bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Полемика о кириллической транскрипции китайских слов и наименований в свете обыденной лингвистики (на материале русскоязычной сетевой коммуникации и интернет-публикаций)
Authors: Орлова Ольга Вячеславовна
Published: August 2022

В статье на материале сетевой коммуникации русскоязычного сообщества Китая и интернет-публикаций анализируются дискуссии непрофессиональных, полупрофессиональных и профессиональных китаистов о правильной записи китайских слов в русской письменной речи. В теоретической части статьи кратко охарактеризованы подходы к проблеме письменной фиксации китайского слова в русском и других славянских языках с кириллическим алфавитом, а также проводится краткий экскурс в историю вопроса о русской и китайской лексике в употреблении рядовых носителей языка-партнера. В собственно исследовательской части статьи как одна из основных дискуссионных тем русскоязычных «китаеориентированных» чатов и публикаций рассматривается полемика о достоинствах и недостатках палладицы – разработанной в XIX в. общепринятой системе передачи наименований китайского языка средствами кириллицы. Доказывается, что обыденному метаязыковому сознанию присущ стереотип об излишней сложности системы Палладия, а также о ее неспособности адекватно отражать звуковой строй современной китайской речи путунхуа, что порождает призывы к разработке новой, более адекватной транскрипционной системы. На данные претензии со стороны народной лингвистики научная лингвистика в лице авторитетных представителей сетевого комьюнити реагирует с позиций просвещения и аргументирует оптимальность системы Палладия в условиях принципиальной невозможности создания точной и правильной системы китайско-русской транскрипции, что обусловлено кардинальными различиями двух фонетических систем.
Difficulties of novice students in solving the final concentration value of a mixture of solutions
Authors: Vaccaro Elvira , Stella Carlos , Alonso Manuel
Published: August 2022

In this paper, we investigated and classified the answers of college freshmen when asked about “the final concentration value of a mixture of solutions ”. Prior to the explanation of the topic in class, a diagnostic questionnaire on “solutions” was presented to 532 first year students in the chemistry course at the University of Buenos Aires. The questionnaire consisted of three questions assessing the same concept: the calculation of the final concentration of a solution obtained mixing a concentrated and a dilute solution of the same solute. The format of the three questions was multiple choice answer with justification, but they differed in their chemical language style: chemical formulas, verbal-procedural, and visual languages were used. It was noted a trend to apply mathematical calculations, when chemical problems are addressed, even when such calculations are not necessary. Thus, obtaining a numerical result would be considered appropriate by the students, with no analysis of the significance of the value obtained. Nevertheless, question which uses visual language was answered correctly by a greater number of students. This would allow inferring that the use of this language brings students closer to a better understanding of the situation.
Exploring procedure-based management reasoning: a case of tension pneumothorax
Authors: Singaraju Raj C. , Durning Steven J. , Battista Alexis , Konopasky Abigail
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Management reasoning has not been widely explored but likely requires broader abilities than diagnostic reasoning. An enhanced understanding of management reasoning could improve medical education and patient care. We conducted a novel exploratory study to gain further insights into procedure-based management reasoning.

Methods

Participant physicians managed a simulated patient who acutely decompensates in a team-based, time-pressured, live scenario. Immediately following the scenario, physicians perform a think-aloud protocol by watching video recordings of their performance and narrating their reflections in real-time. Verbatim transcripts of the think-aloud protocol were inductively coded using a constant comparative method and evaluated for themes.

Results

We recruited 19 physicians (15 internal medicine, one family medicine, and three general surgery) for this study. Recognizing that diagnostic and management reasoning intertwine, this paper focuses on management reasoning’s characteristics. We developed three categories of management reasoning factors with eight subthemes. These are Patient factors: Acuity and Preferences; Physician factors: Recognized Errors, Anxiety, Metacognition, Monitoring, and Threshold to Treat; and one Environment factor: Resources.

Conclusions

Our findings on procedure-based management reasoning are consistent with Situation Awareness and Situated Cognition models and the extant work on management reasoning, demonstrating that management is inherently complex and contextually bound. Unique to this study, all physicians focused on prognosis, indicating that attaining competency in procedural management may require planning and prediction abilities. Physicians also expressed concerns about making mistakes, potentially resulting from the scenario’s emphasis on a procedure and our physicians’ having less expertise in the treatment of tension pneumothorax.
Comparing Private Enforcement of EU Competition and Data Protection Law
Authors: Wurmnest Wolfgang , Gömann Merlin
Published: August 2022

Compared to art 82(1) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which since 2018 grants data subjects a claim for damages resulting from the infringement of European data protection law, private enforcement of European competition law looks back on a much longer history. Thus, its concepts and learnings may serve as a model for data protection law. However, any potential transfer from one area to the other must be carefully weighed, as both the factual circumstances and the underlying regulatory framework differ. Against this background, this paper aims at identifying important similarities and differences between the private enforcement of European competition and data protection law. Amongst others, it reaches the conclusion that both fields of law – although for different reasons – share a comparably high level of Europeanisation and that the primary aims of private enforcement generally align. In addition, potential for spill-over effects from the area of competition to data protection law is identified, namely with regard to causation and the European concept of undertaking.
Grammatically relevant aspects of meaning and verbal polysemy
Authors: McNally Louise , Spalek Alexandra Anna
Published: August 2022

The debate over the relation between grammatically relevant (specifically, what we termevent referential) and idiosyncratic aspects of verb meaning has produced a considerable literature. Some authors, such as Levin and Rappaport Hovav, have appealed to figurative uses of verbs as a source of data when the analysis of their literal uses has been controversial, a move that has sometimes been criticized. However, the question of whether figurative uses of verbs preserve the event referential properties of their literal counterparts and are therefore a valid source of data has not, to our knowledge, been systematically explored. We offer two detailed cross-linguistic case studies of Spanish and English verbs to provide an argument that figurative verb uses indeed are a reliable source of evidence for identifying event referential components of meaning: In each case study we find clear evidence for the preservation of these components across uses, indicating that these aspects of meaning both constrain and facilitate figurative uses of verbs.
Effect of welding current on properties of activated gas tungsten arc super duplex stainless steel welds
Authors: Kumaresan Aditya , Sundar Akash , Annamalai Ashwin , Ramesh Gautam , Chandaragiri Baskar Sekar , Ramachandran Damodaram , Sajja Rama Koteswara Rao
Published: August 2022

A comparative evaluation of the influence of welding current on Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding and Activated Tungsten Inert Gas (ATIG) welding on the depth of penetration and microstructure properties was performed. Various super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) beads on plate weld joints were studied. Visual observation showed that lower welding current resulted in partial weld penetration in the case of both TIG and ATIG weldments. Weld joints obtained by the ATIG process have a higher depth of penetration and depth/width ratios than weld joints obtained in the conventional TIG process at comparatively lower welding currents. Further, microstructural characterizations were performed using optical microscopy. The weld zone microstructure consists of grain boundary austenite (GBA), widmanstätten austenite (WA) and intragranular austenite (IGA). Ferrite percentage in bulk material and each weldment was measured using ferrite scope. The TIG-welded heat affected zone (HAZ) joints showed higher ferrite content than activated flux TIG-welded HAZ joints for various welding current conditions. Ferrite content measured in the weld-zone, HAZ and base material was within the ranges of the standard values. The TIG weld zone showed higher hardness than that of the ATIG weld zone.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 304/DUROSTAT 500 steel double-sided TIG welds
Authors: Teker Tanju , Günes Ahmet
Published: August 2022

In this study, AISI 304 stainless steel and DUROSTAT 500 steel are combined using TIG double-sided arc welding. Microstructural differences of welded joints were researched by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), an optical microscope, and electron backscattered diffraction. Mechanical properties of welded joints were investigated by microhardness, notch impact, and tensile tests. In addition, fracture surface morphology was evaluated using a SEM. The current power had a major impress on bead and hourglass shape. Maximum tensile resistance (677 MPa) was achieved at a welding time of 0.21 (m·min−1) at 460 (A) current, and the impact energy (116 J) was obtained. The weld metal consisted 41 wt% cementite, 25 wt% chromium carbide, 20 wt% martensite, and 14 wt% tetrataenite phases. With the increase in the current voltage, both bead and penetration sizes increased.
Preserving the Distributed Fragments of Cultural Heritage: Need for Building a Sustainable Information System in India
Authors: Gireesh Kumar T. K.
Published: August 2022

Cultural heritage is an intrinsic segment of the life of the individual who is connected to it and is inherited from one generation to the other. Every heritage item embeds knowledge in historical, cultural, social, scientific, spiritual, and technological forms. Creating a digital database for discovery and expression of cultural heritage plays a significant role in enhancing its visibility and ensuring long-term sustainability. Many of the natural and cultural heritage items in India which are substantially rich in their content are not identified and documented, which consequently lose their social, cultural, historic, and economic utilities. The present study highlights the potential of developing a single-window comprehensive Cultural Heritage Information System (CHIS) to efficiently preserve, document, and manage the cultural heritage assets of the country. This also examines the prerequisites, issues, and challenges which can hinder its sustainable development. It is perceived from the study that there is no such integrated single-window national-level digital platform that prevails in the country to perform the cultural heritage documentation. The study points up the need of constructive efforts, both at individual and institutional levels in India, to ameliorate the situation to safeguard and promote the cultural heritage of the country. The information system developed can act as a unique source of reference and an extensive guide for researchers from different disciplines, tourists as well conservation activists.
A study of generalized hypergeometric Matrix functions via two-parameter Mittag–Leffler matrix function
Authors: Jain Shilpi , Goyal Rahul , Oros Georgia Irina , Agarwal Praveen , Momani Shaher
Published: August 2022

The main aim of this article is to study a new generalizations of the Gauss hypergeometric matrix and confluent hypergeometric matrix functions by using two-parameter Mittag–Leffler matrix function. In particular, we investigate certain important properties of these extended matrix functions such as integral representations, differentiation formulas, beta matrix transform, and Laplace transform. Furthermore, we introduce an extension of the Jacobi matrix orthogonal polynomial by using our generalized Gauss hypergeometric matrix function, which is very important in scattering theory and inverse scattering theory.
MTHFR C667T polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy susceptibility in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An updated meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Lan Lejian
Published: August 2022

Background

Numerous studies indicated that there exists a relationship between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C667T polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy (DN) susceptibility; nonetheless, available proof reported from individual studies has not been consistent, so we performed an updated meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between MTHFR C667T variant and DN.

Materials and methods

Relevant studies published before February 2022 were searched from the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Chinese Biology Medicine and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure. The strength of the association was examined by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

The findings illustrated that there was a significant relationship between the polymorphism of C677T and DN compared with that to DM controls in allele (OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.39–1.82), dominant (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.47–2.11) and recessive (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.56–2.20) models in all populations. Moreover, as compared with the healthy controls, a significant relationship between C677T and DN was found in three genetic comparison models (allele: OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.43–2.29; dominant: OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.54–2.85; recessive: OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.51–2.70). Furthermore, stratifying data by race, diabetes duration and whether in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium revealed substantially augmented vulnerability to DN in all subgroups.

Conclusion

The current meta-analysis highlighted conclusive results for the robust association between C677T polymorphisms and DN susceptibility.
Analysis of multiple impact tests’ damage to three-dimensional four-directional braided composites
Authors: Yan Shi , Chen Xixi , Zhao Yun
Published: August 2022

This article was designed with a plurality of impact tests of three-dimensional four-directional braided composites, and the impact response of specimen impacted by a circular punch was studied. Ultrasonic C-scanning was used to detect the internal damage area to study the damage propagation process under multiple impact loads. The finite-element software ABAQUS was used to model the meso-structure of three-dimensional four-directional braided composites. Based on material characteristics, the three-dimensional Hashin damage criterion was used for the fiber bundle, and the maximum stress criterion was used for the matrix to judge the material damage. Combined with test and simulation results, the failure mode and damage evolution process of the specimen under multiple impact loads were studied. The results showed that the impact resistance of the three-dimensional woven composite material is affected by the braided angle. The larger the braided angle of the specimen, the better the impact resistance. The damaged area of the large braided angle material expanded to the periphery, and the damaged area of the small braided angle material was primarily developed in the longitudinal direction. The failure modes of the specimen during the impact process were primarily a longitudinal tensile failure of fiber bundles, transverse tensile failure and transverse compression failure of fiber bundles and matrix.
Introduction Providence and Circumstance, Reverence and Deference: Preliminary Remarks on ‘Kinship’, ‘Patronage’, ‘Power’ and Conditions of Opportunity
Authors: Götzelt Thomas
Published: August 2022

This preliminary overview aims primarily to make plausible that kinship is an attribution, that is, that it is tied to observations as uses of distinctions. However, observation is contingent, not arbitrary, and it both requires and generates ontologies on a case-by-case basis. The claim that kinship is resolvable into ‘relatedness’ runs into this very impasse of the notion of indifferent arbitrariness. For if kinship were indeed merely a synonym for relatedness, i. e., for inclusions, the question would arise as to what is excluded and what is not excluded concerning which arrangement. However, if one follows the suggestion made here that kinship is a medium of communication in which forms, i. e., distinctions, can be inscribed, one can turn to the classical functionalist question of how these forms have been deployed culturally and across social-evolutionary ruptures, and perhaps functionally equivalently. If it is the case that kinship is based on distinctions, the question of their respective social environments also becomes interesting for the observers of these observations. Therefore, the sketch also refers to attributions and contextures as conditions of the possibility of distinctions in this case. Thus, patronage can be brought into play as a phenomenon in the environment of kinship. As a hypothesis, it is formulated that patronage parasitically participates in the genealogical and functional forms of differentiation of pre-modern and modern societies, respectively.
From Clan to Clientelism and Beyond. Changing Elitist Social Networks and Discourses in Premodern China
Authors: Meyer Christian
Published: August 2022

Ideals about clan (zu 族) have been an essential ingredient in Chinese conceptions of social order since antiquity. It was grounded on a feudal familybased model. However, the change from an ancient feudal to a bureaucratic system implied major changes. In this article I provide a historical overview with a focus on the Northern Song dynasty (960–1126 AD), showing that strong ideas of familialism or clanism were in fact never skipped in pre-modern China but inherited and continuously propagated by Confucianism – including such well-known elements as common ancestor worship. Rather complementing than replacing this family-based model, the later introduction of the civil service system on the political level led to a new clientelism. Furthermore, Confucianism as the hegemonic ideology of imperial China not only extended family-based ideas to a new universalism but also strongly propagated ideas of a common good and impartiality as a corrective to career and family-oriented egoism. In summary, I argue that as a result of a long process of negotiations, Chinese familialism (clanism) as an ideal of basic social structure, the ideal of impartiality and concern for the common good (gong 公) as well as clientelism in the bureaucratic system have coexisted in imperial China for a long time and have produced a particular (path-dependent) blend (and ‘division of labor’) of socio-cultural patterns.
Wortbildung in der Interaktion
Authors: Stumpf Sören
Published: August 2022

Usage-based studies of word formation usually focus on written and monologic texts. In contrast, this paper argues for the investigation of word formation in (oral) interaction. By discussing the current state of research on word formation in spoken German and by analyzing a corpus of different genres (e. g. face-to-face everyday conversation, WhatsApp communication), the interactional potential and relevance of word formation in dialogic communication will be exemplified and outlined. The focus is on case studies of different functions of word formation, e. g. specification and differentiation or word play through word formation.
Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lee Hee Seung
Published: August 2022

Cholangiocarcinoma consists of a heterogeneous group of aggressive and rare malignancies that arise from the bile ducts outside or inside the liver. Although surgical resection remains the only potential curative treatment option for patients with cholangiocarcinoma, curative surgery is only possible in a small number of cases. Furthermore, recurrence rates are high even among patients who undergo surgical resection. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients present with locally advanced, unresectable disease. Recently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has emerged as a promising method to identify patients with poor prognosis, avoiding pathological and non-therapeutic resection, as well as potentially downstaging tumors which cannot be resected initially. This therapeutic strategy has the potential to improve local and distant control, to achieve R0 resection and to prevent distant metastasis. However, few data are currently available supporting neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cholangiocarcinoma and several questions remains unanswered. Adjuvant chemotherapy is administered after surgery to eradicate any remaining cancer cells with the goal of reducing the chances of recurrence. And chemotherapy is also frequently used in cholangiocarcinoma as an adjunct to surgical resection, but the appropriate sequence of chemotherapy with surgery is unclear.
Complications of the surgical treatment of fractures of the tibial plateau: prevalence, causes, and management
Authors: Gálvez-Sirvent Elena , Ibarzábal-Gil Aitor , Rodríguez-Merchán E Carlos
Published: August 2022

Open reduction and internal fixation is the gold standard treatment for tibial plateau fractures. However, the procedure is not free of complications such as knee stiffness, acute infection, chronic infection (osteomyelitis), malunion, non-union, and post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

The treatment options for knee stiffness are mobilisation under anaesthesia (MUA) when the duration is less than 3 months, arthroscopic release when the duration is between 3 and 6 months, and open release for refractory cases or cases lasting more than 6 months. Early arthroscopic release can be associated with MUA.

Regarding treatment of acute infection, if the fracture has healed, the hardware can be removed, and lavage and debridement can be performed along with antibiotic therapy. If the fracture has not healed, the hardware is retained, and lavage, debridement, and antibiotic therapy are performed (sometimes more than once until the fracture heals). Fracture stability is important not only for healing but also for resolving the infection.

In cases of osteomyelitis, treatment should be performed in stages: aggressive debridement of devitalised tissue and bone, antibiotic spacing and temporary external fixation until the infection is resolved (first stage), followed by definitive surgery with grafting or soft tissue coverage depending on the bone defect (second stage).

Intra-articular or extra-articular osteotomy is a good option to correct malunion in young, active patients without significant joint damage. When malunion is associated with extensive joint involvement or the initial cartilage damage has resulted in knee osteoarthritis, the surgical option is total knee arthroplasty.
Give Me a Shot of Holy Water: Critical Elements in Myocardial Protection during Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Tribble Curt , Teman Nicholas
Published: August 2022

There is a surprising paucity of information on myocardial protection during cardiac surgery in the popular techniques books on cardiac surgery. For instance, Khonsari’s otherwise superb book, Cardiac Surgery: Safeguards and Pitfalls in Operative Technique, has only three of its 300 pages that address myocardial protection, while Cooley’s book, Techniques in Cardiac Surgery, has none at all. Similarly, the major textbooks of cardiothoracic surgery (Kirklin & Barrett-Boyes, Sabiston & Spencer, and Cohn & Edmunds) all tend to dwell on basic science and pharmacology, while barely addressing the actual techniques and strategies of myocardial protection during cardiac surgical operations. [Khonsari, Cooley, Kouchoukos, Selke, Cohn]
Modern hydroacoustic methods for studying the bottom relief and bottom sediments of the Dnieper River: ways of using it in the exploration and development of river sand deposits
Authors: FEDOSEIENKOV S.H. , SHUNDEL A.I. , NEVIEROVA S.I. , NESTERENKO L.V.
Published: August 2022

The difficult state of the economy of the state entailed a practical lack of funding for geological survey, prospecting work, a comprehensive geological study of the territory of Ukraine, natural and anthropogenic changes in the geological environment in the mode of its constant monitoring; the rates and volumes of reproduction of its own mineral resource base do not meet the needs of the country. Reforming the geological industry to ensure the effective functioning of institutions in the field of subsoil use and environmental protection is an extremely important task; proper provision of state control over subsoil use processes. The development of modern hydroacoustic methods for studying the bottom topography and bottom sediments of the Azov-Black Sea basin in order to search and assess the state of deposits of nonmetallic minerals, protect the environment will improve a specialized hydroacoustic complex (hydroacoustic tools, algorithms and software) for performing survey work, allowing the collection of ground maps and sections of bottom soil without taking samples, and to detect objects in the bottom layer of the water column.
Test-to-Stay Implementation in 4 Pre–K-12 School Districts
Authors: Lammie Samantha L. , Ford Laura , Swanson Megan , Guinn Angie S. , Kamitani Emiko , van Zyl André , Rose Charles E. , Marynak Kristy , Shields Jamila , Donovan Catherine V. , Holman Emily J. , Mark-Carew Miguella , Welton Michael , Thomas Ebony S. , Neatherlin John C. ,   state and local partners group
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES

Globally, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected how children learn. We evaluated the impact of Test to Stay (TTS) on secondary and tertiary transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and potential impact on in-person learning in 4 school districts in the United States from September 13 to November 19, 2021.

METHODS

Implementation of TTS varied across school districts. Data on index cases, school-based close contacts, TTS participation, and testing results were obtained from 4 school districts in diverse geographic regions. Descriptive statistics, secondary and tertiary attack risk, and a theoretical estimate of impact on in-person learning were calculated.

RESULTS

Fifty-one schools in 4 school districts reported 374 coronavirus disease COVID-19 index cases and 2520 school-based close contacts eligible for TTS. The proportion participating in TTS ranged from 22% to 79%. By district, the secondary attack risk and tertiary attack risk among TTS participants ranged between 2.2% to 11.1% and 0% to 17.6%, respectively. Nine clusters were identified among secondary cases and 2 among tertiary cases. The theoretical maximum number of days of in-person learning saved by using TTS was 976 to 4650 days across jurisdictions.

CONCLUSIONS

TTS preserves in-person learning. Decisions to participate in TTS may have been influenced by ease of access to testing, communication between schools and families, testing logistics, and school resources. Tertiary attack risk determination became more complicated when numbers of close contacts increased. Minimizing exposure through continued layered prevention strategies is imperative. To ensure adequate resources for TTS, community transmission levels should be considered.
Patogenicidad de hongos asociados a plantas de fresa (Fragaria ananassa) y descripción ultraestructural del patosistema
Authors: Granados Montero Milagro , Zúñiga Castañeda Mariam , Chaverri Echandi Priscila , Escudero Leyva Efraín , Mardones Hidalgo Melissa
Published: August 2022

Introducción. El cultivo de fresa (Fragaria ananassa) es importante en Costa Rica por su alta demanda como fruta fresca y para elaboración de mermeladas. En 2015 empezaron reportes de muerte de plantas, presumiblemente, asociada a complejos de hongos habitantes en el suelo. Los síntomas eran enrojecimiento y necrosis de hojas, coronas, raíce y luego, el desplome de las plantas. Con pérdidas hasta del 90% en plantaciones nuevas. Objetivo. Determinar la patogenicidad de hongos asociados a plantas de fresa enfermas y describir la micro morfología del patosistema. Materiales y métodos. Se colectaron plantas enfermas variedad Festival, y se realizaron aislamientos a partir de corona y raíz. Se clasificaron los morfotipos recuperados, se eligieron 3 para secuenciación del espaciador interno transcrito del ADN nuclear ribosomal (nrDNA ITS por sus siglas en inglés) y ejecución de los Postulados de Koch, con 3,5 x 105 conidios/ml inoculados en gránulos de alfalfa. Las plantas se mantuvieron 19 semanas en ambiente protegido. Luego, se realizó el reaislamiento y la secuenciación de los hongos inoculados y se describió el patosistema por medio de microscopía electrónica de barrido. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 10 aislamientos de  hongos de corona y 22 de raíz, que se clasificaron en 9 morfotipos. Se eligieron 3 que de acuerdo con el ITS, se ubicaron en las unidades  taxonómicas operativas Fusarium oxysporum, Neonectria/Dactylonectria y Sydowia polyspora. Se registró 100% de incidencia en todas las plantas inoculadas y los síntomas coincidieron con los de campo, mientras que el testigo permaneció sano. Los porcentajes de similitud de las secuencias de ITS de los hongos aislados de plantas enfermas provenientes de campo y de los hongos recuperados de la prueba de patogenicidad, fueron > 99%. A nivel ultraestructural se observó que las raíces pierden la epidermis y son colonizadas por los hongos. Conclusión. Los hongos inoculados fueron patogénicos a plantas de fresa variedad Festival; además, tuvieron la capacidad de dañar la epidermis radical y multiplicarse internamente.
Crotalaria spectabilis Roth como cobertura en café (Coffea arabica L) para el manejo de malezas
Authors: Gómez Gómez Robin , Cháves Sánchez Eric , González Lutz María Isabel
Published: August 2022

Introducción. El establecimiento de cultivos de cobertura como Crotalaria spectabilis es una práctica agroecológica con múltiples beneficios agronómicos y ambientales. Objetivos. Evaluar el efecto de 3 métodos de siembra de C. spectabilis en café en el control de malezas, acúmulo de nitrógeno y fijación de carbono. Además, determinar el periodo de espera entre el control de malezas y la siembra de C. spectabilis, y la tolerancia de C. spectabilis a herbicidas post emergentes. Materiales y métodos. El primer experimento se realizó en Orosi, Costa Rica, en el 2017. C. spectabilis fue sembrada mediante 3 métodos en medio de las hileras de siembra del café. El segundo experimento se realizó en un invernadero en Alajuela, en el 2018. Se aplicó glifosato, glufosinato de amonio y diquat sobre potes llenos con suelo. Luego de 0, 4 y 8 días se sembró C. spectabilis con y sin cobertura de suelo. En el tercer experimento se sembraron en potes semillas de C. spectabilis; cuando las plantas tenían 2, 3 y 4 hojas verdaderas se aplicó fluazifop-p-butil, cletodim y bentazona, asimismo las mezclas fluazifop-p-butil + bentazona y cletodim + bentazona. Resultados. En Orosi, todos los tratamientos lograron una reducción de cobertura de malezas menor al 26%, en comparación con el testigo. La tasa de crecimiento relativo de C. spectabilis fue baja y similar en las 3 metodologías de siembra. La acumulación de nitrógeno y la absorción de CO2 fue mayor en el tratamiento de hileras tapadas (81,46 kg.ha-1 N y 6,20 t.ha-1 CO2, respectivamente). En invernadero, no se observó un efecto negativo de ningún herbicida sobre la germinación ni el crecimiento de C. spectabilis. Conclusión. Debido a la competencia con las malezas, no fue posible establecer C. spectabilis como cobertura en café, sin embargo el uso de los herbicidas evaluados en invernadero permitieron controlar las malezas.
ANÁLISE DE EXPORTAÇÃO DE VINHO EM 2020: O CASO DO VALE DO RIO SÃO FRANCISCO
Authors: Gomes de Farias Janilton
Published: August 2022

A região do Vale do São Francisco, especificamente nos estados de Pernambuco e Bahia, regiões com climas não tradicionais para a elaboração de vinhos, vem exportando uma grande variedade de vinho para diversos países no mundo há algumas décadas, nesse sentido, desenvolveu-se uma demanda pelos vinhos produzidos na região ao longo dos anos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a cultura vinícola do Vale do São Francisco destacando o potencial produtivo e os impactos sofridos nas exportações em decorrência da pandemia do Covid-19. Assim foi elaborado um referencial teórico que serviu de embasamento para o objetivo proposto. Para buscar respostas frente a esse objetivo, utilizou-se um tipo de pesquisa descritiva com uma abordagem qualitativa, ao qual focou coletar informações sobre o setor analisado por meio da coleta de dados secundários. Logo depois buscou-se analisar todas essas informações coletadas desde a capacidade produtiva ao histórico das exportações para que fosse possível comparar com o ano de 2020. Chegando a conclusão que não houve impactos diretos nas exportações de vinho do Vale do São Francisco por influência do Covid-19.
HOMICÍDIOS NO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE E SUA RELAÇÃO COM A PANDEMIA DO COVID-19.
Authors: Castro Celia , Holanda Fabiane , Carvalho Joadson , Barbosa José , Gomes Anna
Published: August 2022

O estudo tem como objetivo analisar os homicídios no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, no período da Pandemia da Covid-19.Utiliza-se para tal os dados dos seguintes órgãos: Secretaria de Estado da Segurança Pública e da Defesa Social do Rio Grande do Norte (Sesed), Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Saúde (LAIS) e Instituto de Pesquisa Observatório da Violência (OBVIO). Com base nas informações coletadas observa-se que no estado do Rio Grande do Norte o número de assassinatos está crescendo em níveis superiores à evolução da população, que o número de homicídios regride com as medidas iniciais de isolamento e volta a aumentar com o relaxamento das medidas e que existe uma tendência ascendente entre as taxas de isolamento social e de homicídios. Relacionando 2019 a 2020 tem-se um aumento da quantidade de homicídios com a pandemia, sobretudo o homicídio doloso, sendo o maior número de mortes referente ao uso de armas de fogo e as principais vítimas crianças de 0 a 11 anos e idosos. Houve uma redução dos casos de feminicídio e mortes por intervenção policial. Os resultados evidenciaram que, com a pandemia, tem-se um efeito direto no número de homicídios. Considera-se os que este resultado tem relação direta com o distanciamento social, a elevação dos números de desempregados e a retração econômica das famílias.
GERAÇÃO DE NEGÓCIOS ATRAVÉS DA ANÁLISE DE DADOS EM FUNÇÃO DAS NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS PARA INOVAÇÃO ABERTA
Authors: Falcão Reginaldo Araújo
Published: August 2022

A qualquer momento e principalmente nas crises econômicas, as organizações devem ter como uma das preocupações, e de forma continuada, a melhoria e ampliação de seus serviços para sempre se manter competitiva no mercado. Com esse objetivo, esse artigo apresentará uma revisão de literatura para apresentar as tecnologias Dados Abertos, Inovação Aberta, Dados Abertos Governamentais e Modelo de Negócio Canvas, as quais permitem as organizações criar possibilidades que objetivem a implementação das melhorias, ampliações e até criação de novos negócios. Também, será apresentado alguns dados, casos e resultados ocorridos em organizações a nível mundial, quando se utilizou as tecnologias Inovação Aberta e Dados Abertos.
PRODUÇÃO E EXPORTAÇÃO DE FRUTAS TROPICAIS: UMA REVISÃO SOBRE AS COMMODITIES DO AGRONEGÓCIO POTIGUAR
Authors: Teixeira Genival Jardel Trajano , Silva Richeliel Albert Rodrigues
Published: August 2022

Esta revisão bibliográfica apresenta a relação entre o produção e exportação de frutas tropicais, nas escalas mundial, nacional e regional, com destaque para região Nordeste. Nas últimas décadas ocorreram grandes avanços no agronegócio, principalmente no setor da fruticultura, que tem sido beneficiado com os avanços tecnológicos, logísticos e econômicos, gerando resultados significativos na balança comercial brasileira, especialmente nos estados exportadores. A China, Índia e o Brasil são considerados os três principais exportadores de frutas do mundo, porém as exportações de frutas pelo Brasil ainda são inexpressivas no mercado internacional, correspondendo a 2% do comercio global do setor. A região Nordeste do Brasil apresenta as condições climáticas ideais, além de grandes extensões de terras para o cultivo de espécies frutíferas tropicais. Destaca-se como os principais produtores dessa região, os estados da Bahia, Ceará, Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Norte. Apesar da elevada produção e exportação de frutas tropicais, principalmente na região Nordeste, esses percentuais ainda são baixos no âmbito internacional. Finalmente, novas estratégias para aberturas comerciais são necessárias, além de políticas públicas mais efetivas no setor.
Traffic rate forecasting inaccuracy influence on road construction and reconstruction projects' economic efficiency
Authors: Mikryukov Konstantin
Published: August 2022

Timeliness. Today financing road development and maintenance is one of the defining issues in ensuring the economic growth of any country since investments in road infrastructure are strategic. There is no doubt that only with the adequate quality road infrastructure, the state can fully use its export and logistics potential. Special significance in the light of the indicated factors gets an effective toolkit for evaluating investment projects for the construction of new and reconstruction of existing roads. This issue acquires critical importance when it comes to the use of budgetary subsidies. The subsidies' cost-effectiveness is known to be influenced by a wide range of factors and various determinants. In this regard, the study's purpose is to consider methods to assess the impact of inaccurate traffic forecasting on the economic efficiency of subsidies. Study's methodological framework. To achieve this goal, a wide range of scientific knowledge tools was used, namely: comparative analysis, deduction, and induction, modeling, forecasting, generalization, systematization. Results. The article describes in detail and highlights the factors influencing the subsidies economic efficiency allocated for road construction. Using the Logical Framework Approach, the risk impact and consequences of inaccurate traffic forecasting on the overall project efficiency and the economic return on allocated subsidies are demonstrated. To carry out specific calculations and implement analytical procedures, the methodology used in the countries of the European Union (EU) is considered, which allows for assessing the impact of the subsidies effectiveness through the payment for the use of the road by various vehicles, the potential savings in transportation time and reduction in the distance of transportation. In addition, an approach is described that takes into account the distribution of project financing between the state and a private investor, as well as the predicted traffic intensity, which together determine the economic effect magnitude received by each of the partners. The particular emphasis within this approach is placed on the need for a clear formalization, categorization, and calculation of all costs associated with the preparation and implementation of the project.
Flora da Paraíba, Brasil: Capparaceae
Authors: Silva Eduardo de Souza , Sousa Valdeci Fontes de , Cornejo Xavier , Melo José Iranildo Miranda de
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho compreende o estudo taxonômico de Capparaceae para o Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste brasileiro. Foram realizados trabalhos de campo mensamente entre janeiro e dezembro/2018 abrangendo as principais mesorregiões do Estado. Também foram analisadas exsicatas dos demais herbários paraibanos, Herbário Virtual da Flora e dos Fungos (Reflora) e da plataforma SpeciesLink, além de herbários norte-americanos (MO e NY). Foram registrados quatro gêneros e cinco espécies: Capparidastrum frondosum, Crateva tapia, Cynophalla flexuosa, C. hastata e Neocalyptrocalyx longifolium. O tratamento inclui uma chave para a identificação das espécies, descrições taxonômicas, comentários sobre afinidades taxonômicas fundamentadas em características morfológicas, dados de distribuição, floração e ou frutificação, além de imagens e estampas contendo os principais caracteres diagnósticos das espécies encontradas.
Outsiders na política: uma visão geral
Authors: Picussa Roberta , Codato Adriano
Published: August 2022

Introdução: O que é um outsider político e qual a relevância desse fenômeno no cenário político atual? O sucesso político daqueles que constroem suas carreiras fora dos partidos estabelecidos não é novo, mas tem se tornado mais presente na década de 2010, tanto no Brasil como na Europa. Materiais e métodos: Observando a literatura especializada de Ciência Política, buscou-se estabelecer as bases para a definição conceitual do político outsider e examinar como o fenômeno é tratado empiricamente. Resultados: Conceitualmente, duas dimensões demonstraram-se essenciais para a identificar outsiders: a partidária e a ocupacional. A primeira verifica a localização do indivíduo em relação ao sistema partidário, se ele ganhou proeminência política dentro ou fora dos partidos estabelecidos, e a segunda, se ele tinha uma ocupação na política institucional antes de lançar-se à disputa eleitoral. Quanto ao exame dos casos empíricos de outsiders na política, constatou-se que na maioria dos estudos observados não houve rigor conceitual ao classificar determinados atores políticos como outsiders. Discussão: Há ainda alguns desafios conceituais e metodológicos para estudar o fenômeno, por exemplo, como estender o conceito formulado para casos de candidatos a eleições presidenciais a estudos sobre outsiders nos parlamentos. Outra questão é como delimitar o fenômeno em meio a outros que lhe são correlatos, como a ascensão de líderes e/ou partidos populistas e, principalmente, o discurso eleitoral dos forasteiros: apesar de não ser uma característica essencial ao outsider, há quase invariavelmente uma retórica anti-establishment que representaria a negação tanto da política tradicional quanto dos políticos de carreira.
Application of Image J in Quantitative Analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of Resin Infiltration for White Spot Lesions
Authors: J Sun , Y Xu
Published: August 2022

Resin infiltration has been increasing used recently, but evaluation methods of it is not objective or practical in clinical. This article aim to introduce the application with details of Image J in quantitative analysis of the therapeutic effect of resin infiltration for white spot lesions (WSL). Images from 10 maxillary central incisors with WSL were collected by digital camera before and after treatment of resin infiltration. Images were imported into Image J. Two methods (gray scale and ratio of WSL) were performed to acquire data of gray scale and ratio of WSL of each crown before and after treatment of resin infiltration. Date of two methods was statistical analyzed respectively. The Student’s t-test showed significant difference between data from before and after treatment of resin infiltration. Application of Image J in analysis of the therapeutic effect of resin infiltration for WSL is objective and practical in clinical.
Reemergence of Ebola in 2021
Authors: ST Tseha
Published: August 2022

Ebola also known as Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a serious disease that is caused by viruses that belong to the genus Ebola virus (EBOV). The purpose of this review is to discuss the most recent Ebola outbreak in Africa. A latest report on Ebola indicated that the disease recently resurged in Democratic Republic of Congo in February 2021. The Democratic Republic of Congo contains heavy forested areas that have been suggested as the primary factor for the repeated outbreaks of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo. In addition to this, consumption of bushmeat and deforestation has been reported as additional factors that have contributed for the repeated Ebola outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The most recent Ebola outbreak that was documented in Democratic Republic of Congo in 2021 might be due to transmission of the EBOV from Ebola survivor. Therefore, the community in Ebola endemic areas has to be educated as contact with fruit bat, deforestation, consumption of bushmeat and contact with body fluids of Ebola patients are the key ways of transmission of Ebola virus. Moreover, immunization of those at highrisk of being infected by the virus can be taken as an additional measures so as to prevent future outbreaks of Ebola. Furthermore, active surveillance and follow up of survivors of Ebola is needed.
Optimierung der Unternehmensprozesse durch unterstützende Software
Authors:   VDSI – Verband für Sicherheit, Gesundheit und Umweltschutz bei der Arbeit e.V., Wiesbaden, Kalenberg Karlheinz , Hillesheimer Bianca ,   VDSI – Verband für Sicherheit, Gesundheit und Umweltschutz bei der Arbeit e.V., Wiesbaden
Published: August 2022

Nahezu alle Unternehmen nutzen inzwischen Software, um ihre Prozesse zu unterstützen oder zu optimieren. Der Einsatz einer Software ist umso erfolgreicher, je besser sie zu dem jeweiligen arbeitsmedizinischen beziehungsweise sicherheitstechnischen Dienst (im Folgenden nur noch „Dienst“) passt und damit auch von den Beschäftigten sowie den Kundinnen und Kunden angenommen wird. Um dies zu gewährleisten, ist es erforderlich, die Einführung und den Einsatz gut zu planen und entsprechend umzusetzen. In diesem Beitrag sollen wesentliche Schritte angesprochen werden, die bei der Auswahl, Einführung und Nutzung digitaler Systeme in den sicherheitstechnischen und arbeitsmedizinischen Diensten relevant sind.
Der Geruchssinn im Neugeborenenalter
Authors:   Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Schriever Valentin
Published: August 2022

Die vielfältigen Aspekte in Bezug auf Gerüche und den Geruchssinn wurden als Schwerpunkt in Heft 7 (Geruch) thematisiert. Dieser Artikel ergänzt das Heft 7 um das Thema „Der Geruchssinn im Neugeborenenalter“. – Der Geruchssinn ist einer der ältesten Sinne. Besonders im Neugeborenenalter werden wichtige Informationen der Umgebung über den Geruchssinn wahrgenommen. Die Fähigkeiten des Geruchssinns können auch in der klinischen Versorgung von reifen Neugeborenen und Frühgeborenen genutzt und so die Versorgung dieser Kinder optimiert werden. Im folgenden Artikel werden die Entwicklung des Geruchssinns, die Aufgaben des Geruchssinns im Neugeborenenalter und das therapeutische Potenzial des olfaktorischen Systems dargestellt.