bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial Functioning of Young Children Treated for Cancer: Findings From a Clinical Sample
Authors: Cox Lauren E. , Kenney Ansley E. , Harman Jennifer L. , Jurbergs Niki , Molnar Andrew E. , Willard Victoria W.
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Many pediatric cancers are diagnosed in early childhood, a time of significant growth and development that lays the foundations for overall adjustment and functioning. The objective of this article was to characterize the psychosocial functioning of young children with cancer. Method: Data from a sample of young children with cancer ( N = 92) who completed a psychological evaluation that included the Behavior Assessment Scale for Children–second edition (BASC-2) parent report were abstracted from the medical record. Patients were primarily White (70.7%), male (54.3%), and 4.81 ± 0.89 years old at evaluation. Most were treated for brain tumors (64.1%). Results: Overall group means on each of the BASC-2 subscales were within normal limits, though significantly more patients than expected had elevated scores on the Internalizing and Behavioral Symptoms indexes. Patients who were on-treatment had higher mean overall Internalizing Problems scores, as well as greater Anxiety and Somatization scores, than those who were off-treatment (Wilks’s λ = 0.75, p < .001). Patients treated for brain tumors had lower mean Activities of Daily Living scores than those with other diagnoses ( F = 15.81, p < .001). Conclusions: Findings from this clinically referred sample indicate that while most young children with cancer are doing well psychosocially, approximately 20% to 30% demonstrated difficulties in at least one area. Findings support the need for monitoring of young children with cancer as well as appropriate intervention services.
A Review and Assessment of Drug-Induced Thrombocytosis
Authors: Vo Quyen T. , Thompson Dennis F.
Published: December 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to review the current literature on drug-induced thrombocytosis with the goal of critically assessing causality and providing a comprehensive review of the topic. Thrombopoietic growth factors, such as thrombopoietin-receptor agonists (romiplostim and eltrombopag) and erythropoietin are not included in our review. Data Sources: The literature search included published articles limited to the English language and humans in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. MEDLINE/PubMed (1966 to September 2018) was searched using the MeSH terms thrombocytosis/chemically-induced and thrombocytosis/etiology. EMBASE (1980 to September 2018) was searched using the EMTAGS thrombocytosis/side effect. Web of Science (1970 to September 2018) was searched using the search term thrombocytosis. References of all relevant articles were reviewed for additional citations and information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Review articles, clinical trials, background data, case series, and case reports of drug-induced thrombocytosis were collected, and case reports were assessed for causality using a modified Naranjo nomogram. Data Synthesis: Drug-induced thrombocytosis, a form of reactive thrombocytosis cannot be easily differentiated from more common etiologies of reactive thrombocytosis. In all, 43 case reports of drug-induced thrombocytosis from a wide variety of drugs and drug classes were reviewed using a modified Naranjo probability scale that included criteria specific for thrombocytosis. Conclusions: Drug-induced thrombocytosis is a relatively rare adverse drug reaction. The strongest evidence of causality supports low-molecular-weight heparins and neonatal drug withdrawal. Weaker evidence exists for all-trans retinoic acid, antibiotics, clozapine, epinephrine, gemcitabine, and vinca alkaloids.
Deformity and Clinical Outcomes Following Operative Correction of Charcot Ankle
Authors: Harkin Elizabeth A. , Schneider Andrew M. , Murphy Michael , Schiff Adam P. , Pinzur Michael S.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Deformity associated with Charcot foot arthropathy leads to a poor quality of life in affected individuals. Deformity in the midfoot appears to be predictive of clinical outcomes following operative correction. The goal of this retrospective study was to determine if that same methodology could be applied to patients treated for Charcot foot arthropathy involving the ankle joint.

Methods:

Fifty-six consecutive patients underwent operative reconstruction of Charcot foot deformity involving the ankle joint by a single surgeon over a 14-year period. Preoperative patient characteristics and tibiotalar alignment, were recorded. Surgical treatment included single-stage debridement of active infection and ankle arthrodesis with application of a circular external fixator when infection was present (39 of 56, 69.6%) or retrograde locked intramedullary nailing in the absence of infection (17 of 56, 30.3%). Clinical outcomes were graded based on limb salvage, resolution of infection and chronic wounds, and the ability to ambulate with therapeutic footwear or accommodative orthoses. The average follow-up was 7.5 (range 1.1-14.0) years.

Results:

One patient died at 134.3 weeks following surgery of unrelated causes and 8 underwent amputation. Twenty-eight of 56 patients (50.0%) achieved a favorable (excellent or good) clinical outcome. There was no significant association between pre- or postoperative alignment and clinical outcomes. Insulin-dependent diabetics were approximately 3 times more likely to have a poor clinical outcome.

Conclusions:

Operative correction of Charcot deformity involving the ankle joint was associated with a high complication rate and risk for failure. The lessons learned from this highly comorbid patient population with complex deformities can be used as a benchmark for applying modern surgical techniques.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Effect of chitosan on physicochemical and rheological attributes of bread
Authors: Ghoshal Gargi , Mehta Sapna
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to develop fiber-enriched functional bread containing selected concentration of chitosan (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% w/w). Dynamic rheology of bread dough established that viscous moduli were lower than elastic moduli. Until 1% chitosan concentration, dough extensibility increased. Avrami nonlinear regression equation was selected as a convenient mathematical tool to model bread crumb staling kinetics. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, and extensibility tests were used to examine the changes of the structure of control dough and chitosan containing dough. Specific volume of bread was inversely proportional to firmness of bread. Firmness is directly proportional function of storage time and chitosan quantity. Sensory evaluation revealed that 1% chitosan can be used as potential functional ingredient to prevent chronic diseases like obesity, type 2 diabetes, constipation, and colon cancer.
Mid-term results of short stem total hip arthroplasty in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Suksathien Yingyong , Sueajui Jithayut
Published: December 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate the clinical and radiographic mid-term results of short-stem total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).

Methods:

We reviewed 83 cases that underwent Metha stem between November 2010 and November 2012. The appearance of bone trabeculae development and radiolucent line were reviewed and HHS was recorded at 6 months postoperatively then yearly to evaluate the clinical results.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 43.8 years with the mean follow-up 69.3 (60–84) months. Harris Hip Score improved significantly from 44.7 preoperatively to 99.6 at the last follow-up ( p < 0.0001). There were 4 cases (4.8%) of intraoperative femoral fractures. There was 1 case (1.2%) of distal stem perforation that had stable bone ingrowth and there was 1 case (1.2%) of 5-mm subsidence, which was then stable at 3 months postoperatively. Bone trabecular development was detected at zone 1 (65.1%), 2 (69.9%), 3 (14.4%), 4 (1.2%), 6 (97.6%) and 7 (81.9%). There was 1 case (1.2%) where radiolucent lines were observed in zones 1 and 7. There was 1 femoral stem revision from periprosthetic fracture 4 years after index surgery and 1 cup revision from aseptic loosening. Kaplan-Meier survivorship with the end point of stem revision for any reason was 98.8% and for aseptic loosening it was 100% at 7 years.

Conclusions:

The mid-term clinical and radiographic results of the Metha stem in patients with ONFH were promising. Its design enables preservation of the bone stock and the bone trabeculae appear to confirm the assumption of proximal force transmission.
Benchmarking of Airbnb listings: How competitive is the sharing economy sector of European cities?
Authors: Zekan Bozana , Önder Irem , Gunter Ulrich
Published: December 2018

Airbnb is arguably the world’s most popular accommodation sharing platform. Its impact on demand and supply within the tourism and hospitality industry is nowadays unquestionable. The present study delves into inspecting the efficiency of Airbnb listings of European cities, as, in spite of the success of Airbnb as a whole, it cannot be presupposed that all listings are equally successful. More specifically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is employed in this first comprehensive benchmarking attempt within the domain of the sharing economy to date. This article also makes a contribution to robustness by introducing an interactivity note to the base model, thus, inspecting the results for corroboration/discrepancies and going beyond the static analyses that are common in DEA modeling. Ultimately, this is done with the goal of highlighting opportunities for inefficient Airbnb listings to properly utilize their inputs and therefore become more competitive.
Defining desire: (Re)storying a “fraudulent” marriage in 1901 Spain
Authors: de Gabriel Narciso , Vázquez García Francisco , DePalma Renée
Published: December 2018

In the second half of the 19th century, two Spanish primary school teachers were married despite the fact that their legal status as women rendered this union not only illegal but also publicly scandalous. In 2008 their story was resurrected in the form of a book based on an extensive review of educational, legal, and media archives. The Spanish press responded to the book’s publication by embedding the events within a more recent historical narrative around the struggle for gay marriage rights. In this article, we analyze the events in light of the understandings of sex, gender and sexuality that were available at the time, and then explore both the continuities and discontinuities with the modern interpretive framework that affords these women a lesbian identity, drawing upon Bennett’s notion of “lesbian-like” practices in eras where such identities were not yet conceptualized.
‘Tory-normativity’ and gay rights advocacy in the British Conservative Party since the 1950s
Authors: Monahan Martin
Published: December 2018

Gay rights advocacy in the Conservative Party since the 1950s played-down its difference from Conservative beliefs by emphasising pragmatism over emancipation; discretion over celebration; and responsibility over rights. This positioning was allied to a construction of gay men and women in the image of the idealised conservative citizen: law-abiding, entrepreneurial, and ultimately familial – a process I label ‘Tory-normativity’. Tory-normativity introduced gay rights advocacy into the party in an acceptable form and consequently caused party policy to develop. Ultimately, the construction of Tory-normativity has been used to depoliticise gay identity: initially gay men and then from the 2000s onwards, gay men and women.
Autonomous main-cable vibration monitoring using wireless smart sensors for large-scale three-pylon suspension bridges: A case study
Authors: Ding Huaping , Shen Qinghong , Du Sidan
Published: December 2018

Suspension bridges are supported by main cables that continue beyond the pillars to deck-level supports and must be anchored at each end of the bridge. The dynamic characteristics of the main cables are key indicators used to assess the structural health status of a bridge. In situ real-time health monitoring is an effective way to assess the dynamic characteristics. This paper presents a case study using vibration-based wireless smart sensors deployed on the main cables of a large-scale three-pylon suspension bridge to obtain its dynamic features. The methods of anti-aliasing filtering, statistical analysis and main cable tension force estimation were proposed and embedded into wireless smart sensors to provide autonomous data processing. According to the analysis of the vibration data from the main cables, the results demonstrate that the main cables have been in a stable state over time, and wireless smart sensors are promising for autonomous main-cable monitoring of large-scale three-pylon suspension bridges.
Lessons learned from six different structural health monitoring systems on highway bridges
Authors: Peiris Abheetha , Sun Charlie , Harik Issam
Published: December 2018

Structural health monitoring has been utilized in numerous ways to investigate the performance and integrity of highway bridges. This paper highlights the use of six structural health monitoring systems, which were deployed to monitor distinct behaviors on six bridges in Kentucky. The structural health monitoring systems are as follows: (1) Over-height truck impact detection and monitoring on the I-64 over US 60 bridge, (2) Barge impact detection and monitoring on northbound US 41 over the Ohio River, (3) effectiveness of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer retrofit evaluation based on prestressed concrete I-girder crack movement on the I-65 elevated expressway in Louisville, (4) effect of thermal loads on bridge substructure evaluation on KY 100 over Trammel Creek, (5) thermal movement of expansion joints evaluation on eastbound I-24 over the Tennessee River, and (6) crack growth monitoring on steel floor beam on I-275 over the Ohio River. The deployment of the different structural health monitoring systems on Kentucky bridges has provided valuable insights on their planning, implementation, and maintenance, which can be applied on future structural health monitoring projects. While several of the projects have proved immensely successful, with some still being continuously monitored, others, due to numerous complications, have met with only limited success. The best return on investment was realized from structural health monitoring instrumentation that was focused and limited in scope. The successful structural health monitoring systems had continuous communication between all stakeholders during planning, implementation, and monitoring phases of the projects. Following implementation, the availability of contingency funds through the funding source, to replace/upgrade sensors and networking equipment and costs for reprogramming and reinstallation outside of regular maintenance costs, was also important for the structural health monitoring to be successful.
An effective modification of Ji-Huan He’s variational approach to nonlinear singular oscillator
Authors: Tao Zhao-Ling , Chen Guo-Hua
Published: December 2018

In the review article “Asymptotic methods for solitary solutions and compactons” (Ji-Huan He, Abstract and Applied Analysis 2012: 916793), the variational approach and the Hamiltonian approach to nonlinear oscillators are systematically discussed. This paper gives an extension of the methods to singular nonlinear oscillator by the iteration perturbation method.
Reconstruction of low-frequency bridge noise using an inverse modal acoustic transfer vector method
Authors: Song Xiaodong , Li Qi
Published: December 2018

Low-frequency noise emitted by elevated viaducts in light rail transit lines has considerable adverse effects on inhabitants living nearby. Reliable prediction of the acoustic field radiating from the viaduct using forward numerical models is challenging because the model parameters that influence viaduct vibration are difficult to obtain. To avoid directly quantifying these parameters, such as wheel–rail combined roughness, an inverse method is presented to reconstruct the acoustic field using modal acoustic transfer vectors and the sound pressures at a small number of measurement points. First, a forward numerical method based on the train–track–bridge interaction analysis is performed to predict the structure-borne noise of a concrete box girder viaduct. Then, the calculated sound pressures are treated as virtual measurement results to illustrate the inverse method procedure. Both QR decomposition and singular value decomposition with Tikhonov regularisation are used in the inverse analysis. Third, the proposed inverse method is validated by comparing the sound pressure levels computed using the inverse method with the results simulated using the forward prediction method. Finally, the reliability of the inverse procedure is further validated through field tests of two U-shaped girder viaducts.
Development of a novel nonlinear estimator based on state-dependent Riccati equation technique for articulated vehicles
Authors: Jeyed Hamze Ahmadi , Ghaffari Ali
Published: December 2018

In this article, for the first time, a novel nonlinear estimator based on state-dependent Riccati equation filter technique is developed for state estimation of the articulated heavy vehicles. The state-dependent Riccati equation filter approach has a structure similar to the Kalman filter, and compared to the Kalman filter, which is based on linearization, the state-dependent Riccati equation filter is based on parameterization. Also, the state-dependent Riccati equation approach due to the nonuniqueness of the state-dependent coefficient matrix prevented singularity (uncontrollability or unobservability), and this advantage can be used to improve the efficiency of the system. For this purpose, using the Newton's method, a ten-degrees-of-freedom nonlinear model of the articulated heavy vehicle including the longitudinal, lateral and yaw motion of the tractor, the articulation angle, and rotational motion of each wheel is developed. Then, the developed model of articulated heavy vehicle is verified using nonlinear TruckSim model in high-speed lane change maneuver. The vehicle model validation results indicated that the development model is near to the actual articulated vehicle nonlinear model and can be utilized in the nonlinear estimator design. Then, using the state-dependent Riccati equation filter approach, the state variable estimation algorithm based on parametrization is designed and the articulated vehicle states are estimated online. In order to assess the performance and the efficiency of the developed estimator, the simulations with two standard maneuvers including low-speed 90 ° turn maneuver and high-speed lane change maneuver in the slippery road are performed. The simulation results indicate the remarkable impacts of the developed estimator based on state-dependent Riccati equation filter technique on the state estimation of the articulated heavy vehicles.
Correlation between roughness anisotropy and tribological behavior of AA5083: Experimental and numerical analysis
Authors: Elwasli F , Mzali S , Zemzemi F , Mezlini S
Published: December 2018

This study addresses the effects of roughness anisotropy in the tribological behavior of AA5083. Wear tests were carried out using a reciprocating tribometer under a contact pressure of 200 MPa. Sliding was performed on three topographic orientations. The friction force was recorded instantaneously. Furthermore, microscopic analyses were conducted for the purpose of characterizing the wear mechanisms. The findings proved the sensitivity of friction and wear of the initial surface properties. A numerical model of the reciprocated test was, in addition, developed upon ABAQUS/Explicit to better understand the evolution of equivalent plastic deformation during sliding. The proposed model is able to simulate a real surface profile described using python scripts. The model was found very useful in highlighting the significant effect of surface anisotropy on the stress distribution and plastic deformation.
Development and validation of bioanalytical liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the estimation of pentoxifylline in human plasma: Application for a comparative pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Dodda Sireesha , Makula Ajitha , Polagani Srinivasa R , Kandhagatla Raj N
Published: December 2018

A method for bioanalysis of pentoxifylline in human plasma was developed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, which is simple, specific, and sensitive. Pentoxifylline D5 was used as the internal standard. Employing only 100 µl of human plasma, processing was done with solid-phase extraction technique. The analyte and the internal standard were separated from endogenous components on Ace phenyl column using a mixture of 5 mM ammonium acetate buffer and high performance liquid chromatography grade acetonitrile (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The linearity of the method was in the range of 3–1200 ng/ml with r2 > 0.99. Positive ion MRM mode was used for the detection of the analyte and the internal standard. The method was validated as per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines and the results were within the acceptance limits. The proposed method was applied for comparative pharmacokinetic study of pentoxifylline after oral administration of 400 and 600 mg tablets to South Indian male subjects under fed conditions.
Silent voices: Transition experiences of family members caring for relatives with dementia
Authors: Smith Lourett , Rooyen Dalena van , Morton David G
Published: December 2018

Worldwide 46.8 million persons are living with dementia and many are requiring assistance with performing daily living or instrumental functions. It is often the task of family members to provide care for their relatives with dementia. However, they are often the silent, unseen and unacknowledged figures in the lives of people living with dementia. In 2015, we used a phenomenological design utilising visual participatory methods in the form of collages and interviews to explore and describe the transition experiences of eight family members (seven females and one male) living in a South African city regarding how they became caregivers of their relatives with dementia. They often entered their caregiving roles unexpectedly, often not having much choice regarding whether or not to take on the caregiving role. Family members caring for relatives with dementia have unique support needs as they transition into the caregiving role.
Realising the Right of the Child to Participate in the Criminal Process
Authors: Forde Louise
Published: December 2018

The right of the child defendant to participate effectively in criminal proceedings is a fundamental aspect of the right to a fair trial, and is guaranteed under a number of international instruments, including the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Ensuring that the right is realised at the domestic level requires States to take positive steps to facilitate the child’s effective participation. This article examines how the child’s participation is supported through statutory provisions and by the courts in Ireland and New Zealand. The discussion highlights challenges and positive steps taken to facilitate effective participation in domestic law.
Contextualizing child-centeredness: Lessons from an American Samoan Head Start
Authors: Henward Allison Sterling , Tauaa Mene , Turituri Ronald
Published: December 2018

Child-centeredness is a pedagogical approach common in US early childhood education, one that advocates young children should direct their own learning and excercise individual choice in activitites. This approach is reflected in national US Head Start policy. Using multivocal, video-cued, and traditional ethnographic methods, this study presents an analysis of interview data collected from three focus groups with American Samoan teachers to argue that the child-centered approach in newly adopted performance standards may not actually be child-centered, particuarly when ignoring the knowledge base and cultural expectations for children in culturally diverse communities. Analyzed through post-colonial theory, which recognizes the erasure of indigenous approaches to educating young children, we focus on Samoan teachers’ understanding of child-centeredness. Results indicate Samoan teachers had drastically different understandings of child-centeredness, instead pointing to optimal pedagogy as collaborative, community-oriented, and structured, and stressing the value of learning from each other. In forgrounding the voice of Samoan educators, we complicate the existing and pervasive binary positioning of child-centered and teacher-directed instruction in early childhood curriculums, to offer another alternative, an expanded notion of child-centeredness that is contextually bound and locally determined.
Integrative Herbal Medicine for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and Hand-Foot Syndrome in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Liu Yihong , May Brian H. , Zhang Anthony Lin , Guo Xinfeng , Lu Chuanjian , Xue Charlie Changli , Zhang Haibo
Published: December 2018

Objectives: To assess the clinical evidence for integrative herbal medicine therapy in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and hand-foot syndrome (HFS) resulting from treatments for colorectal cancer (CRC). Design: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from major English and Chinese databases. Participants had been diagnosed with CRC by pathology and had received or were undergoing chemotherapy. Interventions included herbal medicines administered orally or topically. Controls were placebo, supportive care or conventional chemotherapy for CRC. Methods followed the Cochrane handbook. Meta-analyses were grouped by study design, outcome measure, severity, and chemotherapy. Random-effects models with 95% confidence intervals were used. Heterogeneity was assessed as I2. Results: Sixty-three RCTs (4286 participants) were included. Five used a placebo in the control groups. Fifty-eight studies tested oral herbal medicine, and 5 tested topical herbal medicine. Data were available for CIPN (60 studies) and HFS (12 studies). Fifty-seven studies combined orally administered herbal medicine with chemotherapy compared with the same chemotherapy. For CIPN, 33 studies used World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, 7 used Levi’s criteria, and 10 used the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE). These were analyzed separately. For grades III + IV CIPN, there was a significant reduction in the integrative groups for WHO (relative risk [RR] 0.42 [0.23, 0.77], I2 = 0%) and Levi’s (RR 0.28 [0.11, 0.69], I2 = 0%) but not NCI-CTCAE (RR 0.65 [0.37, 1.13], I2 = 26.4%). Hand and foot baths showed no differences for Levi’s grades III + IV CIPN but a significant reduction in all grades (RR 0.69 [0.50, 0.95], I2 = 68.8%). For HFS (all grades) there was a significant reduction in the integrative groups for WHO (RR 0.62 [0.41, 0.96], I2 = 22%) but not for NCI-CTCAE (RR 0.93 [0.55, 1.55], I2 = 75.7%). Sensitivity analyses explored sources of heterogeneity. Conclusions: Integrative herbal therapy appeared to reduce CIPN and HFS in people receiving chemotherapy for CRC. However, the strength of the evidence was limited by lack of blinding in most studies, potential for bias, and relatively short study durations.
Programming – Flow in the convergence of digital media platforms and television
Authors: Cox Christopher M
Published: December 2018

This essay updates Raymond Williams’ flow by defining its contemporary logics – televisible and invisual. The televisible are both media content and visual digital media forms that shape – and are shaped by – interactions with media content through digital media platforms. The invisual are unseen operations of software, algorithms and other processes that configure and manifest the televisible. A case study of Netflix illuminates how this reconceived flow series functions as a framework for understanding the stakes of digital media platforms that both foster possibilities for user interactivity and attenuate users to industrial models for audienceship and programming.
Locating SVOD in Australia and Mexico: Stan and Blim contend with Netflix
Authors: Rios Sofia , Scarlata Alexa
Published: December 2018

This study employs a comparative analysis of industrial practices and marketing campaigns utilised by subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) platforms, Stan and Blim. It evaluates Stan’s creation and launch prior to the advent of Netflix in Australia, and the introduction of Blim well after Netflix had already established itself as the preferred SVOD in Mexico. Despite the substantial differences between the histories and impacts of these respective national television markets, this study identifies that both platforms have experienced relative success by capitalising on Netflix’s problematic ‘global’ status, by focusing on the production and distribution of content that is uniquely reflective of their geographic audiences. The aim of this research is to encourage scholarly inquiry into internet-distributed television to look beyond multinational portals like Netflix, to localise studies of transnational media and SVOD platforms and to consider the many ways that competing with Netflix has impacted the future of national television production.
A tribute to David Lavery: Television canon, television creativity
Authors: Wilcox Rhonda V , Abbott Stacey , Howard Douglas L
Published: December 2018

This article pays tribute to the career of Professor David Lavery and his landmark contribution to television studies. It reflects upon how his edited collections on TV series such as Twin Peaks, The X-Files, Buffy the Vampire Slayer and The Sopranos demonstrated the value of research and, in particular, close textual analysis of individual television series. It considers the impact that the many conferences he co-organised and journals he co-founded had in the creation of collaborative research networks and a sphere of influence known as the ‘Lavery Effect’. It reflects upon his contribution to legitimising blogging and popular media as acceptable platforms for academic research, thus taking scholarship beyond academic audiences and readers. Finally, the essay offers a review of his personal production, addressing his individual contribution to television studies, particularly addressing how his work led the way in considerations of creativity and television authorship and the development of a TV canon.
Between happiness and sorrow: Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories concerning war episodes and positive events in the Gaza Strip
Authors: Manzanero Antonio L , Fernández Juan , Gómez-Gutiérrez María del Mar , Álvarez Miguel A , El-Astal Sofián , Hemaid Fairouz , Veronese Guido
Published: December 2018

In the present study, we investigated the characteristics of memories concerning both traumatic events (war-related memories) and positive life events (happy memories) in a group of Palestinian students who were victims of war and military violence. An ad hoc questionnaire was developed to explore differences in how the traumatic and happy events were recalled, both in relation to the actual events experienced and in relation to their phenomenological features in autobiographical memory. Traumatic memories were observed to be richer in sensory characteristics, more vivid, and generally more detailed; the emotions associated with traumatic episodes were more intense and played a key role in recall, as did recurrent thoughts and discussion of events and post-event autobiographical memories. In sum, traumatic memories are more complex than non-traumatic ones given their more sensory and analogical nature, which can also undermine accuracy of recall. The clinical implications of these findings and possible directions for future research are discussed.
Whole-exome sequencing identifies a novel IHH insertion in an Ontario family with brachydactyly type A1
Authors: Ho Rosettia , McIntyre Adam D , Kennedy Brooke A , Hegele Robert A
Published: December 2018

Isolated brachydactyly is an umbrella term describing disproportionally shortened fingers and toes, often following an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Various forms of brachydactyly have been characterized and several causative genes have been found, but many types remain genetically undefined. We describe an Ontario family with mild brachydactyly in which whole-exome sequencing identified a novel variant for brachydactyly type A1 (exon 1, c.285_287dupGAA, p.Glu95_Asn96insLys) in the Indian hedgehog ( IHH) gene. This rare variant co-segregated with affected status in the pedigree and was associated with (1) shortened middle phalange length by 21.1% ( p < 0.001); (2) shortened palm length by 13.8% ( p < 0.01); (3) reduced digit-palm ratio by 6.8% ( p < 0.03); and (4) reduced stature by 9.5% ( p < 0.001). We report the first IHH in-frame insertion causing brachydactyly type A1.
Is it necessary to use forced air warming in core endourological procedures where warmed intravenous and irrigation fluids are routinely used?
Authors: Azhar Fowz , Dyer James E , Clarke Laurence
Published: December 2018

Objective:

Perioperative hypothermia is an important consideration for all surgical specialties, but susceptibility may vary between them. Current guidance on prevention of this does not differentiate between specialties. We hypothesise that in core endourological surgery, the use of warmed irrigation sufficiently protects patients from hypothermia and that forced air warming (FAW) does not provide any added benefit.

Materials and methods:

Between November 2015 and January 2016, all case notes were reviewed for patients who had undergone core urological procedures. Data collated included age, body mass index, procedure length, perioperative temperatures and warming methods used. The sample population was stratified according to warming devices used. The difference in temperature change between groups was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and in specific groups using the Student’s t-test. Perioperative hypothermia was defined as a finishing temperature < 36.0°C or a temperature drop of greater that 1.0°C.

Results:

Perioperative hypothermia occurred in 2 out of 226 patients, both from those receiving FAW, warmed irrigation and warmed intravenous (IV) fluid. No significant difference was noted between all groups in terms of absolute temperature change (ANOVA P = 0.111). Furthermore, there was no significant change in absolute temperature when comparing groups with FAW, warmed irrigation and warmed IV fluid with those with warmed irrigation and warmed IV fluid alone.

Conclusion:

The routine use of FAW in core endourological surgery may not be necessary. In most procedures, particularly those of short duration, there appears to be no added benefit in using FAW in combination with warmed irrigation and IV fluid.

Level of evidence:

3b
Exposure to Violence and Beliefs About Violence Against Women Among Adolescents in Nigeria and South Africa
Authors: Fakunmoju Sunday B. , Rasool Shahana
Published: December 2018

Although adolescents’ exposure to violence and oppressive gender attitudes is prevalent, comparative knowledge across countries is sparse. This study examined exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), family violence, and beliefs about violence against women (VAW) in a convenience sample of 2,462 adolescents from 44 schools in Nigeria and South Africa. Findings suggested that exposure to IPV, family violence, and beliefs about VAW differed by gender and country. Specifically, adolescents from Nigeria were more likely to be exposed to IPV and family violence and were more likely to endorse VAW than adolescents from South Africa. Male adolescents were more likely to endorse VAW than were female adolescents. Similarly, higher age, being male, being from Nigeria, being in a relationship, and greater exposure to family violence were associated with higher endorsement of VAW. Findings suggest that effective prevention programs are needed in both countries to mitigate exposure to IPV and family violence. Concerted efforts are also required to work with exposed adolescents to inhibit pro-VAW beliefs and stop the intergenerational transmission of violence. Additional implications of findings for policy, practice, and research are discussed.
Relationship Between Time to ACL Reconstruction and Presence of Adverse Changes in the Knee at the Time of Reconstruction
Authors: Sommerfeldt Mark , Goodine Tom , Raheem Abdul , Whittaker Jackie , Otto David
Published: December 2018

Background:

Treatment of patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is often complicated by secondary damage to the meniscus and cartilage.

Purpose:

To assess the association between time from ACL tear to ACL reconstruction (ACLR) and the presence of intra-articular injuries at the time of ACLR, including meniscal tears, irreparable meniscal tears, chondral damage, and knee compartment degenerative changes.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Consecutive patients undergoing primary ACLR performed by a single surgeon in a Canadian health system over a 5.5-year period were included. Age at ACLR, activity level prior to injury, time from injury to ACLR (TFI), presence and degree of radiographic osteoarthritic features (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] score by tibiofemoral and/or patellofemoral compartment), and surgeon-recorded meniscal lesions (presence and treatment [repair or excision]) and chondral lesions (International Cartilage Repair Society [ICRS] scale grade >2) at time of ACLR were extracted from medical records. The association between TFI (in quartiles: first quartile [0-36 wk] through fourth quartile [110-1000 wk]) and each outcome was assessed with multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age at ACLR and activity level.

Results:

A total of 860 individual patient records were included. The median patient age was 27.0 years (range, 12-63 years), 47.5% were female (403/849), and 47.2% were classified as playing competitive or professional sports versus recreational sport (337/714). After adjustment for age and activity level, TFI was associated with presence of medial meniscal tear (odds ratio [OR] of fourth-quartile vs first-quartile patients, 3.86; 95% CI, 2.38-6.24; P < .001), medial meniscal tear requiring greater than two-thirds meniscectomy (OR, 5.64; 95% CI, 2.99-10.67; P < .001), medial femoral condyle chondral damage (OR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.96-5.95; P < .001), and medial tibiofemoral radiographic osteoarthritic features (OR, 22.03; 95% CI, 5.17-93.86; P < .001). TFI was not associated with adverse outcomes in the lateral tibiofemoral or patellofemoral compartments.

Conclusion:

Increases in TFI are associated with medial meniscal tears, including irreparable medial meniscal tears, medial femoral condyle chondral damage, and early medial tibiofemoral compartment degenerative changes at time of ACLR. These findings highlight the importance of establishing a timely diagnosis and implementing an appropriate treatment plan for patients with ACL injuries. This approach may prevent further instability episodes that place patients at risk of sustaining additional intra-articular injuries in the affected knee. Further research is required to understand the implications of TFI and to determine whether decreasing the TFI alters the natural history after an ACL injury.
Trauma Consults by Geriatricians: Looking Into the Black Box
Authors: Duran Stephan F. , Mazzurco Lauren , Palmer Robert M.
Published: December 2018

The conceptual framework, targeting of older adults, and content of a targeted geriatric trauma consult (GTC) performed by geriatricians at a Level 1 trauma center are highlighted. The GTC is designed to optimize patient care through comprehensive assessment and to interrupt the disablement process. In a performance improvement study, fellowship-trained and certified geriatricians conducted the GTC in 98 patients ranging in age from 68 to 100 years. Most common recommendations by the geriatricians were for transitions of care (e.g., home health, skilled nursing facility, hospice), changes in medications (e.g., antihypertensives, antidepressants/antipsychotics), advanced care planning, and specialist referral. Targeted GTC performed by a geriatrician is an efficient approach to comanagement of complex older trauma patients, in contrast to mandated geriatric team consultation. In settings of value-based care, GTC by a geriatrician has potential to reduce patient disability and health care costs compared with usual care of older trauma patients.
Temporoparietal Junction Functional Connectivity in Early Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Penner Jacob , Osuch Elizabeth A. , Schaefer Betsy , Théberge Jean , Neufeld Richard W. J. , Menon Ravi S. , Rajakumar Nagalingam , Williamson Peter C.
Published: December 2018

Background

The temporoparietal junction (TPJ) has been linked to lower-level attentional and higher-level social processing, both of which are affected in schizophrenia (SZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD). We examined resting functional connectivity of bilateral anterior and posterior TPJ in SZ and MDD to evaluate potential anomalies in each disorder and differences between disorders.

Methods

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 24 patients with SZ, 24 patients with MDD, and 24 age-matched healthy controls. We performed seed-based functional connectivity analyses with seed regions in bilateral anterior and posterior TPJ, covarying for gender and smoking.

Results

SZ had reduced connectivity versus controls between left anterior TPJ and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC); between left posterior TPJ and middle cingulate cortex, left dorsal PFC, and right lateral PFC; between right anterior TPJ and bilateral PCC; and between right posterior TPJ and middle cingulate cortex, left posterior insula, and right insula. MDD had reduced connectivity versus controls between left posterior TPJ and right dlPFC and between right posterior TPJ and PCC and dlPFC. SZ had reduced connectivity versus MDD between right posterior TPJ and left fusiform gyrus and right superior-posterior temporal cortex.

Conclusion

Functional connectivity to the TPJ was demonstrated to be disrupted in both SZ and MDD. However, TPJ connectivity may differ in these disorders with reduced connectivity in SZ versus MDD between TPJ and posterior brain regions.
Transferrin receptor 1 controls systemic iron homeostasis by fine-tuning hepcidin expression to hepatocellular iron load
Authors: Fillebeen Carine , Charlebois Edouard , Wagner John , Katsarou Angeliki , Mui Jeannie , Vali Hojatollah , Garcia-Santos Daniel , Ponka Prem , Presley John , Pantopoulos Kostas
Published: December 2018

Transferrin receptor 1 (Tfr1) mediates uptake of circulating transferrin-bound iron to developing erythroid cells and other cell types. Its critical physiological function is highlighted by the embryonic lethal phenotype of Tfr1-knockout (Tfrc−/−) mice and the pathologies of several tissue-specific knockouts. We generated TfrcAlb-Cre mice bearing hepatocyte-specific ablation of Tfr1 to explore implications in hepatocellular and systemic iron homeostasis. TfrcAlb-Cre mice are viable and do not display any apparent liver pathology. Nevertheless, their liver iron content (LIC) is lower compared with that of control Tfrcfl/fl littermates as a result of the reduced capacity of Tfr1-deficient hepatocytes to internalize iron from transferrin. Even though liver Hamp messenger RNA (mRNA) and serum hepcidin levels do not differ between TfrcAlb-Cre and Tfrcfl/fl mice, Hamp/LIC and hepcidin/LIC ratios are significantly higher in the former. Importantly, this is accompanied by modest hypoferremia and microcytosis, and it predisposes TfrcAlb-Cre mice to iron-deficiency anemia. TfrcAlb-Cre mice appropriately regulate Hamp expression following dietary iron manipulations or holo-transferrin injection. Holo-transferrin also triggers proper induction of Hamp mRNA, ferritin, and Tfr2 in primary TfrcAlb-Cre hepatocytes. We further show that these cells can acquire 59Fe from 59Fe-transferrin, presumably via Tfr2. We conclude that Tfr1 is redundant for basal hepatocellular iron supply but essential for fine-tuning hepcidin responses according to the iron load of hepatocytes. Our data are consistent with an inhibitory function of Tfr1 on iron signaling to hepcidin via its interaction with Hfe. Moreover, they highlight hepatocellular Tfr1 as a link between cellular and systemic iron-regulatory pathways.
CCND2 and CCND3 hijack immunoglobulin light-chain enhancers in cyclin D1− mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Martín-Garcia David , Navarro Alba , Valdés-Mas Rafael , Clot Guillem , Gutiérrez-Abril Jesús , Prieto Miriam , Ribera-Cortada Inmaculada , Woroniecka Renata , Rymkiewicz Grzegorz , Bens Susanne , de Leval Laurence , Rosenwald Andreas , Ferry Judith A. , Hsi Eric D. , Fu Kai , Delabie Jan , Weisenburger Dennis , de Jong Daphne , Climent Fina , O’Connor Sheila J. , Swerdlow Steven H. , Torrents David , Beltran Sergi , Espinet Blanca , González-Farré Blanca , Veloza Luis , Costa Dolors , Matutes Estella , Siebert Reiner , Ott German , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , Jaffe Elaine S. , López-Otín Carlos , Salaverria Itziar , Puente Xose S. , Campo Elias , Beà Sílvia
Published: December 2018

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation resulting in overexpression of cyclin D1. However, a small subset of cyclin D1− MCL has been recognized, and approximately one-half of them harbor CCND2 translocations while the primary event in cyclin D1−/D2− MCL remains elusive. To identify other potential mechanisms driving MCL pathogenesis, we investigated 56 cyclin D1−/SOX11+ MCL by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), whole-genome/exome sequencing, and gene-expression and copy-number arrays. FISH with break-apart probes identified CCND2 rearrangements in 39 cases (70%) but not CCND3 rearrangements. We analyzed 3 of these negative cases by whole-genome/exome sequencing and identified IGK (n = 2) and IGL (n = 1) enhancer hijackings near CCND3 that were associated with cyclin D3 overexpression. By specific FISH probes, including the IGK enhancer region, we detected 10 additional cryptic IGK juxtapositions to CCND3 (6 cases) and CCND2 (4 cases) in MCL that overexpressed, respectively, these cyclins. A minor subset of 4 cyclin D1− MCL cases lacked cyclin D rearrangements and showed upregulation of CCNE1 and CCNE2. These cases had blastoid morphology, high genomic complexity, and CDKN2A and RB1 deletions. Both genomic and gene-expression profiles of cyclin D1− MCL cases were indistinguishable from cyclin D1+ MCL. In conclusion, virtually all cyclin D1− MCLs carry CCND2/CCND3 rearrangements with immunoglobulin genes, including a novel IGK/L enhancer hijacking mechanism. A subset of cyclin D1−/D2−/D3− MCL with aggressive features has cyclin E dysregulation. Specific FISH probes may allow the molecular identification and diagnosis of cyclin D1− MCL.