bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endogenous CD4+ T Cells That Recognize ALK and the NPM1::ALK Fusion Protein Can Be Expanded from Human Peripheral Blood
Authors: Stadler Serena , Blasco Rafael B. , Singh Vijay Kumar , Damm-Welk Christine , Ben-Hamza Amin , Welters Carlotta , Hansmann Leo , Chiarle Roberto , Woessmann Wilhelm
Published: January 2025

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion proteins resulting from chromosomal rearrangements are promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Although ALK-specific CD8+ T cells and epitopes presented on MHC class I have been identified in patients with ALK-positive malignancies, little is known about ALK-specific CD4+ T cells. We screened peripheral blood of 10 patients with ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in remission and six healthy donors for CD4+ T-cell responses to the whole ALK fusion protein, nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1)::ALK. ALK-specific CD4+ T cells were detected in 15 individuals after stimulation with autologous dendritic cells pulsed with long-overlapping ALK peptide pools. CD4+ T-cell epitopes were predominantly located within three specific regions (p102-188, p257-356, and p593-680) in the ALK portion of the fusion protein. We detected CD4+ T cells in one patient that recognized the NPM1::ALK fusion neoepitope and identified a corresponding T-cell receptor (TCR) by TCRαβ single-cell sequencing. The NPM1::ALK fusion–specific TCR was HLA-DR13–restricted and conferred antigen specificity when expressed in a TCR− reporter cell line (58α−β−). Together, our data provide evidence of ALK-specific CD4+ T cells in human peripheral blood, describe target epitopes in patients, and support the consideration of CD4+ T cells in the development of ALK-specific immunotherapies.
Figure 7 from Claudin-4 Stabilizes the Genome via Nuclear and Cell-Cycle Remodeling to Support Ovarian Cancer Cell Survival
Authors: Villagomez Fabian R. , Lang Julie , Nunez-Avellaneda Daniel , Behbakht Kian , Dimmick Hannah L. , Webb Patricia G. , Nephew Kenneth P. , Neville Margaret , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Bitler Benjamin G.
Published: January 2025

Cellular stress response evaluation in ovarian tumor cells treated with olaparib, FSK, and CMP. Ovarian tumor cells were treated with a tripartite combination of olaparib (600 nmol/L), FSK (5 µmol/L), and CMP (400 µmol/L) for 4 hours to analyze ROS as well as a reporter gene for HIF-1α via flow cytometry. The same cells were treated similarly for 96 hours and then stained using immunofluorescence to mark lamin B1. ROS generation is indicated as normalization relative median of OVCAR8 WT, OVCA429 WT, and OVCAR3 WT cells without treatment (A; two independent experiments; unpaired t test, red rectangle; one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test, P < 0.05). Reported HIF-1α is indicated as normalization relative median of OVCAR8 WT, OVCA429 WT, and OVCAR3 WT cells without treatment (B; three independent experiments; unpaired t test; one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparison test, P < 0.05). C and D, Confocal images showing HIF-1α during claudin-4 (CLDN4) overexpression in OVCAR8 cells treated or not as indicated above at 96 hours. E and F, Confocal images showing HIF-1α during claudin-4 downregulation in OVCA429 cells treated or not as indicated above at 96 hours. G and H, Confocal images showing HIF-1α during claudin-4 downregulation in OVCAR3 cells treated or not as indicated above at 96 hours. Graphs show the median with 95% CI. Scale bar, 10 µm. CI, confidence interval; KD, knockdown; Veh, vehicle.
Efficacy and Safety of Specific Immunotherapy Combined with Biologics in Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guan Dayu , Liu Yijun , Gu Yue , Zheng Bowen , Sun Rong , Shen Yang , Yang Yucheng
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Allergic diseases are common clinical diseases. Although allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) and biologics have been widely recognized, the clinical efficacy, safety, advantages and disadvantages of the combined application have not yet been sufficiently recognized. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of AIT combined with biologics in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were systematically searched to identify RCTs investigating AIT combined with biologics for treating allergic rhinitis and asthma. The relevant outcome indicators, including incidences of emergency drugs use, severe nasal symptoms, severe adverse effects (AEs), local reactions at the site of administration, headache, and general AEs, were collected and extracted. Routine and network meta-analyses were conducted using RevMan-5.4 and STATA-MP-14 to assess efficacy and safety. Results: Eight RCTs and a retrospective study involving 1494 patients aged 5 to 65 years with allergic rhinitis and asthma were included in this review. ① Routine meta-analysis revealed that AIT combined with biologics was significantly better than control treatment (placebo, AIT or biologics) in terms of the incidence of emergency drugs use, severe nasal symptoms, and severe AEs (P=0.0002; P=0.01; P=0.02). However, the differences in the incidence of local reactions at the site of administration, headache and general AEs were not significant. ② In the network meta-analysis, compared with AIT or placebo alone, AIT combined with biologics observably reduced the incidence of emergency drugs use and severe nasal symptoms (OR=0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.73; OR=0.41, 95% CI 0.26–0.63). Furthermore, AIT combined with biologics yielded an evidently lower incidence of serious adverse reactions than AIT alone (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.23–0.74). Conclusion: The combined application of AIT and biologics has promising prospects in the clinical treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma due to the improvement of both clinical efficacy and safety. Trial Registration: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION (PROSPERO #CRD42024496277)
Peripheral Retinal Ischemia and Secondary Neovascular Glaucoma after Cerclage for Retinal Detachment: A Case Report
Authors: Menna Feliciana , Menke Marcel , Tschopp Markus
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Various surgical techniques, including 360° buckling surgery with a retinal cerclage, have been employed to achieve retinal reattachment. Although retinal cerclage is generally effective, long-term complications can arise. Peripheral retinal ischemia and secondary neovascular glaucoma are rare, but serious complications can occur even years after successful retinal reattachment. Case Presentation: We report a rare case of a 79-year-old woman who underwent 360° buckling surgery with cerclage for retinal detachment 10 years ago. Although the initial surgery successfully reattached the retina, she later developed a complication characterized by peripheral retinal ischemia and secondary neovascular glaucoma. Conclusion: Early detection and prompt management of such complications are crucial to prevent irreversible visual impairment.
Long-Term and Sustained Remission of Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with Large Chest Wall Lesions after Transient Chemoimmunotherapy: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Chanjuan , Pang Xiaonan , Zhang Mingjun , Li Fanfan , Zhang Wanying , Chen Wei
Published: January 2025

Introduction: We report a case of advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with special clinical manifestations, in which a durable remission was achieved after short-term administration of toripalimab combined with chemotherapy. The progress, advantages, and unique experience of chemoimmunotherapy in TNBC were examined. Case Presentation: A patient with TNBC with local recurrence 2 years following surgery, with inoperable large chest wall lesions and positive PD-L1 as the main manifestations, was treated with toripalimab plus paclitaxel (albumin-bound) for 5 months and achieved a partial remission. Twenty-five months after the discontinuation of treatment, the chest wall lesions exhibited a slow but continuous decline, until they achieved a nearly complete remission; however, the patient eventually died from cancer progression. Conclusion: Typically, chest wall recurrence in TNBC has a poor prognosis; however, recurrence was rapidly controlled, sustained remission was achieved after immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy, and the curative effect continued after drug withdrawal, which is a rare occurrence. Thus, the tailing effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors was confirmed in the treatment of TNBC.
Pre-orchiectomy semen analysis in patients with testicular germ cell tumours and comparison with healthy men and with patients with other malignancies
Authors: Ruf Christian Guido , Hochmuth-Tisch Johanna , Salzbrunn Andrea , Matthies Cord , Cordes Tim , von Kopylow Kathrein , Wülfing Christian , Pichlmeier Uwe , Soave Armin , Dieckmann Klaus-Peter
Published: January 2025

Purpose Subfertility is a well-known aftermath of treatment of testicular germ cell tumours (GCTs). Growing evidence suggests reduced semen quality also before therapy. The present study aimed to evaluate pre-orchiectomy semen parameters in GCT patients and to compare the results with controls.
Methods GCT patients providing semen for cryopreservation before orchiectomy during 2012 - 2023 were retrospectively enrolled (TT cohort). Controls consisted of healthy volunteers for sperm donation (HD), and of patients with other malignancies (OM). The following parameters were recorded in each participant: ejaculate volume (EV; ml), total sperm count in ejaculate (TSC), and proportion of progressive motility (PM) (%). Descriptive statistical methods were used to compare the 3 populations with each other.
Results A total of 664 subjects were included, thereof 163 TT, 289 HD, and 212 OM. Median ejaculate volume was 3.0 ml, 3.5 ml, and 3.4 ml; median TSC was 56.9 x106, 207 x106, and 152 x106; median PM was 40%, 40.2%, and 43% in TT, HD, and OM, respectively. TSC, EV and several secondary parameters of semen quality observed in TT were significantly worse than those in the two control cohorts. HD and OM were within normal limits with regard to TSC and PM and were different in only a few secondary parameters.
Conclusion
This study confirmed significantly lower pre-orchiectomy semen quality in GCT patients in comparison to healthy males and to patients with other malignancies. Subfertility is an intrinsic feature of GCT preceding treatment that needs to be considered by care-givers.
Prevalence of depression three years before and three years after obesity surgery: Sex-stratified case-control study using German health insurance claims data between 2009 and 2015
Authors: Epping Jelena , Müller Astrid , Mond Lieselotte , de Zwaan Martina
Published: January 2025

Background: Obesity shows significant association with depression elevating morbidity burden. Obesity surgery (OS) has been proven as an effective therapy reducing weight as well as depression prevalence rates, though the latter decrease appears to be unstable over time. For a better interpretation of the time trend, data on depression prevalence in OS-patients for the period before the surgery are needed. Furthermore, sex-stratified analyses can reveal potentials for improvements in mental health care in OS-patients.
Methods: Claims data from a German statutory health insurance provider were used for the estimation of depression prevalence in patients who underwent obesity surgery in 2012 (n=340) and controls with (CGO) and without a diagnosis of obesity (CG; n=1700 each). The controls were matched to OS-patients regarding sex, age and insurance type. Sex-stratified depression prevalence was calculated between 2009 and 2015.
Results: Overall, depression rates were higher in women than in men and increased from 2009 to 2015. Depression prevalence rates differed significantly between female OS-patients and controls in every year analyzed, e.g. in 2012: 39.4% in OS (95% CI: 33.4%-45.5%) vs. 19.8% in CGO (17.6%-22.0%) and 15.4% in CG (13.4%-17.4%). In men, no significant differences between OS-patients and controls could be observed at any time. After OS, depression prevalence rates dropped in women, then gradually increased until 2015. Also in male OS-patients, depression prevalence decreased in the year after OS and increased in the following years. In both sexes, the prevalence rates in 2015 did not significantly differ from the rates in 2012 (year of OS).
Conclusions: We found a decrease of depression prevalence rates in the first year after OS in both sexes followed by an increase in the subsequent 2 years. OS appears to have a short-term effect on the prevalence rates of depression followed by a subsequent increase paralleling the increase over time found in the non-OS control groups. Due to the sex-stratified approach, differential results in the comparison of depression prevalence between OS-patients and controls became apparent. Depression prevalence was significantly increased three years before and after OS compared to controls in women, but not in men. Measures to perpetuate the decrease in depression prevalence rates after OS should be implemented during post-operative treatment.
Mobile application for reporting animal abuse
Authors: Wolf Larissa Rachel , Piva Fabio , Garcia Rita de Cassia Maria
Published: January 2025

The growing concern for animal welfare and rights underscores the importance of institutions dedicated to combating crimes against animals. As society becomes more aware of the ethical treatment of animals, these institutions play a crucial role in enforcing laws, raising awareness, and promoting animal welfare. Aiming to create a tool that helps in the registration and diagnosis of cases of animal abuse, the purpose of this work was to develop an application that can be used by agencies that act fighting crimes against fauna. Thus, the Federal University of Parana signed a contract with the company Scipet Soluções de Inovação Tecnológica LTDA, to develop an application that can be used in the monitoring of reports of animal abuse. The application “Denúncia Animal” was developed in the year 2021 and has features both for the registration of occurrences, including data from the complaint and data from the animal victim, and for the diagnosis of abuse based on the “Protocol for expert report on animal welfare in case of companion animal cruelty suspicion” (Hammerschmidt & Molento, 2014), the integration of a photographic record of animals and documentation generated during inspections can significantly enhance the efficiency of inspection. The application is in the initial phase of testing by municipal enforcement agencies and its use provides these agencies convenience for recording information at the time of inspections and organization of data relating to reports of cases of abuse on a single platform, which may allow centralization of all data on crimes against fauna in a single database, enabling both municipal and state agencies to act in an integrated manner can lead to increased efficiency and effectiveness in public administration.
Dança e música na Índia antiga: uma abordagem decolonial da materialidade através do Nāṭyaśāstra
Authors: Santos Thaisa Martins Coelho dos
Published: January 2025

In this article we investigate music and dance in ancient India based on the materiality and knowledge provided by Nāṭyaśāstra. We aim to develop an approach that reflects on the performative aspects of materiality, using concepts from classical Indian performing arts for its interpretation. We engage with decolonial criticism to construct a method that causes an epistemological and referential shift in the production of knowledge in archaeology in the Indian context. In this sense, we have Mignolo (2008), Chen (2010) and de Freitas (2016) as theoretical references. The method developed is structured in three stages, namely: analysis of the body structures of the representation, referential analysis of the Nāṭyaśāstra and Interpretation. We use three case studies with scenarios where dance and music are the subject of materiality, dance and music are the context of material production and where there is no direct connection between dance and music and materiality. Thus, as a result, we highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method, exposing how the use of Nāṭyaśāstra for archaeological and archaeomusicological analysis and interpretation opens us to interpretations anchored in an imaginary specific to Indian culture.
Relatos históricos dos séculos XVIII e XIX: povos indígenas e plantas nas margens do Alto Rio Tapajós
Authors: Pinheiro Natálya Cristiana Pereira
Published: January 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo aprofundar a análise das referências históricas compreendidas entre os séculos XVIII e XIX, explorando as espécies botânicas e práticas agroecológicas dos povos indígenas na região do Alto Rio Tapajós. Busca-se estabelecer um diálogo entre a etnohistória, etnobotânica e arqueologia, visando contribuir para a compreensão da construção de florestas culturais ao longo do rio Tapajós. Utilizando como base exemplos de povos do Tronco Tupi (Apiaká, Kaiabi, Munduruku e Sateré-Mawé), este estudo se propõe a examinar as complexas relações entre comunidades indígenas e a agrobiodiversidade, evidenciando a riqueza cultural e os sistemas de manejo antigo na região.
Comprehensive Non-invasive Versus Invasive Approach to Evaluate Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Heart Transplantation: The CCTA-HTx Study
Authors: Belmonte Marta , Paolisso Pasquale , Viscusi Michele Mattia , Beles Monika , Bergamaschi Luca , Sansonetti Angelo , Ohashi Hirofumi , Seki Ruiko , Gallinoro Emanuele , Esposito Giuseppe , Shumkova Monika , Leone Attilio , Masetti Marco , Barbato Emanuele , Verstreken Sofie , Dierckx Riet , Heggermont Ward , Van Keer Jan , Potena Luciano , Pizzi Carmine , Bartunek Jozeph , Vanderheyden Marc
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is emerging as a valuable tool for noninvasive surveillance of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in patients with heart transplant (HTx). We assessed the diagnostic performance of a comprehensive CCTA-based approach compared with the invasive reference, which includes invasive coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and fractional flow reserve, for detecting CAV.

METHODS:

This was a multicenter prospective study including 37 patients with HTx who underwent CCTA, invasive coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, and fractional flow reserve. The comprehensive CCTA-based approach included quantitative and qualitative plaque analysis and functional assessment by fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography. CAV was diagnosed based on invasive coronary angiography (International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation criteria) and intravascular ultrasound. Univariable logistic regression analysis was performed to test CCTA-derived predictors of CAV. The area under the curve and accuracy indicators were calculated to evaluate the performance and best cutoffs of CCTA predictors of CAV.

RESULTS:

The median interval between CCTA and HTx was 5 years. Among the 37 recipients, 23 (62.2%) were diagnosed with CAV. The integration of diameter stenosis and plaque morphology (including plaque burden at minimum lumen area >42% and percent atheroma volume >23%) at CCTA yielded the highest diagnostic performance (accuracy, 84%; sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 86%). The integration of ∆fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography trans-vessel gradient led to increased sensitivity, albeit with decreased specificity and overall accuracy. The noninvasive approach was associated with a lower contrast and radiation dose, compared with the invasive approach.

CONCLUSIONS:

A noninvasive strategy based on CCTA is accurate for managing patients with HTx. CCTA might be considered the preferred imaging modality for annual CAV surveillance after the first year post-HTx.
Dos or Pretium?
Authors: Morelli Ettore
Published: January 2025

During the nineteenth century European missionaries harshly criticised several core components of the African societies they attempted to evangelise, including marriage practices. When bridewealth was involved, marriage was often likened to forms of slavery. However, there were exceptions. This article studies the previously unknown intervention of the Roman Inquisition on the 1867 proposal by the Catholic vicar of Natal in southern Africa to consider marriage as practiced in the kingdom of Lesotho, which included bridewealth, ‘licit’ and acceptable in Catholic rite. By looking in detail at the sources available, the article reconstructs the different positions of three Catholic clergymen on the matter, relates them to the political situation of Lesotho facing colonialism and with the debate within the Catholic Church in the international context of nineteenth-century abolitionism. It thus offers a reflection on the global and local tangle of contradictions and resistances surrounding the status and liberties of women in marriage.
Revealing the identity of Josa chazaliae (Simon, 1897) (Araneae: Anyphaenidae): new species and the highest altitude record for a spider in South America
Authors: MARTÍNEZ LEONEL , KOCHALKA JOHN A. , CABRA-GARCIA JIMMY , RAMÍREZ MARTIN
Published: January 2025

We examined the type series of Josa chazaliae (Simon, 1897) from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, composed of three females of two different species. Herein, we propose a lectotype for Josa chazaliae, redescribe the female, and describe the male of this species for the first time. A new species, Josa samaria sp. nov., is proposed based on a female paralectotype of Josa chazaliae. Three additional species, all based on both sexes are described: Josa nadineae sp. nov., Josa berlandi sp. nov., and Josa olimpica sp. nov. All species studied in this work occur in Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, the highest coastal mountain system in the world. We compared our geographical data with the records of spiders available in GBIF, the MACN-Ar database along with unpublished records for the described Josa species. The results indicate that the presence of Josa olimpica at altitudes of at least 5500 masl represents the highest record for a spider in South America, and apparently the highest record for any spider in the Western Hemisphere.
Intestinal helminths of bats in the States of Nayarit and Veracruz, Mexico, with redescription of Bidigiticauda vivipara Chitwood
Authors: MOGUEL-CHIN WILSON I. , DIGIANI MARÍA CELINA , G. M. CRISTINA MACSWINEY , ORTEGA JORGE , OSPINA-GARCÉS SANDRA M. , GARCÍA-PRIETO LUIS , CANCHÉ-POOL ELSY B. , ROBLES MARÍA DEL ROSARIO , ÁVILA-LÓPEZ MARIANA B. , CHAN-CASANOVA ANYELA JACKELIN , PANTI-MAY JESÚS ALONSO
Published: January 2025

Although surveys on bat parasites in the Americas have been conducted, information on helminths remains limited. In Mexican states such as Nayarit and Veracruz only 1 and 8 helminth species have been reported in bats, respectively. In this study, we provide new helminthological records for bats using morphological techniques. Also, the 28S rRNA gene of specimens from several helminth taxa was successfully amplified and sequenced. To confirm the identification at the generic level, and in some cases at the specific level, and the genealogical relationships of the parasites, we performed the phylogenetic analyses using the new 28S rRNA sequences. From March to May 2022, 16 bats of 10 species are captured and examined for helminths. Three bat species of two families, two Vespertillionidae (Bauerus dubiaquercus and Rhogeessa parvula) and one Phyllostomidae (Glossophaga mutica), are parasitized by helminths. Seven helminth taxa are morphologically identified: the trematodes Urotrema scabridum and Anenterotrema cf. hastati, the cestodes Vampirolepis macroti, Vampirolepis sp. (1), and Vampirolepis sp. (2), and the nematodes Bidigiticauda vivipara and Capillariidae gen. sp. The first helminthological records for R. parvula and B. dubiaquercus and the 28S rRNA gene data of B. vivipara, V. macroti, and Vampirolepis spp. are provided. The findings of the present study increase the number of helminth taxa recorded in Mexican bats from 78 to 79, as well as the number of bat species with helminthological records from 35 to 37.
A new species of Microhyla (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae), with an extended description of Microhyla nanapollexa from Vietnam
Authors: HOANG CHUNG VAN , PHAM CUONG THE , NGUYEN TRUONG QUANG , PHAN TIEN QUANG , ZIEGLER THOMAS , ORLOV NIKOLAI , JIANG JIANPING , DO DANG TRONG
Published: January 2025

Based on morphological and molecular evidences, we describe a new species of Microhyla (Nanohyla) from Deo Ca Mountain in Vietnam. The new species differs from congeners by high genetic divergences in 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA sequences (9.31–11.28 %), surpassing known genetic distances between other recognized species of the subgenus Nanohyla. The new species revealed to be sister to M. nanapollexa from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam. Based on new findings of the latter species, including the first known males, we provide an extended diagnosis of M. nanapollexa including the first record from Kon Tum Province, Vietnam.
Recurring crises, resilient workers? Biographical-relational resources in worker livelihoods
Authors: Varga Mihai , Percă Diana
Published: January 2025

The impact of shocks and crises on workers and workers’ crisis coping strategies are issues of global concern and have generated a rich literature on resilience and sustainable livelihoods. Drawing on insights from social reproduction theory and biographical-narrative research, we draw lessons for the resilience literature from the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on workers in a high-outmigration area of Eastern Europe. The area had some of the highest mortality and lowest vaccination rates in the European Union and is heavily dependent on remittances from work in German, Italian, and British agriculture, construction, and cleaning and care services. We use biographical interviews to show how respondents’ coping capacity builds on previous experiences of crisis and on social relationships and care arrangements at work and home, which are both sources of support and vulnerability; and we discuss why young workers in sectors deemed ‘essential’ during the pandemic were particularly vulnerable. By showing how care arrangements translate into both support and pressure, our findings speak to global debates about resilience and its costs for workers in high migration areas and beyond.
The gendered impacts of ridesharing in Brazil
Authors: Nazareno Luísa
Published: January 2025

Ridesharing gained popularity as a flexible and readily available job option. However, limited research has focused on the gendered impacts of this new model on a large scale. In theory, ridesharing could disproportionately attract women, as they often take flexible work to balance family responsibilities. However, the driver occupation is historically male-dominated, and women need to overcome cultural barriers to join ridesharing. This article leverages the staggered entry of Uber in Brazilian cities to examine gender variations in responses to ridesharing. Overall, the results identify important gender nuances. There was a noticeable increase in the number of female drivers, although men still dominate the occupation. Gender differences in hours of work and earnings have decreased, mainly due to reductions experienced by men. The presence of children in the household is a key determinant of which women become drivers but has less impact on men. For instance, mothers of young children (aged 0–6) were not significantly attracted to ridesharing, but mothers of older children and childless women were. Safety concerns remain a significant barrier to women, and the level of gender violence in cities is negatively associated with women's probability of being a driver.
Lurker: Backdoor attack-based explainable rumor detection on online media
Authors: Lin Yao , Xue Wenhui , Bai Congrui , Li Jing , Yin Xiaoyan , Wu Chase Q
Published: January 2025

Because of their proficiency in capturing the category characteristics of graphs, graph neural networks have shown remarkable advantages for graph-level classification tasks, that is, rumor detection and anomaly detection. Due to the manipulation of special means (e.g. bots) on online media, rumors may spread across the whole network at an overwhelming speed. Compared with normal information, popular rumors usually have a special propagation structure, especially in the early stage of information dissemination. More specifically, the special propagation structure determines whether rumors can be spread successfully. Namely, online users and their interaction that constitute the special propagation structure play a key role in the spread of rumors. Therefore, the problem of rumor detection can be transformed into detecting the existence of a special propagation structure. Inspired by backdoor attacks, we propose an interpretable rumor detection algorithm based on backdoor. Firstly, based on causal analysis, the causal sub-graph that determines the category of the graph (rumor vs. normal information) is obtained, that is, the critical online users in the rumor spreading effect are found, and then the specific propagation structure is explored. Finally, the special propagation structure is planted into the rumor detection model as a trigger. Experimental results and performance analysis on three real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in the special propagation structure detection of rumors. Compared with two baselines, Lurker achieves up to 33.1% and 61.8% performance improvement in terms of attack success rate and clean accuracy drop.
Anger and Sexual Trauma: A Theological Reflection
Authors: Yih Caroline
Published: January 2025

The complex and multifaceted emotion of anger is a prevalently observed and appropriate response from those recovering from the trauma of sexual violence. However, despite the prevalence, anger has traditionally been perceived and rendered as a negative emotion or maladaptive symptom which needs to be denied, suppressed, or avoided. Hindrances to a timely and healthy communication of anger can lead to debilitating effects on the well-being of the survivors complicating the already treacherous journey of their recovery. Historically, women are subjected to more socially limiting constraints to suppress anger and this constrictive pressure is equally, if not more acutely, experienced by Christian women from the traditional theological rendering of the emotion. This is unfortunate, as church communities can be an especially powerful healing resource for Christian women survivors in their arduous journey of recovery. In this article, I will first examine the role of anger in the recovery from sexual trauma before turning to focus on the theological understanding of the emotion. Having clarified the theological understanding by reflecting on how anger has been portrayed and understood within the biblical texts, I will then explore how faith communities can become more hospitable and faithful places in supporting those struggling along the complex and challenging journey towards hope and healing.
The Inextricable Subject: The Meaning of Theological Ethics for Dealing with Sexualized Violence in Church Contexts
Authors: Wirth Mathias
Published: January 2025

Expert reports and studies have left the victims of church sexual abuse, in particular, but also church communities and the surrounding political and social entities dissatisfied. There is therefore a need to introduce a broader range of forms of reappraisal. In this context, adopting an ethical perspective can make a decisive contribution to addressing the problem of the prioritization of external perspectives, by introducing a programmatic approach to the subject that can be justified from the perspective of theological ethics. The unavoidability of the subject as a criterion for the so-called processing of sexual violence in ecclesiastical contexts will be justified here methodologically through an appeal to Reformed theology rooted in Zwingli. In this way, a broader theological consensus should be reached, as strong conceptions of the subject, as in liberal theology, are confronted with the problem of an excessively strong and not vulnerable position of the subject. A new, subject-oriented focus on individuals who have been the target of sexualized violence in church contexts entails a reversal of the previous way of looking at the vulnerability of sexual abuse and how a reappraisal might happen (if at all). The dominant practice so far has been for churches, investigating authorities, and researchers to address questions to victims of sexualized violence. However, there are specifically ethical reasons for adopting another, more subject-based perspective to at least the same extent. However, this has rarely been the case in practice.
Reinhold Niebuhr and the Epistemics of Tolerance
Authors: Shingleton Bradley
Published: January 2025

This article examines Reinhold Niebuhr’s understanding of tolerance as a response, in significant part, to the epistemic distortions that inhibit the self’s comprehension of truth. His concept of tolerance emphasizes its subjective dimension, and involves a recognition of tendencies of the self to favor its own preferences and perspectives. Acknowledgment of one’s preferential perspectives requires self-critical scrutiny in light of what Niebuhr sees as the paradoxical character of truth. While he proposes a provocative basis for tolerance that deserves renewed attention, he does not address some of its practical challenges, such as distinguishing the tolerable from the intolerable. Nevertheless, Niebuhr’s notion of tolerance contributes to a deepened understanding of its grounding in the capabilities and constraints of selfhood.
“Smoke on the Water”: Wildfire Smoke Impacts on Commercial River Recreation
Authors: Fery Paige , Rahman Shahriar Md Arifur , Hendrick Michala L , Zajchowski Chris A. B. , Rose Jeff
Published: January 2025

Wildland fire smoke contributes to unhealthy indexes of particulate matter that impact human health. Research continues to document the effect of poor air quality on outdoor recreation and nature-based tourism, however, less is known about the relationship between smoke and tourism operations. The purpose of this research was to understand lived experiences of wildland fire smoke within the context of commercial river recreation operations. We interviewed commercial guides and outfitters ( n = 26) across the State of Idaho. Data were first inductively analyzed, then, based on preliminary results, the Triple Bottom Line sustainability framework was applied to describe social, environmental, and economic impacts. Operational strategies and future needs to respond to wildland fire smoke in this setting are discussed with attention to ecosystem service elasticity as a theoretical frame explaining this and other emergent phenomena in a changing climate.
“The Whole Structure Is Knackered, It Could Still Explode, It Really Could”: A Mixed Methods Study of Initiatives to Increase General Practitioner Prescribing in an Opioid Dependence Treatment Program from 1970 to 2022 in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Wilson Hester , Harris Roxas Ben , Lintzeris Nicholas , Harris Mark
Published: January 2025

Opioid dependence is a chronic health condition with significant public health implications. Opioid dependence treatment (ODT) has evolved considerably over time. In New South Wales, Australia, ODT prescribing has been available since 1970, managed by both state health services and private practitioners, mostly general practitioners (GPs). This study investigated how various health initiatives influenced GP engagement in ODT prescribing in New South Wales. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining document review, key informant interviews, and quantitative prescriber data analysis. Findings revealed a substantial increase in GPs prescribing ODT since the 1970s, with GPs providing care for half of the ODT-treated population by 2022. However, only a small percentage of GPs offered ODT, resulting in limited access and unmet treatment needs. The ODT structure remained vulnerable to potential disruptions in prescriber availability. These results highlight the complex interplay between policy initiatives and clinical practice in addressing opioid dependence. The study underscores the need for long-term, diverse strategies to improve ODT access and support GP involvement in providing comprehensive care for individuals with opioid dependence.
The Sociotechnical Life of a Shapeshifting Technology: The Bike Lift Trampe in Trondheim
Authors: Suboticki Ivana , Hopaneng Ingeborgrud Lina , Sørensen Knut H.
Published: January 2025

This article explores the idea that technologies may be considered shapeshifting as they move between and are domesticated in different social worlds. We employ a material-semiotic approach with a domestication and social worlds framework to study the case of Trampe, a bicycle lift built in Trondheim, Norway, in 1993. The study is based on interviews, observation, documents, and news media analysis. We show how the lift shifted shape: although originally intended as bicycling infrastructure, it became domesticated as a tourist attraction in the social world of tourists, and a symbol of the city's efforts to stimulate cycling in the social world of the local government. Trampe has remained the only bike lift in the world and would have been closed long ago due to maintenance costs, but its shapeshifting qualities have prolonged its sociotechnical life after its functional abilities were no longer sufficient. Our study suggests that more attention should be paid to these shapeshifting dynamics when analyzing technologies and their sociotechnical lives. Combining domestication theory with a social worlds perspective helps identify these shapeshifting features.
Synthesis and study of r-GO/polyaniline composite and design estimation for THz applications
Authors: Sharma Atul Kumar , Sharma Anup Kumar , Sharma Ritu
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effect of varying amounts of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the optical direct band gap of Polyaniline (PANI). The rGO/PANI composites (5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 20 mg) were synthesized via in-situ polymerization. SEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV-visible spectroscopy were employed to assess morphology, crystallinity, structure, and optical properties, respectively, and the Tauc-plot method to calculate band gaps. Results reveal strong interaction between rGO surface and PANI's quinoid rings. Electrical properties show significant enhancement, with the 20 mg rGO/PANI sample achieving conductivity of 1.3989 × 104 S/m and sheet resistance of 3.5742 × 102 Ω/sq. Band gap decreases from 4.17 eV (PANI) to 2.70 eV (20 mg rGO/PANI). The results were used to estimate the material suitability and design that can be used for terahertz study.
Association between cerebral oxygenation and usual parameters of cerebral perfusion in critically ill patients with acute brain injury
Authors: Ayasse Timothée , Gaugain Samuel , de Roquetaillade Charles , Hermans-Didier Alexis , Kindermans Manuel , Chousterman Benjamin G , Barthélémy Romain
Published: January 2025

In patients with acute brain injury (ABI), optimizing cerebral perfusion parameters relies on multimodal monitoring. This include data from systemic monitoring–mean arterial pressure (MAP), arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), hemoglobin levels (Hb), and temperature–as well as neurological monitoring–intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocities. We hypothesized that these parameters alone were not sufficient to assess the risk of cerebral ischemia. We conducted a retrospective, single-center study of patients admitted in our ICU between 2015 and 2021. Patients with ABI and multimodal neuromonitoring were included. ABI included traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. The relationship between jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2) and cerebral perfusion parameters was analyzed. Patients were categorized into two groups based on SjvO2, with a threshold of 60% used to define cerebral ischemia. We compared the parameters used to optimize cerebral perfusion between groups and their diagnosis accuracy for cerebral ischemia was evaluated. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the association between the guideline-recommended therapeutic targets and the risk of cerebral ischemia. 601 evaluations from 96 patients with simultaneous ICP, SjvO2 and TCD were analyzed. Poor relationships were found between SjvO2 and the parameters of cerebral perfusion. TCD flow velocities and PaCO2 were lower in the cerebral ischemia group while MAP, ICP and CPP were not different between groups. Most ischemic episodes occurred despite ICP < 22 mmHg and CPP ≥ 60 mmHg. For the diagnosis of cerebral ischemia, only TCD parameters and PaCO2 were associated with an area under the curve (AUC) > 0.5 but with a low accuracy. In multivariable analysis, the only guideline-recommended therapeutic target associated with a reduction of cerebral ischemia was a diastolic flow velocity (FV) > 20 cm.s−1.
Diagnostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging in autoimmune encephalitis: prognostic implications
Authors: Narayanan Nambiar Poornima , Manisha KY , Nandana Jayakumari , Menon Ramshekhar N , Vinayagamani S , Thomas Bejoy , Radhakrishnan Ashalatha
Published: January 2025

Background

The role of imaging in autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) remains unclear, and there are limited data on the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose, treat, or prognosticate AIE.

Purpose

To evaluate whether MRI is a diagnostic and prognostic marker for AIE and assess its efficacy in distinguishing between various AIE subtypes.

Material and Methods

We analyzed data from 96 AIE patients from our prospective autoimmune registry. MRI sequences examined were FLAIR, diffusion, SWI, T2WI, ASL, and contrast enhancement. Short-term outcomes were measured using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge; long-term outcomes were assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) at 6 months.

Results

MRI confirmed AIE in cases of new-onset seizures (82.1%, P < 0.001) and dementia (100%, P = 0.02). Antibody-negative AIE exhibited significant multifocal FLAIR abnormalities compared to antibody-positive cases ( P = 0.002). LGI1 and CASPR2 encephalitis frequently involved the mesial temporal region ( P = 0.004), while ASL revealed hyperperfusion of the contralateral basal ganglia in faciobrachial dystonic seizures ( P = 0.016). GAD65 encephalitis predominantly affected the cerebellum ( P = 0.002), and NMDA encephalitis showed contrast enhancement in five cases ( P = 0.045). MRI was not useful for predicting short-term outcomes but was associated with long-term outcomes; specifically, a normal MRI was linked to a better long-term outcome in 47.8% of patients ( P = 0.035), and resolution of abnormalities correlated with a favorable FIM score (>54) in 76.7% ( P = 0.016).

Conclusion

MRI is valuable for early detection of seizures or dementia as initial manifestations of AIE and for differentiating AIE subtypes. Follow-up MRI is significant in predicting long-term outcomes.
Scholar-led publishing and diamond open access: The professionalised role of libraries
Authors: Arning Ursula
Published: January 2025

Scholar-led publishing and diamond open access – also known as platinum open access – are two movements in which academic libraries increasingly feel they have a role to play. Some libraries even offer well-established publishing services based on these models, so this paper explores the differences and similarities between these two movements and give an overview on the discussions about publishing powered by public institutions versus publishing by commercial editorial companies.
Evidence-based Interventions for Youth With Concurrent Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders: A Scoping Review: Interventions fondées sur des données probantes pour les jeunes atteints de troubles concomitants de santé mentale et liés à l’usage de substances psychoactives : une étude de la portée
Authors: Marshall Tyler , Reeson Matthew , Loverock Alexandra , Lewis Ariana E. , King Ian , Ilyas Raffay , Dixon Celine Caruso , Viste Dylan , Azer Brandon , Chow Ethan , Safi Fahad , Kennedy Megan , Abba-Aji Adam , Greenshaw Andrew J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Mental health and substance use disorders typically onset during youth and commonly co-occur. Integrated treatment of two or more co-existing mental health and substance use disorders (i.e., concurrent disorders) is increasingly prevalent in real-world clinical settings. However, the depth of the evidence base on best practices remains unclear.

Objectives

This scoping review aimed to identify, map and summarize peer-reviewed studies of interventions for concurrent disorders in youth.

Methods

Six electronic health databases were systematically searched, in addition to a hand search of the reference lists of relevant systematic reviews. Only peer-reviewed studies of interventions treating concurrent disorders (i.e., simultaneous treatment of two or more disorders) in youth (10–29 years old) were eligible. Two independent reviewers conducted screening and data extraction. Results were charted according to studies employing pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

Results

Thirty peer-reviewed studies were included, 19 (63.3%) were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Most studies enrolled participants with an unspecified substance use disorder (n=17, 56.7%), while alcohol use was the primary substance use disorder in seven (23.3%) studies, followed by cannabis use disorder in six (20.0%) studies. Mood disorders (e.g., depression, dysthymia) were the most common concurrent mental health disorders comprising 15 (50%) studies, followed by nine (30.0%) studies of behavioural disorders (e.g., ADHD) and five (16.7%) studies of unspecified psychiatric disorders. Eighteen (60.0%) studies (n=1,699 participants) investigated the effectiveness of various non-pharmacological interventions, while 12 (40.0%) studies examined pharmacotherapies (n=765 participants).

Conclusion

Although several RCTs were identified, substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity was evident among the studies (e.g., patients with multiple disorders, and multi-faceted interventions). Smaller systematic reviews focused on specific interventions (e.g., behavioural therapies) and concurrent disorders (e.g., depression and substance use) may be warranted. Due to considerable heterogeneity, more RCTs are needed before conducting larger systematic reviews or meta-analyses.
The Importance and Psychometric Soundness of an Instrument to Measure Holistic Nursing in NP Care
Authors: Kinchen Elizabeth , Montoya Vicki
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose: The Nurse Practitioner Holistic Caring Instrument (NPHCI) is a 19-item, investigator-developed instrument designed to measure holistic caring in nurse practitioner (NP) practice. This paper evaluates multi-sample psychometric testing of the instrument, describing data from three samples, with analysis supporting the NPHCI as a valid and reliable instrument. Methods: The NPHCI has been administered in patient, NP program faculty, and NP convenience samples. Development of the NPHCI was guided by Shuler’s NP practice model and Swanson’s theory of caring. Construct validity was estimated using Interitem correlation, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability of the instrument was assessed in all three samples via Cronbach’s alpha. Findings: Exploratory factor analysis consistently supported the identification of three subscales in the NPHCI, and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a good fit between the theoretical constructs and empirical indicators in the data. The instrument has demonstrated strong reliability in three samples. Conclusions: The NPHCI demonstrates acceptable reliability and validity but further psychometric testing is indicated.