bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in the Preparation of Tough Conductive Hydrogels for Flexible Sensors
Authors: Ding Hongyao , Liu Jie , Shen Xiaodong , Li Hui
Published: October 2023

The rapid development of tough conductive hydrogels has led to considerable progress in the fields of tissue engineering, soft robots, flexible electronics, etc. Compared to other kinds of traditional sensing materials, tough conductive hydrogels have advantages in flexibility, stretchability and biocompatibility due to their biological structures. Numerous hydrogel flexible sensors have been developed based on specific demands for practical applications. This review focuses on tough conductive hydrogels for flexible sensors. Representative tactics to construct tough hydrogels and strategies to fulfill conductivity, which are of significance to fabricating tough conductive hydrogels, are briefly reviewed. Then, diverse tough conductive hydrogels are presented and discussed. Additionally, recent advancements in flexible sensors assembled with different tough conductive hydrogels as well as various designed structures and their sensing performances are demonstrated in detail. Applications, including the wearable skins, bionic muscles and robotic systems of these hydrogel-based flexible sensors with resistive and capacitive modes are discussed. Some perspectives on tough conductive hydrogels for flexible sensors are also stated at the end. This review will provide a comprehensive understanding of tough conductive hydrogels and will offer clues to researchers who have interests in pursuing flexible sensors.
PEDOT-Coated PLA Fibers Electrospun from Solutions Incorporating Fe(III)Tosylate in Different Solvents by Vapor-Phase Polymerization for Neural Regeneration
Authors: Pires Laura S. , Melo Diogo S. , Borges João P. , Henriques Célia R.
Published: October 2023

Therapeutic solutions for injuries in the peripheral nervous system are limited and not existing in the case of the central nervous system. The electrical stimulation of cells through a cell-supporting conductive scaffold may contribute to new therapeutic solutions for nerve regeneration. In this work, biocompatible Polylactic acid (PLA) fibrous scaffolds incorporating Fe(III)Tosylate (FeTos) were produced by electrospinning a mixture of PLA/FeTos solutions towards a rotating cylinder, inducing fiber alignment. Fibers were coated with the conductive polymer Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) formed by vapor-phase polymerization of EDOT at 70 °C for 2 h. Different solvents (ETH, DMF and THF) were used as FeTos solvents to investigate the impact on the scaffold’s conductivity. Scaffold conductivity was estimated to be as high as 1.50 × 10−1 S/cm when FeTos was dissolved in DMF. In vitro tests were performed to evaluate possible scaffold cytotoxicity, following ISO 10993-5, revealing no cytotoxic effects. Differentiation and growth of cells from the neural cell line SH-SY5Y seeded on the scaffolds were also assessed, with neuritic extensions observed in cells differentiated in neurons with retinoic acid. These extensions tended to follow the preferential alignment of the scaffold fibers.
Wettability and Frictional Studies of PEEK Composites against Co-Cr Alloys with Surface Textures
Authors: Zhang Xifang , Yao Zhenqiang , Du Haifeng , Song Jiacheng , Jin Zhiyi , Xu Wei
Published: October 2023

With the aim of promoting the qualities for total hip joint replacement, the wettability and tribological behaviors of PEEK composites pins with two sets of different fillers (PEEK/CF or PEEK/CF/PTFE/graphite) against Co-Cr alloy discs with five categories of surface textures (polished, orthogonal, spiral, r-θ, and orthogonal combined with spiral) were explored. It is revealed that the existence of CF in PEEK matrix increases the hydrophilicity in addition to the strength of PEEK, while the addition of PTFE increases the hydrophobicity of PEEK. The Co-Cr alloy discs with hydrophilic properties can be adjusted as hydrophobic, with the depth of textured grooves exceeding the critical sag height determined by the contact angle and the groove width. It can be concluded that PEEK/CF/PTFE/graphite composite has a lower wear rate than PEEK only reinforced with CF against Co-Cr alloy, both without surface texture and with shallow or deep grooves. The existence of shallow grooves on the disc surface could help the PEEK blends to achieve a steady friction against Co-Cr alloy in addition to collecting the worn debris. PEEK blend pins with 10 vol% CF, 10 vol% PTFE and 10 vol% graphite can achieve a lower friction coefficient of no more than 0.2 against Co-Cr alloy discs with shallow grooves around 3.5 μm in orthogonal or spiral textures.
Exploring the Prospects of Macadamia Nutshells for Bio-Synthetic Polymer Composites: A Review
Authors: Khan Md Sefat , Islam Md Mainul , Epaarachchi Jayantha , Shibata Shinichi
Published: October 2023

The global production of macadamia nuts has witnessed a significant increase, resulting in the accumulation of large quantities of discarded nutshells. These nutshells possess the properties of remarkable hardness and toughness, which are comparable to those of aluminum. Incorporating natural fillers to enhance the properties of composite materials for various applications, including light duty, structural, and semi-structural purposes, is a common practice. Given their inherent hardness and toughness, macadamia nutshells present an intriguing choice as fillers, provided that the manufacturing conditions are economically viable. With the urgent need to shift toward natural fillers and reduce reliance on synthetics, exploring macadamia nutshells as components of natural fiber composites becomes imperative. This review aims to comprehensively examine the existing body of knowledge on macadamia nutshells and their bio-synthetic polymer composites, highlighting key research findings, achievements, and identifying knowledge gaps. Furthermore, the article will outline prospective areas of focus for future research endeavors in this domain, aligning with the universal goal of minimizing synthetic materials.
Exploring the Utilization Potential of Spirogyra sp. Biomass for Ethanol Production: A Study on Saccharification Optimization and High-Temperature Ethanol Fermentation
Authors: Vichit Supachanee , Salakkam Apilak , Fiala Khanittha
Published: October 2023

Spirogyra sp. is one of the potential feedstocks for bioethanol production, owing to its high carbohydrate and low lignin contents. However, to date, its use has scarcely been reported, particularly in high-temperature ethanol fermentation. The present study investigated the use of Spirogyra biomass as a bioethanol feedstock by optimizing the conditions for biomass saccharification, followed by ethanol fermentation via thermotolerant yeasts, i.e., Saccahromyces cerevisiae DBKKU Y-53, Kluyveromyces marxianus DBKKU Y-102, and Pichia kudriazevii RZ8-1. The optimization of the algal biomass hydrolysis using response surface methodology (RSM) showed that a maximum total sugar production of 14.75 ± 0.13 g/L was attained using 2.67% (v/v) sulfuric acid, 7.97% (w/v) of biomass loading, and 20 min of hydrolysis time. The fermentation of Spirogyra sp. hydrolysate containing 20 g/L of total sugar at 37 °C showed that S. cerevisiae DBKKU Y-53, K. marxianus DBKKU Y-102, and P. kudriazevii RZ8-1 produced 4.05 ± 0.35 g/L, 4.48 ± 0.13 g/L, and 4.47 ± 0.19 g/L of ethanol, respectively. At 40 °C, lower ethanol production of 1.07 ± 0.47 g/L, 3.93 ± 0.24 g/L, and 3.97 ± 0.19 g/L, respectively, were observed. Nevertheless, P. kudriazevii RZ8-1 exhibited a promising potential for the further development of a high-temperature ethanol fermentation process.
Using Sentinel-2-Based Metrics to Characterize the Spatial Heterogeneity of FLEX Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence on Sub-Pixel Scale
Authors: Jantol Nela , Prikaziuk Egor , Celesti Marco , Hernandez-Sequeira Itza , Tomelleri Enrico , Pacheco-Labrador Javier , Van Wittenberghe Shari , Pla Filiberto , Bandopadhyay Subhajit , Koren Gerbrand , Siegmann Bastian , Legović Tarzan , Kutnjak Hrvoje , Cendrero-Mateo M. Pilar
Published: October 2023

Current and upcoming Sun-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) satellite products (e.g., GOME, TROPOMI, OCO, FLEX) have medium-to-coarse spatial resolutions (i.e., 0.3–80 km) and integrate radiances from different sources into a single ground surface unit (i.e., pixel). However, intrapixel heterogeneity, i.e., different soil and vegetation fractional cover and/or different chlorophyll content or vegetation structure in a fluorescence pixel, increases the challenge in retrieving and quantifying SIF. High spatial resolution Sentinel-2 (S2) data (20 m) can be used to better characterize the intrapixel heterogeneity of SIF and potentially extend the application of satellite-derived SIF to heterogeneous areas. In the context of the COST Action Optical synergies for spatiotemporal SENsing of Scalable ECOphysiological traits (SENSECO), in which this study was conducted, we proposed direct (i.e., spatial heterogeneity coefficient, standard deviation, normalized entropy, ensemble decision trees) and patch mosaic (i.e., local Moran’s I) approaches to characterize the spatial heterogeneity of SIF collected at 760 and 687 nm (SIF760 and SIF687, respectively) and to correlate it with the spatial heterogeneity of selected S2 derivatives. We used HyPlant airborne imagery acquired over an agricultural area in Braccagni (Italy) to emulate S2-like top-of-the-canopy reflectance and SIF imagery at different spatial resolutions (i.e., 300, 20, and 5 m). The ensemble decision trees method characterized FLEX intrapixel heterogeneity best (R2 > 0.9 for all predictors with respect to SIF760 and SIF687). Nevertheless, the standard deviation and spatial heterogeneity coefficient using k-means clustering scene classification also provided acceptable results. In particular, the near-infrared reflectance of terrestrial vegetation (NIRv) index accounted for most of the spatial heterogeneity of SIF760 in all applied methods (R2 = 0.76 with the standard deviation method; R2 = 0.63 with the spatial heterogeneity coefficient method using a scene classification map with 15 classes). The models developed for SIF687 did not perform as well as those for SIF760, possibly due to the uncertainties in fluorescence retrieval at 687 nm and the low signal-to-noise ratio in the red spectral region. Our study shows the potential of the proposed methods to be implemented as part of the FLEX ground segment processing chain to quantify the intrapixel heterogeneity of a FLEX pixel and/or as a quality flag to determine the reliability of the retrieved fluorescence.
Evaluation of the Monitoring Capability of 20 Vegetation Indices and 5 Mainstream Satellite Band Settings for Drought in Spring Wheat Using a Simulation Method
Authors: Xiao Chang , Wu Yinan , Zhu Xiufang
Published: October 2023

This study simulated the canopy reflectance of spring wheat at five distinct growth stages (jointing, booting, heading, flowering, and pustulation) and under four drought scenarios (no drought, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) using the PROSAIL radiative transfer model, and it identified the wavelength range most sensitive to drought. Additionally, the efficacy of 5 mainstream satellites (Sentinel-2, Landsat 8, Worldview-2, MODIS, and GF-2) and 20 commonly utilized remote sensing vegetation indicators (NDVI, SAVI, EVI, ARVI, GVMI, LSWI, VSDI, NDGI, SWIRR, NDWI, PRI, NDII, MSI, WI, SRWI, DSWI, NDREI1, NDREI2, ZMI, and MTCI) in drought monitoring was evaluated. The results indicated that the spectral response characteristics of spring wheat canopy reflectance vary significantly across the growth stages. Notably, the wavelength ranges of 1405–1505 nm and 2140–2190 nm were identified as optimal for drought monitoring throughout the growth period. Considering only the spectral bands, MODIS band 7 was determined to be the most suitable satellite band for monitoring drought in spring wheat at different growth stages. Among the 20 indices examined, WI, MSI, and SRWI, followed by LSWI and GVMI calculated using MODIS bands 2 and 6 as well as bands 8 and 11 of Sentinel-2, demonstrated superior capabilities in differentiating drought scenarios. These conclusions have important implications because they provide valuable guidance for selecting remote sensing drought monitoring data and vegetation indices, and they present insights for future research on the design of new remote sensing indices for assisting drought monitoring and the configuration of remote sensing satellite sensors.
On Some Challenges for National and Global Space Weather Services
Authors: Sergeeva Maria A. , Gonzalez-Esparza Juan Americo , Gatica-Acevedo Victor Jose , Gonzalez Luis Xavier , Corona-Romero Pedro , Aguilar-Rodriguez Ernesto , Melgarejo-Morales Angela , Orrala-Legorreta Isaac David , Mejia-Ambriz Julio Cesar , Gonzalez-Aviles Jose Juan
Published: October 2023

Space Weather (SW) hazards are discussed in terms of the operation of national SW services and global SW centers for the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The definition of threshold values of monitored parameters which are used to identify moderate and severe SW events is one of the critical problems. Due to the lack of both physical data on severe events and user feedback, we tried to approach the problem statistically. In particular, we pursued the answer to the question about what intensity of ionospheric storms and flare effects should be reported by national and global SW entities to their users. We also discussed the possible role of an active region on the Sun, and the cosmic rays’ issues that may be helpful regarding SW operational work. The presented considerations are based on examples of the ionosphere state assessment for the low-latitude American sector with a focus on the Mexican region. This work attempts to argue the possible approaches to resolve the tasks that the SW national services and global centers face.
Correction for the Attenuation Due to Atmospheric Gas and Stratiform Clouds in Triple-Frequency Radar Observations of the Microphysical Properties of Snowfall
Authors: Chang Yue , Chen Hongbin , Huang Xiaosong , Bi Yongheng , Duan Shu , Wang Pucai , Liu Jie
Published: October 2023

For triple-frequency radar, the attenuation attributed to atmospheric gases and stratiform clouds is diverse due to different snowfall microphysical properties, particularly in regions far from the radar. When using triple-frequency ground-based radar measurements, evaluating the attenuation of the three radars at different heights is common to derive attenuation-corrected effective reflectivity. Therefore, this study proposes a novel quality-controlled approach to identify radar attenuation due to gases and stratiform clouds that can be neglected due to varying snowfall microphysical properties and assess attenuation along the radar observation path. The key issue lies in the lack of information about vertical hydrometeor and cloud distribution. Therefore, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data are employed. The Self-Similar-Rayleigh-Gans Approximation (SSRGA) for the nonspherical scattering model in the Passive and Active Microwave TRAnsfer model 2 (PAMTRA2) is compared and analyzed against other scattering models to obtain the optimal triple-frequency radar attenuation correction strategies for stratiform cloud meteorological conditions with varying snowfall microphysical properties. This methodology paves the way for understanding differential attenuation attributed to gas and stratiform clouds with snowfall microphysical properties. Simultaneously, the bin-by-bin approximation method is used to perform the attenuation correction. The two-way attenuation correction increased up to 4.71 dB for heights above 6 km, remaining minimal for regions with heights below 6 km. These values, attributable to gases and stratiform clouds’ two-way attenuation, are nonnegligible, especially at distances far from the W-band radar at heights above 6 km. Both values are relatively small for the X- and Ka-band radars and can be neglected for the varying snowfall microphysical properties. The attenuation correction of triple-frequency radar reflectivity is validated using the cross-calibration and dual-frequency reflectivity ratios. The results show that the method is valid and feasible.
Radar Emitter Structure Inversion Method Based on Metric and Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Lutao , Zhang Wei , Jiang Yilin , Yang Yaozu , Song Yu
Published: October 2023

With the rapid development of modern military countermeasure technology, deep distinguish hostile radar is essential in electronic warfare. However, traditional radio frequency (RF) feature extraction methods can easily be interfered by signal information and fail due to the lack of research on RF feature extraction techniques for complex situations. Therefore, in this paper, first, the generation mechanism of RF structure information is discussed, and the influence of different signal information introduced by different operating parameters on RF structure feature extraction is analyzed. Then, an autoencoder (AE) network and an autoencoder metric (AEM) network are designed, introducing metric learning ideas, so that the extracted deep RF structure features have good stability and divisibility. Finally, radar emitter structure (RES) inversion is realized using the centroid-matching method. The experimental results demonstrate that this method exhibits good inversion performance under variable operating parameters (modulation type, frequency, bandwidth, input power). RES inversion including unknown operating parameters is realized for the first time, and it is shown that metric learning has the advantage of separability of RF feature extraction, which can provide an idea in emitter and RF feature extraction.
Reinforcement-Learning-Based Routing and Resource Management for Internet of Things Environments: Theoretical Perspective and Challenges
Authors: Musaddiq Arslan , Olsson Tobias , Ahlgren Fredrik
Published: October 2023

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are increasingly popular due to their wide array of application domains. In IoT networks, sensor nodes are often connected in the form of a mesh topology and deployed in large numbers. Managing these resource-constrained small devices is complex and can lead to high system costs. A number of standardized protocols have been developed to handle the operation of these devices. For example, in the network layer, these small devices cannot run traditional routing mechanisms that require large computing powers and overheads. Instead, routing protocols specifically designed for IoT devices, such as the routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks, provide a more suitable and simple routing mechanism. However, they incur high overheads as the network expands. Meanwhile, reinforcement learning (RL) has proven to be one of the most effective solutions for decision making. RL holds significant potential for its application in IoT device’s communication-related decision making, with the goal of improving performance. In this paper, we explore RL’s potential in IoT devices and discuss a theoretical framework in the context of network layers to stimulate further research. The open issues and challenges are analyzed and discussed in the context of RL and IoT networks for further study.
FFK: Fourier-Transform Fuzzy-c-means Kalman-Filter Based RSSI Filtering Mechanism for Indoor Positioning
Authors: Tseng Chinyang Henry , Tsaur Woei-Jiunn
Published: October 2023

As indoor positioning has been widely utilized for many applications of the Internet of Things, the Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) fingerprint has become a common approach to distance estimation because of its simple and economical design. The combination of a Gaussian filter and a Kalman filter is a common way of establishing an RSSI fingerprint. However, the distributions of RSSI values can be arbitrary distributions instead of Gaussian distributions. Thus, we propose a Fouriertransform Fuzzyc-means Kalmanfilter (FFK) based RSSI filtering mechanism to establish a stable RSSI fingerprint value for distance estimation in indoor positioning. FFK is the first RSSI filtering mechanism adopting the Fourier transform to abstract stable RSSI values from the low-frequency domain. Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) can identify the major Line of Sight (LOS) cluster by its fuzzy membership design in the arbitrary RSSI distributions, and thus FCM becomes a better choice than the Gaussian filter for capturing LOS RSSI values. The Kalman filter summarizes the fluctuating LOS RSSI values as the stable latest RSSI value for the distance estimation. Experiment results from a realistic environment show that FFK achieves better distance estimation accuracy than the Gaussian filter, the Kalman filter, and their combination, which are used by the related works.
Patient Experience during Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Examination: Anxiety, Feelings, and Safety
Authors: Lange Sandra , Mędrzycka-Dąbrowska Wioletta , Małecka-Dubiela Anna
Published: October 2023

Introductions: Computed tomography is one of the biggest breakthroughs in diagnostic imaging. In order to more accurately assess structures and pathological changes during the examination, it is necessary to administer a contrast agent. Patients presenting for the examination, very often only find out during the examination that a contrast agent is required. This increases patients’ uncertainty when giving written consent for contrast administration, as well as anxiety about the examination. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of patients who have contrast-enhanced CT scans, focusing primarily on anxiety, feelings, and safety. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in diagnostic imaging offices in Pomeranian Voivodeship in 2019–2020. The survey was aimed at patients presenting for CT examinations with intravenous contrast injection. In total, 172 patients participated in the survey. A proprietary survey questionnaire was used to conduct the study. Results and Conclusions: During a CT scan, intravenous contrast agent administration is often necessary. Although there are few studies on patients’ experiences with this examination, the authors observe that some patients experience anxiety. The results of our study showed the following: (1) 30.8% of patients experience anxiety before a CT scan with intravenous contrast injection; (2) variables such as gender, previous experience, and searching for information about the examination influence the occurrence of anxiety; (3) the most common feelings experienced by patients during intravenous contrast injection are a sensation of warmth spreading throughout the body; (4) the most common source of information about the study used among patients was the Internet; (5) most patients feel safe during a CT scan.
Macadamia Breeding for Reduced Plant Vigor: Progress and Prospects for Profitable and Sustainable Orchard Systems
Authors: Dhakal Poudel Pragya , Cowan Max , Shaw Lindsay , De Faveri Joanne , Topp Bruce , Alam Mobashwer
Published: October 2023

Vigor control in tree crops plays an important role in increasing orchard efficiency and sustainability. It has enabled high-density plantations to maximize yield efficiency while reducing production costs. Although traditional methods such as frequent hedging and pruning are still used, dwarfing rootstocks and low-vigor cultivars are the most effective and sustainable means of vigor control, as these methods reduce labor and management costs while maintaining yield efficiency. Considerable variation among cultivars and rootstocks for vigor has been identified; however, mechanisms by which rootstocks affect scion vigor in slow-maturing tree crops remain unclear. With the lack of adequate information required for early and rapid selection, breeding programs in tree crops such as macadamia still utilize manual phenotyping, which is laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. Providing insights on emerging technologies that enhance breeding programs via rapid selection, this review summarizes the current state of vigor management and underlying mechanisms of vigor control in tree crops. It provides further understanding of the prospects of applying those techniques in rootstock and scion breeding for low-vigor and yield-efficient cultivars in tree crops, with specific reference to macadamia.
Challenges and Opportunities of Altasia: A National Benchmarking Assessment
Authors: Hong Paul , Chen Hao-Wei , Ahrens Fred , Park Young Soo , Cho Young Sik
Published: October 2023

As global pressures mount to diversify supply chain strategies beyond China, the concept of “Altasia” has emerged, encompassing 14 alternative countries. This study offers a comprehensive framework describing the historical context, driving factors, and theoretical underpinnings motivating the global shift away from China. Our research model delineates the strategic pathways employed by multinational corporations to navigate the decoupling process, particularly in identifying alternative manufacturing hubs across the Altasia region. This article critically examines the multifaceted challenges and opportunities inherent in Altasia as a collective entity comprising these 14 alternative countries. Furthermore, it explores the transformative implications of this paradigm shift on the broader global supply chain ecosystem. In conclusion, we highlight the forward-looking significance of these findings, shedding light on avenues for future research endeavors in this evolving landscape.
Greener Neighbourhoods Show Resilience to the Spread but Not Severity of COVID-19 Infection in South Africa
Authors: Phogole Bopaki , Yessoufou Kowiyou
Published: October 2023

The outbreak of COVID-19 quickly spread around the globe, with staggering infection and mortality rates. Given the reported benefits of greenness to human health, we hypothesized that greener neighbourhoods would suffer less from COVID-19 infection and severity than not. We modelled COVID-19 infection and severity in South Africa by fitting Generalized Linear Mixed Effects models to various socio-demographic and greenness data (EVI, i.e., Enhanced Vegetation Index, and tree and grass covers) collected from January 2020 to June 2022 at local municipalities, Wards, and districts scales. We found that income level showed a significant negative association with COVID-19 prevalence at the Ward level, suggesting that poorer neighbourhoods are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection. We also found that EVI and tree cover consistently showed a significant negative correlation with COVID-19 infection rate, irrespective of the scale of analysis, whereas grass cover showed a similar pattern but only at the Ward scale. Finally, we found that neither EVI, grass cover, nor tree cover showed a significant association with COVID-19 severity. Overall, greener neighbourhoods show greater resilience to the spread of COVID-19, suggesting that exposure to greenness may boost natural killer cells in the human body, thus reinvigorating our defence system against infections. Our results re-enforced the need to establish and preserve greens paces particularly in the developing world, given their ability to buffer the spread of COVID-19.
Influence of and Resistance to Nudge Decision-Making in Professionals
Authors: Balconi Michela , Acconito Carlotta , Rovelli Katia , Angioletti Laura
Published: October 2023

This study investigated how professionals’ decision-making is influenced by nudging and their resistance to such a form of conditioning. A total of 61 professionals performed a nudge task in which three different scenarios related to wellbeing and sustainable behaviours were presented to the participants under boosted and soft nudge conditions. After the presentation of each scenario, participants were required to decide between two options of choice: one choice was more nudge-induced, the other was not. Electrophysiological (EEG), autonomic, behavioural, and self-report data were collected to determine the correlates of resistance with nudge conditions. The findings showed that professionals’ resistance to nudging is high and not influenced by boosted or soft nudges. Also, while the generalized increase in EEG delta, theta, and beta power localized and lateralized in the right temporoparietal regions can lay the foundation of “the neural architecture” of resistance to nudging, the significant increase in SCR for the boosted compared to soft condition highlighted the pivotal role of this marker as the only indicator that differentiates the two nudge conditions. Overall, evaluating the correlates of the resistance to nudge can be useful to render professionals aware of the explicit and implicit factors to be strengthened to resist to such form of conditioning.
Assessing the Effect of the Magnitude of Spillovers on Global Supply Chains Using Quantile Vector Autoregressive and Wavelet Approaches
Authors: Wang Haibo , Sagbansua Lutfu , Ortiz Jaime
Published: October 2023

Overwhelmed by the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, global supply chains are being restructured and improved worldwide. It then becomes essential to accurately assess their vulnerabilities to external shocks and understand the relationships between key influential factors to obtain the desired results. This study provides a new conceptual econometric framework to examine the relationships between the purchasing managers’ index, service purchasing managers’ index, world equity index, unemployment rate, food and beverage historical prices, Baltic Dry Index, West Texas Intermediate Index, and carbon emissions. A quantile vector autoregressive (QVAR) model is used to assess the dynamic connectedness among Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and the United States based on such factors. A wavelet method is also utilized to assess the coherence between the time series. The results of the correlation and dynamic connectedness analyses for these countries reveal that the service purchasing managers’ index offers the highest spillover value toward the other factors.
Improving Student Retention in Institutions of Higher Education through Machine Learning: A Sustainable Approach
Authors: Villegas-Ch William , Govea Jaime , Revelo-Tapia Solange
Published: October 2023

Effective student retention in higher education represents a critical challenge to institutional stability and educational quality. This study addresses this challenge by integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques in the context of sustainability education. To achieve this, data are collected from a representative cohort of students undergoing extensive cleaning and pre-processing. Additionally, a pre-trained neural network model is implemented, adjusting key parameters. The model evaluation was based on relevant metrics and error analysis, demonstrating that integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence allows early identification of at-risk students and the provision of personalized interventions. This study addresses contemporary student retention challenges in three critical areas: the transition to online education, student mental health and well-being, and equity and diversity in access to higher education. These challenges are addressed through specific strategies based on data analysis and machine learning, thus contributing to overcoming them in the context of higher education. Additionally, this study prioritizes ethical concerns when applying these technologies, ensuring integrity and equity in decision-making related to student retention. Together, this work presents an innovative approach that uses machine learning and artificial intelligence to improve student retention within the framework of educational sustainability, highlighting its transformative potential in higher education.
Health Expenditures, Human Capital, and Sustainable Development: Panel Evidence from the New EU Member Countries
Authors: Şentürk Canan , Sart Gamze , Şaşmaz Mahmut Ünsal , Bayar Yilmaz
Published: October 2023

Both health and human capital are simultaneously resources and indicators of sustainable development. Therefore, this research article studies the causal interaction among total health expenditures, out-of-pocket expenditures, human capital, and sustainable development in eleven EU member countries during 2000–2020 through the panel causality test. The result of the causality test indicates that indicators of health expenditures, human capital, and sustainable development are closely interrelated, but the causal interaction among indicators of health expenditures, human capital, and sustainable development differs among the new EU members. On the one hand, health expenditures and human capital are significant factors underlying sustainable development. On the other hand, sustainable development is a significant determinant of health expenditures and human capital. Considering the significant role of human capital for sustainable development, education and training programs should especially be revised in a way to improve the sustainability and healthy life awareness and qualifications of the individuals. Furthermore, the digital transformation of health systems from both supply and demand sides should be supported by public health policies.
Research on Performance Optimization of Novel Sector-Shape All-Vanadium Flow Battery
Authors: Sun Kai , Qi Mengyao , Guo Xinrong , Wang Weijia , Kong Yanqiang , Chen Lei , Yang Lijun , Du Xiaoze
Published: October 2023

The all-vanadium flow batteries have gained widespread use in the field of energy storage due to their long lifespan, high efficiency, and safety features. However, in order to further advance their application, it is crucial to uncover the internal energy and mass transfer mechanisms. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the performance optimization of all-vanadium flow batteries through numerical simulations. A mathematical and physical model, which couples electrochemical reactions and thermal mass transfer processes within a novel sector-shape all-vanadium flow battery, has been established. Subsequently, the impact of cell thickness and operating parameters on the distribution of various physical fields and performance parameters has been investigated. The results show that the potential and overpotential decrease as the electrode thickness increases, while the energy efficiency initially rises and then declines. As for operating parameters, higher electrolyte concentration demonstrates superior performance, while changes in electrolyte flow and current density have comprehensive effects on the battery. The cell performance can be adjusted based on the integrated mass transfer process and energy efficiency.
Foraging Routine of Two Common Urban Birds on Berries of Exotic Livistona chinensis: A Winter Supplement in an Urban Landscape
Authors: Khan Amin U. , Dad Fiza Pir , Hasnain Ramla , Sharif Faiza , Mansoor Asma
Published: October 2023

Chinese Fan Palm, Livistona chinensis, was introduced as an ornamental plant towards the end of the nineteenth century in Pakistan, and since then, it has been used as a popular plant in urban landscaping. It dominates the green belt of parks, recreational gardens and road verges in Lahore, Pakistan. Recent trends in the plantation of fast-growing palm species and other exotics have replaced L. chinensis in urban landscaping. In this study, observations made on the daily routine of foraging of L. chinensis berries by two common urban birds, the red vented bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer) and the house crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), showed that their consumption of berries peaked in December and January, but the duration of foraging was shown to be longer in house crows as compared to red vented bulbuls. This period of consumption corresponds to the time when the pulp of the berries has become soft, and during this period, no other fruits are available in the urban landscape. Nutrient analysis showed that the pulp of the ripened berries is a rich source of nutrients, and these berries are providing an ideal winter food to counter the increased energetic demands experienced by urban birds during the coldest part of the year, thus helping birds avoid the risk of starvation. This dietary intake of berries by birds also provides a rationale to popularize L. chinensis as an essential component of the planting palette of the urban landscape. This research can be considered as starting point for broad public support to improving landscape planning for managing nature in cities.
Study on Temperature Distribution Law of Tunnel Portal Section in Cold Region Considering Fluid–Structure Interaction
Authors: Huang Jin , Shui Qingxiang , Wang Daguo , Shi Yuhao , Pu Xiaosheng , Wang Wenzhe , Mao Xuesong
Published: October 2023

The design of tunnels in cold regions contributes greatly to the feasibility and sustainability of highways. Based on the heat transfer mechanism of the tunnel surrounding rock–lining–air, this paper uses FEPG software to carry out secondary excavation and development, then the air heat convection calculation model is established by using a three-dimensional extension of the characteristic-based operator-splitting (CBOS) finite-element method and the explicit characteristic–Galerkin method. By coupling with the heat conduction model of the tunnel lining and surrounding rock, the heat conduction-thermal convection fluid–structure interaction finite-element calculation model of tunnels in cold regions is established. Relying on the Qinghai Hekashan tunnel project, the temperature field of the tunnel portal section is calculated and studied by employing the fluid–structure interaction finite-element model and then compared with the field monitoring results. It is found that the calculated values are basically consistent with the measured values over time, which proves the reliability of the model. The calculation results are threefold: (1) The temperature of the air, lining, and surrounding rock in the tunnel changes sinusoidally with the ambient temperature. (2) The temperature of each layer gradually lags behind, and the temperature variation amplitude of the extreme value of the layer temperature gradually decreases with the increase in the radial distance of the lining. (3) In the vicinity of the tunnel entrance, the lining temperature of each layer remains unchanged, and the temperature gradually decreases or increases with the increase in the depth. The model can be used to study and analyze the temperature field distribution law of the lining and surrounding rock under different boundary conditions, and then provide a calculation model with both research and practical value for the study of the temperature distribution law of tunnels in cold regions in the future.
Meat Value Chain Contribution to Territory Sustainability—The Case of Autochthonous Bovine Jarmelista’s Breed
Authors: Paiva Teresa , Coutinho Paula
Published: October 2023

In regional contexts and within specific sustainable businesses based on endogenous resources, analysing their value chain is crucial to support the sustainability characteristics and comply with the new consumer’s demand. Short supply value chains are also typical for these types of businesses and bring advantages regarding competitive and sustainability claims. Jarmelista Bovine Breed Meat’s case study complies with the context and characteristics of a short value chain that is important to define and analyse to support and offer a clear sustainability claim and continue to promote territorial values, namely in the mountain and inland regions. This research, based on case study methodology, aimed to define the Jarmelista meat supply value chain considering perceptions of producers and the other actors of the Jarmelista meat value chain, and as a basis for business improvement in this specific mountain and inland territory, adding value to the meat and contributing to the sustainable values of the meat production to deliver a product that preserves its cultural and sustainable heritage. Based on the results obtained from the interview and surveys conducted, a simple and feasible business orientation for the leading players is suggested, as this points out the focus attributes and relevant issues to be considered along the value chain that, in an integrated approach, can offer to the consumer market a sustainable meat product and contribute to the preservation of the territory sustainability.
Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Latent Fingermarks Using Greenly Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Barros Rodrigo M. , Bonatto Cínthia C. , Ramada Marcelo H. S. , Silva Luciano P.
Published: October 2023

Advances in nanotechnology have contributed to many innovative approaches in the forensic sciences, including the development of new techniques and protocols for latent fingermark detection. Among other nanomaterials, metal-based nanoparticles have been explored as suitable developers for fingermarks present on surfaces that challenge traditionally established methods. The present study explored, for the first time in the forensic science literature, the application of greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for latent fingermark surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI MS) analysis. A leaf extract of a native plant from the Cerrado biome was used for green synthesis of the AgNPs, and their hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index (PdI), and Zeta potential values were evaluated. Latent fingermarks were produced by three distinct donors and treated with α-CHCA matrix or AgNP suspension and were further investigated using commercial matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-TOF MS equipment in the m/z range of 100–1000. Characterization results of the AgNPs indicated an average hydrodynamic diameter of 25.94 ± 0.30 nm, a PdI of 0.659 ± 0.085, and a Zeta potential of −33.4 ± 2.6 mV. The silver ions detected showed a relative intensity at least 20× higher for greenly synthesized AgNPs than for AgNO3 suspension, which may be advantageous for the detection of molecular species, especially olefins, present in forensic traces. The AgNP-based SALDI MS approach for the analysis of latent fingermarks showed intense ions at m/z 106.9, 215.8, and 322.7, referring to silver cation species that have been reported as important internal calibrants. The detection of components from endogenous and exogenous sources in latent fingermarks was achieved using the present approach. Greenly synthesized AgNPs may offer a new cost-effective, eco-friendly, and easily scaled up method for application in the chemical analysis of fingermarks.
Application of Novel Concrete-Filled Built-Up K-Joints with Different Brace Sections in a Double-Deck Truss Bridge with a Symmetric Deck System with Dense Crossbeams
Authors: Zafimandimby Mampiandra N. H. , Liu Yongjian , Jiang Lei , Zhao Xindong
Published: October 2023

To facilitate the first application of the novel concrete-filled built-up K-joints with different brace sections in truss bridges, the present paper aims to determine their practicability through a comparison with integral joints. First, a structural analysis was carried out using the MIDAS CIVIL software to evaluate the loading applied to the structure. Additionally, boundary condition analysis was carried out. After that, the symmetric multi-planar joints were developed, using Abaqus 6.14 for the strength verification and the failure mode identification. These were followed by the multi-planar joints estimate cost. The results indicated that for positive bending, the novel joint deformed by 2.01 mm, compared to 4.83 mm for the integral joint in the serviceability limit state. These deformations were equal to 5.58 mm and 7.68 mm, respectively, in the negative bending. Verification under the ultimate limit state indicated a deformation of 10.43 mm for the novel joint type and 16.59 mm for the integral joint in the positive bending, whereas deformations of 15.89 mm and 16.82 mm were indicated in the negative bending. Moreover, a failure mode analysis showed a buckling of the arc yielding for the novel joint type and a buckling of the gusset plate for the integral joint. Finally, the results showed that the novel type of joint was more expensive by about CNY 111,286.06.
Thirty Years of the DICOM Standard
Authors: Larobina Michele
Published: October 2023

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is an international standard that defines a format for storing medical images and a protocol to enable and facilitate data communication among medical imaging systems. The DICOM standard has been instrumental in transforming the medical imaging world over the last three decades. Its adoption has been a significant experience for manufacturers, healthcare users, and research scientists. In this review, thirty years after introducing the standard, we discuss the innovation, advantages, and limitations of adopting the DICOM and its possible future directions.
Assessment of Peste des Petits Ruminants Antibodies in Vaccinated Pregnant Ewes of Kazakh Breed Fine-Fleeced and Determination of the Decreasing Trend of Maternal Immunity in Their Lambs
Authors: Amanova Zhanat , Turyskeldy Sholpan , Kondybaeva Zhanat , Sametova Zhanna , Usembai Abdurakhman , Kerimbayev Aslan , Bulatov Yerbol
Published: October 2023

In this article, we first assessed peste des petits ruminants (PPR) antibodies in vaccinated pregnant ewes of Kazakh breed fine-fleeced immunized with the PPR vaccine and the duration of maternal immunity in their lambs. Ewes in the last trimester of pregnancy and gestation were immunized with a vaccine from the Nigeria 75/1 strain of the PPR virus (PPRV) produced by the Research Institute of Biological Safety Problems (RIBSP), Kazakhstan. Serum samples from lambs born from vaccinated and unvaccinated ewes were collected a week after birth and at intervals of 7 days for 18 weeks after birth. Serum samples collected from lambs were tested for PPR antibodies using competitive ELISA and virus neutralization test (VNT). Maternal antibodies (MAs) in lambs born from vaccinated ewes were detected for up to 18 weeks, with a tendency to decrease starting at week 14, and by the end of the experiment receded below the protective level (<1:8). In the blood serum of a 14-week-old lamb with MAs (1:8), post vaccination with a field dose (103 TCID50) of the vaccine against PPR, the titers of protective antibodies against PPRV increased to 1:16 on day 14 post vaccination, and the lamb was protected from infection with the field PPRV. A lamb of the same age with MAs in the 1:8 titer was 100% protected from infection with the field PPRV. Therefore, it is recommended that lambs of the Kazakh fine-wool breed be immunized from the age of 14 weeks or older to avoid a period of susceptibility.