bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dyslipidemia, lipid-lowering agents and neuroendocrine neoplasms: new horizons
Authors: Modica Roberta , La Salvia Anna , Liccardi Alessia , Cozzolino Alessia , Di Sarno Antonella , Russo Flaminia , Colao Annamaria , Faggiano Antongiulio ,   on behalf of NIKE group
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies originating from cells with a neuroendocrine phenotype. The complex relationship between lipid metabolism and cancer is gaining interest and a potential anti-cancer effect of lipid lowering agents is being considered. This review aims to discuss the current understanding and treatment of dyslipidaemia in NENs, focusing on the role of lipid lowering agents, including new therapeutic approaches, and future perspectives as possible tool in cancer prevention and tumor-growth control.

Methods

We performed an electronic-based search using PubMed updated until December 2023, summarizing the available evidence both in basic and clinical research about lipid lowering agents in NENs.

Results

Dyslipidemia is an important aspect to be considered in NENs management, although randomized studies specifically addressing this topic are lacking, unlike other cancer types. Available data mainly regard statins, and in vitro studies have demonstrated direct antitumor effects, including antiproliferative effects in some cancers, supporting possible pleiotropic effects also in NENs, but data remain conflicting. Ezetimibe, omega 3-fatty acids, fibrates and inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) may enhance the regulation of lipid homeostasis, as demonstrated in other cancers.

Conclusions

Targeting dyslipidemia in NENs should be part of the multidisciplinary management and an integrated approach may be the best option for both metabolic and tumor control. Whether lipid lowering agents may directly contribute to tumor control remains to be confirmed with specific studies, focusing on association with other metabolic risk, disease stage and primary site.
Partial validation of a six-month high-fat diet and fructose-glucose drink combination as a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Makri Evangelia S. , Xanthopoulos Konstantinos , Mavrommatis Parasidis Panagiotis , Makri Eleftheria , Pettas Spyros , Tsingotjidou Anastasia , Cheva Angeliki , Ballaouri Iris , Gerou Spyridon , Goulas Antonis , Polyzos Stergios A.
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The need to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has led to the development of multiple mouse models. The aim of this study was to validate a fast food diet (FFD) mouse model that is introduced as being close to the human disease.

Methods

Eight to nine weeks old male and female C57BL/6 J mice were randomly allocated to a FFD group or to a chow diet (CD) group. Every four weeks, mice were weighed, and blood samples were collected for the measurement of glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TGs) and total cholesterol. After 25 weeks, mice were sacrificed, and liver tissue was histologically evaluated.

Results

FFD mice gained more weight (p = 0.049) and presented a higher liver-to-body weight ratio (p < 0.001) compared to CD mice. FFD group presented with greater steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning and NAFLD activity score (NAS), whereas lobular inflammation and fibrosis were not significantly different compared to CD. When stratified by sex, NAS was different between FFD and CD groups in both male and female mice. Group by time interaction was significant for weight, ALT and cholesterol, but not for glucose, AST and TGs.

Conclusion

FFD mice presented with morphologic and biochemical features of NAFLD and with greater hepatic steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning and NAS, but not lobular inflammation and fibrosis, compared to CD mice. These results only partly validate the FFD mouse model for NAFLD, at least for a 6-month feeding period.
The potential of soil microbial communities to transform deoxynivalenol in agricultural soils—a soil microcosm study
Authors: Kenngott Kilian G. J. , Muñoz Katherine
Published: March 2024

Infestation of cereal fields with toxigenic Fusarium species is identified as an environmental source for the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). During rain events, DON may be washed off from infested plants and enter the soil, where microbial transformation may occur. Although some studies showed DON transformation potential of soil microbial communities in liquid soil extracts, these findings can not be transferred to environmental conditions. Accordingly, microbial transformation of DON in soil has to be investigated under realistic conditions, e.g., microcosms mimicking field situations. In this study, we investigated the potential of soil microbial communities to transform DON in six different agricultural soils at two levels (0.5 and 5 µg g–1). The dissipation and the formation of transformation products were investigated in a period of 35 days and compared to a sterilized control. In addition, we measured soil respiration and applied the phospholipid-derived fatty acid (PLFA) analysis to assess whether soil microbial community characteristics are related to the microbial transformation potential. Dissipation of DON in non-sterilized soils was fast (50% dissipation within 0.6–3.7 days) compared to the sterile control where almost no dissipation was observed. Thus, dissipation was mainly attributed to microbial transformation. We verified that small amounts of DON are transformed to 3-keto-deoxynivalenol (3-keto-DON) and 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON), which were not detectable after 16-day incubation, indicating further transformation processes. There was a trend towards faster transformation in soils with active and large microbial communities and low fungi-to-bacteria ratio.
Evaluating the effectiveness of dual dye combination of indocyanine green and carbon nanoparticles with parathyroid hormone test in preserving parathyroid gland during papillary thyroid cancer surgery: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Yuliang , Zhang Songze , Miao Keyu , Li Jiagen
Published: March 2024

Preserving the integrity of parathyroid glands is crucial in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) surgery to avoid hypoparathyroidism. In recent years, two novel dyes, activated carbon nanoparticles (CNP) and indocyanine green (ICG), have been utilized to assist in parathyroid gland identification. However, the use of CNP or ICG alone can result in extravasation of dye or excessive fluorescence of non-parathyroid tissue, which can affect the accuracy of surgical outcomes by yielding false negative or false positive results. Therefore, it is important to further optimize the application of these two dyes in surgery. We analyzed case files of 124 PTC patients who underwent routine total or near-total thyroidectomy with bilateral lymph node dissection in the central region at the Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University from January to November 2022. The patients were randomly divided into three groups based on the type of intraoperative dye used. The CNP group (n = 38) received an intra-thyroidal injection of CNP dye. The ICG group (n = 42) used the ICG near-infrared fluorescence endoscopy system to show parathyroid fluorescence. The group that received a combined approach of ICG and CNP (n = 44) leveraged the advantages of both methods that allow for positive development of ICG and negative development of CNP to identify and preserve the parathyroid gland during operation. The parathyroid hormone detection reagent (PTH test method) was employed to verify the highly suspected parathyroid tissue in all three groups. We analyzed intraoperative data pertaining to intraoperative parathyroid identification, misexcision, number of autotransplantation, and postoperative hypoparathyroidism among the three groups. Compared with the ICG group and the CNP group, the combined group demonstrated more prominent advantages in identifying average the number of lower parathyroid glands (1.93 ± 0.26, p = 0.015), reducing the average numberrate of misexcision (0.45 ± 0.5, p = 0.004), and reducing the incidence of postoperative temporary hypothyroidism (3/44, p = 0.015). The combined use of ICG and CNP dual-dye with PTH test method appears to be more effective in both identifying and protecting parathyroid glands during PTC surgery.
Spatiotemporal variation of land surface temperature and its driving factors in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Cao Yu , Zhang Zhengyong , Zhang Xueying , Liu Lin , Chen Hongjin , Gao Yu , Yu Fengchen , Liu Xinyi
Published: March 2024

Land surface temperature (LST) directly affects the energy balance of terrestrial surface systems and impacts regional resources, ecosystem evolution, and ecosystem structures. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is located at the arid Northwest China and is extremely sensitive to climate change. There is an urgent need to understand the distribution patterns of LST in this area and quantitatively measure the nature and intensity of the impacts of the major driving factors from a spatial perspective, as well as elucidate the formation mechanisms. In this study, we used the MOD11C3 LST product developed on the basis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to conduct regression analysis and determine the spatiotemporal variation and differentiation pattern of LST in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020. We analyzed the driving mechanisms of spatial heterogeneity of LST in Xinjiang and the six geomorphic zones (the Altay Mountains, Junggar Basin, Tianshan Mountains, Tarim Basin, Turpan-Hami (Tuha) Basin, and Pakakuna Mountain Group) using geographical detector (Geodetector) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. The warming rate of LST in Xinjiang during the study period was 0.24°C/10a, and the spatial distribution pattern of LST had obvious topographic imprints, with 87.20% of the warming zone located in the Gobi desert and areas with frequent human activities, and the cooling zone mainly located in the mountainous areas. The seasonal LST in Xinjiang was at a cooling rate of 0.09°C/10a in autumn, and showed a warming trend in other seasons. Digital elevation model (DEM), latitude, wind speed, precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and sunshine duration in the single-factor and interactive detections were the key factors driving the LST changes. The direction and intensity of each major driving factor on the spatial variations of LST in the study area were heterogeneous. The negative feedback effect of DEM on the spatial differentiation of LST was the strongest. Lower latitudes, lower vegetation coverage, lower levels of precipitation, and longer sunshine duration increased LST. Unused land was the main heat source landscape, water body was the most important heat sink landscape, grassland and forest land were the land use and land cover (LULC) types with the most prominent heat sink effect, and there were significant differences in different geomorphic zones due to the influences of their vegetation types, climatic conditions, soil types, and human activities. The findings will help to facilitate sustainable climate change management, analyze local climate and environmental patterns, and improve land management strategies in Xinjiang and other arid areas.
Zoonotic Parasites in Reptiles, with Particular Emphasis on Potential Zoonoses in Australian Reptiles
Authors: Leung Tommy L. F.
Published: March 2024

Purpose of Review

Zoonotic infections are a major public health issue, but reptiles are generally overlooked as sources of zoonoses compared with other classes of vertebrate animals. This paper provides an overview of the biology and ecologies of zoonotic parasites, including helminths, arthropods and protozoans from reptiles.

Recent Findings

Reptile zoonoses include parasites from a wide range of taxa, and a variety of different infection routes. In particular, Australia’s diverse reptile fauna may be harbouring a range of parasites with varying degrees of zoonotic potential, but the basic biology and ecology of many of those parasites are poorly known.

While some reptile parasites are foodborne zoonoses, many others may be acquired from exposure to infective stages which have been shed into the environment, especially among captive reptiles. Within Australia, consumption of reptile meat is rare in comparison to other parts of the world, but the increasing popularity of reptiles as pets means that captive pets and the reptile trade may become a key source of emerging zoonoses in the future.
Curriculum, democracy and pedagogies for justice: a collective futures dialogue
Authors: Maher Katie , Rigney Lester-Irabinna , King Mikayla , Garrett Robyne , Windle Joel , Memon Nadeem , Wrench Alison , Carter Jenni , Paige Kathryn , O’Keeffe Lisa , Lovell Margaret , Schulz Samantha , Soong Hannah , Colton Jill , McDonald Sarah , Hattam Robert
Published: March 2024

This collaborative paper by members of the Pedagogies for Social Justice Research Group responds to the question of how curriculum and pedagogy can be with and for democracy. Our introduction takes Alice Rigney’s and Dewey’s insights on education and democracy as our point of departure for learning together. As a collective, we have gathered together multiple ways of perceiving and enacting a curriculum for democracy in a context of de-democratisation. We approach tensions, intersections, limits and possibilities of curriculum and democracy from the frames of ‘woven’ curriculum and critical Indigenous pedagogies; racially, religiously and culturally responsive pedagogies; dialogic and relational approaches; agentic, embodied, activist and rights-based pedagogies; and everyday praxis.

Kalkadoon scholar Mikayla King’s opening paper on the woven curriculum provides both a point of departure and a grounding site for weaving together our collaborative insights into curriculum, democracy and pedagogies for justice. Garrett and Windle draw attention to how affective and embodied pedagogies can challenge mind/body binaries and activate rights-based modes of being and learning. Memon observes how religion shapes the lifeworlds of learners and proposes a move towards learning from religion. Wrench, Carter, Paige and O’Keeffe advocate for the embedding of eco-justice principles, sociologically informed curriculum, and culturally responsive and story-sharing pedagogies. Lovell and Schulz claim racial literacy as an essential component of a pluralistic democracy that honours First Nations’ sovereignty. Soong suggests that ‘everyday pedagogy’ might enable educators to relate with pre-service teachers as critical and empathetic humanists beyond the role of neoliberalised technicians. Colton and McDonald highlight possibilities within the curriculum for learners to act with the pluralities of the world. McDonald and Schulz argue that gender equity is a necessary foundation for a peaceful, democratic world. We conclude with Hattam’s reiteration of how schooling as a key site for social formation re-produces the nation. He urges us to defy the monologue of authoritarian governing and ‘live together through dialogue’.
Challenging pre-service teacher habitus: A self-study of unit design in teacher education
Authors: Williams John , Ovens Alan
Published: March 2024

The purpose of our paper was to examine how John, the lead author, attempted to bridge the reality-congruence gap between how his Health and Physical Education (HPE) pre-service teachers (PSTs) knew HPE, before commencing the undergraduate unit (subject) central to this paper and how we know contemporary HPE as teacher educators. Here we use reality congruence according to its figurational sociology meaning as “the knowledge of it that is possible” (Giovannini, 2015, n.p.). The “it that is possible,” is the broad disciplinary knowledge necessary for teaching HPE contemporarily, that both authors have acquired over many years. A self-study approach was adopted, using Norbert Elias’s figurational sociology to deductively analyse John’s practice in teaching the reported unit. We used a two-phase approach, with phase one being an exploration of John’s experience of unit design and phase 2 examining John’s assumptions about his practice and his students. We found that John’s approaches were effective in influencing his students to learn and value reality-congruent HPE. Supporting qualitative student satisfaction data suggested many HPE-PSTs valued the teaching approaches John used, which also aligned with their learning preferences. Through planning teacher education curriculum content that challenges traditional notions of PE in particular, it is possible for teacher educators to influence HPE-PSTs towards learning and embracing more reality congruent HPE.
On-ground validation of orbital GNC: Visual navigation assessment in robotic testbed facility
Authors: Muralidharan Vivek , Makhdoomi Mohatashem Reyaz , Žinys Augustinas , Razgus Bronislovas , Klimavičius Marius , Olivares-Mendez Miguel , Martinez Carol
Published: March 2024

CubeSats have become versatile platforms for various space missions (e.g., on-orbit servicing and debris removal) owing to their low cost and flexibility. Many space tasks involve proximity operations that require precise guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) algorithms. Vision-based navigation is attracting interest for such operations. However, extreme lighting conditions in space challenge optical techniques. The on-ground validation of such navigation systems for orbital GNC becomes crucial to ensure their reliability during space operations. These systems undergo rigorous testing within their anticipated operational parameters, including the exploration of potential edge cases. The ability of GNC algorithms to function effectively under extreme space conditions that exceed anticipated scenarios is crucial, particularly in space missions where the scope of errors is negligible. This paper presents the ground validation of a GNC algorithm designed for autonomous satellite rendezvous by leveraging hardware-in-the-loop experiments. This study focuses on two key areas. First, the rationale underlying the augmentation of the robot workspace (six-degree-of-freedom UR10e robot + linear rail) is investigated to emulate relatively longer trajectories with complete position and orientation states. Second, the control algorithm is assessed in response to uncertain pose observations from a vision-based navigation system. The results indicate increased control costs with uncertain navigation and exemplify the importance of on-ground testing for system validation before launch, particularly in extreme cases that are typically difficult to assess using software-based testing.
Human–machine interaction and implementation on the upper extremities of a humanoid robot
Authors: Jha Panchanand , Yadav G. Praveen Kumar , Bandhu Din , Hemalatha Nuthalapati , Mandava Ravi Kumar , Adin Mehmet Şükrü , Saxena Kuldeep K. , Patel Mahaboob
Published: March 2024

Estimation and tracking the various joints of the human body in a dynamic environment plays a crucial role and it is a challenging task. Based on human–machine interaction, in the current research work the authors attempted to explore the real-time positioning of a humanoid arm using a human pose estimation framework. Kinect depth sensor and media pipe framework are used to obtain the three-dimensional position information of human skeleton joints. Further, the obtained joint coordinates are used to calculate the joint angles using the inverse kinematics approach. These joint angles are helpful in controlling the movement of the neck, shoulder, and elbow of a humanoid robot by using Python-Arduino serial communication. Finally, a comparison study was conducted between the Kinect, MediaPipe, and real-time robots while obtaining the joint angles. It has been found that the obtained result from the MediaPipe framework yields a minimum standard error compared to Kinect-based joint angles.
Multi-omics analysis reveals the dominant intestinal microbial strains and metabolites related to the reproductive performance in pregnant sows
Authors: Ye Qianhong , Luo Tingting , Han Longshan , Chen Yuwen , Hu Yifan , Jiang Haoyi , Xu Xiaojian , Yan Xianghua
Published: March 2024

Gut microbiome changed dramatically during pregnancy and played important roles in metabolic status and reproductive endocrinology in mammals. However, investigating the functional microbiota and metabolites to improve the reproductive performance and understanding the host–microbiota interaction are still arduous tasks. This study aims to reveal the dominant strains and metabolites that improve the reproductive performance. We analyzed the fecal microbiota composition and metabolic status of higher yield Chinese pig breed Meishan (MS) sows and lower yield but widespread raised hybrid pig breed Landrace × Yorkshire (L × Y) sows on days 28 and 100 of gestation. Results showed that MS sows had higher litter sizes and steroid hormone level but lower short-chain fatty acid level in feces. Fecal metabolomic analysis revealed that MS sows showed a different metabolic status compared with L × Y sows both at early and late pregnancy, which enriched with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, bile secretion, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In addition, 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer sequencing indicated that MS sows showed different structures of microbiota community and exhibited an increased bacterial α-diversity but non-differential fungal α-diversity than L × Y sows. Moreover, we found that the litter sizes and bacteria including Sphaerochaeta, Solibacillus, Oscillospira, Escherichia–Shigella, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, dgA-11_gut_group, and Bacteroides, as well as fungi including Penicillium, Fusarium, Microascus, Elutherascus, and Heydenia both have positive association to the significant metabolites at the early pregnancy. Our findings revealed significant correlation between reproductive performance and gut microbiome and provided microbial and metabolic perspective to improve litter sizes and steroid hormones of sows.
Iron Age Connectivity Revealed by an Assemblage of Egyptian Faience in Central Iberia
Authors: Chapon Linda , Padilla-Fernández Juan Jesús , Dorado-Alejos Alberto , Blanco-González Antonio
Published: March 2024

Research concerning transactions in the early first millennium bc in the westernmost Mediterranean has tended to focus on colonial coastlands occupied by scattered Levantine outposts, whereas cross-cultural interactions in hinterland regions have remained ill-defined. This article presents an assemblage of Egyptian vitreous artefacts, namely beads, a Hathor amulet, and further items from the seventh-century bc rural village of Cerro de San Vicente (Salamanca) in the interior of Spain. Macroscopic and chemical analyses demonstrate their likely manufacture in Egypt during the Middle and New Kingdom (second millennium bc), attesting to a far-reaching Phoenician maritime network that connected both ends of the Mediterranean. The authors interpret the items as liturgical objects, rather than mere high-status trinkets, that formed part of a widely shared Mediterranean world view and associated ritual mores. They consider the impact of cultural syncretism, which reached even remote and allegedly isolated peripheral settings in Iberia.
Are There Counterexamples to the Consistency Principle?
Authors: Littlejohn Clayton
Published: March 2024

Must rational thinkers have consistent sets of beliefs? I shall argue that it can be rational for a thinker to believe a set of propositions known to be inconsistent. If this is right, an important test for a theory of rational belief is that it allows for the right kinds of inconsistency. One problem we face in trying to resolve disagreements about putative rational requirements is that parties to the disagreement might be working with different conceptions of the relevant attitudes. My aim is modest. I hope to show that there is at least one important notion of belief such that a thinker might rationally hold a collection of beliefs (so understood) even when the thinker knows their contents entail a contradiction.
First Assessment of a Pebble Tool Industry in the Pesqueiro River Valley, Upper Uruguay River Basin, Southern Brazil
Authors: Pereira Santos Marcos César , Marciani Giulia , Biffi Vitor Hugo Rosa , Campos Juliano Bitencourt , Paisani Julio Cesar
Published: March 2024

This article presents the first findings of a topographic survey plotting the location of archaeological material and of a technological study of the lithic industry at the SC-CHA-030 open-air archaeological site along the Pesqueiro riverbank, located in the upper course of the Uruguay River Basin in southwestern Brazil. We analyzed raw material selection and the production of shaped/façonnage tools (unifacial, bifacial, and trihedral) associated with the production (debitage) of cortical and semi-cortical flakes that were then transformed into tools by simple retouch. From the geoarchaeological point of view, the spatial distribution pattern of the material is meaningful in the context of the geomorphic transition between foothills and alluvial plain. Our study of technological behavior and the formation of archaeological sites finds that raw material and shaped pebble tools are a crucial aspect of the industries on the Paraná Basaltic Plateau of southern Brazil.
Hamilton Fish Armstrong and Yugoslavia: How an Internationalist's Idea of a New State Made Interwar-Era Foreign Affairs—andForeign Affairs
Authors: Lugli Madelyn
Published: March 2024

This article considers the role of national spaces in the creation of interwar-era internationalism. Specifically, it explores how the future editor ofForeign Affairsmagazine, the mouthpiece of what would become the American Foreign Relations Establishment, found his way to internationalism not in the corridors of Versailles at the Paris Peace Conference, but rather through treading through the corners of the newly made Yugoslavia. During the 1920s and 1930s, internationally minded thinkers from across the political spectrum shared at least one commonality: they rooted their dreams for an international world in particular, and expressly national, spaces. This article explores how and why international thinkers became invested in foreign national movements during the interwar, suggesting that to some, these new states both represented and contributed to an idealized vision of an international world that could promote unity while protecting particularities.
What Might Agamben Learn from Augustine?
Authors: Kaufman Peter Iver
Published: March 2024

Giorgio Agamben’s references to a ‘coming community’ keep readers hunting for its characteristics, specifically for prescriptions that would signal how its political culture might be developed and maintained. His ambivalence toward Augustine prevents him, as well as readers, from discovering contributions the prelate’s preferences for compassionate collectives – which especially mark his polemical treatises, correspondence, and sermons – might make to giving a shape to the coming community that comports with many of Agamben’s other politically significant remarks.
UNPACKING PACCAR: STATUTORY INTERPRETATION AND LITIGATION FUNDING
Authors: Mulheron Rachael
Published: March 2024

In the most important funding decision in 20 years, the UK Supreme Court has declared in R. (PACCAR Inc. and others) v Competition Appeal Tribunal and others [2023] UKSC 28, [2023] 1 W.L.R. 2594 that, as a matter of statutory interpretation, a third-party funder’s litigation funding agreement (LFA) is a damages-based agreement (DBA) because third-party funders are offering “claims management services”. This decision, which overturned both the earlier Divisional Court and the Competition Appeal Tribunal decisions, and long-held industry and judicial understanding, has had an immediate impact upon UK litigation. Many LFAs will require immediate re-negotiation, given their non-compliance with the DBA legislation; but for some, the ramifications are much more serious. This article traces the legislation, soft law and law reform activity which preceded this momentous event; it suggests that a key principle of statutory interpretation which governed the outcome might arguably be re-evaluated in future case law; it discusses the possibility of legislative reversal; and it predicts the ramifications of the PACCAR decision upon (especially consumer) litigation unless reversed.
On the structure of some one-generator braces
Authors: Kurdachenko L A , Subbotin I Ya.
Published: March 2024

We describe the one-generator braces A satisfying the condition $A^3 = \langle 0 \rangle$.
Siblings, comrades, friends: Kin(g)ship, hierarchy, and equality in Thailand’s youth struggle for democracy
Authors: Bolotta Giuseppe
Published: March 2024

This article provides an innovative anthropological analysis of youth activism in contemporary Thailand by examining its past and current manifestations through an unusual theoretical nexus—that between (cosmological) politics and kinship tropes. Against the backdrop of the Buddhist kingdom’s long-standing cult of the ‘Father-King’, the article focuses on the 2020 Thai democracy movement in relation to student demonstrations in the 1970s. It aims to explore the ambiguous permutations in the meanings of kinship that have marked Thai young people’s democratic engagement in a range of social fields—including friendship, siblinghood, and comradeship. Drawing upon archival material, oral histories of student revolts, and extended ethnography with today’s youth activists in a number of political sites—anti-government rallies, universities, and private homes—the article reveals how kin relationships, hierarchies, and affects are entangled in diverse political formations of youth dissent. Through a detailed reading of these complex entanglements, it shows how relationships of ‘equal friendship’ and ‘hierarchical siblinghood’ substantiate the symbolic grounds of Thai youth activism, as conflicting instantiations of ‘filial insubordination’ to monarchical parenthood. While youth activists advocate for an egalitarian, ‘friendship-based’ polity, explicitly questioning the democratic viability of Thailand’s Buddhist kin(g)ship, they are simultaneously caught up in (seemingly inescapable) hierarchical sibling relationships that validate the latter’s ontological legitimacy in practice, generating subtle tensions. It is argued that attention given to the varied cultural shapes of these tensions can make it possible to unearth the deep, kinship-based core of Thai social conflict that is concealed beneath public forms and straightforward political stances.
The regeneration of the cosmic mind: cosmopsychism, mental chaos, and the new creation
Authors: Cawdron Harvey
Published: March 2024

In several works, Joanna Leidenhag has discussed the theological merits of panpsychism, the idea that consciousness is ubiquitous in the universe. I shall pursue a related project here in which I consider how a variant of panpsychism called cosmopsychism, in which the universe itself is seen to be conscious, can answer key questions regarding the cosmic scope of sin and redemption in the new creation view of eschatology. After outlining the new creation view and considering key problems in the contemporary debate about cosmopsychism in philosophy of mind, I shall propose a cosmopsychist account of the new creation view that can address these queries regarding cosmic scope.
“Ubirajara” and Irritator Belong to Brazil: Achieving Fossil Returns Under German Private Law
Authors: Stewens Paul Philipp
Published: March 2024

While disputes concerning the return of antiquities and artworks have become increasingly prevalent and receive public attention, the parallel issue of returning unlawfully exported fossils is rarely discussed. The fossils of “Ubirajara jubatus” and Irritator challengeri are prime examples of such disputes: they were taken from Brazil unlawfully, as Brazilian researchers allege, and displayed in German museums. The return disputes were characterized by both parties relying on arguments based almost exclusively on public (international) law. This Article explores private law as an alternative approach to these and similar disputes, discussing whether the fossils are the property of Brazil and could, therefore, be claimed in an action for restitution under German law. It finds that both fossils belong to Brazil since the museums did not acquire good title through a good faith purchase or acquisitive prescription.
Pulmonary Evaluation of Earthquake Victims Followed Up in the Intensive Care Unit After the 2023 Turkey Kahramanmaras Earthquakes
Authors: Berik Safçi Sinem , Aybal Esra , Erçen Diken Özlem
Published: March 2024

Introduction and Study Objective:

In Turkey, a total of 269 earthquakes took place from 1900 through 2023. The most devastating earthquakes in terms of casualties and extensive destruction occurred at 4:17am and 1:24pm local time on February 6, 2023 with the epicenters located in Pazarcik (Kahramanmaras) and Ekinozu (Kahramanmaras) and magnitudes of 7.7Mw and 7.6Mw, respectively. The aim of this study was to define the frequency of lung complications that occurred directly and/or developed during the intensive care follow-up of individuals affected by the Kahramanmaras earthquakes.

Method:

A retrospective evaluation was conducted on the files of 69 patients who were rescued from the debris of collapsed buildings after the Kahramanmaras earthquakes and followed up in the intensive care unit in terms of the time under the debris, demographic data, vital signs, and lung complications that were present at the time of admission and developed during follow-up. SPSS for Windows v. 20.0 was used for data analysis.

Results:

The study included a total of 69 patients, of whom 29 (42%) were female and 40 (58%) were male. The mean age was 39.9 (SD = 16.9) years. The mean time under the debris was 53.9 (SD = 52) hours, and the mean time from rescue to the intensive care unit admission was 18.7 (SD = 12.8) hours. One or more pulmonary complications were detected in 52.2% (n = 36) of the patients at the time of admission. During the follow-up, 30.4% (n = 21) of the patients developed pulmonary congestion, 13.0% (n = 9) pneumonia, 1.5% (n = 1) alveolar hemorrhage, and 1.5% (n = 1) atelectasis, while no additional lung complications developed in the remaining 37 patients (53.6%).

Conclusion:

Severe cases of individuals recovered from the debris can have a high prevalence of earthquake-related lung disorders and chest trauma, which may be associated with high mortality. The timely identification and effective intervention of pulmonary complications that may develop during follow-up can reduce mortality.
Evaluation of indigenous and exotic fodder sorghum accessions for fodder-related traits and host resistance to zonate leaf spot disease
Authors: I. Indu , Rana Maneet , H. S. Mahesha , Dikshit Nilamani , Singhal Rajesh Kumar , H. A. Bhargavi , M. C. Keerthi , Singh Sultan , Joshi Dinesh , Ahmed Shahid
Published: March 2024

A total of 108 diverse sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) accessions were characterized for quantitative and qualitative fodder-related traits and zonate leaf spot (ZLS) (Gloeocercospora sorghi) disease during two successive wet seasons of 2019 and 2020 in augmented randomized block design. The Shannon's diversity index and analysis of variance showed the existence of significant variability among qualitative and quantitative traits. K-mean clustering showed strong relationship between green fodder yield (GFY) and other yield-contributing traits. The dendrogram constructed based on morphological traits classified accessions into four diverse groups and most of genotype fall under cluster II. The principal component analysis bi-plot analysis showed a total variation of 68.96%, where GFY, stem weight per plant, panicle length and dry matter yield (DMY) contributed significantly. From the experimental results, three sorghum genotypes viz., IG-03-424, IG-01-436 and IG-03-438 were identified as promising for higher GFY (808.66 g/plant) and DMY (238.0 g/plant), respectively. Further, based on disease reactions under natural condition, five genotypes viz., EC-512397, EC512393, EC512394, EC512399 and IG-02-437 were identified as potential donor for resistance to ZLS disease. These selected lines could be used as promising sources for high biomass and disease resistance in forage sorghum breeding programme.
Varieties of State-Building: Ecology, Clientelism, and Bureaucratic Rule in Chile
Authors: Véjares Maximiliano
Published: March 2024

Current research suggests that all states share a perpetual appetite for extraction and standardization. However, this research overlooks the fact that subnational regions present different appeals and challenges to ruling coalitions. While states seek to extend bureaucratic rule over peripheries with valuable assets and favorable geography, they might instead seek to preserve local patrimonial bastions when those areas offer substantial electoral support. In turn, these strategies lead to broad subnational heterogeneity in the reach of the state. This paper focuses on regions’ ecological, military, and clientelistic features to explain local trajectories of bureaucratic rule and country-level state capacity. Empirically, I examine Chile, a successful case of capacity-building in Latin America. Prompted by a fiscal crisis in the mid-1850s, Chile’s central government launched state-building projects to offset its budgetary deficit. Using GIS and original data from censuses, budgets, and other primary sources, I show that Chile’s ruling coalition paradoxically modernized the country’s peripheries while deepening its own traditionalism. These results challenge prevailing narratives about the projection of political authority and Chile’s territorial uniformity.
“Sticking together while standing one's own ground”: The meanings of solidarity in humanitarian action
Authors: Lloydd Marnie
Published: March 2024

The notion of solidarity, although not new to the humanitarian sector, has re-emerged in recent discussions about effective and ethical humanitarian action, particularly in contexts such as Ukraine and Myanmar where the traditional humanitarian principles have been facing certain pressures. Because solidarity appears as a good but can also involve selectivity and privilege, and because it risks continued militarism and normalization of civilians participating within that militarism, the notion of solidarity merits rich and rigorous thinking. This article explores how the notion of solidarity is being utilized by those currently re-emphasizing its importance and what it might mean in practice in today's humanitarian contexts. The article argues that if solidary action involves not only a political stance but solidary working methods, the recent calls for solidarity demand respect for the variety of principles and practices within the humanitarian ecosystem, while nevertheless upholding mutual obligations owed within that professional community – that is, within careful limits as to what is considered humanitarian action.
Prediction of Tsunami Alert Levels Using Deep Learning
Authors: de la Asunción M.
Published: March 2024

Tsunami simulations require powerful computational resources to be performed efficiently. Although the modern graphics processing units (GPUs) allow the acceleration of this kind of simulations, they can still last many minutes or even hours for simulations which have to deal with very high spatial resolutions or simulation times. In this paper, we propose a method to predict the alert or inundation level of a tsunami generated by an earthquake using deep learning methods. In particular, we train multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks for predicting the alert level due to a tsunami at given coastal locations. Ensemble methods are used to improve the predictions of the neural networks. Tsunamis caused by ruptures of several fault segments at different time instants, application to real events, probabilistic forecasting and comparison with other machine learning algorithms are also addressed. Results on realistic scenarios confirm that good accuracies are obtained. The inference times of the trained networks and ensembles are also very low, lasting less than one second to predict the results of thousands of simulations. The proposed method could be used in a tsunami early warning system along with the application of scaling laws.
Induced Polarization of Clayey Rocks and Soils: Non‐Linear Complex Conductivity Models
Authors: Qi Youzheng , Wu Yuxin
Published: March 2024

The past decades have witnessed the increased applications of induced polarization (IP) method in the critical zone studies with ubiquitous clay minerals. Although IP outperforms traditional electrical and electromagnetic methods through its unique ability to measure quadrature conductivity, the nonlinearity that quadrature conductivity behaves with salinities and frequencies greatly tortures IP practitioners, as (a) salinity‐dependency makes the quadrature conductivity a varyingly unstable parameter to quantitatively estimate hydraulic properties and clay content; (b) frequency‐dependent Cole‐Cole and Debye/Warburg decomposition models, although mathematically sound, physically mingle the properties of pore water and clay minerals and are empirical in nature. From basic principles, we demonstrate that quadrature conductivity remains a hybrid property involving both clay and water, and develop relevant models to distinguish them. Our models are validated by theories, experiments, simulations, and comparisons, all of which proclaim considerable advantages over previous models and offer the prospect of quantitative applications.
Potential Impacts of Winter Arctic Sea Ice on Subsequent Spring Thermal Condition Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yu Wei , Yang Song , Liu Yimin , Wang Ziqian , Chen Dake , Xu Lianlian , Zhang Tuantuan
Published: March 2024

Spring thermal forcing over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is largely determined by surface sensible heating (SSH), which is an important fuel for atmospheric circulations over subtropics and even the globe. However, insufficient efforts were devoted on exploring the potential influencing factors of spring TP's SSH. In the current study, observational analysis and model results confirm that the sea ice concentration in the north of Greenland can act as a precursor. Specifically, the winter shrinkage of the sea ice concentration can stimulate a meridional Rossby wave train, with a remarkable positive‐negative‐positive pattern of geopotential height anomalies controlling the Arctic, western Eurasia, and the southeastern Mediterranean, respectively. This teleconnection is equivalent barotropic in the whole troposphere, which shifts southeastward from winter to spring, with a significant anomalous anticyclone and increased geopotential height dominating the western TP in spring. The surface northeasterly anomalies in the southeastern flank of the anticyclone decrease the climatological westerlies and weaken the SSH over the central‐southern TP. Existing literature mainly focused on the Arctic‐TP relationship in autumn and winter. Our finding can not only provide a new insight onto the variation of spring thermal condition over the TP, but also deepen our knowledge of cross‐seasonal relationships between the Arctic and the TP with similar snow‐ice albedo feedback.
Rains and Showers in OTREC; Weak Temperature Gradient Modeling
Authors: Raymond D. J. , Stone Ž. , Sentić S.
Published: March 2024

Rainfall in the tropics has been shown to be produced either by isolated but intense convective systems (showers regime) or widespread but weaker systems (rains regime). We examine significant rainfall systems observed in the OTREC project (Organization of Tropical East Pacific Convection) in order to tease out the physical mechanisms differentiating these two regimes. We find that rains occur in very moist environments, typically with weak conditional instability. In contrast, showers develop in drier environments with larger instability. Spectral weak temperature gradient numerical calculations show that showers are associated with episodic rainfall separated by significant quiescent periods, whereas rains produce continuous simulated rainfall after a spinup period. Mass flux profiles of showers and rains are very different, resulting in different effects on the large scale environment.
DMRTA2 supports glioma stem-cell mediated neovascularization in glioblastoma
Authors: Maleszewska Marta , Wojnicki Kamil , Mieczkowski Jakub , Król Sylwia K. , Jacek Karol , Śmiech Magdalena , Kocyk Marta , Ciechomska Iwona A. , Bujko Mateusz , Siedlecki Janusz , Kotulska Katarzyna , Grajkowska Wiesława , Zawadzka Małgorzata , Kaminska Bozena
Published: March 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults. Due to its fast proliferation, diffusive growth and therapy resistance survival times are less than two years for patients with IDH-wildtype GBM. GBM is noted for the considerable cellular heterogeneity, high stemness indices and abundance of the glioma stem-like cells known to support tumor progression, therapeutic resistance and recurrence. Doublesex- and mab-3–related transcription factor a2 (DMRTA2) is involved in maintaining neural progenitor cells (NPC) in the cell cycle and its overexpression suppresses NPC differentiation. Despite the reports showing that primary GBM originates from transformed neural stem/progenitors cells, the role of DMRTA2 in gliomagenesis has not been elucidated so far. Here we show the upregulation of DMRTA2 expression in malignant gliomas. Immunohistochemical staining showed the protein concentrated in small cells with high proliferative potential and cells localized around blood vessels, where it colocalizes with pericyte-specific markers. Knock-down of DMRTA2 in human glioma cells impairs proliferation but not viability of the cells, and affects the formation of the tumor spheres, as evidenced by strong decrease in the number and size of spheres in in vitro cultures. Moreover, the knockdown of DMRTA2 in glioma spheres affects the stabilization of the glioma stem-like cell-dependent tube formation in an in vitro angiogenesis assay. We conclude that DMRTA2 is a new player in gliomagenesis and tumor neovascularization and due to its high expression in malignant gliomas could be a biomarker and potential target for new therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma.
A universal molecular control for DNA, mRNA and protein expression
Authors: Gunter Helen M. , Youlten Scott E. , Reis Andre L. M. , McCubbin Tim , Madala Bindu Swapna , Wong Ted , Stevanovski Igor , Cipponi Arcadi , Deveson Ira W. , Santini Nadia S. , Kummerfeld Sarah , Croucher Peter I. , Marcellin Esteban , Mercer Tim R.
Published: March 2024

The expression of genes encompasses their transcription into mRNA followed by translation into protein. In recent years, next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry methods have profiled DNA, RNA and protein abundance in cells. However, there are currently no reference standards that are compatible across these genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic methods, and provide an integrated measure of gene expression. Here, we use synthetic biology principles to engineer a multi-omics control, termed pREF, that can act as a universal molecular standard for next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry methods. The pREF sequence encodes 21 synthetic genes that can be in vitro transcribed into spike-in mRNA controls, and in vitro translated to generate matched protein controls. The synthetic genes provide qualitative controls that can measure sensitivity and quantitative accuracy of DNA, RNA and peptide detection. We demonstrate the use of pREF in metagenome DNA sequencing and RNA sequencing experiments and evaluate the quantification of proteins using mass spectrometry. Unlike previous spike-in controls, pREF can be independently propagated and the synthetic mRNA and protein controls can be sustainably prepared by recipient laboratories using common molecular biology techniques. Together, this provides a universal synthetic standard able to integrate genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic methods.