bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pratiques d’arpentage, création de villages et construction de l’État dans le territoire de l’Uruguay au xixe siècle : le cas de la fondation de Belén en 1867
Authors: Fabre Santiago Delgado , Duffau Nicolás
Published: April 2024

Cet article se propose d’étudier les pratiques d’arpentage en Uruguay en vigueur durant une partie du xixe siècle, en prenant comme référence la fondation du village de Belén en 1867. La création de ce village est un observatoire intéressant car, en premier lieu, elle s’inscrit dans la politique visant à réinstaller dans les zones rurales une population considérée comme errante et donc conflictuelle. En second lieu, on assiste dans les années 1870, d’une part, à une convergence des méthodes traditionnelles d’exécution des pratiques topographiques (caractérisées non seulement par le manque d’expertise ou les déficiences techniques, mais aussi par les rapports de force entre institutions, autorités locales, politiques et militaires) et, d’autre part, à un processus qui tente de réglementer et de rationaliser le travail des géomètres. Même si la focale de notre travail est mise sur la décennie 1860, notre intention est, d’embrasser, à partir de cet exemple, une période chronologique longue qui court de la création de la Commission topographique en décembre 1831 jusqu’aux années 1880.
Critical Review on the Impact of ICT Among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Sijimol C.G.
Published: April 2024

Speedy scientific and technological growths, particularly in the area of information and communication technology (ICT), are generating novel conditions in learning and it imposes a transformation in a modernized society. ICT is helpful in converting varied sectors like banking, transportation, education, manufacturing, health, employment, and so on. Its amalgamation with the learning system has brought up an innovative renovation by offering a flexible environment of education. This survey makes a critical analysis of about 65 papers regarding the impact of ICT on undergraduate students. More particularly, varied performance measures that are contributed in diverse articles are analyzed. In addition, a comprehensive study is made regarding the maximal performances in each contribution. Lastly, the survey extends with the determination of varied research challenges, which might be productive for the analysts to endorse enhanced upcoming works on the impact of ICT among undergraduate students.
Predicting Opposition towards Immigration: Economic Resources, Social Resources and Moral Principles
Authors: Ramos Alice , Vala Jorge
Published: April 2024

This study analyses the predictors of opposition towards immigrants of “different ethnic groups” and “poor countries” in 5 European countries (Portugal, Germany, Netherlands, France and United Kingdom), using data from the European Social Survey 1 (Jowell & the Central Coordinating Team, 2003). Besides Portugal, a country that has moved from being one of net emigration to being a new host country for immigrants, the other countries were selected according to their main policies of immigrants’ integration. Opposition towards immigration (OTI) is analysed using three theoretical models: a) the economic self-interest model that proposes that opposition towards immigration may be due to economic factors; b) the social capital model according to which social trust and self-reliance on political and social system may shape peoples’ opinions on the benefits of immigration; c) Schwartz’s human values model, based on which it is possible to predict that some values facilitate OTI, whereas others facilitate openness to immigration. The hypotheses tested are: a) there is a negative correlation between economic well-being and OTI; b) a negative correlation between social capital and OTI; c) a positive correlation between both conservation and self-enhancement values and OTI, and a negative correlation between both self-transcendence and openness to change values and OTI; d) the social values model will further predict opposition towards immigration over and above the other models. Results globally support the formulated hypotheses.
Reducing Bias in Cross-Cultural Factor Analysis through a Statistical Technique for Metric Adjustment: Factor Solutions for Quintets and Quartets of Countries
Authors: Mylonas Kostas
Published: April 2024

Differential item functioning or item bias is a usual threat in psychological research and many experts in the field such as Kline (1993), Nunnally and Bernstein (1994), and others have suggested various methods for its detection and removal. Item bias in terms of culture has been addressed by Poortinga, Van de Vijver, Leung, Muthén, and others, with most of the proposed methods attempting to minimize variance explained by culture itself by detecting and deleting culturally-biased items from the analysis. This is done through the detection of inequivalent –in terms of factor structure– items and their elimination before comparing for factor equivalence using “culture-free” correlation matrices. The currently proposed alternative statistical technique is to estimate indices of country eccentricity through individual differences Euclidean distance scaling models for the respective weirdness index to be computed and then proceed with variance and raw-scores adjustment, accounting for each item’s variance caused in terms of culture only. Analyzing the beforeadjustment and the after-adjustment correlation matrices through covariance structure analysis and Procrustean rotations, we might be able to evaluate the profits from the adjustment itself. The illustration data for this method were 20 measures from six countries (N=1,655) as presented in the Georgas et al. (2006) 30-nation study on family issues. Following the initial analysis of all six countries, all quintet and quartet combinations of countries were examined and evaluated for the before and after adjustment outcomes. For all 22 combinations, factor loadings after metric adjustment were slightly higher; also, for a large number of country sets, items not included in the factor structure before the adjustment were now entering it. Factor identities were not affected to a large extent, but the factor identities were somewhat altered, revealing interesting facets within each of the broader areas defined by the initial –before the raw score adjustment– factors.
Research and Action on Intimate Partner Violence: Interdisciplinary Convergence of Cultural Community Psychology and Cross-Cultural Psychology
Authors: Mankowski Eric , Galvez Gino , Glass Nancy
Published: April 2024

An analysis of the respective organizational histories, missions, and scholarly activity of the International Association for Cross-cultural Psychology (IACCP) and the Society for Community Research and Action (SCRA) indicates many points of shared values and actions, as well as some important differences. Both scholarly organizations developed out of a similar historical and cultural zeitgeist in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Our missions emphasize the role of culture/diversity in psychological phenomena, adopting an interdisciplinary orientation, the value of collaboration, the importance of research methods and ethics, and the value of action research. However, community psychology generally lacks an adequate treatment of cultural phenomena, while cross-cultural psychology often fails to draw on community and participatory methods useful for understanding culture in context. In this chapter, we examine these common roots and differences and then briefly present a study1 of intimate partner violence (IPV) in a community of Latinos in the United States that illustrates the benefits of an interdisciplinary, cultural community psychology. Finally, we propose several actions to develop further an interdisciplinary collaboration between the two fields.
Uncertainty Orientation: A Theory of Self-Regulation Within and Across Cultures as Related to Cognition
Authors: Szeto Andrew , Sorrentino Richard , Yasunaga Satoru , Nezlek John
Published: April 2024

Erich Fromm once said “the quest for certainty blocks the search for meaning. Uncertainty is the very condition to impel man to unfold his powers.” For some, this quote is unmistakably true, impelling them to great discoveries of nature and the mind. For others, uncertainty is the very essence of confusion and ambiguity, offering nothing more than reason to retreat to more predictable and certain times. In this chapter, we explore the theory of uncertainty orientation as related to cognition and cognitive processes, including research that was conducted in Canada, Japan, and China. First, we discuss the characteristic uncertainty selfregulation styles that distinguish uncertainty-oriented individuals from certainty-oriented individuals. Next, we discuss the uncertainty orientation framework which integrates one’s uncertainty self-regulation style, the uncertainty present in the situation, and one’s characteristic motivations (e.g., achievement motivations) to predict performance outcomes in the related motivation domain. After discussing these basic tenants of our framework, we examine some of the cross-cultural research that has directly tested the predictions of the theory of uncertainty orientation. Concluding, we contrast our conceptualization of culture with how culture is commonly conceived in cross-cultural research.
Taking Advantage of the Circular Structure of Human Values
Authors: Huismans Sipko , van Schuur Wijbrandt
Published: April 2024

Schwartz (1992) has shown that Value Domains have a circular structure. The same circular structure has been observed in so many samples all over the world that we may assume that the circular structure is rather universal. Given this structure, the Value systems of individuals can be fruitfully characterized using only one score, which enables us to describe it extremely economically. The Value Circle score we suggest might be independent of response tendencies and cross culturally valid as well. The purpose of this chapter is (a) to show how such a score can be assigned to individuals and (b) to show the advantages and possibilities we have using such a score for analyzing the relation between religiosity and values.
Enhancing Psychological Assessment in Sub-Saharan Africa through Participant Consultation
Authors: Abubakar Amina , van de Vijver Fons , van Baar Anneloes , Kitsao-Wekulo Patricia , Holding Penny
Published: April 2024

There are few psychological tools developed and standardized for use in sub-Saharan Africa. Consulting with target populations provides a potentially powerful procedure to develop and adapt measures for this population. This review identifies and describes methods used to consult target populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Relevant studies were identified using PsycINFO and PubMed, supplemented by a review of relevant books. We further illustrate the role of participant consultation in psychological assessment with examples of our work in Kilifi (Kenya). Three major approaches are described: focus groups, individual interviews, and participant observation. Participants have been consulted to generate items, identify appropriate assessment procedures, clarify the language used, and define constructs. It is concluded that participant consultation has contributed to the enhancement of construct, content, and criterion validity of studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa.
Management of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kim Jin Hwa
Published: April 2024

Early-onset type 2 diabetes is experiencing a rapid global increase, coinciding with the escalating rates of obesity. In contrast to diagnoses later in life, an earlier diagnosis is associated with unexplained excess risk of microvascular complications, adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and premature mortality. Patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes appear to undergo a more aggressive clinical course, which can be exacerbated by the limited availability of treatments. The heightened burden of complications places individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes at a substantial risk of multimorbidity, underscoring the urgency for interventions to reverse these concerning trends. While the pathophysiology and interventions for adolescent-onset (< 19 years) type 2 diabetes within the early-onset cohort have received considerable attention in research, young adults aged 19~39 years (a larger proportion numerically) remain insufficiently characterized and are notably absent in the current evidence guiding management. Current management approaches derived from trials in later-onset type 2 diabetes may not be suited for this specific demographic. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent findings related to early-onset type 2 diabetes, aiming to contribute valuable insights that could shape future strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Diabetes: Where Does It Come from and Where Does It Go?
Authors: Kim Ji Yoon , Kim Sin Gon
Published: April 2024

Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as powerful medications in the past decade. Numerous clinical trials have reported their cardio-renal protective effects and associated reductions in mortality. The beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in mediating heart failure and chronic kidney disease progression have been consistent across patients with and without diabetes regardless of ejection fraction. Therefore, SGLT2 inhibitors are not only antidiabetic drugs but also medications for heart failure and chronic kidney disease. However, adverse events such as genital infections and diabetic ketoacidosis should be considered. In this review, we explore the journey of SGLT2 inhibitors, often referred to as the “statins of the 21st century,” from their inception to the present day. We introduce the strengths and weaknesses of this medication and discuss unresolved issues that should be taken into considerations when prescribing SGLT2 inhibitors.
The association and underlying mechanism of the digit ratio (2D:4D) in hypospadias
Authors: Ding Yu , Chen Zu-Quan , Pan Wen-Feng , Chen Hao-Jie , Wu Min , Lyu Yi-Qing , Xie Hua , Huang Yi-Chen , Chen Zhong-Zhong , Chen Fang
Published: April 2024

The second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio is thought to be associated with prenatal androgen exposure. However, the relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and hypospadias is poorly understood, and its molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, by analyzing the hand digit length of 142 boys with hypospadias (23 distal, 68 middle, and 51 proximal) and 196 controls enrolled in Shanghai Children’s Hospital (Shanghai, China) from December 2020 to December 2021, we found that the 2D:4D ratio was significantly increased in boys with hypospadias (P < 0.001) and it was positively correlated with the severity of the hypospadias. This was further verified by the comparison of control mice and prenatal low testosterone mice model obtained by knocking out the risk gene (dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 [DNAH8]) associated with hypospadias. Furthermore, the discrepancy was mainly caused by a shift in 4D. Proteomic characterization of a mouse model validated that low testosterone levels during pregnancy can impair the growth and development of 4D. Comprehensive mechanistic explorations revealed that during the androgen-sensitive window, the downregulation of the androgen receptor (AR) caused by low testosterone levels, as well as the suppressed expression of chondrocyte proliferation-related genes such as Wnt family member 5a (Wnt5a), Wnt5b, Smad family member 2 (Smad2), and Smad3; mitochondrial function-related genes in cartilage such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf-1); and vascular development-related genes such as myosin light chain (MLC), notch receptor 3 (Notch3), and sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1), are responsible for the limitation of 4D growth, which results in a higher 2D:4D ratio in boys with hypospadias via decreased endochondral ossification. This study indicates that the ratio of 2D:4D is a risk marker of hypospadias and provides a potential molecular mechanism.
Rare complications of heart transplant: Autopsy findings
Authors: Gupta Devika , Singh Lavan , Kumar Sameer , Singh Kanwaljeet , Mendonca Satish , Chatterjee Tathagat
Published: April 2024

Background:

Heart transplantation has evolved as the only treatment option for patients with refractory heart failure.

Case Presentation:

We here, report two unusual complications that developed following cardiac transplant to which the recipients succumbed. Post mortem conducted revealed the cause of death as severe antibody mediated rejection in one case and ruptured mycotic aneurysm of ascending aorta in the second recipient.

Conclusion:

Hence, autopsy remains the key procedure that can help establish the cause of death after cardiac transplant. It is also imperative for clinicians to have awareness and high index of suspicion for early detection of the ongoing complications and intervene either surgically or medically to prevent catastrophic events.
Strongyloides stercoralis infection masquerading as malignant ascites in a case of angiosarcoma
Authors: Walia Gurpreet K. , Akal Ramanjit S. , Singh Abhishek , Pothedar Jayanth
Published: April 2024

Strongyloides stercoralis is a parasitic nematode that infects millions of people worldwide. It primarily infects humans but can also be found in domestic animals and primates. The severity of infection varies from asymptomatic to life-threatening complications. We present a case of a 56-year-old male with a known case of angiosarcoma liver with massive ascites and low-grade fever. He was clinically diagnosed as having malignant ascites and was planned for chemotherapy. During therapeutic cum diagnostic ascitic tap, cell block sections revealed the presence of cross sections of nematode S. stercoralis gravid uterus with eggs. Later, stool for ova and cysts also revealed multiple larval forms of the nematode. S. stercoralis hyperinfection is often accompanied by sepsis or meningitis with enteric organisms. Patient was started on tab. ivermectin 12 mg once a day for two days (in the standard dosage of 200 mcg/kg) was then repeated in the same dosage for another two days after two weeks, and gradually the ascites settled. Post-treatment ascitic tap cell block preparations did not show any parasites. Patient has been on follow-up for 6 months, and he remains asymptomatic.
Distinctive presentation of neurobrucellosis as myelitis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yin Jiali , Gu Wei , Huan Ying , Li Zhengnan
Published: April 2024

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious allergic disease caused by Brucella that is widely distributed throughout the world. Brucella can invade various systems of the human body, such as the joints, the reproductive system, the spine, and the nervous system. Among patients with brucellosis, neurobrucellosis (NB) mainly manifests as nervous system symptoms in only 1.7–10% of patients and can cause a misdiagnosis. We reported a case of NB that presented as myelitis as the main clinical presentation and reviewed the relevant literature. It is suggested that clinicians should consider NB, especially atypical neurological symptoms, when there is a suspicious contact history.
Clinical profile of central nervous system space-occupying lesions and their association with CD4 counts in patients with HIV: A prospective observational study
Authors: Sawardekar Vinayak M. , Sawadh Ritesh K. , Sawardekar Veena , Singh Balbir , Wankhade Bhushan
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Neurological manifestations are one of the major concerns for patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The secondary spectrum includes space-occupying lesions (SOL), including tuberculoma, cryptococcosis, candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).

Aim:

To assess the neurological manifestations, disease outcome, and their associations with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts in patients with HIV.

Materials and Methods:

This single-center, prospective, observational study was performed in the Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care institute, over a period of 2 years (January 2017 to December 2018). The study included 150 known or newly diagnosed HIV patients with CNS SOL. The physical examination, laboratory investigations, and imaging were conducted on every patient, and the findings were noted.

Results:

The patients mainly presented with hemiparesis (52%), had involvement of the frontal region (38.7%), and were diagnosed with tuberculoma (29.3%). Other diagnoses were toxoplasmosis (22.7%), PML (17.3%), PCNSL (15.3%), brain abscess (10%), and neurocysticercosis (5.3%). Of 150 patients, 136 (90.7%) were survivors, while 14 (9.3%) were non-survivors. The mean CD4 count was significantly less in patients with toxoplasmosis (P < 0.0001) and PCNSL (P = 0.02), and significantly higher in patients with tuberculoma (P < 0.0001) and brain abscess (P = 0.0009) relative to other causes of SOL. Moreover, the mean CD4 count was not significantly associated with survivors and non-survivors (P = 0.28).

Conclusion:

In patients with HIV, CD4 count was significantly low in toxoplasmosis and PCNSL, and high in tuberculoma and brain abscess.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia with pulmonary embolism mimicking tuberculosis
Authors: Jethani Varuna , Khanduri Sushant , Batra Ankit , Sinha Shivam
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) comprises a group of human neoplastic diseases that derive from fetal trophoblastic tissues. They are proliferative as well as degenerative disorders of placental elements and include complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) or partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) (90%), invasive mole (IM) (5–8%), which could also be metastatic, villous, or villous choriocarcinoma (CC) (1–2%), and placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) (1–2%). We present three cases of GTN, two mimicking tuberculosis radiologically, and all three are associated with pulmonary embolism.
Going the extra mile: Developing an interactive mobile application for maternal and infant care for tribal birth attendants
Authors: Dwivedi Rakhi , Goel Akhil D. , Vyas Varuna , Sharma Prem P. , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Dixit Shilpi G. , Singh Pratibha , Singh Kuldeep , Mohan Kriti , Kalra Sumit
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Mobile health applications are an established tool for healthcare management, patient education, and even capacity building for healthcare providers. However, its use among traditional birth attendants (TBAs) is limited. The aim of this study is to explore the needs and bottlenecks of developing an interactive mobile application for maternal and infant care (MAI) of TBAs.

Materials and Methods:

It is a qualitative study having in-depth interviews (face-to-face approach) conducted among the seekers of MAI services. Setting: This study is conducted in tribal and rural locations in the district Sirohi, Rajasthan. Participants: TBAs and tribal females of reproductive age in tribal-dominated areas have participated. The development of an interactive mobile application MAI has three phases: (1) a need-based approach to identify the needs on the ground; (2) identifying intervention bottlenecks and possible solutions; (3) design and development of the mobile application.

Results:

Ninety-six tribal females of reproductive age participated in the needs assessment. Eighty percent of them were ≤ 30 years of age and 40% of them were uneducated. Most participants informed that lack of information (culturally/locally appropriate content), peer advocacy, affordability, lack of transportation, and the influence of TBAs are the significant factors for less uptake of maternity and child health services in the tribal and rural areas.

Conclusion:

The MAI app has culturally/locally appropriate content and is prepared by the local TBAs and Accredited Social Health Activists, with full local character and clothing. MAI app has videos and audio in the local language (Marwari) with pictorial quizzes. Using the MAI app, TBAs may self-educate and guide tribal pregnant women about maternal hygiene and infant healthcare as needed at various stages of pregnancy and childbirth.
Effect of topical steroid on soft tissue swelling following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Authors: Chen Weifu , Tian Long , Pan Wenjun
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is the most commonly used surgical approach for treating cervical spine conditions, but it can often lead to postoperative swallowing difficulties. To retrospectively assess the effects of topical triamcinolone acetonide in the anterior cervical surgery on swallowing function.

Methods:

In this study, a retrospective design was used to select patients aged 18 years and older who were diagnosed with cervical spondylosis and required anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Among them, the patients in the experimental group used triamcinolone acetonide topically in front of the plate during surgery, and the control group was the patients who did not use triamcinolone acetonide. The sex, age, operation time, operation segment, and preoperative soft tissue area were compared between the two groups.

Results:

There were no significant differences in gender, age, operation time, and segment between the two groups. For the preoperative soft tissue area, triamcinolone acetonide was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

The retrospective results of this study support that topical triamcinolone acetonide as a treatment in anterior cervical surgery can significantly reduce soft tissue swelling, and no effect was found on the operation time, postoperative blood loss, and segment. These findings provide an important basis for clinical care teams to make treatment decisions and confirm the effectiveness of triamcinolone acetonide in improving swallowing function. However, there was a possibility of information collection and selection bias due to the limitations of retrospective studies. To confirm and further advance the use of this treatment, more rigorous prospective randomized controlled trials are recommended to validate these preliminary results.
Diabetic retinopathy: Knowledge, awareness, and practices in primary-care centers in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Almohsen Maryam A.H. , Khella Mariam M.H. , Alfayez Fatema N.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

With the growing incidence of diabetic-related complications such as retinopathy and the well-understood role of screening and telemedicine around the world in preventing and managing this potentially blinding disease, there comes the importance of awareness toward this silent eye condition. Awareness ideally should be raised both from the patients’ and physicians’ perspectives. This study aims to assess the awareness of primary care physicians (PCPs) towards diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its management.

Materials and Methods:

A survey considering professional background, knowledge, and practices was distributed electronically to all PCPs in the Kingdom of Bahrain and analyzed using SPSS Vs 21.

Results:

A total of 83 physicians completed the survey; 81.9% were female and 96.4% were Bahraini. More than 60% of them accurately knew screening guidelines for type 1 and 2 DR. Of the total, 72.5% would refer patients to the ophthalmologist even if asymptomatic, and 97.6% correctly stated that a dilated eye exam is the method of choice most efficient for assessing DR. Nearly 60% knew about the current treatment modalities for DR and 91.3% knew about the presence of a national screening program in the Kingdom.

Conclusion:

The overall knowledge of DR was good with some potential gaps in information about screening. PCPs could benefit from regular refresher courses for more precise practices on screening and referral of retinopathy.
Role of ultrasonography (USG) and color Doppler in the evaluation of thyroid nodules and its association with USG-guided FNAC – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Tripura Nani G. , Malik Amita , Khanna Geetika , Mohil R. S.
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Thyroid diseases affect approximately 42 million people in India. The majority (15%–40%) of these cases remain asymptomatic and benign and warrant special investigations such as ultrasonography (USG) and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for diagnosis. Early diagnosis and management of thyroid disorders determine the disease course in many patients.

Objective:

To determine the role of USG and color Doppler in the evaluation of thyroid nodules and its association with USG-guided FNAC.

Methods:

We did a cross-sectional analytical study over 2 years, where we recruited 108 patients with thyroid swelling attending the OPD. We used a semi-structured data collection proforma that captured information on sociodemographic details, clinical symptoms, physical examination, and all ne cessary laboratory investigations. All patients underwent USG, color Doppler, and FNAC as a part of the investigation of thyroid nodules. The diagnostic value of ultrasound and Doppler parameters was assessed in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy for detection of malignancy in comparison to FNAC.

Results:

Approximately 155 nodules were identified from the selected 108 cases, and the prevalence of malignancy among the selected thyroid nodule patients was found to be 9.1%. We observed that malignant tumors were likely to be solitary with lobulated margins, >2 cm in size with <50% peripheral halo, with markedly hypoechoic, predominantly solid, with nodal involvement and extrathyroidal extension, microcalcifications, and central vascularity. We also observed that tumors that had USG characteristics of being taller than wide (91%), poorly defined margins (92%), marked hypoechoic (95%), and microcalcifications (96%) had the highest diagnostic accuracy in detecting malignancy when compared to FNAC.

Conclusion:

Thus, through our study findings, we conclude that USG and color Doppler can serve as vital tools for the evaluation of thyroid nodules with high sensitivity and specificity.
Corrigendum to “Logarithmic Sobolev and interpolation inequalities on the sphere: Constructive stability results”
Authors: Brigati Giovanni , Dolbeault Jean , Simonov Nikita
Published: April 2024

This corrigendum corrects several mistakes in Appendix B.3 of [Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré Anal. Non Linéaire (2023).

.
Aluminum Alloy, Extrusions 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr (7175-T73511) Solution Heat Treated, Stress Relieved by Stretching, Straightened, and Overaged
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: April 2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of extruded bars, rods, and profiles 0.250 to 2.000 inches (6.35 to 50.80 mm) in nominal thickness and up to 32 square inches (206 cm2), inclusive, in cross-sectional area (see 8.5).
Steel, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Welding Wire 20.5Cr - 9.0Ni - 0.50Mo - 1.5W - 1.2Cb - 0.20Ti Vacuum Induction Melted
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: April 2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant steel in the form of welding wire.
Static Axial O-Ring Seal Applications Without Anti-Extrusion Devices for Engine and Engine Control Systems
Authors:   A-6C2 Seals Committee
Published: April 2024

This document establishes standard gland design criteria and dimensions for static axial O-ring seal applications without anti-extrusion devices specifically for engines and engine control systems operating at a maximum pressure of 1500 psi (10345 kPa).

NOTE: The criteria herein are similar, but not identical, to those in AS4716 and the legacy standard MIL-G-5514.
Methods and Processes for Evaluation of Aerodynamic Effects of SAE-Qualified Aircraft Deicing/Anti-Icing Fluids
Authors:   G-12ADF Aircraft Deicing Fluids
Published: April 2024

This ARP describes methods that are known to have been used by aircraft manufacturers to evaluate aircraft aerodynamic performance and handling effects following application of aircraft ground deicing/anti-icing fluids (“fluids”), as well as methods under development. Guidance and insight based upon those experiences are provided, including:

Similarity analyses.

Icing wind tunnel tests.

Flight tests.

CFD and other numerical analyses.

This ARP also describes:

The history of evaluation of the aerodynamic effects of fluids.

The effects of fluids on aircraft aerodynamics.

The testing for aerodynamic acceptability of fluids for SAE and regulatory qualification performed in accordance with AS5900.

Additionally, Appendices A to E present individual aircraft manufacturers’ histories and methodologies, which substantially contributed to the improvement of knowledge and processes for the evaluation of fluid aerodynamic effects, and Appendix F considers the modeling of fluid removal from aerodynamic surfaces.
Spring Pins, Tubular, Slotted Corrosion and Moderate Heat Resistant Steel Procurement Specification for
Authors:   E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Published: April 2024

This procurement specification covers tubular-shaped, slotted spring pins made of a corrosion and moderate heat resistant, martensitic iron base alloy of the type identified under the Unified Numbering System as UNS S42000 and heat treated to permit flexure when inserted into a hole.
Undercuts for Straight Screw Threads - Metric
Authors:   E-25 General Standards for Aerospace and Propulsion Systems
Published: April 2024

This SAE Aerospace Standard (MA) provides recommended dimensional data for screw thread undercuts for straight “MJ” metric screw threads in accordance with MA1370.
ECONOMY, FINANCE, MANAGEMENT: WORLD PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
Authors: Vladlenov Denis , Andrushchak Igor , Косташ Тетяна , Сакун Аліна , Пристемський Олександр , Мороз Людмила Іванівна , Chatchenko Tetiana , Shmorgun Leonid , Prykhodko Yuriy , Degodiuk Eduard , Denysenko Mykola , Breus Svitlana , Panchenko Volodymyr , Prytula Yehor , Kolmakova Valentyna , Sotnychenko Lyudmila , Kuzmenko Kateryna , Staneva Yana , Tabenskyy Sergiy , Добровольська Елла , Покотильська Наталія , Korbutiak Alina , Sokrovols’ka Nataliia , Kvasnytska Raisa , Payuk Anna , Заславська Ольга , Кретов Дмитро , Rozghon Yulia , Melnyk Leonid , Matsenko Oleksandr , Kalinichenko Liudmyla , Kyrylenko Maksym , Dovgal Оlena , Sidorov Mykhailo , Заюков Іван , Друзь Марина , Марченко Вікторія , Краснікова Наталія , Михайленко Ольга , Kaplina Anastasia , Балаклеєць Кирило Юрійович , Ковалевська Алла Володимирівна , Живко Зінаїда Богданівна , Боруцька Юлія Володимирівна , Родченко Світлана Сергіївна , Живко Михайло Олександрович , Шегинська Анастасія Іванівна , Зеленська Людмила , Гречаник Олена , Савенко Олена Анатоліївна , Burlitska Oksana , Sholomeichuk Serhii , Zhydovska Nataliia , Andrushko Ruslana , Дрималовська Христина , Греб Ольга , Михайленко Ольга , Пащенко Ольга
Published: April 2024

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The content and reliability of the articles are the responsibility of the authors. When using and borrowing materials reference to the publication is required.
CURRENT ISSUES OF THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Vladlenov Denis , Ярошевська Тамара Василівна , Spytska Liana , Zaiats Roman , Kuzmenko Olena , Stolyarskiy Oleg , Kuzmenko Valentyn , Ковбасюк Степан Валерійович
Published: April 2024

All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The content and reliability of the articles are the responsibility of the authors. When using and borrowing materials reference to the publication is required.
Effects of folic acid versus nicotine on bone development
Authors: Doğan Kadirhan , Nisari Mehtap , Payas Ahmet , Ertekin Tolga , Güler Hatice , Al Özge
Published: April 2024

Objective: Nicotine, during pregnancy, harms not only the mother but also fetal tissues directly and indirectly. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of folic acid given against nicotine used during pregnancy on bone development of fetuses.

Methods: 18 adult female rats were divided into control, low-dose nicotine (LDN), high-dose nicotine (HDN), low-dose nicotine + folic acid (LDN + FA), high-dose nicotine + folic acid (HDN + FA), and folic acid (FA) group equally. During 20 days, 1 ml/kg serum physiologic (SP) solution to the control group, 3 mg/kg nicotine to DDN, 6 mg/kg nicotine to YDN, 3 mg/kg nicotine and 400 µg/kg FA to DDN+FA, 6 mg/kg nicotine and 400 µg/kg FA to YDN+FA, 400 µg/kg FA to the FA group was administered. Bones of fetuses taken by cesarean section on the 20th day of pregnancy were stained with the bilateral skeleton staining technique. The stained anterior and posterior extremity bones were photographed under a stereomicroscope. Bone length, extent of ossification and percentage of ossification were measured. Statistical data were evaluated using the R programming language (v. 3.2.3).

Results: The bone development of DDN and YDN groups was significantly lower and DDN+FA and YDN+FA groups was close to the control group (p
EPİLEPSİ HASTALARINDA UYKU BOZUKLUKLARI: ANKET ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Duran Selcen , Çelikbilek Asuman , Sahin Burc Esra , Yetiş Aysu , Konar Naime Meric
Published: April 2024

Giriş: Epilepsi ve uyku bozuklukları karşılıklı olarak birbirini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı takibimizde olan epilepsi hastalarında sık görülen uyku bozukluklarını ve bu bozuklukların hastalık süresi, nöbet tipi ve sıklığı, antiepileptik ilaç (AEİ) sayısı ve türü ile ilişkisini incelemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: 99 epilepsi tanılı hasta bu anket çalışmamıza dahil edildi. Demografik veriler, epilepsi hastalık süresi, nöbet tipi ve sıklığı, kullanılan AEİ sayısı ve türü, yüz yüze sorgulanarak kaydedildi. Tüm hastalara, Pittsburg uyku kalite indeksi (PUKİ), Epworth uykululuk ölçeği (EUÖ), Berlin uyku anketi (BUA) ve huzursuz bacaklar sendromu (HBS) anketi uygulandı.

Bulgular: Epilepsi hastalarımızda PUKİ skoru 5 puan ve üzeri olan hasta sayısı 56 (%56.6), EUÖ skoru 10 puan ve üzeri olan hasta sayısı 9 (%9.1), BUA’ne göre obstüktif uyku apne sendromu (OUAS) için yüksek riskli hasta sayısı 53 (%53.5) idi. Hastaların 25 (%25.3)’ inde HBS varlığı tespit edildi. PUKİ skoru jeneralize epilepsili hastalarda anlamlı yüksek (kötü uyku kalitesi) tespit edildi (p=0.045). PUKİ (p=0.035), EUÖ (p=0.043) ve BUA (p=0.039) skorlarının hepsi HBS var olan hastalarda, olmayanlara göre anlamlı yüksek idi.

Sonuç: Hastalarımızda yüksek oranda HBS, kötü uyku kalitesi ve artmış OUAS riski bulduk. HBS' si olan epilepsi hastalarımızda, olmayanlara göre kötü uyku kalitesi, gündüz aşırı uykululuk ve OUAS riskini anlamlı yüksek bulduk. Epileptik bireylerde uyku bozukluklarının varlığının ısrarla sorgulanması gerektiğini düşünüyoruz.
Medical Devices for the Management of Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Carrola Costa João , Dias Leonor , Carvalho Marta
Published: April 2024

The increasing number of medical devices developed and marketed towards management of patients with epilepsy reflects the growing interest in translating technological advances and knowledge about epilepsy into better healthcare for this population.
The objective of this narrative literature review is to analyze the available options of medical devices for detecting, treating, and recording epileptic seizures, and their potential clinical application. The included articles were selected from the PubMed database using the query “(Epilepsy[MeSH Terms]) AND (SUDEP)) AND (Medical Device)) AND (English[Language])”.
The detection of epileptic seizures is essential for early intervention and to optimize the therapy for each patient. In outpatient settings, this detection is further challenging due to their unpredictability. Traditionally electroencephalography is the direct detection method used in a hospital environment. Indirect methods, such as electrocardiogram, photoplethysmography, oximeter, electrodermal activity, accelerometer, and electromyography, have shown potential for detecting seizures in the outpatient setting.
Several medical devices have been developed based on the mentioned methods, with the aim of providing patients with solutions they can use in their daily lives.
Behind-the-ear EEG, wristbands, armbands and bed sensors are some of the designs available. Equipped with different features, these devices can answer the need for early seizure detection and improve patients’ and caregivers’ quality of life.
There are also devices available for the treatment of epileptic seizures. Through neuromodulation techniques such as vagus nerve stimulation, deep brain stimulation, and responsive neurostimulation, these devices are presented as solutions for patients with refractory epilepsy not eligible for ressective surgery. Patients with epilepsy have several apps available online for proper recording of seizures. These apps help doctors optimize therapy based on clinical evolution. The wide range of devices available creates the opportunity to personalize the approach to patient’s specific needs. Understanding each device’s characteristics can help clinicians improve management of patients with epilepsy.
Medición de habilidades socioemocionales en los estudiantes de la especialidad económico-administrativo del bachillerato especializado en contaduría y administración (BECA)
Authors: Gómez Ramos Iris Kentya
Published: April 2024

Las habilidades socioemocionales hacen referencia a las herramientas que permiten a las personas entender y regular sus emociones, comprender las de los demás, sentir y mostrar empatía por los otros; así como, establecer y desarrollar relaciones positivas, la toma de decisiones responsables, así como definir y alcanzar metas personales. Por tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es medir las habilidades socioemocionales que poseen los alumnos del bachillerato especializado en contaduría y administración de la Universidad Autónoma “Benito Juárez” de Oaxaca (UABJO) para identificar sus fortalezas y debilidades emocionales, con el propósito de conocer sus necesidades de apoyo psicológico. Por lo cual, se realizó mediante una metodología de tipo cualitativa, con el método dialéctico-crítico. Obteniendo como resultado que, los estudiantes carecen de una adecuada inteligencia emocional, en donde se les dificulta en gran manera reconocer y expresar sus emociones, no solo en la escuela si no en sus hogares también. Además, existe un porcentaje menor de alumnos que a pesar de no poder autorregularse son capaces de lograr algunas de sus metas. Realizando un esfuerzo mayor y con tiempo prolongado, logran los objetivos que se proponen.
How Society is Being Shaped by Technology
Authors: Vargas Sarahi
Published: April 2024

Due to the advancement in technology, human society have began to rely on the need of technology. For instance, tablets and iPads have come to play a big role in education. Anthropology can help understand these instances, based on the theoretical ideas anthropologists have developeloped. Anthropologists such as: Marvin Harris, Franz Boas, and Eric Wolf.  All three of these anthropologists have a different position of what they believe anthropology should be.  Marvin Harris argues that anthropology should be a science as he explains a model that shows how cultural materialism affects the sociocultural system. This same model can be used to show how technology has shaped society. Franz Boas believed when studying anthropology, a holistic approach should be taken into consideration. He viewed anthropology to be part of the humanities, and his theoretical position is important as we view how all apects of human society is being affected by technological advancements. Thirdly, Eric Wolf relies inbetween the two as he believes that when studying anthropology, new intellectual ideas should be involved. Although they have differences and similarities in their work, these three anthropologists can view how our society has been shaped by technology.
Perspective on giving child birth in the United States
Authors: De La Torre Ana
Published: April 2024

Childbirth is part of being human. Although the basics of childbirth are the same all around the world, it is approached differently culturally. In the same way if anthropologist studied and analyzed childbirth, they would approach the topic differently. Anthropologist Ruth Benedict, Marvin Harris, and Bruno Latour would all use their own theories to analyze and learn about childbirth. Each approach would be different and conclude different outcomes. However, no one approach is correct. It is important to acknowledge the value of approaching a single topic with different perspectives.
Profiles of Immunoglobulin G Antibody Subclass Responses Specific to MSP3 and UB05 in Plasma of Malaria Negative Children Living in Two Different Agro-ecological Settings of Cameroon
Authors: Nchinda Godwin W
Published: April 2024

Introduction: In malaria endemic areas, antibody specific to promising asexual blood stage malaria vaccine candidates have been demonstrated to play a critical role in protection during sub-clinical malaria. In this context naturally acquired protective immunity is usually driven by blood stage antigen specific IgG antibody subclass responses among which the cytophilic antibody subclasses IgG1 and IgG3 remain the most relevant. Thus, we have assessed IgG antibody subclass responses specific to Plasmodium spp. derived MSP3 and UB05 malaria vaccine candidates, in plasma of children living in areas differing in malaria transmission intensity within Cameroon.

Methods: Using MSP3 and UB05 displayed upon the surface of recombinant RNA coliphage Qβ as previously described in our group, IgG antibody subclass responses specific to both immunogens were profiled in plasma from both P. falciparum (Pf) infected and uninfected malaria asymptomatic children.

Results: In malaria negative children living in low transmission areas the cytophilic antibody subclasses IgG1 and IgG3 specific to UB05 were significantly higher (P<0.0001) than those specific to MSP3. In contrast IgG1 and IgG3 antibody subclass responses specific to MSP3 were instead significantly higher (P<0.0001 for IgG1; P=0.0007 for IgG3) in their counterparts living in high malaria transmission settings. In asymptomatic Pf infected children living in both areas, whereas IgG1 antibody subclass responses specific to MSP3 was significantly higher (P<0.0001) than the responses specific to UB05, IgG3 antibody subclass responses specific to UB05 was significantly higher (P<0.0001).

Conclusion: Thus, there is a differential generation of cytophilic antibody subclasses specific (IgG1 and IgG3) to two classical asexual blood stage antigens in children living within these areas in a malaria endemic region. Whereas for Pf negative children living in low malaria transmission areas UBO5 specific IgG1 and IgG3 correlated best with naturally acquired immunity against malaria; elevated MSP3 targeted cytophilic antibodies were instead prominent in high malaria transmission areas. Thus, repeated exposure to malaria as it is the case with bimodal as against monomodal rainfall areas might be necessary for sustaining high levels of MSP3 specific cytophilic antibodies. This probably tags MSP3 as an unsuitable candidate to measure correlates of protective immunity against malaria.