bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FINTECH DAN E COMMERCE UNTUK MENDORONG PERTUMBUHAN UMKM DAN INDUSTRI KREATIF
Authors: Nizar Nefo Indra , Lubis Iman
Published: September 2020

Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk menggali lebih dalam mengenai peran fintech  dan e-commerce terhadap pertumbuhan UMKM dan Industri Kreatif melalui penilaian e-bisnis model pada Modalku dan Blanja .com dalam mendorong pertumbuhan UMKM dan industry kreatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan melakukan beberapa paparan mengenai kebijakan, prosedur, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi untuk platform Modalku (fintech) dan Blanja.com (e-commerce). Hasil yang didapat adalah kebijakan pemerintah mendukung dan mempermudah terbentuknya platform fintech dan e-commerce, prosedur perusahaan yang menjaga kerahasiaan dan keamanan untuk e-commerce dan kepastian hukum di fintech  mendukung amannya penggunaan platform tersebut. Pelaksanaan yang dilakukan yang diukur dengan empat kriteria yaitu infrastructure management, product innovation, customer relationship, dan financial aspect sangat membantu UMKM dan Industri kreatif untuk mendapatkan dana dan menyalurkan produk ke pasar.
Therapeutic Potential of Endothelial Colony Forming Cells in Ischemic Disease: Strategies to Improve Their Regenerative Efficacy
Authors: Faris Pawan , Negri Sharon , Perna Angelica , Rosti Vittorio , Guerra Germano , Moccia Francesco
Published: September 2020

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises a group of heart and circulatory disorders, which are regarded as a global medical issue with high prevalence and mortality rates. Currently, vascular regenerative surgery represents the most employed therapeutic option to treat ischemic disorders, even though not all the patients are amenable to surgical revascularization. Therefore, more efficient therapeutic approaches are urgently required to promote neovascularization. Therapeutic angiogenesis represents an emerging strategy that aims at reconstructing the damaged vascular network by stimulating local angiogenesis and/or promoting de novo blood vessel formation according to a process known as vasculogenesis. Circulating endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs), in turn, represent truly endothelial precursors able to aggregate into bidimensional tube networks and to originate patent vessels. Accordingly, ECFCs provide the most rationale and promising cellular candidate for therapeutic purposes. The current review provides a brief outline on the origin and characterization of ECFCs and a summary of the progress in preclinical studies aiming at assessing their efficacy in a variety of ischemic disorders, including AMI, PAD, ischemic brain disease and retinopathy. We also describe how to enhance the vasoreparative potential of ECFCs by boosting specific pro-angiogenic signalling pathways either pharmacologically or through gene manipulation. Taken together, these observations suggest that ECFCs represent a useful strategy to treat ischemic diseases.
Metabolic Modelling Approaches for Describing and Engineering Microbial Communities
Authors: García-Jiménez Beatriz , Torres Jesús , Nogales Juan
Published: September 2020

Microbes do not live in isolation but in microbial communities. The relevance of microbial communities is increasing due to the awareness about their biotechnological influences in a huge number of environmental, health and industrial processes. Hence, being able to control and engineer the output of both natural and synthetic communities would be of great interest. However, most of the available methods and biotechnological applications (both in vivo and in silico) have been developed in the context of isolated microbes. In vivo microbial consortia development, i.e. to reproduce the community life conditions in the wet-lab, is extremely difficult and expensive requiring of computational approaches to advance knowledge about microbial communities, mainly with descriptive modelling, and further with engineering modelling. In this review we provide a detailed compilation of available examples of engineered microbial communities as a launch pad for an exhaustive and historical revision of those computational methods devoted so far toward the better understanding, and rational engineering of natural and synthetic microbial communities.
A Review of Roof and Pond Rainwater Harvesting System: The Design, Performance and Way Forward
Authors: Zabidi Husnna Aishah , Goh Hui Weng , Chang Chun Kiat , Chan Ngai Weng , Zakaria Nor Azazi
Published: September 2020

This paper reviews the design and component of two types of RWHS, namely roof harvesting system (RHS) and pond harvesting system (PHS). The performance in terms of quantity and quality of collected rainwater and energy consumption for RWHS with different capacities were evaluated, as well as the benefits and challenges particularly in environmental, economic and social aspects. Presently, RHS is more commonly applied but its effectiveness is limited by its small scale. The PHS is of larger scale and has greater potentials and effectiveness as an alternative water supply system. Results also indicate the many advantages of PHS especially in terms of economics, environmental aspects and volume of water harvested. While RHS may be suited to individual or existing buildings, PHS has greater potentials and should be applied in newly developed urban areas with wet equatorial climate.
Heat, Heatwaves and Cardiorespiratory Hospital Admissions in Helsinki, Finland
Authors: Sohail Hasan Bin , Tiittanen Pekka , Kollanus Virpi , Schneider Alexandra , Lanki Timo
Published: September 2020

There is a lack of knowledge concerning the effects of ambient heat exposure on morbidity in Northern Europe. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationships of daily summer-time temperature and heatwaves with cardiorespiratory hospital admissions in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. Methods: Time-series models adjusted for potential confounders such as air pollution were used to investigate the associations of daily temperature and heatwaves with cause-specific cardiorespiratory hospital admissions, during summer months of 2001-2017. Daily number of hospitalizations was obtained from the national hospital discharge register, weather information from the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Results: Increased daily temperature was associated with decreased risk of total respiratory hospital admissions and asthma. Heatwave days were associated with 20.5% (95% CI: 6.9, 35.9) increased risk of pneumonia admissions and during long or intense heatwaves also with total respiratory admissions in the oldest age group (≥ 75 years). There were also suggestive positive associations between heatwave days and admissions due to myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular diseases. In contrast, risk of arrhythmia admissions was decreased 20.8% (95% CI: 8.0, 31.8) during heatwaves. Conclusions: Heatwaves, rather than single hot days, are a health threat affecting the morbidity even in a Northern climate.
Vector-focused Approaches to Curb Malaria Transmission in the Brazilian Amazon: An Overview of Current and Future Challenges and Strategies
Authors: Rocha Elerson Matos , Katak Ricardo de Melo , Campos-de-Oliveira Juan , Araujo Maisa da Silva , Carlos Bianca Cechetto , Galizi Roberto , Tripet Frederic , Marinotti Osvaldo , Souza-Neto Jayme A.
Published: September 2020

In Brazil, malaria transmission is mostly confined to the Amazon, where substantial progress has been achieved towards disease control in the past decade. Vector control has been historically considered a fundamental part of the main malaria control programs implemented in Brazil. However, the conventional vector-control tools have been insufficient to eliminate local vector populations due to the complexity of the Amazonian rainforest environment and ecological features of malaria vector species in the Amazon, especially Anopheles darlingi. Malaria elimination in Brazil and worldwide eradication will require a combination of conventional and new approaches that takes into account the regional specificities of vector populations and malaria transmission dynamics. Here we present an overview on both conventional and novel promising vector-focused tools to curb malaria transmission in the Brazilian Amazon. If well designed and employed, these new vector-based approaches may improve the implementation of malaria-control programs, particularly in remote or difficult-to-access areas and in regions where existing interventions have been unable to eliminate disease transmission. However, much effort still has to be put on research expanding the knowledge of neotropical malaria vectors to set the steppingstones for the development of such innovative tools.
Computing Maximal Lyndon Substrings of a String
Authors: Franek Frantisek , Liut Michael
Published: September 2020

There are two reasons to have an efficient algorithm for identifying all maximal Lyndon substrings of a string: firstly, Bannai et al. introduced in 2015 a linear algorithm to compute all runs of a string that relies on knowing all maximal Lyndon substrings of the input string, and secondly, Franek et al. showed in 2017 a linear equivalence of sorting suffixes and sorting maximal Lyndon substrings of a string, inspired by a novel suffix sorting algorithm of Baier. In 2016, Franek et al. presented a brief overview of algorithms for computing the Lyndon array that encodes the knowledge of maximal Lyndon substrings of the input string. Among the presented were two well-known algorithms for computing the Lyndon array: a quadratic in-place algorithm based on iterated Duval's algorithm for Lyndon factorization, and a linear algorithmic scheme based on linear suffix sorting, computing inverse suffix array, and applying to it the Next Smaller Value algorithm. Duval's algorithm works for strings over any ordered alphabet, while for linear suffix sorting, a constant or an integer alphabet is required. The authors at that time were not aware of Baier's algorithm. In 2017, our research group proposed a novel algorithm for the Lyndon array. Though the proposed algorithm is linear in the average case and has O(n log(n)) worst-case complexity, it is interesting as it emulates the fast Fourier algorithm's recursive approach and introduces tau-reduction that might be of independent interest. In 2018, we presented a linear algorithm to compute the Lyndon array of a string inspired by Phase I of Baier's algorithm for suffix sorting. This paper presents theoretical analysis of these two algorithms and provides empirical comparisons of both their C++ implementations with respect to iterated Duval's algorithm.
Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Porcine Astroviruses Reveals Novel Genetically Diverse Genotypes Circulating in East African Smallholder Pig Farms
Authors: Amimo Joshua O. , Machuka Eunice M. , Abworo Edward O. , Vlasova Anastasia N. , Pelle Roger
Published: September 2020

Astroviruses (AstVs) are occurs globally and are common causes of gastroenteritis in human and animals. The genetic diversity and epidemiology of AstVs in Africa is not well known, hence, we aimed to genetically characterize astroviruses in asymptomatic smallholder piglets in East Africa. Twenty-four samples randomly selected from 446 piglets (<6 months old), initially collected for rotavirus study, was sequenced for metagenomic analysis. Thirteen (13/24) samples had contigs with high identity to genus Mamastrovirus. Analysis of 7 strains with complete (or near complete) genome revealed variable nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities with known PoAstV strains. The U083 and K321 strains had nucleotide sequence similarities ranging from 66.4 to 75.4 % to the known PoAstV2 strains, nucleotide sequence similarity of U460 strain with known PoAstV3 ranged 57.0 to 65.1 % to the, while K062, K366, K451, and K456 strains showed nucleotide sequence similarities of 63.5 to 80 % to the known PoAstV4 strains. The low sequence identities (<90 %) indicate that novel genotypes of PoAstVs are circulating in the study area. Multiple recombination events were detected in our PoAstV4 strains, indicating that the genetic diversity observed in these strains may be due to recombination. Importantly, we identified potential candidate epitopes with conserved peptides in our PoAstV strains that could aid in the design of immune diagnosis tools and subunit vaccines. Our data provide new intuitions into the genetic structure of porcine astroviruses in East African.
Bleeding Bodies, Untrustworthy Bodies: A Social Constructionist Approach to Health and Wellbeing of Young People in Kenya
Authors: Onyango Elizabeth Opiyo , Elliott Susan J.
Published: September 2020

The Sustainable Development Goals provide a global development agenda that is meant to be inclusive of all people. However, the development needs for vulnerable populations such as youth are not reflected within the policy agenda of some developing countries. One of the reasons for this is that research that explores health and wellbeing concerns for young people are sparse in the region and where they exist, the focus has been on marginalized subgroups. To address this gap, this cross-sectional study explored the health and wellbeing of youth in Kenya. We conducted 10 focus group discussions and 13 in-depth interviews with youth ages 15 to 24 years. A thematic analysis of the data revealed that structural factors are important influencers of youth perceptions and their social constructions of health and wellbeing. Kenyan youth are concerned about the health status and healthcare services in their communities, as well as issues of community trust of youths and perceived risks of political misuse and emotional suffering. Our findings suggest that youth transitioning into adulthood in resource constrained areas experience feelings of being powerless and unable to take charge over their own life. This impacts how they perceive and socially construct health and wellbeing.
PPMaP: Reproducible and Extensible Open-Source Software for Plant Phenological Phase Duration Prediction and Mapping
Authors: Tonnang Henri E. Z. , Guimapi Ritter A. , Anani Bruce , Makumbi Dan , Mudereri Bester , Balemi Tesfaye , Craufurd Peter
Published: September 2020

Understanding the detailed timing of crop phenology and their variability enhances grain yield and quality by providing precise scheduling of irrigation, fertilization, and crop protection mechanisms. Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) provide a unique opportunity to develop agriculture-related tools that enhance wall-to-wall upscaling of data outputs from point-location data to wide-area spatial scales. Because of the heterogeneity of the worldwide agro-ecological zones where crops are cultivated, it is unproductive to perform plant phenology research without providing means to upscale results to landscape-level while safeguarding field-scale relevance. This paper presents an advanced, reproducible, and open-source software for plant phenology prediction and mapping (PPMaP) that inputs data obtained from multi-location field experiments to derive models for any crop variety. This information can then be applied consecutively at a localized grid within a spatial framework to produce plant phenology predictions at the landscape level. This software supports the development of process-oriented and temperature-driven plant phenology models by intuitively and interactively leading the user through a step-by-step progression to the production of spatial maps for any region of interest. Maize (Zea mays L.) was used to demonstrate the robustness, versatility, and high computing efficiency of the resulting modeling outputs of the PPMaP. The framework is implemented in R, providing a flexible and easy‐to‐use GUI interface. Since this allows appropriate scaling to the larger spatial domain, the software can effectively be used to determine the spatially explicit length of growing period (LGP) of any variety.
Antioxidant and Reduced Skin Ageing Effects of A Polyphenol-Enriched Dietary Supplement in Response to Air Pollution: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Nobile Vincenzo , Schiano Irene , Peral Ana , Giardina Silvana , Sparta Eleanora , Caturla Nuria
Published: September 2020

Repeated air pollution exposure is one of the major threats to skin health. Air pollution causes skin damage and accelerates skin ageing mainly through oxidative stress mechanisms. Since it is difficult to minimize skin exposure from air pollutants, especially in urban areas, strategies to protect the skin are needed. On the other hand, plant phenolic compounds have been found to be effective in attenuating cellular oxidative stress and inflammation induced by different air pollutants. Therefore, we conducted a 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind study to assess the efficacy of a polyphenol-enriched dietary supplement (comprised of olive leaf, lemon verbena, rosemary and Sophora japonica extracts) in reducing pollution-induced oxidative stress and in improving different skin parameters related to skin ageing of Caucasian and Asian volunteers living in a polluted urban European area (Milan). One hundred healthy women were recruited and randomized in the placebo or in the test dietary supplement treatment arms. To assess the efficacy of the dietary supplement, the total antioxidant capacity on saliva (FRAP) was determined, as well as the oxidative damage on skin (lipoperoxides content), the skin moisture (corneometry), the trans-epidermal water loss (Tewameter), the skin radiance and the skin colour, (spectrophotometry), the skin elasticity (cutometry), the skin sebum content (sebumeter), and the skin roughness (image analysis). As a result, both inter-group and intra-group analysis proved that the dietary supplement improved all clinical and biochemical monitored parameters, in both Caucasian and Asian individuals. In conclusion, the results of the study indicate a reduced oxidative stress-induced skin damage in both Asian and Caucasian women living in a polluted urban area.
Vulnerable Road Users Classification of Smartphone Sensors Data Using Deep Transfer Learning
Authors: Elhenawy Mohammed , Ashqar Huthaifa , Masoud Mahmoud , Almannaa Mohammed , Rakotonirainy Andry , Rakha Hesham A.
Published: September 2020

As the Autonomous Vehicle (AV) industry is rapidly advancing, classification of non-motorized (vulnerable) road users (VRUs) becomes essential to ensure their safety and to smooth operation of road applications. The typical practice of non-motorized road users’ classification usually takes numerous training time and ignores the temporal evolution and behavior of the signal. In this research effort, we attempt to detect VRUs with high accuracy be proposing a novel framework that includes using Deep Transfer Learning, which saves training time and cost, to classify images constructed from Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) that reflect the temporal dynamics and behavior of the signal. Recurrence Plots (RPs) were constructed from low-power smartphone sensors without using GPS data. The resulted RPs were used as inputs for different pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifiers including constructing 227×227 images to be used for AlexNet and SqueezeNet; and constructing 224×224 images to be used for VGG16 and VGG19. Results show that the classification accuracy of Convolutional Neural Network Transfer Learning (CNN-TL) reaches 98.70%, 98.62%, 98.71%, and 98.71% for AlexNet, SqueezeNet, VGG16, and VGG19, respectively. The results of the proposed framework outperform other results in the literature (to the best of our knowledge) and show that using CNN-TL is promising for VRUs classification. Because of its relative straightforwardness, ability to be generalized and transferred, and potential high accuracy, we anticipate that this framework might be able to solve various problems related to signal classification.
Performance of GLASS WOOL FIBERS in ASPHALT CONCRETE Mixtures
Authors: Mrema Agathon Honest , Noh Si-Hyeon , Lee Jae-Jun , Kwon Oh-Sun
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, in order to improve asphalt pavement performance, durability and reduce environmental pollution caused by asphalt binder, many researchers are studying to modify asphalt concrete (AC) and find alternative paving materials to extend service life of asphalt pavement. One of the successful materials used in a modification of AC are fibers. Different types of fibers have been reinforced in AC mixture and improvements have been observed.
This research studies the performance of glass wool fiber reinforced in a dense-graded asphalt mixture. Generally, glass fibers are known to have excellent mechanical properties such as high tensile modulus, 100% elastic recovery and a very high tolerance to heat. The glass wool fibers are commonly used as a thermal insulation material. In this research to evaluate the performance of glass wool fiber in AC, laboratory tests Marshall mix design test, Indirect tensile strength (IDT), Tensile strength ratio (TSR) and Kim test were conducted to determine a proper mix design, tensile properties, moisture susceptibility, rutting and fatigue behaviors. Results show that addition of glass wool fibers does affect the properties of AC mixture. The use of glass wool fibers showed a positive consistence results, in which it improved the moisture susceptibility and rutting resistance of the AC. Also result showed addition of fiber increased tensile strength and toughness which indicates that fibers have a potential to resist distresses that occur on a surface of the road as a result of heavy traffic loading. The overall results showed that addition of glass wool fiber in AC mixture is beneficial in improving properties of AC pavements.
Clinical Trials and Reductionist Approach Preclude Cures for Chronic Diseases Due to Flawed Presumptions
Authors: Wu Jianqing , Zha Ping
Published: September 2020

Modern medicine adopted four presumptions when it evolved from ancient experienced-based mind-body medicine. To understand its failure in finding cures for chronic diseases, we examined four presumptions, and found that statistical population of health properties does not exist for most research purposes, mathematical models are misused to model intensive properties, synthetic drugs are inherently more dangerous than nature-made medicines under their respective application conditions, and reductionist treatments are inferior and inherently dangerous. We found that clinical trials are valid only for research where treatment effect is much stronger than the total effects of all interfering or co-causal factors or errors introduced by misused mathematical models can be tolerated. In all other situations, clinical trials introduce excessive errors and fail to detect treatment effects, or produce biased, incorrect or wrong results. We further found that chronic diseases are manifestation of small departures in multiple process attributes in distinctive personal biological pathways networks, that modern medicine lacks required accuracy for accurately characterizing chronic diseases, and that reductionist treatments are good at controlling symptoms and safe for short term uses. For all stated reasons, as long as modern medicine continues relying on the flawed presumptions, it can never find predictable cures for chronic diseases. By implication, predictable cures to chronic diseases are adjustments to lifestyle, dietary, emotional, and environmental factors to slowly correct departures in process attributes responsible for chronic diseases.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Dan Motivasi Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Mata Pelajaran IPS Siswa SMP YPM 6 Tarik Sidoarjo
Authors: Wahyono Nanang
Published: September 2020

Liquit Crystal Display (LCD) is frequently as either computer monitor or notebook. Laptop connected projector can be an interesting learning medium. Display on the screen is wide enough at about 2 x 2 meter, is suitable use to a big groups. The combination between laptop and LCD projector can present massage at learning method based on prepare design. Massage design can be audio, dtill visual, moving visual, audio moving visual; audio with colorfull display the students are interested in learning process. This research use an explanatory research approach. The research population SMP YPM 6 Tarik Kabupaten Sidoarjo, using 64 students samples which meanc that 20% from the whole 314 student. The used sampling method is random sampling proportional technique. The method using the previous data sampling has undergone validaty and reliability test which involve 25 students of SMP YPM 6 Tarik Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Meanwhile, data analysis technique uses double linier regression, with the assistance of SPSS versi 16.00. Base on the result of research done by the writer about the influence of the usage of LCD projector in indicator process and learning motivation towards student subject achievement of SMP YPM 6 Tarik Kabupaten Sidoarjo can be concluded that there is signifivant influence achievement between the usage of LCD projector toward social subject achievement of SMP YPM 6 Tarik Kabupaten Sidoarjo. And also there is a simultaneous significant influence between the usage of LCD projector and the student’s learning motivation toward social subject achievement of SMP YPM 6 Tarik Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Therefore, from this research the writer suggest that the social subject teachers of SMP YPM 6 Tarik Kabupaten Sidoarjo had better use learning medium variously either using LCD projector or improving the student’s spirit in the various efforts to improve the student’s study achievement.
Metode Problem Solving, Minat Belajar, dan Pengalaman Belajar terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis
Authors: Rokhman  , Ni'matullah Onik Farida
Published: September 2020

Problem solving learning model is a learning approach that presents problems as an initial foundation to build students' critical thinking skills by skillfully solving problems. The problem presented is a problem that has a context with the real world, so it is able to encourage students to think actively in accordance with the experiences they have experienced. Researchers chose Cluster II SDN Lumbang Subdistrict Pasuruan Regency as a place of research, because with the consideration that the school had never done research, especially social studies subjects. The purpose of this study is to find out: (1) The effect of problem solving learning methods on critical thinking skills, (2) The influence of learning interest on critical thinking skills, (3) The effect of learning experiences on critical thinking skills, and (4) The influence of problem solving learning methods, interest in learning, learning experiences on critical thinking skills. This type of research is quantitative research. Variables determining learning problem solving, learning interest, learning experiences, and critical thinking skills. The study population consisted of 158 students, while the sample was 113 students. Data collection techniques using questionnaires. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The results showed that simultaneously and partially Problem Solving Learning Method, Learning Interest, Learning Experience affect Critical Thinking Ability
Penampilan Produksi Kelinci Fase Pertumbuhan Menggunakan Wafer Ransum Komplit Berbahan Tepung Inti Biji Karet
Authors: Harahap Anwar Efendi Harahap , Rasmi Ade Septika , Hidayati Hidayati
Published: September 2020

Rubber seed is agricultural waste can used for alternatif feed. Rubber seed use not enough for make ends meet rabbit, additional feed is needed to complete it to mix the ingredient needed technology, technology that can be used, one of which is wafers.  This study aims to determine the performance of the growth phase of rabbit production by using a complete wafer ration with the addition of 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% rubber seed core flour. Observations made in this study were body weight gain, ration consumtion, ration conversion, and feed costs. This study using completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of 4 treatments and 3 replications.  Addition of rubber seed flour in ingredients not significantly up to the level of 9% the production performance of male local rabbits in the growth phase seen from ration consumtion, body weight gain, ration consumtion, and ration conversion. High feed cost is found in the addition of 3% of rubber seed core flour and the lowest feed cost is found in the addition of 9% of rubber seed core flour.
La actividad profesional del traductor en el ámbito del comercio exterior en el Perú
Authors: Arévalo-Montoya Ralph , Cordova-Bernuy Rossemarie Elie
Published: September 2020

El objetivo general de este estudio es describir la actividad profesional del traductor en el ámbito del comercio exterior en el Perú mediante los siguientes tres objetivos específicos: describir las actividades de los participantes para realizar la traducción comercial, describir las competencias que desarrollan a fin de traducir y describir el estatus del traductor profesional percibido en este ámbito. Por tanto, se parte de un enfoque cualitativo situado en el paradigma interpretativo. A partir de un muestreo no probabilístico, hubo 13 participantes entre traductoras profesionales de planta, traductores profesionales independientes y profesionales bilingües, a los que se les practicaron entrevistas. Se formularon tres guías de entrevistas semiestructuradas, en las que hubo preguntas sobre la profesión, la direccionalidad, la especialización en comercio exterior, el tiempo de servicio y el tipo y el rubro de empresa de comercio exterior de los participantes. Con respecto a los resultados, obtenidos, en cuanto a las actividades se encontró que las traductoras de planta realizaban otras tareas aparte de la traducción, lo que les permitió crecer personal y profesionalmente. Por otra parte, en lo relacionado a las competencias, los traductores profesionales consideraron conveniente llevar cursos de especialización en este ámbito a fin de tener mayor facilidad para traducir. Por último, en lo relativo al estatus, los traductores profesionales consideraron que la traducción todavía no es una profesión valorada y, en algunas empresas del ámbito comercial, se prefiere que los profesionales bilingües realicen las traducciones del ámbito con la finalidad de reducir costos.
Motivação para atuação no voluntariado: estudo de caso em uma organização não-governamental
Authors: Rodrigues Edson , Rodrigues Luana , Pinho Ana Paula Moreno
Published: September 2020

O voluntariado tem impactado diversas áreas da sociedade, constituindo-se um importante movimento civil. Para isso, o voluntário, indivíduo que atua sem remuneração, recebendo recompensas intangíveis, é essencial. Assim, este estudo busca analisar os fatores que motivam os membros de uma organização não-governamental de Fortaleza (Ceará) a atuarem no voluntariado. O tema encontra relevância à medida que essas organizações necessitam ampliar sua atuação e, quanto mais conhecem as motivações dos indivíduos, melhor podem pensar suas estratégias de gestão. Com base no modelo proposto por Gemelli (2015) e estruturada a partir de um estudo de caso, esta pesquisa apostou na triangulação metodológica para coleta de dados. Os resultados apontam que todas as categorias – pessoal, social, profissional e ideológica – se manifestam entre os voluntários. Os fatores de ordem pessoal se destacam, com ênfase na “satisfação pessoal” e no “desejo de ser útil”. Por outro lado, motivações de ordem profissional não se mostraram relevantes.

 

Palavras-Chave: Motivação, Voluntariado, Trabalho voluntário, Terceiro Setor, Organização não-governamental.
Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and stigma related to latent tuberculosis infection: a qualitative study among Eritreans in the Netherlands
Authors: Spruijt Ineke , Haile Dawit Tesfay , Hof Susan van den , Fiekert Kathy , Jansen Niesje , Jerene Degu , Klinkenberg Eveline , Leimane Ieva , Suurmond Jeanine
Published: September 2020

Background: Tailored and culturally appropriate latent tuberculosis (TB) infection screening and treatment programs, including interventions against TB stigma, are needed to reduce TB incidence in low TB incidence countries. However, we lack insights in stigma related to latent TB infection (LTBI) among target groups, such as asylum seekers and refugees. We therefore studied knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and stigma associated with LTBI among Eritrean asylum seekers and refugees in the Netherlands.Methods: We used convenience sampling to interview adult Eritrean asylum seekers and refugees: 26 semi-structured group interviews following TB and LTBI related health education and LTBI screening, and 31 semi-structured individual interviews with Eritreans during or after completion of LTBI treatment (November 2016-May 2018). We used a thematic analysis to identify, analyse and report patterns in the data.Results: Despite TB/LTBI education, misconceptions embedded in cultural beliefs about TB transmission and prevention persisted. Fear of getting infected with TB was the cause of reported enacted (isolation and gossip) and anticipated (concealment of treatment and self-isolation) stigma by participants on LTBI treatment. Conclusion: The inability to differentiate LTBI from TB disease and consequent fear of getting infected by persons with LTBI led to enacted and anticipated stigma comparable to stigma related to TB disease among Eritreans. Additional to continuous culturally sensitive education activities, TB prevention programs should implement evidence-based interventions reducing stigma at all phases in the LTBI screening and treatment cascade.
Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Murarkar Sujata Kapil , Gothankar Jayashree Sachin , Doke Prakash , Pore Prasad , Lalwani Sanjay , Dhumale Girish , Quraishi Sanjay , Patil Reshma Sudhir , Waghachavare Vivek , Dhobale Randhir , Rasote Kirti , Palkar Sonali , Malshe Nandini
Published: September 2020

Background Undernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem.Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas.Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. Results The mean age of the children was 2.38 years (±SD 1.36) and mean age of mothers was 24.25 years (± SD 6.37).Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9 %, wasting was 17.1% and 35.4% children were underweight.Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding(p<0.001) and acute diarrhea (p=0.001) were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were associated with stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p<0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight. Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding(p<0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p<0.05) and type of family(p<0.05)were associated with stunting,and low income of the family(p<0.05) was associated with underweight.Conclusions Factors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding ,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community.Trial registration-This article is part of baseline data of the project, hence not related to trial registration. After baseline data principal investigator had done trial registration retrospectively.
Development And Validation Of A New Method For Visual Acuity Assesment On Tablet In Pediatric Population: eMOVA Test
Authors: STOLL NOEMIE , Foggia Elsa Di , Speeg-Schatz Claude , Meunier Hélène , Rimele Adam , Ance Pascal , Moreau Pierre-Henri , Sauer Arnaud
Published: September 2020

IntroductionAmblyopia is a major public health concern. Its screening and management require reliable methods of visual acuity assessment. New technologies offer nowadays many tests available on different app stores for smartphone or tablet but most of them often lack of scientific validation for a medical use. The aim of our study was to attempt validating a tablet-based visual acuity test adapted to the pediatric population: the eMOVA test (electronic Measurement Of Visual Acuity) by comparing visual acuity measured with more conventional test.MethodsA cohort of 100 children aged 3 to 8 attending the ophthalmic-pediatric for eye examination between September 2016 and June 2017 were included in the study. Near visual acuity was assessed on participants using both the eMOVA test and a Standard test (Rossano-Weiss test). Duration of each test, its comprehension, its acceptability and the attention of the child during the test was also investigated.ResultsThe eMOVA test overestimated visual acuity by 0.06 logMAR. This difference, statistically significant, was not clinically relevant. The duration of the eMOVA test was longer than the reference test, but less painful and preferred by children and their parents compared to standard tests.ConclusionThe eMOVA test appears as a reliable test to assess near visual acuity in children. By its portability and efficiency, this application proved to be a relevant tool to be used for children eye examination in daily routine at the hospital.
Socio-cultural and economic barriers, and facilitators influencing men’s involvement in antenatal care including HIV testing: A qualitative study from urban Blantyre, Malawi
Authors: Sakala Doreen , Kumwenda Moses K. , Conserve Donaldson F. , Ebenso Bassey , Choko Augustine Talumba
Published: September 2020

Background Male partner involvement in antenatal care (ANC) is associated with positive maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, only a handful of men attend ANC with their partners. This study aimed to understand the underlying barriers and facilitators influencing men’s ANC attendance including HIV testing in Blantyre, Malawi.Methods Data were collected during a formative qualitative study of a cluster-randomised trial. Six focus group discussions (FGDs) with 42 men and women and 20 in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted at three primary health centres in urban Blantyre, Malawi. FGD participants were purposively sampled with IDI participants subsequently sampled after FGD participation. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.Results The economic requirement to provide for their families exerted pressure on men and often negatively affected their decision to attend ANC together with their pregnant partners despite obvious benefits. Peer pressure and the fear to be seen by peers queueing for services at ANC, an environment traditionally viewed as a space for women and children made men feel treated as trespassers and with some level of hostility rendering them feeling emasculated when they attend ANC. Health system problems associated with overall organization of the ANC services, which favours women created resistance among men to be involved. An association between ANC and HIV testing services discouraged men from attending ANC because of their fear of testing HIV-positive in the presence of their partners. The availability of a male friendly clinic offering a private, quick, supportive/sensitive and flexible service was considered to be an important incentive that would facilitate male men’s ANC attendance. Men described compensation to cover transport and opportunity cost for attending the clinic as a motivator to attending ANC services and accepting an HIV test. Conclusion Peer and economic influences were the most influential barriers of men attending ANC and testing for HIV with their pregnant partners. Addressing these socio-economic barriers and having a male friendly clinic are promising interventions to promote male ANC attendance in this setting.
Health status of female Moldovan immigrants to Italy by health literacy level and age group
Authors: Vianello Francesca Alice , Zaccagnini Federica , Pinato Carlo , Maculan Pietro , Buja Alessandra
Published: September 2020

Background: Migration flows from Eastern Europe to Italy have been large and continue to grow. The purpose of this study was to examine the health status of a population of Moldovan immigrant women, and their access to health care services in northern Italy, by age group and health literacy level. Methods: We administered an ad-hoc questionnaire to adult Moldovan women. A bivariate analysis was conducted to test the association between health literacy and age groups with other variables ( lifestyles, symptoms and diseases, access to health services). A stepwise logistic regression analysis was run to test the association between access to primary care and health literacy. Moreover, the study compare Moldovan women data with a sample of Italian women of the same age range living in North-Eastern region. Results: Our sample included 170 Moldovan women (aged 46.5 ± 12.3) in five occupational categories: home care workers (28.2%); cleaners (27.1%); health care workers (5.9%); other occupations (28.8%); and unemployed (10%). Active smokers were twice as prevalent among the women with a low health literacy. Health literacy level also determined access to primary healthcare services. For all age groups, the Moldovan sample reported a higher prevalence of allergies, lumbar disorders and depression than the Italian controls. Conclusions: The reported prevalence of some diseases was higher among Moldovan immigrant women than among Italian resident women. Health literacy was associated with the immigrant women’s lifestyle and the use of primary health care services, as previously seen for the autochthonous population.
The Impact of Stage of Labor on Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Multiparous Women: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Li , Wang Hongxia , Jia Lu , Qing Wenjie , Li Fan , Zhou Jie
Published: September 2020

Background: The correlation between stage of labor and adverse delivery outcomes has been widely studied. Most of studies focused on nulliparous women, it was not very clear what impact the stage of labor duration had on multiparous women.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among all the multiparous women of cephalic, term, singleton births, who planned vaginal delivery. The total stage of labor covered the first stage and the second stage in this study, and they were divided into subgroups. Adverse maternal outcomes were defined as referral cesarean delivery, instrumental delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, perineal laceration (III and IV degree), hospitalization stay ≥90th, and adverse neonatal outcomes as NICU, shoulder dystocia, Apgar score ≤7(5 min), neonatal resuscitation, assisted ventilation required immediately after delivery. Results: There were 7109 parturients included in this study. The duration of first stage was 6.2(3.6-10.0) hours, the second stage was 0.3(0.2-0.7) hour, the total stage was 6.9(4.1-10.7) hours in multiparous women. At the first stage, the rates of overall adverse outcome were 21%, 23.4%, 28.8%, 35.5%, 38.4% in subgroups <6h, 6-11.9h, 12-17.9h, 18-23.9h, ≥24h, which increased significantly (X2=57.64, P<0.001), and ARR (95% CI) were 1.10 (0.92,1.31), 1.33 (1.04,1.70), 1.80 (1.21,2.68), 2.57 (1.60,4.15) compared with subgroup <6h (ARR=1); At the second stage, the rates of overall adverse outcome were 20.0%, 30.7%, 38.5%, 61.2%, 69.6% in subgroups <1h, 1-1.9h, 2-2.9h, 3-3.9h, ≥4h (X2=349.70, P<0.001), and ARR (95% CI) were 1.89 (1.50, 2.39), 2.22 (1.55, 3.18), 10.64 (6.09, 18.59), 11.75 (6.55, 21.08) compared with subgroup <1h (ARR=1)). At the total stage, the rates of overall adverse outcome were 21.5%, 30.8%, 42.4% in subgroups <12h, 12-23.9h, ≥24h (X2=84.90, P<0.001), and ARR (95% CI) were 1.41 (1.16,1.72), 3.17 (2.10,4.80) compared with subgroup <12h (ARR=1).Conclusions: The prolonged stage of labor may lead to increased adverse outcomes in multiparous women, it was an independent risk factor of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Giving syphilis and gonorrhea to friends: Using in-person friendship networks to find additional cases of gonorrhea and syphilis
Authors: Rosenbaum Janet E. , Jennings Jacky , Ellen Jonathan , Borkovic Laurel , Scott Jo-Ann , Wylie Charleen , Rompalo Anne
Published: September 2020

Background: Syphilis and gonorrhea reached an all-time high in 2018. The resurgence of syphilis and gonorrhea requires innovative methods of sexual contact tracing that encourage disclosure of same-sex sexual contacts that might otherwise be suppressed. Over 75% of Grindr mobile phone application users report seeking “friendship,” so this study asked people diagnosed with syphilis and gonorrhea to identify their friends. Methods: Patients at the two Baltimore sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics and the Baltimore City Health Department were asked 12 questions to elicit members of their friendship networks before eliciting sexual networks. The study included 353 index cases and 172 friendship contacts, yielding a friendship network of 331 non-isolates (n=331) and sexual-only network of 140 non-isolates. The data were plotted and analyzed using exponential family random graph analysis. Results: Eliciting respondents’ in-person social contacts yielded 12 syphilis cases and 6 gonorrhea cases in addition to the 16 syphilis cases and 4 gonorrhea cases that would have been found with sexual contacts alone. Syphilis is clustered within sexual (odds ratio=2.2, 95% confidence interval (1.36, 3.66)) and social contacts (OR=1.31, 95% CI (1.02, 1.68)). Gonorrhea is clustered within reported social (OR=1.56, 95% CI (1.22, 2.00)) but not sexual contacts (OR=0.98, 95% CI (0.62, 1.53)). Conclusions: Eliciting friendship networks of people diagnosed with syphilis and gonorrhea may find members of their sexual networks, drug use networks, or people of similar STI risk. Friendship networks include more diagnosed cases of syphilis and gonorrhea than sexual networks alone, especially among populations with many non-disclosing men who have sex with men (MSM) and women who have sex with women (WSW). Future research should evaluate whether this friendship network method of contact tracing can be implemented by adapting automated mobile phone COVID-19 contact tracing protocols, if these COVID-19 contact tracing methods are able to maintain anonymity and public trust.