bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
European Borders in Turbulent Times: The Case of the Central Mediterranean ‘Extended Borderland’
Authors: Gruszczak Artur
Published: November 2020

This article presents one of the most salient aspects of the migration crisis in the EU, namely the turbulent management of external borders, and analyzing it in the case of the central region of the Mediterranean Sea. The study is focused on risks and threats to the security of the European Union and its member states, particularly Italy, posed by negative aspects of migratory flows and accompanying phenomena such as migrant smuggling, trafficking in human beings, drug smuggling or document frauds. For this purpose, a concept of ‘extended borderland’ is applied as particularly suitable for analyzing border-security policies and actions undertaken by the European Union. The argument developed in this article is that the Central Mediterranean area has been converted into an extended borderland where conventional systems, methods and tools of border management are superseded by spatial taming created by international actors acting through joint maritime operations.
The Second Revival?
Authors: Nyzio Arkadiusz
Published: November 2020

The aim of this article is to present the Visegrád Group’s position towards the contemporary European migrant crisis. The author seeks to answer two main questions: what is the degree of coherence of the Group’s position and what are the internal factors of the V4’s stance towards the crisis? The article analyses the political situation in the Group’s member states, the V4’s stance towards the earliest propositions concerning the migrant crisis, its fight against the implementation of the mandatory quotas, its stance towards the implementation of the EU’s decisions and internal factors of the V4’s policies. The author argues that although the members of the Group differ in their approach to many international issues, their attitude towards the crisis is very similar.
The Role of the International Atomic Energy Agency in Maintaining Nuclear Peace and Non-proliferation Regime in the 21st Century
Authors: Młynarski Tomasz
Published: November 2020

The article is an attempt to explain the IAEA’s critical role in ensuring global nuclear safety and on the global nuclear governance system. The objective of the Agency’s operation is promotion of the peaceful use of nuclear energy, including the use of energy to produce electricity, along with establishment of a system of safeguards to ensure that the countries do not use the peaceful assistance for military purposes.The aim of the article is to present the principles of the internationalsystem of nuclear safeguards and the role of the IAEA in maintaining nuclear peace and nuclear challenges of non-proliferation regime reform. The duality of nuclear technology (dual use) causes the need of strengthening the competence-control and institutional resources of the IAEA. It is necessary to oblige the Member States to cooperate with the Agency’s inspectors. The Agency should also develop a procedure to standardize the rules, structure, and legal restrictions. In addition the UN Security Council should react faster in the case of non-compliance detection. A separate issue is the internationalization of the fuel cycle.
IJAA: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Freeman Nickolas K. , Keskin Burcu B. , McCullough Carson
Published: November 2020

We review 50 years of research published in INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics (IJAA), formerly named Interfaces. This historical review considers more than 3,000 publications and details the journal’s coverage evolution over five decades. We identify topics, industries, companies, and organizations that have played a significant role in positioning the journal as INFORMS’ premier outlet regarding the applications of operations research (OR) in practice. Our goal is to use historical observations to discuss the current state of the journal and reflect on the future, especially related to the increasingly popular area of analytics. We provide perspectives regarding how the fields of OR and analytics may continue to evolve as well as how researchers, practitioners, and IJAA can contribute to the continuing evolution of these two fields.
CPD article: An updated review of the indications and adverse drug events associated with the ectoparasiticides used in small animal practice
Authors: Copland Anna LJ , Elsheikha Hany M
Published: November 2020

The global burden of ectoparasitic infestations is exacerbated by the lack of licensed vaccines, meaning safe and effective ectoparasiticide drugs are vital to their prevention and treatment. However, adverse clinical consequences of treatments for ectoparasites affect thousands of cats and dogs in the UK each year. The unpredictable outcomes of these treatments in some animals can be associated with undesirable consequences and there is a lack of knowledge surrounding their use. This article discusses indications of the major classes of ectoparasiticides used in small animal practice and highlights the types of adverse drug reactions associated with the parasiticides used to treat ectoparasite infestations in dogs and cats. Overall, the incidence of adverse drug events reported in relation to ectoparasiticide use, compared to the total doses administered globally, is small. The potential consequences for animal and human health of not using ectoparasiticides is likely to be more serious than the current rate of adverse drug reactions being reported. The benefits of protection from ectoparasite infestations will therefore outweigh the potential consequences of adverse events associated with such treatment.
Life is better outside
Authors: Cowley Sue
Published: November 2020

Is the ‘new normal’ re-inforcing ideas that learning outdoors is key to children's well-being and progress? Perhaps after all there is the possibility for something good to come out of the Covid crisis.
Design and analysis of inner focus for a large spectral bandwidth optical system
Authors: Huang YunHan , Wang XiaoYan , Fu YueGang , Zhang GuoYu , Liu ZhiYing
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we present a method of solving the chromatic aberration
problem of large spectral bandwidth optical systems encountered during
the internal focusing process. Rational selection of the focal length
of each lens group and the distance between them retained the
achromatic characteristic of the optical system when the inner focus
lens group was mobilized. The proposed design was experimentally
validated. This paper can be useful to research on internal focusing
in wide-band systems.
Hollow aluminum microspheres with high mass extinction coefficients in the long wave infrared
Authors: Garrett Benjamin S. , Hudak Nicholas J. , Zablocki Mathew , Creazzo Timothy , Sharkawy Ahmed , DeLacy Brendan G. , Mirotznik Mark S.
Published: November 2020

Previous electromagnetic computations of multilayered
dielectric/metallic spheres identified the ideal dimensions and
composition for achieving optimized mass extinction coefficients (

m

2

/

g

). A hollow metallic sphere, with a
thin metallic shell, is one such example of a spherical structure that
can theoretically achieve high mass extinction coefficients in the
long wave infrared (LWIR) region (8–12 µm). To this end, we endeavored
to demonstrate a cost-effective and scalable manufacturing approach
for synthesizing and experimentally validating the mass extinction
coefficients of hollow metallic spheres. Specifically, we detail a
novel approach for fabricating hollow aluminum spheres using radio
frequency (RF) magnetron sputter deposition. Sacrificial high-density
polyethylene polymer microspheres were used as substrates for the
deposition of thin layers of aluminum. The core shell structures were
subsequently thermally processed to form the hollow micron sized
aluminum shells. The mass extinction coefficients of the hollow
aluminum spheres were subsequently measured and compared to
computational results. A strong agreement between experimental and
theoretical predictions was observed. Finally, the LWIR mass
extinction coefficients of the hollow spheres were compared to high
aspect ratio brass flakes, a common pigment used for LWIR attenuation,
and other materials and geometries that are used for LWIR filtering
applications. This comparison of both performance and availability
revealed that the fabricated hollow aluminum spheres exhibited
competitive LWIR properties using a more scalable and cost-effective
manufacturing approach.
Noise-tolerant single-photon imaging with a superconducting nanowire camera
Authors: Kong Lingdong , Zhao Qingyuan , Zheng Kai , Lu Haiyangbo , Chen Shi , Tao Xu , Wang Hui , Hao Hao , Wan Chao , Tu Xuecou , Zhang Labao , Jia Xiaoqing , Kang Lin , Chen Jian , Wu Peiheng
Published: November 2020

The quality of an image is limited to the signal-to-noise ratio of the output from sensors. As the background noise increases much more than the signal, which can be caused by either a huge attenuation of light pulses after a long-haul transmission or a blinding attack with a strong flood illumination, an imaging system stops working properly. Here we built a superconducting single-photon infrared camera of negligible dark counts and 60 ps timing resolution. Combining with an adaptive 3D slicing algorithm that gives each pixel an optimal temporal window to distinguish clustered signal photons from a uniformly distributed background, we successfully reconstructed 3D single-photon images at both a low signal level (

∼

1

average photon per pixel) and extremely high noise background (background-to-signal ratio = 200 within a period of 50 ns before denoising). Among all detection events, we were able to remove 99.45% of the noise photons while keeping the signal photon loss at 0.74%. This Letter is a direct outcome of quantum-inspired imaging that asks for a co-development of sensors and computational methods. We envision that the proposed methods can increase the working distance of a long-haul imaging system or defend it from blinding attacks.
Efficient Fe:CdTe laser producing 0.35 J pulses in the 5 µm spectral range
Authors: Frolov M. P. , Korostelin Yu. V. , Kozlovsky V. I. , Leonov S. O. , Fjodorow P. , Skasyrsky Ya. K.
Published: November 2020

High-energy laser operation of a

F
e

2
+

-doped single-crystal CdTe is demonstrated at the temperature of 77 K. Pumped with 250 µs pulses of a 4.08 µm Fe:ZnSe laser, the Fe:CdTe laser produced a record output of 0.35 J, with a slope efficiency of 44%. A further up-scaling by employing high-energy pump sources is feasible, thus facilitating material-processing applications. The laser was tunable from 4.86 to 5.37 µm. In a nonselective cavity, the laser’s central wavelength was 5.03 µm at 77 K, and shifted to 5.23 µm at 215 K. At the later operation point, reachable using a Peltier element, the laser still produced 0.15 J of output energy with an efficiency of 22%.
Photonic smart bandage for wound healing assessment
Authors: Leal-Junior Arnaldo , Guo Jingjing , Min Rui , Fernandes António José , Frizera Anselmo , Marques Carlos
Published: November 2020

Chronic wounds affect around 2% of the world population with an annual multi-billion dollar cost to the healthcare system. This background pushes the development of new therapies and procedures for wound healing and its assessment. Among them, the potential of hydrogen (pH) assessment is an important indicator of the wound healing stage and condition. This paper presents the development of the first optical fiber-embedded smart wound dressing for pH assessment. An intrinsically pH-sensitive optical fiber is fabricated using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) precursor doped with rhodamine B dye. Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies are performed in order to verify the presence of rhodamine B and PDMS in the fiber samples. Then, the fiber is embedded in gauze fabric and hydrocolloid wound dressing. In addition, such low Young’s modulus of PDMS fiber enables its use as a highly sensitive pressure sensor, where the results show that the fiber-embedded bandage can measure pressures as low as 0.1 kPa with a high linearity in the range of 0 to 0.3 kPa. The smart bandage is subjected to different pH, which resulted in a wavelength shift of 0.67 nm/pH when the absorption peak at 515 nm was analyzed. Furthermore, pH increase leads to linear decrease of the transmitted optical power (

R

2

of 0.998), with rise and fall times below 20 s and 30 s, respectively. Therefore, the proposed optical fiber-embedded smart bandage enables the simultaneous assessment of pressure and pH on the wound region.
Importancia de la música como medio de comunicación intercultural en el proceso educativo
Authors: Bernabé Villodre María del Mar
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo la naturaleza metodológica y estructural de la música lleva al educando a comprender, a apreciar la realidad cultural que le envuelve; puesto que la música es fruto de un intercambio de experiencias teórico-prácticas en diferentes zonas del mundo y su metodología de aprendizaje es activa y participativa, necesitando de la colaboración y el entendimiento entre los intérpretes. Todo ello lleva a considerar la música como imagen del tiempo y de la sociedad que la ha producido, y, debido a ello, se convierte en una herramienta idónea para trabajar la interculturalidad en el aula. Este artículo toma como base uno de los objetivos de la educación artística, el fomentar la expresión de la diversidad cultural para reforzar valores personales, para mostrar cómo se puede educar interculturalmente mediante la música, es decir, a través de lo que ha venido denominándose «educación por la música».
La tiranía de la belleza, un problema educativo hoy. La estética del cuerpo como valor y como problema
Authors: Gervilla Castillo Enrique
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: Un problema actual, propio de la sociedad de consumo, es el culto al cuerpo y a su valor estético. La obsesión por el cuerpo perfecto ha conducido, especialmente a grupos de jóvenes, a una tiranía ele la belleza. Ello dificulta en unos casos, e impide en otros, la coexistencia de otros valores de mayor urgencia y necesidad en la formación humana, alterando, así, el orden vivencial de la jerarquía axiológica según la fuerza y la altura.Tal situación, demanda una respuesta desde la educación, por cuanto ésta, no sólo pretende incorporar valores a la existencia personal, sino una incorporación acorde con el desarrollo integral y armónico del ser humano en cuanto humano. Para ello, es necesario persuadir, convencer y no vencer —mediante la reflexión crítica del problema, la apreciación y el esfuerzo— para impulsar la decisión de la voluntad, más aún en situaciones ambientales adversas.ABSTRACT: A current problem, characteristic of the customer society, is the cult to the body and its aesthetic value. Obsession for the perfect body has driven, especially to groups of young people, to a tyranny of beauty. This make more difficult it in some cases, and impedes otherwise, the coexistence of other more urgency and necessity values in the human formation, altering, in this way, the vivencial order of the axiologic hierarchy according to the strengh and height.This situation, demands an answer from education, becouse of this, it doesn't only seek to incorporate values to personal existence, but an incorporation in agreement with the integral and harmonic improvement of the human being as a human. For this, it is necessaiy to persuade, to convince and not to conquer —by means of the critical reflection of the problem, appreciation and effort— to impel the decision of the will, stiller in adverse environmental situations.SOMMAIRE: Un problème actuel, propre de la société de la consommation, est le culte au corps et sa valeur esthétique. L'obsession pour le corps parfait a conduit, surtout à des groupes de jeunes, à une tyrannie de la beauté. Ceci fait difficile dans quelques cas, et empêche dans d'autres, la coexistence d'autres valeurs plus urgents et nécessaires dans la formation humaine, en changeant Tordre vivenciel de la hiérarchie axiologique d'après la force et la hauteur.Une telle situation demande Line réponse éducationnelle, étant donné que l'éducation ne cherche pas seulement à incorporer des valeurs à l'existence personnelle, mais aussi à ce que cette incorporation soit faite en harmonie avec le développement plein de l'être humain en tant qu'luimain. Pour atteindre cet objectif il est nécessaire de persuader, convaincre et pas vaincre —à travers la reflexion critique du problème, l'estimation et l'effort— pOLir impulser la décision de la volonté, encore plus dans Lin environnement si difficile.
Prácticas para el desarrollo moral en universitarios
Authors: Nuévalos Carmen
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: Este artículo presenta una investigación que ha consistido en la elaboración y puesta en práctica de un programa de educación moral. La intervención se ha orientado al desarrollo del razonamiento moral en un grupo de jóvenes universitarios, y su diseño se inspira principalmente en la teoría de Kohlberg. Prestamos una especial atención a la práctica de la educación moral.Nuestros objetivos han sido, por un lado, entrenar a los alumnos en técnicas de desarrollo moral de cara al desempeño de su futura profesión docente. Por otro, incrementar su nivel personal de reflexión y desarrollo moral. Para la evaluación del programa hemos utilizado un método cuantitativo completado con información de tipo cualitativo.ABSTRACT: This report presents an investigation that elaborates and puts a moral education programme into practice. The intervention has been directed to develop the moral reasoning in a group of university students. Its design is founded principally in Kohlberg's theory.Our goals have been, on one hand, training the students in moral development techniques for their future teaching tasks. In the other, improving their personal reflection level and their moral development. The evaluation of the programme has been made using quantitative and qualitative methods.SOMMAIRE: Cet article présente une recherche qui a consisté en l'élaboration et la mise en pratique d'un programme d'éducation morale. Le travail est orienté vers le développement du raisonnement moral chez un groupe de jeunes universitaires en s'inspirant surtout de la théorie de Kohlberg. On vise surtout la pratique de l'éducation morale.Nos buts sont, d'un côté, l'entrainement des élèves aux techniques de développement moral en vue de leur prochain métier d'enseignants, de l'autre côté, il s'agit d'accroitre leur niveau de reflexion et de développement moral. Pour l'évaluation du programme nous avons utilisé une méthode quantitative complétée d'une information qualitative.
El estatuto epistemológico de la animación sociocultural
Authors: úcar Xavier
Published: November 2020

Intervention is the nucleus of the Socio Cultural Animation; processes that, because of it's basis, destination and aims, are social and cultural action. The diferenciaton between physical-natural technology and socialhumanistic technology leads us to point out that SCA's nature is from the second, making concrete the tipology of knowledge in wich it is based on. We conclude with our own conceptual analysis and with a characterization of SCA as one of the diferent technologies of Social Education.
El aprendizaje ético y la formación universitaria: más allá de la casualidad
Authors: Esteban Bara Francisco , Buxarrais Estrada M. Rosa
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: En el presente trabajo tratamos de abrir nuevos caminos de reflexión a uno de los temas menos atendidos en el discurso contemporáneo sobre la Educación Superior: el desarrollo ético de los estudiantes universitarios. Y es que, sorprendentemente, la formación ética de nuestros estudiantes parece haber sido olvidada y desatendida pedagógicamente hablando. Tanto es así, que tenemos la sensación de que la relación entre enseñanza universitaria y aprendizaje ético se caracteriza por la casualidad, por el mero azar. Dicho esto, y a sabiendas de la necesidad que conlleva el siglo XXI de que dicha relación sea algo más que una casualidad, tratamos de aclarar lo que entendemos por aprendizaje ético así como las condiciones del contexto universitario que podrían facilitar dicho aprendizaje.ABSTRACT: This article discusses one of the most disregarded topics in the contemporary debate about Higher Education: the ethic development of students. Surprisingly enough, from an educational perspective, this issue seems to have been ignored. So much so, that the sensation is that the relationship between university education and ethical development is considered a mere coincidence. Given the importance of this issue in the 21st Century, the aim of this article is to clarify the concept of ethical development, as well as the factors and circumstances that facilitate its growth.SOMMAIRE: Avec ce travail, nous essayons d'ouvrir de nouvelles voies de réflexion sur l'un des thèmes les moins étudiés du discours contemporain sur l'Éducation Supérieure: le développement éthique des étudiants universitaires. En effet, il est surprenant que la formation éthique et morale de nos étudiants semble avoir été oubliée et non traitée pédagogiquement parlant. Et ce, à tel point, que nous avons la sensation que la relation entre enseignement universitaire et apprentissage éthique se caractérise par le hasard, par le pur hasard. Ceci dit, connaissant la nécessité, qu'entraîne le XXI siècle, que cette relation soit plus qu'un hasard, nous essayons d'éclaircir ce que l'on entend par apprentissage éthique et aussi par les conditions du contexte universitaire que pourraient faciliter le dit apprentissage.
La educación moral en Aranguren
Authors: Rincón I Verdera Joan Carles
Published: November 2020

RESUMEN: La educación moral del hombre constituye, en Aranguren, una pieza indispensable en la formación integral de su personalidad. Una educación moral, cívica y política. En este artículo nos ocupamos de la primera dimensión: el hombre como responsabilidad personal.ABSTRACT: The moral education of man is for Aranguren a very important aspect in the integral formation of man's personality. A moral, civic and political education. In this article we study the first dimensión: man as a personal responsibility.
Por una ética de la compasión en la educación
Authors: Buxarrais Estrada M. Rosa
Published: November 2020

Uno de los principales retos actuales de la educación es incorporar la ética de compasión en sus premisas, tanto a nivel teórico como en la praxis educativa. En el presente artículo esbozamos los principales argumentos que nos invitan a introducir el sentimiento de la compasión en las propuestas pedagógicas de educación moral. Destacamos la complementariedad e intersección de planteamientos en el ámbito de la ética y el desarrollo moral que con diversas denominaciones vienen a considerar aspectos similares: ética de los sentimientos morales, ética del cuidado y la responsabilidad, ética de la alteridad, ética de la hospitalidad, entre otras. Por último, incidimos en dos aspectos que deberían tenerse en cuenta a la hora de realizar una pedagogía de la compasión en el ámbito moral: las relaciones entre profesor y alumno y el enfoque narrativo en el desarrollo moral.
La eficacia en la educación a distancia: ¿un problema resuelto?
Authors: García Aretio Lorenzo , Ruiz Corbella Marta
Published: November 2020

Gracias a la preocupación existente por la calidad de la educación a distancia, se ha reunido una amplia literatura científica que ha ayudado a detectar los puntos fuertes y débiles de esta metodología, lo que ha conducido a su permanente mejora. Una de sus líneas de investigación se dirige a comprobar si existen diferencias significativas entre la enseñanza presencial y la a distancia. A través de la metodología empírica de análisis de contenido, hemos accedido a investigaciones sobre el rendimiento de los estudiantes en ambos formatos, con el objetivo de detectar diferencias significativas entre éstos. Este metanálisis evidencia que la eficacia en la educación no depende de los recursos tecnológicos, ni de los propios profesores, ni de los estudiantes, aunque todos ellos son decisivos, sino de la calidad de sus diseños pedagógicos. Con diseños rigurosos, sea en formatos presenciales o en modalidad a distancia, los resultados no difieren significativamente.
A estética como factor promotor da aprendizagem
Authors: Bezerra Barbosa Fátima Maria , Margarita PINO-JUSTE
Published: November 2020

La reflexión filosófica sobre el arte, lo hermoso, lo bueno, lo verdadero y su capacidad de promover el desarrollo humano es un tema que remonta a Platón en la cultura occidental. Considerando que la educación debe ser entendida como un fenómeno integral, que abarca no sólo las dimensiones intelectuales sino también las dimensiones sensibles, la intuición y el raciocinio, las capacidades imaginativas y creativas, el «saber ser» y el «saber estar» parejas del «conocer» y del «saber hacer», pensamos que es incuestionable la importancia de la estética en el fenómeno educativo. El objetivo de este trabajo es demostrar la importancia de la educación estética como motor fundamental de desarrollo humano y, en este sentido, como catalizador de la motivación y del aprendizaje, para que, a través de la imaginación y de la creatividad, sea posible la innovación en la construcción de vías alternativas para un mundo más humano y placentero.
Elementos para una pedagogía de la alteridad en la práctica de educadoras sociales. Un estudio narrativo
Authors: Arbiol González Clara
Published: November 2020

El texto es fruto de una investigación narrativa que explora la práctica de cuatro educadoras sociales para indagar en el saber que las sostiene en la creación de relaciones educativas, un saber que proviene de la experiencia y que tiene su origen en la relación. El presente artículo se centra en mostrar la exploración de la experiencia de las educadoras sociales para señalar lo que podrían constituir elementos para una pedagogía de la alteridad en su práctica de relación educativa. Para ello, presento brevemente los ejes que guían la investigación, así como el proceder de la misma –una indagación narrativa–, para centrarme en los hallazgos: elementos del saber de la experiencia de las educadoras como elementos para una pedagogía de la alteridad. Es en esta parte donde pongo a dialogar la experiencia de las educadoras con la literatura en relación a la alteridad y la pedagogía del otro.
Seroprevalence of canine hepatitis in stray dogs in Nineveh Province, Iraq
Authors: Al-Jumaa Zahraa Mustafa , Ajaj Eva Aisser , Dahl Mohammad Osamah
Published: November 2020

Aim: The current study was conducted to explore evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in dogs in Nineveh Province, Iraq.

Materials and Methods: Serum samples of 78 dogs were used to (i) estimate levels of the antibodies against HBV through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and (ii) measure the activity of liver function enzymes.

Results: Seropositive dogs for HBV constituted 9% of total tested dogs. The differences in seropositivity among males compared to females and among different ages were not statistically significant. Liver function enzymes analysis revealed a significant increase in the activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in seropositive dogs compared to those seronegative.

Conclusion: Hepatitis B is evident in dogs in Nineveh Province, Iraq, with a significant impact on liver function in affected dogs. It is important to confirm this evidence through molecular tests.
Penyederhanaan Partai Politik Melalui Parliamentary Threshold: Pelanggaran Sistematis Terhadap Kedaulatan Rakyat
Authors: Indrawan Jerry , Aji M Prakoso
Published: November 2020

Sejak pemilu 2009, aturan Ambang Batas Parlemen (PT) sudah mulai diterapkan secara nasional di dengan tujuan mengurangi parpol yang lolos di DPR. Diharapkan aturan ini dapat menyederhanakan jumlah parpol di Indonesia yang dirasa sudah terlalu banyak. Namun, pertentangan terhadap aturan ini muncul karena PT terkesan melanggar kedaulatan rakyat dengan cara tidak memberikan kesempatan bagi calon legislatif untuk duduk di parlemen pusat, sekalipun berhasil meraih kursi di daerah pemilihannya, hanya karena parpolnya tidak lolos ambang batas secara nasional. Angka 4% yang ditetapkan sebagai ambang batas penulis anggap sebagai pelanggaran sistematis terhadap kedaulatan rakyat. Hal ini karena angka tersebut ditentukan hanya melalui proses kompromi elit, bukan kajian ilmiah, maupun lewat aspirasi masyarakat, yang tetap dapat menjaga tegaknya kedaulatan rakyat. Selama dua pemilu terakhir sejak PT diterapkan, jumlah parpol di Indonesia tidak berkurang, justru bertambah. Kondisi ini semakin menegaskan kegagalan PT dalam proses penyederhaan parpol di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menunjukkan bahwa PT tidak berhasil melakukan penyederhanaan parpol. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui metode penelitian kualitatif, dengan mengambil data-data melalui sumber sekunder, yaitu buku, jurnal, dan teks-teks lainnya. Penulis juga melakukan wawancara dengan beberapa narasumber ahli yang diharapkan bisa memberikan masukan terkait penelitian ini. Temuan penelitian adalah bahwa konsep penyederhanaan parpol tidak dapat dilakukan berdasarkan PT, tetapi melalui pengurangan kursi di setiap daerah pemilihan, yang tidak melanggar kedaulatan rakyat. Kata Kunci: Ambang Batas Parlemen, Penyederhanaan Parpol, dan Kedaulatan Rakyat
ETIKA PERANG DALAM ISLAM DAN TEORI JUST WAR
Authors: Basyar M. Hamdan
Published: November 2020

Etika perang dalam Islam sudah ada sejak masa Rasulullah. Ada tahapan yang jelas sebelum perang dilaksanakan. Dalam peperangan, non-kombatan tidak boleh dibunuh. Pasukan Islam juga tidak diperkenankan merusak lingkungan dengan merusak pohon atau pun membunuh binatang peliharaan. Tawanan perang diperlakukan dengan baik. Etika perang dalam Islam itu bila dikaitkan dengan teori just war, terlihat sedikit bermasalah. Di bawah jus ad bellum, ada posisi yang tidak setara dari penghuni dar al-Islam dan dar al-harb. Di bawah jus in bello, gagasan diskriminasi kombatan dan non-kombatan dalam Islam tidak setara dengan prinsip modern kekebalan non-kombatan.Kata kunci: etika perang, Islam, teori just war
INOVASI DAN KETIDAKPASTIAN: MENUJU PERSPEKTIF BARU KEKUASAAN DALAM POLITIK GLOBAL
Authors: Margiansyah Defbry
Published: November 2020

Kompleksitas dan kecepatan perubahan yang ditandai dengan kondisi ketidakpastian dan ketidakterdugaan merupakan bagian inheren dalam dinamika politik internasional masa kini. Studi hubungan internasional cenderung melihat kondisi tersebut sebagai komponen difusi kekuasaan yang dapat mengontrol peristiwa dan aktor, dalam perspektif kekuasaan dimensi “control.” Pandangan konvensional ini menganggap dunia sepenuhnya dapat dikelola dan dikendalikan melalui kapabilitas dan kalkulasi risiko, dan menghiraukan situasi ketidakpastian yang tidak dapat dikontrol. Menanggapi keterbatasan ini, Peter Katzenstein dan Lucia Seybert mengajukan konsep “protean power” dalam buku terbarunya, untuk melengkapi perspektif kekuasaan dalam menjelaskan dinamika politik global kontemporer dengan penekanan khusus pada inovasi dan improvisasi sebagai respon cerdas dan kreatif terhadap ketidakpastian dan ketidakterdugaan. Konseptualisasi inovatif ini diperkuat oleh kajian empiris atas isu-isu lintas periode dalam menyingkap kelemahan konsep kekuasaan yang dipahami secara unidimensional. Artikel ini bertujuan menelaah dan meninjau substansi konsep dan studi empiris dari karya kolaboratif ini, serta mengkritisi analisis konseptualnya dengan merekonstruksi deskripsi konsep yang lebih operatif dalam menjelaskan kompleksitas dinamika kekuasaan dalam arena politik global yang kompetitif.Kata Kunci: Teori Hubungan Internasional, Inovasi, Kuasa, Kekuasaan Protean, Ketidakpastian
Rapeseed crop damage by wildlife assessed from Landsat images
Authors: Sisák István
Published: November 2020

Rapeseed is the fourth most important crop in Hungary regarding its cultivation area. Crop damage by deer and boar has been becoming strongly debated issue in the last few years. More exact clarification of damage was aimed at in this study with help of Landast images. Six rapeseed fields were investigated both in 2012 and 2013 in the administrative area of Várfölde, Bánokszentgyörgy, Bázakerettye and Borsfa (Zala County, Hungary). The total area in 2013 was 43 hectares. 100 % wildlife damage affected 3.9 hectares and 10 hectares were free from any damage. The total area in 2012 was 40 hectares in which 3.3 hectares were free from damage but neither fields suffered total damage. Yield map from 2017 of a 26 hectares field near to Gutorfölde and Szentkozmadombja was used to validate the space image based assessment method with real yield data. Landsat 7 images with acquisition dates of 2013.04.16., 2013.05.18. and 2013.06.03. were downloaded from the website of US Geological Service.  All bands and NDVI index were investigated for all dates to establish best estimator for differences between damaged and not damaged fields. Band 5 (SWIR: 1.55-1.75 μm) in 16th of April proved to be the best.  It was concluded with help of the reflectance data (zero damage: 96.4, complete damage:164.5, partial damage:124.7 on the average) that yield reduction was 41.5 % on areas with partial damage. There was no complete damage in 2012. However, reflectance data of not damaged fields were very close to each other in the two years (96.4 in 2013 and 89.9 in 2012 on the average) thus, it could be assumed that the same is true for reflectance data of completely damaged fields, so data from 2013 can be used for the comparison. Based on the data (zero damage: 89.9/2012, complete damage:164.5/2013, partial damage:118.4/2012 on the average) it was calculated, that one field suffered 38 % yield reduction, one hectare portion of another field suffered 23 % yield reduction, and other fields were not damaged significantly. Yield map from 2017 and Landsat 8 SWIR reflectance (Band 6: 1.566 – 1.651 μm) in 3rd of April have shown strong correlation (R2=0,634), which was a direct evidence that both yield and wildlife damage of rapeseed can be reliably assessed from Landsat SWIR reflectance data acquired in April.
Impact of Brexit on the trade of Hungarian agricultural and food products
Authors: Vásáry Miklós
Published: November 2020

As a result of the longer preparation process, 51.9% of voters voted in the UK on 23 June 2016 in the form of a referendum to leave the European Union. Although the negotiation process has begun, many decisive points and principles - the negotiators' agreement on the post-exit process - have not decided at the beginning of 2019.

The fact that the United Kingdom officially withdraws from the European Union will significantly transform bilateral trade relations. Through the – till now – fruitful cooperation, both sides were able to take advantages and thus have achieved substantial economic benefits, economic and welfare growth. It seems that the UK has been more in need of its trade, so it is becoming increasingly important on what conditions the new cooperation will operate.

But it may also be important to see how the British exit will affect Hungary. Within this framework, one specific area of trade policy, the analysis and evaluation of agri-food processes, should be carried out. Although there is a significant geographical distance between the two countries, there has been a growing and significant commercial activity due to the favorable trade effects.

The purpose of this study is to structure the trade effects between the agri-food industry. In addition, there is a need to organize the affected branches and expected effects too.
Hubungan Kadar C-Reaktif Protein dengan Stunting Usia 2-5 Tahun di Pucangsawit, Surakarta
Authors: Ahasmi Labiqatullubabah , Nugroho Hari Wahyu , Salimo Harsono
Published: November 2020

Latar belakang. Stunting merupakan masalah kekurangan gizi yang kronis. Defisiensi mikronutrien pada stunting seperti zink, kalsium, vitamin D dan magnesium dapat memicu sitokin pro inflamasi dan memodulasi respon imun spesifik yang ditandai dengan peningkatan CRP.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan kadar C-reaktif protein (CRP) dengan stunting.Metode. Studi potong lintang beberapa PAUD daerah Pucangsawit, Surakarta, dilakukan dari Juli 2019 sampai Januari 2020. Semua anak yang masuk kategori stunting berdasarkan antropometri mendapatkan pemeriksaan CRP. Kemudian dilakukan analisis hubungan antara kadar CRP dengan stunting dengan uji Mann Whitney.Hasil. Terdapat 32 anak stunting yang terdiri dari 62,5% perempuan dan 37,5% lelaki. Sebanyak 75% anak dengan stunted dan 25% dengan severely stunted. Tidak terdapat peningkatan kadar CRP pada semua sampel dan tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar CRP yang signifikan pada anak stunted dan severely stunted (p=0,512)Kesimpulan. Kadar CRP tidak berhubungan dengan stunting baik pada anak yang stunted maupun severely stunted.
Bifidobakterium dan Kesehatan Saluran Cerna Anak
Authors: Ranuh Reza , Hegar Badriul
Published: November 2020

Kolonosisasi mikrobiota saluran cerna yang didominasi oleh mikrobiota sehat merupakan aspek penting dalam optimalisasi kesehatan anak. Komposisi mikrobiota saluran cerna selalu berubah pada setiap keadaan karena banyak faktor yang memengaruhinya. Bifidobacteria terdapat dalam Air Susu Ibu dan mendominasi saluran cerna bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif, seringkali dikaitkan dengan kesehatan bayi dan anak dikemudian hari. Bifidobacteria dikategorikan dalam dua kelompok, yaitu (1) spesies Bifidobacteria berasal dari manusia (human residential bifidobacteria/HRB) dan (2) spesies Bifidobacteria yang secara alami berkoloni di hewan/ lingkungan (non-HRB). Bifidobacteria breve, B. longum subsp.infantis, dan B. bifidum adalah HRB yang terdapat pada bayi. Kolonisasi usus bayi ASI eksklusif didominasi oleh HRB saat berusia 2 minggu. Suplementasi HRB memberikan efek protektif NEC pada bayi dengan usia gestasi <34 minggu. Resolusi sakit perut bermakna terlihat pada irritable bowel syndrome yang mendapat suplementasi HRB, walaupun demikian belum cukup kuat bukti untuk menyatakan bahwa probiotik lebih efektif dalam mencegah kolik infantil.
Multimodal Ultrasound Model Based on the Left Gastric Vein in B-Viral Cirrhosis: Noninvasive Prediction of Esophageal Varices
Authors: Xu Xinzhi , Jin Ying , Lin Yuanqiang , Hu Dongmei , Zhou Yaoyao , Li Dianqiu , Wang Hui , Jin Chunxiang
Published: November 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To establish and verify a simple noninvasive model based on the left gastric vein (LGV) to predict the grade of esophageal varices (EV) and high-risk EV (HEV), to facilitate clinical follow-up and timely treatment.

METHODS:

We enrolled 320 patients with B-viral cirrhosis. All patients underwent endoscopy, laboratory tests, liver and spleen stiffness (SS), and ultrasonography. HEV were analyzed using the χ2 test/t test and logistic regression in the univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively. EV grades were analyzed using the variance/rank-sum test and logistic regression. A prediction model was derived from the multivariate predictors.

RESULTS:

In the training set, multivariate analysis showed that the independent factors of different EV grades were SS, LGV diameter, and platelet count (PLT). We developed the LGV diameter-SS to PLT ratio index (LSPI) and LGV diameter/PLT models without SS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the LSPI for diagnosis of small EV, medium EV, large EV, and HEV was 0.897, 0.899, 0.853, and 0.954, respectively, and that of the LGV/PLT was 0.882, 0.890, 0.837, and 0.942, respectively. For the diagnosis of HEV, the negative predictive value was 94.07% when LSPI < 19.8 and the positive predictive value was 91.49% when LSPI > 23.0. The negative predictive value was 95.92% when LGV/PLT < 5.15, and the positive predictive value was 86.27% when LGV/PLT > 7.40. The predicted values showed similar accuracy in the validation set.

DISCUSSION:

Under appropriate conditions, the LSPI was an accurate method to detect the grade of EV and HEV. Alternatively, the LGV/PLT may also be useful in diagnosing the varices when condition limited.
Scholars and Literati at the Royal College in Paris (1530–1800)
Authors: De la Croix David
Published: November 2020

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati taught at the Royal College in Paris, from its inception in 1530 to the eve of the Industrial Revolution (1800).
Measuring Language Gains in a Foreign Language Context
Authors: Muñoz Restrepo Ana , Valderrama Carvajal Isabel , Lopez Muñoz Alejandra , Avendaño Franco Ricardo
Published: November 2020

Learning gain can be defined as the difference between students’ language competences demonstrated at two different points in time. In this article, we reported on a small-scale study aimed at measuring learning gains and piloting the methods chosen. Fourteen students of English as a foreign language participated in the study. We employed a student self-report survey, an oral performance assessment task and a standardised test for data gathering, and we applied them at three different moments during the eight-month study. Our data analysis includes the comparison of percentages rendered by test scores, the estimation of means for oral task scores and grouping and coding for qualitative data in the survey. Results show the gradual pattern of language improvement and the suitability of methods. These results can help stakeholders or policymakers in selecting relevant evidence to improve accountability in decision-making. We have provided conclusions and recommendations below for a larger scale study.
Schoology: una herramienta para el desarrollo de la habilidad escrita en inglés
Authors: Rodríguez Tamayo Ilba Yaneth , Vargas Hernández Leidy Jhoanna
Published: November 2020

Este estudio es resultado de una investigación adelantada en una maestría de profundización. Versa sobrela relación del desarrollo de la habilidad escrita en inglés y la implementación de la plataforma LMS Schoology como herramienta para tal fin en un grupo de estudiantes de básica primaria en una institución privada en la ciudad de Tunja, Colombia. Los datos se recogieron a través de los trabajos presentados por los estudiantes, de un cuestionario y de un grupo focal, todo enmarcado dentro de un paradigma de investigación mixto. Al finalizar, se evidencia la manera como la plataforma contribuyó con el desarrollo de la habilidad escritural, con la integración de factores como la motivación, la propuesta de actividades llamativas y la ejecución de tareas tanto en el salón de clases como fuera de este. Igualmente, los estudiantes mostraron aceptación del sistema y su disposición para el aprendizaje mejoró.
Automating the Search and Discovery of Manufacturing Service Providers to Enable a Digital Supply Chain Network
Authors: Starly Binil , Cohen Paul , Raman Shivakumar
Published: November 2020

Uncertainty in manufacturing networks has created barriers to closing the gap between design enterprises and the American industrial base. Uncertainty arises from the lack of transparent access to manufacturer capabilities, the inability to auto-discover service providers who are best capable for a given job request, and the dependence on human word-of-mouth trust network relationships that exist in the manufacturing supply chain. This uncertainty slows down the pace of product development lifecycles from a viewpoint of inefficient forms of supplier assessment, vetting, selection, and compliance, leading to a trust tax tacked onto the final price of products. In times of global crisis such as the coronavirus disease pandemic, this uncertainty also leads to inefficient forms of gathering information on manufacturing capability, available capacity, and registered licenses and assessing compliance. This technical note outlines solution pathways that can help ease the search and discovery process of connecting clients and manufacturing service providers through digitally enabled technologies.
Technology Enablers for Manufacturing Resilience in the COVID-19 and Post–COVID-19 Era
Authors: Kamarthi Sagar , Li Wei
Published: November 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has created substantial detrimental impacts on the global manufacturing industry. The COVID-19 outbreak across the globe has caused a short supply of raw materials and components required to keep production running in the automobile, chemical, electronics, and aircraft sectors. In this technical note, the authors present their views on how different manufacturing stages are affected by various COVID-related factors. The authors discuss their ideas on employing emerging industry 4.0 technologies as building blocks of resilience themes necessary to circumvent COVID-related disruptions and make future manufacturing resilient, efficient, and cost-effective.
The Importance of Antagonism: Explaining Similarities and Differences in Psychopathy and Narcissism's Relations With Aggression and Externalizing Outcomes
Authors: Vize Colin E. , Collison Katherine L. , Lynam Donald R.
Published: November 2020

Psychopathy and narcissism are multidimensional constructs with substantial overlap. Low agreeableness (i.e., antagonism) features prominently in clinical and theoretical descriptions of both disorders. The authors examined whether antagonism components of their assessments accounted for the overlap between narcissism and psychopathy. Next, they tested whether the antagonism components were responsible for the relations that narcissism and psychopathy bore to aggression outcomes. Using multiple regression, the authors found that the low agreeableness component accounted for the majority of overlap between psychopathy and narcissism, nearly all of the variance in narcissism's relations with aggression outcomes, and the majority of variance in psychopathy's relations with aggression outcomes. Disinhibitory traits, which serve to distinguish psychopathy from narcissism, accounted for incremental variance in aggression outcomes for psychopathy. Results are discussed in the context of the overlap between narcissism and psychopathy. The authors argue that low agreeableness is largely responsible for the maladaptive outcomes associated with grandiose narcissism and psychopathy.
Comment évaluer les effets d'une approche pédagogique préconisant la psychopédagogie du bienêtre sur la réussite éducative d'élèves du primaire ?
Authors: Goyette Nancy , Martineau Stéphane , Gagnon Brigitte , Bazinet Julie
Published: November 2020

Cet article présente une recherche-action de trois ans menée avec 5 enseignantes d'une école primaire qui a permis l'émergence d'une communauté d’apprentissage préconisant la psychopédagogie du bienêtre. Ce nouveau champ en sciences de l’éducation permet d’intégrer des interventions pédagogiques bienveillantes en contexte scolaire. Un devis méthodologique mixte a permis de recueillir des données auprès des élèves et des enseignantes afin de mesurer les effets de ces interventions sur le bienêtre des élèves à l'école, leur capacité à nommer leurs forces et des moyens adéquats pour le ressentir, tout en établissant un lien avec la réussite éducative.