bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Représentations écologiques et fonctionnelles dans une tâche de combinaison chez l'adulte
Authors: Mariné Claudette , Escribe Christian , Boudes Nicole
Published: November 2007

Résumé

En référence au modèle de la pensée naturelle de Reuchlin, cette étude teste l'hypothèse d'une pluralité de modes de représentation et de traitement chez l'adulte dans une tâche de combinaison.

L'échantillon est composé de 22 élèves d'une école de manipulateur en électroradiologie médicale, en fin d'étude. L'épreuve comporte quatre exercices de combinaison de difficulté croissante. Pour chaque exercice, deux contextes sont proposés : l'un Abstrait (noms de couleurs), l'autre Concret (noms d'objets courants ou professionnels).

La comparaison des données en fonction du contexte fait apparaître que les performances et le nueau d'organisation des procédures se détériorent dans les exercices « Concret ». On observe également que les combinaisons significativement connotées sont produites plus systématiquement que les autres. Ces effets diminuent avec l'augmentation de difficultés des exercices.

Mots clés : représentation écologique, représentation fonctionnelle, procédures, combinaison.
Les structures de performance en français : caractérisation et prédiction
Authors: Monnin Pascal , Grosjean F.
Published: November 2007

Résumé

Les recherches réalisées jusqu'à maintenant dans le but d'étudier l'évolution de la représentation gestuelle d'actions en tant qu'activité figurative avaient des difficultés à dégager des niveaux d'évolution cohérents. De là l'hypothèse, formulée par certains auteurs, d'une évolution indépendante de ce type d'activités figuratives par rapport au développement cognitif général.

La recherche présentée ici montre que ces difficultés sont liées à l'absence de prise en compte, dans l'analyse des catégories, du signifiant et du signifié des gestes.

Les modifications introduites dans le paradigme expérimental ont permis de dégager une évolution cohérente des comportements dans un échantillon de 320 enfants âgés de 4 à 12 ans ; 4 niveaux, sont en effet observés, chacun d'eux pouvant se définir comme une structure, c'est-à-dire comme composé d'un certain nombre d'éléments reliés entre eux par des rapports hiérarchiques dans un réseau représentationnel.

Mots clés : représentation gestuelle, réseau représentationnel, activité figurative, structure.
Une synthèse critique du modèle de probabilité d'élaboration
Authors: Corneille O.
Published: November 2007

Résumé

Cet article propose une présentation critique du modèle de probabilité d'élaboration (ELM) de Petty et Cacioppo (1981, 1986). Ce modèle a conquis une place importante dans l'étude des phénomènes persuasifs. La simplicité de ses énoncés et les nombreuses recherches empiriques et appliquées auxquelles il a donné lieu ont contribué à son succès. Depuis quelques années, cependant, différentes études tendent à remettre en question la cohérence interne du modèle, et critiquent son aspect intégrateur. L'émergence récente d'une conception alternative de l'individu en Psychologie sociale est liée intimement à ce débat.

Mots clés : modèle de probabilité d'élaboration (ELM), persuasion, changement d'attitudes.
De la «cognition morale» à l'étude des stratégies du positionnement moral: aperçu théorique et controverses actuelles en psychologie morale
Authors: Bègue L.
Published: November 2007

Summary : From « moral cognition » to the study of the strategies of moral positioning : Theoretical overview and current controversies in moral psychology.

This paper provides a critical presentation of current theories on moral judgment such as they have been developed, for the main part, through north american or anglo-saxon social psychology. Six principal models and certain tools that are associated with them are analysed successively. These are : The constructivist paradigm (Kohlberg, Gilligan), as well as the controversy of sexual differences in moral judgment, the theories of socialisation, including social learning and the internalization of values (Bandura, Hoffman), and also the dialectic (Hogan) and taxonomic (Forsyth) approaches. Four broad questions, concerning the often underestimated contribution ofthe contents and context in moral evaluation are then examined : a) the place for attributory processes, h) the problem of behavioral prediction, c) the sociocultural variations of judgment, and d) the problem, essential in our view, of the strategie and ideological signijicance of moral positioning. In Une with the works of Emler and Doise, we propose to relate the study of moral judgment to the theoretical field of social representations. The question ofthe role of values in the scientific study of moral judgment is also raised.

Key words : moral judgment, differential theories, positional strategy, ideological metasystems.
Le degré d'expertise a-t-il une influence sur la perception olfactive ? Quelques éléments de réponse dans le domaine du vin
Authors: Chollet S. , Valentin Dominique
Published: November 2007

Summary : Expertise level and odour perception : What can we learn from red burgundy wines ?

We compare the olfactive dimensions used by expert and novice wine tasters to describe and categorise a series of 13 red burgundy wines. Verbal and non-verbal approaches have been used in parallel. The verbal approach included a communication task and a description task. Pairs of assessors were asked to match a series of samples based only on verbal exchanges. All the generated terms were recorded and the most frequently used terms served as a basis for the description task. The non-verbal approach included a similarity judgement task. Multivariate analyses have been used to analyse the data. Results show that (1) both groups of subjects were able to perform the communication task reasonably well and to generate a coherent set of descriptors, (2) the two groups of subjects used an equivalent number of dimensions to describe and categorise the wines, and (3) the two groups of subjects used the same dimensions for the non-verbal task, but different dimensions for the verbal task. This dissociation between verbal and non-verbal task suggests that the perceptual representation of wine is similar for the two groups of subjects but that the verbalisation of this representation varies with expertise level. Subjects with a higher level of expertise tend to use analytical ternis whereas subjects with a lower level tend to use holistic terms.

Key words : odour perception, wine expertise.
L'effet de Faux Consensus : une revue empirique et théorique
Authors: Verlhiac Jean-François
Published: November 2007

Summary : The false Consensus Effect : An empirical and theoretical review.

Individuals conceive their attitudes with regard to objects or persons as relatively common and ordinary. This well-known phenomenon is stable, general and produces for judgements a False Consensus effect. This paper is a review ofthe False Consensus literature and reports the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenom. Four general theoretical perspectives are examined : (a) logical information processing (attributive hypothesis), (b) selective exposure and cognitive availability (cognitive hypotheses), (c) salience and focus of attention (selective information treatment hypotheses), and (d) motivational processes. Within the context of this work we report the social properties of consensus judgment and stress that these judgments depend on the social conditions in which they takes place (social regulation hypothesis of judgment). More precisely, the aim of this review is to show that the social consensus perception and its underlying mechanisms, depend on individuals personal histories that are connected to social context in which they are involved.

Key words : false consensus effect, social judgment, social regulation of judgment.
Comment étudier le coût et le déroulement de la rédaction de textes ? La méthode de la triple tâche : un bilan méthodologique
Authors: Piolat Annie , Olive T.
Published: November 2007

Summary : How can the process and cost of writing texts be studied ? The triple task methodology

This methodological note has three goals. The first is to describe the various uses of the triple task paradigm (writing ; quick reactions, think aloud protocols) proposed by Kellogg (1986, 1987b) and Levy and Ransdell (1994, 1995). The dependent variables related to this paradigm are examined. The second aim is to evaluate the validity of the paradigm by measuring the task's reactivity and that of verbalisation. The third goal is to offer a short review of findings related to the use ofthe paradigm. We conclude by showing the efficacy of the triple-task paradigm for the investigation oftext writing.

Key words : writing, processes, cognitive effort, time processing, triple task.
Apprendre à partir d'exemples : abstraction de règles et/ou mémoire d'exemplaires ?
Authors: Didierjean André
Published: November 2007

Summary : Learning from examples : Rule abstraction and/or instance memorization ?

In this article we examine how questions in two different domains are similar : work on reasoning by analogy and that of implicit learning. There is a disagreement between theories that associate transfer with generalization of knowledge, and theories that associate transfer with memorization of examples. First, we present a review of research from these two domains, proposing the hypothesis that abstract rules and examples can be elaborated conjointly. Then, we show that this hypothesis is plausible with regard to work concerning the organization of knowledge in experts, and we discuss the potential type of relations between these processes. Finally, we discuss the contributions of a comparison between the domain of reasoning by analogy and that of implicit learning.

Key words : analogical reasoning, implicit learning, expertise.
Le contrôle mental des stéréotypes : enjeux et perspectives
Authors: Dumont Muriel , Yzerbyt Vincent
Published: November 2007

Summary : Mental control of stereotypes : Stakes and perspectives

The purpose of our theoretical contribution is to demonstrate the relevance of distinguishing between thought suppression and inhibition. The existing literature mistakes one for another, using both those generic terms, and displays some inconsistencies between data that are wrongly considered as resulting from one single process. We propose an analysis presented as a typology of the phenomena related to mental control. The typology includes four categories : phenomena related to « simple suppression », to « strategic suppression », to « inhibition as a result of strategic activation », and to « pure inhibition ». The first and last groups of phenomena are clearly distinct from each other, whereas the intermediate groups are more similar. We review studies on mental control with specific interest in stereotype control. These studies show that consequences differed as a function of the kind of phenomena that was involved. Theoretical and practical implications of such phenomena for social life and stereotype change are also discussed.

Key words : mental control, suppression, inhibition, stereotypes, prejudice, automaticity.
Étude des relations entre les stratégies d'adaptation aux sentiments dépressifs, la symptomatologie dépressive et les idées suicidaires chez l'adolescent
Authors: Catteau V. , Chabrol Henri
Published: November 2007

Summary : Relationships between coping strategies to face depressive feelings and the depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideations among adolescents

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationships between depressive symptomatology, suicidal ideation and coping strategies to face depressive feelings in adolescents : 382 high-school students completed a questionnaire assessing coping strategies to face depression and a questionnaire assessing depressive symptomatology and suicidal ideation. Multiple regression analyses showed that negative cognitions (rumination and self-blame) and lack of problem-focused strategies were the main predictors of the intensity of depressive symptomatology whereas depressive symptomatology and use of psychoactive substances were the main predictors of suicidal ideation for both boys and girls.

Key words : coping, depressive symptomatology, suicidal ideations, adolescents.
Les prédicteurs de l'adaptation chez l'adulte âgé
Authors: Alaphilippe Daniel , Bailly Nathalie , Gana Kamel , Martin Bettina
Published: November 2007

Summary : Predictors of the adaptation in the old adult

This research examines factors of adaptation for old person according to their stress, self-representation and social characteristics. Eight hundred and sixty-one volunteers, aged more than sixty five years old were recruited to answer a mail survey. They all belonged to a pension fund of executives. Measurements were related to locus of control, subjective age, self esteem, stressing events, tenacity, well being, satisfaction of life, boredom and health. The population appears to be in good health, well adapted, with high well-being and satisfaction of life. Adaptation appears to be determined by two factors : one relating to health, the other with the satisfaction of life and the absence of boredom. The satisfaction of life appears to be determined by self-esteem, sex, and internality.
Wundt et la fondation en 1879 de son laboratoire
Authors: Nicolas Serge
Published: November 2007

Summary: Wundt and the founding of his laboratory in 1879

The establishment of Wilhelm Wundt's Leipzig Institute for experimental psychology during the Winter Semester of 1879-1880 has been regarded as a major accomplishment in the institutionalization of psychology as a modern science. It is unfortunate that little information is available about the circumstances under which Wundt established and developped his laboratory. Only the date of 1879 has found its way into almost all histories of psychology and in many introductory books. In the first part of the paper, Wundt's early life and his call to Leipzig is presented. In the second part of the paper, the origin, development, and organization of Wundt's laboratory is chronicled. Emphasis is placed on the use of archival materials, documents, and eyewitness accounts.

Key words : Wundt, laboratory, Leipzig, Institute of experimental psychology.
La diffusion des savoirs comme devoir positiviste
Authors: Petit Annie
Published: November 2007

On montre ici que l'association enthousiaste de Saint-Simon et de Comte, puis leurs conflits, relèvent pour beaucoup de leurs options sur la diffusion de savoirs : ils partagent ce souci, mais ils n'ont pas les mêmes manières, ils ne visent pas le même public et ne cherchent pas à diffuser les mêmes choses. Comte se consacre très tôt à la diffusion systématique des savoirs et des sciences : il entreprend des cours populaires, multiplie toutes sortes d'efforts de vulgarisation ; la Société positiviste est en 1848 fondée d'abord pour cela ; Comte développe ses propos en les appuyant sur des projets institutionnels — Ecole Positiviste, clubs, bibliothèque, réflexions sur les problèmes du journalisme et de l'édition. Savoir et faire savoir deviennent même les bases de la nouvelle religion.

Les positivistes de tous bords se sont penchés sur ces questions. Emile Littré, chef des «dissidents» réservés sur le militantisme socio-religieux, se montre très soucieux de diffuser les savoirs et leurs systématisations positivistes : il mobilise les médias, fonde une revue, fait passer le positivisme dans les Dictionnaires. Les «orthodoxes» se regroupent d'abord autour de Pierre Laffitte, qui continue la tradition comtienne des traités encyclopédiques et des grands panoramas. Pour tous, la diffusion des savoirs est un devoir passionnant.
Le théâtre scientifique de Louis Figuier
Authors: Cardot Fabienne
Published: November 2007

Célèbre auteur de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, Louis Figuier (1819-1894) tenta de créer un nouveau mode de vulgarisation, le théâtre scientifique. Au faîte de son succès, entre 1877 et 1889, alors que les pièces de Jules Verne triomphent à Paris, il écrit une douzaine de pièces dont il parviendra à faire jouer quelques-unes, raillées sans pitié par la critique. Malgré cet échec, dû au moralisme et à la pédagogie sans nuance des textes, cette tentative demeure fort intéressante par le projet et l'esprit qui l'animent. Figuier veut user de tous les registres pour vulgariser les connaissances scientifiques et il choisit de mettre en scène quelques grands moments de l'histoire des sciences et des découvertes en peignant le drame de l'inventeur ou en mêlant la comédie amoureuse à la recherche des lois de la nature.
Le Roman mis à nu par la photographie, même
Authors: Grivel Charles
Published: November 2007

Photography lives from our desire for images. In relation to the craving which the invention of lithography and the inflation of printed media at the turn of the last century has nourished -even if the prohibited cost meant that its impact on journals and magazines was not felt for several decades — the question of the artistic value of photography, which occupied so many minds then, seems obsolete. Of course, this « desire for images » is anything but innocent. It implies a kind of voyeurism, an orientation towards the exposed, if not the obscene. As a first step, it is necessary to outline the discussions to which the following problem gave rise during the 19th century : the photographers asserted their right to access the classical, academicist style — normally reserved for painted — while at the same time being under attack for their enthrallment to the nude, « tomber dans le nu » (to use Zola 's words). This criticism was reinforced by the fact that the status of photography as an art form was by no means secure. As a second step, it is necessary to examine nude photography as this became available to painters in specialized anthologies and to compare this with its insertion in the frivolous, risque novels of the Belle Epoque. What becomes clear is that although its presentation, or mise en scene, in the novel was meant to imitate painting, it simultaneously exhausted theatrical techniques.
Sainte-Beuve au risque du contemporain
Authors: Chotard Loic
Published: November 2007

Plutôt que de reprendre l'éternel procès fait aux injustices de Sainte-Beuve à l'égard de tel ou tel grand écrivain de sa génération, ne vaut-il pas mieux s'interroger sur les modalités globales de son rapport au contemporain, tel surtout qu'il se définit dans ses Portraits contemporains, à partir de 1846. Rapport changeant selon que Sainte-Beuve se donne (autour de 1830) pour le maître à penser de la génération du Cénacle, ou ne cesse (à partir des années 40) de se plaindre de la «débandade» de ses anciens complices tombés dans la «littérature industrielle». L'accueil au contemporain reste alors un devoir du critique, mais le militantisme cède la place à un scepticisme pluraliste qui, non sans ironie, tient registre des ruines composites que produit journellement la modernité.
Diffuser les connaissances au XIXe siècle, un exercice délicat
Authors: Mollier Jean-Yves
Published: November 2007

Compte tenu de l'encadrement administratif et policier qui pesa sur le monde de la librairie française de 1810 à 1870, deux périodes doivent être distinguées si l'on veut mettre à nu les canaux de diffusion du progrès au XIXe siècle, l'avant et l'après IIIe République. La vraie révolution silencieuse du siècle fut celle de l'instruction universelle, mise en place en trois temps, avec les lois Guizot de 1833, Duruy de 1865-1867 et Ferry de 1881-1882. Avec la multiplication des manuels scolaires lus et étudiés par tous les enfants, le dictionnaire fut le second socle sur lequel s'édifia le mouvement de divulgation en profondeur des connaissances. Les éditions scientifiques viendront compléter cette œuvre, après 1870, mais l'on ne saurait comprendre l'extraordinaire succès de L'Astronomie populaire de Camille Flammarion en 1879 ou du Tour du Monde de Louis Hachette en 1860, voire du Grand Dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle de Pierre Larousse, en 1863-1876, sans ce travail de longue haleine de préparation des esprits au goût pour la recherche scientifique. Les collections de livres pratiques et techniques, après 1880, les bibliothèques spécialisées et les grandes revues de vulgarisation - type La Nature -s'appuieront sur cette révolution de la sensibilité qui avait été l'œuvre initiale des pédagogues, les premiers progressistes du temps des révolutions.
Les maisons de l'art. L'imaginaire du musée de peinture au XIXe siècle
Authors: Guillerm Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2007

According to the new systematisation realized after 1848, the collection of ancient paintings should offer to the visitor of the Louvre the experience of idealist extasy and the benefit of historic learning. In fact, this double aim of the museum is immediatily submitted to the critical inquiries of modernity : eclecticism of the canonic references, marginal investments, art business development... At the end of the century, the esthetic value due to the intimate and mystical experience develops an alternative imagery against classical museum. Is there a home for painting ? that is the question.
Le personnage du collectionneur au XIXe siècle : de l'excentrique à l'amateur distingué
Authors: Pety Dominique
Published: November 2007

The collector figure, analyzed from 1840 to the end of the l9th century in a large variety of literary and non-literary texts, evolves from an excentric and monomaniac type leading a cloistered life, to a fashionable connoisseur, very ken on exhibiting his possessions. This change in representation proves collecting being totally reconsidered in the period, as well as values associated to it: aristocratic and traditional values of art and art of life versus new republican values of knowledge and science. Private collections, formerly aimed at personal delight, now respond to the duty of national heritage preservation.
Le passé au présent. Balzac ou l’esprit de la collection
Authors: Mozet Nicole
Published: November 2007

This article starts from an analysis of the fictitious collections of The Human Comedy, all very different from each other: the fakes of Pierre Grassou, Eugenie's treasure, the oddities shop of La Peau de chagrin, the paintings of La Rabouilleuse and lastly the two large collections of Magus and Pons. The directing idea is that Balzac found in the act of collecting a model for his own writing : the collection is both the ideal interface between past and present and a model of an exemplary quest. It also represents a work of construction which asks some of the fundamental questions of the novel prose : how can one collect without losing the ability to invent? How can one master the quantitative and the heterogeneous? Which are the crite- rions that dictate the choice and the true arbiters of the beautiful.
Autopsie d'un décès. La critique dans la presse quotidienne de 1836 à 1891
Authors: Melmoux-Montaubin Marie-Françoise
Published: November 2007

La place et l'importance de la critique littéraire ont considérablement varié dans la presse quotidienne du XIXe siècle. Au contraire du «feuilleton» dramatique, elle ne bénéficie pas d'une périodicité régulière, était disséminée dans plusieurs rubriques («bibliographie», «feuilleton», «variétés», «nouvelles à la main», etc.) et n'avait pas un signataire attitré. En fait, la «critique» journalistique était la réunion aléatoire de textes hétéroclites, différents selon les jours, selon les pages et selon les époques aussi bien que selon les journaux. Les transformations de la presse à la fin du XIXe siècle et la naissance de l'interview littéraire ont profondément modifié son statut. Chassée des quotidiens, la critique a trouvé asile dans les revues et dans les suppléments littéraires des journaux. Cette spécialisation lui a permis de devenir un genre autonome. Mais la disparition d'articles de critique marquait un renoncement à la vocation qui fut celle des journaux pendant tout le siècle, lorsque critique littéraire et démocratie allaient de pair.
Electroactive Polymeric Networks Created by Oxidation of Oligothiophene‐Functionalized Perylene Bisimides
Authors: You C.‐C. , Espindola P. , Hippius C. , Heinze J. , Würthner F.
Published: November 2007

A series of fourfold oligothienyl‐functionalized perylene bisimides, N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,6,7,12‐tetra(4‐(7‐[2,2′]bithien‐5‐yl)‐heptanoyloxyphenoxy)perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (7a), N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,6,7,12‐tetra(4‐(7‐[2,2′;5′,2′′]terthien‐5‐yl)‐heptanoyloxyphenoxy)perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (7b), and N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐1,6,7,12‐tetra(4‐(7‐(5″‐Methyl‐[2,2′;5′,2″]terthien‐5‐yl))‐heptanoyloxyphenoxy)perylene‐3,4:9,10‐tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (7c), have been synthesized. Oligothienyl and perylene bisimide chromophores in these dyads display their characteristic optical UV/vis absorption properties. Upon excitation of the oligothiophene subunits, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) occurs to the perylene bisimide core. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that the reduction of the perylene bisimide moiety is not affected by the presence of oligothiophenes, showing two waves at around ‐0.7 and ‐1.0 V versus Ag/AgCl, respectively. On the other hand, the oxidation of the oligothienyl moieties leads to oxidative coupling for 7a and 7b, providing electroactive sexithiophene‐ and quaterthiophene‐perylene bisimide networks, respectively. Electrochemical deposition of compounds 7a,b was performed and the films were characterized using cyclic voltammetry and in situ conductance, which reveal remarkable p‐type conductivity. Significantly, two separate regimes of electrical conductance have been observed for the films generated from 7b.
Synthesis of 3‐ and 6‐Sulfonylindoles from ortho‐Alkynyl‐N‐sulfonylanilines by the Use of Lewis Acidic Transition‐Metal Catalysts
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Yamagishi Uichiro , Song Dschun , Konta Sayaka , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: November 2007

Gold‐catalyzed reactions of ortho‐alkynyl‐N‐sulfonylanilines produced the corresponding 3‐sulfonylindoles in good to high yields. For example, the reaction of N‐mesyl‐N‐methyl‐2‐(1‐pentynyl)aniline, N‐mesyl‐N‐methyl‐2‐(phenylethynyl)‐aniline, and 2‐ethynyl‐N‐mesyl‐N‐methylaniline in the presence of 10 mol % of AuBr3 in toluene at 80 °C gave 3‐mesyl‐1‐methyl‐2‐propylindole, 3‐mesyl‐1‐methyl‐2‐phenylindole, and 3‐mesyl‐1‐methylindole in 95, 92, and 71 % yield, respectively. Furthermore, we found that the reactions of 2‐alkynyl‐6‐methoxy‐N‐sulfonyl‐anilines in the presence of indium catalyst (InBr3) afforded the corresponding 6‐sulfonylindoles as the major product in good yields. For example, the reaction of 6‐methoxy‐N‐methyl‐2‐(1‐pentynyl)‐N‐tosylaniline in the presence of 5 mol % of InBr3 in toluene at 80 °C gave an 87:13 mixture of 7‐methoxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐propyl‐6‐tosylindole and 7‐methoxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐propyl‐3‐tosylindole in 95 % yield. Most probably, the gold‐catalyzed reactions of ortho‐alkynyl‐N‐sulfonylanilines proceed through a [1,3] sulfonyl migration, whereas the indium‐catalyzed cyclizations of 2‐alkynyl‐6‐methoxy‐N‐sulfonylanilines, which produce 6‐sulfonylindoles, proceed by an unprecedented [1,7] sulfonyl migration.
Indoor transformer stations as predictors of residential ELF magnetic field exposure
Authors: Ilonen K. , Markkanen A. , Mezei G. , Juutilainen Jukka
Published: November 2007

Transformer stations in apartment buildings may offer a possibility to conduct epidemiological studies that involve high exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (MF), avoid selection bias and minimize confounding factors. To validate exposure assessment based on transformer stations, measurements were performed in thirty buildings in three Finnish cities. In each building, spot measurements in all rooms and a 24‐h recording in a bedroom were performed in one apartment above a transformer station (AAT), in one first floor (FF) reference apartment, and one reference apartment on upper floors (UF). The apartment mean of spot measurements was 0.62 µT in the AATs, 0.21 µT in the FF and 0.11 µT in the UF reference apartments The 24‐h apartment mean (estimated from the spot measurements and the bedroom 24‐h recording) was 0.2 µT or higher in 29 (97%) AATs, in 7 (25%) FF and in 3 (10 %) UF reference apartments. The corresponding numbers for the 0.4 µT cut‐off point were 19 (63%), 4 (14%), and 1 (3.3%). The higher MF level in the FF reference apartments indicates that they should not be considered “unexposed” in epidemiological studies. If such apartments are excluded, a transformer station under the floor predicts 24‐h apartment mean MF with a sensitivity of 0.41 (or 0.58) and a specificity of 0.997 (or 0.97), depending on the MF cut‐off point (0.2 or 0.4 µT). The results indicate that apartments can be reliably classified as high and low MF field categories based on the known location of transformer stations. Bioelectromagnetics 29:213–218, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of the behavioral investigative support system for profiling perpetrators of serial sexual assaults
Authors: Yokota Kaeko , Fujita Goro , Watanabe Kazumi , Yoshimoto Kaori , Wachi Taeko
Published: November 2007

The authors developed a data‐based profiling system in order to support offender profiling. The system stored incident records of prior offenders. Inputting offence details of an unsolved incident, a probability score was assigned to each prior offender in the system; the score represented the behavioral similarity with the unsolved incident. The system then ranked all offenders in the system according to the probability scores, and prioritized the high‐ranked offenders as possible suspects. Moreover, the system inferred the characteristics of unknown offenders by accumulating characteristics of the high‐ranked offenders. The system achieved promising accuracy, especially for linking crimes to perpetrators. In 45 out of 81 simulation trials, the target offenders were retrieved as a rank score of 1 from among 868 sex offenders. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The CAPTURE registry: Predictors of outcomes in carotid artery stenting with embolic protection for high surgical risk patients in the early post‐approval setting
Authors: Gray William A. , Yadav Jay S. , Verta Patrick , Scicli Andrea , Fairman Ronald , Wholey Mark , Hopkins L. Nelson , Atkinson Richard , Raabe Rod , Barnwell Stanley , Green Richard
Published: November 2007

Background:

The use of carotid artery stenting with embolic protection has been practiced for over a decade in the United States, and increasingly so since carotid stenting received FDA approval in 2004. While there have been attempts at establishing predictors of outcomes in carotid artery stenting, they have generally been limited to single center experiences and/or multicenter retrospective surveys. This report examines predictors of outcomes in carotid stenting in the earliest and largest prospective multicenter neurologist‐adjudicated experience in the United States post device approval.

Methods:

The Carotid Acculink®/Accunet® Post‐Approval Trial to Uncover Unanticipated or Rare Events (CAPTURE) is a prospective, multi‐center registry conducted to assess outcomes of carotid artery stenting (CAS) in the noninvestigational setting following device approval for high surgical risk patients (symptomatic with ≥50% stenosis; asymptomatic ≥80% stenosis). A neurologist examined the patients before the procedure, at 24 hr and 30‐days post‐procedure. The primary endpoint was a composite of death, any stroke, or myocardial infarction within 30‐days post‐procedure. Strokes and neurological events suspected to be strokes were adjudicated by an independent Clinical Events Adjudication Committee (CEAC) using prespecified definitions. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine clinical, procedural, and anatomic predictors of endpoint outcomes.

Results:

Three thousand five hundred patients were enrolled at 144 sites by 353 physicians of varying specialty backgrounds and CAS experience. The 30‐day primary endpoint event rate of death, stroke and MI was 6.3% [95% CI: 5.5–7.1%], and the rate of major stroke and death 2.9% [95% CI: 2.4–3.5]. Predictors of adverse outcomes included age, symptomatic patients, predilation prior to embolic protection device placement, time from symptoms to CAS procedure, and the use of multiple stents.

Conclusions:

In general, carotid stenting is performed safely in patients with severe stenosis at high surgical risk, with best outcomes in younger asymptomatic patients. However, there are certain patient and procedural characteristics that are associated with poorer outcomes. In these patients, the risk of stenting should be considered vis‐à‐vis both the anticipated benefit as well as the alternative surgical and medical options. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unprecedented Aromatic Homolytic Substitutions and Cyclization of AmideIminyl Radicals: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Beaume Aurore , Courillon Christine , Derat Etienne , Malacria Max
Published: November 2007

Amideiminyl radicals are versatile and efficient intermediates in cascade radical cyclizations of N‐acylcyanamides. They are easily trapped by alkenes or (hetero‐)aromatic rings and cyclize into a series of new heterocyclic compounds which bear a pyrroloquinazoline moiety. As an illustration of the synthetic importance of these compounds, the total synthesis of the natural antitumor compound luotonin A was achieved through a tin‐free radical cascade cyclization process. Not only do amideiminyl radicals lead to new tetracyclic heterocycles but these nitrogen‐centered radical species also react in aromatic homolytic substitutions. Indeed, the amideiminyl radical moiety unprecedentedly displaces methyl, methoxy, and fluorine radicals from an aromatic carbon atom. This seminal reaction in the field of radical chemistry has been developed experimentally and its mechanism has additionally been investigated by a theoretical study.