bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ULTRAFAST ELECTRON CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND NANOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY: FOR CHEMISTRY, BIOLOGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE. PART II. ULTRAFAST ELECTRON NANOCRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Authors: Schafer Lothar , Tarasov Yury.I. , Sharonova Nina V. , Ischenko Anatoly A.
Published: July 2017

This article shows the development of the Ultrafast Electron Nanocrystallography (UEnC), a specific implementation of Ultrafast Electron Crystallography (UEC), optimized for high sensitivity and high data acquisition efficiency and trained on the quantitative studies of different solid nanostructures with high temporal resolution ranging from pico- to femtoseconds. These achievements have opened up new possibilities for studying the coherent structural dynamics of the nanoparticles. Nanostructures are characterized by a number of unusual properties compared to their bulk counterparts. First of all, this is due to the manifestation of the quantum-size effect and the corresponding relatively-large percentage of structural units of the nanoparticle being on its surface. One of the structural features is the emergence of the so-called nano-crystallographic structure types, which have a tendency to form closed shells and are connected with the appearance of magic numbers in the size distribution. The morphology and lattice parameters of nanocrystals are strongly dependent on the substrate and the surface modification, which results in the contraction, and the formation of twin boundaries due to the relaxation of the surface deformations. The article describes UEnC experiment, the theory and data analysis, and sample preparation. The presented examples include the investigation of the structural dynamics of condensed phase, surfaces, and nanocrystals, the melting dynamics of gold nanoparticles and direct observation of coherent optical phonons generation in nanofilms. The results of several internationally renowned research groups are included and cited.Forcitation:Schafer L., Tarasov Yu.I., Sharonova N.V., Ischenko A.A. Ultrafast electron crystallography and nanocrystallography: for chemistry, biology and materials science. Part II. Ultrafast electron nanocrystallography. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 6. P. 4-27.
Nutidige kulturelle repræsentationer af dansk landbrug
Authors: Blædel Larsen Rasmus
Published: July 2017

Landbruget i Danmark har de senere år opnået fornyet interesse i offentligheden. Men opmærksomheden fordeler sig primært i nogle ydre positioner mellem madtrends eksponeret ved kendiskokke og Ny Nordisk Mad og afsløringer af problematiske aspekter ved fødevareproduktion anno det 21. århundrede. I det offentlige rum har vi ikke set meget til hverdagen og landbokulturen. Den hastige strukturudvikling og de teknologiske fremskridt har skabt virkeligheder i landbruget, som har vist sig vanskelige at skabe positive kulturelle referencer med. Fortolkerne, organisationerne og landmændene selv står midt i en kulturel kamp om, hvilke kulturelle repræsentationer der kan danne baggrund for den betydning, vi som samfund tillægger landbruget og dets praksisser.
A Case of Treatment with Steroid and Hydrochloroquine of Thrombocytopenia in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Yun Yeong Seop , Choi Ji Wook , Doo Young Jae , Kim Tae Hyung , Oh Hye Lim , Oh Ji Min
Published: July 2017

Sjögren's syndrome is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by sicca symptoms and extraglandular manifestations. Anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and lymphoproliferative disorders are well-known extraglandular, hematological complications of Sjögren's syndrome. These hematologic alterations are usually mild and respond well with steroid therapy. We report a case of a 52-year-old female patient who was initially presented with thrombocytopenia. The patient was then diagnosed with primary Sjögren's syndrome and initially treated with steroid. The patient's platelet count was decreased when steroid was tapered. The dose of steroid could be effectively reduced after combined medication with hydroxychloroquine.
Kearns-sayre Syndrome Treated with Permanent Pacemaker Insertion for Complete Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Park Eun Hye , Her Sung Ho , Ha Myung A , Kim Hyo Suk , Jang Jae Hyuk
Published: July 2017

Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) is a rare multisystem mitochondrial disorder associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia, atypical pigmentary degeneration of the retina, and complete heart block. KSS can lead to a risk of sudden death because of the potential progression of conduction abnormalities such as right or left bundle branch block or complete atrioventricular (AV) block. Here we describe the case of a KSS patient with type I diabetes who experienced syncope in the presence of complete AV block, confirmed by muscular biopsy.
XII Simpósio de Iniciação Científica da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC
Authors: FMABC Comitê de Iniciação Científica
Published: July 2017

Não se aplica
Anais do 42º COMUABC
Authors: Congresso Médico Universitário do ABC COMUABC
Published: July 2017

Não se aplica
A lectin receptor kinase as a potential sensor for extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Chenggang , Zhou Mingqi , Zhang Xudong , Yao Jin , Zhang Yanping , Mou Zhonglin
Published: July 2017

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) participates in intracellular and extracellular signaling events unrelated to metabolism. In animals, purinergic receptors are required for extracellular NAD+ (eNAD+) to evoke biological responses, indicating that eNAD+ may be sensed by cell-surface receptors. However, the identity of eNAD+-binding receptors still remains elusive. Here, we identify a lectin receptor kinase (LecRK), LecRK-I.8, as a potential eNAD+ receptor in Arabidopsis. The extracellular lectin domain of LecRK-I.8 binds NAD+ with a dissociation constant of 436.5 ± 104.8 nM, although much higher concentrations are needed to trigger in vivo responses. Mutations in LecRK-I.8 inhibit NAD+-induced immune responses, whereas overexpression of LecRK-I.8 enhances the Arabidopsis response to NAD+. Furthermore, LecRK-I.8 is required for basal resistance against bacterial pathogens, substantiating a role for eNAD+ in plant immunity. Our results demonstrate that lectin receptors can potentially function as eNAD+-binding receptors and provide direct evidence for eNAD+ being an endogenous signaling molecule in plants.
Dynamic structure of locomotor behavior in walking fruit flies
Authors: Katsov Alexander Y , Freifeld Limor , Horowitz Mark , Kuehn Seppe , Clandinin Thomas R
Published: July 2017

The function of the brain is unlikely to be understood without an accurate description of its output, yet the nature of movement elements and their organization remains an open problem. Here, movement elements are identified from dynamics of walking in flies, using unbiased criteria. On one time scale, dynamics of walking are consistent over hundreds of milliseconds, allowing elementary features to be defined. Over longer periods, walking is well described by a stochastic process composed of these elementary features, and a generative model of this process reproduces individual behavior sequences accurately over seconds or longer. Within elementary features, velocities diverge, suggesting that dynamical stability of movement elements is a weak behavioral constraint. Rather, long-term instability can be limited by the finite memory between these elementary features. This structure suggests how complex dynamics may arise in biological systems from elements whose combination need not be tuned for dynamic stability.
Model Optimasi Fixturing Benda-kerja dengan Prinsip 3-2-1 Klem Tunggal
Authors: Toha Isa Setiasyah , Diratama Mohammad Yazid , Wigenaputra Dadan Heryada
Published: July 2017

Untuk memegang benda-kerja pada tempatnya, diperlukan penetap (fixture). Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya membahas keseimbangan gaya dan momen yang berbasis pada model kinematik penetap, teori ulir (screw theory), melibatkan gaya kontak serta kesalahan posisi. Permasalahan yang paling mendasar dalam desain penetap adalah menentukan koordinat lokator dan klem serta gaya klem, agar benda-kerja stabil selama proses pemesinan. Makalah ini membahas model optimasi untuk menentukan koordinat lokator dan klem serta gaya klem, dengan memperhatikan keseimbangan gaya dan momen. Secara spesifik, model optimasi yang dikembangkan untuk permasalahan penetapan (fixturing) benda-kerja dengan prinsip 3-2-1 menggunakan klem tunggal. Untuk menunjukkan operasionalisasi model, digunakan contoh numerik penetapan benda-kerja nyata yang diselesaikan menggunakan perangkat-lunak Exel/Solver.
Pricing and Warranty Level Decisions for New and Remanufactured Short Life-Cycle Products
Authors: Shu San Gan , Pujawan I Nyoman
Published: July 2017

Remanufacturing has become more prominent as a recovery process to mitigate the massive disposal of short life-cycle product at its end-of-use. However, remanufactured product is often perceived to be inferior to new product, and it has lower value in consumer’s willingness to pay. To increase the perceived quality of the remanufactured product, manufacturer offers a warranty, since one of the three roles possessed in warranty is being a signal to product reliability. This paper studies the pricing decisions and warranty level decision for new and remanufactured products in a closed-loop supply chain consists of a manufacturer and a retailer. The optimization modeling is performed under Stackelberg game with manufacturer as the leader. We found that higher expansion effectiveness coefficient would increase the supply chain profit. Also, there is an interval of demand’s speed of change, where the total profit would be at its highest. The optimum warranty level can be achieved regardless the initial warranty level set at the beginning of retailer’s optimization. Furthermore, the remanufactured product’s wholesale and retail prices are influenced by the expansion effectiveness coefficient.
Untangling biogeochemical processes from the impact of ocean circulation: First insight on the Mediterranean dissolved barium dynamics
Authors: Jullion L. , Jacquet S. H. M. , Tanhua T.
Published: July 2017

Based on an unprecedented dissolved barium (D_Ba) data set collected in the Mediterranean Sea during a zonal transect between the Lebanon coast and Gibraltar (M84/3 cruise, April 2011), we decompose the D_Ba distribution to isolate the contribution of biogeochemical processes from the impact of the oceanic circulation. We have built a simple parametric water mass analysis (Parametric Optimum Multiparameter analysis) to reconstruct the contribution of the different Mediterranean water masses to the thermohaline structure. These water mass fractions have then been used to successfully reconstruct the background vertical gradient of D_Ba reflecting the balance between the large‐scale oceanic circulation and the biological activity over long time scales. Superimposed on the background field, several D_Ba anomalies have been identified. Positive anomalies are associated with topographic obstacles and may be explained by the dissolution of particulate biogenic barium (P_Ba barite) of material resuspended by the local currents. The derived dissolution rates range from 0.06 to 0.21 μmol m−2 d−1. Negative anomalies are present in the mesopelagic region of the western and eastern basins (except in the easternmost Levantine basin) as well as in the abyssal western basin. This represents the first quantification of the nonconservative component of the D_Ba signal. These mesopelagic anomalies could reflect the subtraction of D_Ba during P_Ba barite formation occurring during organic carbon remineralization. The deep anomalies may potentially reflect the transport of material toward the deep sea during winter deep convection and the subsequent remineralization. The D_Ba subtraction fluxes range from −0.07 to −1.28 μmol m−2 d−1. D_Ba‐derived fluxes of P_Ba barite (up to 0.21 μmol m−2 d−1) and organic carbon (13 to 29 mmol C m−2 d−1) are in good agreement with other independent measurements suggesting that D_Ba can help constrain remineralization horizons. This study highlights the importance of quantifying the impact of the large‐scale oceanic circulation in order to better understand the biogeochemical cycling of elements and to build reliable geochemical proxies.
Snow thickness profiling on Antarctic sea ice with GPR—Rapid and accurate measurements with the potential to upscale needles to a haystack
Authors: Pfaffhuber Andreas A. , Lieser Jan L. , Haas Christian
Published: July 2017

Snow thickness on sea ice is a largely undersampled parameter yet of importance for the sea ice mass balance and for satellite‐based sea ice thickness estimates and thus our general understanding of global ice volume change. Traditional direct thickness measurements with meter sticks can provide accurate but only spot information, referred to as “needles” due to their pinpoint focus and information, while airborne and satellite remote sensing snow products, referred to as “the haystack,” have large uncertainties due to their scale. We demonstrate the remarkable accuracy and applicability of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) snow thickness measurements by comparing them with in situ meter stick data from two field campaigns to Antarctica in late winter/early spring. The efficiency and millimeter‐to‐centimeter accuracy of GPR enables practitioners to acquire extensive, semiregional data with the potential to upscale needles to the haystack and to potentially calibrate satellite remote sensing products that we confirm to derive roughly 30% of the in situ thickness. We find the radar wave propagation velocity in snow to be rather constant (± 6%), encouraging regional snow thickness surveys. Snow thinner than 10 cm is under the detection limit with the off‐the‐shelf GPR setup utilized in our study.
A microphysical parameterization of aqSOA and sulfate formation in clouds
Authors: McVay Renee , Ervens Barbara
Published: July 2017

Sulfate and secondary organic aerosol (cloud aqSOA) can be chemically formed in cloud water. Model implementation of these processes represents a computational burden due to the large number of microphysical and chemical parameters. Chemical mechanisms have been condensed by reducing the number of chemical parameters. Here an alternative is presented to reduce the number of microphysical parameters (number of cloud droplet size classes). In‐cloud mass formation is surface and volume dependent due to surface‐limited oxidant uptake and/or size‐dependent pH. Box and parcel model simulations show that using the effective cloud droplet diameter (proportional to total volume‐to‐surface ratio) reproduces sulfate and aqSOA formation rates within ≤30% as compared to full droplet distributions; other single diameters lead to much greater deviations. This single‐class approach reduces computing time significantly and can be included in models when total liquid water content and effective diameter are available.
A perspective on climate model hierarchies
Authors: Jeevanjee Nadir , Hassanzadeh Pedram , Hill Spencer , Sheshadri Aditi
Published: July 2017

To understand Earth's climate, climate modelers employ a hierarchy of climate models spanning a wide spectrum of complexity and comprehensiveness. This essay, inspired by the World Climate Research Programme's recent “Model Hierarchies Workshop,” attempts to survey and synthesize some of the current thinking on climate model hierarchies, especially as presented at the workshop. We give a few formal descriptions of the hierarchy and survey the various ways it is used to generate, test, and confirm hypotheses. We also discuss some of the pitfalls of contemporary climate modeling, and how the “elegance” advocated for by Held (2005) has (and has not) been used to address them. We conclude with a survey of current activity in hierarchical modeling, and offer suggestions for its continued fruitful development.
Stochastic analysis of unsaturated steady flows above the water table
Authors: Severino Gerardo , Scarfato Maddalena , Comegna Alessandro
Published: July 2017

Steady flow takes place into a three‐dimensional partially saturated porous medium where, due to their spatial variability, the saturated conductivity Ks, and the relative conductivity Kr are modeled as random space functions (RSF)s. As a consequence, the flow variables (FVs), i.e., pressure‐head and specific flux, are also RSFs. The focus of the present paper consists into quantifying the uncertainty of the FVs above the water table. The simple expressions (most of which in closed form) of the second‐order moments pertaining to the FVs allow one to follow the transitional behavior from the zone close to the water table (where the FVs are nonstationary), till to their far‐field limit (where the FVs become stationary RSFs). In particular, it is shown how the stationary limits (and the distance from the water table at which stationarity is attained) depend upon the statistical structure of the RSFs Ks, Kr, and the infiltrating rate. The mean pressure head
has been also computed, and it is expressed as
, being ψ a characteristic heterogeneity function which modifies the zero‐order approximation
of the pressure head (valid for a vadose zone of uniform soil properties) to account for the spatial variability of Ks and Kr. Two asymptotic limits, i.e., close (near field) and away (far field) from the water table, are derived into a very general manner, whereas the transitional behavior of ψ between the near/far field can be determined after specifying the shape of the various input soil properties. Besides the theoretical interest, results of the present paper are useful for practical purposes, as well. Indeed, the model is tested against to real data, and in particular it is shown how it is possible for the specific case study to grasp the behavior of the FVs within an environment (i.e., the vadose zone close to the water table) which is generally very difficult to access by direct inspection.
A Bi‐Sheath Fiber Sensor for Giant Tensile and Torsional Displacements
Authors: Wang Run , Jiang Nan , Su Jian , Yin Qu , Zhang Yue , Liu Zhongsheng , Lin Haibao , Moura Francisco A. , Yuan Ningyi , Roth Siegmar , Rome Richard S. , Ovalle‐Robles Raquel , Inoue Kanzan , Yin Shougen , Fang Shaoli , Wang Weichao , Ding Jianning , Shi Linqi , Baughman Ray H. , Liu Zunfeng
Published: July 2017

Current research about resistive sensors is rarely focusing on improving the strain range and linearity of resistance–strain dependence. In this paper, a bi‐sheath buckled structure is designed containing buckled carbon nanotube sheets and buckled rubber on rubber fiber. Strain decrease results in increasing buckle contact by the rubber interlayer and a large decrease in resistance. The resulting strain sensor can be reversibly stretched to 600%, undergoing a linear resistance increase as large as 102% for 0–200% strain and 160% for 200–600% strain. This strain sensor shows high linearity, fast response time, high resolution, excellent stability, and almost no hysteresis.
Metal‐Free Nitrile Diboration through Activation by an Electron‐Rich Diborane
Authors: Frick Markus , Kaifer Elisabeth , Himmel Hans‐Jörg
Published: July 2017

Diboration of unsaturated organic compounds is an extremely useful reaction in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report the first diboration of a nitrile by an electron‐rich diborane, mediated by an electrophilic borane. The reaction is metal‐free, and all of the reagents are readily available.
Variations in the Bioactive Compounds Composition and Biological Activities of Loofah (Luffa cylindrica) Fruits in Relation to Maturation Stages
Authors: Hlel Takoua Ben , Belhadj Feten , Gül Fatih , Altun Muhammed , Yağlıoğlu Ayşe Şahin , Demirtaş Ibrahim , Marzouki M. Nejib
Published: July 2017

The present work aimed to determine the antioxidant and antiproliferative potential of Luffa cylindrica fruits collected at two different maturation stages and to identify and compare their functional components composition. The MeOH extracts of L. cylindrica fruits harvested at 60 – 65 days after seeding (S1) and 85 – 90 days after seeding (S2) were investigated for their antioxidant activity using various assays. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activity of the extracts against HeLa human cervical cancer cells was explored with xCELLigence real time cell analyzer, while the effect of the samples on the membrane integrity of the same cell line was assessed using LDH cytotoxicity leakage assay. Ultimately, the phytochemicals were analyzed using GC/MS and HPLC/TOF‐MS. The S1 sample had higher contents and more diversity in the phenolic compounds composition than S2. Furthermore, the S1 extract showed the highest antioxidant and antiproliferative activity, while the S2 extract had higher cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells. The findings revealed that the time of harvest has a big impact on the phytochemicals content and activity and that harvesting L. cylindrica at an early stage before the beginning of the development of the cellulose fibrous system is recommended for a rich phytochemical composition and efficient antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.
Value of Biomarkers in the Prevention of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Finckh A , Alpizar‐Rodriguez D , Roux‐Lombard P
Published: July 2017

Recent diagnostic advances allow to identify persons in a pre‐symptomatic stage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), opening the way for a preventive therapeutic intervention, which may potentially be curative. We review and discuss existing biomarkers predictive of future onset of RA. A responsible use of biomarkers in clinical settings will require an integration of blood‐based tests, imaging techniques, clinical history, environmental risk factors, and family history.
A Hydroxamic Acid Anchoring Group for Durable Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Incorporating a Cobalt Redox Shuttle
Authors: Higashino Tomohiro , Kurumisawa Yuma , Cai Ning , Fujimori Yamato , Tsuji Yukihiro , Nimura Shimpei , Packwood Daniel M. , Park Jaehong , Imahori Hiroshi
Published: July 2017

A hydroxamic acid group has been employed for the first time as an anchoring group for cobalt‐based dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The porphyrin dye YD2‐o‐C8HA including a hydroxamic acid anchoring group exhibited a power conversion efficiency (η) of 6.4 %, which is close to that of YD2‐o‐C8, a representative porphyrin dye incorporating a conventional carboxylic acid. More importantly, YD2‐o‐C8HA was found to be superior to YD2‐o‐C8 in terms of both binding ability to TiO2 and durability of cobalt‐based DSSCs. Notably, YD2‐o‐C8HA photocells revealed a higher η‐value (4.1 %) than YD2‐o‐C8 (2.8 %) after 500 h illumination. These results suggest that the hydroxamic acid can be used for DSSCs with other transition‐metal‐based redox shuttle to ensure high cell durability as well as excellent photovoltaic performance.
Riparian and geomorphic controls on thermal habitat dynamics of pools in a temperate headwater stream
Authors: Ouellet Valerie , Gibson Emma E. , Daniels Melinda D. , Watson Nathan A.
Published: July 2017

Stream pools serve as habitat for diverse communities composed of microbes, macroinvertebrates, and fish. Every pool presents a combination of geomorphological features, and each pool habitat hosts a unique community. These communities are tied to the physical characteristics of their habitat, especially water temperature. The effects of geomorphology and hydraulic variables on thermal habitat dynamics in pools are not well understood. In this study, the thermal regime in important stream pool habitats was investigated in relation to their riparian and geomorphological features. Our results indicate that instream wood, groundwater resurgence, and depth can locally modify the pool thermal habitat and increase thermal buffering capacity during heat‐stress events. Our findings highlight the importance of riparian vegetation and in‐channel hydrogeomorphic features in controlling pool thermal habitats.
Effect of soil properties and hydrologic characteristics on plants in a restored calcareous quarry under a transitional arid to semiarid climate
Authors: Luna L. , Miralles I. , Lázaro R. , Contreras S. , Solé‐Benet A.
Published: July 2017

The addition of organic amendments and mulches to degraded soils is a common soil restoration strategy in calcareous quarries that has generated proven benefits in subhumid and semiarid environments. We evaluated their effects in a quarry located in SE Spain in an area of transition from arid to semiarid climate. Amendments consisted of sewage sludges from an urban water treatment plant and compost from urban organic wastes. Mulches consisted of siliceous fine gravels and woodchips. Effects on 3 native species (Macrochloa tenacissima, Anthyllis terniflora, and Anthyllis cytisoides) planted in 9 experimental plots (75 m2) were tested in a two‐way crossed design. Plant monitoring consisted of survival and growth assessment at months 6, 24, 36, and 48, and these results were related to the main soil properties and the hydrological behaviour by means of principal component analysis. The response to soil treatments of each plant species was different due to its own physiology: M. tenacissima had the highest average survival rate, 92%, although both Anthyllis species presented the lowest rates, that is, 15% and 36%, in A. terniflora and A. cytisoides, respectively. Plant growth was favoured by both organic amendments and especially by compost, which improved the hydrological soil behaviour. Conversely, mulches did not show effective results. Run‐off and soil loss were associated with treatments without amendment and without mulch or treatments with gravel mulch. Our results suggest that organic amendments, especially by improving the hydrological response, can create favourable conditions for revegetating with native species in restored mine soils.
Novel Enzymatic Rhodium Modified Poly(styrene‐g‐oleic amide) Film Electrode for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection
Authors: Samet Kilic Muhammet , Korkut Seyda , Hazer Baki
Published: July 2017

Newly synthesized poly(styrene‐g‐oleic amide) was coated onto a rhodium nanoparticle modified glassy carbon (GC) surface for the fabrication of horseradish peroxidase based biosensor used for hydrogen peroxide detection. The rhodium modifed electrode presented ten times higher signal than unmodified electrode even at low elecrtroactive enzyme quantity by enhancing the electron transfer rate at the applied potential of −0.65 V. The biosensor designed by under the optimized rhodium electrodeposition time exhibited a fast response less than 5 s, an excellent operational stability with a relative standard deviation of 0.6 % (n=6), an accuracy of 96 % and a large linear range between 50 μM and 120 mM for hydrogen peroxide. Detection limit and the sensitivity parameters were calculated to be 44 μM and 57 μA mM−1 cm−2, respectively by preserving its entire initial response up to the 15 days, while only 20 % of its initial response was lost at the end of one month.
An examination of the effect of aerosolized Permanone insecticide on zebra finch susceptibility to West Nile virus
Authors: Jankowski Mark D. , Moore Murray E. , Hofmeister Erik K.
Published: July 2017

West Nile virus (WNV) is maintained cryptically primarily in avian (passerine) populations, where it is transmitted by Culex spp. mosquitoes. Mosquito-control measures currently include physical activities to reduce mosquito-breeding sites and the application of mosquito larvicides or aerosolized insecticides to kill adults (adulticides) when arboviral diseases such as WNV or Zika virus are detected in mosquito populations. Organochlorine, organophosphorus, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides are often used. Previous work suggests an effect of pyrethroids on the immune system in a variety of vertebrates. We examined the effects of exposure to aerosolized Permanone® 30:30 insecticide (permethrin and piperonyl butoxide in soy oil vehicle) at approximately 103 to 106 times potential environmental concentrations on the response of captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) to experimental challenge with WNV. Compared to vehicle control birds, WNV outcome was unchanged (65% of birds produced a viremia) in the “low” exposure (9.52 ± 3.13 mg/m3 standard deviation [SD] permethrin) group but reduced in the “high” exposure (mean 376.5 ± 27.9 mg/m3 SD permethrin) group (30% were viremic; p < 0.05). After clearing WNV infection, birds treated with Permanone regained less body mass than vehicle-treated birds (p < 0.001). The present study suggests that exposure to aerosolized Permanone insecticide at levels exceeding typical application rates has the potential to not change or to mildly enhance a bird's resistance to WNV. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3376–3386. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Contribution of pyrethroids in large urban rivers to sediment toxicity assessed with benthic invertebrates Chironomus dilutus: A case study in South China
Authors: Cheng Fei , Li Huizhen , Qi Hongxue , Han Qian , You Jing
Published: July 2017

The importance of pyrethroids as potential stressors to benthic organisms has gradually become evident in urban creeks; however, the occurrence and toxicity of sediment-associated pyrethroids are rarely studied in large rivers. In this context, 10 sediments from a large urban river (Guangzhou reach of the Pearl River in China) were assessed for pyrethroid occurrence and sediment toxicity to the benthic invertebrate Chironomus dilutus. One half of the sediments exhibited lethality to C. dilutus in a 10-d exposure and all surviving midges showed significant change of enzymatic activity. Moreover, mortality occurred during a 20-d exposure for all the sediments, in accordance with the high hazard quotients to benthic species estimated from pyrethroid residues in sediment. Pyrethroids were detectable in all sediments with the concentrations ranging from 2.43 to 61.2 ng/g dry weight, and permethrin and cypermethrin dominated pyrethroid composition. Acute toxic units for pyrethroids ranged from 0.03 to 0.56 (cypermethrin accounted for 13–81%) and showed a direct relationship with sediment mortality among the midges. This is consistent with the studies on small creeks in Guangzhou in which sediment-bound cypermethrin was found as a main stressor to benthic invertebrates. Comparatively, sediment toxicity and pyrethroid residues in large rivers were significantly lower than those in nearby creeks (urban tributaries). The difference may be partially explained by differing flow rates and water-carrying capacity among waterbodies at different scales; further validation is required. Overall, extensive use of pyrethroids has caused a threat to benthic species not only in small creeks but also in large rivers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3367–3375. © 2017 SETAC
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Soil and Water Salinity in the South‐Western and South‐Central Coastal Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Shahriar , Sarker Md. Rakib Hasan , Mia Md. Younus
Published: July 2017

Salinity intrusion is one of the major water‐related problems in the coastal region of Bangladesh. The intention of this study was to discuss the spatial distribution of soil and water salinity with their severity levels using geospatial techniques. The spatial analysis shows about 222 300 ha of new land being affected by various degrees of soil salinity during the last four decades. The analysis revealed that the spatial extent of salinity has been following an increasing trend and the movement of soil salinity has moved north from the coast. An increasing trend of salinity concentration in the rivers has already been found in the Lower Meghna River, Alaipur Khal (creek) of Daratona River, Gorai Madhumati, Rupsa Passur River and Bishkhali River in different districts of coastal Bangladesh. The groundwater is contaminated with a high level of salinity, which affects sources of drinking water, agriculture and the irrigation sector. Increased soil and water salinity levels cause an unfavourable environmental and hydrological situation that restricts usual crop production throughout the year. This research will assist decision makers and planners in taking proper initiatives for developing integrated land and water resources management plans for the coastal regions, which have similar environmental settings along the Bay of Bengal. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone Strength Estimated by Micro-Finite Element Analysis (µFEA) Is Heritable and Shares Genetic Predisposition With Areal BMD: The Framingham Study
Authors: Karasik David , Demissie Serkalem , Lu Darlene , Broe Kerry E , Boyd Steven K , Liu Ching-Ti , Hsu Yi-Hsiang , Bouxsein Mary L , Kiel Douglas P
Published: July 2017

Genetic factors contribute to the risk of bone fractures, partly because of effects on bone strength. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) estimates bone strength using micro-finite element analysis (µFEA). The goal of this study was to investigate if the bone failure load estimated by HR-pQCT-based µFEA is heritable and to what extent it shares genetic regulation with areal bone mineral density (aBMD). Bone microarchitecture was measured by HR-pQCT at the ultradistal tibia and ultradistal radius in adults from the Framingham Heart Study (n = 1087, mean age 72 years; 57% women). Radial and tibial failure load in compression were estimated by µFEA. Femoral neck (FN) and ultradistal forearm (UD) aBMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Heritability (h2) of failure load and aBMD and genetic correlations between them was estimated adjusting for covariates (age and sex). Failure load values at the non-weight-bearing ultradistal radius and at the weight-bearing ultradistal tibia were highly correlated (r = 0.906; p < 0.001). Estimates of h2 adjusted for covariates were 0.522 for the radius and 0.497 for the tibia. Additional adjustment for height did not impact on the h2 results, but adjustment for aBMD at the UD and FN somewhat decreased h2 point estimates: 0.222 and 0.380 for radius and tibia, respectively. In bivariate analysis, there was a high phenotypic and genetic correlation between covariate-adjusted failure load at the radius and UD aBMD (ρP = 0.826, ρG = 0.954, respectively), whereas environmental correlations were lower (ρE = 0.696), all highly significant (p < 0.001). Similar correlations were observed between tibial failure load and femoral neck aBMD (ρP = 0.577, ρG = 0.703, both p < 0.001; ρE = 0.432, p < 0.05). These data from adult members of families from a population-based cohort suggest that bone strength of distal extremities estimated by micro-finite element analysis is heritable and shares some genetic composition with areal BMD, regardless of the skeletal site. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The ubiquitin ligase SCFFBXW7α promotes GATA3 degradation
Authors: Song Nan , Cao Cheng , Tang Yiman , Bi Liyuan , Jiang Yong , Zhou Yongsheng , Song Xin , Liu Ling , Ge Wenshu
Published: July 2017

GATA3 is a key transcription factor in cell fate determination and its dysregulation has been implicated in various types of malignancies. However, how the abundance and function of GATA3 are regulated remains unclear. Here, we report that GATA3 is physically associated with FBXW7α, and FBXW7α destabilizes GATA3 through assembly of a SKP1‐CUL1‐F‐box E3 ligase complex. Importantly, we showed that FBXW7α promotes GATA3 ubiquitination and degradation in a GSK3 dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated that FBXW7α inhibits breast cancer cells survival through destabilizing GATA3, and the expression level of FBXW7α is negatively correlated with that of GATA3 in breast cancer samples. This study indicated that FBXW7α is a critical negative regulator of GATA3 and revealed a pathway for the maintenance of GATA3 abundance in breast cancer cells.
Effect of Memantine on Serum Levels of Neuron‐Specific Enolase and on the Glasgow Coma Scale in Patients With Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Mokhtari Majid , Nayeb‐Aghaei Hossein , Kouchek Mehran , Miri Mir Mohammad , Goharani Reza , Amoozandeh Arash , Akhavan Salamat Sina , Sistanizad Mohammad
Published: July 2017

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death globally. Despite significant progress in neuromonitoring and neuroprotection, pharmacological interventions have failed to generate favorable results. We examined the effect of memantine on serum levels of neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), a marker of neuronal damage, and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in patients with moderate TBI. Patients were randomly assigned to the control group (who received standard TBI management) and the treatment group (who, alongside their standard management, received enteral memantine 30 mg twice daily for 7 days). Patients’ clinical data, GCS, findings of head computed tomography, and serum NSE levels were collected during the study. Forty‐one patients were randomized into the control and treatment groups, 19 and 22 patients respectively. Baseline characteristics and serum NSE levels were not significantly different between the 2 groups. The mean serum NSE levels for the memantine and the control groups on day 3 were 7.95 ± 2.86 and 12.33 ± 7.09 ng/mL, respectively (P= .05), and on day 7 were 5.03 ± 3.25 and 10.04 ± 5.72 ng/mL, respectively (P= .003). The mean GCS on day 3 was 12.3 ± 2.0 and 10.9 ± 1.9 in the memantine and control groups, respectively (P= .03). Serum NSE levels and GCS changes were negatively correlated (r= −0.368,P= .02). Patients with moderate TBI who received memantine had significantly reduced serum NSE levels by day 7 and marked improvement in their GCS scores on day 3 of the study.
Comparative study of submerged and surface culture acetification process for orange vinegar
Authors: Cejudo‐Bastante Cristina , Durán‐Guerrero Enrique , García‐Barroso Carmelo , Castro‐Mejías Remedios
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

The two main acetification methodologies generally employed in the production of vinegar (surface and submerged cultures) were studied and compared for the production of orange vinegar. Polyphenols (UPLC/DAD) and volatiles compounds (SBSE‐GC/MS) were considered as the main variables in the comparative study. Sensory characteristics of the obtained vinegars were also evaluated.

RESULTS

Seventeen polyphenols and 24 volatile compounds were determined in the samples during both acetification processes. For phenolic compounds, analysis of variance showed significant higher concentrations when surface culture acetification was employed. However, for the majority of volatile compounds higher contents were observed for submerged culture acetification process, and it was also reflected in the sensory analysis, presenting higher scores for the different descriptors. Multivariate statistical analysis such as principal component analysis demonstrated the possibility of discriminating the samples regarding the type of acetification process. Polyphenols such as apigenin derivative or ferulic acid and volatile compounds such as 4‐vinylguaiacol, decanoic acid, nootkatone, trans‐geraniol, β‐citronellol or α‐terpineol, among others, were those compounds that contributed more to the discrimination of the samples.

CONCLUSION

The acetification process employed in the production of orange vinegar has been demonstrated to be very significant for the final characteristics of the vinegar obtained. So it must be carefully controlled to obtain high quality products. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Temporal Dynamics of Sediment Sources in an Urbanizing Mediterranean Catchment
Authors: Ferreira Carla S.S. , Walsh Rory P.D. , Blake William H. , Kikuchi Ryunosuke , Ferreira António J.D.
Published: July 2017

The identification of sediment sources is important for catchment management, but few studies have been performed in Mediterranean areas. This study uses a multiproxy sediment fingerprinting approach to explore sources and dynamics of fluvial sediments in a rapidly urbanizing Portuguese peri‐urban catchment. X‐ray fluorescence was used to characterize the elemental geochemistry of sediments collected within the stream network after three storm events in 2012 and 2015. A range of statistical techniques, including hierarchical cluster analysis, was used to identify discriminant sediment properties and similarities between fine bed sediment samples of tributaries and downstream sites. Quantification of sediment supply from upstream sub‐catchments was undertaken using established sediment fingerprinting approaches.

The geochemistry of the sediments was found to be influenced by both lithology and land‐use changes. In 2012, the sandstone sub‐catchment provided 75% of the <63 μm and 94% of the 63–125 and 125–2000 μm sediment, mostly from an Enterprise Park site undergoing deforestation and construction (covering 5% of the catchment area), with most of the remaining sediment deriving from the construction of a major road (1% of the catchment) in the limestone sub‐catchment. In 2015, planned and accidental retention basins below the Enterprise Park and major road sites, respectively, prevented some sediment from reaching the stream network, thereby reducing their importance as sediment sources. Sediment mobilization in urban areas with paved roads was small in comparison, but characterized by high heavy metal concentrations. The sediment fingerprinting approach adopted shows promise in identification of the main sources of sediments, necessary to underpin improved peri‐urban management strategies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic and Soil Environmental Benefits of Using Controlled‐Release Bulk Blending Urea in the North China Plain
Authors: Zhou Zijun , Shen Yazhen , Du Changwen , Zhou Jianmin , Qin Yusheng , Wu Yuejin
Published: July 2017

Crop production must be increased in order to ensure a sustainable food supply for the growing world population. Controlled‐release urea (CRU) improves nutrient use efficiency and saves labor, but its use in crop production is limited due to its high cost. Bulk blending urea (BBU) consists of both CRU and conventional urea and could be an excellent substitute or replacement for CRU. Nevertheless, its economic benefits and soil environment impact are unknown. A 3‐year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two different nitrogen management practices in terms of economic benefits, soil mineral nitrogen availability, aggregate stability, and soil microbial communities. Split applications of conventional urea (UREA) and a single application of BBU were tested on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and summer maize (Zea mays L.) in the North China Plain between 2010 and 2013. Crop yields were measured after each harvest, and soil environmental parameters were determined after the 3‐year crop sequence. Relative to UREA, BBU significantly increased net revenue, soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, and the functional diversity of the soil microbial community without adverse effects on the soil bacterial community composition. On the other hand, BBU reduced the amount of soil macro‐aggregates and the mean weight diameter value of soil water‐stable aggregates. Although BBU showed great potential for improving wheat–maize cropping systems in the North China Plain, future studies should focus on optimizing the nitrogen dosage and the CRU ratio in BBU to decrease nitrogen leaching, avoid soil aggregate deterioration, and maintain crop yield. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Economic Impact of Smoke‐Free Policies on Restaurants, Cafés, and Bars: Panel Data Estimates From European Countries
Authors: Pieroni Luca , Salmasi Luca
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we investigate the extent to which the economic outcomes of restaurants, bars, and cafés have been affected by the introduction of anti‐smoking regulations in Europe. We use an unexploited panel database to collect a comprehensive set of information on financial indicators regarding the balance sheets of private and public companies in various economic sectors. The results show that smoke‐free policies did not significantly affect the firms’ economic performance, irrespective of the balance sheet indicators analyzed. Moreover, the results are robust to various econometric specifications and suggest that the recent enforcement of anti‐smoking legislation in Europe has improved public health without a corresponding negative impact on revenues and employment in the hospitality industry.
Effects of multiwall carbon nanotube and perfluoroalkane additives on the sound absorption properties of flexible polyurethane foams
Authors: Ryu Seung Chan , Kim Do Hoon , Kim Jiwan , Lee Jung Wook , Kim Woo Nyon
Published: July 2017

The sound absorption properties and airflow resistivity of polyurethane foams (PUFs) with multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), perfluoroalkane (PFA), dimethylsiloxane (HMDS), and MWCNT/PFA hybrid additives were investigated with varying additive content. The results show the close relationship of the sound absorption coefficient and airflow resistivity, and increasing flow resistivity was found to improve the sound absorption coefficient of the PUF. For the PUF with MWCNT (at 0.50 phr)/PFA (at 1.25 phr) hybrid additives, the sound absorption coefficient and airflow resistivity were 0.80 (in the frequency range of 1,600–2,500 Hz) and 439,900 Ns/m4, respectively, which were the highest values among the investigated additive species and additive content. The sound absorption coefficient of the PUF with MWCNT (at 0.50 phr)/PFA (at 1.25 phr) was increased by 82.0% compared to that of the PUF without additives, probably because the PUF has the smallest cell size among the additive species and compositions investigated in this study. The results of the sound absorption coefficient, airflow resistivity, and cell size of the PUF suggest that to decrease the cell size and to increase the tortuous paths of the foams, MWCNT/PFA hybrid additives appeared to be the most effective additives and showed synergistic effects in the formation of PUF, and its small cell size increased the sound absorption properties of PUF. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1087–E1098, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
A rare polyglycine type II‐like helix motif in naturally occurring proteins
Authors: Warkentin Eberhard , Weidenweber Sina , Schühle Karola , Demmer Ulrike , Heider Johann , Ermler Ulrich
Published: July 2017

Common structural elements in proteins such as α‐helices or β‐sheets are characterized by uniformly repeating, energetically favorable main chain conformations which additionally exhibit a completely saturated hydrogen‐bonding network of the main chain NH and CO groups. Although polyproline or polyglycine type II helices (PPII or PGII) are frequently found in proteins, they are not considered as equivalent secondary structure elements because they do not form a similar self‐contained hydrogen‐bonding network of the main chain atoms. In this context our finding of an unusual motif of glycine‐rich PGII‐like helices in the structure of the acetophenone carboxylase core complex is of relevance. These PGII‐like helices form hexagonal bundles which appear to fulfill the criterion of a (largely) saturated hydrogen‐bonding network of the main‐chain groups and therefore may be regarded in this sense as a new secondary structure element. It consists of a central PGII‐like helix surrounded by six nearly parallel PGII‐like helices in a hexagonal array, plus an additional PGII‐like helix extending the array outwards. Very related structural elements have previously been found in synthetic polyglycine fibers. In both cases, all main chain NH and CO groups of the central PGII‐helix are saturated by either intra‐ or intermolecular hydrogen‐bonds, resulting in a self‐contained hydrogen‐bonding network. Similar, but incomplete PGII‐helix patterns were also previously identified in a GTP‐binding protein and an antifreeze protein.