bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Weight Matter? Outcomes in Adult Patients on Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation When Stratified by Obesity Class
Authors: Galvagno Samuel M. , Pelekhaty Stacy , Cornachione Christopher R. , Deatrick Kristopher B. , Mazzeffi Michael A. , Scalea Thomas M. , Menaker Jay
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND:

Many believe obesity is associated with higher rates of mortality in the critically ill. The purpose of this retrospective observational study is to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and survival in patients receiving venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for acute hypoxic or hypercarbic respiratory failure.

METHODS:

All of the patients admitted to a dedicated VV ECMO unit were included. Patients <18 years of age, listed for lung transplant, or underweight were excluded. ECMO outcomes, including hospital length of stay and survival to discharge, were analyzed after stratification according to BMI. Multivariate logistic and linear regression techniques were used to assess variables associated with the outcomes of death and length of stay, respectively.

RESULTS:

One hundred ninety-four patients with a median BMI of 35.7 kg/m2 (33–42 kg/m2) were included. Obese patients were older, had higher creatinine levels, and required higher levels of positive end-expiratory pressure and mean airway pressure at time of cannulation. Survival to discharge in any group did not differ when stratified by BMI classification (P = .36). Multivariable regression did not reveal any association with greater odds of death or longer length of stay when controlling for BMI and other variables.

CONCLUSIONS:

We did not detect an association between obesity and increased mortality in patients requiring VV ECMO for acute hypoxic or hypercarbic respiratory failure. These data suggest that obesity alone should not exclude candidacy for VV ECMO. Evidence for the “obesity paradox” in this population of VV ECMO patients may be supported by these data.
The minimal gap-junction network among melanophores and xanthophores required for stripe-pattern formation in zebrafish
Authors: Usui Yuu , Aramaki Toshihiro , Kondo Shigeru , Watanabe Masakatsu
Published: October 2019

Connexin39.4 (Cx39.4) and Connexin41.8 (Cx41.8), two gap-junction proteins expressed in both melanophores and xanthophores, are critical for the intercellular communication among pigment cells that is necessary for generating the stripe pigment pattern of zebrafish. We previously characterized the gap-junction properties of Cx39.4 and Cx41.8, but how these proteins contribute to stripe formation remains unclear; this is because distinct types of connexins potentially form heteromeric gap junctions, which precludes accurate elucidation of individual connexin functions in vivo. Here, by arranging Cx39.4 and Cx41.8 expression in pigment cells, we identified the simplest gap-junction network required for stripe generation: Cx39.4 expression in melanophores is required but expression in xanthophores is not necessary for stripe patterning, whereas Cx41.8 expression in xanthophores is sufficient for the patterning, and Cx41.8 expression in melanophores might stabilize the stripes. Moreover, patch-clamp recordings revealed that Cx39.4 gap junctions exhibit spermidine-dependent rectification property. Our results suggest that Cx39.4 facilitates the critical cell-cell interactions between melanophores and xanthophores that mediate a unidirectional activation-signal transfer from xanthophores to melanophores, which is essential for melanophore survival.
Prophylactic HIPEC in pT4 Colon Tumors: Proactive Approach or Overtreatment?
Authors: Arrizabalaga Nerea Borda , Navascués José María Enriquez , Echaniz Garazi Elorza , Ansorena Yolanda Saralegui , Galán Carlos Placer , Martín Xabier Arteaga , Pardo Leyre Velaz
Published: October 2019

Background

The peritoneum is the second most common site for metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer. Various factors have been studied to identify patients at risk of developing peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), including T4 tumors. The objectives were to assess the incidence of synchronous and metachronous PC, explore potential risk factors for developing PC as the only site of metastasis, and identify which patients might be candidates for prophylactic hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 125 patients with pT4 colon cancer who underwent surgery in a single center between January 2010 and December 2014.

Results

Of the 947 colon cancer patients who underwent surgery, 125 (13.2%) were diagnosed with pT4a or b colon carcinoma. The median follow-up was 3.7 years. The overall rate of PC was 34.3%, being synchronous in 12% and metachronous in 22.3% of cases. The 8% and 6% of synchronous and metachronous cases of PC respectively were isolated (single site) metastasis. The incidence of PC was 6.1% at 1 year and 14.5% at 3 years after surgery. pT4 was not found to be an independent risk factor for the development of PC (p = 0.231). Nonetheless, the rate of metachronous PC as a single site of metastasis was higher in patients with pT4 tumors and peritoneal nodules around the primary tumor and/or tumor perforation (p = 0.027) and/or who underwent emergency surgery (p = 0.043) than other patients.

Conclusions

Considering pT4 tumor stage as the only risk factor for the development of PC in deciding whether to administer prophylactic HIPEC would lead to unjustified overtreatment.
The Impact of the 2018 Tariffs on Prices and Welfare
Authors: Amiti Mary , Redding Stephen J. , Weinstein David E.
Published: October 2019

We examine conventional approaches to evaluating the economic impact of protectionist trade policies. We illustrate these conventional approaches by applying them to the tariffs introduced by the Trump administration during 2018. In the wake of this increase in trade protection, the United States experienced substantial increases in the prices of intermediates and final goods, dramatic changes to its supply-chain network, reductions in availability of imported varieties, and the complete pass-through of the tariffs into domestic prices of imported goods. Therefore, the full incidence of the tariffs has fallen on domestic consumers and importers so far, and our estimates imply a reduction in aggregate US real income of $1.4 billion per month by the end of 2018. We see similar patterns for foreign countries that have retaliated with their own tariffs against the United States, which suggests that the trade war has also reduced the real income of these other countries.
Screening tools for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders among adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Mwangala Patrick N. , Newton Charles R. , Abas Melanie , Abubakar Amina
Published: October 2019

Background: People living with HIV are at risk of developing HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) which adversely affects their quality of life. Routine screening of HAND in HIV care is recommended to identify clinically important changes in cognitive functioning and allow for early interventions. However, HAND detection in routine clinical practice has never been reported in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), partly due to a lack of adequately standardized screening tools. This review was conducted to identify the commonly used screening tools for HAND in SSA and document their psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy.

Methods: We searched Ovid Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Sciences databases for empirical studies published from 1/1/1980 to 31/8/2018 on HAND among adults living with HIV in SSA.

Results: We identified 14 eligible studies, of which 9 were from South Africa. The International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) was the most frequently reported tool, being used in more than half of the studies. However most studies only reported the diagnostic accuracy of this and other tools, with specificity ranging from 37% to 81% and sensitivity ranging from 45% to 100%. Appropriate data on construct validity and reliability of tools was rarely documented. Although most tools performed well in screening for severe forms of HAND, they lacked sensitivity and specificity for mild forms of HAND. NeuroScreen, one of the newer tools, yielded good diagnostic accuracy in its initial evaluation in South Africa (81% to 93% sensitivity and 71% to 81% specificity).

Conclusions: This review identified a lack of adequately standardized and contextually relevant HAND screening tools in SSA. Most screening tools for HAND used in SSA possess inadequate psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy. There is a need for further validation of existing tools and development of new HAND screening tools in SSA.
Recent advances in the induction of labor
Authors: Marconi Anna Maria
Published: October 2019

The rate of labor induction is steadily increasing and, in industrialized countries, approximately one out of four pregnant women has their labor induced. Induction of labor should be considered when the benefits of prompt vaginal delivery outweigh the maternal and/or fetal risks of waiting for the spontaneous onset of labor. However, this procedure is not free of risks, which include an increase in operative vaginal or caesarean delivery and excessive uterine activity with risk of fetal heart rate abnormalities. A search for “Induction of Labor” retrieves more than 18,000 citations from 1844 to the present day. The aim of this review is to summarize the controversies concerning the indications, the methods, and the tools for evaluating the success of the procedure, with an emphasis on the scientific evidence behind each.
Evaluation of cropping method for perennial ratoon rice (SALIBU)
Authors: Oda Masato , Nguyen Huu Chiem , Huynh Van Thao
Published: October 2019

Background: Generally, the yield of ratoon rice is at most 50% of the main crop. However, a cropping method “SALIBU” achieved more yield than the main crop and could be used for the cultivation of perennial cropping. Although the SALIBU method is implementing 10 additional management practices to conventional method, the effect of each management practice is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect size and the robustness of each management practice.

Methodology: We evaluated the effect size using an L16 orthogonal array design pot experiment. For the robustness, we duplicated the experiment under both standard and checked whether the practice shows the same effect size. The bad conditions were low plant density, no fertilization, continuous flooding water management, and late harvesting.

Results: The ratoon rice yield was proportional to the number of ratoon tillers used as in conventionally produced ratoon rice. Late cutting was most affected to the number of ratoon tillers. Importantly, this effect was reversed; the effect was positive under bad conditions, but was negative under standard conditions. Furthermore, late irrigation, a recommended management practice, had a robust negative effect on ratoon tillers and yield under both the conditions. Positive large effects were shown in the bad condition only.

Discussion: Our results show that the SALIBU cropping method includes practices with unstable, negative, or minimal effects. The practices have unstable effects should be clarifying the interaction with the condition. The practices that have negative effects should exclude. Using practice on small effect size should depend on a cost-benefit analysis.

Conclusions: SALIBU will be acceptable to the Mekong Delta triple cropping rice cultivation without the additional practice of original SALIBU cropping method. However, further work is needed to clarify the interaction between late cutting and the cultivation condition, and on the negative effect of late irrigation.
TRENDS OF MORBIDITY AND CHRONIZATION INDEX IN FEMALE TEENAGERS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Бантьева М. , Bant'eva M. , Маношкина Е. , Manoshkina E. , Кузнецова В. , Kuznecova V.
Published: October 2019

An increase in the incidence of the population, including children and adolescents occurs in recent decades in the Russian Federation. The growth rates of the total and the first time registered incidence of young men aged 15–17 years are analyzed for the period 2000–2017, according to the data of the Federal Statistical Observation. An increase in the overall incidence of young men by 35.8% was detected, for the first time registered incidence —  by 35.4%. The maximum increase in overall morbidity is observed in the following classes: neoplasms (up to 2,6 times), diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs (2 times), congen-

ital anomalies (malformations) (1,8 times), diseases of the circulatory system (1,7 times), diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (1,6 times), diseases of the endocrine system, metabolic disorders (1,5 times). The indicator of “chronicity” of diseases was calculated, based on the data of the total and for the first time registered incidence. With a general growth rate of this indicator 0.3%, there is a significant increase for some of classes of diseases: mental disorders and behavioral disorders (2,1 times), congenital anomalies (malformations) (1,9 times), diseases of the endocrine system, metabolic disorders (1,5 times).
BARLEY PRODUCTIVITY DEPENDING ON NUTRITION BACKGROUND AND SEEDING RATE
Authors: Таланов Иван , Talanov Ivan , Каримова Лилия , Karimova Liliya
Published: October 2019

Barley is cultivated for food, technical and feed purposes. Barley grain is used for barley flour, pearl barley and a number of products, from which are prepared for our nutrition. In addition, it is used for the preparation of coffee substitutes, in the alcohol and brewing industries, has high feed qualities and is widely used as a concentrated feed for all types of farm animals, especially pigs. The results of studies showed that the dynamics of plant density and root rot damage were more influenced by planting rates, less than the estimated dose of fertilizers. The best nutritional regime and the maximum barley productivity (4.06 tons per hectare) with good grain quality indicators were obtained against the calculated nutritional background (4.0 tons per hectare) with a sowing rate of 5 mln. germinating seeds per 1 ha. The two-factor field experience with serial distribution of plots was laid on leached chernozem in LLC AF “Zay” of Zainsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2013-2015. The purpose of the research was to study the biological characteristics of the variety and soil and climatic conditions for yield and quality indicators of barley grain. The objectives of our research were: to determine the effect of the seeding rate on the density of the stalk, damage to plants by root rot, the dynamics of plant nutrients, weediness of crops, yield and quality of barley grain. In the course of our studies, we found that the minimum value of barley grain quality indicators was observed against the background without fertilizers when sowing 5.5 million units per hectare: nature was 620 g/l, filmy 9.4%, germination 96.8%, the protein content of 11.9% and the extractivity of 77.0%, the maximum against this background was observed when sowing 4.0 million units per hectare. The barley grain quality indicators, grown against a calculated nutritional background, may well correspond to the brewing industry. The formation dynamics of plant densities and affection with their root rot had a greater influence on planting rates, and less calculated doses of fertilizers.
ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF EFFICIENCY OF POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS TO RURAL CONSUMERS
Authors: Виноградов Александр , Vinogradov Aleksandr , Виноградова Алина , Vinogradova Alina
Published: October 2019

Interpretation of the efficiency of power supply systems is proposed, according to which the main criterion of efficiency is minimization of costs for the operation of the power supply system under certain conditions related to the reliability of power supply, power quality and timing of technological connections. The methodological approach to improving the efficiency of power supply systems for rural consumers requires the development of efficiency criteria that would allow all measures to improve the reliability of electricity supply, power quality, shorten time and improve the quality of technological connections to lead to uniform indicators by which to evaluate the effectiveness of these measures. The costs arising from the operation of power supply systems can be divided into stimulating and providing. Both of these components, in turn, are also divided, while the stimulating costs include those components of costs that stimulate electricity supply companies to comply with the requirements of reliability of power supply, power quality, quality of services of technical connections. Regulation of incentive costs, which include damages from interruptions in power supply, compensation costs, lost profits, etc. allows you to manage the efficiency of power supply systems. Providing costs include investment and operating costs, since these types of costs provide the ability to fulfill the conditions of quality of services provided by electricity supply companies. All components of the costs associated with the values ​​of the time of interruptions in the power supply, the time of the mismatch of the quality of electricity and the time of the technical connections. The dependencies of component costs on the time of interruptions in power supply are shown. These dependencies can be interpreted in the opposite version, as time dependencies on costs. This reading allows them to develop incentive mechanisms for energy companies and consumers to improve the reliability of power supply, power quality and quality of connection services.
BASIC DIRECTIONS OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM FORMATION OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Зиганшин Булат , Ziganshin Bulat , Клычова Гузалия , Klychova Guzaliya , Закирова Алсу , Zakirova Alsu
Published: October 2019

The formation of the knowledge economy, the intellectualization of labor, the development of new information technologies, technological changes in production, the demographic crisis contributed to serious changes in the existing mechanism of social development of the agricultural enterprise and necessitated the formation of an effective personnel management system, including all aspects of management, including those related to staff motivation. In the formation of employee motivation, increasing their self-expression in work, a special place is occupied by the social policy of the enterprise. The social policy of an enterprise (organization), as an integral part of management, is an activity related to the provision of additional benefits, services and social benefits to its employees. The factors of the social environment are studied in the article, the directions of making managerial decisions on the social development of the agricultural enterprise are determined, the theoretical aspects are considered and the organizational foundations of the formation of the social development mechanism are identified, the main stages of the process of formation and implementation of the social policy system are identified, the methodology of social development analysis is determined. The developed recommendations on improving the social policy of an agricultural enterprise, consisting in the selection of effective forms and methods for realizing the needs of various social groups and their financing sources, are of practical importance. To improve the work of the personnel service for personnel management in the social policy system, it was proposed to carry out activities such as personnel monitoring, controlling, marketing personnel and personnel consulting.
Debunking the myth of the ‘radical profession’: analysing and overcoming our professional history to create new pathways and opportunities for social work
Authors: Brady Shane , Sawyer Jason M. , Perkins Nathan H.
Published: October 2019

The social work profession has often been portrayed as a progressive, critical and even radical movement for social justice and social change (Wagner, 1990; Reisch, 2013). This article analyses the basis of these claims and critiques the labelling of social work as radical, utilising a philosophy-of-science lens and critical theories and perspectives to interrogate the professionalisation of social work, the current knowledge base and practices, and the history of social work. The final analysis finds that social work is not a radical profession due to the influence of neoliberal values and social forces that promote the status quo. Implications point to a need to move beyond the myth of the radical profession and towards realistic ways that social work could reposition itself as a progressive profession.
Localization of Tricellular Tight Junction Molecule LSR at Midbody and Centrosome During Cytokinesis in Human Epithelial Cells
Authors: Konno Takumi , Kohno Takayuki , Kikuchi Shin , Shimada Hiroshi , Satohisa Seiro , Takano Kenichi , Saito Tsuyoshi , Kojima Takashi
Published: October 2019

Epithelial integrity and barrier function are maintained during cytokinesis in vertebrate epithelial tissues. The changes in localization and the roles of tricellular tight junction molecule lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) during cytokinesis are not well known, although new tricellular tight junctions form at the flank of the midbody during cytokinesis. In this study, we investigated the changes in localization and the role of LSR at the midbody and centrosome during cytokinesis using human endometrial carcinoma cell line Sawano, comparing the tricellular tight junction molecule tricellulin; bicellular tight junction molecules occludin, claudin-7, zonula occludens-1, and cingulin; and the epithelial polarized related molecules apoptosis-stimulating of p53 protein 2, PAR3, and yes-associated protein. During cytokinesis induced by treatment with taxol, the epithelial barrier was maintained and the tricellular tight junction molecules LSR and tricellulin were concentrated at the flank of the acetylated tubulin–positive midbody and in γ-tubulin-positive centrosomes with the dynein adaptor Hook2, whereas the other molecules were localized there as well. All the molecules disappeared by knockdown using small interfering RNAs. Furthermore, by the knockdown of Hook2, the epithelial barrier was maintained and most of the molecules disappeared from the centrosome. These findings suggest that LSR may play crucial roles not only in barrier function but also in cytokinesis.
The Role and Training of Hospital Paediatric Nurses in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Biddulph John
Published: October 2019

Demands for health services are increasing in all countries of the world.

Both affluent and less affluent countries are starting to realise to the importance of nurse practitioners to enable comprehensive health services to be made available to more people at cheaper cost.

The training programme for hospital paediatric nurses in Papua New Guinea has been designed to allow them to carry out effectively their future role of taking responsibility for the screening, diagnosis and initial treatment of sick children pending the availability of a doctor.

The nurses receive practical on the job training by rotating through specific areas during the one year post basic course in paediatric nursing. The areas are acute paediatric ward, gastroenteritis ward, special care nursery, paediatric outpatients, nutrition rehabilitation unit and MCH clinics.

The nurses learn to diagnose the common acute paediatric illnesses. They learn standardised management regimens for each of these common childhood illnesses.

They also learn how to carry out the practical procedures required to allow them to diagnose and treat these illnesses, and become skilled in doing such procedures as lumbar punctures and intravenous rehydration.
Electrocardiographic Pattern in the Newborn During the First Week of Life
Authors: Affandi Maemunah , Madiyono Bambang , H. Sutarto , Hanafiah Asikin
Published: October 2019

One hundred and sixteen babies were given electrocardiogram examination on the 1st day until the 7th day of birth as well as the examination at 3 and 6 months.

There were definite changes in the heart rate, P duration, PR interval, T axis, and T wave of the right precordial leads on the 1st day, especially on the 1st hours of birth. These changes may be caused by physiological adjustment after birth and anatomical changes like the closing of foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. There were changes on the second day and thereafter caused by increased activities of the left side of the heart. Observations were made on ECG examination on fullterm normal babies on the 1st week of birth. Genetic factors should not be ignored (Sutin and Schrire, 1964) as data gathered in this study have shown some differences from data gathered in other studies.
Positive Tuberculin and Primary Tuberculosis Frequency among Non-BCG Children of 0-4 years (Preliminary Report)
Authors: Soenarto Jati , Surjono Achmad , Ismail Djauhari , Sunartini Sunartini , Dirdjohusodo Soekardi
Published: October 2019

The tuberculin test, rontgen photos, and nutritional condition of babies and pre-school children admitted to the Department of Child Health, University of Gadjah Mada Hospital, revealed:

- A very high tuberculin index among the children examined, especially those under one year of age, much higher than the figures ever to be reported in Indonesia.

- A direct correlation between the size of induration and the likelihood of finding pulmonary abnormalities.

- A close relationship between deficient nutritional status and rontgenologic abnormalities of the lungs.

We think that deficient nutritional status develops due to the presence of tuberculosis infection. Based on the factors mentioned above, in the national campaign against tuberculosis the following should be considered :

- BCG at the earliest possible moment (neonatal period/life).

- INH chemoprophylactic to all positive contact children will effectively prevent clinical manifestation as well as improve nutritional status.
The Use of Anthelmintics in the Treatmenlt of Ascariasis
Authors: Ismail Djauhar , Utomo Utomo , Yuwono Sugeng , S. Noerhayati
Published: October 2019

Ninety-seven children with Ascariasis were treated at randomly with Piperazine, Tetramisole, and Pyrantel pamoate in a single dose with cure rates of 59%, 62%, and 88%, respectively. In the children who were not cured, a reduction in egg count of nearly 80% was found in all three treatment groups. The results of this study showed that Pyrantel pamoate is the most effective of the three drugs.
Difference in Severity of Tuberculosis in Children with or without a BCG Scar
Authors: Santosa Gunadi , Syamsuri Makmuri Muhammad , Djelantik I Gusti Gde , Projogo Elisabeth , Ranuh I Gusti Nyoman Gde
Published: October 2019

Tuberculosis can also be found in BCG vaccinated children. An attempt is made to know the difference in severity of tuberculosis in children vaccinated or not vaccinated with BCG.'.

Our impression is that tuberculosis occurs less frequent and less severe among BCG vaccinated children compared with unvaccinated children.
Studies of Blood Pressure and Prevalence of Hypertension in Schoolchildren in Jakarta
Authors: Wirya I. G. N. Wila , Alatan Husein , Tambunan Taralan , Harmanses S. , Windiastuti Endang
Published: October 2019

Blood pressure measurement was done on 4983 school children of 6 - 18 years schoolchildren was at random so that the sample population represented the children in Jakarta. The incidence of hypertension in this study is about 3.11 %, of which most are found at the age of 15 years.
Hypovolemic Shock Complicating Nephrotic Syndrome in a Child
Authors: Kosnadi Lydia , W. Rochmanadji , Sumantri A. G. , Trimulyo Trimulyo , Anwar M. Rofiq
Published: October 2019

The fundamental abnormality in nephrotic syndrome is the structural and electrochemical changes that have been documented to occur in the glomerular basement membrane lead to proteinuria. It is the proteinuria itself which most likely causes hypoalbuminemia and associated complications such as infections, hypercoagulability and hypovolemia. Hypovolemia may cause postural hypotension, acute renal failure, circulatory collaps or sudden death.

An eleven-year-old boy was referred to the Child Health Department of Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang with a diagnosis of corticosteroid resistant nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure. Physical examination showed a severely ill boy with general edema, shock, hemoconcentration, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, massive proteinuria and disturbed renal function.

The treatment consisted of infusion of dextrose 10% followed by human plasma and furosemide to restore plasma volume and enhance urine production. Two days later he was in better condition,  normovolemia, slight edema, good diuresis, but his blood pressure increased, and ophtalmologic examination supported the diagnosis of grade I hypertensive retinopathy. Intravenous clonidine and furosemide were given and were very effective. Kidney biopsy revealed minimal lesion with slight proliferation.
Anthropometry of Newborn Infants Born in 14 Teaching Centers in Indonesia
Authors: Alisjahbana Anna , Chaerulfatah Alex , Usman Ali , Sutresnawati Sri
Published: October 2019

Percentile curves representing intrauterine growth of Indonesian infants ranging from 34 to 43 weeks of gestation in 14 teaching centers were constructed from birth weight, birth length, and head, mid-upper arm, and chest circumferences. The gestational age was determined based on the last menstrual period. Mothers with probable chronic diseases or pregnancy complications were excluded. Included for analysis were 5844 singleton newborns. The mean birth weight of Indonesian babies was higher for gestational age of 34-38 weeks, but lower at 40-42 weeks of gestation compared with that of the Denver study. The results showed that the mean birth weight of Denver's newborns was significantly different than that of the Indonesian infants, therefore the Denver intrauterine growth curve cannot be used as reference curve for Indonesian  newborns. Baby boys in general bad a higher mean birth weight, birth length, head circumference, and chest circumference. No difference was found for arm circumference. For every gestational age and percentiles, later born infants were heavier than first born infants. Birth weight at 42 weeks was lower for first born infants, this was not shown in later-born infants which showed higher weight for each percentiles. Parity affected birth weight more than birth length. Birth length became more stable at 39 weeks. Chest circumference of < 29 em had the highest sensitivit,y and positive predictive value for low birth weight, followed by arm circumference of < 9 cm. The use of intrauterine growth chart in studying the nutritional status of babies at birth was described.
Identification of Epigenetic Methylation Signatures With Clinical Value in Crohn's Disease
Authors: Moret-Tatay Inés , Cerrillo Elena , Sáez-González Esteban , Hervás David , Iborra Marisa , Sandoval Juan , Busó Enrique , Tortosa Luis , Nos Pilar , Beltrán Belén
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION:

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that regulates gene expression and represents an important link between genotype, environment, and disease. It is a reversible and inheritable mechanism that could offer treatment targets. We aimed to assess the methylation changes on specific genes previously associated with Crohn's disease (CD) and to study their possible associations with the pathology.

METHODS:

We included 103 participants and grouped them into 2 cohorts (a first [n = 31] and a second validation [n = 72] cohort), with active CD (aCD) and inactive CD (iCD) and healthy participants (CTR). DNA was obtained from the peripheral blood and analyzed by the Agena platform. The selected genes were catalase (CAT), α-defensin 5 (DEFA5), FasR, FasL, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B,
PPA2, ABCB1, NOD2, PPARγ, and PKCζ. We used the elastic net algorithm and R software.

RESULTS:

We studied 240 CpGs. Sixteen CpGs showed differential methylation profiles among aCD, iCD, and CTR. We selected for validation those with the greatest differences: DEFA5 CpG_11; CpG_13; CAT CpG_31.32; TNF CpG_4, CpG_12; and ABCB1 CpG_21. Our results validated the genes DEFA5 (methylation gain) and TNF (methylation loss) with P values < 0.001. In both cases, the methylation level was maintained and did not change with CD activity (aCD vs iCD). The subanalysis comparison between aCD and iCD showed significant differential methylation profiles in other CpGs: TNF, FAS,
ABCB1, CAT, and TNFRS1BF genes.

DISCUSSION:

The methylation status of DEFA5 and TNF genes provides a signature biomarker that characterizes patients with CD and supports the possible implication of the environment and the immune system in CD pathogenesis.
Influence of Gastric Emptying and Gut Transit Testing on Clinical Management Decisions in Suspected Gastroparesis
Authors: Hasler William L. , Rao Satish S. C. , McCallum Richard W. , Krause Richard A. , Nguyen Linda A. , Schulman Michael I. , Lee Allen A. , Moshiree Baharak , Wo John M. , Parkman Henry P. , Sarosiek Irene , Wilding Gregory E. , Kuo Braden
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) or wireless motility capsules (WMCs) can evaluate upper gastrointestinal symptoms in suspected gastroparesis; WMC tests can also investigate lower gut symptoms. We aimed to determine whether these tests impact treatment plans and needs for additional diagnostic evaluation.

METHODS:

In a prospective, multicenter study, 150 patients with gastroparesis symptoms simultaneously underwent GES and WMC testing. Based on these results, investigators devised management plans to recommend changes in medications, diet, and surgical therapies and order additional diagnostic tests.

RESULTS:

Treatment changes were recommended more often based on the WMC vs GES results (68% vs 48%) (P < 0.0001). Ordering of additional test(s) was eliminated more often with WMC vs GES (71% vs 31%) (P < 0.0001). Prokinetics (P = 0.0007) and laxatives (P < 0.0001) were recommended more often based on the WMC vs GES results. Recommendations for prokinetics and gastroparesis diets were higher and neuromodulators lower in subjects with delayed emptying on both tests (all P ≤ 0.0006). Laxatives and additional motility tests were ordered more frequently for delayed compared with normal WMC colonic transit (P ≤ 0.02). Multiple motility tests were ordered more often on the basis of GES vs WMC findings (P ≤ 0.004). Antidumping diets and transit slowing medications were more commonly recommended for rapid WMC gastric emptying (P ≤ 0.03).

DISCUSSION:

WMC transit results promote medication changes and eliminate additional diagnostic testing more often than GES because of greater detection of delayed gastric emptying and profiling the entire gastrointestinal tract in patients with gastroparesis symptoms.

TRANSLATIONAL IMPACT:

Gastric scintigraphy and WMCs have differential impact on management decisions in suspected gastroparesis.
Postprocessing Synchronization of a Laser Scanning System Aboard a UAV
Authors: Machado Marcela do Valle , Tommaselli Antonio Maria Garcia , Torres Fernanda Magri , Campos Mariana Batista
Published: October 2019

Synchronization of airborne laser scanning devices is a critical process that directly affects data accuracy. This process can be more challenging with low-cost airborne laser scanning (ALS) systems because some device connections from off-the-shelf sensors are less stable. An alternative
to synchronization is performing a postprocessing clock correction. This article presents a technique for postprocessing synchronization (off-line) that estimates clock differences based on the correlation between the signals from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) trajectory and
the light detection and ranging (lidar) range, followed by refinement with a least-squares method. The correlation between signals was automatically estimated considering the planned flight maneuvers, in a flat terrain, to produce altimetric trajectory variations. Experiments were performed
with an Ibeo LUX laser unit integrated with a NovAtel SPAN-IGM-S1 inertial navigation system that was transported by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The planimetric and altimetric accuracies of the point cloud obtained with the proposed postprocessing synchronization technique were 28 cm
and 10 cm, respectively, at a flight height of 35 m.
Programa São Paulo Faz Escola: apontamentos sobre o currículo e a ação docente
Authors: Lastória Andrea Coelho , Souza Sonara da Silva de
Published: October 2019

A Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo (SEESP) criou o Programa São Paulo Faz Escola (SPFE), que foi implementado em 2008, e ainda hoje (2019), está em vigor na rede estadual de ensino paulista. Nesse texto, analisamos algumas questões sobre esse currículo, dando destaque para a questão da ação docente. Nosso intuito é procurar evidências sobre como esse currículo, prescrito há tanto tempo, ainda persiste como um guia do trabalho docente nas escolas paulistas e que repercussões são percebidas na atuação e no desenvolvimento profissional dos professores. A análise indica que o Programa São Paulo Faz Escola está pautado numa política neoliberal, quantificando o ensino com avaliações externas e com a sistematização da meritocracia que responsabiliza os docentes pela falta de qualidade da escola pública e afeta, diretamente, a autonomia dos professores.
Foreign Bodies in the Abdominal Area: Review of the Literature
Authors: Nastoulis Evangelos , Karakasi Maria-Valeria , Alexandri Maria , Thomaidis Vasileios , Fiska Aliki , Pavlidis Pavlos
Published: October 2019

The aim of this paper is to update and summarize the relevant literature on the anatomical localization, incidence, and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to abdominal foreign bodies. A comprehensive review was carried out on recorded cases related to the presence of foreign bodies in the abdominal area throughout the literature. Moreover, the phenomenon was discussed in relation to different patient categories associated with childhood, mental or neurological illness, incarceration, and drug trafficking as well as sexual accident or abuse. Particular importance is ascribed to the underlying psychopathology and motivation of foreign body ingestion in each category of patients. The surgical, psychiatric and legal implications of the issue are discussed in detail.
‘The planks of the Ark’: Isho‘dad of Merv, John Malalas and the Syriac chronicle tradition
Authors: Hilkens Andy
Published: October 2019

In the middle of the ninth century, Isho‘dad of Merv, the East Syrian bishop of Haditha wrote extensive commentaries on all of the books of the Old and the New Testament, using a variety of sources, not only exegetical ones. This article offers the first (partial) reconstruction of Isho‘dad’s Syriac chronographic source, on the basis of a comparison of material in his commentaries on the Old Testament with two Syrian Orthodox chronicles (Michael the Syrian and the Anonymous Chronicle of 1234) and one Arabic Melkite chronicle (Agapius of Mabbug). It will be argued that this Syriac chronicle was written between the middle of the sixth century and the middle of the ninth century and was influenced by a variety of sources, most notably the Syriac Chronicle of Andronicus and the Chronicle Epitome of John Malalas.
Michael Panaretos in context. A historiographical study of the chronicle On the emperors of Trebizond
Authors: Kennedy Scott
Published: October 2019

It has often been said it would be impossible to write the history of the empire of Trebizond (1204-1461) without the terse and often frustratingly laconic chronicle of the Grand Komnenoi by the protonotarios of Alexios III (1349-1390), Michael Panaretos. While recent scholarship has infinitely enhanced our knowledge of the world in which Panaretos lived, it has been approximately seventy years since a scholar dedicated a historiographical study to the text. This study examines the world that Panaretos wanted posterity to see, examining how his post as imperial secretary and his use of sources shaped his representation of reality, whether that reality was Trebizond’s experience of foreigners, the reign of Alexios III, or a narrative that showed the superiority of Trebizond on the international stage. Finally by scrutinizing Panaretos in this way, this paper also illuminates how modern historians of Trebizond have been led astray by the chronicler, unaware of how Panaretos selected material for inclusion for the narratives of his chronicle.
Between conservation and restoration: the wall paintings in the church of the Crusaders in Abu Gosh and the authentication of the site as Emmaus
Authors: Ouizemann Rachel
Published: October 2019

The wall paintings in the Crusader church in Abu Gosh were conserved and restored in two different operations in the last thirty years. While the conservation revealed new iconographies of the original wall paintings, the restoration added and changed details. The discernment between the two allows us once again to discuss the meaning of the original Crusader decoration program as a whole. This article argues that the frescoes decorating the church reference a set of prominent sacred places in the Holy Land, and suggests an interpretation of the murals in regard to the holy place to which it is linked and to the edifice it adorns.
Macro vitamin B12: an underestimated threat
Authors: Soleimani Reza , Favresse Julien , Roy Tatiana , Gruson Damien , Fillée Catherine
Published: October 2019

Background

The correct identification of the macro-B12 interference (macroforms) is paramount to avoid potential erroneous clinical decisions. Our objectives were to determine whether immunoassays are affected by the presence of macro-B12 and to validate a polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation procedure to detect it.

Methods

Sixty-two serum samples obtained from healthy volunteers were analyzed to determine recovery and reference intervals (RIs) following PEG precipitation. Thereafter, 50 serum samples with very high levels of B12 (>1476 pmol/L) were randomly selected to search for macro-B12 interferences. Serum samples obtained from healthy volunteers and related PEG aliquots were analyzed on a Cobas® immunoassay. Patients’ samples were analyzed on both Cobas® and Architect® immunoassays. Finally, samples suspected to contain macro-B12 were analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) to confirm the presence of macro-B12.

Results

Recovery and post-PEG RIs determined on a Cobas 8000® in healthy volunteers ranged from 68.3% to 108.4% and from 122.1 to 514.4 pmol/L, respectively. Fifteen samples (30%) were found to show macro-B12 while using the recovery criteria, and nine samples (18%) while using the post-PEG RI. The other immunoassay ran on the Architect i2000® was also affected by the presence of macro-B12. Size-exclusion chromatography studies confirmed the presence of macro-B12 (immunoglobulin-B12 complexes).

Conclusions

The prevalence of macro-B12 in elevated B12 samples is high. We suggest to systematically screen for the presence of macro-B12 with PEG precipitation procedure in samples with elevated B12 levels to avoid potential misdiagnosis or harmful clinical consequences.
The EU Experience as a Model for the Development of a Single Financial Market Regulation in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)
Authors: Kasyanov Rustam A.
Published: October 2019

Five countries became members of the Eurasian Economic Union – an international organization of regional economic integration. The Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, and the Republic of Belarus signed the international Treaty in the city of Astana, Kazakhstan on May 29, 2014. The Republic of Armenia and the Kyrgyz Republic acceded to the Treaty later. Harmonized regulation of financial markets should be one of the initial areas of cooperation, with the aims of creating a single financial services market within the EAEU and ensuring non-discriminatory access to the national financial markets of each of the member states. The EAEU member states have already entered into the initial stage of developing the Eurasian common market in financial services. A considerable part of the work should be carried out by a supranational financial market regulation body, which is to be established by 2025 according to the EAEU Treaty.
Such financial integration in the EAEU has only been in progress for a limited time period and many of the key steps are yet to be done. The existing national-markets development level is highly non-homogeneous and is in need of further development. In such circumstances, a relevant question related to the study of foreign experience arises. European Union started to form its single financial services market in 1973, and since then it has gained certain experience in financial markets integration. This research paper is dedicated to the issue of necessity and possibility of using the EU experience in the course of the EAEU Single market development. The issue will be addressed in terms of political, legal, academic, and practical aspects. The article is of a general, theoretical legal character, which is why emphasis will be placed on legal and doctrinal questions. Special attention will be paid to an analysis of the Eurasian Economic Union Treaty and its Protocols. The work will be based on the academic research and opinions of Russian and foreign authors.
Crustacean shell bio-refining to chitin by natural deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Bradić Bojana , Novak Uroš , Likozar Blaž
Published: October 2019

This study provides a complete evaluation of a sustainable zero-waste process for the recovery of added value biomaterials from the abundant shrimp shell biomass waste using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). The process parameters for the fractionation of α-chitin, minerals and protein was followed using on-line measurements. Furthermore, the quantitative analysis of isolated chitin, minerals and solvent waste streams were examined. The dominant fractionation mechanisms are explained through the analysis of the liquid and solid fractions. Four of the most promising, and commercially available, NADES consisting on mixtures of Choline Chloride-Lactic Acid (CCLA), Choline Chloride-Malonic Acid (CCMA), Choline Chloride-Urea (CCUR) and Choline Chloride-Citric Acid (CCCA), were tested. The highest chitin extraction yield obtained was < 90% using CCLA, leading to purity higher than 98%. Moreover, it is possible to recycle this particular NADES several times, while having no loss in the shrimp shell fractionation capability.
Ribosome recycling in mRNA translation, quality control, and homeostasis
Authors: Nürenberg-Goloub Elina , Tampé Robert
Published: October 2019

Protein biosynthesis is a conserved process, essential for life. Ongoing research for four decades has revealed the structural basis and mechanistic details of most protein biosynthesis steps. Numerous pathways and their regulation have recently been added to the translation system describing protein quality control and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) surveillance, ribosome-associated protein folding and post-translational modification as well as human disorders associated with mRNA and ribosome homeostasis. Thus, translation constitutes a key regulatory process placing the ribosome as a central hub at the crossover of numerous cellular pathways. Here, we describe the role of ribosome recycling by ATP-binding cassette sub-family E member 1 (ABCE1) as a crucial regulatory step controlling the biogenesis of functional proteins and the degradation of aberrant nascent chains in quality control processes.