bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Battle over Security Exceptions before the ICJ and WTO Panels: towards a Converging Posture?
Authors: Buscemi Martina
Published: December 2024

In recent times, the ICJ as well as WTO Panels have been called upon to adjudicate disputes where the respondent has asserted the existence of essential security interests in order to dismiss the applicant’s claims. This article first examines how the international adjudicators have construed the justiciability and the nature of the essential security exception invoked by the respondent (Section 2). Subsequently, the attention turns to the standard of review exercised by the ICJ and by the WTO Panels on the merits, considering that security exceptions leave open different degrees of judicial control (Section 3). Ultimately, the study purports to understand to what extent the new litigation fronts have contributed to refining the contours of an elusive concept – that of national security – which resides on the brink of law (Section 4).
Mongolia
Authors: Javzandolgor Battogtokh
Published: December 2024

This article evaluates the Korean participation in the international legal system. It considers that South Korea is an active player in both international and regional relations, which triggers the country to engage in international law in order to address the security issues and environmental crisis such as global warming. This article emphasizes the significance of international law education and awareness among future decision makers. It suggests that providing comprehensive understanding of international law is vital for Korea not only to prepare individuals to effectively navigate the intricacies of international law but also to make significant contributions to global efforts to address pressing challenges.
Taiwan
Authors: Wang Dustin Kuan-Hsiung
Published: December 2024

This article examines the complex maritime boundary disputes between North and South Korea, with a focus on the Northern Limit Line (NLL), a critical yet contentious maritime boundary established after the Korean War. It analyzes North Korea’s rejection of the NLL’s legitimacy, citing sovereignty infringement, economic impacts, and foreign intervention, contrasting it with South Korea’s assertion of the NLL as a pragmatic security buffer legitimized by estoppel and acquiescence in international law. The study further explores the principles of treaty effectiveness, acquiescence, and maritime delimitation, particularly the impact of small islands and proportionality. By scrutinizing these legal principles, this article aims to clarify the NLL’s status within international law and its implications for regional stability.
India
Authors: Ravindran Rajesh Babu
Published: December 2024

This article evaluates South Korea’s evolving state practice of international law and explores the growing strategic partnership between South Korea and India. It highlights Korea’s constitutional approach to international law, direct application of treaties, and active engagement in global issues, including human rights, environment, and security. The analysis emphasizes the impact of Korea’s “New Southern Policy” and India’s “Act East Policy,” which have facilitated greater diplomatic, economic, and defense collaboration between the two nations. With strategic agreements like the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) and Special Strategic Partnership, the bilateral relationship now encompasses defense, economic development, and regional stability within the Indo-Pacific framework. This convergence not only enhances bilateral ties but also aligns with broader regional dynamics, potentially strengthening the Quad’s security framework in the Indo-Pacific.
Refining Refugee Protection in Korea: Legislative Reforms and Judicial Interpretations of the Refugee Act
Authors: Lee Seryon
Published: December 2024

Since the implementation of the Refugee Act in 2013, refugee issues have become a significant aspect of Korea’s social integration and human rights efforts. With over 109,000 applicants since 1994, challenges have arisen, particularly regarding the low recognition rates and the increasing number of appeals. The Ministry of Justice’s recent legislative proposals aim to enhance the Refugee Act by improving the refugee status determination (RSD) process and aligning it more closely with international standards. These amendments include provisions for eligibility reviews, revocation of refugee recognition under certain conditions, and expanded grounds for administrative restrictions. Additionally, the proposals address the need for professional training for RSD officers and better access to services for refugees. The paper also highlights key Korean court cases, offering insights into how Korean courts interpret and apply international standards on refugee protection. These developments reflect Korea’s commitment to balancing the need for protection with security concerns and its role in the global responsibility-sharing framework for refugee issues.
The irony of prestige: Status-seeking as rational choice
Authors: Wohlforth William
Published: December 2024

Status Symbols in World Politics reflects the established status of status research in International Relations (IR). The initial wave of studies of status generated enough theory and evidence of consequential status effects to sustain a major research program. The lens then widened to encompass status-seeking among non-great powers. With the potential importance of status established as a candidate explanation for the behavior and great and small powers alike, this special issue takes the status motivation for granted and zeroes in on the things/practices/acts that actors think generate, sustain, and signal status. The deep interpretive dive into small-s status politics presented here raises intriguing questions even for those scholars still wedded to a positivist great power agenda. Three payoffs stand out: First, status-seeking via the acquisition of status symbols can be a rational choice. Second, the collection suggests the importance of clarifying types of status symbols as well as a rough and ready method for doing so—an argument I seek to flesh out through an examination of the emerging aircraft carrier race. Third, many other important questions for further inquiry emerge, questions I doubt would have come to the fore but for the efforts of Beaumuont, Røren, and their collaborators.
The role of arts-based methods in supporting safe and participatory research addressing sexual violence with young people
Authors: Warrington Camille , Langhoff Kristine , Warnock Becky
Published: December 2024

Background:

The use of participatory visual methods in humanities, health, education and social science research to study ‘sensitive’ subject matter with children and young people is growing. Such approaches have been widely – though sometimes uncritically – celebrated for contributing to safe data elicitation, promoting participant influence and strengthening research dissemination and impact. Some authors have pointed to their political contributions – challenging the traditional politics of representation and fostering critical consciousness and thinking.

Methods:

This article explores these claims, reflecting on a study using creative and participatory methods to explore the concept of ‘resistance’ among young people affected by sexual violence. It begins by outlining the background, rationale and use of creative methods in the project, moving from plans to utilise ‘Photovoice’ methods to a more diverse and responsive set of creative methods.

Findings:

The paper presents evidence for the contribution of such methods to creating safety and fostering participation while developing new conceptual thinking among researchers and participants.

Conclusion:

In this project, the success of creative methods is rooted in the dynamics of what we term spaciousness and playfulness which support dialogical practice. These dynamics are critical to enabling a safe participatory culture that bridges divides between stakeholders of different status, identity and ownership.
Shrill cry, opisthotonus, and sun setting sign in a yellow neonate
Authors: Singh Poonam , Priyadarshi Mayank , Chaurasia Suman , Basu Sriparna
Published: December 2024

We report a case of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (NNH) in a term neonate due to rhesus isoimmunisation resulting in classical clinical features of acute bilirubin encephalopathy and its sequel, kernicterus. Though NNH is common, its complications are less often encountered today with the widespread availability of effective phototherapy. It is important not to miss the clinical signs of this preventable cause of neuro-disability.
Causal association between glaucoma and risk of retinal vascular occlusion: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Zixun , Xu Kaihua , Zhang Xiaoling , Wei Ruihua , Li Zhiqing
Published: December 2024

Objective

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) leads to visual impairment, and risk factors may include glaucoma. Although some studies suggest a relationship between glaucoma and RVO, it is unknown whether this association is causal. We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to evaluate the causal contribution to RVO of five genetically predicted glaucoma conditions.

Methods

We conducted two-sample univariable MR analysis using inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods. We obtained publicly available datasets of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analyses for glaucoma as the exposure and a GWAS for RVO in the Finn Gen biobank study as the outcome.

Results

Genetically predicted glaucoma was causally associated with RVO risk (beta = 0.267, standard error [SE] = 0.052, odds ratio [OR] = 1.306, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.181–1.445). This association was supported by sensitivity analyses using weighted median (beta = 0.211, SE = 0.075, OR = 1.235, 95% CI: 1.067–1.429), weighted mode (beta = 0.491, SE = 0.132, OR = 1.633, 95% CI: 1.261–2.116), and MR-Egger (beta = 0.3900, SE = 0.138, OR = 1.476, 95% CI: 1.128–1.933) methods. MR analyses using the validation dataset obtained consistent results.

Conclusion

Our results indicated that glaucoma is likely causally associated with an increased risk of RVO. The current findings may help in determining the underlying mechanisms via which glaucoma affects the risk of RVO.
Progress in MGJWS: A 74-Year Review of Marcus Gunn Jaw-Winking Syndrome
Authors: Zhuang S. , Qi Q. , Lin M. , Li J.
Published: December 2024

We present an overview of the epidemiology and differential diagnosis of Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome. We scrutinize various hypotheses regarding its etiology and pathogenesis, encompassing abnormal nerve connections, heredity factors, genetic variation, and the release hypothesis, as proposed in prior studies. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical manifestations of Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome and highlight cases with exceptional clinical presentations or concurrent diseases. Moreover, we not only describe the existing surgical and nonsurgical treatments for Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome but also delineate therapies for related conditions such as Meige syndrome, sequelae of facial paralysis, and other oculopalpebral and facial synkinesis. This comprehensive approach serves as a valuable reference for the holistic management of Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome.
Gastrointestinal Escherichia coli in men who have sex with men: A systematic review
Authors: Frem Jim Abi , Russell Annie , Fitzpatrick Colin , Williams Deborah , Richardson Daniel
Published: December 2024

Objective

This systematic review aimed to explore any demographic, biological and behavioural characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) with diarrhoeagenic E.coli.

Design/Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL for manuscripts published to March 2024. One author screened manuscript abstracts; two authors independently conducted a full text review. We only included primary data on gastrointestinal E.coli in MSM. Risk of bias was assessed independently by two authors using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. This review was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42023455321).

Results

Eleven manuscripts (cross-sectional studies ( n = 8), case-series ( n = 1), case-control study ( n = 1), longitudinal study ( n = 1)) from Europe ( n = 7) Australia ( n = 2), USA ( n = 2) including 983 MSM with gastrointestinal E.coli published between 2014–2023 were included in this review. Demographic factors (living with HIV, using HIV-PrEP, using dating apps and working as airline crew, group sex, non-regular (casual) sexual partners); behavioural factors (non-regular sexual partners, non-condom use, oro-anal sex, penile-anal sex, use of sex toys, insertive and receptive fisting, scat play); and infection factors (co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis including LGV, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponema pallidum, hepatitis C, other enteric pathogens [ Shigella spp. Giardia duodenalis, Entamoeba histolytica, hepatitis A and intestinal spirochaetosis]) were observed in MSM with E. coli. Antimicrobial resistance (extended spectrum beta-lactamase and quinolone resistance) was described in MSM with E.coli.

Conclusion

We have highlighted demographic, behavioral and infection factors observed in MSM with E.coli suggesting sexual transmissibility. These data provide insight for future clinical guidelines, public health control strategies and research.
HI Acquired palmoplantar keratoderma in an immunocompromised patient: A case report
Authors: Villarreal-Martínez Daniel Z , Reyes-Soto Mayra A , Garza-García Leslie M , Valdez-Zertuche Jair A , López-Quintero Daniela , Chavez-Alvarez Sonia , Ocampo-Candiani Jorge , Villarreal-Martínez Alejandra
Published: December 2024

Syphilis, known for its capacity to mimic various diseases, has seen rising incidence, particularly in adolescents, men who have sex with men (MSM), and individuals with HIV. Palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), a rare manifestation of secondary syphilis, poses diagnostic challenges due to its resemblance to other conditions. We report the case of a 42-year-old man living with HIV presenting with acquired PPK, characterized by hyperkeratotic plaques on the palms and soles, alongside syphilitic roseola. Histopathology confirmed psoriasiform dermatitis with spirochetes. The patient received weekly intramuscular benzathine penicillin G, leading to significant clinical improvement without relapse. This case underscores the importance of recognizing atypical infectious presentations in individuals living with HIV and highlights the need for careful differential diagnosis in acquired PPK cases.
What Do We Know About Group Health Coaching and Cancer Survivorship? A Scoping Review
Authors: Berzins Nicole J. , Orsega-Smith Elizabeth , Mackenzie Michael , Galantino Mary Lou , Culos-Reed Nicole , Leonard Tara , Narducci Erika
Published: December 2024

Group health coaching (GHC) may be a suitable method for supporting healthy lifestyle behaviors in cancer patients and survivors. The aim of this scoping review was to explore GHC interventions targeting this population, specifically examining program composition and measured outcomes. A systematic search strategy was used to identify intervention studies focused on GHC with cancer patients and survivors. Seven studies met the criteria. Studies focused on physical activity, diet, weight loss, or some combination thereof utilizing GHC by itself or as one component of an exercise and/or diet intervention. There was a wide range of measured outcomes, grouped into: feasibility/acceptability; physical activity/exercise; body composition and biomarkers; diet; distress, quality of life, fatigue; and other. Overall, studies were found to be feasible and showed positive results for weight loss, diet, and quality of life. Findings for changes in physical activity, distress, and fatigue were mixed. Additionally, variability was found in many of the GHC components. This review suggests GHC for cancer patients and survivors is still in the nascent stages. However, these studies were deemed feasible and satisfactory to participants, with positive outcomes noted. While still in the early stages, GHC appears promising for supporting positive lifestyle behaviors in this population.
AUV path planning based on improved IFDS and deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Yiqun Fan , Hongna Li , Jiaqi Xie , Yunfu Zhou
Published: December 2024

Existing autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) path planning algorithms are rapidly developing and perform well in solving optimal paths. However, the performance of these algorithms in real environments is significantly worse than that in simulated environments due to the influence of currents in real marine environments. To this end, this paper proposes an algorithm that improves the fusion of perturbed flow field and deep reinforcement learning and adds the influence of random currents to the environment, which further improves the overall accuracy of AUV obstacle avoidance in dynamic environments and enhances the AUV's adaptability to the real environment. This study also compares the results obtained using four fused deep reinforcement learning algorithms simulated in different scenarios, and the results show that the proposed algorithm can enable AUV to realize dynamic path planning in unknown environments.
The legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic on critical care research: A descriptive interview study
Authors: Pattison Natalie A. , O’Gara Geraldine , Cuthbertson Brian H , Rose Louise
Published: December 2024

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged both research and clinical teams in critical care to collaborate on research solutions to new clinical problems. Although an effective, nationally coordinated response helped facilitate critical care research, reprioritisation of research efforts towards COVID-19 studies had significant consequences for existing and planned research activity in critical care.

Aims:

Our aim was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic research prioritisation policies and practices on critical care research funded prior to the pandemic, the conduct of pandemic research, and implications for ongoing and future critical care research.

Methods:

We undertook a descriptive qualitative study recruiting research-active clinician researchers and research delivery team members working in critical care. We conducted digitally recorded, semi-structured interviews in 2021–2022. Framework Analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results:

We interviewed 22 participants comprising principal investigators, senior trial coordinators and research delivery nurses from across the UK. Six themes were identified: Unit, organisational and national factors; Study specific factors; Resources; Individual/clinician factors; Family/patient factors; Contextual factors. These themes explained how a nationally coordinated response during the pandemic affected individuals, studies and wider organisations in managing the research response in critical care, highlighting future implications for critical care research.

Conclusion:

Harnessing the collective response seen in the COVID-19 pandemic in critical care could better support integration of research activity into routine critical care activities. Future endeavours should focus on workforce preparations, contingency planning, strategies for study prioritisation and integration of research as part of the continuum of clinical care.
Artificial intelligence’s current involvement in urology and future implementation in clinical environments
Authors: Zhao Yi , Bolton Eva , Soomro Naeem , Rai Bhavan , Heer Rakesh
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a set of computational methods that interprets the data given, uncovers the underlying patterns associated with the complexity of data, and provides the prediction of outcomes that have become increasingly relevant in urology. The current application of AI in urology predominately focuses on disease diagnosis and risk factor analysis in urologic oncology and male infertility. While many candidate models have been proposed in the literature, efforts to construct clinically meaningful data by incorporating patient-specific and multidisciplinary approaches should be carried out to improve the clinical applicability of AI in driving personalised treatment planning and disease prognosis. Looking forward, AI has the potential to drive targeted training in urology, from surgical techniques to patient-specific surgical procedure simulation, in combination with other technologies such as augmented reality. In order to achieve this, patient involvement should be considered in the model development stage, which also addresses issues surrounding the ethical deployment of AI in the clinical environment. It is possible to see AI playing a collaborative role with surgeons in improving clinical efficiency in the future.

Level of evidence: Not Applicable
Storypath: How Civic Advocacy Through Creating Music Empowers Civic and Political Thinking in Elementary Classrooms
Authors: Stevahn Laurie , McGuire Margit E.
Published: December 2024

This descriptive qualitative study examined how the Storypath (also known as Storyline) approach to teaching social studies involves elementary school students in action civics (authentic civic activities, self-chosen issues, ongoing reflection, decisions valued). Storypath, a project-based approach, utilizes the story structure to frame learning through an inquiry process whereby students consider an overarching question about a topic, create a relevant setting, become characters in the setting, and engage in the plot of the story (critical incidents). This Storypath engaged a class of ethnically and culturally diverse fifth graders in creating a music company (setting) dedicated to producing songs for social change. As company employees (characters), students researched issues they chose (affirming their agency in the learning process), then created songs and music videos for social impact. The arts (songs and videos) and technology (digital media) became integral to students’ efforts as they created and recorded music to share with the world. Students responded to Padlet and worksheet prompts, wrote song lyrics, and recorded music videos which all were analyzed to address this research question: What did authentic civic advocacy through creating music within the Storypath approach reveal about elementary students’ civic disciplinary knowledge, thinking, and skills? Findings revealed two overarching types of thinking: civic and political. Evidence indicates that civic thinking was justice-oriented for social well-being while political thinking was influence-oriented for strategic impact. This suggests that the Storypath implemented in this study can engage elementary school students in authentic civic advocacy within the classroom to cultivate civic and political thinking for meaningful participation in democratic life beyond the classroom.
Socioeconomic Position and Oral Health in Chinese Older Adults: A Life Course Approach
Authors: Hong J. , Watt R.G. , Tsakos G. , Heilmann A.
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

We investigated associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) across childhood, adulthood, and older age and number of teeth among Chinese older adults.

Methods:

Data came from 15,136 participants aged 65 to 105 y in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2018 wave). The outcome was number of teeth. Pathways and sensitive period models were tested simultaneously via structural equation modeling. Ordinal logistic regression assessed the accumulation of risk and social mobility models. Differences were examined across 4 birth cohorts.

Results:

Adult and older age SEP had direct effects on number of teeth in older age (adulthood, direct β = 0.182, P < 0.001; older age, direct β = 0.093, P = 0.005), supporting the sensitive period model. Childhood SEP had an indirect effect on number of teeth (indirect β = 0.130, P < 0.001) through adult and older age SEP, supporting the pathway/accumulation of risk and social mobility models. Effects of SEP on number of teeth were more pronounced in younger cohorts. Graded associations in the expected directions were found between the number of periods in which participants experienced disadvantaged SEP and number of teeth, as well as social mobility trajectories and number of teeth.

Conclusion:

Among Chinese older adults, the number of remaining teeth is subject to marked social inequalities. Our findings document the simultaneous applicability of life course models and a widening of oral health inequalities in China across generations. Interventions earlier in child and adult life are needed to address this problem and reduce oral health inequalities.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

The findings of this study suggest marked socioeconomic inequalities in oral health among Chinese older adults. These inequalities are generated throughout the life course and appear to have widened across cohorts. This study emphasizes that interventions are needed to address the social determinants of oral health at all life stages.
The Tortured Journalists Department? Challenges and Characteristics of Quality Journalism on TikTok in Germany
Authors: Degen Matthias , Olgemöller Max , Zabel Christian
Published: December 2024

Our study investigates how German journalists produce quality journalism on TikTok based on 22 semistructured interviews. Specifically, we explore whether German journalists adhere to established journalistic norms and values, using Lacy & Rosenstiel's quality journalism framework as a theoretical foundation. Given the prominent role of public service media and their legal mandate to contribute to public opinion formation, Germany constitutes an interesting case. Findings suggest that German journalists rely on a mixture of traditional journalistic standards and audience-related news values on TikTok. Moreover, they tailor content to the unique platform environment. This entails the adoption of TikTok-specific storytelling with crisp openers, simplified narrating styles, and appealing audiovisuals. Editorial quality management remains crucial, with public service journalists exhibiting more sophisticated content approval and production processes than private media journalists. Overall, German journalists strike a balance between upholding journalistic integrity and adapting to TikTok's distinctive dynamics.
Green Human Resource Management in South Asia: Through the Lens of Bibliometric Analysis, Theories and Operational Functions
Authors: Khateeb Fatima Riyaz
Published: December 2024

This study explores core principles and emerging trends in green human resource management (GHRM), with a focus on the South Asian context. Using the PRISMA framework, a review of 69 publications from 2001 to 2023 was conducted to examine the intersection of environmental management and human resource practices. The review reveals a growing interest in GHRM since 2015 but highlights a significant gap in addressing sociocultural nuances specific to South Asia. The analysis covers various GHRM operational functions, including green recruitment, procurement, maintenance and development, and it provides a comprehensive overview of key research areas and theoretical frameworks. Despite increased research activity, a lack of focus on sociocultural issues such as gender, diversity and industrial relations in South Asia is evident. Findings suggest a need for further research to address these gaps and to understand institutional challenges in implementing GHRM practices. An integrated approach and collaboration with external stakeholders are recommended to advance GHRM in emerging economies.
Adaptive Dictionary Identification Framework and its Application to Sparsity-Optimized Harmonic Noise Separation
Authors: Hu Yanglijiang , Xu Weiwei , Wang Xiaokai , Liu Dawei , Chen Wenchao
Published: December 2024

Coherent noise separation stands as a critical step in seismic data processing. The Morphological Component Analysis (MCA)-based separation method, treating coherent noise and signal as distinct components and representing them sparsely with dictionaries, has found widespread application in the effective suppression of coherent noise. In practice, when constructing effective fixed dictionaries for MCA-based separation methods, a common approach involves conducting numerous experiments to meticulously select appropriate transform basis functions from an extensive dictionary library and tune their parameters. To mitigate time consumption and ensure optimal dictionary construction, we introduce a framework for adaptive identification of the optimal dictionaries used in MCA-based coherent noise separation. Specifically, we initially characterize the notion of a fixed dictionary library, which encompasses dictionaries constructed using various transform basis functions and their corresponding parameters. Then, we present a Relative Sparsity Minimization Problem (RSMP), formulated to identify the optimal fixed dictionaries that lead to minimum relative sparsity within the predefined library. Finally, we design a genetic algorithm to solve RSMP. The optimal dictionaries obtained for representing signal and coherent noise, respectively, are applied to MCA-based coherent noise separation. Synthetic and field data examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Personality disorders
Authors: Mulder Roger T.
Published: December 2024

An overview of changes in the classification of personality disorders from ICD-10 to ICD-11 is presented. The new classification incorporates a dimensional approach centred on severity with five domains available to describe personality pathology. The potential clinical utility of the new approach is discussed.
Genetic identification of undiagnosed benign ethnic neutropenia in patients receiving clozapine treatment
Authors: Aziri Helena , Vallianatou Kalliopi , Balgobin Bhirundra , Taylor David
Published: December 2024

Background

Clozapine therapy presents a risk of agranulocytosis, necessitating monitoring of white blood cell count. The detection of benign ethnic neutropenia (BEN), in which neutropenia can be present without an increased risk of infection, is particularly important in preventing unnecessary withdrawal of clozapine. BEN is strongly linked to the CC homozygote of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs2814778 in the atypical chemokine receptor-1 (ACKR1) gene.

Aims

We introduced voluntary genetic testing for BEN in one of our clozapine clinics, with the aim of assessing the prevalence of undiagnosed BEN in patients on clozapine.

Method

We offered genetic testing for BEN to patients undergoing medium- and long-term clozapine treatment, and conducted a comparative analysis of neutrophil counts across three identified groups: those previously diagnosed with BEN, those with newly discovered BEN and those confirmed by genetic testing not to have BEN.

Results

We conducted genetic testing for BEN on 108 patients. Of these, 16 were already registered as having BEN and had the CC homozygote. A further 26 patients (24% of the cohort) who were previously not diagnosed with BEN by standard haematological monitoring were found to have the CC homozygote on genetic testing. Unadjusted mean neutrophil counts were lowest for those with previously diagnosed BEN (2.5 × 109/L, 95% CI 2.2–2.8; P < 0.001 v. other groups), but those with newly discovered BEN had mean counts that were significantly lower (4.1 × 109/L, 95% CI 3.6–4.7) than those with TT and CT genotypes (5.1 × 109/L, 95% CI 4.7–5.4; P = 0.006).

Conclusions

Undiagnosed BEN was common in our naturalistic cohort. The integration of genetic testing into standard monitoring would enhance the management of clozapine therapy, potentially allowing for the safe reintroduction or continuation of clozapine in patients with hitherto unrecognised BEN. All current and prospective clozapine patients should be genetically tested for BEN.
Is There an Association Between Spine Surgeon Academic Productivity and Patient Satisfaction Ratings?
Authors: Lee Katriel E. , Alan Nima , Dholaria Nikhil , Giraldo Juan P. , Rabah Nicholas M. , O'Neill Luke K. , Pacult Mark A. , Leal Isaza Juan Pablo , Farber S. Harrison , Zhou James J. , Uribe Juan S.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Physician rating websites (PRWs) are increasingly used by patients to find health care providers. This study explores spine neurosurgeon PRW ratings and their relationship with academic productivity.

METHODS:

A retrospective study was conducted from November 2022 to May 2023 that included 1990 neurological surgeons listed in the American Association of Neurological Surgeons database with a subspecialty in spine. Neurosurgeons were excluded if they had no reviews on Healthgrades or if no citation data were available on Scopus or Google Scholar. Surgeon demographic data were collected. Ratings and the number of reviewers were collected for Healthgrades, Vitals, Google reviews, and physician institutional websites. The h-index, number of publications, and number of citations were found on Scopus or Google Scholar.

RESULTS:

A total of 1031 spine neurosurgeons met the inclusion criteria (mean age [range], 61 [34-94] years; male sex, 996 of 1031 [96.6%]). The mean (SD) Healthgrades, Vitals, Google reviews, and institutional ratings were 4.08 (0.70), 4.06 (0.65), 4.34 (0.79), and 4.70 (0.25), respectively. Median (IQR) h-index, number of publications, and number of citations were 5.0 (1.0), 8.0 (26), and 205 (684), respectively. For all PRWs, the average PRW rating decreased as age increased. Academic productivity as measured by h-index, number of publications, and number of citations were not significantly associated with PRW rating.

CONCLUSION:

Overall, spine neurosurgeon ratings on PRWs were favorable. Ratings were found to decrease with increasing surgeon age, and academic productivity was not correlated with better ratings.
Integrating Fitness Equipment in Persistent Traumatic Stress Environments for Reducing Drug Overdoses
Authors: Randall Eric J.
Published: December 2024

According to a 2024 report from the World Health Organization, substance use disorders have contributed to more than 3 million annual deaths worldwide. Combining outdoor fitness equipment in persistent traumatic stress environments can lead to a reduction of accidental drug overdoses. Individuals who experience complex post-traumatic stress disorders are susceptible to substance use disorders. Weight training has been shown to be effective at healing trauma. The development of self-efficacy from exercise can aid in abstinence from substance use and result in sustained remission.
Preparticipation and Sideline Evaluation of Athletes with Intellectual and Developmental Disability
Authors: Phillips Shawn F. , Galdieri Jayme , Haines Caitlyn , Palmer Jeremy
Published: December 2024

Individuals with intellectual and developmental disability face several barriers to participation in sports and physical activity. Fortunately, there are opportunities for athletes with intellectual and developmental disability to participate in sport. Special Olympics continues to be the most prominent opportunity. Unfortunately, many physicians and other health care providers may feel underprepared to evaluate and treat athletes with intellectual and developmental disability. While national and international events often have a large number of resources available, access to medical care for athletes at local, regional, and state events can be variable. This paper will review medical coverage for state and regional Special Olympics events, including preevent preparation, preparticipation examination, common medical conditions among athletes with intellectual and developmental disability, and common injuries evaluated at local and state events.
Youth Perceptions of Participation in Organized Sports and Mental Health
Authors: Carver Jessie , Baskin Amy , Summers Emma , Limbers Christine A.
Published: December 2024

Organized sports are among one of the most widespread activities in youth. The purpose of this study was to assess the associations between youth perceptions of their participation in organized sports and mental health from the perspective of youth and their parents. Participants were 208 children ages 5 to 12 years. Children who endorsed elevated depressive symptoms scored significantly higher on the YES-S Negative Experiences Scale (mean = 19.00) compared to children who did not endorse elevated depressive symptoms (mean = 14.94; P < 0.01; d = 0.63). After controlling for the number of mental health diagnoses, there was a significant positive association between the YES-S Negative Experiences Scale and child self-reported depressive symptoms (standardized beta coefficient = 0.40; P < 0.001). Our findings underscore the importance of creating positive environments for organized youth sports and highlight the value of assessing both child and parent perspectives of child depressive symptoms in the context of organized sports participation.
Effects of Arthroscopic Surgery and Non-Surgical Therapy on Hip Contact Forces in Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome
Authors: Nasseri Azadeh , Diamond Laura E. , Pizzolato Claudio , Savage Trevor N. , Grant Tamara , Besier Thor , Molnar Robert , Tran Phong , Singh Parminder , Murphy Nicholas , Foster Nadine E. , Hall Michelle , Spiers Libby , Bennell Kim L. , O'Donnell John , Eyles Jillian , Fary Camdon , Lloyd David G. , Hunter David J. , Saxby David J.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

We compared the 12-months effects of arthroscopic surgery and physiotherapist-led care for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome on the time-varying magnitude of hip contact force and muscle contributions to hip contact force during walking.

Methods

Secondary analysis was performed on thirty-seven individuals with FAI syndrome who received biomechanical assessment before and 12-months following either arthroscopic surgery (n = 17) or physiotherapist-led care (Personalised Hip Therapy, PHT) (n = 20). At both time points, three-dimensional whole-body motions, ground reaction forces, and surface electromyograms (n = 14) were acquired during overground walking. A neuromusculoskeletal model was used to determine hip contact force and muscle contributions to hip contact force. Two-way repeated measures analyses of variance, implemented through statistical parametric mapping, were used to assess interactions between, and main effects of, treatment (arthroscopy vs. PHT) and time (baseline vs. follow-up) on time-varying magnitude of hip contact force and muscle contributions to hip contact force. Effects were reported as mean differences (normalized to bodyweight, BW) with 95% confidence intervals [95% CI, lower, upper bound].

Results

For both treatment groups, hip contact force was larger at 12-months compared to their respective baseline (mean increase across stride, arthroscopy: 0.97 BW [95% CI 0.49, 1.46] p < .001; PHT: 1.05 BW [95% CI 0.68, 1.43] p < .001), however, no interaction effects were found. For both treatment groups, hip flexor, adductor, and abductor muscle groups made greater contributions to hip contact force after 12-months compared to baseline, while hip extensors made smaller contributions.

Conclusions

Compared to baseline, both treatments resulted in 12-months increases in hip contact force during walking caused by larger flexor, adductor, and abductor muscle forces at follow-up. At 12-months, hip contact force magnitude remained different normative values reported for healthy individuals, indicating neither treatment fully restored hip biomechanics.
Ofenkacheln des 10. Jahrhunderts vom Petersberg
Authors: Freitag Annina
Published: December 2024

Bislang waren in der Schweiz nur wenige einzelne Ofenkacheln und ein Ofenbefund aus dem 8.–10. Jahrhundert belegt. Neue Auswertungen der Ausgrabungen vom Petersberg, Radiokarbondatierungen und die typologische Einordnung der Gefässkeramik ermöglichten jetzt, einen – vermutlich sogar zwei – Kachelöfen zu erkennen und die dazugehörigen Ofenkacheln ins Frühmittelalter zu datieren. Die Kachelfunde erhärten somit frühere Vermutungen, dass man damals am Petersberg einen gewissen Lebensstandard pflegte. Die Benutzung von Kachelöfen galt in dieser frühen Epoche des Mittelalters noch als Privileg der Oberschicht.
Inventory and procurement management (rail transport)
Authors: Cevelev Aleksandr
Published: December 2024

The textbook outlines theoretical and practical issues of methodology of logistics and logistics of railway transport supply. The issues of practical activity of determining the need for material and technical resources of the track economy, inventory management and procurement, forecasting inventory volumes, as well as the introduction of a lean production system in the supply economy of the open Joint Stock company "Russian Railways" (JSC "Russian Railways"), aimed at providing unified approaches to the organization of the development and implementation of lean projects, are considered in detail production.
Examples of calculating the estimated effect of optimizing the cost of purchasing goods, works and services are given.
Based on the results of theoretical research on the logistics of railway transport, the program of measures for the development of the process approach and business intelligence systems has been updated, various methods for improving operational efficiency in the supply system have been identified, the concept of using artificial intelligence in Russian Railways has been formed, as well as various algorithms for calculating indicators of the procurement and supply process.
Meets the requirements of the latest generation of federal state standards of higher education.
For students studying in the specialties "Corporate Management", "Economics", "Logistics and supply chain management" and those interested in the economics of railway transport and supply logistics, it will also be useful to managers and specialists of JSC "Russian Railways".
Accounting
Authors: Burmistrova Lyudmila
Published: December 2024

The tutorial reveals the basics of accounting and reporting. This knowledge will help economists and managers to better understand the work of accountants, make management decisions quickly and carefully based on the processes taking place in the organization's finances.
It contains the most important concepts and definitions. Raises the main issues related to the organization and maintenance of accounting, reporting, financial management based on analysis and management accounting. In addition, the issues of taxes and tax accounting at the enterprise were raised.
The material is presented in an accessible language, with examples and calculations. The methods of accounting and analysis are given. With the help of control questions, tests, and tasks, the skills of reflecting business transactions in the accounting and financial analysis system are consolidated.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
For students and teachers, as well as anyone interested in accounting issues.
Demand Side Factors and Financial Inclusion: The Mediating Role of Financial Self-efficacy
Authors: Babatunde Abdullahi Adio
Published: December 2024

Despite the recognized significance of achieving financial inclusion in Nigeria,there is limited studies in this area. This gap primarily arises from the prevailingfocus in existing literature on financial inclusion in Nigeria, which predominantlyemphasizes the supply side. Therefore, this study delved into the role of financial selfefficacyas a mediator in the relationship between demand-side factors and the financialinclusion of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in selected local governmentsin Oyo State. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design, the studygathered primary data through structured questionnaires and utilized a structuralequation model for analysis. The findings reported a significant positive link betweenfinancial attitude and financial inclusion (p-value: 0.000). Likewise, there was a noteworthypositive association between subjective norms and financial inclusion (p-value:0.001), as well as between personal experience and financial inclusion (p-value: 0.003). Intriguingly, financial self-efficacy emerged as a substantial obstacle to financial inclusion,acting as a mediating factor with a p-value of (0.002). By evaluating the mediationeffect, this study shows how financial self-efficacy enhance individuals MSMEs ownersto confidently undertake financial tasks and decisions and consequently, financial inclusion in relation to their attitude, experience and subjective norms respectively. Consequently,the study recommends the promotion of positive financial attitudes amongindividual MSMEs to facilitate continuous access to diverse financial services. Financialservice providers should prioritize the establishment of an effective and sustainablefinancial system that offers affordable services to MSMEs. Furthermore, communityleaders are encouraged to play a role in motivating their members to actively engage inthe formal financial sector.
Impact of Apple Cider Vinegar on Insulin Resistance and Related Conditions: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Potential Risks - Literature Review
Authors: Kadłubek Sabina , Mąka Magdalena , Kalinowski Szymon , Woźniak Julia , Kapturska Natalia , Cymerys Kinga , Kardaszewski Piotr , Kamiński Jakub , Sikora Dominik , Zielnik Martyna
Published: December 2024

Introduction and purpose: The topic of apple cider vinegar supplementation and insulinresistance is becoming increasingly widespread, especially on the internet, which carriesmany potential risks. There is a need to understand both how apple cider vinegar reducesinsulin resistance and improves metabolic parameters, as well as the potential risks of its use.Material and methods: Medical databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase weresearched for scientific papers on the safety, benefits, mechanisms, and risks of apple cidervinegar in insulin resistance and related conditions. These were analyzed and summarized ina single review.State of knowledge: Apple cider vinegar supplementation contributes to a reduction ininsulin resistance, which is reflected in parameters such as decreased postprandial insulinsecretion, lower levels of triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), reduced fastingglucose, lower HbA1c levels, and supports weight loss, potentially improving insulinsensitivity. In most cases, no adverse effects or serious side effects were observed with dosesof 15-30 ml per day. However, potential risks include delayed gastric emptying, exacerbationof gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastrointestinal disturbances, tooth erosion,although one study suggests that such supplementation may be associated with acutepancreatitis.Conclusions: More research is needed on supplementation, particularly regarding itsduration. Another risk is the search for health information online without critically evaluatingthe content. Weight loss through a proper diet and exercise appears to be key for improvinginsulin sensitivity, but supplementation may help achieve results in certain patient groups.
„Wedle lat, czasu i zabaw przybierać mu czeladź” – dziecięce dwory wybranych rodzin magnackich z terenów siedemnastowiecznej Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Żołądź-Strzelczyk Dorota
Published: December 2024

Artykuł porusza zagadnienia związane z dworami dziecięcymi w XVII w. Wykorzystując zachowane źródła, autorka pokazuje na przykładzie wybranych rodzin – Radziwiłłów, Zamoyskich, Sobieskich – tworzenie, organizację i funkcjonowanie dworów dziecięcych. Uchwytne źródłowo są nieliczne dwory utworzone dla potomstwa najbogatszych przedstawicieli szlachty. Pojawia się więc pytanie, kiedy można mówić o powołaniu dworu dziecięcego, jakie kryteria musiały być spełnione, aby można było mówić o jego istnieniu, jakie funkcje takie dwory pełniły oraz jak przedstawiała się ich struktura. W tym kontekście można wyróżnić dziecięce dwory zróżnicowane ze względu na wiek dziecka, płeć (chłopięce i dziewczęce) oraz funkcje (stacjonarne dwory o charakterze opiekuńczym, dwory podróżne związane z wyjazdami edukacyjnymi i wyjazdami do szkół).