bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of metabolic parameters on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron tomography/computed tomography in classical rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Choi Byung Wook , Kang Sungmin , Bae Sung Uk , Jeong Woon Kyung , Baek Seong Kyu , Song Bong-Il , Won Kyoung Sook , Kim Hae Won
Published: June 2021

We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the metabolic parameters of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in classical rectal adenocarcinoma (CRAC). We retrospectively reviewed 149 patients with CRAC who underwent preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT at initial diagnosis followed by curative surgical resection. 18F-FDG PET/CT metabolic parameters including maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated for prognostic significance by univariate and multivariate analyses, along with conventional risk factors including pathologic T (pT) stage, lymph node (LN) metastasis, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level. On univariate analysis, high pT stage, positive LN metastasis, LVI, PNI, MTV, and TLG were significant prognostic factors affecting DFS (all P < 0.05), while CEA level, high pT stage, positive LN metastasis, LVI, PNI, MTV, and TLG affected OS (all P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, positive LN metastasis, LVI, MTV, and TLG were independent prognostic factors affecting DFS (all P < 0.05), while CEA level, positive LN metastasis, and MTV affected OS (all P < 0.05). Thus, the volume-based metabolic parameters from preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT scans are independent prognostic factors in patients with CRAC.
A CAR RNA FISH assay to study functional and spatial heterogeneity of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in tissue
Authors: Eichholz Karsten , Li Alvason Zhenhua , Diem Kurt , Jensen Michael Claus , Zhu Jia , Corey Lawrence
Published: June 2021

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are engineered cells used in cancer therapy and are studied to treat infectious diseases. Trafficking and persistence of CAR T cells is an important requirement for efficacy to target cancer. Here, we describe a CAR RNA FISH histo-cytometry platform combined with a random reaction seed image analysis algorithm to quantitate spatial distribution and in vivo functional activity of a CAR T cell population at a single cell resolution for preclinical models. In situ, CAR T cell exhibited a heterogenous effector gene expression and this was related to the distance from tumor cells, allowing a quantitative assessment of the potential in vivo effectiveness. The platform offers the potential to study immune functions of genetically engineered cells in situ with their target cells in tissues with high statistical power and thus, can serve as an important tool for preclinical assessment of CAR T cell effectiveness.
Bleeding outcomes and factor utilization after switching to an extended half-life product for prophylaxis in haemophilia A in Austria
Authors: Ay Cihan , Feistritzer Clemens , Rettl Joachim , Schuster Gerhard , Vavrovsky Anna , Perschy Leonard , Pabinger Ingrid
Published: June 2021

To prevent bleeding in severe haemophilia A [SHA, defined as factor VIII (FVIII) activity < 1%] regular prophylactic FVIII replacement therapy is required, and the benefits of factor products with extended half-life (EHL) over traditional standard half-life (SHL) are still being debated. We performed a multi-centre, retrospective cohort study of persons with SHA in Austria aiming to compare clinical outcomes and factor utilization in patients with SHA, who switched from prophylaxis with SHL to an EHL. Data were collected from haemophilia-specific patient diaries and medical records. Twenty male persons with SHA (median age: 32.5 years) were included. The most common reason for switching to the EHL was a high bleeding rate with SHL. Switch to rFVIII-Fc resulted in a significantly decreased annualized bleeding rate (ABR; median difference (IQR): − 0.3 (− 4.5–0); Wilcoxon signed-rank test for matched pairs: Z = − 2.7, p = 0.008) and number of prophylactic infusions per week (− 0.75 (− 1.0–0.0); Z = − 2.7, p = 0.007). Factor utilization was comparable to prior prophylaxis with SHL (0.0 (− 15.8–24.8) IU/kg/week; Z = − 0.4, p = 0.691). In summary, switch to EHL (rFVIII-Fc) was associated with an improved clinical outcome, reflected by ABR reduction, and less frequent infusions, without significantly higher factor usage.
Physical reservoir computing with origami and its application to robotic crawling
Authors: Bhovad Priyanka , Li Suyi
Published: June 2021

A new paradigm called physical reservoir computing has recently emerged, where the nonlinear dynamics of high-dimensional and fixed physical systems are harnessed as a computational resource to achieve complex tasks. Via extensive simulations based on a dynamic truss-frame model, this study shows that an origami structure can perform as a dynamic reservoir with sufficient computing power to emulate high-order nonlinear systems, generate stable limit cycles, and modulate outputs according to dynamic inputs. This study also uncovers the linkages between the origami reservoir’s physical designs and its computing power, offering a guideline to optimize the computing performance. Comprehensive parametric studies show that selecting optimal feedback crease distribution and fine-tuning the underlying origami folding designs are the most effective approach to improve computing performance. Furthermore, this study shows how origami’s physical reservoir computing power can apply to soft robotic control problems by a case study of earthworm-like peristaltic crawling without traditional controllers. These results can pave the way for origami-based robots with embodied mechanical intelligence.
The impact of super-spreader cities, highways, and intensive care availability in the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil
Authors: Nicolelis Miguel A. L. , Raimundo Rafael L. G. , Peixoto Pedro S. , Andreazzi Cecilia S.
Published: June 2021

Although international airports served as main entry points for SARS-CoV-2, the factors driving the uneven geographic spread of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Brazil remain mostly unknown. Here we show that three major factors influenced the early macro-geographical dynamics of COVID-19 in Brazil. Mathematical modeling revealed that the “super-spreading city” of São Paulo initially accounted for more than 85% of the case spread in the entire country. By adding only 16 other spreading cities, we accounted for 98–99% of the cases reported during the first 3 months of the pandemic in Brazil. Moreover, 26 federal highways accounted for about 30% of SARS-CoV-2’s case spread. As cases increased in the Brazilian interior, the distribution of COVID-19 deaths began to correlate with the allocation of the country’s intensive care units (ICUs), which is heavily weighted towards state capitals. Thus, severely ill patients living in the countryside had to be transported to state capitals to access ICU beds, creating a “boomerang effect” that contributed to skew the distribution of COVID-19 deaths. Therefore, if (i) a lockdown had been imposed earlier on in spreader-capitals, (ii) mandatory road traffic restrictions had been enforced, and (iii) a more equitable geographic distribution of ICU beds existed, the impact of COVID-19 in Brazil would be significantly lower.
The effect of COVID19 pandemic restrictions on an urban rodent population
Authors: Bedoya-Pérez Miguel A. , Ward Michael P. , Loomes Max , McGregor Iain S. , Crowther Mathew S.
Published: June 2021

Shortly after the enactment of restrictions aimed at limiting the spread of COVID-19, various local government and public health authorities around the world reported an increased sighting of rats. Such reports have yet to be empirically validated. Here we combined data from multi-catch rodent stations (providing data on rodent captures), rodent bait stations (providing data on rodent activity) and residents’ complaints to explore the effects of a six week lockdown period on rodent populations within the City of Sydney, Australia. The sampling interval encompassed October 2019 to July 2020 with lockdown defined as the interval from April 1st to May 15th, 2020. Rodent captures and activity (visits to bait stations) were stable prior to lockdown. Captures showed a rapid increase and then decline during the lockdown, while rodent visits to bait stations declined throughout this period. There were no changes in the frequency of complaints during lockdown relative to before and after lockdown. There was a non-directional change in the geographical distribution of indices of rodent abundance suggesting that rodents redistributed in response to resource scarcity. We hypothesize that lockdown measures initially resulted in increased rodent captures due to sudden shortage of human-derived food resources. Rodent visits to bait stations might not show this pattern due to the nature of the binary data collected, namely the presence or absence of a visit. Relocation of bait stations driven by pest management goals may also have affected the detection of any directional spatial effect. We conclude that the onset of COVID-19 may have disrupted commensal rodent populations, with possible implications for the future management of these ubiquitous urban indicator species.
Interaction between genetic predisposition, smoking, and dementia risk: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Zhang Na , Ranson Janice M. , Zheng Zhi-Jie , Hannon Eilis , Zhou Zhenwei , Kong Xuejun , Llewellyn David J. , King Daniel A. , Huang Jie
Published: June 2021

We evaluated whether the association between cigarette smoking and dementia risk is modified by genetic predisposition including apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and polygenic risk (excluding the APOE region). We included 193,198 UK Biobank participants aged 60–73 years without dementia at baseline. Of non-APOE-ε4 carriers, 0.89% (95% CI 0.73–1.08%) current smokers developed dementia compared with 0.49% (95% CI 0.44–0.55%) of never smokers (adjusted HR 1.78; 95% CI 1.39–2.29). In contrast, of one APOE-ε4 allele carriers, 1.69% (95% CI 1.31–2.12%) current smokers developed dementia compared with 1.40% (95% CI 1.25–1.55%) of never smokers (adjusted HR 1.06; 95% CI 0.77–1.45); of two APOE-ε4 alleles carriers, 4.90% (95% CI 2.92–7.61%) current smokers developed dementia compared with 3.87% (95% CI 3.11–4.74%) of never smokers (adjusted HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.49–1.79). Of participants with high polygenic risk, 1.77% (95% CI 1.35–2.27%) current smokers developed dementia compared with 1.05% (95% CI 0.91–1.21%) of never smokers (adjusted HR 1.63; 95% CI 1.16–2.28). A significant interaction was found between APOE genotype and smoking status (P = 0.002) while no significant interaction was identified between polygenic risk and smoking status (P = 0.25). APOE genotype but not polygenic risk modified the effect of smoking on dementia risk.
Vinaxanthone inhibits Semaphorin3A induced axonal growth cone collapse in embryonic neurons but fails to block its growth promoting effects on adult neurons
Authors: Ivakhnitskaia Evguenia , Chin Matthew R. , Siegel Dionicio , Guaiquil Victor H.
Published: June 2021

Semaphorin3A is considered a classical repellent molecule for developing neurons and a potent inhibitor of regeneration after nervous system trauma. Vinaxanthone and other Sema3A inhibitors are currently being tested as possible therapeutics to promote nervous system regeneration from injury. Our previous study on Sema3A demonstrated a switch in Sema3A’s function toward induction of nerve regeneration in adult murine corneas and in culture of adult peripheral neurons. The aim of the current study is to determine the direct effects of Vinaxanthone on the Sema3A induced adult neuronal growth. We first demonstrate that Vinaxanthone maintains its anti-Sema3A activity in embryonic dorsal root ganglia neurons by inhibiting Sema3A-induced growth cone collapse. However, at concentrations approximating its IC50 Vinaxanthone treatment does not significantly inhibit neurite formation of adult peripheral neurons induced by Sema3A treatment. Furthermore, Vinaxanthone has off target effects when used at concentrations above its IC50, and inhibits neurite growth of adult neurons treated with either Sema3A or NGF. Our results suggest that Vinaxanthone’s pro-regenerative effects seen in multiple in vivo models of neuronal injury in adult animals need further investigation due to the pleiotropic effect of Sema3A on various non-neuronal cell types and the possible effect of Vinaxanthone on other neuroregenerative signals.
Contrast sensitivity and higher-order aberrations in Keratoconus subjects
Authors: Shneor Einat , Piñero David P. , Doron Ravid
Published: June 2021

This study analyzes the relationship between contrast-sensitivity and higher-order aberrations (HOA) in mild and subclinical-keratoconus in subjects with good visual-acuity (VA). Keratoconus group (including subclinical-keratoconus) and controls underwent autokeratometry, corneal-tomography, autorefraction and HOA measurement. Contrast-sensitivity was tested using a psychophysical two-alternative forced-choice Gabor patches in three blocks (6, 9, 12 cycles/deg). Controls were compared to the keratoconus group and to a keratoconus subgroup with VA of 0.00 LogMar group ("keratoconus-0.00VA"). Spearman correlation tested association between HOA and contrast-sensitivity. Twenty-two keratoconus subjects (38 eyes: 28 keratoconus, 10 subclinical-keratoconus, 20 keratoconus-0.00VA) and 35 controls were included. There was a significant difference between control and keratoconus, and between control and keratoconus-0.00VA, for keratometry, cylinder, thinnest and central corneal thickness (p < 0.001). Controls showed lower HOA and higher contrast-sensitivity for all spatial-frequencies (p < 0.001). Most HOA were negatively correlated with contrast-sensitivity for all spatial-frequencies for keratoconus group and for 9 and 12 cycles/deg for keratoconus-0.00VA. Keratoconus subjects with good VA showed reduction in contrast-sensitivity and increased HOAs compared to controls. HOA and contrast-sensitivity are inversely correlated in subjects with mild keratoconus despite good VA. This suggests that the main mechanism underlying the decreased vision quality in keratoconus is the increase of HOA.
Genetic diversity and molecular evolution of human respiratory syncytial virus A and B
Authors: Yu Jie-Mei , Fu Yuan-Hui , Peng Xiang-Lei , Zheng Yan-Peng , He Jin-Sheng
Published: June 2021

Human respiratory syncytial viruses (RSVs) are classified into two major groups (A and B) based on antigenic differences in the G glycoprotein. To investigate circulating characteristics and phylodynamic history of RSV, we analyzed the genetic variability and evolutionary pattern of RSVs from 1977 to 2019 in this study. The results revealed that there was no recombination event of intergroup. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed through the genome with the highest occurrence rate in the G gene. Five and six sites in G protein of RSV-A and RSV-B, respectively, were further identified with a strong positive selection. The mean evolutionary rates for RSV-A and -B were estimated to be 1.48 × 10–3 and 1.92 × 10–3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year, respectively. The Bayesian skyline plot showed a constant population size of RSV-A and a sharp expansion of population size of RSV-B since 2005, and an obvious decrease 5 years later, then became stable again. The total population size of RSVs showed a similar tendency to that of RSV-B. Time-scaled phylogeny suggested a temporal specificity of the RSV-genotypes. Monitoring nucleotide changes and analyzing evolution pattern for RSVs could give valuable insights for vaccine and therapy strategies against RSV infection.
Reconstruction algorithm for tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric-field
Authors: Cho Wosik , Shin Jeong-uk , Kim Kyung Taec
Published: June 2021

We present a reconstruction algorithm developed for the temporal characterization method called tunneling ionization with a perturbation for the time-domain observation of an electric field (TIPTOE). The reconstruction algorithm considers the high-order contribution of an additional laser pulse to ionization, enabling the use of an intense additional laser pulse. Therefore, the signal-to-noise ratio of the TIPTOE measurement is improved by at least one order of magnitude compared to the first-order approximation. In addition, the high-order contribution provides additional information regarding the pulse envelope. The reconstruction algorithm was tested with ionization yields obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The optimal conditions for accurate reconstruction were analyzed. The reconstruction algorithm was also tested using experimental data obtained using few-cycle laser pulses. The reconstructed pulses obtained under different dispersion conditions exhibited good consistency. These results confirm the validity and accuracy of the reconstruction process.
Synthesis of [211At]4-astato-L-phenylalanine by dihydroxyboryl-astatine substitution reaction in aqueous solution
Authors: Shirakami Yoshifumi , Watabe Tadashi , Obata Honoka , Kaneda Kazuko , Ooe Kazuhiro , Liu Yuwei , Teramoto Takahiro , Toyoshima Atsushi , Shinohara Atsushi , Shimosegawa Eku , Hatazawa Jun , Fukase Koichi
Published: June 2021

Astatine-211 (211At)-labeled phenylalanine is expected to be a promising agent for targeted alpha-particle therapy for the treatment of patients with glioma. The existing reactions to prepare the labeled compound usually require organic solvents and metals that are toxic and hazardous to the environment. In this study, we developed a novel method wherein astatination was realized via the substitution of 211At for a dihydroxyboryl group coupled to phenylalanine. [211At]4-astato-L-phenylalanine was obtained as the carrier-free product in aqueous medium in high radiochemical yields (98.1 ± 1.9%, n = 5). The crude reaction mixture was purified by solid-phase extraction, and the radiochemical purity of the product was 99.3 ± 0.7% (n = 5). The high yield and purity were attributed to the formation of [211At]AtI and AtI2− as the reactive intermediates in the astatination reaction. The reaction did not require any organic solvents or toxic reagents, suggesting that this method is suitable for clinical applications.
Full-length transcriptome analysis provides new insights into the early bolting occurrence in medicinal Angelica sinensis
Authors: Gao Xue , Guo Fengxia , Chen Yuan , Bai Gang , Liu Yuxiao , Jin Jianqin , Wang Qing
Published: June 2021

Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels root part is an integral component of traditional Chinese medicine, widely prescribed to improve blood circulation and blood stasis. However, early bolting of A. sinensis compromises the quality of the roots and hence is a major limitation for yield of medicinal materials. To date, little information about the molecular mechanisms underlying bolting is available for this important medicinal plant. To identify genes putatively involved in early bolting, we have conducted the transcriptome analysis of the shoot tips of the early-bolting plants and non-bolting (normal) plants of A. sinensis, respectively, using a combination of third-generation sequencing and next-generation sequencing. A total of 43,438 non-redundant transcripts were collected and 475 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene annotation and functional analyses revealed that DEGs were highly involved in plant hormone signaling and biosynthesis pathways, three main flowering pathways, pollen formation, and very-long-chain fatty acids biosynthesis pathways. The levels of endogenous hormones were also changed significantly in the early bolting stage of A. sinensis. This study provided new insights into the transcriptomic control of early bolting in A. sinensis, which could be further applied to enhance the yield of medicinally important raw materials.
DYW domain structures imply an unusual regulation principle in plant organellar RNA editing catalysis
Authors: Takenaka Mizuki , Takenaka Sachi , Barthel Tatjana , Frink Brody , Haag Sascha , Verbitskiy Daniil , Oldenkott Bastian , Schallenberg-Rüdinger Mareike , Feiler Christian G. , Weiss Manfred S. , Palm Gottfried J. , Weber Gert
Published: June 2021

RNA editosomes selectively deaminate cytidines to uridines in plant organellar transcripts—mostly to restore protein functionality and consequently facilitate mitochondrial and chloroplast function. The RNA editosomal pentatricopeptide repeat proteins serve target RNA recognition, whereas the intensively studied DYW domain elicits catalysis. Here we present structures and functional data of a DYW domain in an inactive ground state and activated. DYW domains harbour a cytidine deaminase fold and a C-terminal DYW motif, with catalytic and structural zinc atoms, respectively. A conserved gating domain within the deaminase fold regulates the active site sterically and mechanistically in a process that we termed gated zinc shutter. Based on the structures, an autoinhibited ground state and its activation are cross-validated by RNA editing assays and differential scanning fluorimetry. We anticipate that, in vivo, the framework of an active plant RNA editosome triggers the release of DYW autoinhibition to ensure a controlled and coordinated cytidine deamination playing a key role in mitochondrial and chloroplast homeostasis.
Guard cells control hypocotyl elongation through HXK1, HY5, and PIF4
Authors: Kelly Gilor , Brandsma Danja , Egbaria Aiman , Stein Ofer , Doron-Faigenboim Adi , Lugassi Nitsan , Belausov Eduard , Zemach Hanita , Shaya Felix , Carmi Nir , Sade Nir , Granot David
Published: June 2021

The hypocotyls of germinating seedlings elongate in a search for light to enable autotrophic sugar production. Upon exposure to light, photoreceptors that are activated by blue and red light halt elongation by preventing the degradation of the hypocotyl-elongation inhibitor HY5 and by inhibiting the activity of the elongation-promoting transcription factors PIFs. The question of how sugar affects hypocotyl elongation and which cell types stimulate and stop that elongation remains unresolved. We found that overexpression of a sugar sensor, Arabidopsis hexokinase 1 (HXK1), in guard cells promotes hypocotyl elongation under white and blue light through PIF4. Furthermore, expression ofPIF4in guard cells is sufficient to promote hypocotyl elongation in the light, while expression ofHY5in guard cells is sufficient to inhibit the elongation of thehy5mutant and the elongation stimulated byHXK1. HY5 exits the guard cells and inhibits hypocotyl elongation, but is degraded in the dark. We also show that the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by guard cells’ HY5 involves auto-activation ofHY5expression in other tissues. It appears that guard cells are capable of coordinating hypocotyl elongation and that sugar andHXK1have the opposite effect of light on hypocotyl elongation, converging at PIF4.
Fascin1 empowers YAP mechanotransduction and promotes cholangiocarcinoma development
Authors: Pocaterra Arianna , Scattolin Gloria , Romani Patrizia , Ament Cindy , Ribback Silvia , Chen Xin , Evert Matthias , Calvisi Diego F. , Dupont Sirio
Published: June 2021

Mechanical forces control cell behavior, including cancer progression. Cells sense forces through actomyosin to activate YAP. However, the regulators of F-actin dynamics playing relevant roles during mechanostransduction in vitro and in vivo remain poorly characterized. Here we identify the Fascin1 F-actin bundling protein as a factor that sustains YAP activation in response to ECM mechanical cues. This is conserved in the mouse liver, where Fascin1 regulates YAP-dependent phenotypes, and in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Moreover, this is relevant for liver tumorigenesis, because Fascin1 is required in the AKT/NICD cholangiocarcinogenesis model and it is sufficient, together with AKT, to induce cholangiocellular lesions in mice, recapitulating genetic YAP requirements. In support of these findings, Fascin1 expression in human intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas strongly correlates with poor patient prognosis. We propose that Fascin1 represents a pro-oncogenic mechanism that can be exploited during intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma development to overcome a mechanical tumor-suppressive environment.
Layer-resolved many-electron interactions in delafossite PdCoO2 from standing-wave photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Lu Qiyang , Martins Henrique , Kahk Juhan Matthias , Rimal Gaurab , Oh Seongshik , Vishik Inna , Brahlek Matthew , Chueh William C. , Lischner Johannes , Nemsak Slavomir
Published: June 2021

When a three-dimensional material is constructed by stacking different two-dimensional layers into an ordered structure, new and unique physical properties can emerge. An example is the delafossite PdCoO2, which consists of alternating layers of metallic Pd and Mott-insulating CoO2 sheets. To understand the nature of the electronic coupling between the layers that gives rise to the unique properties of PdCoO2, we revealed its layer-resolved electronic structure combining standing-wave X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio many-body calculations. Experimentally, we have decomposed the measured VB spectrum into contributions from Pd and CoO2 layers. Computationally, we find that many-body interactions in Pd and CoO2 layers are highly different. Holes in the CoO2 layer interact strongly with charge-transfer excitons in the same layer, whereas holes in the Pd layer couple to plasmons in the Pd layer. Interestingly, we find that holes in states hybridized across both layers couple to both types of excitations (charge-transfer excitons or plasmons), with the intensity of photoemission satellites being proportional to the projection of the state onto a given layer. This establishes satellites as a sensitive probe for inter-layer hybridization. These findings pave the way towards a better understanding of complex many-electron interactions in layered quantum materials.
Emergent “core communities” of microbes, meiofauna and macrofauna at hydrothermal vents
Authors: Murdock S A , Tunnicliffe V , Boschen-Rose R E , Juniper S K
Published: June 2021

Assessment of ecosystem health entails consideration of species interactions within and between size classes to determine their contributions to ecosystem function. Elucidating microbial involvement in these interactions requires tools to distil diverse microbial information down to relevant, manageable elements. We used covariance ratios (proportionality) between pairs of species and patterns of enrichment to identify “core communities” of likely interacting microbial (<64 µm), meiofaunal (64 µm to 1 mm) and macrofaunal (>1 mm) taxa within assemblages hosted by a foundation species, the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Ridgeia piscesae. Compared with samples from co-located hydrothermal fluids, microbial communities within R. piscesae assemblages are hotspots of taxonomic richness and are high in novelty (unclassified OTUs) and in relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. We also observed a robust temperature-driven distinction in assemblage composition above and below ~25 °C that spanned micro to macro size classes. The core high-temperature community included eight macro- and meiofaunal taxa and members of the Bacteroidetes and Epsilonbacteraeota, particularly the genera Carboxylicivirga, Nitratifractor and Arcobacter. The core low-temperature community included more meiofaunal species in addition to Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Inferred associations among high-temperature core community taxa suggest increased reliance on species interactions under more severe hydrothermal conditions. We propose refinement of species diversity to “core communities” as a tool to simplify investigations of relationships between taxonomic and functional diversity across domains and scales by narrowing the taxonomic scope.
Targeting protein–protein interactions in the DNA damage response pathways for cancer chemotherapy
Authors: McPherson Kerry Silva , Korzhnev Dmitry M.
Published: June 2021

Targeting protein–protein interactions within the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways with small molecule inhibitors is reviewed here as a strategy to design novel cancer chemotherapeutics.
Deoxygenation of stearic acids using alkaline treated beta molecular sieves assisted by microwave irradiation
Authors: Liu Yuxiang , Zheng Dejiang , Tao Shuo , Lyu Yuchao , Wang Xiaosheng , Liu Xinchun , Liu Shoukun , Li Ming , Zhao Ruiyang , Yu Shitao
Published: June 2021

The deoxygenation reaction is important to produce bio-diesel from esters of fatty acids and/or fatty acids.
Anti-Alzheimer chemical constituents of Morus macroura Miq.: chemical profiling, in silico and in vitro investigations
Authors: El-Hawary Seham S. , Sayed Ahmed. M. , Issa Marwa Y. , Ebrahim Hanaa S. , Alaaeldin Rania , Elrehany Mahmoud A. , Abd El-Kadder Essam M. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan
Published: June 2021

Herein, we investigated both fruits and leaves of Morus macroura Miq. as a potential source of bioactive compounds against Alzheimer's disease (AD).
RD43 rice flour: the effect on starch digestibility and quality of noodles, glycemic response, short-acting satiety hormones and appetite control in humans
Authors: Suklaew Phim on , Chusak Charoonsri , Wang Chin-Kun , Adisakwattana Sirichai
Published: June 2021

This study demonstrates that RD43 rice flour with low amylose content can be used as an ingredient in noodles for reducing postprandial glucose and increasing plasma levels of GLP-1 and PYY.
Cryo-milled nano-DAP for enhanced growth of monocot and dicot plants
Authors: Singh Naorem Ronald Reagan , Sarma Sreedhara Sudhakara , Rao Tata Narsinga , Pant Harita , Srikanth Vadali Venkata Satya Siva , Kumar Rahul
Published: June 2021

A novel processing strategy, namely cryo-milling, is demonstrated to prepare n-DAP on a kg scale without altering DAP's bonding structure. Agronomically superior n-DAP outperformed c-DAP during seedlings' growth at reduced field recommended dosages.
Formation of a lead chalcogenide quantum dot-based supramolecular polymer network via pillar[5]arene-based host–guest complexation
Authors: Shi Bingbing , Zhang Yun-Fei , Zhang Zheng-Hua , Yao Hong , Qu Wen-Juan , Zhang You-Ming , Wei Tai-Bao , Lin Qi
Published: June 2021

We presented the construction of a lead chalcogenide quantum dot-based fluorescent supramolecular polymer network driven by pillar[5]arene-based host–guest complexation.
Transition metal oxide (NiO, CuO, ZnO)-doped calcium oxide catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil
Authors: Sulaiman Nur Fatin , Ramly Nurul Izzaty , Abd Mubin Mohamad Helmi , Lee Siew Ling
Published: June 2021

This paper reports the synthesis of new transition metal oxide-modified CaO catalysts derived from eggshells for the transesterification of refined waste cooking oil.
A comparative study of the effects of different TiO2 supports toward CO2 electrochemical reduction on CuO/TiO2 electrode
Authors: Lu Yueheng , Cao Huazhen , Xu Shenghang , Jia Chenxi , Zheng Guoqu
Published: June 2021

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 on three different morphologies of CuO/TiO2.
Multispectral upconversion nanoparticles for near infrared encoding of wearable devices
Authors: Lee Gibum , Mun Jonghwan , Choi Hyunsik , Han Seulgi , Hahn Sei Kwang
Published: June 2021

Multispectral transparent films of upconversion nanoparticles are developed for near-infrared encoding of wearable devices including contact lenses and patch devices.
Remarkable damage in talc caused by electron beam irradiation with a dose of up to 1000 kGy: lattice shrinkage in the Z- and Y-axis and corresponding intrinsic microstructural transformation process speculation
Authors: Huang Xiaojun , Li Jiayan , Su Xiaoya , Fang Ke , Wang Zishuang , Liu Lin , Wang Honglong , Yang Chenguang , Wang Xiaoguang
Published: June 2021

Upon irradiation, tetrahedral Si–O and the links of tetrahedron and octahedron sheets are cleaved, leading to shrinkage and amorphization. That in the Z-axis is more pronounced than in the Y-axis.
Reactions of diborenes with terminal alkynes: mechanisms of ligand-controlled anti-selective hydroalkynylation, cycloaddition and CC triple bond scission
Authors: Englert Lukas , Schmidt Uwe , Dömling Michael , Passargus Max , Stennett Tom E. , Hermann Alexander , Arrowsmith Merle , Härterich Marcel , Müssig Jonas , Phillipps Alexandra , Prieschl Dominic , Rempel Anna , Rohm Felix , Radacki Krzysztof , Schorr Fabian , Thiess Torsten , Jiménez-Halla J. Oscar C. , Braunschweig Holger
Published: June 2021

The outcome of reactions between diborenes and terminal alkynes can be tuned by varying the stabilising Lewis base and/or reaction conditions, to yield either the anti-hydroalkynylation product or [2 + 2] cycloaddition-derived boron heterocycles.
Synergistic combination of the nanoporous system of MOF-808 with a polyoxomolybdate to design an effective catalyst: simultaneous oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation processes
Authors: Fernandes Simone C. , Viana Alexandre M. , de Castro Baltazar , Cunha-Silva Luís , Balula Salete S.
Published: June 2021

A nanocomposite material PMo12@MOF-808 was prepared for the first time employing a straightforward in situ method, and it revealed remarkable catalytic activity for simultaneous oxidative desulfurization and denitrogenation of a model fuel.
Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes for CNT and hydrogen production: a review
Authors: Zhang Ye Shui , Zhu Hua Lun , Yao Dingding , Williams Paul T. , Wu Chunfei , Xu Dan , Hu Qiang , Manos George , Yu Lu , Zhao Ming , Shearing Paul R. , Brett Dan J. L.
Published: June 2021

Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes such as tyres, plastics, biomass and crude glycerol is a promising technology compared to traditional waste treatment options (e.g. incineration and landfill).
Polyoxometalate-induced ‘cage-within-cage’ metal–organic frameworks with high efficiency towards CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Du Ze-Yu , Yu Yan-Zhao , Li Ning-Fang , Xue Yun-Shan , Xu Ling-Xi , Mei Hua , Xu Yan
Published: June 2021

Two MOFs display a rare cage-within-cage structure through MoO42− anions decomposed by H3PMo12O40. Meanwhile, Zn/Co/Mo-MOF exhibits a remarkable CO production rate (7682 μmol g−1 h−1) towards CO2 photoreduction.
Hydrated alkali-B11H14 salts as potential solid-state electrolytes
Authors: H. P. Souza Diego , Møller Kasper T. , Moggach Stephen A. , Humphries Terry D. , D'Angelo Anita M. , Buckley Craig E. , Paskevicius Mark
Published: June 2021

Synthesis and characterization of alkali boron–hydrogen compounds as solid-state electrolytes for battery applications. Hydrated LiB11H14 and NaB11H14 exhibit high ionic conductivity and stability against Li and Na metal anodes, respectively.
Understanding the functions and modifications of interfaces in membrane electrode assemblies of proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Shangguan Zixuan , Li Bing , Ming Pingwen , Zhang Cunman
Published: June 2021

Four functions of interfaces in MEA are proposed: the mechanical adhesion, charge transfer, mass transport, and heat conduction.
Highly dispersed Pt atoms and clusters on hydroxylated indium tin oxide: a view from first-principles calculations
Authors: Kumari Simran , Sautet Philippe
Published: June 2021

First-principles simulations show that Pt single atoms and dimers are stabilized by tin doping in indium oxide and by the presence of hydroxyl groups.
The Relationship Between Industrial Structure and Economic Growth in China— An Empirical Study Based on Panel Data
Authors: Yi Yunxin
Published: June 2021

Industrial structure plays a vital role in social and economic progress, as well as the core in the domain of industrial economics. This paper reviewed the coordination of industrial structure and employment rate in primary, secondary, and tertiary industry, respectively by looking at its coordination coefficient. More importantly, this paper examined the relationship between industrial structure and economic growth using panel data from 2011 to 2019 and constructing a GMM model to measure the effects. Our findings indicate that the acceleration in economic growth, to a large extent, can be credited to an enhanced contribution from the service sector.
Risk Analysis of Supply Chain Finance under Blockchain Technology - Based on AHP-FCM Model
Authors: Xie Wantong , Li Yuanming
Published: June 2021

Applying blockchain technology to supply chain finance is the only way for the in-depth development of supply chain finance. However, increasingly prominent risk issues restrict the stable development of blockchain finance, so it is necessary to identify and analyze supply chain financial risks under blockchain technology. This article summarizes the six aspects of macro-industry analysis, credit risk, supply chain relationship risk, pledge risk, operational risk, and blockchain system risk from the internal and external influencing factors for risk identification, and uses fuzzy cognitive maps and hierarchical analysis. Based on the analysis of supply chain financial risks under blockchain technology, the results show that the three indicators of supply chain relationship risk, operational risk and blockchain system risk are relatively high risk, and have the greatest impact on supply chain financial risks.
Research on Countermeasures for the Development of Rural E-Commerce Logistics
Authors: Peng Yuan
Published: June 2021

Under the current environment, rural e-commerce logistics have become the focus of attention from all walks of life, and various e-commerce enterprises and logistics companies have entered the rural market under the county to achieve the purpose of expanding their market share. Based on the characteristics, current situation, and problems of developing rural e-commerce logistics in Huade County of Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The article using Schematic diagram of Milk Run optimisation model and E-Commerce Logistics Distribution Model, puting forward several countermeasures suitable for the development of rural e-commerce logistics in Huade County.
Research on Internet Financial Regulatory Innovation in China
Authors: Li Yaling
Published: June 2021

As an emerging form of financial innovation, Internet finance will inevitably break through the boundary of traditional finance in the process of innovation. Therefore, how to adapt the supervision to the characteristics of Internet finance and how to balance the innovation and supervision of Internet finance have presented a new issue to the regulatory authorities. Based on the connotation and characteristics of Internet finance, this paper analyzes the current development status of Internet finance in China, and analyzes the problems of Internet finance industry, such as imperfect laws and regulations, chaotic financial supervision institutions, loss of supervision technology and talent, and information disclosure. Finally, from three aspects of supervision legal system, this paper puts forward a series of moderate and effective supervision suggestions on the supervision system and internal supervision mechanism of Internet finance, so as to promote the stable development of the Internet.
The impact of firms’ inflation perceptions on investment: Evidence from listed manufacturing enterprises in China
Authors: Zhang Chi , Liu Zhixin , Lv Lei
Published: June 2021

This article investigates the extent to which inflation perceptions affect firms’ innovation input and investment expenditure. We adopt dummy variables data to quantify the firm inflation perceptions of China’s listed manufacturing companies from corporate annual reports during the period from 2008–2018. Results reveal that inflation perceptions have a positive Tobin effect on investment spending decisions of the firms whose inflation perceive risen, vice versa. Besides, the investment expenditure of large manufacturing/ SOEs enterprises are more sensitive than small/non-SOEs firms when inflation perceptions have risen, and small/non-SOEs companies tend to reduce much more investment spending when inflation perceptions decline. Our results have significant implications for policymakers and firm managers.
Exploring the Internetization of Private Finance
Authors: Kong Yan , Wang Yanna , Cai Jieping
Published: June 2021

Following the two stages of booming and tightening supervision, Internet-based private finance is now exhibiting a slowdown in its development. Within the framework of the transaction cost theory, this study explores the motivations for and the boundaries of new business forms, and proposes that their continuous changes in the risk management mechanism, legal relations between transaction entities, and capital operation models have raised financial risks while elevating their own financial availabilities. The author then concentrates on the three core functions that stem from the functional financial theories and analyses the risks private finance has to take during its Internetization from the perspectives of capital flow and information flow. In the end, suggestions have been made from two aspects, the risk early warning and the combination of flexible and forceful supervision. The author points out that Internet-based private finance is an inevitable trend in the future. We should solve the existing problems and refrain from being held back for fear of a slight risk.
Grey Correlation Analysis on the Economic Factors of Regional Logistics in Guangdong Province
Authors: Li Weiguo , Zhong Xiaoying , Wu Xiaorong , Ye Na
Published: June 2021

Taking the regional logistics of Guangdong Province as the research object, this paper uses the relevant data of logistics and economy of Guangdong Province from 2015 to 2019, and applies the grey correlation analysis method to study the correlation degree between the relevant indicators of economic development of Guangdong Province and the development level of regional logistics. Through quantitative calculation, it clearly shows the relevant economic factors that have a greater impact on regional logistics, and provides good suggestions and Countermeasures for the healthy development of regional logistics.
Nonlinear forecasting of Freight Volume based on Elman Network Model
Authors: Meng Zhen , Zhou Huiyu
Published: June 2021

Changes in the demand for bulk cargo will have a significant impact on the industrial structure and transportation development planning, and trains and cargo ships are the main means of bulk cargo transportation. Accurately predicting the volume of bulk cargo transportation can be used to support transportation system management, such as operation planning and route selection design. This study uses the Elman model to conduct empirical analysis, predict the changing trend of bulk cargo transportation, and provide data reference for the formulation of transportation development plans.
Zheshang Bank’s “Blockchain + Supply Chain Finance” Accounts Receivable Financing Model of Research
Authors: Meng LiYuan , Du Cong
Published: June 2021

Because small and medium-sized enterprises have problems such as high operating risks and a small proportion of real estate, they are facing difficulties in financing. Commercial bank supply chain finance provides an effective way for small and medium-sized enterprises to finance, and to a certain extent solves the problem of corporate financing difficulties. However, some of its existing problems have restricted its innovation and development. The “blockchain + supply chain finance” dual-chain model has effectively overcome the shortcomings of the banking industry in developing supply chain financial services. This article takes Zheshang Bank’s accounts receivable chain platform as the research object, explores the advantages and related risks brought by the application of blockchain technology, and puts forward the optimization suggestions of Zheshang Bank’s accounts receivable chain in supply chain finance.
Zoom in the attitude-behaviour gap: low carbon travel behaviour
Authors: Jin Yingying , Yang Jingjing , Hu Jin
Published: June 2021

The concept of pro-environmental behaviour in low carbon consumption has increasingly attracted academics’ attention in the last two decades. There has been a growing interest in exploring the association between people’s travel attitude and behaviour. This study has critically reviewed, compared, and discussed some of the key theories around these research topics. However, based on the findings of the literature review, there is a dearth of research examining the association between people’s travel attitude and their actual behaviour. Therefore, this study seeks to fill the gap by examining the causal linkage between people’s attitude towards a specific travel mode and their actual travel behaviour.
Study on the influence mechanism of recycling behavior on Pro-environmental behavior
Authors: Wang Yan , She Shengxiang
Published: June 2021

The spillover effect between Pro-environmental behaviors is not enough studied, which is of great significance to understand the dynamic behavior of consumers as a whole. Based on a questionnaire survey and empirical analysis based on structural equation model, this paper reveals the spillover effect of consumer recycling behavior on Pro-environmental behavior, and examines the influence mechanism from the psychological perspective of emotion and environmental identity. The results show that recycling efforts positively affect Pro-environmental behavior through the mediating mechanism of pride and environmental identity.
Overconfidence and Generosity: An Online Experiment on Covid-19
Authors: Wang Wenqi
Published: June 2021

Under the backdrop of the pandemic of COVID-19, people have different predictions of the future condition and understanding of the current status. In this paper, findings from an online experiment show how overconfidence can play an important role in terms of decision-making of the pandemic: among the main findings from data analysis, self overconfidence significantly increases donations. Also, with the growth of age, people tend to donate more while as they advance the education level, people prefer to donate less. The results of this research can further inform policymakers on individuals’ behaviors during a negative economic shock.
Research on Influencing Factors of Tourism Income in Qinghai Province-Based on error correction model and Granger causality test
Authors: Chen Yi , Liu Jingqi , Yin Songkui
Published: June 2021

As an important growth point of Qinghai’s economic development, tourism has become increasingly prominent in its contribution to the development of the national economy and has become one of the most dynamic industries in the province. Based on the relevant data from 2001 to 2018, this paper explores the influencing factors of tourism revenue in Qinghai Province by constructing an error correction model and combining Granger causality test. The research results show that there is a significant correlation between the total number of tourist visits, per capita GDP and traffic conditions, and the growth of tourism income in Qinghai Province. Among them, every 1% increase in the total number of tourist arrivals drives an average increase of 1.566% in tourism revenue; and the short-term elasticity of tourism revenue to the total number of tourist arrivals is slightly greater than the long-term elasticity.