bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chilling and Low Irradiance on Antioxidant System of Suaeda salsa
Authors: Yang Zhen , Sui Na
Published: February 2014

Suaeda salsaL. grown in saline inland of the Yellow River Delta were used to investigate the effect of chilling and low irradiance on antioxidant systems. Results showed that Fv/Fm and ΦPSII both decreased and the content of soluble protein increased. The H2O2and O2-contents decreased during the first 3 h and then increased. However, the trend of antioxidant enzyme activities was opposite to that of H2O2and O2-contents. These suggested that short time chilling and low irradiance stress may induce an increase of CAT, APX and SOD activities in order to protect plant cell from being damaged by ROS.
Adsorption of Phosphate in Aqueous Solution with Steel Slag
Authors: Tang Jia Xi , Sun Li Na , Yun Yu Pan , He Miao Miao , Lian Mei Hua , Luo Qing
Published: February 2014

The steel slag was used as adsorbent for the adsorption of Phosphate. the isothermal adsorption test studies adsorption of the steel slag on phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen. The results showed that that the steel slag have very strong adsorption capacity on phosphorus. Langmuir adsorption equation can better describe adsorption of steel slag on phosphorus, the max adsorption quantity of steel slag on phosphorus is 9495.916 mg·kg-1, adsorption intensity is 0.0132.
Performance and Microbial Community of Aerobic Granular Sludge Bioreactor
Authors: Zhao Xia , Shen Ji Min , Chen Zhong Lin , Wang Xiao Chun
Published: February 2014

Aerobic granular sludge was cultivated from activated-sludge in sequencing batch reactor. The change of physical properties and the effect of treatment of organic substance and microbial community were studied in the process of the different influent organic loading rate. The results showed that the formation process of aerobic granulation was rapid but the granular sludge was not stable and existed a disintegration-reunion dynamic balance system. The value of MLSS descended from 5.12g/L to 1.03g/L. The removal efficiency of NH4+-N decreased to 74.17% and total phosphorous (TP) removal efficiency maintained beyond 90% all the while. The CODCr removal was over 85% which higher than that of after adding in methanol, then reduced but had trend of rise to 31.89% at last. Microbial species in granulation were speculated by detecting polyhydroxyalkan- oates between granular sludge and activated sludge in the reactor. The results showed that microbial species of activated sludge are more diverse.
Sonochemical Composition of Humic Substances with Magnetic Nanoparticles and H2O2
Authors: Wang Song Lin , Dan Ming , Wu Si , Zhou Ning , Zhang Qi
Published: February 2014

The experiments of TOC and UV254 removal of humic acid (HA) solution by ultrasound (US) irradiation with the presence of H2O2 and Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NP) were carried out. The comparison of enhancement effect of humic acid sonolysis by H2O2 and NP was investigated. It was found that removal efficiency of TOC and UV254 increased significantly in the order of US< US/NP< US/H2O2< NP/H2O2< US/NP/H2O2. During US/NP/H2O2 combining process, the contribution of H2O2 should be presenting most OH radicals for humic acid degradation, Fe3O4 nanoparticles would supply adsorption surface for humic acid to have more chance to be oxidized, and ultrasonic would work as main energy for OH radicals generation and offer sonochemical environment.
Different Filter Material on the Northeast Biological Iron Manganese Removal Effect of Groundwater in the Countryside
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhang Hui Lan , You Kun , Yuan Ya Shu
Published: February 2014

Experimental study on the manganese sand, magnetite, quartz sand, ceramsite, volcanic rock in northeast China five different filter material of groundwater, and the effects of biological iron and manganese removal. Test results show that the effect of 4 kinds of filter material in addition to iron and manganese in turn is: manganese sand > magnetite > quartz sand > ceramsite.
A Study on Coastal Ecosystem Health Assessment in Qingdao Based on Press-State-Response Model
Authors: Dou Yong , Chen Rui Nan , Zhou Wen Li
Published: February 2014

In order to get a scientific assessment of the coastal ecosystem health in Qingdao, a study on ecosystem health assessment of Qingdao coastal zone during 1998-2009 based on press-state-response (PSR) model contained a series of indicators was conducted. In this paper, the integrated ecosystem health index was calculated through weight values multiplied the standardization values of the indicators. The results indicated that the IEHI in the coastal zone of Qingdao fluctuated by a large margin during 1998-2009, when the IEHI range from 0.35 to 0.84, and the ecosystem was in the states of unhealthy and subhealthy in most of the time interval. The urban expansion and the three wastes were the dominating pressure factors which effected the coastal ecosystem health. The atmosphere and inshore environment took a turn for the worse, while the cultivated land resource exhausted almost. In order to improve the coastal ecosystem health, it was quite necessary to increase the forest coverage rate, tertiary industry proportion and investment in environmental protection.
The Effects of Indoor Air Speed on the Thermal Comfort of Human Body in Winter
Authors: Wang Jiao Lin , Chen Lu
Published: February 2014

Air speed affects convective and evaporative heat losses from the human body. Some physiological parameters such as conduction speeds of nerves and body temperature are considered to can directly indicate the responses of human body to air speed. The aim of this paper is to seek the appropriate physiological parameters and acquire the primary affected trends. The research methods included questionnaire, physic test, and physiology test. Through changing the indoor air speed, tested the body temperature, conduction speeds of sensory nerve and motorial nerve of the subjects and recorded the subjects subjective thermal senses. With the increase of blowing time, the conduction speeds of sensory nerve and motorial nerve both tend to diminish. The thermal senses vote changes quickly from neutrality to light cool and cool. This experiment also shows thermal comfort senses can be expressed with the quantification form of the physiology indexes.
Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Air Quality in Car
Authors: Wang Ruo Jun , Xu Yan Ying , Si Qing Min
Published: February 2014

Air quality in car is attracted attention more and more but the air quality evaluation is difficult to achieve standardization in short time. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was introduced in this paper. The in-car air quality classification method was determined. Weight of each index factor was determined according to the degree of different pollutants harm to human. The evaluation results would provide theoretical basis for the comparison of different in-car air quality conditions and air pollution control. An example was given to illustrate the application of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.
Time Series Correlation Analysis of Pollution in Marine Environment Waters
Authors: Zhao Ying Jie , Li Ming Chang , Li Guang Lou , Cao Yuan Yuan
Published: February 2014

The correlation analysis of pollution time series is an essential tool for obtaining the relationship in adjacent marine waters and the source of pollution. In this paper, the correlation of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in the Caofeidian marine district and the Beidaihe marine district, Tangshan Bay is analyzed. The spearman correlation coefficient computation method and the least squares fitting method are used for the correlation and the trend respectively. The research results show that the trend of DIN is on the rise in recently. Simultaneously, some certain correlation exists in the Caofeidian marine district and the Beidaihe marine district, owing to the adjacent characteristics and synchronous development in this district.
Yunnan Haba Snow Mountain Ecological Safety Evaluation Based on the Landscape Ecological Pattern
Authors: Li Hui , Meng Fan Tao , Li Zhi Ying , Wang Cong Cong , Li Pan , Jing Jing , Li Guo Yan
Published: February 2014

Land ecological security research has gradually become concerned field on global. Using on the Haba Snow Mountain as an example try to discuss the evaluation of ecological security based on change of the landscape ecological pattern in the paper. In GIS, RS and GPS support and accordance with the principles of landscape ecology and using new grid map method has been 1993 and 2006 Haba Snow Mountain ecological safety evaluation and space differentiation. There are temperate coniferous forest, grassland, sclerophyll broad-leaved forest, warm coniferous forest, water area, residential land, semi-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, ice and snow land nine landscape types, and temperate coniferous forest and grassland are dominant landscape in the study area, both area has accounted about 67% of the total area. The results show that from 1993 to 2006 the whole landscape pattern has changed less in the area. Land ecological security level space differentiation is very obvious. Ecological security level high altitude area is superior to low altitude area, the core area is superior to the edge area, north area is superior to the southern area. Land ecological security in the study area whole is in good level. From 1993 to 2006 years land ecological security level has declined in the area. Research on ecological safety planning to provide basis for ecological safety planning and for similar high mountain canyon area also has reference value.
Nutrient Recovery from Piggy Wastewater by Enhancing Struvite Crystallization Process
Authors: Zhang Tao , Fang Ci , Li Ping , Jiang Rong Feng
Published: February 2014

The problem of nutrient pollution from piggy wastewater has been considered as a serious problem. Enhancing struvite crystallization process is an efficient technology for ammonium recovery. In our study, the optimal reaction conditions of pH, Mg2+: NH4+: PO43- molar ratio, mixing reaction time, and different kinds of chemicals combinations for ammonium recovery were examined. The conclusions were drawn as following. The optimal pH for ammonium recovery was 9.0. The optimal Mg2+: NH4+: PO43- molar ratio for ammonium recovery was 1.3:1:1. The optimal mixing reaction time for ammonium recovery was 10 min. The chemicals combination of MgCl2 + Na2HPO4 was the most efficient for ammonium recovery. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated the unshaped struvite crystal was coarse and its size was irregular.
Simultaneous Removal of Nitrate and Pentachlorophenol from Drinking Water Using Wheat Straw as Carbon Source
Authors: Wang Xu Ming , Qiu Tian Lei , Gao Min , Han Mei Lin , Gao Jun Lian
Published: February 2014

A novel denitrification process with wheat straw as both carbon source and biofilm carrier was developed to simultaneously remove nitrate and pentachlorophenol (PCP) from contaminated drinking water. The experimental results indicated that the reactor packed with wheat straw could be started up readily, and the removal efficiencies of nitrate and PCP reached approximately 98% and 40%, respectively, with 8 h of HRT at 25 °C. A significant increase in PCP removal was observed with prolonged HRT. Approximately 85% of PCP removal efficiency was reached, and 1.61mg/L of chloride ion was released from the contaminated water containing 5 mg/L of PCP with 16 h of HRT. Reductive dechlorination reaction was a major degradation mechanism of PCP under the denitrifying conditions with wheat straw as carbon source.
Turbidity Effect on the Fluorescence Determination of Chlorophyll-a in Water
Authors: Cui Jian Sheng , Lv Peng Yi
Published: February 2014

The effect of turbidity on the determination of chlorophyll a by laboratory fluorometry-RF5301-Spectrofluorophotometer and online fluorescence instrumentthe On-line Detector for Seawater' chlorophyll were investigated.Using the RF5301-Spectrofluorophotometer determined the fluorescence intensity value of chlorophyll a with different turbidity,using the On-line Detector for Seawater' chlorophyll determined the chlorophyll a concentration with the different turbidity Microcystis aeruginosa samples and water samples.Analyzed the turbidity effect on fluorimetric determination results of chlorophyll a.Researches showed that when the water turbidity was large, due to the strong scattering effect of suspended particulate matter the chlorophyll a determined by fluorometry were on the high side.
The Effect of Aeration Rate on COD Removal from High Salinity Wastewater in SBR Process
Authors: Chang Gong Fa , Hong Wei , Bian Xiao , Liu Bo , Tan Xin , Su Ying
Published: February 2014

Chemical companies, food industries usually produce wastewaters with high salinity. In consideration of economy, biological methods are preferred to physicochemical methods to remove organic matters. When sequence batching reactors are applied, aeration rate is of great importance to the COD removal efficiency. In this bench scale experiment, the aeration rate of 0.40 m3/m3.min led to sludge disintegration, poor COD removal efficiency and superfluous foam. After sludge conditioner addition, the aeration rate of 0.19 m3/m3.min led to good sludge flocs, satisfactory COD removal efficiency and few foam. It is the oxidizing environment caused by the high dissolved oxygen that harmed the sludge and made it work with low efficiency.
Remote Gas Emission Flux Sensing in a Thermal Power Plant Using Shadow Image Processing
Authors: Neff Helmut , Uwe Kurt Melcher Elmar , Macêdo Fechine Régis de Araújo Joseana , de Brito Espinola Sergio , Gomes Teixeira Júnior Adalberto , Trajano Feitosa Samir , de Brito Espinola Gustavo , Vinícius da Costa Cândido Sergio
Published: February 2014

Total flue gas emission is a crucial quantity for control of environmental impact in thermal power plants. Direct gas flow measurements by Pitot tubes and other sensors are hampered by the very high temperature at the exhaust, high content of carbon soot and frequently turbulent flow conditions, which cause a non-parabolic flow profile across the exhaust cross section. We are developing an optical imaging method for gas flux measurements, using shadow video imaging of the dynamic hot gas emission profile at the power plant exhaust. All, high exhaust gas temperature, pressure increase and carbon soot content cause small variations of the refractive index. This deflects a considerable amount direct sunlight under inclined solar illumination conditions (at approx 38 deg inclination angle), and results in a rather sharp contrast and clear shadow image of the gas flow above the exhaust. This feature is not observable in direct transmission imaging. The distant flow shadow image pattern, as seen on the plant floor, is video monitored over a short time period and the dynamic image evolution digitally processed and analyzed. The presented method is similar to the well known optical so-called Schlieren imaging technique. Initial video processing algorithms and results are presented that provide the flue gas flow velocity directly at the exhaust exit, being close to the expected values, obtained from power plant process parameters.
Study on the Selected Lignite Using as Organic Carbon in the Treatment of Nitrate Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Jiang Ting Liang , Li Di , Wang He Li
Published: February 2014

Twelve kinds of lignite from different areas of China were used for the study of solid-phase biodenitrification. The amount of released carbon, rate of nitrate removal and acute toxicity were examined for all the lignite samples. The results showed that the averaged nitrate removal rates of lignite from Wangniutan and Zhangjiakou were higher than the others, which can reach above 30%. The averaged removal rates of lignite from Zhaotong, Aksu and Faku were more than 20%, and others were less than 10%. Lignite from Wangniutan, Zhangjiakou, Aksu and Faku were more suitable fillers as biodenitrification carbon for its less luminescent bacteria acute toxicity.
The Performance Impact of Hair Dyeing Sewage on Biological Treatment
Authors: Yin Jun , Kai Yan , Liu Wei , Hu Ying , Meng Fan Xin
Published: February 2014

To domestic sewage, mixed sewage with hair dyeing sewage and low concentrations of hair dyeing sewage as objects, studied by experiments SBR remove its COD, total phosphorus, ammonia, nitrogen efficiency, the results show that the hair dyeing sewage on SBR to remove COD, total phosphorus, ammonia has little effect, the low concentration hair dyeing sewage can be handled through biological methods, its COD, total phosphorus, total nitrogen removal efficiency can reach 79.11%, 92.16%, 74.51%, 55.93%, However, due to the hair dyeing sewage has cyclic organic matter may inhibit the role of heterotrophic bacteria, affecting the biological nitrogen removal, the nitrogen removal rate of hair dyeing sewage decreased 14.70% than domestic sewage.
Experiment Research on Industrial Saline Wastewater Treatment Base on Evaporative Concentration Method
Authors: Wang Zheng Yong , Zhao Yu Qing , Li Zhi Yong , Zhang Fan , Fan Qu , Wu Zhan , Li Yang , Du Jin , Zhao Chang Zhong
Published: February 2014

For rational utilization of industrial wastewater containing salt, this paper puts forward a method to evaporate and concentrate salty water by applicating no padding evaporative cooling tower. This paper has established a testing bench of evaporation and concentration of salt-containing wastewater and fresh water recovery system. The actual operating characteristic of the testing bench is also tested. Tests showed that evaporated quantity of water of the system ranged from 1.8 to 2.2t/h under the conditions of salt water inlet temperature between 30°C and 40°C.It proves that the proposed salt-containing wastewater treatment is feasible.
Industrialization of Pollution-Purifying Agriculture to Control Non-Point Source Pollution in Poyang Lake Area
Authors: Wu Zhong Wei , Lu Xi Wu
Published: February 2014

Poyang Lake is under the potential threaten from water eutrophication. The implementation of pollution-purifying agricultural industrialization in the Poyang Lake area is an important strategy for controlling the non-point source pollution and achieving economic transformation in the area. In this article, the characteristics of pollution-purifying agriculture and the advantages for its industrialization in the Poyang Lake is discussed. The suitable patterns for the implementation of purifying-agricultural industrialization in Poyang Lake are also proposed.
Spatial Variation and Source Analysis of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of the Hejiang River, China
Authors: Wang Shao Peng , Wang Ying Hui , Zhang Rui Jie , Xu Dao Quan
Published: February 2014

To fully understand the levels of heavy metal contamination and potential ecological risk,content level and distribution characteristics of nine kinds of heavy metal (Ti, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu, Hg, As, Al) were analyzed in surface sediments collected in Hejiang River which flows through Hezhou City, a typical developing city in China. Researching enrichment regularity and the possible source of heavy metals by correlation analysis, as well geo-accumulation index (Igeo) was calculated to assess the anthropogenic contamination in the region. Results showed that the levels of sediment heavy metals followed the order: Al > Zn > As > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd > Tl > Hg; obvious positive correlations were observed amongst the concentrations of Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Cu, Al; the pollution extent of heavy metals in sediments by geo-accumulation index (Igeo) followed the order: Cd > As > Zn > Cu > Pb > Hg > Al > Cr > Tl, the pollution extent of Cd and As were serious at m sampling sites.
Study on Distribution and Variation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Guangxi Coastal Seawater during Dry Season
Authors: Huang Cui Mei , Guo Meng Fei , Xian Ping , Yang Long Hui , Liu Xi , Lan Wen Lu
Published: February 2014

To study the distribution of heavy metal pollution in Guangxi coastal water, we set up 10 monitoring stations in Guangxi coastal water, monitored and analyzed Hg, Cu, Pb, Cd, As, Zn and Cr in each monitoring stations during 2007 and 2009 dry season. The results show that the heavy metal pollutants distribution concentration of Guangxi coastal water during the dry season can meet Grade I sea water quality standard. From 2007 to 2009, heavy metal pollution of Guangxi coastal water is reduced. Heavy metal contents in seawater of all stations is decreased expected Cu, whose content is slightly elevated. And besides the reduction of As is small, other heavy metals declined obviously, theirs contents are all below or near the detection limit. Cu contamination of seafood proliferative zone and dredged sludge dumping areas need to be strengthened supervision.
The Content and Contamination Characteristic of Heavy Metals in Road Greenbelt Soil
Authors: Du Hong Xia , Zhang Jun , Wang Li , Bai Xue
Published: February 2014

To identify the concentration of heavy metals in greenbelt soils of urban road in different functional zones, 0-15cm and 15-30cm soils were collected from south suburbs of Xian City. The concentrations of Cr, Pb, and Cu were determined and contamination level were assessed using single pollution index and geoaccumulation index. The results indicated that the highest contamination level was dominated by Pb and Cu. In addition, Pb was accumulated in 0-15cm soils especially, and the concentrations of three heavy metals in 0-15cm were higher than those in 15-30cm. The geoaccumulation index indicated that the contamination levels of these heavy metals in descending order was industrial area, busy roads, commercial areas, and park areas. The highest contamination degree of heavy metals were dominated by Cu, followed by Pb , which have correlation with industrial activities and traffic transport, while no Cr polluted.
The Quantitative Analysis Methods and Application of Environmental Impact on Railway Location
Authors: Zhang Rui Juan , Han Feng
Published: February 2014

Based on the protection cost method, shadow engineering method, and some other discounting methods, the economic losses caused by the environmental damage was equivalent to specific monetary value. And put these methods into the environmental evaluation problems of Xibao railway line construction. After application, it plays an important role in the multi-objective railway location decision-making.
A New Ecological Flow Assessment Method Based on Spatial-Temporal Variability and Transferability
Authors: Li Chang Wen , Kang Ling
Published: February 2014

To solve transferability and spatial-temporal variability problems of ecological flow (EF) criteria existed in traditional Tennant methods, a new modified Tennant method was proposed. Considering the temporal variability and influence of extreme flows on average annual flow, the EF criteria for every month and water year were set as variables, and median monthly flow was taken as the optimum EF ceiling. Considering transferability and spatial variation of ecological objectives in different water function zones, the mean of monthly flow under 95% guaranteed rate and minimum monthly flow was used as the minimum EF. To avoid arbitrary use of EF criteria at all levels, the idea of arithmetic progression was introduced. On achieving satisfactory verification, the new approach was applied in the Hanjiang River as a case study. It is found that this new approach is reasonable with excellent spatial-temporal variability.
Remote Monitoring of Environment by Android Smartphone through Secure Sockets Layer
Authors: Huang Wen Da
Published: February 2014

A multichannel data acquisition device connected to a linux ubuntu computer was used to measure environmental gamma rays intensity and energy spectrum. LabVIEW program stored the data in memory mapped MySQL table during acquisition, java server program sent data to android client through secure sockets layer (SSL). Generation of keystore files and implementation of SSL communication were discussed.
Effects of the Amount of Additives on Sludge Composting in Northern Cold Regions
Authors: Zhao Ke , Zhang Yu , Yan Yu , Wang Bei
Published: February 2014

Under laboratory conditions, by determining the appropriate proportion added to sludge, composting experiments were carried out to achieve the best results in cold climates. Aerobic sludge composting reactors adopted positive forced aeration for static pile. Additives and sludge were mixed at the volume ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 respectively. By investigating the change laws of temperature, moisture, organic matter, pH, total phosphorus and ammonium, the maturity of sludge composting was evaluated. During the composting at the volume ratio of 2:1, the temperature could rise quickly, the moisture and organic matter declined apparently, and the total phosphorus content increased significantly. Besides, the rest of the indicators all met the maturity standards. Under the condition, sewage sludge could be converted to organic fertilizer in favor of the growth of crops through composting process.
Research on Measure of Energy-Saving and Environmental Protection in Foundry Industry
Authors: Li Ji Gao , Zhang Qian
Published: February 2014

According the high energy consumption and pollution in foundry industry, the reason of high energy consumption and the source of the pollution were analyzed. Based on the analysis, for the sustainable development of foundry industry, some effective measures were suggested: defining the responsibility of all referred parties (governor and enterpriser); trying to save energy and protect environment from the source; reusing the waste scientifically.
Research on Fire-Fighting Capability of Rural Villagers
Authors: Gao Rui Xia , Tian Shui Cheng , Zhang Heng
Published: February 2014

In order to understand the fire-fighting capability of rural villagers, a part of villagers in North China are taken as examples and more than 100 villagers are sampled as a sample. The statistic is done using the method of recycling questionnaire survey on the spot. The data is then analyzed using the Chinese version Excel2003 and SPSS17.0. The results show that the villagers neither grasp well the legal knowledge of fire-fighting nor skillfully use fire extinguishers, and more than 50% of the villagers do not know Fire Awareness Day, even the ones with college degrees. The formula of rural villagers fire-fighting capacity is initially proposed. The rural villagers fire-fighting capacity is calculated using the proposed formula to calculate in North China, and the result is 69.76, which indicates the capacity belongs to the middle level and need to improve the villagers fire-fighting ability through a variety of ways and means.
An Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Water Resources in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Zhou Qi , Pang Yong
Published: February 2014

In view of the difficulty in giving a quantitative description of the degree of uneven distribution of water resources, this paper, based on a cloud model, explores the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water resources in some research areas in Guangdong Province by using quantitative methods. The results show that, firstly, cloud images of a cloud model make it possible to describe intuitively the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distribution of water resources and present the differences of these characteristics in different areas through numerical characteristic values. Secondly, there are the least amounts of water resources in western Guangdong and the most in the Pearl River Delta Area. Temporal allocation of water resources is difficult in the northern and eastern parts of this province while spatial allocation difficult in the eastern and western parts. Thirdly, there are more water resources, less non-uniformity in the temporal distribution, greater stability in terms of temporal and spatial distribution but greater non-uniformity in the spatial distribution of water resources in the downstream than upstream of the Pearl River in Guangdong Province. Fourthly, there is less non-uniformity in the spatial distribution than in the temporal distribution in northern Guangdong while stability of spatial distribution is worse than that of the temporal distribution in western Guangdong. In addition, there is less uniformity but greater stability in the spatial distribution than in the temporal distribution of water resources in each research area.
Applicability Evaluation of WASMOD in Tarim Basin
Authors: Peng Jue Yi , Li Zhan Ling , Xu Zhi Xia
Published: February 2014

Tarim basin,which located in north-west of China, is a very important zone both on ecology and economy. How much discharge could it produce has significant importance to the residents' life and the progress of this region. Beside of rainfall, the glaciers that existed plentifully in the upstreams have a great role in this basin which due to the very quantity of snow-melt. In this study, we choose Akesu river that belongs to this basin to be object. The WASMOD hydrologic model used in this program has both snow-melt and rainfall modules with eight sub-models. This article probed into different sub models applicabilities to Akesu river and came to a conclusion of which sub model was best suitable to it. On the basis of optimum model which calibrated by data from 1978-1987 monthly precipitation, evaporation, fast speed flow and base flow, we simulated real evaporation, slow flow, fast flow and total volume of runoff around 2001-2004.The result showed a good applicability of WASMOD in Tarim Basin.
Statistical Relation between Environmental Parameters in Ireland and Precipitation across UK
Authors: Li Xiong , Pan Ying
Published: February 2014

The relation was studied between the meteorological parameters in Ireland and the precipitation of UK by rainfall ratio Ro method. It was found that the surface temperature in Ireland had significant relation with the rainfall of UK. After discussing the pitfalls of Ro method that Ro could vary by a variance in the numerator or the denominator, and discussing whether variance of Ro was caused by the parameter in Ireland or the same parameter in UK, quantitative study showed that for each adding 1°C of the monthly surface temperature in Ireland, the monthly precipitation at 59 percent stations in UK would decrease by 3.8-12.1%.
An Innovative Study on the Fluid-Sloshing Wave-Energy Conversion System (FSWECS)
Authors: Lee Hsien Hua , Wu T.C. , Wu Z.Y.
Published: February 2014

In this study, a new type of energy converting system is developed and installed in an offshore platform structure to take the advantage of strong motion of the platform subjected to waves. It is a device that by utilizing the sloshing power of the fluid stored in a U-shape tube, the turbine of the electric power generator is driven and electricity can be generated. By following previous experimental studies in basic vibration behavior for the FSWECS device that under various periods and amplitudes of the stroke in the experimental tests, can effectively convert vibration motion into electricity power, a further test for the effectiveness of energy converted from the FSWECS device was performed in a water-tank. Parameters identified in previous studies including the natural periods of the FSWECS device, the strokes of the vibration and the relationship between the amount of the liquid filled in the tube and the dynamic character of the device are further studied when subjected to a simulated wave.
Analysis of Water Movement through an Unsaturated Soil Zone in Jinan Southern Mountain Using Stable Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes
Authors: Wang Yong Sen , Xu Zheng He
Published: February 2014

The stable isotope compositions of soil water from the profiles at Jinan southern mountain reveal information about the mechanism of soil movement. The stable isotopes in soil water have a wide range from-8.92 to-5.95 forδ18O and-50.01 to-79.44 forδD . The mean isotope values is-7.75 forδ18O and 65.84 forδD. The low-δD of shallow (<5cm) soil water is due to the precipitation infiltration. And deep soil water (>5cm) is enrichment, which indicates the soil water is evaporated before recharging. The stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope are plotted near the meteoric water line. The trend line for the relationship between δ18O and δD of soil water is given.
The Effect of Precursor Mixing Temperature during Precipitation Process on the Size of ZnO Nanoparticles and the Dispersion of ZnO@SiO2 Core-Shell Nanostructure
Authors: Yuwono Akhmad Herman , Sofyan Nofrijon , Hamdani Vincentius , Sholehah Amalia , Arief Muhammad
Published: February 2014

ZnO nanoparticles have been used for many applications, including in cell labeling application. Its light emission can be used to determine and identify biology cells. Wet chemical precipitation method has been successfully done to synthesize the nanoparticle and it was subsequently continued by encapsulating with silica to keep ZnO stabilized in water to be properly used in cell labeling application. Varying precipitation temperatures has been performed to control the nanoparticle size and the addition of F127 surface active agent was carried out to prevent the agglomeration. The results showed the smallest nanoparticle (3.49 nm) was obtained from the process with temperature of 25oC, with the highest band gap energy, 3.12 eV. On the other hand, the largest nanoparticle (13.16 nm) was obtained from synthesis at temperature of 65oC, with the lowest band gap energy, 3.08 eV. These levels of band gap energy are potentially suitable for cell labeling application.
Nano-Gold Particles on Cerium Oxide for Catalytic Combustion of Formaldehyde
Authors: Qin Yu , Ye Hua , Li Fa Zeng , Kong Xiang Zhong , Mei Jing
Published: February 2014

Nanometer-sized gold particles supported on Cerium Oxide (CeO2) were prepared by the method of deposition-precipitation. These catalysts exhibited good activity for the combustion of formaldehyde and the factors affected the activity of the catalyst were observed. The results showed that CeO2 powder prepared by Ce (NO3)3.6H2O and citric acid were small and gold can disperse on CeO2 easily. 1.83wt% Au/CeO2 exhibited the highest activity when velocity of 0.37% formaldehyde was 0.5L/min and corresponding contact time between gas and catalyst was 2h. Formaldehyde removal ratio after treating was up to 80% at 80°C and complete burn-off of formaldehyde was achieved at 120°C. The XRD and TEM results indicated that nanogold particles (≤20nm) were dispersed on cerium oxide homogeneously.
Analysis Flue Gas DeNOx Technology for Float Glass Furnace
Authors: Ling Shao Hua , Jing Chang Yong , Li Xiao Liang
Published: February 2014

This paper analyzes and discusses the application for flue gas DeNOx technology in the float glass furnace, combining float glass furnace technology and flue gas characteristics. To 500T/D float glass furnace, study float glass furnace flue gas SCR DeNOx technology solutions, and analyzes economic and environmental benefits for float glass furnace flue gas SCR DeNOx technology.
Intersubband Transitions in Asymmetric Quantum Wells with External Electric Field
Authors: Liu Zhao Xu , Zhu Jun , Ha Si Hua
Published: February 2014

The quantum-confined Stark effect on the optical absorption of intersubband transitions in an asymmetric AlxGa1-xN/In0.3Ga0.7N/GaN quantum wells is investigated by means of the density matrix formulism. The built-in electric field generated by the piezoelectric and spontaneous polarizations competing against to the external electric fields is considered. As the result, the influences of the built-in and external electric fields on the energy potentials and the eigen stares are discussed in detail. When the positive external electric field is applied, the peak values of the absorption coefficients from 3-2, 2-1 and 3-1 transitions are reduced and moved to the lower photon energy levels. With the negative field, the exactly opposite results can be obtained. Moreover, it is indicated that the results of the wavelengths from the 3-2, 2-1 and 3-1 transitions are reduced by the positive external electric field and increased by the negative field.
A Simplified Design Method of Horizontal Axis Tidal Energy Turbine Blade
Authors: Wang Xiao Hang , Zhang Li , Zhang Liang
Published: February 2014

Horizontal axis tidal turbines (HATTs) are efficient in converting tidal energy. Improvements in the design of the HATTs require a thorough understanding of the energy conversion process. In this paper, the design of a HATT with two blades is conducted by blade element momentum theory (BEM). In this simplified method, the eddy current induced by the rotors hub and tips were considered while ignoring the blade elements drag items. Based on the assumption of maximum power of blade elements, the distribution of blade elements flow angle and the chord length coefficient along the radius can be assumed to be associated only with the blade elements tip speed ratio (TSR) which is dimensionless. This approach was validated by comparing the simulation results with computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A good qualitative match between the expected value and simulation results was observed, indicating that the design method is feasible and reasonable.
Study on Numerical Simulation of Internal Flow Field for the Multi Blade Centrifugal Fan
Authors: Zhang Sheng Li , Li Hua Xing
Published: February 2014

This paper points out that the traditional design method of multi blade centrifugal fan are great uncertainty in selecting the structure parameters: lead to many design results, do many tests. Internal flow field of multi blade centrifugal fan was simulated with the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent, and the numerical results are analyzed. Comparison of the numerical results with the test results shows that numerical simulation has good accuracy and reliability. The design program and a design example is gived according to the design theory of multi blade centrifugal fan. Method is verified by numerical simulation for the example. Test results show that the design program is reliable.
Study on the Wireless Power Transmission Technology for the Implantable Cardiac Pacemaker
Authors: Li Yan Hong , Liu Xiu Quan
Published: February 2014

The working principle of a Wireless Power Transmission technology (WPT) system of the implantable cardiac pacemaker was introduced. Then, based on Ansoft Maxwell software, the three-dimensional finite element model of the WPT system was established. Finally the influence of some parameters, such as the gap and radial migration of the primary and secondary winding, ferrite core, working frequency on the self - inductance, mutual inductance, and the coupling performance were studied. The results show that with the gap or radial migration increasing, the self- inductance is almost same, but the mutual inductance and coupling coefficient decrease; the ferrite core may significantly enhance the inductance and coupling performance; the inductance and coupling coefficient has nothing to do with the working frequency.
An Environmentally Friendly Composite Composed of Short-Cut Grass and Starch
Authors: Wu Chuan Bao , Zeng Xiang Hui
Published: February 2014

Short-cut grass and starch were selected as raw materials to prepare environmentally friendly composite by hot-pressing method. Results indicated that short-cut grass and starch were easily mixed uniformly by water medium and adapt to hot-pressing process. Hot-pressing time and hot-pressing temperature influenced the performances of composites. The strength and elongation first increase and then decrease with the increase of two processing factors. Tensile strength and strength at fracture reach 2.3 MPa and 1.2 MPa respectively when hot-pressing was performed at 140 °C for 10 min. The tensile strength is always higher than strength at tensile fracture and the elongation at fracture is always higher than that at maximum force. This indicates that the fracture of composite is ductile fracture. The hardness of composite is uneven. Long hot-pressing time resulted in not too obvious decrease of hardness.
Analysis the Noise Sources and Control Measures of High Speed Railway
Authors: Zhu Hai Yan , Wu Ping Bo , Zeng Jing , Teng Wan Xiu
Published: February 2014

High speed railway noise caused serious noise pollution to human living environment around the railway. This article mainly analyzes the causes and characteristics of the high-speed railway noise from the wheel/rail noise, aerodynamic noise and collector system noise. And take these three aspects as objects, the high-speed railway noise control measures are detailed analyzed to reduce the high speed railway noise harmful to the environment and human life, which has more practical significance to human being.
Numerical Study on Cross-Flow around Three Cylinders Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Lv Xiang Cui , Zhang Wei , Zhang Dian Xin
Published: February 2014

The flow around three cylinders in isosceles left-triangle and right-triangle configurations at Reynolds number of 200 are investigated using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Vortex shedding pattern and evolution process in the wake of each cylinder in the two cases are analyzed with a spacing ratio of 4. Results show that the flow pattern in the right-triangle configuration is symmetrical and the vortex shedding is anti-phase. Meanwhile, vortex shedding in-phase is observed in the left-triangle configuration which is due to the effect of the periodical vortex shedding behind upstream cylinder. The evolution process of vortex in the wakes of the cylinders for left-triangle configuration is simulated numerically.
Study on Development Path of Electric Vehicle in China from a View of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction
Authors: Kong Wei Zheng , Huang Bi Bin , Li Qiong Hui , Wang Xiao Lu
Published: February 2014

In this paper, the change of fossil energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) and pollutant emissions are calculated when petroleum based vehicles (PBVs) are taken place by EVs based upon the full-cycle energy efficiency theory with the energy efficiency measured from well to wheel.. Calculation results show that the fossil energy consumption, CO2, monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions can be reduced with the substitution of EVs for vehicles that burn gasoline (GVs), but nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions increase. When vehicles that burn diesel (DVs) are replaced by EVs, the emissions of pollutants except SO2 will be reduced, but the emissions of CO2 and SO2 will increase. Considering the proportion of coal-fired power generation to the total power generation in China, the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction cannot be perfectly achieved by the substitution of PBVs by EVs. Therefore, the proportion of clean energy generation should be increased in China and technological updating of coal-fired power plants for reducing CO2 and pollutant emissions are necessary as well. Besides, GVs, other than DVs, should be replaced by EVs from the perspective of energy conservation and CO2 emission.
Analysis of Rigid Pile Composite Foundation under Horizontal Load
Authors: Ma Jing
Published: February 2014

This paper studies the forming condition,reinforcement mechanism and failure condition of composite foundation, and summarizes the failure mode under horizontal load, at the end of the paper, based on these theory,the p-y Curve which Concerned with the reinforcement mechanism analysis and calculation of composite foundation has been studied.
Construction and Development of a New Ecological Facade
Authors: Wang Fang , Hou Fang Dong , Liu Xiao Qin
Published: February 2014

Double skin facade has been popular in China since new century. It provides challenges to deal with overheating problems in air cavity and improve energy saving effects in hot summer and cold winter climate zone in China. This paper develops a new ecological facade which includes three key elements: a ventilated double skin facade, a tillandsia usneoides plant curtain and watering. The biological characteristics especially the absorbtivity of tillandsia usneoides were analyzed via SEM scanning photographs. Bud scales and mesophyll cells of tillandsia usneoides are the main tissues to keep water. Then a method to construct an ecological double skin facade using condensation water was introduced.
The Effects of Window Film on the Performance of Window System
Authors: Jang Min Seon , Choi Gyeong Seok , Kang Jae Sik , Kim Yumin
Published: February 2014

Window film is generally attached the glazing in buildings to improve the thermal performance of the window system by addressing a range of problems such as indoor temperature rise, indoor temperature imbalance, degraded heating and cooling load due to excessive influx of solar radiation. To evaluate the performance of window films, window films are attached to 3mm or 6mm clear glass. However, window films are generally used on existing window systems for reducing the annual energy consumption. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate the performance of window films depending on the performance of glazing such as clear double glazing or low-e double glazing. Thus the purpose of this study is to analyze the performance of window systems when window film is attached. As a result, in the case of applying window films for reducing the SHGC of buildings, it is necessary to select window films suitable for the configuration and performance of the glazing to be installed, considering the SHGC of the entire glazing system.
The Analysis of Residential Building Multi-Objective Optimization Model Based on Life Circle
Authors: Li Yan , Jiang Jian Ping , Du Jie , Cai Lin Mei
Published: February 2014

Use the established multi-objective optimization model to optimize the benchmark building scheme. By comparing the analysis of the benchmark buildings efficient optimization, the established multi-objective optimization model in this paper has higher accuracy and stability, and can be used to guide the scheme design of engineering designer.
Application Research of the Efficient Detection for Permeability of the Large Marine Concrete Structures
Authors: Wang Ying Fei , Dong Gui Hong , Deng Fa , Fan Zhi Hong
Published: February 2014

Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the main structure is immersed tube tunnel bridge, its design life of 120 years, to find a suitable detection method is essential to assess the durability of the tunnel to ensure quality. TORRENT detection method and concrete testing radar combining such a large cross-section of the tunnel concrete structures nondestructive testing, test results show that the combination of these two methods on its own merits, the principle can efficiently detect large section structure permeability. NDT permeability through the tunnel to achieve effective assessment of the quality of concrete.
Dynamic Simulation of Thermal Environment of Solar Greenhouse Using State-Space Method
Authors: Du Jian Jun , Guo Xin Yu , Wu Jian Wei , Yang Bao Zhu
Published: February 2014

A dynamic simulation method of thermal environment was presented to evaluate the thermal performance of solar greenhouse. Solar greenhouse was firstly simplified into several components according to characteristics of its structure and materials, and then each component was divided into several temperature elements. For each element, heat balance equation was respectively built and integrated into a lumped model which was used to describe the thermal system of solar greenhouse. Consequently, a dynamic simulation based on state-space method was developed to calculate indoor temperature variations under the ambient conditions and structures of solar greenhouse. Experimental results show the presented method can simulate the long-term changes of indoor temperature, and are beneficial to evaluate and predict the thermal performance of solar greenhouses.