bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A 10+10+30 radio campaign is associated with increased infant vaccination and decreased morbidity in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia: A prospective, quasi-experimental trial
Authors: Appiah Bernard , Gebretsadik Lakew Abebe , Mamo Abebe , Kmush Brittany , Asefa Yisalemush , France Christopher R. , Samman Elfreda , Alemayehu Tena , Abafogi Mahdiya , Ahmed Md Koushik , Forastiere Laura , Singh Gursimar Kaur , Larsen David , Morankar Sudhakar
Published: November 2022

Mass media interventions have the potential to reach large audiences and influence health behaviours and outcomes. To date, no study has evaluated the effect of a radio-only campaign on infant vaccination coverage, timeliness, and related morbidity in a low-income country. We implemented the “10+10+30” radio campaign involving broadcasting a weekly 10-minute radio drama series on vaccination, followed by a 10-minute discussion by community health workers, and then a 30-minute listener phone-in segment in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia for three months. To assess the impact of 10+10+30, which was aired on a community radio station, we recruited mothers of infants up to 5 weeks old in intervention district clusters that were inside the radio station’s reception range (n = 328 dyads) and control district clusters that were outside of the range (n = 332 dyads). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses, adjusted for pre-intervention differences between the districts, were conducted to examine the co-primary outcome of Penta-3 vaccination coverage and timeliness as well as those of other vaccines and outcomes related to infant morbidity. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses revealed higher vaccine coverage (p<0.001) and more timely vaccine administration (p<0.001) in the intervention district relative to the control district, with infants in the intervention district being 39% more likely to receive a Penta 3 vaccination (adjusted RR: 1.39, p<0.001). In addition, adjusted regression analyses of maternal retrospective reports over a two-week period revealed 80% less infant diarrhoea (RR: 0.20, p<0.001), 40% less fever (RR: 0.60, p<0.001) and 58% less cough (RR: 0.42, p<0.001) in the intervention district relative to the control district. This study provides compelling initial evidence that a radio drama integrated with discussion and phone-in components may improve infant vaccination coverage and timeliness, and may reduce infant morbidity. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm and extend these findings with other samples.
Multimorbidity and health-related quality of life among patients attending chronic outpatient medical care in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia: The application of partial proportional odds model
Authors: Eyowas Fantu Abebe , Schneider Marguerite , Balcha Shitaye Alemu , Pati Sanghamitra , Getahun Fentie Ambaw
Published: November 2022

Background

Multimorbidity, the presence of two or more chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a given person affects all aspects of people’s lives. Poor quality of life (QoL) is one of the major consequences of living with multimorbidity. Although healthcare should support multimorbid individuals to achieve a better quality of life, little is known about the effect of multimorbidity on the QoL of patients living with chronic conditions. This study aimed to determine the influence of multimorbidity on QoL among clients attending chronic outpatient medical care in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methodology

A multi-centered facility-based study was conducted among 1440 participants aged 40+ years. Two complementary methods were employed to collect sociodemographic and disease related data. We used the short form (SF-12 V2) instrument to measure quality of life (QoL). The data were analyzed by STATA V.16, and a multivariate partial proportional odds model was fitted to identify covariates associated with quality of life. Statistical significance was considered at p-value <0.05.

Principal findings

Multimorbidity was identified in 54.8% (95% CI = 52.2%-57.4%) of the sample. A significant proportion (33.5%) of the study participants had poor QoL and a quarter (25.8%) of them had moderate QoL. Advanced age, obesity and living with multimorbidity were the factors associated with poor QoL. Conversely, perceived social support and satisfaction with care were the variables positively associated with better QoL.

Conclusion

The magnitude of multimorbidity in this study was high and individuals living with multimorbidity had a relatively poorer QoL than those without multimorbidity. Care of people with chronic multiple conditions has to be oriented to the realities of multimorbidity burden and its implication on QoL. It is also imperative to replicate the methods we employed to measure and analyze QoL data in this study for facilitating comparison and further development of the approaches.
Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 related mortality and hospitalization before vaccination: A meta-analysis
Authors: Marmor Hannah N. , Pike Mindy , Zhao Zhiguo (Alex) , Ye Fei , Deppen Stephen A.
Published: November 2022

The literature remains scarce regarding the varying point estimates of risk factors for COVID-19 associated mortality and hospitalization. This meta-analysis investigates risk factors for mortality and hospitalization, estimates individual risk factor contribution, and determines drivers of published estimate variances. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of COVID-19 related mortality and hospitalization risk factors using PRISMA guidelines. Random effects models estimated pooled risks and meta-regression analyses estimated the impact of geographic region and study type. Studies conducted in North America and Europe were more likely to have lower effect sizes of mortality attributed to chronic kidney disease (OR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.09–0.52 and OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10–0.63, respectively). Retrospective studies were more likely to have decreased effect sizes of mortality attributed to chronic heart failure compared to prospective studies (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.44–0.95). Studies from Europe and Asia (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.30–0.57 and OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28–0.84, respectively) and retrospective studies (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.47–0.73) reported lower hospitalization risk attributed to male sex. Significant geographic population-based variation was observed in published comorbidity related mortality risks while male sex had less of an impact on hospitalization among European and Asian populations or in retrospective studies.
Advanced dwarf mongoose optimization for solving CEC 2011 and CEC 2017 benchmark problems
Authors: Agushaka Jeffrey O. , Akinola Olatunji , Ezugwu Absalom E. , Oyelade Olaide N. , Saha Apu K.
Published: November 2022

This paper proposes an improvement to the dwarf mongoose optimization (DMO) algorithm called the advanced dwarf mongoose optimization (ADMO) algorithm. The improvement goal is to solve the low convergence rate limitation of the DMO. This situation arises when the initial solutions are close to the optimal global solution; the subsequent value of the alpha must be small for the DMO to converge towards a better solution. The proposed improvement incorporates other social behavior of the dwarf mongoose, namely, the predation and mound protection and the reproductive and group splitting behavior to enhance the exploration and exploitation ability of the DMO. The ADMO also modifies the lifestyle of the alpha and subordinate group and the foraging and seminomadic behavior of the DMO. The proposed ADMO was used to solve the congress on evolutionary computation (CEC) 2011 and 2017 benchmark functions, consisting of 30 classical and hybrid composite problems and 22 real-world optimization problems. The performance of the ADMO, using different performance metrics and statistical analysis, is compared with the DMO and seven other existing algorithms. In most cases, the results show that solutions achieved by the ADMO are better than the solution obtained by the existing algorithms.
Characterizing altruistic motivation in potential volunteers for SARS-CoV-2 challenge trials
Authors: Marsh Abigail A. , Magalhaes Monica , Peeler Matthew , Rose Sophie M. , Darton Thomas C. , Eyal Nir , Morrison Josh , Shah Seema K. , Schmit Virginia
Published: November 2022

In human challenge trials (HCTs), volunteers are deliberately infected with an infectious agent. Such trials can be used to accelerate vaccine development and answer important scientific questions. Starting early in the COVID-19 pandemic, ethical concerns were raised about using HCTs to accelerate development and approval of a vaccine. Some of those concerns pertained to potential exploitation of and/or lack of truly informed consent from volunteers. Specific areas of concern arose around individuals who may be unusually risk-seeking or too economically vulnerable to refuse the payments these trials provide, as opposed to being motivated primarily by altruistic goals. This pre-registered study is the first large-scale survey to characterize people who, early in the pandemic, expressed interest and intention to volunteer to participate in COVID-19 HCTs. We found that individuals expressing interest in SARS-CoV-2 HCTs exhibit consistently altruistic motivations without any special indication of poor risk perception or economic vulnerability. In finding that, early in the pandemic, COVID-19 HCTs were able to attract volunteers whose values align with the nature of these trials, and who are not unusually vulnerable to exploitation, this study may allay some ethical concerns about the volunteers interested in participating in such trials.
The effect of neuroscientific evidence on sentencing depends on how one conceives of reasons for incarceration
Authors: Perricone Annalise , Baskin-Sommers Arielle , Ahn Woo-kyoung
Published: November 2022

Neuroscientific evidence is increasingly utilized in criminal legal proceedings, prompting discussions about how such evidence might influence legal decisions. The effect of neuroscientific testimony on legal decisions remains uncertain, with some studies finding no effect, others reporting that neuroscience has a mitigating impact, and some indicating neuroscience evidence has an aggravating effect. The present study attempts to explain these divergent findings by showing that the effect of neuroscience evidence on sentencing interacts with beliefs about the goals of the criminal legal system. Using a between-subjects design, participants (N= 784) were asked to assume different rationales for imprisonment, before receiving neuroscientific evidence about antisocial behavior and its potential relation to the defendant. Participants recommended a sentence for the defendant prior to and after reading the neuroscientific evidence. Participants who were given the rationale of retribution as the primary goal of imprisonment significantly decreased their sentencing recommendations. When the goal of imprisonment was to protect the public from dangerous people, participants provided longer post-testimony sentences. Lastly, when the goal was to rehabilitate wrongdoers, participants also increased sentences from pre to post. Thus, the impact of neuroscientific evidence is not monolithic, but can lead to either mitigated or aggravated sentences by interacting with penal philosophy.
The design, delivery and evaluation of ‘Human Perspectives VR’: An immersive educational programme designed to raise awareness of contributory factors for a traumatic childbirth experience and PTSD
Authors: Heys Stephanie , Downe Soo , McKeown Mick , Thomson Gill
Published: November 2022

Background

A traumatic childbirth experience affects ~30% of women each year, with negative impacts on maternal, infant, and family wellbeing. Women classified as vulnerable or marginalised are those more likely to experience a psychologically traumatising birth. A key contributory factor for a traumatic childbirth experience is women’s relationships with maternity care providers.

Aims

To develop, design and evaluate an immersive educational programme for maternity care providers to raise awareness of traumatic childbirth experiences amongst vulnerable groups, and ultimately to improve women’s experiences of childbirth.

Methods

A critical pedagogical approach that utilised virtual reality (VR) underpinned the design and development of the educational programme. This involved: a) collecting vulnerable/disadvantaged women’s experiences of birth via interviews; b) analysing data collected to identify key hotspots for traumatic experiences within interpersonal patient–provider relationships to develop a script; c) filming the script with professional actors creating a first person perspective via VR technology; d) using existing literature to inform the theoretical and reflective aspects of the programme; e) conducting an evaluation of the education programme using pre-and post-evaluation questionnaires and a follow-up focus group.

Findings

Human Perspective VR was very well received. Participants considered the content to have enhanced their reflective practice and increased their knowledge base regarding contributory factors associated with a traumatic childbirth experience. A need for further work to implement learning into practice was highlighted.

Conclusion

While further research is needed to evaluate the impact of the programme, Human Perspective VR programme offers an innovative approach to reflective education and to enhance participants’ care practices.
Gastropods underwent a major taxonomic turnover during the end-Triassic marine mass extinction event
Authors: Ferrari Mariel , Hautmann Michael
Published: November 2022

Based on an exhaustive database of gastropod genera and subgenera during the Triassic–Jurassic transition, origination and extinction percentages and resulting diversity changes are calculated, with a particular focus on the end-Triassic mass extinction event. We show that gastropods suffered a loss of 56% of genera and subgenera during this event, which was higher than the average of marine life (46.8%). Among molluscs, gastropods were more strongly affected than bivalves (43.4%) but less than ammonoids, which were nearly annihilated. However, there were also pronounced differences among gastropod subclasses. The most strongly affected subclass was the Neritimorphia, which lost 72.7% of their Rhaetian genera; on the other extreme, the Heterobranchia remained nearly unaffected (11% loss). We analysed this extinction pattern with respect to larval development, palaeobiogeography, shell size, and anatomy and found that putative feeding of the pelagic larval stage, adaptation to tropical-temperate water temperatures, and flexibility of the mantle attachment were among the factors that might explain extinction resilience of heterobranchs during the end-Triassic crisis. Among molluscs, extinction magnitude roughly correlates with locomotion activity and thus metabolic rates. We suggest three potential kill mechanisms that could account for these observations: global warming, ocean acidification, and extinction of marine plankton. The end-Triassic extinction of gastropods therefore fits to proposed extinction scenarios for this event, which invoke the magmatic activity of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province as the ultimate cause of death. With respect to gastropods, the effect of the end-Triassic mass extinction was comparable to that of the end-Permian mass extinction. Notably, Heterobranchia was relatively little affected by both events; the extinction resilience of this subclass during times of global environmental changes was therefore possibly a key aspect of their subsequent evolutionary success.
Language as a cue for social categorization in bilingual communities
Authors: Lorenzoni Anna , Santesteban Mikel , Peressotti Francesca , Baus Cristina , Navarrete Eduardo
Published: November 2022

This registered report article investigates the role of language as a dimension of social categorization. Our critical aim was to investigate whether categorization based on language occurs even when the languages coexist within the same sociolinguistic context, as is the case in bilingual communities. Bilingual individuals of two bilingual communities, the Basque Country (Spain) and Veneto (Italy), were tested using the memory confusion paradigm in a ‘Who said what?’task. In the encoding part of the task, participants were presented with different faces together with auditory sentences. Two different languages of the sentences were presented in each study, with half of the faces always associated with one language and the other half with the other language. Spanish and Basque languages were used in Study 1, and Italian and Venetian dialect in Study 2. In the test phase, the auditory sentences were presented again and participants were required to decide which face uttered each sentence. As expected, participants error rates were high. Critically, participants were more likely to confuse faces from the same language category than from the other (different) language category. The results indicate that bilinguals categorize individuals belonging to the same sociolinguistic community based on the language these individuals speak, suggesting that social categorization based on language is an automatic process.
Re-validation and cultural adaptation of the brief, standardized assessment tool for measuring HIV-related stigma in healthcare settings in Almaty, Kazakhstan
Authors: Iskakova Balnur , Nugmanova Zhamilya , Murat Yucel Recai , Gamarel Kristi E. , King Elizabeth J.
Published: November 2022

The HIV epidemic continues to grow in Kazakhstan and HIV stigma remains a major barrier to HIV prevention and treatment in the country. HIV stigma in healthcare setting may also discourage people living with HIV (PLHIV) from getting the care needed. Therefore, studying the attitudes of healthcare workers towards PLHIV is important and requires well-constructed measurement tools adapted to the specific cultural context. In our study, we aimed to adapt and re-validate a brief questionnaire on HIV stigma among healthcare workers in Almaty, Kazakhstan. We held focus group discussions to obtain input on an existing questionnaire and surveyed 448 primary healthcare providers to psychometrically evaluate the scale. The final HIV-stigma scale consisted of 15 items, 6 of them measuring negative opinions about PLHIV and the rest assessing stigmatizing health facility policies towards PLHIV. Both HIV-stigma subscales demons6trated adequate psychometric properties (with Cronbach’s alpha α = 0.57 for the first and α = 0.86 for the second subscale, and with factor loadings >0.35 within each subscale). High numbers of respondents holding negative attitudes towards PLHIV, detected in this sample (87%; n = 380), may suggest the need for immediate actions addressing HIV stigma in healthcare in Kazakhstan.
Social distancing, community stigma, and implications for psychological distress in the aftermath of Ebola virus disease
Authors: Crea Thomas M. , Collier K. Megan , Klein Elizabeth K. , Sevalie Stephen , Molleh Bailah , Kabba Yusuf , Kargbo Abdulai , Bangura Joseph , Gbettu Henry , Simms Stewart , O’Leary Clara , Drury Stacy , Schieffelin John S. , Betancourt Theresa S.
Published: November 2022

Background

The 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic resulted in more infections and deaths than all prior outbreaks in the 40-year history of this virus combined. This study examines how experiences of EVD infection, and preventive measures such as social distancing, were linked to experiences of stigma and social exclusion among those reintegrating into their communities.

Methods

Key informant interviews (n = 42) and focus group discussions (n = 27) were conducted in districts with a high prevalence of EVD and representing geographical and ethnic diversity (n = 228 participants). The final sample was composed of adults (52%) and children (48%) who were EVD-infected (46%) and -affected (42%) individuals, and community leaders (12%). Data were coded using a Grounded Theory approach informed by Thematic Content Analysis, and analyzed using NVivo. Interrater reliability was high, with Cohen’s κ = 0.80 or higher.

Findings

Participants described two main sources of EVD-related stress: isolation from the community because of social distancing and other prevention measures such as quarantine, and stigma related to infected or affected status. Participants linked experiences of social isolation and stigma to significant distress and feelings of ostracization. These experiences were particularly pronounced among children. Sources of support included community reintegration over time, and formal community efforts to provide education and establish protection bylaws.

Interpretation

This study found that social distancing and EVD-related stigma were each prominent sources of distress among participants. These results suggest that isolation because of infection, and the enduring stigmatization of infected individuals and their families, demand coordinated responses to prevent and mitigate additional psychosocial harm. Such responses should include close engagement with community leaders to combat misinformation and promote community reintegration.
Reduced humoral but stable cellular SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in liver transplant recipients in the first year after COVID-19
Authors: Kirchner Theresa , Heinrich Sophia , Bonifacius Agnes , Engel Bastian , Ruhl Louisa , Pink Isabell , Thomas Nele , Martens Joerg , Hoeper Marius M. , Blasczyk Rainer , Wedemeyer Heiner , Jaeckel Elmar , Li Yang , Falk Christine S. , Eiz-Vesper Britta , Taubert Richard
Published: November 2022

Mortality due to COVID-19 is not increased in immunosuppressed individuals after liver transplantation (OLT) compared to individuals without immunosuppression. Data on long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed convalescents, is limited. We prospectively measured immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 by quantifying antibodies against 4 different antigens (spike protein 1 and 2, receptor binding domain, nucleocapsid) and T cell responses by IFN-γ ELISPOT against 4 antigens (membrane, nucleocapsid, spike protein 1 and 2) in 24 OLT convalescents with immunosuppressive therapy longitudinally in the first year after COVID-19 including a booster vaccination in comparison to a matched cohort of non-immunosuppressed convalescents (non-IS-Con). Pre-pandemic OLT samples were retrieved from our prospective OLT biorepository (n = 16). No relevant T cell reactivity or immunoglobulin G (IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 were detectable in pre-pandemic samples of OLT recipients despite reactivity against endemic corona-viruses. OLT convalescents had a lower prevalence of IgG against nucleocapsid (54% vs. 90%) but not against spike protein domains (98–100% vs. 100%) after vaccination in the second half-year after COVID-19 compared to non-IS-Con. Also, concentrations of anti-nucleocapsid IgG were lower in OLT convalescents than in non-IS-Con. Concentration of IgG against spike protein domains was significantly increased by a booster vaccination in OLT convalescents. But concentration of IgG against two of three spike protein domains remains slightly lower compared to non-IS-Con finally. However, none of these differences was mirrored by the cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 that remained stable during the first year after COVID-19 and was not further stimulated by a corona vaccination in OLT convalescents. In conclusion, despite lower concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in OLT convalescents anti-SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity was as robust as in non-IS-Con.
Exposure to images showing (non)adherence to physical distancing rules: Effect on adherence behavior and perceived social norms
Authors: Raghoebar Sanne , Delnoij Joyce , Kamphorst Bart A. , Broekhuizen Henk
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Adherence to behavioral measures such as physical distancing are key to mitigating the effects of viral pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Adherence depends in part on people’s perception of what others do (descriptive norms) or approve of (injunctive norms). This study examines the effects that exposure to images depicting people following or breaking physical distancing rules have on perceptions of descriptive and injunctive norms and subsequent adherence behavior.

Methods

An online between-subjects experiment (n = 315) was conducted, in which participants were exposed to a set of five photographs of different public spaces in which people either did or did not adhere to physical distancing rules (pre-registration: https://www.osf.io/uek2p). Participants’ adherence behavior was measured using a triangulation of measures (incentivized online behavioral task, vignettes, intention measure). Perceptions of relevant social norms were also measured.

Results

Mann-Whitney tests showed no effects of condition on perceptions of descriptive and injunctive norms or on adherence behavior. Linear regressions showed that both component paths of the indirect effect (condition on norm perceptions, and norm perceptions on adherence behavior) were non-significant, hence mediation analyses were not conducted.

Conclusions

Exposure to images of people following (compared to breaking) physical distancing rules did not affect adherence to such rules or perceived norms. We surmise that a single exposure to such images, especially in the context of COVID-19, is insufficient to affect behavior. We therefore recommend performing a comparable experiment in which participants are exposed repeatedly to images showing people (non)adhering to a specific behavior in a particular context for a longer period.
Effectiveness of Aedes-borne infectious disease control in Latin America and the Caribbean region: A scoping review
Authors: Mulderij-Jansen Vaitiare , Pundir Prachi , Grillet Maria E. , Lakiang Theophilus , Gerstenbluth Izzy , Duits Ashley , Tami Adriana , Bailey Ajay
Published: November 2022

Background

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are primary vectors of emerging or re-emerging arboviruses that threaten public health worldwide. Many efforts have been made to develop interventions to control these Aedes species populations. Still, countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region struggle to create/design/develop sustainable and effective control strategies. This scoping review synthesises evidence concerning the effectiveness of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus prevention and control interventions performed in LAC (2000–2021). The findings can be used to evaluate, compare and develop more effective control strategies.

Methodology

The review is based on the methodology by Joanna Briggs Institute for conducting a scoping review. The MEDLINE (via PubMed and Web of Science), Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE and ScienceDirect databases were used to search for articles. Grey literature was searched from governmental and non-governmental organisation websites. Four reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts and full-text of the articles using the Rayyan web application, based on pre-defined eligibility criteria.

Results

A total of 122 publications were included in the review. Most studies focused on dengue virus infection and data on Ae. aegypti. Entomological data were mainly used to determine the intervention’s effectiveness. An integrated control intervention was the most commonly employed strategy in both regions. Biological control measures, environmental management, and health education campaigns on community participation achieved more sustainable results than an intervention where only a chemical control measure was used. Challenges to implementing interventions were insufficient financial support, resources, workforce, intersectoral collaboration and legislation.

Conclusions

Based on the synthesised data, an integrated vector (Aedes) management focused on community participation seems to be the most effective approach to mitigate Aedes-borne infectious diseases. Maintaining the approach’s effect remains challenging as it requires multisectoral and multi-disciplinary team engagement and active community participation. Future research needs to address the barriers to program implementation and maintenance as data on this topic is lacking.
The effect of soil type on yield and micronutrient content of pasture species
Authors: Darch Tegan , Blackwell Martin S. A. , Hood Jessica , Lee Michael R. F. , Storkey Jonathan , Beaumont Deborah A. , McGrath Steve P.
Published: November 2022

The use of multispecies swards on livestock farms is growing due to the wide range of benefits they bring, such as improved biomass yield and animal performance. Preferential uptake of micronutrients by some plant species means the inclusion of legumes and forbs in grass-dominated pasture swards could improve micronutrient provision to livestock via careful species selection. However, although soil properties affect plant micronutrient concentrations, it is unknown whether choosing ‘best-performing’ species, in terms of their micronutrient content, needs to be soil-specific or whether the recommendations can be more generic. To address this question, we carried out an experiment with 15 common grass, forb and legume species grown on four soils for five weeks in a controlled environment. The soils were chosen to have contrasting properties such as texture, organic matter content and micronutrient concentrations. The effect of soil pH was tested on two soils (pH 5.4 and 7.4) chosen to minimise other confounding variables. Yield was significantly affected by soil properties and there was a significant interaction with botanical group but not species within a botanical group (grass, forb or legume). There were differences between botanical groups and between species in both their micronutrient concentrations and total uptake. Micronutrient herbage concentrations often, but not always, reflected soil micronutrient concentrations. There were soil-botanical group interactions for micronutrient concentration and uptake by plants, but the interaction between plant species (within a botanical group) and soil was significant only for forbs, and predominantly occurred when considering micronutrient uptake rather than concentration. Generally, plants had higher yields and micronutrient contents at pH 5.4 than 7.4. Forbs tended to have higher concentrations of micronutrients than other botanical groups and the effect of soil on micronutrient uptake was only significant for forbs.
Unique cellular immune signatures of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children
Authors: Rajamanickam Anuradha , Nathella Pavan Kumar , Venkataraman Aishwarya , Varadarjan Poovazhagi , Kannan Srinithi , Pandiarajan Arul Nancy , Renji Rachel Mariam , Elavarasan Elayarani , Thimmaiah Akshith , Sasidaran Kandasamy , Krishnamoorthy Nedunchelian , Natarajan Suresh , Ramaswamy Ganesh , Sundaram Balasubramanian , Putlibai Sulochana , Hissar Syed , Selladurai Elilarasi , Uma Devi K. Ranganathan , Nutman Thomas B. , Babu Subash
Published: November 2022

The clinical presentation of MIS-C overlaps with other infectious/non-infectious diseases such as acute COVID-19, Kawasaki disease, acute dengue, enteric fever, and systemic lupus erythematosus. We examined the ex-vivo cellular parameters with the aim of distinguishing MIS-C from other syndromes with overlapping clinical presentations. MIS-C children differed from children with non-MIS-C conditions by having increased numbers of naïve CD8+ T cells, naïve, immature and atypical memory B cells and diminished numbers of transitional memory, stem cell memory, central and effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, classical, activated memory B and plasma cells and monocyte (intermediate and non-classical) and dendritic cell (plasmacytoid and myeloid) subsets. All of the above alterations were significantly reversed at 6–9 months post-recovery in MIS-C. Thus, MIS-C is characterized by a distinct cellular signature that distinguishes it from other syndromes with overlapping clinical presentations.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov clinicaltrial.gov. No: NCT04844242.
The imaginary of luxury
Authors: Monneyron Frédéric , Mathieu Patrick
Published: November 2022

In this short article, Patrick Mathieu and Frédéric Monneyron offer a new analysis of luxury they have developed in their noted book, L’Imaginaire du luxe (Imago, 2015). Their study is grounded on the idea that luxury is always a way of keeping death away and that luxury is a matter of images more than objects. Calling on the works of two major French anthropologists, Gilbert Durand and Georges Dumézil, they consequently identify on the one hand the main trends of luxury, conspicuousness, elegance and comfort and their growing importance in today’s societies and, on the other hand, they stress the importance of luxury brands and their place in the luxury market.
Craftsmanship: Interview with Stephen Jones, milliner
Authors: Borstrock Shaun
Published: November 2022

As part of the In Pursuit of Luxury podcast series, I’ve interviewed a number of people in a variety of areas in the luxury sector whose work involves areas ranging from design to business, manufacturing, publishing, sustainability and PR. I’ve interviewed designers and craftspersons and those who are involved in leadership roles in major corporations. In our pursuit of luxury and the subsequent launch of the In Pursuit of Luxury podcast we continue the debate around luxury. What is luxury? How is it defined? Who defines it? And why define it at all? These questions, and more are at the forefront of our mind as we discuss current and emergent definitions of luxury and that they mean to each of our interviewees. I have interviewed master craftsmen like for example, the watchmaker, Roger W. Smith, the jeweller Theo Fennell, the designer Ron Arad and the Michelin star chef Ollie Dabbous. I thought milliner Stephen Jones’s interview would be particularly suited for this issue as he celebrates 25 years as creative director at Christian Dior.
A revelation: Addressing feminist agency in Norwegian film history
Authors: Holtar Ingrid S. , Lund Maria Fosheim , Servoll Johanne Kielland
Published: November 2022

This article examines how gender balance in the Norwegian film sector has been narrativized, and as such is a historiographical challenge to a tendency to delineate the presence of women film directors at key dates as markers of equality. To suggest alternative trajectories, this article adopts a methodology of constellation, putting into dialogue the little-known women’s film and television network Women’s Film Forum (1982–89) and Women in Film and Television Norway (2005–present) as well as the production practices of director-writers Vibeke Løkkeberg, whose career began in the 1970s, and Itonje Søimer Guttormsen, whose first feature film premiered in 2021. Through these constellations, we explore ways to acknowledge the strategies and agencies of individual filmmakers and grassroots organizations that have addressed gender inequalities in the film and TV sectors for more than four decades and to re-frame the present moment beyond official film policies.
Women’s agency in the Swedish film industry: Annoying little buggers and passionate team players
Authors: Jansson Maria , Wallenberg Louise
Published: November 2022

The article is based on transcripts of interviews with twenty women directors in the Swedish film industry conducted in 2018 and 2019, focusing on narratives from women working under varying conditions and in several genres who have actively chosen various strategies to manage their work situation. We contextualize their actions and choices to unpack how their work and efforts fit into an industry still dominated by men and influenced by a culture of masculinity idealizing the male genius. In the first section, we discuss how the women experienced their first encounters with the industry and what strategies they developed at this stage. In the second section, we discuss women’s deliberations about how to make work on the set manageable and productive. In the final section, we investigate various strategies related to work opportunities and the possibilities for women to realize their visions and their passion for making films.
Rainbow remixes: Cut and paste sound in the films of Len Lye
Authors: Mangion Suzy
Published: November 2022

Len Lye made extraordinary, energetic direct films in the mid-1930s with the help of his sound editors, Jack Ellit and Ernst Meyer. While receiving recognition for his visual animation, the full extent to which Lye broke new audio-visual ground has been underestimated. This article proposes Lye and his collaborators as important pioneers of audio remixing, a musical process generally assumed to have much later origins. His short, hand-painted films including Rainbow Dance (1936) and Trade Tattoo (1937) were constructed using little to no visual editing, while their soundtracks were substantially cut and pasted. These soundtracks were painstakingly constructed from pre-existing musical recordings, re-arranged into bespoke instrumentals. This significant audio-visual accomplishment has remained largely unnoticed, despite predating experiments in audio manipulation by better-known composers. This article brings these considerable audio-visual innovations to the fore, and highlights the important relationship between dance music and Lye’s avant-garde filmmaking.
Spatial audio production for immersive media experiences: Perspectives on practice-led approaches to designing immersive audio content
Authors: Turner Daniel , Murphy Damian , Pike Chris , Baume Chris
Published: November 2022

Sound design with the goal of immersion is not new. However, sound design for immersive media experiences (IMEs) utilizing spatial audio can still be considered a relatively new area of practice with less well-defined methods requiring a new and still emerging set of skills and tools. There is, at present, a lack of formal literature around the challenges introduced by this relatively new content form and the tools used to create it, and how these may differ from audio production for traditional media. This article, through the use of semi-structured interviews and an online questionnaire, looks to explore what audio practitioners view as defining features of IMEs, the challenges in creating audio content for IMEs and how current practices for traditional stereo productions are being adapted for use within 360 interactive soundfields. It also highlights potential direction for future research and technological development and the importance of practitioner involvement in research and development in ensuring future tools and technologies satisfy the current needs.
The Educational Benefit of a Remote Automatic Control Laboratory. A Win-Win Collaboration between Asia and Europe
Authors: Ballatore Maria Giulia , Razza Valentino , Regruto Diego , Stievano Igor , Tabacco Anita
Published: November 2022

This project aims to implement a Remote European Asian Lab, an Automatic Control remote laboratory, in the joint academic cooperation framework between two universities located in Europe and Central Asia. Emphasis is given to the inclusive solution of a shared teaching facility and its learning achievements into a bachelor course (Uzbekistan) and a master course (Italy) to foresee a better education quality. The different cultural and social contexts allow (a) the evaluation of the effect obtained by introducing a remote laboratory experience in a course entirely theoretical, and (b) the shift from a physical laboratories experience to a remote one. Students are first introduced to this laboratory by the lecturer in dedicated classes. Then students can independently access it 24/7 by simply booking a specific station for a time slot. From the analysis comes out that remote laboratory experiences positively impact learning achievements. The benefits of the remote environment are perfectly comparable with the ones obtained from the physical laboratory activities.
Knowledge, Attitude, Performance of Donning and Doffing about Personal Protective Equipment Related to Acute Respiratory Infectious Diseases of Nurses in Small and Medium Hospital
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Lee Yu Ri , Kim Nam Hee
Published: November 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between knowledge, attitude, performance of donning and doffing of personal protective equipment related to acute respiratory infectious diseases for nurses working in small and medium-sized hospitals. The survey was conducted on 159 nurses working at four small and medium hospitals with less than 300 beds located in B city, from august 10, 2021 to september 7. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS program. The averages of knowledge, attitude, and performance of donning and doffing of personal protective equipment were 14.13±2.22, 3.98±0.56, and 4.30±0.56, respectively. Attitude showed a significant positive correlation with the performance of donning and doffing(r=.27, p<.001), knowledge did not show a significant correlation with attitude(r=.13, p=.089) and performance of donning and doffing(r=.13, p=.091). As a result of this study, periodic education and simulated training for each situation should be conducted rather than once in order to improve the performance of donning and doffing of nurses in small and medium hospitals on personal protective equipment.
Effects of Chewing Gum on the Recovery of Bowel Motility after in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgery
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Yun Ah , Cho Jeong Lim
Published: November 2022

This study examine the effects of chewing gum on the recovery of bowel motility after laparoscopic-assisted abdominal surgery. This quasi-experimental study used a nonequivalent control group pre-post design. Data collection was conducted from January 1, 2018, to April 10, 2018. A total of 41 patients participated in the study. Forty-one patients undergoing laparoscopic-assisted abdominal surgery were assigned to either experimental group (n=21) or control group (n=20). The patients in the experimental group chewed gum for 30 minutes two times daily after the operation until the day they reported gas passing. Outcome variables were the time of bowel movement, time of the first passage of flatus, and time of the first defecation. The collected data were analyzed with frequency, percentage, Chi-square test and t-test by SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. This study showed that chewing gum was significantly effective in increasing the time of bowel movement and time of the first passage of flatus. but it was not effective in increasing the time of the first defecation. Chewing gum can be untilized as a safe and effective nursing intervention to reduce bowel movement and time of the first passage of flatus for patients with laparoscopic-assisted abdominal surgery.
Military Diplomacy of Korea-Japan GSOMIA for Crisis Management on the Korean Peninsula
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Jeong Eung-jin
Published: November 2022

This study attempted to find a solution to the security and crisis management of the Korean Peninsula in Korea-Japan relations. North Korea’s nuclear and missile risks are increasing, which acts as a serious security threat to South Korea and is in desperate need of crisis management. In the international system, the state responds by choosing alliances and cooperation in consideration of its national power. Considering the unstable security situation in which North Korea’s nuclear and missile risks are increasing, dialogue and compromise with North Korea are also important, but crisis management should be carried out through military preparations. GSOMIA is an agreement signed between allies, and many developed countries have signed and maintained. GSOMIA can be a momentum or leverage that can be developed through military cooperation or military exchanges while facilitating information exchange between the two countries by mutually prescribed methods. While considering the international situation in Northeast Asia and the domestic political situation, it is necessary to consider GSOMIA from the national interest and military perspective for crisis management on the Korean Peninsula.
A Study on the Academic Trends of Dynamic Capability for Crisis Management: Systematic Literature Review in Korean Academia
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Gi Bum , Lee Jee Bok
Published: November 2022

This study reports on the Korean academic trends of dynamic capability theory that will help the crisis management of the state and companies and presents future research directions. Based on the systematic literature review, 644 papers on dynamic capability published in Korean journals listed in the Korean citation index were searched and 118 papers were selected for the analysis. As a result of the analysis, the academic research about dynamic capability in Korean academia began in 2006. Most of researches were mainly conducted with applying empirical research methodology in the field of social science. It was found that the main research fields were divided into seven areas: export, organization, information technology, entrepreneurship, technological innovation, environmental management, and case study. The derived major research fields were found to constitute dynamic capability by being classified into functional and managerial dimensions as key elements of dynamic capability. The results of this study can help establish the status of individual studies related to dynamic capability theory and identify research fields related to crisis management in the future.
Reliability Analysis of the Maturity Survey of Enterprise Business Continuity Activities
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Yang Jun , Lee Sung Su
Published: November 2022

In order to maintain major functions and continuity during crisis, companies are establishing a Business Continuity Management System in accordance with a standard for disaster management under the Act on assistance to the autonomous activities of enterprises for disaster mitigation. This process is based on the presentation of the level of introduction of business continuity activities through the survey of the company’s preparation (maturity) for business continuity activities; however, the maturity survey in practice does not consider the importance of the survey items, indicating a problem in that the discriminating ability of maturity and the differentiation by field of business continuity activities cannot be considered. Therefore, this study reviewed the reliability of the survey results through case analysis of the maturity survey of the business continuity activity and analyzed the differences in the results by applying weight to each survey item. As a result, it was found that 34 questions in a total of 8 areas of the maturity survey lacked reliability in the classification between areas due to the burden of discrimination between items and the likelihood of similar responses of the survey subjects was high.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of on Interventions for the Relief of Depression in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis, Kim Juri , Lee Mikyoung
Published: November 2022

Purpose: In this study, a systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention program for reducing depression due to the COVID-19 pandemic. PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome), a specific question for systematic review, is as follows. Depression intervention was applied to normal people (patients), and the comparative intervention group did not receive experimental treatment (intervention, comparison). For outcome, a study analyzed and measured using a depression measurement tool was selected (outcome). Documents published from January 2020 to February 2022 were selected and 892 documents were searched in the domestic database, a total of 13 documents were systematically reviewed, and 6 documents were meta-analyzed. The effect size between interventions for the relief of depression and general intervention, was -0.82 (n=132, MD=-0.82; 95% CI -1.26 to -0.37), and significantly different (Z=3.60, p=.0003). The significance of this study is that it was the first study in Korea to analyze the effect of an intervention method to reduce depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.