bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Suicide Risk Screening as a Prevention Technique in Pediatric Medical Settings
Authors: Mournet Annabelle M. , Lowry Nathan J. , Horowitz Lisa M.
Published: August 2022

Suicide risk screening for youth in medical settings, especially in primary care, is supported and encouraged by The Joint Commission, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention. Implementing suicide risk screening and assessment with evidence-based tools can enhance feasibility of screening programs without overburdening busy systems of care. This chapter will highlight existing research on suicide risk screening and assessment in medical settings, discuss the importance of utilizing clinical pathways to effectively manage youth who screen positive for suicide risk, and provide recommendations on best practices for implementing suicide risk screening in medical settings.
After Screening: A Developmentally Informed Approach to Safety Planning and Stabilization
Authors: Zullo Lucas , Kodish Tamar , Asarnow Joan
Published: August 2022

Although the last several years have been marked by significant advances in intervention efforts for youth suicide prevention, suicide remains the second leading cause of death among this age group in the United States. We discuss promising results from intervention research with the goal of informing policies for enhancing suicide prevention care for youth. Additionally, we review findings that denote the critical role of the media and civil legislation on youth suicide prevention.
Rights
Authors: Marchetti Sabrina
Published: August 2022

Transnational migration gives rise to multiple forms of potential exploitation of paid domestic work, being an occupation that is relegated to the informal labour market where migrant women often find themselves in powerless positions in relation to their employers and host society. This is especially so when they are undocumented migrants, as is the case for migrants who do not fulfil the requirements for labour or family migration. As a consequence, in many countries, migrants’ employment in private households is strongly deregulated and workers do not have access to social and labour protection (Triandafyllidou & Marchetti, 2017). In several countries, domestic work is not recognized as work, and is therefore excluded from labour protections. Domestic workers are often deprived of monetary payment and compensated with only food and shelter. Also, in countries where domestic work is regulated through labour laws, provisions differ significantly from those in place for other jobs, having lower remuneration and fewer social protections. This lack of a normative framework adds to the vulnerability that is typical of the sector due to the isolation that is characteristic of this kind of work (especially for live-in workers) and the social stigmatization that they face in different parts of the world.
Conclusion
Authors: Marchetti Sabrina
Published: August 2022

I hope that readers of this book will have found in it a complete and inspiring overview of the many issues at stake around the topic of domestic work, from a migratory perspective. Some of the issues discussed in this volume actually go beyond the experience of migrants, in as far as they may concern the non-migrants among domestic workers. But they also concern workers in the care sectors more generally, as well as the households, companies or institutions for which they work.
Mathematische Kreativität
Authors: Bruhn Svenja
Published: August 2022

Ein alltagssprachliches Verständnis des Begriffs der Kreativität aufgreifend wird zunächst begründet, warum Kreativität kein Mythos ist und die mathematikdidaktische Betrachtung dieses außergewöhnlichen sowie bedeutsamen Themas herausgestellt. Ziel dieses Kapitels ist die explizite Definition der individuellen mathematischen Kreativität von Schulkindern und die darauf basierende Entwicklung des InMaKreS-Modells für die empirische Beobachtung sowie qualitative Beschreibung kreativer Tätigkeiten von Mathematiklernenden. Dafür werden zunächst grundlegende und inhaltliche Aspekte eines umfassenden Begriffsverständnisses von Kreativität im Mathematikunterricht der Grundschule systematisch präsentiert und für diese Arbeit begründet konkretisiert.
Unterstützungsangebote beim kreativen Bearbeiten offener Aufgaben
Authors: Bruhn Svenja
Published: August 2022

Damit Schüler*innen ihre individuelle mathematische Kreativität bei der Bearbeitung offener Aufgaben zeigen können, kommt der unterstützenden Interaktion zwischen Lernenden und Lehrenden eine besondere Bedeutung zu. In diesem Zusammenhang kann das konstruktivistische Unterrichtskonzept des Scaffoldings wichtige Hinweise für die Gestaltung einer kreativen Umgebung liefern. Als geeignete Methode für die Unterstützung von Schulkindern bei der kreativen Bearbeitung offener Aufgaben wird daher insbesondere der Einsatz (meta-)kognitiver Lernprompts beleuchtet.
Teaching Experiment-Methodologie
Authors: Bruhn Svenja
Published: August 2022

Das Teaching Experiment ist eine Methodologie für mathematikdidaktische Forschungen, die das Ziel verfolgt, die Entwicklung ausgewählter mathematischer Fähigkeiten und Denkprozesse von Schüler*innen durch gezielt geplanten Unterricht anzuregen und dadurch zu verstehen. In dem sich die vorliegende Studie an diese Methodologie anlehnt und Einzel-Unterrichtsepisoden geplant werden, in denen Erstklässler*innen zwei arithmetisch offene Aufgaben bearbeiteten, kann deren individuelle mathematische Kreativität im Sinne des InMaKreS-Modells rekonstruiert werden.
Mixed Methods-Studiendesign
Authors: Bruhn Svenja
Published: August 2022

Um in dieser Studie die individuelle mathematische Kreativität von Erstklässler*innen facettenreich zu beschreiben, wurde eine Mixed Methods-Studie geplant und durchgeführt. Dabei wurde zunächst ein quantitatives Sampling-Verfahren gewählt, um gezielt junge Schulkinder für diese Studie auszuwählen. Während sich zudem bei der Datenerhebung, d. h. die Durchführung von Einzel-Unterrichtsepisoden, qualitativen Methoden bedient wurde, bestand die Datenauswertung sowie -interpretation aus einer gezielten Kombination von qualitativen und quantitativen Methoden.
The hadronic running of the electromagnetic coupling and the electroweak mixing angle from lattice QCD
Authors: Cè Marco , Gérardin Antoine , von Hippel Georg , Meyer Harvey B. , Miura Kohtaroh , Ottnad Konstantin , Risch Andreas , José Teseo San , Wilhelm Jonas , Wittig Hartmut
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We compute the hadronic running of the electromagnetic and weak couplings in lattice QCD withNf= 2 + 1 flavors of$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(a) improved Wilson fermions. Using two different discretizations of the vector current, we compute the quark-connected and –disconnected contributions to the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) functions$$ \overline{\varPi} $$Π¯γγand$$ \overline{\varPi} $$Π¯γZfor Euclidean squared momentaQ2≤ 7 GeV2. Gauge field ensembles at four values of the lattice spacing and several values of the pion mass, including its physical value, are used to extrapolate the results to the physical point. The ability to perform an exact flavor decomposition allows us to present the most precise determination to date of the SU(3)-flavor-suppressed HVP function$$ \overline{\varPi} $$Π¯08that enters the running of sin2θW. Our results for$$ \overline{\varPi} $$Π¯γγ,$$ \overline{\varPi} $$Π¯γZand$$ \overline{\varPi} $$Π¯08are presented in terms of rational functions for continuous values ofQ2below 7 GeV2. We observe a tension of up to 3.5 standard deviation between our lattice results for$$ \Delta {\alpha}_{\mathrm{had}}^{(5)} $$∆αhad5(−Q2) and estimates based on theR-ratio for space-like momenta in the range 3–7 GeV2. The tension is, however, strongly diminished when translating our result to theZpole, by employing the Euclidean split technique and perturbative QCD, which yields$$ \Delta {\alpha}_{\mathrm{had}}^{(5)}\left({M}_Z^2\right) $$∆αhad5MZ2= 0.02773(15) and agrees with results based on theR-ratio within the quoted uncertainties.
The collider landscape: which collider for establishing the SM instability?
Authors: Franceschini Roberto , Strumia Alessandro , Wulzer Andrea
Published: August 2022

Abstract

Capabilities of future colliders are usually discussed assuming specific hypothetical new physics. We consider the opposite possibility: that no new physics is accessible, and we want to learn if the unnatural Standard Model is part of a vast landscape. We argue that a main step in this direction would be establishing the possible instability scale of the Higgs potential. This primarily needs reducing the uncertainty on the strong coupling and on the top quark mass. We show that the top quark mass can be measured well enough via a$$ t\overline{t} $$tt¯threshold scan with low 1033cm−2sec−1luminosity, that seems achievable at a ‘small’e+e−collider in the LEP tunnel, or at a muon collider demonstrator.
Global weak solutions for the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert–Vlasov–Maxwell system coupled via emergent electromagnetic fields
Authors: Dorešić Tvrtko , Melcher Christof
Published: August 2022

Motivated by recent models of current driven magnetization dynamics, we examine the coupling of the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation and classical electron transport governed by the Vlasov–Maxwell system. The interaction is based on space-time gyro-coupling in the form of emergent electromagnetic fields of quantized helicity that add up to the conventional Maxwell fields. We construct global weak solutions of the coupled system in the framework of frustrated magnets with competing first- and second-order gradient interactions known to host topological solitons such as magnetic skyrmions and hopfions.
Translation and validation of the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire-vaginal symptoms: the simplified Chinese version
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Li Yingyang , Zhu Tao , Jia Tiantian , Jiang Kexin , Jiang Enshe
Published: August 2022

Introduction and hypothesis

International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Vaginal Symptoms (ICIQ-VS) is a simple and effective questionnaire for evaluating vaginal symptoms, sexual problems and the quality of life (QOL) in patients. This study was aimed at validating the simplified Chinese version of the ICIQ-VS.

Methods

A total of 120 women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) stage <2, 124 with stage ≥ 2, and 51 patients who underwent POP surgery (POP stage ≥2) were included. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used for reliability analysis. We used the content validity index, Kruskal–Wallis H test, and Mann–Whitney U test to study validity. Paired sample t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, effect size and standardized response mean were used to assess sensitivity.

Results

The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of the vaginal symptoms score (VSS) and sexual matters score (SMS) were 0.787 and 0.861 respectively. The test–retest reliabilities of the VSS, SMS, and QOL score were 0.830, 0.894, and 0.948 respectively. The test–retest reliability was from good to excellent (ICC 0.669–0.948). The item-level content validity index was 0.60 to 1.00. The scale-level content validity index/universal agreement was 0.95, and the scale-level content validity index/average was 0.96. Significant score differences existed between the symptomatic and asymptomatic groups (p < 0.001). Criterion validity was significant (p < 0.001). VSS and QOL score had high sensitivity (p < 0.001, effect size and standardized response mean >0.8).

Conclusions

The simplified Chinese version of the ICIQ-VS can objectively and reliably access vaginal symptoms, sexual matters, and QOL in Chinese women.
An ex-vivo assessment of a new single probe triple modality (Trilogy) lithotripter
Authors: O’Connor Charles Joseph , Hogan Donnacha , Yap Lee Chien , Lyons Louise , Hennessey Derek Barry
Published: August 2022

Introduction and objectives

This Swiss LithoClast® Trilogy lithotrite is a new lithotrite for percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). It has four modifiable settings; impact, frequency, ultrasound and suction. We aim to determine the optimal device settings for the fastest stone clearance.

Materials and methods

Kidney stone phantoms were made with Begostone in a powder to water ratio (15:3–15:6). Complete stone clearance (seconds) was calculated and impact and frequency were adjusted and repeated N = 3. Intra renal pressure (IRP) was then measured in a porcine kidney model.

Results

Stone phantoms with physical properties similar to struvite were cleared best with 100% impact and frequency of 12 Hz. Both uric acid stone phantoms and calcium phosphate stone phantoms were cleared most efficiently with an impact of 30% and a frequency of 4 Hz. The mean time to clear uric acid stone phantoms was 83 s versus 217 s for calcium phosphate stone phantoms. Similarly, for calcium oxalate stone phantoms, an impact of 30% and a frequency of 4 Hz was associated with the fastest clearance time, mean 204 s. However, the differences between 4, 8 and 12 Hz were not statistically significant. At a suction level of 60% or higher, IRP became negative.

Conclusion

These results indicate that stone phantoms of hard kidney stones are cleared more efficiently at lower impact and frequency settings. With regard to suction, a setting of ≤ 50% appears to be the optimal setting.
Influence of implantation of a total hip endoprosthesis on the ipsilateral leg alignment: the effect of sex and dysplasia of the hip
Authors: van Drongelen Stefan , Fey Benjamin , Stief Felix , Meurer Andrea
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Differences in leg and hip morphology exist between sexes and developmental hip dysplasia is known to alter proximal femoral morphology. The purpose of this study was to determine whether existing differences in leg alignment due to sex or developmental hip dysplasia have an effect on changes in leg alignment after total hip arthroplasty.

Materials and methods

30 hip osteoarthritis patients underwent biplanar full-length radiography in the standing position preoperatively and 3 months after total hip arthroplasty. Differences in leg alignment between men and women and between patients with primary hip osteoarthritis and patients with developmental dysplasia before and after surgery were tested using a general linear model for repeated measures.

Results

Implantation of a hip prosthesis had no differential effect on ipsilateral leg alignment in patients with hip osteoarthritis due to dysplasia and in patients with primary hip osteoarthritis. However, patients with hip osteoarthritis due to dysplasia had a 2.1° higher valgus both before and after surgery. After total hip arthroplasty, women had a significantly greater increase in varus angle (1.6° vs. 0°) and femoral offset (10.5 vs. 4.6 mm) compared with men. Because the change in acetabular offset was smaller (2.2 vs. 6.2 mm), the global femoral offset was only increased in women. Femoral torsion was constant for men (15.0° and 16.5°), whereas femoral torsion was significantly reduced in women (19.9° and 13.2°).

Conclusions

Hip arthroplasty has a greater effect on leg axis in women than in men. The axial leg alignment of women could change from a natural valgus to a varus alignment. Therefore, surgeons should consider the effects of total hip arthroplasty on leg alignment in patients with hip osteoarthritis. Whether these changes in leg alignment are also clinically relevant and lead to premature medial or lateral knee osteoarthritis should be investigated in future work.

Trial registration

This study was registered with DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register) under the number DRKS00015053. Registered 1st of August 2018.
Needs assessment for patient-centered education and outcome metrics in robotic surgery
Authors: Moore Hope Nicole , de Paula Thais Reif , Keller Deborah S.
Published: August 2022

Background

From clinical experience, many patients undergoing robotic assisted surgery (RAS) have a poor understanding of the technology. To ensure informed consent and appropriate expectations, a needs assessment for patient-centered education and outcome metrics in RAS is warranted. Our goal was to perform an assessment of patient understanding, comfort with robotic technology, and ability to obtain critical information from their surgeon when undergoing RAS.

Methods

Twenty patients planned for RAS by three surgeons were asked to complete a six-item Likert agreement scale survey prior to signing informed consent. The study coordinator administered surveys, while the surgeon left the room. Indicator statements were crafted to reduce bias and two-way evaluated for consistency. The surgeons were additionally asked their perception of each patient’s understanding and comfort with RAS. Frequency statistics and tendencies were analyzed.

Results

Surgeons strongly agreed all patients appropriately understood how RAS functioned and would ask more questions before signing consent, if needed. Patients were predominately not familiar with RAS and felt surgeons did not explain how RAS worked. There was wide variability on if patients understood how RAS worked for their treatment. Overall, patients were not completely comfortable with RAS for their care, did not understand the risks of RAS compared to other approaches, and did not feel their surgeon understood what they needed to know to make informed decisions.

Conclusions

This needs assessment demonstrated critical gaps in patient knowledge about RAS, surgeon communication skills, and the ability of surgeons to know what was important from the patient perspective. The development of RAS patient-centered education and outcome metrics could help address these gaps.
The Birkhead and Murta formations—organic geochemistry and organic petrography of Mesozoic fluvio-lacustrine source rocks in the Eromanga Basin, central Australia
Authors: Röth J. , Baniasad A. , Froidl F. , Ostlender J. , Boreham C. , Hall L. , Littke R.
Published: August 2022

Due to a historic focus on the underlying Cooper Basin and a growing demand for energy in Australia, a reassessment of the Eromanga Basin in central and eastern Australia is necessary, including a more detailed characterization of its Jurassic-Cretaceous petroleum system elements. The Jurassic Birkhead Formation and the Cretaceous Murta Formation are considered the most important source rocks of the Eromanga Basin. To study the petroleum generation potential of these two formations, a set of 55 rock cores from eight petroleum exploration wells was analysed. The sample set was subject to multiple-organic geochemical and petrographical analyses to evaluate organic richness, hydrocarbon potential (Rock–Eval S1 and S2), maceral composition, thermal maturity (e.g. vitrinite reflectance), and saturated and aromatic biomarker composition. The investigated fluvio-lacustrine siltstones and carbonaceous shales exhibit low to excellent total organic carbon (TOC) content, very low sulphur and low inorganic carbon content. Thermal maturity of both formations is at the onset of the oil window (immature to early mature). The Cretaceous Murta Formation shows good hydrocarbon generation potential and, in part, high production indices, while the Jurassic Birkhead Formation generally shows low kerogen to bitumen conversion and a good to very good hydrocarbon generation potential. Dispersed, rather coarse organic matter of terrigenous origin in fine-grained siliciclastic matrix with well-preserved plant remnants including “cutinite flames” is typical. Liptinite (mainly lamalginite) content is generally higher in the Murta Formation (including the occurrence of Botryococcus green algae), while vitrinite is clearly dominant in the Birkhead Formation. The Birkhead solvent extracts exhibit a more heterogeneous distribution of n-alkanes with distinct maxima in the long-chain range, whereas shorter-chain n-alkanes dominate the Murta extracts. Based on their quality and quantity of incorporated organic matter as well as thermal maturity, the petroleum generation potential of the Murta and Birkhead formations is discussed in detail.
Synthesis and analytical characterization of N-methylated derivatives of α-tocopheramine and their oxidation products
Authors: Patel Anjan , Rosenau Thomas
Published: August 2022

N-Methylated derivatives of α-tocopheramine, which have preliminarily been shown to have good performance as stabilizers of cellulose solutions in ionic liquids for production of cellulosic manmade fibers, have not been accessible in sufficient amounts by green syntheses. In this study, theN-methyl-,N,N-dimethyl-, andN,N,N-trimethylammonium derivatives of α-tocopheramine were synthesized and fully analytically characterized. The procedures used dimethyl carbonate as solvent and methylating agent as well as aluminum oxide as the reusable catalyst. Care was taken to ensure that the procedures conformed to green chemistry principles and were easily upscalable.

Graphical abstract
Pseudospectral Shattering, the Sign Function, and Diagonalization in Nearly Matrix Multiplication Time
Authors: Banks Jess , Garza-Vargas Jorge , Kulkarni Archit , Srivastava Nikhil
Published: August 2022

We exhibit a randomized algorithm which, given a square matrix $$A\in \mathbb {C}^{n\times n}$$

A
∈

C

n
×
n

with $$\Vert A\Vert \le 1$$

‖
A
‖
≤
1

and $$\delta >0$$

δ
>
0

, computes with high probability an invertible V and diagonal D such that $$ \Vert A-VDV^{-1}\Vert \le \delta $$

‖
A
-
V
D

V

-
1

‖
≤
δ

using $$O(T_\mathsf {MM}(n)\log ^2(n/\delta ))$$

O
(

T
MM

(
n
)

log
2

(
n
/
δ
)

)

arithmetic operations, in finite arithmetic with $$O(\log ^4(n/\delta )\log n)$$

O
(

log
4

(
n
/
δ
)

log
n
)

bits of precision. The computed similarity V additionally satisfies $$\Vert V\Vert \Vert V^{-1}\Vert \le O(n^{2.5}/\delta )$$

‖
V
‖
‖

V

-
1

‖
≤
O

(

n

2.5

/
δ
)

. Here $$T_\mathsf {MM}(n)$$

T
MM

(
n
)

is the number of arithmetic operations required to multiply two $$n\times n$$

n
×
n

complex matrices numerically stably, known to satisfy $$T_\mathsf {MM}(n)=O(n^{\omega +\eta })$$

T
MM

(
n
)

=
O

(

n

ω
+
η

)

for every $$\eta >0$$

η
>
0

where $$\omega $$
ω
is the exponent of matrix multiplication (Demmel et al. in Numer Math 108(1):59–91, 2007). The algorithm is a variant of the spectral bisection algorithm in numerical linear algebra (Beavers Jr. and Denman in Numer Math 21(1-2):143–169, 1974) with a crucial Gaussian perturbation preprocessing step. Our result significantly improves the previously best-known provable running times of $$O(n^{10}/\delta ^2)$$

O
(

n
10

/

δ
2

)

arithmetic operations for diagonalization of general matrices (Armentano et al. in J Eur Math Soc 20(6):1375–1437, 2018) and (with regard to the dependence on n) $$O(n^3)$$

O
(

n
3

)

arithmetic operations for Hermitian matrices (Dekker and Traub in Linear Algebra Appl 4:137–154, 1971). It is the first algorithm to achieve nearly matrix multiplication time for diagonalization in any model of computation (real arithmetic, rational arithmetic, or finite arithmetic), thereby matching the complexity of other dense linear algebra operations such as inversion and QR factorization up to polylogarithmic factors. The proof rests on two new ingredients. (1) We show that adding a small complex Gaussian perturbation to any matrix splits its pseudospectrum into n small well-separated components. In particular, this implies that the eigenvalues of the perturbed matrix have a large minimum gap, a property of independent interest in random matrix theory. (2) We give a rigorous analysis of Roberts’ Newton iteration method (Roberts in Int J Control 32(4):677–687, 1980) for computing the sign function of a matrix in finite arithmetic, itself an open problem in numerical analysis since at least 1986.
Detecting non-natural language artifacts for de-noising bug reports
Authors: Hirsch Thomas , Hofer Birgit
Published: August 2022

Textual documents produced in the software engineering process are a popular target for natural language processing (NLP) and information retrieval (IR) approaches. However, issue tickets often contain artifacts such as code snippets, log outputs and stack traces. These artifacts not only inflate the issue ticket sizes, but also can this noise constitute a real problem for some NLP approaches, and therefore has to be removed in the pre-processing of some approaches. In this paper, we present a machine learning based approach to classify textual content into natural language and non-natural language artifacts at line level. We show how data from GitHub issue trackers can be used for automated training set generation, and present a custom preprocessing approach for the task of artifact removal. The training sets are automatically created from Markdown annotated issue tickets and project documentation files. We use these generated training sets to train a Markdown agnostic model that is able to classify un-annotated content. We evaluate our approach on issue tickets from projects written in C++, Java, JavaScript, PHP, and Python. Our approach achieves ROC-AUC scores between 0.92 and 0.96 for language-specific models. A multi-language model trained on the issue tickets of all languages achieves ROC-AUC scores between 0.92 and 0.95. The provided models are intended to be used as noise reduction pre-processing steps for NLP and IR approaches working on issue tickets.
Classification and evaluation of educational apps for early childhood: Security matters
Authors: Vaiopoulou Julie , Papadakis Stamatios , Sifaki Eirini , Kalogiannakis Michail , Stamovlasis Dimitrios
Published: August 2022

This study explored certain popular educational apps’ vital characteristics and potential profiles (n1 = 50) for kindergarten kids. The profile analysis involved a categorization ascended from an evaluation process conducted by pre-service early childhood teachers’ (n2 = 295) at the University of Crete, Greece, using a new instrument, validated in the present research, the ETEA-2 scale. The categorization criteria were the five dimensions of the ETEA-2: Learning, Suitability, Usability, Security, and Parental Control. The classification based on Latent Class Analysis led to three apps' profiles: Cluster/profile 1 includes apps that have high values in Learning, Usability, Suitability, and medium Parental Control and Security; Cluster/Profile 2 includes apps with medium Learning, Usability, Suitability, but low Parental Control and High Security; Cluster/Profile 3 includes apps with medium Learning, Usability, Suitability, but low Parental Control and low Security. This profile scheme is an indicative categorization summarizing the crucial features that popular apps possess and can help parents and/or educators’ decision-making on choosing the desirable application for their kids. Moreover, from an independent evaluation of these specific fifty apps sought on the internet, the members of Cluster2/Profile 2 were the most popular and preferable, as suggested by the number of downloads. This profile is distinguished for the security dimension.
Fostering pre-service primary school teachers’ ability to recognize differences in pupils’ understanding of technical systems
Authors: Wammes Dannie , Slof Bert , Schot Willemijn , Kester Liesbeth
Published: August 2022

Pupils benefit from adaptive instruction and feedback from their teachers. A prerequisite for providing adaptive instruction is that teachers’ diagnostic ability enables them to correctly perceive their pupils’ skill level. A short course has been developed to improve primary school teachers’ diagnostic ability for engineering. Based on Nickerson’s anchoring and adjustment model, the participants became aware of the differences their own and pupils’ use of information when constructing technical systems. The Fischer scale was used as a model to understand and identify pupils’ development in using such information. The participants were given examples of pupils’ reconstructions of technical systems. They were asked to evaluate these work products in four ways: relative and absolute, combined with intuitive and explicit. The results reveal that relative and absolute diagnoses can differ considerably for the same teacher and between teachers, depending on whether they are implicit or explicit. Post-test results show that the course improved the ability to explain the differences between pupils’ use of information to construct a technical system. The course also had a strong, significant, positive impact on teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs about technology education.
Impact of convolutional neural network and FastText embedding on text classification
Authors: Umer Muhammad , Imtiaz Zainab , Ahmad Muhammad , Nappi Michele , Medaglia Carlo , Choi Gyu Sang , Mehmood Arif
Published: August 2022

Efficient word representation techniques (word embeddings) with modern machine learning models have shown reasonable improvement on automatic text classification tasks. However, the effectiveness of such techniques has not been evaluated yet in terms of insufficient word vector representation for training. Convolutional Neural Network has achieved significant results in pattern recognition, image analysis, and text classification. This study investigates the application of the CNN model on text classification problems by experimentation and analysis. We trained our classification model with a prominent word embedding generation model, Fast Text on publically available datasets, six benchmark datasets including Ag News, Amazon Full and Polarity, Yahoo Question Answer, Yelp Full, and Polarity. Furthermore, the proposed model has been tested on the Twitter US airlines non-benchmark dataset as well. The analysis indicates that using Fast Text as word embedding is a very promising approach.
Severe Housing Deprivation in the European Union: a Joint Analysis of Measurement and Theory
Authors: Hick Rod , Pomati Marco , Stephens Mark
Published: August 2022

Concerns about the quality of housing feature prominently in academic and policy discussion on housing, yet there is little agreement about how housing deprivation should be measured or monitored. In empirical studies, measures of housing deprivation are typically examined for one of two purposes—either to compare incidences of housing quality problems for different groups, which typically leads to an examination of performance of different measures of housing deprivation, or as dependent variables to examine competing theories about what explains cross-national variation in such problems, which typically ignores these measurement considerations. Our paper seeks to analyse measurement and theory jointly, focussing in particular on the EU’s severe housing deprivation measure, and its subcomponents—overcrowding and housing conditions problems. In descriptive analysis, we show that the two components of the severe housing deprivation measure are weakly related and pattern differently across nations and that the aggregation rule of the main measure has a substantial influence on observed incidences of this problem. We subsequently construct multi-level regression-based models and demonstrate that the two components have quite different determinants. Our paper has implications for the measurement of severe housing deprivation in Europe, for theories that seek to account for differences in housing outcomes, and for policy that seeks to tackle housing deprivation problems.
Cysteine Cathepsins in Breast Cancer: Promising Targets for Fluorescence-Guided Surgery
Authors: Linders Daan G. J. , Bijlstra Okker D. , Fallert Laura C. , Hilling Denise E. , Walker Ethan , Straight Brian , March Taryn L. , Valentijn A. Rob P. M. , Pool Martin , Burggraaf Jacobus , Basilion James P. , Vahrmeijer Alexander L. , Kuppen Peter J. K.
Published: August 2022

The majority of breast cancer patients is treated with breast-conserving surgery (BCS) combined with adjuvant radiation therapy. Up to 40% of patients has a tumor-positive resection margin after BCS, which necessitates re-resection or additional boost radiation. Cathepsin-targeted near-infrared fluorescence imaging during BCS could be used to detect residual cancer in the surgical cavity and guide additional resection, thereby preventing tumor-positive resection margins and associated mutilating treatments. The cysteine cathepsins are a family of proteases that play a major role in normal cellular physiology and neoplastic transformation. In breast cancer, the increased enzymatic activity and aberrant localization of many of the cysteine cathepsins drive tumor progression, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The upregulation of cysteine cathepsins in breast cancer cells indicates their potential as a target for intraoperative fluorescence imaging. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge on the role and expression of the most important cysteine cathepsins in breast cancer to better understand their potential as a target for fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS). In addition, it gives an overview of the cathepsin-targeted fluorescent probes that have been investigated preclinically and in breast cancer patients. The current review underscores that cysteine cathepsins are highly suitable molecular targets for FGS because of favorable expression and activity patterns in virtually all breast cancer subtypes. This is confirmed by cathepsin-targeted fluorescent probes that have been shown to facilitate in vivo breast cancer visualization and tumor resection in mouse models and breast cancer patients. These findings indicate that cathepsin-targeted FGS has potential to improve treatment outcomes in breast cancer patients.
Heidegger’s Unlikely Alliance with Locke in Identifying Truth and Knowledge
Authors: Knowles Atina
Published: August 2022

The paper examines Heidegger's notions of truth and knowledge in the context of Locke's theory of same. It argues that when Heidegger's expositions of "primordial truth" and knowledge as a "retainment of assertion" are analyzed in their Beings, new and improved definitions emerge which support Locke's ideas of truth and knowledge. It shows that Heidegger's primordial truth is the process which uncovers Locke's propositional truth and on which any knowledge must be based. Wherefrom, to solve the problem of what knowledge is and how one defines it, one must start with Heidegger's conceptions of truth and knowledge.
Drink for drink: measurement of preloading motivations for field and survey research with correlates of alcohol related harms
Authors: Sorbello Jacob G. , Devilly Grant J.
Published: August 2022

Field researchers often use categorical systems to record primary preloading motivations, while survey researchers use continuous systems to examine preloading motivation ratings. We tested the psychometric properties of the two systems for measuring preloading motivations. Six hundred and eight-one undergraduate students and social media recruited participants (178 males; 503 females) completed an online survey pertaining to their last preloading experience. We measured preloading motivations by the categorical and continuous systems, general drinking motivations, estimations of preloaded standard drinks and harm. Measurements of preloading motivations by categorical (primary motivation) and continuous systems (motivation ratings) were concordant. The continuous system of preloading motivations held mix concurrence with general drinking motivations, implying conceptual differences between the two constructs. ‘Enhancement-based’ preloading motivations had strong relationships with estimations of preloaded standard drinks, while general drinking motivations for ‘coping’ were strong correlates of harm. Preloading motivations can be measured through either categorical or continuous systems. Implications for future psychometric measurement development is discussed.
On the Dirac Spectrum of Homogeneous 3-Spheres
Authors: Kling Jordi , Schueth Dorothee
Published: August 2022

We show that any two left-invariant metrics on $$S^3\cong {{\text {SU}}}(2)$$

S
3

≅
SU

(
2
)

which are isospectral for the associated classical Dirac operator D must be isometric. In the case of left-invariant metrics of positive scalar curvature, we compute and use the smallest eigenvalue of $$D^2$$

D
2

. We show analogous results for left-invariant metrics on $${{\text {SO}}}(3)=S^3/\{\pm 1\}$$

SO

(
3
)

=

S
3

/

{
±
1
}

for each of its two spin structures.
The position of renal denervation in treatment of hypertension: an expert consensus statement
Authors: Zeijen V. J. M. , Kroon A. A. , van den Born B. H. , Blankestijn P. J. , Meijvis S. C. A. , Nap A. , Lipsic E. , Elvan A. , Versmissen J. , van Geuns R. J. , Voskuil M. , Tonino P. A. L. , Spiering W. , Deinum J. , Daemen J.
Published: August 2022

Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In the Netherlands, there are approximately 2.8 million people with hypertension. Despite treatment recommendations including lifestyle changes and antihypertensive drugs, most patients do not meet guideline-recommended blood pressure (BP) targets. In order to improve BP control and lower the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events, renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) has been introduced and studied as a non-pharmacological approach. While early data on the efficacy of RDN showed conflicting results, improvements in treatment protocols and study design resulted in robust new evidence supporting the potential of the technology to improve patient care in hypertensive subjects. Recently, 5 randomised sham-controlled trials demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the technology. Modelling studies have further shown that RDN is cost-effective in the Dutch healthcare setting. Given the undisputable disease burden along with the shortcomings of current therapeutic options, we postulate a new, clearly framed indication for RDN as an adjunct in the treatment of hypertension. The present consensus statement summarises current guideline-recommended BP targets, proposed workup and treatment for hypertension, and position of RDN for those patients with primary hypertension who do not meet guideline-recommended BP targets (see central illustration).
Manual Placenta Removal is Associated with Increased Postpartum Prescriptions of Antibiotics: a Retrospective Cohort Study of Data from the Anti-Infection Tool
Authors: Janson Amanda , Ignell Claes , Stuart Andrea
Published: August 2022

Purpose

No consensus exists whether to administer prophylactic antibiotics in conjunction with manual placenta removal. This study aimed to investigate the postpartum risk of a new prescription of antibiotic treatment, a possible indirect variable for infection, after manual placenta removal.

Methods

Obstetric data were merged with data from the Anti-Infection Tool (Swedish antibiotic registry). All vaginal deliveries (n = 13 877) at Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden, from January 1st, 2014 until June 13th, 2019 were included. Diagnosis codes for infection can be lacking, while the Anti-Infection Tool is complete as it is unavoidable in the computerized prescription system. Logistic regression analyses were performed. The risk of a prescription of antibiotics 24 h to 7 days postpartum was analyzed in the entire study population, and in a subgroup of women not having received any antibiotics 48 h prior to delivery until 24 h after delivery, referred to as “antibiotic-naïve.”

Results

Manual placenta removal was associated with an increased risk of an antibiotic prescription, adjusted (a) OR = 2.9 (95%CI 1.9–4.3). In the antibiotic-naïve subgroup, manual placenta removal was associated with an increased risk of antibiotic prescription, in general, aOR = 2.2 (95%CI 1.2–4.0), endometritis-specific antibiotics, aOR = 2.7 (95%CI 1.5–4.9), and intravenous antibiotics, aOR = 4.0 (95%CI 2.0–7.9).

Conclusion

Manual placenta removal is associated with an increased risk of antibiotic treatment postpartum. An antibiotic-naïve population might benefit from prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection, and prospective studies are needed.
Surgical pathology of adenocarcinomas arising around or within the gastroesophageal junction
Authors: Dislich Bastian , Kröll Dino , Langer Rupert
Published: August 2022

Classification of adenocarcinomas (AC) arising around or within the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is hampered by major morphologic and phenotypic overlaps. We reviewed the surgical pathology of esophagectomy specimens of 115 primary resected AC of the esophagus as defined by the 5th edition of the WHO classification regarding the anatomical site of the tumor, with corresponding categorization according to the Siewert AEG Classification and the preceding 4th edition of the WHO (discriminating esophageal adenocarcinomas/EAC and adenocarcinomas of the gastroesophageal junction/AdGEJ), and further histology findings. In addition, immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CDX2, CK7, CK20, MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC6 was performed. Sixty-eight cases were Siewert AEG type I and 47 cases Siewert AEG type II. Out of the AEG I tumors, 26 were classified as AdGEJ. Regardless of the classification system, more proximally located tumors showed less aggressive behavior with lower rates of lymph node metastases, lymphatic, venous and perineural invasion, better histological differentiation (p < 0.05 each) and were more frequently associated with pre-neoplastic Barrett’s mucosa (p < 0.001). Histologically, the tumors displayed intestinal morphology in the majority of cases. IHC showed non-conclusive patterns with a frequent CK7+/CK20+ immunophenotype in all tumors, but also a gastric MUC5AC+ and MUC6+ phenotype in some proximal tumors. In conclusion, histology of the tumors and IHC failed to distinguish reliably between more proximal and more distal tumors. The presence of Barrett’s mucosa rather than location alone, however, may help to further differentiating adenocarcinomas arising in this region and may be indicative for a particular biologic type.
“Cooperation with a peer in practicum is nice but teaching alone makes me feel I am teaching for real.” How pre-primary and primary student teachers experience single and paired field placements
Authors: Hascher Tina , Do Minh-Ly , de Zordo Lea
Published: August 2022

As part of the reform of teacher education, field placements for student teachers have been expanded and new forms such as paired field placements implemented into standard programmes. For many years, the single field placement has been the standard model for student teachers, but various forms of paired internships have been introduced. However, little is known about the processes of cooperative learning during field placements and how student teachers benefit from different forms of field placement, such as single versus paired field placements.

This qualitative study aims at a deeper understanding of student teachers’ learning in single and paired field placements from student teachers’ perspective. Theoretically, our study is based on the offer-and-use model in field experiences combined with the autonomy-parity pattern. Student teachers (N = 20) from the University of Teacher Education in Bern, Switzerland, were interviewed in depth about their learning gains after completing four paired field placements and one single field placement. Results showed that although student teachers appreciate the work and exchange with a peer, the majority of student teachers prefer single field placements. The desire for autonomy and the ability to work flexibly in single field placements seemed to outweigh the advantages of paired field placements. The majority of students considered single field placements to be closer to reality. The results encourage future discussion and research about student teachers’ attitudes towards field placements and the teaching profession.
High-performance Ta-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 garnet oxides with AlN additive
Authors: Zhang Chang , Hu Xiangchen , Nie Zhiwei , Wu Cong , Zheng Nan , Chen Shaojie , Yang Yihang , Wei Ran , Yu Jiameng , Yang Nan , Yu Yi , Liu Wei
Published: August 2022

Garnet-type oxide is one of the most promising solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) for solid-state lithium-metal batteries (SSLMBs). However, the Li dendrite formation in garnet oxides obstructs the further development of the SSLMBs seriously. Here, we report a high-performance garnet oxide by using AlN as a sintering additive and Li as an anode interface layer. AlN with high thermal conductivity can promote the sintering activity of the garnet oxides, resulting in larger particle size and higher relative density. Moreover, Li3N with high ionic conductivity formed at grain boundaries and interface can also improve Li-ion transport kinetics. As a result, the garnet oxide electrolytes with AlN show enhanced thermal conductivity, improved ionic conductivity, reduced electronic conductivity, and increased critical current density (CCD), compared with the counterpart using Al2O3 sintering aid. In addition, Li symmetric cells and Li∣LiFePO4 (Li∣LFP) half cells using the garnet electrolyte with the AlN additive exhibit good electrochemical performances. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for high-performance SSEs.
Origin of Excellent Charge Storage Properties of Defective Tin Disulphide in Magnesium/Lithium-Ion Hybrid Batteries
Authors: Fan Xin , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Wu Yilan , Gaddam Rohit Ranganathan , Zhao Xiu Song
Published: August 2022

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are excellent electrochemical energy sources, albeit with existing challenges, including high costs and safety concerns. Magnesium-ion batteries (MIBs) are one of the potential alternatives. However, the performance of MIBs is poor due to their sluggish solid-state Mg2+ diffusion kinetics and severe electrode polarizability. Rechargeable magnesium-ion/lithium-ion (Mg2+/Li+) hybrid batteries (MLHBs) with Mg2+ and Li+ as the charge carriers create a synergy between LIBs and MIBs with significantly improved charge transport kinetics and reliable safety features. However, MLHBs are yet to reach a reasonable electrochemical performance as expected. This work reports a composite electrode material with highly defective two-dimensional (2D) tin sulphide nanosheets (SnSx) encapsulated in three-dimensional (3D) holey graphene foams (HGF) (SnSx/HGF), which exhibits a specific capacity as high as 600 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and a compelling specific energy density of ~ 330 Wh kg−1. The excellent electrochemical performance surpasses previously reported hybrid battery systems based on intercalation-type cathode materials under comparable conditions. The role played by the defects in the SnSx/HGF composite is studied to understand the origin of the observed excellent electrochemical performance. It is found that it is closely related to the defect structure in SnSx, which offers percolation pathways for efficient ion transport and increased internal surface area assessable to the charge carriers. The defective sites also absorb structural stress caused by Mg2+ and Li+ insertion. This work is an important step towards realizing high-capacity cathode materials with fast charge transport kinetics for hybrid batteries.