bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of Erythrocyte Fatty Acids after Supplementation with Highly Concentrated Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Ayats-Vidal Roser , Bosque-García Montserrat , Cordobilla Begoña , Asensio-De la Cruz Oscar , García-González Miguel , Castro-Marrero Jesús , López-Rico Irene , Domingo Joan Carles
Published: May 2023

We characterized the fatty acid profiles in the erythrocyte membrane of pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) receiving highly concentrated docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation (Tridocosahexanoin-AOX® 70%) at 50 mg/kg/day (n = 11) or matching placebo (n = 11) for 12 months. The mean age was 11.7 years. The DHA group showed a statistically significant improvement in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which was observed as early as 6 months and further increased at 12 months. Among the n-3 PUFAs, there was a significant increase in DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Additionally, a statistically significant decrease in n-6 PUFAs was found, primarily due to a decrease in arachidonic acid (AA) levels and elongase 5 activity. However, we did not observe any changes in linoleic acid levels. The long-term administration of DHA over one year was safe and well tolerated. In summary, the administration of a high-rich DHA supplement at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for one year can correct erythrocyte AA/DHA imbalance and reduce fatty acid inflammatory markers. However, it is important to note that essential fatty acid alterations cannot be fully normalized with this treatment. These data provide timely information of essential fatty acid profile for future comparative research.
Microsporidial Stromal Keratitis in Post-Keratoplasty Eyes
Authors: Spena Rossella , Bovone Cristina , Ciarmatori Nicolò , Pellegrini Marco , Yu Angeli Christy , Zauli Giorgio , Busin Massimo
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to report the clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, management and outcomes of microsporidial keratitis in post-keratoplasty eyes. Methods: This is a retrospective review of three patients diagnosed with microsporidial stromal keratitis in post-keratoplasty eyes between January 2012 and December 2021 at a tertiary referral center (Ospedali Privati Forlì “Villa Igea”, Forlì, Italy). Results: All patients presented with fine multifocal granular infiltrates following keratoplasty for a presumed herpetic keratitis. No microorganisms were isolated from the corneal scrapings and no clinical response was observed with broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy. In all cases, confocal microscopy demonstrated spore-like structures. The histopathologic examination of the excised corneal buttons confirmed the diagnosis of microsporidial stromal keratitis. Following therapeutic keratoplasty and treatment with an initial high dose and extended taper of topical fumagillin, clinical resolution was achieved in all eyes. The Snellen visual acuities at the final follow-up were 20/50, 20/63 and 20/32. Conclusions: Prior to definitive surgery, confocal microscopy can be employed for the in vivo detection of pathogenic microorganisms such as Microsporidium. In post-keratoplasty eyes, therapeutic keratoplasty and an initial high dose of topical fumagillin with extended taper can allow the resolution of microsporidial stromal keratitis with a satisfactory visual prognosis.
Glucose Levels of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (oGTT) Can Predict Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Authors: Balke Selina , Weid Petra , Fangmann Laura , Rostin Paul , Henrich Wolfgang , Koenigbauer Josefine Theresia
Published: May 2023

Objectives and Background: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a common pregnancy complication defined as a glucose intolerance diagnosis during pregnancy. GDM is strongly associated with adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. In Germany, to screen and diagnose GDM we use a 1 h 50 g oGCT (oral glucose challenge test) followed by a 2 h 75 g oGTT if the first was pathological. This analysis examines the correlation of 75 g oGTT glucose levels and fetomaternal outcome. Methods: Data from 1664 patients from a gestational diabetes consultation clinic at the Charité University Hospital in Berlin, Germany, were analyzed retrospectively from 2015 to 2022. The 75 g oGTT blood glucose levels were categorized into isolated fasting hyperglycemia (GDM-IFH), isolated post-load hyperglycemia (GDM-IPH) and combined hyperglycemia (GDM-CH), using the levels of the fasting, 1 h and 2 h values, after glucose application. These subtypes were compared based on their baseline characteristics as well as fetal and maternal outcome. Results: GDM-IFH and GDM-CH women displayed higher pre-conceptional BMI and required insulin therapy more frequently (p < 0.001). The GDM-IFH group was at higher risk of having a primary cesarean section (p = 0.047), while GDM-IPH women were significantly more likely to have an emergent cesarean section (p = 0.013). The offspring of GDM-IFH and GDM-CH women were born with a significantly higher mean birthweight (p < 0.001) and birth weight percentiles (p < 0.001) and were at increased risk of being large for gestational age (LGA) (p = 0.004). Women from the GDM-IPH group delivered significantly more neonates who were small for gestational age (p = 0.027) or with low fetal weight <30th percentile (p = 0.003). Conclusion: This analysis shows a strong association between the glucose response pattern in the 75 g oGTT and adverse perinatal fetomaternal outcome. The differences among the subgroups, specifically concerning insulin therapy, mode of delivery and fetal growth, suggest an individualized approach to prenatal care after a GDM diagnosis.
Systematic Review on S-ICD Lead Extraction
Authors: Vio Riccardo , Forlin Enrico , Čulić Viktor , Themistoclakis Sakis , Proietti Riccardo , China Paolo
Published: May 2023

Background and purpose: Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (S-ICDs) have emerged in recent years as a valid alternative to traditional transvenous ICDs (TV-ICDs). Therefore, the number of S-ICD implantations is rising, leading to a consequent increase in S-ICD-related complications sometimes requiring complete device removal. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to gather all the available literature on S-ICD lead extraction (SLE), with particular reference to the type of indication, techniques, complications and success rate. Methods: Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) from inception to 21 November 2022. The search strategy adopted was developed using the following key words: subcutaneous, S-ICD, defibrillator, ICD, extraction, explantation. Studies were included if they met both of the following criteria: (1) inclusion of patients with S-ICD; (2) inclusion of patients who underwent SLE. Results: Our literature search identified 238 references. Based on the abstract evaluation, 38 of these citations were considered potentially eligible for inclusion, and their full texts were analyzed. We excluded 8 of these studies because no SLE was performed. Eventually, 30 studies were included, with 207 patients who underwent SLE. Overall, the majority of SLEs were performed for non-infective causes (59.90%). Infection of the device (affecting either the lead or the pocket) was the cause of SLE in 38.65% of cases. Indication data were not available in 3/207 cases. The mean dwelling time was 14 months. SLEs were performed using manual traction or with the aid of a tool designed for transvenous lead extraction (TLE), including either a rotational or non-powered mechanical dilator sheath. Conclusions: SLE is performed mainly for non-infective causes. Techniques vary greatly across different studies. Dedicated tools for SLE might be developed in the future and standard approaches should be defined. In the meantime, authors are encouraged to share their experience and data to further refine the existing variegated approaches.
Pulmonary Functional Outcomes at 3 Months in Critical COVID-19 Survivors Hospitalized during the First, Second, and Third Pandemic Waves
Authors: Dusart Cecile , Smet Jelle , Chirumberro Audrey , André Stephanie , Roman Alain , Claus Marc , Bruyneel Anne-Violette , Menez Ophelie , Alard Stephane , De Vos Nathalie , Bruyneel Marie
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Despite improved management of patients with COVID-19, we still ignore whether pharmacologic treatments and improved respiratory support have modified outcomes for intensive care unit (ICU) surviving patients of the three first consecutive waves (w) of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether developments in the management of ICU COVID-19 patients have positively impacted respiratory functional outcomes, quality of life (QoL), and chest CT scan patterns in ICU COVID-19 surviving patients at 3 months, according to pandemic waves. Methods: We prospectively included all patients admitted to the ICU of two university hospitals with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to COVID-19. Data related to hospitalization (disease severity, complications), demographics, and medical history were collected. Patients were assessed 3 months post-ICU discharge using a 6 min walking distance test (6MWT), a pulmonary function test (PFT), a respiratory muscle strength (RMS) test, a chest CT scan, and a Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Results: We included 84 ARDS COVID-19 surviving patients. Disease severity, complications, demographics, and comorbidities were similar between groups, but there were more women in wave 3 (w3). Length of stay at the hospital was shorter during w3 vs. during wave 1 (w1) (23.4 ± 14.2 days vs. 34.7 ± 20.8 days, p = 0.0304). Fewer patients required mechanical ventilation (MV) during the second wave (w2) vs. during w1 (33.3% vs. 63.9%, p = 0.0038). Assessment at 3 months after ICU discharge revealed that PFTs and 6MWTs scores were worse for w3 > w2 > w1. QoL (SF-36) deteriorated (vitality and mental health) more for patients in w1 vs. in w3 (64.7 ± 16.3 vs. 49.2 ± 23.2, p = 0.0169). Mechanical ventilation was associated with reduced forced expiratory volume (FEV1), total lung capacity (TLC), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and respiratory muscle strength (RMS) (w1,2,3, p < 0.0500) on linear/logistic regression analysis. The use of glucocorticoids, as well as tocilizumab, was associated with improvements in the number of affected segments in chest CT, FEV1, TLC, and DLCO (p < 0.01). Conclusions: With better understanding and management of COVID-19, there was an improvement in PFT, 6MWT, and RMS in ICU survivors 3 months after ICU discharge, regardless of the pandemic wave during which they were hospitalized. However, immunomodulation and improved best practices for the management of COVID-19 do not appear to be sufficient to prevent significant morbidity in critically ill patients.
The Influence of the Carbide-Forming Metallic Additives (W, Mo, Cr, Ti) on the Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity of Copper–Diamond Composites
Authors: Ukhina Arina V. , Dudina Dina V. , Esikov Maksim A. , Samoshkin Dmitrii A. , Stankus Sergei V.
Published: May 2023

In this study, carbide-forming metallic additives (W, Mo, Cr, Ti) were introduced into the copper matrix to improve the wettability of diamond particles in the copper–diamond composites. The samples were prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) and Hot Pressing (HP) at 920 °C. The phase composition, microstructure and thermal conductivity of the samples were investigated. The influence of the carbide-forming additive concentration, the sintering method as well as the nature of the metal introduced into the copper matrix on the thermal conductivity of copper–diamond composites was determined. Titanium ensured a more significant wettability improvement at the copper–diamond interface. This is due to its higher solubility in copper in comparison with other metals (W, Mo, Cr) and the possibility of its diffusion through the copper matrix to the diamond surface resulting in the formation of a closer contact at the copper–diamond interface.
Exploring the Thermophysical Properties of the Thermal Conductivity of Pigmented Polymer Matrix Composites with Barium Titanate: A Comparative Numerical and Experimental Study
Authors: Belhaouzi Abdessamad , Laaouidi Houda , Zyade Souad , Raji Yosra , Halimi Youssef , Tahiri Mohamed
Published: May 2023

This research paper focuses on investigating the thermal conductivity behavior of polymer matrix composite materials, specifically those composed of PSU and BaTiO3, both experimentally and numerically. The thermal conductivity of composites has been studied using a variety of theoretical and semi-empirical methods. However, in cases where the filler concentration is minimal, these models provide a superior estimate. To numerically resolve the thermal heat transfer for an elementary cell, the finite element method is employed in this study. The impact of contact resistance, barium titanate percentage, and quenching temperature on the composite’s effective thermal conductivity and dynamic behavior is given consideration. The results demonstrate that the suggested numerical model is in good agreement with experimental measurements as well as Hatta–Taya and Hashin–Shtrikman’s analytical models. The results provide significant insight into the thermal conductivity behavior of composites, which can inform the development of more effective thermal management solutions for composite materials. Effective thermal management is critical for the successful application of polymer matrix composite materials in various engineering applications. Thermal conductivity is a key factor in thermal management and is influenced by factors such as the concentration of filler particles, their shape, size, and distribution, and the matrix material’s properties.
Relationships between Abyssal Redox Conditions and Rock Magnetic Properties of Surficial Sediments in the Western Pacific
Authors: Chen Yanping , Xu Dong , Qin Huafeng , Liu Geng , Li Yibing , Chen Weiwei , Yi Liang
Published: May 2023

Reconstructing changes in deep/bottom-water redox conditions are critical for understanding the role of the deep ocean in global carbon and metals cycling; nevertheless, the quantitative relationships between redox proxies and abyssal dissolved oxygen are poorly investigated. In this work, we studied the rock magnetic properties of surficial sediments in the western Pacific to investigate their relationship with regional redox conditions. Our results reveal a consistent sedimentary magnetic mineral assemblage in the western Pacific, dominated by pseudo-single-domain magnetite (Fe3O4), while the ratio of detrital and biogenic magnetite particles in different sites varies substantially. Detailed analyses identified two major magnetic-coercivity components, with modal coercivity values of 13.1 ± 1.6 mT and 54.7 ± 5.3 mT, respectively. All the magnetic parameters we measured, including both concentration-dependent and grainsize-dependent parameters, and the magnetic coercivities, are generally correlated to sedimentary redox conditions; however, the coercivities obtained by mathematical unmixing exhibit a stronger linkage, explaining about a quarter of variance of redox changes. Our findings confirm the potential of magnetic properties for tracing abyssal redox changes in the western Pacific, while the observed magnetic-redox relationships are complex and need further investigation.
Innate Pulmonary Phagocytes and Their Interactions with Pathogenic Cryptococcus Species
Authors: Conn Brittney N. , Wozniak Karen L.
Published: May 2023

Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes over 180,000 annual deaths in HIV/AIDS patients. Innate phagocytes in the lungs, such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, are the first cells to interact with the pathogen. Neutrophils, another innate phagocyte, are recruited to the lungs during cryptococcal infection. These innate cells are involved in early detection of C. neoformans, as well as the removal and clearance of cryptococcal infections. However, C. neoformans has developed ways to interfere with these processes, allowing for the evasion of the host’s innate immune system. Additionally, the innate immune cells have the ability to aid in cryptococcal pathogenesis. This review discusses recent literature on the interactions of innate pulmonary phagocytes with C. neoformans.
Field-Crop Soils in Eastern France: Coldspots of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Godeau Chloé , Morin-Crini Nadia , Crini Grégorio , Guillemin Jean-Philippe , Voisin Anne-Sophie , Dousset Sylvie , Rocchi Steffi
Published: May 2023

Triazole fungicides are widely used to treat fungal pathogens in field crops, but very few studies have investigated whether fields of these crops constitute hotspots of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. Soil samples were collected from 22 fields in two regions of eastern France and screened for triazole residues and azole-resistant A. fumigatus (ARAf). Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to quantify A. fumigatus in these soil samples. All the plots contained tebuconazole at concentrations from 5.5 to 19.1 ng/g of soil, and 5 of the 22 plots also contained epoxiconazole. Only a few fungal isolates were obtained, and no ARAf was detected. A. fumigatus qPCR showed that this fungal species was, on average, 5000 times more common in soil from flowerbeds containing ARAf than in soil from field crops. Thus, field-crop soils do not appear to promote A. fumigatus development, even if treated with azole fungicides, and cannot be considered hotspots of resistance. Indeed, our results suggest that they are instead a coldspot of resistance and highlight how little is known about the ecological niche of this species.
Wild Rosa Endophyte M7SB41-Mediated Host Plant’s Powdery Mildew Resistance
Authors: Zhao Yi , Mao Wenqin , Tang Wenting , Soares Marcos Antônio , Li Haiyan
Published: May 2023

Our previous studies indicated that endophyte M7SB41 (Seimatosporium sp.) can significantly enhance host plants powdery mildew (PM) resistance. To recover the mechanisms, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were compared between E+ (endophte-inoculated) and E− (endophyte-free) plants by transcriptomics. A total of 4094, 1200 and 2319 DEGs between E+ and E− were identified at 0, 24, and 72 h after plants had been infected with PM pathogen Golovinomyces cichoracearum, respectively. Gene expression pattern analysis displayed a considerable difference and temporality in response to PM stress between the two groups. Transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that M7SB41 induced plant resistance to PM through Ca2+ signaling, salicylic acid (SA) signaling, and the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. In particular, we investigated the role and the timing of the SA and jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated defensive pathways. Both transcriptomes and pot experiments showed that SA-signaling may play a prominent role in PM resistance conferred by M7SB41. Additionally, the colonization of M7SB41 could effectively increase the activities and the expression of defense-related enzymes under PM pathogen stress. Meanwhile, our study revealed reliable candidate genes from TGA (TGACG motif-binding factor), WRKY, and pathogenesis-related genes related to M7SB41-mediate resistance. These findings offer a novel insight into the mechanisms of endophytes in activating plant defense responses.
COPD Patients with Asthma Features in Vietnam: Prevalence and Suitability for Personalized Medicine
Authors: Van Tho Nguyen , Phan Thu Phuong , Dinh-Xuan Anh Tuan , Ngo Quy Chau , Lan Le Thi Tuyet
Published: May 2023

COPD patients with asthma features usually benefit from inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)-containing regimens, but their burden and diagnostic criteria remain to be established. The aims of this study were to estimate the proportion of patients with asthma features among patients with physician-diagnosed COPD and to investigate differences in clinical characteristics and current medications between COPD patients with asthma features and patients with COPD alone. A cross-sectional study was conducted at two respiratory out-patient clinics at the University Medical Center in Ho Chi Minh City and Bach Mai Hospital in Ha Noi, Vietnam. COPD patients with asthma features were identified by attending physicians following the approach recommended by the GINA/GOLD joint committee. Of the 332 patients screened, 300 were enrolled in the study. The proportion of COPD patients with asthma features was 27.3% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 22.6–32.6%). COPD patients with asthma features were younger, with higher FEV1 values, a greater proportion of positive bronchodilator reversibility tests, higher blood eosinophil count, and were more often treated with ICS/LABA (ICS/long-acting bronchodilator beta-2 agonist) than patients with COPD alone. The prevalence of COPD patients with asthma features is particularly high in Vietnam thus requiring appropriate action plans in clinical practice.
Ecosystem Quality Assessment and Ecological Restoration in Fragile Zone of Loess Plateau: A Case Study of Suide County, China
Authors: Xia Jiayu , Ren Duyuzheng , Wang Xuhui , Xu Bo , Zhong Xingyao , Fan Yajiang
Published: May 2023

The Loess Plateau is the world’s largest loess landform region, characterized by a fragile ecosystem and frequent natural disasters that render it highly susceptible to ecological damage, highlighting urgent ecological restoration. We constructed a “Pattern-Service-Stress Ecosystem Quality Assessment Model” based on the connotation of ecosystem quality and the ArcGIS platform, then applied it to Suide County, a representative area of the Loess Plateau, as the research object. Next, using the dispersal ecology theory and the MCR model, we constructed an ideal ecological network. According to the quality assessment and ecological network analysis, we selected areas with low ecosystem quality within the scope of an ecological corridor as key areas for restoration. Finally, we proposed restoration strategies using regional ecological techniques. This study yielded the following results: The spatial pattern of ecosystem quality in Suide County exhibited a “high in the south and low in the north” pattern, with a high-value area of 823.87 km2, and a low-value area of 509.31 km2, accounting for 44.45% and 27.48% of the total area, respectively. In Suide County’s ecological network, the spatial distribution of ecological sources and corridors is dense in the south and sparse in the north, with a significant amount of path overlap within ecological corridors. Located on the southern ecological corridor of Suide County, forty-five key areas for restoration were classified into seven types. Eight problems were identified in the key areas, and twenty-three targeted restoration measures were proposed. These measures can result in 6.44 km2 of forest land and 5.26 km2 of grassland, improving the ecosystem quality of the key areas and even the entirety of Suide County. This study guides Suide County’s ecological restoration work and provides a paradigm for ecosystem quality assessment and ecological restoration on the Loess Plateau, pointing out directions. It has a certain radiation-driven effect and an important reference significance for ecological restoration in ecologically fragile areas.
Ethnicities in Post-Communist Romania: Spatial Dynamics, Fractionalisation, and Polarisation at the NUTS-3 Level
Authors: Rotaru Marina-Alexandra , Creţan Remus , Ianăş Ana-Neli
Published: May 2023

Scholars have shown a special interest in discovering and studying the role of ethnic diversity and spatiality at the country and region levels. This study contributes to the theoretical debate on the spatial dynamics of ethnicities, with the aim of (1) determining the evolution of ethnic dynamics in post-communist Romania and (2) applying ethnic fractionalisation and polarisation indices. The study uses a mixed methods approach based on a descriptive statistics analysis and applies the fractionalisation and polarisation indices to Romania’s NUTS-3 (i.e., county) level. The findings suggest that the ethnic spatial dynamics in post-communist Romania have shown a decrease in all ethnicities due to migration and low birth rates, with the exception of the Roma ethnicity, for whom the trend is increasing. Additionally, polarisation and fractionalisation indices have different evolutionary manifestations depending on the dynamics of the ethnic groups present in certain geographical areas. Although neither of the two analysed indices has witnessed profound change at the spatial level, these small changes in spatial and short-term ethnic diversity can help us advance knowledge about co-existence in ethnically diverse societies. Higher values of the two indices are obvious in several counties where ethnic Hungarians cohabitate with Romanians and other ethnicities. This discovery can inform policy-makers to implement more policies for the further peaceful co-existence of Hungarians, Romanians, and other ethnic groups in Transylvania and other western counties in Romania. Furthermore, as the population growth trend for the Roma ethnicity is upward, Romania has to implement proper policies and build better government infrastructure to counter social inequality against the Roma people. This will help curb potential conflicts between the Roma and other ethnic groups at the local level. Finally, as most ethnicities decreased in number in post-communist times, further attention needs to be paid to the erosion of ethnic diversity in Romania because this could have a negative impact on economic development, social trust, and democracy.
Analysis of Conditioning Factors in Cuenca, Ecuador, for Landslide Susceptibility Maps Generation Employing Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Bravo-López Esteban , Fernández Del Castillo Tomás , Sellers Chester , Delgado-García Jorge
Published: May 2023

Landslides are events that cause great impact in different parts of the world. Their destructive capacity generates loss of life and considerable economic damage. In this research, several Machine Learning (ML) methods were explored to select the most important conditioning factors, in order to evaluate the susceptibility to rotational landslides in a sector surrounding the city of Cuenca (Ecuador) and with them to elaborate landslide susceptibility maps (LSM) by means of ML. The methods implemented to analyze the importance of the conditioning factors checked for multicollinearity (correlation analysis and VIF), and, with an ML-based approach called feature selection, the most important factors were determined based on Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Feature Selection with Random Forests (FS RF), and Boruta and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) algorithms. LSMs were implemented with Random Forests (RF) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) methods considering a landslide inventory updated to 2019 and 15 available conditioning factors (topographic (10), land cover (3), hydrological (1), and geological (1)), from which, based on the results of the aforementioned analyses, the six most important were chosen. The LSM were elaborated considering all available factors and the six most important ones, with the previously mentioned ML methods, and were compared with the result generated by an Artificial Neural Network with resilient backpropagation (ANN rprop-) with six conditioning factors. The results obtained were validated by means of AUC-ROC value and showed a good predictive capacity for all cases, highlighting those obtained with XGBoost, which, in addition to a high AUC value (>0.84), obtained a good degree of coincidence of landslides at high and very high susceptibility levels (>72%). Despite the findings of this research, it is necessary to study in depth the methods applied for the development of future research that will contribute to developing a preventive approach in the study area.
A Participatory Approach to Assess Social Demand and Value of Urban Waterscapes: A Case Study in San Marcos, Texas, USA
Authors: Wade Madeline T. , Julian Jason P. , Jeffery Kevin S. , Davidson Sarah M.
Published: May 2023

Waterscapes can have meaningful benefits for people’s wellbeing and mental health by helping them feel calmer and more connected to nature, especially in times of stress such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The waterscapes along the San Marcos River (Texas, USA) provide economic, social, environmental, and emotional benefits to the surrounding community. To assess the social demand for and emotional experiences in these blue spaces, we used a new framework called Blue Index that collects noncontact data from photo stations. From 10 photo stations across different waterscapes, we collected and analyzed 565 volunteer assessments from May 2021 to March 2022—during the COVID-19 pandemic and following the reopening of riverside parks. Most respondents (57%) indicated they spend more time at the river than they did before the onset of the pandemic. Moreover, 93% of respondents agreed that the waterscape they were visiting represented a refuge from stress and isolation caused by COVID-19. Overall, people valued waterscapes for ecological benefits and relationships with the place, rather than for recreation and tourism. Emotions experienced at all 10 waterscapes were overwhelmingly positive. Statistical tests revealed that higher positive emotions were significantly associated with biophysical perceptions of flow, cleanliness, and naturalness. Our results demonstrate that the benefits of blue spaces derive from an interrelated combination of ecosystem and mental health. The new Blue Index approach presented here promotes participatory land management through noncontact community engagement and knowledge coproduction.
The Forms and Functions of Switch Reference in A’ingae
Authors: AnderBois Scott , Altshuler Daniel , Silva Wilson D. L.
Published: May 2023

This paper examines switch reference (SR) in A’ingae, an understudied isolate language from Amazonian Ecuador. We present a theoretically informed survey of SR, identifying three distinct uses of switch reference: in clause chaining, adverbial clauses, and so-called ‘bridging’ clause linkage. We describe the syntactic and semantic properties of each use in detail, the first such description for A’ingae, showing that the three constructions differ in important ways. While leaving a full syntactic analysis to future work, we argue that these disparate properties preclude a syntactic account that unifies these three constructions to the exclusion of other environments without SR. Conversely, while a full semantic account is also left to future work, we suggest that a unified semantic account in terms of discourse coherence principles appears more promising. In particular, we propose that switch reference in A’ingae occurs in all and only the constructions that are semantically restricted to non-structuring coordinating coherence relations in the sense of Segmented Discourse Representation Theory.
Interventional Approach to Portal Vein Thrombosis and Liver Transplantation: State of the Art
Authors: Ramalingam Vijay , Yang Lauren M. , McCarthy Colin J. , Ahmed Muneeb
Published: May 2023

Porto-mesenteric vein thrombosis (PVT) is a well-recognized but uncommon disease entity in patients with and without cirrhosis. Given the complexity of these patients, there are many differing treatment algorithms depending on the individual circumstances of a given patient. The focus of this review is primarily patients with cirrhosis, with an emphasis on liver transplantation considerations. The presence of cirrhosis substantially affects work-up, prognosis, and management of these patients and will substantially affect the patient treatment and have additional implications for prognosis and long-term outcomes. Here, we review the incidence of portal vein thrombosis in known cirrhotic patients, medical and interventional treatment options that are currently used, and, in particular, how to approach cirrhotic patients with PVT who are awaiting liver transplantation.
Depression, Stress and Anxiety among Women and Men Affected by Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Inversetti Annalisa , Perna Giampaolo , Lalli Gloria , Grande Giuseppe , Di Simone Nicoletta
Published: May 2023

The aim of the present study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on depression, stress and anxiety in women who experienced recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) compared to controls and to men who experienced RPL. The pooled results showed a higher level of moderate/severe depression among women who experienced RPL compared to controls (5359 women, random effects model, odds ratio (OR) 3.77, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.71–5.23, p < 0.00001, I2 0%). Anxiety and stress levels were also higher among women experiencing RPL compared to controls. The pooled results showed a higher level of moderate/severe depression in women who experienced RPL compared to men who underwent the same experience (113/577 (19.5%) women versus 33/446 (7%) men versus random effects model, OR 4.63; 95% CI 2.95–7.25, p < 0.00001 I2 0%). Similarly, higher levels of stress and anxiety in women experiencing RPL compared to men experiencing RPL were described. Women who experienced RPL showed higher rates of moderate–severe depression, stress and anxiety compared to both controls and men who experienced RPL. Healthcare professionals should implement screening for anxiety and depression and social support for both partners and support them in dealing with RPL according to sex-specific responses to this stressful event.
Limitary State of Heavy-Duty Engine Oils and Their Evaluation According to the Change of Tribological Properties during Operation
Authors: Padgurskas Juozas , Volskis Darius , Rukuiža Raimundas , Kupčinskas Artūras , Basheleishvili Nino , Tučkutė Simona
Published: May 2023

The tribological properties of engine oils for heavy-duty trucks are evaluated, taking into consideration their variation during operation. After testing new oils or oils after a 2500 km and 5000 km run, there were no essential differences in their tribological properties at lower loads, but at higher loads and longer durations of operation, significant differences were found, including increased friction losses and the reduced surface wear protection ability of the oils. There are two main reasons for this reduced ability of the tested oils to form a boundary lubrication layer: the consuming of the functional additives and the aging of the oil, i.e., oxidation and an increase in acidity. Research data show a close relationship between the increasing acidity and surface wear.
Novel Process Modeling of Magnetic-Field Assisted Finishing (MAF) with Rheological Properties
Authors: Poudel Bibek , Nguyen Hoa , Song Guangchao , Kwon Patrick , Chung Haseung
Published: May 2023

The performance of a magnetic-field-assisted finishing (MAF) process, an advanced surface finishing process, is severely affected by the rheological properties of an MAF brush. The yield stress and viscosity of the MAF brush, comprising iron particles and abrasives mixed in a liquid carrier medium, change depending on the brush’s constituents and the applied magnetic field, which in turn affect the material removal mechanism and the corresponding final surface roughness after the MAF. A series of experiments was conducted to delineate the effect of MAF processing conditions on the yield stress of the MAF brush. The experimental data were fitted into commonly used rheology models. The Herschel–Bulkley (HB) model was found to be the most suitable fit (lowest sum of square errors (SSE)) for the shear stress–shear rate data obtained from the rheology tests and used to calculate the yield stress of the MAF brush. Processing parameters, such as magnetic flux density, weight ratio of iron and abrasives, and abrasive (black ceramic in this study) size, with p-values of 0.031, 0.001 and 0.037, respectively, (each of them lower than the significance level of 0.05), were all found to be statistically significant parameters that affected the yield stress of the MAF brush. Yield stress increased with magnetic flux density and the weight ratio of iron to abrasives in MAF brush and decreased with abrasive size. A new process model, a rheology-integrated model (RM), was formulated using the yield stress data from HB model to determine the indentation depth of individual abrasives in the workpiece during the MAF process. The calculated indentation depth enabled us to predict the material removal rate (MRR) and the instantaneous surface roughness. The predicted MRR and surface roughness from the RM model were found to be a better fit with the experimental data than the pre-existing contact mechanics model (CMM) and wear model (WM) with a R2 of 0.91 for RM as compared to 0.76 and 0.78 for CMM and WM. Finally, the RM, under parametric variations, showed that MRR increases and roughness decreases as magnetic flux density, rotational speed, weight ratio of iron to abrasive particles in MAF brush, and initial roughness increase, and abrasive size decreases.
Study on Dynamic and Static Mechanical Properties of Copper-Plated Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Qi Juan , Liu Aonan , Su Peng , Mu Chaomin
Published: May 2023

The mechanical properties and impact resistance of conventional self-compacting concrete (SCC) need to be further improved. In order to explore the dynamic and static mechanical properties of copper-plated steel-fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (CPSFRSCC), the static mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical properties of CPSFRSCC with a different volume fraction of copper-plated steel fiber (CPSF) are tested, and a numerical experiment is carried out to analyze the experimental results. The results show that the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be effectively improved by adding CPSF, especially for the tensile mechanical properties. The static tensile strength of CPSFRSCC shows a trend that increases with the increase in the volume fraction of CPSF and then reaches the maximum when the volume fraction of CPSF is 3%. The dynamic tensile strength of CPSFRSCC shows a trend that increases first and then decrease with the increase in the volume fraction of CPSF, and then reaches the maximum when the volume fraction of CPSF is 2%. The results of the numerical simulation show that the failure morphology of CPSFRSCC is closely related to the content of CPSF; with the increase in the volume fraction of CPSF, the fracture morphology of the specimen gradually evolves from complete fracture to incomplete fracture.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance of MoS2/MoO2 Composite Catalyst
Authors: Dong Daoyu , Yan Weitao , Tao Yaqiu , Liu Yunfei , Lu Yinong , Pan Zhigang
Published: May 2023

Solar energy is an inexhaustible clean energy providing a key solution to the dual challenges of energy and environmental crises. Graphite-like layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising photocatalytic material with three different crystal structures, 1T, 2H and 3R, each with distinct photoelectric properties. In this paper, 1T-MoS2 and 2H-MoS2, which are widely used in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, were combined with MoO2 to form composite catalysts using a bottom-up one-step hydrothermal method. The microstructure and morphology of the composite catalysts were studied by XRD, SEM, BET, XPS and EIS. The prepared catalysts were used in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of formic acid. The results show that MoS2/MoO2 composite catalysts have an excellent catalytic effect on hydrogen evolution from formic acid. By analyzing the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of composite catalysts, it suggests that the properties of MoS2 composite catalysts with different polymorphs are distinct, and different content of MoO2 also bring differences. Among the composite catalysts, 2H-MoS2/MoO2 composite catalysts with 48% MoO2 content show the best performance. The hydrogen yield is 960 µmol/h, which is 1.2 times pure 2H-MoS2 and two times pure MoO2. The hydrogen selectivity reaches 75%, which is 22% times higher than that of pure 2H-MoS2 and 30% higher than that of MoO2. The excellent performance of the 2H-MoS2/MoO2 composite catalyst is mainly due to the formation of the heterogeneous structure between MoS2 and MoO2, which improves the migration of photogenerated carriers and reduces the possibilities of recombination through the internal electric field. MoS2/MoO2 composite catalyst provides a cheap and efficient solution for photocatalytic hydrogen production from formic acid.
Experimental Study of the Factors Influencing the Regeneration Performance of Reduced Graphite Oxide Filter Materials under Water Cleaning
Authors: Yang Min , Yang Bing , Zhang Xin , Wu Saisai , Yu Tao , Song Hong , Ren Fei , He Puchun , Zhu Yanhui
Published: May 2023

With the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, air filters are being used and replaced more frequently. How to efficiently utilize air filter materials and determining whether they have regenerative properties have become current research hotspots. This paper discusses the regeneration performance of reduced graphite oxide filter materials, which were studied in depth using water cleaning and the relevant parameters, including the cleaning times. The results showed that water cleaning was most effective using a 20 L/(s·m2) water flow velocity with a 17 s cleaning time. The filtration efficiency decreased as the number of cleanings increased. Compared to the blank group, the filter material’s PM10 filtration efficiency decreased by 0.8%, 19.4%, 26.5%, and 32.4% after the first to fourth cleanings, respectively. The filter material’s PM2.5 filtration efficiency increased by 12.5% after the first cleaning, and decreased by 12.9%, 17.6%, and 30.2% after the second to fourth cleanings, respectively. The filter material’s PM1.0 filtration efficiency increased by 22.7% after the first cleaning, and decreased by 8.1%, 13.8%, and 24.5% after the second to fourth cleanings, respectively. Water cleaning mainly affected the filtration efficiency of particulates sized 0.3–2.5 μm. Reduced graphite oxide air filter materials could be water washed twice and maintain cleanliness equal to 90% of the original filter material. Water washing more than twice could not achieve the standard cleanliness equal to 85% of the original filter material. These data provide useful reference values for the evaluation of the filter materials’ regeneration performance.
Study on Physical Properties of Desulfurized Electrolytic Manganese Residue Cement and Properties of Mortar
Authors: Chen Shichao , Wang Fang , Ma Lihua , Che Jialing
Published: May 2023

The desulfurized electrolytic manganese residue (DMR) was prepared by calcination and desulfurization of industrial waste electrolytic manganese residue, and the original DMR was ground to prepare DMR fine powder (GDMR) with specific surface areas of 383 m2/kg, 428 m2/kg, and 629 m2/kg. The effects of particle fineness and content of GDMR (GDMR content=0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) on the physical properties of cement and the mechanical properties of mortar were studied. After that, the leachability of heavy metal ions was tested, and the hydration products of GDMR cement were analyzed using XRD and SEM. The results show that the addition of GDMR can regulate the fluidity and water requirement for the normal consistency of cement, delay the hydration process of cement, increase the initial setting and final setting time of cement, and reduce the strength of cement mortar, especially the strength of early age mortar. As the fineness of GDMR increases, the reduction of bending strength and compressive strength decreases, and the activity index increases. The content of GDMR has a significant effect on short-term strength. With the increase in GDMR content, the strength reduction degree becomes higher and the activity index decreases. When the content of GDMR was 30%, the 3D compressive strength and bending strength decreased by 33.1% and 29%. When the content of GDMR in cement is less than 20%, the maximum limit of leachable heavy metal content in cement clinker can be met.
All-to-All Broadcast Algorithm in Galaxyfly Networks
Authors: Zhuang Hongbin , Chang Jou-Ming , Li Xiao-Yan , Song Fangying , Lin Qinying
Published: May 2023

The design of interconnection networks is a fundamental aspect of high-performance computing (HPC) systems. Among the available topologies, the Galaxyfly network stands out as a low-diameter and flexible-radix network for HPC applications. Given the paramount importance of collective communication in HPC performance, in this paper, we present two different all-to-all broadcast algorithms for the Galaxyfly network, which adhere to the supernode-first rule and the router-first rule, respectively. Our performance evaluation validates their effectiveness and shows that the first algorithm has a higher degree of utilization of network channels, and that the second algorithm can significantly reduce the average time for routers to collect packets from the supernode.
Finite-Time Super Twisting Disturbance Observer-Based Backstepping Control for Body-Flap Hypersonic Vehicle
Authors: Liu Daiming , Min Changwan , Cui Jiashan , Li Fei , Feng Dongzhu , Dai Pei
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the attitude control problem for underactuated body-flap hypersonic vehicles (BFHSVs) with mixed disturbances. First, the control-oriented model for BFHSV is introduced. Then, an improved finite-time super twisting disturbance observer (STDO) is designed. Finite-time convergence of estimate error and smoother inputs are achieved. Meanwhile, a parametric command method is introduced to calculate the differential of inputs which can enhance the dynamic response of the closed-loop system. Subsequently, the virtual control signal is derived by a second-order filter to avoid the differential explosion problem. The overall stability of the closed-loop system is demonstrated by applying the Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, the performance of the proposed control scheme is evaluated through extensive and comparative numerical simulations under multiple disturbances.
A Class of Quasilinear Equations with Distributed Gerasimov–Caputo Derivatives
Authors: Fedorov Vladimir E. , Filin Nikolay V.
Published: May 2023

Quasilinear equations in Banach spaces with distributed Gerasimov–Caputo fractional derivatives, which are defined by the Riemann–Stieltjes integrals, and with a linear closed operator A, are studied. The issues of unique solvability of the Cauchy problem to such equations are considered. Under the Lipschitz continuity condition in phase variables and two types of continuity over all variables of a nonlinear operator in the equation, we obtain two versions on a theorem on the nonlocal existence of a unique solution. Two similar versions of local unique solvability of the Cauchy problem are proved under the local Lipschitz continuity condition for the nonlinear operator. The general results are used for the study of an initial boundary value problem for a generalization of the nonlinear phase field system of equations with distributed derivatives with respect to time.