bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Baselines for the Preparation of Electronic Textbooks
Authors: Lokar Matija , Horvat Boris , Lukšič Primož , Omerza Damijan
Published: July 2011

Baselines for the Preparation of Electronic Textbooks

The NAUK group (Advanced Learning Blocks group; http://www.nauk.si) is engaged in the development of theoretical and practical concepts of ICT use in all levels of education. Recently, the proposed introduction of electronic textbooks (e-textbooks) has become a major topic nationwide in Slovenia. There are multiple dilemmas to be solved, e.g. what a modern e-textbook is, what it should include, in what way should it differ from conventional textbooks, what tools and technologies should be used for its creation, etc. This paper attempts to make recommendations, which we believe should be followed by all the authors of e-textbooks.
The Evaluation of the Initial Skew Rate for Printed Text
Authors: Brodić Darko
Published: July 2011

The Evaluation of the Initial Skew Rate for Printed Text

In this manuscript the algorithm for identification of the initial skew rate for printed text is presented. Proposed algorithm creates rectangular hull around all text characters. Combining nearby rectangular hulls form objects. After applying mathematical morphology on it, the biggest object is characterized as well as selected. Rectangular hull gravity center forms reference points on these objects used as a base for calculationieestimation of the initial skew rate. Using the least square method, initial skew rate is calculated. Comparative analysis of the origin and estimated skew rate is presented as well as discussed. Algorithm is examined with a number of printed text examples. Proposed algorithm showed robustness for skewness of printed text in the wide range.
New Evolutionary Technique for Optimization Shunt Capacitors in Distribution Networks
Authors: Elmaouhab Ali , Boudour Mohamed , Gueddouche Rabah
Published: July 2011

New Evolutionary Technique for Optimization Shunt Capacitors in Distribution Networks

The paper presents a new evolutionary technique for optimizing on one part the numbers, the sizes and locations of shunt capacitors in radial distribution network in away to minimize the annual cost of active power losses with the improvement of voltage profiles of different buses. The technique is applied on 10 buses network and on IEEE 34 buses network test. The results are compared with ones of previous studies using heuristiques methods and the same network tests.
Introduction
Authors: Heatherington Tracey
Published: July 2011

The management of agriculture has long played a key role in efforts to remake European borders, landscapes and identities. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has been a centerpiece of European collaboration and debate since the first steps were taken to establish the European Community after the Second World War. Launched by the Treaty of Rome in 1957, it was first designed to regulate the agricultural market and protect food security across the original six member states of France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. With successive European enlargements and ongoing transformations in the world agricultural markets, the CAP has been in continual negotiation.
Clutching the Ladder of Development
Authors: Kim Dong Ju
Published: July 2011

In the last two decades, privatisation has been slowly progressing in Poland. I examine the case of beet-sugar factories in western Poland, which were privatised between 1995 and 2003. As this process was coming to an end, reform for the European Common Agricultural Policy was implemented and, after Poland joined the European Union, the European sugar market reform started to take shape as a result of a global trade dispute on subsidised sugar prices. I recount the story of sugar factory privatisation and multiple reform processes from the viewpoint of sugar beet farmers, factory managers, and local rural experts from the province of Wielkopolska in western Poland. These accounts will show how sugar market reforms affected the aftermath of privatisation and factory close-downs, and how these experiences have prompted local people to think of being Polish within Europe, but reluctantly European within a global framework of sugar trade.
Crystal Structure of Na3MoCl6
Authors: Beran Martin , Meyer Gerd
Published: July 2011

The ternary chloride Na3MoCl6 is obtained as red crystals from a disproportionation reaction of molybdenum dichloride, {Mo6}Cl12, in an acidic NaCl/AlCl3 melt at 350 °C. The crystal structure (trigonal, P-31c, a = 687.1(1), c = 1225.3(2) pm, Z = 2, V = 501,0(1) 106 pm3) is that of Na3CrCl6: within a hexagonal closest-packing of chloride ions two thirds of the octahedral voids are filled between the AB double layers with Na+/Mo3+, and between the BA layers with Na+.
Discussions on the Architecture and Operation Mode of Future Power Grids
Authors: Xiao Liye , Lin Liangzhen , Liu Yi
Published: July 2011

The new energy revolution, of which the primary energy will be based on renewable energy sources and the terminal energy will be based on electric power, will have a revolutionary impact on the future power grids. In order to develop the corresponding power grid for the future energy system, first of all, the architecture and mode of operation of the future power grid must be investigated. In this paper, we suggest that the DC—dominant operation mode for transmission system, distribution network and distributed power system should be developed, and a MP-MC dominated transmission architecture (multiple powers to multiple consumers) and the two-way power exchange control (TPEC) should be employed to build “wide-area super virtual power plants” (WASVPPs) which cover all the major power plants in a wide range, allowing the consumers to obtain a stable and reliable supply of electricity from the “cloud powering” created by WASVPP and the distributed power system which is connected to the grid.
Preparation and Characterization of Catalase-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Protecting Enzyme against Proteolysis
Authors: Qi Ce , Chen Yan , Jing Qing-Zhe , Wang Xing-Guo
Published: July 2011

Catalase-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared by the double emulsion method (w/o/w) and solvent evaporation techniques, using acetone/methylene chloride (1:1) as an organic solvent, lecithin and triglyceride as oil phase and Poloxmer 188 as a surfactant. The optimized SLN was prepared by lecithin: triglyceride ratio (5%), 20-second + 30-second sonication, and 2% Poloxmer 188. The mean particle size of SLN was 296.0 ± 7.0 nm, polydispersity index range and zeta potential were 0.322–0.354 and −36.4 ± 0.6, respectively, and the encapsulation efficiency reached its maximum of 77.9 ± 1.56. Catalase distributed between the solid lipid and inner aqueous phase and gradually released from Poloxmer coated SLNs up to 20% within 20 h. Catalase-loaded SLN remained at 30% of H2O2-degrading activity after being incubated with Proteinase K for 24 h, while free catalase lost activity within 1 h.
Molecular Characterization of Tob1 in Muscle Development in Pigs
Authors: Yuan Jing , Cao Ji-Yue , Tang Zhong-Lin , Wang Ning , Li Kui
Published: July 2011

Cell proliferation is an important biological process during myogenesis. Tob1 encoded a member of the Tob/BTG family of anti-proliferative proteins. Our previous LongSAGE (Long Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) analysis suggested that Tob1 was differentially expressed during prenatal skeletal muscle development. In this study, we isolated and characterized the swine Tob1 gene. Subsequently, we examined Tob1 chromosome assignment, subcellular localization and dynamic expression profile in prenatal skeletal muscle (33, 65 and 90 days post-conception, dpc) from Landrace (lean-type) and Tongcheng pigs (obese-type). The Tob1 gene was mapped to pig chromosome 12 (SSC12). The Tob1 protein was distributed throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm of PK15 cells. During prenatal skeletal muscle development, Tob1 was up-regulated and highly expressed in skeletal muscle at 90 dpc in Tongcheng pigs but peaked at 65 dpc in Landrace pigs. This result suggested that there were different proliferation patterns during myogenesis between Tongcheng and Landrace pigs. During postnatal skeletal muscle development, the expression of Tob1 increased with aging, indicating that the proliferation potential of myoblasts decreased in postnatal muscle development. In tissues of adult wuzhishan miniature pigs, the Tob1 gene was highly expressed in skeletal muscle. The expression of Tob1 was significantly increased at day 6 during C2C12 differentiation time, suggesting a possible role in skeletal muscle development. Therefore, this study indicated that Tob1 perhaps played an important role in skeletal muscle development.
Comparative 1H NMR Metabolomic Urinalysis of People Diagnosed with Balkan Endemic Nephropathy, and Healthy Subjects, in Romania and Bulgaria: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mantle Peter , Modalca Mirela , Nicholls Andrew , Tatu Calin , Tatu Diana , Toncheva Draga
Published: July 2011

1H NMR spectroscopy of urine has been applied to exploring metabolomic differences between people diagnosed with Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), and treated by haemodialysis, and those without overt renal disease in Romania and Bulgaria. Convenience sampling was made from patients receiving haemodialysis in hospital and healthy controls in their village. Principal component analysis clustered healthy controls from both countries together. Bulgarian BEN patients clustered separately from controls, though in the same space. However, Romanian BEN patients not only also clustered away from controls but also clustered separately from the BEN patients in Bulgaria. Notably, the urinary metabolomic data of two people sampled as Romanian controls clustered within the Romanian BEN group. One of these had been suspected of incipient symptoms of BEN at the time of selection as a ‘healthy’ control. This implies, at first sight, that metabolomic analysis can be predictive of impending morbidity before conventional criteria can diagnose BEN. Separate clustering of BEN patients from Romania and Bulgaria could indicate difference in aetiology of this particular silent renal atrophy in different geographic foci across the Balkans.
Documenti ellenistici e appalti di stato romani. Ancora su Polyb.,VI, 17, 4 e UPZ I, 112, col. II, LL. 5 ss
Authors: Geraci Giovanni
Published: July 2011

Wilcken's commentary on UPZ 1, 112, col. II, 11. 5 ss. (anyway partly lost), based on Polyb., VI, 17, 4, has raised in its turn the idea that the Polybian passage, describing how the Roman public lease system worked, implies the obligation to give also « secondary guarantors » to the state (in other words a « surety of the surety »).This article reconsiders the problem radically : through an analysis of the warranty clauses in the Hellenistic and Roman world it shows that a praxis to claim a « surety of the surety » did not exist anywhere. Therefore a new and different interpretation both of UPZ 1, 112, col. II, 11. 7-10 and the Polybian passage is suggested.
Le quotidien institutionnel des cités dans les Trois Gaules
Authors: Dondin-Payre Monique
Published: July 2011

The men of power in the cities of the Three Gauls belong to two main groups : the decu- rions and the magistrates, who can act in all the civic territory, not only in the chief town. The decurions appear collectively, through the ordo, which is perennial, and so ranks above the annual magistrates. All of them are visible, in addition to their institutional role, through the euergesiai. The servants, the municipal staff, the populus, the collegia, the organized groups (e. g. the associations of Roman citizens), cooperate with them for the correct running of the affairs of the duitas. The duitas is the axis of the administrative organization, the provincial level is accessory.
Le fonctionnement des institutions et le déroulement des carrières dans la colonie de Philippes
Authors: Brelaz Cédric , Rizakis Athanasios D.
Published: July 2011

This paper deals with the political institutions of the Roman colony of Philippi (province of Macedonia), by studying the way in which the civic magistratures follow one another. This study rests on the analysis of the municipal careers such as they appear in the epigraphical cur- sus honorwn.The aim is to highlight some types of careers which reveal local specificities in the institutions. These results belong to a preliminary study for the publication of the first volume of the Corpus of the Greek and Latin inscriptions of Philippi. In appendix the question of the statute of the pmefedumfabrum through the attestations of this title at Philippi is mentioned.
Mémoire abolie des femmes : l'exemple de l'Achaïe romaine au premier siècle après J.-C
Authors: Hoët-van Cauwenberghe Christine
Published: July 2011

Among the women of the imperial family, some sustained damnatio memoriae either because they were more or less involved in a conspiracy against the ruling imperator, or because they shared, in a way, the fate of a damned member of their family. We examine this phenomenon for the Julio-Claudian princesses in the Roman Achaea through epigraphy. Thus, we focus on the inscriptions for Agrippina the Younger, belonging to the first group, but also on the inscriptions for Octavia, Poppaea and Statilia Messalina, belonging to the second group.
Mort violente et damnatio memoriae sous les Sévères dans les sources littéraires
Authors: Bats Maria
Published: July 2011

At the beginning of the IH1*1 century, many practices of damnatio memoriae of the princes are attested by contemporary or late literary sources, but their information appears problematical. The legal procedure which excludes from the collective memory is mentioned only exceptionally and is never the subject of a complete report. On the other hand, the historians abundantly describe the circumstances of the elimination of the princes. This dramatized account, in the case of Alexander Severus, replaces even the mention of the damnatio memoriae.The assassination of a prince in the discharge of his duties sanctions to some extent its reign ; the obliteration of its memory completes a judgement already carried out by the murder : the damnatio memoriae is an ideological justification and allows the return to legality.
La damnatio memoriae au Bas-Empire à travers les textes, la législation et les inscriptions
Authors: Delmaire Roland
Published: July 2011

The damnatio memoriae is still a common practice at the beginning of the 4th century. Until 360 AD, the usurpers' name is concealed in the speeches ; texts talk about pulled down statues of tyrants, but the laws sometimes mention their names, not in the addresses but in the consulates or in the text. The inscriptions erasure is quite irregular : an inventory of the texts shows sometimes only a part of the name erased and erasures for religious reasons, removing the name of persecutors who did not sustain official damnatio. After Julian, the erasure of the emperors' names is hardly practiced, except that of the dismissed dignitaries until around 410. After this date, evidence no longer subsist.
The lex Valeria and Sulla’s empowerment as dictator (82-79 BCE)
Authors: Vervaet Frederik Juliaan
Published: July 2011

In November 82 BCE, the victorious proconsul L. Cornelius Sulla (cos. 88) revived the dictatorship to restore law and order in the battered Republic. L. Valerius Flaccus (cos. 100), then

princeps senatus, was appointed interrex by the patrician patres. After obtaining the necessary clearances from the Senate and the augural college, Flaccus passed a law ordering him to appoint Sulla to an unprecedented dictatura legibus scribundis et rei publicae constituendae, and himself to the office of magister equitum, and this ad tempus incertum, until the completion of their vast commission. Although Sulla was thus invested with a series of spectacular extraordinary powers, he still scrupulously bothered to involve SPQR in the execution of his momentous political programme. Probably yet before the comitia consularia of 81, Sulla next initiated a gradual and carefully staged return to normalcy. The cornerstone of this policy was his decision to run the Republic in 80 as consul II, in conjunction with Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius. Its climax was Sulla’s dramatic abdication of the dictatorship at the outset of 79, proclaiming that he had now fully restored the Republic.
Titulatures impériales et damnatio memoriae : l’enseignement des inscriptions martelées
Authors: Benoist Stéphane
Published: July 2011

Deux années de dépouillement des inscriptions martelées (programme de recherche n° 3 du Centre Glotz, 2002-2003) offrent l’occasion d’un premier essai de synthèse et de réflexion concernant la pratique du martelage, le contenu d’une procédure d’abolition de mémoire, et de là les enseignements fournis sur le fonctionnement de l’État romain. La titulature impériale sous les diverses formes qu’elle revêt dans les documents épigraphiques permet de s’interroger sur la nature du martelage des noms des princes. Après une présentation des données (résumées par deux tableaux en annexe), l’étude porte plus particulièrement sur le cas de Géta (48 documents) et sur l’emploi des surnoms impériaux par des corps de troupes, des concours et des noms de cité (45 documents). Les conclusions, nécessairement provisoires, permettent toutefois d’affiner les affirmations les plus courantes concernant la damnatio memoriae.
Les cités face à la damnatio memoriae : les martelages dans l’espace urbain
Authors: Lefebvre Sabine
Published: July 2011

Dans le cadre de la constitution d’un corpus des documents martelés, notre réflexion s’est portée dans un premier temps sur l’identification du martelage et ses liens avec une éventuelle

damnatio memoriae. Il faut en effet éviter d’intégrer des documents mutilés par le temps et n’ayant rien à voir avec la condamnation de la mémoire, ou mal interprétés dans un premier temps, ou encore corrigés lors de leur mise en place en raison d’une erreur du lapicide, enfin, dégradés par les chrétiens. Le texte retenu étant clairement identifié comme ayant été mutilé à la suite d’une damnatio memoriae, il faut essayer de comprendre le contexte et les raisons de cette condamnation, privée ou publique; pour cela, nous disposons entre autres du sénatus-consulte contre Pison, qui nous fournit un grand nombre d’informations sur le martelage des documents concernant les hauts personnages de l’Empire et sur la diffusion des ordres émanant de Rome touchant la condamnation de la mémoire d’un personnage, mémoire qui reste néanmoins perceptible dans les espaces civiques, les bases de statues étant souvent maintenues en place.
Monnaie et damnatio memoriae (Ier-IVe siècle ap. J.-C.) : problèmes méthodologiques
Authors: Hostein Antony
Published: July 2011

La présente contribution cherche à mesurer l’apport spécifique ainsi que les limites de la documentation numismatique pour étudier la procédure officielle de la damnatio memoriae,

depuis les Julio-Claudiens jusqu’au milieu du IIIe siècle. Un examen critique des principaux travaux publiés sur la question oblige à opérer un tri entre les monnaies injuriées dans le cadre d’une procédure officielle d’une part, et les autres d’autre part, et permet d’établir que les monnaies relevant de la première catégorie demeurent extrêmement rares. Ce constat s’explique pour diverses raisons (rôle économique de la monnaie; objet de petite taille se prêtant peu à des cérémonies exemplaires, etc.). Au final, il apparaît que la monnaie, comparée aux inscriptions et aux papyrus par exemple, constitue une documentation annexe et mineure pour la compréhension de cette procédure institutionnelle.
Divination et astrologie dans l’empire Han : sources historiographiques et découvertes archéologiques récentes
Authors: Kalinowski Marc
Published: July 2011

La divination à l’époque Han (206 av. notre ère-220 de notre ère) poursuivit d’anciennes pratiques qui étaient apparues à l’époque Shang (ca 1250-1050 av. notre ère) et s’étaient considérablement développées à l’époque des Royaumes combattants (403-221 av. notre ère). Sous la dynastie Han, on assiste à la consolidation de la divination officielle, à une adaptation de la science des oracles et des prodiges aux conceptions contemporaines de la nature et du divin, à un vaste processus de classification et de systématisation des écrits divinatoires, et enfin à une participation de plus en plus large de cercles lettrés à la transmission des savoirs mantiques et à leur diffusion dans la société. Cet article a pour but de présenter ces changements, en confrontant les informations issues des sources historiographiques avec les nouveaux témoignages que constituent les manuscrits sur bambou et soie découverts récemment dans des tombes datées entre le Ier siècle av. notre ère et le Ier siècle de notre ère. La première partie de l’article traite des institutions officielles de la divination et des praticiens des arts mantiques. La seconde partie est une étude des principales techniques en usage sous les Han et des principes sur lesquels repose la classification des traités divinatoires dans la bibliothèque impériale. Dans la conclusion, la pratique des arts mantiques est replacée dans le contexte plus large de la religion et de la pensée sous les Han.
Divination, décision politique et légitimité sacerdotale en Israël ancien : deux oracles de Judas Maccabée (1 M 3, 48 et 2 M 15, 11-16)
Authors: Batsch Christophe
Published: July 2011

Outre la prophétie et les songes, la Bible hébraïque affirme la validité d’une troisième forme de divination, plus déductive que les deux précédentes: l’oracle par les ourîm et les toummîm. Cet oracle est strictement réservé au grand prêtre et joue un rôle particulièrement important à l’occasion des guerres. En l’absence des prêtres, détenus, persécutés ou ralliés à leurs ennemis, les insurgés de la révolte maccabéenne se trouvaient privés de ce contact avec la divinité avant la bataille. Judas Maccabée a su pallier la difficulté en recourant: a) à un modèle oraculaire emprunté aux étrangers mais dans lequel la manipulation de la Torah se substituait à la manipulation des idoles (1 M 3,46-51); b) à des pratiques visionnaires et prophétiques inspirées des écrits juifs anciens (2 M 15,11-16). Inventant de nouvelles formes oraculaires et divinatoires, et se substituant ainsi au grand prêtre dont c’était la fonction ordinaire, Judas Maccabée légitime sa position d’autorité morale, religieuse et politique à la tête d’une Judée revenue au judaïsme. Les récits qui en sont fait ensuite contribuent donc à légitimer la dynastie maccabéo-asmonéenne dans sa double fonction royale et sacerdotale.
Enhancement of Wound Healing by Human Multipotent Stromal Cell Conditioned Medium: The Paracrine Factors and p38 MAPK Activation
Authors: Yew Tu-Lai , Hung Yeh-Ting , Li Hsin-Yang , Chen Hsin-Wei , Chen Ling-Lan , Tsai Kuo-Shu , Chiou Shih-Hwa , Chao Kuan-Chong , Huang Tung-Fu , Chen Hen-Li , Hung Shih-Chieh
Published: July 2011

Wound healing can be improved by transplanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we have demonstrated the benefits of the conditioned medium derived from human MSCs (CM-MSC) in wound healing using an excisional wound model. CM-MSC accelerated wound closure with increased reepithelialization, cell infiltration, granulation formation, and angiogenesis. Notably, CM-MSC enhanced epithelial and endothelial cell migration, suggesting the contribution of increased cell migration to wound healing enhanced by CM-MSC. Cytokine array, ELISA analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR revealed high levels of IL-6 in CM-MSC. Moreover, IL-6 added to the preconditioned medium enhanced both cell migration and wound healing, and antibodies against IL-6 blocked the increase in cell motility and wound closure by CM-MSC. The IL-6 secretory pathway of MSCs was inhibited by SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK or siRNA against p38 MAPK, suggesting IL-6 secretion by MSCs is mediated through the activation of p38 MAPK. Inactivation of p38 MAPK also reduced the expression and production of IL-8 and CXCL1 by MSCs, both of which were also demonstrated to enhance cell migration and wound closure. Thus, our data suggest MSCs promote wound healing through releasing a repertoire of paracrine factors via activation of p38 MAPK, and the CM-MSC may be applied to enhance wound healing.
Heritage Tourism in Africa: Residents' Perceptions of African-American and White Tourists
Authors: Teye Victor , Turk Ercan , Sönmez Sevil
Published: July 2011

The growing interest in heritage tourism in Africa is reflected in the Cairo Declaration of 1995, which was adopted under the auspices of the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The objective was for African
countries to identify, develop, and preserve a number of World Heritage Sites in cooperation with international agencies and special interest groups. Ultimately, it was expected that such development would enhance the promotion of cultural, thus heritage and ethnic tourism as part of the continent's
economic development strategy. A number of forts and castles built by Europeans are currently being restored for heritage tourism in Ghana and the country also has several vital cultural resource sites that are critical components of the "Slave Route Project." Cape Coast and Elmina are two
communities in Ghana currently receiving an increasing number of international visitors, including a significant number of African-Americans to the three World Heritage Sites located in the two towns. The purpose of the article is to examine how residents of Cape Coast and Elmina perceive
African-American and White tourists. Data for the study were gathered in Cape Coast and Elmina through interviewer-administered surveys. Results indicate significant differences in residents' perceptions of Black and White visitors. The study concludes that considerable care must be exercised
in the development and utilization of historically sensitive areas and properties for tourism.
Revisiting Botswana's High-Value, Low-Volume Tourism
Authors: Magole Lefatshe I. , Magole Lapologang
Published: July 2011

Botswana has adopted a high-value, low-volume tourism strategy in a bid to minimize negative environmental impacts on pristine wildlife areas while maximizing socioeconomic benefits. This implies sustainable development/tourism. While conservation of biological diversity appears to
be on course, visitation and hence revenue has remained stunted in most parks and reserves. Moreover, the high-value, low-volume tourism strategy appears to have contributed towards enclave tourism, with a large foreign ownership of tour operator companies and repatriation of profits from
Botswana. This compromises yet another principle of sustainability, social equity. It would appear that the high-value, low-volume tourism strategy is antisustainability and hence not suitable for a developing country like Botswana with a large rural population that is still highly dependent
on natural resources. This article utilizes secondary data to evaluate the effectiveness of the high-value, low-volume strategy in achieving sustainable tourism development in Botswana.
The Distribution of Congenital Anomalies Within the VACTERL Association Among Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonist-exposed Pregnancies Is Similar to the General Population
Authors: CRIJNS HUBERTINA J.M.J. , JENTINK JANNEKE , GARNE ESTER , GISPEN-de WIED CHRISTINE C. , STRAUS SABINE M.J.M. , de JONG-van den BERG LOLKJE T.W.
Published: July 2011

Objective.

To compare the distribution of congenital anomalies within the VACTERL association (vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac, tracheoesophageal, renal, and limb abnormalities) between patients exposed to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonist and the general population.

Methods.

Analysis for comparison of proportional differences to a previous publication between anomaly subgroups, according to subgroup definitions of the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT), a population-based database.

Results.

Most EUROCAT subgroups belonging to the VACTERL association contained only one or 2 records of TNF-α antagonist exposure, so comparison of proportions was imprecise. Only the category “limb abnormalities” showed a significantly higher proportion in the general population.

Conclusion.

The high number of congenital anomalies belonging to the VACTERL association from a report of pregnancies exposed to TNF-α antagonists could not be confirmed using a population-based congenital anomaly database.
La construction sociale de l'environnement à partir des conflits sociaux à Buenos Aires
Authors: Carman María
Published: July 2011

Résumé Cet article propose d’analyser l’usage de plus en plus fréquent de la nature dans les conflits contemporains relatifs aux occupations populaires dans la ville de Buenos Aires. Ma réflexion se fondera sur le cas d’une villa (terme argentin pour désigner un quartier précaire autoconstruit) dont les habitants ont été delogés par la municipalité en 2006, en vue de créer un nouveau couloir d’espaces verts en face du Río de la Plata. Il s’agira d’étudier non seulement l’effet de certaines politiques publiques sur cette population – en y incluant les débats et les négociations – mais aussi de comprendre comment se construit la légitimité de ces politiques, dans lesquelles l’argumentation environnementale joue un rôle central. Nous verrons également comment les habitants de la Aldea Gay essaient à leur tour de s’emparer de l’argument écologique pour contester les accusation d’usurpation et de dégradation de la nature.
Expérimentations cartographiques et devenirs paysagers : la planification éolienne de la Narbonnaise (Aude)
Authors: Labussière Olivier , Nadaï Alain
Published: July 2011

Résumé Cet article décrit un cas de planification innovante entrepris par le pnr de la Narbonnaise (Aude) pour composer des paysages éoliens. À l’instar de la « carte » de Deleuze et Guattari, nous approchons cette planification comme un processus ouvert, connecté sur la multiplicité sociale, spatiale et paysagère. L’analyse montre comment un dispositif iconographique diffracté (cartes, blocs diagrammes,…), renvoyant aux grandes et aux petites échelles, parvient à spatialiser des potentiels éoliens sans les indexer de façon normative au territoire, engageant ainsi l’exploration de nouveaux devenirs paysagers. Cette étude centrée sur les codes cartographiques et leurs usages met à jour une pratique abductive de la planification dont elle dégage les modalités formelles.
Biodiversity of Myxomycetes from the Monte Desert of Argentina
Authors: Lado C. , Wrigley de Basanta D. , Estrada-Torres A.
Published: July 2011

A biodiversity survey for myxomycetes was carried out in the Monte Desert (Argentina) and surrounding areas in November 2006 and late February and March 2007. Specimens were collected in seven different provinces (Catamarca, Jujuy, La Rioja, Salta, San Juan, San Luis and Tucumán), between 23º and 33º S latitude, and a total of 105 localities were sampled. Cacti and succulent plants were the most common type of substrate investigated, but shrubs and herbs characteristic of this biome were also included in the survey. Almost six hundred specimens of myxomycetes from 72 different species in 22 genera were collected either in the field, or from moist chamber cultures prepared with samples of plant material obtained from the same collecting sites. The results include 1 species new to science, Macbrideola andina three more species recently described based on material from this survey, 5 species cited for the first time for the Neotropics, 11 new records for South America and 38 new records for Argentina. Taxonomic comments on rare or unusual species are included and illustrated with photographs by LM and SEM. Data are presented on the development of some species and microenvironmental factors are discussed. An analysis of the biodiversity of myxomycetes in this area, and a comparison with other desert areas, are included.
Design of a System for Monitoring Reliability of Structures and Constructions in Civil Engineering
Authors: Igić Tomislav S. , Veljković Natasa Ž.
Published: July 2011

Monitoring of civil engineering structures and constructions requires techniques which can produce high precision and accuracy, reliable measurements and fast processing speed. The development of information and communication systems as well as of microprocessor controllers has enabled a creation of monitoring systems that can be used for tracking reliability of structures and constructions in civil engineering, with described key features. This paper describes in detail the architecture of the Civil Engineering Structures Reliability Monitoring (CERM) system. The system has been designed for the purposes of the Technical Mechanics and Theory of Constructions Department at the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Nis. Unlike general commercial monitoring systems, the CERM system has been specially designed for the purpose of reliability monitoring, and its potential will be further exploited in this paper. It is based on usage of universal microprocessor controllers Integraf of series 10X, along with specially designed software package. This system provides real time acquisition of measurements for observed civil engineering structures and analysis of received values based on developed mathematical models.
Vidal de la Blache, Ciência e Política: notas a partir do caso africano
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme
Published: July 2011

Este texto pretende sublinhar o interesse de Vidal de la Blache pelo continente africano, do ponto de vista de um promotor do colonialismo francês — revelando, assim, um geógrafo engajado em questões políticas, estratégicas e geopolíticas.
A Digital Watermarking Method by Double Encryption Based on Arnold and Chaos in DCT Domain
Authors: Song Jian Hua , Zhu Yong
Published: July 2011

Digital watermarking is an efficient method for the intellectual property protection and identification. A digital watermarking method by double encryption based on Arnold and chaos in DCT domain was proposed in this paper. First, the digital watermarking was transformed by Arnold scrambling, and then the watermarking was encrypted by chaos system again, so it made the watermarking get double encryption. The encrypted watermarking was embedded into the parts of low-frequency coefficients. The experimental results show that the algorithm is effective and robust for several attacks such as common noise, filtering, cropping and JPEG compression, as well as its good security.
Implementation of Video Capture Based on DirectShow Technology
Authors: Li Qi , Zhang Yan Dong
Published: July 2011

The basic conception of DirectShow is introduced, to conquer the limitation of the major capture plans that the picture forms obtained from different device that are difficult to deal with, by the filter graph is built, a design scheme of video capture software system based on DirectShow is presented, which is based on Windows and give supports to different drive models and different interface ; the structure of the software is discussed, software has reusability .Test results show that the system can run steadily and reliably, and has the characteristics of real time ,high quality of the video stream; the system is flexible and expansive.
Research on Internal Logistics System Transformation Based on Resource Integration for Large-Scale Manufacturing Enterprise Groups
Authors: Zhou Ling Yun , Yu Xiao Xian , Mu Dong
Published: July 2011

Modern logistics has become a new source of profits for manufacturing enterprises. Logistics business management can achieve great competition advantages by reducing raw and processed materials waste, depressing product price, and accelerating product circulation for large-scale manufacturing enterprise groups. According to the activity constitutes and operation processes of internal logistics, the logistics characteristics is analyzed for large-scale manufacturing enterprise groups, and logistics transformation is creatively put forward for large-scale manufacturing enterprise groups to upgrade logistics efficiencies based on resource integration theory. Moreover, the logistics transformation mechanism is put forward for manufacturing enterprises, and its coupling degree and matching degree are calculated to measure the transformation process of internal logistics development.
Analysis on Vibration Response of Gear Transmission System
Authors: Zheng Jia Hong , Li Min
Published: July 2011

The inherent characteristics of the wind generators growth gearbox were solved, then the reasons which caused the gear transmission system generating dynamic incentive was analyzed, and also internal incentive and external incentive were given to 2MW wind generators gear transmission system quantitatively. On the basis of these, 2MW wind generators growth gearbox system’s vibration response caused under internal incentive and external incentive was solved and analyzed.
Aero-Engine Adaptive Model Using Recursive Reduced Least Squares Support Vector Regression
Authors: Jiang Ling Ping
Published: July 2011

In consideration of the problem in traditional aero-engine adaptive model, a new algorithm was proposed based on Recursive Reduced Least Squares Support Vector Regression (RRLSSVR). Feature Selection of model input and flight envelope divided was needed before the model established, then adaptive model was developed in every small envelope. Finally, an adaptive model was applied to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed feature selection algorithm and sparse model using RRLSSVR.
Communication Security in MAS with XML Security Specifications
Authors: Sun Bo , Chen Hua
Published: July 2011

With widely applications of Multi-Agent System (MAS) on internet and intranet, how to ensure security regarding multi-agent communication is a big issue. Traditional cryptographic technologies support a coarse granularity security. This paper adopts XML security technology to provide a security mechanism for MAS communication. With the combination of XML security specifications and MAS, the paper presents a fine-grained security model for MAS communication. The model proposed can satisfy the security requirements of MAS communication based on XML data format.
Designing of Solar Cell Panel Sun Chasing System on Basis of MSP430 Micropower Single Chip Microcomputer
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: July 2011

The system uses MSP430 micropower single chip microcomputer as controller and data processing chip in order to improve power generation efficiency of solar panel. Sunlight analog quantity measured by sensor is sampled by AD with skillful using of circular array light sensor to determine sunlight position on basis of obtained coding. Therefore, 2 steering engines can seek sunlight in 2 free degrees and make solar cell panel to generate the maximum output generation by pointing at direct sunshine position. Meanwhile, application of adaptive algorithm helps to improve detection accuracy of sunlight position. This essay focuses on discussing hardware realization method and software algorithm for accurate positioning of sun chasing system.
An Intelligent Remote Controller for Household Appliances
Authors: Liu Hui Min , Cheng Pu
Published: July 2011

In order to enable people to places far away from the home appliance control, home appliances to keep abreast of the state. Use of the existing network of public internet communication platform, an intelligent home appliances designed remote control, through the instruction receiving unit, instruction decode unit, instruction output unit and the circuit controller for a variety of household electrical appliances integrate the control concentrated in one, effective solution for remote control of various household appliances unified purpose, a simple structure, reasonable design, easy to use features, proved that the system uses low-cost, high reliability.
Research on Maximum Power Point Tracking Control System of Variable Speed Wind Turbine
Authors: Li Feng Ting , Zheng En Rang
Published: July 2011

This paper analyzes the operating characteristics of wind turbine and introduces the principle of maximum power point tracking control system of variable speed wind turbine. A improved maximum power tracking control strategy is proposed for large inertia wind power systems in order to achieve maximum wind power capture and increased utilization of wind energy when wind turbines is below the rated wind speed. A variable speed wind power generation system is modeled and simulated in the Simulink environment of the Matlab .The simulation results proves the correctness and feasibility of the tracking control strategy suggested in this paper.
A Bayesian Decision Method with Minimal Error Rate for SAR Image Segmentation
Authors: Tian Li Jun , Li Da Hui
Published: July 2011

The paper shows a segmentation method of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image. In the method, firstly estimate the different parameters with normal distribution from histogram. Then make different judgment on each pixel. Finally make experiments in many images and the image segmentation results show that the method can reduce noise; it is a feasible method for SAR image segmentation.
A New Image Quality Assessment Method Based on SSIM and TV Model
Authors: Pang Lu Lu , Li Cong Li , Qi De Ning , Zou Tao
Published: July 2011

In this paper, a new image quality assessment method has been proposed in which can judge the quality of images without explicit knowledge of the reference images ,it is based on the SSIM(Structural Similarity) and TV(total variation) model. Firstly, add noises to distorted image to quantitatively determine, it can get the degraded image; secondly, use the improved self-adaptive gradient weights of the TV algorithms to denoising the distorted image, it can get the “fake” reference image, then use the classical SSIM methods to make reference evaluation between the distorted image and the “fake” reference image, after modified, the results is the no reference evaluating indicator. The experiment separated use the standard testing images and the degraded images from the LIVE database to make evaluate experiment, the result show that it is consistent to the result of MOS. This method is no need of reference images, it can use widely.
Research and Application of Fingerprint Electronic Timing System & Registering System in Orienteering Competitions
Authors: He Xiao Zhi
Published: July 2011

With the wide application of modern high technology in the field of physical education and training, to design a new system for the ensurance of the fairness of orienteering competitions, we developed the Fingerprint Electronic Timing System and Registering System and used them in orienteering competitions. The technical keys include the four points of fast extracting fingerprints, an invulnerable athlete registering system, large-capacity fingercards and a fast on-the-spot matching system. Thus a false-name entering during registrating process or in the course of the race can be avoided to ensure the fairness and authoritativeness of orienteering competitions.
Finite Element Analysis on Fatigue of Train Axle
Authors: Yang Guang Xue , Li Qiang , Xie Ji Long
Published: July 2011

In this paper, aimed at wheel-axle with axle load of 30 ton, the three dimensional finite element model was established, and the interference fit between wheel and axle was considered. According to Standard EN13103, the vertical load and the lateral load were determined, and then the stress distribution of axle was computed under two cases: only vertical load and both vertical and lateral load. The result shows that: the increase of axle load causes the increase of slip between axle and hub, which leads to an increase of fretting damage and a reduction in fatigue life. In addition, Dang Van criterion was employed to evaluate the fatigue of the whole axle. It is found that the transition zone next to wheel seat and the interface of hub and axle are dangerous points, which is in accordance with the practice.
Dynamical and Statical Load Test Study on the Road Bridge of some Manufactory
Authors: Zhang Guang , Nie Wei , Lu Yong , Chen Jing Xi , Ma Jun Rong
Published: July 2011

This paper introduces the plan and the process of dynamical and statical load test study which is made on the road bridge. It can validate the quality of the bridge by comparing measured stress&deflection and theoretical calculation.Experimental results show that the computational methods and analytical methods are reliable, The stiffness and bearing capacity of the bridge meet the design requirements. The technology of load test and method of data analysis have high reference value to similar engineering.
New Non-Linear Modeling and Optimal Controlling for MR Damper under Impact Load
Authors: Zhou Hao Jun , Hu Hong Sheng , Jiang Xue Zheng
Published: July 2011

Magnetorheological (MR) fluid is capable of changing its rheological characteristics under magnetic field. Controllability is one of the advantages of MR damper. Up to now, the dynamic characteristics of MR damper under impact loads have not been well known by researchers. In this paper, a new type of dynamic model for MR damper subject to impact load is derived. And in this novel model, it is pointed out that the square damping item and the inertia force item are two important factors which influence the total damping force in impact condition. The adding two items make the model more exactly describing its dynamic characteristics of MR damper in impact condition. This action makes the established model easier to do control analysis. Because of the polynomial form and a fixed coefficient, it is indicated that the optimization control method is a good choice for MR damper to track the demanded impact curves. Simulation analysis results prove that based on its controllability of damping force MR damper provide, its vibration-reduction and shock-resistant properties of MR damper under impact load will also be greatly improved.
Study of Non-Linear Theory of Vertical Impact Damping System
Authors: Zhang Jian Sheng
Published: July 2011

A mechanics model of vertical impact damping system was founded based on the experimental device introduced in [1], and interrelated theory research was made on the mechanics model. The analytical solution of system dynamical response was gained using transfer function combining with the system’s neighboring boundary compatibility conditions in the fact of the piecewise linear characteristics of the system.
Wind Blade Material Optimization
Authors: Ahmad Samir , Izhar-ul-Haq
Published: July 2011

In recent years the wind turbine blade has been the subject of comprehensive study and research amongst all other components of the wind turbine. As our appetite for renewable energy from the wind turbine continues to increase, companies now focus on rotor blades which can go up to 80m in length. The blade material not only have to face large aerodynamic, inertial and fatigue loads but are now being designed to endure environmental effects such as Ultraviolet degradation of surface, accumulation of dust particles at sandy locations, ice accretion on blades in cold countries, insect collision on blades and moisture ingress. All this is considered to ensure that the blades complete its designated life span. Furthermore exponential increase in composite blade manufacturing is causing a substantial amount of unrecyclable material. All these issues raise challenges for wind blade material use, its capacity to solve above mentioned problems and also maintain its structural integrity. This paper takes on this challenge by optimizing from the properties, merits, demerits and cost of different possible competing materials. Then the material is checked for its structural integrity through Finite Element Analysis simulation using standards like IEC-61400-1.This paper also shows the future direction of research by elaborating the influence nanotechnology can have in the improvement of the wind blade.