bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report: A comprehensive rehabilitation protocol in a post-operative case of ASD closure along with PAPVC
Authors: Vardhan Vishnu , Choubisa Chitrakshi
Published: May 2024

An array of congenital cardiac disorders known as partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVC) occur when pulmonary veins, abnormally drain into the right atrium. This can happen directly into the right atrium or via draining into systemic veins. A 10 year old female patient had chief complaints of difficulty in breathing and frequent fever hence she visited rural hospital where 2D echo was done which reviled PAPVC associated with 16 mm ASD (Atrial Septal Defect). She underwent ASD closure along with pulmonary valvotomy as a part of surgical management after which a well-planned cardiac rehabilitation has been ingrained through several breathing methods such as breathing exercises, respiratory muscle strength and home exercise program, helping the patient to carry out her activities of daily living. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Respiratory Muscle Strength using MicroRPM device, 6 Minute Walk Distance (MWD), Borg Scale and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). In this present instance, carefully thought-out physical therapy rehabilitation has been shown to be successful in enhancing functional capacity, respiratory muscle strength, optimizing functional capacity, and lowering fatigue.
NON-PREPOSITIONAL NOMINATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN SPECIAL TEXTS OF THE FRENCH CUSTOMS PRESS
Authors: Kogteva Elena V.
Published: May 2024

Background. In modern conditions, one of the requirements for successful communication, including professional one, is its conciseness and capacity, thus, the advantages of linguistic economy come first. One of the most productive means of linguistic economy in French has recently become the ellipsis of prepositions, as a result of which a lot of uncomplicated non-prepositional constructions appear. Given that French is considered a nominative language, it becomes obvious that non-prepositional nominative constructions are of greatest interest for research.
Purpose. The article examines the use of non-prepositional nominative phrases in special texts of the customs press, in order to increase linguistic competence in professional customs discourse.
Materials and methods. The material for the study was 19 issues of Francophone industry customs publications: the magazine Douane. Magazine, the publication of the General Directorate of Customs and Indirect Duties of France, and OMD Actualités (No. 102) (News of the World Customs Organization). A functional-semantic research method was used in the analysis of the material.
Results. The results of the study showed that the prepositional nominative constructions that appeared as a result of the ellipsis of prepositions are quite frequently used in customs discourse. The structures discovered during the study were divided into three main groups. In addition, cases of the use of non-prepositional phraseological units in the texts were identified, as well as cases of the use of a noun with conjugation, with a missing conjunction of components. It is noted that the most well-established and productive structures are those with the defining component clé, phare, pilote, moteur.
At the same time, there are cases of misinterpretation and labile use of the construction both with and without a preposition, which indicates that such type of word formation is not fully established and remains innovative.
The scope of the results. The results of the study can be used to teach students French in the "Customs" academic discipline.
TURKIC-RUSSIAN LANGUAGE INTERSECTIONS AND THEIR CONSIDERATION IN TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE (THE RESULTS OF WORKING WITH TURKMEN STUDENTS)
Authors: Salimova Daniya A.
Published: May 2024

Purpose. In the article based on the author’s many years of experience of working with foreign students she aims at the analysis of a block of issues related to language unions and the functioning of languages in the modern world, which is methodologically significant in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language. The objects of study are the similarities between two structurally different language families; the indicators of this specificity in language consciousness; the questionnaire data of 500 foreign students in the process of teaching a linguistic course of language theory.
Method and methodology of the work. A number of methods are used in it, the main of which is the general descriptive one. It also includes such methods as comparative, functional, stylistic analyses and partially a quantitative one.
Results of the research. It allowed to find out and systematize universal characteristics of the Turkic and Russian languages which are manifested in the modern period of integration of peoples. It also presents the results of the questionnaire of Turkmen students in the course of teaching of academic disciplines with subsequent analytical survey of the questionnaire data; it covers the problems of language teaching of Turkmen students and gives a number of methods of working with students.
Practical implications. The results of the research can be implemented in teaching such academic disciplines as language theory, comparative linguistics and cultural studies.
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF A CIVILIZATIONAL SOCIETY
Authors: Alpispaev Temirzhan T.
Published: May 2024

This article is devoted to the problem of civilizational society in the context of considering the socio-economic system. To date, there are a certain number of approaches to understanding this phenomenon. A classic example is the materialistic approach. Despite numerous attempts to criticize this approach, studying society through the prism of its socio-economic structure is largely possible due to the materialistic approach. The concept of K. Marx is considered and an analogy with modern realities is drawn. This approach has universal concepts and laws that can also be used in the analysis of all social systems. The article examines the conflicts of capital and labor, the place and role of the working class in the system of social relations, and also proves the importance of the proletariat class as the main driving force of modern society. The problems faced by the working class today are being studied. The types of socio-economic systems with individual criteria and the nature of property relations are considered.
Goal. The article is devoted to the analysis of modern socio-economic systems within the framework of a civilizational society. The subject is the socio-economic system arising from the nature of public relations. The novelty lies in the fact that the working class is being studied in the context of modern scientific, technical and information breakthroughs, where competition for jobs increases with each new technology.
The method or methodology of the work. The study is based on the teachings of K. Marx. Methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparative studies and historical and philosophical are also used.
Results. The conducted research makes it possible to understand that despite the abundance of approaches to the concept of a civilizational society, the fundamental factor of studying remains its socio-economic sphere, as a result of public relations. The article reveals the Marxist approach, thanks to which it is possible to assess the position of the working class in modern civilizational society. Taking into account the growth of culture, the emergence of new technologies and the age of digitalization, the fundamental criterion for ensuring the vital activity of society was and remains – the worker. Different types of socio-economic systems and the methodology of the distribution of economic resources are given.
The scope of the results. The results obtained can be used in the context of the implementation of state social policy, regulatory culture, as well as forecasting social and labor conflicts.
THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS GREEN MANURE VAPORS ON THE PROPERTIES OF GRAY FOREST SOI
Authors: Safin Radik , Nizamov Rustam , Vafin Il'shat
Published: May 2024

The results of research conducted in 2023 on the fields of the Agrobiotechnopark of Kazan State Agrarian University are presented. The purpose of the research was to assess the influence of various green manure fallows on the agrophysical properties and phytopathological state of gray forest medium-loamy soil. The objectives of the research included studying the nature of changes in a number of agrophysical parameters (density, reserves of productive moisture, structure) and in the abundance of some soil phytopathogens when using pure and various green manure fallows. The steam-taking green manures were buckwheat, vetch-oat mixture, peas, white mustard, and oilseed radish. Pure steam served as control. The experiments were carried out within the framework of a long-term production hospital. The area allocated for each option was 1.5 hectares. The experiment was repeated three times. The soil of the experimental fields is highly cultivated, gray forest medium loamy. The agricultural technology for cultivating green manure crops was carried out according to the recommendations. The incorporation of green manure with legumes was carried out during their budding phase; buckwheat and cabbage green manure - during the beginning of flowering. The incorporation of green manure, especially white mustard, led to a decrease in soil density to 1.00. The highest soil structure was also observed in the variant with white mustard (76.2%). The use of white mustard and peas as green manures led, in comparison with pure steam, to an increase in the accumulation of productive moisture in the soil by 20 mm. Incorporation of buckwheat and white mustard contributed to the complete cleansing of the soil from phytopathogenic fungi. In general, among the studied fallow green manures, the best indicators for agrophysical and phytopathological properties of the soil were achieved when using white mustard.
Efficacy and tolerability of brexpiprazole – a new antipsychotic drug from the group of dopamine D2 receptor partial agonists
Authors: Bieńkowski Przemysław , Wichniak Adam
Published: May 2024

Brekspiprazol jest nowym lekiem przeciwpsychotycznym z grupy częściowych agonistów receptorów dopaminowych D2/D3. Stanowi on rozwinięcie grupy leków przeciwpsychotycznych II generacji i jest ważnym uzupełnieniem możliwości leczenia farmakologicznego schizofrenii.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie na przykładzie brekspiprazolu, jak postęp we właściwościach farmakologicznych nowych leków przeciwpsychotycznych, przekłada się na poprawę wyników leczenia schizofrenii nie tylko w kontekście redukcji objawów, ale też poprawy funkcjonowania. Stosunek pobudzenia do blokowania receptorów dopaminowych D2/D3 jest dla brekspiprazolu mniejszy niż dla arypiprazolu oraz kariprazyny, co może przekładać się na mniejsze ryzyko powodowania przez brekspiprazol akatyzji. Ma też on silniejsze niż te dwa leki efekty przeciwhistaminowe, co jest powiązane z silniejszym efektem uspokajającym brekspiprazolu oraz ponownie mniejszym ryzykiem występowania akatyzji, ale też nadmiernego pobudzenia i bezsenności. Brekspiprazol spełnia tradycyjne wymagania odnośnie skuteczność leku przeciwpsychotycznego tzn. w porównaniu z placebo w większym stopniu prowadzi do zmniejszenia objawów schizofrenii w ocenie skalą PANSS w badaniach krótkoterminowych oraz skuteczniej niż placebo zapobiega nawrotom schizofrenii w obserwacji długoterminowej. Najwyższą skuteczność przeciwpsychotyczną stwierdzono w przypadku stosowania największej zarejestrowanej dawki (4 mg/d). Obok zmniejszenia objawów pozytywnych leczenie brekspiprazolem prowadzi także do redukcji objawów negatywnych, depresyjnych oraz lęku . Ważne są obserwacje, że leczenie brekspiprazolem ma pozytywny wpływ na funkcjonowanie społeczne i osobiste pacjentów oraz na jakość życia. Takie działanie leku jest zgodne z oczekiwaniami pacjentów i ich rodzin odnośnie skutecznego leczenia. Powinno ono nie tylko usuwać objawy, ale umożliwiać powrót do zdrowia, czyli stanu który obok optymalnej kondycji zdrowotnej i poczucia komfortu psychicznego umożliwia także utrzymywanie prawidłowych relacji społecznych.
Classroom Climate and Student–Teacher Relationship: A Study Among Students and Teachers in Slovenia
Authors: Čotar-Konrad Sonja , Vodopivec Jurka Lepičnik , Štemberger Tina
Published: May 2024

The primary objective of this study was to determine how students and teachers in primary schools view the classroom climate and its dimensions: (a) peer relationships and (b) student-teacher relationships. Additionally, the study aimed to explore the role of students' age (11-12 years old - 7th grade students vs. 14-15 years old - 9th grade primary school students) and gender on their perceptions of the school climate. Classroom climate was measured with the "Classroom Climate Questionnaire", which was completed by a total of 1,531 students (792; 51.6% female) and 348 teachers (296; 84.6% female). The findings of the study indicated that both students and teachers generally perceived the classroom climate as being relatively neutral to positive. However, teachers tended to report more positive classroom relationships compared to students. Furthermore, the study found no significant gender-based differences in how students perceived the classroom climate, peer relationships, and student-teacher interactions. However, differences were identified based on the age or grade level of the students. The results were discussed in the context of the students’ psychological development characteristics and the aspects of socio-emotional learning within school environments, also considering educational policies for achieving greater school quality.
Bibliometric Analysis of Research Developments on Differentiated Instruction
Authors: Utami Asih , Sujarwo Sujarwo , Fauziyah Puji Yanti , Mustadi Ali , Hidayat Riyan , Rofiki Imam
Published: May 2024

This research attempts to map the trend of research related to differentiated instruction (DI). The research was conducted in May 2023 by researching research articles in the Scopus database. The search data from Scopus used title, abstract, and keyword searches. Research articles were analyzed descriptively based on year of publication, journal name, affiliation, country, and researcher name. The article database from Scopus was analyzed through VOSviewer and RStudio software so that a bibliometric map could be depicted in research related to DI. Based on the Scopus analysis results, it showed that publications of articles related to DI had increased from 2011 to 2021, although it decreased in 2016. The journal with the largest contributor to the publication of research articles related to DI was the Teaching and Teacher Education Journal. Vrije Universitiet Brusel was the university with the most published articles on DI. The country that contributed the most to the research articles related to DI was the United States. Struyven was the most productive scholar related to DI. Through network visualization, it was revealed that the evolution map of research related to DI was divided into five clusters.
Effect of Al2O3 Nanoparticle on the characteristic Parameters of PVDF-co-HFP Based Mg2+ Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Membranes
Authors: Reddy M Ram , Gundla Rambabu , Reddy V Madhusudhana , kundana N
Published: May 2024

Solution casting technique was cast-off to create a novel kind of magnesium ion conductive nanocomposite polymer electrolyte membrane. The films include dissimilar weight percentages of Al2O3 nanofillers embedded in the congregation polymer PVDF-co-HFP, containing magnesium triflate Mg(CF3SO3)2. The distinctive crystalline phases of the polymer and its segment dynamics are considerably changed by changes in the component content of these SPEs. The structural morphology of these films were characterized by the techniques such as FTIR, DSC, SEM, and XRD. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to affirm the chemical composition of the polymer electrolyte membrane, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to verify a decline in melting temperature, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to affirm the exterior morphology of the film, and Xray diffraction (XRD) was used to ensure the drop in crystallinity. It was observed that 8wt% of Al2O3 exhibits the best among them. The addition of nano filler was found to trigger the band of C–O–C stretching to move to a lesser wave number and the strength of the peaks to drop, signalling that the films' crystalline nature had changed to an amorphous one.
A Thermoacoustical and DFT Exploration of Physio-Chemical Properties for N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) with Water
Authors: Kumari Laxmi , Hussain Ajaz , Agarwal Harshit , Mishra Abhishek , Gautam Ratindra , Singh Rahul , Gautam Yashveer , Singh Monal , Sinha Leena , Prasad Onkar , Gupta Manisha
Published: May 2024

For the binary mixture of water and N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), observations have been done of the ultrasonic velocity (u), density (ρ), viscosity (η) and refractive index (n) in excess of the whole composition range at various temperature. Deviation in ultrasonic velocity (Δu), excess intermolecular free length (LfE), excess acoustic impedance (ZE), excess molar volume (VmE), deviation in molar refraction (ΔRm), deviation in viscosity (Δη) and excess Gibbs' free energy of activation for viscous flow (ΔG*E) were used to investigate the intermolecular interactions present in the mixture. Derived parameters such as isoentropic compressibility (Ks), the specific heat ratio (γ), and the effective Debye temperature (ϴD) at varying concentrations of DMA have also been computed using experimental data. Various semi-empirical mixing rules have also been applied to the binary mixture. Density functional theory is utilised to optimise the geometry of DMA, DMA with water, and calculation of H-bonded intermolecular interactions.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Novel Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Acylated Pyrazoline
Authors: Agare Sandip U , More Mahesh P , Tajane Sanjay P , Kadre Tanuja V
Published: May 2024

A set of novel acylated pyrazoline compounds 3(a-i) was prepared and structural elucidation was confirmed by using spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. The synthesized set of acylated pyrazoline compounds 3(a-i) was evaluated for antimicrobial screening which reveals that these compounds have interesting properties. The discs diffusion method was utilized to perform in-vitro antimicrobial activity of pyrazoline derivatives 3(a-i) against Escherichia coli (MCC-2412), Staphylococcus aureus (MCC-2408), B. subtilis (MCC-2010), P. aeruginosa (MCC-2080), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MCC-1033), and Candida albicans (MCC-1439).Some of the acylated molecules such as 3c, 3d, 3g and 3e emerged as excellent designs represents comparable or higher antimicrobial activities concerning standard drug candidates.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Newly Synthesized Halogenated Flavones
Authors: Khan Amreen , Jain Anamika , Solank Manohar
Published: May 2024

In the present investigation, newly chalcones derivatives of flavonoids (E)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one and 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one synthesized through the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. The initial structure of the newly synthesized compounds have been verified by FT-IR, 1HNMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic methods. These two flavones were evaluated for their antibacterial activity using the Kuber agar well diffusion method on the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results displayed that both compounds have superior antibacterial activity against bacteria, S. aureus and E. coli.
A 30-year follow-up study of rotational acetabular osteotomy for pre- and early-stage osteoarthritis secondary to dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Yasunaga Yuji , Oshima Seigo , Shoji Takeshi , Adachi Nobou , Ochi Mitsuo
Published: May 2024

Aims

The objective of this study was to present the outcomes of rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) over a 30-year period for osteoarthritis (OA) secondary to dysplasia of the hip in pre- or early-stage OA.

Methods

Between September 1987 and December 1994, we provided treatment to 47 patients (55 hips) with RAO for the management of pre- or early-stage OA due to developmental hip dysplasia. Of those, eight patients (11 hips) with pre-OA (follow-up rate 79%) and 27 patients (32 hips) with early-stage OA (follow-up rate 78%), totalling 35 patients (43 hips) (follow-up rate 78%), were available at a minimum of 28 years after surgery.

Results

In the pre-OA group, the mean Merle d'Aubigné score improved significantly from 14.5 points (SD 0.7) preoperatively to 17.4 points at final follow-up (SD 1.2; p = 0.004) and in the early-stage group, the mean score did not improve significantly from 14.0 (SD 0.3) to 14.6 (SD 2.4; p = 0.280). Radiologically, the centre-edge angle, acetabular roof angle, and head lateralization index were significantly improved postoperatively in both groups. Radiological progression of OA was observed in two patients (two hips) in the pre-OA group and 17 patients (18 hips) in the early-stage group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, with radiological progression of OA as the primary outcome, projected a 30-year survival rate of 81.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59 to 1.00) for the pre-OA group and 42.2% (95% CI 0.244 to 0.600) for the early-stage group. In all cases, the overall survival rate stood at 51.5% (95% CI 0.365 to 0.674) over a 30-year period, and when the endpoint was conversion to total hip arthroplasty, the survival rate was 74.0% (95% CI 0.608 to 0.873).

Conclusion

For younger patients with pre-OA, joint preservation of over 30 years can be expected after RAO.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):25–31.
Acetabular component liner exchange with highly crosslinked polyethylene for wear and osteolysis
Authors: Liu Wai K. T. , Cheung Amy , Fu Henry , Chan Ping K. , Chiu Kwong Y.
Published: May 2024

Aims

Isolated acetabular liner exchange with a highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) component is an option to address polyethylene wear and osteolysis following total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the presence of a well-fixed acetabular shell. The liner can be fixed either with the original locking mechanism or by being cemented within the acetabular component. Whether the method used for fixation of the HXLPE liner has any bearing on the long-term outcomes is still unclear.

Methods

Data were retrieved for all patients who underwent isolated acetabular component liner exchange surgery with a HXLPE component in our institute between August 2000 and January 2015. Patients were classified according to the fixation method used (original locking mechanism (n = 36) or cemented (n = 50)). Survival and revision rates were compared. A total of 86 revisions were performed and the mean duration of follow-up was 13 years.

Results

A total of 20 patients (23.3%) had complications, with dislocation alone being the most common (8.1%; 7/86). Ten patients (11.6%) required re-revision surgery. Cementing the HXLPE liner (8.0%; 4/50) had a higher incidence of re-revision due to acetabular component liner-related complications than using the original locking mechanism (0%; 0/36; p = 0.082). Fixation using the original locking mechanism was associated with re-revision due to acetabular component loosening (8.3%; 3/36), compared to cementing (0%; 0/50; p = 0.038). Overall estimated mean survival was 19.2 years. There was no significant difference in the re-revision rate between the original locking mechanism (11.1%; 4/36) and cementing (12.0%; 6/50; p = 0.899). Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the revision-free survival of HXLPE fixed with the original locking mechanism and cementing was 94.1% and 93.2%, respectively, at ten years, and 84.7% and 81.3%, respectively, at 20 years (p = 0.840).

Conclusion

The re-revision rate and the revision-free survival following acetabular component liner exchange revision surgery using the HXLPE liner were not influenced by the fixation technique used. Both techniques were associated with good survival at a mean follow-up of 13 years. Careful patient selection is necessary for isolated acetabular component liner exchange revision surgery in order to achieve the best outcomes.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(5 Supple B):59–65.
Preliminary Evaluation of Bending Properties in Dimension Lumber of Paulownia tomentosa as a Fast-Growing Tree Species in Japan
Authors: Ishiguri Futoshi , Nezu Ikumi , Nihei Masashi , Kato Shigeru , Otani Naoki , Ohshima Jyunichi , Yokota Shinso
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of re-establishment of the Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. forestry and wood industry for sustainable wood production in Japan. Bending properties were preliminarily investigated for dimension lumber (2 by 4, 38 by 89 mm in transverse section) and small-clear specimens of this species. The severe slope of grain in lumber reduced the modulus of rupture (MOR) and disturbed the relationship between the modulus of elasticity (MOE) and MOR. Preliminary studies determined a 5 percent lower tolerance limit with a 75 percent confidence level in MOR of lumber was 12.1 MPa. The value exceeded the characteristic value of MOR of 2 by 4 lumber in structural grade Western redcedar (Thuja plicata).
"Dark Ecology" and the Forces of Modernity in Hemingway's Early Work
Authors: Lyle Megan Cole
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Extending upon recent interventions by "environmental Hemingway" scholars, this article suggests that several of Hemingway's early short stories and poems exhibit a reluctant, panic-infused realization of their protagonists' complicity in mass environmental degradation—a phenomenon that Timothy Morton calls "dark ecology"—tempered by their deferral of personal responsibility for such degradation. While Hemingway's protagonists strive to construct a pastoral understanding of the natural world as an autonomous site of salvation, care, and escape, this article suggests that ultimately, their relationships with nature remain inextricable from the logics of extractivism and haunted by the imminent ravages of industrial modernity.
Romancing the Wound: Hemingway and the Screenplay of The Sun Also Rises
Authors: Wyatt David
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia holds three drafts for the screenplay of the 1957 film of The Sun Also Rises . Hemingway read Peter Viertel's second attempt at a working script—the one titled "Revised Temporary"—and penciled in over fifty critical comments on it. Hemingway was most aroused by the choice of one word—"impotent." Jake Barnes "was not impotent," Hemingway wrote, but the film as produced stuck with the word. When it came to clarifying the nature of Jake's wound, Viertel was later to write, "we were never really able to solve this problem." All along, however, Hemingway had meant to confer upon his hero a problem that has no name. Hemingway sentenced Jake Barnes to a wound that resists signification in order to remind us of the deep pleasure we take in wound-hunting, especially when searching for The Wound that (may have) shaped the author himself.
Accurate measurement of the frequency offset of the laser based on electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Ren Shuang , Tang Yu , Yang Chuang , Wang Siyuan , Zhou Hanbin
Published: May 2024

We propose a method using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) to measure the frequency offset of the laser relative to a cavity’s resonance frequency, thereby reducing the laser detuning when preparing Rydberg atoms. Laser reflection by the vapor cell enables observation of two EIT peaks corresponding to the co-propagating and counter-propagating beams, and the peaks’ position is related to laser detuning, allowing us to estimate the frequency offset of the probe and coupling lasers. The method reduces the measurement uncertainty compared to directly observing saturated absorption spectroscopy (SAS) and EIT, making it suitable for applications that require strict control over laser detuning.
Neural-radiance-fields-based holography [Invited]
Authors: Kang Minsung , Wang Fan , Kumano Kai , Ito Tomoyoshi , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi
Published: May 2024

This study presents, to the best of our knowledge, a novel approach for generating holograms based on the neural radiance fields (NeRF) technique. Generating real-world three-dimensional (3D) data is difficult in hologram computation. NeRF is a state-of-the-art technique for 3D light-field reconstruction from 2D images based on volume rendering. The NeRF can rapidly predict new-view images that are not included in a training dataset. In this study, we constructed a rendering pipeline directly from a radiance field generated from 2D images by NeRF for hologram generation using deep neural networks within a reasonable time. The pipeline comprises three main components: the NeRF, a depth predictor, and a hologram generator, all constructed using deep neural networks. The pipeline does not include any physical calculations. The predicted holograms of a 3D scene viewed from any direction were computed using the proposed pipeline. The simulation and experimental results are presented.
Ultra-sensitive measurement of small optical rotation angles using quantum entanglement based on a quasi-Wollaston prism beam splitter
Authors: Wang Shuai , Zhu Jing , Zhu Lianqing
Published: May 2024

The measurement of optical rotation is fundamental to optical atomic magnetometry. Ultra-high sensitivity has been achieved by employing a quasi-Wollaston prism as the beam splitter within a quantum entanglement state, complemented by synchronous detection. Initially, we designed a quasi-Wollaston prism and intentionally rotated the crystal axis of the exit prism element by a specific bias angle. A linearly polarized light beam, incident upon this prism, is divided into three beams, with the intensity of each beam correlated through quantum entanglement. Subsequently, we formulated the equations for optical rotation angles by synchronously detecting the intensities of these beams, distinguishing between differential and reference signals. Theoretical analysis indicates that the measurement uncertainty for optical rotation angles, when using quantum entanglement, exceeds the conventional photon shot noise limit. Moreover, we have experimentally validated the effectiveness of our method. In DC mode, the experimental results reveal that the measurement uncertainty for optical rotation angles is 4.7 × 10−9 rad, implying a sensitivity of 4.7 × 10−10 rad/Hz1/2 for each 0.01 s measurement duration. In light intensity modulation mode, the uncertainty is 48.9 × 10−9 rad, indicating a sensitivity of 4.89 × 10−9 rad/Hz1/2 per 0.01 s measurement duration. This study presents a novel approach for measuring small optical rotation angles with unprecedentedly low uncertainty and high sensitivity, potentially playing a pivotal role in advancing all-optical atomic magnetometers and magneto-optical effect research.
Monolithic tunable dual-wavelength laser utilizing erbium-doped lithium niobate on an insulator
Authors: Cai Minglu , Zhang Xujia , Li Tianyi , Shi Hao , Li Tieying , Li Hao , Zheng Yuanlin , Chen Xianfeng , Chen Jianping , Wu Kan
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate a monolithic tunable dual-wavelength laser fabricated on erbium-doped lithium niobate on an insulator (Er:LNOI). The dual-wavelength laser enables independent tuning with a continuously linear electro-optic (EO)-modulated tuning range of 11.875 GHz at a tuning efficiency of 0.63 pm/V. Tunable microwave generation within 50 GHz with a maximum extinction ratio of 35 dB is experimentally demonstrated by further exploring the charge accumulation effect in LNOI. The monolithic design of this work paves the way for microscale integration of laser devices, presenting significant prospects in photonics research and applications.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease in Sri Lanka: An island-wide epidemiological survey assessing the prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nilanka , Thuraisingham Ahthavann , Jayalath Achini , Wickramasinghe Dakshitha , Samarasekera Dharmabandhu N. , Yazaki Etsuro , Devanarayana Niranga Manjuri
Published: May 2024

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is commonly encountered in clinical practice in Sri Lanka. However, its prevalence in Sri Lanka is unknown. Our objective was to study the island-wide prevalence of GERD symptoms in Sri Lanka and its associated factors. A total of 1200 individuals aged 18–70 years (male: female 1: 1.16, mean age 42.7 years [SD 14.4 years]). were recruited from all 25 districts of the country, using stratified random sampling. An interviewer-administered, country-validated questionnaire was used to assess the GERD symptom prevalence and associated factors. Weight, height, waist, and hip circumference were measured. Heartburn and/or regurgitation at least once a week, an internationally used criterion for probable GERD was used to diagnose GERD. In this study, GERD symptom prevalence was 25.3% (male 42.1% and female 57.9%). Factors independently associated with GERD were inadequate sleep, snacking at midnight, sleeping within two hours of consuming a meal, skipping breakfast, increased mental stress, and certain medications used such as statins, and antihypertensive medications (p<0.001, univariate and logistic regression analysis). 38.4% of the study population have been using medication for heartburn and regurgitation in the past 3 months and 19.8% were on proton pump inhibitors. To conclude, the prevalence of GERD symptoms in Sri Lanka (25.3%) is higher than its estimated global prevalence of 13.8%. Several meal-related lifestyle habits, mental stress, and the use of some medications are significantly associated with GERD, indicating the importance of lifestyle modification and stress reduction in its management.
Morpho-physiological responses of potato cultivars under weed competition
Authors: Franceschetti Milena Barretta , Galon Leandro , Toso Janaíne Oliveira , Melo Thaís Stradioto , Menegatti André Dalpont , Concenco Germani , Bagnara Maico André Michelon , Perin Gismael Francisco
Published: May 2024

Among the factors that affect potato productivity, the interference caused by weeds stands out as they may compete with the crop, release allelopathic substances to soil and host insects and diseases. Therefore, the objective of this work was to assess the competitive ability of white (Aghata) and pink (Asterix) potato cultivars when infested by Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea) or wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heteroplylla). The experiment was carried out into greenhouse in randomized blocks design, with four replications. A single potato plant faced competition by either Alexandergrass or wild poinsettia, ranging from 0 to 64 plants per plot. Fifty days after seedling transplanting, variables related to the morphophysiology of potato cultivars and weeds were assessed. Potatoes have low competitive ability with both weed species, with wild poinsettia being the most aggressive in reducing the accumulation rates of leaf area and aboveground dry mass. Potato photosynthetic rate is negatively influenced by the presence of both weeds. Internal CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, carboxylation efficiency and transpiration rates of potato varied depending on weed species and density. Morphological parameters are reduced when potato competed with Alexandergrass or wild poinsettia; however the physiological parameters are most sharply affected when under competition with wild poinsettia.
Carpochron: a concept for the time interval between the appearance of fruits in consecutive harvests
Authors: Schoffel André , Koefender Jana , Golle Diego Pascoal , Camera Juliane Nocolodi
Published: May 2024

The aim of this research was to estimate the base temperature for the appearance of fruits at harvest point in the strawberry and to propose a concept to represent the time required for the appearance of fruits in consecutive harvests. The experiment was conducted in 2021 in four seedling transplanting seasons: May (season 1), June (season 2), July (season 3) and August (season 4) of two cultivars: Fronteras and Merced. Twenty-four consecutive fruit harvests were carried out from September 9, 2021, to December 1, 2021, when the number, length (cm), diameter (mm), and fresh weight of the fruits (g) were evaluated. The base temperature for the fruit emission of the strawberry was calculated using the method of the smallest mean square error. Carpochron was estimated at each season and for each cultivar, obtaining a simple linear regression between the number of fruits and the accumulated thermal sum (ºC day) and the number of days after transplanting (DAT), using as base temperature the one estimated in this work. The base temperature for the appearance of consecutive fruits at the harvest point in the strawberry is 11ºC. Carpochron increases with the delay of the transplanting season and the values ranged from 81.97ºC fruit day to 144.93ºC fruit day for cultivars Merced and Fronteras.
Die Wahlmobilisierung der AfD in Sachsen und Bayern
Authors: Polenz Julian
Published: May 2024

In diesem Beitrag arbeitet Julian Polenz drei sozialräumliche AfD-Milieus in Sachsen und Bayern heraus: ein ethnisch homogenes Milieu mit geringer Kirchenbindung in strukturschwachen sächsischen Kreisen, ein religiöses Milieu mit eingeschränkten Partnerchancen für Männer in Niederbayern und der Oberpfalz sowie ein Milieu mit geringer Bildung in nord- und südbayerischen Regionen. Eine Analyse öffentlicher AfD-Telegram-Kanäle zeigt, dass sich Framing und Koalitionsbildung der AfD in Sachsen und Bayern fundamental unterscheiden. Während die sächsische AfD auf Telegram weitestgehend gemäßigt auftritt, präsentiert sich die bayerische AfD durch die Bezugnahme auf antisemitische Kanäle und die Verbreitung von Verschwörungstheorien als verfassungsfeindlicher Akteur.
Über den Nutzen des Natural Language Processing in der computationellen Analyse literarischer Texte des ›Naturalismus‹ und der ›literarischen Moderne‹
Authors: Femmer Henning , Lucke Alexa
Published: May 2024

Henning Femmer (Informatik) und Alexa Lucke (Literaturwissenschaft) widmen sich in ihrem gemeinsamen Beitrag "Über den Nutzen des Natural Language Processing in der computationellen Analyse literarischer Texte des ,Naturalismus' und der ,literarischen Moderne'" dem heuristischen Nutzen des Natural Language Processing für die kulturwissenschaftliche Analyse von literarischen Texten. Es werden ausgewählte literarische Texte, die im traditionellen Literaturkanon entweder dem 'Naturalismus' oder der 'literarischen Moderne' zugeordnet werden, anhand von sprachlichen Vorkommnissen (findings) analysiert und überprüft, ob anhand der Häufigkeiten solcher ,Findings' eindeutige Epochenzugehörigkeiten oder unerwartete semantische Kontexte und Prozesse abgeleitet werden können.
Musikalische Schrift und Gender
Authors: Finke Gesa , Freund Julia
Published: May 2024

In diesem Beitrag legen Gesa Finke und Julia Freund an konkreten Beispielen zentrale Themenfelder und Perspektivierungsmöglichkeiten dar, mittels derer sich die komplexen Verflechtungen von musikalischer Schrift und Gender greifbar machen und produktiv befragen lassen: a) die Vermittlung von Körper- und Geschlechterbildern in Notationsformen, insbesondere solchen mit piktorialen Elementen; b) die wirkmächtige diskursive Verknüpfung von Schrift mit Genialität und Männlichkeit in einer zunehmend von Dichotomien geprägten Geschlechterordnung und Musikkultur seit dem ausgehenden 18. Jahrhundert; c) die Verbindung von Schrift mit dem Konzept der Autorschaft mit ihren weitreichenden ökonomischen und musikkulturellen Konsequenzen; d) die sozialgeschichtliche Frage nach den historisch und kulturell unterschiedlichen Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu musikalischer Schrift und schriftkulturellen Handlungsfeldern; e) die mit der Schrift einhergehenden Subversionspotenziale und Aufwertungsstrategien, auch jenseits der Vorstellung geschlechtlicher Polarität.
Not 30 Pesos, 30 Years!
Authors: Thurman Erik
Published: May 2024

Erik Thurman investigates the role of art in the Chilean protest movement that started in 2019. It started with resistance by high school students against a 30 peso metro fee hike and developed into a nationwide series of protests and strikes aiming to eradicate the institutional and societal leftovers of the authoritarian neoliberalism of Augusto Pinochet. The contribution highlights the importance of art in exposing authoritarian atrocities and invoking solidarity. As a comic, the contribution itself is such a work of art.
Die Präsentation des Unsichtbaren. Darstellungen des Coronavirus zwischen Pop und Realität
Authors: Müller Silke
Published: May 2024

Im Zentrum des Beitrags stehen zwei weltweit massenmedial verbreitete Bilder des Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 der US-amerikanischen Centers für Disease Control, CDC. Auf dem Wege segmentanalytischer sozialwissenschaftlicher Bildanalyse geht die Autorin Fragen nach der Entstehung, den Gebrauchsweisen und somit der soziokulturellen Bedeutung der Bilder nach. Dabei ergibt sich u.a., dass die Bilder aus komplexen soziotechnischen Erzeugungsprozessen hervorgegangen sind. Sie bilden das Virus nicht einfach ab, sondern, so lässt sich mit Lorraine Daston und Peter Galison festhalten, sie präsentieren es und changieren dabei zwischen schillernder popkultureller Imagination und nüchternem naturwissenschaftlichem Realismus.
Rhetorik der Corona-Krise: Die Kommunikation des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit auf dessen YouTube-Kanal
Authors: Watzl Markus
Published: May 2024

Markus Watzl widmet sich in diesem Beitrag der Frage, wie sich die Krisenkommunikation des Bundesministeriums für Gesundheit während der Coronapandemie gestaltet hat. Besonderer Augenmerk soll dabei auf den YouTube-Kanal des Ministeriums geworfen werden und auf die unterschiedlichen Formate, welche für diesen produziert wurden, um der Bevölkerung die verschiedenen Aspekte einer solchen Pandemie zu erläutern oder sogar Hilfsmöglichkeiten anzubieten. Ferner sollen Vergleiche zwischen der realen Krisenrhetorik der deutschen Regierung und einer entsprechenden Darstellung im populären Katastrophen- oder Kriegsfilm gezogen werden.
Gemeinsam durch die Pandemie: Inszenierung und Funktionen japanischer Idole in Krisenzeiten
Authors: Rehfeld Steffi
Published: May 2024

Steffi Rehfeld beschreibt in »Gemeinsam durch die Pandemie: Inszenierung und Funktionen japanischer Idole in Krisenzeiten« auf theoretischer und empirischer Basis die Inszenierungsstrategien japanischer Berühmtheiten während der Corona-Pandemie und leitet daraus ab, welche Funktionen diese Art von Persönlichkeiten innerhalb einer pandemischen Gefahrenlage erfüllen können.
Pandemien in der Science-Fiction: Star Trek: Voyager und die Darstellung der Vidiianer
Authors: Haar Rebecca
Published: May 2024

Mit der Darstellung hochinfektiöser Krankheiten und gesellschaftlicher Auswirkungen einer Pandemie im Star-Trek-Franchise beschäftigt sich Rebecca Haar in ihrem Beitrag »Pandemien in der Science-Fiction als Keimzelle des Unheimlichen: Star Trek - Voyager und die Darstellung der Vidiianer«. Sie zeigt, wie in Star Trek: Voyager anhand der Spezies der Vidiianer und der Fresszelle, einer Infektionskrankheit, verschiedene filmische und literarische Gattungen ineinanderfließen, wie Science-Fiction mit Horror vermengt und auf fiktional überformte Wirklichkeitsvorstellungen zurückgegriffen wird. Krankheit wird hierbei als Signum des akzelerierenden gesamtgesellschaftlichen Wandels abstrahiert, das jegliche soziale Sicherheit infrage stellt und das Individuum als verwundbares und verwundetes Wesen inszeniert.
Die Augen der Avantgarden
Authors: Schmidt-Burkhardt Astrit
Published: May 2024

Auge um Auge, Blick um Blick: Sehen ist keine objektive Konstante. Die optische Wahrnehmung unterliegt stets einem Wandel, sie ist determiniert von historisch variablen Kontexten. Schon lange vor Social Media und Instagram gibt es verschiedene visuelle Zugänge zur Welt sowie forcierte Blickregime. Astrit Schmidt-Burkhardt bietet diverse Einblicke in die Sphäre des Schauens. Anhand von Beispielen und Bildquellen aus den letzten dreihundert Jahren spannt sie einen Bogen von Religion und Politik über die Kunst, Technik, Wissenschaft bis hin zum leeren Blick der Toten. Die erhellenden, anregenden und überraschenden Perspektiven eröffnen eine interdisziplinäre Kulturgeschichte des Sehens.
Making Use of Models
Authors: Bohé Jacob , Feidicker Charlotte , Gutierrez Angela , Kunkel Frederic , Niewöhner Maria Laura , Wittmaack Malte
Published: May 2024

Jacob Bohé, Charlotte Feidicker, Angela Gutierrez, Frederic Kunkel, Laura Maria Niewöhner, Malte Wittmaack shed light on the question of how models and modeling could be applied to historical research. Iná three sections, different research fields in History will be explored concerning this question, i.e., economic history, situations of cultural contact, denazification, and the use of models in Digital Humanities. In every section, two authors discuss problems and chances in using models and modeling in their research projects within the SFB 1288 "Practices of comparing".
World Political Change
Authors: Albert Mathias , Müller Thomas
Published: May 2024

In this chapter, Mathias Albert and Thomas Müller explore how actors make sense of world political change. It under-stands change as a significant difference over time and emphasises the importance of narratives: It is through narratives that actors highlight differences between the past, present and future and imbue these differences with political significance. The chapter distinguishes three storytelling practices through which actors craft such narratives: periodization, historical regularities and future worlds. Studying three episodes of actors trying to make sense of world political change in the past 50 years, it shows that these storytelling practices are often used in combination and, moreover, are closely intertwined with practices of theorising and modelling what world politics is and how it works.
»Vergleichungen in Masse«
Authors: Willer Stefan
Published: May 2024

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Theorie und Methodologie des Vergleichens bei Friedrich Schleiermacher. Entwickelt wird das Thema vor allem am polaren Verhältnis von Hermeneutik und Kritik. Für beide philologischen Teilbereiche bemerkt Schleiermacher die Bedeutung des »komparativen Verfahrens«, dem er ein »divinatorisches« an die Seite stellt. Der Beitrag erläutert, wie darin und in weiteren Aspekten Hermeneutik und Kritik ihrerseits vergleichbar werden. In einem Ausblick werden weitere Horizonte und Anwendungsbereiche bei Schleiermacher umrissen, insbesondere die Theorie und Praxis der Übersetzung.
Unschätzbar
Authors: Taylor Nathan
Published: May 2024

Der Beitrag untersucht, wie ein Paradigma der Inkommensurabilität literarischer Werke in eine Ökonomie unschätzbarer Werke überführt wird. Als exemplarisch hierfür gilt die jüngste Apologie des ästhetischen Urteils durch den Literaturwissenschaftler Michael Clune. Clunes Versuch, der Literatur einen vergleichsweise unvergleichlichen ästhetischen Wert zu verleihen, entstammt, so das Argument des Beitrags, einer romantischen Ökonomie des Vergleichens. Nach einem Exkurs zu Hume und Marx wird mit Friedrich Schlegel und dem Märchen »Hans im Glück« der Gebrüder Grimm ein bis in die Gegenwart hinein fortlebender romantischer Problemzusammenhang zwischen Wert und Vergleichen vor dem Hintergrund einer wachsenden Marktlogik rekonstruiert. Als Alternative zur romantischen Ökonomie des Unschätzbaren schließt der Beitrag mit einem Ausblick auf ein Beispiel der digitalen Literatur, bei dem Verwertungsverfahren auf tiefer liegende Wertprobleme hinweisen.