bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of land-use change model for supporting land-use planning in An Bien district, Kien Giang province, Vietnam
Authors: Chi Quang Truong , Thi Kim Tien Danh , Hong Thao Nguyen , Quang Minh Vo
Published: May 2024

Forecasting land-use change is a critical step in assisting land-use planning, especially for coastal areas that are influenced by many economic and natural environmental factors. This study aims to estimate land use changes based for An Bien district, Mekong Delta based on multi-criteria assessment of factors affecting land use change. The model has been calibrated with the 2015 land-use map and verified with the 2020 map. The results of land-use change analysis in An Bien district were carried out according two scenarios: (i) forecasting the area under present conditions and (ii) forecasting land use area in the case of economic benefits and suitable environmental conditions for aquaculture production. Scenario 1 showed that the results will not change much compared to the current situation, in which rice-shrimp plays a leading role locality, however Scenario 2 showed that shrimp area will rapidly rise. In general, the simulation results allow users to explore future planning possibilities and serve as a basis for selecting appropriate land-use types.
Evaluating Trends of Temperature Index in Gia Lai Province Based on IITA and IPTA Approaches under Climate Change
Authors: Minh Hai Le , Thi Ha Phan , Nguyen Dong Phuong Dang , Thi Hong Nguyen , Duy Liem Nguyen , Minh Dung Ho
Published: May 2024

This study performs historical trend analysis for average, maximum, and minimum temperatures using the integration of the Improved visualization for trend analysis (IITA) and Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA) of Şen to evaluate the tendency of extreme temperatures on different time scales (annual, monthly and seasonal) in Gia Lai province from 1980 to 2019 at three stations, including Pleiku, AyunPa, and An Khe. Results recorded over the past four decades, the temperature trend in Gia Lai has been gradually warming. The average temperature in each month of the year ranges from 19 to 28°C, December and January usually have the lowest temperature of the year with a variation lower than 20°C. On the contrary, the months of April, May, and June often have the highest temperatures of the year, with a variation greater than 26°C. The outcomes of this research have provided a general picture of temperature characteristics, useful information for the management and planning of land use, irrigation and water supply in Gia Lai province under unpredictable climate change.
Environmental Quality Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) in Can Tho City, Vietnam.
Authors: Diep N T H , Nguyen N T , Hieu D C , Huong N T T , Trang D H
Published: May 2024

The significance of green spaces and ecological priorities in urban areas–two major concepts and advancements in Vietnam's recent urban growth, particularly in Can Tho City–is addressed by urban planning. An ecological assessment necessitates participating in urban planning and the eco-environment protection system. This study evaluated the change in the ecological quality of Can Tho City in the period 2015 - 2020 by approaching remote sensing indicators and statistical methods. Using Landsat 8 OLI satellite data from 2015 to 2020, four indicators were calculated in this study: heat (LST), dryness (NDBSI), wetness (WET), and greenness (NDVI). These indices were then applied using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method to estimate the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI). According to the data, the RSEI mean was 3.66 in 2015 and 3.60 in 2020. In 2015, areas with good and very good ecological quality (EQ) accounted for 88.78% of the total natural area; by 2020, it was 84.75%. The areas with low quality increased from 1.97% in 2015 to 3.49% in 2020. This indicates a decreasing trend in ecological quality within the area. The declining trend in urban ecological quality (UEQ) at Can Tho City between 2015 and 2020 can be objectively reflected by the RSEI and the shifting proportions of the ecological level. The results of RSEI provide fundamental data on the ecological quality of the urban environment to support policymakers, managers, and authorities in implementing and developing sustainable approaches to urban ecological conservation and environmental quality preservation.
Assessing impact of climate change on streamflow: A case study in Ba River watershed, Gia Lai province, Vietnam
Authors: Minh Hai Le , Minh Dung Ho , Ngoc Quynh Tram Vo , Thi Ha Phan , Thi Huyen Nguyen , Hoang Tu Le
Published: May 2024

Surface water resources have been impacted by climate change. Due to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published its sixth assessment report in recent years. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of the latest climate change scenarios on surface resources. The Ba River watershed’s streamflow was simulated under current and climate change conditions utilizing Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Two shared Socio-economic Pathways 1-2.6 and 5-8.5 from ACCESS-CM2, CanESM5, and HadGEM3-GC31-LL General circulation models were used. The simulated annual discharge showed that surface water resources will increase during the 2030s, 2050s, 2080s, and entire periods for all the climate change scenarios in the watershed. Additionally, surface water resource maps of the watershed were created for each period of the climate change scenarios. The results from this study have indicated the effective application of SWAT model in assessing the impact of climate change on water resources.
Assessment of land cover changes using sentinel-2 satellite image data: A case study of Thanh Hoa coastal area, Viet Nam
Authors: Thi Phuong To , Le Hung Trinh , Thi Giang Le , Xuan Bien Tran , Van Phu Le
Published: May 2024

Land use and management decisions heavily rely on the evaluating changes in land cover. Remote sensing techniques are becoming increasingly reliable and applicable, making them particularly useful for assessing and monitoring changes in land cover. In this study, the authors used Sentinel-2 MSI optical satellite image data and machine learning algorithms to classify and evaluate land cover changes in Thanh Hoa province’s coastal area between 2015 and 2023. Our research findings showed that Sentinel-2 MSI satellite image data can accurately interpret and classify land cover, with Kappa values ranging from 0.892 to 0.907. Furthermore, our findings indicated an increase in the area covered by build-up class. Meanwhile, vegetation cover and water surface class tend to decrease, especially the sharp decline of surface water. Research results help local policymakers develop land use plans in the direction of sustainable economic and social development.
Droplet bioprinting of acellular and cell-laden structures at high-resolutions
Authors: Kunwar Puskal , Aryal Ujjwal , Poudel Arun , Fougnier Daniel , Geffert Zachary J , Xie Rui , Li Zhen , Soman Pranav
Published: May 2024

Advances in digital light projection(DLP) based (bio) printers have made printing of intricate structures at high resolution possible using a wide range of photosensitive bioinks. A typical setup of a DLP bioprinter includes a vat or reservoir filled with liquid bioink, which presents challenges in terms of cost associated with bioink synthesis, high waste, and gravity-induced cell settling, contaminations, or variation in bioink viscosity during the printing process. Here, we report a vat-free, low-volume, waste-free droplet bioprinting method capable of rapidly printing 3D soft structures at high resolution using model bioinks and model cells. A multiphase many-body dissipative particle dynamics model was developed to simulate the dynamic process of droplet-based DLP printing and elucidate the roles of surface wettability and bioink viscosity. Process variables such as light intensity, photo-initiator concentration, and bioink formulations were optimized to print 3D soft structures (∼0.4–3 kPa) with a typical layer thickness of 50 µm, an XY resolution of 38 ± 1.5 μm and Z resolution of 237 ± 5.4 µm. To demonstrate its versatility, droplet bioprinting was used to print a range of acellular 3D structures such as a lattice cube, a Mayan pyramid, a heart-shaped structure, and a microfluidic chip with endothelialized channels. Droplet bioprinting, performed using model C3H/10T1/2 cells, exhibited high viability (90%) and cell spreading. Additionally, microfluidic devices with internal channel networks lined with endothelial cells showed robust monolayer formation while osteoblast-laden constructs showed mineral deposition upon osteogenic induction. Overall, droplet bioprinting could be a low-cost, no-waste, easy-to-use, method to make customized bioprinted constructs for a range of biomedical applications.
Systematic testing, verification and validation of laser treatments for unglazed earthenware affected by lichens and fungi biodeterioration
Authors: Ciofini D , Mazzotti V , Rondelli P , Salvadori B , Manganelli Del Fà R , Agresti J , Riminesi C , Siano S , Osticioli I
Published: May 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring environmentally friendly and healthy alternatives to conventional solvent cleaning and biocides in the conservation of stone artworks. Here, we focus on the potential of laser-based photonic methods for treating biodeteriorated earthenware artefacts. The investigation was conducted on Roman dolia (jars) of the International Museum of Ceramics, Faenza, Italy. Three removal methods were tested and compared: (i) brushing using a soft-bristled electric brush and water, referred to as brush cleaning; (ii) a combination of brushing and laser ablation; and (iii) biocide and brushing. Four laser systems with different wavelengths and optimized pulse durations in nanosecond or microsecond regimes were used in the tests. Systematic irradiation tests were conducted to determine the damage thresholds and define safe laser irradiation levels. The characterizations of the surfaces under treatment were carried out pre- and post-laser irradiation using optical microscopy, 3D photogrammetry, and Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated Chlorophyll-Fluorometry. Furthermore, spectroscopic methods based on FTIR, Raman, and LIBS techniques were used to assess the effectiveness of the removal process and the composition of uncovered surfaces. Results have indicated that gentle brushing and water is the most effective approach for safely removing around 60% of the bio-colonization weakly anchored to the substrate over the area under treatment. This comprised viable species, whereas the remaining 40% of the area included endolithic species, mostly thalli of Verrucaria nigrescens and rock-dwelling fungi. The eradication of the latter was the real conservation concern requiring attention. Following the experimentation, the optimal method for safely uncovering the earthenware surface was a combination of water-assisted brushing and 1064 nm laser irradiation as a finishing treatment.
The small-world effect for interferometer networks
Authors: Krawciw Benjamin , Carr Lincoln D , Diniz Behn Cecilia
Published: May 2024

Complex network theory has focused on properties of networks with real-valued edge weights. However, in signal transfer networks, such as those representing the transfer of light across an interferometer, complex-valued edge weights are needed to represent the manipulation of the signal in both magnitude and phase. These complex-valued edge weights introduce interference into the signal transfer, but it is unknown how such interference affects network properties such as small-worldness. To address this gap, we have introduced a small-world interferometer network model with complex-valued edge weights and generalized existing network measures to define the interferometric clustering coefficient, the apparent path length, and the interferometric small-world coefficient. Using high-performance computing resources, we generated a large set of small-world interferometers over a wide range of parameters in system size, nearest-neighbor count, and edge-weight phase and computed their interferometric network measures. We found that the interferometric small-world coefficient depends significantly on the amount of phase on complex-valued edge weights: for small edge-weight phases, constructive interference led to a higher interferometric small-world coefficient; while larger edge-weight phases induced destructive interference which led to a lower interferometric small-world coefficient. Thus, for the small-world interferometer model, interferometric measures are necessary to capture the effect of interference on signal transfer. This model is an example of the type of problem that necessitates interferometric measures, and applies to any wave-based network including quantum networks.
Dietary characteristics of community-dwelling older adults with poor appetite: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Scheufele Pia , Rappl Anja , Visser Marjolein , Kiesswetter Eva , Volkert Dorothee
Published: May 2024

Rationale

Poor appetite is considered a key factor in the development of malnutrition, a link that can be explained by alterations in dietary intake. Given the limited data on dietary characteristics in community-dwelling older adults with poor appetite, the present study aimed to examine whether poor appetite is associated with lower nutrient intake and more unfavourable food choices.

Methods

In 569 participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam aged ≥70 years appetite was assessed using the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire and dichotomised into normal (>14) and poor (≤14). Intake of energy, 19 nutrients, 15 food groups, the Dutch Healthy Diet Index 2015 (DHD15) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) were calculated from a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary differences between appetite groups were examined using Mann–Whitney U test and binary logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

Mean age was 78 ± 6 years and 52% were female. Appetite was poor in 12.5% of participants. Energy intake was 1951 (median; quartiles 1–3: 1,653–2,384) kcal/day with no difference between appetite groups. Poor appetite was associated with lower intake of protein (OR 0.948, 95%CI 0.922–0.973), folate (0.981, 0.973–0.989), zinc (0.619, 0.454–0.846), vegetables (0.988, 0.982–0.994) and lower scores of DHD15 (0.964, 0.945–0.983) and MDS (0.904, 0.850–0.961), as well as higher intake of carbohydrates (1.015, 1.006–1.023), and vitamins B2 (4.577, 1.650–12.694) and C (1.013, 1.005–1.021).

Conclusions

Community-dwelling older adults with poor appetite showed poorer diet quality with a lower intake of protein, folate, zinc and vegetables, compared with those reporting normal appetite and should be advised accordingly.
DNA methylation as a possible mechanism linking childhood adversity and health: results from a 2-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Schuurmans Isabel K , Dunn Erin C , Lussier Alexandre A
Published: May 2024

Childhood adversity is an important risk factor for adverse health across the life course. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), are a hypothesized mechanism linking adversity to disease susceptibility. Yet, few studies have determined whether adversity-related DNAm alterations are causally related to future health outcomes or if their developmental timing plays a role in these relationships. Here, we used 2-sample mendelian randomization to obtain stronger causal inferences about the association between adversity-associated DNAm loci across development (ie, birth, childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood) and 24 mental, physical, and behavioral health outcomes. We identified particularly strong associations between adversity-associated DNAm and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, suicide attempts, asthma, coronary artery disease, and chronic kidney disease. More of these associations were identified for birth and childhood DNAm, whereas adolescent and young adulthood DNAm were more closely linked to mental health. Childhood DNAm loci also had primarily risk-suppressing relationships with health outcomes, suggesting that DNAm might reflect compensatory or buffering mechanisms against childhood adversity rather than acting solely as an indicator of disease risk. Together, our results suggest adversity-related DNAm alterations are linked to both physical and mental health outcomes, with particularly strong impacts of DNAm differences emerging earlier in development.
KATP channel mutation disrupts hippocampal network activity and nocturnal gamma shifts
Authors: Burkart Marie-Elisabeth , Kurzke Josephine , Jacobi Robert , Vera Jorge , Ashcroft Frances M , Eilers Jens , Lippmann Kristina
Published: May 2024

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple cell metabolism to cellular electrical activity. Humans affected by severe activating mutations in KATP channels suffer from developmental delay, epilepsy and neonatal diabetes (DEND syndrome). While the aetiology of diabetes in DEND syndrome is well understood, the pathophysiology of the neurological symptoms remains unclear. We hypothesized that impaired activity of parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV-INs) may result in seizures and cognitive problems.

We found, by performing electrophysiological experiments, that expressing the DEND mutation Kir6.2-V59M selectively in mouse PV-INs reduced intrinsic gamma frequency preference and short-term depression as well as disturbed cognition-associated gamma oscillations and hippocampal sharp waves. Furthermore, the risk of seizures was increased and the day-night shift in gamma activity disrupted.

Blocking KATP channels with tolbutamide partially rescued the network oscillations. The non-reversible part may, to some extent, result from observed altered PV-IN dendritic branching and PV-IN arrangement within CA1.

In summary, PV-INs play a key role in DEND syndrome, and this provides a framework for establishing treatment options.
A galling connection: an unusual lesion on the abdomen of a 101-year-old woman
Authors: Rabindranathnambi Aswatha , Panthagani Anusha , Shum Kid Wan
Published: May 2024

A 101-year-old woman was referred via the urgent cancer referral pathway with a lesion on the right upper quadrant of her abdomen. She reported regular discharge of a green fluid from it but the lesion was otherwise painless. A computed tomography scan confirmed a cholecystocutaneous fistula connecting the gallbladder and the skin, which was probably a consequence of an episode of cholecystitis treated 6 months prior to our review. We all know that lesions referred as suspected skin cancers are usually benign, precancerous or cancerous, but as it turns out, some may be fistulous!
PMBC: a manually curated database for prognostic markers of breast cancer
Authors: Liu Jiabei , Yu Yiyi , Li Mingyue , Wu Yixuan , Chen Weijun , Liu Guanru , Liu Lingxian , Lin Jiechun , Peng Chujun , Sun Weijun , Wu Xiaoli , Chen Xin
Published: May 2024

Breast cancer is notorious for its high mortality and heterogeneity, resulting in different therapeutic responses. Classical biomarkers have been identified and successfully commercially applied to predict the outcome of breast cancer patients. Accumulating biomarkers, including non-coding RNAs, have been reported as prognostic markers for breast cancer with the development of sequencing techniques. However, there are currently no databases dedicated to the curation and characterization of prognostic markers for breast cancer. Therefore, we constructed a curated database for prognostic markers of breast cancer (PMBC). PMBC consists of 1070 markers covering mRNAs, lncRNAs, miRNAs and circRNAs. These markers are enriched in various cancer- and epithelial-related functions including mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling. We mapped the prognostic markers into the ceRNA network from starBase. The lncRNA NEAT1 competes with 11 RNAs, including lncRNAs and mRNAs. The majority of the ceRNAs in ABAT belong to pseudogenes. The topology analysis of the ceRNA network reveals that known prognostic RNAs have higher closeness than random. Among all the biomarkers, prognostic lncRNAs have a higher degree, while prognostic mRNAs have significantly higher closeness than random RNAs. These results indicate that the lncRNAs play important roles in maintaining the interactions between lncRNAs and their ceRNAs, which might be used as a characteristic to prioritize prognostic lncRNAs based on the ceRNA network. PMBC renders a user-friendly interface and provides detailed information about individual prognostic markers, which will facilitate the precision treatment of breast cancer. PMBC is available at the following URL: http://www.pmbreastcancer.com/.
Antegrade cerebral perfusion via the right subclavian artery during open distal arch or proximal descending aortic repair from left thoracotomy
Authors: Gelpi Guido , Trimarchi Santi , Mandigers Tim J , Grassi Viviana , De Vincentiis Carlo
Published: May 2024

In the current endovascular era, open surgery through left posterolateral thoracotomy with moderate to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest remains an alternative for treating chronic distal arch or proximal descending aortic diseases, allowing cardiovascular surgeons to definitively repair the aorta in a single stage. When utilizing this approach, this report illustrates an alternative surgical technique for antegrade body perfusion during cooling, antegrade selective cerebral perfusion and rewarming, through a prosthetic graft on the right subclavian artery. This report shows the safety and feasibility of this technique during open distal arch and/or proximal descending aortic surgery through left posterolateral thoracotomy, after shifting the patient from a supine to the right lateral decubitus position.
Leaflet modification before transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients at risk for coronary obstruction: the ShortCut study
Authors: Dvir Danny , Tchétché Didier , Leon Martin B , Généreux Philippe , Seguy Benjamin , Makkar Raj , Pibarot Philippe , Gada Hemal , Nazif Tamim , Hildick-Smith David , Kempfert Jörg , Dumonteil Nicolas , Unbehaun Axel , Modine Thomas , Whisenant Brian , Caussin Christophe , Conradi Lenard , Waggoner Thomas , Mishell Jacob M , Chetcuti Stanley J , Kar Saibal , Rinaldi Michael J , Szerlip Molly , Ramana Ravi K , Blackman Daniel J , Ben-Dor Itsik , Kornowski Ran , Waksman Ron , Gerckens Ulrich , Denti Paolo , Kukucka Marian , Ternacle Julien , Skaf Sabah , Kovac Jan , Jilaihawi Hasan , Patel Vivek , Jubeh Rami , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed , Kodali Susheel
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims

This trial sought to assess the safety and efficacy of ShortCut, the first dedicated leaflet modification device, prior to transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in patients at risk for coronary artery obstruction.

Methods

This pivotal prospective study enrolled patients with failed bioprosthetic aortic valves scheduled to undergo TAVI and were at risk for coronary artery obstruction. The primary safety endpoint was procedure-related mortality or stroke at discharge or 7 days, and the primary efficacy endpoint was per-patient leaflet splitting success. Independent angiographic, echocardiographic, and computed tomography core laboratories assessed all images. Safety events were adjudicated by a clinical events committee and data safety monitoring board.

Results

Sixty eligible patients were treated (77.0 ± 9.6 years, 70% female, 96.7% failed surgical bioprosthetic valves, 63.3% single splitting and 36.7% dual splitting) at 22 clinical sites. Successful leaflet splitting was achieved in all [100%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 94%–100.0%, P < .001] patients. Procedure time, including imaging confirmation of leaflet splitting, was 30.6 ± 17.9 min. Freedom from the primary safety endpoint was achieved in 59 [98.3%; 95% CI (91.1%–100%)] patients, with no mortality and one (1.7%) disabling stroke. At 30 days, freedom from coronary obstruction was 95% (95% CI 86.1%–99.0%). Within 90 days, freedom from mortality was 95% [95% CI (86.1%–99.0%)], without any cardiovascular deaths.

Conclusions

Modification of failed bioprosthetic aortic valve leaflets using ShortCut was safe, achieved successful leaflet splitting in all patients, and was associated with favourable clinical outcomes in patients at risk for coronary obstruction undergoing TAVI.
A Synergistic, Cultivator Model of De Novo Gene Origination
Authors: Lee UnJin , Mozeika Shawn M , Zhao Li
Published: May 2024

The origin and fixation of evolutionarily young genes is a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. However, understanding the origins of newly evolved genes arising de novo from noncoding genomic sequences is challenging. This is partly due to the low likelihood that several neutral or nearly neutral mutations fix prior to the appearance of an important novel molecular function. This issue is particularly exacerbated in large effective population sizes where the effect of drift is small. To address this problem, we propose a regulation-focused, cultivator model for de novo gene evolution. This cultivator-focused model posits that each step in a novel variant's evolutionary trajectory is driven by well-defined, selectively advantageous functions for the cultivator genes, rather than solely by the de novo genes, emphasizing the critical role of genome organization in the evolution of new genes.
Genome Assembly of the Dyeing Poison Frog Provides Insights into the Dynamics of Transposable Element and Genome-Size Evolution
Authors: Dittrich Carolin , Hoelzl Franz , Smith Steve , Fouilloux Chloe A , Parker Darren J , O’Connell Lauren A , Knowles Lucy S , Hughes Margaret , Fewings Ade , Morgan Rhys , Rojas Bibiana , Comeault Aaron A
Published: May 2024

Genome size varies greatly across the tree of life and transposable elements are an important contributor to this variation. Among vertebrates, amphibians display the greatest variation in genome size, making them ideal models to explore the causes and consequences of genome size variation. However, high-quality genome assemblies for amphibians have, until recently, been rare. Here, we generate a high-quality genome assembly for the dyeing poison frog, Dendrobates tinctorius. We compare this assembly to publicly available frog genomes and find evidence for both large-scale conserved synteny and widespread rearrangements between frog lineages. Comparing conserved orthologs annotated in these genomes revealed a strong correlation between genome size and gene size. To explore the cause of gene-size variation, we quantified the location of transposable elements relative to gene features and find that the accumulation of transposable elements in introns has played an important role in the evolution of gene size in D. tinctorius, while estimates of insertion times suggest that many insertion events are recent and species-specific. Finally, we carry out population-scale mobile-element sequencing and show that the diversity and abundance of transposable elements in poison frog genomes can complicate genotyping from repetitive element sequence anchors. Our results show that transposable elements have clearly played an important role in the evolution of large genome size in D. tinctorius. Future studies are needed to fully understand the dynamics of transposable element evolution and to optimize primer or bait design for cost-effective population-level genotyping in species with large, repetitive genomes.
Optimal convergence analysis of two RPC-SAV schemes for the unsteady incompressible magnetohydrodynamics equations
Authors: Dong Xiaojing , Huang Huayi , Huang Yunqing , Shen Xiaojuan , Tang Qili
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we present and analyze two linear and fully decoupled schemes for solving the unsteady incompressible magnetohydrodynamics equations. The rotational pressure-correction (RPC) approach is adopted to decouple the system, and the recently developed scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) method is used to treat the nonlinear terms explicitly and keep energy stability. One is the first-order RPC-SAV-Euler and the other one is generalized Crank–Nicolson-type scheme: GRPC-SAV-CN. For the RPC-SAV-Euler scheme, both unconditionally energy stability and optimal convergence are derived. The new GRPC-SAV-CN is constructed and can be regarded as a parameterized scheme, which includes PC-SAV-CN when the parameter $\beta =0$ and RPC-SAV-CN when $\beta \in (0,\frac {1}{2}]$; see Algorithm 3.2. However, Jiang and Yang (Jiang, N. & Yang, H. (2021) SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 43, A2869–A2896) point out that the SAV method has low accuracy by several commonly tested benchmark flow problem when solving Navier–Stokes equations. To improve the accuracy, we added two stabilization $-\alpha _{1}\varDelta t\nu \varDelta (\widetilde {\textbf {u}}^{n+1}-{\textbf {u}}^{n})$ and $\alpha _{2}\varDelta t\sigma ^{-1}\mbox {curl}\mbox {curl} (\textbf {H}^{n+1}-\textbf {H}^{n})$ in the GRPC-SAV-CN scheme, which play decisive roles in giving optimal error estimates. The unconditionally energy stability of the proposed scheme is given. We prove that the PC-SAV-CN scheme has second-order convergence speed, and the RPC-SAV-CN one has 1.5-order convergence rate. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to verify the validity and convergence of the numerical schemes.
N-spherical Functors and Tensor Categories
Authors: Coulembier Kevin , Etingof Pavel
Published: May 2024

We apply the recently introduced notion, due to Dyckerhoff, Kapranov, and Schechtman, of $N$-spherical functors of stable infinity categories, which generalise spherical functors, to the setting of monoidal categories. We call an object $N$-bounded if the corresponding regular endofunctor on the derived category is $N$-spherical. Besides giving new examples of $N$-spherical functors, the notion of $N$-bounded objects gives surprising connections with Jones-Wenzl idempotents, Frobenius-Perron dimensions, and central conjectures in the field of symmetric tensor categories in positive characteristic.
The Unitary Dual of U(n,2)
Authors: Daniel Wong Kayue , Zhang Hongfeng
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we give a full classification of the unitary dual of $G = U(n,2)$ for $n \geq 3$. As a consequence, we determine which of these representations are weakly fair $A_{\mathfrak{q}}(\lambda )$-modules or special unipotent representations, resulting in a verification of a conjecture of Trapa and Vogan for $G$.
Population Effectiveness of Dolutegravir Implementation in Uganda: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study (DISCO), 48-Week Results
Authors: McCluskey Suzanne M , Muyindike Winnie R , Nanfuka Victoria , Omoding Daniel , Komukama Nimusiima , Barigye Ian T , Kansiime Lydia , Tumusiime Justus , Aung Taing N , Stuckwisch Ashley , Hedt-Gauthier Bethany , Marconi Vincent C , Moosa Mahomed-Yunus S , Pillay Deenan , Giandhari Jennifer , Lessells Richard , Gupta Ravindra K , Siedner Mark J
Published: May 2024

Background

Tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD) is the preferred first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen for people with HIV (PWH), including those who were previously virologically suppressed on nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). We sought to estimate the real-world effectiveness of the TLD transition in Ugandan public-sector clinics.

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study of PWH aged ≥18 years who were transitioned from NNRTI-based ART to TLD. Study visits were conducted on the day of TLD transition and 24 and 48 weeks later. The primary end point was viral suppression (<200 copies/mL) at 48 weeks. We collected blood for retrospective viral load (VL) assessment and conducted genotypic resistance tests for specimens with VL >500 copies/mL.

Results

We enrolled 500 participants (median age 47 years; 41% women). At 48 weeks after TLD transition, 94% of participants were in care with a VL <200 copies/mL (n = 469/500); 2% (n = 11/500) were lost from care or died; and only 2% (n = 9/500) had a VL >500 copies/mL. No incident resistance to DTG was identified. Few participants (2%, n = 9/500) discontinued TLD due to adverse events.

Conclusions

High rates of viral suppression, high tolerability, and lack of emergent drug resistance support use of TLD as the preferred first-line regimen in the region.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT04066036.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TOM 22.8 (DSM 33500) is an effective strategy for managing vaginal dysbiosis, rising the lactobacilli population
Authors: Vaccalluzzo Amanda , Pino Alessandra , Grimaldi Raffaela Luisa , Caggia Cinzia , Cianci Stefano , Randazzo Cinzia Lucia
Published: May 2024

Aim

The present study is a single-centre, randomized, controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TOM 22.8 (DSM 33500) strain, orally administrated, to treat vaginal dysbiosis.

Methods and Results

Overall, 80 women, with signs and symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis, were enrolled and allocated to the treatment group (A, n=60), who took 1 capsule of the probiotic strain for 10 consecutive days, or the non-treatment group (B, n=20), who did not receive any treatment. Clinical (vaginal signs and symptoms; pH of the vaginal fluid; Amsel criteria; Nugent score; Lactobacillary grade) and microbiological examinations were performed at baseline (T0), 10 days (T1), and 30 (T2) days after the oral administration of the probiotic TOM 22.8 strain. The latter resulted in a restoration of the physiological pH, accompanied by remission or attenuation of clinical signs and symptoms as well as the improvement of the quality of life (QoL). Microbiological data revealed a significant reduction of potentially pathogenic bacteria.

Conclusion

The administration of the L. rhamnosus TOM 22.8 probiotic strain could be proposed as an effective strategy for the treatment of vaginal dysbiosis.
An infrastructure for secure data sharing: a clinical data implementation
Authors: DeFranco Joanna F , Roberts Joshua , Ferraiolo David , Compton D Chris
Published: May 2024

Objective

To address database interoperability challenges to improve collaboration among disparate organizations.

Materials and Methods

We developed a lightweight system to allow broad but well-controlled data sharing while preserving local data protection policies. We used 2 NIST-developed technologies—Next-generation Database Access Control (NDAC) and the Data Block Matrix (DBM)—to create a proof-of-concept system called the Secure Federated Data Sharing System (SFDS). NDAC controls access to database resources down to the field level based on attributes assigned to users. The DBM manages and shares authoritative user-attribute assignments across a federation of organizations, implemented using a modified open-source permissioned blockchain, to manage and share authoritative user-attribute assignments across a federation of organizations. We used synthetic data to demonstrate a clinical research data-sharing use case using the SFDS.

Results

We demonstrated, through consent, the onboarding of previously unknown users into NDAC via assignments to their DBM-validated attributes, allowing those users policy-preserving access to local database resources. The SFDS main system components—NDAC and DBM—also showed excellent performance metrics.

Discussion

The SFDS provides a generic data-sharing infrastructure that effectively and securely achieves data-sharing objectives. It is completely transparent to the otherwise normal business operations of participating organizations. It requires no changes to database management systems or existing methods of authenticating and authorizing local user access to local resources.

Conclusion

This efficiency, flexibility of deployment, and granularity of control make this new infrastructure solution practical for meeting the data-sharing and protection objectives of the clinical research community.
50 Years of Context Effects: Merging the Behavioral and Quantitative Perspectives
Authors: Evangelidis Ioannis , Bhatia Sudeep , Levav Jonathan , Simonson Itamar
Published: May 2024

Over the past 50 years, consumer researchers have presented extensive evidence that consumer preference can be swayed by the decision context, particularly the configuration of the choice set. Importantly, behavioral research on context effects has inspired prominent quantitative research on multialternative decision-making published in leading psychology, management, economics, and general interest journals. While both streams of research seem to agree that context effects are an important research area, there has been relatively limited interaction, communication, and collaboration between the two research camps. In this article, we seek to initiate an active dialogue between the two sides. We begin by providing a critical overview of the two literatures on context effects, discussing both their strengths and weaknesses, as well as disparities and complementarities. Here, we place particular emphasis on deepening consumer researchers’ understanding of context effects by drawing on prominent quantitative research published in non-marketing journals over the last decades. Importantly, we provide a roadmap for the future that can inspire further research and potential collaborations between the two camps, overcoming silos in knowledge creation.
Leveraging Digital Advertising Platforms for Consumer Research
Authors: Braun Michael , de Langhe Bart , Puntoni Stefano , Schwartz Eric M
Published: May 2024

Digital advertising platforms have emerged as a widely utilized data source in consumer research; yet, the interpretation of such data remains a source of confusion for many researchers. This article aims to address this issue by offering a comprehensive and accessible review of four prominent data collection methods proposed in the marketing literature: “informal studies,” “multiple-ad studies without holdout,” “single-ad studies with holdout,” and “multiple-ad studies with holdout.” By outlining the strengths and limitations of each method, we aim to enhance understanding regarding the inferences that can and cannot be drawn from the collected data. Furthermore, we present seven recommendations to effectively leverage these tools for programmatic consumer research. These recommendations provide guidance on how to use these tools to obtain causal and non-causal evidence for the effects of marketing interventions, and the associated psychological processes, in a digital environment regulated by targeting algorithms. We also give recommendations for how to describe the testing tools and the data they generate and urge platforms to be more transparent on how these tools work.
How Much Have We Learned about Consumer Research? A Meta-Meta-Analysis
Authors: Eisend Martin , Pol Gratiana , Niewiadomska Dominika , Riley Joseph , Wedgeworth Rick
Published: May 2024

This meta-meta-analysis study quantifies the development of scientific knowledge in consumer research by summarizing the findings of 222 meta-analyses that together include 2481 meta-analytic effect sizes. The results provide an overview of how much we know and how knowledge has developed in consumer research over time. By explaining 7.8% variance (r = 0.28) in consumer-relevant dependent variables, the findings show that consumer research, a comparatively young discipline, is relatively effective at knowledge development compared to other disciplines. Furthermore, the accumulation of knowledge is significantly increasing, suggesting that our discipline is still in the growing phase of its life cycle and generating continuously improving explanations of consumer-related phenomena. The development of knowledge varies across consumer-relevant dependent variables, with strong explanations for relationships but significantly weaker ones for memory, affect, and attitudes. Moreover, the knowledge synthesized in meta-analyses is fairly—though not fully—representative of the content of primary research on consumers overall. The findings convey a future research agenda by identifying under-researched areas, advising on the selection of dependent variables, providing indicators for the expected contributions of future studies, suggesting implications for career strategies of consumer researchers, and discussing explanations for the observed knowledge growth effects.
Consumer Trust: Meta-Analysis of 50 Years of Empirical Research
Authors: Khamitov Mansur , Rajavi Koushyar , Huang Der-Wei , Hong Yuly
Published: May 2024

Trust is one of the highly important concepts of consumer research; yet it is characterized by a striking lack of generalizations and consensus regarding the relative strength of its antecedents, consequences, and moderators. To close this important gap, the current research reports a comprehensive large-scale meta-analysis shedding light on a wide variety of the antecedents, consequences, and moderators of the individual consumer’s trust and their relative importance. Empirical generalizations are based on 2,147 effect sizes from 549 studies across 469 manuscripts in numerous disciplines, representing a total of 324,834 respondents in 71 countries over a five-decade span (1970–2020). The key findings are thus that (1) integrity-based (vs. reliability-based) antecedents are more effective in driving trust, and (2) trust is more effective in improving primarily attitudinal (vs. primarily behavioral) outcomes. Moderation analyses unpack further heterogeneity. Notably, both integrity-based and reliability-based antecedents have become stronger drivers of consumer trust in recent years. Theoretical and practical contributions are discussed in addition to advancing important future directions.
Unraveling Impact: Exploring Effects of Novelty in Top Consumer Research Journals
Authors: Wang Xin (Shane) , Ryoo Jun Hyun (Joseph) , Campbell Margaret C , Inman J Jeffrey
Published: May 2024

This research studies the impact of articles appearing in the top four journals for consumer research—JCR, JMR, JM, and JCP—by examining factors that influence scholarly, public, and practical impact. This conceptually distinguishes between “incongruent novelty” (novelty arising from incongruity between an article and other existing articles) and “recombinant novelty” (novelty based on drawing from more disparate references). Incongruent novelty is decomposed into two components: (1) topic incongruity—incongruity between an article's topic and other existing topics at the time and (2) article incongruity—incongruity between an article and other existing articles on the same primary topic. By integrating topic modeling and word embedding to measure these constructs, we demonstrate varying impacts of types of novelty on three types of impact. Overall, our findings illustrate that topic and article incongruity have effects above and beyond recombinant novelty. For both scholarly and public impact, our results suggest that moderately high topic incongruity has the largest influence, suggesting that researchers should address novel topics. Additionally, scholarly citations are positively affected by lower and higher (vs. moderate) levels of article incongruity, suggesting that researchers either engage in programmatic research or add a new approach to the existing research on a topic.
Taking the Full Measure: Integrating Replication into Research Practice to Assess Generalizability
Authors: Urminsky Oleg , Dietvorst Berkeley J
Published: May 2024

In this article, we review the ways in which replication has been and could be featured in consumer behavior, using Journal of Consumer Research as a specific setting. We present a framework for thinking about the generalizability of research findings and differentiate various potential benefits that replication can have for understanding variability in consumer research findings. We then define four different types of replications, describe how researchers can use these approaches to produce distinct benefits, and give guidance regarding conducting, interpreting, and the potential contributions of these different types of replications. We conclude with a discussion of various ways in which replication could be more fully integrated into different phases of the scientific research process, taking into account the contribution necessary for publication. In particular, we identify opportunities to incorporate independent replication into original papers, to increase the replication-based contribution in papers that build on prior work, and to use systematic replication in conjunction with meta-analysis to synthesize and confirm conclusions from a mature research literature. More fully integrating replication into scientific practice can yield a new equilibrium, in which replication is routine, typically consistent with previous results, and recognized as necessary for establishing an empirical generalization.
Conversations on Society and Culture
Authors: Cotte June
Published: May 2024

This article takes a “then and now” perspective on social and cultural issues in the Journal of Consumer Research. The author had conversations with preeminent scholars who reflected on theoretical developments over time, what we know, and what we should be most concerned with now and in the future. This article can be used as a call to action for future consumer research dealing with society and culture.
The Future of Consumer Research Methods: Lessons of a Prospective Retrospective
Authors: Wood Stacy
Published: May 2024

Looking back at 50 years of Journal of Consumer Research methods and interviewing some of the field’s most respected methodologists, this article seeks to craft a core set of best practices for scholars in consumer research. From perennial issues like conceptual validity to emerging issues like data integrity and replicability, the advice offered by our experts can help scholars improve the way they approach their research questions, provide empirical evidence that instills confidence, use new tools to make research more inclusive or descriptive of the “real world,” and seek to become thought leaders.
Novel adaptive approach for anomaly detection in nonlinear and time-varying industrial systems
Authors: Michelena Álvaro , Zayas-Gato Francisco , Jove Esteban , Casteleiro-Roca José-Luis , Quintián Héctor , Fontenla-Romero Óscar , Luis Calvo-Rolle José
Published: May 2024

The present research describes a novel adaptive anomaly detection method to optimize the performance of nonlinear and time-varying systems. The proposal integrates a centroid-based approach with the real-time identification technique Recursive Least Squares. In order to find anomalies, the approach compares the present system dynamics with the average (centroid) of the dynamics found in earlier states for a given setpoint. The system labels the dynamics difference as an anomaly if it rises over a determinate threshold. To validate the proposal, two different datasets obtained from a level control plant operation have been used, to which anomalies have been artificially added. The results shown have determined a satisfactory performance of the method, especially in those processes with low noise.