Pergeseran Paradigma Distribusi Film Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 dan Prediksi Eksistensi Bioskop Pascapandemi Covid-19
Authors: Patawari Muhammad Yunus , Sugiyanto Dyah Rachmawati 
Published: October 2022

Cinema is one industry that is not affected by digital disruption. As a means of distribution and exhibition of conventional films, cinemas have the ability to adapt to digital innovation; starting from the audio-visual projection device; ticket booking, and payment system; to 3D technology. In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic which has pushed the world economy back, cinemas are dying. The existence of cinemas is influenced by two factors, namely the distribution of films and the factors of moviegoers. The restrictions on social activities due to the pandemic have really shifted the paradigm of these two factors into online distribution and online streaming movie audiences. This study analyzes the paradigm shift in film distribution during the pandemic and post-pandemic. This study uses “A three-stage model of theory building” as an analytical tool which is part of the descriptive-qualitative methodology. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic is an anomaly that shifts the paradigm of conventional film distribution. Cinema has analytical paralysis so that it is unable to provide answers and solutions to existing problems. This proves that new media is not a deadly threat to the existence of cinema, but the value and function of the film’s socialization itself have been deprived. There are 5 factors why cinema continues to thrive as post-covid-19 film distribution and exhibition medium: cinema adaptation, presenting a unique experience of watching the big screen, the nature of entertainment and socialization, the historical value of cinema, and the economic value of cinema.Bioskop merupakan salah satu industri yang tidak terpengaruh oleh disrupsi digital. Sebagai sarana distribusi dan ekshibisi film konvensional, bioskop memiliki kemampuan beradaptasi terhadap inovasi digital, mulai dari perangkat proyeksi audio visual, sistem pemesanan dan pembayaran tiket, hingga teknologi 3Dimensi. Di tengah pandemi Covid-19 yang memukul mundur perekonomian dunia, bioskop seperti mengalami “kematian” yang sangat cepat. Eksistensi bioskop dipengaruhi oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor distribusi film dan faktor penonton film. Pembatasan kegiatan sosial akibat pandemi telah menggeser paradigma kedua faktor tersebut sepenuhnya menjadi distribusi online dan penonton film online streaming. Penelitian ini berisi analisis pergeseran paradigma distribusi film pada masa pandemi dan pascapandemi. Penelitian ini menggunakan a threestage model of theory building sebagai alat analisis yang merupakan bagian dari metodologi deskriptif-kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandemi Covid-19 merupakan anomali yang menggeser paradigma distribusi film konvensional, sebab bioskop mengalami kelumpuhan analitik sehingga tidak mampu memberi jawaban dan solusi terhadap persoalan yang ada. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa media baru (new media) bukanlah sesuatu yang menjadi ancaman mematikan bagi eksistensi bioskop, melainkan ancaman terbesar adalah tercabutnya nilai dan fungsi sosialisasi film itu sendiri. Terdapat lima faktor mengapa bioskop masih akan tetap berjaya sebagai media distribusi dan ekshibisi film pascapandemi Covid-19, yaitu daya adaptasi bioskop, pengalaman unik menonton layar lebar, sifat hiburan dan sosialisasi, nilai historis bioskop, serta nilai ekonomis bioskop.