bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eine Erweiterung der Debye-Clausius-Mosottischen Beziehung Mitteilung zur Berechnung der Molpolarisation
Authors: Koren H. , Treiber E.
Published: January 2015

Im folgenden wird nach einleitender Betrachtung der Schwierigkeiten, die einer exakten Bestimmung der Polarisation eines Stoffes in Lösung im Wege stehen, sowie einem kurzen Überblick über die wesentlichsten Ansätze zur Erfassung derselben, eine neue Beziehung für die Molpolarisation abgeleitet, die eine Erweiterung der DCM-Beziehung darstellt. Im weiteren wird diese mit den experimentellen Ergebnissen verglichen, wobei gezeigt werden kann, daß die hergeleitete Formel - obwohl auch sie nur eine Näherung darstellt - im allgemeinen über den ganzen Konzentrationsbereich Gültigkeit besitzt.
Untersuchungen an den Xenonisotopen 133 X und 135X in der Wilsonschen Nebelkammer
Authors: Behrens Heinz
Published: January 2015

Die bei der Uranspaltung sekundär entstehenden β-aktiven Xenonisotope 133 X und 135 X wurden in der Nebelkammer untersucht. Die den β-Zerfall begleitende γ-Strahlung konnte durch "innere Umwandlung" der γ-Strahlung beobachtet und die Quantenenergien daraus berechnet werden. Der β-Zerfall des Kerns 133X ist von einer γ-Strahlung der Energie 77 ± 15 keV begleitet, während beim Zerfall des Kerns 135X γ-Quantenenergien von 53 ± 10, 148 ± 15, 190 ± 19 und 261 ± 26 keV gemessen wurden. Dabei wurde wahrscheinlich gemacht, daß das 190-keV-γ-Quant in zwei Schritten emittiert werden kann. Einige typische Nebelkammeraufnahmen der am Einzelprozeß beobachteten "inneren Umwandlung" werden gezeigt.
NOTIZEN: Über den amorphen Zustand
Authors: Prins J. A.
Published: January 2015

e r w i n 3 hat unabhängig vom Verfasser, allerdings etwas später, im wesentlichen das gleidie Verfahren zur Behandlung der ionenoptischen Eigenschaften magneti-scher Felder vorgeschlagen und für den Spezialfall t1 =s2 = 0 und Z1 ^ l2 einen Ausdruck für den Öffnungs-fehler angegeben, der sich auch aus der hier angegebenen allgemeinen Formel ableiten läßt. Eine ausführliche Behandlung der Fokussierungseigen-schaften beliebig begrenzter homogener Magnetfelder er-folgt demnächst in dieser Zeitschrift. Substanzen, welche nicht offensichtlich kristallin sind, kennte man früher vielleicht alle amorph nennen, heute ist man vorsichtiger. Man kann und soll Untersdiiede madien, die sich vor allem auf eine kritische Betrachtung des Interferenzbildes (Röntgen-, Elektronen-oder Neu-tronenstrahlen) begründen.
Zur Frage der Kausalität in der Quantentheorie der Elementarteilchen
Authors: Heisenberg W.
Published: January 2015

Im Anschluß an zwei frühere Arbeiten2 wird untersucht, inwieweit man die Abweichungen vom kausalen Verhalten, die nach Fierz3 im Rahmen der dort geschilderten S-Matrix-Theorie auftreten, auf kleinere Raum-Zeit-Gebiete beschränken kann. Ferner werden Argumente für solches Abweichen vom kausalen Verhalten innerhalb einer allgemeinen Theorie der Elementarteilchen besprochen.
Über die Terme der Aktivatoren im Bändermodell der Sulfidphosphore
Authors: Schön Michael
Published: January 2015

Bei Kristallphosphoren mit Rekombinationsleuchten läßt sich im Bändermodell der Aktivator nicht durch einen einzigen Term charakterisieren, da sowohl mit der Anregung wie mit dem Leuchtvorgang eine Ladungsänderung verbunden ist, die Gitterumlagerungen in der Umgebung des Aktivators bewirkt. Es wird gezeigt, daß man für den Aktivator drei Terme angeben muß, von denen der tiefste für den optischen Übergang eines Elektrons aus dem Aktivator ins Leitfähigkeits- oder Valenzband, der mittlere für die thermische Wechselwirkung zwischen Aktivator und den beiden Bändern, und der obere für den optischen Übergang eines Elektrons aus den Bändern in den Aktivator (z. B. Emission) maßgebend ist. Die Abstände zwischen den Termen betragen einige Zehntel eVolt.
Die Massen der Substandards 1H, 2D, 12C und anderer leichter Atome
Authors: Ewald Heinz
Published: January 2015

Es wurden Neumessungen für 18 massenspektrographische Dubletts vorgenommen. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabellen zusammengestellt, ihre Übereinstimmung mit früheren Messungen wird diskutiert. Aus den Messungen folgen neue Werte für die Massen von:

1n, 1H, 2D, 4He, 12C, 13C, 14N, 15N, 17O, 18O, 19F, 20Ne, 21Ne, 22Ne, 28Si, 31P, 32S, 34S und 40A
Zum Problem der chemischen Zündung thermischer Kernreaktionen
Authors: Sänger Eugen
Published: January 2015

Die Zündtemperaturen thermischer Kernreaktionen liegen um 7 bis 10 Zehnerpotenzen höher als jene üblicher chemischer Verbrennungsreaktionen und um 5 bis 8 Größenordnungen über den höchsten chemischen Reaktionstemperaturen.

Im Mittelpunkt konvergierender Verdichtungsstöße in Gasen steigt die Temperatur theoretisch gegen Unendlich. Neuere Anschauungen über die Natur der Detonation fester und flüssiger Sprengstoffe erlauben es, deren Detonationswellen ebenfalls als Verdichtungsstöße in dem mittels Lumineszenzstrahlung vergasten Sprengstoff aufzufassen, denen die chemische Reaktion erst nachfolgt.

Mit Hilfe derartiger konvergenter Detonationswellen kann man daher die Temperatur eines endlichen Bruchteiles der chemisch reagierenden Sprengstoffmasse bis in die Gegend der thermischen Kernzündtemperaturen steigern.

Die Grenze dieser dynamischen Temperatursteigerung ist durch die Gesamtionisierungs-Temperatur bedingt, und man nähert sich in Gemischen aus Sprengstoffschwaden höchster Gesamtionisierungs-Temperatur mit solchen niedrigster Kernzünd-Temperatur anscheinend kritischen Verhältnissen.
Isolated Flavonoids against Mammary Tumour Cells LM2
Authors: Carli Camila B. de A. , Matos Djamile C. de , Lopes Flávia C. M. , Maia Danielle C. G. , Dias Maristela B. , Sannomiya Miriam , Rodrigues Clenilson M. , Andreo Marcio A. , Vilegas Wagner , Colombo Lucas L. , Carlos Iracilda Z.
Published: January 2015

1

The purpose of the present study was to investigate antitumour and anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids isolated from Byrsonima crassa, Davilla elliptica and Mouriri pusa. The antitumour activity was measured by the MTT assay in murine mammary tumour cells (LM2) and the IC50 values of the fl avonoids tested ranged from (31.5 ± 2.97) to (203.1 ± 5.9) μg/ml. The fl avonoids (myricetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside) and 3 (quercetin-3-Ogalactopyranoside) from D. elliptica were the most active ones against the tumour cells. The same samples were tested to determine the inhibition of the release of nitric oxide (NO) and of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in murine macrophages by the Griess and ELISA sandwich assay, respectively. Almost all the samples showed inhibitory activity to the release of NO but not of TNF-α. Of all substances tested, flavonoids 2 (quercetin) and 6 (myricetin) may show promising activity in the treatment of murine breast cancer by immunomodulatory and antiproliferative activities.
Two New 11(15→1)Abeotaxanes with a 2,20-Epoxy Ring from the Needles of Taxus canadensis
Authors: Zhang Man-Li , Zhang Jing , Dong Mei , Feng Shu-Hua , Huo Chang-Hong , Sauriol Françoise , Shi Qing-Wen , Gu Yu-Cheng , Kiyota Hiromasa , Cong Bin
Published: January 2015

1

Two 11(15→1)abeotaxanes having a tetrahydrofuran ring along the carbon atoms C-2, C-3, C-4, C-20 were identified for the first time from the needles of the Canadian yew, Taxus canadensis. The compounds could be identified as 4α,10β,13α-triacetoxy-15-benzoyloxy-2α,20β- epoxy-11(15→1)abeotax-11-ene-5α,7β,9α-triol () and 4α,7β,9α,10β,15-pentaacetoxy-2α,20β- epoxy-11(15→1)abeotax-11-ene-5α,13α-diol (2) on the basis of 1D-, 2D-NMR evidence and high-resolution FABMS analysis. Compound 1 showed weak growth inhibitory activities against T-98 and MM1-CB cells in vitro.
Subadditive Interactions between Antioxidants in the Protection against Lipid Peroxidation
Authors: Piotrowski Łukasz , Bartosz Grzegorz
Published: January 2015

Synergistic interactions between antioxidants have been postulated but not proven. On the contrary, it has been reported that the antioxidant activity of mixtures of antioxidants can be lower than the sum of the antioxidant activities of individual components. We report that such a situation can be observed in 2,2ʹ-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)- treated phosphatidylcholine liposomes in which lipid peroxidation was monitored by oxidation of 4,4-difluoro-5-(4-phenyl-1,3-butadienyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-undecanoic acid (C11-BODIPY581/591). Glutathione, present inside liposomes, and hydrophobic antioxidants, present in the lipid bilayer, protected against lipid peroxidation, but their simultaneous action was lower than the sum of individual contributions. A possible explanation for this effect is proposed.
Nucleosides from the Marine Sponge Haliclona sp.
Authors: Wang Bin , Dong Junde , Zhou Xuefeng , Lee Kyung Jin , Huang Riming , Zhang Si , Liu Yonghong
Published: January 2015

Three known nucleosides were isolated from the sponge Haliclona sp. The structures were established on the basis of NMR data and comparison with those reported, and chemotaxonomic relationships of the sponge nucleosides were discussed.
Chaperone-Like Effect of Polyzwitterions on the Interaction of C1q with IgG
Authors: Ivanov Ivo , Tsacheva Ivanka , Stoyanova Vishnia , Nikolov Miroslav , Tchorbadjieva Magdalena I. , Petrova Svetla , Christov Latchezar , Georgieva Ventsislava , Georgiev George
Published: January 2015

The amphiphilic polyzwitterion (PZ) poly(ethylene oxide-b-N,N-dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl) ammonium propanesulfonate), zwitterionic surfactant (ZS) n-dodecyl- N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonium-1-propanesulfonate, and zwitterionic monomer (ZM) N,Ndimethyl( methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium propanesulfonate were analyzed for their suggested chaperone-like effect on the interaction of C1q and IgG. Our results proved that the PZ retarded the C1q interaction with IgG, demonstrating a specific protein-folding helper effect. The ZS enhanced this interaction, when the ZS concentration was lower than the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and retarded it, when the ZS concentration was above the CMC. The ZM, with no self-assembling ability, did not influence this interaction. These results support the hypothesis of a hydrophobic interaction between Pts and hydrophobic domains of partly denatured protein molecules. The amphiphilic self-assemblies, formed by polyzwitterionic macromolecules or zwitterionic surfactants, have the ability to transform the hydrophobic domains of the protein molecules into hydrophilic ones, covering them with their hydrophilic parts.
Antimicrobial Activity of New 2,4-Disubstituted Thiazolidinone Derivatives
Authors: El-Sayed Wael A. , Abdel-Monem Yasser K. , Yousif Nabil M. , Tawfek Nashwa , Shaaban Mohamed T. , Abdel-Rahman Adel A.-H.
Published: January 2015

A number of new disubstituted 2,5-thiazolidinone derivatives were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-negative), and Streptomyces species (Actinomycetes). They displayed different degrees of antimicrobial activities or inhibitory actions
Inhibition of the Initiation Stage of Carcinogenesis by Salvia disermas Constituents
Authors: Hawas Usama W. , Gamal-Eldeen Amira M. , El-Toumy Sayed A. A. , Meyer J. J. Marion , Hussein Ahmed A.
Published: January 2015

Phytochemical studies of an ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Salvia disermas resulted in the isolation of seven known compounds, rosmarinic (1) and caffeic (2) acids, salvigenin (3), luteolin (4), luteolin 7-O-β-arabinoside (5), luteolin 7-O-β-glucoside (6), and ocotillol II (7). The initiation stage of carcinogenesis is triggered by activation of procarcinogens by phase I enzymes, such as cytochrome P-450 1A, and oxidative stress that leads to DNA damage. The initiation stage is countered by phase II detoxifi cation enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases (GST), quinine reductase (QR), epoxide hydrolase (mEH) besides conjugation with thiols. We aimed to investigate the cancer chemopreventive and tumour anti-initiating activity of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Salvia disermas and its constituents. The S. disermas extract was a promising inhibitor of CYP1A activity, inducer of GST, QR, and mEH activities, enhancer of thiol content, radical scavenger, and inhibitor of DNA damage. On the other hand, 3 was an enhancer of thiol content and QR activity, while 4 was an inhibitor of CYP1A activity, inducer of QR activity, and radical scavenger of ROO•, and 5 was an inducer of GST activity and inhibitor of DNA damage. The present study indicated that the ethanolic extract of S. disermas and 4 are promising anti-initiating and multipotent blocking agents.
Growth and Antioxidant Responses in Jatropha curcas Cotyledons under Lead Stress
Authors: Gao Shun , Yan Rui , Wu Jun , Zhang Fu-li , Wang Sheng-hua , Chen Fang
Published: January 2015

Jatropha curcas embryos were grown in vitro to observe the effects of lead on cotyledon responses. The cotyledon biomass increased initially and then decreased with increasing lead concentration. The SOD activity increased gradually up to 200 μM and then decreased. The POD activity showed a similar trend. The CAT activity was increased at all lead concentrations, the highest activity being observed at 200 μM. However, the PAL activity was inhibited significantly except for 100 μM. Anaylsis by electrophoresis suggested a significant correlation between lead concentration and patterns of SOD, POD and CAT isoenzymes, and these results were consistent with changes of the antioxidant enzyme activities as assayed in solution.
Induction of Pyridine Alkaloid Formation in Transformed Root Cultures of Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Zayed Rawia , Wink Michael
Published: January 2015

Hairy root cultures of Nicotiana tabacum were set up by excised root tips with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. The successful transformation was confirmed by analyzing rolC and virC genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Hairy root cultures were employed to study the formation of pyridine alkaloids, mainly nicotine. The transformed cultures were incubated with potential elicitors, such as methyljasmonate, quercetin and salicylic acid, in order to stimulate the biosynthesis of pyridine alkaloids. Profile and amounts of pyridine alkaloids were analyzed using capillary GLC-MS. Treatment of the cultures with methyljasmonate (50 μM) increased the alkaloid accumulation ca. 7-fold up to a level of 0.58 mg/g fresh weight as compared to untreated controls. Quercetin (200 μM) enhanced the alkaloid production ca. 4-fold (0.34 mg/g fresh weight) within 24 h. In contrast salicylic acid in all tested concentrations decreased the alkaloid level to 1 μg/g fresh weight. Also the inhibitory effect of salicylic acid on the elicitation effect of methyljasmonate and quercetin was investigated.
Addition of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Markers to the Genetic Linkage Map of Brassica rapa L. (syn. campestris)
Authors: Panigrahi Jogeswar , Patnaik Anjana , Kole Phullara , Kole Chitta ranjan
Published: January 2015

Genetic linkage analysis of 151 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci, that included eight new loci, detected by the six probes in the present study, and four trait loci including seed colour, leaf pubescence, resistance to white rust caused by Albugo candida race-2 (AC-2) and race-7 (AC-7) employing the MAPMAKER/EXP 3.0 programme led to the development of 10 linkage groups (LGs) spanning over 44.4 centiMorgan (cM) to 130.4 cM containing 9 to 22 loci and two short LGs with two or three marker loci in Brassica rapa. The enriched map covers 993.1 cM of B. rapa genome with an average marker interval of 6.41. Eight new RFLP loci occupied new map positions on five linkage groups, LG 2, 3, 6, 8 and 9. Addition of these RFLP loci led to appreciable changes in the corresponding linkage groups and resulted in an increase of the total map length by 102.8 cM and of the marker interval by 0.35 cM. Interval mapping by using the computer programme MAPMAKER/ QTL 1.1 for scanning the genetic map led to the detection of one major quantitative trait locus (QTL) in LG 4 and one minor QTL in LG 8 governing resistance to AC-7. Both QTLs contributed 7.89 to the interaction phenotype (IP) score with 96.3% genetic variation. The multi-locus model suggested additive gene action with 96.8% genetic variation.
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides with Oxazole-Containing Amino Acid: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Stankova Ivanka , Spasova Maya
Published: January 2015

Three hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives conjugated with glycine-containing oxazole were synthesized. The prepared compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH・) test. Among the tested hydroxycinnamic acid amides the highest DPPH scavenging activity has been found for the sinapic acid amide.
Cytotoxic Activity of Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes of N-3-Pyridinylmethanesulfonamide: the Influence of Electroporation
Authors: Dodoff Nicolay I. , Iordanov Iordan , Tsoneva Iana , Grancharov Konstantin , Detcheva Roumyana , Pajpanova Tamara , Berger Martin R.
Published: January 2015

The series of complexes: cis-[Pd(PMSA)2X2], cis-[Pt(PMSA)2X2], trans-[Pt(PMSA)2I2] and [Pt(PMSA)4]Cl2 (PMSA = N-3-pyridinylmethanesulfonamide; X = Cl, Br, I), previously synthesized and characterized by us, as well as the free ligand PMSA, were tested for their cytotoxic activity without electroporation - against murine leukemia F4N and human SKW-3 and MDA-MB-231 tumour cell lines - and with electroporation - against the latter two cell lines. The majority of the complexes exhibited cytotoxic effects (IC50 < 100 μmol/l) under the conditions of electroporation. Both cis- and trans-[Pt(PMSA)2I2] had pronounced cytotoxic effects (29 - 61 μmol/l against MDA-MB-231 cells).
Trichopyrone and Other Constituents from the Marine Sponge-Derived Fungus Trichoderma sp.
Authors: Abdel-Lateff Ahmed , Fisch Katja , Wright Anthony D.
Published: January 2015

The fungus Trichoderma viride was isolated from the Caribbean sponge Agelas dispar, which was collected from waters around the island of Dominica. Its EtOAc extract, exhibiting mild radical scavenging properties, was mass cultivated and found to produce a new pyranone derivative, trichopyrone (1), and ten compounds, namely four sorbicillinoid polyketide derivatives, trichodermanone A-D (2 - 5), two hexaketide derivatives, rezishanone (6) and vertinolide (7), three known dodecaketides, trichodimerol (8), bislongiquinolide (trichotetronine, 9), and bisvertinol (10), as well as 2-furancarboxylic acid (11). The structures of all compounds were determined by interpretation of their spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR, MS, UV and IR). The biological activities of all isolates were evaluated in a series of bioassays (radical scavenging, antioxidant, antimicrobial, inhibition of HIV-1 RT). The majority had very weak or no effects in the applied test systems
The Fatty Acid Synthase of the Basidiomycete Omphalotus olearius Is a Single Polypeptide
Authors: Antelo Luis , Schlipp Angela , Hof Carolin , Eisfeld Katrin , Berg Holger , Hornbogen Till , Zocher Rainer , Anke Heidrun
Published: January 2015

Fatty acids are essential components of almost all biological membranes. Additionally, they are important in energy storage, as second messengers during signal transduction, and in post-translational protein modification. De novo synthesis of fatty acids is essential for almost all organisms, and entails the iterative elongation of the growing fatty acid chain through a set of reactions conserved in all kingdoms. During our work on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, a 450-kDa protein was detected by SDS-PAGE of enriched fractions from mycelial lysates from the basidiomycete Omphalotus olearius. Protein sequencing of this protein band revealed the presence of peptides with homology to both α and β subunits of the ascomycete fatty acid synthase (FAS) family. The FAS encoding gene of O. olearius was sequenced. The positions of its predicted 21 introns were verified. The gene encodes a 3931 amino acids single protein, with an equivalent of the ascomycetous β subunit at the N-terminus and the α subunit at the C-terminus. This is the first report on an FAS protein from a homobasidiomycete and also the first fungal FAS which is comprised of a single polypeptide.
Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of New Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Isolated from Oilfield Samples
Authors: Chen Wu , Xiang Fu , Fu Jie , Wang Qiang , Wang Wenjun , Zeng Qingfu , Yu Longjiang
Published: January 2015

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) has been investigated in an oilfield injection water system. Strain CW-01 was isolated from an oilfield and strain CW-04 was isolated from biofilm dirt of pipeline walls. The strains were facultative anaerobes, non-motile, Gram-positive, pole flagellum, and spore-forming curved rods. The growth was observed over the temperature range 20-70 °C. Strain CW-01 grew optimally at 37 °C. The pH range for growth was 3.0-11, optimal at pH 6.0. Strain CW-04 grew optimally at 48 °C. The pH range for growth was 3.0-10, optimal at pH 7.2. The strains grew at a very broad range of salt concentrations. Optimal growth was observed with 1.5 g/L NaCl for strain CW-01 and 0.7 g/L NaCl for strain CW-04. The strains showed most similarity in physiological characteristics, except for acetone and saccharose. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences allowed strains CW-01 and CW-04 to be classified into the genus Desulfotomaculum. The corrosion speciality of the strains had been comparatively investigated. Especially SRB’s growth curve, bearable oxygen capability, drug fastness and corrosion rate had been analyzed. The results showed that it is difficult to prevent bacterial corrosion caused by these two strains.
Bioactive Chemical Constituents and Comparative Antimicrobial Activity of Callus Culture and Adult Plant Extracts from Alternanthera tenella
Authors: Salvador Marcos J. , Pereira Paulo S. , França Suzelei C. , Candido Regina C. , Ito Izabel Y. , Dias Diones A.
Published: January 2015

Crude extracts of a callus culture (two culture media) and adult plants (two collections) from Alternanthera tenella Colla (Amaranthaceae) were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity, in order to investigate the maintenance of antimicrobial activity of the extracts obtained from plants in vivo and in vitro. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was determined against thirty strains of microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and dermatophytes. Ethanolic and hexanic extracts of adult plants collected during the same period of the years 1997 and 2002 [Ribeirão Preto (SP), collections 1 and 2] and obtained from plant cell callus culture in two different hormonal media (AtT43 and AtT11) inhibited the growth of bacteria, yeasts and dermatophytes with inhibition halos between 6 and 20 mm. For the crude extracts of adult plants bioassay-guided fractionation, purification, and isolation were performed by chromatographic methods, and the structures of the isolated compounds were established by analysis of chemical and spectral evidences (UV, IR, NMR and ES-MS). Steroids, saponins and flavonoids (aglycones and C-glycosides) were isolated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the isolated compounds varied from 50 to 500 μg/mL
Selenium Accumulation in Mycelia of Flammulina velutipes during Fermentation Determined by RP-HPLC
Authors: Ma Yunfeng , Xiang Fu , Jin Wenwen , Liao Na , Yu Longjiang
Published: January 2015

A method to estimate the content of selenium in organics was introduced based on reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The maximum absorption peak of piazselenol was at 330 nm and the optimized temperature and pH value were 40 °C and 2.8, respectively. The minimum detection concentration of selenium(IV) was 0.06 μg/mL and the measurable range was 0.12 - 12.0 μg/mL. The organic selenium accumulation in golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) mycelia was obtained by subtracting the amount of inorganic selenium from that of total selenium. The organic selenium accumulation of various inoculation amounts showed that organic selenium accumulation in a unit volume of the fermentation broth was positively related the inoculation amount. Compared with the methods reported previously, the method used here is simple, reliable and less toxic
Prevention of Copper-Induced Calcium Influx and Cell Death by Prion-Derived Peptide in Suspension-Cultured Tobacco Cells
Authors: Kagenishi Tomoko , Yokawa Ken , Kuse Masaki , Isobe Minoru , Bouteau François , Kawano Tomonori
Published: January 2015

Impact of copper on the oxidative and calcium signal transductions leading to cell death in plant cells and the effects of the copper-binding peptide derived from the human prion protein (PrP) as a novel plant-protecting agent were assessed using a cell suspension culture of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cell line BY-2) expressing the aequorin gene. Copper induces a series of biological and chemical reactions in plant cells including the oxidative burst reflecting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals, and stimulation of calcium channel opening, allowing a transient increase in cytosolic calcium concentrations. The former was proven by the action of specifiC ROS scavengers blocking the calcium responses and the latter was proven by an increase in aequorin luminescence and its inhibition by specifi c channel blockers. Following these early events completed within 10 min, the development of copper-induced cell death was observed during additional 1 h in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of a synthetic peptide (KTNMKHMA) corresponding to the neurotoxic sequence in human PrP, prior to the addition of copper, effectively blocked both calcium influx and cell death induced by copper. Lastly, a possible mechanism of peptide action and future applications of this peptide in the protection of plant roots from metal toxicity or in favour of phytoremediation processes are discussed
Alkylation of Adenosine Deaminase and Thioredoxin by Acrylamide in Human Cell Cultures
Authors: Schwend Thomas , Möller Maren , Schabacker Jens , Ruppert Thomas , Wink Michael
Published: January 2015

Acrylamide is an α,β-unsaturated vinyl monomer that causes cytotoxicity due to its alkylating properties. In recent years several proteins have been identified that are alkylated by acrylamide in vivo. This finding might explain the neurotoxic effects of acrylamide in humans. However, the list of potential acrylamide target proteins is far from being complete. In particular, the proteins that mediate the cytotoxicity of acrylamide in cell cultures remained unknown. Here we identify two novel acrylamide target proteins in human cell cultures (Jurkat, HepG2 and Caco-2), adenosine deaminase and thioredoxin
Inhibitors of ABC Transporters and Biophysical Methods to Study their Activity
Authors: Bartosiewicz Dominika , Krasowska Anna
Published: January 2015

Multidrug resistance caused by the presence and overproduction of ABC transporters makes serious problems in cancer treating. The drugs administered during therapy are pumped outside the cell using the energy obtained from ATP hydrolysis. The augmented dosage of drugs to overcome the multidrug resistance is not sufficient. Thus knowledge of the structure of ABC proteins is necessary to understand the rules of their action. It could be also helpful to understand how the multidrug resistance could be overcome. One of the strategies involves the treatment of cancer cells with a mixture of anticancer drugs and inhibitors of ABC transporters. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whose PDR pumps are analogues of mammalian MDR proteins responsible for multidrug resistance, is a suitable research model. Biophysical methods with different fluorescent dyes seem to be very suitable for the measurement of the efflux pump activity. This review describes some known inhibitors of ABC proteins and biophysical methods which could be used for measuring the ABC transporters activity.
Antiproliferative Activity on Human Cancer Cell Lines after Treatment with Polyphenolic Compounds Isolated from Iris pseudopumila Flowers and Rhizomes
Authors: Conforti Filomena , Menichini Federica , Rigano Daniela , Senatore Felice
Published: January 2015

The present study describes the antiproliferative properties of Iris pseudopumila flowers and rhizomes extracts and fourteen constituents isolated from them. The in vitro cytotoxic activity assay against two human cancer cell lines, large lung carcinoma (CORL-23) and amelanotic melanoma (C32), showed that the most antiproliferative extract was the MeOH extract from flowers with a percentage of inhibition of 50.9 at 100 μg/ml against amelanotic melanoma cells. The most antiproliferative compounds against amelanotic melanoma cells were kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and irisolidone with a percentage of inhibition of 100 and 96.6, respectively, and against large lung carcinoma cells with a percentage of inhibition of 82.1 and 84.6, respectively. Significant activity on the amelanotic melanoma cell line was also showed by irigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, with a percentage of inhibition of 89.3. The compounds isovitexin and isoorientin-6-O’’-β-D-glucopyranoside showed a selective activity against amelanotic melanoma cells with a percentage of inhibition of 83.2 and 79.8, respectively.
Cytotoxic Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Endangered, Chinese Endemic Species Dysosma pleiantha
Authors: Lu Yin , Chen Shaoyuan , Wang Ben
Published: January 2015

Eleven strains of endophytic fungi which habitat in an endangered, Chinese endemic medicinal plant, Dysosma pleiantha (Hance) Woodson, were isolated and tested for their cytotoxic activity using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Six isolates were found to exhibit some cytotoxic activity. Extracts of F1273, F1276, and F1280, which were identified as Trichoderma citrinoviride, Chaetomium globosum and Ascomycete sp., in particular, showed most potent activity with LC50 values of 4.86, 7.71, and 14.88 μg/ml, respectively. These results indicate that endophytic fungi of Dysosma pleiantha could be a promising source for antitumour agents.
In vitro Cultures of Cyclopia Plants (Honeybush) as a Source of Bioactive Xanthones and Flavanones
Authors: Kokotkiewicz Adam , Wnuk Malgorzata , Bucinski Adam , Luczkiewicz Maria
Published: January 2015

In vitro shoot and callus cultures of the endemic South-African shrubs: Cyclopia intermedia E. Mey., Cyclopia subternata Vogel, and Cyclopia genistoides (L.) Vent. (Fabaceae) were established and examined for the presence of polyphenolic compounds. The xanthones mangiferin and isomangiferin, as well as the flavanones hesperidin and eriocitrin were identified by LC-ESI-MS and LC-DAD, and analyzed quantitatively by HPLC. The respective intact plants were analyzed for comparison. From all in vitro cultures, the highest levels of mangiferin (1.55%) and isomangiferin (0.56%) were recorded in C. subternata microshoots, compared to 1.31% and 0.49% found in the intact plant. Callus cultures of all species synthesized only trace amounts of mangiferin and isomangiferin. Hesperidin and eriocitrin contents were significanly lower in all in vitro cultures, in comparison to the respective intact plants. Among the obtained in vitro biomasses, the highest hesperidin content was recorded in C. intermedia (0.9%) and C. subternata (0.87%) microshoots, whereas C. subternata callus was characterized by the best growth parameters and highest hesperidin content (0.69%) from all examined Cyclopia calli.
Structure-Activity Relationship of Taxol Inferring from Docking Taxol Analogues to Microtubule Binding Site
Authors: Xiang Fu , Yu Jiangyan , Yin Rui , Ma Yunfeng , Yu Longjiang
Published: January 2015

In order to find the minimal structural requirements to maintain microtubule binding, 12 taxol analogues have been docked to the taxol binding site of tubulin. By comparing the interactions of each analogue with β-tubulin, the structure-activity relationships are summarized as follow: C-2 benzoyl and taxane ring systems are the essential groups for microtubule binding, the improvements of bioactivity and bioavailability are dependent on the substituents at positions C-1, C-4, C-7, C-9, C-10, and C-14, whereas the C-13 side chain mainly provides a specific binding.
Construction and Application of a Baculovirus Genomic Library
Authors: Chen Yin , Lin Xu’ai , Yi Yongzhu , Lu Yiyu , Zhang Zhifang
Published: January 2015

A random genomic library of the baculovirus Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) was constructed and viral factors were identified by screening the regulator(s) for helicase gene expression. DNAs of 238 library plasmids were used to co-transfect with the reporter plasmid, pHp510-luc, in which the luciferase (luc) gene was driven by the baculovirus helicase promoter. Results showed that eight plasmids of the library strengthened the luciferase activity more than 1000-fold. Sequence analyses revealed that all of the eight plasmids contained an intactie-1 coding region. To confirm the reliability of the screening library, pHp510-luc was co-transfected with the cloned early gene which revealed that the BmNPV IE-1 was the only early factor that could stimulate the helicase promoter. The function analyses suggested that genome-wide screening factors through the library are powerful means to investigate the transcriptional regulation of dsDNA viruses.
Pharmacological Study on Some New 3-[(1-Methylpyrrol-2-yl)- methyl]-4-Substituted 4,5-Dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones
Authors: Pitucha Monika , Chodkowska Anna , Duda Renata , Jagiełło-Wójtowicz Ewa
Published: January 2015

3-[(1-Methylpyrrol-2-yl)methyl]-4-substituted 4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones were obtained by the cyclization reaction of 1-[(1-methylpyrrol-2-yl)acetyl]-4-substituted semicarbazides in alkaline medium. The effects of the synthesized compounds of the central nervous system of mice were studied
Free Phenolic Acids from the Seaweed Halimeda monile with Antioxidant Effect Protecting against Liver Injury
Authors: Mancini-Filho Jorge , Novoa Alexis Vidal , González Ana Elsa Batista , de Andrade-Wartha Elma Regina S , Mancini Dalva Assunção Portari
Published: January 2015

Phenolic compounds are found in seaweed species together with other substances presenting antioxidant activity. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the free phenolic acids (FPA) fraction from the seaweed Halimeda monile, and its activity to protect the expression of hepatic enzymes in rats, under experimental CCl4 injury. The antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method. The FPA fraction (80 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered during 20 consecutive days to rats. The peroxidation was performed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The SOD and CAT enzymatic expressions were measured by RT/PCR. The histology technique was used to evaluate liver injuries. The expression of both, CAT and SOD genes, was more preserved by FPA. Only partial injury could be observed by histology in the liver of rats receiving FPA as compared with the control group; and CCl4 administration induced 60% more peroxidation as compared with the rats receiving FPA. These data suggest that FPA could modulate the antioxidant enzymes and oxidative status in the liver through protection against adverse effects induced by chemical agents
The Origin of Spectral Effects in Photosynthesis
Authors: Zeinalov Yuzeir
Published: January 2015

The non-linearity of photosynthetic light curves and the real reasons leading to the appearance of the “red drop of quantum efficiency” and “enhancement” (Emerson’s second) effects are presented. On the contrary to the generally accepted interpretation that these effects are induced from the participation of the two different photochemical systems, it is shown that they are simply a direct consequence of the initial non-linearity of the photosynthetic light curves
Identification of Sugar Signals Controlling the Nitrate Uptake by Rice Roots Using a Noninvasive Technique
Authors: Zhou Shiyi , Gao Xuan , Wang Changdong , Yang Guangxiao , Cram William John , He Guangyuan
Published: January 2015

In order to evaluate the hypothesis that nitrate uptake is under positive control by sugars, a simple noninvasive model was used to measure the effects of nine modulating sugars on the net nitrate uptake in rice under constant low nitrate concentration. The results showed that the fastest and greatest acceleration in nitrate uptake were observed after sucrose was added, and this change reached a peak 1.5 h after treatment. In addition, we found that 1 mM sucrose could affect the nitrate uptake in rice roots for 8.5 h. The three most positive effective sugars and one negative effective sugar were selected for further analyzing their effect on the expression of nitrate transporter gene OsNrt2.1. The result of RT-PCR showed that the expression of OsNrt2.1 was upregulated by sucrose, glucose and galactose. Among the three positive effective sugars tested, sucrose was found to have significant and continuous enhanced stimulation on OsNrt2.1 gene expression within 4 h, which indicated that sucrose could be as a specific signal to regulate the net nitrate uptake
Purification and Characterization of Tyrosinases from Streptomyces albus
Authors: Dolashki Aleksandar , Gushterova Adriana , Voelter Wolfgang , Tchorbanov Bozhidar
Published: January 2015

The bacterium Streptomyces albus has so far never been investigated for tyrosinase activity. The studies presented in this communication show that this bacterium may be a future source for larger production of tyrosinase. The enzyme was purified starting with 5,600 ml of culture filtrate. The crude enzyme was first purified by centrifugation, followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultrafiltration. Then, melanin was removed applying a Servacell DEAE 52 resin, using the batch technique. Thereafter, the crude enzyme was loaded on a SEC Sephacryl S-100 column and, after ultrafiltration, 1.17 mg of purified tyrosinase were obtained. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was determined by MALDI mass spectrometry to be 30,096 Da which corresponds to the obtained results from SDS-PAGE. Using the diphenol L-DOPA and the monophenol L-tyrosine as substrates, the kinetic parameters for both substrates, Km = 7.8 mM and 0.5 mM and kcat/Km = 157 mM-1 s-1 and 23 mM-1 s-1, respectively, were determined. Maximal activities of the purified enzyme were recorded at pH 7.0. Long-term experiments with Streptomyces albus tyrosinase revealed that storage of the lyophilized enzyme sample at temperatures below zero turned out to be the best. For tyrosinase in buffer containing 20% glycerol, no loss of activity was observed at 4°C and - 60°C
Biochemical Identification of Dynein-ATPase Activity in Human Sperm
Authors: Vívenes Carmen Y. , Peralta-Arias Rubén D. , Camejo María Isabel , Guerrero Kenia , Fernández Víctor H. , Piñero Sandy , Proverbio Teresa , Proverbio Fulgencio , Marín Reinaldo
Published: January 2015

Dynein-ATPase is the intracellular motor for sperm motility. In the present work we assayed the dynein-ATPase activity in an axoneme-containing fraction of human sperm, free of plasma membranes, in normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic donors. Axonemecontaining fractions were isolated from semen samples obtained from healthy donors with either normozoospermia or asthenozoospermia, as indicated by a sperm motility lower than 50% (WHO grade a + b). The dynein-ATPase activity was assayed and partially characterized. The dynein-ATPase activity in the axoneme-containing fractions was identified as Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity inhibited by 10 μM vanadate. This inhibition was not seen when the assay was done in the presence of 1 mM norepinephrine. The dynein-ATPase activity is Mg2+-dependent, Li+-sensitive, and insensitive to 2 mM ouabain, 1 μM oligomycin, and 1 μM thapsigargin. The dynein-ATPase activity was significantly lower (p < 0.001) for asthenozoospermic donors as compared to normozoospermic donors. This is a straightforward dynein-ATPase assay that can be used to obtain data of functional interest in clinical or experimental settings
Localization of Enolase in the Subfractions of a Breast Cancer Cell Line
Authors: Seweryn Ewa , Pietkiewicz Jadwiga , Bednarz-Misa Iwona S. , Ceremuga Ireneusz , Saczko Jolanta , Kulbacka Julita , Gamian Andrzej
Published: January 2015

Enolase detected on the cell surface may be a receptor for certain ligands, especially for plasminogen. It is important for the pathogen invasiveness and in the development of a tumour. Therefore, we sought to preliminarily determine the enolase location and catalytic activity in the subfractions of MCF-7 cells. The latter was done on intact cells and in subfractions of MCF-7 cells. We identified enolase by immunoblotting. The binding of human plasminogen to enolase was performed by immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies against plasminogen. The intact MCF-7 cells demonstrated activity of enolase. Enolase in postnuclear and perinuclear fractions is catalyticly active too. We identified the enolase protein in immunoblots of these fractions, except for the nuclear subfraction. These results provide evidence that enolase is present on the intact surface of MCF-7 cells and in post- and perinuclear fractions. The surface protein maintained catalytic activity, which suggests that its location in the plasma membrane didn’t change the active centre of the enzyme
Bioreduction of Some Common Carbonylic Compounds Mediated by Yeasts
Authors: Silva Javier , Alarcón Julio , Aguila Sergio A. , Alderete Joel B.
Published: January 2015

Bioreduction of several prochiral carbonylic compounds such as acetophenone (1), ethyl acetoacetate (2) and ethyl phenylpropionate (3) to the corresponding optically active secalcohols 1a - 3a was performed using wild-type strains of Pichia pastoris UBB 1500, Rhodotorula sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The reductions showed moderate to excellent conversion and high enantiomeric excess, in an extremely mild and environmentally benign manner in aqueous medium, using glucose as cofactor regeneration system. The obtained alcohols follow Prelog’s rule, but in the reduction of 1 with P. pastoris UBB 1500 the anti- Prelog enantiopreference was observed
New Analogues of Acyclovir – Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Stankova Ivanka , Schichkov Stoyan , Kostova Kalina , Galabov Angel
Published: January 2015

New acyclovir esters with peptidomimetics were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antiviral activity against the replication of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). The infl uence of peptidomimetics containing oxazole and thiazolyl-thiazole moieties on the antiviral activity is also reported. The esters were synthesized using the coupling reagents N-ethyl-N’-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst.
Microbial Transformation of Selected Flavanones as a Method of Increasing the Antioxidant Properties
Authors: Kostrzewa-Susłow Edyta , Dmochowska-Gładysz Jadwiga , Janeczko Tomasz
Published: January 2015

Antioxidant properties of substrates [fl avanone (1), 6-hydroxy- (2), 7-hydroxy- (3), 5,7,4’- trihydroxy- (5), and 7-methoxyfl avanone (4)] and products of their microbial transformations, comprising hydroxylation, O-methylation, stereospecifi c reduction, dehydrogenation, and C-ring cleavage of the benzo-γ-pyrone system, were determined. Measurements of the antiradical activity (expressed as IC50 value) of both the substrates and the products led to the determination of the impact of type and location of substituents in the tested fl avonoids on changes in their antioxidant activities.
Light Stress Is Not Effective to Enhanced Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
Authors: Kornas Andrzej , Miszalski Zbigniew , Surówka Ewa , Fischer-Schliebs Elke , Lüttge Ulrich
Published: January 2015

Clusia minor L., a C3-CAM intermediate, and Clusia multifl ora H. B. K., a C3 obligate, present two physiotypes of a similar morphotype occurring sympatrically in the fi eld. Both species, exposed 2 days to high light, show similar responses to this kind of stress: (i) the level of xanthophyll pigments in tested plants during the daycourse adapts to stress, (ii) the levels of antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin clearly increase during the afternoon showing increased de-epoxidation, (iii) the changes in the xanthophyll cycle are similar. Exposure to high light increases the malate levels in C. minor during the afternoon while decreases the day/night changes of the malate levels, and hence the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) expression. It can be concluded that strong light applied as a single stress factor to well-watered plants is not effective in strengthing the CAM metabolism in a C3-CAM intermediate plant but rather suppresses the CAM activity despite exposure to high light energy. It is suggested that, when water supply is not limiting and other stresses do not prevail, C3 allows to use up the citrate pool, especially in the afternoon and enables a superior daily photon utilization.
Effects of Cadmium Stress on Alternative Oxidase and Photosystem II in Three Wheat Cultivars
Authors: Duan Yong-Ping , Yuan Shu , Tu Shi-Hua , Feng Wen-Qiang , Xu Fei , Zhang Zhong- Wei , Chen Yang-Er , Wang Xiao , Shang Jing , Lin Hong-Hui
Published: January 2015

The effects of Cd stress (200 μmol/L, 8 days) on respiration and photosynthesis of three wheat cultivars were investigated: Chuanyu 12 (CY12), Chuanmai 42 (CM42), and Chuanmai 47 (CM47). Fifteen-day-old seedlings were exposed to 200 μmol/L CdCl2 for 4 days and 8 days, respectively. The results indicated that Cd was accumulated largely in roots, but little in leaves of all three cultivars. CY12 accumulated the highest level of Cd in roots and showed the weakest resistance. On the contrary, the other two cultivars, CM42 and CM47, adapted better to Cd stress, and their thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) contents were lower than in CY12, but the chlorophyll contents and water contents were higher than in CY12. Additionally, Cd stress prompted the alternative oxidase (AOX) activity and upregulated the cyanide-resistant respiration in CM42 and CM47 after 8 days; no such induction was observed for CY12. The CO2 assimilation rate, leaf stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fl uorescence were inhibited by Cd stress in all cultivars, but more severe in the CY12 cultivar. Western blots indicated that the content of the photosystem II proteins LHCII and D1 decreased in CY12, but did not change in CM42 and CM47. While the content of the mitochondrial AOX protein increased markedly in CM42 and CM47, it did not in CY12. These results suggested that AOX and LHCII could be regarded as indicators of plant’s resistance to heavy metals.
Structure and Biosynthesis of Lecanopyrone, a Naphtho[1,8-cd]pyran-3-one Derivative from Cultured Lichen Mycobionts of Lecanora leprosa
Authors: Takenaka Yukiko , Hamada Nobuo , Tanahashi Takao
Published: January 2015

From the cultures of spore-derived mycobionts of the lichen Lecanora leprosa a novel naphtho[1,8-cd]pyran-3-one derivative, lecanopyrone, was isolated. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods. The assembly pattern of acetate units in its biosynthesis was verified using sodium [1-13C]-acetate and sodium [1,2-13C2]-acetate