bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reveal the capacity loss of lithium metal batteries through analytical techniques
Authors: Ma Cong , Yue Ke , Xie Yu , Liu Yujing , Tao Xinyong , Lu Jun
Published: August 2024

High energy density and stable long cycle are the basic requirements for an ideal battery. At present, lithium (Li) metal anode is regarded as one of the most promising anode materials, but it still faces major problems in terms of capacity fading and safe and stable long‐term cycle. The reason for the continuous fading of Li anode capacity is mainly due to the loss of active Li source, and the loss of Li source is mainly due to the continuous generation of dead Li. At the same time, the unstable interface and dendrite growth of Li anodes during the Li plating/delithiation process eventually lead to battery safety issues. In fact, recent studies have shown that the disordered expansion of dendrites is the main reason for the infinite generation of dead Li. Therefore, here we take different detection techniques as clues, review the exploration process of qualitative and quantitative research on the source and mechanism of Li capacity loss, and summarize the strategies to reduce dead Li generation and capacity fading by inhibiting dendrite formation. In particular, we give suggestions on the development of advanced testing methods on how to further study the problem of dead Li, and also give relevant strategy suggestions on how to completely solve the problem of capacity loss in the future, with the main goal of suppressing dendrites.
Identifying suitable boreholes for irrigation in the bedrock regions of the Sahel
Authors: Keïta Amadou , Faye Moussa Diagne , Hayde László G. , Damba Djim Doumbe , Yacouba Hamma
Published: August 2024

This study addresses the critical challenge of optimizing borehole drilling techniques and predictive models to improve groundwater utilization for irrigation in Burkina Faso. Initially, the analysis involved drilling 22 boreholes as part of a photovoltaic micro‐sprinkler irrigation project (PRECIS), with only 11 deemed suitable for irrigation, highlighting the difficulty in achieving the required flow rate of 5 m3/h. To enhance the robustness of the study, additional data from 205 high‐yield boreholes provided by the Office National de l'Eau et de l'Assainissement (ONEA) were incorporated. These boreholes, primarily intended for potable water supply, had flow rates often exceeding 5 m3/h. This extensive dataset was crucial in identifying significant predictors of the project flow rate (Qproj), including the flow rate at the end of drilling (QEndBorh) and lithological factors. The predictive model combining QEndBorh and lithological data explained 73.7% of the variance in Qproj, with an adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj) of 72.4%. The CART (classification and regression tree) regression model effectively identified branches with flow rates suitable for irrigation, such as Terminal Node 3 with a predicted Qproj of 6.67 m3/h and Terminal Node 4 with a predicted Qproj of 10.5 m3/h, demonstrating the model's robustness. These findings underscore the necessity of detailed lithological assessments and advanced predictive modelling to ensure efficient and reliable borehole drilling for irrigation purposes in regions with complex geological conditions.
Dual‐Modal Optical Imaging of Tissue Perfusion in Response to Cooling Stimulation Facilitates Early Detection of Pressure Ulcer
Authors: Zhang Qingdong , Liu Peng , Shao Pengfei , Sun Mingzhai , Yao Peng , Shen Shuwei , Zhang Yang , Wu Ming , Xu Ronald X.
Published: August 2024

Pressure ulcers present a significant human and economic challenge, lacking a reliable method for early detection. To address this, we developed a system capable of early detection by using cooling stimulation and dynamic data acquisition techniques to monitor blood perfusion and skin temperature. The system consists of laser speckle perfusion imaging and thermal imaging. And we performed simulations to demonstrate that the system is capable of detect tissue damage across multiple layers, from superficial to deep. Testing on a rabbit ear model demonstrated that this approach, which combines dynamic perfusion and temperature parameters, effectively distinguishes early pressure ulcer areas from normal skin with a significant p value of 0.0015. This distinction was more precise compared to methods relying solely on static parameters or one parameter. Our study thereby offers a promising advancement in the proactive management and prevention of pressure ulcers.
Optimized infrared spectrum of (H2O)m:(HCN)n mixtures
Authors: Freitas D. P. , Pansini F. N. N. , Varandas A. J. C.
Published: August 2024

Using density functional theory at D3‐B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVDZ level combined with the conductor‐like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) solvent model, a study of the IR spectrum of :HCN mixtures is reported. The CPCM solvent effect notably enhances the accuracy of the IR spectra compared to gas‐phase calculations, while the dielectric constant value has minimum impact on the final spectrum. An optimized methodology is suggested that effectively minimizes the root mean square deviation between theoretical and experimental data. This novel approach not only enhances the quality of the final IR spectra but also captures relevant spectral features, highlighting its potential to decipher molecular interactions in such intricate mixtures.
Real‐World Evidence Application in Translational Medicine: Making Use of Prescription Claims to Inform Drug–Drug Interactions of a New Psoriasis Treatment
Authors: Choong Casey Kar‐Chan , Rehmel Jessica , Datta‐Mannan Amita
Published: August 2024

Patients with psoriasis often take multiple medications due to comorbidities, raising concerns about drug–drug interactions (DDIs) during the development of new medicines. DDI risk assessments of a new small molecule showed risks of CYP3A4 autoinduction and being a sensitive CYP3A4 substrate. We conducted a real‐world evidence (RWE) claims analysis to assess the frequency of prescription claims for up to 12 months from the date of the initial psoriasis diagnosis for drugs that may interact with CYP3A4 substrates. We used 2013 to 2018 patient data from the US Merative MarketScan Research Database. Among patients diagnosed with psoriasis, less than 1% had a claim for a moderate/strong inducer, but up to 15% had a claim for moderate/strong inhibitor. Most prescriptions for CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers included antibiotics and anticonvulsants. While CYP3A4 inducers were rarely used, those treated received more than >90 days treatment. Then, these RWE data were used to inform the early translational medicine strategy for the new investigational drug by strategically integrating DDI evaluations into a first‐in‐human healthy volunteer trial prior to studies in patients with psoriasis. The resulting DDI substudy showed that the investigational small molecule did not induce midazolam clearance but was sensitive to CYP3A inhibition, leading to the decision to exclude concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors from clinical trials.
Steep medial posterior tibial slope angle and ramp lesion are independent risk factors for an increase in quantitatively measured pivot shift in patients with ACL‐deficient knees
Authors: Yoshida Ryu , Koga Hideyuki , Nakamura Tomomasa , Nakagawa Yusuke , Katakura Mai , Amemiya Masaki , Hoshino Takashi , Yoshihara Aritoshi , Hasegawa Shoichi , Tokumoto Yasumasa , Sekiya Ichiro , Ozeki Nobutake
Published: August 2024

Background

Delayed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction often causes residual anterolateral rotatory instability (ALRI) and consequent knee osteoarthritis, warranting the recommendation of early ACL reconstruction within 6 months after injury. Nonetheless, some cases show notable instability, even shortly after injury. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for an increase in quantitatively measured pivot shift in patients with ACL‐deficient knees within 6 months after injury.

Methods

Patients with primary ACL reconstruction within 6 months after injury and quantitative triaxial accelerometer measurements of preoperative pivot shift were included. Descriptive statistics were calculated for 11 independent variables (age, gender, time from injury to surgery, KT‐1000, knee extension angle, lateral and medial posterior tibial slope angle, medial and lateral meniscus tears, ramp lesion and Tegner active scale). A single regression analysis was performed on the 11 items and acceleration during the pivot shift, and a multiple regression analysis was performed for items with p value less than 0.1.

Results

Overall, 111 patients met the inclusion criteria. Single regression analysis showed that medial posterior tibial slope angle, medial meniscus tear and ramp lesion were significantly correlated with acceleration during the pivot shift (p < 0.001, p = 0.04 and p = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis identified medial posterior tibial slope angles and ramp lesions as independent factors for increased preoperative pivot shift (p = 0.005 and 0.01).

Conclusion

A steep medial posterior tibial slope angle and ramp lesion were independent risk factors for increased quantitatively measured pivot shift in patients with ACL‐deficient knees.

Level of Evidence

Level IV, case series study.
Synthesis of Novel 6H‐Furo[3,2‐e]Indole Derivatives via One‐Pot Three Component Reactions
Authors: Wan Dan‐Dan , Wu Shuang‐Ling , Liu Jia‐Yan , Chen Dong‐Sheng
Published: August 2024

A one‐pot, three‐component reaction of ethyl 5‐aminobenzofuran‐2‐carboxylate, arylglyoxals and cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of acetic acid as an organocatalyst in ethanol medium under reflux conditions provided a series of new 6H‐furo[3,2‐e]indole derivatives in good yields.
Synthesis of Oxaazaisowurtzitane Derivatives Via Condensation of p‐Toluenesulfonamide With Glyoxal
Authors: Paromov Artyom E. , Kubasova Valentina А. , Sysolyatin Sergey V.
Published: August 2024

This work presents the study results on the acid‐catalyzed cascade condensation of p‐toluenesulfonamide with glyoxal in H2SO4 in order to synthesize aza‐ and oxaazaisowurtzitanes—a platform for promising high‐energy‐density compounds—and explore their formation processes. The effects of the ratio of starting reactants, acidity, reaction medium concentration, and temperature on this process were studied in detail. Five novel compounds were derived, including four oxaazaisowurtzitanes comprising one to three aza groups, and one condensation intermediate. The most favorable conditions for the formation of the resultant caged compounds were established and some new regularities of the process were revealed. For instance, the reaction medium concentration was discovered for the first time to influence the generation process of oxaazaisowurtzitanes via direct condensation. The limiting stage of the cage formation process of oxaazaisowurtzitanes was identified. The formation rate of the oxaazaisowurtzitanes was shown to be dependent on their structure. The factor dramatically reducing the yield of the oxaazaisowurtzitanes at elevated synthesis temperature was also revealed.
Contextualizing Doctoral Education for Leadership Education and Development within Institutions and Degree Types
Authors: McElravy L. J.
Published: August 2024

The need for a more specialized and professional workforce is growing, and doctoral programs within the United States are addressing the need with record‐breaking increases in conferred doctoral degrees. As leadership education and development is a critical component of doctoral education, the current paper explores the context of doctoral education by examining classification systems for doctoral degrees and doctoral institutions. Recommendations for integrating leadership programming based on these classifications are presented.
Exploring Liminal and Dominant Spaces in Interdisciplinary Programs: Fostering Communitas through Relationship‐Focused Practices and Collective Leadership
Authors: Wefald Andrew J. , Ramírez Jessica M.
Published: August 2024

The current article examines interdisciplinary programs in higher education through the lenses of collective leadership, liminal spaces, and communitas. Interdisciplinary programs often exist in transitional, in‐between spaces within academic institutions, challenging traditional hierarchical and disciplinary structures. The current article explores how these liminal spaces can be leveraged to foster collective leadership and a sense of communitas, shared community, and identity among program members. Using Kansas State University as a case study, the article highlights the importance of sociomateriality in constructing leadership and practices such as coaching, mentoring, and advising that can support communitas and collective leadership in interdisciplinary contexts. The article suggests that relationship‐focused practices are key to navigating and transforming hierarchical pressures in academic environments, ultimately advocating for a more inclusive and collaborative approach to leadership in higher education.
Distribution of anti‐factor Xa activity in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation receiving 15 mg dose of edoxaban
Authors: Hiramatsu Shotaro , Osanai Hiroyuki , Sakai Yuichiro , Sogo Yoshiki , Tanaka Yuki , Matsumoto Hikari , Miyamoto Shun , Tagahara Kensuke , Arai Kenji , Watanabe Takashi , Sakamoto Yusuke , Sakaguchi Teruhiro , Oguchi Shioh , Kanbara Takahiro , Nakashima Yoshihito , Asano Hiroshi , Ajioka Masayoshi
Published: August 2024

Background

The distribution of anti‐factor Xa activity (AXA) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) taking edoxaban 15 mg has not been fully elucidated.

Methods and Results

The trough and peak AXA were measured in 19 NVAF patients taking edoxaban 15 mg. We compared these results with those in patients taking edoxaban 30 mg. The peak AXA differed significantly between the 15 mg and the 30 mg groups (0.74 ± 0.40 IU/mL vs. 1.25 ± 0.48 IU/mL, respectively; p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Peak but trough AXA in the patients receiving edoxaban 15 mg were significantly lower than those in patients receiving edoxaban 30 mg.
Nondestructive acoustic modal analysis for assessing bone screw stability: An ex vivo animal study
Authors: Einafshar Mohammadjavad (Matin) , Najafidoust Mohammad , Bastami Farshid , Massaad Elie , Hashemi Ata , Kiapour Ali
Published: August 2024

Conventional insertion torque and pull‐out tests are destructive and unsuitable for clinical bone screw fixation. This study evaluates screw stability using acoustic modal analysis (AMA) and Periotest compared to traditional methods in an ex vivo animal model. Titanium self‐tapping screws (STS) and nonself‐tapping screws (N‐STS) were implanted in the proximal tibia of 12 rabbits. Four testing methods were used to assess screw stability: peak insertion torque (PIT) during implantation, AMA for natural frequency (NF), Periotest for Periotest value (PTV), and pull‐out test for peak pullout force (PPF). Euthanization was performed at 0 (primary stability), 4, and 8 weeks (secondary stability). No significant difference in primary stability was found between STS and N‐STS except for AMA (STS: NF 2434 ± 67 Hz, N‐STS: NF 2572 ± 43 Hz; p = 0.62). Secondary stability increased significantly over time for both screw types (4‐week: NF 3687 ± 36 vs. 3408 ± 45 Hz, PTV 1.4 ± 1.6 vs. −1.5 ± 1.8, PPF 236 ± 29 vs. 220 ± 34 N; 8‐week: NF 3890 ± 39 vs. 3613 ± 31 Hz, PTV −3.2 ± 2.5 vs. −2 ± 4.3, PPF 248 ± 25 vs. 289 ± 28 N). Higher NF values for given PTV/PPF indicate potential clinical advantages. Significant differences between primary and secondary stabilities suggest osteointegration was mainly achieved in the 4‐week group.
Fabrication and Characterization of Carrageenan‐Biopolymer Composite Microneedles for Interstitial Fluid Collection
Authors: Chauhan Shreya Shashank , Venuganti Venkata Vamsi Krishna
Published: August 2024

Identification of suitable polymeric materials to fabricate microneedles (MNs) for the collection of interstitial fluid (ISF) is a challenge. Here, characterization of different carrageenan‐biopolymer composites for MN patch fabrication intended for ISF collection is reported. Systematic oscillatory rheological studies of composites containing iota‐carrageenan mixed with alginate, gelatin, or pectin are performed to determine the linear viscoelastic region, gel point, tan delta, complex viscosity, and flow transition index. A polynomial equation is derived by relating flow transition index of biopolymer composites and compression strength of fabricated MNs. The biopolymer composite of iota‐carrageenan and gelatin at 2% and 14%, respectively, and CaCl2 crosslinker (80 mm) shows the greatest compression strength sufficient for MNs insertion into the excised porcine skin. MNs swell up on application in an agarose gel model and the ex vivo excised porcine skin model to collect 36 ± 5 and 14 ± 1 µL of fluid within 10 min, respectively. Taken together, it is demonstrated that rheological analysis can be performed to select suitable polymer composites that possess sufficient strength for the skin insertion and swellability for ISF collection.
Polymer Composite Electrolytes Membrane Consisted of Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers Containing Lithium Salts: Improved Ion Conductive Characteristics and All‐Solid‐State Battery Performance
Authors: Matsuda Yu , Nakazawa Shun , Tanaka Manabu , Kawakami Hiroyoshi
Published: August 2024

Polymer electrolyte membranes with superior lithium‐ion (Li+) conductivity and sufficient electrochemical stability are desired for all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASS‐LIBs). This paper reports novel polymer composite membranes consisting of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers (Nfs) containing lithium salts. It is first revealed that the lithium salt addition increases polar surface groups on the PAN nanofibers. Subsequently, the lithium salts‐containing PAN nanofiber (PAN/Li Nf) composite membrane affects the matrix poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/lithium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonylimide) (LiTFSI) electrolyte to increase the numbers of Li+ with high mobility. Consequently, the PAN/Li Nf composite membrane shows relatively good ion conductivity (σ = 9.0 × 10−5 S cm−1) and a considerably large Li+ transference number (tLi+ = 0.41) at 60 °C, compared to the PEO/LiTFSI membrane without nanofibers. The 6Li solid‐state NMR study supports that the PAN/Li Nf bearing abundant polar nitrile groups at their surface enhances Li+ diffusion in the PEO‐based electrolyte membranes. The galvanostatic constant current cycling tests reveal that the PAN/Li Nf composite membrane possesses good electrochemical and mechanical stabilities. The ASS‐LIB consisting of the PAN/Li Nf composite membrane shows significantly improved charge and discharge cycling performances, promising future all‐solid‐state batteries.
Fabrication of Cross‐Linked Polyimide Hollow Microspheres With Lightweight, Thermal Resistance and Controllable Size
Authors: Fu Yuntao , Meng Haichao , Wang Fenglin , Zou Huawei , Luo Yinfu , Liang Mei , Xie Peng
Published: August 2024

Polyimide (PI) hollow microspheres possess lightweight and excellent thermal resistance, which are widely used in microreactors, catalysis, adsorption separation, high‐temperature insulation, and so on. In this manuscript, PI hollow microspheres are fabricated by constructing a crosslinked structure combined with gradient heating. The formation of PI hollow microspheres includes gas nucleation, expansion, and imidization. The PI hollow microspheres size is controlled by adjusting polyester ammonium salts size, and microspheres size is distributed in 309–956 µm. PI hollow microspheres have lightweight, excellent heat resistance and carbonization performance, bulk density, initial decomposition temperature, and weight residue at 800 °C is 87.3–178.6 kg m−3, 533.6 °C and 59.8%. The PI hollow microspheres have potential applications in high‐temperature resistant and multifunctional composite materials preparation. Moreover, this method is simple, efficient, and highly operable, which can be used for large‐scale production of PI hollow microspheres.
The oxide films formed under the low oxygen pressure in a particular system containing competing chromium and aluminium
Authors: Du G.W , Liu Y.H , Wu C.J , Liu Y. , Su X.P
Published: August 2024

In this paper, pre‐oxidation treatment was carried out at 950 °C under oxygen pressure of 10−16 atm for nickel‐10 % chromium‐x % aluminium‐1 % silicon‐0.5 % yttrium(x=0 wt.–%, 1 wt.–%, 3 wt.–%, 5 wt.–%) alloys. Morphology and structure of oxide layers on the alloys after pre‐oxidation were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and electron discharge spectroscopy. The results showed that a chromium oxide film was formed on the surface of the alloy without aluminium addition, while the oxide layer on the surface of the alloy with aluminium addition gradually transformed into M2O3 (M=aluminium and chromium) oxide film. The oxidation behavior was analyzed by means of chemical thermodynamics, and it was seen that because the interaction coefficient,εijof aluminium and chromium is a positive value, the increase of aluminium addition will strengthen the interaction and increase the diffusion coefficient,Diof aluminium and chromium. The diffusion of chromium and aluminium in each other therefore promotes their interaction, which is beneficial to the formation of the outer oxide film. Thus, with the increase of aluminium addition, the thickness of the outer oxide film gradually increased, and the aluminium content in M2O3 (M=aluminium and chromium) increased significantly, and with 5 % aluminium added, the aluminium oxide of the outer oxide film became the main body.
Skin Tau Quantification as a Novel Biomarker in Huntington's Disease
Authors: Ruiz‐Barrio Iñigo , Vázquez‐Oliver Anna , Puig‐Davi Arnau , Rivas‐Asensio Elisa , Perez‐Perez Jesus , Fernandez‐Vizuete Cristina , Horta‐Barba Andrea , Olmedo‐Saura Gonzalo , Salvat‐Rovira Nil , Sampedro Frederic , Vacchi Elena , Melli Giorgia , Pagonabarraga Javier , Kulisevsky Jaime , Martinez‐Horta Saul
Published: August 2024

Background

Emerging research implicates tau protein dysregulation in the pathophysiology of Huntington's disease.

Objective

This study investigated skin tau quantification as a potential biomarker for Huntington's disease and its correlation with disease burden outcomes.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we measured skin tau levels using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 23 Huntington's disease mutations carriers and eight control subjects, examining group discrimination, correlations with genetic markers, clinical assessments, and neuroimaging data. Brain atrophy was quantified by both volumetric measurements from brain segmentation and a voxel‐based morphometry approach.

Results

Our findings showed elevated skin tau levels in manifest Huntington's disease compared with premanifest and healthy controls. These levels correlated with CAG repeat length, CAG‐Age‐Product score, composite Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale Total Motor Score, cognitive assessments, and disease‐related cortical and subcortical volumes, all independent of age and gender. Using skin tau levels in cluster analysis along with genetic and clinical measures led to improved subject stratification, providing enhanced distinction and validity of clusters.

Conclusions

This study not only confirms the feasibility of skin tau quantification in Huntington's disease but also establishes its potential as a biomarker for enhancing group classification and assessing disease severity across the Huntington's disease spectrum, opening new directions in biomarker research. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Optimal control strategies for infectious diseases with consideration of behavioral dynamics
Authors: Forrest Omar , Al‐arydah Mo'tassem
Published: August 2024

We present a simple SVIR (susceptible, vaccinated, infected, recovered) model to analyze the spread of COVID‐19, incorporating the influence of the population's caution on the transmission rate, which is considered nonlinear in current number of infected. Demonstrating a positive bound solution confirms the model's biological relevance. Through a formula for the basic reproduction number, we explore the local asymptotic stability of the disease‐free equilibrium (DFE) and endemic equilibrium (EE), showing that the existence of the EE relies on the basic reproduction number. Furthermore, we establish the global stability of the DFE by constructing a Lyapunov function. We present an optimal control problem for vaccination, demonstrating the existence and uniqueness of the optimal strategy. Our simulations indicate that optimal vaccination is effective in reducing infections and costs. We also investigate the effect of integrating education into the model to underscore its importance in decreasing disease transmission rates and reducing the necessity for vaccine uptake.
Instability of binary mixtures subjected to constant shear drained stress path: Insight from macro and micro perspective
Authors: Yan Zhouyi , Liu Yang , Zhao Debin
Published: August 2024

Loose granular materials may also exhibit instability behaviors similar to liquefaction under drained conditions, commonly referred to as diffuse instability, which can be studied through constant shear drained (CSD) tests. So far, the research on CSD in binary mixtures is still insufficient. Therefore, a series of numerical tests using the discrete element method (DEM) were conducted on binary mixtures under CSD path. The possible model of instability is categorized into type I and type II, type I instability occurs prior to reaching the critical state line (CSL), whereas type II instability occurs after exceeding the CSL. The study analyzes the macroscopic instability behavior and the impact of fine content (FC) on macroscopic instability behavior. The numerical results show that as FC increases, the slope of the instability line (IL) increases initially and then falls in the p‐q plane. In the e‐p plane, the IL decreases initially and then ascends. The instability type of the binary mixtures is influenced not only by relative density but also by FC. The stability index increased first and then decreased with the increase of FC. The microscopic origin of binary mixtures instability is explored by investigating the fabric‐stress relationship. The collapse of the weak contact sub‐network triggers the specimen instability, while the strong contact sub‐network dictates the difficulty of achieving instability. FC influences the evolution of fabric anisotropy of the strong and weak contact networks, thereby controlling the macroscopic instability behavior of binary mixtures.
Cost‐effectiveness of a primary care‐based Healthy Weight Clinic compared with usual care
Authors: Sharifi Mona , Fiechtner Lauren G. , Barrett Jessica L. , O'Connor Giselle , Perkins Meghan , Reiner Jennifer , Luo Mandy , Taveras Elsie M. , Gortmaker Steven L.
Published: August 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to project the cost‐effectiveness of implementing the Healthy Weight Clinic (HWC), a primary care‐based intervention for 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children with overweight or obesity, at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) nationally.

Methods

We estimated intervention costs from a health care sector and societal perspective and used BMI change estimates from the HWC trial. Our microsimulation of national HWC implementation among all FQHCs from 2023 to 2032 estimated cost per child and per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained and projected impact on obesity prevalence by race and ethnicity. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses assessed uncertainty around estimates.

Results

National implementation is projected to reach 888,000 children over 10 years, with a mean intervention cost of $456 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: $409–$506) per child to the health care sector and $211 (95% UI: $175–$251) to families (e.g., time participating). Assuming effect maintenance, national implementation could result in 2070 (95% UI: 859–3220) QALYs gained and save $14.6 million (95% UI: $5.6–$23.5 million) in health care costs over 10 years, yielding a net cost of $278,000 (95% CI: $177,000–$679,000) per QALY gained. We project greater reductions in obesity prevalence among Hispanic/Latino and Black versus White populations.

Conclusions

The HWC is relatively low‐cost per child and projected to reduce obesity disparities if implemented nationally in FQHCs.
Synthesis and rheological analyzes of temperature and light sensitive gels comprising amphiphilic azobenzene polymers, chitosan and pluronic F127
Authors: Alemdar Mahinur , Kirmic Cosgun Seyma Nur , Ceylan Deniz , Batu Hatice Kubra , Aydogan Temel Binnur
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the reinforcement of pluronic (PF127) based temperature responsive hydrogels with photosensitive functionalities to create smart and injectable materials. For this purpose, 4‐[4‐[(4‐phenyl)azo]phenoxy] methacrylate (PAzPMA) was synthesized and further polymerized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The structures of the copolymers were characterized by several techniques such as Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The azobenzene‐functionalized copolymer was combined with P127 solid polymer in micelle form and with P127 micelles in solid form to obtain PF127‐AzoMx and PF127‐AzoPx gels, respectively. When the temperature profiles of the PF127‐AzoMx and PF127‐AzoPx systems were compared with PF127, sol–gel phase transition were shifted to lower temperatures due to stronger hydrophobic interactions. Additionally, different concentrations of N,N,N‐trimethyl chitosan (f‐chitosan) were added to the gel systems and their rheological properties were investigated by exposing them to UV light. It has been observed that the presence and concentration of f‐chitosan are important for the variation of the interactions' strength between the micelles. The study highlights the potential of multifunctional hydrogels for specific biomedical applications that combine sensitivity to both thermal and optical stimuli for controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes.
Let it glow: Intraoperative visualization of pulmonary metastases using pafolacianine, a next‐generation fluorescent agent, for young adults undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy
Authors: Lehane Alison , Polites Stephanie F. , Dodd Ashley , Goldstein Seth D. , Lautz Timothy B.
Published: August 2024

A new generation of disease‐specific molecular imaging agents is poised to revolutionize fluorescence‐guided surgery. Pafolacianine has been approved for adult lung and ovarian cancers. We demonstrate a proof of concept for pediatric surgeons treating young adults with pulmonary metastatic sarcomas. Five successful fluorescence‐guided pulmonary metastasectomy operations were performed in young adult patients with metastatic osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma following administration of pafolacianine. All osteosarcoma lesions identified using standard techniques were also markedly fluorescent in patients. Novel fluorescent molecular agents targeted to tumor‐specific receptors have promise of increased sensitivity and specificity for detecting metastatic nodules and enhancing surgical clearance of disease.
Application of low‐molecular‐weight polyethylene glycol‐modified silica in natural rubber composites
Authors: Li Biao , Xiao Yao , Huang Yinggang , Gong Zheng , Chen Yahui , Li Shaoming , Wang Chuansheng , Bian Huiguang
Published: August 2024

Silica serves as the primary filler in the fabrication of eco‐friendly tires, and achieving an optimal dispersion of polar silica within the natural rubber matrix is crucial for crafting high‐performance rubber composites. In this study, biodegradable surfactants polyethylene glycol (PEG) with molecular weights of 200, 400, and 800 were employed to modify silica. The modified silica was characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy; PEG‐modified silica with different molecular weights was compounded with Si69, a conventional silane coupling agent, in the formulation. This aimed to reduce Si69 dosage and mitigate the emission of volatile organic gases, such as ethanol, generated during the silanization reaction between Si69 and silica. Experimental findings revealed that compared with natural rubber composites containing six parts of Si69, the addition of PEG‐modified silica enhanced filler dispersion in the composite while reducing Si69 dosage by three parts. This led to accelerated vulcanization rates, effectively decreased energy consumption during production, and significantly improved wet slip resistance, while maintaining optimal rolling resistance. Rubber composites prepared with PEG800‐modified silica exhibited a 10% increase in elongation at break, a 12% increase in tensile product coefficient, and a 19% enhancement in wet slip resistance.

Highlights

Silica is modified by polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 200, 400, and 800.

The amount of silane coupling agent and VOC emissions are reduced.

The interfacial bonding between silica and rubber matrix is enhanced.

The tensile product coefficient and wet slip resistance are improved by 12% and 19%.
The dynamics and transport of ozone in the gas and liquid phase generated by air surface microdischarge plasma at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Liu Chen , Feng Chunlei , Wang Cuizhen , Chen Longwei , Ding Hongbin , Cui Xiaoqian
Published: August 2024

This contribution focuses on the spatial‐temporal behavior and reactive pathways of O3 produced by a surface air microdischarge in the gas and liquid phase using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. The findings demonstrate that mode transition from ozone to nitrogen oxide over time is observed at a constant input power higher than ~0.60 W/cm2. Due to the long‐lived characteristic and ionic wind, the perpendicular distribution of O3 is almost uniform. The maximum penetration depth is around 5 mm, and the gas–liquid mass transfer efficiency is approximately 0.4‱ at a depth of 1 mm, when the treatment time is 10 min. The mass transfer of O3 between gas and liquid phases is dominated by the liquid convention induced by ionic wind.
Microstructural and Magnetic Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Sm4ZrFe33 Alloys
Authors: Fersi Riadh , Dalia Apolo Palarizato
Published: August 2024

This work focuses on the study of the microstructure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline powders of Sm4ZrFe33, prepared by high‐energy ball milling. The Sm4ZrFe33 compound adopts a monoclinic structure (space group Cm). Upon annealing, these Sm4ZrFe33 samples exhibit notable variations in their extrinsic magnetic properties, closely linked to temperature fluctuations. The investigation delves into the correlation between morphology, grain size and magnetic characteristics. A significant enhancement in coercivity (Hc), remanent magnetization (Mr), and maximum energy product ((BH)max) is observed, primarily attributed to the finer grain structure present in the samples. Particularly noteworthy, among all annealed specimens, the nanocrystalline Sm4ZrFe33 compound annealed at a temperature of Ta = 973 K demonstrates the most promising magnetic properties. This specimen exhibits a coercivity Hc of 18 500 Oe, remanent magnetization (Mr) of 58 emu g−1, maximum energy product ((BH)max) of 5.18 MGOe, Curie temperature (TC) of ≈804 K, and magnetic anisotropy field (Ha) of 115 980 Oe. These research findings pave the way for future investigations and applications in the realm of permanent magnets, spintronic devices, and magnetic recording, utilizing nanocrystalline alloys based on the Sm4ZrFe33 compound.
Simulation and Validation of a Novel Colorimetric Three‐Layer Intelligent Indicators With Different Binders to Monitor Freshness of Atlantic Bonito (Sarda sarda) Under Two Different Atmospheres
Authors: Al Obaidi Amal , Haskaraca Guliz , Ayhan Zehra , Gultekin Emre
Published: August 2024

Real‐time monitoring of spoilage/freshness of perishable food products using intelligent indicators under commercial packaging conditions is of interest. Thus, this study is aimed at fabricating intelligent indicators to determine the possibility of using developed indicators to monitor fish freshness packaged under real packaging conditions. Bromothymol blue (BTB) dye and two different binders (methyl cellulose [MC] and cellulose acetate [CA]) were used to fabricate four different indicators, with the addition of NaOH for carbon dioxide (CO2) or HCl for total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) sensitive indicators. The colour of produced indicators was observed during 10‐day simulations using CO2 and trimethyl amine (TMA) at different concentrations (0%–30% for both) at 4°C. BTB‐MC‐NaOH changed from blue to green at 15% CO2, while BTB‐CA‐NaOH changed from green to yellow at 25% CO2. Both BTB‐MC‐HCl and BTB‐CA‐HCl indicators changed colour completely at 15% TMA (BTB‐MC‐HCl from yellow to navy and BTB‐CA‐HCl from yellow to green). Indicators were used to monitor the spoilage of Atlantic bonito for 10 days at 4°C under two different modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) conditions (30% CO2, 70% nitrogen (N2) and 100% N2). Headspace gas analysis, pH, TVB‐N, TMA, microbiology, sensory and colour analyses were conducted. For 30% CO2 70% N2, CO2‐sensitive indicators showed a colour change responding to CO2 used, while TVB‐N sensitive indicators showed no visible colour change since the TMA level in packages did not reach the spoilage threshold. Colour transition was also not clear in any of indicators under 100% N2‐packaging, since neither colour‐changing range of CO2 or TMA was reached.
A new multivariate gamma process model for degradation analysis
Authors: Song Kai
Published: August 2024

In reliability engineering, it is frequently encountered that multiple performance characteristics (PCs) deteriorate simultaneously. The associated degradation processes are usually dependent and exhibit some heterogeneity from unit to unit, which makes the multivariate degradation modeling and reliability evaluation more challenging. To this end, we propose a new multivariate gamma process model. This model introduces a multivariate random vector, whose joint distribution is constructed by marginal gamma distributions and a copula function, to describe the unit‐to‐unit variability and the dependence among PCs. Meanwhile, it does not require all PCs to be inspected at the same time points in contrast to the traditional copula‐based degradation models. In addition, two reliability evaluation methods are developed. Model parameters are estimated by the stochastic expectation maximization algorithm, and a three‐step procedure is provided to initialize this algorithm. Subsequently, numerical simulations are implemented to verify the proposed methods. Finally, two examples are provided for illustration, and it is shown that the proposed model and methods scale well to the degradation data with different numbers of PCs. What is more, comparisons with several benchmark models are performed, and the superiority of the proposed model is well demonstrated.
Sensitivity and reliability comparisons of EWMA mean control chart based on robust scale estimators under non‐normal process: COVID data application
Authors: Saeed Nadia , Bataineh Ala'a Mahmoud Falih , Abu‐Shawiesh Moustafa Omar Ahmed , Haddad Firas
Published: August 2024

Robust control charts are getting vital importance in statistical process control theory as they are insensitive to the departure from normality. Therefore, the main objective of current work is to determine the effects of non‐normal process on the Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart. To achieve this goal, the sensitivity and reliability comparisons are made under the non‐normal process by comparing five robust M‐scale estimators, suggested in literature to modify the EWMA control limits for monitoring process mean and on the basis of percentile bootstrap estimator. The paper addresses the run length (RL) distribution of a robust EWMA control chart under the non‐normal process for which the exponential distribution is used as non‐normal process. The standard deviation of RL, out‐of‐control average run length (ARL), and shift detection probabilities are examined to assess the sensitivity and reliability of robust EWMA control charts for mean of monitoring process. The results of this research indicate that the classical EWMA control chart's performance is substantially impacted by the non‐normal distribution and the proposed EWMA control charts show higher sensitivity than classical one in terms of having smaller values of out‐of‐control ARLs. A real‐life example from the medical sciences field is provided the practical usage of the proposed control charts. The simulation analysis and practical example have shown that the suggested control charts are effective in quickly monitoring the out‐of‐control process.
Robustness of higher‐order network pertinent to first‐ and higher‐order dependency
Authors: Ren Cuiping , Chen Bianbian , Xie Fengjie
Published: August 2024

Robustness of higher‐order network (HON) with dependency is different from first‐order network (FON), as the attack orders and the number of iterations are totally different. To measure the robustness of HON with dependency, this study proposed new attack strategies on node and edge failure through measuring the size of the giant component and global efficiency. And two real‐world systems of hazardous materials transportation accident causation system and Chinese high‐speed railway system with different network size were empirically studied. Results show that HON is more fragile to robustness attacks than FON. The number of attack iterations is uncertain in HON, which depends on the attack strategies and the network structure. Meanwhile, nodes and edges with high dependency have greater impacts on network robustness, providing valuable insights into capturing critical information. This study may be helpful to design the robust system, improve the system's reliability and serve as a valuable reference for future exploration of HONs robustness.
Conductive hydrogels‐based self‐sensing soft robot state perception and trajectory tracking
Authors: Ma Jie , Han Zhiji , Li Mingge , Liu Zhijie , He Wei , Ge Shuzhi Sam
Published: August 2024

Soft robots face significant challenges in proprioceptive sensing and precise control due to their highly deformable and compliant nature. This paper addresses these challenges by developing a conductive hydrogel sensor and integrating it into a soft robot for bending angle measurement and motion control. A quantitative mapping between the hydrogel resistance and the robot's bending gesture is formulated. Furthermore, a nonlinear differentiator is proposed to estimate the angular velocity for closed‐loop control, eliminating the reliance on conventional sensors. Meanwhile, a controller is designed to track both structural and nonstructural trajectories. The proposed approach integrates advanced soft sensing materials and intelligent control algorithms, significantly improving the proprioception and motion accuracy of soft robots. This work bridges the gap between novel material design and practical control applications, opening up new possibilities for soft robots to perform delicate tasks in various fields. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sensing and control approach in achieving precise and robust motion control of the soft robot.
Who gets redeployed? Inventor characteristics and resource redeployment decisions
Authors: Kim Kyungsoo , Guler Isin , Karim Samina
Published: August 2024

Research Summary

While the literature highlights the benefits of internally redeploying resources, there is less empirical guidance on which resources are most likely to be redeployed. We examine the relationship between inventor characteristics and redeployment decisions, motivated by the tension between costs and benefits of keeping a resource at the source unit versus moving it to a new target unit. We argue that inventors with inventive breadth are more likely to be redeployed, whereas broker inventors are less likely to be redeployed. Moreover, we consider two source‐unit characteristics that influence internal opportunity costs: resource slack and knowledge interdependence. We test our arguments on the redeployment of inventors following an exogenous profitability shift in the US petrochemical industry in 2012 and find support for our predictions.

Managerial Summary

Managers move resources between business units to respond to profitability shocks, but which specific resources do they move? Examining the inter‐unit transfers (redeployments) of inventors between business units following the unexpected profitability disparity between ethylene‐based business units and others in the US petrochemical industry, we find that generalist inventors are more likely to be redeployed, while brokers in the collaboration network (inventors who connect others) are less likely to be redeployed. In addition, conditions that alter opportunity costs at the source unit matter. Larger proportions of generalists (and brokers) facilitate redeployment of either type, and knowledge interdependencies in the source unit mitigate redeployment.
A Homogeneous Janus Membrane Based on Functionalized MOFs Crosslinked by Aramid Nanofibers for Quasi‐Solid‐State Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Gu Jiapei , Ma Changning , Dong Chenxu , Shen Chunli , Ji Juan , Zhou Cheng , Xu Xu , Mai Liqiang
Published: August 2024

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered as promising candidates in the next generation of high energy density devices. However, the serious shuttle effect, irreversible dendrite growth of Li metal anode, and the potential safety hazard impede the practical application of LSBs. Herein, a novel homogeneous Janus membrane based on functionalized MOFs crosslinked by aramid nanofibers is designed and synthesized to simultaneously solve the above challenges in quasi‐solid‐state LSBs. The aramid nanofibers with good mechanical properties and thermal stability act as a homogeneous scaffold to crosslink the MOF particles with different ligands on both sides and this Janus membrane upgrades the stability and safety on both the cathode and anode. Specifically, the amino ligand‐decorated MOFs contribute to homogenize Li‐ion flux and stabilize the lithium anode, and the sulfonic ligand‐decorated MOFs effectively suppress the shuttle effect by the dual effects of chemical adsorption and electrostatic repulsion. The quasi‐solid‐state LSBs assembled with this homogeneous Janus membrane deliver excellent rate performance and cycling stability. Moreover, it exhibits a high initial capacity of 923.4 mAh g−1 at 1 C at 70 °C, and 697.3 mAh g−1 is retained after 100 cycles, indicating great potential for its application in high‐safety LSBs.