bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of vertical bony defect using novel xenogeneic/allogeneic bone graft: A case report
Authors: Kinaia Bassam M. , Daweri Omar , Gala Roksolana , Turows Ashleigh , Harunani Abdulkareem , Neely Anthony L.
Published: June 2023

Background

Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a common treatment modality for correcting vertical or bony defects in furcations. Multiple materials are used in GTR with allografts and xenografts being the most widely used. Each material has distinctive properties affecting the regenerative potential. A new bone graft combination of xenogeneic/allogeneic may improve the outcome of GTR by providing space maintenance (Xenograft) and osteoinductive potential (Allograft). The aim of this case report is to evaluate the efficacy of the new combined xenogeneic/allogeneic material based on clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Methods

A 34‐year‐old healthy male presented with vertical bone loss interproximally between #’s 9 and 10. Clinical exam revealed 8 mm probing depth without mobility. The radiographic exam revealed a wide and deep vertical bony defect of 30%–50% bone loss. The defect was treated using a layering technique with xenogeneic/allogeneic bone graft and collagen membrane.

Results

The 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups revealed a significant reduction in probing depths and radiographic bone fill.

Conclusions

GTR using a layering technique of xenogeneic/allogeneic bone graft and collagen membrane showed proper correction of a deep and wide vertical bony defect. The 12‐month follow‐up revealed healthy periodontium with normal probing depths and bone level.
Selective Induction of DNA Damage and Cell Cycle Arrest Mediated by Chromone‐Triazole Dyads Derivatives: Effects on Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Saher Liza , Monteiro Fátima L. , Rocha Djenisa H. A. , Albuquerque Hélio M. T. , Silva Artur M. S. , Helguero Luisa A.
Published: June 2023

Chromones and triazoles are groups of heterocyclic compounds widely known to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. The combination of these two pharmacophores could result in multiple mechanisms of action to increase the potency of anticancer drugs and reduce their side effects. The in vitro antitumor effect of eight chromone‐based compounds was evaluated in breast (T‐47D and MDA‐MB‐231) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines, and in non‐cancerous human mammary epithelial cells (HuMEC) using a resazurin‐based method. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell cycle and cell death, and ɣ‐H2AX detection to identify DNA damage. The compounds showed selective cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, with (E)‐2‐(2‐(5‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)vinyl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (compound 2 a) being more potent in non‐metastatic T‐47D cells (IC50 0.65 μM). Replacing the hydrogen by a methyl group on the triazole ring in compound 2 b enhanced the cytotoxic activity up to IC50 0.24 μM in PC3, 0.32 μM in MDA‐MB‐231 and 0.52 μM in T‐47D. Compound 2 b was 3‐fold more potent than doxorubicin in PC3 (IC50 0.73 μM) and 4‐fold in MDA‐MB‐231 (IC50 1.51 μM). The addition of tetrahydroisoindole‐1,3‐dione moiety in compound 5 did not improve its effectiveness in any of the cell lines but it exerted the lowest cytotoxic effect in HuMEC (IC50 221.35 μM). The compounds revealed different cytotoxic mechanisms: 2 a and 2 b induced G2/M arrest, and compound 5 did not affect the cell cycle.
Ionic Liquid Based Treatment – A Potential Strategy to Modify Bacterial Cellulose
Authors: Munir Muneeba , Muhammad Nawshad , Uroos Maliha , Mustafa Waleed , Sharif Faiza
Published: June 2023

The constant need for advanced materials led by modern research continues the exploitation of old remedies and innovation to find new solutions. The use of ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents has revolutionized modern chemical research. The non‐toxic green technology has inspired new paradigms in chemical reactions and synthesis. Developing nontoxic materials for industrial and biomedical applications has endorsed the use of ILs in synthesis and fabrication. In terms of biomedical materials, the exploration for novel technologies to deal with chronic and nonhealing injuries desires degradable materials. One of the vastly used biomaterials is cellulose, which is nondegradable on its own unless digested by special enzymes produced by bacteria in nature. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a naturally occurring more refined and purified form of cellulose which again is nondegradable on its own. Looking for technologies that can modify the BC in situ or ex situ is a challenge. This review is bound to give insight into the current scientific research being conducted to render BC degradable for biomedical applications. The data has been collected through Clarivate analysis, Google search, PubMed Central Identifier (PMCID), and Research Gate. The lack of available literature on this topic allowed us to include all the articles related to the subject as old as 1988 onwards.
Autoimmune hepatitis complicated by adult‐onset Still's disease during treatment with tocilizumab: A case report from acute onset to recurrence
Authors: Uchihara Daiki , Suzuki Tomohiro , Koya Yudai , Tai Mayumi , Ichii Osamu , Matsuhashi Nobuo , Ejiri Yutaka , Kato Tomoya , Honma Yuichi , Shibata Michihiko , Harada Masaru
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

The characteristics of liver dysfunction due to adult‐onset Still's disease are not specific. Differentiating from autoimmune hepatitis is important in deciding whether to continue corticosteroid therapy, and also in terms of management of cirrhosis and surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver biopsy is thought to be the most important determinant for differential diagnosis.
Computational fluid dynamics simulation and optimization of the fluid flow behaviour in a multi‐stage solar updraft tower using a new chimney design
Authors: Ghriss Ons , Aryanfar Yashar , Bouabidi Abdallah , Driss Zied , García Alcaraz Jorge Luis
Published: June 2023

This work proposes a new chimney design that allows for the development of a multi‐stage solar updraft tower (SUT). The new design consists of two successive divergent chimneys. A 3D model was established to inspect the air flow behaviour within the SUT in six configurations: four multi‐stage systems with four divergence angles of the second stage were compared to the simple conventional SUT and the simple SUT with a divergent chimney. The new SUT performs better than the conventional one, while the two‐stage solar tower multiplied the system efficiency. Two high‐velocity zones appeared for the two‐stage SUT, whereas one zone occurred for the conventional system. The velocity in the two zones achieved a significant value, like that of the conventional system. In addition, the second stage's divergence angle directly impacts the velocity value inside the two stages. The static pressure distribution varies with the change in chimney design. The depression area occurs twice for the multi‐stage SUT in the inlet of each stage.
Synthesis of Diverse 1,4‐(Azaindole)[60]fullerenes via Transition‐Metal Free Three‐Component Coupling Reaction of Azaindoles, C60, and Bromoalkanes/Triphenylamines†
Authors: Huang Xinmin , Liu Zi‐Zheng , Cheng Jia‐Qi , Cao Cheng‐Yu , Li Peng‐Cheng , Xuan Jun , Li Fei
Published: June 2023

Comprehensive Summary

A transition‐metal free three‐component coupling reaction of azaindoles, C60, and bromoalkanes/triphenylamines has been developed to provide an efficient access to diverse azaindole functionalized 1,4‐C60 adducts. This protocol exhibits low cost, operational simplicity, wide substrate scope, and mild and convenient conditions.
Polynomial‐time universality and limitations of deep learning
Authors: Abbe Emmanuel , Sandon Colin
Published: June 2023

The goal of this paper is to characterize function distributions that general neural networks trained by descent algorithms (GD/SGD), can or cannot learn in polytime. The results are: (1) The paradigm of general neural networks trained by SGD is poly‐time universal: any function distribution that can be learned from samples in polytime can also be learned by a poly‐size neural net trained by SGD with polynomial parameters. In particular, this can be achieved despite polynomial noise on the gradients, implying a separation result between SGD‐based deep learning and statistical query algorithms, as the latter are not comparably universal due to cases like parities. This also shows that deep learning does not suffer from the limitations of shallow networks. (2) The paper further gives a lower‐bound on the generalization error of descent algorithms, which relies on two quantities: the cross‐predictability, an average‐case quantity related to the statistical dimension, and the null‐flow, a quantity specific to descent algorithms. The lower‐bound implies in particular that for functions of low enough cross‐predictability, the above robust universality breaks down once the gradients are averaged over too many samples (as in perfect GD) rather than fewer (as in SGD). (3) Finally, it is shown that if larger amounts of noise are added on the initialization and on the gradients, then SGD is no longer comparably universal due again to distributions having low enough cross‐predictability.
Current status of artificial intelligence analysis for the treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases using endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Kuwahara Takamichi , Hara Kazuo , Mizuno Nobumasa , Haba Shin , Okuno Nozomi , Fukui Toshitaka , Urata Minako , Yamamoto Yoshitaro
Published: June 2023

Pancreatic and biliary diseases encompass a range of conditions requiring accurate diagnosis for appropriate treatment strategies. This diagnosis relies heavily on imaging techniques like endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and deep learning, is becoming integral in medical imaging and diagnostics, such as the detection of colorectal polyps. AI shows great potential in diagnosing pancreatobiliary diseases. Unlike machine learning, which requires feature extraction and selection, deep learning can utilize images directly as input. Accurate evaluation of AI performance is a complex task due to varied terminologies, evaluation methods, and development stages. Essential aspects of AI evaluation involve defining the AI's purpose, choosing appropriate gold standards, deciding on the validation phase, and selecting reliable validation methods. AI, particularly deep learning, is increasingly employed in endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography diagnostics, achieving high accuracy levels in detecting and classifying various pancreatobiliary diseases. The AI often performs better than doctors, even in tasks like differentiating benign from malignant pancreatic tumors, cysts, and subepithelial lesions, identifying gallbladder lesions, assessing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography difficulty, and evaluating the biliary strictures. The potential for AI in diagnosing pancreatobiliary diseases, especially where other modalities have limitations, is considerable. However, a crucial constraint is the need for extensive, high‐quality annotated data for AI training. Future advances in AI, such as large language models, promise further applications in the medical field.
Fear of predators alters herbivore regulation of soil microbial community function
Authors: Tian Wei , Hawlena Dror , Pagès Jordi F. , Zhong Zhiwei , Wang Deli
Published: June 2023

Fear of predation can affect important ecosystem processes by altering the prey traits expression that, in turn, regulates the quantity and quality of nutritional inputs to soil. Here, we aimed to assist in bridging a knowledge gap in this cascading chain of events by exploring how risk of spider predation may affect grasshopper prey performances, and the activity of various microbial extracellular enzymes in the soil. Using a mesocosms field‐experiment, we found that grasshoppers threatened by spider predation ate less, grew slower, and had a higher body carbon to nitrogen ratio. Herbivory increased activity of all microbial extracellular enzymes examined, likely due to higher availability of root exudates. Predation risk had no effect on C‐acquiring enzymes but decreased activity of P‐acquiring enzymes. We found contrasting results regarding the effect of predation on the activity of N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase and leucine arylamidase N‐acquiring enzymes, suggesting that predation risk may alter the composition of N‐inputs to soil. Our work highlighted the importance of soil microbial enzymatic activity as a way to predict how changes in the aboveground food‐web dynamics may alter key ecosystem processes like nutritional‐cycling.
CO2‐Induced Modulation of Si–O Bonds for Low Temperature Plastic Deformation of Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles with Enhanced Photoluminescence
Authors: Huang Kang , Wu Wenzhuo , Xu Song , Yan Pengfei , Wei Zhongming , Xu Qun
Published: June 2023

Modulation of Si–O bonds under mild conditions has been a challenging issue in the field of material science, which is critical to manufacture high‐performance silica‐based optical and photonic devices. Herein, we introduce a nondestructive technique to achieve Si–O bond rearrangement, leading to plastic deformation and photoluminescence enhancement of amorphous silica nanoparticles using supercritical carbon dioxides in EtOH/H2O solution under mild temperature. Specifically, plastic deformation is achieved by treating hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres using supercritical CO2 at 40 °C under 20 MPa. Experimental and theoretical studies revealed the critical role of supercritical CO2 in the plastic deformation process, which can be intercalated into the hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres with anisotropic stresses and induces the rearrangement of Si–O bonds and transformation of ring structures. This work suggests a novel approach to engineer high‐performance nano‐silica glass components for numerous optical and photonic devices under mild condition.
Conducting Polyacrylamide–Polyaniline Polymers as Water‐Soluble Binder in LiFePO4 Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ye Chengxi , Wang LiQun , Tan Qihe , Ma Yiguo , Tong Qingsong , Weng Jingzheng
Published: June 2023

A novel water‐soluble cationic polyacrylamide/polyaniline (CPNi) conductive and mechanical robust binder is designed and fabricated. PANi units possessed by CPNi can provide electrical conductivity for this system, and the crosslinking network between polyacrylamide and polyaniline can form via chemical bonds and its intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The effect of PANi is investigated via the electrochemical behaviors and mechanical properties. The CPNi6 sample could balance electrochemical and mechanical properties. It exhibits a superior discharge capacity of 120 mAh g−1 at 200th cycle under the current density of 1C and an excellent discharge capacity of 118 mAh g−1 at 5C‐rate.
An Aboriginal‐led consortium approach to chronic disease action for health equity and holistic wellbeing
Authors: Morey Kim , Pearson Odette , Sivak Leda , Brown Katharine , Mejia Gloria , Colmer Kate , Melchers Astrid , Keech Wendy , Brown Alex
Published: June 2023

Issue Addressed

The Wellbeing Economy, which places human and ecological wellbeing at the centre of policy making, aligns with holistic Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander conceptualisations of health and wellbeing. In order to address chronic diseases in South Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations, the South Australian Aboriginal Chronic Disease Consortium (Consortium) is fostering action in ways that align both with the Wellbeing Economy and with Health in All Policies (HiAP) approaches.

Methods

In June 2017, the Consortium was established as a collaborative partnership between government and non‐government organisations, researchers, Aboriginal organisations and communities to lead the effective implementation of three state‐wide chronic disease plans. A coordinating centre was funded to support and progress the work of the Consortium.

Results

During its first 5 years, the Consortium has developed a foundation for sustained system reform through partnering with stakeholders, leading projects and initiatives, advocating for key priorities, leveraging existing infrastructure and funding, supporting services, and coordinating delivery of priority actions using innovative approaches.

Conclusions

Through the Consortium governance structure, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community members, policy actors, service providers and researchers oversee, drive, influence and support the implementation of priority action initiatives. Sustained funding, competing priorities of partner organisations and project evaluation are constant challenges.

So What?

A consortium approach provides direction and shared priorities, which foster collaboration across and between organisations, service providers and the Aboriginal community. Aligning with HiAP approaches and the Wellbeing Economy, it harnesses knowledge, networks and partnerships that support project implementation and reduce duplication.
Cash holdings and corruption prevention commitment: Evidence from the UK
Authors: Al‐Najjar Basil , Sarhan Ahmed A.
Published: June 2023

This study advances the literature in cash holdings in that it empirically examines the impact of corruption prevention commitment (CPC) on the cash holding strategic decisions and how such CPC might interact with cash holdings to affect firm value. We employ a sample of UK non‐financial publicly listed firms and our results are of twofold. First, we detect a significant negative relationship between CPC and cash holdings, which is consistent with the expected governance effect of CPC. Second, we find a negative interaction of CPC with cash holdings when investigating cash holdings effect on firm value, suggesting that shareholders consider CPC as an overinvestment in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity within a strong customer protection framework, such as the UK. Our findings are robust to different econometric estimations and controlling for different explanatory variables. This study offers beneficial perceptions into the notion of sustainability and sustainability standards and their implications on firms financing decisions. Finally, we argue that while this paper investigates the UK context, our results might be applicable to other countries with similar anti‐corruption structure as in the UK.
What are survivors of conflict‐related sexual violence saying about care?
Authors: Vidale‐Plaza Dominique , Djangala Fall Miryam D. E.
Published: June 2023

Synopsis

In order to achieve a holistic ethos of care, survivors' voices and their situated knowledge must be the central focus.
Evaluation of long‐COVID symptoms in women infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 during pregnancy
Authors: Kandemir Hülya , Bülbül Gül Alkan , Kirtiş Emine , Güney Selin , Sanhal Cem Yaşar , Mendilcioğlu İbrahim İnanç
Published: June 2023

Objective

To evaluate the symptoms of Long COVID (LC), frequency of symptoms, and possible risk factors in women diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) during pregnancy.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center, cross‐sectional, retrospective study in 99 pregnant women who were polymerase chain reaction‐positive (PCR+) for COVID‐19 between March 1, 2020 and April 30, 2022. The control group consisted of 99 women who gave birth between these dates and did not have COVID‐19. We evaluated the clinical manifestations, symptom prevalence, and symptom characteristics of acute COVID‐19 and the LC in the PCR+ group as well as questioned the control group for LC symptoms.

Results

Of the women in the PCR+ group, 74 (74.7%) had at least one LC symptom, and the most common symptoms were fatigue (54; 72.9%), myalgia/arthralgia (49; 66.2%), and anosmia/ageusia (31; 41.9%). The rate of LC symptoms in the control group was 14 (14.1%). The prevalence of LC symptoms was higher in severely/critically symptomatic patients (23; 100%) in the acute period of disease than in asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic (51; 67.1%) (P = 0.005). Hospitalization during acute infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 13.30), having one or more symptoms (aOR = 4.75), and having symptoms such as cough (aOR = 6.27) and myalgia/arthralgia (aOR = 12.93) increased the likelihood of LC.

Conclusion

Many women experienced LC after suffering acute COVID‐19 in pregnancy, but LC prevalence was similar to the general population. LC correlates with severity, type, and number of symptoms of acute COVID‐19.
Conserving urban tropical biodiversity by connecting networks of green patches
Authors: Danneck Jennifer , Chin Fung Tiang Darrel , Ngo Duc Khanh , Azhar Badrul , Sanusi Ruzana , Campos‐Arceiz Ahimsa , Lechner Alex M.
Published: June 2023

Tropical Southeast Asia is a hotspot for global biodiversity, and also a hotspot for rapidly expanding urbanisation. There is a need to identify, protect, restore and connect remaining green spaces in the urban matrix before this opportunity is lost to urban development. The objective of this study is to characterise ecological connectivity for mammals and identify important patches and linkages for connecting urban green spaces for Greater Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia. We first map land cover across the region using a linear mixture model with preprocessed multidate cloud‐free mosaics derived from Sentinel 2 remote sensing data in Google Earth Engine. We then model connectivity using the land cover maps, expert‐based parameterisation of Euclidian distance and graph‐based connectivity models for a range of dispersal guilds representing small and medium terrestrial and arboreal mammals. Our analysis showed large differences in the effects of fragmentation within Greater KL on the different dispersal groups, with some groups perceiving the landscape as disconnected. However, our analysis identified a network of green patches and pathways which potentially could support connectivity in the urban landscape. Our results demonstrate the potential for Southeast Asian megacities to support biodiversity in the urban context, and the potential for a different kind of urban development, which supports biodiversity in its urban fabric.
Follow up duration of phase III Multiple Myeloma Clinical Trials: A systematic review
Authors: Ali Mohammad O. , Abdullah Hafez M. , Obeidat Khaldun , Chakraborty Rajshekhar , Al Hadidi Samer
Published: June 2023

Long‐term follow‐up of multiple myeloma (MM) clinical trials are needed to assess long‐term outcomes. We aimed to investigate the length of follow‐up of all phase III MM clinical trials. Median follow‐up duration of clinical trials of newly diagnosed MM was longer when compared to relapsed/refractory MM clinical trials (42.7 vs. 20.5 months, respectively). The follow‐up duration of phase III clinical trials in MM is relatively short when compared to the improved outcomes in the current era. Efforts should be made to facilitate long‐term clinical trials follow‐up and/or publication of results of updated results.
A classification of soil solid material for natural and anthropogenic soils
Authors: Kühn Dieter , Eberhardt Einar
Published: June 2023

Soil classification systems give an idea which soils are similar regarding their morphology (often developed through pedogenesis) and therefore assigned to the same class, and which are dissimilar and therefore assigned to another class. The morphological criteria are often selected along pedogenetic lines of thinking. Soil functions however often depend on other physical and chemical properties not covered in the same consistent and balanced way, for example neither in World Reference Base for Soil Resources nor US Soil Taxonomy. By using the concept of substrate, a concise and hierarchical soil solid material classification that can be used in parallel to a morphological or morphogenetic soil classification is described. It includes parent material genesis (geogenesis), fine earth texture, coarse fragments, lime and lithic carbon content, and rock type and enables to characterize the soil horizon material—as a complement to the pedogenetic horizon designation—and the entire soil profile—as a complement to the (genetic) soil type. The system covers natural and anthropogenic substrates (as found, e.g., in urban areas, on landfills, etc.). Its hierarchical approach can be used in single profile descriptions, but also in soil mapping, for which it provides a framework for delineation and rule‐based aggregation of spatial soil units.
Genome‐wide dissection of the genetic factors underlying food quality in boiled and pounded white Guinea yam
Authors: Asfaw Asrat , Agre Paterne , Matsumoto Ryo , Olatunji Alice Adenike , Edemodu Alex , Olusola Theresa , Odom‐Kolombia Oluchi Lawrencia , Adesokan Michael , Alamu Oladeji Emmanuel , Adebola Patrick , Asiedu Robert , Maziya‐Dixon Busie
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Food quality traits related to the genetics of yam influence the acceptability for its consumption. This study aimed at identifying genetic factors underlying sensory and textural quality attributes of boiled and pounded yam, the two dominant food products from white Guinea yam.

RESULTS

A genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of a panel of 184 genotypes derived from five multi‐parent crosses population was conducted. The panel was phenotyped for the qualities of boiled and pounded yam using sensory quality and instrument‐based textural profile assays. The genotypes displayed significant variation for most of the attributes. Population differentiation and structure analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and population structure‐based Bayesian information criteria revealed the presence of four well‐defined clusters. The GWAS results from a multi‐random mixed linear model with kinship and PCA used as covariate identified 13 single‐nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers significantly associated with the boiled and pounded yam food qualities. The associated SNP markers explained 7.51–13.04% of the total phenotypic variance with a limit of detection exceeding 4.

CONCLUSION

Regions on chromosomes 7 and 15 were found to be associated with boiled and pounded yam quality attributes from sensory and instrument‐based assays. Gene annotation analysis for the regions of associated SNPs revealed co‐localization of several known putative genes involved in glucose export, hydrolysis and glycerol metabolism. Our study is one of the first reports of genetic factors underlying the boiled and pounded yam food quality to pave the way for marker‐assisted selection in white Guinea yam. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sensitivity enhancement of capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis‐based method for characterization of drug‐protein interactions using on‐line sample preconcentration
Authors: Bržezická Taťána , Glatz Zdeněk , Kohútová Lenka
Published: June 2023

Capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis is one of the most frequently used approaches for the study of plasma protein‐drug interactions as a substantial part of new drug development. However, the capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis typically combined with ultraviolet‐visible detection suffers from insufficient concentration sensitivity, particularly for substances with limited solubility and low molar absorption coefficient. The sensitivity problem has been solved in this work by its combination with an on‐line sample preconcentration. According to the knowledge of the authors this combination has never been used to characterize plasma protein‐drug binding. It resulted in a fully automated and versatile methodology for the characterization of binding interactions. Further, the validated method minimalizes the experimental errors due to a reduction in the manipulation of samples. Moreover, employing an on‐line preconcentration strategy with capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis using human serum albumin‐salicylic acid as a model system improves the drug concentration sensitivity 17‐fold compared to the conventional method. The value of binding constant (1.51 ± 0.63) · 104 L/mol obtained by this new capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis modification is in agreement with the value (1.13 ± 0.28) ·104 L/mol estimated by a conventional variant of capillary electrophoresis‐frontal analysis without the preconcentration step, as well as with literature data obtained using different techniques.
Assessing American woodcock use of habitat managed through programs targeting a declining songbird
Authors: McNeil Darin J. , Johnson Kirsten E. , Larkin Jeffery L.
Published: June 2023

The implementation of habitat management guidelines for golden‐winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) is believed to benefit additional species. To address widespread population declines of the golden‐winged warbler, species‐specific best management practices were developed and are guiding habitat‐based conservation programs across the species' breeding range. To date, thousands of hectares of golden‐winged warbler nesting habitat have been created across portions of the Appalachian Mountains and Great Lakes regions in the United States. The American woodcock (Scolopax minor) is expected to benefit from this habitat management. The woodcock has been declining for decades (0.84%/year in the eastern United States) largely because of loss of early successional communities like those required by the golden‐winged warbler. We examined the extent to which habitat management targeting golden‐winged warblers contributes to American woodcock conservation goals across a broad geographic extent. Additionally, we assessed various site‐ and landscape‐level factors to elucidate the context dependencies associated with successful conservation outcomes for this non‐target species. From 2015 to 2017, we conducted 1,554 American woodcock surveys at 774 unique locations treated with golden‐winged warbler best management practices across the Great Lakes and Appalachian Mountains. Woodcock density was 0.84–1.24 males/ha in the Great Lakes region and 0.30 males/ha in the Appalachian Mountains. Density was also dependent upon within‐stand conditions (e.g., basal area, woody regeneration) and landscape features (e.g., wetland cover, mixed forest cover), the latter of which yielded strong geographic heterogeneity in woodcock densities. American woodcock can benefit from habitat management targeting the golden‐winged warbler, but the extent of these benefits is influenced by regional, landscape, and within‐stand contexts.
A spatial, closed integrated population model to estimate wildlife population size and structure
Authors: Connor Thomas , Tripp Emilio , Saxon B. J. , Camarena Jessica , Goodwin Jesse A. , Bean William T. , Sarna Dan , Brashares Justin
Published: June 2023

Noninvasive data collection methods are increasingly used to monitor endangered, cryptic, or otherwise difficult to observe wildlife populations. Spatial capture‐recapture and count‐based statistical methods are often used to model these data to derive population estimates, each with their own advantages. The goal of our study was to integrate these 2 data sources and model structures to maximize the use of single‐season surveys in which capture‐recapture and count‐based data are collected. We formulated a Bayesian spatial, closed integrated population model (cIPM) that leverages scat DNA‐based spatial capture‐recapture and camera‐based spatial count sub‐models to derive sex and age class‐specific population estimates. Our cIPM has the advantage of sharing the spatial scaling (σ) parameter directly between sub‐models and drawing proposed individuals from the same data‐augmented superpopulation for each sub‐model. This allows for separate estimation of sex and age‐class groups simultaneously without any assumptions of population structure or conversions between model output types. We applied our cIPM to a wild population of Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti, Karuk: íshyuux) during winter 2018–2019 in their winter range within Karuk Ancestral Territory in northern California, USA. We also conducted a simulation study to test our cIPM on a known population consisting of 2 age classes and 2 sexes. The cIPM was able to estimate most population, detection, and σ parameters with good accuracy, including population size. The assignment of sex and age was biased, however, resulting in fewer juvenile males, more juvenile females, and more adult males. Our cIPM applied to the data estimated approximately 310 (95% CI = 235–411) female adults, 90 (95% CI = 57–134) male adults, 75 (95% CI = 43–149) female calves, and 23 (95% CI = 12–47) male calves. These estimates were different from those that would have been made had we relied on common assumptions such as equal calf sex ratios, though this ratio was likely biased towards females based on our simulation results. Our methods are widely applicable and maximize the amount of information available to managers and researchers from any single‐season survey in which separate data sources capturing sex and age‐class information are obtained.
High‐Power, Narrow‐Linewidth, and Low‐Noise Quantum Dot Distributed Feedback Lasers
Authors: Wang Shuai , Lv Zun‐Ren , Yang Qiu‐Lu , Wang Sheng‐Lin , Chai Hong‐Yu , Meng Lei , Lu Dan , Ji Chen , Yang Xiao‐Guang , Yang Tao
Published: June 2023

Single‐frequency semiconductor lasers represent a critical role in optical communications, light detection and ranging systems, photonics integrated circuits, etc. Here, combining atom‐like quantum dot (QD) materials and advanced lateral gratings, a high‐power, ultra‐low‐noise 1.3 µm InAs/GaAs QD distributed feedback laser is demonstrated. Stable single‐longitudinal‐mode output power of 100 mW from 25 ℃ to 85 ℃ is achieved with a maximum side mode suppression ratio of 62.6 dB, and the variations of threshold current and slope efficiency over the temperature range are slight, indicting a high temperature stability. A record‐narrow intrinsic linewidth of 1.62 kHz is achieved at 55 ℃ with a white noise level of merely 515 Hz2 Hz–1, and a minimum averaged relative intensity noise of only –166 dB/Hz between 0.1 GHz and 20 GHz is obtained at 25 ℃. Furthermore, a strong tolerance to external optical feedback (〉 –14 dB) is demonstrated in the range from 25 ℃ to 85 ℃, with a maximum value of –8 dB at 85 ℃. This high‐quality single‐frequency laser fabricated with simplified processes and compact size paves the way for its future large‐scale applications such as high‐capacity optical communication, high‐precision optical detection, high‐speed optical interconnections, etc.
Protected species considerations for ocean planning: A case study for offshore wind energy development in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Farmer Nicholas A. , Garrison Lance P. , Litz Jenny A. , Ortega-Ortiz Joel G. , Rappucci Gina , Richards Paul M. , Powell Jessica R. , Bethea Dana M. , Jossart Jonathan A. , Randall Alyssa L. , Steen Mariana E. , Matthews Tershara N. , Morris James A.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Ocean planning provides opportunities for managers to evaluate tradeoffs among environmental, social, economic, cultural, and management considerations in the development of place-based activities. Early integration of mobile protected species considerations into ocean planning reduces the likelihood of future resource conflict. Transparency and problem solving with potential conflicts in mind during the early planning stages can help to minimize contention and increase efficiency in permitting and may also minimize litigation challenges during project design and implementation. Starting with a large area, such as the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management's (BOEM) initial 12.1-million-ha call area in federal waters of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, provided substantial geographic scope for identifying suitable areas for eventual offshore wind lease sales that also aim to minimize conflict across multiple resources and uses.

Methods

To support ocean planning for this large-scale activity, a generalized scoring system for protected species status and trends that facilitates relative comparison between species was developed. Spatial data for species listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act or the Marine Mammal Protection Act were assembled. Species layers were scored based on species status and trend. The cumulative vulnerability for 23 species groups whose distributions overlap suitable areas proposed for eventual lease sales, termed wind energy areas (WEAs) by BOEM, was calculated.

Result

Integrating this combined protected species data layer into the broader Gulf of Mexico WEA ocean planning process helped to reduce potential protected species conflicts by 70%.

Conclusion

This generalized approach is directly applicable to other WEAs under consideration within the United States and is transferable to a variety of ocean spatial planning applications.
Moving up the global value chain: Effects of water pollution control regulations in China
Authors: Wang Wenxiao , Ma Kairong , Kong Lingyu
Published: June 2023

This paper investigates the impacts of stringent environmental regulation of firm‐level upstreamness in the global value chains (GVCs). Specifically, we use the non‐uniform promulgation of local water pollution control regulations across cities and over time after the 11th Five‐Year Plan as a quasi‐natural experiment in China, in which firms are forced to adopt cleaner technologies or equipment to reduce pollution after enforcing tighter environmental standards. Using highly disaggregated firm‐level data between 2008 and 2014, we find that firms in cities with stricter water pollution regulations tend to move to more upstream sectors in the GVCs. We find that this effect is more prominent for low‐productivity firms, high‐polluting firms, and firms with a high dependence on water in production. This paper sheds new light on the GVC upgrading of firms in response to environmental regulation changes.
A DnaA‐dependent riboswitch for transcription attenuation of the his operon
Authors: Yao Yuan , Sun Hongwei , Wurihan  , Gegeheng  , Gezi  , Skarstad Kirsten , Fan Lifei , Morigen
Published: June 2023

Transcription attenuation in response to the availability of a specific amino acid is believed to be controlled by alternative configurations of RNA secondary structures that lead to the arrest of translation or the release of the arrested ribosome from the leader mRNA molecule. In this study, we first report a possible example of the DnaA‐dependent riboswitch for transcription attenuation in Escherichia coli. We show that (i) DnaA regulates the transcription of the structural genes but not that of the leader hisL gene; (ii) DnaA might bind to rDnaA boxes present in the HisL‐SL RNA, and subsequently attenuate the transcription of the operon; (iii) the HisL‐SL RNA and rDnaA boxes are phylogenetically conserved and evolutionarily important; and (iv) the translating ribosome is required for deattenuation of the his operon, whereas tRNAHis strengthens attenuation. This mechanism seems to be phylogenetically conserved in Gram‐negative bacteria and evolutionarily important.
Uniqueness of the potential in conformable Sturm‐Liouville problem
Authors: Koyunbakan Hikmet
Published: June 2023

This study is about the inverse problem of the conformable Sturm‐Liouville problem SLP. Namely, we first defined the problem with separable boundary conditions and gave some of its spectral properties. Then, by spectral data, we showed that the potential and the constants
in the boundary conditions are coincident for two different problems. Here, the potential is in the space
. We have also shown that if the potential function has the property of being symmetrical, only one spectrum is sufficient to find this function as uniquely. It is worth remembering that the methods and calculations used here are similar to those in the SLP with classical derivative. However, we think results will be valuable in Sturm‐Liouville theory.
Inverse coefficient problem for the time‐fractional diffusion equation with Hilfer operator
Authors: Durdiev D. K.
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the inverse problem of determining the time‐dependent reaction–diffusion coefficient in the Cauchy problem for the time‐fractional diffusion equation with the Hilfer operator by a single observation at the point
of the diffusion process is studied. To represent the solution of the direct problem, the fundamental solution of this equation is constructed and properties of this solution are investigated. The fundamental solution contains Fox's
‐functions widely used in fractional calculus. The fundamental solution for the fractional diffusion operator with the Hilfer derivative is also obtained in terms of the Yang
‐function, and it is shown that they coincide. Using estimates of the fundamental solution and its derivatives, an estimate for the solution of the direct problem is obtained in terms of the norm of the unknown coefficient, which will be used in investigation of inverse problem. The inverse problem is reduced to the equivalent integral equation. For solving this equation, the contracted mapping principle is applied. The local existence and global uniqueness results and the conditional stability estimate of solution are proven.
No strong evidence of the protein leverage hypothesis in pregnant women with obesity and their infants
Authors: Kebbe Maryam , Most Jasper , Altazan Abby D. , Redman Leanne M.
Published: June 2023

Objective

The goal of this study was to investigate the role of dietary protein on macronutrient and energy intake, maternal adiposity during pregnancy, and infant adiposity at birth.

Methods

In 41 women with obesity, early‐pregnancy (13–16 weeks) protein intake was assessed with food photography and expressed as a ratio of Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) in pregnancy for protein (0.88 g/kg/d), herein “protein balance.” Energy intake was measured by the intake‐balance method, gestational weight gain as grams per week, and fat mass by a three‐compartment model. Spearman correlations and linear models were computed using R version 4.1.1 (p < 0.05 considered significant).

Results

Women had a mean (SD) age of 27.5 (4.8) years and a pregravid BMI of 34.4 (2.9), kg/m2, and the majority were non‐White (n = 23, 56.1%). Protein balance in early pregnancy was not significantly associated with energy intake across mid and mid/late pregnancy (β = 328.7, p = 0.30 and β = 286.2, p = 0.26, respectively) or gestational weight gain (β = 117.0, p = 0.41). Protein balance was inversely associated with fat mass in early, mid, and late pregnancy (β = −10.6, p = 0.01, β = −10.4, p = 0.03, β = −10.3, p = 0.03, respectively). Protein balance did not predict infant adiposity at birth (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Low protein intake may have been present before pregnancy, explaining early relationships with adiposity in this cohort. The protein leverage hypothesis is likely not implicated in the intergenerational transmission of obesity.
Local supply, temporal dynamics, and unrealized potential in teacher hiring
Authors: James Jessalynn , Kraft Matthew A. , Papay John P.
Published: June 2023

We explore the dynamics of competitive search in the K–12 public education sector. Using detailed panel data on teacher hiring from Boston Public Schools, we document how teacher labor supply varies substantially across vacancies even within a single district depending on position type, school characteristics, and the timing of job postings. We find that early‐posted positions are more likely to be filled and end up securing new hires that are better qualified, more effective, and more likely to remain at a school. In contrast, the number of applicants to a position is largely unassociated with hire quality, suggesting that schools may struggle to identify and select the best candidates even when there is a large pool of qualified applicants. These patterns persist even when we restrict comparisons to only positions within an individual school using school fixed effects. Our findings point to substantial unrealized potential for improving teacher hiring.
Guiding principles for transdisciplinary sustainability research and practice
Authors: Reed Maureen G. , Robson James P. , Campos Rivera Mariana , Chapela Francisco , Davidson‐Hunt Iain , Friedrichsen Peter , Haine Eleanor , Johnston Anthony Blair Dreaver , Lichtenstein Gabriela , Lynes Laura S. , Oloko Majing , Sánchez Luja Michelle , Shackleton Sheona , Soriano Marlene , Sosa Peréz Fermín , Vasseur Liette
Published: June 2023

Transdisciplinary sustainability scientists are called to conduct research with community actors to understand and improve relations between people and nature. Yet, research hierarchies and power relations continue to favour western academic researchers who remain the gatekeepers of knowledge production and validation.

To counter this imbalance, in 2018 we structured a multi‐day workshop to co‐design a set of principles to guide our own transdisciplinary, international and intercultural community of practice for biocultural diversity and sustainability. This community includes community collaborators, partner organizations, and early career and established researchers from Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Germany, Mexico and South Africa. In 2021, we undertook online critical reflection workshops to share our research experiences and deepen our intercultural understanding of the application of the principles.

Through these exercises, we adopted seven principles for working together that include: honour self‐determination and nationhood; commit to reciprocal relationships; co‐create the research agenda; approach research in a good way: embed relational accountability; generate meaningful benefits for communities; build in equity, diversity and inclusion; and emphasize critical reflection and shared learning. We explain these principles and briefly highlight their application to our research practices.

By sharing these principles and associated practices, we seek to facilitate debate and spur transformations in how we conduct international and intercultural sustainability research. Our efforts also illustrate a strategy for on‐going knowledge co‐production as we cultivate safe and ethical spaces for learning together. Lessons learned may be particularly useful to those who engage in intercultural, collaborative research to advance sustainability transformations.

Read the freePlain Language Summaryfor this article on the Journal blog.
Experimental characterization optimizing the alignment parameter for GNP epoxy base nanocomposite via a weak DC magnetic field
Authors: Tiwari Anupam , Panda S. K. , Shaw S. K.
Published: June 2023

Graphene has been hailed by scientists as the “wonder material” of the 21st century. Despite the impressive mechanical and electrical qualities of graphene in its unprocessed state, graphene‐based epoxy nanocomposites can only be used as a structural material on a small scale. The random dispersion and orientation of graphene in epoxy cause the failure. Magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles are synthesized and solvo‐thermally attached to the graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) surfaces in order to utilize our recently model's suggested optimized alignment parameters. Solution with properly dispersed nanoparticles, that is, Fe3O4‐GNP within epoxy, is exposed to the magnetic field (0.05 T). Morphology, microstructure, and magnetic properties of GNP, Fe3O4, and Fe3O4‐GNP nanoparticles have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The aforementioned characterization method, optical microscopy, and studying the fracture surface morphology confirmed the alignment. The fabricated aligned Fe3O4‐GNP nanocomposite is best used as a functional material.