bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tabular Transformer Generative Adversarial Network for Heterogeneous distribution in healthcare
Authors: Kang Ha Ye Jin , Ko Minsam , Ryu Kwang Sun
Published: March 2024

In healthcare, the most common type of data is tabular data, which hold high significance and potential in the field of medical AI. However, privacy concerns have hindered their widespread use. Despite the emergence of synthetic data as a viable solution, the generation of healthcare tabular data (HTD) is complex owing to the extensive interdependencies between the variables within each record that incorporate diverse clinical characteristics, including sensitive information. To overcome these issues, this study proposed a tabular transformer generative adversarial network (TT-GAN) to generate synthetic data that can effectively consider the relationships between variables potentially present in the HTD dataset. Transformers can consider the relationships between the columns in each record using a multi-attention mechanism. In addition, to address the potential risk of restoring sensitive data in patient information, a Transformer was employed in a generative adversarial network (GAN) architecture, to ensure an implicit-based algorithm. To consider the heterogeneous characteristics of the continuous variables in the HTD dataset, the discretization and converter methodology were applied. The experimental results confirmed the superior performance of the TT-GAN than the Conditional Tabular GAN (CTGAN) and copula GAN. Discretization and converters were proven to be effective using our proposed Transformer algorithm. However, the application of the same methodology to Transformer-based models without discretization and converters exhibited a significantly inferior performance. The CTGAN and copula GAN indicated minimal effectiveness with discretization and converter methodologies. Thus, the TT-GAN exhibited considerable potential in healthcare, demonstrating its ability to generate artificial data that closely resembled real healthcare datasets. The ability of the algorithm to handle different types of mixed variables efficiently, including polynomial, discrete, and continuous variables, demonstrated its versatility and practicality in health care research and data synthesis.
Fusion of dual-targeting peptides with MAP30 promotes the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Yang Yixuan , Chen Weiwei , Gan Li , Sun Yu , Lin Tong , Zhao Weichun , ZHU Zhenhong
Published: March 2024

Momordica antiviral protein 30 kDa (MAP30) is a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) with antibacterial, anti-HIV and antitumor activities but lacks the ability to target tumor cells. To increase its tumor-targeting ability, the arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) peptide and the epidermal growth factor receptor interference (EGFRi) peptide were fused with MAP30, which was named ELRL-MAP30. The use of targeted therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells, which lack the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), Progesterone receptor (PgR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), is limited. In this study, we focused on exploring the effect and mechanism of ELRL-MAP30 on TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells. First, we discovered that ELRL-MAP30 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells and induced MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis. Moreover, ELRL-MAP30 treatment significantly reduced Bcl-2 protein expression and increased BAX protein expression. Furthermore, ELRL-MAP30 triggered apoptosis via the Fak/EGFR/Erk and Ilk/Akt signaling pathways. In addition, recombinant ELRL-MAP30 can also inhibit chicken embryonic angiogenesis, indicating its potential therapeutic effects on tumor angiogenesis. Collectively, these results indicate that ELRL-MAP30 has significant tumor-targeting properties in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells and reveals potential therapeutic effects on angiogenesis. These findings indicate the potential role of ELRL-MAP30 in the targeted treatment of the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231.
Enhancing Molecular Property Prediction with Gaussian-Enhanced Graph Matching
Authors: xiaonan Li , Guanyu Li , Bo Ning , Xin zhou
Published: March 2024

In recent years, graph neural network technology has revolutionized molecular graph matching methods, offering new opportunities for drug discovery. Central to this research are two key steps: latent representation learning of molecules and molecular graph matching. However, the challenge lies in effectively capturing and expressing the intricate features of molecular graphs, given their strict chemical rules and high structural complexity. To address this, we propose a gaussian-enhanced graph matching method. This approach combines a dual-channel message-passing neural network, based in the GIN algorithm, to encode both nodes and edges of molecules, enabling precise representations of molecular graphs. Additionally, an end-to-end graph similarity calculation model is introduced, assessing similarity at both the node and global levels. By integrating these evaluations, we obtain a comprehensive similarity score for molecular graph pairs. This method enhances the accuracy and interpretability of molecular structural similarity. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our model compared to state-of-the-art baseline methods, marking a significant step forward in molecular property prediction.
Oak seedling microbiome assembly under climate warming and drought
Authors: Hoefle Daniel , Sommer Milena , Wassermann Birgit , Faticov Maria , Serra Demetrio , Berg Gabriele , Tack Ayco J.M. , Abdelfattah Ahmed
Published: March 2024

Despite that climate change is currently one of the most pervasive challenges, its effects on the plant-associated microbiomes is still poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of climate warming and drought on the microbiome assembly of oak plants from seed to seedling. In a multifactorial experimental set up, acorns were subjected to different temperature (15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C) and soil moisture levels (drought (15 %) and control (60 %)) from germination until the seedling stage, after which the bacterial and fungal communities associated with the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of the seedlings were characterized. The interaction of temperature and drought affected both the bacterial and the fungal communities, whereas the latter was more affected. Specifically, the interaction influenced bacterial and fungal community composition in rhizosphere and fungal diversity and abundance in phyllosphere; overall, the effects were contrasting depending on soil moisture level. Further, temperature and drought separately affected the oak microbiome, though temperature had a stronger effect. Temperature affected bacterial and fungal diversity and abundance and bacterial community composition in phyllosphere and bacterial and fungal community composition and abundance in rhizosphere. In contrast, drought separately only affected fungal abundance in phyllosphere and bacterial and fungal community composition and abundance in rhizosphere. Regardless of temperature, Actinobacteriota was significantly enriched in drought conditions. This study provides new insights into climate change related impacts on the plant-associated microbiota of a major forest tree species such as oak.
A Comparative Analysis of Deep Learning Models for Multi-class Speech Emotion Detection
Authors: V Anchana. , Elango N. M.
Published: March 2024

In today's digital age, where communication transcends traditional boundaries, the exploration of deep learning models for Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) holds immense significance. As we increasingly interact through digital platforms, understanding and interpreting emotions becomes crucial. Deep learning models, with their ability to autonomously learn intricate patterns and representations, offer unparalleled potential in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of SER systems. This project delves into models for multi-class speech emotion recognition on the Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song (RAVDESS). The RAVDESS dataset contains 1440 speech audio recordings from 24 professional actors, expressing 8 different emotions: neutral, calm, happy, sad, angry, fearful, surprise, and disgust. Models including Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTMs), Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs), Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCNs), and ensembles were developed. Additionally, data augmentation through pitch shifting, noise injection, and a combination thereof expanded the dataset. Besides spectrogram inputs, handcrafted audio features like Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs), Chroma Short-time Fourier transform, root mean square, and zero crossing rate were experimented with as inputs to further boost model performance. The best-performing models were a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN), achieving 96.88% testing accuracy, and a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) achieving 97.04% testing accuracy in classifying the 8 emotions, outperforming previous benchmark results on this dataset.
Causal association between hallux valgus and osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ding Yuan , Xue Zichao , Xu Wenlong , Zhang Jie , Han Zhiyuan , Meng Ye
Published: March 2024

Background
Hallux valgus (HV) is considered to be associated with osteoarthritis (OA). However, the causal relationship between HV and OA remains confounded.
Methods
In this study, we aimed to examine the causal effect of HV and OA using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, which included MR Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighting (IVW) and weighted mode method.
Results
HV was demonstrated as a causal risk factor of total OA by IVW method (OR = 1.008, 95% CI = 1.004–1.012, p = 1.758 × 10− 3). To further confirm the causal association between HV and various types of OA, we performed validation in knee OA and hip OA and showed that HV was the cause of knee OA (OR = 1.347, 95% CI = 1.100-1.649, p = 0.004), but not hip OA (OR = 1.103, 95% CI = 0.807–1.507, p = 0.539).
Conclusion
This study provided robust evidence of a causal relationship between HV and knee OA, indicating that HV should be corrected promptly to reduce the incidence of OA.
Low-dimensional intrinsic dimension reveals a phase transition in gradient-based learning of deep neural networks
Authors: Tan Chengli , Zhang Jiangshe , Liu Junmin , Zhao Zixiang
Published: March 2024

Deep neural networks complete a feature extraction task by propagating the inputs through multiple modules. However, how the representations evolve with the gradient-based optimization remains unknown. Here we leveraged the intrinsic dimension of the representations to study the learning dynamics and found that the training process underwent a phase transition from expansion to compression under disparate training regimes---a phenomenon that is ubiquitous across a wide variety of model architectures, optimizers, and data sets. We showed that the variation in the intrinsic dimension is consistent with the complexity of the learned hypothesis, which can be quantitatively assessed by the critical sample ratio that was rooted in adversarial robustness. Meanwhile, we mathematically demonstrated that this phenomenon can be analyzed in terms of the mutable correlation between neurons. Although the evoked activities obey a power-law decaying rule in biological circuits, we identified that the power-law exponent of the representations in deep neural networks predicted adversarial robustness well only at the end of the training but not during the training process. These results together suggest that deep neural networks are prone to producing robust representations by adaptively eliminating or retaining redundancies. The code is publicly available at \url{https://github.com/cltan023/learning2022}.
Perception of patients’ rights in clinical services among clients attending the outpatientdepartment at the Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Ernest Bahat , Ochieng Joseph , Kwagala Betty
Published: March 2024

Background:Ethical principles and patients’ rights should guide all encounters with patients. Failureto observe ethical guidelines can lead to patientdissatisfaction and medical malpractice,and without anappropriate understanding of the patient’s rights, the healthcare team may at times be prone to various tendencies, such as failure to respect patientautonomy, such as acting in a paternalist manner or making clinical decisions on behalf of the patientor family. Anotherway to do socan occur, including cases in which not all options, risks or side effects may be appropriately disclosed. This study explored the perceptions of patients’ rights toclinical services among clients attending the outpatient department at the Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital.
Methods:This was an exploratory cross-sectional study design that employed qualitative methods fordata collection. The study was carried out among 34 clients attending the outpatient department at Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital in the Kilimanjaro region, Tanzania: the medical unit, the Care and Treatment Clinic (CTC) unit, the gynecology unit, and the TB and leprosy unit. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 participants, while 14 participants participated in group discussions. The datawere analysed via inductive thematic analysis, which allowed the data to identifyand determine the themes in this study, which were then presented in the form of extracts or quotes. Nvivo 12 software was used to support the data analysis.
Results: The majority of the participants perceived that patients' rights were well implemented in health facilities and that they were satisfied with them. The minority stated that they are not satisfied with patients' rights because of various challenges that cause their rights to be poorly implemented. The main reasons for the poor implementation and dissatisfaction suggested were corruption in health facilities, the beating of patients, wastage of time while in health care facilities, poor communication with some health care providers, a shortage of medical equipment and healthcare providers, gaps in existing regulations, and follow-up.
Conclusion:To enhance satisfaction with patients' rights, there is a need for more sensitization of patients' rights through the client's service charter for health facilities and a relevant health policy to guide the implementation of patients' rights.
Comparison of the implementation of a flood evacuation model on two different geographical agent-based platforms: Netlogo and Gama.
Authors: Mamy RAKOTOARISOA Mahefa , Taïbi Aude Nuscia , Fleurant Cyril , Théodore Razakamanana
Published: March 2024

Agent-based simulation has gained interest in geography in recent years. Several platforms facilitate the development of spatially focused multi-agent models. However, each platform and language has its own specificities, and the same conceptual model can lead to different behaviors and results depending on the type of implementation used. Reproducing the same model on multiple platforms is the best way to test its reliability, while eliminating biases related to implementation. This "good practice" is still very rare, yet essential for making a more robust model. In this paper we present the implementation of the same conceptual model on two distinct platforms (Netlogo and Gama). Despite some overall similarities in the results, differences are observed in the outputs and functioning. These variabilities come from various factors, but a significant proportion results from the different ways of integrating geographical data, which differ between the two platforms. To highlight this geographical aspect, we use a conceptual model dealing with a flood evacuation.
Identifying Species of Pathogens Causing Bitter Rot of Apples in Illinois and Efficacy of Fungicides for Managing the Disease
Authors: Acheampong Festus , Miller Andrew N. , Babadoost Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Outbreaks of bitter rot disease occurred in Illinois apple (Malus ×domestica) orchards during 2010–20. This study was conducted to assess the incidence of bitter rot in commercial apple orchards in Illinois, identify pathogen species that cause bitter rot, and evaluate the efficacy of fungicides for managing the disease. Orchard surveys conducted during 2019–21 showed that fruits with bitter rot were present in most of the orchards in southern and central Illinois, whereas only a few orchards in the northern part of the state had symptomatic fruits. A total of 270 isolates of the pathogens were collected from symptomatic fruits of 14 cultivars, and pathogen species were identified based on the morphological and molecular characteristics of the isolates. GAPDH gene sequence analyses identified species of the pathogens as Colletotrichum fioriniae, C. siamense, and C. chrysophilum. Laboratory and orchards studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of fungicides for managing bitter rot disease. Laboratory studies showed averages of 10.3, 9.6, and 0.24 mg⋅L−1 for the 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of benzovindiflupyr, captan, and fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin fungicides, respectively. Orchard experiments involving ‘Honeycrisp apples’ were conducted in 2019, 2020, and 2021. Benzovindiflupyr, captan, and fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin prevented bitter rot development in the treated plots.
Analysis of Microstructure, Cell Wall Polysaccharides, and Candidate Cell Wall-related Genes in Clingstone-type and Freestone-type Stony Hard Peaches during Ripening
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Li Ang , Duan Wenyi , Meng Junren , Miao Yule , Yao Zhenyu , Badrunnesa Akhi , Niu Liang , Pan Lei , Cui Guochao , Sun Shihang , Wang Zhiqiang , Zeng Wenfang , Li Guohuai
Published: March 2024

Stony hard (SH) peach (Prunus persica) fruits produce no ethylene and clingstone-type SH peaches have a crispy flesh texture; however, freestone-type SH peach fruits ripen to a soft, mealy state. During this study, we compared and analyzed changes in the microstructure, cell wall polysaccharides, and candidate cell wall-related genes of freestone-type SH ‘Zhongtao 14’ (‘CP14’), ‘Zhongtao White Jade 2’ (‘CPWJ2’), clingstone-type SH ‘Zhongtao 13’ (‘CP13’), and ‘Zhongtao 9’ (‘CP9’) during fruit ripening. The parenchyma cells of mealy freestone-type SH peaches became detached, were single, dried, and irregularly arranged, and remained intact in comparison with the nonmealy clingstone-type SH peaches. Methyl-esterified homogalacturonan was strongly immunolabeled in the cell wall of clingstone SH peaches; however, nonmethylated homogalacturonan was weakly immunolabeled in freestone SH peaches. A transcriptome analysis was performed to investigate the molecular mechanism of the mealiness process. A principal component analysis indicated that ‘CP14’ S4 III (mealy) could be distinguished from the samples of ‘CP13’ (S4 I, S4 II, S4 III) and ‘CP14’ (S4 I, S4 II). The highly coexpressed gene modules linked with firmness were found using a weighted gene coexpression network analysis; 189 upregulated genes and 817 downregulated genes were identified. Six upregulated cell wall-related genes (PpPG1, PpPG2, PpAGP1, PpAGP2, PpEXT1, and PpEXP1) and one downregulated cell wall-related gene (PpXET2) were involved in the mealiness process during freestone-type SH fruit ripening. These findings will improve our understanding of the relationship between clingstone, freestone, and stony hard fruits and lay the foundation for further exploration of the mechanisms underlying the softening of peach fruits.
Histórico e situação atual da política de desenvolvimento territorial: O caso do território Professor Cory/Andradina
Authors: Coelho Arnaldo Pedroso , Lázaro Sant'ana Antonio
Published: March 2024

A política territorial adotada nacionalmente, a partir de 2003, visando o envolvimento de toda a sociedade na implantação de políticas públicas com foco principal para a agricultura familiar gerou a implantação do Colegiado de Desenvolvimento Territorial (CODETER) prof. Cory/Andradina, a partir de 2004. O objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o legado dessas ações desenvolvidas neste Território, com base em metodologia que incluiu revisão bibliográfica, levantamento de dados de fonte secundária, pesquisa documental dos arquivos do CODETER e do Núcleo de Extensão em Desenvolvimento Territorial (NEDET) da UNESP de Ilha Solteira e da aplicação de questionário com atores chaves do processo, membros integrantes do Colegiado de 2004 até 2016. Foi possível identificar o legado dos territórios e em especial do Território Prof. Cory/Andradina, pois, apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas, várias ações permanecem ativas junto aos agricultores familiares, com o surgimento de organizações sociais, participação em compras governamentais e implantação da equipe de inspeção de produtos agropecuários em parceria com a Associação dos Municípios do Extremo Noroeste Paulista (AMENSP).
Análise da produção, produtividade e valor das culturas da soja, milho e trigo por mesorregião no Paraná
Authors: Dos Santos Natália Cardoso , Corrêia Arlindo Fabrício , Behling Samuel Augusto , Feiden Alexandre
Published: March 2024

O estado do Paraná é dividido em mesorregiões, de acordo com fatores determinados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Neste território, as culturas de soja, milho e trigo apresentam destaque na produção agrícola e grande relevância nacional. À vista disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar como as mesorregiões paranaenses apresentaram suas médias anuais de produção, produtividade e valor de produção nos anos agrícolas de 2019, 2020 e 2021. Realizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória e explicativa, a partir do levantamento de dados de variáveis produtivas das culturas em relação a cada mesorregião, por meio de dados disponíveis nas plataformas oficiais do IBGE, do Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (IPARDES) e da Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento (SEAB). As variáveis observadas foram produção, produtividade e valor de produção das culturas. Os dados coletados foram tabulados em planilha eletrônica e analisados na linguagem de programação R, por meio do complemento ExpDes.pt. Para a análise estatística, aplicou-se o teste de médias de comparações múltiplas de Bootstrap. Por fim, os dados foram integrados no software QGIS para a elaboração de figuras. O Oeste Paranaense apresentou a melhor classificação quanto a produção e valor de produção. Para a produtividade, as mesorregiões Metropolitana de Curitiba, Centro Oriental, Sudeste e Centro Sul Paranaense apresentaram os maiores rendimentos médios.
Maintenance decision-making and its relevance in engineering asset management
Authors: More Sagar , Tuladhar Rabin , Grainger Daniel , Milne William
Published: March 2024

Engineering asset management (EAM) has received a lot of attention in the last few decades. Despite this, industries struggle to identify the best strategies for maintaining assets. The decision-making around selecting a relevant maintenance strategy generally considers factors like risk, performance and cost. Risk management is, usually, largely subjective and industries consequently make investments in a subjective manner, making the allocation of budget unstructured and arbitrary. Generally, industries focus only on either overt risks or basic performance of assets, thus creating uncertainties in the decision-making process. Recently, however, maintenance decision-making has evolved from a subjective assessment, chiefly dependent on expert opinions, to utilizing live-data-sensor technology. The attitude towards component failures and how to address them has changed drastically with the evolution of maintenance strategies. Additionally, the emergence and use of several tools and models have assisted the drafting and implementation of effective maintenance strategies. These advancements, however, have only considered discrete parameters while modelling, instead of using an integrated approach. One of the primary factors which can address this shortfall and make the decision-making process more robust is the economic element. To enable an effective decision-making process, it is imperative to consider quantifiable determinants and include economic parameters while drafting maintenance policies. This paper reviews maintenance decision-making strategies in EAM and also highlights its relevance through an economic lens.
Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles from the baru (Dipteryx alata) endocarp extract for the efficient removal of rhodamine B and caffeine from water through the heterogeneous Fenton process
Authors: Corrêa Cassiano Ricardo Reinehr , de Siqueira Adriano Buzutti , Matos Lopes Paulo Renato , Ambrosio Jéssica Aparecida Ribeiro , Simioni Andreza Ribeiro , de Vasconcelos Leonardo Gomes , de Morais Eduardo Beraldo
Published: March 2024

This study presents the first-time synthesis of iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using an aqueous extract from the baru fruit endocarp (Dipteryx alata). Characterization through scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering revealed spherical shapes with an average diameter of 419.2 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified phytochemicals from the baru fruit extract, acting as both reducing and stabilizing agents. X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous nature of the FeNPs. The Fenton-like catalytic efficiency of FeNPs was investigated for degrading rhodamine B (RhB) and caffeine. The impact of crucial parameters such as pH, H2O2 dosage, nanoparticles concentration, and temperature on the degradation process was assessed. At pH 3.0, with 1.0 g L−1 of FeNPs, 1% H2O2, and 45 °C, RhB and caffeine degradation reached 99.14 and 92.01%, respectively. The catalytic reaction kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model for caffeine and a pseudo-second-order model for RhB. Phytotoxicity studies on Cucumis sativus confirmed the non-toxic nature of the degraded products of RhB and caffeine. These findings highlight the potential of FeNPs synthesized from the baru endocarp extract as a catalyst for removing organic pollutants, suggesting promising applications in environmental remediation and related fields.
The Role of Hypoxia-inducible Factor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected Macrophages
Authors: Fitriana Nina , Iswanti Febriana Catur , Sadikin Mohamad
Published: March 2024

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. During M. tuberculosis infection, there is a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the granuloma microenvironment, which causes the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) to become stable. HIF functions as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes crucial for metabolic adaptation in hypoxic conditions. Recent research suggests that HIF plays a vital role in infectious and inflammatory conditions. Several studies have demonstrated that HIF signaling can enhance macrophages antimicrobial activity and bactericidal effect against M. tuberculosis, such as increasing macrophage autophagy, enhancing the effects of rifampicin, inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling, enhancing the regulation of effector antimicrobial pathways mediated by human β defensin 2 (hBD2) and vitamin D receptor (VDR), redirecting energy metabolism to glycolysis, and producing various cytokines. All these responses ultimately result in the inhibition of intracellular M. tuberculosis growth. HIF has therapeutic implications, potentially being a new candidate for host-directed therapy as a complement to existing antituberculosis drugs. Understanding the role of HIF in macrophages during M. tuberculosis infection and comprehending the host-pathogen relationship with M. tuberculosis is advantageous for developing future therapies.Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, macrophages, hypoxia-inducible factor
Microwave Assisted Groebke-Blackburn-Bienayme Multicomponent Reaction to Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-furan Hybrids as Possible Therapeutic Option for Leukemia, Colon Cancer and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Manvar Parth , Katariya Dharmesh , Vyas Amita , Bhanderi Pooja , Khunt Ranjan
Published: March 2024

Aims:

Microwave assisted ecofriendly catalytic protocol for the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienayme multicomponent reaction to synthesis imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-furan hybrids as possible therapeutic option for leukemia, colon cancer and prostate cancer

Background:

Microwave synthesis has emerged as a potent tool for the more economical and environmental friendly synthesis of organic compounds, such as derivatives of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine. Compared to traditional synthesis, microwave radiation causes molecules to be ex-cited and distributes thermal energy evenly in a shorter amount of time.

Objective:

The primary objective of the work presented in this article was to prepare imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-furan hybrids via Groebke-Blackburn-Bienayme multicomponent reaction using PEG 400 in microwave irradiation as green approach. Characterized it and evaluated their anticancer activities.

Methods:

In a sealed microwave glass vial, 5-methylfuran-2-carbaldehyde 1, 2-aminoazines 2a-g, isocyanides 3a-c in presence of 20mol% acetic acid were dissolved in PEG 400 (polyethylene glycol 400) reaction solvent. The glass vial was sealed and irradiate in microwave with stirring at temperature of 75°C for 10 min. This method is an efficient alternative approach to synthesizing imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-furan hybrids via Groebke-Blackburn-Bienayme multicomponent reac-tion.

Results:

We have successfully synthesised the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-furan hybrids via Groebke-Blackburn-Bienayme multicomponent reaction using PEG 400 in microwave irradiation as green approach. The structures of the compounds were confirmed through various spectro-scopic techniques and evaluated their anticancer activities.

Conclusion:

The reported protocol is advantageous over conventional methods of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives. The time required for the reaction is much less as compared to the usual requirements of reflux. Compound 4e, 4f, 4n and 4o shows the most increased activity against cell line RPMI-8226, HCT-116 and PC-3 of Leukemia, Colon cancer and Prostate cancer respectively. By using the potential of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-furan based compounds via sustainable green approach, more effective and accurate cancer treatments can be designed in future.
Glycogen: A Novel Biopolymer Catalyst for the One-Pot Synthesis of Spirooxindoles, Spiro-Acenaphthylenes, and Spiro-2-Aminopyrans Derivatives under Mild Conditions
Authors: Ahmadi Nahid , Maghsoodlou Malek Taher , Nassiri Mahmoud , Milani Forough Jalili
Published: March 2024

Background:

Glycogen, a naturally occurring macromolecule, in its granular form and
without any post-modification was found to be an efficient and eco-friendly bifunctional heterogeneous
organocatalyst.

Objective:

This catalyst can be useful for the domino synthesis of various spiropyren annulated derivatives
through three-component condensation of isathin, malononitrile, and diverse 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds,
activated CH-acids, through Knoevenagel-Michael-annulation sequence under mild conditions.

Methods:

Corresponding spiro derivatives were obtained in high to excellent yields after 5-15 min
stirring in 2 mL EtOH and 60°C in the presence of 0.01 g of glycogen, equimolar amounts of isatin/
acenaphthoquinone/ninhydrin, malononitrile, and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.

Results:

FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopic showed there isn't any catalyst in the media and desired
products were obtained in excellent purity.

Conclusion:

Avoiding any transition metal, one-pot, and multicomponent procedure catalyzed by a
biopolymer, broad substrate scope, and operational simplicity are essential features of this methodology
for the preparation of medicinally important compounds.
Introduction to Basic Definitions in Probability
Authors: Abderrahmane Horimek
Published: March 2024

In this chapter, the basic definitions of probability theory are presented. The logic of
presenting the results as events and their quantification, in order to know those that are highly
probable or the reverse, are all detailed. It should be noted that in this chapter, we are only
interested in knowing how to determine the value of the probability for a single random
experiment.
Calculation of Probabilities
Authors: Abderrahmane Horimek
Published: March 2024

After learning how to determine the probability value for a single random
experiment, this chapter gives you the tools for compound random experiments. The probability
tree that graphically presents the experiment is defined first, followed by numerous details and
laws, leading to the mastery of calculation tricks for an experiment composed of n sub-experiments.
Distribution Laws
Authors: Abderrahmane Horimek
Published: March 2024

In this last chapter of the probability part, the laws of probability are presented. These
laws are very important even in statistics. They govern difficult phenomena by simple
mathematical formulas, obtained after a few developments. The mastery of these laws will
allow the classification of the phenomena by the amounts of the probabilities and the number
of elements in the samples (or the population).
FENOMENA DEIKSIS DAN KESANTUNAN DALAM BAHASA BATAK ANGKOLA-MANDAILING
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Malang, Pulungan Alpi Anwar , Siregar Muhammad Aulia Fahrin ,   Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Published: March 2024

Politeness in the Angkola-Mandailing Batak language is related to personal and social deixis, especially partuturon. This study aims to describe the types of deixis and their application in daily communication and their relation to language politeness. This research is a qualitative research with an ethnographic model of communication and supported by deixis theory. The data sources for this research are the people of Tolang Julu village, Sayur Matinggi, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra. The data was collected by using the method of observation and listening to speech engagement. Furthermore, the data of this research are in the form of speeches and expressions of society that contain deixis in daily communication. The results of this study found five types of deixis, namely personal deixis, social deixis, place deixis, time deixis and discourse deixis. These deixis have many and complex variations, thus proving that the Angkola-Mandailing Batak language is a difficult language to learn. After being investigated, there are two levels of language in the Angkola-Mandailing Batak language, namely somal (rough) and andung (smooth) language. By mastering partuturon (natutu martutur) and andung language (namalo marbaso), one will arrive at the highest politeness in the Angkola-Mandailing Batak language.
PEMEROLEHAN FONOLOGI PADA ANAK USIA 4 TAHUN: STUDI KASUS YWA (KAJIAN PSIKOLINGUISTIK)
Authors:   Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Saputri Seza Riski , Nurdiyanto Erwita ,   Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Nurharyani Octaria Putri ,   Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Published: March 2024

This research aims to describe the phonological acquisition of 4 years old child with the initials YWA and the factors that influence of YWA’s phonological acquisition. This research is a qualitative descriptive type. The data collection method used in this research is observation method and conversation method. The observation method is realized with the basic tapping technique and advanced observation of involved conversation technique and taking note technique. The conversation method is realized with the basic stimulation technique and advanced face to face technique. The data analysis method used in this research is matching method with the basic sort determinant elements technique and advanced comparison equalize and differentiate techniques. The method of presenting a result of data analysis used in this research is a formal and informal method. The result of data analysis show that at the 4 years old, YWA’s able to pronounce vocoid phons , , , , , , , , , and  and contoid phons , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ], , , , , and . Contoid phons , , and  is able to pronounce. But at the certain of vocabulary, those phons hasn’t been able to be pronounce correctly. The factors that influence of YWA’s phonological acquisition is consist of physical readiness, mental readiness, imitation, opportunities to train and practice, motivation, guidance, and phon closeness
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MENULIS CERPEN DENGAN METODE CERPEN-GRAM UNTUK SISWA KELAS XI
Authors:   Universitas Billfath Lamongan, Nihlah Fitrotun , Abdillah Khumaidi ,   Universitas Billfath Lamongan, Hardiana Maulidia Tifani Alfin Nur ,   Universitas Billfath Lamongan
Published: March 2024

This research aims to develop, validate, and describe the feasibility of teaching materials in the form of short story writing modules using the short story-gram method for 11th-grade students. This study follows a research and development (R&D) model simplified into 6 steps, namely (1) research and initial data collection, (2) planning (design), (3) preparation of teaching materials, (4) expert validation, (5) product revision, and (6) limited testing. Data collection was done through interviews, questionnaires, expert validation, and limited student testing. The results of this study show that the developed teaching materials are declared excellent and very feasible for use based on validation results from expert lecturers, teachers, and limited student testing. The assessment of content and presentation averaged 4.51 with a percentage of 90.14% and categorized as "Excellent." The linguistic feasibility assessment scored an average of 4.49 with a percentage of 89.87% and categorized as "Excellent." Finally, the graphic feasibility assessment scored an average of 4.55 with a percentage of 91.07% and categorized as "Excellent." After aggregating the assessment of the entire teaching material, it reached an average score of 4.52 with a percentage of 90.36% categorized as "Excellent." Therefore, the teaching material titled "Indonesian Language Teaching Module: Writing Short Stories with the Short Story-gram Method for 11th Grade High School/MA" is declared "Highly Feasible" for use in learning.
KODE SASTRA, KODE BAHASA, DAN KODE BUDAYA DALAM CERITA PENDEK “SENYUM KARYAMIN” KARYA AHMAD TOHARI
Authors:   Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Seha Ghina Nasuha Fatimatu , Arthamurti Fishanida Leygina ,   Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Putri Wulan Adiesty Alivia ,   Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Fathni Qolbi ,   Universitas Jenderal Soedirman
Published: March 2024

This article presents the results of research on allusions in a short story entitled “Senyum Karyamin” by Ahmad Tohari. This research analyzes language code, literary code, and cultural code. The approach taken is a textual approach which emphasizes its analysis on the linguistic side of understanding texts. The data source is from Ahmad Tohari’s short story, “Senyum Karyamin”. The results of the analysis of the short story "Senyum Karyamin" found literary codes such as theme, plot, characters, setting, point of view and moral value. The results of the analysis of the language code in "Senyum Karyamin" by Ahmad Tohari found figures of speech, conversion and absorption. The Cultural Code depicted in short story Senyum Karyamin contains a social system and cultural values.
Successful Autologous Blood Patch Pleurodesis: A Safe and Useful Treatment for Persistent Pneumothorax in Former Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Aspergillosis in Pregnant Women
Authors: Purnama Nori , Simatupang Elvando Tunggul Mauliate , Fauzi Zarfiardy Aksa , Indriani Sri , Yovi Indra , Hatta Hariadi , Zulmaeta
Published: March 2024

Background: Autologous Blood Patch Pleurodesis (ABPP) is one of the treatment options for persistent pleural air leaks especially in patients who are not suitable for surgical intervention. Persistence pneumothorax is defined as pneumothorax of more than five days duration. It is associated with increased morbidity and cost of care. The most widely accepted treatment for it is pleurodesis. Several types of pleurodesis have been proposed, including surgical approaches and the instillation of different chemicals in the intrapleural space. ABPP has proven to be a simple, inexpensive, efficacious and safe method. We present the case of the first patient with Persistent Pneumothorax we have treated Successfully with ABPP. ABPP is currently rarely and uncommonly used, but it provides benefits especially in special conditions with easier, cheaper, and quite effective procedures.

Case: A female 35-year-old pregnant women patients with Former Tuberculosis (FTB) come to our hospital with complaints breathlessness and chest pain worsening since 3 days before admitted to our hospital. Chest radiography showed spontaneous pneumothorax with GeneXpert (GE) sputum Mtb Not Detected but there is Aspergillosis from Fungal Culture. Water Sealed Drainage (WSD) was inserted in right pleural for almost 1 month and this patient discharge with pneumostat. One month after that she come again with Persistence Pneumothotax, so that we do the pleurodesis with Blood Patch and get the improvement from clinical status. Antifungals are continued for an initial 4-6 weeks while an outpatient evaluation is conducted.

Conclusion: ABPP is a safe, inexpensive and efficacious treatment for persistent pleural air leak. Autologous Blood Patch administration may be considered for patients with Persistent Pneumothorax.
Giant Intrapulmonary Mature Teratoma with Thoracostomy Intervention: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Indriani Sri Indah , Simatupang Elvando Tunggul Mauliate , Bergant Briliant , Makmur Andreas , Rangkuti Ina Farida
Published: March 2024

Background: Teratoma usually found in mediastinum and rarely found in the lung. Mature teratomas are the most common histological type of germ cell tumours, followed by seminoma. First case reported by Mohr in 1839 and until now only few cases of intrapulmonary teratomas have been reported.

Case: A man, 64-years old man, nonsmoker complains of shortness of breath since 6 months and worsened in a week. Patient had history medication for tuberculosis in 2019. Chest Contrast CT-Scan showed hypodense mass and suggestive for benign left lung tumor. TTNA were performed and suggestive for teratoma. Joint conference with several department agree to proceed with thoracostomy. Thoracostomy with wide excision been done to remove the mass and examined for anatomic pathology then confirmed for mature teratoma. During thoracostomy, we cannot removed 100% of the tumor because it adhesive with aorta and parietal pleura. Patient treated in ICU and worsens. Unfortunately, patient passed away four days later.

Conclusion: Teratoma is rarely found inside of the lung. Early diagnosis and resection of intrapulmonary teratoma is critical to prevent complications and provide definitive treatment.
Virginia Newhall Rademacher, Derivative Lives. Biofiction, Uncertainty, and Speculative Risk in Contemporary Spanish Narrative
Authors: Díez J. Ignacio
Published: March 2024

With a very original title, which is indebted to economics studies as explained at the time, Virginia Rademacher groups together eleven titles of Spanish novels published in the 21st century which have in common their belonging to the category of ‘biofiction’. The book uses a methodology that is also original, as the subtitle states, in which three very different concepts, belonging to equally distant worlds, are employed. These three concepts are biofiction, the essential one, ‘uncertainty’ and ‘speculative risk’. The combination of them creates an interdisciplinary approach to a universe that is in principle literary but that extends its roots and consequences far beyond, to game theory and economic analysis. Undoubtedly, such a thoughtful title sums up very well what the reader will find in its 200+ pages.
HASTANE ATIKSUYUNA ÖN OKSİDASYON UYGULAMALARI (O3, O3/H2O2): İLAÇ ETKEN MADDELER VE KLASİK KİRLETİCİLERİN AKIBETİ
Authors: Ateş Havva , Mansımlı Mahammad
Published: March 2024

Bu çalışmada psikiyatrik ilaç ve sinir uyarıcılardan dört (karbamazepin (CBZ), primidone (PRM), kafein (CAF), nikotin (NCT)) ve CBZ ve CAF’a ait altı metabolitin (karbamazepin-diol, karbamazepin 10,11-epoksid, 2-hidroksi karbamazepin ve 3-hidroksi karbamazepin, trans-3'-hidroksi kotinin ve N-formilnornikotin) hastane atıksularındaki varlığı ve ozonlama (O3) ve perokson (O3/H2O2) prosesleri ile akıbetleri araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda ilaçların analizi HPLC/MS-MS cihazı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre düşük oranda (0,5 mg O3/mg KOİ) sadece ozon dozunda dahi karbamazepin (CBZ) %99,7 oranlarında giderilirken, CAF için benzer giderim verimlilikleri daha yüksek ozon dozlarında (1,5 mg O3/mg KOİ) elde edilmiştir. Perokson prosesinde ise CBZ giderim verimliliği nispeten artış gösterse de (%20), CAF giderimi için benzer pozitif etki gözlemlenmemiştir. İki prosesin mg KOİ başına oksijen oranları dikkate alındığında ozonlama prosesinin tespit edilen ilaçların gideriminde daha etkili bir proses olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca sadece ozonlama uygulaması ile 1,5 mg O3/mg KOİ oranında %48 KOİ giderimi elde edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, hastane atıksularının ön oksidasyonunun hem KOİ hem ilaç yüklerinin atıksu arıtma tesislerinde arıtma süreçlerine girmeden önemli seviyelerde azaltılabileceği görülmektedir.
THE MICROSTRIP ARRAY ANTENNA WITH REFLECTOR at 1.4 AND 2.4 GHz for RADARS APPLICATIONS
Authors: Çıldır Abdülkadir
Published: March 2024

This study presents an E-shaped array microstrip antenna design with a reflector, which has a high gain for short-range radar studies. E-shaped dipoles at the top of the substrate are brought into contact with an irregular microstrip line, which is the bottom of FR-4 substrate. The antenna feed is excited using a coaxial cable. The substrate material and the chrome reflector are attached to each other with Teflon material. The proposed antenna provides 7.85 and 9.62 dBi gains at resonance frequencies of 1.4 and 2.4 GHz, respectively. This antenna also has an F/B ratio of over 15 dB and an HPBW (half power beam width) value able to be used for short-ranges.
GÜL İŞLEME ATIK SUYUNUN SU BÖRÜLCESİ (SALVANIA NATANS) BİTKİSİ İLE ARITIMI
Authors: Selçuk Kuşçu Özlem , Küçük Perihan
Published: March 2024

Gül işleme sonrasında meydana gelen gül atık suyu yüksek debilere ve kirlilik yüküne sahiptir. Bu tür atık suların farklı bölgelere yayılmış olması arıtma tesislerinde arıtımı zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu nedenle mevcut arıtım yöntemlerinden farklı olarak alternatif arıtım yöntemlerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada gül işleme sonrası açığa çıkan gül atık suyunun farklı renk led ışık kaynaklarında su börülcesi su bitkisi ile doğal arıtımı araştırılmıştır. Çalışma, altı farklı renk led ışık ortamında, 20 0C’de ve 200 mL hacminde kavanozlarda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gül atık suyu arıtım verimleri, önemli deşarj parametreleri olan kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ), çözünmüş kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (ÇKOİ), toplam azot (TN) ve toplam fosfor (TP) parametreleri ölçülerek değerlendirilmiştir. Optimum süre olan 14 günün sonunda beyaz led ışık ortamında su börülcesi ile arıtım sonrası atık suyun KOİ giderim verimi %69, ÇKOİ giderim verimi %71, azot giderim verimi %72 ve fosfor giderim verimi %83 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmalar beyaz led ışık altında diğer ışık kaynaklarından daha yüksek arıtım verimi elde edildiğini göstermiştir. Su börülcesi ile gül atıksuyu arıtım verimleri farklı renk led ışık kaynaklarına göre sırası ile beyaz >mavi > yeşil, > sarı > kırmızı >karanlık şeklindedir.