bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laser-Aided External Drainage of Subretinal Fluid: Prospective Randomized Comparison With Needle Drainage
Authors: Das Taraprasad P , Jalali Subhadra
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

In a prospective randomized study of 50 consecutive eyes, we compared the safety and efficacy of draining subretinal fluid transchoroidally in primary scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using a needle, with the safety and efficacy of the same procedure using an angulated endolaser probe set at 1 W for 0.2 seconds, using an average of 2.4 laser burns. There were no significant complications associated with the laser-aided drainage procedures (25 eyes). In the transchoroidal needle drainage procedures (25 eyes), subretinal hemorrhage occurred in three eyes and retinal incarceration in one. Thus, though our numbers are small, there appears to be some advantage of laser-assisted drainage in terms of a lower incidence of complications.
Cyclodialysis Cleft Following a Scleral Tunnel Incision
Authors: Maffett Mark J , O'Day Denis M
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We report a case of ocular hypotony secondary to a cyclodialysis cleft that developed following a phacoemulsification procedure in which a scierai tunnel incision was used. A cyclodialysis cleft should be suspected in cases of persistent postoperative hypotony.
Guidelines for Overseas Eye Surgery Expeditions Using Short-Term Volunteers
Authors: Brown Harry S , Brown Baillie R , Wessels Izak F
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Many developing countries face the overwhelming problem of addressing preventable and curable blindness. United States-based ophthalmologists can make important contributions in this regard by volunteering to teach and deliver eye care overseas. However, there are a number of potential risks and difficulties. Surgical Eye Expeditions (SEE) International has developed a logistical outline and planning checklist designed to minimize or avoid such problems. Critical components include a firm timetable, advanced planning, advance contact with a local ophthalmologist or organization, and a thorough understanding of the importance of adapting to the needs of other cultures. With a little planning, the average philanthropic ophthalmologist can make major contributions to individuals and communities in developing nations.
Nucleus Viscoexpression Compared With Other Techniques of Nucleus Removal in Extracapsular Cataract Extraction With Capsulorhexis
Authors: Bellucci Roberto , Morselli Simonetta , Pucci Vincenzo , Bonomi Luciano
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We compared three nucleus delivery procedures used during extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) after capsulorhexis in 142 eyes. In 25 eyes, the nucleus was expressed through a capsulorhexis 7 mm or wider. In 40 eyes, the nucleus was broken into two pieces and removed through a capsulorhexis 6 mm or less. In 77 eyes, viscoexpression was used to remove the nucleus from the capsular bag through a capsulorhexis 6 mm or less. Nucleus expression after a wide capsulorhexis was successful in 68% of the eyes in which it was attempted. Nucleus fragmentation was successful in 90%. Postoperative inflammation was high in both of these groups. Nucleus viscoexpression was successful in 93%, with low postoperative inflammation. Although it requires a 7- to 8millimeter corneoscleral incision, based on our study, viscoexpression would appear to be the best nuclear delivery technique when ECCE, rather than phacoemulsification, is being performed.
A Human Cadaver Eye Model for Anterior and Posterior Segment Laser Applications
Authors: Oram Osman , Gross Ronald L , Severin Todd D , Feldman Robert M , Orengo-Nania Silvia
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We have developed a cadaver eye model that allows anterior and posterior segment laser procedures to be performed under closely simulated in vivo conditions. The model consists of a reusable container with an artificial cornea with a refractive power and an anterior radius of curvature similar to those of the human cornea, and a fresh cadaver eye, prepared by removing the cornea and adjusting the biometrie parameters to normal values. This cadaver eye model appears to be a valuable tool for teaching and practicing anterior and posterior segment laser procedures, as well as for research on new laser systems and applications.
Nd:YAG Laser Posterior Hyaloidotomy in Subhyaloid Hemorrhage
Authors: Kaynak Süleyman , Eryildirim Ahmet , Kaynak Tülin , Durak Ismet , Saatçi Osman , Eryildirim Süreyya , Özcan Yüksel
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Subhyaloid hemorrhage is usually a benign condition that generally improves spontaneously and rarely causes visual loss. However, because subhyaloid hemorrhage may be associated with permanent macular changes before K spontaneously resolves, posterior Nd: YAG hyaloidotomy may be indicated in selected patients. We performed Q-switched IMd:YAG laser posterior hyaloidotomy via the transcorneal route in two cases of subhyaloid hemorrhage. The hemorrhage instantaneously drained into the vitreous cavity, resulting in a dramatic increase in visual acuity.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss Following Phacoemulsification Using the Small-Port Phaco
Authors: Hayashi Ken , Nakao Fuminori , Hayashi Fumihiko
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We studied the extent of corneal endothelial injury after phacoem unification using the Small-Port Phaco (SPP), a new phacoemulsification instrument that allows linear aspiration during phacoemulsification. Of 72 eyes undergoing phacoemulsification, the SPP was used in 33 (group 1) and a standard phacoemulsification instrument in 39 (group 2). Endothelial cell density was examined by specular microscopy preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months after surgery, and the percentage of endothelial cell loss was evaluated. Operative factors influencing endothelial injury such as the duration of ultrasound emission, the ultrasound power expended, and the amount of irrigating solution used also were measured.

The percentages of endothelial cell loss at both 1 and 3 months were significantly less (P < .05) in group 1 than in group 2 (in group 1, 4.3 ± 3.4% at 1 month, and 5.6 ± 3.8% at 3 months; in group 2, 6.9 ± 4.6%, and 8.3 ± 5.4%, respectively). The duration of emission was shorter and the ultrasound power discharged was smaller in the SPP cases. Since the total ultrasound energy emitted in the SPP cases was less than that in the standard-instrument cases, we conclude that the reduced corneal endothelial damage observed in group 1 was directly related to the smaller total ultrasound power expended in these cases.
The Effect of Silicone Intubation on Failure and Infection Rates After Dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Walland Mark J , Rose Geoffrey E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Of 388 cases of dacryocystorhinostomy eligible for silicone intubation, intubation was used in 238 (61%) and not used in 150 (39%). The indications for intubation were canalicular disease or sac characteristics predisposing to failure. No significant difference was found in the rate of failure (.5 < P < 1.0) or soft-tissue infection (.25 < P < .5) for either primary or repeated surgery. Antibiotic prophylaxis did not a Her these risks in relation to silicone intubation.
Computerized Topography of a Full-Thickness Corneal Laceration
Authors: Smith Scott D , Navon Samuel E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A full-thickness corneal laceration was studied by computerized topography. Measurements taken preoperatively and during healing allowed the effects of the injury, its repair, and subsequent suture removal to be isolated and separately analyzed.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy for the Assessment of Molteno Tube Position
Authors: Crichton Andrew C S , McWhae John A , Reimer Jeannie
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Due to anatomic distortion or surgical complications, it may be difficult to determine the precise position of an implanted Molteno tube. We performed ultrasound biomicroscopy (high-resolution ultrasound) to test the usefulness of this modality in localizing implanted Molteno tubes in 10 patients with Molteno tubes. A 50-mega hertz transducer with a penetration of approximately 4 mm was used to produce a magnified image of the anterior segment. The Molteno tube was visualized without complication in all of these cases.
Procedures Involving StarShaped Capsulectomy for Managing Congenital Cataracts in Developing Nations
Authors: Berger Roland R , Kenyeres Agnes M , Van Coller Beulah , Pretorius Christine F
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

The management of congenital cataracts is still challenging, especially in developing nations, where surgical facilities are limited. Congenital cataracts were extracted from 22 patients (26 eyes): a procedure consisting of a star-shaped anterior capsulectomy and wash-out of lens material (STARWO) was performed in 16 of them (18 eyes) (group A); a procedure consisting of a star-shaped anterior capsulectomy, wash-out, anterior vitrectomy through the posterior capsulotomy, and repeated tearing of remnants of the anterior capsule (STARWAR) was performed in six patients (eight eyes) (group B). Intraocular lenses were implanted in both groups.

In group A, secondary membranes (27.7%) developed in five eyes, postoperative uveitis in four (22.2%), and a late Elschnig pearl in 1 (5.5%). In group B, there was one case of secondary membrane formation (12.5%), and one of postoperative uveitis; neither required subsequent intervention.

The inexpensive instrumentation used and the low rate of perioperative complications encountered in these patients make these two techniques attractive alternatives for managing congenital cataracts in developing nations.
Medial Canthoplasty for Optimum Support of the Lower Eyelid in 14 Patients
Authors: Mauriello Joseph A , Mostafavi Ramin
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Medial canthoplasty surgically fuses the upper and lower lids medial to the puncta. The authors modified the procedure by inserting a temporary lacrimal stent in order to avoid kinking and scar contracture of the canaliculi.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: A medial canthoplasty successfully corrected lower eyelid laxity in 14 patients with the following conditions: (1) exposure and/or neurotrophic keratitis with medial ectropion and/or retraction of the lower eyelid (11 patients), and (2) inability to retain a prosthesis because of lower eyelid ectropion and contracture of the inferior conjunctival fornix (3 anophthalmic patients).

* RESULTS: All patients had a satisfactory cosmetic result despite minimal vertical and horizontal narrowing of the palpebral fissure. Complications included partial wound dehiscence and pyogenic granuloma.

* CONCLUSION: The modified medial canthoplasty described in this article corrects medial ectropion with minimal cosmetic deformity.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:869-875.]
The True Rate of Success in Argon Laser Eyelash Thermoablation
Authors: Elder Mark J
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Argon laser thermoablation has a success rate of 50% typically, when success is defined as an absence of recurrence of any eyelash per lid treated. When success is redefined as an absence of recurrence per eyelash treated, the success rate increases to 76% to 93%. Laser thermoablation potentially offers selective eyelash ablation with minimal inflammation and adjacent tissue damage. Its true rate of success may be better than previously indicated. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:888-890.]
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Eyes Treated With Silicone Oil
Authors: Kaynak S , Söylev M F , Kovanlikaya I , Durak I , Çakmakçi H , Isik C , Saatci A O
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting retinal detachment (RD) in eyes filled with silicone oil, and to determine the MRI characteristics of silicone oil in vivo.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seven eyes of seven patients with RD and eight eyes of eight patients without RD after silicone oil surgery were included in the study. All of the patients had clear media. MRI was performed in these patients. The results of ophthalmic examinations were compared with MRI findings.

RESULTS: MRI detected six of the seven detached retinas. The multiplanar imaging capability of MRI helped in showing the RDs in various locations. The chemical shift artifact exaggerated the retinal thickness and made the detached retina visible. Fat suppressed images showed the silicone oil-corneal contact clearly.

CONCLUSION: MRI is an effective technique for demonstrating RD in eyes filled with silicone oil and can be used successfully in eyes with opaque media.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:1019-1023.]
Ultrasonographic Findings of the Optic Disc in Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Snir Moshe , Kremer Israel , Barash David , Lusky Moshe , Yassur Yuval
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 2-month-old female infant with intractable congenital glaucoma and diffuse corneal opacification underwent trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injection in both eyes followed by penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) combined with partial cyclocryotherapy in the right eye. The latter procedure was undertaken despite the B-scan ultrasonographic finding of extensive optic disc cupping in order to provide the infant with some degree of improved visual function. The anatomic and functional results are discussed. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27: 1039-1040.]
Indocyanine Green Angiography of a Laser-Induced Retinal-Choroidal Venous Anastomosis
Authors: Cohen Steven M
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A patient with a central retinal vein occlusion and cystoid macular edema whose visual acuity was 20/200 was treated with heavy argon laser photocoagulation to a peripheral retinal vein. The patient's visual acuity improved to 20/20. An indocyanine green angiogram performed 5 months following laser therapy showed that a retinal-choroidal venous anastomosis had formed at a point where a large retinal vein crossed over a large choroidal vein. Because indocyanine green angiography can locate large choroidal veins, it may be helpful in guiding this laser treatment. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:65-66.!
Intraoperative Recognition of Retinal Vasculitis in a Patient With Early Lens-Induced Uveitis
Authors: Besen Gilberto , Freeman William R
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The purpose of this article is to describe a clinical finding not previously reported in lensinduced uveitis. An 86-year-old woman was seen by the authors 2 weeks after she had undergone phacoemulsification surgery complicated by retained lens material. A pars plana vitrectomy was indicated. Intraoperatively, retinal arteritis and phlebitis were documented in the retina immediately adjacent to the lens material. This resolved after removal of the material by vitrectomy. This previously unreported finding demonstrates the focal inflammatory effect of the retained lens material on the retinal vasculature. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:67-68.]
Nd:YAG Laser for Ahmed Tube Shunt Occlusion by the Posterior Capsule
Authors: Tessler Zvi , Jluchoded Sergay , Rosenthal Gideon
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The authors describe the case of a 60-yearold aphakic woman who had suffered from glaucoma with uncontrolled intraocular pressure. She was treated by Ahmed tube shunt implantation. On the first postoperative day, the intraocular pressure was unacceptably high and the tip of the implant tube was seen to be embedded in a fold of the posterior capsule, with its opening covered by the posterior capsule. The authors used the Nd: YAG laser to cut open the fold of the posterior capsule that was covering the tip of the tube, thereby restoring the intraocular pressure to normal. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a tube shunt occlusion by the posterior capsule resolved by the Nd:YAG laser. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28:69-70.]
Restoration of the Anophthalmic Socket With Secondary Implantation of a Coralline Hydroxyapatite Sphere
Authors: Georgiadis Nick S , Terzidou Chryssa D , Dimitriadis Athanasios S
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Restoration of the anophthalmic socket to improve the aesthetic result on the face.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors describe variations in the technique of secondary orbital implantation in 10 patients using the scleralwrapped hydroxyapatite (HA) sphere implant. Secondary implantation was performed in 4 patients without a previously inserted orbital implant, in 4 patients as an exchange procedure with a preexisting orbital implant, and in 2 patients with eviscerated eyes. Two of these patients proceeded with the drilling operation.

* RESULTS: All 10 patients achieved a better facial appearance. There were no postoperative complications during the follow-up period of between 6 and 53 months.

* CONCLUSION: Based on the authors' experience, secondary implantation of the HA sphere is a procedure of choice with no complications, but requires considerable skill and patience on the part of the surgeon.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:808-814.]
Perifoveal Laser Treatment for Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Falcone Philip , Chaudhry Nauman A , Grannum Errol
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The management of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to age-related macular degeneration presents a major therapeutic dilemma. No treatment may lead to severe visual loss, and direct laser treatment to the entire subfoveal lesion results in acute loss of visual acuity. Encouraging results have been described with a foveal-sparing laser technique for subfoveal CNV The authors performed perifoveal confluent laser treatment on a relatively well-defined occult CNV, sparing the foveal avascular zone. One month after treatment, the visual acuity had improved from 20/400 to 20/30. At 24 months, the visual acuity was 20/40 with no recurrence. Confluent perifoveal laser treatment for subfoveal CNV may be useful in preserving central visual acuity in selected patients. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:933-934.]
Cytomegalovirus Iritis
Authors: Cheng Lingyun , Rao Narsing A , Keefe Kelly S , Avila Cesar P , Macdonald J Christopher , Freeman William R
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We describe a case of focal cytomegalovirus iritis in a patient with acquired imunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had CMV retinitis. The autopsy showed histologic evidence of focal iritis in the left eye. This iritis was characterized by infiltration of acute inflammatory cells mixed with cytomegalic cells, which was confirmed by CMV- specific immunohistochemical staining. The case suggested that cytomegalovirus could be a direct causative agent of infectious iritis in AIDS patients. [Ophthlamic Surg Lasers 1998;29:930-932.]
Combined Cyclodialysis and Cataract Surgery
Authors: Rowan Patrick J
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Glaucoma patients who require surgery for cataract may be treated with a combined surgical procedure. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of combining cyclodialysis with self-sealing, small incision cataract surgery for patients with cataracts and glaucoma.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study. Fifty consecutive patients who had undergone the combined surgical procedure in 1 992 or 1993 were identified. The patients were observed through the medical charts to determine when treatment failure (lack of improvement in intraocular pressure [IOP] control) occurred. The routine clinic examination schedule for the cases was generally at 1 to 2 days, 1 to 2 weeks, 1 to 2 months, 3 to 4 months, 5 to 6 months, 8 to 9 months, 1 year, and at yearly intervals thereafter. The rates of treatment failure and mean time to failure were determined using life-table methods. IOP control status at the final available follow-up examination was summarized for the group.

* RESULTS: Thirty-seven of the 50 patients (74%) had a successful result. At the final available follow-up, 31 of these patients (62% of the entire cohort) were without all medications while maintaining IOP control. The other 6 patients demonstrated improved control by either requiring less medication to maintain control or by improving from the baseline level while being treated with medication. The reduced pressures appeared to be stable and maintained throughout a median followup time of 29 months.

* CONCLUSION: Combining cyclodialysis with small incision cataract surgery has been successful in a high percentage of cases in the authors experience. It has become the procedure of first choice for patients with cataracts and glaucoma.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:962-968.]
Surgical Outcome on Combined Procedures of Lens Extraction, Intraocular Lens Implantation, and Vitrectomy During Removal of the Epiretinal Membrane
Authors: Ando Akira , Nishimura Tetsuya , Uyama Masanobu
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors evaluated the outcome of combined procedures of lens extraction, intraocular lens implantation, and vitrectomy during procedures for the removal of the epiretinal membrane, and attempt to clarify which factors affected the outcome of surgery.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Surgery for the removal of the epiretinal membrane was performed and a 2-year follow-up program was maintained for 32 eyes at the authors' clinic during the past 5 years. The combined procedure was undertaken in 15 eyes, whereas a simple vitrectomy was performed in 17 eyes. Results were analyzed by postoperative ophthalmoscopic and slit-lamp examinations for visual acuity and complications.

* RESULTS: Six months after surgery, visual acuity improved similarly in both groups. But, 2 years after surgery, 11 eyes (65%) that underwent a simple vitrectomy showed decreased visual acuity due to the advancement of cataracts. The postoperative visual acuity at 6 months correlated to preoperative visual acuity, and the advancement of cataracts tended to correlate inversely to the age of the patients. Major complications did not occur in any of the cases.

* CONCLUSION: Earlier surgical management is better for treatment of the epiretinal membrane, and a combined procedure has advantages in cost reduction and is less troublesome, especially for elderly patients.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:974-979.]
One-Year Follow-Up of Laser Trabeculoplasty Using Q-Switched Frequency-Doubled Nd:YAG Laser of 523 nm Wavelength
Authors: Kim Yong Jae , Moon Chul Shin
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of a new laser treatment of open angle glaucoma that targets pigmented cells in the trabecular meshwork for disruption.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 16 eyes of chronic open angle glaucoma patients were treated in the method similar to argon laser trabeculoplasty using Q-switched, frquency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (523 nm). The treatment results were followed and analyzed for a one-year period.

RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure reduction of 3.81 mm Hg (15%) at 3 months, 3.94 mm Hg (16.1%) at 6 months, and 4.93 mm Hg (20.2%) at 12 months from the baseline were obtained. Slightly greater reductions were seen in the responder group that consisted of eyes showing 3 mm Hg or greater reduction. Adverse reactions were minimal and not significant.

* CONCLUSION: This new laser trabeculoplasty has shown reasonable efficacy and safety on a limited number of eyes over a one year duration.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:394-399]
Exophiala werneckii Endophthalmitis Following Cataract Surgery in an Immunocompetent Individual
Authors: Huber Christian E , LaBerge Tom , Schwiesow Tyson , Carroll Karen , Bernstein Paul S , Mamalis Nick
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A case of infectious endophthalmitis caused by the saprophyte Exophiala werneckii is reported. This has not been recognized as a pathogen for ocular infections previously. The infection followed uncomplicated cataract surgery involving phacoemulsification and IOL implant. Clinical presentation was that of an indolent endophthalmitis with relatively acute onset. Pars plana vitrectomy, fungal stains, and culture established the diagnosis. Initial management consisted of empirical intravitreal injection of vancomycin, ceftazidime, and amphotericin B. Treatment was supplemented with a 3-week course of systemic fluconazole and topical therapy with natamycin, atropine, ciprofloxacin, and diclofenac. The visual acuity returned to 20/20-2 with no recurrence of infection. The source of the infection could not be determined. Fungal endophthalmitis has to be considered as a rare, though important, complication following ophthalmic surgery. Specific fungal stains and cultures are helpful for establishing the diagnosis early in the course of disease. E werneckii should be considered in the differential diagnosis of fungal endophthalmitis. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:417-422]
A Case of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Following Systemic Treatment with Corticosteroids for Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome
Authors: Maruyama Yuka , Hayashi Hideyuki , Takahashi Koki , Iino Kazumi , Kora Yukiko
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 29-year-old man developed acute visual impairment, cough, and headache. Both eyes showed serous retinal detachment in the posterior fundus. Fluorescein angiography showed subretinal pooling of fluorescein in the late phase. A diagnosis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome was made based on clinical features. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids resulted in improvement of uveitis and both eyes showed "sunset glow" fundus 11 months later. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) developed 13 months later (3 months after systemic corticosteroid therapy). Despite treatment with insulin, glycemic control was poor. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing showed HLADR9 and DQB 1*0303 related to IDDM. We postulated that treatment with corticosteroids precipitated IDDM, a yet unknown common autoimmune mechanism might have caused IDDM and VKH, or both conditions occurred coincidentally. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:487-490]
Microblepharon: A Case Report
Authors: Jordan David P , Hwang Ivan P , Pashby Robert
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Microblepharon is a rare congenital anomaly manifested by a vertical shortening of the eyelids. We describe the clinical presentation and surgical outcome of a patient with trisomy 21 and microblepharon. Microblepharon occurs in varying degrees and must be distinguished from ablepharon and cryptophthalmos. A variety of surgical options are available depending upon the degree of lid involvement. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000;31:502-505]
A Modification of the Ahmed Valve for Tight Places
Authors: Latina Mark A , Gulati Vikas
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The availability of adequate conjunctival tissue is essential for successful implantation of glaucoma valves. This report describes a technique to place a trimmed Ahmed valve in an eye with limited subconjunctival space due to systemic disease and multiple previous surgical procedures, including a scierai buckle. Successful lowering of intraocular pressure was obtained with the technique during the follow-up period. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003; 34: 396-397.]
The Use of Viscoelastics During Pars Plana Vitrectomy in Eyes With an Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lens
Authors: Bashshur Ziad F , Zein Wadih , Ma'luf Riad N
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with an anterior chamber intraocular lens poses several challenges. This becomes more obvious during fluid-air exchange. The use of viscoelastics during the surgery to overcome these problems is described. This technique allows better visibility intraoperatively, provides a stable anterior chamber, and maintains corneal clarity. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:413-416.]
Hypotony and Choroidal Effusion Induced by Topical Timolol and Dorzolamide in Patients With Previous Glaucoma Drainage Device Implantation
Authors: Callahan Claiborne , Ayyala Ramesh S
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Three patients with glaucoma drainage devices and one patient who had trabeculectomy with mitomycin C were treated with a combination of topical timolol 0.5% and dorzolamide hydrochloride in the late postoperative period to decrease the intraocular pressure to the target level. All four patients developed ciliochoroidal effusions with hypotony that resolved with the discontinuation of the topical medication. Aqueous suppressants can induce ciliochoroidal effusions and hypotony in the late postoperative phase in some patients with glaucoma drainage devices. Discontinuation of the medication usually results in the resolution of the choroidal effusions. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003; 34:467-469.]
Laser Tube Ligature Release Following Aqueous Shunt Implantation in Young Children
Authors: Sidoti Paul A. , Panarelli Joseph F. , Huruta-Dias Raquel , Jardim Juliana , Leon-Rosen Jonathan , Rosen Richard B.
Published: April 2021

The implantation of non-valved aqueous shunting devices in children is often complicated by intraocular pressure elevation in the early postoperative period, during which time the tube is closed with a temporary suture ligature to avoid hypotony. Release of a polyglactin suture ligature using conventional laser lysis is not possible in young children in the clinic setting. The authors describe a minimally invasive technique using a portable green diode (532-nm) laser delivered through a standard endoprobe and a Hoskins laser suture lysis lens to disrupt a polyglactin suture ligature following pars plana aqueous shunt implantation in a young child.
Direct Cyclopexy with a Posterior Infusion Cannula
Authors: Rabinowitz Michael , Khator Parul , Shah Chirag P. , Ichhpujani Parul , Spirn Marc J. , Moster Marlene R.
Published: April 2021

Numerous surgical procedures have been proposed for cyclodialysis cleft repair. The authors describe a novel technique of cyclopexy with posterior infusion cannula in a patient with persistent hypotony and maculopathy secondary to a large cyclodialysis cleft after trauma.
Accidental Nd:YAG Laser–Induced Macular Hole in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Fernandez Maria Paula , Modi Yasha S. , John Vishak J. , Berrocal Audina M.
Published: April 2021

After being exposed to an industrial Nd:YAG laser, an 11-year-old boy developed a full-thickness macular hole in the right eye with resultant visual acuity of 20/100. Five months after the initial injury, the vision was stable and the hole was still present. The patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and gas tamponade with prone positioning. Three months postoperatively, visual acuity improved to 20/25 with closure of the macular hole; however, there was a focal photoreceptor deficit. A review of the English-language literature identified 15 eyes with similar macular hole injuries after Nd:YAG exposure. Three eyes were surgically managed. While all holes were successfully closed, only two experienced visual improvement.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:e7–e10.]
Exact and WKB-approximate distributions in a gene expression model with feedback in burst frequency, burst size, and protein stability
Authors: Bokes Pavol
Published: April 2021

The expression of individual genes into functional protein molecules is a noisy dynamical process. Here we model the protein concentration as a jump-drift process which combines discrete stochastic production bursts (jumps) with continuous deterministic decay (drift). We allow the drift rate, the jump rate, and the jump size to depend on the protein level to implement feedback in protein stability, burst frequency, and burst size. We specifically focus on positive feedback in burst size, while allowing for arbitrary autoregulation in burst frequency and protein stability. Two versions of feedback in burst size are thereby considered: in the first, newly produced molecules instantly participate in feedback, even within the same burst; in the second, within-burst regulation does not occur due to the so-called infinitesimal delay. Without infinitesimal delay, the model is explicitly solvable; with its inclusion, an exact distribution to the model is unavailable, but we are able to construct a WKB approximation that applies in the asymptotic regime of small but frequent bursts. Comparing the asymptotic behaviour of the two model versions, we report that they yield the same WKB quasi-potential but a different exponential prefactor. We illustrate the difference on the case of a bimodal protein distribution sustained by a sigmoid feedback in burst size: we show that the omission of the infinitesimal delay overestimates the weight of the upper mode of the protein distribution. The analytic results are supported by kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations.
A free boundary problem of some modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with nonlocal diffusion term
Authors: Niu Shiwen , Cheng Hongmei , Yuan Rong
Published: April 2021

This paper is mainly considered a Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with nonlocal diffusion term and a free boundary condition. The model describes the evolution of the two species when they initially occupy the bounded region \begin{document}$ [0,h_0] $\end{document}. We first show that the problem has a unique solution defined for all \begin{document}$ t>0 $\end{document}. Then, we establish the long-time dynamical behavior, including Spreading-vanishing dichotomy and Spreading-vanishing criteria.
Global behavior of P-dimensional difference equations system
Authors: Khelifa Amira , Halim Yacine
Published: April 2021

The global asymptotic stability of the unique positive equilibrium point and the rate of convergence of positive solutions of the system of two recursive sequences has been studied recently. Here we generalize this study to the system of $ p $ recursive sequences $x_{n+1}^{(j)}=A+\left(x_{n-m}^{(j+1) mod (p)} \;\;/ x_{n}^{(j+1) mod (p)}\;\;\;\right) $, $ n = 0,1,\ldots, $ $ m,p\in \mathbb{N} $, where $ A\in(0,+\infty) $, $ x_{-i}^{(j)} $ are arbitrary positive numbers for $ i = 1,2,\ldots,m $ and $ j = 1,2,\ldots,p. $ We also give some numerical examples to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results obtained.
L’Habitat hallstattien de Brumath « lotissement Édouard Manet-deuxième tranche » (Bas-Rhin)
Authors: Mentele Serge , Plouin Suzanne , Guillaume Maxime
Published: April 2021

Le mobilier du Ha D1-D2 mis au jour sur le site d’habitat de Brumath Betzetweg comporte un abondant ensemble céramique dont une partie, provenant d’une dizaine de structures, est associée à du mobilier caractéristique essentiellement métallique. L’abondance et la rareté de certaines pièces témoignent du statut important de ce site. Les activités agro-pastorales et artisanales sont attestées par certains autres éléments de ce mobilier.
L’aménagement des cours de récréation et l’organisation d’espaces de parole permettent-ils de réduire le harcèlement scolaire ?
Authors: Tolmatcheff Chloé , Bebiroglu Neda , Galand Benoit
Published: April 2021

Cet article présente deux études qui visent à évaluer l’efficacité d’un dispositif de prévention et de lutte contre le harcèlement scolaire basé sur l’aménagement de la cour de récréation, l’organisation d’espaces de parole avec les élèves et l’instauration d’un conseil de discipline. Ces études suivent un plan de recherche quasi-expérimental impliquant un groupe intervention et un groupe témoin ainsi qu’une comparaison pré-test/post-test. Des mesures liées aux violences agies et subies, au climat scolaire, à l’adaptation psycho-sociale des élèves ainsi qu’à la cohésion et à l’efficacité perçue de l’équipe éducative ont été recueillies auprès de plus de 2 000 élèves de 8 à 13 ans et d’une centaine d’enseignants pour l’étude 1, et de 534 élèves de 10 à 12 ans pour l’étude 2. Les résultats convergent pour indiquer l’absence d’effet du dispositif évalué et soulignent l’importance des conditions de mise en œuvre ainsi que la nécessité d’évaluer rigoureusement les programmes avant leur diffusion à large échelle.
DNA Fragment Assembly Using Hybridized Catfish PSO
Authors: Raja G. , Reddy U. Srinivasulu
Published: April 2021

DNA fragment assembly aids in uncovering several aspects of the human DNA, and hence in-turn enables scientists in understanding and curing several hereditary problems. Several computational methods have been proposed to solve this problem. However, the huge size and the NP-hard nature of the problem poses several challenges in proposing a time effective system for fragment assembly. This paper proposes a hybridized catfish PSO model for the process of fragment assembly. PSO algorithm is enhanced by incorporating the catfish particles to enable the model to get out of the local optimal solutions. Further, the local search process has been hybridized to incorporate simulated annealing, such that the model performs faster selection of solutions. This has enabled the proposed model to provide effective results with low computational requirements. Experiments were performed with 10 benchmark instances from GenFrag. The results were compared with state-of-the-art models in literature, and it was identified that the proposed model exhibits high performance in comparatively shorter time.
TERMOELETTRICITÀ: DALL’ARCO DI ALESSANDRO VOLTA AI GENERATORI TERMOELETTRICI FERRO-LIQUIDI
Authors: Varlamov Andrey A. , Sharapov Sergei G. , Chikina Ioulia
Published: April 2021

We start this concise review from the exciting history of thermoelectricity in which such names as Luigi Galvani, Alessandro Volta, Thomas Seebeck, Walter Nernst, William Tompson, Georg Wilhelm Hegel and many others have been involved. We then move on to the main concepts in description of thermoelectric phenomena, discuss how to increase their magnitude and efficiency, formulate the requirements for modern thermoelectric materials and present thermoelectric applications that are already available.
Roundtable on Preseason Heat Safety in Secondary School Athletics: Heat Acclimatization
Authors: Adams William M. , Hosokawa Yuri , Casa Douglas J. , Périard Julien D. , Racinais Sebastien , Wingo Jonathan E. , Yeargin Susan W. , Scarneo-Miller Samantha E. , Kerr Zachary Y. , Belval Luke N. , Alosa Denise , Csillan David , LaBella Cynthia , Walker Lisa
Published: April 2021

Objective

To provide best-practice recommendations for developing and implementing heat-acclimatization strategies in secondary school athletics.

Data Sources

An extensive literature review on topics related to heat acclimatization and heat acclimation was conducted by a group of content experts. Using the Delphi method, action-oriented recommendations were developed.

Conclusions

A period of heat acclimatization consisting of ≥14 consecutive days should be implemented at the start of fall preseason training or practices for all secondary school athletes to mitigate the risk of exertional heat illness. The heat-acclimatization guidelines should outline specific actions for secondary school athletics personnel to use, including the duration of training, the number of training sessions permitted per day, and adequate rest periods in a cool environment. Further, these guidelines should include sport-specific and athlete-specific recommendations, such as phasing in protective equipment and reintroducing heat acclimatization after periods of inactivity. Heat-acclimatization guidelines should be clearly detailed in the secondary school's policy and procedures manual and disseminated to all stakeholders. Heat-acclimatization guidelines, when used in conjunction with current best practices surrounding the prevention, management, and care of secondary school student-athletes with exertional heat stroke, will optimize their health and safety.
Alteration of Mitochondrial Function in Oxidative Stress in Parkinsonian Neurodegeneration
Authors: Qadri Rizwana , Goyal Vinay , Behari Madhuri , Subramanian Arulselvi , Datta Sudip Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Asok Kumar
Published: April 2021

Context:

Appropriate mitochondrial function and oxidative balance are critical to neuronal survival. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress that can cause free radical damage to biomolecules of the cell components and the molecules in the cellular milieu that eventually lead to a variety of chronic diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. Mitochondrial dysfunction initiates neuronal apoptosis thereby leading to neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD).

Aim:

To evaluate oxidative stress vis-a-vis mitochondrial function (Cytochrome C oxidase activity) in PD patients, Parkinson plus syndrome (PPS) patients in comparison with healthy controls (HCs).

Settings and Design:

Cross-sectional Study

Methods:

We assessed oxidative stress by chemiluminescence using luminol, and cytochrome c oxidase activity (CCO) by CCO kit using spectrophotometry in PD patients (n = 80), PPS patients (n = 40), and HCs (n = 40).

Statistical Analysis:

Data were presented as number (%) or mean ± SD/median as approximate. Quantitative baseline variables were compared among the groups using one-way ANOVA and qualitative variables were compared using Chi-square test. The difference in median was compared using Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Post-hoc Bonferronni correction.

Results:

Compared to HCs (Median 7.53 ± 15.58 RLU/sec/cell), ROS level in PD (14.13 ± 29.5), and PPS (17.43 ± 15.91) patients was significantly higher (P = 0.0029: HC vs, PD & P = 0.0500: HC vs. PPS). Also, ROS in PD patients (14.13 ± 29.5) was higher that PPS patients (17. 43 ± 15.91) but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.84). The CCO activity was found to be diminished in PD (Median: 0.025 ± 0.013 units/ml) and PPS patients (0.027 ± 0.008) in comparison to HCs (0.117 ± 0.049).

Conclusion:

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress is associated with PD and PPS and may play an important role in etiopathogenesis. Though the cause–effect conundrum has not been comprehensively probed but addressing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage may serve as an adjunctive therapy for PD and PPS. Iron metabolism as reflected in the red cell indices may aid in differentiating PD from PPS.
Headache in Daily Practice
Authors: Mailankody Pooja , Taallapalli Ashok Vardhan Reddy , Kulkarni Girish Baburao
Published: April 2021

Headache is a common presenting complaint encountered in the outpatient as well as inpatient settings. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the commonly encountered primary headaches, timely evaluation for secondary causes, and patient education are the management's cornerstones. Our review aims to summarize the key diagnostic features and treatment of primary headaches and discuss the red flags that aid in the diagnosis of secondary headaches. For this, we searched the PubMed database using the keywords “Primary headache,” “Primary headache AND Diagnosis,” “Primary headache AND Treatment,” “Red flags AND Headache,” “Secondary Headaches.” Those articles written in English and were available in full text were reviewed. In this review, in addition to the clinical and management aspects, we have also elucidated the diagnosis and management of headache in special situations such as pregnancy and menstruation, headache in the emergency room, status migrainosus, and newer developments in the therapeutic armamentarium of headache. We have also tried to simplify the approach to headaches seen in routine outpatient clinics and emergency settings and develop a structured approach for diagnosis and management.
A Study of Serum Amylase as a Probable Prognostic Marker in Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning
Authors: Raveendra K. R. , Mohan C. N.
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives:

Organophosphate compounds are frequently used for homicidal and suicidal purposes, organophosphates account for as many as 80% of pesticide-related hospital admissions. This study was done to estimate serum amylase and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) in acute organophosphorus (OP) poisoning, to correlate serum amylase with plasma ChE levels and to study serum amylase levels as a probable prognostic marker in acute OP poisoning.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted at the hospitals attached to Bangalore Medical College and Research Institution, Bangalore, from November 2017 to May 2019, 110 cases of OP poisoning were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were grouped accordingly based on ChE levels into mild, moderate, and severe. Serum amylase levels were estimated on admission, at 48 h, and at outcome either recovery or clinical deterioration. Serum amylase was used as a marker to assess severity in acute OP-poisoning cases, to predict ventilator requirement and mortality, and also for prognostication.

Results:

In our study, a total of 110 acute OP-poisoning cases were included. The mean serum amylase levels at admission, 48 h, and the outcome were 54.81, 54.44, and 53.35 among the nonintubated group, respectively, and 152.23, 152.67, and 141.13 among the intubated group, respectively, with a significant P value (0.000*). This shows that patients who were intubated had elevated mean serum amylase levels (>90 U/l) in comparison to patients who were not intubated. Sixty-three patients had normal amylase levels on day 1 (≤90 U/l) (normal value of serum amylase as per the laboratory was 28–90 U/l) and 47 patients had raised amylase levels on day 1 (>90 U/l). Among 47 patients with raised amylase level, 18 patients died and there were no deaths in the normal amylase level group with P = 0.00* which is statistically significant. Raised serum amylase correlated well in predicting ventilator requirement and mortality in patients with OP poisoning.

Conclusion:

Serum amylase can be used as a reliable biochemical marker as it is easily available, relatively cheap, and it also predicts the requirement for intubation and mortality in acute OP-poisoning cases. Increased amylase levels on admission imply poorer outcome and increased risk of mortality, and thereby, it can be used as an alternative marker to predict clinical outcome and for prognostication.
Management of Pediatric Cervicomedullary Astrocytoma
Authors: Pemmaraju Gopal , Parab Anand , Singh Anuradha , Barsing Shubhangi
Published: April 2021

Cervicomedullary astrocytomas are low grade gliomas of childhood and young age which are typically centered at the junction of brainstem and cervical spine and present with a long duration of symptoms. The diagnosis of cervicomedullary astrocytomas is normally delayed as these tumours are slow growing and patients present with a long duration of symptoms. The symptoms are typical and can be correlated to the location of the tumour. Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry(IHC) guides us proving the diagnosis. Management of cervicomedullary astrocytomas includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A 13 years old female child presented with complaints of headache, vomiting, neck pain and progressive neck tilt. MRI of brain and cervical spine revealed moderate to significant expansile lesion in the dorsal aspect of lower medulla, cervicomedullary junction and the upper cervical cord upto C4-5 disc level. She underwent subtotal resection of the tumour. Histopathology and IHC confirmed her diagnosis as Astrocytoma WHO Grade-II. Patient underwent adjuvant radiation treatment to a radiation dose of 54 Grey in 27 fractions by Volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) technique over a period of 6 weeks to the gross residual tumour and post-op tumour bed. Patient tolerated the treatment well. Patient experienced mild symptoms like nausea and vomiting during the course of treatment but well managed with supportive medications.