bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of larval exposure to sublethal doses of ivermectin on adult fitness and susceptibility to ivermectin in Anopheles gambiae s.s.
Authors: Kiuru Caroline , Ominde Kelly , Muturi Martha , Babu Lawrence , Kung'u Caroline Wanjiku , Chaccour Carlos , Maia Marta Ferreira
Published: March 2023

Background
The effects of ivermectin (endectocide) on mosquito survival has prompted it to be considered as a potential new malaria vector control tool. The drug can be administered to mosquito disease vectors through blood hosts that include humans and livestock. It’s increased use may cause contamination of larval habitats, either directly through livestock excreta, or indirectly, through leaching or run-off from contaminated soil albeit in sublethal doses. However, the effects of such exposure on immature stages, and the subsequent adults that emerge is poorly understood. This current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of ivermectin exposure on An. gambiae s.s. larvae and its effects on fitness, and susceptibility to ivermectin in the emerging adults.
Methods
Laboratory-reared Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Kilifi strain) larvae were exposed to five different ivermectin concentrations; 0, 0.00001, 0.0001, 0.001, and 0.01 ppm, and larval survival monitored to determine the appropriate sub-lethal dose. Concentrations with survival greater than 50% (0.00001 and 0.0001 ppm) were selected and used as the sub-lethal doses. The fecundity, fertility, and susceptibility to ivermectin of adults emerging after larval exposure to the sub-lethal doses was examined.
Results
Overall, exposure of An. gambiae s.s. aquatic stages to ivermectin reduced larval survival irrespective of the stage at which the larvae were exposed. Exposure to ivermectin in the larval stage reduced the time taken to oviposition and did not have an effect on either the number of eggs laid nor the hatch rate. Additionally, exposure to ivermectin in the larval stage did not affect susceptibility of the emerging adults to the drug.
Conclusions
This study shows that contamination of larval habitats with ivermectin affects An. gambiae s.s. larval survival and could potentially have an impact on public health. However, there are no carry-over effects on the fecundity, fertility and susceptibility of the emerging adults to ivermectin. In addition, this study shows that environmental exposure to ivermectin in the larval habitats is unlikely to compromise the efficacy of ivermectin in the emerging adults.
Laser induced spectroscopy-based estimation of soil unconfined compressive strength: a machine learning approach
Authors: Wudil Y. S. , Al-Osta Mohammed A. , Al-Amoudi Omar S. Baghabra , Gondal M. A.
Published: March 2023

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an outstanding elemental detection and quantification technique employed in various fields such as engineering, science, and medicine. Machine learning techniques have generated a vast interest owing to their ability to predict unknown quantities based on previously trained algorithms. The soil unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is a critical quantity that aids engineers in auditing and designing fundamental geotechnical and environmental structures. It is a direct measure of the soil’s compaction strength. The traditional means of obtaining such a quantity is via the unconfined compression test in the laboratory. Nevertheless, the technique is time-consuming and costly, and the accuracy depends strongly on the equipment quality and expertise of the operator. Herein, we propose a pioneering method of estimating the soil UCS using machine learning algorithms based on the emission intensities of the constituent elements obtained from the LIBS system. Support vector regression (SVR) and Random Forest (RF) regression algorithms were used in modeling the soil UCS. The models’ performance was measured based on standard metric performance indicators such as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), R2-value, and the correlation coefficient (CC) between the predicted and experimental UCS values. Our results showed that the SVR outperformed the RF model with a CC of 97.9% and R2-value of 95.7% during the testing phase. The developed models were validated by investigating the UCS of lime and cement-stabilized soils whose input datasets were not considered during the model training, thus, indicating the accuracy and generalization strength of the models.
Enhanced Anti-Corrosion Efficiency and Antimicrobial Properties of Green Synthesised Nickel Oxide (NiO) Nanoparticles
Authors: Sheit H. Mohamed Kasim , Mubarak M. Seeni , Mohamed M. Varusai , Jayaprasadh M. , Mohan K.S. , Gunavathy K.V.
Published: March 2023

The numerous treatments for nano particles in the interdisciplinary field of biomedical self-discipline cannot be counted. Many researchers in biomedicine are intrigued by metallic-based nano particles. Several methods for synthesizing metal nano particles are under investigation, and green synthesis is considered a presumed choice due to its environmentally benign nature, safety from harmful chemicals, and economically favorable for synthesis. The target of the current research include the synthesis of nickel oxide nano particles (NiO NPs) through green route by using the extract prepared from the bark of Acacia Nilotica, and the analysis of its characteristics using XRD, SEM, EDAX, IR, UV-VIS, Photo luminescence spectra, microbial activity, mass loss scheme and electrochemical techniques. The diffraction analysis using X-ray (XRD) indicates the presence of NiO2 compound in the prepared nano particles. The Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the association of peaks with the C-H and Ni-O bonds present. The micro images from Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) exhibited cubic cluster morphology on its surface. The UV Vis spectra showed a maximum absorption at 264 nm. The Photoluminescence spectrum demonstrated that the green synthesized NPs of NiO has a modified emission band due to the presence of oxygen deficiencies and induced surface imperfections. A study on its microbial application confirms that the prepared NiO NPs have a great potential for inhibition against bacteria such as S. aureus and E. coli and also instrumental against microorganic fungi, Candida albicans and A. niger. The mass loss system shows a restraint effectiveness of 93.68 percent in carbon steel and the electrochemical study supports the formation of a defensive protective layer on the cathodic locales of the carbon steel surface.
Evolutionary Game Analysis of UGC Copyright Infringement Governance
Authors: Yang Sen
Published: March 2023

Based on the assumption of bounded rationality, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model of "government-platform-platform user," discusses the strategic interaction between different subjects and the influence effect of various factors, and explores the copyright governance mechanism of UGC in China. It is found that: The UGC copyright governance mechanism is a mechanism for the collaborative participation of multiple subjects at different levels, in which government departments are in a leading position in the construction of the mechanism, and platform participation in governance can significantly improve regulatory efficiency. Increasing the severity of government penalties, reducing the excess revenue of passive filtering of platforms, and the extra payment of users' infringing use can accelerate the realization of evolutionary stability strategies. There is a practical threshold for government incentives for platforms.
Unexpected functional and structural diversity in deubiquitinases of the Chlamydia-like bacterium Simkania negevensis
Authors: Boll Vanessa , Hermanns Thomas , Uthoff Matthias , Erven Ilka , Hörner Eva-Maria , Kozjak-Pavlovic Vera , Baumann Ulrich , Hofmann Kay
Published: March 2023

Besides the regulation of many cellular pathways, ubiquitination is important for the defence against invading pathogens. Some intracellular bacteria have evolved deubiquitinase (DUB) effector proteins, which interfere with the host ubiquitin system and help the pathogen to evade xenophagy and lysosomal degradation. Most intracellular bacteria encode one or two DUBs, which are often linkage-promiscuous or preferentially cleave K63-linked chains attached to bacteria or bacteria-containing vacuoles. By contrast, the respiratory pathogen Legionella pneumophila possesses a much larger number of DUB effectors, among them a K6-specific enzyme belonging to the OTU family and a M1-specific DUB uniquely found in this bacterium. Here, we report that the opportunistic pathogen Simkania negevensis, which is unrelated to Legionellabut has a similar lifestyle, encodes a similarly high number of DUBs, including M1- and K6-specific enzymes. The SimkaniaDUBs are highly diverse and include DUB classes never before seen in bacteria. Interestingly, the M1- and K6-specific DUBs of Legionella and Simkaniaare unrelated, suggesting that their acquisition happened independently. We have characterized the DUB activity of eight Simkania-encoded enzymes belonging to five different DUB classes. We also provide a structural basis for the M1-specificity of a Simkania DUB, which most likely evolved from a eukaryotic otubain-like precursor.
Validation of Local Thermal Equilibrium (LTE) in Porous Media for Variation in Flow rate and Permeability: Transient Analysis
Authors: Rudresh Gudekota , Rathore Surendra Singh , Mehta Balkrishna
Published: March 2023

The usage of porous media is one of the effective ways to augment the heat transfer in micro-to-mini scale channels due to its enormously high surface area, enhanced thermophysical properties, and dispersion effect to transfer the thermal energy between the heated channel wall and fluid at a faster rate. However, there is ambiguity associated with the extent of thermal equilibrium between the solid and fluid phases, and therefore, also in the selection of suitable heat transfer model. In the current study, the numerical analysis of thermo-hydrodynamics for the porous media filled in the channel for incompressible laminar forced convective flow with varying Reynolds number and Darcy number is delt. The validity of the local thermal equilibrium (LTE) condition is performed for transient case to study the effects of the parameters that governs the flow and thermal effects, i.e., Reynolds number (Re) in the range of 10 < Re < 1000 and Darcy number (Da) in the range of 10^-6 < Da < 10^0 . The results of the present study show that for higher range of flow rate (Re > 100), the LTE assumption is valid for all ranges of Da, however, for the lower range of flow rate (Re < 100), the LTE assumption deviates for higher Da
RORB, an Alzheimer’s disease susceptibility gene, is associated with viral encephalitis, an Alzheimer’s disease risk factor
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Rheinstein Peter
Published: March 2023

Background: Viral encephalitis increases later-life risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by a factor of 31.
Methods: To further evaluate this finding, we examined the relationship of West Nile virus (WNV) to Alzheimer’s disease in 50 US states. In addition, we performed a genome wide association study (GWAS) of viral encephalitis cases in UK Biobank (UKBB) to see if any encephalitis genes might be related to AD.
Results: WNV was significantly associated with deaths from Alzheimer’s disease in 50 US states (r = 0.806, p < 0.001). One gene, RORB-AS1, was most significantly related on GWAS to viral encephalitis. RORB-AS1 (RORB Antisense RNA 1) is an RNA gene. Diseases associated with RORB-AS1 include childhood epilepsy and idiopathic generalized epilepsy. The closely related RORB (Related Orphan Receptor B) is a marker of selectively AD vulnerable excitatory neurons in the entorhinal cortex; these neurons are depleted and susceptible to neurofibrillary inclusions during AD progression.
Conclusion: data presented here confirm the association of viral encephalitis with AD and suggest that WNV infection is a significant AD risk factor. A human WNV vaccine could reduce Alzheimer’s disease morbidity and mortality. In addition, GWAS suggests that the gene RORB, an important AD vulnerability factor, is significantly related to viral encephalitis.
Non-hermiticity in spintronics: oscillation death in coupled spintronic nano-oscillators through emerging exceptional points
Authors: Wittrock Steffen , Perna Salvatore , Lebrun Romain , Ho Katia , Dutra Roberta , Ferreira Ricardo , Bortolotti Paolo , Serpico Claudio , Cros Vincent
Published: March 2023

The emergence of exceptional points (EPs) in the parameter space of a non-hermitian (2D) eigenvalue problem is studied in a general sense in mathematical physics, and has in the last decade successively reached the scope of experiments. In coupled systems, it gives rise to unique physical phenomena, which enable novel approaches for the development of seminal types of highly sensitive sensors. Here, we demonstrate at room temperature the emergence of EPs in coupled spintronic nanoscale oscillators and hence exploit the system’s non-hermiticity. We describe the observation of amplitude death of self-oscillations and other complex dynamics, and develop a linearized non-hermitian model of the coupled spintronic system, which properly describes the main experimental features. Interestingly, these spintronic nanoscale oscillators are deployment-ready in different applicational technologies, such as field, current or rotation sensors, radiofrequeny and wireless devices and, more recently, novel neuromorphic hardware solutions. Their unique and versatile properties, notably their large nonlinear behavior, open up unprecedented perspectives in experiments as well as in theory on the physics of exceptional points. Furthermore, the exploitation of EPs in spintronics devises a new paradigm for ultrasensitive nanoscale sensors and the implementation of complex dynamics in the framework of non-conventional computing.
Analysis of phytochemical composition and biological activities of Helichrysum pallasii (Sprengel) ledeb leaves
Authors: IŞIK Nejmi , MÜKEMRE Muzaffer , TÜRKER Rabia Sena , ZENGİN Gokhan , DALAR Abdullah
Published: March 2023

This study aimed at the investigation of in vitro biological activities (antioxidant and enzyme inhibition) and phytochemical composition of various extracts (ethanol maceration, aqueous infusion, and aqueous decoction) obtained from leaf organs of Helichrysum pallasii, which has been traditionally used as herbal tea and medicine in Eastern Anatolia.
Experimental analysis showed that ethanol-based extract had higher total phenolic content (TPC: 103 mg GAE/gE) and showed superior antioxidant potentials (FRAP: 2205 μmol Fe2+/gE; ORAC: 2540 μmol Trolox Eq./gE; DPPH: IC50=0.58 mg/ml; CUPRAC: IC50=0.37 mg/ml; Phosphomolybdenum: IC50=1.34 mg/ml ve metal chelation: IC50=1.42 mg/ml) and enzyme inhibition (Acetylcholinesterase: IC50=1.49 mg/ml; Butyrylcholinesterase: IC50=1.98 mg/ml; Tyrosinase: IC50=0.68 mg/ml; Alpha-amylase: IC50=2.09 mg/ml; Alpha-glucosidase: IC50=0.51 mg/ml; and Pancreatic lipase: IC50=42.5 μg/ml) and contained higher amounts of phenolic (chlorogenic acid isomers and rutin) and fatty acid (palmitic, linoleic, and linolenic acids) compounds than traditional preparations (infusion and decoction).
The current study's findings indicate that the leaves of the Helichrysum pallasii are a source of phytochemicals with strong antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties, implying that it could be a candidate for biotherapeutic agent research and development.
COVID-19 Infection Changes the Functions and Morphology of Erythrocytes: A Multidisciplinary Study
Authors: Sales Marcos , Tanabe Eloiza , Maciel Thamilla , Tavares Maria , Leal Juliana , Pinto Larissa , Pires Keyla , Coelho Jorge , Silva Elaine , Souza Samuel , Fonseca Eduardo , Fragoso Thiago , Aquino Thiago , Borbely Alexandre , Rocha Ueslen , Santos Josué , Leite Ana Catarina
Published: March 2023

Hematological problems are associated with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Respiratory impairment is the higher point studied, although without experimental studies related to the oxygen transport performed by erythrocytes. Therefore, we decided to investigate if erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients have their functionality changed. The case-control study included hospitalized patients with a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result admitted to University Hospital. Volunteers (negative RT-PCR results) were recruited as a control group. Thus, we assessed different erythrocytes parameters, oxidative stress markers, and biophysical studies using whole blood and isolated hemoglobin. We found a decrease of 51% in oxygen uptake and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Raman spectrometry showed structural changes in the hemoglobin and lipids of the erythrocytes from COVID-19 patients; thus, these results were consolidated with an increase in Young’s modulus in erythrocytes followed by morphology changes. Besides, isolated hemoglobin from COVID-19 patients has a distinct interaction profile using a ligand model compared to the control. COVID-19 leads to structural, functional, and morphological damage to human erythrocytes. Our data showed structural and molecular changes and induction of oxidative stress in erythrocytes by COVID-19, a new perspective on the contribution of erythrocytes to a respiratory commitment in COVID-19.
A review on the use and applications of Volatile Fatty Acids on fecal sludge sanitization
Authors: Zewde Abraham Amenay , Li Zifu , Zhou Xiaoqin
Published: March 2023

Basic sanitation is still lacking in many developing countries, resulting in significant environmental health risks. The efficient disposal of food waste with potential resource recovery has recently gained much attention. Food waste is considered to be a favourable substrate for the anaerobic digestion (AD) because it has easy biodegradability, rich nutrient availability, and high water content. Waste disposal as well as energy recovery can be achieved through AD of food waste. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are among the essential intermediates produced when organic waste is treated in the AD process. They are produced during the acidogenesis and acetogenesis stages of AD. VFA is an important substrate for the microorganisms that are involved in the production of biodegradable plastics, bioenergy, nutrient removal processes, and the inactivation of pathogens. Since the degree of acidification and the key metabolic pathways during fermentation are influenced by the characteristics of the substrate, the amount and composition of VFAs obtained during the AD process may vary depending on the substrate used. This article reviews the achievements and applications of VFAs to inactivate pathogens.
Различия в событийно-связанных потенциалах на лица при правильном и ошибочном распознавании экспрессии
Authors: Гапченко Константин
Published: March 2023

Зрительные компоненты событийно-связанных потенциалов (ССП) зависят от различных характеристик стимульного материала, однако их эмоциональная специфичность является предметом дискуссий. Целью данного исследования является попытка установить различия в активности биотоков мозга при правильном и ошибочном распознавании лицевой экспрессии. Предполагается, что характеристики ССП при правильном и ошибочном восприятии различных эмоциональных выражений имеют значимые отличия. В исследовании приняли участие 100 студентов высших учебных заведений в возрасте от 19 до 21 года с нормальным зрением. В качестве стимульного материала было использовано 490 лиц, изображенных анфас, отображающих 6 базовых эмоций по классификации Экмана, также было использовано нейтральное выражение лица. Далее, осуществлялась первичная обработка и сортировка полученных отрезков электроэнцефалограммы с целью выделения вызванных потенциалов. В результате были получены по 6 ССП для каждого из 128 отведений, подвергшиеся сравнительному анализу. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о существовании отличий ССП в процессе правильного и ошибочного восприятия экспрессии. При этом расхождения ССП формируются во временном окне 100-300 мс и различаются для разных видов экспрессий. Для обнаруженных отличий ССП также характерна конкретная область коры – задняя дорсальная лобная кора. Данную область связывают с механизмами работы и когнитивного контроля рабочей памяти. Новизна данного исследования заключается в обнаруженных различиях между реакциями мозга на правильную и ошибочную идентификацию лиц различной эмоциональной окраски. Полученные сведения, в ходе дальнейшего изучения, вероятно, могут расширить уже имеющиеся представления об особенностях функционирования структур головного мозга.
Time-restricted Feeding Changes as Inspiration for Drug Design
Authors: He Zhangyuting , Yang Huayu , Mao Yilei
Published: March 2023

:

Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a special lifestyle intervention that improves glucose metabolism,
regulates lipid metabolism, increases gut micro richness, and strengthens circadian rhythm. Diabetes is a
remarkable component of metabolic syndrome, and individuals with diabetes can benefit from TRF. Melatonin
and agomelatine can strengthen circadian rhythm, which is a crucial mechanism of TRF. New drug designs can
be inspired by the related mechanisms and influences of TRF on glucose metabolism, and more researches are
needed to clarify the specific diet-related mechanisms and apply this knowledge to further drug design.
Vibration Control and Energy Harvesting in Aerospace Engineering Using Nonlinear Energy Sinks
Authors: Li Haiqin , Li Ang , Kong Xianren
Published: March 2023

The fact that spacecraft faces a rich and complex dynamic environment makes the development of vibration control and energy harvesting techniques a special concern in space engineering. Nonlinear Energy Sink is such a technique that has developed recently. It generally refers to a lightweight nonlinear device, that is attached to a primary system with essential nonlinear couplings. A special one-way energy transfer called targeted energy transfer (TET) could be observed for passive energy localization into itself. By taking advantage of such essential nonlinearities and the TET phenomenon, NES could be designed as smart and lightweight vibration absorbers or energy harvesters, in a broadband manner, which is especially suitable for the need in aerospace engineering. This chapter is thus devoted to the nonlinear dynamics of vibrational systems with coupled NESs and their applications in the field of passive vibration suppression and vibration energy harvesting.
FTCESO-based Prescribed Time Control for Satellite Cluster Reconstruction
Authors: Li Siyuan , Sun Zhaowei , Yang Yang , Wang Fenglin
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a prescribed time control strategy for satellite cluster formation reconstruction with multiple environmental disturbances and thruster constraints is proposed. Firstly, a finite time convergent extended state observer (FTCESO) is used to eliminate the effects of external disturbances. And it has been proved to be able to accurately estimate the total disturbances of the satellite cluster in a short time. Secondly, based on the sliding mode, a prescribed time controller with piecewise control law is designed for satellite cluster reconstruction which can ensure that the satellites move to the specified configuration at a prescribed time. Then, the convergence of the controller is proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, compared with a sliding mode controller, a numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Wstępne studium budowy głębokowodnego portu morskiego „Władysławowo”
Authors: Wójcicki Tadeusz
Published: March 2023

W Polsce prawdziwe nabrzeża głębokowodne znajdują się jedynie w porcie morskim w Gdańsku. Niewątpliwie tak korzystne warunki hydrotechniczne sprawiły, że port w Gdańsku jest największy. Pociąga to za sobą również skutki niekorzystne, spowodowane nadmiernym skupieniem przeładunków na niewielkiej przestrzeni oraz stanowi zagrożenie niezawodności dostaw morskich do portów. Warto zatem rozważyć zasadność i możliwość budowy dodatkowego portu głębokowodnego, położonego w obrębie aglomeracji gdańskiej, ale na jej północno-zachodnim krańcu, czyli na odcinku wybrzeża między Karwią a Władysławowem. Tę ogólną lokalizację od nazwy największego miasta w rejonie nazwano „Władysławowo”. W niniejszym artykule dokonano analizy planistycznych, urbanistycznych, komunikacyjnych, hydrologicznych i ekologicznych warunków budowy portu „Władysławowo”. Na tej podstawie wykonano analizę celowości inwestycji, która doprowadziła do wniosku o zasadności realizacji inwestycji, wobec czego zaproponowano 5 wariantów lokalizacji, a następnie przeprowadzono dla nich analizę wielokryterialną i określono wariant optymalny. Celowość inwestycji wykazano poprzez jej porównanie z konkurencyjnymi, opracowanymi już planami rozbudowy istniejących portów w Gdańsku i Gdyni przez ich uzupełnienie o nowe części głębokowodne, zwane odpowiednio Portem Centralnym i Portem Zewnętrznym. Opracowany ogólny program inwestycji przewiduje powstanie w ramach portu dużej bazy kontenerowej, terminali gazowego (LNG) i naftowego, bazy promowej, nabrzeży dla statków pasażerskich, a ponadto części wojennej. Przyjęto lokalizację portu na otwartym morzu na sztucznej wyspie albo półwyspie, odrzucając jednocześnie możliwość lokalizacji portu w głębi lądu. Określono wstępnie następujące warianty lokalizacji dla projektowanego portu: „Karwia”, „Ostrowo”, „Chłapowo”, „Cetniewo” i „Władysławowo Centrum”, a następnie dla każdego wariantu określono ogólne uwarunkowania lokalne. Na tej podstawie wykonano analizę wielokryterialną wariantów, w wyniku której okazało się, że optymalną lokalizacją inwestycji jest wariant 2 „Ostrowo”, ale można również brać pod uwagę niewiele gorszą, drugą w kolejności lokalizację, tj. wariant 5 „Władysławowo Centrum”. Oba te warianty są najmniej uciążliwe dla środowiska, charakteryzują się małą długością toru wodnego do portu i stosunkowo niskim poziomem konfliktowości społecznej. Słowa kluczowe: transport wodny, budowa portów morskich, optymalizacja lokalizacji inwestycji transportowych, studia wykonalności, hydrologia, ochrona środowiska
الأطفال ومواقع التواصل الاجتماعي
Authors: Mawlood Zorab Ibrahim , Muhammad Ghafur Tahir
Published: March 2023

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة مساوئ استخدام مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي وتأثيرها في تربية الأطفال لما لها بعض أضرار سلبية آخرى، نطرق في هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة استخدام مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي ومن خلال هذا البحث نطرح عدة اشكاليات حول مفهوم استخدام مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي ومساوئها على تربية الأطفال، وأهمية مخاطرها على الطفل، استخدمت في هذه الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وتوصلت إلى عدة نتائج وأهمها أرى إن الاستخدام مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي بشكل مفرط يترك أثاراً سلبية على الأطفال من ناحية تربوية ونفسية وصحية، لاسيما خلال فترة نموه، كذلك مخاطرها على تنميه قدراتهم الذهنية والجسدية، وإن غياب وعي لاستخدام مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي اصبح عائقاً أمام الأمثل كما أوصت في هذه الدراسة بتقليل الاستخدام المفرط لمواقع التواصل الاجتماعي وتحديدا عند استخدامها للساعات طويلة ومحاولة شغل وقت الطفل بنشاطات الأخرى بعيدة عن استخدام الهاتف الذكي، إذ تنمي مهاراته الذهنية والعقلية بما يتناسب الواقع الذي يعايشه.
Componente animal: salud animal
Authors: Perdomo Ayola Sandra , Cubides Cárdenas Jaime Andrés , Ortiz Ortega Diego , Hernández Cristian Camilo , Gómez Julio
Published: March 2023

Mantener los animales en un lugar limpio, seco, protegido de predadores y condiciones climáticas.
Development of a Secondary Prevention Smartphone App for Students With Unhealthy Alcohol Use: Results From a Qualitative Assessment
Authors: Bertholet Nicolas , Schmutz Elodie , Cunningham John A , McNeely Jennifer , Gmel Gerhard , Daeppen Jean-Bernard , Grazioli Véronique S
Published: March 2023

Background

Despite considerable efforts devoted to the development of prevention interventions aiming at reducing unhealthy alcohol use in tertiary students, their delivery remains often challenging. Interventions including information technology are promising given their potential to reach large parts of the population.

Objective

This study aims to develop a secondary prevention smartphone app with an iterative qualitative design involving the target population.

Methods

The app development process included testing a first prototype and a second prototype, developed based on the results of 2 consecutive qualitative assessments. Participants (aged ≥18 years, screened positive for unhealthy alcohol use) were students from 4 tertiary education institutions in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Participants tested prototype 1 or prototype 2 or both and provided feedback in 1-to-1 semistructured interviews after 2-3 weeks of testing.

Results

The mean age of the participants was 23.3 years. A total of 9 students (4/9 female) tested prototype 1 and participated in qualitative interviews. A total of 11 students (6/11 female) tested prototype 2 (6 who tested prototype 1 and 5 new) and participated in semistructured interviews. Content analysis identified 6 main themes: “General Acceptance of the App,” “Importance of the Targeted and Relevant App Content,” “Importance of Credibility,” “Importance of the App Usability,” “Importance of a Simple and Attractive Design,” “Importance of Notifications to Ensure App Use over Time.” Besides a general acceptance of the app, these themes reflected participants’ recommendations toward increased usability; to improve the design; to include useful and rewarding contents; to make the app look serious and credible; and to add notifications to ensure its use over time. A total of 11 students tested prototype 2 (6 who tested prototype 1 and 5 new) and participated in semistructured interviews. The 6 same themes emerged from the analysis. Participants from phase 1 generally found the design and content of the app improved.

Conclusions

Students recommend prevention smartphone apps to be easy to use, useful, rewarding, serious, and credible. These findings may be important to consider when developing prevention smartphone apps to increase the likelihood of app use over time.

Trial Registration

ISRCTN registry 10007691; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10007691

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.1186/s13063-020-4145-2
Mental Health in Urban Environments: Uncovering the Black Box of Person-Place Interactions Requires Interdisciplinary Approaches
Authors: Kanning Martina , Yi Li , Yang Chih-Hsiang , Niermann Christina , Fina Stefan
Published: March 2023

Living in urban environments affects individuals’ mental health through different pathways. For instance, physical activity and social participation are seen as mediators. However, aiming to understand underlying mechanisms, it is necessary to consider that the individual is interacting with its environment. In this regard, this viewpoint discusses how urban health research benefits from integration of socioecological and interdisciplinary perspectives, combined with innovative ambulatory data assessments that enable researchers to integrate different data sources. It is stated that neither focusing on the objective and accurate assessment of the environment (from the perspective of spatial sciences) nor focusing on subjectively measured individual variables (from the public health as well as a psychosocial perspective) alone is suitable to further develop the field. Addressing person-place interactions requires an interdisciplinary view on the level of theory (eg, which variables should be focused on?), assessment methods (eg, combination of time-varying objective and subjective measures), as well as data analysis and interpretation.
Firstly, this viewpoint gives an overview on previous findings addressing the relationship of environmental characteristics to physical activity and mental health outcomes. We emphasize the need for approaches that allow us to appropriately assess the real-time interaction between a person and a specific environment and examine within-subject associations. This requires the assessment of environmental features, the spatial-temporal behavior of the individual, and the subjective experiences of the situation together with other individual factors, such as momentary affective states. Therefore, we finally focused on triggered study designs as an innovative ambulatory data assessment approach that allows us to capture real-time data in predefined situations (eg, while walking through a specific urban area).
An Online Acceptance and Mindfulness Intervention for Chronic Pain in Veterans: Development and Protocol for a Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Reilly Erin D , Kathawalla Ummul-Kiram , Robins Hannah E , Heapy Alicia A , Hogan Timothy P , Waring Molly E , Quigley Karen S , Drebing Charles E , Bickmore Timothy , Volonte Matias , Kelly Megan M
Published: March 2023

Background

In the veteran community, chronic pain is particularly prevalent and often debilitating. Until recently, veterans with chronic pain were offered primarily pharmacological intervention options, which rarely suffice and can also have negative health consequences. To better address chronic pain in veterans, the Veterans Health Administration has invested in novel, nonpharmacological behavior interventions that target both pain management and chronic pain–related functional issues. One approach, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for chronic pain, is supported by decades of efficacy evidence for improving pain outcomes; however, ACT can be difficult to obtain owing to issues such as a lack of trained therapists or veterans having difficulty committing to the time and resources needed for the full clinician-led ACT protocol. Given the strong ACT evidence base combined with access limitations, we set out to develop and evaluate Veteran ACT for Chronic Pain (VACT-CP), an online program guided by an embodied conversational agent to improve pain management and functioning.

Objective

The aims of this study are to develop, iteratively refine, and then conduct a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a VACT-CP group (n=20) versus a waitlist and treatment-as-usual control group (n=20).

Methods

This research project includes 3 phases. In phase 1, our research team consulted with pain and virtual care experts, developed the preliminary VACT-CP online program, and conducted interviews with providers to obtain their feedback on the intervention. In phase 2, we incorporated feedback from phase 1 into the VACT-CP program and completed initial usability testing with veterans with chronic pain. In phase 3, we are conducting a small pilot feasibility RCT, with the primary outcome being assessment of usability of the VACT-CP system.

Results

This study is currently in phase 3; recruitment for the RCT began in April 2022 and is expected to continue through April 2023. Data collection is expected to be completed by October 2023, with full data analysis completed by late 2023.

Conclusions

The findings from this research project will provide information on the usability of the VACT-CP intervention, as well as secondary outcomes related to treatment satisfaction, pain outcomes (pain-related daily functioning and pain severity), ACT processes (pain acceptance, behavioral avoidance, and valued living), and mental and physical functioning.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03655132; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03655132

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/45887
An Online Acceptance and Mindfulness Intervention for Chronic Pain in Veterans: Development and Protocol for a Pilot Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Reilly Erin D , Kathawalla Ummul-Kiram , Robins Hannah E , Heapy Alicia A , Hogan Timothy P , Waring Molly E , Quigley Karen S , Drebing Charles E , Bickmore Timothy , Volonte Matias , Kelly Megan M
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

In the veteran community, chronic pain is particularly prevalent and often debilitating. Until recently, veterans with chronic pain were offered primarily pharmacological intervention options, which rarely suffice and can also have negative health consequences. To better address chronic pain in veterans, the Veterans Health Administration has invested in novel, nonpharmacological behavior interventions that target both pain management and chronic pain–related functional issues. One approach, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for chronic pain, is supported by decades of efficacy evidence for improving pain outcomes; however, ACT can be difficult to obtain owing to issues such as a lack of trained therapists or veterans having difficulty committing to the time and resources needed for the full clinician-led ACT protocol. Given the strong ACT evidence base combined with access limitations, we set out to develop and evaluate Veteran ACT for Chronic Pain (VACT-CP), an online program guided by an embodied conversational agent to improve pain management and functioning.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study are to develop, iteratively refine, and then conduct a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a VACT-CP group (n=20) versus a waitlist and treatment-as-usual control group (n=20).

METHODS

This research project includes 3 phases. In phase 1, our research team consulted with pain and virtual care experts, developed the preliminary VACT-CP online program, and conducted interviews with providers to obtain their feedback on the intervention. In phase 2, we incorporated feedback from phase 1 into the VACT-CP program and completed initial usability testing with veterans with chronic pain. In phase 3, we are conducting a small pilot feasibility RCT, with the primary outcome being assessment of usability of the VACT-CP system.

RESULTS

This study is currently in phase 3; recruitment for the RCT began in April 2022 and is expected to continue through April 2023. Data collection is expected to be completed by October 2023, with full data analysis completed by late 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings from this research project will provide information on the usability of the VACT-CP intervention, as well as secondary outcomes related to treatment satisfaction, pain outcomes (pain-related daily functioning and pain severity), ACT processes (pain acceptance, behavioral avoidance, and valued living), and mental and physical functioning.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03655132; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03655132

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/45887
Jóvenes y subjetividades frente a la inseguridad laboral en México: prácticas, estrategias y significados
Authors: Alejandro Randi Sergio Adrián
Published: March 2023

En la presente investigación se aborda la problemática de la inseguridad laboral en los jóvenes trabajadores de la Ciudad de México, analizando, mediante la teoría de Pierre Bourdieu, sus prácticas, estrategias y significados frente a los riesgos laborales. A partir de conceptos como sentido práctico, estrategia o habitus, se intenta abordar las distintas experiencias de los jóvenes en su trayectoria laboral y visualizar qué significados les dan a sus prácticas en relación con la inseguridad estructural del mercado de trabajo. Se ana- lizan las formas de agenciamiento que emergen de dichas prácticas y sus limitaciones, así como los ámbitos de socialización de los riesgos que pueden configurarse a partir de la familiarización, la mercantilización o la desmercantilización a partir de políticas públicas. Finalmente, se analizan los hallazgos del trabajo de investigación a partir de entrevistas a jóvenes adultos y se realiza una descripción de las prácticas más relevantes, como el ahorro, la capacitación continua y la auto explotación, que permiten concluir que existe un alto grado de individualización de los riesgos e inseguridad laboral, generando junto a otros factores la ausencia de articulación de demandas colectivas o acción sindical por parte de los jóvenes trabajadores.
Modelo biopolítico en Giorgio Agamben. La politización de la vida potencialmente en riesgo de muerte
Authors: Alarcón Consuegra Sara , Lozano Suarez Luz María
Published: March 2023

Giorgio Agamben, en la saga homo sacer, desarrolla el modelo de la biopolítica a partir del análisis arqueológico de figuras caracterizadas por simbolizar en sí mismas la dinámica inclusión-exclusión: el soberano, el estado de excepción, la nuda vida y el homo sacer. La integración de estos conceptos permite al filósofo italiano concebir el paradigma biopolítico de Occidente: el estado de excepción como el umbral en el que se suspende la ley haciendo posible la regulación política de la vida en cuanto nuda vida que le pertenece al homo sacer, al que cualquiera puede dar muerte sin ser considerado homicidio. De tal modo, puede distinguirse el modelo biopolítico agambiano centrado en la politización de la vida potencialmente en riesgo de muerte, debido a que desde este enfoque la biopolítica se dirige siempre a fijar los sujetos cuya vida es tenida en cuenta simplemente para darles legalmente muerte. En este sentido, el objetivo del escrito consiste, por medio de un enfoque interpretativo, en analizar la óptica biopolítica desde el mencionado filósofo a partir del concepto de riesgo.
Retrocracia: notas para una recalificación de la democracia
Authors: Riba Jordi
Published: March 2023

La intención de este artículo es explorar nuevas formas de expresión de la Biopolítica, surgidas a tenor de las transformaciones sociales y políticas obra del empoderamiento ciudadano, contemplado como el efecto no deseado del neoliberalismo; son factores del desarrollo de un malestar y temor del Estado, que interrelacionados dan forma a nuevas maneras de concebir la democracia. Esta nueva forma se articula bajo formas fake que esconden esas nuevas formas de dominación propias del modo hobbesiano de entender la política.
The Obligations of the Nuclear-Weapon States in International Waters Included in Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones
Authors: López Lechuga Jorge Alberto
Published: March 2023

The effectiveness of nuclear-weapon-free zones cannot be understood without considering the law of the sea. Some nuclear-weapon-free zones include international waters in their areas of application, which provoked some nuclear-weapon States that are parties to protocols to such treaties to issue reservations on the geographical scope of such zones. This article argues that the nuclear-weapon-free zones that include exclusive economic zones and high seas in their areas of application were established in accordance with the law of the sea and, therefore, there is no reason why the nuclear-weapon States should not review their reservations in this respect.
A denegação de homologação de sentença arbitral estrangeira com fundamento na ausência de imparcialidade do árbitro
Authors: Fornasar María Laura
Published: March 2023

O presente artigo vai tratar da situação em que se alega o não cabimento da homologação da sentença arbitral estrangeira com fundamento na ausência de imparcialidade do árbitro. Buscar-se-á primeiro entender o que a doutrina e a jurisprudência consideram como ausência de imparcialidade do árbitro. Em seguida, verificar-se-á se a falta de imparcialidade do árbitro é capaz de resultar na denegação de homologação da sentença arbitral estrangeira. Será discutido qual seria o fundamento para denegação, partindo-se da análise da Convenção de Nova Iorque de 1958. A apresentação do posicionamento da jurisprudência estrangeira e especialmente da jurisprudência brasileira sobre o tema será importante para se chegar a conclusões a respeito da possibilidade ou não da denegação e para tentar identificar os parâmetros utilizados nas decisões denegatórias.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality On Level of Labour Pain Among Primigravida Women – A Randomized Prospective, Passive Control, Interventional Trial
Authors: R Umamaheswari , M Annie Annal , S Lavanya , V Poongodi
Published: March 2023

Childbirth is a natural process, and its pain is perceived as normal. Labor pain is a universal experience for women; it is a highly unpleasant sensation that cannot be shared with others. Virtual reality (VR) learning is a technology that allows the user to explore and manipulate computer-generated real or artificial three-dimensional (3D) multimedia sensory environments in real-time. It allows for a first-person active learning experience through different levels of immersion, that is, a perception of the digital world as real and the ability to interact with objects. The objectives were 1. To assess the level of labor pain among primigravid women admitted in the labor ward. 2.To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality on the level of labor pain among the primigravid women admitted to the labor ward. 3. To find out the association between the level of labor pain among the primigravid women with selected True experimental research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was Primigravid women with labor pain. Totally 60 samples were selected by Random sampling technique (lottery method), 30 in each group. Group I (experimental) received the virtual reality technique, and group II (control) received routine care. Pre-test was done using a structured questionnaire and assessment of the level of pain perception by numerical pain rating scale. In the post-test, after giving the Virtual reality technique to group 1 level of labor pain was assessed with a numerical pain rating scale. The results revealed that in the pre-test, the majority of samples, 24(80%), had severe pain,5(16.7%) had moderate pain, and 1(3.3%) had the worst pain in both the experimental and control group. In posttest, the majority of sample in group I 24(80%) had moderate pain, 2(6.7%) had mild pain, 4(13.3%) had severe pain and in group II 3(10%) had moderate pain, 25(83.3%) had severe pain, 2(6.7%) had worst pain. In the pre-test, the experimental and control group's mean and standard deviation values were 7.4, 1.04, and 7.57, 1.22 respectively. In the post-test, the experimental and control group's mean and standard deviation values are 5.23,1.25 and 8.07,1.01, respectively. The obtained Wilcoxon signed ranks test value for experimental group 4.867 and p-value < 0.0001. The Study findings reveal that the virtual reality technique effectively reduced labor pain among primigravid women using a numerical pain scale score.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Study of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis with Ancillary Diagnostic Procedures- Analytical Study from A Resource Limited Domicile of East Coastal Region
Authors: K Anandraj vaithy , E Keerthika Sri , .K S. Shanmugasamy , S Sowmya
Published: March 2023

Tuberculosis remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like India despite intense health campaigning and Government Programmes. Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most common extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis; the incidence is still on a higher margin, especially in resource-poor areas, which often goes unnoticed and remains to date as a diagnostic challenge to Pathologists. The novel aim was to advocate the best method for early and correct diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis to initiate early appropriate treatment.: In the prospective study conducted in our institute, Puducherry, a total number of 145 cases clinically suspected of tuberculous lymphadenopathy were included, and patients with neoplastic lesions were excluded from this study. The lymph node aspirate collected was analyzed for tuberculous cytomorphological changes using routine cytological stains and correlated observations with the results of various ancillary diagnostic procedures. Among 145 cases studied, 25 aspirates showed classical tuberculous patterns on cytomorphology, correlating well with histopathology (100%), PCR (100%), and culture (92%), respectively. In the rest of the 120 cases carrying non-tuberculous patterns on cytology, further exploration by ancillary diagnostic procedures revealed tuberculosis in 35 cases on histopathology, which PCR confirms in 25 available cases and culture study.FNAC results in adjunction with histopathology, and PCR showed increased reliability and pick-up rate in diagnosing atypical presentations of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Therefore, the PCR procedure of even conventional method should be widely employed in endemic areas of resource-poor regions.