bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greenland climate simulations show high Eemian surface melt which could explain reduced total air content in ice cores
Authors: Plach Andreas , Vinther Bo M. , Nisancioglu Kerim H. , Vudayagiri Sindhu , Blunier Thomas
Published: January 2021

Abstract. This study presents simulations of Greenland surface melt for the
Eemian interglacial period (∼130 000 to 115 000 years
ago) derived from regional climate simulations with a coupled surface
energy balance model. Surface melt is of high relevance due to its
potential effect on ice core observations, e.g., lowering the
preserved total air content (TAC) used to infer past surface
elevation. An investigation of surface melt is particularly
interesting for warm periods with high surface melt, such as the
Eemian interglacial period. Furthermore, Eemian ice is the deepest and
most compressed ice preserved on Greenland, resulting in our inability
to identify melt layers visually. Therefore, simulating Eemian melt
rates and associated melt layers is beneficial to improve the
reconstruction of past surface elevation. Estimated TAC, based on
simulated melt during the Eemian, could explain the lower TAC
observations. The simulations show Eemian surface melt at all deep
Greenland ice core locations and an average of up to
∼30 melt days per year at Dye-3, corresponding to
more than 600 mm water equivalent (w.e.) of annual melt. For higher
ice sheet locations, between 60 and 150 mmw.e.yr-1 on average
are simulated. At the summit of Greenland, this yields a refreezing
ratio of more than 25 % of the annual accumulation. As a
consequence, high melt rates during warm periods should be considered
when interpreting Greenland TAC fluctuations as surface elevation
changes. In addition to estimating the influence of melt on past TAC
in ice cores, the simulated surface melt could potentially be used to
identify coring locations where Greenland ice is best preserved.
Shipborne measurements of XCO2, XCH4, and XCO above the Pacific Ocean and comparison to CAMS atmospheric analyses and S5P/TROPOMI
Authors: Knapp Marvin , Kleinschek Ralph , Hase Frank , Agustí-Panareda Anna , Inness Antje , Barré Jérôme , Landgraf Jochen , Borsdorff Tobias , Kinne Stefan , Butz André
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Measurements of atmospheric column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide
(XCO2), methane (XCH4), and carbon monoxide (XCO) have been collected
across the Pacific Ocean during the Measuring Ocean REferences 2 (MORE-2) campaign in June
2019. We deployed a shipborne variant of the EM27/SUN Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) on
board the German R/V Sonne which, during MORE-2, crossed the Pacific Ocean
from Vancouver, Canada, to Singapore. Equipped with a specially manufactured fast solar tracker,
the FTS operated in direct-sun viewing geometry during the ship cruise reliably delivering solar
absorption spectra in the shortwave infrared spectral range (4000 to 11000 cm−1). After
filtering and bias correcting the dataset, we report on XCO2, XCH4, and
XCO measurements for 22 d along a trajectory that largely aligns with 30∘ N of
latitude between 140∘ W and 120∘ E of longitude. The dataset has been scaled to the
Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) station in Karlsruhe, Germany, before and after the
MORE-2 campaign through side-by-side measurements. The 1σ repeatability of hourly means of
XCO2, XCH4, and XCO is found to be 0.24 ppm, 1.1 ppb, and
0.75 ppb, respectively. The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) models
gridded concentration fields of the atmospheric composition using assimilated satellite
observations, which show excellent agreement of 0.52±0.31 ppm for XCO2,
0.9±4.1 ppb for XCH4, and 3.2±3.4 ppb for XCO (mean
difference ± SD, standard deviation, of differences for entire record) with our
observations. Likewise, we find excellent agreement to within 2.2±6.6 ppb with the
XCO observations of the TROPOspheric MOnitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5
Precursor satellite (S5P). The shipborne measurements are accessible at
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.917240 (Knapp et al., 2020).
Validation of SMAP L2 passive-only soil moisture products using upscaled in situ measurements collected in Twente, the Netherlands
Authors: van der Velde Rogier , Colliander Andreas , Pezij Michiel , Benninga Harm-Jan F. , Bindlish Rajat , Chan Steven K. , Jackson Thomas J. , Hendriks Dimmie M. D. , Augustijn Denie C. M. , Su Zhongbo
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The Twente region in the east of the Netherlands has a network with 20 soil monitoring stations that has been utilized for validation of the Soil
Moisture Active/Passive (SMAP) passive-only soil moisture products. Over the
period from April 2015 until December 2018, seven stations covered by the
SMAP reference pixels have fairly complete data records. Spatially
distributed soil moisture simulations with the Dutch National Hydrological Model have been utilized for the development of upscaling functions to
translate the spatial mean of point measurements to the domain of the SMAP
reference pixels. The native and upscaled spatial soil moisture means
computed using the in situ measurements have been adopted as references to assess the performance of the SMAP (i) Single Channel Algorithm at Horizontal
Polarization (SCA-H), (ii) Single Channel Algorithm at Vertical Polarization
(SCA-V), and (iii) Dual Channel Algorithm (DCA) soil moisture estimates. In
the case of the Twente network it was found that the SCA-V SMAP soil moisture observations collected in the afternoon had the best agreement with the native spatial mean, leading to an unbiased root mean squared error (uRMSE) of 0.059 m3 m−3, whereas for the upscaled
in situ references primarily larger biases were found. These error levels are larger than the mission's target accuracy of 0.04 m3 m−3,
which can be attributed to large over- and under-estimation errors (>0.08 m3 m−3), in particular at the end of dry spells and during freezing, respectively. The strong vertical dielectric gradients
associated with rapid soil freezing and wetting cause the disparity in soil depth characterized by SMAP and in situ that leads to the large mismatches. Once filtered for frozen conditions and antecedent rainfall, the uRMSE improves to
0.043 m3 m−3.
Regional tropical cyclone impact functions for globally consistent risk assessments
Authors: Eberenz Samuel , Lüthi Samuel , Bresch David N.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Assessing the adverse impacts caused by tropical cyclones has become
increasingly important as both climate change and human coastal development
increase the damage potential. In order to assess tropical cyclone risk,
direct economic damage is frequently modeled based on hazard intensity,
asset exposure, and vulnerability, the latter represented by impact
functions. In this study, we show that assessing tropical cyclone risk on a
global level with one single impact function calibrated for the USA – which
is a typical approach in many recent studies – is problematic, biasing the
simulated damage by as much as a factor of 36 in the north West Pacific.
Thus, tropical cyclone risk assessments should always consider regional
differences in vulnerability, too. This study proposes a calibrated model to
adequately assess tropical cyclone risk in different regions by fitting
regional impact functions based on reported damage data. Applying regional
calibrated impact functions within the risk modeling framework CLIMADA (CLIMate ADAptation) at a
resolution of 10 km worldwide, we find global annual average direct damage
caused by tropical cyclones to range from USD 51 up to USD 121 billion (value in 2014, 1980–2017) with the largest uncertainties in the West
Pacific basin where the calibration results are the least robust. To better
understand the challenges in the West Pacific and to complement the global
perspective of this study, we explore uncertainties and limitations entailed
in the modeling setup for the case of the Philippines. While using wind as
a proxy for tropical cyclone hazard proves to be a valid approach in
general, the case of the Philippines reveals limitations of the model and
calibration due to the lack of an explicit representation of sub-perils such
as storm surges, torrential rainfall, and landslides. The globally consistent
methodology and calibrated regional impact functions are available online as
a Python package ready for application in practical contexts like physical
risk disclosure and providing more credible information for climate
adaptation studies.
Assessing and zoning of typhoon storm surge risk with a geographic information system (GIS) technique: a case study of the coastal area of Huizhou
Authors: Wang Si , Mu Lin , Yao Zhenfeng , Gao Jia , Zhao Enjin , Wang Lizhe
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Storm surge is one of the most destructive marine disasters to life and property for Chinese coastal regions, especially for Guangdong Province. In Huizhou city, Guangdong Province, due to the high concentrations of chemical and petroleum industries and the high population density, the low-lying coastal area is susceptible to the storm surge. Therefore, a comprehensive risk assessment of storm surge over the coastal area of Huizhou can delimit zones that could be affected to reduce disaster losses. In this paper, typhoon intensity for the minimum central pressure of 880, 910, 920, 930, and 940 hPa (corresponding to a 1000-, 100-, 50-, 20-, and 10-year return period) scenarios was designed to cover possible situations. The Jelesnianski method and the Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model coupled with the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model were utilized to simulate inundation extents and depths of storm surge over the computational domain under these representative scenarios. Subsequently, the output data from the coupled simulation model (ADCIRC–SWAN) were imported to the geographic information system (GIS) software to conduct the hazard assessment for each of the designed scenarios. Then, the vulnerability assessment was made based on the dataset of land cover types in the coastal region. Consequently, the potential storm surge risk maps for the designed scenarios were produced by combining hazard assessment and vulnerability assessment with the risk matrix approach. The risk maps indicate that due to the protection given by storm surge barriers, only a small proportion of the petrochemical industrial zone and the densely populated communities in the coastal areas were at risk of storm surge for the scenarios of 10- and 20-year return period typhoon intensity. Moreover, some parts of the exposed zone and densely populated communities were subject to high and very high risk when typhoon intensities were set to a 50- or a 100-year return period. Besides, the scenario with the most intense typhoon (1000-year return period) induced a very high risk to the coastal area of Huizhou. Accordingly, the risk maps can help decision-makers to develop risk response plans and evacuation strategies in coastal communities with a high population density to minimize civilian casualties. The risk analysis can also be utilized to identify the risk zones with the high concentration of chemical and petroleum industries to reduce economic losses and prevent environmental damage caused by the chemical pollutants and oil spills from petroleum facilities and infrastructures that could be affected by storm surge.
The preserved plume of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau revealed by 3D data-integrative models
Authors: Gómez-García Ángela María , Le Breton Eline , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena , Monsalve Gaspar , Anikiev Denis
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Remnants of the Caribbean Large Igneous Plateau (C-LIP) are found as thicker
than normal oceanic crust in the Caribbean Sea that formed during rapid
pulses of magmatic activity at ∼91–88 and ∼76 Ma. Strong geochemical evidence supports the hypothesis that the C-LIP
formed due to melting of the plume head of the Galápagos hotspot, which
interacted with the Farallon (Proto-Caribbean) plate in the eastern
Pacific. Considering plate tectonics theory, it is expected that the
lithospheric portion of the plume-related material migrated within the
Proto-Caribbean plate in a north–north-eastward direction, developing the
present-day Caribbean plate. In this research, we used 3D lithospheric-scale,
data-integrative models of the current Caribbean plate setting to reveal, for
the first time, the presence of positive density anomalies in the uppermost
lithospheric mantle. These models are based on the integration of up-to-date
geophysical datasets from the Earth's surface down to 200 km depth,
which are validated using high-resolution free-air gravity measurements. Based
on the gravity residuals (modelled minus observed gravity), we derive density
heterogeneities both in the crystalline crust and the uppermost oceanic mantle
(<50 km). Our results reveal the presence of two positive mantle
density anomalies beneath the Colombian and the Venezuelan basins, interpreted
as the preserved fossil plume conduits associated with the C-LIP
formation. Such mantle bodies have never been identified before, but a
positive density trend is also indicated by S-wave tomography, at least down
to 75 km depth. The interpreted plume conduits spatially correlate
with the thinner crustal regions present in both basins; therefore, we
propose a modification to the commonly accepted tectonic model of the
Caribbean, suggesting that the thinner domains correspond to the centres of
uplift due to the inflow of the hot, buoyant plume head. Finally, using six
different kinematic models, we test the hypothesis that the C-LIP originated
above the Galápagos hotspot; however, misfits of up to ∼3000 km are found between the present-day hotspot location and the
mantle anomalies, reconstructed back to 90 Ma. Therefore, we shed
light on possible sources of error responsible for this offset and discuss two
possible interpretations: (1) the Galápagos hotspot migrated (∼1200–3000 km) westward while the Caribbean plate moved to the north,
or (2) the C-LIP was formed by a different plume, which – if considered fixed
– would be nowadays located below the South American continent.
Synoptic-scale drivers of the Mistral wind: link to Rossby wave life
cycles and seasonal variability
Authors: Givon Yonatan , Keller Jr. Douglas , Pennel Romain , Drobinski Philippe , Raveh-Rubin Shira
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The mistral is a northerly low level jet blowing through the Rhône valley in southern France, and down to the Gulf of Lions. It is co-located with the cold sector of a low level lee-cyclone in the Gulf of Genoa, behind an upper level trough north of the Alps. The mistral wind has long been associated with extreme weather events in the Mediterranean, and while extensive research focused on the low-tropospheric mistral and lee-cyclogenesis, the different upper-tropospheric large- and synoptic-scale settings involved in producing the mistral wind are not generally known. Here, the isentropic potential vorticity (PV) structures governing the occurrence of the mistral wind are classified using a self-organizing map (SOM) clustering algorithm. Based upon a 36-year (1981–2016) mistral database and daily ERA-Interim isentropic PV data, 16 distinct mistral-associated PV structures emerge. Each classified flow pattern corresponds to a different type or stage of the Rossby wave life-cycle, from broad troughs, thin PV streamers, to distinguished cut-offs. Each of these PV patterns exhibit a distinct surface impact in terms of the surface cyclone, surface turbulent heat fluxes, wind, temperature and precipitation. A clear seasonal separation between the clusters is evident and transitions between the clusters correspond to different Rossby wave-breaking processes. This analysis provides a new perspective on the variability of the mistral, and of the Genoa lee-cyclogenesis in general, linking the upper-level PV structures to their surface impact over Europe, the Mediterranean and north Africa.
O ingresso de crianças de 6 anos no Ensino Fundamental de 9 anos: o olhar de professores da rede municipal de São Carlos-SP. DOI: 10.5212/OlharProfr.v.16i1.0007
Authors: Moraes Alessandra Cardoso de , Oliveira Rosa Maria Moraes Anunciato de
Published: January 2021

Este artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado que buscou compreender de que maneiras os/as professores/as do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental em escolas da rede municipal de São Carlos, concebem, desenvolvem e implementam a política de ampliação do ensino obrigatório, tendo em vista suas demandas e sua influência direta sobre a escola e seus alunos. Para este trabalho, nosso foco é apresentar e analisar o que as coordenadoras e professores, participantes da pesquisa mais ampla, dizem, pensam e entendem sobre o ensino fundamental de nove anos, tendo em vista suas experiências junto aos alunos do primeiro ano deste nível de ensino. Participaram do estudo cinco coordenadoras e dezoito professores de cinco unidades escolares diferentes. Para a coleta de dados foram aplicados questionários contendo questões abertas com todos os participantes. Pode-se concluir, a partir dos depoimentos dos participantes, que a maioria concorda com a ampliação do ensino fundamental para nove anos evidenciando como aspectos positivos da política, a antecipação do ingresso das crianças ao referido nível de ensino e consequente antecipação do processo de alfabetização, pois a partir da ampliação as crianças terão mais tempo para se alfabetizar, maiores oportunidades de aprendizagem e terão o ensino voltado aos seus interesses e necessidades.
Pós-graduação lato-sensu: um espaço privilegiado para a formação docente no ensino superior
Authors: Gaeta Cecília , Prata-Linhares Martha
Published: January 2021

este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir com as reflexões acerca da necessidade de um espaço para a formação pedagógica do professor do ensino superior e indica a pós-graduação, especialização, também chamada de lato sensu, como um espaço privilegiado para esta formação. A discussão se desenvolve baseada em dois pilares: pesquisas bibliográficas sobre formação do professor do ensino superior e a analise de duas experiências diferenciadas e exitosas de cursos de lato sensu, descritas em duas teses de doutoramento.  Nas pesquisas realizadas observou-se que currículos inovadores, metodologias ativas, aproximação com a realidade da prática cotidiana,  possibilidade de expressão em diversas linguagens,  abertura para o diálogo, e integração entre a teoria e prática são elementos, dentre outros,  importantes nos cursos e  favorecem a transformação da prática docente. Considerou-se também ao final do texto que os cursos de lato sensu apresentam características que podem torna-los uma opção para o desenvolvimento de professores do ensino superior desde que fundamentados em uma proposta educacional consistente, em currículo desenhado criteriosamente e com corpo docente adequadamente preparado.
DIDÁTICA, PRÁTICAS DE ENSINO E SABERES DOCENTES EM CONSTRUÇÃO
Authors: Gomes Suzana dos Santos
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar o papel da Didática na formação do professor para o Ensino Superior, abordando especialmente a construção da identidade profissional, os saberes docentes e a prática pedagógica de profissionais iniciantes nesse nível de ensino. Os dados foram obtidos através da abordagem sócio-histórica, envolvendo estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa, observação participante, análise documental e entrevistas com alunos de mestrado e doutorado. O referencial teórico envolveu pesquisas sobre a formação de professores, sobretudo no campo da Didática do Ensino Superior, entre eles: Veiga & Castanho (2001), Tardif (2002), Cunha (2007), Enricone (2007), e Pimenta & Anastaciou (2010). Nesse estudo, a Didática é entendida como uma possibilidade mediadora entre os conhecimentos específicos e os conhecimentos pedagógicos; a atividade docente é vista como multifacetada e marcada pela complexidade, características essas que demandam compreensão sobre as origens do professor, sobre o que ele pensa, como interage no espaço profissional e as relações que estabelece com seus alunos no contexto da sala de aula. Considerou-se fundamental identificar a contribuição e o lugar do saber didático na formação e na atividade docente, apreender os processos de produção da identidade profissional e do saber ensinar em situações concretas. Os resultados destacam investimento na formação continuada de professores para o Ensino Superior como um dos fatores determinantes para a qualidade universitária e a emergência da inserção de novas metodologias nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem.
Estágio na formação inicial do Curso de Pedagogia: Escutas e leituras
Authors: Amorim REJANE MARIA DE ALMEIDA , Azevedo Leny Cirstina Soares Souza
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo propõe uma discussão sobre a formação inicial do professor, e tem por objetivo apresentar o relato de experiências com estágios indicando limites e potencialidades vivenciadas nesse período. Esse estudo é fruto de pesquisa - ação realizada com alunos do curso de Pedagogia da XXXXdurante o semestre em que cursaram as disciplinas de Prática de Ensino dos Anos Iniciais e Prática de Ensino em Política e Administração Educacional entre 2010 e 2012. A articulação das duas práticas é resultado de amplas discussões e trocas estabelecidas entre as professoras pesquisadoras, que percebem a fragilidade na formação do pedagogo, considerando que realizam seus estágios dentro de uma realidade contraditória, que por um lado pretende a imersão no campo para que seja possível aprender com ele, e por outro, formar para promover uma ruptura com práticas nem sempre alinhas a qualidade pretendida. Desse modo, os estágios estão direcionados para construção dos saberes docentes, na tentativa de aprofundamento do debate e conhecimento do campo para além de um semestre letivo, mas para justamente compor em conjunto com as disciplinas teóricas o início da profissionalização do pedagogo. As análises partem de documento escrito pelos próprios alunos, protagonistas de sua formação, em forma de relatório e portfólio de estágio que permitem refletir sobre estas experiências. Essas escutas e leituras contribuem sobremaneira para produção de um conhecimento potencialmente importante para todos aqueles que, conhecendo melhor a prática de formação inicial do pedagogo, compreendam e aprofundem estudos sobre sua profissionalização.
Translating Forensic Science in Detective Stories in Early Hong Kong Chinese Newspapers
Authors: Li Bo
Published: January 2021

The role played by translation during the late Qing period has been highlighted in much recent research, and the translation of detective stories is of course not a new area of academic inquiry. The difference between Chinese Gong'an (court case) and Western detective stories in particular has been acknowledged, and the Chinese translation of detective stories merits further research and inquiry. Actually, Western detective stories, especially English ones, are fraught with advanced science and technology and thus considered as miniature of modernity. In lieu of this, we can observe the interest in the relationship between detective stories and the rise of forensic science, Western medicine, and photographic technology in particular. Given the discrepancy between Western medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine, it is indispensable to answer the following questions: How was the Western medicine perceived and translated into the Hong Kong context? How was photographic technology in foreign detective stories understood and applied in local writing, pseudo translation to be specific? This article will focus on several aspects of Western medicine, medical terms, symptoms of disease, treatment, and forensic toxicology. The (mis)understanding/manipulation of photographic technology in pseudo translation will also be examined. Case studies will cover the translations in the early Chinese newspapers in Hong Kong in the beginning decade of the twentieth century.
The Dual Alienation in Waste Tide
Authors: Hua Yuanyuan
Published: January 2021

Environmental and sociological crisis is currently a global phenomenon. Addressing contemporary debates and urgent problems in environmentalism and sociology, the Frankfurt School's critical theorists criticize the capitalist domination of both human and nature. Their concept of domination describes the internalization of alienation. This article uses the Frankfurt School's critical theorists' domination thesis and alienation theory to examine the dual alienation—the interrelated processes of the alienation of human nature and the alienation of nature in Chen Qiufan's Waste Tide. Though the environment is currently a focus for young Chinese, ecological issues in Chinese science fiction writings still seem to be inadequately addressed. Thus, the author argues that the alienation of external, nonhuman nature is intimately and inevitably related to that of human beings and human beings' inner nature. It also points out that science fiction holds a similar potential as the critical theory in playing a significant role in sociology and environmentalism. Furthermore, Chinese science fiction's fictional explorations of ecological and sociological relationships, as represented by Waste Tide, engage with the more broadened area of the global environmental and social crisis.
Calculadoras de riesgo cardiovascular como estrategia preventiva de eventos isquémicos en la población de Latinoamérica
Authors: Portillo Iris Gabriela , Orellana Flores Reyna De la Paz , Villarroel Martínez Mónica Alejandra
Published: January 2021

A mitad del siglo XX surge un nuevo paradigma enfocado en la prevención y no únicamente en el manejo de pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares. Este enfoque busca identificar indicadores de riesgo involucrados en el desarrollo de dichas patologías para generar intervenciones preventivas. En la actualidad se cuenta con múltiples escalas de riesgo para calcular la posibilidad de eventos cardiovasculares mayores en un tiempo determinado. En esta revisión bibliográfica se presentará una serie de escalas y calculadoras de riesgo frecuentemente utilizadas, describiendo sus diferentes cualidades, beneficios, oportunidades, fortalezas y debilidades. Se revisará la evidencia de las siguientes herramientas: Framingham, QRISK3 (algoritmo QRESEARCH de riesgo cardiovascular), American Heart Association, Organización Mundial de la Salud, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation y Gaziano. Es fundamental aplicar estas calculadoras de forma rutinaria en la población de Latinoamérica y determinar cuál herramienta es la más adecuada.
Socio-Pedagogical Conditionsof Future Social SpecialiststTraining for Successful Professional Career
Authors: Spivak Yaroslav , Omelchenko Svitlana , Petrova Mariana Mateeva , Kurinna Svitlana , Kurinnyi Ian
Published: January 2021

Problems of social protection have become one of the most discussed in the world. Specialists of various specialties work in the social sphere: psychologists, lawyers, doctors, sociologists, etc. However, the leading role belongs to social specialists. There is a lack of social specialists, and if there are any, they do not understand exactly what they should do. The article deals with singling out the socio-pedagogical circumstances of the future social specialistseducation for an effective professional career. The focus is on analyzing of the modern directions of vocational education of future social workers. It is singled out and substantiate the socio-pedagogical circumstances for of future social professionalseducation for an effective professional career, such as: actualization and development of students' motivation to build a successful professional career; taking into account the peculiarities of the practical activities of social specialists and their transformational influences on various subjects of communication activities; gaining practical experience based on self-development. The socio-pedagogical circumstances of future social spesialists education is defined in the work as set of external and internal cconditions,  which implemant in the process of vocational education of future social workers will ensure effective formation of hard and soft skills,  fundamental qualities for an effective professional career. It is found out possible ways to implement the selected socio-pedagogical conditions in the vocationaleducation of the future social professionals for an effective professional career. The using of the different methods allowed to obtain objective information about the socio-pedagogical conditions of vocationaleducation of future social specialists to a successful professional career. The statistical data of the research are represented  using diagrams, tables and figures.
Demanding Relations: Sociological Imagination, Education, the Usefulness of Concepts and the World Around Us
Authors: Kos Živa , Tašner Veronika
Published: January 2021

The present paper draws on fostering sociological imagination (Wright Mills, 2000) and contemporary possibilities in teaching and learning sociological concepts in relation to education. The authors present a method of reading films as a didactic tool in connection to selected sociological texts in order to better understand theory and praxis in the educational field and beyond. The film Billy Elliot was chosen as a didactic tool for presenting how Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and forms of capital, as well as Bernstein’s conceptualisations of language codes, can be used in the pedagogical process. Emphasis is placed on education and the ways in which it contributes to shifting or reproducing social inequalities, class inequalities and gender.
Play as a stimulator for the development of children with West syndrome and other epileptic encephalopathies at early ages
Authors: Del Toro Alonso Víctor , Gútiez Cuevas Pilar , Torres González José Antonio
Published: January 2021

Games can be an ideal tool to stimulate the development of children aged 0 to 6 years with West syndrome (Del Toro, 2013). This study aims to provide an overview of intervention through play in children with epileptic encephalopathies, starting with knowledge of its development and ending with an intervention model for this population. Research is presented that was conducted with 53 children with epileptic encephalopathies and aimed at generating scientific knowledge about the features of play development among such children and basic aspects to present a suitable educational response in keeping with their needs. This descriptive approach follows a non-experimental expost- facto type methodology and data was captured using the poll technique. A playbased intervention is also presented in the form of a case study comparing the development of children who have worked with this play-based program and those who have not. The results show that pupils with epileptic encephalopathy that have followed a play-based program have better motor, linguistic and cognitive development.
La idealización de la profesión de maestro y los límites de la formación docente: análisis de un caso
Authors: Paredes-Labra Joaquín , Kachinovsky Melgar Alicia
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo aborda la presencia de idealización o de formas estereotipadas de imaginar el ejercicio de la profesión de educador en el marco de su formación inicial y las consecuencias que dicha consideración tiene para el desarrollo de la docencia en la formación de profesores y en el futuro de los actuales estudiantes de Maestro. Se desarrolla un estudio de caso. El contexto es un proceso de acompañamiento para la mejora de la propia docencia. Se utiliza una metodología mixta, cuantitativa y cualitativa. Se analizan las percepciones sobre la figura del docente de dos grupos de clase de Maestro de Educación Primaria con los que trabaja un profesor. Se realiza una encuesta a los estudiantes. Se dialoga sobre los resultados con el docente responsable y el grupo. La triangulación de la información mediante diferentes técnicas permite la génesis de un informe balanceado sobre la idealización. Los resultados denotan una adherencia de los futuros maestros a un deber ser profesional de elevados fines, una perspectiva muy centrada en la enseñanza para la transmisión, que ignora tanto las características del aprendizaje como cuestiones didácticas que podrían mejorarla y que dificultan la preparación como docente.
Presentación. Profesionalización y empleabilidad: una relación necesaria
Authors: Mercader Juan Cristina
Published: January 2021

Presentación del volumen 57/1.
Characterization of corrosion resistance of Zn-Ni-W and Zn-Ni-P-W heat-treated coatings
Authors: Popczyk Magdalena , Niedbała Jolanta
Published: January 2021

The paper presents results of research concerning the evaluation of corrosion resistance of heat-treated alloy coatings (Zn-Ni-W/320°C and Zn-Ni-P-W/320°C). The surface morphology and phase composition of the obtained coatings were determined. Electrochemical corrosion resistance was studied in 5% NaCl solution. On the basis of these studies it was found that the corrosion resistance of Zn-Ni-P-W/320°C coating is higher than Zn-Ni-W/320°C coating.
A Natural Person’s Capacity to Act in Law: An Overview of Polish Law
Authors: Sepełowski Marcin
Published: January 2021

The article presents the issue of capacity to act under Polish law and discusses the essence and definition of a natural person’s capacity to act in law. Whereas the article focuses on the different types of capacity to act (no capacity, limited and full capacity and the corresponding conditions, particular emphasis is placed on the legal situation of persons with limited capacity in order to evaluate the age limits of limited capacity in Polish law.
Seeking Accuracy in Forecasting Demand and Selling Prices: Comparison of Various Methods
Authors: Aman Zineb , Ezzine Latifa , Erraoui Yassine , Fakhradine El Bahi Younes , El Moussami Haj
Published: January 2021

The need for a good forecast estimate is imperative for managing flows in a supply chain. For this, it is necessary to make forecasts and integrate them into the flow control models, in particular in contexts where demand is very variable. However, forecasts are never reliable, hence the need to give a measure of the quality of these forecasts, by giving a measure of the forecast uncertainty linked to the estimate made. Different forecasting models have been developed in the past, particularly in the statistical area. Before going to our application on real industrial cases which highlights a prospective study of demand forecasting and a comparative study of sales price forecasts, we begin, in the first section of this chapter, by presenting the forecasting models, as well as their validation and monitoring.
UV-B absorbing and bioactive secondary compounds in lichens Xanthoria elegans and Xanthoria parietina: A review
Authors: Pedišius Vilmantas
Published: January 2021

Secondary metabolites are the bioactive compounds of plants which are synthesized during primary metabolism, have no role in the development process but are needed for defense and other special purposes. These secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, anthraquinones and carotenoids, are found in Xanthoria genus lichens. These lichens are known as lichenized fungi in the family Teloschistaceae, which grows on rock and produce bioactive compounds. A lot of secondary compounds in plants are induced by UV (100-400 nm) spectra. The present review showcases the present identified bioactive compounds in Xanthoria elegans and Xanthoria parietina lichens, which are stimulated by different amounts of UV-B light (280-320 nm), as well as the biochemistry of the UV-B absorbingcompounds.
Spectral properties of Antarctic and Alpine vegetation monitored by multispectral camera: Case studies from James Ross Island and Jeseníky Mts.
Authors: Váczi Peter , Barták Miloš , Bednaříková Michaela , Hrbáček Filip , Hájek Josef
Published: January 2021

In this study, we investigated the utility of spectral remote sensing data gathered by a multispectral camera for estimating of vegetation cover in Antarctic vegetation oasis and Arcto-Alpine tundra. The surveys exploiting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and multispectral camera were done in an Antarctic vegetation oasis located at the Northern shore of James Ross Island (Antarctica), and arcto-alpine tundra located in the Jeseníky Mts. (NE Czech Republic, 1 420 m a.s.l.). For the two locations, false colour images of spectral indices (VARI, NGRDI, GLI, RGVI, ExG, NDVI, PRI) were taken and analysis of vegetation types and components of vegetation cover done. Additionally, field research was performed by handheld instruments measuring NDVI, PRI and of selected vegetation components: Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Nostoc commune colonies (Antarctica), lichens grown on flat stones and boulders (the Jeseníky Mts.). The results show UAV photo surveys and imaging of spectral reflectance indices can be used to monitor vegetation types forming Antarctic vegetation oases and arcto-alpine tundra.
Understanding the Legitimacy of Movement
Authors: Montoya Tiffany E. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2021

While Spain was conquering new lands in the Americas, foreigners arrived into their own—the Gitanos. Spain imposed a double-standard whereby their crossing into new, occupied, territory was legitimate, but the entry of others into Spanish territory was not. I compare and contrast these historically parallel movements of people using Deleuze and Guattari’s taxonomy of movement (what they refer to as nomadology). I conclude that the double-standard of movement was due to differences of power between these two groups, understood in terms of material conditions, a prototypical “racial contract,” and differences in the relationship to land and space. This history and analysis of colonial Spain is a critical start for Latin American postcolonial theory; it gives us a framework to study philosophies of migration and nomadism; and finally, it introduces the Gitanos (and Roma in general) as an important population to complicate critical race theory or theories of ethnicity.
Guidelines for Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of Patients With Monoclonal Gammopathies
Authors: Keren David F. , Alexanian Raymond , Goeken James A. , Gorevic Peter D. , Kyle Robert A. , Tomar Russell H.
Published: January 2021

This guideline provides the recommendations of an expert panel for the clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients suspected of having a clinical condition that produces a monoclonal protein in serum or urine. The recommendations describe the clinical conditions in which a monoclonal protein should be sought, the optimal sequence of testing to diagnose and monitor these patients, and the most effective laboratory procedures.
Differential Diagnosis of Monoclonal Gammopathies
Authors: Alexanian Raymond , Weber Donna , Liu Frank
Published: January 2021

Several disorders are associated with a monoclonal immunoglobulin detected by serum or urine electrophoresis, the most common being a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, and amyloidosis. The clinical features of these conditions, as well as other similar entities, are described in this review. The objective is to demonstrate the importance of electrophoretic studies in the differential diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasias and in guiding the decision for rational therapies.
Procedures for the Evaluation of Monoclonal Immunoglobulins
Authors: Keren David F.
Published: January 2021

A wide variety of techniques are available for the screening, characterization, and quantification of monoclonal proteins. These techniques vary in regard to the expense, skill and intensity of labor involved, and sensitivity for detection of low levels of monoclonal proteins or of those with unusual migration. Detection of monoclonal proteins requires the use of high-resolution electrophoresis (either gel-based or capillary) and immunofixation (or immunosubtraction). Immunoelectrophoresis is not recommended. Urine for detection of monoclonal free light chains should be from 24-hour samples, and the aliquot should be concentrated at least 100-fold prior to electrophoresis and immunofixation. Dipstick and sulfosalicylic acid techniques are not sensitive enough to detect small quantities of monoclonal free light chains and should not be used as screening tests for this purpose.
Pulmonary Artery Fibrous Bands
Authors: Perez Maria T. , Alexis John B. , Ferreira Tanira , Garcia Hernando
Published: January 2021

A 46-year-old woman presented with shortness of breath and frequent lower respiratory tract infections. A ventilation-perfusion scan showed markedly reduced perfusion of the right lung, and pulmonary arteriogram showed stenosis of the right pulmonary artery. A right pneumonectomy revealed dense white fibrous bands partially occluding the pulmonary artery branches and two large abscess cavities filled with pus in the upper and lower lobes. Microscopic examination revealed extensive necrosis of lung parenchyma, suppurative granulomatous inflammation with Coccidioides immitis organisms and rare acid-fast bacilli. Pulmonary artery fibrous bands were originally believed to be congenital; however, they are now known to be sequelae of thromboembolic phenomena.
The Autopsy as a Performance Measurement Tool—Diagnostic Discrepancies and UnresolvedClinical Questions
Authors: Zarbo Richard J. , Baker Peter B. , Howanitz Peter J.
Published: January 2021

Objective.—To develop a multi-institutional reference database for quality improvement purposes using the autopsy to define clinical diagnostic discrepancies and resolve clinical questions.

Design.—Using the College of American Pathologists Q{-}Probes format, institutions prospectively assessed a maximum of 15 consecutive autopsies each, excluding forensic cases and stillborn infants, conducted over a 6-month period. They documented answers to clinical questions provided at autopsy and classified unexpected disease diagnoses according to a standardized system.

Setting and Participants.—Hospital-based autopsies performed at 248 institutions participating in the 1993 College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Quality Improvement Program.

Main Outcome Measures.—Percentages of clinical questions resolved by the autopsy and percentage of autopsies with unexpected findings of graded clinical impact.

Results.—In the aggregate database of 6427 questions from 2479 autopsies, overall 93.0% were answered by the autopsy. The 3 most common question categories were (1) identify pathology to account for clinical signs or symptoms (28.0%); (2) establish the cause of death (21.0%); and (3) confirm a clinical diagnosis (19.0%). At least one major unexpected disease finding that contributed to the patient’s death was discovered in 39.7% of the total number of autopsies. There were no differences in the percentages of autopsies with these major unexpected findings when the data were stratified by institutional demographics or decedent characteristics.

Conclusion.—This multi-institutional study underscores the clinical relevance of postmortem examination in current medical practice by consistently providing answers to unresolved clinical questions and frequently revealing major unexpected findings that contributed to the patient’s death. It is our strong belief that this postmortem-derived clinicopathologic information is a key indicator of effectiveness of care. Integration of this information into institutional quality improvement programs will improve system processes and clinician performance.
Protease Expression in Dedifferentiated Parosteal Osteosarcoma
Authors: Haeckel Carsten , Ayala Alberto G. , Radig Kathrin , Raymond A. Kevin , Roessner Albert , Czerniak Bogdan
Published: January 2021

Background.—Parosteal osteosarcoma with dedifferentiation provides a useful model to study tumor progression from an indolent locally aggressive neoplasm to highly lethal metastasizing malignancy. Up-regulation of the proteolytic enzymes participating in stromal degradation is known to promote invasive growth and metastasis of several human and experimental tumors.

Methods.—The expression patterns of urokinasase plasminogen activator (u-PA), its cell-surface receptor (u-PAR), and cathepsin B were analyzed by immunohistochemical techniques in 11 cases of parosteal osteosarcoma and in 4 cases of dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma.

Results.—Both enzymes and the receptor were coexpressed in most tumor cells of parosteal and dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma. Their expression was strikingly enhanced in the dedifferentiated high-grade component of the tumors. Tumor cells involved in bone production (ie, those adjacent to tumor produced bone trabeculae) exhibited equally strong expression of u-PA, u-PAR, and cathepsin B, regardless of their histologic grade. Expression of u{-}PA, u-PAR, and cathepsin B was undetectable in the “normalized” cells embedded in the well-developed tumor bone trabeculae.

Conclusion.—These data indicate that u-PA and its interacting molecules, such as u-PAR and cathepsin B, may have some contributory effects on the metastatic potential of tumor cells in dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma.
Sessile Polypoid Gastric Heterotopia of Rectum
Authors: Srinivasan Radhika , Loewenstine Harold , Mayle James E.
Published: January 2021

Objective.—The term heterotopia, a term derived from Greek, implies “other place.” It refers to the finding of normal tissues at foreign sites. Heterotopic gastric tissue rarely involves the large bowel. We report 2 cases of this rare entity.

Data Sources.—Case reports of 2 patients with sessile polypoid lesion in the rectum, with a review of the available literature, using both MEDLINE and relevant bibliographies of published articles.

Results.—Biopsies of the rectal lesions in our 2 cases reveled the presence of gastric tissue. Only 27 other such cases have been reported in the English literature.

Conclusions.—Patients with rectal gastric heterotopia usually present with bleeding, but other presentations and complications are possible. Endoscopic or surgical excision is the treatment of choice, although the lesions also respond to histamine 2 receptor blockers.
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
Authors: Regadera Javier , Martínez-García Francisco , Paniagua Ricardo , Nistal Manuel
Published: January 2021

Objective.—To evaluate the morphometric, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural lesions of the testes in prepubertal and adult patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome.

Methods.—We examined the testicular biopsy using immunohistochemistry for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and collagen IV antigens. Quantification of seminiferous tubules and testicular interstitium was performed in prepubertal and adult patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome and results were compared with normal testes from both infants and adults.

Results.—The adult testes presented nodular and diffuse lesions that consisted of Sertoli-cell-only seminiferous tubules. Two types of Sertoli cells could be distinguished, namely, immature vimentin-positive Sertoli cells and nearly mature Sertoli cells. In the nodules, the lamina propria was thin and contained a scant number of actin-positive peritubular cells. Leydig cells were hyperplastic. The prepubertal patients showed only diffuse lesions characterized by Sertoli cell hyperplasia, decreased germ cell numbers, and a discontinuous immunoreaction to collagen IV.

Conclusions.—The testicular lesions in androgen insensitivity syndrome are probably caused by primary alterations that begin during gestation. These lesions become progressively more pronounced at puberty, when the nodular lesion pattern (adenomas) is completely developed.