bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Principle of Sovereignty of Will in the Hanbali School of Law: A Comparative Jurisprudential Study with Qatari Civil Law
Authors: محمد الجابر عبد العزيز
Published: April 2024

تعدّ مسألةُ سلطان الإرادة في الفقه الإسلاميّ والقانون من أهمِّ مرتكزات حريّة الفرد، وتهيمن على جميع مصادرِ الالتزام، وتتجلّى الإرادةُ في إبرام العقود، مما ينشأ عنها الالتزاماتُ والحقوق. ولهذا جاءت هذه الدراسةُ لتتناولَ مسألةَ سلطان الإرادة في العقود، خاصةً في المذهب الحنبليّ والقانون المدني القطريّ، من خلال الإجابة عن إشكالية الدراسة المتمثلة في السؤال التالي: ما مدى حرية الاعتداد بمبدأ سلطان الإرادة في الفقه الحنبليّ، وما موقف القانون المدني القطري من مبدأ سلطان الإرادة؟ وما مدى تأثير مبدأ سلطان الإرادة عند الفقهاء الحنابلة والمشرّع القطري على العقودِ المسماةِ وغير المسماة؟ حيث اتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفيّ والتحليليّ والمقارن في عرض أقوال الفقهاء، ونصوص القانونيين، وذلك في سبيل الإجابة عن إشكالية البحث. وقد توصلت الدراسةُ إلى جملة من النتائج، أهمها: أنّ الإرادةَ المقصودة هي إرادةُ العاقدين التي يمكن أن تعدل التزامًا قائمًا أو تنقله، أما الإرادةُ المنفردة فلا تصلح مصدرًا عامًا لإنشاء الالتزام، وإنما هي مصدرٌ استثنائيٌّ محدودٌ، فهي تُنشئ الالتزامَ أو تعدله أو تنهيه فقط في الأحوال التي يخوّلها فيها القانونُ القدرةَ على ذلك. كما أنّ سلطانَ الإرادة ليس مقصورًا على توليد الالتزامات وحدها، بل يوّلد أيضًا كلَّ الحقوق الأخرى. ومن النتائج أيضًا أن الإرادةَ الحرةَ هي التي تهيمن على جميع مصادر الالتزام، وهذه الإرادةُ تتجلّى قويةً في العقد، فالمتعاقدان لا يلتزمان إلا بإرادتَيهما، ولا يلتزم أحدٌ بعقد لم يكن طرفًا فيه، كما لا يكسب أحدٌ حقًا من عقد لم يشتركْ فيه. كلمات مفتاحية: سلطان الإرادة – حرية العاقدين – الإرادة العقدية – إحداث العقود – الإرادة المنفردة.
Utilising AI-based Chatbot for Maximising Value and Profitability of Islamic Financial Institutions
Authors: Ahmad Zaki , al-Amatullah Ikhlas , Nafeel Mahboob Mohamed
Published: April 2024

global Islamic finance industry has experienced significant growth in recent years, establishing Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) as prominent players in the international financial landscape. To maintain competitiveness and sustainability, IFIs must embrace innovation and explore avenues for maximising their performance. This research aims to investigate the effect of AI-based Chatbots on the value and profitability of IFIs in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. The study has employed quantitative methodology, and the data was collected from the Bloomberg database, Thomson Reuters DataStream, World Development Indicators and annual reports of 104 IFIs across 44 OIC countries from 2020 to 2022. Employing the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), this study investigates the impact of AI-based Chatbots on the value and profitability of IFIs. The findings show a positive impact of Chatbot on Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q (TBQ). Furthermore, the analysis reveals that variables such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), institutional size (SIZE), and age (AGE) exhibit positive associations with the value and profitability of IFIs. Conversely, the study identifies Consumer Price Index (CPI) as exerting a negative influence on the value and profitability of IFIs, indicating potential challenges posed by inflationary pressures. IFIs may consider investing in the development and deployment of advanced AI technologies to enhance overall profitability. Keywords: AI-based Chatbot; Profitability; Islamic financial institutions (IFIs); OIC Countries; Dynamic GMM
Analysis of the Effectiveness of the One Pesantren One Product (OPOP) Program in Supporting the Economic Empowerment of Islamic Boarding Schools in Belitung Regency
Authors: Saputra Putra Pratama , Setyawan Ryand Daddy , Kurnia Muhammad
Published: April 2024

The One Pesantren One Product (OPOP) program aims to foster self-reliance within the community, including Islamic boarding schools, students, and the public. Its goal is to enable economic and social independence, enhancing skills, production technology, distribution, and marketing through innovative and strategic approaches. The program is designed to support Islamic boarding schools in achieving self-sufficiency and as a catalyst for tourism development in the region. Belitung Regency hosts several longstanding Islamic boarding schools, predating the establishment of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Through the OPOP Program, these institutions are envisioned to play a significant role in the region’s tourism development, contributing to economic growth. This research seeks to describe and analyze the effectiveness of the OPOP Program in supporting the economic empowerment of Islamic boarding schools in Belitung Regency. Conducted over a year, the research employs a descriptive qualitative method, utilizing purposive sampling techniques to select data sources, including Islamic boarding school administrators, teachers, and students. Data collection methods encompass interviews, observations, and documentary studies. The findings reveal that the Islamic boarding school cooperatives function as business units directly subordinate to the schools, akin to other commercial entities. Enhancement efforts are identified in marketing strategies, training initiatives, and internships. Media assistance and engagement with religious community organizations are essential for effective marketing. At the same time, collaboration with governmental and private sector entities is crucial for training and internship programs, ensuring alignment between participants’ business domains and their internship placements.
Neillands, The Hundred Years War
Authors: McCarthy Joseph
Published: April 2024

The Hundred Years War, a series of sporadic campaigns stretching over 116 years, is best organized in eight periods of conflict, four between 1337 and 1396, and four between 1396 and 1457. What ties these campaigns together and distinguishes them from other conflicts between France and England is their focus on the English king's claim to the French crown. The simple part of dealing with them is the descriptive military narration, the complex part is tracing the familial and diplomatic circumstances shaping the alliances and motivations of the participants. Neillands does well enough with the former, not nearly as well with the latter.
Stout, Getting The Most Out Of Your U.S. History Course - The History Student'S Guide To History; Whisenhunt, A Student'S Introduction To History
Authors: Mugleston William
Published: April 2024

The problem of new college students not only ignorant of history, but indifferent and even hostile to it, has spawned a sub-industry of "how to" books as supplements to the traditional survey course. These works usually have two aims: to explain to students just what history is (and is not) and to give them practical guidance in navigating their way through a history course-notetaking, reading, coping with exams, producing a research paper, and the like. Here are three of the best.
Coward, Cromwell
Authors: Morris Marilyn
Published: April 2024

Another book on Cromwell? Barry Coward argues that the massive literature on this enigmatic figure, much of it partisan, is precisely what makes a reevaluation of his character, motives, aims, abilities, and legacy necessary. Moreover, recent revisionist accounts of Charles I's reign and of the religious tensions of the seventeenth century place Cromwell's ideas and endeavors in a new light. Coward follows the chronological approach to Cromwell recommended one hundred years ago by S. R. Gardiner, finding Cromwell's words and actions more (but by no means completely) explicable when viewed in the context of wider events.
Carr, A History Of Germany - 1815-1990
Authors: Igo William
Published: April 2024

Now in its fourth edition, William Carr's A History of Germany: 1815-1990 still ranks as one of the best single volume works available, succinctly delineating the political and diplomatic history of post-Napoleonic Germany. The first edition (1969) covered German history from 1815 until the end of World War II and received much acclaim and some criticism, though most of the criticisms were based upon differences in historical interpretation, not factual presentation. The second edition clarified Carr's historical interpretations and expanded the information on the Wilhelmine and Weimar eras. The third edition included a new chapter "The Two Germanies" covering 1945 to 1984. Carr's fourth edition "cleans up" the third edition's added chapter and includes a new chapter on Germany's reunification in 1990
O'Conner, Image As Artifact - The Historical Analysis Of Film And Television
Authors: Reinhartz Dennis
Published: April 2024

The history of the recorded moving image is but little more than a century old. Yet it has been a century of dynamic change, change in part documented, reflected, and ushered in by development of film and television. The recorded moving image is therefore becoming an important source for historians reconstructing the recent past and equally as important a tool for educators teaching about it.
Fried, Ed., Socialism In America - From The Shakers Tot He Their International - A Documentary History
Authors: Poindexter John
Published: April 2024

When, in 1970, Doubleday published Socialism in America, the editor wrote in his preface, "There is no anthology of this kind now available." Although over two decades have passed since its initial appearance and the literature on American Socialism has proliferated, his earlier claim "still holds true: this is still the only available anthology on the subject." Its reissuance is a welcome readdition to the study of American Socialism. Fried's collection provides the student access to many documents that otherwise would be unavailable except in their original publication.
MEMORY FROM A LINGUISTIC AND SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Educational and Scientific Institute of Philology Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, DANYLENKO Liudmyla
Published: April 2024

The article explores the linguistic characteristics of the concept of memory as one of the key cultural concepts among other meaningful ones — person, life, language, word. The starting point was the position that memory is a psychological category that is verbalized in different ways by linguistic means, models synonymous series, mental image forms. It is noted that the word-concept memory correlates with the words consciousness, memory, imagination, mind, knowledge through the prism of individual and collective experience of the past, and acts as a tool for evaluating human existence. In a comparative aspect, the semantics of the Ukrainian verb to remember and the Czech zapomnět, as well as the related nouns nezabudka and pomněnka, are considered. Verbs, having at first glance a similar grammatical structure, are characterized by antonymic meanings in modern literary languages. The factors that led the original semantic feature of the root pomn- (memor- [пам’ят-]) — «to remember» — to develop to the opposite meaning in the Czech verb zapomnět «to forget / not to remember something» are analyzed. It was noted that under the influence of other Slavic languages, the parallel use in the XVI–XVII c. in the Ukrainian language, two words — «пам’ятати / помнити» — led to the fact that the word to remember displaced the word to remember from usage. The semantics of ʽmemory’ in the interpretation of figurative means — metaphors and phraseology, which show signs of high semantic stability, reproducibility in the language from memory, and thus have the status of collective memories. The evidence presented in the article shows that the conceptual field of memory is structured by concepts that are relevant both for the individual and for the whole human community in a particular time dimension and have a high axiological potential.
ENCOURAGING PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR: THE FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONNECTEDNESS, ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS, & ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE
Authors: MOHD NOOR NURUL HIDAYANA , MD ZAINI SYELIYA , PUDIN SUSAN , JAAFAR SIDEK SYAZWI
Published: April 2024

The environment is essential in determining the well-being and quality of human life. The rapid development of human civilization causes humans to depend highly on the world of science and technology. Unfortunately, this speed causes people to become complacent in carrying out their responsibility to protect the environment. The effects of these activities have begun to be felt by today's generation. Despite a strong consensus about human environmental responsibility, many people fail to behave in line with their pro-environmental behaviour. This study examines the interrelationship between environmental connectedness, ethics, knowledge, and pro-environmental behaviour. The quantitative survey method and convenience sampling collected data from the Malaysian public. The final valid data of 247 respondents were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis conducted within SPSS. The regression results showed that environmental connectedness, ethics, and knowledge significantly influenced pro-environmental behaviour. These results indicate that citizens who are emotionally attached to the environment, ethically value the environment, and are highly knowledgeable on how to preserve and conserve the environment will help guarantee a comfortable life. Several theoretical and practical implications are also highlighted in this paper.
SOCIAL DEIXIS AMONG INDIAN TRANSGENDERS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: BALAN SHUHASYINI , WAJINDRAM PARVATHI , MUNIANDY RAJANTHERAN
Published: April 2024

This study looks into the social deixis of six Indian transgenders who live in northern regions of Malaysia. The purpose of this study is to discover how social deixis (pronouns, names, and kinship relationships) are used by Indian transgenders and to determine the influence of social deixis on in-group and out-group formation among Indian transgenders. The social deixis used by Indian transgenders to indicate themselves is pointed out in this study, and they place themselves in relation to others who surround them. The research enables readers to make informed decisions in order to break the communication barriers and embrace transgenders for who they are without excluding them because of their languages. Findings in this study revealed that the transgenders used a social deixis approach in their daily communication, and it is also maintained that address forms are the best place to look at the close bond between language and society.
A KICK-START TO EXPLORE THE CONCEPT OF PERSONAL QUALITY
Authors: NADMILAIL AZAD IQRAM , MOHD MATORE MOHD EFFENDI EWAN , MAAT SITI MISTIMA
Published: April 2024

This paper explains the concept of personal quality through the lens of the Big Five Personality Model and Self-Efficacy Theory. Personal qualities are described as a visionary, accountable, consistent, always motivated, tolerant and always committed individual. The Big Five Personality Model identifies five fundamental dimensions of personality, including openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. These personality traits play a crucial role in determining how individuals interact with others, handle stress, and approach challenges, thereby influencing their personal quality. In conjunction with the Big Five Personality Model, the Self-Efficacy Theory posits that highly motivated behavior as a conscious cognitive process that involves the ability to anticipate objectives and rewards, as well as the application of judgment, evaluation and decision making. Understanding personal quality through the integration of these psychological frameworks allows for a comprehensive evaluation of human behavior and individual differences. By recognizing the role of personality traits and self-belief in shaping personal quality, researchers and scholars can design effective interventions to enhance personal growth and well-being, thus contributing to a more fulfilling and productive society.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING (PJBL) IN WRITING SKILLS: AN ANALYSIS OF LEARNING APPROACH
Authors: AZMAN NUR NABILA , ABDUL RAHMAN NURUL AJLEAA , GOH YING SOON
Published: April 2024

Project-based learning (PjBL) is a pivotal approach in language education, which aligns seamlessly with the demands of the 21st century. Essentially, the importance of the constructivist approach has become more significant in recent years to create effective teaching and learning strategies. The 21st century has provided significant contributions to the evolution of contemporary language acquisition. As such, focusing on students’ needs and evaluating the effectiveness of existing teaching methods in preparing students to master the language proficiently are crucial in this dynamic landscape. The need to enhance language proficiency, particularly writing skills, has prompted educators to seek novel approaches to student engagement in Malaysia. English, which is recognised as the second language, plays a pivotal role in primary, secondary, and tertiary education. The prevalence of unsatisfactory English writing skills among Malaysian students underscores the significance of implementing effective strategies to address the current issue. Hence, highlighting and adopting innovative approaches to elevate Malaysian students’ English writing skills are vital. The present study aims to appraise teachers’ and students’ acceptance and perceptions of implementing PjBL in writing skills. A document analysis method was employed through secondary resources to determine the PjBL effectiveness in enhancing students’ writing skills. Discussions and recommendations were also provided to relevant parties regarding PjBL as an innovative approach to improving writing skills.
Perkecambahan Biji Sawi (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) Varietas Tosakan yang Kedaluwarsa Berdasarkan Bahan Priming dan Lama Waktu Perendaman
Authors: Haq Suci Hikmatul , Gusmalawati Dwi , Ifadatin Siti
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui morfologi embrio biji, perkembangan kecambah, dan komponen perkecambahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL faktorial berdasarkan bahan priming dan lama perendaman. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari empat ulangan. Biji sawi kedaluwarsa memiliki embrio viabel lebih sedikit dibandingkan biji tidak kedaluwarsa. Perkembangan kecambah biji sawi kedaluwarsa lebih lambat dibandingkan dengan biji tidak kedaluwarsa. Rata-rata waktu berkecambah tercepat pada biji yang direndam dalam larutan KNO3 0,3% selama 8 jam dan akuades selama 2 jam (2,53 dan 2,52 hari), rata-rata persentase perkecambahan tertinggi pada biji yang direndam dalam larutan KNO3 0,3% 6 jam dan akuades 2 jam (82,5%), rata-rata panjang hipokotil kecambah terpanjang pada biji yang direndam dalam larutan KNO3 0,3% dan akuades 2 jam (1,62 dan 1,68 cm), dan rata-rata panjang radikula kecambah terpanjang pada biji yang direndam dalam larutan KNO3 0,3% 2 jam dan akuades 10 jam (1,33 dan 1,28 cm).
Surgery for Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) By Trabeculectomy: Indications and Results in 52 Cases
Authors: Y Ouattara , Z Diabate , LE Gode , MYR Kouassi , LJ Agre , RLO Babayeju , KFH Koffi , PEFK Bile
Published: April 2024

Introduction: POAG filtering surgery arouses a lot of interest regarding its indications and results in melanoderma subjects south of the Sahara. The aim of this work was to contribute to improving the management of this disease in our socio-economic environment. Material and Methods: Retrospective longitudinal study carried out on the medical records of 47 patients and 52 eyes operated on for primary open-angle glaucoma by trabeculectomy from August 1, 2018, to August 31, 2020 in a private health facility, with postoperative follow-up of at least 1 year, for each case. Results: The patients were aged 10 to 70 years (mean 62.5 +/- 13.81 years), with a male predominance (51.92%). Those who had health coverage were 44 (93.61%). Patients referred by other ophthalmologists for better care were 26 (55.31%). The mean preoperative IOP was 22.67 mm Hg. The surgical indication was the failure of medical treatment marked by visual field degradation associated with uncontrolled IOP in 34 eyes (65.38%) and the patient's desire for 5 eyes (9.61%). And of the 52 operated eyes, 8 (15.39%) were under monotherapy, 30 under dual therapy (57.69%) and 14 (26.92%) under triple therapy. All eyes had undergone trabeculectomy, associated with the use of mitomycin C for the 52 eyes (100%). The postoperative IOP at 1 year of follow-up was between 10- and 15-mm Hg in 98.08% of cases with an average pressure drop of 8.67 mm Hg (38.24%). Conclusion: A common practice of trabeculectomy with a view to refining the indications and mastering both the technique and the management of complications could make it a reliable alternative in the management of POAG in certain patients who are non-compliant or unable to cope the financial cost of medical treatment for life, in our conditions
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC CIGARETTE SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM USING TA12-100 AND MQ-135 SENSORS
Authors: Janitra Yusan Abid , Aditya Addin , Hadi Hilman Nuril , P. Diah Arifah , Widodo Sugeng
Published: April 2024

Indonesia is ranked 3rd with the highest number of active smokers in the world after India and China. Cigarettes contain more than 4000 chemical compounds that are harmful to active smokers and passive smokers. The large number of active smokers in Indonesia also has an impact on passive smokers where passive smokers also inhale cigarette smoke. The purpose of this research is to build an automatic cigarette smoke detector to support air hygiene control, protect passive smokers, and save electricity used. The stages in designing this research include analysis of product specifications, assembly, programming, and trials. This study was designed using Arduino UNO as the microcontroller, the MQ-135 sensor as a tool to detect cigarette smoke, the TA12-100 sensor to calculate electrical power consumption, the relay as an automatic switch, and the exhaust fan as a smoke neutralizer. The results of this study are that the MQ-135 sensor can detect cigarette smoke properly with the Relay as an automatic switch that functions to turn on the exhaust fan automatically. Based on the test results on the TA12-100 sensor, the consumption of electrical energy with an automatic mechanism is more efficient than the consumption of electrical energy in a manual way, with a difference of 0.0000385 kWH and Rp. 0.05205. Future research could focus on developing a more complex system for overall air cleanliness control, rather than just focusing on cigarette smoke detection.
PD-L1 testing in non-small cell lung cancer patients: a study on interlaboratory variation
Authors:   , Koomen Bregje Maria
Published: April 2024

Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. Approximately 85% of patients with lung cancer have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Since 2015, patients with advanced NSCLC can be treated with immunotherapy, which supports the patient’s own immune system in killing cancer cells by blocking the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor or its ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). If a patient qualifies for treatment with these PD-1/PD-L1 blockade agents, and if a patient should also receive chemotherapy in addition to immunotherapy, depends on the percentage of tumor cells that express PD-L1. This percentage is determined by pathologists through immunohistochemistry, which visualizes microscopic PD-L1 expression on the membrane of tumor. Given its importance in guiding treatment decisions, it is crucial that this expression is determined accurately and reproducibly.

In this thesis, we assessed the impact of various pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic variables on PD-L1 immunostaining results, and investigated the interlaboratory variation in PD-L1 testing in NSCLC patients in the Netherlands. We found that considerable variation in PD-L1 positivity exists between pathology laboratories in clinical practice. Most likely, interobserver variability in PD-L1 scoring plays an important part in causing this. When it comes to PD-L1 testing performed on cytology samples, which contain free cells or tissue fragments rather than whole tissues, differences in fixation methods between laboratories partially explain the interlaboratory variation in PD-L1 positivity, too. Moreover, it is likely that differences between laboratories in the use of antibodies for PD-L1 testing influence interlaboratory variation in PD-L1 positivity as well.

The degree of interlaboratory variation in PD-L1 positivity that we found is problematic for NSCLC patients, since it could lead to different PD-L1 results depending on the laboratory where their PD-L1 test is performed. With this thesis, we hope to raise awareness of this considerable interlaboratory variation in PD-L1 positivity among all clinicians involved in NSCLC patient care, and stimulate joint efforts to diminish this degree of variation.
CORRIGENDUM FOR: Blood Pressure Reduction Induced by Chronic Intracerebroventricular or Peroral Clonidine Administration in Rats With Salt-Dependent or Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension
Authors: Zicha J , Řezáčová L , Behuliak M , Vaněčková I
Published: April 2024

On the basis of author’s request the publisher of Physiological Research decided to change the license of the article to CC BY license.
Experiencia curricular virtual de Intervención Psicológica, investigación formativa y responsabilidad social: Aprendizajes percibidos en universitarios
Authors: Tantalean Terrones Lizley Janne , Aguirre Morales Marivel Teresa
Published: April 2024

Higher education during the pandemic assumed the challenge of adapting its formative contents to the virtual environment with consequent achievement of effective learning; in this context, it was proposed to evaluate the perception of learning in a subject of psychological intervention, formative research and social responsibility in a non-probabilistic sample of 277 psychology students from 19 to 48 years old, using the mixed method and non-experimental design, with the Scale of Perceived Learning in the Curricular Experience of Intervention Programs in Psychology and three open-ended questions. The results reflect a high evaluation of the course structure and the teaching role at 67.4% and 70.8%; higher perception of learning in private university students (U= 9414.000 and p=0.001); no distinction according to sex, age or occupation and the qualitative analysis recognizes the reinforcement of creativity, the acquisition of leadership and theoretical-practical competences, added to a satisfactory personal experience. These findings revalue the curricular experiences in virtuality, towards the achievement of formative-professional learning objectives in psychology students who are sensitive to replication in different higher education careers.
PENERAPAN VIRTUAL REALITY COSMIC SPACE UNTUK MELATIH KEMAMPUAN RELAKSASI DAN FOKUS PADA PENGGUNA GANGGUAN ANXIETY DISORDER
Authors: Nazaruddin Muhammad Arief , Putri Debri Haryndia
Published: April 2024

AbstrakAnxiety Disorder adalah kecemasan yang ditandai dengan serangan panik berulang, yaitu serangan ketakutan yang terus menerus dan terjadi reaksi fisik yang parah secara tiba-tiba tanpa bahaya yang nyata atau alasan yang jelas. Gangguan kecemasan sering didiagnosis pada generasi muda hingga dewasa. Virtual reality (VR) adalah teknologi baru yang menjanjikan dan menawarkan peluang untuk memodulasi pengalaman dan kognisi pengguna untuk meminimalisir tingkat kecemasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode mixed methods. Metode kualitatif digunakan dalam proses perancangan serta penjelasan deskriptif terkait memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian sebelum dan sesudah uji eksperimen. Metode kuantitatif digunakan untuk mengukur kelayakan aplikasi melalui Uji UAT (User Acceptance Testing). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat aplikasi game VR dengan visual pola gelombang cosmic yang dapat meningkatkan relaksasi dan melatih konsentrasi pengguna dengan memanfaatkan VR Gear. Hasil pengujian, peringkat pengguna, dan penilaian pakar media nantinya akan digunakan untuk mengukur efektivitas dari luaran penelitian ini. Hasil akhir pada penelitian ini akan digunakan sebagai media terapi pendukung untuk membantu meningkatkan relaksasi user dengan gangguan anxiety guna meningkatkan konsentrasi pengguna saat memasuki dunia immersive. Kata Kunci: anxiety disorder, Cosmic Space, game, media terapi, virtual reality AbstractAnxiety Disorder is anxiety characterized by recurrent panic attacks, namely continuous attacks of fear and sudden, severe physical reactions without any real danger or clear reason. Anxiety disorders are often diagnosed in the younger generation and adults. Virtual reality (VR) is a promising new technology that offers opportunities to modulate user experience and cognition to minimize anxiety levels. This research uses mixed methods. Qualitative methods are used in the design as well as descriptive explanations related to understanding the phenomena experienced by research subjects before and after experimental tests. Quantitative methods are used to measure application feasibility through UAT Testing (User Acceptance Testing). This research aims to create a VR game application with visual cosmic wave patterns that can increase relaxation and train user concentration by utilizing VR Gear. Test results, user ratings and media expert assessments will later be used to measure the effectiveness of this research output. The final results of this research will be used as a supporting therapy medium to help increase relaxation for users with anxiety disorders in order to increase user concentration when entering the immersive world Keywords: anxiety disorder, Cosmic Space, game, therapy media, virtual reality
A socio-phonetic study of English loanword adaptation in Colloquial Egyptian Arabic
Authors: Abdel Monem Omnia , Refaat Khaled
Published: April 2024

The current study investigates the effect of gender, age, and English educational background on English loanword adaptation in colloquial Egyptian Arabic (CEA). The phonetic and phonological effects of these social variables are studied with respect to segments, syllables, and voicing exemplified in voice onset time (VOT). The speech sample consists of 120 well-established and online English loanwords collected from 60 native speakers of CEA from Alexandria.

The results show that the source sounds are mapped to the closest phonemes. The adaptation of the syllables shows constructions that are not attested in CEA, specifically the complex onsets.

Among the participant’s level of English education, age, and gender, only the impact of the English educational background is statistically significant. The results revealed no significant differences in the adaptation of the different age or gender groups. However, observation shows that the adult speakers showed the highest rate of faithful adaptation. Regarding gender, females tend to be more concerned with prestige and thus used more faithful adaptation.
1914 as an inflection point: Arabic teaching in the Jewish community in Palestine
Authors: Mendel Yonatan
Published: April 2024

The late Ottoman period in Palestine witnessed the establishment of some prominent Hebrew educational institutions which, in addition to Hebrew, taught Arabic and other languages. Arabic was primarily taught in Arabic by native speakers – either Palestinians of Muslim or Christian origin, or Jewish-Sephardic teachers (from Palestine or neighboring countries) who were fluent in both the language and the culture. In light of pedagogical developments in the field of Arabic studies in the Middle East, and the widespread instruction of Arabic in Jewish schools, an Arabic-language pedagogical and educational elite developed in Jewish schools in Palestine, composed of Jewish and Arab natives to the region. Yet political and demographic changes transformed Arabic-language study at the start of the century. Whereas at the close of the 19th century, Jews constituted 3% of the population, they had increased to 10% by 1914, and included more and more European Jews as well as Jews who immigrated to Palestine as part of the Zionist movement’s efforts. In other words, for the first time in history, on the eve of World War I most Jews in the country were immigrants from Europe who represented new national Zionist ideologies. Their attitudes toward Arabic instruction were different, their pre-school capabilities in Arabic were nonexistent, and their presence transformed relations between Jews and Arabs alongside Arabic pedagogy in the Jewish school system. Thus, 1914 symbolizes the end of an era of Arabic-language instruction dominated by individuals intimately familiar with Arabic language and culture and ushered in the demise of the Arabic-Sephardic Jewish leadership that had been instrumental to Jewish Arabic-language instruction until that time.
Student's Engagement and Perception of Gamification in Mathematics
Authors: Solekhah Heny , Kutni Imam Darul , Pamungkas Ario Bagus
Published: April 2024

Many Indonesian students consider mathematics as an uninteresting learning subject that confuses them. An innovative approach to teach mathematics is needed to increase their engagement. In this case study, gamification which has been known as an activity to increase the student's enthusiasm was introduced in learning algebra. An observation with 20 female eighth graders was done in the classroom with and without the gamification activity to see the student's reactions and emotions in playing the game. Then, two focus group discussions with eight students were conducted by purposeful sampling based on their various levels of activeness and competence in mathematics as well as their scores of the game to grasp their perceptions of gamification in mathematics, followed by an individual interview with the math teacher. The findings were analyzed through the lenses of symbolic interactionism in which the student's acts and perceptions were constructively interpreted and confirmed with the teacher's opinion. The literature was also included to strengthen the result. The research found that gamification in mathematics could highly engage the students, especially when the teacher offered a reward. However, the student's perception was highly influenced by their performance in the game. Despite the lack of mechanical skill, the winners were satisfied; the unsuccessful players had different opinions: some of them wanted to play again to increase their scores whereas the rest of them did not suit the game. Thus, to motivate the students, designing gamified activities in mathematics needed to consider individual preferences.
Teaching Idea: Inspiring Studentsâ€™ Expository Essay Writing Through Song Approach
Authors: Adam Hafiz , Narayanan Geethanjali , Karim Rafidah Abd. , Jamaluddin Juriani
Published: April 2024

Expository essays are divided into several different types, and the most common ones are: (i) compare and contrast, (ii) definition, (iii) example essay, and (iv) cause and effect. Using songs in the teaching and learning (T&L) of writing skills in higher education can help the adult learners improve their expository essay writing skills. Research have found that using songs in teaching the writing subject can help improve their: (i) idea generation, (ii) motivation, and (iii) reduce writing apprehension. This approach has long been used in the teaching and learning (T&L) of English language in primary education, to help improve the young learnersâ€™ language skill improvements. In university settings, this approach carries different results to different learners, yet is still proven to be beneficial at improving their writing skills. To compose an expository essay, the basic structures of: (1) introduction, (2) body paragraphs, and (3) conclusion must be present. The song approach helps the learners build their main ideas and elaborate them better, since song lyrics carry useful additional ideas that speed up the learnersâ€™ point developments, make the session much more interesting, and provide them with a relaxing and safe learning environment. Therefore, this study discusses literatures written by various researchers that are relevant to the benefits of song approach in English writing skills in general, among adult learners.
Patient-centered perspectives on perioperative care
Authors: Saasouh Wael , Ghanem Kristina , Al-Saidi Neil , LeQuia Lindsey , McKelvey George , Jaffar Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The collection and evaluation of patient-reported outcomes is essential to the development of patient and family centered care. Current patient surveying techniques are limited by delayed response times and restriction to specific health systems. The use of random-domain intercept technology (RDIT), by Real-Time Interactive World-Wide Intelligence (RIWI, Toronto, ON, Canada) mitigates current barriers by creating a dynamic real-time feedback environment and providing a mass sampling technique.

Methods

RDIT was employed to survey a wide sample of respondents across the United States (US). Respondents who self-identified as having had a surgical procedure or cared for someone having a surgical procedure were included in the analysis.

Results

1,004 participants completed the survey and answered questions regarding demographics, perioperative details, sentiments on postoperative recovery, postoperative clinical endpoints, sentiments on healthcare professionals, and opinions on future surgical care.

Discussion

The results of this cross-sectional study identified areas with potential for improvement in the patient perioperative experience that could improve the patient experience. This novel use of RDIT provided a valuable tool for real-time feedback and mass sampling allowing the creation of a dynamic healthcare environment that fosters timely and targeted improvements to patient experiences and outcomes.
Survey of a snow petrel nesting site in a remote high mountain region to inform designation of an Antarctic Specially Protected Area
Authors: Rümmler Marie-Charlott , Esefeld Jan , Pfeifer Christian , Mustafa Osama
Published: April 2024

Despite the sensitivity of ecosystems in extreme conditions, only 0.029% of the Antarctic continent is currently granted special protection as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA). Additionally, protected areas are unevenly distributed and unrepresentative of the biodiversity of Antarctica. The Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties are thus striving to establish a more coherent network of protected areas. In this context, the Otto-von-Gruber-Gebirge was identified as an area highly worthy of protection due to its unique ecosystem including one of the largest snow petrel breeding sites, and relative pristine nature. However, in the process of designation, an update of knowledge, particularly of the population status of snow petrel in the area, was recognized to be needed. This study was aimed at estimating a population census of snow petrel breeding pairs in the Lake Untersee catchment, an important subarea of the potentially protected area. Investigations were severely limited by the remoteness and harsh conditions of the area, enabling only a short fieldwork period with limited resources. Thus, a combination of remote sensing and traditional methods was applied. We conducted a ground survey of a smaller reference area, including locating nest sites and assessing nest site characteristics. Snow petrels usually nest in the cavities of large boulders and we thus classified habitat suitability based on boulder presence. To do so, the study area was remotely surveyed by unpiloted aerial vehicles to gain orthophotomosaics in sufficient resolution to distinguish on-ground conditions for breeding. We then calculated nest site densities for the reference area. We also studied nest site data such as nest cavity depth, orientation, and attendance to gain basic knowledge of the characteristics of the breeding site. Finally, we measured a sample of four live snow petrels to determine which morph was present at the site. We were able to obtain nest site data and to extrapolate it, which produced population numbers of 11,765 breeding pairs for the whole study area. This underpins the size of the breeding site and thereby its importance for the species.
Beat-to-beat alterations of acoustic intensity and frequency at the maximum power of heart sounds are associated with NT-proBNP levels
Authors: Fujiyoshi Kazuhiro , Yamaoka-Tojo Minako , Fujiyoshi Kanako , Komatsu Takumi , Oikawa Jun , Kashino Kunio , Tomoike Hitonobu , Ako Junya
Published: April 2024

Background

Auscultatory features of heart sounds (HS) in patients with heart failure (HF) have been studied intensively. Recent developments in digital and electrical devices for auscultation provided easy listening chances to recognize peculiar sounds related to diastolic HS such as S3 or S4. This study aimed to quantitatively assess HS by acoustic measures of intensity (dB) and audio frequency (Hz).

Methods

Forty consecutive patients aged between 46 and 87 years (mean age, 74 years) with chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD) were enrolled in the present study after providing written informed consent during their visits to the Kitasato University Outpatient Clinic. HS were recorded at the fourth intercostal space along the left sternal border using a highly sensitive digital device. Two consecutive heartbeats were quantified on sound intensity (dB) and audio frequency (Hz) at the peak power of each spectrogram of S1–S4 using audio editing and recording application software. The participants were classified into three groups, namely, the absence of HF (n = 27), HF (n = 8), and high-risk HF (n = 5), based on the levels of NT-proBNP < 300, ≥300, and ≥900 pg/ml, respectively, and also the levels of ejection fraction (EF), such as preserved EF (n = 22), mildly reduced EF (n = 12), and reduced EF (n = 6).

Results

The intensities of four components of HS (S1–S4) decreased linearly (p < 0.02–0.001) with levels of body mass index (BMI) (range, 16.2–33.0 kg/m2). Differences in S1 intensity (ΔS1) and its frequency (ΔfS1) between two consecutive beats were non-audible level and were larger in patients with HF than those in patients without HF (ΔS1, r = 0.356, p = 0.024; ΔfS1, r = 0.356, p = 0.024). The cutoff values of ΔS1 and ΔfS1 for discriminating the presence of high-risk HF were 4.0 dB and 5.0 Hz, respectively.

Conclusions

Despite significant attenuations of all four components of HS by BMI, beat-to-beat alterations of both intensity and frequency of S1 were associated with the severity of HF. Acoustic quantification of HS enabled analyses of sounds below the audible level, suggesting that sound analysis might provide an early sign of HF.
Problems of the interrelationships of crown and stem amniotes
Authors: Modesto Sean P.
Published: April 2024

Amniota is a tetrapod group that was recognized originally in the 19th century on the basis of developmental features (extra-embryonic membranes), but since the widespread adoption of phylogenetic systematics in the late 20th century, it has been recast as a crown clade. The oldest amniotes are Late Carboniferous in age (ca. 318 million years ago), and they are preserved in coal beds and lycopod tree stumps that have yielded rich faunas of temnospondyls, anthracosaurs, and other early tetrapods. Numerous phylogenetic studies of the past three decades have focused on the relationships of amniotes to other early tetrapods, resulting in the prevailing picture that Amniota is the crown of a total group with many extinct Paleozoic clades comprising its stem group. The content and the sequence of branching among stem amniotes are vigorously debated topics in early tetrapod paleontology. The ‘traditional’ stem amniote group Diadectomorpha has been proposed as the sister group of synapsid amniotes in a series of papers by one research group. If correct, the placement of Diadectomorpha within Amniota implies that high-fiber herbivory, a key component of terrestrial vertebrate ecosystems of modern aspect, is an entirely amniote phenomenon. Another stem group, Recumbirostra, has been recovered by other researchers within Amniota as reptiles. Recumbirostrans exhibit cranial features that are correlated with a fossorial lifestyle, and most species for which we have postcrania reveal the phenomena of body elongation and many of these exhibit limb reduction. If correct, the identification of recumbirostrans as early reptiles not only greatly augments the content of Paleozoic Amniota but also marks the evolution of skeletal features indicative of a burrowing lifestyle that predates the appearance of unequivocal fossorial amniotes (cistecephalid dicynodonts) by 40 million years. However, it is premature to accept either diadectomorphs or recumbirostrans as amniotes, given issues with scorings for amniote taxa, character argumentation, and poor homologization of braincase features between amniote and anamniote taxa.
Analysis of urinary potassium isotopes and association with pancreatic health: healthy, diabetic and cancerous states
Authors: Schilling Kathrin , Chen Heng , Glabonjat Ronald A. , Debernardi Silvana , Blyuss Oleg , Navas-Acien Ana , Halliday Alex N. , Crnogorac-Jurcevic Tatjana
Published: April 2024

Background

More than 700 million people worldwide suffer from diseases of the pancreas, such as diabetes, pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Often dysregulation of potassium (K+) channels, co-transporters and pumps can promote development and progression of many types of these diseases. The role of K+ transport system in pancreatic cell homeostasis and disease development remains largely unexplored. Potassium isotope analysis (δ41K), however, might have the potential to detect minute changes in metabolic processes relevant for pancreatic diseases.

Methods

We assessed urinary K isotope composition in a case-control study by measuring K concentrations and δ41K in spot urines collected from patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer (n=18), other pancreas-related diseases (n=14) and compared those data to healthy controls (n=16).

Results

Our results show that urinary K+ levels for patients with diseased pancreas (benign and pancreatic cancer) are significantly lower than the healthy controls. For δ41K, the values tend to be higher for individuals with pancreatic cancer (mean δ41K = -0.58 ± 0.33‰) than for healthy individuals (mean δ41K = -0.78 ± 0.19‰) but the difference is not significant (p=0.08). For diabetics, urinary K+ levels are significantly lower (p=0.03) and δ41K is significantly higher (p=0.009) than for the healthy controls. These results suggest that urinary K+ levels and K isotopes can help identify K disturbances related to diabetes, an associated factors of all-cause mortality for diabetics.

Conclusion

Although the K isotope results should be considered exploratory and hypothesis-generating and future studies should focus on larger sample size and δ41K analysis of other K-disrupting diseases (e.g., chronic kidney disease), our data hold great promise for K isotopes as disease marker.