bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Improved Energy Performance of Buildings on Air Quality over the Greater Athens Area
Authors: Frilingou N , Bouris D
Published: January 2020

Air pollution episodes are common in the Greater Athens Area (GAA) because of its pollutant source concentration, complex topography, and regional meteorology. For the GAA, over 90% of the existing building stock is classified below energy class B, so the effects of upgrades on energy savings are obvious and have been widely discussed. The present study focuses on the potential effects that a realistic level of implementation of the EPBD will have on the air quality over the GAA. Three renovation scenarios were examined with an implementation rate of 20%. Numerical simulation of primary pollutants’ dispersion over the GAA was performed using the CALPUFF modelling system. Ground level concentrations of SO2, NOx, CO and PM10 were calculated, taking into account pollutant releases from major roads and highways, passenger ports and cargo transport, residential heating installations and major industrial installations. The required source data was taken from National and European statistics, demographics and local topography while the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was implemented for the required high resolution meteorological field data. The modelling system was first successfully validated by comparison with available measurements of pollutant concentrations and then applied to case studies of EPBD implementation. Reductions up to ∼6% were found in the ground level concentrations of major pollutants.
Green Wall systems: where do we stand?
Authors: Palermo S A , Turco M
Published: January 2020

In the last few years, the increase of impervious surfaces, due to ongoing urbanization and climate change led several environmental impacts such as: urban heat island effect, air pollution, urban flooding, deterioration of water discharged in the receiving water bodies, and so on. In this context, a sustainable strategy is required, and an innovative solution can be found in the implementation of low impact development (LID) systems as green walls. These sustainable solutions, by reintroducing vegetation in urban area, can partially restore the pre-urbanization situation and mitigate these drastic environmental impacts. To investigate the state of art of these techniques, a deeper overview on the green wall systems was carried out. This analysis was finalized to evaluate the current developed systems in terms of classification, components and benefits in order to establish where do we stand in terms of evolution of these systems and where we are going in terms of new trends and possible future directions.
Urban rain water management-Results of questionnaire research in Thessaloniki, Greece.
Authors: Basdeki A , Katsifarakis K L
Published: January 2020

This paper presents results of a questionnaire research regarding public perception of flood damage or nuisance caused by rain, and attitude towards ecological rainwater management techniques. The questionnaires have been addressed mainly to residents of the central part of Thessaloniki, a major urban area of Greece. Results reveal that: a) ninety-one (91%) percent of the respondents acknowledged that there is serious problem caused even by medium rain events, b) most respondents (95%) are positive about the use of rain gardens and other ecological techniques, which mitigate the nuisance caused by inundation of streets and sidewalks during rain events and c) 76% of the respondents are not disposed to pay anything for new ecological rainwater management infrastructure to reduce the hazard, while 3% are disposed to pay 1€ more in their bills for the Thessaloniki Water Supply & Sewerage Co. S.A., 6% to pay 5€, 4% to pay 10€, and 10% to pay 20€ or more.
Meta-study of residential energy studies in India
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Tuteja Sanjoli , Mathur Jyotirmay , Garg Vishal
Published: January 2020

Residential energy (electricity) use in India is expected to grow four-fold by 2030, yet there is paucity of data that is essential for developing energy policy or programme. This paper undertakes a meta-study of residential energy studies in India to characterise their scope, data collection methods and findings. An in-depth review of literature was undertaken using Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect to identify relevant journal publications, conference papers and reports. A series of expert workshops were held to identify any data gaps and stakeholders’ needs. The identified studies were characterised using a meta-data framework that included criteria such as climate, dwelling form, income group, methods and study duration. An online searchable platform (REACT) was created to make the identified studies more accessible using the meta-data criteria. Of the 29 studies identified, only 16 were published in peer-reviewed publications (10 in journals and 6 in conferences proceedings). About 11 studies focussed on dwelling-level energy use, while the remaining used econometric data and statistical modelling at a macro-scale. To develop evidence based energy policies, it is vital to gather empirical data on residential energy in different climatic zones. Robust data sharing policies should be implemented to avoid duplication of effort.
Aeolian Towers: Designing Aerodynamics
Authors: Vergopoulos S , Barmpas F , Moussiopoulos N , Varsami C
Published: January 2020

Acknowledging the necessity of designing structures that comply with environmental factors, the main objective of the current project is the morphological investigation of a sustainable dual-tower complex. Considering the force of wind as a basic design parameter, the importance of every design decision is evaluated by calculating its impact on the structure’s performance over its life cycle. Since wind simulation could certify the effectiveness of design techniques that aim to streamline a structure’s form, the proposed approach utilizes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the objective and scientific assessment of the complex’s aerodynamic behavior. By altering the design based on the results and comparing the differences of critical variables such as wind velocity, loading and pressure distribution, significant results are extracted. The simulation of the flow field of the final design certifies that the wind’s impact is substantially diminished. Along with a notable decrease in wind velocity and loading, informed decision making takes place and quality enhancement of the urban environment is ultimately achieved. Thereby, wind’s significance as a basic parameter in high-rise design is highlighted. The concept of wind design can, at this point, be further extended. In addition to defining the form of the building’s envelope, energy harnessing techniques are introduced. To ensure its sustainability a nanotechnology-based grid that consists of micro wind turbines is annexed to the structure. For the towers’ cladding, glass that incorporates solar panel technology is also being used, transforming the facades into solar energy collectors. The introduced approach aims at optimizing the complex’s aerodynamic behavior while accomplishing sustainability and energy self-reliance. Although the results are case sensitive, useful design methodologies and techniques can be extracted as guidelines that could assist in future design projects.
A simplified calculation process of buildings’ energy saving potential
Authors: Groß Matthias , Kresteniti Angeliki , Lindauer Manuel
Published: January 2020

The real estate sector is responsible for 40 percent of the energy consumption and one third of the CO2 emissions in Europe. Moreover one third of the European Union’s buildings are in fact older than 50 years while only one percent is being renovated each year. The building stock is therefore of great importance for the European Union in order to achieve its climate targets not only for 2020 but also long term. The difficulty however is to decide where and how to realize energy savings in the most efficient and economical way – especially for property owners with a large and heterogeneous building stock. This paper provides a simplified analysis method to evaluate real estate portfolios and estimate their buildings’ saving potential. This method has been integrated into AiBATROS®[1] software and can help to prioritize measures increasing energy efficiency. Verification and validation of the process are demonstrated comparing results with another method’s energy calculations.
Small wind turbines: Sustainability criteria related to the local built environment
Authors: Malliotakis G E , Nikolaidis Th N , Baniotopoulos C C
Published: January 2020

The present paper focuses on the enhancement of the development of small wind energy considering sustainable energy harvesting criteria. As known, the exploitation of wind energy as an environmental friendly energy source is carried out by wind turbine systems. In order to satisfy local energy needs, low power small scale wind turbines could be used. Their use, contributes to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the local atmosphere, as well as to the consumption of electricity on site where power is produced. In the present work a comparative analysis has been performed taking into consideration two different application sites located in Crete Island, Greece. This analysis is based on actual recordings of the characteristics of the wind and followed by the selection of the optimum installation height, as well as the estimation of the construction cost. This analysis includes two different design cases using two different construction materials for the support tower, in particular steel and aluminium, taking into account the results of the respective advanced finite element analysis models. This way the proposed analysis leads to an enhanced evaluation of the sustainability of the small wind energy systems in the local built environment.
Barriers to the adoption of green building materials and technologies in developing countries: The case of Burkina Faso
Authors: Nikyema G A , Blouin V Y
Published: January 2020

Due to declining resources, increasing population, and increasing pollution, green buildings, which utilize green construction materials and technologies, are emerging as part of the solution to mitigate these issues. Developing countries have understood the importance of incorporating sustainability as part of their national agenda. However, their ability to implement green design has been hampered by existing and/or perceived barriers. This paper strives to understand the barriers to green design and green materials implementation in developing countries, using the case of Burkina Faso, a country of West Africa. To gain insight on these barriers, this paper solicits the perceptions of Burkinabe green design professionals on sustainability issues involved with green design and construction. Five types of barriers are explored related to government, human, knowledge and information, market, and cost and riskbarriers. An extensive literature review as well as the results of a study are used to examine this phenomenon as it compares to the existing literature. Understanding these barriers is the first step to initiate changes in policies and practices aimed at increasing green design in Burkina Faso. In addition, the research methods could be used to encourage further empirical studies on sustainable building practices in West Africa and other developing countries.
Thermal comfort and Indoor Air Quality assessment in university classrooms
Authors: Papadopoulos Giannis , Panaras Giorgos , Tolis Evangelos
Published: January 2020

Investigation of thermal comfort in various types of buildings is a rather intense research activity by recent years. Besides thermal comfort, the Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is also important for the sensation of humans in indoor environments, as well as for their health. In the proposed work, a systematic measurement campaign in university classrooms in the Educational School of the University of Western Macedonia, Florina, Greece, is presented; the campaign was performed through winter time, noting that the University lies on the coldest thermal zone on a country level. Measurements include thermal comfort parameters, as well as IAQ ones, namely volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes and NO2concentration.As far as thermal comfort is concerned, Fanger’s thermal comfort indices are calculated, on the basis of the measured data; a comparison is made through the support of questionnaires investigating the actual thermal comfort level of the students while being in the classrooms, aiming at providing information on an adaptive sensation level. In terms of air quality, measurements are made both indoors and outdoors, allowing the determination of indoor/outdoor correlations.
Design of heat sinks for wearable thermoelectric generators to power personal heating garments: A numerical study
Authors: Soleimani Z , Zoras S , Cui Y , Ceranic B , Shahzad S
Published: January 2020

To mitigate climate change attributed to the built environments, there have been tremendous efforts to improve air conditioning systems in the buildings. The possibility of harvesting body heat as a renewable energy source to power a wearable personal heating system is investigated. The aim of this study is to integrate a wearable personal heating system with a thermoelectric generator (TEG) that harvests the body heat which is used to convert it into electricity. Moreover, the interaction between the TEG configuration and power output is studied. The power generation of TEG system is obtained by COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulation results concluded that all the four proposed heat sink configurations can improve the power output of the wearable TEG at 1.4 m/s and 3m/s compared to that of the reference model. Furthermore, the perforated and trapezium shapes of heat sinks have a significantly better performance in comparison to conventional heat sinks.
The effect of the daylight zone on lighting energy savings
Authors: Mantzourani K. , Doulos L.T. , Kontadakis A. , Tsangrassoulis A.
Published: January 2020

Daylighting is the cornerstone of low energy building design. Therefore, the adoption of a daylight – harvesting lighting control system can substantially increase lighting energy savings. These are strongly depended on the determination of daylight zones (DZ) which in turn help to identify the lighting loads that must be controlled separately. The Daylight Zone (DZ) is defined in ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-2016 as the floor area substantially illuminated by daylight. However, the DZ is defined differently in several standards and building codes. Lighting design plays also an important role since it determines the number of luminaires in the daylight zone and thus the resulted energy savings due to the daylight harvesting techniques. Each one of these luminaires inside the DZ should be dimmable and must be controlled by either a stand-alone photosensor or one photosensor per control zone. In order to investigate the influence of the DZ in lighting energy savings several simulations were conducted in five (5) office spaces - part of the reference office building used to determine cost optimal energy performance for office buildings in Greece. DZ area was estimated using three (3) different definitions according to a) EN 15193.1 as implemented in Greek regulation of Energy Efficiency in Buildings, b) CEN Technical Committee 169/WG11 ‘Daylight’, and finally c) using dynamic daylight metrics for typical working hours in all four cardinal orientations. Results indicate that due to the differentiation of the DZ depth as this is calculated by the aforementioned methods, there is an associated variation of the calculated lighting energy savings. The extend of the DZ varies between 30-100% of the total area in each office when DZ is calculated using the geometrical method, 50-100% when daylight factors are used and 30-60% with dynamic daylight metrics. The number of luminaires within the DZ vary between 30-100% in the same space depending on the calculation method, the geometry of the room and the Window to Floor Area. As already mentioned, lighting energy savings for the examined test spaces vary, since these are strongly depended on method for the calculation of the DZ’s depth from 61% to 89%, 53-72% and 69-91% correspondingly.
Fully integrated numerical design tool to assess the thermal performance of phase change materials (PCM) in the built environment
Authors: Rubinetti D. , Weiss D. A. , Kraniotis D. , Chaudhuri A.
Published: January 2020

Thermal energy storage with phase change materials (PCM) is a promising candidate to promote resource sustainability in buildings. The intelligent selection and usage of a PCM within the structure of a building poses a challenging engineering task due the highly dynamic nature of occurring heat transfers. This work features a step-by-step FEM modeling guideline to assist the design of building structures by means of a 1D heat conduction scheme. The phase change functionality is based on the apparent heat capacity method and extended by ordinary differential equations to account for the thermal hysteresis of materials with different melting and freezing temperatures. The set of equations is solved alongside with logical expressions representing a thermostat functionality to assess the external energy demand. Two proof-of-concept examples for PCM usage in typical Swiss and Greek wall structures are given.
Natural ventilation provided by a self-sufficient facade system
Authors: Scheuring L , Weller B
Published: January 2020

In order to meet the requirements of the European Directive on the energy performance of buildings, energy producing elements have to be integrated into the majority of the building envelopes. For integrating photovoltaic or solar thermal modules into the facade system, two different building fields have to be connected, namely the facade system on the one hand and the total building energy system, which controls the HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) and integrates an energy storage system, on the other hand. This can result in intersection problems. One solution to overcome intersection problems can be a concept of a standalone facade system that produces energy and at the same time is able to use this energy to control indoor air climate. Thus, no intersection with other building fields is necessary. In the research of the author, a facade system is developed that uses natural ventilation to control indoor air climate. The natural ventilation is controlled automatically to overcome the risk of inadequate user control which could result in higher heating or cooling loads. The auxiliary energy which is required for the opening mechanism is provided by a photovoltaic module and a battery system. Both can be integrated directly into the facade system. This results in a self-sufficient system for natural ventilation. This paper describes the self-sufficient facade system. It contains the construction as well as simulations that are used for dimensioning the energy generating system. One part of the simulations is defining control strategies that enhance the user’s comfort and reduce heating and cooling in order to quantify the opening times and their auxiliary energy needs. Further simulations were performed to quantify the necessary capacity of the battery system. Thus, over- or underestimation of the battery capacity could have tremendous impact on the longevity, production costs, geometry, and weight of such a window. This publication compares a basic method that assumes a 6 Ah battery capacity with a detailed simulation that analyses weather data for each minute of a year. The detailed analysis suggests a battery with 50 % less capacity and can halve the costs of the battery system.
A distributed EV charging strategy in an integrated energy system
Authors: Zhu Tao , Shi Xiaoying , Duan Ronghua , Wang Yizhen , Xu Yinliang
Published: January 2020

Electric vehicles (EV) are viewed as an environmental-friendly travel device but bring the driver with range anxiety. One of the solutions to tackle this issue is to recharge at the fast charging station (FCS). Since the traffic flow of the transportation network and the operation condition of the fast charging station varies from time to time, it is important to implement real-time charging guiding for the EV drivers. In this paper, we propose a distributed guiding method to search for the best FCS with minimum sum of time cost and electricity purchasing cost. The EVs are viewed as a distribution of spatial and temporal electrical loads, which would affect the locational marginal price (LMP) of the FCS. The varied LMPs would also react upon the EV driver’s choice. The proposed guiding method utilizes the wireless communication technologies. Simulation test demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed EV guiding method in an integrated energy system.
Advances in research on effects of biochar on soil nitrogen and phosphorus
Authors: Huang L Q , Fu C , Li T Z , Yan B , Wu Y , Zhang L , Ping W , Yang B R , Chen L
Published: January 2020

In the context of global research, soil non-point source pollution is becoming more and more severe. Biochar is used as a soil amendment to repair soil. Therefore, research on biochar has received extensive attention. According to relevant literature reports, biochar has strong adsorption performance, and according to its nature, it can improve the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus in crops and fix nitrogen and phosphorus in soil. Also, biochar can also improve soil structure and reduce the migration of N and P with soil media. The research mechanism of biochar is distinct. The article cites the results of the majority of researchers and explains the effects of different biochars. Biochar has a certain promoting effect on nitrogen, phosphorus adsorption, conversion and leaching. In the future, we should strengthen the prospect of biochar in the treatment of soil environment and sustainable development of the environment.
Production and characterization of nanocrystalline cellulose from palm empty fruit bunch fiber
Authors: Adriana A , Saifuddin S , Jalal R
Published: January 2020

The main objective of this research is to utilize fiber waste from palm empty fruit bunch provided very abundant in Aceh. For that needs to be studied and researched other benefits are more valuable. Among them is a source of raw material to produce nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), a material in nanometer dimensions which can be used as fillers or reinforcing a matrix in order to provide bio nanocomposites. NCC isolated from palm empty fruit bunch through the hydrolysis of sulfuric acid, using a solvent mixture of DMAC/LiCl, were passed on activated dialysis membrane after centrifuged to release it from solvent. NCC will be characterized include aspect ratio, morphology, thermal, structural test, and several other physical parameters. The end product is characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). From XRD and FTIR analysis showed that the nanocrystalline cellulose formed was Nano cellulose I with an average size of 72 nm. DSC and TGA thermal test showed that the glass transition, melting point, and decomposition temperature of NCC were 109.59 ° C, 191.28 ° C, 210 °C, respectively.
Performance analysis of a porous asphalt mixture with the use of concrete waste as a coarse aggregate and the addition of gilsonite materials
Authors: Sianturi F N M , Sulaiman S
Published: January 2020

A Porous asphalt mixture uses an open gradation with a percentage of the coarse aggregate greater than the fine aggregate, so that it has a larger air void. This mixture has a main obstacle, i.e. the low stability value which is caused by a number of cavities in the asphalt porous mixture. So as to increase the stability value of the asphalt porous mixture, one of the methods used is by adding a substance, i.e. gilsonite which aims to improve the quality of oil asphalt and the quality of the mixture. The use of concrete waste as the coarse aggregate can also increase the mixture stability. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a laboratory scale. The aggregate used in this study is the Australian gradation. The proportion of the coarse aggregate between concrete waste and crushed stone is 0 and 100, 25 and 75, 50 and 50, 75 and 25, 100 and 0. Meanwhile, the added material used is gilsonite, with gilsonite variation of 4.5%; 5.5%; 6.5%; 7.5% and 8.5%. The use of optimum asphalt content of 5.13, the optimum waste content of 100% concrete waste and the optimum gilsonite content of 8.5% resulting in a better characteristic and performance value of the porous asphalt mixture than the normal porous asphalt mixtures by marshall test, dynamic stability, slip resistance and resilient modulus.
Evaluation and analysis of flexible pavement overlay thickness using asphalt modified SIR 20 on Dawuan – Cikampek Road using AASHTO 1993 method
Authors: Ludhyrani L F , Suherman S , Utami R
Published: January 2020

Flexible pavement structural evaluation using AASHTO 1993 method is carried out based on deflection values from the survey using the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) which will be used to calculate the Effective Structural Number (SNeff), Structural Number in Future (SNf) and overlay thickness. Flexible pavement is susceptible to rutting damage and permanent deformation. To increase rutting damage and permanent deformation resistance, Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (ACWC) was being modified by adding SIR 20 material. In determining overlay thickness using AASHTO 1993 method, one of the factors influencing the thickness was properties of ACWC material. In this paper, a case study is carried out on the Raya Dawuan – Cikampek Road. The result of this case study were ACWC-Modified overlay thickness was thinner than ACWC-Normal. ACWC Modified pavement overlay structure thickness obtained at 80 mm meanwhile in ACWC-Normal was 100 mm.
The solution of traffic congestion during flyover construction at Antapani intersection in Bandung
Authors: Sulistianny K , Sutrisno M
Published: January 2020

The Construction of Antapani Flyover has caused traffic congestion. This paper is to find the solution of congestions to achieve the queuing standard allowed referring to PKJI 2014. The method of research uses deductive and inductive which are analysed using the risk analysis of traffic disruptions. The scope of analysis is focused on the two critical construction works, namely abutment and bridge wall works. The traffic congestion analysis considers the narrowing road due to construction disruption. The traffic congestion analysis was carried out by comparing the congestion of the existing construction with the construction method proposed. The three proposed alternative solutions are by the increasing road capacity, scheduling construction methods, and a combining solution those two alternatives. The results show that the best alternative solution to reduce traffic congestion during construction is a combined solution between the increasing road capacity and scheduling construction methods. The result of alternative solution shows the decrease of queue on Terusan Jakarta road reaching up to 90% from the existing condition. The conclusion describes that the narrowing road of work zones of construction has a huge influence on traffic congestion. By this result is suggested to consider the magnitude of disturbance as well as the solution of the traffic congestion that may occurred.
The utilization of sandblasting sand waste for mortar and normal concrete
Authors: Qomariah Q , Sugiharti S , Riyanto S
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, large amounts of sandblasting sand waste are being produced and pollute environment. Sandblasting utilize to remove accumulated organic matter and other debris on concrete, steel, and wood components. The objective of experimental Laboratory for an analyse utilization of sandblasting waste in term of mortar strength, concrete strength, absorption and work ability of the mix. An experiment was conducted at civil laboratory POLINEMA using mortar cube 10 × 10 cm, and cylindrical concrete mould ø 15 × 30 cm, the curing time 3 and 7 day for mortar, 7 and 28 days for concrete. The testing refere to ASTM C-150 for mortar and Normal concrete with SNI-03-2834-2000. Fraction of waste sand are 0%,10%,20% and 30% of natural sand. The result, mortar compressive strength 3 days, 120 kg/cm2(0%), 125kg/cm2(10%), 129kg/cm2 (20%), and 131kg/cm2 (30%). For 7 Days, 190 kg/cm2(0%),200 kg/cm2(10%), 203 kg/cm2 (20%), and 213kg/cm2 (30%). For concrete strength 7 days, 150 kg/cm2 (0%), 161 kg/cm2 (10%), 168kg/cm2 (20%),174 kg/cm2 (30%), For 28 days, average concrete strength 225 kg/cm2 (0%),259 kg/cm2 (10%), 269 kg/cm2 (20%),272kg/cm2 (30%). An absorption decrease 8%(0%), 5%(10%), 4.5%(20%), and 3.9%(30%), work ability of the mix increase 3.5cm (0%), 3.57 cm (10%), 4.5cm (20%), and 4.9 cm (30%), that is indicated by slump value.
Comparison of Viola-Jones Haar Cascade Classifier and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) for face detection
Authors: Rahmad C , Asmara R A , Putra D R H , Dharma I , Darmono H , Muhiqqin I
Published: January 2020

Human face recognition is one of the most challenging topics in the areas of image processing, computer vision, and pattern recognition. Before recognizing the human face, it is necessary to detect a face then extract the face features. Many methods have been created and developed in order to perform face detection and two of the most popular methods are Viola-Jones Haar Cascade Classifier (V-J) and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG). This paper proposed a comparison between VJ and HOG for detecting the face. V-J method calculate Integral Image through Haar-like feature with AdaBoost process to make a robust cascade classifier, HOG compute the classifier for each image in and scale of the image, applied the sliding windows, extracted HOG descriptor at each window and applied the classifier, if the classifier detected an object with enough probability that resembles a face, the classifier recording the bounding box of the window and applied non-maximum suppression to make the accuracy increased. The experimental results show that the system successfully detected face based on the determined algorithm. That is mean the application using computer vision can detect face and compare the results.
Study of PID control implementation in the process of cheap breaking using Peltier cooling elements
Authors: Singgih H , Siswoko S , Komarudin A
Published: January 2020

Methods of the processing dairy products other than pasteurization and reducing water content (condensed milk), milk can also be processed into cheese. Namely with the cheese maturation method. Maturation is the final process of the cheese making process. Maturation (ripening) is a process that converts fresh curds (raw cheese) into cheese full of flavour. The research of the method of cheese ripening process is used Proportional Derivative Integral (PID) controller to control the parameters of temperature and humidity in the cooling room. Embedded through ATMEGA 16 devices as controllers, the sensing process is used by temperature sensors, humidity sensors and Peltier devices as coolants for the ripening process. The desired temperature setting is 16-20°C with a% humidity level. After the room temperature is reached 16-20°C with% humidity then the cheese material is inserted into the cooler for the ripening process. The working principle of this system is to stabilize temperature and humidity. Test of the results obtained by the value of the parameter controller Kp = 5.53, Ki = 8, Kd = 2, for the 16-200C temperature setting and% humidity. Changes in time from room temperature to set-point temperatures are relatively fast with the overshoot percentage of 11.11% and the rise time of 9 minutes.
GIS for coffee shops classification and routing using Naive Bayes method
Authors: Rohadi E , Amalia A , Bagaskara J D , Harijanto B , Adhisuwignjo S
Published: January 2020

In recent years, the number of coffee shops has grown rapidly in Malang whose locations spread in various places. This condition makes the consumers having trouble to find the place that meets with their needs of the price and comfort level. In this works, the Geographical Information System of Coffee Shop Business Classification in Malang based on criteria is proposed. This system can classify coffee shop data according to the consumer desires using the Naïve Bayes method. Users simply provide a choice of price criteria and desired level of comfort on this website-based system. The classification results are used to make it easier for users to obtain information, both the map of locations and the route to reach the coffee shops that meet the criteria expected by the user. Based on the testing that has been done, 100% of users stated that they could find a coffee shop according to the desired criteria. As a result, the system promises as the application in determining the selection of coffee shops corresponds to the consumer criteria.
Implementation of microservices architecture on certification information system (case study: LSP P1 State Polytechnic of Malang)
Authors: Rozi I F , Ariyanto R , Pramudita A N , Yunianto D R , Putra I F
Published: January 2020

Currently, Technology develops rapidly. This influence in every aspect of life in every field. Ease of use, tools availability, and a higher data transfer rate are the reasons why technology is used massively, it affects certification field as well. Certificates given through certification process is a formal recognition towards professionals in higher education level. The process of certification data is accessed through the website. Usually built with monolith approach which means an application wrapped up in a huge package. When there are any changes in the codes, it will also affect the others. This makes the system more complex, hard to fix the bugs, and hard to do modularization. Microservices architecture offers a slightly different approach, it is about a software architecture’s concept that allows us to make large-scale software be more organized and can quickly adapt to the existing business development. To speed up deployment and testing process by taking advantage of continuous integration, so the development process is more consistent and able to checks the flow of application periodically to reduce possible errors.
The use of decision table for reducing complex rules in software testing
Authors: Joosten J , Permanasari A E , Adji T B
Published: January 2020

The testing phase is always one of the important stages of developing software. Without this stage, software errors will be difficult to find at the beginning of software development. This study uses a decision table method that aims to shorten the rule of software testing. The advantage of this method is that it can help make fewer rule combinations for testing. This study uses a medical information system as a case study. In the medical information system, 20 test cases were identified early in the software testing process. Of the 20 test cases, seven test cases that have the same characteristics so that they can be combined into only 13 test cases. Therefore, it can be concluded that the decision table method can reduce software testing time.
Utilization of virtual reality content for laboratory practicum learning
Authors: Pradibta H , Nurhasan U
Published: January 2020

At present, the learning model with practicum learning methods in the laboratory is considered as an effective learning model. However, from these advantages, there are weaknesses. One of the weaknesses of practicum learning methods is the high cost of learning because it requires much equipment. Digital Learning is an educational concept that utilizes information technology in the teaching and learning process. The concept of learning in digital multimedia is by utilizing virtual reality technology. The concept of virtual reality that simulates the real world into the digital world can be used as a solution to overcome the weakness of the existing learning method. This study provides the development of virtual reality for practicum learning in the laboratory. The knowledge base applied came from scientific experts and used as a rule in learning. The purpose of developing this application is as a prototyping framework of virtual learning that can be applied to laboratory practicum learning.
Characteristic of flame length on spuyer diameter in conventional LPG stove
Authors: Dionisius F , Firdaus S , Maulana M E , Carudi C , Badruzzaman B , Suliono S
Published: January 2020

Biogas is an alternative fuel in the form of gases derived from dirt or waste. In general, biogas is used as a fuel source for cooking stoves for daily needs. The stove has a special design so it has not been reached by the community, especially in the countryside. One alternative to solve this problem was to modify the spuyer of stove of conventional LPG to be compatible with biogas fuel. The purpose of this paper was to determine the ability of conventional LPG stoves in terms of flame height to the diameter of the spuyer hole on the stove. The variation of the hole was 2; 2.5; 3; and 3.5 mm in diameter. The conventional LPG stove used the Rinai RI-511E type with medium of input control. While the biogas pressure from the digester to the stove was 0.106 MPa. The results showed an increase in flame height from 30.79 mm to 166.95 mm if the spuyer diameter was enlarged from 2 mm to 3.5 mm. So that the increase of flame height could reach 442.22%.
Optical fiber temperature sensor design
Authors: Isnomo Y H P , Zakaria M N , Junus M , Anshori M A , Aisah A
Published: January 2020

The optical fiber sensing system is free from the effects of electromagnetic wave interference and radio frequency interference. The temperature difference between the incoming light source at one end of the fiber optic cable and the temperature of the sensor will cause a difference in wavelength between the incoming light source and the light reflected by a sensor or passed by a sensor. The difference in wavelength will be converted into RGB value, then the RGB value will be converted into a temperature. It becomes a strong reason why this research takes the topic of temperature sensor design using fiber optics. The method to design fiber optic sensors used in this research is experiment, such as: - heating the ends of the fiber optic core with analytic splicers so it will obtain spherical and oval shape of the optical fiber end, -peeling the jacket between two ends of the fiber optics and coating optical fiber with plates. The calibration and validation method is using RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) of the temperature which measured by Infrared thermometer and optical fiber sensor designed in this research. The test results for temperature measurements between 303oK to 543oK by using optical fiber sensor designed by researcher show that the reflected light model has error 1,596683 and forwarded light model has error 1,029278.
Gamification based mobile application as learning media innovation for basic programming lessons
Authors: Hidayat W N , Fitranti A , Firdaus A F , Kartikasari C D I , Sutikno T A
Published: January 2020

Basic Programming is a productive subject in the study of ICT Vocational High School programs that require students to develop information systems in accordance with the times. Lack of applicative material in basic programming subjects is a problem that is often encountered so that the level of critical thinking of students is less than optimal. In addition, the level of student interest in these subjects is less than optimal because of the monotonous implementation of learning. The solutions offered through this study aim to produce gamification-based mobile applications as innovative and communicative learning media. The development method used is the ADDIE model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The result shows the total usability level is in 81.75%. Material validation shows the results in 88.89% and validation from media experts is 80.83%. Test results on the small group trial subjects shows 84.4% valid and the large group 85.22% valid. Based on the results of product usability testing and field trials, it can be concluded that the product is suitable for use as a medium in the learning process. The concept of gamification in this media also increases the attractiveness and motivation of users in order to obtain maximum testing results.
Measuring user experience on SIPEJAR as e-learning of Universitas Negeri Malang
Authors: Sutadji E , Hidayat W N , Patmanthara S , Sulton S , Jabari N A M , Irsyad M
Published: January 2020

E-learning has become the choice of several educational institutions to improve the quality of learning and educational affordability. Universitas Negeri Malang (UM) as one of the higher education institutions also has e-learning infrastructure with its main system called SIPEJAR. Every UM lecturer is required to use SIPEJAR in synchronous and asynchronous learning, but until now the use of SIPEJAR has not been too massive. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to measure learning effectiveness and user experience by implicit evaluation. However, it cannot reveal what “user feels” through interaction with the system neither record user feedback. The research instrument used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale using the User Experience Question framework and conducted interviews with 102 system users. Result shows that user experience score, usability score, learning design validation score, and student’s response from the interview session indicate that the system is not good; therefore, an improvement is needed. For the future works, we proposed an evaluation of SIPEJAR’s governance and critical success factors to determine the carrying capacity of implementation and the factors that support the successful implementation of SIPEJAR.
Simulation of salt spray corrosion behaviour of micro-arc oxidation coating by laser induced Ag infiltration
Authors: Liu Cancan , Li Hongtao , Cai Hailong , Angurel L A , de la Fuente G F , Jiang Bailing
Published: January 2020

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coating was initially prepared on 6061 Al alloy, and subsequently coated with Ag using magnetron sputtering. Laser beam scan (LBS) treatments were then applied to infiltrate the sputtered Ag into the MAO coating in order to simulate the corrosion behaviour of the MAO coating during the neutral salt spray test (NSST). Cross-sectional morphologies and Ag element distribution maps were studied by using the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) on the MAO-Ag coated samples after LBS infiltration. The results showed that there existed the micro-cracks with tree-root or lightning shape within the MAO coating. Interconnected aggregates, including micro-pores, large cavities far beneath the surface and tree-root like micro-cracks, served as complex corrosion channels during salt spray corrosion. Through these corrosion channels, the salt spray penetrated gradually into the interface between the MAO coating and the original Al substrate, thus causing corrosion of the Al substrate during the NSST. The LBS treatment is presented as a method to explore the subtle micro-crack and pore channels associated to the MAO coating and to provide information that paves the way towards understanding of corrosion phenomena in these porous systems.
Adsorption ability, stability and corrosion inhibition mechanism of phoenix dactylifera extrat on mild steel
Authors: Şahin Ece Altunbaş , Solmaz Ramazan , Gecibesler İbrahim Halil , Kardaş Gülfeza
Published: January 2020

Adsorption ability, stability and corrosion inhibition of phoenix dactylifera (date palm) seed extract (PDSE) as a natural corrosion inhibitor were studied on mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl solution after different exposure times. Linear polarization resistance (LPR), potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were utilized to define the inhibiting performance of the extract on the rate of corrosion. The stability of the organic film formed over the metal surface was investigated with the help of chronoamperometry (CA) technique. The MS surface was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and contact angle measurements. Surface charge of the metal after exposing to the solution was determined by measuring the potential of zero charge (PZC) using the EIS technique and an adsorption mechanism was proposed. The results of the electrochemical measurements showed that PDSE reduces sufficiently the rate of MS corrosion. The SEM studies showed that the inhibitor strictly attached to the metal surface and form a protective film over the metal surface. The average inhibition efficiency determined from LPR, EIS and PP techniques was found to be 97.3%, which is quite efficient for the practical applications.
Surface charge doping induced carrier type reversal in spin coated CdS/rGO layered nanohybrid films
Authors: N Vanasundaram , Ahmad Muneer , Chaudhary A K , Sharma Praveen Kumar
Published: January 2020

The growth of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based semiconductor nanohybrids through simple, scalable, additive-free and cost-effective route has fascinated significant attention of researchers for both fundamental research areas and its commercial applications. In the present work, cadmium sulphide/reduced graphene oxide (CdS/rGO) films were sequentially or layer-by-layer (LBL) deposited by spin coating method. The samples were characterized by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectra and Hall measurements. The cubic phase of the CdS and formation of rGO was confirmed by XRD measurements. The FESEM micrographs elucidate a change in morphological features with rGO content in CdS/rGO nanohybrid films. The Raman spectra indicate the characteristic features for nanostructured CdS and rGO in these samples. Optical transmission is found to increase along with a decrease in optical gap with rGO content. Hall measurements showed the change in the majority carrier concentration with rGO content or the observation of surface charge transfer doping (SCTD) in these nanocomposites. The change in dispersion of refractive index with rGO content for CdS/rGO nanocomposites in terahertz (THz) spectral region has been observed. These results are very important for the development of new functionality of nanohybrid materials for emerging technologies.
Monotectic growth evolution and raman scattering of self-assembled ZnO hierarchical micro-nanostructures
Authors: Xu Congkang , He Baiton , Zhou Gang , Li Yongkuan , Lv Kai , Wang Jiangyong
Published: January 2020

The self-assembled hierarchical micro-nanostructures with geometric complexity and/or constituent diversity are becoming a promising class of candidates for the next generation nanotechnology. Different from conventional vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) eutectic liquid droplets for one-dimensional(1D) nanowires, the Zn-Bi VLS monotectic liquid droplets are employed to build 1D, 2D and 3D ZnO into 3D hierarchical micro-nanostructures. As-obtained micro-nanostructures are well defined self-assembly and have not yet been observed in the conventional eutectic alloys. The synergy of monotectic droplets and nonthermal equilibrium is responsible for the evolution of ZnO hierarchical micro-nanostructures. Raman spectra show that E2H and E1L modes are shifted slightly towards the high-wavenumber side by an amount of 3.7 and 2 cm−1 as compared with undoped ZnO nanowires and an additional peak at 519.5 cm−1 is associated with Bi38OZn60. The results manifest that 3D ZnO micro-nanoarchitectures possess a bulk phonon structure. The monotectic liquid droplet route presented in this paper may offer a new opportunity to the fabrication of hierarchical nanostructures for realistic technology platforms with multifunctional coupling and interplay.