bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supercritical CO2 Decaffeination of Unroasted Coffee Beans Produces Melanoidins with Distinct NF‐κB Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Chen Yumin , Brown Peter H. , Hu Kang , Black Richard M. , Prior Ronald L. , Ou Boxin , Chu Yi‐Fang
Published: August 2011

Abstract:  The supercritical CO2‐decaffeination process causes unroasted coffee beans to turn brown. Therefore, we suspected that the decaffeinated beans contained melanoidins. Decaffeinated unroasted coffee extract absorbed light at 405 nm with a specific extinction coefficient, Kmix  405  nm, of 0.02. Membrane dialysis (molecular weight cut‐off, 12 to 14 kDa) increased the Kmix  405  nm value 15 fold. Gel filtration chromatography showed that the high‐MW fraction (MW > 12 kDa) had an elution profile closer to that of melanoidins of medium‐roast coffee than to the corresponding fraction of unroasted coffee, indicating the presence of melanoidins in decaffeinated unroasted beans. Using murine myoblast C2C12 cells with a stably transfected nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) luciferase reporter gene, we found that the high‐MW fraction of decaffeinated unroasted beans had an NF‐κB inhibitory activity of IC50=  499 μg/mL, more potent than that of regular‐roast coffee (IC50= 766 μg/mL). Our results indicate that melanoidins form during the supercritical CO2‐decaffeination process and possess biological properties distinct from those formed during the regular roasting process.

Practical Application:  We discovered the roasting effect of decaffeination process, reporting the discovery of melanoidins in green (unroasted) decaf coffee beans. Our results indicated that melanoidins form during the supercritical CO2‐decaffeination process and possess biological properties distinct from those formed during the regular roasting process. Our results offer new insights into the formation of bioactive coffee components during coffee decaffeination process.
Learning and Action Alliances to build capacity for flood resilience
Authors: Ashley R.M. , Blanskby J. , Newman R. , Gersonius B. , Poole A. , Lindley G. , Smith S. , Ogden S. , Nowell R.
Published: August 2011

Flood risks are increasing and available funding is reducing, posing professionals with the need to change practices. ‘Active learning’ can help to develop the capacity to accept different perspectives on risk and performance and to use alternative innovatory responses. Breaking the entrapment of traditional approaches requires cultural change in the organisations and the individuals involved. Learning Alliances can help to do this. In Yorkshire (England), a common forum for learning and action in relation to flood and water management has evolved into Learning and Action Alliances (LAAs). These alliances, which are essential components of three European Union INTERREG IVB projects, have national, regional and local dimensions. Internationally, these and partner LAAs, are being utilised to engender transnational learning. Experience from the establishment and operation of these LAAs is presented and it is concluded that there is no single blueprint for an ideal LAA. Nor is their establishment and operation straightforward.
DNA barcoding of European Herbertus (Marchantiopsida, Herbertaceae) and the discovery and description of a new species
Authors: BELL DAVID , LONG DAVID G. , FORREST ALAN D. , HOLLINGSWORTH MICHELLE L. , BLOM HANS H. , HOLLINGSWORTH PETER M.
Published: August 2011

DNA barcoding of a group of European liverwort species from the genus Herbertus was undertaken using three plastid (matK, rbcL and trnH‐psbA) and one nuclear (ITS) marker. The DNA barcode data were effective in discriminating among the sampled species of Herbertus and contributed towards the detection of a previously overlooked European Herbertus species, described here as H. norenus sp. nov. This species shows clear‐cut differences in DNA sequence for multiple barcode regions and is also morphologically distinct. The DNA barcode data were also useful in clarifying taxonomic relationships of the European species with some species from Asia and North America. In terms of the discriminatory power of the different barcode markers, ITS was the most informative region, followed closely by matK. All species were distinguishable by ITS alone, rbcL + matK and various other multimarker combinations.
Idiopathic bone cavity: case series involving children and adolescents
Authors: Discacciati Eveline Duarte , de Faria Vivian Mara Custódio , Garcia Natália Galvão , Sakai Vivien Thiemy , Pereira Alessandro Antônio Costa , Hanemann João Adolfo Costa
Published: August 2011

Aim:  This study aimed at reviewing a series of clinical cases of children and adolescents treated for idiopathic bone cavity (IBC).

Methods: Ten lesions diagnosed as IBC in nine patients treated between February 2000 and December 2008 were reviewed, focusing on clinical and radiographic aspects, as well the therapeutic approach.

Results: Most of the patients were Caucasian with no sex predilection (55.5% males and 45.5% females), and all were in the second decade of life at the time of IBC diagnosis. The lesions were asymptomatic and detected during routine radiographic examinations. All the lesions were located in the mandible, and the anterior region was the most affected. The most adopted therapeutic approach was simple curettage of the bone cavity, and all surgically‐treated patients presented complete bone healing after 6 months, postoperatively.

Conclusions: Clinical and radiographic diagnoses associated with surgical exploration are the most important treatment options in order to avoid radical surgery or unnecessary endodontic treatment, mainly when idiopathic bone cavities are detected in children and adolescents. Further studies aimed at elucidating the etiopathogenesis of this condition and defining the most appropriate treatment should be conducted.
Prevalence of oral Candida carriage in Thai adolescents
Authors: Santiwongkarn Prapat , Kachonboon Supareok , Thanyasrisung Panida , Matangkasombut Oranart
Published: August 2011

Aim:  Oral candidiasis is among the most common AIDS‐associated opportunistic infections. Adolescents remain at the highest risk of HIV infection and could suffer from oral candidiasis. However, information on oral Candida carriage in this population is limited. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of oral Candida in Thai adolescents.

Methods:  Oral rinse samples from 80 healthy Thais (age: 15–17 years) were collected and analyzed for the prevalence of Candida species using culture‐based and polymerase chain reaction assays.

Results:  Twenty six adolescents (32.5%) carried Candida in the oral cavity. Candida albicans was detected in 28.75% (23/80). Non‐albicans Candida species were detected in 6.25% (5/80). The majority (92.3%, 24/26) of adolescents with Candida carried a single species. Two carried two species: one with Candida glabrata and Candida albicans, and the other with Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans. Three adolescents harbored only non‐albicans species, with one carrying Candida tropicalis and two carrying Candida parapsilosis. Candida dubliniensis was not detected in this population. Most adolescents carried Candida at a low level (<500 c.f.u./mL).

Conclusions: Oral Candida was present in approximately one‐third of adolescents. Candida albicans was the most prevalent (88.5%), and non‐albicans species were present in 19.2% of those with oral Candida.
Changes in somatic disease incidents during opioid maintenance treatment: results from a Norwegian cohort study
Authors: Skeie Ivar , Brekke Mette , Gossop Michael , Lindbaek Morten , Reinertsen Even , Thoresen Magne , Waal Helge
Published: August 2011

Objectives

To examine the effect of opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) on somatic morbidity in a cohort of OMT patients.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

OMT programme in two Norwegian counties.

Participants

200 OMT patients, participation rate 71.2%.

Main outcome measures

Incidence rates (IR) before, during and after OMT for acute/subacute hospital-treated somatic disease incidents (drug-related, non-drug-related, injuries) and rates for inpatient days and outpatient treatment contacts.

Results

IR for drug-related hospital treatment episodes were 76% lower during compared to before OMT (before versus during incidence rate ratio (IRR) 4.2 (95% CI 2.9 to 6.2), p<0.001) and 11 times higher after compared to during OMT (after versus during IRR 11.1 (6.6 to 18.5), p<0.001). For non-drug-related treatment episodes, IR were 35% higher during than before OMT (before versus during IRR 0.7 (0.6 to 1.0), p=0.02) and 32% higher after compared to during OMT (IRR 1.4 (0.9 to 2.2), p=0.15), while injuries showed little change according to OMT status. Although patients with on-going drug-taking during OMT showed less reduction in drug-related hospital-treated incidents during treatment than patients not using illicit drugs, the quartile with most drug-taking showed a significant reduction (before versus during IRR 3.6 (2.4 to 5.3)). Patients who had experienced cessation of OMT showed a significant reduction in drug-related treatment episodes during OMT (before versus during IRR 1.7 (1.0 to 2.9)), although less than patients without OMT interruptions (before versus during IRR 6.1 (3.6 to 10.6)), and a significant increase after OMT cessation compared with during OMT (IRR 5.4 (3.0 to 9.7)).

Conclusion

Acute/subacute drug-related somatic morbidity is reduced during compared to before OMT. This was also found for patients with on-going drug-taking during OMT. However, acute drug-related health problems show an increase after OMT cessation, and this is a matter of concern. Further studies on somatic morbidity after OMT cessation should be carried out.
A simple automated device for children's renal biopsy: advantage in obtaining more tissue: Table 1
Authors: Chen Jian , Yu Zihua , Huang Juan , Lin Huakun , Gao Xingxiang , Zheng Feng
Published: August 2011

Sufficient tissue yield is essential for renal biopsy. We have developed a simple automated renal biopsy device (Chen device) that constantly obtains more tissue. Since the Bard device is extensively used around the world, we compared our device with the Bard device. Pediatric patients were biopsied with either the Chen (n=247) or Bard (n=200) devices. No major complications were encountered and the incidence of minor complications was comparable between two devices. However, the average length of tissue obtained by the Chen device per biopsy (1.78±0.73 cm) was significantly longer than that obtained by the Bard device (1.23±0.45 cm). Accordingly, 61.94% of biopsies with the Chen device had 20 or more glomeruli, whereas only 18% of biopsies with the Bard device had this number (p<0.001). Thus, the Chen device has the advantage of obtaining more renal tissue per biopsy while being equally efficient and safe as the Bard device.
Epigenomic profiling in polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia shows low levels of aberrant DNA methylation
Authors: Barrio S , Gallardo M , Albizua E , Jimenez A , Rapado I , Ayala R , Gilsanz F , Martin-Subero J I , Martinez-Lopez J
Published: August 2011

Aims

The purpose of this study was to compare the DNA-methylation signature in classic chronic Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), polycythaemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET), in order to obtain a global insight into DNA-methylation changes associated with these malignancies.

Methods

Thirty-five MPN samples from 11 ET JAK2 V617F, 12 ET JAK2 wild type (WT) and 12 PV JAK2 V617F patients as well as 12 from healthy donors were analysed. DNA samples extracted from whole peripheral blood were hybridised to the ‘HumanMethylation27 DNA Analysis BeadChip.’

Results

All groups showed a very homogeneous methylation pattern. Only the ZNF577 gene showed a differential methylation profile between PV JAK2 V617F positive and controls. This aberrant methylation was correlated with a differential gene expression of ZNF577. No aberrant hypermethylation was found in the SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 genes.

Conclusions

According to our results, an aberrant methylation pattern does not seem to play a crucial role in MPN pathogenesis; nor does it justify phenotypical differences between PV and ET.
Lymph node distribution and pattern of metastases in the mesorectum following total mesorectal excision using the modified fat clearing technique
Authors: Yao Yun-Feng , Wang Lin , Liu Yi-Qiang , Li Ji-You , Gu Jin
Published: August 2011

Aim

To define the distribution, size, location and metastasis of lymph nodes (LNs) within the mesorectum from rectal cancer specimens following total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery without neoadjuvant therapy.

Methods

Specimens from 60 patients who underwent TME were treated with modified fat clearing solution to retrieve LNs. The mesorectum was divided into right lateral, anterior, posterior and left lateral sides, which were further subdivided into three levels (upper, middle and lower).

Results

1436 LNs were harvested, including 985 small LNs (<5 mm in size). The number of LNs from the anterior, posterior and bilateral mesorectum was 125 (8.7%), 696 (48.5%) and 615 (42.8%), respectively. In the longitudinal axis, the difference in distribution at the three levels was not significant. 200 LN metastases (mLNs) were detected in 33 patients. 48% (96/200) of these were small LNs. More mLNs, especially small LNs, were shown in the more advanced T stage patients. The mLN metastasis rate was not influenced by tumour level.

Conclusion

Small LN detection increased the accuracy of N staging by 20% in this study. The incidence of metastasis was the same among the anterior, bilateral and posterior areas of the mesorectum. An increased incidence of mLN metastasis in small LNs was associated with more advanced T staging. mLN metastasis rates in both middle and low rectal cancer were higher in the distal mesorectum than that in the proximal mesorectum. LN number and density were not consistent with spread of the primary tumour. Distal mLNs were found in 35% of cases of both middle and distal rectal cancer, implying a need for TME in both.
Health benefits of traffic-related air pollution reduction in different socioeconomic groups: the effect of low-emission zoning in Rome
Authors: Cesaroni Giulia , Boogaard Hanna , Jonkers Sander , Porta Daniela , Badaloni Chiara , Cattani Giorgio , Forastiere Francesco , Hoek Gerard
Published: August 2011

Objectives

Few studies have assessed the effects of policies aimed to reduce traffic-related air pollution. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact, in terms of air quality and health effects, of two low-emission zones established in Rome in the period 2001–2005 and to assess the impact by socioeconomic position (SEP) of the population.

Methods

We evaluated the effects of the intervention on various stages in the full-chain model, that is, pressure (number and age distribution of cars), emissions, PM10and NO2concentrations, population exposure and years of life gained (YLG). The impact was evaluated according to a small-area indicator of SEP.

Results

During the period 2001–2005, there was a decrease in the total number of cars (−3.8%), NO2and PM10emissions and concentrations (from 22.9 to 17.4 μg/m3for NO2and from 7.8 to 6.2 μg/m3for PM10), and in the residents' exposure. In the two low-emission zones, there was an additional decrease in air pollution concentrations (NO2: −4.13 and −2.99 μg/m3; PM10: −0.70 and −0.47 μg/m3). As a result of the policy, 264 522 residents living along busy roads gained 3.4 days per person (921 YLG per 100 000) for NO2reduction. The gain was larger for people in the highest SEP group (1387 YLG per 100 000) than for residents in the lowest SEP group (340 YLG per 100 000).

Conclusion

The traffic policy in Rome was effective in reducing traffic-related air pollution, but most of the health gains were found in well-off residents.
Nicotine improves the functional activity of late endothelial progenitor cells via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Yu Min , Liu Qian , Sun Jing , Yi Kaihong , Wu Libiao , Tan Xuerui
Published: August 2011

The aim of this study is to investigate whether nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are involved in the modulation of functional activity of late endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) induced by nicotine. Total mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from human umbilical cord blood by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and then the cells were plated on fibronectin-coated culture plates. Late EPCs were positive for 1,1-dioctadecyl-3,3,3,3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (DiI-acLDL) uptake and fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated Ulex europaeus agglutinin lectin (UEA-1) binding. Expression of von Willbrand factor (vWF), kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), and α7 nAChR was detected by indirect immunofluorescence staining. Late EPCs of 3–5 passages were treated for 32 h with either vehicle or nicotine with or without pre-incubation of nAChR antagonism, mecamylamine, or α-bungarotoxin. The viability, migration, and in vitro vasculogenesis activity of late EPCs were assayed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, modified Boyden chamber assay, and in vitro angiogenesis assay, respectively. Late EPCs adhesion assay was performed by replating cells on fibronectin-coated plates, and then adherent cells were counted. Incubation with 10 nmol/L nicotine enhanced viable, migratory, adhesive, and in vitro vasculogenesis capacity of late EPCs. The effect of nicotine on late EPCs can be attenuated by mecamylamine or α-bungarotoxin. In conclusion, nicotine improves the functional activity of late EPCs via nAChRs.
Human telomerase expression regulation
Authors: Gladych Marta , Wojtyla Aneta , Rubis Blazej
Published: August 2011

Since telomerase has been recognized as a relevant factor distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells, it has become a very promising target for anti-cancer therapy. A correlation between short telomere length and increased mortality was revealed in many studies. The telomerase expression/activity appears to be one of the most crucial factors to study to improve cancer therapy and prevention. However, this multisubunit enzymatic complex can be regulated at various levels. Thus, several strategies have been proposed to control telomerase in cancer cells such as anti-sense technology against TR and TERT, ribozymes against TERT, anti-estrogens, progesterone, vitamin D, retinoic acid, quadruplex stabilizers, telomere and telomerase targeting agents, modulation of interaction with other proteins involved in the regulation of telomerase and telomeres, etc. However, the transcription control of key telomerase subunits seems to play the crucial role in whole complexes activity and cancer cells immortality. Thus, the research of telomerase regulation can bring significant insight into the knowledge concerning stem cells metabolism but also ageing. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of numerous telomerase regulation mechanisms at the transcription level in human that might become attractive anti-cancer therapy targets.
Tailored therapy for heart failure: neurohormones
Authors: Richards A. Mark
Published: August 2011

Plasma B type cardiac natriuretic peptides reflect cardiac structure and function and have proven roles in assisting in the diagnosis of acute heart failure. They are also powerful independent prognostic indicators across the full spectrum of cardiovascular disease. The efficacy of serial measurements of plasma B type peptides in guiding titration of therapy for chronic heart failure has been the subject of a number of randomized controlled trials. These are summarized in the following brief review. In the decade 2000–2010, 8 trials have been completed. Study design, the characteristics of the heart failure population studied, duration of follow-up, the exact end points recorded, and target peptide levels pursued all differ somewhat between trials. However, an overall consistency is emerging, supported by 2 metaanalyses. In aggregate, the existing trial data suggest that adjustment of treatment in chronic heart failure according to serial B type peptide measurements used in conjunction with established clinical methods is likely to reduce cardiac mortality and admissions with heart failure, at least in those patients aged under 75 years with impaired left ventricular systolic function.
Guanylin peptide family: history, interactions with ANP, and new pharmacological perspectives
Authors: Fonteles Manassés Claudino , do Nascimento Nilberto Robson Falcão
Published: August 2011

The guanylin family of peptides has 3 subclasses of peptides containing either 3 intramolecular disulfide bonds found in bacterial heat-stable enterotoxins (ST), or 2 disulfides observed in guanylin and uroguanylin, or a single disulfide exemplified by lymphoguanylin. These peptides bind to and activate cell-surface receptors that have intrinsic guanylate cyclase (GC) activity. These hormones are synthesized in the intestine and released both luminally and into the circulation, and are also produced within the kidney. Stimulation of renal target cells by guanylin peptides in vivo or ex vivo elicits a long-lived diuresis, natriuresis, and kaliuresis by both cGMP-dependent and independent mechanisms. Uroguanylin may act as a hormone in a novel endocrine axis linking the digestive system and kidney as well as a paracrine system intrarenally to increase sodium excretion in the postprandial period. This highly integrated and redundant mechanism allows the organism to maintain sodium balance by eliminating excess sodium in the urine. In addition, small concentrations of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) can synergize with low concentrations of both guanylin or uroguanylin, which do not induce natriuresis per se, to promote significant natriuresis. Interestingly, the activation of the particulate guanylate cyclase receptors by natriuretic peptides can promote relaxation of animal and human penile erectile tissue and increase intracavernosal pressure to induce penile erection. These peptides can be prototypes for new drugs to treat erectile dysfunction, especially in patients with endothelial and nitrergic dysfunction, such as in diabetes.
Guanylyl cyclase / atrial natriuretic peptide receptor-A: role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular regulation
Authors: Pandey Kailash N.
Published: August 2011

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), also known as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), is an endogenous and potent hypotensive hormone that elicits natriuretic, diuretic, vasorelaxant, and anti-proliferative effects, which are important in the control of blood pressure and cardiovascular events. One principal locus involved in the regulatory action of ANP and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is guanylyl cyclase / natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA). Studies on ANP, BNP, and their receptor, GC-A/NPRA, have greatly increased our knowledge of the control of hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. Cellular, biochemical, and molecular studies have helped to delineate the receptor function and signaling mechanisms of NPRA. Gene-targeted and transgenic mouse models have advanced our understanding of the importance of ANP, BNP, and GC-A/NPRA in disease states at the molecular level. Importantly, ANP and BNP are used as critical markers of cardiac events; however, their therapeutic potentials for the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and stroke have just begun to be realized. We are now just at the initial stage of molecular therapeutics and pharmacogenomic advancement of the natriuretic peptides. More investigations should be undertaken and ongoing ones be extended in this important field.
Age-Based Differences in Care Setting Transitions over the Last Year of Life
Authors: Wilson Donna M. , Hewitt Jessica A. , Thomas Roger , Mohankumar Deepthi , Kovacs Burns Katharina
Published: August 2011

Context. Little is known about the number and types of moves made in the last year of life to obtain healthcare and end-of-life support, with older adults more vulnerable to care setting transition issues.Research Objective. Compare care setting transitions across older (65+ years) and younger individuals.Design. Secondary analyses of provincial hospital and ambulatory database data. Every individual who lived in the province for one year prior to death from April 1, 2005 through March 31, 2007 was retained (N=19,397).Results. Transitions averaged 3.5, with 3.9 and 3.4 for younger and older persons, respectively. Older persons also had fewer ER and ambulatory visits, fewer procedures performed in the last year of life, but longer inpatient stays (42.7 days versus 36.2 for younger persons).Conclusion. Younger and older persons differ somewhat in the number and type of end-of-life care setting transitions, a matter for continuing research and healthcare policy.
Novel 5,6‐Dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines as Scaffolds for Synthesis of Lamellarin Analogues
Authors: Liao Shao Han , Hu Dai Hua , Wang Ai Ling , Li De Peng
Published: August 2011

As core skeletons of lamellarins: 5,6‐Dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines are one of the important alkaloids that exhibit significant biological activities, in this study, an efficient synthetic route was described for two novel compounds, 5,6‐dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines I and II. Compound I was synthesized from isovanillin with 28.3% overall yield by a six‐step reaction while II from 2‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl) ethanamine was with 61.6% overall yield by a three‐step reaction. And the structures of these two compounds were confirmed by means of IR spectrum, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, HRMS, and melting point measurements.
Do Women Using Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Reduce Condom Use? A Novel Study Design Incorporating Semen Biomarkers
Authors: Gallo Maria F. , Warner Lee , Jamieson Denise J. , Steiner Markus J.
Published: August 2011

Long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods are highly effective against pregnancy. A barrier to their widespread promotion can include the concern they will lead reduced condom use and, thus, will put couples at higher risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We review evidence from previous studies of condom “migration” associated with the use of LARC and propose a novel study design to address the two main methodological issues that have limited these earlier studies. Namely, we propose to use a randomized controlled trial design and to use a biological marker of semen exposure for measuring changes in condom use.
Glufosinate Effects on Nitrogen Nutrition, Growth, Yield, and Seed Composition in Glufosinate-Resistant and Glufosinate-Sensitive Soybean
Authors: Reddy Krishna N. , Zablotowicz Robert M. , Bellaloui Nacer , Ding Wei
Published: August 2011

Glufosinate applied to glufosinate-resistant crops may drift and injure glufosinate-sensitive crops. A 2-yr field study examined glufosinate effects on plant injury, chlorophyll content, nodulation, nitrogenase activity, leaf nitrogen, yield, and seed composition in soybean. Glufosinate drift was simulated by application at 45 g/ha to glyphosate-resistant and conventional (glufosinate-sensitive) soybean at 3 weeks after planting (WAP). Glufosinate effects were also evaluated in glufosinate-resistant soybean at 450 g/ha applied twice at 3 and 6 WAP. In glufosinate-resistant soybean, chlorophyll, nitrogenase activity, root respiration, plant biomass, and yield were not affected; seed nitrogen and protein were increased; seed oil content decreased. In glufosinate-sensitive soybean, glufosinate caused 28-32% injury and decreased 35-42% chlorophyll content within 3 d after treatment (DAT) but soybean completely recovered by 14 DAT. Glufosinate had no effect on plant biomass, nitrogenase activity, and root respiration in 2009 and inconsistent effects in 2010. In glufosinate-sensitive soybean, glufosinate had no effect on yield; increased leaf nitrogen, seed protein, and oleic acid; decreased oil content, linoleic, and linolenic acid. Glufosinate-sensitive soybean exposed to glufosinate drift may exhibit transient injury but soybean could recover without a yield penalty. Glufosinate altered seed composition in all soybean types.
Fekete‐Szegö Problem for a New Class of Analytic Functions
Authors: Bansal Deepak
Published: August 2011

We consider the Fekete‐Szegö problem with complex parameter μ for the class (ϕ) of analytic functions.
Normal Coronary Artery Patient Presenting with Left Ventricular Aneurysm
Authors: Altay Hakan , Altin Cihan , Çoner Ali , Muderrisoglu Haldun
Published: August 2011

Left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is one of the most important complications of myocardial infarction LVA is strictly defined as a distinct area of abnormal left ventricular diastolic contour with systolic dyskinesia or paradoxical bulging. LVA usually results from myocardial infarction. Other rare aetiologies of LVA include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Chagas' disease, sarcoidosis, congenital LVA, and idiopathic However, LVA formation in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is rarely reported, and the incidence, clinical features, and pathogenesis of LVA formation in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is not well understood. Here, we present a 45 years old, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy patient with LVA and normal coronary arteries The pathogenesis of LVA formation in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy is not clear. One acceptable hypothesis is that coronary artery emboli originate from mural thrombi, present in some patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, which develop due to local wall infarction and fibrosis. The local myocardial perfusion differences could be seen in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and predominantly found in the anteroposterior axis of the left ventricle. Local fibrosis occurs more frequently on the anterior wall or posterior wall, and less frequently on the lateral or septal wall. In our patient, LVA existed in the septal segments.We could not define the exact mechanism of the septal aneurysm in our patient but we decided to present this abnormal case, which is different from cases thus far reported in the literature.
Signatures of Drug Sensitivity in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gong Hua C. , Wang Sean , Mayer Gary , Chen Guoan , Leesman Glen , Singh Sharat , Beer David G.
Published: August 2011

We profiled receptor tyrosine kinase pathway activation and key gene mutations in eight human lung tumor cell lines and 50 human lung tumor tissue samples to define molecular pathways. A panel of eight kinase inhibitors was used to determine whether blocking pathway activation affected the tumor cell growth. The HER1 pathway in HER1 mutant cell lines HCC827 and H1975 were found to be highly activated and sensitive to HER1 inhibition. H1993 is a c-MET amplified cell line showing c-MET and HER1 pathway activation and responsiveness to c-MET inhibitor treatment. IGF-1R pathway activated H358 and A549 cells are sensitive to IGF-1R inhibition. The downstream PI3K inhibitor, BEZ-235, effectively inhibited tumor cell growth in most of the cell lines tested, except the H1993 and H1650 cells, while the MEK inhibitor PD-325901 was effective in blocking the growth of KRAS mutated cell line H1734 but not H358, A549 and H460. Hierarchical clustering of primary tumor samples with the corresponding tumor cell lines based on their pathway signatures revealed similar profiles for HER1, c-MET and IGF-1R pathway activation and predict potential treatment options for the primary tumors based on the tumor cell lines response to the panel of kinase inhibitors.
Gene Expression Profiling in Human High-Grade Astrocytomas
Authors: Liu Zhongyu , Yao Zhiqiang , Li Chao , Lu Yicheng , Gao Chunfang
Published: August 2011

Diffuse astrocytoma of (WHO grade II) has a tendency to progress spontaneously to anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) and/or glioblastoma (WHO grade IV). However, the molecular basis of astrocytoma progression is still poorly understood. In current study, an essential initial step toward this goal is the establishment of the taxonomy of tumors on the basis of their gene expression profiles. We have used gene expression profiling, unsupervised (hierarchal cluster (HCL) and principal component analysis (PCA)) and supervised (prediction analysis for microarrays (PAM)) learning methods, to demonstrate the presence of three distinct gene expression signatures of astrocytomas (ACMs), which correspond to diffuse or low-grade astrocytoma (WHO grade II), Anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO grade III) and Glioblastoma multiforme (WHO grade IV). We also demonstrate a 171 gene-based classifier that characterize the distinction between these pathologic/molecular subsets of astrocytomas. These results further define molecular subtypes of astrocytomas and may potentially be used to define potential targets and further refine stratification approaches for therapy. In addition, this study demonstrates that combining gene expression analysis with detailed annotated pathway and gene ontology (GO) category resources was applied to highly enriched normal and tumor population; it can yield an understanding of the critical biological mechanism of astrocytomas.
Novel Lipolytic Enzymes Identified from Metagenomic Library of Deep‐Sea Sediment
Authors: Jeon Jeong Ho , Kim Jun Tae , Lee Hyun Sook , Kim Sang-Jin , Kang Sung Gyun , Choi Sang Ho , Lee Jung-Hyun
Published: August 2011

Metagenomic library was constructed from a deep‐sea sediment sample and screened for lipolytic activity. Open‐reading frames of six positive clones showed only 33–58% amino acid identities to the known proteins. One of them was assigned to a new group while others were grouped into Families I and V or EstD Family. By employing a combination of approaches such as removing the signal sequence, coexpression of chaperone genes, and low temperature induction, we obtained five soluble recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. The purified enzymes had optimum temperatures of 30–35∘C and the cold‐activity property. Among them, one enzyme showed lipase activity by preferentially hydrolyzing p‐nitrophenyl palmitate and p‐nitrophenyl stearate and high salt resistance with up to 4 M NaCl. Our research demonstrates the feasibility of developing novel lipolytic enzymes from marine environments by the combination of functional metagenomic approach and protein expression technology.
Parotid Gland Biopsy as an Additional Diagnostic Tool for Supporting the Diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Soyfoo Muhammad S. , Catteau Xavier , Delporte Christine
Published: August 2011

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. There are actually no diagnostic criteria for SS, but classification criteria based on the revised American-European criteria have been elaborated. These include subjective criteria: ocular and oral symptoms, and objective criteria: ocular, histopathological, oral, and serological signs. SS is considered if 4 of the 6 criteria are present, when histopathology or serology is positive, or if 3 of any 4 objective criteria are present. A patient presented with both ocular and oral symptoms and signs but did not meet the SS classification criteria. Indeed, no anti-SSA or anti-SSB antibodies were detected, and minor salivary gland biopsy was normal. To further understand the origin of the sicca symptoms, a parotid gland biopsy was performed and showed important lymphocytic infiltrates. This could account for the sicca symptoms and signs since parotid glands are one the major contributors to salivary flow. Therefore, parotid gland biopsy could be a useful asset for the diagnosis of SS.
On Nonseparated Three‐Point Boundary Value Problems for Linear Functional Differential Equations
Authors: Rontó A. , Rontó M.
Published: August 2011

For a system of linear functional differential equations, we consider a three‐point problem
with nonseparated boundary conditions determined by singular matrices. We show that, to investigate
such a problem, it is often useful to reduce it to a parametric family of two‐point boundary
value problems for a suitably perturbed differential system. The auxiliary parametrised two‐point
problems are then studied by a method based upon a special kind of successive approximations constructed
explicitly, whereas the values of the parameters that correspond to solutions of the original
problem are found from certain numerical determining equations. We prove the uniform convergence
of the approximations and establish some properties of the limit and determining functions.
Limit Distribution of Inventory Level of Perishable Inventory Model
Authors: Dong Hailing , Jiang Guochao
Published: August 2011

This paper studies a perishable inventory model, which assumes that each perishable
item has finite lifetime, and only one item is consumed each time. The lifetimes of
perishable items are independent random variables with the general distribution and so are
the consumption internal. Under this assumption, by using backward equations and limit
distribution of Markov skeleton processes, this paper obtains the existence conditions and
the explicit expression of the limit distribution of the inventory level of perishable inventory
model.
The United Kingdom 2009 Swine Flu Outbreak As Recorded in
Real Time by General Practitioners
Authors: Jick Hershel , MacLaughlin Dean S. , Egger Pascal , Wiggins Peter
Published: August 2011

Background. Initially the course of the 2009 swine flu
pandemic was uncertain and impossible to predict with any confidence.
An effective prospective data resource exists in the United Kingdom
(UK) that could have been utilized to describe the scope and extent of
the swine flu outbreak as it unfolded. We describe the 2009 swine flu
outbreak in the UK as recorded daily by general practitioners and the
potential use of this database for real-time tracking of flu
outbreaks. Methods. Using the General Practice
Research Database, a real-time general practice, electronic database,
we estimated influenza incidence from July 1998 to September 2009
according to age, region, and calendar time. Results.
From 1998 to2008, influenza outbreaks regularly occurred yearly from
October to March, but did not typically occur from April to September
until the swine flu outbreak began in April 2009. The weekly incidence
rose gradually, peaking at the end of July, and the outbreak had
largely dissipated by early September. Conclusions.
The UK swine flu outbreak, recorded in real time by a large
group of general practitioners, was mild and limited in time.
Simultaneous online access seemed feasible and could have provided additional clinical-based evidence at an
early planning stage of the outbreak.
Generating Efficient Outcome Points for Convex MultiobjectiveProgramming Problems and Its Application to Convex MultiplicativeProgramming
Authors: Thuy Le Quang , Kim Nguyen Thi Bach , Thien Nguyen Tuan
Published: August 2011

Convex multiobjective programming problems and multiplicative programming problems have important applications in areas such as finance, economics, bond portfolio optimization,
engineering, and other fields. This paper presents a quite easy algorithm for generating a number of efficient outcome solutions for convex multiobjective programming problems. As an application, we propose an outer approximation
algorithm in the outcome space for solving the multiplicative convex program. The computational results are provided on several test problems.
A Scalable MAC Protocol Supporting Simple Multimedia Traffic QoS in WSNs
Authors: On JeongSeok , Jeon HahnEarl , Lee Jaiyong
Published: August 2011

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a vibrant research field for the last several years. Especially, design of MAC protocols supporting multimedia traffic QoS is recent challenging work. However, the mechanisms of protocols that can guarantee multimedia traffic QoS have several problems in multihop wireless sensor networks. There are a lot of reasons, including limited end-to-end delay and high throughput. In this paper, we propose ascalable MAC protocol that guarantees multimedia traffic, still images, and scalar sensor data QoS in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. The MAC protocol has made it possible to transmit multimedia streaming traffic without a great change of the end-to-end delay for a specific time. And if there are the some link failures in multi-hop transmission, the protocol can recover the links quickly. Using this algorithm, the proposed MAC protocol outperforms the IEEE 802.11e EDCF and the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC protocol in terms of the end-to-end delay and stable transmission of multimedia streaming data.
Distribution of Heat Stabilizers in Plasticized PVC‐Based Biomedical Devices: Temperature and Time Effects
Authors: Bodecchi Lidia Maria , Durante Caterina , Malagoli Marcello , Manfredini Matteo , Marchetti Andrea , Sighinolfi Simona
Published: August 2011

Thermoplastic polymers can be viewed as a dynamic framework in which additives allocation is strongly dependent on the system′ chemistry. Considering the complexity of the distribution phenomena that may occur in plastics obtained by blending polymeric resins with different additives, this work constitutes an attempt to the description of the behavior of PVC heat stabilizers (calcium and zinc carboxylates), as regard temperature and time. Thanks to the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, it is possible to observe a first decreasing trend of the additives related IR‐bands as a function of the increasing temperature and the higher the temperature the faster the decrease of the heat stabilizers intensities bands is, with respect to time. Additives distribution in not sterilized, sterilized, aged not sterilized and aged sterilized materials have been investigated to determine their behavior with respect to temperature, from 30 to 120°C, and time. A simulated supplementary aging process equivalent to 9 months aging was carried out on aged not sterilized and aged sterilized materials to gain more data on the transport/reaction phenomena these additives in the plastic material. Experimental evidences allow hypothesizing that reaction and redistribution phenomena probably concur to determine the additives allocation in PVC as a function of temperature and time.
Leadership of Winter Mixed-Species Flocks by Tufted Titmice (Baeolophus bicolor): Are Titmice Passive Nuclear Species?
Authors: Contreras Thomas A. , Sieving Kathryn E.
Published: August 2011

The tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor, TUTI) is a nuclear species in winter foraging flocks whose antipredator calls are used to manage predation risk by diverse heterospecifics. We hypothesized that satellite species in mixed flocks follow TUTI (not vice versa), thereby defining the role of TUTI as a “passive” nuclear species. We followed 20 winter mixed-species flocks in North-Central Florida and assessed angular-angular correlations between overall flock, TUTI, and satellite species movement directions. We observed significant correlations between overall flock movement directions and those of TUTI, confirming our central prediction. Within flocks, however, fine-scale movement directions of satellite species were often more highly correlated with those of other satellites than with TUTI movements. We conclude that TUTI are passive nuclear species whose movements define flock paths, but within flocks, TUTI movements may have less influence on satellite movements than do other factors.
Reproductive Organ of Blow Fly,Chrysomya megacephala(Diptera: Calliphoridae): Ultrastructural of Testis
Authors: Sukontason Kabkaew L. , Chaiwong Tarinee , Chaisri Urai , Kurahashi Hiromu , Sanford Michelle , Sukontason Kom
Published: August 2011

This work presents the ultrastructure of testis of the medically important blow fly,Chrysomya megacephala(Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) using light microscopy and electron microscopy. Reproductive organ of males was dissected to determine the testis in the pupal stage, 3-day-old flies and 7-day-old flies and observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM displayed a smooth surface which is occasionally penetrated by tracheoles. TEM of the testis in the pupal stage presents the thick testis wall covering underdeveloped cells containing a variable size of an electron-dense globule. For the 3-day-old males, the testicular wall is formed by an external layer, a peritoneal sheath, a muscular layer, a basement membrane, and a follicular epithelium. Follicular epithelium presented developing spermatozoa. Regarding the 7-day-old males, development of spermatozoa is apparent, displaying nucleus, centriolar adjunct, axoneme, and mitochondrial derivatives, with the 9 + 9 + 2 microtubule pattern of axoneme.
Library and Information Science Education and Training in Uganda: Trends, Challenges, and the Way Forward
Authors: Okello-Obura Constant , Kigongo-Bukenya I. M. N.
Published: August 2011

In today's public and private sectors, corporate governance is a key focus, and management of libraries, records, archives, and information centers is an increasingly important preoccupation. This implies that the issue of LIS education should not be taken lightly. As the economy grows, the demand for information will propel the demand for LIS professionals because of the need to manage different kinds of documents. This paper, based on relevant literature review and the authors' experience as LIS practitioners and educators, aims at discussing this subject and highlights important issues to be addressed. The paper makes a brief exploration of LIS education in Uganda, identifies the challenges, and proposes strategies as the way forward. It recommends that as LIS education and training seeks a wider role in society, there is a need to prepare students for careers in a rapidly changing world. This requires multidisciplinary education, greater emphasis on core knowledge, and fully well-articulated graduate programmes to meet the requisite of LIS professionals.
Health-Related Quality of Life after Cystectomy and Urinary Diversion for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Shih Cheryl , Porter Michael P.
Published: August 2011

With multiple options for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer that have comparable cancer control and complication rates, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become an important consideration. This article reviews the methods for defining HRQOL, the challenges in measuring HRQOL in bladder cancer, and the literature comparing HRQOL after various methods of urinary diversion. Recent contributions include the validation of HRQOL instruments specific to bladder cancer and the publication of several prospective studies measuring HRQOL outcomes after cystectomy and urinary diversion. There is no convincing evidence from existing literature that any particular method of urinary diversion offers superior HRQOL outcomes. Rather, there is growing evidence that good HRQOL can be achieved with patient education and consideration of each patient's clinical and psychosocial situation. Future research should utilize the validated bladder cancer specific HRQOL instruments and perhaps explore the impact of preoperative counseling on postoperative HRQOL.
Unveiling the Biometric Potential of Finger-Based ECG Signals
Authors: Lourenço André , Silva Hugo , Fred Ana
Published: August 2011

The ECG signal has been shown to contain relevant information for human identification. Even though results validate the potential of these signals, data acquisition methods and apparatus explored so far compromise user acceptability, requiring the acquisition of ECG at the chest. In this paper, we propose a finger-based ECG biometric system, that uses signals collected at the fingers, through a minimally intrusive 1-lead ECG setup recurring to Ag/AgCl electrodes without gel as interface with the skin. The collected signal is significantly more noisy than the ECG acquired at the chest, motivating the application of feature extraction and signal processing techniques to the problem. Time domain ECG signal processing is performed, which comprises the usual steps of filtering, peak detection, heartbeat waveform segmentation, and amplitude normalization, plus an additional step of time normalization. Through a simple minimum distance criterion between the test patterns and the enrollment database, results have revealed this to be a promising technique for biometric applications.