bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Report of morphological abnormalities in Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (Caridea, Palaemonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon province
Authors: Martins Déborah E. G. , Silva Kátia C. A. , Klautau Alex G. C. M. , Cintra Israel H. A. , Alves-Júnior Flavio A.
Published: July 2022

We report morphological abnormalities for the specimens of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) collected from the Amazon province in the State of Pará, Brazil, using a local trap called “matapi” at the lower Tocantins River, from June 2004 to May 2005. After sampling, the specimens were sorted out, fixed in ethanol and deposited in the carcinological collection of the Crustaceans Laboratory at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA) and the Center for Research and Management of Fishery Resources of the North Coast (CEPNOR/ICMBio). Three individuals showed morphological anomalies in the rostrum and telson. This is the first record of such morphological abnormalities for this species, but further investigation is needed to establish the cause of these anomalies in the region.
Two new equations to evaluate allometry in the blue shrimp Penaeus stylirostris Stimpson, 1871 (Decapoda, Penaeidae) in a coastal lagoon from the Gulf of California
Authors: Leyva-Vázquez Yanira , Arzola-González Juan F. , Rodríguez-Domínguez Guillermo , Ramirez-Perez Jorge Saul , Ortega-Lizárraga Gilberto G. , Félix-Ortiz José A. , Aragón-Noriega E. Alberto
Published: July 2022

In Mexico, shrimp catch is the main fishing activity, and the second important species is the blue shrimp, Penaeus stylirostris. Specimens of P. stylirostris collected in 2016-2018 from inland waters (bay) and offshore (littoral) in the Santa María la Reforma lagoon (SMLR) system were analysed. The sexes were separated, and then individuals were measured in total length (L, mm) and weighed (W, g). The data were transformed into a natural logarithm and were adjusted to seven candidate models with a multi-model approach (Linear, Quadratic, Cubic, Broken stick, Two segments, Three segments and Four segments: the last two proposed in this study as new equations). A total of 30 439 specimens were analysed. Statistical differences were found in L between areas (KS test, ). Positive and negative allometry was observed according to biometric relationship and sex. The best model was selected with the lowest value of the Akaike information criterion, resulting in the choice of the Four segments model.
Description of Ruehmaphelenchus americanum n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) found in Loblolly pine from the USA
Authors: Gu Jianfeng , Fang Yiwu , Ma Xinxin
Published: July 2022

Ruehmaphelenchus americanum n. sp., isolated from southern yellow pine (Pinus taedae L.) from the USA is described and figured. It is characterised by a relatively stout body (a = 30 for females and males), three lines in the lateral field, both oocytes and spermatocytes arranged in two rows, male spicules relatively small (14-18 μm) with weakly developed condylus and rostrum, short tail with a bluntly pointed tip, seven papilliform genital papillae present, female vulva positioned at ca 82% of body length, vulval lips slightly protruding, post-uterine branch extending two-thirds of vulva to anus distance, tail cylindrical, ca two anal body diam. long, terminus forming a spike-like projection or mucron, 7.6-12.2 μm long, with pointed tip. The new species can be separated from 11 known species (except R. thailandae) by male genital papillae arrangement (the second and third pair adjacent vs separated). Detailed phylogenetic analysis based on 18S and 28S D2-D3 region ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences has confirmed the status of this nematode as a new species.
Evaluation of summer and winter cover crops for variations in host suitability for Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica
Authors: Marquez Josiah , Hajihassani Abolfazl , Davis Richard F.
Published: July 2022

Root-knot nematode (RKN) is an important pathogen on vegetables; therefore, planting a non- or poor host cover crop following a susceptible vegetable crop is a promising management option. This study builds upon previous studies and evaluates the variations in host status of cover crop candidates for reducing the reproduction of RKN populations (Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica) in Georgia, USA, to shed light on previous inconsistencies regarding the host status of cover crops and effectiveness in the field. Two glasshouse trials tested the host status of 14 plant species and 18 cultivars plus susceptible tomato ‘Rutgers’. Sixty days after inoculation, roots were evaluated for galling (GI) and egg mass index (EI). Gall formation was not a reliable indication of RKN reproduction for many cover crops, which had higher EI than GI. Based on GI, all cover crops were either non-hosts, ranging from non-hosts to poor hosts or poor hosts to all three RKN species, except blue lupine and hairy vetch, which were susceptible to all three RKN species and had a GI and EI equal to the susceptible tomato control. Based on EI, only bahiagrass, bermudagrass, marigold, millet and velvetbean were either non-hosts or ranged from non-hosts to poor hosts. Eleven cover crops varied in host status to the three RKN species screened, ranging from either non-host to poor hosts or poor hosts to susceptible, which could explain inconsistencies in glasshouse and field trials.
A new phonological analysis of geminates in Cypriot Greek (and beyond)
Authors: Topintzi Nina
Published: July 2022

Cypriot Greek geminates have been the subject of much past research and controversy. One major challenge has been their proper syllabification. Another involves their weight status. Taking stock of recent phonetic evidence that supports an inherent mora for Cypriot Greek geminates and tautosyllabicity on the basis of durational effects on the vowel that follows the geminate (Armosti 2011), I build a formal phonological analysis of Cypriot Greek lexical geminates as moraic onsets. The analysis employs WCL (‘weight-and-concomitant-length’), a new theory of gemination designed to handle both the weight and length properties of lexical geminates in comparison to singletons, as attested cross-linguistically. WCL manages to produce both heavy and light geminates on the surface, and dispenses with double linking as a means to express a geminate’s increased length. These features of WCL prove crucial in the analysis of Cypriot Greek. Finally, WCL’s theoretical and typological superiority is furnished through its extensions to other patterns.
Paying the Piper: History, Humanities, and the Scientific Study of Religion
Authors: Lane Justin E. , Wildman Wesley J. , Shults F. LeRon
Published: July 2022

Here we respond to a recent article in this journal by Leonardo Ambasciano, in which he offers a high-level critique of “big data,” artificial intelligence, and computational approaches in the study of religion. The main thrust of his argument is that these approaches are fundamentally problematic both because of their negative effect on the humanities and because they inappropriately rely on “neoliberal philanthrocapitalist” funding. In our response, we refer to our experience working with computational scientists and humanities scholars in collaborative teams, where they stand shoulder to shoulder in equal collaboration with one another, each side relying on the distinctive value that the other provides as they attempt to create clearer and more valid descriptions, analyses, and explanations of complex human behaviors. We correct several errors of fact in Ambasciano’s article, focusing first on ideological and ethical issues and then on methodological and epistemological issues. We conclude by emphasizing several points on which we agree with his assessment.
Some Remarks on the Term Abxāz in Classical Persian Literature and Historiography
Authors: Zeyghami Amir
Published: July 2022

This article is devoted to the analysis of the occurrences of the term Abxāz in Classical Persian literature and Iranian historiography. Under the term Abxāz, generally, Persian poets and writers implied the whole territory of Georgia and not only proper Abkhazia located on the eastern coast of the Black Sea. New points have been made about the word tamūk in Luγat-i furs by Asadī Ṭūsī, as well as the Abkhaz language, based on a quatrain (rubā‘ī) by Xāqānī.
The Oil Policy and Independence of the Kurdistan Regional Government
Authors: Abbassi Ebrahim , Salehi Seyed Javad , Salehi Mohammad
Published: July 2022

The oil policy of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) is mainly focused on achieving full political independence besides pursuing other interests. The Kurdistan region of Iraq contains approximately one third of the total proven energy resources of the country. This raises the question of why Kurdistan’s oil policy could not be used as a leverage for its independence in the Middle East? The main hypothesis of this research is that the complex system of the Middle East is not in line with the ultimate goal of the KRG, which is separation from Iraq and the establishment of an independent Kurdish state. The research findings show that the independence of the KRG faces severe challenges in the complex sphere of the Middle East. These challenges are mainly rooted in the weakness of the KRG in regional networking and also in the activities of terrorist groups in the region.
Regimes of Visibility in the Global Parkour
Authors: Braune Ines
Published: July 2022

Parkour is often defined through its strikingly visual dimension with breathtaking images of leaps covering amazing distances, recordings of seemingly impossible body movements and flying bodies apparently no longer constrained by gravity. However, the basic idea behind parkour is to find the most efficient or direct path as one crosses from one point to another while overcoming all obstacles using only one’s bodily capacities. No additional tools are used or are necessary. The seemingly weightless traceurs and traceuses (parkour practitioners) run, jump and climb through public and digital space. At the same time, they produce visual footage of their best movements. As in other sporting cultures, such as skateboarding, surfing or climbing, the productions of visual material and the visual representation of the sports practices are interrelated. This hints at an entangled relationship between parkour and media in its various forms and aspects. In the following article, parkour will be described as a mediatized global cultural practice with a focus on established regimes of visibility. The analysis will be conducted from a local Moroccan and gendered perspective and using an ethnographic approach.
Intermediating Aural and Visual Divides in Ahmed Shafie’s Print Literary Media and Hassan Khan’s New Media Art
Authors: Abdelmessih Marie Thérèse
Published: July 2022

New literary media in print has changed its paradigms by converging with new media art; likewise, new media art draws on narrative techniques and poetic images. These paradigm transmutations have generated collaborative links binding distinct creative practices, intensifying the reading engagement and/or immersive experience. The mutual interpenetrations of print literary media and new media art challenges traditional understandings of literary, visual and acoustic practices, urging us to rethink mainstream/popular and local/global divides. This paper draws on new literary writing in print by Ahmed Shafie (b. 1977), a Cairo-based writer, poet and translator, along with new media art by Hassan Khan (b. 1975), a Cairo-based writer, composer, and new media artist, both informed by regional and worldwide cultures. By intermediating their visual, verbal and/or aural experiences, this paper addresses the convergent strategies used to produce signification in a worldwide rapidly changing cultural context. The intensity of the reader’s/viewer’s/user’s engagement with the literary or visual experience will be explored to reconsider intermediation as an act of intervention.
Media Representations of Local Muslim Associations’ Acts of Charity in Zambia’s Multi-Religious but Christian-Dominated Context since the 2010s
Authors: Mwale Nelly
Published: July 2022

Using media representations, this article explores how the media presents Islamic charity in a multi-religious but Christian-dominated context of Zambia. It shows that representations of local Muslim associations’ acts of charity ranged from rendering support to the vulnerable (in the form of donations of assorted items to communities, schools, hospitals and prisons), to undertaking community development programmes, to building and renovating infrastructure in selected areas countrywide. This representation signified a shift in media coverage of Islam in the 2000s. While the mediatised acts of charity were centred on Muslim social responsibility, the article advances that the representations of Muslim charity revealed not only the significant place of Muslims in the Zambian society, evidenced by the recognition by both state and non-Muslims as key players in public life, but also their ability to unite as a religious minority.
A Beninese Imam’s Controversial 2019 Election Campaign: Muslim Leadership and Political Engagement in a Minority Context
Authors: Madore Frédérick
Published: July 2022

In Benin, the general furor surrounding the 2019 legislative elections held without opposition parties caused many to overlook the fact that Ibrahim Ousmane, a well-known imam from Cotonou, was ultimately elected to the National Assembly. His decision to run in the elections had sparked intense debates over political participation, the criteria used to select the community’s “legitimate” representatives, and, more broadly, the nature of Islamic religious authority in a minority context. In this article, I use the controversy that erupted in 2019 as a starting point for exploring disputes within Benin’s Muslim community and the dilemmas of Muslim minority politics. These disputes center on how its members can engage with national politics to promote their collective interests and maintain their political autonomy from the state. The crisis can also be understood in terms of a “generational” struggle for religious authority, in a context where there are competing sources of legitimacy.
Historical woods of traditional Brazilian boats
Authors: de Melo Júnior João Carlos Ferreira
Published: July 2022

Wood has been historically used to build traditional boats in Brazil. The present study examined different types of wood used in the boat collection of the Museu Nacional do Mar (Portuguese for National Museum of the Sea). Samples were collected with a Pressler borer and incorporated into the JOIw xylarium. Histological and anatomical descriptions followed usual wood anatomy protocols. Wood of 15 species of low, medium, and high density was microscopically identified. Most of the species are native to forests that surround the waterways where the boats were built, although some were imported from more distant forests. We believe the wood anatomy shows the relationship between human societies and forest resources used in navel carpentry. Additionally, wood surveys like this broaden our knowledge on the cultural heritage, ethnobotanic, and technological properties knowledge, which ultimately contribute to biodiversity conservation.
Korean Students’ Responses to Non-Cognitive Variables Compared to Japanese and Singaporean Students Based on TIMSS Data
Authors: Kim Hyunjung
Published: July 2022

This study analyzed the responses of Korean students to interest, confidence, value, and instructional clarity in science and mathematics. To achieve this, the raw data of the recent student survey of TIMSS were analyzed. A one-way ANOVA was performed, and a post hoc test was performed. Additionally, a cohort analysis was performed to determine the changes when the fourth-grade students reached the eighth grade. The study results are as follows. First, interest and confidence were higher in the fourth grade than in the eighth grade. Second, in most cases, the average response of Singaporean students was the most positive, but in terms of interest and confidence in science in the fourth grade, the Japanese response average was generally the highest. Third, the average scores of Korean students on wanting to have a job related to their subject and knowing what teachers expect from them were low in both science and mathematics.
New species of the genera Trigonidium Rambur, 1838 and Pteronemobius Jacobson, 1904 from China (Orthoptera: Grylloidea; Trigonidiidae; Trigonidiinae and Nemobiinae)
Authors: YUAN WEI , ZHENG YAN-NA , MA LI-BIN , GU JUN-JIE
Published: July 2022

We discovery two new species (Trigonidium nigripes sp. nov. and Pteronemobius luojishanensis sp. nov.) of Trigonidiidae (Orthoptera: Grylloidea) from Sichuan Province, China. T. nigripes sp. nov. is distinct by its tegmen slightly bulging smooth and black, bearing false veins, degraded hindwings and similar wing venation of male and female, and P. luojishanensis sp. nov., is distinguished by its male ectoparamere of genitalia bifurcated and epiphallus relatively short. These species are described and illustrated in this article.
Responses of East Asian Climate to SST Anomalies in the Kuroshio Extension Region during Boreal Autumn
Authors: Geng Yu , Ren Hong-Li , Ma Xueying , Zhao Shuo , Nie Yu
Published: July 2022

Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region play a key role in influencing midlatitude climate variations. This study investigates the impacts of SSTAs in the KE region (KE-SSTA) on East Asian climate during boreal autumn. The results reveal that positive KE-SSTA, changing the meridional temperature gradient in the lower troposphere, contributes to the formation of an anomalous quasi-barotropic anticyclonic circulation (AC) over the KE region. Such a configuration tends to be affected by wind through thermal wind adjustment. Simultaneously, it is also impacted by eddy activity related to the strengthened atmospheric baroclinicity through transient eddy feedback. By both means, obvious descending motion and warm advection are generated, which increases tropospheric temperature through adiabatic heating and further maintains the abnormal AC over the KE region. This anomalous circulation changes wind in the east of the East Asian trough, which favors the transportation of warm and wet air from the midlatitude northwest Pacific and further causes the increase of temperature in northeastern East Asia. Moreover, it also leads to the convergence and divergence of water vapor fluxes in Northeast Asia and eastern North China, favoring the increase and decrease of precipitation in the two regions, respectively. The above responsive characteristics of the midlatitude atmospheric circulation to positive KE-SSTA can be confirmed by numerical experiments. These results suggest that anomalous SST in the KE region can be used as a potentially effective predictability source for autumn climate variations in the mid- to high latitudes of East Asia.

Significance Statement

Anomalous variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region play an essential role in influencing midlatitude climate variations. Considering the importance of autumn climate in East Asia to agricultural production, this study aims to explore the relationship between the East Asian climate and autumn SST anomaly in the KE region (KE-SSTA), and to understand how KE-SSTA effects East Asian climate during boreal autumn. Our results suggest that KE-SSTA can be used as one of the effective predictors of East Asian climate, which will contribute to the improvement of short-term climate prediction levels over East Asia.
Impact of Insurer on Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Outcomes, Stage, and Treatment Modalities
Authors: Wallace Nathan J. , Mur Taha , Noordzij Jacob Pieter
Published: July 2022

Background:

While the impact of insurance has been described for thyroid cancer as a whole, we sought to further characterize this relationship for the papillary sub-group (PTC).

Methods:

Those patients with primary site thyroid tumors from 2007 to 2016 with histology-confirmed PTC were extracted from the SEER database. These parameters yielded 103 219 participants for demographic, extent of disease, and treatment parameter study and 103 025 for outcome studies.

Results:

Compared to their counterparts, those with Medicaid were more likely to have stage T3 or greater (<.0001) disease at presentation. Those with Medicare/private insurance were more likely to have No staging at diagnosis ( P < .0001). Similarly, those with Medicaid exhibited poorer overall (98.0%, 90.9%, 81.6% vs 98.9%, 95.0%, 90.0%; P < .0001) and cause-specific (99.3%, 98.0%, 95.8% vs 99.7%, 99.1%, 98.4%; P < .0001) survival after 1, 5, and 9 years respectively.

Conclusion:

Insurer has a significant impact on the stage at diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma while having limited effect on the treatment modalities offered. Statistically significant overall and cause-specific mortality differences were appreciated but are likely clinical insignificant. Further work to elucidate the social factors likely affecting these patients is warranted.
Varicella Zoster Virus Reactivation Involving the Vagus Nerve
Authors: Davis Seth , Thomas Evan , Lowery Anne , Kahue Charissa , Gelbard Alexander
Published: July 2022

Objectives:

To characterize the presentation, clinical course and functional outcomes of patients with varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation involving the vagus nerve. To highlight the role of otolaryngology in acute and long-term management of laryngopharyngeal VZV and its sequelae.

Methods:

Retrospective review of 3 patients with laryngopharyngeal VZV, managed at a tertiary referral center.

Results:

All cases presented with vesicular lesions involving mucosa of the laryngopharynx. Each experienced vocal fold hypomobility, among other otolaryngologic sequelae. All were treated with systemic antivirals and corticosteroids. Mucosal lesions resolved within 7 days of treatment initiation; functional deficits persisted for months to years. Dysphonia improved to a plateau at 3 months, while dysphagia took longer to resolve. One patient with disseminated disease experienced bilateral vocal fold paralysis requiring temporary tracheostomy.

Conclusions:

Vagal neuropathy secondary to VZV reactivation is a rare clinical entity with a variety of laryngeal manifestations. Early initiation of systemic therapy and serial endoscopic evaluations are critical components of acute management when laryngopharyngeal involvement is suspected. Otolaryngologists should plan for long-term phonatory and deglutitive therapy in these cases, as neurologic sequelae can persist for months to years following initial insult.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4 (Case-series).
How to Build Network Effects on Online Platforms for Mental Health
Authors: Zhou Junjie , Wan Xing
Published: July 2022

In the traditional offline context, the mental health industry suffers from poor local demand and a lack of trustworthy supply. Emerging digital platforms can solve this problem to a large extent by building network effects. How to build network effects is a primary issue for mental health platforms. This article explores this problem by investigating two cases from China. Platform firms can design mechanisms to increase user scale, multiply user roles, facilitate user engagement, and enhance user trust on platforms. The pioneer platform and the later entrant can implement different strategies for building network effects.
Educational Social Enterprise and the Wicked Problem of Creativity and Literacy
Authors: Sabet Navid
Published: July 2022

This article examines the potential contribution of social enterprise to the “wicked” problem of creativity and literacy in a performative schooling environment, drawing on an ethnographic study of Ciento, a social enterprise organization that works with under-resourced young people, families, and communities in Melbourne, Australia. In light of the growing body of research on the ways in which schools navigate creativity and performativity, this article contributes new knowledge on non-school organizations that is largely missing from this conversation, as well as new insights on the operations of education-focused social enterprises in Australia. It considers the social, political, and historical factors that have shaped this unique space of educational “wickedity” and the ways in which organizational rationales and practices, as well as the experiences and views of staff and participants, indicate a complex, promising, and innovative approach to educational problem-solving.
Evaluating the Effects of Adding Explicit Vocabulary Instruction to a Word-Problem Schema Intervention
Authors: Stevens Elizabeth A. , Leroux Audrey J. , Mowbray Megan H. , Lee Grace S.
Published: July 2022

Schema instruction improves word-problem solving for students with mathematics difficulty (MD; e.g., Powell et al., 2015 ); however, prior research suggests that students need word-problem-specific language comprehension in addition to schema knowledge to build word-problem models ( Fuchs et al., 2015 , 2018 ). Students have general word knowledge (e.g., more, less) but require word-problem-specific word knowledge to solve word problems successfully (e.g., more than, less than; Kintsch & Greeno, 1985 ). Prior word-problem schema interventions have not provided explicit instruction in word-problem vocabulary to support students’ development of word-problem models. We aimed to determine if word-problem vocabulary instruction combined with schema instruction provided an advantage to word-problem solving for third-grade students with MD. We randomly assigned 75 third graders with MD to three conditions: Word-problem intervention with explicit vocabulary instruction (WP + V), word-problem intervention without explicit vocabulary instruction (WP-only), and business-as-usual intervention (BAU). Students in the treatment conditions received 22, 50-min lessons provided virtually in small groups. On a word-problem vocabulary measure, students in the WP + V condition significantly outperformed students in the WP-only (ES = 0.43) and BAU (ES = 0.83) conditions. On a word-problem measure, students in the WP + V condition outperformed students in the WP-only (ES = 0.08) and BAU conditions (ES = 0.43), although these were not statistically significant. These findings provide preliminary support for the benefits of incorporating explicit vocabulary instruction in a word-problem schema intervention; future research is needed to fully understand the effect of vocabulary instruction on word-problem outcomes.
Effect of reduction time of functionalized graphene oxide on the morphology and properties of epoxy composite foams
Authors: Yang Bangli , zhou Lilu , Liu Qiaohui , Wang Lijun
Published: July 2022

In this study, N-aminoethylpiperazine (AEP)-functionalized and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with different structures and properties was prepared by simply tuning the reduction time and then its effect on the rheological, curing and foaming behavior of epoxy resin was carefully investigated using the environment-friendly carbamate as a chemical foaming agent. As the reduction time of RGO increased, the reduction degree of RGO first increased and then levelled off but the grafted AEP was little affected by the reduction time. The addition of RGO undergoing long reduction time improved the viscoelasticity of epoxy/reduced graphene oxide (EP/RGO) composites but weakened the interfacial compatibility of RGO and EP. With increasing the reduction time of RGO, the cell size of EP/RGO composite foams decreased and the cell density increased. However, as compared with pure EP foam, the composite foams containing RGO with lower reduction degree had a larger cell size and a lower density. These results were attributed to the complicated effect of RGO, which not only acted as the heterogeneous nucleating and foaming agent but also affected the viscoelasticity of composites. In addition, as the reduction time of RGO increased, the initial thermal decomposition temperature, storage modulus at room temperature, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and compressive properties of EP/RGO composite foams increased while the glass transition temperature remained unchanged. These results were related not only to the intrinsic properties and dispersion of RGO, but also to the density and cell morphology of the composite foams.
Belief in Luck and Precognition Around the World
Authors: Harris Emily A. , Milfont Taciano L. , Hornsey Matthew J.
Published: July 2022

Although magical beliefs (such as belief in luck and precognition) are presumably universal, the extent to which such beliefs are embraced likely varies across cultures. We assessed the effect of culture on luck and precognition beliefs in two large-scale multinational studies (Study 1: k = 16, N = 17,664; Study 2: k = 25, N = 4,024). Over and above the effects of demographic factors, culture was a significant predictor of luck and precognition beliefs in both studies. Indeed, when culture was added to demographic models, the variance accounted for in luck and precognition beliefs approximately doubled. Belief in luck and precognition was highest in Latvia and Russia (Study 1) and South Asia (Study 2), and lowest in Protestant Europe (Studies 1 and 2). Thus, beyond the effects of age, gender, education, and religiosity, culture is a significant factor in explaining variance in people’s belief in luck and precognition. Follow-up analyses found a relatively consistent effect of socio-economic development, such that belief in luck and precognition were more prevalent in countries with lower scores on the Human Development Index. There was also some evidence that these beliefs were stronger in more collectivist cultures, but this effect was inconsistent. We discuss the possibility that there are culturally specific historical factors that contribute to relative openness to such beliefs in Russia, Latvia, and South Asia.
Program, Policy and Social Support Characteristics Associated With Rural vs. Urban Recovery Housing, 2018–2020
Authors: Kirby Angela Lynn , Kizewski Amber Lynn , Thompson Robin Anne , Ashworth Madison , Lee Bunn Terry
Published: July 2022

Study objectives were to survey rural and urban recovery house owners/operators on their existing National Alliance for Recovery Residences-like (NARR-like) house programs/policies, and delineate rural–urban differences to raise awareness of NARR standards that align with current recovery house policies/programs and to inform new/enhance existing NARR standards. An electronic survey was developed and disseminated to 112 identified recovery houses in Kentucky. There was a 77% survey response rate. Rural recovery houses were more likely to have provisions in place for persons with disabilities, require clinical services participation, and have a stricter return-to-use policy. Work and/or school requirements in recovery houses were associated with resident stability and house expectations for community integration. Understanding differences in existing NARR-like rural versus urban recovery house policies and programs is necessary to raise state-led NARR affiliate awareness of differential recovery house training and support service needs that can best ready recovery houses for NARR certification.
Prosodic Structural Effects on Non-Contrastive Coarticulatory Vowel Nasalization in L2 English by Korean Learners
Authors: Jang Jiyoung , Kim Sahyang , Cho Taehong
Published: July 2022

This acoustic study explores how Korean learners produce coarticulatory vowel nasalization in English that varies with prosodic structural factors of focus-induced prominence and boundary. N-duration and A1-P0 (degree of V-nasalization) are measured in consonant-vowel-nasal (CVN) and nasal-vowel-consonant (NVC) words in various prosodic structural conditions (phrase-final vs. phrase-medial; focused vs. unfocused). Korean learners show a systematic fine-tuning of the non-contrastive V-nasalization in second language (L2) English in relation to prosodic structure, although it does not pertain to learning new L2 sound categories (i.e., L2 English nasal consonants are directly mapped onto Korean nasal consonants). The prosodic structurally conditioned phonetic detail in English appears to be accessible in most part to Korean learners and was therefore reflected in their production of L2 English. Their L2 production, however, is also found to be constrained by their first language (L1-Korean) to some extent, resulting in some phonetic effects that deviate from both L1 and L2. The results suggest that the seemingly low-level coarticulatory process is indeed under the speaker’s control in L2, which reflects interactions of the specificities of the phonetics-prosody interface in L1 and L2. The results are also discussed in terms of their implications for theories of L2 phonetics.
Bifactor Modelling, Reliability, and Validity of the Material Values Scale in Chinese Youth
Authors: Wang Jing , Xin Xiaoyang , Huo Yongquan , Li Ying , Han Yue , Kong Feng
Published: July 2022

The present study validated the bifactor model of the Material Values Scale (MVS) and examined the association between materialism and subjective well-being (SWB). Study 1 utilized a material values questionnaire that 1673 college students completed. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the bifactor model of the MVS had a better fit than other models. Likewise, the findings were replicated in Study 2 using a larger sample size ( N = 2627). Through structural equation modeling, only the general and specific factors of success were found to be negative predictors of SWB. Our study both provides a methodological reference for measuring the MVS and compensates for the limitations of MVS measurement results.
Perusall Encourages Critical Engagement with Reading Texts
Authors: Kohnke Lucas , Har Frankie
Published: July 2022

Perusall, a collaborative reading tool, was introduced in an advanced reading and writing skills course in Hong Kong to increase engagement with texts and encourage critical discussion during the COVID-19 face-to-face class suspension. Students were asked to use the Perusall platform to complete pre-class readings, highlight and annotate text and critically discuss and answer questions. In this innovation in practice article, we describe why we adopted Perusall and the pedagogical implications of doing so. We aim to assist L2 teachers in encouraging active reading and critical discussion to enhance motivation in language learners.
Alterations of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha expression in RAW264.7 cell damage induced by two samples of PM2.5 with different compositions
Authors: Lyu Yizhen , Zhou Jieting , Li Jianjun , Li Jin , Hu Guocheng , Wang Liyun , Wang Liang , Han Jing , Wang Dong
Published: July 2022

Fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has been demonstrated by previous studies to be associated with cell damage. To explore the impact of the composition of PM2.5 on PM2.5-mediated inflammation, this study investigated the composition of PM2.5 collected during the wintertime indoor heating season and observed its inflammatory effect. Samples were collected during the heating season from December 5, 2017, to January 8, 2018, in Xi’an. Compositions of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble ions were analysed. Two representative samples (sample 1 and 2) were selected with significant differences in compositions. They were configured into four concentrations (0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, 20 μg/mL) and used as interventions on RAW264.7 cells for 4 h and 24 h separately. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene and protein expression levels were detected by real-time quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The results showed that the cell viability of sample 1 intervened cells at 4 h and 24 h was lower than that of sample 2. IL-1β gene in most PM2.5 intervention groups was lower than in the control group. Protein expression was higher at 4 h than at 24 h. In conclusion, PM2.5 components influence cell viability and expression of IL-1β and TNF-α, while high concentrations of NO3−, Cl−, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and others in the PM2.5 composition have a significant harmful effect.
Impact of lifters on velocity and residence time distributions of fabrics in a tumble dryer
Authors: Yu Xinchen , Yao Longping , Ning Lin , Zhu Dongdong , Ding Xuemei
Published: July 2022

The impact of lifters on fabric motion in tumble dryers was examined in this study. A trajectory tracking system based on visual imaging techniques was used to investigate the transverse motion of tracer fabric. From the observation of velocity and residence time distributions of tracer fabric, fabric transverse motion can be divided into passive and active regions. These are entirely consistent with existing forms of bed motion describing the behavior of granular media in rotating cylinders in other fields such as chemical engineering, food drying, and clothes washing processes. Experimental and theoretical analyses indicated that the number of lifters had appreciable impacts on the dynamics of fabric motion, manifested in differences in motion pattern and lift height, thereby enhancing the heat and mass transfer inside the drying drum. This can be seen by comparing drying performance under different drying conditions. The findings in this study shed more light on the impact of lifters on fabric transverse motions which has significant implications for the overall design of tumble dryers.
Sound absorption of woven fabrics produced from braid-reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes
Authors: Zhao Baobao , Yang Quan , Wang Zhen , Hu Chenggong , Feng Quan , Wei Anfang
Published: July 2022

Noise pollution has become one of the four major pollutants in modern society, and the development of acoustical materials with superior noise reduction performance is urgent. In order to develop new and high-performance acoustic materials, braid-reinforced (BR) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes were prepared via the dry–wet spinning process and were used to prepare woven fabrics with different basic textures. The effects of pump flux on the structure and performance of BR PVDF hollow fiber membranes was studied. The results showed that pump flux had an impact on the structural parameters, including the diameter, inner coating layer thickness and porosity, and the fabricated BR PVDF hollow fibers with a porous-resonant composite sound absorption structure had good interface bonding performance. Furthermore, the sound absorption of the woven fabrics was measured by using the impedance tube method in frequency range of 100–6300 Hz. The results demonstrated that plain fabric had a smaller thickness of 2.17 mm and better acoustical properties with a maximum sound absorption coefficient of 0.71. These woven fabrics may potentially be used as ideal materials for controlling noise in fields such as building and transportation.
Off-center braiding process for complex composite preforms based on analysis of the geometric contour model of the mandrel
Authors: Li Qiyang , Chi Xinfu , Ji Chengchang , Sun Yize
Published: July 2022

The braiding process is an important process for composite fabrication. Aiming at the problem of inner fabric folds and outer fabric sparseness in the bending of the complex geometric mandrel during braiding, a control method for off-center braiding is proposed. The mathematical description of the yarn position in the braiding process under the off-center condition is carried out, solving the differential equation for the convergence length using Euler's method to obtain the convergence length at any moment. The prediction model of the yarn on the mandrel is established to describe the spatial position of the fell point in the coordinate system of the mandrel end face and the coverage rate of the preform is solved by using the coverage rate formula under the off-center condition. The braiding experiments of the two mandrels are carried out to verify the feasibility of the prediction model and the control method. The experimental results show that the prediction model of off-center braiding can ensure that the error between the predicted value and the actual value of the braiding angle is within 5°. At the same time, off-center braiding can reduce the inner coverage rate of the bending mandrel and improve the outer coverage rate, and the error of the coverage rate is controlled within 10%. The errors are mainly caused by neglecting the slip of the yarn on the mandrel and the variation of the fell point due to the yarn interaction.
Epidemiology, clinical, and laboratory profile of patients with hepatitis C: A prospective, observational study from north-eastern India
Authors: Barman Bhupen , Roy Akash , Nune Arvind , Lyngdoh W. Valarie , Jamil Md , Tiewsoh Iadarilang
Published: July 2022

Low and middle-income countries (LMICs) contribute to 80% of the global hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection burden. Intravenous drug use (IVDU) is not uncommon in Northeastern India, thus contributing to HCV. Its epidemiology, clinical, and laboratory profile were studied in a tertiary care centre in northeastern India.HCV patients (age >18) of either sex were prospectively assessed for demographic, virological, and genotype distributions. Most were male (M: F, 5.8:1) with a mean age of 37.1 ± 11.8 years. The most common risk factor was IVDU(77.69%), followed by concomitant alcohol use in 69.2%. Besides genotype 3 (59.2%), genotype 1 (26.1%) and genotype 6 were also common (14.6%). The demographics, liver disease severity, and biochemical parameters were similar across genotypes.
Air Power, International Organizations, and Civilian Casualties in Afghanistan
Authors: Allen Susan , Bell Sam R. , Machain Carla Martinez
Published: July 2022

Can the presence of international organizations reduce civilian deaths caused by aerial bombing? This commentary examines this question in the specific context of the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan. We evaluate this based on interviews conducted with members of international organizations that were present in Afghanistan during the conflict, existing intergovernmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, and government reports, and with quantitative data on civilian casualties between 2008 and 2013. We conclude that there is tentative evidence from Afghanistan that international organizations can in fact reduce the severity of civilian killings that result from the use of air power. However, there is much need for greater data sharing to more fully answer this important question.
Making Psychology’s Hidden Figures Visible Using Open Educational Resources: A Replication and Extension Study
Authors: Kelly Alison E. , Laurin Jenna N. , Clinton-Lisell Virginia
Published: July 2022

Background

Historically marginalized psychologists are underrepresented in history of psychology textbooks, which contributes to their poor recognition by psychology students. Open Educational Resources (OERs) offer a viable solution to inadequate pioneer representation.

Objective

This study sought to replicate and extend prior research by examining whether diverse and inclusive OERs related to students’ pioneer recognition and perceptions of course material identity representation (recognitive justice).

Method

Undergraduate students ( N = 50) enrolled in a History of Psychology course completed a pioneer recognition test at the beginning and end of the semester. Students’ perceptions of recognitive justice and the OERs were also assessed.

Results

Initial pioneer recognition benefitted white pioneers and pioneering men. Follow-up recognition significantly improved for all pioneer groups. Students reported positive perceptions of OERs, and feelings of recognitive justice were associated with final grades.

Conclusion

Undergraduate psychology students need exposure to marginalized pioneers prior to taking a history of psychology course. A more inclusive history of psychology curriculum improves students’ marginalized pioneer recognition and may benefit their course performance.

Teaching Implications

Given the absence of women and pioneers of color in commercial textbooks, teachers of the history of psychology should consider using OERs to achieve more diverse pioneer representation in their curricula.
Improved mining subsidence prediction model for high water level area using machine learning and chaos theory
Authors: Yang Xu , Chen Xingda , Fang Xinjian , Chi Shenshen , Zhu Mingfei
Published: July 2022

Ground surface monitoring (GSM) points collect information for mining surface subsidence monitoring and environmental governance. However, GSM points submerge in high groundwater mining areas, preventing the collection of monitoring data. The application of machine learning (ML) algorithms to subsidence prediction ignores the uncertainty and irregularity in subsidence changes. Thus, an innovative GSM point information prediction model, which improves the multikernel support vector machine (GA-MK-SVM) using chaos residual theory commonly used for capturing GSM point information, is proposed. The mean relative errors (MREs) between the predicted and observed results of GA-SVM and GA-MK-SVM were 8.2% and 6.1% during active periods, respectively. The GA-MK-SVM also performed better than the GA-SVM during stable periods. The residual error accumulates as the ML algorithms progress, resulting in imprecise predictions of the GSM points. Thus, the GA-MK-SVM model was improved using chaotic theory (Chaos-GA-MK-SVM), with MREs of 5.0% and 0.9% during the active and stable periods, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed model was improved by 1.1% and 3.2% compared with the unimproved GA-MK-SVM, respectively. The proposed approach provides practical GSM point information for mining subsidence studies and governance in high groundwater mines.
Continental lacustrine fine-grained lithofacies, assemblage and geological significance of unconventional petroleum: A case study of the Paleogene of the 4th member of the Shahejie formation in the Jiyang depression
Authors: Li Ying , Li Zeng-Xue , Wang Dong-Dong , Song Guang-Zeng , Lv Da-Wei , Lusheng-Yin  , Liu Hai-Yan , Xu Chun-Hua , Kong Fan-Fei , Han Qiao-Yu
Published: July 2022

Taking the upper sub-member of Sha 4 in Well Fanye 1 and Well Niuye 1 in Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin as a typical example, this paper adopts the method of combining macro and micro laminar characterization and complementing each other. The characteristics of laminar development are studied by means of fine description of rock thin sections by cores and electron microscopic observation Reconstruction of the Bohai Bay Basin in sand four period of ancient sedimentary environment, it is concluded that the sand on the four period of development of four complete filling sedimentary cycle. Using Milankovitch cycles method, reveals the ancient climate control mechanism of lithofacies, formed by organic laminae under hot and humid climate and a small amount of calcite laminated lithofacies, in hot and humid climate, the lithofacies is mainly composed of organic lamina and a small amount of calcite lamina, while in cold and dry climate, the lithofacies is mainly composed of calcite lamina, and the lithofacies is mainly composed of organic lamina, silty lamina and gypsum lamina. Micro-laminar research is an important scientific issue in unconventional oil and gas eology. It can provide basic data for unconventional oil and gas exploration, such as the types, distribution and extension of laminar, especially the determination of sampling targets. Different laboratory samples can be analyzed according to the laminar types.