bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attachment Anxiety as a Risk Factor for Subsequent Intimate Partner Violence Victimization: A 6-Month Prospective Study Among College Women
Authors: Sandberg David A. , Valdez Christine E. , Engle Jessica L. , Menghrajani Ekta
Published: May 2016

Recent research suggests that individuals with attachment difficulties are at increased risk for experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization. However, most studies conducted on this topic have been cross-sectional, leaving it unclear whether attachment difficulties actually precede this type of violence. The current 6-month prospective study examined the relation between adult attachment and subsequent IPV victimization in a sample of 133 college women. At Time 1, participants completed the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire to assess the two underlying orthogonal dimensions of adult attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and the Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire (TLEQ) to assess prior exposure to interpersonal traumatic events. At follow-up, participants completed a modified version of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) to assess IPV victimization. Results indicated that attachment anxiety was associated with an increased risk for experiencing physical assault during the 6-month follow-up period, even after statistically adjusting for prior interpersonal trauma. In contrast, attachment avoidance was unrelated to subsequent IPV victimization.
Improved forward kinematic analysis of a reptile-like four-legged walking robot using a novel dimensionality-reduction method
Authors: Wang Liangwen , Wang Caidong , Du Wenliao , Wang Xinjie , Xie Guizhong , Mu Xiaoqi
Published: May 2016

A new forward kinematic analysis is proposed to describe the motion of a reptile-like four-legged walking robot using a new dimensionality-reduction method. The three standing legs (assuming one leg is swinging) contain nine driven joints. Only six of these joints, however, are independently driven joints. The remaining joints are redundant driven joints. Finding the redundant driven joint angles has been a key problem in improved forward kinematic analysis of a reptile-like forward kinematic analysis. Solving the associated high-order equation, which is derived using the analytic method, is problematic and slow. In this paper, we use a new dimensionality reduction method to solve this problem. First, we deduced the formulas for the redundant driven joint angles. Then, one of the formulas is transformed to take into account the constraint condition. We then use iteration to find solutions for the remaining equations that satisfy the constraint condition. With the help of MATLAB, a solving system for the forward kinematic analysis of this robot is introduced. Our results show two improvements over the conventional method: shorter computation time and higher precision.
A tool for the consensual analysis of decision-making scenarios
Authors: Hunt Geoffrey , Merzeder Christine , Bischofberger Iren
Published: May 2016

The authors believe there is a need for novel ways of enhancing professional judgment and discretion in the contemporary healthcare environment. The objective is to provide a framework to guide a discursive analysis of an ongoing clinical scenario by a small group of healthcare professionals (4–12) to achieve consensual understanding in the decision-making necessary to resolve specific healthcare inadequacies and promote organisational learning. REPVAD is an acronym for the framework’s five decision-making dimensions of reasoning, evidence, procedures, values, attitudes and defences. The design is set out in terms of well-defined definitions of the dimensions, a rationale for using REPVAD, and explications of dimensions one at a time. Furthermore, the REPVAD process of application to a scenario is set out, and a didactic scenario is given to show how REPVAD works together with a sample case. A discussion is fleshed out in four real life student cases, and a conclusion indicates strengths and weaknesses and the possibility of further development and transferability. In terms of findings, the model has been tried, tested and refined over a number of years in the development of advanced practitioners at university healthcare faculties in two European countries. Consent was obtained from the four participating students.
Linguistic Validation of an Interactive Communication Tool to Help French-Speaking Children Express Their Cancer Symptoms
Authors: Tsimicalis Argerie , Le May Sylvie , Stinson Jennifer , Rennick Janet , Vachon Marie-France , Louli Julie , Bérubé Sarah , Treherne Stephanie , Yoon Sunmoo , Nordby Bøe Trude , Ruland Cornelia
Published: May 2016

Sisom is an interactive tool designed to help children communicate their cancer symptoms. Important design issues relevant to other cancer populations remain unexplored. This single-site, descriptive, qualitative study was conducted to linguistically validate Sisom with a group of French-speaking children with cancer, their parents, and health care professionals. The linguistic validation process included 6 steps: (1) forward translation, (2) backward translation, (3) patient testing, (4) production of a Sisom French version, (5) patient testing this version, and (6) production of the final Sisom French prototype. Five health care professionals and 10 children and their parents participated in the study. Health care professionals oversaw the translation process providing clinically meaningful suggestions. Two rounds of patient testing, which included parental participation, resulted in the following themes: (1) comprehension, (2) suggestions for improving the translations, (3) usability, (4) parental engagement, and (5) overall impression. Overall, Sisom was well received by participants who were forthcoming with input and suggestions for improving the French translations. Our proposed methodology may be replicated for the linguistic validation of other e-health tools.
Examining the Influence of Context and Professional Culture on Clinical Reasoning Through Rhetorical-Narrative Analysis
Authors: Peters Amanda , Vanstone Meredith , Monteiro Sandra , Norman Geoff , Sherbino Jonathan , Sibbald Matthew
Published: May 2016

According to the dual process model of reasoning, physicians make diagnostic decisions using two mental systems: System 1, which is rapid, unconscious, and intuitive, and System 2, which is slow, rational, and analytical. Currently, little is known about physicians’ use of System 1 or intuitive reasoning in practice. In a qualitative study of clinical reasoning, physicians were asked to tell stories about times when they used intuitive reasoning while working up an acutely unwell patient, and we combine socio-narratology and rhetorical theory to analyze physicians’ stories. Our analysis reveals that in describing their work, physicians draw on two competing narrative structures: one that is aligned with an evidence-based medicine approach valuing System 2 and one that is aligned with cooperative decision making involving others in the clinical environment valuing System 1. Our findings support an understanding of clinical reasoning as distributed, contextual, and influenced by professional culture.
How the Project Approach Challenges Young Children
Authors: Burns Marcia V. , Lewis Alisha L.
Published: May 2016

In this article, educators at University Primary School in Champaign, Illinois, share examples and understandings of the ways The Project Approach challenges young children to think critically about topics of importance in their world. Project investigations that provoke academic and social challenges for individuals and classroom communities of children are provided as a means to foster interest in children’s experiences, questioning, research, and representations.
Beyond Dominance and Competence: A Moral Virtue Theory of Status Attainment
Authors: Bai Feng
Published: May 2016

Recognition has grown that moral behavior (e.g., generosity) plays a role in status attainment, yet it remains unclear how, why, and when demonstrating moral characteristics enhances status. Drawing on philosophy, anthropology, psychology, and organizational behavior, I critically review a third route to attaining status: virtue, and propose a moral virtue theory of status attainment to provide a generalized account of the role of morality in status attainment. The moral virtue theory posits that acts of virtue elicit feelings of warmth and admiration (for virtue), and willing deference, toward the virtuous actor. I further consider how the scope and priority of moralities and virtues endorsed by a moral community are bound by culture and social class to affect which moral characteristics enhance status. I end by outlining an agenda for future research into the role of virtue in status attainment.
Use of Theory in Behavior Change Interventions
Authors: Bluethmann Shirley M. , Bartholomew L. Kay , Murphy Caitlin C. , Vernon Sally W.
Published: May 2016

Objective. Theory use may enhance effectiveness of behavioral interventions, yet critics question whether theory-based interventions have been sufficiently scrutinized. This study applied a framework to evaluate theory use in physical activity interventions for breast cancer survivors. The aims were to (1) evaluate theory application intensity and (2) assess the association between extensiveness of theory use and intervention effectiveness. Methods. Studies were previously identified through a systematic search, including only randomized controlled trials published from 2005 to 2013, that addressed physical activity behavior change and studied survivors who were <5 years posttreatment. Eight theory items from Michie and Prestwich’s coding framework were selected to calculate theory intensity scores. Studies were classified into three subgroups based on extensiveness of theory use (Level 1 = sparse; Level 2 = moderate; and Level 3 = extensive). Results. Fourteen randomized controlled trials met search criteria. Most trials used the transtheoretical model ( n = 5) or social cognitive theory ( n = 3). For extensiveness of theory use, 5 studies were classified as Level 1, 4 as Level 2, and 5 as Level 3. Studies in the extensive group (Level 3) had the largest overall effect size ( g = 0.76). Effects were more modest in Level 1 and 2 groups with overall effect sizes of g = 0.28 and g = 0.36, respectively. Conclusions. Theory use is often viewed as essential to behavior change, but theory application varies widely. In this study, there was some evidence to suggest that extensiveness of theory use enhanced intervention effectiveness. However, there is more to learn about how theory can improve interventions for breast cancer survivors.
The Role of Self-Efficacy and Friend Support on Adolescent Vigorous Physical Activity
Authors: Hamilton Kyra , Warner Lisa M. , Schwarzer Ralf
Published: May 2016

Objectives. Physical activity, including some form of vigorous activity, is a key component of a healthy lifestyle in young people. Self-efficacy and social support have been identified as key determinants of physical activity; however, the mechanism that reflects the interplay of these two factors is not well understood. The aim of the current study was to test social cognitive theory’s notion that self-efficacy relates to intention that translates into behavior and to investigate whether friend support and self-efficacy synergize, interfere, or compensate for one another to predict vigorous physical activity in adolescents—a population at risk of rapid decreases in physical activity. Method. A survey at two points in time was conducted in 226 students aged 12 to 16 years. In a conditional process analysis, friend support and physical activity self-efficacy were specified as interacting predictors of intention. The latter was specified as a mediator between self-efficacy and later vigorous physical activity, controlling for sex and age. Results. Self-efficacy emerged as the dominant predictor of intention, followed by friend support, and an interaction between support and self-efficacy. In adolescents with high self-efficacy, intention was independent of support. In those with low self-efficacy, receiving friend support partly compensated for lack of self-efficacy. The effect of self-efficacy on vigorous physical activity was mediated by intention. Conclusions. Adolescent vigorous physical activity was indirectly predicted by self-efficacy via intention, and this mediation was further moderated by levels of friend support, indicating that friend support can partly buffer lack of self-efficacy.
Contingent belonging: Chelsea Manning, transpatriotism, and iterations of empire
Authors: Fischer Mia
Published: May 2016

Engaging with the story of whistleblower Chelsea Manning, this article reveals how the incorporation of transgender subjects into assimilationist politics, idealized by narratives of a ‘US sexual exceptionalism’ ( Puar, 2007 ), is characterized by a contingent belonging. By analyzing responses from transgender veterans to Manning’s revelations, the article argues that present formations and modalities of US empire are legitimated through the recent emergence of transpatriotism. Expanding Puar’s notion of homonationalism, I conceptualize transpatriotism as a form of jingoism characterized by an unwavering devotion to the state and an adherence to the gender binary. Engendered through exceptional forms of transnormativity, transpatriotism is grounded in an unmarked whiteness that incorporates certain previously stigmatized transgender bodies into the folds of US empire.
A new medium goes public: The financialization of Marconi’s Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company
Authors: Elmer Greg
Published: May 2016

This article investigates the impact that the initial financialization of the Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company (Marconi) had upon its core business model, its relationship with its workers, government, and the bourgeoning investor class (1897–1905). Drawing upon primary sources from the Marconi corporate archives at the University of Oxford, the article investigates how the company used the new financial disclosure requirements of the day to deploy a compelling publicity campaign for wireless communications.
The Trials and Tribulations of Applied Triangulation: Weighing Different Data Sources
Authors: Kern Florian G.
Published: May 2016

Researchers employ triangulation to increase the validity of inference in qualitative and quantitative research. Leuffen, Shikano, and Walter have presented guidance as to which strategies to use when triangulating data sources. In this article, I explore how their findings can be translated for practical research purposes. I offer an illustrative application concentrating on the political power of traditional political authorities in Uganda and Tanzania. I analyze the status quo of political power and the preferred political power of traditional leaders. To triangulate, I use three sources: (1) constitutional-legal texts, (2) the Afrobarometer survey, and (3) in-depth interviews. I shed light on possible problems and analytical strategies for triangulation in practice, with a specific focus on convergence and divergence of sources.
Therapeutic effect of flaxseed oil on experimental pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in rats
Authors: Abidi Anouar , Serairi Raja , Kourda Nadia , Ben Ali Ridha , Ben Khamsa Saloua , Feki Moncef
Published: May 2016

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive disorder in which excessive deposition of extracellular matrix leads to irreversible scarring to interstitial lung tissue. In this study, we search to evaluate the therapeutic effect of flaxseed oil (FO) in experimental bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. During our study, 30 male Wistar rats (weight range, 180–220 g) were divided into three groups: the control group (W) received no treatment; the second group (C) received BLM; and the third group (T) received BLM and FO for 21 days. Metabolites present in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) marking the changes obtained following treatment with FO were determined, histological changes in the lungs were evaluated, fatty acids present in lungs and erythrocytes of rats groups were determined by gas chromatography, and oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in the lung tissue were also recorded. Our results displayed that rat body weight decreased while fibrosis score and inflammatory index in lung tissue were significantly increased after bleomycin instillation. Administration of bleomycin followed by FO treatment reduced bleomycin-induced weight loss, increased proline, glucose, and glycerid rates in BALF and which are characterized by their anti-inflammatory effect and confirming the histological results proved by a decrease in inflammatory index and fibrosis score. This oil also significantly reduced thiobarbitunic acid reactive substance levels in the lungs of rats and increased levels of SOD and CAT and increased fatty acids levels promoting anti-inflammatory reactions especially in erythrocytes (linoleic, arachidonic, docosapentaenoic, and dihomo-γ-linoleic acids). In conclusion, these findings indicate that FO treatment significantly attenuated the increased pulmonary damage induced by bleomycin.
Judging the Judge in Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron
Authors: Sandford-Couch Clare
Published: May 2016

Taking an interdisciplinary approach the article offers a fresh legal historical understanding of the Fifth Story of the Eighth Day in Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron. Detailed analysis of the tale reveals much about the realities of the administration of justice in fourteenth century Florence and contemporary expectations of those exercising judicial authority. In making apparent the expectation that judges would look and act in a certain manner, the article suggests that Boccaccio’s story can be interpreted as offering an insight into the extent to which public perception of a man’s identity as a judge was dependent upon his appearance and attire.
The Detainee, the Prisoner, and the Refugee: The Dynamics of Violent Subject Production
Authors: Nieminen Kati
Published: May 2016

This article takes violence in the law seriously, scrutinizing three sites engaged in violent subject production and resistance: the Guantanamo Bay detention center, supermax prisons in the US, and European refugee camps. The concepts of martyring and torturing serve help to untangle the dynamics of the law’s violence. The violent subject production techniques used in these sites are discussed as torture practices that aim to reproduce the dominant subjectivity. As the law has often proved unable to fully address the situation of the detainee, the prisoner, and the refugee, hunger striking as martyring is discussed as a way to deconstruct hegemonic subjectivity and to force the law to face its own violence.
Service providers’ perceptions of and responses to bullying of individuals with disabilities
Authors: Cook Erin E , Nickerson Amanda B , Werth Jilynn M , Allen Kathleen P
Published: May 2016

A sample of 124 service providers (e.g. mental health professionals, educators, administrators) completed a survey about bullying of individuals with disabilities and the use and perceived effectiveness of resources and strategies to address bullying. Providing support and performing an action in response to bullying were reported to be used more often and were perceived as more effective than education and minimizing/ignoring. Service providers who reported that the individuals they worked with experienced cyberbullying more frequently were more likely to take action and use education. Those who attributed victimization to social differences were more likely to provide support.
Biomass smoke as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effects on innate immunity
Authors: Olloquequi Jordi , Silva O Rafael
Published: May 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, is considered an archetypical disease of innate immunity, where inhaled particles and gases trigger an inflammatory response, favoring tissue proliferation in small airways and tissue destruction in lung parenchyma, in addition to the recruitment of immune cells to these compartments. Although cigarette smoking is still considered the main risk factor for developing COPD, the trend of proposing biomass smoke (BS) exposure as a principal risk factor is gaining importance, as around 3 billion people worldwide are exposed to this pollutant daily. A considerable amount of evidence has shown the potential of BS as an enhancer of lung inflammation. However, an impairment of some innate immune responses after BS exposure has also been described. Regarding the mechanisms by which biomass smoke alters the innate immune responses, three main classes of cell surface receptors—the TLRs, the scavenger receptors and the transient receptor potential channels—have shown the ability to transduce signals initiated after BS exposure. This article is an updated and comprehensive review of the immunomodulatory effects described after the interaction of BS components with these receptors.
Moral Chivalry
Authors: FeldmanHall Oriel , Dalgleish Tim , Evans Davy , Navrady Lauren , Tedeschi Ellen , Mobbs Dean
Published: May 2016

Moral perceptions of harm and fairness are instrumental in guiding how an individual navigates moral challenges. Classic research documents that the gender of a target can affect how people deploy these perceptions of harm and fairness. Across multiple studies, we explore the effect of an individual’s moral orientations (their considerations of harm and justice) and a target’s gender on altruistic behavior. Results reveal that a target’s gender can bias one’s readiness to engage in harmful actions and that a decider’s considerations of harm—but not fairness concerns—modulate costly altruism. Together, these data illustrate that moral choices are conditional on the social nature of the moral dyad: Even under the same moral constraints, a target’s gender and a decider’s gender can shift an individual’s choice to be more or less altruistic, suggesting that gender bias and harm considerations play a significant role in moral cognition.
Narcissism Predicts Support for Hierarchy (At Least When Narcissists Think They Can Rise to the Top)
Authors: Zitek Emily M. , Jordan Alexander H.
Published: May 2016

Five studies tested the relationship between narcissism and support for hierarchy. Narcissism was associated with endorsing group-based hierarchy, income inequality, and hierarchy in business (Studies 1a–1b) and with liking organizations with a hierarchical structure (Studies 2a–2b). Analyses suggested that more narcissistic participants’ preference for a hierarchy may have been due at least partly to their current high standing in that hierarchy (Studies 1a–1b) or their expectation that they will rise in rank (Studies 2a–2b). When participants learned about an organization where it was possible or impossible to rise in rank, there was a positive relationship between narcissism and support for hierarchy if it was possible to rise in rank, whereas the same relationship was negative if it was not possible to rise in rank (Study 3). These studies provide evidence consistent with the idea that narcissistic individuals prefer hierarchies because they are or think they will be on the top.
Generation of clinical-grade CD19-specific CAR-modified CD8+ memory stem cells for the treatment of human B-cell malignancies
Authors: Sabatino Marianna , Hu Jinhui , Sommariva Michele , Gautam Sanjivan , Fellowes Vicki , Hocker James D. , Dougherty Sean , Qin Haiying , Klebanoff Christopher A. , Fry Terry J. , Gress Ronald E. , Kochenderfer James N. , Stroncek David F. , Ji Yun , Gattinoni Luca
Published: May 2016

Key Points

A platform for the generation of clinical-grade CD19-CAR–modified TSCM. CD19-CAR–modified TSCM mediate superior antitumor responses compared with CD19-CAR T cells currently used in clinical trials.
Pbx1 is required for adult SVZ neurogenesis
Authors: Grebbin Britta Moyo , Hau Ann-Christin , Groß Anja , Anders-Maurer Marie , Schramm Jasmine , Koss Matthew , Wille Christoph , Mittelbronn Michel , Selleri Licia , Schulte Dorothea
Published: May 2016

TALE-homeodomain proteins function as part of heteromeric complexes that contain one member each of the PBC- and MEIS/PREP-subclasses. As we have recently shown, MEIS2 cooperates with the neurogenic transcription factor PAX6 in the control of adult subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis in rodents. Expression of the PBC-protein Pbx1 in the SVZ has been reported but its functional role(s) had not yet been investigated. Using a genetic loss-of-function model, we now show that Pbx1 is an early regulator of SVZ neurogenesis. Targeted deletion of Pbx1 by retroviral transduction of Cre recombinase into Pbx2-deficient SVZ stem- and progenitor cells carrying floxed alleles of Pbx1 significantly reduced the production of neurons and increased the generation of oligodendrocytes. Loss of Pbx1-expression in neuronally committed neuroblasts in the rostral migratory stream in a Pbx2 null (Pbx2−/−) background, by contrast, severely compromised cell survival. By chromatin immunoprecipitation from endogenous tissues or isolated cells, we further detect PBX1 binding to known regulatory regions of the neuron-specific genes DCX and TH days or even weeks before the respective genes are expressed during the normal program of SVZ neurogenesis, suggesting that PBX1 may act as priming factor to mark these genes for subsequent activation. Collectively, our results establish that PBX1 regulates adult neural cell fate determination in a way that goes beyond the that of its heterodimerization partner MEIS2.
A system to study mechanisms of neuromuscular junction development and maintenance
Authors: Vilmont Valérie , Cadot Bruno , Ouanounou Gilles , Gomes Edgar R.
Published: May 2016

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a cellular synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber, enables the translation of chemical cues into physical activity. The development of this special structure has been subject to numerous investigations, but its complexity renders in vivo studies particularly difficult to perform. In vitro modelling of the neuromuscular junction represents a powerful implement to fully delineate the fine tuning of events that lead to subcellular specialization at the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic sites. Here we describe a novel heterologous co-culture in vitro method using rat spinal cord explants with dorsal root ganglion and murine primary myoblasts to study neuromuscular junctions. This system allows the formation and long-term survival of highly differentiated myofibers, motor neurons, supporting glial cells and functional neuromuscular junctions with post-synaptic specialization. Therefore, fundamental aspects of NMJ formation and maintenance can be studied using the described system which can be adapted to model multiple NMJ-associated disorders.
Coordinated control of Notch-Delta signalling and cell cycle progression drives lateral inhibition mediated tissue patterning
Authors: Hunter Ginger L. , Hadjivasiliou Zena , Bonin Hope , He Li , Perrimon Norbert , Charras Guillaume , Baum Buzz
Published: May 2016

Coordinating cell differentiation with cell growth and division is critical for the successful development, homeostasis, and regeneration of multicellular tissues. Here we use bristle patterning in the fly notum as a model system to explore the regulatory and functional coupling of cell cycle progression and cell fate decision-making. The pattern of bristles and intervening epithelial cells (ECs) becomes established through Notch-mediated lateral inhibition during G2-phase of the cell cycle, as neighbouring cells physically interact with each other via lateral contacts and/or basal protrusions. Since Notch signalling controls cell division timing downstream of Cdc25, ECs in lateral contact with a Delta-expressing cell experience higher levels of Notch signalling and divide first, followed by more distant neighbours, and lastly Delta-expressing cells. Conversely, mitotic entry and cell division makes ECs refractory to lateral inhibition signalling, fixing their fate. Using a combination of experiments and computational modeling, we show that this reciprocal relationship between Notch signalling and cell cycle progression acts like a developmental clock, providing a delimited window of time during which cells decide their fate, ensuring efficient and orderly bristle patterning.
Non-ionotropic signaling by the NMDA receptor: controversy and opportunity
Authors: Gray John A. , Zito Karen , Hell Johannes W.
Published: May 2016

Provocative emerging evidence suggests that the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor can signal in the absence of ion flux through the receptor. This non-ionotropic signaling is thought to be due to agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptor, independently of channel opening. Non-ionotropic NMDA receptor signaling has been proposed to be sufficient to induce synaptic long-term depression (LTD), directly challenging the decades-old model that prolonged low-level calcium influx is required to induce LTD. Here, we briefly review these recent findings, focusing primarily on the potential role of non-ionotropic signaling in NMDA receptor-mediated LTD. Further reports concerning additional roles of non-ionotropic NMDA receptor signaling are also discussed. If validated, this new view of NMDA receptor-mediated signaling will usher in an exciting new era of exploring synapse function and dysfunction.
Identification of selective inhibitors of RET and comparison with current clinical candidates through development and validation of a robust screening cascade
Authors: Watson Amanda J. , Hopkins Gemma V. , Hitchin Samantha , Begum Habiba , Jones Stuart , Jordan Allan , Holt Sarah , March H. Nikki , Newton Rebecca , Small Helen , Stowell Alex , Waddell Ian D. , Waszkowycz Bohdan , Ogilvie Donald J.
Published: May 2016

RET (REarranged during Transfection) is a receptor tyrosine kinase, which plays pivotal roles in regulating cell survival, differentiation, proliferation, migration and chemotaxis. Activation of RET is a mechanism of oncogenesis in medullary thyroid carcinomas where both germline and sporadic activating somatic mutations are prevalent.

At present, there are no known specific RET inhibitors in clinical development, although many potent inhibitors of RET have been opportunistically identified through selectivity profiling of compounds initially designed to target other tyrosine kinases. Vandetanib and cabozantinib, both multi-kinase inhibitors with RET activity, are approved for use in medullary thyroid carcinoma, but additional pharmacological activities, most notably inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor - VEGFR2 (KDR), lead to dose-limiting toxicity. The recent identification of RET fusions present in ~1% of lung adenocarcinoma patients has renewed interest in the identification and development of more selective RET inhibitors lacking the toxicities associated with the current treatments.

In an earlier publication [Newton et al, 2016; 1] we reported the discovery of a series of 2-substituted phenol quinazolines as potent and selective RET kinase inhibitors. Here we describe the development of the robust screening cascade which allowed the identification and advancement of this chemical series.  Furthermore we have profiled a panel of RET-active clinical compounds both to validate the cascade and to confirm that none display a RET-selective target profile.
The referential brain: why do some neurons learn and some do not?
Authors: Bharmauria Vishal , Bachatene Lyes
Published: May 2016

Brain is phenomenally plastic and exhibits this capacity well into adulthood. Neuronal plasticity can be studied by using different adaptation protocols. Post-adaptation neurons typically show attractive and repulsive shifts even though challenged by the same adapter. Using orientation columns as a paradigm, we argue and suggest that repulsive shifts are essentially fundamental to preserve the functional organization of the cortex, and thus, maintaining the functional homeostasis of the brain.
Individual Matrixes of Values As Basis for Social Group Members’ Behavior Correction
Authors: Фролов  , Frolov S.
Published: May 2016

Management on values represents very perspective area of activity concerning the human relations

management. Consequently, in this paper the author analyzes individual matrixes of values as a basis for

social group members’ behavior management. At the same time questions related to social norms correction

within ordered series of cultural values are considered.
The Main Priorities for the HR Management Stages in Germany. Agency of Labor (Arbeitsamt) As an Operator
Authors: Кудайберген  , Kudaybergen Pirimkul
Published: May 2016

The article highlights the social priorities, personnel management principles in Germany, which are based on the famous German «Ordnung» (step by step), the postulate of individualism. It is noted that the «Iron Chancellor» Bismarck developed the principles of social protection of the German personnel. These principles formed the basis of the German social market economy: providing working conditions, promotion of awareness and independence, encouraging responsibility. The article presents basic palette of social and fi nancial assistance to needy staff , which are provided through centers of employment and work of the Agency. The peculiarities of personnel management are indicating in the conditions of uncontrolled aggressive invasion of refugees in Germany. Gateways are opened for them «without limit» Chancellor Angela Merkel, acting only in the interests of the USA. This led to mass protests, similar to a civil war throughout the country. This article argues that in these circumstances, Germany needs a new Bismarck, who would once again strengthened Germany, with the support of Russia, as it was in the past. Russia could again become a partner of Germany, especially in the process of human resource management in the prevailing critical conditions, based on its invaluable experience in multinational and multi-confessional Russia.
Raising the Retirement Age As an Economic Factor in Increasing the Effi ciency of Labor Resources
Authors: Соловьев  , Solovev A.
Published: May 2016

The main risk of loss of market value of labor power is known as the onset of old age, when most (and then all citizens) lose their physical and mental ability to perform work functions. In a civilized country economic responsibility for the maintenance in old age (et al. Associated with disability risks) is divided between the man himself along with his employer and the state. However, the proportion of participation in fi nancial support to pensioners seriously adjusted in diff erent national pension systems, depending on the historical and social traditions, as well as the specifi c macroeconomic and demographic factors. Currently in our country came together in a complex site all the negative factors that determine the material support of pensioners. This is primarily the ongoing demographic crisis (increase in life expectancy of certain categories of the population) and deepening the lingering fi nancial crisis, which took into its sphere and the state budget It is proved that the pension rights of workers in the market environment are inextricably linked to labor rights. The more complex and mutually intertwined these rights in insurance economic relations formation of pension rights for Krohn corporate groups, and for each insured person.
Managers Performance Indicators System Management of in the Conditions of Various Business Processes Realization in the Microeconomic Aspect
Authors: Котмышев  , Kotmyshev S. , Кузнецова  , Kuznetsova I. , Гагаринский  , Gagarinskiy A. , Гагаринская  , Gagarinskaya Galina
Published: May 2016

This article discusses the problem of the effective work of managers of industrial enterprises, which is the basis of economic development in modern Russia. The authors suggest that the management of the system of performance indicators in managers in the conditions of realization of various business processes can reduce the risk of crises in the enterprise, and improve the efficiency of labor management and productivity in the company in a whole. According to the authors, improving the efficiency of management in the conditions of implementation of the various business processes of industrial enterprises is an integral element of the overall strategic development of the company. The article presents the results of work performance assessment of managers in the implementation of business process management. In this article there is developed performance business process management on the example of the metal cutting enterprise management levels: the corporate level, the first operational level, the second operational level, and the line level. For these indicators the performers are defi ned and criteria are given.
Normative and Legal Coverage of Education for Democratic Citizenship in the Russian Federation
Authors: Болотина  , Bolotina Tatyana
Published: May 2016

The article presents a regulatory base of the last years which provides development of civil and patriotic education or education for democratic

citizenship in the Russian Federation.
Book Reviews
Authors: Shen Wenjing
Published: May 2016

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an email from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor.

The following books are reviewed in this issue of Interfaces, 46(3), May–June 2016: Inequality: What Can Be Done?, Anthony B. Atkinson; and R for Marketing Research and Analytics, Chris Chapman and Elea McDonnell Feit.
ON-LINE IRRADIATION TESTING OF A GIANT MAGNETO-RESISTIVE (GMR) SENSOR
Authors: Olfert Jeffrey , Luloff Brian , MacDonald Dan , Lumsden Robert
Published: May 2016

Magneto-resistive sensors are rapidly gaining favour for magnetic field sensing applications owing to their high sensitivity, small size, and low cost. Their metallic, nonsemiconductor construction makes them excellent candidates for use in the harsh environments present in nuclear and space applications. In this work, a commercially available magneto-resistive sensor was irradiated up to a total gamma dose of 2 MGy (200 Mrad), and online testing was performed to monitor the sensor throughout the irradiation to detect any degradation. No significant evidence of degradation of the sensor characteristics was observed. A very small (< 1%) change in the bridge balance of the sensor as a function of accumulated dose was detected.
Wasted youth in the hospitality industry: Older workers’ perceptions and misperceptions about younger workers
Authors: Mooney Shelagh
Published: May 2016

In many western contexts, although young people form a high proportion of the hospitality workforce, perceptions of hospitality work as temporary and unpredictable rather than an aspirational career choice means turnover is very high. The aim of the study on which the article is based was to investigate why people build and maintain long careers working in hospitality. This article focuses on the career experiences of young workers in the industry, viewed from the perspective of older workers in long-term hospitality careers. An intersectional methodology explored how youthful body-age, at times interacting with other aspects of socially ascribed difference, is reflected in work-place organizational processes. The findings suggest that younger workers in hospitality are not valued and the discussion addresses the ways in which inequitable power relations create this status quo. The conclusion is that the hospitality sector should retain its youthful workers, rather than wasting this finite human resource.
Musicological analysis of guitar solos from the roots of rock through modern heavy metal
Authors: Slaven James E. , Krout Jody L.
Published: May 2016

The general techniques of guitar soloing have changed very little since the beginnings of the rock era in the 1950s, even though the style of playing has seen dramatic changes. Using the methods of analysis from the fields of statistics and musicology, we have looked into how soloing techniques have changed from 1950s’ rock to modern heavy metal. This not only helps in discerning the differences in playing between eras but is an addition to the toolbox of musicology. Pitch distributions were calculated and then analysed using cluster and tree methods. Speed and technique were analysed using the Generalized Estimating Equations. We found no distinct delineation between the decades for pitch distributions. There was an increasing, though non-significant, trend in the use of special techniques, which became significant when comparing the later decades grouped against the earlier decades. Most notably, there was a significant difference in speed between the decades, with an increase in the later decades.
Vulnerability, brutality, hope: Complexism and the 56th Venice Biennale
Authors: Tromble Meredith
Published: May 2016

Exploring an aesthetics of complexity relevant to contemporary art, the artist/author discusses the 56th Venice Biennale, curated by Okwui Enwezor, in light of Philip Galanter’s essay ‘Complexism and the role of evolutionary art’. Artworks by Steve McQueen, Isaac Julien, Mika Rottenberg, Hito Steyerl, Im Heung-Soon, Katrīna Neiburga and Andris Eglītis are related to concepts of emergence, chaos, feedback, generative process, and networks, and writings by philosopher Manuel Delanda, sociologist Saskia Sassen and physicist James P. Crutchfield. As one of the most influential international exhibitions of contemporary art, the Venice Biennale is considered a bellwether of future trends; this edition called ‘All the World’s Futures’ presents artwork in context with a dissolving binary paradigm of communism/capitalism that fails to adequately address labour, environmental and immigration issues. The author concludes that an approach informed by complexity theory holds more promise, aesthetically and politically.
Memoirs of Well-Being
Authors: Reiffenrath Tanja
Published: May 2016

As the body politics of life writing in the United States change, illness and disability memoirs receive considerable attention. Although these narratives are framed by a lack of health, they abundantly present health and do so beyond its binary relationship to the pathological. This book departs from previous scholarship by bringing into focus the writers' representations of cure, recovery, and healing as well as their reluctance to bring closure to their narratives and align their stories with traditional notions of health. These memoirs thus partake in the construction of alternative narratives of illness and disability.
Quartierspeicher: Definition, rechtlicher Rahmen und Perspektiven
Authors: Gaudchau Elisa , Resch Matthias , Zeh Alexander
Published: May 2016

Eigenverbrauch im Quartier mithilfe eines gemeinsamen Speichers ist in aller Munde. Die Technik ist reif, doch ein funktionierendes Geschäftsmodell findet sich dazu in Deutschland noch nicht. Das könnte sich ändern, mit einer klaren Definition und angepassten rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen.
The effect of centrifugation speed and time on pre-analytical platelet activation
Authors: Söderström Anna C. , Nybo Mads , Nielsen Christian , Vinholt Pernille J.
Published: May 2016

Background:

The results of laboratory analyses are affected by pre-analytical variables, and in particular can platelets be activated by shear handling stress and secrete granular substances. We therefore evaluated the effect of centrifugation speed and time on pre-analytical platelet activation.

Methods:

Citrate- and EDTA-anticoagulated blood from healthy volunteers were centrifuged at 80–10,000 g for 5–15 min to prepare plasma and platelet-rich plasma. Pre-analytical platelet activation was assessed by flow cytometric measurement of platelet P-selectin (CD62p) expression. Blood cell counts, mean platelet volume (MPV), immature platelet fraction (IPF), and platelet distribution width (PDW) were measured. Platelet aggregation in platelet-rich plasma induced by arachidonic acid (AA), ADP or thrombin receptor activator peptide-6 (TRAP) was tested by 96-well aggregometry.

Results:

The median percentage of platelets expressing P-selectin in citrate- and EDTA-plasma centrifuged at 2000 g for 10 min were 43% [interquartile range (IQR), 38%–53%] and 56% (IQR, 31%–78%), respectively (p=0.82). Platelet-rich plasma prepared at 100–250 g for 10 min had significantly lower platelet P-selectin expression (11%–15%), p<0.001. Platelet count in plasma samples decreased with increasing speed but platelets were only completely removed if plasma was re-centrifuged. In platelet-rich plasma, increasing centrifugation speed significantly increased platelet yield but decreased contamination from other blood cells, platelet composition was altered as platelet parameters (MPV, IPF, and PDW) was lowered. Platelet aggregation was not affected by the centrifugation speed platelet-rich plasma was prepared.

Conclusions:

Proportional to centrifugation speed, platelets in plasma and platelet-rich plasma were activated with centrifugation speed, cell content and composition changed while platelet aggregation was unaltered.
Comparison of site effect values obtained by HVSR and HVSRN methods for single-station measurements in Tarnówek, South-Western Poland.
Authors: Mendecki Maciej J. , Bieta Barbara , Mateuszów Mateusz , Suszka Paweł
Published: May 2016

This study compares the HVSR technique (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio), based on seismic event records, and the HVSRN technique (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio of Noise) using seismic noise registrations. Both methods allow us to study the amplification phenomenon of a horizontal component of seismic waves when the waves reach loose sediments in subsurface layers. The seismic data were measured at a three-component single seismic station located in the village of Tarnówek, in the Legnica-Głogów Copper District. The results of the study demonstrate that average HVSRN and HVSR maxima can be distinguished: for periods approximately 3.78 s (H/V = 6.2) and 3.969 s (H/V = 8.98) respectively. The evaluated share of the Rayleigh wave component in the recorded values was β = 0.58 and it can be suggested that the Love wave share in surface motion was insignificant. The Love wave share remains unknown.
Does tourism contribute significantly to the Greek economy? A multiplier analysis
Authors: Kasimati Evangelia
Published: May 2016

Tourism is one of the growing service sectors in Greece. In 2014, the direct and indirect contribution of the Greek tourism industry to total GDP and employment reached 17.3% and 19.2%, respectively (WTTC, 2015). As the economic importance of the tourism industry is growing among the policymakers and researchers, the objective of this paper is to analyse the contribution of tourism to Greek’s economic growth. We use a trivariate model of real gross domestic product (GDP), international tourist expenditure and a real effective exchange rate, to calculate a tourism multiplier in order to assess the contribution of tourism to the economic growth. Using quarterly data for Greece during the period 2000q1 to 2013q2, we estimated results as a tourism multiplier of 1.21. We also estimated that the tourism industry generated an increase of 1.0% in the Greek GDP for the year 2013.