bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Ti-Ni Based Bulk Metallic Glass Composites
Authors: Zhao Yan Chun , Mao Rui Peng , Ma Wen Long , Xu Cong Yu , Kou Sheng Zhong
Published: June 2017

In this study, (Ti0.5Ni0.5)80Cu20 metallic glass composites sample with 3mm diameter were prepared by levitation suspend melting-water cooled Cu mold process. Microstructure and thermodynamic behavior of the alloy were characterized by XRD, OM and DSC. the potention dynamic polarization curves in artificial seawater were tested by electrochemical workstation in a three-electrode system. The results showed that the as-cast microstructure of the alloy is consist of supercooled austenite phase, thermally-induced martensite phase and amorphous phase. Due to cooling rate, random dense pile of amorphous structure formed in surface of the alloy and supercooled austenite phase formed in interior. Besides, the alloy also presented excellent corrosion-resistance in artificial seawater for its higher corrosion potential (Ecorr) and polarization resistance (Rp), lower corrosion current density (Icorr) compared with Ti-6Al-4V(TC4) alloy.
Numerical Study of the Crack-Front Constraint for SENT Specimens of X80 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Zhong Ting , Zhu Lin , Zhou Yan , Shuai Jian , He Lan
Published: June 2017

This work presents a numerical study of crack-front constraint for SENT specimens of X80 pipeline steel, to examine geometry effect on the correlation of crack-front stress field and constraint. An average measure of constraint over crack-front Am was employed to characterize the crack-front constraint. SENT specimens with varying geometries (different crack depth to specimen width ratio, a/W, and different specimen width and thickness, W/B) were analyzed by Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman model (GTN model). Results showed that the stress triaxiality Am can characterize the crack-front constraint of X80 pipeline steel very well. The level of the Am-△a curve rises with the decrease of crack depth, and increases first and then decreases with the increase of SENT specimen thickness.
Effect of Thermal Aging on Microstructural Evolution in Ferrite of Duplex Stainless Steel in Nuclear Power Plant Applications
Authors: Zhang B. , Xue F. , Li S.L. , Wang Xi Tao , Liang N.N. , Zhao Y.H. , Sha G.
Published: June 2017

Z3CN20-09M duplex steels are thermally aged at 400oC for up to 20,000 h. The mechanical properties have been characterized by Charpy V-notch impact test and nanoindentation test. It is found that the nanohardness in ferrite increases and the impact toughness decreases with aging time. Moreover, the distribution of alloying elements has been carefully characterized using atom probe tomography (APT). The results indicate that the ferrite decomposes into Cr-rich α' and Cr-lean α phase during the thermal aging and Ni-rich G-phase forms in ferrite. The effect of aging time on solute nanostructure has been investigated systematically.
Tribocorrosion Behaviors of D40 Steel in Artificial Seawater
Authors: Shi Liang , Qu Shao Peng , Chen Hai Yan , Yin Yan Sheng , Yang Lijing
Published: June 2017

The friction, corrosion and tribocorrosion experiments were carried out to study the tribocorrosion characteristics of the D40 steel. Friction process was undertaken using a TriboLab. The electrochemical property of D40 steel was studied using an electrochemical workstation. The surface morphologies of the D40 steel after experiments were characterized by white light interferometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results indicated that both the tribocorrosion and corrosion process of D40 steel under the condition of seawater were controlled by the cathodic oxygen diffusion. The diffusion rate of oxygen in the solution was accelerated by the friction. The phenomenon of Cl ion adsorption was more obvious for the D40 steel during tribocorrosion test, and the corrosion resistance was significantly reduced due to the promotion of friction.
Influence of Initial Microstructure on the Hot Working Flow Stress of Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy
Authors: Liu Yun Teng , Zhou Ji Xue , Zhang Di , Lin Tao , Liu Yu , Tian Chang Wen , Yang Yuan Sheng
Published: June 2017

The hot working flow stress of as-cast and two different extruded magnesium alloys AZ31was examined by uniaxial compression tests. It was found that the hot deformation behavior was affected by the deformation conditions and initial microstructure. The peak flow stress was sensitive to deformation temperature and strain rate, and the value was decreased with decreasing the deformation rate or increasing the deformation temperature. The extruded samples, instead of as-cast samples, have better ductility at high strain rate and high temperature. The temperature increment for Mg alloy with different extrusion ratios was also investigated. These key features of the deformation behavior were explained in terms of twinning, dynamic recrystallization and grain rotation.
Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Mg-Sn-Al Wrought Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Huang Zheng Hua , Zhou Nan , Xu Jing , Li Yang De , Li Wei Rong
Published: June 2017

The microstructures, phase constitutions and mechanical properties of as-cast samples, extruded rods and plates of Mg-3.52Sn-3.32Al and Mg-6.54Sn-4.78Al alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and mechanical testing. The results show that as-cast microstructure consists of α-Mg matrix, Mg2Sn and a few dispersed β-Mg17Al12 phases. The two as-cast alloys exhibit good tensile mechanical properties. After hot extrusion, dynamic recrystallization occurs. Average grain size reaches 6 μm ~ 8 μm for rods, and a lot of fine micro-scaled particles exist, resulting in significant enhancement of tensile mechanical properties. The extruded Mg-3.52Sn-3.32Al rod exhibits better comprehensive tensile mechanical property than AZ31B alloy, with tensile strength σb of 295 MPa, yield strength of 200 MPa and elongation of 21.5% at ambient temperature. The extruded Mg-6.54Sn-4.78Al rod exhibits equivalent comprehensive tensile mechanical properties with ZK60 alloy, achieving tensile strength of 355 MPa, yield strength of 275 MPa and elongation of 11% at ambient temperature. The extruded plates at ambient temperature performed a tensile strength of 270 MPa.
LIVER IRON CONTENT (LIC) IN ADULTS WITH NON-TRANSFUSION DEPENDENT SICKLE CELL DISEASE (NT-SCD). CORRELATION WITH SERUM FERRITIN AND LIVER ENZYMES CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: De Sanctis Vincenzo
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, causing damage and dysfunction in multiple organs. The complications of this disease are numerous, affect every organ and/or tissue in the body and vary considerably among patients over the time which challenge its management. Aim of our study: To determine the iron status of 17 patients with NT-SCD patients and 6 patients with TD- SCD using both serum ferritin level (SF ) and Ferriscan® evaluation of liver iron content (LIC) and correlate values of LIC on the one hand with SF levels and some hepatic functions (ALT, AST, ALP and albumin).  Results: 17 adults with NT-SCD (n = 17, age: 32±15 years) were studied.  Seven of NT-SCD had serum ferritin > 500 μg/L, 4 out of the seven had high liver iron measured by FerriScan®  (> 30 mg/kg/ tissue dry weight - DW).  Two patients had high liver iron content despite a concomitant serum ferritin concentration < 500 μg/L.  Two patients had high serum ferritin (1.117 μg/L and 675 μg/L) while their LIC was normal (< 30 mg/kg/DW).  5 patients had elevated ALT and/or AST concentrations. In TD-SCD (n = 6, age = 25 ±11 years), 2 patients had serum ferritin <500 μg/L, one of them had high LIC (127 mg/kg/DW). Liver enzymes were high in two patients.  Serum ferritin concentration was correlated significantly with LIC  (r = 0.85, p < 0.001). Neither serum ferritin level, nor LIC was correlated significantly with hepatic enzyme levels. Conclusions:  A significant number of our patients with ND-SCD had high LIC , high serum ferritin and elevated hepatic enzymes (ALT and AST). Despite some  limitations of our study (small NT-SCD cohort),  these findings have important clinical implications. We recommend  to measure serum ferritin and LIC in NT-SCD patients to apply therapeutic preventive measures with iron chelation therapy in patients with high LIC.
Are we special? A critique of imago Dei
Authors: Bentley Wessel
Published: June 2017

‘Are we special?’ In response to this question, Christian theology has traditionally sought comfort in the notion that humanity is created in the image of God. In light of modern scientificknowledge, is this self-understanding still feasible? Are there different ways in which imago Dei can be understood? Is it possible for imago Dei to be both grounded in its Christian heritage,while also being helpful in the science and religion conversation? This article criticallyexamines the notion of  imago Dei and proposes an interpretation that could be credible andacceptable to both science and Christian anthropology.
Wearable technologies, health and well-being: A case review
Authors: Wortley David , An Ji-Young , Nigg Claudio R.
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Wearable technologies designed to deliver benefits to health and well-being through the use of digital applications are becoming increasingly ubiquitous. This article focuses on the use of wearable technologies which track user lifestyle behaviors and seek to provide tools for better personal health management. It provides an evidence of general positive health outcomes from previous research and provides a detailed analysis of the functionalities and strategic approaches of three different wearable devices which have been used continuously and simultaneously by the lead author for over 18 months. Based on the experience of long-term use of these devices, the article draws some conclusions about their usage and future development strategies.
Point-based visuo-haptic simulation of multi-organ for virtual surgery
Authors: Si Weixin , Heng Pheng-Ann
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Realistically and efficiently simulating dynamic behavior of human organs under interactions is crucial for the immersive user experience of the surgical simulator. Conventional methods are time-consuming to simulate this phenomenon due to topological modifications.

Materials and Methods:

This paper proposes a robust and efficient point-based framework for surgical simulation, allowing realistically simulating mechanical response of human organs under interactions with visual and tactile feedback. Considering the inevitable topological modifications occurred in surgical simulation, we adopt sparse point cloud to model the mechanics of deformable bodies while employ surface mesh to represent morphological details of human organ, which can not only disconnect mechanical complexity from geometrical details, but also enable precise boundary conditions to be solved with surface mesh.

Results:

We validate our method on a variety of challenging surgical scenarios, and the results demonstrate that our method can realistically and efficiently provide the visuo-haptic feedback for surgical simulation.

Conclusions:

Our method can well tackle the inefficiency limitation of mesh-based methods related to topological modifications issue, and has great potential to be adopted in practical surgical simulators.
Economic outcomes from telecardiology services
Authors: Kaladjurdjevic Milica , Antonicelli Roberto
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Owing to the scarcity of health-care financing and the pressure of aging with the associated increased incidence of chronic heart failure, new models of health-care delivery supported by technology solution require a social economic analysis. We aim to assess improvement of Kansas City Living with Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) score with telehome monitoring in elderly patients affected with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) and to estimate a probable cost saving for health-care provider and patient, by calculating a probability to reduce fatal events such as mortality and hospitalization associated with improved health status measured with the KCCQ questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:

An observational quasi-experimental trial was used. Eight patients affected with chronic heart failure aged 85-90 years of age who have been at least three times hospitalized within the last year were recruited for the study. These patients received an educational module to empower their self-management capacity and a medicine kit necessary for telehome monitoring. The KCCQ questionnaire was employed. The KCCQ questionnaire is an independent predictor of health-care resource utilization. The KCCQ score improvement is associated likely with rehospitalization and mortality reduction according to results from previous clinical trial, where KCCQ score has been demonstrated as a strong statistically independent predictor of mortality and rehospitalization after adjustment for other variables.

Results:

The KCCQ score improved for 15 points from baseline measurement, after 6 months of telehome monitoring. The improvement of KCCQ score of 15 points represents a reduction of probability of hospitalization and mortality for 18% and 16%, respectively. In addition, an individual's cost savings were calculated, using the individual's willingness to pay to avoid fatal event, individual's productivity gain by avoiding a travel to remote hospital facilities, and an improved probability of positive event with telehome monitoring.

Conclusion:

Analysis demonstrated a probability for an important economical saving with the use of telehome monitoring for the provider and patient. We can conclude that telehome monitoring represents an innovative service that provides clinical and economical value addition to the patient, health-care system, and society.
Dentition status and treatment needs of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients on anti retro viral therapy in Raichur taluk, Karnataka, India: A cross sectional study
Authors: Muralidharan Shrikanth , Acharya Arunkumar , Margabandhu Shanthi
Published: June 2017

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the dentition status and the treatment needs of the HIV-positive patients on ART for more than a year in Raichur, Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Convenience sampling was followed. The sample size was 170. The dentition status and treatment needs of the patients were recorded as per the WHO guidelines. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries was 79.4%. Males had higher percentage of dental caries than the females, and this was found to be statistically significant. The prevalence of dental caries was higher among the participants who used finger to clean their teeth compared to the toothbrush, neem stick, and charcoal users, and this was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of dental caries was observed among the study population. Most of them required some type of treatment. Patients with a low CD4 count required higher treatments than the others.
Cytotoxic evaluation of a new ceramic-based root canal sealer on human fibroblasts
Authors: Chakar Sandra , Changotade Sylvie , Osta Nada , Khalil Issam
Published: June 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a new bioceramic-based root canal sealer (BioMM) by direct and indirect contact with human fibroblasts and to compare it with a zinc oxide-eugenol sealer, the Pulp Canal Sealer-extended working time (PCS-EWT). Materials and Methods: Cell viability was assessed through direct and indirect contact between human fibroblasts and sealer. Direct contact was performed at 24 h, whereas the indirect contact was performed at 24 and 48 h at different concentrations: 100%, 50%, and 25%. After direct contact, 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used and the optical density was measured by a spectrophotometer. Giemsa stain was also performed for a qualitative evaluation of the cells.Statistical Analysis Used: Shapiro–Wilk test was used to verify the normality of distribution of the variable. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey tests using SPSS for Windows software 18.0. The significance level used was P < 0.05.Results: Direct contact showed a significantly higher cell viability with BioMM as compared to PCS-EWT (P = 0.002). Cell viability at 24 h was significantly higher with BioMM compared to PCS-EWT for the concentrations of 50% (P = 0.004) and 25% (P = 0.003), whereas no significant difference was noted at 100% (P = 0.141). Cell viability at 48 h was significantly higher with BioMM as compared to PCS-EWT at 25% (P = 0.007). No significant difference was observed at 100% (P = 0.484) and 50% (P = 0.185).Conclusion: BioMM may be considered minimally cytotoxic if accidentally extruded into the periapical tissues.
Cone beam computed tomographic evaluation of styloid process: A retrospective study of 1000 patients
Authors: Donmez Merve , Okumus Ozlem , Pekiner Filiz Namdar
Published: June 2017

Objective: The styloid process (SP) is a bony projection, located just anterior to the stylomastoid foramen, the normal length of which is approximately 20–30 mm. The length of SP when exceeds 30 mm it is said to “elongated.” The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of elongated SP (ESP) by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination in Turkish subpopulation and its relation to gender and age. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed CBCT of 1000 patients who were randomly selected to participate and were aged from 14 to 78 years. Any radiograph with questionable SP was excluded from the study. The apparent length and thickness of the SP were measured by two dental and maxillofacial radiologists. The ESP was classified with radiographic appearance-based morphology of elongation. The data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. Results: The mean age of patients was 42.49 ± 14.83 years. The length of SP was measured over 30 mm in 151 patients (15.1%). A total of 151 CBCT showed ESP, of which 87 (57.6%) were noticed in males and 64 (42.4%) in female patients. The length of right-sided SP ranged from 30.05 to 85.49 mm and left-sided SP from 30.14 to 83.72 mm. Conclusion: CBCT is a valuable diagnostic imaging tool which makes accurate length measurements. It is important for the clinicians to be aware of natural variations of the SP whose clinical importance is not well understood.
Основные позитивно замкнутые классы трехзначной логики
Authors: Marchenkov Sergey Seraphimovich , Chernyshev Anatolii Vladimirovich
Published: June 2017

Основными позитивно замкнутыми классами названы пересечения позитивно предполных классов. Доказано, что в трехзначной логике имеется ровно 79 основных позитивно замкнутых классов. Каждый из этих классов охарактеризован в терминах определяющих полугрупп эндоморфизмов.
Предельные распределения экстремальных расстояний до ближайшего соседа
Authors: Zubkov Andrei Mikhailovich , Orlov Oleg Pavlovich
Published: June 2017

Доказаны теоремы о предельных распределениях минимального и максимального расстояний до ближайшего соседа в совокупности случайных независимых точек, имеющих в определенном смысле равномерное распределение на произвольном метрическом пространстве. В качестве примеров таких пространств рассмотрены многомерный тор и двоичный куб.
Development of a Multi-Domain Assessment Tool for Quality Improvement Projects
Authors: Rosenbluth Glenn , Burman Natalie J. , Ranji Sumant R. , Boscardin Christy K.
Published: June 2017

Background 

Improving the quality of health care and education has become a mandate at all levels within the medical profession. While several published quality improvement (QI) assessment tools exist, all have limitations in addressing the range of QI projects undertaken by learners in undergraduate medical education, graduate medical education, and continuing medical education.

Objective 

We developed and validated a tool to assess QI projects with learner engagement across the educational continuum.

Methods 

After reviewing existing tools, we interviewed local faculty who taught QI to understand how learners were engaged and what these faculty wanted in an ideal assessment tool. We then developed a list of competencies associated with QI, established items linked to these competencies, revised the items using an iterative process, and collected validity evidence for the tool.

Results 

The resulting Multi-Domain Assessment of Quality Improvement Projects (MAQIP) rating tool contains 9 items, with criteria that may be completely fulfilled, partially fulfilled, or not fulfilled. Interrater reliability was 0.77. Untrained local faculty were able to use the tool with minimal guidance.

Conclusions 

The MAQIP is a 9-item, user-friendly tool that can be used to assess QI projects at various stages and to provide formative and summative feedback to learners at all levels.
La demanda de profesionistas para el campo mexicano
Authors: Ávila Dorantes José Antonio , Macossay Vallado Mauricio , Mendoza Castillo Hipólito
Published: June 2017

La transformación radical de la política económica para el campo, requiere de profesionales identificados con: la soberanía alimentaria, mejoramiento del nivel de vida de los productores medianos, pequeños y de autoconsumo, así como del aprovechamiento sustentable de los recursos naturales y la conservación del medio ambiente. Se requiere de profesionistas en desarrollo agroforestal (PDA), que teniendo las características anteriores, puedan tener empleo en un futuro próximo. Hacer una prospectiva en México respecto a los escenarios alternativos que podrían encontrar este tipo de profesionales, es el objeto del presente trabajo. Se opta por el método de “planeación por escenarios”, en tanto que es un proceso de creación de narrativas sobre el futuro, con base en factores que puedan afectar la generación de un conjunto particular de amenazas y oportunidades, respecto a los productos y resultados de decisiones ya tomadas, o que se deben de tomar de manera inmediata. Se concluye que las perspectivas para los PDA son alentadoras. Aun cuando el grupo neoconservador regresara al poder, sus posiciones en cuanto a la conservación del ambiente y sus políticas de asistencia a los grupos más necesitados, mantiene abiertas las posibilidades de encontrar nichos de mercado.
Dry versus wet marine particle optical properties: RH dependence of depolarization ratio, backscatter and extinction from multiwavelength lidar measurements during SALTRACE
Authors: Haarig Moritz , Ansmann Albert , Gasteiger Josef , Kandler Konrad , Althausen Dietrich , Baars Holger , Farrell David A.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Three-wavelength lidar observations of the depolarization ratio and the backscatter coefficient of marine aerosol as a function of relative humidity (RH) are presented. The humidity dependence of the extinction coefficient and the shape dependence of the lidar ratio were observed in the UV and visible. The phase transition from spherical sea salt particles to cubic-like sea salt crystals was observed under atmospheric conditions with a polarization lidar. The measurements were performed at Barbados (13° N, 59° W) during the SALTRACE winter campaign in February 2014. The radiosonde and Raman lidar observations show a drop in relative humidity below 50 % in the marine aerosol layer simultaneously with a strong increase in particle linear depolarization ratio. Enhanced depolarization ratios (with systematic uncertainty) up to 0.12 ± 0.08 (at 355 nm), 0.15 ± 0.03 (at 532 nm) and 0.10 ± 0.01 (at 1064 nm) were observed and compared to modeling studies of cubic sea salt particles. Lidar-derived correlations of the backscatter coefficient and the depolarization ratio with the relative humidity are reported with a 5-min time resolution. The scattering enhancement due to hygroscopic growth of the marine aerosol particles under atmospheric conditions was determined. Extinction enhancement factors from 40 % to 80 % RH of 2.05 ± 0.82 at 355 nm, 3.73 ± 0.86 at 532 nm and 5.37 ± 1.25 at 1064 nm were found.
Assessing the usability and potential value of seasonal climate forecasts in land management decisions in the southwest UK: challenges and reflections
Authors: Bruno Soares Marta
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The potential usability and benefits of seasonal climate forecasts (SCF) to help inform decision-making processes is widely accepted. However, the practical use of SCF in Europe is still fairly recent and, as such, current knowledge of the added benefits of SCF in supporting and improving decision-making is limited. This study is based on research conducted to co-develop a semi-operational climate service prototype – the Land Management Tool (LMTool) – with farmers in South West regions of the UK. The value of the SCF provided to the farmers was examined to help us understand the usability and (potential) value of these forecasts in farmers' decisions during the winter months of 2015/2016. The findings from the study point to the need to explore and develop (new) research methods capable of addressing the complexity of the decision-making processes, such as those in the farming sector. The farmers who used the SCF perceived it as useful and usable as it helped them change and adapt their decision-making and thus, avoid unnecessary costs. However, to fully grasp the potential value of using SCF, farmers emphasised the need for the provision of SCF for longer periods of time to allow them to build trust and confidence in the information provided. This paper contributes to ongoing discussions about how to assess the use and value of SCF in decision-making processes in a meaningful and effective way.
Designing a network of critical zone observatories to explore the living skin of the terrestrial Earth
Authors: Brantley Susan L. , McDowell William H. , Dietrich William E. , White Timothy S. , Kumar Praveen , Anderson Suzanne , Chorover Jon , Lohse Kathleen A. , Bales Roger C. , Richter Daniel , Grant Gordon , Gaillardet Jérôme
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The critical zone (CZ), the dynamic living skin of the Earth, extends from the top of the vegetation canopy through the soil and down to fresh bedrock and the bottom of groundwater. All humans live in and depend on the critical zone. This zone has three co-evolving surfaces: the top of the vegetation canopy, the ground surface, and a deep subsurface below which Earth’s materials are unweathered. The US National Science Foundation supported network of nine critical zone observatories has made advances in three broad critical zone research areas. First, monitoring has revealed how natural and anthropogenic inputs at the vegetation canopy and ground surface cause subsurface responses in water, regolith structure, minerals, and biotic activity to considerable depths. This response in turn impacts above-ground biota and climate. Second, drilling and geophysical imaging now reveal how the deep subsurface of the CZ varies across landscapes, which in turn influences above-ground ecosystems. Third, several mechanistic models providing quantitative predictions of the spatial structure of the subsurface of the CZ have been proposed. Many countries now fund networks of critical zone observatories (CZOs) to measure the fluxes of solutes, water, energy, gas, and sediments in the CZ and some relate these observations to the histories of those fluxes recorded in landforms, biota, soils, sediments, and rocks. Each U.S. observatory has succeeded in synthesizing observations across disciplines; providing long-term measurements to compare across sites; testing and developing models; collecting and measuring baseline data for comparison to catastrophic events; stimulating new process-based hypotheses; catalyzing development of new techniques and instrumentation; informing the public about the CZ; mentoring students and teaching about emerging multi-disciplinary CZ science; and discovering new insights about the CZ. Many of these activities can only be accomplished with observatories. Here we review the CZO experiment in the US and identify how such a network could evolve in the future. Specifically, we recognize the need for the network to study network-level questions, expand the environments under investigation, accommodate both hypothesis testing and monitoring, and involve more stakeholders. We propose a hubs-and-campaigns model that promotes study of the CZ as one unit. Only with such integrative efforts will we learn to steward the life-sustaining critical zone now and into the future.
Determining the terrain characteristics related to the surface expression of subsurface water pressurization in permafrost landscapes using susceptibility modelling
Authors: Holloway Jean E. , Rudy Ashley C. A. , Lamoureux Scott F. , Treitz Paul M.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Warming of the Arctic in recent years has led to changes in the active layer and uppermost permafrost. In particular, thick active layer formation results in more frequent thaw of the ice-rich transient layer. This addition of moisture, as well as infiltration from late season precipitation, results in high pore-water pressures (PWPs) at the base of the active layer and can potentially result in landscape degradation. To predict areas that have the potential for subsurface pressurization, we use susceptibility maps generated using a generalized additive model (GAM). As model response variables, we used active layer detachments (ALDs) and mud ejections (MEs), both formed by high PWP conditions at the Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory, Melville Island, Canada. As explanatory variables, we used the terrain characteristics elevation, slope, distance to water, topographic position index (TPI), potential incoming solar radiation (PISR), distance to water, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; ME model only), geology, and topographic wetness index (TWI). ALDs and MEs were accurately modelled in terms of susceptibility to disturbance across the study area. The susceptibility models demonstrate that ALDs are most probable on hill slopes with gradual to steep slopes and relatively low PISR, whereas MEs are associated with higher elevation areas, lower slope angles, and areas relatively far from water. Based on these results, this method identifies areas that may be sensitive to high PWPs and helps improve our understanding of geomorphic sensitivity to permafrost degradation.
Not Just Cause and Effect: Resituating Martha Nussbaum's Defense of Novels as Moral Philosophy in a Hermeneutical Framework
Authors: Van Dyk Tricia
Published: June 2017

This article brings Martha Nussbaum's defense of novels as contributors to moral philosophy into conversation with Lambert Zuidervaart's theories of artistic truth and ethical responsibility in art and society. Nussbaum's defense of novels as moral philosophy emphasizes the integrality of form and content and is founded on her understanding of normativity as immanent and revisable, rather than transcendent and eternal. Her discussion of fiction, however, focuses on the “impact” of reading novels on the individual, which may seem to imply a direct, causal connection between reading and becoming a better person. In contrast, Zuidervaart argues that art, including literature, is thoroughly hermeneutical. This means that a causal model is not capable of successfully framing the relationship between literature and moral philosophy. A thoroughly articulated hermeneutical model for the interaction between fiction and normativity would make Nussbaum's theory more convincing.
ESTUDO DE CASO DA ADEQUAÇÃO DE UMA SERRARIA ÀS NORMAS FSC DE CADEIA DE CUSTÓDIA
Authors: Pereira Luara Castilho , Pelissari Allan Libanio , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Ebling Angelo Augusto
Published: June 2017

A certificação florestal tem se tornado, ao longo dos anos, não apenas uma medida de estratégia organizacional, mas também uma exigência de mercado, como o madeireiro. Como o mercado interno também tem se mostrado exigente em relação a procedência dos produtos que consome, este trabalho objetivou demonstrar as mudanças necessárias para adequar uma serraria aos princípios e normas FSC de Cadeia de Custódia. Analisando as normas e as leis vigentes, notou-se a necessidade da regularização e adequação de muitas atividades da empresa, como a organização de notas, os fatores de conversão, as leis trabalhistas e suas normas regulamentadoras. Após apontar cada mudança a ser efetuada, as dificuldades e as sugestões foram comentadas e uma cartilha de atendimento as normas e leis foi elaborada, visando auxiliar as empresas de pequeno porte a conquistar a certificação FSC de Cadeia de Custódia, indicando os pontos a se atentar. Portanto, observou-se que os benefícios das adequações para auditoria vão além da obtenção do certificado, uma vez que melhorias são conquistadas para a produção, organização e qualidade da empresa. Entretanto, recomenda-se que, antes de iniciar as atividades de adequações, a avaliação das pendências de produção e quaisquer outras, referentes à empresa, deve ser efetuada, a fim de evitar descontinuidade dos procedimentos.
COMPARAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS DE QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE CARBONO EM BRACATINGA (Mimosa scabrella Benth.)
Authors: Martins Ana Paula Marques , Carvalho Renata Reis de , Andrade Clarice De , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto
Published: June 2017

O trabalho teve como objetivo comparar métodos de quantificação de carbono em bracatinga. Foi determinada a biomassa fresca do fuste, galhos, folhas e raízes de 30 árvores provenientes de General Carneiro-PR. A biomassa fresca foi convertida em seca após as análises em laboratório. Os teores de carbono (TC) foram determinados no equipamento LECO C-144. Os estoques individuais de carbono foram obtidos pela multiplicação das biomassas secas pelos respectivos TC. Foram calculados os fatores de expansão de biomassa (FEB) e a Razão de Raízes (R). Os métodos de estimativa de carbono analisados foram: Biomassa do fuste (bf) combinada com FEB, R e teor médio de carbono (TCméd); bf combinada com FEB, R e teor ponderado de carbono (TCpond); e equações alométricas de simples, dupla e tripla entrada. A diferença entre as metodologias foi analisada mediante análise de variância e estatísticas complementares. Obteve-se os valores médios de FEB = 1,59 e R = 0,15, o que significa que 59% da biomassa aérea correspondem à copa e 15% da biomassa total são raízes. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre as médias das metodologias de estimativas de carbono. A equação alométrica 3 foi a que apresentou o melhor desempenho porém, a equação 1, com apenas o dap como variável independente, propiciou resultados muito semelhantes a equação 3. De acordo com as estatísticas complementares, conclui-se que as equações propiciaram os melhores indicadores, seguidas da metodologia que emprega o teor de carbono ponderado, e, por último a que emprega o teor de carbono médio.
MUDANÇAS SOCIOECONÔMICAS E NA GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS APÓS IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE UMA COOPERATIVA DE RECICLAGEM
Authors: Ravanello Bárbara , Maas Greyce
Published: June 2017

Foram analisadas as mudanças socioeconômicas com os antigos catadores e atuais cooperados e as mudanças na coleta e destinação dos resíduos sólidos urbanos após a implementação de uma cooperativa de reciclagem em União da Vitória – PR. Foram entrevistados 70% dos cooperados e analisados os dados da Prefeitura Municipal e da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente referentes à quantificação dos resíduos. O percentual de resíduos coletados encaminhados para usinas de separação de recicláveis aumentou de 2% para 16%. Dos resíduos recicláveis coletados, 71% são enviados para reciclagem e 29% para aterro sanitário. A média per capita de resíduos recicláveis recuperados é de 25,56 kg.hab-1.ano-1, superior à média nacional e da região sul. A cooperativa proporcionou melhoria na qualidade de vida dos cooperados, relacionada a formalização do trabalho, melhoria dos salários, na saúde e segurança, além de influenciar positivamente na satisfação com a atividade desenvolvida.
Cultura Política no Litoral do Paraná
Authors: Lopes Mirian Cristina
Published: June 2017

Neste material debruça-se acerca de aspectos peculiares do Litoral do Paraná, principalmente no que se refere a identificação de uma Cultura política da desconfiança, gerada por uma Cultura Política Elitista mais geral que direta e indiretamente forja realidades marcadas pela desigualdade social, econômica e sociocultural. Região paradisíaca, cercada de Ilhas, Morros, Sambaquis históricos, cachoeiras, gastronomia diversa, entre outras atrações, como por exemplo, a Ilha do Mel que atrai milhões de turistas anualmente, mas que tem em sua sazonalidade realidades encortinadas, saberes silenciados e fortes relações engendradas pelo clientelismo (o uso da máquina pública enquanto moeda de troca de voto e outros tipos de favorecimento).
A escolha dos “ungidos”: nepotismo e carisma a serviço do poder político-religioso pentecostal
Authors: Souza Josué de
Published: June 2017

O presente trabalho é um desdobramento da pesquisa de mestrado: Religião, Poder Político e Desenvolvimento: Uma leitura a partir de um movimento pentecostal no Estado de Santa Catarina/Brasil – IEAD vinculado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional – PPGDR da Universidade Regional de Blumenau - FURB. Durante a pesquisa buscamos investigar práticas e mecanismos de legitimação sociopolítica pentecostal. A metodologia utilizada foi bibliográfica, documental e social. Foram entrevistados onze lideranças políticas e religiosas vinculados a Convenção das Assembleias de Deus de Santa Catarina e do Sul do Oeste do Paraná (CIADESP) e da Convenção Geral das Assembleias de Deus do Brasil (CGADB). Os resultados apontam que a partir dos anos setenta há no interior do campo religioso pentecostal uma transformação doutrinária que altera o perfil sociológico pentecostal de religião de negação do mundo para religião de afirmação do mundo. Outro fenômeno é estratégias e mecanismos políticos de ocupação de espaço na esfera política. O capital religioso é transformado em capital político. A intersecção destes dois fenômenos é uma das chaves de interpretação do crescente protagonismo político e social dos pentecostais no Brasil.  O recorte pretendido no presente trabalho é demonstrar que no campo religioso pentecostal as relações de parentescos incidem no recrutamento e seleção de elites religiosas e políticas.
Sobre política e economia: poder local e a instituição da concorrência junto aos monopólios naturais - o caso da energia elétrica nos municípios paulistas de Botucatu, Dois Córregos e Pederneiras (1925-1967)
Authors: Lima Roberval Francisco de , Souza Jefferson Costa de
Published: June 2017

A inserção do capital internacional na produção e comercialização de energia elétrica no Brasil em 1927, sofreu oposição de elites políticas e econômicas locais. Elaborado a partir de estudos de casos, este trabalho aborda o papel do poder local na instituição da concorrência no âmbito do fornecimento de energia elétrica em três municípios paulistas entre 1925-1967. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar empiricamente o peso e papel das instituições na conformação das regras do jogo; na delimitação do comportamento dos agentes políticos, econômicos e sociais; e delineamento de processos políticos dependentes da trajetória. Neste sentido, a análise de casos onde os processos políticos locais originaram uma antítese ao princípio econômico básico que preconiza a existência de monopólios naturais (ausência de concorrência) para assegurar a oferta dos serviços públicos, além de atender ao objetivo proposto, também estimula o debate sobre o tema no Brasil.
A reorganização das elites diante da desorganização do sistema latifúndio/moradia no Cariri Ocidental da Paraíba
Authors: Araújo Kátia Carina Mesquita Cruz de
Published: June 2017

O presente estudo é parte da pesquisa realizada no Mestrado em Ciências Sociais da UFCG, tendo por objetivo analisar as relações entre a posse da terra e sua função social, econômica e política, estabelecendo relações com o fenômeno da perpetuação do poder local das históricas famílias políticas no Estado da Paraíba, tomando como objeto privilegiado a família Gaudêncio na cidade de Serra Branca/PB. Buscou-se, assim, responder como as famílias políticas tradicionais utilizam-se do capital econômico e das estruturas do latifúndio para processos de arregimentamento eleitoral? Com base nesta questão-problema, e utilizando-me da metodologia qualitativa, entrevista semiestruturada e trabalho de campo, constatou-se que as famílias tradicionais exerceram forte influência no sistema latifundiário-moradia. E que os impactos nesse sistema e modo de vida também alteraram a configuração e as relações de poder na dinâmica da política local.
Eles existem: a participação indígena na política eletiva
Authors: Tavella Adriane dos Santos Ferrari , Vanali Ana Crhistina
Published: June 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a participação dos indígenas na política brasileira desde a década de 1970 até os dias atuais. Para tanto, um banco de dados dos candidatos eleitos foi construído e, com ele, foi possível apresentar um balanço da participação dos indígenas nas eleições, sobretudo da esfera municipal e analisar o perfil dos eleitos a partir de dimensões sociais e econômicas, tais como etnia, idade, estado civil, escolaridade, profissão e filiação partidária. Os resultados marcam uma participação indígena muito baixa se comparada com as outras etnias. Em que pese certa abertura e incentivo no sentido de maior participação dos indígenas na vida política-partidária, essa participação está muito aquém do seu contingente populacional, como nos revelam os dados.
Famílias e classe dominante: aproximações necessárias para compreensão das desigualdades no Brasil
Authors: Monteiro José Marciano
Published: June 2017

Palestra proferida na Mesa Redonda II – Família e classes sociais, realizada dia 18 de maio de 2017 no VIII Seminário Nacional de Sociologia e Política realizado em Curitiba na UFPR.
АДУУНЫ ХАЛДВАРТ ЦУС БАГАДАХ ӨВЧНИЙ ҮҮСГЭГЧИЙГ ИЛРҮҮЛСЭН ДҮНГЭЭС
Authors: Г Түвшинсайхан , С Ундармаа , Г Отгонтуяа , Коннай С , Ч Тунгалаг , Ш Түмэнжаргал
Published: June 2017

Адууны халдварт цус багадах өвчин (АХЦБӨ) нь монгол орны гол мөрний ай сав, ялаа шумуул ихтэй нутгуудын адуунд серологийн тандалтаар илэрч байсан боловч ѳвчний үүсгэгч вирусыг өнөөг хүртэл илрүүлж тодорхойлоогүй байна. Бид монгол орны адуунд АХЦБӨ-ний үүсгэгчийг илрүүлэх зорилго тавин ажилсан. Судалгааны ажлын хүрээнд Хөвсгөл, Сэлэнгэ, Төв, Булган аймгуудаас санамсаргүй тандалтаар нийт 752 дээжийг нэвчин тунадасжих урвалаар шинжилж түүнийгээ үүрэн “нестед” полимеразын гинжин урвалаар буюу EIA vitr-1F, EIA vitr-1R, EIA vitr-2F, EIA vitr-2R праймер ашиглан баталгаажуулсан. Нэвчин тунадасжих урвалаар шинжлэхэд 10 дээж буюу 1.3%-д нь эерэг үр дүн гарсан бөгөөд түүнийгээ үүрэн “нестед” полимеразын гинжин урвалаар шинжлэхэд 2 дээж буюу 0.2% -д нь эерэг үр дүн үзүүлсэн. АХЦБӨ-ний халдвартай адуу дээж авах үед ил шинж тэмдэггүй байв. Сэлэнгэ аймгийн адуунд АХЦБӨ-ний тархалттай байна. Монгол адуунаас АХЦБӨ-ний үүсгэгчийг үүрэн “нестед” полимеразын гинжин урвалаар илрүүлэв. Сүүлийн үед АХЦБӨ монгол адуунд ил шинж тэмдэггүй илэрч байна. Цаашид монгол адууны адууны халдварт цус багадах өвчний үүсгэгчийн генийн дараалалыг тогтоож бусад орны адууны халдварт цус багадах өвчний үүсгэгчтэй харьцуулах шаардлагатай байна.
ХАРАА, ЕРӨӨ ГОЛЫН САВ ГАЗАРТ МАЛЫН ТРИПАНОСОМОЗ ҮҮСГЭГЧ (Trypanosoma evansi)-ИЙГ ДАМЖУУЛАГЧ ХӨХТҮРҮҮНИЙ ТӨРЛИЙГ ТОДОРХОЙЛСОН ДҮНГЭЭС
Authors: О Чинчимэг , Х Наранбаатар , И Хатанбаатар , П Мөнхзул , Б Цэрэнтогтох , Ё Мягмарсүх , Г Батцэцэг
Published: June 2017

Хараа, Ерөө голын сав дагуу байрладаг Төв аймгийн Борнуур, Батсүмбэр, Баянчандмань, Дархан-Уул аймгийн Хонгор, Орхон, Сэлэнгэ аймгийн Жавхлант, Сайхан, Баянгол, Ерөө сумын адуу, үхрээс болон хүрээлэн буй орчноос 106 хөхтүрүүг шавж баригч тороор цуглуулж, цуглуулсан хөхтүрүү тус бүрийг 70%-ийн этилийн спирттэй цодон саванд хадгалааслав. Хараа, Ерөө голын сав газрын зарим нутгаас бидний судалгаанд хамрагдсан хөхтүрүүний 63.2% -ийг Hybomitra төрөл, 34%-Tabanus төрөл-2.8%-Atylotus төрөл тус тус эзэлж байв. Хөхтүрүүний төрлийг тэдгээрийн толгой, антенны хэлбэр, далавч, хөл, нүд, эмэгчин хөхтүүрүүнд нүүрний бүтцээр ялган тодорхойлох боломжтойг бидний судалгаа харуулж байна.
ЦАХИЛГААН ЭРЧИМ ХҮЧНИЙ ЧАНАР БА ГЭРЭЛТҮҮЛГИЙН ХЭМНЭЛТИЙН СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Д Баатархүү , Д Ернур , С Баттөгс
Published: June 2017

Энэхүү судалгааны ажлаар Сохо Тавилгын Их Дэлгүүрийн цахилгаан эрчим хүчний хэрэглээг бууруулах, ашиглаж байгаа эрчим хүчэд чанарын шинжилгээ хийхийг зорилоо. Тус ажлын хүрээнд цахилгааны ерөнхий шитэнд СА8334 багажыг холбож 7 хоногийн турш 10 минутын зайтай шугамын үндсэн параметрүүдийн хэмжилтийн утгыг авч, гурван фазын хүчдэл, гүйдлийн тэгш бус хэмийг тодорхойлов. Мөн тус дэлгүүрийн онцлогт тохируулан хэмнэлттэй лед чийдэн хэрэглэх үеийн эдийн засгийн үр ашгийг тооцон гаргав. Судалгааны үр дүнд фазын гүйдэл тэгш бус хэмтэй, чадлын коэффициент стандарт хэмжээнд хүрэхгүй байгаа нь тодорхойлогдов.
ДИЗЕЛЬ ХӨДӨЛГҮҮРИЙН ЭКОЛОГИЙН ХАРЬЦУУЛСАН ҮНЭЛГЭЭ (Common rail болон ердийн дизель хөдөлгүүр)
Authors: М Галбадрах , Ц Өлзийбаатар
Published: June 2017

Энэ ажлын хүрээнд Common rail diesel injector түлшний системтэй дизель хөдөлгүүр бүхий тээврийн хэрэгслийн экологийн үзүүлэлтийг төрөл, гүйлт, насжилтын ангиллаар тодорхойлон, түүнд нөлөөлөх хүчин зүйлийн шинжилгээ хийж, математик загвар боловсруулав. Судалгааны ажлын үр дүнд уламжлалт хийцийн дизель хөдөлгүүрийн экологийн үзүүлэлтийг Common rail diesel injector хөдөлгүүрийн экологийн үзүүлэлттэй харьцуулан үзэж дүгнэлт гаргалаа. Евро-3,4 стандартыг Монгол Улсад нэвтрүүлэх зайлшгүй шаардлагатай болж байгаа бөгөөд энэ нь манай улсын нийгэм, эдийн засгийн байдалд чухал ач холбогдолтой болохыг тодорхойлж, дүгнэлт зөвлөмж боловсруулсан.
Монгол орны говийн нутагт шороон шуурга шуурах үеийн РМ10 тоосны агууламж
Authors: Д Жүгдэр , Д Батдорж , Matsui I , Sugimoto N , Nishikawa M
Published: June 2017

Агаар дахь нарийн ширхэгт тоос, тоосонцорын эх үүсвэр нь байгалийн гаралтай байхаас гадна хүний үйл ажиллагаатай холбоотой. Агаар дахь тоос шороон шуурга, галт уулын дэлбэрэлт, ой хээрийн түймэр, амьд ургамал, далайн цалгидасаас үүдэлтэй байвал байгалийн гаралтай тоос гэж үздэг. Харин шатахуун, нүүрсний шаталт, нүүрс шатаадаг эрчим хүч, дулаан, цахилгааны үйлдвэрүүд, уурхай, барилга байгууламж, газар шорооны бусад үйл ажиллагаа, хөрсний элэгдэл, замын тоос, автотээврийн хэрэгслээс гарах утаа зэрэг олон төрлийн үйлдвэрлэлийн явцаас агаарт дэгдсэн тоос, тортог нь хүний үйл ажиллагаатай холбоотой юм.Өнөө үед агаар дахь тоос, түүнийг дагалдах химийн элемент, нэгдлүүдийг хэмжих нарийн технологи бүхий багажууд үйлдвэрлэгдэн ашиглагдаж байна. Агаар дахь тоос нь агаар бохирдуулагчдын нэгд орно. Шороон шуурга, тоос нь агаарын урсгалаар алсад зөөгдөж байдаг бөгөөд хүний эрүүл мэнд, электроникийн үйлдвэрлэл, барилга болон бүх төрлийн тээврийн хэрэгслийн үйл ажиллагаа, манай орны мал аж ахуй зэрэг олон салбарт сөрөг нөлөө үзүүлдэг. Иймд зүүн-хойд Азийн орнууд бүс нутгийн хэмжээнд шороон шуургыг бүх талаас нь хамтран судлаж байна.Энэхүү судалгаагаар Монгол оронд 2007-2009 онд шинээр байгуулагдсан тоосны мониторингийн станцууд дээр дэвшилтэт техник, төхөөрөмж, технологиор хэмжсэн тоосны агууламжийн мэдээг боловсруулах, Монгол орны шороон шуурга, тоосны агууламжийн оронзай, цаг хугацааны тархалгын талаар судалгааны шинэ үр дүн гаргах зорилт тавьсан болно.