bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin G4 related systemic sclerosing disease involving the temporal bone
Authors: Masterson L , Del Pero M Martinez , Donnelly N , Moffat D A , Rytina E
Published: June 2010

Objective:

To report a rare condition affecting the temporal bone. Immunoglobulin G4 related systemic sclerosing disease is a recently described autoimmune condition with manifestations typically involving the pancreas, biliary system, salivary glands, lungs, kidneys and prostate. Histologically, it is characterised by T-cell infiltration, fibrosis and numerous immunoglobulin G4-positive plasma cells. This condition previously fell under the umbrella diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumour and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour.

Case report:

We present the case of a 58-year-old woman with multiple inflammatory masses involving the pharynx, gall bladder, lungs, pelvis, omentum, eyes and left temporal bone, over a seven-year period. We describe this patient's unusual clinical course and pathological features, which resulted in a change of diagnosis from metastatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour to immunoglobulin G4 related systemic sclerosing disease. We also review the literature regarding the management of inflammatory pseudotumours of the temporal bone, and how this differs from the management of immunoglobulin G4 related systemic sclerosing disease.

Conclusion:

We would recommend a full review of all histological specimens in patients with a diagnosis of temporal bone inflammatory pseudotumour or inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour. Consideration should be given to immunohistochemical analysis for anaplastic lymphoma kinase and immunoglobulin G4, with measurement of serum levels of the latter. Management of the condition is medical, with corticosteroids and immunosuppression, rather than surgical excision.
Medicolegal significance of asymmetrical hearing loss in cases of industrial noise exposure
Authors: Fernandes S V , Fernandes C M
Published: June 2010

Objective:

In Australia, the current guidelines for evaluation of noise-induced hearing loss suggest that, in cases of asymmetrical loss, ‘the worse ear be equated to the better ear’ for purposes of compensation. This study aimed to establish that such a method was prejudicial to the worker (i.e. the plaintiff). In consideration of the legal duty ‘to co-construct the ideas of truth and the ideas of justice in the context of legal proceedings’, our study objectives were (1) to document the incidence of asymmetrical hearing loss in compensation cases seen in our practice, and (2) to provide a reasoned argument for inclusion of the same for compensation considerations.

Study design:

Open, retrospective, clinical study.

Setting:

Australian plaintiffs with asymmetrical hearing loss (who comprise a significant percentage of industrial hearing loss legal cases) may be excluded from full consideration of their hearing loss as a result of the current guidelines. In contrast to the process of medical diagnosis and treatment, it appeared that the application of accepted probability standards within the legal process may permit inclusion of such clients' hearing loss in compensation considerations.

Methods:

This study included 208 consecutive clients referred by legal practitioners for assessment of hearing loss for compensation purposes.

Results and conclusion:

A total of 22.6 per cent of clients (47 of 208) had asymmetrical hearing loss, with the left side having the greater loss in 60 per cent of cases. We believe that asymmetrical hearing loss should be included in compensation considerations, both on medical and legal grounds.
Patterns of variation in behaviour within and among reef fish species on an isolated tropical island: influence of exposure and substratum
Authors: Krajewski João Paulo , Floeter Sergio R. , Jones Geoffrey P. , Leite Fosca P.P.
Published: June 2010

Here we studied the activity budgets of nine common reef fish in the oceanic archipelago of Fernando de Noronha, off north-east Brazil. Species were variable in their behaviour between different sites and similarities in their activity budgets were not necessarily associated with their trophic group. For four species we investigated the relationship of their activity budgets to wave exposure and substratum composition. Staying close to the substratum was positively correlated to wave exposure for most species and foraging was negatively correlated to exposure for two species. By behaving this way, these fish may save energy by avoiding swimming in higher water flux. In contrast to relationships with wave exposure, the responses to substratum composition were species specific. Our results highlight that the activity budgets of fish living in oceanic rocky reefs can be variable and influenced by the local and temporal variation in environmental variables.
Demersal assemblages in two trawl fishing lanes located on the Baronie Seamount (Central Western Mediterranean)
Authors: Sabatini A. , Follesa M.C. , Locci I. , Matta G. , Palmas F. , Pendugiu A.A. , Pesci P. , Cau A.
Published: June 2010

This work focuses on the species associations of the Baronie Seamount (north-eastern Sardinia, Italy), according to variations in depth and time of day. The aim was to highlight the potential vertical movements of the species and to compare these results to existing data from a submarine canyon. Twenty-two samples were taken at different depths and times along two trawl lines over the seamount. A total of 94 species were caught; among these, 48 bony fish, 9 cartilaginous fish, 13 molluscs and 24 crustaceans were selected for analysis. Cluster analysis showed 3 groups in which both depth and time of day play an important role in grouping. Nine species showed some daily and nocturnal movement, probably linked to trophic requirements. The daily movements according to size and sex of the shrimps Aristaeomorpha foliacea and Aristeus antennatus were also studied. For these two populations, the analysis showed an uneven distribution and the diel cycle appears to involve only the females. These species seem to adapt their life cycle to the geomorphology of the sea bottom. The diurnal movements from the base of the seamount to the edge of the continental shelf increase the range of the species distribution. In fact, the seamount, due to its geomorphological conformation, offers these species the opportunity to very quickly span a considerable range of depths. These movements are known to occur in the continental shelf and slope, but in the seamount they are broadened and can be studied more easily.
Behavioural strategies in humpback whales,Megaptera novaeangliae, in a coastal region of Brazil
Authors: Lunardi Diana G. , Engel Márcia H. , Marciano João L.P. , Macedo Regina H.
Published: June 2010

The behavioural patterns of humpback whales are known to vary according to the social function of individuals in a group. To identify behavioural patterns related to specific group compositions, we observed events and behavioural states of humpback whales during research cruises in the Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, in the reproductive seasons from 1992 to 2003. We monitored 3022 groups and found a predominance of competitive groups without calves, when compared to competitive groups with calves. A Bayesian network analysis supplied occurrence probabilities for the behaviours analysed, indicating higher probabilities of occurrence for the behavioural patterns designated travelling and socializing. The model, generated from a binomial logistic regression, was able to predict competitive groups in association with the occurrence of the following aggressive behaviours: head-lunging, trumpet and bubblestreams. This study suggests the existence of behavioural patterns associated with specific group compositions and reinforces the concept that there is a clear-cut relation between competitive groups and the occurrence of aggressive behaviours. The preferential association of males to females with high reproductive potential for the following year (i.e. females without a calf) was also identified.
Codes and their vicissitudes
Authors: Hommel Bernhard , Müsseler Jochen , Aschersleben Gisa , Prinz Wolfgang
Published: June 2010

First, we discuss issues raised with respect to the Theory of Event Coding (TEC)'s scope, that is, its limitations and possible extensions. Then, we address the issue of specificity, that is, the widespread concern that TEC is too unspecified and, therefore, too vague in a number of important respects. Finally, we elaborate on our views about TEC's relations to other important frameworks and approaches in the field like stages models, ecological approaches, and the two-visual-pathways model.
A survey of data mining and knowledge discovery process models and methodologies
Authors: Mariscal Gonzalo , Marbán Óscar , Fernández Covadonga
Published: June 2010

Up to now, many data mining and knowledge discovery methodologies and process models have been developed, with varying degrees of success. In this paper, we describe the most used (in industrial and academic projects) and cited (in scientific literature) data mining and knowledge discovery methodologies and process models, providing an overview of its evolution along data mining and knowledge discovery history and setting down the state of the art in this topic. For every approach, we have provided a brief description of the proposed knowledge discovery in databases (KDD) process, discussing about special features, outstanding advantages and disadvantages of every approach. Apart from that, a global comparative of all presented data mining approaches is provided, focusing on the different steps and tasks in which every approach interprets the whole KDD process. As a result of the comparison, we propose a new data mining and knowledge discovery process namedrefined data mining processfor developing any kind of data mining and knowledge discovery project. The refined data mining process is built on specific steps taken from analyzed approaches.
On the interaction of deaffrication and consonant harmony
Authors: DINNSEN DANIEL A. , GIERUT JUDITH A. , MORRISETTE MICHELE L. , GREEN CHRISTOPHER R. , FARRIS-TRIMBLE ASHLEY W.
Published: June 2010

Error patterns in children's phonological development are often described as simplifying processes that can interact with one another with different consequences. Some interactions limit the applicability of an error pattern, and others extend it to more words. Theories predict that error patterns interact to their full potential. While specific interactions have been documented for certain pairs of processes, no developmental study has shown that the range of typologically predicted interactions occurs for those processes. To determine whether this anomaly is an accidental gap or a systematic peculiarity of particular error patterns, two commonly occurring processes were considered, namely Deaffrication and Consonant Harmony. Results are reported from a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of twelve children (age 3 ; 0–5 ; 0) with functional phonological delays. Three interaction types were attested to varying degrees. The longitudinal results further instantiated the typology and revealed a characteristic trajectory of change. Implications of these findings are explored.
The role of community participation in the effectiveness of UNESCO Biosphere Reserve management: evidence and reflections from two parallel global surveys
Authors: STOLL-KLEEMANN S. , DE LA VEGA-LEINERT A. C. , SCHULTZ L.
Published: June 2010

Biodiversity management has traditionally followed two contradictory approaches. One champions ecosystem protection through rigorous law enforcement and exclusion of humans. The other promotes community-based sustainable use of natural resources. Participatory conservation, a major paradigm shift, nowadays strongly guides the concept of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves (BRs). In this paper, the rationale for community participation, and the perception of its effectiveness among BR managers are analysed. Within the World Network of BRs (553 sites in 107 countries) diverse participatory approaches are being tried to advance community-based natural resource management (CBNRM). Data from two parallel surveys, involving managers from 276 BRs worldwide, reveal how far this participation paradigm shift has really occurred, and its influence on managers’ self-evaluated effectiveness. There is substantial regional disparity, although in general BR managers endorse inclusive conservation, despite critical implementation hurdles. The process of participatory conservation carries new dangers for effective biosphere reserve management, when the aspirations of communities and other stakeholders do not ‘fit’ with a predetermined interpretation of sustainable development.
The incidence, field performance and heritability of non-dormant seeds in white clover (Trifolium repensL.)
Authors: D'hondt Bram , Brys Rein , Hoffmann Maurice
Published: June 2010

Mature seeds of many legume species are normally characterized by water-impermeable seed coats, a form of physical dormancy. However, observations have suggested that the incidence of mature but permeable (non-dormant) seeds is sometimes substantial. Yet, the ecological processes associated with this non-dormancy have received little attention by plant ecologists. In white clover (Trifolium repens), we therefore studied: (1) the occurrence of initially permeable seeds in wild populations; (2) the relative performance of non-dormant and dormant seeds in plant establishment and reproduction in a field-sown experiment; and (3) the extent to which the trait is affected by humidity and plant genotype in a greenhouse experiment. No less than 35% of all viable seeds from the wild populations proved to be water permeable at maturity. The proportion of permeable seeds within inflorescences ranged from 0 to 100%. In the field-sown experiment, autumn-germinated non-dormant seeds had almost equally good chances of establishing as spring-germinated dormant seeds. Due to a marked head start in growth, the former yielded more flowers (and thus seeds) in the first flowering season. However, the greenhouse experiment proved that variation in the proportion of permeable seed between inflorescences represented a plastic response to humidity conditions during seed ripening, rather than variation among clones (broad-sense heritability ≤ 0.025). Thus the trait is not easily subject to selection.
Has Europe Solved the Problem of War? Explaining the ‘Long Peace’ of the Post-1945 Era
Authors: Green David Michael
Published: June 2010

May 9, 2010, marks the 60th anniversary of what is arguably the boldest and ostensibly the most successful experiment in the history of international politics. On that date, in 1950, the Schuman Declaration1was issued, seeking to release Europe from its centuries of fratricidal war, those conflagrations having just previously reached near suicidal proportions. The process of European integration – culminating in today’s European Union – was launched by six states at the heart of the continent, for the purposes of making war ‘not only unthinkable, but materially impossible.’ There is today little empirical question of Europe’s success. War between former bitter enemies has never been even remotely near the horizon during the period that has now become known as ‘The Long Peace,’ and, looking forward, such militarized conflict remains all but inconceivable. But was it the process of European integration that produced this achievement? And if so, is the model exportable to other regions? This essay catalogues the factors that account for Europe’s success in ending the scourge of war on a continent where it had been a commonly employed extension of politics for centuries. I conclude that the integration process represents an important contribution, but is only one of a plethora of causal factors that massively over-determined Europe’s long peace of our time, and that the European experiment is mostly non-exportable to other parts of the world.
Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité: Reflections on the Changes following the Collapse of Communism
Authors: Kornai János
Published: June 2010

What happened 20 years ago in the region formerly ruled by a communist regime was a velvet revolution. And even if it was a revolution without bloodshed, it is a legitimate question to ask what was realized of the revolutionary motto: Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité?Libertyis a bundle of rights, composed of at least three sets: (1) political rights; (2) rights of free entrepreneurship, free entry to the market; and (3) freedom of choice between alternative goods and services. There is great progress in achieving all three categories of liberty. As foregalitarianvalues, inequality rapidly increased, causing aversion against the new order in a large fraction of society. Fraternité, in other wordssolidarity, is a widely accepted value, but there are great difficulties in its implementation. Post-socialist countries inherited a premature welfare state. The majority of people would prefer universal social entitlements, while the necessary material resources are not sufficient for these ambitious goals. This paper concludes with a discussion of various policy options for easing the contradictions between conflicting and inconsistent objectives.
Future time reference expressed by be to in Present-day English
Authors: DECLERCK RENAAT
Published: June 2010

This article argues that be to is primarily a modal auxiliary expressing the necessity of future actualization of the ‘residue-situation’ (= the situation referred to by the clause minus be to). Eight possible ‘M-origins’ (= origins of the necessity) are identified. The ‘futurish’ use of be to in present-day English is closely related to these modal uses, especially to the use in which the M-origin is an official arrangement.

The modal interpretation shifts to a futurish interpretation when the emphasis shifts from the present existence of the necessity to the future actualization of the residue-situation. This shift of emphasis is accompanied by a loss of doubt about this future actualization.

In other words, the futurish reading comes to the fore when the (strong or weak) origin of the necessity is bleached, so that the hearer's attention is directed to the future actualization of the residue-situation. Various cases of such bleaching are treated. In some cases (e.g. when be to collocates with still or yet, as in He is still to keep the first of his promises), the bleaching of the M-origin is complete, so that only the sense of futurity (and hence of ‘not-yet-factuality’) is left. In some examples there is no clear difference between be to and will any more, so that the two are interchangeable within the same sentence.
Life-long Learning – How Legal Research is Taught at Melbourne University
Authors: Wieland Natalie
Published: June 2010

Natalie Wieland, who teaches legal research skills, reflects on her own experiences as a law student undertaking legal research using only paper-based searches and compares them with her current experiences training completely digitally-aware law students in a world heavily biased towards electronic resources.
The Enquiring Minds Project at Staffordshire University: Integrating Information Literacy into the Curriculum and Assessment
Authors: Pope Alison , Puttick Keith , Walton Geoff
Published: June 2010

Alison Pope, Keith Puttick and Geoff Walton have been involved in the information literacy aspects of a project to help students improve their research skills and they report on this and the wider current debates on information literacy with an emphasis throughout on legal research skills.
Avoiding Holes in Our Britches – Resources for the Faster, Cheaper, Better Legal Researcher
Authors: Crouch Karen
Published: June 2010

This article reviews the kinds of resources available to support the training of legal researchers and to guide them in their research, so that law librarians can avoid “re-inventing the wheel”. Karen Crouch places her emphasis on practical legal research. She also highlights some work in progress and possible future directions for legal learning resources and reviews some of the online tools that enable legal researchers to work more efficiently. The emphasis is on low cost resources, and those which enable additional value to be extracted from existing legal database subscriptions.
The Workless Class? Economic Transformation, Informal Work and Male Working-Class Identity
Authors: Fletcher Del Roy
Published: June 2010

Paid work has traditionally been seen as a core element in the construction of masculine identities. Willis (1977) has, for example, linked working-class masculinity to shop floor culture. It is, however, clear that many communities cannot rely on the stable employment around which familiar models of working-class identity were forged. This paper examines how the male residents of a deprived former council estate in the north of England have responded to the loss of traditional employment opportunities. It is argued that paid informal work has become an important way for some working-class men to express their identity.
Migration and Care Work in Spain: The Domestic Sector Revisited
Authors: León Margarita
Published: June 2010

This paper explores the increasing significance of domestic workers in Spain, a country that has the highest figures of registered household employees in the EU, many of them female migrant workers. The paper focuses on how the domestic sector has grown in recent years along with mass migration flows. The growth of the household sector in Spain is situated within the context of the welfare and migration regimes. The household sector in Spain is currently absorbing a large part of the demand for childcare and elderly care provision. Although the domestic sector in Spain is more regulated than in many other countries, greater efforts to formalise and improve the labour and employment rights of household employees are needed to counterbalance occupational segregation and social inequality.
Some Useful Sources
Authors: Palenga-Möllenbeck Ewa , Kilkey Majella , Lutz Helma
Published: June 2010

The following section provides a guide to sources on a range of topics related to the theme of migrant domestic and care work. This includes sources for information on migration trends and policies, on welfare states regimes, particularly their care dimensions, on labour laws, on demographic trends and on gender equality. The focus of the guide is largely on international sources of information, since the individual articles will have references to sources related to specific countries, and, while the latter may not be in English, the international sources will be.
The Impact of Religion on the Space of Competition: The Dutch Case
Authors: Pellikaan Huib
Published: June 2010

The political practice of consociational democracies to take religion off the political agenda has led to the idea that religious issues only play a marginal role in the left-right ideological framework. This study demonstrates that religion has more than a marginal effect on the left-right placement of parties and thus on the space of competition. The analysis shows that voters for secular parties and voters for religious parties have different motives and beliefs on which they base the orderings of parties on the left-right scale. In other words, each group of voters defines its own left-right scale. These different left-right scales are individually single-peaked but there is no collective transitivity of orderings of parties. The intransitivity is a clear violation of Downs' condition for placing all parties on a single line in a manner agreed upon by all voters. Instead of having one left-right dimension as some sort of “super issue,” there are at least two left-right scales, one for voters for secular parties and one for voters for religious parties.
The Islamist Trend in Egyptian Law
Authors: Moustafa Tamir
Published: June 2010

The past four decades have witnessed profound transformations in the Egyptian legal system and in the Egyptian legal profession. Article 2 of the Egyptian Constitution now enshrines Islamic jurisprudence as the principle source of law, thus establishing an important symbolic marker at the heart of the state and opening avenues for Islamist activists to press litigation campaigns in the courts. Additionally, the Islamist trend gained prominence within the legal profession, a development that is particularly striking given the long and illustrious history of the Lawyer's Syndicate as a bastion of liberalism. Despite these significant shifts, however, Islamist litigation has achieved only limited legal victories. This article traces the political and socio-economic variables that underlie the Islamist trend in Egyptian law, and examines the impact of Islamist litigation in the Egyptian courts.
Seasonal and interannual variability of particulate organic carbon within the Southern Ocean from satellite ocean color observations
Authors: Allison David B. , Stramski Dariusz , Mitchell B. Greg
Published: June 2010

We use field data of particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration and spectral remote‐sensing reflectance, Rrs(λ), to develop an empirical algorithm for estimating POC from ocean color in the Southern Ocean. The algorithm based on the band ratio Rrs(443)/Rrs(555) is used in conjunction with Sea‐viewing Wide Field‐of‐View Sensor satellite data to demonstrate seasonal and interannual variability in POC from 1997 to 2007. The surface POC concentrations generally range from 30 to 120 mg m−3. On a whole basin scale (south of 35°S), the monthly means are mostly 70–80 mg m−3. The seasonal signal is weakest at lower latitudes within the Sub‐Antarctic Zone and most pronounced at higher latitudes (>55°S). The area‐integrated stock of water column POC in the upper 100 m shows small interannual variations and no clear evidence for long‐term trend during the examined 10 year period. The seasonal maximum of the POC stock occurs in December and reaches a value of about 0.6 Pg of carbon for the entire basin south of 35°S. The seasonal range of area‐normalized POC is between about 5.5 and 6.6 g m−2. The region south of 55°S provides a dominant contribution to the accumulation of POC within the Southern Ocean during the productive period of the season. During the austral spring, the area‐normalized POC accumulates in these high‐latitude waters at rates from about 0.2 to 0.7 g m−2 month−1. The comparison of these rates with large‐scale satellite‐based estimates of net primary production indicates that only a small fraction (<10%) of production accumulates as POC.
A comparative study of negative cloud‐to‐ground lightning characteristics in São Paulo (Brazil) and Arizona (United States) based on high‐speed video observations
Authors: Saraiva A. C. V. , Saba M. M. F. , Pinto O. , Cummins K. L. , Krider E. P. , Campos L. Z. S.
Published: June 2010

There are only a few prior reports that detail accurate measurements of the number of strokes in natural negative cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning flashes. These are known as “accurate‐stroke‐count” studies, and they have been performed using various instruments and techniques. Here, we will examine the lightning characteristics produced by warm‐season thunderstorms in two different climate regimes (southern Arizona, United States, and São Paulo, Brazil) using the same instrumentation. The lightning parameters were obtained from high‐speed video recordings and time‐correlated data provided by lightning locating systems (LLS). The use of these instruments has allowed us to measure the number of strokes in each flash and their polarity, the interstroke intervals, the number of different ground contacts, and the durations of the continuing currents. Altogether 209 negative flashes were recorded on video in the United States and 223 in Brazil (containing a total of 1681 strokes), and the majority of these flashes had at least one stroke reported by a LLS. Statistical analyses of these data sets as a whole did not show any significant differences in the characteristics of negative CG flashes from warm‐season thunderstorms in both locations. The mean values for all data are as follows: video multiplicity, 3.9; single‐stroke flashes, 19.5%; flash duration, 226.5 ms; interstroke interval, 61.5 ms; long continuing current, 17.5%; multigrounded flashes, 49.5%. Those characteristics were very similar to the well‐accepted values for negative flashes in other regions. However, there were large storm‐to‐storm variations.
Direct observations of Venus upper mesospheric temperatures from ground based spectroscopy of CO2
Authors: Sonnabend G. , Kroetz P. , Sornig M. , Stupar D.
Published: June 2010

We report direct observations of temperatures in the Venus upper mesosphere around 110 km altitude (0.15 Pa). Information about temperatures at these altitude regions are sparse especially for the dayside of Venus. Data was acquired during three observing campaigns between March and June 2009 at the McMath‐Pierce Solar Telescope of the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak, Arizona, using the Cologne Tuneable Heterodyne Infrared Spectrometer (THIS). The linewidths of fully resolved non‐thermal emission lines in the 10.6 μm band of CO2 were used to derive temperatures on the Venus dayside. Temperatures were measured with high spatial resolution at 115 positions on the Venus dayside between 67°N and 90°S and various offsets from the apparent discs central meridian longitude (CML) providing the first extensive dataset for the dayside mesosphere. The retrieved temperatures show a strong local time and latitude dependence. Values of 160 K are observed close to the terminator and at the South pole while temperaturs reach 250 K at the sub solar point. These high values are in disagreement with the predictions of the Venus International Reference Atmosphere model but are consistent with earlier measurements from 2007.
Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging of Collateral Blood Flow during Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Armitage Glenn A , Todd Kathryn G , Shuaib Ashfaq , Winship Ian R
Published: June 2010

Collateral vasculature may provide an alternative route for blood flow to reach the ischemic tissue and partially maintain oxygen and nutrient support during ischemic stroke. However, much about the dynamics of stroke-induced collateralization remains unknown. In this study, we used laser speckle contrast imaging to map dynamic changes in collateral blood flow after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. We identified extensive anastomatic connections between the anterior and middle cerebral arteries that develop after vessel occlusion and persist for 24 hours. Augmenting blood flow through these persistent yet dynamic anastomatic connections may be an important but relatively unexplored avenue in stroke therapy.
The composition of the polyglutamine‐containing proteins influences their co‐aggregation properties
Authors: Bąk Daniel , Milewski Michał
Published: June 2010

The sequestration of crucial cellular proteins into insoluble aggregates formed by the polypeptides containing expanded polyglutamine tracts has been proposed to be the key mechanism responsible for the abnormal cell functioning in the so‐called polyglutamine diseases. To evaluate to what extent the ability of polyglutamine sequences to recruit other proteins into the intracellular aggregates depends on the composition of the aggregating peptide, we analysed the co‐aggregation properties of the N‐terminal fragment of huntingtin fused with unrelated non‐aggregating and/or self‐aggregating peptides. We show that the ability of the mutated N‐terminal huntingtin fragment to sequester non‐related proteins can be significantly increased by fusion with the non‐aggregating reporter protein [GFP (green fluorescence protein)]. By contrast, fusion with the self‐aggregating C‐terminal fragment of the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) dramatically reduces the sequestration of related non‐fused huntingtin fragments. We also demonstrate that the co‐aggregation of different non‐fused N‐terminal huntingtin fragments depends on their length, with long fragments of the wild‐type huntingtin not only excluded from the nuclear inclusions, but also very inefficiently sequestered into the cytoplasmic aggregates formed by the short fragments of mutant protein. Additionally, our results suggest that atypical intracellular aggregation patterns, which include unusual distribution and/or morphology of protein aggregates, are associated with altered ability of accumulating proteins to co‐aggregate with other peptides.
Outcomes: Promoting Reflective Practice Using Performance Indicator Questionnaires
Authors: McCarthy Mary Pat
Published: June 2010

This article details the process of self-reflection applied to the use of traditional performance indicator questionnaires. The study followed eight speech-language pathology graduate students enrolled in clinical practicum in the university, school, and healthcare settings over a period of two semesters. Results indicated when reflection was focused on students' own clinical skills, modifications to practice were implemented. Results further concluded self-assessment using performance indicators paired with written reflections can be a viable form of instruction in clinical education.
Preparing Alaskan Speech-Language Pathology Graduates for School-Based Employment
Authors: Young-Campbell Laura , Brigham Ellen
Published: June 2010

Alaska, like the rest of the nation, has been experiencing a significant shortage of speech-language pathologists (SLPs). This shortage has been acutely felt in Alaska's public schools. Without an in-state graduate program, Alaska is unable to produce a qualified pool of candidates to fill SLP positions. This article will discuss a collaborative training program between the University of Alaska Anchorage and East Carolina University designed to address the SLP shortage in Alaska schools.
Volumes faciaux et typologie verticale : étude comparative
tridimensionnelle
Authors: Bassil-Nassif Nayla , Bouserhal Joseph , Garcia Robert
Published: June 2010

Introduction : Le but de cette étude est de comparer les volumes des cavités
faciales entre les typologies hyperdivergente et hypodivergente dans une population adulte
jeune. Méthodes : Les échantillons étaient formés de 30 sujets chacun, âgés
de 18 à 30 ans, sélectionnés selon leur typologie verticale (GoGn-SN ≤ 28° et ≥ 36°). À
partir d’acquisitions scanners 3D et à l’aide du logiciel AMIRA®, les
mesures volumétriques des cavités orbitaires, ethmoïdo-nasale et buccale ont été
effectuées à partir de points servant à les délimiter, alors que les deux sinus
maxillaires ont été directement segmentés coupe par coupe, puis reconstruits et leurs
volumes calculés. Le test Kolmogorov-Smirnov a été utilisé pour démontrer la normalité des
variables, suivi du test « t » de Student pour la comparaison des
moyennes (p < 0,05). Résultats : La comparaison des
volumes des différentes cavités entre les deux groupes hypodivergent et hyperdivergent n’a
montré aucune différence significative au niveau des valeurs absolues ; seul le rapport du
volume de la cavité nasale/volume total s’est avéré plus petit chez les hypodivergents.
Conclusion : Un phénomène de compensation pourrait survenir entre les trois
directions de croissance pour équilibrer un déficit ou un excès de la dimension verticale,
ce qui maintiendrait constant le volume des cavités faciales étudiées.
Submicron YBaCuO biepitaxial Josephson junctions: d-wave effects and phase dynamics
Authors: Stornaiuolo D. , Rotoli G. , Cedergren K. , Born D. , Bauch T. , Lombardi F. , Tafuri F.
Published: June 2010

We report a systematic study of the transport properties of high critical temperature superconductor (HTS) biepitaxial Josephson junctions in the submicron range. Junction performances point to more uniform and reproducible devices and to better control of d-wave intrinsic properties. Outcomes promote novel insights into the transport mechanisms across grain boundaries and encourage further developments in the control of dissipation in HTS devices. The application of nanotechnology to HTS could be an additional tool to properly engineer the junction properties to match specific circuit design also in view of the integration into hybrid quantum circuits.
Tunability of the optical absorption in small silver cluster-polymer hybrid systems
Authors: Koponen Laura , Tunturivuori Lasse O. , Puska Martti J. , Hancock Y.
Published: June 2010

We have calculated the absorption characteristics of different hybrid systems consisting of Ag, Ag2, or Ag3 atomic clusters and poly(methacrylic acid) using the time-dependent density-functional theory. The polymer is found to have an extensive structural-dependency on the spectral patterns of the hybrid systems relative to the bare clusters. The absorption spectrum can be “tuned” to the visible range for hybrid systems with an odd number of electrons per silver cluster, whereas for hybrid systems comprising an even number of electrons per silver cluster, the leading absorption edge can be shifted up to ∼4.5 eV. The results give theoretical support to the experimental observations on the absorption in the visible range in metal cluster-polymer hybrid structures.
Phase diagram of colloidal spheres in a biaxial electric or magnetic field
Authors: Smallenburg Frank , Dijkstra Marjolein
Published: June 2010

Colloidal particles with a dielectric constant mismatch with the surrounding solvent in an external biaxial magnetic or electric field experience an “inverted” dipolar interaction. We determine the phase behavior of such a system using Helmholtz free energy calculations in Monte Carlo simulations for colloidal hard spheres as well as for charged hard spheres interacting with a repulsive Yukawa potential. The phase diagram of colloidal hard spheres with inverted dipolar interactions shows a gas-liquid transition, a hexagonal ABC stacked crystal phase, and a stretched hexagonal-close-packed crystal. The phase diagram for charged spheres is very similar, but displays an additional layered-fluid phase. We compare our results with recent experimental observations.
An interpretation of covariance relations for wetting and wedge filling transitions
Authors: Parry A. O. , Rascón C.
Published: June 2010

Recent studies have shown that there exist precise connections (or covariance relations) between adsorption properties for substrates with different shapes. This occurs, for example, when a fluid is adsorbed in a linear wedge. In this case, the influence of the geometry is to shift effectively the contact angle from θ to θ−α, where α is the tilt angle. Despite the fact that these relations are obeyed both at mean-field level and also exactly in two dimensions (when fluctuation effects dominate), their fundamental origin has been unclear. Here, we show that they can be traced to a symmetry present in interfacial Hamiltonian models, and further relate this to surface thermodynamics and the nonlocal nature of interfacial interactions in systems with short-ranged forces.
Phase transition and chemical decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and its water mixtures under high pressures
Authors: Chen Jing-Yin , Kim Minseob , Yoo Choong-Shik , Dattelbaum Dana M. , Sheffield Stephen
Published: June 2010

We have studied the pressure-induced phase transition and chemical decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and its mixtures with water to 50 GPa, using confocal micro-Raman and synchrotron x-ray diffractions. The x-ray results indicate that pure hydrogen peroxide crystallizes into a tetragonal structure (P41212), the same structure previously found in 82.7% H2O2 at high pressures and in pure H2O2 at low temperatures. The tetragonal phase (H2O2-I) is stable to 15 GPa, above which transforms into an orthorhombic structure (H2O2-II) over a relatively large pressure range between 13 and 18 GPa. Inferring from the splitting of the νs(O–O) stretching mode, the phase I-to-II transition pressure decreases in diluted H2O2 to around 7 GPa for the 41.7% H2O2 and 3 GPa for the 9.5%. Above 18 GPa H2O2-II gradually decomposes to a mixture of H2O and O2, which completes at around 40 GPa for pure and 45 GPa for the 9.5% H2O2. Upon pressure unloading, H2O2 also decomposes to H2O and O2 mixtures across the melts, occurring at 2.5 GPa for pure and 1.5 GPa for the 9.5% mixture. At H2O2 concentrations below 20%, decomposed mixtures form oxygen hydrate clathrates at around 0.8 GPa—just after H2O melts. The compression data of pure H2O2 and the stability data of the mixtures seem to indicate that the high-pressure decomposition is likely due to the pressure-induced densification, whereas the low-pressure decomposition is related to the heterogeneous nucleation process associated with H2O2 melting.
Adhesion between peptides/antibodies and breast cancer cells
Authors: Meng J. , Paetzell E. , Bogorad A. , Soboyejo W. O.
Published: June 2010

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques were used to measure the adhesion forces between the receptors on breast cancer cells specific to human luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) peptides and antibodies specific to the EphA2 receptor. The adhesion forces between LHRH-coated AFM tips and human MDA-MB-231 cells (breast cancer cells) were shown to be about five times greater than those between LHRH-coated AFM tips and normal Hs578Bst breast cells. Similarly, those between EphA2 antibody-coated AFM tips and breast cancer cells were over five times greater than those between EphA2 antibody-coated AFM tips and normal breast cells. The results suggest that AFM can be used for the detection of breast cancer cells in biopsies. The implications of the results are also discussed for the early detection and localized treatment of cancer.
Near infrared optical materials from polymeric amorphous carbon synthesized by collisional plasma process
Authors: Rybachuk M. , Hertwig A. , Weise M. , Sahre M. , Männ M. , Beck U. , Bell J. M.
Published: June 2010

The synthesis of polymerlike amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin-films by microwave excited collisional hydrocarbon plasma process is reported. Stable and highly aromatic a-C:H were obtained containing significant inclusions of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV). PPV confers universal optoelectronic properties to the synthesized material. That is a-C:H with tailor-made refractive index are capable of becoming absorption-free in visible (red)-near infrared wavelength range. Production of large aromatic hydrocarbon including phenyl clusters and/or particles is attributed to enhanced coagulation of elemental plasma species under collisional plasma conditions. Detailed structural and morphological changes that occur in a-C:H during the plasma synthesis are also described.
Far-field optical nanoscopy based on continuous wave laser stimulated emission depletion
Authors: Kuang Cuifang , Zhao Wei , Wang Guiren
Published: June 2010

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is one of the breakthrough technologies that belong to far-field optical microscopy and can achieve nanoscale spatial resolution. We demonstrate a far-field optical nanoscopy based on continuous wave lasers with different wavelengths, i.e., violet and green lasers for excitation and STED, respectively. Fluorescent dyes Coumarin 102 and Atto 390 are used for validating the depletion efficiency. Fluorescent nanoparticles are selected for characterizing the spatial resolution of the STED system. Linear scanning of the laser beams of the STED system along one line of a microscope slide, which is coated with the nanoparticles, indicates that a spatial resolution of about 70 nm has so far been achieved. A two-dimensional image of the particle pattern of the STED system is constructed and compared with scanning confocal microscope. The present work has further extended the application of the STED microscopy into the blue regime.
Angle and polarization tolerant midinfrared dielectric filter designed by genetic algorithm optimization
Authors: Yun Seokho , Bossard Jeremy A. , Mayer Theresa S. , Werner Douglas H.
Published: June 2010

We report a dielectric frequency selective surface filter with an angularly tolerant, polarization independent stop band designed at a midinfrared wavelength of 3.0 μm. The structure, consisting of a doubly-periodic amorphous silicon grating supported by a polyimide membrane, was optimized using a genetic algorithm to have a transmission stop band with a 3.33% 10 dB bandwidth for incidence angles as large as 10° from normal. The measured properties of the fabricated filter were within 1% of theoretical predictions. This strategy provides a practical and efficient approach to creating advanced dielectric filters for highly customized infrared optical device and coating applications.
Improvement of infrared detection using Ge quantum dots multilayer structure
Authors: Kolahdouz M. , Farniya A. Afshar , Di Benedetto L. , Radamson H. H.
Published: June 2010

Monocrystalline SiGe/Si multiquantum dot and well structures have been manufactured/compared as thermistor materials for infrared detection. The performance of the devices (both the thermal and electrical) has been very sensitive to the quality of the epitaxial layers which is evaluated by the interfacial roughness and strain amount. This study demonstrates that the devices containing quantum dots have higher thermal coefficient resistance 3.4%/K with a noise constant (K1/f) value of 2×10−9.
Negative differential resistance and resistive switching behaviors in Cu2S nanowire devices
Authors: Liu Xiaohua , Mayer Matthew T. , Wang Dunwei
Published: June 2010

Two-terminal devices of Cu2S/ZnO core/shell nanowires were fabricated and measured. Forward bias sweeping produced a rectified I-V characteristic of a diode, with turn-on voltages varying from 150 to 300 mV. The turn-on voltages depended on the rate at which the bias was varied. When the bias scan was reversed, a resistive switching (RS) behavior was observed. A low-resistance state was measured, and the diode characteristic diminished. At −50 to −150 mV, negative differential resistance (NDR) was observed, after which the diode behavior was restored. This phenomenon was explained using the diffusion of Cu+ within Cu2S. ZnO acted to limit RS to the positive bias range and NDR to the negative bias range.
Yoking real and virtual cells confirms theory of cochlear amplification
Authors: Day Charles
Published: June 2010

Elastic coupling between cells in the inner ear enhances the hearing of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.
Focus on improving transmission electron microscopes starts to pay off
Authors: Levi Barbara Goss
Published: June 2010

The latest advance is the chemical identification of closely spaced, lightweight atoms.