bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood Calcium Level and Its Correlation with Calcium Daily Intake, Calcium Supplementation & Clinical Symptoms in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Hidayat Meilinah , Wardani Komang RP , Purba Bertha M , Apreza Rendhy T
Published: January 2018

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is complex of symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This study aimed to observe blood calcium levels differences between the patient and not the PMS, list the average intake of calcium / day among subjects, statistically analyze the relationship between calcium intake and blood calcium levels, and examine the effect of calcium supplementation on blood calcium levels and symptoms of PMS. We examined blood levels of calcium, analytical survey method using a cross-sectional study, experimental methods and PMS symptom questionnaires. The results showed that in the group of subjects SPM average blood calcium level, and the mean intake of calcium / day were lower than in non-PMS and showed a fairly correlation between the intake of calcium per day with blood calcium levels in SPM subjects. There is a significant relationship between increased calcium blood calcium levels and symptoms of PMS. The conclusions: 1. there are differences in blood calcium levels and 2. intake of calcium per day between patients with PMS and not PMS, 3. Calcium intake is significantly associated with calcium level in the PMS and 4. calcium supplementation affects blood calcium levels and reduce symptoms of PMS.Keywords : average calcium intake, blood calcium, calcium supplementation, Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Volume 1 Topic Index (Indonesian)
Authors: Editor Team
Published: January 2018

Volume 1 Topic Index(Indonesian)
Prevention of Child Marriage Age in the Perspective of Human Rights
Authors: Tobing Rudyanti Dorotea
Published: January 2018

One of the rights guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia is the right to marry and have children. Marriage is the beginning of the process of embodiment of the formation of a family in human life. Therefore, marriage is not merely the fulfillment of biological needs, but more than that. Marriage is a part of Human Rights stipulated in Article 10 of the Human Rights Law that everyone shall have the right to start a family and to continue the offspring through legitimate marriage and it may only take place at the free will of the prospective husband and future wife. Marriage is the inner bond between a man and a woman as a husband and wife with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family (household) based on the One Supreme God (Article 1 of the Marriage Law). Based on the article, it can be seen that the purpose of marriage is to establish a happiness and an eternal household based on the One God. Marriage is permissible for those who have met the age limit for marriage as set forth in Article 7(1) of the Marriage Law, for man nineteeen years old and for woman sixteen years old, but in fact under age marriages still happen. According to human rights perspective, under age marriage is the action of grabbing children freedom, namely the right to grow and develop optimally. Prevention of under age marriage, should be done so the children still get their basic rights.
Reconstruction the Paradigm of Law and Justice on the Regulation of Right to Living Space of the Orang Rimba Tribe in Bukit Duabelas, Jambi Province
Authors: Erwin Muhamad
Published: January 2018

The dominance of the positivism law paradigm in the management of forest areas at Bukit Duabelas in Jambi Province has created a crisis for the rights of a living space of Orang Rimba’s tribe. Therefore, this requires further thoughts of the pattern of values and norms to be expansive with an emphasis on a quantity leading to a pattern of systemic values and norms em-phasizing the quality of humanist and ecological aspects which complement and maintain each other. This article explores the paradigm of state law and customary law on the regulation of the rights to a living space of Orang Rimba’s tribe, nomadic groups of people who live in wildwood, as well as ways of reconstructing it to fit the spirit of Pancasila
The system of law and legal process
Authors: Осипов Михаил , Osipov Mikhail (Michail)
Published: January 2018

The proposed monograph presents the results of the study of General theoretical problems of legal processes and their effectiveness
Modernización Económica y Sindicalismo en México1987-1992
Authors: Bravo Zamudio Juan
Published: January 2018

Este ensayo es una primera versión y forma parte de un proyecto de investigación más amplio que está en proceso de elaboración.El objetivo del presente es el de fundamentar la metamorfosis que se da o se está dando en el sistema de relaciones y vinculaciones entre la élite estatal mexicana y la élite (burocrática) sindical, cansada por el cambio de la política económica aplicada a mediados de la década de los 80’s, dada la crisis financiera externa padecida por el país a inicios de la década.
Neoliberalismo y Política en México 1982-1997
Authors: Cadena Vargas Edel
Published: January 2018

En la actualidad, de acuerdo a las cifras del Banco Mundial, en Brasil el 10%de la población de mayores ingresos se apropia del 51 % del ingreso y el 40%más pobre el 7% de la riqueza; En África del Sur, Kenya, Zimbawe y Bisau al10% más rico le corresponde el 47% y a 40% más pobre el 8% del total del ingreso;en Panamá el l0% más rico se lleva el 42% y el 40% más pobre el 8% deltotal del ingreso; en Venezuela, Honduras y Colombia y México el 10% másrico se queda con el 39% del total y el l0% más pobre el 12%. En contraste, enlos países desarrollados el promedio es .que el 10% más rico se lleva no másdel 25% de la riqueza total y el l0% más pobre del 15 al 20%.
Paradojas de la Industrialización Mexicana: Del desarrollo estabilizador a la reconversión forzada
Authors: Arriaga Álvarez Emilio Gerardo
Published: January 2018

El objetivo del presente trabajo es el acercamiento a las paradojas de laindustrialización mexicana a partir del modelo de sustitución de importacionesy hasta la reconversión industrial y la imposición del denominado modeloneoliberal.La primera parte, es una revisión histórico-económica del avance delmodelo industrializador y sus límites. La segunda parte, intenta algunas explicacionesal proceso de reconversión, a partir de las modificaciones al modelode desarrollo. En la tercera parte, intentamos un análisis de las repercusionesde la globalización en la industria (particularmente en la mexicana)y las paradojas que se presentan como consecuencia de la instrumentaciónde las políticas monetaristas. Finalmente, presentamos algunas conclusionesparciales respecto de los fenómenos abordados.
Colombia: de la crisis política a la democracia participativa
Authors: Jaramillo Salgado Diego
Published: January 2018

El proceso político colombiano adquiere hoy singular importancia para elpueblo latinoamericano y para las ciencias sociales por los bruscos y vertiginososcambios producidos en menos de una década. Primero fue la negociacióncon grupos guerrilleros que llevó a la desmovilización de varios de ellosy la incorporación de sus militantes a la vida civil. Luego, la fuerte confrontacióndel Estado al narcoterrorismo y al narcotráfico que no sólo acabó conalgunos de sus capos y puso en la cárcel a otros sino que, contradictoriamente,develó su presencia en las redes mismas del poder gubernamental en el recienteenjuiciamiento al presidente Samper. Por último, el proceso que condujoa la elección de los miembros de la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente yel significado que tiene la nueva constitución; aunque haya en la actualidadintentos de contrarreforma.
China: ¿Amigo o Enemigo?
Authors: C. Hsiang Antonio
Published: January 2018

El ensayo investiga el papel que la República Popular de China desempeñará en la época de la posguerra fría. El autor sostiene que China planteará el desafio mas vigoroso para la hegemonía estadounidense, basado en la teoría de la "Transición del poder". Por eso, tanto para México como para otros países de América Latina, China en el futuro, sería un objetivo apropiado para la diversificación de sus actividades políticas y económicas.
La Naturaleza y las Religiones de Origen Africano
Authors: Arguelles Mederos Aníbal
Published: January 2018

El presente texto es un trabajo exploratorio y expositivo acerca de las religionesde origen africano y su relación con la naturaleza. Se describe la cosmogonía de lasreligiones africanas, partiendo desde la explicación de los principios del mundo, hasta surelación con los seres humanos, la práctica de sus ceremonias y el usode los elementosnaturales como parte de su experiencia con los dioses.
Desarrollo Económico, Diferenciación Espacial y Población del Estado de México, 1950-1990
Authors: Sánchez Sergio Gutíerrez
Published: January 2018

Se caracterizan los cambios económicos y la transición demográfica del estadode México, estudiando la interacción entre estas dos variables. Asimismo se describen loscambios económicos y las tendencias poblacionales analizando urbanización, población,estructura, migración, mortalidad y fecundidad, considerando un periodo de análisis queva de 1950 a 1990, suficiente para observar la tendencia actual y del futuro inmediato enel estado de México.
Elementos de Análisis para la Revaloración de la Producción Tradicional
Authors: Patiño Juan Carlios
Published: January 2018

Se analiza la viabilidad de las formas productivas tradicionales, haciendoparticular énfasis en la etnorregión mazahua del Estado de México, y bajo la premisa deque un sistema productivo no subsiste si no contiene un grado de eficiencia suficiente parajustificarse. Se pretende discutir y discernir algunos aspectos de la actividad económicaque \levan a cabo ciertas comunidades indígenas, distinguiendo elementos que permitanun acercamiento hacia el rescate y revaloración de sistemas productivos vigentes que seoponen a proyectos de modernización propios de la cultura occidental. Se cuestionan laspolíticas oficiales orientadas hacia la "modernización" del campo, propiamente en lascomunidades indígenas.
La Corrupción como Resultado de la Desorganización Social
Authors: Posse Fragoso Juan Luis
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo se enfoca al análisis del fenómeno de la corrupción comoresultado de un complejo proceso que implica la conjugación de múltiples factores paramanifestarse como un hecho in te gral en el contexto so cial. Estos factores se analizan porseparado para establecer las causas que provocan la aparición de la corrupción en cada nivel ya su vez establece sus puntos de convergencia. La aceptación de la multicausalidad de losfenómenos sociales es consecuencia de la innegable interrelación existente en el entorno de lavida humana de los factores: sociales, políticos, psicológicos y administrativos. En estesentido, pretendo lejos de parcializar teóricamente la visión gen eral del problema, descubrirlas causas comunes que se reflejan en la desorganización de la sociedad y que son las querealmente desencadenan la aparición del fenómeno en estudio.
El Mito de la Calidad en la Educación Superior: Colonización de la Esfera de lo Privado en lo Público
Authors: Ramírez Martínez Rosa María
Published: January 2018

El artículo presenta una tesis cen tral en torno a las iniciativas que en el sec toreducativo se han dado en nombre de la elevación de la calidad del servicio y de la evaluación:la apuesta por la calidad oculta en realidad una forma de colonización de la esfera de lo privadoen lo público; se pretende generar una dinámica más acorde con el sec tor privado en laeducación su pe rior, en detrimento de las funciones sociales que le corresponden.
Cultura, Símbolos y Significados en la Etnicidad Otomí
Authors: Ramírez Torres Juan Luis
Published: January 2018

Las innovaciones culturales en los grupos indígenas, en más de una ocasión, son interpretadas como factores que propician la pérdida de la etnicidad, ante ello, el presente trabajo ofrece una perspectiva que subraya el papel actuante de las sociedades indias, y en donde las innovaciones culturales no son exclusivamente sinónimas de aculturación y abandono de la identidad, sino que también implican un proceso de resignificación de los símbolos culturales heredadados con el objeto de adecuarse, en tanto que unidad social específica, a las nuevas condiciones que la historia les presenta. Para ilustrar esto se recurre a la descripción etnográfica del caso otomí en el Estado de México, analizando la permanencia de símbolos específicos y su relación con la reproducción étnica a nivel local.
IDEOLOGIA E POLÍTICA NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA HEGEMONIA
Authors: Santos Paulo Roberto Felix dos
Published: January 2018

Diante do contexto atual de reordenamento estrutural e superestrutural das estratégias de hegemonia do capital, entendemos que esse processo traz consequências nos campos da ideologia e da política. Assim, buscamos problematizar, a partir da obra de Gramsci, essas categorias e a relação com os processos de constituição da hegemonia burguesa. Ao considerarmos a hegemonia como a capacidade intelectual e moral que um grupo tem sobre outros grupos sociais, a burguesia tem exercido um importante papel de direção e construção de consensos, o que têm limitado – mas não impossibilitado integralmente – a construção de uma alternativa contra-hegemônica. Entender como se processam essas estratégias e buscar formas de resistência se colocam como uma condição sine qua non de enfrentamento dessa realidade.
LA PRECARIZACIÓN DEL TRABAJO DOCENTE EN EL SISTEMA EDUCACIONAL CHILENO
Authors: Cavieres Paulina Sofía Santibáñez , Cifuentes Gilda Katherine Muñoz
Published: January 2018

O atual panorama social do Chile é complexo, caracterizado pelas políticas econômicas e sociais baseadas na ideologia neoliberal, implementadas desde os anos 80. O anterior sugere que direitos fundamentais como saúde, educação e previdência, sejam abandonados pelo Estado que se manifesta como subsidiário e não como garantidor desses direitos, tendo como objetivo principal o fortalecimento do livre mercado em todas as áreas possíveis. Considerando a situação de crise em que se encontra a educação chilena e em referência ao trabalho docente, o seguinte artigo pretende analisar os processos históricos que configuram as atuais condições laborais dos professores, para poder refletir de forma crítica sobre a recente Lei de Carrera Profesional Docente (ano 2016) aprovado pelo governo, mas amplamente criticada pelo grêmio docente. A metodologia implementada neste artigo consistiu na revisão de documentos legais, artigos e revistas dos movimentos docentes.
Hubungan Usia Hamil dengan Kejadian Abortus di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mungkid Kabupaten Magelang Tahun 2012
Authors: Ananti Yustina , Hanafi Muh. , Susilowati C.H. Sri
Published: January 2018

Background : Abortion is more common in women aged over 30 years and increases at the age above 35 years. There is a relationship with the incidence of maternal age abortion (miscarriage) is one of the causes of bleeding that occurs in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.

Objective : Determine the relationship of maternal age with the incidence of abortion.

Method : This research is the type of analytical survey, using a case-control design. The number of samples in this study were 77 respondents.

Results : There are maternal age relationship with the incidence of abortion in Puskesmas Mungkid Magelang Regency in the results of the x2 count of 41.627 41.627> 3.841 (Table x2) and Contingency Coefficient is equal to 0.592.

Conclusions : There are maternal age relationship with the incidence of abortion.
Pengaruh Infusa Daun Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Shigella dysenteriae Secara In Vitro
Authors: Nadifah Fitri , Fatimah Siti , Lamablawa Indah Yuliana Barekola
Published: January 2018

Background: Bacteria Shigella dysenteriae is pathogenic bacterium which cause diarrheal diseases that enter into inside the body through intestine. Shigella dysenteriae constitute one of the gram negative bacterium which causes inflammation on intestinal, pain abdominal, tenesmus, and a bowel movements which accompanied with blood and mucus. Bad impact irational use of synthethic drugs and antibiotics can cause organ damage and germs resistance. Utilization of herbs as traditional medicine evolving rapidly and alternatively used by most. Traditional medicine has relatively low of side effect and affordable prices. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) is a plant which is ordinary used as a traditional medicine that can easily found around Indonesian islands. Sambiloto constitute one of the medicinal plants which is allegedly has the antibacterial effect because its chemical content of flavonoid saponins and tannin.

The objective of this study is to know the influence of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) leaves infuse against the growth of Shigella dysenteriae bacteria.

Method: This is an experimental research using diffusion method. Statistical test who used namely analysis of variant one road (One Way anova). Analysis data were done descriptively and statistically and presented with of tables or graphs.

Results: There is influence of sambiloto leaf infusa (Andrographis paniculata Nees) against the growth of Shigella dysenteriae bacteria in vitro with a mean diameter zone of radical on concentrations the smallest 20% is 12 mm and the greatest concentration 100% is 24.3 mm.

Conclusion: Infuse leaf has a strong and positive influence in inhibit the growth of bacteria Shigella dysenteriae bacterium.
Hubungan Antara Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat dengan Kejadian Pneumonia pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Mlati II Yogyakarta
Authors: Fitrianingsih Nining , Huriah Titih , Muryati Sri
Published: January 2018

Background: The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2006 stated, pneumonia is the most important child killer. Every year, more than 2 million children die from pneumonia, means that 1 in 5 infants died in the world. Health status is not only determined by health service, but the most dominant are environment and people’s behavior. One efffort to change people’s behavior, in order to support the improvement of health is by implemented of Clean And Healthy Life Behavior Program.

Aim: To know the correlation between the behavior of clean and healthy life with incident pneumonia in children in the work area of Mlati II Primary Health Center Yogyakarta.

Methods: The reseach method used an analytical survey research with cross sectional survey design. Total population in this study were 2.243 childrens, while the technical sampling is done with cluster techniques obtained as 96 samples of  children. Statistical tests used chi square and than analized the relationship using Prevalence Ratio (PR).

Results:Result showed p value = 0.000 and PR = 2.88 on the relationship between the incidence of pneumonia with clean and healthy life behavior. Exclusive breastfeeding variables showed p value 0.00 and PR = 3.811. Variabel wash hand shows the results p value 0.034 and PR= 1.277. Variable smoking habits of family members is p value 0.026. and PR = 9.831.

Conclusion: There are relation between the behavior of clean and healthy life, exclusive breastfeeding, hand washing with soap and smoking habits of family members with the incidence of pneumonia.
Hubungan Pemberian Susu Formula dengan Kejadian Diare pada Bayi 0-6 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tegalrejo Kabupaten Magelang Provinsi Jawa Tengah Tahun 2013
Authors: Sari Fatimah , Rahayu Tri Budi
Published: January 2018

Background : Babies who consume complementary feeding (MP-ASI) before the age of 6 months, are more prone of diarrhea, constipation, cough, runny nose, and heat than infants who are solely breastfed exclusively and get MP-ASI in a timely manner. When infant formula given to the baby instead of breast milk, side effects often affect with the baby's health.

Method: This research is using analytical survey method, using the approach of cross-sectional survey, to explore how health phenomenon that happens, then analyzing the dynamics of the correlation between risk factors and factor in the effects of time together. The population in this study were infants aged 0-6 months in Puskesmas Tegalrejo Magelang. Proportional sampling method with random sampling and the number of samples in this study were 79 respondents.

Results : There is a relationship between infant formula feeding with the incidence of diarrhea in infants 0-6 months infant formula given in the Work Area Health Center Tegalrejo Magelang regency with p value 0.000.

Conclusion : There is a relationship between formula feeding with diarrhea in infants 0-6 months in the given formula. In other words, formula feeding in infants 0-6 months increase the risk of diarrhea in babies.
Persentase Pediculosis capitis pada Anak Usia 9-12 Tahun di RW XI Kampung Gampingan Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Muhajir Nurlaili Farida , Arisandi Desto , Prasetyaningsih Yuliana
Published: January 2018

Background : Pediculosis capitis disease can be found all over the world without the restrictions of age, gender, race, economic status, and social status. Pediculosis capitis mainly affects young children and quickly spread in a dense environment such as dorm, orphanages, large cities and densely populated elementary school with bad hygiene, such behavior is rarely clean the hair. Factors that can help spread Pediculus humanus capitis infestation is socio-economic factors, level of knowledge, personal hygiene, environment, and individual characteristics (age, hair length, and hair type).

Methods : This was descriptive study. The population in this study was children who were stayed in kampung Gampingan kota Yoyakarta. Sample was taken by  purposive sampling with  criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The instrument used laboratory examination about Pediculus humanus capitis with direct  examination. Analysis of data used univariate analysis.

Result & Conclusion : Pediculosis capitis children who have age 9-12 years in Kampung Gampingan RW XI Yogyakarta was 86.84%.
Pengaruh Infusa Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava Linn.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli Secara In Vitro
Authors: Nadifah Fitri , Fatimah Siti , Susanti Lisa
Published: January 2018

Background: Diarrhea is still a major health problem in Indonesia. This is due to the lack of knowledge about society hygiene and sanitation as well as there are still many people who haven't got health access. Guava (Psidium guajava) is a plant that has long been known by locals as traditional medicine. Some research has shown that extracts of the guava flesh is effective as an antidiarrheal. In addition, guava possessed efficacy as an anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial and analgesic.

Objective: To determine the effect of various concentrations of guava infusion leaves inhibiting E. coli growth in vitro.

Methods: Third, fourth and fifth leaf from the tip were used as the materials. Leaves infusion concentration used was 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. Each concentration infusion loaded into wells of Mueller-Hinton (MH) agar media. Radical zone around the wells measured as bacterial growth inhibition. The data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVAs).

Results: There is the influence of infusion of guava leaves (Psidium guajava) on the growth of E. coli in vitro with a mean diameter of the smallest concentration of radicals zone which is 20% of 15.3 mm and the greatest concentration of 100% by 22 mm.

Conclusion: Infusion of guava leaves have a strong influence in inhibiting E. coli growth as it has antibacterial chemical components.
Analisis Kualitatif Rhodamin B pada Kue Ku yang Beredar di Pasar Tradisional Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Astuti Dian Wuri , Lestari Suryani Dwi
Published: January 2018

Background : A food additive used to obtain food products that taste delicious, attractive, durable, easy in its distribution. Food additives that are often used in society is dye. Many fraud by producers to attract consumers such as the use of non-food grade dyes or food grade with doses exceeding the rules. Rhodamine B is a dangerous synthetic dyes are often added to foods as a dye. Kue Ku is made from a mixture of potatoes, coconut milk, glutinous rice flour, salt, sugar and red dye. The red color on my cake due to the addition of the dye rhodamine B. The use of rhodamine B can cause negative impacts on the health of consumers, thus attracting researchers to examine the presence of rhodamine B dye on my cake circulating in traditional markets Sleman, Yogyakarta.

Method : The method is a descriptive study with the aim to describe or illustrate the existence of rhodamine B on kue Ku  samples circulating in traditional markets Sleman, Yogyakarta. The method used for laboratory test is by thin-layer chromatography.

Results : In this study showed 15,38% of Kue Ku samples have been investigated positive for rhodamine B.

Conclusion : There dye rhodamine B on Kue Ku circulating in traditional markets Sleman, Yogyakarta.
Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kubis (Brassica oleracea var.capitata f.alba) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli Secara In Vitro
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Prasetyaningsih Yuliana , Amelia Riska
Published: January 2018

Background :. Escherichia coli is a bacteria cause of infections such as diarhea and urinary tractus infection. Antibiotic used for treatment of diarhea and urinary tractus infection include ampicilin, penicilin G, amoxicilin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulbenicin. These antibiotic are often used, but it has some side effects as well as the emergence of resistance. Treatment with minimal effects and does not cause mildew resistance continue to alternative antibacteria. Cabbage leaf is a vegetable which contains flavonoid, saponin, polifenol, and tanin that are antibacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine antibacteria effectivity ethanol extract of cabbage leaf (Brassica oleracea var.capitata f.alba) againts Escherichia coli bacteria in vitro.

Method : This research is an experimental study with the method of diffusion (Kirby Bauer). Escherichia coli bacteria isolated obtained from Medical Laboratory Technology of Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta. Ethanol extract obtained through maseration extraction method and the concentration used were 60%, 70%, 80%, 80%, 90%, and 100%. Analysis of the research results in table and narration.

Results : The results of inhibition zone is formed at a concentration of 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% respectively are 11,33 mm, 12,33 mm, 13 mm, 14,33 mm, and 15 mm.).

Conclusion : Ethanol extract of cabbage leaf (Brassica oleracea var.capitata f.alba) are antibacteria againts Escherichia coli bacteria with strong category in (10-20 mm).
Hubungan Pekerjaan dan Penghasilan dengan Konsumsi Minuman Keras pada Remaja di Ngemplak Seneng Manisrenggo Klaten Jawa Tengah
Authors: Santoso Teguh , Yuniarti Falasifah Ani , Rossida Rossida
Published: January 2018

Background: Alcohol consumption in the world at 2015 in the amount of 6.3 litter pure alcohol, the consumer average of age around above 15 years old. Drinking alcohol underage has impact on physical and mental disorders.

Purpose: Knowing the relation between employment and income with alcohol consumption in adolescents at Ngemplak Seneng Manisrenggo Klaten Cental Java.

Research method: This is a quantitative descriptive study with cross-sectional design. In this used total sampling, 35 subjects participating. Data obtained using question and analyzed by using Chi Square and multiple Regression.

Result: Employment (31.4%), income (40.0%), and alcohol consumption (62.9%). From statistical analysis, employment with alcohol consumption shows the p value (0.011) and income with alcohol consumption (0.006). The result from employment and income with alcohol consumption shows the r value (0.819).

Conclusion: There is a significant relation between employment and income with alcohol consumption in adolescents.
Hubungan Perilaku Makan dan Konsumsi Tablet Fe dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Ibu Hamil di Kabupaten Fakfak Papua Barat
Authors: Nugroho Kristiawan P.A. , Merdekawati Windu , Hekakaya Julia Mariyani
Published: January 2018

Background: Anemia is associated with a condition of blood deficiency or low red blood cell count. Anemia during pregnancy is important to note because it concerns public health, especially maternal and child health.

Objective: This study was to determine the relationship between eating behavior, iron tablet consumption, and anemia incidence in pregnant women in three Health Center (Puskesmas) in Fakfak district, West Papua.

Methods: This study used quantitative method with cross sectional study design. The total samples were 55 respondents from Fakfak Kota Health Center, Dulanpokpok Health Center, and Danaweria Health Center.

Results: Not all pregnant women were found to be regularly taking Fe tablets with a significance value of Chi-Square test of 0.001, so that unregulary consumption of Fe tablets can affect the incidence of anemia in pregnant women.

Conclusion: There is a relationship of consumption of Fe tablets with anemia during pregnancy, not eating behavior.
Çin Mitolojisindeki Kadın Karakterler: Shan Hai Jing Eseri Üzerinden Bir İnceleme
Authors: YILMAZ Didem
Published: January 2018

Bu makalenin konusu Çin’in ilk coğrafya eseri olarak bilinen Shan Hai Jing (Dağlar ve Denizler Klasiği) üzerinden antik dönem Çin kültürünün incelenmesidir. Eser, temelde bir coğrafya kitabı olmakla beraber tarih, etnoloji, mitoloji, din, zooloji, botanik, mineral bilimi ve tıp gibi farklı alanlarda birçok bilgi içermektedir. Yazarı ve yazıldığı dönem yaklaşık iki bin yıldır tartışılagelen Dağlar ve Denizler Klasiği, içeriğinin zenginliği nedeniyle de bilim dünyasında halen gündemde olmayı sürdürmektedir. On sekiz bölümden oluşan eserde bilimsel icat ve uygulamalar, cerrahiden koruyucu hekimliğe uzanan geleneksel tıp, mit ve efsaneler, bu mit ve efsanelere karışmış gerçek tarihsel olaylar, dini inançlar ve büyücülük vb. geniş bir konu yelpazesinde ayrıntılı bilgiler bulmak mümkündür. Bu çalışmada; Shan Hai Jing'in zengin içeriği ile birlikte Antik Çin kültüründe kadın ve kadına yaklaşım ayrıntılı bir biçimde incelenecektir.
Menggagas Penerapan Pengajaran Tentang Akhir Zaman Dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen Di Tingkat Sekolah Dasar Dan Menengah Pertama
Authors: Utomo Bimo Setyo
Published: January 2018

Eskatologi, khususnya dalam tradisi gereja kita merupakan salah satu topik yang terabaikan. Bahkan dalam pendidikan agama kristen di sekolah, kita dapat melihat tidak ada topik khusus mengenai eskatologi.Topik tentang eskatologi sangat penting untuk diajarkan kepada siswa di sekolah agar mereka dapat mempersiapkan diri dengan sebaik-baiknya untuk menyambut kedatangan Tuhan Yesus yang kedua kali. Dalam pengajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) di sekolah, seharusnya topik atau pelajaran ini mendapat perhatian dan alokasi waktu yang cukup. Melalui topik atau pelajaran ini diharapkan dapat memperkuat keimanan siswa; menolong siswa untuk merubah sikap yang tidak sesuai dengan kehendak Allah dan menanamkan dalam diri siswa bahwa kelak Tuhan Yesus akan datang untuk yang kedua kalinya. Eschatology, particularly in the tradition of our church is one of the neglected topic. Even, in Christian religious education in schools, we can see there is no specific topic about eschatology.The topic of eschatology is very important to be taught to students in schools, so that they can prepare as well as possible for the Lord Jesus' second coming.This topic should have received attention and allocation on sufficient time. This topic is expected to strengthen students’faith, helping them exchanging attitudes which are not in accordance with the will of God and convince that one day the Lord Jesus shall come.
A Qualitative Evaluation of Contact Centre Dietitian Support and Electronic Motivational Messaging for eaTracker My Goals Users
Authors: Lieffers Jessica R.L. , Haresign Helen , Mehling Christine , Arocha Jose F. , Hanning Rhona M.
Published: January 2018

Purpose: To conduct a qualitative evaluation of adjunct supports (brief motivational messaging regarding goals delivered by email/website, contact centre dietitian assistance) offered by EatRight Ontario (ERO) for users of a website-based nutrition/activity goal setting/tracking feature (eaTracker “My Goals”).

Methods: One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with My Goals users in Ontario (n = 18) and Alberta (n = 5) recruited via the eaTracker website and ERO contact centre dietitians (n = 5). Interview transcripts were analyzed using content analysis.

Results: Participants had mixed experiences and perspectives with ERO motivational messaging. Messages targeted towards specific goals (e.g., tips, recipes) were generally well-liked, and generic messages (e.g., eaTracker login reminders) were less useful. No interviewed users had contacted ERO dietitians regarding goals, and dietitians reported encountering few callers asking for assistance while using My Goals. Limited user knowledge was one explanation for this finding. Participants provided suggestions to enhance these supports.

Conclusion: Electronic motivational messaging and contact centre dietitian assistance have the potential to support achievement of goals set with website-based features. When considering using electronic messaging, researchers and practitioners should consider message content and delivery tailoring. Marketing that focuses on how contact centre dietitians can assist website users with their goals is needed when services are used in naturalistic settings.
STANDARDIZATION OF EFFECTIVE DOSE OF FOWL CHOLERA VACCINE IN PIGEON IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Islam M. T. , Ali M. H. , Chandra A. , Saha S. , Islam M. A.
Published: January 2018

An experiment was conducted to determine the effective dose of formalin killed (FK) fowl cholera (FC) vaccines prepared with virulent avian Pasteurella multocida (PM 38) serotype 1 (X-73) collected from the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, BAU, Mymensingh. To determine the effective dose of vaccine, 7 weeks old 30 pigeons were immunized and each group consists of 5 birds. The groups are represented by A, B, C, D, E and F. The birds belonging to groups (A-E) were vaccinated with different doses of vaccine, after two weeks of first, second immunization and challenge experiment, blood was collected from all vaccinated birds, and serum was analyzed to determine antibody titer against P. multocida by passive hemagglutination test (PHA). The PHA titer after two weeks of first vaccination were 16±3.92, 17.6±3.92, 25.6±3.92, 32±8.76, 35.2±7.84 of group A,B,C,D and E, respectively at the dose of 0.2ml (0.26×108 CFU)/birds, 0.4ml (0.5×108 CFU)/birds, 0.8 ml (1.04×108 CFU)/birds, 1ml (1.3×108 CFU)/birds, respectively. The PHA titer of prevaccination and control birds was <4. The PHA titer after 2 weeks of second vaccination or boostering were 32±8.76, 35.2±7.84, 44.8±7.84, 57.6±18.66, 70.4±15.68, of group A,B,C,D and E, respectively. After 2 weeks of challenge infection, the mean PHA titer were 44.8±7.84, 51.2±7.84, 70.4±15.68, 102.4±15.68 and 140.8±31.34 of group A,B,C,D and E, respectively. In this experiment, the antibody titer of the vaccinated pigeons with 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1ml per bird via intramuscular route were higher than that of the pigeons vaccinated with 0.4ml/bird, 0.6ml/bird, 0.8ml/bird and 1ml/bird were satisfactory in terms of protective potential against P. multocida. For prevention and control of avian pasteurellosis 0.4ml to o.6ml (0.52×108 CFU to 0.78×108 CFU)/birds of vaccine may be used instead of 1ml (1.3×108 CFU)/birds for better immunization of pigeon against fowl cholera infection.
IMPROVEMENT OF CARBON-TO-NITROGEN (C/N) RATIO BY MAKING CASSAVA LEAF SILAGE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN DIGESTIBILITY IN GOAT
Authors: Noviadi R. , Zairiful Zairiful , Candra A. A.
Published: January 2018

The study has been conducted in the laboratory and goats pen of the Department of Animal Husbandry, State Polytechnic of Lampung, Indonesia. The study lasted for six months with complete randomized design four treatments and six replications.  A total of 24 local goats were used in this study. Treatment applied P1 = Silase with C / N ratio 17.88; P3 = Silage with C / N ratio 19.88; P2 = Silage with C / N ratio 18.88; and P4 = Silage with C / N ratio of 20.88. The observed variables of physical quality, nutrition, and nutrient apparent digestibility of cassava leaves silage. The result was material composition with C / N = 18,88 yielding physical characteristic of cassava leaves silage and the best nutrient apparent digestibility.
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM MILK, BEEF AND CHICKEN MEAT IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Rahman M. A. , Rahman A. K. M. A. , Islam M. A. , Alam M. M.
Published: January 2018

Food-borne pathogens causing infections and intoxications can affect everyone. Escherichia (E) coli is one of the major food borne bacterial pathogens. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of E. coli in milk, chicken meat and beef and to determine the multi-drug resistance profile of E. coli in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh. A total of 169 samples including milk (n=108), chicken meat (n=51) and beef (n=10) were collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) dairy farm, American dairy farm, Gazipur and retail markets of municipal area during July 2016 to June 2017. E. coli were isolated and identified by  colony characteristics on selective agar like Eosine-methylene blue (EMB) agar, Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar, Gram staining, biochemical test and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The overall prevalence of E. coli in all food samples was 37.86%. A total of 32 (29.63%) milk, 25 (49.02%) chicken meat and 07 (70%) beef samples were E. coli positive through conventional method. Among 64 samples only 23 samples (35.94%) were confirmed by PCR. Multi-drug resistant E. coli were detected by disc diffusion test using 10 commonly used antibiotics. Antibiogram study showed that E. coli isolated from chicken meat were resistant to oxytetracycline (92%), sulphonamide-trimethoprim (84%), amoxycillin (76%) and erythromycin (60%). E. coli isolated from beef sample were resistant to erythromycin (85.71%) and oxytetracycline (71.43%) and sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100%), gentamicin (100%) and neomycin (100%). However, all isolates of E. coli were found sensitive to amikacin (100%). E. coli isolated from milk sample were 100% sensitive to gentamicin followed by neomycin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, oxytetracycline and erythromycin. Overall 50% of E. coli isolates of food were found multi-drug resistant. About 28.13%, 57.14% and 76% of the E. coli isolates originated from milk, beef and chicken meat respectively were multi-drug resistant. The higher prevalence of E. coli in chicken meat, beef and milk indicates unhygienic production and processing of these foods. Presence of multi-drug resistant E. coli in these foods might pose serious public health threats. The antibiogram profile of the isolates will help therapeutic decision making in the treatment of colibacillosis in cattle and poultry in Bangladesh.
Living Mulch Performance in a Tropical Cotton System and Impact on Yield and Weed Control
Authors: Bhaskar Vinay , Bellinder Robin , DiTommaso Antonio , Walter Michael
Published: January 2018

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a major crop in the Vidarbha region of central India. The vertisol soils on which much of the cotton is grown have been severely degraded by the tropical climate, excessive tillage and depletion of organic matter. Living mulches have the ability to mitigate these problems but they can cause crop losses through direct competition with the cotton crop and unreliable weed control. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at four locations in Vidarbha to study the potential for growing living mulches in mono-cropped cotton. Living mulch species evaluated included gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp.], sesbania [Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr.], sorghum sudan grass [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. Drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet & Harlan] and sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.). Living mulch height was controlled through mowing and herbicides were not used. Living mulches generated 1 to 13 tons ha−1 of dry matter across sites and years. Weed cover was negatively correlated with both living mulch biomass and cover. Where living mulches were vigorous and established quickly, weed cover was as low as 7%, without the use of herbicides, or inter-row tillage. In a dry year, living mulch growth had a negative impact on cotton yield; however, in a year when soil moisture was not limiting, there was a positive relationship between cotton yield and living mulch biomass. Use of living mulches in cotton production in the Vidarbha region of India is feasible and can lead to both effective weed suppression and acceptable cotton yields.
Gelatin-Enabled Microsensor for Pancreatic Trypsin Sensing
Authors: Banis George , Beardslee Luke , Ghodssi Reza
Published: January 2018

Digestive health is critically dependent on the secretion of enzymes from the exocrine pancreas to the duodenum via the pancreatic duct. Specifically, pancreatic trypsin is a major protease responsible for breaking down proteins for absorption in the small intestine. Gelatin-based hydrogels, deposited in the form of thin films, have been studied as potential sensor substrates that hydrolyze in the presence of trypsin. In this work, we (1) investigate gelatin as a sensing material; (2) develop a fabrication strategy for coating sensor surfaces; and (3) implement a miniaturized impedance platform for measuring activity levels of pancreatic trypsin. Using impedance spectroscopy, we evaluate gelatin’s specificity and rate of degradation when exposed to a combination of pancreatic enzymes in neutral solution representative of the macromolecular heterogeneity present in the duodenal environment. Our findings suggest gelatin’s preferential degradation to trypsin compared to enzymes such as lipase and amylase. We further observe their interference with trypsin behavior in equivalent concentrations, reducing film digestion by as much as 83% and 77%, respectively. We achieve film patterns in thicknesses ranging from 300–700 nm, which we coat over interdigitated finger electrode sensors. Finally, we test our sensors over several concentrations to emulate the range of pancreatic secretions. Ultimately, our microsensor will serve as the foundation for developing in situ sensors toward diagnosing pancreatic pathologies.
P(VDF-TrFE) Film on PDMS Substrate for Energy Harvesting Applications
Authors: Kim Soaram , Towfeeq Itmenon , Dong Yongchang , Gorman Sean , Rao Apparao , Koley Goutam
Published: January 2018

We have developed and demonstrated a highly flexible P(VDF-TrFE) film-based energy harvesting device on a PDMS substrate, avoiding any complex composites and patterned structures. The structural and electrical properties of the P(VDF-TrFE) film was investigated using multiple characterization techniques and an optimized film of 7 µm thickness was used for the energy harvesting application. The device, with Ti/Ni metal contacts, was driven by a shaker providing an acceleration of 1.75 g, and frequencies varying from 5 to 30 Hz. The energy harvesting performance of the final fabricated device was tested using the shaker, and resulted in a maximum output capacitor voltage of 4.4 V, which successfully powered a set of 27 LEDs after several minutes of charging.
Operation Loop-Based Optimization Model for Resource Allocation to Military Countermeasures versus Probabilistic Threat
Authors: Wan Chunqi , Zhang Xiaoxiong , Zhao Qingsong , Yang Kewei
Published: January 2018

Weapons development planning is an unstructured and complex multi-criteria decision-making problem, especially in antagonistic environments. In this paper, the defender’s decision was modelled as a high complexity non-linear optimization problem with limited resources. An operation loop with realistic link rules was first proposed to model the cooperation relationships among weapons in the defense system. The system dynamics principle was used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the nodes in a complex weapons network. Then, we used cumulative threat and development risk to measure different planning solutions by considering the opponent and uncertainties in the development process. Next, an improved Differential Evolution (DE) and Non-Dominated Sorting Differential Evolution (NSDE) were designed to determine the optimal planning solutions for a single objective and multi-objective. The compromise solution, based on the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), was used to evaluate the Pareto solution set of the multi-objective. Finally, an illustrative case was studied to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed model.
Evaluation of Handheld Scanners for Automotive Applications
Authors: Ameen Wadea , Al-Ahmari Abdulrahman , Hammad Mian Syed
Published: January 2018

The process of generating a computerized geometric model for an existing part is known as Reverse Engineering (RE). It is a very useful technique in product development and plays a significant role in automotive, aerospace, and medical industries. In fact, it has been getting remarkable attention in manufacturing industries owing to its advanced data acquisition technologies. The process of RE is based on two primary steps: data acquisition (also known as scanning) and data processing. To facilitate point data acquisition, a variety of scanning systems is available with different capabilities and limitations. Although the optical control of 3D scanners is fully developed, still several factors can affect the quality of the scanned data. As a result, the proper selection of scanning parameters, such as resolution, laser power, shutter time, etc., becomes very crucial. This kind of investigation can be very helpful and provide its users with guidelines to identify the appropriate factors. Moreover, it is worth noting that no single system is ideal in all applications. Accordingly, this work has compared two portable (handheld) systems based on laser scanning and white light optical scanning for automotive applications. A car door containing a free-form surface has been used to achieve the above-mentioned goal. The design of experiments has been employed to determine the effects of different scanning parameters and optimize them. The capabilities and limitations have been identified by comparing the two scanners in terms of accuracy, scanning time, triangle numbers, ease of use, and portability. Then, the relationships between the system capabilities and the application requirements have been established. The results revealed that the laser scanner performed better than the white light scanner in terms of accuracy, while the white light scanner performed better in terms of acquisition speed and triangle numbers.