bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Acute Increases in Intraocular Pressure on Corneal Pachymetry in Rabbit Eyes Treated with Timolol Maleate
Authors: Sánchez-Barahona Cristina , Bolívar Gema , Mikropoulos Dimitrios G. , Konstas Anastasios G. , Teus Miguel A.
Published: January 2019

Objective:

To evaluate in an in vivo rabbit model, the effect of topical timolol maleate therapy on the central corneal thickness response to acute intraocular pressure increases.

Method:

In this prospective and interventional controlled study, the central corneal thickness and intraocular pressure were measured in vivo in 12 rabbit eyes treated with topical timolol maleate for 1 month and in 12 controls at baseline, and after the intraocular pressure (measured by direct cannulation of the anterior chamber) was increased to 15 and 30 mmHg using a forced saline infusion into the anterior chamber.

Results:

There were no significant differences in the basal central corneal thickness values (control group, 373.2±12.9 µm; study group, 377.5±19.2 µm, p=0.5) or the central corneal thickness values when the intraocular pressure was increased to 15 mmHg (control group, 335.2±14.3 µm; study group, 330.0±32.1 µm, p=0.6) and to 30 mmHg (study group, 318.8±25.3 µm; control group, 329.8±21.0 µm, p=0.3).

Conclusion:

Rabbit corneas treated with topical timolol maleate for 1 month did not show a strain response to acute intraocular pressure increases that differed from control eyes. This is in contrast to a previous finding in which rabbit eyes treated with prostaglandin analogues had a greater decrease in central corneal thickness in response to a sudden intraocular pressure increase compared with untreated corneas.
Preparation and In-vitro Evaluation of Levan Micelles: A Polyfructan Based Nano-carrier for Breast Cancer Targeted Delivery
Authors: Patel Parth , Agrawal Yadvendrakumar
Published: January 2019

Background:

Levans are biopolymers of fructose, produced by different microorganisms.
Fructose present in the levan micelles binds with the Glucose Transporter 5 (GLUT 5) which is overexpressed
in the breast cancer cells.

Objective:

Increased solubility of paclitaxel by loading in the GLUT 5 transporter targeted levan-based
micelles may enhance its bioavailability and facilitate a targeted delivery to the breast cancer cells.

Methods and Results:

Critical micelle concentration of levan with an average molecular weight of
800,000 Dalton was found to be 0.125µM corresponding to 0.1mg/mL using pyrene I3/I1 method. At
critical micelle concentration (CMC), levan formed very mono-disperse (PDI-0.082) micellar particles
with a particle size of 153.1 ± 2.31nm and -14.6 ± 2mV zeta potential. In-vitro drug release study was
performed to identify the fit kinetic model along with Fourier transform infrared analysis and Differential
scanning calorimetry studies. In-vitro kinetic model fitting revealed first-order drug release from
the prepared micellar composition. The drug-loaded micellar composition was studied for its anticancer
activity in breast cancer cell line. The IC50 value obtained was 1.525 ± 0.11nM on MCF7 cell line.

Conclusion:

Paclitaxel micelles showed a nineteen-fold improvement in the IC50 value compared to
free paclitaxel. Hemocompatibility study was performed with a view to parenteral administration. This
solution containing drug was found to be hemocompatible when added to bovine blood in 1:4 ration.
Micelles are proven fairly compatible on the basis of hemolysis test results.
Pengetahuan Ibu, Dukungan Sosial, dan Dukungan Tenaga Kesehatan terhadap Keputusan Memberikan ASI Eksklusif
Authors: Mawaddah Shohipatul , Barlianto Wisnu , Nurdiana Nurdiana
Published: January 2019

Abstrak Praktek di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa masih banyak ibu yang tidak memberikan ASI eksklusif. Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) merupakan daerah yang berhasil memberikan ASI eksklusif. Wilayah Gangga memiliki cakupan terendah di NTB yaitu 30,4%. Penelitian ini mencoba menggali secara bersamaan prediktor munculnya masalah yang ada di wilayah Gangga yaitu berupa pengetahuan ibu, dukungan sosial baik dari suami, keluarga dan teman serta dukungan dari tenaga kesehatan. Desain penelitian observasional analitik cross-sectional digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan memberikan kuesioner pada 165 responden yang memiliki bayi usia lebih dari 6-12 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya 38,2% responden memutuskan memberikan ASI eksklusif di Gangga. Hasil uji regresi logistik bineri pada model terbaik menunjukkan variabel yang paling kuat berpengaruh berturut-turut adalah dukungan sosial suami (p=0,001), dukungan tenaga kesehatan (p=0,016), dukungan sosial keluarga (p=0,020) dan dukungan sosial teman (p=0,049). Sedangkan pengetahuan ibu (p=0,171) memiliki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan. Tingginya pengetahuan, besarnya dukungan sosial suami, keluarga, dan teman serta dukungan tenaga kesehatan secara simultan memiliki pengaruh terhadap keputusan ibu dalam memberikan ASI eksklusif.Kata Kunci : Pengetahuan, dukungan sosial, dukungan tenaga kesehatan, ASI eksklusifÂ Abstract The real practices show that there are still many mothers who do not give exclusive breastfeeding. West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province is an area that shows successful exclusive breastfeeding. Gangga area has the lowest coverage in NTB, as much as 30.4%. This research tried to simultaneously explore the predictors of the emergence of problems that exist in Gangga region in the form of motherâ€™s knowledge, social supports from husband, family, and friends, and also support from health workers. A cross-sectional observational analytic design was used in this study by providing questionnaires to 165 respondents who had babies older than 6-12 months. The results show only 38.2% of respondents in Gangga decide to give exclusive breastfeeding. From binary logistic regression test result in the best model, the strongest influential variables consecutively are husbandâ€™s social support (p=0.001), health personnel support (p=0.016, familyâ€™s social support (p=0.020) and friendâ€™s social support (p=0.049). While motherâ€™s knowledge (p=0.171) shows insignificant influence. The high level of knowledge, the amount of social support of husband, family, and friends, and support of health workers simultaneously have an influence on the mother's decision in giving exclusive breastfeeding. Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, health personnel support, knowledge, social support
Extent of Elder Abuse Training in Dental Hygiene Curricula and Program Directors’ Perceptions of Importance of and Barriers to Implementation
Authors: Chapa Rebel L. , Hicks Beatriz M. , Prihoda Thomas J. , Smiley Lynn A. , Englehart Lisa M. , Taverna Melanie V.
Published: January 2019

Research published in 2002 reported limited elder abuse training in U.S. dental hygiene curricula although its importance has increased with an aging population. The aims of this study were to determine the current extent of elder abuse training in U.S. dental hygiene curricula and to explore dental hygiene program directors’ perspectives on the topic. A 25‐item online survey was distributed to all 361 program directors, coordinators, and/or department chairs of Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA)‐accredited dental hygiene programs via email in August 2017. A response rate of 27.2% (n=98) was achieved. A large percentage of the respondents (83.3%) included elder abuse training in their program curricula; for most (58.7%), one to three curriculum hours were spent on the topic. A large percentage (89%) agreed the topic was at least somewhat important to include, and 29.5% said a personal or professional elder abuse experience influenced the depth of instruction at their program. Various barriers to inclusion were identified. At least 40% of these educators perceived their graduates to be appropriately competent in their ability to recognize elders’ oral neglect (63.5%) and general neglect (48.7%) and to document potential signs of elder abuse (43.8%). Lower percentages perceived that their graduates were competent in the areas of communication regarding elder abuse (21.9%) and reporting suspected abuse (32.4%). Despite rising awareness about elder abuse among dental hygienists and widespread incorporation of the subject in dental hygiene curricula, these results suggest that there are still deficiencies in training. To prepare dental hygiene graduates to confidently recognize and respond to elder abuse, educators should seek to overcome barriers by modifying instruction and embracing interprofessional collaboration.
Perceptions of Stress Among Dental Students Living in a War‐Affected Zone
Authors: Arheiam Arheiam A. , Tantawi Maha El , Al-Omami Marwan , Peeran Syed W. , Elmisalati Waeil
Published: January 2019

The aims of this study were to assess the perceived levels and sources of stress for Libyan dental students living in a war zone and to compare the results of those students with students living in conflict‐free areas in the same country. Eight hundred randomly selected students from three Libyan dental schools in conflict‐active and conflict‐free regions were invited to participate in a survey in 2016. The survey instrument was the validated Dental Environment Stress (DES) questionnaire translated into Arabic. Responses to the 41 items were on a five‐point scale from 0=not stressful at all to 4=very stressful. The response rate was 84.4% (675/800). The results showed that the respondents’ overall mean score of stress perception was 2.5 (SD 0.6). There was a statistically significant difference in overall perceived stress between the two groups (p<0.001), with a significantly higher level of stress on five of the six domains for students in the conflict‐free zones. For the combined groups, the workload and faculty administration domains had the highest stress scores: mean 3.1 (SD 0.7) and 2.8 (0.7), respectively. Overall, living in conflict‐free areas for these students was associated with higher perceived dental school stress than for the students living in a war zone. Stresses of dental school in the conflict‐active zone were likely perceived to be relatively less important against the backdrop of stressors imposed by the conflict outside school. Although the overall score of stress perception for these Libyan dental students was comparable to that found in other countries, the perceived stress among students in conflict‐active regions was generally lower but varied by domain.
The Patient Management and Professionalism Scale to Assess Dental Students’ Behavior in Clinic
Authors: Ramaswamy Vidya
Published: January 2019

The Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) is a widely used instrument based on a personality framework measuring five dimensions: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Openness to Experiences. The aim of this study was to establish a scale to assess dental students’ professionalism by adding to the TIPI's five dimensions a set of descriptors that define professional behavior in dental students. The resulting Patient Management and Professionalism Scale (PMPS) was then tested with a cohort of graduating students at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry. To develop the scale, one clinic director and a patient care coordinator from four clinics wrote descriptive statements for each of the five dimensions based on their observations of dental students in the context of their clinical experiences. These descriptors were compiled into a single scale. The PMPS demonstrated good scale reliability and interrater agreement and correlated significantly with students’ patient management grade scores and cumulative GPA at the end of their fourth year. Exploratory factor analysis showed the presence of a single factor (professionalism) with all five dimensions loading highly on this factor, accounting for 66% of variance in scores. While a useful standardized measure to assess professionalism in dental students, the PMPS also has a flexible format that makes it easy for other schools to use.
The accuracy of the cheating detection methods in large-scale tests: mathematics national examination
Authors: Nulangi Thomas Mbenu , Mardapi Djemari
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to describe (1) the characteristics of items based on the Item Response Theory, (2) the cheating level in the implementation of the national examinartion based on Angoffs B-Index method, Pair 1 method, Pair 2 method, Modified Error Similarity Analysis (MESA) method, and G2 method, (3) the most accurate method to detect the cheating in the mathematics national examination at the senior secondary school level in the academic year of 2015/2016 in East Nusa Tenggara Province. The result of the item response theory analysis showed that 17 (42.5%) items of the mathematics national examination fit with the 3-PL model, with the maximum information function of 58.0128 at 1.6, and the measurement error of 0.1313. The number of pairs detected to be cheating by Angoff’s B-Index method was 63 pairs, that by the Pair 1 method was 52 pairs, that by the Pair 2 method was 141 pairs, that by MESA method was 67 pairs, and that by the G2 method was 183 pairs. The methods which could detect most pairs doing cheating were the G2 method, the Pair 2 method, the MESA method, Angoff’s B-Index method, and the Pair 1 method successively. The methods which could accurately detect cheating based on the computation of the standard error were Angoff’s B-Index method, the G2 method, the MESA method, the Pair 1 method, and the Pair 2 method successively.
Evaluasi pemanfaatan laboratorium pada diklat pengendali hama dan penyakit ikan di Balai Diklat Aparatur Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan
Authors: Nugroho Fajar
Published: January 2019

Keberadaan laboratorium menjadi hal yang penting dalam pelaksanaan Diklat Pengendali Hama dan Penyakit Ikan (PHPI) oleh karena itu Balai Diklat Aparatur (BDA) Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) bekerjasama dengan Stasiun Karantina Ikan Kelas II Cirebon pada tahun 2014 membangun laboratorium uji karantina ikan di lingkungan kampus BDA KKP. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemanfaatan laboratorium Diklat PHPI dengan mengukur perubahan kepuasan peserta terhadap ketersediaan media pembelajaran dan kelengkapan fasilitas belajar mengajar, nilai hasil belajar, peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan peserta sebelum dan setelah laboratorium digunakan. Data diperoleh melalui pengisian angket/ kuesioner evaluasi pelaksanaan diklat kepada peserta. Validitas dan reabilitas instrumen telah diuji sehingga istrumen dapat digunakan dengan valid dan reliabel. Uji t dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan nilai pengukuran sebelum dan sesudah laboratorium beroperasi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa semua indikator meningkat setelah operasionalisasi laboratorium di BDA. Secara statistik kepuasan peserta terhadap kelengkapan fasilitas pembelajaran dan keterampilan peserta meningkat signifikan. Adapun peningkatan pengetahuan peserta, peningkatan kepuasan peserta terhadap kelengkapan media pembelajaran dan peningkatan nilai hasil belajar peserta, secara statistik tidak meningkat signifikan.Kata kunci: evaluasi, diklat, laboratorium, pemanfaatan, PHPI THE EVALUATION OF LABORATORY UTILIZATION ON FISH QUARANTINE OFFICERS TRAINING IN MARINE AND FISHERIES OFFICERS TRAINING CENTER, MINISTRY OF MARINE AFFAIRS AND FISHERIESAbstractThe laboratory become inseparable in Fish Quarantine Officer Training. Therefore, Marine and Fisheries Officers Training Center (MFO TC) in collaboration with Cirebon Fish Quarantine Office build the fish quarantine laboratorium in MFO TC campus in 2014. This study was conducted to evaluate the lab utilitazion by measure the change of training participans satisfaction in learning media and facilities, participans final grade, and cognitive/knowledge and psychomotor skill enhancement before and after laboratory operationalization. Data were collected by distributed the evaluation questionnaire. The instruments were used in this study valid and reliable according to the result of the instrument’s validity and reability test. T-test two samples for means was used to analyse the differences of measurement before and after laboratory operationalization. Statistically, psychomotor skill enhancement and training participans satisfaction in facilities were significant increased after laboratory operationalization. Knowledge enhancement, training participans satisfaction in learning media and final grade were insignificant increased.Keywords: fish quarantine officer, laboratory, evaluating, utilization, training
Construct validity of creative thinking skills instrument for biology student teachers in the subject of human physiology
Authors: Pada Andi Ulfa Tenri , Mustakim Siti Salina , Subali Bambang
Published: January 2019

This article discusses the construct validity of the creative thinking skill instrument supporting a conation idea aspect for biology student-teachers in the subject of Human Physiology. Two hundred and eighteen students participated in this study. Construct validity was obtained through Confirmatory Factor Analysis technique  (CFA). Reliability was estimated by composite reliability. Findings show that the construct validity and the reliability of the instrument are high. A thorough discussion on the findings and future implications are provided towards the end of this paper.
A Technology-Assisted, Brief Mind-Body Intervention to Improve the Waiting Room Experience for Chemotherapy Patients: Randomized Quality Improvement Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bao Ting , Deng Gary , DeMarzo Lauren A , Zhi W Iris , DeRito Janice L , Blinder Victoria , Chen Connie , Li Qing S , Green Jamie , Pendleton Eva , Mao Jun J
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Patients waiting for chemotherapy can experience stress, anxiety, nausea, and pain. Acupressure and meditation have been shown to control such symptoms.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an integrative medicine app to educate patients about these self-care tools in chemotherapy waiting rooms.

METHODS

We screened and enrolled cancer patients in chemotherapy waiting rooms at two Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center locations. Patients were randomly assigned into an intervention arm in which subjects watched acupressure and meditation instructional videos or a control arm in which they watched a time- and attention-matched integrative oncology lecture video. Before and after watching the videos, we asked the patients to rate four key symptoms: stress, anxiety, nausea, and pain. We performed the analysis of covariance to detect differences between the two arms postintervention while controlling for baseline symptoms.

RESULTS

A total of 223 patients were enrolled in the study: 113 patients were enrolled in the intervention arm and 110 patients were enrolled in the control arm. In both groups, patients showed significant reductions in stress and anxiety from baseline (all P<.05), with the treatment arm reporting greater stress and anxiety reduction than the control arm (1.64 vs 1.15 in stress reduction; P=.01 and 1.39 vs 0.78 in anxiety reduction; P=.002). The majority of patients reported that the videos helped them pass time and that they would watch the videos again.

CONCLUSIONS

An integrative medicine self-care app in the waiting room improved patients’ experiences and reduced anxiety and stress. Future research could focus on expanding this platform to other settings to improve patients’ overall treatment experiences.
Text Message Reminders and Unconditional Monetary Incentives to Improve Measles Vaccination in Western Kenya: Study Protocol for the Mobile and Scalable Innovations for Measles Immunization Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Gibson Dustin G , Kagucia E Wangeci , Were Joyce , Obor David , Hayford Kyla , Ochieng Benard
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Globally, 21 million children do not receive the measles vaccine each year. With high levels of mobile phone access and ownership, opportunities exist to leverage mobile health technologies to generate demand for immunization.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the Mobile and Scalable Innovations for Measles Immunization trial is to determine if text message (short message service, SMS) reminders, either with or without mobile phone–based incentives, can improve measles immunization coverage and timeliness in rural western Kenya.

METHODS

This is a 3-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial (RCT). Using simple randomization, caregivers in Siaya County, Kenya, will be randomized and evenly allocated to 1 of 3 study arms: (1) control, (2) SMS reminders only, and (3) SMS reminders plus a 150 Kenyan Shilling (KES) incentive. Participants assigned to the SMS group will be sent SMS reminders 3 days before and on the day before the measles immunization visit scheduled for when the child is 9 months of age. Participants in the incentive arm will, in addition to SMS reminders as above, be sent an unconditional 150 KES mobile-money incentive to their mobile phone 3 days before the child becomes 9 months of age. Children will be followed up to the age of 12 months to assess the primary outcome, a measles vaccination by 10 months of age. Log-binomial regressions will be used to calculate relative risks.

RESULTS

Enrollment was completed in March 2017. We enrolled 537 caregivers and their infants into the following groups: control (n=179), SMS reminders only (n=179), and SMS reminders plus 150 KES (n=179). Results will be made publicly available in 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

Few RCTs have examined the effect of text message reminders to improve measles immunization coverage. This is the first study to assess the effect of SMS reminders with and without unconditionally provided mobile-money incentives to improve measles immunization coverage.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02904642; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02904642 (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/78r7AzD2X).

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

RR1-10.2196/13221
Defining surfaces : Implant topography – a review (Preprint)
Authors: Kumar Preeti Satheesh , Grandhi Vyoma Venkatesh , Gupta Vrinda
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

. A variety of claims are made regarding the effects of surface topography on implant osseointegration. The development of implant surfaces topography has been empirical, requiring numerous in vitro and in vivo tests. Most of these tests were not standardized, using different surfaces, cell populations or animal models. The exact role of surface chemistry and topography on the early events of the osseointegration of dental implants remain poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE

This review considers the major claims made concerning the effects of titanium implant surface topography on osseointegration. The osseointegration rate of titanium dental implants is related to their composition and surface roughness. The different methods used for increasing surface roughness or applying osteoconductive coatings to titanium dental implants are reviewed. Important findings of consensus are highlighted, and existing controversies are revealed.

METHODS

This review considers many of the research publications listed in MEDLINE and presented in biomedical research publications and textbooks. Surface treatments, such as titanium plasma-spraying, grit-blasting acid-etching,alkaline etching, anodization,polymer demixing ,sol gel conversion and their corresponding surface morphologies and properties are described.

RESULTS

Many in vitro evaluations are not predictive of or correlated with in vivo outcomes. In some culture models, increased surface topography positively affects pro-osteogenic cellular activities. Many studies reveal increase in bone-to-implant contact,with increased surface topography modifications on implant surfaces.

CONCLUSIONS

Increased implant surface topography improves the bone-to-implant contact and the mechanical properties of the enhanced interface.
Evidence on the Use of Mobile Apps During the Treatment of Breast Cancer: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Cruz Flávia Oliveira Almeida Marques , Vilela Ricardo Alencar , Ferreira Elaine Barros , Melo Nilce Santos , Reis Paula Elaine Diniz Dos
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide, and breast cancer is the most common cause of death in women. Different modalities of cancer treatment can have adverse effects that reduce the quality of life of patients and lead to treatment interruptions, if not managed properly. The use of mobile technologies has brought innovative possibilities for improving health care. Mobile apps can help individuals manage their own health and well-being and may also promote healthy lifestyles and information access.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to identify available evidence on the use of mobile apps to provide information and facilitate communication regarding self-care management related to the adverse effects of toxicities owing to breast cancer therapy.

METHODS

This systematic review includes studies which were identified using a search strategy adapted for each electronic database: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, LILACS, LIVIVO, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. In addition, a gray literature search was performed using Google Scholar. All the electronic database searches were conducted on April 17, 2019. Two investigators independently reviewed the titles and abstracts of the studies identified and then read the full text of all selected papers. The quality of the included studies was analyzed by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies.

RESULTS

A total of 9 studies which met the eligibility criteria—3 randomized clinical trials and 6 nonrandomized studies published in English from 2010 to 2018—were considered for this systematic review; 396 patients with breast cancer, as well as 40 experts in the medical and nursing fields, and 3 software engineers were included.

CONCLUSIONS

The evidence from the studies included in this systematic review is currently limited but suggests that mobile apps for women with breast cancer might be an acceptable information source that can improve patient well-being; they can also be used to report symptoms and adverse treatment-related effects and promote self-care. There is a need to test more evidence-based apps in future randomized clinical trials.
Application of Mobile Health Technologies Aimed at Salt Reduction: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Ali Shahmir H , Luo Rong , Li Yuan , Liu Xiangjun , Tang Chengyao , Zhang Puhong
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

High salt consumption has contributed to the rise of noncommunicable diseases around the world. The application of mobile health (mHealth) technologies has witnessed rapid growth in recent years. However, evidence to support mHealth interventions to confront the challenge of salt reduction has not yet been critically reviewed.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to identify, characterize, and evaluate mHealth interventions aimed at salt reduction across the world.

METHODS

A systematic search of studies in English or Chinese language published from January 1, 1992 to July 31, 2017 was conducted using 4 English databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Global Health, and Cochrane) and 3 Chinese databases (Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal, and China National Knowledge of Infrastructure). All studies directly using mobile technologies in health care with a primary or secondary objective of reducing dietary salt consumption were included.

RESULTS

A total of 1609 articles were found using the search strategy, with 11 full articles (8 English and 3 Chinese) being included for data extraction, including 11 interventional studies. Overall, few high-quality interventions were identified. Most interventions were limited by small study population sample sizes, lack of control groups, and short follow-up times, all of which were obstacles in generating long-term scalable approaches. Most interventions employed short message service as a platform for mHealth interventions, whereas some innovative mHealth technologies were also explored. Most interventions had a primary focus of improving awareness of dietary salt consumption. The outcome variables used to measure intervention effectiveness included 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, spot urine sampling, dietary records, and indirect behavior or knowledge indicators targeting salt consumption. Although most interventions displayed positive outcome results, none of them provided reliable evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of salt reduction.

CONCLUSIONS

Salt reduction in mHealth initiatives remains relatively unexplored; however, studies that did intervene on salt-reduction show the potential of mHealth as an effective intervention method. We provide 3 recommendations for future mHealth interventions in salt reduction—(1) increased use of new, innovative, and interactive mHealth technologies; (2) development of mHealth interventions with primary prevention measures and goals of salt reduction; and (3) large-scale, rigorously designed, and object-targeted clinical trials of mHealth interventions with appropriate quantitative outcome variables, in particular 24-hour urine sodium.
Species Composition of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Sorong and Raja Ampat, West Papua
Authors: Linda Linda , Witjaksono Witjaksono , Suputa Suputa
Published: January 2019

Fruit fly monitoring is an important part of integrated pest management  since  it provides information  about fruit flies species composition in any given  area. The aim of this study was to find out species composition of fruit fly in the City of Sorong, and both Sorong and Raja Ampat Regencies. Sampling was conducted from June to November 2016 using trapping method. There were 19 species of fruit flies in the whole sampling locations, consist of 11 species attracted to cue lure and 8 species attracted to methyl eugenol. Bactrocera frauenfeldi was the dominant species  in trap baited with cue lure, while B. umbrosa and B. dorsalis were dominant in trap baited with methyl eugenol. Fruit fly diversity index in Raja Ampat Regency and City of Sorong were low while diversity index in Sorong Regency was relatively moderate. IntisariMonitoring lalat buah merupakan bagian penting dalam pengelolaan hama terpadu yang memberikan informasi tentang komposisi lalat buah di suatu area. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi spesies lalat buah di Kabupaten Sorong, kota Sorong dan Kabupaten Raja Ampat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan mulai dari Juni sampai November 2016 dengan metode pemasangan perangkap. Total terdapat 19 spesies lalat buah dari seluruh wilayah pengambilan sampel, dengan 11 spesies yang tertarik cue lure dan 8 spesies tertarik metil eugenol. Bactrocera frauenfeldi adalah lalat buah yang paling dominan pada perangkap dengan  atraktan cue lure sedangkan  B. dorsalis serta B. umbrosa dominan pada perangkap dengan atraktan metil eugenol. Indeks keragaman jenis lalat buah di Kabupaten Raja Ampat dan Kota Sorong termasuk rendah sedangkan di Kabupaten Sorong indeks keragamannya relatif sedang.
Potensi Parasitoid Telur dalam Mengendalikan Wereng Batang Cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) Pasca Ledakan Populasi di Kabupaten Banyumas
Authors: Minarni Endang Warih , Suyanto Agus , Kartini Kartini
Published: January 2019

This study aims to determine the type and potency of egg parasitoid in controlling brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) pests in Banyumas regency after the pest’s explosion. This research has been conducted in five districts of the endemic area of brown planthopper in Banyumas Regency, i.e. in  Jatilawang, Cilongok, Kebasen, Sumpiuh, and Kembaran. Each of the  districts was taken 5 sample villages. The testing and calculation of the level of parasitization  were done in the laboratory of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto. The research  used nest plot design, where  the first factor was the district and the second factor was the village. Village nested in  district. The data were  analyzed using F 5% test,  followed by 5% DMRT, if there were  any differences found . The results of the study were as follows: (1) The parasitoids found in Banyumas Regency were Gonatocerus sp. and Oligosita sp. with the ability to parasite 26.8−64.73%, and 1.82−31.40%; (2) the presence parasitoid has the potency  to suppress the intensity of brown planthopper attack on the vegetative phase, the intensity of attacks ranged between 6.96−23.58%, with brown planthopper population ranged from 0.84 to 27.36 individuals per hill. IntisariPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan potensi parasitoid telur dalam mengendalikan hama wereng batang coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) di Kabupaten Banyumas pasca terjadinya ledakan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di lima kecamatan daerah endemik wereng batang cokelat di wilayah Kabupaten Banyumas yaitu Kecamatan Jatilawang, Cilongok, Kebasen, Sumpiuh, Kembaran. Masing-masing kecamatan diambil 5 desa sampel. Pengujian dan penghitungan tingkat pemarasitan dilakukan di laboratorium Perlindungan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak tersarang,  dengan kecamatan sebagai faktor pertama  dan desa sebagai faktor kedua. Desa tersarang pada kecamatan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji F 5%, apabila ada perbedaan dilanjutkan dengan uji banding ganda DMRT 5 %. Adapun hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Parasitoid yang ditemukan di Kabupaten Banyumas adalah Gonatocerus sp. dan Oligosita sp. dengan kemampuan memarasit 26,8−64,73%, dan sebesar 1,82−31,40 %, (2) keberadaan parasitoid berpotensi menekan intensitas serangan hama wereng batang cokelat pada fase vegetatif, intensitas serangan berkisar antara 6,96−23,58%, dengan populasi wereng batang cokelat berkisar 0,84−27,36 individu per rumpun.
Perancangan Primer Spesifik Subspesies Berbasis Gen Endoglukanase untuk Deteksi Ralstonia syzygii subsp. syzygii
Authors: Trianom Bambang , Arwiyanto Triwidodo , Joko Tri
Published: January 2019

Ralstonia syzygii subsp. syzygii that belong to Ralstonia solanacearum species complex is the cause of Sumateran disease of clove. The disease was reported to cause widespread devastation on clove plantings in Indonesia. One of the control strategies is to reduce the spread of the disease through early detection on clove seedlings. The study aimed to design the specific primers based on endoglucanase (egl) gene of R. syzygii subsp. syzygii as a tool for early diagnosis. The analyses were conducted on development of specific primers design using egl sequences retrieved from GenBank, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), primers sensitivity and specificity test. The pair of primers UGMRss-F (5’-GCTCACCATCGC CAAGGACAGCG-3’) and UGMRss-R (5’-TTCGATCGAACGCCTGGTTGAGC-3’) could amplify R. syzygii subsp. syzygii at ~378 base pairs with 0.8 ng/µl minimum concentration of DNA. The primers was specific to R. syzygii subsp. syzygii but not to other bacterial species even in the same phylotype. IntisariRalstonia syzygii subsp. syzygii merupakan bakteri yang termasuk dalam kelompok Ralstonia solanacearum species complex yang menyebabkan penyakit Sumatera pada tanaman cengkih. Penyakit ini menyebabkan kerugian yang sangat besar dan sampai saat ini belum ditemukan cara pengendalian yang efektif. Salah satu  upaya pencegahan penyakit adalah melalui deteksi dini dan mencegah penyebaran penyakit melalui peredaran bibit dari areal yang endemis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang primer spesifik berbasis gen endoglukanase (egl) sebagai upaya deteksi dini penyakit Sumatera. Analisis yang dilakukan  meliputi  desain primer spesifik dengan menggunakan data sekuens gen egl dari GenBank, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), uji kepekaan primer dan uji kekhususan primer. Desain primer yang berhasil dirancang terdiri dari UGMRss-F (5’- GCTCACCATCGCCAAGGACAGCG-3’) dan UGMRss-R (5’-TTC GATCGAACGCCTGGTTGAGC-3’) dengan amplikon ~378 pasang basa. Pada konsentrasi DNA 0,8 ng/µl, secara peka R. syzygii subsp. syzygii masih dapat teramplifikasi dengan baik. Primer ini juga hanya dapat mendeteksi R. syzygii subsp. syzygii dan tidak untuk bakteri lain bahkan pada filotipe yang sama.
The Potential of Single Garlic Oil in Inhibiting The Growth and Damaging The Membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteria
Authors: Lestari Sri Rahayu , Witjoro Agung , Poejiani Soeyati
Published: January 2019

Nosocomial infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria is hard to be treated since the infection transmission is fast and it is resistance to the antibiotic. Antibiotic resistance in the bacteria can be treated with various natural ingredients from plants and one of the plants is single garlic. Single garlic contains organosulfur compounds in form of alliin, allicin, and ajoene. This research aimed to analyze the potential of single garlic oil (SGO) in inhibiting the growth and the damage of membrane of P. aeruginosa bacteria in in vitro with disc diffusion method by giving treatments of essential oil extract in concentration of 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 75 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml, and 1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as the negative control and Ceftazidimeof 30 µg/ml as the positive control. The damage of the bacterial cell membrane was observed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with a magnification of 25000X. The result of the measurement of the zone of inhibition was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The research results indicate that SGO could inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa bacteria with strong criteria, which was in a concentration of 100 mg/ml.
Inflation Thresholds, Economic Growth and Investment Planning In Uganda
Authors: Matte Rogers
Published: January 2019

Economic Planners, monetary policy custodians and civil society in Uganda often disagree on the target for inflation when their development objectives are not harmonised. When development economists argue for increased deficit spending in support of infrastructure development and capital accumulation, they are challenged in regards how much pressure the development budget should put on likely macroeconomic stability, particularly where inflation could rise above the inflation target. This paper examined the effect of inflation on economic growth in Uganda and evaluates the equilibrium rate of inflation in the country, given the macroeconomic environment.

Using the threshold model and data for the period 1991-2017 it is established that: a) below 7.3 percent inflation level, the relationship between inflation and economic growth is positive and inflation is not harmful to growth, while at levels above 7.3 percent, inflation was detrimental to economic growth and the relationship become negative; b) at economic growth rates above 7.8 percent, inflation was an incentive for further growth, yet at economic growth rates below 7.8 percent per annum, increases in inflation served as a dis-incentive to economic growth. Therefore Uganda in the current conditions is better off maintaining inflation below 7.3 percent as long as the anticipated economic growth is 7.8 percent.
Factores psicosociales del Bullying y las estrategias de afrontamiento como factor diferencial
Authors: SALAZAR FERNANDEZ MARISOL , Corredor Pinzón Nancy Eliana , GRANADA WILLIAM PANIAGUA , Trejos García Jenny , Valencia Puentes Adelaida
Published: January 2019

El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento aprendidas desde la formación en el hogar, empleadas por los estudiantes de grado sexto de la Institución Educativa Técnica de Occidente de la ciudad de Tuluá, frente a la presentación del Bullying.  Participaron 107 estudiantes, se empleó una adaptación del cuestionario sobre intimidación y maltrato entre iguales de Ortega, Mora-Merchán y Mora. (2009). Se evidenció que las estrategias de afrontamiento presentan íntima relación con la conformación familiar.   El impacto del fenómeno del Bullying precisa la actuación conjunta tanto de las instituciones educativas con políticas y protocolos de manejo como la intervención de los actores del conflicto escolar, pero de igual forma, se hace necesario sensibilizar a las familias frente al papel que juegan no solo como soporte, sino también, como modeladores de conductas agresivas y de las respuestas ante las mismas.
Aciertos, retos, debilidades y cuestionamientos que surgen en torno a la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, una reflexión jurídico-educativa
Authors: Santiago Pajajoy Manuel José , Mora Pedreros Paula Andrea , Betancur Giraldo Héctor Alfredo
Published: January 2019

El gobierno escolar es una actividad formal que se realiza anualmente en la educación básica como estrategia pedagógica de formación y convivencia democrática con la participación de niños y adolescentes. Se analiza la elección de personeros estudiantiles, actividad anual de participación democrática para toda la comunidad educativa, mostrando cómo pueden deformarse los ámbitos de participación y formación política, reproduciendo prácticas de corrupción y de patronageo y sus consecuencias para la formación ciudadana. Se destaca, además, la importancia del involucramiento familiar en diálogo con el sistema escolar.
Estrategias geométricas de configuraciones urbanas
Authors: Mariño Díaz Javier Alberto , Vergel Ortega Mawency , Delgado Rojas Julio Alfredo
Published: January 2019

Este artículo toma como génesis las lógicas de las formas geométricas en la producción de arquitectura. En búsqueda de generar otras alternativas de composición geométrica, se proyecta todo un proceso de experimentación, análisis e investigación, en una serie de ejercicios aplicados y realizados por cada uno de los estudiantes, logrando canalizar el desarrollo evolutivo de nuevas soluciones tanto a la forma y estructura, como al manejo espacial a sentir. Si bien por tantos años diferentes escuelas se han regido solo al manejo tradicional de la composición geométrica, otros por lo contrario nos salimos de la tradición funcionalista, en donde esta vez, entender, diagnosticar y configurar cada uno de los factores directos e implícitos del lugar, conlleva a la interpretación de cada uno de los lenguajes encontrados. De aquí yace una metodología capaz de abordar las capacidades semiológicas, partiendo de lo más básico y simple para lograr construir lógicas geométricas de complejidad constructiva y aplicada. Se expresa la total capacidad de observación, se transfiere el significado existente en las formas actuales construidas de un lugar urbano, y aquí su condición sensible de percibir, analizar y conectar cada una de las vivencias transformadoras de un usuario social y cultural capaz de dinamizar cualquier espacio.
Har en leder altid ansvaret, og aldrig skylden? – Om lederes læring ved undervisning i ansvar i ledelse
Authors: Sløk Camilla
Published: January 2019

En reform, der skulle føre til bedre uddannelse for borgerne, faldt til jorden, og medarbejderne fik stress. En beboer på en døgninstitution gik ud for at stemme, og kom aldrig hjem igen. Begge disse to eksempler handler om ledelsesbeslutninger, hvor noget går galt. Og sådan er det med mange eksempler i ledelse: Tingene går ikke altid som forventet, og så leder omgivelserne efter, hvem der har ansvaret. Hvem har skylden. Denne artikel beskriver en undersøgelse af, hvordan det personlige lederskab er både en fordel og en hæmsko for lederskabet i forhold til ansvar og skyld. Det er en fordel at tale om et personligt lederskab, fordi det sætter lederens valg på spidsen, når det drejer sig om ansvar. Det er en hæmsko, at tale om det personlige lederskab, når det drejer sig om skyld, netop fordi det sætter lederens person på spil på en tvetydig måde. Er lederen ”skyldig”, når ting går galt, og hvordan har denne bagside af ansvar (”skyld”) noget med lederens person at gøre? Disse spørgsmål diskuteres igennem en undersøgelse af, om og hvordan undervisning i ledelse, ansvar og skyld påvirker lederes opfattelse af disse emner. Konklusionen er, at det personlige lederskab netop skal forholde sig til spørgsmål om det etiske i det politiske for at holde fokus på opgaven, og hvordan ledere kan forholde sig til begivenheder i et politisk rum, også når det går galt.
UMA ALTERNATIVA CURRICULAR NO CONTEXTO ESCOLAR BRASILEIRO: A Pedagogia Waldorf e a Integralidade do Conhecimento e do Ser
Authors: Albuquerque e Silva Caricelma Aparecida Lima , Costa Nayara Tatiana Santos da
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho trata sobre a educação e a integralidade do ser, no qual suscita-se a reflexão sobre como esta temática pode abrir caminhos alternativos para se pensar a noção e os desafios da formação humana. Como um desses caminhos, apresentamos a Pedagogia Waldorf, partindo da intenção de saber se a mesma contempla a integralidade do ser em sua proposta curricular. Portanto, objetivamos compreender como a integralidade humana aparece na proposta curricular da educação infantil na Escola Waldorf Recife e, para isso, conceituamos a integralidade humana a partir das ideias de Edgar Morin, descrevemos os princípios e fundamentos da Pedagogia Waldorf e investigamos como a integralidade é abordada na proposta curricular da educação infantil da referida escola. O percurso metodológico possui natureza qualitativa, do tipo exploratória, cujos dados foram construídos através de análise documental apoiada pela observação sistemática como instrumento de coleta de dados. A pesquisa evidenciou que a integralidade do ser aparece na proposta curricular da Pedagogia Waldorf plenamente harmonizada com o Paradigma Complexo, superando a fragmentação do conhecimento e do ser, harmonizando-se com a crítica à supervalorização da racionalidade, defendida por Edgar Morin.
PROPOSTA CURRICULAR PARA A EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: a experiência de Bauru-SP
Authors: Pasqualini Juliana Campregher
Published: January 2019

Apresentamos e colocamos em debate nesse artigo a proposta curricular para a educação infantil do sistema municipal de Bauru (SP), elaborada como processo de construção coletiva no período de 2011 a 2016 em parceria estreita com a universidade pública. Após breve contextualização acerca do modo de organização coletiva do trabalho que resultou na produção da matriz curricular que compõe a proposta pedagógica do município, descrevemos a estrutura do currículo em cinco grandes áreas (Arte, Ciência, Cultura Corporal, Língua Portuguesa e Matemática), duas delas desdobradas em subáreas (Ciências da Natureza e Ciências da Sociedade; Arte literária, Artes Visuais e Música). Destacamos o objetivo geral e eixos estruturantes de cada área, argumentando sobre sua importância como conteúdo curricular para a educação infantil tendo em vista a intencionalidade pedagógica de promoção do desenvolvimento omnilateral da criança. No curso da argumentação, travaremos diálogo com questões e polêmicas em torno da pertinência ou não do currículo como dispositivo mediador da práxis pedagógica na educação infantil e de sua organização em torno de áreas de conhecimento; abordando o problema da especificidade da educação infantil na elaboração e concretização do currículo e trazendo apontamentos preliminares para o diálogo crítico e propositivo com as diretrizes da Base Nacional Comum Curricular.