bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Продукти природного опію в сучасній структурі наркотичних отруєнь (огляд літератури та результати скринінгу на наркотики у 1990-2020 рр.)
Authors: Курділь НВ
Published: May 2021

Незважаючи на стрімке збільшення обсягів споживання синтетичних наркотиків у США, країнах Європейського Союзу та багатьох інших регіонах світу, наркотичні та психоактивні речовини природного походження залишаються актуальним об’єктом дослідження токсикологів.

Мета. Аналіз результатів скринінгу на наркотики групи опію за 1990 – 2020 рр. та їхній вплив на формування гострих ненавмисних отруєнь серед дорослого населення м. Києва.

Матеріали та методи. Проведено ретроспективний аналіз звітів токсикологічної лабораторії Київської міської клінічної лікарні швидкої медичної допомоги за 1990 – 2020 рр. про результати хіміко-токсикологічного скринінгу на вміст наркотичних речовин у осіб з діагнозом: «Гостре наркотичне отруєння» (МКХ-10:Т40.0-Т40.3). Використано методи: імунохроматографічний аналіз (ІХА), хроматографія у тонкому шарі сорбенту (ТШХ) та газорідинна хроматографія з мас-спектральним детектуванням (ГХ/МС).

Результати. За офіційними даними, в Україні у 2019 р. речовини, що стали причиною звернення осіб за медичною допомогою, розподілені наступним чином: опіоїди – 68,53%; канабіноїди – 6,84%; кокаїн – 0,08%; галюциногени – 0,04%; інші наркотики – 24,51%. Серед осіб, померлих внаслідок отруєнь наркотиками, частка опіатів Т40.2 (кодеїн, морфін) становила 16%; опій Т40.0 – 4%; метадон Т40.3 – 23%; інших наркотиків Т40.4 (петидин) – 2%, що разом становить 45%. За результатами хіміко-токсикологічного скринінгу на вміст опіатів встановлено, що першу сходинку за темпом середньорічного зростання посідають: бупренорфін (+7,95%), морфін (+7,6%) і героїн (+6,04%). Зменшення кількості позитивних тестів відбулося у групі опіатів – «ширки» (–9,38%) і алкалоїдів опію (–2,55%). Останні 10 років відбувається прогресивне зростання щорічної кількості позитивних тестів на вміст метадону (+39,3%) при R 2 =8904, що свідчить про стабільність темпу зростання показника.

Висновки. Опіати продовжують займати вагомий сегмент у структурі наркотичних речовин, де свої позиції за період 1990 – 2020 рр. посилили бупренорфін, морфін і героїн на фоні послаблення позиції опію («ширки») та алкалоїдів опію; одночасно відбувається швидке збільшення частки напівсинтетичних і синтетичних опіоїдів. Зазначені зміни обумовлюють необхідність постійного удосконалення методів хіміко-токсикологічних досліджень продуктів опію, клінічної діагностики та профілактики пов’язаних з ними отруєнь.

Ключові слова: опіати, наркотичні отруєння.
Eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinde eş seçme stratejileri ve ilişki doyumu
Authors: SONER Gökçenur , DÜŞÜNCELİ Betül
Published: May 2021

Araştırma, eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinde eş seçme stratejileri ve ilişki doyumu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca öğrencilerin eş seçme stratejileri ve ilişki doyumunun cinsiyete ve deneyimledikleri romantik ilişki sayısına göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı da araştırmada incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın örneklemini, araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 866 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada verilerin toplanması için Eş Seçme Stratejileri Envanteri, İlişki Doyum Ölçeği ve araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma, ilişkisel tarama modelinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizi için SPSS paket programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal dağılıma uyup uymadığını saptamak amacıyla Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro Wilk normallik testi uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analizi için non-parametrik testlerden Spearman Sıra Farkları Korelasyon Yöntemi, Kruskal Wallis ve Mann-Whitney U Testleri uygulanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, ilişki doyumu ile eş seçme stratejileri fiziksel özellik ve aşk alt boyutu arasında düşük düzeyde pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin İlişki Doyumu puanları ile Eş Seçme Stratejileri Envanteri aile kurumu ve güven, sosyoekonomik durum, dinî ve siyasi benzerlik, bekâret ve çocuk bakımı alt boyutları arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Eş Seçme Stratejileri Envanteri bekâret alt boyutu puanı hariç diğer alt boyutları cinsiyetlerine göre; dinî ve siyasi benzerlik, fiziksel özellik, bekâret ve aşk alt boyut puanları deneyimledikleri romantik ilişki sayısına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir. Ayrıca ilişki doyumu, katılımcıların deneyimledikleri romantik ilişki sayısına göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir. Araştırma bulguları ilgili literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.
Xenophobia and Class Conflicts Among Venezuelan Migrants: An Ethnographic Study in the City of Ibarra, Ecuador
Authors: Mantilla Jorge
Published: May 2021

In recent years, the city of Ibarra, Ecuador has received nearly 10,000 migrants from Venezuela. In this municipality, the relations between locals and migrants are quite complex. In January 2019, a group of local residents physically assaulted several Venezuelan migrants (Case Diana). These acts had a xenophobic nature. Through ethnographic research, this article analyzes the social dynamics at this city in the months after these events. The research showed that, on the one hand, after these events migrants criticized homogenizing discourses, highlighting the group's own heterogeneity. On the other, migrants also strengthened cooperation networks based on belonging to Venezuelan nationality. The article is aimed to shed light on intergroup dynamics in intermediate cities in the context of the ever-growing Venezuelan migration in Latin America.
Neden antropoloji? Aktivist antropoloji üzerine bir değerlendirme
Authors: DİŞLİ Semra Özlem
Published: May 2021

2020 yılının başından itibaren tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 salgını ve salgın yöntemi ekolojik yıkım, iklim krizi, yoksulluk ile yerleşik eşitsizlik gibi mevcut birçok sorunu daha da görünür hale getirdi. Bu yazı da antropolojinin bu mevcut sorunların çözümüne nasıl katkı sağlayabileceği üzerine düşünerek, aktivist antropoloji yaklaşımını konu edinmektedir. Bu bağlamda yazı konuyu üç aşamada ele almaktadır. İlk olarak disiplinin sınırlarına ilişkin genel bir değerlendirme yapılmaktadır. Bu değerlendirme aktivizm ile antropoloji arasındaki keskin ayrımdan hareket etmektedir. İkinci olarak ise toplumsal sorunların çözümüne yönelik antropoloji yaklaşımını ifade eden uygulamalı antropoloji yaklaşımı ele alınmaktadır. Uygulamalı antropolojinin ele alınmasındaki amaç, aralarındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları yoluyla aktivist antropolojinin analizine zemin hazırlamaktadır. Nihayet, aktivist antropoloji incelenerek antropolojiyi kamusal bir ses ve sorumluluğa, dahası bir mücadele alanı haline dönüştürme imkânın ortaya konması hedeflenmektedir.
Tekst iznad kulture: historijat književnog prevođenja s perzijskog na bosanski jezik
Authors: Drkić Munir , Zildžić Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Nekolicina klasičnih tekstova iz perzijske književnosti bila je čitana, tumačena i izučavana na prostoru Bosne još od XV stoljeća; međutim, prijevodna aktivnost s perzijskog na bosanski jezik počinje u drugoj polovini XIX stoljeća. Osnovni cilj ovoga članka jeste ponuditi historijski pregled književnog prevođenja s perzijskog na bosanski jezik. Autori ovoga članka historijat te prijevodne tradicije klasificiraju u tri perioda: 1. Od nastanka prvih prijevoda do 1950. godine; 2. od 1950. do 1990. godine; 3. od 1990. godine do danas. Potom su kraćom analizom najznačajnijih prijevoda pobrojane najznačajnije karakteristike svakog perioda. Na kraju autori zaključuju da prijevodna aktivnost proširuje zanimanje i na djela savremene književnosti, kao i na neke tekstove koji nisu bili zastupljeni u osmanskom periodu, ali su ipak klasični tekstovi, posebno oni koji su četiri stoljeća prije nastanka prvih prijevoda bili dobro poznati u ovdašnjem kulturnom kontekstu, zastupljeniji u prijevodima od savremenih. Najznačajniji među njima prevođeni su u svakom periodu, a prevodioci su slijedili različite pristupe.
Frazeologija Alise u zemlji čuda
Authors: Hodžić-Čavkić Azra
Published: May 2021

Budući da je frazeologija plodno tlo za proučavanje specifičnih aspekata kulture kroz jezik, kao i to da je djelo Lewisa Carrolla Alisa u zemlji čuda više puta, iz više različitih pera prevođeno na našim prostorima, smatrali smo utemeljenim pobliže preispitati ovo djelo kroz prijevodne ekvivalente idiomskih skupina. U pojedinim slučajevima pokazalo se kako je prijevod daleko “kreativniji” od originala, ali se također potvrđivalo i suprotno. U jedno se treba biti siguran: Alisa u zemlji čuda kao nijedno književno ostvarenje prije ili poslije nje nije tako efektno progovorilo jezikom idiomskih skupina upravo o temi idiomskih skupina općenito, jer jezik je zemlja čuda, a Mačak u Alisi otjelotvorenje je idiomskih skupina. Ovaj se rad također bavi i redefiniranjem postojećih temelja u frazeologiji s obzirom na iskustvo ogledanja originala i više prijevoda.
Dinamika City Branding Kota Surakarta Dalam Menarik Minat Berkunjung Wisatawan
Authors: Pandansari Dyah Ayu , Purnomo Eko Priyo , Kasiwi Aulia Nur
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peranan city branding dalam meningkatkan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan di Kota Surakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kepustakaan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu metode dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis isi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah city branding merupakan salah satu upaya suatu kota untuk mempertahan kan eksistensi keunggulan daerahnya dalam persaingan global melalui logo, tagline, simbol, maupun slogan. Hal tersebut merupakan suatu elemen penting dalam pengembangan aspek-aspek kehidupan di Kota, begitu pula dengan Surakarta yang merasa bahwa dalam upaya meningkatkan kualias kotanya perlu dilakukan branding hingga dunia internasional. Maka, city branding di kota Surakarta menggunakan tagline “Solo The Spirit Of Java” untuk menggambarkan identitas kota Surakarta kepada dunia bahwa kota Surakarta merupakan pusat peradaban kebudayaan Jawa sehingga menyatakan diri bahwa Solo adalah jiwanya Jawa. Strategi pemerintah kota Surakarta dalam rangka menarik minat berkunjung wisatawan yaitu melalui atraksi-atraksi kebudayaan, festival-festival seni dan budaya, dan penyediaan sarana dan prasarana yang mampu mengakomodir kebutuhan wisatawan. Selain itu, pemerintah juga menggandeng komunitas, dan swasta atau pihak eksternal birokrat dalam melakukan komunikasi branding. Akan tetapi, komunikasi dan konsistensi dalam melakukan promosi branding harus diiringi dengan sinergitas antar aktor-aktor yang terlibat sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan utama dari city branding. Rekomendasi untuk pemerintah dalam melakukan branding yaitu konsistensi branding yang digunakan sebagai wujud identitas kota Surakarta karena didalam tagline “Solo The Spirit Of Java” terdapat beberapa sub-branding yang juga dipasarkan kepada publik.

 

Kata kunci; City Branding; Minat Berkunjung; Kota Surakarta.
MOMENTUM PENATAAN ULANG ORGANISASI PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN/ KOTA PADA ERA “NEW NORMAL”
Authors: Rohmadin, S.STP., M.Si Sulthon , Wasistiono Sadu
Published: May 2021

Pandemi virus corona menuntut seluruh sektor untuk berbenah dan menyesuaikan diri dengan kondisi normal baru (new normal), tidak terkecuali organisasi Pemerintah Daerah. Pemerintah Daerah sebaiknya melakukan beberapa langkah perubahan untuk memberikan dorongan (driving force) agar organisasi pemerintah daerah lebih efektif dan efisien dalam menjalan tugas dan fungsinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan konsep baru dalam rangka penataan organisasi pemerintah daerah  di era “new normal“ serta menghadapi revolusi industry 4.0 dengan menggunakan metode penelitian studi literatur. Konsep baru yang ditawarkan dalam penataaan organisasi pemerintah daerah mencakup 6 (enam) aspek, diantaranya aspek strategi, aspek struktur, aspek proses, aspek masyarakat, aspek teknologi dan aspek kepemimpinan.
Relasi Agama dan Negara untuk Pencapaian Tujuan Pemerintahan
Authors: Anggara Ikang Putra , Utama Alip Susilowati
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAK

 

Persoalan yang sejak awal kemerdekaan Indonesia hingga kini belum selesai adalah tentang hubungan agama khususnya Islam dengan Negara. Beberapa contoh yang terekam oleh sejarah misalnya peristiwa pemberontakan yang dikenal dengan nama Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia (DI/TII) serta Pemerintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia. Kasus mutakhir yang menunjukkan tentang ketegangan hubungan agama dan Negara di Indonesia adalah terkait upaya penanganan kasus radikalisme dan terorisme yang dirasakan oleh umat Islam terkesan menyudutkan dan menstigmatisasi kelompok Islam saja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan agama dan Negara menurut perspektif ormas Islam dan kelompok keagamaan di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu yang diukur dari pandangan informan tentang hubungan yang ideal antara agama Islam dengan negara, eksistensi negara-bangsa Indonesia yang berdasar pada Pancasila, memaknai keberadaan kelompok radikalis dan teroris dalam Islam, serta alternatif upaya dalam menangani persoalan radikalisme dan terorisme di Negara Indonesia.

 

Kata Kunci: Agama; Negara; Radikalisme; Terorisme
KESIAPSIAGAAN PEMERINTAH KABUPATEN BREBES DALAM MENGHADAPI BENCANA BANJIR DIMASA PADEMI COVID-19
Authors: FIKRI AHMAD FATKUL , Maarif Syamsul , Widana IDK Kerta , Tyas Titisari Haruming
Published: May 2021

Penelitian berjudul “Kesiapsiagaan Pemerintah Kabupaten Brebes dalam Menghadapi Bencana Banjir dimasa Pandemi Covid-19”. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sejauhmana kesiapsiagaan pemerintah Kabupaten Brebes dalam menghadapi bencana banjir dimasa pandemi covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam pengumpulan data meggunakan wawancara, pengamatan/observasi, dan dokumentasi. Sementara dalam melakukan analisis menggunakan teknik analisis model Miles, Huberman dan Saldana. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 1). Pemerintah Kabupaten Brebes memiliki pengetahuan yang baik terhadap ancaman bencana banjir dan covid-19; 2). Pemerintah Kabupaten Brebes belum memiliki rencana kontijensi bencana banjir yang dihadapkan pada kondisi pandemi; 3). Sistem peringatan dini ancaman bencana banjir masih bersifat konvensional; 4). Pemerintah Kabupaten Brebes belum pernah melakukan simulasi banjir dimasa pandemi covid-19 5). Pemerintah Kabupaten Brebes telah melakukan kerjasama dengan masyarakat dalam kesiapsiagaan bencana banjir. Adapun rekomendasi dari penulis yaitu 1). Merumuskan regulasi untuk penanggulangan bencana dimasa pandemi; 2). Menyiapkan lokasi tempat pengungsian yang memenuhi protkol kesehatan; 3). Memrumuskan rencana kontigensi ancaman bencana banjir dimasa pandemi; 4) Melatih relawan dala penanganan korban suspect covid-19; 5). Meningkatkan koordinasi dan kerjasama dalam hubungan sipil-militer.
21st Century Neo-androgyny: What is androgyny anymore and why we should still care.
Authors: Woodhill Bobbi , Samuels Curtis
Published: May 2021

The lack of an accepted theory of psychological androgyny has been the seeds for its de-construction. Over the decades, the testing of ideas associated with androgyny has declined. Indeed the debates over its usefulness as a construct ended long ago. The judgment nowadays is that debating the constructs of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny as behavioural traits has been long settled, and a contemporary revisiting of androgyny is not warranted. However, from another contemporary viewpoint, if androgyny is to have any future, it needs a new theory devoid of masculinity and femininity. This article details a new de-gendered theory of psychological androgyny, neo-androgyny, as a candidate to replace traditional models that are now considered outdated and irrelevant. We present five potential factors for inclusion in a de-gendered model: Social Efficacy, Creativity, Capability, Eminence, and Determination. We review these factors concerning the future of androgyny theory.
Targeted Drug Delivery Systems for Kidney Diseases
Authors: Huang Xiaohan , Ma Yanhong , Li Yangyang , Han Fei , Lin Weiqiang
Published: May 2021

Kidney diseases have gradually become a global health burden. Along with the development of nanotechnology, many hybrids or nanomaterials have been utilized to promote treatment efficiency with negligible side effects. These therapeutic agents have been successfully applied in many fields. In particular, some efforts have also been made to ameliorate the treatment of kidney diseases through targeted delivery nanomaterials. Though most of the delivery systems have not yet been transmitted into clinical use or even still at an early stage, they have shown great potential in carrying immunosuppressants like tacrolimus and triptolide, antioxidants, or siRNAs. Excitingly, some of them have achieved significant treatment effectiveness and reduced systemic side effect in kidney disease animal models. Here, we have reviewed the recent advances and presented nanotherapeutic devices designed for kidney targeted delivery.
Exosomes Isolated From Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exert a Protective Effect on Osteoarthritis via lncRNA LYRM4-AS1-GRPR-miR-6515-5p
Authors: Wang Xiuhui , Li Zhuokai , Cui Yin , Cui Xu , Chen Cheng , Wang Zhe
Published: May 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of exosomes isolated from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on osteoarthritis (OA) and a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network.

Methods

Exosomes were isolated from human BMSCs and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Nanosight (NTA), and western blotting. Chondrocytes were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and then transfected with exosomes. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry, respectively. Cells with IL-1β and exosomes were sequenced, and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) and miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified. Thereafter, a ceRNA network (LYRM4-AS1-GRPR-miR-6515-5p) was chosen for further validation.

Results

TEM, NTA, and western blotting showed that exosomes were successfully isolated, and PKH67 staining showed that exosomes could be taken up by IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Compared with the control group, IL-1β significantly decreased cell viability and promoted apoptosis (P < 0.05), while exosomes reversed the changes induced by IL-1β. For MMP3, AKT, and GRPR, IL-1β upregulated their expression, while exosomes downregulated their expression. For PTEN, there was no significant difference in PTEN expression between the control and IL-1β groups; however, exosomes markedly upregulated PTEN expression. By sequencing, 907 DE-lncRNAs and 25 DE-miRNAs were identified, and a ceRNA network was constructed. The dual-luciferase reporter gene indicated that LYRM4-AS1, miR-6515-5, and GRPR interacted with each other. The results of cell experiments showed that LYRM4-AS1 regulated the growth of IL-1β-induced chondrocytes by GRPR/miR-6515-5p.

Conclusion

Exosomes may alleviate OA inflammation by regulating the LYRM4-AS1/GRPR/miR-6515-5p signaling pathway.
“Janus-Faced” α-Synuclein: Role in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ray Bipul , Mahalakshmi Arehally M. , Tuladhar Sunanda , Bhat Abid , Srinivasan Asha , Pellegrino Christophe , Kannan Anbarasu , Bolla Srinivasa Rao , Chidambaram Saravana Babu , Sakharkar Meena Kishore
Published: May 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a pathological condition characterized by the aggregation and the resultant presence of intraneuronal inclusions termed Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites which are mainly composed of fibrillar α-synuclein (α-syn) protein. Pathogenic aggregation of α-syn is identified as the major cause of LBs deposition. Several mutations in α-syn showing varied aggregation kinetics in comparison to the wild type (WT) α-syn are reported in PD (A30P, E46K, H 50Q, G51D, A53E, and A53T). Also, the cell-to-cell spread of pathological α-syn plays a significant role in PD development. Interestingly, it has also been suggested that the pathology of PD may begin in the gastrointestinal tract and spread via the vagus nerve (VN) to brain proposing the gut–brain axis of α-syn pathology in PD. Despite multiple efforts, the behavior and functions of this protein in normal and pathological states (specifically in PD) is far from understood. Furthermore, the etiological factors responsible for triggering aggregation of this protein remain elusive. This review is an attempt to collate and present latest information on α-syn in relation to its structure, biochemistry and biophysics of aggregation in PD. Current advances in therapeutic efforts toward clearing the pathogenic α-syn via autophagy/lysosomal flux are also reviewed and reported.
Metformin Reverses Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis by Regulating Key Immune Events
Authors: Jia Xi , Zhai Tianyu , Qu Chunjie , Ye Jianjun , Zhao Jing , Liu Xuerong , Zhang Jin-an , Qian Qiaohui
Published: May 2021

Background

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by high levels of thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroid globulin antibody (TgAb) as well as infiltration of lymphocytes in thyroid. In recent years, metformin has been proven to be effective in a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Methods

This study systematically explored the therapeutic effect of metformin on HT and its underlying mechanism by comprehensively utilizing methods including animal model, in vitro cell culture and differentiation, mRNA sequencing and 16S rRNA sequencing.

Findings

We found that metformin indeed had a therapeutic effect on mice with HT mainly by reducing TgAb and lymphocyte infiltration in thyroid tissue. In addition, metformin also significantly suppressed the number and function of Th17 cells and M1 macrophages polarization in HT mice. Furthermore, metformin can inhibit the differentiation and function of Th17 in vitro. The results of mRNA sequencing of thyroid tissue illustrated that the therapeutic effect of metformin on HT was mainly achieved by regulating immune pathways. 16S RNA sequencing of the intestinal flora found that the intestinal flora of HT mice differs significantly from that of the normal mice and also were altered by metformin treatment.

Interpretation

These experiments provided a preliminary theoretical basis for the clinical application of metformin in the treatment of HT.
LINC02678 as a Novel Prognostic Marker Promotes Aggressive Non-small-cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jia Dexin , Xing Ying , Zhan Yuning , Cao Mengru , Tian Fanglin , Fan Weina , Huang Jian , Cui Yimeng , Gu Ruixue , Cui Yaowen , Liu Yuechao , Zhang Shuai , Cai Li , Li Xiaomei
Published: May 2021

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is considered to be a fatal disease and characterized by a poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to act as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in solid tumors. However, the expression of lncRNAs and their clinical relevance in NSCLC remain undetermined. The gene expression data profiled in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE81089) were employed to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs in NSCLC. LINC02678 was found to be upregulated in NSCLC and exhibited hypomethylation of the promoter region in NSCLC tissues. LINC02678 (also called RP11-336A10.5) was associated with poorer overall survival and relapse-free survival in NSCLC patients. In vitro models of gain- and loss-of-function demonstrated that LINC02678 promotes NSCLC progression by promoting NSCLC cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, as well as inducing NSCLC cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. LINC02678 was primarily located in the nucleus and could bind with the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Moreover, we found that LINC02678 knockdown impaired the occupancy capacity of EZH2 and trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3) at the promoter region of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) and E-cadherin, as confirmed by ChIP-qPCR. A mouse transplantation model further demonstrated that LINC02678 could promote the tumorigenic and metastatic capacities of NSCLC cells. We identified LINC02678 as a tumor promoter in NSCLC, which enhanced the growth and metastasis of NSCLC cells by binding with EZH2, indicating that LINC02678 may serve as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Ginsenoside Rb1 Enhances Plaque Stability and Inhibits Adventitial Vasa Vasorum via the Modulation of miR-33 and PEDF
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Wang Lei , Zhang Zihao , Hu Jiayi , Liu Xiaoling , Wen Hao , Liu Minghao , Zhang Xue , Dai Hongyan , Ni Mei , Li Rui , Guo Rong , Zhang Lei , Luan Xiaorong , Lin Huili , Dong Mei , Lu Huixia
Published: May 2021

Background: Atherosclerosis is closely associated with proliferation of the adventitial vasa vasorum, leading to the atherosclerotic plaque progression and vulnerability. In this report, we investigated the role of Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) on atherosclerotic plaque stabilization and adventitial vasa vasorum (VV) along with the mechanisms involved.

Methods and Results: Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 20 weeks, and then Ginsenoside Rb1 (50 mg/kg/d, intraperitoneal) was given for 4 weeks. Rb1 treatment significantly inhibited adventitial VV proliferation, alleviated inflammation, decreased plaque burden, and stabilized atherosclerotic plaques in apoE−/− mice. However, the beneficial effects of Rb1 on atherosclerotic lesion was attenuated by overexpression of miR-33. The analysis from atherosclerotic plaque revealed that Rb1 treatment could result in an induction of Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) expression and reduction of the miR-33 generation. Overexpression of miR-33 significantly reverted the Rb1-mediated elevation of PEDF and anti-angiogenic effect.

Conclusions: Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates plaque growth and enhances plaque stability partially through inhibiting adventitial vasa vasorum proliferation and inflammation in apoE−/− mice. The anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammation effects of Rb1 are exerted via the modulation of miR-33 and its target gene PEDF.
Hydrated Peridotite – Basaltic Melt Interaction Part I: Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth
Authors: Borisova Anastassia Y. , Zagrtdenov Nail R. , Toplis Michael J. , Bohrson Wendy A. , Nédélec Anne , Safonov Oleg G. , Pokrovski Gleb S. , Ceuleneer Georges , Bindeman Ilya N. , Melnik Oleg E. , Jochum Klaus Peter , Stoll Brigitte , Weis Ulrike , Bychkov Andrew Y. , Gurenko Andrey A. , Shcheka Svyatoslav , Terehin Artem , Polukeev Vladimir M. , Varlamov Dmitry A. , Chariteiro Kouassi , Gouy Sophie , de Parseval Philippe
Published: May 2021

Current theories suggest that the first continental crust on Earth, and possibly on other terrestrial planets, may have been produced early in their history by direct melting of hydrated peridotite. However, the conditions, mechanisms and necessary ingredients for this crustal formation remain elusive. To fill this gap, we conducted time-series experiments to investigate the reaction of serpentinite with variable proportions (from 0 to 87 wt%) of basaltic melt at temperatures of 1,250–1,300°C and pressures of 0.2–1.0 GPa (corresponding to lithostatic depths of ∼5–30 km). The experiments at 0.2 GPa reveal the formation of forsterite-rich olivine (Fo90–94) and chromite coexisting with silica-rich liquids (57–71 wt% SiO2). These melts share geochemical similarities with tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite rocks (TTG) identified in modern terrestrial oceanic mantle settings. By contrast, liquids formed at pressures of 1.0 GPa are poorer in silica (∼50 wt% SiO2). Our results suggest a new mechanism for the formation of the embryonic continental crust via aqueous fluid-assisted partial melting of peridotite at relatively low pressures (∼0.2 GPa). We hypothesize that such a mechanism of felsic crust formation may have been widespread on the early Earth and, possibly on Mars as well, before the onset of modern plate tectonics and just after solidification of the first ultramafic-mafic magma ocean and alteration of this primitive protocrust by seawater at depths of less than 10 km.
Holocene Spatiotemporal Redox Variations in the Southern Baltic Sea
Authors: Hardisty Dalton S. , Riedinger Natascha , Planavsky Noah J. , Asael Dan , Bates Steven M. , Lyons Timothy W.
Published: May 2021

Low oxygen conditions in the modern Baltic Sea are exacerbated by human activities; however, anoxic conditions also prevailed naturally over the Holocene. Few studies have characterized the specific paleoredox conditions (manganous, ferruginous, euxinic) and their frequency in southern Baltic sub-basins during these ancient events. Here, we apply a suite of isotope systems (Fe, Mo, S) and associated elemental proxies (e.g., Fe speciation, Mn) to specifically define water column redox regimes through the Baltic Holocene in a sill-proximal to sill-distal transect (Lille Belt, Bornholm Basin, Landsort Deep) using samples collected during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 347. At the sill-proximal Lille Belt, there is evidence for anoxic manganous/ferruginous conditions for most of the cored interval following the transition from the Ancylus Lake to Littorina Sea but with no clear excursion to more reducing or euxinic conditions associated with the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) or Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) events. At the sill-distal southern sub-basin, Bornholm Basin, a combination of Fe speciation, pore water Fe, and solid phase Mo concentration and isotope data point to manganous/ferruginous conditions during the Ancylus Lake-to-Littorina Sea transition and HTM but with only brief excursions to intermittently or weakly euxinic conditions during this interval. At the western Baltic Proper sub-basin, Landsort Deep, new Fe and S isotope data bolster previous Mo isotope records and Fe speciation evidence for two distinct anoxic periods but also suggest that sulfide accumulation beyond transient levels was largely restricted to the sediment-water interface. Ultimately, the combined data from all three locations indicate that Fe enrichments typically indicative of euxinia may be best explained by Fe deposition as oxides following events likely analogous to the periodic incursions of oxygenated North Sea waters observed today, with subsequent pyrite formation in sulfidic pore waters. Additionally, the Mo isotope data from multiple Baltic Sea southern basins argue against restricted and widespread euxinic conditions, as has been demonstrated in the Baltic Proper and Bothnian Sea during the HTM or MCA. Instead, similar to today, each past Baltic anoxic event is characterized by redox conditions that become progressively more reducing with increasing distance from the sill.
Ongoing Inversion of a Passive Margin: Spatial Variability of Strain Markers Along the Algerian Margin and Basin (Mediterranean Sea) and Seismotectonic Implications
Authors: Leffondré Pierre , Déverchère Jacques , Medaouri Mourad , Klingelhoefer Frauke , Graindorge David , Arab Mohamed
Published: May 2021

Subduction initiation is an important but still poorly documented process on Earth. Here, we document one of a few cases of ongoing transition between passive and active continental margins by identifying the geometrical and structural signatures that witness the tectonic inversion of the Algerian continental margin and the deep oceanic domain, located at the northern edge of the slow-rate, diffuse plate boundary between Africa and Eurasia. We have analyzed and tied 7900 km of deep seismic reflection post-stacked data over an area of ∼1200 km long and ∼120 km wide. The two-way traveltime lines were converted into depth sections in order to reconstruct and map realistic geometries of seismic horizons and faults from the seafloor down to the acoustic basement. Along the whole length of this young transitional domain, we identify a clear margin segmentation and significant changes in the tectonic signature at the margin toe and in the deep basement. While the central margin depicts a typical thick- and thin-skinned tectonic style with frontal propagation of crustal thrust ramps, the central-eastern margin (Jijel segment) reveals a higher strain focusing at the margin toe together with the largest flexural response of the oceanic lithosphere. Conversely, strain at the margin toe is limited in the western margin but displays a clear buckling of the oceanic crust up to the Spanish margin. We interpret these contrasting, segmented behavior as resulting from inherited heterogeneities in (1) the geometry of the Algerian continental margin from West to East (wrench faulting in the west, stretched margin elsewhere) and (2) the Miocene thermal state related to the diachronous opening of the Algerian basin and to the magmatic imprint of the Tethyan slab tearing at deep crustal levels. The narrow oceanic lithosphere of the Western Algerian basin is assumed to favor buckling against flexure. From the dimension and continuity of the main south-dipping blind thrusts identified at the margin toe, we reassess seismic hazards by defining potential lengths for ruptures zones leading to potential magnitudes up to 8.0 off the central and eastern Algerian margins.
Correcting for Systematic Underestimation of Topographic Glacier Aerodynamic Roughness Values From Hintereisferner, Austria
Authors: Chambers Joshua R. , Smith Mark W. , Smith Thomas , Sailer Rudolf , Quincey Duncan J. , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Nicholson Lindsey , Mertes Jordan , Stiperski Ivana , James Mike R.
Published: May 2021

Spatially-distributed values of glacier aerodynamic roughness (z0) are vital for robust estimates of turbulent energy fluxes and ice and snow melt. Microtopographic data allow rapid estimates of z0 over discrete plot-scale areas, but are sensitive to data scale and resolution. Here, we use an extensive multi-scale dataset from Hintereisferner, Austria, to develop a correction factor to derive z0 values from coarse resolution (up to 30 m) topographic data that are more commonly available over larger areas. Resulting z0 estimates are within an order of magnitude of previously validated, plot-scale estimates and aerodynamic values. The method is developed and tested using plot-scale microtopography data generated by structure from motion photogrammetry combined with glacier-scale data acquired by a permanent in-situ terrestrial laser scanner. Finally, we demonstrate the application of the method to a regional-scale digital elevation model acquired by airborne laser scanning. Our workflow opens up the possibility of including spatio-temporal variations of z0 within glacier surface energy balance models without the need for extensive additional field data collection.
Immiscible CO2 Flooding Efficiency in Low-Permeability Reservoirs: An Experimental Investigation of Residual Oil Distribution
Authors: Yang Ying , Zhou Xiao-Feng , Sun Le-Yin , Wang An-Lun , Wei Jian-guang , Li Chen-Xi , Ke Xiang
Published: May 2021

Residual oil distribution plays a critical role in understanding of the CO2flooding processes, but its quantitative research for reservoirs with different permeability levels rarely has been comprehensively conducted in the laboratory. This article presents the results of an experimental study on the immiscible CO2displacement efficiency in different permeability core samples and various oil distribution patterns prior to and after immiscible CO2flooding. Experiments were conducted on four core samples extracted from the selected oil field with a permeability range from 0.210–66.077 mD. The experimental results show that the immiscible CO2can mobilize oil in ultralow-permeability environment and achieve a reasonable displacement efficiency (40.98%). The contribution of different oil distribution patterns to displacement efficiency varies in reservoirs with different permeabilities. With the increase of core permeability, the contribution of cluster and intergranular pore oil distribution patterns to displacement efficiency increases. However, the oil displacement efficiency of corner and oil film patterns tends to increase with lower permeability. Therefore, immiscible CO2flooding is recommended for ultralow-permeability case, especially for reservoirs with larger amount of oil in corner and oil film distribution patterns. The oil displacement efficiency calculated by immiscible CO2flooding experiment results agrees reasonably well with the core frozen slices observation. The results of this study have practical significance that refers to the effective development of low-permeability reservoirs.
Physical Vapor Deposition of Cathode Materials for All Solid-State Li Ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Uzakbaiuly Berik , Mukanova Aliya , Zhang Yongguang , Bakenov Zhumabay
Published: May 2021

With the development of smart electronics, a wide range of techniques have been considered for efficient co-integration of micro devices and micro energy sources. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) by means of thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, ion-beam deposition, pulsed laser deposition, etc., is among the most promising techniques for such purposes. Layer-by-layer deposition of all solid-state thin-film batteries via PVD has led to many publications in the last two decades. In these batteries, active materials are homogeneous and usually binder free, which makes them more promising in terms of energy density than those prepared by the traditional powder slurry technique. This review provides a summary of the preparation of cathode materials by PVD for all solid-state thin-film batteries. Cathodes based on intercalation and conversion reaction, as well as properties of thin-film electrode–electrolyte interface, are discussed.
Automatic Generation Control for Distributed Multi-Region Interconnected Power System with Function Approximation
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Zhang Le , Xi Lei , Sun Qiuye , Zhu Jizhong
Published: May 2021

Solving the energy crisis and environmental pollution requires large-scale access to distributed energy and the popularization of electric vehicles. However, distributed energy sources and loads are characterized by randomness, intermittence and difficulty in accurate prediction, which bring great challenges to the security, stability and economic operation of power system. Therefore, this paper explores an integrated energy system model that contains a large amount of new energy and combined cooling heating and power (CCHP) from the perspective of automatic generation control (AGC). Then, a gradient Q(σ,λ) [GQ (σ,λ)] algorithm for distributed multi-region interconnected power system is proposed to solve it. The proposed algorithm integrates unified mixed sampling parameter and linear function approximation on the basis of the Q(λ) algorithm with characteristics of interactive collaboration and self-learning. The GQ (σ,λ) algorithm avoids the disadvantages of large action spaces required by traditional reinforcement learning, so as to obtain multi-region optimal cooperative control. Under such control, the energy autonomy of each region can be achieved, and the strong stochastic disturbance caused by the large-scale access of distributed energy to grid can be resolved. In this paper, the improved IEEE two-area load frequency control (LFC) model and the integrated energy system model incorporating a large amount of new energy and CCHP are used for simulation analysis. Results show that compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm has optimal cooperative control performance, fast convergence speed and good robustness, which can solve the strong stochastic disturbance caused by the large-scale grid connection of distributed energy.
Loss of Cultural and Functional Diversity Associated With Birds Across the Urbanization Gradient in a Tropical City
Authors: Valente-Neto Francisco , Roque Fabio de Oliveira , Pauliquevis Carolina Ferreira , Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck de , Provete Diogo B. , Szabo Judit K. , Souza Franco Leandro
Published: May 2021

Birds provide many ecosystem services to people, including provisioning, regulating and cultural services. People attribute multiple cultural values to ecosystems and biodiversity and the diversity of these cultural values can be considered as cultural diversity. While human-nature interactions occur more frequently in cities and urbanization negatively affects different facets of avian biodiversity, little is known about its consequence for cultural diversity. Here, we assess how the urbanization gradient in Campo Grande, a Brazilian city in the Cerrado biodiversity hotspot, affects functional and cultural diversity associated with birds and if functional and cultural diversity are congruent. We also investigate the relation between urbanization gradient with functional traits and cultural values, weighted by species abundance. We used a dataset based on bird surveyed in 61 landscapes along a gradient of impervious surface cover. To estimate functional and cultural diversity, we used indices that estimate richness and divergence of functional traits and cultural values. We found that urbanization affected functional and cultural richness negatively, while there was no effect on functional and cultural divergence. Functional and cultural richness and functional and cultural divergence were weakly, but significantly correlated. Bird species that nest on trees decreased and those that nest in artificial structures and on the ground increased along the impervious surface gradient. Body size, diet, habitat, mating system, flock behavior, and all cultural values (number of times the species was mentioned by football teams, music or poetry, city flags and anthems, and folklore tales) were not significantly affected by impervious surface. The negative relationship between impervious surface and bird cultural richness may indicate that people living in more urbanized areas experience nature less compared to people in less urbanized areas, which can affect their psychological well-being. In these highly urbanized areas, contact with culturally valued birds and cultural services provided by birds may also diminish. The negative relationship between functional richness and urbanization also indicate that highly urbanized areas may be losing important ecosystems services provided by birds.
CH4/CO2 Ratios and Carbon Isotope Enrichment Between Diet and Breath in Herbivorous Mammals
Authors: Cerling Thure E. , Bernasconi Stefano M. , Hofstetter Lino S. , Jaggi Madalina , Wyss Fabia , Rudolf von Rohr Claudia , Clauss Marcus
Published: May 2021

Breath and diet samples were collected from 29 taxa of animals at the Zurich and Basel Zoos to characterize the carbon isotope enrichment between breath and diet. Diet samples were measured for δ13C and breath samples for CH4/CO2 ratios and for the respired component of δ13C using the Keeling plot approach. Different digestive physiologies included coprophagous and non-coprophagous hindgut fermenters, and non-ruminant and ruminant foregut fermenters. Isotope enrichments from diet to breath were 0.8 ± 0.9‰, 3.5 ± 0.8‰, 2.3 ± 0.4‰, and 4.1 ± 1.0‰, respectively. CH4/CO2 ratios were strongly correlated with isotope enrichments for both hindgut and foregut digestive strategies, although CH4 production was not the sole reason for isotope enrichment. Average CH4/CO2 ratios per taxon ranged over several orders of magnitude from 10–5 to 10–1. The isotope enrichment values for diet-breath can be used to further estimate the isotope enrichment from diet-enamel because Passey et al. (2005b) found a nearly constant isotope enrichment for breath-enamel for diverse mammalian taxa. The understanding of isotope enrichment factors from diet to breath and diet to enamel will have important applications in the field of animal physiology, and possibly also for wildlife ecology and paleontology.
Eco-Geography of Feral Cotton: A Missing Piece in the Puzzle of Gene Flow Dynamics Among Members of Gossypium hirsutum Primary Gene Pool
Authors: Alavez Valeria , Cuervo-Robayo Ángela P. , Martínez-Meyer Enrique , Wegier Ana
Published: May 2021

Mexico is the center of origin and genetic diversity of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.), the most important source of natural fiber in the world. Currently, wild and domesticated populations (including genetically modified [GM] varieties) occur in this country and gene flow among them has shaped the species’ genetic diversity and structure, setting a complex and challenging scenario for its conservation. Moreover, recent gene flow from GM cultivars to wild Mexican cotton populations has been reported since 2011.In situconservation ofG. hirsutumrequires knowledge about the extent of its geographic distribution, both wild and domesticated, as well as the possible routes and mechanisms that contribute to gene flow between the members of the species wild-to-domesticated continuum (i.e., the primary gene pool). However, little is known about the distribution of feral populations that could facilitate gene flow by acting as bridges. In this study, we analyzed the potential distribution of feral cotton based on an ecological niche modeling approach and discussed its implications in the light of the distribution of wild and domesticated cotton. Then, we examined the processes that could be leading to the escape of seeds from the cultivated fields. Our results indicate that the climatic suitability of feral plants in the environmental and geographic space is broad and overlaps with areas of wild cotton habitat and crop fields, suggesting a region that could bridge cultivated cotton and its wild relatives by allowing gene flow between them. This study provides information for management efforts focused on the conservation of wild populations, native landraces, and non-GM domesticated cotton at its center of origin and genetic diversity.
Genome Skimming Reveals Widespread Hybridization in a Neotropical Flowering Plant Radiation
Authors: Loiseau Oriane , Mota Machado Talita , Paris Margot , Koubínová Darina , Dexter Kyle G. , Versieux Leonardo M. , Lexer Christian , Salamin Nicolas
Published: May 2021

The tropics hold at least an order of magnitude greater plant diversity than the temperate zone, yet the reasons for this difference are still subject to debate. Much of tropical plant diversity is in highly speciose genera and understanding the drivers of such high species richness will help solve the tropical diversity enigma. Hybridization has recently been shown to underlie many adaptive radiations, but its role in the evolution of speciose tropical plant genera has received little attention. Here, we address this topic in the hyperdiverse Bromeliaceae genus Vriesea using genome skimming data covering the three genomic compartments. We find evidence for hybridization in ca. 11% of the species in our dataset, both within the genus and between Vriesea and other genera, which is commensurate with hybridization underlying the hyperdiversity of Vriesea, and potentially other genera in Tillandsioideae. While additional genomic research will be needed to further clarify the contribution of hybridization to the rapid diversification of Vriesea, our study provides an important first data point suggesting its importance to the evolution of tropical plant diversity.