bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demand-Side Flexibility in Power Systems, Structure, Opportunities, and Objectives: A Review for Residential Sector
Authors: Golmohamadi Hessam , Golestan Saeed , Sinha Rakesh , Bak-Jensen Birgitte
Published: September 2024

The integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) is rapidly increasing within energy systems worldwide. However, this shift introduces intermittency and uncertainty on the supply side. To hedge against RES intermittency, demand-side flexibility introduces a practical solution. Therefore, further studies are required to unleash demand-side flexibility in power systems. This flexibility is relevant across various sectors of power systems, including residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural sectors. This paper reviews the key aspects of demand-side flexibility within the residential sector. To achieve this objective, a general introduction to demand flexibility across the four sectors is provided. As a contribution of this paper, and in comparison with previous studies, household appliances are classified based on their flexibility and controllability. The flexibility potential of key residential demands, including heat pumps, district heating, electric vehicles, and battery systems, is then reviewed. Another contribution of this paper is the exploration of demand-side flexibility scheduling under uncertainty, examining three approaches: stochastic programming, robust optimization, and information-gap decision theory. Additionally, the integration of demand flexibility into short-term electricity markets with high-RES penetration is discussed. Finally, the key objective functions and simulation software used in the study of demand-side flexibility are reviewed.
Changes in Spatiotemporal Pattern and Its Driving Factors of Suburban Forest Defoliating Pest Disasters
Authors: Jiang Xuefei , Liu Ting , Ding Mingming , Zhang Wei , Zhai Chang , Lu Junyan , He Huaijiang , Luo Ye , Bao Guangdao , Ren Zhibin
Published: September 2024

Forest defoliating pests are significant global forest disturbance agents, posing substantial threats to forest ecosystems. However, previous studies have lacked systematic analyses of the continuous spatiotemporal distribution characteristics over a complete 3–5 year disaster cycle based on remote sensing data. This study focuses on the Dendrolimus superans outbreak in the Changbai Mountain region of northeastern China. Utilizing leaf area index (LAI) data derived from Sentinel-2A satellite images, we analyze the extent and dynamic changes of forest defoliation. We comprehensively examine the spatiotemporal patterns of forest defoliating pest disasters and their development trends across different forest types. Using the geographical detector method, we quantify the main influencing factors and their interactions, revealing the differential impacts of various factors during different growth stages of the pests. The results show that in the early stage of the Dendrolimus superans outbreak, the affected area is extensive but with mild severity, with newly affected areas being 23 times larger than during non-outbreak periods. In the pre-hibernation stage, the affected areas are smaller but more severe, with a cumulative area reaching up to 8213 hectares. The spatial diffusion characteristics of the outbreak follow a sequential pattern across forest types: Larix olgensis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Picea koraiensis, and Pinus koraiensis. The most significant influencing factor during the pest development phase was the relative humidity of the year preceding the outbreak, with a q-value of 0.27. During the mitigation phase, summer precipitation was the most influential factor, with a q-value of 0.12. The combined effect of humidity and the low temperatures of 2020 had the most significant impact on both the development and mitigation stages of the outbreak. This study’s methodology achieves a high-precision quantitative inversion of long-term disaster spatial characteristics, providing new perspectives and tools for real-time monitoring and differentiated control of forest pest infestations.
Optimizing Stand Spatial Structure at Different Development Stages in Mixed Hard Broadleaf Forests
Authors: Sheng Qi , Dong Lingbo , Liu Zhaogang
Published: September 2024

Thinning plays a key role in regulating the stand spatial structure (SpS) to improve the development of stand quality, and the stand has different characteristics of stand structure (SS) at different growth and development stages (DSs), so it is most important to reasonably determine the stage of growth and development of the stand to optimize the stand structure. We applied the TWINSPAN two-way indicator species analysis method to classify the different development stages of mixed hard broadleaf forests. We provided a comprehensive stand spatial structure optimization model for three selected plots at different development stages, respectively, to optimize the SpS. The results demonstrated the classified DS of 29 mixed hard broadleaf plots for three forest stages: the establishment stage, competitive stage, and quality selection stage. We then applied the SpS optimization model to our three plots; the Q(x) increased by 124.04%, 333.74%, and 116.83% when compared with those with no harvest, in which, upon the removal of 10% of the trees from the three plots, the maximum RIP values were all observed. Our results indicated that the SpS optimization model could regulate the SS for different growth stages and DSs.
Forest Canopy Height Estimation Combining Dual-Polarization PolSAR and Spaceborne LiDAR Data
Authors: Tong Yao , Liu Zhiwei , Fu Haiqiang , Zhu Jianjun , Zhao Rong , Xie Yanzhou , Hu Huacan , Li Nan , Fu Shujuan
Published: September 2024

Forest canopy height data are fundamental parameters of forest structure and are critical for understanding terrestrial carbon stock, global carbon cycle dynamics and forest productivity. To address the limitations of retrieving forest canopy height using conventional PolInSAR-based methods, we proposed a method to estimate forest height by combining single-temporal polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) images with sparse spaceborne LiDAR (forest height) measurements. The core idea of our method is that volume scattering energy variations which are linked to forest canopy height occur during radar acquisition. Specifically, our methodology begins by employing a semi-empirical inversion model directly derived from the random volume over ground (RVoG) formulation to establish the relationship between forest canopy height, volume scattering energy and wave extinction. Subsequently, PolSAR decomposition techniques are used to extract canopy volume scattering energy. Additionally, machine learning is employed to generate a spatially continuous extinction coefficient product, utilizing sparse LiDAR samples for assistance. Finally, with the derived inversion model and the resulting model parameters (i.e., volume scattering power and extinction coefficient), forest canopy height can be estimated. The performance of the proposed forest height inversion method is illustrated with L-band NASA/JPL UAVSAR from AfriSAR data conducted over the Gabon Lope National Park and airborne LiDAR data. Compared to high-accuracy airborne LiDAR data, the obtained forest canopy height from the proposed approach exhibited higher accuracy (R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 6.09 m). The results demonstrate the potential and merit of the synergistic combination of PolSAR (volume scattering power) and sparse LiDAR (forest height) measurements for forest height estimation. Additionally, our approach achieves good performance in forest height estimation, with accuracy comparable to that of the multi-baseline PolInSAR-based inversion method (RMSE = 5.80 m), surpassing traditional PolSAR-based methods with an accuracy of 10.86 m. Given the simplicity and efficiency of the proposed method, it has the potential for large-scale forest height estimation applications when only single-temporal dual-polarization acquisitions are available.
A Comparative Study on the Antioxidative Activity and Phenolic Content of Fresh and Black (Fermented) Allium Vegetables
Authors: Ülger Taha Gökmen , Çakıroğlu Funda Pınar
Published: September 2024

Allium genus vegetables have significant functional effects on health. In recent years, consumer demand for black forms of these vegetables, produced from fresh Alliums through spontaneous fermentation at high temperature and humidity, has increased, while their functional effects have yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant capacity and total phenol content of various Allium vegetables (yellow onion, red onion, white onion, and garlic) in both their raw and black (fermented) forms. For the production of black onions and black garlic, unpeeled raw forms of these vegetables were kept at 75 °C and 90% humidity for 9 days. Afterward, fresh and fermented samples were lyophilized, dried, and evaluated for total phenol content by the Folin–Ciocalteu method and for antioxidant activity by the ABTS and DPPH methods. The total phenol content increased significantly in all samples after fermentation (p < 0.05), with the highest increases observed in garlic (216%), while the increases in onion species ranged between 44.6% and 118.3%. The increase in antioxidant capacity was also significant in all samples (p < 0.05) and was higher in garlic than in onions. Changes in antioxidant capacity and total phenol content indicate that fermentation improves the nutritional quality of these vegetables.
From Conventional to Craft Beer: Perception, Source, and Production of Beer Color—A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ualema Nélio Jacinto Manuel , dos Santos Lucely Nogueira , Bogusz Stanislau , Ferreira Nelson Rosa
Published: September 2024

Beer is a popular beverage consumed globally, and studies have emphasized the benefits of moderate consumption as well as its sensory effects on consumers. Color is a crucial sensory attribute, being the first aspect a consumer notices when assessing a beer’s quality. This review seeks to offer detailed insights into how brewing methods, raw materials, and the chemical diversity of beer influence the production of beer color. The chemical mechanisms responsible for color development and how consumers and color systems perceive the color of beer were assessed. A systematic review following the PRISMA methodology, coupled with a bibliometric analysis, was performed using (Rayyan 2022) and (VOSviewer 1.6.20) software to assess and evaluate the scientific research retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. The findings highlight the significant roles of malt types, heat brewing processes, control of chemical parameters, and innovative brewing techniques in conventional beer color production. Novel chromophores like perlolyrine, pyrrolothiazolate, and furpenthiazinate are thought to affect Pilsen-style beers, along with melanoidins, Strecker aldehydes, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in conventional beers. In craft beers, such as fruit- or herb-based beers, flavonoids like anthocyanins, along with other natural pigments and synthetic colorants, are identified as the primary sources of color. However, studies related to the influence of chromophores like perlolyrine, pyrrolothiazolate, and furpenthiazinate on beer color are scarce, and emerging additives, such as pigments from microorganisms, spices, exotic herbs, and leaves of plants, on craft beer offer insights for future research.
Investigating the Thermal Stability of Omega Fatty Acid-Enriched Vegetable Oils
Authors: Nagy Katalin , Iacob Bogdan-Cezar , Bodoki Ede , Oprean Radu
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the thermal stability of omega fatty acid-enriched vegetable oils, focusing on their behavior under high-temperature conditions commonly encountered during frying. This research aims to evaluate changes in fatty acid composition, particularly the degradation of essential omega-3, -6, and -9 fatty acids, and the formation of harmful compounds such as trans fatty acids (TFAs). Various commercially available vegetable oils labeled as containing omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9, including refined sunflower, high-oleic sunflower, rapeseed, and blends, were analyzed under temperatures from 180 °C to 230 °C for varying durations. The fatty acid profiles were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated a significant degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and an increase in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and TFAs with prolonged heating. The findings highlight the varying degrees of thermal stability among different oils, with high-oleic sunflower and blended oils exhibiting greater resistance to thermal degradation compared to conventional sunflower oils. This study underscores the importance of selecting oils with favorable fatty acid compositions for high-temperature cooking to minimize adverse health effects associated with degraded oil consumption. Furthermore, it provides insights into optimizing oil blends to enhance thermal stability and maintain nutritional quality, crucial for consumer health and food industry practices.
Spinning a Sustainable Future: Electrospun Polysaccharide–Protein Fibers for Plant-Based Meat Innovation
Authors: da Trindade Letícia G. , Zanchet Letícia , Bonsanto Fabiana Perrechil , Braga Anna Rafaela Cavalcante
Published: September 2024

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of producing electrospun fibers by combining polysaccharides, zein, and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to simulate the fibers applied in plant-based meat analogs. The rheological properties of biopolymer solutions were evaluated, and the electrospun fibers were characterized according to their morphology, structural interactions, and thermal analysis. The results indicated that the fibers prepared in a ratio of 90:10 of zein/carrageenan from the mixture of a solution containing 23 wt.% of zein with a solution containing 1 wt.% of carrageenan and with the addition of 1 wt.% of PEO presented a promising structure for application as fibers in meat analogs because they have a more hydrophilic surface. Thus, they have good moisture retention. In addition, they have good thermal stability at high temperatures, which is crucial to achieve a consistent and pleasant texture. Furthermore, it was observed that adding zein and PEO helps with the spinnability of the polysaccharides, producing fibers with good homogeneity.
Honey as a Sugar Substitute in Gluten-Free Bread Production
Authors: Cannas Michela , Fadda Costantino , Urgeghe Pietro Paolo , Piga Antonio , Conte Paola
Published: September 2024

In recent years, there has been a significant focus on enhancing the overall quality of gluten-free breads by incorporating natural and healthy compounds to meet consumer expectations regarding texture, flavor, and nutritional value. Considering the high glycemic index associated with gluten-free products, the use of honey, renowned for its numerous health benefits, may serve as an optimal alternative to sucrose. This study investigates the impact of substituting sucrose, either partially (50%) or entirely (100%), with five Sardinian honeys (commercial multifloral honey, cardoon, eucalyptus, and strawberry tree unifloral honeys, and eucalyptus honeydew honey), on the rheological properties of the doughs and the physico-chemical and technological properties of the resulting gluten-free breads. The results demonstrated that an optimal balance was achieved between the leavening and viscoelastic properties of the doughs and the physical and textural attributes of the resulting breads in gluten-free samples prepared with a partial substitution of cardoon and multifloral honeys. Conversely, the least favorable outcomes were observed in samples prepared with strawberry tree honey and eucalyptus honeydew honey at both substitution levels. Therefore, the different behavior observed among all honey-enriched gluten-free breads was likely attributable to the distinct botanical origins of honey rather than to the substitution percentages employed.
Selection of Reference Genes of Flower Development in Ludisia discolor
Authors: Gao Rui , He Wenyan , Zhu Wen-Tao , Zhao Xuewei , Chen Chen , Wu You , Wu Shasha , Zhai Jun-Wen , Liu Zhong-Jian
Published: September 2024

Background: RT-qPCR is a powerful strategy for recognizing the most appropriate reference genes, which can successfully minimize experimental mistakes through accurate normalization. Ludisia discolor, recognized for its ornamental value, features little, distinctive blossoms with twisted lips and gynostemium showing chiral asymmetry, together with striking blood-red fallen leaves periodically marked with golden blood vessels. Methods and Results: To ensure the accuracy of qRT-PCR, selecting appropriate reference genes for quantifying target gene expression levels is essential. This study aims to identify stable reference genes during the development of L. discolor. In this study, the entire floral buds, including the lips and gynostemium from different development stages, were taken as materials. Based upon the transcriptome information of L. discolor, nine housekeeping genes, ACT, HIS, EF1-α1, EF1-α2, PP2A, UBQ1, UBQ2, UBQ3, and TUB, were selected in this research study as prospect interior referral genes. The expression of these nine genes were found by RT-qPCR and afterwards comprehensively examined by four software options: geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and ΔCt. The outcomes of the analysis showed that ACT was the most steady gene, which could be the most effective inner referral gene for the expression evaluation of flower advancement in L. discolor. Conclusions: The results of this study will contribute to the molecular biology research of flower development in L. discolor and closely related species.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Gallbladder Masquerading as Complicated Cholecystitis: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Bahrou Najib , Cherif El Khalil , Abdennebi Salaheddine , Khedid Yahya Zain Al Abidine , El Absi Mohamed , Echarrab El Mahjoub , Elounani Mohamed , El Hassan El Alami El Faricha
Published: September 2024

In summary, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the gallbladder, although rare, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman with no previous medical history, with SCC discovered during complicated cholecystitis with cholangitis, treated by palliative chemotherapy, underscoring the difficulty in early detection and the poor prognosis associated with advanced-stage diagnosis. Treatment options are limited, with palliative chemotherapy often being the primary recourse for unresectable tumors. Gallbladder cancers, including SCC, share risk factors with adenocarcinomas, but their distinct histopathological features and clinical presentations warrant careful consideration. Despite recent advancements in treatment modalities, including adjuvant therapy, optimal management strategies remain elusive, highlighting the need for further research to improve outcomes for patients with this aggressive malignancy.
The Prevalence of Chronic Interosseous Membrane Lesions Following Mason II and III Radial Head Fractures in Complex Elbow Instability—A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Giannicola Giuseppe , Di Sante Luca , Corsi Giulia , Zoccali Carmine , Prigent Sebastien , Cinotti Gianluca , Sessa Pasquale
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The primary aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of chronic lesions of the central band of the interosseous membrane (cbIOM) in complex elbow instability (CEI) in a consecutive series of patients who had previously undergone surgical treatment for Mason II and III radial head (RH) fractures. The secondary aim was to define its clinical significance. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on a prospective database. Our study population comprised 93 patients affected by CEI with type II or III RH fractures according to Mason’s classification who were analyzed in the chronic setting. All patients were treated according to the current therapeutic algorithms. At the last follow-up, the “muscular hernia sign” was investigated by means of a bilateral ultrasonographic examination to assess any chronic cbIOM lesions; the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was used to evaluate the clinical significance of these lesions. Results: All 93 patients were assessed after a mean time of 7.3 years (range: 2–12). No positive “hernia signs” were found, while five patients (5.4%) displayed an increased laxity of the cbIOM when compared with the contralateral side despite a negative “hernia sign”. The clinical outcome in all five patients was excellent with a mean MEPS of 96 (range, 90–100). Conclusions: Chronic cbIOM lesions are very rare in CEI with RH fractures. No patients in this large sample displayed a cbIOM complete lesion; in cases with increased laxity, satisfactory mid-term clinical results were observed. Considering that previous studies reported (1) a high prevalence of cbIOM lesions in patients with Mason II and III RH fractures and (2) the current expert opinion about the scarce healing potential of the cbIOM, this study also suggests that the IOM may heal better than previously believed when RH fractures are treated appropriately in the acute setting.
Assessment of General Population Understanding and Awareness of Drug Addiction before and after a Health Educational Campaign in Taif City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alzahrani Mohammad S. , Alotaibi Huriyyah A. , Alhumayani Shahad M. , Aljuaid Hadeel F. , Alghamdi Refah S. , Althobaiti Yusuf S.
Published: September 2024

Objectives: An awareness campaign was carried out in Taif City to increase awareness about substance abuse and its dangers. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the campaign in enhancing the study participants’ awareness and knowledge about drug addiction. Methods: Using pre- and post-campaign surveys, we assessed the campaign’s impact on participants’ understanding of drug addiction. The survey included demographic items, followed by 12 items for awareness, rated on a 5-point Likert scale, with the total scores ranging up to 60. Results: A total of 146 visitors, with a mean age of 33.4 years (SD = 9.2), completed both the pre- and post-questionnaires. Notably, in the post-campaign, 47.3% of the participants acknowledged the risk of IV drug-related infections, a substantial increase from 28.1% from the pre-campaign. Overall, the mean total awareness score increased significantly, from 47.4 (SD = 6.6) pre-campaign to 50.4 (SD = 6.4) post-campaign (paired t = −4.052, p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of such campaigns to significantly improve understanding and awareness of drug addiction.
Association between Multi-Domain Lifestyle and Objective Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People with SCD and MCI in Chinese Communities
Authors: Sun Yuqin , Zhang Ruifen , Mao Zhiqun , Yin Jiajun , Zhou Yuanyuan , Wu Yue
Published: September 2024

Objectives: Controlling the lifestyle associated with dementia risk can delay the process of cognitive decline. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are early states in the development of dementia and are also the window period for early intervention in dementia. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between multi-domain lifestyle and objective cognitive impairment in elderly people with SCD and MCI in Chinese communities and to provide reference for effective implementation of precise health management measures to reduce the risk of dementia. Methods: A total of 265 middle-aged and elderly volunteers recruited from the community were divided into SCD group (107 cases), MCI group (80 cases), and healthy control (HC) group (78 cases). All participants received clinical interview, examination, and cognitive assessments. Results: The total Dementia Risk Reduction Lifestyle Scale (DRRLS) scores in the HC, SCD, and MCI groups [110.00 (11.25) vs. 101.00 (10.00) vs. 79.50 (20.75)] exhibited statistically significant differences among them. The total score of the DRRLS showed a significant negative correlation with the Trail-Making Test (TMT), and significant positive correlations with both the Verbal Fluency Test (VFT) and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) scores (p < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, such as age and years of education, multiple linear regression analysis revealed several points. In the SCD group, brain-strengthening exercise and interpersonal relationship scores were negatively correlated with TMT scores (β = −11.257, −15.077; all p < 0.05), while health responsibility, smoking control behavior, and interpersonal relationship scores were positively correlated with AVLT scores (β = 0.485, 0.344, and 0.406; all p < 0.05). In the MCI Group, brain-strengthening exercise, brain-healthy diet, and interpersonal relationship were negatively correlated with TMT (β = −22.011, −16.206, −11.696; all p < 0.01), whereas health responsibility, mental activity, smoking control behavior, interpersonal relationship, and stress management were positively correlated with AVLT (β = 0.450, 0.435, 0.308, 0.256, 0.607; all p < 0.05). Conclusions: In Chinese communities, the unhealthy lifestyle of elderly individuals with SCD and MCI is significantly associated with cognitive function impairment. The greater their unhealthy lifestyle habits, the more pronounced the scope and severity of cognitive function impairment becomes. Furthermore, different dimensions of lifestyle have varying impacts on cognitive domains.
The Effectiveness of Nonpharmacological Interventions in the Management of Chemotherapy Physical Side Effects: A Systematic Review
Authors: Di Mattei Valentina Elisabetta , Perego Gaia , Milano Francesca , Gatti Francesca
Published: September 2024

Background: Despite advancements in cancer treatment, chemotherapy side effects significantly impact patients both physically and emotionally. While pharmacological treatments can mitigate these side effects, they may trigger additional side effects, exacerbating the overall discomfort experienced by patients; moreover, psychological factors influencing physical symptoms are beyond the reach of pharmacological interventions. Nonpharmacological interventions, however, offer the potential for complementary or alternative solutions. Objectives: This review aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of the literature on the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions in managing the physical side effects of chemotherapy. Methods: This review, based on a search of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases, identified 46 relevant studies. It categorizes interventions and evaluates their effectiveness in managing common chemotherapy side effects (fatigue, nausea, pain, diarrhea, and constipation). Results: Guided imagery, tailored exercises, and Qigong show promise in reducing fatigue, while interventions like yoga and cognitive-behavioral approaches address nausea and vomiting. Pain benefits result from guided imagery and educational interventions. Limited evidence exists for diarrhea and constipation interventions, necessitating further research. Conclusions: This review offers provisional conclusions, emphasizing the potential of integrating evidence-based nonpharmacological approaches alongside pharmacological interventions to enhance patient outcomes and reduce chemotherapy-induced side effects, considering factors such as accessibility, safety, customization, and adaptability in clinical settings.
The Influence of Heritage on the Revealed Comparative Advantage of Tourism—A Worldwide Analysis from 2011 to 2022
Authors: Bacsi Zsuzsanna
Published: September 2024

A country’s development is crucially determined by its cultural and natural heritage, and it is reflected in its industrial structure and its success in the global marketplace. The present paper looks at the global performance of tourism, comparing its performance measured by the Normalised Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) index to the components of natural and cultural heritage, analysing 117 countries of the world. Natural and cultural heritage indicators were derived from the tourism competitiveness reports of the World Economic Forum for the years 2011–2013–2015–2017–2019–2022. Panel regression analysis was applied, with NRCA as the dependent variable and eight indicators of natural and cultural heritage as independent variables, comparing regions of the world. The main findings show considerably differing patterns between regions; Europe and Eurasia being similar to the Americas, with decreasing competitive advantage associated with more focus on endangered species and observance of environmental treaties, while the Middle East and North Africa show a strongly opposite pattern. Cultural heritage has a positive impact only in Sub-Saharan Africa, while Asia and the Pacific benefit mainly from the increase of protected areas and abundance of species. These differences shed light on differences in tourism competitiveness in the global market and may guide policymakers towards utilising heritage items for improving tourism performance.
Harnessing Vernacular Knowledge for Contemporary Sustainable Design through a Collaborative Digital Platform
Authors: Dipasquale Letizia , Ammendola Jacopo , Montoni Lucia , Ferrari Edoardo Paolo , Zambelli Matteo
Published: September 2024

Vernacular architecture offers valuable technological and typological solutions rooted in knowledge systems that connect environmental, social, economic, and cultural contexts. This paper introduces the Heritage for People Platform, a collaborative digital tool developed under the VerSus+ project (Creative Europe Program), aimed at organising and disseminating vernacular architectural knowledge with a focus on sustainable practices that are both culturally and environmentally conscious. The platform builds upon lessons learned from similar projects, offering key improvements such as the adoption of a Case-Based Reasoning methodology, which organises examples by geographic location, materials, and intervention types. A structured classification system based on sustainability principles and strategies enables cross-disciplinary research and comparison. The design process was highly participatory, incorporating user feedback at every stage to ensure the platform is accessible to a wide range of users, including designers, scholars, craftspeople, and the general public. A cross-device, user-centered approach further broadens its accessibility. The platform provides a public, web-based geospatial repository where users can create, update, and explore a dynamic collection of artefacts, design models, people, and institutions from across the globe. This tool marks a significant advance in promoting and preserving both physical and intangible heritage, with strong educational and practical applications for sustainable architecture. The paper details the theoretical framework and real-world potential of the platform as a critical resource for promoting sustainability in the built environment.
The Biological and Genetic Mechanisms of Fruit Drop in Apple Tree (Malus × domestica Borkh.)
Authors: Starkus Aurelijus , Morkūnaitė-Haimi Šarūnė , Gurskas Tautvydas , Misiukevičius Edvinas , Stanys Vidmantas , Frercks Birutė
Published: September 2024

The apple tree (Malus × domestica Borkh.) belongs to the Rosaceae. Due to its adaptability and tolerance to different soil and climatic conditions, it is cultivated worldwide for fresh consumption. The priorities of apple growers are high-quality fruits and stable yield for high production. About 90 to 95 percent of fruits should fall or be eliminated from apple trees to avoid overcropping and poor-quality fruits. Apple trees engage in a complex biological process known as yield self-regulation, which is influenced by several internal and external factors. Apple buds develop in different stages along the branches, and they can potentially give rise to new shoots, leaves, flowers, or fruit clusters. The apple genotype determines how many buds will develop into fruit-bearing structures and the capacity for yield self-regulation. Plant hormones such as ethylene, cytokinins, auxins, and gibberellins play a crucial role in regulating the fruit set, growth, and development, and the balance of these hormones influences the flowering intensity, fruit size, and fruit number on the apple tree. Apple growers often interfere in the self-regulation process by manually thinning fruit clusters. Different thinning methods, such as by hand, mechanical thinning, or applying chemical substances, are used for flower and fruit thinning. The most profitable in commercial orchards is the use of chemicals for elimination, but more environmentally sustainable solutions are required due to the European Green Deal. This review focuses on the biological factors and genetic mechanisms in apple yield self-regulation for a better understanding of the regulatory mechanism of fruitlet abscission for future breeding programs targeted at self-regulating yield apple varieties.
Daily Temperatures and Child Hospital Admissions in Aotearoa New Zealand: Case Time Series Analysis
Authors: Lai Hakkan , Lee Jeong Eun , Harrington Luke J. , Ahuriri-Driscoll Annabel , Newport Christina , Bolton Annette , Salter Claire , Morton Susan , Woodward Alistair , Hales Simon
Published: September 2024

The influence of global climate change on temperature-related health outcomes among vulnerable populations, particularly young children, is underexplored. Using a case time series design, we analysed 647,000 hospital admissions of children aged under five years old in New Zealand, born between 2000 and 2019. We explored the relationship between daily maximum temperatures and hospital admissions across 2139 statistical areas. We used quasi-Poisson distributed lag non-linear models to account for the delayed effects of temperature over a 0–21-day window. We identified broad ICD code categories associated with heat before combining these for the main analyses. We conducted stratified analyses by ethnicity, sex, and residency, and tested for interactions with long-term temperature, socioeconomic position, and housing tenure. We found J-shaped temperature–response curves with increased risks of hospital admission above 24.1 °C, with greater sensitivity among Māori, Pacific, and Asian compared to European children. Spatial–temporal analysis from 2013–2019 showed rising attributable fractions (AFs) of admissions associated with increasing temperatures, especially in eastern coastal and densely populated areas. Interactive maps were created to allow policymakers to prioritise interventions. Findings emphasize the need for child-specific and location-specific climate change adaptation policies, particularly for socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Is Not Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Firefighters: A Cross-Sectional Study in South African Firefighters
Authors: Moselakgomo Tebogo Jenniffer , Muluvhu Takalani Clearance , Phaswana Merling , Shaw Ina , Shaw Brandon S.
Published: September 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are frequently reported among firefighters, yet no studies have compared these factors between male and female firefighters, specifically from a low- to middle-income country (LMIC). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CVD risk factors and their relationship with cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) in 254 active career firefighters (mean age: 42.6 ± 7.8 years). The assessments included anthropometry, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and VO2max. The results indicated that 48.0% and 51.8% of females and males were pre-hypertensive, respectively. Hypertension was identified in 15.8% of the firefighters. According to body mass index (BMI), 37.3% of males and 25% of females were found to be overweight, while an additional 44.9% of males and 45.7% of females were classified as obese. Only 17.3% of males and 18.2% of females were found to be of normal weight. These findings were corroborated by categories of central obesity using waist circumference (WC), which were 47.7% for males and 41.6% for females. Low HDL-C was found in 95.2% of males and 86.4% of females, with 28.3% of males also having elevated triglyceride levels (TG). VO2max was “excellent” in 48.8% of males and 12.6% of females, though it had no significant association with most CVD risk factors. The only notable link was a small correlation between VO2max and triglycerides (r = −0.215; p = 0.001). These findings suggest that while cardiorespiratory fitness may have no impact, additional factors likely contribute to the cardiovascular health of firefighters, necessitating the need for comprehensive health and fitness programmes.
Statistical Modeling of Football Players’ Transfer Fees Worldwide
Authors: Poli Raffaele , Besson Roger , Ravenel Loïc
Published: September 2024

Professional football clubs invest vast amounts of money in the recruitment of players. This article presents the latest advances in statistical modeling of the factors that market actors take into consideration to determine the transfer prices of professional football players. It extends to a global scale the econometric approach previously developed by the authors to evaluate the transfer prices of players under contract with clubs from the five major European leagues. The statistical technique used to build the model is multiple linear regression (MLR), with fees paid by clubs as an independent variable. The sample comprises over 8000 transactions of players transferred for money from clubs worldwide during the period stretching from July 2014 to March 2024. This paper shows that a statistical model can explain up to 85% of the differences in the transfer fees paid for players. Despite the specific cases and other possible distortions mentioned in the discussion, the use of a statistical model to determine player transfer prices is thus highly relevant on a global scale.
Improved Population Mapping for China Using the 3D Building, Nighttime Light, Points-of-Interest, and Land Use/Cover Data within a Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression Model
Authors: Lei Zhen , Zhou Shulei , Cheng Penggen , Xie Yijie
Published: September 2024

Large-scale gridded population product datasets have become crucial sources of information for sustainable development initiatives. However, mainstream modeling approaches (e.g., dasymetric mapping based on Multiple Linear Regression or Random Forest Regression) do not consider the heterogeneity and multiscale characteristics of the spatial relationships between influencing factors and populations, which may seriously degrade the accuracy of the prediction results in some areas. This issue may be even more severe in large-scale gridded population products. Furthermore, the lack of detailed 3D human settlement data likewise poses a significant challenge to the accuracy of these data products. The emergence of the unprecedented Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) data package offers a possible solution to this long-standing challenge. Therefore, this study proposes a new Gridded Population Mapping (GPM) method that utilizes the Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model in conjunction with GHSL-3D Building, POI, nighttime light, and land use/cover datasets to disaggregate population data for third-level administrative units (districts and counties) in mainland China into 100 m grid cells. Compared to the WorldPop product, the new population map reduces the mean absolute error at the fourth-level administrative units (townships and streets) by 35%, 51%, and 13% in three test regions. The proposed mapping approach is poised to become a crucial reference for generating next-generation global demographic maps.
Characterization of Neutrophil Functional Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Translational Feline Model for COVID-19
Authors: Gunasekara Sachithra , Tamil Selvan Miruthula , Murphy Chelsea L. , Shatnawi Shoroq , Cowan Shannon , More Sunil , Ritchey Jerry , Miller Craig A. , Rudd Jennifer M.
Published: September 2024

There is a complex interplay between viral infection and host innate immune response regarding disease severity and outcomes. Neutrophil hyperactivation, including excessive release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is linked to exacerbated disease in acute COVID-19, notably in hospitalized patients. Delineating protective versus detrimental neutrophil responses is essential to developing targeted COVID-19 therapies and relies on high-quality translational animal models. In this study, we utilize a previously established feline model for COVID-19 to investigate neutrophil dysfunction in which experimentally infected cats develop clinical disease that mimics acute COVID-19. Specific pathogen-free cats were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 (B.1.617.2; Delta variant) (n = 24) or vehicle (n = 6). Plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissues were collected at various time points over 12 days post-inoculation. Systematic and temporal evaluation of the kinetics of neutrophil activation was conducted by measuring markers of activation including myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), and citrullinated histone H3 (citH3) in SARS-CoV-2-infected cats at 4 and 12 days post-inoculation (dpi) and compared to vehicle-inoculated controls. Cytokine profiling supported elevated innate inflammatory responses with specific upregulation of neutrophil activation and NET formation-related markers, namely IL-8, IL-18, CXCL1, and SDF-1, in infected cats. An increase in MPO-DNA complexes and cell-free dsDNA in infected cats compared to vehicle-inoculated was noted and supported by histopathologic severity in respiratory tissues. Immunofluorescence analyses further supported correlation of NET markers with tissue damage, especially 4 dpi. Differential gene expression analyses indicated an upregulation of genes associated with innate immune and neutrophil activation pathways. Transcripts involved in activation and NETosis pathways were upregulated by 4 dpi and downregulated by 12 dpi, suggesting peak activation of neutrophils and NET-associated markers in the early acute stages of infection. Correlation analyses conducted between NET-specific markers and clinical scores as well as histopathologic scores support association between neutrophil activation and disease severity during SARS-CoV-2 infection in this model. Overall, this study emphasizes the effect of neutrophil activation and NET release in SARS-CoV-2 infection in a feline model, prompting further investigation into therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating excessive innate inflammatory responses in COVID-19.
Candidate Genes Associated with Survival Following Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Infection in Chickens
Authors: Drobik-Czwarno Wioleta , Wolc Anna , Petal Callie R. , Miedzinska Katarzyna , Dekkers Jack , Fulton Janet E. , Smith Jacqueline
Published: September 2024

Highly pathogenic strains of avian influenza (HPAI) devastate poultry flocks and result in significant economic losses for farmers due to high mortality, reduced egg production, and mandated euthanization of infected flocks. Within recent years, HPAI outbreaks have affected egg production flocks across the world. The H5N2 outbreak in the US in 2015 resulted in over 99% mortality. Here, we analyze sequence data from chickens that survived (42 cases) along with uninfected controls (28 samples) to find genomic regions that differ between these two groups and that, therefore, may encompass prime candidates that are resistant to HPAI. Blood samples were obtained from survivors of the 2015 HPAI outbreak plus age and genetics-matched non-affected controls. A whole-genome sequence was obtained, and genetic variants were characterized and used in a genome-wide association study to identify regions showing significant association with survival. Regions associated with HPAI resistance were observed on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11, 15, 20, and 28, with a number of candidate genes identified. We did not detect a specific locus which could fully explain the difference between survivors and controls. Influenza virus replication depends on multiple components of the host cellular machinery, with many genes involved in the host response.
The Impact of Developmental and Metabolic Cues on Cytoophidium Formation
Authors: Zhang Yuanbing , Liu Ji-Long
Published: September 2024

The cytoophidium, composed mainly of CTP synthase (CTPS), is a newly discovered dynamic filamentous structure in various organisms such as archaea, bacteria, and humans. These filamentous structures represent a fascinating example of intracellular compartmentation and dynamic regulation of metabolic enzymes. Currently, cytoophidia have been proven to be tightly regulated and highly dynamic, responding rapidly to developmental and metabolic cues and playing a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In this review, we would like to discuss in detail the characteristics, mechanisms, functions, and potential applications of this conservative but promising organelle.
Proinflammatory Microenvironment in Adenocarcinoma Tissue of Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Todorović Slobodan , Ćeranić Miljan S. , Tošković Borislav , Diklić Miloš , Mitrović Ajtić Olivera , Subotički Tijana , Vukotić Milica , Dragojević Teodora , Živković Emilija , Oprić Svetlana , Stojiljkovic Miodrag , Gačić Jasna , Čolaković Nataša , Crnokrak Bogdan , Čokić Vladan P. , Đikić Dragoslava
Published: September 2024

Cancer-promoting proinflammatory microenvironment influences colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We examined the biomarkers of inflammation, intestinal differentiation, and DNA activity correlated with the clinical parameters to observe progression and prognosis in the adenocarcinoma subtype of CRC. Their immunohistology, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR analyses were performed in the adenocarcinoma and neighboring healthy tissues of 64 patients with CRC after routine colorectal surgery. Proinflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling as well as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and S100 protein levels were upregulated in adenocarcinoma compared with nearby healthy colon tissue. In contrast to nitrotyrosine expression, the oxidative stress marker 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was increased in adenocarcinoma tissue. Biomarkers of intestinal differentiation β-catenin and mucin 2 (MUC2) were inversely regulated, with the former upregulated in adenocarcinoma tissue and positively correlated with tumor marker CA19-9. Downregulation of MUC2 expression correlated with the increased 2-year survival rate of patients with CRC. Proliferation-related mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling was activated, and Ki67 frequency was three-fold augmented in positive correlation with metastasis and cancer stage, respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrated a parallel induction of oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in adenocarcinoma tissue that was not reflected in the neighboring healthy colon tissue of CRC. The expansiveness of colorectal adenocarcinoma was confirmed by irregular intestinal differentiation and elevated proliferation biomarkers, predominantly Ki67. The origin of the linked inflammatory factors was in adenocarcinoma tissue, with an accompanying systemic immune response.