bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Darstellung von Preisgrundlagen nach der aktuellen ÖNORM B 2061 (2020). Der österreichische Weg/The demonstration of price components in building and construction according to ÖNORM B 2061 (2020). The Austrian approach
Authors: Wiesner Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

Mit 1. Mai 2020 wurde die österreichische Norm ÖNORM B 2061 „Preisermittlung für Bauleistungen. Verfahrensnorm“ in einer aktualisierten Fassung herausgegeben. Der Autor leitete die Arbeitsgruppe bei Austrian Standards International.

 

Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Anwendungsbereiche der Norm, ihr Aufbau und ihre wesentlichen Inhalte erläutert. In einem exemplarischen Vergleich mit der KLR Bau und den einschlägigen Regelungen des deutschen Vergabe- und Vertragshandbuches für Baumaßnahmen des Bundes (VHB) werden Weiterentwicklungen beschrieben, die gegebenenfalls auch in Deutschland von der ÖNORM B 2061 übernommen werden könnten.

 

Insbesondere wird dabei auf das Konzept der mehrstufigen Zuschlagskalkulation eingegangen. Damit können moderne Vorfertigungsprozesse im Bauwesen präziser abgebildet werden, als mit einer herkömmlichen einfachen Zuschlagskalkulation.
Explosionsschutz für die Holzpelletproduktion
Authors: Welsch Matthias
Published: May 2021

Die Energiewende ist in vollem Gange und damit die Wiederentdeckung regenerativer Energieträger: 17,4 Prozent des deutschen Endenergieverbrauchs wurden im Jahr 2019 aus erneuerbaren Energien gedeckt, das teilte das Umweltbundesamt mit. Bei der Wärmeversorgung aus Erneuerbaren kommt fester Biomasse, also Holz, der größte Anteil zu. Das spiegelt sich auch in den Zahlen der holzverarbeitenden Industrie wider. Die Produktion klimafreundlicher Holzpellets erfordert jedoch besondere Vorkehrungen, denn Holzstäube sind leicht entzündlich. Für die Sicherheit von Menschen und Betriebsanlagen empfiehlt sich deshalb die Zusammenarbeit mit Komplettanbietern nachhaltiger Explosionsschutzsysteme.
Einparkschwierigkeiten am Alexanderplatz in Berlin
Authors: Wilrich Thomas
Published: May 2021

Das Amtsgericht München betonte die Sorgfaltspflichten bei Nutzung einer elektronischen Einparkhilfe – zwar nur knapp, die Aussagen könnten aber ein grundlegender Aspekt zur Verantwortungszuteilung bei automatisierten Systemen werden:
Occurrence of the belemnite Actinocamax plenus in the -
Cenomanian of SE France and its significance
Authors: Gale A. S. , Christensen W K.
Published: May 2021

The Late Cenomanian belernniteActinocamaxplenus is recorded from the Tethyan
Realm for the first time, from les Lattes in the Alpes de Haute-Provence, southeastem France. This exceptionally southerly occurrence of the species is coincident with a cold temperature event, the Plenus Cold Event, registered by oxygen
isotope data from southeast England. The record of A. plenus from les Lattes
enables a precise correlation to be made with the Plenus Marls of the Anglo-Paris
Basin.
INOVASI WISATA RELIGU MAKAM PANGERAN BENOWO DALAM RANGKA PENINGKATAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DESA WONOMERTO, KECAMATAN WONOSALAM, KABUPATEN JOMBANG
Authors: Hendra Hendra , Susilo Clarissa , Adityaji Rizki
Published: May 2021

Pembangunan pariwisata di desa-desa yang memiliki potensi wisata menjadi salah satu program pemerintah dalam membangun perekonomian daerah dan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan dari masyarakat yang terlibat dalam pengembangan daerah wisata tersebut. Desa Wonomerto, yang merupakan salah satu Desa wisata di wilayah Kecamatan Wonosalam, kabupaten Jombang , Jawa Timur. Desa ini memiliki keindahan alam yang bagus dan memiliki potensi sebagai wisata religi dari salah satu aset wisata religi yaitu makam pangeran Benowo, simbol pahlawan yang menjadi jujugan ziarah religi bagi masyarakat. Wisata Religi yang ala kadarnya menjadi latar kami melaksanakan kewajiban berupa Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di daerah tujuan wisata berupa Inovasi ketersediaan kuliner lokal hasil dari eksplorasi budaya setempat yang memberdayakan potensi hasil alam dan kultur budaya kehidupan sehari hari masyarakat. Memberikan edukasi tentang konsep pengembangan wisata berbasis masyarakat menjadi langkah awal untuk mengubah mindset masyarakat tentang pariwisata. mulai dari inovasi desain, pengemasan, dan promosi. Luaran dari hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini berupa hasil penelitian yang dipublikasikan dalam prosiding/jurnal nasional, dan buku panduan berbisnis kedai kopiKata kunci
PKM PELATIHAN GURU TAMAN KANAK-KANAK SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCITRAAN SEKOLAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN JUMLAH PESERTA DIDIK BARU DI KELURAHAN KEDUNG BARUK
Authors: Wangi Mega Pandan , Puspasari Ira , Kusumawati Weny Indah
Published: May 2021

TK Islam Mutiara berdiri diawali dari terbentuknya Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Jiwa Nala dikenal dengan Yayasan Jiwanala. TK Islam Mutiara adalah lembaga swasta yang berdiri sejak tahun 1990. Berdasarkan spreadsheet (data) yang ada, dapat dilihat penerimaan siswa baru selama 3 tahun terakhir di TK Islam Mutiara Surabaya mengalami penurunan. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh banyak hal, seperti: banyaknya taman kanak-kanak di setiap kecamatan, jarak taman kanak-kanak dengan tempat tinggal, besarnya biaya pendidikan, strategi promosi, dan faktor lain. Pada Program Kemitraan Masyarakat ini, bahasannya akan difokuskan pada strategi promosi. Selama ini promosi yang dilakukan oleh TK Islam Mutiara Surabaya melalui penyebaran brosur, media sosial (Instagram), dan website. Namun website yang tersedia jarang diperbaharui isi berita tentang sekolahnya. Program Kemitraan Masyarakat ini, mengatasi kesulitan yang berkenaan dengan kegiatan promosi TK Islam Mutiara Surabaya khususnya promosi pada media sosial instagram, dimana dengan menggunakan media sosial ini sekolah dapat menampilkan video tentang profil sekolah. Pembuatan video profil sekolah ini, ditunjang dengan guru pengajar yang memiliki telepon genggam, sehingga dapat membantu proses pembuatan video profil sekolah, yang pada akhirnya dapat membantu mempromosikan TK Islam Mutiara Surabaya. Hasil yang didapat antara lain: naskah tentang profil sekolah TK, pengetahuan tentang proses produksi video profil sekolah menggunakan telepon genggam dengan aplikasi Viva Video. Hasil jadi video profil sekolah dapat digunakan sebagai media promosi. Dengan terselesaikannya Program Kemitraan Masyarakat ini, para peserta pelatihan menghendaki pelatihan lanjutan untuk mengembangkan diri di bidang pengembangan video pembelajaran.
“ROLE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY BRAIN IN ESTABLISHING THE FREQUENCY OF DIFFERENT TYPES AND SUBTYPES OF STROKE AND TO CORRELATE THEM WITH RISK FACTORS AND TIME OF ONSET OF SYMPTOMS AND OUTCOME
Authors: Iram Javeed  , Nayab Alia  , Adeen Akram
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT: Objectives: This study was performed to establish role of CT Brain in establishing frequency of different type and subtypes of stroke in Pakistani population and to correlate CT findings with risk factors and duration of onset of symptoms that lead patient to take admission in hospital and outcome of different types of stroke. Methodology: A sample of hundred patients was taken from SOCIAL SECURITY HOSPITAL MULTAN ROAD LAHORE over a period of nine months starting from October 2014 to June 2015.A prospective study with convenient sampling technique was performed. Equipment used was 64 slice TOSHIBA CT scanner machine. Patients with incomplete data, pediatric age group to age 14 years, stroke due to trauma, infections or tumours were excluded from this study. A detailed questionnaire was used to collect data from the patients that included age, sex, type of stroke, time of onset of symptoms, location of lesion on CT brain, odema of cerebral tissues, midline shift predisposing risk factors like HTN, DM, oldage, high cholesterol levels, CLDetc and outcome of stroke and time of death in some cases was recorded.The collected data was analyzed by SPSS-20. Results: Shows that infarctive stroke was more prevalent type of stroke in Pakistani population and the frequency increases with increasing age and stroke was more prevalent in men than in women.It shows that subdural hematomas were more prevalent out of hemorrhagic strokes than other subtypes of extraaxial type of hemorrhagic strokes.Complications like odema of cerebral tissues,midline shift and disabilities were more common in hemorrhagic strokes than in infarctive strokes.Also the cases of stroke due to rupture of a blood vessel presented earlier to hospital because of early onset of symptoms as compared to cases of stroke due to blockade of a blood vessel.
STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION FOR CHANGING SOCIAL HABITS IN WASTE SORTING
Authors:   Turiba University, Latvia, Skuskovnika Daina , Zvingule Anita ,   Turiba University, Latvia
Published: May 2021

The article analyses the theoretical principles and practical experience in planning communication with society to change its behaviour towards reduction of waste generation and promotion of its recycling. Research objective: Analysis of a case study, examining the communication of a Latvian regional utility service provider with customers and making proposals for developing the company’s communication strategy to change waste sorting habits of community. Within the framework of the research, waste management and communication experts were interviewed and the previous experience of SIA “Kuldīgas komunālie pakalpojumi” was analysed. Media content analysis (2017–2019), customer survey and focus group interviews were conducted. The analysis of the results obtained revealed that SIA “Kuldīgas komunālie pakalpojumi” lacks a unified strategic approach in its communication with customers. The company's communication strategy for 2021–2023 was developed and a follow‐up analysis is planned after its implementation. The article concludes with recommendations for developing a business communication strategy to change waste sorting habits of society.
FACTORS FORMING THE EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN STUDENTS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE EXPORT OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors:   Turiba University, Latvia, Sotikova Natālija , Cāne Renāte ,   Vidzeme University of Applied Sciences, Latvia
Published: May 2021

There is intense competition in the modern education market, which forces higher educational institutions to choose a market‐ oriented strategy. As local student numbers shrink, universities are actively recruiting foreign students. Therefore, it isimportant to determine the factors shaping the experiences of international students while obtaining higher education abroad, and the impact of these factors on the development of higher education exports. The aim of thisstudy isto assessthe factorsforming the experience of international students in the export of education. Surveys, frequency analysis, calculations of central tendency measures, and correlational analysis were used as the research methods. This study concludes that among the factors surveyed, students considered the following asthe most important ones: opportunity to travel to different countries during the studies, price level in the country, safety level in the country, good opportunities for leisure and entertainment, and the friendliness of locals. The most important factors for higher educational institutions included quality of education, interesting student life, good relationships with local students and with other foreign students, good relationships with academic staff, and interactive lectures. These results are important for higher educational institutions because they help to determine how to shape positive experiences for the development of higher education export.
VISUAL MODELS AS A MEANS OF TEACHING IN PRIMARY MATH’S EDUCATION: PROBLEMS OF TEACHER TRAINING
Authors:   Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank, Urban Maria , Vasilevska Daina , Abchynets Alesia ,   Belarusian State Pedagogical University named after Maxim Tank
Published: May 2021

The modern teaching of mathematics relies heavily on the modeling method. At the same time, visual models are the most preferred means of teaching mathematics in primary school. Numerous scientific studies suggest methods for improving the practice of teaching mathematics using visual models. However, much less attention has been paid to the problem of preparing a primary school teacher for the use of visual models in mathematics lessons. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe the features of teachers' use of visual models in mathematics lessons, to identify the problems of preparing students for the use of visual teaching models and to propose one of the approaches to its improvement. To achieve the result, various methods were used: theoretical analysis of modern sources on the use of visual models in teaching mathematics; an observation method for identifying the features of the use of visual models by teachers in mathematics lessons, a case method for determining the attitude of future primary school teachers to the use of visual models. As a result of the research, the problems of preparing students for the use of visual models in primary teaching of mathematics are highlighted. One of the main problems of this training is the discrepancy between the verbal‐logical thinking of an adult and the visual‐ figurative thinking of a child. Therefore, when developing the ability to teach using visual models, it is important to start not with mastering the technical aspects of building models, but with understanding and accepting the value of educational modeling by students.
PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF LITHUANIAN LEGAL REGULATION OF IMPEACHMENT PROCEDURE TO A MEMBER OF LOCAL MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
Authors:   Kazimieras Simonavičius University,Lithuania, Kaklys Karolis
Published: May 2021

Although members and mayors of municipal councils are not included in the list of persons who may be subject of Impeachment proceedings under the Constitution, a peculiar variant of the institute of Impeachment is the procedure of premature loss of authority of a mayor or a member of the local municipal council, which is established in Article 25 (1) of the Law on Local Self‐ Government of the Republic of Lithuania. In a democratic system it is vitally important that every local politician who takes an oath takes full responsibility, regardless of whether he works in the majority or minority of the municipal council and/or to which political force he belongs. The problematic aspect is that it is very complicated to initiate the impeachment proceedings on a politician who belongs to the majority and has broken the oath, and there are almost no practical possibilities to complete it as such possibilities remain only theoretical and very poorly feasible. The main tasks of the research is to determine practical and theoretical possibilities to initiate Impeachment proceedings against politiciansin the majority;to revealthe essential problematic aspects of legal regulation of Impeachment procedure to a member (or a mayor) of municipal council and to draw some solutions related to these questions analysed for Lithuanian legislator in order to improve national legal regulation. The research was carried out by employing logical, comparative, system analysis, monitoring, linguistic, empirical, synthesis and generalization methods.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION FRAMEWORK – WILL THE PANDEMIC BRING NEW CHANGES?
Authors:   Rīga Stradiņš University,	Latvia, Mackeviča Marta
Published: May 2021

The General Data Protection Regulation (hereinafter – the Regulation), which entered into force on 25 May 2018 and introduced a new legal framework for the protection of personal data in the European Union, also included a number of new rights, more precise definitions and improvements in the field of personal data protection. The three‐year period has shown that the Regulation has successfully replaced Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement ofsuch data, but the Covid‐19 pandemic posed the question: does the Regulation sufficiently define and explain how controllers should deal with the processing of sensitive data, or in situations where employees of companies and institutions work remotely? Data protection is a complex concept that can be analyzed from both a legal and a social point of view. Traditionally, data protection has been referred to as the protection of personal privacy in the context of processes involving the use of personal data. Prior to the implementation of the Regulation, the existing rules on the protection of personal data in the European Union were not sufficiently uniform and were implemented differently in each Member State. It contributed to the development and implementation of the Regulation, in the hope that it would modernize and promote a common data protection regime, while maintaining all the basic principles of data protection that have been followed so far. Prior to the pandemic, the Regulation successfully achieved its original objectives, but hasthe pandemic necessitated a revision of the Regulation? This article will analyze the development of the legal framework for the protection of personal data and analyze the compliance of the Regulation with the requirements arising from the effects of the pandemic.
ADI METHOD ADVANTAGES FOR NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ELLIPTIC 2D DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors:   Turiba University, Latvia, Morevs Patriks , Khudzhina Marina V. ,   Nizhnevartovsk State University,Russia, Dzhambetov Elman ,   Chechen	State Pedagogical	University, Russia, Karakozov Sergei D. ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Russia
Published: May 2021

Use of ADI has improved computation time of the Nodal type difference scheme for 2d elliptic partial differential equations. Cases for Helmholtz and absorption equation are considered.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS LEGAL ENTITY IN THE CIVIL LIABILITY CONTEXT
Authors:   Kazimieras Simonavičius University,Lithuania, Nemeikšis Giedrius
Published: May 2021

Entity issues of artificial intelligence is no longer a purely theoretical question, as technological progress and its practical application is an increasingly common phenomenon, while the artificial intelligence system's ability to learn and to make decisions autonomously determines its subjective nature and increasingly limited ability to consider it as just a complex tool. So, the purpose of the research is to analyse the legal basis and issues related with acceptance of the artificial intelligence as a separate legal entity and peculiarities of civil liability for damages caused by artificial intelligence. The analysis was based on three issues: a concept of artificial intelligence, its possibility to be recognized as a separate legal entity and peculiarities of civil liability for damages caused by it. The research was carried out by employing the logical, the teleological, the systematic analysis, the linguistic, the synthesising methods and the analysis of legal documents. The analysis shows that there is no single concept of artificial intelligence, but the identified specific elements of its definition would simplify its legal regulation as well as only a fully autonomous artificial intelligence has a potential to be recognized as a separate legal entity, so in this case there is an objective need to review the framework for civil liability for damages caused by artificial intelligence in order to establish at least joint and several civil liability of it with the natural person responsible for it.
Investigation of microplastics removal methods from aquatic environments
Authors: Günes-Durak Sevgi
Published: May 2021

Microplastics are less than 5 mm in length and are polymer chains containing carbon and hydrogen atoms. It poses a direct and indirect danger to all living things in the ecosystem. It is found in products such as microplastics, synthetic clothes, plastic bags and bottles, some cleaners, health and beauty products, toothpaste and causes both soil and water pollution from wastewater systems and solid waste. This situation not only threatens the life of creatures living in aquatic ecosystems such as rivers, lakes, seas, and oceans but also penetrates the human body through the food chain, causing various health problems, especially cancer. As with all environmental pollutants, microplastics need to reduce pollution at the source. In this research, treatment methods applied to remove microplastics that cannot be prevented at source from the water ecosystem were investigated and evaluated. According to the results, in wastewater treatment plants, the highest efficiency of microplastic removal is provided by membrane bioreactors. However, by imitating the microplastic removal capabilities and structures of living things in nature, studies on the discovery of new methods of microplastic removal can also be conducted.
The polluter should... pay?
Authors: Baykal Funda Yetgin
Published: May 2021

The Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) is among the core international instruments for environmental protection. It appears to be excessively economy-focused at initial sight. To evaluate the moral validity of this, I visited four different justification possibilities: 1. Economically preferable equals environmentally preferable; 2. Economic development is a satisfactory aim; 3. Environmental problems arise from economic goals; 4. The economy represents the power needed for solutions. After evaluating each of these, I confirmed that the focus of the PPP on the economy does not allow for sufficient protection of Nature, as also expressed in the literature.
ŠIAURĖS RYTŲ LIETUVOS AUKŠTAPELKIŲ DEGRADAVIMO PROBLEMOS NAGRINĖJIMAS PASITELKIANT GEOGRAFINES INFORMACINES SISTEMAS
Authors: Bunikytė Rasa , Puzienė Rūta
Published: May 2021

Aukštapelkių degradacija yra svarbi problema jau nuo XIX a. pabaigos. Šių ekosistemų nykimas gali sukelti
rimtų pasekmių, nes pelkės yra labai svarbios ne tik kaip durpių producentai, jos atlieka upių vandens balanso reguliavimo
funkciją, palaiko gruntinio ir požeminių vandenų balansą, gerina vandens kokybę, palaiko biologinę įvairovę, yra
valgomųjų ir vaistinių augalų ištekliai, taip pat suteikia namus daugybei gyvūnų ir paukščių. Aukštapelkių degradaciją
lemia du pagrindiniai veiksniai: 1) klimato šiltėjimas mažėjant kritulių šiltuoju laikotarpiu; 2) antropogeninė veikla, vykdoma pelkėje ar aplinkinėse pelkės teritorijose: ganymas, šienavimas, nuotekos, sausinimas, atmosferinė tarša ir kt.
Pasitelkus geografines informacines sistemas nagrinėjamos šiaurės rytų Lietuvos aukštapelkės, jų augalijos teritoriniai
pokyčiai laikui einant.
LIETUVOS POLICIJOS 2015–2019 M. REGISTRUOTŲ VIEŠOSIOS TVARKOS PAŽEIDIMŲ ERDVINĖS SKLAIDOS ANALIZĖ VILNIAUS MIESTO SAVIVALDYBĖJE
Authors: Gružas Kostas
Published: May 2021

Šio darbo tikslas – pažinti viešosios tvarkos pažeidimų erdvinę sklaidą 2015–2019 metų laikotarpiu Vilniaus miesto savivaldybėje. Analizuojami pagrindiniai kartografiniai metodai, taikomi nusikalstamumo žemėlapiams sudaryti, jais remiantis siekiama perteikti esamą situaciją ir ieškoti problemų sprendimo būdų. Nagrinėjama Policijos departamen-to registruotų įvykių duomenų bazė. Aprašomos naudojamos technologijos duomenims rinkti, tvarkyti, vizualizuoti ir analizuoti. Išryškinami kartografinių metodų privalumai ir trūkumai, pateikiamos išvados.
ORTOFOTOGRAFINIŲ ŽEMĖLAPIŲ ANALIZĖ NAUDOJANT TRIMBLE INPHO UASMASTER PROGRAMĄ
Authors: Sinkevič Agneška , Sužiedelytė Visockienė Jūratė
Published: May 2021

Darbo tikslas – įvertinti ortofotografinių žemėlapių tikslumą priklausomai nuo atraminių taškų skaičiaus ir jų išdėstymo trianguliacijos bloke. Ortofotografiniams žemėlapiams sudaryti naudojama nemažai kompiuterinių pro-jektavimų (angl. Computer-aided design) (CAD) ir geografinių informacinių sistemų (GIS) programų. Tiriamojo objekto ortofotografiniams žemėlapiams generuoti, atsižvelgiant į darbų sąnaudas ir tikslumą, parinktas fotonuotraukų apdoro-jimo metodas ir komercinė fotogrametrinė programa „Trimble Inpho UASMaster“. Straipsnyje pristatyta ortofoto-grafinių žemėlapių sudarymo darbų eiga. Pagal aerotrianguliacijos skaičiavimų rezultatus įvertintas dešimties ortofoto-grafinių žemėlapių, sudarytų naudojant skirtingą atraminių taškų skaičių ir kitaip juos išdėsčius, rezultatų tikslumas. Suskaičiuotos atraminių taškų paklaidos, lyginant koordinačių reikšmes su geodeziniu metodu išmatuotomis taškų koordinatėmis. Gautos planinės nesutaptys yra nuo 0,1 iki 3,4 cm, aukščių paklaidos yra didesnės – iki 13,5 cm. Klaidų atsiradimui įtaką daro atraminių taškų skaičius ir jų išsidėstymo konfigūracija.
Poking Holes: Looking for Gaps in LIGO/Virgo’s Black Hole Population
Authors: Edelman Bruce , Doctor Zoheyr , Farr Ben
Published: May 2021

Stellar evolution models predict the existence of a gap in the black hole mass spectrum from ∼55 M
⊙–120 M
⊙ due to pair-instability supernovae (PISNe). We investigate the possible existence of such an “upper” mass gap in the second gravitational-wave transient catalog (GWTC-2) by hierarchically modeling the astrophysical distribution of black hole masses. We extend the Truncated and Powerlaw+Peak mass distribution families to allow for an explicit gap in the mass distribution, and apply the extended models to GWTC-2. We find that with the Truncated model there is mild evidence favoring an upper mass gap with log Bayes Factor

, inferring the lower and upper bounds at

and

respectively. When using the Powerlaw+Peak model, we find no preference for the gap. When imposing tighter priors on the gap bounds centered on the expected PISNe gap bounds, the log Bayes factors in favor of a gap mildly increase. These results are however contingent on the parameter inference for the most massive binary, GW190521, for which follow-up analyses showed the source may be an intermediate mass ratio merger that has component masses straddling the gap. Using the GW190521 posterior samples from the analysis in Nitz & Capano (2021), we find an increase in Bayes factors in favor of the gap. However, the overall conclusions are unchanged: there is no preference for a gap when using the Powerlaw+Peak model. This work paves the way for constraining the physics of pair-instability and pulsational pair-instability supernovae and high-mass black hole formation.
Superadiabaticity in Jupiter and Giant Planet Interiors
Authors: Debras Florian , Chabrier Gilles , Stevenson David J.
Published: May 2021

Interior models of giant planets traditionally assume that at a given radius (i.e., pressure) the density should be larger than or equal to the one corresponding to a homogeneous, adiabatic stratification throughout the planet (referred to as the “outer adiabat”). The observations of Jupiter’s gravity field by Juno combined with the constraints on its atmospheric composition appear to be incompatible with such a profile. In this Letter, we show that the above assumption stems from an incorrect understanding of the Schwarzschild–Ledoux criterion, which is only valid on a local scale. In order to fulfill the buoyancy stability condition, the density gradient with pressure in a nonadiabatic region must indeed rise more steeply than the local adiabatic density gradient. However, the density gradient can be smaller than the one corresponding to the outer adiabat at the same pressure because of the higher temperature in an inhomogeneously stratified medium. Deep enough, the density can therefore be lower than the one corresponding to the outer adiabat. We show that this is permitted only if the slope of the local adiabat becomes shallower than the slope of the outer adiabat at the same pressure, as found in recent Jupiter models due to the increase of both specific entropy and adiabatic index with depth. We examine the dynamical stability of this structure and show that it is stable against nonadiabatic perturbations. The possibility of such an unconventional density profile in Jupiter further complicates our understanding of the internal structure and evolution of (extrasolar) giant planets.
System-level Fractionation of Carbon from Disk and Planetesimal Processing
Authors: Lichtenberg Tim , Krijt Sebastiaan
Published: May 2021

Finding and characterizing extrasolar Earth analogs will rely on interpretation of the planetary system’s environmental context. The total budget and fractionation between C–H–O species sensitively affect the climatic and geodynamic state of terrestrial worlds, but their main delivery channels are poorly constrained. We connect numerical models of volatile chemistry and pebble coagulation in the circumstellar disk with the internal compositional evolution of planetesimals during the primary accretion phase. Our simulations demonstrate that disk chemistry and degassing from planetesimals operate on comparable timescales and can fractionate the relative abundances of major water and carbon carriers by orders of magnitude. As a result, individual planetary systems with significant planetesimal processing display increased correlation in the volatile budget of planetary building blocks relative to no internal heating. Planetesimal processing in a subset of systems increases the variance of volatile contents across planetary systems. Our simulations thus suggest that exoplanetary atmospheric compositions may provide constraints on when a specific planet formed.
A Compilation of Pulse Widths and Their Associated Observing Parameters for All Known Nulling Pulsars
Authors: Sheikh Sofia Z. , Brown Grayce , Jones Brenda , MacDonald Mariah G. , MacTaggart Jackson R. , Nguyen Thomas , Rosario Grace , Smedile Vincent A. , Stone Adam T. , You Shengdi
Published: May 2021

Nulling pulsars are pulsars whose observed flux occasionally disappears, but the mechanism behind the cessation is not well understood. Motivated by the correlation between pulse width and nulling fraction found in Sheikh & MacDonald, we compile all 378 nulling pulsars to date with their pulse widths in a machine-readable table. We also include the observing frequency and time resolution of each pulse width measurement. Such a table will be useful for future studies of this population.
Flora of Vladimir Oblast, Russia: an updated grid dataset (1867–2020)
Authors: Seregin Alexey P.
Published: May 2021

The dataset covers wild tracheophytes (native species, naturalised aliens and casuals) of Vladimir Oblast, Russia. It includes only one occurrence per species per grid square, thereby recently confirmed earlier records are not duplicated. Georeferences are based on the WGS84 grid scheme with 342 squares with areas ranging from 94.7 km2 in the northernmost part to 98.2 km2 on the southern boundary (5′ lat. × 10′ long.). Each occurrence is linked to the corresponding grid square centroid, therefore actual coordinates, habitat details and voucher information are unavailable. In late 2011, the earlier version of the dataset was used for the production of grid maps in the standard "Flora of Vladimir Oblast: checklist and atlas". Additional records, obtained during field excursions of 2012 and 2013, were fully included in the "Flora of Vladimir Oblast: grid data analysis". The stable version of the dataset with 123,054 grid records (as of 1867–2013) was published in GBIF in 2017.

Data obtained in the field during 2014–2020, as well as those extracted from recently published sources, were digitised, structured and finally published in GBIF in April 2021. The last update added 7,000 new grid records. Currently, "Flora of Vladimir Oblast, Russia: an updated grid dataset (1867–2020)" contains 130,054 unique occurrences of 1,465 vascular plant taxa (species, hybrids, species aggregates) from Vladimir Oblast and tiny parts of the adjacent areas. The average number of grid records has grown over the seven years from 363 to 380 species. The grid occurrences are largely based on the field studies by the author, performed during 1999–2020 (121,737 records), as well as on data extracted from the relevant literature, unpublished sources, herbarium collections and citizen science projects (8,317 records). The taxonomic backbone of the occurrence grid dataset follows the accompanying checklist dataset to ensure correct cross-linking of the names. As of April 2021, the dataset on the Vladimir Oblast flora represents the fourth largest dataset on vascular plants of Russia published in GBIF.
Overview of Indian and Nepali representatives of the Cincticostella nigra (Uéno, 1928) complex (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae), with discussion about Cincticostella Allen, 1971 species complexes
Authors: Martynov Alexander V. , Selvakumar C. , Palatov Dmitry M. , Subramanian K. A. , Sivaramakrishnan K. G. , Vasanth M. , Jacobus Luke M.
Published: May 2021

The concept of the Cincticostella nigra (Uéno, 1928) (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) complex is clarified and Indian and Nepali representatives of the complex are reviewed. Four new species are described viz. Cincticostella changfai Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov., Cincticostella funki Martynov, Selvakumar, Palatov & Vasanth, sp. nov., Cincticostella shinichii Martynov & Palatov, sp. nov. and Cincticostella wangi Selvakumar, Martynov & Subramanian, sp. nov. The larva of C. corpulenta (Braasch, 1981) is re-described, based on the holotype and paratypes. Cincticostella gosei (Allen, 1975) is recorded from India for the first time. Morphological differences of the species complexes of Cincticostella Allen, 1971 are analysed. A new species complex, Cincticostella gosei complex, is proposed. Summaries of distribution data and habitat preferences, as well as new larval diagnoses, are presented for all species of the Cincticostella nigra complex.
Retour sur la coproduction franco-anglo-américaine d’Alice au pays des merveilles de Lou Bunin (1949)
Authors: Roffat Sébastien
Published: May 2021

L’article revient sur la production, en 1947-1949 d’un film d’animation franco-anglo-américain, Alice au Pays des merveilles, réalisé par Lou Bunin, sculpteur et marionnettiste américain d’extrême-gauche, ami de Diego Rivera et Tina Modotti, qui a fui l’Amérique de la « chasse aux sorcières ». Accueilli par des techniciens, acteurs, cinéastes et producteurs membres du PCF ou proches de lui, Bunin fait venir des États-Unis des animateurs licenciés par Walt Disney pour fait de grève et d’autres « black-listés » comme lui. Le film devait inaugurer une production d’animation française originale. Tourné en deux langues il bénéficie du système d’aide du Crédit national et de la distribution par l’UGC récemment constituée après la saisie par l’État des biens allemands notamment ceux de la Continental, qui participe à son financement. Dans le climat de « guerre froide », le film rencontre l’hostilité de la presse de droite qui s’indigne que les fonds publics aient financé un film « américano-communiste » tandis qu’aux États-Unis Walt Disney fait tout pour entraver la diffusion du film de Bunin qui tomba dans l’oubli. Grâce à l’exploitation inédite des archives du Crédit national et d’autres fonds ainsi que du dépouillement de la presse de l’époque, cet article retrace les conditions de production de ce film et le sort qui fut le sien.
Tereza D’Amico : un maniérisme populaire
Authors: Hannud Giancarlo
Published: May 2021

L’article cherche à donner une vision d’ensemble de la vie et de l’œuvre de Tereza D’Amico. Artiste à la solide formation technique, elle choisit à partir de 1957 d’adopter le langage des artistes populaires et autodidactes. Utilisant leur vocabulaire, elle produisit un maniérisme qui s’inspire des spécificités formelles des artistes dits primitifs, que le milieu artistique brésilien était alors en train de « découvrir ». Bien accueilli par les critiques de son temps, son travail pose des questions inhabituelles pour son époque.
The Rise of eSports
Authors: Delello Julie A. , McWhorter Rochell R. , Roberts Paul , Dockery Hunter S. , De Giuseppe Tonia , Corona Felice
Published: May 2021

The availability and affordability of increased Internet bandwidth, video memory, and processing speed has enabled Electronic sports (eSports) to become a flourishing global sensation and college students are helping to drive this phenomenon. This mixed-methods study focuses on feedback from 159 college students regarding the eSports phenomenon across both gender and educational classification. Findings from the study include their eSports-related gaming and spending habits, and perceptions of personal and academic benefits of playing eSports such as social interaction, teamwork, and critical thinking skills. Included are the perceived risks of playing eSports that encompassed eSports gaming addiction, mental, social, emotional risks, lack of physical activity, and physical disorders associated with playing eSports.
Neurological Manifestations of Dengue Fever
Authors: Kulkarni Rahul , Pujari Shripad , Gupta Dulari
Published: May 2021

Background:

Dengue is a common endemic infection in India. Neurological complications involving various parts of the neuro-axis have been reported. We report neurological complications amongst dengue patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Western India.

Materials and Methods:

Patients admitted in a tertiary hospital in Western India with dengue infection and having neurological symptoms were included in this study. Their history, physical examination, laboratory investigations and imaging studies were obtained from the inpatient records and analysed.

Results:

Between January 2014 to December 2019, a total of 5821 patients were diagnosed with dengue. Of these, 154 (2.64%) had neurological manifestations. Encephalopathy in a setting of multisystem involvement was seen in 31.2% patients, encephalitis with focal features, abnormal imaging and/or abnormal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was seen in 15.6%, syncope in 27.3% and acute symptomatic seizure in 11.0%. Less common presentations were intracranial haemorrhage (4.5%), Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) (3.2%), optic neuritis (1.9%), myositis (1.3%), hypokalemic paralysis (1.3%), ischemic stroke (0.6%), posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) (0.6%), myoclonus (0.6%) and brachial plexopathy (0.6%).

Conclusions:

In this study of patients admitted with dengue, neurological complications due to dengue were seen in 2.64%. Encephalopathy, encephalitis and syncope were the commonest manifestations, followed by acute symptomatic seizures, intracranial haemorrhage and GBS. The entire neuroaxis can be involved in dengue infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest reported study of neurological complications of dengue.
Mucosal eosinophilia and recurrence of nasal polyps - new classification of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Nakayama T. , Yoshikawa M. , Asaka D. , Okushi T. , Matsuwaki Y. , Otori N. , Hama T. , Moriyama H.
Published: May 2021

Background: Eosinophils and nasal polyps are believed to affect the surgical outcome of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS is classified based on the presence of nasal polyps in western countries. The majority of patients with CRS with nasal polyps (CRS with NP) are characterized by predominantly eosinophilic inflammation. However, Asian patients with CRS with NP show characteristics indicative of neutrophilic inflammation. Therefore, are eosinophils or nasal polyps more important for the classification of CRS? Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted from April 2007 to March 2008 classified patients with CRS based on the presence of nasal polyps and mucosal eosinophilia. The recurrence rate of nasal polyps was compared between the groups. Recurrence rate was analysed as a time-dependent variable by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Eosinophilic inflammation was found in 59.6% of patients with CRS with NP. Patients with mucosal eosinophilia had higher polyp recurrence rate than patients without mucosal eosinophilia, whereas patients with nasal polyps did not have higher polyp recurrence rate than patients without nasal polyps. Conclusions: Presence of mucosal eosinophilia is a more important factor than nasal polyps for classifying CRS in terms of the surgical outcome.
Nasally inhaled pulsating aerosols: lung, sinus and nose deposition
Authors: Moller W. , Saba G.K. , Haussinger K. , Becker S. , Keller M. , Schuschnig U.
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Topical delivery of drugs to the sinuses is challenging and requires also particular administration manoeuvres from the patient. This study was conducted to investigate 1) the delivery efficiency of a pulsating aerosol (Vibrent prototype device) to the sinuses and the nose, 2) the aerosol fraction that will deposit in the lungs and 3) potential differences regarding sinus and nasal deposition ratio when comparing aerosol administration during two different administration routes. Methods: An open label deposition study in healthy volunteers was conducted using 99mTc-DTPA radiolabeled pulsating aerosols in comparison to nasal pump sprays. Deposition and retention of pulsating aerosols was assessed by gamma camera imaging during spontaneous nasal breathing and during closed soft palate administration. Results: Aerosol administration during nasal breathing vs. application with closed soft plate results in significant lung, nasal and sinus deposition. No significant differences were observed for nasal clearance. In comparison, drug delivery using nasal pump sprays resulted in non-significant sinus, 100 % nasal and non-significant lung deposition. The clearance kinetics after nasal pump spray delivery was significantly accelerated. Discussion: The standard application mode of pulsation aerosols with closed soft palate results in negligible lung deposition and therefore limits drug delivery to the nasal cavity only, minimizing unwanted side effects. Administration during spontaneous nasal breathing shows only 10% lung deposition, which is tolerable during drug administration. Relevant paranasal sinus deposition is noted during both application modes and clearance kinetics remains essentially unchanged. In contrast, nasal pump sprays do not show sinus drug delivery and nasal drug residence time is shortened. Conclusion: Pulsating aerosols offer advantageous topical nasal and sinus drug delivery options.
Аналитические модули для параболических ростков Дюлака
Authors: Mardesic Pavao , Resman M
Published: May 2021

В статье предъявлены модули аналитической классификации параболических ростков Дюлака, т. е. почти регулярных ростков. Ростки Дюлака возникают как отображения Пуанкаре гиперболических полициклов. Их модули представляют собой последовательности ростков аналитических диффеоморфизмов типа Экаля-Воронина. Результат формулируется для более широкого класса параболических обобщенных ростков Дюлака со степенно-логарифмическими асимптотическими разложениями.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Isolation and identification of phytase-producing Bacillus and Enterobacter species from Nigerian soils
Authors: Onawola O.O. , Akande I.S. , Okunowo W.O. , Osuntoki A.A.
Published: May 2021

The bioavailability of phosphorus and other nutrients in feed for monogastrics is restricted by the presence of phytate. Exogenous supply of phytase produced by bacteria and other microbes can enhance the bioavailability of these nutrients and reduce phosphorus pollution. The objective of the study was to isolate bacteria with phytase-producing potentials from soil; which may be employed for the bioavailability of phosphorus and other nutrients in feed for monogastrics in Nigeria. Top soil samples were collected from two dumpsites in Lagos, Nigeria and bacteria were isolated and screened for potentials to produce phytase. The isolates with phytase potential were primarily identified by their cultural and biochemical  characteristics and then confirmed using the 16S rRNA sequencing, after which their expressed phytases were quantified. A total of six isolates  belonging to three species were identified as phytase producers. Sequence data analyses revealed these to be Bacillus subtilis (2), Bacillus  amyloliquefaciens (3) and Enterobacter cloacae (1) with accession numbers MH879827 and MH879832; MH879828, MH879830 and MH879831; and MH879829 respectively. Phenotypic phytase activity was highest in E. cloacae ODS 29 (9.69 ± 0.04 U/ml) and least in B. subtilis ODS 10 (8.83 ± 0.02 U/ml). In conclusion, phytase-producing Bacillus and Enterobacter species were isolated and characterized from Nigerian soils. These bacteria species could be used in biotechnological applications.

Keywords: Bacillus, Enterobacter, Monogastrics, Phylogenetic analysis, Phytase
Phytoremediation of diesel and spent engine oil contaminated soil using Kariya (Hildergardia barteri Mast.) seedlings
Authors: Olajuyigbe S.O. , Fayinminnu O.O. , Ayoade A.O.
Published: May 2021

Using a completely randomized design experiment, the effect of different levels of diesel and spent engine oil contamination (0 mL/kg, 25 mL/kg, 50 mL/kg and 75 mL/kg of soil) on growth performance (seedling height, collar diameter, number of leaves and biomass accumulation) of Hildergardia barteri seedlings were assessed for twelve weeks. The concentration of Lead, Nickel, Copper and Zinc in the plant parts were also determined. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at P<0.05 level of significance. There were significant differences in the effects of diesel and spent engine oil on growth performance of seedlings based on contamination levels. Control treatment had the highest height (92.43±5.13 cm), collar diameter (16.23±0.98 mm), number of leaves (11.21±0.47) and total biomass (33.01±12.79 g). Seedlings exposed to 50 mL/kg treatments had the least height (diesel oil: 78.21±7.22 cm; spent engine oil: 79±6.24 cm); those exposed to 75 mL/kg contamination had the least collar diameter (diesel oil: 8.85±1.05 mm, spent engine oil: 12.02±1.01 mm), while seedlings treated with 50 mL/kg diesel oil (2.21±0.37) and 75 mL/kg spent engine oil (4.79±0.55) had the lowest number of leaves. Heavy metal bio-accumulation ranges were: Lead: 0.17-0.39 mg/kg, Nickel: 0.09–0.45 mg/kg, Copper: 0.54–1.08 mg/kg, Zinc: 0.88–1.58 mg/kg. The ability of the seedlings to survive and bio-accumulate heavy metals indicate the potential phytoremediation capabilities of Hildergardia barteri.

Keywords: phytoextraction, hydrocarbon derivatives, growth inhibition, Hildergardia barteri
16S rDNA Sequencing analysis in identification of some multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates from clinical specimens
Authors: Iliyasu M.Y. , Bamanga R.A. , Umar A.F. , Agbo E.B. , Uba A.
Published: May 2021

Accurate identification of bacterial pathogens from clinical specimens and Multidrug Resistant (MDR) characterization is a key to empirical therapy.  Twelve (12) bacteria isolates from blood, urine and faecal samples were selected based on the ability to grow on Luria Bertani (LB) agar medium containing 100μg/ml ampicillin, identified by 16S rDNA PCR and sequencing. Identified isolates tagged; U01, U02, U03, U04, S08, U10 and U11 were  from urine specimens, S05, S06, S07 and S12 from stool, while B09 was from blood. The isolates were screened for MDR pattern according to Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Conventional biochemical tests revealed that all the isolates are Escherichia coli. The 16S gene sequencing results confirmed that, ten (10) isolates had high similar sequence alignment with identified E. coli strains, while two are Enterobacter cloacae and P. aeruginosa. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern shows that, most of the isolates (83.3%) were MDR. All the 12 isolates (100%) are resistant to Ampicillin, Cephalothin, Erythromycin, Fusidic acid, Novobiocin and Oxacillin, but sensitive to Colistin sulphate and Imipenem. Eleven isolates (91.7%) are resistant to Chloramphenicol, Cotrimoxazole, Streptomycin, Sulphatriad and Tetracycline. Eight of the 12 isolates (66.7%) are resistant to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. Seven (58.3%) are resistant to Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime and Gentamycin. Nine (75%) are sensitive and three isolates (25%) are resistant to Augmentin. The high resistance to these antibacterial agents in this study was due to the indiscriminate use of first-line  common antibiotics like ampicillin in the study area, which is now substituted with Augmentin. Routine biochemical identification tests should always be confirmed with genotypic methods such as 16S gene sequencing, to avoid misdiagnosis, as variations do exist among some bacterial strains.

Keywords: Multidrug resistance, sequencing, 16S rDNA, E. coli, Enterobacter cloacae, P. aeruginosa.