bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information Technology and Government Corruption in Developing Countries: Evidence from Ghana Customs
Authors:   University of Surrey, Addo Atta , Avgerou Chrisanthi ,   London School of Economics
Published: April 2022

The literature on information technology (IT) and government corruption in developing countries indicates contradictory evidence about the realization of anti-corruption effects. So far, there is no theoretical explanation of why the anti-corruption potential of IT demonstrated in some countries is not realized in many other countries. Drawing evidence from a case study of information systems interventions at Ghana customs over 35 years, we investigate how and why IT’s anti-corruption potential may be curtailed in the context of developing countries’ governments and societies. We focus on IT-mediated petty corruption practices of street-level officers, which we consider to be socially embedded and institutionally conditioned phenomena. We find that conditions of possibility for the IT-mediated petty corruption practices are created during the implementation of information systems. The configuration of IT and organizational processes of a government agency are constrained by the broader government administration system and influenced by the vested interests of government officers, politicians, and businesses. Subsequently, the co-optation of IT for petty corruption practices is enabled by networks of relationships and institutions of patronage that extend across government, business, and society. We thus explain the often limited effects of IT on petty corruption as the inability of localized information systems implementations to change modes of government administration that are embedded in the enduring neopatrimonial institutions and politics of many developing countries.
Cognitive Diagram Understanding and Task Performance in Systems Analysis and Design
Authors:   Vienna University of Economics and Business, Malinova Monika , Mendling Jan ,   Vienna University of Economics and Business,   University of Ljubljana
Published: April 2022

Models play an important role in systems analysis and design (SAD). A diagrammatic model is defined as a mapping from a domain to a visual representation in such a way that relevant information is preserved to meet a specific goal. So far, cognitive research on diagram criteria in relation to task performance has been fragmented. The aim of this paper is to (1) consolidate research on the cognitive processing steps involved during understanding and task performance with diagrams, (2) consolidate corresponding criteria for such diagrams to best support cognitive processing, and (3) demonstrate the support effective diagrams provide for performing SAD tasks. Addressing the first aim, we develop a theoretical cognitive framework of task performance with diagrams called CogniDia. It integrates different cognitive theories from research on diagrams in software engineering and information systems. Regarding the second aim, we review the literature to organize criteria for effective cognitive processing of diagrams. We identify research gaps on verbal and task processing. Regarding the third aim, we use the theoretical cognitive framework to investigate how diagrams support the SAD process effectively.
A Prescriptive Analytics Framework for Optimal Policy Deployment Using Heterogeneous Treatment Effects
Authors:   University of Minnesota, McFowland III Edward , Gangarapu Sandeep ,   University of Minnesota, Bapna Ravi ,   University of Minnesota, Sun Tianshu ,   University of Southern California
Published: April 2022

We define a prescriptive analytics framework that addresses the needs of a constrained decision-maker facing, ex ante, unknown costs and benefits of multiple policy levers. The framework is general in nature and can be deployed in any utility-maximizing context, public or private. It relies on randomized field experiments for causal inference, machine learning for estimating heterogeneous treatment effects, and on the optimization of an integer linear program for converting predictions into decisions. The net result is the discovery of individual-level targeting of policy interventions to maximize overall utility under a budget constraint. The framework is set in the context of the four pillars of analytics and is especially valuable for companies that already have an existing practice of running A/B tests. The key contribution of this work is to develop and operationalize a framework to exploit both within- and between-treatment arm heterogeneity in the utility response function in order to derive benefits from future (optimized) prescriptions. We demonstrate the value of this framework as compared to benchmark practices—i.e., the use of the average treatment effect, uplift modeling, as well as an extension to contextual bandits—in two different settings. Unlike these standard approaches, our framework is able to recognize, adapt to, and exploit the (potential) presence of different subpopulations that experience varying costs and benefits within a treatment arm while also exhibiting differential costs and benefits across treatment arms. As a result, we find a targeting strategy that produces an order of magnitude improvement in expected total utility for the case where significant within- and between-treatment arm heterogeneity exists.
Constructs and Indicators: An Ontological Analysis
Authors:   Monash University, Weber Ron
Published: April 2022

Constructs and indicators are central to the efforts of many researchers who seek to build and test theories and articulate rich narratives about real-world phenomena. For this reason, an extensive discourse exists about their nature. Increasingly, this discourse has become fraught with controversy. Using Bunge’s (1977, 1979) ontology, I examine the nature of constructs and indicators as they are discussed in the extant literature. I define these concepts precisely, disentangle conceptual from measurement issues, and point to ways that discourse about them could better proceed. I show that unidimensional constructs, multidimensional constructs, dimensions, and indicators are all properties in general of a class of things. I also show that only three types of indicators exist—synonyms of the focal construct and succeeding or preceding properties in a pre-order of properties that includes the focal construct. I examine ontologically the notions of content validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal-consistency reliability and show their problematic nature. I introduce two new concepts, scope validity and the level of concomitance of indicators, that have rigorous ontological foundations. Together, they provide an improved foundation for assessing the construct validity of a set of indicators.
Turnback Intention: An Analysis of the Drivers of IT Professionals’ Intentions to Return to a Former Employer
Authors:   University of Bamberg, Maier Christian , Laumer Sven ,   Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Joseph Damien ,   Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Mattke Jens ,   University of Bamberg, Weitzel Tim ,   University of Bamberg
Published: April 2022

Recent statistics indicate that most organizations prefer to fill IT vacancies by rehiring IT professionals who previously worked in the organization. Less is known about what drives IT professionals to “turnback,” a term we define as returning to employment with a former employer. To explain this important and rarely considered IT job mobility behavior, we build on job embeddedness theory and on the concepts of shocks and job dissatisfaction from, among others, the unfolding model of voluntary turnover to develop the theory of IT professional turnback. We perform fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of data collected from 248 IT professionals to draw conclusions about the intention among IT professionals to return to work for a former employer, and develop a midrange theory. Our results reveal two configurations contributing to high turnback intention and three configurations contributing to low turnback intention. Our model distinguishes between work shocks, personal shocks, and IT work shocks. IT shocks are a new category of shocks specific to the IT profession. We contribute theoretically by theorizing a behavior relevant to IT professionals and explaining attributes driving turnback intention.
ВОДОРАСТВОРИМЫЕ ИНГИБИТОРЫ КОРРОЗИИ СТАЛИ СТ. 3
Authors: Гасанова Г.М. , Исмайлова П.И. , Аскарова Г.М. , Агаева М.А. , Гасымова Ш.З. , Байрамов М.Р.
Published: April 2022

В статье приводятся результаты исследований по синтезу четвертичных солей пиридина и хинолина взаимодействием последних с различными бром- и дибромалканами и изучению их защитныхпротивокоррозионных свойств по отношению к стали Ст.3 в водно-солевых-углеводородных и сероводородсодержащих системах. Установлено, что наилучшими защитными свойствами обладает соединения симметричной структуры. Степень защиты от коррозии при их концентрации 100 мг/л в водно-солевой-углеводородной среде составляет соответственно 87 и 93%, а в присутствии Н2S-73 и 84%.
MICROSEISMICITY OF THE ARABIAN-SCYTHIAN-TURAN ZONE OF COLLISION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MIDDLE CASPIAN
Authors: Ковачев С.А.
Published: April 2022

Пересмотр данных о микросейсмичности Среднего Каспия, полученных ИО РАН в 2004 и 2006 гг. в результате донных сейсмологических наблюдений, позволил выделить сейсмофокальный слой, погружающийся под акваторию Каспийского моря. В сейсмофокальный слой попали также очаги землетрясений, происходящих в районе Грозного и к северу от Апшеронского порога. Сделан вывод о том, что обнаруженный сейсмофокальный слой трассирует субдукцию или псевдосубдукцию структур Восточного Кавказа и литосферы Южного Каспия под Скифсоко-Туранскую литосферную плиту.

Microearthquake data of the Middle Caspian region have been revised. These data were obtained as a result of OBS observations by P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology in 2004 and 2006 years. A layer of the earthquake foci descending under the area of the Caspian Sea was detected. Also in this layer there were found earthquake foci which occurred at the district of Grozny and to the north of the Apsheron Ridge. Probably the detected layer of earthquake foci is associated with a subduction of the Eastern Caucasus structures and the South Caspian lithosphere under the Scythian-Turan Plate.
A VA-ECMO használata, tapasztalatok a Városmajori Klinikán
Authors: Kulyassa Péter , Németh Balázs Tamás , Hartyánszky István , Szilveszter Bálint , Fazekas Levente , Pólos Miklós , Németh Endre , Becker Dávid , Merkely Béla , Édes István Ferenc
Published: April 2022

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) was introduced in the 1960s, of which there is short-, mid- and long-term forms. This brief review discusses our experiences with the primary modality used in Hungary, the veno-arterial extracorpo­real membrane oxygenator (VA-ECMO). We introduced the device with the most relevant information and summarized our clinic’s registry with patient characteristics and results in whom we applied this modality next to data of international studies. We collected data retro- and prospectively from 2012 to 2020 from patients treated with the VA-ECMO at our clinic. The primary endpoint we used was all cause mortality in this patient population of critical condition. Every indication, potential peripheral-central conversion and primary operation technique was involved in the analysis. We found that age above 65 and initial pH under 7.2 significantly affects mortality data. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as primary indication showed to be nearly significant, and acute rejection after hTX was a beneficial clinical scenario regarding survival. In international literature diabetes mellitus, elevated levels of lactate, kidney- and hepatic insufficiency were identified as contributing mortality predictors as well. Our results mostly coincide with the international mortality and risk factor data. Time is a very important factor for the survival of these patients. Therefore, it is very important to refer the patient’s refractory to non-MCS therapy to centers with VA-ECMO capability in time.
Thermodynamic modeling of adsorption at the liquid-solid interface
Authors: Shukre Rajasi , Bhaiya Shikha , Hamid Usman , Tun Hla , Chen Chau-Chyun
Published: April 2022

Adsorption-based separation techniques are significantly energy efficient in comparison to the conventional thermal separation techniques such as distillation. Despite the extensive research and development activities undertaken for mixed gas adsorption, the use of adsorption techniques for the separation of multicomponent liquid mixtures is still limited. This is due to the lack of accurate adsorption thermodynamic models, which form the scientific foundation of process simulation of such systems, making the translation to the industrial scale challenging. In this work, we have rigorously computed the surface excess of adsorption for six binary liquid mixtures on silica gel at 303 K using the frameworks of the adsorbed solution theory and the generalized Langmuir isotherm model. The six binary liquid mixtures studied in this work were formed by the pair-wise combinations of four components: benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, cyclohexane, and n-heptane. We have based our calculations by considering simultaneous equilibria of three phases: saturated binary vapor phase, binary liquid phase, and the adsorbed phase. The composition of the corresponding saturated vapor phase was determined by correlating the experimental vapor-liquid equilibria data using the Non-Random Two-Liquid activity coefficient model. The activity coefficients of the adsorbed phase were calculated using the adsorption Non-Random Two-Liquid activity coefficient model. Devoid of simplifying assumptions, our methodology for computing the surface excess of binary liquid adsorption should be applicable for the adsorption from a wide variety of liquid mixtures.
Structure of POPC lipid bilayers in OPLS3e force field
Authors: Lindström Milla , Poso Antti , Bartos Piia , Miettinen Markus S.
Published: April 2022

It is crucial for molecular dynamics simulations of biomembranes that the force field parameters give a realistic model of the membrane behavior. In this study, we examined the OPLS3e force field for the carbon–hydrogen order parameters SCH of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleylphosphatidylcholine) lipid bilayers at varying hydration conditions and ion concentrations. The results show that OPLS3e behaves similarly to the CHARMM36 force field and relatively accurately follows the experimentally measured SCH for the lipid headgroup, the glycerol backbone, and the acyl tails. Thus, OPLS3e is a good choice for simulations of most membrane systems. The exception are systems with an abundancy of ions, as similarly to most other force fields OPLS3e strongly overestimates the membrane-binding of cations, especially Ca2+. This leads to undesirable positive charge of the membrane surface and drastically lowers the concentration of Ca2+ in the surrounding solvent, which might cause issues in systems sensitive to correct charge distribution profiles across the membrane.
Suppressing H2O2 formation in oxygen reduction reaction using Co-Cu composite electrodes
Authors: Biswal Sekhar , Ranjan Chinmoy
Published: April 2022

Transition metal oxides form the basis of promising oxygen reduction electrocatalysts due to their low cost, high activity, and abundance on the planet. A new class of Cu[Co]Ox/Au catalyst was found to exhibit high activity and selectivity for the complete reduction of oxygen to water. The Cu-rich composite Cu0.8Co0.2Ox/Au electrodes exhibited nearly 97.5 % selectivity for water compared to either CuOx/Au (80 %) or CoOx/Au (70 %). Cu0.8Co0.2Ox/Au exhibited higher activity, stability, and better selectivity over a wide potential range when compared to well-known ORR catalysts such as Pt. In situ Raman spectroscopy revealed that the introduction of Co into CuOx resulted in the formation of under-coordinated Co centers within CuOx frameworks. These under-coordinated Co centers act as active sites for the scission of O-O bonds resulting in preferential formation of 4e reduction products. The composite electrode also demonstrated a superior hydrogen peroxide reduction ability.
Violencia obstétrica en Chile: percepción de las mujeres y diferencias entre centros de salud
Authors: Cárdenas Castro Manuel , Salinero Rates Stella
Published: April 2022

Objetivo.

El objetivo del presente artículo es reportar los resultados de la primera encuesta sobre violencia obstétrica en Chile, de modo de hacer visible una realidad más frecuente de lo que creemos y comparar su ocurrencia según tipo de servicio (público o privado) en que se ha atendido el parto.

Métodos.

Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y de tipo transversal conducido entre los meses de diciembre de 2019 y mayo de 2020. La muestra quedó compuesta por 2105 mujeres de todas las regiones de Chile.

Resultados.

Los análisis de los datos indican que un 79,3% de las mujeres cree haber experimentado alguna forma de violencia obstétrica. A pesar de la gran cantidad de informes de violencia en centros de salud públicos y privados, se detectan diferencias estadísticas significativas entre ambos, y son más frecuentes en los centros públicos. Del mismo modo, se detectan más informes de violencia obstétrica en mujeres jóvenes (18-29 años), en quienes se identifican con pueblos originarios y entre quienes tienen una orientación sexual no heterosexual.

Conclusiones.

La violencia obstétrica es parte del continuo de violencia hacia las mujeres e informada de modo sistemático por quienes atienden sus partos tanto en servicios públicos como privados de salud. Es una forma de violencia tiene graves consecuencias en las mujeres debido tanto a la posición del equipo médico y a la relevancia del evento de parto en la vida de cualquier mujer.
Scientific publication speed and retractions of COVID-19 pandemic original articles
Authors: Schonhaut Luisa , Costa-Roldan Italo , Oppenheimer Ilan , Pizarro Vicente , Han Dareen , Díaz Franco
Published: April 2022

Objective.

To describe the editorial processing time of published COVID-19 research articles and compare this with a similar topic, human influenza, and analyze the number of publications, withdrawals, and retractions.

Methods.

A descriptive-analytical study using PubMed on research articles with the MeSH terms human influenza and COVID-19. Time to acceptance (from submission to acceptance) and time to publication (from acceptance to publication) were compared. Retractions and withdrawals were reviewed both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results.

There were 31 319 research articles on COVID-19 and 4 287 on human influenza published during 2020. The median time to acceptance for COVID-19 was lower than that for human influenza (8 vs. 92 days). The median time to publication for COVID-19 articles was shorter than those on human influenza (12 vs. 16 days); 47.0% of COVID-19 research articles were accepted within the first week of submission, and 19.5% within one day. There were 82 retractions and withdrawals for COVID-19 articles, 1 for human influenza, and 5 for articles that contain both terms; these were mainly related to ethical misconduct, and 27 (31.0%) were published by the same group of authors in one highest-quartile journal.

Conclusions.

The conundrum between fast publishing and adequate standards is shown in this analysis of COVID-19 research articles. The speed of acceptance for COVID-19 manuscripts was 11.5 times faster than for human influenza. The high number of acceptances within a day or week of submission and the number of retractions and withdrawals of COVID-19 papers might be a warning sign about the possible lack of a quality control process in scientific publishing and the peer review process.
Modelos geoespaciales para control de brotes de SARS-CoV-2 en Cartagena y Barranquilla, Colombia, 2020
Authors: Zapata Bedoya Silvana , Walteros Acero Diana Marcela , Mercado Marcela
Published: April 2022

Objetivo.

Determinar la estructura temporal y espacial del virus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2, por su sigla en inglés), causante de la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19, por su sigla en inglés) en las ciudades de Cartagena y Barranquilla para tomar acciones necesarias que apoyen el rastreo de contactos.

Métodos.

Estudio ecológico transversal que incluye análisis espacial basado en densidades Kernel de variables como casos, alertas desde una aplicación móvil, vulnerabilidad poblacional, índice de pobreza multidimensional, aplicación de interpolación espacial (IDW, por su sigla en inglés) de los casos activos y, por último, la aplicación de la técnica de superposición espacial como resultado final. Se utilizó la base de datos del Instituto Nacional de Salud de las ciudades de Cartagena y Barranquilla y el Departamento de Estadística Nacional.

Resultados.

El análisis determinó el comportamiento epidemiológico ascendente de los casos en las dos ciudades e identificó la dirección espacial de propagación de la enfermedad en los barrios, a través de la interpolación espacial. Se detectaron las zonas en las cuales intervenir en 15 barrios de Cartagena y 13 de Barranquilla, en 50 metros alrededor de los casos activos con menos de 21 días de evolución y según las capas de riesgo geográfico, como mecanismo para frenar la propagación de la COVID-19.

Conclusiones.

El análisis espacial permitió determinar la estructura temporal y espacial como metodología complementaria útil para el rastreo de contactos, y aportó la evidencia científica necesaria para la aplicación de medidas de intervención directa donde fuera necesario, dirigidas a reducir el contagio del SARS-CoV-2.
Green Meets Machine - Robotic Fabrication of Carbon-Negative Hempcrete
Authors:   , Frost Ricky
Published: April 2022

Hempcrete is touted as a carbon-negative building material and can reduce the constructionindustry’s vast share of global carbon emissions. However, conventional hempcrete constructionis underutilised due to its laborious, time-consuming construction process. In response to theseissues, Green Meets Machine uses design science research to explore how robotic fabricationcan increase architectural expression in hempcrete construction while maintaining net negativeembodied carbon in order to accelerate carbon-negative construction.

Direct extrusion and the design of an internal timber structure with parametric formwork aimed toto increase geometric variation in hempcrete construction. Evaluation of the designed artefactsrevealed that, while direct extrusion requires further research before it is deemed a viablehempcrete construction method, the plywood structure and formwork module successfullyincreases architectural expression through its hybrid workflow. Combining the efficiency andmass-customisation ability of robots with the adaptability and problem-solving skills of humanworkers led to a streamlined construction workflow where robots and humans work togetherto realise a geometrically expressive, carbon-conscious architecture greater than what eithercould achieve alone.
The Therapeutic Efficacy of Psilocybin in a Preclinical Model of Depressive- and Anxiety-Like Symptomology
Authors:   , Chafee Henry
Published: April 2022

Depressive and anxiety disorders are debilitating psychiatric illnesses that affect a substantial portion of the world population. Current pharmaceutical interventions, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are generally regarded as front-line treatments but are not universally effective at reducing symptomology. Psilocybin, the active component in Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms, is a potent hallucinogenic substance that has shown promise as a pharmacological intervention for depression and anxiety in clinical trials. However, the mechanisms by which psilocybin exerts a therapeutic impact have not been thoroughly investigated. Preclinical (i.e., animal) research provides the opportunity to systematically assess the utility of drugs that may have medicinal applications under tightly controlled methodological conditions. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether a single administration of psilocybin reduces pathological behavioural tendencies in a preclinical model of depressive- and anxiety-like symptomology.

Shortly after birth, rats were exposed to early maternal separation, which is an established preclinical analogue for early chronic perinatal stress. Baseline behaviour was assessed with the Affective Disorders Test (ADT), which is a novel preclinical assay developed to test for depressive- and anxiety-like behaviour in animals over time. After 5 days of consecutive baseline testing, animals were administered one of two active doses of psilocybin (8 or 16mg/kg) or saline. Behaviour was then assessed again with the ADT for 3 consecutive days directly after administration (i.e., acute effects), and then again for 6 consecutive days 12 days post-treatment (i.e., chronic effects). Although the results obtained were mixed and largely inconclusive, this research constitutes an important contribution to the limited number of preclinical investigations of psilocybin in the context of depression and anxiety. This thesis also suggests numerous alternative directions and critical methodological factors for future researchers to consider.
An Observational Study on the Management of COVID-19 Patients in Limited-Resource Hospitals
Authors: Elgendy Marwa O , Khalaf Ahmed M , El-Gendy Ahmed O , Abdelrahman Mona A , El Gendy Sara O , Abdel Hamied Ahmed M , Essam Omar , Al Amir Karim , Yousry Esraa M , Abdelrahim Mohamed EA
Published: April 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of limited-resource hospitals in managing mild and moderate hospitalized cases of COVID-19 with comorbidities and in preventing their progression to severe illness. Methods: Data were obtained from 88 moderate COVID-19 patients with comorbidities who were admitted to limited-resource hospitals. The data were classified into several parts: comorbidities, chronic medication before hospital admission, symptoms of COVID-19 before and during hospitalization, clinical features, laboratory findings on hospital admission, complications during hospitalization, as well as worst laboratory values during hospitalization, hospital stay, and outcomes. The clinical features, laboratory results, type of oxygen therapy used, and the final treatment outcome were all evaluated to assess for any potential relationship. Results: All patients were alive upon discharge. Before admission, the majority of patients (60.2%) received COVID-19 treatment, and the average hospital stay was 12 days. The most common symptoms were fever (88.7%), cough (95.5%), shortness of breath (90.9%), myalgia (84.1%), confusion (63.6%), headache (62.5%), sore throat (88.7%), rhinorrhea (17%), chest pain (58%), diarrhea (19.3%), nausea and vomiting (38.6%), anosmia (62.5%), as well as dysgeusia (64.8%). Based on chest radiograph or computed tomography (CT) scan, 9.1% of the patients had unilateral pneumonia, 90.9% had bilateral pneumonia, and 96.6% had multiple mottling and ground-glass opacity. Age was found associated with a significant increase in headache (p = 0.005), rhinorrhea (p = 0.013), chest pain (p = 0.007), and the need for positive airway pressure (p = 0.008). Between pre- and post-hospital admissions, there was a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin but a decrease in platelet, D-dimer, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and total leucocyte count (p < 0.001). There was a significant association between hospital stay and D-dimer level (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Limited-resource hospitals in Egypt were efficient in managing mild and moderate hospitalized cases of COVID-19 with comorbidities. Many of these cases did not escalate to severe illness and were all alive upon discharge. Early management of COVID-19 tends to delay the disease progression to severe illness and improves patients’ chances of survival. Treating COVID-19 or using oxygen therapy at home can also delay the need for hospitalization in mild or moderate cases.
Corporate Social Responsibility Moderates the Relationship of Corporate Governance and Investment Decisions; New insight from Emerging Markets
Authors: Asmat Zahra Khatiba , Benish Quratulain , Umer Muhammad , Shahid Muhammad Sadiq
Published: April 2022

Purpose: This paper examines the relationship between Corporate Governance, Corporate Investment, and Financial Performance of firms with moderating relationship of Corporate Social Responsibility in emerging markets of Asia (Pakistan, China, Malaysia, and India).  

Design/Methodology/Approach: To examine the impact, the panel data of 214 non-financial listed firms from 2014–to 2019 was collected.

Findings: We documented a new insight that CSR and CG are significantly associated with CI and FP. Results also show that the quality of CG and CSR enriches the CI decisions that improved FP. Findings also show that CSR moderates the relationship between CG and CI decisions, and between CG and firms’ FP. The board directors and ownership concentration have a positive relationship with CI decisions and FP. Overall CSR moderates the relationship between CI and CP.  

Implications/Originality/Value: These findings are beneficial to the management of corporations working in emerging markets to improve CSR activities.  This research also contributes to existing literature, on how CSR moderates the relationship between CG and CI decisions in the given contexts.
Inequalities in the geographical distribution and workload of obstetrics and gynaecology specialists by gender in Turkey
Authors: Erus Burcay , Tuncay Berna
Published: April 2022

Background: Women often have a preference for female obstetrics and gynaecology specialists (ob/gyns). Following the policy allowing physician selection by patients in Turkey, distribution of ob/gyns by gender across provinces has been an important indicator of access to healthcare. Aims: To analyse ob/gyns distribution by gender across provinces in Turkey, with emphasis on the relationship with conservativeness of the province and resulting physician workload. Methods: We measured the number of male and female ob/gyns by province in 2016 and the number of outpatient visits and deliveries performed by male and female ob/gyns in 2015. Pearson and Spearman correlation of the female ratio with votes for conservative parties was used to assess the distribution of ob/gyns. We then analysed the correlation with resulting workload of female ob/gyns and ran linear regressions of these variables controlling the number of ob/gyns in a province. Results: More conservative provinces, measured by the vote share for conservative political parties, have a higher ratio of female ob/gyns. Linear regression showed that a 1 percentage point (pp) increase in the vote share corresponded to a 0.69 pp increase in female ratio. For workload, a 1 pp higher female ratio resulted in a decrease in workload, measured as outpatient visits per female ob/gyn divided by that per male ob/gyn, by 0.014. Conclusion: Conservative provinces have more female ob/gyns, but other provinces compensate for that with higher female ob/gyn workload. High workload may have adverse health effects and result in lower quality of care.
Строение и термические свойства летучих разнолигандных комплексов магния: эффект трет-бутильного и фенильного заместителя во фторированном β-дикетонате
Authors: Викулова Е.С. , Сухих А.С. , Михайлова М.А. , Назарова А.А. , Жерикова К.В. , Морозова Н.Б.
Published: April 2022

Методом РСА установлено строение летучих разнолигандных комплексов магния с N,N,N',N'-тетраметилэтилендиамином (tmeda) и фторированными β-дикетонатными лигандами: L = CF3C(O)CHC(O)R–, R = t-Bu (ptac) и Ph (btfac). Комплекс [Mg(tmeda)(btfac)2] получен впервые и охарактеризован с помощью элементного анализа и ИК спектрометрии. Оба соединения [Mg(tmeda)(L)2] являются молекулярными комплексами, причем присутствие ароматического заместителя увеличивает симметрию кристалла: пространственная группа Pccn (L = btfac) и P21/n (L = ptac). Атом магния находится в искаженно-октаэдрическом окружении трех хелатных лигандов. Длины связей и величины хелатных углов в обоих комплексах близки: d(Mg—N) = 2.226(2)—2.245(1) Å, d(Mg—O) = 2.030(2)—2.043(2) Å, θ(N—Mg—N) = 80.97(7)—81.68(10)°, θ(O—Mg—O) = 85.61(9)—85.75(7)°. Анализ поверхностей Хиршфельда (CrystalExplorer, Tonto) показал наличие слабых межмолекулярных контактов C—HPh…F в упаковке [Mg(tmeda)(btfac)2] (4 шт. на молекулу). Качественный порядок уменьшения летучести комплексов и их гексафторацетилацетонатного аналога [Mg(tmeda)(hfac)2] (данные ТГА и экспериментов по вакуумной сублимации) согласуется с возрастанием оцененной энергии кристаллических решеток [Mg(tmeda)(L)2] (CrystalExplorer, B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)): L = hfac ~ ptac >> btfac.
THE CONDUCT OF POLISH SERVANTS IN CONTACT WITH ALCOHOL ACROSS THE CENTURIES IN APPLIED LITERATURE
Authors: LASKOWSKİ Maciej
Published: April 2022

In modern times in Poland the issue of alcoholic indulgence in the context of cultural heritage seems to be shunned by most scholars dealing with culture in its broad sense. However, similarly to other nations, excessive consumption of alcohol constituted, and still does, a vital, perhaps inseparable, part of Polish society with its wide-ranging social repercussions. Whereas historical and literary records throw some light on the drinking behaviours of the Polish nobility, those of their servants, who were as if in the shadow of their masters, are tackled to a much lesser degree. The main interest of the ensuing article thereupon lies in examining the conduct and propensities of the household help in this respect in Poland across the centuries in applied literature. Due to the fact that the servant (particularly domestics) and the master were strictly bound together, a sketch of the alcoholic inclinations of the latter stratum of society, including a selection of monarchs, has found its place in the study as well.
THEORY OF EVOLUTION OF ALL LIFE ON EARTH
Authors: Rao Y. V. Subba , Rao Y. V. Ramana
Published: April 2022

‘Origin of Life’ is critical to Evolution of heritable change of organisms over multiple generations. The process of encoding information in DNA in the ‘Panspermia Origin of Life’ and decoding the same in ‘Evolution’ ought not to be different for the proposed process to be true. In the present study, it is observed that the process of decoding information in DNA in ‘Evolution’ is just the reverse process of encoding DNA in ‘Panspermia Origin of Life’ that works on the principle of electromagnetism with its usual frequencies, oscillations, energies and resonances. Incidentally, the present hypothesis provides a more viable and reasonable theory of evolution of heritable organisms over multiple generations, in contradistinction to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution and Natural Selection.
HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA THROUGH MOOCs AND ONLINE COURSES
Authors: Kaicker Anju , Mathur Pranav , Jawed Sumaiya
Published: April 2022

Online education has seen a rapid and significant growth in the 21st century. Online courses and MOOCs have had an extremely positive impact on higher education in India. Herein, is an attempt to study the growing sphere of online education in India, with special reference to developments in the past decade. In the study, the authors have examined the role of the public and private sector in the field of education. SWAYAM  is an indigenous platform of the Government of India which hosts numerous courses and has attracted learners from all age groups and across different streams.  Simultaneous growth of educational start-ups in the last decade has enhanced employment generation as well as opened up new avenues for professional growth. Growing collaborations between educational start-ups and foreign universities is helping in globalization of education. The paper compares private and public online courses and discusses how online education has positively impacted employability across various sectors. The various challenges posed in online education have also been elaborated.
Szakmai életutak az ifjúsági munkában – Varga János
Authors: Tóbiás László
Published: April 2022

Sorozatunk jelen darabja valójában három életútról szól. Varga János élete 10 éves kora óta kapcsolódik a kevéssel korábban alakult újpesti víziúttörő-közösséghez, melynek vezetését a 70-es évek közepétől kezdődő évtizedben – hangsúlyozott lépések nélkül – adta át neki az alapító, Szabó József. Tehát egy 1957 óta élő közösség és annak két vezetője életútját mutatja be Varga János. Szabó József megőrizte a csapat dokumentumait, Varga János ebben is követi elődjét, így a csapat teljes történetére vonatkozó hivatalos iratok, jegyzetek és gazdag fotóanyag is rendelkezésre áll, amihez kapcsolódnak az úttörő technikai állomáson 56 előtt készített MTI-fotók. A gyűjteménynek része az a levél is, amiben Szabó József pedagógiai munkássága legfontosabb eredményének nevezte a vízicsapatot, és azt, hogy az méltó vezető kezében fennmarad.
Espírito Santo e sinodalidade
Authors: Miranda Mário de França
Published: April 2022

O texto busca resgatar o papel do Espírito Santo numa configuração sinodal da Igreja para corrigir a ênfase unilateral da dimensão doutrinal e jurídica, própria da tradição eclesiológica ocidental. Numa primeira parte, se demonstra ser todo o Povo de Deus o destinatário primeiro da missão de proclamar e realizar o desígnio salvífico de Deus, conhecido como Reino de Deus. Sua fundamentação valoriza, sobretudo, os textos do Concílio Vaticano II. Segue-se uma segunda parte, que demonstra a ação do Espírito Santo em todos os membros da Igreja, iluminando sua fé e estimulando suas práticas e iniciativas. Deste modo, emergem realidades como o “sentido da fé”, a diversidade dos carismas, a configuração institucional da Igreja e a autoridade (exousia) de todos na missão comum. Na parte final, se aborda como poderia se configurar uma Igreja realmente sinodal: suas condições e suas possibilidades.
Exaustos, porém, realizados!
Authors: Pacciolla Aureliano , Sanagiotto Vagner
Published: April 2022

A presente pesquisa aborda de maneira descritiva a Síndrome de Burnout entre os padres e religiosos brasileiros. Em uma amostra de 400 padres e religiosos que atuam no território brasileiro, foram considerados três objetivos orientativos: o primeiro foi o de verificar as propriedades psicométricas do Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS)1 quando administrado entre os padres e religiosos; os dados analisados indicaram adaptação do modelo para estudar Síndrome de Burnout entre os religiosos e padres. O segundo objetivo foi o de analisar as principais características da Síndrome de Burnout apresentadas pelo MBI-HSS; o resultado indicou que os padres e religiosos brasileiros tem altos/médios níveis de exaurimento emotivo, altos índices de despersonalização e altos índices de realização pessoal. O terceiro objetivo foi o de compreender quais são os aspectos sociodemográficos que influenciam o burnout, por meio da Análise de Variância (ANOVA); o resultado da ANOVA indicou que idade, tempo de consagração religiosa ou ordenação presbiteral e quantidade de horas trabalhadas se diferenciam significativamente entre os grupos analisados quando o assunto é Síndrome de Burnout.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI KERJA, KEPEMIMPINAN DAN SIKAP KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM DAN PENATAAN RUANG KABUPATEN TAPANULI TENGAH
Authors: Manurung Binsar Joe Fanny , Ilham Ilham , Ramadhan Risky , Situmorang Chandra Tua , Akhriati Rina
Published: April 2022

Problem of this study how influence of job motivation on performance. How influence of leadership on performance. How influence ofwork attitude on performance. How influence job motivation, leadership and work attitude on performance. The purpose of this study to determine and analyze the effect of job motivation on performance. Determine and analyze the effect of leadership on performance. Determine and analyze the effect of work attitude on performance. Determine and analyze the effect of job motivation, leadership and work attitude on performance. Sample in the study is 48 employees. Data analysis techniques used in this study is descriptive analyze and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study indicate job motivation variable has a positive and significant effect on performance. Leadership variable has a positive and significant effect on performance. Work attitude variable has a positive and significant effect on performance. Job motivation, leadership and work attitude variable has a positive and significant effect on performance
Verstehendes Erklären
Authors: Straub Jürgen
Published: April 2022

Jürgen Straub stellt das Konzept einer relationalen Hermeneutik vor, mit dem Handlungen, Texte, Bilder aller Art mit außergewöhnlicher Genauigkeit analysiert werden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass es beim Interpretieren und verstehenden Erklären beliebiger Phänomene nicht einfach nur um sie selbst und ihre Bedeutungen in der Lebenspraxis geht. Forschende können sich selbst aus dem Geschehen wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisbildung niemals ganz heraushalten. Sie beobachten nicht nur, sie sind stets Bestandteil. So ist jede Einsicht Beziehungswissen und sagt auch etwas über das erkennende Subjekt selbst, über seine soziale, kulturelle Welt aus: Man sieht nur, was man zu sehen vermag.
Application the method of renormalization with limitation to acoustic images
Authors:   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, Fryazino Branch, 141190, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, Kokoshkin A.V.
Published: April 2022

The paper proposes the use of the method of renormalization with limitation (MRL) for suppressing the speckle noise in acoustic images. The method is tested on various types of acoustic images. The principal possibility of a significant reduction in the speckle noise level is found due to the fact that the MRL renormalizes the spectrum of the sonar image to the universal reference spectrum (URS) model, which is a model of the spectrum of a «good» quality optical image. To increase the overall sharpness, after applying MRL, it is recommended to use post-processing suitable for each specific type of image. It is proposed to estimate the degree of suppression of speckle noise using the standard deviation from the image averaged over the sprite. The study allows us to conclude that the application of MRL to various acoustic images can significantly reduce the speckle noise
Coordination of a small-sized planar loop antenna made using a new composite material for 5G technologies
Authors:   Military Academy of the Republic of Belarus, 220057, Belarus, Minsk, Independence Avenue, 220, Boikachev P.V. , Sutiko А.А. ,   Military Academy of the Republic of Belarus, 220057, Belarus, Minsk, Independence Avenue, 220, Yerzhan А.А. ,   Almaty University of Power Engineering & Telecommunications named after Gumarbek Daukeev, Kazakhstan, Almaty, st. Baitursynov, 126/1, Isaev V.О. ,   Military Academy of the Republic of Belarus, 220057, Belarus, Minsk, Independence Avenue, 220, Dubovik I.А. ,   Military Academy of the Republic of Belarus, 220057, Belarus, Minsk, Independence Avenue, 220
Published: April 2022

The possibility of using a mobile antenna based on a composite material based on fluorinated ethylene-propylene in combination with strontium hexaferite SrFe12O19 for modern fifth generation communication systems is shown, not excluding the possibility of its operation in second, third and fourth generation systems. The advantages of using composite materials in the implementation of antenna devices in 5G technologies are shown. Broadband matching of the proposed antenna with the transceiver module under the conditions of disturbing influences during its operation in a wide range of natural conditions of operation of the mobile device was carried out.
Lavandula. stoechas L. Subsp. Lavandula. stoechas Bitkisinde Doku Kültürü Çalışmalarının Optimizasyonu
Authors: MOKHTARZADEH Sam , KHAWAR Khalid Mahmood
Published: April 2022

Süs bitkisi olarak da yetişen lavanta bitkisinin farklı türleri uçucu yağ içerdiklerinden dolayı tıp ve kozmetik sanayisinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu bitkinin uçucu yağı dünyada en fazla üretilen 15 uçucu yağdan birisidir. Önemli bir tıbbi ve aromatik bitki olan lavanta generatif ve vejetatif yollar ile çoğaltılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada kotiledon boğum, meristematik uç, yukardan 1., 2. ve 3. koltuk altı meristem ve epikotil koltuk altı meristem eksplantları farklı dozlarda BAP ve NAA içeren MS besin ortamında sürgün rejenerasyonuna tabi tutulmuş. Denemede eksplant başına ortalama en fazla sürgün sayısı 5.60 adet olarak kotiledon boğum eksplantından ve 0.25 mg/l BAP içeren MS ortamında görülmüştür. Ayrıca elde edilen karabaş otu sürgünleri 1.00 mg/l IBA içeren MS ortamında köklendirilmiş olup, adaptasyonu torfta yapılmış ve tarlaya aktarılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Türkiye ve dünya için ekonomik önemi olan L. stoechas’in in vitro rejenerasyonu, kök oluşumu ve köklenen bitkilerin dış şartlara adaptasyonu açısından, önemli veriler elde edilmiş olup, çoğaltılmasına yönelik protokol geliştirilmiştir.
Kuru Şartlarda Yetiştirilen Selvi Sirken (Atriplex nitens)’in Ot Verimi ve Bazı verim Öğeleri Üzerine Farklı Ekim ve Hasat Dönemlerinin Etkileri
Authors: KESKİN Bilal , TEMEL Süleyman
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırma, Iğdır Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi deneme alanında kıraç şartlarda yetiştirilen Selvi sirken (Atriplex nitens)’in ot verimi ve bazı verim özelliklerine ekim zamanları (Mart ortası, Mart sonu, Nisan başı ve Nisan ortası) ve hasat dönemlerinin (vejetatif dönem sonu, çiçeklenme başlangıcı ve tam çiçeklenme dönemi) etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Deneme 2019 ve 2020 yıllarında tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme planına göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada Selvi sirken’nin bitki boyu, dal sayısı, ana sap kalınlığı, sap oranı, yaprak oranı, yaş ot verimi, kuru ot oranı ve kuru ot verimi belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada incelenen tüm özelliklere yıl, ekim zamanları ve hasat dönemlerinin etkileri önemli olmuştur. Araştırmanın birinci yılında ana sap kalınlığı, sap oranı ve kuru ot oranı, ikinci yılında ise bitki boyu, dal sayısı, yaprak oranı, yaş ot verimi ve kuru ot verimi daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Selvi sirkenin ilk ekim zamanı olan Mart ortasında ekilmesi bitki boyu, dal sayısı, ana sap kalınlığı, yaş ot verimi ve kuru ot veriminde artışlara neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Selvi sirkende hasat döneminin geciktirilmesiyle bitki boyu ve sap oranı artarken, yaprak oranında ise azalma olduğu belirlenmiştir. Selvi sirken çiçeklenme döneminde hasat edilmesi durumunda ana sap kalınlığı, yaş ot verimi, kuru ot oranı ve kuru ot verimi daha yüksek olmuştur. Yıl, ekim zamanı ve biçim dönemlerine göre yaş ot verimi 3146,3 ile 9989.3 kg /da, kuru ot verimi ise 920.4 ile 3602.4 kg/da arasında değişmiştir. Sonuç olarak bölge kuru şartlarında Selvi sirken’in Mart ortasında ekimlerinin yapılması ve çiçeklenme başlangıcı döneminde hasat edilmesi durumunda daha yüksek yaş ve kuru ot alınacağı belirlenmiştir.