bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complexes of directed trees of complete multipartite graphs
Authors: Jojic Dusko
Published: November 2012

For every directed graph D we consider the complex of all directed subforests
?(D). The investigation of these complexes was started by D. Kozlov. We
generalize a result of Kozlov and prove that complexes of directed trees of
complete multipartite graphs are shellable. We determine the h-vector of
?(?Km?, n) and the homotopy type of ?(?Kn1,n2,..., nk).
Gram’s law and the argument of the Riemann zeta function
Authors: Korolev Maxim
Published: November 2012

Some new statements concerning the behavior of the argument of the Riemann
zeta function at the Gram points are proved. We apply these statements to
prove Selberg?s formulas connected with Gram?s Law.
Prosthetic therapy of the lateral facial defect
Authors: Lazic Vojkan , Djordjevic Igor
Published: November 2012

Introduction. Facial defects may arise as a result of head and neck trauma or
facial tumor ablation. Minor defects can be reconstructed surgically while
large defects usually need combined surgical and prosthetic reconstruction.
The aim of this study was to present the prosthetic reconstruction of the
lateral facial defect using facial colored acrylic prosthesis. Case Report. A
male patient with a maxillary defect on the left side and a large lateral
facial defect on the same side received an obturator prosthesis as well as a
facial colored acrylic prosthesis (facial-orbit) retained by the glasses
frame. Satisfied aesthetics was accomplished. However, the stability of the
prostheses during mandibular movements could not be achieved which resulted
in saliva leakage over the lips. Conclusion. Better functional and aesthetic
outcome could be achieved by combined surgical and prosthetic treatment of
such large facial defect.
Local narrative and outsider imagination in a Chinese landscape
Authors: Lucas Patrick
Published: November 2012

In recent years, the culturally distinctive Tunpu, a people group in southwestern China, have been reimagined by outsiders, including media, tourist companies, scholars, and especially Han Chinese from other regions in a search for perceived lost roots of Chineseness. Building upon a Tunpu narrative of migration to the region during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) period, these outsiders imagine Tunpu sociocultural alienness to be representative of ancient unchanged Ming-period character. Thus romanticized, the Tunpu become an unspoiled reservoir where an authentic national Chinese essence can be rediscovered. Through a complex process of embodied engagement with the Tunpu landscape and its objects, however, it is a class of non-Tunpu settlement that becomes celebrated by these outside actors as ideal representation of Tunpu settlement and architecture. This total process fundamentally transforms Tunpu time and place. Yet, it also interacts intricately with local knowledge, and leads to complex local responses and reappropriations of new historical elements.
Modification of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Efficiencyat Interfaces
Authors: Enderlein Jörg
Published: November 2012

We present a theoretical study on the impact of an interface on the FRET efficiency of a surface-bound acceptor-donor system. The FRET efficiency can be modified by two effects. Firstly, the donor’s electromagnetic field at the acceptor’s position is changed due to the partial reflection of the donor’s field. Secondly, both the donor’s and the acceptor’s quantum yield of fluorescence can be changed due to the interface-induced enhancement of the radiative emission rate (Purcell effect). Numerical results for a FRET-pair at a glass-water interface are given.
Comparative Analysis of End Point Enzymatic Digests of Arabino-Xylan Isolated from Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L) of Varying Maturities using LC-MSn
Authors: Bowman Michael , Dien Bruce , O'Bryan Patricia , Sarath Gautam , Cotta Michael
Published: November 2012

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L., SG) is a perennial grass presently used for forage and being developed as a bioenergy crop for conversion of cell wall carbohydrates to biofuels. Up to 50% of the cell wall associated carbohydrates are xylan. SG was analyzed for xylan structural features at variable harvest maturities. Xylan from each of three maturities was isolated using classical alkaline extraction to yield fractions (Xyl A and B) with varying compositional ratios. The Xyl B fraction was observed to decrease with plant age. Xylan samples were subsequently prepared for structure analysis by digesting with pure endo-xylanase, which preserved side-groups, or a commercial carbohydrase preparation favored for biomass conversion work. Enzymatic digestion products were successfully permethylated and analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (RP-HPLC-MSn). This method is advantageous compared to prior work on plant biomass because it avoids isolation of individual arabinoxylan oligomers. The use of RP-HPLC- MSn differentiated 14 structural oligosaccharides (d.p. 3–9) from the monocomponent enzyme digestion and nine oligosaccharide structures (d.p. 3–9) from hydrolysis with a cellulase enzyme cocktail. The distribution of arabinoxylan oligomers varied depending upon the enzyme(s) applied but did not vary with harvest maturity.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Pyrimidinone and Oxazinone Derivatives Fused with Thiophene Rings Using 2-Chloro-6-ethoxy-4-acetylpyridine as Starting Material
Authors: Hossan Aisha S. M. , Abu-Melha Hanaa M. A. , Al-Omar Mohamed A. , Amr Abd El-Galil E.
Published: November 2012

A series of pyridines, pyrimidinones, oxazinones and their derivatives were synthesized as antimicrobial agents using citrazinic acid (2,6-dihydroxyisonicotinic acid) as a starting material. α,β-Unsaturated ketones 3a–c were condensed with cyanothio-acetamide in the presence of ammonium acetate to give 2-cyanopyridinethiones 4a–c, which were reacted with ethyl chloroacetate to yield the corresponding cyano esters 5a–c. The esters 5a–c were cyclized by action of sodium methoxide to aminoesters 6a–c, which were aminolyzed with ammonia to corresponding aminoamide derivatives 7a-c. Also, the esters 6a–c were hydrolyzed with NaOH to the corresponding sodium salt 8a–c, which were treated with acetic anhydride to afford 2-methyloxazinones 9a–c. The latter compounds were treated with ammonium acetate to afford 2-methylpyrimidinones 10a–c, followed by methylation with methyl iodide to yield 2,3-dimethyl-pyrimidinones 11a–c. The antimicrobial screening showed that many of these compounds have good antibacterial and antifungal activities comparable to streptomycin and fusidic acid used as reference drugs.
Analysis of MODIS LST Compared with WRF Model and in situ Data over the Waimakariri River Basin, Canterbury, New Zealand
Authors: Sohrabinia Mohammad , Rack Wolfgang , Zawar-Reza Peyman
Published: November 2012

In this study we examine the relationship between remotely sensed, in situ and modelled land surface temperature (LST) over a heterogeneous land-cover (LC) enclosed in alpine terrain. This relationship can help to understand to what extent the remotely sensed data can be used to improve model simulations of land surface parameters such as LST in mountainous areas. LST from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS), the modelled surface skin temperature by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale numerical model and the in situ measurements of surface temperature are used in the analysis. The test-site is located in a mountain valley in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Geospatial analysis in GIS is used to relate pixels, grid-cells and points from the MODIS LST, model simulations and the in situ data, respectively. Differences between LST from MODIS, the WRF model and the in situ data are presented with respect to surface LC at different times of day. Initial results from regression analysis of the three datasets showed a goodness of fit R2 coefficient of 0:77 for the model simulations and 0:35 for the MODIS LST. These values improved significantly when time-lags were considered and the few outliers were removed, giving R2 values of 0:80 for the model and 0:73 for the MODIS LST. These results show that the WRF model correlates better with the in situ measurements over various LC types in this region compared with the MODIS LST. Longer time-series, however, are required to draw more robust conclusions about the applicability of the MODIS LST product for improving WRF simulations over alpine complex terrain.
Secure Two-Party Association Rule Mining Based on One-Pass FP-Tree
Authors: Kaosar Golam , Yi Xun
Published: November 2012

Frequent Path tree (FP-tree) is a popular method to compute association rules and is faster than Apriori-based solutions in some cases. Association rule mining using FP-tree method cannot ensure entire privacy since frequency of the itemsets are required to share among participants at the first stage. Moreover, FP-tree method requires two scans of database transactions which may not be the best solution if the database is very large or the database server does not allow multiple scans. In addition, one-pass FP-tree can accommodate continuous or periodically changing databases without restarting the process as opposed to a regular FP-tree based solution. In this paper, the authors propose a one-pass FP-tree method to perform association rule mining without compromising any data privacy among two parties. A fully homomorphic encryption system over integer numbers is applied to ensure secure computation among two data sites without disclosing any number belongs to themselves.
A Mark-Up Language for the Specification of Information Security Governance Requirements
Authors: Sengupta Anirban , Mazumdar Chandan
Published: November 2012

As enterprises become dependent on information systems, the need for effective Information Security Governance (ISG) assumes significance. ISG manages risks relating to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information, and its supporting processes and systems, in an enterprise. Even a medium-sized enterprise contains a huge collection of information and other assets. Moreover, risks evolve rapidly in today’s connected digital world. Therefore, the proper implementation of ISG requires automation of the various monitoring, analysis, and control processes. This can be best achieved by representing information security requirements of an enterprise in a standard, structured format. This paper presents such a structured format in the form of Enterprise Security Requirement Markup Language (ESRML) Version 2.0. It is an XML-based language that considers the elements of ISO 27002 best practices.
Design and Implementation of a Zero-Knowledge Authentication Framework for Java Card
Authors: Patel Ahmed , Kalajdzic Kenan , Golafshan Laleh , Taghavi Mona
Published: November 2012

Zero-knowledge authentication protocols are an alternative to authentication protocols based on public key cryptography. Low processing and memory consumption make them especially suitable for implementation in smart card microprocessors, which are severely limited in processing power and memory space. This paper describes a design and implementation of a software library providing smart card application developers with a reliable authentication mechanism based on well-known zero-knowledge authentication schemes. Java Card is used as the target smart card platform implementation based on the evaluation of the Fiat-Shamir (F-S) and Guillou-Quisquater (G-Q) protocols under various performance criteria are presented to show the effectiveness of the implementation and that G-Q is a more efficient protocol.
Sparse Based Image Classification With Bag-of-Visual-Words Representations
Authors: Zuo Yuanyuan , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2012

The sparse representation based classification algorithm has been used to solve the problem of human face recognition, but the image database is restricted to human frontal faces with only slight illumination and expression changes. This paper applies the sparse representation based algorithm to the problem of generic image classification, with a certain degree of intra-class variations and background clutter. Experiments are conducted with the sparse representation based algorithm and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers on 25 object categories selected from the Caltech101 dataset. Experimental results show that without the time-consuming parameter optimization, the sparse representation based algorithm achieves comparable performance with SVM. The experiments also demonstrate that the algorithm is robust to a certain degree of background clutter and intra-class variations with the bag-of-visual-words representations. The sparse representation based algorithm can also be applied to generic image classification task when the appropriate image feature is used.
Inconsistency-Induced Learning for Perpetual Learners
Authors: Zhang Du , Lu Meiliu
Published: November 2012

One of the long-term research goals in machine learning is how to build never-ending learners. The state-of-the-practice in the field of machine learning thus far is still dominated by the one-time learner paradigm: some learning algorithm is utilized on data sets to produce certain model or target function, and then the learner is put away and the model or function is put to work. Such a learn-once-apply-next (or LOAN) approach may not be adequate in dealing with many real world problems and is in sharp contrast with the human’s lifelong learning process. On the other hand, learning can often be brought on through overcoming some inconsistent circumstances. This paper proposes a framework for perpetual learning agents that are capable of continuously refining or augmenting their knowledge through overcoming inconsistencies encountered during their problem-solving episodes. The never-ending nature of a perpetual learning agent is embodied in the framework as the agent’s continuous inconsistency-induced belief revision process. The framework hinges on the agents recognizing inconsistency in data, information, knowledge, or meta-knowledge, identifying the cause of inconsistency, revising or augmenting beliefs to explain, resolve, or accommodate inconsistency. The authors believe that inconsistency can serve as one of the important learning stimuli toward building perpetual learning agents that incrementally improve their performance over time.
The Formal Design Model of a File Management System (FMS)
Authors: Wang Yingxu , Ngolah Cyprian F. , Tan Xinming , Tian Yousheng , Sheu Phillip C.Y.
Published: November 2012

Files are a typical abstract data type for data objects and software modeling, which provides a standard encapsulation and access interface for manipulating large-volume information and persistent data. File management systems are an indispensable component of operating systems and real-time systems for file manipulations. This paper develops a comprehensive design pattern of files and a File Management System (FMS). A rigorous denotational mathematics, Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA), is adopted, which allows both architectural and behavioral models of files and FMS to be rigorously designed and implemented in a top-down approach. The conceptual model, architectural model, and the static/dynamic behavioral models of files and FMS are systematically presented. This work has been applied in the design and modeling of a real-time operating system (RTOS+).
Petri Nets and Discrete Events Systems
Authors: Guirao Juan L. G. , Pelayo Fernando L.
Published: November 2012

This paper provides an overview over the relationship between Petri Nets and Discrete Event Systems as they have been proved as key factors in the cognitive processes of perception and memorization. In this sense, different aspects of encoding Petri Nets as Discrete Dynamical Systems that try to advance not only in the problem of reachability but also in the one of describing the periodicity of markings and their similarity, are revised. It is also provided a metric for the case of Non-bounded Petri Nets.
The Formal Design Models of a Universal Array (UA) and its Implementation
Authors: Wang Yingxu , Huang Jason , Lei Jingsheng
Published: November 2012

Arrays are one of the most fundamental and widely applied data structures, which are useful for modeling both logical designs and physical implementations of multi-dimensional data objects sharing the same type of homogeneous elements. However, there is a lack of a formal model of the universal array based on it any array instance can be derived. This paper studies the fundamental properties of Universal Array (UA) and presents a comprehensive design pattern. A denotational mathematics, Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA), allows both architectural and behavioral models of UA to be rigorously designed and refined in a top-down approach. The conceptual model of UA is rigorously described by tuple- and matrix-based mathematical models. The architectural models of UA are created using RTPA architectural modeling methodologies known as the Unified Data Models (UDMs). The physical model of UA is implemented using linear list that is indexed by an offset pointer of elements. The behavioral models of UA are specified and refined by a set of Unified Process Models (UPMs). As a case study, the formal UA models are implemented in Java. This work has been applied in a number of real-time and nonreal-time systems such as compilers, a file management system, the real-time operating system (RTOS+), and the ADT library for an RTPA-based automatic code generation tool.
Sitting Posture Recognition and Location Estimation for Human-Aware Environment
Authors: Manabe Yusuke , Sugawara Kenji
Published: November 2012

Realization of human-computer symbiosis is an important idea in the context of ubiquitous computing. Symbiotic Computing is a concept that bridges the gap between situations in Real Space (RS) and data in Digital Space (DS). The main purpose is to develop an intelligent software application as well as establish the next generation information platform to develop the symbiotic system. In this paper, the authors argue that it is necessary to build ’Mutual Cognition’ between human and system. Mutual cognition consists of two functions: ’RS Cognition’ and ’DS Cognition’. This paper examines RS Cognition, which consists of many software functions for perceiving various situations like events or humans’ activities in RS. The authors develop two perceptual functions, sitting posture recognition and human’s location estimation for a person, as RS perception tasks. In the resulting experiments, developed functions are quite competent to recognize a human’s activities.
An Alternative for Trajectory Tracking in Mobile Robots Applying Differential Flatness
Authors: Díaz Elkin Yesid Veslin , Slama Jules G. , Dutra Max Suell , Pérez Omar Lengerke , Acuña Hernán Gonzalez
Published: November 2012

One solution for trajectory tracking in a non-holonomic vehicle, like a mobile robot, is proposed in this chapter. Using the boundary values, a desired route is converted into a polynomial using a point-to-point algorithm. With the properties of Differential Flatness, the system is driven along this route, finding the necessary input values so that the system can perform the desired movement.
Wired for Warmth
Authors: Singer Alan E.
Published: November 2012

An aspect of the relationship between philosophy and computer engineering is considered, with particular emphasis upon the design of artificial moral agents. Top-down vs. bottom-up approaches to ethical behavior are discussed, followed by an overview of some of the ways in which traditional ethics has informed robotics. Two macro-trends are then identified, one involving the evolution of moral consciousness in man and machine, the other involving the fading away of the boundary between the real and the virtual.
A Performance Evaluation of the Coverage Configuration Protocol Under Location Errors, Irregular Sensing Patterns, and a Noisy Channel
Authors: Dhraief Amine , Mahjri Imen , Belghith Abdelfettah
Published: November 2012

Area coverage problem is one of the key issues to prolong a wireless sensor network lifetime. It is based on selecting as few active nodes as possible from all deployed nodes while maintaining sufficient sensing coverage of the monitored region. Several area coverage protocols have been proposed, most of them assume the availability of accurate information about node locations and sensing ranges. Relaxing these conservative assumptions might impact the performance of area coverage protocols. In this paper, the authors study the impact of location errors, irregular sensing ranges and packet losses on the coverage configuration protocol. They focus more precisely on their impact on the number of selected active nodes, the coverage ratio and the total consumed energy.
Managing Privacy and Effectiveness of Patient-Administered Authorization Policies
Authors: Trojer Thomas , Katt Basel , Breu Ruth , Schabetsberger Thomas , Mair Richard
Published: November 2012

A central building block of data privacy is the individual right of information self-determination. Following from that when dealing with shared electronic health records (SEHR), citizens, as the identified individuals of such records, have to be enabled to decide what medical data can be used in which way by medical professionals. In this context individual preferences of privacy have to be reflected by authorization policies to control access to personal health data. There are two potential challenges when enabling patient-controlled access control policy authoring: First, an ordinary citizen neither can be considered a security expert, nor does she or he have the expertise to fully understand typical activities and workflows within the health-care domain. Thus, a citizen is not necessarily aware of implications her or his access control settings have with regards to the protection of personal health data. Both privacy of citizen’s health-data and the overall effectiveness of a health-care information system are at risk if inadequate access control settings are in place. This paper refers to scenarios of a case study previously conducted and shows how privacy and information system effectiveness can be defined and evaluated in the context of SEHR. The paper describes an access control policy analysis method which evaluates a patient-administered access control policy by considering the mentioned evaluation criteria.
The Value Creation of B2B2C E-Business Mode based on SaaS
Authors: Zhao Li , Guo Shouting
Published: November 2012

Due to the disadvantage of enterprise information construction in B2B and B2C business models, companies cannot keep up with immediate information in developing customer service, inventory management, and customer web front-end experience. Based on the SaaS information service concept, this paper solves business problems in information technology for introducing the integrated B2B2C E-business mode. To achieve participants’ utility optimization, the business processes based on value chain has been restructured, which reduces the transaction cost by information sharing. SaaS operators provide the professional value added services, including core services, forms services and extensive services.
On an Enhancement of XML Applied for Mobile E-Commerce
Authors: Zhu Xiaomin , He Zhongxiang , Shi Shengbo
Published: November 2012

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a textual markup language which becomes more and more important in the Internet web service. However, some distinct disadvantages exist in XML, such as its nature of redundancy, which consumes the limited network’s bandwidth greatly especially in mobile computing. Considering the characteristics of the mobile commerce, the handsets’ memory capability and data processing time are two problems for XML being applied. This paper studies an enhancement of XML for the purpose of application in mobile e-commerce, called SXML, which means Simple XML to enhance the XML used in mobile web service. It helps XML producers minimizing the size effects of XML, e.g., the size overhead and slow implementation speed. Comprehensive simulations show that the SXML could reduce the size of XML documents and reduce the time of implementation, consequently utilize the bandwidth effectively.
ASME Evaluation on Grid Mobile E-Commerce Process
Authors: Chang Dan , Liao Wei
Published: November 2012

With the development of E-commerce, more scholars have paid attention to research on Mobile E-commerce and mostly focus on the optimization and evaluation of existing process. This paper researches the evaluation of Mobile E-commerce process with a method called ASME. Based on combing and analyzing current mobile business process and utilizing the grid management theory, mobile business process based on grid are constructed. Firstly, the existing process, namely Non-grid Mobile E-commerce, and the Grid Mobile E-commerce process are ordered. Secondly, the evaluation system with ASME is formed. Thirdly, the benefits of the Grid Mobile E-commerce process are presented. This paper provides a new way to evaluate Mobile E-commerce.
On the Applicability of Speaker Diarization to Audio Indexing of Non-Speech and Mixed Non-Speech/Speech Video Soundtracks
Authors: Mertens Robert , Huang Po-Sen , Gottlieb Luke , Friedland Gerald , Divakaran Ajay , Hasegawa-Johnson Mark
Published: November 2012

A video’s soundtrack is usually highly correlated to its content. Hence, audio-based techniques have recently emerged as a means for video concept detection complementary to visual analysis. Most state-of-the-art approaches rely on manual definition of predefined sound concepts such as “ngine sounds,” “utdoor/indoor sounds.” These approaches come with three major drawbacks: manual definitions do not scale as they are highly domain-dependent, manual definitions are highly subjective with respect to annotators and a large part of the audio content is omitted since the predefined concepts are usually found only in a fraction of the soundtrack. This paper explores how unsupervised audio segmentation systems like speaker diarization can be adapted to automatically identify low-level sound concepts similar to annotator defined concepts and how these concepts can be used for audio indexing. Speaker diarization systems are designed to answer the question “ho spoke when?”by finding segments in an audio stream that exhibit similar properties in feature space, i.e., sound similar. Using a diarization system, all the content of an audio file is analyzed and similar sounds are clustered. This article provides an in-depth analysis on the statistic properties of similar acoustic segments identified by the diarization system in a predefined document set and the theoretical fitness of this approach to discern one document class from another. It also discusses how diarization can be tuned in order to better reflect the acoustic properties of general sounds as opposed to speech and introduces a proof-of-concept system for multimedia event classification working with diarization-based indexing.
An Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm Based on Quotient Space Theory
Authors: Chi Yuhong , Sun Fuchun , Wang Weijun , Yu Chunming
Published: November 2012

To control the swarm to fly inside the limited search space and deal with the problems of slow search speed and premature convergence in particle swarm optimization algorithm, the authors applied the theory of topology, and proposed a novel quotient space-based boundary condition named QsaBC by using the properties of quotient space and homeomorphism in this paper. In QsaBC, Search space-zoomed factor and Attractor factor are introduced according to analyzing the dynamic behavior and stability of particles, which not only reduce the subjective interference and enforce the capability of global search, but also enhance the power of local search and escaping from an inferior local optimum. Four CEC’2008 benchmark functions were selected to evaluate the performance of QsaBC. Comparative experiments show that QsaBC can get the satisfactory optimization solution with fast convergence speed. Furthermore, QsaBC is more effective to do with errant particles, easier to calculate and has better robustness than other experienced methods.
Image Retrieval based on HSV Feature and Regional Shannon Entropy
Authors: Lei Liang , Peng Jun , Yang Bo
Published: November 2012

How to quickly retrieve the image is a very action research topic in the research of image retrieval based on Web. This paper focuses on dimensionality reduction and similarity measure of Web image. First, the paper presents the current commercial search engines how to look for Web images. Then, it describes commonly used methods of the dimension reduction for Web images, followed by proposing the conversion from RGB to HSV and dominant color extraction algorithm based on HSV features, where the HSV color histogram intersection was used as the function of similarity judgments. And the similarity measure based on regional Shannon entropy is discussed. Finally, some improvements are made on computing the regional Shannon mutual information. The experiments and results, which based on FERET database, MIT face database and Corel database, showed that this method has greatly improved the image retrieval in time and precision rates.
Action Research in Virtual Communities
Authors: Boaduo Nana Adu-Pipim
Published: November 2012

Contextually, all tertiary institutions have four major responsibilities – teaching, research, publication, and community service. The adage “publish or perish” has become a thorn in the flesh of many university academic staff who rest on their laurels and do nothing about research, publication, and community engagement. Practising university academic staff are required by the nature of their profession to engage in regular research be it in their daily lecturing and supervision of students’ research thesis or writing for publication. Currently, research has become the buzz-word in all tertiary institutions but not all of them take the pains to school academic staff in the practice of research in terms of the virtual communities where the institution is located. In the context of this paper, the author looks at action research through the eyes of teachers of all categories in virtual communities and how their involvement can complement successful social networking. The approaches used in this discussion are purely from empirical and exploratory perspectives and provide detailed discussion with emphasis on the application of action research for effective and efficient social networking considering the social, cultural, organizational and human cognitive perspectives.
Complications of Untreated Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in a 12-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Bhaskar Shubha Arehalli , Hegde Sapna
Published: November 2012

Complications arising because of untreated molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) have received little mention in the dental literature. However, this can be an area of concern, with severe consequences in rare cases. Hence, early recognition and prompt management of MIH is essential for long-term oral health of affected individuals. This paper describes an untreated case of severe MIH that resulted in infection of facial spaces.
Promethean Rebellion in Ray Bradbury's "Fahrenheit 451": The Protagonist's Quest
Authors: Feneja Fernanda Luísa
Published: November 2012

The article aims to reflect on the role of the myth in science fiction narrative, namely on the specific forms it may take in utopian/dystopian fiction, such as Fahrenheit 451 (1953) by Ray Bradbury. The personal development of the main character, Guy Montag, constitutes the focus of this analysis, by which we aim to shed some light on the relation between the meaning of the novel and the Promethean features he evinces in the context of a dystropian novel. The symbolic power of fire and of books is also of core relevance to this study, not only because the highlight the hero's inheritance of the Promethean myth, but also because the provide a deeper insight into exegetic possibilities of dystopsian fiction
The Refiguration of Body and Soul: Time and Narrative in C.S. Lewis's Retelling of the Cupid and Psyche Myth
Authors: Lukens Matthew
Published: November 2012

This paper presents a reading of C.S. Lewis’s Till We Have Faces: A Myth Retold in light of Mikhail Bakhtin and Paul Ricoeur’s analysis of time’s role in transformation. I will focus on the narrative dynamics Lewis achieves by incorporating the temporal into the fabric of his narrative. This approach to temporality contrasts markedly with his source material, Apuleius’ Metamorphoses or the Golden Ass, which ultimately appears to transcend time and therefore transformation by novel’s end. I finish my analysis by arguing that as Lewis moves from his protagonist, Orual's, initial retelling to embracing a more limited version of the myth, instead of the disruptive force it is for Apuleius, the temporal becomes a generative force, transforming and renewing Lewis’s narrative along the lines of Ricoeur’s paradigm of prefiguration, configuration, and refiguration.
Business Benefits from the Virtualization of an ICT Infrastructure
Authors: Pogarcic Ivan , Krnjak David , Ozanic Davor
Published: November 2012

Virtualization is a technique that may be encountered in all parts of an ICT infrastructure. The benefits of virtualization for an infrastructure are recognized by a growing number of companies. In this way, virtualization creates prerequisites for the further improvement of the entire information system. Another reason is the growing awareness of environmental issues at the global level, which has become a large external sponsor of this technology. While virtualization technology has been known about for several decades, its hay day is yet to come. In the following years many jobs will be create because of it, from the user desktop and notebook computers, to the server in all businesses. This article examines the impact of virtualization in business enterprises, with emphasis on infrastructure costs and improved business functions. It points to the large savings that can occur even in medium-sized enterprises. Claims are verifiable quantitative indicators, particularly in the procurement of equipment. It also demonstrates the benefits of virtualization while performing everyday tasks that take place within the IT department. We discuss the correlation of increased flexibility and convenience, and agile response to market demands, while reducing capital and operating costs, and increasing the competitiveness of companies in the market.
Kinematics and Dynamics of a New 16 DOF Humanoid Biped Robot with Active Toe Joint
Authors: Hernández-Santos C. , Rodriguez-Leal E. , Soto R. , Gordillo J.L.
Published: November 2012

Humanoid biped robots are typically complex in design, having numerous Degrees-of-Freedom (DOF) due to the ambitious goal of mimicking the human gait. The paper proposes a new architecture for a biped robot with seven DOF per each leg and one DOF corresponding to the toe joint. Furthermore, this work presents close equations for the forward and inverse kinematics by dividing the walking gait into the Sagittal and Frontal planes. This paper explains the mathematical model of the dynamics equations for the legs into the Sagittal and Frontal planes by further applying the principle of Lagrangian dynamics. Finally, a control approach using a PD control law with gravity compensation was recurred in order to control the desired trajectories and finding the required torque by the joints. The paper contains several simulations and numerical examples to prove the analytical results, using SimMechanics of MATLAB toolbox and SolidWorks to verify the analytical results.
Strong Magnetic Units for a Wind Power Tower Inspection and Maintenance Robot
Authors: Gao Xueshan , Shao Jie , Dai Fuquan , Zong Chengguo , Guo Wenzeng , Bai Yang
Published: November 2012

For developing a climbing robot which is used to inspect and maintain a wind power tower, the magnetic unit is one of the key components. Based on analysis of the working conditions of the robot, the approach in this paper is to use four common kinds of magnetic units for adapting to the conical surface. The magnetic circuit of these units is given by theory analysis and is simulated using ANSYS. Moreover, the magnetic force is analysed in detail and the results prove that the magnetic force is greatly influenced by the gap between the unit and the wall surface. In this paper, the design procedures and selection criteria based on the analytical results are given. Meanwhile, these units are compared with each other with the aid of ANSYS. From the results of this comparison, it can be ascertained that the unit using Installation C has the better performance. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the magnetic unit using Installation C is verified by a prototype. The simulations and experiments show that the magnetic unit can allow the robot to keep in contact with the conical wall surface as well as the plane wall surface.
Sternoclavicular Joint Infection: Classification of Resection Defects and Reconstructive Algorithm
Authors: Joethy Janna , Lim Chong Hee , Koong Heng Nung , Tan Bien-Keem
Published: November 2012

Background Aggressive treatment of sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) infection involves systemic antibiotics, surgical drainage and resection if indicated. The purpose of this paper is to describe a classification of post resectional SCJ defects and highlight our reconstructive algorithm. Defects were classified into A, where closure was possible often with the aid of topical negative pressure dressing; B, where parts of the manubrium, calvicular head, and first rib were excised; and C, where both clavicular, first ribs and most of the manubrium were resected.

Methods Twelve patients (age range, 42 to 72 years) over the last 8 years underwent reconstruction after SCJ infection. There was 1 case of a type A defect, 10 type B defects, and 1 type C defect. Reconstruction was performed using the pectoralis major flap in 6 cases (50%), the latissimus dorsi flap in 4 cases (33%), secondary closure in 1 case and; the latissimus and the rectus flap in 1 case.

Results All wounds healed uneventfully with no flap failure. Nine patients had good shoulder motion. Three patients with extensive clavicular resection had restricted shoulder abduction and were unable to abduct their arm past 90°. Internal and external rotation were not affected.

Conclusions We highlight our reconstructive algorithm which is summarised as follows: for an isolated type B SCJ defect we recommend the ipsilateral pectoralis major muscle for closure. For a type C bilateral defect, we suggest the latissimum dorsi flap. In cases of extensive infection where the thoracoacromial and internal mammary vessels are thrombosed, the pectoralis major and rectus abdominus cannot be used; and the latissimus dorsi flap is chosen.
Sample Preparation, Data Collection, and Preliminary Data Analysis in Biomolecular Solution X‐Ray Scattering
Authors: Grishaev Alexander
Published: November 2012

In addition to the classic methods of structural biology—X‐ray crystallography and NMR—solution X‐ray scattering (SAXS) is playing an increasingly important role in structural investigation of biological macromolecules. However, the simultaneous ease of SAXS data collection and sophistication of its data analysis tools can present challenges to the investigator. Any sample, whether pure or contaminated, whether monodisperse or polydisperse, will yield scattering data, and it is up to the user to ensure the absence of artifacts and to choose a proper structural modeling strategy. This unit discusses experimental aspects of X‐ray solution scattering, including sample preparation and data collection, as well as the steps in data processing and preliminary analysis required to ensure the absence of artifacts. The goal is to summarize everything than can go wrong with SAXS data measurement so the user can have confidence in the data before undertaking structural modeling. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 70:17.14.1‐17.14.18. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Orientation Processes
Authors: White James L. , Cakmak Mukerrem
Published: November 2012

This article details uniaxial and biaxial orientation processes in films, fibers and moldings.
Scattering
Authors: Gabrys Barbara , Tomlins Paul E.
Published: November 2012

Scattering experiments on polymer systems can provide not only important structural information, but also their dynamics. In this article we overview the theoretical and practical aspects of scattering applied for elastic/inelastic and coherent/incoherent cases. Details about X‐ray, neutron and light scattering instrumentation, (such as diffractometers for elastic scattering and spectrometers for inelastic scattering), sample geometry, correlation functions, and data treatment are presented. We conclude with examples showing representative scattering techniques used to characterize polymers conformation, phase size, and chain motion.
Direct Synthesis of Periodic Mesoporous SilicoBoron CarboNitride Frameworks via the Nanocasting from Ordered Mesoporous Silica with Boron‐Modified Polycarbosilazane
Authors: Bernard Samuel , Majoulet Olivier , Sandra Fabien , Malchere Annie , Miele Philippe
Published: November 2012

Periodic mesoporous SilicoBoron CarboNitride (Si3.0B1.0C3.9N1.8) frameworks with p6mm hexagonal symmetry are prepared by a direct nanocasting process of ordered mesoporous silica. After a double infiltration/thermal cross‐linking cycle with a boron‐modified polycarbosilazane (BmPS) of the type [B(C2H4SiCH3NH)3]n (C2H4=CHCH3, CH2CH2), the derived BmPS confined in the porous structure of the periodic mesoporous silica template is subjected to a thermal process up to 1000 °C under N2 to be converted into the Si/B/C/N phase. A short chemical etching with dilute HF eliminates the silica template, which results in the formation of an open, continuous and highly ordered 2D hexagonal Si3.0B1.0C3.9N1.8 framework as demonstrated by EDX, LA‐XRD, and HRTEM analyses. The highly ordered mesoporous Si3.0B1.0C3.9N1.8 ceramic displays a specific surface area of 337 m2 g−1, a high pore volume (0.55 cm3 g−1) and a narrow pore‐size distribution centered on 4.6 nm by N2 sorption with an amorphous network remaining stable during continuous heat‐treatment to 1400 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Measurement of an Iso‐Curie Temperature Line of a CoCrMo Solid Solution by Magnetic Force Microscopy Imaging on a Diffusion Multiple
Authors: Zhao Ji‐Cheng , Xu Yunhui , Hartmann Uwe
Published: November 2012

The 24 °C iso‐Curie temperature line of a CoCrMo fcc solid solution is obtained by performing magnetic force microscopy (MFM) imaging on solid solution compositions created in a diffusion multiple. The MFM imaging clearly reveals the boundary that separates the paramagnetic region without magnetic domains from the ferromagnetic region with domains. Compositional analysis along the boundary yields a constant Curie temperature (24 °C) composition line. Such a measurement is more efficient than one‐alloy‐at‐a‐time tests and can be used to screen new ferromagnetic materials.
Strong Spin‐Lattice Coupling Through Oxygen Octahedral Rotation in Divalent Europium Perovskites
Authors: Akamatsu Hirofumi , Kumagai Yu , Oba Fumiyasu , Fujita Koji , Tanaka Katsuhisa , Tanaka Isao
Published: November 2012

First‐principles calculations reveal that in divalent europium perovskites EuMO3 (M = Ti, Zr, and Hf), antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions via nd states of the B‐site M cations (n = 3, 4, and 5, respectively) are enhanced by rotations of the MO6 octahedra. The octahedral rotations involved in a structural change from cubic $ Pm{\bar 3}m $ to orthorhombic Pbnm structures not only reduce energy gaps between the Eu 4f and M nd bands but also point the M nd orbitals at the Eu sites, leading to a significant overlap between the M nd and Eu 4f orbitals. These results reveal that the octahedral rotations are indispensable for antiferromagnetic ordering observed for EuZrO3 and EuHfO3, and put these perovskites into a class of materials exhibiting a novel type of strong coupling between their magnetism and octahedral rotations.
New Horizons for Diagnostics and Therapeutic Applications of Graphene and Graphene Oxide
Authors: Feng Lingyan , Wu Li , Qu Xiaogang
Published: November 2012

Graphene, a one‐atom‐thick two‐dimensional (2D) layer of sp2‐bonded carbon, has received worldwide attention owing to its extraordinary physical and chemical properties. Recently, great efforts have been devoted to explore potential applications of graphene and its oxide in life science, especially in disease‐related diagnostics, near‐Infrared (NIR) phototherapy and imaging. Here we will introduce recent advances and new horizons in this area, and focus on the rising progress on NIR photothermal therapy for cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD), human telomerase detection, stem cell proliferation and differentiation on graphene substrate, diagnosis of cancer cell and related biomarkers, drug/nucleotide/peptide delivery and cell imaging, which have not been comprehensively reviewed. We hope to provide an outlook to the applications of graphene and its oxide, especially on the new horizons in this field, and inspire broader interests across various disciplines.
Synthesis of poly(oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate)‐functionalized membranes for thermally controlled drug delivery
Authors: Teixeira Francisco , Popa Ana Maria , Guimond Sébastien , Hegemann Dirk , Rossi René M.
Published: November 2012

In this work a robust method for grafting thermoresponsive poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylates) (pOEGMA) macromolecules from polymeric porous membranes and silicon surfaces is presented. Hydrophilic track‐etched polyester (PETE) membranes with submicrometer pore sizes and silicon dies were submitted to a plasma treatment, which successfully allowed the introduction of anchoring groups and further grafting of the initiator on the surface. The surface‐initiated polymerization of OEGMA was carried out by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), yielding dense polymer brushes. Moreover, the temperature‐controlled transport of caffeine through the functionalized membranes was demonstrated and the influence of the pore morphology and immobilized polymer layer thickness on the permeation profile was investigated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Preparation of oligo‐N‐isopropylacrylamide brushes with OH and COOH end‐groups via surface‐initiated NMP
Authors: Cimen Dilek , Caykara Tuncer
Published: November 2012

Functional brushes have recently emerged as an extremely versatile way to modify surface properties in a robust and controlled way. In this study, well‐defined, high density oligo‐N‐isopropylacrylamide (oligoNIPAM) brushes with OH and COOH end‐groups were fabricated through a reliable strategy by the combination of the self‐assembly of bimolecular macroazoinitiator on silicon surface and surface‐initiated nitroxide mediated polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide in the presence of chain transfer agent (i.e., 2‐mercaptoethanol or 3‐mercaptopropionic acid). The living polymerization produced silicon substrate‐coated with functional oligoNIPAM with a target molecular weight and a grafting density as high as 8.14 chains nm−2. The functional oligoNIPAM brushes can be employed for the adsorption of biomacromolecules such as DNA and proteins. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013