bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does price-cap regulation work for increasing access to contraceptives? Aggregate- and pharmacy-level evidence from Colombia
Authors: Andia Tatiana , Mantilla Cesar , Morales Alvaro , Ortiz Santiago , Rodriguez-Lesmes Paul
Published: October 2020

Background: Price caps through international reference pricing are widely used around the World, but not so commonly in over-the-counter markets (OTC). We study this type of regulation for the case of oral contraceptives in Colombia, which is a de facto OTC market. Objectives: We aim to establish whether the regulation triggered a competitive response within and across product categories (active pharmaceutical ingredients).We also study whether regulated products targeted to customers from high socio-economic status are now distributed in pharmacies from low socio-economic neighborhoods.Methods: First, we use a fixed effects linear panel model to estimate the change in prices and quantities associated with the new regulation for regulated and non-regulated products using administrative data at the wholesale level, according to three price tiers. Second, we conducted an audit study with 213 community pharmacies in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. We visited pharmacies twice, before and after the introduction of the price cap, collecting information on prices and availability of six selected brands. Findings: The wholesale-level analysis reveals a price reduction in regulated and non-regulated products with a regulated active ingredient. Traded quantities increase for the same product types, but only for those in the most expensive categories. Besides, the traded quantities of non-regulated products decrease.However, the traded quantities of non-regulated products in the Top, Intermediate, and Bottom price categories decreased. Although this price reduction is also transmitted to community pharmacies, the availability of the high-end and mid-range contraceptives included in our audit study decreases as well. We provide suggestive evidence that reduction in the availability of was larger in areas of low socio-economic status.Conclusions: Price cap regulations that might look as effective in lowering prices and expanding access at the aggregate level could conceal stocking patterns that negatively affect the product availability for the final consumer.
Transportation Equity
Authors: Pereira Rafael H. M. , Karner Alex
Published: October 2020

Transportation equity is a way to frame distributive justice concerns in relation to how social, economic, and government institutions shape the distribution of transportation benefits and burdens in society. It focuses on the evaluative standards used to judge the differential impacts of policies and plans, asking who benefits from and is burdened by them and to what extent. Questions of transportation equity involve both sufficientarian and egalitarian concerns with both absolute levels of wellbeing, transport-related poverty and social exclusion as well as with relative levels of transport-related inequalities. Ultimately, the study of transport equity explores the multiple channels through which transport and land use policies can create conditions for more inclusive cities and transport systems that allow different people to flourish, to satisfy their basic needs and lead a meaningful life. Transportation equity issues broadly encompass how policy decisions shape societal levels of environmental externalities and what groups are more or less exposed to them, as well as how those decisions affect the lives of different groups in terms of their ability to access life-enhancing opportunities such as employment, healthcare and education. Equity is a crucial part of a broader concern with transport and mobility justice. The call for transport justice goes beyond distributive concerns, and yet justice cannot be achieved without equity.
Pembelajaran Keterampilan Berbicara di Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ummah Nur Azimatul , Ghufron Syamsul , Kasiyun Suharmono , Rahayu Dewi Widiana
Published: October 2020

Abstrak - Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara siswa di kelas IV sekolah dasar. Adapun tujuan khusus penelitian ini diperinci dalam tiga hal yakni: (1) mendeskripsikan keterampilan berbicara siswa, (2) mendeskripsikan hambatan dalam keterampilan berbicara, dan (3) solusi guru. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berupa tes kinerja (performance assessment) dan wawancara. Sumber data diambil dari siswa dan guru kelas IV B di SDN Keboansikep 01 Gedangan Sidoarjo. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini berupa tabel distribusi frekuensi dan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterampilan berbicara siswa kelas IV B di SDN Keboansikep 01 Gedangan Sidoarjo masih tergolong rendah. Berdasarkan hasil tes menunjukkan bahwa 76% siswa tidak memenuhi batas KKM (skor 75). Adapun hambatan siswa dalam keterampilan berbicara yakni, (1) sulitnya siswa dalam mengeluarkan ide, (2) sulitnya siswa dalam memilih kata, dan (3) kurangnya percaya diri siswa. Solusi yang diberikan guru dalam mengatasi hambatan yang dialami siswa meliputi (1) memberikan motivasi kepada siswa, (2) membuat pembelajaran kreatif dan inovatif, dan (3) memberikan reward kepada siswa.
Violation of the transplantation procedure: issues of improvement of criminal legislation of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Kovalchuk Aleksey , Dukhovnik Yuriy
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the study of the peculiarities of criminal law norms enshrined in Art. 164 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus further and the formulation on this basis of ways to improve them. Transplantation is an important area of medical activity, which allows overcoming serious human diseases. Сriminal law norms play an important preventive role to minimize violations in the field of organ and tissue transplantation. In the Republic of Belarus, Article 164 of the Criminal Code establishes liability for violation of the procedure for transplantation. The analysis of the signs of this crime allowed to determine their problematic aspects. The authors conducted the research of this crime, based on the signs of Corpus delicti. Based on law enforcement practice and various scientific views of scientists, the ways of improving the criminal legislation of the Republic of Belarus, which establishes liability in the field of violation of the transplantation procedure, are proposed. The authors' proposals to amend article 164 of the Criminal Code of Belarus pursue the aim to overcome situations of legal uncertainty and to prevent errors in law enforcement practice. So, as a result of the research, it is proposed to amend the title of article 164 of the Criminal Code of Belarus and its disposition. The objective aspect of crime and the subject of the crime as signs of corpus delicti are pro-posed to change. During the research, the differences between the criminal and blanket legislation to which he refers were established, in connection with which, ways to overcome them are proposed.
Consequences of sexual violence: criminological dimension
Authors: Medytskyy Ihor
Published: October 2020

The article substantiates the need to activate criminological knowledge of the fundamental problem of the consequences of crime. The consequences of sexual violence, their parameters, levels of manifestation, the addressees of causation, the «price» and other points are of theoretical as well as practical interest. It is suggested that the material consequences of sexual violence be considered as various forms of causing physical violence, materialized in the consequences: death, violation of the anatomical integrity and physiological function of organs and tissues of the person; as well as economic losses related to the temporary or permanent withdrawal of a person from the sphere of social relations and the response of state or public institutions to a crime. Formulated author's definition of intangible consequences of crime as generated by crime for the individual, society, state of consequences of undeclared nature, forms of manifestation of which cause mental (moral) harm to individuals, as well as non-pecuniary damage to legal entities of the public and private society. At the individual level, the non-material consequences of sexual violence are post-traumatic and mental disorders of victims of crimes by individuals. On the basis of the provisions of criminological science, legal psychology, medicine, the material and intangible consequences of sexual violence were analyzed, taking into account the criminal statistics. It is emphasized that obtaining objective and up-to-date data on criminal practices of sexual violence in Ukraine is a paramount condition for the formation of an information base for the socio-legal assessment of the relevance of combating this type of crime. Despite the incompleteness and inconsistency of official statistics data, the high latency of detecting and fixing post-traumatic and mental disorders of sexually abused victims, the lack of effective algorithms for calculating their «price», collecting this criminologically relevant information, and facilitating the development of action.
Relations of crimes of different gravity degree in the Criminal code of Ukraine
Authors: Skok Oleksandra , Shylo Inna
Published: October 2020

The article deals with the classification of criminal offenses in the current Criminal Code of Ukraine. All the crimes, the responsibility for which are established in the Special part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, are analyzed and on the basis of this detailed description of crimes of small gravity, crimes of moderate gravity, serious and especially serious crimes is carried out. According to Art. 12 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, depending on the severity of the crimes are divided into crimes of small severity, moderate, serious and especially serious. The legislative classification of crimes was made taking into account the type of punishment (fine and imprisonment), as well as the amount of punishment. This is the norm of the current Criminal Code acquired in accordance with the Law «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on the Humanization of Liability for Offenses in the Field of Economic Activity» of November 15, 2011 No. 4025-VI. The percentage of different categories of crimes has been analyzed and the impact of the severity of crimes on some criminal liability issues has been determined. A study of the ratio of minor crimes to other categories of crimes showed that minor crimes constitute a fairly significant category of crimes, compared to others, namely 24.9%. In the Special Part of the Criminal Code, there is a «sharp jump» from the category of minor crimes to the category of especially serious crimes, which is connected with the occurrence of especially grave consequences in the qualified criminal offenses.
Клініко-функціональна характеристика хворих на ішемічну хворобу серця з гострим коронарним синдромом та коронарним шунтуванням в анамнезі
Authors: Matiy V. V. , Rishko M. V. , Kutsin O. O.
Published: October 2020

The aim – to investigate the clinical and functional parameters features in acute coronary syndrome and coronary artery bypass grafting history patients.Materials and methods. 68 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were examined according to the current protocols, in 30 of them there was a history of coronary artery bypass grafting (ACS and CABG group) and 38 patients who didn’t undergo CABG (ACS without CABG group). Physical and laboratory-instrumental methods of investigation, including ECG, echocardiography, coronary ventriculography, coronary artery bypass graft angiography and methods of variation statistics were used in the work. Results and discussion. Among patients with ACS and CABG, a history of a higher incidence and duration of stable angina pectoris, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and multiple concomitant pathology had been found in comparison with the ACS without CABG group. History of ACS and CABG patients comprised a higher incidence of ACS without ST segment elevation in comparison with ACS without CABG group, repeated ACS, heart failure progression and those patients needed significantly longer stay in ICU than ACS without CABG group. Electrocardiograms of patients with ACS and CABG vs ACS without CABG group were characterized by a significantly higher incidence of pathological Q, atrial and ventricular fibrillation, as well as a combined disturbances of rhythm and conduction. Echocardiography revealed a significantly lower ejection fraction, increase in left atrium size and an E/A ratio in the ACS and CABG group, indicating worse heart failure compensation as well as systolic and diastolic dysfunction with dysfunctional of left ventricular than in ACS without CABG patients.Conclusions. Acute coronary syndrome with coronary artery bypass grafting history patients are characterized by a complicated history and clinical course with more significant electrocardiogram and echocardiography changes in comparison to the group of acute coronary syndrome patients without prior coronary artery bypass grafting history.
KÜLTÜREL MİRASI BELGELEYEREK ÖĞRENME: SOSYAL BİLGİLER ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ SAHA TECRÜBELERİ
Authors: DERE İlker
Published: October 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, kültürel miras ögeleriyle ilgili belgeseller hazırlayan sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının tecrübelerini değerlendirmektir. Bu araştırmada sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adaylarının deneyimleri ve bakış açılarını yorumlamak için nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim (fenomonoloji) deseni tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 27 sosyal bilgiler öğretmen adayından (17 kadın, 10 erkek) oluşmaktadır. Toplanan veriler, içerik analizi yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, adayların kültürel mirası daha çok somut ögeler olarak algıladıklarını göstermektedir. Ayrıca adayların kültürel mirasın en önemli işlevlerini; kültürün aktarımı, devamlılığı ve yaşatılması olarak gördükleri tespit edilmiştir. Bunun yanında kültürel mirasın önemli olduğunu düşünen adayların kültürel mirasın işlevlerini açıklarken kullandıkları ifadeler, kültürel mirasa ilişkin algılarının olumlu olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Son olarak belgeleyerek öğrenme sürecinin adaylara öğrenim gördükleri şehri yakından tanıma (kültür, yerel tarih, yemek, hikâye vb. unsurlar), tarihi bilgileri somutlaştırma, bazı teknolojik yeterlilikler kazanma ve okul dışı öğrenmenin potansiyelini keşfetme açısından çeşitli katkılar sunmuştur.
MEMBANGUN TOLERANSI DALAM MASYARAKAT MAJEMUK TELAAH PEMIKIRAN NURCHOLIS MADJID
Authors: Naim Ngainun
Published: October 2020

Philosophically, human can be called as dialogical creature. The way to apply dialogical consciousness among human being needs the seriousness. In a daily life, dialogical consciousness will give big impact to the human behavior. In this case, tolerance has an important position to create this condition. According to Nurcholish Madjid, tolerance in Islamic religion is something to be based. Unity of God becomes the main destination. Tolerance can develop well to the human being having understanding and openness. The application of tolerance will create strong civil society. It is also appropriate with the pluralism of Indonesian society.
Development of mathematics learning module based on mind-mapping on opportunity materials
Authors: Rukhmana Trisna , Wahyuni Loria
Published: October 2020

Based on the results of observations made at SMA N 5 Sungai Penuh known that in the mathematics learning process students do not understand the learning material well, the ability of students to develop material concepts and solve problems in the form of practice questions given by the teacher is still lacking, students are lacking of self-confidence to ask if there is material that has not been understood, students also cannot develop their thinking ideas creatively. This means that the ability to think creatively and critically of students has not developed optimally. The specific purpose of this research is to develop and produce teaching materials in the form of mind mapping-based modules for learning mathematics, which are valid, practical and effective and can increase students' motivation, activities and learning outcomes, especially in the material opportunities. This development research consists of four stages, namely; the define stage, the design stage, the develop stage and the disseminate stage. The validation results with the valid category indicated by an average value of 76%. The practicality results with the practical category are shown by an average value of 75.3%. Effectiveness results with the effective category in terms of the aspects of activity, student motivation, and from the aspect of achievement of learning outcomes.
Seoul Destination: A Mixed-methods Study of a Korean University
Authors: Stewart William H.
Published: October 2020

The number of international students studying in the Republic of Korea has increased tremendously over the last 20 years, marking a change in regional student mobility trends. While most international degree students tend to originate in countries in Asia, signifying regionalization versus internationalization, exchange students are diverse by nationality/ region. This concurrent nested mixed-methods study sought to investigate the pull factors of a Korean university among exchange students. 564 students completed an electronic questionnaire and through on campus interviews. Quantitative results suggested that exchange students found characteristics about Korea attractive (e.g., K-pop) as well as wanting international and/or cross-cultural experiences, to be the most appealing. 10 students participated in interviews, and findings showed that students became interested in Korea by exposure to popular media, as well as wanting a diverse, international study environment. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of university inbound program promotion/marketing and program design/development for short-term mobility, along with areas for future research.
Compensating for Family Disadvantage: An Analysis of the Effects of Boarding School on Chinese Students' Academic Achievement
Authors: Tan Minda , Bodovski Katerina
Published: October 2020

China implemented a policy to improve education equity through investing in boarding programs of public schools in rural and less-developed areas. However, this policy has not been informed by empirical research in the Chinese context. By using the nationally representative longitudinal data, this study investigates whether and to what extent boarding schools compensate for children's family disadvantages in terms of mathematics and reading achievement. The findings, drawn from multilevel logistic regression and hierarchical models, indicate that students from low-SES families or rural areas tend to board at schools. Boarding students performed better than day students in 8th-grade mathematics tests. Among students with essential needs, those residing at school during the week significantly benefitted in their school performance in both subjects. Overall, it appears that governmental investment in boarding programs can, to some extent, compensate for some family disadvantages.
Using Aggregated Mobility Data to Measure the Effect of COVID-19 Policies on Mobility Changes in Sydney, London, Phoenix, and Pune
Authors: Praharaj Sarbeswar , King David , Pettit Christopher , Wentz Elizabeth
Published: October 2020

To reduce the spread of COVID-19, governments across the world enacted various levels of “shelter-in-place” policies, leading to a notable reduction in urban mobility. To understand the relationship between policy implementation and mobility effects, we use Apple COVID-19 Mobility Trends Reports to assess how urban travel, by mode, changed in response to public policy. The data were used to statistically evaluate and visualize the changes in urban mobility patterns across four regions: Sydney, London, Phoenix, and Pune, which reflect the global nature of the pandemic and the local nature of policy responses. The results provide insights into how policies can receive a starkly varied response from communities across global regions.
Stability of Carotene and Phenols of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Juice with Pomace during Storage
Authors: Rentsendavaa Chagnaadorj , Székély Dóra , Furulyás Diána , Végvári György , Gonelimali Faraja , Kumar Pradeep , Stéger-Máté Mónika
Published: October 2020

Sea Buckthorn (SB) juice is rich in biologically active compounds. It has considerable health benefits; thus, it can serve as functional food ingredient. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the total content of polyphenols, antioxidant capacity (FRAP), soluble solid content, pH value, β-carotene content and colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) in berry juice of cultivar 'Leikora' Sea Buckthorn (SB) (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). The treatment was made as control sample of Sea Buckthorn juice (C), and Sea Buckthorn juice with 0.5 % (P0.5); 1 % (P1); 2 % (P2) dried pomace of Sea Buckthorn. The samples were stored at room temperature for physicochemical analysis at interval of 2 months for a total period of 14 months.According to our results, the β-carotene (C to P2 was 3.71, 4.82, 5.49 and 6.52 mg 100 mL−1) as well as the antioxidant capacity of the samples increased with the growth of the pomace content. During storage, degradation occurred in the polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity, but the β-carotene content increased. The increase of the β-carotene content was 94.6 % (C) and 32.7 % (P0.5). The smaller reduction in antioxidant compounds was the higher the sample of pomace content is. The FRAP and total polyphenol values measured during storage confirm that the pomace has antioxidant effect. There is a close correlation between the two parameters, including a positive correlation (r=0.8614), which indicates that a significant part of the antioxidant capacity of buckthorn is due to the presence of different polyphenols.
Bibliometric Analysis of Articles on Project Management Research
Authors: Abdi Khalife Mehrzad , Dunay Anna , Illés Csaba Bálint
Published: October 2020

Project management, as a subsidiary of social science, is a vast and varied topic of the area of knowledge. In the past decades, many studies have compiled an immense amount of information for theoreticians and practitioners in this field. In this paper, traditional and novel methods of bibliometric analysis are introduced through a survey for analyzing the history of research in project management. This study focuses on the last four decades of publications on project management, from 1980 to 2019. In the survey, the number of publications, the countries of publication, the cooperating relations among those countries, and the top categories of publications are analyzed. The extraction of publication keywords and the investigation of knowledge seeds are also presented. In the survey, the examination of the network of top occurring keywords, keyword clustering, together with the keyword correlation matrix, were used to explore the main trends in project management. A novel indicator, called the ICCO ranking, is presented by using the degree, betweenness and cluster coefficient of the network of keywords. Using this indicator, the potential knowledge seeds in project management may be identified.
Estilos de aprendizaje y variables sociodemográficas en estudiantes de educación superior. Estudio de caso
Authors: Aldás-Rovayo Víctor , Zambrano-Villalba Carmen , Gago-Galvagno Lucas G. , Pacheco Cristóbal
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCCIÓN. Cada individuo tiene rasgos cognitivos y fisiológicos que le permiten percibir e interactuar dentro de los procesos de aprendizaje. OBJETIVO. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los estilos de aprendizaje, en los estudiantes de la carrera de Educación Básica de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y de la Educación de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, durante el año 2018, además establecer la relación con variables demográficas. MÉTODO. Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo, con alcance descriptivo y empleando un estudio de caso. Se describieron las características relativas a los estilos de aprendizaje en una muestra de 198 universitarios (H = 68; M = 130) desde el primero hasta el séptimo semestre, con edades entre 18 y 46 años, (M= 21.90, DS = 3.28). RESULTADOS. Entre los resultados obtenidos se destacó el estilo de aprendizaje reflexivo como predominante en las actividades de aprendizaje. Por otro lado, no se encontraron diferencias en función del sexo, edad y nivel de formación. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIONES. Se concluye que no existe una relación significativa al nivel 0,05 con la manera de aprender propia de los estudiantes. Es fundamental destacar el papel que cumple el personal docente, como facilitador y mediador del conocimiento.
Стан рекреаційно-оздоровчих лісів Харківщини
Authors: Musienko S. I. , Bondarenko V. V. , Tarnopilska O. M. , Rumіantsev M. Н. , Kobets O. V. , Luk’yanets V. A.
Published: October 2020

За матеріалами повидільної бази даних ВО «Укрдержліспроект» станом на 01.01.2011 проведено аналіз стану рекреаційно-оздоровчих лісів, що перебувають у постійному користуванні підприємств Державного агентства лісових ресурсів України, в межах Харківської області. Виявлено, що ці ліси займають площу близько 140 тис. га (49 % від загальної площі лісів області), серед яких переважають ліси зелених зон навколо населених пунктів (90 %). Рекреаційно-оздоровчі ліси Харківщини є переважно листяними (73,5 %), серед яких переважають дубняки в умовах свіжого груду. Серед рекреаційно-оздоровчих лісів регіону домінують пристиглі та стиглі порослеві дубові насадження низької продуктивності, ефективність виконуваних ними рекреаційних функцій поступово знижується. У цих лісах потрібне проведення лісогосподарських заходів, зокрема лісовідновних рубок. Актуальною є також перспектива розширення породного складу рекреаційно-оздоровчих лісів для поліпшення їхніх санітарно-гігієнічних та естетичних властивостей.
Pine engraver beetle Ips acuminatus as a potential vector of Sphaeropsis sapinea
Authors: Davydenko K. V. , Baturkin D. O.
Published: October 2020

The pine engraver beetle Ips acuminatus Gyll. is a potential vector of the Sphaeropsis tip blight pathogen according to Leach’s postulates. The specimens of I. acuminatus were associated with numerous fungi species, namely Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & B. Sutton and ophiostomatoid species. The association between opportunistic pathogen S. sapinea and I. acuminatus has been confirmed for 62.9 % of all branches (44 % of needle samples and 82 % of wood samples). The presence of S. sapinea in the galleries and on the surface of the beetle indicates that I. acuminatus may transport the pathogen and later introduce it into healthy trees. The bark beetle can transfer pathogenic fungus during maturation feeding on the shoots of healthy pine crowns and into the branches during making galleries.
Вплив температури на перебіг мейозу у плюсових дерев сосни звичайної з мейотичними мутаціями та перебудовами хромосом у геномах
Authors: Mytrochenko V. V.
Published: October 2020

Досліджено вплив температури на прояв мейотичних мутацій (ds, ms43, ps + tps) та перебудов (інверсії, транслокації) в мікроспорогенезі плюсових дерев сосни звичайної. Дослідження проводили на клоновому архіві Старопетрівського лісництва ДП «Київська ЛНДС» у 2003 р. (середньодобова температура в період мейозу становила +15,8°С) та 2004 р. (+10,8°С). У фазі мейозу генеративна система більшості досліджених дерев вирізняється підвищеною чутливістю до температури навколишнього середовища. Встановлено, що експресія мутантних мей-генів ds, ps + tps зростає з підвищенням температури, а ms43 – від температурного режиму не залежить. У дерев з інверсіями частка мікроспороцитів із порушеннями збільшувалася у міру зростання температури, а з транслокацією – утворення тетравалентів відбувалося у разі зниження температури.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Barbers of Sylhet, Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Madhusudan , Alam Md Jahangir , Ahmed Mostak Uddin , Rahman Md Anisur , Chowdhury Malay Kumar Sur , Rahman Muhammd Oliur , Safwath Syed Alamgir
Published: October 2020

Introduction:This study was designed to see the knowledge, attitude and practice of barbers regarding transmission of hepatitis B, C and HIV viral infections.

Materials and Methods: Barbers from Sylhet were interviewed with a predesigned questionnaire. Positive answers for blood transfusion, syringe sharing, use of contaminated shaving instruments and unsafe sex as way of transmission were taken as correct. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 version.

Result: Total 403 barbers, age from 14 years to 69 years (mean 27.11) were interviewed. In this group 232 (57.6%) had education illiterate to class five level. Among them 245 (60.3%) had income below 10 thousand per month. Blood transfusion could transmit HBV, HCV and HIV was known to 136 (33.7%), 129 (32.00%) and 247 (61.30%), contaminated syringe sharing could transmit HBV, HCV and HIV respectively was known to 131 (32.5%), 127 (31.50%) and 278 (69.0%) barbers, unsafe sex could transmit HBV, HCV and HIV was known to 166 (41.2%), 158(39.2%) and 317 (78.70%) barbers respectively and Contaminated shaving instruments could transmit HBV, HCV and HIV was known to 101 (25.1%), 96 (23.8%) and 156 (38.7%) barbers respectively. In this series 84 (20.84%) barbers answered correctly. This answers differed significantly within different level of education. Their knowledge of sterilization of shaving instruments was poor.

Conclusion: Knowledge of our barbers regarding transmission of HBV, HCV and HIV and sterilisatioin of shaving instruments are inadequate. Institutional education and structured professional training may improve their services and decrease transmission of blood borne viral diseases.

Medicine Today 2020 Vol.32(2): 117-121
Avaliação da qualidade de polpas de frutas congeladas comercializadas na Região de Carajás-PA
Authors: Torres Lívia Cristina Pereira , Moura Raylane de Castro , Aguiar Rodrigo Oliveira , Santos Dayanne Bentes dos , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos , Martins Luiza Helena da Silva , Bernardino Priscilla Diniz Lima da Silva , Silva Priscilla Andrade
Published: October 2020

O mercado de polpa de frutas é um negócio promissor e lucrativo dentro do setor alimentício, fatores como praticidade e variedades de frutas no Brasil fez esse tipo de produto ser bastante apreciado pelo consumidor. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas de polpas de frutas comercializadas na Região de Carajás-PA, e comparar com o padrão estabelecido pela legislação vigente. Para tanto, foram analisados cinco sabores (abacaxi, acerola, cajá, cupuaçu e goiaba) de quatro marcas de polpas de frutas (A, B, C e D) quanto ao valor de pH, sólidos solúveis (ºBrix), acideztulável e sólidos totais. As análises microbiológicas realizadas nas polpas de diferentes marcas foram coliformes a 45°C e Salmonella sp. Os resultados obtidos para um mesmo sabor, das diferentes marcas, foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Os resultados verificados nas polpas de frutas das diferentes marcas indicaram ausência de microrganismos. A marca B das diferentes polpas  foi a que melhor atendeu aos padrões exigidos; e os principais parâmetros em desacordo com a legislação são o teor de sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix) e sólidos totais, o que sugere adequação das indústrias com relação ao processamento e controle de qualidade das polpas comercializadas na Região de Carajás-PA.
Protein solubility of jackfruit seed flour: pH and salt concentration influence
Authors: Santos Calila Teixeira , Gomes Glece Milene Santana , Nascimento Priscilla Amaral , Gandolfi Olga Reinert Ramos , Fontan Rafael da Costa Ilhéu , Veloso Cristiane Martins , Bonomo Renata Cristina Ferreira
Published: October 2020

Solubility is a fundamental physicochemical property of proteins because of its importance over other protein properties in foods. Water solubility characteristics determine appropriate protein extraction and fractionation conditions in foods. In this study protein solubility of jackfruit seed flour (Artocarpus integrifolia L.) was determined, combined with the effect of pH and sulfate, chloride and trisodium citrate salt concentration variations. Protein solubility was higher in more acidic (pH =2.0) and alkaline (8.0≤ pH ≥10.0) mediums, in the absence of salts. It was also verified that the best solubility conditions under pH 2.0 using trisodium citrate was at 0.25 mol/L; and for pH 6.0, it was 1.0 mol/L. For sodium chloride, the best conditions occurred at 0.25 mol/L for pH 2.0, 6.0 and 10.0; and the best solubility values using sodium sulfate under pH 4.0 and 8.0 was 0.25 mol/L; and 0.50 mol/L under pH 6.0 and 10.0. Jackfruit seeds flour can be used as an alternative source of edible protein and as a substitute for products already available in the market.
Pollinating potential of bee floral visitors of Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) cultivated in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Mikail Olinda de , Bomfim Isac Gabriel Abrahão , Cavalcante Marcelo Casimiro , Contrera Felipe Andrés León , Souza Francisco Xavier de , Freitas Breno  Magalhães
Published: October 2020

To better understand the relationship between Spondias mombin (Anacardiaceae) with its floral visitors, we investigated stigma receptivity and flowering pattern, as well as the abundance, frequency and behavior of bees visiting its flowers, aiming to discuss their potential as pollinator of this plant species. We studied S. mombin in an orchard in Northeastern Brazil. Stigma receptivity coincided with the time bees were foraging, mainly for pollen. According to the bee behavior on flowers, their visiting hour, abundance, and frequency in the studied area, we concluded that Apis mellifera (Linnaeus), Trigona spinipes (Fabricius), Xylocopa grisescens (Lepeletier) and Augochloropsis sp. are potential pollinators of S. mombin. Also, A. mellifera and T. spinipes were the most abundant species in the area and collected floral resources with greater frequency, contributing more significantly to pollination. Due to the overwhelmingly presence of these two bee species in NE Brazil, we conclude they are the main potential pollinators of S. mombin in the region.
Sistemas de manejo do solo sobre a produção e qualidade dos pêssegos Chimarrita e Premier
Authors: Balbinot Marciano , Conceição Paulo Cesar , Wagner Junior Américo , Haskel Maiara Karini , Stumpf Lizete
Published: October 2020

O manejo inapropriado do solo é um dos fatores que podem afetar negativamente a produtividade e a qualidade dos pomares. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a interferência dos sistemas de manejo do solo na produção e qualidade de pêssegos Chimarrita e Premier, em dois ciclos produtivos (2009/2010 e 2010/2011). O experimento foi implantado em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições e seis sistemas de manejo do solo: a) solo descoberto, b) plantas espontâneas roçadas, c) cobertura morta permanente e, cobertura verde manejada com d) herbicida, e) acamada e f) roçada.  A produção e produtividade das cultivares nos dois ciclos produtivos não foram afetadas pelos sistemas de manejo do solo. As características físico-químicas dos frutos foram afetadas no primeiro ciclo de produção, sendo  no segundo ano alterado apenas  a massa fresca do fruto e firmeza de polpa. O tratamento com cobertura morta proporcionou maior massa fresca do fruto (130,4 g) na cultivar Chimarrita com a utilização de espontâneas roçadas e menor firmeza de polpa (10,3 N) para a cultivar Premier.
Atualizações e avanços na etiopatogenia e tratamento dos tumores da articulação temporomandibular
Authors: Aires Carolina Chaves Gama , Peixoto Luana dos Santos Fonseca , Lima Iasmin Fares Menezes de , Silva Carolina Pereira da , Vasconcellos Ricardo José De Holanda
Published: October 2020

Introdução: Os tumores, neoplásicos ou não neoplásicos, que acometem a articulação temporomandibular (ATM) são incomuns e, clinicamente, os sintomas manifestam-se de forma semelhantes aos diversos transtornos que acometem a ATM, tais quais: dor, limitação de abertura bucal e alterações oclusais. Objetivo: avaliar os principais aspectos relacionados a etiopatogenia, diagnóstico e modalidades de tratamento dos principais tumores e pseudotumores que acometem a ATM, através de uma revisão narrativa da literatura atual. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma busca em fontes indexadas ao Google acadêmico e na Medline (via Pubmed), através dos seguintes descritores e meshes: Articulação temporomandibular; Transtornos da articulação temporomandibular; Neoplasias maxilares; Neoplasias ósseas e Deformidades dentofaciais. Resultados e discussão: Foram encontrados artigos sobre a etiopatogenia, modalidades diagnósticas e os aspectos relacionados ao tratamento dos principais tumores que acometem a ATM, tais quais o osteocondroma, a condromatose sinovial, tumor tenossinovial de células gigantes, os osteomas, condromas e condroblatomas, além das variedades malignas osteossarcoma e condrossarcoma. Considerações finais: os exames complementares são fundamentais para o diagnóstico diferencial dessas patologias, visto a inespecificidade dos sintomas normalmente associados, além de serem importantes para traçar o quadro evolutivo das lesões e para o planejamento cirúrgico que envolve a maior parte dos casos. Quando necessária, a ressecção cirúrgica desses tumores, muitas vezes está associada a reconstrução da articulação e a correção da deformidade dento-facial residual, promovendo uma melhor função articular, diminuindo os sintomas, em alguns casos melhorando a estética, e por fim devolvendo qualidade de vida para os pacientes acometidos.
Uma proposta pedagógica para a adaptação da Metodologia PROJETÃO a cursos Técnicos em Informática Integrados ao Ensino Médio
Authors: Targa Cristiane Norbiato , Novy Gabriel Felipe Cândido , Costa Junior Edio da
Published: October 2020

O cenário de produtos e serviços tem se tornado cada vez mais competitivo e variado. As tecnologias da informação permitiram uma revolução e uma inovação nos produtos e serviços que têm sido oferecidos. Essas soluções têm sido possíveis, em grande parte, por conta dos avanços da tecnologia da informação. No entanto, as escolas não têm preparado os estudantes para este novo cenário. Por isso, é necessário que novas metodologias inovadoras também sejam aplicadas aos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. O PROJETÃO é uma metodologia inovadora desenvolvida pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) que leva os estudantes a proporem soluções também inovadoras para problemas existentes. A inovação do PROJETÃO está na interdisciplinaridade e no foco em problemas do mundo real. Este é  um estudo exploratório qualitativo com o objetivo de  propor o Projetec, que é uma adaptação pioneira do PROJETÃO para cursos Técnicos Integrados de Nível Médio e pode ser aplicada em cursos de diversas áreas. Por isso, essa adaptação realiza ajustes no tempo de desenvolvimento da metodologia, práticas a serem aplicadas, organização dos grupos, inserção de novas metodologias, dentre outras ações que visam tornar a metodologia mais adequada ao ensino médio integrado.
Extrato etanólico da casca de fruta de Caryocar brasiliense promove a morte e o controle do ciclo celular em células osteossarcoma caninas
Authors: Nepomuceno Leandro Lopes , Soares Nayane Peixoto , Borges Juliana Carvalho de Almeida , Vieira Vanessa de Souza , Pereira Dayane Kelly Sabec , Pereira Kleber Fernando , Cruz Vanessa de Sousa , Ferreira Jorge Luís , Arnhold Emmanuel , Araújo Eugênio Gonçalves de
Published: October 2020

O bioma Cerrado é fonte de moléculas químicas com grande potencial medicinal. As substâncias extraídas do pequi, fruto do Caryocar brasiliense, têm propriedades antiparasitárias, antioxidantes e antineoplásicas. O osteossarcoma canino é um tumor ósseo altamente agressivo e metastático, pouco responsivo às modalidades atuais de quimioterapia. Este estudo teve como objetivo mostrar os efeitos do extrato etanólico da casca de pequi (EEPP) sobre as células do osteossarcoma canino, além de sugerir uma rota metabólica que explique a ação do extrato. As células D-17 foram semeadas e expostas a EEPP nas concentrações de 0, 10 e 100 µg / mL. Após o tratamento, os núcleos celulares foram marcados com DAPI e quantificados por microscopia de fluorescência. A expressão das proteínas p53, Ki-67, Bcl-2, Akt, AMPK e mTOR foi analisada por imunocitoquímica. Ao usar o DAPI, encontramos uma redução no número de núcleos quantificados, tempo e dose-dependente. A marcação de anticorpos p53, Ki-67 e Bcl-2 diminuiu nos grupos expostos a EEPP. O oposto foi observado com os anticorpos Akt, AMPK e mTOR, onde a proteína não foi encontrada no grupo controle, mas foi expressa nos grupos expostos à EEPP. Nós sugerimos uma possível rota metabólica onde EEPP promove a morte celular e o controle do ciclo celular em células D-17.
Perfil epidemiológico da coinfecção por HIV e leishmaniose visceral no estado de Alagoas, 2009 – 2019
Authors: Lira João Lúcio Macário , Calado Maríllia Ferreira , Oliveira Lilian de Lucena
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Qualificar o perfil epidemiológico da coinfecção por HIV e leishmaniose visceral no estado de Alagoas nos últimos 10 anos. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e quantitativo dos casos confirmados de leishmaniose visceral por coinfecção por HIV no estado de Alagoas no período de 2009 a 2019. Os dados utilizados são secundários do Sistema de Informação e Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) encontrados através do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Resultados: Nos últimos 10 anos foram notificados 503 casos de Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) no estado de Alagoas, sendo 27 (5,37%) são coinfectados por HIV. Ao analisar o perfil de casos confirmados de Leishmaniose por coinfecção HIV, constatou-se que 77,8% são do sexo masculino, a faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos prevaleceu com 63% dos casos notificados. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo mostram que em Alagoas houve prevalência da Leishmaniose por coinfecção HIV em homens na idade reprodutiva e de baixa escolaridade. Nesse sentido, compreender a dinâmica epidemiológica da LV, HIV/AIDS e da coinfecção LV/HIV-AIDS se torna prioritário a inclusão de ofertas de educação em saúde devido à falta de informação como os fatores de riscos relacionados às patologias de forma a evitar a coinfecção de HIV-LV no estado de Alagoas. Portanto a formulação de medidas eficazes para o controle dessas patologias que são tão relevantes para o serviço público de saúde e epidemiológico.
DUA POLA PIKIR MATEMATIKA SEBAGAI TEKNIK MENULIS TEKS LAPORAN HASIL OBSERVASI SISWA KELAS IV SDN DUKUH MENANGGAL 1 SURABAYA
Authors: Setiono Refiana Putricipta , Juniarso Triman , Pramulia Pana
Published: October 2020

Two mathematical mindsets are two of four mathematical midsets what integrated in the technique of writing observational report text. The four mathematical mindset is the one of latest writing technique that was invented by Ayu Utami. This research aims to determine whether or not the influence of two mathematical mindset assisted skill of writing text on observational reports at 4th grade of SDN Dukuh Menanggal 1 Surabaya. Research use quantitative approach with experimental research is quasi experimental posttest-only design. Sampel in this research is student at 4thA grade as control team and 4thB grade as experiment team.T-test shows that the value of t-test count obtained is 9,860, while the t-table value at 5% significance level with degrees of freedom 37 obtained for 2,0262. This indicates that t-test count (10,794) > t-table (2,0262), so that the hypothesis accepted. The conclusion of research is two mathematical mindsets’ technique is influence assisted by skill of writing text on observational reports at 4th grade of SDN Dukuh Menanggal 1 Surabaya.
TOOLS FOR THE EXPRESSION OF THE MEANING OF “NEGATION” IN WORD-BUILDING OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Kruashvili Irina
Published: October 2020

The aim of the article is to describe, what word building tools express negation in modern German language; to determine the place and importance of word-forming elements expressing negation in the German word building system; to characterize the internal structure and semantics of formations expressing negation; to describe the inventory of prefix derivatives expressing negation, to classify them according to formal and semantic parameters. The article uses several methods of research. Namely, analysis of direct constituents, methods of descriptive, comparative, substantial and disjunctive opposition. The use of mentioned methods make the formal and semantic structure of word building constructions transparent. Results of the research can be described as follows: the article analyzes more than one hundred word building constructions expressing negation, fetched from lexicographical sources, journals and newspapers, fiction literature and other samples of the functional style. The article reviews the inventory of prefix derivatives having negative word building meanings, there are described their structural and semantic characteristics. The corpus of formations expressing negation is compared to the headwords of dictionaries of the German language and there are revealed the items that are not registered in dictionaries. We can make a conclusion from the materials analyzed in the article that prefixes represent very productive word building tools to express negation in the German language. The nominative function of prefix derivatives that express negation is to modify already existing words. They almost do not participate in compression of syntax constructions. During prefixation there occurs determination of the substantive or adjective root form by a morpheme prefix. Foreign (borrowed) prefixes expressing negation are mainly used in scientific special field texts, which is quite opposite for the German prefixes that mainly occur in the vocabulary of everyday conversation.
Modernisation of organisations due to migration?
Authors: Käpplinger Bernd
Published: October 2020

The following paper discusses as a research question the effects of increased migration by refugees and asylum-seekers on German adult education centres (Volkshochschule - VHS). Other studies have focused on the effects of co-called integration courses on learners, their trajectories, or general societal effects, such as inclusion in the labour market. In these studies, adult education was perceived as a means of how to deal with migration and integration, and the research was less focused on how migration and integration affects adult education centres. Based on modernity theories, this study used quantitative analysis in order to determine if the approximately 900 German adult education centres have changed in the last two decades due to increased migration and different legal frameworks. Program analysis were used in previous studies, while here the provider statistics were used for a longitudinal data analysis. This analysis focused on the following three factors: professional staff, the fields/subjects of provision, and financial sources.