bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of A Low-cost Simultaneous Low Volume Air Sampler Controlled with Sonic Venturi
Authors: Alimov Zikrilla Bobamuratovich , Kusakari Hikaru , Okuda Tomoaki
Published: March 2021

This study presents the results of designing a low-cost air sampler for multi-component analysis of PM2.5. We developed a multi-channel air sampling device using sonic venturi (critical nozzle) that supplies a constant airflow rate of 16.7 L/min. The constant flow rate is achieved with a backpressure ratio of 0.8 or less with a nozzle diameter of 1.375 mm. The sampler halves the cost of comparable devices and simplifies the hardware by replacing the flow meters with critical nozzles. For quantitative evaluation, we measured the coefficient of variation (CV) of each component simultaneously collected five samples at various particulate matter concentrations. This sampler can use different types of filters such as polytetrafluoroethylene and quartz fiber filter at the same time. Meteorological conditions such as ambient temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure did not seem to affect much the flow rate of the sampler. The CV of multi sample analysis for TSP and PM2.5 concentrations in all sampling periods were less than 10%. CV of multi sample analysis for most of the major inorganic elements being within the range of 15% or less shows that the precision is sufficient for reliable measurement. We believe that the low-cost multiple air sampler will be used world-widely, and it can contribute to many researchers in both developed and developing countries.
Military technology in mine rescue
Authors: Hałys Piotr , Kowalczyk Piotr
Published: March 2021

The sense of security is an individual’s one-sided personal expression referring to one’s awareness of existing threats and potential possibilities of their prevention. Thus we can observe a permanent development of technologies developed to meet the needs of military operations aimed at neutralizing threats related to explosives of military origin, as well as any improvised explosive devices. Threats are the events that adversely affect life, health, property or the environment, therefore, the mentioned technologies can be used in the civilian market as well. This article presents military systems that have been developed by Alford Technologies Ltd. (‘The World’s Leading Provider of User-Filled Explosive Chargers and Disruptors’). The systems that have been named ReBar Cutters™ and DIOPLEX™ have been developed to save the lives of soldiers, military equipment and any relevant infrastructure while conducting a wide scope of combat operations throughout the world. The systems can for example be easily used as an alternative support for mining rescue teams during mine rescue operations. The authors intend to present the above-mentioned systems due to their precision, accuracy, and most importantly, because the products are user-filled and therefore can be prepared on site and ready to use very fast. Tests of systems named ReBar Cutters™ and DIOPLEX™ presented in the study were carried out in Zakłady Górnicze Polkowice-Sieroszowice Oddział KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. at a depth of 850 m in order to check their effectiveness in the future environment (pressure, humidity, temperature, dust). The presented shaped charges with cumulative insert were elaborated with explosives used in mining – RIOPRIME 25 (Mini Primer) and ERGODYN 22E – and used for the cut steel structural elements (steel anchor rod), steel leveling cable, sheathed electric mining cable and an element form bucket loader type LKP 903. The tests were not financed, and the obtained results were part of the research in one of the author’s PhD dissertation.
Depressiveness among athletes and coping with stress, sense of efficacy and satisfaction with life – a pilot study
Authors: Basiaga-Pasternak Joanna , Cichosz-Dziadura Aneta
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Depression is considered the most common mental disorder in the world. Representatives of all social groups and professions, including athletes, suffer from it. More and more competitors representing the highest sports level, including elite athletes, admit that they suffer from depression, which is indicated by the results of research [1, 2]. Study aim: In the study, it was decided to establish relationships between depression among athletes and styles of coping with stress, self-efficacy and overall satisfaction with life. Group and methods: The study comprised 40 subjects, 14 women and 26 men practicing sports. The mean age was 20.43±1.22 years. Individual sports were trained by 25 participants, while team disciplines were practiced by 15 individuals. The questionnaire “Perception of difficult situations by adolescents in sport”, the Set of Questionnaires for the Diagnosis of Depression in Children and Adolescents, the Generalised Sense of Self-Efficacy Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Coping with Stress Questionnaire were used. Results: The results allowed to demonstrated a relationship between depression and the styles of coping with stress as well as the type of difficult situations; depressiveness and sense of efficacy, satisfaction with life and sense of efficacy. There were no correlations between gender as well as sports discipline and the discussed variables. Conclusion: Inefficient coping with stress and low self-efficacy increase the level of depression in young athletes.
A Rússia e os possíveis impactos da pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Secches Daniela Vieira , Bernardes Marina Nunes
Published: March 2021

Esse artigo tem o objetivo de identificar os possíveis impactos políticos e econômicos da pandemia do COVID-19 para a Rússia e as respostas do governo Putin a esses desafios. Para que isso seja realizado, é feita uma análise conjuntural do problema sob uma perspectiva descritivo-analítica.
COVID-19 e Segurança Alimentar: a crise dentro da crise
Authors: Souza Matilde de , Gonçalves Jéssica , Alves Lauana Pereira Domingos , Pacheco Bárbara Luana Pereira
Published: March 2021

Este artigo trata da segurança alimentar no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19 e discute a garantia de que acesso ao alimento integra ações para salvar vidas. Salienta-se que tais ações não desconsideram os desafios da adoção de medidas de contenção do avanço da doença.
Os BRICS frente à pandemia da COVID-19: uma análise preliminar sobre políticas comparadas
Authors: Garcia Ana Saggioro , Curty Rodrigo , Aguiar Ana Carolina , Rezende Lucas , Dantas Maria Victória
Published: March 2021

A pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) atingiu todos os países do mundo, impactando os sistemas de saúde e atingindo as economias, desde as bases produtivas nacionais até as cadeias de produção e comércio mundiais. Com isso, a pandemia vem reposicionando o papel das políticas públicas e dos Estados-nacionais, uma vez que capacidades estatais em saúde precisaram ser fortalecidas e programas econômicos e sociais precisaram ser desenvolvidos para resgatar empresas e empregos. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar, de forma preliminar, como os países que compõem os BRICS, afora o Brasil, têm enfrentado a pandemia, apontando algumas tendências comuns em suas abordagens. Metodologicamente, buscamos identificar convergências e diferenças nas ações dos governos de cada país BRICS no que tange às medidas de contenção da doença, políticas relacionadas à economia e aos empregos, bem como iniciativas de cooperação internacional. Concluímos com possíveis lições que podem ser extraídas destas experiências para o Brasil.
Coronavirus, Global Risk and The New International Crisis Management Model
Authors: Lasmar Jorge Mascarenhas , Santa Rita Leonardo Coelho Assunção
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the immediate states’ responses to the COVID-19 crisis in the light of the new crisis management model in order to better understand how global leaders are facing this unprecedented international crisis.
Research Progress on Chemical Modification and Application of Cellulose: A Review
Authors: ZHANG Jinjie , QI Yingping , SHEN Yongfeng , LI Hua
Published: March 2021

Cellulose is a rich natural polymer material, which has the characteristics of biodegradability, environmental friendliness and good biocompatibility. However, compared with conventional materials, there are some shortcomings in performance, such as intolerance corrosion, limited strength and so on. The chemical modification of cellulose not only retains its own excellent characteristics, but also introduces functional groups to endow it with specific properties. The chemical modification and utilization of cellulose has been the focus of research. In this paper, the latest advances in chemical modification of cellulose, such as esterification, etherification and grafting modification, are introduced. The research and application results of cellulose derivatives in food, wastewater treatment, medicine and papermaking in recent years are reviewed.
Verurteilung als Kooperation? Erkenntnisse zur gerichtlichen Entscheidungsfindung und dem Einfluss der Staatsanwaltschaft
Authors: Hogh Marie , Bögelein Nicole
Published: March 2021

Zahlreiche empirische Untersuchungen belegen Unterschiede zwischen richterlichen Urteilen, die nicht auf rechtliche Gründe zurückzuführen sind. Während man die Gründe dafür in der Persönlichkeit der*des Richters*in, in Täter*innen oder in Diskriminierung sucht, bleibt der Einfluss der Staatsanwaltschaft unbeachtet. Der Beitrag spürt der Frage nach, inwiefern Verurteilung als - zumindest implizite - Kooperation von Gericht und Staatsanwaltschaft gedeutet werden kann. Laut gesetzlicher Rollendefinition ist das Urteil einzig dem Gericht überlassen. In der Praxis zeigt sich aber, dass ein Urteil weder losgelöst von der Staatsanwaltschaft ergeht noch ergehen kann. Der Text stellt Theorien und Befunde zum Vorgehen dar und gibt einen Ausblick auf weiteren Forschungsbedarf.
Variation in strength training load, so much to prove
Authors: Pedrosa Gustavo Ferreira , Apolinário-Souza Tércio , Lacerda Lucas Túlio , Simões Marina Gurgel , Pereira Mariano Resende , Fortunato Stayce Moreira , Diniz Rodrigo César Ribeiro
Published: March 2021

Studies have shown that periodic variations in the strength training configuration are more efficient for promoting muscle strength in comparison to training that does not vary over time. Although the evidences point the superiority of the varied training, it’s not clear how the processes that influence the force production are affected when training is performed using variation through the time. The present study aims to discuss the central and peripheral mechanisms that influence the process of force production and to generate insights for new investigations that aim to compare the strength development between the varied and non-varied strength training programs.
La cultura material en la educación física escolar: discurso y praxis
Authors: Franco Flávia Carneiro
Published: March 2021

Pretendemos mostrar el vínculo entre el Proyecto Educativo de Centro y la cultura material de la EF. Adoptamos el método etnográfico mediante un estudio de casos en un colegio público y en otro concertado de Burgos, España. Observamos las clases de EF de un grupo de cada escuela durante un curso. Analizamos la lógica interna y externa de 510 situaciones motrices: 242 realizadas en el centro público y 268 en el concertado. Constatamos que prevalecen las prácticas con objeto, si bien aquellas sin objeto son significativas en el colegio concertado. Los materiales empleados son comprados, industriales y específicos. Sin embargo, en el centro público son coloridos y atractivos, mientras que en el concertado son multiusos, poco sofisticados y antiguos. En conclusión, la escuela burgalesa tiende a reproducir la sociedad de consumo. No obstante, el centro concertado se distingue del público en una cultura material menos presente y específica.
What Corporates Can Do to Help an Innovation Ecosystem Thrive -- and Why They Should Do It
Authors: Joseph Diana , Windham-Bannister Sue , Mangold Mikel
Published: March 2021

Given the pace of change in nearly every aspect of society, transformative innovation is imperative. At the same time transformation is very difficult for large established companies. Open innovation – collaboration with outside entities such as startups -- is a powerful tool for exploring both business model and technological innovation. A thriving ecosystem provides a healthy environment in which dramatically different types of entities can find each other and the resources they need to explore and ultimately engage in transformative innovation. Given these benefits, corporates can and should play a role in the creation and growth of thriving ecosystems. We describe the work done to create the life sciences ecosystem in Boston/Cambridge through the eyes of Author 2 who was a central leader in that effort. And we describe in detail both the benefits corporates can enjoy, and the role corporates can play in developing a thriving ecosystem.
>Method to prevent cheek depression using an island sternocleidomastoid muscle flap with the middle pedicle as a feeding vessel in immediate reconstruction of the facial nerve with the sural nerve following resection of a parotid gland tumor
Authors: Matsuura Naoki , Sakuma Hisashi , Shimono Ayano
Published: March 2021

Many surgeons have demonstrated the validity of sternocleidomastoid muscle flaps for the reconstruction of head and neck tumors. We present a case in which we used an island sternocleidomastoid muscle flap to reconstruct a cheek depression after excision of a malignant parotid tumor. A 44-year-old woman presented with a right malignant parotid tumor. We performed total resection of the parotid gland and facial nerve with the sural nerve and reconstructed the facial nerve and cheek depression with an island sternocleidomastoid muscle flap. The sternal head of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle was cut at the cranial and caudal segments to elevate it as an island flap. We used the superior thyroid artery as the sole pedicle for the island muscle flap. At 1 year and 3 months after the operation, the mimic muscles had gradually recovered and progressed without complications such as Frey syndrome, cervical motor dysfunction, or concave deformation of the neck and cheeks.
The three-point crossover technique for immediate reconstruction of the umbilicus
Authors: Lee Cho Long , Yang Ho Jik
Published: March 2021

The umbilicus is an important aesthetic component of the abdomen; therefore, its absence is both cosmetically and psychologically distressing to the patient. However, loss of the umbilicus during abdominal surgical procedures is often unavoidable. Umbilical reconstruction is aimed at obtaining a natural, three-dimensional appearance. We propose a simple method for immediate umbilical reconstruction with good long-term results. This technique was used successfully on a patient who underwent tumor excision. A 49-year-old woman presented with a large mass, measuring 5.8×4.0 cm, on her umbilicus. The mass, an epidermal cyst, developed after laparoscopic uterine myomectomy 5 years earlier. Complete excision of the mass resulted in a large defect, and immediate umbilical reconstruction was planned. Our procedure involved apposing and anchoring two opposing flaps onto the abdominal wall, so that the umbilicus would retain its depth over a long period of time. Negative-pressure wound therapy was applied for 72 hours as a mild compressive dressing. No complications were encountered. The healing process was uneventful and the aesthetic outcome was pleasing; a natural-appearing navel was created. The patient was satisfied with the end result. This technique provides a permanent and sufficient depression for the umbilicus.
Management of keloid scars: noninvasive and invasive treatments
Authors: Kim Sang Wha
Published: March 2021

Scars vary from mature linear scars to abnormal excessive scars such as hypertrophic scars and keloid scars. Keloid scars are fibro-proliferative disease entities that reflect an abnormal process of wound healing. They can cause pain, itching, stiffness, and psychological distress, all of which can affect quality of life. Various treatment options have been advocated as ways to prevent and treat keloid scars. These include noninvasive treatments such as use of silicone gel sheeting and compression therapy, and invasive treatments such as intralesional corticosteroid injections, surgery, and radiotherapy. Novel treatments include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and anti-inflammatory therapies. Unfortunately, keloids continue to pose a significant challenge due to the lack of efficacious treatments. Therefore, clinicians should be familiar with various therapeutic options and apply the most suitable treatment plan for patients. In this review, we introduce the current therapeutic options for the management of keloid scars.
Exploring the Use of Medical Marijuana for Supportive Care of Oncology Patients
Authors: Damsky Dell, MSN, APRN, AOCN, LNC Deena , P. Stein, MD Daniel
Published: March 2021

Medical marijuana, also known as cannabis, is being sought by patients and survivors to alleviate common symptoms of cancer and its treatments that affect their quality of life. The National Academy of Sciences (2017) reports conclusive or substantial evidence that cannabis is successful in treating chronic cancer pain and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, moderate evidence that cannabinoids are beneficial for sleep disorders that accompany chronic illnesses, and limited evidence supporting use for appetite stimulation and anxiety. However, due to the fact that cannabis is classified as a Schedule I controlled substance, there is an absence of rigorous, scientific evidence to guide health-care professionals. In addition, the Schedule I designation makes it illegal for health-care professionals in the United States to prescribe, administer, or directly distribute these drugs. Legislation has outpaced research in this area. Therefore, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) appointed a medical marijuana guideline committee to create guidelines for the nursing care of patients using medical marijuana, marijuana education in nursing programs, and guidelines for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) certifying a patient for the use of medical marijuana (The NCSBN Medical Marijuana Guidelines Committee, 2018). Six states/districts authorize APRNs to recommend the use of medical marijuana to patients with qualifying conditions (Kaplan, 2015). As of March 2021, 35 states plus the District of Columbia have authorized the use of medical marijuana (DISA Global Solutions, 2021). Therefore, APRNs will be caring for these patients and need to know the medical, pharmacological, and legal issues surrounding medical cannabis use.
Volta miúda: quilombo, memória e emancipação
Authors: Félix Raíssa
Published: March 2021

Mostrando o quilombo de Volta Miúda (Caravelas/Ba), os remanescentes e suas histórias, a autora apresenta perfis biográficos dos anciões que ali habitam, inspirados no jornalismo literário; o estado de colonialidade da nação brasileira e o papel no direito e do conhecimento no processo assimilacionista e negacionista das identidades; além de analisar a retomada da oralidade, seu caráter ancestral e de resistência.
Identification of fibroblast activation-related genes in two acute kidney injury models
Authors: Deng Weiming , Wei Xiangling , Dong Zhanwen , Zhang Jinhua , Huang Zhengyu , Na Ning
Published: March 2021

Background

Ischemia-reperfusion injury and drug-induced nephrotoxicity are the two most common reasons for acute kidney injury (AKI). However, little attention has been paid to early activation of fibroblasts in the progression of AKI to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to identify related genes and pathways on fibroblast activation in two mouse models of AKI: ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) model and folic acid (FA)-induced injury model.

Methods

The microarray expression profiles ofGSE62732andGSE121190were downloaded from the GEO database, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was analyzed using the Limma package of R software. Principal component analysis (PCA) was also performed using R. The functional information of gene products was annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) and DAVID online database, and the pathway analysis was carried out by using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) database. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) network was constructed by STRING and Cytoscape. Furthermore, in the Hypoxia/Reoxygenation (H/R) model, the morphological changes of cells were observed under microscope and the expression of the hub genes in NRK-49F cells were validated by qRT-PCR assays.

Results

A total of 457 DEGs were identified. Among these, 215 DEGs were upregulated and 242 DEGs were downregulated in the acute injured samples compared with uninjured samples. The GO enrichment analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly involved in transport, the oxidation-reduction process, the metabolic process, metal ion binding, hydrolase activity, and oxidoreductase activity. The KEGG analysis revealed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, protein digestion and absorption pathway, and focal adhesion pathway. The hub genes including Hnf4α, Pck1 and Timp1 were validated by the qRT-PCR assay in NRK-49F cells in the H/R model.

Conclusions

Hnf4α, Pck1 and Timp-1 may play a pivotal role in the early activation of fibroblasts, providing novel therapeutic strategies for early prediction and treatment of renal fibrosis.
Specific and sensitive, ready-to-use universal fungi detection by visual color using ITS1 loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined hydroxynaphthol blue
Authors: Choopara Ilada , Teethaisong Yothin , Arunrut Narong , Thunyaharn Sudaluck , Kiatpathomchai Wansika , Somboonna Naraporn
Published: March 2021

Being ubiquitous, fungi are common opportunistic pathogens to humans that can lead to invasive and life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Eukaryote-resembling cell membrane and filamentous branches make the fungal diagnosis difficult. This study therefore developed a ready-to-use ITS1 loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with hydroxynaphthol blue (LAMP-HNB) for rapid, sensitive and specific colorimetric detection of universal fungi in all phyla. The ITS1 LAMP-HNB could identify every evolutionary phylum of fungi according to sequence analyses. We tested a total of 30 clinically relevant fungal isolates (representing three major human pathogenic phyla of fungi, namely Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) and 21 non-fungal isolates, and the ITS1 LAMP-HNB properly identified all isolates, with a detection limit of as low as 4.6 ag (9.6 copies), which was identical to ITS1 and 18S rDNA PCR. The assays were also validated on the feasibility of point-of-care diagnostic with real food (dry peanuts, chili and garlics) and blood samples. Furthermore, the shelf life of our ready-to-use ITS1 LAMP activity (≥50%) was more than 40 days at 30 °C with 3–5% polyvinyl alcohol or glycerol additive. The results supported the ready-to-use ITS1 LAMP-HNB for simple detection of fungi contamination with high sensitivity in local and resource-constrained areas to prevent opportunistic fungal species infections.
An Analysis on the Impact of Firm Size on Profitability of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Aminu
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the impact of firm size on the profitability of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria, carried out based on the historical panel data analysis. To achieve this objective; an ex-post factor research design was employed. Data were generated from the annual reports and accounts of the sampled quoted Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) from 2005 – 2014. Fixed-effect and random-effect Generalized Least Square (GLS) regression technique was used as tool of data analysis. The findings establish that the independent variable (firm size) has insignificant positive effect on the DMBs’ profitability proxies represented by ROA and ROE. It was concluded that Firm Size does not have significant impact on the profitability of the listed DMBs in Nigeria. The paper recommends that DMBs should maintain optimum firm size through effective management of service operations which is crucial for controlling labor cost by using the smallest possible amount of inputs which include labor and other operating cost to bring out maximum result toward improving the corporate profitability significantly.
Determining Relative Percentage Change as a New Metrics in Scaling and Root Planning Therapy Outcome in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Aziz Abdul Samad , Kale Rahul , Kalekar Madhav Govind , Suryakar Adinath Narayan
Published: March 2021

Aims: To quantify the relative percentage change in the patients with periodontitis after employing the scaling and root planning (SRP) therapy and determine the association in the improvements in clinical parameters of biochemical oxidative stress (OS) markers, total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA).

Study Design: In this cross sectional study, two groups of patients were clinically evaluated and their biochemical parameters were quantified and statistically compared.

Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Biochemistry and Periodontology, M. A. Rangoonwala Dental College, Pune and Department of Biochemistry, Grant Govt. Medical College, Mumbai. The study was carried out between May 2010 and July 2012.

Methodology: Individuals with generalized chronic periodontitis (n = 86; CAL ≥ 3mm American Academy of Periodontology 1999 criteria) were clinically (Gingival index, plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level) and biochemically (TAOC, MDA) evaluated. The SRP therapy was performed and a follow-up was done after 3 months. The mean values of clinical and biochemical study parameters and their relative percentage change were evaluated thoroughly.

Results: Individuals with chronic periodontitis showed improved clinical and biochemical oxidative stress (OS) markers. After the SRP therapy, significant improvement (p ˂ 0.05) was found in both clinical and biochemical parameters from their corresponding pre-treatment values.

The relative percentage change in clinical parameters ranged between 14.5% to 38.7%, and those of TAOC and MDA were -10.3% and 34.71% respectively. Further, the relative % change in TAOC and MDA showed significant correlation (p ˂ 0.05) to those of PI, PD, and CAL.

Conclusion: On conducting the SRP therapy, improvement in clinical parameters and biochemical OS parameters is noticed in the individuals with periodontitis. The relative percentage change can be used as a tool for therapy outcome assessment.
The Impact of Potassium Sources and Bio Fertilizer on Corn Plant and Potassium Availability in Calcareous Soil
Authors: Rashwan Basma R. A. , Shaheen Alaa Eldeen A.
Published: March 2021

Two field experiments were conducted in a calcareous soil during summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 at the experimental in a private farm Mallawi, El- Minia Governorate, Egypt to evaluate application of K fertilization at different rates of K2SO4 and non-classic products, i.e. K feldspar, mixture with or without inoculation with the K dissolving bacteria (Bacillus circulans.) soil chemical properties, plant growth, yield and nutritional value of corn (Zea-maize hybrid third 310). Our results proved that inoculation of maize seeds with Bacillus circulans at rate of 36% K2O improved soil pH, EC, soil organic matter content and enhanced the soil available N, P and K concentrations. Also, the growth parameters, yield and nutritional status of the plants were significantly increased by using non-traditional potassium fertilizers particularly in the case of seed inoculated with potassium dissolving bacteria (Bacillus circulans).
Phenotypic and Morphometrical Characteristics of Sahiwal Cattle
Authors: Kaushik Purabi , Saikia Jnyanashree , Saharia Jitendra , Mili Dulal Chandra
Published: March 2021

The present study was conducted at Institutional livestock farm complex, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara. A total of 37 adult Sahiwal pure breed cattle were selected to study their phenotypic and Morphometric characteristics. Phenotypic characteristics were visually recorded and morphometric measurements were taken with a measuring tape. Coat and face colour of most of the animals are deep brown in colour but also few light brown colour animals were noticed. The muzzle, eye lashes, hooves and tails colour of Sahiwal cattle are mostly black.  Deep and light brown colour Hump was found.  A well-developed udder, a large pendular dewlap and long naval flap were found. The average Heart Girth, Body length, Ear length, Ear width, Neck length, Hoove length, Hoove circumference, Tail length were found to be 103.33±2.79, 62.33±0.48, 10.08±0.39, 6.58±0.28, 25.83±0.50, 4.33±0.18, 11.33±0.28, 39.83±0.27, 24.33±0.28, 113.41±2.27 cm respectively.
In vitro, In vivo and In situ, Effect of Mancozeb 80 WP on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. and Sacc., Causative Agent of Anthracnose of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Chad and Cameroon
Authors: Patrice Ngoh Dooh Jules , Placide Deurnaye , Madjerembe Abdoul , Rony Mbou T. Pavel , Gabriel Djongnang , Ulrich Boydoul F. , Bouba Djile , Zachee Ambang
Published: March 2021

Aims: The aim of this work was to evaluate effect of Mancozeb 80 WP against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the agent responsible of anthracnose of cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale  L.).

Study Design: The experimental design was in completely randomized blocks with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed in Laboratory of  Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maroua during six months. Field trial was carried out in Kelo, Chad during three months.

Methodology: Isolates were obtained from diseased organs (leaves and fruits) from Kélo in Chad and Maroua in Cameroon. The concentrations used in the laboratory were C1 (5 mg/ml), C2 (0.5 mg/ml), C3 (0.05 mg/ml), C4 (0.005 mg/ml), C5 (0.0 mg/ml). Radial growth, sporulation, conidial germination and pathogenicity were used to characterize and evaluate the effect of Mancozeb on the isolates in vitro. The preventive test was performed on three-month-old plants previously treated with Mancozeb. The concentration of 5 g/l was applied to the field and the incidence and severity were used to calculate the AUIPC (Area Under Disease Incidence Progress Curve) and AUSiPC (Area Under Disease Severity Index Progress Curve) curves.

Results: Mancozeb reduced radial growth of all isolates at concentrations C1 (5 mg/ml), C2 (0.5 mg/ml) and C3 (0.05 mg/ml). The percentages of inhibition ranged from 50 to 100%. Mancozeb 80 WP completely (100%) inhibited the germination of C. gloeosporioides conidia in vitro. Mancozeb has protected cashew plants in vivo at the concentration C1 (5 mg/ml). AUIPC and AUSiPC were higher on control plants and lower on Mancozeb-treated plants.

Conclusion: Mancozeb 80 WP may be associated in integrated pest management strategy against anthracnose.
A New Approach to the Laparoscopic Double Stapling Technique: Exploration and Reinforcement of Weak Points
Authors: Kimura Masahiro , Kuwabara Yoshiyuki , Mitsui Akira , Nagasaki Takaya , Nakaya Seiichi
Published: March 2021

Background: Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication in colorectal surgery, often associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Even with advances in medical technology and devices, the rates of anastomotic leakage is not on downward trend. We describe our experimental and clinical validation of our method to overcome the weakness of the double stapling technique, especially the intersecting staple lines.

Methods: Experimentally, we conducted double stapled anastomosis with pig small intestines. In order to verify pressure resistance, the anastomosis was tested and compared with that formed by a conventional stapler and a reinforced cartridge preattached to a Neoveil sheet. Additionally, during the anastomosis performed by the circular stapler, both ends of the Neoveil sheet were grasped by forceps, and the Neoveil sheet was pulled tight to fit the anastomotic surface. The burst pressure of the anastomosis was recorded. Clinically, we used a reinforced cartridge for rectal surgery performing a low anterior resection and verified its efficacy and safety.

Results: Unlike a conventional stapler, our methods with the use of a reinforced cartridge showed no leakage from the intersecting staple lines. Clinically, our method has been used for 20 patients without complications, including leakage and bleeding.

Conclusion: The addition of reinforcing material to the linear stapler should lead to increased strength of the anastomosis. We believe that a double stapling anastomosis that uses our method for the intersection lines provides increased safety and security and thereby should lead to a reduced rate of suture failure after rectal resection.
Automotive Package Lead Pullback Elimination Using Monte Carlo Analysis for Determining Leadframe and Blade Design
Authors: Talledo Jefferson S. , Cabading Jr. Patricio A. , Real Rogelio A.
Published: March 2021

This study focuses on eliminating the lead pullback problem in an automotive quad flat no lead (QFN) package in order to meet the non-negotiable requirement to have a solder wettable or solderable lead sidewall. It involves using a non-traditional approach of Monte Carlo tolerance analysis to determine the final leadframe and singulation blade design solution. It was found out that the zero lead pullback could be achieved by reducing the leadframe lead to lead distance from 0.275 mm to 0.225 mm and increasing the blade thickness from 0.325 mm to 0.350 mm. Actual results from 10 line stressing lots all showed zero pullback validating the effectiveness of the final design and the use of Monte Carlo tolerance analysis technique. Costly investment for a lead pullback inspection system was avoided and the 100% manual inspection eliminated.
Moderate Aerobic Exercise May Reduce Metabolic Syndrome Induced Testicular Oxidative Stress and Deterioration in Sperm Parameters
Authors: Karaman Muhammed Emre , Arslan Cengiz , Gürsu Mehmet Ferit , Güngör Halil Ibrahim , Arkali Gözde , Yüce Abdurraif , Türk Gaffari
Published: March 2021

Aims: Studies on testicular oxidative stress, sperm density, motility and morphology of exercise applications in the case of metabolic syndrome is limited. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise applications on sperm parameters and testicular oxidative stress parameters in metabolic syndrome induced rats.

Study Design:  Controlled Trial.

Place and Duration of Study: Firat University Experimental Research Center, Elazığ/Turkey.

Methodology: A total of 24 male Wistar-Albino rats were used in the study. For inducing the metabolic syndrome, 30% fructose solution was prepared fresh every day and administered ad-libitum through the drinking water of the animals. The rats were divided into 4 groups (G1: Control, G2: Metabolic Syndrome, G3: Metabolic Syndrome + Aerobic Ex., G4: Metabolic Syndrome + Anaerobic Ex.). Exercise practices continued 3 days in a week for 6 weeks.

Results: Sperm concentrations of G2 and G4 were statistically significantly lower than the control group. The abnormality percentage of G4 was statistically significantly higher than the other groups in terms of head abnormality and total abnormality. MDA level of G2 was statistically significantly higher than the other groups, while GSHpx and catalase levels were low.

Conclusion: It can be said that metabolic syndrome may cause oxidative damage in testicular tissue and deterioration in sperm parameters. Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise reduces the deterioration in sperm parameters by creating a protective response against oxidative damage.
Development of a Jerte Valley cherry-based beverage by fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and characterization of its potential functional value
Authors: Garrido Maria , Bote Maria Elena , Moreno Daniel , Adamez Jonathan Delgado
Published: March 2021

Lactic fermentation is a low-cost and sustainable bio-preservation method that aims to retain the sensory and nutritional characteristics of raw matrices. In this study two lactic fermentation processes were set up to elaborate two fermented cherry beverages as well as to determine their nutritional and functional characteristics. Differences between both processes were based on the pasteurization conditions and ascorbic acid addition time. The results were compared with those obtained in cherry fresh fruit and two pasteurized cherry purées. The purée and beverage obtained through protocol 2 (where ascorbic acid addition was carried out before the pasteurization process, which was applied during 5 minutes) were the most effective in preserving the reddish color of fruits compared to those obtained in protocol 1 (where ascorbic acid addition was carried out after the pasteurization process, which was applied during 10 minutes) . Similarly, protocol 2 was more efficient in preventing the loss of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins. The levels of serotonin did not change after the fermentation processes, whereas the amino acid concentration was higher in cherry-fermented beverages. Better results were obtained in cherry-fermented beverages. The lactic fermentation could be a useful and feasible technique to obtain natural drinks with functional / nutritional qualities.
Chlorophyll-a Concentration Assessment Using Remotely Sensed Data over Multiple Years along the Coasts of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Fathelrahman Eihab M. , Hussein Khalid A. , Paramban Safwan , Green Timothy R. , Vandenberg Bruce C.
Published: March 2021

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) recently witnessed algal/phytoplankton blooms attributed to the high concentrations of Chlorophyll-a associated with the spread and accumulation of a wide range of organisms with toxic effects that influence ecological and fishing economic activities and water desalination along coastal areas.  This research explores the UAE coasts as a case study for the framework presented here. In this research, we argue that advances in satellite remote sensing and imaging of spatial and temporal data offer sufficient information to find the best-fit regression method and relationship between Chlorophyll-a concentration and a set of climatic and biological explanatory variables over time. Three functional forms of regression models were tested and analysed to reveal that the Log-Linear Model found to be the best fit providing the most statistically robust model compared to the Linear and the Generalised Least Square models.  Besides, it is useful to identify the factors Sea Surface temperature, Calcite Concentration, Instantaneous Photosynthetically Available Radiation, Normalized Fluorescence Line Height, and Wind Speed that significantly influence Chlorophyll-a concentration. Research results can be beneficial to aid decision-makers in building a best-fit statistical system and models of algal blooms in the study area. The study found results to be sensitive to the study’s temporal time-period length and the explanatory variables selected for the analysis.
Assessment of the immunomodulatory effect of Aloe vera polysaccharides extracts on macrophages functions
Authors: Aranda-Cuevas Berenice , Cortez Jorge Tamayo- , Vargas Lourdes Vargas y , Flores Ignacio Islas- , Argáez Víctor Arana- , Luis Cuevas-Glory Sara Solís-Pereira, , Méndez Carlos Hernán Herrera
Published: March 2021

The present study evaluates the immunomodulatory effect of high molecular weight fractions of Aloe vera polysaccharides harvested during the dry season (March-April) and the rainy season (August-September). Peritoneal macrophages (MΦs) secluded from Balb/c mice underwent treatment with A. vera leaves extract and acemannan standard (the major component found in A. vera) and stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Macrophage cell viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method. Phagocytic activity was also evaluated in peritoneal macrophages, such as the production of nitric oxide and interleukin 6 (IL-6). In the results, found that the A. vera polysaccharides harvested during the rainy season stimulated the phagocytic activity with greater intensity than dry season and improvement NO and IL-6 production. No cytotoxic effect was found on cell viability and they cause a significant proliferative effect on macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. It can be concluded that the A. vera polysaccharides harvested during the rainy season possessed a stronger immunostimulatory effect compared to the extracts from leaves obtained during dry seasons in a concentration-dependent manner without aff at the cell viability of macrophages.
Mechanically deboned poultry meat and brewer's processing by-product as promising ingredients for nutritionally valuable extruded snacks
Authors: Delić Jovana , Peulić Tatjana , Radmilo Čolović Predrag Ikonić, , Peulić Tatjana , Jokanović Marija , Slađana Rakita Vojislav Banjac,
Published: March 2021

Functional food is evolving constantly, trying to satisfy everyday needs for macro and micronutrients. Protein-rich food is highly demanded, due to protein’s structural role in tissue formation, cell reparation, and hormone and enzyme production. Extruded products prepared of cornmeal, mechanically deboned poultry meat (MDPM) and brewer’s spent grain (BSG) were evaluated for their nutritional and physical properties. Addition of BSG and increase of MDPM share in the blend, resulted in significantly (p<0.05) better nutritional characteristics of obtained snacks, giving products with 14.4% and 12.0% protein content. BSG had significant (p<0.05) influence on extrudates’ physical properties: lateral expansion has dropped, (89.17% vs. 51.79%), length has increased (12.4 mm vs. 18 mm),while lower values of hardness and firmness of extrudates were registered as well. Also, incorporation of this brewing industry by-product in combination with a higher share of MDPM resulted in significantly (p<0.05) darker products. The results of this study showed that BSG and MDPM are perspective ingredients for nutritionally valuable ready-to-eat extruded products, but additional investigation is needed in order to optimise processing parameters and quality of obtained meat snacks
Sensory profiles and hedonic perception of commercial potato chips under blind and informed consumer tests
Authors: Lee Sang-Hyeok , Lee Youngseung
Published: March 2021

Although consumer hedonic perception on various food products was evaluated under blind and informed conditions, little research was conducted on commercial potato chips to examine how consumers' perception would change after products' information was disclosed to consumers. Sensory profiles and hedonic perception of six marketed potato chips were investigated under blind and informed conditions, including the specific product manufacturer, nutritional ingredients, and additives. A total of 18 sensory attributes of the chips were profiled by descriptive analysis, and all samples were evaluated under blind or informed conditions by 80 consumers, who rated their acceptance. Significant variations in sensory profiles between tested samples were observed, indicating a broad range of product quality in the marketplace. For the informed consumer test, the health-related positive effect such as oil-free on overall liking scores was not manifested. It suggests that consumers are not willing to compromise on taste, regardless of any benefit, including health. Cluster analysis also showed that no clear market segmentation was observed in both blind and informed evaluations. Therefore, it is concluded that whether potato chips are health-oriented or not is not a key factor in dictating consumers' hedonic perception. Taste is the most important factor affecting consumer choice when purchasing potato chips.
Design of Labneh cheese fortified with alginate-encapsulated pepper (Capsicum annuum) extracts
Authors: Balabanova Tatyana , Petkova Nadezhda , Ivanova Mihaela , Panayotov Nikolay
Published: March 2021

The aim of the present study was to manufacture fresh cheese Labneh enriched with antioxidative compounds from pepper (Capsicum annuum) extracts encapsulated in alginate beads. The carbohydrate content, total phenolic, and carotenoids content, as well as the antioxidant activity of prepared Labneh samples, were evaluated. The microbiological screening on the 1st and 20th day of storage period at 4 ± 1 °C was performed as well. The obtained results for chemical properties illustrated that the addition of alginate-encapsulated pepper (Capsicum annuum) extracts in Labneh had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the level of total phenols and antioxidant activity in comparison with the control sample. The presence of lactose, galactose and glucose were detected in all samples. It was established that the total viable lactic acid bacterial count (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) in the experimental samples decreased at the end of the storage period. Coliforms, yeasts, and moulds were not detected in the samples with encapsulated pepper extracts. The sensory evaluation demonstrated a higher score for most Labneh samples with encapsulated pepper extracts in comparison with the control sample. A new cheese product was developed and alginate-encapsulated pepper (Capsicum annuum) extracts were evaluated as a proper approach for the fortification of natural pigments and antioxidants in Labneh samples.
Effect of salinity stress on quinoa germination. Influence of ionic and osmotic components
Authors: Buedo Sebastián E. , Gonzáleza Juan Antonio
Published: March 2021

Quinoa is a salinity tolerant species that can be used as a complementary crop in saline soils in many parts of the world. Previous studies, mostly referred to the influence of sodium chloride, have shown that according to the genetic material there are different salinity degrees of tolerance. In general, germination decreases with increasing salinity. However, there are few quinoa studies related to the components of saline stress (ionic and osmotic factors). In this study, the influence of both factors, in the presence of NaCl and KCl salts on CICA Var cultivated in the Argentina Northwest was evaluated. The seeds were germinated under different salt concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mM NaCl and KCl) and in PEG8000 in solutions osmotically equivalent to the concentrations of sodium and potassium salts. The results showed that up to 200 mM of NaCl and KCl, germination reached values higher than 90% and after 300 mM of salts the rate and final germination decreased. The ionic factor of both salts has the greatest influence on germination. This result can be explained by the physiological adjustment that this variety, originally from the mountainous area of Peru, displayed against the edaphic and microclimatic conditions of the cultivation site in the Argentine Northwest (1,995 m asl).
Production and characterization of biomass and exopolysaccharides obtained in submerged culture under different initial pHs used in the cultivation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizopus stolonifer
Authors: Cobos Juan Diego Valenzuela , Rodríguez-Grimón René Oscar , Grijalva-Endara Ana , Marcillo-Vallejo Raúl , Mercader-Camejo Onay Adonys
Published: March 2021

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (GC003) and Rhizopus stolonifer (RS001) were cultivated in two different liquid culture media: LC1 (glucose 40 g L-1, yeast extract 3 g L-1 and tryptone peptone 2 g L-1) and LC2 (glucose 40 g L-1, yeast extract 3 g L-1 and tryptone peptone 10 g L-1) for the production of mycelial biomass and exopolysaccharides (EPS). By using the liquid culture (LC2) under pH of 4.5 presented the highest biomass content (15.73 g L-1) in the propagation of Rhizopus stolonifer. The highest production of exopolysaccharides (1.74 g L-1) was obtained by the liquid culture (LC2) under pH of 4.5 in the cultivation of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The results presented that the production of biomass and exopolysaccharides (EPS) is directly related with the pHs values and the strain used in the cultivation.