bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Aquatic worms and infected snails with Digenean larvae
Authors: Jaweir Haifa J. , Abid-Ali Hasna'a H.
Published: March 2024

Six species of aquatic snails were sorted from three sites, the irrigation canal of Baghdad University campus (S1), River Tigris at Al-Za'afaraniah district / Baghdad(S2) , and River Euphrates at Al-Haideriah district Al-Najaf province(S2). The species included Melanopsis nodosa ;Melanoides tuberculata ; Thaiodaxsas jordani ; Lymnaea auricularia ; Physa acuta and Bellamya bengalensis. The first specis recorded the highest total number and was found in high density in the R. Euphrates site (S3), while the last species was the most widely distributed species, and found in all study sites. The last three species were found in Tigris river (S2) , while the first and last species were collected from the irrigation canal (S1).The result revealed that the species M. nodosa, M. tuberculata and L. auricularia were infected with Digenean larval stages, and the first species recorded the highest infection percentage of 60.04%, and the lowest percentage of 5.70% was recorded in L. auriculari , while M. tuberculata recorded a percentage of 38.98%.The oligochaetes Chaetogaster limnaei was sorted from the mantle cavity of L. auriculari and P. acuta, and it was noted that the first species accommodated more worms numbers than the second species. Twelve Species of family Naididae worms (subfamily Naidinae and subfamily Pristininae) , in addition to Aeolosoma leidyi of family Aeolosomatidae were sorted from the specific aquarium of each snail species. The leech Glossiphonia heteroclite was also recorded. The Nematodes worms were recorded the highest number sorted from the aquarium of L.auricularia, which are the most associate species, and 10 species of 49 individuals of worms were sorted from its aquarium, specially Dero ( Dero)digitata. In general, the infected snails, M. nodusa, M. tuberculata, and L. auricularia showed the highest association with worms, and from their aquaria 48, 37 , and 49 individuals of worms . with a number of 8,3, and 18 species respectively.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Paracetamol in bulk and Pharmaceutical Preparations
Authors: Ahmed Rafah K. , Muhammad Saud S. , Khodaer Enaas A.
Published: March 2024

A simple, and rapid spectrophotometric method for the estimation of paracetamol has been developed. The methods is based on diazotisation of 2,4-dichloroaniline followed by a coupling reaction with paracetamol in sodium hydroxide medium. All variables affecting the reaction conditions were carefully studied. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 4-350 ?gml?1 at 490 nm .The method is successfully employed for the determination of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations. No interferes observed in the proposed method. Analytical parameters such as accuracy and precision have been established for the method and evaluated statistically to assess the application of the method.
Separation and Determination of Some Organic Acids in Dry Calyces of Iraqi Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn
Authors: Ibrahim Sarah K , Hasan Berween A. , Khalaf Kareem D.
Published: March 2024

A new reversed phase- high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometry has been optimized and validated for the simultaneous extraction and determination of organic acids present in Iraqi calyces of Hibiscus Sabdraffia Linn. The method is based on using ultrasonic bath for extracting organic acids. Limit of detection in µg/ml of Formic acid, Acetic acid, Oxalic acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid, and Malic acid 126.8498×10-6, 113.6005×10-6, 97.0513×10-6, 49.7925×10-6, 84.0753×10-6, 92.6551×10-6, and 106.1633×10-6 ,respectively. The concentration of organic acids found in dry spacemen of calyces of Iraqi Hibiscus Sabdraffia Linn. under study: Formic acid, Acetic acid, Oxalic acid, Citric acid, Succinic acid, Tartaric acid, and Malic acid are 114.896 µg/g, 64.722 µg/g, 342.508 µg/g, 126.902 µg/g, 449.91 µg/g, 268.52 µg/g, and 254.07 µg/g respectively.
On Fully (m,n)-stable modules relative to an ideal A of
Authors: Ali Muna J. M.
Published: March 2024

Let R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity element. For two fixed positive integers m and n. A right R-module M is called fully (m,n) -stable relative to ideal A of , if for each n-generated submodule of Mm and R-homomorphism . In this paper we give some characterization theorems and properties of fully (m,n) -stable modules relative to an ideal A of . which generalize the results of fully stable modules relative to an ideal A of R.
Steganography in Audio Using Wavelet and DES
Authors: Ali Rasha H.
Published: March 2024

In this paper, method of steganography in Audio is introduced for hiding secret data in audio media file (WAV). Hiding in audio becomes a challenging discipline, since the Human Auditory System is extremely sensitive. The proposed method is to embed the secret text message in frequency domain of audio file. The proposed method contained two stages: the first embedding phase and the second extraction phase. In embedding phase the audio file transformed from time domain to frequency domain using 1-level linear wavelet decomposition technique and only high frequency is used for hiding secreted message. The text message encrypted using Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm. Finally; the Least Significant bit (LSB) algorithm used to hide secret message in high frequency. The proposed approach tested in different sizes of audio file and showed the success of hiding according to (PSNR) equation.
The Role of Filamentous Bacteria Streptomyces sp. in Reduction of Some Nutrients Concentrations in AL- Restomia Waste water Treatment Plant, Baghdad -Iraq
Authors: Ail Athraa A. , Al-Hussieny Ahmed A. , Taha Amena S. , Kadhim Suadad A
Published: March 2024

The role of filamentous bacteria represented by Streptomycessp was studied as biological treatment for activated sludge AL- Restomia treatment unit in Baghdad city. The result shows reducing in phosphate concentration where apprise in started entrance the treatment unit 12.083 mg/L fast the unit stages reached to 8.426 mg /L where nitrate concentration apprises 3.59 mg/l and ending in 2.43 mg/L The concentration of ammonia apprises 1358 mg/L and reached to 140 mg/L. also the TDS concentration reduced from 1426 to 1203 mg/L where nutrient which represented (SO4, Mg, Ca, Na, K) reduced by range 30.883- 23.337 , 194- 121 , 440- 321 , 109.03- 101.53 and 16.85- 15.4mg/L respectively COD reduce from427.263- 82mg/L with absorbance0.018- 0.027 nm.
The age-specific fecundity life tables of Planococcus citri Risso and important predators attack in Baghdad
Authors: AL-Rubeae Jawad K. , AL-Kafagei Sahar M.
Published: March 2024

Reproduction potential and age –specific fecundity of the Mealybug Planococcus citri Risso were studied in the laboratories of Biological control research unit,college of Agriculture –Baghdad university at 25± 2Cº and 60-70% R.H.with 16 light:8 dark photo period.The results showed that the survival ratio began to decline at the 38th day, the average female age was 20 days ,while the average age was 8 days at the first reproduction . Net reproduction rate ( Ro ) was 58.59 female female generation which prove that the population of the mealybug was of the unstable kind , intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.118 femalefemale and the average length period of generation ( T ) was 34.30 days . Many local predators attack the mealybug such as two species of chrysopid ,Chrysoperla carnea and C.mutata and the Dipterian predator Dicrodiplosis manhoti. Also more than 10 coccinellid predators, such as, Nephus jaderiensis , Scymnus syriacus , coccinella septempunctata and C.undecimipunctata .This predators play important role as a bio-control agents to decline the population densities of mealybug naturally in IRAQ .
Study the infection with intestinal protozoa Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia among Patients who attending Bint Al- Huda for maternity and children hospital and Al hussin hospital in Nassriyia city in Thi-Qar province
Authors: Al-Aboody Basad A. , Kareem Sahara , Al-Rekabi NuhaJ
Published: March 2024

The aims of this study the infection with parasites Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia and prevalence rates and their relationship with gende , age group , the number of family members and source of drinking water among the patients at attending the Bint Al Huda and Al- Hussin Teaching hospital in Nassriyia city in Thi- Qar province , it was noticed that the percentage of parasitic infection at females was 38.55% and at males was 61.45% and the percentage of parasitic infection with Entamoeba histolytica 97% was higher than the percentage of parasitic infection with Giardia lamblia 3%,and the reduction of percentage of infection is associated with increasing of the number of family member ,the percentage of infection was 49% at the age group less than one year while it was 4% at the age group more than 15 year ,and the percentage of infection was increasing with number of family members .It was noticed that the higher percentage of infection was (45%) at families with members more than 15 person
Methionine as a Spacer between Poly Acrylic acid and Ampicillin
Authors: Ali Firyal M. , Ali Saif M.
Published: March 2024

In this work a novel drug delivery system through modification of poly acrylic acid with Methionine as a spacer between the poly acrylic acid which was converted to its acyl chloride and reacted with Methionine as spacer unit which has been reacted with Ampicillin drug. In vitro drug release study had been conducted successfully in basic medium in pH 7.4 and acidic medium in pH 1.1 at 37?. Due to many problems associated with drug release and, this modification could decrease the side effect of drug. The prepared prodrug polymer was characterized by spectra method [FTIR and 1H?NMR]. Physical properties and intrinsic viscosity of drug polymer were determined. The good results were obtained in the presence of spacer unit with comparing without spacer unit.
Evaluation of the level of Some Heavy Metals in Tobacco of Domestic and Imported Cigarette Brands Used in Iraq
Authors: Karbon Majed H. , Ali Faliah H. , Hasan Enas J , Znad Duraid E. , Zamil Saad K. , Lafi Aamer F
Published: March 2024

Smoking-related diseases can be attributed to the inhalation of many different toxins, including heavy metals, which have a host of harmful health effects. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether local and imported cigarette brands used in Iraq , have they elevated levels of metals or not .Three metals Lead (Pb) , Cadmium (Cd) and Chromium(Cr) were determined in tobacco of seventeen brands of imported cigarettes commonly available in Iraq and three Iraqi domestic cigarettes , which were randomly taken from retail market in Baghdad by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The produced data of imported and local cigarette brands were discussed and compared together and with studies from elsewhere .The results obtained showed that mean concentrations of lead for all cigarette brands was 5.87 ?g/g dry weight (range 2.27-11,67 ?g/g) , cadmium 0.57?g/g dry weight (range 0.1-1.57 ?g/g) and chromium 3.77?g/g dry weight (range 0.0-11.21 ?g/g) ..There was a large variability in Pb, Cd and Cr content of samples of cigarettes. Pb concentration was the highest, followed by Cr while Cd was the lowest. The investigation confirmed that most of the Iraqi and imported cigarettes in Iraq are contaminated with Pb, Cd, and Cr and quantitatively their distribution is clearly above the safer limits of WHO.
Calculation of Radial Electron-Electron Distribution function and Expectation Values for Li-Atom in Excited States 1s 2p, 1s 3p and 1s 3d
Authors: AL-Bayati Khalil H. , Kareem Ali A. , Madhkoor Naeemah CH.
Published: March 2024

The electron correlation for inter-shells (1s 2p), (1s 3p) and (1s 3d) was described by the inter-particle radial distribution function f(r12). It was evaluated for Li-atom in the different excited states (1s2 2p), (1s2 3p) and (1s2 3d) using Hartree-Fock approximation (HF). The inter particle expectation values for these shells were also evaluated. The calculations were performed using Mathcad 14 program.
The Effect of nano particles of TiO2-Al2O3 on the Mechanical properties of epoxy Hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Al-Rawi Khalid R. , Taha Sarah Kh.
Published: March 2024

Preparation of epoxy/ TiO2 and epoxy/ Al2O3 nanocomposites is studed and investigated in this paper. The nano composites are processed by different nano fillers concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.02 ,0.03, 0.04 ,0.05 ,0.07 and 0.1 wt%). The particles sized of TiO2,Al2O3 are about 20–50 nm.Epoxy resin and nano composites containing different shape nano fillers of (TiO2:Al2O3 composites),are shear mixing with ratio 1 to 1,with different nano hybrid fillers concentrations( 0.025 ,0.0 5 ,0.15 ,0.2, and 0.25 wt%) to Preparation of epoxy/ TiO2- Al2O3 hybrid composites. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites such as bending ,wearing, and fatigue are investigated as mechanical properties.
The Effect of The Electrochemical Deposition Potential Variation on The Coating of Hydroxyatite on Commertialy pure Titanium (CpTi) and Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Hasan Aqeel F. , Hammody Jamal F. , Aneed Shaymaa H.
Published: March 2024

In this research we investigated the corrosion behavior of the commertialy pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy that coated with hydroxyapatite by electrochemical deposition with applied voltage (6,9,12) Volt from aqueous solution containing Ca(NO3)2.H2O =7.0 gm/l , (NH4)2HPO4 =3.5 gm/l , Na(NO3)2 = 8.5 gm/l in order to improve the bonding strength of hydroxyapetite and medical metals and alloys and increasing the biocompatibility. The coating layer morphology was investigated by XRD, Optical microscope , and SEM tests, the corrosio tests was made by use senthesys simulated body fluid (SBF) , and we found that the propreate voltage for coatint on Ti was 9 Volt and for Ti-6Al-4Vwas12Volt.
Evaluating molecular study of the association of Glutathione S – Transferase GST (T1 , M1) genetic polymorphism in Iraqi Arab Femals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Mahmood Marwa M. , Al-Essa Nagham E. , Salman Isam N. , Shihab Batool A.
Published: March 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major health concern and leading of death in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glutathione S – Transferase(GST) are known for their broad range of detoxification and in the metabolism of xenobiotics . The role of functional variants of these genes in the development of various disorder is proven. We investigated the possible role of these variants in the development of CAD in T2DM patients. In this case – control study a total of 60 patients (T2DM = 30 ; T2DM – CAD = 30) and 30 controls were included. Serum lipid profiles were measured and DNA was extracted from the blood samples. Multiplex PCR for GSTT1/M1 (present / null) polymorphism, were performed for genotyping of study participants. Gene frequency and lipid profiles were statistically analyzed for disease association. Regression analysis showed that, there was no significant difference of the frequency of GSTT1 (positive /null) genotype and GSTM1 (positive /null) genotype in the 3 study groups . GSTT1 – positive genotype is associated with a 0.51 fold increased ( OR = 0.51 ; 95%CI = 2- 0.1 ;P = 0.321 ) , while the GSTM1 – positive genotype was associated with a 3 fold increase ( OR = 3.06 ; 95%CI=1- 9.7 ; P = 0.055) .We conclude GSTT1 positive genotype considered to be a protective risk from CAD in T2DM patients . The GSTM1 – positive genotype it was considered to be a risk factor of the CAD in T2DM patients.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial of 2,3-Dihydrobenzo Thiazole-2-Carboxylic Acid Complexes with Some Selected Metal Ions
Authors: Naji Shaymaa H.
Published: March 2024

A new ligand 2,3-dihydrobenzo [d] thiazole-2-carboxylic acid (L) has been prepared from the reaction of ortho amino phenyl thiol with dichloroacetic acid in mole ratio (1:1). It has been characterized by elemental analysis (C.H.N.), IR, UV- Vis.spectraand 1H, 13C-NMR. A new series complexes of the bivalent ions (Co, Ni, Cu, Pd, Cd, Hg and Pb) and the trivalent (Cr) have been prepared and characterized too. The structural has been established by elemental analysis (C.H.N.), IR, UV-Vis. spectra, molar conductivity, atomic absorption and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
The synthesized complexes were prepared in (1:2) ratio correspond to (Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Pb(II) complexes while in case Cr(III) complex is (1:1) ratio (M:L). ?, Kf for (Cr(III), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II)) were estimated too. The complexes showed characteristics octahedral geometry with the (O,N) ligand coordinated in bidentate mode except with Pd showed square planer. The study of biological activity of ligand (L) and its complexes showed various activities toward Staphylococcus aureusand E. coli.
Energy Calculation for Excited Lithium Atom in Position Space
Authors: AL-Bayati Khalil H. , Al-Baiti Khalid Omar
Published: March 2024

The energy expectation values for Li and Li-like ions ( , and ) have been calculated and examined within the ground state and the excited state in position space. The partitioning technique of Hartree-Fock (H-F) has been used for existing wave functions.
Multimineral Modeling and Brittleness Index Estimation Using Core and Geophysical Well Log Data in the East Bokaro Coalfield of India
Authors: Banerjee A.
Published: March 2024

—Accurate assessment of mineral content and the brittleness index (BI) is crucial for designing effective hydraulic fracturing treatments in coal seams, a parameter required in the East Bokaro Coalfield in India. This study combines sidewall-core and well log data, focusing on well A-1, where X-ray diffraction analysis of sidewall cores was conducted to identify mineral content. The obtained mineralogical data were extrapolated to well A-2 through a synthesis of well log parameters, X-ray diffraction analysis, and prior research results. Linear regression equations incorporating known minerals and well log data as input parameters were employed to calculate volumetric mineral content in the formations. The reliability of the model was validated by assessing the minimal difference between predicted and observed log curves. Furthermore, the brittleness index was determined using both geomechanical methods based on compressional wave velocity and mineralogical methods incorporating quartz, feldspar, and dolomite content. Comparative analysis of BI values demonstrated a consistent trend, while variations in the mineralogic BI were observed in relation to mineral content. This study not only establishes a continuous multimineral model for cases with unavailable core data but also contributes to advancing the understanding of mineral content variations. Additionally, the correlation between BI variations and mineral contents enhances our knowledge of the geomechanical properties essential for design of hydraulic fracturing in coal formations. The results presented herein offer valuable insights for optimizing hydraulic fracturing strategies in the East Bokaro Coalfield and provide a foundation for further research in similar geologic settings.
Experimental Investigation and Computational Insights of Enhanced Rheological Stability of Water-Based Drilling Fluids by Microspherical Polymers
Authors: Xu Lin , Shen Jiamin , Xu Mingbiao , Wu Shuqi , Wang Xiaotang , Bao Yu , Huang Meilan , Yu Chunyan , Ding Yu
Published: March 2024

3D bulk polymer, as an alternative to linear polymer, has exhibited large potential in formulating high-performance water-based drilling fluids. Understanding the mechanism behind the enhanced rheological stability of drilling fluids by microspherical polymers is critical for designing and developing new high-performance drilling fluids. In this work, we conducted a pioneering investigation that integrated experimental techniques with computational modeling, to explore the enhancement mechanism involved in the targeted drilling fluids. Inverse emulsion polymerization experiments were first carried out to fabricate the microspherical polymer acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and 2-acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid [P(AA-AM-AMPS)], and then physicochemical properties of microspherical polymer were characterized. Subsequently, the performance of drilling fluids with microspherical polymer as an additive was systematically evaluated. Finally, molecular simulations were used to investigate the characteristics of chemical active sites, molecular conformation, and structural variation at various temperatures. The results showed that the final microspherical polymer has a core-shell structure, with an average size of 198.3 nm and a molecular weight of 6.2×106 g/mol. The 3D structure exhibits good thermal stability, and thermal decomposition occurs above 220°C. The drilling fluids formulated with the microspherical polymer showed better rheological stability in the medium-low (4–65°C) and medium-ultrahigh (40–240°C) temperature ranges, compared with the relevant drilling fluids with the parallel linear polymer. Analyses on electrostatic potentials (ESPs) and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) revealed that active groups within the confined sphere domain mainly include carbonyl C = O and amide -CO(NH2). Additionally, these active groups exhibit a hierarchical distribution in the outer molecular region. Analyses on the radius of gyration (Rg) and the radial distribution function g(r) further validated the core-shell structure of microspherical polymer and its temperature-resistant stability. Moreover, a new self-consistent structural compensation model was proposed to rationalize the structure-activity relationship of microspherical polymer in drilling fluids. The computational results align well with the experimental findings. This pioneering work will provide valuable information for both the synthesis of new functional additives and the formulation of tailored-performance drilling fluids.
Near-Wellbore Salinity Effect on Sand Control Plugging by Fines Migration in Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage Producer Wells
Authors: Dadjou Hoda , Miri Rahman , Salimi Mahmoud , Nouri Alireza
Published: March 2024

Sand control screens are necessary for steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) wells drilled into oil sands to prevent sand production. However, the accumulation of mobilized fine particles near the wellbore can result in screen plugging, adversely affecting the well’s flow performance. This research assesses the effects of formation water salinity on fines migration and the flow performance of sand control screens in SAGD wells. The study primarily examines these effects through sand retention testing (SRT) conducted under representative rock and multiphase flow conditions.

This research developed a novel SRT methodology, which implemented the salinity effect in multiphase flow through sandpack and sand control screen. Two sand retention tests were designed, both using identical procedures in two-phase fluid flow (oil and brine), flow rate, and water cut. The first test used constant salinity, emulating existing SRT procedures in the literature. The second test, however, used gradually reducing levels of salinity to emulate declining salinities around SAGD production wells caused by the flow of condensed steam.

The results indicated a significant decrease in the retained permeability of the screen coupon due to fines migration triggered by the reduction of salinity. Single-phase oil flow stages did not show noticeable produced fine particles at the outlet. In two-phase flow conditions, high flow rate and water cut stages induced higher produced fine particles under constant salinity, reflecting the hydrodynamic effects in fines migration. However, observations confirmed a substantial mass concentration of fine particles was mobilized, retained, and produced by reducing salinity.

The findings of this study reveal the importance of the salinity effect on fines migration and the flow performance of SAGD wells where high saline formation water is diluted by low-saline condensate steam. Testing results indicate the necessity of incorporating the chemical effects in sand retention tests. Further research considering high-pressure and high-temperature conditions around SAGD wells and interactions with other formation damage mechanisms would extend this research.
Geophysical Case Study for Archaeological Impact Assessment at Fort Emma, Kanowit, Sarawak
Authors: Bujeng Velat , Masnan Shyeh Sahibul Karamah , Ramle Sairul , Albert Deejay Daxter A. , Ismail Nur Azwin
Published: March 2024

The primary purpose of this research is to collect data and save the archaeological context (material culture) in-situ before being disturbed by conservation activities and upgrading the site of Kubu Emma, Kanowit, Sarawak. This research applied a systematic and multidisciplinary method to obtain maximum data to solve the issue of historical chronology and archaeological context to strengthen further the culture that took place when this site since the reign of Rajah Brooke. The approach applied at this site is divided into three main stages, namely i) geophysical (GPR) and archaeological fieldwork and ii) laboratory analysis, and iii) data interpretation. In general, the results of the GPR survey show three soil layers: the L2 layer at a depth of 0.3–0.4 meters and the L3 layer at 1.0-1.2 meters. Determination of the building's foundation structure has shown that it is at a depth of no more than 0.6 meters deep. Excavations carried out in section A have revealed in-situ artifacts from spit six to spit 15 (50–60 cm), while in section B, artifacts were found at spit four and continued until spit 14. Among the archaeological context, evidence found are porcelain shards, stoneware shards, metal objects, glass shards, earthenware shards, and others.
Inhibitory effects of some metal complexes on four culturable bacteria isolated from indoor air of 30 Unilorin offices
Authors: ADETITUN David Olugbenga , Suberu Rebecca , Rajee Abdullahi Ola
Published: March 2024

Microbial contamination indoors significantly impacts air quality and human health. This study focused on microbial contamination in indoor environments, specifically in 30 offices at the University of Ilorin. The research aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify bacteria present in the indoor air. Additionally, the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated bacteria to four metal complexes was examined. Two offices were sampled in each of the fifteen faculties using the settling plate technique over a five-week period. The bacterial colonies were counted, expressed in cfu m-3, and purified for identification using molecular tools based on 16S rRNA. Four metal complexes (Co(suf)AMZ, Mn(suf)AMZ, Cu(suf)AMZ, and Ni(suf)AMZ) were tested for antibiotic sensitivity using the agar well diffusion method. The study found three Bacillus species and one Pseudomonas species among the isolated bacteria. Bacillus pumilus was consistently present in all offices throughout the entire sampling period. Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus subtilis appeared in all offices sampled in the fifth week. The total bacterial count ranged from 215 cfu m-3 to 11,164 cfu m-3. Metal complexes Co(suf)AMZ and Ni(suf)AMZ did not inhibit Bacillus altitudinis, while Ni(suf)AMZ, Mn(suf)AMZ, and Cu(suf)AMZ inhibited the growth of Bacillus pumilus. The environmental conditions of the offices showed a maximum temperature of 36.0 oC, a minimum of 27.1 oC, a maximum relative humidity of 54±3.5 %, and a minimum of 30±0.7 %. The study recommends proper sanitation in offices to reduce the risk of opportunistic infections associated with the identified bacteria and enhancement of the complexes used.
How hard is Octopus maya embryo’s life?
Authors: Ramos-Rodriguez Sadot , Ortega Karen , Mendez-Can Luisa , Galindo-Sanchez Clara , Galindo-Torres Pavel , Ventura Claudia , Mascaró Maite , Caamal-Monsreal Claudia , Rodríguez Gabriela , Díaz Fernando , Rosas Carlos
Published: March 2024

Embryos inherit ROS (reactive oxygen species) from females, suggesting they are produced in females due to the metabolic processes that occur in the ovary during the last part of the yolk synthesis and implying ROS production in females is a natural part of their reproductive processes. Embryos have a piece of genetic machinery to produce antioxidant/detoxification enzymes. ANTIOX enzymes help reduce ROS levels once organogenesis is completed and indicate the embryos are prepared to buffer and neutralize the ROS inherited from females. Thus, the present study provides some information on SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and HIF1 (hypoxia-inducible factor 1) gene expressions during embryonic development. CAT gene expression is present from the first developmental stage, increases during organogenesis, and remains stable until hatching indicates that this gene is maintained throughout the embryonic development process. For SOD genes that SOD1 expression is present from the first development stage. Regarding the HIF1A gene, ROS induces its expression and is crucial for embryonic vascularization, suggesting that this gene expression may be elevated during the embryonic development activation stage when mitochondrial ROS production increases. ROS in O. maya eggs were controlled by embryos during the embryo growth phase. When measuring HMR, stimulated by the increase in temperature (30°C), the embryos maintain a metabolic rate very similar to their RMR measured at 24°C.
Selective monodeuteration enabled by bisphosphonium catalyzed ring opening processes
Authors: Zuo Zhiwei , Xu Yuanli , Chen Wenlong , Pu Ruihua , Ding Jia , An Qing , Yang Yi , Liu Weimin
Published: March 2024

The selective incorporation of a deuterium atom into small molecules with high selectivity is highly valuable for medical and chemical research. Unfortunately, this remains challenging due to the complete deuteration caused by commonly used hydrogen isotope exchange strategies. We report the development of a photocatalytic selective monodeuteration protocol utilizing C–C bond as the unconventional functional handle. The synergistic combination of radical-mediated C–C bond scission and deuterium atom transfer processes has enabled the effective constructions of benzylic CDH moieties with high selectivity for monodeuteration. The combinational use of a bisphosphonium photocatalyst, thiol catalyst, and CH3OD deuteration agent has provided operationally simple conditions for photocatalytic monodeuteration. Moreover, the photoinduced electron transfer process of the bisphosphonium photocatalyst has been elucidated through a series of spectroscopy experiments, identifying a peculiar back electron transfer process that can be regulated by subsequent nucleophilic additions.
In vitro anthelmintic efficacy of Ferulic and Sinapic acid against zoonotic cestode Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819)
Authors: Saha Samiparna , Mondal Chandrani , Mandal Sudeshna , Ray Mou Singha , Lyndem Larisha
Published: March 2024

The present study is aimed to investigate potential in vitro anthelmintic efficacy of two phenolic compounds Ferulic acid and Sinapic acid against the parasite Hymenolepis diminuta. Adult parasites collected from infected rat’s intestine (maintained in our laboratory) were treated with 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL concentrations of both the compounds in RPMI-1640 media containing 1% Tween 20. Further, one group was treated in Praziquantel as a reference drug and another group of parasites were kept as control. The efficacy was evaluated on the basis of motility and mortality of the parasites. The paralyzed worms were further processed for the morphological and ultrastructural studies and observed through light and scanning electron microscopy. A significant dose-dependent efficacy was found in all treatment and decrease in relative movability value was also recorded in all the concentrations of two compounds treated parasites. The time taken for paralysis in 5 mg/mL of Ferulic acid and 10 mg/mL of Sinapic acid were 1.47 ± 0.04 hours and 0.88 ± 0.03 hours respectively which is accorded with the standard concentration of Praziquantel. Morphological micrographs revealed pronounced distortion and altered topography of scolex and tegument while histological study showed loss of uniform tegumental integrity with folds and cracks in the treated parasites. Further, extensive alteration in the scolex and irrevocable disruption all over the body surface with loss of trapezoid shape, shrinkage of tegument and sloughing off microtriches were observed in electron microscopic study. The study indicated that both the compounds possess strong activity against H. diminuta and further studies are required to understand their detailed mode of action to exploit them as potential alternative candidates for curing helminthiases.
Unlocking the function promiscuity of old yellow enzyme to catalyze asymmetric Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction
Authors: Song Wei , Wang Lei , Wu Yaoyun , Hu Jun , Yin Dejing , Wei Wanqing , Wen Jian , Chen Xiulai , Gao Cong , Zhou Yiwen , Liu Jia , Hu Guipeng , Li Xiaomin , Wu Jing , Zhou Zhi , Liu Liming
Published: March 2024

Exploring the promiscuity inherent in native enzymes presents a promising strategy for expanding their synthetic applications, particularly for catalyzing challenging reactions in non-native contexts. While considerable strides have been made in harnessing native enzymes for C-C bonding, certain reactions, such as the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction (MBH reaction), remain elusive to these biocatalysts. In this study, we explored the promiscuous potential of old yellow enzymes (OYEs) to facilitate the MBH reaction, leveraging substrate similarities between MBH reaction and the native reduction reaction. Initially, we substantiated the promiscuous nature of GkOYE in both MBH and reduction reactions through thorough analysis employing mass spectrometry and spectroscopic techniques. Following that, we manipulated functional selectivity by obstructing H− and H+ transfer pathways. Mutant GkOYE.8 eliminated the native reduction function while enhancing the MBH adduct yield by 141.4%, surpassing the wild type. Further insights into the structural basis of GkOYE.8 catalyzed MBH reaction were obtained through mutation studies and kinetic simulations, identifying C26 and E59 as key residues in the active center. To enhance the catalytic efficiency and stereoselectivity of GkOYE.8, we rationally designed mutants GkOYE.11 and GkOYE.13, which efficiently catalyzed the formation of MBH adducts, yielding (R)-3 (77.8% yield and 89:11 e.r.) and (S)-3 (63.1% yield and 23: 77 e.r.), respectively. Furthermore, it was found that the mutants GkOYE.11 and GkOYE.13 all showed catalytic activity against five p-substituent aldehydes and six-membered unsaturated alkenes. And the yield exhibited a gradual decrease as the electron-withdrawing strength of the p-substituents decreased. This study emphasizes the potential of leveraging substrate similarities across diverse reaction types to reveal new enzyme functionalities, enabling the catalysis of new-to-nature reactions.
Risk factors for transient ciliochoroidal detachment after goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade
Authors: Miyako Fumiya , Hirooka Kazuyuki , Onoe Hiromitsu , Tokumo Kana , Kiuchi Yoshiaki
Published: March 2024

Aims: To investigate ciliochoroidal detachment (CCD) frequency and risk factors after performing goniotomy with the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB).
Methods: The presence of CCD was examined using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography at postoperative day (POD) 1, month 1, and month 2 in 91 eyes who underwent goniotomy with KDB. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was also measured at POD1, POD7, month 1 and month 2. A univariate generalized linear mixed model analysis was used to compare the age, gender, axial length, central corneal thickness, surgical procedure (combined or single), operators (K.H. or H.O.), glaucoma type and preoperative IOP between the groups. Multivariate factors were selected from the variants when there was a probability value of less than 0.05.
Results: CCD was detected in 18 eyes (19.7%) at POD 1. For postoperative IOP, no significant differences were observed between the CCD and non-CCD groups. However, the IOP on POD 1 in the CCD that was associated with the anterior chamber group (7.7 ± 3.0 mmHg) was significantly lower than that in the non-CCD group (15.3 ± 0.9 mmHg) (P = 0.02). Multivariate mixed-effects model analysis demonstrated that the surgical procedure (combined) and operator (H.O.) were significantly associated with the higher incidence of CCD.
Conclusion: Approximately one-fifth of all eyes exhibited CCD after goniotomy with KDB. Combining cataract surgery and goniotomy with KDB and the intraoperative procedure during the goniotomy with KDB were all found to be risk factors for developing CCD.
Retrospective Performance Analysis of a Shaking-Forecast Based Early-Warning Method for the 2023 Türkiye-Syria Mw 7.8 Earthquake
Authors: Zollo Aldo , Rea Raffaele , Colombelli Simona , Elia Luca
Published: March 2024

Recently developed earthquake early warning systems rely on the idea of combining the measured ground motion and the source parameter estimate to issue an alert based on the ground shaking prediction at sites where high potential damage is expected. Here we apply a P-wave, shaking-forecast method that can track and alert in real-time the area where peak ground motion is expected to exceed a user-set threshold during the earthquake. The system performance in providing a fast and reliable warning during the Mw 7.8, February 6 Turkey-Syria earthquake is investigated by the real-time simulated playback of the near-source hundred accelerograms. With an instrumental intensity threshold I_MM=IV an alert issued 10-20 seconds after the event origin, results in 95% of successful warning (positive and negative) and lead-times of 10-60 seconds within the potential damage zone. Setting a higher intensity threshold requires larger alert times (50-60 seconds) to achieve 90% of successful warning and overall shorter lead-times. Our simulation shows that the P-wave predicted, strong-shaking zone can be rapidly detected only 20 seconds after the mainshock nucleation. As the time increases, it well delineates the NE-SW bi-lateral rupture development as inferred by kinematic source models.
Comparison of WAIC and posterior predictive approaches for N-mixture models
Authors: Gaya Heather , Ketz Alison
Published: March 2024

Hierarchical models are common for ecological analysis, but determining appropriate model selection methods remains an ongoing challenge. To confront this challenge, a suitable method is needed to evaluate and compare available candidate models. We compared performance of conditional WAIC, a joint-likelihood approach to WAIC (WAICj), and posterior-predictive loss for selecting between candidate N-mixture models. We tested these model selection criteria on simulated single-season N-mixture models, simulated multi-season N-mixture models with temporal auto-correlation, and three case studies of single-season N-mixture models based on eBird data. WAICj proved more accurate than the standard conditional formulation or posterior-predictive loss, even when models were temporally correlated, suggesting WAICj is a robust alternative to model selection for N-mixture models.
rTMS improves dysphagia by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis in PD mice
Authors: Gong Weijun , Huang Peiling , Zhu Ziman , Li Wenshan , Zhang Rong , Chi Yijia
Published: March 2024

High incidence, severe consequences, unclear mechanism and poor treatment effect are happened in Parkinson's disease-related dysphagia.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is an effective treatment for dysphagia in Parkinson's disease.However, the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for dysphagia in Parkinson's disease are still unknown.Neuroinflammation has been proven to be associated with dysphagia in Parkinson's disease, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis are common neuroinflammatory processes.Therefore, we compared swallowing quality, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis among NS control, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation control, sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation control and L-Dopa control mice by tongue muscle tone detection, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation and quantitative PCR.The results showed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1 dependent pyroptosis were involved in dysphagia in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice model. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and L-dopa inhibited the above two pathways to alleviate dopaminergic neuronal damage and improve the quality of dysphagia. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (1 Hz, 1 time/3 days, 6 weeks) had the same effect on dysphagia as L-dopa treatment (25mg/kg/day, 6 weeks).Finally, we conclude that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation will be the preferred option for the treatment of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease in certain conditions such as motor complications secondary to L-Dopa and L-Dopa non-response dysphagia.
Study on removal mechanism and surface quality in helical grinding 2.5D-Cf/SiC composites
Authors: Zhou Yunguang , Chen Han , Liu Ji , Gong Yadong , Ma Lianjie , Li Ming
Published: March 2024

Carbon fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites have excellent heat resistance and wear resistance, making them extensively utilized in the aviation and aerospace industries. However, processing carbon ceramics is challenging due to the inherent difficulty. Traditional hole-making methods often result in issues such as delamination and tearing during the processing of carbon ceramics. Helical grinding has emerged as a novel processing technology that shows promise for difficult materials like carbon ceramics. To address the lack of clarity regarding the removal mechanism and formation mechanism of material damage during helical grinding of carbon ceramic materials. Firstly, this study models the trajectory and maximum undeformed chip thickness for single abrasive. Subsequently, analyzes the influence of fiber anisotropy on the removal mechanism during helical grinding of carbon ceramics. The study also investigates the mechanisms behind exit damage occurring during carbon ceramic helical grinding processes. Finally, examines helical grinding technological parameters affect surface quality by analyzing their impact on undeformed chip thickness. The results indicate that matrix occurs brittle fracture during helical grinding. Four typical removal mechanism emerge for different fiber angles: debonding is predominant at 0°; fiber fracture occurs at 45°; fiber shear occurred at 90°; fiber pull out occurred at 135°. Hole exit damage is influenced by fiber direction with minimal damage observed when shear fracture occurs at angles 45° and 90° while burrs phenomenon and tear phenomenon are prevalent at angles 0°and 135° respectively. By increasing orbital rotation speed and spindle speed or decreasing feed pitch, surface quality improved. Grinding parameters significantly affect surface quality through changing undeformed chip thickness and surface residual height.
Human Brain Proteome-wide Association Study Provides Insights into the Genetic Components of Protein Abundance in Obesity
Authors: Pei Yu-Fang , Zhao Qi-Gang , Ma Xin-Ling , Xu Qian , Song ZiTong , Bu Fan , Li Kuan , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2024

Backgrounds:Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple genetic variants associated with obesity. However, most obesity-associated loci were waiting to be translated into new biological insights. Given the critical role of brain in obesity development, we sought to explore whether obesity-associated genetic variants could be mapped to brain protein abundances.
Methods:We performed proteome-wide association studies (PWAS) and colocalization analyses to identify genes whose cis-regulated brain protein abundances were associated with obesity-related traits, including body fat percentage, trunk fat percentage, body mass index, visceral adipose tissue, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. We then assessed the druggability of the identified genes and conducted pathway enrichment analysis to explore their functional relevance. Finally, we evaluated the effects of the significant PWAS genes at the brain transcriptional level.
Results:By integrating human brain proteomes from discovery (ROSMAP, N = 376) and validation datasets (BANNER, N = 198) with genome-wide summary statistics of obesity-related phenotypes (N ranged from 325 153 to 806 834), we identified 52 genes whose cis-regulated brain protein abundance was associated with obesity. These 52 genes were enriched in metabolic processes, e.g., small molecule metabolic process and metabolic pathways. Fourteen of the 52 genes had high drug repurposing value. Nine of the 52 genes were also associated with obesity at the transcriptome level, suggesting that genetic variants likely confer risk of obesity by regulating mRNA expression and protein abundance of these genes.
Conclusions:Our study provides new insights into the genetic component of human brain protein abundance in obesity. The identified proteins represent promising therapeutic targets for future drug development.
Genetic characteristics of a large pediatric cohort of patients with inborn errors of immunity: single-center experience
Authors: Kuzmenko Natalia , Alexenko Maxim , Mukhina Anna , Rodina Yulia , Fadeeva Mariia , Pershin Dmitrii , Kieva Amina , Raykina Elena , Maschan Miсhael , Novichkova Galina , Shcherbina Anna
Published: March 2024

More than 450 genetic defects result in inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Their individual prevalence in specific cohorts is influenced by national characteristics and other factors. We present results of genetic testing conducted in 1809 Russian children with IEI. Genetic defects confirming IEI were found in 1112 out of 1809 (61.5%) probands. These defects included variants in 118 single genes (87.9% of patients) and aberrations in 6 chromosomes (11.8%). Notably, three patients harbored pathogenic variants in more than one IEI gene. Large deletions constituted 5% of all defects. Out of the 799 original variants, 350 (44%) have not been described previously. Rare genetic defects (10 or fewer patients per gene) were identified in 20% of the patients. Among 967 probands with germline variants, defects were inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in 29%, X-linked in 34%, and autosomal recessive in 37%. Four females with non-random X-inactivation exhibited symptoms of X-linked diseases (BTK, WAS, CYBB, IKBKG gene defects). Despite a relatively low rate of consanguinity in Russia, about 50% of autosomal recessive gene defects were found in a homozygous state. Notably, 28% of these cases carried “Slavic" mutation of the NBN gene or known hot-spot mutations in other genes. The diversity of IEI genetic forms and the high frequency of newly described variants underscore the genetic heterogeneity within the Russian IEI group. The new variants identified in this extensive cohort will enriching genetic databases.