bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adherencia terapéutica al tratamiento de erradicación de Helicobacter pylori y sus factores asociados en un hospital público de Perú
Authors: Vargas Cárdenas Gloria , Balvin Yanes Lucía , Chaiña Meza Jimena Marisol , Llanos Tejada Félix
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a la adherencia al tratamiento de erradicación de Helicobacter pylori en pacientescon la infección. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de cohorte prospectivo longitudinaldonde se incluyó a 100 pacientes que iniciaron el tratamiento de erradicación de Helicobacter pylori. Se aplicó el test de Morisky Green para medir la adherencia al tratamiento y el test de Batalla para medir el conocimiento sobre la infección de Helicobacter pylori. Se realizó la prueba Chi cuadrado para determinar la asociación de los factores con la adherencia al tratamiento y el análisis de regresión logística para estimar RR crudo y RR ajustado. Resultados: De los 100 pacientes, seencontró que el 64% fueron mujeres. El promedio de edad fue de 49,9 años y el 65% fue adherente al tratamiento. Los factores asociados a falta de adherencia al tratamiento fueron: edad menor de 50 años (RR ajustado: 3,95, IC 95%: 1,09-14,33), falta de estudios superiores (RR ajustado: 5,1, IC 95%: 1,26-20,5) y presencia de reacciones adversas (RR ajustado: 5,88, IC 95%: 1,56-22,2). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes resultaron adherentes al tratamiento. Los factores de riesgo para mala adherencia fueron la presencia de reacciones adversas, edad menor de 50 años y la falta de estudios superiores.
Epidemiología y fenotipo de la enfermedad de Crohn en un hospital de referencia en Lima - Perú
Authors: Paredes Méndez Juan Eloy , Alosilla Sandoval Paulo Aníbal , Vargas Marcacuzco Henry Tomas , Junes Pérez Sonia Irene , Fernández Luque Jorge Luis , Mestanza Rivas Plata Ana Lucía , Gonzáles Yovera Gonzáles Yovera
Published: September 2021

La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es una patología inflamatoria crónica del tracto digestivo con gran impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. La epidemiología mundial está cambiando en los últimos años y su prevalencia está aumentando en Latinoamérica. Objetivo: Evaluar las características epidemiológicas, fenotipo, curso clínico, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la EC. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de pacientes con diagnóstico de EC desdeenero 2004 a diciembre 2019 en el servicio de gastroenterología del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima-Perú. Resultados: Se incluyó 55 pacientes, con edad promedio de 56 ± 8,2 años. Predominio masculino (62%). El tiempo promedio de diagnóstico fue de 18 ± 6,1 meses. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: dolor abdominal 72,7% y baja de peso 60%. Las manifestaciones extraintestinales se presentaron en 20%. La localización ileal (36,4%) fue la más frecuente,seguida de la colónica (32,7%). Predominó el fenotipo inflamatorio en la mitad de los pacientes, seguido de estenosante en 25,5%. La actividad clínica y endoscópica más frecuente fue moderada. Para el tratamiento de inducción y mantenimiento, los corticoides sistémicos y la terapia biológica con anti-TNF fueron los más utilizados respectivamente. Aproximadamente un tercio de pacientes requirieron cirugía durante la evolución de la enfermedad. La mortalidad fue del 5,4%. Conclusiones: La EC es una enfermedad cada vez más frecuente en nuestro país, con características epidemiológicas y fenotípicas que difierende otros continentes.
¿Por qué es importante detectar la gastritis atrófica y la metaplasia intestinal gástrica? ¿Cuál es la forma adecuada de hacerlo?
Authors: Sarem Muhannad , Corti Rodolfo
Published: September 2021

La metaplasia intestinal gástrica y la gastritis atrófica son condiciones precancerosas conocidas (CPCs) del estómago, lo que significa que los pacientes con CPCs están en riesgo de desarrollar cáncer gástrico y, por lo tanto, el diagnóstico y la categorización de riesgo para estos pacientes es un tema relevante. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar una actualización sobre el problema, el diagnóstico y el manejo de las CPCs con énfasis en el papel de la detección endoscópica adecuada.
EFFECTS OF JUST-IN-TIME PROCUREMENT STRATEGY ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Mutua Joshua Kyalo , Misoi Dr. Meshack , Boit Dr. Rose
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Just-in-time procurement strategy on organization performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi County.

Methodology: The study adopted a causal research design. To collect primary data the respondents answered questions administered to them through questionnaires. The unit of observation consisted of the Heads of Procurement, Production, Sales and Finance of the food and beverage manufacturing firms located in Nairobi County as listed by Kenya Association of Manufacturers in 2019. The sample size was 83 heads of department. Face validity was used to determine the accuracy of the study instrument while test re-test method was used to determine the reliability. The completed questionnaires were analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques.

Findings: From the study findings Just-in-time (JIT) procurement strategy (β=0.689, t=3.469, p=0.001) had a positive effect on organization performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms. The value of adjusted R2 was 0.167 indicating that there was variation of 16.7 percent on organization performance due to changes in JIT procurement at 95 percent confidence interval.

Conclusion: The study concluded that JIT Procurement strategy has a positive effect on organization performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The overall effect of JIT Procurement strategy on organization performance was 68.9%. The study therefore accepted the alternative hypothesis that JIT procurement strategy has significant effect on organization performance of food and beverages manufacturers in Nairobi County.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Food and beverge manufacturing firms in developing countries should consider implementing JIT Procurement strategy. This will ensure that they purchase the optimal level of items when needed to avoid keeping unnecessary inventory which ties up money and at the same time ensure that there is no shortage so that the customers have to wait. Policy makers in the food and beverage manufacturing sector should consider developing policies to promote JIT Procurement strategy in this industry. Further research should be conducted focusing on the service sector to investigate the effect of JIT Procurement strategy on organization performance for comparison.
IMPACT OF HUMAN POPULATION ON LAND DEGRADATION. A CRITICAL LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Kimani Cassan
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The better management of land resources is essential for sustainability and for improving the quality of life of people living in the city and the peri urban areas who are mostly farmers With major changes being agricultural land use giving way to residential land use in the peri urban area, access to agricultural land is drastically reduced causing food insecurity problems in the region. The general objective of the study was to establish the access the impact of human population on land degradation.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Findings: The study found out that increase in human population has resulted to more land-use and land cover changes are likely to take place as more land is converted over time, forest to agricultural land, and agricultural land to built-up land, which threatens the existence of agricultural land and water sources in the future.

Recommendations: The study recommends that there is the need for stakeholder participation and institutionalize stakeholders’ participations in land use planning process and urban planning. It is only when the public and land owners are well informed about land management issues that a positive change of attitude, adherence to laws on land use among others can be achieved. The county government and the national governments should come up with policies to outlaw arbitrary sale of land especially in areas where the main form of land use is agriculture to enhance the effectiveness of zoning regulations. It is important that the management of land be made the first priority in the study area and the nation as a whole. The various land sector agencies and institutions responsible for land management should enforce the existing laws on land management
A Comparison of Three Methods for Measuring Local Urban Tree Canopy Cover
Authors: King Kristen , Locke Dexter
Published: September 2021

Measurements of urban tree canopy cover are crucial for managing urban forests and required for the quantification of the benefits provided by trees. These types of data are increasingly used to secure funding and justify large-scale planting programs in urban areas. Comparisons of tree canopy measurement methods have been conducted before, but a rapidly evolving set of new technologies and applications may leave urban foresters wondering, “Which method is most appropriate for my circumstances?” This analysis compares two well-established measures of local tree canopy and building cover with a third, relatively untested technique. Field-based visual estimations (using the USDA Forest Service’s i-Tree protocols), summaries of highresolution land cover data using geographic information systems (GIS), and an analysis of skyward-oriented hemispherical photographs at 215 roadside sites across the five diverse counties of New York City, New York, U.S., are the methods evaluated herein. The study authors found no statistically significant differences between the methods when comparing tree canopy; however, the hemispherical camera had a tendency to overestimate building coverage. It is concluded that hemispheric photo techniques are understudied in urban areas, and that the i-Tree and GIS-based approaches are complementary and reinforcing tools indispensable for both the urban forest management and research communities.
Establishing Maximum Size Expectations for Urban Trees with Regard to Designed Space
Authors: Sanders Jessica , Grabosky Jason , Cowie Paul
Published: September 2021

One issue confronting the application of forest management principles to urban tree canopy management decisions is the lack of data correlating site, tree size, and tree age. Researchers tested whether terminal size (stem diameter) can be linked to site type for informed management and design decisions. Data were considered from eleven New Jersey, U.S. communities. Diameter breast height (DBH) distribution established regionalized service life expectancies of commonly planted species by site type and expected maximum DBH. The goal was to develop a method to identify trees approaching senescence within an inventory. Three common urban landscape site types were used: tree pit, planting strip, and unlimited soil. Thirty-one taxa were present in large enough populations to use in species-specific analysis. The species were classified into small, medium, and large size categories based on published growth expectations. The study authors developed DBH occurrence percentiles, and DBH within the ninety-fifth were described as a maximum size range. There was a significant difference in maximum sizes between planting site types. Regardless of the size class of the tree, the data showed reduced planting space resulted in reduced maximum size.
Tree Growth and Resilience to Extreme Drought Across an Urban Land-use Gradient
Authors: Fahey Robert , Bialecki Margaret , Carter David
Published: September 2021

Understanding the response of urban forests to extreme climatic events, such as drought, will be essential to predicting impacts of climate change on the urban tree canopy and related ecosystem services. This study evaluated variation in tree growth and drought resistance (growth during drought) and resilience (growth in period following drought) across four land-use categories (built, transportation, park, and semi-natural forest) and four species (Acer saccharum, Gymnocladus dioicus, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Pinus strobus) at The Morton Arboretum in suburban Lisle, Illinois, U.S. Tree growth and resistance to drought both varied as an interaction between landuse and species (F15, 100 = 5.25, p < 0.001; F15, 100 = 2.42, p = 0.005). Resilience of tree growth to extreme drought was generally high and did not vary across species and land-uses. In this study, individual tree species responses to drought varied across land-uses, illustrating the difficulty of predicting the reaction of urban forests to projected increases in the frequency of extreme climatic events. Tree growth response to drought varied even across the relatively narrow range of growing conditions studied here. Investigation of a broader range of sites, encompassing the full urban forest continuum, would likely demonstrate even greater variation in tree response to extreme climatic events.
Wind-Thrown Trees: Storms or Management?
Authors: Moore G.M.
Published: September 2021

Images of wind-thrown trees make for dramatic news coverage. The implied message in most coverage is that strong winds and heavy rain are the cause of the tree failure. However, is the storm the only cause of the tree falling? Many other, and often bigger, trees did not fall. This feature article reviews some of the current literature relating to windthrow of trees. The size and characteristics of tree canopies have a profound influence of the forces that winds exert on tree trunks and roots systems, while the characteristics of tree root systems often determine whether trees fail during storms. The results of a site inspection suggest that there may be other factors, such as the history of the tree and the history of management practices to which the tree has been exposed, which may contribute to its failure during a storm. Site inspections of 80 wind-thrown trees from eight different genera were conducted over a period of 20 years. The inspections revealed that damage to exposed lateral roots (87.5%), the loss of descending roots (88.8%), and evidence of soil compaction at the base of the tree (65%) were often coincident with windthrow. Evidence of trenching near the trunk of the tree (58.8%) and waterlogging of the soil around the base of the tree (56.3%) were also common correlates. The literature surveyed and the results presented not only suggest where aspects of urban tree management might be improved, but may also prove helpful to arborists assessing tree hazards related to possible windthrow. Inspection protocol criteria should include damaged or decayed lateral roots, the loss of descending roots, evidence of site or trenching work close to the trunk, and whether trees are growing in compacted and waterlogged soil.
Pruning of Buttress Roots and Stability Changes of Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
Authors: Smiley E. Thomas , Holmes Liza , Fraedrich Bruce
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of buttress root pruning on tree stability and to compare different methods of correlating various root parameters to force levels. Ten plantation-grown Acer rubrum (red maple) trees were pulled to an angle of one degree from vertical with measured force, then roots were individually severed near the trunk and the pull tests were repeated until roots had been pruned from 50% of the circumference. Test trees had 6 to 10 buttress roots. There was a nearly direct linear relation between the number of roots removed and the force applied. When comparing four assessment methods to determine pull force change associated with root pruning, the method that had the greatest amount of variability explained by the regression was the comparison of the cross-sectional area of roots cut to the force. However, relating the percentage of buttress roots cut to the force provided only slightly less accurate information, and was more easily collected prior to tree removal.
Tree Water Stress and Insect Geographic Origin Influence Patterns of Herbivory by Borers in Green (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and Manchurian (F. mandshurica) Ash
Authors: Martinson Holly M. , Sargent Chris , Raupp Michael J.
Published: September 2021

Emerald ash borer (EAB),Agrilus planipennis(Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is a devastating buprestid beetle introduced to North America from Asia. Asian ash trees exhibit resistance to EAB, likely due to a shared co-evolutionary history. Resistance to one pest, however, does not necessarily confer resistance to others. Should Asian ash be highly susceptible to North American herbivores, the utility of such species for hybridization, breeding programs, and establishment in managed landscapes could be compromised. Common urban problems, such as drought stress, can increase borer attack and survival and may further complicate the search for resistant plant material. The objectives of this study were to examine the relative susceptibility of green (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) and Manchurian (F. mandshurica) ash to EAB and indigenous borers and whether that susceptibility changed with drought stress. In a common garden experiment, EAB occurred more frequently and reached higher abundances in green than Manchurian ash. The frequency and abundance of bark beetles (Curculionidae), North American native clearwing borers (Sesiidae), and longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) were similar in the two ash species. Generation time of EAB was uniformly one year and did not depend on ash species or water stress. Although borers increased as expected in stressed trees, the relative susceptibility of green and Manchurian ash to borers did not change. The findings suggest Manchurian ash may be resistant to several classes of borers, regardless of insect geographic origin, although these conclusions should be viewed with some caution until the results can be verified in larger trees.
Preventing Death andTaxus: Review and Recommendations for ManagingTaxusin the Landscape with Overview onPhytophthora cinnamomi, Soil, and Nutrition Status
Authors: Taylor Matthew D.
Published: September 2021

At least three major gardens or arboreta in the USA have experienced periods of significant decline and death of matureTaxus(yews) in the landscape. The symptoms displayed on declining plants are described as chlorosis of the needles, partial defoliation, and death of some of the branches. Eventually, the entire plant may die, but they are typically removed before reaching this stage. Information on managing matureTaxusin the landscape is limited. The objective of this article is to review the literature onTaxuscultural practices and use the information to develop best management practices forTaxusin the landscape. Soil moisture is the most critical factor for health of plants in the landscape. Saturated soils create anaerobic conditions for roots and create an environment ideal for root infection byPhytophthora cinnamomi, the major root pathogen affectingTaxus. During planting, proper site selection and well-drained soil are crucial for the long-term survival of plants. After planting, irrigation should be managed to avoid saturated soil. Management from a nutritional standpoint is poorly understood. Maintaining an appropriate pH of 6.0 to 7.0 and fertilizing plants based on soil and tissue testing is recommended. More research needs to be done to determine optimal fertilization rates and appropriate nutrient concentration in tissue and in soil. When plants become symptomatic, soil should be tested forP. cinnamomi. If the fungus is present, appropriate chemical controls should be used.
Proposta de definição interdisciplinar de nome próprio
Authors: Sipavicius Seide Márcia
Published: September 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de definição interdisciplinar do conceito de nome próprio elaborada com base na Onomástica Cognitiva (SJÖBLOM, 2010), na Teoria da Relevância (SPERBER  WILSON ,2001 [1995],  SEIDE SCHULTZ, 2014), na Neurolinguística (VAN LANGENDONCK, 2007), e no conhecimento onomástico do falante ideal (SEIDE, 2021). Na primeira seção deste artigo, descrevem-se o objeto de estudo da Onomástica e as características da subárea da Onomástica em que se insere a pesquisa. Na segunda, são retomadas considerações a respeito dos nomes próprios feitas para sua definição como endereço conceitual. Na terceira seção, apresentam-se as descobertas neurolinguísticas e a descrição do conhecimento onomástico do falante ideal, as quais são integradas resultando na redefinição de nome próprio descrita ao final da terceira seção. Na quarta e última seção do artigo, são descritas algumas implicações dessa redefinição para os estudos onomásticos.  Proposal of interdisciplinary definition of proper nameAbstract: This article makes a proposal of interdisciplinary definition of the concept of proper name based on Cognitive Onomastics (SJÖBLOM, 2010), Theory of Relevance (SPERBER WILSON, 2001 [1995], SEIDE SCHULTZ, 2014, Neurolinguistics (VAN LANGENDONCK, 2007) and the onomastic knowledge of the ideal speaker (SEIDE, 2021). In the first section of this article, the object of study of Onomastics and the characteristics of the onomastic subarea in which the research is included are described. In the second, considerations about proper made by Sperber and Wilson (2001 [1995]) are integrated to the definition of proper names as a conceptual address. In the third section, the neurolinguistic discoveries and the description of the onomastic knowledge of the ideal speaker are presented and integrated and the proper name redefinition is described. In the fourth and final section of the article, some implications of this redefinition for onomastics studies are described.Keywords: Proper name, Cognitive Onomastics, Relevance Theory, Neurolinguistics. Onomastic Knowledge of   Ideal Speaker.
DIFICULDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM NA LEITURA E NA ESCRITA DE ALUNOS DO 2º ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL I
Authors: Lima Andreza , Ximenes Cláudia , Isaltino Silvia
Published: September 2021

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a intervenção pedagógica dos professores frente às dificuldades de aprendizagem na leitura e na escrita de alunos do 2º ano do ensino fundamental I. Optou-se por uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativa, bibliográfica e com pesquisa de campo, através do uso de questionário online, devido ao momento da pandemia da COVID- 19. Participaram quatro (4) professores da escola particular Felipe Magalhães, situada em Jaboatão dos Guararapes - PE. O embasamento teórico contou com a contribuição de Soares (1998), Veiga (2002), Leite (2012), dentre outros. Por fim, verificou-se que as dificuldades de aprendizagem advêm de diversos fatores que podem atingir grande parte dos alunos, representando um desafio que precisa ser superado no âmbito escolar. A intervenção pedagógica para a superação de tais dificuldades deve ser no sentido de mudança no papel do professor e da metodologia adotada em sala de aula, criando projetos, momentos lúdicos e oficinas pedagógicas com o intuito de prevenir e/ou acabar com as dificuldades identificadas. Palavras-chave: Dificuldade de aprendizagem. Papel do professor. Intervenção pedagógica.
How Many Features is an Image Worth? Multi-Channel CNN for Steering Angle Prediction in Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Munger Jason , W. Morato Carlos
Published: September 2021

This project explores how raw image data obtained from AV cameras can provide a model with more spatial information than can be learned from simple RGB images alone. This paper leverages the advances of deep neural networks to demonstrate steering angle predictions of autonomous vehicles through an end-to-end multi-channel CNN model using only the image data provided from an onboard camera. Image data is processed through existing neural networks to provide pixel segmentation and depth estimates and input to a new neural network along with the raw input image to provide enhanced feature signals from the environment. Various input combinations of Multi-Channel CNNs are evaluated, and their effectiveness is compared to single CNN networks using the individual data inputs. The model with the most accurate steering predictions is identified and performance compared to previous neural networks.
Research on Task Scheduling Strategy based on the Trustworthiness of MapReduce
Authors: Jun QIN , Yanyan SONG , Ping ZONG
Published: September 2021

With the rapid development and popularization of information technology, cloud computing technology provides a good environment for solving massive data processing. Hadoop is an open-source implementation of MapReduce and has the ability to process large amounts of data. Aiming at the shortcomings of the fault-tolerant technology in the MapReduce programming model, this paper proposes a reliability task scheduling strategy that introduces a failure recovery mechanism, evaluates the trustworthiness of resource nodes in the cloud environment, establishes a trustworthiness model, and avoids task allocation to low reliability node, causing the task to be re-executed, wasting time and resources. Finally, the simulation platform CloudSim verifies the validity and stability of the task scheduling algorithm and scheduling model proposed in this paper.
More than a 'Jágir': Representation of transformative ethos in English teachers’ solicited reflections
Authors: Kafle Hem Raj
Published: September 2021

This article is based on a generative reading of six English teachers’ solicited responses to reflective questions framed by undergraduate students of science, engineering and management in Kathmandu University. The reading unfolds four aspects of ethos in the participants – spontaneity, specialties, specialization and stability – and six frames of reference corresponding with the transformative journey of each participant – teaching is living, made for teaching, making things happen, empowering female students, performing the ideal image and positioned in the opposition. The paper further infers three general traits of the participants as transformed teachers: first, the personality that transcends grumbling and regretting for trivial lacunae involved in the field of teaching; second, the portrayal of a positive picture of teaching as a gifted field; and third, empathy for the students and emphasis on their responsibility of bringing positive changes in students’ lives and in the society at large.
Autoethnography: Writing lives and telling stories
Authors: Luitel Bal Chandra , Dahal Niroj
Published: September 2021

Autoethnography covers a wide range of narrative representations, thereby bridging the gap of the boundaries by expressing autoethnographers’ painful and gainful lived experiences. These representations arise from local stories, vignettes, dialogues, and role plays by unfolding action, reaction, and interaction in the form of self-narration. Likewise, the autoethnographic texts must exhibit the autoethnographers’ critical reflections on the overall process of the inquiry. These exhibitions shall alert the autoethnographers’ research ethics, reflexivity, alternative modes of representation, inquiry, and storytelling. The original articles in this issue that rises from the domain of critical social theories within the various ranges of theoretical perspectives include journeying through informing, reforming, and transforming teacher education; critical ethnographic research tradition; a critical and political reading of the excerpts of myths; climate change education and its interface with indigenous knowledge and general traits of the participants as transformed teachers.
Study on Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Logistics Transport Development: HCM, Vietnam Case
Authors: Hanh Vu Thi Kim
Published: September 2021

The Foreign Direct investment (FDI) plays crucial role on an economy, especially the developing countries like Vietnam. FDI impacts strongly and deeply on the economic sector in a nation. This paper has an objective to measure the impact of FDI on logistics transport development in Ho Chi Minh (HCM), Vietnam by using multivariate regression. The important results are: while registered FDI capital and number of FDI projects have impact, operating FDI capital does not impact productivity of freight calculated on labour of logistics transport industry (LTI); while number of FDI projects and operating FDI capital have impact, registered FDI capital does not have impact on productivity of passenger based on labour in LTI calculations; while registered FDI capital and number of FDI projects have impact, operating FDI capital does not impact productivity of freight calculated on capital in LTI; while registered FDI and operating FDI had impact, number of FDI projects does not impact gross domestic products.
Study on Structure of Labour Force Divided by Economic Sector: HCM, Vietnam Case
Authors: Hanh Vu Thi Kim
Published: September 2021

Labour force plays a crucial role and it is the strategy of a country. The paper has objective to assess how impact of labour force structure is divided by economic sectors on logistics transport development in Ho Chi Minh (HCM), Vietnam. Author uses Estimating Logistics regression by Maximum Log Likelihood (LRML) and Assessing fit of a Logistics Regression (AFLR) with the time series data between 2005 and 2019. The notable results are cumulative percentage (%) of impact of Labour force on state sector, Labour force on outside state sector and Labour force on foreign investing sector, ranging from 14% to 100%. The lowest level is 10% in 2005. The highest level is 100% in 2019. Cumulative % of logistics transport development impacted was at the lowest level of 7% and the highest level of 100%. The impact level fluctuated upwards between 2006 and 2015. The Cumulative % of impact of Labour force on state sector, Labour force on outside state sector and Labour force on foreign investing sector, and Cumulative % of logistics transport development were impacted at different levels.
USO DE SUBSTÂNCIAS FARMACOLÓGICAS ATRAVÉS DA MESOTERAPIA NO TRATAMENTO DA GORDURA LOCALIZADA
Authors: Lourenço Lhorena Paula da Silva , Duarte Elaine Miranda Padilha , Martins Barbara Xavier Barbosa , Sousa Débora Cristina Rodrigues , Dolabela Doris Cristina Freitas , Ribeiro Shenia Miranda , Fernandes Rayka Alves , Reis Luiz Fernando Alves dos
Published: September 2021

A procura no mercado por procedimentos estéticos tem apresentado progressivo crescimento, uma vez que oferece ao consumidor uma diversidade de recursos terapêuticos visando a harmonização corporal e a satisfação pessoal.  Recursos como a mesoterapia que facilita o processo de lipólise têm sido cada vez mais procurados, visto que o aumento da gordura corporal principalmente a localizada, contribui para a baixa autoestima, interferindo diretamente na qualidade de vida. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a eficácia da utilização da mesoterapia no tratamento de gordura localizada. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, utilizou-se como recurso metodológico, a pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória com caráter descritivo, tendo como bases documentos extraídos de dados virtuais Scientific Electronic Library Online (Sciello), Google acadêmico e demais sites científicos, para obtenção de artigos, teses, monografias, dissertações e livros envolvidos no tema proposto. As palavras-chave utilizadas para a pesquisa foram: mesoterapia, gordura localizada, tecido adiposo, hipoderme, ação lipolítica, metabolismo dos adipócitos. A mesoterapia com uso de substâncias lipolíticas, aminoácidos, vitaminas, promove a quebra de triglicerídeos e a liberação de ácidos graxos livres no tecido adiposo, havendo diminuição significativa da biometria corporal de forma rápida e segura. Cabe ao biomédico qualificado, determinar a terapêutica indicada e as substâncias a serem utilizadas mediante a avaliação individual de cada paciente.
Opinion: Papers that shaped tropospheric chemistry
Authors: Monks Paul S. , Ravishankara A. R. , von Schneidemesser Erika , Sommariva Roberto
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Which published papers have transformed our understanding of the chemical
processes in the troposphere and shaped the field of atmospheric chemistry?
By way of expert solicitation and interactive peer review, this paper
explores the influence of the ideas in peer-reviewed articles based on
input from our community of atmospheric scientists. We explore how these
papers have shaped the development of the field of atmospheric chemistry
and identify the major landmarks in the field of atmospheric chemistry
through the lens of those papers' impact on science, legislation and
environmental events. We also explore the ways in which one can identify the
papers that have most impacted the field and discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of the various approaches. Our work highlights the difficulty
of creating a simple list, and we explore the reasons for this difficulty.
The paper also provides a history of the development of our understanding of
tropospheric chemistry and points some ways for the future.
Infrasound measurement system for real-time in-situ tornado measurements
Authors: White Brandon C. , Elbing Brian R. , Faruque Imraan A.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Previous work suggests that acoustic waves at frequencies below human hearing (infrasound) are produced during tornadogenesis and continue through the life of a tornado, which have potential to locate and profile tornadic events and provide a range improvement relative to current radar capabilities, which are the current primary measurement tool. Confirming and identifying the fluid mechanism responsible for infrasonic production has been impeded by limited availability and quality (propagation-related uncertainty) of tornadic infrasound data. This paper describes an effort to increase the number of measurements and reduce the uncertainty in subsequent analysis by equipping storm chasers and first responders in regular proximity to tornadoes with mobile infrasound measurement capabilities. The study focus is the design, calibration, deployment, and analysis of data collected by a Ground-based Local INfrasound Data Acquisition (GLINDA) system that collects and relays data from an infrasound microphone, GPS receiver, and an IMU. GLINDA has been deployed with storm chasers beginning in May 2020 and has provided continuing real-time automated monitoring of spectrum and peak detection. In analysis of sampled severe weather phenomena, the signal measured from an EFU tornado (Lakin, KS) show an elevated broadband signal between 10 and 15 Hz. A significant hail event produced no significant increase infrasound signal despite rotation in the storm. The consistency of these observations with existing fixed array measurements and real-time tools to reduce measurement uncertainty demonstrates the value of acquiring tornado infrasound observations from mobile on-location systems and introduces a capability for real-time processing and display of mobile infrasonic measurements.
Estimation of date and magnitude of four major earthquakes using integration of precursors obtained from remote sensing data
Authors: Khoshgoftar Mohammad Mahdi , Saradjian Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2021

Abstract. A single precursor is not usually an accurate, precise and adequate measure to predict earthquake parameters. Therefore, it is more appropriate to exploit parameters extracted from several other single precursors, so that their simultaneous combinations may reduce the uncertainty of the prediction. In this study, remote sensing observations in different modalities acquired from several days before impending earthquakes have been investigated to extract earthquake parameters. They are observations in electron and ion density, electron temperature, Total Electron Content (TEC), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Surface Latent Heat Flux (SLHF), and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) clear sky. Regarding the ionospheric precursors, the geomagnetic indices Dst, Kp, Ap and F10.7 were used to detect pre-earthquake disturbances from frequent anomalies associated with geomagnetic activity. In this study, three methods of median, support vector regression (SVR) and random forest (RF) have been used to detect anomalies. When anomalies associated with impending earthquakes are detected, the number of prior days associated with the earthquake is estimated based on the type of precursor. Then, by estimation of the amount of anomaly deviation from the normal state, the magnitude of the impending earthquake is estimated. The final earthquake parameters (such as date and magnitude) can be obtained by integrating the earthquake parameters extracted from different earthquake precursors using mean square error (MSE) method.
Venice flooding and sea level: past evolution, present issues, and future projections (introduction to the special issue)
Authors: Lionello Piero , Nicholls Robert J. , Umgiesser Georg , Zanchettin Davide
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Venice is an iconic place and a paradigm of huge historical and cultural values at risk. The frequency of the flooding of the city centre has dramatically increased in recent decades, and this threat is expected to continue to grow – and even accelerate – through this century. This special issue is a collection of three review articles addressing different and complementary aspects of the hazards causing the floods of Venice, namely (1) the relative sea level rise, (2) the occurrence of extreme water heights, and (3) the prediction of extreme water heights and floods. It emerges that the effect of compound events poses critical challenges to the forecast of floods, particularly from the perspective of effectively operating the new mobile barriers (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico – MoSE) in Venice and that the relative sea level rise is the key factor determining the future growth of the flood hazard, so that the present defence strategy is likely to become inadequate within this century under a high-emission scenario. Two strands of research are needed in the future. First, there is a need to better understand and reduce the uncertainty of the future evolution of the relative sea level and its extremes at Venice. However, this uncertainty might not be substantially reduced in the near future, reflecting the uncertain anthropogenic emissions and structural model features. Hence, complementary adaptive planning strategies appropriate for conditions of uncertainty should be explored and developed in the future.
Sea-level rise in Venice: historic and future trends (review article)
Authors: Zanchettin Davide , Bruni Sara , Raicich Fabio , Lionello Piero , Adloff Fanny , Androsov Alexey , Antonioli Fabrizio , Artale Vincenzo , Carminati Eugenio , Ferrarin Christian , Fofonova Vera , Nicholls Robert J. , Rubinetti Sara , Rubino Angelo , Sannino Gianmaria , Spada Giorgio , Thiéblemont Rémi , Tsimplis Michael , Umgiesser Georg , Vignudelli Stefano , Wöppelmann Guy , Zerbini Susanna
Published: September 2021

Abstract. The city of Venice and the surrounding lagoonal ecosystem are highly vulnerable to variations in relative sea level. In the past ∼150 years, this was characterized by an average rate of relative sea-level rise of about 2.5 mm/year resulting from the combined contributions of vertical land movement and sea-level rise. This literature review reassesses and synthesizes the progress achieved in quantification, understanding and prediction of the individual contributions to local relative sea level, with a focus on the most recent studies. Subsidence contributed to about half of the historical relative sea-level rise in Venice. The current best estimate of the average rate of sea-level rise during the observational period from 1872 to 2019 based on tide-gauge data after removal of subsidence effects is 1.23 ± 0.13 mm/year. A higher – but more uncertain – rate of sea-level rise is observed for more recent years. Between 1993 and 2019, an average change of about +2.76 ± 1.75 mm/year is estimated from tide-gauge data after removal of subsidence. Unfortunately, satellite altimetry does not provide reliable sea-level data within the Venice Lagoon. Local sea-level changes in Venice closely depend on sea-level variations in the Adriatic Sea, which in turn are linked to sea-level variations in the Mediterranean Sea. Water mass exchange through the Strait of Gibraltar and its drivers currently constitute a source of substantial uncertainty for estimating future deviations of the Mediterranean mean sea-level trend from the global-mean value. Regional atmospheric and oceanic processes will likely contribute significant interannual and interdecadal future variability in Venetian sea level with a magnitude comparable to that observed in the past. On the basis of regional projections of sea-level rise and an understanding of the local and regional processes affecting relative sea-level trends in Venice, the likely range of atmospherically corrected relative sea-level rise in Venice by 2100 ranges between 32 and 62 cm for the RCP2.6 scenario and between 58 and 110 cm for the RCP8.5 scenario, respectively. A plausible but unlikely high-end scenario linked to strong ice-sheet melting yields about 180 cm of relative sea-level rise in Venice by 2100. Projections of human-induced vertical land motions are currently not available, but historical evidence demonstrates that they have the potential to produce a significant contribution to the relative sea-level rise in Venice, exacerbating the hazard posed by climatically induced sea-level changes.
The prediction of floods in Venice: methods, models and uncertainty (review article)
Authors: Umgiesser Georg , Bajo Marco , Ferrarin Christian , Cucco Andrea , Lionello Piero , Zanchettin Davide , Papa Alvise , Tosoni Alessandro , Ferla Maurizio , Coraci Elisa , Morucci Sara , Crosato Franco , Bonometto Andrea , Valentini Andrea , Orlić Mirko , Haigh Ivan D. , Nielsen Jacob Woge , Bertin Xavier , Fortunato André Bustorff , Pérez Gómez Begoña , Alvarez Fanjul Enrique , Paradis Denis , Jourdan Didier , Pasquet Audrey , Mourre Baptiste , Tintoré Joaquín , Nicholls Robert J.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. This paper reviews the state of the art in storm surge forecasting and its particular application in the northern Adriatic Sea. The city of Venice already depends on operational storm surge forecasting systems to warn the population and economy of imminent flood threats, as well as help to protect the extensive cultural heritage. This will be more important in the future, with the new mobile barriers called MOSE (MOdulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico, Experimental Electromechanical Module) that will be completed by 2021. The barriers will depend on accurate storm surge forecasting to control their operation. In this paper, the physics behind the flooding of Venice is discussed, and the state of the art of storm surge forecasting in Europe is reviewed. The challenges for the surge forecasting systems are analyzed, especially in view of uncertainty. This includes consideration of selected historic extreme events that were particularly difficult to forecast. Four potential improvements are identified: (1) improve meteorological forecasts, (2) develop ensemble forecasting, (3) assimilation of water level measurements and (4) develop a multimodel approach.
Correlation dispersion as a measure to better estimate uncertainty of remotely sensed glacier displacements
Authors: Altena Bas , Kääb Andreas , Wouters Bert
Published: September 2021

Abstract. In recent years a vast amount of glacier surface velocity data from satellite imagery has emerged based on correlation between repeat images. Thereby, much emphasis has been put on fast processing of large data volumes. The metadata of such measurements are often highly simplified when the measurement precision is lumped into a single number for the whole dataset, although the error budget of image matching is in reality not isotropic and constant over the whole velocity field. The spread of the correlation peak of individual image offset measurements is dependent on the image content and the non-uniform flow of the ice. Precise dispersion estimates for each individual velocity measurement can be important for inversion of, for instance, rheology, ice thickness and/or bedrock friction. Errors in the velocity data can propagate into derived results in a complex and exaggerating way, making the outcomes very sensitive to velocity noise and errors. Here, we present a computationally fast method to estimate the matching precision of individual displacement measurements from repeat imaging data, focussing on satellite data. The approach is based upon Gaussian fitting directly on the correlation peak and is formulated as a linear least squares estimation, making its implementation into current pipelines straightforward. The methodology is demonstrated for Sermeq Kujalleq, Greenland, a glacier with regions of strong shear flow and with clearly oriented crevasses, and Malaspina Glacier, Alaska. Directionality within an image seems to be dominant factor influencing the correlation dispersion. In our cases these are crevasses and moraine bands, while a relation to differential flow, such as shear, is less pronounced.
Identificación de capacidades digitales en estudiantes y docentes en educación media superior mexicana
Authors: Tarango Javier , González-Quiñones Fidel , Morales-Ángel Elsa Ivonne
Published: September 2021

Objetivo. Describe las capacidades de estudiantes y docentes de Educación Media Superior (EMS) con el fin de identificar sus habilidades para el uso efectivo de las TIC, niveles de alfabetización informacional, habilidades de comunicación usando las tecnologías y competencias en la generación de contenidos.Método. Es una investigación tipo cuantitativa (basada en la medición numérica y el análisis estadístico) y aplicada (propone establecer patrones de comportamiento), basada en un diseño de investigación no experimenal transeccional descriptivo, con un modo de campo empírico recolectando información a través de un cuestionario aplicando muestreos aleatorios de estudiantes y docentes de bachillerato general (no especializado o técnico).Resultados. Se observa una variabilidad de tendencias en los propósitos en el uso de las TIC, tanto en docentes como en estudiantes, en la categoría de niveles bajos, al favorecer en términos generales a los primeros, poniendo de manifiesto la necesidad de acrecentar tales condiciones en razón de mejorar los procesos educativos y sociales a través del uso de las tecnologías.Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos favorecen a los docentes, ya que el estudio diagnóstico no se basa sólo en horas de conexión sino en la capacidad de utilizar el tiempo para realizar actividades productivas. Se propone establecer mecanismos de monitoreo para determinar el uso de las tecnologías en aspectos productivos y no sólamente en cuestiones lúdicas, así como en medir formas de impacto positivo en la competitividad de los sujetos y de la comunidades escolares.