bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta-module Mutual Assistance: A Bio-inspired Design for Self-assembly of Modular Space Robot
Authors: Zhao Ning , Gao Liang , Yang Zhiyuan , Jian Qi , Han Kai , Sui Xin , Zhao Jie , Zhu Yanhe
Published: January 2023

The theoretical capability of modular robot to organize the overall
robot into different structures with different functions has broad
prospects in space exploration. Therefore, we develop a novel modular
space robot named Space Module, and inspired by biological cooperative
and mutual assistance behaviors, a novel self-assembly method is
proposed for it.To solve the mobility problem of non-mobile modules, a
new meta-modules design for Space Module is presented, based on which
the concept of mutual assistance is utilized to achieve position and
posture reachability of assembled unit while minimizing the effect of
meta-modules on granularity. Then, an assembly planner is designed to
obtain the assembly sequences according to the unique motion
characteristics of meta-module and mutual assistance to realize the
self-manufacturing of desired configurations. Finally, several
demonstrations are given to verify the validity and feasibility of the
proposed assembly method.

Corresponding author(s) Email: 
 yhzhu@hit.edu.cn
Content-Based Search of Large Image Archives at the PDS Imaging Node Motivation of Content-Based Search
Authors: Lu Steven , Wagstaff Kiri L , Dunkel Emily , Vasu Bhavan , Grimes Kevin , Mcauley Michael
Published: January 2023

The Planetary Data System (PDS) maintains archives of data collected by
NASA missions that explore our solar system. The PDS Cartography and
Imaging Sciences Node (Imaging Node) provides access to millions of
images of planets, moons, and other bodies. Given the large and
continually growing volume of data, there is a need for tools that
enable users to quickly search for images of interest. Each image
archived at the PDS Imaging Node is described by a rich set of
searchable metadata properties, such as the time it was collected and
the instrument used. However, users often wish to search on the content
of the image to find those images most relevant to their scientific
investigation or individual curiosity.

To enable the content-based search of the large image archives, we
utilized machine learning techniques to create convolution neural
network (CNN) classification models. The initial CNN classification
results for rover missions (i.e., Mars Science Laboratory and Mars
Exploration Rover) and orbiter missions (i.e., Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter, Cassini, and Galileo) were deployed at the PDS Image Atlas
(https://pds-imaging.jpl.nasa.gov/search) in 2017. With the
content-based search capability, users of the PDS Image Atlas can search
using a list of pre-defined classes and quickly find relevant images.
For example, users can search “Impact ejecta” and find the images
containing impact ejecta from the archive of the Mars Reconnaissance
Orbiter mission.

All of the CNN classification models were trained using the transfer
learning approach, in which we adapted a CNN model pretrained on Earth
images to classify planetary images. Over the past several years, we
employed the following three techniques to improve the efficiency of
collecting labeled data sets, the accuracy of the models, and the
interpretability of the classification results:

·      First, we used the marginal-probability based active learning
(MP-AL) algorithm to improve the efficiency of collecting labeled data
sets.

·      Second, we used the classifier chain and ensemble approaches to
improve the accuracy of the classification results.

·      Third, we incorporated the prototypical part network (ProtoPNet)
architecture to improve the interpretability of the classification
results.
Cross-Attractor Transformations: A Novel Machine Learning Framework to Minimize Forecast Error in the Presence of Model Bias
Authors: Agarwal Niraj , Amrhein Daniel E. , Grooms Ian
Published: January 2023

Imperfect models are often used for forecasting and state estimation of
complex dynamical systems, typically by mapping a reference initial
state into model phase space, making a forecast, and then mapping back
to the reference space. In many cases these mappings are implicit, and
forecast errors thus reflect a combination of model forecast errors and
mapping errors. Techniques to infer parameterizations and parameters to
reduce model bias have been the subject of intense scrutiny; however, we
lack a general framework for discovering optimal mappings between system
and model attractors. Here we propose a novel Machine Learning paradigm
for inferring cross-attractor transformations (CATs) that minimize
forecast error. CATs are pairs of transformations from the phase space
of a reference system to the phase space of a model and vice versa that
serve as a bridge between the attractors of a true system and an
imperfect model. A computationally efficient analog approximation to
tangent linear and adjoint models is developed to enable efficient
stochastic gradient descent algorithms to train CAT parameters. Neural
networks constructed with a custom analog-adjoint layer permit
specification of affine transformations as well as more general
nonlinear transformations.
Canine Urinary Incontinence successfully treated by Homeopathic Medicine: A Real-world Clinical Evidence Panel Study
Authors: TJ Farrington
Published: January 2023

Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) in pets is among a group of social problems, which often leads to discomfort to the pets along with distress and financial problems to the owner. It is among the causes of requests from owners for euthanasia of their pets. The current treatments available for UI include drugs and surgery, both of which have limited efficacy, while still entailing high economic and safety concerns. Methods and Findings: This study reports the safety and effectiveness of the homeopathic medicine ‘Leaks No More’ in UI. The study reported 16 neutered dogs in an older age group with a mean age of 11.15±4.40 years and percentile of max; 64.51±19.99) with heavy body weight (44.5±37.3 lb; percentile of 109.1 ± 63.8). Most dogs were females (n=12; 75%). The median dose rate was 2 drops (range 1-6) and was given to 6 (37.5%) animals through water, to 8 (50%) animals with food and to 2 (12.5%) animals by oral administration. In all, 3 (18.75%) animals were given the medicine once a day, 5 (33.33%) were dosed twice a day and 1 (6.25%) was dosed thrice a day. All 16 animals demonstrated improvement. The median time to improvement was 3 [1 - 6.25] days with a relapse reported by 2 (12.5%) owners. This relapse may be a proving of the homeopathic medicine due to excess repetition after relief of symptoms. As the sample showed significant variety, agreement analysis (Cohen’s Kappa) was performed among the demographics and results from each breed viz. Mixed, Greyhound, Doberman, and Shih Tzu. The agreement analysis demonstrated inter-record agreement in most cases (Effect size = 0.71, p=0.12). Conclusion: In conclusion, the proof of concept established evidence of safety and efficacy of the homeopathic medicine 'Leaks No More', with statistics demonstrating the unbiasedness, impartiality, and reliability of the data, despite a small and high-variation sample
Gradual Growth of Several Claw Traits and Claw Lesions in Dairy Cows after Hoof Trimming
Authors: Constantin Găvan
Published: January 2023

Several claw measurements, horn growth and wear were recorded monthly in a research farm to investigate the effect of solid concrete floor and gradual growth of these traits over 3 month after trimming. Two methods of hoof trimming were used: Standard Dutch (STD) and hollow (HOL). The experimental cows (19 primiparous and 19 multiparous) were selected (8 primiparous and 11 multiparous cows for STD and 9 primiparous and 10 multiparous cows for HOL). Information on claw traits was recorded on right lateral hind claw between November 2021 and April 2022. In addition, lesions development of interdigital dermatitis and heel erosion (IDHE) and digital dermatitis (DD) was studied in both rear feet. No differences were detected in claw traits among the trimming methods. A gradual growth of all claw traits investigated, was detected in each month (1, 2 and 3) after trimming. Lesions of IDHE developed gradually over time in both trimming methods. Development of different stages of DD was investigated 3 months after trimming methods. Classical ulcerative lesions (stage M2). Persisted in each month after trimming and did not cure effectively after caw trimming and frequent use of footbaths.
Is SiPOERT an Innovative Learning? Implementation and Identification of Students’ Conception on Simple Harmonic Motion
Authors: Nurhasanah Nurhasanah , Samsudin Achmad , Linuwih Suharto , Sutrisno Asep Dedy
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this research is to identify students’ conception of simple harmonic motion by implemen-ting SiPOERT (Simulation in Predict Observe Explain with Refutational Text). The research method used is mixed methods with an embedded mixed methods research design. The research instrument used consis-ted of diagnostic test questions in the format of four-tier Simple Harmonic Motion, Refutational Texts Student Worksheets, and learning implementation observation sheets. The sample in this study consisted of 32 students in XI class in one of the public high schools in Central Java. The analysis of this study uses delta M, the implementation of learning is shown in the form of a percentage, and the change in conception is analyzed based on the results of the pre-test and post-test. The results showed that students' misconcep-tions decreased by 16.4% from the pretest of 65.9% to 49.5% in the post-test. There was a change in the level of conception, by 42% in the Accepted Change (AC) category, 41% in the Not Change (NC) category, and 17% in the Unaccepted Change (UC) category.
Burnout and Job Satisfaction Among Islamic Religious Knowledge Teachers in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Zakaria Gamal Abdul Nasir , Mahalle Salwa , Abdullah Nor Zaiham Midawati , Ghozali Muhamad Afifuddin , Nuramalia Maryam
Published: January 2023

This study aimed to identify the level of burnout (emotional desolation, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment) and job satisfaction (job type, salary, promotion opportunities, supervisory, and collea-gues) among teachers of religious education in Brunei Darussalam (referred to as IRK teachers in this study). This study involved 238 teachers who are teaching the Islamic Revealed Knowledge (IRK) subject in all the government secondary schools in Brunei Darussalam. Instruments used for data collection, namely the Mas-lach Burnout Inventory and the Job Descriptive Index (JDI). In this study, results showed that the level of burnout of the IRK teachers is at a moderate level which gives an indication that most of them were able to control their emotions although their career as teachers is very challenging and tiring. Another factor that could contribute to this phenomenon is that the level of job satisfaction among the teachers is high, especi-ally in the aspect of promotion and colleagues. Hence, colleagues at the workplace could affect the teachers’ burnout level because they see their colleagues as supportive and continuously give them strong moral sup-port. Not only is human-to-human support needed to positively handle the burnout level, but it also needs institunionalized programs to improve the general climate and relatiop with the colleagues.
The Role of Instructional Design in Improving Pre-Service and In-Service Teacher’s Mathematics Learning Sets Skills: A Systematic Literature Review in Indonesian Context
Authors: Ishartono Naufal , Razak Rafiza binti Abdul , Halili Siti Hajar binti , Ningtyas Yoga Dwi Windy Kusuma , Tonra Wilda Syam , Kholid Muhammad Noor , Waluyo Mohamad , Djamilah Soraya
Published: January 2023

Several previous researchers have tried to review the results of previous research related to the development of learning tools using a systematic literature review (SLR) model. However, SLR research efforts that examine the development of learning tools carried out by Indonesian in-service and pre-service mathematics teachers are still limited. Therefore, this study seeks to answer two questions, namely (1) what is the mathematics learning sets developed by the Indonesian ISTs and PSTs, and (2) What instructional design model is used by the Indonesian ISTs and PSTs in developing mathematics learning sets. As many as 55 articles were selected using the PRISMA protocol by retrieving articles from the ERIC and Dimensions databases. The findings of the two questions are that the ADDIE model is the most widely used model by Indonesian PSTs and ISTs in developing learning sets. In addition, mathematics learning media and mathematics student worksheets are the most developed tools by authors. This study also examines several instructional designs and types of mathematics learning sets developed by researchers, which can undoubtedly be a refer-ence for subsequent researchers in developing mathematics learning sets.
Determinants of Indonesia’s Coffee Commodity with Trading Partner Countries
Authors: Apriani Deassy , Marissa Feny , Gustriani Gustriani , Sinta Harta
Published: January 2023

This study measures the Intra Industry Trade Index / Rubel Lloyd Index of Indonesia’s coffee commodities with trading partner countries (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Philippines) and estimates factors the influence of Intra Industry Trade of Indonesia’s coffee commodities. The presented data is obtained from secondary data with the research period from 2000 to 2019 using panel data analysis to know the extent influence of the independent variables (average GDP, GDP value differences per capita, exchange rates and distance) on the dependent variable (Intra-Industry Trade). Based on the estimation results, it can be concluded that the integration degree of intra-industry trade for Indonesian coffee commodities with trading partner countries has varying degrees. This indicates that there is a dependence on the coffee commodity trade. The availability of coffee commodities in these countries is highly dependent on intra-industry exports and imports value between Indonesia and its trading partner countries.
The Determinants of Food Consumption Expenditure in Central Java
Authors: Nurjati Eka
Published: January 2023

Food consumption is a basic human necessity that should be fulfilled. Although the investment level tends to increase in Central Java, the open unemployment rate also tends to increase. It is worrying that this condition will affect the society prosperity reflected by food security status. This research aims to analyze the consumption expenditure development in Central Java, identify the food consumption expenditure determinants, and formulate the food consumption fulfillment strategies. This research has quantitative characteristics by using the secondary data of Statistical Central Bureau. The research result shows the consumption expenditure proportion between food and non-food is nearly similar and tends to increase each year. The determinants, which affect the food consumption expenditure positively and significantly, are the non-food consumption expenditure, the gross domestic regional product (GDRP) of constant price, and the poverty rate. The food consumption fulfillment strategies in Central Java are directed by sustainability schemes covering economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The implementations are to strengthen the food security dimensions, the society income enhancement, the value chain optimization, the adoption of technology and knowledge, and the local food resources utilization.
The Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators on Indonesia’s Foreign Exchange Reserve Position
Authors: Rahmawati Surya , Suriani Suriani
Published: January 2023

A country’s foreign exchange reserves are its foreign currency savings that can be utilized to finance international transactions. The purpose of this study is to determine how macroeconomic indicators (exports, imports, exchange rates, inflation rates, and foreign debt) influence Indonesia’s foreign currency reserves. The researchers used secondary data in the form of monthly time series, as well as quantitative analysis using multiple linear regression. The model that was used was the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). According to the research, future exports and external debt have a positive impact on Indonesia’s foreign exchange reserves. Indonesia’s foreign exchange reserves are negatively impacted by imports and predicted inflation rates, whereas the rupiah exchange rate has no effect. In the model, there is a short-run to long-run equilibrium relationship. The IRF results show that shocks from other independent variables have little effect on foreign exchange reserves and that the foreign exchange reserves variable contributes the most to the shocks that occur
Technical Inefficiency in Nine Clusters of Indonesian Manufacturing Firms And its Determinants: Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Authors: Astanto Theresya Jeini , Suyanto Suyanto - , Santoso Henrycus Winarto , Salim Ruhul
Published: January 2023

The current study examines the technical inefficiency of Indonesian manufacturing firms and its key determinants. Extending the previous research that mainly focuses on firms in a specific industry, the current study groups firms into nine industrial clusters and estimates them separately to find a variety of results among the clusters. The stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method is applied to estimate the inefficiency score and the key determinants of 5,848 firms for five years (29,240 total observations). Data period ended in 2014 due to the substantial change in the classification code of the manufacturing industry in the survey by the Indonesian Central Board of Statistics. Five notable findings are recorded. First, the average efficiency score of all observed firms is 0.8815. Second, firm size is found to have a negative effect on inefficiency in the sample of all firms and three out of nine clusters (ISIC 34, ISIC 35, and ISIC 37). Third, foreign ownership generates a negative contribution to firms’ technical inefficiency in both the sample of all firms and the sample of each nine industrial clusters. Fourth, export orientation has various effects on firms across nine industrial clusters, with a dominant significant negative impact in paper and paper product industry (ISIC 34) and metal product industry (ISIC 38). Finally, import intensity provides a significant negative impact on firms in most industrial clusters. These findings support the argument on the importance of absorption capacity and unique firm characteristics in analyzing the impact of key determinants of technical inefficiency.
Selection of Non-Thermal Technology for Honey Pasteurization Machine Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Dani , Herdiman Lobes , Rochman Taufiq
Published: January 2023

Abstract.  Honey is a natural food product from a sweet viscous substance formed from flower nectar by honey bees. Honey processing using the pasteurization method has limitations, one of which is temperature. As a result, fungi and spores present in honey have not been eliminated. Non-thermal technology (NTT) is a solution to this limitation, because NTT is a process that applies little or no heat, with the aim of food receiving microbial inactivation, and can extend life, maintain physical quality, nutrition, and sensory freshness. NTT is commonly used in industry, namely in High-Pressure Processing (HPP), Pulsed Electric Field (PEF), Pulsed Light, Cold Plasma (CL), and Ultra Sound (US). Adjustment to the characteristics of honey is the reason for choosing non-thermal technology. The selection was carried out using the MCDM method, which integrates AHP-TOPSIS. The result is PEF being the selected NTT with a relative closeness of 0.773.
Green Supply Chain Management Performance Measurement in Palembang Rubber Industry
Authors: Rosyidah Masayu , Putri Anindita Rahmalia
Published: January 2023

Rubber is one of the non oil-gas product from South Sumatera. However, several companies in this sector are not yet concerned with environmental aspects. Most companies have a profit-oriented goal regardless of environmental aspects especially waste management. The environmental aspect has not been integrated into the supply chain in practice so that its implementation has not been effective. Green supply chain management is a way to integrate it. Applications of green supply chain management in companies could help to minimize the impact of environmental pollution. However GSCM performance measurement has not been widely carried out in the rubber processing industry, especially those located in South Sumatra. So the aim of this research is to analyze the performance of GSCM using the green SCOR model. The results showed that the value of GSCM performance in PT. Sunan Rubber Palembang is categorized as average with a value of 64.03.
Experimental Ergonomic Approach in Analysis of Student Mental Workload in Using Learning Management System
Authors: Pratama Aiza Yudha , Yamani Achmad Zaki , Marier Syauqie Muhammad , Nurchasanah Nurchasanah , Safa'at Muhammad Alim
Published: January 2023

Student interactions with the devices and software used can result in excessive mental workload, which of course also has an impact on decreasing productivity and work functions and indirectly harms student health, as well as student interactions in using the Learning Management System (LMS). Which is expected to continue to be utilized and developed to achieve greater convenience and profit, LMS is expected to continue to be developed and utilized optimally. This study is intended to analyze the mental workload felt by students in the learning process through LMS. An experimental ergonomics approach is used in this study by applying the modified NASA-TLX method. The results of the research experiment show that students feel a high mental workload when using the assignment module, quiz module, and forum module on the LMS, these modules produce a high mental workload due to cognitive difficulty, instruction complexity, and work habits.
Optimization of Vehicle Routing Problem Using Particle Swarm Optimization: A Case Study Watering Plants in Yogyakarta City
Authors: Andriyansah Riski , Linarti Utaminingsih
Published: January 2023

Dinas Lingkungan Hidup (DLH) Yogyakarta City always tries to monitor, control, and control activities regarding all aspects of the environment, one of which is watering plants. The right path must be selected so as not to exceed the time limit set. This study aims to determine the direction of watering plants in Sector 3 for Vehicle Route Problem (VRP) using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and compare the performance results of the PSO method with the Genetic Algorithm (GA) in previous studies. The VRP criteria are heterogeneous fleet, intermediated facility, multi-trip, split delivery, and times window   (VRPHFIFMTSDTW). The results of the comparison between the two methods, namely, the GA method, are better than the PSO method in terms of computational time efficiency and fitness value. The total travel time for the GA method is 22 minutes, or 2.1% faster than the PSO method. In contrast, the total distance traveled by the PSO method is 345 meters shorter than the GA method. These two methods' results are also excellent compared to the current watering route. The difference in total mileage is about 20.4%, and total travel time is about 11.7% between the two methods.
PERILAKU VERBAL WANITA JAWA DALAM INTERAKSI SOSIAL DI PASAR TRADISIONAL DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Zamzani . , Musfiroh Tadkiroatun , Prihadi .
Published: January 2023

Abstract
KRITIK SOSIAL KUNTOWIJOYO DALAM NOVEL WASRIPIN DAN SATINAH: tINJAUAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA
Authors: Handayani Yuni Attin
Published: January 2023

Abstract
AMERICAN ENSLAVEMENT AS SEEN IN NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF FREDERICK DOUGLAS & IN THE INTERESTING NARRATIVE OF THE LIFE OF OLAUDAH EQUIAO
Authors: Suparman Suparman
Published: January 2023

Mimetic approach is used in this study to reveal the practice of slavery depicted in two novels "narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas" and "The Interesting Narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiao". The findings show that novels have common ground that is the practice of the slavery of blacks Africans by the whites in America. In some aspects, the slaveholders treated their slave inhumanly, savagely, and brutally. The slaves were really treated like animals in the ways of providing them food, shelter. clothes, and dispensation of rest. They were forbiden to learn of how to write and read. They were forced to work hard without having enough rest. However, when they got wage, they had to give it to their masters. Female slaves were whipped and tortured savagely, and their children were tortured to death. These are the examples of the brutality of the slaveholders.Key words: slavery, slaveholders, slaves, inhumanity, discrimination, and oppression
READING COLONIZATION IN CONRAD'S TRANS-RACIAL LOVE PLOTS
Authors: Lilyana Sandra
Published: January 2023

The study is about a close look at Conrad's trans-racial romance related to the Victorian period. Trans-racial love between white men and non-white women becomes a popular theme in the early works of Josep Conrad, a famous writer of the late Victorian period. Using a closely technical reading in the three of Conrad's works Lord Jim, Almayer's Folly, and An Outcast of the Island, we can show that such a trans-racial romance is not merely meant for appreciating equivalence. In turn, the trans-racial romance of Conrad's can be understood as the reflection of the Western colonization on the East where the white men take a role as subjects who had dominately explored while the non-white women as objects who are passively being explored.Key words: colonization, race, romance plot, subject, object, and dominance
PERBANDINGAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA SISWA SMA BERPOLA ASUH OTORITER DAN DEMOKRATIS ANTARA YANG DIAJAR DENGAN MODEL SQ3R DAN PQRST
Authors: Sholeh Khabib
Published: January 2023

Coventional technique of reading is commonly used by Senior Hugh School Students that this may due to their low interest and achievement in reading. However, there are more effective reading-techniques such as SQ3R and PQRST and also another factor influencing students'achievement, family-learning way model. The study presents a comparison between reading ability for Seniro High School students using authoritative and democratic way, being taught by using SQ3R and PQRST models. It is an experimental study using students of SMA N 5 Purworejo by factorial design. For the experiment, we selected two classes consisting of the class X-1 as the first experiment group while the class X-2 as the second one. Based on family-learning way model, each group of experiment is devided into two sub-groups, the one getting authoritative while the other getting democratic treatment. The result shows that (1) reading ability of Senior High School students using authoritative family-learning who are taught using SQ3R model, is better than those being taught by using PQRST; (2) reading ability of Senior High School students using democratic way who are taught by using PQRST model, is better than those being taught by using SQ3R; and (3) there is interaction between reading technique using family-learning way model and the students' achievement. In short, technique of reading using family-learning way model has influenced students' achievement of reading.Key words: achievement, family-learning model, authoritative, SQ3R, and PQRST
THE USE OF DEIXIS IN GLADIATOR MOVIE MANUSCRIPT
Authors: Hasanah Chuswatul , Laila Malikatul , Prasetyarini Aryati
Published: January 2023

This study is about the forms and references of deixis udes in "Gladiator" movie manuscript. The data, movie discourse are taken from observation and documentation using techniques of reading, indentifying, and noting. The data source is "Gladiator" movie manuscript. To identify the forms of deixis, the writer udes the theory of deixis in Discourse Analysis while to clarifying the references of deixis, the writer used the theory of meaning focusing on both semantic and pragmatic meaning. The result of study shows that the forms of deixis are person deixis, place dixis, time deixis, discourse deixis, and social deixis. Person dixis consists of first person, second person, and thrid person singular and plural. It is also distinguished based on its function in the sentence as subject and object personal pronoun, subject in possesive personal pronoun, object ini possesive personal pronoun and reflexive personal pronoun. The reference of deixis bades on semantic meaning refers to lexical meaning while based on pragmatic meaning refers to the meaning covered in the discourse, such as referring to the interlocutors, the war, the time process during the war, and the social relationship among the participants in the war. Key words: deixis, deictic, proximal, and distal
UNGKAPAN ETNIS PETANI JAWA DI DESA JAPANAN, KECAMATAN CAWAS, KABUPATEN KLATEN: KAJIAN ETNOLINGUISTIK
Authors: Dwi Haryanti , Wahyudi Agus Budi
Published: January 2023

The study aims at describing ethnic expressions and their intention of Javanesefarmers at Japanan district based on their social and cultural context. It uses descriptivequalitative research and the data are analyzed by Spreadly’s ethnographicanalysis. The analysis tries to describe the linguistic units and their intension basedon the social and cultural contexts. The findings show that the ethnic expressionsconsist of words and phrases. Those expression are used in all steps of agriculturalactivities done by the farmers, for examples, pranatamangsa ‘months’, mangsa udan‘wet season’, macul ‘to hoe’, mangsa sada ‘the eleventh month’, gawe pinihan ‘cultivationof seedlings’, mangsa kanem ‘the sixth month’, ketiga ‘dry season’, luku andgaru ‘plows’, ngrabuk ‘to fertilize’, matun ‘to clear away the weeds in the farms’,mangsa panen ‘harvest moon’, dewi sri ‘rice’, den bagus ‘rats’, methik/guwakan ‘misticor ritual ceremony before harvesting time’, sedhekah bumi/bersih desa/rasulan ‘misticceremony after harvesting with wayang kulit show entitled sri boyong, sri mulih, or srisadana.
PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA MULTIKULTURAL DI SEKOLAH: APLIKASI NOVEL BURUNG-BURUNG RANTAU
Authors: Al-Ma'ruf Ali Imron
Published: January 2023

The learning of multiculturalism opens ones’ fundamental reality in society. Thisarticle aims to describe the learning of multicultural literature at school with applyingto novel “Burung-burung Rantau” (BbR), a work of Y.B. Mangunwijaya inSemiotics analysis. Indonesian multicultural literature is expected from the processof ‘Indonesianisation’ from many good cultural expressions of local colour, nation,and global-universal. With enthusiasm of posmodernisme, multicultural literaturecan pierce religion limit, culture, class, ethnic, and nation. Novel BbR expressesbrainchild multicultural past event of tissue and actors: Anggi, Neti, Bowo, andCandra. Brainchild multiculture in BbR among others covers: (1) the born of generationpost-Indonesia in educations values of multiculture, (2) the present generationthat flies freely to every where even to the foreign state or to their own world,(3) the escape from the tradition ties and local cultures even from their nationalculture so they have freedom in creativity, (4) the melting of local and nationalculture, west and east, (5) education values of multicultural pierce in ethnic limits,religion, nationality, class, and gender. Learning of multicultural literatures leadsto harmony with cultures of social transformation existences and life value changesto global culture. For that case, immediate literature teachers are needed to realizethe multicultural paradigms.
ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN MAKASSAR: TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS
Authors: Kamal Sirajuddin
Published: January 2023

Teachers are one of the most important parts in the discourse of education andthe process of teaching and learning in schools. It was this that interested the writerto research their perceptions of English language teaching for primary students.The respondents are five participants from different primary schools in Makassar.They were asked to comment on their beliefs in terms of the materials used in theclassrooms, the aims of teaching English for primary students, their problems inrelation to professional knowledge, classroom practices and context (school andcommunity), and their way to resolve many problems. The responses are groupedinto four major categories in terms of the aims of the research and examined toexplore similarities and differences. The result showed that when the materials areabout familiar topics and are presented through songs, games, and pictures, in theclassroom they result in positive student attitude and increase interest and motivationin learning English. Participants feel that the main aim of teaching English foryoung students is to provide them with as much vocabulary as possible before theymove on to higher education. Finally, some constraints of the program are alsofound in the classroom practices.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS SURAT LAMARAN PEKERJAAN MELALUI METODE TEAM GAME TOURNAMENT (TGT) PADA SISWA KELAS XII IS 3 SMA KRISTEN 1 SURAKARTA
Authors: Putro Ely Prihmono  Suwarso
Published: January 2023

This research aimed at this class action research : (1) for description of stages;steps of applying of method TGT in course of study surat lamaran pekerjaan (2)for description the effectiveness of applying of method TGT to write surat lamaranpekerjaan of student of class of XII IS 3 SMA Kristen 1 Surakarta. Research procedurefollow the stages; steps of research of class action which relate of proposal ofResearch of Class Action (PTK) released by Dikti covering four step. Fourth stepof according to the Dikti (1) planning, (2) execution, (3) monitoring, and (4) refleksi.The outcome of the research was as follows: (1) effective method TGT enoughutilized in study write surat lamaran pekerjaan; (2) effective method TGT enoughto increase ability write surat lamaran pekerjaan; (3) effective to method TGTenough improve the student participation in study write surat lamaran pekerjaan;(4) effective to method TGT enough improve the motivation and student enthusiasmin study write surat lamaran pekerjaan.
DIMENSI SUFISTIK DANARTO DALAM CERPEN “O, JIWA YANG EDAN”: TINJAUAN SEMIOTIK
Authors: Nugraheni Sekar , Al-Ma'ruf Ali Imron , Sufanti Main
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this research is to describe the dimension of sufistic in of shortstory “O, Jiwa yang Edan” masterpieces of Danarto with semiotic evaluation. Theresult of the sufistic dimension in a short story “O, Jiwa yang Edan” is on thetasawuf, terminology, understanding and hierarchy in tasawuf. At tasawuf hierarchythere are four steps which much be passed by that: (1) syari’at, (2) tarikat, (3)hakikat, and (4) makrifat. In the short story of “O, Jiwa yang Edan” the four stepsstarted from the tarikat described by leaving of enjoyment world. While the hakikatdescribed that any creature will go home to the God. Makrifat is if someone becometo recognize the reality of Allah. The understanding of tasawuf used by theauthor of short story is wahdatul syuhud.
POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN JAVANESE INDIRECT OFFER USED BY PROSTITUTES IN SURABAYA
Authors: Megah Suswanto Ismadi
Published: January 2023

Politeness becomes important in speech when what is about to be said has the potential to threaten the Hearer’s face. Often in communication it is necessary to say something that would threaten the other person’s face. In other words, Face Threatening Acts (FTA) are committed when the speech behavior is going to po- tentially fail to meet the Hearer’s positive or negative face needs. Doing FTA is a normal speech behavior and is not seen as a problem in itself. The problem arises when the FTA fails to be executed appropriately in order to mitigate potential problems that could result from doing the FTA. Prostitutes are considered as marginalized people, and then women as sub group tend to speak more politely. There are many subordinate groups which have their own set of communication rules, apart from the universal rules. There are different levels of required polite- ness and different ways of being polite, but all people have the need to be appreci- ated and protected, which Brown and Levinson call face needs. This study found interesting features in the way the subjects manipulate and manage their interac- tions in order to get their intended message across employed six positive and seven negative politeness strategies. Key words: FTA, Indirectness, Positive and Negative politeness.
MIXED SPEECH OF AN EARLY BILINGUAL CHILD: A CASE STUDY ON JAVANESE-INDONESIAN BILINGUALISM
Authors: Fauziati Endang
Published: January 2023

The present study is concerned with mixed languages in the speech of a bilin- gual child, in Indonesian and Javanese. It is a cross-sectional study. The data of this study are in the form of sentences containing mixed languages. There are 50 sentences used as the data that are collected through observation and note taking. The collected data are then analyzed using descriptive method. The data analysis has revealed that the child’s speech does contain elements from both languages: Indonesian and Javanese. The language mixing occurs at mostly all linguistic lev- els. The syntax, the morphology, and lexicon are formed or taken from both lan- guages. The analysis also reveals that the child is still at the initial level of a bilin- gual. He has one lexical system with words from both languages. He also uses a mixed syntactical system. Both are evidence that he is a simultaneous bilingual, a bilingual from the start. Such language mixing is so common among normal bilinguals. A child who grows up simultaneously learning two or more languages usually goes through such a phase. This also makes possible that the child has been exposed to a mixed language input. Key Words: Bilingual children, language mixing, mixed languages.
OPTIMIZING GROUP PRESENTATION TASK THROUGH PARTICIPATORY EVALUATION
Authors: Ratih Koesoemo
Published: January 2023

Teaching large classes often produces a lot of problems. One of the efforts to minimize the problems is by empowering the students in the learning process. One of the teaching techniques that can empower learners is a group work presentation task. Hence, the objective of this paper is to share a discussion that can be used to optimize the application of a group work presentation task. To get the optimal result, an action research is conducted. Two cycles are applied. The data are taken by observing the learning process when an action is applied, by interviewing the learners involved and by discussing the results with the collaborators. The research shows that group work presentation task can work well when participatory evalu- ation is applied. Key word: Group Presentation Task, Participatory Evaluation, and cycle.
ORAL ENGLISH PROFICIENCY: OBSTACLES AND SOLUTION FOR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS ON MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
Authors: Muamaroh Muamaroh
Published: January 2023

The objectives of this study are to describe the obstacles in oral English proficiency and to describe the ways in overcoming the obstacles. The respondents wereuniversity students of English Department of Teacher Training and Education ofMuhammadiyah University of Surakarta Indonesia. The samples consist of 31 malestudents and 42 female students. The instruments used to collect were questionnaire, in depth interview and class observation. This study used qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that obstacles that came from cognitive factors were the lack of vocabularies, grammar mastery, and pronunciation problems. From affective factors were anxiety, fear, shame, and lack of confidence. The obstacles in speaking English came from the students’ negative perception that speaking English was difficult, and the students’ laziness, they rarely practiced speaking English and the environment was not conducive. The solutions to solve the problems in practicing speaking English, for male and female students were improving vocabularies regularly, practicing speaking English independently, listening Western songs, watching English movies, practicing speaking English with each other or foreigners, reading English novels, English newspapers or English magazines, taking English course, and writing diary. The findings contribute to an understanding of obstacles and solutions of male and female students in speaking English in Indonesian context.Keywords: oral English proficiency, obstacle.
THE EXPERIENCER ROLE IN GERMAN AND INDONESIANS SENTENCES
Authors: Widodo Pratomo
Published: January 2023

This article is based on a study about the experiencer’s role in the German andIndonesian sentences. This study deals with: (a) the kind of verbs which require theexperiencer role constituent, (b) the realization of experiencer role in the syntacticfunctions , and (c) the differences and similarities of the syntactic and semantic behavior between German and Indonesian sentences which consist experiencer roleconstituent.Keywords: experience role, syntactic functions
DOWNTONERS IN JOURNALISTIC ARTICLES
Authors: Djatmika Djatmika
Published: January 2023

The paper discusses the exploitation of euphemistic expressions in printed mediato soften words or phrases considered to be vulgar or profane or negative. Severaltexts from The Jakarta Post were taken as the data source and all expressions in suchtexts downtoning the other negative ones were taken as the data for the analysis.The results show that the softening expressions in the forms of euphemistic expressions are created through two types of process, namely semantic shift and metaphorical transfer. Meanwhile, the motive behind the usage of the expressions is only one, i.e. because of the fear of causing psychic pain to the other participant(s). Having seen the types of and the motive behind of the euphemistic expressions exploited in journalistic articles, the writer as well as the readers of such texts can expectedly understand the message accommodated by the texts easily.Keywords: downtoner, euphemism, expressions, journalism, texts.
THE EFFECTS OF ERROR TREATMENT ON INTERLANGUAGE OF INDONESIAN LEARNERS LEARNING ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Fauziati Endang
Published: January 2023

Interlanguage errors always exist in foreign language learning. They become thesource for studying the system of the learners’ interlanguage (IL). Han (2004) reviews hundreds of IL studies and concludes that there are two competing views can be identified. One view suggests that error treatment (ET) has unconvinced value in classroom second language acquisition or SLA (Krashen 1982). Adults do not require constant correction in useful ways; thus, the role of the teacher is to provide comprehensible inputs for the learners to move to the next stage of IL. ET has little value in SLA because IL is fossilized (Mukkatash 1987; Thep-Ackrapong 1990). This view corresponds with Patkowsky (1980), and Johnson and Newport (1989) who believe fossilization is due to CP. The opposite view comes from White (1991), Spada and Lightbown (1993), and Muranoi (2000) who believe that that ET is very important in foreign language (FL) learning. Learners can take a lot of benefits from ET as they can develop their IL system to a higher level of accuracy. This view corresponds with Scovel (1988), White and Genesee (1996), and Bialystok (1997) who deny the existence of CP in SLA; CP may applicable for the acquisition of phonology but not for syntax. Thus, grammar is learnable at any age. This study investigates the effects of a short-term error treatment (ET) on IL errors, with specific attention to the learners’ ungrammatical items. The problem states “what are the effects of a ET on the learners’ ungrammatical items?” Are their ungrammatical items fossilized (in a sense that they are static in nature) or dynamic after the learners have been exposed to the ET? The data were the learners’ free compositions collected four times: prior and after the ET and twomonths afterwards. They were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The result indicates that the ET changed the state of the learners’ ungrammatical items. They became so dynamic. At a certain period, some appeared; then due to the ET, some were destabilized, some were fluctuating, and others were still stabilized. New errors appeared as they started learning to use new grammatical items. The conclusion drawn from this study is that ET can change the state of the learners’ IL errors; ET contributes to the destabilization process. Errors may persist momentarily but they can be destabilized. The ET still works on the learners who are at their post puberty. Thus, there is a great possibility for the learners to acquire complete TL grammar since their ungrammatical items are dynamic.Keywords: error treatment, interlanguage, fossilization, stabilization, destabilization.
ADAPTASI LINGUISTIK BAHASA LUAR TERHADAP TRADISI LISAN (MANTRA) MASYARAKAT BAJO: SEBUAH TRANSFORMASI BUDAYA TERTUTUP KE BUDAYA TERBUKA
Authors: Syarifuddin Syarifuddin
Published: January 2023

Mantra majik nelayan Bajo di Sumbawa berkaitan dengan budaya-budaya lain.Adaptasi linguistiklah yang menekankan penyatuan dan perbedaan sekalipun dalam bentuk kata. Oleh karenanya, hal ini menunjukkan budaya Bajo berubah. Perubahan budaya merupakan suatu pergeseran dari budaya terbuka ke budaya tertutup yang dapat diperlihatkan dari tempat tinggal di laut dan di darat; sehingga sistem pengembara dapat hidup saling berdampingan dengan etnis lain di Nusantara.Kata Kunci: mantra kajik, adaptasi bahasa, transformasi budaya.
THE ROLE OF TRANSLATION SKILL IN DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ POTENCY: A CASE STUDY IN ENGLISH DEPARTENT, MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA
Authors: Sutopo Anam
Published: January 2023

The study of translation concerns with meaning and transferring the messagefrom source language to target language. Translation is also regarded as a science,a skill and an art. This study aims at identifying the role of translation skill fordeveloping the English department students’ potency. This study applies a qualitative research. It takes location in Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Thesources of data are informant, event and document. The collected data are takenfrom an open-questionnaire, in depth interviewing, observation and content analysis. To analyze the collected data, the writer uses an interactive analysis. The resultof the research shows that there are five roles of translation skill for developingEnglish department students’ potency. They are academic, practical, commercial,psychological, and social roles.Keywords: translation, skill, and english department students