bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Injection Sequences on Spray Characteristics of an Air-Assisted Atomizer for Two-Stroke Aviation Engines
Authors: He Yituan , Zheng Denglin , Liu Chunzhi , Liao Shiyong
Published: March 2023

The air-assisted atomizer used in a two-stroke aviation engine has two separate operation sequences, namely the fuel injection and air injection, in contrast to the synchronous fuel/air injection of conventional effervescent atomizers for continuous combustion engines. This work presents a numerical flow modeling to explore the effects of these two injection sequences on the effervescent spray formation, using the combined methodology of Eulerian–Eulerian multiphase technique and Shear-Stress Transport k–ω turbulence model. The transient fuel delivery in the internal fuel passage of the atomizer and the effects of the injection sequences on the developments of the droplet sprays were studied. Three characteristic times T1, T2, and T3 were introduced to specify the fuel injection duration, air injection duration, and the time interval between these two injection sequences, respectively. The results showed that the most important role of T1 is to meter fuel mass loading, and T2 plays the dominant role in anchor-shaped spray structure. For the air-injection sequence, there is a critical time, T3c, which is defined as the minimum opening time of the air injector, for the complete ejection of the fuel in the atomizer, which shows a linear correlation to T2, but is weakly related to T1.
Performance of Quonset-Type Greenhouse Integrated With Thin Film Photovoltaic Thermal System Combined With Earth-Air Heat Exchanger for Hot and Dry Climatic Conditions
Authors: Jilani Md. Nadim Heyat , Yadav Somil , Panda S. K. , Mohapatra Pranab Kumar , Tiwari G. N.
Published: March 2023

The present study proposes a Quonset-type greenhouse integrated with a thin-film photovoltaic thermal (GiPVT) system combined with an earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE) for crop cultivation in harsh hot climate conditions. A periodic thermal model in terms of input climatic and design parameters has been developed to evaluate the GiPVT system’s thermal performance. This model is based on the energy balance equations of the GiPVT system, and it calculates PV roof temperature, greenhouse air temperature, and plant temperature for a given climatic data, i.e., solar irradiation and ambient air temperature. Furthermore, the thermal load leveling for the GiPVT system is determined to assess the thermal comfort status within the enclosed space of the system. The results indicate that EAHE successfully reduces greenhouse air temperature and increases the thermal comfort level inside the GiPVT system. Corresponding to the optimum flowrate of 0.5 kg/s, the maximum temperature of the plants and greenhouse is reduced by 20 °C and 21 °C, respectively. Moreover, the present GiPVT system produces 29.22 kWh of electrical energy per day, making the system self-sustainable.
Bayesian selection of plane-wave decomposition models
Authors: Nolan Mélanie , Xiang Ning
Published: March 2023

Plane-wave decompositions, whereby a measured sound field is described as a superposition of plane waves, are central to many applications in acoustics and audio engineering. This letter applies a Bayesian probabilistic inference framework to the plane wave decomposition problem and examines the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC) for selecting the optimum number of waves in the decomposition. The framework learns the model directly from the data and, as such, adapts to the wavefield under study. The DIC is applied to data measured in two reverberant sound fields (highly-reverberant and lightly-damped) to determine the simplest models providing the preferred fit to the data.
Exact radiation boundary conditions to determine the complex wavenumber of an underwater acoustic leaky wave antenna
Authors: Goldsberry Benjamin M. , Broadman Craig W. , Naify Christina J. , Haberman Michael R.
Published: March 2023

Underwater elastic leaky wave antennas (LWAs) steer acoustic energy as a function of frequency by exploiting fluid-solid coupling. LWAs present a modeling challenge due to complex radiation impedance on the waveguide surface that leads to changes in dynamic response. This work presents an approach to model underwater LWAs that considers an elastic unit cell surrounded by a fluid domain and includes a radiation boundary condition to simulate an open boundary. The model solves an eigenvalue problem for the complex-valued wavenumber given a specified frequency, forming an accurate representation for the free response of an elastic LWA in an underwater environment.
Habitually Scrolling: An Examination Into How Sport Consumers Use Social Media
Authors: Kennedy Heather , Funk Daniel C.
Published: March 2023

Uses and gratifications theory has often been used in (sport) communication studies to examine social media usage. Yet, criticisms of uses and gratifications theory (e.g., it overstates purposefulness) and competing research suggesting media use is more habitual and unconscious in nature have often been overlooked. Thus, through semistructured interviews, this research explored how social media is used, identifying five themes: passively, distinctly, periodically, habitually, and universally. Theoretically, this research contributes by highlighting the passive, habitual, and unconscious nature of some sport social media behavior, thereby challenging our current assumptions that sport social media usage is always active, purposeful, and goal directed. It also considers the uniqueness (or lack thereof) of sport content within the social media experience. Managerially, this research helps sport organizations understand how consumers use social media to inform marketing and communication strategies.
Early Changes in Postural Balance Following Inverted V-Shaped High Tibial Osteotomy in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Sabashi Kento , Chiba Takeshi , Iwasaki Koji , Onodera Tomohiro , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa , Tohyama Harukazu
Published: March 2023

Patients with knee osteoarthritis and varus knee deformity have impaired postural balance, resulting in decreased walking performance and an increased risk of falls. This study aimed to investigate the early changes in the postural balance following inverted V-shaped high tibial osteotomy (HTO). Fifteen patients with medial knee osteoarthritis were recruited. Postural balance was assessed using the center-of-pressure (COP) data during single-leg standing before and 6 weeks after inverted V-shaped HTO. The maximum range, mean velocity, and area of COP movements in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale for knee pain was assessed. The maximum range of COP in the mediolateral direction decreased (P = .017), whereas the mean velocity of COP in the anteroposterior direction increased 6 weeks postoperatively (P = .011). The visual analog scale score for knee pain significantly improved at 6 weeks postoperatively (P = .006). Valgus correction with inverted V-shaped HTO resulted in improved postural balance in the mediolateral direction and good short-term clinical outcomes early following surgery. Early rehabilitation after inverted V-shaped HTO should focus on postural balance in the anteroposterior direction.
Complex motion of Greenland Ice Sheet outlet glaciers with basal temperate ice
Authors: Law Robert , Christoffersen Poul , MacKie Emma , Cook Samuel , Haseloff Marianne , Gagliardini Olivier
Published: March 2023

Uncertainty associated with ice sheet motion plagues sea level rise predictions. Much of this uncertainty arises from imperfect representations of physical processes including basal slip and internal ice deformation, with ice sheet models largely incapable of reproducing borehole-based observations. Here, we model isolated three-dimensional domains from fast-moving (Sermeq Kujalleq/Store Glacier) and slow-moving (Isunnguata Sermia) ice sheet settings in Greenland. By incorporating realistic geostatistically simulated topography, we show that a spatially highly variable layer of temperate ice (much softer ice at the pressure-melting point) forms naturally in both settings, alongside ice motion patterns which diverge substantially from those obtained using smoothly varying BedMachine topography. Temperate ice is vertically extensive (>100 meters) in deep troughs but thins notably (<5 meters) over bedrock highs, with basal slip rates reaching >90 or <5% of surface velocity dependent on topography and temperate layer thickness. Developing parameterizations of the net effect of this complex motion can improve the realism of predictive ice sheet models.
Supplemental Material: Deep-water circulation in the northeast Atlantic during the mid- and Late Cretaceous
Authors: Liu Shan , al. et
Published: March 2023

Stratigraphy and lithology of hydrocarbon well MC-B3 and seismic stratigraphic framework. 
Supplemental Material: Structural control of Cambrian paleotopography and patterns of transgression in western Laurentia
Authors: Myrow Paul M. , al. et
Published: March 2023

Figure S1 (stratigraphic successions in Jones Hole, Utah, and Cross Mountain, Colorado) 
Supplemental Material: Calibrating the Early Cretaceous Urho Pterosaur Fauna in Junggar Basin and implications for the evolution of the Jehol Biota
Authors: Zheng Daran , al. et
Published: March 2023

Supplemental Text S1: Stratigraphic information, U-Pb geochronology by LA-MC-ICP-MS, and U-Pb geochronology by CA-ID-TIMS. Figure S1: Cathodoluminescent images of zircons from sample W-1 with youngest ages analyzed by LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb dating. Figure S2: Rank order plot of LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb ages for youngest zircon subpopulations from sample W-1. Table S1: Vertebrate and trace fossils from the Tugulu Group of Junggar Basin. Table S2: LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb analytical results for standard zircons and sample W-1. Table S3: CA-ID-TIMS U-Pb analytical results for sample W-1.
Supplemental Material: Compositional change from high-Mg to low-Mg magmatism at ca. 150 Ma in the central Lhasa terrane, Tibet: Switching from advancing to retreating subduction of the Bangong Tethyan slab
Authors: An Yu , Li Shi-Min , al. et
Published: March 2023

Supplemental Text S1: Analytical methods. Figures S1–S3. Tables S1–S4: Zircon trace-elemental, zircon U-Pb isotopic, zircon in-situ Hf isotopic, and whole-rock major- and trace-elemental data for intrusive rocks from the Zhegu, Wengmunong, and Dulu plutons in the central Lhasa subterrane. Table S5–S6: Compiled GPS positions, zircon U-Pb age, and Hf isotopic data for magmatic and sedimentary rocks in the central and southern Lhasa subterranes.
Presentation and management of delayed aortic endograft infection
Authors: Li Ben , Hennessey Hooman , Fenton John , Qadura Mohammad
Published: March 2023

A man in his 60s who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm 4 years ago presents with 1 week of abdominal pain, fever and leucocytosis. CT angiogram demonstrated an enlarged aneurysm sac with intraluminal gas and periaortic stranding consistent with infected EVAR. He was clinically unfit for an open surgical intervention due to his significant cardiac comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes, recent coronary artery bypass grafting and congestive heart failure secondary to ischaemic cardiomyopathy with an ejection fraction of 30%. Therefore, due to this significant surgical risk, he was treated with percutaneous drainage for the aortic collection and lifelong antibiotics. The patient is well 8 months following presentation with no signs of ongoing endograft infection, residual aneurysm sac enlargement, endoleak or haemodynamic instability.
Do cardiopulmonary exercise tests predict summit success and acute mountain sickness? A prospective observational field study at extreme altitude
Authors: Seiler Thomas , Nakas Christos T , Brill Anne-Kathrin , Hefti Urs , Hilty Matthias Peter , Perret-Hoigné Eveline , Sailer Jannis , Kabitz Hans-Joachim , Merz Tobias M , Pichler Hefti Jacqueline
Published: March 2023

Objective

During a high-altitude expedition, the association of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters with the risk of developing acute mountain sickness (AMS) and the chance of reaching the summit were investigated.

Methods

Thirty-nine subjects underwent maximal CPET at lowlands and during ascent to Mount Himlung Himal (7126 m) at 4844 m, before and after 12 days of acclimatisation, and at 6022 m. Daily records of Lake-Louise-Score (LLS) determined AMS. Participants were categorised as AMS+ if moderate to severe AMS occurred.

Results

Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) decreased by 40.5%±13.7% at 6022 m and improved after acclimatisation (all p<0.001). Ventilation at maximal exercise (VEmax) was reduced at 6022 m, but higher VEmaxwas related to summit success (p=0.031). In the 23 AMS+ subjects (mean LLS 7.4±2.4), a pronounced exercise-induced oxygen desaturation (ΔSpO2exercise) was found after arrival at 4844 m (p=0.005). ΔSpO2exercise>-14.0% identified 74% of participants correctly with a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 81% for predicting moderate to severe AMS. All 15 summiteers showed higher V̇O2max(p<0.001), and a higher risk of AMS in non-summiteers was suggested but did not reach statistical significance (OR: 3.64 (95% CI: 0.78 to 17.58), p=0.057). V̇O2max≥49.0 mL/min/kg at lowlands and ≥35.0 mL/min/kg at 4844 m predicted summit success with a sensitivity of 46.7% and 53.3%, and specificity of 83.3% and 91.3%, respectively.

Conclusion

Summiteers were able to sustain higher VEmaxthroughout the expedition. Baseline V̇O2maxbelow 49.0 mL/min/kg was associated with a high chance of 83.3% for summit failure, when climbing without supplemental oxygen. A pronounced drop of SpO2exerciseat 4844 m may identify climbers at higher risk of AMS.
Effects of verbal violence on job satisfaction, work engagement and the mediating role of emotional exhaustion among healthcare workers: a cross-sectional survey conducted in Chinese tertiary public hospitals
Authors: Cao Yiyin , Gao Lei , Fan Lihua , Zhang Zhong , Liu Xinyan , Jiao Mingli , Li Ye , Zhang Shu'e
Published: March 2023

Objective

Recently, Chinese ministries and commissions have issued a series of policies and systems in response to violent injuries to doctors, physical violence have been managed to a certain extent. However, verbal violence has not been deterred and is still prevalent, it has not received appropriate attention. This study thus aimed to assess the impact of verbal violence on the organisational level and identify its risk factors among healthcare workers, so as to provide practical methods for verbal violence reduction and treatment of the complete period.

Methods

Six tertiary public hospitals were selected in three provinces (cities) in China. After excluding physical and sexual violence, a total of 1567 remaining samples were included in this study. Descriptive, univariate, Pearson correlation and mediated regression analyses were employed to assess the difference between the variables, emotional responses of healthcare workers to verbal violence and the relationship between verbal violence and emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, and work engagement.

Results

Nearly half of the healthcare workers in China’s tertiary public hospitals experienced verbal violence last year. Healthcare workers who experienced verbal violence had strong emotional response. The exposure of healthcare workers to verbal violence significantly positively predicted the emotional exhaustion (r=0.20, p<0.01), significantly negatively predicted job satisfaction (r=−0.17, p<0.01) and work engagement (r=−0.18, p<0.01), but was not associated with turnover intention. Emotional exhaustion partially mediated the effects of verbal violence on job satisfaction and work engagement.

Conclusions

The results indicate that the incidence of workplace verbal violence in tertiary public hospitals in China is high and cannot be ignored. This study is to demonstrate the organisational-level impact of verbal violence experienced by healthcare workers and to propose training solutions to help healthcare workers reduce the frequency and mitigate the impact of verbal violence.
Neighbourhood environment as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes through association with the microbiome: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Farmer Nicole , Baginski Alyssa , Alkhatib Jenna , Maki Katherine A , Baumer Yvonne , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M , Wallen Gwenyth R
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The connection of the microbiome to human health intersects with the physical environment of humans. Each microbiome location can be influenced by environmental conditions that relate to specific geographical locations, which in turn are influenced by social determinants of health such as a neighbourhood. The objective of this scoping review is to explore the current evidence on the relationships between microbiome and neighbourhood to explain microbiome-related health outcomes.

Methods and analysis

Arksey and O’Malley’s literature review framework will be employed throughout the process, as well as Page,et al’s 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis updated workflow to process search results. The literature search will be completed using PubMed/Medline (NLM), Embase (Elsevier), Web of Science, Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics), Scopus (Elsevier), medRxiv preprint server and Open Science Framework server. The search will be conducted using a list of pre-identified Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms relating to neighbourhood, microbiome and individual characteristics. There will be no date or language restrictions used in the search. In order to be included in the study, a piece must include an evaluation of the relationship between microbiome diversity and neighbourhood (including at least one measurement of the neighbourhood and at least one human microbiome site). Excluded from the review will be those works that do not include all of these measures, literature reviews based on secondary sources and postmortem populations with no report of premortem health factors. The review itself will be an iterative process completed by two reviewers, with a third individual identified to break ties. Documents will be undergoing a risk assessment of bias in order for the authors to comment on the quality of the literature in this area. Finally, results will be discussed with identified stakeholders, including individuals connected to neighbourhoods facing structural inequity and experts in the topics of study through a community advisory board, for their feedback and knowledge transfer.

Ethics and dissemination

This review does not require ethical approval. Results of this search will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. Furthermore, this work is completed in conjunction with a community advisory board so as to ensure dissemination to multiple stakeholders.
Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in relation to natural infection and vaccination between October 2020 and September 2021 in the Czech Republic: a prospective national cohort study
Authors: Thon Vojtěch , Piler Pavel , Pavlík Tomáš , Andrýsková Lenka , Doležel Kamil , Kostka David , Pikhart Hynek , Bobák Martin , Klánová Jana
Published: March 2023

Objective

Examine changes in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity before and during the national vaccination campaign in the Czech Republic.

Design

Prospective national population-based cohort study.

Setting

Masaryk University, RECETOX, Brno.

Participants

22 130 persons provided blood samples at two time points approximately 5–7 months apart, between October 2020 and March 2021 (phase I, before vaccination), and between April and September 2021 (during vaccination campaign).

Outcome measures

Antigen-specific humoral immune response was analysed by detection of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by commercial chemiluminescent immunoassays. Participants completed a questionnaire that included personal information, anthropometric data, self-reported results of previous RT-PCR tests (if performed), history of symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and records of COVID-19 vaccination. Seroprevalence was compared between calendar periods, previous RT-PCR results, vaccination and other individual characteristics.

Results

Before vaccination (phase I), seroprevalence increased from 15% in October 2020 to 56% in March 2021. By the end of phase II, in September 2021, prevalence increased to 91%; the highest seroprevalence was seen among vaccinated persons with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (99.7% and 97.2%, respectively), while the lowest seroprevalence was found among unvaccinated persons with no signs of disease (26%). Vaccination rates were lower in persons who were seropositive in phase I but increased with age and body mass index. Only 9% of unvaccinated subjects who were seropositive in phase I became seronegative by phase II.

Conclusions

The rapid increase in seropositivity during the second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic (covered by phase I of this study) was followed by a similarly steep rise in seroprevalence during the national vaccination campaign, reaching seropositivity rates of over 97% among vaccinated persons.
Obstacles and opportunities for injury prevention in professional football in Qatar: exploring the implementation reality
Authors: Tabben Montassar , Verhagen Evert , Warsen Marit , Chaabane Mokthar , Schumacher Yorck , Alkhelaifi Khalid , Hassanmirzaei Bahar , Bahr Roald , Chamari Karim , Bolling Caroline
Published: March 2023

Background

Research focusing on reducing the risk of injuries has increased over the last two decades showing that prevention implementation in real life is challenging.

Objective

To explore the experience and opinions of professional football stakeholders regarding injuries, their prevention and the implementation of preventive measures.

Design

Qualitative study.

Setting

Technical and medical staff from Qatar’s premier football league.

Participants

22 professionals from 6 teams.

Main outcome

Semistructured interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the thematic analysis method.

Results

All the participants acknowledged the importance of injury prevention. They mentioned teamwork, trust and communication as critical factors for a successful injury prevention implementation. Teams’ doctors see themselves mainly involved in the treatment and recovery process, and to a lesser degree, in the prevention process. Physiotherapists defined their primary responsibilities as screening for injury risk and providing individual exercises to players. The participants declared that the fitness coach is responsible for injury prevention implementation. All stakeholders reported that the fitness coach plays a vital role in communication by bridging the head coach and the medical staff. Stakeholders reported that the Qatari football league has a very particular context around the player, such as socioecological factors influencing injury prevention implementation.

Conclusions

The fitness coach plays a vital role in the injury prevention implementation system, as one of the key actors for the process, as well as the bridge between the medical team and the head coach, resulting from their better communication with the head coaches. The findings support considering and understanding the contextual factors during the development of preventive strategies in football.
Navigating and adapting care integrating immunotherapy, antiangiogenic therapy, and combinations in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rini Brian I , Brugarolas James , Atkins Michael B
Published: March 2023

Advanced renal cell carcinoma is a biologically heterogeneous disease with multiple treatment options that largely involve immunotherapy and/or anti-angiogenic therapies. The choice of initial and subsequent therapy depends on both clinical and biological considerations. Here, we describe the application of recent data to clinical practice.
Burn-out in the health workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: opportunities for workplace and leadership approaches to improve well-being
Authors: Smallwood Natasha , Bismark Marie , Willis Karen
Published: March 2023

Background

Burn-out is a long-standing problem among healthcare workers (HCWs) and leads to poorer quality and less safe patient care, lower patient satisfaction, absenteeism and reduced workforce retention. Crises such as the pandemic not only generate new challenges but also intensify existing workplace stresses and chronic workforce shortages. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the global health workforce is burnt-out and under immense pressure, with multiple individual, organisational and healthcare system drivers.

Method

In this article, we examine how key organisational and leadership approaches can facilitate mental health support for HCWs and identify strategies to support HCWs that are critical for supporting workforce well-being during the pandemic.

Results

We identified 12 key approaches at the organisational and individual levels for healthcare leadership to support workforce well-being during the COVID-19 crisis. These approaches may inform leadership responses to future crises.

Conclusion

Governments, healthcare organisations and leaders must invest and deliver long-term measures to value, support and retain the health workforce to preserve high-quality healthcare.
Delivering effective Defence Engagement (Health): lessons from Operation TRENTON (South Sudan)
Authors: Bricknell Martin , Rowland T
Published: March 2023

This paper describes the Defence Engagement (Health) (DE(H)) component of the medical mission within the UK deployment to South Sudan under Op TRENTON, the UK troop contribution to the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). The DE(H) activities provided advice and mentoring to the Vietnamese military medical services to support the predeployment preparation and training of their medical contingent that would undertake a relief in place of the UK personnel providing a Level 2 hospital in Bentiu, South Sudan. The paper describes these UK DE(H) activities at the strategic, operational and tactical levels to show the integration across these levels from January 2017 until the handover of command in South Sudan on 26 October 2018. The UK worked alongside personnel from the US and Australian military medical services to deliver a Field Training Exercise and other capability-building events for personnel from the Vietnamese 175 Military Hospital. The paper shows how a DE(H) programme can have strategic effects by bringing another nation into a United Nations mission, increasing UK diplomatic activity with a partner country, and by ensuring continuity of medical cover to a key UNMISS location after the withdrawal of the UK medical contingent. This paper forms part of a special issue ofBMJ Military Healthdedicated to DE(H).
Comparison of patients with axial PsA and patients with axSpA and concomitant psoriasis: an analysis of the German register RABBIT-SpA
Authors: Regierer Anne Constanze , Weiß Anja , Proft Fabian , Baraliakos Xenofon , Behrens Frank , Poddubnyy Denis , Schett Georg , Lorenz Hanns-Martin , Worsch Matthias , Strangfeld Anja
Published: March 2023

Background

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) show certain overlaps: A subset of patients with PsA can develop axial involvement (axial PsA, axPsA), while a subset of patients with axSpA presents with psoriasis (axSpA+pso). Treatment strategy for axPsA is mostly based on axSpA evidence.

Objectives

To compare demographic and disease-specific parameters of axPsA and axSpA+pso.

Methods

RABBIT-SpA is a prospective longitudinal cohort study. AxPsA was defined based on (1) clinical judgement by rheumatologists; (2) imaging (sacroiliitis according to modified New York criteria in radiographs or signs of active inflammation in MRI or syndesmophytes/ankylosis in radiographs or signs of active inflammation in spine MRI). axSpA was stratified into axSpA+pso and axSpA without pso.

Results

Psoriasis was documented in 181/1428 axSpA patients (13%). Of 1395 PsA patients, 359 (26%) showed axial involvement. 297 patients (21%) fulfilled the clinical definition and 196 (14%) the imaging definition of axial manifestation of PsA. AxSpA+pso differed from axPsA regardless whether clinical or imaging definition was used. axPsA patients were older, more often female and less often HLA-B27+. Peripheral manifestations were more often present in axPsA than in axSpA+pso, whereas uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease were more common in axSpA+pso. Burden of disease (patient global, pain, physician global) was similar among axPsA and axSpA+pso patients.

Conclusions

AxPsA differs from axSpA+pso in its clinical manifestations, irrespective of whether axPsA is defined clinically or by imaging. These findings support the hypothesis that axSpA and PsA with axial involvement are distinct entities, so extrapolation of treatment data from randomised controlled trials in axSpA should be performed with caution.
Empiric tranexamic acid use provides no benefit in urgent orthopedic surgery following injury
Authors: Carr Bryan , Li Shi-Wen , Hill Jamel G , Feizpour Cyrus , Zarzaur Ben L , Savage Stephanie
Published: March 2023

Background

Orthopedic literature has demonstrated a significant decrease in postoperative transfusion requirements when tranexamic acid (TXA) was given during elective joint arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the empiric use of TXA in semi-urgent orthopedic procedures following injury. We hypothesized that TXA would be associated with increased rates of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) and have no effect on transfusion requirements.

Methods

Patients who empirically received TXA during a semi-urgent orthopedic surgery following injury (TXA+) were matched using propensity scoring to historical controls (CONTROL) who did not receive TXA. Outcomes included VTE within 6 months of injury and packed red blood cell utilization. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear modeling were used to determine odds of VTE and transfusion.

Results

200 patients were included in each group. There was no difference in mortality between groups. TXA+ patients did not have an increase in VTE events (OR 0.680, 95% CI 0.206 to 2.248). TXA+ patients had a significantly higher odds of being transfused during their hospital stay (OR 2.175, 95% CI 1.246 to 3.797) and during the index surgery (increased 0.95 units (SD 0.16), p<0.0001). Overall transfusion was also significantly higher in the TXA+ group (p=0.0021).

Conclusion

Empiric use of TXA in semi-urgent orthopedic surgeries did not increase the odds of VTE. Despite the elective literature, TXA administration did not associate with less transfusion requirements. A properly powered, prospective, randomized trial should be designed to elucidate the risks and benefits associated with TXA use in this setting.

Level of evidence

Level IV.
Bc∗ meson parameters and radiative decay width within the covariant confined quark model
Authors: Issadykov Aidos , Sakhiyev Sayabek K.
Published: March 2023

In this work, we tried to predict the parameters of [Formula: see text] meson. Simple assumptions gave us the following parameters [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MeV (for [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV in covariant confined quark model). We calculated widths of radiative decays of [Formula: see text] mesons, where [Formula: see text] and compared them with other theoretical works. It was shown that the width of the [Formula: see text] meson is very sensitive to the mass [Formula: see text] as expected and less to the size parameter [Formula: see text].
Optimizing FPGA-Based Convolutional Neural Network Performance
Authors: Kao Chi-Chou
Published: March 2023

In deep learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a class of artificial neural networks (ANNs), most commonly applied to analyze visual imagery. They are also known as Shift-Invariant or Space-Invariant Artificial Neural Networks (SIANNs), based on the shared-weight architecture of the convolution kernels or filters that slide along input features and provide translation-equivariant responses known as feature maps. Recently, various architectures for CNN based on FPGA platform have been proposed because it has the advantages of high performance and fast development cycle. However, some key issues including how to optimize the performance of CNN layers with different structures, high-performance heterogeneous accelerator design, and how to reduce the neural network framework integration overhead need to be improved. To overcome and improve these problems, we propose dynamic cycle pipeline tiling, data layout optimization, and a pipelined software and hardware (SW–HW)-integrated architecture with flexibility and integration. Some benchmarks have been tested and implemented on the FPGA board for the proposed architecture. The proposed dynamic tiling and data layout transformation improved by 2.3 times in the performance. Moreover, with two-level pipelining, we achieve up to five times speedup and the proposed system is 3.8 times more energy-efficient than the GPU.
A New Heuristic Tool for Designing Multiple-Valued Logic Systems
Authors: Savran Ibrahim
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a brand new heuristic optimization algorithm for multiple-valued logic (MVL) functions and the performance of the implementation will be introduced. In logic synthesis, optimization procedure is a fundamental process in order to design more efficient systems. The proposed algorithm, called MVL-MIN, utilizes Cube Algebra operators. MVL-MIN computes the prime cubes that cover a target cube at a time, instead of extracting all the primes for a given MVL function. MVL-MIN consists of five major procedures, called (a) checking, (b) expansion, (c) elimination, (d) nondisjoint sharp, and (e) prime determination. In order to find a near-minimal cover, three different prime determination functions are developed.

The implementation based on the new algorithm is compared with MVSIS. For testing, three sets of test bench are prepared. Each set includes 5 MVL functions. Test results proved that MVL-MIN is able to solve all test files within a fixed allocation of computer resources while MVSIS could not. MVL-MIN achieved 1.9× to 9.7× speedup over MVSIS. In terms of cover size, since current MVL-MIN implementation cannot recognize redundant cubes, MVSIS computed more concise covers for all test benches than MVL-MIN.
Strict inequalities for the n-crossing number
Authors: Hagedorn Nicholas D.
Published: March 2023

In 2013, Adams introduced the [Formula: see text]-crossing number of a knot [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text]. Inequalities between the [Formula: see text]-, [Formula: see text]-, [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-crossing numbers have been previously established. We prove [Formula: see text] for all knots [Formula: see text] that are not the trivial, trefoil, or figure-eight knot. We show this inequality is optimal and obtain previously unknown values for [Formula: see text].
Cosmological tests of parametrization q = α − β H in f(Q) FLRW cosmology
Authors: Bouali Amine , Shukla B. K. , Chaudhary Himanshu , Tiwari Rishi Kumar , Samar Mahvish , Mustafa G.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we investigate the accelerated expansion of the Universe in the context of [Formula: see text] modified theory of gravity, where [Formula: see text] is a non-metricity scalar which characterizes the gravitational interaction by using parametrization of the deceleration parameter [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are free parameters constrained by the 57 points of [Formula: see text] datasets, 1048 points of Pantheon, 10 points from Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) datasets and the shift parameters from Planck 2018 of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). In the purpose of validating our model, we proceed by the Om diagnostic and the energy conditions. Later we discussed how our model statistically supports [Formula: see text]CDM using [Formula: see text] criterion analysis.
Scale covariant theory as a dark energy model
Authors: Singh Pheiroijam Suranjoy , Singh Kangujam Priyokumar
Published: March 2023

We consider it worthy if we could construct a realistic model universe that would enable us to identify a clue about the source of dark energy. So, we develop a Scale Covariant Theory model universe considering a 5D spherically symmetric space-time. It is predicted that the constructed model itself behaves as a phantom energy model/ source that tends to a de Sitter phase avoiding the finite-time future singularity (big rip). The model universe is isotropic and is free from an initial singularity. The gravitational constant [Formula: see text] decreases with a variation of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text] and the Hubble parameter is estimated to be [Formula: see text]. We also provide a thorough analysis of the cosmological findings with graphical representations.
Symplectic scalar curvature on the supermanifold of differential forms
Authors: Hernández-Amador Rosalía G. , Vallejo J. A. , Vorobev Yury
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we study the notion of symplectic scalar curvature on the supermanifold over an ordinary Fedosov manifold whose structural sheaf is that of differential forms. In this purely geometric context, we introduce two families of odd super-Fedosov structures, the first one is very general and uses a graded symmetric connection, leading to a vanishing odd symplectic scalar curvature, while the second one is based on a graded non-symmetric connection and has a nontrivial odd symplectic scalar curvature. As a simple example of the second case, we determine that curvature when the base Fedosov manifold is the torus.
Almost Ricci–Yamabe solitons on almost Kenmotsu manifolds
Authors: Khatri Mohan , Singh Jay Prakash
Published: March 2023

This paper examines almost Kenmotsu manifolds (briefly, AKMs) endowed with the almost Ricci–Yamabe solitons (ARYSs) and gradient ARYSs. The condition for an AKM with ARYS to be [Formula: see text]-Einstein is established. We also show that an ARYS on Kenmotsu manifold becomes a Ricci–Yamabe soliton under certain restrictions. In this series, it is proven that a [Formula: see text]-dimensional [Formula: see text]-AKM equipped with a gradient ARYS is either locally isometric to [Formula: see text] or the Reeb vector field and the soliton vector field are codirectional. The properties of three-dimensional non-Kenmotsu AKMs endowed with a gradient ARYS are studied.
A Novel Genetic-Inspired Binary Firefly Algorithm for Feature Selection in the Prediction of Cervical Cancer
Authors: Bhavani Ch. , Govardhan A.
Published: March 2023

More than 85% of women die from cervical cancer (CC) in developing countries, which is one of the major causes of premature mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to reducing cancer mortality as they lead to greater improvements and longer patient survival. CC is associated with several risk factors. The data set may contain redundant, irrelevant, and unreliable features, due to which we may get unreliable results in the process of classification. Feature selection techniques could be observed as a probable solution for this type of problem. In this study, a Novel Genetic-inspired Binary Firefly Algorithm with Random Forest (NGBFA-RF) is proposed as a solution for dimensionality reduction and to find a good set of features to be used in the process of classification. This study was based on the CC Risk Factors, which contain 32 risk factors and four dependent variables. The imbalance of data was alleviated by using the SMOTE data sampling technique. The proposed method’s main goal is to improve predictive accuracy with a small number of features, thereby reducing classification errors. The proposed novel algorithm based on the Firefly Algorithm with genetic operations has shown better results than the other existing models. The efficacy of the proposed novel algorithm has been assessed based on accuracy, recall, precision, [Formula: see text]-score, and AUC–ROC curve values. Results have exposed that a reduced feature set is helpful in getting a better accuracy of 98% with only five features in the classification with NGBFA-RF along with the hybrid ensemble classifier.
Advancing Human-AI Complementarity: The Impact of User Expertise and Algorithmic Tuning on Joint Decision Making
Authors: Inkpen Kori , Chappidi Shreya , Mallari Keri , Nushi Besmira , Ramesh Divya , Michelucci Pietro , Mandava Vani , Vepřek Libuše Hannah , Quinn Gabrielle
Published: March 2023

Human-AI collaboration for decision-making strives to achieve team performance that exceeds the performance of humans or AI alone. However, many factors can impact success of Human-AI teams, including a user’s domain expertise, mental models of an AI system, trust in recommendations, and more. This article reports on a study that examines users’ interactions with three simulated algorithmic models, all with equivalent accuracy rates but each tuned differently in terms of true positive and true negative rates. Our study examined user performance in a non-trivial blood vessel labeling task where participants indicated whether a given blood vessel was flowing or stalled. Users completed 140 trials across multiple stages, first without an AI and then with recommendations from an AI-Assistant. Although all users had prior experience with the task, their levels of proficiency varied widely.

Our results demonstrated that while recommendations from an AI-Assistant can aid in users’ decision making, several underlying factors, including user base expertise and complementary human-AI tuning, significantly impact the overall team performance. First, users’ base performance matters, particularly in comparison to the performance level of the AI. Novice users improved, but not to the accuracy level of the AI. Highly proficient users were generally able to discern when they should follow the AI recommendation and typically maintained or improved their performance. Mid-performers, who had a similar level of accuracy to the AI, were most variable in terms of whether the AI recommendations helped or hurt their performance. Second, tuning an AI algorithm to complement users’ strengths and weaknesses also significantly impacted users’ performance. For example, users in our study were better at detecting flowing blood vessels, so when the AI was tuned to reduce false negatives (at the expense of increasing false positives), users were able to reject those recommendations more easily and improve in accuracy. Finally, users’ perception of the AI’s performance relative to their own performance had an impact on whether users’ accuracy improved when given recommendations from the AI. Overall, this work reveals important insights on the complex interplay of factors influencing Human-AI collaboration and provides recommendations on how to design and tune AI algorithms to complement users in decision-making tasks.
MaNIACS
: Approximate Mining of Frequent Subgraph Patterns through Sampling
Authors: Preti Giulia , De Francisci Morales Gianmarco , Riondato Matteo
Published: March 2023

We present
MaNIACS
, a sampling-based randomized algorithm for computing high-quality approximations of the collection of the subgraph patterns that are frequent in a single, large, vertex-labeled graph, according to the Minimum Node Image-based (MNI) frequency measure. The output of
MaNIACS
comes with strong probabilistic guarantees, obtained by using the empirical Vapnik–Chervonenkis (VC) dimension, a key concept from statistical learning theory, together with strong probabilistic tail bounds on the difference between the frequency of a pattern in the sample and its exact frequency.
MaNIACS
leverages properties of the MNI-frequency to aggressively prune the pattern search space, and thus to reduce the time spent in exploring subspaces that contain no frequent patterns. In turn, this pruning leads to better bounds to the maximum frequency estimation error, which leads to increased pruning, resulting in a beneficial feedback effect. The results of our experimental evaluation of
MaNIACS
on real graphs show that it returns high-quality collections of frequent patterns in large graphs up to two orders of magnitude faster than the exact algorithm.
Evaluation of Methods for Superhard Material Processing to Ensure Wear Resistance of Finished Structures
Authors: Chen Lingxiang , Ju Yao , Hao Zhiyuan
Published: March 2023

New alloys and their processing methods to increase hardness and wear resistance are constantly being searched. After frictional wear and water suspension testing at various exposure angles, the impact of various composite processing techniques (laser, pulsed plasma, and freezing at −192 °C with varying exposure times from 16 to 24 h in increments of 2 h) on the strength and elasticity of the Ti(0.75)-Al2O3(0.05)-WC(0.2) alloy was investigated. The preservation of qualities after the wear test, particularly after friction, was found to be improved by the laser’s and the pulses’ effects. In comparison to laser processing, pulsed plasma processing increased the material’s hardness, elasticity, compressive strength, and tensile strength for practically all experimental types. The alloy’s tensile strength was at its peak (3.8%), following laser processing, and fell by a maximum of 0.383% when the suspension was used at the highest angle. The attribute that underwent the most beneficial change as a result of pulsed plasma processing was elasticity. This sort of processing produced a final value of 1,482 MPa. Wear-insensitive tests revealed a considerable degradation of the test material’s characteristics. The alloy’s hardness was raised by cryogenic processing. Under exposure to negative temperatures for 24 h, the highest value was attained.
Review—Recent Trends on Junction-Less Field Effect Transistors in Terms of Device Topology, Modeling, and Application
Authors: Raut Pratikhya , Nanda Umakanta , Panda Deepak Kumar
Published: March 2023

Junction less field effect transistor, also known as JLFET, is widely regarded as the most promising candidate that has the potential to replace the more conventional MOSFET used in IC technology at the present time. These FETs are less likely to have short channel effects (SCEs) than devices with junctions, as shown by their remarkable subthreshold swing and drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL). Due to its gate coupling, the Gate-All-Around (GAA) JLFET is a better contender to uphold Moore’s law than other existing sub-22 nm device architectures and regular JLFET, which allows more precise channel tuning. In GAA device structure, SCEs are minimized in comparison to junctionless at the same node technology. Among GAA and JLFET at the same technology node, the SCE is kept to a minimum in GAA. Until now, none of the manuscripts have provided a comprehensive review of the various JLFET structures and modeling techniques for the analysis of their various device parameters in a single place. From device evaluation and application to qualitative & quantitative parameter analysis studies likewise subthreshold swing value, DIBL and switching ratio, this manuscript provides comprehensive information on the various structures of Junctionless and Gate-Around JLFETs in one place. Furthermore, the manuscript provides a brief overview of various device modeling techniques of JLFETs for enhancing the device’s characteristics and its application in various semiconductor industries. This manuscript will provide researchers with an overview of how to design future generations JLFET structures with improved performance and modeling simplicity.