bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTS OF YOUTUBE IN ESP CLASSES
Authors: Bekteshi Edita
Published: December 2021

Teaching English as a global language is widely popular now. As such, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is also needed in every field of study. In ESP teaching, different teaching aids are definitely needed: students´ books, teachers´ books, power point presentations, internet videos, or even specific magazines, journals, or newspapers that present interesting topics that fit to the specific field. This variety of teaching aids definitely easeslearning difficulties,such as anxiety to learn, uninteresting class, boredom, or demotivation to learn.Cahyani (2013),Peterová, N (2017), point out that the use of ICT in classes is a requirement as it makes teaching more attractive and more successful learning. Based on the upper named researchers, this study describes English language learning with media, i.e. the use of YouTube videos about Engineering English in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) classes, as a complementary teaching/learning tool. It reviews research on learning English, specifically Engineering vocabulary and English language fluency. Speaking, that is speaking fluently in ESP, (Engineering English, in our case) is one of language skills that needs more practice, less anxiety, more confidence and more positive approach to English learning. In order to support the students to be able to English language speak fluently, the ESP teacher is compelled to be creative in making the ESP class more interesting. And this could be achieved by creating interesting teaching/learning material that would make the students explore and enhance their English learning abilities. This modern teaching tool is distinguished by the students of engineering as appealing, amusing and spontaneous cognitive capability. Engineering students´ responses are examined and the study comes up with the conclusion that the features available in ICT, i.e. YouTube videos, make the teachers and students able to listen, understand, take notes, and later present topics what they have just watched and listened, or they can present new ideas, even come up with new assignments and issues concerning engineering in simple and interesting ways. The application of ICT in ESP classes make the students able to understand, illustrate and use new engineering vocabulary, interact with other engineering students. Finally, pedagogical implications are offered for ESP teachers, by integrating YouTube videos about Engineering in order to improve and enhance specific learning, i. e Engineering vocabulary and its fluency.
STUDY TOUR IN THE PROCESS OF ACTIVE LEARNING
Authors: Borisova Rositsa
Published: December 2021

This report considers the essence of a study tour as a strategy for active learning. The increasingly evolving consumer society, as well as the depolarization and deideologization of student education in the 21st century, are leading to spiritual deficits that can be filled up spontaneously by undervalued values. There is also the worrying phenomenon that students are reading less and less as a result of which their motivation for learning is greatly reduced.The modern school is tasked with engaging students in well-motivated and intensive study work that encourages them to engage in independent cognitive activity. Active learning is a process that involves different methods, techniques and forms for solving learning tasks in order to improve the quality of learning. Using them provokes interest in students, awakens a desire for active participation in an activity, as a result of which they gain experience, based on specific knowledge and practical activity. Active learning is a two-way process that combines, on the one hand, the active actions of the teacher aimed at the perception of objects by students and, on the other, the active participation of students in this process. The teacher with his story and explanations helps the students to perceive the object observed.The professional competences of the teacher determine the effective selection of methods and techniques that guarantee the successful conduct of the excursion.The article classifies the types of excursions on different bases. The methodology and technique of conducting a study tour are described. A variant technology for conducting a study tour has been developed; The stages are separated; the methods, forms and methods used are indicated.During the excursion, students gain knowledge through active learning under natural conditions. The phenomena are perceived in their entirety, which helps to build students' perceptions in an attractive way.Through the study tour, it influences the emotional sphere of the individual and promotes a wide variety of impressions. The study tour becomes the basis for further work in the classroom by collecting extensive material.It has a beneficial effect on the aesthetic upbringing of students and their social skills.The study tour creates favorable conditions for the successful application of the acquired knowledge in practice. This interactive form of learning facilitates the expression of cross-curricular relationships.
TOURISM AND STUDENT EXCURSIONS AS A PART OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Authors: Kitanov Vladimir , Kitanova Irena , Ristova Cvetanka , Angelkova Petkova Tanja
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses the importance of student travel in the work of modern school.The school outings and excursions program has an irreplaceable role and place in the extracurricular educational activities, because in addition to rest, relaxation, recreation and entertainment, they represent an opportunity to meet one's desires and needs for acquaintance, information, and knowledge acquisition. other people, social communities, cultures and environments, to establish contacts, dialogue and cooperation on an equal basis and to promote mutual understanding and cooperation. Traveling, first and foremost, gains direct personal experience. the information and knowledge acquired in the school are reviewed and applied.Tourism is a synthesis of mutual encounters / contacts between tourists and elements of nature, social and cultural environment, during tourist trips and stays. Meetings with nature, other people, cultural and historical treasure offer great opportunity for comprehensive personality development.Educational institutions should create programs according to the principle: Travel to learn-to-learn to travel.
MODERN AND PRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES ENGLISH TEACHERS CAN USE TO MAKE READING MORE ENJOYABLE FOR THE STUDENTS WHO DISLIKE READING
Authors: Bojadjievska Marija
Published: December 2021

Reading is undoubtedly one of the biggest challenges English teachers face. Whether they are native teachers working in an English-speaking country, or non-native ones, a great number of them are constantly struggling to get students to read a few paragraphs, when they barely have the patience to watch a ten-minute clip on what they should be reading. With the student having the possibility to access the Internet and find a great deal of information on the literature they are assigned to work on, they no longer feel the need to pick up a book and make the effort of finding it out for themselves. Students nowadays refuse to engage in reading for many reasons. Some of them find reading too time consuming and opt for the “good-old-copy-and-paste” approach when they come across relevant information on literary web pages. Others lean on the information they gather from film adaptations, even if they know it differs greatly from the one they can find reading the original books; and others are petrified of having to read a piece of literature which had been written in a language or style they have difficulties understanding. While it is true that each student is different, most of them have one opinion in common when it comes to reading – it is just not worth it! Most of the time, all they care about is receiving a passing grade, and in order for them to get one, all they have to do is skim through the summary section at Sparknotes. When doing so, they produce a “satisfactory” answer to a complex and more demanding question and simplify a segment the author had spent a great deal of time and energy to compose. However, if students look at reading with resentment, it does not mean that teachers should exclude them from participating in the classroom activities and direct their full attention to those few students who beam at the thought of literature. On the contrary, no matter how challenging the task, it is our job as educators to instil motivation and interest and engage uninterested students to participate in the classroom reading activities without them feeling pressurized. In the first part of this paper there will be mentioned several reasons why students refrain from the reading activities as well as some of the reasons why reading is so essential for their intellectual and personal development. Lastly, as the main purpose of this paper, we will look at some of the most effective strategies that could surprisingly have most of the students in the classroom, if not all, discover the excitement of reading. This will be done by selecting some of the strategies that had already been used in the classroom and which have proven to be successful.
THE ROLE OF CONTEMPORARY MEDIA IN THE TEACHING OF THE ART
Authors: Ilić Vojislav , Stojanović-Đorđević Tamara , Šikl-Erski Andrijana
Published: December 2021

We are witnessing that Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have a huge impact on the functioning of the world. This explains why the tools they provide play such an important role in the educational process, their use opens up numerous opportunities and perspectives in education. Today, aware of the inevitability of digital technologies in the functioning of the world, and of the benefits they bring, we try to use them as meaningfully as possible in education.In the visual arts, ICT technologies provide various opportunities for exploring multicultural and multi-technological content. The social tendencies of the 21st century set new criteria for the modern man - creativity, flexibility and innovation, which also requires the development of educational systems in accordance with these new, changing conditions. In the context of contemporary teaching and the education process in the field of art, new technologies certainly deserve special attention as a medium and a means that enables students to apply them to innovative forms of communication, research, learning and creative expression in the field of visual arts. Today's media bring flexibility, speed, accessibility, interchangeability of digital data and this is what makes contemporary media essential in the teaching of fine arts. The basis of modern media used in the teaching of fine arts are personal computers supported by internet connection, with specific software and various input-output devices. With the use of contemporary media in a specialized classroom for the teaching of fine arts, one can speak of an increase in the choice of teaching, an increase in the choice of means of learning and expression, and finally, an increase in individualization in teaching.In the twenty-first century classroom, the teaching of fine arts is increasingly influenced by external influences, so that the classroom is a place for students to learn, explore, do and evaluate works of art. The wealth of information offered through the use of information technology is multiplied by many over the traditional media. The basis of modern media used in the specialized classroom for the teaching of fine arts are computers supported by internet connection, with specific software and various input-output devices.
PEDAGOGICAL VIEWPOINTS OF JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU
Authors: Rakaj Bashkim
Published: December 2021

Jean- Jacques Rousseau is one of the most prominent French Pedagogues, who had a tremendous influence that he considered that his influence was extremely great in the French Bourgeois Revolution. He is considered one of the most significant Personages in the history of education, including industrial and practical Art education (Pannabecker, R. John, 1995). He was especially familiar with the natural idea, where the education of children was based on nature; he made a request to go back to nature. Rousseau had dealt with various topics of education, including physical, intellectual, moral and job education. Rousseau, was of the opinion that children should be educated and fed by the Mother rather than the Nurse, and by the age of 2 the main focus should be on their physical education. He considered that by the age of twelve, there is no need for proper intellectual education, according to him this should begin after this age. Rousseau had a different view of men for the education of women, and according to him, girls should be educated to create families, caring for husband and children, and doing housework. Rousseau was against physical punishments, but he was for the natural punishment towards children. Rousseau, very importantly considered the moral education of children, but according to him, this education should begin when the child is mature and is able to understand the moral concepts According to Rousseau, the reason solely teaches us to know good and evil, our conscience, which makes us love one another and hate the other one, it is regardless from the reason but cannot grow strongly without its assistance (Rousseau, J, J.1889 ).
A Study on the Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Cu2-xse Thin Films Deposited by Thermal Evaporation
Authors: TERLEMEZOĞLU Makbule
Published: December 2021

In this work, the influence of post-annealing on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of copper selenide thin films deposited on glass substrate by thermal evaporation was investigated in detail. The post-annealing process at different ambient temperatures in a nitrogen atmosphere was applied to thin films deposited at room temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the presence of cubic Cu2-xSe phase, and it was observed that the crystallinity improves with increasing annealing temperature. In addition, it was deduced that the average crystallite size increased with the annealing temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to investigate the surface morphology of thin films. It was seen that all samples have compact and densely packed surface morphology and grains on the surface become larger. Surface roughness increased from 11nm to 53 nm as the annealing temperature increased. On the other hand, the optical properties of as-deposited and annealed thin films were investigated by utilizing a UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The direct bandgap energies of as-deposited and annealed samples were estimated to be 2.34 eV, 2.31 eV, and 2.29 eV by using the well-known Tauc relation, respectively. The direct bandgap energy of thin films was also calculated using the derivative spectroscopy technique.
2-(karbazol-3’-il)-5-formilpiridin: Floresans Biyotiyol Sensör Özelliğinin İncelenmesi
Authors: BATTAL Ahmet , ALTINÖLÇEK Nuray
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada 2-(karbazol-3’-il)-5-formilpiridin molekülü floresans prob olarak biyotiyol (sistein, homosistein ve glutatyon) moleküllerinin tayin ve tespitinde kullanıldı. Probun bu biyotiyollere karşı duyarlılık ve seçiciliği UV-vis ve PL spektrometreleri ile incelendi. Prob, 1:9 DMSO:HEPES Tampon çözeltisi (0.1 M, pH:7.4) içerisinde biyotiyoller arasından sisteine karşı 60 eşdeğerde emisyon artışı ile seçicilik gösterdi. Ayrıca prob ile biyotiyoller arasında oluşan yeni yapı 1H NMR ve MS spektrometreleri ile de takip edilerek teyit edildi.
Özçelik, S. Dede Korkut -Günbed Yazması- Kazan Bey Oğuznamesi (Giriş-İnceleme-Notlar-Metin-Dil İçi Çeviri-Dizinler), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, 2021, ss. 348. ISBN: 978-975-17-4900-0
Authors: UÇAR Erdem
Published: December 2021

Özçelik, S. Dede Korkut -Günbed Yazması- Kazan Bey Oğuznamesi (Giriş-İnceleme-Notlar-Metin-Dil İçi Çeviri-Dizinler), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, 2021.
Dede Korkut’un Yeni Kolaj Tarzı Yazması Hocali Molla’nın mıdır?
Authors: YILDIRIM Dursun
Published: December 2021

A new manuscript has emerged that has been collected in the collage style of Qorqut Ata narratives. Who does this new collage manuscript belong to? This article will focus on the main problems such as the features of the new manuscript text and the text editing, and the views and determinations in the previous manuscripts and publications will be discussed and reviewed. In this article, besides the textual features of the new manuscript, the paper and ink features on which it was written, the type of paper and the possibility of where it might have been produced will be discussed. In addition, the identity of the person who classified the collage and text of this manuscript will be tried to be clarified in the article. It will be tried to find an answer to all these questions that we have briefly mentioned here, and to clarify the identity of the person who collected the new “Qorqut Ata/Dädä Qorqut” text in the collage style.
Dede Korkut Kitabı’nın Dresden Yazmasında Geçen “Boy(u)n[ıy]ıla Kulag[ın] Almak” Deyimi Üzerine
Authors: UZUNTAŞ Hülya
Published: December 2021

The Book of Dede Qorqut is a corpus of epic stories that provide information about the language, history, administrative and social lifes, battles, beliefs, traditions and many more like that of the Oghuz people who have a nomadic lifestyle. Among the existing manuscripts, the most intense in terms of content is the Dresden manuscript, which contains an introduction and twelve stories. Various studies have been made on the content or the vocabulary of the manuscript. It is seen that idioms with stereotyped phrases are frequently used in the manuscript, which is a very rich resource in terms of vocabulary. In this study, the phrase boy(u)n[ıy]ıla qulaγ[ın] almaq in the second story of the Dresden manuscript with the title Salur Qazanuñ ėvi yaġmalanduġı boy[ı beyān ėder] will be explained with reference to the parallel examples and witnesses existing in the historical texts of Turkish.
Additional Turkic and Tungusic Borrowings into Yukaghir VI
Authors: PİİSPAANEN Peter
Published: December 2021

In this sixth part of this paper series, additional Turkic (i.e. Yakut) and Tungusic (i.e. Ewen or Ewenki) lexical borrowings into the Yukaghir languages and dialects are presented and evaluated in semantic, phonological and other considerations and viewpoints, thus providing loanword etymologies. In summary, a total of fourteen Yakut borrowings, four Tungusic and three Russian borrowings are given. An extra section of interest deals in the etymologizing of up until now quite mysteriously named Yukaghir child and youth games, and lastly some etymological notes and documentation corrections are again given.
Dağlık Altay Yazıtlarından Kuray I (A 4) Üzerinde Yeni Bir Okuma ve Anlamlandırma
Authors: AYDIN Erhan
Published: December 2021

Old Turkic Inscriptions with Turkic runic letters are located on various places of Central and Inner Asia. Texts in Turkic runic letters located on the Altai Republic, a state of the Russian Federation called Altai Republic Inscriptions and their quantity is above a hundred today. In this article, a new reading and interpretation has been made on the text in Turkic runic letters beneath number four, the Kuray I Vessel of the Altai Republic Inscription. On the inscription, presence of a saying stating that drinking, therefore being drunk will cause illnesses was presented to the attention. In the article, evaluations has been made about the words and grammatical structures on the inscription after the “previous readings and interpretations” and “a new reading and interpretation” parts. It was touched upon that one of the drawings beneath the Vessel could be the mark of the dynastic tribe of the Uyghur Khanate, Yaglakar.
Eski Türklerden Günümüze Altay Şamanizminde Çök/Sök Ayini
Authors: OKUTAN DAVLETOV Nükhet , DAVLETOV Timur
Published: December 2021

The word čök which has only been found in Tepsey VI, Tuba II and one inscription from Adrianov’s collection, and has been interpreted differently by Turcologists such as Malov, Kyzlasov, Klyashtorny, Erdal, Orkun, Barutcu-Özönder and Aydın. In this study, the word čök identified in the Turkic runic texts of Siberia, and the associated ritual of libation have been evaluated as an ancient and common element in the Shamanism of Altaic peoples for the first time in Turcology. For this reason, traces of the concept have been searched in Tungus-Manchu, Korean and Mongolian as well as Turkic languages belonging to the Altaic language family. It has been emphasized that this word, which was recorded in different forms among Turkic and Mongolic peoples, can be an old and common Altaic word. In this way, the existence of Shamanism among the ancient Turks living in the Yenisei region has been exemplified with this word, and it’s been seen that this concept has been preserved until the 21st century in societies speaking Turkic, Mongolic and Manchu-Tungusic languages and perpetuating traditional Shamanism. And results of this research have been presented to the service of Turcology.
Sharing Knowledge melalui Sosialisasi Pengelolaan Sampah Plastik di Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Fathun Laode Muhamad
Published: December 2021

Paper ini menulsikan tentang pengelolaan sampah plastic di Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara studi kasus di Kabupaten Muna dan Buton. Kegiatan ini berbentuk sharing knowledge penulis Bersama mitra Komunitas Diplomasi Kota Indonesia pada tahun 2020 -2021. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode observasi, sosialisasi dan wawancara dalam membangun mindset masyarakat. Penulis menemukan bahwa kegiatan pengelolaan sampah plastic di Muna dan Buton sudah maksimal. Hal ini dilakukan karean masyarakat menjunjung tinggi nilai moralitas sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab social. Nilai kebudayaan sebagai fondasi masyaraakat dalam menjaga laut. Artinya penulis dalam sharng knowledge hanya mengkonfirmasi aktifitas masyarakat dan sedikit memberi pengetahuan kepada masyaraakat. Masyarakat sudah sangat paham dalam menjaga laut sebagai bagian dari identitas, branding, representasi ketangguhan. Laut adalah media leluhur maysrakat yang harus dilestarikan sebagai bentuk apresiasi. Karena laut menjadi sumber ekonomi masyarakat setempat. Sehingga, jika dirusak alamnya maka akan merusak ekonomi masyarakat sekitar. Sosialisasi dan sharing knowledge berjalan efektif karena masyarakat tidak perlu dibekali banyak dalam menjaga laut. Pengalaman kebudayaan dan prinsip moral menuntun  mereka agar bisa menjadikan laut sebagai asset masa depan. Laut adalah cara manusia berhubungan dengan alam, sumber daya alam.
Penyuluhan, Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Pembuatan Pestisida Nabati Daun Pepaya di Desa Sumber Ketempah
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Sutrisno Andri
Published: December 2021

Hasil pertanian dari tahun ke tahun terus mengalami penurunan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi penurunan hasil pertanian yaitu keberadaan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT) sehingga diperlukan tindakan pengendalian. Pengendalian secara kimiawi merupakan salah satu pengendalian OPT yang paling banyak dilakukan oleh petani. Namun banyak dampak negatif dari penggunaan pestisida kimia baik bagi lingkungan mapun kesehatan manusia. harga pestisida kimia yang relatif mahal menambah masalah bagi petani terutama pada saat pandemi Covid-19. Pestisida nabati dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengendalian OPT dimasa pandemi Covid-19 karena selain murah juga aman bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penyuluhan, pelatihan dan pendampingan dengan sampel yang digunakan yaitu pemuda-pemudi desa Sumber Ketempah. Tujuan pelaksanaan kegiatan ini untuk menjadikan pertanian desa Sumber Ketempah lebih baik, mandiri, dan berkelanjutan. Hasil dari pelaksanaan program kerja yaitu pestisida nabati daun pepaya sebanyak 1 liter dan diaplikasikan pada tanaman tembakau dengan dosis 10 ml/l untuk mengendalikan hama ulat grayak.
Pendampingan Wirausaha Jamu Seduh Tradisional melalui Diversifikasi Produk dan Pemasaran Digital
Authors: Zahroh Kavita Faizatus
Published: December 2021

Sektor ekonomi tidak kalah terpuruknya dari sector Kesehatan dalam hal dampak pandemi Covid – 19. Pemberlakuan social distancing, Pembatasan Sosial BerskalaBesar (PSBB), hingga Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) dengan berbagai regulasi semakin membuat ekonomi masyarakat terpuruk. Salah satu regulasi yang terbaru adalah pembatasan jam operasional usaha. Salah satu wirausahawan yang terdampak adalah Ibu Sunarsih, wirausaha Jamu Seduh Tradisional. Hal ini terjadi karena menurunnya pemasukan akibat pembatasan jam operasional. Toko konvensional yang awalnya buka mulai pukul 16.00 hingga 22.00 harus tutup kurang dari pukul 20.00. Menurunnya pemasukan, juga sangat berdampak bagi eknomi masyarakat, selain karena kebutuhan pokok yang tidak menurun, juga terdapat factor lain yang mendasarinya, seperti, biaya kesehatan agar tubuh tidak mudah terserang penyakit dimasa pandemi. Oleh karena itu, pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk membantu Ibu Sunarsih untuk memberikan inovasi pada usahanya agar tetap dapat bertahan di masa pandemi ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengabdian ini adalah pendampingan yang berisi pelatihan-pelatihan mengenai diversifikasi produk dan pemasaran digital. Setelah dilakukan pengabdian ini, pemasukan Ibu Sunarsih meningkat berkat adaya penambahan produk buatan Ibu Sunarsih sendiri, usaha memiliki media sosial yang masih berkembang sebagai media pemasaran digital selain pemasaran konvensional di toko, serta Ibu Sunarsih dapat mengetahui cara menentukan harga produk.
MATHEMATICAL ISSUES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARITHMETIC FOR ANALYZE STUDENTS' METACOGNITION AND CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS
Authors: Tohir Mohammad , Muhasshanah Muhasshanah
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to analyze the level of students' metacognition skills and creative thinking in the generalization of a two-dimensional arithmetic sequence. A qualitative descriptive is a scientific approach used in this study. Students' of the Mathematics Education Study Program in Tarbiyah Faculty of Ibrahimy University are subjects in the study. Through this article, the author will describe the results of the research in the combinatorics course. The initial data was collected by assigning open problem-solving assignments to students and conducting documentation studies on students in generating arithmetic generalization patterns based on function formulae. Then, students are assigned to complete the second task, which is to compile a two-dimensional arithmetic sequence based on the multilevel function formula of arranged arithmetic. The analysis model of Miles and Huberman is the analytical methodology used in this study. The collected data indicated that the level of students’ creative thinking skills in combinatorics could be in the category of creative enough (16.67%), creative (50%), and very creative (33.33%). While the other analyzed data showed that the student’s level of metacognitive on level 3 (77.78%) and the remainder on level 4 (22.22%). These analysis results are influenced by several factors such as accuracy in compiling numbers and expanding data, conceptual mastery of arithmetic progression permutation concept, and its application, the tendency of students’ to rely on memorization and imitation of the examples.
Studi Komparasi Perancangan Balok Struktural Berdasarkan SNI 2847-2002, SNI 2847-2013 Dan SNI 2847-2019
Authors: Prasetya Noerman Adi , Hernadi Ahmad , Nugroho Agung
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the difference in structural beam design using SNI 2847-2002, SNI 2847-2013 and SNI 2847-2019 by comparing the bending and shear reinforcement in the case study of the Faculty of Health Sciences Building, University of Borneo Tarakan. The results of the comparisons include: the maximum reinforcement ratio at SNI 2847-2013 and 2019 is around 16,667% smaller than SNI 2847-2002, the flexural capacity of the beam design results from SNI 2847-2013 and 2019 increases by about 12.5% compared to SNI 2847-2002, The shear capacity of concrete (Vc) designed with SNI 2847-2013 and 2019 increased by about 2% compared to SNI 2847-2002, as well as the design shear capacity of the accumulated concrete and shear reinforcement designed by SNI 2847-2013 and 2019 increased no more than 1% compared to SNI 2847-2002.
Analisis Biaya Pemeliharaan Bangunan Gedung Dengan Konsep Green building Dan Bangunan Gedung Dengan Konsep Non Green building
Authors: Apriani Rika , Ari Angreni Ida Ayu
Published: December 2021

The concept of green building must also consider the cost of building maintenance in the post-construction stage so as not to reduce the large company costs each year. Green building is defined as a high-performance building that is made environmentally friendly, economically beneficial and healthy for life and workplace. This study intends to analyze the cost of building maintenance using the concept of green building non-green building. The data used in this study is the data on the maintenance costs of green buildings and non-green buildings. This data was taken by surveying the building management directly. Based on the analysis, the difference in the cost of maintaining green buildings and non-green buildings is Rp 10,283.22/m2/year. Based on the calculation, the maintenance costs of green building and non-green building still conform the standards of the Minister of Public Works Regulation and the standard of the Minister of Finance Regulation.
Екзистенційні виміри чорнобильської катастрофи у свідченнях перших ліквідаторів
Authors: Lytovchenko Vіktor
Published: December 2021

Актуальність обраної теми статті зумовлена відсутністю належного наукового дискурсу в контексті особистісних переживань рядових ліквідаторів аварії на Чорнобильській атомній електростанції. Полеміка науковців Радянського Союзу зосередила свої зусилля передусім на причинах та наслідках техногенної катастрофи, тоді як питання конституювання цінності людського життя, особистих сумнівів та переживань, світоглядних позицій ліквідаторів в умовах невідворотної та невидимої небезпеки оминалися в наукових публікаціях, або висвітлювалися поверхово. На основі відкритих джерел (фрагментарних спогадів ліквідаторів аварії) представлені свідчення людського героїзму і легковажності; відвертого нехтування елементарними правилами техніки безпеки і прагнення убезпечитися простими народними методами; крайніх виявів людського егоїзму та альтруїзму. Проблема надзвичайно актуалізується тому, що за руйнівними наслідками небаченої раніше катастрофи українське суспільство, вже вкотре, не спромоглося зрозуміти того, що життя Людини є найбільшою цінністю на Землі. Здійснено аналіз спогадів-переконань ліквідаторів з позиції виявлення екзистенційних маркерів співіснування людського соціуму в умовах радіаційного забруднення. В роботі екзистенція героя-рятівника визначається через концепти «тривоги», «страху», «побуту», «гумору» та інші. Зроблено висновок, що чорнобильська катастрофа відкрила невідомі раніше прояви амбівалентності в житті особистості, стала тестом на нашу громадську зрілість.
Світоглядно-ціннісні виміри локальної політичної свідомості України: до аналізу стратегій поширення і збереження доктрини «русского мира»
Authors: Volkovskyi Volodymyr
Published: December 2021

Стаття аналізує стратегії поширення і збереження доктрини «Русского мира», зосереджуючись на осмисленні патернів локальної політичної свідомості українського суспільства, базових цінностей і світоглядних орієнтацій, що впливають на політично-значущу поведінку індивідів та спільнот в Україні. Автор спирається на філософську методологію, поєднуючи методи аналітичної філософії, феноменології та герменевтики, а також напрацювання досліджень націєтворення і постколоніальних суспільств. Це дозволяє виокремити деякі базові патерни, не претендуючи на виключність чи остаточність висновку. До цих патернів автор відносить атомістичний індивідуалістичний патерналізм, який він ще називається оберненим патерналізмом, пануючі цінності безпеки, виживання, матеріалістично-гедоністичні орієнтації. Це накладається на публічне протистояння двох сакральних космосів або громадянських релігій, проте окрім цих двох сторін протистояння ще виділяється третя найбільш масова ціннісна група. Автор пропонує практичні рекомендації для органів влади та публічного дискурсу.
Характеристика рідкісних видів хадисів та їх важливість для науки хадисознавства
Authors: Abdullaieva Tamila , Gafuri Rustam , Aga Khaisam
Published: December 2021

У сучасному світі близько 1 млрд. людей в азіатських і африканських, частково європейських і американських країнах, які у своєму мисленні та щоденній практиці звертаються до священних текстів про пророка Мухаммада, його Сунни, щоб знайти прийнятні відповіді не тільки на питання побутового характеру, а й вирішити проблеми, що стосуються сфери соціально-політичного розвитку, а також міжнародних відносин. Метою даної статті є дослідження рідкісних видів хадисів шляхом вивчення робіт сучасних та класичних теологів ісламу. Новизна цього дослідження полягає в тому, що в ньому зроблена спроба контекстуального і порівняльного аналізу рідкісних видів хадисів. Наголошено на важливості правильного розуміння виловів, аби не загубитись у системі ієрархії хадисів у цілому. Незнання тонкощів хадисознавства може призвести до непробачливих помилок при тлумаченні хадисів. І, на жаль, у наш вік набули розповсюдження екстремістські секти, які неправильно й оманливо тлумачать хадиси, ілюструючи вищезгадану необізнаність.
HOMEOSTASIS AND COMPENSATION AS LINGUISTIC PHENOMENA (COMPETITION OF ASPECT AND TENSE ON THE EXAMPLE OF SLAVIC LANGUAGES WITH SPECIAL REGARD TO POLISH)
Authors: Pátrovics Péter
Published: December 2021

The present paper deals with two universal linguistic phenomena, homeostasis and compensation. The author examines their function in relation to two categories, aspect and tense in the history of the Slavic languages. It is beyond doubt that one of the most important categories of the Slavic verb is aspect the origin of which may lie in the Proto-Indo-European language. The effects of its emergence as a verbal category were far-reaching and can be well traced in the history of the most Slavic languages. Taking a close look to the linguistic data, it seems quite obvious that the category of tense and aspect were closely related and did interact, creating different patterns in modern Slavic languages. A certain competition between the category of aspect and that of tense can already be observed in Old Slavic and also in Old Russian and Old Polish where tenses like the aorist and the imperfect were becoming increasingly obsolete. The perfect, on the contrary, has gained ground, while the pluperfect has almost completely fallen into disuse. In the further development, the aspectual opposition also extended to the future tenses thereby affecting the entire tense system. This scenario took place everywhere in the East and West Slavic languages with some nuanced differences. Consequently, in the aspect-tense system of the modern East and West Slavic languages the tendency of the category of aspect to prevail over the category of tense together with the gradual decline in the number of tenses seems to be quite clear. The South Slavic languages, however, have taken a slightly different path showing perhaps the most complex picture. Although the Serbian and Croatian languages have preserved the old tenses, their use is rather limited. In terms of their aspectual development, these languages are getting closer and closer to the Eastern and Western Slavic language groups. In contrast, in Bulgarian and Macedonian one can see an intricate interplay of the aspectual system and the developed tense system. In the case of the change of the different Slavic languages, the phenomenon of linguistic compensation can be observed in all cases on the example of aspect and tense categories as the main means of striving to maintain linguistic homeostasis.
Keywords: linguistic homeostasis, compensation, aspect, tense, Old Slavic, Slavic languages, Polish
ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ФОРМУВАЛЬНОГО ОЦІНЮВАННЯ В ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ВЧИТЕЛЯ ГУМАНІТАРНИХ ПРЕДМЕТІВ
Authors: Андрійчук Ольга , Харченко Ганна
Published: December 2021

У статті авторами обґрунтовано важливість готовності вчителів закладів освіти до використання інструментів формувального оцінювання у своїй педагогічній діяльності в умовах інноваційного розвитку освіти України. Аналіз стану підготовки вчителів до використання інструментів формувального оцінювання у вітчизняній та зарубіжній практиці дозволив зробити висновок, що сучасні реалії вимагають реалізації нової моделі освіти, орієнтованої на цілісний розвиток особистості школяра, на виховну мету освітньої діяльності, що зі свого боку забезпечить стійку мотивацію школярів, індивідуалізацію навчального процесу, емоційний комфорт, позитивну взаємодію з навколишнім світом та вдосконалить процес і результат навчання, забезпечить моніторинг навчальних цілей та їх коректив. Авторами проаналізовано принципи, функції та критерії формувального оцінювання в роботі вчителя гуманітарних предметів.

Ключові слова: освіта, освітній процес, професійна підготовка, формувальне оцінювання, критерії формувального оцінювання, інструменти формувального оцінювання
WIRTUALIZACJA KULTURY W PERSPEKTYWIE POSZUKIWAŃ NEORELIGIJNYCH W KONTEKŚCIE WSPÓŁCZESNOŚCI
Authors: Мельничук Максим
Published: December 2021

Artykuł podejmuje problem wirtualizacji kultury w perspektywie badań kulturoznawczych i religijnych. Analizowana jest istota wirtualizacji i cybernizacji jako przejawów współczesnego świata w kontekście kultury religijnej chrześcijaństwa, a w szczególności katolicyzmu, który uległ przeobrażeniom pod naporem modernizacji europejskich tradycji kulturowych w XXI wieku. Należy zauważyć, że nowoczesna humanistyka traktuje współczesną rzeczywistość społeczną jako «społeczeństwo informacyjne», czyli jako kompleksową i wszechstronną komunikację. Proces wirtualizacji dotknął główne instytucje społeczne, a mianowicie instytucję religii, która jest podstawowym przedmiotem naszego badania. Wirtualizacja przestrzeni jest nie mniej istotnym tematem religioznawstwa i kulturoznawstwa, ponieważ kwestia wpływu procesu wirtualizacji na kształtowanie się modernizacji chrześcijaństwa pozostaje problematyczna, mimo praktycznego znaczenia. Ustalono, że istotą tego zjawiska jest przyczynowość modernizacji świata w ogóle, jako wymagania wyzwań współczesnej neokultury.
Słowa kluczowe: wirtualizacja kultury, katolicyzm, cybernizacja, kultura medialna, poświęcenie, internet, sacrum.
THE STAFF OF THE PIDKOMORIOUS COURTS OF THE RIGHT-BANK UKRAINE (1797–1832)
Authors: Андрій Володимирович Шевчук
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the staff of the pidkomorious courts of the Right-bank Ukraine after the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s court tradition was restored by Pavel I. In an effort to centralize the state, strengthen its power and establish order, the ruler went for the restoration of certain elements of the previous judicial system in order to receive support from the regional elites. It is established that the return to the previous staff was declared. However, earlier the szlachta of the povit chose only the pidkomoriy, which held the position for the life term and independently formed the composition of the court, appointing a komornyk, a scrivener, a measurer and diggers, but this time, in Russian reality, the magistrates were the first who were elected for the life term in the noble elections. Soon enough, under the reign of Alexander I according to the “Institutions for the Management of the Provinces” (1775) they were elected for a three-year term. Apart from the pidkomoriy, a komornyk and a voznyi (who were not present in the composition of the court before) were elected as well. The supreme power tried to bring the composition of the noble voters in accordance with the all-Russian laws but due to the specific characteristics of the region they constantly faced problems, in particular, some of the nobles did not have the necessary property, others were not recorded in the noble books etc. One of the main things that influenced the composition of the court was the approval of the positions of a pidkomoriy, a komornyk and a voznyi by the governor. Being on elected positions in the judiciary was a sign of loyalty on the part of the local gentry to the Russian authorities who in turn met legal financial needs of such officials, even at the expense of the treasury as it was with the sequestrated mansions after T. Kosciuszko’s uprising. A great amount of work combined with the control by the Russian authorities led to the loss of the prestige value of the position. Well-off Polish landowners preferred to run their own farming and make a profit of this rather than abandon their mansions and serve the Russian authorities. Some elected officials carried out their official duties negligently, ignoring the orders of the county and provincial authorities, violating the rules of clerical work and refusing to go to the delimitation. After the suppression of the Polish uprising in 1830-1831 pidcomorian courts were abolished and their functions were forwarded to povit courts.
LVIV DURING THE RUSSIAN OCCUPATION OF 1914-1915 IN THE PUBLICATIONS OF POLISH CONTEMPORARIES
Authors: Сергій Васильович Олійник
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the events of World War One. The study of the situation in Lviv in the conditions of Russian occupation covers the period from September 3, 1914 to June 22, 1915, it is based on the materials published by Polish Keywords. The relevance and importance of the information in question is essential for an in-depth research of the issue. The content of publications on the subject of socio-political, socio-economic, and national-cultural aspects of the history of the city and its inhabitants during this period is analyzed.The memoirs and works of the Polish contemporaries are found to contain not only information on the situation of the Polish community in the city, which accounts for the bulk of the researched material, but they also include important data on other ethnic communities. The investigated facts clearly testify to the complexity and sometimes contradictory nature of the policy pursued by the Russian occupation authorities towards the citizens of Lviv. Accordingly, an insight is given into the attitude of the inhabitants of the city to the new administration. Among the former both supporters and opponents of the new "rulers" are documented. The paper reflects the personal thoughts of the authors of the publications. Particular attention is paid to the implementation of the Russification policy in academic circles and document flow by the new authorities, their interference into the spiritual life of the public. The appearance of such phenomena as hostage-taking, flight from persecution, and forced evictions is also investigated. The emphasis is also put on the deterioration of the financial situation of the local civilians and the resulting attempts to remedy it.
THE PROCESS OF CREATING THE NAZI CAMP SYSTEM IN POLAND DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR
Authors: Володимир Васильович Очеретяний  , Інна Іванівна Ніколіна
Published: December 2021

This article analyzes the process of creating the German camp system in Poland. The Nazi racial politics towards the Jews promoted their isolation from the so-called "full part of society".  For this purpose, two main mechanisms for their separation were created: concentration camps, some of which were transformed into "factories of death", and Jewish ghettos. The establishment of concentration camps in Poland was preceded by a long process of organizational and legal registration first in Germany itself, and later on the territories occupied by it.  This process was accompanied by numerous Jewish pogroms and arrests, which was an integral part of the Nazi anti-Semitic policy.  Concentration camps were carefully thought out and well-organized institutions with a refined mechanism of prisoners’ maintenance, coercion and punishment.  Different by their intended purpose were "death camps" that were not intended to hold prisoners, but to destroy them quickly and in large scale.  Most of them were located on the territory of Poland, where the Jews from all over Europe were brought.  These included Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, Auschwitz-Birkenau and Maydanek. It was observed in the article that German concentration camps were created to isolate, repress and destroy the undesirable elements of the regime.  Despite the early formation of this system, its dissemination in the territories occupied by the Nazis, particularly in Poland, took place in 1938-1939s. At that time the German concentration camps turned into an instrument of ruthless anti-Semitic policy that became a classic genocide.  Due to the fact that the concentration camps capacities did not allow to sufficiently fulfill their tasks, during 1939-1945s in Poland, new, so-called "death camps" were established. They were equipped with gas chambers and crematorium that carried out large-scale destruction of the Jews.
POWER AND «OPIUM OF THE PEOPLE»: ANTI-RELIGIOUS AGITATION AND PROPAGANDA IN SOVIET UKRAINE IN 1944–1991
Authors: Антон Олександрович Сичевський
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the implementation mechanism and organizational system of anti-religious agitation and propaganda in Soviet Ukraine. The author recorded a conflict between the republican and all-union centers for religious cults regarding the implementation of religious policies and atheization of the population. It is analyzed how the change in the state leadership of the USSR in 1954 led to a radical reassessment of the ideological struggle with religion as a relic of class formations in the minds of people.It was established that in the 1960s cinematographic works were actively involved in anti-religious propaganda. The actual number of regional commissioners to the Council for Religious Affairs also increased, committees for assistance were set up in all cities and districts of the regions, public councils for the coordination of anti-religious work were organized under the regional committees of the Communist Party of Ukraine. It was found out that within the framework of the atheistic education of society, the Soviet leadership introduced the concept of Soviet «non-religious» holidays and rituals, honoring the leaders of communist labor. The structural formalization of organizations responsible for the introduction of the new Soviet rituals in the 1970s is analyzed.The article describes the employment of the media resource and state publishing houses that published millions of copies of atheistic periodicals and literature for the sake of «eradicating the religious consciousness of the masses» by the party leadership. The reduction of state influence on the affairs of believers since the mid-1960s and the harsh criticism of the liberal course in relation to religion at the All-Union Conference of Commissioners for Religious Affairs in 1972 are analyzed. It is proved that, despite the «Perestroika», the idea of religion as a reactionary ideology and the need to transform the society of mass atheism into a society of general atheism prevailed in atheistic education.The author found out that in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine a discussion on the importance of rethinking the strategy of religious policy to establish a dialogue with churches and guaranteeing believers the possibility of religious freedom began only in 1990.