bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronic Disease Stigma, Skepticism of the Health System, and Socio-economic Fragility: Qualitative Assessment of Factors Impacting Receptiveness to Group Medical Visits and Microfinance for Non-Communicable Disease Care in Rural Kenya
Authors: Dong Rae , Leung Claudia , Naert Mackenzie N. , Naanyu Violet , Kiptoo Peninah , Matelong Winnie , Matini Esther , Orango Vitalis , Bloomfield Gerald S. , Edelman David , Fuster Valentin , Manyara Simon , Menya Diana , Pastakia Sonak D. , Valente Tom , Kamano Jemima , Horowitz Carol R. , Vedanthan Rajesh
Published: July 2020

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality in the world, and innovative approaches to NCD care delivery are being actively developed and evaluated. Combining the group-based experience of microfinance and group medical visits is a novel approach to NCD care delivery that has demonstrated beneficial impact in previous pilot studies. However, the contextual factors, facilitators, and barriers impacting wide-scale implementation of these approaches within a low- and middle-income country setting are not well known.Methods: Two types of qualitative group discussion were conducted: 1) mabaraza (singular, baraza), a traditional East African community gathering used to discuss and exchange information in large group settings; and 2) focus group discussions (FGDs) among rural clinicians, community health workers, microfinance group members, and patients with NCDs. Trained research staff members led the discussions using structured question guides. Content analysis was performed with NVivo using deductive and inductive codes that were then grouped into themes.Results: We conducted 5 mabaraza and 16 FGDs. A total of 205 individuals (113 men and 92 women) participated in the mabaraza, while 162 individuals (57 men and 105 women) participated in the FGDs. Participants expressed interest in participating in microfinance and group medical visits, but cited several key challenges: 1) stigma of chronic disease, 2) earned skepticism of the health system, and 3) socio-economic fragility.Conclusions: Our qualitative study revealed and illuminated actionable factors that could impact the success of implementation of group medical visits and microfinance initiatives for NCD care. While several challenges were highlighted, participants also felt that planned interventions could address and mitigate the impact of these dynamic factors. We anticipate that our approach and analysis provides new insights and methodological techniques that will be relevant to other low-resource settings worldwide.Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02501746, registration date: July 17, 2015
Multi-locus sequence analyses reveal a clonal L. borgpetersenii genotype in a heterogeneous invasive Rattus spp. community across the City of Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Moseley Mark Hamish , Naidoo Kovashnee , Bastos Armanda , Retief Liezl , Frean John , Telfer Sandra , Rossouw Jennifer
Published: July 2020

Background Rattus spp. are frequently implicated as key reservoir hosts for leptospirosis, one of the most common, but neglected, bacterial zoonoses in the world. Although leptospirosis is predicted to be a significant public health threat in Africa, studies from the continent are limited. Methods Rattus spp. (n=171) were sampled (January-May 2016) across the City of Johannesburg, South Africa’s largest inland metropole. Rattus spp. genetic diversity was evaluated by full length (1140 bp) cyt b sequencing of 42 samples. For comparison, a further 12 R. norvegicus samples collected in Cape Town, South Africa’s largest coastal metropole, were also genotyped. Leptospira infections were identified and genotyped using real-time PCR and multi-locus (lfb1, secY, lipL41) DNA sequencing. Results Five R. norvegicus haplotypes were identified across Johannesburg, four of which have not previously been detected in South Africa, and one in Cape Town. Across Johannesburg we identified a Leptospira spp. infection prevalence of 44% (75/171) and noted significant differences in the prevalence between administrative regions within the metropole. Multi-locus sequence analyses identified a clonal genotype consistent with L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica (serovar Ceylonica).Discussion The prevalence of infection identified in this study is amongst the highest detected in Rattus spp. in similar contexts across Africa. Despite the complex invasion history suggested by the heterogeneity in R. norvegicus haplotypes identified in Johannesburg, a single L. borgpetersenii genotype was identified in all infected rodents. The lack of L. interrogans in a rodent community dominated by R. norvegicus is notable given the widely recognised host-pathogen association between these species and evidence for L. interrogans infection in R. norvegicus in Cape Town. It is likely that environmental conditions (cold, dry winters) in Johannesburg may limit the transmission of L. interrogans. Spatial heterogeneity in prevalence suggest that local factors, such as land use, influence disease risk in the metropole. Conclusion In South Africa, as in other African countries, leptospirosis is likely underdiagnosed. The high prevalence of infection in urban rodents in Johannesburg suggest that further work is urgently needed to understand the potential public health risk posed by this neglected zoonotic pathogen.
Functional Outcome in Cats with Acute Severe Injuries of the Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Following Intensive Rehabilitative Physiotherapy
Authors: Gallucci Antonella , Dragone Ludovica , Kafaji Tania Al , Menchetti Marika , Magno Sara Del , Gandini Gualtiero
Published: July 2020

Background: literature is lacking data concerning the prognosis in cat suffering from acute thoracolumbar spinal cord lesions on field condition either with or without physiotherapy treatment. We investigated the role of intensive physical rehabilitation training in cats suffering from acute thoracolumbar (TL) spinal cord injury and compared their outcome to the presence/absence of pelvic limb pain perception (PP) under field conditions. A further aim was the evaluation of the outcome of cats under intensive physiotherapy when compared to a control group.Methods: Retrospective study. The medical records of 29 feline patients with acute TL spinal cord injury, with and without PP, selected for intensive rehabilitation treatment were reviewed. Those cats that satisfied the same criteria, but performed at home physiotherapy exercises with the owner, were enrolled as control group.Results: 7 cats had pelvic limb PP, which resulted significantly associated with functional recovery of voluntary locomotion (p=0.01) and voluntary micturition (p= 0.00006). Twenty-two cats (76%) had the absence of pelvic limb PP and the acquisition of spinal walking (SW) was achieved in ten cats (45%). None of these patients regained a voluntary micturition at the end of the treatment. The presence of the crossed extensor reflex on admission was significantly associated with the acquisition of SW (p= 0.008). At 15 days, improvement in assisted walking/UWTM was found to be significantly associated with higher possibility to achieve SW at the end of the treatment (p=0.04). The control group included seven cats. None of the cats had regained voluntary micturition or ambulatory condition. Comparing to the control group, the intensive rehabilitation program was significantly associated with a higher possibility to regain functional locomotion (p= 0.005). Recovery of voluntary micturition did not show significant differences among the control group and the cats that underwent physical therapy.Conclusions: cats with severe acute TL lesion recovery can benefit from physiotherapy and, also in case of loss of PP, the acquisition of SW is possible under field condition.
The Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire: development and validation of age appropriate versions for infants and toddlers
Authors: Jansen Elena , Russell Georgie , Appleton Jessica , Byrne Rebecca , Daniels Lynne , Fowler Catherine , Rossiter Chris , Mallan Kimberley
Published: July 2020

Background: A large range of questionnaires is available to assess parental feeding practices. Most have been developed for and are used with children aged two years and older. To measure and better understand trajectories of feeding and their relationship with child eating behaviours and weight in the long term, assessment from infancy is desirable. While questionnaires also exist to measure feeding practices of parents with infants, no questionnaire is available that allows tracking of feeding practices across time, from infancy through childhood. The aim of the study was to develop a version of the Feeding Practices and Structure Questionnaire (FPSQ) for parents with infants and toddlers.Methods: Constructs and items for the FPSQ for infants and toddlers were derived from the existing and validated FPSQ for older children and supplemented by a review of the literature on infant feeding questionnaires. Following expert review, two versions of the questionnaire were developed, one for milk feeding parents and one for solid feeding parents. Data from two studies were combined (child ages 0-24 months) to test the derived constructs with Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the milk feeding (N=731) and solid feeding (N=611) versions. Results: The milk feeding version consisted of four factors (18 items) and showed acceptable model fit and good internal reliability: ‘feeding on demand vs. feeding routine’ (α= 0.87), ‘using food to calm’ (α= 0.87), ‘persuasive feeding’ (α= 0.71), ‘parent-led feeding’ (α= 0.79). The same four factors showed acceptable model fit for the solid feeding version (21 items), likewise with good internal reliability (α= 0.74, 0.86, 0.85, 0.84 respectively). Two additional factors (13 items) were developed for the solid feeding version that appeared developmentally appropriate only for children aged 12 months or older: ‘family meal environment’ (α= 0.81) and ‘using (non-)food rewards’ (α= 0.92). The majority of factor-factor correlations were in line with those of the original FPSQ.Conclusions: The FPSQ milk and solid feeding versions are the first measures specifically developed as precursors to the FPSQ to measure parental feeding practices in children <2 years, particularly those related to non-responsiveness and structure. Further validation in more diverse samples is required.MeSH terms:Infant, Feeding behaviour, Parents, Body weight
How do patient feedback systems work in low- and middle-income countries? Insights from a realist evaluation in Bangladesh.
Authors: Mirzoev Tolib , Kane Sumit , Azdi Zunayed Al , Ebenso Bassey , Chowdhury Ayesha Afroz , Huque Rumana
Published: July 2020

Background
Well-functioning patient feedback systems can contribute to improved quality of healthcare and ultimately make health systems more accountable. We used realist evaluation to understand the functioning of patient feedback systems at frontline health facilities in Bangladesh.
Methods
We collected and analysed data in two stages using: document review; secondary analysis of data from publicly-available web-portals; in-depth interviews with patients, health workers and managers; non-participant observations of feedback environments; and stakeholder workshops. Stage 1 focused on identifying and articulating the initial program theory of patient feedback systems. In Stage 2, we iteratively tested and refined this initial theory, through analysing data and grounding emerging findings within substantive theories and empirical literature, to arrive at a refined program theory.
Results
Multiple patient feedback systems operate in Bangladesh, essentially comprising stages of collection, analysis and actions on feedback. Key contextual enablers include political commitment to accountability, whereas key constraints include limited patient awareness of feedback channels, lack of guidelines and documented processes, local political dynamics and priorities, institutional hierarchies and accountability relationships. Findings highlight that relational trust may be important for many people to exercise citizenship and providing feedback, and that appropriate policy and regulatory frameworks with clear lines of accountability are critical for ensuring effective patient feedback management within frontline healthcare facilities.
Conclusion
Tolib Information, Mirzoev*, Sumit Kanea, Bassey Ebenso1,b
Evaluation of Platinum-catalyzed Silicones for Fabrication of Biocompatible Patient-specific Elastic Bolus
Authors: Son Jaeman , Jung Seongmoon , Park Jong Min , Wu Hong-Gyun , Kim Jung-in
Published: July 2020

Purpose

We investigated the properties of platinum-catalyzed silicones with suitable characteristics for a biocompatible patient-specific elastic bolus.
Materials & Methods

We applied a platinum-catalyzed silicone (Ecoflex™ 0030) and a platinum cure liquid silicone (Dragon Skin™ 10 MEDIUM) to fabricate a biocompatible bolus using a mold and casting method with a 3D printer. We conducted physical evaluations including the shore hardness, cure time, transparency, and mixed viscosity. The dosimetric characteristics were basically investigated with surface dose and beam quality. For dosimetric evaluations using humanoid phantom, the dose differences between calculated dose and measured dose were compared with those of Dragon skin. To evaluate which boluses fit best, the volume of unwanted air gaps between the bolus and phantom was obtained from CT images. Biological evaluations were conducted on the skin sensitization, skin irritation, and cytotoxicity to ensure safe patient application.
Results

Ecoflex were biologically evaluated as safety materials. In addition, Ecoflex shows excellent physical properties with respect to a low shore hardness (00–30), short curing time (4 h), and low mixed viscosity (3,000). For the dosimetric properties using humanoid phantom, the average dose difference between the calculated dose and measured dose for Ecoflex is about 0.5% better than that of Dragon skin. In addition, a relatively smaller volume of unwanted air gaps for Ecoflex also showed than for Dragon skin, which these results tended to be the same as the dosimetric results.
Conclusion

The physical properties of Ecoflex including excellent adhesive strength, lower shore hardness reduces unwanted air gaps and ensures an accurate dose distribution. Therefore, it is a suitable material for fabricating biocompatible patient-specific elastic bolus. It would be an alternative to other materials of bolus and thus improve the efficiency for clinical use.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Psychological Distress Among Nurses in public Hospitals, Southwest, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study Design
Authors: Belay Alemayehu Sayih , Guangul Melak Menberu , Asmare Wondwossen Niguse
Published: July 2020

Background: Psychological distress is broadly defined as a state of emotional suffering characterized by symptoms of depression and anxiety combined by other somatic symptoms like; insomnia, headaches, and lack of energy that is likely to vary across different areas. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence of psychological distress and its’ associated factors among nurses in public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia, 2017/18.Method: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia from February 1st, 2018 to April 1st, 2018. The total number of nurses who fulfill the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Data was collected using the predesigned tool like Self-Reporting Questionnaire version 20 (SRQ 20). Data were entered using EPI INFO version 7 and was exported to statistical packages for social science (SPSS) version 21.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed and odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to assess the degree of association between variables. Variables with a P-value of less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.Result: A total of 282 eligible nurses were enrolled in the study with mean age of 28.71 [SD ±7.047]. The prevalence of psychological distress among nurses was 78(27.7%). Predictor variables like; job title [AOR= 10.13, 95% CI (1.85, 55.41)], work experience [AOR= 4.98, 95% CI (1.59, 15.568)], interaction with staffs [AOR= .305, 95% CI (.117, .796)], fatigue [AOR= 2.54, 95% CI (1.072, 6.02)], social support [AOR= .189, 95% CI (.075, .474)], perfectionism [AOR= 5.697, 95% CI (1.449, 22.39)] and insomnia [AOR= 3.82, 95% CI (1.52, 9.579)] were found to be strong predictor variables for psychological distress.Conclusion: This study revealed that a considerable proportion of nurses had psychological distress. Therefore, strong social support, upgraded working status, and good interaction with staff should be encouraged among nurses working in the health setting to cope up with different stressors.
Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, Delirium, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among COVID-19 Patients: Protocol for A Living Systematic Review
Authors: Shi Jiyuan , Li Yuanyuan , Zhao Liang , Yan Meili , Niu MingMing , Chen Yamin , Song Ziwei , Ya Gao , Tian Jinhui
Published: July 2020

BackgroundPrevious studies on the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the patients has been limited by the lack of relevant data. With the rapid and sustained growth of the publications on COVID-19 research, we will perform a living systematic review (LSR) to provide comprehensive and continuously updated data to explore the prevalence of depression, anxiety, delirium, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among COVID-19 patients.MethodsWe will perform a comprehensive search of the following databases: Cochrane library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Chinese Biomedicine Literature to identify relevant studies. We will utilize different tools to examine the bias risks (quality) regarding studies of varying design types, such as the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2) for randomized controlled trials (RCT), the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort and case-control studies, etc. The literature searches would be updated every month. We will perform meta-analysis if any new eligible studies or data are obtained and resubmit an updated systematic review if any change in outcomes and heterogeneity is determined after the addition of the new studies. There will be no restrictions on language or year of publication.DiscussionThis LSR would provide an in-depth and up-to-date summary of the psychological impact of COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment on the patients. Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42020196610
The Seal Louse (Echinophthirius horridus) in the Dutch Wadden Sea: Investigation of Vector-Borne Pathogens and Morphological Adaptations
Authors: Hirzmann Jörg , Ebmer David , Contreras Guillermo J. Sánchez , Rubio-García Ana , Magdowski Gerd , Gärtner Ulrich , Taubert Anja , Hermosilla Carlos
Published: July 2020

Background: Belonging to the anopluran family Echinophthiriidae, Echinophthirius horridus, the seal louse, has been reported to parasitize a broad range of representatives of phocid seals. So far, only few studies focused on vector function of echinophthiriid lice and knowledge on their role in pathogen transmission is still scarce. The current study aims to investigate the role of E. horridus in vector-borne diseases of seals in the Dutch Wadden Sea and to attribute to its morphological features of environmental adaptation.Methods: More than 1200 E. horridus seal lice were collected from 54 harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and one grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) during their rehabilitation period in the Sealcentre Pieterburen, the Netherlands. DNA was extracted from pooled seal lice of individual seals for molecular detection of the seal heartworm Acanthocheilonema spirocauda, the rickettsial intracellular bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Mycoplasma spp. using PCR assays. In addition E. horridus-adult and -eggs were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: Seal lice from 35% of the harbour seals (19/54) and from the grey seal proved positive for A. spirocauda. The seal heartworm was molecularly characterised and phylogenetically analysed for the first time (rDNA, cox1). A nested PCR was developed for the cox1 gene to detect A. spirocauda stages in seal lice. A. phagocytophilum and a Mycoplasma species previously identified from a patient with disseminated ‘seal finger’ mycoplasmosis were detected the first time in seal lice. SEM analyses of E. horridus-adults and -eggs brought out more clearly unique morphological features, such as ‘lock-like’ claws, setae-covered cuticle as well as vaulted nit lids carrying micropyles for respiration, which all demonstrate the adaption of this ectoparasite to its semiaquatic host and the marine environment.Conclusions: Our findings support the vector role of seal lice in transmission of A. spirocauda, Mycoplasma spp. and A. phagocytophilum and presented more detailed images of their morphological adaptations to the semiaquatic lifestyle of their hosts. As the vector-borne pathogens might have detrimental effects on the health of seal populations further epidemiological investigations on infections due to these pathogens in seals should be conducted.
Impact of CKLF-like MARVEL Transmembrane Domain Containing 6 (CMTM6) Expression in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Nishi M , Shimada Mitsuo , Yoshikawa Kozo , Higashijima Jun , Tokunaga Takuya , Kashihara Hideya , Takasu Chie , Eto Shohei , Yoshimoto Toshiaki
Published: July 2020

Background: CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 6 (CMTM6) is the master regulator of programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1). We aimed to clarify the significance of CMTM6 expression in gastric cancer (GC). Methods: A total of 105 patients who had undergone curative surgical resection for stage II/III GC at Tokushima University Hospital were included in this study. The expression of CMTM and PD-L1 was examined by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the relationship of each expression level to several prognostic factors was examined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: CMTM6 was not positively correlated with any of the factors examined. The overall survival (OS) rates were significantly poorer in the CMTM6 high-expression group than in the CMTM low-expression group (5-year OS: 57.2% vs. 79.2%, respectively; p<0.05). Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly poorer in the CMTM high-expression group than in the CMTM6 low-expression group (5-year DFS: 52.8% vs. 72.4%, respectively; p=0.20). Multivariate analysis confirmed CMTM6 expression as an independent prognostic factor in DFS (p<0.05). CMTM6 expression tended to be correlated with PD-L1 expression (p=0.07), and PD-L1 expression was positively correlated with PD-1 expression (p<0.05).Conclusions: CMTM6 is associated with a poor prognosis and immunotolerance through PD-L1 in GC.
Das Google-Urteil des EuGH und die Entfernungspflicht von Suchmaschinen nach schweizerischem Recht
Authors: Hürlimann Daniel
Published: July 2020

Das Google-Urteil des EuGH verstösst gegen die Informationsfreiheit, die sowohl von der EU-Grundrechtecharta als auch in der EMRK und BV garantiert wird. Mit dem Urteil wird Suchmaschinenbetreibern eine Richterfunktion zugewiesen, die in einem Rechtsstaat nicht an Private delegiert werden darf.
Das Ende der bilateralen Handelsabkommen?
Authors: Sieber-Gasser Charlotte
Published: July 2020

Zwei Jahrzehnte lang hat sich im internationalen Handelsrecht wenig bewegt. Durch die Paralyse der WTO genossen bilaterale Handelsabkommen viel Aufmerksamkeit und waren während 20 Jahren das primäre Instrument für die Weiterentwicklung und Vertiefung der Handelsbeziehungen. Vor gut einem Jahr hat sich die Dynamik geändert: Mit mehreren sogenannten Mega-Abkommen, plurilateralen Initiativen und dem ersten neuen Entscheid der WTO seit vielen Jahren, verlieren bilaterale Handelsabkommen an Attraktivität und Nutzen. Diese neue Dynamik bringt deutlich zum Vorschein, dass der handelspolitische Alleingang steigende Kosten mit sich bringt und die fortschreitende Globalisierung einen Imperativ zur Vernetzung und Kooperation schafft. Ob die Schweiz bereit ist, der neuen Herausforderung proaktiv zu begegnen, wird sich weisen.
Data protection and competition law: non-compliance as abuse of dominant position
Authors: Këllezi Pranvera
Published: July 2020

The Federal Cartel Office in Germany has prohibited Facebook from combining data from its internal and external services with each user's account, on the grounds that such processing infringes the GDPR and, as a result, the social network was abusing its dominant position. The dominant position of the company is used to exclude any legal ground justifying a particular type of processing, whereas the dominant position should not be relevant for assessing compliance with the GDPR. The decision is part of a trend to abandon the competition law criteria related to the impact on the market, without providing any added value in terms of data protection.
Das Strafrecht in der Krise
Authors: Ege Gian , Eschle David
Published: July 2020

Der Bundesrat hat im Rahmen der Massnahmen zur Bekämpfung des Coronavirus (Covid-19) Strafvorschriften auf Verordnungsebene erlassen und diese als Reaktion auf die sich rasch ändernden Umstände häufig angepasst. Das wirft die Fragen auf, ob der Bundesrat überhaupt Strafvorschriften erlassen darf und welchen Anforderungen diese genügen müssen. Eine Analyse der Strafbestimmungen in der COVID-19-Verordnung 2 zeigt, dass sich diese auf eine – wenn auch diskussionswürdige – Grundlage stützen können. Die konkrete Ausgestaltung verletzt allerdings teilweise das Verhältnismässigkeitsprinzip und das strafrechtliche Bestimmtheitsgebot. Ausserdem vermag die Notverordnungskompetenz des Bundesrates die Anwendung des Ordnungsbussenverfahrens auf gewisse Übertretungen nicht zu decken. Insgesamt ist es angezeigt, dass der bundesrätliche Umgang mit den Strafvorschriften überdacht wird, um für zukünftige Krisensituationen die richtigen Schlüsse zu ziehen.
If it ain’t broke, don‘t fix it – Kritische Gedanken zur «Lex Fifa»
Authors: Winter Steven
Published: July 2020

Korruptionsvorwürfe an die FIFA im Rahmen der Vergabe von Fussballweltmeisterschaften lösten eine Debatte über die Zweckmässigkeit des Korruptionsstrafrechts aus. Die bisherige Regelung schien für die Erfassung der Privatbestechung ungenügend zu sein. Mit der Verschärfung des Korruptionsstrafrechts will man künftig die Bestechung im privaten Sektor, gerade im sportlichen Umfeld, besser erfassen können. Der Autor zeigt die Gründe für die Revision auf und analysiert kritisch, was sich unter neuem Recht ändern wird. Dabei verortet er Mängel in der Rechtsetzung und kommt zum Schluss, dass die Revision Probleme nur zum Schein löst, dafür aber neue schafft.
Vaterschaftsurlaub, what else?
Authors: Grohsmann Irene
Published: July 2020

Sowohl gemäss der Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte (EGMR) als auch gestützt auf die Schweizerische Bundesverfassung dürfen Frau und Mann nicht aufgrund traditioneller Rollenverteilungen und Geschlechterstereotypen unterschiedlich behandelt werden. Seit den 1990er Jahren hat ein gesellschaftlicher Wandel stattgefunden, welcher die Rolle des Vaters stärkt. Dies hat auch in den Rechtsordnungen der Mehrzahl der europäischen Staaten und der Rechtsprechung des EGMR Niederschlag gefunden. Die aktuelle Regelung in der Schweiz, wonach nur Mütter einen bezahlten Urlaub nach der Geburt eines Kindes erhalten können, beruht auf traditionellen Vorstellungen über die Rolle von Frauen als Betreuerinnen der Kinder und Männer als Ernährer. Diese sind vor dem Hintergrund des gesellschaftlichen Wandels in Europa und der Schweiz nicht mehr tragbar.
The «Dublin IV» Proposal: Towards more solidarity and protection of individual rights?
Authors: Progin-Theuerkauf Sarah
Published: July 2020

The Achilles‘ heel of the Dublin system is and has always been the lack of solidarity between the Member States and the relatively poor standard of protection of individual rights of the concerned applicants for international protection. In May 2016, the EU Commission has published a proposal to reform the Dublin III Regulation. Will the recast regulation achieve the aim of creating «a more sustainable and fair Common European Asylum System», as announced by the Commission? The following article discusses and analyses the Dublin IV proposal in the light of the principle of solidarity and the EU’s obligation to protect fundamental rights of migrants.
Der Herausgabeanspruch gemäss Art. 75 E-FIDLEG
Authors: Dommer Nicolas
Published: July 2020

Voraussichtlich Mitte 2019 wird das neue Finanzdienstleistungsgesetz in Kraft treten, das unter anderem den Schutz der Kunden von Finanzdienstleistern bezweckt. Hierzu wird den Kunden in Art. 75 E-FIDLEG ein jederzeitiger Anspruch auf Herausgabe einer Kopie ihres Dossiers sowie sämtlicher weiterer sie betreffende Dokumente, die der Finanzdienstleister im Rahmen der Geschäftsbeziehung erstellt hat, eingeräumt. Seinen Zweck, eine Lücke im Kundenschutz zu schliessen, erfüllt dieser vorgesehene Herausgabeanspruch indessen nur dann, wenn die auftragsrechtlichen Bestimmungen auf das Verhältnis zwischen Kunde und Finanzdienstleister nicht anwendbar sind. Ansonsten gewährt Art. 400 OR dem Kunden bereits heute einen weitergehenden, jedoch kostenpflichtigen Informationsanspruch.
Cannabis utilisé à des fins non-médicales: Feu vert pour des essais pilotes ciblés?
Authors: Junod Valérie
Published: July 2020

La présente contribution présente le projet fédéral soumis à la consultation et visant à autoriser les cantons qui le souhaitent à mener des essais contrôlés de consommation récréative de cannabis. Elle en expose les limites, proposant notamment de laisser aux chercheurs la responsabilité de définir le cercle des consommateurs autorisés à participer à de tels essais. Le projet dans son ensemble est à saluer, en ce qu'il facilitera le débat scientifique, social, politique, débat d'autant plus nécessaire que le sujet est – et a toujours été – controversé.
Indirekter Gegenentwurf zur Konzernverantwortungs­initiative - Haftungsnorm im Einklang mit der schweizerischen Tradition
Authors: Werro Franz
Published: July 2020

Die Konzernverantwortungsinitiative wie der Gegenentwurf bauen mit der Geschäftsherrenhaftung auf einer allgegenwärtigen und in ihrer schweizerischen Ausgestaltung im internationalen Vergleich zurückhaltenden Haftungsnorm auf. Die Übertragung dieser Haftung auf Konzernverhältnisse folgt sodann einem klaren in- wie ausländischen Trend. Beide Vorlagen erweitern hingegen den geltenden Haftungsrahmen auch im vorliegend menschenrechtlichen Zusammenhang nicht, sondern konkretisieren ihn lediglich. Die im Gegenentwurf verankerte Haftungsregelung fällt zudem auffallend einschränkend aus. Zu nennen ist neben dem Entscheid für den unternehmerischen Entlastungsbeweis auch jener für einen eingeschränkten Kontrollbegriff. Die Haftungsnorm steht somit im Einklang mit der schweizerischen Rechtstradition. Dabei wählt die Schweiz eine im internationalen Vergleich zurückhaltende Lösung.
Der Betreuungsunterhalt: Eine Bestandesaufnahme zwei Jahre nach dem Inkrafttreten
Authors: Burri Marga
Published: July 2020

Das Bundesgericht hat seit Inkrafttreten des neuen Kindesunterhaltsrechts am 1. Januar 2017 zwei Leitentscheide dazu gefällt. Seitdem ist klar: Für die Berechnung des Betreuungsunterhalts soll einzig die Lebenshaltungskostenmethode verwendet werden. Der Betreuungsunterhalt bemisst sich folglich nach der Differenz zwischen den Lebenshaltungskosten des betreuenden Elternteils (Bedarfsseite) und dessen Einkommen. Ein Methodenpluralismus wird nicht mehr geduldet. Abgestuft wird der Anspruch auf Betreuungsunterhalt neuerdings nach der Richtlinie des sogenannten Schulstufenmodells. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht einen Überblick über die bisher erfolgte bundesgerichtliche Rechtsprechung zu verschaffen. Nicht alle Fragen, die sich im Zusammenhang mit dem Betreuungsunterhalt stellen, sind bereits geklärt worden. Nachfolgend wird aufgezeigt, auf welchem Stand die aktuelle Rechtslage ist.
The Role of Organizational Culture in Job Satisfaction and Turnover: A Study of Pakistani Employees
Authors: Abbas Ansar , Khan Roman , Ishaq Fizza , Mehmood Khalid
Published: July 2020

The human capital becomes a significant achievement of every organization in the context of the transformation of the fundamental principles in doing business. Every business structure creates and maintains a unique organizational culture that determines the degree of comfortable conditions for employees in their workplace, the level of their interest in the successful operation of the company, and the desire to gain leadership in the market. The human resources and the degree of workers’ satisfaction with jobs directly affect the performance of the company. At the same time, the organizational culture of the company depends on the general policy of the company in which the maximization of profit, not the employee’s satisfaction with working conditions, is the primary purpose of its activity. The systematization of existing scientific capacity in the field of human resources management has shown the relationship between the level of dissatisfaction of employees with working conditions and the degree of their readiness to find a new place where they can work in more comfortable conditions. The study is based on the use of analytical and comparative methods. The object of the research includes organizations in Muzaffargarh, Layyah, and Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab (Pakistan). The study is based on a method of data collection, which contains the analysis of the results of 320 successfully returned (out of 350 distributed) questionnaires. A 5-digit Likert scale analyzed the results. The purpose of the research is to analyze the relationship between job satisfaction, organizational culture, and staff turnover in Pakistan. According to the results of the study, the authors conclude that organizational culture directly influences employee satisfaction, which in turn has a negative impact on employee turnover. The results of the conducted research can be useful for managers and business owners in terms of understanding the possibilities of improving the employees’ productivity from the perspective of increasing their satisfaction with working conditions.

Keywords: Human Resource Management, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Culture, Turnover.
Innovations in Workforce Management: Challenges in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Safrankova Jana Marie , Sikyr Martin , Skypalova Renata
Published: July 2020

The radical technological changes in business models associated with the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) naturally change workforce requirements and approach to workforce management. To deal with the workforce management challenges of the 4IR, employers should know the requirements and expectations of the potential workforce to be able to apply effective and efficient strategies, policies, and practices on workforce management to ensure the organization has quality employees it needs. The aim of the article is to present the main findings of the authors' questionnaire survey on requirements and expectations of Czech employees associated with the fourth industrial revolution and discuss the current workforce management challenges in developing attractive career opportunities. The authors' questionnaire survey was carried out from September to December 2019. The respondents included Czech male and female employees of different professions and different generations. The answers were obtained from 168 respondents. The data analysis methods included the calculation of relative frequencies and the evaluation of the dependence of responses on gender and generation of respondents using contingency tables and chi-square tests of independence. The findings show that respondents are familiar with the 4IR and they are not concerned about losing their jobs due to the development of digitization, automation, or robotization, however, they are aware of the fact that their employability in the 4IR is determined by their knowledge, skills, and abilities. On the other hand, they have relatively high job expectations, which could reduce their employability. Therefore, employers should learn how to know the requirements and expectations of the potential workforce to be able to develop attractive career opportunities.
Keywords:
The Czech Republic, employee expectations, employment opportunities, human resource management, industry 4.0, working conditions
SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF METAL-COMPLEX CATALYSTS BASED ON OIL METALLOPORPHYRINS
Authors: Aghahuseynova Minira
Published: July 2020

The study of the properties and use of natural metalloporphyrins in the development of new highly selective methods for the oxygenation of hydrocarbons at moderate temperatures is an urgent problem. The present work is devoted to the extraction of metalloporphyrins from oil residues and the creation on their basis of effective catalytic systems for the oxidation of alkenes. The separation of metalloporphyrins from oil residues was carried out using new bifunctional organic extractants having the nature of keto-alcohols and providing a greater degree of extraction of porphyrins in comparison with the known traditionally used extractants.

The results of a study of a number of new bifunctional organic reagents as extractants for the selective extraction of oil porphyrins from asphaltenes are presented, their spectral characteristics are studied, the dependence of the degree of extraction on the mass ratio of the extractant and the crude oil is revealed. The best results were obtained with a mass ratio of 1:30. The isolated mixture of metalloporphyrins is first subjected to demetallization with hydrochloric acid (pH=1–2), turning into a mixture of porphyrins, then, to obtain individual metal porphyrin complexes, the required transition metal ions are introduced into the porphyrin ring by treating the mixture with these metal salts. It was shown that the yield of synthesized oil porphyrins is 42–85 %, depending on the nature of the metal. The composition and structure of the synthesized oil metalloporphyrins containing iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese are established by modern methods of physico-chemical analysis. The catalytic properties of synthesized metalloporphyrins in the epoxidation of unsaturated alkenes have been investigated. Their dioxide adducts were obtained, and a mechanism was proposed for the oxidation of alkenes with the formation of oxinoid structures as a result of the decomposition of the oxygen complexes of metal porphyrins
DETERMINATION OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THERMAL POWER STATIONS DIRECTLY FROM THE TURBINE REGIME CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Kostov Konstantin
Published: July 2020

The distribution of costs for electricity and heat production is accomplished by a number of fairly conditional methods. Cost analysis and allocation must be carried out on the basis of objective technical and economic criteria. The application of a method is determined by the introduced regulatory frameworks, energy markets and the prices of energy products. There are two fundamental methods – "physical" and "exergy". The physical method is based on the distribution of costs, and the exergy on the second law of thermodynamics. The article reviews and analyzes the tariff policy of the Thermal power plant. Objective criteria have been identified to serve as a means of forecasting and controlling fuel consumption. The thermal efficiency of a Thermal power plant has been evaluated. A comparison was made with similar Thermal power plants. A fundamentally new approach is proposed to determine the main technical and economic criteria of the plant. The proposed method allows determining indicators that uniquely characterize the thermal and economic efficiency of the plant without the need for diversification of fuel costs
CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E INOVAÇÃO EM SERGIPE: EVOLUÇÃO E ANÁLISE
Authors: De melo José Nilton , De Santana José Ricardo , Da Silva Gabriel Francisco
Published: July 2020

Na atualidade, políticas de incentivo à ciência, tecnologia e inovação (C,T&I) têm ocupado as principais agendas de apoio ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico de países e regiões. Esse reconhecimento é motivado, sobretudo, pela constatação de que a velocidade das inovações mundiais exige uma maior qualificação e preparação tecnológica das indústrias e empresas domésticas. Desta forma, investimentos em C,T&I é condição fundamental para criar um ambiente propício para a produção de conhecimento, transferência de tecnologias e processo inovativo no país. Diante desse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a produção científica e tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe com o intuito de analisar a condição atual desse estado brasileiro no quesito ciência, tecnologia e inovação. Os dados revelam que Sergipe vem perdendo participação regional e nacional no quesito investimentos realizados em bolsas e no fomento à pesquisa e possui uma produção tecnológica bastante acanhada, principalmente de produtos registrados, a despeito de estar crescendo no segmento de produção científica.
Dramática del espacio interior. Cubiculum cordis y templum mentis: dos tópicos agustinianos en la fenomenología de la hospitalidad de Jean-Louis Chrétien
Authors: Avenatti de Palumbo Cecilia
Published: July 2020

El artículo se propone desarrollar una fenomenología de la hospitalidad que se halla implícita en la obra de Jean-Louis Chrétien, sobre todo en aquellos textos que responden a la influencia de San Agustín. En la primera parte, se presentan los tópicos medievales del cubiculum cordis y templum mentis en el horizonte fenomenológico del esquema del espacio interior. En la segunda, se desarrolla propiamente la fenomenología de la hospitalidad a partir de tres ejes que se desprenden del tópico del espacio interior, a saber: la hospitalidad de la escucha, de la carne y de la fragilidad.
Sobre la perplejidad de Protarco en el Filebo de Platón
Authors: Viveros Chavarría Edison Francisco
Published: July 2020

Este artículo introduce el problema de la perplejidad filosófica de Protarco en el Filebo de Platón. La tesis es: la actitud de quien se examina a sí mismo usando la dialéctica, y está expuesta en el personaje de Protarco, es una actitud de orden filosófico en la que insiste Platón en el diálogo Filebo. Frente al problema sobre si es el placer o la sabiduría las que deben guiar una vida buena, o si es la mixtura entre estas dos, Sócrates dirá que es la mezcla de ambas pero con predominio de la sabiduría a través del uso de la razón. La aceptación de esta forma de resolver el problema implicó para Protarco la transformación de su disponibilidad anímica, la cual se basó en la experiencia de su perplejidad filosófica.
Analyst Coverage and Corporate Tax Aggressiveness in Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Prihandini Wiwiek
Published: July 2020

This research aimed to examine the effects of analyst coverage on corporate tax aggressiveness in emerging markets that stock prices did not reflect available information in the capital market. The samples were 537 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2015-2016. The samples were taken based on the criterion set by the researcher. The data were obtained from financial statements and fact books published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Abnormal Book-Tax Differences (ABTD) was used as a proxy of tax aggressiveness. Analyst coverage was measured by average income predicted from the year (t-1). The equation model showed the effects of analyst coverage on tax aggressiveness using the logistic regression. The findings show that, in a weak form of market, analyst coverage has a positive effect on tax aggressiveness. It means analyst coverage encourages management to carry out tax aggressiveness. The impact is that after-tax income becomes higher, it also results in higher earnings per share, but the tax burden paid to the government is decreased.
The Optimization of Website Visibility and Traffic by Implementing Search Engine Optimization (SEO) in Palembang Polytechnic of Tourism
Authors: Setiawan Agus , Harahap Zulkifli , Syamsuar Dedy , Kunang Yesi Novaria
Published: July 2020

This research is a case study of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) in Palembang Polytechnic of Tourism website. The main objective of this research is to establish a plan for SEO in Palembang Polytechnic of Tourism (http://poltekpar-palembang.ac.id/) and to improve online visibility and ranking position in search engines (Google). It aims to bring in more international traffic and students to visit the website. SEO is a digital marketing technique to increase web accessibility. In the globalization world, people use search engines, such as Google, to know or find out more about various topics quickly and visually. Through a bibliographic review and qualitative analysis, the research focuses on the understanding of what SEO is and its implementation for the Palembang Polytechnic of Tourism website. The results show that the most important thing in making SEO plans is to increase visibility and branding on search engines (Google). SEO is done by developing website content and setting keywords as backlinks.
AĞRI ÖZÜRLÜLÜK ANKETİ’NİN KRONİK BEL AĞRISINDA KÜLTÜREL UYUM, GÜVENİRLİK VE GEÇERLİĞİ
Authors: YARAN Mahmut , EKİCİ Gamze
Published: July 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kronik bel ağrılı hastalarda Ağrı Özürlülük Anketi’nin (ADA) Türkçe’ye adaptasyonunun ve psikometrik özelliklerinin analizinin yapılması amaçlandı. Yöntem: En az üç aydır bel ağrısı olan 91 hasta (51 kadın ve 40 erkek, yaş=41,71±12,53 yıl) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Türkçe ADA uluslararası kurallara uygun olarak Türkçe diline çevirildi Türkçe ADA ile Oswestry Özürlülük İndeksi (OÖİ) hastalar tarafından doldurularak fonksiyonel durum değerlendirildi. Test-tekrar test güvenirliği için anket bir hafta içinde 31 hastada tekrar uygulandı ve sınıf içi korelasyon katsayısı (ICC) ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılarak belirlendi. Geçerliğin tespiti için Türkçe ADA ile OÖİ arasındaki ilişki Pearson korelasyon analizi ve yapı geçerliği incelendi. Sonuçlar: Türkçe ADA için iç tutarlılık (Cronbach’s alfa) değeri a=0,897’ydi. Anketin test-tekrar test güvenirliği için ICC=0,947’dı. Pearson’un Türkçe ADA ve OÖİ’nin fonksiyonel durum bileşeni için korelasyon katsayısı r=0,583 olarak belirlendi (p<0,001). Türkçe ADA ve OÖİ’nin psikososyal bileşeni için korelasyon katsayısı r=0,473 olarak tespit edildi (p<0,001). Toplam Türkçe ADA skoru ile OÖİ skoru arasında güçlü bir ilişki bulundu (r=0,582, p<0,001). Faktör analizi orjinal yapı ile uyumlu olarak iki faktörlü bir yapıyı ortaya koydu. Tartışma: Türkçe ADA'nın güvenir ve geçerli olduğu bulundu. Türkçe ADA’nın kronik kas-iskelet sistemi bozukluklarından bel ağrısının değerlendirilmesi ve takibine yönelik araştırma ve klinik uygulamalarda yararlı olacağı sonucuna varıldı.
Mass Spectrometric (MS) Analysis of Proteins and Peptides
Authors: Jayathirtha Madhuri , Dupree Emmalyn J. , Manzoor Zaen , Larose Brianna , Sechrist Zach , Neagu Anca-Narcisa , Petre Brindusa Alina , Darie Costel C.
Published: July 2020

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The human genome is sequenced and comprised of ~30,000 genes, making humans just a
little bit more complicated than worms or flies. However, complexity of humans is given by proteins
that these genes code for because one gene can produce many proteins mostly through alternative
splicing and tissue-dependent expression of particular proteins. In addition, post-translational modifications
(PTMs) in proteins greatly increase the number of gene products or protein isoforms. Furthermore,
stable and transient interactions between proteins, protein isoforms/proteoforms and PTM-ed
proteins (protein-protein interactions, PPI) add yet another level of complexity in humans and other
organisms. In the past, all of these proteins were analyzed one at the time. Currently, they are analyzed
by a less tedious method: mass spectrometry (MS) for two reasons: 1) because of the complexity of
proteins, protein PTMs and PPIs and 2) because MS is the only method that can keep up with such a
complex array of features. Here, we discuss the applications of mass spectrometry in protein analysis..