bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep gluteal syndrome as a cause of posterior hip pain and sciatica-like pain
Authors: Park Jung Wee , Lee Young-Kyun , Lee Yun Jong , Shin Seunghwan , Kang Yusuhn , Koo Kyung-Hoi
Published: April 2020

Deep gluteal syndrome is an increasingly recognized disease entity, caused by compression of the sciatic or pudendal nerve due to non-discogenic pelvic lesions. It includes the piriformis syndrome, the gemelli-obturator internus syndrome, the ischiofemoral impingement syndrome, and the proximal hamstring syndrome. The concept of the deep gluteal syndrome extends our understanding of posterior hip pain due to nerve entrapment beyond the traditional model of the piriformis syndrome. Nevertheless, there has been terminological confusion and the deep gluteal syndrome has often been undiagnosed or mistaken for other conditions. Careful history-taking, a physical examination including provocation tests, an electrodiagnostic study, and imaging are necessary for an accurate diagnosis.

After excluding spinal lesions, MRI scans of the pelvis are helpful in diagnosing deep gluteal syndrome and identifying pathological conditions entrapping the nerves. It can be conservatively treated with multidisciplinary treatment including rest, the avoidance of provoking activities, medication, injections, and physiotherapy.

Endoscopic or open surgical decompression is recommended in patients with persistent or recurrent symptoms after conservative treatment or in those who may have masses compressing the sciatic nerve.

Many physicians remain unfamiliar with this syndrome and there is a lack of relevant literature. This comprehensive review aims to provide the latest information about the epidemiology, aetiology, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):556–567.
When and where do patients with bone metastases actually break their femurs?
Authors: Sternheim A. , Traub F. , Trabelsi N. , Dadia S. , Gortzak Y. , Snir N. , Gorfine M. , Yosibash Z.
Published: April 2020

Aims

Accurate estimations of the risk of fracture due to metastatic bone disease in the femur is essential in order to avoid both under-treatment and over-treatment of patients with an impending pathological fracture. The purpose of the current retrospective in vivo study was to use CT-based finite element analyses (CTFEA) to identify a clear quantitative differentiating factor between patients who are at imminent risk of fracturing their femur and those who are not, and to identify the exact location of maximal weakness where the fracture is most likely to occur.

Methods

Data were collected on 82 patients with femoral metastatic bone disease, 41 of whom did not undergo prophylactic fixation. A total of 15 had a pathological fracture within six months following the CT scan, and 26 were fracture-free during the five months following the scan. The Mirels score and strain fold ratio (SFR) based on CTFEA was computed for all patients. A SFR value of 1.48 was used as the threshold for a pathological fracture. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predicted values for Mirels score and SFR predictions were computed for nine patients who fractured and 24 who did not, as well as a comparison of areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC of the ROC curves).

Results

The sensitivity of SFR was 100% compared with 88% for the Mirels score, and the specificity of SFR was 67% compared with 38% for the Mirels score. The AUC was 0.905 for SFR compared with 0.578 for the Mirels score (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

All the patients who sustained a pathological fracture of the femur had an SFR of > 1.48. CTFEA was far better at predicting the risk of fracture and its location accurately compared with the Mirels score. CTFEA is quick and automated and can be incorporated into the protocol of CT scanners. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):638–645.
Is frozen tumour-bearing autograft with concurrent vascularized fibula an alternative to the Capanna technique for the intercalary reconstruction after resection of osteosarcoma in the lower limb?
Authors: Lu Yajie , Zhu Haodong , Huang Mengquan , Zhang Chunlin , Chen Guojing , Ji Chuanlei , Wang Zhen , Li Jing
Published: April 2020

Aims

The use of frozen tumour-bearing autograft combined with a vascularized fibular graft (VFG) represents a new technique for biological reconstruction of massive bone defect. We have compared the clinical outcomes between this technique and Capanna reconstruction.

Methods

From June 2011 to January 2016 a retrospective study was carried out of patients with primary osteosarcoma of lower limbs who underwent combined biological intercalary reconstruction. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the reconstructive technique: frozen tumour-bearing autograft combined with concurrent VFG (Group 1) and the Capanna method (Group 2). Demographics, operating procedures, oncological outcomes, graft union, limb function, and postoperative complications were compared.

Results

A total of 23 patients were identified for analysis: eight in Group 1 and 15 in Group 2. There was no difference in the demographics (age, sex, and affected site) and operating procedures (resection length, duration of surgery, and blood loss) between the two groups. No significant difference was found in local recurrence in Group 1 versus Group 2 (p = 0.585). Mean union time for the frozen autograft-host junction was 8.4 months (7.0 to 11.0), significantly earlier than for the allograft-host junction in Group 2 (mean 14.1 months (10.0 to 28.0); p < 0.001). Mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scores in groups 1 and 2 were 90.3% (SD 7.4%) and 88.0% (SD 9.0%), respectively, with no significant statistical difference (p = 0.535). In terms of complications, infection (n = 1, 6.7%) and delayed union (n = 2, 13.3%) occurred in Group 2, but no such complications were observed in Group 1.

Conclusion

Frozen tumour-bearing autograft in combination with VFG can be used as an alternative to the Capanna reconstruction in properly selected patients with osteosarcoma. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):646–652.
Modifiable risk factors for mortality in revision total hip arthroplasty for periprosthetic fracture
Authors: Gibbs Victoria N. , McCulloch Robert A. , Dhiman Paula , McGill Andrew , Taylor Adrian H. , Palmer Antony J. R. , Kendrick Ben J. L.
Published: April 2020

Aims

The aim of this study was to identify modifiable risk factors associated with mortality in patients requiring revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for periprosthetic hip fracture.

Methods

The electronic records of consecutive patients undergoing revision THA for periprosthetic hip fracture between December 2011 and October 2018 were reviewed. The data which were collected included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, the preoperative serum level of haemoglobin, time to surgery, operating time, blood transfusion, length of hospital stay, and postoperative surgical and medical complications. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent modifiable factors associated with mortality at 90 days and one year postoperatively.

Results

A total of 203 patients were identified. Their mean age was 78 years (44 to 100), and 108 (53%) were female. The median time to surgery was three days (interquartile range (IQR) 2 to 5). The mortality rate at one year was 13.8% (n = 28). The commonest surgical complication was dislocation (n = 22, 10.8%) and the commonest medical complication within 90 days of surgery was hospital-acquired pneumonia (n = 25, 12%). Multivariate analysis showed that the rate of mortality one year postoperatively was five-fold higher in patients who sustained a dislocation (odds ratio (OR) 5.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.60 to 15.83); p = 0.006). The rate of mortality was also four-fold higher in patients who developed hospital-acquired pneumonia within 90 days postoperatively (OR 4.43 (95% CI 1.55 to 12.67); p = 0.005). There was no evidence that the time to surgery was a risk factor for death at one year.

Conclusion

Dislocation and hospital-acquired pneumonia following revision THA for a periprosthetic fracture are potentially modifiable risk factors for mortality. This study suggests that surgeons should consider increasing constraint to reduce the risk of dislocation, and the early involvement of a multidisciplinary team to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired pneumonia. We found no evidence that the time to surgery affected mortality, which may allow time for medical optimization, surgical planning, and resource allocation. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(5):580–585.
Study of Modernization of Distillation Units and Applications of Nonlinear ROI Equity Model: A Case of Gayo Lues Patchouli Value Chain
Authors: Juanda Juanda , Sutiarso Lilik , Maksum Moch , Ismoyowati Dyah
Published: April 2020

The inequity of benefits among actors in the Indonesian patchouli value chain has been taking place for decades. This phenomenon has made distillers unable to guarantee the patchouli oil quality, one of the essential things in the global market. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of modernization of distillation units and applications of a nonlinear return on investment (ROI) equity model to the financial performance of actors in the value chain to help the government together with the actors making the correct decisions and policies in the development of patchouli oil business. The study was done in the Gayo Lues District, Aceh, Indonesia. The findings indicate that the distillers get the least benefits (the lowest ROI) among actors in the Gayo Lues value chain. Moreover, modernization of the distillation units can increase the ROIs of the actors in the value chain. But, to observe how to establish equity among the actors, a nonlinear ROI equity model was developed. To make ROIs of the actors equal, outputs of the model recommend that the ideal patchouli oil share ratio between farmers and distillers is around 3.3 – 3.4: 1. Outputs of the model also suggest that both net gross and profits per kg of medium middlemen should be increased, while both net and gross profits per kg of large middlemen should be decreased.
Centres de documentació de diaris al segle XXI. Panorama després del tsunami.
Authors: Guallar Javier , Cornet Anna
Published: April 2020

Objective: To analyse the situation of documentation services in Spanish newspapers in 2020, ten years after the start of the recession, which had such a great impact on news agencies.

Methodology: An open-ended questionnaire was sent to the documentation managers of nine Spanish newspapers, with questions about: staff, documentary functions, software use, sources of information, documentary products, social networks, new features and the future of the profession.

Results: The following points emerged from the responses to the questionnaires: the considerable reduction in staff over the last ten years; the greater use of documentation in relation to print publishing than in digital publishing (e.g., document analysis); the low level of integration of documentary software in print and online editions; the low use of information sources; the widespread creation of documentary products for internal use, when in fact very few of these products reach the reader; the interest in participating in emerging activities such as fact-checking and vetting content; and, finally, the fact that, when asked to predict the future of the profession, respondents combined pessimistic perceptions about the continuity of the documentation centres with a number of proposals for raising the profession’s profile.
El Catálogo de la mujer de la Florida Universitària, una eina per a fomentar la igualtat.
Authors: Verdugo Martí Vicenta , Moraga Barrero Patricia
Published: April 2020

This paper describes the creation of Florida Universitaria CRAI’s Catálogo de la mujer. Florida is an educational cooperative set up in the region of Valencia in the 1970s, a time when many projects were launched in an attempt to change and modernize approaches to teaching. Since its inception, the values that have underpinned its work have been a management style based on democratic practices, secularism, the promotion of the Valencian language and coeducation, and the application of the Mondragón business model. These values have also shaped the creation of the bibliographical archives belonging to the CRAI-Bibilioteca and the rest of the cooperative’s libraries. Since the first professional training programmes in 1977-1978, the cooperative has adapted the courses on offer to the needs of its public (and also in line with its budget). Florida Universitària came into being in the early 1990s, as an associated centre attached to the Valencia’s two main universities (the University of Valencia and the Polytechnic University). Finally, the language centre was founded in 1994. La Florida is based in Catarroja, a town in the Horta Sud of Valencia, where secondary school studies, language teaching and university courses are taught at three different sites. These centres were created at different stages of the cooperative’s history, building on the original secondary school and expanding to cover the teaching needs of a group of villages located some way away from the city, and responding to the rising demands of the area’s industrial sector.
Non-contact direct selective laser trabeculoplasty: light propagation analysis
Authors: Sacks Zachary S. , Dobkin-Bekman Masha , Geffen Noa , Goldenfeld Mordechai , Belkin Michael
Published: April 2020

Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT), used to treat glaucoma and ocular hypertension, requires the use of a gonioscope placed on the cornea to visualize and irradiate the trabecular meshwork (TM). Alternatively, non-contact direct SLT (DSLT) irradiates the TM through the overlying tissues. Here we analyze this innovative procedure using analytical modeling and Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the laser energy reaching the TM through the overlying tissues. Compared with energy launched from the laser, DSLT energy transmission to the TM is 2.8 times less than SLT, which verifies the efficacy of non-contact DSLT given the lowest reported effective SLT energies.
Semi-automated shear stress measurements in developing embryonic hearts
Authors: Elahi Sahar , Blackburn Brecken J. , Lapierre-Landry Maryse , Gu Shi , Rollins Andrew M. , Jenkins Michael W.
Published: April 2020

Blood-induced shear stress influences gene expression. Abnormal shear
stress patterns on the endocardium of the early-stage heart tube can
lead to congenital heart defects. To have a better understanding of
these mechanisms, it is essential to include shear stress measurements
in longitudinal cohort studies of cardiac development. Previously
reported approaches are computationally expensive and nonpractical
when assessing many animals. Here, we introduce a new approach to
estimate shear stress that does not rely on recording 4D image sets
and extensive post processing. Our method uses two adjacent optical
coherence tomography frames (B-scans) where lumen geometry and flow
direction are determined from the structural data and the velocity is
measured from the Doppler OCT signal. We validated our shear stress
estimate by flow phantom experiments and applied it to live quail
embryo hearts where observed shear stress patterns were similar to
previous studies.
Cobalt enhanced nonlinear optical properties and optical limiting of zinc oxide irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Shehata Abdullah , Tawfik Wael Z. , Mohamed Tarek
Published: April 2020

In this paper the nonlinear optical properties of Co-doped ZnO and pure ZnO thin films were measured. The films were irradiated with 100 femtosecond laser pulses at 950 nm and at different input intensities ranging from 9 to

14

G
W

/

c
m

2

. We observed that two-photon absorption induced a reverse saturable absorption and saturable absorption in Co-doped ZnO, while the three-photon absorption was observed to induce saturable absorption in pure ZnO. The nonlinear absorption coefficient

β

and nonlinear refractive index

n

2

of Co-doped ZnO were found to be intensity dependent. An enhancement of 100 times in the nonlinear refractive index was observed for the Co-doped ZnO thin films compared to pure ZnO thin films. This reveal a strong optical limiting behavior for the Co-doped ZnO in comparison to pure ZnO thin films.
Plasma modulator for high-power intense lasers
Authors: Zhao Yao , Weng Suming , Sheng Zhengming , Kang Ning , Liu Huiya , Zhu Jianqiang , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2020

A type of plasma-based optical modulator is proposed for the generation of broadband high-power laser pulses. Compared with normal optical components, plasma-based optical components can sustain much higher laser intensities. Here we illustrate via theory and simulation that a high-power sub-relativistic laser pulse can be self-modulated to a broad bandwidth over 100% after it passes through a tenuous plasma. In this scheme, the self-modulation of the incident picoseconds sub-relativistic pulse is realized via stimulated Raman forward rescattering in the quasi-linear regime, where the stimulated Raman backscattering is heavily dampened. The optimal laser and plasma parameters for this self-modulation have been identified. For a laser with asub-relativistic intensity of I ∼ 1017W/cm2, the time scale for the development of self-modulation is around 103 light periods when stimulated Raman forward scattering has been fully developed. Consequently, the spatial scale required for such a self-modulation is in the order of millimeters. For a tenuous plasma, the energy conversion efficiency of this self-modulation is around 90%. Theoretical predictions are verified by both one-dimensional and two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations.
Snapshot 3D reconstruction of liquid surfaces
Authors: Roth Adrian , Kristensson Elias , Berrocal Edouard
Published: April 2020

In contrast to static objects, liquid structures such as drops, blobs, as well as waves and ripples on water surfaces are challenging to image in 3D due to two main reasons: first, the transient nature of those phenomena requires snapshot imaging that is fast enough to freeze the motion of the liquid. Second, the transparency of liquids and the specular reflections from their surfaces induce complex image artefacts. In this article we present a novel imaging approach to reconstruct in 3D the surface of irregular liquid structures that only requires a single snapshot. The technique is named Fringe Projection - Laser Induced Fluorescence (FP-LIF) and uses a high concentration of fluorescent dye in the probed liquid. By exciting this dye with a fringe projection structured laser beam, fluorescence is generated primarily at the liquid surface and imaged at a backward angle. By analysing the deformation of the initial projected fringes using phase-demodulation image post-processing, the 3D coordinates of the liquid surface are deduced. In this article, the approach is first numerically tested by considering a simulated pending drop, in order to analyse its performance. Then, FP-LIF is applied for two experimental cases: a quasi-static pending drop as well as a transient liquid sheet. We demonstrate reconstruction RMS errors of 1.4% and 6.1% for the simulated and experimental cases respectively. The technique presented here demonstrates, for the first time, a fringe projection approach based on LIF detection to reconstruct liquid surfaces in 3D. FP-LIF is promising for the study of more complex liquid structures and is paving the way for high-speed 3D videography of liquid surfaces.
The Laser at 60
Authors: Wills Stewart
Published: April 2020

Six decades after the first working laser was demonstrated, OPN
offers a few samples of the incredibly rich field the device has
created.
Television Goes 8K: Can You See the Difference?
Authors: Hecht Jeff
Published: April 2020

The impressive technology promises better imaging in medicine and
other fields as well as entertainment, but how much more can our eyes
see?
Satelite bidezko itsas gainazaleko tenperatura eta klorofila kontzentrazioen berreraikitzea. Azken hamarkadetako eta urtaroen zikloaren bilakaera Bizkaiko Golkoan
Authors: Esnaola Ganix , Saenz Jon , Ibarra-Berastegi Gabriel
Published: April 2020

Satelite bidezko itsas gainazaleko tenperatura eta klorofila kontzentrazio irudiei lainoek eragindako zuloak betetzeko DINEOF teknika aplikatu zaie, zulorik gabeko eguneroko maiztasuneko hamarkadetako irudi sortak sortzeko asmoarekin. Irudi sorta horien azterketa egin da ondoren bi aldagaietan urtaroen zikloa aztertzeko, bai bere anplitudeari zein bere faseari dagokienez. Azterketak erakusten du tenperaturaren urtaro zikloaren anplitudeak 0,11 °C/hamarkada balioko joera gorakor adierazgarria duela baina ez horrela klorofila kontzentrazioarenak. Faseari dagokionez, berriz, ez da joera adierazgarririk detektatu bi aldagaietako batean ere.
Antxoaren maneiu eta kontserbazioa: biomasan eragiten duten faktoreen azterketa
Authors: Txurruka Alberdi Estibalitz , Barroeta Legarreta Ziortza , Fanjul Miranda Alvaro
Published: April 2020

Antxoa arrantza-munduko genero pelagiko garrantzitsuenetariko bat da. Bizkaiko Golkoan, 2005 eta 2010 bitartean antxoaren arrantza debekatu egin zen aurreko urteetan izandako errekrutamendu baxuak zirela eta. Halakorik errepikatu ez dadin populazioaren egoera eta honi eragiten dioten faktoreak zeintzuk diren jakitea garrantzitsua da; hala nola tamaina handiko indibiduoen kopurua zein den, harrapariak, korronteak, parasitoak, birusak eta bakterioak, ibaien lumak, zooplanktonaren (beraren elikagaia) ugaritasuna eta komunitatearen estruktura/dibertsitatea etab. Antxoaren biomasan (eta errekrutamenduan) zuzenean eragiten duten faktore horietaz gainera, badira zeharkako eragile batzuk ere, antxoaren elikagai nagusia den zooplanktonean eragiten dutenak hain zuzen ere. Adibidez, uraren tenperatura, fitoplanktona, gazitasuna, upwellinga, etab. Eragile horiek kontuan ez hartzeak ondorioak ekarri ditzake etorkizuneko antxoaren biomasan eta, beraz, horiek aztertzea ezinbestekoa da.
Lazunaren akuikultura jasangarria lortzeko aurrerapausoak
Authors: Ortiz Aginagalde Ager , Conlledo Gorrotxategi Nadia , Lecube Iturrioz Xabier , Izagirre Aramaiona Urtzi
Published: April 2020

Gaur egungo bizimoduaren beharretara moldatzeko bidean, jarduera ekonomiko jasangarrietara jotzea du helburu Europar Batasunak, baita akuikultura arloan ere. Ildo horri eutsiz, Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Arrantza eta Akuikultura zuzendaritzak, Itsas eta Arrantzarako Europako Funtsaren bidez lagunduta, eta Euskal Herriko erakunde ezberdinen (GAIkER-Ik4, PiE-EHU, kARDALA LHII) elkarlanarekin, AkURA proiektua jarri zuen martxan 2017. urte amaieran. Akuikultura-sektorean garapen jasangarria bultzatzeko asmoen barruan, bertakoa den arrain-espezie berritzailea aukeratu da ikerketen ahaleginak zentratzeko: lazuna, hain zuzen. Hazkuntza azkarreko arraina da, erresistentea, autoktonoa eta orojalea. Azken ezaugarri honek gaur egun industrian gehien hazten diren espezieetatik desberdintzen du, haragijaleetatik alegia. Lazunek, animali jatorria duten proteinekiko dependentzia baxuagoa dutenez, arrain irinekiko existitzen den dependentzia murriztea ahalbidetzen dute, eta, bide batez, dieta jasangarriagoak eta moldagarriagoak egitea. Beraz, lazunen hazkuntza-sistema optimizatzearekin batera, dieta espezifiko eta aberastuak formulatzea izango da helburu nagusietako bat. Ildo horretatik ikusi da proteina, gantz eta karbohidratoen arteko oreka nutrizionala lortzeko oraindik ikerketen beharra dagoela. Bizi-zikloa gatibutasunean ixtea botila-lepo moduan planteatzen den arren, lehenengo erruteak lortu dira eta hasierako hilkortasun-fase kritikoa igaro ondoren hazkuntza azkarra izatea lortu da. Ikerketa-proiektu honek lazunaren akuikultura jasangarria lortzeko lehenengo urratsak ezartzen ditu. Proiektua martxan dago, eta, oraindik erronka asko geratzen diren arren, lazunak industriarako duen potentziala nabaria da.
Batxilergoko ikasle eta irakasleen ingurumen inpaktu negatiboen hautematea eta jarrera
Authors: Hidalgo Gereñu Xanti , Romaratezabala Aldasoro Estibaliz , Rodríguez-Negro Josune , Yanci Irigoyen Javier
Published: April 2020

Azterlan honen helburuak izan dira Vitoria-Gasteizko ikastetxe kontzertatu bateko ikasle eta irakasleek natura-ingurunera egindako ibilaldi batean, haiek eragindako ingurumen-inpaktuaren inguruan duten hautematea jasotzea eta ikasleen denbora librean natura-jarduera fisikoek duten garrantziaren eta ingurumenarekiko errespetuaren arteko harremana ezagutzea. Derrigorrezko Bigarren Hezkuntza (DBH) amaitua zuten ikastetxe kontzertatu bateko Batxilergoko 1. mailako 29 ikaslek eta 3 irakaslek osatu zuten lagina. Datuen bilketarako hiru tresna erabili ziren: mendi-ibilaldia amaitu ostean bete beharreko bi galdetegi eta txangoan zehar ateratako argazki bilduma. Ikerketan lortutako emaitzetatik, ikasleek ingurumena errespetatzen dutelako hautematea dutela ondoriozta daiteke. Hautemate hori nabariagoa da taldeko hautematea eta natur inguruneko jarduera fisikoa garrantzitsua den pertsonengan. Horretaz guztiaz gainera, partaide guztietan, mendi ibilaldiek sortaraz ditzaketen ingurumen-inpaktuei buruzkoezjakintasuna ikusi da. Bada, ondorio nagusi legez, eskola garaian jasotako ingurumen heziketan gabezia nabaria hauteman da, gorputz-hezkuntza saioetan natura- ingurunean burututako jardueren ingurumen inpaktua murrizteko neurrien inguruko ezagutza eza, alegia.
L’innovation pédagogique dans l’enseignement supérieur: Des chemins de traverse aux avenues institutionnelles
Authors: Ketele Jean-Marie De
Published: April 2020

Começando por clarificar o campo conceptual no qual se inscreve este trabalho, o autor revê aqueles que considera serem os pontos de entrada da inovação nas instituições universitárias. Finalmente, apresenta uma tentativa de modelização do próprio processo de inovação no ensino superior tal como o perspectiva.
L’école et les ambivalences du mérite
Authors: Duru-Bellat Marie
Published: April 2020

Nas sociedades modernas, quando o mérito é assumido como a base em que assenta a seriação dos indivíduos, a escola é perspectivada como sendo a responsável por fazer a avaliação desses níveis de mérito. Partindo do princípio que as sociedades são desiguais, a sociologia da educação mostra que é impossível considerar que o sucesso escolar se deva às diferenças de mérito individual. Do mesmo modo, uma meritocracia plena induziria várias consequências nefastas, tanto no meio escolar como na vida profissional. Contudo, o mérito não pode ser desconsiderado, assumido como um princípio de justiça, deve ser combinado com outros tais como os imperativos de necessidade e a igualdade. Resulta, portanto, que ao nível societal, a obsessão pelo mérito e a promoção de igualdade de oportunidades não deve desviar atenções da luta contra as próprias desigualdades.
Morphological knowledge and learning new words
Authors: Nunes Terezinha , Bryant Peter , Evans Deborah
Published: April 2020

Partindo do princípio que o vocabulário das crianças é fundamental para a comunicação e a compreensão de textos escritos e para o sucesso escolar como um todo, este trabalho visa estudar um dos factores cognitivos que podem influenciar a aprendizagem de vocabulário pelas crianças – concretamente, a consciência morfológica. Os autores crêem que este conhecimento pode ser crucial para o desenvolvimento de métodos de promoção do desenvolvimento do vocabulário das crianças. O estudo que aqui se reporta demonstra que a consciência morfológica contribui para a capacidade de memorização de histórias e estímulos escritos, muito para além do papel que pode atribuir-se, nessa capacidade, às competências fonológicas dos indivíduos. A investigação conclui pela mais valia do desenvolvimento de competências morfológicas das crianças, mais ainda que as análogas competências em ortografia, como forma de promoção do alargamento do seu vocabulário.
Early memories of warmth and safeness and eating psychopathology: The mediating role of social safeness and body appreciation
Authors: Oliveira Sara , Ferreira Cláudia , Mendes Ana Laura
Published: April 2020

Research on human development and functioning has highlighted the importance of earlyemotional and relational experiences. Particularly, an association between the absenceof early positive memories and the presence of disordered eating has been evidenced byrecent investigations. However, the study of the mechanisms underlying this associationremains unclear.Using a sample of 490 women, the hypothesis that early positive memories are negativelyassociated with disordered eating via social safeness and a positive relationship withone’s body image was tested via path analysis. The tested model explained 51% of eatingpsychopathology’s variance, and revealed a good adjustment to the empirical data. Additionally, social safeness and body appreciation were revealed as mediators of the impact of early warm and safe memories on disordered eating, when controlling for the effect of BMI.These findings suggest the importance of targeting social safeness and acceptance, especiallywhen defining potentially effective programmes for the prevention of eating disorders.
Estudos laboratoriais para determinação do comportamento da vida de fadiga de misturas asfálticas rejuvenescidas
Authors: Silva João Paulo Souza , Farias Márcio Muniz
Published: April 2020

A reciclagem de revestimentos asfálticos é um assunto que desperta grande interesse, mas que requer estudos mais aprofundados. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como objetivo estudar os efeitos de produtos rejuvenescedores na vida de fadiga de misturas asfálticas utilizando material fresado de revestimento asfáltico. O fresado recebeu adição de rejuvenescedores a base de alcatrão (RejuvaSeal) e outros a base de óleo de xisto, conhecidos comercialmente com AR-5, AR-250 e AR-500, nas taxas de 15, 20 e 25%, de modo a verificar qual teor seria apropriado para fazer com que a mistura rejuvenescida apresentasse características semelhantes às de uma mistura asfáltica nova do tipo CBUQ, na Faixa C, aqui tomada como mistura de referência. Em seguida, as propriedades mecânicas (RT e Vida de Fadiga) foram determinadas, de onde se observou que a mistura contendo 20% de AR-5 foi a que mais se aproximou de uma mistura nova de referência.
Avaliação da influência do envelhecimento e da temperatura nas características viscoelásticas de ligantes asfálticos
Authors: Mazzoni Laura Nascimento , Takahashi Marcia Midori , Vasconcelos Kamilla Lima , Bernucci Liedi
Published: April 2020

As especificações SUPERPAVE (Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements) introduziram a caracterização reológica de ligantes asfálticos, atribuindo propriedades de engenharia aos mesmos. Devido à complexidade do comportamento viscoelástico dos ligantes, os parâmetros reológicos foram inicialmente propostos apenas na região viscoelástica linear (LVER). Sabe-se que a rigidez do material é influenciada diretamente pela frequência, temperatura e envelhecimento. Esse trabalho estudou o efeito da temperatura de ensaio e do nível de envelhecimento na região viscoelástica linear durante o ensaio de varredura de deformações usando o reômetro de cisalhamento dinâmico (DSR). O envelhecimento foi realizado em estufa de filme fino rotativo (RTFO). Foram avaliados três ligantes asfálticos: um ligante convencional, um 60/85-E modificado por SBS (copolímero em bloco de estireno-butadieno-estireno) e o outro altamente modificado (HiMA). Os resultados mostram que os ligantes têm sua região viscoelástica linear reduzida com o aumento do envelhecimento e a redução da temperatura. Os ligantes modificados apresentaram maiores LVER que o ligante convencional, principalmente em altas temperaturas.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: May 2020
Authors: Young Renee L.
Published: April 2020

Article Title: Use Of Fecal Occult Blood Testing As A Diagnostic Tool For Clinical Indications: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Pobreza Multidimensional no Brasil em 2014
Authors: Toledo Vicente Alves , Rodrigues Cristiana Tristão
Published: April 2020

Este artigo tem por objetivo definir o perfil da pobreza multidimensional no Brasil, para o ano de 2014. Por meio da metodologia de Alkire e Foster (2011a), foi encontrado o Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional de 8,5% para este ano. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que a população pobre no país sofre maior privação na dimensão Serviços Básicos, levando em conta, principalmente, o acesso ao saneamento básico e a fontes de água. Constatou-se também que as regiões Norte e Nordeste estão em situação mais grave em relação à pobreza multidimensional, apresentando os piores índices.
JUDICIAL REFORMS IN CHINA: THE WAY OF STRENGTHENING THE JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE
Authors: Islam Mohammad Saiful , Xin Xu
Published: April 2020

The idea of judicial independence and Chinese courts are the parallel subject matter of discourse among the scholars in several fields in place of either judicial independence strengthen or restricted as Chinese authority continually pushes numerous judicial reform strategy year to year. The westerns, frequently, utter China’s courts are beyond enjoying appropriate independence to decide judicial verdicts solely and independently. Conversely, the Chinese leaders enunciate they entirely extempore to swallow the Western impresses as they are a cradle of rescinding the unique Chinese features. This paper, broadly, attempts to address the design of several rounds of judicial reform policy till nowadays as a means of strengthening the independence of courts. The study catches that the Chinese authority invests rigorous reform efforts to the efficient management of court administrations; to recruit better-qualified judges; to reduce internal interference from party leaders and courts seniors. They also amended laws to progress decisional independence that will extend the Chinese judiciary closer to unaffected judicial independence.
SUPERVISION OF KPPU ON THE ACTION OF MERGERS DONE BY MINING COMPANIES
Authors: Putri Preeti Kartika , Prananingtyas Paramita
Published: April 2020

Mining companies conduct mergers to ensure and strengthen their position in their relevant market. Mining company mergers that aren’t supervised can result in monopoly and unfair business practices. The issue discussed is the supervision of mergers for mining companies by KPPU. This is a normative juridical research through a statutory and conceptual approach. The result indicates that mining companies are subject to legal provisions of limited liability company and competition law.There is no regulations regarding mergers in Indonesian mining law.Supervision of said mergers by KPPU can be carried out by voluntary consultation or by obligatory post merger notification. The scope of KPPU's supervision also includes mining companies’ compliances in case of notification. Delay of such notification will be examined by KPPU and subsequently fined if proven to have committed violation. However, post merger notification is only adopted by only a few countries for it is considered no longer guarantee legal certainty.
AKUISISI DATA MENGGUNAKAN LABVIEW DENGAN ARDUINO SEBAGAI PERANGKAT KERAS BERBIAYA RENDAH
Authors: Bagenda Dadan Nurdin , Rudati Paula Santi
Published: April 2020

Industrial and academic laboratories cannot be separated from the use of DAQ, most of industrial automation generally requires massive amounts of DAQ and high speed. DAQ LabView software provides various facilities so that projects can be faster. Honestly, the price of hardware for DAQ is relatively expensive, luckily LabView give the opportunity to support ability many hardware including Arduino Board. Using the LINX library from Makerhub are free, so that the DAQ Practicum as industry standard can be done by affordable prices. The results without Linx, the average travel time for serial deliveries is 5.98 us/byte at 2Mbps. With Linx, "loop rate (Hz)" feature is valid as a 2-time (trigger-echo) measurement, and the data transmission time is below 20.41 ms, the digital DAQ of 2-way by (trigger-echo) is 20.41, also flip-flop transmission has an average time 13.7 ms/loop, also analog DAQ from LM35 have average time 7.87 ms/loop.
Zum Nationalsozialismus in der österreichischen Gegenwartsliteratur: Paulus Hochgatterers Erzählung „Der Tag, an dem mein Großvater ein Held war“ (2017)
Authors: Stocker Günther
Published: April 2020

Der Beitrag untersucht Paulus Hochgatterers 2017 erschienene Erzählung Der Tag, an dem mein Großvater ein Held war als spezifisch literarischen Beitrag zur gegenwärtigen österreichischen Erinnerungskultur bzgl. der nationalsozialistischen Verbrechen. Die besondere Herangehensweise des Textes an das in der österreichischen Literatur spätestens seit den 1980er Jahren notorische Thema wird dabei an der räumlichen Situierung des Geschehens im Hinterland, der zeitlichen Situierung im „Ausnahmezustand“ (G. Agamben) der letzten Kriegswochen, vor allem aber in dem erzählerischen Entwurf von Alternativszenarien festgemacht.
The Compulsion to Create: Definition and Genesis of the Phenomenon
Authors: Janiszewska-Szczepanik Agnieszka
Published: April 2020

Is it possible to speak of the compulsion to create? And if so, what underlies it? In this article, I set out to offer a comprehensive explanation of what may cause the strong desire for creative activity observable in many artistically-inclined individuals. To describe this desire, I use the term compulsion to create, and drawing upon examples from both pop-culture and the lives of famous artists on the one hand, and philosophical and scholarly writings on the other, I seek its sources in the individual’s psyche. I discuss how the compulsion to create depends, among other factors, on an individual’s personality and mental state (in the sense of Sigmund Freud’s and Elaine N. Aron’s theories), transcendental circumstances (in the sense of Carl Jung’s theory) and character traits (as defined by Jordan Peterson). Then, I frame the phenomenon studied within the 4Ps Model of Creativity. I point to a significant correlation between the compulsion to create and high levels of an individual’s creativity. Additionally, I discriminate between the notions of the drive to create and the compulsion to create. The article proposes a definition of the compulsion to create which allows for a clear understanding of this notion and its popular application in the field of creatology.
Loneliness in Artistic Expression
Authors: Morozewicz Marzanna
Published: April 2020

Delving into the nature of the creative process, attention is given in the article to particular kinds of emotions appearing in the course of the work of a creative person. Particular emphasis is given to the emotions the artist is guided by during the act of creation. The reflections presented in the text result not only from theoretical analysis, but also from the author’s experience in the process of creation. In this context they refer closely to the personal emotional sensations accompanying the author when painting pictures.

The article distinguishes and analizes the concept of loneliness in artistic creation. Selected visual artists are recalled, who deliberately refer in their work to the experience of loneliness in the process of creation. The significance of artists belonging to creative community groups is also pointed out. Positive and negative aspects of experiencing loneliness by the creator in the act of artistic creation are also stressed.
Hippocampal Synaptic Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Huntington Disease Is Not Alleviated by Ceftriaxone Treatment
Authors: Wilkie Crystal M. , Barnes Jocelyn R. , Benson Cherry-Lynn M. , Brymer Kyle J. , Nafar Firoozeh , Parsons Matthew P.
Published: April 2020

Glutamate transporters, particularly glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1), help to prevent the adverse effects associated with glutamate toxicity by rapidly clearing glutamate from the extracellular space. Since GLT-1 expression and/or function are reduced in many neurodegenerative diseases, upregulation of GLT-1 is a favorable approach to treat the symptoms of these diseases. Ceftriaxone, a β-lactam antibiotic reported to increase GLT-1 expression, can exert neuroprotective effects in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases; however, many of these diseases do not exhibit uniform brain pathology. In contrast, as a drug that readily crosses the blood–brain barrier, ceftriaxone administration is likely to increase GLT-1 levels globally throughout the neuroaxis. In Huntington disease (HD), low GLT-1 expression is observed in the striatum in postmortem tissue and animal models. While ceftriaxone was reported to increase striatal GLT-1 and ameliorate the motor symptoms in a mouse model of HD, the extrastriatal effects of ceftriaxone in HD are unknown. Using electrophysiology and high-speed imaging of the glutamate biosensor iGluSnFR, we quantified real-time glutamate dynamics and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of the Q175FDN mouse model of HD, following intraperitoneal injections of either saline or ceftriaxone. We observed an activity-dependent increase in extracellular glutamate accumulation within the HD hippocampus, which was not the result of reduced GLT-1 expression. Surprisingly, ceftriaxone had little effect on glutamate clearance rates and negatively impacted synaptic plasticity. These data provide evidence for glutamate dysregulation in the HD hippocampus but also caution the use of ceftriaxone as a treatment for HD.
Perceptions of Racial Progress and Mistreatment Today
Authors: Davis Theodore
Published: April 2020

In 1967, President Lyndon B. Johnson established the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders to examine why race relations in the United States were in such a state of confusion that it had resulted in civil disturbances. By 1968, the trajectory of race relations and racial disparities, with regard to the quality of life and standards of living, were such that the commission wrote, “Our nation is moving toward two societies, one Black, one White, separate and unequal.” Since the start of the twenty-first century, economic recessions, natural disasters, and civil unrest have exposed the continuation of pervasive differences in the perceptions of racial progress between Blacks and Whites. This article aims to examine perceptions of racial progress and the continuation of unfair racial treatment within the context of the commission’s “two nations” thesis. The findings of this article suggest that Blacks remain considerably more pessimistic than Whites about the state of racial affairs in the US today. How do we explain this conundrum in light of the passage of the civil rights legislation of the 1960s? We begin with the premise that race is still a problem in today’s society, but it is a problem in ways that are very different from when the Kerner Commission report was released.
Pembrolizumab-induced fulminant type 1 diabetes with C-peptide persistence at first referral
Authors: Kusuki Kazuhisa , Suzuki Saya , Mizuno Yuzo
Published: April 2020

A 72-year-old man with no history of diabetes was referred to our department due to hyperglycemia during pembrolizumab treatment for non-small-cell lung carcinoma. His blood glucose level was 209 mg/dL, but he was not in a state of ketosis or ketoacidosis. Serum C-peptide levels persisted at first, but gradually decreased, and 18 days later, he was admitted to our hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The patient was diagnosed with fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) induced by pembrolizumab. According to the literature, the insulin secretion capacity of a patient with type 1 diabetes (T1D) induced by anti-programmed cell death-1 (anti-PD-1) antibody is depleted in approximately 2 to 3 weeks, which is longer than that of typical FT1D. Patients with hyperglycemia and C-peptide persistence should be considered for hospitalization or frequent outpatient visits with insulin treatment because these could indicate the onset of life-threatening FT1D induced by anti-PD-1 antibodies. Based on the clinical course of this patient and the literature, we suggest monitoring anti-PD-1 antibody-related T1D.

Learning points:

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1 antibodies, are increasingly used as anticancer drugs. Anti-PD-1 antibodies can cause immune-related adverse events, including T1D.

FT1D, a novel subtype of T1D, is characterized by the abrupt onset of hyperglycemia with ketoacidosis, a relatively low glycated hemoglobin level and depletion of C-peptide level at onset.

In patients being treated with anti-PD-1 antibody, hyperglycemia with C-peptide level persistence should be monitored through regular blood tests. Because of C-peptide persistence and mild hyperglycemia, it is possible to miss a diagnosis of life-threatening FT1D induced by anti-PD-1 antibody.

In particular, in patients who have no history of diabetes, hyperglycemia without DKA is likely to be the very beginning of anti-PD-1 antibody-induced T1D. Therefore, such patients must be considered for either hospitalization or frequent outpatient visits with insulin injections and self-monitoring of blood glucose.
Type B insulin resistance syndrome in a patient with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sjöholm Åke , Pereira Maria João , Nilsson Thomas , Linde Torbjörn , Katsogiannos Petros , Saaf Jan , Eriksson Jan W
Published: April 2020

Type B insulin resistance syndrome (TBIRS) is a very rare autoimmune disorder with polyclonal autoantibodies against the insulin receptor, resulting in severe and refractory hyperglycemia. Described here is a patient who within a few months after the onset of autoimmune type 1 diabetes increased her insulin requirements more than 20-fold; despite this she had considerable difficulty maintaining a plasma glucose value of <40–60 mmol/L (720–1100 mg/dL). On suspicion of TBIRS, the patient was started on tapering dose of glucocorticoids to overcome the autoimmune insulin receptor blockade, resulting in an immediate and pronounced effect. Within days, insulin requirements decreased by 80–90% and plasma glucose stabilized around 7–8 mmol/L (126–144 mg/dL). The presence of antibodies to the insulin receptor was detected by immunoprecipitation and binding assays. After a 4-month remission on low maintenance dose prednisolone, the patient relapsed, which required repeated plasmaphereses and immune column treatments with temporarily remarkable effect. Mixed and transient results were seen with rituximab, mycophenolic acid and bortezomib, but the glycemic status remained suboptimal. Lack of compliance and recurrent infections may have contributed to this.

Learning points:

Type B insulin resistance syndrome (TBIRS) is a very rare autoimmune disorder with acquired polyclonal autoantibodies against the insulin receptor, resulting in severe and refractory hyperglycemia.

We describe here a young patient in whom, a few months after the onset of a regular autoimmune diabetes, insulin requirements in a short time increased more than 20-fold, but despite this, the plasma glucose level could be kept at <40–60 mmol/L only with considerable difficulty. Did this patient have TBIRS?

On suspicion of TBIRS, the patient was started on tapering glucocorticoids to overcome the autoimmune insulin receptor blockade, resulting in an immediate and pronounced effect; within days insulin requirements decreased by 80–90% and plasma glucose stabilized around 7–8 mmol/L.

The presence of antibodies to the insulin receptor was detected by immunoprecipitation and binding assays.

After a 4-month remission on low maintenance dose prednisolone, the patient relapsed, which required repeated plasmaphereses with temporarily remarkable effect.

TBIRS should be considered in diabetic patients whose glycemia and/or insulin requirements are inexplicably and dramatically increased.