bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transitional forestry in New Zealand: re‐evaluating the design and management of forest systems through the lens of forest purpose
Authors: Jones Alan G. , Cridge Andrew , Fraser Stuart , Holt Lania , Klinger Sebastian , McGregor Kirsty F. , Paul Thomas , Payn Tim , Scott Matthew B. , Yao Richard T. , Dickinson Yvette
Published: February 2023

Forestry management worldwide has become increasingly effective at obtaining high timber yields from productive forests. In New Zealand, a focus on improving an increasingly successful and largelyPinus radiataplantation forestry model over the last 150 years has resulted in some of the most productive timber forests in the temperate zone. In contrast to this success, the full range of forested landscapes across New Zealand, including native forests, are impacted by an array of pressures from introduced pests, diseases, and a changing climate, presenting a collective risk of losses in biological, social and economic value. As the national government policies incentivise reforestation and afforestation, the social acceptability of some forms of newly planted forests is also being challenged. Here, we review relevant literature in the area of integrated forest landscape management to optimise forests as nature‐based solutions, presenting ‘transitional forestry’ as a model design and management paradigm appropriate to a range of forest types, where forest purpose is placed at the heart of decision making. We use New Zealand as a case study region, describing how this purpose‐led transitional forestry model can benefit a cross section of forest types, from industrialised forest plantations to dedicated conservation forests and a range of multiple‐purpose forests in between. Transitional forestry is an ongoing multi‐decade process of change from current ‘business‐as‐usual’ forest management to future systems of forest management, embedded across a continuum of forest types. This holistic framework incorporates elements to enhance efficiencies of timber production, improve overall forest landscape resilience, and reduce some potential negative environmental impacts of commercial plantation forestry, while allowing the ecosystem functioning of commercial and non‐commercial forests to be maximised, with increased public and biodiversity conservation value. Implementation of transitional forestry addresses tensions that arise between meeting climate mitigation targets and improving biodiversity criteria through afforestation, alongside increasing demand for forest biomass feedstocks to meet the demands of near‐term bioenergy and bioeconomy goals. As ambitious government international targets are set for reforestation and afforestation using both native and exotic species, there is an increasing opportunity to make such transitionsviaintegrated thinking that optimises forest values across a continuum of forest types, while embracing the diversity of ways in which such targets can be reached.
‘Caregivers' awareness matters’: Call for a child‐centred approach to early detection of autism spectrum disorder through well‐child visits in Japan
Authors: Horiuchi Sayaka , Nomura Osamu , Curry Leslie , Kushima Megumi , Arnold Linda , Yamagata Zentaro
Published: February 2023

Background

Early detection of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is essential to provide children with timely treatment and support. Evidence‐based screening measures make it possible to identify children with suspected ASD at an early stage. Although Japan has a universal healthcare system that covers well‐child visits, detection rates of developmental disorders, including ASD, at 18 months vary widely between municipalities (0.2%–48.0%). The reasons for this high level of variation are poorly understood. The present study aims to describe the barriers and facilitators of incorporating ASD identification during well‐child visits in Japan.

Methods

This is a qualitative study that conducts semi‐structured in‐depth interviews in two municipalities of Yamanashi Prefecture. We recruited all public health nurses (n = 17) and paediatricians (n = 11) involved in the well‐child visit in each municipality and caregivers of children who also participated in the visits during the study period (n = 21).

Results

We identified four themes characterizing the process of ASD identification in the target municipalities: (1) Identification of children with ASD is driven by caregivers' sense of concern, acceptance and awareness. (2) Multidisciplinary cooperation and shared decision‐making is limited. (3) Skills and training for developmental disabilities screening are underdeveloped. (4) Caregivers' expectations shape the interaction in important ways.

Conclusions

Non‐standardization of screening methods, limited knowledge and skills on screening and child development among healthcare providers and poor coordination among healthcare providers and caregivers are the main barriers to effective early detection of ASD through well‐child visits. The findings suggest the importance of promoting a child‐centred care approach through the application of evidence‐based screening measures and effective information sharing.
Longitudinal links between maternal cultural socialization, peer ethnic‐racial discrimination, and ethnic‐racial pride in Mexican American youth
Authors: Stein Gabriela Livas , Christophe N. Keita , Castro‐Schilo Laura , Gomez Alvarado Casandra , Robins Richard
Published: February 2023

This paper used cross‐lagged panel models to test the longitudinal interplay between maternal cultural socialization, peer ethnic‐racial discrimination, and ethnic‐racial pride across 5th to 11th grade among Mexican American youth (N = 674, Mage = 10.86; 72% born in the United States; 50% girls; Wave 1 collected 2006–2008). Maternal cultural socialization predicted increases in subsequent youth ethnic‐racial pride, and youth ethnic‐racial pride prompted greater maternal cultural socialization. However, peer ethnic‐racial discrimination was associated with subsequent decreases in ethnic‐racial pride. The magnitude of these associations was consistent across 5th to 11th grades suggesting that maternal cultural socialization messages are necessary to maintain ethnic‐racial pride across adolescence, thus families must continually support the development of ethnic‐racial pride in their youth to counter the effects of discrimination.
Family engagement during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Opportunities and challenges for school social work
Authors: Sugrue Erin , Ball Annahita , Harrell Danielle R. , Daftary Ashley‐Marie H.
Published: February 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic brought dramatic changes in schooling in the United States and across the world, including abrupt shifts to remote learning, immediate cessation of social contact, intensive family engagement in education and diminished school capacity for social–emotional supports. While the initial national lockdown was temporary, the long‐lasting effects of the pandemic on society are still being revealed. This study contributes to a growing body of research exploring and documenting shifts in school social work practice in the United States during the COVID era. We used qualitative methods to explore how school social workers (SSWers) practised family engagement during the pandemic and their perceptions of the benefits and challenges of increased family engagement. Analysis of interviews with 20 SSWers from three US states (Colorado, Minnesota and Nevada) revealed five primary themes: reasons for family engagement, ways of engaging with families, frequency of family contact, challenges in engaging families and SSWers' attitudes and perceptions about family engagement. Results indicated a need for a comprehensive, organized and strategic family engagement plan in schools as we move into the post‐acute phases of the pandemic. Future research should explore how SSWers may serve as leaders in the development of such plans and how interprofessional practice might advance this agenda further.
Variants of LRP2, encoding a multifunctional cell‐surface endocytic receptor, associated with hearing loss and retinal dystrophy
Authors: Faridi Rabia , Yousaf Rizwan , Gu Shoujun , Inagaki Sayaka , Turriff Amy E. , Pelstring Keith , Guan Bin , Naik Amelia , Griffith Andrew J. , Adadey Samuel Mawuli , Aboagye Elvis Twumasi , Awandare Gordon A. , Morell Robert J. , Tsilou Ekaterini , Noyes Amanda G. , Sulmonte Laura A. G. , Wonkam Ambroise , Schrauwen Isabelle , Leal Suzanne M. , Azaiez Hela , Brewer Carmen C. , Riazuddin Sheikh , Hufnagel Robert B. , Hoa Michael , Zein Wadih M. , de Dios J. Karl , Friedman Thomas B.
Published: February 2023

Hereditary deafness and retinal dystrophy are each genetically heterogenous and clinically variable. Three small unrelated families segregating the combination of deafness and retinal dystrophy were studied by exome sequencing (ES). The proband of Family 1 was found to be compound heterozygous for NM_004525.3: LRP2: c.5005A > G, p.(Asn1669Asp) and c.149C > G, p.(Thr50Ser). In Family 2, two sisters were found to be compound heterozygous for LRP2 variants, p.(Tyr3933Cys) and an experimentally confirmed c.7715 + 3A > T consensus splice‐altering variant. In Family 3, the proband is compound heterozygous for a consensus donor splice site variant LRP2: c.8452_8452 + 1del and p.(Cys3150Tyr). In mouse cochlea, Lrp2 is expressed abundantly in the stria vascularis marginal cells demonstrated by smFISH, single‐cell and single‐nucleus RNAseq, suggesting that a deficiency of LRP2 may compromise the endocochlear potential, which is required for hearing. LRP2 variants have been associated with Donnai–Barrow syndrome and other multisystem pleiotropic phenotypes different from the phenotypes of the four cases reported herein. Our data expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with pathogenic variants in LRP2 warranting their consideration in individuals with a combination of hereditary hearing loss and retinal dystrophy.
An early experience in robotic ileoanal pouch surgery with robotic intracorporeal single‐stapled anastomosis (RiSSA) at a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Deputy Mohammed , Pitman Francesca , Sahnan Kapil , Miskovic Danilo , Faiz Omar
Published: February 2023

Aim

A robotic approach to ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery offers advantages over other approaches in terms of precision, improved access to the pelvis and less muscular fatigue for the surgeon. The integrity of the anastomosis is also fundamental to successful IPAA surgery. The robotic platform can permit intracorporeal suturing deep within the pelvis to create a single‐stapled, double purse‐string anastomosis, which may reduce the risk of anastomotic complications. This study describes the safety and early outcomes of robotic intracorporeal single‐stapled anastomosis (RiSSA) amongst patients operated consecutively at a tertiary centre immediately before and following the pandemic.

Method

A retrospective study of prospectively collected data analysing the outcome of patients undergoing robotic IPAA between 2019 and 2022 was conducted. All procedures were performed with the da Vinci Xi Surgical System (with a hand‐assisted suprapubic incision to fashion the pouch). All pouch–anal anastomoses were performed using a double purse‐string, single‐stapled (RiSSA) method. Demographic, clinical and outcome data were collected.

Results

Twenty consecutive patients (nine with ulcerative colitis and 11 with familial adenomatous polyposis) were included with a median age of 25 years (range 16–52); 18 had American Society of Anesthesiologists classification II, and mean body mass index was 24 kg/m2 (range 18.1–34.3). Nine patients (eight ulcerative colitis and one familial adenomatous polyposis) had undergone prior subtotal colectomy and therefore underwent restorative proctectomy with IPAA. Eleven patients underwent restorative proctocolectomy. All procedures were completed robotically. The median length of stay was 9 days (5–49). There were no unplanned admissions to intensive care and no deaths. Three patients were readmitted following hospital discharge for (i) an ileus managed conservatively, (ii) small bowel obstruction managed conservatively and (iii) small bowel obstruction due to constriction at the stoma site necessitating surgery. There were two additional reoperations both for drain complications, one for drain removal and one for drain erosion. On mobilization of the pouch in the latter case, an anastomotic defect was observed. In total, 19/20 patients underwent RiSSA without postoperative anastomotic problems.

Discussion

RiSSA offers a safe and feasible alternative technique to other minimally invasive approaches with low rates of anastomosis‐related complications.
Bildgestützte Beurteilung des Ansprechens auf Immuntherapien bei Hauttumoren
Authors: Mayer Kristine E. , Gaa Jochen , Biedermann Tilo , Posch Christian
Published: February 2023

Immuncheckpoint‐Inhibitoren und weitere immuntherapeutische Behandlungsansätze haben die Therapieoptionen beim Melanom und anderen Hauttumoren im letzten Jahrzehnt erheblich erweitert. Die breite Anwendung von Immuntherapien erfordert geeignete Methoden zur Überwachung des Krankheitsverlaufs während der Therapie. Immuntherapien beruhen auf einer gezielten Modulation des Immunsystems. Diese führt zu komplexen klinischen Reaktionsmustern wie der Pseudoprogression, die eine Anpassung der konventionellen diagnostischen Bildgebungsmethoden oder die Einführung neuer Technologien erfordern. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die derzeit verfügbaren nichtinvasiven bildgebenden Verfahren zur Beurteilung des Ansprechens auf Immuntherapien bei Hauttumoren mit Vor‐ und Nachteilen dargestellt. Außerdem werden vielversprechende zukünftige Alternativen aufgezeigt, die die neuartigen Anforderungen bei Immuntherapien besonders berücksichtigen sollen.
Diagnose und chirurgische Behandlung gutartiger Tumoren der Nägel
Authors: Starace Michela , Rubin Adam I. , Di Chiacchio Nilton Gioia , Pampaloni Francesca , Alessandrini Aurora , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Iorizzo Matilde
Published: February 2023

Es ist wenig über gutartige nicht‐melanozytäre Nageltumoren bekannt. Grund dafür ist wahrscheinlich ihre niedrige Pathogenität. Sie werden häufig als entzündliche oder infektiöse Erkrankungen fehldiagnostiziert. Je nach Art des Tumors und seiner Lokalisation im Nagelapparat haben sie verschiedene Merkmale. Typische Zeichen eines Tumors sind eine Raumforderung und/oder sekundäre Nagelveränderungen, die aus den beschädigten Nagelstrukturen hervorgehen. Insbesondere wenn ein einziger Finger oder eine einzige Zehe Dystrophie aufweist oder ein Symptom ohne weitere Erklärung genannt wird, ist das Vorliegen eines Tumors immer auszuschließen. Eine dermatoskopische Untersuchung kann die Visualisierung der Erkrankung verbessern und unterstützt in vielen Fällen die Diagnose. Sie kann auch bei der Identifizierung der richtigen Stelle für eine Biopsie helfen, aber einen chirurgischen Eingriff nicht ersetzen.

In diesem Artikel werden die häufigsten nicht‐melanozytären Tumoren analysiert, einschließlich Glomustumor, Exostose, myxoide Pseudozyste, erworbenes Fibrokeratom, Onychopapillom, Onychomatrikom, superfizielles akrales Fibromyxom und subunguales Keratoakanthom.

Ziel unserer Studie ist es, die wesentlichen klinischen und dermatoskopischen Eigenschaften der häufigsten gutartigen nicht‐melanozytären Nageltumoren zu überprüfen und mit der Histopathologie zu korrelieren sowie Ärzte hinsichtlich der besten chirurgischen Versorgung zu beraten.
Surgical lymphology. Therapy option for lymphoedema and lipohyperplasia dolorosa
Authors: Cornely Manuel E.
Published: February 2023

The typical therapy in lymphology is conservative. However, reconstructive and resective treatments for primary and secondary lymphoedema as well as resective procedures for lipohyperplasia dolorosa (LiDo) “lipedema” have been available for several decades. Each of these procedures has its clear indication and decades of successful history. These therapies represent a paradigm shift in lymphology. In reconstruction, the basic idea is to restore lymph flow, to bypass the obstacle to drainage in the vascular system. The combination procedures of two‐stage application of resection and reconstruction in lymphoedema are just as much a “work in progress” as the concept of prophylactic lymphatic venous anastomosis (LVA).

In the case of resective procedures, the focus is not only on improving the silhouette, but also on reducing the complex decongestion therapy (CDT) and – in the case of LiDo – freedom from pain by improving imaging procedures and the early use of surgical therapy options, the development of higher stages of lymphoedema should be a thing of the past. For LiDo, the application of surgical procedures avoids lifelong CDT and achieves painlessness. All surgical procedures, but especially the resection procedures, are now possible in a way that is gentle on the lymphatic vessels and should be offered to patients with lymphoedema or lipohyperplasia dolorosa without reservation if the goals – reduction in circumference, avoidance of lifelong CDT and, in the case of LiDo, painlessness – cannot be achieved by other means.
Experimental evidence of size‐selective harvest and environmental stochasticity effects on population demography, fluctuations and non‐linearity
Authors: Rogers Luke A. , Moore Zachary , Daigle Abby , Luijckx Pepijn , Krkošek Martin
Published: February 2023

Theory and analyses of fisheries data sets indicate that harvesting can alter population structure and destabilise non‐linear processes, which increases population fluctuations. We conducted a factorial experiment on the population dynamics ofDaphnia magnain relation to size‐selective harvesting and stochasticity of food supply. Harvesting and stochasticity treatments both increased population fluctuations. Timeseries analysis indicated that fluctuations in control populations were non‐linear, and non‐linearity increased substantially in response to harvesting. Both harvesting and stochasticity induced population juvenescence, but harvesting did so via the depletion of adults, whereas stochasticity increased the abundance of juveniles. A fitted fisheries model indicated that harvesting shifted populations towards higher reproductive rates and larger‐magnitude damped oscillations that amplify demographic noise. These findings provide experimental evidence that harvesting increases the non‐linearity of population fluctuations and that both harvesting and stochasticity increase population variability and juvenescence.
Cheating Detection of Test Collusion: A Study on Machine Learning Techniques and Feature Representation
Authors: Chang Shun‐Chuan , Chang Keng Lun
Published: February 2023

Machine learning has evolved and expanded as an interdisciplinary research method for educational sciences. However, cheating detection of test collusion among multiple examinees or sets of examinees with unusual answer patterns using machine learning techniques has remained relatively unexplored. This study investigates collusion on multiple‐choice tests by introducing feature representation methodologies and machine learning algorithms that can be jointly used as a promising method; they can be used not only to detect individual examinees involved in the collusion but also to evaluate test collusion with or without the groups of potentially dishonest examinees identified a priori. Furthermore, using small‐sample examples, the visual detection procedures of the current study were articulated to help identify questionable item response groups and simultaneously focus on the specific individuals providing anomalous answers.
Migraine and thyroid dysfunction: Co‐occurrence, shared genes and biological mechanisms
Authors: Tasnim Sana , Nyholt Dale R.
Published: February 2023

Background and purpose

Migraine and thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, are common medical conditions and are known to have high heritability. Thyroid function measures, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4), are also known to be genetically influenced. Although observational epidemiological studies report an increased co‐occurrence of migraine and thyroid dysfunction, a clear and combined interpretation of the findings is currently lacking. A narrative review is provided of the epidemiological and genetic association evidence linking migraine, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and thyroid hormones TSH and fT4.

Methods

An extensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed database for epidemiological, candidate gene and genome‐wide association studies using the terms migraine, headache, thyroid hormones, TSH, fT4, thyroid function, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

Results

Epidemiological studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between migraine and thyroid dysfunction. However, the nature of the relationship remains unclear, with some studies suggesting migraine increases the risk for thyroid dysfunction whilst other studies suggest the reverse. Early candidate gene studies have provided nominal evidence for MTHFR and APOE, whilst more recently genome‐wide association studies have provided robust evidence for THADA and ITPK1 being associated with both migraine and thyroid dysfunction.

Conclusions

These genetic associations improve our understanding of the genetic relationship between migraine and thyroid dysfunction, provide an opportunity to develop biomarkers to identify migraine patients most likely to benefit from thyroid hormone therapy, and indicate that further cross‐trait genetic studies have excellent potential to provide biological insight into their relationship and inform clinical interventions.
Father involvement during early childhood: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Diniz Eva , Brandão Tânia , Veríssimo Manuela
Published: February 2023

Objective

In this research, we analyze and integrate the qualitative empirical studies of father involvement, specifically examining his involvement in the multiple functions and dimensions of care during early childhood.

Background

Father involvement is a relevant social and scientific topic given the changes in fathers' role in contemporary families. Fatherhood involving presence, affection, support, nurturance, as well as prioritizing child's needs, seems to be a perspective dominantly shared by parents. However, studies tend to focus on intact White middle‐class families, neglecting other backgrounds and family configurations, which may be easily examined through qualitative approaches.

Method

A database search was performed using a combination of relevant keywords in the title, abstract, and keywords.

Results

Initially, 1,102 records were identified, with 58 manuscripts being assessed for eligibility. Finally, 16 articles were included. The analysis of the corpus identified three main themes: (a) the definition of father involvement and the description of main dimensions in which he was involved, (b) main challenges and facilitators of father involvement, and (c) the influence of intergenerational values on it.

Conclusions

Findings provide insights about the multiple dimensions and roles related to father involvement, and they open new avenues for future research.

Implications

The results reflected the state of the art about father involvement in qualitative research. Suggestions are made to reinforce fathers' full involvement in childcare, at personal and social levels.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical characterization for the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high‐entropy alloy under different temperatures
Authors: Li Yafei , Zhou Jiahe , Liu Yifei , Lu Chuanyang , Shi Lei , Zheng Wenjian , Jin Weiya , Gao Zengliang , Yang Jianguo , He Yanming
Published: February 2023

Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high‐entropy alloys (EHEAs), which can achieve a good balance of strength and ductility. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was established in this study by examining the microstructural evolution during heat treatment of 500–1000°C. The results show that the alloy's microstructure remained unchanged when the heat treatment temperature was lower than 700°C. With further rise above 800°C, the B2II precipitates were inspected in the L12 matrix. Besides, L12II started to be precipitated from the B2 matrix at 900°C. The tensile test results conducted at 20–1000°C showed that both the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength decreased as the temperature rose. As for the elongation, however, it increased dramatically when the testing temperature was over 800°C, being attributed to the dynamic recrystallization. The results obtained provided a fundamental understanding of high‐temperature properties for duplex HEAs.
A novel test specimen for mixed mode I/II/III fracture study in brittle materials
Authors: Jalayer Reza , Saboori Behnam , Ayatollahi Majid Reza
Published: February 2023

A new test specimen is proposed for investigation of mixed mode I/II/III fracture of materials. In the test specimen, by displacing the position of an inclined crack from the middle of the rectangular specimen, in addition to mode II loading, mixed mode I/III loading conditions are created under anti‐symmetric four‐point bending. To examine the applicability of the test set‐up, the specimens made of PMMA (polymethyl‐methacrylate) with three crack angles and three different positions of crack with reference to the middle of the specimen are tested. The experimental fracture loads are compared with the theoretical predictions of the maximum principal stress fracture criterion. There is a satisfactory consistency between the test and theoretical results. Although the proposed test configuration has limitations in applying the mixed modes of I/III and II/III, it is an efficient test configuration easier and less expensive than other configurations utilizing complex crack geometry or complicated loading fixtures.
Land cover changes with the development of anaerobic digestion for biogas production in France
Authors: Levavasseur Florent , Martin Lucie , Boros Léa , Cadiou Jeanne , Carozzi Marco , Martin Philippe , Houot Sabine
Published: February 2023

Anaerobic digestion is developing in various countries worldwide to produce renewable energy. In addition, the resulting digestates provide readily available nutrients when applied to cropping systems as fertilizers. The introduction of a biogas plant on a farm can induce land cover changes, in relation to the production of feedstock for the biogas plant and/or to the modification of the farming system. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize and quantify the land cover changes in farms associated with biogas plants in France. We combined two national spatialized databases: the Land Parcel Identification System (yearly French land cover at the parcel scale with farm identifier per parcel) and the SINOE database (biogas plant location and year of start‐up). We showed that, on average, the changes were limited, with an increase in maize areas (+3.4% of the total farm areas) compensated by a decrease in wheat and rapeseed areas (−1.8% and −1.9%, respectively), but with a certain variability. The French regulation and market limiting the use of dedicated energy crops seems to have limited land cover changes in France compared to other countries. However, we elaborated a typology of land cover changes and characterized five clusters of farms across the country. The main one (67% of the farms) corresponded to unchanged land cover after the introduction of a biogas plant. The four other clusters showed contrasting changes, for example, an increase or a decrease in grassland areas, a strong increase in maize areas, or a replacement of winter wheat by winter barley. The diversity and the driving factors behind these changes deserve to be better studied and understood through further farmer surveys.
Zwischen Konvention und Eigen‐Art: Text in Gerhard Richters Comic Strip
Authors: Ludewig Julia
Published: February 2023

Dieser Aufsatz geht der Schrift in Gerhard Richters 1962 geschaffenem Werk Comic Strip nach. Auf vielen Seiten des avantgardistischen Comics begegnet uns eine ebenso dominante wie unlesbare Handschrift. Wurden diese Schriftblöcke bislang als provozierendes beziehungsweise ästhetisch ansprechendes Ornament abgetan, biete ich hier eine andere Lesart an. Neben medien‐ und kunstwissenschaftlichen Zugängen zu Schrift lege ich besonderes Augenmerk auf textlinguistische Impulse, die noch wenig Eingang in die Comicanalyse gefunden haben. Aufbauend auf einem close reading führe ich aus, wie Richter weniger Schrift, als vielmehr Text und Textsorten zitiert, die wir dank ihrer graphischen Oberflächensignale erkennen. Mithilfe makrotypographischer Merkmale karikiert Richter so unterschiedliche Gattungen wie Wissenschaftstexte, Briefmanuskripte und buchhalterische Listen. Zudem bespreche ich generisch unterdeterminierte Textblöcke, die Richter als flächiges Gewebe refunktionalisiert, ohne jedoch ihre Herkunft als Text zu leugnen. Damit entwickelt Comic Strip die skripturalen Experimente anderer Comics weiter und stellt uns, wortwörtlich, die Multimodalität aller Texte vor Augen.
EPA's Unprecedented Interim Drinking Water Health Advisories for PFOA and PFOS
Authors: Cotruvo Joseph A. , Goldhaber Susan B. , Cohen Andrew J.B.
Published: February 2023

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent and widely distributed in the environment from commercial products and waste process residues, including in surface waters usually at low parts per trillion (ppt) levels. Groundwaters near contaminated locations can have higher parts per trillion or parts per billion (ppb) concentrations. Interim EPA Drinking Water Health Advisories (HAs) for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) that were originally 70 ppt were recently reduced to 0.004 and 0.020 ppt, respectively. Final HAs for perfluorobutane sulfonic acid and its potassium salt (PFBS) and hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) dimer acid and its ammonium salt (“GenX chemicals”) were established at 2000 and 10 ppt, respectively. The minimum reporting levels (MRLs) for PFOA and PFOS are currently 4 ppt. The scientific basis for these very low and unmeasurable HA values for PFOA and PFOS is debatable and up to about five orders of magnitude below many other worldwide national recommendations (e.g., Australia, UK, Canada), which are in the range of 100 ppt and above.
Behavioural responses are associated with mortality and mobility after reintroduction in the endangered Yellow Cardinal
Authors: Atencio Melina , de la Colina Maria Alicia , Mahler Bettina
Published: February 2023

Reintroductions are an important management tool for the conservation of threatened species. Personality or temperament of individuals is likely to influence survival in the reintroduction success of released individuals. We studied behavioural traits related to personality in the globally endangered Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata and analysed whether these traits were associated with the outcome of a reintroduction programme in Argentina. We found that exploratory behaviour and anti‐predator responses were correlated in Yellow Cardinals. Individuals with higher activity levels in the presence of a predator had a lower risk of mortality following release. Also, less neophobic individuals with increased exploratory behaviour moved farther away from the release site. High activity levels in terms of a predatory response could outweigh the cost of higher exposure to predators and may be beneficial in decreasing predation probability. We recommend the enhancement of predatory responses before release, especially in individuals with inherent low mobility. Long‐term monitoring of future releases will help understand how individual variation in behaviour influences reintroduction success in this species.
miR‐144‐3p represses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by affecting cell aerobic glycolysis via FOXK1
Authors: Xing Binyu , Shen Cunyi , Yang Qinling , Wang Zheng , Tan Wenjun
Published: February 2023

Aerobic glycolysis is a unique mark of cancer cells, which enables therapeutic intervention in cancer. Forkhead box K1 (FOXK1) is a transcription factor that facilitates the progression of multiple cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, it is unclear whether or not FOXK1 can affect HCC cell glycolysis. This study attempted to study the effect of FOXK1 on HCC cell glycolysis. Expression of mature miRNAs and mRNAs, as well as clinical data, was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas‐Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (TCGA‐LIHC) dataset. FOXK1 and miR‐144‐3p levels were assessed through quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blot. Targeting of the relationship between miR‐144‐3p and FOXK1 was verified via a dual‐luciferase assay. Pathway enrichment analysis of FOXK1 was performed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Cell function assays revealed the glycolytic ability, cell viability, migration, invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis of HCC cells in each treatment group. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that FOXK1 was upregulated in tissues of HCC patients, while the upstream miR‐144‐3p was downregulated in tumour tissues. Dual‐luciferase assay implied a targeting relationship between miR‐144‐3p and FOXK1. Cellular experiments implied that silencing FOXK1 repressed HCC cell glycolysis, which in turn inhibited the HCC malignant progression. Rescue assay confirmed that miR‐144‐3p repressed glycolysis in HCC cells by targeting FOXK1, and then repressed HCC malignant progression. miR‐144‐3p/FOXK1 axis repressed malignant progression of HCC via affecting the aerobic glycolytic process of HCC cells. miR‐144‐3p and FOXK1 have the potential to become new therapeutic targets for HCC, which provide new insights for HCC treatment.
Nutritional, functional, and ethno‐medical properties of sweet corn cob: a concurrent review
Authors: Islam Fakhar , Imran Ali , Afzaal Muhammad , Saeed Farhan , Asghar Aasma , Shahid Sumaira , Shams Arooj , Zahra Syeda Mahvish , Biswas Sunanda , Aslam Muhammad Arslan
Published: February 2023

The corn cob is still a significant component of the corn residue. It is estimated that maize cob accounts for 40–50 percent of total corn production. Corn cob is considered an agriculture waste (by‐product of sweet corn). This by‐product causes environmental pollution, which produces health problems. Its phytochemicals and prebiotic potential provide large benefits for humans when it is consumed. Therefore, corn cob has functional properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, anticancer and reduces the blood glucose level. Corn cob may be used as opportunistic raw material in food products and other possible applications. Current review explained the nutritional composition of corn cob and its possible health benefits. In conclusion, corn cobs have the potential for the development of value‐added products, which are gluten free and also contribute to flourish business of food development and nutraceutical manufacturing industries.
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of indigenous plant leaf ethanolic extracts and their use for extending the shelf‐life of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) mince
Authors: Sinlapapanya Pitima , Sumpavapol Punnanee , Aluko Rotimi E. , Nuthong Pornpot , Zhang Bin , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: February 2023

Long pepper (LP), soursop (SS), green vein kratom (GK), and red vein kratom (RK) leaf ethanolic extracts were prepared using an ultrasonic device, followed by dechlorophyllization by the sedimentation process. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts were studied. Highest yield and total phenolic content were found in RK extract (P < 0.05). In general, RK extract showed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) towards four bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shewanella sp.), when compared with other extracts. Addition of GK extract at 600 mg kg−1 retarded chemical changes and lowered microbiological growth in Nile tilapia mince within 12 days at 4 °C. Lipid oxidation was also impeded with the aid of GK extract. Therefore, GK extract inhibited both spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, and prevented lipid oxidation, thus extending the shelf‐life of tilapia mince.
Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles fromNigella sativaseed extract and evaluation of their antibacterial and antiobesity activity
Authors: Kumar Mukul , Kaushik Deepika , Kumar Ashwani , Gupta Prerna , Proestos Charalampos , Oz Emel , Orhan Elif , Kaur Jasjit , Khan Mohammad Rizwan , Elobeid Tahra , Bordiga Matteo , Oz Fatih
Published: February 2023

In this study, the copper nanoparticles were synthesized using various concentrations (5%, 6 %, 8%, and 10%) ofNigella sativaseed extracts, and their antibacterial and antiobesity effect was evaluated. The optimum particle size (98.23 nm) of nanoparticles was obtained at an extract concentration of 8%. FTIR results confirmed the functional groups responsible for copper ion reduction, The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited high antibacterial activity againstPseudomonas aeruginosaandEscherichia colihaving inhibition zone of 25 mm and 24 mm, respectively. Significantly (P< 0.005) percent lipase and amylase inhibition assay of copper nanoparticles confirmed their antiobesity activities.
Migration and livelihood constellations: Assessing common themes in the face of environmental change in Somalia and amongAgro‐Pastoralpeoples
Authors: Griffith David , Muneepeerakul Rachata , Guerry Genevieve , Cabrero Alvaro Carmona , Johnson Jeffrey C. , Munoz‐Carpena Rafael , Puma Michael , Lall Upmanu , Homayounfar Mehran
Published: February 2023

Research on migration has become more challenging due to at least four factors: (1) more complex migration traditions; (2) the development of migration economies that engage many types of migrants from ever more social and cultural backgrounds; (3) increasing likelihood of climate change‐driven environmental migration; and (4) increasing likelihood of conflict‐based migration in some contexts. These developments have shaken economic theories of migration and have encouraged interdisciplinary, methodologically mixed, qualitative and quantitative research and analysis. From a review of the literature, we have gleaned 11 common themes about environmental, economic and conflict migration that we differentiate by process (migration behaviours that are still evolving) and patterns (migration behaviours that have become customary). We then consider how positive and negative dimensions of migration can be captured and represented with close attention to livelihood constellations (multiple economic activities combined by individuals, households and families). Finally, focusing on Somalia and agro‐pastoral peoples generally, where recent environmental and conflict migration have been added to decades of economic migration and centuries of seasonal, environmental migration associated with pastoralism, we combine historical and qualitative work to demonstrate the value of a livelihood constellation perspective.
Effectiveness of telehealth interventions on psychological outcomes and quality of life in community adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hao Xiaonan , Qin Yuan , Lv Miaohua , Zhao Xuetong , Wu Shuang , Li Kun
Published: February 2023

Physical distancing and contact restrictions have been implemented in most countries and territories due to the rapid spread of SARS‐CoV‐2. This has caused physical, emotional, and psychological distress for adults living in the community. Diversified telehealth interventions have been widely applied in health care and have proven to be cost‐effective and well accepted by patients and health professionals. Currently, the effectiveness of telehealth interventions on psychological outcomes and quality of life among community adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic remains unclear. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library from 2019 to October 2022. Twenty‐five randomized controlled trials with 3228 subjects were finally included in this review. Two independent reviewers performed the screening, extraction of key data points, and appraisal of the methodological quality. There were positive effects of telehealth interventions on anxiety, stress, loneliness, and well‐being among community adults. Participants who were women or older adults were more likely to recover from negative emotions, increase well‐being, and improve quality of life. The real‐time and interactive interventions and remote cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT) may be better choices during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Based on the findings of this review, health professionals have more options and alternatives for delivering telehealth interventions in the future. Rigorously designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with higher statistical power and long‐term follow‐up should be conducted in the future to strengthen the currently weak evidence.
Microstructures and physical properties of sol–gel derived Ba2FeMnO6 double perovskite
Authors: Wu Zhiwei , Yi Kang , Tang Qingkai , Gu Jiayuan , Ding Jie , Chen Liangdong , Zhu Xinhua
Published: February 2023

We report microstructures and physical (dielectric, magnetic, and optical) properties of sol–gel derived Ba2FeMnO6 (BFMO) double perovskite powders. The BFMO powders belong to hexagonal crystal structure with P‐6m2 space group. SEM images reveal the powders are nearly homogeneous distribution with spherical morphology and average particle size of 300 nm. Energy‐dispersive spectra gave out the molar ratio of the Ba:Fe:Mn elements equal to 2.16:1.00:1.00. FTIR spectrum verified the [FeO6] and [MnO6] octahedra present in the powders. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra identified the chemical valence states of the constituent elements. The BFMO ceramics displayed a strong frequency dispersion dielectric behavior. A relaxor‐like dielectric behavior appeared around ∼475 K due to the contributions of oxygen vacancies of and the  defect dipoles. A ferrimagnetic behavior was observed in the powders at 5 K with MS = 0.14 μB/f.u. and HC = 1.51 kOe. The magnetic Curie temperature (TC) was 381 K, whereas the Neel temperature (TN) was 31 K. The ferrimagnetic behavior is governed by the Mn3+–Fe4+ double‐exchange interaction via the mediated oxygen between them. The BFMO powders have a direct optical bandgap of 1.65 eV, which originates from the electron transferring from O 2p to Mn 3d (and/or Fe 3d) levels. The unique combination of high temperature ferrimagnetism and semiconductivity in the BFMO powders makes them particularly appealing for magnetic spintronics and photovoltaics.
The UK psychiatrists' experience of rationalising antipsychotics in adults with intellectual disabilities: A qualitative data analysis of free‐text questionnaire responses
Authors: (Shoumi) Deb Shoumitro , Limbu Bharati , Nancarrow Tom , Gerrard David , Shankar Rohit
Published: February 2023

Background

Overprescribing of off‐licence psychotropic medications, particularly antipsychotics, for challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities without a psychiatric disorder is a significant public health concern. In the United Kingdom, the National Health Service England launched an initiative in 2016, ‘STopping Over‐Medication of People with learning disabilities, autism or both (STOMP)’, to address this concern. STOMP is supposed to encourage psychiatrists in the United Kingdom and elsewhere to rationalise psychotropic medication use in people with intellectual disabilities. The current study aims to gather UK psychiatrists' views and experience of implementing the STOMP initiative.

Methods

An online questionnaire was sent to all UK psychiatrists working in the field of intellectual disabilities (estimated 225). Two open‐ended questions allowed participants to write comments in response to these questions in the free text boxes. One question asked about the challenges psychiatrists faced locally to implement STOMP, and the other asked for examples of successes and positive experiences from the process. The free text data were analysed using a qualitative method with the help of the NVivo 12 plus software.

Results

Eighty‐eight (estimated 39%) psychiatrists returned the completed questionnaire. The qualitative analysis of free‐text data has shown variation within services in the experience and views of the psychiatrists. In areas with good support for STOMP implementation provided through adequate resources, psychiatrists reported satisfaction in the process with successful antipsychotic rationalisation, better local multi‐disciplinary and multi‐agency working, and increased awareness of STOMP issues among the stakeholders such as people with intellectual disabilities and their caregivers and multidisciplinary teams, and improved quality of life caused by reduced medication‐related adverse events in people with intellectual disabilities. However, where resource utilisation is not optimum, psychiatrists seemed dissatisfied with the process with little success in medication rationalisation.

Conclusions

Whereas some psychiatrists are successful and enthusiastic about rationalising antipsychotics, others still face barriers and challenges. Much work is needed to achieve a uniformly positive outcome throughout the United Kingdom.
The range of uses of virtual reality for intensive care unit staff training: A narrative synthesis scoping review
Authors: Hill James , Hamer Oliver , Breed Hetty , Ford Jordan , Twamley Jacqueline , Kenyon Roger , Twamley Huw , Casey Rob , Zhang Jennifer , Clegg Andrew
Published: February 2023

Background

The use of virtual reality (VR) in medical education allows learners to make mistakes safely without risk to patients and to refine a range of clinical skills by repetition. However, there is still wide variability both between, and within countries regarding the amount of training delivered using VR, particularly in relation to intensive care medicine

Objectives

To identify the range of uses, phase of development and effectiveness of VR for intensive care unit (ICU) staff training.

Methods

The review followed the scoping review framework set out by Levac et al. (2010). A multi‐database search was undertaken. All study types were included if they explored the use of VR for intensive care staff (ICU) staff training. Full paper screening, data extraction and assessment of bias was carried out by a single reviewer with verification by a second reviewer. A narrative synthesis was chosen to summarize the data.

Results

The search strategy identified 647 records. Following the removal of duplicates, screening of titles, abstracts and full texts, five studies were included. VR for ICU training has primarily focused on skill acquisition for surgical procedures. The majority of studies in this area were classified to be at an early stage of assessing acceptability, tolerability and efficacy. There was very low‐quality evidence that VR for ICU training is effective.

Conclusions

Studies have explored the use of VR for a small number of surgical procedures and emergency patient scenarios. VR for ICU training demonstrates some potential, however further development and high‐quality research is required. Research relating to virtual reality for ICU staff training is currently of weak methodological quality and as such, no recommendations to clinical practise can be made. Wherever possible when using VR for ICU staff training it should be utilized as part of a high‐quality study.