bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The hair follicle‐psoriasis axis: Shared regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Suzuki Takahiro , Ito Taisuke , Gilhar Amos , Tokura Yoshiki , Reich Kristian , Paus Ralf
Published: September 2021

It has long been known that there is a special affinity of psoriasis for the scalp: Here, it occurs most frequently, lesions terminate sharply in frontal skin beyond the hair line and are difficult to treat. Yet, surprisingly, scalp psoriasis only rarely causes alopecia, even though the pilosebaceous unit clearly is affected. Here, we systematically explore the peculiar, insufficiently investigated connection between psoriasis and growing (anagen) terminal scalp hair follicles (HFs), with emphasis on shared regulatory mechanism and therapeutic targets. Interestingly, several drugs and stressors that can trigger/aggravate psoriasis can inhibit hair growth (e.g. beta‐blockers, chloroquine, carbamazepine, interferon‐alpha, perceived stress). Instead, several anti‐psoriatic agents can stimulate hair growth (e.g. cyclosporine, glucocorticoids, dithranol, UV irradiation), while skin/HF trauma (Köbner phenomenon/depilation) favours the development of psoriatic lesions and induces anagen in “quiescent” (telogen) HFs. On this basis, we propose two interconnected working models: (a) the existence of a bidirectional “hair follicle‐psoriasis axis,” along which keratinocytes of anagen scalp HFs secrete signals that favour the development and maintenance of psoriatic scalp lesions and respond to signals from these lesions, and (b) that anagen induction and psoriatic lesions share molecular “switch‐on” mechanisms, which invite pharmacological targeting, once identified. Therefore, we advocate a novel, cross‐fertilizing and integrative approach to psoriasis and hair research that systematically characterizes the “HF‐psoriasis axis,” focused on identification and therapeutic targeting of selected, shared signalling pathways in the future management of both, psoriasis and hair growth disorders.
Aged and young mice differentially respond to tape‐stripping in epidermal gene expression
Authors: Wen Si , Ye Li , Wang Xiaohua , Liu Dan , Yang Bin , Man Mao‐Qiang
Published: September 2021

Disruption of epidermal permeability barrier induces an increase in proinflammatory cytokine expression and release, stimulation of epidermal lipid and DNA synthesis, and expression of antimicrobial peptides. Although alterations in epidermal function in the aged skin are known, whether the epidermal transcriptomic responses to barrier disruption differ between aged and young mice remains unknown. Here, we performed RNA sequencing of the epidermis in 2‐month‐ vs. 20‐month‐old mice following barrier disruption with repeated tape‐stripping. At baseline condition, the epidermis of 20‐month‐old mice displayed an upregulation of inflammation‐associated genes and down‐regulation of epidermal structure‐ and development‐related genes in comparison to 2‐month‐old mice. Barrier disruption upregulated expression levels of 327 genes and downregulated 209 genes in 2‐month‐old mice. In 20‐month‐old mice, the numbers of upregulated and down‐regulated genes were 537 and 299, respectively. In comparison to young mice, the prominently upregulated genes in the 20‐month‐old mice were associated with the IL‐17 signalling pathway, while downregulated genes were mainly involved in the cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction pathway. These results indicate that inflammation‐associated signalling pathways are upregulated, while epidermal structure‐ and development‐related genes are downregulated in the epidermis of aged mice, with further aggravation following barrier disruption, suggesting the importance of improving epidermal function in the elderly.
Thermal stability and transient of esterified 3‐MCPD and glycidol during atmospheric frying and subsequent low‐pressure drainage of products with different surface‐to‐volume ratio
Authors: Ahmad Tarmizi Azmil Haizam , Abd Razak Raznim Arni , Abdul Hammid Abdul Niefaizal , Kuntom Ainie
Published: September 2021

This research investigated the influence of post‐frying vacuum application on thermal resistance, and fate of 3‐monochloropropane‐1,2‐diol esters (3‐MCPDE) and glycidol esters (GE) in palm olein when products of different surface‐to‐volume ratio (SVR) underwent intermittent frying. Pre‐fried shoestring (higher SVR) and straight‐cut French fries (lower SVR) were first conventionally fried prior to vacuum drainage (VD), namely Protocol VD. Meanwhile, control experiments involved atmospheric frying and atmospheric drainage (AD) (Protocol AD). Protocol VD was more prominent in minimising free fatty acids (FFA) for product with higher SVR (63%) compared to lower SVR (41%). Oil acidity was coincided with diacylglycerols (DAG) depreciation and marginal higher smoke point (SP). Protocol VD seemed not effective in minimising oil oxidation and polymerisation as reflected by p‐anisidine value (AnV) and polar compound fractions, and hence, delayed 3‐MCPDE and GE fragmentation.
Effect of catechins on the quality properties of wheat flour and bread
Authors: Pan Junxian , Lv Yangjun , Jiang Yulan , Zhang Haihua , Zhu Yuejin , Zhang Shikang , Han Jianzhong
Published: September 2021

Catechin monomers and their combinations were incorporated into dough and bread to investigate their effects on the properties of dough and quality of bread. Rheological analysis showed that catechins generally increased dough stability time, dough tenacity (P), elastic modulus and viscous modulus and decreased dough development time, dough extensibility (L), swelling index (G) and deformation energy. Gallated catechin‐supplemented samples presented lower dough development time, L and G values, higher P and P/L values than non‐gallated ones. The addition of catechins altered specific volume and colour of bread but had no effects on moisture content. Bread with EGCG monomer or its combinations had lower specific volume. Bread hardness increased and springiness decreased with catechin addition. Incorporating catechins enhanced the tea polyphenol and catechin content in bread, especially in the bread crumb. Catechins increased the antioxidant activity of bread. Therefore, catechins changed the rheological properties of dough and the quality of bread.
Histone deacetylase HDAC2 silencing prevents endometriosis by activating the HNF4A/ARID1A axis
Authors: Mai Hong , Liao Yan , Luo Sufang , Wei Kaiyi , Yang Feng , Shi Haijuan
Published: September 2021

Endometriosis is the most major cause of chronic pelvic pain in women of reproductive age. Moreover, the involvement of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) has been identified in endometriosis. However, the specific mechanism of HDAC2 remains to be further elusive. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the mechanism of HDAC2 orchestrating hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α/AT‐rich interactive domain 1A (HNF4A/ARID1A) axis in endometriosis. Endometriosis cell line hEM15A and clinical endometriosis tissues were obtained, followed by gain‐ and loss‐of‐function assays in hEM15A cells. HDAC2, HNF4A and ARID1A expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit‐8 Assay, invasion by Transwell assay and apoptosis by flow cytometry. HDAC2 enrichment in HNF4A promoter region and HNF4A enrichment in ARID1A promoter region was detected through chromatin immunoprecipitation. Mouse models of endometriosis were established, followed by immunohistochemistry of Ki‐67 expression and TUNEL staining of apoptosis in ectopic tissues. HDAC2 was upregulated but HNF4A and ARID1A were downregulated in endometriosis tissues. HDAC2 inhibited HNF4A expression by deacetylation, and HNF4A was enriched in ARID1A promoter region to activate ARID1A. Silencing HDAC2 or overexpressing HNF4A or ARID1A diminished the viability and invasion and augmented the apoptosis of hEM15A cells. HDAC2 silencing reduced the area and weight of endometriosis tissues, suppressed endometriosis cell proliferation and accelerated endometriosis cell apoptosis. The inhibitory action of silencing HDAC2 via HNF4A/ARID1A axis was reproduced in mouse models. Collectively, HDAC2 silencing might upregulate HNF4A via repression of deacetylation to activate ARID1A, thus preventing the occurrence of endometriosis.
Editorial: Factualities – establishing empirical truths in child psychology and psychiatry
Authors: Oldehinkel Albertine J.
Published: September 2021

Empirical science is a fact‐finding enterprise. This raises the question when we know enough about a particular topic to draw firm conclusions and can stop searching for additional evidence in order to save efforts for issues that are less well‐established. Clarity on when scientific evidence has passed the stage of to‐be‐tested hypotheses is important, and setting up criteria for such stopping rules is a necessary as well as thought‐provoking challenge. Not only over‐investigating phenomena is undesirable but the opposite, falsely assuming beliefs to be facts, as well. Two common reasons for such misperceptions are that negative news is more likely to spread around than positive news (negativity instinct), and that individuals tend to look at problems from always the same perspective (single‐perspective instinct). Our field is not immune to those instincts: child psychologists and psychiatrists tend to focus on messages suggesting that the burden of children´s mental health problems calls for more intervention and research, rather than on reports that the majority of children are doing quite well. This focus on problems may obscure the reality that the vast majority of children and adolescents never experience severe mental health problems, despite the challenges of growing up in a complex world.
Separation of tomato aroma compounds from binary model solutions using PEBA and EPDM membranes in pervaporation: Comparison of membranes performance and investigation of temperature effect
Authors: Ghahramanifar Amin , Taghizadeh Masoud , Mousavi Seyed Mahmoud
Published: September 2021

The pervaporation separation of four important aroma compounds of tomato juice (1‐hexanol, hexanal, 2‐heptenal, and 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one) was investigated. Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polyether block amide (PEBA) membranes were fabricated and applied to treat binary model solutions containing one of the aroma compounds in water. Results showed that at 25°C, PEBA membrane had higher total flux, organic flux, and pervaporation separation index (PSI) than EPDM membrane, while EPDM performed better in terms of separation factor. For PEBA, the highest total flux (395.93 g/m2hr) was observed in separating 1‐hexanol, and for EPDM, the highest total flux (116.82 g/m2hr) was seen in treating 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one/water at 25°C. Furthermore, the impact of feed temperature on pervaporation performance was investigated. A rise from 25 to 45°C increased the total and organic fluxes for both of the membranes. The separation factors of PEBA and EPDM changed differently with temperature; higher temperatures led to improved separation factor for PEBA and reduced separation factor for EPDM. Moreover, increased feed temperature improved PSI for both membranes, while the change was more significant for PEBA.

Practical applications

In this study, for the first time, tomato aroma compounds have been separated from their aqueous solutions in a pervaporation process. The findings obtained by the present research can be employed by any plant which processes tomato enabling them the use of aroma compounds in order to reach value added products and therefore increase worth of processing outputs.
Characteristics and outcome of suspected cerebrovascular disease in dogs: 66 cases (2009‐2016)
Authors: Ozawa T. , Miura N. , Hasegawa H. , Uemura T. , Nakamoto Y. , Tsujio M. , Takeuchi T. , Shiraishi M.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To characterise the clinical signs of suspected cerebrovascular disease in dogs.

Materials and Methods

Medical records of one hospital were searched from November 2009 to December 2016 for dogs that suffered of cerebrovascular disease. We diagnosed cerebrovascular disease based on acute onset, clinical signs and magnetic resonance imaging findings. The medical history, clinical signs, concurrent disease, area of infarction, cerebrospinal fluid results, month at onset and outcome were investigated in the cerebrovascular disease group and in a control group (dogs with brain disorders other than cerebrovascular disease).

Results

A total of 122 CVD cases were extracted from the 5312 patients that visited during the study period. Of these 122 cases, 66 (1.2%) matched the subject selection criteria of our study and were included in the analysis. Forebrain infarction was observed in 51 of 66 cases, of which 24 (47.1%) suffered from seizures. The number of dogs diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease was disproportionately high in August (nine of 59 cases) and December (13 of 59 cases). In the outcome survey, deterioration was observed in 11 of 55 cases.

Clinical Significance

Seizure is an important clinical sign of cerebrovascular disease in dogs. There was a significant seasonal variation in the number of dogs diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease in Japan. Clinical features observed in this report differ from those of previous reports and highlight the need for additional research in this area.
Efficacy of an eConsult service to cure hepatitis C in primary care
Authors: Nishiguchi Jacey , McNamara Anusha , Surlyn Colleen S. , Eagen Kellene Vokaty , Feeney Laura , Lian Vivian , Smith David E.
Published: September 2021

In 2016, an eConsult service was developed within a safety net health system to expand access to hepatitis C (HCV) treatment in the primary care setting. The eConsult system provides individualized treatment recommendations from specially trained primary care pharmacists and primary care physicians to primary care providers with less experience in the rapidly changing treatment of HCV. Since its launch, this service has had a large impact in expanding care to a largely homeless and low‐income urban population within our health system. We now aim to evaluate its efficacy in curing HCV. In this retrospective cohort study, we describe rates of sustained virologic response 12 weeks after treatment completion (SVR12) for those who received primary care‐based HCV treatment through the eConsult system with those who were treated in primary care independent of an eConsult from 2017 to 2019. We found there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who achieved SVR12 between the two groups. Overall, >90% of patients who received treatment achieved SVR12. Approximately 40% of patients treated for HCV received an eConsult, suggesting utility of the eConsult in expanding access and coordinating treatment for patients within our network.
Persistence and expansion of cryptic endangered red wolf genomic ancestry along the American Gulf coast
Authors: vonHoldt Bridgett M. , Brzeski Kristin E. , Aardema Matthew L. , Schell Christopher J. , Rutledge Linda Y. , Fain Steven R. , Shutt Amy C. , Linderholm Anna , Murphy William J.
Published: September 2021

Admixture and introgression play a critical role in adaptation and genetic rescue that has only recently gained a deeper appreciation. Here, we explored the geographical and genomic landscape of cryptic ancestry of the endangered red wolf that persists within the genome of a ubiquitous sister taxon, the coyote, all while the red wolf has been extinct in the wild since the early 1980s. We assessed admixture across 120,621 single nucleotiode polymorphism (SNP) loci genotyped in 293 canid genomes. We found support for increased red wolf ancestry along a west‐to‐east gradient across the southern United States associated with historical admixture in the past 100 years. Southwestern Louisiana and southeastern Texas, the geographical zone where the last red wolves were known prior to extinction in the wild, contained the highest and oldest levels of red wolf ancestry. Further, given the paucity of inferences based on chromosome types, we compared patterns of ancestry on the X chromosome and autosomes. We additionally aimed to explore the relationship between admixture timing and recombination rate variation to investigate gene flow events. We found that X‐linked regions of low recombination rates were depleted of introgression, relative to the autosomes, consistent with the large X effect and enrichment with loci involved in maintaining reproductive isolation. Recombination rate was positively correlated with red wolf ancestry across coyote genomes, consistent with theoretical predictions. The geographical and genomic extent of cryptic red wolf ancestry can provide novel genomic resources for recovery plans targeting the conservation of the endangered red wolf.
Incidence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in hospitalised patients administered Saccharomyces boulardii probiotic
Authors: Wombwell Eric , Bransteitter Bridget , Gillen Lisa R.
Published: September 2021

Background

Bloodstream infection is an untoward effect of probiotic administration described by case reports and a cited reason to avoid using in the critically ill. The incidence rate of bloodstream infection in a population administered probiotics remains unknown.

Methods

A retrospective observational analysis of incident Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia in a population of hospitalised patients administered Saccharomyces boulardii for primary prevention of hospital‐onset Clostridioides difficile infection. Adult patients admitted to an inpatient medical unit for 48‐h or more between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019 are included. Facility medication administration records and microbiology records were evaluated for S boulardii probiotic administration and incidence of S cerevisiae positive blood cultures. Microbiologic identification methods were unable to distinguish S cerevisiae from S boulardii.

Results

Administration of S boulardii probiotic occurred in 16,404 of 46,729 patients analysed. S cerevisiae fungemia was identified in 18 probiotic recipients (0.11%). The observed incidence of fungemia attributable to S boulardii administration is 1.70 cases per 10,000 patient‐days. Central‐line days numbered 52,949 yielding an incidence of 0.26 cases of S cerevisiae per 1,000 central‐line days. Intensive care unit admission was significantly associated with an increase in the risk of S cerevisiae (OR 6.55, CI 2.28–18.87), incidence rate of 0.47 cases per 1,000 patient‐days.

Conclusion

The risk of bloodstream infection as a result of S boulardii probiotic use appears restricted to S boulardii recipients. The risk for probiotic‐related bloodstream infection does not appear greater than the risk of any hospital‐acquired bloodstream infection both inside and outside of the intensive care unit.
Prevalence and beverage‐related risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease: An original study in Chinese college freshmen, a systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Youli , Chen Can , Ouyang Zhen , Duan Chaofan , Liu Jinsong , Hou Xiaohua , Bai Tao
Published: September 2021

Background

Beverage‐drinking behavior could be a potential risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in young populations. However, GERD prevalence in this population has not been investigated, and beverage consumption's association with GERD remains inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and beverage‐related risk factors of GERD among Chinese college freshmen and in youth around the world.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Chinese college freshmen in September 2019 using random cluster sampling method. Participants completed questionnaires on demographic information, food intake frequency, and GER symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between beverages and GERD. Studies were retrieved from multiple databases for systemic review. The prevalence of GERD in young populations and beverage‐related risk factors were pooled using random‐effect models.

Key Results

Based on the 3345 individuals who completed the questionnaires, GERD prevalence in Chinese college freshmen is 5.1%. Multivariate analysis showed students who drink green tea daily, and those who drink coffee regularly were more likely to develop GERD compared with those who never drink tea or coffee. The pooled prevalence of GERD in young populations is 18.0%, and frequent alcohol consumption is positively associated with GERD in general population.

Conclusions and Inferences

The prevalence of GERD in Chinese college freshmen is significantly lower than that in worldwide youth populations. Alcohol, green tea, and coffee consumption could be potential risk factors for GERD. Future large‐scale epidemiological studies are warranted for reliable identification of beverage‐related risk factors for GERD in young populations.
What is a “high” prevalence of obesity? Two rapid reviews and a proposed set of thresholds for classifying prevalence levels
Authors: Lobstein Tim , Jewell Jo
Published: September 2021

Categories such as “low” and “high” have been used for several decades to describe the prevalence of stunting and wasting in populations of children aged under 5 years. They provide support for public health risk assessment and policy‐making, including alerting health departments and aid agencies to national trends and local needs. In the light of the need for monitoring progress to meet globally agreed targets for overweight and obesity, the classification of their prevalence will be a valuable to aid in policy development, to target resources, and to promote public health interventions. This paper reviews the current use of categories to describe obesity prevalence in policy, advocacy, and research literature. Where prevalence categories have been formally proposed, this paper compares their application on large‐scale datasets. The paper then develops a set of recommended threshold values to classify prevalence levels for overweight and obesity among children under age 5 years, children aged 5–19 years, and adults.
Correlation between geriatric nutritional risk index and oral condition in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Abe Atsushi , Ito Yu , Hayashi Hiroki , Ishihama Takanori , Momokita Moeko , Taniguchi Shinichi
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Nutritional status is a useful prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients. Since oral hypofunction may cause undernutrition, we cross‐sectionally investigated whether the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is affected by the number of remaining teeth, occlusal support status and denture use.

Materials and Methods

The participants were 114 patients diagnosed with gastric cancer between April 2017 and March 2020. The stage of gastric cancer, body mass index, albumin level, total lymphocyte count, C‐reactive protein level and GNRI were evaluated. The number of remaining teeth was also evaluated, and the occlusion state was determined based on the Eichner classification. The patients were divided into three main groups representing different occlusal states based on the Eichner index and were also categorised based on denture use.

Results

The mean age ± standard deviation of the patients was 75.2 ± 5.5 years. The Eichner classification had a significant positive correlation with GNRI. Low GNRI was associated with a poor occlusal state in group C, while a higher GNRI was associated with a stable occlusal state in group A. However, the denture‐related groups showed no significant differences in GNRI.

Conclusion

The GNRI was associated with the occlusal support level but not with denture use.
Healthcare for children depend on medical technology and parental quality of life in Japan
Authors: Matsuzawa Akemi , Arai Junichi , Shiroki Yuko , Hirasawa Akemi
Published: September 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to explore and clarify the healthcare service utilization of children dependent on medical technology (CMT), and the parental health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).

Methods

Participants recruited the primary caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC), identified using an existing registry of raising CMC aged 1−20 years and receiving reimbursements for their home‐based medical care at a children's hospital. We used an exploratory cross‐sectional study design and sent questionnaires to 286 parents. To clarify the characteristics of CMT and families, we compared two groups on demographics of children’s and families’, service utilization and parental HRQOL. The participants were categorized into the CMT and children with chronic conditions (CCC) groups, based on whether they required ventilator, suctioning, or tube feeding; had tracheostomy, or gastrostomy; or had central line or clean intermittent catheterization.

Results

Of the 95 children selected, 31 were CMT. The participants' characteristics, service utilization, and the parents' HRQOL were compared between the two groups. Compared to CCC, CMT were more likely to be younger, more unstable, more demanding of their caregiver's time, caused greater reductions in their caregiver's sleep time, caused heavier caregiver burden, had higher rates of unexpected hospital admissions and emergency visits, required greater care coordination, and exhibited a higher health service utilization. Parents of CMT were found to have poor mental and physical health in HRQOL.

Conclusions

Improving the outcomes of parents caring for CMT requires high quality healthcare services, especially respite care for the parents, and care coordination.
Predictors and clinical significance of pericardial effusions after pediatric heart transplantation
Authors: McAree Daniel , Yu Sunkyung , Schumacher Kurt R. , Lowery Ray , McCormick Amanda D. , Thorsson Thor , Peng David M.
Published: September 2021

Background

We aimed to describe the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of pericardial effusions within 6 months after pediatric heart transplantation (HT).

Methods

A single‐center retrospective cohort study was performed on all pediatric HT recipients from 2004 to 2018. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with pericardial effusions post‐HT, and survival was compared using log‐rank test.

Results

During the study period, 97 HTs were performed in 93 patients. Fifty patients (52%) had a ≥small pericardial effusion within 6 months, 16 of which were, or became, ≥moderate in size. Pericardial drain was placed in 8 patients. In univariate analysis, larger recipient body surface area (p = .01) and non‐congenital heart disease (p = .002) were associated with pericardial effusion development. Donor/recipient size ratios, post‐HT hemodynamics, and rejection did not correlate with pericardial effusion development. In multivariable analysis, non‐congenital heart disease (adjusted odds ratio 3.3, p = .01) remained independently associated with development of pericardial effusion. There were no significant differences in post‐HT survival between patients with and without ≥small (p = .68) or ≥moderate pericardial effusions (p = .40).

Conclusions

Pericardial effusions are common after pediatric HT. Patients with cardiomyopathy, or non‐congenital heart disease, were at higher risk for post‐HT pericardial effusions. Pericardial effusions increased morbidity but had no effect on mortality in our cohort. The risk factors identified may be used for anticipatory guidance in pediatric HT.
Satisfied or dissatisfied: The determinants of Global Korea Scholarship recipients’ satisfaction with life in Korea
Authors: Jon Jae‐Eun , Ayhan Kadir Jun
Published: September 2021

Sponsored international student mobility programs are important public diplomacy tools for governments. These programs’ positive outcomes are usually taken for granted and are rarely assessed. International students’ satisfaction with life in the host country is an important variable for their behavioral outcomes related to the host country. This study used data from two surveys of Global Korea Scholarship (GKS) recipients from 136 countries to examine the determinants of their satisfaction with life in Korea. We found that students' cognitive and affective evaluations of Korea, frequency of Korean‐language social interactions, and perceptions of their treatment by Koreans because of their nationality or religion were significant determinants of GKS students’ satisfaction with life in Korea. In terms of demographic characteristics, men, students from developing countries, and those majoring in natural sciences or engineering fields were more satisfied than their peers. We discuss the implications of these findings for public diplomacy.

Related Articles in this Special Issue

Ayhan, Kadir Jun, and Nancy Snow. 2021. “Introduction to the Special Issue—Global Korea Scholarship: Empirical Evaluation of a non‐Western Scholarship Program from a Public Diplomacy Perspective.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1282–1291. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12440.

Hong, Moon Suk, Minjeong Jeon, and Kadir Jun Ayhan. 2021. “International Scholarship for Social Change? Re‐contextualizing Global Scholarship Alumni's Perceptions of Justice and Diversity in South Korea.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1359–1390. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12435.

Istad, Felicia, Eriks Varpahovskis, Ekra Miezan, and Kadir Jun Ayhan. 2021. “Global Korea Scholarship Students: Intention to Stay in the Host Country to Work or Study after Graduation.” Politics & Policy 49(6): 1323–1342. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12436.
How the helping process unfolds for clients in suicidal crises: Linking helping‐style trajectories with outcomes in online crisis chats
Authors: Cox Daniel W. , Wojcik Katharine D. , Kotlarczyk Agnieszka M. , Park Minjeong , Mickelson Johanna M. , Klonsky E. David
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Crisis counselors’ active listening and collaborative problem‐solving helping styles have been associated with outcomes for clients in suicidal crises. These associations have been based on static conceptualizations of helping (i.e., helping style for the entire session). Our aim was to further understand how the crisis counseling helping process unfolds (i.e., helping trajectory) and helping trajectories’ association with clients’ outcomes.

Methods

Online crisis chats (N = 269) with suicidal adults were coded for crisis counselors’ helping styles (i.e., active listening and collaborative problem‐solving) and clients’ outcomes (i.e., resolved or unresolved). Each talk‐turn was coded for helping style, which were used to examine helping‐style trajectories.

Results

Growth‐curve models indicated that helping styles varied over the course of chats and that helping trajectories were different for resolved and unresolved chats. In resolved chats, helping styles moved from primarily active listening to primarily problem‐solving—with a deceleration in the middle of chats. In unresolved chats, helping initially moved from primarily active listening to primarily problem‐solving, but this trajectory decelerated in the middle of chats and then turned back toward primarily active listening.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrate that how the helping process unfolds is related to clients’ outcomes. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Developing a theology capstone unit through the teaching and learning nexus
Authors: Macallan Brian Claude
Published: September 2021

The challenge of integrating best practice for teaching and learning is perennial. Within an Australian context, despite increases in student satisfaction over the decades, challenges remain concerning student classroom engagement, peer collaboration and the value and use of technology. Within my own religious and theological university environment, I have sought to address some of these challenges in the development of a Doing Theology Capstone Unit. This paper outlines the key subject information of the unit, followed by five key areas that informed the development. It is argued that by taking seriously the teaching and learning nexus, requires paying attention to these five key areas. The discussion section of this paper, therefore, explores demographics and diversity, active learning, constructive alignment, assessment and technology. These five areas are explored in relation to the developed curriculum for the Doing Theology unit. It is argued that by paying attention to these areas we can enable greater student engagement and peer‐to‐peer participation.
Phase separation of chromatin and small RNA pathways in plants
Authors: Lei Zhen , Wang Ling , Kim Eun Yu , Cho Jungnam
Published: September 2021

Gene expression can be modulated by epigenetic mechanisms, including chromatin modifications and small regulatory RNAs. These pathways are unevenly distributed within a cell and usually take place in specific intracellular regions. Unfortunately, the fundamental driving force and biological relevance of such spatial differentiation is largely unknown. Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a natural propensity of demixing liquid phases and has been recently suggested to mediate the formation of biomolecular condensates that are relevant to diverse cellular processes. LLPS provides a mechanistic explanation for the self‐assembly of subcellular structures by which the efficiency and specificity of certain cellular reactions are achieved. In plants, LLPS has been observed for several key factors in the chromatin and small RNA pathways. For example, the formation of facultative and obligate heterochromatin involves the LLPS of multiple relevant factors. In addition, phase separation is observed in a set of proteins acting in microRNA biogenesis and the small interfering RNA pathway. In this Focused Review, we highlight and discuss the recent findings regarding phase separation in the epigenetic mechanisms of plants.
Benjamin por Sarlo
Authors: Kohan Martín
Published: September 2021

Este artículo se propone analizar la operación crítica de Beatriz Sarlo en tanto lectora de Walter Benjamin. Por un lado, su lectura de Benjamin, es decir, el campo de intereses y afinidades que comparten y se dejan entrever en su escritura —la ciudad, la modernidad, la experiencia, la tecnología, las vanguardias—. Por el otro, su lectura con Benjamin, es decir, el modo en que Sarlo lo hace funcionar en el interior de su propio ejercicio crítico, trayéndolo al presente para abrir y potenciar nuevos análisis.
Desmovilización sin reinserción: lecciones desde Nicaragua
Authors: Cuadra Lira Elvira
Published: September 2021

En este artículo se presenta una descripción del proceso de desmovilización y desarme en Nicaragua durante la década de 1990, en el pasado siglo XX; los acuerdos internacionales y nacionales que facilitaron la desmovilización de los excombatientes, su cumplimiento y las políticas públicas que ejecutó el gobierno para su reintegración. También se analizan los sucesivos ciclos de rearme que se produjeron por el incumplimiento de los acuerdos, procurando identificar las lecciones aprendidas y los retos pendientes de un proceso inconcluso de construcción de paz que tres décadas después, en el contexto de una crisis sociopolítica, emerge nuevamente en la agenda pública.
Recomponer el Camino de Vuelta a Casa. Estudio de un proceso comunitario de reintegración de excombatientes indígenas en Colombia
Authors: Valenzuela Gruesso Pedro Enrique , Welter Llanos Zabrina
Published: September 2021

Este artículo analiza un programa autónomo de reintegración de excombatientes indígenas en el contexto del conflicto armado en Colombia, adelantado por el pueblo Nasa en el norte del departamento del Cauca. Cubre un periodo de tiempo anterior a la desmovilización colectiva de indígenas pertenecientes a las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC). Por tanto, analiza el proceso de desmovilización individual de excombatientes, especialmente menores, que solían pertenecer a esa organización. Describe el contexto en el que se desarrolla el proyecto y el contenido del programa, e identifica factores que contribuyen a la reintegración exitosa de los excombatientes.
A Class of Different Fractional-Order Chaotic (Hyperchaotic) Complex Duffing-Van Der Pol Models and Their Circuits Implementations
Authors: Mahmoud Gamal M. , Abed-Elhameed Tarek M. , Elbadry Motaz M.
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we introduce three versions of fractional-order chaotic (or hyperchaotic) complex Duffing-van der Pol models. The dynamics of these models including their fixed points and their stability are investigated. Using the predictor-corrector method and Lyapunov exponents we calculate numerically the intervals of their parameters at which chaotic, hyperchaotic solutions and solutions that approach fixed points to exist. These models appear in several applications in physics and engineering, e.g., viscoelastic beam and electronic circuits. The electronic circuits of these models with different fractional-order are proposed. We determine the approximate transfer functions for novel values of fractional-order and find the equivalent tree shape model (TSM). This TSM is used to build circuits simulations of our models. A good agreement is found between both numerical and simulations results. Other circuits diagrams can be similarly designed for other fractional-order models.
Symplectic Integration for Multivariate Dynamic Spline-Based Model of Deformable Linear Objects
Authors: Khalifa Alaa , Palli Gianluca
Published: September 2021

Deformable linear objects (DLOs) such as ropes, cables, and surgical sutures have a wide variety of uses in automotive engineering, surgery, and electromechanical industries. Therefore, modeling of DLOs as well as a computationally efficient way to predict the DLO behavior is of great importance, in particular to enable robotic manipulation of DLOs. The main motivation of this work is to enable efficient prediction of the DLO behavior during robotic manipulation. In this paper, the DLO is modeled by a multivariate dynamic spline, while a symplectic integration method is used to solve the model iteratively by interpolating the DLO shape during the manipulation process. Comparisons between the symplectic, Runge–Kutta, and Zhai integrators are reported. The presented results show the capabilities of the symplectic integrator to overcome other integration methods in predicting the DLO behavior. Moreover, the results obtained with different sets of model parameters integrated by means of the symplectic method are reported to show how they influence the DLO behavior estimation.
Dispersion Analysis and Material Property Identification of a Circular Piezoelectric Ridge Waveguide
Authors: Yu Tai-Ho
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the dispersive properties of ridge waves that travel circumferentially around piezoelectric circular ridge waveguides and investigates their resonant modes. Based on the variable separation method and Hamilton's principle, the displacement of ridge waveguides is represented as the product of a cross-sectional coordinate-dependent function and the propagator along the circumference of a circular ridge waveguide. The dispersion curves of the flexural waves and resonant frequencies corresponding to ridge waveguides are solved numerically by applying the bidimensional finite element method (Bi-d FEM) and using the three-dimensional (3D) ansys package. The estimated impedance curves are compared with the predicted dispersion curves of waves from ridge waveguides to validate the proposed numerical approach. The elastic constants of the circular piezoelectric ridge waveguide are determined through an inverse scheme that is based on the modified simplex method. The numerical and experimental results show that by using the modified simplex method to inverse calculate the elastic constants and geometric parameters of the piezoelectric circular ridge waveguides, a good degree of accuracy and sensitivity can be achieved.
Determination of Mode I interlaminar Fracture Toughness of C/SiC Composite Using Taped Double Cantilever Beam and J Integral
Authors: Xu Wu , Ding Jiancan , Ge Jingran , Zhang Qi
Published: September 2021

Due to the low in-plane strength of C/SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC), arm failure may occur in the classical double cantilever beam (DCB) test for determination of the mode I interlaminar fracture toughness. A taped DCB (TDCB) is designed to avoid this undesired failure mode. Exact and explicit J integral for the TDCB is derived and applied to measure the interlaminar fracture toughness of CMC. The present TDCB and J integral are demonstrated to be simple and reliable for determination of the interlaminar fracture toughness, without visual measurement of the delamination length and complex data reduction.
A High-Speed Disk Rotor Rig Design for Tip Aerothermal Research
Authors: Lu S. , Zhang Q. , He L.
Published: September 2021

The relative casing motion can greatly vary the over-tip-leakage (OTL) flow structure and aerothermal performance. The existing tip experimental research facilities including stationary linear cascade, cascade rigs with low-speed moving belt, or high-speed rotor rigs are either not capable of reproducing the high relative casing Mach number or extremely expensive and still difficult for optical measurement. This paper presents a high-speed disk rotor design that can simulate the high casing relative speed. The unique feature of this rig design concept is that it enables full optical access of the tip surface under the engine-representative OTL flow condition. In this paper, the feasibility of the design concept is demonstrated and assessed by Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computational fluid dynamics (RANS CFD) simulation, both in component level and in whole rig system level. First-of-its-kind experimental results of spatially resolved tip heat transfer coefficient distribution at high relative casing Mach number are reported. The disk rotor rig design demonstrated in this paper can also be useful for other tip leakage flow studies.
Definite Advantages of Utilizing Integrated Multiple Indirect Inspection (IDi) Technologies to Survey a Newly Laid 3LPE Coated Cross Country Pipeline: A Case Study
Authors: Prasad Mahesh , Chanakath Sajeev , Kumar Abhishek
Published: September 2021

Every scientific or engineering assessment made in today’s life is with respect to a specific approach — prescriptive or performance-based. In India for a newly laid pipeline (approx. 443 Km) — there are various prescriptive regulations ascertained by OISD and PNGRB for the pipelines’ safe routine operations. In a prescriptive system, it becomes mandatory for a pipeline owner to have the most accurate coatings and Cathodic Protection (CP) data irrespective of the external soil environmental conditions. This will also require the other external aggravators such as AC interference, Railway Crossings, Temporal phenomena etc. to be taken into consideration while the survey data is being collected. Only then sufficient data is available for the Owner to make correct integrity-based decisions and step forward towards a performance-based integrity management program.

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL)-Rewari Kanpur Pipeline (RKPL) started the external line inspection (XLI) program as a prescriptive procedure for ascertaining the health of the in-place CP system and assess the integrity of the coating.This pipeline with length of approx. 443 Kms stretching across three (3) states of Haryana, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh traverses through a truly varying surrounding soil and ambient environmental conditions. As per NACE Standard Practice SP0502, it is known that different aboveground survey tools are to be utilized by the pipeline owner for varying soil conditions. To overcome the complexity of dealing with varying environments, weather conditions (resulting in varying soil resistivity) for specific pipeline lengths to be surveyed by the various different technologies that may be applicable, HPCL-RKPL opted to deploy an integrated indirect inspection system which allows to perform the following aboveground surveys simultaneously, at the same time: DCVG, ACVG, ACCA (CAT), CIPS – AC & DC with all recorded raw logs for authenticity.

Using these raw logs, HPCL-RKPL were able to ascertain few intricate concerns with the in-place CP system which would have otherwise been veiled. This was possible due to the extremely high frequency of data capture on several times per second basis. The integrated CP and Coating Integrity data also aligned and correlated very well with the historically conducted in-line inspection information. This paper shall discuss the unique findings obtained during the survey.
Auditory feedback experience in the development of phonetic production: Evidence from preschoolers with cochlear implants and their normal-hearing peers
Authors: Cychosz Margaret , Munson Benjamin , Newman Rochelle S. , Edwards Jan R.
Published: September 2021

Previous work has found that preschoolers with greater phonological awareness and larger lexicons, who speak more throughout the day, exhibit less intra-syllabic coarticulation in controlled speech production tasks. These findings suggest that both linguistic experience and speech-motor control are important predictors of spoken phonetic development. Still, it remains unclear how preschoolers' speech practice when they talk drives the development of coarticulation because children who talk more are likely to have both increased fine motor control and increased auditory feedback experience. Here, the potential effect of auditory feedback is studied by examining a population—children with cochlear implants (CIs)—which is naturally differing in auditory experience. The results show that (1) developmentally appropriate coarticulation improves with an increased hearing age but not chronological age; (2) children with CIs pattern coarticulatorily closer to their younger, hearing age-matched peers than chronological age-matched peers; and (3) the effects of speech practice on coarticulation, measured using naturalistic, at-home recordings of the children's speech production, only appear in the children with CIs after several years of hearing experience. Together, these results indicate a strong role of auditory feedback experience on coarticulation and suggest that parent-child communicative exchanges could stimulate children's own vocal output, which drives speech development.
Effect of Fatigue on Hip and Knee Joint Biomechanics in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Deficient Patients
Authors: Dashti Rostami Komeil , Thomas Abbey
Published: September 2021

The influence of fatigue on landing biomechanics in anterior cruciate ligament deficient (ACLD) patients is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fatigue on hip and knee joint biomechanics in deficient patients. Twelve ACLD males and 12 healthy control subjects participated in the study. The ACLD patients landed with increased peak knee flexion angle (F = 15.71, p < .01) and decreased peak knee flexion moment (F = 9.13, p < .01) after fatigue. Furthermore, ACLD patients experienced lower vertical ground reaction forces compared with controls regardless of fatigue state (F = 9.75, p < .01). It seems that ACLD patients use protective strategy in response to fatigue in order to prevent further injury in knee point.
A flexible, stretchable system for simultaneous acoustic energy transfer and communication
Authors: Jin Peng , Fu Ji , Wang Fengle , Zhang Yingchao , Wang Peng , Liu Xin , Jiao Yang , Li Hangfei , Chen Ying , Ma Yinji , Feng Xue
Published: September 2021

A flexible device is capable of simultaneous acoustic energy transfer and communication, for implantable medical application.