bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiologie bösartiger Tumoren der Speiseröhre in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung der histologischen Typen
Authors: Kraywinkel Klaus , Buttmann-Schweiger Nina
Published: February 2020

Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden erstmals für Deutschland Inzidenz- und Überlebensraten für die beiden wesentlichen Formen des Speiseröhrenkarzinoms präsentiert, basierend auf den Daten der bevölkerungsbezogenen Krebsregister. Für beide Geschlechter ist seit 1999 ein Anstieg der altersstandardisierten Inzidenzraten der Adenokarzinome zu erkennen, während die Raten für Plattenepithelkarzinome (SCC) bei Frauen stagnieren und bei Männern zuletzt rückläufig sind. Zuletzt (2016) überwogen in Deutschland die Adenokarzinome mit 3340 Fällen gegenüber 3030 Plattenepithelkarzinomen. Knapp jede fünfte (Adeno-Ca.) bzw. jede dritte Neuerkrankung (SCC) trat bei Frauen auf. Die Verteilung der Tumorstadien war für beide Formen bei Frauen etwas günstiger als bei Männern, für das Plattenepithelkarzinom lagen auch die relativen Überlebensraten für Frauen höher. Auch unabhängig vom Tumorstadium wiesen Adenokarzinome eine etwas günstigere Prognose auf, dies galt vor allem im frühen Stadium (UICC I). Über 10 Jahre haben sich die relativen 5‑Jahres-Überlebensraten um 4,1 (Adeno-Ca.) bzw. 2,0 Prozentpunkte (SCC) verbessert.
Three-dimensional growth: a developmental innovation that facilitated plant terrestrialization
Authors: Moody Laura A.
Published: February 2020

One of the most transformative events in the history of life on earth was the transition of plants from water to land approximately 470 million years ago. Within the Charophyte green algae, the closest living relatives of land plants, body plans have evolved from those that comprise simple unicells to those that are morphologically complex, large and multicellular. The Charophytes developed these broad ranging body plans by exploiting a range of one-dimensional and two-dimensional growth strategies to produce filaments, mats and branches. When plants were confronted with harsh conditions on land, they were required to make significant changes to the way they shaped their body plans. One of the fundamental developmental transitions that occurred was the evolution of three-dimensional growth and the acquisition of apical cells with three or more cutting faces. Plants subsequently developed a range of morphological adaptations (e.g. vasculature, roots, flowers, seeds) that enabled them to colonise progressively drier environments. 3D apical growth also evolved convergently in the brown algae, completely independently of the green lineage. This review summarises the evolving developmental complexities observed in the early divergent Charophytes all the way through to the earliest conquerors of land, and investigates 3D apical growth in the brown algae.
Quality criteria/key components for high quality of diabetes management to avoid diabetes-related complications
Authors: Rothe Ulrike , Manuwald Ulf , Kugler Joachim , Schulze Jan
Published: February 2020

Aim

The aim of this review shoud be to map data and to identify quality indicators for good practices for diabetes management and secondary prevention, specifically of type 2 diabetes.

Methods

To achieve this aim we performed the following steps: (i) a literature review on evaluation criteria, (ii) selection of quality criteria and key components for high quality of care, (iii) creation of a checklist to identify the best practice of diabetes management based on the detected criteria.

Results

The literature search about the quality indicators for diabetes care resulted in the following: identifying of key components and quality indicators for structure, process and outcome quality.

Conclusions

The set of quality criteria will be discussed and used to identify the best practice diabetes management programs for secondary prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Policies for inventory models with product returns forecast from past demands and past sales
Authors: Chou Mabel C. , Sim Chee-Khian , Yuan Xue-Ming
Published: February 2020

Finite horizon periodic review backlog models are considered in this paper for an inventory system that remanufactures two types of cores: buyback cores and normal cores. Returns of used products as buyback cores are modelled to depend on past demands and past sales. We derive an optimal inventory policy for the model in which returns are forecast to depend on past demands, and analyze properties of the optimal cost and optimal policy we derived. As the structure of the optimal inventory policy for the model in which returns are forecast from past sales is unlikely to be tractable, we instead consider a feasible inventory policy with a nice structure for this model. We investigate how close this policy is to optimality and find that in the worst case, the difference in system costs between the feasible policy and the optimal inventory policy is bounded by a constant that is dependent only on cost parameters, mean demands and a discount factor, and is independent of the planning horizon and initial inventories. We also perform numerical experiments to study the difference between system costs under the feasible policy and those under the optimal policy.
Hydrogen sorption capacity of crystal lattice defects and low Miller index surfaces of copper
Authors: Lousada Cláudio M. , Korzhavyi Pavel A.
Published: February 2020

The effect of hydrogen on the physical–chemical properties of copper is directly dependent on the types of chemical bonding between H and lattice defects in Cu. In this work, we performed a systematic study of the bonding of H-atoms with crystal lattice defects of copper. This included three types of symmetric tilt grain boundaries (GBs), Σ3, Σ5 and Σ11, and the low Miller index surfaces, (111), (110) and (100). A comparison with literature data for the bonding of H-atoms with point defects such as vacancies was done. From the defects investigated and analyzed, we conclude that the bond strength with H-atoms varies in the decreasing order: surfaces [(111), (110) and (100)] > vacancy > Σ5 GB > Σ11 GB > bulk ≈ Σ3 GB. A study on the effects of the fcc lattice expansion on the binding energies of H-atoms shows that the main driving force behind the segregation of H-atoms at some GBs is the larger volume at those interstitial GB sites when compared to the interstitial bulk sites.
The prevalence of altered body image in patients with primary brain tumors: an understudied population
Authors: Rowe Lindsay , Vera Elizabeth , Acquaye Alvina , Crandon Sonja , Shah Veeraj , Bryla Christine , Wu Jing , Wall Kathleen , Siegel Christine , Reyes Jennifer , Penas-Prado Marta , Leggiero Nicole , Cordova Christine , Burton Eric , Antony Ramya , Boris Lisa , Aboud Orwa , Vyas Yamini , Mathen Peter , Gilbert Mark , Camphausen Kevin , Mendoza Tito , Armstrong Terri
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Body image (BI) is an important issue for cancer patients, as patients with BI concerns are susceptible to depression, anxiety, difficulty coping, and poor quality of life (QoL). While this concern has been documented in patients with other malignancies, no data exists of this QoL issue in patients with primary brain tumors (PBT).

Methods

A cross-sectional survey of 100 PBT patients was conducted on an IRB approved prospective protocol using structured questionnaires. Participants completed the body image scale (BIS), Appearance Scheme Inventory Revised (ASI-R), MD Anderson Symptom Inventory Brain Tumor (MDASI-BT), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Depression, Anxiety, and Psychosocial Impact Positive measures.

Results

The prevalence of clinically significant body image dissatisfaction (BIS ≥ 10) was 28% (95% CI 19–37%), median BIS score was 5 (range 0–27). The median ASI-R composite score was 2.9 (range 1.5–4.7). BIS was significantly correlated with the ASI-R (r = 0.53, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.65). The mean PROMIS Depression score was 48.4 (SD = 8.9), PROMIS Anxiety score was 49.4 (SD = 9.9), and PROMIS Psychosocial Illness Impact Positive score was 48.9 (SD = 9.7). BIS was significantly correlated with age, and trended with BMI and sex. The PROMIS Psychosocial Illness Impact Positive and PROMIS Anxiety scores were the most strongly related to BIS.

Conclusions

This study, the first to explore altered body image in PBT patients, revealed clinically significant body image dissatisfaction in nearly 1/3 of patients, similar to other malignancies. These findings underscore the potential contribution of disease and treatment-related body image concerns on psychosocial wellbeing in patients with PBT.
Identification to species level of live single microalgal cells from plankton samples with matrix-free laser/desorption ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Baumeister Tim U. H. , Vallet Marine , Kaftan Filip , Guillou Laure , Svatoš Aleš , Pohnert Georg
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Marine planktonic communities are complex microbial consortia often dominated by microscopic algae. The taxonomic identification of individual phytoplankton cells usually relies on their morphology and demands expert knowledge. Recently, a live single-cell mass spectrometry (LSC-MS) pipeline was developed to generate metabolic profiles of microalgae.

Objective

Taxonomic identification of diverse microalgal single cells from collection strains and plankton samples based on the metabolic fingerprints analyzed with matrix-free laser desorption/ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Methods

Matrix-free atmospheric pressure laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometry was performed to acquire single-cell mass spectra from collection strains and prior identified environmental isolates. The computational identification of microalgal species was performed by spectral pattern matching (SPM). Three similarity scores and a bootstrap-derived confidence score were evaluated in terms of their classification performance. The effects of high and low-mass resolutions on the classification success were evaluated.

Results

Several hundred single-cell mass spectra from nine genera and nine species of marine microalgae were obtained. SPM enabled the identification of single cells at the genus and species level with high accuracies. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated a good performance of the similarity measures but were outperformed by the bootstrap-derived confidence scores.

Conclusion

This is the first study to solve taxonomic identification of microalgae based on the metabolic fingerprints of the individual cell using an SPM approach.
Neighborhood-Level Mass Incarceration and Future Preterm Birth Risk among African American Women
Authors: Sealy-Jefferson Shawnita , Butler Brittney , Price-Spratlen Townsand , Dailey Rhonda K. , Misra Dawn P.
Published: February 2020

While evidence for neighborhood effects on adverse birth outcomes is growing, no studies have examined whether living in a neighborhood impacted by mass incarceration is associated with preterm birth risk. We used modified Poisson regression to test whether residence in a neighborhood impacted by mass incarceration predicted future risk of preterm birth, among African American women. We linked data from the Justice Atlas of Sentencing and Corrections to survey and medical record data from the Life-course Influences on Fetal Environments study (n = 681). We also tested for effect modification by age and marital status. The association between prison admission expenditures and future risk of PTB varied by maternal age at birth, with younger women (< 35) having a modest increase in risk (relative risk (RR) 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99, 1.15), and older (35+ year old) women having lower risk (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.69, 1.07). The association between the number of prison admissions due to new court cases and future risk of PTB varied by marital status, with evidence that married women may be protected (RR 0.75; 95% CI 0.61, 0.92), while little evidence of association was observed among unmarried women (RR 1.02; 95% CI 0.80, 1.30). The association between residence in an area impacted by mass incarceration and future risk of PTB among African American women may vary by age and marital status. Future research to identify the mechanisms of these associations is warranted.
High-Cycle Mechanical Fatigue Performance of Sputtered Nitinol
Authors: Gugat J. L. , Bechtold C. , Chluba C. , Quandt E. , de Miranda R. Lima
Published: February 2020

This paper investigates the fatigue performance of Nitinol thin-film devices used in medical applications. Freestanding films are fabricated and structured by microsystem technology processes (magnetron sputtering, UV lithography and wet chemical etching). A test rig is developed to address the requirements of Nitinol thin-film samples in terms of force, stroke and precision and also allows the multiplication of test rigs due to its inexpensive components. Hence, several samples can be tested simultaneously at different parameters in order to obtain a thorough characterization within reasonable test duration. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to derive maximum principle strains of test specimen during cycling loading. Therefore, a superelastic, multiaxial material model with two different kinetic transformation mechanisms being capable of considering tension/compression asymmetry and temperature effects is realized and implemented using the FEA software Comsol Multiphysics. Good agreement between simulation and experimental tensile tests is shown. An excellent fatigue resistance with a high fatigue safety limit of 1.75% pulsatile strain amplitude for mean strains up to 2.5% with sputtered Nitinol diamond specimen is observed.
Influence of Solution Heat Treatment on the Microstructure, Hardness and Stress Corrosion Behavior of Extruded Resoloy®
Authors: Maier P. , Steinacker A. , Clausius B. , Hort N.
Published: February 2020

The microstructural changes and corrosion response of Resoloy®, a resorbable Mg-Dy-based alloy, are the focus of this study. Hardness, tensile and compressive, and bending tests are used to monitor the changes in the mechanical properties of this material. The corrosion behavior is investigated by stress corrosion of C-rings. Hot-extruded tubes are solution heat-treated at different temperatures and times. The as-extruded condition shows a homogeneous fine-grained microstructure with matrix long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structures. Heat treatment at low temperatures and for short times does not significantly change the microstructure but reduces the hardness. Solution heat treatment at relatively high annealing temperatures and long annealing times causes grain growth, resulting in reduced hardness. The microstructure becomes inhomogeneous, medium-sized grains grow, the matrix LPSO structures dissolve, and small bulk LPSO phases develop. The matrix LPSO structures have a positive effect on the corrosion behavior. In particular, the short-term annealing condition shows the most uniform corrosion morphology. Resoloy® is not free of pitting corrosion, but none of the samples fails by cracking.
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: first case detected in a Japanese breast cancer patient
Authors: Ohishi Yoko , Mitsuda Aki , Ejima Kozue , Morizono Hidetomo , Yano Tomoyuki , Yokoyama Masahiro , Takeuchi Kengo , Fujiwara Mutsunori , Nemoto Tetsuo , Minabe Toshiharu
Published: February 2020

This paper details the first breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) case detected in Japan. The patient, a 67-year-old Japanese woman, was diagnosed with left unilateral breast cancer 17 years ago. Induration and redness presented in the left breast, which had undergone immediate breast reconstructive surgery using a tissue expander, later replaced by a silicone breast implant (SBI). Breast ultrasound showed fluid collection around the SBI. Surgery was performed to remove the left breast implant and the fragmented capsule surrounding the implant. Postoperative pathological findings did not indicate malignancy. Nine months later, a contralateral axillary lymphadenopathy was observed, and an excisional biopsy of the axillary lymph node was performed. The patient was diagnosed with BIA-ALCL and successfully underwent adjuvant CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) chemotherapy.
The volumetric potential assessment of the oil shales of Tremembé Formation, Taubaté Basin, Brazil
Authors: Setta Fernanda , Bergamaschi Sérgio , Rodrigues René , Jones Cleveland , Chaves Hernani , Brito Marco , Pereira Egberto
Published: February 2020

This assessment of the volumetric potential of the oil shales of Tremembé Formation (Oligocene, Taubaté Basin, Brazil) was based on the sedimentological study of 2457 total organic carbon and 1007 Rock–Eval pyrolysis analyses of core samples from nine survey wells drilled in the central portion of Taubaté Basin. Along a 240-m-thick package in the upper part of Tremembé Formation, thirteen chemostratigraphic units with thicknesses varying from 10 to 35 m were identified. The upper interval (unit L), 30 m thick, exhibited the highest organic content and original generation potential and was thus studied in detail. In unit L, oil yield maps were constructed, seeking to identify the most attractive areas for industrially exploiting the oil shales, and volumetric calculations employing a probabilistic Monte Carlo method were conducted to quantify the potentially recoverable oil volume. Three exploratory scenarios based on yield values (S1 + S2) were considered for calculating the oil volumes, seeking to offer different exploratory scenarios for decision making. For the scenario that considered only average yields above 100 mg HC/g rock, the recoverable oil volume is 525 million bbl (P90) to 884 million bbl (P10); for the scenario that considered only average yields above 80 mg HC/g rock, the recoverable oil volume is 1.4 billion bbl (P90) to 2.6 billion bbl (P10); and for the scenario that considered only average yields above 60 mg HC/g rock, the recoverable oil volume is 3.6 billion bbl (P90) to 5.4 billion bbl (P10).
A model for calculating bottom-hole pressure from simple surface data in pumped wells
Authors: El-Saghier Rana M. , Abu El Ela Mahmoud , El-Banbi Ahmed
Published: February 2020

Bottom-hole flowing pressure and pump intake pressure (PIP) are important parameters to optimize the performance of oil wells. In recent years, downhole sensors are becoming widely used in electrical submersible pump systems to measure these pressures. However, it is still rare to use downhole sensors in sucker rod and progressive cavity pumped wells. In this study, two correlations were developed to calculate bottom-hole flowing pressure and PIP from readily available field data. The two correlations do not require measurements of buildup tests, but they rely on measuring the dynamic fluid level and estimating fluid gradient correction factor using either (1) the tubing gas flow rate or (2) the annular gas flow rate. Then, the PIP is calculated by the summation of either (1) the tubing pressure plus the tubing gaseous liquid column pressure or (2) the casing pressure, annular gas column pressure and the annular gaseous liquid column pressure. The correlations were developed using 419 field data points (389 points for training and 30 for testing) of wide range for each input parameter. Using the training data, the mean absolute percentage deviation (MAPD) between the calculated and measured PIPs is 25% and 20% for the first and second correlations, respectively. However, the testing data showed MAPD of 33% and 12% for the first and second correlations, respectively. The accuracy of these correlations is significantly higher than that of the previously available methods, and the correlations require simpler input. Such study is an original contribution to calculate the PIP with improved accuracy and without downhole pressures sensors.
Highways and Byways in the History of High Rate Mechanical Testing
Authors: Walley Stephen M.
Published: February 2020

Up until the Industrial Revolution, the dynamic mechanical properties of materials were only of importance in warfare, particularly after the powder-driven gun was invented. With the invention of the steam engine, the explosion of steam boilers (which is similar to the explosion of cannon) became a concern. When railways began to be built, the lack of knowledge of the dynamic properties of the iron alloys used in rails and railway bridges was understood to be a problem, but no way of measuring them was devised until the end of the nineteenth century. Ingenious mechanical (and later electromechanical) methods of recording signals onto rotating drums or moving smoked glass plates began to be developed from the middle of the nineteenth century onwards. Optical/photographic methods of recording information from dynamic experiments date from the 1890s. The rod-on-anvil technique (later named after Taylor) was developed in France at the beginning of the twentieth century but not mathematically analysed until the 1940s. The Hopkinson pressure bar was invented just before the start of the First World War and found to be useful in improving British artillery shells. It was then forgotten about until the Second World War when a two-bar version was developed for measuring the dynamic properties of soft materials such as explosives and polyethylene. As the story of high rate mechanical testing from about 1950 onwards is quite well known to the high rate testing community, this date is taken as the end point of this article.
The American Institute and the Problem of Interest Group Mobilization in Antebellum United States
Authors: ÖHMAN MARTIN
Published: February 2020

This article explores the formation and early history of the American Institute of the City of New-York, which in the 1830s became the leading lobby association of “friends of industry” in the United States. More specifically, the article considers how the institute’s officers sought to overcome obstacles of collective mobilization that had plagued earlier pro-industry associations. Pre–Civil War interest groups is an understudied area, and historians typically depict the years following in the Compromise of 1833 as a period essentially devoid of pro-industry agitation. However, it was in precisely in these years that friends of industry for the first time managed to obtain the resources necessary for sustained mobilization. Key to the American Institute’s success, this article argues, was the development of annual manufacturing fairs, events that provided steady revenue, strengthened internal cohesion, attracted new members, facilitated coordination with like-minded groups, and provided opportunities to engage in popular politics in an ordered manner.
FAMILY, NATION BUILDING, AND CITIZENSHIP: THE LEGAL REPRESENTATION OF MUSLIM WOMEN IN THE BAN AGAINST THE BIGAMY CLAUSE OF 1951
Authors: Aburabia Rawia
Published: February 2020

This article focuses on the representations and perceptions of Muslim Palestinian women as encapsulated by early Israeli legislation. The analysis is based on a close reading of the negotiations and discussions leading up to the criminalization of bigamy by the Israeli state and, in particular, those principal discussions surrounding the legislation of the Women's Equal Rights Law of 1951. Primary materials from the Israeli State Archives are used to reconstruct the debates in the Knesset, assess the legislation's intended effects on the Muslim Palestinian family, and trace the opposition to it fielded by the Palestinian religious leadership. The legislative process is dissected to expose the implicit and explicit patriarchal and nationalized underpinnings of the image of the “ideal family” fashioned by Israeli legislators. Despite their national divide, I argue, both the Israeli Knesset and the Muslim community leadership articulated women's roles in similarly distinctive national-patriarchal hues.
Propositional Attitudes as Commitments: Unleashing Some Constraints
Authors: Kazemi Alireza
Published: February 2020

In a series of articles, Asbjørn Steglich-Petersen and Nick Zangwill argue that, since propositional attitude (PA) ascription judgements do not behave like normative judgements in being subject toa priorinormative supervenience and the Because Constraint, PAs cannot be constitutively normative.1I argue that, for a specific version of normativism, according to which PAs are normative commitments, these arguments fail. To this end, I argue that commitments and obligations should be distinguished. Then, I show that the intuitions allegedly governing all normative judgements do not even purport to hold for commitment-attributing judgements.
Closure of India–Asia collision margin along the Shyok Suture Zone in the eastern Karakoram: new geochemical and zircon U–Pb geochronological observations
Authors: Pundir Shailendra , Adlakha Vikas , Kumar Santosh , Singhal Saurabh
Published: February 2020

New whole-rock geochemical analyses along with laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb zircon ages of the granite–rhyolite from the Karakoram Batholith, exposed along the Shyok Valley, NW India, have been performed to understand the timing and geochemical evolution of these magmatic bodies and their implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Karakoram Batholith. New geochronological data on granites and rhyolites along with previously published geochronological data indicate that the Karakoram Batholith evolved during Albian time (~110–100 Ma) owing to the subduction of Tethys oceanic lithosphere along the Shyok Suture Zone. This region witnessed a period of no magmatism during ~99–85 Ma. Following this, the Kohistan–Ladakh arc and Karakoram Batholith evolved as a single entity in Late Cretaceous and early Palaeogene times. Late Cretaceous (~85 Ma) rhyolite intrusions within the Karakoram Batholith show calc-alkaline subduction-related signatures with a highly peraluminous nature (molar A/CNK = 1.42–1.81). These intrusions may have resulted fromc. ~13.8 % to ~34.5 % assimilation of pre-existing granites accompanied by fractional crystallization during the ascent of the magma. The contamination of mantle wedge-derived melts with crust of the active continental margin of the Karakoram most likely enhanced the high peraluminous nature of the rhyolite magma, as has been constrained by assimilation fractional crystallization modelling. Two granite samples from the contact of the Shyok Metamorphic Complex and Karakoram Batholith indicate that the post-collisional Miocene magmatism was not only confined along the Karakoram Fault zone but also extends ~30 km beyond the Shyok–Muglib strand.
Future perspectives in addressing the global issue of vitamin D deficiency
Authors: Mendes M. M. , Charlton K. , Thakur S. , Ribeiro H. , Lanham-New S. A.
Published: February 2020

Vitamin D is a fundamentally critical nutrient that the human body requires to function properly. It plays an important role in musculoskeletal health due to its involvement in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus. Having a low level of vitamin D in the body may be detrimental for a wide range of health outcomes, including risk of osteoporotic and stress fractures, risk of CVD and some cancers, and lowering of the capability of the immune system. Vitamin D is an unusual nutrient; it is not a vitamin, in the true sense of the word but a pro-hormone. The main source of vitamin D is UV exposure, not dietary intake. Interestingly, there are two forms of vitamin D, vitamin D2and vitamin D3, both of which are metabolised into 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the liver, the biomarker of vitamin D status. Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health problem, especially amongst older people and ethnic minority groups. The newest publication from the UK Government's Public Health England Department recommends that vitamin D intake should be 10 μg daily and this recommendation compares well (albeit lower) with other guidelines such as the Institute of Medicine recommendation of 15 μg for those aged 1–70 years and 20 μg for those 70 years or over. Few countries, however, have a specific vitamin D policy to prevent deficiency in populations. Finland leads the way, demonstrating impressive results in reducing population-level vitamin D deficiency through mandatory food fortification programmes. Collaboration between academia, government and industry, including countries from varying latitudes, is essential to identify long-term solutions to the global issue of vitamin D deficiency. This paper provides a narrative review of the evidence related to the role of vitamin D deficiency in health outcomes, outlines controversies regarding setting levels of adequacy, identifies the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency across the globe, and identifies population-level strategies adopted by countries to prevent vitamin D deficiency.
Which measure of socioeconomic status best predicts bilingual lexical abilities and how? A focus on four-year-olds exposed to two majority languages
Authors: GATT Daniela , BALDACCHINO Roberta , DODD Barbara
Published: February 2020

This study evaluates the ability of different measures of socioeconomic status (SES) to predict lexical outcomes for preschoolers raised in a context of nationwide bilingualism. The participants were 58 children aged 3;11–4;3 from Maltese-dominant homes who attended state preschools. Receptive picture name judgement and picture naming, in Maltese and English, were employed to measure receptive and expressive lexical abilities, respectively. Lexical outcomes for four individual SES variables and a single composite SES measure were similar but not directly interchangeable. The composite SES variable emerged as most strongly predictive of children's lexical performance. Receptive judgement of phonological accuracy improved similarly in both languages with higher composite SES. Naming skills increased significantly in English but not in Maltese, suggesting differences in English input related to parental SES. A focus on SES in relation to lexical skills in two majority languages is novel and adds to current understanding of normative bilingual acquisition.
Successful thoracic duct embolisation in a child with recurrent massive pericardial effusion diagnosed as a lymphatic anomaly
Authors: Lee Jue Seong , Song Mi Kyoung , Hur Saebeom
Published: February 2020

A 29-month-old girl had idiopathic massive pericardial effusion for over 6 months. Lymphangiography was performed for chronic and recurrent pericardial effusion and pulmonary lymphangiectasia, suspected based on CT findings. Magnetic resonance lymphangiography revealed chylolymphatic reflux from a tortuously dilated thoracic duct in the mediastinum to the pericardial space, suggesting primary chylopericardium with lymphangiectasia. Pericardial effusion resolved immediately after thoracic duct embolisation at the lower thoracic level. However, pericardial effusion recurred after 5 months, which resolved after additional embolisation of the abnormal lymphatic collateral vessels from the remnant upper thoracic duct. Here, we report an unusual case with chylous massive pericardial effusion diagnosed by magnetic resonance lymphangiography and treated with percutaneous embolisation.
The Complexity Principle at work with rival prepositions
Authors: ROHDENBURG GÜNTER
Published: February 2020

The present corpus-based study deals with eight sets of rivalling prepositions in verb-dependent prepositional phrases. The two or three members of these sets, though equivalent in specific uses, differ in terms of functional explicitness. For instance, in directional uses,intocan be regarded as more explicit thanin. The main objective is to demonstrate for each of these sets that, in line with the Complexity Principle, the more explicit items are favoured in more complex grammatical environments. The contexts under scrutiny include those produced by passivisation, Heavy NP Shift, object relativisation, the use of full object NPs rather than personal pronouns, and preposition stranding. Thus, we observe that – compared with basic active clauses – preposition stranding in the active induces increased shares of the more explicit prepositions in question. Predictably, even higher degrees of prepositional explicitness are found with the combination of preposition stranding and passivisation. Also, it is shown that Heavy NP Shift tends to trigger greater proportions of the more explicit prepositions than object relativisation. The observed tendencies hold for Present-day English and earlier stages of English as well as for morphologically related and unrelated rival prepositions.
Strategies to address anaemia among pregnant and lactating women in India: a formative research study
Authors: Williams Pamela A , Poehlman Jon , Moran Katelin , Siddiqui Mariam , Kataria Ishu , Rego Anna Merlyn , Mehrotra Purnima , Saldanha Neela
Published: February 2020

Objective:

Over half of pregnant women in India are affected by anaemia, which can lead to premature birth, low birth weight and maternal and child mortality. Using formative research, we aimed to understand social and cultural factors around iron and folic acid (IFA) supplement provision and adherence to identify potential strategies for improving adherence and behaviours to prevent and treat anaemia among pregnant and lactating Indian women.

Design:

In-depth interviews and focus group discussions with women and key informant interviews with health officials and workers.

Setting:

Four districts in two Indian states: Allahabad and Bara Banki districts in Uttar Pradesh and Chikkballapura and Mandya districts in Karnataka.

Participants:

Pregnant and lactating women (n 65) and district officials and community health workers (n 14).

Results:

Most women were aware of anaemia but did not understand its seriousness and consequences. All women received IFA supplements (predominantly for free), but many were not adherent because of side effects; lack of information from healthcare providers on the causes of anaemia, its seriousness and solutions and low social support. To address anaemia, women were most confident in their ability to prepare and eat healthier foods but lacked control over resources such as appropriate food availability.

Conclusions:

Based on the findings, we recommend multicomponent interventions to train healthcare providers, address systemic barriers and involve family members to support IFA supplement adherence and dietary changes. Future research will determine which strategies are most effective to reduce the burden of anaemia in India among pregnant and lactating women.
History of tobacco, vitamin D and women
Authors: Manavi Kiano Reza , Alston-Mills Brenda Pauline , Thompson Marvin Paul
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Tobacco usage kills more than 8 million people a year. Approximately 7 million of those deaths are the result of direct tobacco use, while approximately 1.2 million are the result of non-smokers being exposed to second-hand smoke. About 200 million of the world’s one billion smokers are women and usage among women is increasing in some countries. Nicotine from smoking tobacco, specifically its metabolite cotinine, has negative effects on human health causing lung cancer, COPD and non-respiratory problems. Over a billion people worldwide are Vitamin D deficient or insufficient, which is prevalent across all age-groups, geographic regions, and sunlight. With the discovery of Vitamin D in 1919, a new chapter in the prevention of rickets was introduced opening the door to its therapeutic properties for other diseases. Since 1919, there have been many clinical and epidemiolocal studies performed globally on the effect of the vitamin on prevention of other diseases, including but not limited to, cancer, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and osteoporosis. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has been associated with reduced levels of Vitamin D in the blood stream and sinus tissues. Manavi et al. (2015) demonstrated that among three smoking categories (heavy, light, non-smokers), black female heavy smokers have lower vitamin D (13.374 ng/ml), than Hispanic (19.213 ng/ml) or white (24.929 ng/ml) females correlating to higher levels of cotinine. Therefore, blood serum concentrations of cotinine contribute to decreased Vitamin D concentrations in addition to other factors such as gender and ethnicity. Further information is provided in the text.
Glycine supplementation during six months does not alter insulin,	glucose or triglyceride plasma levels in healthy rats
Authors: Cerón Eduarda , Bernal-Alcántara Demetrio , Vanda Beatriz , Sommer Bettina , Gonzalez-Trujano Eva , Alvarado-Vásquez Noé
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Nowadays, glycine is used in nutritional supplements and to attenuate chronic complications of diabetes and obesity; however, its use has side effects as insulin resistance. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of chronic glycine supplementation on insulin, glucose and triglyceride levels in healthy Wistar rats. Groups were: Control (C), that received sterilized water only, glycine (GG), that received 1% glycine and taurine (TG), that received 0.5% taurine during 6 months (n = 10). Our results showed no differences in plasma insulin levels after six months of supplementation (C: 13.22 ± 2.0; GG: 11.4 ± 2.0; TG: 11.13 ± 2.0 ng/ml; p = 0.64). Likewise, neither glucose plasma concentration (C: 99.9 ± 3.9 mg/dl; GG: 104.3 ± 4.3 mg/dl; TG: 104.5 ± 4.8 mg/dl) (p = 0.88) nor triglyceride levels (C: 58.4 ± 5.6 mg/dl; GG: 46.9 ± 2.3 mg/dl; TG: 50.68 ± 3.3 mg/dl), showed differences after six months supplementation (p = 0.22). Furthermore, the analysis of glycine (C: 80 ± 24.6; GG: 83.9 ± 25.9; TG: 90.7 ± 13.5 nmol/ml) (p = 0.19) and taurine (C: 169 ± 15.17; GG: 148.7 ± 23.9; TG: 165.8 ± 22.5 nmol/ml) (p = 0.4) in the plasma of animals with supplementation showed no significant changes. Additionally, general urine tests and histological analysis of liver or kidneys showed no alterations. In conclusion, chronic supplementation with 1% glycine did not have any significant detrimental side effects in our model. However, more studies are still necessary to evaluate the effect of 1% glycine supplementation in humans.
Integrated safety profile of selinexor in multiple myeloma: experience from 437 patients enrolled in clinical trials
Authors: Gavriatopoulou Maria , Chari Ajai , Chen Christine , Bahlis Nizar , Vogl Dan T. , Jakubowiak Andrzej , Dingli David , Cornell Robert F. , Hofmeister Craig C. , Siegel David , Berdeja Jesus G. , Reece Donna , White Darrell , Lentzsch Suzanne , Gasparetto Cristina , Huff Carol Ann , Jagannath Sundar , Baz Rachid , Nooka Ajay K. , Richter Joshua , Abonour Rafat , Parker Terri L. , Yee Andrew J. , Moreau Philippe , Lonial Sagar , Tuchman Sascha , Weisel Katja C. , Mohty Mohamad , Choquet Sylvain , Unger T. J. , Li Kai , Chai Yi , Li Lingling , Shah Jatin , Shacham Sharon , Kauffman Michael G. , Dimopoulos Meletios Athanasios
Published: February 2020

Selinexor is an oral, small molecule inhibitor of the nuclear export protein exportin 1 with demonstrated activity in hematologic and solid malignancies. Side effects associated with selinexor include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, diarrhea, decreased appetite, weight loss, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and hyponatremia. We reviewed 437 patients with multiple myeloma treated with selinexor and assessed the kinetics of adverse events and impact of supportive care measures. Selinexor reduced both platelets and neutrophils over the first cycle of treatment and reached a nadir between 28 and 42 days. Platelet transfusions and thrombopoietin receptor agonists were effective at treating thrombocytopenia, and granulocyte colony stimulating factors were effective at resolving neutropenia. The onset of gastrointestinal side effects (nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea) was most common during the first 1–2 weeks of treatment. Nausea could be mitigated with 5-HT3 antagonists and either neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists, olanzapine, or cannbainoids. Loperamide and bismuth subsalicylate ameliorated diarrhea. The primary constitutional side effects of fatigue and decreased appetite could be managed with methylphenidate, megestrol, cannabinoids or olanzapine, respectively. Hyponatremia was highly responsive to sodium replacement. Selinexor has well-established adverse effects that mainly occur within the first 8 weeks of treatment, are reversible, and respond to supportive care.
Rare genetic susceptibility variants assessment in autism spectrum disorder: detection rate and practical use
Authors: Husson Thomas , Lecoquierre François , Cassinari Kevin , Charbonnier Camille , Quenez Olivier , Goldenberg Alice , Guerrot Anne-Marie , Richard Anne-Claire , Drouin-Garraud Valérie , Brehin Anne-Claire , Soleimani Maryam , Taton Romain , Rotharmel Maud , Rosier Antoine , Chambon Pascal , Le Meur Nathalie , Joly-Helas Géraldine , Saugier-Veber Pascale , Boland Anne , Deleuze Jean-François , Olaso Robert , Frebourg Thierry , Nicolas Gael , Guillin Olivier , Campion Dominique
Published: February 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component whose knowledge evolves quickly. Next-generation sequencing is the only effective technology to deal with the high genetic heterogeneity of ASD in a clinical setting. However, rigorous criteria to classify rare genetic variants conferring ASD susceptibility are currently lacking. We have performed whole-exome sequencing to identify both nucleotide variants and copy number variants (CNVs) in 253 ASD patients, including 68 patients with intellectual disability (ID) and 90 diagnosed as Asperger syndrome. Using explicit criteria to classify both susceptibility genes and susceptibility variants we prioritized 217 genes belonging to the following categories: syndromic genes, genes with an excess of de novo protein truncating variants and genes targeted by rare CNVs. We obtained a susceptibility variant detection rate of 19.7% (95% CI: [15–25.2%]). The rate for CNVs was 7.1% (95% CI: [4.3–11%]) and 12.6% (95% CI: [8.8–17.4%]) for nucleotide variants. The highest rate (30.1%, 95% CI: [20.2–43.2%]) was obtained in the ASD + ID subgroup. A strong contributor for at risk nucleotide variants was the recently identified set of genes (n = 81) harboring an excess of de novo protein truncating variants. Since there is currently no evidence that the genes targeted here are necessary and sufficient to cause ASD, we recommend to avoid the term “causative of ASD” when delivering the information about a variant to a family and to use instead the term “genetic susceptibility factor contributing to ASD”.
Fox Insight collects online, longitudinal patient-reported outcomes and genetic data on Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Smolensky Luba , Amondikar Ninad , Crawford Karen , Neu Scott , Kopil Catherine M. , Daeschler Margaret , Riley Lindsey ,   23andMe Research Team, Agee Michelle , Alipanahi Babak , Auton Adam , Bell Robert K. , Bryc Katarzyna , Cannon Paul , Clarke Sarah , Elson Sarah L. , Fonseca Peter , Fontanillas Pierre , Furlotte Nicholas A. , Hicks Barry , Hinds David A. , Heilbron Karl , Huber Karen E. , Jewett Ethan M. , Jiang Yunxuan , Kleinman Aaron , Lin Keng-Han , Litterman Nadia K. , Luff Marie , McIntyre Matthew H. , McManus Kimberly F. , Mountain Joanna L. , Noblin Elizabeth S. , Northover Carrie A. M. , Pitts Steven J. , Poznik G. David , Rowbotham Helen M. , Sathirapongsasuti J. Fah , Schloetter Madeleine , Shelton Janie F. , Shringarpure Suyash , Tian Chao , Tung Joyce Y. , Vacic Vladimir , Wang Xin , Wilson Catherine H. , Wojcicki Anne , Yu Linda P. C. , Brown Ethan , Toga Arthur W. , Tanner Caroline
Published: February 2020

Fox Insight is an online, longitudinal health study of people with and without Parkinson’s disease with targeted enrollment set to at least 125,000 individuals. Fox Insight data is a rich data set facilitating discovery, validation, and reproducibility in Parkinson’s disease research. The dataset is generated through routine longitudinal assessments (health and medical questionnaires evaluated at regular cycles), one-time questionnaires about environmental exposure and healthcare preferences, and genetic data collection. Qualified Researchers can explore, analyze, and download patient-reported outcomes (PROs) data and Parkinson’s disease- related genetic variants at https://foxden.michaeljfox.org. The full Fox Insight genetic data set, including approximately 600,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), can be requested separately with institutional review and are described outside of this data descriptor.
Impact of multisection and immunohistochemistry in lymph node staging of Gastric Carcinoma – Case series
Authors: Santos Fernando A. V. , Drummond-Lage Ana P. , Wainstein Alberto J. A. , Dias-Filho Marco A. , Savassi-Rocha Paulo R. , Navarro Tulio P.
Published: February 2020

Gastric carcinoma (GC) locoregional recurrence may occur even in cases where the tumor has been completely resected, possibly due to lymph node (LN) micrometastases. It is estimated that in 10% to 30% of cases, LN micrometastases are not detected by a conventional method for histological assessment of LN metastases with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). A cross-sectional study assessed 51 patients with GC by histological evaluation of the LN micrometastases through LN multi sectioning associated with immunohistochemistry analysis with monoclonal antibodies AE1 and AE3. Total gastrectomy was performed in 51% of patients. The total number of resected LN nodes was 1698, with a mean number of resected LN of 33.3 ± 13.2 per surgical specimen, of which 187 had metastasis. After the application of LN multisection and immunohistochemistry, LN micrometastases were found in 45.1% of the cases. LN staging changed in 29.4%, and tumor staging changed in 23.5% of the cases. In patients initially staged as pN0, LN staging and tumor staging changed, both in 19.2% of the cases. In patients initially staged as pN1 or more, LN staging changed in 40.0% of them, and tumor staging changed in 28.0% of the cases. The accuracy of HE for the histological staging of LN tumoral involvement was 76%, which was considered insufficient for CG patients staging. Investigation of LN micrometastasis through LN multisection and immunohistochemistry should be performed, particularly in cases where the presence of blood and lymphatic vessel invasion has been identified after conventional histological analysis, as well as in patients with advanced GC.
Biocarbon from peanut hulls and their green composites with biobased poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)
Authors: Picard Maisyn , Thakur Suman , Misra Manjusri , Mielewski Deborah F. , Mohanty Amar K.
Published: February 2020

There are millions of tons of post-food processing residues discarded annually. Currently, these waste materials are discarded to landfill, used as animal feed or incinerated. This suggests that there are potential uses for these materials in value-added applications. This work focuses on the characterization and valorization of peanut hulls through the generation of green composites. Peanut hulls were pyrolyzed at 500 °C and analyzed to discover their unique surface morphology and relatively low ash content. Raman spectral analysis determined ID/IG values of 0.74 for the samples, suggesting greater graphitic content than disordered carbon content. Such results were confirmed in X-ray diffraction analysis by the presence of (002) and (100) planes. Partially biobased engineering thermoplastic, poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), was combined with 20 wt.% biocarbon. The tensile and flexural moduli improved with the addition of biocarbon, and the bio-content increased from 35 to 48 wt.% as compared to neat PTT. The higher temperature biocarbon was found to have superior performance over the lower temperature sample. The enhanced sustainability of these materials suggested that peanut hulls can be valorized via thermochemical conversion to generate value-added products. Future works could focus on the optimization of these materials for non-structural automotive components or electrical housings.