bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of theStandingTallprogramme to prevent falls in older people: a process evaluation protocol
Authors: Taylor Morag E , Todd Chris , O"Rourke Sandra , Clemson Lindy M , Close Jacqueline CT , Lord Stephen R , Lung Thomas , Berlowitz David J , Blennerhassett Jannette , Chow Jessica , Dayhew Julia , Hawley-Hague Helen , Hodge Wendy , Howard Kirsten , Johnson Pamela , Lasrado Reena , McInerney Garth , Merlene Marita , Miles Lillian , Said Catherine M , White Leanne , Wilson Nicola , Zask Avigdor , Delbaere Kim
Published: July 2021

Introduction

One in three people aged 65 years and over fall each year. The health, economic and personal impact of falls will grow substantially in the coming years due to population ageing. Developing and implementing cost-effective strategies to prevent falls and mobility problems among older people is therefore an urgent public health challenge.StandingTallis a low-cost, unsupervised, home-based balance exercise programme delivered through a computer or tablet.StandingTallhas a simple user-interface that incorporates physical and behavioural elements designed to promote compliance. A large randomised controlled trial in 503 community-dwelling older people has shown thatStandingTallis safe, has high adherence rates and is effective in improving balance and reducing falls. The current project targets a major need for older people and will address the final steps needed to scale this innovative technology for widespread use by older people across Australia and internationally.

Methods and analysis

This project will endeavour to recruit 300 participants across three sites in Australia and 100 participants in the UK. The aim of the study is to evaluate the implementation ofStandingTallinto the community and health service settings in Australia and the UK. The nested process evaluation will use both quantitative and qualitative methods to explore uptake and acceptability of theStandingTallprogramme and associated resources. The primary outcome is participant adherence to theStandingTallprogramme over 6 months.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been obtained from the South East Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC reference 18/288) in Australia and the North West- Greater Manchester South Research Ethics Committee (IRAS ID: 268954) in the UK. Dissemination will be via publications, conferences, newsletter articles, social media, talks to clinicians and consumers and meetings with health departments/managers.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12619001329156.
Neurophysiological changes of brain and spinal cord in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Liang Jing Nong , Budge Savanna , Madriaga Austin , Meske Kara , Nguyenton Derrick , Ho Kai-Yu
Published: July 2021

Introduction

Reduced neuromuscular control due to altered neurophysiological functions of the central nervous system has been suggested to cause movement deficits in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, the underlying neurophysiological measures of brain and spinal cord in this population remain to be poorly understood. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for altered cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP.

Methods and analysis

The protocol for conducting the review was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will systematically search the literature that examines cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP, aged 18–45 years. The studies for cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal, case–control and randomised control trial designs will be included from the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Web of Science. Only studies published in English prior to 1 February 2021 will be included. The risk of bias and quality assessment will be performed using National Institutes of Health’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We will conduct meta-analysis of the data where appropriate. Narrative synthesis will be taken if a meta-analysis is not possible.

Ethics and dissemination

This is a systematic review from the existing literature and does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the field of rehabilitation medicine, sports/orthopaedic medicine or neurology, regardless of the outcome.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020212128.
The variations of endophilin A2-FoxO3a-autophagy signal in angiotensin II–induced dopaminergic neuron injury mouse model and by biochanin A
Authors: Yu Yi-Gui , Han Jun-Hui , Xue Hai-Xia , Li Wei-Zu , Wu Wen-Ning , Yin Yan-Yan
Published: July 2021

Biochanin A (Bioch A) is a natural plant estrogen, with various biological activities such as anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidation, and suppression of inflammation. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Bioch A on angiotensin II (AngII) – induced dopaminergic (DA) neuron damage in vivo and on molecular mechanisms. Spontaneous activity and motor ability of mice among groups was detected by open-field test and swim-test. The expression of TH, microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3B II (LC3BII)/LC3BI, beclin-1, P62, forkhead box class O3 (FoxO3), phosphorylated (p) FoxO3a/FoxO3a, FoxO3, and endophilin A2 were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence staining. Our results showed that AngII treatment significantly increased the behavioral dysfunction of mice and DA neuron damage. Meanwhile, AngII treatment increased the expression of LC3BII/LC3BI, beclin-1, P62, and FoxO3a and decreased the expression of endophilin A2 and p-FoxO3a/FoxO3a, however, Bioch A treatment alleviate these changes. In summary, these results suggest that Bioch A exerts protective effects on AngII-induced mouse model may be related to regulating endophilin A2, FoxO3a, and autophagy-related proteins; however, the specific mechanism is not yet clear and needs further study.
Transition to chip serration in simulated cutting of metallic glasses
Authors: Avila Karina E. , Vardanyan Vardan Hoviki , Urbassek Herbert M.
Published: July 2021

Cutting of metallic glasses produces as a rule serrated and segmented chips in experiments, while atomistic simulations produce straight unserrated chips. We demonstrate here that with increasing depth of cut – with all other parameters unchanged – chip serration starts to affect the morphology of the chip also in molecular dynamics simulations. The underlying reason is the shear localization in shear bands. As the distance between shear bands increases with increasing depth of cut, the surface morphology of the chip becomes increasingly segmented. The parallel shear bands that formed during cutting do no longer interact with each other when their separation is $$\gtrsim $$
≳
10 nm. Our results are analogous to the so-called fold instability that has been found when machining nanocrystalline metals.

Graphic abstract
Solitons for the Schrödinger flows on Hermitian symmetric spaces
Authors: Liu Hsiao-Fan , Terng Chuu-Lian , Wu Zhiwei
Published: July 2021

We use loop group factorizations to construct Darboux transformations, Permutability formulas, Scaling Transformations, and explicit soliton solutions of the [Formula: see text]-d Schrödinger flows on compact Hermitian symmetric spaces.
dSubSign: Classification of Instance-Feature Data Using Discriminative Subgraphs as Class Signatures
Authors: Paranjape Parnika N. , Dhabu Meera M. , Deshpande Parag S.
Published: July 2021

Applications like customer identification from their peculiar purchase patterns require class-wise discriminative feature subsets called as class signatures for classification. If the classifiers like KNN, SVM, etc. which require to work with a complete feature set, are applied to such applications, then the entire feature set may introduce errors in the classification. Decision tree classifier generates class-wise prominent feature subsets and hence, can be employed for such applications. However, all of these classifiers fail to model the relationship between features present in vector data. Thus, we propose to model the features and their interrelationships as graphs. Graphs occur naturally in protein molecules, chemical compounds, etc. for which several graph classifiers exist. However, multivariate data do not exhibit the graphs naturally. Thus, the proposed work focuses on (1) modeling multivariate data as graphs and (2) obtaining class-wise prominent subgraph signatures which are then used to train classifiers like SVM for decision making. The proposed method dSubSign can also classify multivariate data with missing values without performing imputation or case deletion. The performance analysis of both real-world and synthetic datasets shows that the accuracy of dSubSign is either higher or comparable to other existing methods.
Scaling up chatbots for corporate service delivery systems
Authors: Barros Alistair , Sindhgatta Renuka , Nili Alireza
Published: July 2021

A future-state architectural strategy designed to support chatbot integration with service delivery systems.
Agent algorithm
Authors: Clegg Brian
Published: July 2021

From the intersection of computational science and technological speculation, with boundaries limited only by our ability to imagine what could be.
Podocyte endowment and the impact of adult body size on kidney health
Authors: Cullen-McEwen Luise A. , van der Wolde James , Haruhara Kotaro , Tribolet Leon , Dowling John P. , Bertram Michael G. , de Matteo Robert , Haas Fabian , Czogalla Jan , Okabayashi Yusuke , Armitage James A. , Black M. Jane , Hoy Wendy E. , Puelles Victor G. , Bertram John F.
Published: July 2021

The present study shows, for the first time, that low birth weight as a result of maternal nutrition is associated with low podocyte endowment. However, a mild podocyte deficit at birth did not result in glomerular pathology in adulthood. In contrast, postnatal podocyte loss in combination with excessive body weight led to albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the associations between birth weight, podocyte indexes, postnatal weight, and glomerular pathology.
An Improved Coral Reef Optimization-Based Scheduling Algorithm for Cloud Computing
Authors: Wan Shuzhen , Qi Lixin
Published: July 2021

An important problem in cloud computing faces the challenge of scheduling tasks to virtual machines to meet the cost and time demands, while maintaining the Quality of Service (QoS). Allocating tasks into cloud resources is a difficult problem due to the uncertainty of consumers’ future requirements and the diversity of providers’ resources. Previous studies, either on modeling or scheduling approaches, can no longer offer a satisfactory solution. In this paper, we establish a resource allocation framework and propose a novel task scheduling algorithm. An improved coral reef optimization (ICRO) is proposed to deal with this task scheduling problem. In ICRO, the better-offspring and multicrossover strategies increase the convergent speed and improve the quality of solutions. In addition, a novel load balance-aware mutation enhances the load balance among virtual machines and adjusts the number of resources provided to users. Experimental results show that compared with other algorithms, ICRO can significantly reduce the makespan and cost of the scheduling, while maintaining a better load balance in the system.
Modelling the Impacts of Early Intervention on Desert Locust Outbreak Prevention
Authors: Mamo Dejen Ketema , Bedane Dejene Shewakena
Published: July 2021

To preserve crop production losses, monitoring of desert locust attacks is a significant feature of agriculture. In this paper, a mathematical model was formulated and analyzed to protect crops against desert locust attack via early intervention tactics. We consider a triple intervention approach, namely, proaction, reaction, and outbreak prevention. The model integrates a stage-structured locust population, logistics-based crop biomass, and blended early intervention via pesticide spray. We assume that the amount of pesticide spray is proportional to the density of the locust population in the infested area. Conventional short residual pesticides within ultralow volume formulation and equipment control operations are considered. The trivial and locust-free equilibrium of the model is unstable, whereas the interior equilibrium is asymptotically stable. Numerical simulations validate the theoretical results of the model. In the absence of intervention measures, desert locust losses are approximately 71% of expected crop production. The model projection shows that effective proactive early intervention on hopper stage locust contained locust infestation and subdued public health and environmental hazards. Relevant and up-to-date combined early interventions control desert locust aggression and crop production losses.
Extremely Rare Intraoral Presentation of Localized Amyloidosis
Authors: Morelato Luka , Smojver Igor , Seiwerth Sven , Gabrić Dragana
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To present an extremely rare case of localized amyloidosis of the mucosa of the maxillary alveolar ridge. Case Report. A 71-year-old man was referred to the Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, for a persistent nodular formation in the edentulous ridge of the anterior maxillary region. The nodular formation had a reddish color, solid consistency, and an approximate size of

40
×
15
 
mm

. Orthopantomographic imaging excluded bone resorption and defects. Histopathological assessments of the biopsy specimen showed that the stroma was occupied by a multiplied, partially hyalinized connective tissue. The samples were subsequently stained with Congo red, and collagen accumulation under polarized light showed an apple-green birefringence indicating amyloid. Subsequently, the nodular formation was completely excised and a maxillary total denture was made. The patient showed normal tissue healing with no sign of recurrence at a follow-up assessment 1.5 years after the procedure. Conclusion. This is only the third reported case of localized amyloidosis of the alveolar ridge mucosa. Histopathological analysis is the first step for diagnosis, but systemic tests, blood counts, urinalysis, bone marrow biopsy, electrocardiography, and digestive endoscopy are recommended to rule out a systemic disease.
The Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning Supplementation on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gu Xufang , Liu Zhichao , Gao Shengwei , Ma Li , Chen Jinhong , Wang Zhenxing , Lu Anmin , Wang Zhizhong , Wang Baohe , Li Yuhong
Published: July 2021

Objective. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has gradually been promoted in clinical practice to lower the risk of cardiovascular surgery and postoperative complications. We investigated the role of IPC on vascular endothelial function and the relationship between IPC, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and brachial artery diameter (BAD). Methods. Systematic searches were conducted in PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases from their inception to March 20, 2020. This research included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with adults, and the values of FMD and BAD were considered as the primary outcomes. Ten studies comprising 292 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Results. Regarding FMD, we observed beneficial effects of IPC on endothelial function (standardized mean difference (SMD): 1.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64, 3.01;

p
<
0.001

; I2 = 89.9%). However, the available evidence did not indicate that IPC affected BAD (SMD: 0.08; 95% CI: −0.03, 0.18;

p
>
0.05

; I2 = 76.5%). Conclusions. Our meta-analysis indicated a significant effect of IPC on the endothelial function of the blood vessels, affecting FMD but not BAD.
Discussion on Optimization of Public Transportation Network Setting considering Three-State Reliability
Authors: Xiaoliang Zhang , Limin Jia
Published: July 2021

In order to be environment-friendly, relieve traffic congestion, reduce pollution, and be green and sustainable, the optimization and development of public transportation, as the subject of people's long-term research, has always been shining. With the emergence of shared transportation, public transportation systems face more challenges. In order to better connect with bike-sharing, car-sharing, and other modes of transportation, public transportation will carry out important reforms, among which the optimization of line network is one of the most important tasks. The traditional bus route design is mainly based on the “four-stage” method model, which is mainly based on the investigation and analysis of the existing traffic system and land use. Through the work flow of “evaluation, calibration, and verification,” the network balance optimization model is used to get the bus travel allocation prediction model. In this paper, the optimization problem of public transit network is studied from the point of view of the reliability of public transit network. It is proposed that public transit network can be abstracted into series-parallel system and parallel-series system model from the three states of normal, short-circuit failure, and open-circuit failure and is analyzed and discussed through the hypothesis experiment. The research of this paper will provide a new perspective for the optimization of public transit network, complement the traditional methods, and support the optimization and reliability improvement of urban public transit network. More reliable bus networks and other modes of transportation, such as walking, bike-sharing, and rail, will become more suitable for people to get around.
Process Control of Ball Mill Based on MPC-DO
Authors: Chen Xisong , Yang Jiawei , Zhong Zhijie , Zhai Junyong
Published: July 2021

The grinding process of the ball mill is an essential operation in metallurgical concentration plants. Generally, the model of the process is established as a multivariable system characterized with strong coupling and time delay. In previous research, a two-input-two-output model was applied to describe the system, in which some key indicators of the process were ignored. To this end, a three-input-three-output system is proposed to improve the model accuracy. Moreover, some practical and effective control strategies have been studied. The common control methods, including model predictive control (MPC), disturbance observer (DO), and so on, show poor performance when strong external and internal disturbances exist. In this paper, a composite control strategy based on MPC-DO is put forward to realize the control of the three-input-three-output ball mill system. The disturbances of the system consist of external disturbances including fluctuation of ore hardness and internal disturbances including model mismatches and strong couplings. The proposed MPC-DO controller includes a feedback control component based on MPC and a feed-forward compensation component based on DO. The simulation results indicate that the composite control scheme based on MPC-DO has good performance of tracking and anti-interference in process control of the ball mill.
Mutant p53 Attenuates Oxidative Phosphorylation and Facilitates Cancer Stemness through Downregulating miR-200c–PCK2 Axis in Basal-Like Breast Cancer
Authors: Chao Chi-Hong , Wang Chen-Yun , Wang Cing-Hong , Chen Ting-Wen , Hsu Huai-Yu , Huang Hao-Wei , Li Chia-Wei , Mai Ru-Tsun
Published: July 2021

miR-200c is a tumor suppressor miRNA that plays a critical role in regulating epithelial phenotype and cancer stemness. p53 deficiency downregulates the expression of miR-200c and leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness phenotype, which contributes to the progression of breast cancers. In this study, we demonstrated that CRISPR-mediated knockout (KO) of miR-200c induces metabolic features similar to the metabolic rewiring caused by p53 hot-spot mutations, and that impairing this metabolic reprogramming interferes with miR-200c deficiency–induced stemness and transformation. Moreover, restoring miR-200c expression compromised EMT, stem-cell properties, and the Warburg effect caused by p53 mutations, suggesting that mutant p53 (MTp53) induces EMT-associated phenotypes and metabolic reprogramming by downregulating miR-200c. Mechanistically, decreased expression of PCK2 was observed in miR-200c– and p53-deficient mammary epithelial cells, and forced expression of miR-200c restored PCK2 in p53 mutant–expressing cells. Reduced PCK2 expression not only led to attenuated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and increased stemness in normal mammary epithelial cells but also compromised the enhanced OXPHOS and suppression of cancer stemness exerted by miR-200c in p53 mutation–bearing basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) cells. Clinically, PCK2 expression is negatively associated with EMT markers and is downregulated in basal-like subtype and cases with low miR-200c expression or p53 mutation. Notably, low expression of PCK2 is associated with poor overall survival (OS) in patients with breast cancer.

Implications:

Together, our results suggest that p53 and miR-200c regulate OXPHOS and stem/cancer stemness through PCK2, and loss of the p53–miR-200c–PCK2 axis might provide metabolic advantages that facilitate cancer stemness, leading to the progression of BLBCs.
Geologia e aspectos genéticos de depósitos de esmeralda em zonas de cisalhamento: um olhar sobre os depósitos esmeraldíferos da Província Borborema, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Araújo Neto José Ferreira de , Santos Lauro Cézar Montefalco de Lira , Santos Glenda Lira
Published: July 2021

Esmeralda é uma variedade de berilo na cor verde-grama, uma das mais raras e valiosas gemas do mundo. Além das características magmáticas e metamórficas particulares de cada depósito, descontinuidades crustais sempre estão presentes, interpretadas como os meios físicos para a canalização dos fluidos mineralizantes. Exemplos importantes são observados nos depósitos de Habachtal na Áustria e de Carnaíba e Santa Terezinha de Goiás, no Brasil. Na Província Borborema (Nordeste do Brasil), a conexão entre zonas de cisalhamento e ocorrências de esmeralda tem despertado interesse científico e comercial, principalmente quanto às estruturas associadas a pegmatitos berilíferos. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma revisão sobre a evolução do conhecimento de mineralizações de esmeralda em zonas de cisalhamento, com esquemas de classificação recentes, principais modelos esquemáticos adaptados e enfoque nos controles geológicos dos principais depósitos do Nordeste brasileiro. Na região de Fazenda Bonfim (Rio Grande do Norte), o desenvolvimento de flogopititos esmeraldíferos deu-se em zonas metassomáticas, enquanto nas ocorrências de Tauá e Coqui (Ceará) a mineralização está associada a corpos pegmatíticos em faixas de flogopita-xistos e tremolititos, ambos fortemente afetados por tectônica transcorrente. No depósito de Paraná (Rio Grande do Norte), tem-se interpretado um componente extensional concomitante à transcorrência, que possibilitou a interação entre fluidos pegmatíticos contendo berílio e rochas metabásicas ricas em elementos cromóforos. Concluímos que o regime de deformação dúctil ligado às zonas de cisalhamento regionais representa um dos mais importantes metalotectos para a prospecção de esmeralda na Província Borborema.
As Cruzadas e as apropriações contemporâneas da Idade Média (2001 - 2020)
Authors: Rodrigues Eric Cyon
Published: July 2021

Após os Ataques de 11 de setembro de 2001, os Estados Unidos iniciaram uma campanha militar de guerra ao terrorismo. Nesse contexto, os conceitos de “choque de civilizações”, cunhado pelo cientista político Samuel Huntington, e o de “cruzadas” se tornaram muito frequentes nos debates políticos e na imprensa. Essas ideias foram apropriadas para definir a natureza dos conflitos entre as nações e o terrorismo. Uma década mais tarde, com a ascensão da extrema-direita brasileira, apropriações semelhantes foram feitas no Brasil. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como as cruzadas, ocorridas na Idade Média, foram apropriadas para atender agendas políticas no século XXI. Para isso, utilizaremos artigos de imprensa, discursos de dirigentes políticos e produções audiovisuais (documentário e podcast). Através desse material, será possível observar como as relações entre os cristãos e os muçulmanos no período medieval foram retratadas, tanto em discursos políticos quanto em opiniões na imprensa e na internet, de forma a tentar demonstrar como as supostas civilizações Ocidental e Islâmica inevitavelmente se confrontariam por conta de suas diferentes culturas. Portanto, de acordo com essas apropriações, as cruzadas seriam apenas o início dessa guerra secular, enquanto a Guerra ao Terrorismo seria apenas outro episódio que demonstraria a impossibilidade dessas civilizações conviverem em paz.
Sob outra perspectiva: a história oral nas obras de Svetlana Aleksiévitch
Authors: Matos Maria Carolina Nascimento de
Published: July 2021

O presente trabalho faz uma reflexão crítica acerca da história oral como empregada nas obras da escritora bielo-russa Svetlana Aleksiévitch. Svetlana encontrou na simplicidade da vida cotidiana as suas fontes para descrever os principais acontecimentos que abalaram não apenas o Estado soviético e a ideologia comunista, mas também a vida de seus cidadãos. A Segunda Guerra Mundial, o acidente na central nuclear de Chernobyl e a Perestroika são alguns desses acontecimentos. Ao se fazer um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o tema foi percebido que até o momento muito de seu trabalho tem sido interpretado em diálogo com a literatura e em menor medida com o jornalismo, a questão de suas obras serem um trabalho de história oral é sempre mencionada, entretanto nunca aprofundada. O que desejo é estabelecer uma conexão mais íntima entre suas obras e a história demonstrando que apesar de ser comum no meio editorial a publicação de suas obras usando a designação “história oral” não podemos considerar que o seu trabalho de fato utilize essa metodologia.  Para isso, darei ênfase a três de suas obras: A Guerra não tem rosto de mulher, Vozes de Tchernóbil e O fim do Homem Soviético conjuntamente com a bibliografia especializada.
Apresentação do dossiê: o poder na Idade Média
Authors: Coelho Maria Filomena Pinto da Costa
Published: July 2021

Este artigo se trata da apresentação do dossiê "O poder na Idade Média", idealizado pela profª Drª Maria Filomena Pinto da Costa Coelho.
Gênero e virgindade no De Habitu Uirginarum (248-249) de Cipriano de Cartago: imagens e discursos no início do Cristianismo
Authors: Amorim Mariana Soares Gama de
Published: July 2021

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma discussão teórica acerca da virgindade enquanto estratégia discursiva de controle do corpo e da religiosidade feminina dentro de um contexto de formação do Cristianismo, a partir do De habitu uirginarum (248-249) de Cipriano de Cartago; tomando o gênero como norte teórico e a Análise Discursiva como método. Objetiva-se, nesse sentido, deixar claro quais são os mecanismos empregados nessa construção estratégica do discurso, que confere à virgindade um caráter doutrinal. Nesse panorama, conclui-se que os elementos textuais do corpus documental são estrategicamente estruturados com base em artifícios retóricos e evocando as Escrituras como forma de demonstrar autoridade. Além disso, sob uma ótica de gênero, essa construção está pautada num processo de significação das diferenças anatômicas, ditas como naturais quando, na verdade, são culturais; revelando assim uma lógica hierárquica em que opera o poderio masculino.
O Governo das signorie na Crônica de Salimbene de Parma
Authors: Santos Lorene Correia
Published: July 2021

Resumo: As crônicas medievais foram produzidas no seio de suas cidades e, tanto em seu caráter laico quanto eclesiástico, compreendem dimensões educativas e políticas. A tradição cronística é um fenômeno importante na construção da ideologia e da organização política das comunas italianas durante o século XIII. Tendo isso em vista, este artigo é composto de três momentos que se entrecruzam: 1) o traçado de uma perspectiva do fazer cronístico citadino e mendicante, buscando entender o seu papel e importância nas cidades, para assim intentar inserir a Crônica de Salimbene de Parma – escrita entre os anos 1229-1268, e que possuiu um tecido textual no qual encontramos traços de diferentes gêneros narrativos – nesse contexto de produção; 2) um panorama do advento das signorie nas cidades, essas formas de governo surgidas em meados do século XIII e que trouxeram uma nova configuração para a dinâmica política e institucional do sistema comunal; 3) a análise de alguns relatos de Salimbene acerca de governos que observa. Tudo isso se dará no esforço de melhor entender o que o minorita apreciava ou condenava nos governos das signorie, buscando assim uma compreensão e percepção de outras nuances do período para além do “despotismo” e da “tirania”.
Futebol e identidade na Guerra Civil Iugoslava
Authors: Cotrim Eduardo Barboza
Published: July 2021

No mundo contemporâneo é comum ouvirmos que futebol e política não se misturam, o código de ética da FIFA atesta que todos sob sua administração devem manter-se politicamente neutros, sob pena de punição administrativa. Esta afirmação frequentemente não corresponde à realidade dos fatos. Esporte e política caminham lado a lado em níveis profundos da sociedade, inclusive este código de ética da entidade controladora do futebol no mundo é um exemplo da relação política envolvendo o esporte. O objetivo do presente artigo é analisar a relação político-identitária do futebol na República Socialista Federal da Iugoslávia, em um primeiro momento utilizado como centralizador de uma identidade única entre os países membros, personificada por Josip Broz Tito e seu ideal de “unidade e irmandade” e posteriormente, em particular após a morte de Tito, como veículo de expressão, construção e representação de um sentimento/identidade nacional específico de cada república, germinando a conjuntura que levou a eclosão da Guerra Civil. Trataremos aqui em especial da Sérvia e da Croácia.
Desterro, legitimidade e distribuição de poder: o panorama político entre os reinados de Juan II e Enrique IV de Castela (1445-1454)
Authors: Lima Gabriel Soledade Pereira
Published: July 2021

Na Batalha de Olmedo (1445), duas redes políticas – os Infantes de Aragão e os aliados do valido Álvaro de Luna – se enfrentaram, decidindo o futuro da dinâmica política do reino de Castela. Após a derrota dos Infantes e seus aliados, a disponibilidade de senhorios no reino mobilizou grande parte da nobreza em uma disputa que envolveria derrotados, vencedores, e novos agentes políticos em ascensão. Este trabalho pretende abordar essa disputa, por meio de uma seleção de crônicas que tratam do período, do diálogo com a historiografia e da análise do papel de Juan II e de Enrique IV, como distribuidor de poder e legitimidade.
Portugal 1300: poder e escassez no final da Idade Média
Authors: Vera Rudyard Rezende
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as relações de poder e a agência real em momentos de escassez e carestia em Portugal na Baixa Idade Média. Para isso, utilizaremos algumas crônicas analisadas no projeto “Fome, clima e abastecimento em Portugal no Final da Idade Média” (Portugal 1300), um grupo de pesquisa CNPq criado em julho de 2019 em parceria com a Université Libre de Bruxelles, e cuja função é abastecer uma plataforma virtual denominada QFAME, um repertório de menções à fome nas fontes escritas do Ocidente, do século VIII ao século XV. Através da investigação desses documentos, buscaremos evidenciar também como é possível visualizar o processo de centralização política em Portugal na Baixa Idade Média, a partir da agência real retratada pelos cronistas portugueses Fernão Lopes e Rui de Pina em face da fome e da escassez nas fontes analisadas pelo Portugal 1300.
Rediscovery of Watson’s Demon Stimula swinhoei swinhoei (Elwes & Edwards, 1897) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) in Meghalaya, India after 60 years
Authors: Bhowmik Suman , Bora Atanu
Published: July 2021

The authors report the rediscovery of the grass skipper Watson’s Demon Stimula swinhoei swinhoei from Riwai village, Meghalaya. The nominotypical subspecies found in India was last recorded 60 years ago by Cantlie from Khasi Hills, Meghalaya in 1956, and since then no records of this species have been found in the literature of the state. The authors recorded one individual of the species on 20 February 2016 while it was feeding on bird droppings adjacent to a hill stream in Riwai village, Khasi Hills, Meghalaya. The species might have been overlooked by past workers due to its similarities with Ancistroides nigrita.
Report of Bradinopyga konkanensis Joshi & Sawant, 2020 (Insecta: Odonata) from Kerala, India
Authors: Haneef Muhammed , Crasta B. Raju Stiven , Chandran A. Vivek
Published: July 2021

The newly described dragonfly species, Bradinopyga konkanensis Joshi & Sawant 2020 (Insecta: Odonata), is reported from Kerala, 450 km away from its nearest record. Differences between closely similar species that co-occur in the region are tabulated for easy field identification of the species.
Moths of the superfamily Gelechioidea (Microlepidoptera) from the Western Ghats of India
Authors: Katewa Amit , Pathania Prakash Chand
Published: July 2021

Sixteen species belonging to 13 genera—Stegasta Meyrick, Anarsia Zeller, Hypatima Hübner, Helcystogramma Zeller (Gelechiidae), Lecithocera Herrich-Schäffer, Hygroplasta Meyrick, Torodora Meyrick (Lecithoceridae), Apethistis Meyrick, Cophomantella Fletcher, Stathmopoda Herrich-Schäffer, Tonica Walker (Oecophoridae), Ethmia Hübner (Ethmidae), and Eretmocera Zeller (Scythridae)—of the superfamily Gelechioidea have been collected from different localities of the Western Ghats. Other details such as synonymy, material examined, distribution, and remarks are also provided. Fifteen species are recorded for the first time from the Western Ghats.
A record of Ourapteryx dierli Inoue, 1994 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae) from the Garhwal Himalaya, India
Authors: Singh Arun P. , Lekhendra
Published: July 2021

The current record of Ourapterya dierli Inoue,1994 (Lepidoptera: Geometriidae: Ennominae) from Garhwal Himalaya, India further extends the western most limit in the distribution range of this species  in the Himalaya, up to Chakrata hills which is 250km from the nearest known earlier record from Munsiyari in Kumaon,India and is the first record from Garhwal and second of this species from India.
Characterisation of breeding habitat of Grizzled Giant Squirrel Ratufa macroura (Mammalia: Sciuridae) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, India
Authors: Thomas Kiran , Nameer P.O.
Published: July 2021

The Grizzled Giant Squirrel (GGS) Ratufa macroura (Pennant, 1769) is a ‘Near Threatened’ and endemic giant squirrel distributed in southern India and Sri Lanka. In India, the species is distributed in more than 10 locations between Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary in Karnataka in the north and Srivilliputhur Grizzled Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu in the south. A study was conducted in the riparian habitats of Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary in Kerala to understand the habitat characteristics, including the drey site use of GGS. The vegetation of the GGS habitat was studied using the quadrat method, and the dreys were counted using the transects.  A total of 95 species of trees were identified from the riverine vegetation, and the GGS used 36 species of trees for drey construction. Most of the dreys were found on Mangifera indica, Terminalia arjuna, Ficus microcarpa, Diospyros ebenum, and Pongamia pinnata. However, the GGS may prefer trees such as Mitragyna parviflora, Diospyros ebenum, Ficus microcarpa, Albizia procera, Acacia nilotica, and Acacia leucophloea for drey construction. The study also highlights the usage of large trees with extensive crown by the GGS for various activities such as feeding, resting, moving, and nesting, thus signifying the necessity for protecting the remaining riverine habitat at Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary to ensure the long-term conservation of GGS. We recommend an urgent restoration by restocking with already existing, native tree species of the riverine habitat due to the extremely poor regeneration of trees in the riverine habitat that support the only population of the GGS in Kerala.
Photographic record of Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor (Aves: Phoenicopteridae) in Ramganga river, Bareilly, India
Authors: Gangaiamaran Pichaimuthu , Usmani Aftab A. , Gopi G.V. , Hussain S.A. , Khan Khursid A.
Published: July 2021

Photographic record of Lesser Flamingo Phoeniconaias minor in Ramganga river, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. This is the first photographic record and northern most distribution of Lesser Flamingo from India.
Diversity and distribution of the large centipedes (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha) in the Phia Oac - Phia Den National Park, Vietnam
Authors: Son Le Xuan , Anh Nguyen Thi Tu , Binh Tran Thi Thanh , Nguyen Thu Anh T. , Nguyen Anh D.
Published: July 2021

The scolopendromorph fauna of the Phia Oac - Phia Den National Park, northernmost Vietnam has been studied. As a result, a total of 17 species in eight genera and three families have been recorded in five different types of habitats (wood forest, bamboo forest, wood-bamboo mixed forest, pine forest, and grassland-shrubs) and from three elevation range (<1,000 m, 1,000–1,600 m, and >1,600 m). Scolopendridae is the most diverse family with nine recorded species. Of the five habitats, most species have been found in wood forests and wood-bamboo mixed forests (11 species each habitat), and at the elevation range of 1,000–1,600 m (15 species). The research also recommended that this number does not reflect the true biodiversity of this region; more intensive surveys are needed to have a better understanding of the scolopendromorph diversity in the Phia Oac - Phia Den National Park.
Podocyte Glucocorticoid Receptors Are Essential for Glomerular Endothelial Cell Homeostasis in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Srivastava Swayam Prakash , Zhou Han , Setia Ocean , Dardik Alan , Fernandez‐Hernando Carlos , Goodwin Julie
Published: July 2021

Background

Proteinuria and glomerular segmental fibrosis are inevitable complications of diabetic nephropathy though their mechanisms are poorly understood. Understanding the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of proteinuria and glomerular segmental fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy is, therefore, urgently needed for patient management of this severe disease.

Methods and Results

Diabetes mellitus was induced in podocyte‐specific glucocorticoid receptor knockout (GR
PKO
) mice and control littermates by administration of streptozotocin. Primary podocytes were isolated and subjected to analysis of Wnt signaling and fatty acid metabolism. Conditioned media from primary podocytes was transferred to glomerular endothelial cells. Histologic analysis of kidneys from diabetic GR
PKO
mice showed worsened fibrosis, increased collagen deposition, and glomerulomegaly indicating severe glomerular fibrosis. Higher expression of transforming growth factor‐βR1 and β‐catenin and suppressed expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A in nephrin‐positive cells were found in the kidneys of diabetic GR
PKO
mice. Podocytes isolated from diabetic GR
PKO
mice demonstrated significantly higher profibrotic gene expression and suppressed fatty acid oxidation compared with controls. Administration of a Wnt inhibitor significantly improved the fibrotic features in GR
PKO
mice. The glomerular endothelium of diabetic GR
PKO
mice demonstrated the features of endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Moreover, endothelial cells treated with conditioned media from podocytes lacking GR showed increased expression of α‐smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor‐βR1 and β‐catenin levels.

Conclusions

These data demonstrate that loss of podocyte GR leads to upregulation of Wnt signaling and disruption in fatty acid metabolism. Podocyte–endothelial cell crosstalk, mediated through GR, is important for glomerular homeostasis, and its disruption likely contributes to diabetic nephropathy.
Siphula paramensis V. Marcano & L. Castillo (Icmadophilaceae, Lichenized Fungi), a new species from the high paramo in Venezuela
Authors: MARCANO VICENTE
Published: July 2021

A new species of the genus Siphula is described from the Cordillera de Merida and Sierra La Culata in the Venezuelan Andes: Siphula paramensis V. Marcano & L. Castillo sp. nov. This species closely resembles Siphula subsimplex V. Marcano from the Guayana Highlands. Siphula paramensis differs by its very small thallus, obovoid or globuliform lobes, ochre-coloured, yellowish or whitish gray (in older thalli) surface, rugose, rounded and entire apices having usually reticulated lines, less thick cortex and shorter rhizines; the thalli are K–, C+ yellow, and P+ yellow in the cortex, and contain baeomycesic and squamatic acids. This is the Siphula species that grows at the highest altitude in Venezuela. It is considered to be endemic to the Venezuelan Andes.
Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense—24. Odontocheila paraexcisipenis sp. nov., a new species of the O. cajennensis species-group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)
Authors: MORAVEC JIŘÍ , HUBER RONALD
Published: July 2021

A new species of the genus Odontocheila Laporte de Castelnau, 1834 is described from Venezuela as Odontocheila paraexcisipenis sp. nov. It is classified as a further species of the large O. cajennensis species-group and described subsequent to the recently published revision of the genus (Moravec (2018). Illustrations of the habitus, diagnostic characters and variability of the new species and distinguishing characters of similar species are presented in colour photographs. Revised key to species of the O. cajennensis species-group is presented with references to descriptions and illustrations of other species of the species-group in the above-cited taxonomic revision of the genus. An essential map of distribution is also given.
Additions to the knowledge of the genus Lyroda Say (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) from India with the descriptions of two new species
Authors: AYISHA MAWADDA N.V. , GIRISH KUMAR P. , SURESHAN P.M.
Published: July 2021

The species of Lyroda Say from India are examined and two new species are described: Lyroda aurea Mawadda and Girish Kumar and L. nuda Mawadda and Girish Kumar. L. binghami Tsuneki is newly reported from India. Records of other species of Lyroda from various states of India are presented. A modified key to the species of Lyroda from the Oriental Region is provided.
A new species of the genus Aberrasine Volynkin & Huang from Xizang, China (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini)
Authors: ZHU LI-JUAN , VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , SINGH NAVNEET , WANG MIN , FAN XIAO-LING , HUANG SI-YAO
Published: July 2021

A new species of the genus Aberrasine Volynkin & S.-Y. Huang, 2019, Aberrasine tiani S.-Y. Huang, Volynkin, N. Singh & M. Wang, sp. nov. is described from southern Xizang, China. The species belongs to the A. strigivenata species-group having a characteristic reduced forewing pattern consisting of a medial transverse line and lengthwise strokes along veins. Adults and genitalia of the new and the similar species are illustrated.
Brand drug companies impeding generic drug company access to product samples: Estimated prevalence and impact on drug costs
Authors: Grootendorst Paul
Published: July 2021

Some brand drug companies have stymied attempts by generic drug companies to obtain samples of brand drugs needed to develop and gain regulatory approval for their generic products. This conduct, which has been reported in both the US and Canada, raises drug costs to drug plans and other payors and can lessen competition. The literature to date contains little empirical evidence on the prevalence of this conduct, the attendant effects on generic drug market launches and costs incurred by drug payors. This paper addresses these questions for Canada, using data on the drug development projects undertaken by the members of the Canadian Generic Pharmaceutical Association over the period 2015–2019. I found that about 16% of generic drug development projects were delayed due to originator firm efforts to impede access to samples of their drugs. The median generic drug launch delay (among affected drugs) attributable to the challenged conduct was 6 months. The additional costs to drug payors from the resulting delays in generic drug launches over the analysis period was in the order of $284 million, or $57 million annually. This study did not explore the additional generic drug development costs attributable to the challenged conduct.
The Vastus Lateralis Free Flap and Donor-Site Morbidity. A Systematic Review
Authors: Hewitt Lyndel , Yabe Takako , Clark Jonathan R. , Wykes James , Ashford Bruce
Published: July 2021

Study Design:

Systematic review.

Objective:

Vastus lateralis is used to reconstruct defects in the head and neck. While the advantages are documented, donor-site morbidity requires further investigation. Before an investigation can commence, a review of the literature is required. The aim of this study was to review the existing evidence regarding the use of the vastus lateralis flap and donor-site morbidity. The results from this study will assist to determine further research and need for preventative and post-operative options to improve patient care and health outcomes.

Methods:

Electronic databases were searched (in January-February 2020). Peer-reviewed, English language articles were included if they investigated the association between the vastus lateralis flap and donor-site related health outcome. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed the articles. The risk of bias of each individual study was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment for observational and intervention studies.

Results:

Five articles representing 97 participants from 4 countries were included. The vastus lateralis flap (head and neck reconstruction) was shown to have a neutral association with donor-site leg strength, ability to climb stairs, walking and activities of daily living. Minor negative associations was found for changes in sensation and bruising.

Conclusion:

Current research reports a neutral effect between the use of the vastus lateralis and donor-site morbidity. Further research is required using a more rigorous investigative approach using a wider range of objective measures and larger sample sizes to confirm these findings to inform holistic post-operative care options.
Understanding creation science and intelligent design
Authors: Branch Glenn
Published: July 2021

In American Creationism, Creation Science, and Intelligent Design in the Evangelical Market, Benjamin Huskinson presents a close examination of the two main American sociopolitical movements launched in opposition to evolution during the second half of the twentieth century: creation science and intelligent design. Despite a failure of a central argument and a handful of errors, the book is a welcome and valuable interrogation of the stereotypes of American creationism.