bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear laser dynamics of a non-orthogonal chiral pair
Authors: Matogawa Maika , Kuribayashi Yoshikazu , Suzuki Yuichiro , You Mengyu , Shinohara Susumu , Sunada Satoshi , Harayama Takahisa
Published: December 2023

We extend the semiclassical Lamb theory to study the laser dynamics of a chiral pair of non-orthogonal resonance modes subject to the Maxwell–Bloch (MB) equations. The resulting reduced dynamics is described by three-variable ordinary differential equations. We analytically show that the reduced system has two stable fixed points corresponding to clockwise and counterclockwise chiral lasing modes, and that the basin boundary of the two stable fixed points coincides with the condition that the solution of the reduced system corresponds to a standing wave. We also show that the basin volume depends on the chirality, where the volume of one of the basins goes to zero when the system approaches the exceptional point. Some of these theoretical results are verified by numerical finite-difference time-domain simulations of the MB equations applied to an asymmetric optical billiard laser.
Producing and assessing zinc sulfate nanoparticles using Nigella sativa assistance
Authors: Hasan S. M. Shahid , Tanisa N. Y. , Ahmed Shamim , ArifurRahman Md , Awal Rabiul
Published: December 2023

In this research paper, our primary objective is centered around the creation, characterization, and evaluation of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) nanoparticles through the utilization of Nigella sativa as a natural reducing agent. We embraced an environmentally conscious and uncomplicated green synthesis approach to synthesize these ZnSO4 nanoparticles. For a comprehensive examination of their structural and physical properties, we employed techniques such as x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering analysis. Our results unequivocally confirmed the successful production of ZnSO4 nanoparticles with well-defined crystalline structures, distinct wavelength patterns, prominent peak values, and specific particle sizes. This study underscores the impressive efficacy of Zn nanoparticles in the context of bio-electrolyte power generation systems. In addition, it introduces an economically feasible and environmentally friendly method for their fabrication. The Zn nanoparticles display great potential as a solid basis for advancing bio-electrochemical cells, underscoring the significance of further exploration into their effects on these cells.
Field screening for heat-stress tolerance of floret fertility in wheat (Triticum aestivum and T. durum)
Authors: Emebiri Livinus , Erena Million F. , Taylor Kerry , Hildebrand Shane , Maccaferri Marco , Collins Nicholas C.
Published: December 2023

Context As global temperatures increase, heat waves of >30°C for at least 3 days are projected to become more frequent during reproductive development of wheat, causing reductions in grain yield. Breeding for tolerance is difficult under field conditions owing to the unpredictable timing and intensity of natural heat events and the narrow developmental windows of sensitivity. Aims We report on a series of experiments designed to explore genetic variability for floret sterility induced by natural heat waves in the field by targeting a sensitive development stage. Methods Our method involved sowing late, and the use of auricle distance to identify main tillers exposed to heat events at a sensitive developmental stage (booting). Key results Substantial genetic variation was found for tolerance of grain set to natural heat waves, with a broad-sense heritability estimate of 0.94 for heat-exposed stems compared with 0.72 for non-stressed controls. An auricle distance of 1–3 cm was established as a phenotypic marker for tagging stems at the sensitive stage of development, and the optimal number of spikes to assess was determined as 10–15 per plot. A validation study with durum lines previously classified as tolerant/intolerant under glasshouse conditions showed agreement in ranking of genotypes at the extremes of tolerance. Conclusions We demonstrate that it is possible to screen wheat genotypes for stage-specific tolerance to natural heat waves in the field. Implications The protocol described could provide a low-cost method for evaluating heat tolerance in wheat, with relevance to commercial field production conditions. The approach allows tolerance to be assessed at a single stage of reproductive development, which should allow greater heritability in field assessments.
Adaptations to infer fitness interdependence promote the evolution of cooperation
Authors: Colnaghi Marco , Santos Fernando P. , Van Lange Paul A. M. , Balliet Daniel
Published: December 2023

The evolution of cooperation is a major question in the biological and behavioral sciences. While most theoretical studies model cooperation in the context of an isolated interaction (e.g., a Prisoner’s Dilemma), humans live in heterogeneous social environments, characterized by large variations in fitness interdependence—the extent to which one’s fitness is affected by others. Theoretical and experimental work indicates that humans can infer, and respond to, variations in interdependence. In a heterogeneous ancestral environment, these psychological mechanisms to infer fitness interdependence could have provided a selective advantage, allowing individuals to maximize their fitness by deciding when and with whom to cooperate. Yet, to date, the link between cognitive inference, variation in fitness interdependence, and cooperation remains unclear. Here we introduce a theoretical framework to study the evolution of inference and cooperation in heterogeneous social environments, where individuals experience interactions with varying levels of corresponding interests. Using a combination of evolutionary game theory and agent-based modeling, we model the evolution of adaptive agents, who incur a cost to infer interdependence, in populations of fixed-behavior agents who always cooperate or defect. Our results indicate that natural selection could promote the evolution of psychological mechanisms to infer fitness interdependence, provided that there is enough variation in fitness interdependence to offset the cost of inference. Under certain conditions, the fixation of adaptive agents results in higher levels of cooperation. This depends crucially on the type of inference performed and the features of the interdependence landscape.
Electron impact triple differential cross sections of Xe atoms for coplanar to perpendicular plane single ionisation at 60 eV, 80 eV and 100 eV above ionisation
Authors: Pandey Alpana , Purohit G , Kato D , Quint W
Published: December 2023

The evolution of the triple differential cross section (TDCS) for the electron impact ionisation of xenon atoms is reported for the variation of momentum of the projectile electron from a coplanar geometry to a perpendicular plane through intermediate angles with the detection plane. The TDCSs have been calculated for the Xe atoms at 60 eV, 80 eV and 100 eV above the ionisation potential. We have calculated the TDCS using distorted wave Born approximation, utilising both the first and second Born terms. Effects of target polarisation and post-collision interaction have also been included in the complete description of the collision dynamics. The TDCS results are compared with recent measurements by Patel et al (2022 Phys. Rev. A 105 032818) showing a dependence between the TDCS and the scattering geometry and kinematics of the collision. Second-order effects have been found significant, particularly in the description of perpendicular plane ionisation at a low energy and the effect of target polarisation has been found important in describing the coplanar ionisation of the xenon target. With an overall good agreement with the recent measurements, there are points of disagreement which are the motivation for further theoretical effort in the near future, as the present attempt is the first of its kind to analyse these measurements.
‘Self-calibration’ method for TALIF measurement of O atoms by full photofragmentation of O3 using a 226 nm UV laser
Authors: Xiong Qing , Qiao Jun-Jie , Wang Da-Zhi , Song Yijia
Published: December 2023

Quantification of atomic oxygen through the method of two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) is common in the fields of plasma fundamental research and application treatments. Fluorescence signal calibration is required to absolutely quantify the O amount and normally achieved with the help of TALIF measurement of a known-density Xe gas. In this study, an alternative calibration method is proposed based on the full photofragmentation (FPF) of O3 with a known density in a known gas composition by the same UV laser beam as that of the TALIF detection of atomic O. This is achieved by an equivalent amount of O fragment contributing the same fluorescence intensity as that of the O3 FPF-TALIF process under the same experimental conditions. The validity of this calibration method is proved by comparing it to the TALIF measurement of the Xe gas. It provides a ‘self-calibration’ method for the TALIF detection of O atoms without any need to change the laser optical arrangements including the laser wavelength. In addition, it only requires a gas flow with known O3 density through the studied medium reactor or chamber (such as plasma discharges). Detailed theoretical and practical principles of this self-calibration approach are presented and discussed in this study.
Circular current in a one-dimensional open quantum ring in the presence of magnetic field and spin–orbit interaction
Authors: Patra Moumita
Published: December 2023

In an open quantum system having a channel in the form of loop geometry, the current inside the channel, namely circular current, and overall junction current, namely transport current, can be different. A quantum ring has doubly degenerate eigen energies due to periodic boundary condition that is broken in an asymmetric ring where the ring is asymmetrically connected to the external electrodes. Kramers’ degeneracy and spin degeneracy can be lifted by considering non-zero magnetic field and spin–orbit interaction (SOI), respectively. Here, we find that symmetry breaking impacts the circular current conductance vs energy (E) spectra in addition to lifting the degeneracy. For charge and spin current conductances, the corresponding effects are not the same. Under symmetry-breaking they may remain symmetric or anti-symmetric or asymmetric around E = 0 whereas the transmission function (which is proportional to the junction current conductance) vs energy characteristic remains symmetric around E = 0. This study leads us to estimate the qualitative nature of the circular current and the choices of Fermi-energy/chemical potential to have a net non-zero current. As a result, we may manipulate the system to generate pure currents of charge, spin, or both, which is necessary for any spintronic and electronic applications.
Exploring the role of oxygen vacancies on the magnetic and electromagnetic absorption properties of La3+-modified M-type hexaferrite with Al3+ doping
Authors: Singh Hodam Karnajit , Mohapatra Prajna P , Pal D , Dobbidi Pamu
Published: December 2023

The demand for effective microwave-absorbing materials has recently surged due to rapid advancements in electromagnetic (EM) devices. Recently, engineering oxygen vacancies has also become one of the effective ways to develop efficient microwave-absorbing materials. So, understanding the EM absorption mechanism of these materials has become crucial for better engineering of such materials. This article investigates the magnetic properties along with the EM absorption mechanism of M-type hexaferrite, with optimal incorporation of rare-earth element La3+ and doping of transition metal Al3+ cation. The presence of La3+ ions at an optimal level promotes the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ cations and creating oxygen vacancies to offset the electrical charge imbalance. This phenomenon impacts both the magnetic and EM characteristics of the materials. The presence of Fe2+ cations enhanced the spin-orbital interaction, resulting in a strong magnetic anisotropy field along the c-axis. The lowest reflection loss of −36.37 dB at 14.19 GHz, is observed with a bandwidth of 3.61 GHz below −10 dB for x = 0.6. These microwave absorption properties can be attributed to the adequate compensation between dielectric and magnetic losses, which arise from phenomena like dielectric relaxation, magnetic resonance, and conduction loss due to electron hopping between Fe3+ and Fe2+ with proper incorporation of the attenuating constant and excellent impedance matching, along with microstructure of the materials. Furthermore, the material’s exceptional absorption properties are also influenced by the rapid movement of oxygen vacancies from its interior to its surface when exposed to high frequencies, thereby impacting its conductivity. Therefore, it is believed that the regulation of oxygen vacancies can serve as a versatile strategy for developing materials with efficient microwave-absorbing capabilities.
Weak electronic correlations observed in magnetic Weyl Semimetal Mn3Ge
Authors: Changdar Susmita , Ghosh Susanta , Bose Anumita , Kar Indrani , Low Achintya , Le Fèvre Patrick , Bertran François , Narayan Awadhesh , Thirupathaiah Setti
Published: December 2023

Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we systematically studied the electronic band structure of Mn3Ge in the vicinity of the Fermi level. We observe several bands crossing the Fermi level, confirming the metallic nature of the studied system. We further observe several flat bands along various high symmetry directions, consistent with the DFT calculations. The calculated partial density of states suggests a dominant Mn 3d orbital contribution to the total valence band DOS. With the help of orbital-resolved band structure calculations, we qualitatively identify the orbital information of the experimentally obtained band dispersions. Out-of-plane electronic band dispersions are explored by measuring the ARPES data at various photon energies. Importantly, our study suggests relatively weaker electronic correlations in Mn3Ge compared to Mn3Sn.
Experiment with simultaneous measurements at two optical wavelengths in the FG5X absolute gravimeter
Authors: Křen Petr , Pálinkáš Vojtech , Hald Jan
Published: December 2023

The FG5X gravimeters are the most accurate commercially available absolute gravimeters at present. They traditionally use one optical wavelength in their interferometer to measure the gravity acceleration of the freely falling test mass in a vacuum. In this paper, for the first time, it is demonstrated the possibility to track the test mass simultaneously with two optical wavelengths of 633 nm and 771 nm and to evaluate the gravity acceleration from both these measurements. We show the technical solution, mathematical methods and error sources that have to be taken into account for the realization of simultaneous interferometric measurements. The achieved results show agreement of the gravity accelerations at the level of 2–4 microgals and increased low-frequency noise in residuals at 771 nm due to optical optimisation of a gravimeter to the wavelength of 633 nm. We evaluated the sensitivity of gravity measurements to the used wavelength as a new contribution in the uncertainty budget that for the FG5X gravimeter reached 0.25 μGal and 2 μGal at wavelengths of 633 nm and 771 nm, respectively. Further, we discuss that the optimisation of a gravimeter to a certain wavelength is related to the applied antireflective coating on the optical elements of the gravimeter among them the glass retroreflector plays the key role since its movements being dominant.
Can physics influence world trade?
Authors: Wen Xiaojing , Korsun Igor
Published: December 2023

The aim of our study is to demonstrate the possibilities of forming students’ interdisciplinary thinking using the analysis of real events. In March 2021, maritime traffic in the Suez Canal was blocked for six days by a container ship. It led to delays in the delivery of goods of approximately 400 million dollars per hour. To analyze this event we used knowledge from seven areas of science: physics, geography, chemistry, engineering, geology, astronomy, economics. The use of an integrated approach made it possible to formulate the consequences of the accident, determine the possible causes of the accident, and substantiate the expediency of the methods of rescue operations. We analyzed only the given facts in news from a scientific point of view. Our analysis does not draw any final conclusions. Project-based learning is proposed as a teaching method in our case. It involves independent work with various sources of information, analysis and systematization of facts from various branches of science, compilation of a list of key words for each branch of science, formulation of conclusions. These skills are useful for the formation of interdisciplinary thinking.
Don’t throw that video away! Reference frames can fix video analysis with a moving camera
Authors: Moore N T
Published: December 2023

One common source of error in video analysis is camera movement. The paper describes a simple frame of reference correction that students can employ to salvage otherwise corrupted video analysis data. Two examples are provided.
Modeling for predicting survival fraction of cells after ultra-high dose rate irradiation
Authors: Shiraishi Yuta , Matsuya Yusuke , Kusumoto Tamon , Fukunaga Hisanori
Published: December 2023

Objective. FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) with ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) irradiation (i.e. > 40 Gy s−1) spares the function of normal tissues while preserving antitumor efficacy, known as the FLASH effect. The biological effects after conventional dose rate-radiotherapy (CONV-RT) with ≤0.1 Gy s−1 have been well modeled by considering microdosimetry and DNA repair processes, meanwhile modeling of radiosensitivities under UHDR irradiation is insufficient. Here, we developed an integrated microdosimetric-kinetic (IMK) model for UHDR-irradiation enabling the prediction of surviving fraction after UHDR irradiation. Approach. The IMK model for UHDR-irradiation considers the initial DNA damage yields by the modification of indirect effects under UHDR compared to CONV dose rate. The developed model is based on the linear-quadratic (LQ) nature with the dose and dose square coefficients, considering the reduction of DNA damage yields as a function of dose rate. Main results. The estimate by the developed model could successfully reproduce the in vitro experimental dose–response curve for various cell line types and dose rates. Significance. The developed model would be useful for predicting the biological effects under the UHDR irradiation.
A review of three-dimensional structure-controlled InGaN quantum wells for efficient visible polychromatic light emitters
Authors: Funato Mitsuru , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Kawakami Yoichi
Published: December 2023

This paper reviews the development of three-dimensional (3D) structure-controlled InGaN quantum wells (QWs) for highly efficient multiwavelength emitters without using phosphors. Specifically, two representative structures are reviewed: 3D structures composed of stable planes with low surface energies and 3D structures composed of unstable planes. In the early stage of the research, 3D structures were grown on the (0001) polar plane through the selective area growth (SAG) technique based on metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Because GaN cannot grow on dielectric masks, different mask patterns were used to create various 3D facetted structures composed of stable facet planes. The InGaN QW parameters depend on the facet planes, which led to polychromatic emission, including white-light emission. After polychromatic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the (0001) polar plane were demonstrated, 3D QWs and LEDs were also demonstrated on the (

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) semipolar plane through SAG. There, the (0001) facet plane was excluded; consequently, all the facet QWs showed short radiative recombination lifetimes, which are beneficial for future applications in visible-light communication. To further enhance the controllability of the emission spectra from 3D QWs or LEDs, convex-lens-shaped 3D structures have been proposed. The smooth surface of such structures is composed of unstable planes and has continuously varying crystal tilts. Because QW parameters are dependent on the crystal tilt, polychromatic emission is achieved. This method demonstrates greater flexibility of the structure design, which is expected to result in greater controllability of emission spectra.
Reflection modulation generated by scale-free network resonator periodic structure
Authors: Chen Yong , Yuan Xujin
Published: December 2023

The pattern of resonator in a periodical array is decisive for its response under impinging electromagnetic wave. A scale-free network resonator is proposed by connecting sub-units in the form of scale free network. Scale-free network resonator array’s reflectivity near resonant frequency could be modulated at arbitrary value between zero and unity, which is different from known resonator array or frequency selective surface. Reflection amplitude modulation could generate rich behaviors, as effective medium property in wide band could be maintained near zero constant, which means zero phase shift and is favorable in radar radome structure. S-parameter analysis indicates amplitude modulation is owing to polarization conversion generated by network links. Scale-free network resonator array has application potentials in future radar radomes, electromagnetic wave lens and microwave antenna panels.
EEG electrode localization with 3D iPhone scanning using point-cloud electrode selection (PC-ES)
Authors: Everitt Alicia , Richards Haley , Song Yinchen , Smith Joel , Kobylarz Erik , Lukovits Timothy , Halter Ryan , Murphy Ethan
Published: December 2023

Objective. Electroencephalography source imaging (ESI) is a valuable tool in clinical evaluation for epilepsy patients but is underutilized in part due to sensitivity to anatomical modeling errors. Accurate localization of scalp electrodes is instrumental to ESI, but existing localization devices are expensive and not portable. As a result, electrode localization challenges further impede access to ESI, particularly in inpatient and intensive care settings. Approach. To address this challenge, we present a portable and affordable electrode digitization method using the 3D scanning feature in modern iPhone models. This technique combines iPhone scanning with semi-automated image processing using point-cloud electrode selection (PC-ES), a custom MATLAB desktop application. We compare iPhone electrode localization to state-of-the-art photogrammetry technology in a human study with over 6000 electrodes labeled using each method. We also characterize the performance of PC-ES with respect to head location and examine the relative impact of different algorithm parameters. Main Results. The median electrode position variation across reviewers was 1.50 mm for PC-ES scanning and 0.53 mm for photogrammetry, and the average median distance between PC-ES and photogrammetry electrodes was 3.4 mm. These metrics demonstrate comparable performance of iPhone/PC-ES scanning to currently available technology and sufficient accuracy for ESI. Significance. Low cost, portable electrode localization using iPhone scanning removes barriers to ESI in inpatient, outpatient, and remote care settings. While PC-ES has current limitations in user bias and processing time, we anticipate these will improve with software automation techniques as well as future developments in iPhone 3D scanning technology.
The EEG complexity, information integration and brain network changes in minimally conscious state patients during general anesthesia
Authors: Liang Zhenhu , Lan Zhilei , Wang Yong , Bai Yang , He Jianghong , Wang Juan , Li Xiaoli
Published: December 2023

Objective. General anesthesia (GA) can induce reversible loss of consciousness. Nonetheless, the electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics of patients with minimally consciousness state (MCS) during GA are seldom observed. Approach. We recorded EEG data from nine MCS patients during GA. We used the permutation Lempel–Ziv complexity (PLZC), permutation fluctuation complexity (PFC) to quantify the type I and II complexities. Additionally, we used permutation cross mutual information (PCMI) and PCMI-based brain network to investigate functional connectivity and brain networks in sensor and source spaces. Main results. Compared to the preoperative resting state, during the maintenance of surgical anesthesia state, PLZC decreased (p < 0.001), PFC increased (p < 0.001) and PCMI decreased (p < 0.001) in sensor space. The results for these metrics in source space are consistent with sensor space. Additionally, node network indicators nodal clustering coefficient (NCC) (p < 0.001) and nodal efficiency (NE) (p < 0.001) decreased in these two spaces. Global network indicators normalized average path length (

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) (p < 0.01) and modularity (Q) (p < 0.05) only decreased in sensor space, while the normalized average clustering coefficient (

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) and small-world index (

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) did not change significantly. Moreover, the dominance of hub nodes is reduced in frontal regions in these two spaces. After recovery of consciousness, PFC decreased in the two spaces, while PLZC, PCMI increased. NCC, NE, and frontal region hub node dominance increased only in the sensor space. These indicators did not return to preoperative levels. In contrast, global network indicators

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and Q were not significantly different from the preoperative resting state in sensor space. Significance. GA alters the complexity of the EEG, decreases information integration, and is accompanied by a reconfiguration of brain networks in MCS patients. The PLZC, PFC, PCMI and PCMI-based brain network metrics can effectively differentiate the state of consciousness of MCS patients during GA.
Countermeasures against polygonal deformation of borehole in reaming process
Authors: Ryu T , Nakae T , Matsuzaki K , Matsumoto Y , Tsukamoto K , Hirata N
Published: December 2023

Reaming is a processing method for widening pilot holes such as drill holes and press holes to obtain a highly accurate finish. However, in machining using a regular-pitch reamer, polygonal deformation of the borehole occurs. This deformation is also called a spiral mark because the polygonal shape twists in the feed direction. Although several papers have dealt with vibration phenomena during reaming, countermeasures to date have not been sufficient. In previous studies, the authors considered polygonal deformation of a machined hole during reaming as a self-excited vibration caused by a time delay and clarified its mechanism. In the present study, we theoretically and experimentally investigated the suppression of polygonal deformation by optimizing the angular arrangement of the cutting edges of irregular-pitch reamers for an 8-flute reamer. In addition, we suggested a new evaluation standard to reduce the calculation load and to evaluate the optimum angular arrangement of the irregular-pitch cutting edges of reamers with other numbers of flutes.
Design and fabrication of a wrist splint for burn patient rehabilitation using 3D printing technologies.
Authors: Cann Connor , Saharudin Mohd Shahneel
Published: December 2023

Severe and common injuries involving burns to the hands and wrists can often lead to permanent loss of motion. The issue is exacerbated by the delicate nature of tendons and muscles in the hands, along with the formation of scar tissue. While rehabilitation exercises can help improve the range of motion, early-stage recovery requires additional tension on the affected areas. To address this concern, a novel project was initiated, aiming to develop a specialized splint for later-stage rehabilitation. This innovative splint allows users to carry out their daily tasks while wearing it, constantly applying a beneficial load on the wrist, hand, and digits to enhance range of motion. The development of the splint involved leveraging Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) 3D printing and medically safe materials for the initial prototype. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was employed to analyze the design. The process underwent iterative design improvements and parameter adjustments, ultimately resulting in the final prototype. The FEA analysis confirmed the strength and durability of the PLA components, while the TPU digit resistance bands were evaluated using a hyper-elastic model. As a result, the final design effectively applies tension to the digits without compromising day-to-day tasks’ usability and wearer’s comfort. Future iterations of the splint could focus on enhancing fastening methods, reducing brace movement during usage, creating various sizes to accommodate different arm/hand dimensions, and optimizing mass-manufacturing processes.
Development of Variable-Line Balancing Chart by Risk Assessment Using Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Ismail Mohd Shihabudin , Ishak Mohamad Shaiful Ashrul , Yahaya Nor Zaiazmin , Hussain Muhammad Iqbal Muhammad , Radzali Mohd Adzrie
Published: December 2023

Line Balancing Chart is one of the most used lean tools for determining cycle time (CT) and lead time (LT) in the production line processes flow, from raw material input until finished product output. However, for traditional Line Balancing Chart, only the average (mean) CT and LT are considered which causing inconsistent performance of the actual production line throughput rate (productivity). In this study, Variable-Line Balancing Chart (V-LBC) is introduced by considering the dynamic CT and LT in a form of (Minimum, Most Likely (mean), Maximum) for each process involved in the production line. The risk assessment for Value-added (VAA) and non-value added (NVAA) events in the flow are also considered for this V-LBC. A Monte Carlo simulation by using @Risk software is utilized to simulate each process CT distribution capability. As a result, each process in the V-LBC could be represented in horizontal and vertical time variables that involve a variable CT (VAA and NVAA) and risk assessment using Risk Assessment-Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (RA-FMEA) approach. The actual root cause led to the process variation also could be identified more accurately from the V-LBC. Hence the correct action could be taken in order to reduce the variation which indirectly increase the production line productivity.
Biodegradation and swelling behaviour of cellulose-based plastic incorporation of pennisetum purpureum, chitosan and gelatine
Authors: Rohadi Tuan Nurain Tuan , Jamir Mohd Ridzuan Mohd , Majid Mohd Shukry Abdul , Mamat Normahira , Hussain Haja Syed , Xuan Yeo Yi
Published: December 2023

This paper reports on the biodegradation and swelling behaviour of cellulose-based plastic incorporation of Pennisetum purpureum (PS), chitosan and gelatine. Cellulose-based plastic (CP) was obtained from chitosan and gelatin; and from the cortex (CPS), pith (PPS), and whole (WPS) of Pennisetum purpureum (PS). The films were prepared by solution casting with untreated, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20% alkali-treated cellulose of CPS, PPS, and WPS. The ASTM D5988-method was used to conduct the CP biodegradation tests. The swelling behaviour test was performed to measure the swelling percentage for each CP samples in aqueous solution with different pH values. The results reveal that the biodegradation of untreated CPS (60.30%), untreated WPS (49.74%), and untreated PPS (CP) showed the biggest relative weight reduction. CP added with the 8, and 16% alkali-treated cellulose of CPS, and PPS continues swelling in the solution of pH 7 throughout 24 hours of analysis. Increasing the cellulose loading accelerated the biodegradation rate of the bioplastic films. The results also suggest that the CP with the incorporated cortex (CPS) of Pennisetum purpureum (PS), is the most water-resistant in neutral followed by acid and alkali.
Numerical Investigation of Immersion Cooling Performance for Lithium-ion Polymer (LiPo) Battery: Effects of Dielectric Fluids and Flow Velocity
Authors: Akmal A Z A , Rani M F H , Yinn W K , Ardani M I , Razlan Z M , Shahriman A B , Kamarudin K , Kadir M S A , Murali R , Sunan S
Published: December 2023

This study investigates the enhancement of immersion cooling performance for a single 14.6 Ah lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) battery cell by using air, palm oil, and engineered fluid (3M Novec 7000) as dielectric fluids. The research aims to observe the temperature distribution and rate of heat transfer on the battery cell at a 3C discharge rate, while varying the fluid velocity flow (0 mm/s, 1 mm/s, and 50 mm/s) and fluid types. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent software, with heat generation from the LiPo battery simulated using the Newman, Tiedmann, Gu, and Kim (NTGK) semi-empirical electrochemical model. Results revealed that palm oil demonstrated the optimum cooling effect, reducing peak temperature to safe operating temperature region by 62.4% within 1020 seconds. Fluid flow velocity strongly influenced temperature distribution and heat transfer rates, with 50 mm/s resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution compared to 1 mm/s and 0 mm/s. The rate of heat transfer was highest at 1 mm/s and intermediate at 50 mm/s. Considering the abundance of palm oil in Malaysia, utilizing it as the dielectric fluid with a 50 mm/s flow velocity yields the best cooling effect for the 14.6 Ah LiPo battery at a 3C discharge rate.
Drill Bit Design and Its Effect on Temperature Distribution and Osteonecrosis During Implant Site Preparation: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Islam Md Ashequl , Kamarrudin Nur Saifullah , Daud Ruslizam , Ibrahim Ishak , Razlan Zuradzman Mohdamad , Rani M. F. H.
Published: December 2023

In this study, the drilling parameters will be evaluated to obtain optimal parameters in minimizing the impact of drilling damage on synthetic bone blocks. The effect of damage observed in the study is osteonecrosis that occurs in the drill hole for implant site preparation, where a smaller value is desired. The drilling parameters are optimized using the Taguchi method with two control factors: the feed rate and spindle speed; each parameter is designed in five levels. This experiment was then carried out on four different designs of drill bits, i.e., Twist (118°and 135°), spherical, and conical drill bits. While experimental planning uses L25 orthogonal arrays, the “smaller is better” approach is used as a standard analysis. The main findings of this research are 118° point angle twist drill bit is the ideal type of drill bit for bone drilling, as it produces less heat than other types of drill bits. The optimal range of feed rate and drilling speed for bone drilling is 40-60 mm/rev and 1000-1400 RPM, respectively. Combining these parameters helps to minimize heat generation during implant site preparation drilling.
Current status and analysis of the development of SLAM technology applied to mobile robots
Authors: Qiu Yixin
Published: December 2023

Mobile robots are tasked with jobs that assist or replace human work. With the development of technology, mobile robots have had a significant impact on human productive life. As for mobile robots, the core technology is the location awareness of itself. Therefore, this paper analyses the current development state of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology applied to mobile robots. First, the overall process and key technologies were explained in detail. Subsequently, the classical algorithms developed in SLAM technology so far are classified based on the characteristics of information-aware devices in terms of methods as well as a more detailed description and comparative analysis of the algorithms. Finally, this paper analyses the current development status of SLAM and the remaining problems from the key performance indicators of SLAM technology, and interprets the future development trend of SLAM technology applied to mobile robots.
An overview of the development of intelligent materials and active vibration isolation systems for vehicles
Authors: Tu Haoran
Published: December 2023

Intend to reduce the impact of external vibrations on the smoothness of automotive precision instruments and vehicles and to improve the operational accuracy of automotive precision instruments and the comfort of passenger vehicles, vibration isolation technologies are used and active control systems are applied to vibration isolation systems. The extensive use of smart materials in vibration isolation systems has enabled the design of vehicle structures based on smart materials to meet the suppression of vehicle vibrations well. This paper reviews the application of commonly used smart materials to the field of vehicle vibration damping, summarizes the configuration design of single-axis and multi-axis vibration isolation systems, and develops the thinking behind the application of active control technology to other carriers, pointing out the future research direction of current smart materials for vehicles.
Efficient path planning method based on A-STAR
Authors: Guo Zebang
Published: December 2023

Path planning is a crucial aspect of agent (robot) automation, as its efficacy directly affects the quality of tasks performed. This paper proposes an innovative and efficient path planning method by merging the advantages of the A-STAR and the artificial potential field (APF) technique. The proposed method of calculation aims to enhance the traditional A-STAR approach by incorporating an artificial potential field system. Specifically, the estimated cost in the conventional A-STAR approach is ameliorated through the integration of a precisely designed estimated cost gain. The gain is determined by the direction of the force in the artificial potential field., thus enabling the algorithm to focus more accurately on the direction of the target location while avoiding obstacles during path exploration. Through simulation results, the improved algorithm proves its feasibility by maintaining the same path length while reducing the running time by decreasing multiple exploration directions. The improved algorithm, which is more efficient, surpasses the conventional A-STAR and can be utilized for agent trajectory planning in static and complex environments, showcasing its superior performance.
Mobile robot navigation based on Deep Reinforcement Learning: A brief review
Authors: Li Hongyi
Published: December 2023

Navigation capacity is a key attribute of robot technology and the foundation for achieving other advanced behaviours. Compared to traditional navigation technology, applying Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to artificial intelligence agents to achieve mobile robot navigation function is currently the academic focus. DRL is based on an end-to-end approach, transforming high-dimensional and continuous inputs into optimal policy to guide mobile robots, forming an advanced perceptual control system. In this article, DRL is first compared with traditional navigation technology and SLAM, and its application advantages are elucidated. Then, the basic background and classic algorithm models of standard reinforcement learning and DRL are systematically elaborated. Finally, the application of DRL in different application scenarios and research fields is introduced.
Design of electronic clock and stopwatch based on FPGA and VHDL language
Authors: Kang Hanchen
Published: December 2023

This paper designs a simple system that can include electronic clock and stopwatch based on FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array) and VHDL(Very-High-Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language). The first chapter briefly introduces the research background. The second chapter introduces the theoretical basis of digital circuits and the hardware and software platform used in this paper. In the third chapter, the design of each sub-module of the system and the overall design of the system are carried out. This chapter is the core chapter of this article, which describes the functions of the module and explains the input and output ports. In this chapter, a core point of digital circuit design is reflected: combining modules that realize simple functions into modules that can realize complex functions. And integrate sub-modules that realize similar functions into a top-level module. The fourth chapter is the logic synthesis of the circuit. The fourth chapter shows the simulation of the core module function and the simulation of the system output. The conclusion section summarizes the interesting parts of the design of this paper.
Research of transceiver system based on wireless communication radio frequency technology
Authors: Li Wangtingli
Published: December 2023

The usage of wireless communication technology has been widespread in daily lives. The crucial function that the IF transceiver system plays makes the reliability of the transceiver a top concern. In order to improve the shortcomings of different transceiver systems, it is necessary to understand the design and working principles of today’s transceiver systems. This article will analyze the transceiver systems of different design types, start from their principles, discuss the respective advantages and disadvantages of different types of systems, and discuss the methods that can be improved. After the above research, it can be concluded that different transceiver systems have their own advantages and disadvantages, but they all have the same problems, and they all need to improve their sensitivity and reduce noise interference to improve work efficiency.
Design and analysis of single-phase five-level inverter based on integrated energy system
Authors: Chen Keyao
Published: December 2023

New energy power generation, mainly photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation, is one of the key research topics today. It is found that the grid-connected phase of power transmission is very important in the transmission process after power generation through these two ways. This paper introduces in detail the various stages of power transmission under the background of integrated energy system, mainly photovoltaic power generation and wind power generation as the research object. This paper presents a new grid-connected symmetrical cascade half-bridge multilevel inverter (SCHB) under the background of comprehensive energy and presents a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control scheme which can make the inverter output stable multilevel voltage. By this scheme, the voltage of the shunt capacitor is basically unchanged and the multistage voltage output of SCHB inverter is guaranteed. The advantages of the designed inverter are that the whole inverter can be powered by a single power supply and a single inductance, and the number of voltage levels can be controlled because of the use of a small amount of reactive power components. This paper describes the topological results of the inverter and the PWM control scheme of stable output multistage voltage.
Applications of power electronics technology: Advanced inverters
Authors: Guo Yining
Published: December 2023

An inverter is a crucial component of renewable energy systems, converting direct current from solar panels and wind turbines into alternating current for use in homes and businesses. Inverters have a wide range of applications in power electronics technology, including electric vehicles, industrial equipment, and microgrid. Maximizing the efficiency of inverters is a hot research topic in the electronic and electrical fields. Engineers and researchers are interested in understanding the structure and parameters of inverters to optimize their performance. This article explores the basic inverter topology, presenting three circuit structures and their pulse-width modulation waveform modulation method. It also introduces a new type of inverter and explains its working state. The article concludes by examining potential future developments and research directions for inverters. As the world seeks to transition to cleaner energy sources, inverters will continue to play a vital role in making renewable energy systems more efficient and cost-effective.
Data-driven urban rail vehicle critical parts maintenance system based on cloud-edge collaboration
Authors: Shen Bo , Lin Jiyang , Jia Yingqi
Published: December 2023

In view of the limitations of traditional maintenance methods for rail vehicles, this study proposes a data-driven maintenance system for critical parts of rail vehicles based on a cloud-side collaborative framework. Currently, there are several major issues with the maintenance of critical parts of rail vehicles, including long maintenance cycles, difficult troubleshooting, high maintenance costs, low maintenance efficiency, irregularities in data management, and a low level of informatization. To address these problems, a cloud-edge collaboration approach is adopted. The maintenance information of the vehicles is synchronized and exchanged in real-time with the cloud data center. Sensor and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are used to collect real-time operational and status data of rail vehicles. The data is then analyzed and modelled in the cloud data center. The system achieves fault prediction and remaining useful life prediction for key components of the rail vehicles by applying machine learning algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that compared to traditional maintenance methods, the system enables more effective troubleshooting and remaining useful life prediction of critical components of the vehicles. It improves maintenance efficiency and safety while also offering practical application value.
Short-term traffic flow prediction based on weather factors analysis and neural network
Authors: Peng Ziming , Wang Zhi , Zhang Wenqi
Published: December 2023

With the progress of urban transportation infrastructure and the construction of intelligent transportation system, sufficiently accurate traffic flow prediction is of increasing importance for urban planning and management. This paper based on traffic flow data in a section of highway in Los Angeles, USA, we combine external qualitative data such as weather and work calendars, analyze and process the factors significantly influencing traffic flow first, then train and test the traffic flow data by building machine learning Support Vector Regression (SVR) model and the Back Propagation neural network (BP neural network). The test results show that the BP neural network traffic flow prediction model incorporating the external environment is more accurate, and that the external environment has a significant impact on the traffic flow prediction problem. If more significantly influencing factors can be taken into account, or if the current algorithm can be optimized, the prediction accuracy will have further improved, thus effectively enhancing the efficiency and safety of traffic systems.
Recent advances in wireless power transfer technologies for electric vehicles
Authors: Zheng Yao
Published: December 2023

In today’s society where electric vehicles are widely used, it is particularly important to make electric vehicles more efficient and convenient to charge. Wireless power transfer technology is becoming increasingly popular as a new type of charging technology. Different from conventional charging strategies, wireless power transfer becomes a hot topic in industry and academia due to the application possibility. It can not be ignored that this technology can also effectively reduce energy consumption. And the technology contributes to improve some environmental issues. Without doubt that it is a kind of beneficial clean energy source in today’s society. In this paper, the state-of-the-art wireless power transfer technologies are comprehensively review in terms of operation characteristics and optimization strategies. Meanwhile, a comparative analysis is given with different application scenarios, including the cost and power conversion efficiency. At the same time, the future perspectives for developing the wireless power transfer techniques are given.