bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of United States Military Pilots with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Keithler Andrea N. , Wilson Andrew S. , Yuan Alexander , Sosa Jose M. , Bush Kelvin N.V.
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTIONAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a recognized disqualifying condition for United States military pilots impacting deployments and retention. This study aims to characterize United States active duty (AD) pilots with AF and review deployment and retention rates associated with medical and ablative therapies. METHODSAn observational analysis was performed to assess AD pilots diagnosed with AF in the largest military regional healthcare system from 2004 to 2019. Baseline characteristics and AF management were reviewed.RESULTS27 AD pilots (mean age, 37.3±7.9 years; mean BMI, 27.3±3.1 kg/m2; 100% male sex) were diagnosed with AF during the study dates. 17 (63%) were Air Force pilots with hypertension as the most common risk factor (26%) and overall low CHA2DS2-VASc scores (mean 0.29±0.47). 22 (82%) pilots evenly received medical rate and rhythm strategies (41% and 41%, respectively). 16 (59%) underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with zero complications. 11 (41%) pilots received warfarin and 5 (19%) received a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) for stroke prevention. After diagnosis 12 (44%) pilots deployed and 25 (93%) were military retained. PVI was not associated with a change in subsequent deployments rates (PVI, 38% vs No PVI, 55%; p=0.3809) or retention rates (PVI, 94 % vs no PVI, 91%; p=0.7835).CONCLUSIONSUnited States military pilots diagnosed with AF are younger patients with few traditional AF risk factors. They receive medical rate and rhythm strategies equally. Many pilots maintain deployment eligibility and most remain on AD status after diagnosis. PVI is not associated with changes in retention or deployment rates.
Interfacial coupling effect of Cr2O3 on the magnetic properties of Fe72Ga28 thin films
Authors: Hontecillas I. , Maicas M. , Andrés J. P. , Ranchal R.
Published: April 2021

Here it is investigated the effect of the antiferromagnet Cr2O3 on the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic Fe72Ga28 thin films. Although Fe72Ga28 layers have their magnetization almost in the sample plane, the interfacial coupling with Cr2O3 that has perpendicular magnetic moments enables to turn the Fe72Ga28 magnetization direction into the out of plane (OOP) direction. Cr2O3 has been obtained from Cr oxidation, whereas Fe72Ga28 has been deposited on top of it by sputtering in the ballistic regime. Although a uniaxial in-plane magnetic anisotropy is expected for Fe72Ga28 thickness above 100 nm, the interfacial coupling with Cr2O3 prevents this anisotropy. The formation of stripe domains in Fe72Ga28 above a critical thickness reveals the enhancement of the out of plane component of the Fe72Ga28 magnetization with respect to uncoupled layers. Due to the interface coupling, the Fe72Ga28 magnetization turns into the out-of-plane direction as its thickness is gradually reduced, and a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of 3.4·106 erg·cm− 3 is inferred from experimental results. Eventually, the coupling between Cr2O3 and Fe72Ga28 promotes an exchange-bias effect that has been well fitted by means of the random field model.
Interleukin-6 induces spatially dependent whole-body hypersensitivity in rats: implications for extracephalic hypersensitivity in migraine
Authors: Avona Amanda , Price Theodore J , Dussor Gregory
Published: April 2021

Background: Migraine is a complex neurological disorder that is characterized by throbbing head pain, increased sensitivity to light, sound, and touch, as well as nausea and fatigue. It is one of the most common and most disabling disorders globally but mechanisms causing migraine are poorly understood. While head pain is a typical feature of attacks, they also often present with cutaneous hypersensitivity in the rest of the body. In contrast, pain conditions in the lower parts of the body do not generally lead to cutaneous hypersensitivity in the head. Previous studies indicate that application of stimuli to the meninges of rodents causes cutaneous facial as well as hindpaw hypersensitivity. In the present study, we asked whether widespread hypersensitivity is a unique feature of dural stimulation or whether body-wide responses occur similarly when the same stimulus is given in other locations.Methods: Rats were given the same dose of IL-6 either via dural, intraplantar, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intracisternal, or intrathecal injection. Cutaneous facial and hindpaw allodynia was assessed using Von Frey following injection into each location. Results: Hindpaw allodynia was observed following dural and intraplantar injection of IL-6 in both males and females. Hindpaw allodynia was only observed in females following intracisternal and intrathecal IL-6 injections. In contrast, facial allodynia was only observed in either sex following dural and intracisternal injections, which would activate meningeal afferents and the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC), respectively. Conclusions : Here we show that while stimulation of upper body regions with IL-6 including the meninges and brainstem can cause widespread hypersensitivity spreading to the paws, similar stimulation of the lower body does not cause the spread of hypersensitivity into the head. These data are consistent with the observations that whole body hypersensitivity is specific to conditions such as migraine where pain is present in the head and they may provide insight into co-morbid pain states associated with migraine.
Prevalence and Correlates of Childhood-onset Bipolar Disorder among Adolescents
Authors: Barton Jessica S , Mio Megan , Timmins Vanessa , Mitchell Rachel H.B. , Goldstein Benjamin I
Published: April 2021

Background

Early-onset Bipolar Disorder (BD) is associated with a more severe illness as well as a number of clinical factors amongst adults. Early-onset can be categorised as childhood- (age < 13) or adolescent- (age ≥ 13) onset, with the two displaying different clinical profiles. However, among adolescents, there is a paucity of research comparing the both prevalence and clinical profiles of childhood-onset to adolescent-onset BD. We set out to examine potential differences in demographic, clinical, and familial characteristics amongst adolescents with childhood- vs. adolescent-onset BD.
Methods

The study included 195 adolescents with BD, ages 14–18 years Age of onset was determined retrospectively by self-report. Participants completed the semi-structured K-SADS-PL diagnostic interviews along with self-reported dimensional scales. Analyses examined between-group differences in demographic, clinical, and familial variables, as well as individual manic and depressive symptom severity for most severe past episodes. Variables that were associated with age of onset at p < 0.1 in univariate analyses were evaluated in a logistic regression model.
Results

Approximately one-fifth of participants had childhood-onset BD (n = 35; 17.9%). A number of clinical and demographic factors were significantly associated with childhood-onset BD. However, there were no significant differences in individual depression and mania symptom severity. In multivariate analyses, the variables most strongly associated with childhood-onset were police contact, stimulant treatment, and family history of suicidal ideation (positively associated), as well as smoking and psychiatric hospitalization (negatively associated).
Conclusions

In this large clinical sample of adolescents with BD, one-fifth reported childhood-onset BD. Correlates of childhood-onset generally aligned with those observed in the literature, the majority of which were age-related. The lack of differences in individual manic and depressive symptom severity were particularly noteworthy. Future research is warranted to better understand the genetic and environmental implications of high familial loading of psychopathology associated with childhood-onset, and to integrate age-related treatment and prevention strategies.
What is the motivation of young emergency physicians to pursue an academic career in Emergency Medicine?
Authors: Douillet Delphine , Javaudin François , Laribi Saïd , Conte Philippe Le , Montassier Emmanuel , Peschanski Nicolas , Querellou Emgan , Roy Pierre-Marie , Savary Dominique , Soulat Louis , Batard Eric
Published: April 2021

Background

The study aims were to assess the motivation behind embarking on a university hospital career in Emergency Medicine, as well as any potential motivational barriers and levers.
Methods

We carried out a multicenter prospective observational study. All interns from the first year to the fourth year of a residency program in Emergency Medicine as well as young emergency physicians at 5 universities in the west of France were interviewed. A questionnaire with 37 questions was developed based on the literature and in line with the Delphi method. The questionnaires were self-administered online. This questionnaire assessed 4 aspects: demographic data, overall motivational factors, specific motivational factors, and motivational barriers and levers.
Results

The participation rate was 70%, with 193 answers. A median of 3 (2–4) out of 6 was the result for motivation to pursue an academic career in Emergency Medicine. Twenty respondents (10%) showed a genuine motivation for an academic career, rating this item at 5 or 6 (out of 6). The most motivated students were those who had received research training (first-level master’s degree, Master 1) (OR, 3.2 [95%CI: 1.3 to 3.9]). Among them, the most important potential levers were the possibility to devote at least 50% of the time to clinical activity, the time dedicated to missions, clear recruitment prospects, and supervision/guidance in preparing for an academic career.
Conclusions

Ten percent of the young emergency physicians who responded to this questionnaire have a high motivation for an academic career, which suggests that there is a large potential reserve of academics in emergency medicine. There are several levels to maintain this motivation and transform it into commitment in the academic course.
The Memory Effect on Fractional Calculus: An Application in the Spread of Covid-19
Authors: de Barros Laécio Carvalho , Lopes Michele Martins , Simões Francielle Santo Pedro , Esmi Estevão , Santos José Paulo Carvalho dos , Sánchez Daniel Eduardo
Published: April 2021

Fractional calculus has been widely used in mathematical modeling of evolutionary systems with memory effect on dynamics. The main interest of this work is to attest, through a statistical approach, how the hysteresis phenomenon, which describes a type of memory effect present in biological systems, can be treated by fractional calculus. We also analyse the contribution of the historical values of a function in the evaluation of fractional operators according to their order. In order to illustrate the efficiency of this non-integer order calculus, we consider the SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered) compartmental model which is widely used in epidemiology. We employ this compartmental model to study the dynamics of the spread of Covid-19 in some countries, one version with memory and one without memory.
Uncertainty analysis of rising sewer models with respect to input parameters and model structure using Monte Carlo simulations and computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Khalil Ahmed , Santoro Domenico , Batstone Damien J. , DeGroot Christopher T.
Published: April 2021

Modelling conversion processes in sewers can help minimize odour and pipe corrosion issues, but model uncertainties and errors must be understood. In this study, the Wastewater Aerobic/Anaerobic Transformation in Sewers (WATS) model is implemented in two different frameworks; 1-D (CSTR-in-series) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to study the uncertainties due to model parameters and its mathematical form. The 1-D model is used to conduct uncertainty/sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulations. Time-averaged outputs were represented using a general linearized model to quantify the importance of specific parameters. The sulfide formation rate per unit area of the biofilm is the most influential parameter. Parameters controlling anaerobic hydrolysis and fermentation are also significant. Uncertainty due to model structure is studied using CFD to explore the influences of non-homogeneous surface reactions and solids settling. These showed that the 1-D model provides a reasonable characterisation of the process for simple flows in pressure mains.
Simultaneous nitrification and phosphate removal by bioaugmented aerobic granules treating a fluoroorganic compound
Authors: Duque Anouk F. , Bessa Vânia S. , van Dongen Udo , de Kreuk Merle K. , Mesquita Raquel B. R. , Rangel António O. S. S. , van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , Castro Paula M. L.
Published: April 2021

The presence of toxic compounds in wastewater can cause problems for organic matter and nutrient removal. In this study, the long-term effect of a model xenobiotic, 2-fluorophenol (2-FP), on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and phosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) in aerobic granular sludge was investigated. Phosphate (P) and ammonium (N) removal efficiencies were high (>93%) and, after bioaugmentation with 2-FP degrading strain FP1, 2-FP was completely degraded. Neither N nor P removal were affected by 50 mg L−1 of 2-FP in the feed stream. Changes in the aerobic granule bacterial communities were followed. Numerical analysis of the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles showed low diversity for the ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene with an even distribution of species. PAOs, including denitrifying PAO (dPAO), and AOB were present in the 2-FP degrading granules, although dPAO population decreased throughout the 444 days reactor operation. The results demonstrated that the aerobic granules bioaugmented with FP1 strain successfully removed N, P and 2-FP simultaneously.
Omic markers identification for predicting risks of negative effects in children with elevated copper and nickel contents in blood
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Zaitseva N.V. , Zemlyanova M.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation,   Perm State University, 15 Bukireva Str., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, Koldibekova Yu.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Bulatova N.I. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

Proteomic profiling is a promising procedure for examining and substantiating molecular mechanisms of body reactions occurrence and development as a response to adverse impacts; it allows detecting and examining these reactions at early stages in their development prior to cellular damage and damage to organs. Studies aimed at increasing efficiency of adverse effects prediction are especially vital for solving tasks related to early detection and prevention of consequences associated with exposure to chemical environmental factors, first of all, ambient air. Our research goal was to identify omic-markers for predicting risks of negative effects in children with elevated copper and nickel contents in blood. We performed proteomic blood plasma examination in children and modeled cause-and-effect relations. Children with copper and nickel contents in their blood being 3.5 times higher than physiological standard had approximately 20 protein stains that were authentically different from those detected in children from the reference group. We detected correlations between an increase in relative volume of three protein stains including apolipoprotein A-I, anchor protein of A-kinase 9, vitronectin, and a decrease in relative volume of one protein strain including transthyretin and elevated copper and nickel contents in blood (R2=0.30–0.44; р=0.0001–0.008). All the above-mentioned proteins have predictive significance when it comes down to negative effects related to neuroregulation disorders and endothelial dysfunction. It was proven that there was a risk of predicted negative effects such as greater frequency of nervous and cardiovascular system diseases in case copper and nickel contents in blood were elevated (R2=0.35–0.96; р=0.0001–0.013). The established list of potential target molecules (apolipoprotein A-I, vitronectin, anchor protein of A-kinase 9, and transthyretin) and genes that coded their expression (APOA1, VTN,AKAP9,TTR) was substantiated as omic-markers indicating a possibility that negative effects might occur in the cardiovascular and nervous system.
Methodical approaches to assessing individual occupaitonl health risk caused by work-related diseases during the whole employment period
Authors:   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Shur P.Z. , Zaitseva N.V. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Fokin V.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Kiryanov D.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation, Khasanova A.A. ,   Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, 82 Monastyrskaya Str., Perm, 614045, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

An increase in retirement age means that employment period is prolonged; it calls for preserving people’s working capacities for a longer period of time including those with long-term working experience. It is especially vital when it comes to adverse working conditions that might cause high health risks for workers due to work-related diseases. We suggested methodical approaches to determining individual occupational health risks; these approaches took into account occupationally induced negative responses to impacts exerted by work-related factors; pathogenetic mechanisms of health disorders occurrence; gravity of health disorders; workers’ age and working experience. To implement these approaches, we applied a set of procedures that included hygienic and epidemiologic analysis, clinical and laboratory examination of workers, mathematic modeling and prediction. We tested these approaches via assessing occupational health risks for workers employed at oil-extracting enterprises and it allowed us to determine parameters of dependence between changes in arterial hypertension predictors under exposure to occupational noise and changes in age and working experience (b0=0.1427; b1=0.007; b2=-0.372). The obtained parameters can be used in assessing risks of arterial hypertension occurrence due to exposure to occupational noise for workers employed in oil extraction. Individual occupational risk caused by arterial hypertension in people exposed to occupational noise was higher than its permissible level (1∙10-3) for 13% workers (33 people) aged from 41 to 52 and working experience from 19.8 to 33 years; the risk detected in our research amounted up to 2.4∙10-2. Maximum individual risks of work-related arterial hypertension that are predicted to occur at an age close to 59 years amount up to 4.3∙10-2 and they will be higher than permissible levels for 56.6% работников; at an age close to 65 years, up to 4.7∙10-2, and they will be higher than permissible levels for 64.8% workers.
Anthrax cattle burials as a potential threat caused by changes in cryolite zones in the northern European part of Russia
Authors:   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109 Naberezhnaya Severnoi Dviny, Arkhangel'sk, 163000, Russian Federation, Iglovsky S.A. , Kriauciunas V.V. ,   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109 Naberezhnaya Severnoi Dviny, Arkhangel'sk, 163000, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

Over recent years there have been registered anthrax cases among animals and people in Russia. Anthrax cattle burials remain a basic risk factor that causes epizootic deterioration. A lot of such burials do not correspond to sanitary-epidemiologic requirements especially those located in zones where long-term frozen rocks are now being developed in the northern European part of the country. Our research goal was to examine a situation with anthrax cattle burials in the chosen regions, especially bearing in mind climatic changes and changes in cryolite zones as well as to assess future prospects regarding them. It is especially vital for native people who live in tundra and breed their numerous deer herds there. To achieve the goal, several tasks were accomplished. First, we performed preliminary analysis of anthrax cattle burials distribution in the northern European part of the country and places that were unfavorable as per anthrax. Then, locations of such zones were compared with available data on contemporary development of the cryolite zone in the northern European part of the country. It was necessary to assess future changes in the cryolite zone and describe occurring problems related to anthrax cattle burials being widely spread there as well as to suggest possible ways to solve them. Over the last 50 years considerable spots in the cryolite zone have thawed through completely or partially, especially in an area close to the south border of frozen earth. It is important to know an actual situation with anthrax cattle burials given changing climatic conditions and to assess their future prospects. In order to prevent emergencies in zones where geocryological processes have been activated it is necessary to measure temperature on anthrax cattle burials territories, to assess geocryological threats, to create mathematical models for probable negative events occurrence, as well as to accomplish certain anti-epidemic, anti-epizootic, and preventive activities.
Theoretical grounds for assessing health risks factors caused by self-isolation
Authors:   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2 Bldg., 2 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation, Mitrokhin O.V. , Ermakova N.A. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2 Bldg., 2 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation, Belova E.V. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2 Bldg., 2 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

Billions of people had to face self-isolation for several months due to COVID-19 pandemic; given that, it seems quite vital to provide theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic health risk assessment. Our research objects were people who had to self-isolate during CIVID-19 pandemic. In our research we provided theoretical substantiation for priority health risk factors determined by hypodynamia, hypoxia, improper nutrition, distorted work and leisure regime, and psychoemotional strain. These factors can result in growing morbidity with non-communicable diseases among population. Our research goal was to give theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic assessment of health risk factors caused by self-isolation, to reveal priority health risk factors causing morbidity with non-communicable diseases, and to give recommendations on how to prevent it. We applied analytical, information, and statistical procedures in our research. Data were obtained from regulatory and legal documents on sanitary-hygienic standardization in the Russian Federation, specifically, data on nutrition hygiene, occupational hygiene, children and teenagers hygiene, etc.; we also revised scientific works published by Russian and foreign authors and analyzed documents issued by the World Health Organization as well as by public healthcare authorities in different countries during COVID-19 pandemic. When developing theoretical grounds for sanitary-hygienic assessment of health risk factors causing morbidity with non-communicable diseases due to self-isolation, we determined priority risk factors and suggested certain hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation. We provided theoretical substantiation for a suggested hygienic self-isolation index and its score estimate. The existing system for sanitary-hygienic standardization in the RF fixes requirements for nutrition, work, and leisure regime as well as people’s physical activity; it was applied for performing hygienic assessment of self-isolation and self-isolation index score estimates. We suggested certain activities aimed at minimizing health risks under self-isolation; these activities were based on sanitary-hygienic standards. Since hypodynamia and hypoxia are primary sanitary-hygienic health risk factors, we suggest sticking to adequate nutrition with optimal energy capacity, proper physical activity, as well as proper work and leisure regimes.
Regulation of work-related and occupational impacts on workers employed at railroads: experience gained in Russia and other countries
Authors:   Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Railway transport office, 17 Dubininskaya Str., Moscow, 115054, Russian Federation, Loginova V.A. , Kas'kov Yu.N. ,   Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Railway transport office, 17 Dubininskaya Str., Moscow, 115054, Russian Federation, Zhidkova E.A. ,   The Central Healthcare Office, a brunch of «Russian Railways» JSC, 52a Malaya Gruzinskaya Str., Moscow, 123557, Russian Federation,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20/1 Delegatskaya Str., Moscow, 127473, Russian Federation, Gurevich K.G. ,   A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20/1 Delegatskaya Str., Moscow, 127473, Russian Federation, Smertina Yu.L. ,   Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology at railway transport, 2 the 1st Basmanniy lane, Moscow, 105066, Russian Federation, Pletnikova O.A. ,   Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology at railway transport, 2 the 1st Basmanniy lane, Moscow, 105066, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

The present research is vital as it will allow increasing safety of working conditions for workers employed at railway transport due to reducing impacts exerted by occupational risk factors. Our research goal was to perform comparative analysis of requirements to labor protection provided for railway workers. Our research was performed via non-systemic analysis of literature that involved searching through Elibrary, Pubmed and Cochrane databases as per certain key words. As a result, we showed that railway traffic involved exposure to numerous occupational risk factors; due to it, a significant number of workplaces, including those of enginemen and other railway workers, belonged to the 3rd (adverse) hazard category. Basic occupational risk factors included noise and vibration; psychoemotional loads borne by engine team workers and traffic controllers; exposure to industrial aerosols; electromagnetic irradiation; fluctuations in microclimatic parameters in engines’ cabs. All these occupational factors influence not only workers who are directly employed at railways but also people who live in close proximity to them. Therefore, in most countries there is legislative basis on health protection for people who may be exposed to occupational factors related to railway traffic. Our analysis revealed that in general the existing legislation in Russia corresponded to foreign one. Bases for harmonization of the domestic legislation with foreign one are fixed by the Federal Law issued on December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ «On technical regulation». Harmonization of domestic and foreign legislation on reducing total exposure to occupational risk factors allows preserving long-term working ability and preventing work-related diseases.
Technologies of Brand Development and Positioning
Authors: Baurina S. B.
Published: April 2021

Market economy develops very fast in current conditions, which fosters the growth in the number of goods and services of one product group. It helps avoid monopoly, but at the same time it makes customer choice more difficult as they get lost in the vast number of similar offers. This problem can be resolved by branding, i. e. proving product with the brand, a set of tangible and intangible values that can identify and differentiate product and impact customer choice. It is the product itself, its trade mark and other visual and physical components, its surrounding halo and relations between the company and the buyer. Successful branding gives an opportunity to get a trusted audience and retain it even in unstable economic conditions and it can prepare the ground for business extension and cut costs in new product and service promotion. Brand development can have a positive impact on investors’ loyalty, financial quarters, workers and mass media, that is why the brand is often perceived as a valuable asset of the company. The article specifies the notion of brand and branding, identifies stages of the brand life cycle and marketing tasks typical of each stage. The first and fundamental stage of brand development is positioning. Positioning is a product place on market. To build positioning tactics it is important to identify the current and desirable position of the brand and develop brand strategy. Varieties of brand positions are shown. The essence of mission, vision and value of brand is revealed. Specificity of brand identification is described: development of outer attributes that personify its individuality (name, slogan, logotype, package, design and company style). Identification can pass on to customer the precise information about the brand notion. Apart from this benefits of branding are shown for different target groups. Findings of the research supplement the existing theoretical and methodological approaches to brand development and positioning in conditions of uncertain business environment.
Price as Underestimated Parameter of the System of Providing Economic Security in the Country
Authors: Kovalev A. V. , Orlova L. N.
Published: April 2021

The article studies genesis of price and pricing processes in the system of economic security. From theoretical and methodological point of view the research investigates different approaches to the definition and shaping the system of economic security, identifies key problems of pricing and shows lines of possible minimization of processes of price manipulation. It highlights non-linear character of pricing, drawbacks of today’s legal tools of regulating pricing processes (such as tariff and antitrust regulation), including those on the basis of administrative and court practices and causes of economic crises arising. From the practical point of view the article studies possibilities of developing the adaptive automation system, which can provide transfer, processing and storage of information about pricing processes. The goal of the research is to distinguish the role of pricing processes in the system of economic security and to develop the concept of uniform automated system of monitoring pricing processes aimed at resolving problems of complex management of economy and providing economic security of the country. On the basis of mentioned-above drawbacks (risks) the authors formulate the suggestion of shaping a new system of management and control over pricing processes based on maximum use of information technologies. These technologies should foster conducting analysis and risk estimation by using information and software means of the new system, including systems of controlling databases, the system of fast development of algorithms for information analysis and system and applied software. For this research such methods as system analysis, retrospective analysis and analytical methods of data investigation were used. Empiric materials of research were presented by open data and analytical reports of the Federal Antitrust Service of the Russian Federation, decisions and rules of the Supreme and Arbitration courts of the Russian Federation, official data of state power bodies.
Reforming Industrial Policy of the Region in View of Harmonization and Economic Security
Authors: Kanoat Bezhan
Published: April 2021

The article studies the possibility of economic risk minimization in industrial sphere at the expense of industrial policy harmonization in line with economic security. Due to the fact that the level of industrial development in the Russian Federation is still on the post-soviet level, new ways of resolving acute economic problems are needed. Harmonization is necessary so that a new program of industrial development could integrate in the economic system. The author investigates different approaches to interpreting the notion ‘harmonization’ in economic context by experts dealing with possible rise in entrepreneurship efficiency in the Russian Federation. By analyzing such approaches the author’s position on industrial policy harmonization was formulated for the concrete region. At the same time the author developed the system of approaches to minimization of economic risks, rise in industrial efficiency in regions at the expense of harmonization of state policy.
Russia and Iran in Conditions of Economic Sanctions: Anti-Sanction Policy and Resistance Economy
Authors: Khominich I. P. , Alikhani S.
Published: April 2021

Economic sanctions always have destructive impact on economic structures of states, especially such developing countries as Iran and Russia. These countries used anti-sanction economic approach in order to oppose western sanctions. Strategy of anti-sanction economy is a tool of counteracting adverse impact of sanctions on national economy as a sanction target. The authors investigate the influence of strategy of anti-sanction economy on national economy of Iran and Russia, which are facing economic sanctions introduced by western countries. Research findings demonstrate that strategy of anti-sanction economy is a key priority of both Iran and Russia. This strategy helps these countries improve the local business climate, support small and medium enterprises and raise efficiency of local production units. Principle recommendations of our research for Iran and Russia imply that apart from using strategy of anti-sanction economy these countries should do their best to lower their dependence on the US dollar (strategy of dollarization), improve bilateral economic cooperation and eliminate trade barriers to increase trade flows.
Shaping Social Literacy at Distance Lessons by Using Multimedia Technologies
Authors: Zakharova T. I. , Vilkova D. V.
Published: April 2021

The article studies innovation methods of distance interaction in education. The necessity to pass over to distance learning was caused by global pandemic. On March 11, 2020 the WHO called the outbreak of COVID-19 a pandemic, which drastically changed traditional mode of life, business and education all over the world. The demand for learning became more acute. For millions of people distance communications were the only link with the outer world. The need and necessity in distance access to school, secondary and higher education affected the development of new trends in the field of education. The change-over to distance learning in schools and universities requires application of different methods of involving schoolchildren and students in the process of learning and improving skills of independent thinking. The authors provided a number of recommendations dealing with multimedia technology application in distance learning, which aimed at the development of cognitive, communicative skills and skills of logical, creative and critical thinking and social literacy.
Transforming Forms and Methods of Learning: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Babynina L. S. , Kartashova L. V. , Odegov Yu. G.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the state of forms, methods and technologies of education during the period of introduced restrictive measures caused by coronavirus infection. For a generalized assessment of the current situation in the educational environment, the authors used international and Russian studies during 2020 (UNESCO global monitoring of education, reports of the International Talent Development Association, Analytical report of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, survey results of the RAEX rating agency), scientific articles and their own developments obtained within the framework of research activities in the preparation of management personnel in the framework of the Federal Presidential Program. The problems of the implementation of training that have arisen as a result of the transition to distance learning, both on the part of teachers and on the part of students, are considered. The article analyzes the reaction of students to the preservation of distance learning during the transition to the full-time format. The development of information and communication technologies allows the use of asynchronous, synchronous and blended learning. The authors identified three main problems faced by educational programs. They are associated with the forms and methods of teaching, technical and information support of the educational process, the ratio of distance learning, the transformation of digital and personal competencies of professors. It is noted that forms of blended and distance learning are becoming more and more attractive. To adapt educational programs of all levels to current trends and student needs, the authors propose to use the technology of "flipped classroom" (Flipped Classroom) or "flipped learning" (Flipped Learning).
Lauric fats from the Brazilian Amazon: babassu and murumuru
Authors:   University of Campinas, Grimaldi Larissa M. , Rodrigues de Godoi Kamila R. , Lüdtke Fernanda L. , Silva Thais J. , Gomes da Silva Mayanny , Grimaldi Renato , Badan Ribeiro Ana P.
Published: April 2021

Babassu and murumuru palms are both sources of lauric acid. Due to their high oxidative stability and well-defined melting points, fats from both plants are widely used in the cosmetic industry and in the preparation of specialty fats for confectionery, ice cream, margarines, and cocoa butter substitutes. This article reviews the composition and physicochemical properties of these exotic fats.
The logic of scientific discovery and nutritional studies
Authors: Hosseini Seyed K.
Published: April 2021

Contradictions and even opposing theories are not that unusual in science, but the increasing number of disagreements with respect to nutrition is confusing even for specialists and experts, let alone the general public. Without clear and consistent conclusions and recommendations from experts, the general public is more likely to fall for unscientific or extreme “nutrition” advice from less scrupulous sources. This article examines the reasons why nutrition studies result in so many contradictory conclusions.
Conversas em Português: estratégia de interação oral entre estudantes Erasmus e portugueses em tempo de pandemia/COVID-19
Authors: Boleo Ana
Published: April 2021

No 2º semestre do ano letivo 2019-2020, por força da COVID-19, os estudantes Erasmus que frequentavam as várias unidades orgânicas do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa viram-se privados da possibilidade que uma experiência académica internacional promove, nomeadamente o contacto social e em imersão linguística no país escolhido para estudar. O isolamento social a que nos vimos obrigados impediu, desta forma, a natural aquisição de uma língua em contexto de imersão, motivo pelo qual se pensou que seria de máxima importância proporcionar a estes estudantes a oportunidade de desenvolverem a sua competência comunicativa em português. Tendo como objetivos i) minimizar o isolamento social dos estudantes do ensino superior; ii) favorecer o enriquecimento linguístico em língua portuguesa, em contexto informal, dos estudantes Erasmus e iii) contribuir para a valorização intercultural dos estudantes, foi levada a cabo uma estratégia que pôs em diálogo estudantes Erasmus e portugueses, em quatro conversas informais orientadas, que culminou num processo de reflexão dos intervenientes, com base num inquérito por questionário. Os resultados testemunham as vantagens desta experiência, nomeadamente no que se refere à componente intercultural e ao desenvolvimento da expressão oral em português.
Saúde em rede: conhecendo as Unidades Básicas de Saúde em Campinas-SP (Brasil)
Authors: Danailof Kátia , Alves Fabíola Kenia Alves , Cesar Ivana Daniela
Published: April 2021

Tendo como referência o trabalho realizado pelas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) em diferentes bairros da cidade de Campinas-SP, o presente artigo tem como objetivo o relato de uma experiência sobre o ensino dos equipamentos do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), em meio virtual, para estudantes de formação profissional em Saúde durante a pandemia do COVID19. Metodologia: partimos de algo que é familiar ao aluno – o bairro onde mora – e construímos uma rede de relações a partir da UBS e que se encontram na assistência dos Distritos de Saúde. Resultados: Considerando a realidade local descrita pelos alunos, foi possível refletir sobre: a atenção primária em saúde e serviços disponíveis para a população, a necessidade de políticas intersetoriais para a saúde, envolvendo a manutenção dos espaços de lazer, segurança e transporte e o papel dos diferentes profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: A ação possibilitou aproximar os alunos da realidade do sistema único de saúde no Brasil a partir das memórias pessoais e da experiência. Enfatiza-se, para tanto, a necessidade de estratégias de sensibilização do futuro profissional da saúde, com vistas à formação ética e que garanta a esses alunos sua autonomia como cidadãos.
Reflexão sobre práticas de ensino de português e espanhol durante a pandemia na Nova Zelândia
Authors: Oliveira Cristiane , Direnzo Raquel
Published: April 2021

Este artigo é um relato de experiências e reflexões de práticas pedagógicas adotadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 para os cursos on-line de português e espanhol da Massey University (NZ). Antes da pandemia, esses cursos promoviam eventos presenciais e viagens de imersão para fomentar a motivação, o sentimento de pertencimento e a interação entre os alunos. Entretanto, durante a pandemia, essas atividades se tornaram inviáveis. Apresentamos neste trabalho ferramentas digitais e práticas pedagógicas que nos auxiliaram a fomentar tais aspectos em ambiente exclusivamente on-line. Apesar dos desafios impostos pelo novo cenário mundial, observamos que foi um momento importante para repensar práticas consolidadas e refletir acerca dos objetivos que almejamos para o ensino dessas línguas na Universidade.  Destacamos, também, a importância do componente emocional e afetivo – por vezes esquecido em cursos universitários e para adultos, mas extremamente importante para uma aprendizagem significativa.
Oficina de transposição de linguagem em ambiente remoto
Authors: Lima Erica , Braga Luiza , Mussili Barbara , Pinheiro Julia , Lyszy Raphaele , Santos Sabrina
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência resultante da realização de uma oficina teórico-prática de transposição de linguagem baseada no trabalho como princípio educativo e na formação politécnica dos atores envolvidos nas atividades. A oficina realizada em ambiente remoto foi aplicada em duas ações e a dois grupos distintos ao longo do primeiro semestre de 2020. As atividades da oficina foram centradas na produção de narrativas em formato de storyboards cujo objetivo era o aprendizado de aspectos gramaticais de língua portuguesa por meio da leitura crítica de uma obra literária. A noção de trabalho se refere basicamente ao desenvolvimento de uma produção intelectual que considere questões do universo contemporâneo. Ao buscar uma formação politécnica, em que o princípio educativo reside no trabalho, delineia-se a necessidade de apropriação da fundamentação teórica e dos meios tecnológicos na realização das atividades concernentes à oficina (Saviani, 2003, 2007; Maia, 2020). Assim, a aplicação da oficina proporcionou a formação teórico-prática relativamente aos fundamentos das ferramentas tecnológicas utilizadas para a comunicação remota e aos aspectos linguísticos e literários abordados.
Realizacja Regionalnych Inwestycji Terytorialnych na przykładzie subregionu ostrołęckiego
Authors: Klimkowska Justyna , Pawłowska Katarzyna
Published: April 2021

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest analizie stanu realizacji projektów w ramach Regionalnych Inwestycji Terytorialnych (RIT) na przykładzie subregionu ostrołęckiego. RIT to nowy mechanizm finansowania zaproponowany przez Samorząd Województwa Mazowieckiego na perspektywę finansową 2014–2020, mający za zadanie wspomaganie rozwoju obszarów wymagających wsparcia oraz wzmacnianie ich potencjałów poprzez rozwijanie funkcji społeczno-gospodarczych. Mechanizm ten powstał w wyniku zmiany w modelu polityki spójności Unii Europejskiej, która ma mieć ukierunkowanie terytorialne. W pierwszej części artykułu przedstawione zostały podstawowe informacje na temat samego instrumentu RIT oraz sposobu jego realizacji w województwie mazowieckim. Następnie zaprezentowano krótką charakterystykę subregionu ostrołęckiego, zawierającą informacje o zidentyfikowanych w Planie Inwestycyjnym dla Miasta Ostrołęki i subregionu ostrołęckiego potencjałach i potrzebach inwestycyjnych obszaru. W dalszej części artykułu, na podstawie danych pozyskanych z Departamentu Rozwoju Regionalnego i Funduszy Europejskich Urzędu Marszałkowskiego Województwa Mazowieckiego, informacji zawartych w Planie Inwestycyjnym dla Miasta Ostrołęki i subregionu ostrołęckiego oraz innych dostępnych źródeł, dokonano podsumowania dotychczasowej realizacji projektów w ramach mechanizmu w subregionie ostrołęckim. Ponadto, porównano subregiony województwa mazowieckiego w zakresie łącznej liczby i wartości podpisanych umów na dofinansowanie zaplanowanych przedsięwzięć. Wyniki przeprowadzonej analizy wykazały, że funkcjonowanie instrumentu RIT przynosi korzystne rezultaty zarówno w subregionie ostrołęckim, jak i w całym województwie mazowieckim. Mechanizm ten wspomaga rozwój obszarów w różnych dziedzinach, m.in.: infrastruktura drogowa, przygotowanie terenów pod działalność gospodarczą, rewitalizacja i ochrona dziedzictwa kulturowego, infrastruktura zdrowotna oraz ograniczanie niskiej emisji. Działanie mechanizmu w kolejnych perspektywach finansowych z pewnością przyczyniłoby się do dalszego wzmacniania procesów rozwojowych w subregionach województwa mazowieckiego.
Латентное накопление поверхностных состояний в МОП структурах после ионизирующего облучения
Authors: Александров О.В.
Published: April 2021

Разработана новая количественная модель латентного накопления поверхностных состояний в МОП структурах после ионизирующего облучения и длительного отжига. Модель базируется на образовании под воздействием ионизирующего облучения ионов водорода H+ не только в тонком подзатворном диэлектрике, но и в прилегающем толстом полевом диэлектрике, и их последующем дисперсионном переносе к межфазной границе с кремниевой подложкой. Плотность латентных поверхностных состояний определяется уравнением баланса пассивации и депассивации Pb-центров на межфазной границе SiO2-Si ионами водорода. Модель позволяет объяснить сопутствующее падение объемного заряда, а также спад плотности поверхностных состояний после завершения роста и удовлетворительно описывает экспериментальные данные. Ключевые слова: ионизирующее облучение, МОП структура, латентные поверхностные состояния, дисперсионный транспорт, моделирование.