bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arctic transportation systems during World War II
Authors: Krasnozhenova E E , Kulik S V , Lokhova T V
Published: January 2020

The Lend-Lease program was the main international project on freight logistics in the Arctic during World War II. Delivering military and food supplies from the Allies became the key aspect of collaboration between the USSR, UK and USA. The Northern Sea Route was one of the main Lend-Lease transportation modes, allowing to deliver approximately 22.7% of all supplies to the USSR. The supplies mostly consisted of non-military goods (e.g. food), while military goods were presented by a smaller portion. Northern Sea Route was passing through the Norwegian and Barents Seas to Arkhangelsk and Murmansk. Even though it was relatively short, Northern Sea Route had some significant disadvantages. For instance, ships carrying supplies from the Allies would encounter with Nazi aviation and fleet based in Norway and Finland in a combat zone. The Soviet Union had to improve harbours’ infrastructure in Arkhangelsk and Murmansk to increase its capacity, which would require various transportation means including icebreakers and tugs, as well as handling equipment and workforce. Moreover, the Arctic convoys had to endure severe weather conditions, as hurricanes and tidal waves in autumn, polar night and drift ice in winter. Nevertheless, the Northern Sea Route played a vital strategic role as the main transportation system for the Soviet Union in 1941-1942, the most difficult period of World War II.
The Arctic and the Northeast Passage in History, Fiction, Culture and Political Science
Authors: Alekhina N V , Andrianova M D , Stepantseva O A , Uspenskaya A V
Published: January 2020

The article traces the thousand-year history of the development and settlement of the Arctic, noted the most important research and expedition. Territorial disputes and attempts to redraw Arctic borders begin to intensify with the onset of the 20th Century. The issue of the territorial partition of the Arctic in the late 20th and the early 21st century is particularly acute, as the possession of Arctic territories gives control over the Northeast Passage and a superior right to extract minerals, a large the number of which is concentrated in the Arctic shelf. Besides, it is here that almost half of the world’s fish products are produced. The article also examines the understanding of the Arctic as an ancestral Russian territory in Russian literature, which in many ways forms mass consciousness.
Approaches to Assess the Impact of Global Trends of International Logistics Companies’ Activities
Authors: Afonichkina E A , Teplaya K V , Bolshakova A V , Krasnozhenova E E , Safonova A S
Published: January 2020

Transportation holds an important position in the context of global economy and international business, as its use is necessary to create interconnections and new processes within various economic systems. The following factors are to be taken into account in order to increase demand for transportation services: economic growth, increase in production and sales, rise in profitability, globalization, integration of international markets and emergence of new approaches to logistics itself. There is a need to increase efficiency and competitiveness of transportation services. The parties involved in the process have to solve the problems concerning their technological, technical and commercial interaction. To provide the organizations engaged in transportation with an opportunity to perform their functions in a qualitative manner, there is also a need to form market segments of transportation services. The steady growth of foreign trade between countries, the increasing influence of global economic processes on the activities of firms provide for the logistics companies to seek the ways to cut costs and to build up competitive advantages. The analysis of export and import statistics shows an increase in foreign trade between the European and Asian countries which makes it necessary to draw attention of logistics companies to new, “faster” transport corridors. The Northern Sea Route is now under close scrutiny by many countries, even outside the pool of circumpolar states. The authors developed certain stages of assessment of the impact of global trends on the activities of international logistics companies within the framework of the problem under study.
Prospects for Alternative Energy Sources in Global Energy Sector
Authors: Dyatlov S A , Didenko N I , Ivanova E A , Soshneva E B , Kulik S V
Published: January 2020

The paper aims to reveal the prospects for the development of global energy sector and to look into the prospects for alternative energy sources in the world power industry. The paper provides the analysis of oil and gas (natural, liquefied, shale) production and transportation in the medium term. We define the conditions and the main factors of providing energy security as well as overcoming energy poverty of national economies. For the purpose of energy diversification, we identify the directions and the potential for the use of alternative energy sources and the possibility to step up development of alternative energy. On the basis of statistics, the paper demonstrates that the use of alternative fuels (hydrogen, biofuel, solar and wind energy, tidal energy) has not yet resulted in a significant decrease in the demand for oil, gas and other traditional energy sources. It is noted that offshore Arctic gas development is gradually increasing. Data on Arctic seas gas resources are provided. Geopolitical, financial, economic and environmental risks on the world energy markets are classified.
Analysis of the influence of information and communication technologies on the development of transport and logistics activities in the regions of the Arctic zone of the RF
Authors: Naumova O N , Ivanova E A , Prischepa A.S. , Soshnev A N , Fedyukovsky A A
Published: January 2020

The paper describes the features of the development of transport and logistics activities in the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The main factor of successful logistics activities is the level of development of information and communication technologies that ensure necessary coordination of participants in logistics activities. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the ICT development in the regions of the Arctic zone of the RF and concludes that the development of the transport and logistics system in the regions of the Arctic zone of the RF is determined by the level of ICTs.
The Northern Sea Route: Is There Any Chance to Become the International Transport Corridor?
Authors: Skripnuk D F , Kikkas K N , Bobodzhanova L K , Lobatyuk V V , A Kudryavtseva R-E
Published: January 2020

The paper analyzes the potential of the Northern Sea Route as the international transport corridor. The Northern Sea Route is the shortest waterway between Northern Europe and Southeast Asia. The role of maritime transportation in international trade has been analyzed. The dynamics of changes in the global volume of service export involving maritime transportation demonstrates a positive trend. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of international transport corridors and requirements of participants of international goods distribution applicable to them, the necessary terms and conditions that the international transport corridor must comply with have been formulated. They include: a long-distance international transportation line; types of transport that meet the requirements of international standards; availability of technical means of transport, information, and maintenance service, international legal instruments of transportation. The conclusion on the potential compliance of the Northern Sea Route with the requirements of the international transport corridor is based on the following: The Northern Sea Route meets the requirements of a long-distance transportation line; it is connected with railway transport systems and this connection is being developed; an icebreaking fleet and port infrastructure are being developed; technical means to ensure security are being created and modernized…
Modeling the thermal process using the temperature functional by electron beam welding
Authors: Seregin Yu N , Kurashkin S O
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of mathematical modeling of the thermal process when the AMG-6 alloy is heated to energy sources equivalent to an electron beam in electron beam welding. The analysis of the results was carried out using the functional proposed by the authors. We develop the algorithm for searching for the optimal technological regime of electron beam welding, which can be recommended for testing the EBW technology of new construction materials or improving the existing old technological processes and the results of calculations, is proposed. As an example, the results of modeling the parameters of the technological process for welding a plate with a thickness of 2.4 cm from the AMG-6 material are given, which were compared with experiments conducted in laboratory conditions.
Evaluation of storage and functioning characteristics of artificial neural networks on the basis of a neurocomputer device
Authors: Romanchuk V A
Published: January 2020

A solution to the problem of evaluating the temporal and quantitative characteristics of the storage and processing of artificial neural networks based on a neurocomputer device is proposed. The most popular and used topologies of artificial neural networks are considered, for which analytical relationships are presented that allow evaluating the training cycle of an artificial neural network, the amount of memory needed and the amount of transmitted data. The proposed relationships differ in that approaches and characteristics unique to neuroprocessor devices are offered for evaluation when implementing the calculations presented in the neural network logical basis.
Orthogonal code symbols’ synchronization in communication systems
Authors: Rabin A V
Published: January 2020

The objective of the article consists in a development and a research of the offered by the author orthogonal coding as a way of noise immunity’s increase using the example of the information communication systems with phase-shift keying. The orthogonal coding is an analogue of convolutional coding over the rational numbers’ field. Properties of orthogonality of proposed codes allow to strengthen significance of useful signal with simultaneous weakening of influence of noise. The orthogonal coding allows to provide the required quality of communication with a smaller energy cost. The main attention is paid to an actual problem of synchronization of signals in combination with orthogonal codes.
The effect of the PCB solder mask type of the hull outer surface of the CubeSat 3U on its thermal regime
Authors: Gorev V N , Kozlov A A , Prokopyev V Yu , Prokopyev Yu M , Stuf A S , Sidorchuk A A
Published: January 2020

Rather simple methods to measure the absorbed solar radiation coefficients and IR radiation, as well as optical coefficients measured by these methods for the construction materials of microsatellites and PCB coated with different solder masks are presented. The calculating results of the satellite’s thermal conditions for different PCB solder masks at the satellite outer surface are given. The thermal model is implemented on the orbital motion and insolation calculating algorithm basis, which developed in Matlab Simulink. A CubeSat 3U type satellite with foldable solar panels is considered as an example.
Analysis of static loading of meshing in planetary cycloid gear
Authors: Artyomov I I , Tchufistov E A , Tchufistov O E
Published: January 2020

A main feature of planetary cycloid gears is multi-pair contact of pin-rollers and teeth of cycloidal disk. The use of schemes with great number of parallel contacts requires adoption of measures to ensuring of assembly of toothed wheels by introducing into design of pliable elements or guaranteed gaps in contacts. On basis of discrete model of force interaction of gearing elements of planetary cycloid gear the article proposes a decision of problem of gaps effect in gearing to load distribution at contact pairs. Analysis of effect of output moment, resource and operating modes of gear on forces in contact is performed. Effect of stiffness of gearing elements on size of contact zone and forces acting in gearing is shown. Law of change of forces acting in gearing in operating gear, taking into account errors of its manufacturing is established. It is shown that during the gear operation there is a continuous change of forces in contact pairs, accompanied by a rearrangement of contact zones at certain angles of rotation. The presented decision can be used, including for analysis of options for ensuring acceptable values of maximum loads due to increasing accuracy of manufacturing of gearing elements or using constructions with increased pliability.
Development of an improved coaxial cell for measuring the shielding effectiveness of materials
Authors: Demakov A V , Komnatnov M E
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results of the development of a coaxial cell for measuring shielding effectiveness of composite materials. The basis for the design of the cell was a model of a coaxial transmission line with air filling, which was obtained using full wave analysis and parametric optimization and is characterized by a maximum reflection coefficient |S11| less than -20 dB in the frequency range up to 10 GHz. Based on the results of modeling and optimization, an improved design of the cell for SE measuring is presented, which differs from standardized cells in a simplified assembly with the material located inside and providing measurements also in the low-frequency region.
Design features of hybrid bearings with adjustable stiffness
Authors: Polyakov R N , Kornaev A V , Bondarenko M E , Shutin D V
Published: January 2020

The article considers a mathematical model of a combined bearing assembly, operating on the principle of separation of speeds. The features of the influence of the switching mechanism on the dynamic stiffness coefficients of the bearing assembly are established, the effect of the appearance of resonance on transient conditions is revealed, recommendations are made on the detuning of the rotor-support system from the resonance zone.
Methods of assessing the efficiency of the foundry industrial marketing
Authors: Fedorova N V , Dzhioeva N N , Kukartsev V V , Dalisova N A , Ogol A R , Tynchenko V S
Published: January 2020

It is investigated subtleties of the “efficiency” term for clear reflecting the meaning of considering methods for assessing the foundry marketing at the present stage. There is creating classification of modern methods of assessing the efficiency of the marketing as well as recognizing directions and indicators of assessing a level of foundry marketing efficiency. It is stepwise investigated different approaches of assessing the marketing efficiency included different nuances or limitations. There is considering both estimation qualitative methods and quantitative methods for including the whole fullness of modern approaches. Also it is supposed to use the marketing informational system as the one of possible ways for assessing the marketing efficiency. Further, it is studied a way at which it uses questionnaire where the inclusion of information is revealed in details. Tactical and strategical aspects of foundry are compared. It is investigated the meaning of the marketing and its subtleties. It is studied the qualitative assessment of the marketing and the marketing competence.
Mathematical models for determining the boundaries of forest areas unstable to the appearance of insects using satellite data (MODIS)
Authors: Kovalev A A , Ivanova Yu D , Sukhovolskiy A A , Volkov V E , Sukhovolskiy V G
Published: January 2020

The proposed approach allows us to evaluate the response of forest stands to local weather changes and resistance to insect attack without using data from weather stations, sometimes located far from experimental forest areas. All raw data were obtained during the season using remote sensing data (MODIS / AQUA). The ability to pre-determine decrease and loss of forest stands resistance to possible insect attacks can be extremely important for solving the tasks of forest-entomological monitoring and calculating the risk of forest insect’s outbreaks.
Recurrent and multi-layer neural networks playing Even-Odd”: reflection against regression
Authors: Bartsev S , Markova G
Published: January 2020

Reflection understood as an internal representation of the external world by the subject is the key property of consciousness. In a refined form this property is manifested in reflective games. To win a reflective game a player has to use reflection of strictly one rank higher than the opponent. So it can be assumed that there are only two game modes - when only one player uses reflection and wins and when both players use reflection but one of them chooses incorrect reflection rank. The option of random move selection is not considered since firstly, starting the game for a draw is strange, and secondly, it is technically impossible to make random moves without a special device. Experiments with recurrent neural networks playing with each other showed that the entire set of game patterns (time series of the game score) is split into two sharply different groups that can be associated with two modes mentioned above. Experiments, in which a multilayer neural network, which is basically incapable of reflection, played against a recurrent neural network, showed that a recurrent neural network has a clear advantage winning confidently in more than 90% of the games. At the same time game patterns demonstrate splitting into two sharply different groups as was observed in experiments with the game of two recurrent neural networks and in the reflexive game of living people.
Determining the consumption coefficient for modeling the coating system for inner surface of rotating pipe
Authors: Zaretskaya M I , Skvortsov B V , Zaretskii I S
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to determining the flow coefficient in mathematical modeling of the operation of a new device for coating the inner surface of pipes for rooms with a limited height. A new method for coating the inner surface of a pipe in a confined space, in which the pipe being worked is in an inclined position and rotates around its axis during the process, is described. The thickness of the coating depends on the speed of movement of the material. The more precisely the speed stabilizes, the more uniform the protective coating is. The authors considered methods for determining the flow coefficient; the methods for its determination were described. The numerical values of the flow coefficient for a specific liquid-pipe pair have been obtained.
Automatization and information technologies development for monitoring and evaluation of penitentiary healthcare facilities efficiency
Authors: Dyuzheva E V , Blagodatsky G A , Ponomarev D S , Polishchuk V E , Sandalov I Yu
Published: January 2020

The article presents an algorithm for developing a software package for evaluation of penitentiary healthcare facilities efficiency. The algorithm is based on the data of penitentiary healthcare facilities of the Volga Federal District. To create a computer program algorithm there were chosen indicators and criteria for evaluation of penitentiary health facilities efficiency. Mathematical processing of indicators based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process allows to present the formula for calculating the total integral indicator, which is calculated automatically. The results of calculation are presented in the window interface of the computer program in the form of color charts. In this way it forms a rating of healthcare facilities, where green indicates high level of efficiency, yellow indicates its medium level, red indicates its low level.
Methodology of short-term planning of work indices in the university department on basis of the reference model using web-portal
Authors: Charikov P N , Afanasenko A G
Published: January 2020

Today, the departments of various universities have implemented databases in the form of Web sites. The information environment of the department is a huge data warehouse. Modern database management systems allow to effectively store and process data, but, unfortunately, these tasks implementation is not enough for personnel management. The trends in the higher education development in Russia indicate that it is necessary not only to store data, but also to control the department development in educational, scientific and other areas of activity. For this it is proposed to implement a system for calculating, maintaining and visualizing the department’s rating and introduce it into the existing Web portal of the department. This system will not only simplify the obtaining, calculation and storage of the required data on the department rating. It will also provide the required indices in a visual and understandable way.
Synthesis of new 2,7-dibromo 9-benzocyclobuten-3-yl-9H-fluorene derivatives - perspective dielectric materials for electronics
Authors: Levchenko K S , Chudov K A , Adamov G E , Levchenko E Yu , Shmelin P S
Published: January 2020

The approaches to the synthesis of new derivatives of 2-7-dibromofluorene and benzocyclobutene have been investigated. For this purpose 9-bicyclo [4.2.0] octa-1 (6), 2,4- trien-3-yl-2,7-dibromo-9H-fluoren-9-ol was synthesized by reaction of 2,7-dibromo-fluoren -9- one with 3-benzocyclobutene magnesium bromide. The possibility of reduction and substitution of the hydroxyl group at position 9 of the obtained compound with aromatic substituents under conditions of acid catalysis is demonstrated. Target compounds were obtained in yields from 75 to 90%.
Combined Brillouin sensor system for simultaneous local and distributed temperature and strain measurements for downhole telemetry
Authors: Nureev I I , Agliullin T A , Kadushkin V V , Kurbiev I Y , Proskuriakov A D
Published: January 2020

The work proposes and experimentally demonstrates the feasibility of creating a combined sensor system for simultaneous local and distributed temperature and strain measurements using the Brillouin optical frequency distributed analysis. The system uses a quasi-distributed approach based on two-element fiber Bragg structures (TEFBS), which makes it possible to carry out simultaneously distributed and local measurements of temperature. The proposed highly integrated circuit uses a conventional narrow-band optical source corresponding to the spectral range of temperature measurements, and a common receiving module on the same sensor fiber. For distributed detection, a single-mode optical fiber is used, and for the local detection, two TEFBS pass-through and reflective types are used.
Automated system design for experimental research of the technological process parameters of spacecraft waveguide paths induction soldering
Authors: Radionov T V , Molodan E B , Mikhalev A S , Tynchenko V S , Testoedov N A , Lukonin N V , Kuklina A I
Published: January 2020

The paper describes the developed software model functional for conducting experimental research of spacecraft waveguide paths induction soldering. A diagram of use cases allowing more detailed formalization of the functional requirements for the developed system from the user’s point of view has been built. The architecture of the future system is presented. A way to improve the quality of soldering in the form of solution of the experiment automation and planning problem, which has not been previously considered, is proposed. The results of the work will allow developing a system that will carry out process modeling without resorting to real tests, with data processing and analysis.
System-integrated assessment of IT-specialist activity as an element of multilevel management
Authors: Dontsov O G , Goldstein S L , Gritsyuk E M , Dugina E A
Published: January 2020

The system of assessments of multilevel management of multi-role activities of an IT specialist is presented. Prerequisites for the materials of the literary and analytical review for basic concepts are considered. The results include new knowledge about the connection of digitalization methodologies which are given and systemic integration, as well as their impact on the assessments sought.
The environment of cognitive-contextual software design: from concept to implementation
Authors: Razumowsky A I
Published: January 2020

Two main points of the objectives to design software systems (SS) have been considered: achieving proper functioning of the SS with consistent results, and the possibility to obtain reliable assessments of the Software System quality depending on the initial requirements. A cognitive-contextual design strategy has been proposed that can significantly improve the perception of actual elements of the design task by creating a context with selected formalized conditions, and enhance cognitive coherence of the project elements throughout the Software System lifecycle.
On the embedding parameters in kernel identification problem of nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: Antropov N R , Agafonov E D
Published: January 2020

Dynamical models are of fundamental importance in many problems such as simulation, optimization and prediction. In identification problem of dynamical systems an input vector is typically considered as delayed vector of previous outputs. Embedding lag and embedding dimension should be chosen correctly. Identification of nonlinear systems is generally performed using kernel-based methods since they do not require any additional information about system structure. A common question in identification of dynamical system is sensitivity of kernel-based models to selected embedding lag and embedding dimension. The paper presents simulations of the kernel least mean squares algorithm on one-step prediction problem for various values of embedding lag and embedding dimension. It is shown that optimal embedding lag and embedding dimension is dependent on model parameters, while usage of optimal model parameters decreases the value of optimal embedding dimension.
Fuzzy model for evaluating the results of online learning
Authors: Zaporozhko Veronika , Shardakov Vladimir , Parfenov Denis
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the development of a fuzzy model for an integrated assessment of the results of mastering the contents of the curriculum of an online course. It is determined that the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy logic and fuzzy inference is an integral part of the decision support system for the intelligent management of individual educational trajectories in an online learning environment. It is described how the presented model can be used for decision making under conditions of uncertainty and fuzzy given initial data circulating in an online environment. The technique of integrated assessment of the results of online learning using the application package “Fuzzy Logic Toolbox” for MATLAB is shown. The calculation results are presented using an example of a real online course. The proposed model can be used to modernize the system of objective assessment of educational achievements in online courses and introduce the intellectual management of individual educational trajectories into the practice of online learning.
Statistical model checking for blockchain-based applications
Authors: Maksimov D B , Yakimov I A , Kuznetsov A S
Published: January 2020

Blockchain-based applications have become increasingly popular in recent years. Security concerns are rising as blockchain users are becoming aware of how their private data is stored across this decentralized network of computing nodes. Formal verification allows developers to improve software quality and hence make it more secure. The main hypothesis of this paper is that it is achievable to perform formal verification of a model that represents a smart contract responsible for user registration. In order to test the hypothesis, we have created a model of such a smart contract and checked it against a set of formal constraints. As a result of the conducted study, a conclusion can be made that the hypothesis is correct.
Ontological model of a production shop
Authors: Antonova E I , Atamanov Y S , Rudakova G M , Korchevskaya O V
Published: January 2020

The paper presents an ontological model of a production shop. The necessity of such approach to domain modeling has been identified and justified. Based on the model obtained, the author suggests using it for further design of the production planning information system.
Formation of a policy to ensure environmental safety in modern economic conditions
Authors: Romanova Ir N , Morkovkin D E , Nezamaikin V N , Gibadullin A A , Ivanova M A
Published: January 2020

Issues of environmental conservation and biological diversity for future generations come to the fore in connection with increasing volumes of production waste and emissions of pollutants into the air. The study formulated the basic mechanisms for ensuring environmental safety, among which we can single out the environmental assessment of the regions, environmental monitoring and organizational and management decisions aimed at preserving the natural environment for future generations. As part of the work, the state environmental protection program for the period from 2012 to 2020 was reviewed, with a budget allocation of 286.65 billion rubles, and environmental safety indicators, as a result of which, it was concluded that there were no progressive changes in matters of environmental protection. Based on what, the authors of the study proposed a conceptual model for ensuring environmental safety of the environment, based on the convergence of all organizational structures and the development of joint subprograms to preserve the natural environment for future generations. In conclusion, the study presents the main findings and results of the work.
Assessment of individual risk criteria for the disposal of radioactive waste
Authors: Yessenamanova M S
Published: January 2020

This article discusses the possibilities of determining the risk to individuals as a result of radiation exposure, which is one of the most common and important characteristics of environmental hazard. Environmental damage with the likelihood of an event contributing to the determination of environmental risk. In this case, the risk itself shows the effect of radiation on the human body. When determining the risk, it is necessary to take into account the power of an individual dose for a certain period of time. The criteria curves considered in the article take into account stochastic and non-stochastic effects. These criteria show compliance of waste disposal methods with requirements related to specific risk levels.
Polychronic model of the cellulose grinding
Authors: Pen V R , Levchenko S I , Pen O V , Panfilov I A , Pen T V
Published: January 2020

The article describes how the presentation of the grind as the mechanochemical process allows to derive a mathematical model of the dynamics based on the principles of the formal and polychronic kinetics. That, in turn, allows us to derive the self-contained mathematical description of the grind dynamics of the fibrous semi-finished products.
Thermal explosion of aluminum particles suspended in airflow
Authors: Egorov A G
Published: January 2020

Thermal explosion of aluminum powder ASD-4 suspended in an air flow was studied experimentally using the model of hotspot ignition. A critical hotspot radius and ignition condition have been determined, and the eff ect of turbulence intensity on the development of the hotspot has been established.
Modernization of the scheme for the delivery of thermal power from the state district power station
Authors: Balzamova E Yu , Balzamov D S , Bronskaya V V , Kharitonova O S
Published: January 2020

In connection with the high competition and strict requirements of the open electricity market, optimization of heat energy supply schemes to consumers is an important task for generating companies. The variant of optimization of the SDPS by construction of rapid cooling unit (RCU) 140/12 and reconstruction of strapping RCU 12/6 is considered in this article.
Analysis of the combustion process of diesel fuel in the cylinder 2F 10.5 / 12.0 depending on the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft
Authors: Likhanov V A , Kozlov A N , Araslanov M I
Published: January 2020

Stable operation of the diesel engine at all speeds is provided by the adjustment of the fuel equipment, the structural parameters of the combustion chamber, the physical and chemical properties of the fuel, etc. To increase the range of operating speeds of the engine and increase its injectivity, studies are being conducted aimed at optimizing the processes of fuel combustion, improving the adjustments of the fuel equipment, shape and size of the combustion chamber. This paper presents an analysis of the performance of the diesel fuel combustion process in a 2F 10.5/12.0 diesel cylinder at rated load at various speed modes of operation with a fixed mechanism for controlling the cycle fuel supply. When conducting a laboratory study, measurements were made of hourly fuel and air consumption in all modes of operation. The diesel was installed on a loading stand with a weight mechanism, with which the torque measurement was carried out. The results of indexing the working process of the diesel engine, the characteristics of heat. Calculation of heat release rate and gas temperature indicator was carried out by the CNIDI method.
Automation and control of thermal processes in the furnace
Authors: Mentsiev A U , Mutaev I A
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the main components of the thermal processes in the furnace are considered. Also, the review discusses existing control systems for thermal furnaces and their components. The modern thermal process control technologies are studied at the level of small developments, as well as at the industrial scale. This review is the basis for the design and development of software for monitoring thermal processes in a furnace as part of a scientific study.
The assessment of the individual resource of the welded joint during repairs of the technological pipeline
Authors: Naumkin E A , Rubtsov A V , Kulakov P A , Berdin A R
Published: January 2020

The relevance of research is due to the necessity to develop recommendations for assessing the “individual” resource of welded joints of technological pipelines using non-destructive testing methods for the timely detection of welds with the smallest resource to ensure reliable operation of equipment and the inadmissibility of premature failure in the weld zone. The task is to develop recommendations for determining “individual”resource of welded joints of technological pipelines with a different level of edge displacement and imperfection by introducing correction factors into the modified Coffin-Manson equation based on the mechanical characteristics of the yield strength and strength, determined as a result of static tensile testing of samples of various sections of welded joints with maximum acoustic and magnetic signals according to the results of flux-probe and ultrasonic non-destructive testing. For research, 6 pipe fragments were selected made of steel 20 with dimensions of 159×7 mm and a length of 45 mm each. Fragments were welded together by different types of welding with different displacements of the edges of the welded elements. The authors developed recommendations for assessing the “individual” resource of welded joints of technological pipelines. It is shown that the introduction of correction factors depending on the amount of offset of the edges of the welded joint allows to increase the accuracy of the predicted durability of individual welds by 4% for manual and 11% for semi-automatic welding, respectively.
Ablation properties of ZrC-SiC-HfB2 ceramic with different amount of carbon fiber under an oxyacetylene flame
Authors: Shojaie-Bahaabad Maryam , Hasani-Arefi Alireza
Published: January 2020

In the present work, a carbon fiber reinforced ZrC-20 vol% SiC-15 vol% HfB2 composite was produced by pressureless sintering method. Carbon fiber with various weight percentages (0, 10, 20, 30) was added to the milled ZrC-SiC-HfB2. The mixed powders were pressed and sintered at 2200 °C for 2 h. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the specimens were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) equipped with EDS spectroscopy, XRD analysis and hardness and toughness tests. The ablation resistance of the composites was performed by oxyacetylene torch. The results showed that as the carbon fiber content was increased, the porosity and toughness were increased as well, while the hardness and density were decreased. During the ablation test, the outer surface of the composite underwent a sintering process and formed a dense layer of Zr-Hf-Si-O on the surface. ZrSiO4 and HfSiO4 were also created after cooling, so these phases played a pinning effect and prevented the crack propagation. The results also showed that linear and mass ablation rates were increased with increasing the weight percentage of the carbon fiber. SEM analysis with EDS further revealed that with increasing the carbon content, the defects in the formed oxide layer on the composite surface were increased due to the evaporation of SiO2 and the decrease in the pinning effect of ZrSiO4 and HfSiO4 phases as well as the phase transformation of the remained ZrO2 and HfO2. As a result, as the carbon fiber was increased, the ablation resistance of the composite was decreased.
Effect of Ni doping on the microstructure and toughness of CrAlN coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Wang Yu-Xing , Tang Yu-Jiao , Wan Wen , Zhang Xia
Published: January 2020

This study determines the effects of nickel (Ni) doping on the composition, phase structure, chemical valence state, hardness, and toughness of CrAlNiN coatings. CrAlNiN coatings with various Ni contents (0.00 at%–27.71 at%) were deposited on the surfaces of M2 tool steel and monocrystalline silicon (Si) using unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating. The results showed that the CrAlNiN coatings possess a nanomultilayer structure, maintaining the face centered cubic crystal structure of the chromium aluminum nitride (CrAlN) coatings. The Ni in the coatings acts as a toughening phase to ease stress, to increase resistance to crack growth, and to delay the generation of cracks, thereby having an obvious toughening effect. At an Ni content of approximately 20.33%, the Ni toughening phase in the modulation layer tends to saturate and the effect of continuing the increase in Ni content is limited from the viewpoint of improving the toughness.
High pressure anomalies in exfoliated MoSe2: resonance Raman and x-ray diffraction studies
Authors: Saha Pinku , Ghosh Bishnupada , Mazumder Aritra , Mukherjee Goutam Dev
Published: January 2020

Detailed high pressure Resonance Raman (RR) Spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies are carried out on 3–4 layered MoSe
2 obtained by liquid exfoliation. Analysis of ambient XRD pattern and RR spectra indicate the presence of a triclinic phase along with its parent hexagonal phase. Slope change in the linear behavior of reduced pressure (H) with respect to Eulerian strain (f

E
) is observed at about 13 GPa in hexagonal phase and at about 17 GPa for the triclinic phase. High pressure Raman measurements using two different pressure transmitting media (PTM) show three linear pressure regions, separated by pressure values around which anomalies in the structure are observed. A broad minimum in the FWHM values of

E

2
g

1

mode at about 10–12 GPa indicate to an electron-phonon coupling. Above 33 GPa the sample completely gets converted to the triclinic structure, which indicates the importance of strain in structural as well as electronic properties of two dimensional materials.
Synthesis of immobilized ZnO over polyurethane and photocatalytic activity evaluation for the degradation of azo dye under UV and solar light irardiation
Authors: Inderyas A , Bhatti I A , Ashar A , Ashraf M , Ghani A , Yousaf M , Mohsin M , Ahmad M , Rafique S , Masood N , Iqbal M
Published: January 2020

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were immobilized on polyurethane foam (PUF) and employed for the degradation of Acid black 1 dye (AB1). The ZnO/PUF was characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) techniques. Process variables i.e., dye concentration, pH, concentration of H2O2, irradiation time were optimized for maximum degradation of dye. ZnO/PUF showed promising efficiency for the degradation of AB1 dye and up to 86% and 65% dye degradation was achieved under UV and solar light irradiation at neutral pH, 4% H2O2, 240 min/sunlight and 75 min/UV irradiation time using 40 mg l−1 dye initial concentration. The optimum conditions were applied for the treatment of textile wastewater and biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were reduced up to 70% and 80%, respectively. In view of promising photocatalytic activity (PCA), ZnO/PUF could possibly be used for the treatment of wastewater contains dyes.
V-shaped bending of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet with elliptical hole
Authors: Song Xinhua , Tian Yuanyuan , Quan Junkui , Cui Shiyong , Li Jia , Fang Qihong
Published: January 2020

The internal elliptical hole defect in the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet strongly affects the material mechanical properties during the bending process. In this study, the finite element method (FEM) is used to study the effect of internal hole on mechanical properties of the sheet subjected to the V-shaped bending. The fracture damage, the equivalent strain and the principal stress in the sheet with elliptical hole (the defect sheet) and the hole-free sheet (the perfect sheet) are analyzed contrastively under different punch speeds and radii. The results show that the load in the defect sheet and the perfect sheet has different trends during the bending process. Compared to the perfect sheet, both the damage and the equivalent strain in the defect sheet obviously increase, and the distribution of the principal stress in the bending zone of the defect sheet has a significant change. The hole causes the different evolution of the maximum damage, the equivalent strain, and the maximum tensile and compressive stresses with the increase of punch speed and radius for the defect and perfect sheets. The current results serve a feasible approach to predicting the fracture of the sheet with internal hole during the V-shaped bending process, and provide a guidance for the V-bending experiments of the defect and perfect sheets in the subsequent work.
Microstructure and wear resistance of the laser-cladded Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Bx high-entropy alloy coating on aluminum
Authors: Li Yanzhou , Shi Yan
Published: January 2020

Coatings with excellent mechanical properties are difficult to prepare on the aluminum alloy surfaces by laser surface engineering because of the low melting point and active chemical properties of aluminum (Al). Based on the unique entropy effect of a high-entropy alloy, we suppress the cracks in the cladding layer caused by the dilution ratio of the substrate, obtaining coatings exhibiting excellent wear resistance. The Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Bx coating exhibited a BCC1 + BCC2 + FCC phase when the x ≤ 0.1. When x ≥ 0.2, boride was formed in the Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Bx coatings, and it became the main phase of the Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5B0.3 and Al0.8CrFeCoNiCuB0.4 coatings; however, no Al-rich intermetallic compound with a complex phase structure was formed. When 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3, the bonding strengths of the Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5Bx coatings were 70.6–176.2 MPa. An increase in the boron content increased the hardness of all the coatings, except the Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5B0.3 coating. The hardness was 479–705 HV (6–9 times that of the substrate). The wear rate of the coating ranged from 1.50 × 10−7 to 1.19 × 10−5 mm3/Nm, which was only 0.01%–5.43% that of the substrate. The Al0.8CrFeCoNiCu0.5B0.2 coating exhibited the highest resistance to wearing, and its wear mechanism was identified as abrasive wear.
Influence of exit velocity distribution on self-bending extrusion
Authors: Min Fanlei , Zhu Guangming , Yue Bowen , Wang Zongshen , Yang Zhenyu , Zhai Xiaoqing
Published: January 2020

We proposed a relationship model between the exit velocity distribution and the shape of the extrusion profile. To verify the model, we designed multiple-extrusion ram differential extrusion and used the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method to simulate the natural bending deformation of the sheet metal. The die experimental test used a self-bending extrusion die for sheet metal was designed via a spline curve with inclination as the contour of the deflector chamber. The results showed that the standard arc profile was extruded when the exit velocity was linear, and the relative error between the predicted radius of curvature and the ALE simulation result was controlled within 5%. The relative error between the predicted value and the actual experimental result was 9.9%. Thus, this study can provide a reference for the design of self-bending extrusion dies.
Bernstein-Sato polynomials for general ideals vs. principal ideals
Authors: Mustaţă Mircea
Published: January 2020

We show that given an ideal

a

\mathfrak {a}

generated by regular functions

f
1

,
…
,

f
r

f_1,\ldots ,f_r

on

X
X

, the Bernstein-Sato polynomial of

a

\mathfrak {a}

is equal to the reduced Bernstein-Sato polynomial of the function

g
=

∑

i
=
1

r

f
i

y
i

g=\sum _{i=1}^rf_iy_i

on

X
×

A

r

X\times \mathbf {A}^r

. By combining this with results from Budur, Mustaţă, and Saito [Compos. Math. 142 (2006), pp. 779–797], we relate invariants and properties of

a

\mathfrak {a}

to those of

g
g

. We also use the result on Bernstein-Sato polynomials to show that the Strong Monodromy Conjecture for Igusa zeta functions of principal ideals implies a similar statement for arbitrary ideals.
A prime analogue Erdős-Pomerance result for Drinfeld modules with arbitrary endomorphism rings
Authors: Kuo Wentang , Tweedle David
Published: January 2020

Let

k

\mathbf {k}

be a global function field, and let

A

\mathbf {A}

be the elements of

k

\mathbf {k}

regular outside a fixed place

∞
\infty

.

Let

ϕ
:

A

→
K
{
τ
}

\phi :\mathbf {A}\to K\{\tau \}

be a Drinfeld module of generic characteristic and rank 

n
n

. For a prime

℘
\wp

of

K
K

of good reduction, let

F

℘

\mathbb {F}_\wp

be the residue field at

℘
\wp

, and let

χ

A

(

ϕ
(

F

℘

)

)

\chi _\mathbf {A}\big (\phi (\mathbb {F}_\wp )\big )

be the Euler-Poincaré characteristic of

F

℘

\mathbb {F}_\wp

viewed as an

A

\mathbf {A}

-module.

We determine the normal order of the number of distinct prime ideals of

A

\mathbf {A}

dividing

χ

A

(

ϕ
(

F

℘

)

)

\chi _\mathbf {A}\big (\phi (\mathbb {F}_\wp )\big )

, denoted by
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="omega Subscript bold upper A Baseline left-parenthesis chi Subscript bold upper A Baseline left-parenthesis phi left-parenthesis double-struck upper F Subscript normal script upper P Baseline right-parenthesis right-parenthesis right-parenthesis">

ω

A

(

χ

A

(

ϕ
(

F

℘

)

)

)

\omega _\mathbf {A}\Big (\chi _\mathbf {A}\big (\phi (\mathbb {F}_\wp )\big )\Big )

, as

℘
\wp

runs over primes of

K
K

of degree

x
x

with a specified splitting behaviour.

Furthermore, let

a
∈
K

a\in K

be non-torsion for

ϕ
\phi

, and let

f
a

(
℘
)

f_a(\wp )

be the Euler-Poincaré characteristic of the submodule of

ϕ
(

F

℘

)

\phi (\mathbb {F}_\wp )

generated by

a
a

modulo

℘
\wp

. We also consider the problem of determining the distribution of

ω

A

(

f
a

(
℘
)

)

\omega _\mathbf {A}\big (f_a(\wp ) \big )

as

℘
\wp

runs over primes of

K
K

of degree

x
x

with a specified splitting behaviour.

Note that we do not make restrictions on

A

\mathbf {A}

,

ϕ
\phi

, or its endomorphism ring

E
n
d

K

{sep}

(
ϕ
)

\rm {End}_{K^\textrm {{sep}}}(\phi )

.