bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tailoring carbon nanotubes optical properties through chirality-wise silicon ring resonators
Authors: Durán-Valdeiglesias Elena , Zhang Weiwei , Alonso-Ramos Carlos , Serna Samuel , Le Roux Xavier , Maris-Morini Delphine , Caselli Niccolò , Biccari Francesco , Gurioli Massimo , Filoramo Arianna , Cassan Eric , Vivien Laurent
Published: July 2018

Semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNT) have an immense potential for the development of active optoelectronic functionalities in ultra-compact hybrid photonic circuits. Specifically, s-SWNT have been identified as a very promising solution to implement light sources in the silicon photonics platform. Still, two major challenges remain to fully exploit the potential of this hybrid technology: the limited interaction between s-SWNTs and Si waveguides and the low quantum efficiency of s-SWNTs emission. Silicon micro-ring resonators have the potential capability to overcome these limitations, by providing enhanced light s-SWNT interaction through resonant light recirculation. Here, we demonstrate that Si ring resonators provide SWNT chirality-wise photoluminescence resonance enhancement, releasing a new degree of freedom to tailor s-SWNT optical properties. Specifically, we show that judicious design of the micro-ring geometry allows selectively promoting the emission enhancement of either (8,6) or (8,7) SWNT chiralities present in a high-purity polymer-sorted s-SWNT solution. In addition, we present an analysis of nanometric-sized silicon-on-insulator waveguides that predicts stronger light s-SWNT interaction for transverse-magnetic (TM) modes than for conventionally used transverse-electric (TE) modes.
In-Vivo Nucleus Pulposus-Specific Regulation of Adult Murine Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling
Authors: Holguin Nilsson , Silva Matthew J.
Published: July 2018

B-Catenin, transcription factor of Wnt signaling, is promoted in patients with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, but Wnt signaling decreases with aging. We hypothesize that IVD degeneration is associated with decreased Wnt signaling despite more b-Catenin. Chronic compression of tail IVDs of young-adult and aged Wnt-reporter (TOPGAL) animals initiated an age-related cascade of degenerative-like changes, which included reduced Wnt ligand expression and Wnt signaling in nucleus pulposus cells, despite elevation of b-Catenin protein and gene expression. To determine the effect of upregulated and downregulated Wnt signaling in adult discs, b-Catenin in the nucleus pulposus was stabilized (Shh-CreErT2/b-Cateninfl(Ex3)/fl(Ex3), cACT) or knocked out (Shh-CreErT2/b-Cateninfl/fl, cKO). cACT discs had promoted expression of Wnt-targets and -ligands, brachyury, extracellular matrix production and 34% greater compressive stiffness than WT (b-Cateninfl(Ex3)/fl(Ex3)) discs, but 50% less tensile stiffness. By contrast, knockout reversed the cACT phenotype: less protein expression of b-catenin in the nucleus pulposus, less expression of brachyury, heightened expression of extracellular matrix breakdown and 46% less compressive stiffness than wild-type (b-Cateninfl/fl,WT) discs. These data suggest that intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with loss of Wnt signaling and that the concomitant increase in b-catenin is a regenerative response, potentially offering a therapeutic approach to degeneration.
Functional expression of TLR5 of different vertebrate species and diversification in intestinal pathogen recognition
Authors: Faber Eugenia , Tedin Karsten , Speidel Yvonne , Brinkmann Melanie M. , Josenhans Christine
Published: July 2018

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is activated by bacterial flagellins and plays a crucial role in the first-line defence against pathogenic bacteria and in immune homeostasis, and is highly conserved in vertebrate species. However, little comparative information is available on TLR5 functionality. In this study, we compared TLR5 activation using full-length and chimeric TLR5 of various vertebrate species (human, chicken, mouse, pig, cattle). Chimeric TLR5 receptors, consisting of human transmembrane and intracellular domains, linked to extracellular domains of animal origin, were generated and expressed. The comparison of chimeric TLR5s and their full-length counterparts revealed significant functional disparities. While porcine and chicken full-length TLR5s showed a strongly reduced functionality in human cells, all chimeric receptors were functional when challenged with TLR5 ligand Salmonella FliC. Using chimeric receptors as a tool allowed for the identification of ectodomain-dependent activation potential and partially host species-specific differences in response to various enteric bacterial strains and their purified flagellins. We conclude that both the extra- and intracellular determinants of TLR5 receptors are crucial for compatibility with the species expression background and hence for proper receptor functionality. TLR5 receptors with a common intracellular domain provide a useful system to investigate bacteria- and host-specific differences in receptor activation.
Intracellular oligonucleotide delivery using the cell penetrating peptide Xentry
Authors: Coutinho Frazer P. , Green Colin R. , Rupenthal Ilva D.
Published: July 2018

The current study investigated the use of two cationic peptides, Xentry-KALA (XK) and Xentry-Protamine (XP), for intracellular delivery of Connexin43 antisense oligonucleotides (Cx43AsODN). The charge and size of Cx43AsODN:XK and Cx43AsODN:XP complexes was determined by Zetasizer analysis. The earliest positive zeta potential reading was obtained at a 1:2 and 1:1.2 charge ratio of Cx43AsODN:XK and Cx43AsODN:XP respectively, with Cx43AsODN:XK resulting in overall larger complexes than Cx43AsODN:XP. Gel shift mobility assays revealed complete complex formation at a 1:2.5 and 1:2.2 charge ratio of Cx43AsODN:XK and Cx43AsODN:XP, respectively. Cellular uptake studies were carried out in ARPE-19 cells. While both complexes were able to enter the cells, Cx43AsODN:XK uptake appeared punctate and circular indicative of endosomal containment. Cx43AsODN:XP uptake, in contrast, resulted in diffuse appearance inside the cell suggesting endosomal escape of the cargo. Finally, western blot analysis confirmed that Cx43AsODN:XP was able to knockdown Cx43 expression in these cells under normal and hypoxic conditions.
Imaging the development of chronic Chagas disease after oral transmission
Authors: Lewis Michael D. , Francisco Amanda F. , Jayawardhana Shiromani , Langston Harry , Taylor Martin C. , Kelly John M.
Published: July 2018

Chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Transmission cycles are maintained by haematophagous triatomine bug vectors that carry infective T. cruzi in their faeces. Most human infections are acquired by contamination of mucosal membranes with triatomine faeces after being bitten, however, T. cruzi can be transmitted by several other routes. Oral transmission is an increasingly important aspect of Chagas disease epidemiology, typically involving food or drink products contaminated with triatomines. This has recently caused numerous outbreaks and been linked to unusually severe acute infections. The long-term impact of oral transmission on infection dynamics and disease pathogenesis is unclear. We used highly sensitive bioluminescence imaging and quantitative histopathology to study orally transmitted T. cruzi infections in mice. Both metacyclic and bloodform trypomastigotes were infectious via the oral cavity, but only metacyclics led to established infections by intra-gastric gavage. Mice displayed only mild acute symptoms but later developed significantly increased myocardial collagen content (p = 0.017), indicative of fibrosis. Gastrointestinal tissues and skin were the principal chronic infection reservoirs. Chronic phase parasite load profiles, tissue distribution and myocardial fibrosis severity were comparable to needle-injected controls. Thus, the oral route neither exacerbates nor ameliorates experimental Chagas disease.
Twist and Polar Glide Symmetries: an Additional Degree of Freedom to Control the Propagation Characteristics of Periodic Structures
Authors: Ghasemifard Fatemeh , Norgren Martin , Quevedo-Teruel Oscar
Published: July 2018

New high-frequency 5G and satellite communication systems require fully-metallic antennas and electromagnetic components. These components can be implemented with truncated versions of periodic structures. In order to achieve the desired performance of these future devices, it is of crucial importance to have a precise control of the propagation properties, i.e. the frequency dispersion behavior and stop-bands. Here, we demonstrate the potential use of higher symmetries to diminish the frequency dispersion of periodic structures and control the width of stop-bands with a new type of fully-metallic transmission line, which is loaded with holes on a twist-symmetric configuration. Simulated and experimental results confirm the intrinsic link between the propagation characteristics and the symmetries of a periodic structure. Additionally, we provide a definitive explanation of the recently discovered polar glide symmetry and its potential combination with twist symmetries to produce low-dispersive materials and reconfigurable stop-bands. The promising properties of these structures are demonstrated with a fully-metallic reconfigurable filter, which could be used for future high-frequency 5G and satellite communication systems.
Identification of an INa-dependent and Ito-mediated proarrhythmic mechanism in cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells of a Brugada syndrome patient
Authors: Ma Dongrui , Liu Zhenfeng , Loh Li Jun , Zhao Yongxing , Li Guang , Liew Reginald , Islam Omedul , Wu Jianjun , Chung Ying Ying , Teo Wee Siong , Ching Chi Keong , Tan Boon Yew , Chong Daniel , Ho Kah Leng , Lim Paul , Yong Rita Yu Yin , Panama Brian K. , Kaplan Aaron D. , Bett Glenna C. L. , Ware James , Bezzina Connie R. , Verkerk Arie O. , Cook Stuart A. , Rasmusson Randall L. , Wei Heming
Published: July 2018

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia commonly associated with SCN5A mutations, yet its ionic mechanisms remain unclear due to a lack of cellular models. Here, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from a BrS patient (BrS1) to evaluate the roles of Na+ currents (INa) and transient outward K+ currents (Ito) in BrS induced action potential (AP) changes. To understand the role of these current changes in repolarization we employed dynamic clamp to “electronically express” IK1 and restore normal resting membrane potentials and allow normal recovery of the inactivating currents, INa, ICa and Ito. HiPSC-CMs were generated from BrS1 with a compound SCN5A mutation (p. A226V & p. R1629X) and a healthy sibling control (CON1). Genome edited hiPSC-CMs (BrS2) with a milder p. T1620M mutation and a commercial control (CON2) were also studied. CON1, CON2 and BrS2, had unaltered peak INa amplitudes, and normal APs whereas BrS1, with over 75% loss of INa, displayed a loss-of-INa basal AP morphology (at 1.0 Hz) manifested by a reduced maximum upstroke velocity (by ~80%, p < 0.001) and AP amplitude (p < 0.001), and an increased phase-1 repolarization pro-arrhythmic AP morphology (at 0.1 Hz) in ~25% of cells characterized by marked APD shortening (~65% shortening, p < 0.001). Moreover, Ito densities of BrS1 and CON1 were comparable and increased from 1.0 Hz to 0.1 Hz by ~ 100%. These data indicate that a repolarization deficit could be a mechanism underlying BrS.
Incoherent Nuclear Resonant Scattering from a Standing Spin Wave
Authors: Gollwitzer Jakob , Bocklage Lars , Schlage Kai , Herlitschke Marcus , Wille Hans Christian , Leupold Olaf , Adolff Christian F. , Meier Guido , Röhlsberger Ralf
Published: July 2018

We introduce a method to study the spatial profiles of standing spin waves in ferromagnetic microstructures. The method relies on Nuclear Resonant Scattering of 57Fe using a microfocused beam of synchrotron radiation, the transverse coherence length of which is smaller than the length scale of lateral variations in the magnetization dynamics. Using this experimental method, the nuclear resonant scattering signal due to a confined spin wave is determined on the basis of an incoherent superposition model. From the fits of the Nuclear Resonant Scattering time spectra, the precessional amplitude profile across the stripe predicted by an analytical model is reconstructed. Our results pave the way for studying non-homogeneous dynamic spin configurations in microstructured magnetic systems using nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron light.
Magnetite-Gold nanohybrids as ideal all-in-one platforms for theranostics
Authors: Efremova Maria V. , Naumenko Victor A. , Spasova Marina , Garanina Anastasiia S. , Abakumov Maxim A. , Blokhina Anastasia D. , Melnikov Pavel A. , Prelovskaya Alexandra O. , Heidelmann Markus , Li Zi-An , Ma Zheng , Shchetinin Igor V. , Golovin Yuri I. , Kireev Igor I. , Savchenko Alexander G. , Chekhonin Vladimir P. , Klyachko Natalia L. , Farle Michael , Majouga Alexander G. , Wiedwald Ulf
Published: July 2018

High-quality, 25 nm octahedral-shaped Fe3O4 magnetite nanocrystals are epitaxially grown on 9 nm Au seed nanoparticles using a modified wet-chemical synthesis. These Fe3O4-Au Janus nanoparticles exhibit bulk-like magnetic properties. Due to their high magnetization and octahedral shape, the hybrids show superior in vitro and in vivo T2 relaxivity for magnetic resonance imaging as compared to other types of Fe3O4-Au hybrids and commercial contrast agents. The nanoparticles provide two functional surfaces for theranostic applications. For the first time, Fe3O4-Au hybrids are conjugated with two fluorescent dyes or the combination of drug and dye allowing the simultaneous tracking of the nanoparticle vehicle and the drug cargo in vitro and in vivo. The delivery to tumors and payload release are demonstrated in real time by intravital microscopy. Replacing the dyes by cell-specific molecules and drugs makes the Fe3O4-Au hybrids a unique all-in-one platform for theranostics.
Ethanol as an electrolyte additive for alkaline zinc-air flow batteries
Authors: Hosseini Soraya , Han Siow Jing , Arponwichanop Amornchai , Yonezawa Tetsu , Kheawhom Soorathep
Published: July 2018

Zinc-air flow batteries exhibit high energy density and offer several appealing advantages. However, their low efficiency of zinc utilization resulted from passivation and corrosion of the zinc anodes has limited their broad application. In this work, ethanol, which is considered as an environmentally friendly solvent, is examined as an electrolyte additive to potassium hydroxide (KOH) aqueous electrolyte to improve electrochemical performance of the batteries. Besides, the effects of adding different percentages of ethanol (0–50% v/v) to 8 M KOH aqueous electrolyte were investigated and discussed. Cyclic voltammograms revealed that the presence of 5–10% v/v ethanol is attributed to the enhancement of zinc dissolution and the hindrance of zinc anode passivation. Also, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that adding 5–10% v/v ethanol could effectively suppress the formation of passivating layers on the active surface of the zinc anodes. Though the addition of ethanol increased solution resistance and hence slightly decreased the discharge potential of the batteries, a significant enhancement of discharge capacity and energy density could be sought. Also, galvanostatic discharge results indicated that the battery using 10% v/v ethanol electrolyte exhibited the highest electrochemical performance with 30% increase in discharge capacity and 16% increase in specific energy over that of KOH electrolyte without ethanol.
Fabrication of self-assembled spherical Gold Particles by pulsed UV Laser Treatment
Authors: Schmidl G. , Jia G. , Gawlik A. , Kreusch J. , Schmidl F. , Dellith J. , Dathe A. , Lin Z.-H. , Huang J.-S. , Plentz J.
Published: July 2018

We report on the fabrication of spherical Au spheres by pulsed laser treatment using a KrF excimer laser (248 nm, 25 ns) under ambient conditions as a fast and high throughput fabrication technique. The presented experiments were realized using initial Au layers of 100 nm thickness deposited on optically transparent and low cost Borofloat glass or single-crystalline SrTiO3 substrates, respectively. High (111)-orientation and smoothness (RMS ≈ 1 nm) are the properties of the deposited Au layers before laser treatment. After laser treatment, spheres with size distribution ranging from hundreds of nanometers up to several micrometers were produced. Single-particle scattering spectra with distinct plasmonic resonance peaks are presented to reveal the critical role of optimal irradiation parameters in the process of laser induced particle self-assembly. The variation of irradiation parameters like fluence and number of laser pulses influences the melting, dewetting and solidification process of the Au layers and thus the formation of extremely well shaped spherical particles. The gold layers on Borofloat glass and SrTiO3 are found to show a slightly different behavior under laser treatment. We also discuss the effect of substrates.
Preferences and beliefs about financial risk taking mediate the association between anterior insula activation and self-reported real-life stock trading
Authors: Häusler Alexander N. , Kuhnen Camelia M. , Rudorf Sarah , Weber Bernd
Published: July 2018

People differ greatly in their financial risk taking behaviour. This heterogeneity has been associated with differences in brain activity, but only in laboratory settings using constrained behaviours. However, it is important to understand how these measures transfer to real life conditions, because the willingness to invest in riskier assets has a direct and considerable effect on long-term wealth accumulation. In a large fMRI study of 157 working age men (39.0 ± 6.4 SD years), we first show that activity in the anterior insula during the assessment of risky vs. safe choices in an investing task is associated with self-reported real-life active stock trading. We then show that this association remains intact when we control for financial constraints, education, the understanding of financial matters, and cognitive abilities. Finally, we use comprehensive measures of preferences and beliefs about risk taking to show that these two channels mediate the association between brain activation in the anterior insula and real-life active stock trading.
The probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 prevents papain-induced respiratory barrier injury and severe allergic inflammation in mice
Authors: Secher Thomas , Maillet Isabelle , Mackowiak Claire , Le Bérichel Jessica , Philippeau Amandine , Panek Corinne , Boury Michèle , Oswald Eric , Saoudi Abdelhadi , Erard Francois , Le Bert Marc , Quesniaux Valérie , Couturier-Maillard Aurélie , Ryffel Bernhard
Published: July 2018

Allergic asthma is characterized by a strong Th2 and Th17 response with inflammatory cell recruitment, airways hyperreactivity and structural changes in the lung. The protease allergen papain disrupts the airway epithelium triggering a rapid eosinophilic inflammation by innate lymphoid cell type 2 (ILC2) activation, leading to a Th2 immune response. Here we asked whether the daily oral administrations of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (ECN) might affect the outcome of the papain protease induced allergic lung inflammation in BL6 mice. We find that ECN gavage significantly prevented the severe allergic response induced by repeated papain challenges and reduced lung inflammatory cell recruitment, Th2 and Th17 response and respiratory epithelial barrier disruption with emphysema and airway hyperreactivity. In conclusion, ECN administration attenuated severe protease induced allergic inflammation, which may be beneficial to prevent allergic asthma.
Nanomaterial based electrochemical sensors for the safety and quality control of food and beverages
Authors: Manikandan Venkatesh S. , Adhikari BalRam , Chen Aicheng
Published: July 2018

Electrochemical determination of some common additives and contaminants, which are widely found in food and beverages.
Analysis of time-course drug response in rat cardiomyocytes cultured on a pattern of islands
Authors: Okumura Sho , Hirano Yu , Maki Yoshiyuki , Komatsu Yasuo
Published: July 2018

Beating fluctuations of cardiomyocytes were analyzed using a scanning electrochemical microscopy-based system under a culture environment during drug stimulation.
Hybrid Gd3+/cisplatin cross-linked polymer nanoparticles enhance platinum accumulation and formation of DNA adducts in glioblastoma cell lines
Authors: Lajous Hélène , Riva Raphaël , Lelièvre Bénédicte , Tétaud Clément , Avril Sylvie , Hindré François , Boury Frank , Jérôme Christine , Lecomte Philippe , Garcion Emmanuel
Published: July 2018

New hybrid nanoparticles permitted MRI monitoring of a cisplatin infusion while enhancing drug accumulation and DNA adduct formation in glioblastoma cells.
Complexation of asymmetric diborenes with magnesium bromide
Authors: Lu Wei , Kinjo Rei
Published: July 2018

Complexation between asymmetric diborenes and MgBr2is reported.
Modulating the GSH/Trx selectivity of a fluorogenic disulfide-based thiol sensor to reveal diminished GSH levels under ER stress
Authors: Wi Youngjin , Le Hoa Thi , Verwilst Peter , Sunwoo Kyoung , Kim Seo Jin , Song Jung Eun , Yoon Hey Young , Han Geon , Kim Jong Seung , Kang Chulhun , Kim Tae Woo
Published: July 2018

We synthesized a fluorogenic disulfide-based naphthalimide thiol probe (ER-Naph) with a hydrophilic endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-guiding glibenclamide unit.
Design and synthesis of nanoporous carbon materials using Cd-based homochiral metal–organic frameworks as precursors for supercapacitor application
Authors: Zhang Guangju , Xiu Siqi , Wei Ying , Zhang Qingguo , Cai Kedi
Published: July 2018

Design and synthesis of nanoporous carbon materials using Cd-based homochiral metal–organic frameworks as precursors for supercapacitor application.
Enhancing ambipolar carrier transport of black phosphorus field-effect transistors with Ni–P alloy contacts
Authors: Park Hyunik , Kim Jihyun
Published: July 2018

High-performance ambipolar black phosphorus field-effect transistors with low-resistance ohmic contacts were achieved via low-temperature vacuum annealing.
Kinetics of in situ desorption of dye molecules on sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles in a high concentration solution: ion parasitic adsorption process and mass reference
Authors: Liu Weiqing , Liu Fei , Liu Yujing , Ai Yuqian
Published: July 2018

This paper applies a method to study the in situ mass change responses on dye-sensitized TiO2 films in different potential ranges, and explore the dye desorption process in depth and in detail.
Novel quinoxalinone-based push–pull chromophores with highly sensitive emission and absorption properties towards small structural modifications
Authors: Burganov T. I. , Katsyuba S. A. , Sharipova S. M. , Kalinin A. A. , Monari A. , Assfeld X.
Published: July 2018

The photophysical properties of a series of novel push–pull quinoxalinone-based chromophores that strongly absorb and emit light in the broad visible spectrum were comprehensively studied both experimentally and through quantum chemical methods.
Enhancement of phytochemical bioaccessibility from plant-based foods using excipient emulsions: impact of lipid type on carotenoid solubilization from spinach
Authors: Yuan Xi , Liu Xiaojuan , McClements David Julian , Cao Yong , Xiao Hang
Published: July 2018

Effects of lipid type in excipient emulsions on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene) in spinach were studied using a simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
Copper-catalyzed pyrrole synthesis from 3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazines
Authors: Yasukawa Naoki , Kuwata Marina , Imai Takuya , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao , Sawama Yoshinari
Published: July 2018

The highly-functionalized pyrroles could be efficiently synthesized from 3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazines using only heterogeneous Cu/C under neat heating conditions.
Catalyst and solvent free microwave-assisted synthesis of substituted 1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Roshandel Sahar , Suri Suresh C. , Marcischak Jacob C. , Rasul Golam , Surya Prakash G. K.
Published: July 2018

Atom economical, safer, scalable, catalyst/additive and solvent free click chemistry using trimethylslilyl azide has been achieved under microwave irradiation.
Hydrogel-incorporating unit in a well: 3D cell culture for high-throughput analysis
Authors: Yu Yeong Jun , Kim Young Hye , Na Kyuhwan , Min Seo Yun , Hwang Ok Kyung , Park Da Kyeong , Kim Doo Yeon , Choi Se Hoon , Kamm Roger D. , Chung Seok , Kim Jeong Ah
Published: July 2018

A microchannel-free, 3D cell culture system has a hydrogel-incorporating unit integrated with a multi-well plate. This plate provides better reproducibility in a variety of quantitative biochemical assays and high content-screening (HCS).
A long-range tautomeric effect on a new Schiff isoniazid analogue, evidenced by NMR study and X-ray crystallography
Authors: Tănase Constantin I. , Drăghici Constantin , Shova Sergiu , Hanganu Anamaria , Gal Emese , Munteanu Cristian V. A.
Published: July 2018

Isoniazid analogues were cyclized through acid catalysis by closing a THF ring, as favoured by Baldwin's rules (5-exo-trig).
Flower-like AgNPs@m-MgO as an excellent catalyst for CO2 fixation and acylation reactions under ambient conditions
Authors: Chowdhury Arpita Hazra , Ghosh Swarbhanu , Islam Sk. Manirul
Published: July 2018

Synthesis of fine chemicals from the chemical fixation of CO2 is one of the attractive research areas of today to utilise greenhouse gas CO2 in a greener pathway.
Enabling silicon-on-silicon photonics with pedestalled Mie resonators
Authors: Garín M. , Solà M. , Julian A. , Ortega P.
Published: July 2018

Pedestalled Mie resonators, made entirely of crystalline silicon, stand optically separated from the substrate enabling all-dielectric silicon-on-silicon nanophotonic applications.
A comparative study on a flexible ZnO-based nano-generator using Schottky and p–n junction contact for energy harvesting applications
Authors: Savarimuthu Kirubaveni , Sankararajan Radha , Govindaraj Rajamanickam , Narendhiran Santhosh
Published: July 2018

Vibration based piezoelectric energy harvesting from unused ambient sources is an efficient approach for a battery-free, sustainable and green power source for self-powered electronics.
Visible light induced electron transfer from a semiconductor to an insulator enables efficient photocatalytic activity on insulator-based heterojunctions
Authors: Wang Hong , Sun Yanjuan , He Wenjie , Zhou Ying , Lee Shun Cheng , Dong Fan
Published: July 2018

Visible light induced electron transfer from a BiOI semiconductor to a BaCO3 insulator enables efficient photocatalytic activity on insulator-based heterojunctions.
One-step electrodeposition of a hierarchically structured S-doped NiCo film as a highly-efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Che Qijun , Bai Ningning , Li Qing , Chen Xinhong , Tan Ya , Xu Xi
Published: July 2018

A simple sulfur-anion doping strategy to obtain S-doped NiCo composite on Ni foam (NF) via a one-step electron-induced mechanism is used for highly-efficient and robust electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Ionic liquids plus microwave irradiation: a general methodology for the retro-functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Barrejón Myriam , Syrgiannis Zois , Prato Maurizio
Published: July 2018

Tunable functionalization of SWCNTs through the use of ionic liquids under microwave irradiation.
Tumor suppressor miR-449a inhibits the development of gastric cancerviadown-regulation of SGPL1
Authors: Chen Qian , Yang Zhen , Pan Gaofeng , Ding Hongjian , Jiang Daowen , Huang Jianfang , Liu Weiyan
Published: July 2018

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that are known to participate in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes, which can indirectly influence the development of malignant behaviors.
Osteogenic capacity of mixed-acid and heat-treated titanium mesh prepared by a selective laser melting technique
Authors: Yamamoto Kayoko , Yamaguchi Seiji , Matsushita Tomiharu , Mori Shigeo , Hirata Azumi , Kato-Kogoe Nahoko , Nakano Hiroyuki , Nakajima Yoichiro , Nishitani Yoshihiro , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Ueno Takaaki
Published: July 2018

The practical use of additive manufacturing to create artificial bone as a material for repairing complex bone defects is currently attracting attention.
Improving the parameters of electron transport in quantum dot sensitized solar cells through seed layer deposition
Authors: Samadpour Mahmoud
Published: July 2018

It is proved that the seed layer deposition could be systematically applied in order to enhance the charge transport in the cells.
Exfoliation, point defects and hydrogen storage properties of monolayer TiS3: an ab initio study
Authors: Arsentev M. Yu. , Petrov A. V. , Missyul A. B. , Hammouri M.
Published: July 2018

We show that adsorption of Li/Na and creation of S vacancies contribute to separation of the TiS3 layer into needles and nanobelts.
A MOF-based carrier forin situdopamine delivery
Authors: Pinna Alessandra , Ricco' Raffaele , Migheli Rossana , Rocchitta Gaia , Serra Pier Andrea , Falcaro Paolo , Malfatti Luca , Innocenzi Plinio
Published: July 2018

Pinna and co-workers report the design of a MOF-based magnetic composite for long-term release of dopamine in the PC12 cell line.
New Ru(ii) photocages operative with near-IR light: new platform for drug delivery in the PDT window
Authors: Al-Afyouni Malik H. , Rohrabaugh Thomas N. , Al-Afyouni Kathlyn F. , Turro Claudia
Published: July 2018

A series of Ru(ii) complexes bearing the tridentate 2,6-di(quinolin-2-yl)pyridine (dqpy) ligand was designed to undergo photoinduced ligand dissociation with red/near-IR light.
Uncovering the mechanisms of electrolyte permeation in porous electrodes for redox flow batteries through real timein situ3D imaging
Authors: Tariq Farid , Rubio-Garcia J. , Yufit Vladimir , Bertei Antonio , Chakrabarti Barun K. , Kucernak Anthony , Brandon Nigel
Published: July 2018

Results reveal counter-intuitive behaviors of the electrolyte flow whereby capillary driven flow is secondary to the primary wetting mechanisms.
Hierarchical 3D macrosheets composed of interconnected in situ cobalt catalyzed nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes as superior bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Li Yapeng , Gao Jingyu , Zhang Fu , Qian Qizhu , Liu Yi , Zhang Genqiang
Published: July 2018

Novel hierarchical 3D macrosheets composed of cobalt catalyzed nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes exhibit superior bifunctional oxygen catalysis and can act as a highly durable cathode for rechargeable Zn–air batteries.
Carbazole/α-carboline hybrid bipolar compounds as electron acceptors in exciplex or non-exciplex mixed cohosts and exciplex-TADF emitters for high-efficiency OLEDs
Authors: Wu Qingjing , Wang Menghan , Cao Xudong , Zhang Di , Sun Ning , Wan Shigang , Tao Youtian
Published: July 2018

Electron acceptors based on the electron-deficient carboline of CbPyCN exhibited better electroluminescence performance than CzPyCN in exciplex or non-exciplex mixed cohosts and exciplex-emitters.
Self-assembly of luminescent 12-metal Zn–Ln planar nanoclusters with sensing properties towards nitro explosives
Authors: Jiang Dongmei , Yang Xiaoping , Zheng Xiaohui , Bo Le , Zhu Ting , Chen Hongfen , Zhang Lijie , Huang Shaoming
Published: July 2018

Two types of Zn–Ln nanoclusters (Ln = Nd and Sm) were constructed using one long Schiff base ligand with a naphthyl backbone, and the 12-metal Zn–Sm cluster shows interesting visible and NIR luminescence sensing of nitro explosives with high sensitivity to 1,4-DNB and TNT at the ppb level.
Novel BaTiO3-based lead-free ceramic capacitors featuring high energy storage density, high power density, and excellent stability
Authors: Zhou Mingxing , Liang Ruihong , Zhou Zhiyong , Dong Xianlin
Published: July 2018

High energy storage density and high power density combined in novel BaTiO3-based lead-free ceramics for multilayer ceramic capacitors.
Is tartrazine really safe?In silicoandex vivotoxicological studies in human leukocytes: a question of dose
Authors: Floriano Jassana Moreira , Rosa Emanoeli da , do Amaral Queila Daiane Fonseca , Zuravski Luísa , Chaves Pamella Eduardha Espindola , Machado Michel Mansur , de Oliveira Luís Flávio Souza
Published: July 2018

The use of food colorings has a long-recorded history.
Geographic HWMP (Geo‐HWMP) routing method for AMI network with lossless packet forwarding
Authors: Robert singh A. , Devaraj D. , Banu R. Narmatha
Published: July 2018

Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) transfers time‐based information and critical data between the consumer site and central control centre. AMI network needs maximum connectivity among the smart meters that are data generators as well as forwarders. Wireless mesh network (WMN) is used to deploy AMI network. IEEE 802.11s standard is used for WMN uses airtime metric to choose next hop for the path. In this study, the position of the next hop is also considered to reduce the length of the path. The coverage area is divided into number of sectors and ranges with different radii. The next hop is selected from the sector in the direction towards the destination based on the weighted airtime metric, where the weight refers to the link quality. The sector division reduces the length of the path, and the link quality‐based selection reduces packet loss and ensures reliable communication. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated, and it is compared with hybrid wireless mesh routing protocol (HWMP) and state‐of‐the‐art schemes, namely, greedy and compass in terms of hop count, end‐to‐end delay and packet loss ratio. The simulation results show that the proposed method generates routing path with minimum end‐to‐end delay and packet loss ratio.
Integrity monitoring for Positioning of intelligent transport systems using integrated RTK‐GNSS, IMU and vehicle odometer
Authors: El‐Mowafy Ahmed , Kubo Nobuaki
Published: July 2018

Reliable continuing positioning is a critical requirement for intelligent transportation systems (ITS). An integrated positioning system is presented, where the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) real‐time kinematic (RTK) method was mainly used. When RTK is not available, positioning was maintained by using Doppler measurements or by low‐cost inertial measurement unit (IMU) coupled with vehicle odometer measurements. A new integrity monitoring (IM) method is presented that addresses each positioning mode of the proposed integrated system. Models for the protection levels (PLs) are presented to bound the position error (PE) along the direction of motion of the vehicle and for the cross‐track direction. Both direction components are needed, for instance for collision avoidance and for lane identification. The method was assessed through a kinematic test performed in a dense urban environment. Results showed that by integrating GNSS RTK, Doppler with IMU + odometer, positioning was available all the time. For RTK, positioning accuracy was less than a decimetre and the IM availability was 99%, where the PLs bounded the PEs and were less than an alert limit of 1 m. Positioning using Doppler and IMU + odometer measurements bridged RTK breaks but at the sub‐meter level accuracy when used for short periods.
Distance protection in 150/60 kV transformer 60 kV feeders: two real blackout case studies
Authors: Bak Claus Leth , Hansen Magnus Lind , Nissen Jens Ole
Published: July 2018

Correct setting of protection relays are of major importance to the reliable operation of the power system. The root cause of two consecutive blackouts is analysed and shown to origin from a combination of several minor errors which all can be related to an insufficient/wrong setting of the distance relays and their optional functions together with insufficient testing when putting into operation. The learning lessons are discussed and outlined in order to avoid future blackouts having similar origin.
Phase shift compensation method for the line differential protection on UHV‐AC transmission lines
Authors: Habib Md Zakaria , Wang Jianping , Li Youyi , Taylor Nathaniel
Published: July 2018

Line differential protection is popular for its good selectivity and simplicity as long as there is a dependable communication system between the two ends of the line. However, the sensitivity needs to be compromised when the traditional line differential scheme is applied for ultra‐high voltage (UHV)‐alternating current lines because of the large charging current. A study of the impact of the UHV transmission line characteristics on line differential protection and a proposed solution based on the compensation of the phase shift that exists between the sending and receiving end currents are presented.
Distance protection of multiple‐circuit shared tower transmission lines with different voltages and underground cable sections
Authors: Faria da Silva Filipe , Bak Claus L. , Bukh Bjarne
Published: July 2018

Multiple‐circuit transmission lines combining different voltage levels in one tower present extra challenges when setting a protection philosophy, as faults between voltage levels are possible. This study analyses faults in multiple‐circuit transmission lines that are partly underground cable, by investigating the impact of the cable section on the fault current magnitude and operation of distance protection relays, without pilot scheme. The study shows that a cable's bonding configuration and layout have a small impact on the short‐circuit magnitude, whereas the screen's grounding impedance and the presence of an earth continuity conductor impact the fault current magnitude. It was also demonstrated that distance protection relays settings used to protect the higher voltage line against single‐phase‐to‐ground faults are capable of protecting the line against combined faults, for typical line configurations and short‐circuit powers.
Impedance‐based pilot protection for ultra‐high‐voltage/extra‐high‐voltage transmission lines
Authors: Lei Aoyu , Dong Xinzhou , Shi Shenxing , Wang Bin
Published: July 2018

Current differential protection is one of the major protections for extra‐high‐voltage/ultra‐high‐voltage transmission lines, but its performance is severely weakened by the prominent capacitive charging current along transmission lines. Travelling waves take the charging current into account inherently, hence travelling wave‐based protection is not impacted by the charging current. Based on the principle of travelling waves, this study proposes the concept of integrated surge impedance (ISI), which is defined as the ratio of the difference of voltage quantities at two ends of a line to the sum of current quantities at two terminals of the same line. The ISI, closely related to travelling wave differential current, can discriminate between internal and external faults clearly. The ISI‐based criterion is composed of power frequency quantities in order to ensure the robustness of the protection. The action zone is designed on an impedance plane. EMTP simulation verifies the correctness of the proposed pilot protection.
Solutions for blinding of protection in today's and future German LV grids with high inverter penetration – simulative and experimental analysis
Authors: Glinka Felix , Schulte Nicolas , Bertram R. , Schnettler Armin , Koprivšek Mitja
Published: July 2018

The behaviour of today's installed interfaced distributed generators (IIDGs) during grid faults in German low‐voltage grids is regulated in the valid guideline VDE‐AR‐N 4105. Presently, a new revision of this guideline is discussed, defining a higher voltage threshold of 0.85·VN and requiring the IIDG to remain synchronised for a given period of time during low‐voltage dips. An analysis of IIDG using a CIGRE LV benchmark grid shows the possibility of an increase in minimum short‐circuit currents, following the new guideline. Nevertheless, there are still cases in which the behaviour of NH fuses as feeder protection is tempered up to an uncertain tripping behaviour, leading to possible threats for persons and equipment. Furthermore, the used CIGRE LV benchmark grid does not cover all worst‐case scenarios for the analysis of blinding of protection in German grids. It is shown that the usage of digital (directional) overcurrent detection can be a proper solution to cope with the lower short‐circuit currents. The combination of a fuse link allowing the triggered disconnection in the overcurrent range can be a promising solution, especially regarding the retrofit of existing feeders. Laboratory tests with a prototype show a reliable tripping with tripping times of <300 ms.
Regression test approach for testing of protection IEDs to improve field testing quality and support knowledge management
Authors: Marenbach Richard , Albert Michael
Published: July 2018

Life cycles of modern protection IEDs are becoming shorter and shorter. Additionally, the time spans between firmware updates for these devices are decreasing. Therefore, the needs for qualified testing strategies are increasing. The utility needs to verify e.g. the functional requirements, the quality of the new firmware, the correctness of commissioning, the parameter settings and more. This paper focuses on the one hand on the life cycle of a protection device from a utility point of view. The paper classifies the different phases of this life cycle and shows the requirements for testing in different phases. The aspects of testing from first prequalification work to the periodical maintenance tests are discussed. Due to the new approach the testing quality could be increased while the testing time is decreased at the same time. The idea of this method is taken from software development, where a regression test is used to check a new software version. This method requires written definitions describing the various types of tests the IED has to undergo during its life cycle. Due to the high quality of the documentation the utility has a good tool to keep the knowledge in the company.
Travelling wave protection with disturbance classification for distribution grids with distributed generation
Authors: Davydova Nadezhda , Hug Gabriela
Published: July 2018

The high penetration of distributed generation in distribution grids and the development of microgrids may cause the malfunctioning of the conventional distribution level protection systems. Despite multiple works dedicated to addressing this problem, the development of reliable, high‐speed, and cost‐efficient protection systems for active grids remains a topical issue. This study proposes a protection system for medium voltage lines that relies entirely on the analytical description of travelling wave transients. This protection uses only local high‐frequency current measurements and power‐frequency voltage measurements, which potentially makes it a low‐cost yet reliable solution. The protection system operates securely by not tripping healthy lines in case of disturbances that do not lead to any faults. The proposed protection is tested on the IEEE 34‐bus distribution system with distributed generation.
Transient‐based protection technique for future DC grids utilising travelling wave power
Authors: Ikhide Monday , Tennakoon Sarath , Griffiths Alison , Ha Hengxu , Subramanian Sankara , Adamczyk Andrzej
Published: July 2018

This study presents a novel time‐domain protection technique for application to DC grids. The technique utilises the power developed by the forward and backward travelling waves produced by a fault to distinguish between internal and external faults. For an internal fault, the calculated travelling wave power must exceed a predetermined setting; otherwise the fault is external. The ratio between the forward travelling wave power and the backward travelling wave power provides a directional comparison. For a forward directional fault, this ratio is less than unity, whereas the ratio is greater than unity for reverse directional faults. To improve the sensitivity of the protection scheme for long‐distance remote internal fault, a second element utilising the concavity of the forward travelling wave power is proposed. The proposed technique is time domain based and does not require complex mathematical burden; moreover, as such can be easily implemented since it will require fewer hardware resources. Simulations were carried out in power systems computer‐aided design/electromagnetic transient simulations, and the results presented considering wider cases of fault scenarios including 500 Ω remote internal fault shows the suitability of the proposed scheme as all fault scenarios indicated were identified within 500 µs following the application of the fault.
Application of settings and SGs in IEC 61850
Authors: Schossig Thomas
Published: July 2018

Since IEC 61850 became the widely used standard for substation communication with a lot of implementations, advanced approaches became applicable. Setting groups (SGs) are such a topic. The concept of SGs is known for a long time and was used in IEC 60870‐5‐103 already. IEC 61850 extended to approach. This study describes the definitions made within the standard. The SGs services have a relation to another concept in IEC 61850's data model – the logical device hierarchy with its Data Object GrRef. Also, these definitions and their impact on behaviour or IED will be described. The main topic is the practical implementation. Starting with the concept of a utility which will be described the requirements for IEDs and testing equipment will be carved out. Changing and controlling the SGs is a client's task. This study describes the implementation of an IEC 61850 client in testing solutions. An implementation example available in testing software will be presented. Available protection parameters in IED's data model offer a wide range of advanced testing and supervision possibilities. The solution proposed enhances the reliability of the grid and enhances the quality of testing. Implementation of adaptive protection is possible.
Modular protection system for fault detection and selective fault clearing in DC microgrids
Authors: Klosinski Christoph , Ross Patrick , Hemdan Nasser , Kurrat Michael , Gerdinand Frank , Meisner Johann , Passon Stephan , Heinrich Alexander
Published: July 2018

A modular protection system was developed for DC radial microgrids. The novelty of the realised protection system is based on the combination of different fault detection, characterisation and localisation criteria. The protection system was developed based on real‐time monitoring of voltages and currents at different positions within smart modular switches in the DC system. Intelligent modular DC switches were developed for the setup. On the basis of fault detection criteria, protective measures are initiated and appropriate switching signals are sent to the appropriate switches in order to isolate the faulty part. Different fault locations and types have been tested in the laboratory for a 24 V DC test setup. Hence, the selectivity of the new protection concept has been verified.
Practical risk assessment of the relaxation of LOM protection settings in NIE Networks' distribution system
Authors: Dyśko Adam , Tzelepis Dimitrios , Booth Campbell , Pollock Jonathan , Hill David
Published: July 2018

This study presents the methodology, experience and practical outcomes of the risk assessment‐based revision of loss‐of‐mains (LOM) protection settings in the NIE Networks' distribution system. An investigative project has been undertaken by the authors to revise the current LOM practice as recommended by the G59/1/NI regulation and to propose the settings which would meet the all‐Ireland transmission system stability criteria. It is also important to ensure that any increased personal risk is realistically quantified and satisfies the health and safety requirements. Both aspects (i.e. LOM protection stability and sensitivity) are covered in the study. The results and observations included in the study aim to provide the means and supporting evidence for achieving the best compromise in the revision of LOM protection settings.