bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description and validation of the Simple, Efficient, Dynamic, Global, Ecological Simulator (SEDGES v.1.0)
Authors: Paiewonsky Pablo , Elison Timm Oliver
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we present a
simple dynamic global vegetation model whose primary intended use is
auxiliary to the land–atmosphere coupling scheme of a climate model,
particularly one of intermediate complexity. The model simulates and provides
important ecological-only variables but also some hydrological and surface
energy variables that are typically either simulated by land surface schemes
or else used as boundary data input for these schemes. The model formulations
and their derivations are presented here, in detail. The model includes some
realistic and useful features for its level of complexity, including a
photosynthetic dependency on light, full coupling of photosynthesis and
transpiration through an interactive canopy resistance, and a soil organic
carbon dependence for bare-soil albedo. We evaluate the model's performance
by running it as part of a simple land surface scheme that is driven by
reanalysis data. The evaluation against observational data includes net
primary productivity, leaf area index, surface albedo, and diagnosed
variables relevant for the closure of the hydrological cycle. In this setup,
we find that the model gives an adequate to good simulation of basic
large-scale ecological and hydrological variables. Of the variables analyzed
in this paper, gross primary productivity is particularly well simulated. The
results also reveal the current limitations of the model. The most
significant deficiency is the excessive simulation of evapotranspiration in
mid- to high northern latitudes during their winter to spring transition. The
model has a relative advantage in situations that require some combination of
computational efficiency, model transparency and tractability, and the
simulation of the large-scale vegetation and land surface characteristics
under non-present-day conditions.
The influence of long-term changes in canopy structure on rainfall interception loss: a case study in Speulderbos, the Netherlands
Authors: Cisneros Vaca César , van der Tol Christiaan , Prasad Ghimire Chandra
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The evaporation of intercepted water by forests is a significant contributor to both the water and energy budget of the Earth. In many studies, a discrepancy in the water and energy budget is found: the energy that is needed for evaporation is larger than the available energy supplied by net radiation. In this study, we analyse the water and energy budget of a mature Douglas-fir stand in the Netherlands, for the two growing seasons of 2015 and 2016. Based on the wet-canopy water balance equation for these two growing seasons, derived interception losses were estimated to be 37 % and 39 % of gross rainfall, respectively. We further scrutinized eddy covariance energy balance data from these two consecutive growing seasons and found the average evaporation rate during wet canopy conditions was 0.20 mm h−1. The source of energy for this wet-canopy evaporation was net radiation (35 %), a negative sensible heat flux (45 %) and a negative energy storage change (15 %). This confirms that the energy for wet-canopy evaporation is extracted from the biomass as well as the atmosphere. Moreover, the measured interception loss at the forest was similar to that measured at the same site years before (I = 38 %), when the forest was younger (29 years old, vs 55 years old in 2015). At that time, the forest was denser and had a higher canopy storage capacity (2.4 mm then vs 1.90 mm in 2015), but the aerodynamic conductance was lower (0.065 m s−1 then vs 0.105 m s−1 in 2015), and therefore past evaporation rates were lower than evaporation rates found in the present study (0.077 mm h−1 vs 0.20 mm h−1 in 2015). Our findings emphasize the importance of quantifying downward sensible heat flux and heat release from canopy biomass in tall forest in order to improve the quantification of evaporative fluxes in wet canopies.
Forest harvesting impacts on micrometeorological conditions and
sediment transport activities in a humid periglacial environment
Authors: Imaizumi Fumitoshi , Nishii Ryoko , Ueno Kenichi , Kurobe Kousei
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Sediment transport activities in the periglacial environment are controlled by hillslopes micrometeorological conditions (i.e., air and ground temperatures, ground water content), which are highly affected by vegetation cover. Thus, there is a possibility that forest harvesting, which is the most dramatic change to vegetation cover in mountain areas, may severely impact sediment transport activities in periglacial areas (i.e., soil creep, dry ravel). Knowledge of the effects of forest harvesting on sediment transport are needed to protect aquatic ecosystems as well as to develop better mitigation measures for preventing sediment disasters. In this study, we investigated changes in sediment transport activities following forest harvesting in steep artificial forests located in a humid periglacial area of the Southern Japanese Alps. In the Southern Japanese Alps, rainfall is abundant in summer and autumn, and air temperatures frequently rise above and fall below 0 degrees in the winter. Our monitoring by time laps cameras revealed that gravitational transport processes (e.g., frost creep and dry ravel) dominate during the freeze-thaw season, while rainfall-induced processes (surface erosion and soil creep) occur during heavy rainfall seasons. Removal of the forest canopy by forest harvesting alters the type of winter soil creep from deeper frost creep to diurnal needle-ice creep. Winter creep velocity of the ground surface sediment in the harvested site was significantly higher than that in the non-harvested site. Meanwhile, sediment flux on the hillslopes observed by sediment traps decreased in the harvested site. Branches of harvested trees left on the hillslopes captured sediment coming from upslope. In addition, the growth of understories after harvesting possibly reduced surface erosion. Consequently, removal of the forest canopy by forest harvesting directly impacts micrometeorological conditions and periglacial sediment transport activity, while sediment flux on hillslopes is also affected by branches left on the hillslopes and recovery of understories.
Hydraulic characterisation of iron-oxide-coated sand and gravel based on nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation mode analyses
Authors: Costabel Stephan , Weidner Christoph , Müller-Petke Mike , Houben Georg
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The capability of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
relaxometry to characterise hydraulic properties of iron-oxide-coated sand
and gravel was evaluated in a laboratory study. Past studies have shown that
the presence of paramagnetic iron oxides and large pores in
coarse sand and gravel disturbs the otherwise linear relationship between
relaxation time and pore size. Consequently, the commonly applied empirical
approaches fail when deriving hydraulic quantities from NMR parameters.
Recent research demonstrates that higher relaxation modes must be taken into
account to relate the size of a large pore to its NMR relaxation behaviour
in the presence of significant paramagnetic impurities at its pore wall. We
performed NMR relaxation experiments with water-saturated natural and
reworked sands and gravels, coated with natural and synthetic ferric oxides
(goethite, ferrihydrite), and show that the impact of the higher relaxation
modes increases significantly with increasing iron content. Since the
investigated materials exhibit narrow pore size distributions, and can thus
be described by a virtual bundle of capillaries with identical apparent pore
radius, recently presented inversion approaches allow for estimation of a
unique solution yielding the apparent capillary radius from the NMR data. We
found the NMR-based apparent radii to correspond well to the effective
hydraulic radii estimated from the grain size distributions of the samples
for the entire range of observed iron contents. Consequently, they can be
used to estimate the hydraulic conductivity using the well-known
Kozeny–Carman equation without any calibration that is otherwise necessary
when predicting hydraulic conductivities from NMR data. Our future research
will focus on the development of relaxation time models that consider pore size distributions. Furthermore, we plan to establish a
measurement system based on borehole NMR for localising iron clogging and
controlling its remediation in the gravel pack of groundwater wells.
Radar-based quantitative precipitation estimation for the identification of debris flow occurrence over earthquake-affected regions in Sichuan, China
Authors: Shi Zhao , Wei Fangqiang , Chandrasekar Venkatachalam
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Both Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 and Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake on 20 April 2013 occurred in the province of Sichuan, China. In the earthquake-affected mountainous area, a large amount of loose material caused a high occurrence of debris flow during the rainy season. In order to evaluate the rainfall intensity–duration (I–D) threshold of the debris flow in the earthquake-affected area, and to fill up the observational gaps caused by the relatively scarce and low-altitude deployment of rain gauges in this area, raw data from two S-band China New Generation Doppler Weather Radar (CINRAD) were captured for six rainfall events that triggered 519 debris flows between 2012 and 2014. Due to the challenges of radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) over mountainous areas, a series of improvement measures are considered: a hybrid scan mode, a vertical reflectivity profile (VPR) correction, a mosaic of reflectivity, a merged rainfall–reflectivity (R − Z) relationship for convective and stratiform rainfall, and rainfall bias adjustment with Kalman filter (KF). For validating rainfall accumulation over complex terrains, the study areas are divided into two kinds of regions by the height threshold of 1.5 km from the ground. Three kinds of radar rainfall estimates are compared with rain gauge measurements. It is observed that the normalized mean bias (NMB) is decreased by 39 % and the fitted linear ratio between radar and rain gauge observation reaches at 0.98. Furthermore, the radar-based I–D threshold derived by the frequentist method is I = 10.1D−0.52 and is underestimated by uncorrected raw radar data. In order to verify the impacts on observations due to spatial variation, I–D thresholds are identified from the nearest rain gauge observations and radar observations at the rain gauge locations. It is found that both kinds of observations have similar I–D thresholds and likewise underestimate I–D thresholds due to undershooting at the core of convective rainfall. It is indicated that improvement of spatial resolution and measuring accuracy of radar observation will lead to the improvement of identifying debris flow occurrence, especially for events triggered by the strong small-scale rainfall process in the study area.
Construction for fluid flows of tangent spherical indicatrix by flows
Authors: Körpınar Talat , Asil Vedat
Published: March 2018

In this article, we obtain the characterizations of tangent spherical indicatrix by inextensible flows in space. Moreover, we obtain some performances for curvatures of a tangent spherical indicatrix.
Some results on the projective cone normed tensor product spaces over banach algebras
Authors: Das Dipankar , Goswami Nilakshi , Mishra Vishnu Narayan
Published: March 2018

For two real Banach algebras $\mathbb{A}_1$ and $\mathbb{A}_2$, let $K_p$ be the projective cone in $\mathbb{A}_1\otimes_\gamma \mathbb{A}_2$. Using this we define a cone norm on the algebraic tensor product of two vector spaces over the Banach algebra $\mathbb{A}_1\otimes_\gamma \mathbb{A}_2$ and discuss some properties. We derive some fixed point theorems in this projective cone normed tensor product space over Banach algebra with a suitable example. For two self mappings $S$ and $T$ on a cone Banach space over Banach algebra, the stability of the iteration scheme $x_{2n+1}=Sx_{2n}$, $x_{2n+2}=Tx_{2n+1},\;n=0,1,2,...$ converging to the common fixed point of $S$ and $T$ is also discussed here.
Invariant Einstein metrics on generalized flag manifolds of $Sp(n)$ and $SO(2n)$
Authors: Alves Luciana Aparecida , Silva Neiton Pereira da
Published: March 2018

It is well known that the Einstein equation on a Riemannian flag manifold $(G/K,g)$ reduces to an algebraic system if $g$ is a $G$-invariant metric. In this paper we obtain explicitly new invariant Einstein metrics on generalized flag manifolds of $Sp(n)$ and $SO(2n)$; and we compute the Einstein system for generalized flag manifolds of type $Sp(n)$. We also consider the isometric problem for these Einstein metrics.
Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee’s Job Satisfaction and Well-Being Through Team Efficacy in PMBMC
Authors: Khan Inam Ullah , Hasnain Syed Anwer , Ullah Sami , Khalid Adeel
Published: March 2018

The importance of transformational leadership and well-being of staff in the government punjab model bazaar management company (PMBMC) is progressively more recognized, anyhow there is a lesser amount of information regarding the mechanism to enlighten the relationship between transformational leadership (TFL) and employee job satisfaction (JS) and well-being (WB). The objective of this study is examining psychological mechanism that links with transformational leadership behaviors to employee’s job satisfaction and well-being. The study design is cross sectional and take place in all (26) model bazaars in Punjab. 200 staff of PMBMC completed the survey questionnaire which was sent to all employees in each bazaar, all participants are males with average ratio of education intermediate and age average 27 to 35 years. Each participant would rate their line manager’s leadership style. Team efficacy was found to act as mediator. In industries and commerce sector PMBMC pressurized environment faced by employees, today transformational leadership may help by ensuring employee’s job satisfaction and positive state of mind as well-being in the form of competent group.
Rescuing the Odes from Modernity: The Rhetoric and Sources of Ezra Pound's Confucian Translation
Authors: Zikpi Monica E. M.
Published: March 2018

This article argues that Ezra Pound's late translation practice, exemplified in his work on the Chinese Confucian canon, is both reactionary and derivative with respect to the scholarship of his time. While previous critics have asserted that Pound's translations are creative, intuitive, and felicitously inaccurate due to excusable ignorance, this paper closely examines several odes in his version of the Shijing 詩經 (Classic of Odes), which he entitled The Classic Anthology Defined by Confucius, in terms of his source material. The analysis demonstrates that his work in fact engages a contemporary scholarly debate about the correct interpretation of the Odes, and asserts itself strongly in favor of an imperial tradition of didactic allegorical exegesis as reconstructed via the editorial apparatus of James Legge and other Western translators. Considering the rhetoric of the translation, this article discerns the construction of a philological translation ethos to lend Confucian authority to the reactionary interpretation and exclude the politically progressive interpretations of modern scholars and translators. The findings problematize certain principles of Translation Studies, especially the distinction between source text and receiving culture.
The Orphan of Zhao: Chinese Revenge Drama and European Adaptations
Authors: Yu Shiao-ling
Published: March 2018

This article is a comparative study of the thirteen-century Chinese revenge drama The Orphan of Zhao and its European adaptations from the eighteenth century to the present. Generally considered one of China's great tragedies and the first Chinese dramatic work introduced to Europe, this play makes a good case study as intercultural theater. Unlike the earlier studies which emphasized Chinese influence on European drama, this study examines how European adapters tried to remake the Chinese play to conform to Western criteria of drama, such as the three unities. It also discusses how the dramatic actions in William Hatchett's and Arthur Murphy's adaptations reflected the conditions of England rather than China, and how Voltaire appropriated the Chinese play to articulate his ideas of European Enlightenment. In contrast to the Eurocentric eighteenth-century adaptations, the 2012 production by the Royal Shakespeare Company represents a changing European attitude toward Chinese drama and a new direction in intercultural theater. This study provides a history of cultural exchanges between East and West through a systematic analysis of transnational transmissions of an important Chinese play.
No Difference Between Bracing and No Bracing After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Chauhan Aakash , Slipak Alan , Miller Mark C. , Altman Daniel T. , Altman Gregory T.
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

The use of a postoperative brace may be beneficial after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures. However, bracing has potential drawbacks related to cost, fitting, wound complications, and compliance. We hypothesized that no difference will be found between patients with and without bracing after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures.

Methods:

In this prospective, comparative trial, patients were randomized to 6 weeks of bracing or no bracing after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures. Functional, subjective, and radiographic outcomes were recorded. Patients with an open physis, unstable ligamentous injuries, extensor mechanism disruption, and/or <6 months of prospective outcome data were excluded.

Results:

The 24 patients with bracing (average age, 50 ± 16 years; 14 women and 10 men) were compared with the 25 patients without bracing (average age, 51 ± 12 years [P = 0.74]; 9 women and 16 men). No statistically significant differences were found in most of the functional, subjective, and radiographic outcomes, including fracture characteristics, complications, postoperative range of motion, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form scores, and union rates. In the nonbraced group, one patient had late joint collapse with valgus malalignment (>10°). Two wound complications occurred in the braced group and four wound complications occurred in the nonbraced group, but this difference was not statistically significant.

Discussion:

Improvements in conventional and locking plate technology have allowed more reliable rigid internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures. However, the use of a brace for postoperative rehabilitation after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures continues to be debated.

Conclusion:

Our prospective study showed no statistically significant difference between bracing and no bracing after open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures in terms of functional, subjective, and radiographic outcomes.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic level II
An Empirical Study on the Influence of PBL Teaching Model on College Students’ Critical Thinking Ability
Authors: Zhou Zhen
Published: March 2018

The critical thinking ability is an indispensable ability of contemporary college students, and the PBL teaching mode abandons the shortcomings of traditional teaching methods, which is more suitable for the development trend of university curriculum teaching reform in China. In order to understand the influence of PBL teaching mode on college students’ critical thinking ability, the research is carried out into English critical thinking dispositions and skills of the second grade English education majors in Jiangxi Province, via questionnaire, interview, English test and PBL teaching experiment. And the results indicate that the PBL teaching model can improve the three English critical thinking temperament level of analysis, open and fair, and it can significantly improve the two English critical thinking skills of analysis and interpretation, but did not improve the English scores of the students significantly. The purpose of this study is to enrich the research on the influence of PBL teaching model and English critical thinking ability, and so as to provide some reference for improving the quality of English teaching in colleges and universities.
Operations Research, Economic Development, and Social Mobility
Authors: Ebiefung Aniekan A. , M. Kostreva Michael
Published: March 2018

It is the primary responsibility of governments to embark on economic development programs. Recently, however, communities, non-governmental organizations, individuals, and private sectors are carrying out activities that lead to growth, economic productivity, and development. The objective of this paper is to examine some of the ways in which these entities use Operations Research (OR) tools in their efforts to facilitate the development of their societies and in the process alleviate poverty and foster social mobility.
Comparative Assessment of Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of Smith and Colles Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Kopeć Grzegorz , Kwiatkowski Krzysztof , Piekarczyk Piotr , Chwedczuk Bartosz , Gołos Justyna
Published: March 2018

Background. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of surgical treatment of distal radial fractures following open reduction and fixation with an angle-stable plate in relation to the type of injury (flexion vs. extension fracture).
Material and methods. A group of 25 patients with Colles fractures and 25 patients with Smith fractures treated surgically in the years 2012-2013 was analysed retrospectively. The results were evaluated using the quickDASH and Mayo Wrist Score. Radiographic follow-up assessments included radial inclination, radial height, volar tilt and articular step-off.
Results. The mean Mayo Wrist Score was 72.8 points for Colles fractures and 68.3 points for Smith fractures. The mean quickDASH score was 18.2 points for Colles fractures and 20.5 points for Smith fractures. However, these differences were not statistically significant. The only significant difference in the radiographic parameters investigated was in volar tilt, which was normal in the group of patients with Smith fractures (11°), whereas in the group with Colles fractures it was 5°.
Conclusions. 1. In fractures of the distal radius, the type of displacement has no significant effect on the final outcome of surgical plate fixation. 2. In fractures with dorsal displacement of fragments, it is more difficult to restore volar tilt from a volar approach.
Importance of Computed Tomography (CT) in Talar Neck Fractures. Case Studies
Authors: Stołtny Tomasz , Pasek Jarosław , Leksowska-Pawliczek Maria , Ostałowska Alina , Piechota Małgorzata , Ochocki Karol , Wąsik Jakub , Koczy-Baron Aleksandra , Wawrzynek Wojciech , Kasperczyk Sławomir , Koczy Bogdan
Published: March 2018

Computed tomography is a modern technique producing high quality image of scanned organs. It plays a significant role in diagnostic work-up on orthopedics wards. This paper presents an analysis of management of two cases of Hawkins type I talar neck fracture with ankle joint rotation. In both patients, the diagnosis was based on conventional radiographs of the ankle joint in two projections and was subsequently verified with CT scans. The findings of a CT scan of the talus had a significant impact on further treatment and physiotherapy. Non-surgical treatment consisting in immobilization with
a short leg cast combined with medication and magnetic field therapy produced a positive therapeutic outcome. A follow-up CT scan of the talus revealed bone union with remodelling in both patients. The functional outcome according to the AOFAS scale should be regarded good. Computed tomography is the radiological modality for detecting talar neck fractures and determining the presence of displacement. Follow-up CT scans evaluate the natural process of bone healing, which is crucial for treatment decisions regarding weight-bearing status. A correct diagnosis based on CT helps to prevent the development of necrosis and posttraumatic (secondary) degenerative changes as well as advanced physical disability, especially among youn­ger patients, in whom the injury is most common, consequently helping to avoid a long and costly treatment.
ТРГОВИНСКА РАЗМЈЕНА БиХ СА ЧЛАНИЦАМА ЕФТА-е
Authors: Ковач Хелена
Published: March 2018

Опредјељење Босне и Херцеговине је да буде дио Европске уније. Изтог разлога, потписано је више споразума о слободној трговини: Споразумо стабилизацији и придруживању (ССП), Споразум о измјенама и присту-пању Централноевропском споразуму о слободној трговини (ЦЕФТА 2006)и Споразум о слободној трговини са земљама ЕФТА-е. Потписивањем оватри споразума, заокружен је процес либерализације трговине у овоме дијелуЕвропе. Споразумима се омогућује земљи кандидату за чланство у Европскојунији да побољша своју спољнотрговинску позицију, те да испуни један одКопенхашких критеријума, а то је способност земље потенцијалне чланицеда равноправно учествује у тржишној конкуренцији са земљама ЕУ.Овај рад бави се анализом трговинске размјене Босне и Херцегови-не са земаљама чланицама Европске асоцијације за слободну трговину(ЕФТА). Анализа почива на обиму и структури трговинске размјене, пријеи послије ступања на снагу Споразума о слободној трговини са земљамаЕФТА-е, као и пројекцијом будућих резултата који ће проистећи из пот-писивања овога Споразума.
The age of (omni)policy
Authors: Isović Maja
Published: March 2018

The eff ects of human activity that concomitantly bring harm to nature, ecologicalbalance and our very being, along with the extinction of particular animaland plant species, no longer can be ignored. Th e state of peril that today’ssociety is in, with ensuant environmental challenges that scientists, analysts,politicians and humanity altogether have been faced with, is the thesis of theJusuf Žiga’s book.
Profession in front of the mirror
Authors: Ibraković Dželal
Published: March 2018

Declaring the crisis of sociology in the expressed global crisis and in BiH society,points that the sociologists turned away from the primary task of “their”science: that in the crisis of the society they have the most work. Because the sociologyfrom the establishment constituted as a scientifi c discipline that dealswith crises and social changes, trying to give answers to the open, plain andepochal issues of society. In the fragmentation of the science, from the sociologyhave developed a number of scientifi c (sub) disciplines which became independent,so from them we can hear voices that sociology should - be abolished.In Bosnia and Herzegovina under the name of “de-ideologisation” in manysecondary schools were canceled the classes in sociology. Th is annoyed very fewpeople, and it have not even bothered the sociologists.
Myth, identity and ethnic boundaries
Authors: Vukoičić Jelena
Published: March 2018

Myth represents the narrative based on the particular historical event, whichconsists of both objective facts and fi ctitious elements. Th is phenomenon hasan important social and political role, and represents the constituent part ofethnic and national identity. One of the basic functions of myth is its role inthe strengthening of bonds within one ethnic or national community, and,at the same time, the establishment of the borders between that and othercommunities. Th e social and political power that some historical myths haveespecially gains importance in the periods of security crisis, when these narrativesbecome the important part of ethnic mobilizations. Historical events,embodied in myths, are one of the most powerful “weapons” used by elites tomanipulate masses, as well as to generate and control the process of ethnicmobilization. Members of the political elites who can revive the myth canalso mobilize people, exclude those who do not belong to the group, suppresscertain memories, establish solidarity and strengthen the hierarchy of statusesand values.
Money as a driver of development of the modern world
Authors: Plavšić Divna
Published: March 2018

Th is article seeks to highlight the connection between economics and politicsthrough the role of money, which left traces and in earlier historical periods.It indicates to its various forms, but mainly on the same outcome and goal.Primarily it is started from the role and power of money in fi nancing thewars, then the increasing tendency for better results and destructive power,and to the role of money in politics and the relationship between military andfi nancial power. Money was created out of necessity, it has facilitated trade,but at the same time complicated relationships. Money is power, it is one ofthe ways to manifest the power of the global world. It can be said that thepower of money is necessary the explanation of the modern world.
IN MEMORIAM - ANĐELKA MILIĆ (1942 – 2014.)
Authors: Vilić Dragana
Published: March 2018

Th e professor and scientist Anđelka Milić died in Belgrade on April 11th in2014. She was born in Belgrade. On the Faculty of Philosophy, University ofBelgrade she graduated in sociology (1965), got her master’s (1970) and PhDdegree(1975).
Some sociological aspects of nurses and their migration
Authors: Goriup Jana , Stričević Jadranka , Haložan David
Published: March 2018

The paper presents a view on nurses, which imigrated into Sloveniansociety from the republics of former Yugoslavia State and the Analyseof their socialization problems. The authors establish, that nursesfrom former State area are permanent and constant. Their inflowis numerical not to be neglected, as their professional knowledge innursing and socialization in the Slovene health system were alwaysactual. The awareness about the importance of their presence, or to bemore precise, their influence on the effective nursing as well as on patients’contentment is rising. We conducted a research study in whichinterviewed nurses reported about the factors of their including processesinto Slovenian society; on personal and professional level.
Sociološki pogled na migracije medicinskih sestara
Authors: Goriup Jana , Stričević Jadranka , Haložan David
Published: March 2018

Rad predstavlja pogled na medicinske sestre, koje su imigrirale u slovenačkodruštvo iz republika bivše Jugoslavije i analizira problemenjihove socijalizacije. Autori su utvrdili da medicinske sestre iz bivšedržave su stalno prisutne. Njihov priliv brojčano ne treba zanemariti,jer njihova stručna znanja u sestrinstvu i socijalizacija u slovenačkomzdravstvenom sistemu su uvek aktuelni. Svest o značaju njihovogprisustva, ili da budemo precizniji, njihov uticaj na efikasnostnege, kao i na zadovoljstvo pacijenata raste.Sproveli smo istraživanje u kome smo intervjuisali sestre i izveštavamoo faktorima njihovog procesa uključivanja u slovenačko društvo,na ličnom i profesionalnom planu.
Preduzetnički potencijal mladih u Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Sejdić Haris
Published: March 2018

U ovom radu predstvaljena je analiza rezultata istraživanja preduzetničkogpotencijala mladih u Bosni i Hercegovini, a sve u cilju dase odgovori na pitanje kakvi su potencijali, sposobnosti i spremnostmladih u BiH za razvoj preduzetništva i ostvarenje preduzetničkogpoduhvata? Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 546 ispitanikastarosti od 19 do 35 godina. U prvom dijelu rada pružamo prikazliterature kao i pojašnjenje nekih opštih stavova o preduzetništvukao jednoj, danas sve važnijoj, grani ekonomije, koristeći mišljenjaznačajnog broja autora koji se bave istraživanjem u oblasti preduzetništva.
Functional diversity and biogeography using ‘sFDvent’ - the first global trait database for hydrothermal vent species
Authors: Chapman Abbie , Bates Amanda E , Tunnicliffe Verena , sFDvent Working Group The ,   The sFDvent Working Group (https://www.idiv.de/?id=423)
Published: March 2018

The taxonomic composition of hydrothermal vent communities differs markedly on a global scale, forming distinct biogeographic provinces. The relative biodiversity of these areas can be assessed using traits as a common, cross-province ‘currency’. First, we used well-studied Juan de Fuca Ridge vents (NE Pacific) to assess trait data availability for vent species and to test the performance of functional diversity metrics given a species-poor system. These investigations highlighted vents as model ‘untouched’ ecosystems for developing ecological theory for conservation, advocating the potential of a vent trait database. Next, we built a global trait database for vent species – ‘sFDvent’. We selected traits that characterized the performance of a species and its contribution to ecosystem function, and best matched with established trait databases to ensure cross-ecosystem consistency. An international pool of experts scored these traits to populate the 14-trait database. Using sFDvent, we: created the first map of functional biogeography for deep-sea hydrothermal vents; assessed global-scale functional biodiversity trends (e.g., the East Pacific has fewer functionally unique species than the West Pacific, based on preliminary analyses); and evaluated the potential roles of large-scale environmental processes on these patterns.
Biological studies on the commercial juvenile fish of the eastern coast of Libya.
Authors: Husaien Salma , El.Mor. Mohammed ,   Mohammed El.Mor. (melmor88@yahoo.com)
Published: March 2018

The structures of juvenile commercial fish in the shallow water of eastern coast of Libya, Mediterranean Sea were investigated. Size composition, fish abundance, length frequency distribution, length-weight relationships, condition factors and food habits of the most common species were studied. Lithognathus mormyrus juvenile dominated the catch from February till December and the recruitment appeared in February, November, and December. Liza carinata and Diplodus annularis appeared from April until November and the recruitment showed in April, Liza ramada was recorded from April till August and recruitment were in April. Salpa sarpa appeared from March till November and recruitment appeared from March till June, Lichia amia appeared from April till December and recruitment appeared in June. All the species illustrated significant Length-weight relationships with high correlation coefficients indicating isometric growth.The condition factors of Lithognathus mormyrus, Liza ramada, Lichia amia were similar, increasing as the size increased. The monthly variation in conditions was influenced by feeding activities. The highest values of condition factors appeared in autumn for all the species reached the maximum values by the end of spring except Liza ramada where the highest values were shown at the end of summer. The feeding intensity was higher and food habits were varied.
Is it possible to reduce file numbers of conventional rotary systems?
Authors: Celik Gül , Maden Murat , Savgat Ahmet , Orhan Hikmet
Published: March 2018

Backround: frequent introduction of new dental instruments or devices into the market has been a concern for dentists worldwide, as the prices of such instruments are generally high, especially in developing countries. In addition, the use of these tools requires new skills and experience. For this reason, while innovations in dentistry are being pursued, it may be advantageous to update the dental instruments that we have been using for years. This study evaluated whether both ProFile and ProTaper files have the potential to reduce the number of files required for shaping curved root canals.

Methods: A total of 45 simulated canals with 40o curvature in clear resin blocks were prepared with conventional rotary systems: ProFile orifice shaping (OS) #3 and final flaring #25/.06, Reciproc R25, and ProTaper shaping file SX and finishing file F2. Pre- and post-instrumentation views were analysed using digital images captured by a camera. Prepared inner and outer walls at 1–10 levels were measured using AutoCAD software. The time required for canal shaping and the frequency of broken instruments were recorded. Standardised pre- and post-instrumentation radiographs were taken to determine changes in working length (WL) and straightening of canal curvature. The presence of blockage or perforation was also evaluated. Data were analysed using the one-way multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The transportation, instrumentation time, change of WL, and instrumentation fractures were evaluated. Data were analysed by ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis and independent t-test (p<0.05).

Results: Reciproc removed more mass in total and caused less transportation in the middle and coronal third (p<0.001). The transportations performed in the apical third were opposite to the curve. There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of maintaining the original WL. Reciproc was significantly faster (p<0.001). Only one instrument fracture (25/0.06 ProFile) was noted. All groups showed one ledge each.

Discussion: According to this study, both ProFile and ProTaper files have the potential to reduce the number of files required for shaping curved root canals. However, Reciproc, which was produced using a single-file concept, was determined to be more advantageous in terms of time. This study suggests that the conventional rotary technique system might have comparable efficacy to the single-file system for root canal shaping.
Diverse effects of Perlecan-HS on cell and matrix regulation: Tendon destabilization in Hspg2 Exon 3 null HS deficient mice reveals essential homeostatic roles for HS in cellular regulation and tendon functionality
Authors: Shu Cindy C , Smith Margaret M , Appleyard Richard C , Little Christopher B , Melrose James
Published: March 2018

The aim of this study was to determine the regulatory role of the perlecan HS side chains on cell and matrix homeostasis in tail and Achilles tendons in 3 and 12 week old Hspg2 exon 3 null HS deficient (Hspg2∆3-/∆3- ) and C57 BL/6 Wild Type (WT) mice. Tendons were biomechanically tested (ultimate tensile stress [UTS], tensile modulus [TM]) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen (hydroxyproline) compositional analyses undertaken. Monolayer cultures of Hspg2∆3-/∆3- tenocytes stimulated with FGF-2 showed elevated Adamts4, Mmp2, 3, 13 gene expression compared to WT mice. Col1A1, Vcan, Bgn, Dcn, Lum, Hspg2, Ltbp1, Ltbp2, Eln and Fbn1 showed no major differences between genotypes. Type VI collagen and perlecan were immunolocalised in tail tendon and collagen fibrils imaged using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The amplified catabolic phenotype of Hspg2∆3-/∆3- mice may account for the age-dependent decline in GAG observed in tail tendon and changes in UTS/TM biomechanics. Collagen fibril diameter increased in WT but decreased in Hspg2∆3-/∆3- tail tendons over 3 to 12 weeks. Achilles tenotomy resulted in changes in tendon material properties in both genotypes but, Hspg2∆3-/∆3- mice had a slower recovery of UTS after tenotomy. HS deficiency in Hspg2∆3-/∆3- tendon impaired tenocyte repair responses to FGF-2 and led to deleterious changes in tendon organization which was reflected in changes in their material properties. .
Serpin functions in host-pathogen interactions
Authors: Bao Jialing , Pan Guoqing , Poncz Mortimer , Wei Junhong , Ran Maoshuang , Zhou Zeyang
Published: March 2018

Serpins are a broadly distributed superfamily of protease inhibitors that are present in all kingdoms of life. The acronym, serpin, is derived from their function as potent ser ine p roteases in hibitors. Early studies of serpins focused on their functions in haemostasis since modulating serine proteases activities are essential for coagulation. Additional research has revealed that serpins function in infection and inflammation, by modulating serine and cysteine proteases activities. The aim of this review is to summarize the accumulating findings and current understanding of the functions of serpins in host-pathogen interactions, serving as host defense proteins as well as pathogenic factors. We also discuss the potential crosstalk between host and pathogen serpins. We anticipate that future research will elucidate the therapeutic value of this novel target.
Growing aridity and seasonality can drive catastrophic changes in the Amazon forest
Authors: Anjos Luciano J S , de Toledo Peter M
Published: March 2018

The consolidation of a non-analogous climate shortly will likely affect the structure and functioning of Amazon, the most biodiverse terrestrial ecosystem on the planet. However, the ecological mechanisms underlying these potential events are still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the mechanism responsible for controlling the forest-savanna transition regime through an objective measure of resilience, based on the multidimensional climatic niche of ecosystems. Our results suggest that there is an alternating dominance, where forest and savanna have their respective basins of attraction. However, we note that the two stable states can coexist only in a narrow ecotonal zone of bistability. In this particular region, there is an equivalence between forest and savanna in quantitative terms and its presence indicates, in addition to a low hysteresis, a propensity for a catastrophic transition regime between forest and savanna. In this sense, we determine the critical levels of resilience that intermediate the dynamics of transition between forest and savanna through such bistable ecotonal zone. Also, we found that bistable region is strongly associated with critical climatic thresholds, mainly on the axis of the moisture availability and climatic seasonality, but with the lower effect of the average annual temperature. Thus, we can expect that if such climatic thresholds are reached, due to ongoing climate change, and forest resilience limits are exceeded; large-scale catastrophic events will suddenly be triggered. The expected effects are the erosion of Amazonian biodiversity, with the massive extinction of species, culminating in the consolidation of a stable state with simplified ecosystems, with a lower density of tree cover.
The Strategy of Indonesia's Economic Transformation
Authors: Hill Hal
Published: March 2018

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Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Swasono Fauziah
Published: March 2018

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Inflation-Output Efficiency in Lowering High Cost Economy: A Comparative Study of Several Provinces in Indonesia
Authors: Gitaharie Beta Y. , Mardanugraha Eugenia , Nuryakin Chaikal
Published: March 2018

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Government Debt and Fiscal Sustainability: A Case Study of Indonesia 1988-2001
Authors: Simanjuntak Robert A. , Panjaitan Friska P.
Published: March 2018

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The Indonesian Crisis
Authors: Sadli Mohammad
Published: March 2018

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Modelling Macroecoomic Dynamic CGE for the Indonesian Economy
Authors: Widjaja Muliadi , Mardanugraha Eugenia
Published: March 2018

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Trading Halts and Intraday Stock Return Volatility in the lndonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Ekaputra Irwan Adi , Dwijayanti Sally
Published: March 2018

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The Behavior of the Post-Crises Indonesian Banking Industry (An Analysis Based on Oligopoly Theory and Dynamic Panel Data Econometrics)
Authors: Ariefianto Moch. Doddy
Published: March 2018

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Causality Relationship between Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Consumption and GDP in Indonesia
Authors: Arifin Jauhary , Syahruddin Normansyah
Published: March 2018

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The Effects of Trade Liberalization on Wage lnequality and Informality in Indonesia: an Empirical Study
Authors: Priantio Feri Hadi
Published: March 2018

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China-Japan-Korea's Vertical Intra Industry Trade with the ASEAN-4 Countries: Impact and Determinants
Authors: Hastiadi Fithra Faisal
Published: March 2018

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The Effect of Change in Compulsory Education on Birth Weight
Authors: Arina Shahnaz Natasha
Published: March 2018

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The Indonesian Economy from the Colonial Extraction Period until the Post-New Order Period: A Review of Thee Kian Wie’s Major Works
Authors: Wihardja Maria Monica , Negara Siwage Dharma
Published: March 2018

This paper reviews some major works of Thee Kian Wie, one of Indonesia’s most distinguished economic historians, that spans from the Colonial period until the post-New Order period. His works emphasize that economic history can guide future economic policy. Current problems in Indonesia were resulted from past policy failures. Indonesia needs to consistently embark on open economic policies, free itself from "colonial period mentality". Investment should be made in rebuilding crumbling infrastructure, improving the quality of health and education services, and addressing poor law enforcement. If current corruption persists, Indonesia could not hope to become a dynamic and prosperous country.
Revisiting Stock Market Integration Pre-Post Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Insight From BRIC Countries
Authors: Puah Chin-Hong , Brahmana Rayenda Khresna , Wong Kai-Hung
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study revisits the long-run relationships and short-run dynamic causal linkages among BRIC stock market, with the particular attention to the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis. Extending related empirical studies, comparative analyses of pre-crisis, and post-crisis periods were conducted to comprehensively evaluate how stock market integration was affected by financial crises. In general, after employing cointegration test and VAR test, the results reveal the increase of stock market integration in BRICs after the subprime crisis. The evidence also found that China stock market is the most influential among the BRICs, in which China stock market has the ability to Granger cause the other three BRICs member countries. An important implication of our findings is that the degree of integration among countries tends to change over time, especially around periods marked by financial crises. AbstrakPenelitian ini mengkaji ulang hubungan jangka panjang dan hubungan kausal dinamis jangka pendek antara pasar modal negara-negara BRIC, terutama pada saat krisis subprime mortgage 2008. Pengayaan studi empiris yang terkait dan analisa perbandingan sebelum-sesudah krisis dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi secara komprehensif tentang bagaimana krisis keuangan memengaruhi integrasi pasar modal. Secara umum, setelah menggunakan uji kointegrasi dan uji VAR, hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan peningkatan integrasi pasar modal di negara-negara BRIC setelah terjadinya krisis subprime. Penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa pasar modal Cina adalah pasar yang paling berpengaruh di antara negara BRIC, di mana pasar modal Cina memiliki kemampuan untuk memengaruhi secara Granger Causality tiga negara anggota BRIC lainnya. Implikasi penting dari temuan kami adalah bahwa tingkat integrasi antara negara-negara cenderung berubah dari waktu ke waktu, terutama sekitar periode yang ditandai oleh krisis keuangan.Kata kunci: Integrasi Pasar; Subprime Mortgage; Krisis Keuangan; BRICJEL classifications: F15; G15; G21; C32