bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determination of Isoflavone Content in SRM 3238 Using Liquid Chromatography-Particle Beam/Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Lynn X , Burdette Carolyn Q , Phillips Melissa M , Rimmer Catherine A , Marcus R Kenneth
Published: December 2015

The characterization of marker components in botanical materials is a challenging task, and the increased consumption of botanicals and dietary supplements demands a greater understanding of the associated health benefits and risks. In order to successfully acquire and compare clinical results and correlate health trends, accurate, precise, and validated methods of analysis must be developed. Presented here is the development of a quantitative method for the determination of soy isoflavones (daidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, and genistein) using LC-particle beam/electron ionization-MS (LC-PB/EIMS). An internal standard (IS) approach for quantitation with 7-hydroxy-4- chromone as the IS compound was used, with response factors for each individual isoflavone obtained from calibrant solutions. The results from this method were compared with the certified and reference values for National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SRM 3238 Soy-Containing Solid Oral Dosage Form to demonstrate that the method was in control. Results obtained using LC-PB/EIMS were consistent with the NIST certified or reference values and their uncertainties for all five isoflavones, demonstrating that the LC-PB/EIMS approach is both accurate and precise when used for the determination of the target isoflavones in soy-containing dietary supplement finished products while simultaneously providing structural information.
Rapid Electroanalytical Method for Determination of Nebivolol at a Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode
Authors: Nigović Biljana , Mornar Ana , Završki Mario
Published: December 2015

A boron-doped diamond electrode provided a sensitive and cost-effective sensing platform for detection and quantitative determination of novel beta(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonist nebivolol. The net square-wave voltammetric response at 1.31 V related to the oxidation of nebivolol was obtained in Britton-Robinson buffer solution at pH 8. It increased linearly with the drug concentration in the range of 2.5 × 10–7 to 1.5 × 10–5 M. The LOD attained was 3.2 × 10–8 M. The practical analytical approach was illustrated by high speed quantification of nebivolol in a commercial pharmaceutical formulation. The RP-HPLC was selected as a comparative method for evaluating the proposed electroanalytical method. The newly developed method at the unmodified electrode surface was faster and simpler in comparison with HPLC (the retention time was 17.6 min), and only 6 s was necessary for direct voltammetric measurement in the potential range from 0.5 to 1.7 V with a 2 mV potential step and pulse frequency of 100 Hz.
Reservoir Fluid Characterization for Miscible Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Gunda Dhiraj , Ampomah William , Grigg Reid , Balch Robert
Published: December 2015

CO2 injection is an effective method for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The Pennsylvanian Morrowan sequence of the panhandle of Texas through Southeast Colorado in the United States currently presents an opportunity for CO2 EOR and carbon sequestration. The Farnsworth Unit (FWU) of Ochiltree County, Texas operated by Chaparral Energy L.L.C. is the site of a CO2-EOR project using anthropogenic CO2. The Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration is working closely with Chaparral Energy to study the effectiveness of large-scale CO2 injection into the FWU.

This paper presents the reservoir fluid model for the FWU. It includes a comprehensive PVT analysis of fluid that has been tuned to an equation of state (EOS) with 9 components. After tuning, the experimental and simulated data had an excellent match. A series of slim tube simulated experiments were carried out to determine the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). The C7+ fractions were split into two pseudo-components with appropriate critical properties without affecting the actual fluid properties. This aided in optimizing the predictions even while using fewer pseudo components to characterize the fluid.

Simulation of the MMP using the EOS tuned fluid was conducted and the predicted MMP was close to the experimental value with an error less than five percent. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted with varying impurities in the CO2 injection fluid to analyze the effect of recycle gas on the MMP.

The approach used in this study demonstrated an improved strategy in lumping and splitting of compositions to ensure accuracy in reservoir fluid characterization.

Introduction

Fluid characterization plays an important role in the compositional simulation of enhanced oil recovery processes (EOR) like miscible gas flooding. Black oil models do not efficiently deal with the complexities of phase behavior in the case of compositional modelling. This makes the use of compositional fluid characterization essential.
Process Engineering Perspectives on CO2 Capture Technology Development
Authors: Sexton Andrew , Douglas Austyn , Fisher Kevin , McKaskle Ray
Published: December 2015

This paper provides a broad overview of CO2 capture technologies from the perspective of the process engineer who is challenged to develop, evaluate, and scale these technologies up from laboratory, bench, and pilot-scale to full-scale, commercial applications. The CO2 capture problem is stated in process engineering terms, and implications of the source characteristics including composition, temperature, pressure, flow, and the variability of these characteristics - and corresponding CO2 purity/delivery specifications for various end users - are analyzed. The process engineer's tasks are described in terms of the wide range of process engineering activities that are involved, ranging from experimental data collection and process simulation, process and equipment design, and economic analyses, along with the challenges that each task presents. The nature and importance of the universal thermodynamic constraints and resulting minimum energy requirements that govern all CO2 capture process are described, and the need to integrate the CO2 capture process with the CO2 source process and CO2 use or storage locations is explored. CO2 capture technologies are categorized and compared in terms of the key process design parameters that affect each group of processes in a different way, revealing the various process advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches. Capture approaches that are discussed include chemical and physical absorption, chemical and physical adsorption along with temperature, pressure, and vacuum regeneration approaches, organic and inorganic membranes, cryogenic separation, as well as emerging approaches including chemical looping, electrochemical, and microbial capture technologies. Equipment challenges such as the physical size of mass and heat transfer devices, mechanical limitations on compression technology, and materials of construction issues are described. Conventional methods of estimating and comparing capital and operating costs among CO2 capture technologies are reviewed.
Specialized areas for value updating and goal selection in the primate orbitofrontal cortex
Authors: Murray Elisabeth A , Moylan Emily J , Saleem Kadharbatcha S , Basile Benjamin M , Turchi Janita
Published: December 2015

The macaque orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is essential for selecting goals based on current, updated values of expected reward outcomes. As monkeys consume a given type of reward to satiety, its value diminishes, and OFC damage impairs the ability to shift goal choices away from devalued outcomes. To examine the contributions of OFC’s components to goal selection, we reversibly inactivated either its anterior (area 11) or posterior (area 13) parts. We found that neurons in area 13 must be active during the selective satiation procedure to enable the updating of outcome valuations. After this updating has occurred, however, area 13 is not needed to select goals based on this knowledge. In contrast, neurons in area 11 do not need to be active during the value-updating process. Instead, inactivation of this area during choices causes an impairment. These findings demonstrate selective and complementary specializations within the OFC.
Capturing the temporal evolution of choice across prefrontal cortex
Authors: Hunt Laurence T , Behrens Timothy EJ , Hosokawa Takayuki , Wallis Jonathan D , Kennerley Steven W
Published: December 2015

Activity in prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been richly described using economic models of choice. Yet such descriptions fail to capture the dynamics of decision formation. Describing dynamic neural processes has proven challenging due to the problem of indexing the internal state of PFC and its trial-by-trial variation. Using primate neurophysiology and human magnetoencephalography, we here recover a single-trial index of PFC internal states from multiple simultaneously recorded PFC subregions. This index can explain the origins of neural representations of economic variables in PFC. It describes the relationship between neural dynamics and behaviour in both human and monkey PFC, directly bridging between human neuroimaging data and underlying neuronal activity. Moreover, it reveals a functionally dissociable interaction between orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral PFC in guiding cost-benefit decisions. We cast our observations in terms of a recurrent neural network model of choice, providing formal links to mechanistic dynamical accounts of decision-making.
Hold your breath!
Authors: Lust Katharina , Wittbrodt Joachim
Published: December 2015

Reactive oxygen species produced in response to changes in the level of oxygen in water can promote the regeneration of brain tissue in newts.
Billedprogrammet på Trondenes: Den hellige Anna – sjømennenes og rikdommens beskytter
Authors: Bergesen Rognald Heiseldal
Published: December 2015

The interior of the parish church at Trondenes in Harstad in Northern Norway is one of the best-preserved medieval interiors in Scandinavia. Four of its reredos have survived, three of them in situ. A significant characteristic of the decoration in the church is the pronounced presence of St. Anne and the Holy Kinship. The article explores the roles of these motifs in the iconography at Trondenes. Even though there are no sources related to the specific religious use of these motifs at Trondenes, our general knowledge of their cult elsewhere in Europe suggests how they might have been used in Trondenes. Among ordinary people in the medieval Northern Germany, the cult of Saint Anne and the Holy Kinship were related to the protection of sailors and to secure the growth of their income, as well as to protect against diseases. Usually these motifs were found in maritime, urban regions. St. Anne was regarded as a role model for the middle class women, and the Holy Kinship as a “self-image” of the trading middle class. Trondenes is the main Church in a large maritime region. In the late middle ages the fisheries along the coastline provided large incomes to the chapter of the Cathedral of Nidaros who owned Trondenes and to the local merchants at Trondenes. In such circumstances it is reasonable that the presence of St. Anne and the Holy Kinship at Trondenes was related to the protection of local sailors and to the growth of income from the fisheries. 
Den umulige hage: Rom og tid i hagemotivet i Livias villa
Authors: Olaussen Hege
Published: December 2015

The article discusses representations of time and space in the frescoes in the garden room of Empress Livia's villa at Prima Porta, near Rome. The frescoes, dated to ca 30–20 B.C., decorates an underground chamber in a vast villa-complex and show an "impossible garden" in that its vegetation is simultaneously and continuously flowering, without any realistic connection to time. Through analysis of the vegetation's spatial organization, the representation of birds and the chamber's placement in the villa-complex, the article examines the significance of the garden, be it real or imaginary, as an arena for instilling and expressing Roman civic values and duties. It addresses the potential relevance of the villa's imperial connection and questions whether the frescoes are to be read as expressions of "art of the state" or "state of the art".
Kirsten Sand. Arkitekt for sin tid
Authors: Seip Elisabeth
Published: December 2015

Towards the end of World War II the retreating Germans burnt down nearly all buildings and other constructions in the counties of Finnmark and the northern parts of Troms in North Norway. The population evacuated but many returned as soon as possible, only to find themselves homeless. At this very demanding point Kirsten Sand decided to travel north, and do whatever she could as an architect to help.

The pre-war housing situation was generally difficult. Low building standards and lack of money forced families in the cities to live under bad conditions. Kirsten Sand studied these conditions and took part in the efforts to better the situation. This knowledge provided a good starting point for the work she undertook after the war, in particular her profound understanding of the situation of women, their working conditions and positions in the household and society. Houses designed by Sand and her helpmates are simple but adequate, taking into account these women’s point of view.

Ingebjørg Hage has thrown light on the work of Kirsten Sand in Finnmark and Troms in several ways. This article aims at describing Sand’s background as an architect before she left Oslo to travel north. It describes how housing and housing policy since long had been central to architects, especially so within the group she belonged to. In pre-war Oslo she had been engaged in planning and designing hospitals. During a period as inspector for the health authorities she learned a lot about the living conditions of people in general. After establishing her own architect’s office she mostly designed family houses, and during the war she engaged in research that further deepened her knowledge in the field. Thus she was particularly well equipped for the demanding tasks she undertook in the summer of 1945.
Fabrication of Ag nanowire and Al-doped ZnO hybrid transparent electrodes
Authors: You Sslimsearom , Park Yong Seo , Choi Hyung Wook , Kim Kyung Hwan
Published: December 2015

Among the materials used as transparent electrodes, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have attracted attention because of their high transmittance and excellent conductivity. However, AgNWs have shortcomings, including their poor adhesion, oxidation by atmospheric oxygen, and unstable characteristics at high temperature. To overcome these shortcomings, multi-layer thin films with an aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO)/AgNW/AZO structure were fabricated using facing targets sputtering. The samples heated to 350 °C exhibited stable electrical characteristics. In addition, the adhesion to the substrate was improved compared with AgNWs layer. The AZO/AgNW/AZO thin films with multilayer structure overcame the shortcomings of AgNWs, and we propose their use as transparent electrodes with excellent properties for optoelectronic applications.
Rapid green manufacture of high yield CdTe@Ca(OH)2 nanocrystals and their performance on WLED
Authors: Zhao Zhixing , Wang Xiao‐Qiao , Ling Luting , Wang Cai‐Feng , Chen Su
Published: December 2015

The bottleneck of large‐scale production of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is how to solve heavy metal ions waste water and the rapid separation during industrial process. A facile strategy for fabricating CdTe@Ca(OH)2 nanocrystals exhibiting both improved photoluminescence (PL) stability and prolonged PL lifetime via an economical coprecipitating technology is reported herein. The procedure on capping CdTe QDs into Ca(OH)2 crystals can enable the products to be easily filtrating separation and the content of residual Cd2+ filtrate solution to be reached to 0.238 ppm level. Also, fluorescent rod‐like heterocrystals by addition of saturated CaCl2 solution is constructed. CdTe@Ca(OH)2 nanocrystals is utilized further as phosphor powders to construct white light emitting diode (WLED). The WLED presented, here, has good photoelectric properties with color rendering index of 82.4 at 350 mA, a color temperature of 4643 k, and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinate of (0.3548, 0.3532), belonging to the white gamut, showing great potential in industrial application. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 580–588, 2016
Early warning and prevention of pneumonia in acute leukemia by patient education, spirometry, and positive expiratory pressure: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Møller Tom , Moser Claus , Adamsen Lis , Rugaard Grith , Jarden Mary , Bøtcher Tina S. , Wiedenbein Liza , Kjeldsen Lars
Published: December 2015

Long‐lasting neutropenia associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its treatment gives rise to a high risk of pneumonia. The use of broad‐spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis during outpatient management has not completely protected patients against admission due to infections and neutropenic fever, emphasizing the need to approach infection protection with complementary efforts. In a randomized controlled design, we examined the applicability of patient‐performed daily spirometry [forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)] as an early warning tool and explored the effectiveness of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) in preventing pneumonia among 80 AML patients. Twenty‐five incidences of pneumonia were detected among 23 patients (6 interventions, 17 controls), giving a prevalence of 28.75% during 5420 days of observation. We found a significant difference in incidence between intervention versus control group (2.17 per 1000 days vs. 6.52 per 1000 days, P = 0.021, respectively). A cross point at 80‐76% of the personal FEV1 reference value showed high sensitivity and specificity on pneumonia development. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of educating AML patients in their continuous daily measurement of FEV1 and use of PEP. Daily measures of FEV1 may be an important early warning tool for assessment of pulmonary deterioration during critical phases of neutropenia. We suggest that strategic patient education in the use of spirometry and PEP should be part of standard of care for AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy. Am. J. Hematol. 91:271–276, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. American Journal of Hematology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of age on outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced intensity conditioning in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Aoki Jun , Kanamori Heiwa , Tanaka Masatsugu , Yamasaki Satoshi , Fukuda Takahiro , Ogawa Hiroyasu , Iwato Koji , Ohashi Kazuteru , Okumura Hirokazu , Onizuka Makoto , Maesako Yoshitomo , Teshima Takanori , Kobayashi Naoki , Morishima Yasuo , Hirokawa Makoto , Atsuta Yoshiko , Yano Shingo , Takami Akiyoshi
Published: December 2015

Previous studies have repeatedly reported that increasing age is a significant risk factor for worse outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) among patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, more recent studies reported conflicting results regarding the association between age and outcomes in elderly patients. Therefore, we conducted a large‐scale, nationwide retrospective study to examine the impact of age on outcomes of allo‐HSCT with reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) for AML patients who were older than 50 years. Of the 757 patients, 89 patients (11.8%) were 50–54, 249 patients (32.9%) were 55–59, 301 patients (39.8%) were 60–64 and 118 patients (15.6%) were ≥65 years old. The 3‐year overall survival (OS) (47.8, 45.2, 37.9, and 36.6% for patients aged 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, and ≥65 years, respectively, P = 0.24) and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) (24.0, 22.8, 29.2, and 27.6% for patients aged 50–54, 55–59, 60–64, and ≥65 years, respectively, P = 0.49) were not significantly different among the four age groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that increased age had no significant effect on OS or NRM after adjusting for covariates. These results suggested that advanced patient age is not a contraindication for RIC allo‐HSCT in elderly AML patients. Am. J. Hematol. 91:302–307, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Routine interim disease assessment in patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: Can we do better?
Authors: Campuzano‐Zuluaga Germán , Deutsch Yehuda , Salzberg Matthew , Gomez Alexandra , Vargas Fernando , Elias Roy , Kwon Deukwoo , Goodman Mark , Ikpatt Offiong F. , Chapman Jennifer R. , Watts Justin , Vega Francisco , Swords Ronan
Published: December 2015

The presence of >5% blasts at “day 14” (D14), in patients undergoing induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is problematic. It is unclear if a second course of chemotherapy for early persistent disease will alter outcome in these patients. We conducted a retrospective study of AML patients undergoing induction chemotherapy where diagnostic, interim (around day 14), and recovery (days 21–42) bone marrow (BM) evaluations were available for review. Of the 113 patients included in the final analysis, 99 (87.6%) achieved CR at hematologic recovery. At D14, 90 patients (79.6%) had <5% blasts and of these, 87 (96.7%) ultimately achieved CR. At D14, Twenty‐three (20.4%) patients had residual leukemia (>5% blasts). Of these, 11 (47.8%) received a second course of chemotherapy (double induction [DI]) and 12 (52.2%) were observed until count recovery (single induction [SI]). No significant difference in CR rates was observed between these two groups (58.3% DI group vs. 45.5% SI group, P value = 0.684). In our analysis, D14 BM evaluation did not uniformly identify patients with primary induction failure. To unequivocally determine the value of a D14 marrow assessment in AML, prospective studies in the context of large cooperative group trials are required. Considering our findings and similar reports from others, we propose that D14 marrow assessment should be individualized, and that other factors, such as cytogenetics and early peripheral blood blast clearance should be considered, to identify patients most likely to benefit from interim disease assessment during AML induction therapy. Am. J. Hematol. 91:277–282, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ein robustes und wiedergewinnbares Polymer für die Dekagramm‐Racematspaltung von (±)‐Mefloquin und anderen, chiralen N‐Heterocyclen
Authors: Kreituss Imants , Chen Kuang‐Yen , Eitel Simon H. , Adam Jean‐Michel , Wuitschik Georg , Fettes Alec , Bode Jeffrey W.
Published: December 2015

Dekagramm‐Mengen von enantiomerenreinem (+)‐Mefloquin wurden durch kinetische Aufspaltung von racemischem Mefloquin mithilfe eines ROMPGel‐fixierten Acylhydroxamsäurereagens produziert. Das erforderliche Monomer wurde in wenigen Synthesestufen und ohne chromatographische Reinigung hergestellt, und die Polymerisation wurde im >30‐Gramm‐Maßstab bei Umgebungstemperatur sicher durchgeführt. Das Reagens konnte einfach regeneriert werden und wurde für die Racematspaltung von 150 g (±)‐Mefloquin und anderen chiralen N‐Heterocyclen vielfach wiederverwendet.
Alteration of the intravenous and oral pharmacokinetics of valsartan via the concurrent use of gemfibrozil in rats
Authors: Yang Seung Jun , Kim Bong Jin , Mo Lingxuan , Han Hyo‐Kyung
Published: December 2015

The present study aimed to examine the potential pharmacokinetic drug interaction between valsartan and gemfibrozil. Compared with the control given valsartan (10 mg/kg) alone, the concurrent use of gemfibrozil (10 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) increased the oral exposure of valsartan in rats. In the presence of gemfibrozil, the Cmax and AUC of oral valsartan increased by 1.7‐ and 2.5‐fold, respectively. Consequently, the oral bioavailability of valsartan was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the presence of gemfibrozil compared with that of the control group. Furthermore, the intravenous pharmacokinetics of valsartan (1 mg/kg) was also altered by pretreatment with oral gemfibrozil (10 mg/kg). The plasma clearance of valsartan was decreased by two‐fold in the presence of gemfibrozil, while the plasma half‐life was not altered. In contrast, both the oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics of gemfibrozil were not affected by the concurrent use of valsartan. The cellular uptake of valsartan and gemfibrozil was also investigated by using cells overexpressing OATP1B1 or OATP1B3. Gemfibrozil and gemfibrozil 1‐O‐β glucuronide inhibited the cellular uptake of valsartan with IC50 values (µm) of 39.3 and 20.4, respectively, in MDCK/OATP1B1, while they were less interactive with OATP1B3. The cellular uptake of gemfibrozil was not affected by co‐incubation with valsartan in both cells. Taken together, the present study suggests the potential drug interaction between valsartan and gemfibrozil, at least in part, via the OATP1B1‐mediated transport pathways during hepatic uptake. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raise awareness about legal risks connected to involvement with daily fantasy sports sites
Authors: O'Brien Timothy
Published: December 2015

You almost cannot watch a sports event on TV anymore without seeing repeated advertisements for DraftKings and FanDuel. The big question, of course, is how can these sites get away with what appears to be unlawful online gambling. The answer is that the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act, 31 U.S.C. § 5361, et seq., has an exception for fantasy games that are based on a player's knowledge and skill rather than pure chance, among other things.
Learn how 7 cheap or free apps can improve productivity in your office
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2015

CHICAGO — Most busy college athletics administrators would jump at the chance to access low‐cost or free ways that could quickly improve personal and professional productivity for themselves and their staff members.
Take practical steps to overcome significant challenges facing your college athletics department
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: December 2015

Jeff Bain, M.Ed., doesn't shy away from challenges — he tackles them head on. In fact, when he first transitioned from a 15‐year career in high school athletics to enter the world of college athletics, he took on an assignment that would prove challenging to even the most seasoned professional, let alone a newcomer.
Sister Mary Joseph nodule
Authors: Zhou Zhaowei , Zhang Da
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical Message

Umbilical tumors are relatively rare and can be classified as benign or malignant. The term “Sister Mary Joseph nodule” is used to describe an umbilical neoplasm associated with advanced metastatic intra‐abdominal malignancy. It generally has a poor prognosis.
Addition of Particles for Fouling Minimization in Membrane Bioreactors – Permeability Performance, Fluid Dynamics, and Rheology
Authors: Rosenberger Sandra , Helmus Frank Peter , Drews Anja
Published: December 2015

Membrane bioreactors (MBR) with submerged flat sheet modules follow the airlift loop flow principle. The addition of particles is a new development in MBR fouling control. Experiments with plastic beads clearly show a mechanical cleaning effect. Biologically active beads (quorum quenching) can further reduce membrane fouling. The effectiveness of the particles depends on the flow conditions, though. To select or design such additives properly, as well as to optimize air flow rates, the complex fluid dynamics of the multiphase airlift loop flow and the rheology of the biomass need to be understood.
Quantifizierung der hydromechanischen Beanspruchung von Pumpen auf tierische Zellen mittels des nicht‐biologischen Modellsystems Emulsion
Authors: Fries Tobias , Dittler Ina , Blaschczok Katharina , Löffelholz Christian , Dornfeld Wolfgang , Schöb Reto , Drews Anja , Eibl Dieter
Published: December 2015

Zur Quantifizierung der Beanspruchung durch die Zentrifugalpumpe PuraLev® 200SU wurde der mittlere Sauter‐Durchmesser des Modellsystems Emulsion in Abhängigkeit des massenspezifischen Leistungseintrages ermittelt. Anschließend wurde mit ausgewählten Parametern die Absterberate von CHO‐Zellen untersucht und mit den Ergebnissen der Emulsionsversuche verglichen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass für das biologische System neben dem Leistungseintrag weitere Parameter wie die Impellerumfangsgeschwindigkeit Einfluss auf die Partikelbeanspruchung haben.
MULTI‐PARAMETER FULL WAVEFORM INVERSION FOR ACOUSTIC VTI MEDIA USING THE TRUNCATED NEWTON METHOD
Authors: Yi WANG , Liang‐Guo DONG
Published: December 2015

In multi‐parameter full waveform inversion (FWI), the trade‐off between different parameter classes increases its nonlinearity severely. The magnitude orders of seismic velocities and anisotropic parameters are significantly different, which makes the inverse problem poorly conditioned. Judiciously incorporating the inverse Hessian operator into the FWI scheme can help to alleviate the negative impacts of these two problems in the inversion and improve the inversion accuracy. The truncated Newton (TN) method is one of the optimization methods which can better estimate the inverse Hessian operator. This paper studies the simultaneous inversion of two parameters for acoustic VTI media in the time domain using the TN method. Numerical experiments on different models show that in the context of simultaneous inversion of two parameters for acoustic VTI media, the TN method can account for more accurate inverse Hessian operator than the limited memory Broyden‐Fletcher‐Goldfarb‐Shanno (L‐BFGS) method so that it can better balance the updates of two different parameter classes, and reconstruct more accurate parameter models.
Degradation of Triton X‐100 in Water Falling Film Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor
Authors: Aonyas Munera M. , Nešić Jelena , Jović Milica , Marković Marijana , Dojčinović Biljana , Obradović Bratislav , Roglić Goran M.
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation of the non‐ionic surfactant Triton X‐100 (TX‐100) by using an advanced oxidation process in a non‐thermal plasma reactor based on water falling film dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The effects of two catalytic plasma systems, Fe2+/DBD and H2O2/DBD, were tested to improve the degradation of TX‐100 and the mineralization efficiency in the DBD reactor. Both catalytic systems exhibited significant improvements in degradation efficiency, especially in the beginning of the treatment: the efficiency increased from 23 to 88 and 50%, for 5 mg L−1 Fe2+/DBD and 10 mmol L−1 H2O2/DBD, respectively. The mineralization efficiency of TX‐100 in the non‐catalytic DBD treatment was very low (1%), but with addition of catalysts, the mineralization efficiency was drastically improved, with H2O2/DBD at 4–34% (depending on the H2O2 concentration) and Fe2+/DBD at 2–21% (depending on the Fe2+ concentration). Degradation products of TX‐100 in non‐catalytic and two catalytic systems were identified using UHPLC‐Orbitrap‐MS. Based on the degradation products that were identified, a simple mechanistic scheme was proposed. MS analysis revealed that degradation of TX‐100 in the DBD reactor occurred by shortening the ethoxy chain. In the presence of catalysts, there are additional reactions of cleavage of the alkyl chain followed by formation of polyethoxylated phenol (H2O2/DBD) and addition of OH• radicals onto the aromatic ring (Fe2+/DBD). The final degradation products did not cause any significant toxic effects to Vibrio fischeri or Artemia salina.
Cytodiagnosis of distant metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Gupta Parikshaa , Bardia Anand , Rajwanshi Arvind , Nijhawan Raje , Srinivasan Radhika , Gupta Nalini , Nahar Saikia Uma , Dey Pranab
Published: December 2015

Introduction

Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid is second most common primary malignancy of the thyroid gland after papillary carcinoma and metastasis is uncommonly seen in these patients.

Aims and objectives

To describe the cytomorphologic features for the accurate diagnosis of distant metastases from follicular carcinoma of thyroid.

Materials and methods

A total of 10 aspirates reported as metastatic follicular carcinoma of thyroid were reviewed for the available clinical and radiological details.

Results

All the patients were females. Six of these patients presented with subcutaneous and soft tissue swellings, one presented with a lung mass, one with right breast swelling, one with lumbar vertebral lesion and one with left iliac bone involvement. The cytology smears revealed tumour cells predominantly arranged in a repetitive microfollicular pattern with some scattered individually and in sheets. The tumour cells were small, had mild nuclear pleomorphism, round nuclei, low nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio, fine chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli, and scanty to moderate amount of cytoplasm with some showing marginal vacuoles with “fire‐flare” appearance. Occasional microfollicles showed scanty eosinophilic colloid in the center.

Conclusions

Identification and establishment of a correct clinical diagnosis of a distant metastasis from a follicular thyroid carcinoma is a challenging task. We believe that with prior knowledge of characteristic cytologic features, such metastases can be rapidly and accurately diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:108–112. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns of contact call differentiation in the panmictic East African Abyssinian White‐eye Zosterops abyssinicus (Aves: Passeriformes)
Authors: Habel Jan Christian , Husemann Martin , Ulrich Werner
Published: December 2015

Species distribution patterns range from highly disjunct to continuous, depending on their ecological demands and the availability of respective habitats. East African savannahs are mostly interconnected and ecologically comparatively homogenous and thus provide a prerequisite for a rather panmictic distribution pattern for species occurring in this habitat. The Abyssinian white‐eye Zosterops abyssinicus is a savannah inhabiting bird species, representing such a continuous distribution. This species occurs in high abundances and is very mobile, and past population genetic studies have suggested that gene flow is high and genetic differentiation is low even across relatively large geographic distances. Further, only little morphological differences were found. In order to test for potential divergence in acoustic traits despite its interconnected geographic distribution, we analyzed 2795 contact calls of Z. abyssinicus, which were recorded at 19 sites across Kenya. Our data indicate weak, but significant differentiation in call characteristics across latitudinal gradients. We found strong changes in call characteristics in populations where Z. abyssinicus occurs in sympatry with its highland congener, Zosterops poliogaster. However, the changes in call characteristics in sympatry were in different directions and lead to strong differentiation of the sympatric populations to other conspecific populations potentially representing a case of cascade reinforcement. The detected spatial gradients likely result from ecological differences and balancing effects of natural and sexual selection.
Group 4 Metallocene Complexes and Cyanopyridines: Coordination or Coupling to Metallacycles
Authors: Tomaschun Gabriele , Altenburger Kai , Reiß Fabian , Becker Lisanne , Spannenberg Anke , Arndt Perdita , Jiao Haijun , Rosenthal Uwe
Published: December 2015

The reactions of the group 4 metallocene alkyne complexes Cp*2M(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3) (M = Ti, Zr) with different cyanopyridines were investigated. For the zirconium compound, the unstable products Cp*2Zr(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3)(N≡C‐py) were first formed by the end‐on coordination of the substrate. Subsequent reaction with a second equivalent resulted in the elimination of the alkyne and in the formation of 1‐zircona‐2,5‐diazacyclopenta‐2,4‐dienes. By applying (2‐bromo)‐5‐cyanopyridine, Cp*2ZrBr2 was also isolated. Nitrile–nitrile C–C couplings of the cyanopyridines to five‐membered metallacycles also occurred for the titanium complexes, but without the generation of side products. By using 2,6‐dicyanopyridine, this reaction resulted in the formation of a tetranuclear complex. The structures, stability, and reactivity of the complexes were analysed and rationalised on the basis of DFT calculations.
Sensitivity of simulated flow fields and bathymetries in meandering channels to the choice of a morphodynamic model
Authors: Rousseau Yannick Y. , Biron Pascale M. , Van de Wiel Marco J.
Published: December 2015

Morphodynamic models are used by river practitioners and scientists to simulate geomorphic change in natural and artificial river channels. It has long been recognized that these models are sensitive to the choice of parameter values, and proper calibration is now common practice. This paper investigates the less recognized impact of the choice of the model itself. All morphodynamic models purport to simulate the same flow and sediment dynamics, often relying on the same governing equations. Yet in solving these equations, the models have different underlying assumptions, for example regarding spatial discretization, turbulence, sediment inflow, lateral friction, and bed load transport. These differences are not always considered by the average model user, who might expect similar predictions from calibrated models. Here, a series of numerical simulations in meandering channels was undertaken to test whether six morphodynamic codes (BASEMENT, CCHE‐2D, NAYS, SSIIM‐1, TELEMAC‐2D and TELEMAC‐3D) would yield significantly different equilibrium bathymetries if subjected to identical, initial flow conditions. We found that, despite producing moderately similar velocity patterns on a fixed‐flat bed (regression coefficient r of 0.77 ± 0.20), the codes disagree substantially with respect to simulated bathymetries (r = 0.49 ± 0.31). We relate these discrepancies to differences in the codes' assumptions. Results were configuration specific, i.e. codes that perform well for a given channel configuration do not necessarily perform well with higher or lower sinuosity configurations. Finally, limited correlation is found between accuracy and code complexity; the inclusion of algorithms that explicitly account for the effects of local bed slope and channel curvature effects on transport magnitude and direction does not guarantee accuracy. The range of solutions obtained from the evaluated codes emphasizes the need for carefully considering the choice of code. We recommend the creation of a central repository providing universal validation cases and documentation of recognized fluvial codes in commonly studied fluvial settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Turbulent flow structures in alluvial channels with curved cross‐sections under conditions of downward seepage
Authors: Deshpande Vishal , Kumar Bimlesh
Published: December 2015

Experimental investigations have been done to analyze turbulent structures in curved sand bed channels with and without seepage. Measures of turbulent statistics such as time‐averaged near‐bed velocities, Reynolds stresses, thickness of roughness sublayer and shear velocities were found to increase with application of downward seepage. Turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds normal stresses are increased in the streamwise direction under the action of downward seepage, causing bed particles to move rapidly. Analysis of bursting events shows that the relative contributions of all events (ejections, sweeps and interactions) increase throughout the boundary layer, and the thickness of the zone of dominance of sweep events, which are responsible for the bed material movement, increases in the case of downward seepage. The increased sediment transport rate due to downward seepage deforms the cross‐sectional geometry of the channel made of erodible boundaries, which is caused by an increase in flow turbulence and an associated decrease in turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and turbulent diffusion.
Probabilistic encoding of stimulus strength in astrocyte global calcium signals
Authors: Croft Wayne , Reusch Katharina , Tilunaite Agne , Russell Noah A. , Thul Rüdiger , Bellamy Tomas C.
Published: December 2015

Astrocyte calcium signals can range in size from subcellular microdomains to waves that spread through the whole cell (and into connected cells). The differential roles of such local or global calcium signaling are under intense investigation, but the mechanisms by which local signals evolve into global signals in astrocytes are not well understood, nor are the computational rules by which physiological stimuli are transduced into a global signal. To investigate these questions, we transiently applied receptor agonists linked to calcium signaling to primary cultures of cerebellar astrocytes. Astrocytes repetitively tested with the same stimulus responded with global signals intermittently, indicating that each stimulus had a defined probability for triggering a response. The response probability varied between agonists, increased with agonist concentration, and could be positively and negatively modulated by crosstalk with other signaling pathways. To better understand the processes determining the evolution of a global signal, we recorded subcellular calcium “puffs” throughout the whole cell during stimulation. The key requirement for puffs to trigger a global calcium wave following receptor activation appeared to be the synchronous release of calcium from three or more sites, rather than an increasing calcium load accumulating in the cytosol due to increased puff size, amplitude, or frequency. These results suggest that the concentration of transient stimuli will be encoded into a probability of generating a global calcium response, determined by the likelihood of synchronous release from multiple subcellular sites. GLIA 2016;64:537–552
Determination of titanium content in pyrope by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Gilg H. Albert , Gast Norbert
Published: December 2015

The titanium content of pyrope garnet can be quantified using the intensity of a Raman band at about 830 cm−1 that is normalized to the 363 cm−1 band using a spectrometer‐specific calibration using 10 to 15 chromian pyropes from Bohemia, Czech Republic. An accuracy of 0.025 wt% could be achieved for TiO2 contents between 0.17 and 0.67 wt% TiO2 with a Raman spectrometer with a spectral resolution of better than 3.9 cm−1. The technique can be used in petrological and gemmological studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The empirical comparison of cyclofructans and cyclodextrins as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoretic separation of atropisomers of R,S‐1,1’‐binaphthalene‐2,2’‐diyl hydrogen phosphate
Authors: Přibylka Adam , Švidrnoch Martin , Tesařová Eva , Armstrong Daniel W. , Maier Vítězslav
Published: December 2015

Native cyclofructans and their isopropyl derivatives were studied as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis and compared with α‐ and β‐cyclodextrin. R,S‐1,1’‐Binaphthalene‐2,2’‐diyl hydrogen phosphate was used as a model chiral compound. The empirical observation of the enantioselectivity of native cyclofructans and isopropyl derivatives of cyclofructans was described and compared with the cyclodextrins. The influence of methanol and acetonitrile, as the most commonly used organic solvents, and sodium dodecyl sulfate as a micelle forming additive on the separation of R,S‐1,1’‐binaphthalene‐2,2’‐diyl hydrogen phosphate atropisomers was achieved. The different enantiorecognition abilities resulting from unlike interaction mechanism with R,S‐1,1’‐binaphthalene‐2,2’‐diyl hydrogen phosphate were observed for the studied cyclodextrins and cyclofructans, especially when methanol or sodium dodecyl sulfate were used as modifiers of the separation conditions.
Pre‐programmed robotic osteotomies for fibula free flap mandible reconstruction: A preclinical investigation
Authors: Chao Albert H. , Weimer Katie , Raczkowsky Joerg , Zhang Yaokun , Kunze Mirko , Cody Dianna , Selber Jesse C. , Hanasono Matthew M. , Skoracki Roman J.
Published: December 2015

Bony free flap reconstruction of the facial skeleton remains a challenging area of reconstructive surgery. Despite technological advances that have aided planning and execution of these procedures, surgical inaccuracy is not insignificant. One source of error that has not been wholly addressed is that attributable to a human operator. In this study, we investigate the feasibility and accuracy of performing osteotomies robotically in pre‐programmed fashion for fibula free flap mandible reconstruction as a method to reduce inaccuracies related to human error. A mandibular defect and corresponding free fibula flap reconstruction requiring six osteotomies were designed on a CAD platform. A methodology was developed to translate this virtual surgical plan data to a robot (KUKA, Augsburgs, Germany), which then executed osteotomies on three‐dimensional (3D) printed fibula flaps with the aid of dynamic stereotactic navigation. Using high‐resolution computed tomography, the osteotomized segments were compared to the virtually planned segments in order to measure linear and angular accuracy. A total of 18 robotic osteotomies were performed on three 3D printed fibulas. Compared to the virtual preoperative plan, the average linear variation of the osteotomized segments was 1.3 ± 0.4 mm, and the average angular variation was 4.2 ± 1.7°. This preclinical study demonstrates the feasibility of pre‐programmed robotic osteotomies for free fibula flap mandible reconstruction. Preliminarily, this method exhibits high degrees of linear and angular accuracy, and may be of utility in the development of techniques to further improve surgical accuracy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:246–249, 2016.
The performance of an intermediate 16th‐week ultrasound scan for the follow‐up of euploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency
Authors: Le Lous Maela , Bouhanna Philippe , Colmant Claire , Rozenberg Patrick , Quibel Thibaud
Published: December 2015

Objective

The objective of the study is to assess the utility of an intermediate ultrasound scan at 16+0 to 18+6 weeks of gestation in euploid fetuses with increased nuchal translucency ≥ 3.5 mm.

Methods

Three hundred eighty‐nine fetuses with nuchal translucency (NT) ≥ 3.5 mm were identified in two prenatal centers between January 2008 and December 2012. Pregnancy work‐up included karyotyping, monthly detailed ultrasound scan starting with a 16th‐week scan, a cardioechography, and a genetic counseling. Abnormal findings and pregnancy outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

Of the 389 fetuses included, 52% had normal karyotype. Among euploid fetuses, 51 (30.7%) structural defects were identified overall. First‐trimester scan was useful to identify 16 of the major defects (31.3%), and the 16th‐week scan was useful to identify an additional 21 of them (41.2%), whereas the 22nd‐week pregnancy scan discovered an additional 14 (27.4%). Structural defects discovered with the 16th‐week scan were cardiac defects (n = 7), polymalformative syndromes (n = 3), left diaphragmatic hernias (n = 3), limbs abnormalities (n = 2), genitourinary (n = 2), microretrognathism (n = 2), hydrops (n = 1), and exomphalos (n = 1). If the intermediate scan was normal, the chances of a favorable outcome were as high as 85% and were close to 100% after 20 weeks, irrespective of initial NT.

Conclusion

The intermediate ultrasound was useful in fetuses with increased NT pregnancy work‐up. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.