bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Mesophilic Biomethane Production in Ex Situ Trickling Bed and Bubble Reactors
Authors: Spyridonidis Apostolos , Stamatelatou Katerina
Published: October 2024

Biomethane production via biogas upgrading is regarded as a future renewable gas, further boosting the biogas economy. Moreover, when upgrading is realized by the biogas CO2 conversion to CH4 using surplus renewable energy, the process of upgrading becomes a renewable energy storage method. This conversion can be carried out via microorganisms, and has attracted scientific attention, especially under thermophilic conditions. In this study, mesophilic conditions were imposed using a previously developed enriched culture. The enriched culture consisted of the hydrogenotrophic Methanobrevibacter (97% of the Archaea species and 60% of the overall population). Biogas upgrading took place in three lab-scale bioreactors: (a) a 1.2 L bubble reactor (BR), (b) a 2 L trickling bed reactor (TBR) filled with plastic supporting material (TBR-P), and (c) a 1.2 L TBR filled with sintered glass balls (TBR-S). The gas fed into the reactors was a mixture of synthetic biogas and hydrogen, with the H2 to biogas CO2 ratio being 3.7:1, lower than the stoichiometric ratio (4:1). Therefore, the feeding gas mixture did not make it possible for the CH4 content in the biomethane to be more than 97%. The results showed that the BR produced biomethane with a CH4 content of 91.15 ± 1.01% under a gas retention time (GRT) of 12.7 h, while the TBR-P operation resulted in a CH4 content of 90.92 ± 2.15% under a GRT of 6 h. The TBR-S operated at a lower GRT (4 h), yielding an effluent gas richer in CH4 (93.08 ± 0.39%). Lowering the GRT further deteriorated the efficiency but did not influence the metabolic pathway, since no trace of volatile fatty acids was detected. These findings are essential indicators of the process stability under mesophilic conditions.
Living Along Distribution Margins: Differences in the Body and Biochemistry of Red Squat Lobster Morphotypes (Grimothea monodon) from the Humboldt Current System
Authors: Quispe-Machaca Marco , Zilleruelo Maximiliano , Espinoza Pepe , Torres Gabriela , Urzúa Ángel
Published: October 2024

Grimothea monodon, an important fishery resource in the Humboldt Current marine ecosystem (HCE), present two contrasting morphotypes (PM, pelagic morphotype; BM, benthic morphotype). The fishery management of G. monodon is focused on understanding only fishery aspects that apply to a limited area, and there are currently no studies that evaluate the nutritional status of these morphotypes. This study evaluated the biological performance of PM and BM, analyzing the body (size, CL; weight, W; condition factor, Kn) and biochemical condition (glucose, G; proteins, P; lipids, L; fatty acids, FAs). The results reveal that G. monodon showed differences in CL and W between morphotypes, with higher values in BM than PM. The Kn was different between morphotypes with a tendency of isometric growth. In turn, the G contents were higher in PM than BM, while the contents of P, L, and FAs showed an opposite tendency, with higher contents recorded in BM than PM. Our findings suggest that the Kn should be included to strengthen the biological parameters and their relationships used in fishery management models. Differences in the biochemical condition between morphotypes can be considered potentially adaptive, in response to the combined effect of environmental factors that vary in the HCE.
Recent Advances in Purple Sweet Potato Anthocyanins: Extraction, Isolation, Functional Properties and Applications in Biopolymer-Based Smart Packaging
Authors: Yun Dawei , Wu Yunlei , Yong Huimin , Tang Chao , Chen Dan , Kan Juan , Liu Jun
Published: October 2024

Petroleum-based plastic packaging materials have negative impacts on the environment and food safety. Natural biopolymer-based food packaging materials are the proper substitutes for plastic-based ones, which is because biopolymers are nontoxic, biodegradable and even edible. The incorporation of bioactive and functional substances into a biopolymer-based film matrix can produce novel smart packaging materials. Anthocyanins, one class of natural colorants with potent antioxidant activity and pH-response color-changing ability, are suitable for producing biopolymer-based smart packaging films. The purple sweet potato is a functional food rich in anthocyanins. In the past decade, numerous studies have reported the extraction of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato and the utilization of purple sweet potato anthocyanins (PSPAs) in biopolymer-based smart packaging film production. However, no specific review has summarized the recent advances on biopolymer-based smart packaging films containing PSPAs. Therefore, in this review, we aim to systematically summarize the progress on the extraction, isolation, characterization, purification and functional properties of PSPAs. Moreover, we thoroughly introduce the preparation methods, physical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, pH sensitivity, stability and applications of biopolymer-based smart packaging films containing PSPAs. Factors affecting the extraction and functional properties of PSPAs as well as the properties of biopolymer-based films containing PSPAs are discussed.
Small-Sized Tomato Pomace: Source of Bioactive Compounds and Ingredient for Sustainable Production of Functional Bread
Authors: Brighina Selina , Pulvirenti Luana , Siracusa Laura , Arena Elena , Faulisi Maria Veronica , Restuccia Cristina
Published: October 2024

Tomato processing generates a by-product known as tomato pomace (TP), which contains chemically diverse valuable components such as lycopene, phenols, dietary fibre, proteins, and oil. The aim of this study was to characterize bioactive compounds in small-sized tomato pomace from cherry and date tomatoes and to evaluate the effects of the addition of 10 and 20% (w/w) of tomato pomace flour (TPF) to durum wheat dough for bread production. Bread containing different amounts of TPF was characterized by physical, chemical, nutritional, and sensory characteristics. TPF is an important source of dietary fibre with a total content of approximately 52.3%, of which 5.3% is soluble and 47% is insoluble. It is also a potential source of natural antioxidants and contains remarkable residual levels of both total carotenoids and polyphenols. TPF addition reduced water loss during baking and significantly affected colour parameters and acidity; furthermore, both fortified TPF breads could use these nutrition and health claims and label the breads as “High Fibre”. The “overall” sensory attribute showed similar values in the control and fortified bread samples, suggesting that the overall quality of the bread remained relatively constant, regardless of the percentage of added TPF.
Factors Impacting Plant-Based Meat Product Consumption: A Consumer Survey Conducted in a New First-Tier City in China
Authors: Shen Cong , Wu Xinyao , Zhang Enheng , Liu Ying
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the worldwide plant-based meat sector has undergone substantial and rapid expansion. The swift advancement of plant-based meat products in the Chinese market is ascribed to changes in customer dietary preferences. To accelerate the rapid expansion of China’s plant-based meat sector, it is essential to conduct research on consumer demand trends. Citespace was utilized in this study to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research pertaining to plant-based meat. A study model was then created to analyze the primary elements affecting the consumption behavior of plant-based meat products. This study employs Zhengzhou as a case study to construct a research model to examine consumers’ inclination to purchase plant-based meat products. The model is derived from survey data obtained from 570 consumers. The findings indicate that the characteristics of plant-based meat products significantly influence consumers’ purchase intentions and consumption behaviors by shaping their perceptual activity. Price rationality, technical security, and flavor richness are three principal factors influencing customer purchasing of plant-based meat products. The perceived value and trust of consumers can somewhat mediate the influence of plant-based meat consumption behavior. This study offers significant insights into purchasing intentions and consumer behavior in first-tier cities in China. The outcomes of this study can provide a beneficial framework for imitation meat producers to improve product development and stimulate customer interest in the plant-based meat market.
Circular RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Advances, and Innovations
Authors: Yuan Zheng , Huang Shaoyuan , Jin Xin , Li Shanshan
Published: October 2024

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as promising therapeutic targets due to their unique covalently closed-loop structures and their regulatory roles in gene expression. Despite their potential, challenges in circRNA-based therapies include ensuring stability, tissue specificity, and efficient intracellular delivery. This review explores the implications of circRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), providing an overview of their biogenesis, molecular mechanisms, and roles in disease pathology. In addition to discussing molecular features, this review highlights therapeutic advances, including small-molecule drugs targeting circRNAs, synthetic circRNA sponges, and innovations in drug delivery systems that enhance the effectiveness of these therapies. Finally, current challenges and future directions are addressed, emphasizing the need for continued research to fully unlock the therapeutic potential of circRNA-based strategies in cardiovascular medicine.
The Relationship Between the Elastic Properties and Pain Pressure Threshold in Cesarean Scar Tissue—An Observational Study
Authors: González-Muñoz Ana , Pruimboom Leo , Navarro-Ledesma Santiago
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Cesarean section (C-section) scars can lead to chronic pain due to changes in tissue properties. Combining elastography and algometry can assess these scars comprehensively by identifying areas of increased rigidity and quantifying pain sensitivity. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of using elastography and algometry together to assess cesarean scar tissue, correlating tissue stiffness with pain thresholds for targeted pain management. Methods: Thirty-one non-pregnant women who had undergone a C-section between six months and two years prior participated. Elastography measured tissue stiffness, while algometry provided quantitative measures of pain sensitivity on and around the scar. The correlation between tissue stiffness and pain thresholds was analyzed. Results: Elastography identified areas of increased rigidity within the scar tissue, which corresponded with lower pain thresholds measured by algometry, indicating higher pain sensitivity. A significant correlation was found between increased tissue stiffness and reduced pain thresholds (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Combining elastography and algometry offers a powerful diagnostic tool for evaluating C-section scars. This approach identifies areas that may benefit from targeted pain management interventions, enhancing understanding and treatment of pain associated with cesarean scars. Incorporating these techniques into clinical practice could improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Exploring the Life Experiences of Living with Cardiac Arrhythmia Developed During Pregnancy
Authors: Metersky Kateryna , Chandrasekaran Kaveenaa , El-hajj Yoland , Fredericks Suzanne , Sonar Priyanka Vijay
Published: October 2024

Background: Approximately half of all women develop palpitations during pregnancy, with a quarter experiencing arrhythmias. While most presentations are benign, some cases can result in sudden cardiac death or serious symptom development. Considering such clinical presentation, healthcare providers must acquire knowledge in this area to provide comprehensive prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal care. However, no study could be located that focused on women’s life experiences of such complications during or in the post-pregnancy period. Objectives: The study aims to share the results of a study that explored the life experience of one woman who developed non-sustained ventricular tachycardia during her third pregnancy that lasted into the postpartum period. Methods: Using narrative inquiry self-study methodology, a woman’s experiences were explored to uncover the challenges she faced in coping with such complications during a period of transition for herself and her family. This methodology allowed for an in-depth understanding of how these complications could affect all aspects of her life. Results: Four narrative threads were produced: (1) diagnostic challenges and delayed recognition; (2) impact on maternal identity and family dynamics; (3) navigating healthcare systems and treatment decisions; and (4) long-term adaptation and resilience. Conclusions: The intention was to add to this topic area to ensure future researchers, current and future healthcare providers, and patients have literature they can refer to when studying, providing care for, or experiencing similar health complications. Acquiring this knowledge can aid healthcare professionals to ensure appropriate care is provided, risks are minimized, and their recovery is well supported.
Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals the Regulatory Network Governing Aroma Formation in Grape
Authors: Huang Liping , Zhu Yue , Wang Min , Xun Zhili , Ma Xiaohe , Zhao Qifeng
Published: October 2024

The aroma metabolites in grape berries have received attention in recent years, but a global analysis of gene-regulated metabolites is still lacking. In this study, three grape cultivars, “Kyoho”, “Adenauer Rose”, and “Mei Xiangbao”, were used to determine the differential accumulation of metabolites and identify candidate genes related to grape berry aroma. A total of 27,228 genes were detected from the transcriptome, and 128 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified. Terpenoids and ester were the major substances in these three cultivars. KEGG enrichment showed that 12, 8, and 5 compounds were significantly enriched during the maturation process of these three grape cultivars, with most being terpenoids. A combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis found that the associated genes and metabolites were enriched in the following pathways: “Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism”, “Cysteine and methionine metabolism”, “Tyrosine metabolism”, “Phenylalanine metabolism”, and “Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis”. Seven structural genes (VvOMR1, VvGLYK, VvLPD2, VvAK2, VvSHM7, VvASP3, and VvASP1) and four transcription factors (VvERF053, VvERF4, VvMYB46, and VvMYB340) related to grape berry aroma accumulation were discovered. Our findings provide new insights into grape aroma formation and regulatory mechanism research, and the results will be beneficial for grape aroma breeding in the future.
Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Key Bitter Substances of Pleioblastus amarus Shoots at Different Developmental Stages
Authors: Gong Limei , Shi Weijin , Mou Chunyan , Zhou Shixing , Xiao Lin , Hu Hongling , Tu Lihua , Hou Guirong , Ding Wei , Huang Congde , Chen Gang
Published: October 2024

Pleioblastus amarus (bitter bamboo) shoots are a traditional forest vegetable in China, renowned for its nutritional composition and associated health benefits. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in nutritional quality and bitterness-related metabolites, as well as corresponding gene expression in P. amarus shoots at three distinct growth stages, specifically at heights of 10 cm (BT1), 20 cm (BT2), and 40 cm (BT3). The results showed that the content of soluble sugars decreased while the content of total phenols and flavonoids, which contribute to bitterness, increased during the growth of P. amarus shoots. In addition, comparative analysis of BT2 vs. BT1, BT3 vs. BT1, and BT3 vs. BT2 revealed 14, 43, and 36, respectively, differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Notably, BT2 exhibited upregulation of flavonoids, such as apigenin, while bitter amino acids, including phenylalanine and arginine, showed a marked increase in BT3. Moreover, differential gene expression analysis revealed 3161, 13268, and 3742 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the BT2 vs. BT1, BT3 vs. BT1, and BT3 vs. BT2 comparisons, respectively. An integrated analysis of metabolomic and transcriptomic data indicated that the metabolites and genes associated with the biosynthesis pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, arginine, and the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine, and isoleucine were significantly enriched during the growth of P. amarus shoots. The study indicates that early-stage (≤20 cm) P. amarus shoots are mainly bitter due to flavonoids like apigenin, while the bitterness in later-stage (around 40 cm) shoots is largely due to bitter amino acids such as phenylalanine, arginine, valine, and isoleucine. This research highlights key compounds and genes related to bitterness, providing a basis for future research on enhancing the nutritional value and flavor of P. amarus shoots.
The Lived Experiences of Students with Bullying in King Khalid University: A Qualitative Approach Study
Authors: Zahrani Yousef
Published: October 2024

Psychological health and physiological health are crucial issues for educational institutes. However, bullying in universities remains a significant social issue that requires a deep understanding from the bully’s perspective. This qualitative study investigated students with lived experiences of bullying in two medical colleges at King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Nine male students participated in this study through semi-structured group discussions using open-ended questions. The discussions were transcribed, and the data were thematically analyzed. Four themes were identified: (i) the prevalence of bullying, (ii) bullying experiences, (iii) the institutional policy of bullying, and (iv) factors contributing to bullying. Findings showed that students lacked knowledge of their colleges’ anti-bullying policies, and verbal bullying was the prevalent form of bullying in interactions among students and between students and lecturers. In addition, cyberbullying was extended to digital platforms, as indicated by a number of participants. The participants also highlighted the significance of anti-bullying policies, believing that better awareness would empower students to address bullying more effectively. Recommendations were made for universities to implement anti-bullying policies and ensure their visibility to assist students in dealing with bullying situations.
Midwife-Led Mobile Antenatal Clinic: An Innovative Approach to Improve Utilization of Services in Pwani, Tanzania
Authors: Mwilike Beatrice E. , Welsh Joanne , Nyamuryekung’e Kasusu K. , Nyaruchary Alex J. , Pembe Andrea B. , Gross Mechthild M.
Published: October 2024

Participating in antenatal clinics is a major determinant in reducing poor maternal and neonatal birth outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the utilization of antenatal clinic (ANC) services provided by a mobile clinic led by skilled midwives and determine the acceptability in the Pwani region, Tanzania. For a year, the mobile clinic, nicknamed “Mkunga Kitaani” and equipped with necessary tools and staff, served seven villages in the Kisarawe district that lacked health facilities. The research was conducted using a descriptive study design, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through 12 interviews and 214 medical records among pregnant women, respectively. The results show that approximately 17% of the women initiated ANC early, while 36% made their visit during their third trimester. Participants generally preferred the mobile clinic over traditional facilities due to its provision of comprehensive care. However, challenges such as clinic unreliability during the rainy season and limited availability of tests, including obstetric ultrasounds, were noted. Despite hurdles, the study highlighted increased ANC access and community engagement, suggesting potential for expansion to other underserved rural areas. The findings underscore the importance of innovative approaches to ANC delivery in regions with limited healthcare infrastructure.
A Systematic Review of the Impact of Changes to Urban Green Spaces on Health and Education Outcomes, and a Critique of Their Applicability to Inform Economic Evaluation
Authors: Raza Wajeeha , Bojke Laura , Coventry Peter A. , Murphy Peter James , Fulbright Helen , White Piran C. L.
Published: October 2024

Several reviews have consolidated the evidence on the impact of living near an urban green space on improving health and education outcomes and reducing mortality. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of specific improvements to these urban green spaces, which would help decision-makers make informed decisions on how to invest in urban green spaces. Therefore, this review synthesizes the impact of more specific changes to, or investments in, urban green spaces on health and education outcomes, synthesizes the cost-effectiveness of these interventions, and critiques the applicability of the evidence for an economic evaluation. We find that interventions targeted towards improving play areas or fitness equipment tended to have mostly positive impacts on physical activity, while interventions on improving walking path, or the overall greenery showed a more mixed impact on physical activity. There were only two studies on the impact of changes to urban green spaces on mental health, with only one finding a positive association of the intervention with depression, and there were no studies measuring the impact of changes to urban green spaces and educational outcomes. From a cost-effectiveness perspective, we find that typically very small improvements are required to make the interventions a cost-effective policy choice; however, we found several limitations with using the existing evidence to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the intervention. Overall, we found that most of the evidence does suggest that improvements to urban green spaces can lead to improvements in physical activity, but further research is needed on the impact on mental health and educational outcomes. Furthermore, additional evidence with longer time horizons, multi-sectoral benefits, distributional outcomes, and more consistent outcome measures would assist in informing cost-effectiveness and may ultimately lead to improved decision-making around investments for urban green spaces in specific contexts.
Workplace Structures and Culture That Support the Wellbeing of People with an Intellectual Disability
Authors: Joyce Andrew , Campbell Perri , Crosbie Jenny , Wilson Erin
Published: October 2024

There is little research on health-promoting workplace settings focused on people with an intellectual disability. There are a range of supported and open employment workplaces where people with an intellectual disability work, and this is an important setting that can influence health and wellbeing outcomes. The health promotion research that has been conducted with people with an intellectual disability has been programmatic in focus and lacks a broader settings and ecological perspective. This paper reports on analysis conducted across four organisations that employ people with an intellectual disability and included 47 in-depth interviews conducted with staff and supported employees. The aim was to examine the organisational characteristics, structures, and cultural elements that contribute to positive wellbeing. The key elements were offering a diversity of roles and opportunities, customised training and task matching, a flexible approach to work rosters, offering a range of workplace environments (e.g., busy versus calm environments), and providing holistic and tailored support. The results illustrate that providing positive wellbeing outcomes in the workplace for this cohort cannot be considered from a program perspective but as a whole of organisation design and culture. With the current movement towards more opportunity in open employment, it will be important that these features are replicated in all workplaces where people with an intellectual disability are employed. Further research and policy work is required for this ambition to be realised.
Health Literacy in Africa—A Scoping Review of Scientific Publications
Authors: Sørensen Kristine , Knoll Verena , Ramos Neida , Boateng Millicent , Alemayehu Guda , Schamberger Laura , Harsch Stefanie
Published: October 2024

Africa’s health landscape is rapidly changing, requiring new solutions such as a focus on health literacy. However, there is currently a limited overview of the development and application of health literacy in African countries and societies. This scoping review aims to analyze scientific publications on health literacy in Africa with regards to research approaches, historical developments, geographic origins, target populations and settings, and topical interests. The research followed Arksey and O’Malley six steps of scoping reviews and employed the Joanna Briggs Institute’s PCC method for search string formulation and the PRISMA-SCR checklist for reporting. On 11 July 2022, the following six databases were searched for scientific articles including included reports, policy briefs, book chapters, and research publications: PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, ERIC, African Journals Online, and African Index Medicus. A total of 336 articles were identified. The research team co-developed a codebook and three researchers independently extracted data. The analysis provided the most comprehensive overview of the current scope and scale of health literacy in Africa to date. The publications represented 37 of the 54 African Union countries and dated back to 2001, although most were published in the last decade. The content analysis identified 13 broad themes, including mental health, communicable diseases, non-communicable diseases, maternal health, digital health, information and communication, health care, prevention and health promotion, conceptual perspectives, cultural perspectives, and outcomes and measurement. The analysis of target groups revealed a wide range of actors involved in different settings, mostly in health care or community settings. These comprehensive and novel findings can be used to prioritize future actions for public and professional capacity building, policy development, and improved practice to improve health literacy for all in Africa.
Overcoming Financial Constraints on Firm Innovation: The Role of R&D Human Capital
Authors: Lee Sung-Tae , Jung Sun-Moon
Published: October 2024

This paper examines how R&D human capital can mitigate the negative effects of financing constraints on firm innovation, using survey data from 4000 South Korean manufacturing firms. The results confirm that financing constraints are generally associated with lower levels of product innovation. However, firms with stronger R&D human capital—measured by higher education levels and a larger proportion of R&D employees—are better able to overcome these financial barriers. Moreover, the positive moderating effect of R&D human capital is significantly enhanced in firms with an entrepreneurial culture, which supports risk-taking and innovation. These findings underscore the importance of investing in intangible assets, such as human capital and fostering a culture of entrepreneurship to sustain innovation during periods of financial distress. Policymakers should consider expanding financial support for R&D activities, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that face higher costs of capital. This study contributes to the literature by using direct measures of financial constraints and highlighting the role of human capital in innovation, especially in financially constrained environments.
A Novel Methylene Blue Indicator-Based Aptasensor for Rapid Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Maghsoomi Somayeh , Walochnik Julia , Brandl Martin , Pham Mai-Lan
Published: October 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant opportunistic pathogen highly prevalent in the environment, requiring early detection methods to prevent infections in vulnerable individuals. The most specific aptamer for P. aeruginosa, F23, has been used for the development of various assays and sensors for early diagnosis and monitoring. In this study, a novel F23-based electrochemical aptasensor was designed using disposal gold screen-printed electrodes (Au-SPEs) with high reproducibility. Methylene blue (MB) was used as an exogenous indicator, which significantly amplified the electrochemical signal and improved the sensitivity of detection. The aptasensor explored a limit of detection (LOD) of 8 CFU·mL−1 and high selectivity for P. aeruginosa over other interfering bacteria. Furthermore, it showed potential to detect P. aeruginosa in tap water samples, offering a point-of-care tool for rapidly controlling the growth of this bacterium in various applications.
Antimicrobial Peptide with a Bent Helix Motif Identified in Parasitic Flatworm Mesocestoides corti
Authors: Rončević Tomislav , Gerdol Marco , Pacor Sabrina , Cvitanović Ana , Begić Anamarija , Weber Ivana , Krce Lucija , Caporale Andrea , Mardirossian Mario , Tossi Alessandro , Zoranić Larisa
Published: October 2024

The urgent need for antibiotic alternatives has driven the search for antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from many different sources, yet parasite-derived AMPs remain underexplored. In this study, three novel potential AMP precursors (mesco-1, -2 and -3) were identified in the parasitic flatworm Mesocestoides corti, via a genome-wide mining approach, and the most promising one, mesco-2, was synthesized and comprehensively characterized. It showed potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity at submicromolar range against E. coli and K. pneumoniae and low micromolar activity against A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Mechanistic studies indicated a membrane-related mechanism of action, and circular dichroism spectroscopy confirmed that mesco-2 is unstructured in water but forms stable helical structures on contact with anionic model membranes, indicating strong interactions and helix stacking. It is, however, unaffected by neutral membranes, suggesting selective antimicrobial activity. Structure prediction combined with molecular dynamics simulations suggested that mesco-2 adopts an unusual bent helix conformation with the N-terminal sequence, when bound to anionic membranes, driven by a central GRGIGRG motif. This study highlights mesco-2 as a promising antibacterial agent and emphasizes the importance of structural motifs in modulating AMP function.
The Influence of an Anti-Inflammatory Gluten-Free Diet with EPA and DHA on the Involvement of Maresin and Resolvins in Hashimoto’s Disease
Authors: Szczuko Małgorzata , Kacprzak Julia , Przybylska Aleksandra , Szczuko Urszula , Pobłocki Jakub , Syrenicz Anhelli , Drozd Arleta
Published: October 2024

The potential modulation of thyroid inflammatory conditions via a gluten-free diet has been suggested after establishing a link between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) and celiac disease. However, the majority of targeted studies in this field do not support the general recommendation of prescribing a gluten-free diet (GFD) for all HT patients. This study aims to analyze data regarding the impact of a GFD supplemented with eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), along with vegetables, on the course of inflammation involving long-chain fatty acid mediators. The study cohort consisted of 39 Caucasian female patients with autoimmune HT. Metabolite separations were performed using a liquid chromatograph with a DAD detector. Absorption peaks were read at 210 nm for resolvin E1, protectin DX, and maresin 1 and at 302 nm for resolvin D1. The introduction of a gluten-free diet completed with omega-3, including EPA and DHA, may contribute to a reduction in the inflammatory state in HT patients. This effect is supported by the elevation in the levels of anti-inflammatory mediators derived from long-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties but not by eliminating gluten. Significant statistical changes in the levels of all derivatives were observed before and after the implementation of the diet. It is worth noting that this effect was not observed in anti-TPO and anti-TG levels. The induction of anti-inflammatory changes can be achieved by supplementing the diet with EPA, DHA and vegetables with increased anti-inflammatory potential.
Ischemic Rescue Potential of Conditioned Medium Derived from Skeletal Muscle Cells-Seeded Electrospun Fiber-Coated Human Amniotic Membrane Scaffolds
Authors: Hasmad Hanis Nazihah , Nordin Abid , Chowdhury Shiplu Roy , Sulaiman Nadiah , Lokanathan Yogeswaran
Published: October 2024

Revascularization procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are crucial to restore blood flow to the heart and are used in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). However, these techniques are known to cause myocardial reperfusion injury in the ischemic heart. The present study aims to mimic ischemia–reperfusion injury in vitro on primary human cardiomyocytes (HCMs) and use the established injury model to study the rescue mechanism of skeletal muscle cell (SkM)-seeded electrospun fiber-coated human amniotic membrane scaffold (EF–HAM) on injured cardiomyocytes through paracrine secretion. An in vitro ischemia–reperfusion injury model was established by exposing the HCM to 5 h of hypoxia, followed by a 6 h reoxygenation period. Six different conditioned media (CM) including three derived from SkM-seeded EF–HAMs were introduced to the injured cells to investigate the cardioprotective effect of the CM. Cell survival analysis, caspase-3 and XIAP expression profiling, mitochondrial membrane potential analysis, and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were conducted to evaluate the outcomes of the study. The results revealed a significant increase in the viability of HCM exposed to H/R injury by 77.2% (p < 0.01), 111.8% (p < 0.001), 68.7% (p < 0.05), and 69.5% (p < 0.05) when supplemented with HAM CM, EF–HAM 3 min CM, EF–HAM 5 min CM, and EF–HAM 7 min CM, respectively. Furthermore, CM derived from SkM-seeded EF–HAM scaffolds positively impacted hypoxia-/reoxygenation-induced changes in caspase-3 expression, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species generation, but not in XIAP expression. These findings suggest that EF–HAM composite scaffolds can exert antiapoptotic and cardioregenerative effects on primary human cardiomyocytes through the paracrine mechanism.
Association of Genetic Variants at the CDKN1B and CCND2 Loci Encoding p27Kip1 and Cyclin D2 Cell Cycle Regulators with Susceptibility and Clinical Course of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Ciszak Lidia , Kosmaczewska Agata , Pawlak Edyta , Frydecka Irena , Szteblich Aleksandra , Wołowiec Dariusz
Published: October 2024

Beyond the essential role of p27Kip1 and cyclin D2 in cell cycle progression, they are also shown to confer an anti-apoptotic function in peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes. Although the aberrant longevity and expression of p27Kip1 and cyclin D2 in leukemic cells is well documented, the exact mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon have yet to be elucidated. This study was undertaken to determine the associations between polymorphisms in the CDKN1B and CCND2 genes (encoding p27Kip1 and cyclin D2, respectively) and susceptibility to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), as well as their influence on the expression of both cell cycle regulators in PB leukemic B cells and non-malignant T cells from untreated CLL patients divided according to the genetic determinants studied. Three CDKN1B single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs36228499, rs34330, and rs2066827, and three CCND2 SNPs, rs3217933, rs3217901, and rs3217810, were genotyped using a real-time PCR system. The expression of p27Kip1 and cyclin D2 proteins in both leukemic B cells and non-malignant T cells was determined using flow cytometry. We found that the rs36228499A and rs34330T alleles in CDKN1B and the rs3217810T allele in the CCND2 gene were more frequent in patients and were associated with increased CLL risk. Moreover, we observed that patients possessing the CCND2rs3217901G allele had lower susceptibility to CLL (most pronounced in the AG genotype). We also noticed that the presence of the CDKN1Brs36228499CC, CDKN1Brs34330CC, CDKN1Brs2066827TT, and CCND2rs3217901AG genotypes shortened the time to CLL progression. Statistically significant functional relationships were limited to T cells and assigned to CDKN1B polymorphic variants; carriers of the polymorphisms rs34330CC and rs36228499CC (determining the aggressive course of CLL) expressed a decrease in p27Kip1 and cyclin D2 levels, respectively. We indicate for the first time that genetic variants at the CDKN1B and CCND2 loci may be considered as a potentially low-penetrating risk factor for CLL and determining the clinical outcome.
Kinin Receptors B1 and B2 Mediate Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion by Activating the FAK-Src Axis
Authors: González-Turén Felipe , Lobos-González Lorena , Riquelme-Herrera Alexander , Ibacache Andrés , Meza Ulloa Luis , Droguett Alexandra , Alveal Camila , Carrillo Bastián , Gutiérrez Javiera , Ehrenfeld Pamela , Cárdenas-Oyarzo Areli
Published: October 2024

Kinin receptors B1 and B2 are involved in migration and invasion in gastric, glioma, and cervical cancer cells, among others. However, the role of kinin receptors in breast cancer cells has been poorly studied. We aimed to reveal the impact of B1 and B2 receptors on migration and invasion in breast cancer cells and demonstrate their capacity to modulate in vivo tumor growth. MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and T47D cells treated with Lys-des[Arg9]bradykinin (LDBK) or bradykinin (BK) were used to evaluate migration and invasion. Des-[Arg9]-Leu8-BK and HOE-140 were used as antagonists for the B1 and B2 receptors. MDA-MB-231 cells incubated or not with antagonists were subcutaneously inoculated in BALBc NOD/SCID mice to evaluate tumor growth. LDBK and BK treatment significantly increased migration and invasion in breast cancer cells, effects that were negated when antagonists were used. The use of antagonists in vivo inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, the migration and invasion induced by kinins in breast cancer cells were inhibited when focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src inhibitors were used. The novelty revealed in our work is that B1 and B2 receptors activated by LDBK and BK induce migration and invasion in breast cancer cells via a mechanism that involves the FAK–Src signaling pathway, and the antagonism of both receptors in vivo impairs breast tumor growth.
Association of 25(OH)-Vitamin D3 Serum Concentrations and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variants with the Risk of Idiopathic Spontaneous Preterm Birth in the Croatian Population
Authors: Gašparović Krpina Milena , Dević Pavlić Sanja , Mladenić Tea , Aralica Merica , Barišić Anita , Brnčić-Fischer Alemka , Ostojić Saša , Pereza Nina
Published: October 2024

Preterm birth (PTB) forms a heterogeneous group with possible genetic predisposition. 25(OH)-vitamin D3 plays a significant role during implantation, placentation, and the maintenance of normal pregnancy. The aim of our research was to examine whether FokI, Cdx2, and ApaI VDR gene variants, as well as serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy25(OH)-vitamin D3 in women and their newborns, might be predisposing factors for idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth. The patient group consisted of 44 pairs of women with ISPTB and their children, and the control group consisted of 44 pairs of women who delivered at term and their children. At the time of delivery, peripheral blood was collected from every woman, and after newborn delivery, umbilical cord blood was collected. For genotyping of the rs2228570 C/T, rs11568820 G/A, and rs7975232 T/G SNPs, a combination of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)-vitamin D3 were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). There were no statistically significant differences in the frequencies of VDR genotypes and alleles between women with ISPTB and control women. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of VDR Cdx-2 (rs11568820) genotypes between preterm-born children and controls, with the GG genotype and G allele being more prevalent among patients than controls (p < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in mean values between women with ISPTB and control women, nor between preterm and full-term newborns, although the 25(OH)-vitamin D3 concentrations in preterm-born children were lower than in controls. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation in 25(OH)-vitamin D3 concentrations between mothers and children both in the patient and in the control groups (b = 0.771, p < 0.001). The results of our study demonstrate a notable association between the VDR Cdx2 gene polymorphism and idiopathic spontaneous preterm birth (ISPTB) in a Caucasian population, but because of the small number of participants, further research is needed.
Comparative Study of Lycopene-Loaded Niosomes Prepared by Microfluidic and Thin-Film Hydration Techniques for UVB Protection and Anti-Hyperpigmentation Activity
Authors: Kanpipit Nattawadee , Mattariganont Sakornchon , Janphuang Pattanaphong , Rongsak Jureewan , Daduang Sakda , Chulikhit Yaowared , Thapphasaraphong Suthasinee
Published: October 2024

Niosomes are employed for their improved physical properties and stability and as a controlled delivery system. However, their large-scale production and different preparation methods affect their physical properties. The microfluidic method represents a novel approach to the preparation of niosomes that enables precise control and decreases the preparation time and steps compared to alternative methods. The UVB protection and anti-hyperpigmentation activities of lycopene-loaded niosomes prepared by microfluidic (MF) and novel conventional thin-film hydration (THF) methods were compared. Extract powders from tomatoes (T), carrots (C), and mixed red vegetables (MR) were utilized to prepare lycopene-rich extract-entrapped niosomes. The resulting niosome formulations were characterized by particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, FT-IR spectra, entrapment efficiency, lycopene-release profile, permeation, and stability. The lycopene extract–niosome formulations were evaluated for their potential to provide UVB protection to human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and for their anti-melanogenesis effects on B16F10 melanoma cells. The results indicated that niosomes prepared by the MF method exhibited high uniformity and homogeneity (reflected by a low PDI value) and maintained smaller sizes when processed through a chip utilizing a hydrodynamic flow-focusing (HFF) platform compared to THF niosomes. The release kinetics of all lycopene–niosome formulations followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The FT-IR spectra indicated that lycopene was incorporated into the niosome bilaminar membrane. Moreover, niosomes obtained from MF demonstrated enhanced stability during heating–cooling cycles, along with high UVB protection and anti-melanogenesis effects. Therefore, these developed niosome preparation methods could be effectively applied to topical products.
Tetradecyl 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoate Improves Cognitive Function in AD Mice by Modulating Autophagy and Inflammation Through IPA and Hsc70 Targeting
Authors: Fasina Opeyemi B. , Li Lanjie , Chen Danni , Yi Meijuan , Xiang Lan , Qi Jianhua
Published: October 2024

Drug development for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment is challenging due to its complex pathogenesis. Tetradecyl 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (ABG-001), a leading compound identified in our prior research, has shown promising NGF-mimicking activity and anti-aging properties. In the present study, both high-fat diet (HFD)-induced AD mice and naturally aging AD mice were used to evaluate anti-AD effects. Meanwhile, RNA-sequences, Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), drug affinity-responsive target stability (DARTS) assay, construction of expression plasmid and protein purification, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis were used to identify the target protein of ABG-001 and clarify the mechanism of action for this molecule. ABG-001 effectively mitigates the memory dysfunction in both HFD-induced AD mice and naturally aging AD mice. The therapeutic effect of ABG-001 is attributed to its ability to promote neurogenesis, activate chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), and reduce neuronal inflammation. Additionally, ABG-001 positively influenced the gut microbiota, enhancing the production of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), which is capable of crossing the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and contributes to neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, our research revealed that IPA, linked to the anti-AD properties of ABG-001, targets the heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein (Hsc70) and regulates the Hsc70/PKM2/HK2/LC3 and FOXO3a/SIRT1 signaling pathways. ABG-001 improves the memory dysfunction of AD mice by modulating autophagy and inflammation through IPA and Hsc70 targeting. These findings offer a novel approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the modification of the gut microbiota and metabolites coupled with anti-aging strategies.
Identifying Calmodulin and Calmodulin-like Protein Members in Canavalia rosea and Exploring Their Potential Roles in Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Authors: Ding Qianqian , Huang Zengwang , Wang Zhengfeng , Jian Shuguang , Zhang Mei
Published: October 2024

Calmodulins (CaMs) and calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) belong to families of calcium-sensors that act as calcium ion (Ca2+) signal-decoding proteins and regulate downstream target proteins. As a tropical halophyte, Canavalia rosea shows great resistance to multiple abiotic stresses, including high salinity/alkalinity, extreme drought, heat, and intense sunlight. However, investigations of calcium ion signal transduction involved in the stress responses of C. rosea are limited. The CaM and CML gene families have been identified and characterized in many other plant species. Nevertheless, there is limited available information about these genes in C. rosea. In this study, a bioinformatic analysis, including the gene structures, conserved protein domains, phylogenetic relationships, chromosome distribution, and gene synteny, was comprehensively performed to identify and characterize CrCaMs and CrCMLs. A spatio-temporal expression assay in different organs and environmental conditions was then conducted using the RNA sequencing technique. Additionally, several CrCaM and CrCML members were then cloned and functionally characterized using the yeast heterogeneous expression system, and some of them were found to change the tolerance of yeast to heat, salt, alkalinity, and high osmotic stresses. The results of this study provide a foundation for understanding the possible roles of the CrCaM and CrCML genes, especially for halophyte C. rosea’s natural ecological adaptability for its native habitats. This study also provides a theoretical basis for further study of the physiological and biochemical functions of plant CaMs and CMLs that are involved in tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses.