bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR LATERAL DAN POSITIF TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR EVALUASI PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Leonard Leonard
Published: February 2017

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran kemampuan berpikir terhadap prestasi belajar mata kuliah evaluasi pendidikan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian survei korelasional, dengan populasi mahasiswa pendidikan matematika UNINDRA. Sampel diambil dengan teknik multistage random sampling sejumlah 60 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket dan tes. Analisis data menggunakan regresi berganda. Dari pengolahan data diperoleh hasil: (1) terdapat pengaruh kemampuan berpikir lateral terhadap prestasi belajar evaluasi pendidikan; (2) terdapat pengaruh kemampuan berpikir positif terhadap prestasi belajar evaluasi pendidikan; dan (3) terdapat pengaruh kemampuan berpikir lateral dan kemampuan berpikir positif secara bersama-sama terhadap prestasi belajar evaluasi pendidikan.Kata Kunci: berpikir lateral, berpikir positif, prestasi belajar, evaluasi pendidikanTHE ROLE OF LATERAL AND POSITIVE THINKING ON LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF EDUCATIONAL COURSESAbstract: This research aimed at analyzing the role of the thinking ability on learning achievement. The study applied a correlational survey research design. The population was the UNINDRA Mathematics education students. The sample, taken by a multistage random sampling technique, involved 60 students. The instruments were in the forms of questionnaires and tests. The data were analyzed using multiple regression. The findings showed that (1) lateral thinking ability had a positive and significant impact on learning achievement; (2) positive thinking ability had a positive and significant impact on learning achievement; (3) lateral thinking and positive thinking abilities had positive and significant simultaneous impact on learning achievement.Keywords: lateral thinking, positive thinking, learning achievement
Индуцированная электрическим полем динамика структурного упорядочения в тройных системах PbIn-=SUB=-1/2-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-1/2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--PbMg-=SUB=-1/3-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-2/3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--xPbTiO-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Камзина Л.С. , Кулакова Л.А.
Published: February 2017

Исследована индуцированная электрическим полем динамика фазового перехода в сегнетоэлектрическую фазу в кристаллах PbIn1/2Nb1/2O3-PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-xPbTiO3 (x=25 и 32%) в различных геометриях приложения внешнего электрического поля E||[001], E||[011]. При комнатной температуре проведены одновременные измерения оптического пропускания, скорости и затухания звука. Обнаружено, что изменение упругих свойств наступает позже, чем изменение оптического пропускания, что связано с разными размерами полярных областей и времен релаксации, на которые реагируют свет и звук. Установлено, что в интервале полей 0-2 kV/cm при E||[001] в обоих кристаллах в результате фазового перехода происходит только частичная поляризация образца, в то время как в кристалле PT32 при E||[011] в том же интервале полей фазовый переход завершается практически полной поляризацией образца. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.02.44050.293
Высокотвердая керамика на основе карбида бора и производных фуллерита
Authors: Овсянников Д.А. , Попов М.Ю. , Перфилов С.А. , Прохоров В.М. , Кульницкий Б.А. , Пережогин И.А. , Бланк В.Д.
Published: February 2017

Получен новый тип керамики на основе производных фаз фуллерита и B4C. Материал синтезирован при температуре 1500 K и относительно низком давлении 4 GPa, обладает высокой твердостью 45 GPa и трещиностойкостью 15 MPa·m1/2. Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Министерства образования и науки Российской Федерации, по Соглашению N 14.577.21.0090 от 22.07.2014 г. (Проект ID RFMEFI57714X0090). DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.02.44055.302
Электронные и оптические свойства фуллерена С-=SUB=-70-=/SUB=- в рамках концепции сильно коррелированного состояния
Authors: Лобанов Б.В. , Мурзашев А.И.
Published: February 2017

В рамках модели Хаббарда в приближении статических флуктуаций вычислен энергетический спектр фуллерена C70 с учетом различия в длинах связей между неэквивалентными узлами. На основе полученного энергетического спектра смоделирован спектр оптического поглощения в ультрафиолетовом и видимом диапазоне. Обнаружено хорошее качественное согласие результата расчетов с экспериментально измеренным спектром поглощения, а также соответствие между экспериментальным и теоретическим значением щели между верхней заполненной и нижней свободной молекулярной орбиталью. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.02.44071.474
Колебания фронта кристаллизации, вызванные гармоническими осцилляциями скорости вытягивания, для цилиндрической фазы роста кристалла
Authors: Васильев М.Г.
Published: February 2017

Для низкоградиентного способа выращивания Чохральского предложен метод измерения площади поперечного сечения кристалла с помощью весового датчика по разнице его показаний в крайних положениях штока при ступенчатом и непрерывном режиме модуляции cкорости вытягивания. Произведена оценка изменения скорости кристаллизации при гармонических колебаниях скорости вытягивания с целью сохранения качества выращиваемого кристалла при этом методе измерения. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.03.44222.16427
Особенности накопления энергии в двойном слое на поверхности графенового материала
Authors: Компан М.Е. , Малышкин В.Г. , Кузнецов В.П. , Кривченко В.А.
Published: February 2017

Рассмотрено влияние особенностей зонной структуры графенов на накопление энергии в суперконденсаторах. Предсказан механизм увеличения плотности накапливаемой энергии на подобных материалах по сравнению с объемными материалами. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.03.44231.16433
Case-Based Reasoning untuk Diagnosis Penyakit Jantung
Authors: Wahyudi Eka , Hartati Sri
Published: February 2017

Case Based Reasoning (CBR) is a computer system that used for reasoning old knowledge to solve new problems. It works by looking at the closest old case to the new case. This research attempts to establish a system of CBR  for diagnosing heart disease. The diagnosis process  is done by inserting new cases containing symptoms into the system, then  the similarity value calculation between cases  uses the nearest neighbor method similarity, minkowski distance similarity and euclidean distance similarity.            Case taken is the case with the highest similarity value. If a case does not succeed in the diagnosis or threshold <0.80, the case will be revised by experts. Revised successful cases are stored to add the systemknowledge. Method with the best diagnostic result accuracy will be used in building the CBR system for heart disease diagnosis.            The test results using medical records data validated by expert indicate that the system is able to recognize diseases heart using nearest neighbor similarity method, minskowski distance similarity and euclidean distance similarity correctly respectively of 100%. Using nearest neighbor get accuracy of 86.21%, minkowski 100%, and euclidean 94.83%
Corporate South Africa and carbon disclosure: A differential analysis of 2011 and 2012 carbon disclosure performance
Authors: Ngwakwe Collins C.
Published: February 2017

This paper examined the performance of corporate South Africa in the 2012 Carbon Disclosure Project [CDP]. It is motivated by the growing shift to climate performance amongst the JSE listed companies in South Africa; hence the paper showcases the commitment of corporations in South Africa towards carbon disclosure. It thus shows exemplary commitment by corporations in an emerging economy to curb GHG emission through disclosure. The paper compared corporate South Africa carbon disclosure performance in 2012 with the 2011 disclosure performance. First, the performance of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) 100 carbon performance leaders were examined; and using a statistical t-test of difference in means, the paper finds that the 2012 carbon performance improved remarkably over the 2011 performance; hence the T-test indicates a significant difference in means between the 2012 and 2011 carbon performance. Secondly, the paper also examined the climate performance of the JSE 100 companies and also found a significant difference between the 2011 and 2012 performance which also depicts an improvement over the 2011 climate performance. It is perceptible that the 2011 UN Climate Conference in South Africa, coupled with the SA’s outstanding role in global climate change negotiations and the Carbon Disclosure Project is driving corporate SA to ‘walk the talk’ on climate change. In conclusion the paper highlights the need for further corporate climate initiatives, and calls on governments of developing countries to take a bold stance on climate negotiations as this is a key to encouraging the corporate toward climate friendly and carbon reduction initiatives
Estimation of banking system regulation efficiency
Authors: D’yakonova Iryna , Mordan Yevgeniya
Published: February 2017

There was discovered the essence of the banking system regulation efficiency, the quantitative and the qualitative criteria of its estimation by the systemic approach being formed due to integral, theoretical-essential, standard, target and stakeholder approaches concerning the interpretation of “the efficiency” category in this article. There was explained the necessity to distinguish full, partial, economic, social, external and internal estimation of the banking system regulation efficiency. The main factors influencing on the banking system regulation efficiency and their classification were also defined
Regional tax compliance and tax motivated earnings management: evidence from the 2008 Italian tax reform
Authors: Mattei Marco Maria
Published: February 2017

Using a large sample of public and private Italian companies, I investigate whether regional tax compliance affects earnings management activity in response to a decrease in the corporate tax rate. I find evidence that the higher the regional tax compliance where the company is based, the less managers engage in tax motivated earnings management. On the other hand, empirical results do not support the hypothesis that companies with an audit committee manage their earnings less in order to reduce their tax burden. Further analyses, however, show that the presence of an audit committee is relevant when interacted with the regional tax compliance. The impact of regional tax compliance on tax motivated earnings management declines when a company has an audit committee and this suggests a substitution effect between internal and external monitoring mechanisms. Finally, sensitivity tests show that both the intensity of earnings management for tax purposes and the effect of regional tax compliance are more material for small firms
Financial Analysis of Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Production in Dinajpur District of Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Rumana , Serajul Islam M , Rabbani Golam
Published: February 2017

The present study was conducted in 2015 to examine the profitability of litchi orchard production at Dinajpur sadar upzila in Dinajpur district where litchi orchards are generally leases out for 1 to 6 years by the owners known as Deed. In total 312 litchi orchard trees of which 254 were Bombai, 40 Madrazi, 20 China-3, 2 China-2 and 3 were Bedana, were selected to estimate the BCR, NVP and IRR of litchi production. The litchi trees were 18 to 22 years old. Project appraisal techniques and sensitivity analysis was done by using primary data to determine cost and benefits from litchi production. The study revealed that individuals investment on litchi production is profitable. The study also found that in producing litchi Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) were 1.93, Tk. 1643896 and Tk. 1230, respectively. Sensitivity analysis suggested that the investment in litchi production is profitable even for 10% increase in operating and maintenance cost or 10% decrease in gross benefit.The Agriculturists 2016; 14(2) 32-37
Z-Axis Micromachined Tuning Fork Gyroscope with Low Air Damping
Authors: Nguyen Minh , Ha Nhat , Nguyen Long , Chu Hoang , Vu Hung
Published: February 2017

This paper reports on the design and fabrication of a z-axis tuning fork gyroscope which has a freestanding architecture. In order to improve the performance of the tuning fork gyroscope by eliminating the influence of the squeeze-film air damping, the driving and sensing parts of the gyroscope were designed to oscillate in-plane. Furthermore, by removing the substrate underneath the device, the slide-ﬁlm air damping in the gap between the proof masses and the substrate was eliminated. The proposed architecture was analyzed by the finite element method using ANSYS software. The simulated frequencies of the driving and sensing modes were 9.788 and 9.761 kHz, respectively. The gyroscope was fabricated using bulk micromachining technology. The quality factor and sensitivity of the gyroscope operating in atmospheric conditions were measured to be 111.2 and 11.56 mV/°/s, respectively.
Suspended Graphene-Based Gas Sensor with 1-mW Energy Consumption
Authors: Kim Jong-Hyun , Zhou Qin , Chang Jiyoung
Published: February 2017

This paper presents NH3 sensing with ultra-low energy consumption for fast recovery and a graphene sheet based on a suspended microheater. Sensitivity and repeatability are important characteristics of functional gas sensors embedded in mobile devices. Moreover, low energy consumption is an essential requirement in flexible and stretchable mobile electronics due to their small dimension and fluctuating resistivity during mechanical behavior. In this paper, we introduce a graphene-based ultra-low power gas detection device with integration of a suspended silicon heater. Dramatic power reduction is enabled by a duty cycle while not sacrificing sensitivity. The new oscillation method of heating improves the sensitivity of 0.049 (ΔR/R0) measured at a flow rate of 18.8 sccm NH3(g) for 70 s. Our experimental tests show that a 60% duty cycle does not sacrifice sensitivity or recovery by dropping the total power consumption from 1.76 mW to 1.05 mW. The aforementioned low energy consuming gas sensor platform not only attracts environmentally-related industries, but also has the potential to be applied to flexible and stretchable mobile electronic devices.
Financial Inclusion, Entry Barriers, and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China
Authors: Fan Zhaobin , Zhang Ruohan
Published: February 2017

This paper aims at investigating the relationship between financial inclusion and the formation of entrepreneurs, both theoretically and empirically. We first construct a theoretical model to examine how the development of financial inclusion affects the formation of entrepreneurs. The model suggests that the development of financial inclusion can mitigate credit constraints on entrepreneurial activities by reducing information asymmetry in financial transactions, and in addition this effect is greater in industries with lower barriers to entry. Then, using data from 31 provinces and 19 industries in China during the period 2005–2014, we test the impact of financial inclusion on the formation of entrepreneurs. The estimation results confirm the positive effect of financial inclusion development on the formation of entrepreneurs, and indicate that this effect is heterogeneous across industries. Moreover, the development of financial inclusion is often beneficial to the formations of entrepreneurs in sectors with lower entry barriers.
“Bottom of the Pyramid” Community Outreach Programs
Authors: Hamid Ahmad Fauzi Abdul , Hilmi Mohd. Faiz
Published: February 2017

Public universities in Malaysia have recently established additional administrative divisions called the Industry and Community Network (ICN). In its various forms as manifested through different higher learning institutions, ICN seeks to engage with the industry and community towards achieving sustainable development and transformation of the economy, culture, education, health and environment of the society and nation. Diverse approaches are henceforth being promoted in developing communities surrounding the ivory towers. Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), as the second oldest university in Malaysia which was accorded the APEX (Accelerated Program of Excellence) status by the government in 2008, has launched Community Outreach Programs (COPs) towards realizing goals of its ICN. Employing primary data from in-house publications of the ICN Division of USM, this chapter seeks to shed some light on the role and impact of COPs conducted under the auspices of USM's ICN, covering the years 2008-2014.In line with its quest towards the accomplishing the ideal of a humanized university or ‘humaniversity' that not only focuses on academic excellence but also contributes to the development and well-being of its surrounding community, USM's ICN has embarked on a series of ambitious COP projects.
A Look into Students' Interpretation of Electric Field Lines
Authors: Campos Esmeralda , Zavala Genaro
Published: February 2017

On Electricity & Magnetism (EM) courses at undergraduate level, the concept of electric field poses one of the most relevant and basic topics, along with the concept of magnetic field. Professors and students may use different diagrams as a tool to visualize the electric field, such as vectors or electric field lines. The present study aims to identify how students interpret and use electric field lines as a tool or resource to describe the electric field. Two versions of a test with open-ended questions were administered in Spanish in a private Mexican university to a random sample of students taking the EM course, and were analyzed with a qualitative approach. It was found that students do not interpret electric field lines diagrams correctly, which may lead to misconceptions. Many students based their answers on the concepts of superposition, force and repulsion.
Homo-di-fict
Authors: Tuğran Filiz Erdoğan , Tuğran Aytaç Hakan
Published: February 2017

In digital age, with all the technological process narrative advertising is trying extraordinary new methods especially in animation movies and series. In this study a new word is going to be used to define fictional animation characters with the term of “homo-di-fict”. In the case of 19th Season of South Park Series, the producers build a “homo-di-fict” which is entirely made from advertising and put her in a plot like a real animation character. So this plot placement causes some important developments in the mail topic of the South Park series. This study aims to examine the correlation between animation and narrative advertising and wants to find how animation “ad” character change animation series plot in the case of South Park.
Macrodystrophia lipomatosa
Authors: Van den Heever Andrew J.
Published: February 2017

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL) is a rare congenital, but non-hereditary, form of localised gigantism of the fingers or toes. The hallmark of the condition is hypertrophy of all mesenchymal elements in the involved region, with a predominance of fibro-adipose tissue. A clinically subtle case of MDL is presented.
Paediatric radiology from a psychosocial lens
Authors: Sharbaugh Tracy , Van Zijl Karen , Beauchemin Emily , Boland Catherine
Published: February 2017

Globally, hospitals and medical centres have a reputation of causing individual patients an increased level of anxiety, stress and pain owing to their foreign environments, intimidating examinations and rigorous treatments. Because of children’s cognitive and developmental levels of understanding and communication, they are more susceptible to increased levels of stress and trauma associated with medical examinations and hospitalisation. Certified Child Life Specialists (CCLSs) are professionals trained in child development and family systems expertise who work directly with children and families to meet their psychosocial and emotional needs in order to help them overcome some of life’s most challenging events, including hospitalisation, illness and trauma. This article aims to address the history of the child life profession and the significance of child life in a paediatric imaging unit, and to discuss the current and future status of psychosocial services in South Africa.
El semanario "España" y la neutralidad estadounidense en la I Guerra Mundial
Authors: Montero Jiménez José Antonio
Published: February 2017

A comienzos del siglo XX se intensificaron en distintos círculos intelectuales europeos los debates en torno a la americanización. Éstos llegaron a España gracias, por una parte, al incremento de noticias venidas directamente desde Estados Unidos y por otra, al surgimiento de nuevas generaciones de intelectuales familiarizados con el mundo anglosajón.Tras el estallido de la I Guerra Mundial, la revista España se convirtió en uno de los medios intelectuales aliadófilos más importantes. Sus colaboradores recogieron las impresiones sobre Estados Unidos, difundidas en los años anteriores, para presentar la neutralidad de ese país como el modelo que debería seguir el gobierno español.
Voceros de los pueblos: los periódicos provincianos costarricenses durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX (1850-1900)
Authors: Quesada Rivera Eugenio
Published: February 2017

La imprenta llegó tardíamente a Costa Rica, en 1830, y el periodismo esperaría tres años más para nacer. Durante los primeros años, la edición de periódicos se concentró en la ciudad capital: San José. Al promediar el siglo XIX, el arte negro comenzó a practicarse en las provincias costarricenses y con él aparecerían los periódicos regionales. El objetivo del artículo es analizar los periódicos que circularon en las provincias de Costa Rica entre 1850 y 1900. Se aborda su ciclo de vida, su periodicidad, su formato, su foliación, su costo al lector y el taller de donde proceden. Se busca, además, dar respuesta a las interrogantes ¿por qué surgen estos periódicos? ¿por qué aparecen tardíamente? y ¿por qué desaparecen?
Cartilha educativa sobre diabetes: elaboração e validação de conteúdo
Authors: Aquino Jéssica Azevedo de , Baldoni André de Oliveira , Oliveira Claudia di Lorenzo , De Figueiredo Roberta Carvalho , Cardoso Clareci da Silva , Pereira Mariana Linhares , Sanches-Giraud Cristina
Published: February 2017

Resumo: Pacientes com Diabetes Mellitus (DM) necessitam de suporte para educação e cuidados para autogestão da doença. Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar os resultados da construção e validação de conteúdo de uma cartilha educativa para ser utilizada em um programa de educação baseado em empoderamento dos pacientes com DM. A cartilha foi elaborada contendo os padrões necessários para autocuidado em Diabetes propostos pela Associação Americana de Educadores em Diabetes e submetida a avaliação de especialistas utilizando a técnica Delphi. Para avaliação dos especialistas, que ocorreu em duas etapas, foi utilizado um questionário online contendo 8 questões para obter um consenso superior a 80% de todos os itens que compõem o material final. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma terceira etapa em que a cartilha foi submetida a avaliação de pacientes em um estudo piloto. Participaram da primeira etapa 12 especialistas em DM e três itens não atingiram inicialmente o consenso de 80%. A cartilha foi reformulada e seis especialistas participaram da segunda etapa, em que foi obtido o consenso de 80%. Na terceira etapa, cinco pacientes contribuíram para a avaliação da versão final. A cartilha educativa apresenta boas características de validação de conteúdo para ser utilizada em um programa de educação para empoderamento de pacientes com DM e na autogestão e em cuidados da saúde.
Processo epigenéticos envolvidos na fisiopatologia da esclerose múltipla com ênfase na função dos miRNAs
Authors: Siqueira Mirian Krystel , Pires Liliane
Published: February 2017

A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença neurodegenerativa autoimune do sistema nervoso central (SNC). A fisiopatologia caracteriza-se por intensa atividade inflamatória e envolvimento de células do sistema imune (TCD4+, TCD8+ e linfócitos B); células da glia e uma desregulação da permeabilidade da barreira hematoencefálica (BHE). Atualmente a sua etiologia permanece desconhecida e acredita-se que os fatores ambientais e uma predisposição genética sejam os responsáveis pela autoimunidade. Discrepâncias em padrões de herança genética da doença, prevalência de gênero e baixa taxa de concordância entre gêmeos homozigotos sugerem a atuação de processos epigenéticos na esclerose múltipla. Os processos epigenéticos são responsáveis pela expressão gênica sem ocasionar uma alteração no código genético e são altamente sensíveis a variações do meio ambiente. Ademais são preservados entre divisões celulares e interferem em diferentes processos biológicos; porém podem ser revertidos. Os três processos mais bem estudados são a metilação de DNA, a acetilação de histonas e o silenciamento gênico por miRNAs. Os miRNAs especificamente vem sendo alvo de pesquisas uma vez que regulam um terço da expressão gênica em mamíferos. Esses pequenos segmentos de RNA de aproximadamente 22 nucleotídeos tem elucidado diversos aspectos da EM e parecem interagir e regular células do sistema imune e do SNC; podendo vir a se tornar valiosos biomarcadores para a mesma.
One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish
Authors: Russo James , Russo Toby
Published: February 2017

Read the classic Dr. Seuss book One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish with your class and get students to engage with these associated mathematical problems. The problems cover a diverse range of key mathematical concepts. Math by the Month features collections of short activities focused on a monthly theme. These articles aim for an inquiry or problem-solving orientation that includes four activities each for grade bands K–2, 3–4, and 5–6.
Snack sharing
Authors: Chao Theodore
Published: February 2017

Snack time can be a great time to introduce fractions. This article introduces number selection and objects as a way to help students think about relationships between numbers. Postscript items are designed as rich grab-and-go resources that any teacher can quickly incorporate into his or her classroom repertoire with little effort and maximum impact.
Editorial. El fotoperiodismo en la era de la posverdad
Authors: Marzal Felici Javier , Casero Ripollés Andreu
Published: February 2017

Editorial y presentación de los contenidos del número 13.
Lars Olof Åhlbergs realismebegrepp i litteratur och konst
Authors: Olsen Stein Haugom
Published: February 2017

Realismebegrepp i litteratur och konst;
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with epidermal growth factor receptor‐mutations in asbestos exposed non‐smokers: A case series
Authors: Kradin Richard L. , Iafrate John , Christiani David C.
Published: February 2017

Background

Cigarette smoke and asbestos are recognized causes of lung carcinoma and together promote carcinogenesis. Adenocarcinoma is currently the most common cause of lung cancer in the USA and it has been linked to both smoking and asbestos exposure. Mutations in the epidermal growth factor gene receptor (EGFR) occur predominantly in non‐smokers with adenocarcinoma.

Methods Mutations in the EGFR gene were investigated using next‐generation sequencing.

Results

We report the presence of EGFR exon point mutations in the pulmonary adenocarcinomas of three never‐smokers occupationally exposed to asbestos.

Conclusion

The role of asbestos as a possible cause of EGFR mutagenesis requires further investigation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:306–309, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adamantylidene Addition to M3N@Ih‐C80 (M=Sc, Lu) and Sc3N@D5h‐C80: Synthesis and Crystallographic Characterization of the [5,6]‐Open and [6,6]‐Open Adducts
Authors: Yamada Michio , Abe Tsuneyuki , Saito Chiharu , Yamazaki Toshiki , Sato Satoru , Mizorogi Naomi , Slanina Zdenek , Uhlík Filip , Suzuki Mitsuaki , Maeda Yutaka , Lian Yongfu , Lu Xing , Olmstead Marilyn M. , Balch Alan L. , Nagase Shigeru , Akasaka Takeshi
Published: February 2017

Additions of adamantylidene (Ad) to M3N@Ih‐C80 (M=Sc, Lu) and Sc3N@D5h‐C80 have been accomplished by photochemical reactions with 2‐adamantyl‐2,3′‐[3H]‐diazirine (1). In M3N@Ih‐C80, the addition led to rupture of the [6,6]‐ or [5,6]‐bonds of the Ih‐C80 cage, forming the [6,6]‐open fulleroid as the major isomer and the [5,6]‐open fulleroid as the minor isomer. In Sc3N@D5h‐C80, the addition also proceeded regioselectively to yield three major isomeric Ad mono‐adducts, despite the fact that there are nine types of C−C bonds in the D5h‐C80 cage. The molecular structures of the seven Ad mono‐adducts, including the positions of the encaged trimetallic nitride clusters, have been unambiguously determined through single‐crystal XRD analyses. Furthermore, results have shown that stepwise addition of Ad to Lu3N@Ih‐C80 affords several Ad bis‐adducts, two of which have been isolated and characterized. The X‐ray structure of one bis‐adduct clearly revealed that the second Ad addition took place at a [6,6]‐bond close to an endohedral metal atom. Theoretical calculations have also been performed to rationalize the regioselectivity.
One pot peroxidation of oleic acid rich Azadirachta indica oil over bio‐waste derived heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Sahu Himadri , Mohanty Kaustubha
Published: February 2017

In this work, a heterogeneous catalyst was developed from waste fish bone. ZnO was deposited onto the waste fish bone to enhance the surface properties along with ion exchangeability. After characterization, the developed catalyst was found to have a much higher surface area (217 m2 · g−1) than that of raw fish bone (10 m2 · g−1). This catalyst was used during peroxidation of oleic acid rich Azadirachta indica oil (neem oil) to observe its suitability and efficiency. A quadratic model was developed with five input variables (temperature (T), time (t), g/g of catalyst (HZn), H2O2:oil ratio (γH:FA), formic acid:oil ratio (γF:FA)) and 2 output variables (Iodine value, Oxirane Oxygen Conversion). The optimized parametric values for T, t, HZn, γH:FA, and γF:FA were found to be 60 °C, 3.88 h, 20 g/g, 19.05:1, and 19.85:1 respectively. The final epoxidized oil was characterized using FTIR and 1HNMR. The reusability of the catalyst was studied both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Witterungsbedingte Lackschäden früher erkennen
Authors: Oehler Harald , Wanner Matthias , Alig Ingo
Published: February 2017

Schwankende Temperaturen, Sonnenstrahlung, Feuchte, chemische Substanzen und mechanische Belastungen schädigen Lackierungen und Beschichtungen. Um sie beständig zu machen, ist es erforderlich, die Alterungsmechanismen besser zu verstehen und Schädigungen möglichst frühzeitig zu detektieren.
Wasserstoffkatalyse in Mikroalgen
Authors: Senger Moritz , Stripp Sven
Published: February 2017

Hydrogenasen in Grünalgen katalysieren die Abgabe von Wasserstoff. Wie läuft das auf molekularer Ebene ab? Isotopenmarkierung und Infrarotspektroskopie helfen, diese Frage zu beantworten.
einhundertundfünfzig
Authors: Leusmann Eliza
Published: February 2017

Verblüffendes, Lustiges, schon fast Vergessenes: Die Serie Zahlenstatistik des Monats liefert Fakten aus 150 Jahren. In diesem Monat geht es um Gesundheit, Medikamente und die Chemie dahinter.
Recycling von Industriemetallen
Authors: Schwarz Marc , Adler Bernhard
Published: February 2017

Transportreaktionen sind ein neuer Reaktionstyp zum Recyceln von Industriemetallen. Damit ließen sich manche Schwierigkeiten beim Aufarbeiten von Elektroschrott vermeiden.
Gesellschaft chinesischer Chemiker tagt in München
Authors: Shao Huawei , Wang Rongbiao
Published: February 2017

Die 28. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft Chinesischer Chemiker und Chemieingenieure in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (GCCCD) stand unter dem Motto “Chemie und Chemie‐Engineering für nachhaltige Entwicklung“. Die zweitägige Veranstaltung fand Ende Oktober zum ersten Mal in München statt. 150 Gäste und GCCCD‐Mitglieder aus Hochschulen und chemischer Industrie nahmen an der Tagung teil.
Die dunkle Seite der Exzellenz
Authors: Al‐Shamery Katharina
Published: February 2017

Im Jahr 1867 gründete sich die Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft, die ältere der beiden Vorgängerorganisationen der GDCh. Exzellente Wissenschaft steht von Anfang auf der Fahne der Gesellschaft. Doch verführt der Zwang zur Exzellenz in Zeiten eines gewaltigen Publikationsdrucks nicht allzu leicht zu unethischem Verhalten?
1,25(OH)2D3 attenuates hepatic steatosis by inducing autophagy in mice
Authors: Li Renlong , Guo Enshuang , Yang Jiankun , Li Anyi , Yang Yan , Liu Shenpei , Liu Anding , Jiang Xiaojing
Published: February 2017

Objective

1,25(OH)2D3 has been reported to attenuate liver steatosis; however, its exact mechanism of action remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether 1,25(OH)2D3 can attenuate hepatic steatosis by inducing autophagy.

Methods

Male C57BL/6 mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) were injected with 1,25(OH)2D3 for 4 weeks. These mice were given 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) to inhibit autophagy. HepG2 cells were preincubated with a free fatty acid (FFA) and then treated with 1,25(OH)2D3. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) shRNA and autophagy‐related 16‐like 1 (ATG16L1) siRNA were used for VDR knockdown or ATG16L1 silencing, respectively.

Results

1,25(OH)2D3 diminished HFD‐induced liver damage and steatosis, changes accompanied by autophagy and ATG16L1 expression upregulation. Inhibition of 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced autophagy mediated by 3‐MA blocked the protective effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on hepatic steatosis. Additionally, 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced autophagy appeared to play a role in anti‐inflammation and lipid metabolism modulation in the liver. In HepG2 cells, 1,25(OH)2D3 reduced lipid accumulation and increased autophagy and ATG16L1 expression; however, this effect was abrogated after VDR knockdown. The protective effects of 1,25(OH)2D3‐mediated autophagy against lipid accumulation were abolished by 3‐MA. Furthermore, siRNA‐mediated ATG16L1 knockdown prevented 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced autophagy, resulting in increased fat accumulation.

Conclusions

The data suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 may ameliorate hepatic steatosis by inducing autophagy by upregulating ATG16L1.
Incremental comprehension of Japanese passives: Evidence from the visual-world paradigm
Authors: MITSUGI SANAKO
Published: February 2017

Psycholinguistic research has shown that sentence processing is incremental (e.g., Altmann & Kamide, 1999). In Japanese, a verb-final language, native speakers use case markers to incrementally assign thematic roles and predictively activate a structural representation of upcoming linguistic items. This study examined whether second-language learners of Japanese, guided by case markers, generate predictions as to whether the upcoming verb involves the active or passive voice. The results show that the native speakers made predictive eye movements before the verb, but the learners did not; the learners were less efficient in using case-marker cues than the native speakers and relied more on verb morphology information. These results suggest that case markers guide thematic role assignments, expediting the processing for Japanese native speakers. Learners may depend more on information from the verb to compensate for the inefficiency in case-marker-driven predictive processing.
Burden of Nursing Home-Onset Clostridium difficile Infection in the United States: Estimates of Incidence and Patient Outcomes
Authors: Hunter Jennifer C. , Mu Yi , Dumyati Ghinwa K. , Farley Monica M. , Winston Lisa G. , Johnston Helen L. , Meek James I. , Perlmutter Rebecca , Holzbauer Stacy M. , Beldavs Zintars G. , Phipps Erin C. , Dunn John R. , Cohen Jessica A. , Avillan Johannetsy , Stone Nimalie D. , Gerding Dale N. , McDonald L. Clifford , Lessa Fernanda C.
Published: February 2017

Background.  Approximately 4 million Americans receive nursing home (NH) care annually. Nursing home residents commonly have risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), including advanced age and antibiotic exposures. We estimated national incidence of NH-onset (NHO) CDI and patient outcomes.

Methods.  We identified NHO-CDI cases from population-based surveillance of 10 geographic areas in the United States. Cases were defined by C difficile-positive stool collected in an NH (or from NH residents in outpatient settings or ≤3 days after hospital admission) without a positive stool in the prior 8 weeks. Medical records were reviewed on a sample of cases. Incidence was estimated using regression models accounting for age and laboratory testing method; sampling weights were applied to estimate hospitalizations, recurrences, and deaths.

Results.  A total of 3503 NHO-CDI cases were identified. Among 262 sampled cases, median age was 82 years, 76% received antibiotics in the 12 weeks prior to the C difficile-positive specimen, and 57% were discharged from a hospital in the month before specimen collection. After adjusting for age and testing method, the 2012 national estimate for NHO-CDI incidence was 112 800 cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 93 400–131 800); 31 400 (28%) were hospitalized within 7 days after a positive specimen (95% CI, 25 500–37 300), 20 900 (19%) recurred within 14–60 days (95% CI, 14 600–27 100), and 8700 (8%) died within 30 days (95% CI, 6600–10 700).

Conclusions.  Nursing home onset CDI is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Strategies focused on infection prevention in NHs and appropriate antibiotic use in both NHs and acute care settings may decrease the burden of NHO CDI.
Temperature-driven selection on metabolic traits increases the strength of an algal-grazer interaction in naturally warmed streams
Authors: Schaum C. -Elisa ,   Bio244 Students, ffrench-Constant Richard , Lowe Chris , Ólafsson Jón S , Padfield Daniel , Yvon-Durocher Gabriel
Published: February 2017

Trophic interactions are important determinants of the structure and functioning of ecosystems. As the metabolism and consumption rates of ectotherms increase sharply with temperature, there are major concerns that global warming will increase the strength of trophic interactions, destabilizing food webs, and altering ecosystem structure and function. We used geothermally warmed streams that span a ∼10°C temperature gradient to investigate the interplay between temperature-driven selection on traits related to metabolism and resource acquisition, and the interaction strength between the keystone gastropod grazer, the wandering snailRadix balthica, and a common algal resource. Populations from a warm stream (∼28°C) had higher maximal metabolic rates and optimal temperatures than their counterparts from a cold stream (∼17°C). We found that metabolic rates of the population originating from a warmer stream were higher across all measurement temperatures. A reciprocal transplant experiment demonstrated that the interaction strengths between the grazer and its algal resource were highest for both populations when transplanted into the warm stream. In line with the thermal dependence of respiration, interaction strengths of grazers from the warm stream were always higher than those of grazers from the cold stream. These findings suggest that warming can increase the strength of algal-grazer interactions through the thermodynamic effects of higher temperatures on physiological rates as well as through correlated increases inper capitametabolism and consumption.
Financial performance and non‐family CEO turnover in private family firms under different conditions of ownership and governance
Authors: Visintin Francesca , Pittino Daniel , Minichilli Alessandro
Published: February 2017

Manuscript Type

Empirical

Research Question/Issue

Family firms, as insider‐controlled companies, should be less likely to exhibit CEO turnover after poor performance and may thus promote enhanced focus on long‐term goals. However, when a non‐family CEO is in charge, the relatively limited empirical evidence is contrasting. Some studies find that only family CEOs are immune from the threat of dismissal following poor financial performance, while other studies show that family firms discipline their CEOs for poor financial performance regardless of their family status. In this work, we try to reconcile these contrasting findings and investigate what ownership and governance conditions influence the owners’ pressure on the CEO to achieve short‐term financial results.

Research findings/insights

Drawing on a longitudinal dataset that covers the entire population of Italian medium and large family companies, we find that when family ownership is concentrated in the hands of few family shareholders or there is a low number of family members involved in the board of directors, non‐family CEOs are less likely to be dismissed after poor performance.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

Our study, adopting the behavioral agency theory as the guiding framework, highlights the importance for governance decisions of the potential goal divergence among principals in closely held ownership structures. Our results also add to the still scant literature on the relationship between family owners and non‐family CEOs.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

Our research suggests that, in the decision to hire a non‐family CEO, family business owners should not only assess their gaps in managerial skills but also carefully consider the ownership structure and family involvement conditions. On the side of professional non‐family managers, our results offer insights on ways to address the employment relationship with the controlling family.
Effect of team sports and resistance training on physical function, quality of life, and motivation in older adults
Authors: Pedersen M. T. , Vorup J. , Nistrup A. , Wikman J. M. , Alstrøm J. M. , Melcher P. S. , Pfister G. U. , Bangsbo J.
Published: February 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of team sports and resistance training on physical function, psychological health, quality of life, and motivation in older untrained adults. Twenty‐five untrained men and forty‐seven untrained women aged 80 (range: 67‐93) years were recruited. Fifty‐one were assigned to a training group (TRG) of which twenty‐five performed team training (TG) and twenty‐six resistance training (RG). The remaining twenty‐one were allocated to a control group (CG). TRG trained for 1 hour twice a week for 12 weeks. Compared with CG, TRG improved the number of arm curls within 30 seconds (P<.05) and 30‐seconds chair stand (P<.05) during the intervention. In TRG, participation in training led to higher (P<.05) scores in the subscales psychological well‐being, general quality of life, and health‐related quality of life, as well as decreased anxiety and depression levels. No differences between changes in TG and RG were found over the intervention period, neither in physical function tests nor psychological questionnaires. Both TG and RG were highly motivated for training, but TG expressed a higher degree of enjoyment and intrinsic motivation mainly due to social interaction during the activity, whereas RG was more motivated by extrinsic factors like health and fitness benefits. In conclusion, both team training and resistance training improved physical function, psychological well‐being, and quality of life. However, team sport training motivated the participants more by intrinsic factors than resistance training.
Clinical findings, treatment, and outcome in 11 dairy heifers with breakdown injury due to interosseous medius muscle rupture
Authors: Nuss Karl , Boppart Jasmin , Geyer Hans
Published: February 2017

Objective

To describe the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of fetlock breakdown due to interosseus medius muscle rupture in cattle.

Study Design

Retrospective clinical study.

Animals

Dairy heifers with unilateral or bilateral interosseus medius muscle rupture (n = 11).

Methods

Breakdown injury due to rupture of the interosseus medius muscle was documented clinically, radiographically, and ultrasonographically. Breakdown was bilateral in 4 heifers (3 in forelimbs, 1 in hind limbs) and unilateral in 7 (all hind limbs). One heifer with severe bilateral hind limb breakdown was slaughtered and the remaining 10 were treated by transfixation pin cast (1 heifer), box rest (n = 2), and/or a cast and splint (7).

Results

Hyperextension of the fetlock and hyperflexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints during weight bearing were characteristic for interosseus muscle breakdown. Ultrasonographically, the origin and body of the interosseus muscle and the branches to the sesamoid bones were primarily affected by the rupture. Conservative treatment was successful (used for their intended purpose) in 8 of 9 heifers with a median lifespan of 32 months after discharge from the clinic (range 6‐83).

Conclusion

Rupture of the interosseus medius muscle in young cattle may be more common than previously suggested in the literature. Imaging with ultrasound allowed more detailed localization of lesions of the musculo‐tendinous structure. Interosseus medius muscle rupture had a favorable prognosis when treated conservatively in these heifers.
A Review on Green Building Index: Management Criteria
Authors: Aghili Nasim , Mohammed Abdul Hakim , Sheau-Ting Low
Published: February 2017

This paper reviews “management” criteria in green building standard worldwide. There are several issues related to the “management” criteria of green building that include the increase of property management and maintenance costs, the occurrence of incompatible maintenance programs, underutilization of property, end-user dissatisfaction, role of manager; lack of knowledge, skill and experience; and lack of proper financial planning. Twenty-seven green building indexes are reviewed. Summary of “management” criteria are presented from six green building standards. Current study has been proposed a set of “management criteria”.
Service Quality and Customers’ Trust, Moderating Role of Personality Traits
Authors: Ur Rehman Muhammad Ahmad , Md Rasli Amran
Published: February 2017

Customers’ trust is an inevitable asset for organizations. The long-term relationship of customer-organization depends upon the presence of customers’ trust on the organization. It’s a delicate sense of feeling derived from quality and commitment of the organizations to meet customers’ expectations. The significance of this phenomenon in services industry becomes even more critical where organizations have to know individual as well as contextual factors that influence on customers’ trust. This study tested the impact of different dimensions of perceived service quality on customers’ trust and how this perception varies depending upon the personality disposition in life insurance sector of Pakistan. Using cross sectional research design, the study taped customers’ responses regarding service quality, customers’ trust, and their personality disposition. The sample was obtained from insurance sector in different cities of Pakistan, where 242 customers were participated in the survey Explanatory factor analysis, single mean T-test, correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test proposed hypotheses. The results indicate   positive relationship between different dimensions of service quality and customers’ trust. The finding of moderation analysis shows that customer’s personality traits have varied effects on the relationships between dimensions of service quality and customers’ trust. Finally, based on quantitative findings, proposed framework was revised. This study recommends several implications for managers of services industry so that they should develop an effective service design to build long-term customers’ trust in accordance with different personality traits.