bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR KETURUNAN, JENIS KELAMIN DAN TINGKAT SOSIAL EKONOMI ORANG TUA DENGAN KEJADIAN OBESITAS PADA MAHASISWA DI UNIVERSITAS MALAHAYATI TAHUN 2020
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Yusmansyah , Hermawan Dessy , Febriani Upik , Farich Achmad
Published: February 2023

Obesity is an increase in the total fat in our body, if found to be overweight, the figure is> 20% in men and 25% in women because of the high fat in the body. Obesity is greatly influenced by parents and environmental heredity.This study aimed to determine the relationship between heredity, sex and socioeconomic level of parents with obesity in students at Malahayati University in 2020. The type of research used is research with the Purposive Sampling method and case control approach. The sample in this study was the medical students of the University of Malahayati Bandar Lampung in 2017 consisting of 30 people who were not obese and 30 people who were obese. Data obtained through filling out questionnaires and microtoise scales. The data analysis technique to test the hypothesis is the chi square statistical test. There is a significant relationship between heredity and obesity by obtaining p-value = 0.002 with OR = 6.00, there is a significant relationship between sex and obesity by obtaining p-value = 0.002 with OR = 5.50 and there is a significant relationship between parents' socioeconomic level with the incidence of obesity with p-value = 0.004 with OR = 4.75. There is a significant relationship between heredity, sex and socioeconomic level of parents with the incidence of obesity in students at the university actually live in 2020
PERAN SELENIUM PADA DIARE AKUT
Authors: Nolitriani Nolitriani , Jurnalis Yusri Dianne , Sayoeti Yorva
Published: February 2023

Diare cair akut merupakan salah satu manifestasi gangguan fungsi saluran cerna. Umumnya episode diare adalah akut, bila berlangsung lebih dari 14 hari disebut diare persisten. Diare masih merupakan penyebab kematian utama pada bayi dan anak di Indonesia. Menurut Riset Kesehatan Dasar yang diselenggarakan Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, berdasarkan penyakit menular, diare menempati urutan ketiga setelah tuberkulosis dan pneumonia. Di Indonesia, dilaporkan tiap anak mengalami diare sebanyak 411 per 1000 episode per tahun dengan angka kesakitan dan kematian masih tetap tinggi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penanganan yang komprehensif dan rasional. Penelitian mendapatkan bahwa defisiensi mikronutrien tertentu dapat berhubungan dengan penyakit diare. Penelitian mengenai zink telah banyak diketahui, namun hanya sedikit penelitian tentang mikronutrien yang lain seperti selenium yang diduga juga terlibat dalam proses diare akut.
Penyakit gastrointestinal dinilai sebagai suatu stress oksidatif. Selenium yang mengandung enzim gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase (GPx2/ GPx GI) yang paling banyak ditemukan dalam mukosa epitel traktus gastrointestinal. Pada diare terjadi defisiensi selenium yang dapat meningkatkan stress oksidatif dan menurunkan differensiasi dan proliferasi sel T dan menurunkan toksisitas limfosit T. Hal ini memunculkan hipotesis bahwa selenium memegang peranan dalam proses penyembuhan diare akut
ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MENYEBABKAN STUNTING DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KEMANGKON
Authors: Rustiyani Lusy , Susilo Rakhmat
Published: February 2023

Latar Belakang: Kejadian balita pendek atau biasa di sebut dengan stunting merupakan  kejadian yang sedang di alami oleh balita di dunia saat ini. Pada tahun 2017 22,2 % atau sekitar 150,8 juta balita di dunia mengalami stunting. Faktor penyebab stunting terdiri dari faktor basic seperti faktor ekonomi dan pendidikan ibu, kemudian faktor intermedier seperti jumlah anggota keluarga, tinggi badan ibu, usia ibu, dan jumlah anak ibu, selanjutnya adalah faktor proximal seperti pemberian ASI ekslusif, usia anak dan BBLR. Tujuan: Untuk Menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab stunting di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kemangkon. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang berbentuk deskriptif kualitatif. Sampel dikumpulkan dengan cara snowball sampling, sebanyak 7. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berusia >40 tahun sebanyak 2 orang, berusia 25-40 tahun sebanyak 5 orang. 3 orang memiliki pendidikan SD,  1 orang tidak sekolah, 1 orang memiliki pendidikan SMA dan 2 orang memiliki pendidikan SMP. Terdapat 5 faktor yang menyebabkan stunting seperti: karakteristik informan yang mengalami stunting, faktor pendidikan ibu, faktor ekonomi, faktor jumlah anggota keluarga dan faktor pola asuh balita dengan kejadian stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kemangkon. Simpulan: Pola asuh dan ekonomi pada informan sebagian besar dalam keadaan kurang yang dapat menyebabkan kejadian stunting pada balita

 

 

 

 

 

 
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE INTENSITY OF PLAYING ONLINE GAME AND THE AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF ADOLESCENTS IN SMA MUHAMMADIYAH SOKARAJA.
Authors: Oktaviani Ema Putri , Nurjanah Siti
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background: The trend of online games needs to be concerned by Indonesian people, as many as 3 million people are active in playing games, while in America as many as 1.3 billion people play online games. In the online game, some have scenes of violence both verbal and physical. So that those conditions can cause aggressive behavior in adolescents.

Objective: To find out the correlation between the intensity of playing online games and the aggressive behavior of adolescents in SMA Muhammadiyah Sokaraja.

Method: This type of research is quantitative descriptive using cross sectional method. The research population was teenagers at SMA Muhammadiyah Sokaraja. The sampling technique used in this research was a total sample of 96 respondents. The analysis used chi square statistical test.

Results: In this research, the results showed the intensity of playing online games mostly in the moderate category as many as 40 respondents (41.7%) and aggressive behavior was mostly in the moderate category as many as 55 respondents (57.3% ). Chi square test obtained a value (0,000 0.05) Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a correlation between the intensity of playing online games and the aggressive behavior in adolescents at SMA Muhammadiyah Sokaraja.

Conclusion: There is a correlation between the intensity of playing online games and the aggressive behavior in adolescents at SMA Muhammadiyah Sokaraja
PENERAPAN UJI KORELASI SPEARMAN UNTUK MENGKAJI FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DIABETES MELITUS DI PUSKESMAS SICINCIN KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Yasril Abdi Iswahyudi , Fatma Fitria
Published: February 2023

Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan dunia dengan prevalensi yang selalu meningkat setiap tahunnya. Berdasarkan data di Puskesmas Sicincin Kabupaten Padang Pariaman kejadian diabetes melitus pada tahun 2020 terdapat 105 pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan penerapan korelasi Spearman terhadap faktor yang berhubungan dengan diabetes melitus di Puskesmas Sicincin Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian terapan (Aplication Research) dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian yaitu pasien diabetes melitus. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 105 sampel. Pengambilan sampel dengan total sampling, analisis data secara univariat dan bivariat dengan α = 0,05. Hasil analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara variabel umur (p=0,009 ; r=0,245), obesitas (p=0,002 ; r=0,305), riwayat keluarga (p=0,001 ; r=0,332). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa yang paling berhubungan dengan kejadian diabetes melitus adalah riwayat keluarga dengan nilai =0,332. Diharapkan untuk tenaga kesehatan khususnya pemegang program Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) dapat melakukan sosialisasi dan memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat tentang faktor yang berhubungan dengan diabetes melitus
PENGARUH TERAPI MENULIS TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENGELOLA EMOSI MARAH PADA REMAJA DI SMP NEGERI 8 BUKITTINGGI
Authors: Damaiyanti Siska , Pratama Engla Rati , Surya Intan Permata
Published: February 2023

Masa remaja sering disebut sebagai masa peralihan dari anak-anak menuju masa dewasa dengan berbagai tahap dan tugas perkembangan yang harus dicapai. Untuk mencegah terjadinya hal ini, maka remaja harus mempunyai kemampuan dalam mengelola emosi marahnya, disamping kemampuan ini cara yang juga dapat dilakukan adalah dengan pemberian psikoterapi kognitif berupa terapi menulis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi menulis terhadap peningkatan kemampuan mengelola emosi marah pada remaja di SMP Negeri 8 Bukittinggi tahun 2021. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan quasi experiment pre and post test without control. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan dari tanggal 25-30 juni 2021, dengan teknik sampling menggunakan purposive random sampling dengan besar sampel sebanyak 18 responden. Sedangkan teknik analisa data menggunakan uji paired sample t test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil rerata kemampuan mengelola emosi marah pada remaja mengalami peningkatan dari 91,61 menjadi 109,61 setelah diberikan terapi menulis. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai t hitung> t tabel (10,270>2,110) dan nilai p-value 0,000 dimana (p<0,05) sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh terapi menulis terhadap peningkatan kemampuan mengelola emosi marah pada remaja di SMP Negeri 8 Bukittinggi tahun 2021. Diharapkan kepada remaja untuk menerapkan terapi menulis dalam menyampaikan emosi marahnya. Dan untuk guru bimbingan konseling agar dapat menggunakan metode ini sebagai program konseling di sekolah pada remaja yang tidak mampu mengelola emosi marahnya, agar terminimalisirnya jumlah kasus perilaku agresif ataupun kenakalan remaja di sekolah ataupun di masyarakat.
ANALISIS BOUNDING SUAMI PASANGAN USIA SUBUR TERHADAP MOTIVASI IBU UNTUK MELAKUKAN PEMERIKSAAN IVA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TANJUNG PAKU KOTA SOLOK TAHUN 2021
Authors: Permatadewi Sri , Hasnita Evi , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: February 2023

Menurut Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Presentase Wanita Usia Subur (WUS) yang melakukan pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) dari tahun 2014 sampai tahun 2018 sebanyak 2.747.662 orang dan ditemukan IVA positif  pada 77.969 orang. Puskesmas Tanjung Paku merupakan puskesmas dengan pencapaian IVA yang cukup rendah dengan data sasaran IVA sebanyak 3231 orang sedangkan yang melakukan pemeriksaan IVA sebanyak 13 orang (0,4%) pada tahun 2020. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Analisis Pengaruh Bounding Suami Pasangan Usia Subur Terhadap Motivasi Ibu Untuk Melakukan Pemeriksaan Iva Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Paku Kota Soloktahun 2021. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan quasi-eksperimen dengan pendekatan two Group Pretest-postest, penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Puskesmas Tanjung Paku Kota Solok pada bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2021, sampel 60 orang yaitu ibu menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 30 orang untuk kelompok intervensi dan 30 orang untuk kelompok kontrol. Analisis data dengan Uji T-Test Dependent Parametrik. Hasil didapatkan rata-rata pengetahuan sebelum 7,00, rata-rata pengetahuan sesudah 17,83, Rata-rata sikap sebelum 36,93, rata-rata sikap sesudah 57,20. Rata-rata perilaku sebelum 28,97, rata-rata perilaku sesudah 56,47, rata-rata pelaksanaan bounding sebelum 67,33 dan setelah meningkat menjadi 134. Rata-rata motivasi pada kelompok intervensi sebelum diberikan bounding suami 28,87, rata-rata motivasi pada kelompok intervensi sesudah diberikan bounding suami 37,63, dan perbedaan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan bounding suami 8,767. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan motivasi Intervensi (0,000) artinya p < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan adanya pengaruh bounding suami terhadap motivasi Ibu dalam melakukan pemeriksaan IVA di Puskesmas Tanjung Paku Tahun 2021. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adanya analisis pengaruh bounding suami pasangan usia subur terhadap motivasi ibu untuk melakukan pemeriksaan iva pada pasangan usia subur di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Paku Kota Soloktahun 2021. Disarankan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Solok untuk bisa melakukan sosialisasi tentang pemeriksaan IVA dan kanker serviks tidak hanya kepada istri namun juga melibatkan suami dalam penyuluhan tersebut.

Kata Kunci       : Bounding Suami, Motivasi, Pemeriksaan IVA
ANALISIS PRIORITAS MASALAH PENYAKIT MENULAR DI KOTA BUKITTINGGI
Authors: Aulia Fitri , Helda Helda , Satria Eka Budi
Published: February 2023

Sejumlah penyakit menular di Kota Bukittinggi masih menunjukkan peningkatan angka kasus maupun angka kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis situasi masalah penyakit menular dan menetapkan prioritas masalah penyakit menular di Kota Bukittinggi. Penelitian ini adalah sebuah asesmen yang bersifat deskriptif. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2020-Maret 2021 ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis situasi penyakit menular melalui review dokumen Profil Kesehatan Kota Bukittinggi dan laporan Bidang Kesmas dan P2P Dinkes Kota Bukittinggi tahun 2016-2019. Pendekatan kualitatif berguna untuk menetapkan prioritas masalah penyakit menular yang dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan panel expert. Penyakit menular seperti TB, pneumonia, HIV/AIDS, diare, DBD, dan rabies masih menjadi masalah di Kota Bukittinggi. Berdasarkan hasil skoring, didapatkan pneumonia sebagai penyakit yang memiliki magnitude masalah yang paling luas. Jika dilihat dari keseriusan masalah, TB menempati urutan teratas sebagai penyakit dengan masalah yang paling serius. Walaupun begitu, TB bersama dengan malaria dianggap menjadi penyakit yang memiliki intervensi yang paling efektif. Sedangkan dari faktor kesetaraan, pneumonia menjadi penyakit yang paling tidak merata dan dari faktor pemosisian, rabies menjadi penyakit yang dianggap memiliki kapasitas yang paling rendah dalam hal kolaborasi dengan stakeholder. Secara keseluruhan, TB menjadi prioritas masalah penyakit menular di Kota Bukittinggi.
ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA DUE TO NON-FATAL DROWNING
Authors: Indriyani Nova
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Nonfatal Drowning was defined as survival, after suffocation by immersion or subemersion. Aspiration pneumonia is one of the most common complications of nonfatal drowning. It was reported that a female patient, aged 50 years, drowned in the Pariaman sea, found aspiration pneumonia due to nonfatal drowning. Bronchial specimen were carried out, a type of gram-negative bacteria was found, namely Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Patients received meropenem and fluroquinolone (levofloxacin). Based on clinical evaluation, laboratory and chest X-ray, the patient improved after 7 days of treatment.
Keywords: seawater, nonfatal drowning, aspiration pneumonia, pseudomonas aeroginosa
HIPERKOAGULOPATI PADA COVID-19
Authors: Pinto Hari Nandi
Published: February 2023

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), originally named 2019-nCoV, is the first disease to be discovered in Wuhan, China. This disease is found as an outbreak of respiratory tract infection of unknown cause which may be caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus or COVID-19. Symptoms of COVID-19 can include complaints of breathing, shortness of breath, coughing and fever. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms are at risk for venous thromboembolism. Thromboembolic complications are an important problem in patients infected with COVID-19. In COVID-19 patients, laboratory abnormalities are found, including thrombocytopenia, increased D-dimers, prolonged prothrombin time, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The data show that coagulation disorders, especially an increase in D-dimers and fibrinogen-degradation product (FDP), were found to be very high in pneumonia patients who died from COVID-19 infection. Inflammatory reactions occur in all organs of the body, damage to the microvascular system, causing abnormalities in the coagulation system manifested by vasculitis of small vessels and extensive micro thrombosis The most common parameters of abnormal coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19 infection are increased concentrations of D-dimer and FDP in severe infection DIC is a syndrome characterized by intravascular coagulation due to local damage that exacerbates coagulopathy and results in multi-organ failure. Research reports that the use of Arixta (Fondaparinux) as anticoagulant therapy in severely infected COVID-19 patients with coagulopathy has been shown to be effective and safe and there were no bleeding complications
FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KELANCARAN PENGELUARAN ASI PADA IBU MENYUSUI
Authors: Delvina Visti
Published: February 2023

Rendahnya cakupan ASI Ekslusif di Puskesmas Lubuk Gadang selama 3 tahun terakhir yaitu tahun 2018 (50%), 2019 (58%), dan tahun 2020 (46%), sedangkan target pencapaian pemberian ASI eksklusif di Sumatera Barat sekitar 55%. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang Berhubungan Dengan kelancaran pengeluaran ASI  pada ibu Menyusui. Desain penelitian adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi adalah seluruh ibu menyusui yang memiliki bayi berumur 0-6 bulan berjumlah 192 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara accidental sampling sebanyak 65 orang. Analisa data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji  Chi Square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa dari analisa univariat 39 orang (60%) memiliki asupan gizi yang telah terpenuhi, 42 orang (64,6%) memiliki breastfeeding self efficacy yang rendah saat menyusui, 45 orang (69,2%) breastfeeding father tinggi, dan 53 orang (81,5%) lancar dalam pengeluaran ASI kepada bayinya. Analisa bivariat didapatkan terdapat hubungan antara asupan gizi (P-value = 0,033), Breastfeeding self efficacy (P-value = 0,044), dan Breastfeeding father (P-value = 0,002) terhadap kelancaran pengeluaran ASI pada ibu Menyusui. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disarankan kepada responden untuk mengikuti penyuluhan serta anjuran dari tenaga kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan mengenai kelancaran pengeluaran ASI Ekslusif. Serta melakukan perawatan payudara dan pijat oksitosin untuk memperlancar pengeluaran ASI. Petugas kesehatan disarankan untuk  memberikan edukasi dan motivasi kepada ibu menyusui dan suami berupa pentingnya ASI untuk kebutuhan bayi dengan meningkat efikasi diri  agar dapat mempengaruhi kelancaran pengeluaran ASI
Ethnicity, migration and materiality. Forest Finn archaeology
Authors: Welinder Stig
Published: February 2023

During the early 17th century, Finns migrated within the Swedish kingdom from interior Finland to virgin spruce forest areas in Sweden. There they settled in finnmarker, areas with Finnish-speaking households conducting large-scale swidden cultivation, huuhta in Finnish. Eventually they were called Forest Finns. Their farms were centered around a rökstuga, a living-house with a stone-oven without a chimney.Four Forest Finn farms have been excavated. The article discusses how the Finnish households were integrated in the local and regional market economy, thus acquiring the same kind of things also used by their Swedish neighbours, including status and prestige objects, e.g. display ceramics and window glass panes. At the same time, they continued to live in their traditional rökstugor, which owing to different space, light and warmth compared to a Swedish cottage with an open fireplace, conditioned other relations between the individuals of the households. The process of change, Swedification, of the Forest Finns was not unilinear.Ethnicity is the social process of meeting between two or more groups of people forming ‘us-and-them’-relations. The early-modern Forest Finns is an example of complex change as concerns materiality involved in ethnicity, in this case triggered by the meeting of ‘the others’ as a result of migration.
An Iron Age Magnate Farm at Odarslöv – a local centre in the realm of Uppåkra
Authors: Helgesson Bertil , Aspeborg Håkan
Published: February 2023

In this article, a newly excavated Iron Age farm with an associated gravefield and its surrounding landscape outside the city of Lund is examined, discussed, analysed and placed in its context. The biography of the farm spans about 400 years, from the Late Roman Iron Age to the Early Vendel Period. Through all phases, the farm remains on a restricted plot and shows both stability and prosperity. It is argued that the farm, based on its size, the number and types of buildings and the find material, can be considered a magnate farm. As magnates, the farm owners must have played an important role in the local community during a time when society underwent change and transition. The farm and the farm owners’ relation to Uppåkra and the rulers of the central place are discussed.
LongHome: desarrollo de una herramienta para la medición de impacto de los servicios de atención a personas sin hogar
Authors: Rodilla Navarro Juan Manuel , Puchol Ros Gloria , Botija Yagüe Mercedes
Published: February 2023

Diversos autores subrayan la necesidad de mejorar las estructuras de medición de impacto en los servicios para personas sin hogar, específicamente en el contexto europeo. La mejora de M&E permitirían la caracterización de subgrupos internamente homogéneos y la identificación de rutas de entrada y salida al sinhogarismo. La herramienta LongHome permite estandarizar una metodología de medición de impacto en servicios de atención a personas sin hogar, permitiendo analizar la eficacia de los programas. LongHome operativiza la ETHOS mediante una evaluación longitudinal que permite identificar el estatus residencial en tres momentos en el tiempo, previamente a la intervención, al terminal la intervención y, con el objetivo de valorar el efecto a medio plazo de la intervención, dos años después de la intervención. El desarrollo de la herramienta está basado en el enfoque de comprensión del sinhogarismo de la nueva ortodoxia, permitiendo asociar los cambios en el estatus residencial a variaciones en la vinculación a estructuras de apoyo formal, de apoyo informal y de desarrollo de capacidades. El enfoque permite mejorar la comprensión de los cambios en el estatus residencial y profundizar en el efecto de los programas de intervención sobre la población atendida. La herramienta ha sido testeada en dos programas de intervención con personas sin hogar y ha resultado un mecanismo efectivo permitiendo mejorar la implantación de estructuras de monitoreo y evaluación en el abordaje del sinhogarismo.
Non-Western Immigrants, the Transition from School to Education and to Work and NEET Status
Authors: Jakobsen Vibeke
Published: February 2023

This article examines the transition from compulsory school to education and work for children of immigrants and native Danes by focusing on NEET (Not in Education, Employment or Training) status. Using administrative register data, I first examined the overrepresentation of children of immigrants in the NEET group three years after completion of compulsory school. I then analysed: (a) whether differences in family background and grades can explain this overrepresentation and (b) whether NEET status during this period is associated with a high risk of NEET status four years later (i.e., seven years after compulsory school completion). My results show higher NEET rates for children of immigrants than for native Danes. Regression analysis of three year groups suggests, unfavourable family characteristics explain the higher probability of NEET status among children of immigrants in two of these groups. NEET status in the three-year period after school completion is associated with higher risk of NEET status four years later for both children of immigrants and native Danes.
Effects of Non-invasive Keratograph Break-Up Time on the Repeatability of Keratometry Measurements
Authors: Shin Haeeun , Jung Soyeon , Jung Ji Won
Published: February 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of the non-invasive keratograph break-up time on the repeatability of keratometric measurements derived using the Keratograph 5M in patients with dry eye syndrome.Methods: Thirty-six patients with dry eye and 30 controls were enrolled. We measured keratometric values twice in all subjects and explored whether the two measurements differed by more than 0.5 diopter (D) (the absolute value). We also evaluated the relationship between the absolute difference and the non-invasive keratograph break-up time (NIKBUT).Results: The intraclass correlation coefficients for astigmatism, flat keratometry (K), steep K, and mean K were all higher than 0.95 in patients, thus lower than in controls. The proportion of eyes with absolute differences over 0.5 D between the two keratometric values differed significantly between the dry eye and control groups in terms of the flat K and Kmax values (p = 0.033, 0.037). The average NIKBUT was negatively correlated with the absolute differences in Kmax and astigmatism (p = 0.030, R2 = 0.134 and p = 0.017, R2 = 0.160).Conclusions: In patients with dry eye syndrome, keratometric measurements are reliably repeatable, but slightly less so than in normal controls. The proportions of eyes exhibiting absolute keratometric differences over 0.5 D (two measurements) differed in the dry eye and control groups. The lower the non-invasive keratograph break-up time, the poorer the repeatability of keratometric measurements in the dry eye group. Therefore, care is required when obtaining keratometric values for such patients.
Regorafenib in Advanced and Refractory Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Legg Ewen
Published: February 2023

The European Society for Medical Oncology’s (ESMO) 18th World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer (WCGI) was held in Barcelona from 28th June–2nd July 2016. Presentations covered gastrointestinal (GI) cancers of every aetiology and site within the GI tract, as well as the major aspects of cancer management from screening to novel therapeutic options. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), with their ability to block key mechanisms required for tumour growth, featured heavily in this year’s presentations at WCGI. Data on the oral TKI regorafenib featured prominently in both poster discussion tours and oral presentations, emphasising the continuing interest in the evolution of this therapy within the clinical arsenal of physicians tackling GI cancers.
Predictive Value of MRI for Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Ray Nicola
Published: February 2023

The meeting outlined the evidence that the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) is both valid and informative. The mechanisms of action of teriflunomide (Aubagio®) and alemtuzumab (Lemtrada®), both treatments for relapsing-remitting MS, were discussed, and their Phase II and III safety and efficacy data were reviewed alongside the MRI-derived outcome measures.
INOVASI PEMERINTAH DALAM PERCEPATAN KEBIJAKAN VAKSINASI COVID-19 DI KOTA PEKANBARU TAHUN 2021
Authors: Siagian Lilian Sinta Ria , Marta Auradian
Published: February 2023

Penyebaran Covid-19 yang dinyatakan oleh WHO sebagai pandemi telah ditetapkan sebagai bencana nasional. Maka dari itu pemerintah melakukan upaya untuk menekan laju pandemi covid-19 dengan memasang target untuk mencapai kekebalan tubuh sebesar 70 persen pada akhir tahun 2021 dengan melakukan penyuntikan vaksin Covid-19 pada masyarakat terutama lansia, dengan itu pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru dituntut melakukan percepatan vaksinasi Covid-19 di Kota Pekanbaru. Tujuan dari penulisan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui inovasi pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru dalam percepatan kebijakan vaksinasi Covid-19 dan memaparkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya inovasi percepatan kebijakan vaksinasi Covid-19 di Kota Pekanbaru tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang mana dalam pengumpulan datanya, penulis menggunakan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Pemerintah Kota Pekanbaru melakukan inovasi percepatan vaksinasi salah satunya melalui program menjemput bola dengan menyediakan bus vaksinasi keliling untuk menyasar masyarakat yang belum mendapatkan vaksinasi sembari mensosialisasikan vasinasi Covid-19. Pengetahuan mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat terhadap vaksin covid-19, oleh karena itu diperlukannya untuk memberikan informasi secara menyuluruh dan merata pada semua masyarakat tentang kegunaan, keamanan vaksin covid-19 dan semua informasi ter-update mengenai vaksin covid-19.

Kata kunci: Inovasi; inovasi pemerintah; vaksinasi covid-19.
Does the Criticism of Constitutional Experts Shape Public Attitude toward a Government’s Security Policy? - Reconsidering the Image of “Influential Constitutional Legal Scholars” in Japan
Authors: Iseki Tatsuya , Shinomoto Sou
Published: February 2023

Constitutional legal scholars are regarded as influential academic experts in the public debate on security policy in Japan. However, the majority of studies on expert cue fail to find evidence that messages from experts have a persuasive effect on public opinion. To empirically test the influence of constitutional scholars, this study conducted an online survey experiment on whether the criticism of constitutional scholars undermines Japanese public support for the hypothetical use of armed force. The results show that such criticism has no causal effect on public attitude even among respondents who are most liberal or have high confidence in constitutional scholars. On the contrary, adverse opinion from retired general officers declines the support for the dispatch among individuals who are conservative or have high confidence in the Japan Self-Defense Force. These findings imply that though the Japanese consciously sift through information from different sources, they reject it from constitutional scholars.
Social capital strengthens agency among fish farmers: Small scale aquaculture in Bulacan, Philippines
Authors: Manlosa Aisa O. , Albrecht Julia , Riechers Maraja
Published: February 2023

Using a case study approach focusing on Bulacan, Philippines, we examined three types of social capital (i.e. bonding, bridging, and linking) accessed by small scale aquaculture producers through fish farmers associations. The aim was to determine whether and how types of social capital contribute to promoting human agency among small scale aquaculture producers in the context of their livelihoods. Here, agency is considered an important part of sustainable livelihoods and is defined as people’s ability to choose in ways that align with their values and goals, and to act to realise their goals. Agency was analysed in relation to livelihood preconditions, processes, power, and possibilities. The premise of this paper is that types of social capital from fish farmers’ associations distinctly contribute to expanding and strengthening the agency of small scale aquaculture producers. The study found that all three types of social capital contributed to enhancing the resources that producers draw on for their livelihoods. The bonding and bridging types helped producers cope with various livelihood challenges by enabling access to mutual assistance and collective efforts for problem solving. The types of social capital were less effective in addressing issues of asymmetrical power relations which adversely affected livelihoods. All three types and particularly linking social capital contributed to expanding livelihood possibilities and enabling producers to explore new avenues for improving livelihoods, enhancing agency. The findings point to the distinct contributions and complementarity of different types of social capital to the exercise of agency in livelihoods. Attending to the different types of social capital and understanding how they are most beneficial in specific contexts as well as where they are insufficent, can improve priority-setting, targeting, and design for initiatives that seek to work with fish farmers organisations and other types of community-based organisations for livelihood improvements.
Biomechanical evaluation of two modified intramedullary fixation system for treating unstable femoral neck fractures: A finite element analysis
Authors: Huang Qiang , Zhang CongMing , Bai HuanAn , Wang Qian , Li Zhong , Lu Yao , Ma Teng
Published: February 2023

Purpose: The existing implants for fixation of femoral neck fractures have poor biomechanical stability, so the failure rate is high. We designed two modified intramedullary implants for treating unstable femoral neck fractures (UFNFs). We tried to improve the biomechanical stability of fixation by shortening the moment and reducing stress concentration. Each modified intramedullary implant was compared with cannulated screws (CSs) through finite element analysis (FEA).

Methods: Five different models were included: three cannulated screws (CSs, Model 1) in an inverted triangle configuration, the dynamic hip screw with an anti-rotation screw (DHS + AS, Model 2), the femoral neck system (FNS, Model 3), the modified intramedullary femoral neck system (IFNS, Model 4), and the modified intramedullary interlocking system (IIS, Model 5). Three-dimensional (3D) models of femur and implants were constructed by using 3D modelling software. Three load cases were simulated to assess the maximal displacement of models and fracture surface. The maximal stress at the bone and implants was also evaluated.

Results: FEA data showed that Model 5 had the best performance in terms of maximum displacement while Model 1 had the worst performance for this index under axial load of 2100 N. With respect to Maximum stress, Model 4 had the best performance while Model 2 had the worst performance under axial load. The general trends under bending and torsion load were consistent with that under axial load. Our data demonstrated that the two modified intramedullary implants exhibited the best biomechanical stability, followed by FNS and DHS + AS, and then three cannulated screws in axial, bending, and torsion load cases.

Conclusion: The two modified intramedullary designs showed the best biomechanical performance among the five implants included in this study. Therefore, this might provide some new options for trauma surgeons to deal with unstable femoral neck fractures.
Footprints: Stamping hallmarks of lung cancer with patient-derived models, from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation
Authors: Song Yang , Wang Yadong , Guan Ai , Xue Jianchao , Li Bowen , Huang Zhicheng , Zheng Zhibo , Liang Naixin , Yang Yanlian , Li Shanqing
Published: February 2023

The conventional two-dimensional (2D) tumor cell lines in Petri dishes have played an important role in revealing the molecular biological mechanism of lung cancer. However, they cannot adequately recapitulate the complex biological systems and clinical outcomes of lung cancer. The three-dimensional (3D) cell culture enables the possible 3D cell interactions and the complex 3D systems with co-culture of different cells mimicking the tumor microenvironments (TME). In this regard, patient-derived models, mainly patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) and patient-derived organoids discussed hereby, are with higher biological fidelity of lung cancer, and regarded as more faithful preclinical models. The significant Hallmarks of Cancer is believed to be the most comprehensive coverage of current research on tumor biological characteristics. Therefore, this review aims to present and discuss the application of different patient-derived lung cancer models from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation with regards to the dimensions of different hallmarks, and to look to the prospects of these patient-derived lung cancer models.
Metabolic engineering of Zymomonas mobilis for co-production of D-lactic acid and ethanol using waste feedstocks of molasses and corncob residue hydrolysate
Authors: Hu Mimi , Bao Weiwei , Peng Qiqun , Hu Wei , Yang Xinyu , Xiang Yan , Yan Xiongying , Li Mian , Xu Ping , He Qiaoning , Yang Shihui
Published: February 2023

Lactate is the precursor for polylactide. In this study, a lactate producer of Z. mobilis was constructed by replacing ZMO0038 with LmldhA gene driven by a strong promoter PadhB, replacing ZMO1650 with native pdc gene driven by Ptet, and replacing native pdc with another copy of LmldhA driven by PadhB to divert carbon from ethanol to D-lactate. The resultant strain ZML-pdc-ldh produced 13.8 ± 0.2 g/L lactate and 16.9 ± 0.3 g/L ethanol using 48 g/L glucose. Lactate production of ZML-pdc-ldh was further investigated after fermentation optimization in pH-controlled fermenters. ZML-pdc-ldh produced 24.2 ± 0.6 g/L lactate and 12.9 ± 0.8 g/L ethanol as well as 36.2 ± 1.0 g/L lactate and 40.3 ± 0.3 g/L ethanol, resulting in total carbon conversion rate of 98.3% ± 2.5% and 96.2% ± 0.1% with final product productivity of 1.9 ± 0.0 g/L/h and 2.2 ± 0.0 g/L/h in RMG5 and RMG12, respectively. Moreover, ZML-pdc-ldh produced 32.9 ± 0.1 g/L D-lactate and 27.7 ± 0.2 g/L ethanol as well as 42.8 ± 0.0 g/L D-lactate and 53.1 ± 0.7 g/L ethanol with 97.1% ± 0.0% and 99.1% ± 0.8% carbon conversion rate using 20% molasses or corncob residue hydrolysate, respectively. Our study thus demonstrated that it is effective for lactate production by fermentation condition optimization and metabolic engineering to strengthen heterologous ldh expression while reducing the native ethanol production pathway. The capability of recombinant lactate-producer of Z. mobilis for efficient waste feedstock conversion makes it a promising biorefinery platform for carbon-neutral biochemical production.
Overview of myelin, major myelin lipids, and myelin-associated proteins
Authors: Kister Alexander , Kister Ilya
Published: February 2023

Myelin is a modified cell membrane that forms a multilayer sheath around the axon. It retains the main characteristics of biological membranes, such as lipid bilayer, but differs from them in several important respects. In this review, we focus on aspects of myelin composition that are peculiar to this structure and differentiate it from the more conventional cell membranes, with special attention to its constituent lipid components and several of the most common and important myelin proteins: myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein, and myelin protein zero. We also discuss the many-fold functions of myelin, which include reliable electrical insulation of axons to ensure rapid propagation of nerve impulses, provision of trophic support along the axon and organization of the unmyelinated nodes of Ranvier, as well as the relationship between myelin biology and neurologic disease such as multiple sclerosis. We conclude with a brief history of discovery in the field and outline questions for future research.
Dimming the midnight sun? Implications of the Sámi Council's intervention against the SCoPEx project
Authors: Oksanen Aslak-Antti
Published: February 2023

Indigenous peoples are amongst those most vulnerable to the effects of climate change and any potential environmental effects of geoengineering projects. It is therefore not surprising that the Sámi Council decided to take an open stance on the SCoPEx solar geoengineering research project upon finding out of its planned test flight near Giron/Kiruna, Sweden, in the Sámi people's domicile area. In their open letter to the to the SCoPEx Advisory Committee, the Swedish Space Corporation and the Swedish government, the Sámi Council objected to the lack of any consultations with the Sámi people and the aims of the project, resulting in cancellation of the flight. As the Sámi Council has a strong track record of leadership among indigenous peoples globally, this intervention has implications for the role of indigenous peoples in relation to the question of geoengineering. This paper uses a discourse analytical method to analyse publicly available sources to map out the background for the Sámi Council's intervention against the SCoPEx project and its future implications. It finds that the manner in which the SCoPEx project's test flight was planned on Sámi domicile area, without any consultations, led the Sámi Council to find joint cause with environmental civil society groups opposed to geoengineering. Subsequently, the Sámi Council has taken an active role in rallying further indigenous opposition to the SCoPEx project and by extension geoengineering research. It is argued that this coalition of indigenous peoples' organizations and environmental civil society organizations is premised on a discursive framing of an opposition between nature-based solutions to climate change and, geoengineering as representative of a technological solution that allows extractive capitalism to persist. The Sámi Council's intervention has important humanitarian implications. As indigenous peoples are uniquely vulnerable to any environmental changes resulting from geoengineering, the Sámi Council's intervention and its outcome sets a precedent of indigenous peoples as stakeholders in the geoengineering question, whose views must be respected and interests safeguarded.
Pregnancy loss and risk of incident CVD within 5 years: Findings from the Women's Health Initiative
Authors: Wright Catherine E. , Enquobahrie Daniel A. , Prager Sarah , Painter Ian , Kooperberg Charles , Wild Robert A. , Park Ki , Sealy-Jefferson Shawnita , Kernic Mary A.
Published: February 2023

Background

Previous studies have demonstrated an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with a history of pregnancy loss. Less is known about whether pregnancy loss is associated with age at the onset of CVD, but this is a question of interest, as a demonstrated association of pregnancy loss with early-onset CVD may provide clues to the biological basis of the association, as well as having implications for clinical care. We conducted an age-stratified analysis of pregnancy loss history and incident CVD in a large cohort of postmenopausal women aged 50–79 years old.

Methods

Associations between a history of pregnancy loss and incident CVD were examined among participants in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Exposures were any history of pregnancy loss (miscarriage and/or stillbirth), recurrent (2+) loss, and a history of stillbirth. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between pregnancy loss and incident CVD within 5 years of study entry in three age strata (50–59, 69–69, and 70–79). Outcomes of interest were total CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure, and stroke. To assess the risk of early onset CVD, Cox proportional hazard regression was used to examine incident CVD before the age of 60 in a subset of subjects aged 50–59 at study entry.

Results

After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, a history of stillbirth was associated with an elevated risk of all cardiovascular outcomes in the study cohort within 5 years of study entry. Interactions between age and pregnancy loss exposures were not significant for any cardiovascular outcome; however, age-stratified analyses demonstrated an association between a history of stillbirth and risk of incident CVD within 5 years in all age groups, with the highest point estimate seen in women aged 50–59 (OR 1.99; 95% CI, 1.16–3.43). Additionally, stillbirth was associated with incident CHD among women aged 50–59 (OR 3.12; 95% CI, 1.33–7.29) and 60–69 (OR 2.06; 95% CI, 1.24–3.43) and with incident heart failure and stroke among women aged 70–79. Among women aged 50–59 with a history of stillbirth, a non-significantly elevated hazard ratio was observed for heart failure before the age of 60 (HR 2.93, 95% CI, 0.96–6.64).

Conclusions

History of stillbirth was strongly associated with a risk of cardiovascular outcomes within 5 years of baseline in a cohort of postmenopausal women aged 50–79. History of pregnancy loss, and of stillbirth in particular, might be a clinically useful marker of cardiovascular disease risk in women.
Age-dependent phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells in the normal ascending aorta
Authors: Balint Brittany , Bernstorff Inés García Lascurain , Schwab Tanja , Schäfers Hans-Joachim
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Ascending aortic aneurysms are associated with pre-existing conditions, including connective tissue disorders (i.e., Marfan syndrome) and bicuspid aortic valves. The underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Even less is known regarding ascending aortic aneurysms in individuals with normal (i.e., tricuspid) aortic valves (TAV), and without known aneurysm-associated disorders. Regardless of etiology, the risk of aortic complications increases with biological age. Phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is a feature of ascending aortic aneurysms, whereby contractile SMCs are replaced with synthetic SMCs that are capable of degrading the aortic wall. We asked whether age itself causes dysfunctional SMC phenotype modulation, independent of aortic dilatation or pre-existing aneurysm-associated diseases.

Methods

Non-dilated ascending aortic samples were obtained intra-operatively from 40 patients undergoing aortic valve surgery (range: 20–82 years old, mean: 59.1 ± 15.2). Patients with known genetic diseases or aortic valve malformations were excluded. Tissue was divided, and a portion was formalin-fixed and immunolabeled for alpha-smooth muscle actin (ASMA), a contractile SMC protein, and markers of synthetic (vimentin) or senescent (p16/p21) SMCs. Another fragment was used for SMC isolation (n = 10). Cultured SMCs were fixed at cell passage 2 and stained for phenotype markers, or were cultured indefinitely to determine replicative capacity.

Results

In whole tissue, ASMA decreased (R2 = 0.47, P < 0.0001), while vimentin increased (R2 = 0.33, P = 0.02) with age. In cultured SMCs, ASMA decreased (R2 = 0.35, P = 0.03) and vimentin increased (R2 = 0.25, P = 0.04) with age. p16 (R2 = 0.34, P = 0.02) and p21 (R2 = 0.29, P = 0.007) also increased with age in SMCs. Furthermore, the replicative capacity of SMCs from older patients was decreased compared to that of younger patients (P = 0.03).

Conclusion

By investigating non-dilated aortic samples from individuals with normal TAVs, we found that age itself has a negative impact on SMCs in the ascending aortic wall, whereby SMCs switched from the contractile phenotype to maladaptive synthetic or senescent states with increased age. Therefore, based on our findings, modification of SMC phenotype should be studied as a therapeutic consideration against aneurysms in the future, regardless of etiology.
Numaswitch, a biochemical platform for the efficient production of disulfide-rich pepteins
Authors: Nguyen Bach-Ngan , Tieves Florian , Neusius Florian G. , Götzke Hansjörg , Schmitt Lutz , Schwarz Christian
Published: February 2023

The application of long-chained peptides (+30 aa) and relatively short proteins (<300 aa) has experienced an increasing interest in recent years. However, a reliable production platform is still missing since manufacturing is challenged by inherent problems such as mis-folding, aggregation, and low production yields. And neither chemical synthesis nor available recombinant approaches are effective and efficient. This in particular holds true for disulfide-rich targets where the correct isomer needs to be formed. With the technology Numaswitch, we have now developed a biochemical tool that circumvents existing limitations and serves as first production platform for pepteins, hard-to-be-produced peptides and proteins between 30 and 300 amino acids in length, including disulfide-rich candidates. Numaswitch is based on bifunctional Switchtag proteins that force the high-titer expression of pure inclusion bodies and simultaneously assist in the efficient refolding of pepteins into functional pepteins. Here, we demonstrate the successful application of the Numaswitch platform for disulfide-containing pepteins, such as an antimicrobial fusion peptide, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv), a camelid heavy chain antibody fragment (VHH) and the human epidermal growth factor.