamic tumour tracking with a gimbal‐mounted linear accelerator
Authors: Carpentier Emilie E. , McDermott Ronan L. , Dunne Emma M. , Camborde Marie‐Laure A. , Bergman Alanah M. , Karan Tania , Liu Mitchell C. C. , Ma Roy M. K. , Mestrovic Ante
Published: May 2021

Purpose

In this study we present a novel method for re‐calculating a treatment plan on different respiratory phases by accurately modeling the panning and tilting beam motion during DTT (the “rotation method”). This method is used to re‐calculate the dose distribution of a plan on multiple breathing phases to accurately assess the dosimetry.

Methods

sIMRT plans were optimized on a breath hold computed tomography (CT) image taken at exhale (BHexhale) for 10 previous liver stereotactic ablative radiotherapy patients. Our method was used to re‐calculate the plan on the inhale (0%) and exhale (50%) phases of the four‐dimensional CT (4DCT) image set. The dose distributions were deformed to the BHexhale CT and summed together with proper weighting calculated from the patient’s breathing trace. Subsequently, the plan was re‐calculated on all ten phases using our method and the dose distributions were deformed to the BHexhale CT and accumulated together. The maximum dose for certain organs at risk (OARs) was compared between calculating on two phases and all ten phases.

Results

In total, 26 OARs were examined from 10 patients. When the dose was calculated on the inhale and exhale phases six OARs exceeded their dose limit, and when all 10 phases were used five OARs exceeded their limit.

Conclusion

Dynamic tumor tracking plans optimized for a single respiratory phase leave an OAR vulnerable to exceeding its dose constraint during other respiratory phases. The rotation method accurately models the beam’s geometry. Using deformable image registration to accumulate dose from all 10 breathing phases provides the most accurate results, however it is a time consuming procedure. Accumulating the dose from two extreme breathing phases (exhale and inhale) and weighting them properly provides accurate results while requiring less time. This approach should be used to confirm the safety of a DTT treatment plan prior to delivery.
New techniques for creating parthenogenetic larvae of the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus for gene expression studies
Authors: Vacquier Victor D. , Hamdoun Amro
Published: May 2021

Background

Sea urchins are model organisms for studying the spatial‐temporal control of gene activity during development. The Southern California species, Lytechinus pictus, has a sequenced genome and can be raised in the laboratory from egg to egg in 4 to 5 months.

Results

Here, we present new techniques for generating parthenogenetic larvae of this species and include a gallery of photomicrographs of morphologically abnormal larvae that could be used for transcriptomic analysis.

Conclusions

Comparison of gene expression in parthenogenotes to larvae produced by fertilization could provide novel insights into gene expression controls contributed by sperm in this important model organism. Knowledge gained from transcriptomics of sea urchin parthenogenotes could contribute to parthenogenetic studies of mammalian embryos.
Gene Editing: How Can You Ask “Whether” If You Don't Know “How”?
Authors: Cwik Bryan
Published: May 2021

Though questions about whether gene editing should be done at all have dominated ethical discussion, a literature about how it can be done ethically has been growing. Work on responsible translational pathways for human germline gene editing has been criticized for focusing on the wrong questions. But questions about responsible translational pathways—questions about how gene editing could be done ethically—are, in an important sense, prior to questions about whether it is desirable and permissible. Asking “whether” questions about gene editing requires a model of what responsible clinical use of gene editing would look like.
Ectopic deciduosis in a paratubal cyst: A report of the first case
Authors: Farì Giorgia , Dell’Aquila Marco , Moresi Sascia , Lanzone Antonio , Arena Vincenzo
Published: May 2021

Synopsis

An unusual case of ectopic decidua in a paratubal cyst of a 27‐year‐old asymptomatic woman, incidentally discovered in the course of a planned cesarean delivery.
Climatology of Northern Hemisphere Cryo‐cover
Authors: Brasher Saber E. , Leathers Daniel J.
Published: May 2021

The Earth's cryo‐cover (defined here as snow cover and sea ice) is dynamic, and varies considerably on both interannual and seasonal time‐scales. This study analyzes trends in Northern Hemisphere cryo‐cover from 1979 to 2020 using three datasets: National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Sea Ice Extent, Rutgers Global Snow Lab (GSL) Snow Cover Extent and MeaSuREs State of the Cryosphere values. Temporal trends of cryo‐cover, both as a combined variable and as separate snow and ice components, are calculated on an annual and monthly basis. Using derived cryo‐cover concentration values, pixels are categorized to be either stable (covered 75% of the time or more) or transient (covered <75% of the time), as a method to differentiate the type of cryo‐cover present annually and monthly as well as associated trends and transitions from one cover type (stable or transient) to the other. Results indicate a decrease in cryo‐cover since 1979 with sea ice decreasing in all months, but snow cover increasing in the autumn and early winter and decreasing during the spring. Decreasing trends in stable cryo‐cover are observed during most months with several months seeing increases in transient cover. Increases in autumn snow cover (particularly in October) help to offset the large decreases in late summer/early autumn sea ice. From April to August, cryo‐cover as a whole exhibits statistically significant decreasing trends. A comprehensive understanding of the climatology of cryo‐cover is of great importance in understanding the radiative impacts of a changing cryosphere in a warming climate.
Ultrasonographic Imaging of the Fetal Duodenal Tract
Authors: Toprak Erzat , Işıkalan Mehmet Murat
Published: May 2021

Objectives

To investigate whether fetal duodenal tract sections can be visualized in the prenatal ultrasonographic examination.

Methods

This study was designed in cross‐section. Healthy singleton pregnant women who applied to the perinatology outpatient clinic for second‐level ultrasound scanning between September 2020 and February 2021 were included in the study. Demographic information of the participants was obtained and an ultrasound scan was performed. The fetal duodenal tract was evaluated in three sections, including the pylorus. The fetal duodenal tract was differentiated from adjacent organs by its anatomical location, hyperechoic nature, and presence of fluid in the lumen.

Results

A total of 278 eligible participants between 18 and 22 weeks of gestation were evaluated. While the fetal pylorus was closed in 76.6% of the participants, it was open in 23.4%. Duodenum pars superior, pars descendens, and pars inferior imaging rates were 99.3%, 98.2%, and 95.7%, respectively. It was possible to distinguish these parts from neighboring organs by 99.6%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. While the first, second, and third parts of the duodenum were observed as solid in 42.0%, 58.2%, and 52.2%, respectively, 57.9%, 41.7%, and 47.7% had fluid in the lumen.

Conclusion

The fetal duodenal tract can be viewed with prenatal ultrasonography in pregnant women who are not in a dorsoanterior position. This may make an additional contribution to the diagnosis of duodenal obstructions, which is the most common cause of intestinal atresia in prenatal screening.
Unique post‐translational modifications diversify the sodium channels in peach aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer])
Authors: Wang Hao , Duan WenBo , Gao Ruibo , Li Fen , Yang Lei , Li WeiZheng , Yin XinMing , Wu ShaoYing
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Myzus persicae (Sulzer), a worldwide pest, has caused remarkable damage to agriculture. Among the various control methods, chemical control (especially pyrethroids) is most commonly used. The targets of pyrethroids are voltage‐gated sodium channels (Navs). Unlike those of other insects, all Navs of aphids (including two genes), such as Myzus persicae, are unique.

RESULTS

In this study, three interlock patterns, I(918)‐F(1014), L(918)‐L(1014), and T(918)‐F(1014), were found at sites 918 and 1014 in the sensitive Myzus persicae strain. Similar to that of other aphids, the Nav of Myzus persicae (MpNav) consisted of two parts, that is MpNav‐I and MpNav‐II, which were embedded with an atypical ‘DENS’ ion selectivity filter and a conventional ‘MFM’ inactivation gate, respectively. MpNav had 11 alternative exons, including two mutually exclusive exons (k and l) and three exons (w, x, and t), which were located in domains I and III, respectively. In addition, various RNA editing events, A503T and V588A, appearing between the connection of domains I and II and the S3 of domain IV, respectively, had been described.

CONCLUSION

Overall, MpNav was characterized by unique post‐translational regulation mode, 918 and 1014 interlocks, and unusually alternative exons. Our research provides a new perspective on the evolution and variation of insect Navs. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Pharmacogenetic‐based management of depression: Role of traditional Persian medicine
Authors: Jalali Atefeh , Firouzabadi Negar , Zarshenas Mohammad M.
Published: May 2021

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide. The genetic factors are linked to depression and anti‐depressant outcomes. Traditional Persian medicine (TPM) manuscripts have provided various anti‐depressant remedies, which may be useful in depression management. This review has studied the bioactive compounds, underlying mechanisms, and treatment outcomes of the medicinal plants traditionally mentioned effective for depression from “The storehouse of medicament” (a famous pharmacopeia of TPM) to merge those with the novel genetics science and serve new scope in depression prevention and management. This review paper has been conducted in two sections: (1) Collecting medicinal plants and their bioactive components from “The storehouse of medicament,” “Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) for Herbal Medicines,” and “Google scholar” database. (2) The critical key factors and genes in depression pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment were clarified. Subsequently, the association between bioactive components' underlying mechanism and depression treatment outcomes via considering polymorphisms in related genes was derived. Taken together, α‐Mangostin, β‐carotene, β‐pinene, apigenin, caffeic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, citral, ellagic acid, esculetin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, gentiopicroside, hyperoside, kaempferol, limonene, linalool, lycopene, naringin, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, resveratrol, rosmarinic acid, and umbelliferone are suitable for future pharmacogenetics‐based studies in the management of depression.
Modelling multiple impacts on the out‐of‐plane cushioning properties of honeycomb paperboard
Authors: Gu Zhuoqing , Hui Jiao , Wang Jun , Wu Di , Lu Lixin , Wang Zhiwei
Published: May 2021

In order to simulate the multiple impacts on the packaging in logistics transportation, the honeycomb paperboard was subjected to constant amplitude multiple impacts with the dropping height of 5, 20, 40 and 60 cm, respectively. A critical dropping height was defined to divide the intensity to low ones (the dropping height of 5 cm) and high ones (the dropping heights of 20, 40 and 60 cm). Then, quasi‐static compression was performed to study the constitutive model of paper honeycomb. The cushioning response of honeycomb paperboard under out‐of‐plane multiple impacts was studied. A model for the initial peak stress under multiple impacts at low intensity was derived, depending on the critical buckling load of cell walls in elastic region. The effects of high‐intensity multiple impacts on elastic strain, plastic strain and Young's modulus were analyzed, and the theoretical models were also developed respectively. Finally, the model of energy absorption performance of honeycomb paperboard under multiple impacts was suggested and shown great agreement with the experimental results. The results should be helpful for protective packaging design in practical logistics and honeycomb paperboard structure optimization.
Neurological signs in lambs as indication for BVDV circulation in a cattle young stock rearing herd
Authors: Krattley‐Roodenburg Betsie , van Werven Tine , Nielen Mirjam , van der Meer Frank
Published: May 2021

Twin lambs, born on a farm where cattle young stock and sheep were raised together in the same barn, presented with neurological signs. As border disease could not be ruled out, samples were sent for diagnostic testing and subsequent sequence comparison to identify potential infection with sheep or cattle pestiviruses. The 5′UTR polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed that both lambs and one calf were infected with a bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) 1b strain. Additional analysis of the E2 and NS5b PCR products demonstrated a ∼100% sequence identity for 5′UTR, E2, and NS5b. Viral transmission from a persistently infected (PI) calf to the sheep dam during pregnancy was considered the most likely route of infection. In spite of the advice to separate and slaughter the lambs, as they could act as a source of infection to the rest of the sheep and cattle, they remained in the flock. Over time they overcame the clinical signs and were slaughtered at the end of the season. This case demonstrates that sheep can be infected with BVDV. Neurological signs and other health problems in sheep could indicate a BVDV infection in both sheep and cattle when reared in close contact.
Alienated Entertainment: Ludwig Berger’s Meistersinger Film Der Meister von Nürnberg (1927)
Authors: SHEIL ÁINE
Published: May 2021

Der Meister von Nürnberg is a silent film adaptation of Wagner’s Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg remembered chiefly for the protests it generated on its release in 1927. Several authors refer to it briefly in reception histories of Die Meistersinger, but the film has not yet attracted sustained attention either within Wagner scholarship or within literature on opera and film. Der Meister von Nürnberg is, however, an effective lens through which to examine sensitivities in opera’s relationship with film in 1920s Germany, as well as various ambiguities in Weimar-era film making and consumption. The film constitutes fascinating proof of the historically conditioned reverence for Wagner’s Die Meistersinger that existed within conservative opera criticism in 1920s Germany, while its ephemerality serves as a key to understanding several wider features of the Weimar cultural landscape. In this sense, the film exceeds curiosity status and emerges as a multivalent artefact of a complex, contradiction-ridden time.
Developing our understanding of nutrition in depression
Authors: Upton Nicolas
Published: May 2021

Research to date has convincingly demonstrated that nutrition impacts depression. Population-based studies have shown that diet, food types, dietary supplements, gut bacteria, endocrine systems and obesity all play a role in depression. While nutrition could provide an important therapeutic opportunity in depression, clinical trials have not shown clinically meaningful results, and it appears unlikely that nutrition is a central determinant of depression. Conversely, however, prior research is inconclusive to inferring that nutrition does not have a clinically significant effect. This would require elucidating precisely when nutrition affects depression which necessitates an alternative, more granular, model for the nutrition–depression interaction. The network theory of mental disorders, which studies how mental disorders arise from a causally related network of symptoms and external factors, is proposed as an alternative model for understanding the complexity of the nutrition–depression link. This approach would uncover which relationships, between aspects of nutrition and depression symptoms, warrant further study at a population and laboratory level. Furthermore, from within nutrition science, is a movement dubbed ‘New Nutrition Science’ (NNS) that aims to integrate biological, social and environmental determinants of nutrition. NNS is important to nutrition–depression research which has yet to reveal how social factors impact the nutrition–depression interaction. Network theory methodology is fully compatible with the network modelling already used in NNS. Embracing both network theory and NNS in future research will develop a full and complex understanding of nutrition in depression.
Programming the Common Market: The Making and Failure of a ‘Dirigiste’ Europe, 1957–1967
Authors: Canihac Hugo
Published: May 2021

This article contributes to the debate about the history of the political economy of the European Economic Community (EEC). It retraces the efforts during the early years of the EEC to implement a form of ‘European economic programming’, that is, a more ‘dirigiste’ type of economic governance than is usually associated with European integration. Based on a variety of archives, it offers a new account of the making and failure of this project. It argues that, at the time, the idea of economic programming found many supporters, but its implementation largely failed for political as well as practical reasons. In so doing, it also brings to light the role of economists during the early years of European integration.
GENERATORS OF FINITE FIELDS WITH PRESCRIBED TRACES
Authors: REIS LUCAS , RIBAS SÁVIO
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the existence and distribution of primitive elements in finite field extensions with prescribed traces in several intermediate field extensions. Our main result provides an inequality-like condition to ensure the existence of such elements. We then derive concrete existence results for a special class of intermediate extensions.
Integrating Data to Find Links Between Environment and Health
Authors: Liu Zhong , Tong Daniel , Wei Jennifer , Meyer David
Published: May 2021

Several obstacles stand in the way of integrating social, health, and Earth science data for vital geohealth studies, but there are tools and opportunities to overcome these obstacles.
Herzerkrankung als Trauma
Authors: Princip Mary
Published: May 2021

Eine koronare Herzkrankheit, insbesondere ein akut lebensbedrohliches Ereignis wie ein Herzinfarkt, kann eine Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung (PTBS) zur Folge haben. Diese wirkt sich ungünstig auf die Manifestation und Progression der kardialen Gesundheit aus. In diesem Beitrag wird der Zusammenhang von koronaren Herzkrankheiten und dem Auftreten einer PTBS beschrieben und deren Besonderheiten und klinische Implikationen hervorgehoben.
Psychokardiologie – Informationsangebote im Internet
Authors: Schieber Katharina
Published: May 2021

Im Bereich der Psychokardiologie finden sich im Netz für Fachpersonal viele Informationen, die zum großen Teil von Arbeitsgruppen des Deutschen Kollegium für Psychosomatische Medizin und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie bereitgestellt werden. Auch Betroffene können sich im Internet über den Zusammenhang von Herzbeschwerden und psychischen Belastungen informieren, Behandlungsmethoden nachlesen sowie zertifizierte Therapeuten und Kliniken ausfindig machen.
Paradigm shift in management of acute iatrogenic colonic perforations: 24-year retrospective comprehensive study
Authors: Paspatis Gregorios A. , Fragaki Maria , Velegraki Magdalini , Mpitouli Afroditi , Nikolaou Pinelopi , Tribonias Georgios , Voudoukis Evangelos , Karmiris Konstantinos , Theodoropoulou Angeliki , Vardas Emmanouil
Published: May 2021

Background and study aims Through advanced endoscopic clipping techniques, endoscopic treatment of both diagnostic and therapeutic acute iatrogenic colonic perforations has been shown effective. The main purpose of this study was to compare the management of acute iatrogenic perforations (AIPs) of the colon before and after the introduction of advanced clipping techniques.

Methods We conducted a retrospective study from July 1996 to February 2020. The period was divided into two sub periods, Period 1: from July 1996 to December 2012 and Period 2: from January 2013 to March 2020. All AIPs occurring during a colonoscopy and detected during or immediately (< 4 hours) after the procedure, were included in the study.

Results The total number of colonoscopies performed at our hospital was 33055 and 36831 during Periods 1 and 2 respectively. Fifteen perforations were observed in Period 1 and 11 in Period 2. The rate of surgery was 93.3 % % (14/15) in Period 1 and 27.2 % (3 /11) in Period 2 (P < 0.01). The mean hospital stay in Period 1 was 6.9 days and 4 in Period 2 (P < 0.01).

Conclusions Data from this historical cohort have clearly shown a decrease in the surgery rate and the length of hospitalization of AIPs in Period 2 compared to Period 1.
Quality Indicators for Evaluating Errors in the Preanalytical Phase
Authors: Mehndiratta Mohit , Pasha Eram Hussain , Chandra Nilesh , Almeida Edelbert Anthonio
Published: May 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to study the incidence of preanalytical errors in the clinical chemistry laboratory attached to a tertiary care hospital.

Design and Methods The study was conducted in a clinical chemistry laboratory using the samples and forms received for analysis. Five hundred random samples were analyzed using a predefined set of quality indicators (QIs) over a period of 3 months. The incidence of each preanalytical error was described as a percentage of the total samples analyzed in the study.

Statistical Analysis Individual QIs were assigned values as 0 and 1 and were used to assess each sample; 0 if the error was present, and 1 if absent. The incidence of each preanalytical error was described as a percentage of the total samples analyzed in the study.

Result Out of the 500 samples observed, 138 samples were error free, while 21 samples had the maximum number of errors, that is, 6. The error committed most often was the omission of provisional diagnosis being mentioned on the requisition form. No preanalytical error was observed for QIs: selecting the appropriate blood collection vial or storage of sample.

Conclusion This study confirms that error rate in the preanalytical phase is high and vastly ignored. Errors committed here may be overlooked, given the large number of samples received in the clinical laboratory of a tertiary center. To reduce these errors, the laboratory should provide training to all workers involved in the preanalytical phase. Daily or weekly QI scores should be recorded to assess and rectify shortcomings, thereby improving patient care.
Water quality dynamics of floodplain lakes in relation to river flooding and cattle grazing
Authors: Mayora Gisela , Piedrabuena Abigail , Ferrato Juan José , Gutierrez María Florencia , Mesa Leticia
Published: May 2021

Floodplain water quality is naturally regulated by river floods, but is increasingly affected by anthropogenic activities. Accordingly, we evaluated the combined influence of river flooding (pre- and post-flood periods) and rotational grazing (cattle presence or absence) on water quality of floodplain lakes. We hypothesised that river floods decrease the concentrations of most water constituents and dilute grazing effects on water quality, and that differences in cattle pressure (i.e. grazing duration) promote differences in water quality among lakes. Nutrient concentration decreased after the flood through washing-out and dilution, but other water constituents showed different responses. Contrary to expectations, water-quality changes in relation to cattle presence or absence occurred only after the flood, with higher turbidity and phosphorus during periods with than without cattle. Finally, water-quality variability among lakes was attributed to their different sizes (and therefore dilution capacities), but not to differences in cattle pressure. Our results suggest that river–floodplain connectivity and grazing location in areas with large lakes are important for preserving water quality. Pre-flood changes in water quality in relation to cattle presence or absence could have been obscured by wind-driven sediment resuspension, which has important effects during shallow-water stages, and by high phosphorus concentration, which can prevent removal during periods without cattle.
N14 The Effectiveness of patient information leaflets provided by a Clinical Nurse Specialist on disease related knowledge in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Walsh C
Published: May 2021

Background

Patient information leaflets are used as an educational tool and also to enhance the verbal information provided by the consulting practitioner. Disease specific knowledge is well recognized as an important factor to improve the knowledge of the condition, improve self care, aid compliance and provide information on therapies and treatments. It was observed that patient understanding and knowledge of their condition varies widely.

Methods

A quantitative cross sectional research methodology was implemented. The sampling is non probability with purposive convenience sample. The single site study sample size was 63. The instrument selected was the Crohn’s and Colitis Knowledge Score (CCKNOW) developed by Eaden et al, (1999).The self administered questionnaire consists of three sections, demographics, CCKNOW instrument and source of information.

Data collection was recorded and analysed on SPSS (Version 24.0). Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were implemented. Ethical approval was granted.

Results

Sixty three patients responded and the median age is 39.

Analysis of CCKNOW scores by classification of age, gender, education and duration of disease reveals the significant variation is between age and knowledge (mean 41.14, SD 12.59) and disease duration and knowledge (2008.218, SD 9.784)

The four areas of knowledge were calculated individually. The mean calculated for general knowledge 36.88 and the SD 6.26 demonstrating the greater degree of variation of knowledge scores. Less variation in the diet section was indicated. Significant variation demonstrated in medications and complications/pregnancy.

Frequency of CCKNOW scores demonstrated the various ranges of scores. Only 2% of patients achieved a score of 20/24, no participant achieved a score of 24/24.

Statistical significance of patient information leaflets and knowledge was assessed using Pearson-Chi Square analysis, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s Rank Order Co-efficient which indicate that patient information leaflets have a moderate effect on knowledge needs.

Conclusion

Younger and older participants demonstrated poor knowledge scores. Duration of disease indicated knowledge scores have improved significantly over the past 8–10 years. Statistically patient information leaflets have only a moderate effect on knowledge needs. Patient information leaflets are used by 69% of participants.

Knowledge base of IBD patients who are provided with a patient information leaflet is moderate and educational needs are not being met. High quality educational programmes are required and IBD Clinical Nurse Specialists are ideally placed to provide these.
OP19 Disease course and treatment outcomes of early resected Crohn’s Disease patients: A Danish nationwide cohort study from 1997 to 2015
Authors: Sarikaya M , Zhao M , Bendtsen F , Burisch J
Published: May 2021

Background

Limited resective surgery is used as a primary therapeutic option in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) who present with severe symptoms or fibrostenotic complications. Recent studies suggest that surgery represents a valid alternative of biological therapy in subgroups of CD patients.1 However, only few studies have described the disease course in early resected CD patients regardless of disease location. This study aimed to investigate disease course in all early resected CD patients.

Methods

Using the Danish National Patient Registry (NPR), we identified 9739 patients who were diagnosed with CD between January 1st, 1997 and December 31st, 2015. Of those, 499 patients underwent a major abdominal surgery within 30 days before or after their diagnosis. Data on re-operation, hospitalization and medication use were retrieved from the NPR and the National Prescription Registry. Trends in treatment outcomes over time were assessed using Chi-square test, Kaplan Meier survival analysis and log-rank test.

Results

Overall, 217 (43.5%) patients had an initial ileocecal resection, 154 (30.9%) had a colonic resection and 112 (22.4%) had a small bowel resection and 16(3.2%) patients without classification of surgery. The cumulative risk of reoperation was 16.4% at five years after the initial surgery. Five-year risk of hospitalization and need for medical therapy was 66.1% and 61.7% (Figure 1). Among 326 (65.3%) patients who received medical therapy during follow-up, 216 (66.3%) were treated with an immunomodulator and 62 (19.0%) with a biological drug. There was no difference in the risk of re-operation (p=0.11), hospitalization (p=0.70) or medication use (p=0.37) in relation to the anatomic location of the initial surgery.

When comparing patients diagnosed before and after 2005, five-year risk of hospitalization decreased from 76.9% to 56.1% (p<0.001, Figure 2), while five-year risk of medication use decreased from 65.9% to 58.5% (p=0.01, Figure 2). In contrast, five-year risk of re-operation showed an increasing, but insignificant trend from 13.7% to 18.6% (p=0.18).

Conclusion

The risk of re-operation and hospitalization after the initial surgery in this cohort of early resected CD patients are lower when compared to other CD cohorts. Furthermore, hospitalization risk and need for medical therapy decreased over time.

Reference
P038 Microbial regulation of T-cell fate towards regulatory profiles during T-cell transfer induced colitis
Authors: Machicote A , Pelczar P , Nawrocki M , Fazio A , Liu B , Kopplin L , Wende M , Indenbirken D , Pabst O , Strowig T , Gagliani N , Huber S
Published: May 2021

Background

During Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), CD4+ effector T cells are main mediators of the tissue damage. Among them, Th17 cells strongly contribute to the inflammatory response. Interestingly, our lab previously showed that Th17 cells can convert into regulatory T cells, thereby controlling inflammation. However, the forces controlling the plasticity of T cells during IBD remain largely unknown. Our aim is to understand, how CD4+ T-cell plasticity can be modulated from a pro-inflammatory towards an anti-inflammatory profile during IBD. It is currently known that both Th17 and Foxp3 Treg cells can recognize microbiota-derived antigens and that changes in the microbiota are commonly observed in IBD. We hypothesize that the microbiota is a key candidate to modulate T-cell plasticity.

Methods

T-cell transfer mouse IBD model was performed by transferring CD4+ naïve T-cells into Rag1 -/- receptors. To study Th17 T-cell plasticity, we used as donors IL-17A Fate-mapping mice. These mice comprise of an IL-17ACRE/R26fl/fl YFP construct where the cells that previously expressed IL-17A turn into YFP+ cells. Ciprofloxacin and metronidazole, two antibiotics commonly given to IBD patients, were used to treat the mice. Stool microbiota composition was analysed longitudinally by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Colitis development was evaluated by colonoscopy. CD4+ T cells were isolated from the colon and reporter expression was analysed by Flow Cytometry.

Results

After T-cell transfer colitis induction, ciprofloxacin and metronidazole treatment alleviated gut inflammation, as determined by weight loss (p=0.005), colitis score (p=0.004) and colon length (p=0.01). Antibiotic treatment increased the relative abundance of bacteria previously associated with beneficial IBD outcomes (e.g. Bifidobacterium). Interestingly, colonic CD4+ T-cells showed an increased conversion from Th17 towards a Foxp3+ Treg profile (Foxp3ExTh17) (p=0.03).

Conclusion

The conversion of CD4+ effector T cells into Treg cells is a promising approach to counteract inflammation in IBD patients. We showed that antibiotic treatment not only correlates with a relative expansion of beneficial bacteria, but perhaps most interesting, with an increased conversion of effector Th17 cells towards Foxp3+ Treg cells in the colon. Altogether, these data support the manipulation of the microbiota as a tool to revert intestinal inflammation in IBD patients.