bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of surface textures deterioration on pavement skid-resistance using hysteresis friction models and numerical simulation method
Authors: Luo Haoyuan , Chen Siyu , Zhu Leyi , Liu Xiyin , Zheng Yangzezhi , Zhao Runming , Huang Xiaoming
Published: October 2023

Many rubber friction theories or some method combined theories and field-experiments are employed to evaluate the pavement skid-resistance deterioration due to the evolution of surface textures. However, these methods are difficult to be implemented in the analysis of situations with multi-factor coupling and some extreme conditions. This study developed a framework to evaluate the skid-resistance deterioration of asphalt pavements. In this framework, the portable laser scanning was used to create the digital worn pavement model, and a hydroplaning finite element (FE) model for these digital worn pavements was constructed to evaluate coupling effects of the texture evolution and factors of slip ratio, slip angle, velocity and water film on braking-cornering characteristics of tire. In this study, the deterioration of skid-resistance of five typical asphalt pavements due the surface texture wear was systematically investigated by this framework. Compared with previous works, this study established the rubber friction models for each digital worn pavement considering the energy hysteresis of rubber and the power spectrum density of surface texture. And the rubber friction model was used to define the interaction behaviors between the tire and corresponding wore pavements in the FE hydroplaning model, rather than using an empirical friction model or a fixed friction coefficient.
Soft Querying Features in GeoJSON Documents: The GeoSoft Proposal
Authors: Fosci Paolo , Psaila Giuseppe
Published: October 2023

Since the advent of$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONas a popular format for exchanging large amounts of data, a novel category ofNoSQLdatabase systems, named$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdocument stores, has emerged for storing$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdata sets; in fact, these novel databases are able to natively manage collections of$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdocuments. To help analysts and data engineers query and integrate$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdata sets persistently saved in$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdocument stores, theJ-COFramework has been developed (at the University of Bergamo, Italy): it is built around a novel query language, namedJ-CO-QL$$^{+}$$+, that provides sophisticated features, including soft-querying capabilities. However,J-CO-QL$$^{+}$$+(as the other languages for querying$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdata sets) is designed to be general purpose; consequently, it can be cumbersome for users to apply it on specific data formats. This is the case ofGeoJSON, a specific and popular$$\textit{JSON}$$JSONdata format that is designed to represent geographical information layers. This paper presents the latest evolution ofGeoSoft, a novel high-level “domain-specific language” that is specifically designed to express complex queries on theGeoJSONdocuments, including soft-queries.GeoSoftis inspired to the classicalSQLlanguage, so as to reduce the learning curve of potential users.GeoSoftqueries are translated intoJ-CO-QL$$^{+}$$+scripts, to be actually executed.
Emergent Constrained Projections of Mean and Extreme Warming in China
Authors: Chen Ziming , Zhou Tianjun , Chen Xiaolong , Zhang Wenxia , Zuo Meng , Man Wenmin , Qian Yun
Published: October 2023

Reliable regional temperature projections including heat extremes are essential for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Taking China as an example, simple averages from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models project high warming due to sampling many high climate sensitivities in the ensemble. Here, we develop an emergent constraint (EC) framework to obtain constrained mean and daily maximum temperature (TXx) warming over China by using observed global warming and local residual warming. The constrained annual mean and TXx warming over China (2.33°C [1.61–3.05°C] and 2.31°C [1.21–2.99°C]) are 0.65°C [0.04–1.76°C] and 0.63°C [–0.50–2.39°C], respectively, lower than raw projections (2.98°C [1.85–4.22°C] and 2.94°C [2.04–4.39°C]) for 2080–2099 under the intermediate‐emission scenario. Approximately half model uncertainty is reduced after constraint. The land area (population) experiencing temperature extremes in our metric is 78% (85%) of the raw projections. Our results imply a lower impact of extreme heat than implied by current raw CMIP6 projections.
Natural Nitrogen Emissions Are Rising in California
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: October 2023

Wildfires and soil microbes are releasing more nitrogen oxides in California as the climate gets warmer and drier.
Transient Permeability of a Deep‐Seated Subduction Interface Shear Zone
Authors: Muñoz‐Montecinos J. , Behr W. M.
Published: October 2023

Slow slip and tremor is observed along many subduction margins and is commonly linked to fluid pressure variations and migration. Accurate estimates of porosity and permeability around subduction megathrust shear zones are vital for understanding fluid‐seismicity interactions. We use high‐resolution digital outcrop data and (micro)structural analysis to assess transient permeability and porosity of a deep‐seated subduction interface exposed on Syros Island, Greece. We document the orientations, relative timing, and opening aperture (based on crack‐seal textures) of veins that were emplaced synkinematically with ductile deformation during early exhumation within the subduction channel. Our findings indicate high permeability through vein‐filled fractures amidst a lower permeability matrix, with transient, fracture‐controlled permeabilities ranging from 10−14 to 10−15 m2 and fracture porosities of 1%–10%. These estimates align with low‐end values from seismological/geodetic observations in active subduction zones, and are also consistent with fault‐valve‐like numerical models that suggest high background‐to‐transient permeability contrasts favor unstable slip.
Enhanced Mid‐Holocene Vegetation Growth and Its Biophysical Feedbacks in China
Authors: Chen Weizhe , Zhang Zhongshi , Ciais Philippe , Tan Liangcheng , Kemp David B. , Viovy Nicolas
Published: October 2023

Proxy‐based reconstructions show that the climate during the mid‐Holocene (MH) was warmer and wetter than the present day in most regions of China, characterized by a northwestward extension of the East Asian summer monsoon and an increase in woody cover. However, climate simulations that neglect vegetation shifts yield cooler climates than proxy‐based reconstructions for the MH. Here, we simulate MH vegetation cover, productivity, and terrestrial parameters in China using a state‐of‐the‐art land surface model forced with realistic proxy‐based climate data. Our simulations corroborate MH vegetation cover inferred from 246 pollen sites, and indicate a higher vegetation productivity in China, despite the lower CO2 concentration during the MH compared to the present day. Enhanced vegetation growth during the MH could have affected land surface energy and hydrological budgets through biophysical feedbacks. Our findings highlight the impact of vegetation dynamics on the terrestrial carbon cycle and regional climate in China.
Turbulence‐Driven Clogging of Hyporheic Zones by Fine Particle Filtration
Authors: Saavedra Cifuentes Edwin , Teitelbaum Yoni , Arnon Shai , Dallmann Jonathan , Phillips Colin B. , Packman Aaron I.
Published: October 2023

Hyporheic exchange (HE), fine particle deposition and clogging are tightly coupled processes that control ecosystem services in rivers. While HE is assumed to be induced primarily by riverbed topography, surface flow turbulence also drives significant exchange. We show that turbulence‐driven HE produces large interfacial fluxes and drives long‐term feedback between HE and fine suspended particles via bed clogging. Turbulence significantly increases total HE fluxes as it rapidly delivers suspended particles into porewater over the entire interface, whereas advective pumping exchange only delivers particles into focused downwelling regions on the upstream side of bedforms. While turbulence is associated with rapid fluctuations and shallow HE, it is key on longer‐timescale outcomes, namely bed clogging. However, beyond the general effect of clogging in attenuating HE, turbulence‐driven HE will also be important for other river‐borne materials that are retained and transformed within hyporheic zones, such as nutrients and organic pollutants.
Solar Forcing of ENSO on Century Timescales
Authors: Wilcox Paul S. , Mudelsee Manfred , Spötl Christoph , Edwards R. Lawrence
Published: October 2023

Understanding how El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) responds to natural variability is of key importance for future climate projections under a warming climate. However, there is no clear consensus on what drives ENSO's variability on centennial timescales. Here, we find that the epikarst in southeastern Alaska is effective at filtering ENSO and solar irradiance signals from the Aleutian Low regional climate, which are subsequently recorded in speleothem proxy data. By applying a correlation test, we find that ENSO was significantly influenced by solar irradiance over the past ∼3,500 years. This relationship dissolved after ∼1970 CE, with ENSO now being dominated by anthropogenic forcing. This implies a new ENSO mean state that will need to be incorporated into future climate projections.
Dependence of Electron Flux Dropouts in the Earth's Outer Radiation Belt on Energy and Driving Parameters During Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Hua Man , Bortnik Jacob , Ma Donglai
Published: October 2023

Using 5‐year of measurements from Van Allen Probes, we present a survey of the statistical dependence of the Earth's outer radiation belt electron flux dropouts during geomagnetic storms on electron energy and various driving parameters including interplanetary magnetic field Bz, PSW, SYM‐H, and AE. By systematically investigating the dropouts over energies of 1 keV–10 MeV at L‐shells spanning 4.0–6.5, we find that the dropouts are naturally divided into three regions. The dropouts show much higher occurrence rates at energies below ∼100 keV and above ∼1 MeV compared to much smaller occurrence rate at intermediate energies around hundreds of keV. The flux decays more dramatically at energies above ∼1 MeV compared to the energies below ∼100 keV. The flux dropouts of electrons below ∼100 keV strongly depend on magnetic local time (MLT), which demonstrate high occurrence rates on the nightside (18–06 MLT), with the highest occurrence rate associated with northward Bz, strong PSW and SYM‐H, and weak AE conditions. The strongest flux decay of these dropouts is found on the nightside, which strongly depends on PSW and SYM‐H. However, there is no clear MLT dependence of the occurrence rate of relativistic electron flux dropouts above ∼1 MeV, but the flux decay of these dropouts is more significant on the dayside, with stronger decay associated with southward IMF Bz, strong PSW, SYM‐H, and AE conditions. Our statistical results are crucial for understanding of the fundamental physical mechanisms that control the outer belt electron dynamics and developing future potential radiation belt forecasting capability.
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein overexpression is an independent poor prognostic indicator in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ong Khaa Hoo , Hsieh Yao-Yu , Lai Hong-Yue , Sun Ding-Ping , Chen Tzu-Ju , Huang Steven Kuan-Hua , Tian Yu-Feng , Chou Chia-Ling , Shiue Yow-Ling , Wu Hung-Chang , Chan Ti-Chun , Tsai Hsin-Hwa , Li Chien-Feng , Su Po-An , Kuo Yu-Hsuan
Published: October 2023

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) interacts with various extracellular matrix proteins in tissues. Elevated COMP levels recently linked to worse overall survival in multiple cancer types. COMP's significance in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remains uncertain. Here we report a retrospective study to explore COMP's impact on iCCA outcomes. We collected 182 patients' iCCA tumor tissues. COMP overexpression was associated with adverse factors like R1 resection (p = 0.008), advanced T stage (p < 0.001), large duct type (p = 0.004), and poorly differentiated histology (p = 0.002). COMP overexpression correlates with poorer DFS (HR, 3.651; p = 0.001), OS (HR, 1.827; p = 0.023), LRFS (HR, 4.077; p < 0.001), and MFS (HR, 3.718; p < 0.001). High COMP expression ties to worse overall survival (p = 0.0001), DSS (p < 0.0001), LRFS (p < 0.0001), and MFS (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, COMP overexpression links to poor prognosis and pathological features in iCCA, indicating its potential as a biomarker.
The quality monitoring of paracetamol medicament using a noninvasive microwave sensor
Authors: Zaarour Youness , EL Arroud Fatimazahrae , Griguer Hafid , El Alami Rafiq , El Kohen Mohammed , Salhi Wiam , Faik Abdessamad , Drissi M’hamed
Published: October 2023

Environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, and light, can impact the quality of drugs. Microwave-based approaches offer a fast and cost-effective way to detect quality variations, providing an alternative to traditional techniques in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This article proposes the use of a microwave sensor for monitoring the quality of pharmaceutical drugs at distinct temperature levels. A small planar sensor based on three hexagonal split ring resonators (TH-SRR) is fabricated. The design is manufactured on an FR-4 dielectric substrate. The sensor is tested on a 1000 mg paracetamol tablet, at temperatures ranging from 40 to 80 $$^\circ$$

∘

C. The Variation in the permittivity that characterizes product degradation is translated into a shift in the frequency of the scattering matrix elements. To validate the microwave approach, drug quality is examined with the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique, an optical emission laser used for both qualitative and quantitative investigations of elements contained in a sample. The existing elements are classified using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database and categorized according to their spectral line wavelengths. The experiments show the presence of optimal wavelength values for carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and oxygen (O) at 247.92 nm, 656.49 nm, 244.23 nm, and 777.48 nm, respectively. The microwave experimental results show a shift frequency of approximately 1 MHz on average when the tablet is heated at 80 $$^\circ$$

∘

C for 15 min. Meanwhile, the LIBS measurement shows a remarkable shift in terms of intensity of approximately 8884 and 812 for carbon and hydrogen, respectively. Understanding how paracetamol dries under high temperatures and improving the process settings of the microwave sensor are investigated and assessed in this work.
The effects of social presence on cooperative trust with algorithms
Authors: Liefooghe Baptist , Min Ebelien , Aarts Henk
Published: October 2023

Algorithms support many processes in modern society. Research using trust games frequently reports that people are less inclined to cooperate when believed to play against an algorithm. Trust is, however, malleable by contextual factors and social presence can increase the willingness to collaborate. We investigated whether situating cooperation with an algorithm in the presence of another person increases cooperative trust. Three groups of participants played a trust game against a pre-programmed algorithm in an online webhosted experiment. The first group was told they played against another person who was present online. The second group was told they played against an algorithm. The third group was told they played against an algorithm while another person was present online. More cooperative responses were observed in the first group compared to the second group. A difference in cooperation that replicates previous findings. In addition, cooperative trust dropped more over the course of the trust game when participants interacted with an algorithm in the absence another person compared to the other two groups. This latter finding suggests that social presence can mitigate distrust in interacting with an algorithm. We discuss the cognitive mechanisms that can mediate this effect.
Association between body fat and bone mineral density in Korean adults: a cohort study
Authors: Yoon Hyunjung , Sung Eunju , Kang Jae-Heon , Kim Cheol-Hwan , Shin Hocheol , Yoo Eunsol , Kim Minyoung , Lee Mi Yeon , Shin Sujeong
Published: October 2023

Although obesity was once considered protective against osteoporosis, various factors influence the relationship between fat and bone mineral density (BMD). To establish the importance of healthy body composition in decelerating declines in BMD, we conducted a study to compare the association between body fat composition and BMD in Korean adults. Using data collected from the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study from 2012 to 2019, this cohort study compared the incidence of decreased BMD among the following four groups: normal BMI and normal adiposity (NBMI-NA), normal BMI and high adiposity (NBMI-HA), overweight, and obesity. Decreased BMD was defined as a Z-score ≤  − 2.0 in premenopausal women and men < 50 years of age or a T-score <  − 1.0 in postmenopausal women and men ≥ 50 years of age. Individuals who were diagnosed with osteoporosis or compression fracture after their second visit were categorized as having decreased BMD. The incidence rate of decreased BMD in the NBMI-NA group was 3.37, and that in the NBMI-HA group was 4.81, which was the highest among all groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, NBMI-HA led to a significantly greater risk of decreased BMD compared to NBMI-NA (HR 1.47; 95% CI 1.09–1.99). Even with a normal BMI, a high BFP was associated with an increased risk of decreased BMD. Therefore, healthy body composition management, not simply BMI, is important in preventing decreased BMD.
Diagnosis and treatment outcomes of urethritis-like symptoms in young males: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hsu Yi-Ting , Chuang Tzu-Yu , Hsiao Jui Chang , Cheng Weiming
Published: October 2023

The study evaluated the prevalence of gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections and find out other non-infectious diseases in sexually active young males with urethritis-like symptoms and their treatment outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed the young adult males (aged 20–50 years) who visited our clinic with urethritis symptoms from March 2019 to April 2022. All patients underwent urinalysis, urine culture, and urinary polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for gonorrhoea and chlamydia. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s chi-square test were used to compare the differences between the triple-negative group (i.e., negative results in urinalysis, urine culture, and urinary PCR) and the any-positive group. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictive factors for positive PCR results for gonorrhoea or chlamydia in patients with negative urinalysis and urine culture. Of the 365 participants with urethritis-like symptoms, 139 patients were diagnosed of gonococcal or chlamydia urethritis. Among the 202 patients with negative urinalysis and urine culture, 60 patients were diagnosed with gonorrhoea or chlamydia using PCR. Urethral discharge was an independent predictor. 142 patients with triple negative results were attributed to other non-infectious diseases. Empirical antibiotic treatment is recommended for patients with urethritis symptoms showing positive or negative urinalysis results but with urethral discharge.
Tracking SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages using real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assays and prospective comparison with genome sequencing
Authors: Zelyas Nathan , Pabbaraju Kanti , Croxen Matthew A. , Lynch Tarah , McCullough Emily , Murphy Stephanie A. , Shokoples Sandy , Wong Anita , Kanji Jamil N. , Tipples Graham
Published: October 2023

Omicron has become the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant globally since December 2021, with distinct waves being associated with separate Omicron sublineages. Rapid detection of BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 was accomplished in the province of Alberta, Canada, through the design and implementation of real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assays targeting S:N501Y, S:ins214EPE, S:H69/V70, ORF7b:L11F, and M:D3N. Using the combination of results for each of these markers, samples could be designated as belonging to sublineages within BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, or BA.5. The analytical sensitivity of these markers ranged from 132 to 2229 copies/mL and in-laboratory accuracy was 98.9–100%. A 97.3% agreement using 12,592 specimens was demonstrated for the assays compared to genome sequencing. The use of these assays, combined with genome sequencing, facilitated the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 lineages throughout a BA.5-dominated period.
Application of distributed lag models and spatial analysis for comparing the performance of the COVID-19 control decisions in European countries
Authors: Hadianfar Ali , Rastaghi Sedigheh , Tabesh Hamed , Saki Azadeh
Published: October 2023

Over the past three years, the COVID-19 outbreak has become a major worldwide problem, affecting the health systems and economies of countries. The mean delays, the expected time to observe the average effect of the number of new cases on the number of deaths, are gold times for decision-making regarding disease control and treatment facilities to reduce the fatality rate. The interest of the present study is estimating the mean delays and adjusted fatality rates of COVID-19 with the new application of Distributed Lag Models (DLM) and their spatial distributions. The daily cases and deaths data of COVID-19 for 39 European countries was obtained from two sources; the "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control" and the "Our World in Data" database. The mean delay and the Adjusted Fatality Rate (AFR) for each country at three-time intervals; the first and subsequent peaks before and after vaccination were estimated by the Distributed Lag Models. The spatial analysis was applied to find the spatial correlation of the mean delays and adjusted fatality rates among European countries. In the three-time intervals, the first and the subsequent peaks before vaccination, and after vaccination, the median and interquartile range of the mean delays; and AFRs were: 1.1 (0.4, 3.2); 0.024 (0.016, 0.044), 9.2 (6.2, 12.40); 0.013 (0.005, 0.020) and 7.3 (4.4, 11.0); 0.001 (0.001, 0.005), respectively. In the subsequent peaks before vaccination, the mean delays considerably increased, and the AFRs decreased for most European countries. After vaccination, the AFRs decreased considerably. Except for the first peak, the spatial correlations of AFRs were not significant among neighboring countries. Consecutive outcomes will occur with delays in outbreaks of infectious disease. Also, the fatality rates for these outcomes should be adjusted on delays. Estimating the mean delays and adjusted fatality rates by Distributed lag Models and the spatial distributions of theme in outbreaks showed that prevention and medical policies after the first peak as well as vaccination were effective to reduce the fatality rate of COVID-19, but these effects were different between countries. These results recommended policymakers and governments assign prevention and medical resources more effectively.
Interfacial polymerization at unconventional interfaces: an emerging strategy to tailor thin-film composite membranes
Authors: Xin Jia-Hui , Fan Hong-Yu , Guo Bian-Bian , Yang Hao-Cheng , Zhu Cheng-Ye , Zhang Chao , Xu Zhi-Kang
Published: October 2023

This review summarizes recent advancements in the customization of interfacial polymerization using interfaces beyond the conventional alkane–water interface, with the aim of achieving high-performance separation films.
Exfoliable and self-healable two-dimensional materials from wurtzite zinc chalcogenides as building blocks of nanodevices
Authors: Li Jin , Chen Xinbo , Di Maoyun , Qin Lei
Published: October 2023

With the advent of graphene, two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic applications.
KCoO2-type layered nitrides Ca1−xEuxTiN2: structural stability, electrical properties and Eu coordination chemistry
Authors: Liu Junwei , Zhang Bowen , Lu Shenglin , Ming Xing , Kuang Xiaojun
Published: October 2023

Ca1−xEuxTiN2 solid solution shows limited substitution, and EuTiN2 is inaccessible due to much higher formation energy showing a preferred orthorhombic phase, revealing the different coordination chemistry of  Eu ions in nitrides compared to oxides.
Electrochemical trifluoroalkylation/annulation for the synthesis of CF3-functionalized tetrahydroquinolines and dihydroquinolinones
Authors: Wu Hao-Zeng , Teng Zhong-Shan , Ke Yu-Xin , Zou Yu , Gao Ping , Li Yue , Zhou Cheng-He , Zang Zhong-Lin
Published: October 2023

This paper demonstrates tandem trifluoromethylation/C(sp2)–H annulation using Langlois’ reagent as the CF3 source for the electrochemical synthesis of functionalized tetrahydroquinolines and dihydroquinolinones.
Exploring α-electron-deficiency-induced [1,2]-fluorine migration
Authors: Zhang Ke , Chen Xi , Zhang Zhoujie , Bu Caijie , Wu Yong , Xu Jiawei
Published: October 2023

The α-electron-deficiency-induced [1,2]-fluorine migration reaction follows a concerted mechanism with a tight-ion-pair transition state. When coupled with other reaction units, mechanistic variants are asynchronously concerted.
Transition metal-free regioselective direct acylation of quinazolines for the synthesis of acylquinazoline derivatives
Authors: Chen Wei , Fang Jingjun , Huang Jian , Yang Qin , Song Zhibin , Ding Qiuping , Wang Hongming , Peng Yiyuan
Published: October 2023

An efficient method for direct regioselective acylation of quinazolines under metal-free conditions was developed. The acylation reaction of quinazolines gave corresponding acyl quinazolines in ethyl acetate with good to excellent yields and excellent functional group tolerance and site selectivity.
Synergistic effect of benzoselenadiazole core and alkoxy side chain substitution on the photovoltaic performance of non-fullerene acceptors
Authors: Ng Ho Ming , Kwok Chung Hang , Qi Zhenyu , Wang Zhen , Chen Li , Liu Wei , Zhao Wenchao , Ade Harald , Zhang Chen , Yan He , Yu Han
Published: October 2023

We developed a novel Y-series small molecule acceptor by adopting benzoselenadiazole central core and alkoxy side chains on the β-position of thiophene moieties, inducing a boost in performance due to upshifted energy levels and optimized morphology.
The one‐bit diffusion for distributed beamforming over cell free wireless networks
Authors: Mostafapour Ehsan , Ghobadi Changiz , Nourinia Javad , Ezzati Nematollah
Published: October 2023

This paper presents an investigation into the theoretical performance of diffusion adaptive networks within a distributed beam coordination application in a cell‐free communication network that utilizes coarsely quantized data. This analysis assumed data pulses with 1, 2, and 3 bits, and based on this assumption, simulations and theoretical analyses of distributed beamforming are conducted. The consistency between the simulation results and theoretical findings validated the accuracy of the calculations. Additionally, the distributed quantization aware least mean square (DQA‐LMS) algorithm was introduced for distributed beam coordination, demonstrating its superior performance in scenarios involving coarsely quantized data. Convergence conditions were provided and the results through various simulations were presented, including the array network mean square deviation (MSD), mean square error (MSE), and beamforming diagrams.
A new fuzzy decoupled sliding mode control of flexible joint robotic manipulators based on the finite‐time observer in the presence of chaos with experimental validation
Authors: Nezhad Abdollah Hasan , Noiey Abolfazl Ranjbar , Soltanpour Mohammad Reza , Veysi Mohammad
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a new fuzzy non‐singular fast terminal decoupled sliding mode control based on the finite‐time extended state observer for trajectory tracking control of flexible joint robot manipulators under chaos and uncertainty. First, a suitable chaotic reference is used in a synchronization mechanism to create chaos in the dynamics. Then, the essential modifications made to the conventional decoupled sliding mode control are introduced. A new coupling variable and a non‐singular fast terminal sliding surface are proposed in combination with an extended state observer. A complete convergence analysis is also performed for all the sliding surfaces. Furthermore, two fuzzy systems are designed in such a way that not only they can eliminate the chattering phenomenon but can also improve the convergence time without increasing the control input in a voltage‐based manner. The mathematical proof guarantees the finite‐time asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop control system under the proposed scheme for a class of under‐actuated systems in the presence of structured and un‐structured uncertainties. Finally, some simulations and experimental implementations as hardware‐in‐the‐loop are performed to evaluate the proposed method's performance. The proposed controller is an effective method, as confirmed by the numerical simulation results and experimental validation.
Optimal classification tree for frequency security assessment of power systems with inverter‐based resources reinforcement
Authors: Li Yalong , Sun Yanying , Dan Yangqing , Sun Feifei
Published: October 2023

Frequency security is the premise of realizing the net‐zero transition. A novel assessment scheme is proposed to quantify the frequency security levels of transmission systems under different inverter‐based resources (IBRs) and their control parameter combinations. A novel system frequency dynamic model is proposed as a parametric optimization method, where the saturation of generators, energy storage systems, and renewable energy sources is incorporated as differential algebra equations. This problem is further reformulated as a mixed‐integer linear programming problem to generate a sufficient amount of data under different IBR integration and control parameters. The frequency security assessment problem is formulated as a data‐driven multivariate classification problem, which is solved by the optimal classification tree (OCT) algorithm with better interptretionability. Simulations are conducted on a transmission system. Numerical results indicate that the proposed system frequency dynamic model can capture the frequency dynamic under different IBR reinforcement plans and the OCT can realize accurate classification of the synthetic data regarding frequency security.
Israel and the global synthetic biology ecosystem
Authors: Dorfan Yuval , Zeevi Aviv , Reinitz Gita , Mualem Magi , Shacham‐Diamand Yosi
Published: October 2023

The field of synthetic biology emerged a few decades ago, following some key works of researchers in the USA, Europe, and the Far East. It reached Israel through academia and a few years later it finally got the attention of industry, venture capitals, and government authorities, especially the Israeli Innovation Authority, hoping to encourage entrepreneurs to establish startups in this field. Here we provide an overview of the activity of the field of synthetic biology in Israel, including historical notes, current strategy, prospects and developments, and further insight that are relevant to any stakeholders in the synthetic biology field.
Making cities smarter for an inclusive green transition towards a long‐term sustainable development: A critical literature review
Authors: Hatem Faten Mostafa
Published: October 2023

This review critically approaches the literature on smart cities while describing the significance of more value‐based rationality and more reflexive practice for constructing smart cities, rethinking how human experiences are approached to improve it to be more balanced and engaging. This transition establishes a sense of place in the city necessary to enhance people's attitudes and overall well‐being. As the vision of smart cities promotes them as more liveable cities while focusing on achieving more efficient services, the review clarifies the need to improve the ability of smart cities to produce more engaging experiences to achieve long‐term sustainable development, planning and governance as part of their green transition. The authors promote innovative approaches to realising agendas of citizen engagement and sustainability by clarifying the potential of interdisciplinary cooperation among art, place and technology. This will help redefine progress in city development from merely enhancing basic functions to improving the human experience.
Stability of coorbital planets around binaries
Authors: Adelbert Stefan , Penzlin Anna B. T. , Schäfer Christoph M. , Kley Wilhelm , Quarles Billy , Sfair Rafael
Published: October 2023

In previous hydrodynamical simulations, we found a mechanism for nearly circular binary stars, such as Kepler-413, to trap two planets in a stable 1:1 resonance. Therefore, the stability of coorbital configurations becomes a relevant question for planet formation around binary stars. For this work, we investigated the coorbital planet stability using a Kepler-413 analogue as an example and then expanded the parameters to study a general n-body stability of planet pairs in eccentric horseshoe orbits around binaries. The stability was tested by evolving the planet orbits for 105 binary periods with varying initial semi-major axes and planet eccentricities. The unstable region of a single circumbinary planet is used as a comparison to the investigated coorbital configurations in this work. We confirm previous findings on the stability of single planets and find a first order linear relation between the orbit eccentricity ep and pericentre to identify stable orbits for various binary configurations. Such a linear relation is also found for the stability of 1:1 resonant planets around binaries. Stable orbits for eccentric horseshoe configurations exist with a pericentre closer than seven binary separations and, in the case of Kepler-413, the pericentre of the first stable orbit can be approximated by rc,peri = (2.90 ep + 2.46) abin.
The SOFIA FEEDBACK [CII] Legacy Survey: Rapid molecular cloud dispersal in RCW 79
Authors: Bonne L. , Kabanovic S. , Schneider N. , Zavagno A. , Keilmann E. , Simon R. , Buchbender C. , Güsten R. , Jacob A. M. , Jacobs K. , Kavak U. , Polles F. L. , Tiwari M. , Wyrowski F. , Tielens A. G. G. M.
Published: October 2023

It has long been discussed whether stellar feedback in the form of winds and/or radiation can shred the nascent molecular cloud, thereby controlling the star formation rate. However, directly probing and quantifying the impact of stellar feedback on the neutral gas of the nascent clouds is challenging. We present an investigation of this impact toward the RCW 79 H II region using the ionized carbon line at 158 μm ([C II]) from the FEEDBACK Legacy Survey. We combine this data with information on the dozen ionizing O stars responsible for the evolution of the region, and observe in [C II] for the first time both blue- and redshifted high-velocity gas that reaches velocities of up to 25 km s−1 relative to the bulk emission of the molecular cloud. This high-velocity gas mostly contains neutral gas, and partly forms a fragmented shell, similar to recently found shells in a few Galactic H II regions. However, this shell does not account for all of the observed neutral high-velocity gas. We also find high-velocity gas streaming out of the nascent cloud through holes, and obtain a range of dynamical timescales below 1.0 Myr for the high-velocity gas that is well below the 2.3 ± 0.5 Myr age of the OB cluster. This suggests a different scenario for the evolution of RCW 79, where the high-velocity gas does not solely stem from a spherical expanding bubble, but also from gas recently ablated at the edge of the turbulent molecular cloud into the surrounding interstellar medium through low-pressure holes or chimneys. The resulting mass ejection rate estimate for the cloud is 0.9–3.5 × 10−2 M⊙ yr−1, which leads to short erosion timescales (< 5 Myr) for the nascent molecular cloud. This finding provides direct observational evidence of rapid molecular cloud dispersal.
The cylindrical jet base of M 87 within 100 μas of the central engine
Authors: Punsly B.
Published: October 2023

A recent article on high-resolution 86 GHz observations with the Global Millimeter VLBI Array, the phased Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and the Greenland Telescope describes the detection of a limb-brightened cylindrical jet, 25 μas < z < 100 μas, where z is the axial displacement from the supermassive black hole in the sky plane. It was shown to be much wider and much more collimated than 2D simulations of electromagnetic (Blandford-Znajek) jets from the event horizon predicted. This was an unanticipated discovery. The claimed detection of a jet connected to the accretion flow provides a direct observational constraint on the geometry and physics of the jet launching region for the first time in any black hole jetted system. This landmark detection warrants further analysis. This Letter focuses on the most rudimentary properties, the shape and size of the source of the detected jet emission, the determination of which is not trivial due to line-of-sight effects. Simple thick-walled cylindrical shell models for the source were analyzed to constrain the thickness of the jet wall. The analysis indicates a tubular jet source with a radius R ≈ 144 μas ≈ 38M and that the tubular jet walls have a width W ≈ 36 μas ≈ 9.5M, where M is the geometrized mass of the black hole (a volume comparable to that of the interior cavity). The observed cylindrical jet connects continuously to the highly limb-brightened jet (previously described as a thick-walled tubular jet) that extends to z > 0.65 mas, and the two are likely in fact the same outflow (i.e., from the same central engine).
Unterstützung Durch Einkaufsgemeinschaften: Digitale Tools als Must-have im Beschaffungsalltag
Authors: Pott Ariane
Published: October 2023

Die Einkaufsgemeinschaften bieten den Krankenhäusern zahlreiche digitale Anwendungen, um ihre Aufgaben einfacher und übersichtlicher zu gestalten. Besonders wichtig ist dabei die Einhaltung der einheitlichen Branchenstandards.
The mediating role of perceived brand authenticity between brand experience and brand love: a cross-cultural perspective
Authors: Rodrigues Clarinda , Brandão Amélia , Billore Soniya , Oda Tetsuhisa
Published: October 2023

This research investigates the mediating role of perceived brand authenticity (PBA) between brand experience (BE) and brand love (BL) of global high-tech brands Apple and Samsung. A quantitative study was conducted in Japan, India, and Portugal. The research found evidence that PBA is a multidimensional, reflective-formative higher-order construct composed of two lower-order components namely PBA Core and PBA Peripheral. The findings also contribute to understand how consumers are impacted by different BE and PBA dimensions using the lens of consumer culture theory and how BL is formed as a social-cultural phenomena. Finally, the study demonstrates for the first time that relationship intensity and self-authenticity moderate the effect of BE on PBA. Although limited to three countries and high-tech brands, the findings are of relevance to global brands by raising awareness that culture plays a key role in how consumers perceive authentic brand experiences and how passionate feelings for global brands can be strengthened.
Atmospheric muons at PeV energies in radio neutrino detectors
Authors: Pyras L. , Glaser C. , Hallmann S. , Nelles A.
Published: October 2023

Experiments seeking to detect radio emission stemming from neutrino interactions will soon
reach sensitivities that bring a detection within reach. Since experiments like RNO-G or
the future IceCube-Gen2 target more than an order of magnitude more effective volume than existing
experiments, the renewed and detailed study of rare backgrounds is needed. In this paper, we study
the potential background from energy losses of highly energetic atmospheric muons. Due to both
limited experimental measurements and limited modeling in hadronic interaction models, the
expected event rate is subject to large uncertainties. Here, we estimate rate predictions and
their uncertainties for different models and instrumental parameters. We also study possible
routes towards mitigation of the muon background, such as parent air shower detection, and
illustrate what is needed to make the first measurement of the prompt muon flux at energies above
10 PeV.
Hemophagocyte morphology and hypertriglyceridemia correlate with diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in patients with bone marrow hemophagocytes
Authors: Yan Mingfei , Beck Rose C , Gadde Ramya
Published: October 2023

Objectives

To investigate laboratory and bone marrow findings that can help predict a diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) for patients who have demonstrated hemophagocytes (HPCs) in the bone marrow.

Methods

A total of 57 cases from 48 patients with HPCs present on bone marrow examination were included. The numbers and morphologic characteristics of HPCs with ingested nucleated cells (nHPC) were counted. Pertinent medical history, relevant laboratory values, and flow cytometry data at the time of bone marrow biopsy were collected.

Results

A total of 24 patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria for HLH, and the remaining 24 patients did not. By using HLH-2004 cutoffs, only hypertriglyceridemia (≥265 mg/dL) was significantly associated with HLH diagnosis. The HLH cases more frequently had nHPC-ingesting granulocytic cells (gHPC) (75.9% vs 24.1%, P = .009). The percentage of gHPC to all nHPC was also significantly higher in HLH cases (median, 15.4% vs 0%; P = .0002). Both triglyceride level (area under the curve [AUC]  = 0.88, P < .0001) and gHPC percentage (AUC = 0.81, P = .0005) were significant in predicting HLH diagnosis. Finally, no overt immunophenotypic abnormality was noted for 19 HLH cases with available flow cytometry data.

Conclusions

The presence of hypertriglyceridemia and more frequent gHPC has predictive value for HLH diagnosis in patients with bone marrow HPC.
MSI-XGNN: an explainable GNN computational framework integrating transcription- and methylation-level biomarkers for microsatellite instability detection
Authors: Cao Yang , Wang Dan , Wu Jin , Yao Zhanxin , Shen Si , Niu Chao , Liu Ying , Zhang Pengcheng , Wang Quannian , Wang Jinhao , Li Hua , Wei Xi , Wang Xinxing , Dong Qingyang
Published: October 2023

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a hypermutator phenotype caused by DNA mismatch repair deficiency. MSI has been reported in various human cancers, particularly colorectal, gastric and endometrial cancers. MSI is a promising biomarker for cancer prognosis and immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Several computational methods have been developed for MSI detection using DNA- or RNA-based approaches based on next-generation sequencing. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, regulate gene expression and play critical roles in the development and progression of cancer. We here developed MSI-XGNN, a new computational framework for predicting MSI status using bulk RNA-sequencing and DNA methylation data. MSI-XGNN is an explainable deep learning model that combines a graph neural network (GNN) model to extract features from the gene-methylation probe network with a CatBoost model to classify MSI status. MSI-XGNN, which requires tumor-only samples, exhibited comparable performance with two well-known methods that require tumor-normal paired sequencing data, MSIsensor and MANTIS and better performance than several other tools. MSI-XGNN also showed good generalizability on independent validation datasets. MSI-XGNN identified six MSI markers consisting of four methylation probes (EPM2AIP1|MLH1:cg14598950, EPM2AIP1|MLH1:cg27331401, LNP1:cg05428436 and TSC22D2:cg15048832) and two genes (RPL22L1 and MSH4) constituting the optimal feature subset. All six markers were significantly associated with beneficial tumor microenvironment characteristics for immunotherapy, such as tumor mutation burden, neoantigens and immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death-1 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4. Overall, our study provides a powerful and explainable deep learning model for predicting MSI status and identifying MSI markers that can potentially be used for clinical MSI evaluation.
Latent space search based multimodal optimization with personalized edge-network biomarker for multi-purpose early disease prediction
Authors: Liang Jing , Li Zong-Wei , Sun Ze-Ning , Bi Ying , Cheng Han , Zeng Tao , Guo Wei-Feng
Published: October 2023

Considering that cancer is resulting from the comutation of several essential genes of individual patients, researchers have begun to focus on identifying personalized edge-network biomarkers (PEBs) using personalized edge-network analysis for clinical practice. However, most of existing methods ignored the optimization of PEBs when multimodal biomarkers exist in multi-purpose early disease prediction (MPEDP). To solve this problem, this study proposes a novel model (MMPDENB-RBM) that combines personalized dynamic edge-network biomarkers (PDENB) theory, multimodal optimization strategy and latent space search scheme to identify biomarkers with different configurations of PDENB modules (i.e. to effectively identify multimodal PDENBs). The application to the three largest cancer omics datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (i.e. breast invasive carcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma) showed that the MMPDENB-RBM model could more effectively predict critical cancer state compared with other advanced methods. And, our model had better convergence, diversity and multimodal property as well as effective optimization ability compared with the other state-of-art methods. Particularly, multimodal PDENBs identified were more enriched with different functional biomarkers simultaneously, such as tissue-specific synthetic lethality edge-biomarkers including cancer driver genes and disease marker genes. Importantly, as our aim, these multimodal biomarkers can perform diverse biological and biomedical significances for drug target screen, survival risk assessment and novel biomedical sight as the expected multi-purpose of personalized early disease prediction. In summary, the present study provides multimodal property of PDENBs, especially the therapeutic biomarkers with more biological significances, which can help with MPEDP of individual cancer patients.
OPUS-Fold3: a gradient-based protein all-atom folding and docking framework on TensorFlow
Authors: Xu Gang , Luo Zhenwei , Zhou Ruhong , Wang Qinghua , Ma Jianpeng
Published: October 2023

For refining and designing protein structures, it is essential to have an efficient protein folding and docking framework that generates a protein 3D structure based on given constraints. In this study, we introduce OPUS-Fold3 as a gradient-based, all-atom protein folding and docking framework, which accurately generates 3D protein structures in compliance with specified constraints, such as a potential function as long as it can be expressed as a function of positions of heavy atoms. Our tests show that, for example, OPUS-Fold3 achieves performance comparable to pyRosetta in backbone folding and significantly better in side-chain modeling. Developed using Python and TensorFlow 2.4, OPUS-Fold3 is user-friendly for any source-code level modifications and can be seamlessly combined with other deep learning models, thus facilitating collaboration between the biology and AI communities. The source code of OPUS-Fold3 can be downloaded from http://github.com/OPUS-MaLab/opus_fold3. It is freely available for academic usage.