bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinearity in the relationship between impression management tactics and interview performance
Authors: Robie Chet , Christiansen Neil D. , Bourdage Joshua S. , Powell Deborah M. , Roulin Nicolas
Published: September 2020

This study examined the linear and nonlinear relationships between applicant impression management (IM) behaviors during the interview and subsequent interview performance. We proposed that honest IM would have a nonlinear effect on interview performance, whereas deceptive IM would demonstrate a linear effect. Hypotheses were examined using a sample of 693 high‐fidelity interviews. Results indicated that honest IM has a nonlinear relationship with interview performance, such that honest IM appears to only be effective up to a particular point, after which it becomes detrimental. Conversely, the relationship between deceptive IM and interview performance was more linear and negative. This study contributes to our understanding of IM by demonstrating that the effects of IM on performance are more complex than previously identified.
Engagement with sustainability at the International Labour Organization and wider implications for collective worker voice
Authors: NOVITZ Tonia
Published: September 2020

Sustainability objectives have been recognized by the ILO primarily in terms of the impact of environmental protection in the form of “just transition” and “green job” initiatives. Arguably, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) now offer richer scope for ILO engagement with social sustainability. This can be attributed to the prominent recognition of “decent work” in SDG 8 and the need for “responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision‐making at all levels” in SDG target 16.7. This article examines how the ILO could further promote collective worker voice in the context of debates over a sustainable “future of work”, particularly considering to whom voice is given and how it is exercised.
Why do intestinal epithelial cells express MHC class II?
Authors: Heuberger Cornelia , Pott Johanna , Maloy Kevin Joseph
Published: September 2020

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) constitute the border between the vast antigen load present in the intestinal lumen and the mucosal immune compartment. Their ability to express antigen processing and presentation machinery evokes the question whether IECs function as non‐conventional antigen‐presenting cells. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression by non‐haematopoietic cells, such as IECs, is tightly regulated by the class II transactivator (CIITA) and is classically induced by IFN‐γ. As MHC class II expression by IECs is upregulated under inflammatory conditions, it has been proposed to activate effector CD4+ T (Teff) cells. However, other studies have reported contradictory results and instead suggested a suppressive role of antigen presentation by IECs, through regulatory T (Treg)‐cell activation. Recent studies investigating the role of MHC class II + exosomes released by IECs also reported conflicting findings of either immune enhancing or immunosuppressive activities. Moreover, in addition to modulating inflammatory responses, recent findings suggest that MHC class II expression by intestinal stem cells may elicit crosstalk that promotes epithelial renewal. A more complete understanding of the different consequences of IEC MHC class II antigen presentation will guide future efforts to modulate this pathway to selectively invoke protective immunity while maintaining tolerance to beneficial antigens.
The effects of an educational programme about preeclampsia on women's awareness: a randomised control trial
Authors: Alnuaimi K. , Abuidhail J. , Ismail H.
Published: September 2020

Aim

To examine the effects of an interventional programme about preeclampsia on high‐risk preeclampsia Jordanian women’s awareness and pregnancy outcomes.

Background

Preeclampsia is a leading cause of maternal death and illness globally, and has a high rate in Jordan compared to other countries. Increasing preeclampsia awareness is recommended to prevent its serious complications.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial was conducted at a public hospital in Jordan. A consecutive sample of 113 pregnant high‐risk preeclampsia women was recruited and divided randomly into interventional and control groups. A questionnaire comprising seven terms on demographics and 51 questions assessing women’s awareness on preeclampsia was used. The intervention group received a 2‐h educational programme about preeclampsia with self‐monitoring of blood pressure and urine protein and routine care, while the control group received a 2‐h educational programme relevant to urinary tract infection and received routine care. A pretest was carried out at baseline and 2 weeks after the intervention, a post‐test was performed for the two groups.

Results

The results revealed a significant difference in mean scores for awareness of preeclampsia in the interventional group compared to the control group after conducting the education programme. A significant difference was also found between both groups in terms of Apgar scores at 1st min and 5th min and mean diastolic BP.

Conclusion and implications for nursing, health and education policy

Preeclampsia educational programme is effective in improving preeclampsia awareness and some pregnancy outcomes. Midwifery and nursing educators are highly encouraged to train midwives and nurses to be effective health professionals. Health educational programmes need to be designed by professionals based on an updated evidence and women’s needs. It is of importance that these programmes focus on involving women in their health care by self‐monitoring and providing women with the necessary resources to improve pregnancy outcomes.
Modeling cross‐border supply chain collaboration: the case of the Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Cui Li , Gao Meihua , Sarkis Joseph , Lei Zhimei , Kusi‐Sarpong Simonov
Published: September 2020

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has resulted in international, cross‐border supply chains returning to a new prominence. The BRI presents opportunities for cross‐border supply chain collaboration (SCC) research. Assessing the influencing factors of cross‐border SCC is beneficial for understanding and improving this evolving, globally influential international trade policy. The BRI is quite complex so that subjective assessment methods are useful but need to be improved. To address this issue, this paper initially develops a cross‐border SCC factor framework based on synergetic theory. A vague set and DEMATEL methods are integrated to form a unified model to support the assessment. A combination weighting that uses analytic hierarchy process and an entropy weighting method, that is, a data crawler for BRI‐related documents, to ensure that objective importance weights of the factors in the Belt and Road context are achieved. The results show that information sharing, profit allotment, the degree of trust, and goal congruence as common drivers of SCC are not driving factors in the Belt and Road cross‐border context. They are core issues that do not affect cross‐border SCC directly. Senior manager support and customs regulation are two important drivers of cross‐border SCC. The practitioners of cross‐border SCC should not only focus on the support from senior managers and customs regulation but also attempt to improve performance, such as information sharing and trust, to obtain more support from senior managers and policy makers to promote cross‐border SCC indirectly.
Manipulation of upconversion property and enhancement of sensitivity by tailoring the local structure
Authors: Lai Fengqin , Cheng Hao , Jiang Zhong , Liu Chao , Liang Tongxiang , You Weixiong
Published: September 2020

Tailoring the local crystal environment around the activators is one of an important way to enhance the upconversion (UC) luminescence intensity. Herein, we substitute the Y3+ lattice with La3+ ion gradually in Y2Ti2O7:Yb3+, Er3+ phosphor and investigate the effect of La3+ concentration on the UC luminescent properties as well as the temperature sensing behaviors. During the phase transformation process from cubic Y2Ti2O7 to monoclinic La2Ti2O7, the La3+ ions also play an important role on the adjustment of size and morphology of particles. Furthermore, the cooperation of La3+ ion is in favor of the crystal growth toward the easy growth directions. The UC luminescence intensities can be enhanced efficiently with the increasing of La3+ concentration. The sensitivity for temperature sensing can be improved by the increasing of La3+ concentration in the Y2Ti2O7 and La2Ti2O7 two‐phase coexistence system and the maximum SA is 45.3 × 10−4 K−1 at 410K when the La3+ concentration is 80%. The maximum SA and corresponding temperature can be adjusted by controlling the La3+ concentration, which means that (Y0.94‐xLax)2Ti2O7: Er3+/Yb3+ phosphors may be applicable to different working environment.
Climate as a major driver of avian diversity in riparian Amazonian habitats along an environmental gradient
Authors: Naka Luciano Nicolas , Laranjeiras Thiago Orsi , Rodrigues Lima Gisiane , Plaskievicz Alice , Pinto Flavia , Gonçalves‐Souza Thiago
Published: September 2020

Aim

To investigate the influence of bioclimatic, productivity and topographic variables on avian diversity patterns in riparian habitats along a savanna/humid forest environmental gradient. We investigate how this gradient affects patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic alpha and beta diversities, and whether the changes observed along the river are the result of taxonomic (and phylogenetic) replacement or nestedness‐resultant dissimilarities. We also explore a potential ecological mechanism to account for differences in species richness along the gradient.

Location

Basin of the Rio Branco, northern Amazonia, Brazil.

Taxa

An avian community of 325 bird species.

Methods

We sampled avian communities using standardized avian point counts at 16 localities, systematically distributed along the Rio Branco and two of its major tributaries. We compared patterns of species richness using rarefied numbers of species detected, and patterns of phylogenetic diversity with a community‐wide consensus tree. In addition, we partitioned beta diversity in species replacement and nestedness‐resultant dissimilarities. We reduced predictor variables using a principal components analysis, correlating locality scores with changes in diversity. We tested the effect of climatic variables on beta diversity with a distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA).

Results

Patterns of avian composition and species richness were highly correlated with climatic and productivity variables. We found more bird species in less arid localities with higher annual precipitation, and in areas with lower annual temperatures, lower evapotranspiration and less temperature variation throughout the year. Despite differences in species richness, the number of individuals remained relatively similar along the gradient. However, species‐rich localities presented lower average species frequency and median avian biomass. Patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic beta diversity were correlated with the climatic gradient and were due to species replacements.

Main conclusions

Climate represents a major player in structuring avian communities along the Rio Branco, affecting distinct levels of avian diversity organization. We found evidence of species packing, a mechanism to fit more species in the communities. Patterns of species replacement highlight the importance of transitional zones along the gradient and stress their importance as future buffer zones, vital for the survival of bird species under future human‐induced climatic conditions.
Adoption of multiple electronic marketplaces: Antecedents from a grounded theory study
Authors: Collignon Stéphane E. , Sternberg Henrik S.
Published: September 2020

To achieve economies of scope, most motor carriers combine long‐term contracts with shippers and brokers with periodic spot assignments found on electronic marketplaces (EMs). While previous research has addressed how carriers adopt an EM, we know little about factors that influence carriers to adopt multiple EMs. Given the rise of the platform economy of the trucking industry, we chose to address this gap and generate mid‐range theory on adopting multiple EMs in a logistics context. To do this, we applied grounded theory and conducted 23 interviews with motor carriers and EM experts in North America and Europe until we reached theoretical saturation. Our findings reveal that many motor carriers adopt a portfolio of different EMs, and that their awareness of platforms, expected and realized benefits, attitude, and vigilance determine how they configure their EM portfolios. The implication for existing theory is that, while previous studies depicted EM adoption from a single‐system perspective, we found that it is actually a continuous selection process that follows a portfolio perspective. Our paper also has implications for practice in that it illuminates the rationales behind EM portfolio development and identifies actionable factors that can help managers configure stronger portfolios.
Evaluation of cerebral autoregulation performance in patients with arterial hypertension on drug treatment
Authors: Machado Michel Ferreira , Muela Henrique Cotchi Simbo , Costa‐Hong Valeria Aparecida , Yassuda Monica Sanches , Moraes Natalia Cristina , Memória Claudia Maia , Bor‐Seng‐Shu Edson , Massaro Ayrton Roberto , Nitrini Ricardo , Bortolotto Luiz Aparecido , Nogueira Ricardo de Carvalho
Published: September 2020

Cerebral autoregulation (AR) keeps cerebral blood flow constant despite fluctuations in systemic arterial pressure. The final common AR pathway is made up of vasomotor adjustments of cerebrovascular resistance mediated by arterioles. Structural and functional changes in the arteriolar wall arise with age and systemic arterial hypertension. This study evaluated whether AR is impaired in hypertensive patients and whether this impairment differs with disease control. Three groups of patients were prospectively compared: hypertensive patients under treatment with systolic blood pressure (SBP) <140 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <90 mm Hg (n = 54), hypertensive patients under treatment with SBP > 140 or DBP > 90 mm Hg (n = 31), and normotensive volunteers (n = 30). Simultaneous measurements of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) and BP were obtained by digital plethysmography and transcranial Doppler, and the AR index (ARI) was defined according to the step response to spontaneous fluctuations in BP. Compared to the uncontrolled hypertension, the normotensive individuals were younger (age 43.42 ± 11.14, P < .05) and had a lower resistance‐area product (1.17 ± 0.24, P < .05), although age and greater arteriolar stiffness did not affect the CBFV mean of hypertensive patients, whether controlled or uncontrolled (62.85 × 58.49 × 58.30 cm/s, P = .29), most likely because their ARIs were not compromised (5.54 × 5.91 × 5.88, P = .6). Hypertensive patients under treatment, regardless of their BP control, have intact AR capacity.
Characteristics, treatment, and outcome of patients with hypertensive crisis admitted to University of Gondar Specialized Hospital, northwest Ethiopia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Gebresillassie Begashaw Melaku , Debay Yabsira Belayneh
Published: September 2020

Despite major public health initiatives are working in the control of hypertension, hypertensive crisis remains an important clinical problem. This study aimed at examining the characteristics, treatment and outcome of patients with hypertensive crisis admitted to the University of Gondar Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on patient medical records (n = 304) between January 01, 2013 and December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version21. A total of 252 patient medical records were included in the analysis. The mean age of the entire patients was 54 ± 17 years. Two hundred and nineteen (86.9%) patients have a documented history of hypertension and on antihypertensive drugs (n = 166, 65.9%). The majority of cases (n = 166, 65.9%) were hypertensive urgencies. In more than one‐third of the patients (n = 98, 38.9%), the cause of the illness was attributed to non‐compliance to therapy. The most common presenting signs and symptoms at admission were headache (n = 170, 67.5%), dyspnea (n = 36, 14.3%), and vomiting (n = 33, 13.1%). Of 852 tests ordered, the results of one‐third (n = 298,34.9%) were abnormal. Nearly two‐thirds (n = 336, 59.2%) of prescriptions documented were for hypertensive urgency. Captopril (n = 136, 23.9%) and hydralazine (n = 43, 7.6%) were the most commonly prescribed oral and intravenous drugs respectively. Ten patients died during 55 hours of hospital stay. All hospital mortalities were documented for a hypertensive emergency. The median decrement of diastolic blood pressure among patients with no history of previous admission and hypertensive urgency was significantly higher than those patients with a previous history of admission (P = .005) and hypertensive emergency (P = .010). These findings justify better treatment and follow‐up for these patients. Most importantly, to improve compliance with treatment health professionals should provide education to the patients.
Activating Nrf2 signalling alleviates osteoarthritis development by inhibiting inflammasome activation
Authors: Yan Zijian , Qi Weihui , Zhan Jingdi , Lin Zeng , Lin Jian , Xue Xinghe , Pan Xiaoyun , Zhou Yulong
Published: September 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA), which is characterized by proliferation of subchondral bone and the degeneration of articular cartilage, is the most prevalent human arthritis. Nod‐like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a hot spot in recent year and has been reported to be associated with OA synovial inflammation. However, there are few studies on NLRP3 inflammasome in chondrocyte. Licochalcone A (Lico A), a compound extracted from Glycyrrhiza species, has various biological effects such as anti‐inflammation, anti‐apoptotic, anti‐cancer and anti‐oxidation. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of Lico A on chondrocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and surgically induced OA models. In vitro, Lico A could reduce the expression of NLRP3, apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein (ASC), Gasdermin D (GSDMD), caspase‐1, interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) and IL‐18, which indicated that Lico A attenuates LPS‐induced chondrocytes pyroptosis. In addition, Lico A ameliorates the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) by enhancing the expression of aggrecan and collagen‐II. Meanwhile, we found that Lico A inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome via nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)/haeme oxygenase‐1(HO‐1)/nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) axis. And the Nrf2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) could reverse the anti‐pyroptosis effects of Lico A in mouse OA chondrocytes. In vivo, Lico A mitigates progression OA in a mouse model and reduces OA Research Society International (OARSI) scores. Thus, Lico A may have therapeutic potential in OA.
Efficacy of a modified short fully covered self‐expandable metal stent for perihilar benign biliary strictures
Authors: Lee Tae Hoon , Moon Jong Ho , Lee Yun Nah , Jo Seok Jung , Park Jae Keun , Yang Jae Kook , Cha Sang‐Woo , Cho Young Deok , Park Sang‐Heum
Published: September 2020

Background and Aim

Endoscopic management of a benign biliary stricture (BBS) on the hilum is complicated and challenging. Although the placement of a fully covered self‐expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) is possible to increase effectiveness, stent migration and stent‐induced adverse events are problematic. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of a modified short FCSEMS with a long lasso in patients with a difficult perihilar BBS.

Methods

Patients with perihilar BBS within 2 cm from the hilar confluence that failed initially with plastic stents were enrolled. A modified short FCSEMS was deployed and then removed 5–6 months later. The primary outcome was clinical success. Other technical success, adverse events, endoscopic success of stent removal, and recurrence of stricture during the follow‐up period were measured.

Results

Endoscopic intraductal placement was technically successful in all patients (n = 19). Combined contralateral plastic stent placement was performed in 13 patients (68.4%). The median duration of stent placement was 163 days (range, 138–196 days). Endoscopic stent removal was successful in all patients except one spontaneous distal migration. Stricture resolution without de novo focal stricture occurrence was 100%. Endoscopic stone removal after stricture improvement was successful in all 13 patients with bile duct stones above the stricture. During a follow‐up period (median 635 days) after stent removal, only one recurrence developed.

Conclusions

Temporary placement of a modified intraductal short FCSEMS with or without a contralateral plastic stent improved perihilar BBS in patients that primarily failed by plastic stents. Combined biliary stones were also successfully removed after stricture resolution.
Assessing Older Patientsʼ Vulnerability in the Emergency Department: A Study of InterRAI ED Screener Accuracy
Authors: Michalski‐Monnerat Carole , Carron Pierre‐Nicolas , Nguyen Sylvain , Büla Christophe , Mabire Cédric
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Identifying vulnerable older patients admitted to an emergency department (ED) who are at increased risk for adverse events and require a comprehensive geriatric assessment remains a major challenge. The interRAI Emergency Department Screener (EDS) was developed for this specific purpose, but data regarding its validity are scarce.

OBJECTIVES

To determine (1) convergent validity of the EDS with results of a geriatricianʼs assessment in defining the need for prompt versus delayed/no further geriatric assessment and (2) predictive validity of the EDS for hospital admission, prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS), and 30‐day readmission.

DESIGN

Prospective observational study.

SETTING

ED of an academic hospital in Switzerland.

PARTICIPANTS

Older patients, aged 75 years or older (N = 202), who visited the ED over a 4‐month period. Patients with life‐threatening conditions were excluded.

MEASUREMENTS

Data for EDS were collected by two clinical nurses. A brief geriatric assessment was performed separately and interpreted by a geriatrician blinded to the EDS results. Orientation after ED discharge, hospital LOS, and 30‐day readmission were retrieved from the administrative database.

RESULTS

Participants were aged 83.2 ± 5.4 years, 56.9% were female, and 43.6% lived alone. Frequent findings at geriatric assessment were impairment in gait/balance (69.3%), polypharmacy (64.9%), cognitive impairment/delirium (48.2%), risk of malnutrition (46.0%), and mood impairment (38.1%). The proportions of participants who required prompt, delayed, and no further geriatric assessment, according to the EDS, were 27.2%, 29.2%, and 43.6%, respectively. The EDS had low sensitivity in predicting hospital admission (28.8%), prolonged LOS (26.3%), and 30‐day readmission (26.1%), with the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUROC) being 51.8%, 48.1%, and 49.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The EDS performed poorly in both convergent and predictive validity analyses, precluding its use as a screening tool in this ED environment. Further efforts should be undertaken to better target interventions to reduce adverse health trajectories in the older ED population.
Efficacy of 980 nm diode laser and 2940 nm Er: YAG laser in gingival depigmentation: A comparative study
Authors: Arif Ranj Hussien , Kareem Fadil Abdullah , Zardawi Faraedon M. , Al‐Karadaghi Tamara Sardar
Published: September 2020

Background

Gingival hyper‐pigmentation is an esthetics problem in patients with excessive gingival display. Laser ablation has been suggested recently as the most effective, pleasant, and reliable technique for gingival depigmentation compared to blade surgery.

Aim

The present study aimed to identify and compare the effectiveness of two types of lasers, Er:YAG laser‐2940 nm and Diode laser‐980 nm, in gingival depigmentation in the maxilla and mandible.

Patients/Methods

20 participants, 16 males, and 4 females, whose ages ranged between 18 and 35 years, were recruited using simplified random sampling. Oral pigmentation was measured at pre‐ and two postoperative follow‐ups, 1 month, and 6 months, according to the oral pigmentation index. Furthermore, the study assessed postoperative intensity of pain using the Visual Analogue Scale, bleeding and healing process in both groups.

Results

There was a significant decrease in the oral pigmentation index scores, 1 month (0.90 ± 0.64) and 6 months (1.55 ± 0.60) after the operation (P < .001). No significant differences were detected between the two study groups regarding the mean ranking on the oral pigmentation index pre‐operatively (P = .547), 1 month after the operation (P = .154), and 6 months after the operation (P = .831).

Conclusions

The Er:YAG laser and Diode laser both significantly reduced gingival pigmentation with no significant differences between the effectiveness of the two types of laser in treating gingival hyper‐pigmentation.
Evaluating aerosol and splatter following dental procedures: Addressing new challenges for oral health care and rehabilitation
Authors: Allison James R. , Currie Charlotte C. , Edwards David C. , Bowes Charlotte , Coulter Jamie , Pickering Kimberley , Kozhevnikova Ekaterina , Durham Justin , Nile Christopher J. , Jakubovics Nicholas , Rostami Nadia , Holliday Richard
Published: September 2020

Background

Dental procedures often produce aerosol and splatter which have the potential to transmit pathogens such as SARS‐CoV‐2. The existing literature is limited.

Objective(s)

To develop a robust, reliable and valid methodology to evaluate distribution and persistence of dental aerosol and splatter, including the evaluation of clinical procedures.

Methods

Fluorescein was introduced into the irrigation reservoirs of a high‐speed air‐turbine, ultrasonic scaler and 3‐in‐1 spray, and procedures were performed on a mannequin in triplicate. Filter papers were placed in the immediate environment. The impact of dental suction and assistant presence were also evaluated. Samples were analysed using photographic image analysis and spectrofluorometric analysis. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Pearson's correlation for comparison of analytic methods.

Results

All procedures were aerosol and splatter generating. Contamination was highest closest to the source, remaining high to 1‐1.5 m. Contamination was detectable at the maximum distance measured (4 m) for high‐speed air‐turbine with maximum relative fluorescence units (RFU) being: 46,091 at 0.5 m, 3,541 at 1.0 m and 1,695 at 4 m. There was uneven spatial distribution with highest levels of contamination opposite the operator. Very low levels of contamination (≤0.1% of original) were detected at 30 and 60 minutes post‐procedure. Suction reduced contamination by 67‐75% at 0.5‐1.5 m. Mannequin and operator were heavily contaminated. The two analytic methods showed good correlation (r = 0.930, n = 244, P < .001).

Conclusion

Dental procedures have potential to deposit aerosol and splatter at some distance from the source, being effectively cleared by 30 minutes in our setting.
Comparison of Intaglio Surface Adjustment in the Oral Cavity for Lithium Disilicate Crowns Fabricated Using Different Scanners
Authors: Son Keunbada , Yu Beom‐Young , Lee Jeong‐Hyeon , Son Young‐Tak , Lee Kyu‐Bok
Published: September 2020

Purpose

A clinical study to evaluate the intraoral adjustment of crowns fabricated using different scanners.

Materials and Methods

A total of 15 patients requiring single ceramic crowns were recruited. Impressions were made according to four protocols: a conventional approach and using three intraoral scanners (IOSs) (CS3600 (Carestream Dental, Atlanta, GA), i500 (Medit, Seoul, Republic of Korea), and EZIS PO (DDS, Seoul, Republic of Korea)). Four crowns per patient were fabricated using lithium disilicate ceramic. An experienced dentist performed the internal adjustment in the oral cavity. Three‐dimensional analysis was conducted using an inspection software program (Geomagic Control X; 3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC). Statistical analysis was conducted using one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significance difference tests (α = 0.05).

Results

A significant difference was observed in the intraoral adjustment among the conventional approach and the three IOSs (F = 213.7, p < 0.001). Crowns fabricated by conventional impressions (20.1 ± 1.4 µm) displayed better three‐dimensional conformity before and after intraoral adjustment than IOS groups (29.6 ± 4.3 µm) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Crowns fabricated using conventional impressions required fewer intraoral adjustments of the intaglio surface than those fabricated using IOSs.
Post‐traumatic growth as positive personality change: Challenges, opportunities, and recommendations
Authors: Jayawickreme Eranda , Infurna Frank J. , Alajak Kinan , Blackie Laura E. R. , Chopik William J. , Chung Joanne M. , Dorfman Anna , Fleeson William , Forgeard Marie J. C. , Frazier Patricia , Furr R. Michael , Grossmann Igor , Heller Aaron S. , Laceulle Odilia M. , Lucas Richard E. , Luhmann Maike , Luong Gloria , Meijer Laurien , McLean Kate C. , Park Crystal L. , Roepke Ann Marie , al Sawaf Zeina , Tennen Howard , White Rebecca M. B. , Zonneveld Renée
Published: September 2020

Objective

Post‐traumatic growth typically refers to enduring positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity, trauma, or highly challenging life circumstances. Critics have challenged insights from much of the prior research on this topic, pinpointing its significant methodological limitations. In response to these critiques, we propose that post‐traumatic growth can be more accurately captured in terms of personality change—an approach that affords a more rigorous examination of the phenomenon.

Method

We outline a set of conceptual and methodological questions and considerations for future work on the topic of post‐traumatic growth.

Results

We provide a series of recommendations for researchers from across the disciplines of clinical/counseling, developmental, health, personality, and social psychology and beyond, who are interested in improving the quality of research examining resilience and growth in the context of adversity.

Conclusion

We are hopeful that these recommendations will pave the way for a more accurate understanding of the ubiquity, durability, and causal processes underlying post‐traumatic growth.
Occasioned membership categorization in a transnational medical consultation: Interaction, marginalization, and health disparities
Authors: Vickers Caroline H.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this paper is the identification of linguistic features that work to co‐construct identities and meaning making processes in a transnational medical consultation. Health scholarship has demonstrated that the medical consultation is essentially an interview that tends to be controlled by the medical provider. However, this paper demonstrates that the epistemic status and stance attributed to the patient and the provider can affect the interaction as can the introduction of a third party and multiple languages. Data analyzed in this paper come from a consultation in a low‐income community clinic in Southern California that involves a monolingual Spanish‐speaking patient, her Spanish–English bilingual daughter, and a Spanish–English bilingual nurse practitioner. Data analysis methodology includes membership categorization analysis (MCA) and interactional sociolinguistics (IS). Findings reveal that occasioned membership categories develop micro‐interactionally, which affect how meaning is negotiated within the interaction and the quality of care that the patient receives. Language choice, prosody, phrase choice, paralinguistic signs, and participation framework contribute to the co‐construction of occasioned membership categories. Implications include the need to attend to how the participation framework and occasioned membership categories may contribute to health disparities for transnational populations.
Burden of infection in Australian infants
Authors: Rowland Rebecca , Sass Zia , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Pezic Angela , Tang Mimi LK , Vuillermin Peter , Gray Lawrence , Burgner David ,   Barwon Infant Study Investigator Group
Published: September 2020

Aim

To determine the incidence, risk factors and health service utilisation for infection in the first 12 months of life in a population‐derived Australian pre‐birth cohort.

Methods

The Barwon Infant Study is a population‐derived pre‐birth cohort with antenatal recruitment (n = 1074) based in Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Infection data were collected by parent report, and general practitioner and hospital records at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. We calculated the incidence of infection, attendance at a health service with infection and used multiple negative binomial regression to investigate the effects of a range of exposures on incidence of infection.

Results

In the first 12 months of life, infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract (henceforth ‘respiratory infections’), conjunctivitis and gastroenteritis occurred at a rate of 0.35, 0.04 and 0.04 episodes per child‐month, respectively. A total of 482 (72.4%) infants attended a general practitioner with an infection and 69 (10.4%) infants attended the emergency department. Maternal antibiotic exposure in pregnancy and having older siblings were associated with respiratory infection. Childcare attendance by 12 months of age was associated with respiratory infections and gastroenteritis. Breastfeeding, even if less than 4 weeks in total, was associated with reduced respiratory infection.

Conclusion

Infection, especially of the respiratory tract, is a common cause of morbidity in Australian infants. Several potentially modifiable risk factors were identified, particularly for respiratory infections. Most infections were managed by general practitioners and 1 in 10 infants attended an emergency department with infection in the first year of life.
FORECASTING ABILITIES OF INDIVIDUAL PETROLEUM EXPLORERS: PRELIMINARY FINDINGS FROM CROWDSOURCED PROSPECT ASSESSMENTS
Authors: Milkov A. V.
Published: September 2020

Petroleum explorers regularly make numerous forecasts for prospects and wells, but the quality of their predictions has inadequate documentation. Here I discuss the forecasting abilities of individual explorers inferred from a survey about future exploration wells, some of which were drilled in late 2018 and 2019. A total of 104 petroleum explorers provided 7,068 answers about eleven wells and about themselves, and subsets from this dataset were used to study their predictions. The survey participants were diverse, and most had M.Sc. or Ph.D. degrees with >16 years of industry experience working as individual contributors and/or middle managers for oil companies. Assessments of the geological probability of success (PoS) by different explorers for the same well were highly variable, and average assessments poorly discriminated between future discoveries and dry holes. Point (binary or multiple choice) forecasts by explorers participating in the survey were, on average, only slightly better than random guessing. The participants' highest academic degree had little apparent influence on the quality of the point forecasts. Years of experience resulted in only slightly better correlation with increasing quality of forecasts. Survey participants more familiar with the prospects (those who generated them or evaluated proprietary company data) made, on average, worse exploration forecasts than those who studied only the limited publicly available information provided with the survey. The duration of time spent on the survey did not affect the quality of forecasts. The aggregated opinion of all explorers (wisdom of the crowd) may be beneficial in assessments of the geological PoS, but perhaps not so when forecasted outcomes have binary or multiple possibilities. The generally poor forecasting abilities of individual petroleum explorers may surprise some decision‐makers and investors. However, many of the study results are based on relatively small datasets and should be treated as preliminary. Further research with larger datasets is necessary to replicate, validate and explain the findings of this study.
Periodontal disease and quality of life: Umbrella review of systematic reviews
Authors: Wong Li Beng , Yap Adrian Ujin , Allen Patrick Finbarr
Published: September 2020

This umbrella review appraised existing systematic reviews and meta‐analysis to establish the impact of periodontal disease and therapy on general and oral health‐related quality of life. A systematic electronic literature search was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA guideline up to January 2020 using PubMed, LIVIVO, EMBASE and OpenGrey (PROSPERO CRD 42020163831). Hand searching was performed through the reference lists of periodontal textbooks and related journals. All English language‐based systematic reviews and meta‐analysis that assessed the impact of periodontal disease and treatment interventions on general and oral health‐related quality of life were included. Overall, eight articles met the inclusion criteria and their methodological quality was assessed using the AMSTAR2 criteria. Two systematic reviews showed a significant impact of oral conditions on general health‐related quality of life, although the specific impact of periodontal disease remains inconclusive. Three systematic reviews established a negative impact of periodontal disease on oral health‐related quality of life. Another three systematic reviews concluded that periodontal treatment can improve oral health‐related quality of life. Oral conditions, like periodontal disease, can impact the general health‐related quality of life. Periodontal disease is negatively correlated with oral health‐related quality of life, although treatment interventions can improve self‐reported quality of life. In view of the heterogeneity of generic instruments currently utilized to assess the self‐reported quality of life of periodontal patients, the development of a general and oral health‐related quality of life instrument specific for periodontal disease is strongly recommended.
Effect of baseline resistance‐associated substitutions on the efficiency of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in chronic hepatitis C subjects: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Yonggui , Jiang Xuefeng , Zhao Yuyang , Xu Yan
Published: September 2020

The effect of baseline resistance‐associated substitutions on the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks in chronic hepatitis C subjects has drawn considerable attention. However, it has been reported that the relationship between such substitutions and sustained virologic response at 12 weeks in chronic hepatitis C subjects is variable in different treatments. This meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate this relationship in subjects treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. A systematic literature search up to May 2020 was done, and 17 studies were identified with 6501 chronic hepatitis C subjects. They were reporting relationships between baseline resistance‐associated substitutions and sustained virologic response at 12 weeks in chronic hepatitis C subjects treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated to evaluate the prognostic role of baseline resistance‐associated substitutions on the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks in chronic hepatitis C subjects treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir using the dichotomous method with a random or fixed‐effect model. Lower sustained virologic response at 12 weeks post‐treatment in chronic hepatitis C subjects was significantly related to baseline resistance‐associated substitutions in overall genotypes (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0.15‐0.61, P < .001), baseline NS5a resistance‐associated substitutions in genotype‐1 (OR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04‐0.57, P = .005), baseline resistance‐associated substitutions in genotype‐3 (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.05‐0.38, P < .001), and baseline NS5a resistance‐associated substitutions in genotype‐3 (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09‐0.49, P < .001). Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks in chronic hepatitis C subjects was not significantly related to the baseline NS5a resistance‐associated substitutions (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.17‐2.22, P = .45), and baseline resistance‐associated substitutions in genotype‐1 (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.12‐1.088, P = .07). In conclusion, the impact of baseline resistance‐associated substitutions on the sustained virologic response at 12 weeks in chronic hepatitis C subjects treated with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir may have a great prognostic effect, especially in genotype‐3 as a tool to improve treatment prediction. Chronic hepatitis C subjects with baseline resistance‐associated substitutions may have an independent risk relationship with poor treatment outcomes. This relationship forces us to recommend testing prior to treatment selection to avoid any possible treatment failure.
“I've got to do this in a Southern”: Stylized spoken literary quotation in the ELA classroom
Authors: LeBlanc Robert Jean
Published: September 2020

This article investigates whole‐class discussions of literature in the English classroom and the pragmatics of teacher interpretation in and through the voices of characters. In particular, it focuses on the whole‐class oral reading and discussion of the Tennessee Williams' playA Streetcar Named Desirein an ethnically and linguistically diverse rural Canadian classroom, and the teacher's stylized “Southern” oral performances of significant characters as part of her responses to student answers in whole‐class talk. Using extensive audio data from a 12th‐grade English class and drawing from the analytic tools of the linguistic anthropology of education, this article raises questions of the potential functions of stylized characters' voices in literary critical talk. This research contributes to ongoing conversations regarding the pragmatics of voicing, stylization, and the intersections of teacher talk and literacy learning in classroom discourse, with specific attention to the pedagogic work of enregistering bundles of linguistic features with particular teacher‐driven interpretive perspectives on literary characters.
The Use of Naturalistic Reading Corpora for the Study of Pronoun and Coreference Resolution
Authors: Seminck Olga
Published: September 2020

Naturalistic reading corpora are collections of texts that were not designed to be used in specific linguistic studies and that were read by participants whose eye‐movements or reading time was measured. These resources are used to study the cognitive processing of linguistic phenomena naturally present in texts, and they encourage the development of robust models of cognitive linguistic processing. These properties make the use of natural text corpora interesting for the study of pronoun and coreference resolution. In the psycholinguistic literature, many linguistic factors that have an influence on pronoun and coreference resolution have been identified but there is still a lot unknown about the interaction of these factors in naturalistic data. In addition, items used in psycholinguistic studies are short; therefore, naturalistic reading corpora are a resource to study pronoun and coreference resolution in realistic discourse. In this survey, we discuss the models for pronoun and coreference resolution that have been developed so far. We explain the methodological challenges related to the use of naturalistic data and speculate how such data can be used to evaluate theories of pronoun and coreference resolution and so lead to the development of broad coverage models in which various linguistic levels (syntax, semantics and discourse) are integrated.
Multispecies models reveal that eDNA metabarcoding is more sensitive than backpack electrofishing for conducting fish surveys in freshwater streams
Authors: McColl‐Gausden Emily F. , Weeks Andrew R. , Coleman Rhys A. , Robinson Katie L. , Song Sue , Raadik Tarmo A. , Tingley Reid
Published: September 2020

Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling can provide accurate, cost‐effective, landscape‐level data on species distributions. Previous studies have compared the sensitivity of eDNA sampling to traditional sampling methods for single species, but similar comparative studies on multispecies eDNA metabarcoding are rare. Using hierarchical site occupancy detection models, we examined whether key choices associated with eDNA metabarcoding (primer selection, low‐abundance read filtering and the number of positive water samples used to classify a species as present at a site) affect the sensitivity of metabarcoding, relative to backpack electrofishing for fish in freshwater streams. Under all scenarios (teleostei and vertebrate primers; 0%, 0.1% and 1% read filtering thresholds; one or two positive samples required to classify species as present), we found that eDNA metabarcoding is, on average, more sensitive than electrofishing. Combining vertebrate and teleostei markers resulted in higher detection probabilities relative to the use of either marker in isolation. Increasing the threshold used to filter low‐abundance reads decreased species detection probabilities but did not change our overall finding that eDNA metabarcoding was more sensitive than electrofishing. Using a threshold of two positive water samples (out of five) to classify a species as present typically had negligible effects on detection probabilities compared to using one positive water sample. Our findings demonstrate that eDNA metabarcoding is generally more sensitive than electrofishing for conducting fish surveys in freshwater streams, and that this outcome is not sensitive to methodological decisions associated with metabarcoding.
Epistemic Possibility and the Necessity of Origin
Authors: Maung Hane Htut
Published: September 2020

The necessity of origin suggests that a person’s identity is determined by the particular pair of gametes from which the person originated. An implication is that speculative scenarios concerning how we might otherwise have been had our gametic origins been different are dismissed as being metaphysically impossible. Given, however, that many of these speculations are intelligible and commonplace in the discourses of competent speakers, it is overhasty to dismiss them as mistakes. This paper offers a way of understanding these speculations that does not commit them to incoherence but aims to make the best sense of what they are expressing. Using the philosophical framework of two‐dimensional semantics, it proposes that the speculative scenarios are best analysed as epistemic possibilities, rather than as metaphysical possibilities. It then explores some implications of this analysis for the ethical challenges associated with the non‐identity problem.