bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Review on Policy of Special Allocation Fund for Road Sector in 2015-2019
Authors: Azaki Naufal , Lutfi Achmad
Published: July 2023

Regulation is one of the critical instruments for implementing a policy. State regulations function at least to provide legal certainty, guidelines/instructions, frameworks, and limitations of program/policy implementation. The special allocation fund is an intergovernmental transfer for financing road infrastructure under the local government authority and aligned with national priorities. This study aims to analyze the regulatory framework that governs the implementation of this capital grant for the road sector by taking the 2015-2019 timeframe. The research is qualitative and uses a normative juridical method through a statute approach using primary material in the form of laws and regulations related to the 2015-2019 capital grants for the road sector. The results showed several regulatory incompleteness, discrepancies in content both horizontally and vertically, and weaknesses in legal blanket for monitoring and evaluation. This study recommends strengthening the harmonization of regulations to ensure no inconsistencies or contradictions. Furthermore, the study also emphasizes the importance of conducting regulatory review considering that the long-term development planning (RPJPN) of 2025-2045 is being drafted so that such precedents of disharmonization do not occur anymore.
Institutionalized Rent-Seeking: The Case of Sugar Imports at the Indonesia-Malaysia Land Border
Authors: Hendro Benediktus , Subarsono Agustinus , Lele Gabriel , Ratminto Ratminto
Published: July 2023

This article explored the rent-seeking phenomenon in sugar imports at the Indonesia-Malaysia land border. The rent-seeking phenomenon in sugar imports involves many actors interested in importing sugar for business purposes. This study is intriguing because interest actors conduct rent-seeking through regulatory loopholes controlled by the bureaucracy on the border of the two countries. Therefore, this study focused on the actor's strategy to realise sugar imports through rent-seeking practices. This article applied the Rational Choice Institutionalism (RCI) theory as an analytical framework. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach in data collection, this article found that sugar imports for business purposes involve two networks of interest groups, namely communal networks and associational networks. These interest group networks import sugar for business purposes through rent-seeking practices. As a form of actor's choice of action, rent-seeking is a strategy in responding to obstacles and incentives from formal institutions to maximise profits from the reality of the gap in the sugar trade at the border. The variations in the strategies of interest actors in the two sugar import periods (2011-2014 and 2015-2018) have shown that rent-seeking is a form of a rational choice institution created within an institutional framework. This investigation suggests a review of the formal institutional structure, which is the rule of the game in sugar imports because reality demonstrates that formal institutional structures can become an arena of rent-seeking that interest actors exploit
SISTEM INFORMASI INVENTARIS DI SDN 4 SUMBERANYAR
Authors: Mahfudoh Ummil , Fatah Zaehol
Published: July 2023

Sistem pencatatan inventaris DN 4 Sumberanyar dilakukan secara manual yaitu dengan mencatat pada buku inventaris dengan tangan melalui pena, kemudian direkap dalam buku inventaris khusus. Lalu dimasukkan data inventaris tersebut kedalam microsoft exel yang berada di laptop milik sekolah, tidak mempunyai salinan surat jika surat tersebut hilang karena tergantung pada sebuah laptop sekolah saja, dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama dalam melakukan pencarian data. Dengan adanya sistem ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kemudahan dan efektif dalam mengawasi barang insventaris yang dimiliki SDN 4 Sumberanyar, memberikan rekapitulasi laporan secara real time dan akurat.
Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pelatihan Kerja Pada UPT Pelatihan Kerja Situbondo Berbasis Web
Authors: Arifin Miftahul , Helmi Fauzi
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas manajemen pelatihan kerja dengan mengimplementasikan teknologi informasi. Sistem informasi yang dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan berbasis web, yang memungkinkan aksesibilitas yang lebih baik bagi peserta pelatihan, instruktur, dan administrator. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah metode Waterfall. Tahapan dalam pengembangan sistem meliputi analisis kebutuhan, perancangan sistem, implementasi, pengujian, dan pemeliharaan. Berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan, fungsi-fungsi utama sistem termasuk manajemen instruktur, dan pelaporan. Implementasi sistem informasi manajemen pelatihan kerja berbasis web ini diharapkan dapat  meningkatkan akurasi dan keterjangkauan informasi mengenai pelatihan kerja. Selain itu, sistem ini juga diharapkan dapat membantu pengambilan keputusan yang lebih efektif bagi administrator. Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan kontribusi dalam pengembangan teknologi informasi di bidang pelatihan kerja dan dapat dijadikan acuan bagi UPT Pelatihan Kerja Situbondo atau lembaga serupa dalam mengoptimalkan manajemen pelatihan kerja. Penggunaan sistem informasi berbasis web diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan pelatihan kerja dan memperkuat peran UPT Pelatihan Kerja Situbondo dalam mendukung peningkatan keterampilan dan kesempatan kerja bagi masyarakat
Aplikasi Smart Inventory System Menggunakan Framework CodeIgniter di Toko Sumber Barokah Kraksaan
Authors: Wijaya Andi
Published: July 2023

Sumber Barokah Kraksaan store sells various types of staples as well as other household needs. However, currently Sumber Barokah Stores do not yet use a computerized system so that managing stock and sales data takes a long time, as well as financial reports that are sometimes felt to be inaccurate to store owners because they still use conventional methods, namely recording in books. Shop owners often make mistakes in recording goods that have been sold, resulting in errors when ordering the next item, which results in excess stock and costs of procuring the wrong goods, causing losses for the shop owner. Monitoring goods data automatically using the ROP and ROQ methods. The research method used is the Research and Development method and the system development model uses the Prototype method. The resulting application can make it easier for store owners to monitor goods and inventory, and also make it easier to find out the results of income reporting analysis at Sumber Barokah stores, as well as make it easier for shop owners to transact with customers.
Aplikasi Prancangan Sistem Informasi monitoring Prestasi Akademik Siswa
Authors: Nisyak Helyatin
Published: July 2023

SMA Ibrahimy berada di bawah naungan Pondok pesantren Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo Situbondo yang merupakan pondok pesantren yang berskala besar dengan jumlah santri sekitar 20.000 orang. Saat ini teknologi yang dapat dimanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin untuk membantu manusia diterapkan baik melakukan pemantauan terhadap suatu objek yang berada pada lokasi jarak jauh, maupun membantu manusia memonitor secara spesifik peristiwa atau kondisi yang hendak diantisipasi. Oleh karena itu, penulis akan membangun sebuah aplikasi Prancangan Sistem Informasi monitoring Prestasi Akademik Siswa untuk membantu wali kelas, siswa serta orang tua atau wali siswa dalam pengaksesan informasi perkembangan proses belajar siswa dalam pengontrolan nilai dan keseharian siswa. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah untuk terbentuknya sebuah system yang saling terhubung antara pihak sekolah dan orang tua siswa dengan system monitoring prestasi akademik siswa akan menjadi lebih baik dan siswa akan selalu terpantau perkembangannya.
SISTEM INFORMASI PENDISTRIBUSIAN PUPUK BERSUBSIDI BERBASIS WEB
Authors: Zuhriyah Sholehatus , Saleh Taufik , Yunita Irma , Prasetyo Jarot Dwi
Published: July 2023

Dinas Tanaman Pangan, Hortikultura da Perkebunan Kab. Situbondo merupakan sebuah organisasi perangkat daerah yang menangani urusan pertanian di Kab.Situbondo. Salah satu program kerjanya adalah dengan melayani petani yang ingin mendapatkan bantuan pupuk bersubsidi. Penetapan kebutuhan dan harga sudah ditetapkan oleh keputusan menteri. Hal ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penyal pupuk bersubsidi. Pengolahan data pada pendistribusian pupuk bersubsidi masih menggunakan aplikasi Microsoft Word  & Microsoft Excel  sehingga dapat menimbulkan terjadinya penumpukan data yang menyebabkan terlambatnya pembuatan laporan karena sulitnya mendapatkan informasi dalam waktu cepat. Untuk membantu meminimalisir kekurangan tersebut maka perlu dirancang suatu Sistem Informasi Pendistribusian Pupuk Bersubsidi Berbasis Web. Metode yang digunakan dalam sistem ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode waterfall dengan melalui 5 tahapan diantaranya analisis, desain, pengkodean, pengujian dan supporting. Bahasa pemrogrman yang digunakan pada sistem ini adalah menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Hypertext Prepocesor dan database MySQL. Sistem yang dibangun dapat  memberikan informasi dengan cepat, tepat & akurat serta mempercepat pembuatan laporan jika laporan diperlukan bagi pihak-pihak yang membutuhkan.
Legal Review Concerning Amputed Authority of DPR and DPD in The Process of Regional Propagation in Indonesia
Authors: Putra L. M Ricard Zeldi , Dewi Indah Kusuma , Ernawati Ernawati , Ayu Muthmainna Waode Novita , Mashendra Mashendra , Jayanto Jayanto
Published: July 2023

Article 38 Paragraph (1) of Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government as amended by Law No. 9 of 2015 concerning the second Amendment to Law No. 23 of 2014 concerning Local Government is contrary to Article 20A Paragraph (1), Article 21 and Article 22D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. Where the proposal for regional expansion proposed by Governor is takeover of authority. In the 1945 Constitution has been regulated in a limitative manner the authority given to the DPR and DPD institutionally the power to form the law and give authority to the President to submit a draft law. Author examines legal analysis of the authority of the DPR and DPD in the process of regional expansion. Type of research is normative research and qualitative descriptive form. The authority of the DPR and DPD in the process of regional expansion as regulated has been constitutionally harmed, namely the right to submit a draft law related to regional expansion and participate together to discuss the draft law which results in the process of regional expansion cannot be submitted by the DPR and DPD which has a legislative function.
Improving the Competence of State Civil Apparatus in the Vuca Era
Authors: Ismawaty Andi
Published: July 2023

Indonesia is facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0 which affects aspects of human life. This era is often characterized by the condition of VUCA, which stands for Volatility (turbulence), Uncertainty (uncertainty), Complexity (complex), and Ambiguity (unclear). The importance of increasing competence in the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) and the impact of the VUCA era will also be increasingly felt. with the aim that ASN with qualified leadership qualities. This research is intended to provide management recommendations to improve the professionalism of ASN. This type of research is qualitative (doctrinal). Qualitative normative research is intended to formulate the basic problems being faced by using a measurable analytical knife. The results of this paper are recommendations for succession management which are suggested to be implemented in government agencies as well as the work culture of ASN in the future by obtaining appropriate cadres of leaders in facing the challenges of changing eras.
Local Government Policies in Determination Development Impact Area Spatial Plan New Country Capital
Authors: Murjani Murjani , Sagama Suwardi , Saparuddin Muhammad
Published: July 2023

The state capital will be moved from Jakarta to East Kalimantan. The buffer zone for the new State Capital must prepare early for the presence of the State Capital. There will be a new development, population migration, job competition, transport overcrowding, and air pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to know the legal policies issued by the buffer zone of the new State Capital in determining the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) and the factors that influence it. Normative legal research method by using a positive legal system to get a juridical answer. As a result, the buffer zone of the state capital has not issued a legal policy on the RTRW in dealing with the new state capital. There are other policies issued, for example, the North Penajam Paser Regency issued regent regulation number 22 of 2019 concerning Supervision and Control of Land Sale/purchase Transactions/Transfer of Land Rights. The issuance of the RTRW legal policy can become the legality of development carried out by local governments and the prevention of legal actions, both violations, and crimes.
The Role of the Saber Extortion Task Force (Sweeping Illegal Charges Task Force) In The Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption
Authors: Jupri Jupri , Ilyas A. ST Kumala , Rais Suardi , Rusmulyadi Rusmulyadi , Saharuddin Saharuddin
Published: July 2023

Indonesia is still classified as a country that is in a position of corruption based on the results of the release of Transparency International Indonesia. Even in cases of criminal acts of corruption have reached remote areas. To suppress this rate, the central government to the regions then formed a Task Force for Sweeping Illegal Charges (Satgas Saber Extortion). Has a role to take action against and prevent the occurrence of criminal acts of corruption in the community. This study aims to determine the role of Saber Pungli in eradicating corruption. The research method used is normative-empirical legal research. The results of the study show that Saber Pungli is not yet optimal in carrying out corruption eradication work in the regions.
Nominee Arrangement Practices Performed by The Government of The Republic of Indonesia
Authors: Kusuma Andy Putra
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyze the synchronization of the Law on the Prohibition of Nominee Practices and Nominee Arrangements carried out by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. This type of research is a normative juridical research by examining and synchronizing data sourced from legal principles and regulations as well as court decisions. The method of data collection is done by studying literature such as regulations, books, documents or other writings that support this research. The collected data was then analyzed qualitatively and comprehensively using data analysis methods. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of the law to the parties who practice nominee has not been implemented optimally and thoroughly. As a form of Government attention to investment activities, the Government of the Republic of Indonesia has been explicitly regulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies (UUPT) and Law Number 25 of 2007 concerning Investment (UUPM) regarding the prohibition of nominee practices in any form. And the legal consequences of the nominee's practice are null and void. However, in its implementation.
The Nature of Binci-Binciki Kuli (Norma) of The Government of The Sultanate of Buton
Authors: Suhartono Rizki Mustika , Ermawati Ermawati
Published: July 2023

This research was conducted to determine the nature of Binci-binciki kuli (norms) in the Government of the Sultanate of Buton, this study used normative research that used library data or primary legal materials and secondary legal materials as well as tertiary legal materials. The results of this study indicate that the essence of Binci-binciki kuli (norms) of the government of the Sultanate of Buton contained in the Binci-binciki Kuli philosophy (pinch each other will feel pain) is formally listed in the Seven Dignity Constitution. It is recommended to preserve the value  of the government of the Sultanate of Buton which are contained in the Binci-binciki Kuli philosophy (pinch each other will feel pain), which contains the principles of equality, equality and justice.
Estimation Study of Multicomponent Stress-Strength Reliability Using Advanced Sampling Approach
Authors: HASSAN Amal , ELSHAARAWY Rasha , NAGY Heba
Published: July 2023

In this study, we analyze a multicomponent system with v independent and identical strength components X1,…, Xv and each of these components is exposed to a common random stress Y. The system is considered to be operating only if at least u out of v (1 u  v) strength variables exceed the random stress. The estimate of the system reliability is investigated, assuming the strength and stress random variables follow the exponentiated exponential distribution having different shape parameters. The maximum likelihood estimator for the system reliability is derived from ranked set sampling (RSS), neoteric RSS (NRSS), and median RSS (MRSS). Some accuracy measurements, such as mean squared errors and efficiencies, are used to examine the behaviour of various estimates. Simulation studies demonstrate that the NRSS scheme's reliability estimates are chosen above those of the others under the RSS and MRSS schemes in the majority of situations. Theoretical research is explained through real data analysis.
Urdazubi eta Zugarramurdiko euskararen norabidea
Authors: Montoya Estibalitz
Published: July 2023

Urdazubi eta Zugarramurdiko hizkeraren norabidea erakustea izan da ikerlan honen helburua. Muga harremanak, gaztelera eta frantsesaren eragina eta aldaera diastratikoak aztertu ondoren, bi herri hauetako euskara Ipar Euskal Herriko hizkeretatik aldentzen ari dela ikusi dugu. Aldi berean, euskara batueraren eskutik, besteak beste, erdialdeko hizkeretara hurbiltzeko joera gero eta nabarmenagoa da urdazubiar eta zugarramurdiarren artean.
Pueblo Viejo de Caparroso, campaña de 2022
Authors: Zuza Astiz Carlos , Zuazúa Wegener Nicolás
Published: July 2023

En la campaña de 2022 se ha comenzado a abrir la denominada área n.º 3 del sitio arqueológico del Pueblo Viejo de Caparroso. Tomando los datos extraídos de la campaña precedente, se ha abierto una zona donde poder mostrar el urbanismo medieval de este singular yacimiento.
THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL SECURITY GOVERNANCE
Authors: Tudor Andreea-Loredana
Published: July 2023

The international system is constantly changing, and the phenomenon of globalization is a reality embraced by all participants on the world stage. Amongst the countless facilities felt both at the individual, national and even international level that have resulted from the phenomenon of globalization, insertions of negative consequences have permeated the world order. The complexity and diversity of interactions between the various subjects of international law have accelerated the emergence and spread of phenomena that threaten the security of individuals and the international system.
However, in the current context, the security of the international system is threatened in several areas, which seems to have instilled fear among individuals and shaken the current world order. The failure of multilateralism, the ineffectiveness of global governance and the lack of active involvement of the international scene's representative actors are just some of the grievances voiced by both political leaders and citizens of the main players in the international system. But is it legitimate for international organizations to intervene to solve current problems, despite the principle of non-intervention? What is the place of national sovereignty in a context of international crisis?
This paper seeks to analyze from a political-legal perspective the action and importance of global governance in the context of current international crises. Moreover, the paper aims to study the question of the legitimacy of the action of international organizations in relation to the prerogatives established by the member states.
THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY EDUCATION TOWORDS GENDER EQUALITY
Authors: Makiishi Takiko , Takahashi Mitsuru
Published: July 2023

Achieving gender equality is a social issue common not only to developing countries but also to developed countries. How can this gender inequality be overcome, and what role can community education play in it? This is precisely the question addressed in this paper.
This paper reviews the situation of women in Japan from the perspective of inequality. Japan reveals that it is a country with large inequalities in labor and political and social participation. The role of education in this transformative practice is debated. In addition, We will introduce what kind of abilities are required and what kind of educational practice is necessary to realize them, based on practical examples. Three conclusions are pointed out.
First, this case study demonstrates that participants have the ability to independently create their own learning. At the same time, however, it points out that it is essential to participate and learn in practice.
Second, formal learning opportunities up to college did not develop this ability.
Third, learning to overcome discrimination is not a matter of individual knowledge or ability, but a collaborative effort, and through participation in collaborative activities, we can solidify our own views and ways of thinking.
ELUCIDATION OF EDUCATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PAINTING APPRECIATION
Authors: Takahashi Mitsuru , Makiishi Takiko
Published: July 2023

What kind of educational significance does the appreciation of paintings have? In order to answer this question, it is important to answer what and how visitors are learning in the painting appreciation. Neuroscientific research is important. However, while brain function mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows us to understand which part of the brain processes the specific stimulus of viewing a painting, what kind of stimulus is transformed to what kind of recognition cannot be answered. Therefore, in addition to measuring brain activity, we will attempt to comprehensively understand the aesthetic experience using a questionnaire method. The following points were clarified as a result of the investigation.
1. By measuring brain activity as activity in the left and right frontal lobes, we clarified that �dialogue'' may lead to more creative understanding possibilities than �alone'' or �explanation''.
2. We must also recognize the role of the experience and knowledge that the visitor has, as well as the newly added knowledge.
3. Explanary style facilitates the subject's understanding, but at the same time, it entails the risk of restricting the frame of recognition, so it is necessary to take more adequate intervention methods.
THE ITALIAN PROVINCE AND THE AVANT-GARDE IN ART. THE CASE OF FROSINONE AND THE �CONTROAVANGUARDIA�
Authors: Benvenuto Melissa
Published: July 2023

Introduction: The present research takes shape from the increasingly strong need to methodically probe the facts, the creators, the productions, the exhibitions and the editorial and press activities in the period between 1958 and 1968 in the province of Frosinone.
Materials and Methods: The analysis is made by comparing the phenomenon under study within the broader national scenario. The importance of the topic lies in the dynamics of development that it assumes in close relation to the changed social values and customs of 1968 (Sessantotto) and how these represent the reasons underlying the dissolution. [5].
Discussion: In addition to focusing on the favorable socio-cultural moment in which the Italian province was experiencing in those years, the elements that favored its genesis are analysed. It is an opportunity to summarize the most significant artistic episode that took place in the Frosinone area and the sociological aspects that formed the background to the flowering of the lively Controavanguardia (Counter-avant-garde) in the aforementioned decade. [4].
Conclusions: The fervent cultural phenomenon not only as an artistic movement, but also as one of opinion, has recently returned to the center of a certain interest on the part of scholars. The discrete bibliography and the new sources available which the archive of the movement leader, the artist Michele Rosa, have proved to be invaluable.
FROM ANATOMY TO ART. GENOESE PAINTINGS IN THE LATE RENAISSANCE
Authors: Leandri Gaia , Sunnucks David
Published: July 2023

From the early 15th century, anatomical knowledge was considered fundamental to artists and even architects. Not only medically trained scientists, but also artists found a primary source of inspiration in the human body, directly investigating it under cover of the night or, later on, in public dissections. Direct observation, �to see with one�s eyes� � as states the original meaning of the Greek word autopsia � was fundamental to Renaissance artists. The body, standardized in its dimensions and used as a measurement reference, was rationalised in geometrical forms and masses in order to shape the space. The increasingly evolving study of human anatomy in the scientific field allowed artists to explore not only its structure but also its movement. From �The Fall of the Giants� by Perino del Vaga to the works of Luca Cambiaso, the Genoese art in the 16th century shows the innovative force of the Renaissance art and is a remarkable example of how the understanding of the human body allows the artist to model complex anatomical positions that create an almost architectural scenography.
GIAN CARLO RICCARDI�S SCULPTURE: BRIEF PSYCHOLOGICAL REFLECTIONS ON �ROOMS�
Authors: Tomassoni Rosella , Coccarelli Valentina , Spilabotte Francesco
Published: July 2023

This research aims to study the sculptures and installations of the Italian multimedia and avant-garde artist Gian Carlo Riccardi (1933-2015). Our psychological study will particularly consider the �rooms�, installations created by the artist with simple objects and recycled materials such as paper, cardboard, plexiglass and predominantly iron and wood using the logic of the ready-made. The artist's sculptures and installations are constructed and represented through painted and coloured walls depicting abstract representations and through the use of everyday objects. This work intends to show how the contemporary artist Gian Carlo Riccardi, through his �rooms�, wants to immortalise the central moments of his life through the recovery of memory, dream and play, directly involving the observer by establishing an active dialogue with the work. As a result, this research shows how Gian Carlo Riccardi's installations are works of public Art because they are able to create a direct and participatory relationship between the installations, the contexts in which they are located and the viewers, who are provoked and involved in the realisation of the artistic work.
THE POLITICS-IMAGE INTERSECTION: PAOLO GIOVIO AND THE TEXTUAL TRACEABILITY OF SYMBOLIC MEANING IN IMAGES
Authors: Xu Kun
Published: July 2023

During the Renaissance, symbolic art flourished, and emblems were an important sort of emblem during this time period. Dialogo dell� Imprese Militari et Amorose, Paolo Giovio (1483-1552)�s work on emblems, was written during the development of the chronicle of his book Historiarum (1550-1552). It is an important aspect of the establishment of Giovio�s system of historiographical thought and aims to establish a model for the display of iconic pictures. The Dialogo is of tremendous relevance in cross-field studies due to the fact that it is an important work in the fields of both image studies and history studies. This paper will argue that Giovio�s writing does not stop at the symbolic description and interpretation of images, but rather borrows the functional features of the emblematic vehicle to symbolize the characters, and will attempt to further discuss the interpretive dimension of iconography through the use of Dialogo. The purpose of this paper is to link the perspective of image interpretation with the perspective of historiographical analysis. This argument will be presented through Dialogo.
ANNA BOLENA BY FELICE ROMANI: THE LIBRETTO AND ITS SOURCES
Authors: Dima Gabriela E.
Published: July 2023

Author of almost one hundred libretti for opera composers of the first half of the 18th century, Felice Romani has perfected a poetry technique that allows a successful combination of music and verse, thus becoming the favourite librettist of the belcanto authors Donizetti and Bellini. His stories are not original, but he masters the ability to adapt his sources in a light yet potent poetry with a strong impact upon the audience. Anna Bolena, put into music by Gaetano Donizetti, presents the tragic story of Henry VIII�s second wife. The sources of the libretto are generally considered to be two almost forgotten tragedies: Anna Bolena by Alessandro Pepoli (Venice, 1788) and Enrico VIII ossia Anna Bolena by Giovanni Pindemonte (Torino, 1816), actually an adaptation of Marie Joseph de Chenier�s tragedy, Henri VIII (1791). After carrying out a thorough analysis of the three texts, we noticed that Romani�s plot is only partially based on the earlier tragedies while some elements he introduces suggest that he must have had other sources as well. At the same time, he surpasses his predecessors in the construction of the characters, giving them psychological depth. As a result, we can conclude that Romani is only partially tributary to the two sources and succeeds in proposing a personal view on the subject he elaborates for Donizetti.
PSYCHOLOGY AND LITERATURE: THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF ZENO BY ITALO SVEVO
Authors: Tomassoni Rosella , Benvenuto Melissa , Lungu Monica Alina
Published: July 2023

The present work aims to address the role that psychology plays within literary works starting from a "critical" reading aimed at understanding and recognizing the psychological and in some works also psychopathological traits present within the texts. Our goal will be to present the conscious and unconscious aspects of the various characters and identify the reasons that prompted the author to create and analyze certain psychological issues and certain environmental situations. The methodology that will be used will mainly be that indicated by Professor Antonio Fusco which aims and which tends to enhance the contribution of the Author's conscious Ego, of the emotional centers and of the unconscious contents of the mind following in part the line of the psychiatrist Silvano Arieti who in one of his main works illustrates the concept of �tertiary thinking� and sees it as a synthesis of unconscious, endoceptual and conceptual elements [1]. The aspects that will allow you to better understand the facets of a literary work will be reading, knowledge of the author's biography and identifying with the characteristic features of the characters. On the relationship between mind, art, literature and psychoanalysis over time we have had numerous contributions from not only Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, but also many other authors. Just think of the various writers who have dealt with very important psychological and psychoanalytic themes through their novels; in the present work we will limit our attention to a psychological investigation of the work Zeno's conscience by Italo Svevo. Through the analysis of the characters and their inner life, it will be our task to be able to make the reader identify completely with the life described by the authors of the literary works. In this perspective, the psychologist will try to work alongside the traditional literary critic with the sole propose of providing a further humble investigative contribution. In conclusion, it can be said that the thread that binds psychology to many literary works is very thin.
THE CONFLICT BETWEEN ENERGY AND URIZEN.
BLAKE�S ALIENATED REASON AS THE SOURCE OF OPPRESSION IN THE HUMAN MIND AND IDENTITY
Authors: Dimitrakopoulou Georgia
Published: July 2023

In my paper, the version of Urizen�s creation and existence particularly refers to/concerns the contrast/conflict between energy and reason. In Blake�s mythological system, Urizen is a false God which represents the distortion of truth and concerns the pragmatic, unspiritual apprehension, and appreciation of the mundane world as a creation of falsity which must be accepted by humans in order to survive, to secure life and multiply. Urizen creates and lives in an alienated and enslaving realm, a distorted mental state which is detached from God�s truth. Personified in Urizen, the human reason is false consciousness and derives from impure energy. Urizen is an abstraction of the human self. It is the �holy� God of pragmatism in real life.
The [First] Book of Urizen presents Blake�s ideas about human error, false consciousness and its aftermaths. The book is an exposition of man�s slavery to a false God and miscommunication with divinity. Miscommunication is the result of reason�s interpolation, suppressed desires and illusory delight. Los, the universal man, the eternal prophet is a false prophet who must acquire true consciousness and humane identity. The estranged, isolated, and false human self must realize his self-delusion and renounce this false God, so as to embrace truth and authenticity. Consequently, believing in this false God man is not an artist and his mundane work has no quality and value. Art, which is communication, is distorted by the human urizenic, false identity. Reason, the reasoning power, rationalization is unable to shape life artistically because Urizen, as a false God hinders genuine creation.
Art is an internal discourse of active communication which is based on pure energy and intellectual beauty. Urizen has no position in this discourse because it disrupts the artistic vision and produces false art. Urizen represents inartistic ugliness. It is the representation of error, the devourer and degraded intellect. Urizen is considered Blake�s negative aesthetic and represents the aesthetic category of the ugly. It is also Blake�s aesthetic realism, the �negative sublime� of his aesthetic vision and stands in juxtaposition with his aesthetic idealism. Thus, in Blake�s aesthetics there are two different aspects of the sublime, its negative and positive forms. Urizen being Blake�s negative aesthetic, is a separate category which juxtaposes with the �Sublime of Imagination� and completes his aesthetic vision. Although aesthetic realism is necessary to offer a complete depiction of Blake�s sublime, it is not the vision of beauty and spirituality. Nevertheless, it is essential to supplement Blake�s aesthetics.
CLIMATE CRISIS: ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR THROUGH WORDS?
Authors: Neagu Mariana
Published: July 2023

The present paper deals with one of the world�s most pressing problems, climate change or, more realistically put �climate crisis�, debated at the conference known as COP26 that took place at Glasgow, at the beginning of November, 2021. This global summit (also referred to as the �planet saving� summit) attended by 200 countries was seen as crucial if climate change is to be brought under control. Opening this conference, the British Prime Minister at that time, Boris Johnson, said the world is �at one minute to midnight on that doomsday clock and we need to act now.�
The aim of the study is to analyse how metaphors, analogies and cultural allusions in Boris Johnson�s address can contribute (or not) to conveying and reinforcing ideas and thoughts, changing attitudes and behaviours. The research questions relate to the role of contextual factors that may explain the shaping of a personal style that sometimes has been labelled as �strangely unsuited to the grave occasion and to his non-British audience�. Thus, one of the issues to be addressed is �to what extent is the understanding of a text dependent upon a particular cultural background?�
The theoretical framework for the analysis has been provided by Zoltan Kovecses [1] book, published in 2015, �Where metaphors come from?�, as well as Ritva Leppihalme�s [2] 1997 work on allusions. Equally useful for climate change communication was Anne Armstrong, Marianne Krasny and Jonathon Schuldt (2018) who explain the greenhouse effect: gases in the atmosphere such as CO2, nitrous oxide, and methane trap heat radiated from the earth just as the panes of a greenhouse trap the sun�s heat.
COMPULSORY ATTENDANCE ORDER AS A REHABILITATION SENTENCE FOR SYARIAH OFFENDERS
Authors: Md Abdul Salam Nur Zulfah , Abdul Wahab Norazla , Mohamad Dahalan Hammad
Published: July 2023

Syariah criminal proceedings in the Syariah Court are carried out through the provisions specified in the respective state's criminal procedure statute. State Syariah courts in adjudicating syariah criminal cases in Malaysia will impose punishment on offenders based on the rate and form of punishment that has been stated in the Jurisdiction of Syariah Courts Jurisdiction (Amendment 1965) Act or Act 355. The punishments imposed are fines, flogging and imprisonment. However, there is no practice of rehabilitative punishment given to offenders due to the ambiguity in the existing legal provisions. The provisions of the law only detail the rehabilitation or alternative punishment given to young offenders according to the age level of the young offender stated in the respective state statutes. As a measure to overcome the ambiguity, the government has now enacted the Compulsory Attendance Order Guidelines (PKW) as one of the alternatives to rehabilitative punishment. The implementation of this sentence will give space to offenders to serve their sentence outside of prison through the PKW that will be implemented. This study uses a qualitative methodology that uses semi-structured interview methods and refers to scientific writings, journals and books related to the discussion. The results of the study are focused to collect a finding on the implementation of Compulsory Attendance Order (PKW) as one form of rehabilitative punishment in sharia crimes that is in line with the concept of rehabilitative punishment in sharia criminal legislation in Malaysia.
EMPLOYING SOCIAL MEDIA BASED WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE (WTC) MODULE IN ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL INSTRUCTION
Authors: Abu Bakar Anna Lynn , Din Wardatul Akmam , Swanto Suyansah , Gabda Darmesah
Published: July 2023

Having a sense of willingness to communicate (WTC) in the 2nd language (L2) is one of the important factors in improving ESL students’ speaking skills. WTC model is used as an indicator for successful English learning outcome. This study looks at the impact of the employment of WTC on ESL students’ speaking skill by integrating the employment of social media applications in a digital English-Speaking classroom setting. This study employs multi-methods approach using purposive sampling technique involving questionnaire responses of 421 students to identify successful WTC strategies to be integrated in the module; a pre- and post-test to look at impact of the module and focus group interview of 17 pre-university students to investigate their opinion on the module. The findings of the study revealed that students’ WTC were very much influenced by the use of social media applications in a digital classroom. The interview data also showed that students were more engaged and had higher WTC when social media applications were used. These findings are seen as valuable input especially to English language instructors in integrating social media applications in their teaching and learning in order to engage and increase their WTC in English in the classroom.
LEADERSHIP SYSTEM OF SEMELAI ORANG ASLI IN SUNGAI LUI ORANG ASLI VILLAGE, JEMPOL
Authors: Mohd Mokhtar Ros Aiza , Mohad Abd Hakim , Mokhtar Saifulazry , Abd Rahim Sabariah , Aliasah Mohammad Wazir Shafie
Published: July 2023

The Semelai are a proto-Malay Orang Asli tribe settled around Negeri Sembilan and Pahang, Malaysia. Their settlements in Negeri Sembilan are in Sungai Lui Orang Asli Village and Sungai Sampo Orang Asli Village in Jempol. A few of their number also settled in some areas in Bera, Pahang. A majority of this community still adhere to ancestral faiths, although some have converted to Islam since the 1990s. This paper will discuss the leadership system practiced in Semelai society as well as the role and function of leader (called as Tok Batin) in this society. This study uses the qualitative approach through data collection via interviews with key informants in Sungai Lui Orang Asli Village, Jempol. The data are later analysed through a descriptive interpretive method. The research found that the leadership system in this community is a combination of traditional and modern style because it has been inherited from their ancestors and at the same time is also tied to the modern system introduced by the Department of Development of Orang Asli. In this regard, Tok Batin has a great role including being the representative of the Department of Development of Orang Asli in the village administration as well as being a reference and problem solver in matters of community customs and social matters.
UNVEILING THE ROLE OF THE LEADER OF THE FEDERATION OF MALAYA IN ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF SINGAPORE (1961-1963)
Authors: Esa Mohd. Sohaimi , Ationg Romzi , Mokhtar Saifulazry , Othman Irma Wani , Che Mat Azman
Published: July 2023

After independence, the leaders of the Federation of Malaya government paid attention towards the realization of the idea of Malaysia. The leader of the federal government was led by the leadership of Tunku Abdul Rahman-Tun Abdul Razak. The idea involved three regions, namely the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak. However, efforts to realize the idea raise several issues that need to be addressed by the leaders of the Federation of Malaya government in a wise and wise manner. The issues also involved all the regions or states involved, including Singapore. Thus, this paper will discuss the role played by the leaders of the Federation of Malaya government in addressing the Singapore issue to resolve the turmoil so that this idea can be implemented successfully. The approach in this study is qualitative by using historical disciplines based on primary and secondary sources. The study period began from May 1961 to September 1963 as this period had great significance in the formation of the Federation of Malaysia. The findings found that there were several issues involving Singapore such as British colonial strategic interests, addressing Communist threats, political problems and racial composition. Nevertheless, the issues faced were successfully resolved when Singapore became part of the Federation of Malaysia which was declared on 16 September 1963.
UNVEILING TUN MOHD SAID KERUAK'S CONTRIBUTION IN POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SABAH, MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohd. Said Saidatul Badru , Esa Mohd. Sohaimi , Ali Ismail , Mokhtar Saifulazry , Othman Irma Wani
Published: July 2023

Tun Mohd. Said Keruak is a native of Sabah who was born in Kg. Kota Belud and has involved in the political arena in Malaysia, especially in the state of Sabah. As a key character in Sabah politics, Tun Mohd. Said Keruak have played a significant role in the political development of this state. However, the discussion about the significance of Tun Mohd. Said Keruak's contribution. in the political development of Sabah remain limited among local or international scholars. This in turn made the general understanding of that aspect is remain inappropriate. For this reason, this paper presents an explanation on the contribution of Tun Mohd. Said Keruak in the political development of Sabah. Qualitative methods which refer to various secondary sources and interviews with selected respondents was used to obtain the intended information by focusing on the contribution of Tun Mohd. Said Keruak in Sabah's political development according to the timeline since Tun he was in Kg. Kota Belud until he occupied the Istana Negeri as the Tuan Yang Terutama (TYT). This paper found that Tun Mohd. Said Keruak as a person with a background in village life and cultural values have contributed significantly to the political development of Sabah.
TRACING THE LEADERSHIP AND CHARACTER OF SYEIKH TAHIR JALALUDDIN AS A LEADER: AN ANALYSIS
Authors: Mokhtar Saifulazry , Thia Kasoma , Othman Irma Wani , Zaini Mohd Syafiq , Adam Sharifah Darmia Sharif
Published: July 2023

The personality of morality and the height of knowledge are the main indicators for a leader. Leaders who do not have these qualities will certainly not be able to govern an organization well and excellently. The strengths and weaknesses of leadership in an organization lie on the shoulders of a leader. The leadership and integrity of a leader should be used as a guide to the present preacher to preserve the success of the dakwah. Hence, this study was conducted to look at the background of Syeikh Tahir Jalaluddin as a scholar with leadership qualities and character as a leader. In addition, the study also looked at the areas that he had mastered as well as the writing works, he had produced. This study uses the method of document analysis by referring to scientific articles as well as books written by scholars about him. The results of this study found that Syeikh Tahir Jalaluddin is a scholar who has a high level of knowledge especially in the field of religion, m the embrace of courage and perseverance, be assertive and straightforward, be ready to be reprimanded and dissuaded by others as well as the influence of his friends and students. By possessing such qualities, he is certainly a great fit to be a role model and follow in his leadership landscape and character. Therefore, leaders now need to have strong leadership qualities before being appointed as a leader so that their appointment as a leader will not be disputed.
TRANSFORMATION LEADERSHIP THEORY ACCORDING TO ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE: AN ANALYSIS
Authors: Mokhtar Saifulazry , Thia Kasoma , Ationg Romzi , Ahmad Mohd Khairi Lebai , Mohad Abd Hakim , Abd Rahim Sabariah
Published: July 2023

The transformational leadership theories of Burn 1978, Bass 1985, Leithwood 1994 and Slocum and Hellriegel 2007 are often used as indicators for a leader especially in the organizational leadership landscape. Transformational leadership is seen as ideal for replacing transactional leadership practices as it can transform their organizational structure from centralized control systems, absolute hierarchy power practices, significant status differences between the levels of authority as well as decision-making processes that are top-down ' where the leader has the absolute power to make decisions without subordinate involvement. The frequency of its implementation in the leadership of the organization attracts researchers to see if the theory of transformational leadership is in line with the demands of syarak? Hence, this study is carried out to look at the theory of transformational leadership according to the Islamic perspective whether it coincides with the requirements of syarak or otherwise. This study uses a document analysis method where the researcher refers to the study of literature related to transformational leadership as well as looking at it according to the Islamic perspective by focusing on the main source of reference in Islam which is the Quran and al-Sunnah. The findings showed that the theory of transformational leadership such as individual consideration, charismatic leadership, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation are in line with the will of Islam. However, the understanding and emphasis of this leadership theory is not fully linked to religious values but is based on the experience and thoughts of the original creator of the theory of leadership. This study hopes that the application of the theory of transformational leadership should be embroidered with the requirements of syarak so that the administrative pattern of a leader will receive blessings and blessings in this world and the hereafter.