bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dietary risk factors of non-communicable diseases among industrial common workers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Upadhyay Dakshadhwari , Ahmed Rashmi , Boruah Manjit
Published: July 2019

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and morbidity throughout the world. Unhealthy diet is a risk factor for NCDs. There is a lack of studies on the prevalence of dietary risk factors among the industrial population in India particularly in North East India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among industrial workers of a major industry in Assam. The sample size was 330 considering a prevalence of 50% and 95% confidence interval, and a design effect of 1.5. Data was collected using methods described in WHO STEPS instrument v3.1.Results: A total of 318 subjects consented to participate in the study. Consumption of less than 5 servings of fruit and/or vegetables on average per day was observed in majority 98.4% of the study participants. In a typical week, fruits and vegetables were consumed on 2.99 and 6.89 days respectively. Mean number of servings of fruit consumed on average per day was 0.5 and for vegetables were 2.33.46 (14.5%) of the study participants added extra salt always or often to their food before eating or while eating. 132 (41.5%) of the study participants always or often ate processed foods high in salt.Conclusions: Inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables was observed in 98.4% of industrial workers included in the study. Increasing awareness among this population about adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables to prevent NCDs is necessary.
Association between physical activity and obesity in adolescent population in urban areas of Maharashtra
Authors: Chincholikar Sanjeev Vasantrao , Sohani Amit
Published: July 2019

Background: Obesity is a major risk factor in many serious chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, some forms of cancer, and osteoarthritis. The lack of physical activity is one of the main risk factor that leads to overweight and obesity. Objective of the study was to determine the association of obesity with physical activity.Methods: The study was carried out in 4 institutions (3 schools and 1 college) of semi-urban area of Maharashtra from Jan 2013 to Jan 2014. 585 students were selected by systematic sample i.e. every 3rd student was included in the study sample. A pretested standardized questionnaire was used. Body mass index was calculated by dividing the weight in kilogram by square of height in meter.Results: The subjects were asked regarding use of gym facility for exercise, it was found 26.21% subjects, who did not have exercise, had either overweight or obesity. It was also observed that 26.15% study subjects who daily walk less than a kilometer had either overweight or obesity. There was statistically significant difference between physical inactivity and prevalence of overweight as well as obesity.Conclusions: The subjects were asked regarding use of gym facility for exercise, it was found 26.21% subjects, who did not have exercise, had either overweight or obesity. It was also observed that 26.15% study subjects who daily walk less than a kilometre had either overweight or obesity. There was statistically significant difference between physical inactivity and prevalence of overweight as well as obesity.
Knowledge and practices regarding self-directed learning among undergraduates from a medical college in Kerala
Authors: Yesubakthan Suba Joice , Sargunam Blessed S. , Rajendran Judith , Bhasy Beena I.
Published: July 2019

Background: Medical education for undergraduates is a challenging area and medical professionals are life-long learners. Self-directed learning (SDL) is adult learning process. SDL describes a process where individuals take initiative, with or without the help of others, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating learning goals, identifying human and material resources for learning, choosing and implementing appropriate learning strategies, and evaluating learning outcomes. This study assessed knowledge and practices regarding SDL among medical undergraduates and looked for association between gender and year of study with knowledge and practices of different components of SDL.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 192 students doing final year and internship at Dr. Somervell Memorial CSI Medical College, Kerala from April to July 2018 after obtaining clearance from Institutional ethics committee. Data was collected using a predesigned and pretested structured self-administered questionnaire on socio demographic profile, knowledge, practices, barriers and opportunities regarding SDL. Data was entered in excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS trial version 21.0.  Results: Majority of the students had good knowledge regarding the components of SDL and practiced components like identifying their learning needs, objectives, commitment and implementation of the learning process. Only 57.3% students evaluated learning process and 31.8% alone had an educator as facilitator. Important barriers identified were self-motivation (88%) followed by time (81.8%).  Conclusions: Interns had better knowledge and practice of SDL components compared to final year students. Though females had a better knowledge and practice of SDL components compared to males it was not statistically significant.
A study of waist circumference and waist-hip ratio as markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus in an urban population of district Bareilly
Authors: Khan Mohammad Suhail , Ahmad Ausaf , Saxena Sumit , Singh Atul Kumar , Gupta S. B.
Published: July 2019

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus belongs to a group of diseases labelled as lifestyle diseases and is on the rise in Asians especially Indians. Hence finding bio-markers is important to warn people and create awareness.  Aim of the present study is to estimate waist-hip ratio, waist circumference in type 2 diabetic patients with respect to gender.  Methods: A cross-sectional, community based study was conducted from February 2014 to February 2015 among adults in the age group of 30 year and above residing in area covered under UHTC of Bareilly City. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to achieve the desired sample size. 640 is the sample size came out to be by applying 3.8 4𝑃𝑄/d2 formula. Subject’s waist circumference, waist-hip ratio was measured in study samples. House to house survey was done for collecting data. Data tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis.  Results: Prevalence of DM and IFG was more in those who were having high waist circumference and the association was also found to be statistically significant. The association was also found statistically significant between male high waist hip ratio and Diabetes Mellitus but no association was seen between female’s high waist-hip ratio and Diabetes Mellitus.Conclusions: High waist circumference can be a screening procedure for DM individuals in both sexes, but the same scenario we haven’t seen in high waist hip ratio among females and prevalence of DM. Appropriate waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio values are complex because they are likely influenced by gender and other factors.
Knowledge and socio-demographic profile of Anganwadi workers in Mangalagiri rural Integrated Child Development Services project, Guntur
Authors: Andey U. Vinod Venkata Kumar , Budimelli Swapna , Chebrolu Kalyan , Swamy C. Ganapathi , Naresh J. , Babu R. Surendra
Published: July 2019

Background: Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) today represents one of the world’s largest programmes for early childhood development. The Anganwadi workers and Anganwadi Helpers are the grass root level functionaries responsible for delivery of services.Methods: A field based cross sectional observational study was conducted in Mangalagiri rural ICDS project to assess the  knowledge levels and the socio-demographic profile of the Anganwadi workers, all the Anganwadi workers who are working in Mangalagiri rural ICDS project area have been included in the study.Results: Out of 212 AWWs, majority of AWWs were from the age group of between 30-49 years; 123 (58%)  AWWs have education qualification from 6th class to 10th class standard and 135 (63.7%) workers had an experience of more than 10 years. About 142 (67%) AWWs had a good knowledge assessment score. They had best knowledge about immunization (96.7%), referral services (93.4%), growth monitoring (82.5%), health check-ups (75.1%) and nutrition and health education (70%). AWWs complained problems like infrastructure related, excessive work overload and record maintenance.Conclusions: The majority of the AWWs are in the age group of 30 to 49 years. More than half of them belong to lower middle socio-economic class. Maximum number of workers has experience of 10 years or more. All the AWWs in our study had 50% and above knowledge about Anganwadi services. Best knowledge is seen regarding immunization followed by referral services. Least knowledge is seen regarding supplementary nutrition. Major problems reported were excess work and record maintenance.
A study on feeding practices among mothers with children aged less than two years in rural area of Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Ali Fasna Liaquath , Govindasamy Ravivarman , Soubramanian Suganthi
Published: July 2019

Background: Adequate nutrition in first 24 months through optimal Infant and Young Child feeding is fundamental for the development of the child. Hence assessment of Infant and Young child feeding practices rank among the most effective intervention is to meet the deficit improve the child health. Hence this study is conducted with the objective to assess the prevalence and factors influencing infant and young child feeding practices among the rural mothers of children aged less than two years.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in the rural area of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu from January 2017 to August 2017. 247 children of age less than two years were selected by two stage random sampling method. Data was collected house to house using pretested questionnaire and WHO infant and young child feeding questionnaire. Proportions were calculated and Chi square was applied.Results: The median age of the study participants were 9±7.1 months. 226 (91.5 %) were given colostrum and 163 (66%) were initiated breastfeeding within one hour after birth. 58.6% of children were introduced on soft/solid/semi solid food at the end of 6 to 8 months. In multiple logistic regression education of the mother, working status of the mother, number of antennal visits and place of delivery were associated with appropriate feeding practices.Conclusions: Maternal decision determines how an infant to be fed but it reflects the atmosphere by how they are influenced and adopted the decision.
Effect of socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors on nutritional status of elderly: a cross sectional study
Authors: Patil Darshan J. , Shindhe Maheshkumar M.
Published: July 2019

Background: Worldwide elderly population is rapidly increasing. This is posing many challenges in elderly population. Malnutrition in them is one of the major problems but ignored component. Socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors are those greatly influence their nutritional status. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess the effect of socio-economic, demographic and environmental factors on nutritional status of elderly.Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study which included 545 elderly population of Uchagaon subcentre and was carried out over a period of 1½ years. After selecting Uchagaon subcentre by simple random sampling technique and house to house survey was carried out to select eligible elderly participants who met the selection criteria. Data was collected from eligible elderly by using pretested questionnaire and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) tool.Results: 65.1% were between the age group of 60-69 years. 55% were females, 66% were currently married, 60% had no formal schooling, 67.2% were belongs to socio-economic status of either class IV/V. 23.5% were malnourished and 49% were at risk of malnutrition. There was association found between nutritional status of elderly with increase in age, marital status, educational status, occupation, socio-economic status, type of family and housing condition.Conclusions: In the present study majority of the elderly were at risk of malnutrition. The nutritional status of elderly was associated with increase in age, marital status, educational status, occupation, socio-economic status, type of family and housing condition of rural elderly and subsequently modify those factors to improve the nutritional status of elderly and this can be a scope for further study in future.
How knowledgeable and practicable are the mothers of under five children in urban slum, Tamil Nadu on: utilization of ORS, homemade fluids and feeding practices during acute diarrhoeal diseases
Authors: Jose Daimler Linzy , Purushothaman Punithakumary , Lakshmanan Ravi Shankar Singanallur
Published: July 2019

Background: Globally, acute diarrhoea claims around 1.5 million lives of under-five children. In India, ADD accounts for 8% of deaths in <5yrs age group. Child may be pushed into an irreversible outcome as stunting because of inadequate nutrition and repeated bouts of infection during the first 1000 days of life. Oral rehydration therapy is the most effective treatment intervention which can avert about 14% of deaths in under five children.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 270 mothers of under five children from our urban health centre service area of PSGIMSR.Results: Among 270 mothers of under five children most of them belonged to the age group of ≤25 years. Only 10.7% of the mothers were aware that infection or germs cause diarrhea, signs of dehydration were not known by 80% of mothers. Mothers’ with more than one child and mothers with education more than 8th class were emerged as the factors affecting ORS preparation.Conclusions: The knowledge on diarrhoea was low. Although awareness regarding spread of diarrhoea and ORS was adequate in this community, knowledge regarding continuation of feeding and signs of dehydration were deficient. Thus educating the mothers of under-five children regarding correct practices of home management of diarrhoea is likely to further reduce diarrhoea morbidity and mortality.
A study on prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors of Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: K. Kiran Prakash , Anga Venkata Suresh
Published: July 2019

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. Accounting for around 60% of all deaths and 44% of premature deaths worldwide. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors in Vijayawada.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on allopathic practicing doctors who were working in the various Hospitals, clinics, Nursing Homes within the corporation limits of Vijayawada city.Results: Out of the 720 study subjects, 498 doctors (69.2%) were males and 222 doctors (30.8%) were females. majority of the doctors 515 (71.5%) were with educational qualification of master degrees (MS/MD/MDS). Doctors in clinical specialty are more 565 (78.5%) compared with non-clinical 133 (18.4%) and dental 22 (3.1%). With regarding working sector, nearly one third of doctors were working in private sector 532 (73.9%).Conclusions: Because of more exposure to unhealthy life styles like smoking, alcohol, unhealthy dietary habits like high intake of salt, inadequate use of fruits and vegetables, oil fries and by leading a sedentary life and high risk factors like overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes a large number of the doctor’s population were at increased risk for chronic non-communicable diseases.
Assessment of work-related health hazards, personal hygiene and utilization of personal protective equipment’s among stone quarry workers: a cross sectional study in Central India
Authors: Prasad Manish A. , Verma Nirmal , Jain Kamlesh , Dewangan Pradeep
Published: July 2019

Background: It is estimated that exposures in the workplace account for around one in ten cases respiratory morbidities in adulthood. Being a respiratory ailment, this group of disorders impairs the pulmonary functions. The objective of the study was to assess the work-related health hazards, personal hygiene and utilization of personal protective equipments among stone quarry workers in Wardha district in Maharashtra.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 348 subjects working in the stone quarries situated in Yelakeli, Deoli, Paloti, Pulgaon, Borgaon, Nachangaon in Wardha district in Maharashtra.Results: 114 (32.75%) of the people reportedly had respiratory problems, body ache was reported by 154 (44.2%), eye problem was reported by 66 (18.9%), fever was told by 13 people (3.7%), other problems (like hearing related, skin, GIT etc) reported were 14 (4.02%). Chi-square test was found to be non-significant.Conclusions: None of the workers had undergone pre-placement examination. Personal protective measures are rarely used by stone quarry workers.
Knowledge and attitude regarding eye donation among the people of rural area in Kinaye, Belagavi: a cross sectional study
Authors: Bellad Asha , Hukkeri Shirin
Published: July 2019

Background: Corneal diseases are the second major cause of blindness. Corneal transplantation is the most effective treatment with high rate of success but there is a shortage of corneal donors. The study analyzed various factors affecting the willingness to donate cornea.Methods: This community based cross sectional study was conducted among the adults residing in 9 sub-centres under PHC Kinaye, Belagavi in Karnataka, India. The participants (n=400) answered questionnaires which included details such as the demographic profile and, awareness and willingness to donate eyes.  Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the data.Results: Out of 400 participants, 80.5% were aware of eye donation among which 52% were willing to donate. Univariate analysis showed that adults who were less than 40 years were more aware when compared to those who were more than 40 years (p=0.0001) and  more educated adults were willing to donate than illiterate. Adults from joint family were more aware when compared to those from nuclear family (p=0.005). Religious beliefs influenced the willingness of adults for donation as 83.6% denied willingness to donate.Conclusions: The results of our study strongly suggest that there are a lot of misconceptions regarding eye donation in most parts of our country. It is evident from our study that education and involvement of those in health sector, will help to spread knowledge about eye donation and to eliminate misconceptions and ignorance about corneal donation.
Internet gaming disorder: a public health concern
Authors: Savanthe Aruna Marati , Savolu Cynthia Subhaprada
Published: July 2019

Background: Internet gaming disorder is the public health concern globally due to its detrimental effects on the youth to an extreme of provoking them to suicide. As we lack studies in India highlighting this issue we have taken up a study to assess internet gaming disorder among medical graduates and validate the Internet gaming disorder-20 (IGD-20) scale.Methods: A cross-sectional study done on 200 first and second year medical students of Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool during February and March, 2019 using self-administered questionnaire containing IGD-20 which satisfies Griffith’s biopsychosocial component model and questions to assess socio behaviour changes. Data entered and analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive analysis, reliability tests, correlation and other appropriate significant tests used.Results: Prevalence of internet gaming disorder was 10%, more in male and who spend more than 30 hours per week on gaming which was statistically significant. Internal consistency of the IGD-20 was 0.91 Cronbach’s alpha. Socio-behavioural changes like aggressiveness, irritability and change in food patterns were significantly associated with excessive disordered gaming habit.Conclusions: Advanced technology as electronic gadgets, easily accessible networks are attracting the generation and making them addicted to it. Stress of the competitive world, loneliness is triggering this behaviour. Timely detection and management of the disordered gamers, scrutiny of parents on the internet gaming usage pattern of their kids, self-realisation and motivation towards physical games could help the youth to succumb the internet gaming disorder.
Assessment of nutritional status in chronic obstructive airways disease patients in a tertiary care hospital at Himachal Pradesh, India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Singh Balbir , Shridhar Pramod , Singh Kamaljit , Garg Rajesh , Pabla Herleen , Sharma Ena
Published: July 2019

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortatlity worldwide. Malnourishment in COPD patients is very common and is a prognostic factor in its treatment. The present study has been conducted to assess nutritional status in COPD patients and its correlation with severity of disease.Methods: This institutional based analytical cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine at tertiary care hospital in Himachal Pradesh (India) from 1 Dec 2017 to 31st May 2018. A total of 52 COPD participants attending the pulmonary Medicine OPD and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled.Results: All participants reported being smoker since long with the mean years of smoking since 31 years and about 13.6 cigarettes being smoked per day. 22 (42%) of the participants were undernourished as per BMI criteria But when  compared with MUAC criteria, a large number 38 (73%) came out to be undernourished. haemoglobin and cholesterol levels were less in patients with severe diseases than mild and moderate category (76.9%).Conclusions: The malnourishment and severity of the disease has direct correlation. More the severity of COPD, more is the malnourishment. Biochemical parameters, although not deranged significantly in any group, but more on the lower side in patients with severe COPD. There is a need for regular nutritional assessment of every COPD patient and recommendation of supplementary food for them.
Knowledge about rabies among urban adult residents, Agartala, West Tripura: a cross sectional study
Authors: Mog Chanda , Roy Arundhati , Choudhuri Paramita
Published: July 2019

Background: India is endemic for rabies accounting for 36% of the world death. Low awareness of the need to seek health care after a dog bite claims the lives of more than 55,000 people each year, mostly Asia and Arica. The objective of the study was to estimate the level of knowledge about rabies among adult population in urban area and also to find out the factors associated with level of knowledge.Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out among 200 adult population of Agartala Municipal Corporation area for a period of one month and study subjects were selected by using multistage sampling technique. A predesigned, pretested, structured interview schedule was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20. Chi-square and Fisher's exact was used to find out the factors associated with level of knowledge and p value <0.5 considered as a significant.Results: The present study showed that mean age of the respondents was 45.23±14.7 years. Among them 54.5% were female, 32% home maker and 39% had completed graduation. Out of 200 respondents, 167 respondents were heard about the term ‘Rabies’ i.e., 83.5% and 33 respondent’s i.e., 16.5% never heard about the term ‘Rabies’ but only 20.5% subjects knew correctly that rabies was caused by virus. In our study, adequate knowledge on rabies was found 40% and only one factor i.e., literacy (p=0.002) was found significantly associated with level of knowledge.Conclusions: The study findings indicate that still there is need to be increase adequate level of knowledge about rabies among adult residents in urban area.
Assessment of effectiveness of extracapsular cataract extraction versus manual small incision cataract surgery: an observational study
Authors: Sakre Mohin M. , Nizami Sana , Singh Ranjana , Raghavendra Anuhya , Takalkar Anant Arunrao
Published: July 2019

Background: Dilemma of cost effectiveness of manual small incision cataract surgeries (MSICS) in the terms of training and equipment has been widely pondered upon in developing areas. Objective of the study is to compare the manual small incision cataract surgery and extra capsular cataract extraction.Methods: A prospective study was conducted among the IPD patients of the Ophthalmology Department of Khaja Bandanawaz Teaching and General Hospital, Kalaburagi, from June to December 2017. Statistical Analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2013, SPSS 23.0 and Chi-square test was performed.Results: Out of the 160 individuals who underwent extra capsular cataract extraction (ECCE), 06 (3.75%), 91 (56.88%) and 63 (39.37%) of the study subjects had poor (5/50), moderate (6/60-6/24) and good (6/18-6/6) visual acuity respectively. Highest incidence was that of lens prolapse (25%) and corneal complications (25%) in ECCE. Among the subjects who underwent MSICS, highest incidence of intra operative complication noticed was that of lens prolapse, iris prolapse and anterior chamber collapse, each at 20%.Conclusions: It was concluded that the restoration of visual acuity was fairly good and uniform in both the procedures. Certain intra operative complications such as lens prolapse, iris prolapse and anterior chamber collapse were noticed in MSICS and capsular flaps and vitreous loss were noticed only in ECCE.
Effects of Whatsapp and Facebook on academic, professional and social lives of medical students and resident doctors of North India
Authors: Singhal Shubha , Chawla Shalini
Published: July 2019

Background: Whatsapp and Facebook are the communication apps which facilitate the exchange of instant messages, pictures, videos and thus help in connecting the people with each other. Although it has brought many benefits, these benefits have come at a price. People spend more than usual hours on social networking and find it difficult to concentrate on their work and studies. This study was planned to assess the effects of Whatsapp and Facebook on academic, professional and social lives of medical students and resident doctors.Methods: The study was conducted on 480 medical students and 275 resident doctors. The data were collected with the help of a questionnaire designed for gathering the effects of Whatsapp and Facebook on academic, professional and social lives of medical students and resident doctors.Results: Majority of the participants (98.3%) used both Whatsapp and Facebook and spent 1-2 hours per day on Whatsapp and Facebook. Nearly 45% participants said that usage of Whatsapp and/ Facebook had a positive impact on their study performance. More than half of the participants (54.6%) agreed that Whatsapp and Facebook use affected their mood and reduces their interpersonal interaction with family and friends.Conclusions: Study concludes that Whatsapp and Facebook have positive impact in academic and professional lives of medical students and doctors. However, excessive use of social networking sites for recreational purposes has negative impact on their mental and social health.
Subject preference for future specialization among undergraduate medical students and their perception towards community medicine as a career option: a cross sectional study
Authors: Sengupta Bitan , Das Rituparna , Das Shampa
Published: July 2019

Background: India is currently in need of large number of public health specialists to combat the double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. But it was seen that medical students are less interested in a career as a public health specialists. This study aimed to assess the preferences of subjects for future specialization among medical students and to understand their attitude towards Community Medicine as a future career.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 200 MBBS students selected by stratified random sampling at Agartala Govt. Medical College of Tripura during April to May 2018. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 25.0).Results: Medicine was the most preferred subject (35%) for specialization followed by obstetrics and gynecology (16%) and surgery (15%). About 4% of the participants opted Community Medicine for future specialization. Lack of personal satisfaction, lack of future career prospective and lack of opportunity to earn name and money ranked top most cause for not choosing Community Medicine as a career.Conclusions: Preference of Community Medicine for future specialization was very limited among medical students. Interest on Community Medicine as a career among MBBS students can be improved by proper counseling and modification of curriculum.
A comparative study of quality of life among elderly people living in old age homes and in the community
Authors: Kengnal Prakash R. , Bullappa Asha , M. S. Ashok Kumar
Published: July 2019

Background: The ageing process is not determined truly by genes and personal characteristics but mainly by his adjustment with the environment he lives. Ageing of a person depends on many factors which influence the course of life like physiological, social, psychological, economic, environmental and cultural factors which in turn affect the quality of life (QoL). Given these findings, quality of life is influenced by the place where a person lives. The objective of the study was to assess and compare the quality of life of elderly living in old age homes and community.Methods: This was a cross sectional, questionnaire based study done on elderly people (>60 years) living in old age home, urban and rural area. The study was carried out for a period of 3 months from April to June 2016 after taking consent from the study participants. WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life.Results: Elderly females were more than elderly males in rural and old age home. The study participants of all the three places were concentrated in the age group 65-70 years old. The mean scores of physical, psychological and social domains were high in urban elderly people. Most of the study population was illiterate in urban and rural area but in old age home most of them were educated. There was significant difference between the mean scores for psychological and environmental domain (p=0.048 and 0.001 respectively).Conclusions: Participants living in the urban area had higher mean scores in the physical, psychological and social domains as compared to rural area and old age home. The mean score of environmental domain was high in rural area as compared to urban and old age home.
Knowledge and attitude about leprosy among medical students and interns at tertiary care centre of central India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Jadhao Ashok R. , Tayade Hitesh C. , Kherde Abhijit N. , Dambhare Punam M.
Published: July 2019

Background: Leprosy has been known to the Indians since the Vedic period. Leprosy is synonymous with social stigma due to reasons like mystery around its transmission, lack of knowledge on available treatment, deformities and religious views. Prejudice and lack of knowledge about leprosy exist even among medical practitioners and healthcare professionals around the world. Considering above mentioned facts, this study was conducted to study knowledge and attitude of medical students and interns towards leprosy.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at IGGMC, Nagpur, among Third MBBS part one of 7th semester medical students who were exam going for community medicine and interns of IGGMC between October 2018 to January 2019. Questionnaire comprised of 27 knowledge-based and 22 attitude–oriented questions. In all total 210 subjects, 99 Interns and 111 students were enrolled for the study.Results: Mean age of interns was 23.52±0.66 years and that of students was 21.45±0.85 years. There was no significant difference in knowledge regarding cause and modes of transmission and clinical features of leprosy between interns and student however interns were having significant higher knowledge regarding diagnosis, treatment, prevention of deformity limitation and precaution to be taken against leprosy. Only 13(6.19%) participants were having knowledge regarding targets of NLEP that was to be achieved by year 2017. Though both interns and students both showed good attitude towards leprosy but only 34 interns and 31 students had ever rendered service or donated money for cause of leprosy.Conclusions: Knowledge regarding national program is limited in both groups, curriculum should be strengthen pertaining to National program.
Occupational hazards and health problems among traffic personnel of Mangaluru city
Authors: Mishra Prakash Kumar , Purushothama Jagannath
Published: July 2019

Background: Occupational health risks and hazards due to the polluted environment have become a serious public health concern. Thus, the duty-bound personnel like traffic police who are continuously exposed, may be at high risk and badly suffer from related health problems. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of occupational hazards and related health problems among traffic personnel in Mangaluru city. It also aimed to determine the association between occupational hazards and health problems.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among traffic personnel of Mangaluru city. A semi-structured questionnaire with established reliability and validity was used to measure occupational hazards, protective measures, and health problems.Results: The prevalence of respiratory morbidity, eye symptoms, and auditory symptoms was found to be 51.2%, 61.6%, and 47.5% respectively. Respiratory morbidity and duration of use of protective measures against air pollution are found to be significantly associated. The duration of exposure to noise pollution was also significantly associated with the auditory symptoms.Conclusions: Police personnel suffer from significant occupational health problems, due to hazards like air pollution and noise. Necessary protective measures should be taken to ensure the safety of traffic personnel. This study showed an association between occupational hazards and related health problems.
Didactic and narrative methods of communicating breast cancer screening: a systematic review
Authors: Muchiri Joseph Mutitu
Published: July 2019

There is limited studies that have sought to understanding the processes and mechanisms through which stories influence health-related decisions and actions is critical to maximizing their effectiveness and developing appropriate applications for use in practice settings, more also studies that seek to interrogate the available evidence on the effectiveness of narratives in on seven correlates of behaviour change hence the current review. The main aim of this review was to conduct a comparative evaluation on effectiveness of didactic and narrative methods of cancer communication. Studies were included if they the study used empirical data whether the data was quantitative or qualitative discussing the use of narrative or didactic forms communication on cancer screening, if the study reported outcome of the intervention, if the study was on cancer screening, if the article was written in English language, and the article appeared in a peer-reviewed journal that was published before July 2017. The current systematic review evaluated evidence supporting narrative intervention in cancer communication in an attempt to increase the uptake of breast cancer screening as well as comparing narrative mode of communication with statistical mode of passing the information. Over all it was observed that there exist some evidence that narrative is efficacious in increasing breast cancer screening services. However there were a lot of inconsistences in the evidence adduced in these studies, a fact that warrant that more studies be done in this area of study.
A scoping review on barriers to implementation of health education programs in low to middle income countries
Authors: Pierre Gashema , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa
Published: July 2019

We aimed to map literature on the barriers to effective implementation of health education programs (HEPs) in low to middle income countries (LMICs) to guide future implementation research. We employed a rigorous scoping review design. Our review was guided by the Arksey and O’Malley framework, 2005, further enhanced by Levac et al. The keyword search was comprehensive for relevant studies presenting evidence on barriers to implementation of HEPs in LMICs from Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCOHost (CINAHL and Academic Search Complete) databases and grey literature. The first search identified 3,092 articles, of which 1,412 duplicates were eliminated. An additional 1,632, 34 and 7 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria based on sequential title screen, abstract review and full text review respectively. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria for the actual scoping review. Findings of the review revealed three categories of barriers to effective implementation of HEPs in LMICs grouped as individual or patient level, community level and population level barriers. A key barrier to effective implementation of HEPs in LMICs revealed from the review was socio-economic challenges, which result from resource constraints. This calls for adequate allocation of the limited resources toward health education to ensure effective implementation of HEPs in LMICs and improve health outcomes.
¿Quién Es (R)? Una consideración en Torno a la identidad a partir del Primer Trasplante de Cabeza en humanos
Authors: Guardo González Yerlis
Published: July 2019

El desarrollo actual de las tecnologías biomédicas ha contribuido extraordinariamente al bienestar de la humanidad, por lo que anhelamos que continúe haciéndolo. No obstante, ese mismo desarrollo ha producido nuevos riesgos para la integridad y lo que asumimos como la identidad del ser humano al situarlo como punto medular en los debates públicos sobre la ética, la estética y la salud. Su cuerpo, que se explicita como un territorio de disputa estratégico, es el lugar donde se expresan las vastas transformaciones tecnocientíficas, logrando convertirse en parte esencial de los dilemas bioéticos actuales que abarcan la vida humana desde su nacimiento y su desarrollo hasta su muerte. Entre estos debates podemos destacar las polémicas acontecidas alrededor de temas como el aborto, la eutanasia, la procreación asistida, la manipulación genética, y la primera anastomosis de cabeza en humanos. El siguiente artículo realiza una reflexión ético- filosófica en torno a la noción de identidad implícita a partir del primer trasplante de cabeza en humanos. Para ello, se presenta de forma clara y sucinta los aspectos históricos que antecedieron al primer intento quirúrgico de trasplantar una cabeza humana, seguido a ésto se trae a colación las particularidades técnicas del procedimiento y, por último, se hace hincapié en la preocupación por el hombre y el riesgo de ser modelado a imagen de los objetos técnicos
Más allá de la baja visión
Authors: Maritza Sánchez Jenny
Published: July 2019

Introducción: Con el aumento de la expectativa de vida de la población, cada día son más frecuentes las enfermedades oculares que generan limitación visual en personas de la tercera edad.
Metodología: Para llevar a cabo esta revisión se buscó en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scielo, Lilacs y ProQuest, con los descriptores DeCS para normalizar los términos en el lenguaje estándar cientíico.
El objetivo fue describir el papel que tiene el optómetra en la valoración del paciente con baja visión, describiendo brevemente las pruebas clínicas básicas para determinar su estado visual.
Resultados: Se deben valorar la agudeza visual, la sensibilidad al contraste, el campo visual, la visión de color y la funcionalidad. Los resultados obtenidos permitirán establecer un plan de rehabilitación visual de acuerdo con la condición y las necesidades de cada paciente, con el objetivo de potenciar y optimizar su remanente visual, para aprovecharlo en tareas concretas. Para esto, se tendrán que utilizar ayudas ópticas especializadas, tales como microscopios, ampliicadores manuales o con soporte y telescopios, y no ópticas, como el atril y el tiposcopio. Este proceso está encaminado a recuperar la autonomía personal, y conseguir la integración familiar, social, laboral y educativa.
Conclusiones: Los optómetras deben desarrollar habilidades para la evaluación, el diagnóstico y el manejo de la baja visión, que les permitan hacer frente a las nuevas demandas de la profesión. Se debe tener en cuenta el abordaje de la baja visión con un grupo multidisciplinario que permita desarrollar en el paciente mecanismos para enfrentar su nueva condición de vida.
A Rare Case of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia With Blast Count Less Than 20% in Bone Marrow
Authors: Nematollahi Pardis , Sabaghi Behnaz , Moafi Alireza
Published: July 2019

One of the diagnostic criteria for Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML) is the presence of 20% myeloid blasts in peripheral blood or bone marrow. Some cases with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities also fall in this category with blast cell count less than 20%. Thus, in the presence of these genetic abnormalities, the patients are classified as AML regardless of blast cell count. One of these genetic heterogeneities is t(8; 21) (q22, q22.1) which is more commonly seen in children and young adults. In this study, a 14-year-old boy is reported with a final diagnosis of AML, which was presented with fever and bicytopenia, clinically suspicious for acute leukemia. Laboratory results reported less than 20% blasts in bone marrow aspiration smears but genetic alteration t(8; 21) (q22, q22.1) was detected by molecular exams.
Tense Ascites as a Presentation of Protein S Deficiency in a 9-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Ghafarypour Mehrnoush , Asgarshirazi Masoumeh , Aghighi Yahya , Raeeskarami Seyedreza , Najafi Mehri
Published: July 2019

Ascites is not a usual finding in prehepatic portal hypertension, including portal vein thrombosis, but when portal vein thrombosis is acute and massive, ascites can be a presenting feature. We report a 9-year-old boy with tense ascites and portal and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. A 9-year-old boy was evaluated for tense ascites which led to umbilical hernia since one month before admission. He did not have any clinical or laboratory stigmata of parenchymal liver disease. Imaging studies showed superior mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis. In laboratory tests for pre-thrombotic states, he suffered from significant protein S deficiency. Thrombophilic states like protein S deficiency predispose patient to vascular thrombosis. This vascular thrombosis can be present with signs and symptoms related to their territories. Prevention of thrombosis and rethrombosis with anticoagulant therapy is recommended.
Azathioprine-Induced Severe Bone Marrow Suppression
Authors: Ghalamkari Marzieh , Karimpour Reyhan Sahar , Khajavi Rad Nasim , Abbaszadeh Mahsa
Published: July 2019

Aplastic anemia is characterized by bone marrow failure and pancytopenia. It could be due to autoimmune disorders, radiation, drugs, or chemicals. Drugs that mostly cause aplastic anemia include chloramphenicol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptic drugs, gold salts, and antithyroid drugs. Clinical sign and symptoms often result from pancytopenia that includes signs of anemia and bleeding. In some patients, fever and sepsis are seen that are due to neutropenia. Azathioprine is a purine antimetabolite, an immunosuppressive drug that causes myelosuppression and pancytopenia, especially in patients who have some degrees of TPMT (Thiopurine Methyltransferase) activity. We present a patient who admitted to our hospital with fever and pancytopenia and a history of recent azathioprine treatment. Because of delay in the recovery of pancytopenia, she was suspected of aplastic anemia, and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were done for her.
Primary Echinococcal Synovitis
Authors: Pejman Sani Mahnaz , Ebrahimpur Mahbube , Torki Mahnaz , Alijani Neda
Published: July 2019

Hydatid cyst is a parasitic infection caused by the larvae of Echinococcus granulosus. We report a rare case of primary echinococcal synovitis in a 37-year-old woman who was referred to our clinic with pain and swelling of the right knee.
Many Segments in Neutrophils of a Patient With Megaloblastic Anemia
Authors: Karimpour Reyhan Sahar , Abbaszadeh Mahsa , Khajavi Rad Nasim
Published: July 2019

The article's abstract is no available.
El Carisma, fuente de poder en las organizaciones. Una evidencia Empírica en la Economía Solidaria
Authors: Arcos Soto Cindy Thatiana , Suárez Pineda Marlén
Published: July 2019

El artículo pretende entender las formas de poder que se ejercen en las organizaciones solidarias agroindustriales, con el propósito de describir cómo se manifiesta el poder en ellas. Los objetivos son: construir una taxonomía del ejercicio del poder en las organizaciones que son objeto de estudio de la Administración, mapear y categorizar las organizaciones solidarias registradas en entidades oficiales, determinar las organizaciones que serán objetos muestrales del estudio, y, finalmente, caracterizar las relaciones de poder en las organizaciones mencionadas. La investigación es cualitativa, busca descubrir el fenómeno del poder en las percepciones, opiniones y formas de sentir, en una relación social compuesta por sujetos que ejercen poder sobre otros y aquellos que lo reciben. Los resultados se orientan a comprender las relaciones de poder que tienen las organizaciones solidarias, permitiendo confrontar lineamientos teóricos del poder, con factores claves que operan en la realidad de las organizaciones estudiadas.
Identificación de necesidades de fortalecimiento de las Micro y Pequeñas empresas de la comuna 18 de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali
Authors: Chunga Hernández Janeth , Márquez Martínez Rafael Hernán , González Herrera Mónica Andrea
Published: July 2019

Uno de los sectores que mayor aporte realiza al crecimiento y al empleo del país son las micros y las pequeñas empresas. Un grupo de investigadores de Unicatólica tuvo el interés de caracterizar las necesidades de formación de las micro y pequeñas empresas del área comercial de la Comuna 18 de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, planteándose como objetivos específicos la caracterización económica de las empresas del sector, e identificar sus fortalezas y debilidades, y los procesos internos para poder intervenir en ellas. La metodología utilizada es de tipo exploratorio, no experimental y el análisis de la información se realizó con base en categorías de análisis, lo que la hace una investigación cualitativa. Como referentes teóricos se tuvieron en cuenta autores como Porter y Nonaka, entre otros, y para los aspectos de formalidad, se consideraron los decretos y reglamentaciones expedidas por el gobierno nacional.