bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunnel spectroscopy of localised electronic states in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Greenaway M. T. , Vdovin E. E. , Ghazaryan D. , Misra A. , Mishchenko A. , Cao Y. , Wang Z. , Wallbank J. R. , Holwill M. , Khanin Yu.N. , Morozov S. V. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Makarovsky O. , Fromhold T. M. , Patanè A. , Geim A. K. , Fal’ko V. I. , Novoselov K. S. , Eaves L.
Published: December 2018

Hexagonal boron nitride is a large band gap layered crystal, frequently incorporated in van der Waals heterostructures as an insulating or tunnel barrier. Localised states with energies within its band gap can emit visible light, relevant to applications in nanophotonics and quantum information processing. However, they also give rise to conducting channels, which can induce electrical breakdown when a large voltage is applied. Here we use gated tunnel transistors to study resonant electron tunnelling through the localised states in few atomic-layer boron nitride barriers sandwiched between two monolayer graphene electrodes. The measurements are used to determine the energy, linewidth, tunnelling transmission probability, and depth within the barrier of more than 50 distinct localised states. A three-step process of electron percolation through two spatially separated localised states is also investigated.
Improving NanoCluster Beacon performance by blocking the unlabeled NC probes
Authors: Chen Yu-An , Vu Huong T. , Liu Yen-Liang , Chen Yuan-I , Nguyen Trung Duc , Kuo Yu-An , Hong Soonwoo , Chen Yin-An , Carnahan Savannah , Petty Jeffrey T. , Yeh Hsin-Chih
Published: December 2018

Adding a blocker strand significantly enhances the NanoCluster Beacon's detection signal.
Accelerating water exchange in GdIII–DO3A-derivatives by favouring the dissociative mechanism through hydrogen bonding
Authors: Leone Loredana , Esteban-Gómez David , Platas-Iglesias Carlos , Milanesio Marco , Tei Lorenzo
Published: December 2018

The water exchange rate in GdIII-complexes increases by one order of magnitude due to H-bonding between the phenol(ate) group and the water molecules involved in the dissociative exchange mechanism.
Highly efficient hydrogen evolution of platinum via tuning the interfacial dissolved-gas concentration
Authors: Zhao Xu , Ranaweera Ruchiranga , Luo Long
Published: December 2018

We present a facile perfluorooctanesulfonate-modulation strategy with a precisely controlled dissolved-gas concentration at the electrode/gas/electrolyte interface for enhanced HER.
Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed aromatic C–H cyanation with dimethylmalononitrile as a cyanating agent
Authors: Li He , Zhang Sheng , Yu Xiaoqiang , Feng Xiujuan , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Bao Ming
Published: December 2018

Safe, bench-stable, and commercially available DMMN was used as a cyanating reagent in Rh(iii)-catalyzed aromatic C–H bond direct cyanation in the presence of copper oxide as a promotor.
Ratiometric DNA sensing with a host–guest FRET pair
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Assaf Khaleel I. , Huang Chusen , Hennig Andreas , Nau Werner M.
Published: December 2018

A host–guest FRET pair based on a carboxyfluorescein-labelled cucurbit[7]uril and DAPI was developed to sense DNA ratiometrically.
Sequence isomeric giant surfactants with distinct self-assembly behaviors in solution
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shan Wenpeng , Zhang Shuailin , Liu Yuchu , Su Hao , Luo Jiancheng , Xia Yanfeng , Li Tao , Wesdemiotis Chrys , Liu Tianbo , Cui Honggang , Li Yiwen , Cheng Stephen Z. D.
Published: December 2018

Two sequence isomeric giant surfactants exhibit distinguished self-assembly behaviors, which is caused by the different molecular packing conformations induced by their distinct molecular sequences.
Visible-light mediated C–C bond cleavage of 1,2-diols to carbonyls by cerium-photocatalysis
Authors: Schwarz Johanna , König Burkhard
Published: December 2018

We describe a photocatalytic method for the cleavage of vicinal diols to aldehydes and ketones.
Inorganic sulfites as the sulfur dioxide surrogates in sulfonylation reactions
Authors: Ye Shengqing , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Wu Jie
Published: December 2018

Recent advances in the sulfonylation reactions by using inorganic sulfites as the source of sulfonyl group are reported. The approaches employing inorganic sulfites as the sulfur dioxide surrogates are attractive and promising for the synthesis of sulfonyl compounds since inorganic sulfites are abundant, easily available and cheap.
LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 microcubes: cathode materials with improved discharge/charge performances for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Fu Yanli , Wu Liqiong , Xu Shengang , Cao Shaokui , Li Xinheng
Published: December 2018

LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 microcubes grown from nanowires delivered an initial discharge capacity of 123 mAh g−1 at 1C and maintained 95% of the capacity after 50 cycles due to interfacial effect.
Magnetic structure of UO2and NpO2by first-principle methods
Authors: Pegg James T. , Shields Ashley E. , Storr Mark T. , Wills Andrew S. , Scanlon David O. , de Leeuw Nora H.
Published: December 2018

The magnetic structure of the actinide dioxides (AnO2) remains a field of intense research. A noncollinear relativistic computational study of the AnO2(An = U, Np) magnetic structure has been completed.
Optical absorption in complexes of abasic DNA with noble-metal nanoclusters by first principles calculations
Authors: de Carvalho L. C. , Silveira O. J. , Longuinhos R. , Nunes R. W. , Alexandre S. S.
Published: December 2018

Abasic sites (AP site) in a DNA duplex have been experimentally used to produce fluorescent Ag nanoclusters (NC) with a small number of atoms (n ≤ 6).
Site-specific 2D IR spectroscopy: a general approach for the characterization of protein dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution
Authors: Ramos Sashary , Horness Rachel E. , Collins Jessica A. , Haak David , Thielges Megan C.
Published: December 2018

The conformational heterogeneity and dynamics of protein side chains contribute to function, but investigating exactly how is hindered by experimental challenges arising from the fast timescales involved and the spatial heterogeneity of protein structures.
Unravelling the solvent polarity effect on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer mechanism of the 1- and 2-salicylideneanthrylamine. A TD-DFT case study
Authors: Muriel Wilver A. , Morales-Cueto Rodrigo , Rodríguez-Córdoba William
Published: December 2018

TD-DFT has been used to investigate the relaxation pathways of 1- and 2-salicylideneanthrylamine in different solvent environments.
Solvent reorganization triggers photo-induced solvated electron generation in phenol
Authors: Sandler Isolde , Nogueira Juan J. , González Leticia
Published: December 2018

Charge-transfer states with large electron–hole separation, correlating to the formation of solvated electrons, are found below the maximum of the absorbing ππ* band of solvated phenol.
Versatile fabrication of patchy nanoparticlesviapatterning of grafted diblock copolymers on NP surface
Authors: Yu Linxiuzi , Shi Rui , Qian Hu-Jun , Lu Zhong-Yuan
Published: December 2018

Patchy nanoparticle formationviathe patterning of grafted diblock copolymers on NP surface.
Proactively modulating mechanical behaviors of materials at multiscale for mechano-adaptable devices
Authors: Chen Geng , Cui Yajing , Chen Xiaodong
Published: December 2018

Through molecular and structural design, proactively modulated mechano-adaptable devices are shedding light on the next generation of intelligent flexible devices.
Mechanical insights into the oxidative cleavage of resveratrol catalyzed by dioxygenase NOV1 from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans: confirmation of dioxygenase mechanism by QM/MM calculations
Authors: Bai Jie , Hou Qianqian , Zhu Wenyou , Liu Yongjun
Published: December 2018

QM/MM calculations confirm that the oxidative cleavage of resveratrol catalyzed by dioxygenase NOV1 follows the dioxygenase mechanism.
Modification strategies for enhancing the visible light responsive photocatalytic activity of the BiPO4nano-based composite photocatalysts
Authors: Darkwah Williams Kweku , Adormaa Buanya Beryl , Christelle Sandrine Masso Kody , Ao Yanhui
Published: December 2018

The present issues related to environmental purification have led to a great need for the development of a superior oxidation process to solve the life-threatening problem. The use of the BiPO4nanomaterial in photocatalysis is one of the best methods for the treatment of wastewater due to its less harmful nature.
A rationally designed vapoluminescent compound with adsorptive channels and responsive luminophores for volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
Authors: Yang Mingxue , Li Xiao-Ning , Jia Ji-Hui , Chen Xu-Lin , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: December 2018

We designed a sensor compound which for the first time combines the solvent effect of ICT organic molecules with large channels adsorbing VOCs.
The role of hydrogen and fuel cells in the global energy system
Authors: Staffell Iain , Scamman Daniel , Velazquez Abad Anthony , Balcombe Paul , Dodds Paul E. , Ekins Paul , Shah Nilay , Ward Kate R.
Published: December 2018

Hydrogen has been ‘just around the corner’ for decades, but now offers serious alternatives for decarbonising global heat, power and transport.
Microphysics of the aqueous bulk counters the water activity driven rate acceleration of bromide oxidation by ozone from 289–245 K
Authors: Edebeli Jacinta , Ammann Markus , Bartels-Rausch Thorsten
Published: December 2018

Microphysics of the aqueous bulk counters rate acceleration of bromide oxidation by ozone at low temperatures.
Photochemical interactions between n-Ag2S and n-TiO2 amplify their bacterial stress response
Authors: Wilke Carolyn M. , Petersen Claire , Alsina Marco A. , Gaillard Jean-François , Gray Kimberly A.
Published: December 2018

Under the oxidizing conditions produced by n-TiO2 and irradiation, n-Ag2S is unstable and provokes significant microbial stress.
A bifunctional strategy for N-heterocyclic carbene-stabilized iridium complex-catalyzed N-alkylation of amines with alcohols in aqueous media
Authors: Huang Ming , Li Yinwu , Liu Jiahao , Lan Xiao-Bing , Liu Yan , Zhao Cunyuan , Ke Zhuofeng
Published: December 2018

A bifunctional strategy for efficient Ir-catalyzed N-alkylation of amines and sulfonamides with alcohols under aqueous and base-free conditions.
Anaerobic conversion of the hydrothermal liquefaction aqueous phase: fate of organics and intensification with granule activated carbon/ozone pretreatment
Authors: Si Buchun , Yang Libin , Zhou Xuefei , Watson Jamison , Tommaso Giovana , Chen Wan-Ting , Liao Qiang , Duan Na , Liu Zhidan , Zhang Yuanhui
Published: December 2018

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is considered to be a promising route for biofuel production from wet biomass.
A direct and safe method for plutonium determination using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Dhara Sangita , Sanyal Kaushik , Paul Sumana , Misra N. L.
Published: December 2018

A direct, simple and safe micro-analytical method for the determination of plutonium (Pu) using Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry is reported for the first time.
Evaluation of novelN′-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazide derivatives as potential HIV-1 integrase inhibitors
Authors: Jesumoroti Omobolanle J. , Faridoon Faridoon , Mnkandhla Dumisani , Isaacs Michelle , Hoppe Heinrich C. , Klein Rosalyn
Published: December 2018

In an attempt to identify potential new agents that are active against HIV-1 IN, a series of novel coumarin-3-carbohydrazide derivatives were designed and synthesised.
A fluorescent method based on magnetic nanoparticles for detection of CGG trinucleotide repeat genes
Authors: Ren Ziqi , Zhu Xiaoqian , Lv Hehong , Liu Heng , He Hanping , Zhang Xiuhua , Wang Shengfu
Published: December 2018

A novel fluorescent sensor based on magnetic nanoparticles as the separator and short report DNA was designed and prepared for the detection of d(CGG)ntrinucleotide repeats. The method exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity, and excellent linear correlation from 100 pM to 150 nM, which is useful for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Detection of IL-8 in human serum using surface-enhanced Raman scattering coupled with highly-branched gold nanoparticles and gold nanocages
Authors: Wang Zhen-yu , Li Wei , Gong Zheng , Sun Pei-rong , Zhou Tong , Cao Xiao-wei
Published: December 2018

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) based on the double antibody sandwich format was used for the determination of IL-8.
TiO2 nanoparticles coated with deep eutectic solvents: characterization and effect on photodegradation of organic dyes
Authors: Kuhn Bruna L. , Paveglio Guilherme C. , Silvestri Siara , Muller Edson I. , Enders Michele S. P. , Martins Marcos A. P. , Zanatta Nilo , Bonacorso Hélio G. , Radke Cláudio , Frizzo Clarissa P.
Published: December 2018

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been used to modulate the catalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles.
Diverse chiral assemblies of nanoparticles directed by achiral block copolymers via nanochannel confinement
Authors: Zhang Qian , Gu Jiabin , Zhang Liangshun , Lin Jiaping
Published: December 2018

With the help of achiral block copolymers in a nanochannel, nanoparticles are directed to self-assemble into chiral assemblies with strong chiroptical responses.
Plasmonically-powered hot carrier induced modulation of light emission in a two-dimensional GaAs semiconductor quantum well
Authors: Ashalley Eric , Gryczynski Karol , Wang Zhiming , Salamo Gregory , Neogi Arup
Published: December 2018

Plasmonic and electrostatic interaction among the Au and Ga nanoparticles results in frequency modulation and longer lifetime of emitted light.
Tuning the deposition parameters for optimizing the faradaic and non-faradaic electrochemical performance of nanowire array-shaped ITO electrodes prepared by electron beam evaporation
Authors: Pruna Raquel , López Manel , Teixidor Francesc
Published: December 2018

The performance of transparent nanostructured indium tin oxide electrodes prepared by electron beam evaporation is optimized for biosensing purposes.
Morphology controlled synthesis of low bandgap SnSe2 with high photodetectivity
Authors: Rai Rajeev Kumar , Islam Saurav , Roy Ahin , Agrawal Garvesh , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Ghosh Arindam , N. Ravishankar
Published: December 2018

Morphology controlled 2D SnSe2–graphene hybrid for photodetection.
Er3+-to-Yb3+ and Pr3+-to-Yb3+ energy transfer for highly efficient near-infrared cryogenic optical temperature sensing
Authors: Kaczmarek Anna M. , Kaczmarek Mariusz K. , Van Deun Rik
Published: December 2018

Nanothermometers based on Er3+-to-Yb3+ and Pr3+-to-Yb3+ energy transfer show very high performance in the near-infrared region in the cryogenic temperature regime.
Recycling and self-healing of dynamic covalent polymer networks with a precisely tuneable crosslinking degree
Authors: An Qi , Wessely Isabelle D. , Matt Yannick , Hassan Zahid , Bräse Stefan , Tsotsalas Manuel
Published: December 2018

Dynamic covalent polymer networks combine intrinsic reversibility with the robustness of covalent bonds, creating chemically stable materials that are responsive to external stimuli.
Tryptophan-based styryl homopolymer and polyzwitterions with solvent-induced UCST, ion-induced LCST and pH-induced UCST
Authors: Jana Somdeb , Anas Mahammad , Maji Tanmoy , Banerjee Sanjib , Mandal Tarun K.
Published: December 2018

A multi-stimuli responsive tryptophan-based styryl homopolymer and polyzwitterions with solvent-induced UCST, ion-induced LCST and pH-induced UCST under different conditions are presented.
Effects of potassium permanganate conditioning on dewatering and rheological behavior of pulping activated sludge: mechanism and feasibility
Authors: Zhang Xin , Cai Hui , Shen Jun , Zhang Hui
Published: December 2018

The proposed mechanism of KMnO4 conditioning on pulping sludge dewatering.
Kinetic and mechanistic investigations of the degradation of propranolol in heat activated persulfate process
Authors: Gao Yu-qiong , Fang Jia-nan , Gao Nai-yun , Yi Xue-nong , Mao Wei , Zhang Jia
Published: December 2018

The degradation kinetics and mechanism of propranolol by heat activated persulfate oxidation were investigated.
Retracted Article: Iso-pencillixanthone A from a marine-derived fungus reverses multidrug resistance in cervical cancer cells through down-regulating P-gp and re-activating apoptosis
Authors: Chen Li , Li Xinxin , Cheng Miaomiao , Wang Siyuan , Zheng Qiuhong , Liu Qinying
Published: December 2018

Our study reveals the anti-tumor and anti-MDR effect and mechanism of iso-PXA for the first time.
Retraction: A highest stable cluster Au58 (C1) re-optimized via a density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) approach
Authors: Shore Andrew
Published: December 2018

Retraction of ‘A highest stable cluster Au58 (C1) re-optimized via a density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) approach’ by K. Vishwanathan et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 11357–11366.
Fluorogenic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors based on sulfenyl thiocarbonates enable H2S tracking and quantification
Authors: Zhao Yu , Cerda Matthew M. , Pluth Michael D.
Published: December 2018

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important cellular signaling molecule that exhibits promising protective effects.
Emergent topological phenomena in active polymeric fluids
Authors: Manna Raj Kumar , Kumar P. B. Sunil
Published: December 2018

The hydrodynamics of active polymers in confinement leads to various topological phenomena such as entanglements, isotropic to nematic transition, and athermal production of motile defects.
Spontaneously hierarchical self-assembly of nanofibres into fluorescent spherical particles: a leap from organogels to macroscopic solid spheres
Authors: Shan Yahan , Li Shiwen , Wang Rui , Zhu Si Yi , Wu Fei , Fu Yang , Zhu Linna
Published: December 2018

A first report on the spontaneous self-assembly of organogels into macroscopic particles with unique morphology and photophysical properties.
Kinetics of CO2 electrolysis on composite electrodes consisting of Cu and samaria-doped ceria
Authors: Su Taolong , Li Yihang , Xue Shuangshuang , Xu Zheqiang , Zheng Minghao , Xia Changrong
Published: December 2018

Oxygen vacancies at interfaces play a vital role in CO2 electrolysis which is demonstrated by AC impedance and current–voltage analysis.
Ultrathin nickel boride nanosheets anchored on functionalized carbon nanotubes as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting
Authors: Chen Xuncai , Yu Zixun , Wei Li , Zhou Zheng , Zhai Shengli , Chen Junsheng , Wang Yanqing , Huang Qianwei , Karahan H. Enis , Liao Xiaozhou , Chen Yuan
Published: December 2018

Carbon nanotubes increase electrochemically active surface area and reduce charge transfer resistance of transition metal borides.
A novel P3-type Na2/3Mg1/3Mn2/3O2 as high capacity sodium-ion cathode using reversible oxygen redox
Authors: Song Bohang , Hu Enyuan , Liu Jue , Zhang Yiman , Yang Xiao-Qing , Nanda Jagjit , Huq Ashfia , Page Katharine
Published: December 2018

A novel P3-type Na2/3Mg1/3Mn2/3O2 cathode delivers a reversible capacity over 200 mA h g−1 mainly using lattice oxygen redox.
Duplex printing of all-in-one integrated electronic devices for temperature monitoring
Authors: Zhao Jingxin , Zhang Yan , Huang Yinan , Zhao Xiaoxin , Shi Yunhui , Qu Jingyi , Yang Chengfeng , Xie Jixun , Wang Juanjuan , Li Lele , Yan Qinghai , Hou Shihui , Lu Conghua , Xu Xinhua , Yao Yagang
Published: December 2018

A self-energy monitoring system was developed that exhibited excellent electrochemical performance and rapid temperature response.
Development of a red-light emission hypoxia-sensitive two-photon fluorescent probe for in vivo nitroreductase imaging
Authors: Gebremedhin Kalayou Hiluf , Li Yaming , Yao Qichao , Xiao Ming , Gao Fengli , Fan Jiangli , Du Jianjun , Long Saran , Peng Xiaojun
Published: December 2018

A red-light emission nitroreductase-activatable two-photon fluorescent probe, namely NRP, was developed for monitoring of degree of hypoxia in cells and in vivo nitroreductase imaging.
Polydopamine-coated magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles for multimodal cancer theranostics
Authors: Shi Menghan , Zhang Jiulong , Li Jingchao , Fan Yu , Wang Jianhong , Sun Wenjie , Yang Hong , Peng Chen , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang
Published: December 2018

Polydopamine-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with ultrasmall Fe3O4nanoparticles can be prepared for multimodal imaging and combination therapy of tumors.
Small addition of Zn2+ in Ca2+@DNA results in elevated gene transfection by aminated PGMA-modified silicon nanowire arrays
Authors: Huang Xuejin , Li Zhenhua , Wu Jingxian , Hang Yingjie , Wang Hongwei , Yuan Lin , Chen Hong
Published: December 2018

The addition of a small amount of Zn2+ in Ca2+@DNA nanoparticles can greatly promote the gene transfection of cells on aminated PGMA-modified silicon nanowire arrays.
Self-powered behavior based on the light-induced self-poling effect in perovskite-based transport layer-free photodetectors
Authors: Pang Tiqiang , Jia Renxu , Wang Yucheng , Sun Kai , Hu Ziyang , Zhu Yuejin , Luan Suzhen , Zhang Yuming
Published: December 2018

A transport layer-free CH3NH3PbI3 photodetector utilizing light-induced self-poling effect leads to a self-powered photodetector with large switch ratio and low dark current.
Giant negative electrocaloric effect in antiferroelectric PbZrO3 thin films in an ultra-low temperature range
Authors: Guo Mengyao , Wu Ming , Gao Weiwei , Sun Buwei , Lou Xiaojie
Published: December 2018

Antiferroelectric thin films have demonstrated an excellent negative electrocaloric effect, and are potential candidates for future refrigeration applications.
The Development of a Self-Efficacy Measurement Tool For Counseling in Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Victorino Kristen R. , Hinkle Michelle S.
Published: December 2018

Purpose

This study aimed to develop and administer an adapted survey tool to measure counseling skills in graduate students and early-career speech-language pathologists, focusing on the concept of counselor self-efficacy.

Method

An online survey, adapted from the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales (
Lent, Hill, & Hoffman, 2003
), was administered. Two hundred ninety-four surveys were completed. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted, along with measures of reliability and validity, in order to determine the psychometric properties of the tool.

Results

Factor analysis supported a 5-factor solution, with subscales reflecting Emotional Support Skills, Session Management Skills, and Helping Skills in 3 domains: Exploration, Insight, and Action. Strong internal consistency was found for each subscale and for the total scale scores. Significant intercorrelations between subscale scores were expected and confirmed. Construct validity was examined with reference to American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and Council for Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology practice guidelines and clinical competencies. Preliminary comparative data were analyzed to demonstrate utility of the tool in measuring effects of experience on self-efficacy ratings.

Conclusion

The adapted Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales for speech-language pathologists is psychometrically sound; factor analysis, reliability, and validity were in line with reported values for the original survey tool. Potential uses for the survey tool within the field of speech-language pathology are discussed, along with implications for graduate education and clinical supervision related to counseling skills.
The ALMA-PILS survey: the first detection of doubly deuterated methyl formate (CHD2OCHO) in the ISM
Authors: Manigand S. , Calcutt H. , Jørgensen J. K. , Taquet V. , Müller H. S. P. , Coutens A. , Wampfler S. F. , Ligterink N. F. W. , Drozdovskaya M. N. , Kristensen L. E. , van der Wiel M. H. D. , Bourke T. L.
Published: December 2018

Studies of deuterated isotopologues of complex organic molecules can provide important constraints on their origin in star formation regions. In particular, the abundances of deuterated species are very sensitive to the physical conditions in the environment where they form. Because the temperatures in star formation regions are low, these isotopologues are enhanced to significant levels, which enables the detection of multiply deuterated species. However, for complex organic species, so far only the multiply deuterated variants of methanol and methyl cyanide have been reported. The aim of this paper is to initiate the characterisation of multiply deuterated variants of complex organic species with the first detection of doubly deuterated methyl formate, CHD2OCHO. We use ALMA observations from the Protostellar Interferometric Line Survey (PILS) of the protostellar binary IRAS 16293–2422 in the spectral range of 329.1 GHz to 362.9 GHz. Spectra towards each of the two protostars are extracted and analysed using a local thermal equilibrium model in order to derive the abundances of methyl formate and its deuterated variants. We report the first detection of doubly deuterated methyl formate CHD2OCHO in the ISM. The D-to-H ratio (D/H ratio) of CHD2OCHO is found to be 2–3 times higher than the D/H ratio of CH2DOCHO for both sources, similar to the results for formaldehyde from the same dataset. The observations are compared to a gas-grain chemical network coupled to a dynamical physical model, tracing the evolution of a molecular cloud until the end of the Class 0 protostellar stage. The overall D/H ratio enhancements found in the observations are of about the same magnitude as the predictions from the model for the early stages of Class 0 protostars. However, that the D/H ratio of CHD2OCHO is higher than that of CH2DOCHO is still not predicted by the model. This suggests that a mechanism enhances the D/H ratio of singly and doubly deuterated methyl formate that is not in the model, for instance, mechanisms for H–D substitutions. This new detection provides an important constraint on the formation routes of methyl formate and outlines a path forward in terms of using these ratios to determine the formation of organic molecules through observations of differently deuterated isotopologues towards embedded protostars.
Semiconservative reduced speed of sound technique for low Mach number flows with large density variations
Authors: Iijima H. , Hotta H. , Imada S.
Published: December 2018

Context. The reduced speed of sound technique (RSST) has been used for efficient simulation of low Mach number flows in solar and stellar convection zones. The basic RSST equations are hyperbolic and are suitable for parallel computation by domain decomposition. The application of RSST is limited to cases in which density perturbations are much smaller than the background density. In addition, nonconservative variables are required to be evolved using this method, which is not suitable in cases where discontinuities such as shock waves coexist in a single numerical domain.

Aims. In this study, we suggest a new semiconservative formulation of the RSST that can be applied to low Mach number flows with large density variations.

Methods. We derive the wave speed of the original and newly suggested methods to clarify that these methods can reduce the speed of sound without affecting the entropy wave. The equations are implemented using the finite volume method. Several numerical tests are carried out to verify the suggested methods.

Results. The analysis and numerical results show that the original RSST is not applicable when mass density variations are large. In contrast, the newly suggested methods are found to be efficient in such cases. We also suggest variants of the RSST that conserve momentum in the machine precision. The newly suggested variants are formulated as semiconservative equations, which reduce to the conservative form of the Euler equations when the speed of sound is not reduced. This property is advantageous when both high and low Mach number regions are included in the numerical domain.

Conclusions. The newly suggested forms of RSST can be applied to a wider range of low Mach number flows.
Screenings in modified gravity: a perturbative approach
Authors: Aviles Alejandro , Cervantes-Cota Jorge L. , Mota David F.
Published: December 2018

We present a formalism to study screening mechanisms in modified theories of gravity through perturbative methods in different cosmological scenarios. We consider Einstein-frame posed theories that are recast as Jordan-frame theories, where a known formalism is employed, although the resulting nonlinearities of the Klein–Gordon equation acquire an explicit coupling between matter and the scalar field, which is absent in Jordan-frame theories. The obtained growth functions are then separated into screening and non-screened contributions to facilitate their analysis. This allows us to compare several theoretical models and to recognize patterns that can be used to distinguish models and their screening mechanisms. In particular, we find anti-screening features in the symmetron model. In contrast, chameleon-type theories in both the Jordan and Einstein frames always present a screening behaviour. Up to third order in perturbation, we find no anti-screening behaviour in theories with a Vainshtein mechanism, such as the Dvali Gabadadze Porrati braneworld model and the cubic Galileon.
Assessment of extinguishing efficiency of hybrid system using water mist and inert gas during class A fires
Authors: Gałaj Jerzy , Drzymała Tomasz
Published: December 2018

Fixed hybrid fire extinguishing system, a new technology used in fire protection all over the world in the last years, was discussed. A four-head twin pipe system supplied with water mist and inert gas (air or nitrogen) was applied. A pile of 50 pine wood boards was used as a combustible material (class A fire). It was located in the corner of the compartment while the nozzles were mounted symmetrically in the centre (volume suppression). The extinguishing processes differing in the proportion of water mist to gas were analysed. The extinguishing time was taken as the most important parameter indicating the extinguishing efficiency. The impact of water flow on extinguishing process was discussed. The clear dependence of extinguishing time on the water/gas ratio was proven. The best performance of the hybrid system at water flow 3 dm3/min and nitrogen as inert gas was observed. The results obtained during experiments can be useful in developing new international standards e.g. NFPA.
Checking the compatibility of embedded concrete for the production of prefabricated freight scales with the parameters declared by the supplier
Authors: Powęzka Aleksandra , Banaś Mateusz , Ogrodnik Paweł
Published: December 2018

The ready-mixed concrete is subject to certification in accordance with the compliance system 2+. Manufacturers of concrete are required to implement factory production control and then to certify concrete, which is subject to the national mark B. The paper presents the results of strength tests of C 40/50 concrete samples. Designed according to the 23M SCC recipe, concrete has been used in the production of freight scales. The samples were subjected to "in situ" tests. As a method of quality control, a non-destructive test method for concrete strength has been proposed. A sclerometer (Schmidt type N hammer) was used for the tests. The research used a dynamic method of measurement by evaluating the change in the energy of the beater after rebounding from a given surface. Normal cubes with dimensions 15x15x15 cm were used for the tests. Concrete testing was carried out after the 28th day of care in accordance with the requirements of PN-EN 2390-2:2001. Based on the analysis, conclusions from the tests were formulated. The compression strength class was determined and the conformity of the hardened concrete with the parameters declared by the manufacturer was controlled. The evaluation was carried out using methods B and C for continuous production. CUSUM cumulative sum control cards and Shewhart control cards were used.
Classification of a burnt area based on spectral images
Authors: Szajewska Anna
Published: December 2018

The use of remote sensing techniques allows obtaining information about processes that occur on the surface of the Earth. In the aspects of fire protection and forest protection, it is important to know a burnt area which was created as a result of a fire of the soil cover or a total fire. The knowledge of this area is necessary to assess losses. Remote sensing techniques allow obtaining images in various spectral ranges. Remote sensing satellites offer multi-band data. Mathematical operations that operate on values coming from different spectral ranges allow determining various remote sensing indicators. The manuscript presents the possibility of using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) to classify the burnt area. The NDVI is relatively easy to obtain because it operates in the spectral ranges from 630 up to 915 nm, and is obtainable with one detector only. Thus, it can be obtained without any major problems using unmanned aerial vehicles, regardless of time and cloudiness, as is the case when acquiring satellite images. The manuscript describes experimental research and presents the results.
Conceptual model of portfolio management project for territories protection against flooding
Authors: Starodub Yuriy , Havrys Andrii
Published: December 2018

The actualization of portfolio management research is compounded by the intensive increase in the number of Emergency Service problems. The solution of this problem requires the application of a scientific approach to the adaptation of companies to rapid environmental changes [1]. In order to solve the problems of the service management, which at present exist in the State Emergency Service of Ukraine [2], the only solution is the introduction of a portfolio management into all organizational and managerial structures. According to the proposed model, the main goal of the global project is to form a portfolio of protection projects against flooding to ensure the safety of territories and the vital functions of the population on them. The model has the implementation of the phase updating territories protection projects from flooding based on the assessment of the overall indicator "level of danger of territories", which is intended to determine the priority for the implementation the portfolio of the territory’s security. This method involves the selection of safety criteria and expert’s assessments of the territory according to selected criteria. It is influenced by the strategy of the SESU for the regional strategy of development the administrative territories.
Effects of interfering gases in electrochemical sensors NH3 and NO2
Authors: Majder-Łopatka Małgorzata
Published: December 2018

Electrochemical sensors used for toxic gas measurement. In this paper construction EC sensor and principle of operation has been described. The results of research on the influence of interfering gases on the readings of detectors containing ammonia and nitric oxide (IV) electrochemical sensors are presented. Span gases were used in the tests: 100 ppm CO, 25 ppm H2S, 25 ppm NH3, 10 ppm NO, 25 ppm NO2, 10 ppm Cl2, 10 ppm HCN, 10 ppm HCl, 2% vol. H2, 2.5% by volume CH4, 0.35% by volume of C5H12. The conducted research indicates that the presence of chlorine, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide and saturated hydrocarbons in the atmosphere does not affect the work of the ammonia electrochemical sensor. In the case of this sensor, there was a significant cross effect in relation to hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen. The administration of these substances indicated the presence of ammonia outside the measuring range (200 ppm). In the measurements using the NO2 sensor, in most cases negative interference was found. The test results indicate that the measurements made with electrochemical sensors may be subject to error in the presence of interfering gases. The results obtained may be both understated and overstated.
Environmental hazard of Novoyavorivsk municipal landfill
Authors: Popovych Vasyl , Stepova Kateryna , Prydatko Oleksandr
Published: December 2018

Novoyavorivsk is located near large sulfur deposits in a transborder with Poland. The existing sanitation system in Novoyavorivsk is imperfect. Municipal wastes are stored in cloughs, ravines, river valleys. This causes an environmental hazard, as polluted wastewater is discharged to the water bodies. The aim of the work is environmental hazard assessment of Novoyavorivsk landfill. The tasks of the research are as follows: determination of chlorides and sulfates content in the landfill edaphotopes; measurement of power of equivalent dose of photon radiation. Determination of chlorides and sulfates was carried out by quantitative and qualitative methods. The equivalent dose of photon radiation was measured by dosimeter by SOEKS USA, LLC. In different sites of the landfill chlorides and sulfates content differs. The most polluted areas are at the distance of 10 m and 50 m from the foot. At a distance of 100 m from the landfill, the concentration of chlorides reduces to 0.001% (5 cm) and 0.1% (10 cm and 20 cm). High sulfate content is observed at 10 m from the foot of the landfill (1% in the 10 cm and 20 cm horizons). The power of the equivalent dose at a height of 10 m from the south side exceeds the pollution standard of 0.3 μSv/h and equals 0.32 μSv/h.
Flammability parameters of sprayed and foam aerosols selected for studies
Authors: Kukfisz Bozena
Published: December 2018

The paper presents classification criteria for flammability parameters of sprayed and foamed aerosols [1-3]. Tests were carried out to determine such flammability criteria, as combustion heat of a substance, distance of sprayed aerosol from the ignition source at which ignition takes place, time equivalent necessary for ignition to take place and the density of deflagration for sprayed aerosols. For foamed aerosols the determined parameters comprised combustion heat parameters for a substance, the maximum flame height and the flame retention time. Based on the obtained flammability it may be unequivocally stated that aerosol products pose a serious fire hazard. Aerosols selected for testing pose a serious explosion hazard within a confined space. It seems that from among all the tested aerosols the most hazardous products in this respect comprise solvent and stain remover and DW 40. Within a space of 200 dm3 those products required 3 and 4 seconds of aerosol spraying respectively until the moment of initiating an explosion. Aerosol products in which use was made of propane-butane a carrier gas characterise by very similar flammability and explosivitiy parameters within a closed or confined space.
Identification of firefighting system configuration of rural settlements
Authors: Tryhuba Anatoliy , Ratushny Roman , Bashynsky Oleg , Shcherbachenko Olexandr
Published: December 2018

The method of identifying the objects of the firefighting system configuration of rural settlements of administrative territories has been improved. It involves the implementation of four steps on the identification of firefighting system configuration objects based on the use of geometric, statistical and regulatory approaches. The basic parameters of rural settlements of two characteristic territorial zones - the mountain formed on the basis of the fire part of the city of Turka and the flat, formed on the basis of the fire station of Mostyska town - are determined. The distribution of the area of the territories of two characteristic territorial zones and the number of inhabitants of their settlements, which are reflected by the theoretical law of Weibull, are established. The identification of road conditions between fire stations and border areas for the ten largest firefighting systems of rural settlements of Lviv region has been completed. It was established that the duration of fire and rescue firefighting movements on fire extinguishing is described by the theoretical law of Weibull distribution with the following characteristics: estimation of the mathematical expectation is 33.3 min and the estimation of the coefficient of variation is 0.54.
Inhalation exposure to particulate matter in a work environment of firefighters
Authors: Rakowska Joanna , Kuskowska Karolina , Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the results of research into the concentration of respirable and total particulate matter (PM) in a work environment of firefighters. Measurements were carried out from September 2017 to October 2017 during official capacity of firefighters, i.e. during firefighting, liquidation of other local hazards. The PM concentration was examined by the gravimetric method. For this purpose, two GilAir 3 aspirators and glass fibre filters were used. During the whole duty, the samplers were placed in the pockets of the uniform, while the measuring heads were harnessed to the collar of the uniform. The deposited mass of PM in the different regions of the respiratory tract was calculated using the Eulerian Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry model. Especially high PM concentrations were noted during firefighting, The PM deposits in the head, the trachea and bronchiolar and pulmonary alveolar regions were different depending on the action the firemen had to deal with.
Numerical simulation of dispersion of ammonia in industry space using the ANSYS
Authors: Salamonowicz Zdzisław
Published: December 2018

The article presents issues related to numerical simulations of the spread of dangerous substances in the air after emergency release from industrial installation. The work contains the results of numerical simulations of dispersion of ammonia and chlorine after emergency release made by using the ANSYS program, validated based on commonly used models: Gauss and heavy gas. Validation of experimental results based on research and empirical models allowed the selection of boundary parameters and the implementation of dispersion modelling in 3-d space taking into account technical infrastructure. Existing empirical models include terrain obstacles in the form of average roughness parameter, which is shown in general by the range of the danger zone without local topographic conditions. The numerical approach to modelling, in contrast to empirical models, allows to more accurately show the physicochemical phenomena occurring after release in 3-d space, both in the area around the chemical equipment and the buildings along the dangerous substance cloud.
Proportioning accuracy of foam concentrate testing in periodic control of foam fixed extinguishing systems
Authors: Sobolewski Mirosław , Król Bernard , Jakubiec Jakub , Gancarczyk Dominika
Published: December 2018

The proper concentration of foam concentrate in water solution is a key factor in the effectiveness of fire-fighting foams produced using all currently used foam systems. The standard method for measuring the concentration of foaming agent, used to control the operation of the foam systems, is conductivity method. In this study, the applicability of the refractive index of the solution and the conductivity method was tested. The research found that the conductivity method can be used to determine the actual concentrations of all types of foaming agents in the solutions made from tap water, or water of similar electrical conductivity, of approx. 0.5 ÷ 0.8 mS/cm. Conductivity meter must be equipped with temperature compensation system. Measurement uncertainty is estimated to be ± 0.1 vol. % under optimal conditions for this method. In the case of water with high electrical conductivity, also refractometric method gives good results. In the case of solutions made with tap water and foaming agents working concentrations of 3% and more acceptable uncertainty in the measurements provides portable digital refractometer without temperature stabilization. In other cases, obtaining sufficient accuracy requires sample temperature stabilization during the test.
Seasonal variation in health exposure to PM-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in selected sport facility
Authors: Kuskowska Karolina , Rogula-Kozłowska Wioletta
Published: December 2018

In this paper, for the one selected sport facility in Warsaw in heating and non-heating periods: 1) average concentration of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with respirable fraction of particulate matter (PM4); 2) health hazards from the PM4-bound PAHs; 3) PM4-bound PAHs origin are described. PM samples were collected for 10 days of June and 10 days of November simultaneously inside and outside of the sports hall and next were analysed in term of PAHs content. Obtained results allowed to calculate selected indicators of cumulative exposure to the PAH mixture and the specific diagnostic ratios for individuals compounds from the PAHs group which indicate origin of PAHs. It has been shown that the exposure of sports hall users to PM4-bound PAHs is significantly higher in heating than non-heating season. It also confirm that fossil fuels and biomass combustion in heating period in Warsaw have a strong influence on the level of health exposure to PAH mixture both outdoor and inside of the buildings.
Technogenic magnetic particles of topsoil from different sources of emission - A case study from upper silesian conurbation, Poland
Authors: Szuszkiewicz Maria Magdalena , Łukasik Adam , Magiera Tadeusz , Szuszkiewicz Marcin
Published: December 2018

Studies on the effects of dust deposition on soils in urban-industrial areas were conducted with application of magnetic (soil magnetometry, thermomagnetic analysis) and geochemical (elements content) methods. The study area covers three different forest sites on Upper Silesian Conurbation. The purpose of the research was an estimation of soil pollution and characteristic of air derived particles. Results show magnetite and maghemite as dominant magnetic components of analyzed soil samples. The highest volume magnetic susceptibility (κ) and no correlation with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) were stated close to metallurgical plant whilst the highest correlation coefficient between κ and PTEs was stated in samples from the urban area and in a vicinity of coking plant.
Tensile strength analysis of aramid fabric of firefighter’s clothing after accelerated aging and abrasion
Authors: Kamocka-Bronisz Renata
Published: December 2018

A firefighter’s clothing as a personal protection used during rescue actions needs to fulfil several requirements in order to provide the optimum safety level. Author made an attempt to evaluate durability of the selected aramid material used as an outer layer of firefighter’s clothing. Verification of material’s durability was performed based on the tensile strength studies of the raw sample of material, and material subjected to accelerated aging in the chamber with xenon lamp and by Martindale’s abrasion cycles. The tensile tests were carried out in accordance with PN-EN ISO 13934-1:2013-07 standard, which specifies procedure to determine the maximum force of textile fabrics using a strip method.The test results show a decrease in the tensile strength of a fabric exposed to UV radiation and after abrasion cycles. In case of material exposure to UV radiation for 100 and 200 hours, reduction of strength by 34 and 48% was observed, respectively. Analysing the results obtained during the tensile testing of the material, which was subjected to abrasion in cycles of 20,000 and 40,000, the strength level decreased by 52 and 80%, respectively.