bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of some cotton genotypes for resistance to Verticillium dahliae Kleb. under field conditions
Authors: Avşar Özlem , Kolay Betül , Karademir Emine , Sağır Pınar , Bars Orak Aysel
Published: December 2023

Verticillium wilt caused by the soil-borne pathogen is one of the most significant diseases affecting the yield of cotton and is almost incurable with chemical agents. For this reason, it will be inevitable to cultivate resistant varieties. In this direction, this study was carried out to determine the response of cotton varieties and inbred lines obtained from cotton breeding projects of the GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center (GAPUTAEM) in Diyarbakır, Türkiye to Verticillium wilt disease. The trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications during the 2016 and 2017 cotton growing seasons. In the study, 12 advanced inbred lines (8, 20, 30, 34, 38, 57, 58, 63, 64, 8/4, 5/7, and 8/1) and 3 control varieties [Stoneville 468, Carmen (tolerant control), and Çukurova-1518 (sensitive-control)] were tested for the response to Verticillium wilt under naturally infected field conditions. Disease severity was determined in the leaf at 5-10% and 50-60% of the boll opening stages and in the stem section after harvest. Additionally, some yield parameters and fiber quality properties were investigated in the study. The results indicated that there were significant differences among genotypes for most of the investigated characteristics.It was determined that with regard to foliar disease index (FDI) as mentioned boll opening stages and disease index of stem cross-section (SDI) the most tolerant genotype was inbred line 38, while the most sensitive variety was Çukurova-1518. As a result of their low disease index value and high yield capacity, the inbred lines 30, 57, 38, and 20 were recommended.
An updated data on bionomics of walnut weevil, Alcidodes porrectirostris Marshal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under laboratory conditions and its extent of damage in Juglans regia (L.) of the Kashmir valley, India
Authors: Khan Sajad , Lone Inayat , Bhat Deen , Feroz Mohd
Published: December 2023

Walnut is one of the most important fruits, which has been defined as a "Superfood" in recent years. It is infected by a wide array of insect pests. Among these pests, the walnut weevil is a destructive one. Its adults feed on flowers and buds while its larvae feed inside the fruits and are extremely destructive in causing premature dropping. We report two generations of walnut weevil in a year and only a single larva per fruit. Adults emerge from the soil in April and feed on walnut leaf buds, petioles of leaves, and floral buds. Adult females lay 1-2 eggs on fruits, mainly in May and early June, hatch in 4.9±0.74 (SD) days and 4.5±0.97 days in the first and second generations. They develop through three instars and the total developmental time lies in the range of 46-55 days (49.1±2.51). The adults of the second generation undergo overwintering to avoid harsh environmental conditions. Comprehension of biology, life cycles, and the nature of damage aids in keeping track of specific insect pests at the proper time.
Lygus species (Hemiptera: Miridae), their distribution, and population dynamics in cotton production areas in Diyarbakır province, Türkiye
Authors: Yalçın Hivda , Mutlu Çetin
Published: December 2023

Many insect pests infest cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop, resulting in significant economic losses. The tarnished plant bugs (Lygus species) greatly damage the cotton crop during all growth stages. This study determined Lygus species infesting cotton in Diyarbakır province, their distribution, and population dynamics during 2020 and 2021. Lygus species samples were collected from 244 fields in 7 districts of the province by using either D-vac or sweep net based on the phenological period of cotton. Population dynamics of the species were monitored weekly by using sweep net and D-vac from two fields situated in the Sur (Gencan village) and Çınar (Şükürlü village) districts of the province during both years. Two species including Lygus gemellatus (Herrich-Schäffer) and L. pratensis (Linnaeus) were identified during the study. Lygus gemellatus was the most common and abundant species observed in 91.2% and 74.7% of the surveyed fields during 2020 and 2021, respectively. The species were recorded at the end of May (before flowering) during both years, and their populations increased afterward. The peak population of both species was observed during the boll maturation period. The D-vac trapped a statistically higher number of Lygus bugs than the sweep net at Gencan (p
Experimental study of the surface tension of a magnetic fluid and its liquid base
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Khokhryakova C. A. , Mizeva I. A. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Shmyrov A. V. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Lebedev A. V. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Shmyrova A. I. ,   Perm State University, Kolesnichenko E. V. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS,   Perm State University
Published: December 2023

The action of an external magnetic field on a magnetic fluid surface tension is a topical problem that has beenrepeatedly addressed theoretically, with a relatively small number of experimental studies conducted. The purpose of ourwork is systematic experimental research on the surface tension of a magnetic fluid and its non-magnetic liquid base by static and dynamic methods. We carried out a detailed study of the physicochemical properties of a decane-based magnetic fluid with magnetite particles stabilized by oleic acid. The dependences of the surface tension and vis-cosity of the non-magnetic liquid base on the concentration of the stabilizing liquid in it and tem-perature were systematically studied. A modified capillary waves method (CWM) was used to measure the surface tension; the results were verified with data obtained using a high-precision commercial tensiometric device. It is shown that with an increase in the concentration of oleic acid in decane, the surface tension of the solution increases. With an increase in the external vertical magnetic field strength, the surface tension of the decane-based magnetic fluid decreases, which is consistent with theoretical results of other authors. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the physical mechanism of the change in the surface tension of amagnetic fluid in a magnet-ic field due to the redistribution of magnetic particles in the near-surface layer.
Effects of scaling on the energy efficiency of oil pumps
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Peshcherenko S. N. ,   Novomet-Perm JSC, Bashkirov A. S. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University,   Novomet-Perm JSC, Kozlov I. V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University,   Novomet-Perm JSC
Published: December 2023

Multistage centrifugal oil pumps have been used in oil production for about a century. The design of their stages has not changed for a long time, only the geometric dimensions vary, which still makes it possible to improve the performance characteristics of pumps. One of the widely used methods of changing the geometric dimensions of the stages is the scaling of stages to other dimensions. Pres-sure and flow characteristics of scaled stages are recalculated by similarity criteria and practically coincide with the results of bench tests. The efficiency of stages scaled from larger to smaller di-mensions is always lower than that of the original stages. The purpose of this work was to establish the reasons for this phenomenon. The influence of such factors as the flow channel roughness, leak-age and disk friction was evaluated. It is shown that roughness and leakage are the determining fac-tors. The similarity method showed that as a result of scaling the effect of roughness can be reduced and even compensated by increasing the shaft speed, which was confirmed by calculations and bench tests.
Convective transfer of a conditional admixture within urban geometry
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Evgrafova A. V. , Sukhanovskii A. N. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS,   Perm State University
Published: December 2023

The paper studies the process of a heavy impurity propagation in urban geometry. As an object of re-search, a three-dimensional layout of a part of the city of Perm was used. It reproduces the height and lo-cation of buildings as well as terrain features on an area of about 5 km². The model was placed in a con-tainer with water; aqueous solutions of NaCl were used as an impurity. The experimental parameters were selected based on the approximation of turbulent characteristics and qualitatively describe the process of propagation of the carbon dioxide/air mixture. Experiments were performed for localized and extended impurity sources. It is shown that the terrain plays an essential role in the process of impurity propagation. The admixture tends to fill the lowest areas of the relief. The presence of buildings prevents the move-ment of impurities. In some cases, this can lead to the formation of stagnant zones with a high impurity content.
Numerical simulation of the maximum temperature difference in a thermoelectric branch made of a variband bismuth-antimony alloy in the temperature range of 70–120 K
Authors:   Kurgan State University, Bochegov V. I. , Denzanova T. V. ,   Kurgan State University, Nikiforova L. N. ,   Kurgan State University, Peshkova I. A. ,   Kurgan State University
Published: December 2023

Inhomogeneous bismuth-antimony alloys are the most efficient thermoelectrics at 100 K. This article describes a numerical simulation by means of COMSOL Multiphysics of the temperature field as a function of the current in a thermoelectric branch made of a gradient-inhomogeneous Bi100-x-Sbx al-loy within the semiconductor region of the interval 11 at. %< x<19 at. %. The model takes into account that the parameters of the substance affecting the thermoelectric figure of merit, namely ther-mal conductivity, thermoelectric power, and electrical conductivity, are variable along the branch. In this case, the alloy inhomogeneity and temperature gradients lie in the cleavage plane of the sample. To simulate this problem, the authors numerically solved a system of heat conduction equations and the generalized Ohm's law equations, taking into account continuously distributed heat sources, for which the Joule heat, the Thomson effect, and the Peltier effect are responsible. It can be seen from numerical calculations that in the region of 70–120 K, there is an increase in the maximum tempera-ture difference in the presence of opposite gradients of the antimony concentration and temperature in the sample, compared to unidirectional gradients or a homogeneous alloy. The results obtained were compared with experimental data for a thermal branch with the same inhomogeneity composi-tion (11 at. %<x<19 at. % Sb).
The structure of quartz fibers with copper coatings after vacuum heat treatment
Authors:   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Bulatov M. I. ,   Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, Grigorev N. S. ,   Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, Shatsov A. A. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Spivak L. V. ,   Perm State University
Published: December 2023

Using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetric analysis, we investigated the struc-ture and the effect of heat treatment in vacuum on the physical and mechanical properties of quartz fibers with a copper coating. The results of X-ray phase analysis show that at temperatures up to 1000 °C quartz is X-ray amorphous; however, the method of differential scanning calorimetry turned out to be more sensitive to changes in the properties of the material. It was found that at a heating rate of 10 °C/min, a crystal structure is formed in quartz fibers in the temperature range of 630-1000 °C during 30 minutes, which leads to a significant deterioration of physical and mechanical properties. This effect was confirmed at specific temperatures with the help of a scanning electron microscope.
Investigation of the pseudoplastic properties of fluids used for hydraulic fracturing in a wide range of shear rates and pressures
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Efremov D.V. , Bannikova I.A. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Uvarov S.V. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Bayandin Yu.V. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Naimark O.B. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Krutikhin E. V. ,   JSC “POLYEX”, Zhuravlev V. A. ,   JSC “POLYEX”
Published: December 2023

Experimental data on quasi-static and dynamic loading of fluids with viscoelastic surfactants are used for the prediction of hydraulic fracturing. The paper proposes the dependence of viscosity on shear rate and pressure in a wide range of loading conditions. Experimental studies of liquids were carried out with the use of a falling ball rheometer (the Stokes method), industrial rheometers with a measuring system ‘cone-plane’ or ‘coaxial cylinders’; studies at high shear strain rates were car-ried out by the method of electrical explosion of the conductor. The proposed power-law depend-ence of viscosity on the shear strain rate with taking into account pressure, makes it possible to adequately describe experimental data from laboratory tests in the range of the shear strain rate and fluid pressure characteristic of hydraulic fracturing.
The Language of Russian Social Advertising of the New Times(Based on Texts Devoted to the Special Military Operation)
Authors:   Perm State University, Danilevskaya Nataliya V.
Published: December 2023

The article analyzes the problem of linguistic originality of social advertising texts devoted to the topic of the special military operation (abbreviated as SVO) conducted by the Russian Federation in the territory of Ukraine. The research field also includes advertising texts concerning the events of the Great Patriotic War as a historical event closely related to the current military-political situation. The article aims to study the language and content of social advertising texts devoted to the SVO in order to identify the ideological implications contained in them. Research methods: basic principles of philosophy, sociology, media linguistics as well as the lexico-semantic and functional-stylistic methods. Results: the paper discusses different approaches to the concept of ‘ideology’ and presents it as socially, politically, and morally significant in the context of the Basic Law (Constitution) of the Russian Federation. Following an analysis of the results of globalization, digitalization, and mediatization in modern society, the conclusion is made about the negative consequences of the absence of formulated parameters of state ideology in the Basic Law. An analysis of the linguistic and content features of the texts, conducted through the prism of the problem of creating a new state ideology, showed the presence of a large ideological and educational potential in social advertising related to the SVO; the author comes to the conclusion about the lexical and polycode diversity of expression of historical and cultural ideological implications in the studied texts. In the conclusion of the article, it is stated that texts related to the SVO are directly involved in the process of search for the main values underlying the new Russian ideology.
‘A Crust on Supports’: the Names of Failed Bread Products in the Russian Dialects of the Perm Region
Authors:   Perm Federal Research Center of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Zvereva Yuliya V.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the Perm dialect names of failed bread products. There are a large number of words in Perm dialects that name such foods, which indicates the ubiquity of home-baked bread. Naturally, there frequently occur various culinary mistakes. Characteristics and nominations of failed baked products testify to the importance for the dialect speakers of such properties as taste, texture, and shape. The author analyzes this group of vocabulary in the semantic-motivational aspect in order to determine the features of its formation, to identify possible borrowings, and to carry out etymological reconstruction of lexemes with an unclear internal form. The study shows that figurative, expressive units predominate in this lexical group; phraseological combinations and expressions, comparative constructions, metaphors are often used to characterize unbaked, not risen, burnt baked products. Basically, this fact explains the numerical predominance of Perm dialect vocabulary among the words with this meaning. The emergence of some lexemes is the result of borrowing from the Permiс (Komi and Komi-Permyak) languages. These lexical units are noted in the northern dialects of the Kama region since the territory of their use was characterized by the closest contacts with the Komi population. The making of bread and other baked products was one of the important duties of a woman in the peasant economy, testifying to her qualities as a hostess. Therefore, when describing failed baked products, speakers of the dialect may sometimes use expressions that indicate the mistakes of a female baker.
Philosophy as theory and practice: history, substance and prospects
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Gabrielyan Oleg A. , Garbuzov Dmitry V. ,   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: December 2023

The article considers philosophy as a special mode of perception-awareness of the human psyche and a form of cognitive activity. Its structure and main directions of updating are revealed. The result of philosophical thinking and experience is theoretical knowledge, on the one hand, and practical activity, on the other hand. The definition of the classical philosophical tradition (metaphysics) and the reasons for its crisis are given. The criticism of the classical philosophical tradition in modern philosophy and its results are analyzed. All lines of philosophizing that deploy the basic model of philosophical thinking and the forms and modes of cognitive activity associated with it formed the classical philosophical tradition. Separate schools and areas of philosophy developed different possibilities and structures of this way of thinking and perception-awareness. A feature of the modern stage of philosophy is that the cognitive theoretical resources of this way of thinking and the mode of cognitive activity have already been realized to a great extent. The creative field of philosophy is not so much the creation of new theoretical constructions, but the practical application of existing ones, involving their operationalization and modification for specific problems. Based on the findings, the specifics of philosophical theory and practice in the modern world are determined. The place and status of the philosopher in previous historical epochs and in the modern world is analyzed. The practical role of philosophy in the modern worlds of everyday life and the global world is determined. It is concluded that philosophers today, if they want to remain relevant and not fall out of modernity into a kind of «bookish eternity», not only can, but must not only cognize reality, but also change it. The role of the Department of Philosophy at the modern university and within the educational system is analyzed. A number of basic provisions are formulated that can and should guide the staff of the Department of Philosophy in their current work.
Philosophical aspects of digitalization of education: «anti-digitalization» approach
Authors:   Perm State University, Afanasenko Yana A.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of digitalization of education from the perspective of the «antidigitalisation» approach. The aim of the study is to identify and discuss the problematic philosophical context specific to the «anti-digitalization» approach. The author believes that this approach should be based on the interpretation of digitalization as a tool for destroying the essence of man, as a result of which he can no longer reproduce either himself or the conditions of his existence. Intellectual labor is being replaced by gamification, entertainment, thinking is de-rationalized, and the phenomenon of «digital dementia» is spreading. In turn, speech activity, communication are reduced to interaction with and subordination to machine algorithms, which leads to desocialization. The paper shows the relationship between the contemporary form of digitalization and Neo-Malthusianism and transhumanism as well as the outdated approaches of mechanistic materialism and metaphysical thinking. What becomes the educational problem in the context of digitalization is the destruction of the traditional system of education and pedagogy, the turning of education into a simulacrum, and of its participants — into algorithm-driven objects. In the author’s opinion, the way out of this crisis situation is possible only with a new reception of the Soviet experience in the field of education and the humanistic heritage of the past.
«Overcoming dialectics» and the semantic space of economic metaphor in J. Derrida’s philosophy of difference: toward the value dimension of deconstruction
Authors:   Regional scientific library named after V.A. Artisevich, Saratov State University, Skovorodko Alexander D.
Published: December 2023

The article discusses the conceptual design of the semantic space of economic metaphor proposed in J. Derrida’s philosophy in the context of its demarcation with the dialectical interpretation. The purpose of this work is to show how Derrida mixes under one idiom (the «economy of difference» or simply «différance») several meanings of «economy», conflicting, but functionally correlated with each other, and also, through revealing this point, to bring to the question of the value foundations of deconstructivist thinking. For this, the study employs a comparative analysis of texts by Derrida and some authors from whom he borrows and transforms the economic metaphor in the context of criticism of dialectical method of philosophizing (G. Bataille and E. Levinas). Derrida’s philosophy, by reconfiguring dialectical economy, rethinks the economic metaphor and brings out non-dialectical Difference as an independent philosophical project. The article, while also referring to F. Laruelle’s commentary, establishes that the pairing of conflicting meanings of economy, only from which a pure Difference can be obtained, is achieved by Derrida through an active balancing or shifting of emphasis in a newly understandable economic metaphor (economy and dialectic are sometimes surmountable, sometimes necessary). The principle according to which, due to this rearrangement, the semantic space of «economy» is organized, also indicates the presence of certain value preconditions in deconstruction. The results of the analysis open up prospects for exploring the question of the role of values in deconstruction. For example, it is possible to continue research with a deeper analysis of Derrida’s and Levinas’s projects in the context of the ethical questions of their philosophy.
Complex polymer preparations for the protection of seeds of grain crops of agricultural plants
Authors:   Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Maksimov Aleksandr Yu. ,   Perm State University, Dubasova Yulia A. ,   Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Perm State University
Published: December 2023

Pre-sowing treatment of seeds of cultivated plants with agrochemicals can significantly reduce crop losses. A promising technology for increasing the yield of spring crops in arid zones characterized by moisture deficiency in the summer is winter sowing. However, this method carries the risk of large losses as a result of premature germination of grain in the event of prolonged positive temperatures in the fall or severe thaws. Special grain processing chemicals can prevent such losses. Complex polymer preparations have been developed to protect grain seeds from premature germination and damage by phytopathogens. It has been shown that compositions based on polyvinyl acetate dispersions and polyacrylamide most effectively prevent premature germination of barley grains. At the same time, treatment with a copolymer of acrylamide and acrylate significantly reduced plant germination. It has been shown that when barley grains are treated with compositions based on polysaccharides with a fungicidal preparation, fungal infection is completely absent, and there is no significant inhibition of seed germination. This composition for treatment against fungal spoilage of grain and seedlings seems promising for practical use.
THERMOGRAVIMETRIC STUDY OF MONOALKYL(С8-С12)PHENOLFORMALDEHYDE OLIGOMERS MODIFIED WITH IMIDAZOLINES BASED ON FATTY ACIDS OF VEGETABLE OILS AND POLYAMINES
Authors: Amiraslanova Menzer N. , Aliyeva Shakhla R. , Aliyeva Nushaba M. , Isayeva Parvana E. , Abdullayeva Narmina R. , Rustamov Rufat A. , Mammadzada Fidan A.
Published: December 2023

The thermal properties of monoalkyl(C8-C12)phenol-formaldehyde oligomers modified with imidazolines synthesized from fatty acids of vegetable oils and polyamines (diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, and polyethylenepolyamines) at different molar ratios have been studied. Fatty acids are obtained by saponification of sunflower and corn oils, followed by the interaction of a mixture of their salts with hydrochloric acid. The dependence of thermal characteristics on the composition of oligomers was studied, regularities were revealed in comparison with unmodified analogues. Appropriate conclusions are drawn.
USING THE NDVI TO ANALYZE THE EFFICIENCYOF RECLAMATION WHEN ASSESSING THE CONDITION OF VEGETATION COVER ON DISTURBED LANDS
Authors: Rakhimova Alina A. , Chermyanina Olga Yu. , Samigullin Ruslan I.
Published: December 2023

Land disturbance due to human economic activity can lead to serious deterioration of the vegetation cover or its destruction. Land reclamation is an important stage in their restoration. Assessment of the effectiveness of reclamation is based on an analysis of the state of the vegetation cover, and a key role in this process is played by the method of assessing vegetation using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).In the course of the work, a comparative analysis of field and remote methods for monitoring vegetation cover was carried out to identify their advantages and disadvantages. The simplest, most accurate and less expensive method has been determined – determining the quality of vegetation cover using satellite images of the Earth.A vegetation method for assessing vegetation cover to analyze the implementation of reclamation work is proposed. The process of carrying out reclamation work in the event of severe contamination of the soil surface lasts for years and continues until the fertile soil layer is completely restored to a state suitable for its use in accordance with its intended purpose and permitted use.The NDVI is the most applicable in studying the vegetative capacity of plants, since it is the most sensitive to the concentration of chlorophyll in plant leaf tissues. The index is formed through spectral satellite images, which absorbs electromagnetic waves in the red spectrum and reflects in the near-infrared. The result is a complete spectral analysis, with which you can identify areas that need reseeding or additional fertilization. The index is moderately sensitive to climate and soil changes and may become saturated in densely vegetated environments.A study of satellite images was carried out to determine the NDVI. As an example, the object of study was taken – a land allotment site for the construction of a high-pressure water pipeline, located on the territory of the Sharansky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Maps of the distribution of the NDVI were compiled before construction (2020) and during reclamation (2021–2022). An analysis of the obtained data was carried out, the results of which revealed the possibility of reducing the restoration period from 3 years (according to the existing scheme) to 1 year.
Creating Creatinine: How to Pass a Urine Drug Test
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, TN 38163, USA, Shannon Elizabeth , Havill John ,   Eastern Nephrology, Wilmington, NC, USA
Published: December 2023

Here we report on a patient that consumed recreational drugs, successfully passing a urine drug screen (UDS) by consuming a marketed detoxification product. After some exploration of the product consumed, there proved to be a viable mechanism by which the UDS outcome can be manipulated. The UDS relies on urine meeting specific concentration criteria to validate the sample. Dilute samples may mask the tested drugs as they fall below a concentration threshold for detection. Common UDS require a specific gravity with a reference range of 1.003-1.035 and a urine creatinine concentration above 20 mg/dL. Participants are told not to drink fluid for 4-5-hours pre-test to allow urine to concentrate above these thresholds. The 21-year-old female we describe along with each UDS had lab drawings on two separate occasions in which both measurements revealed elevated serum creatinines of 1.8 mg/dL. She had ingested QCarbo Maximum Strength Same-Day Cleansing Formula™, a marketed detoxification product, the day prior to the lab draws. The product recommended that the consumer ingest a large volume of water to “flush” the drugs from the body. This resulted in dilution of her urine to cause the drug levels to fall below the detectable range, while still exceeding the urine creatinine concentration to provide a valid test. Although she was unaware that this product increased both serum and urine creatinine, this proved successful. She passed the test and was awarded the position.
Working Memory Failures and Comprehension Monitoring Impairments in Primary Readers
Authors:   Department of Social Science Education, Catholic University of Ghana (CUG), P. O. Box 363, Sunyani, Ghana, Ntim Stephen K.
Published: December 2023

Background This paper investigates the relationship between working memory (WM) failures and comprehension impairments in text comprehension among L2 primary readers in primary four through primary six in selected schools in Ghana. Method Five measures—decoding, vocabulary, working memory, comprehension monitoring, and reading comprehension—were used to test three research questions on the L2 primary reader’s ability to notice inconsistencies in paragraphs, stronger academic language, re-reading times for mismatched words in sentences, and self-reporting and comprehension. Results Major findings were that the primary readers’ ability to notice inconsistencies between paragraphs showed a significant average change between primary 4 and 5 in non-linear terms, with a correlation of r=-0.51 and a significant inverse correlation between the inability to see inconsistencies and the ability to recognize them. Vocabulary had a stronger positive relationship with comprehension monitoring (β=0.07, p<0.001) for primary five and six and primary four and five (β=0.04, p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion Decoding, vocabulary, and WM were found to be predominant factors for reading (β=0.46, p<0.00010), (β=0.37, p<0.0001), and (β=0.45, p<0.0001), while vocabulary and WM combination accounted for 25% of the additional reading variance in primary six, suggesting the significance of WM on self-reporting as a comprehension measure. The recommended classroom practice was for teachers to be mindful of working memory capacities, imposing mental demands on struggling L2 pupils.
The Misinfodemic and Its Effects on COVID-19 Preventive Strategies in Socially Vulnerable Populations
Authors:   Nuvance Health, Hospitals and Health Care Danbury, CT 13022, USA, Ashley Robin , Rizzolo Denise ,   Physician Assistant Education Association, Washington, DC, USA
Published: December 2023

Throughout the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been disparate misinformation on those already experiencing health and social inequities. Misinformation from online communities, friends/family interpretation bias, and inconsistent information from content experts exacerbate an already weakened trust in the medical system among socially vulnerable populations. When trust in scientific evidence is low, susceptibility to misinformation is high. Although trust is an essential factor in susceptibility to misinformation, it cannot be the only lens through which the impact of misinformation on socially vulnerable populations is examined. Patients need scientifically valid information in the face of a flood of misinformation and conspiracy theories. This can be provided through public health campaigns, community workers, and all healthcare providers. Vigilance needs to be maintained to dispute any unwarranted information to keep the population healthy
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Foreign Body in the Rumen and Reticulum of Small Ruminants Slaughtered at Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors:   Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Somalia (UNISO), Mogadishu, Somalia, Yusuf-Isleged Mohamed A. , Hassan Yasin H. Sh ,   Department of Clinics, Teriogenology and Surgery, University of Somalia (UNISO), Mogadishu, Somalia, Mohamed Moktar O. S. ,   Department of Clinics, Teriogenology and Surgery, University of Somalia (UNISO), Mogadishu, Somalia, Salah Omar M. ,   Department of Clinics, Teriogenology and Surgery, University of Somalia (UNISO), Mogadishu, Somalia, Abdulle Sayidali M. ,   University of Somalia (UNISO), Mogadishu, Somalia, Mohamed Bashir O. ,   University of Somalia (UNISO), Mogadishu, Somalia
Published: December 2023

Background The majority of the sheep and goats that live in Somalia are among the continent’s largest animal populations. A significant portion of the Somali population relies on them as a means of sustenance and financial support. A small ruminant after eating foreign materials can have ruminal impaction, a condition in which indigestible foreign bodies accumulate in the rumen of ruminants, leading to ruminal impaction indigestion, recurrent tympany, and many other adverse health effects. Study A cross-sectional method was used to conduct this study. In the data gathering procedure, researchers did a sieve on random selection for the study in order to record the data. The data gathered were specifically tailored to the animal’s sex, age, species, body score, and origin. Foreign bodies were examined in the rumen and reticulum during the post-mortem examination of small ruminants at Kawaanbari slaughterhouse. Objectives The main objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of foreign bodies in the rumen and reticulum of small ruminants and identify associated risk factors in Kawaanbari Slaughterhouse, Mogadishu, Somalia. Results The study’s results showed that of the 384 small ruminants examined for foreign bodies, 154 (40.1%) were found to have foreign bodies in their rumen or reticulum. Seventeen (4.4%) had foreign bodies located in the reticulum, while 137 (35.7%) animals were found to have foreign bodies present in the rumen of the 104 sheep examined; 52 (13.5%) had foreign bodies; and of the 280 goats examined, 102 (26.6%) tested positive for foreign bodies. It was found that the body condition score had a statistically significant association (p<0.05) with the presence of foreign bodies. Conclusion In conclusion, the current study found that approximately 40.1% of various types of undigested objects were present in the rumen and reticulum of sheep and goats from different areas in the Benadir and Shabelle regions, which were destined for slaughter at the Kawaanbari Abattoir on the outskirts of Mogadishu. The majority of these foreign bodies were found in animals that were in poor physical condition. Recommendation The study recommends that pastoralists and farmers ensure a consistent availability of feed for ruminants throughout all seasons as a preventive measure against the ingestion of indigestible foreign bodies.
INVESTIGASI MODIFIKASI LUBANG PENGISIAN GAS HELIUM PADA DESAIN END PLUG BATANG UJI BAHAN BAKAR NUKLIR MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Authors: Ghufron Hanif , Bahar Shofwan , Rianto Sugeng , Vankabo Praditya , Rahmadi Gagad , Hutapea Odi Buana , Triarjo Triarjo , Setiawan Iwan
Published: December 2023

Telah dilakukan investigasi terhadap desain modifikasi lubang pengisian gas helium pada end plug batang uji PRTF dengan metode simulasi CFD. Simulasi dilakukan untuk memprediksi apakah gas helium dapat mengalir dengan baik ke dalam kelongsong melalui desain modifikasi. Dari simulasi ini diharapkan dapat diperoleh data mengenai pengaruh perubahan bentuk dan dimensi dari lubang pengisian gas helium. Data tersebut selanjutnya akan digunakan sebagai panduan untuk menentukan desain modifikasi bisa berfungsi lebih baik sehingga dapat menggantikan desain original. Data masukan yang diperlukan untuk simulasi CFD adalah geometri dari model, jenis material yang digunakan, dan parameter kondisi tekanan dan waktu untuk persiapan proses pengelasan. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses simulasi CFD dengan mensimulasikan pengkondisian bahan sebelum proses las orbital TIG. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa desain modifikasi mampu mengalirkan gas helium ke dalam kelongsong dua kali lebih cepat dibanding dengan desain original. Selain itu hasil simulasi juga menunjukkan bahwa stabilitas desain modifikasi sama dengan desain original dalam mempertahankan tekanan gas helium pada tekanan 1,5 bar.Kata kunci: CFD, simulasi, PRTF, bahan bakar nuklir.
ANALISIS KRITIKALITAS PROSES HYDRIDING SERTA PENYIMPANAN PADUAN UMo DAN UZr SEBAGAI KANDIDAT BAHAN BAKAR REAKTOR RISET MENGGUNAKAN OPENMC
Authors: Octadamailah Saga , Isnaini Anissa , Sigit Rohmad
Published: December 2023

Penelitian bahan bakar reaktor riset saat ini mengarah pada peningkatan densitas uranium untuk menghasilkan fluks neutron yang lebih tinggi dalam rangka peningkatan produksi radioisotop serta  efisiensi dan akurasi pada berbagai pengujian material. Pengembangan bahan bakar nuklir di Indonesia saat ini dalam rangka peningkatan densitas uranium salah satunya adalah pengembangan UMo dan UZr. Salah satu proses pembuatan serbuk UMo dan UZr adalah melalui proses hydriding-dehydriding yang melibatkan uranium diperkaya, serta gas hidrogen bertekanan tinggi. Kombinasi tersebut menghadirkan potensi kecelakaan kritikalitas yang harus diperhitungkan sebelumnya. Perhitungan kritikalitas dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak OpenMC, yaitu sebuah simulasi fisika nuklir yang menggunakan metode Monte Carlo. Dalam simulasi ini digunakan dua jenis paduan, yaitu U7Mo dan U6Zr. Simulasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan 10.000 partikel dan 44 batch sebagai pengaturan parameter. Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh nilai keff untuk paduan U7Mo adalah sebesar 0,0297, sedangkan untuk U6Zr adalah sebesar 0,0314. Kedua nilai tersebut jauh di bawah nilai kritis yang mengindikasikan bahwa potensi kecelakaan kritikalitas sangat rendah. Pada simulasi penyimpanan hasil proses hidriding, terdapat potensi terjadi kecelakaan kritikalitas jika botol penyimpanan diletakkan dalam posisi berdekatan tanpa diberi jarak. Untuk mengatasi risiko tersebut, setiap botol harus diberi jarak aman dan perlu adanya batasan massa uranium per satuan volume yang diijinkan.Kata kunci: U7Mo, U6Zr, kritikalitas, hydriding, monte carlo, openMC.
SAFETY INTEGRITY LEVEL ASSESSMENT AT URANIUM EVAPORATOR AND DEPOSITION VESSEL IN NON NUCLEAR REACTOR INSTALLATIONS
Authors: Oktavianto Putra , Kundari Anis Noor , Saputra Ade , Abdurrosyid Imam , Sholikhah Munisatun , Saputra Andri
Published: December 2023

The operation of non-reactor nuclear installations that use nuclear material in the process must be ensured safely during the process. One of the assessments of the safety level of the protection system that has been owned by the installation is using the Safety Integrity Level (SIL) which assesses the safety level of the protection system based on the value of the risk reduction factor that the protection system can achieve. The uranium evaporator and deposition vessel at the Experimental Fuel Element Installation (EFEI) is one of the installations that uses nuclear material in the process so it is necessary to assess the SIL of these 2 vessels. The piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) is used to determine the SIL value and Safety Instrumented System (SIS) component are installed in evaporator and deposition vessel. Maintenance data and OREDA (Offshore Reliability Data) are used to determine the failure rate. After knowing and determining the installed SIS components, then determining the architecture vote of the Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) based on the P&ID diagram, so that it can be known that the installed SIS uses vote 1oo1, 1oo2, 1oo3, or the appropriate vote. The installed SIF architecture vote will determine the equation used to calculate the Probability Failure on Demand (PFD). The total PFD obtained is adjusted to the SIL table to find out what SIL level the installed protection system is at. The value of the safety level of the protection system with SIL assessment in the evaporator vessel obtained 2 protection systems with SIL values of level 2 all and in the deposition vessel obtained 2 protection systems with SIL values of level 1 and level 2. The SIL value in the evaporator and deposition vessel analyzed has not reached level 3 or 4, so it is necessary to add SIF to the SIS protection system to increase the SIL value until the SIL value is obtained between level 3 or 4 because safety in the operation of non-reactor nuclear installations is absolute.Keywords: Non-Reactor Nuclear Installations, PFD, SIF, SIL, SIS
Produção de um game como mobilizadora da formação inicial de professores
Authors: De Lima Marcio Roberto
Published: December 2023

Este artigo tematiza o objeto jogo digital imbricado à formação inicial de professores e tem como objetivo discutir mobilizações produzidas durante um estágio curricular ao ser colocado em curso a produção de um jogo digital (game) educativo. Amparada no aporte teórico-metodológico da Teoria Ator-Rede, a pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo e seu campo empírico permitiu mapear uma realidade pedagógica a partir de seus aspectos sociomateriais. A produção de dados empíricos se deu a partir de observações de campo e da elaboração de relatórios pelos professores em formação, que foram migrados para o programa ATLAS.ti e tratados a partir de uma codificação focada. Esses procedimentos permitiram identificar actantes que formaram a rede sociomaterial investigada, rastrear as (mobiliz)ações empreendidas e sistematizar elementos que compuseram a realidade produzida pela rede. A pesquisa reforça a impossibilidade de dissociar aspectos materiais dos sociais em processos socioformativos – os quais são sempre marcados por transitoriedade, fluidez, incertezas e mutações – e evidencia que a produção de um game na formação inicial de professores é provocadora de mobilizações que afetam o campo de ação dos futuros docentes e incitam a formação de significados pedagógicos.
Aprendizaje presencial y a distancia en la Universidad Iberoamericana Torreón
Authors: Martínez José , Flores Daniela , Sabag Cecilia
Published: December 2023

Como resultado de la pandemia por SARS-CoV2, fue aún más necesaria la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías para la impartición de clases en modalidad presencial y a distancia. La tecnología representa una manera de ofrecer educación de vanguardia respondiendo a necesidades del contexto actual. El presente trabajo analiza la adquisición de aprendizajes por parte de estudiantes de diferentes licenciaturas de la Universidad Iberoamericana Torreón, México en relación con la educación presencial y a distancia después de la crisis sanitaria. La investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo con alcance correlacional. El muestreo se planteó probabilístico por conglomerados y estuvo conformado por estudiantes de quinto semestre en delante de 15 licenciaturas de la universidad. Los resultados estadísticos muestran que después de la pandemia, en la modalidad presencial el estudiantado percibe una mejor planeación por parte de los docentes, lo que tiene como consecuencia un mejor aprovechamiento del tiempo y la posibilidad de realizar actividades diversas para fortalecer la comprensión de las temáticas; utilizando como apoyo herramientas digitales y técnicas de trabajo grupal. Por el contrario, las clases a distancia son descritas como poco útiles e interesantes y con una carga académica excesiva. Aunque la experiencia de aprendizaje presencial sigue siendo mejor ponderada, se considera importante implementar estrategias que incrementen la calidad académica en las clases a distancia, utilizando como apoyo las nuevas tecnologías y un diseño instruccional, así como programas de capacitación a docentes y alumnos.
Feng Menglong’s “a Complete Book of Wisdom” as a Source for the Study of Chinese Stratagem Thinking
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation, Zavyalova Tatiana ,   Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation
Published: December 2023

Studies of Chinese stratagem thinking in Russia still do not take into account works created in line with the Confucian philosophical tradition. “A Complete Book of Wisdom” by Feng Menglong (1574–1646) can be regarded as a collection of stratagems. The grounds for this assessment may be found in traditional bibliographic descriptions and the modern research and publishing tradition. The fi rst edition was published in 1626, the supplemented edition – in 1634. Formally, “A Complete Book of Wisdom” can be referred to encyclopediasleishu. The text is not a continuous narrative, but consists of individual short stories; the number depends on the edition, from 1061 to 1236. Each story describes a precedent for the application of a stratagem. The period of the narration covers years from ancient times to the Ming Dynasty. Feng Menglong selected proper stories, edited them, and added his own comments. Typologically, similar stories are organized into separate sections (28 in total), which, in turn, are organized into chapters (10 in total). One chapter contains from two to four sections. “A Complete Book of Wisdom” retains the features of the “A New Account of Tales of the World” by Liu Yiqing (403–444), which are characterized by a value classifi cation of people’s deeds. All the stories are arranged according to the principle of “from the best to the worst”. Feng Menglong wrote a large preface to the entire work, and provided extended prefaces to each chapter. Each section is preceded by a brief explanation. Feng Manlong’s own ideological views can be discovered as the paratextual elements: prefaces and commentaries. The article consists of two parts. The fi rst part is devoted to the description of the peculiarities of the narrative language of “A Complete Book of Wisdom”, as well as the analysis of the socio-philosophical issues that stimulated the creation of this work. On the basis of quotation from classics in Feng Menglong’s works two types of author’s meaning formation are revealed. The author of the paper shows transformation of ethical models of Sung neo-Confucianism and the changing status of the category ‘wisdom’ in Feng Menglong’s ideological program. The second part of the article offers the author’s commented translation of Feng Menglong’s general preface to “A Complete Book of Wisdom” and ten prefaces to each chapter.