bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Calcium-Binding Heptapeptide from the Hydrolysate of Tilapia Bone with Its Osteogenic Activity
Authors: He Jinlun , Guo Hao , Zhang Mei , Wang Meng , Sun Liping , Zhuang Yongliang
Published: February 2022

In this study, a calcium-binding peptide was obtained by hydrolyzing tilapia bone and its osteogenic activity was evaluated. Animal protease was selected from nine enzymes, and its hydrolysate was purified through preparative and semi-preparative reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified peptide was identified as DGPSGPK (656.32 Da) and its calcium-binding capacity reached 111.98 µg/mg. The peptide calcium chelate (DGPSGPK-Ca) was obtained, and its structure was characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mass spectrometry (MS). The results of XRD and SEM showed that DGPSGPK-Ca was formed as a new compound. The carboxyl and amino groups of Lys and Asp residues may be the chelating sites of DGPSGPK according to the FTIR and MS results. The molecular simulation showed the carbonyl groups of Asp, Pro, Ser, and Lys residues involved in the binding of calcium. The interaction of DGPSGPK and different integrins was evaluated by molecular docking simulation, and the main forces involved were electrostatic interaction forces, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, DGPSGPK could inhibit the differentiation of osteoclast and promote the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts.
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Soy Protein Isolate-Sugar Beet Pectin Emulsion Gel and Its Application as a Multi-Phased Nutrient Carrier
Authors: Zhang Minghao , Yin Lijun , Yan Wenjia , Gao Chong , Jia Xin
Published: February 2022

Emulsion gel, a novel oral delivery carrier, provides the possibility to co-load hydrophilic and lipophilic nutrients simultaneously. In this study, duo-induction methods of laccase and glucono-δ-lactone (L&GDL) or laccase and transglutaminase (L&MTG) were used to prepare the soy protein isolate-sugar beet pectin (SPI-SBP) emulsion gel. The textural data of the emulsion gel was normalized to analyze the effect of different induction methods on the gel property of the SPI-SBP emulsion gels. The characterization studies showed the structure of L&MTG emulsion gel was denser with a lower swelling ratio and reduced degree of digestion, compared with L&GDL emulsion gel. Moreover, the release profiles of both β-carotene and riboflavin co-loaded in the SPI-SBP emulsion gels were correlated to the digestion patterns of the gel matrix; the controlled-release of encapsulated functional factors was regulated by a gel network induced by different induction methods, mainly due to the resulting porosity of the structure and swelling ratio during digestion. In conclusion, SPI-SBP emulsion gels have the capability of encapsulating multiple functional factors with different physicochemical properties.
Textural, Color and Sensory Features of Spelt Wholegrain Snack Enriched with Betaine
Authors: Kojić Jovana , Belović Miona , Krulj Jelena , Pezo Lato , Teslić Nemanja , Kojić Predrag , Tukuljac Lidija Peić , Šeregelj Vanja , Ilić Nebojša
Published: February 2022

The influence of different extrusion parameters, including screw speed (250–750 rpm), feed rate (15–25 kg/h) and feed moisture content (15–25%), on the textural and color properties of spelt wholegrain snack products produced on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with added betaine was investigated. In order to determine the relative influence of input variables in the artificial neural network (ANN) model, Yoon’s interpretation method was used, and it was concluded that feed moisture content has the greatest influence on L* values, while screw speed has the greatest influence on a* and b* values. The softest samples were obtained at the lowest moisture content. Sensory analysis was carried out on selected samples, and it showed that betaine addition did not intensify the bitter taste. The sample with the largest expansion exhibited the lowest hardness and chewiness before and after immersion in milk, and this sample is the most suitable for enrichment with betaine.
Gluten-Free Bread and Bakery Products Technology
Authors: Šmídová Zuzana , Rysová Jana
Published: February 2022

Gluten, a protein fraction from wheat, rye, barley, oats, their hybrids and derivatives, is very important in baking technology. The number of people suffering from gluten intolerance is growing worldwide, and at the same time, the need for foods suitable for a gluten-free diet is increasing. Bread and bakery products are an essential part of the daily diet. Therefore, new naturally gluten-free baking ingredients and new methods of processing traditional ingredients are sought. The study discusses the use of additives to replace gluten and ensure the stability and elasticity of the dough, to improve the nutritional quality and sensory properties of gluten-free bread. The current task is to extend the shelf life of gluten-free bread and bakery products and thus extend the possibility of its distribution in a fresh state. This work is also focused on various technological possibilities of gluten-free bread and the preparation of bakery products.
Modern Herbal Nanogels: Formulation, Delivery Methods, and Applications
Authors: Sindhu Rakesh K. , Gupta Rubal , Wadhera Gaurish , Kumar Pradeep
Published: February 2022

This study examined the most recent advancements in nanogel production and drug delivery. Phytochemistry is a discipline of chemistry that studies herbal compounds. Herbal substances have aided in the development of innovative remedies for a wide range of illnesses. Several of these compounds are forbidden from being used in medications due to broad medical characteristics and pharmacokinetics. A variety of new technical approaches have been investigated to ameliorate herbal discoveries in the pharmaceutical sector. The article focuses on the historical data for herb-related nanogels that are used to treat a variety of disorders with great patient compliance, delivery rate, and efficacy. Stimulus-responsive nanogels such as temperature responsive and pH-responsive systems are also discussed. Nanogel formulations, which have been hailed as promising targets for drug delivery systems, have the ability to alter the profile of a drug, genotype, protein, peptide, oligosaccharide, or immunogenic substance, as well as its ability to cross biological barriers, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetics, improving efficacy, safety, and patient cooperation.
Care Home and Home Care Staff’s Learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beliefs about Subsequent Changes in the Future: A Survey Study in Sweden, Italy, Germany and the United Kingdom
Authors: Malmgren Fänge Agneta , Christensen Jonas , Backhouse Tamara , Kenkmann Andrea , Killett Anne , Fisher Oliver , Chiatti Carlos , Lethin Connie
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to compare perceptions of learning from the COVID-19 pandemic and beliefs in subsequent changes for the future, among care home and home care staff, in four European countries. A 29-item on-line questionnaire was designed in English and later translated into Swedish, Italian, and German on the impact of the pandemic on stress and anxiety. Anonymous data from care staff respondents was collected in four countries between 7 October 2020 and 17 December 2010: Sweden (n = 212), Italy (n = 103), Germany (n = 120), and the United Kingdom (n = 167). While care staff in all countries reported learning in multiple areas of care practice, Italy reported the highest levels of learning and the most agreement that changes will occur in the future due to the pandemic. Conversely, care staff in Germany reported low levels of learning and reported the least agreement for change in the future. While the pandemic has strained care home and home care staff practices, our study indicates that much learning of new skills and knowledge has taken place within the workforce. Our study has demonstrated the potential of cross-border collaborations and experiences for enhancing knowledge acquisition in relation to societal challenges and needs. The results could be built upon to improve future health care and care service practices.
Queens and Wet Nurses: Indispensable Women in the Dynasty of the Sun King (1540–1580)
Authors: Gómez-Cantarino Sagrario , Romera-Álvarez Laura , de Dios-Aguado Mercedes , Ugarte-Gurrutxaga María Idoia , Siles-Gonzalez José , Cotto-Andino Maylene
Published: February 2022

In Spain, the wet nurse had a prominent place in the Court of Philip II (1540–1580), suckling princes. The aim of this review is to identify the role of wet nurses in the Spanish monarchy and the survival of the infants, who were children of Philip II (16th century). A scoping review is presented, studying documents on wet nurses in the Spanish monarchy. The dialectical structural model of care (DSMC) is applied, and three thematic blocks are used to make up the historical-cultural model. Books, chapters and databases were analysed from Cuiden, Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar, from January–September 2021. These wet nurses were treated as ladies, as they came from wealthy families related to royalty. The services of wet nurses from neighbouring localities to the court were used. They had to be of good appearance and in excellent health. They were hired because of the need for survival of the infants, children of Philip II. The functions of the four wives of Philip II were relegated to reproduction, childcare, family and monarchical duties. They used empirical medicine in the form of prescriptions for beauty, hygiene and feminine care. The wet nurses were the driving force that promoted the health of babies through breastfeeding.
A Comprehensive Thrips Species Assessment for Eco-Consistent Management of Infestations in Mediterranean Citrus Crops
Authors: Vono Gregorio , Bonsignore Carmelo Peter , Marullo Rita
Published: February 2022

Insects belonging to the Thysanoptera order are an important group of insect pests that require phytosanitary interventions for the protection of citrus crops. This study provides a general and complete overview on the thrips pest species present in citrus orchards in the main countries of the Mediterranean basin. For most species, the distribution areas, host plants, and IPM control methods are provided. The study also presents new data on the status of thrips infestations in three main crops in southern Italy (Calabria), including lemon, bergamot, and orange. The results concern the abundance and the co-occurrence of thrips species in the investigated area. Statistical analysis showed that there were differences between citrus species, canopy exposure, and monitoring period in thrips abundance. In particular, orange species showed the lowest density of thrips present on the plant. Three species, namely Pezothrips kellyanus, Frankliniella occidentalis, and Thrips major, were the most abundant in the monitored area with a marked seasonal increase, especially for the highest density species, P. kellyanus, between March and June. Moreover, for F. occidentalis, the close relationship between its presence on herbaceous flora inside crops and in citrus flowers confirms a thrips interaction with no crops and herbaceous plants and the numerical response of the thrips species. These latest results suggest that wild plants constantly host thrips and therefore an alternative ground cover could be an ecological tool to limit or mitigate the density and damaging activity of thrips populations in citrus crops.
Assessment of Yield and Nitrate Content of Wall Rocket Grown under Diffuse-Light- or Clear-Plastic Films and Subjected to Different Nitrogen Fertilization Levels and Biostimulant Application
Authors: Di Mola Ida , Ottaiano Lucia , Cozzolino Eugenio , El-Nakhel Christophe , Rippa Massimo , Mormile Pasquale , Corrado Giandomenico , Rouphael Youssef , Mori Mauro
Published: February 2022

The quantity and quality of wall rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) production are strongly influenced by the cultivation system, in particular the protected environment conditions and nitrogen fertilization. In the present research, we tested two greenhouse cover films (Film1: diffuse light; Film2: clear), to verify the effects on yield and nitrate content (a detrimental factor of quality) of rocket leaves, fertilized with optimal (N2) or sub-optimal nitrogen dose (N1), or unfertilized (N0). In addition, we combined the N fertilization with a biostimulant application, declared by the manufacturer as able to reduce nitrate content. Film1 provided a 36% yield increase over Film2 and allowed an increasing production until the V harvest, opposite to what was recorded under Film2, where the yield increased only until the III harvest. Additionally, biostimulant application boosted the yield (+40%), as well as nitrogen fertilization. Both factors had the best performance under Film1, where N1 yield was even equal to N2-Film2. The nitrate content showed a seasonal trend (lower values in spring harvests) and it was boosted by nitrogen (1096, 3696, and 4963 mg/kg fresh weight, for N0, N1, and N2, respectively) and biostimulant application (3924 vs. 2580 mg/kg fresh weight). Therefore, the use of diffuse-light film seems useful to obtain higher yield with a halved N dose as well as in combination with biostimulant application, but the latter did not confirm the capacity to contain nitrate, at least for this crop and in this cultivation system.
Slight Changes in Fruit Firmness at Harvest Determine the Storage Potential of the ‘Rojo Brillante’ Persimmon Treated with Gibberellic Acid
Authors: Vilhena Nariane Q. , Quiles Amparo , Gil Rebeca , Llorca Empar , Fernández-Serrano Paula , Vendrell Mario , Salvador Alejandra
Published: February 2022

Today, the ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmons undergoing prolonged storage are treated with giberellic acid, which allows the delay of the harvesting to November-December. Although during this period the fruit maintained high commercial firmness, practical experience indicates very different behavior during the posterior cold storage, depending on the harvest moment. To explain what leads to these differences, an in-depth study of the physicochemical and microstructural changes occurring in the fruit during five commercial harvest times from November to December was carried out. During this period, slight variations in firmness occurred, ranging from 48 to 40 N. Nevertheless, the fruit behavior under cold storage was strongly influenced by the harvest date, which was explained by the degradation of cell wall, cell membrane and tonoplast, mainly noted in fruit from the latest harvests. Therefore, the fruit harvested with firmness close to 48 N had a highly structured cell, which maintained firmness during cold storage for up to 90 days. The fruit harvested with 43 N presented a more degraded structure, while the fruit with initial firmness around 40 N underwent major ultrastructure cell wall and membranes modifications, which led to greater firmness loss. Therefore, the fruit firmness at harvest is decisive for its storage potential.
Exogenous Application of L-Arginine Improves Protein Content and Increases Yield of Pereskia aculeata Mill. Grown in Soilless Media Container
Authors: Freitas Isabela Scavacini , Trennepohl Bruna Isadora , Acioly Thiago Machado Silva , Conceição Vivyan Justi , Mello Simone Costa , Dourado Neto Durval , Kluge Ricardo Alfredo , Azevedo Ricardo Antunes
Published: February 2022

The Brazilian flora is one of the richest in biodiversity and has many species with high pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential. Among these species is ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Mill.), which stands out for the high protein content found in its leaves. The exogenous application of amino acids in crop production has shown promising results, such as the increase in productivity and plant quality, besides their capacity in alleviating environmental stress in plants. Exogenous application of L-arginine (0, 0.25, 1.0 and 2.0 g L−1 of water) was performed by drenching on coconut fiber growing media of ora-pro-nobis plants. Plant growth parameters analyzed were chlorophylls and carotenoids contents, crude protein content, and determination of enzymes and oxidative stress substances. The higher concentration of L-arginine (2 g L−1 of water) increased net photosynthetic rate, leaf area, plant fresh and dry mass, carotenoids content and crude protein content in leaves. Thus, the exogenous application of L-arginine in ora-pro-nobis plants can improve both the productivity and nutritional value of its leaves.
Estimation of Groundwater Recharge in the Lobo Catchment (Central-Western Region of Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Jean Olivier Kouadio Kouamé , Brou Dibi , Jules Mangoua oi Mangoua , Georges Eblin Sampah , Frédéric Paran , Didier Graillot
Published: February 2022

Determination of groundwater recharge is a major challenge in areas where rainfall is generally abundant. Variability and uncertainty are inherent in the estimation of recharge, and several methods are therefore recommended for its estimation at a regional level. In this study, we evaluated several methods for estimating recharge: the web GIS-based automated hydrological analysis tool (WHAT), water table fluctuation (WTF), hydrograph analyses, a recession curve displacement method, graphical separation, and empirical formulas. The annual recharge estimated by combining direct recharge and base-flow varied from 84 mm in 2019 to 66.4 mm in 2020. The mean direct recharge was about 44 mm in 2018 and 57.3 mm in 2019, representing about 4% and 5% of the respective rainfall. In 2020, this direct recharge was 43 mm, or about 6% of rainfall, around 25% lower than in 2019. Base-flow separation methods and recession curve displacement generally gave low results, whereas modified empirical formulas gave results close to those of the WTF method and were considered more consistent and reasonable. The regression curve displacement method implemented in the United States geologic survey (USGS) RORA program was found to be unsuitable for the study area. However, the other methods presented more reasonable results and could be used to estimate groundwater recharge in the study area.
Late Summer Water Sources in Rivers and Lakes of the Upper Yana River Basin, Northern Eurasia, Inferred from Hydrological Tracer Data
Authors: Tananaev Nikita
Published: February 2022

Major ions, stable isotopes, and trace elements, including rare earth elements (REEs), are used as natural tracers in the qualitative assessment of potential water sources in lakes and rivers of the upper Yana River basin, between Verkhoyansk and Chersky Ranges, during the late summer period. Three distinct regions were sampled, and a dominant water source in each region was qualitatively inferred from water chemistry data. The REE distribution pattern was found to be highly regional and controlled by pH and carbonate contents. Mountain headwater stream at the Verkhoyansk Range north slope, the Dulgalakh River, shows an input from a mixture of shallow groundwater and icing meltwater, with a depleted isotopic signature (δ18O below –21‰), d-excess (dex = δ2H − 8·δ18O) above 18, enrichment in Mg and Sr, and depletion in heavy REEs. The Derbeke Depression lakes and streams are fed by rainfall having ultra-low total dissolved solids (TDS) content, below 25 mg/L, and a convex-up REE pattern. In a medium mountainous river at the Chersky Range flank, the Dogdo River, leaching through fissured Jurassic carbonates is a dominant runoff pathway. Riverine water is heavily depleted in light REEs, but enriched in Mo, Rb, Sb, W and U. In the Dulgalakh River water, high positive Sm and Gd anomalies were observed, attributed either to local geology (greenshists), historical mining legacy, or contemporary winter road operations.
Sinkhole Flooding and Aquifer Recharge in Arid to Dry Sub-Humid Regions: A Systematic Review in the Perspective of Climate Change
Authors: Delle Rose Marco
Published: February 2022

On the one hand, Sinkhole Flooding (SF) is an essential hydrological process to recharge karst aquifer in arid to dry sub-humid regions. On the other hand, the increase of rain extremes is one of the major consequences of global warming, together with the expansion of drylands. Thus, appropriate runoff regulation in endorheic karst basins in order to reduce the risk of flooding and improve the quantity and quality of the water drained by sinkholes will be more and more crucial. With these premises, a systematic review of SF cases study was performed by using Web of Science (WoS) engine to infer the hydrological properties for modeling the water management in regions actually or potentially affected by water scarcity. Hydrological models are essential to manage the consequences of climate change on karst water resource, however the review shows that providing the tools necessary for reliable modeling is still challenging. Finally, due to the intrinsic vulnerability of the karst aquifers, pollution reduction and wastewater recycling policy will play a key role in the next decades.
The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children (UP-C) in Portugal: Feasibility Study Results
Authors: Caiado Brígida , Góis Ana , Pereira Bárbara , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Moreira Helena
Published: February 2022

The Unified Protocol for Children (UP-C) is a transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy group intervention for children and caregivers targeting the treatment of children’s emotional disorders (EDs). The present study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the UP-C in the Portuguese population using a single-armed design. The participants were 32 children (6–12 years of age) with an ED (anxiety and/or depressive disorder) as a main diagnosis and their parents. All participants received the UP-C intervention and were assessed at pretreatment, midtreatment, posttreatment, and 3 months posttreatment. Children, parents, the clinicians, and an external observer completed questionnaires to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the UP-C (e.g., satisfaction, motivation, and adherence). Children and parents also completed self-report measures assessing the children’s anxiety and depression and its interference and severity. The results of the present study support the feasibility and acceptability of the UP-C in Portugal; low dropout rates, high adherence rates, and high levels of child and parent satisfaction and motivation were observed. Moreover, significant reductions over time in children’s levels of anxiety and/or depression and of its interference and severity were found and were maintained after 3 months of follow-up. These results are promising and warrant a subsequent randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Coping with Trauma and Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Exploring Intentions and Lay Beliefs about Appropriate Strategies among Asylum-Seeking Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa in Germany
Authors: Grupp Freyja , Moro Marie Rose , Skandrani Sara , Mewes Ricarda
Published: February 2022

Asylum-seekers are at high risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to frequent exposure to trauma. We investigated the coping intentions and lay beliefs about appropriate coping strategies among asylum-seekers from Sub-Saharan Africa in Germany. The study applied a methodological triangulation strategy with a vignette describing symptoms of PTSD. In a quantitative part, asylum-seekers (n = 119) that were predominantly from Eritrea (n = 41), Somalia (n = 36), and Cameroon (n = 25), and a native comparison sample (n = 120) responded to questionnaires assessing coping, traumatic events, and post-traumatic symptoms. In a qualitative part, asylum-seekers (n = 26) discussed coping strategies in focus groups. In the quantitative part, asylum-seekers displayed higher intentions for religious coping, emotional support, and denial compared to the native participants. Asylum-seekers with a higher symptom load expressed lower intentions to seek instrumental support. Asylum-seekers with a lower educational level and those with a higher symptom load expressed higher intentions for substance use. In the qualitative part, we identified three superordinate themes: (a) religion, (b) social support systems, and (c) cognitive strategies. Asylum-seekers expressed coping intentions that are associated with an adaptive response to trauma. Less-educated asylum-seekers with a higher symptom load might constitute a particularly vulnerable group.
Patterns of Post-Endodontic Restoration: A Nationwide Survey of Dentists in Turkey
Authors: Usta Sıla Nur , Cömert-Pak Begüm , Karaismailoğlu Eda , Eymirli Ayhan , Deniz-Sungur Derya
Published: February 2022

Developments in materials and techniques, geographical locations, age, specialty, and affiliations of dental practitioners affect the preference of post-endodontic restoration. Thus, this survey aimed to evaluate the trends of dentists in Turkey in terms of post-endodontic restorations. An anonymous survey containing 10 questions regarding demographics, post-endodontic restoration patterns, and factors affecting restoration selection was electronically delivered to the dentists registered in the database of the Turkish Dental Association. The data were analyzed using by a chi-square test and ordinal logistic regression analysis. A total of 1093 surveys from 20,564 participants were collected with a response rate of 5.3%. Half of the participants (52%) preferred composite resins for post-endodontic restorations. Usage of posts was less prevalent amongst prosthodontists and dentists with clinical experience of more than 20 years compared to endodontists (p < 0.001) and dentists with clinical experience of less than 5 years (p = 0.004). More than half of the participants (56%) utilized fiber posts. Composite resins and fiber posts were the most common preferences in post-endodontic restoration. Endodontists had a higher tendency to use posts than prosthodontists and general dental practitioners.
Empirical Evidence of Arsenite Oxidase Gene as an Indicator Accounting for Arsenic Phytoextraction by Pteris vittata
Authors: Han Ning , Yang Chongyang , Shimomura Shunya , Inoue Chihiro , Chien Mei-Fang
Published: February 2022

Arsenic (As) is a toxic semi-metallic element that is ubiquitous in the environment and poses serious human health risks. Phytoextraction by Pteris vittata is considered a low-cost and environmentally friendly approach to treat As-contaminated soil. P. vittata mainly absorbs arsenate thus the bioavailability of As to P. vittata depends on the chemical form of As. Microbial redox of As contributes to the biogeochemical cycling of As, and rhizobacterium-assisted phytoextraction by P. vittata was proposed. In this study, this microbe-assisted phytoextraction was applied to two fields, and the effectiveness of phytoextraction was evaluated. The results revealed that P. vittata was able to grow in temperate and subarctic climate zones. The biomass was influenced by the weather, and the As concentration in plants was dependent on the As content in the soil. The ratio of arsenite oxidase genes (aioA-like genes) to 16S rRNA genes was employed to evaluate the effect of As phytoextraction, and the results exhibited that the ratio was related to the As concentration in P. vittata. Our results showed that arsenite oxidation in the rhizosphere might not be achieved by single-strain inoculation, while this study provided empirical evidence that the rhizospheric aioA-like genes could be an indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of As phytoextraction.
The Long-Term Health and Human Capital Consequences of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Birth to Thirty Cohort: Single, Cumulative, and Clustered Adversity
Authors: Naicker Sara N. , Ahun Marilyn N. , Besharati Sahba , Norris Shane A. , Orri Massimiliano , Richter Linda M.
Published: February 2022

Human capital—that is the cumulative abilities, education, social skills, and mental and physical health one possesses—is increasingly recognized as key to the reduction of inequality in societies. Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to a range of human capital indicators, with the majority of research in high-income, western settings. This study aims to examine the link between adverse childhood experiences and adult human capital in a South African birth cohort and to test whether associations differ by measurement of adversity. Secondary analysis of data from the Birth to Thirty study was undertaken. Exposure data on adversity was collected prospectively throughout childhood and retrospectively at age 22. Human capital outcomes were collected at age 28. Adversity was measured as single adverse experiences, cumulative adversity, and clustered adversity. All three measurements of adversity were linked to poor human capital outcomes, with risk for poor human capital increasing with the accumulation of adversity. Adversity was clustered by quantity (low versus high) and type (household dysfunction versus abuse). Adversity in childhood was linked to a broad range of negative outcomes in young adulthood regardless of how it was measured. Nevertheless, issues of measurement are important to understand the risk mechanisms that underlie the association between adversity and poor human capital.
Analysis of the Bacterial Biocenosis of Activated Sludge Treated with Leachate from Municipal Landfills
Authors: Wdowczyk Aleksandra , Szymańska-Pulikowska Agata , Domańska Magdalena
Published: February 2022

The influx of toxic pollutants into wastewater treatment plants can negatively affect the quality of the activated sludge (AS). One source is landfill leachate. The identification of microorganisms present in AS is very important, e.g., while improving wastewater treatment technology. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of raw leachate and after purification of Phragmites australis and Ceratophyllum demersum on the composition of the AS bacterial biocenosis. In addition, AS status was assessed by LIVE/DEAD BacLight ™ fluorescent staining. The obtained results showed that the leachate did not significantly affect the cell membranes of AS bacteria, and even a slight improvement was noted. The research carried out using the next-generation sequencing method shows that the origin of the samples (active and closed storage) and the method of processing do not significantly affect the composition of the AS bacterial biocenosis at higher taxonomic levels. However, at the species level, the appearance of bacteria not previously present in AS was observed, namely: Flavobacterium luticocti, Candidimonas nitroreducens and Nitrobacter hamburgensis. The obtained results suggest that the leachate may be a source of microorganisms positively influencing the condition of AS bacteria.
The Online Ordering Behaviors among Participants in the Oklahoma Women, Infants, and Children Program: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Zhang Qi , Park Kayoung , Zhang Junzhou , Tang Chuanyi
Published: February 2022

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is a nutrition assistance program in the United States (U.S.). Participants in the program redeem their prescribed food benefits in WIC-authorized grocery stores. Online ordering is an innovative method being pilot-tested in some stores to facilitate WIC participants’ food benefit redemption, which has become especially important in the COVID-19 pandemic. The present research aimed to examine the online ordering (OO) behaviors among 726 WIC households who adopted WIC OO in a grocery chain, XYZ (anonymous) store, in Oklahoma (OK). These households represented approximately 5% of WIC households who redeemed WIC benefits in XYZ stores during the study period, which was 1 July to 31 December 2020. This period was during the COVID-19 pandemic but after the temporary lockdown in Oklahoma had been lifted. Descriptive statistics were estimated for WIC OO households’ adoption behaviors and their orders. The Cox proportional hazard model and zero-truncated negative binomial regression were applied to examine the relationship between participants’ socio-demographics and the length of time between 1 July 2020, and their first OO, as well as the number of WIC online orders. About 80% of these online orders were picked up without any changes. Minority households had a significantly longer time before adopting their first OO (hazard ratio (HR) < 1, p < 0.001), while households with a child or a woman participant, or more participants, had a shorter time before adopting OO (HR > 1, p < 0.05). Non-Hispanic black households had a fewer number of OOs than non-Hispanic white households (B = −0.374, p = 0.007). OO adoption varied across socio-demographics. More efforts are needed to ensure equal access and adoption of WIC OO.
What Makes Employees Green Advocates? Exploring the Effects of Green Human Resource Management
Authors: Cheng Yufei , Liu Huanxin , Yuan Yiwei , Zhang Zhonghao , Zhao Jinguo
Published: February 2022

Green advocacy has been the focus of both practitioners and theorists for decades. However, little attention has been paid to employee green advocacy despite its significance to employee green behaviors and the environmental sustainability of organizations. In an effort to contribute to this nascent field, this study investigates what promotes employee green advocacy and its psychological mechanisms. Based on cognitive consistency theory, we propose that green human resource management (GHRM) can influence employees’ organization-based self-esteem, which motivates them to engage in employee green advocacy to sustain their positive self-image and avoid possible cognitive disorders. Perceived organizational support moderates the relationship between GHRM and employee organization-based self-esteem. Data from a sample of 135 employees and their chief human resource officer (CHO) supported our hypotheses. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications of our findings.
Could Self-Reported Body Sizes Be an Alternative Tool for Assessing Breast Cancer Risk in Postmenopausal Women?
Authors: Świątkowska Beata , Szkiela Marta , Zajdel Radosław , Kaleta Dorota
Published: February 2022

Background: The use of self-reported body size as an alternative tool to estimate body weight for health risk assessment is not widely reported, especially in relation to breast cancer. Therefore, we examined the association between breast cancer and body-mass index (BMI) and the usefulness of pictograms. Methods: The case–control study was conducted among postmenopausal women from 2015 to 2019. The study involved 151 women with breast cancer and 67 control subjects. Data were collected by a self-reported detailed questionnaire. Results: An increased, 4.13-fold risk of breast cancer (OR = 4.13; 95% CI [1.69, 10.28]) was observed for women with BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 compared to women with normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), whereas the association in the case of obese women was not statistically significant. An increased risk of breast cancer was observed for pictogram scores 3–4 (OR = 8.95; 95% CI [3.22, 24.88]) and for the highest level of self-reported body size, pictograms ≥ 5 (OR = 3.20; 95% CI [1.13, 9.09]). Conclusions: The risk of breast cancer is associated with an increased BMI and visual overweigh and obesity. The results suggest that a self-reporting alternative tool can be used to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity, particularly in situations where no other tools are available.
Self-Perceived Emotional Intelligence Levels in Nursing Students in Times of a Pandemic: Multivariate Representation
Authors: Vargas Valencia Ángel , Vega-Hernández María , Aguila Sánchez Julio , Vázquez Espinoza Jose , Hilerio López Ángel
Published: February 2022

Self-perceived emotional intelligence in healthcare personnel is not just an individual skill but a work tool, which is even more necessary in times of crisis. This article aimed to determine emotional intelligence as perceived by students studying nursing at the University of Colima, Mexico, a year after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey of an academic year stratified population of 349 students was conducted, using the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 instrument. A global descriptive analysis was performed for each school year. Additionally, an ANOVA was performed, and a Multiple Correspondence Analysis was executed. It is essential to highlight the high percentages for emotional attention within the results. However, a large percentage of students required improvement in emotional attention, clarity, and repair. According to their school year, significant differences were observed among student groups within the three emotional intelligence subscales (p < 0.05). Second-year students had low levels in the three subscales of emotional intelligence, while fourth-year students had adequate levels. We established that the scores were different depending on the school year, with a significant decrease in second-year students. The implementation of educational programs could aid in the development of emotional skills in students from the health field, especially in times of crisis.
Effectiveness of Physical Activity in Primary Prevention of Anxiety: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Moreno-Peral Patricia , Pino-Postigo Alberto , Conejo-Cerón Sonia , Bellón Darío , Rodríguez-Martín Beatriz , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Bellón Juan Ángel
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity in the primary prevention of anxiety. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. RCTs were searched in seven electronic databases. We included RCTs that assessed either the incidence of anxiety or the reduction of anxiety symptoms which excluded participants with baseline anxiety. Measurements were required to have been made using validated instruments. Objective or subjective (with validated questionnaires) verification of the performance of physical activity was required. Three reviewers carried out the search, selection, data extraction, and risk assessment of Cochrane Collaboration’s tool simultaneously and independently, reaching an agreement in their discrepancies by consensus. In addition, a meta-analysis of fixed-effects model was carried out. Three RCTs met inclusion criteria, comprising 350 patients from 3 different countries. A meta-analysis was performed using five comparisons extracted from the selected studies, and the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) was −0.18 (95% CI: −0.44; 0.07), p = 0.158. The heterogeneity was irrelevant, I2 = 17.7% (p = 0.30). There is no evidence that anxiety can be prevented through physical activity, although the quality of evidence was very low.
Current Social Perception of and Value Attached to Nursing Professionals’ Competences: An Integrative Review
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Margarita , Mena-Navarro Francisco , Domínguez-Pichardo Abraham , Teresa-Morales Cristina
Published: February 2022

In order to develop nurses’ identities properly, they need to publicise their professional competences and make society aware of them. For that, this study was conducted to describe the competences that society currently attributes to nursing professionals and how nursing is valued in society. This review was based on the conceptual framework by Whittemore and Knafl. The literature search was conducted using PubMed, WOS, and CINAHL databases, and the search strategy was based on a combination of natural language and standardised keywords, with limits and criteria for inclusion, exclusion, and quality. The results of the studies were classified and coded in accordance with the competence groups of the professional profile described in the Tuning Educational Structures in Europe programme. Fourteen studies were selected. The most commonly reported competence groups were as follows: nursing practice and clinical decision making; and communication and interpersonal competences. Nursing is perceived as a healthcare profession dedicated to caring for individuals. Its other areas of competence and its capacity for leadership are not well known. In order to develop a professional identity, it is essential to raise awareness of the competences that make up this professional profile.
The Effect of Static Compression via Vibration Foam Rolling on Eccentrically Damaged Muscle
Authors: Nakamura Masatoshi , Kasahara Kazuki , Yoshida Riku , Yahata Kaoru , Sato Shigeru , Murakami Yuta , Aizawa Kodai , Konrad Andreas
Published: February 2022

Previous research has shown that vibration foam rolling (VFR) on damaged muscle can result in improvements in muscle soreness and range of motion (ROM). Furthermore, static compression via VFR (i.e., VFR without rolling) can increase the ROM and decrease the muscle stiffness of non-damaged muscle. Therefore, it is likely that static compression via VFR on eccentrically damaged muscle can mitigate muscle soreness and the decrease in ROM, and the decrease in muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a 90 s bout of VFR applied as a static compression on an eccentrically damaged quadriceps muscle, measuring ROM, muscle soreness, muscle strength, and jump performance. This study was a single-arm repeated measure design. Study participants were sedentary healthy male volunteers (n = 14, 20.4 ± 0.8 years) who had not performed habitual exercise activities or any regular resistance training for at least 6 months before the experiment. All participants performed a bout of eccentric exercise of the knee extensors with the dominant leg and then received a 90 s bout of static compression via VFR of the quadriceps 48 h after the eccentric exercise. The knee flexion ROM, muscle soreness at palpation, and countermovement jump height were measured before the eccentric exercise (baseline), before (pre-intervention) and after the VFR intervention (post-intervention), and 48 h after the eccentric exercise. The results showed that the static compression via VFR significantly (p < 0.05) improved the knee flexion ROM (6.5 ± 4.8%, d = 0.76), muscle soreness at palpation (−10.7 ± 8.6 mm, d = −0.68), and countermovement jump height (15.6 ± 16.0%, d = 0.49). Therefore, it can be concluded that static compression via VFR can improve muscle soreness and function.
Latent Class Analysis of Health Behavior Changes Due to COVID-19 among Middle-Aged Korean Workers
Authors: Choi Eun-Hi , Kim Won-Jong , Baek Eun-Mi
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the latent class for changes in health behavior due to COVID-19, reveal the characteristics of participants by type, and identify predictive factors for these types. The participants of this study were office workers between the ages of 40 and 60 and secondary data from the 2020 Community Health Survey of G city was utilized. Latent class analysis was performed on physical activities such as walking and exercise, eating fast food or carbonated drinks, eating delivered food, drinking alcohol, and smoking. Three types of health behavior changes due to COVID-19 were found: (1) decrease in all health behavior type, (2) increase in fast food and delivered food type, and (3) increase in smoking maintenance type. Second, the variables predicting the three types after controlling for general characteristics were health problems, social distancing among the COVID-19 quarantine rules, refraining from going out, and meeting with friends and neighbors and had an impact on COVID-19 life. It is necessary to strengthen non-face-to-face health promotion activities along with quarantine rules for COVID-19. In addition, there is a need for a health management plan for people with non-visible risk factors such as obesity and high blood pressure.
The Effectiveness of Ultrasound Deep Heat Therapy for Adhesive Capsulitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sung Jung-Ha , Lee Jung-Min , Kim Jung-Hyun
Published: February 2022

Background: Adhesive capsulitis occurs with synovial inflammation and capsular fibrosis in the glenohumeral joint, leading to restriction of joint motion and pain. Heat therapy modalities, which aim at modifying dense collagenous tissues are commonly practiced interventions for patients with adhesive capsulitis; however, the effectiveness of ultrasound deep heat therapy (UST) on adhesive capsulitis is still unclear. Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of UST on the improvement of pain and glenohumeral joint function in adhesive capsulitis compared to (1) no treatment or placebo, and (2) any other therapeutic modalities. Methods: A literature search was carried out in January 2021 in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, PEDro, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The main outcomes of interest were self-reported pain scores, disability scores, and the range of motion. This study was conducted based on the guidelines of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) protocols, using random-effects models. Results: Seven studies were included in the systematic review with five studies forming the basis for meta-analyses. The effects of UST in patients with adhesive capsulitis were compared with placebo, shockwave therapy, corticosteroid injection, platelet-rich plasma injection, or cryotherapy. The results indicated that UST significantly improved pain scores when performed together with exercise and/or other physical modalities compared to placebo; however, whether UST provides benefits for the improvement of disability and/or the range of motion was uncertain in the present results. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that UST as a co-intervention combined with other physical modalities is an effective means of improving the overall pain in patients with adhesive capsulitis.
Optimizing the Spatial Location of Street Lights in Belle Isle, Michigan
Authors: Xu Yanqing , Zhang Yue , Fu Cong , Deng Xiyue , Yang Yihe
Published: February 2022

Improved street lighting can provide better use of public space and helps to promote safety while driving or walking. In terms of balancing benefits and impacts, on the basis of cost saving, this research adopts two prominent mathematical models, the maximal coverage location problem and the location set covering problem, to optimize street light locations. By comparing with the currently installed lights following the rule of thumb, the mathematical models in this research achieve the effect of saving electric energy while meeting residents’ traffic safety needs and living conditions. Furthermore, the models can provide greater coverage of illumination using the same amount of energy.
Topographic Characteristics of Drainage Divides at the Mountain-Range Scale—A Review of DTM-Based Analytical Tools
Authors: Jancewicz Kacper , Różycka Milena , Szymanowski Mariusz , Kryza Maciej , Migoń Piotr
Published: February 2022

We review DTM-based measures that can be applied to study the main drainage divides of mountain ranges. Both measures proposed in the past and new or modified approaches are presented, in order to show an ensemble of tools and jointly discuss their information potential and problematic issues. The first group focuses on the main drainage divide (MDD) as a line running along the range and includes elevation profile, sinuosity, and orientation. The second one includes measures used to compare morphometric properties of two parts of the range, located on the opposite sides of the MDD, such as range asymmetry, morphometric properties of drainage basins, and the position of MDD versus maximum elevation within the range. In the third group, morphometric properties of the terrain immediately adjacent to the MDD are considered. These include properties of areas located far beyond the range symmetry line, topographic asymmetry, longitudinal stream profiles, and relief types derived from automatic landform classifications. The majority of these tools supports identification of sectors of the MDD, anomalous in terms of elevation, symmetry of the range, or the geomorphic context. All these measures were applied to the test area of the Sudetes range in Central Europe.