bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flavored Tobacco Products (FTPs): A New-generation Gimmick in the Indian Market—A Narrative Review
Authors: Sahni Heena , Sharma Hunny , Verma Swati , Tiwari Abhilasha , Sharma Aditi , Malhotra Harsha
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Flavored tobacco products (FTPs) have gained global popularity but are associated with significant health concerns. These products, which include flavored cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, hookahs, and nicotine dissolvable, come in a range of different flavors. For example, cigarettes come in a variety of flavors, including menthol, alcohol, spices, and herbs, which are more appealing to young adults, and fruit or candy, which are more appealing to kids. Despite the perceived safety of these flavorings for consumption, their toxicity remains largely unknown. Additionally, the deliberate promotion of FTPs by the tobacco industry in emerging nations such as India has hindered tobacco control efforts. The current review seeks to offer a thorough examination of additives used in tobacco, the various flavors found in emerging tobacco products, patterns of consumption, strategies employed in marketing, and the necessity for regulating these emerging tobacco products. A systematic review methodology was employed for this narrative review using relevant medical subject headings (MeSH) terms. The literature search was conducted between March 2022 and March 2023, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, guidelines, advisory, survey reports, factsheets, editorial, communication, and news related to topic of interest. Pertinent articles were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The synthesized results illuminate the prevalence and usage of tobacco products with flavors in the market, effectively fulfilling the research objectives. Moreover, in addition to fulfilling the research objectives, the synthesized results offer valuable perspectives on how FTPs influence patterns of tobacco use, particularly among the younger population. These findings underscore the need for effective regulations and guidelines to curb the appeal and consumption of FTPs, ultimately reducing the prevalence of smoking-related disorders and promoting public health.
Incidence and Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity (Rop): A Prospective Follow-up Study from Sub-himalayan Union Territory (UT) of India
Authors: Gupta Riya , Gupta Satish K. , Gupta Rajiv K. , Gupta Surbhi , Mahajan Richa , Kumari Rashmi , Langer Bhavna
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Purpose:

The study was aimed to elucidate the incidence and associated risk factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) in new-born babies in a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India.

Methods:

The present study was a prospective follow-up study involved in the screening of new-born babies who are at risk of developing ROP conducted in the Ophthalmology department of a teaching hospital in Jammu district, India.

Results:

During the course of the present study, 199 infants were screened and 13 were found to be having ROP. Incidence of ROP thus was 6.53%. Univariate analysis revealed that neonatal factors like birth weight, O2 supplementation >5 days, patent ductus arterious, sepsis and apnoea of prematurity were significantly associated with ROP (P < 0.05). C-PAP and mechanical ventilation (>5 days) were the only significant predictors for ROP on multivariate logistic regression.

Conclusion:

A relatively low incidence of ROP was observed with neonatal risk factors more significantly associated with ROP. The prevention of pre-term births and sustaining the gains in neonatal care should go a long way to reduce the incidence of ROP in infants.
Period Prevalence and Determinants of Antara Injectable Contraceptive use among Women of Reproductive Age Group in a Tribal Village of Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Authors: Solanki Preeti , Bariya Bhaveshbhai R. , Mahyavanshi Darshankumar
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Antara injectable contraceptive is a safe, low-cost, reversible, and highly effective contraceptive method. The objectives of the study were to estimate the period prevalence of injectable contraceptive use and its determinants among women of reproductive age group in a tribal village of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (DNH), India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at two sub-centers, and women of reproductive age groups were selected using a simple random sampling method. Data was collected about sociodemographic details, obstetric history, knowledge, and perceptions about Antara injection and its practice among Antara users. Mean, median, and proportion were used for quantitative variables, whereas qualitative attributes were presented by proportion. To find out the predictors of injectable contraceptive use, binary logistic regression was applied, taking injectable contraceptive use as the dependent variable.

Results:

The study participants had a mean age of 31.8 years (standard deviation: 7.1). The majority of them were homemakers (94%) and had received primary education (47.4%). Among the total 325 participants, only 15 women had used Antara injectable in the last year, resulting in a period prevalence of 4.6%. Most of the women who discontinued injectable contraceptives (80%) cited irregular bleeding as the reason. Multiple logistic regression revealed that age, type of family, and knowledge about the interval between two doses were determinants of injectable contraceptive use.

Conclusion:

There is a need to provide correct information and counseling before starting injectable contraceptives and during follow-up visits to increase the uptake of Antara injection among women of the reproductive age group.
IgA-codominant Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in a Patient with Type 1b Abernethy Malformation: A New Insight into the Pathogenesis
Authors: Shivanna Shashank M. , Lingaraj Umesha , Aralapuram Kishan , Shetty Bhushan C. , Sreedhara C. G.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is an immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis as a result of transient dysregulation of alternate complement pathway along with in situ immune complex formation. Here is a case of a young boy who developed acute nephritic syndrome following traumatic wound over his lower limb. Computed tomography (CT) abdomen is suggestive of Abernethy malformation. He underwent renal biopsy in view of rapidly worsening renal failure showing diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with predominant neutrophils, IgG (3+), IgA (3+), C3(3+), kappa (2+), and lambda (2+) on immunofluorescence, suggestive of immune complex glomerulonephritis favoring infection-related glomerulonephritis. He was treated accordingly and showed signs of improvement with normalization of complements within 4 weeks of insult. As the genesis of infection-related glomerulonephritis here in this case is complex due to the hepatic malformation where there is mixing of blood between the systemic and portal systems, the narrative is that congenital anomaly too has a say in the pathogenesis of infection-related glomerulonephritis as it happened in our case.
Emerging Trends in Malignant Hyperthermia; Uncommon Yet Increasingly Seen in the Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Khatavkar Sonal S. , Vazhakalayil Subha T. Jose , Veer Sandeep D. , Babu Jekha M.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

This study presents a rare occurrence of malignant hyperthermia (MH) within our hospital setting, making it the first instance in 25 years. It might possibly be the first case confirmed through genetic testing in western India. The case involves a young female undergoing scoliosis correction surgery, whose life was lost despite immediate supportive interventions. The incident underscores the imperative of readily accessible dantrolene, the drug of choice for MH, and emphasizes the significance of case reporting in the absence of a national registry for MH in India, thereby augmenting awareness of this infrequent yet potentially fatal condition.
EcomFraudEX: An Explainable Machine Learning Framework for Victim-Centric and Dual-Sided Fraud Incident Classification in E-Commerce
Authors: Farsi Salman , Chowdhury Mahfuzulhoq
Published: January 2025

The popularity of e-commerce businesses and online shopping is experiencing rapid growth all around the world. Nowadays, people are more inclined to shop online than in the actual shops. Due to this advancement, fraudsters have set new traps to deceive consumers. Whether it is true that customers often become victims of fraud, it also happens that a fraud customer tries to deceive the seller and hassle the seller intentionally in several ways. To address these issues, an automated system is required so that fraud incidents can be classified. This will facilitate taking legal action and reporting to consumer rights authorities. Existing research on fraud detection and prevention didn't cover customer and seller-side fraud simultaneously. Besides, most of the work focused on fraud detection rather than post-fraud incident classification. To overcome these gaps, this research endeavor conducts a thorough online survey of customers and sellers to gather incident-specific victim data on fraud cases and it addresses the issue for both customer and seller. This paper proposes a machine learning (ML) based explainable fraud incident classification framework EcomFraudEX, that can efficiently classify these fraud incidents and analyze the reason behind each incident. This framework particularly focuses on proper feature selection techniques, hyper-parameter tuning of models, and exploring different ML and ensemble models. Ensemble majority voting schemes consisting of Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and CatBoost achieved the highest F1-score of 96% with the Chi-Square feature selection technique in the customer complaint dataset and 98% with the RF feature selection technique in the seller complaint dataset. To explain the incident reasoning, Local Interpretable Model Agnostic Explanation (LIME) and Shapely Additive Explanation (SHAP) were further utilized. The proposed scheme achieved a 1.57% higher F1-score and 2.13% higher accuracy than previous works.
Совершенная рассеиваемость разбиений конечных абелевых групп
Authors: Pogorelov Boris Aleksandrovich , Pudovkina Marina Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2025

Рассматриваются рассеивающие свойства подстановок на конечной абелевой группе $(X, + )$ при естественном их действии на разбиениях ${{\mathbf{W}}^{(t)}}$ множества ${\bar X^t}$ наборов из $t$ попарно различных элементов множества ${X}$, $t\in\{2,3,\ldots\}$. Такие разбиения обобщают классические разностные разбиения ($t = 2$) и встречаются в методах, использующих линейность, высшие, усеченные, невозможные и кратные разности. Рассматриваются подстановки, находящиеся на максимальном расстоянии Хемминга от группы, сохраняющей разбиение ${\mathbf{W}}$ множества ${X^t}$. Такие подстановки названы совершено рассеивающими разбиение ${{\mathbf{W}}^{(t)}}$. Получен критерий совершенной рассеиваемости класса разбиений множества ${\bar X^t}$. Для аддитивной группы векторного пространства над полем $\mathbb{F}_{2^m}$ указывается связь между подстановками, совершенно рассеивающими класс разбиений ${{\mathbf{W}}^{(t)}}$, APN-подстановками, AB-подстановками и $2r$-разностно-равномерными подстановками, $r \ge 1$. Сравниваются свойства рассеивания разбиений ${{\mathbf{W}}^{(3)}}$ известными классами подстановок S-боксов для групп векторного сложения и аддитивной кольца вычетов.
О свойствах одного матроида, связанного с построением биюнктивных следствий систем булевых уравнений
Authors: Tarasov Alexey Vyacheslavovich
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена исследованию линейных зависимостей в множестве булевых функций, представимых элементарными конъюнкциями длины 2. Получены значения для числа минимальных линейно зависимых множеств специального вида и нижние оценки числа линейно независимых множеств заданной мощности.
Nonlinear Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equations
Authors: Bogachev Vladimir Igorevich , Shaposhnikov Stanislav Valer'evich
Published: January 2025

This paper gives a survey of recent investigations on nonlinear Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equations of elliptic and parabolic types and contains a number of new results. We discuss in detail the problems of existence and uniqueness of solutions, various estimates of solutions, connections with linear equations, and the convergence of solutions of parabolic equations to stationary solutions.
Bibliography: 116 items.
Overweight in mediating the association between depression and new-onset diabetes: A population-based research from Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Zhang Zi-Hao , Yue Shuo-Ying , Su Meng , Zhang Hong-Lu , Wu Qing-Cui , Li Zhi-Lin , Zhang Nai-Jian , Hao Zhi-Yi , Li Man , Huang Hui-Jie , Ma Jun , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Wang Hui
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Several studies have suggested a close link between depression, overweight, and new-onset diabetes, particularly among middle-aged and older populations; however, the causal associations remain poorly understood.

AIM

To investigate the role of overweight in mediating the association between depression and new-onset diabetes in middle-aged and older populations.

METHODS

Data of 9426 individuals aged ≥ 50 years from the 1998-2016 Health and Retirement Study database were analyzed. Weighted logistic regression was employed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for depression and new-onset diabetes in the middle-aged and older populations. Mediation analysis and the Sobel test were used to test the mediating effects of overweight between depression and the risk of new-onset diabetes.

RESULTS

New-onset diabetes was identified in 23.6% of the study population. Depression was significantly associated with new-onset diabetes (OR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.03-1.35, P value: 0.014). Further adjustment for overweight attenuated the effect of depression on new-onset diabetes to 1.14 (95%CI: 1.00-1.30, P = 0.053), with a significant mediating effect (P of Sobel test = 0.003). The mediation analysis demonstrated that overweight accounted for 61% in depression for the risk of new-onset diabetes, with overweight having a partially mediating role in the depression-to-diabetes pathway.

CONCLUSION

New-onset diabetes was not necessarily a direct complication of depression; rather, depression led to behaviors that increase the risk of overweight and, consequently, new-onset diabetes.
Premixed insulin: Advantages, disadvantages, and future
Authors: Xia Yan , Hu Yun , Ma Jian-Hua
Published: January 2025

Premixed insulin combines two types of insulin in a single injection. This combination streamlines dosing for patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, thereby enhancing convenience. However, patients receiving premixed insulin commonly have less satisfactory blood glucose control. The fixed ratio of insulin in these formulations frequently fails to account for the nuanced demands of individualized glucose-lowering therapy. Moreover, local absorption of mixed insulin and potential systemic autoimmune responses may further compromise glycaemic control. The co-formulation of insulin degludec and insulin aspart introduces a new combination of the two insulin types within a single injection, offering a promising solution for mitigating the limitations inherent in premixed insulin.
Electroacupuncture relieves type 2 diabetes by regulating gut microbiome
Authors: Yang Ya-Jing , Zhou Xu-Chang , Tian Hao-Ran , Liang Feng-Xia
Published: January 2025

Cumulative studies have shown that the composition of the gut microbiome is strongly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Electroacupuncture (EA) therapy has been reported to alleviate various diseases, including T2DM, by targeting specific acupuncture points and regulating metabolic homeostasis. A recent review published in the World Journal of Diabetes detailed the role of the gut microbiome in T2DM, discussing the role of therapeutic strategies developed to alleviate T2DM and its complications based on gut microbiome in ameliorating T2DM, as well as the effects of multiple diabetes medications on gut microbiome. However, the review did not elucidate the therapeutic role of EA therapy, a common non-pharmacological intervention for T2DM. This letter complemented the effect of EA therapy on glucose metabolism by adjusting the gut microbiome composition, which reveals the underlying mechanism of glucose lowering by EA therapy and provides a scientific basis for the application of EA therapy in clinical treatment.
Effects of glycemic indicators on early neurological outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Duan Zuo-Wei , Li Zhi-Ning , Zhai Yu-Jia , Liu Teng-Fei , Zhang Cui-Cui , Hu Ting , Wei Xiu-E , Rong Liang-Qun , Liu Hai-Yan
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Stress hyperglycemia (SH) is a common phenomenon that is present in about 50% of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). It is thought to be a main risk factor for poor functional outcome among patients with AIS undergoing intravenous thrombolysis (IVT).

AIM

To investigate the predictive value of glycemic indicators for early neurological outcomes (ENOs) in patients with AIS treated with IVT.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected database of patients with AIS who underwent IVT at the Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, between January 2017 and June 2022. ENO included early neurological improvement (ENI) and early neurological deterioration (END), defined as a decrease or increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score between baseline and 24 hours after IVT. We analyzed the associations between glycemic indicators [including admission hyperglycemia (AH), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and SH ratio (SHR)] and ENO in all patients and in subgroups stratified by diabetes mellitus (DM).

RESULTS

A total of 819 patients with AIS treated with IVT were included. Among these, AH was observed in 329 patients (40.2%). Compared with patients without AH, those with AH were more likely to have a higher prevalence of DM (P < 0.001) and hypertension (P = 0.031) and presented with higher admission NIHSS scores (P < 0.001). During the first 24 hours after IVT, END occurred in 208 patients (25.4%) and ENI occurred in 156 patients (19.0%). Multivariate mixed logistic regression analyses indicated that END was independently associated with AH [odds ratio (OR): 1.744, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.236-2.463; P = 0.002]. Subjects were classified into four groups representing quartiles. Compared with Q1, patients in the higher quartiles of SHR (Q2: OR: 2.306, 95%CI: 1.342-3.960; P = 0.002) (Q3: OR: 2.284, 95%CI: 1.346-3.876; P = 0.002) (Q4: OR: 3.486, 95%CI: 2.088-5.820; P = 0.001) and FBG (Q3: OR: 1.746, 95%CI: 1.045-2.917; P = 0.033) (Q4: OR: 2.436, 95%CI: 1.476-4.022; P = 0.001) had a significantly higher risk of END in the overall population. However, none of the glycemic indicators were found to be associated with ENI in patients with or without DM.

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrated that glycemic indicators in patients with stroke treated with IVT were associated with the presence of END rather than ENI during the first 24 hours after admission.
Glabridin and gymnemic acid alleviates choroid structural change and choriocapillaris impairment in diabetic rat’s eyes
Authors: Matsathit Udomlak , Komolkriengkrai Manaras , Khimmaktong Wipapan
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Small blood vessels in the eyes are more susceptible to injury, which can lead to complications. However, since diabetic retinopathy is often a serious clinical condition, most of this study focuses on the vascular system of the choroid. As part of this study, we looked at how gymnemic acid (from Gymnema sylvestre ) and glabridin (from Glycyrrhiza glabra , or licorice) might help diabetic rats’ choroid structural change and blood vessels.

AIM

To explore the effects of glabridin and gymnemic acid on the structural changes of the choroidal layer and choriocapillaris as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cluster of differentiation (CD) 31 in diabetic rat’s eye.

METHODS

The male Wistar rats were separated into five groups: The control group (control), the diabetic group (DM), the diabetic rats treated with glabridin 40 mg/kg body weight (DM + GB), the diabetic rats treated with gymnemic acid 400 mg/kg body weight (DM + GM), and the diabetic rats treated with glyburide 4 mg/kg body weight (DM + GR).

RESULTS

There was an increase in the thickness of both the choroid layer and the wall of the arteries in the DM. A decrease in vascularity and choroidal impairment was found in DM rats. After eight weeks of experimentation, the choroidal thickness increased, and the walls of choroid arteries. The choroidal thickness in the DM + GB was 15.69 ± 1.54 μm, DM + GM was 14.84 ± 1.31, and DM + GR groups was 16.45 ± 1.15 when compared with DM group (27.22 ± 2.05), the walls thickness of choroid arteries in the DM + GB was 10.23 ± 1.11, DM + GM was 10.41 ± 1.44, and DM + GR was 9.80 ± 1.78 when compared with DM group (16.35 ± 5.01), The expression of VEGF and CD31 was lower compared to the DM group.

CONCLUSION

In diabetic choroidopathy, hyperglycemia and inflammation cause damage to the neurovascular unit and blood-retinal barrier. Anti-VEGF treatments can slow or reverse the progression of the disease. According to current research findings, glabridin and gymnemic acid can reduce damage to the choroid, which is a factor that can sometimes result in vision loss.
Prospects and perils of ChatGPT in diabetes
Authors: Sridhar Gumpeny R , Gumpeny Lakshmi
Published: January 2025

ChatGPT, a popular large language model developed by OpenAI, has the potential to transform the management of diabetes mellitus. It is a conversational artificial intelligence model trained on extensive datasets, although not specifically health-related. The development and core components of ChatGPT include neural networks and machine learning. Since the current model is not yet developed on diabetes-related datasets, it has limitations such as the risk of inaccuracies and the need for human supervision. Nevertheless, it has the potential to aid in patient engagement, medical education, and clinical decision support. In diabetes management, it can contribute to patient education, personalized dietary guidelines, and providing emotional support. Specifically, it is being tested in clinical scenarios such as assessment of obesity, screening for diabetic retinopathy, and provision of guidelines for the management of diabetic ketoacidosis. Ethical and legal considerations are essential before ChatGPT can be integrated into healthcare. Potential concerns relate to data privacy, accuracy of responses, and maintenance of the patient-doctor relationship. Ultimately, while ChatGPT and large language models hold immense potential to revolutionize diabetes care, one needs to weigh their limitations, ethical implications, and the need for human supervision. The integration promises a future of proactive, personalized, and patient-centric care in diabetes management.
Feeding tube self-management experience of patients at home after discharge following esophageal cancer surgery
Authors: Miao Guo-Li , You Qing-Jun , Feng Xiao-Yan , Chu Jiang-Hui , Li Jin-You , Cai Ping
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Esophageal cancer (EC) is an aggressive malignancy with low survival (10%-30%). Nutritional problems are present throughout the perioperative period and are key to prognosis. Home enteral nutrition appears to improve the nutritional status of patients with EC. Few studies have addressed the experience of patients administering their own nutritional fluids and managing their own feeding tubes at home. The aim of this study was to explore the real-life experience of self-management of feeding tubes in patients at home after EC surgery in the first 3 months after discharge following surgery.

AIM

To explore feeding tube self-management experience of patients at home 3 months after discharge following EC surgery.

METHODS

Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 patients using a feeding tube at home after EC surgery. Thematic analysis of the recordings identified themes related to feeding tube self-management.

RESULTS

Patients expressed similar feelings about their tube management experiences concerning three contextualized themes: Self-management dilemmas, distressing experiences, and self-management facilitators.

CONCLUSION

There are many dilemmas and problems in self-managing feeding tubes in postoperative homebound patients with EC. Clinical staff should provide guidance to promote a positive change in self-management behavior.
Preliminary study on the clinical value of endoscopic stricturotomy in the treatment of stricturing Crohn's disease
Authors: Cui Lu , Su Min , Ding Yan-Bo , Wang Mei , Sun Ke-Wen
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Crohn's disease (CD) frequently leads to intestinal strictures, which pose significant challenges due to their complexity and limited treatment options. While medications can address inflammatory strictures, they are largely ineffective for fibrotic and mixed strictures, often necessitating surgical intervention. However, surgery carries considerable risks, including bleeding, infection, anastomotic leaks, and postoperative restricture formation. Endoscopic treatment, particularly endoscopic stricturotomy, offers a minimally invasive alternative that bridges the gap between medication and surgery.

AIM

To investigate the safety and efficacy of stricturotomy under single-balloon enteroscopy in stricturing CD.

METHODS

Patients diagnosed with stricturing CD at The First People's Hospital of Changzhou from June 2020 to April 2024 were enrolled and underwent endoscopic stricturotomy (ES). Relevant clinical data of patients were collected retrospectively. Outcomes included success rate, remission time, complications, and follow-up interventions. This observational study was followed up postoperatively to observe patient remission and recurrence rates.

RESULTS

Seventeen endoscopic strictures were created in 11 patients, achieving a 100% immediate success rate without any serious complications. During the follow-up period, stricture recurrence was observed in two patients, resulting in an endoscopic reintervention rate of 18.2%. Additionally, two patients required subsequent surgical intervention, with a surgical treatment rate of 18.2%. One patient experienced bowel obstruction 18 months post-ES and was successfully managed with conservative treatment without surgical intervention. The remission duration after the initial ES treatment was 10.1 ± 8.2 months, with a median remission time of 10 months.

CONCLUSION

ES is a safe and effective treatment for CD-related strictures and warrants further clinical promotion and application.
Navigating the challenges of laparoscopic anatomical SVIII resection: A step forward in hepatobiliary surgery
Authors: Zhang Jin-Wei
Published: January 2025

This article comments on the study by Peng et al , published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery , representing a notable advancement in hepatobiliary surgery. This article examines laparoscopic anatomical segment VIII resection, a challenging procedure due to the complex liver anatomy and difficulty in accessing deep-seated lesions. Peng and colleagues’ experience with caudal and cranial approaches in 34 patients underscores the feasibility of these techniques while sparking debates about the optimal approach. Their study’s strengths lie in technique standardization and comprehensive analysis, although its limitations highlight the need for further research. As minimally invasive liver surgery progresses, larger, prospective trials and integration of advanced technologies are essential for establishing best practices.
Modeling post-operative survival in patients with gallbladder cancer resections: The road to improved patient care?
Authors: Mayer Nancy R , Ehrenpreis Eli Daniel
Published: January 2025

In this letter, we discuss the article by Li et al published in the World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery . Gallbladder cancer is a rare but fatal cancer that is often detected unexpectedly and at an advanced stage following routine cholecystectomy. Although the prognosis is poor, curative resections often combined with postoperative chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy can improve survival. However, targeted patient selection for the appropriate therapeutic approach is critical to minimize unnecessary morbidity. Using advanced statistical techniques, the authors developed a nomogram with the potential to predict survival after gallbladder cancer resection, identifying factors associated with long- and short-term survival. This tool could improve patient selection for surgery and post-operative treatment. In this letter, we provide background on survival nomograms including an in-depth discussion of statistical methods employed in this study, the use of nomograms in other forms of cancer, limitations to the model, and directions for future research.
Novel surgical approach - cadaveric inferior vena cava graft reconstruction following leiomyosarcoma resection: A case report
Authors: AlOmran Hadeel A , AlMatar Bayan , AlMonsained Mohammed , Bojal Shoukat , Momani Hammam , AlQahtani Mohammed S
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Inferior vena cava (IVC) leiomyosarcomas are rare and aggressive tumors. Complete cure depends on achieving R0 resection, which often requires circumferential resection and reconstruction. Synthetic grafts have traditionally been used when venous continuity must be restored. However, the use of cadaveric IVC grafts for reconstruction has not been widely reported.

CASE SUMMARY

Herein, we present the case of a 64-year-old woman diagnosed with an intrahepatic IVC leiomyosarcoma with local invasion. The patient responded favorably to chemotherapy and subsequently underwent an en bloc right hepatectomy, retrohepatic IVC resection, and reconstruction with an interpositional cadaveric IVC graft. Serial imaging follow-ups until 2 years after the operation showed persistent patency of the graft and no graft-related complications.

CONCLUSION

Cadaveric IVC grafts are an alternative to synthetic grafts for reconstruction, with acceptable outcomes. Larger, long-term studies are necessary to validate these findings.
Gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy
Authors: Zhou Peng-Cheng , Huang Rui , Wang Hai-Tao , Yang Jun , Peng Jian-Dong , Fu Zi-Xuan , Liao Wen-Jun , Ma Hai-Qiang , Wu Lin-Quan , Li En-Liang
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

We investigated the utility of gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-lymphocyte ratio (GLR) as a predictive indicator for postoperative survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) across different time periods and developed a predictive model based on this.

AIM

To evaluate the prognostic accuracy of GLR for overall survival (OS) in patients with HCC and its impact over time.

METHODS

This study enrolled 301 patients with HCC treated with curative hepatectomy. Exclusion criteria included non-HCC hepatic malignancies, inadequate records, and prior cancer treatments. Baseline demographics, clinical features, and hematological parameters were recorded. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal GLR threshold for survival prediction at 13 months. Statistical analyses included the Kaplan-Meier method, multivariate Cox regression, and the creation of a prognostic nomogram.

RESULTS

Out of 301 patients, 293 were eligible for analysis, with a male predominance (84.6%). High preoperative GLR correlated with several adverse clinical features. Optimal cutoff values for GLR were significantly associated with stratification of 13-month OS. Multivariate analysis identified age, liver enzymes, postoperative transarterial chemoembolization, Child-Pugh grade, and inflammatory markers as independent predictors of OS. Notably, GLR had a significant impact on long-term postoperative OS, with its influence becoming more pronounced over time.

CONCLUSION

GLR can serve as a potent prognostic tool for postoperative HCC management, particularly in predicting long-term outcomes.
Afectación Jurídica a los Derechos Fundamentales por la devolución del Presupuesto Público
Authors: Rodríguez Monzón Yesica Liliana
Published: January 2025

El interés de la presente investigación radica en la preocupación por la protección de los derechos fundamentales de las personas, en cuanto a la cuota de responsabilidad que tiene el Estado peruano para con todos los ciudadanos, a través de los distintos sectores o niveles de gobierno según su competencia y/o función jurisdiccional conforme les alcanza responsabilidad, y para el cumplimiento de estas obligaciones se sirve de distintas herramientas; pero, para los fines de esta investigación nos atañe el presupuesto público, más específicamente la devolución que debe realizar cada año las distintas instituciones públicas, debido a que ningún año se llega agastar la totalidad del presupuesto asignado, como se advierte en la página web del Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas; por lo que, la presente investigación pretende analizar la afectación jurídica que origina la devolución del presupuesto público en los derechos fundamentales en nuestro país. Maxime si el Estado encuentra su carácter ontológico en la defensa y protección de los derechos de sus integrantes, en el mismo sentido lo derechos fundamentales encuentran protección en la constitución política, estipulando que el fin supremo del Estado es la defensa de la persona humana y el respeto a su dignidad.
El machismo una epidemia en las sombras de las familias trujillanas, 2022
Authors: Asmat Ferrel Stephanie Valeria , Taboada Ascoy Fátima Ariane
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo determinar cómo incide el machismo en las familias trujillanas, para ello se empleó la técnica de la encuesta la cual fue realizada a 10 personas dentro de ellas a profesionales expertos, recogiendo los datos de esta técnica empleada mostraron que se realizó y utilizo un enfoque cualitativo, Los resultados muestran que el 15% de los encuestados considera que el prototipo ideal que tiene toda mujer es casarse con un hombre, se encontró mucha discrepancia con el 1% que considera que un verdadero hombre es el que impone autoridad en el hogar. Por otro lado, el 3% se encontraba en dilema, yaque expresaron que tiene importancia que la mujer llegue virgen al matrimonio, por valores morales de la sociedad. Concluimos resaltando que la relación del hombre y la mujer con respeto al hogar debe ser equilibrada y por igual, sin embargo no repone la situaciones que se presentan en las familias disfuncionales con conductas machista y violentas en pleno siglo XXI, razón por la cual es de suma alerta de que el gobierno y la población estén conscientes, para que esto cambie y la casa que se supone debe ser nuestro refugio ante los peligros de la calle, no sea por dentro la pesadilla de un infierno entre los mismos integrantes de las familias.
Revista Completa Derecho UCT
Authors: Universidad Católica de Trujillo
Published: January 2025

ARTÍCULOS
1. Aspectos problemáticos en la admisión de medios extemporáneos en el Proceso Civil Peruano
   Problematic aspects in the admission of extemporanean means in the Peruvian Civil Process
2. Evaluación de la eficiencia del proceso inmediato en casos de flagrancia delictiva en Perú, una revisión sistemática
    Evaluation of the efficiency of the immediate process in cases of criminal flagrancy in Peru, a systematic review
3. Problemática del despido incausado en el Perú
    Problem of uncaused dismissal in Peru
4. Factores que inducen a funcionarios públicos para la comisión del delito de peculado, Red de Salud Coronel Portillo, 2023
     Abstract factors that induce public officials to commint the crime of embezzlement, Coronel Portillo health network, 2023
5. Fundamentos de control en las pensiones alimenticias de menores de edad del Distrito Judicial de La Libertad, 2023
    Fundamentals of control in the support of minors, of the Judicial District of La Libertad, 2023
Factores que inducen a funcionarios públicos para la comisión del delito de peculado, Red de Salud Coronel Portillo, 2023
Authors: Torres Vargas Jack Tilin , Rodríguez Monzón Yesica Liliana
Published: January 2025

La presente investigación, titulada “Factores que inducen a funcionarios públicos para la comisión del delito de peculado, Red de Salud Coronel Portillo, 2023”, tuvo como objetivo establecer los factores que inducen al funcionario público para la comisión del delito de peculado, en la Red de Salud de Cornel Portillo, 2023. Se utilizó una metodología de tipo básica con enfoque cualitativo, con diseño fenomenológico, empleando el método explicativo, así como la técnica de entrevista e instrumento la guía de la entrevista. La población estuvo compuesta por 15 funcionarios públicos de la Red de Salud de Cornel Portillo. Según los resultados obtenidos,se plantea que los factores que inducen a los funcionarios públicos a la comisión del delito de peculado son principalmente el entorno laboral, condición económica y los beneficios legales. En conclusión, se destaca una interacción compleja de los tres factores mencionados, donde el entorno laboral permite que las irregularidades se perpetúen sin consecuencias inmediatas; la condición económica de los funcionarios, que actúa como un incentivo para recurrir al uso indebido de los recursos públicos en busca de una mejora financiera personal; los beneficios legales disponibles, como la colaboración eficaz y la confesión sincera, genera una percepción de que el riesgo asociado al peculado es bajo y manejable. En conjunto, estos factores crean un contexto donde el delito depeculado se normaliza, al verse como una opción calculada y de bajo riesgo para los funcionarios involucrados.
Evaluación de la eficiencia del proceso inmediato en casos de flagrancia delictiva en Perú, una revisión sistemática
Authors: Chicoma Aponte José Jeancarlo , Urbina Apreciado David Jhonatan , Gurreonero Luján Edita Mercedes
Published: January 2025

La presente investigación tuvo por objeto Analizar la eficiencia del proceso inmediato en casos de flagrancia delictiva según los artículos científicos analizados, se trata de un estudio de enfoque cualitativo, de tipo básico, diseño de revisión sistemática, la técnica empleada fue un análisis documental. La población estuvo constituida por 25 documentos fuentes secundarios como lo fueron los artículos científicos que están publicadas en revisas de carácter científico e indexadas en las bases de datos de Redalyc, Scielo, Scopus, dentro de los años 2019-2024. El instrumento empleado fue la lista de verificación o lista de cotejo. Los resultados se elaboraron en tablas en concordancia con las normas APA 7 edición. Se llegó a concluir que el proceso inmediato en casos de flagrancia delictiva, al eliminar etapas intermedias como la preparación e investigación previa, la necesidad de rapidez, puede afectar negativamente la defensa adecuada y el debido proceso, estos estudios indican que la presión por resolver los casos rápidamente puede limitar el tiempo y los recursos disponibles para una defensa efectiva.
A Robust Grounded Theory: New Research Process Trustworthiness Criteria
Authors: Inesia-Forde Angelina
Published: January 2025

More than 50 years ago, Glaser and Strauss constructed the grounded theory methodology to develop substantive and formal data-grounded theories. Grounded theory is a rigorous methodology for generating theory grounded in data. It incorporates compare-and-contrast and abductive reasoning as its intellectual engine. Whenever one of these cognitive processes is engaged, so is the other. However, there is a need for a systematic means to assess how rigorous the grounded theory research process was employed. This paper aims to start this conversation among methodologists and practitioners by proposing three criteria to evaluate the trustworthiness of grounded theories‘ research process. Grounded theory studies ought to include abductive discoveries, the results of variation-finding, and Tilly‘s comparison framework. Examples from Forde‘s macro-level grounded theory will be used to demonstrate the significance of adding evaluation criteria to assess the rigor of the research process.
Ephedra foliata: Only Gymnosperm from Rajasthan - Need for conservation and propagation
Authors: Bohra N.K. , Yadav Prakash , Bohra Harshita , Rawalram  , Manda Manita
Published: January 2025

Among Genus Ephedra species only Ephedra foliata is reported in Rajasthan. It belongs to family Ephedraceae and it is distributed in temperate and sub-tropical area of world. It has several traditional uses for treatment in Chinese and other medicine. It contains alkaloids Ephedrine and pseudo ephedrine, which are of great importance. It is propagated by seed but due to low seed germination, micropagation is used from mass propagation. Ephedra foliata is a mild CNS stimulant & also have cardio vascular effect.
Dimensión Subjetiva de Las Territorialidades Campesinas. Palenque, Chiapas. México
Authors: García-Angel María Cristina , Ramírez-Miranda César Adrián
Published: January 2025

Se analiza la dimensión subjetiva de las estrategias campesinas que disputan territorialidad contra el aun hegemónico régimen alimentario corporativo (RAC). El análisis se centra en el ejercicio del poder sutil, el cual a partir de crear regímenes de verdad despliega estrategias que impregnan todo el cuerpo social. Como soporte empírico se recuperan las experiencias de tres grupos integrados por campesinos ligados al cuidado de la Madre Tierra en Palenque, Chiapas, México. El estudio se realizó bajo los principios de la investigación acción participativa mediante una relación reflexiva de sujeto a sujeto. Los resultados muestran que los afectos forman parte de su política de resistencia; que la disputa territorial tiene un carácter material a partir de la vigencia de espacios productivos para el autoabasto que sobrepasan la escala familiar, así como un carácter inmaterial desplegado mediante diversas formas de organización, cuidado, comunicación y celebración. Las estrategias de reproducción social que dan relativa autonomía a los campesinos constituyen un eje en la disputa por expandir su territorialidad; estas estrategias tienen un contenido material y simbólico cargadas de afectos que son puestos a disposición en su lucha permanente contra el RAC.
ATHIS: A Luta pela moradia e o direito à cidade em Londrina-PR
Authors: Guilherme da Silva Isabela , Jacob Bergoc Gilson , Aparecida Veiga Léia , Orquiza de Carvalho Zara Olivia , Cristina Gusmão da Silva Izabelle
Published: January 2025

Na cidade capitalista, entendida enquanto produto histórico e social, (re)produzida por diferentes agentes sociais, o processo de segregação é intrínseco à sua formação, sendo impulsionada pelos agentes comprometidos com a (re)produção do capital. Londrina produz a segregação urbana desde a sua gênese, negando o direito à moradia e à cidade para famílias de baixa ou nenhuma renda, obstaculizadas pelo mercado. Nesse contexto, a construção coletiva de uma nova política habitacional se torna um instrumento de luta pelo direito à moradia e à cidade. O objetivo é analisar as ações de um coletivo que tem mobilizado grupos sociais diversos, desde 2021, no processo de criação e implementação de uma política habitacional que inclua o serviço de Assistência Técnica para Habitação de Interesse Social (ATHIS) neste município do Paraná, à luz do direito à cidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação-participante (PAP), em andamento, com parte dos autores envolvidos em um projeto integrado, por sujeitos sociais de diferentes segmentos técnicos e representantes populares, objetivando organizar e implementar essa política pública por meio da iniciativa popular com o fim de enfrentar a demanda por moradias, caminhando no sentido de avançar na luta pelo direito à cidade, de forma democrática e participativa.
A Review on Urban Flooding in Bangalore: A Growing Environmental Crisis
Authors: M. Mahadeva , C. C. Abhijth , V. E. Harshith , N. R. Leela , Naik Nikhil S.
Published: January 2025

This study explores how the growth of cities and the loss of natural water feature, such as valleys, affect how rainwater flows, explicitly focusing on Bangalore, India. Research shows that rapid urban expansion, increased paved surfaces, and inadequate drainage systems significantly increase the risk of flooding. This work summarizes the findings of past studies on flooding in Bangalore, covering topics such as how changes in land use impact flooding, how computer models can be used to predict flooding, the benefits of using green spaces and natural features to manage rainwater, and the importance of involving the community in addressing flood issues. The review concludes by identifying areas where further research is needed, including using computer models to evaluate the impact of different urban development plans and the effectiveness of proposed solutions like restoring natural water features in reducing flood risk in Bangalore.
Rural tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan: the use of digital technologies
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Tleubayeva А. , Rsaldin Y. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zhakupov А. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2025

The aim is to assess the potential of rural tourism as an instrument of socio-economic development of rural areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The study is aimed at identifying the main factors influencing the expansion of agritourism sphere.

Methods - the authors used various ways of analyzing the tourism market, review of domestic and foreign literature sources. Existing projects related to the tourism industry, statistical data to determine the degree of influence of the tourism industry sector on the development of rural areas of the country are considered.

Results - on the basis of international and Kazakhstani experience it is noted that, although tourism agribusiness has significant potential, its spread in Kazakhstan faces many difficulties, digital systems are of fundamental importance. Existing programs do not fully contribute to the renewal of infrastructure, there are high costs and the inability of tourist facilities to function consistently throughout the year. At the same time, Eco-Village "Toksumak" is identified as an example of effective rural tourism, demonstrating the benefits and attracting foreign tourists.

Conclusions - ecotourism is necessary for the revitalization of rural settlements. It is a global trend of the third millennium. Integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) will improve the quality of tourism services and increase their accessibility. By focusing on these aspects of tourism activities, a wide network of tourism firms with information and advisory support for farmers can be created in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors point out the so-called "human resource hunger" in specialists with competencies in the application of digital platforms in natural agritourism especially in the regions. In digital transformation, it is important to set ambitious goals, establish performance indicators, and eliminate losses in business processes.