bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dead again: predictions of repeat tree die-off under hotter droughts confirm mortality thresholds for a dryland conifer species
Authors: Wion Andreas P , Breshears David D , Carroll Charles J W , Cobb Neil S , Hart Sarah J , Law Darin J , Meneses Nashelly , Redmond Miranda D
Published: June 2022

Tree die-off, driven by extreme drought and exacerbated by a warming climate, is occurring rapidly across every wooded continent—threatening carbon sinks and other ecosystem services provided by forests and woodlands. Forecasting the spatial patterns of tree die-off in response to drought is a priority for the management and conservation of forested ecosystems under projected future hotter and drier climates. Several thresholds derived from drought-metrics have been proposed to predict mortality of Pinus edulis, a model tree species in many studies of drought-induced tree die-off. To improve future capacity to forecast tree mortality, we used a severe drought as a natural experiment. We compared the ability of existing mortality thresholds derived from four drought metrics (the Forest Drought Severity Index (FDSI), the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, and raw values of precipitation (PPT) and vapor pressure deficit, calculated using 4 km PRISM data) to predict areas of P. edulis die-off following an extreme drought in 2018 across the southwestern US. Using aerial detection surveys of tree mortality in combination with gridded climate data, we calculated the agreement between these four proposed thresholds and the presence and absence of regional-scale tree die-off using sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC). Overall, existing mortality thresholds tended to over predict the spatial extent of tree die-off across the landscape, yet some retain moderate skill in discriminating between areas that experienced and did not experience tree die-off. The simple PPT threshold had the highest AUC score (71%) as well as fair sensitivity and specificity, but the FDSI had the greatest sensitivity to die-off (85.9%). We highlight that empirically derived climate thresholds may be useful forecasting tools to identify vulnerable areas to drought induced die-off, allowing for targeted responses to future droughts and improved management of at-risk areas.
Challenge and Innovation on Formulation and Implementation Standard for Agricultural Based Product in new Normal toward Global Food Security
Authors: Prasetya B
Published: June 2022

The agriculture and food sector has a strategic position for most countries in the world, including Indonesia. These sectors serve a variety of functions and deliver numerous economic, social, and environmental co-benefits. The most fundamental purpose of these sectors is to ensure food security, providing employment, supplying healthy and high-quality food, and facilitating business integration between small and medium enterprises. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted various activities from production, processing, distribution, and consumption. To overcome this situation, a number of appropriate activities have been done and some appropriate plans in the middle-long term. In line with that, the opportunities to make an innovation are open based on the lesson learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper describes the opportunity for innovation and the role of standardization recovery of food security and food safety. Acceleration of formulation standard and its implementation. Key factors affected in the formulation of standards are identified with regard to the recent situation. Change in b business process for stakeholder service-related certification, accreditation, calibration in metrology was also reported. Moreover, the national system of standardization and conformity assessment in connection with the global platform was also discussed including the role of standardization World Trade Organization (WTO). The method used in this review is descriptive-analytic based on literature studies from several scientific journals, publications released by international organizations, associations, and government policy.
Enhancement of Quality and Milled Rice Yield Recovery Through The Improvement of Polishing Process and Configuration
Authors: Rachmat R , Rahayu E , Darniadi S , Hadipernata M
Published: June 2022

In general, small to medium scale rice mills in Indonesia produced low rice yield and relatively inefficient operational cost. The objective of study was to improve the performance of the rice milling unit (RMU) through revitalizing the process and milling configuration. The research was conducted in 2019 on medium-scale rice mills located in the Laboratory of Rice Quality and Cereal Postharvest (LRQCP), in Karawang. The research method was designed by empirical data analysis from the change of polishing methods from the abrasive-friction became the abrasive - abrasive polishing system, followed by tempering tank before entering into the third process with friction mist-polishing system. The observed parameters were physical rice quality, and performance of the milling process, included the economic analyses of Net B/C ratio. Physical analysis of paddy and milled rice quality was carried out at the LRQCP, in Karawang. The rice quality evaluation was conducted according to the Regulation of Agricultural Minister no.31, 2017. The research results showed after revitalization the rice recovery of Ciherang variety increased (0.72%) as well as Inpari 32 variety became 0.91% respectively. the milled rice appearances became cleaner and glossy. The economic analyses of Net B/C ratio matched the economic viability (> 1).
The Quality of Cream Formulated From Gambier Leaf Extract
Authors: Hernani  , Halimatussa’diyah  , Supiati S
Published: June 2022

Gambier (Uncaria gambier (Hunter) Roxb) is one of the natural ingredients which have quite a lot of empirical use. Many pharmacological compounds have found Gambier extract, one of which is as an antioxidant. The most dominant compound content is phenolic compounds. The present work was to evaluate the characteristics of the cream formulated from Gambier extract and its antioxidant properties. The research method was carried out in several stages, including extraction of Gambier leaf, formulation, and analysis of the characteristic of the product. The experimental design was completely randomized with 2 replications. The physical stability test was carried out by observing the cream stored at three different temperatures, namely 4 ± 2°C, 27 ± 2°C, 40 ± 2°C. The stability parameters observed were visual, pH, and viscosity. Determination of antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) suppression method based on the DPPH inhibition value (IC50). The result showed that the cream has a homogeneous with a greenish yellow color to green, pH ranging from 7.62 to 7.80, and viscosity in the range of 1500 to 5000 cP at a speed of 2 rpm. After storage 6 weeks, the viscosity tends to increase, particularly in speed at 2 rpm. Meanwhile, stability testing of 3 level temperature storage, there was no changing its homogeneity, odor, and texture. The concentration of extract Gambier leaf in the formula affected the % inhibition of product. The addition of Gambier leaf extract with different concentrations to the cream is thought to affect the physical stability of cream. The inhibition of product was ranging from 44.2 to 72.9 ppm
Shelf-life Estimation of Mocaf Dry Noodles Using Critical Moisture Content Approach in Various Packaging
Authors: Sefrienda A R , Febriani F L , Anandito R B K , Ariani D , Fathoni A
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the critical moisture content, moisture sorption isotherm (MSI) curve and the shelf-life of mocaf dry noodles products using the Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing (ASLT) approach to the critical moisture content approach using two types of packaging, PP (Polypropylene) and metalized. The results of this study are obtained critical moisture content of mocaf dry noodles products of 15.8467% (db), with the MSI curve at 30°C forming a type II isotherm type sigmoid curve with the equation y = 202.79x3-2261x2 + 110.36x2, 4188 with R2 = 0.9846. Calculation results for estimating the shelf-life of mocaf dry noodles are 992.739 days with PP (Polypropylene) packaging and 2,171.831 days with metalized packaging.
The Effect of Plastic Crate and Cardboard Packaging on The Physical Quality of Fresh Red Chili
Authors: Siahaan S P , Purwanto Y A
Published: June 2022

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the basic consumption commodities in Indonesia for household and industrial needs. Chili is a horticultural product that was easily damaged (both physically and mechanically) and was always needed so that proper packaging and storaging can be a critical post-harvest point to maintain horticulture product freshness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect plastic crate and cardboard box packaging on the physical quality of fresh curly chili. The curly chilies that have been harvested are then sorted based on uniformity of quality. Sorting is carried out to ensure that the quality of fresh curly chilies is uniform. The chilies are put into cardboard packaging and plastic baskets neatly and fully filled, then covered with adhesive so that during transportation the chilies do not spill out of the package. The weight of each package is measured to determine the initial weight of the packed chilies and then transported using a pick-up car. After that, the chilies are stored at 150C for 16 days until curly chilies are not suitable for consumption. Chili quality measurement included weight loss, color change, hardness and water content changes. The cardboard packaging is better than using plastic crate when viewed in terms of increased weight loss (crate packaging weight losses 27,5%, cardboard packaging weight loss 24,8% after storage). Storage using plastic crate and cardboard is proven to be good at maintaining the hardness of chili (around 2,15-2,20 N after storage). Color changes was seen in basket packaging and cardboard packaging (the degree of L, a, b). In terms of changes in moisture content, plastic crate packaging is better than cardboard packaging to maintain the moisture content (The moisture content in plastic crate packaging was 82% to 74%, moisture content in cardboard packaging was 81% to 75%).
The Effect of Packaging Methods on Characteristics of Zalacca During Storage
Authors: Mulyawanti I , Widayanti S M , Dewandari K T , Iriani E S
Published: June 2022

Modifying storage conditions through modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is an effort that can be done to maintain the quality and shelf life of zalacca fruit. The application of MAP causes the concentration of O2 and CO2 to change from normal conditions so that it affects the physiological activity of the fruit. MAP in this study was carried out through the application of several packaging techniques for zalacca fruit. The packaging technique includes packaging using plastic wrap, 0.05 mm LDPE plastic with 12 perforations with a diameter of 0.5 cm, packaging with 0.05 mm LDPE plastic by adjusting the composition of the air in the plastic at 9% O2 and CO2 concentrations, and control. Zalacca fruits were cleaned by brushing, treated with immersion in 5% galangal extract, air-dried, packed in various packaging techniques, then stored in a refrigerator at 12°C and stored for 21 days. Observations were made every 7 days on weight-loss parameters, moisture content of skin and flesh, total soluble solids, and visual observations of zalacca fruit appearance. The results showed that the use of wrapping plastic film as a packaging material could reduce weight loss and maintain moisture content and TSS and better maintenance of visual appearance.
Changes in Quality Characteristics at Pakcoy was Packaged in Conventional and Paper
Authors: Waryat  , Ahmadi N R , Sulistyaningrum A
Published: June 2022

Pakcoy is agricultural products and perisable after being harvested. One of methods to inhibit the rate of deterioration is by using packaging. The study aimed to examine the use of conventional and paper on quality changes. Pakcoy is packaged using PP plastic, PE plastic, paper and wrapping plastic. The experiment was designed by using a completely randomized design (CRD. Pakcoy was observed for the 7th days. The variable observed pakcoy were weight loss, color changes (L*, a*, and b* value), TPC content , Pb and Hg content. The results showed that the weight loss observations of PE. Observation of the color variable showed no difference in the various types of packaging but TPC and Pb content were significantly different.
Physicochemical And Sensory Characteristics of Fruit Leather From Various Indonesian Local Fruits
Authors: Sukasih E , Widayanti S M
Published: June 2022

Indonesia has started to develop the fruit leather, but the texture hardens during storage and has a short shelf life. Fruit leather is a fruit-processed product made from various fruits that have a skin-like consistency. This research was aimed to obtain the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of the fruit leather from various fruits. The experiment was designed Randomized Complete Design (CRD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the various of fruit consisting of five types of local fruits. The second factor was margarine concentration, which consisted of 4 levels (0, 5, 10, and 15%). The analysis was performed on physical, chemical, microbiological, and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the most preferred fruit leather was made from pineapple with 10 % margarine concentration, with the following characteristics: moisture content of 16.36%, the yield of 51.30%, the texture of 79.34 g/f, lightness of 36.97, dietary fiber of 9.05%, an acid total of 1.59%, ascorbic acid of 85.34 mg / 100 g, sugar total of 18.40 %, log TPC of 0.90, with sensory score attribute: the color of 4.5, flavor of 4.05, taste of 4.5 and texture of 4.45, they were moderate like to like. The implication of this research is for diversification which can increase the added value and shelf life of local fruits in Indonesia.
Physical Properties of physico-enzymatically modified sago starch originated from Papua: A preliminary study
Authors: Diyono W , Budiyanto A , Purwani E Y , Aulia S , Rumaisha  , Widaningrum
Published: June 2022

Sago starch is abundantly available in Indonesia, in term of quantity. Nevertheless, it could not be formulated as flexible as wheat flour because the sago starch did not contain gluten in its native structure. To improve the functional properties of sago starch, the pre-treatment was applied to bring more desirable properties on food products. In this study, the physical properties of heat-treated sago starch were intensively investigated. Sago starch was pre-treated and adjusted to a range of temperatures by using extruder to pre-gelatinized sago starch. The starch was analysed to study its pasting properties (using rapid visco analyzer), crystallinity (using X-Ray Diffraction), microcellular granules (using scanning electron microscope) and polarization properties (using microscope). Results showed that under various temperatures of 60°C-100°C the enzyme treatment affected the potential applicability of sago starch. The pasting properties of all tested samples were lower than the native sago starch and the crystallinity of sago starch was also varied depending upon the temperatures.
The Visible Characteristic of Modified Cassava Flour-Noodle after Treatment with Mineral Salt
Authors: Al-Baarri A N , Widayat  , Legowo A M , Mawarid A A , Dewanti A , Zain N D J , Rohma Z A , Lestari F P , Pangestika W
Published: June 2022

Noodles are made from the main ingredient of wheat flour obtained through imports. In order to reduce imports of wheat flour, modified cassava flour or mocaf can be used as wheat replacement. Mocaf is flour made from cassava through a fermentation process. Due to the fermentation process, mocaf has characteristics similar to wheat flour but does not contain gluten and low in protein, so that the texture of the noodles made of mocaf is less firm, brittle, and much brighter. One alternative that can be done to improve and maintain the texture, color and salinity of noodles made from mocaf is to add mineral salt. Therefore, this research was conducted to improve the color and determine the salinity of noodles made from mocaf with the addition of the salt. Noodles with wheat flour (C), wheat flour and mocaf (MF), mocaf with mineral salt (MFM). Based on the results of the study, significant changes were detected in MFM noodles. The color of MFM noodles showed brighter than C and MF noodles. In conclusion, the addition of mineral salt to mocaf noodles could increase brightness and salinity.
Characteristics of Organoleptic Quality of Several Long-grain and Bold-grain Rice Varieties in Indonesia
Authors: Suryana E A , Kamsiati E , Somantri A S
Published: June 2022

The tip of quality assessment is the consumer acceptance for the product in terms of the quality component. The preference level responds to a product's based on the color, taste, aroma, and texture. This study aimed to determine the organoleptic characteristics and level of acceptance for eight varieties of rice (long-grain and bold-grain). The method used is quality testing in the laboratory (physical, chemical and organoleptic quality). Varieties of rice that used namely Inpari 32, Inpari 42, Mantap, Mixed long grain, Muncul, Sintanur, Tarabas, and Mixed bold grain. Parameters for rice organoleptic test are color, aroma, texture, stickiness, taste, and overall acceptance. Data obtained from the test were tabulated and analyzed using ANOVA. The test results showed that different varieties had a significantly different effect on the panelist’s assessment of the color and aroma of rice. The panelists' general acceptance of the rice varieties correlated with the assessment parameter's of color, aroma, texture, and taste. Tarabas variety has the highest acceptance score and the most preferred one. It is suggested that rice breeders can use these findings for further develop of rice varieties based on consumers preference and by Directorate General of Food Crop in choosing seed rice varieties to be introduced to farmers.
Physical Quality and Tannin Content of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) at Different Temperature and Soaking Immersion
Authors: Asropi  , Novitasari E , Novita D D
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature and the type of immersion solution on the characteristics of the physical quality and tannin content of sorghum seeds. The material used were red sorghum seeds soaked for 24 hours in a neutral and alkaline solution at 30, 45, and 60°C. The parameters observed included moisture content, hardness, tannin content, and brightness of sorghum seeds which were then carried out statistical analysis and further tests with the DMRT method to determine the effect of treatment levels on parameter changes. The results showed that the increase in water content ranged from 28.22 - 32.16% with the highest final water content of 43.49% in the alkaline immersion treatment at 60°C. The value of decreasing hardness of seeds varied from 66.15 to 79.71% with the lowest hardness value of 11.10 Newton. Decreased levels of tannins by 46.98%; 68.13%; and 73.54% in the treatment of neutral solutions at temperature of 30, 45 and 60°C, and 52.30%; 70.74%; and 72.88% in the alkaline solution treatment at temperature of 30, 45 and 60°C. Soaking in the alkaline solution caused a decrease in the lowest brightness level of sorghum seeds compared to soaking at neutral pH at each temperature levels treatment.
Optimization of Temperature and Drying Time of Lemongrass and Lime Juice to Produce Antioxidant-Rich Instant Powder
Authors: Sucipto S , Tarigan J G T B , Kumalaningsih S
Published: June 2022

Lemongrass has the primary compounds antioxidants of citronellal and geraniol. Lime contains antioxidants of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, tannins, steroids, and flavonoids. These ingredients can be made into functional drink powders that easy served by the foam mat drying method. The temperature and drying time influence the antioxidant content of the final product. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal drying temperature and time for drying lemongrass and lime to produce a high antioxidant of instant powder. This study used Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Factor 1 is the drying temperature (X1) with a lower limit of 60°C and an upper limit of 70°C, and the drying time (X2) with a lower limit of 5 hours and an upper limit of 9 hours. The responses were tested for antioxidant levels, water content, yield, and solubility. The results showed that the optimal drying temperature was 61.23°C and a drying time of 8.73 hours. Verification of optimal conditions obtained IC50 of 44.019 ppm, the water content of 8.57%, yield 27.86%, and solubility of 64.08% with a deviation of each response less than 2% or the model obtained is good. Optimal drying conditions have produced instant powder of lemongrass and lime with high levels of antioxidants.
Continuous Quality Improvement by Statistical Process Control Implementation in Cocoa Agroindustry
Authors: Sucipto S , Ariani I , Wulandari S
Published: June 2022

Downstream sector development for agricultural commodities will encourage agroindustry, increase added value and farmers' income. The development of small-medium cocoa agroindustry is one of the downstream sector development strategies for cocoa. Product quality is one of the problems affecting the performance of cocoa-based agroindustry. Chocolate products face obstacles to meet the quality. Besides, consumers want organoleptic tests related to aroma and flavor as an additional requirement. Statistical Quality Control (SQC) is a method that could maintain production quality at a minimum cost level and achieve efficiency. SQC can see the defect in the production and trend of increasing or decreasing to make improvements. This study aims to analyse the quality of cocoa products with the application of SQC as a continuous improvement strategy. The research method uses a case study. The research phase includes observations, interviews, documentation, measurements, and literature studies. Implementing SQC used check sheets, histograms, Pareto diagrams, and cause-and-effect diagrams related to the product of chocolate by sensory evaluation. Control is carried out in the conching and tempering. Based on a simple SQC, the small-medium cocoa agroindustry can obtain alternative production improvements to increase the final product quality.
Effect of Stabilizer on the Physicochemical and Microbiology Properties of Wheygurt
Authors: Juniawati  , Usmiati S , Budiyanto A
Published: June 2022

In Indonesia, the consumption of cheese has increased every year. Whey is the by-product of cheese production which is abundant availability. Cheese whey can cause environmental problems due to its high Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) concentrations. Until now, cheese whey utilization has not been optimal whereas it contains all essential amino acids and other healthy nutritions. One of the potensial product developed from cheese whey is wheygurt. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of various stabilizer on physicochemical and microbiology properties of wheygurt for 21 days of storage in cold temperature. The experiment was designed with a completely randomized design with 4 treatments (pectin, carboxymethylcelllulose, gelatin and corn starch) and was repeated 3 times The study showed that the treatment had a significanteffects on physicochemical and microbiology characteristics of wheygurt. Gelatin is the best stabilizer because it can keep up quality of wheygurt for 21 days in cold storage. This is indicated by the absence of syneresis and the lowest decrease in total lactic acid bacteria (0.003 CFU/mL)
Production of Xylitol from Corn Biomass using Candida sp. As Microbial Agent
Authors: Rahayu E , Hidayah N , Adiandri R S
Published: June 2022

Xylitol, C5H12O5, is a white and odorless crystalline powder of sweetening agents that included as low-calorie sweetener. It could be used as a healthy ingredient for food and pharmaceutical. Natural sources of xylitol are fruit and vegetable, even in minute quantities. At industrial scale, xylitol is produced through hydrolysis and hydrogenation process of lignocellulosic materials. The aim of this research was to study the production of xylitol from corn biomass using Candida sp. as a microbial agent. The research was conducted using different species of Candida sp. (C. guilliermondii and C. tropicalis) and supplement media growth (with or without glucose). Xylitol concentration was examined after fermentation for 3 and 5 days. The results showed that corncob is a promising material to use in producing xylitol from lignocellulosic biomass. The longer fermentation time, the higher xylitol concentration, ranged from 0.049 to 0.088 g/L. However, compare to another microbe species, the treatment using Candida tropicalis showed that long fermentation resulted in a lower xylitol concentration. The addition of glucose as co-substrate increased xylose consumption rate and xylitol productivity. These results provide useful information to develop further study about xylitol production using agricultural biomass.
Greedy algorithm based circuit optimization for near-term quantum simulation
Authors: Hu Yi , Meng Fanxu , Wang Xiaojun , Luan Tian , Fu Yulong , Zhang Zaichen , Zhang Xianchao , Yu Xutao
Published: June 2022

Simulating quantum systems is believed to be one of the most important applications of quantum computers. On noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, the high-level circuit designed by quantum algorithms for Hamiltonian simulation needs to consider hardware limitations such as gate errors and circuit depth before it can be efficiently executed. In this work, we develop a hardware-agnostic circuit optimization algorithm to reduce the overall circuit cost for Hamiltonian simulation problems. Our method employ a novel sub-circuit synthesis in intermediate representation and propose a greedy ordering scheme for gate cancellation to minimize the gate count and circuit depth. To quantify the benefits of this approach, we benchmark proposed algorithm on different Hamiltonian models. Compared with state-of-the-art generic quantum compilers and specific quantum simulation compiler, the benchmarking results of our algorithm show an average reduction in circuit depth by 16.5× (up to 64.1×) and in gate count by 7.8× (up to 23.7×). This significant improvement helps enhance the performance of Hamiltonian simulation in the NISQ era.
iDRNA-ITF: identifying DNA- and RNA-binding residues in proteins based on induction and transfer framework
Authors: Wang Ning , Yan Ke , Zhang Jun , Liu Bin
Published: June 2022

Protein-DNA and protein-RNA interactions are involved in many biological activities. In the post-genome era, accurate identification of DNA- and RNA-binding residues in protein sequences is of great significance for studying protein functions and promoting new drug design and development. Therefore, some sequence-based computational methods have been proposed for identifying DNA- and RNA-binding residues. However, they failed to fully utilize the functional properties of residues, leading to limited prediction performance. In this paper, a sequence-based method iDRNA-ITF was proposed to incorporate the functional properties in residue representation by using an induction and transfer framework. The properties of nucleic acid-binding residues were induced by the nucleic acid-binding residue feature extraction network, and then transferred into the feature integration modules of the DNA-binding residue prediction network and the RNA-binding residue prediction network for the final prediction. Experimental results on four test sets demonstrate that iDRNA-ITF achieves the state-of-the-art performance, outperforming the other existing sequence-based methods. The webserver of iDRNA-ITF is freely available at http://bliulab.net/iDRNA-ITF.
Effects of the short stitch technique for midline abdominal closure on incisional hernia (ESTOIH): randomized clinical trial
Authors: Fortelny René H , Andrade Dorian , Schirren Malte , Baumann Petra , Riedl Stefan , Reisensohn Claudia , Kewer Jan Ludolf , Hoelderle Jessica , Shamiyeh Andreas , Klugsberger Bettina , Maier Theo David , Schumacher Guido , Köckerling Ferdinand , Pession Ursula , Hofmann Anna , Albertsmeier Markus
Published: June 2022

Background

Incisional hernia remains a frequent problem after midline laparotomy. This study compared a short stitch to standard loop closure using an ultra-long-term absorbent elastic suture material.

Methods

A prospective, multicentre, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, controlled superiority trial was designed for the elective setting. Adult patients were randomly assigned by computer-generated sequence to fascial closure using a short stitch (5 to 8 mm every 5 mm, USP 2-0, single thread HR 26 mm needle) or long stitch technique (10 mm every 10 mm, USP 1, double loop, HR 48 mm needle) with a poly-4-hydroxybutyrate-based suture material (Monomax®). Incisional hernia assessed by ultrasound 1 year after surgery was the primary outcome.

Results

The trial randomized 425 patients to short (n = 215) or long stitch technique (n = 210) of whom 414 (97.4 per cent) completed 1 year of follow-up. In the short stitch group, the fascia was closed with more stitches (46 (12 s.d.) versus 25 (7 s.d.); P < 0.001) and higher suture-to-wound length ratio (5.3 (2.2 s.d.) versus 4.0 (1.3 s.d.); P < 0.001). At 1 year, seven of 210 (3.3 per cent) patients in the short and 13 of 204 (6.4 per cent) patients in the long stitch group developed incisional hernia (odds ratio 1.97, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.77 to 5.05; P = 0.173).

Conclusion

The 1-year incisional hernia development was relatively low with clinical but not statistical difference between short and long stitches.

Registration number: NCT01965249 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
AcetoBase Version 2: a database update and re-analysis of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase amplicon sequencing data from anaerobic digesters
Authors: Singh Abhijeet , Schnürer Anna
Published: June 2022

AcetoBase is a public repository and database of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) sequences. It is the first systematic collection of bacterial FTHFS nucleotide and protein sequences from genomes and metagenome-assembled genomes and of sequences generated by clone library sequencing. At its publication in 2019, AcetoBase (Version 1) was also the first database to establish connections between the FTHFS gene, the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Since the publication of AcetoBase, there have been significant improvements in the taxonomy of many bacterial lineages and accessibility/availability of public genomics and metagenomics data. The update to the AcetoBase reference database described here (Version 2) provides new sequence data and taxonomy, along with improvements in web functionality and user interface. The evaluation of this latest update by re-analysis of publicly accessible FTHFS amplicon sequencing data previously analysed with AcetoBase Version 1 revealed significant improvements in the taxonomic assignment of FTHFS sequences.

Database URL: https://acetobase.molbio.slu.se
Adverse clinical events during the first 24 h of bedrest following cardiac electronic device implantation: a prospective observational study
Authors: Orlando Fabio , Giuffrida Silvia , Vicari Raffaello , Sansalone Andrea , Dell’Avo Alessandro , Bernasconi Stefano , Villa Michele
Published: June 2022

Aims

To describe the incidence and impact of adverse clinical events (ACEs) during first 24 h of bedrest of patients after cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation.

Methods and results

We conducted a prospective observational study of patients aged over 18 years undergoing elective placement of permanent bicameral pacemaker (PM), cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) PM, CRT defibrillator, or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Patients were maintained on bedrest post-operatively for 24 h and delirium, post-operative urinary retention, severe post-operative pain, pressure ulcer, and sleep disturbance were recorded using standardized assessments. Of 90 patients, 66 (73.3%) were male and average age was 76 ± 10 years. The median time to first mobilization was 23 (21–24) h. The adverse clinical events occurred in 48/90, with severe pain (38/90), sleep disturbance (12/90), delirium (9/90), and urinary retention requiring urinary catheterization (8/90) most frequent. Patients receiving implantable cardioverter-defibrillator or CRT defibrillator experienced ACEs significantly more frequently than those receiving PM. Adverse clinical event was associated with prolonged hospital stay [odds ratio (OR) 2.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–6.17]. Patients with delirium were more dependent for daily living activities on admission (OR 8.0; 95% CI 1.55–41.3).

Conclusion

Adverse clinical events frequently occur post-insertion of a CIED and impact patient clinical course and experience. The progressive increase in ageing and frailty of CIED implant candidates requires special nursing attention to improve patients’ satisfaction and to prevent increased healthcare resource use.
The Making of Age-Friendly Universities: A Scoping Review
Authors: Montayre Jed , Maneze Della , Salamonson Yenna , Tan Josh D L , Possamai-Inesedy Alphia
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives

The age-friendly university (AFU) initiative embodies the collaborative efforts of promoting age inclusivity and diversity in higher education, embracing lifelong learning and civic participation in older people. This scoping review aims to explore the conceptualization of AFU, the experiences, and the strategies used in operationalizing the AFU principles of participating universities in becoming members of the age-friendly university network.

Research Design and Methods

A search of peer-reviewed papers published from 2012 to July 2021, conducted in nine databases using JBI scoping review methodology, found 1,752 articles. Of these, 13 papers were eligible for inclusion.

Results

Three themes were identified as key to becoming an AFU: (a) interdisciplinary collaboration within the university; (b) strong partnership with the community; and (c) alignment with global priorities and initiatives. Furthermore, identifying barriers to physical access in universities, such as signage, walkways, and transportation, addressing the less tangible issues of ageism and promoting intergenerational learning were essential to promote engagement of older people.

Discussion and Implications

This review underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach within the university, the reciprocal benefits of authentic university–community collaborations, and the advantages of harnessing international resources and global influence to becoming an AFU. Although the principles of the AFU remain aspirational, the ideals championed by the pioneering universities in the AFU network brought the mutual benefits of intergenerational learning, the challenges and support required for older learners to the fore, propelling the AFU agenda forward.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate cervical cancer by delivering microRNA-331-3p to reduce LIM zinc finger domain containing 2 methylation in tumor cells
Authors: Yang Shanshan , Wang Le , Gu Lina , Wang Zhao , Wang Yuan , Wang Jianan , Zhang Yunyan
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate if extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) deliver microRNA (miR)-331-3p to regulate LIM zinc finger domain containing 2 (LIMS2) methylation in cervical cancer cells. Cervical cancer cells were incubated with EVs from BMSCs with altered expression of miR-331-3p, DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha (DNMT3A) or/and LIMS2 and then subjected to 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine, Transwell, flow cytometry and western blotting analyses. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to verify the binding between miR-331-3p and DNMT3A. A xenograft model was established to evaluate the effect of BMSC-derived EV-miR-331-3p on cervical tumor growth. miR-331-3p was lowly and DNMT3A was highly expressed in cervical cancer. BMSC-derived EVs delivered miR-331-3p to control the behaviors of cervical cancer cells. miR-331-3p inhibited the expression of DNMT3A by binding DNMT3A mRNA. DNMT3A promoted LIMS2 methylation and reduced the expression of LIMS2. Overexpression of DNMT3A or silencing of LIMS2 in BMSCs counteracted the tumor suppressive effects of miR-331-3p. BMSC-derived EV-miR-331-3p also inhibited the growth of cervical tumors in vivo. BMSC-derived EVs alleviate cervical cancer partially by delivering miR-331-3p to reduce DNMT3A-dependent LIMS2 methylation in tumor cells.
Biological sex: an understudied factor driving disease susceptibility in pigs
Authors: Moeser Adam J , Roney Andrew , Fardisi Mahsa , Thelen Kyan
Published: June 2022

Biological sex is a major host factor influencing risk for infectious disease-associated mortality, and chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Research in human and rodent models –has revealed sex differences that exist across organ systems during health and disease that may contribute to sex biases in disease risk. Despite the robust and growing literature on the role of sex as a risk factor in human disease, comparatively little attention has been focused on investigating the role of biological sex in disease susceptibility in agriculturally important animal populations such as the pig. To date, comparisons between sexes have focused on carcass composition, growth rate, and feed efficiency in pigs. However, there is a large gap in the literature regarding the effects of biological sex on other integral aspects of health and disease. The objective of this review is to highlight the available literature reporting sex differences in pig health and biology with an emphasis on sex differences in mortality, immunity, and gastrointestinal (GI) physiology and to address biological sex as a significant biological variable in disease risk and research study design. A basic overview of the biology of sex differences including the major hormonal and genetic/chromosomal mechanisms of sexual differentiation and the developmental periods in which sex differences emerge will be covered. This review will also discuss how production-relevant management and environmental factors (e.g., wean age, castration, stress, and nutrition) interact with biological sex to shape host immune and GI development and function. Perceived gaps in knowledge and areas of future research will also be discussed.
Greater responses of flower phenology ofKobresia pygmaeacommunity to precipitation addition than to constant and stepwise warming
Authors: Li Bowen , Sun Jianping , Wang Shiping , Lv Wangwang , Zhou Yang , Liu Peipei , Wang Qi , A Wang , Zhang Suren , Xia Lu , Hong Huan , Jiang Lili , Luo Caiyun , Zhang Zhenhua , Piao Shilong , Wang Yanfen , Dorji Tsechoe
Published: June 2022

There is a debate about unmatched results between manipulative warming using constant warming rates every year (CW) and long-term observations warming affect temperature sensitivity of flowering phenology. This may be because long-term observations represent the actual yearly increase in temperature (i.e. a yearly stepwise warming rate per year, SW) which would differ from CW and their effects would be regulated by precipitation alteration. We conducted a warming experiment with CW (temperature increase by +1 °C and sustained this elevated temperature for the duration of the study) and SW (temperature increase by + 0.25 °C progressively each year) with precipitation addition in an alpine grassland for four years. Our results showed that neither warming rate affected community flowering phenology. However, precipitation addition advanced onsets of flowering for early-spring flowering (ESF) and mid-summer flowering (MSF) groups, and advanced the end date of flowering for ESF but delayed it for the MSF group. Therefore, flowering duration remained stable for the ESF group and prolonged for the MSF group, and further prolonging the flowering duration of the community. There were no interactions between warming rates and precipitation addition on the community’s flowering phenology. A severe drought in a year significantly decreased the maximal number of community flowers in the following year. Therefore, a change in precipitation has a greater effect than warming on the community flowering phenology in the semi-arid alpine grassland.
Perineal sepsis and successful surgical treatment in supralevator and ischiorectal fossa abscess: a case report
Authors: Charalampopoulos Anestis , Bagias George , Perdicaris Marcos , Latsonas Panagiotis , Papagrigoriadis Savvas , Papaconstantinou Dimitrios
Published: June 2022

A male 61-year-old patient presented to the emergency department with fever, leukocytosis and perineal pain. Macroscopic examination of anogluteal region demonstrated a bulky inflamed mass in the left ischiorectal fossa with a skin defect draining large amounts of pus. The suprapubic area was observed to be erythematous, with local tenderness and a palpable inflammatory mass under the skin. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an abscess of the ischiorectal fossa and concomitant supralevator abscess. Examination under anesthesia revealed an internal fistula at the posterior dentate line, with pus emanating from the orifice. A bulging mass was found, protruding in the left lateral and inferior area of the rectal ampulla, a finding compatible with the supralevator abscess identified by imaging. Drainage of the abscess into ischiorectal fossa, supralevator space and suprapubic area was successful with a prompt improvement in the clinical and laboratory profile of the patient.
Winter thriving: on the role of a boreal city on bird communities
Authors: MacGregor-Fors Ian
Published: June 2022

Information on how urban areas affect bird communities during winter in the boreal region is still scarce. With the aim of assessing such role of the urban habitats on over-wintering boreal birds, I focused on a city-wide approach in the city of Lahti (southern Finland) and two nearby forests (as controls). Point count surveys were conducted in 157 sites within the city and 30 in the control forests. In order to achieve comparable sets of data to contrast with the reference forests, I randomly selected five 30 point count sub-samples from the Lahti city-wide survey. Species richness was, in general, higher in the sub-samples from the city of Lahti. Such pattern did not show relationship with the built cover of the studied sites. Bird abundances were 3.3–5.9 times higher in the urban sub-samples when contrasted with the forest ones. Although results of this study are limited to a single city and consider one wintering season, they clearly illustrate the important role of urban systems as habitat for wintering birds in boreal systems.
The signature of large-scale turbulence driving on the structure of the interstellar medium
Authors: Colman Tine , Robitaille Jean-François , Hennebelle Patrick , Miville-Deschênes Marc-Antoine , Brucy Noé , Klessen Ralf S , Glover Simon C O , Soler Juan D , Elia Davide , Traficante Alessio , Molinari Sergio , Testi Leonardo
Published: June 2022

The mechanisms that maintain turbulence in the interstellar medium (ISM) are still not identified. This work investigates how we can distinguish between two fundamental driving mechanisms: the accumulated effect of stellar feedback versus the energy injection from galactic scales. We perform a series of numerical simulations describing a stratified star-forming ISM subject to self-consistent stellar feedback. Large-scale external turbulent driving, of various intensities, is added to mimic galactic driving mechanisms. We analyse the resulting column density maps with a technique called Multi-scale non-Gaussian segmentation, which separates the coherent structures and the Gaussian background. This effectively discriminates between the various simulations and is a promising method to understand the ISM structure. In particular, the power spectrum of the coherent structures flattens above 60 pc when turbulence is driven only by stellar feedback. When large-scale driving is applied, the turn-over shifts to larger scales. A systematic comparison with the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is then performed. Only 1 out of 25 regions has a coherent power spectrum that is consistent with the feedback-only simulation. A detailed study of the turn-over scale leads us to conclude that regular stellar feedback is not enough to explain the observed ISM structure on scales larger than 60 pc. Extreme feedback in the form of supergiant shells likely plays an important role but cannot explain all the regions of the LMC. If we assume ISM structure is generated by turbulence, another large-scale driving mechanism is needed to explain the entirety of the observations.
V392 Persei: A γ-ray bright nova eruption from a known dwarf nova
Authors: Murphy-Glaysher F J , Darnley M J , Harvey É J , Newsam A M , Page K L , Starrfield S , Wagner R M , Woodward C E , Terndrup D M , Kafka S , Arranz Heras T , Berardi P , Bertrand E , Biernikowicz R , Boussin C , Boyd D , Buchet Y , Bundas M , Coulter D , Dejean D , Diepvens A , Dvorak S , Edlin J , Eenmae T , Eggenstein H , Fournier R , Garde O , Gout J , Janzen D , Jordanov P , Kiiskinen H , Lane D , Larochelle R , Leadbeater R , Mankel D , Martineau G , Miller I , Modic R , Montier J , Morales Aimar M , Muyllaert E , Naves Nogues R , O’Keeffe D , Oksanen A , Pyatnytskyy M , Rast R , Rodgers B , Rodriguez Perez D , Schorr F , Schwendeman E , Shadick S , Sharpe S , Soldán Alfaro F , Sove T , Stone G , Tordai T , Venne R , Vollmann W , Vrastak M , Wenzel K
Published: June 2022

V392 Persei is a known dwarf nova (DN) that underwent a classical nova eruption in 2018. Here we report ground-based optical, Swift UV and X-ray, and Fermi-LAT γ-ray observations following the eruption for almost three years. V392 Per is one of the fastest evolving novae yet observed, with a t2 decline time of 2 d. Early spectra present evidence for multiple and interacting mass ejections, with the associated shocks driving both the γ-ray and early optical luminosity. V392 Per entered Sun-constraint within days of eruption. Upon exit, the nova had evolved to the nebular phase, and we saw the tail of the supersoft X-ray phase. Subsequent optical emission captured the fading ejecta alongside a persistent narrow line emission spectrum from the accretion disc. Ongoing hard X-ray emission is characteristic of a standing accretion shock in an intermediate polar. Analysis of the optical data reveals an orbital period of 3.230 ± 0.003 d, but we see no evidence for a white dwarf (WD) spin period. The optical and X-ray data suggest a high mass WD, the pre-nova spectral energy distribution (SED) indicates an evolved donor, and the post-nova SED points to a high mass accretion rate. Following eruption, the system has remained in a nova-like high mass transfer state, rather than returning to the pre-nova DN low mass transfer configuration. We suggest that this high state is driven by irradiation of the donor by the nova eruption. In many ways, V392 Per shows similarity to the well-studied nova and DN GK Persei.