bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontal status of children with primary immunodeficiencies: a systematic review
Authors: Halai H. , Somani C. , Donos N. , Nibali Luigi
Published: October 2019

Objective

The aim of this systematic review was to appraise the existing literature on periodontal disease in children affected by different types of neutrophil-associated primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs).

Methods

A PRESS-validated search strategy was developed to search through databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Google Scholar and Open Grey. All included studies were assessed for methodological quality and risk of bias.

Results

One hundred eighteen articles reporting on 160 PID patients were included for qualitative analysis. The majority (70%) were individual case reports. Clinical and radiographic manifestations of the periodontal disease included poor oral hygiene, generalised alveolar bone loss, severe gingival inflammation, increased pocket depths, tooth mobility and gingival recession. For most studies, the primary intervention was periodontal treatment in the form of scaling and root planing or dental extractions. Stabilisation of the periodontal condition varied between different PIDs. In severe congenital neutropenia (SCN), 61% of cases reported stabilisation of the periodontal condition, while for all other PIDs, ‘stability’ was reported in less than 43% of cases.

Conclusion

The published literature suggests that patients with PIDs can present with severe periodontitis and that conventional treatment approaches have limited benefits.
Technical recommendations for clinical translation of renal MRI: a consensus project of the Cooperation in Science and Technology Action PARENCHIMA
Authors: Mendichovszky Iosif , Pullens Pim , Dekkers Ilona , Nery Fabio , Bane Octavia , Pohlmann Andreas , de Boer Anneloes , Ljimani Alexandra , Odudu Aghogho , Buchanan Charlotte , Sharma Kanishka , Laustsen Christoffer , Harteveld Anita , Golay Xavier , Pedrosa Ivan , Alsop David , Fain Sean , Caroli Anna , Prasad Pottumarthi , Francis Susan , Sigmund Eric , Fernández‐Seara Maria , Sourbron Steven
Published: October 2019

Purpose

The potential of renal MRI biomarkers has been increasingly recognised, but clinical translation requires more standardisation. The PARENCHIMA consensus project aims to develop and apply a process for generating technical recommendations on renal MRI.

Methods

A task force was formed in July 2018 focused on five methods. A draft process for attaining consensus was distributed publicly for consultation and finalised at an open meeting (Prague, October 2018). Four expert panels completed surveys between October 2018 and March 2019, discussed results and refined the surveys at a face-to-face meeting (Aarhus, March 2019) and completed a second round (May 2019).

Results

A seven-stage process was defined: (1) formation of expert panels; (2) definition of the context of use; (3) literature review; (4) collection and comparison of MRI protocols; (5) consensus generation by an approximate Delphi method; (6) reporting of results in vendor-neutral and vendor-specific terms; (7) ongoing review and updating. Application of the process resulted in 166 consensus statements.

Conclusion

The process generated meaningful technical recommendations across very different MRI methods, while allowing for improvement and refinement as open issues are resolved. The results are likely to be widely supported by the renal MRI community and thereby promote more harmonisation.
The tumor vasculature an attractive CAR T cell target in solid tumors
Authors: Akbari Parvin , Huijbers Elisabeth J. M. , Themeli Maria , Griffioen Arjan W. , van Beijnum Judy R.
Published: October 2019

T cells armed with a chimeric antigen receptor, CAR T cells, have shown extraordinary activity against certain B lymphocyte malignancies, when targeted towards the CD19 B cell surface marker. These results have led to the regulatory approval of two CAR T cell approaches. Translation of this result to the solid tumor setting has been problematic until now. A number of differences between liquid and solid tumors are likely to cause this discrepancy. The main ones of these are undoubtedly the uncomplicated availability of the target cell within the blood compartment and the abundant expression of the target molecule on the cancerous cells in the case of hematological malignancies. Targets expressed by solid tumor cells are hard to engage due to the non-adhesive and abnormal vasculature, while conditions in the tumor microenvironment can be extremely immunosuppressive. Targets in the tumor vasculature are readily reachable by CAR T cells and reside outside the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. It is therefore hypothesized that targeting CAR T cells towards the tumor vasculature of solid tumors may share the excellent effects of CAR T cell therapy with that against hematological malignancies. A few reports have shown promising results. Suggestions are provided for further improvement.
Naturalisation and Immigrant Earnings: Why and to Whom Citizenship Matters
Authors: Peters Floris , Schmeets Hans , Vink Maarten
Published: October 2019

The notion that naturalisation matters for the economic integration of immigrants is well established in the literature, but why and to whom that is, remains surprisingly ambiguous. The citizenship premium is traditionally assumed to result from increased labour market access and positive signalling towards employers, but these mechanisms fail to explain increased earnings derived from paid employment, which has been the predominant focus in most studies. We argue that naturalisation needs to be understood in the context of the life course, as immigrants anticipate rewards and opportunities of citizenship acquisition by investing in their human capital development. Insofar as naturalisation subsequently leads to higher earnings, we expect that the citizenship premium mostly reflects better employment opportunities rather than access to better paying jobs. To test these assumptions, we use high-quality register data from Statistics Netherlands, covering the period 1999–2011. These data contain almost all registered foreign-born individuals in The Netherlands (N = 74,531) and allow us to track immigrant cohorts over time. Results show that naturalisation confers a one-time boost in earnings after naturalisation, but particularly for migrants from economically less developed countries and unemployed migrants. Furthermore, earnings develop faster leading up to naturalisation than afterwards, consistent with the notion of anticipation. The relevance of citizenship for employed immigrants in part results from an increase in working hours, but is not explained by variation in labour market sectors. We conclude that citizenship matters in terms of earnings from labour, but that its impact is not universal and manifests predominantly leading up to naturalisation.
Social-ecological drivers and dynamics of seagrass gleaning fisheries
Authors: Furkon  , Nessa Natsir , Ambo-Rappe Rohani , Cullen-Unsworth Leanne Claire , Unsworth Richard Kazimierz Frank
Published: October 2019

Invertebrate gleaning (walking) fisheries are common within intertidal seagrass meadows globally, contributing to the food supply of hundreds of millions of people, but understanding of these fisheries and their ecological drivers are extremely limited. The present study provides a unique analysis of these fisheries using a combined social and ecological approach. Catches contained 34 species and were dominated by Bivalves, Urchins and Gastropods. CPUE in all sites varied from 0.05 to 3 kg gleaner−1 hr−1, respectively, with the majority of fishers being women and children. Landings were of major significance for local food supply and livelihoods at all sites. Local ecological knowledge suggests seagrass meadows are declining in line with other regional trends. Increasing seagrass density significantly and positively correlated with CPUE of the invertebrate gleaning (r = 0.830) highlighting the importance of conserving these threatened habitats. Understanding the complexities of these fisheries, their supporting habitats and their sustainability is important for the support of sustainable coastal livelihoods.
Balancing the Potential Vorticity Seesaw: The Bare Essentials of Baroclinic Instability
Authors: O’Brien Enda
Published: October 2019

This paper bypasses the mathematical technicalities of baroclinic instability and tries to provide a more conceptual, mechanistic explanation for a phenomenon that is fundamentally important to the dynamics of the earth’s atmosphere and oceans. The standard conceptual picture of baroclinic instability is reviewed and stripped down to identify the most essential features. These are: (a) Regions with both positive and negative potential vorticity (PV) gradients, (b) separate Rossby wave perturbations in each region where PV gradients are of different signs, and (c) cooperative phase locking between Rossby waves in regions of opposite PV gradient, which renders them stationary, and allows them to amplify to reduce the background temperature gradient (or baroclinicity) while still conserving total PV. These three factors constitute the “counterpropagating Rossby wave” perspective, and suggest the heuristic picture of a “PV seesaw”, which remains balanced as the instabilities (i.e., the phase-locked PV wave perturbations) grow out along opposite limbs. After reviewing the key characteristics of PV and Rossby waves, the process is illustrated by the spontaneous onset of baroclinic instability during spin-up of the Held–Suarez dynamical core atmospheric model.
Modeling Advertisers’ Willingness to Pay in TV Commercial Slot Auctions
Authors: Shi Yang , Zhao Ying
Published: October 2019

Auctions are receiving increasing attention from both practitioners and researchers in the TV advertising market. This paper studies advertisers’ willingness to pay (WTP) in Hong Kong television commercial slot auctions, defined as overlapped, multiple-winner auctions with discrete, ascending, semi-sealed bids. We specify advertisers’ WTP as a parametric function of their valuations of slot-specific attributes and the valuations that depend on the context of the focal auction and on the competition from other auctions of similar commercial slots. We extend the two “no-regret” bidding principles (first proposed by Haile and Tamer 2003) to obtain informative boundary conditions for asymptotical identification. The estimation results suggest that advertisers’ WTP increases with the TV rating of the program in which the advertisement is embedded and decreases with the bidder's bidding experience and the number of similar slot options available. The WTP also depends on the number of bidders classified into the same product category, as two directly competing advertisers are not allowed to advertise in the same commercial break. In the current practice, advertisers submit discrete bids using price levels set by the TV station. Based on the recovered bidder's WTP, we investigate how the TV station can set adjacent price levels and examine the resulting revenue implications.
The longitudinal evaluation of familial frontotemporal dementia subjects protocol: Framework and methodology
Authors: Boeve Bradley , Bove Jessica , Brannelly Patrick , Brushaber Danielle , Coppola Giovanni , Dever Rielly , Dheel Christina , Dickerson Bradford , Dickinson Susan , Faber Kelley , Fields Julie , Fong Jamie , Foroud Tatiana , Forsberg Leah , Gavrilova Ralitza , Gearhart Debra , Ghoshal Nupur , Goldman Jennifer , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Graff‐Radford Neill , Grossman Murray , Haley Dana , Heuer Hilary , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek Robin , Huey Edward , Irwin David , Jones David , Jones Lynne , Kantarci Kejal , Karydas Anna , Knopman David , Kornak John , Kraft Ruth , Kramer Joel , Kremers Walter , Kukull Walter , Lapid Maria , Lucente Diane , Mackenzie Ian , Manoochehri Masood , McGinnis Scott , Miller Bruce , Pearlman Rodney , Petrucelli Len , Potter Madeline , Rademakers Rosa , Ramos Eliana Marisa , Rankin Kate , Rascovsky Katya , Sengdy Pheth , Shaw Les , Syrjanen Jeremy , Tatton Nadine , Taylor Joanne , Toga Arthur , Trojanowski John , Weintraub Sandra , Wong Bonnie , Wszolek Zbigniew , Boxer Adam , Rosen Howard ,   on Behalf of the LEFFTDS Consortium
Published: October 2019

Introduction

It is important to establish the natural history of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration (f‐FTLD) and provide clinical and biomarker data for planning these studies, particularly in the asymptomatic phase.

Methods

The Longitudinal Evaluation of Familial Frontotemporal Dementia Subjects protocol was designed to enroll and follow at least 300 subjects for more than at least three annual visits who are members of kindreds with a mutation in one of the three most common f‐FTLD genes—microtubule‐associated protein tau, progranulin, or chromosome 9 open reading frame 72.

Results

We present the theoretical considerations of f‐FTLD and the aims/objectives of this protocol. We also describe the design and methodology for evaluating and rating subjects, in which detailed clinical and neuropsychological assessments are performed, biofluid samples are collected, and magnetic resonance imaging scans are performed using a standard protocol.

Discussion

These data and samples, which are available to interested investigators worldwide, will facilitate planning for upcoming disease‐modifying therapeutic trials in f‐FTLD.
President of the Republic et al. v. Ali Ayyoub et al.
Authors: Le Moli Ginevra
Published: October 2019

On April 8, 2016, the Egyptian government announced the signing of a “Convention of Demarcation of the Maritime Border” with Saudi Arabia (Convention). Under the Convention, the Red Sea Islands of Tiran and Sanafir lay in Saudi territory. The move was perceived by foreign and domestic observers as the abandonment by Egypt of a long-held territorial and maritime claim in exchange for a loan from Saudi Arabia, and it was challenged before the Egyptian courts. On January 16, 2017, the Egyptian Supreme Administrative Court rendered a judgment annulling the act of cession of the islands on the basis of the Egyptian people's entitlement over them (Judgment). The Judgment triggered a domestic judicial saga, which only ended in 2018. Aside from the intriguing political dimensions of this incident, the Judgment, while interpreting the Egyptian Constitution of 2014, sheds light on some fundamental aspects of international law, namely: the identity of the “holder” of sovereignty and its relations with the “delegatee,” i.e., the government; the contribution of human rights as an analytical frame for this issue; and the validity of a treaty concluded in violation of a state's treaty-making powers, a question for which there is limited practice.
Adoption of infection prevention and control practices by healthcare workers in Québec: A qualitative study
Authors: Dubé Eve , Lorcy Armelle , Audy Nathalie , Desmarais Nadia , Savard Patrice , Soucy Chantal , Bassetto Samuel , Rajon Mathilde , Brunet Fabrice , Barbir Caroline , Quach Caroline
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To describe barriers and facilitators to the adoption of recommended infection prevention and control (IPC) practices among healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods:

A qualitative research design was used. Individual semistructured interviews with HCWs and observations of clinical practices were conducted from February to May 2018 in 8 care units of 2 large tertiary-care hospitals in Montreal (Québec, Canada).

Results:

We interviewed 13 managers, 4 nurses, 2 physicians, 3 housekeepers, and 2 medical laboratory technologists. We conducted 7 observations by following IPC nurses (n = 3), nurses (n = 2), or patient attendants (n = 2) in their work routines. Barriers to IPC adoption were related to the context of care, workplace environment issues, and communication issues. The main facilitator of the IPC adoption by HCWs was the “development of an IPC culture or safety culture.” The “IPC culture” relied upon leadership support by managers committed to IPC, shared belief in the importance of IPC measures to limit healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), collaboration and good communication among staff, as well as proactivity and ownership of IPC measures (ie, development of local solutions to reduce HAIs and “working together” toward common goals).

Conclusions:

Adoption of recommended IPC measures by HCWs is strongly influenced by the “IPC culture.” The IPC culture was not uniform within hospital and differences in IPC culture were identified between care units.
DER TRIBUT VON SŪḪU, DER ASSYRISCHE THRONWAGEN UND DIE ROHRHÜTTE
Authors: Braun-Holzinger E.
Published: October 2019

A chariot drawn by two people, on which the Neo-Assyrian ruler is represented as either sitting on a throne or standing in a “chariot-box”, is attested from Assurnaṣirpal until Assurbanipal. It is deployed on the one hand for short journeys in the immediate environment of the palace or in areas which the king can reach neither by chariot nor on horseback. A similar vehicle is used on seals that contain ritual scenes. Although some details of these seal-scenes showing various reed constructions can be explained through reference to texts, carriages are not mentioned in the ritual texts.
Solitary waves perturbed by a broad sill. Part 1. Propagation across the sill
Authors: Ko Harrison T.-S. , Yeh Harry
Published: October 2019

Stability of a solitary wave disturbed by a submerged flat sill is investigated experimentally. For sills narrow compared with the solitary wave, the transmitted waves are found to be unaffected in waveform and amplitude. A wider sill disturbs the solitary wave resulting in the formation of a dispersive wavetrain following the transmitted wave. In some cases, the wave amplitude recovers, despite being perturbed, to the state of an unobstructed solitary-wave state at a certain distance beyond the sill. Wider sills cause wave breaking that occurs over the sill or, in some cases, after the wave passes through the sill. Details of waveform transformation leading toward the breaking and subsequent energy dissipation are discussed.
On the effect of coalescence on the rheology of emulsions
Authors: De Vita Francesco , Rosti Marco Edoardo , Caserta Sergio , Brandt Luca
Published: October 2019

We present a numerical study of the rheology of a two-fluid emulsion in dilute and semidilute conditions. The analysis is performed for different capillary numbers, volume fractions and viscosity ratios under the assumption of negligible inertia and zero buoyancy force. The effective viscosity of the system increases for low values of the volume fraction and decreases for higher values, with a maximum for approximately 20 % concentration of the disperse phase. When the dispersed fluid has lower viscosity, the normalised effective viscosity becomes smaller than 1 for high enough volume fractions. To single out the effect of droplet coalescence on the rheology of the emulsion we introduce an Eulerian force which prevents merging, effectively modelling the presence of surfactants in the system. When the coalescence is inhibited the effective viscosity is always greater than 1 and the curvature of the function representing the emulsion effective viscosity versus the volume fraction becomes positive, resembling the behaviour of suspensions of deformable particles. The reduction of the effective viscosity in the presence of coalescence is associated with the reduction of the total surface of the disperse phase when the droplets merge, which leads to a reduction of the interface tension contribution to the total shear stress. The probability density function of the flow topology parameter shows that the flow is mostly a shear flow in the matrix phase, with regions of extensional flow when the coalescence is prohibited. The flow in the disperse phase, instead, always shows rotational components. The first normal stress difference is positive, except for the smallest viscosity ratio considered, whereas the second normal difference is negative, with their ratio being constant with the volume fraction. Our results clearly show that the coalescence efficiency strongly affects the system rheology and that neglecting droplet merging can lead to erroneous predictions.
Why Do Firms Disagree with Short Sellers? Managerial Myopia versus Private Information
Authors: Bargeron Leonce , Bonaime Alice
Published: October 2019

Though short sellers on average succeed at identifying overvalued equity, firms often signal disagreement with short sellers by repurchasing stock when short interest increases. We investigate whether this disagreement reflects a myopic defense of inflated prices, or positive private information. These repurchases appear motivated by managers’ private information, not agency issues, even when managerial benefits to short-termism are enhanced or monitoring is weaker. Managers’ informational advantage relates to subsequent news, earnings, and risk, but is attenuated if activists target management or insiders sell. A trading strategy based on our findings earns 7.5% annually.
Tri-Party Repo Pricing
Authors: Hu Grace Xing , Pan Jun , Wang Jiang
Published: October 2019

We document the central role of collateral in the pricing of tri-party repos. Markets are competitive for repos with safe collateral but are severely segmented for repos with risky collateral, such as equities and low-grade corporate bonds. Fund families are the sole contributors to the segmentation, and collateral concentration is the main determinant in the substantial variation in repo pricing, both across and within segments. The segmented structure points to Fidelity as a systemically important player and the markets potential fragility. Facing market segmentation, dealers optimize financing costs by allocating their collateral across fund families.
Shame, Face and Social Relations in Northern China: Ramifications for Social Assistance Provision
Authors: Yang Lichao , Walker Robert , Xie Jian
Published: October 2019

While it is increasingly recognized that shame is a pernicious component of the experience of poverty, the stigma generally associated with social assistance provision is less marked with respect to China's Minimum Living Security System, also known asdibao. This enigma is explored and illuminated drawing on two streams of indigenous Chinese scholarship and qualitative fieldwork in eight villages in Shanxi province. Economic and political changes prioritizing economic growth and individual wealth have increased the shame associated with poverty, manifest as loss of face, lowmian(status) and lack oflian(integrity). However, this shame does not transfer todibaobecause the scheme has been transformed locally into a universal age supplement that partially fulfils the demands of filial piety and which is seen to reflect and contribute toguanxi(social influence).
Effects of a Korean version of the metacognitive training program for outpatients with schizophrenia on theory of mind, positive symptoms, and interpersonal relationships
Authors: Park Sungwon , Lee Hye Kyung , Kim Hyunlye
Published: October 2019

Background:

Since the significance of metacognition as the theoretical basis of a psychological intervention for schizophrenia first emerged, there have been ongoing attempts to restore or strengthen patients’ metacognitive abilities.

Aim:

A Korean version of the metacognitive training (MCT) program was developed, and its effects on theory of mind, positive and negative symptoms, and interpersonal relationships were examined in stable outpatients with schizophrenia.

Method:

A pre-test–post-test design with a control group was used. The participants were 59 outpatients (30 in experimental group, 29 in control group) registered at five mental health facilities in a city in South Korea. The developed MCT program was applied for a total of 18 sessions, 60 min per session, over a period of 14 weeks. The hinting task, false belief task, Scale for the Assessment of Positive and Negative Symptoms, and Relationship Change Scale were used to verify the effects of this program. Data were analysed by the chi-square test,t-test, and Mann–WhitneyU-test using the SPSS/PASW 18.0 statistics program.

Results:

The general characteristics, intelligence, and outcome variables of the two groups were homogeneous. After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvements in theory of mind, positive and negative symptoms and interpersonal relationships compared with the control group.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that the MCT program can be a complementary psychotherapy that contributes to symptom relief and interpersonal functioning in patients with schizophrenia, and is effective in the Korean culture, beyond the Western context.
WEIGHTED CORE–EP INVERSE AND WEIGHTED CORE–EP PRE-ORDERS IN A -ALGEBRA
Authors: MOSIĆ DIJANA
Published: October 2019

We define extensions of the weighted core–EP inverse and weighted core–EP pre-orders of bounded linear operators on Hilbert spaces to elements of a
$C^{\ast }$
-algebra. Some properties of the weighted core–EP inverse and weighted core–EP pre-orders are generalized and some new ones are proved. Using the weighted element, the weighted core–EP pre-order, the minus partial order and the star partial order of certain elements, new weighted pre-orders are presented on the set of all
$wg$
-Drazin invertible elements of a
$C^{\ast }$
-algebra. Applying these results, we introduce and characterize new partial orders which extend the core–EP pre-order to a partial order.
Low vitamin B12 level and vitamin D level adversely affect on cochlear health in women
Authors: Karaer Isil , Akalın Yahya
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The aim of this study is to examine the association between low serum vitamin B12 levels and low serum vitamin D levels and cochlear health in women. A prospective case–control study was carried out in the Department of Otolaryngology, Malatya Training and Research Hospital between 2017–2018. Thirty (30) patients with vitamin B12 deficiency (a mean age of 32.5 ± 1.7 years(y) women); 30 patients with vitamin D deficiency (a mean age of 32.3 ± 1.58 y women) and 30 controls (a mean age of 27.8 ± 1.48 y women) were recruited. The study participants have no evidence of symptomatic hearing loss. Transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) of the study participants were recorded. A comparative analysis of the parameters revealed that results at TEOAE 1,2,3,4 kHz (p = 0.013, p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively) and at DPOAE 1, 2, 6 kHz ( p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively) were somewhat lower in patients with vitamin B12 deficient group when compared with the controls. Moreover, TEOAE 3,4 kHz (p = 0.005, p = 0.013 respectively) and DPOAE 1,2,6 kHz (p = 0.005, p = 0.01, p = 0.031, respectively) were lower in the vitamin D deficiency group compared with the controls. There was a significant association between both vitamin B12 deficiency and vitamin D deficiency and cochlear health. Patients with vitamin B12 and vitamin D deficiency should be evaluated for cochlear function.
Yet Again, Warmer Winter Looms for U.S.
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: October 2019

NOAA’s winter forecasts are less confident than usual except in Alaska and Hawaii. Expect to see a lot of weather variability in the coming months.
Geochemistry of Fluid Inclusions in Travertines From Western and Northern Turkey: Inferences on the Role of Active Faults in Fluids Circulation
Authors: Rizzo Andrea Luca , Uysal I. Tonguc , Mutlu Halim , Ünal‐İmer Ezgi , Dirik Kadir , Yüce Galip , Caracausi Antonio , Italiano Francesco , Misseri Mariagrazia , Temel Abidin , Bayarı Serdar , Özyurt Nur , Zhao Jian‐xin , Deniz Kıymet
Published: October 2019

The understanding of the relationship between the geochemistry of fluids circulating during travertine deposition and the presence of active faults is crucial for evaluating the seismogenetic potential of an area. Here we investigate travertines from Pamukkale and Reşadiye (Turkey), sited in seismic regions and next to thermal springs. These travertines formed ~24,500–50,000 (Pamukkale) and ~240–14,600 years (Reşadiye) BP. We characterize fluid inclusions (FIs) and studied concentration of H2O, CO2, O2 + N2, and 3He, 4He, 20Ne, and 40Ar, and bulk composition (trace elements and δ13C‐δ18O). FIs from both localities are mainly primary with low salinity and homogenization temperature around 136–140 °C. H2O is the major component followed by CO2, with the highest gas content measured in Pamukkale travertines. Concentrations of Ne‐Ar together with O2 + N2 indicate that travertines from both areas precipitated from atmosphere‐derived fluids. The 3He/4He is 0.5–1.3 Ra in Pamukkale and 0.9–4.4 Ra in Reşadiye. Samples with R/Ra > 1 are modified by cosmogenic 3He addition during exposure to cosmic rays. Excluding these data, FIs of Reşadiye are mostly atmosphere‐derived. This implies a shallow formation where the circulation was dominated by meteoric waters, which is consistent with their young age. Instead, FIs of Pamukkale show mixing of mantle‐, crustal‐, and atmosphere‐derived He, indicating that these travertines formed in lithospheric fractures. Based on the δ13CCO2 and δ18O of bulk rocks, we infer that travertines formed involving crustal‐ (mechanochemical rather than organic) and mantle‐derived CO2. Trace elements of Pamukkale and Reşadiye show comparable rare earth element patterns. We conclude that travertines formed in response of seismogenetic activity.
Thank You to Our 2018 Peer Reviewers
Authors: Faccenna Claudio , Becker Thorsten W. , Blichert‐Toft Janne , Edmonds Marie , Feinberg Joshua M. , Faul Ulrich , Long Maureen D. , Paytan Adina , Williams Branwen
Published: October 2019

The editorial and scientific publishing process relies on the sustained work of volunteer reviewers, and evaluating the inter‐disciplinary and broad interest papers published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems can be a particular challenge. As editors and associated editors, we are therefore hugely appreciative of the efforts of our reviewers, and would like to thank and acknowledge them in this editorial. G‐Cubed published 271 manuscripts in 2018, and for this we were able to rely on the efforts of 873 dedicated reviewers. A big thank you from the G‐Cubed team!
Variations in the Intensity and Spatial Extent of Tropical Cyclone Precipitation
Authors: Touma Danielle , Stevenson Samantha , Camargo Suzana J. , Horton Daniel E. , Diffenbaugh Noah S.
Published: October 2019

The intensity and spatial extent of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) often shapes the risk posed by landfalling storms. Here we provide a comprehensive climatology of landfalling TCP characteristics as a function of tropical cyclone strength, using daily precipitation station data and Atlantic U.S. landfalling tropical cyclone tracks from 1900 to 2017. We analyze the intensity and spatial extent of ≥1 mm/day TCP (Z1) and ≥50 mm/day TCP (Z50) over land. We show that the highest median intensity and largest median spatial extent of Z1 and Z50 occur for major hurricanes that have weakened to tropical storms, indicating greater flood risk despite weaker wind speeds. We also find some signs of TCP change in recent decades. In particular, for major hurricanes that have weakened to tropical storms, Z50 intensity has significantly increased, indicating possible increases in flood risk to coastal communities in more recent years.
Importance of Ambipolar Electric Field in Driving Ion Loss From Mars: Results From a Multifluid MHD Model With the Electron Pressure Equation Included
Authors: Ma Y. J. , Dong C. F. , Toth G. , van der Holst B. , Nagy A. F. , Russell C. T. , Bougher S. , Fang Xiaohua , Halekas J. S. , Espley J. R. , Mahaffy P. R. , Benna M. , McFadden J. , Jakosky B. M.
Published: October 2019

The multifluid (MF) magnetohydrodynamic model of Mars is improved by solving an additional electron pressure equation. Through the electron pressure equation, the electron temperature is calculated based on the effects from various electron‐related heating and cooling processes (e.g., photoelectron heating, electron‐neutral collision, and electron‐ion collision), and thus, the improved model can calculate the electron temperature and the electron pressure force terms self‐consistently. Model results of a typical case using the MF with electron pressure equation included model are compared in detail to identical cases using the MF and multispecies models to identify the effect of the improved physics. We find that when the electron pressure equation is included, the general interaction patterns are similar to those with no electron pressure equation. However, the MF with electron pressure equation included model predicts that the electron temperature is much larger than the ion temperature in the ionosphere, consistent with both Viking and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations. Using our numerical model, we also examined in detail the relative importance of different forces in the plasma interaction region. All three models are also applied to a MAVEN event study using identical input conditions; overall, the improved model matches best with MAVEN observations. All of the simulation cases are examined in terms of the total ion loss, and the results show that the inclusion of the electron pressure equation increases the escape rates by 50–110% in total mass, depending on solar condition and strong crustal field orientation, clearly demonstrating the importance of the ambipolar electric field in facilitating ion escape.
HIWIND Observation of Summer Season Polar Cap Thermospheric Winds
Authors: Wu Qian , Knipp Delores , Liu Jing , Wang Wenbin , Varney Roger , Gillies Robert , Erickson Phil , Greffen Michael , Reimer Ashton , Häggström Ingemar , Jee Geonhwa , Kwak Young‐Sil
Published: October 2019

HIWIND (High altitude Interferometer WIND experiment) is a balloon‐borne Fabry Perot interferometer for daytime thermospheric wind observations. In this paper, we examine the summer polar cap thermospheric winds observed by HIWIND with the RISR‐C (Resolute Incoherent Scatter Radar‐Canada) observed ion drifts and electron densities. We also perform National Center for Atmospheric Research Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model simulations to compare with the HIWIND and RISR‐C observations. The standard Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model underestimates the high‐latitude electron density and overestimates the thermospheric winds. The discrepancies between modeled and observed meridional winds are large near midnight and noon. After increasing the energy flux in the polar cap drizzle, the simulated electron density is comparable with the RISR‐C observations. However, large discrepancies with the HIWIND‐observed thermospheric winds persist. The cause of the model versus observation discrepancy in winds is probably due to the processes outside the polar cap.
Druggable genome in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its co-morbid conditions. New avenues for treatment
Authors: Hegvik Tor-Arne , Waløen Kai , Pandey Sunil K. , Faraone Stephen V. , Haavik Jan , Zayats Tetyana
Published: October 2019

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with only symptomatic care available. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies can provide a starting point in the search for novel drug targets and possibilities of drug repurposing. Here, we explored the druggable genome in ADHD by utilising GWA studies on ADHD and its co-morbid conditions. First, we explored whether the genes targeted by current ADHD drugs show association with the disorder and/or its co-morbidities. Second, we aimed to identify genes and pathways involved in the biological processes underlying ADHD that can be targeted by pharmacological agents. These ADHD-associated druggable genes and pathways were also examined in co-morbidities of ADHD, as commonalities in their aetiology and management may lead to novel pharmacological insights. Strikingly, none of the genes encoding targets of first-line pharmacotherapeutics for ADHD were significantly associated with the disorder, suggesting that FDA-approved ADHD drugs may act through different mechanisms than those underlying ADHD. In the examined druggable genome, three loci on chromosomes 1, 4 and 12 revealed significant association with ADHD and contained nine druggable genes, five of which encode established drug targets for malignancies, autoimmune and neurodevelopmental disorders. To conclude, we present a framework to assess the druggable genome in a disorder, exemplified by ADHD. We highlight signal transduction and cell adhesion as potential novel avenues for ADHD treatment. Our findings add to knowledge on known ADHD drugs and present the exploration of druggable genome associated with ADHD, which may offer interventions at the aetiological level of the disorder.
Quantifying operational lifetimes for coal power plants under the Paris goals
Authors: Cui Ryna Yiyun , Hultman Nathan , Edwards Morgan R. , He Linlang , Sen Arijit , Surana Kavita , McJeon Haewon , Iyer Gokul , Patel Pralit , Yu Sha , Nace Ted , Shearer Christine
Published: October 2019

A rapid transition away from unabated coal use is essential to fulfilling the Paris climate goals. However, many countries are actively building and operating coal power plants. Here we use plant-level data to specify alternative trajectories for coal technologies in an integrated assessment model. We then quantify cost-effective retirement pathways for global and country-level coal fleets to limit long-term temperature change. We present our results using a decision-relevant metric: the operational lifetime limit. Even if no new plants are built, the lifetimes of existing units are reduced to approximately 35 years in a well-below 2 °C scenario or 20 years in a 1.5 °C scenario. The risk of continued coal expansion, including the near-term growth permitted in some Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), is large. The lifetime limits for both 2 °C and 1.5 °C are reduced by 5 years if plants under construction come online and 10 years if all proposed projects are built.
Utilizing solar energy to improve the oxygen evolution reaction kinetics in zinc–air battery
Authors: Liu Xiaorui , Yuan Yifei , Liu Jie , Liu Bin , Chen Xu , Ding Jia , Han Xiaopeng , Deng Yida , Zhong Cheng , Hu Wenbin
Published: October 2019

Directly harvesting solar energy for battery charging represents an ultimate solution toward low-cost, green, efficient and sustainable electrochemical energy storage. Here, we design a sunlight promotion strategy into rechargeable zinc–air battery with significantly reduced charging potential below the theoretical cell voltage of zinc–air batteries. The sunlight-promoted zinc–air battery using BiVO4 or α-Fe2O3 air photoelectrode achieves a record-low charge potential of ~1.20 and ~1.43 V, respectively, under illumination, which is lowered by ~0.5–0.8 V compared to the typical charge voltage of ~2 V in conventional zinc–air battery. The band structure and photoelectrochemical stability of photoelectrodes are found to be key factors determining the charging performance of sunlight-promoted zinc–air batteries. The introduction of photoelectrode as an air electrode opens a facile way for developing integrated single-unit zinc–air batteries that can efficiently use solar energy to overcome the high charging overpotential of conventional zinc–air batteries.
Resident memory T cells are a cellular reservoir for HIV in the cervical mucosa
Authors: Cantero-Pérez Jon , Grau-Expósito Judith , Serra-Peinado Carla , Rosero Daniela A. , Luque-Ballesteros Laura , Astorga-Gamaza Antonio , Castellví Josep , Sanhueza Tamara , Tapia Gustavo , Lloveras Belen , Fernández Marco A. , Prado Julia G. , Solé-Sedeno Josep M. , Tarrats Antoni , Lecumberri Carla , Mañalich-Barrachina Laura , Centeno-Mediavilla Cristina , Falcó Vicenç , Buzon Maria J. , Genescà Meritxell
Published: October 2019

HIV viral reservoirs are established very early during infection. Resident memory T cells (TRM) are present in tissues such as the lower female genital tract, but the contribution of this subset of cells to the pathogenesis and persistence of HIV remains unclear. Here, we show that cervical CD4+TRM display a unique repertoire of clusters of differentiation, with enrichment of several molecules associated with HIV infection susceptibility, longevity and self-renewing capacities. These protein profiles are enriched in a fraction of CD4+TRM expressing CD32. Cervical explant models show that CD4+TRM preferentially support HIV infection and harbor more viral DNA and protein than non-TRM. Importantly, cervical tissue from ART-suppressed HIV+ women contain high levels of viral DNA and RNA, being the TRM fraction the principal contributor. These results recognize the lower female genital tract as an HIV sanctuary and identify CD4+TRM as primary targets of HIV infection and viral persistence. Thus, strategies towards an HIV cure will need to consider TRM phenotypes, which are widely distributed in tissues.
Decoupling of brain function from structure reveals regional behavioral specialization in humans
Authors: Preti Maria Giulia , Van De Ville Dimitri
Published: October 2019

The brain is an assembly of neuronal populations interconnected by structural pathways. Brain activity is expressed on and constrained by this substrate. Therefore, statistical dependencies between functional signals in directly connected areas can be expected higher. However, the degree to which brain function is bound by the underlying wiring diagram remains a complex question that has been only partially answered. Here, we introduce the structural-decoupling index to quantify the coupling strength between structure and function, and we reveal a macroscale gradient from brain regions more strongly coupled, to regions more strongly decoupled, than expected by realistic surrogate data. This gradient spans behavioral domains from lower-level sensory function to high-level cognitive ones and shows for the first time that the strength of structure-function coupling is spatially varying in line with evidence derived from other modalities, such as functional connectivity, gene expression, microstructural properties and temporal hierarchy.
Dynamic multiphase semi-crystalline polymers based on thermally reversible pyrazole-urea bonds
Authors: Liu Wen-Xing , Yang Zhusheng , Qiao Zhi , Zhang Long , Zhao Ning , Luo Sanzhong , Xu Jian
Published: October 2019

Constructing responsive and adaptive materials by dynamic covalent bonds is an attractive strategy in material design. Here, we present a kind of dynamic covalent polyureas which can be prepared from the highly efficient polyaddition reaction of pyrazoles and diisocyanates at ambient temperature in the absence of a catalyst. Owing to multiphase structural design, poly(pyrazole-ureas) (PPzUs) show excellent mechanical properties and unique crystallization behavior. Besides, the crosslinked PPzUs can be successfully recycled upon heating (~130 °C) and the molecular-level blending of polyurea and polyurethane is realized. Theoretical studies prove that the reversibility of pyrazole-urea bonds (PzUBs) arises from the unique aromatic nature of pyrazole and the N-assisting intramolecular hydrogen transfer process. The PzUBs could further broaden the scope of dynamic covalent bonds and are very promising in the fields of dynamic materials.
QM-sym, a symmetrized quantum chemistry database of 135 kilo molecules
Authors: Liang Jiechun , Xu Yanheng , Liu Rulin , Zhu Xi
Published: October 2019

Applying deep learning methods in materials science research is an important way of solving the time-consuming problems of typical ab initio quantum chemistry methodology, but due to the size of large molecules, large and uncharted fields still exist. Implementing symmetry information can significantly reduce the calculation complexity of structures, as they can be simplified to the minimum symmetric units. Because there are few quantum chemistry databases that include symmetry information, we constructed a new one, named QM-sym, by designing an algorithm to generate 135k organic molecules with the Cnh symmetry composite. Those generated molecules were optimized to a stable state using Gaussian 09. The geometric, electronic, energetic, and thermodynamic properties of the molecules were calculated, including their orbital degeneracy states and orbital symmetry around the HOMO-LUMO. The basic symmetric units were also included. This database p rovides consistent and comprehensive quantum chemical properties for structures with Cnh symmetries. QM-sym can be used as a benchmark for machine learning models in quantum chemistry or as a dataset for training new symmetry-based models.
Publisher Correction: Novel multiplex PCR-SSP method for centromeric KIR allele discrimination
Authors: Le Luduec Jean-Benoît , Kudva Anupa , Boudreau Jeanette E. , Hsu Katharine C.
Published: October 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Light scattering effect of polyvinyl-alcohol/titanium dioxide nanofibers in the dye-sensitized solar cell
Authors: Mustafa Muhammad Norhaffis , Shafie Suhaidi , Wahid Mohd Haniff , Sulaiman Yusran
Published: October 2019

In the present work, polyvinyl-alcohol/titanium dioxide (PVA/TiO2) nanofibers are utilized as a light scattering layer (LSL) on top of the TiO2 nanoparticles photoanode. The TiO2 nanoparticles decorated PVA/TiO2 nanofibers display a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.06%, which is 33% higher than TiO2 nanoparticles without LSL, demonstrating the incorporation of PVA/TiO2 nanofibers as LSL reduces the radiation loss and increases the excitation of the electron that leads to high PCE. The incorporation of PVA/TiO2 nanofibers as LSL also increases the electron life time and charge collection efficiency in comparison to the TiO2 nanoparticles without LSL.
Many-particle excitations in non-covalently doped single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Eremin Timofei V. , Obraztsov Petr A. , Velikanov Vladimir A. , Shubina Tatiana V. , Obraztsova Elena D.
Published: October 2019

Doping of single-walled carbon nanotubes leads to the formation of new energy levels which are able to participate in optical processes. Here, we investigate (6,5)-single walled carbon nanotubes doped in a solution of hydrochloric acid using optical absorption, photoluminescence, and pump-probe transient absorption techniques. We find that, beyond a certain level of doping, the optical spectra of such nanotubes exhibit the spectral features related to two doping-induced levels, which we assign to a localized exciton $$X$$
X
and a trion T, appearing in addition to an ordinary exciton $${E}_{1}$$

E

1

. We evaluate the formation and relaxation kinetics of respective states and demonstrate that the kinetics difference between E1 and X energy levels perfectly matches the kinetics of the state T. This original finding evidences the formation of trions through nonradiative relaxation via the $$X$$
X
level, rather than via a direct optical excitation from the ground energy state of nanotubes.