bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Norovirus Infections and Their Association with Childhood Growth: Findings from a Multi-Country Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Palit Parag , Das Rina , Haque Md. Ahshanul , Hasan Md. Mehedi , Noor Zannatun , Mahfuz Mustafa , Faruque Abu Syed Golam , Ahmed Tahmeed
Published: March 2022

The prevalence of norovirus infections in different geographical locations and their attribution to childhood diarrhea is well established. However, there are no reports showing possible relationships of different norovirus genogroups with subsequent childhood malnutrition. In this study, we attempted to establish a potential association between asymptomatic norovirus infections with childhood growth faltering during. Non-diarrheal stools were collected from 1715 children enrolled in locations in a multi-county birth cohort study across eight different geographical locations and were assessed for norovirus genogroup I (GI) and norovirus genogroup II (GII). Asymptomatic norovirus GI infections were negatively associated with monthly length-for-age Z score/LAZ (β = −0.53, 95% CI: −0.73, −0.50) and weight-for-age Z score/WAZ (β = −0.39, 95% CI: −0.49, −0.28), respectively. The burden of asymptomatic norovirus GI infections was negatively associated with LAZ (β = −0.46, 95% CI: −0.67, −0.41) and WAZ (β = −0.66, 95% CI: −0.86, −0.53) at 2 years of age, whilst the burden of asymptomatic norovirus GII infections was negatively associated with WAZ (β = −0.27, 95% CI: −0.45, −0.25) at 2 years of age. Our findings warrant acceleration in attempts to develop vaccines against norovirus GI and norovirus GII, with the aim of minimizing the long-term sequelae on childhood growth.
Applications of Atomic Force Microscopy in HIV-1 Research
Authors: Rousso Itay , Deshpande Akshay
Published: March 2022

Obtaining an understanding of the mechanism underlying the interrelations between the structure and function of HIV-1 is of pivotal importance. In previous decades, this mechanism was addressed extensively in a variety of studies using conventional approaches. More recently, atomic force microscopy, which is a relatively new technique with unique capabilities, has been utilized to study HIV-1 biology. Atomic force microscopy can generate high-resolution images at the nanometer-scale and analyze the mechanical properties of individual HIV-1 virions, virus components (e.g., capsids), and infected live cells under near-physiological environments. This review describes the working principles and various imaging and analysis modes of atomic force microscopy, and elaborates on its distinctive contributions to HIV-1 research in areas such as mechanobiology and the physics of infection.
Effects of Casirivimab/Imdevimab Monoclonal Antibody Treatment among Vaccinated Patients Infected by SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant
Authors: Cicchitto Gaetano , Cardillo Lorena , de Martinis Claudio , Sabatini Paola , Marchitiello Rosita , Abate Giovanna , Rovetti Adele , Cavallera Antonietta , Apuzzo Camillo , Ferrigno Francesco , Fusco Giovanna
Published: March 2022

There is a growing interest in using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the early stages of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to prevent disease progression. Little is known about the efficacy of mAbs against the delta variant of concern and its clinical presentations. We evaluated the effect of casirivimab/imdevimab treatment among five delta vaccine breakthrough patients. Symptomatic non-hospitalized vaccinated patients were submitted to nasopharyngeal swabs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Blood analysis and chest Computed Tomography were also performed. A cocktail of casirivimab/imdevimab was administrated, and patients were monitored weekly. Clinical evolution was evaluated by the regression of the symptoms, negative results by real-time RT-PCR, and by the need of hospitalization: these aspects were considered as significant outcomes. In four cases, symptom reversion and viral load reduction were observed within 2 days and 7 days after mAbs treatment, respectively. Only one case, suffering from thymoma, was hospitalized 2 days later because of respiratory failure, which reverted within 18 days. mAbs treatment seems to be safe and effective against the delta variant and its clinical manifestations.
Characterization of Serum and Mucosal SARS-CoV-2-Antibodies in HIV-1-Infected Subjects after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Schmidt Katja G. , Harrer Ellen G. , Tascilar Koray , Kübel Sabrina , El Kenz Boutaina , Hartmann Fabian , Simon David , Schett Georg , Nganou-Makamdop Krystelle , Harrer Thomas
Published: March 2022

Only limited data are available regarding the immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in HIV-1+ patients. Therefore, we investigated the humoral immune response after BNT162b2-mRNA vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection in HIV-1+ patients on antiretroviral therapy compared to HIV-1-uninfected subjects. Serum and saliva samples were analysed by SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG and IgA ELISAs and a surrogate neutralization assay. While all subjects developed anti-spike IgG and IgA and neutralizing antibodies in serum after two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, the HIV-1+ subjects displayed significantly lower neutralizing capacity and anti-spike IgA in serum compared to HIV-1-uninfected subjects. Serum levels of anti-spike IgG and neutralizing activity were significantly higher in vaccinees compared to SARS-CoV-2 convalescents irrespective of HIV-1 status. Among SARS-CoV-2 convalescents, there was no significant difference in spike-specific antibody response between HIV-1+ and uninfected subjects. In saliva, anti-spike IgG and IgA antibodies were detected both in vaccinees and convalescents, albeit at lower frequencies compared to the serum and only rarely with detectable neutralizing activity. In summary, our study demonstrates that the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine induces SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in HIV-1-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy, however, lower vaccine induced neutralization activity indicates a lower functionality of the humoral vaccine response in HIV-1+ patients.
Infection of Human Endothelial Cells with Lassa Virus Induces Early but Transient Activation and Low Type I IFN Response Compared to the Closely-Related Nonpathogenic Mopeia Virus
Authors: Merabet Othmann , Pietrosemoli Natalia , Perthame Emeline , Armengaud Jean , Gaillard Jean-Charles , Borges-Cardoso Virginie , Daniau Maïlys , Legras-Lachuer Catherine , Carnec Xavier , Baize Sylvain
Published: March 2022

Lassa virus (LASV), an Old World arenavirus, is responsible for hemorrhagic fevers in western Africa. The privileged tropism of LASV for endothelial cells combined with a dysregulated inflammatory response are the main cause of the increase in vascular permeability observed during the disease. Mopeia virus (MOPV) is another arenavirus closely related to LASV but nonpathogenic for non-human primates (NHPs) and has never been described in humans. MOPV is more immunogenic than LASV in NHPs and in vitro in human immune cell models, with more intense type I IFN and adaptive cellular responses. Here, we compared the transcriptomic and proteomic responses of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to infection with the two viruses to further decipher the mechanisms involved in their differences in immunogenicity and pathogenicity. Both viruses replicated durably and efficiently in HUVECs, but the responses they induced were strikingly different. Modest activation was observed at an early stage of LASV infection and then rapidly shut down. By contrast, MOPV induced a late but more intense response, characterized by the expression of genes and proteins mainly associated with the type I IFN response and antigen processing/presentation. Such a response is consistent with the higher immunogenicity of MOPV relative to LASV, whereas the lack of an innate response induced in HUVECs by LASV is consistent with its uncontrolled systemic dissemination through the vascular endothelium.
Prevalence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Infections in Pigs on Jeju Island, South Korea, from 2009–2019 and Experimental Infection of Pigs with BVDV Strains Isolated from Cattle
Authors: Choe SeEun , Lim Seong-in , Park Gyu-Nam , Song Sok , Shin Jihye , Kim Ki-Sun , Hyun Bang-Hun , Kim Jae-Hoon , An Dong-Jun
Published: March 2022

On Jeju Island, South Korea, pigs have not been vaccinated against classical swine fever (CSF) since 1999. Analysis of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolated from pigs on Jeju Island between 2009 and 2019 identified five BVDV-1a strains and one BVDV-1b strain. These BVDV types were shown to be the same types as BVDV strains isolated from neighboring cow farms. BVDV antibody-positive pigs (both BVDV-1 and -2) were also detected at 54 of 168 pig farms during this period. In pig infection experiments using BVDV-1a and -2a strains isolated from neighboring cow farms, BVDV-1a was detected in the blood of one of four pigs infected at both 6 and 35 days post-infection (dpi) and in the blood of two of the four pigs at 28 dpi. Pigs showed higher anti-BVDV-1 titers (5.5 ± 1.5 log2) at 35 dpi. BVDV-2a was detected in the blood of one of four pigs infected with this virus at 28 dpi only, and lower antibody titers (2.75 ± 0.75 log2) were seen in these pigs at 35 dpi. While BVDV infection is not particularly pathogenic in pigs, it is still important to monitor porcine BVDV infections due to a differential diagnosis of CSFV.
Molecular Detection of Malpighamoeba mellificae in Honey Bees
Authors: Schäfer Marc O. , Horenk Juliane , Wylezich Claudia
Published: March 2022

Malpighamoeba mellificae is a protozoan that infects the Malpighian tubules of honey bees. The amoebae, ingested as cysts, develop into trophozoites that feed upon tubule epithelia. The resulting damage of the Malpighian tubules can induce an imbalance of waste excretion and hemolymph exchange. This causes the so-called amoebiasis disease in adult bees, which may co-occur with Nosema infections. Most reports of this amoeba are from the 1960s and earlier, and knowledge of the disease and its spreading is very poor. The lack of any genetic marker for the species hampers its sensitive identification using molecular tools and gaining knowledge on its epidemiology. Here, we present a diagnostic RT-qPCR assay, consisting of two primers and one probe that were developed based on 18S rRNA sequences of the amoeba, generated with metagenomic sequencing of Malpighian tubules with and without M. mellificae cysts. The assay was initially tested and adjusted with samples microscopically tested for the presence of M. mellificae cysts. Later, it was validated and material with unknown infection status was tested. The sensitive diagnostic Malpighamoeba disease 18S assay is now ready to be applied for honey bee health monitoring purposes and to investigate the prevalence of M. mellificae in more detail.
Physical Modeling for Large-Scale Landslide with Chair-Shaped Bedrock Surfaces under Precipitation and Reservoir Water Fluctuation Conditions
Authors: Pan Shangtao , Gao Wei , Hu Ruilin
Published: March 2022

The deformation and failure mechanisms of historical landslides, characterized with different types of bedrock surface shapes which are known to have been induced by rainfall and reservoir water fluctuations, is an important issue currently being addressed by many researchers. The Zhaoshuling Landslide of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, which was characterized with a chair-shaped bedrock surface under rainfall and reservoir water fluctuation conditions, was selected as an example in this study’s physical modeling process. The results of different parameters, including the displacements, pore water pressure, and total soil pressure during the landslide event, revealed that the Zhaoshuling Landslide with a chair-shaped bedrock surface had been extremely sensitive to heavy rainfall coupled with the rapid lowering of the water levels. Then, based on the data analysis results of the monitoring of the rainfall and groundwater levels, as well as the reservoir water levels, a conceptual model was put forward to explain the failure mechanisms. It was believed that the chair-shaped bedrock at the toe of the slope had been subjected to a localized zone of high transient pore water pressure, which had significantly adverse effects on the mechanisms of the slope stability.
Removal of Organoselenium from Aqueous Solution by Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Supported on Granular Activated Carbon
Authors: Okonji Stanley Onyinye , Achari Gopal , Pernitsky David
Published: March 2022

Nanoscale zerovalent iron particles (nZVI) immobilized on coconut shell-based granular activated carbon (GAC) were studied to remove organoselenium from wastewater. A chemical reduction technique that involves the application of sodium borohydride was adopted for the adsorbent preparation. The texture, morphology and chemical composition of the synthesized adsorbents were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Batch experiment with various pHs and contact times were conducted to evaluate nZVI/GAC adsorption performance. The results showed that nZVI/GAC has a strong affinity to adsorb selenomethionine (SeMet) and selenocysteine (SeCys) from wastewaters. The maximum removal efficiency for the composite (nZVI/GAC) was 99.9% for SeCys and 78.2% for SeMet removal, which was significantly higher than that of nZVI (SeCy, 59.2%; SeMet, 10.8%). The adsorption kinetics were studied by pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic models. Amongst the two, PSO seemed to have a better fit (SeCy, R2 > 0.998; SeMet, R2 > 0.999). The adsorption process was investigated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Electrostatic attraction played a significant role in the removal of organoselenium by nZVI/GAC adsorption. Overall, the results indicated that GAC-supported nZVI can be considered a promising and efficient technology for removing organoselenium from wastewater.
Analysis of Water Balance Changes and Parameterization Reflecting Soil Characteristics in a Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN Model
Authors: Kim Soohong , Kim Jonggun , Kang Hyeongsik , Jang Won Seok , Lim Kyoung Jae
Published: March 2022

Efficient water resource management requires accurate analyses of hydrological components and water balance. The Hydrological Simulation Program—FORTRAN (HSPF) model serves this purpose at the watershed scale. It has limited accuracy in calculating runoff and infiltration because the model simulates hydrological processes using one representative parameter for each land use in the watershed. Accuracy requires field-scale analysis of hydrological components. We calculated the lower zone storage nominal parameter, which markedly affects runoff in HSPF, from effective moisture content and depth of each soil layer. Analysis of hydrological components suggested re-calculating the parameters reflecting soil characteristics. We investigated two scenarios through simulations: Scenario 1 used the existing method. Scenario 2 used parameters that reflected soil properties. Total flows for each sub-catchment were identical, but proportions of direct and intermediate runoff were larger in Scenario 1. Ratios of baseflow, evapotranspiration, and infiltration were larger in Scenario 2, reflecting soil characteristics. Comparing the baseflow ratio to total flow, Scenario 2 values were similar to observed values. Comparisons of R2 and Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) at the end of the watershed were well matched (R2 and NSE are higher than 0.9) in both scenarios, but proportions of each hydrological component differed. It is important to consider soil characteristics when applying water quantity and quality analyses in an HSPF simulation.
Flood Risk Perception and Its Attributes among Rural Households under Developing Country Conditions: The Case of Pakistan
Authors: Shah Ashfaq Ahmad , Ajiang Chen , Khan Nasir Abbas , Alotaibi Bader Alhafi , Tariq Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman
Published: March 2022

Managing and communicating flood risks necessitates a strong understanding of how people perceive risk. It has become critical to examine risk perception to implement effective disaster risk management (DRM) measures. Socioeconomic determinants have an impact on risk perception, which in turn affects future adaptive capacity and disaster preparedness. First and foremost, this research attempts to determine how Pakistani people in rural areas perceive flood risk, and second, to examine the factors that can influence rural residents’ perceptions of flood risk. The data for this study were collected through face-to-face interviews with 600 respondents (household heads) from Charsadda and Nowshera districts that were severely affected by the 2010 flood. A flood risk perception index was developed (using a risk matrix) using relevant attributes on a Likert scale and classified into two categories: high and low perceived risk. Furthermore, a binary regression model was used to examine the influence of socioeconomic and institutional factors on rural households’ risk perception. Flood risk was perceived by 67 percent of the total sampled participants in the study regions. The results of binary logistic regression demonstrate that flood risk perception is strongly linked to socioeconomic variables such as age, education, house ownership, family size, past flood experience, and distance from the nearest river source, as well as institutional factors such as access to credit and extreme weather forecast information. The findings of the current study additionally revealed that flood risk perception varied among household heads based on education (1–10 years perceived high flood risk (51.47%)), age (age greater than 40 years perceived high flood risk (52.83%)), and monthly income levels (lower monthly income group perceived high flood risk (73.02%)). The findings of this study shed light on rural households’ perception of flood risk and the factors that shape such perceptions. These findings can assist provincial and local disaster management authorities in better understanding flood risk and adopting local actions that could be used to respond to flood and other climate-related disasters.
Ukrainos baptistų judėjimo transformacijos visuomenės pokyčių ir lūžių akivaizdoje
Authors: Liutkevičius Eugenijus
Published: March 2022

Transformations of the Ukrainian Baptist Movement in the Face of Societal Changes and Upheav als This article focuses on the development of the Ukrainian Baptist movement after the dissolution of the USSR. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, it marks and examines two reasons for the rapid transformation of the Baptist movement, namely the uneasy political situation and the involvement of local evangelicals in the social services. The article investigates the specificity of the context of the post-Soviet Baptist movement in Ukraine: how a particular conservative tradition subsequently comes under increasing pressure from open-style Baptists. Key words: Baptists, Ukraine, the Bible, transformation, tradition.
Developing a primary care-initiated hepatitis C treatment pathway in Scotland: a qualitative study
Authors: Whiteley David , Speakman Elizabeth M , Elliott Lawrie , Jarvis Helen , Davidson Katherine , Quinn Michael , Flowers Paul
Published: March 2022

Background

The ease of contemporary hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy has prompted a global drive towards simplified and decentralised treatment pathways. In some countries, primary care has become an integral component of community-based HCV treatment provision. In the UK, however, the role of primary care providers remains largely focused on testing and diagnosis alone.

Aim

To develop a primary care-initiated HCV treatment pathway for people who use drugs, and recommend theory-informed interventions to help embed that pathway into practice.

Design and setting

A qualitative study informed by behaviour change theory. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with key stakeholders (n = 38) primarily from two large conurbations in Scotland.

Method

Analysis was three-stage. First, a broad pathway structure was outlined and then sequential pathway steps were specified; second, thematic data were aligned to pathway steps, and significant barriers and enablers were identified; and, third, the Theoretical Domains Framework and Behaviour Change Wheel were employed to systematically develop ideas to enhance pathway implementation, which stakeholders then appraised.

Results

The proposed pathway structure spans broad, overarching challenges to primary care-initiated HCV treatment. The theory-informed recommendations align with influences on different behaviours at key pathway steps, and focus on relationship building, routinisation, education, combating stigmas, publicising the pathway, and treatment protocol development.

Conclusion

This study provides the first practicable pathway for primary care-initiated HCV treatment in Scotland, and provides recommendations for wider implementation in the UK. It positions primary care providers as an integral part of community-based HCV treatment, providing workable solutions to ingrained barriers to care.
Eficacia de la legislación anticorrupción en la gobernanza pública
Authors: Yumpo Racho Wualter
Published: March 2022

Uno de los graves conflictos que enfrentan los países, en particular los Estados subdesarrollados, es la corrupción. Este problema se presenta de manera compleja y estructural, tanto a nivel interno como externo, en el cual, están involucrados funcionarios de mayor y menor importancia, la clase política dirigencial, así como instituciones públicas y empresarial privado, inclusive el deporte y parte de la ciudadanía.  El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la eficacia de la legislación anticorrupción frente al fenómeno de la corrupción en el contexto de la gobernanza pública para reducir su masificación. Este problema, en la última década, pese las diversas investigaciones, propuestas, reformas legales y esfuerzos realizados no se ha logrado reducir y continúa latente en la sociedad como principal problema. Por ello, resulta pertinente  y  relevante  abordarlo  desde  diferentes  perspectivas  y  en  forma  holística,  debido  que  la  corrupción  se  ha introducido en todo el sistema y continúa en él por lo que las reformas legales que se establezca para enfrentarla no la afectan significativamente. El tipo de investigación fue de revisión sistemática. El estudio permitió como resultado, que la legislación en materia anticorrupción tiene un nivel bajo de eficacia por falta de claridad en su contenido y debido a la complejidad y magnitud en que se presenta el problema, ello se expresa al no haberse logrado avances significativos en la disminución de los índices de corrupción desde el año 2012.
Some Geometric Properties for a Class of Analytic Functions Defined by Beta Negative Binomial Distribution Series
Authors: Wanas Abbas Kareem , Ahsoni Hussein Mohammed
Published: March 2022

In the present paper, we introduce and study a subclass of analytic and univalent functions associated with Beta negative binomial distribution series which is defined in the open unit disk U. We discuss some important geometric properties of this subclass, like, coefficient estimates, extreme points and integral representation. Also, we obtain results about integral mean associated with fractional integral.
Applications of Fractional Calculus on a Certain Class of Univalent Functions Associated with Wanas Operator
Authors: Wanas Abbas Kareem , Hammadi Noor Jassim
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this work is to use fractional integral and Wanas operator to define a certain class of analytic and univalent functions defined in the open unit disk U. Also, we obtain some results for this class such as integral representation, inclusion relationship and argument estimate.
BIOMASA DE Urochloa humidicola COMO MATERIA PRIMA PARA PRODUCIR BIOCOMBUSTIBLE
Authors: Ventura-Ríos Joel , Santiago-Ortega Mario Alberto , Maldonado-Peralta María de los Ángeles , Álvarez-Vázquez Perpetuo , Maldonado-Peralta Ramiro , Barrera-Martínez Iliana , Wilson-García Claudia Yanet
Published: March 2022

Debido al incremento mundial en la demanda de energía y la preocupación por el calentamiento global y emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, el interés para producir biocombustibles ha tomado gran importancia. Las materias primas para producirlos es uno de los factores más relevantes. De estas, las fuentes lignocelulósicas y los cultivos energéticos son preferidos, ya que no se usan con fines de alimentación humana. En este trabajo se evaluó el potencial del pasto Urochloa humidicola (Rendle) Morrone & Zuloaga (Sin. Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick.) como insumo para producir bioetanol. La producción de biomasa, composición química, poder calorífico y el rendimiento teórico de bioetanol se evaluaron a 30, 60, 90 y 120 d después del rebrote. Se realizó un análisis estadístico con el procedimiento GLM(SAS) y con la prueba de Tukey (P ≤ 0.05) se compararon las medias de los tratamientos. La mayor producción de biomasa, poder calorífico, producción de energía, FDA y LDA (P ≤ 0.05) se detectó a los 120 d, con 19.5 Mg ha-1 año-1, 17.1 MJ kg-1, 333.9 GJ ha-1 año-1, 43.6 % y 6.2 %, respectivamente. El mayor contenido de cenizas y PC (P ≤ 0.05) se obtuvieron en la frecuencia de corte de 30 y 60 d, con 11.7 y 6.9 %, respectivamente. La mayor producción de celulosa, hemicelulosas, FDN y producción de bioetanol (P ≤ 0.05) se alcanzó a los 90 d, con 38.3 %, 22.4 %, 65.6 % y 233.6 L Mg-1 MS, respectivamente. De acuerdo con el rendimiento de biomasa y la composición química del pasto Urochloa humidicola, la biomasa de esta especie puede ser utilizada como fuente bioenergética en climas tropicales.
Numerical Analysis of Hydraulic and Thermal Performance of Al2O3-Water Nanofluid in a Zigzag Channel with Central Winglets
Authors: AKÇAY Selma
Published: March 2022

This study numerically examined the impacts of central winglets and Al2O3-water nanofluid on the thermo-hydraulic performance in a zigzag channel. The analyzes based on Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) using the SIMPLE algorithm are actualized for nanofluid flow in Reynolds numbers (Re) varying between 200 and 1200. The volume fraction of nanoparticle (φ) is changed from 1% to 5 %. The upper and lower zigzag surfaces are kept at Tw = 350 K constant temperature. The results are given in terms of thermal improvement (η), dimensionless friction factor (Γ), and thermo-hydraulic performance (THP). In addition, the work is compared with the zigzag channel without winglet for the base fluid. The temperature and velocity distributions are obtained for the zigzag channel with and without winglet at different Reynolds numbers. The results show that the nanofluid and winglets contribute considerably to the enhancement of heat transfer, but the friction factor slightly increases. The heat transfer improves with increasing inlet velocity and particle volume fraction. The highest thermo-hydraulic performance is obtained as approximately 2.12 for Re = 400 and φ = 0.05.
Caracteres sexuales secundarios en plantas diclino dioicas
Authors:   , Cortella de Castells Alicia Rita
Published: March 2022

Ya desde fines del siglo pasado algunos autores habían observado diferencias en el grosor de los tallos, altura de las plantas y forma y tamaño de las hojas en plantas diclino dioicas, pero la mayoría de las investigaciones fueron dedicadas a hallar reacciones químicas que permitieran identificar prematuramente el sexo, otras a buscar diferencias químicas cuantitativas, como también muchos autores se dedicaron a estudios genéticos. Evidentemente las diferencias obtenidas entre las plantas y masculinas, por los distintos investigadores, se tenían que manifestar en un dimorfismo sexual. Efectivamente, en las plantas dioicas se han observado diferencias exomorfológicas según sean individuos masculinos o femeninos. En esta contribución se estudiaron estas plantas desde un punto de vista filogenético, considerándose desde las menos evolucionadas, Ginkgoaceas, hasta las mas evolucionadas, Gramíneas. También se hicieron observaciones en distintos ambientes, eliminándose así las posibles diferencias debidas a las condiciones del medio, considerándose ejemplares silvestres y cultivados en distintos climas.
Rodolfo Walsh
Authors: Díaz Cynthia Beatriz
Published: March 2022

Pensar a Rodolfo Walsh, desde su escritura y su compromiso político e ideológico, son los objetivos que este libro cumple con creces. Trama narrativa e historia, dos paralelas que necesariamente se cruzan, se cruzaron en la vida de Walsh: en esta investigación se muestran sus claves.
PEMANFAATAN GOOGLE DATA STUDIO UNTUK VISUALISASI E-RAPOR SISWA SMAN 2 BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Hayati Farida Nur , Silfiani Mega , Nurlaily Diana
Published: March 2022

Salah satu alat yang dapat digunakan untuk membuat visualisasi data adalah Google Data Studio. Google Data Studio merupakan layanan yang diciptakan Google untuk mengelola data. Rapor merupakan kumpulan data nilai siswa dari evaluasi proses belajar yang dilakukan selama satu semester. Guru yang menjabat wali kelas akan mengisi nilai para siswa yang dihimpun dari guru mata pelajaran ke dalam rapor. Selain untuk bahan evaluasi per semester, rapor juga membantu siswa untuk mengikuti SNMPTN (Seleksi Nasional Masuk Perguruan Tinggi Negeri). Mekanisme untuk menentukan peserta SNMPTN di SMA/SMK sederajat biasanya diputuskan oleh pihak sekolah. Pihak sekolah, dalam hal ini guru BK, menentukan siswa yang memiliki peluang tinggi untuk lolos SNMPTN berdasarkan nilai rapor. Hal ini tidak mudah mengingat banyaknya siswa yang ingin masuk PTN melalui jalur SNMPTN. Oleh karena itu diperlukan summary yang dibuat untuk menampilkan kesimpulan dengan cepat dari data nilai siswa. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan membuat sistem visualisasi data yang digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran/karakteristik dari data nilai siswa. Sistem visualisasi data tersebut menggunakan salah satu alat yaitu Google Data Studio dan Google Sheet untuk membuat dashboard. Sistem visualisasi data tersebut diperkenalkan dan diserahkan kepada SMAN 2 Balikpapan untuk membantu guru SMA mendapatkan kesimpulan dari data nilai siswa dengan cepat.
Review: Potensi Pengembangan Membran Polimer Hidrofilik untuk Produksi Biodiesel Berbasis Mikroalga
Authors: Lestari Widi Citra , Ningtiar Ellyzia Sukma , Irianto Mochammad Yusuf , Widiastuti Nurul
Published: March 2022

Harvesting microalgae is an important process to be carried out in the production of biodiesel from microalgae. The method of harvesting by filtration technique provides many advantages over other methods. Polymer is a membrane material that is often used for harvesting microalgae. However, polymer membranes have limited hydrophobic properties, thus, modification was needed to improve the hydrophilic properties and performance of polymer membranes. The polyvylene fluoride (PVDF) flat-sheet membrane has advantages over other membrane materials which are rated with a flux rate of 67.3 L / m2h and a rejection value of 100%. Then, the development with hollow fiber modulation on the PVDF membrane was considered very suitable, which was reported to have succeeded in increasing the membrane flux in the harvest of Scenedemus Acuminatus reaching up to 5136 L / m2h. The addition of PVDF with the inorganic additive LiCl was successful in increasing its hydrophilicity as  the water permeation size increased up to 542 L / m2h. In addition, the use of triethyl phosphate (TEP) as a solvent is more environmentally friendly and compatible with PVDF membranes. As a result, it can increase membrane porosity by up to 92.7%. Apart from improving the membrane material, this review also reports the design and economic analysis to produce an effective and efficient of polymeric membranes for microalgae harvesting.
Ketersediaan Lahan Pemakaman Saat Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus: Kota Surakarta Dengan Pemanfaatan Open Data)
Authors: Pradana Brian , Priambudi Bagus Nuari , Wijaya Muhammad Indra Hadi
Published: March 2022

Wabah Pandemi Covid-19 ini adalah sesuatu yang memiliki akibat yang sangat besar dan mengubah semua struktur kehidupan dimuka bumi ini, tidak terkecuali dengan lahan pemakaman. Lahan pemakaman menjadi sangat penting karena jumlah kematian karena adanya wabah pandemi Covid-19 ini terus naik sehingga ketersediaan lahan pemakaman tentunya menjadi hal yang harus dipikirkan. Bulan Januari 2021 Provinsi Jawa Tengah memiliki jumlah kematian ke-2 paling banyak di pulau jawa yaitu sebanyak 4.516 jiwa. Dalam penelitian ini akan mengambil studi kasus di Kota Surakarta karena tingkat kompleksitas permasalahan perkotaan dan jumlah kematian di Kota Surakarta akibat covid-19 yang masuk dalam 5 besar kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui ketersediaan lahan pemakaman saat pandemi Covid-19. Data yang akan digunakan akan menggunakan open data baik dari dari data satgas covid, google earth dan google maps API. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deduktif kualititatif dengan pendekatan SIG. Dari hasil analisis 9 lokasi lahan pemakaman didapatkan luas lahan pemakaman dalam penelitian ini adalah 517.473,82 m2. Ketersediaan lahan makam paling tinggi terdapat di Makam Mojo yaitu sebesar 17.962 makam, sedangkan untuk keterisian lahan makam tertinggi terdapat di TPU Bonoloyo yaitu sebesar 39.454,97 m2. Untuk ketersediaan makam saat pandemi Covid-19 per tanggal 10 Maret adalah 63.874 makam, sedangkan jika dibandingkan dengan usia rentan di Kota Surakarta maka jumlah ketersediaan makam menjadi (-) 4.844 makam. Pemanfaatan open data saat pandemi Covid-19 sangat membantu dari segi keterbaharuan dan keterbukaan data untuk menunjang analisis, namun tentunya diperlukan suatu uji akurasi didalamnya.
Analisis Tingkat Kekompakan Kota (Urban Compactness) terhadap Pembentukan dan Penerapan Konsep Kota Kompak di Kota Mataram
Authors: Nurdyas Yundi Wahyu , Hirsan Fariz Primadi , Ridha Rasyid
Published: March 2022

Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk di kota memberikan dampak kepada volume dan frekuensi dari kegiatan penduduk yang ada di dalam kota . Kota Mataram sebagai Pusat Kegiatan Nasional (PKN) memberikan dampak terhadap kondisi kemajuan dan keragaman kegiatan yang ada di Kota Mataram. Konsep “Compact City” dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam upaya merespon pertumbuhan penduduk bersamaan dengan kegiatan-kegiatannya yang terus meningkat baik dari volume maupun frekuensinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat kekompakan yang terjadi di Kota Mataram dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kekompakan tersebut. Variabel-Variabel penilaian untuk menilai tingkat kekompakan tersebut diklasifikasikan menggunakan metode klasifikasi Sturges. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kekompakan tersebut adalah dengan membandingkan definisi variabel Urban Compactness secara teoritis dengan kondisi aspek terkait di Kota Mataram. Hasil analisis menunjukkan Nilai Urban Compactness yang paling tinggi, yaitu Kelurahan Dasan Agung dengan Nilai Indeks 189,01 yang masuk dalam kategori “Sangat Tinggi”, Kelurahan Selagalas dengan Nilai Indeks 129,69 termasuk kategori “Agak Tinggi”, dan kelurahan lainya memiliki Nilai Urban Compactness yang lebih rendah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, Aspek Kepadatan merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kecenderungan Urban Compactness yang terjadi pada tiap–tiap kelurahan maupun Kota Mataram secara keseluruhan. Struktur Urban Compactness yang dianalisis dan terbentuk secara alami di Kota Mataram, perlu dikendalikan dan diarahkan agar sesuai dengan tujuan dan harapan diterapkannya Konsep Compact City pada sebuah kota. Perlu ada dorongan atau upaya meningkatkan peran terkait aspek Mixed Use dan Intensifikasi, sehingga dapat mengoptimalkan guna lahan di dalam Kota Mataram dan melindungi lahan-lahan di pinggiran kota Mataram.
"The Limits of Representative Democracy in Algeria".
Authors: BOUDJELAL OMAR.
Published: March 2022

There are many studies in the field of political science which have touched on the subject of the limits of representative democracy but most of these studies have not exceeded the abstract aspect of political representation as an idea. Thus, lies the importance of this study in its scientific aspect of being a new addition to the researches that relate to the Democracy in Algeria. In the practical sense, the study aims to interrogate the Algerian reality to highlight the shortcomings that limit the optimal application of representative democracy. This scientific methodology has been employed in this study "Functional Constructivism approach" to investigate the efficacy of the different structures that react with the process of political representation. The study concluded that the political, legal and cultural structures in the frame of overall social system suffer from many crises in terms of construction and function that lead to failure in the optimal application of representative democracy in Algeria.

keywords : representative democracy – structure – function.
حماية حقوق الإنسان في النظام العربي مقارنة بالنظام الأوروبي
Authors: زازة لخضر
Published: March 2022

ملخص:

لقد خطت الدول العربية خطوة كبيرة نحو تحقيق نظام عربي لحماية حقوق الإنسان من خلال إنشاء محكمة عربية لهذا الغرض. على الرغم من أن إنشاء مثل هذه الدورة جاء متأخراً جداً مقارنة بنظرائهم في النظم الإقليمية الأخرى ، إلا أن وثائق وصكوك حقوق الإنسان في الدول العربية ظهرت في وقت مبكر ومتكرر لكنها أدت إلى الفشل ولم يكن بالإمكان الإفراج عنها حتى بداية الألفية بنجاح في الموافقة الميثاق العربي لحقوق الإنسان وإنشاء اللجنة العربية لحقوق الإنسان وإنشاء المحكمة العربية لحقوق الإنسان في عام 2014. ومع ذلك ، هناك العديد من الانتقادات لهذا النظام مقارنة بالنظام الأوروبي لحقوق الإنسان ، وهو نموذج إجماعي لحماية حقوق الإنسان. الرجل بالسماح للأفراد بمواجهة الإجراءات القانونية أمام المحكمة ، والسماح للهيئات المتخصصة بممارسة مهامها على نطاق واسع. لذلك ، تبحث هذه المقالة في نظام حقوق الإنسان العربي من خلال تقديم هذه الوثائق والأدوات أولاً ، وتحقيق التوازن بين آلياته لضمان الامتثال لهذه الاتفاقيات والصكوك ، وكل ذلك في سياق فحص جانبي النظام الأوروبي لحقوق الإنسان من حيث الصكوك و آليات ، في شكل مقارنة بسيطة لمعرفة أين نحن النظام العربي مقارنة بالنظام الأوروبي. الكلمات المفتاحية: الإنسان ، الحقوق ، النظام العربي ، الحماية
التعددية وأزمة بناء الدولة الموريتانية
Authors: بون ولد باهي
Published: March 2022

الملخص:

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تقديم تصور حول التعددية وأزمة بناء الدولة في موريانيا، وذلك من خلال البحث في جذور الأزمة ومآلاتها. وتندرج هذه الدراسة في سياق حقل الدراسات المناطقية المعروفة في بعضالأدبيات، وتفترض بأن واقع التعددية أوقع الدولة الموريتانية في مشكلين، مشكل الهوية السياسية: هل دولة عربية ام إفريقية؟ ومشكل الهوية الاجتماعية: هل دولة الزنوج أم العرب؟ وبالتالي ترى بأن التعددية هي المسؤولة عن أزمة بناء الدولة، نظرا لخصوصية هذه التعددية. وهي كذلك تسهم في استمرار هيمنة الأحكام العسكرية، لكونها تضعف المجتمع وتقتل قواه الحية بسبب تحييد اهدافه عن المجال العام إلى ما هو شخصي وخاص، بل إن الواقع أثبت أنها وإن كانت تدافع عن قضايا محلية إلا انها مدعومة من قوى خارجية وهذا ما يزيد من خطورة انحرافها عن جادة الصواب. تخلص الدراسة إلى أن خطورة المجتمع القبلي كذلك لا تقل عن المجتمع الاثني، وذلك لما قد يتسبب فيه المجتمع القبلي من خطر لاشك انه سيكون محقق على مستقبل الدولة.

الكلمات المفتاحية: التعددية، التعددية الاثنية، القبيلة، القبلية، أزمة، دولة
افريقيا بين تعاظم حدة النزاعات الاثنية والسعي نحو تطبيق الديمقراطية
Authors: شوفي مريم
Published: March 2022

ملخص:        عرفت قضية النزاعات العرقية أهمية كبيرة على المستوى العالمي لتصبح واحدة من أهم قضايا السياسة العالمية بسبب الآثار المتزايدة لتدخل المنظمات الحكومية وغير الحكومية ، في هذه الحالة من خلال نشر القوات العسكرية في حالات العنف طويل المدى بين الجماعات العرقية وإنشاء محكمة خاصة بجرائم الحرب للتحقيق في انتهاكات قوانينها.         وفي نفس السياق ولأن إفريقيا تنتمي إلى النظام العالمي ولأنها الأكثر تأثراً بهذه الظاهرة القارة ، التي تعززت على أساس العوامل التاريخية كالاستمار ، وعوامل الأواني تتركز في مجملها على طبيعة النظم السياسية الإفريقية و أساليب التعامل السلبي مع القضية العرقية ، وبالتالي المساهمة في ظاهرة التيار وانتشارها على المستوى القاري وإعطاءها لأن القارة تحاول الوصول إلى صفوف الدول الديمقراطية التي تتبنى المظاهر تدل على أن السياسات والانتخابات كالتادة كوسيلة ل الانتقال السلمي للسلطة نتيجة للضغوط المحلية وغيرها من الضغوط الدولية ، ولكن استمرار التوترات العرقية كان له تأثير سلبي على حالة الأمن والاستقرار في البلدان الأفريقية. الكلمات المفتاحية: الصراعات العرقية ، الديمقراطية ، العوامل ، السياسة
Quantitative capacitance measurements in frequency modulation electrostatic force microscopy
Authors: Fukuzawa Ryota , Liang Jianbo , Shigekawa Naoteru , Takahashi Takuji
Published: March 2022

We have proposed a method for quantitative capacitance measurements using frequency modulation electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) with a dual bias modulation method and demonstrated it on n- and p-type Si samples. First, we theoretically derived a conversion formula from a frequency shift of cantilever resonance in EFM into a capacitance value based on the parallel plate capacitor model, by which a pair of an EFM tip and a semiconductor sample is expected to be equivalently represented. Then the capacitance measurements were experimentally conducted on the n- and p-type Si substrates, and the acquired capacitance–voltage curves indicated that the obtained capacitance values were consistent with the expected ones and that the carrier densities evaluated from the depletion capacitances were also in good agreement with those evaluated by the conventional Hall effect measurements. From those results, the validity of our quantitative evaluation method has been well confirmed.
Temperature sensitivity of BODIPY dye (pyrromethene 597) over different linear organic solvents
Authors: Jain Puneet , Motosuke Masahiro
Published: March 2022

Fluorescence anisotropy, which has been conventionally used to study the folding states of proteins or molecular binding, is exploited as a liquid temperature diagnostic tool in this study. In the present work, temperature sensitivity of fluorophore; pyrromethene 597; in various organic solvents, namely methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butanol, and pentanol, has been studied. These solvents are selected as they all have a difference of one –CH3 group, as one goes from methanol to pentanol. Temperature sensitivity is calculated by measuring the temperature dependence of fluorescence anisotropy. It has been found that pyrromethene 597 shows high temperature sensitivity in ethanol and isopropyl alcohol which is more than ten times larger than the other solution. In both solutions, temperature coefficients are positive, while the others are negative.
Analysis and optimization of the photothermal properties of Au nanoshells and nanospheroids
Authors: Abulaiti Remilai , Tuersun Paerhatijiang , Zheng Yuxia , Cheng Long , Ma Dengpan
Published: March 2022

The investigations on the photothermal properties of nanoparticles present the following two problems. Firstly, approximate models and theories are used to calculate the optical properties of nanoparticles. Secondly, the optimal size parameters of the nanoparticles that correspond to the best photothermal properties are not given. To solve the above-mentioned problems, the effects of the light wavelength and the particle size on the photothermal properties of Au nanoshells and nanospheroids were analyzed by using the time-dependent heat transfer equation and the accurate light scattering theory (Mie theory and T-matrix). The maximum steady-state temperature changes at four different typical wavelengths (800 nm, 808 nm, 820 nm, and 1064 nm) in the near-infrared region and the corresponding optimal particle sizes were obtained. The optimized Au nanoparticles can be used as an ideal heat source in photothermal therapy.
Wildlife status and ecotourism potentials of Lekki Conservation Centre, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors:   Nigerian Conservation Foundation, Km 19, Lekki-Epe expressway, Lagos, Nigeria, Ekpah Ojonugwa
Published: March 2022

Abstract Purpose: Information about the status of wildlife in Lekki Conservation Centre (LCC) which is required for biodiversity policy-making is lacking. Methods: Day foot patrol to monitor wildlife in LCC was carried out and the wildlife species present were identified from January to December 2020. Data of animals sighted in the patrol and by the tourists were compared with records of animals sighted from March to July 2010 as recorded in the Protection Report Diary. Results: The findings indicated a decline in the population of squirrel (Heliosciurus gambianus) and bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus). Limitation: A list of fauna in LCC forest is provided as a result of the foot patrol although, some parts of the forest were inaccessible. Contribution: The perception of ecotourists is highlighted which can serve as feedback about their experience with the resources useful for biodiversity policy. Conclusion: Species diversity in the Protection Report Diary (in 2010) was higher compared to the total number of wildlife species sighted by visitors (in 2021) and during the patrol (in 2020) indicating that some wildlife species in LCC declined within 10years.
Digital Marketing Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Melalui Media Sosial
Authors:   Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, kota tangerang, Abbas Dirvi Surya , Eksandy Arry ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, kota tangerang, Mulyadi Mulyadi ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, kota tangerang, Hidayat Imam ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, kota tangerang, Sari Riski Ulan ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, kota tangerang
Published: March 2022

Abstract Purpose : To begin, raise customer knowledge of their preferences for convenience and simplicity of access to product/service information. Method : It comprises, namely, of first socializing consumer demands in order to have easy access to knowledge about products/services. Second, offering information about market circumstances and client demand to individuals who wish to locate the existence of the desired product online more successfully. Result : First, learn more about what customers desire in terms of comfort and simplicity of access to product/service information. Second, grasp market circumstances in terms of customer wants for being more effective in locating the presence of the items they are seeking for online. Third, the capacity to apply information about the desires of customers who want to connect with brands/brands and items online to various MSME actors. Conclusion: Business players in Pasarkemis District, Tangerang Regency may comprehend the relevance of digital marketing for small and medium-sized firms through social media in the operations of their corporate units by offering complete socialization