bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jogos eletrônicos: uma análise sobre as percepções de alunos e professores do Colégio de Aplicação
Authors: Nunes João Walter Backes , Vasques Daniel Giordani
Published: March 2021

Os jogos eletrônicos estão cada vez mais comuns devido à popularização da internet nos últimos anos e vêm gerando diversas dúvidas sobre as suas aproximações com os temas violência, educação e lazer. Esta é uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo principal analisar as percepções de alunos e professores de uma escola de ensino básico e perceber os diferentes modos de interpretação de questões sobre jogos eletrônicos. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, foi realizado um questionário virtual distribuído para os alunos de francês do oitavo ano do Colégio de Aplicação da UFRGS (n=16) e para os professores do Projeto Pixel, etapa referente ao 8º e 9º anos escolares. Os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa indicaram que as diferenças entre as percepções de alunos e professores foram poucas. Verificou-se que os jogos eletrônicos estão cada vez sendo mais presentes e bem aceitos, inclusive por professores, podendo ser considerados instrumentos de educação.
LIVESTOCK GRAZING REDUCES SOIL QUALITY AND THREATENS RECOVERY OF A DEGRADED ANDEAN ARAUCARIA FOREST.
Authors: Crovo Oscar , Costa-Reidel Clara da , Rodríguez Rolando , Aburto Felipe
Published: March 2021

Araucaria araucana is an iconic long-lived endangered tree species
exclusively distributed in Southern Chile and Argentina. Araucaria
forest ecosystems provide a myriad of ecosystem benefits to local
aboriginal Mapuche-Pehuenche communities. Among the main current threats
for Araucaria forests are the increasing frequency and severity of
wildfires and overgrazing. This study evaluates the effect of
uncontrolled livestock grazing on soil quality indicators linked to
critical functions relevant to forest regeneration and ecosystem service
provision. We also aim to determine a set of soil quality indicators
that are sensitive enough to grazing pressure, so they are useful as
early indicators of degradation or the effectiveness of restoration
practices. This study evaluated twenty soil quality indicators in two
contiguous degraded forest areas with contrasting grazing pressure. We
observed a substantial shift in forest structure, a reduction in tree
coverage on the overgrazed sites. Overgrazing has produced significant
deterioration of most soil physical, chemical, and biological quality
indicators making soil conditions less suitable for seed germination and
sapling establishment. We also observed an alteration in C, N, and P
biogeochemical pools. Besides, soil physical indicators alterations
suggest changes in these soils’ hydrological behavior, potentially
reducing water storage, availability, and increasing runoff. We show
that uncontrolled grazing in native protected areas degrades soils and
forest health, restricting forest regeneration and potentially
accelerating erosive processes. Our results emphasized the need for an
improved conservation plan for these forests that systematically
evaluates and monitors livestock grazing and all its direct and indirect
effects, including soil quality.
Sensorized Foam Actuator with Intrinsic Proprioception and Tunable Stiffness Behavior for Soft Robots
Authors: Babu* Saravana Prashanth Murali , Visentin Francesco , Sadeghi Ali , Mondini Alessio , Meder Fabian , Mazzolai* Barbara
Published: March 2021

This Supporting information includes:

1. Component Selection and Performance of SFA

2. Actuator Manufacturing and Preparation of Conductive Ink

3. Average Thickness of Conductive Coating layer on PU Foam

4. Time Response of the Actuator in Different Modes

5. Characterization and Experimental Setup

6. Measurement and Data Analysis

7. Design Specifications of Soft Robotic Applications

8. Supporting Video

 Corresponding author Email: 
saravanaprashanth@outlook.com,
barbara.mazzolai@iit.it
Application of CLN-IgG/Pritumumab against COVID-19 Infectivity from the Aspect of Tumor-PIVIEMT Scheme
Authors: AV Hugwil
Published: March 2021

The touch/tactile sensor PIEZO1/2 and vimentin network is the critical conduit for COVID-19 virus infectivity. Coordination of PIEZO1/2 and vimentin network in regard to EMT/MET which is actual accordance of PIVEMT is critical for stem cell sustenance and wound healing of the injured cells and tissues in inflammation. On the contrary PIVIEMT discordance, deteriorated PIEZO1/2-Vimentin network, provokes pathogenic symptoms such as severe autoimmunopathies. From this aspect imminent treatment is necessary to recuperate the patients from onset of pathogens and/or neoplasms by use of chaperonic antibody that is able to restore/resile the pathogenic PIVIEMT as seen in the clinical trials against brain tumor patients with repetitive administration of the natural human monoclonal antibody CLN-IgG/Pritumumab. Targeting the virus conduit with the chaperonic antibody is highly expected for not only shutting down the virus infectivity but also augmentation of the antibody-directed vaccination against virus propagation.
Cyclical Nurse Scheduling in Shah Alam Hospital Using Goal Programming
Authors: Mohd Nasir Diana Sirmayunie , Che Baharom Nurul Hahani , Shafii Nor Hayati , Mohamad Nor Nor Azriani
Published: March 2021

A shift work schedule is extremely important to obtain the optimum result of work allocation since it involves 24 hours of continuous services. Every nurse could not avoid shift work schedule since their services are very important towards the patients in the hospital. The major objective of the study is to propose a cyclical nurse scheduling in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) at Shah Alam hospital using Goal Programming. It is to help the head nurse to spend less effort on building new schedules periodically and increase the satisfaction among nurses by providing fairness towards their schedules. There were nine hard constraints and three soft constraints for the nurse scheduling model. The results presented the optimal solution where all goals were achieved thus, it provided a fair schedule for 15 nurses in 15 days. Then, the schedule pattern was rotated among nurses based on the 15 schedules set in 225 days. The first schedule set will be used by the nurse for the first 15 days, then will be continuously rotated for another 15 days until all the nurses reached and experienced every 15 sets of the schedule. The schedule was generated using LINGO software which it took a short time to solve the problem.
Cumulative Fatigue damage of AA7075-T6 under Shot Peening and Ultrasonic Surface Treatments
Authors: S. Mahammed Marwa , J. Alalkawi Hussain , T. Faris Saad
Published: March 2021

One of the important aspects of mechanical design is improving fatigue life.; In this work, the effect of Ultrasonic impact treatment (UIP) and shot peening (SP)on constant cumulative fatigue life and fatigue strength of AA7075-T6 were studied; The sample group was machined and primed, and some specimens were treated using ultrasonic impact therapy (UIT) with one line of peening. Fatigue experiments were conducted under constant and variable amplitude (R=-1) at ambient temperature to determine the fatigue life of the S-N curve and fatigue strength during treatment 3.46% and 8.57% at 107 cycles for (UIT) and (SP). Cumulative fatigue damage testing was carried out for two steps loading it is observed that the fatigue life for SP and UIP treated specimens was improved compared to the unpeeled results. The fatigue endurance limit was enhanced by 35% for UIT and 54% for SP. The fatigue life for both treatments was much improved compared to as-received metal. These results also show a strong tendency of increasing fatigue strength after application of (UIT) and (SP) with an increase in mechanical properties of the material used.
Influence of Spacing and Cross-Sectional Shaft of Screw Piles Group on Lateral Capacity
Authors: Subhi Azhar , O. Abbas Hassan
Published: March 2021

Although there are several high-capacity screw piles in use currently, there are few studies on their lateral performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the lateral behaviour of several models of screw pile group (1×2), (2×1), and (2×2) embedded in soft clay and extended to stiff clay under lateral static load. Three spacing between pile (1.5, 3, and 4.5) Dh (helix diameter) with a shaft diameter of 10 mm, single and double helix, and embedded length ratio L/d 40 were used. The results showed that increasing the number of the piles in the group had a larger effect, the lateral resistance of group (2×2) increase to about (2.5 and 3.2) times more than groups (2×1) and (1×2) respectively. While the increase of pile spacing in the groups from (1.5 Dh) to (3 and 4.5 Dh) increases the lateral resistance about 6-23% and 16-52% respectively. Also, the result showed that the screw pile with double helix gives an increase in lateral resistance about 3-8% from the single helix.
Pozycja ustrojowa Rady Ministrów w partyjnych projektach… Konstytucji Czwartej Rzeczypospolitej z lat 2004–2013
Authors: Kallas Marian
Published: March 2021

The article begins with a succinct characteristic of the political position of the Council of Ministers as determined by the Constitution of the Republic of Poland dated 2 April 1997. The next portion of the text discusses the constitutional program of the Prawo i Sprawiedliwość [PiS, Eng. Law and Justice] party in 2003. It is an introduction to presenting the suggested political position of the government in non-parliamentary party projects of the Constitution in the years 2004–2013 (five texts publically available). Particular attention was devoted to PiS drafts of the Basic Law of 2005 and 2010 as coming from the ruling party in the years 2005–2007 and again since 2015.
State of the art in cavitation erosion studies
Authors:   Krylov State Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia, Pustoshny A.
Published: March 2021

Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses cavitation erosion on propeller blades. The purpose of this work is to review and analyse modern studies on cavitation erosion, as well as to apply these research results for better under-standing of cavitation damage risk on full-scale propellers. Materials and methods. The paper reviews recent studies on cavitation erosion, as well as the author’s own findings in cavitation erosion on full-scale steel propellers, analyzing the energy needed to create cavitation damage of recorded size. This energy was calculated as per the model based on the results of metallurgical studies discussing the effect of shot blasting upon steel properties. Comparison of these results with those obtained as per classic formulae for the collapse energy of cavita-tion bubble made it possible to estimate the conditions of cavitation erosion on propeller blades. Main results. The review of recent studies on cavitation erosion has shown that current progress in the technologies of experimental studies and computer-based simulations made it possible to considerably improve the knowledge about cavitation erosion process as compared to the level of the 20th century. This review shows that cavitation erosion studies followed three practically independent paths: experimental studies and computer-based simulation of flow around propeller blades with locali-zation of peaks for one or several criteria reflecting the intensity of cavitation energy fluctuations; the studies intended to esti-mate the pressure exerted by collapsing cavitation bubbles and emerging cumulative jets; and finally, the studies on the proper-ties of materials affected by cumulative jets and collapsing bubbles. At this point, it would be practicable to merge these three paths using the results of full-scale cavitation erosion analysis for propellers. KSRC findings in cavitation damage of full-scale steel propeller has shown that cavitation damage recorded in these studies might occur due to a certain combination between the required energy, bubble-blade interaction pressure and the size of affect-ed area on steel blade surface, and this combination, in its turn, might take place when cavitation bubbles consisting of vapour fraction with partial air content hit the blade surface and collapse. Conclusion. This paper shows the capabilities of modern research methods in obtaining new data on the inception mecha-nism of cavitation erosion. Still, to develop the methods for prediction of cavitation erosion (in particular, on propellers), it is necessary to merge the results obtained in different branches of cavitation studies. The basis for this merging could become a power-based analysis of cavitation processes, with help of the cavitation erosion model suggested in this paper and based on the similarity between cavitation erosion and shot-blasting.
PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO E CONHECIMENTO DE GESTANTES SOBRE ALEITAMENTO MATERNO EM UM MUNICÍPIO DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Barros Karina Rodrigues de Sousa , Andrade Patrícia Soares Pereira de , Santos Jéssica Pereira dos , Monteiro Kerla Joeline Lima , Sousa Ranieri Flávio Viana de , Nascimento Elaine Ferreira do , Bacelar Polyanna Araújo ALves
Published: March 2021

O aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) propicia saúde ao recém-nascido e à mulher, fortalece o vínculo mãe e filho e leva à redução na mortalidade infantil. O objetivo foi identificar o perfil e os conhecimentos sobre aleitamento materno de gestantes atendidas em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) durante o pré-natal, no município de Gilbués, Piauí, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa coletada por meio de um questionário sobre características sociodemográficas e conhecimentos em relação ao aleitamento materno. O estudo foi realizado em 40 gestantes nas UBS dos bairros São José e Santo Antônio. Destas, 75% estavam na segunda gestação ou mais e 47,5% no segundo trimestre gestacional.  A maioria apresentou idade entre 18 e 30 anos, eram solteiras, possuíam apenas o ensino fundamental, não exerciam atividade profissional e possuíam renda familiar de até um salário mínimo. Quanto aos conhecimentos sobre aleitamento materno, houve orientação no pré-natal, porém com pouca incorporação acerca dos benefícios que o AME também pode proporcionar à mãe. Apontou-se ainda as dúvidas e/ou inseguranças das gestantes sobre amamentação. As atividades de educação em saúde no pré-natal são fundamentais para a saúde da criança e da mulher promovendo estratégias de promoção, apoio e incentivo ao aleitamento materno.
COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL DE ADOLESCENTES PÓS-PÚBERES AVALIADA PELA ABSORTOMETRIA RADIOLÓGICA DE DUPLA ENERGIA E RELAÇÕES COM A IDADE CRONOLÓGICA
Authors: Fonseca-Junior Sidnei Jorge , Dias Neto José Marinho Marques , Vasconcellos Marcelo Barros , Martinez Eduardo Camillo , Nascimento Maria Aparecida de Luca
Published: March 2021

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a composição corporal com utilização do DXA e correlacioná-la com a idade cronológica em adolescentes pós-púberes, de ambos os sexos. Participaram da pesquisa 46 adolescentes em fase pós-puberal, sendo 27 meninas (17,23±0,98) e 19 meninos (17,65±0,74) de ensino médio de uma escola estadual da Zona Sul da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foram realizadas uma anamnese, avaliação antropométrica e o DXA para avaliações. O teste U de Mann Withiney e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman foram utilizados, adotando P<0,05 para significância. Verificou-se que as meninas apresentam composição corporal diferente dos meninos (P<0,05) e que com o aumento da idade elas tendem a diminuir o percentual de gordura, embora tenha sido observado um quantitativo alto de meninas com percentual de gordura elevado. Os meninos apresentaram uma tendência de aumento do percentual de gordura e da massa magra com o aumento da idade. As medidas de conteúdo e densidade mineral ósseo dentro da normalidade, com tendência de aumento com o avanço da idade cronológica. Conclui-se que os grupos masculino e feminino apresentaram comportamentos diferenciados quanto à composição corporal e os valores apresentados trazem mais um complemento à literatura a respeito de referências para a composição corporal, obtida com o DXA, em adolescentes pós-púberes.
ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE A FORÇA MUSCULAR E A CAPACIDADE CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA COM A FADIGA DE MULHERES
Authors: Henz Fabiane , Fin Leonardo , Tiggemann Carlos Leandro
Published: March 2021

A prática de exercícios físicos é um importante componente na prevenção e tratamento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, além disso, parece ser um importante componente na diminuição das sensações de fadiga. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os níveis de fadiga entre mulheres sedentárias, praticantes de treinamento de força e treinamento aeróbico, bem como, verificar a associação entre os níveis de força muscular e capacidade cardiorrespiratória com a sensação de fadiga. Procedimentos metodológicos: a amostra foi constituída de 45 mulheres saudáveis, sendo 15 sedentárias (GSED), 15 mulheres treinadas aerobicamente (GAER) e 15 mulheres treinadas em força (GFOR). A fadiga foi avaliada por meio do Questionário de Fadiga de Chalder, sendo a força máxima de membros superiores e inferiores avaliada por meio do teste de uma repetição máxima estimada (1RM), e a capacidade cardiorrespiratória por meio do teste de milha. Resultados: Os grupos treinados apresentaram valores superiores na aptidão física e valores significativamente inferiores (p<0,05) quanto aos níveis de fadiga quando comparados ao GSED (3,40±3,27 vs 0,53±0,92 GFOR, e 1,60±2,44 pts GAER). Quando analisados os dados em grupo único (n=45), constatou-se uma moderada correlação negativa entre a variável força de membro superior (r =-0,470; p<0,001) e inferior (r=-0,416; p = 0,004) com os escores de fadiga. Podemos concluir que mulheres treinadas tendem a ter melhores níveis de força e capacidade cardiorrespiratória, apresentando menores níveis de fadiga comparada a mulheres sedentárias.
Patenting in medical sphere
Authors: Gavrilov Vladimir Nikolaevich , Kovaleva Rimma Vladimirovna , Denisultanov Islam Salaudinovich
Published: March 2021

This article is dedicated to examination of patenting in one of the crucial spheres of life – medicine. Currently, the majority of countries, including Russia, send multiple patent requests for inventions that are important for restoration and support of human health. In compliance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation until 2024, it is planned that with regards of the number of patent applications for inventions Russia should shift to the fifth place worldwide. The subject of this research is the analysis of patent activity of inventors in medical sphere on the example of spinal neurosurgery. The history of patenting of the developments in medical sector in Russia is explored. The statistical data on patent applications from such countries as China, United States, Japan and South Korea is examined. The main goal of this work is to emphasize the importance of the developments in this sphere. The conclusion is made that Russian inventors can hold leading positions in the international market, but this requires giving due attention to patent legal protection of the inventions, as well as developing a set of measures that in one way or another would contribute to the export of inventions, copyright protection, and stimulation of their activity.
Digital sociology and examination of social mechanisms on the Internet space
Authors: Polyakova Aleksandra Grigorievna
Published: March 2021

The distribution of new types of secondary sociological information actualizes the role of digital sociology and generates new opportunities for the analysis. Digital sociology, as a subject of research, is viewed as an interdisciplinary direction focused on the social effects, which are generated by the advancement of information and communication technologies and phenomena. The existence of such effects is predetermined by the development of a digital environment than involves various actors. Therefore, the computer modeling of social mechanisms receives increased attention, as the study of its results has considerable potential, and groundwork has been laid for monitoring of socioeconomic processes through reconfiguration of the existing information cascades. The methodological framework is comprised of the general scientific methods, including structural-functional and causal substantiation of the patterns, complementarity of the objective and subjective sides of the social processes. Special methods are presented by the analysis of social networks. The research aims to determine the possibility and prerequisites for creating the information system based on the principles of digital sociology and big data, as well as on the network analysis of the processes and phenomena. Thus, the solution of such task, as the examination of social mechanisms projected on the Internet space, prompted the creation of information system founded on the principles of digital sociology, synergy of the authorities and society, as well as contributed to establishment of the basis for the new model of administrative decision-making, which observes the interests of its subject and characterized by the comprehensive operating information support.
Bewertungen – Erwartungen – Gebrauch. Sprachgebrauchsnormen zur inneren Mehrsprachigkeit an der Universität
Authors: Vergeiner Philip C.
Published: March 2021

Inwiefern regeln soziale Normen den Gebrauch unterschiedlicher Varietäten in der Hochschullehre? Philip C. Vergeiner untersucht dies in seiner Fallstudie zur Universität Salzburg schwerpunktmäßig für die lautliche Variation im Deutschen auf der Dialekt-/Standardachse. Am Beginn der Arbeit entwickelt er eine praxeologische Normkonzeption, der zufolge durch den Rückbezug von Handlungsregelmäßigkeiten auf normative Wertungen und Erwartungen auf das Vorhandensein sozialer Normen geschlossen werden kann. Um in diesem Sinne Sprachgebrauchsnormen aufzudecken, verwendet Vergeiner ein Mixed-Methods-Design, welches objekt- und metasprachliche Daten trianguliert: Neben einer quantitativ-statistischen Analyse von Fragebögen und einer Inhaltsanalyse von Interviews, um den normativen Diskurs freizulegen, untersucht er den tatsächlichen Sprachgebrauch anhand universitärer Lehrveranstaltungen.
THE GROUNDS FOR METROPOLITAN COOPERATION. A CASE STUDY OF THE GDAŃSK-GDYNIA-SOPOT METROPOLITAN AREA
Authors: GAJEWSKI Rafał
Published: March 2021

The process of institutionalization of metropolitan cooperation within the metropolitan area around Gdańsk has been the subject of a debate with the participation of local representatives of various sectors. Currently, the main entity carrying out activities on a metropolitan scale is the Gdańsk-Gdynia-Sopot Metropolitan Area Association. It has been responsible for a series of bottom-up projects, implementation of the Integrated Territorial Investments mechanism, as well as lobbying towards establishing a metropolitan union in Pomeranian Voivodship. The article describes the current conditionings that seem to be the most important for the spatial extent and objects of the cooperation in the context of the foregoing metropolitan discourse.
Bezpieczeństwo ludzi i mienia w Poznaniu
Authors: Mierzejewska Lidia
Published: March 2021

Zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa i porządku publicznego należy do zadań władzy publicznej mających bardzo długi rodowód. Wiąże się to zapewne z faktem, iż potrzeba bezpieczeństwa jest jedną z fundamentalnych potrzeb człowieka, której zaspokojenie decyduje w dużej mierze o jakości życia. Z tego też względu władza publiczna podejmuje liczne działania, których celem jest ochrona jednostki i społeczeństwa oraz ich mienia przed niebezpieczeństwami grożącymi ze strony gwałtownych czynów ludzi oraz gwałtownych działań sią przyrody (Bolesta 1983, s. 236, Olejniczak-Sza³owska 2009). Ochrona ludzi i ich mienia przed wszelką agresją, w tym przed klęskami żywiołowymi, takimi jak powodzie, trzęsienia ziemi, huragany, a także przed agresją ze strony marginesu społecznego, jest też jednym z podstawowych celów gospodarki przestrzennej. Zgodnie z polskimi regulacjami prawnymi zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa oraz porządku publicznego jest jednym z zadań własnych gminy, w tym także miejskiej. W celu jego realizacji władze miejskie organizują funkcjonowanie odpowiednich służb do tego powołanych, takich jak policja, straż pożarna, zespoły ratownictwa medycznego, straże miejskie itp. Bezpieczeństwo mieszkańców oraz niski stopień przestępczości świadczą bowiem nie tylko o poziomie rozwoju cywilizacyjno-kulturowego miasta, ale także o jego atrakcyjnoTmci zarówno dla obecnych, jak i przyszłych mieszkańców i potencjalnych inwestorów. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest określenie roli, jaką odgrywa bezpieczeństwo we współczesnym świecie, a także przeprowadzenie krótkiej analizy bezpieczeństwa ludzi i mienia w Poznaniu oraz zmian, jakie zaszły w tym względzie od początku lat 90. XX w. Badanie polegać będzie jednak nie na określeniu z założenia subiektywnego poczucia bezpieczeństwa mieszkańców, ale na cechach obiektywnych, takich jak liczba popełnianych przestępstw czy liczba i struktura interwencji podejmowanych przez wybrane służby powołane do zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa w Poznaniu.
Dworzec kolejowy jako element przestrzeni wymiany w dużych miastach europejskich
Authors: Kosmowski Piotr
Published: March 2021

Funkcje wymiany charakteryzują miasta od tysięcy lat. Przez wieki większość handlu odbywała się w obrębie rynku i jego sąsiedztwie, na którym spotykali się sprzedający z kupującymi. Jak słusznie zauważa J. Słodczyk (2012), wraz z postępem technologicznym zmienia się forma miasta. Od ponad 170 lat (od momentu gwałtownego rozwoju i wzrostu znaczenia transportu kolejowego) konkurencją dla rynków miejskich stały się w dużych miastach dworce kolejowe. Celem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie, które funkcje wymiany i w jakim stopniu przejęły od rynków miejskich dworce kolejowe. Analizę przeprowadzono na podstawie empirycznych studiów przypadku dla czterech europejskich dworców: Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles (Francja), Leipzig Hauptbahnhof (Niemcy), Warszawa Centralna (Polska) i Wien Hauptbahnhof (Austria), w których zidentyfikowano retrospektywnie cechy i etapy rozwoju funkcji wymiany. Rezultaty badań pozwalają stwierdzić, że dworzec kolejowy integruje przestrzeń miejską, a nie tylko służy do wymiany podróżnych
Analiza potrzeb i mozliwości rozwoju gminy - efektywność w przeciwdziałaniu eksurbanizacji
Authors: Maliszewski Cezary Piotr
Published: March 2021

Niekontrolowane rozprzestrzenianie się zabudowy niesie ze sobą wiele negatywnych skutków przestrzennych, ekonomicznych i społecznych. Przeciwdziałając temu zjawisku, w ramach zidentyfiko-wanych w Koncepcji Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju wad studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania gmin, w 2015 r. wprowadzono obligatoryjny zakres przeprowadzanych analiz potrzeb i możliwości rozwoju gminy. W artykule poddano ocenie spektrum zmian przepisów oraz opracowane na ich podstawie metodologie sporządzania przedmiotowych analiz. Efekty wprowadzenia regulacji prawnych zostały skonfrontowane z rolą studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gmin oraz jego rangą w odniesieniu do pozostałych instrumentów planistycznych.
Sytuacja małych miast w gospodarce Dolnego Śląska
Authors: Korenik Stanisław
Published: March 2021

W dotychczasowym rozwoju regionu dolnośląskiego istotną rolę odegrały małe miasta. Jednak przełom wieków a także 17 lat nowego wieku w większości z nich przyniósł pogorszenie sytuacji w stosunku do średniej regionu. Potencjał demograficzny jak i ekonomiczny tych elementów struktury osadniczej regionu jest wykorzystany na niezadowalającym poziomie. Okres transformacji, zapoczątkowany w roku 1989, jeszcze pogłębił trudności występujących w tych miastach a absorpcja funduszy UE nie zmieniła znacząco ich położenia gospodarczego. Okazuje się jednak, że małe miasta, które posiadają jasno określoną funkcję ekonomiczną, są miejscem realizacji dużych przedsięwzięć polityki regionalnej lub położone są w zasięgu oddziaływania dużych miast funkcjonują w ujęciu gospodarczym znacznie lepiej jak pozostałe
Development and validation of humming process to increase heart rate variability & attention for college students
Authors: Fariburz Z Irani , Gunjan Y Trivedi , Neeta Sinha
Published: March 2021

Aim: The objective of the study was to compare the impact of daily 10 min humming practice for one week on heart-brain coherence and attention on college students. Methodology: The evidence indicates that increased heart-brain coherence facilitates better emotional regulation and thereby increases attention. Simple humming practice was identified as a method to increase the heart-brain coherence. Each student was assigned randomly to an experimental group or control group. The experimental group (n= 15) performed 10-minutes humming daily for 7 days and the control group (n=15) was not asked to do anything. 10-minute humming was simplified Bhramari practice with total breath duration of 13 seconds based on short training. SDMT (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) and Heart Brain Coherence (using Emwave Pro Device by HeartMath Inc.) was conducted for both the groups on Day 1 and Day 7. Statistical analysis was conducted using student-t test to understand the results. Results: For the experimental group, there was statistically significant improvement in both “Coherence” and “SDMT” score on Day 7 (compared to Day 1, p<.05). For control group, the change in both parameters was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The results confirm that a short duration humming practice just for one week can increase the heart-brain coherence and Heart Rate Variability and has a significant impact on increasing attention amongst the college students. These findings can be leveraged to facilitate better concentration and potentially increased performance for college students.
Application of Lightning Breakdown Simulation in Inversion of Induced Fracture Network Morphology in Stimulated Reservoirs
Authors: Hui Zhao , Guanglong Sheng , Luoyi Huang , Xun Zhong , Jingang Fu , Yuhui Zhou , Jialing Ma , Jiayu Ruan , Zhouxiang Hu , Shumin Sun
Published: March 2021

Accurately characterizing fracture network morphology is necessary for flow simulation and fracturing evaluation. The complex natural fractures and reservoir heterogeneity in unconventional reservoirs make the induced fracture network resulting from hydraulic fracturing more difficult to describe. Existing fracture propagation simulation and fracture network inversion methods cannot accurately match actual fracture network morphology. Considering the lightning breakdown similar as fracture propagation, a new efficient approach for inversion of fracture network morphology is proposed. Based on the dielectric breakdown model (DBM) for lightning breakdown simulation and similarity principle, an induced fracture propagation algorithm integrating reservoir in-situ stress, rock mechanical parameters, and stress shadow effect is proposed. The fractal index and random function are coupled to quantitatively characterize the probability distribution of induced fracture propagation path. At the same time, a matching rate function is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the fitting between fracture network morphology and the micro seismic data. Combined with automatic history matching method, the actual fracture network morphology can be inverted with the matching rate as objective function. The proposed approach is applied to fracture network simulation of mult-fractured horizontal wells of shale oil reservoir in China, and the fracture networks from inversion fit well with the micro seismic data. A simulation of 94 fractures in the 32 section of Well X2 shows that the well propagates more obvious branch fractures. The single-wing fracture network communicates approximately 200m horizontally and approximately 10m vertically. In single fracture flow simulation, it is necessary to consider the influence of complex fracture network morphology, but when simulating fluid flow for a single well or even a reservoir, only the main fracture needs to be considered. This paper proposes an induced fracture propagation algorithm that integrates reservoir in-situ stress, rock mechanical parameters, and stress shadowing effects. This algorithm greatly improves the calculation efficiency on the premise of ensuring the accuracy of induced fracture network morphology. The approach in this paper provides a theoretical basis for flow simulation of stimulated reservoirs and optimization of fracture networks.
Research and Application of High Efficiency Drilling Technology in Condensate Gas Field in Bohai Oilfield
Authors: Dou Peng , Zhang Xiaocheng , Cui Guojie , Xie Tao , Zhu Guowei , Huo Hongbo , Tang Baisong , Lin Hai , Wang Hongyu , Han Xiaodong , Liu Hao
Published: March 2021

An oil-bearing structure in the southwest of Bozhong Sag in Bohai Oilfield contains large oil and gas reserves. It will be a key area for Bohai oilfield to increase reserves production. The main target layer in this block is the fractured granite formation in buried hill. Exploration work in this block is faced with many operational problems such as "deep burial, high temperature and high pressure (HTHP), low penetration rate, difficult reservoir protection, and low accuracy interface determination". Through technical research and field practice, aiming at "all well sections drilling rate speed-up, operation safely and efficiently, and releasing production capacity", a set of key technology system suitable for offshore oilfield deep exploration is formed. Since the application of this technology system, it has effectively improved the efficiency of well construction, greatly reduced the cost of exploration and operation, facilitated the discovery of oil and gas in multiple mid-depth strata. It has achieved a good operation effect on social and economic benefit.
An Innovative Deployment Technique to Optimize Logging Conveyance and Improve Data Quality
Authors: Larbi Zeghlache Mohamed , Ida Hermawan Manuab , Benslimani Abderrahmane , Thatha Rajesh
Published: March 2021

Wireline logging in a complex well profile, such as extended reach drilling (ERD) wells, presents many challenges for conveyance and data quality. Traditional pipe conveyed logging (PCL) or coiled tubing (CT) are prohibitive in terms of rig time, operational complexity and cost. Alternatively, tractor conveyance is limited by the available force in long laterals. Tools and accessories create higher friction and might jeopardize tool position in the horizontal section. Consequently, both data quality and reaching total depth are compromised. This paper details an innovative deployment technique using oriented wheels to address these challenges.

The new centralizing system, comprised of bespoke wheeled carriages, takes a holistic approach to tool conveyance, reducing drag while ensuring optimum sensor orientation. Tool position is achieved through management of tool center of gravity, relative to the wheel axes. The idea of "centralizing by decentralizing" uses the wheeled carriages instead of bow spring centralizers. An eccentered counterweight is included to ensure the proper orientation of the logging sensors.

In addition to improving data quality with proper centralization, the wheels minimize friction and the required force to push the toolstring when combined with a tractor. This enables the toolstring to safely and efficiently reach the well bottom and avoid multiple attempts and associated downhole failures. In the planning phase, calibrated software simulation parameters for this technique help to predict free-fall depth and required tractoring force.

The wheeled carriages were deployed in an ERD well for cement evaluation across a 9-5/8" casing and could reach a world record of 85° by gravity. The reduced friction and optimized tool position resulted in higher tractor force margins; and so a net gain in the overall tractoring distance. Also, the low drag and surface tension enabled a sufficient pull capacity with a minimum drive combination. For data acquisition, this deployment enabled a minimum eccentricity, resulting in better cement evaluation data quality and reduced uncertainty related to interpretation. In addition to these benefits, a tangible and direct savings of rig time has improved safety, operational efficiency and well delivery KPIs. Oriented wheels with tractors were deployed in other challenging environments and showed consistent and reliable results.

This innovative technique can be deployed in both open-hole and cased-hole with fitted design depending on the borehole size, well profile and complexity of the toolstring configuration.
Application Research of Engineering Construction Standardisation in an Oilfield Development Adjusting Project in Bohai Sea
Authors: Lu Ping , Wan Yufei , Qu Zhaoguang , Huang Yan , Tang Ningyi , Wang Wenguang
Published: March 2021

In order to improve the efficiency and economic benefits of oilfield development, the researchers applied the standardisation achievements of Bohai oilfield engineering construction in the preliminary research and basic design of an oilfield development adjusting project in Bohai Sea for the first time. The application research mainly contains the topside, jacket, living quarter and workover rig of the project. In which, the topside and jacket are researched based on the standardisation achievements of Eight-Legged Central Platform Type B, the living quarter applies the standardised 60 persons living quarter and the workover rig adopts the achievements of workover rig HJX180D. Meanwhile, some optimizations and adjustments are carried out according to the actual needs. Through the application research, the basic design of the new platform is basically consistent with the standardised platform, and some settings are optimized and adjusted. Then the comparison and differences of the settings are analyzed between the two platforms, and the improvement measures are proposed for better application of standardisation achievements. Through the full application research of the standardisation achievements of Bohai oilfield engineering construction, the project is conducive to the improvement of the efficiency and quality in management, research design, procurement and platform construction. As a result, it can save the construction period and cost, and improve the overall economic benefits of the oilfield development. Through the application of the standardised drawings and documents of the standardised topside, jacket, living quarter, workover rig and main equipment, the design period is shortened by 3 months comparing with the conventional period. Moreover, the standardised design of the main structural materials and equipment not only can save the procurement time and reduce cost, but also can facilitate the process management of the equipment and materials. Therefore, the economic benefits of the oilfield are effectively improved, which can provide strong support for the smooth production of the oilfield. The experience accumulated in the application research of standardisation achievements in this project can provide some reference value for the promotion and application of similar projects in the future.
Defining Heterogeneity and Compartmentalisation Predictions of Minor Reservoirs in Fluvial Environments: Geological and Dynamic Context
Authors: Zulkifli Nur Azah , Chisholm Lisa Claire , M Yusoff Amy Mawarni , Kosnon Nur Khairina , Mohd Azkah Mohd Zubair , M Diah Mohd Amri
Published: March 2021

Reservoirs in MN Field comprise predominantly fluvial delta deposits. A number of reservoir modeling studies have been performed for major reservoirs, however, there are still challenges to be addressed. After 20 plus years of production, a project for minor reservoirs has been crafted based on the understanding and challenges of major reservoirs. The primary objective of this study was to improve the understanding of the uncertainties impacting the well performance and reservoir connectivity; and to find potential infill opportunities.

A 2D conceptual modelling approach was used as a practical way to incorporate the static and dynamic data of logs, core, seismic and pressure data. Taking the lessons learned from the major reservoir performances, this study focused on the fluvial reservoir sedimentology to address and decrease the uncertainties through the different scales of heterogeneity. Consequently, depositional facies maps were developed with the integration of geophysical study and interpretation derived from seismic analysis. These integrated depositional facies maps were then further refined with the well production data and scenarios of multiple compartments from multiple iterations to fit into the conceptual models of this field.

Refined paleo depositional maps for these minor reservoirs allowed for a better understanding on reservoir heterogeneities and further improved the geological understanding. This fundamental study can show us a more precise distribution and tendency of the sand and the scales of heterogeneity with different depositional facies. However, capturing and preserving the different levels of heterogeneities and compartmentalization is complex for some thin sand reservoirs which are below seismic resolution and have low correlation of reservoir properties-seismic response. Additionally, multiple compartments were inferred due to pressure difference and multiple contacts within a reservoir. This was further complicated by the uncertainty in log interpretation due to inadequacy of high confidence data (DST/fluid sampling), suppressed resistivity from shaly sands and below log resolution of thin beds. Despite of these issues and challenges, with integration of all the data available and rigorous team discussions; the minor reservoirs depo-facies, static and dynamic compartmentalization were finalized, leading to enhancement of reservoir prediction, communication and quality.
A New Approach To Improve The Assessments of CO2 Geo-Sequestration Capacity of Clay Minerals
Authors: Al-Khdheeawi Emad A. , Fauziah Cut Aja , Mahdi Doaa Saleh , Barifcani Ahmed
Published: March 2021

CO2 geological storage (CCS)isconsidered as the most promising technique to reduce atmospheric CO2emissions. However, due to the density variation between the injected supercritical CO2 and the formation water,CO2 tends to move vertically toward the air. This vertical CO2 leakage can be prevented by four trapping mechanisms (i.e. structural trapping,capillary trapping, solubility trapping, and mineral trapping). The capacities of structural and residual trapping are highly affected by rock wettability. Clay wettability is one of the crucial parametersin evaluation of CO2 geo-sequestration. However, the literature data show that there are many uncertainties associated with experimental measurements. One of these uncertainties is the influenceof the effect of gas density on the clay mineral wettability. Thus, here, we compared the wettability of a clay mineral (i.e. illite) of three different gas densities scenarios (i.e. low (Helium), moderate (Nitrogen), and high (CO2) gas densities). To do so, we measured the advancing and receding contact angle (i.e. wettability) of illite for CO2/water, nitrogen/water, and Helium/water systems at a constant (333 K) and four different pressures (5, 10, 15, and 20 MPa). The brine composition used was 4 wt% NaCl, 4 wt% CaCl2, 1 wt% MgCl2 and 1 wt% KCl, for all gas density scenarios. The results indicate that gas density has a significant effect on the clay mineral wettability and that both advancing and receding contact angles increase with an increase in gas density. The results show that a higher density gas scenario has a higher contact angle of illite, measured at the same temperature and pressure. For instance, the advancing contact angle of illite at 333 K and 20 MPa was 65° for the CO2/water system, 53° for the nitrogen/water system, and 50° for Helium/water Helium/water system. Thus, we conclude that the gas density affects the Clay wettability measurement and that the higher gas density leads to a higher contact angle measurements (i.e. a more CO2-wet system) of the clay and thus reduces the estimated CO2 geo-sequestration capacity and containment security.
Dissolution Facies Window Identification of Carbonate Gas Reservoir by Using Electrical Image Logs: A Case Study from Sichuan Basin
Authors: Xie Bing , Lai Qiang , Mo Jing , Bai Li , Luo Wenjun , Wang Dali , Wang Yue , Li Kaixuan
Published: March 2021

Predicted reservoir results from conventional methods didn’t match the production performance in GS B well block in the Lower Sinian Dengying dolomite formation. The predicted gas production of vertical well is around 500k m3/day, but the real gas production is below 100k m3/day. In GS A well block, the predicted gas production of vertical well is consistent with the real gas production around 500k m3/day, and when meter cavie develops, test gas production can reach 1000k m3/day. It suggests the biggest challenge is to clarify reservoir characterization in GS B well block.

However, due to the limited resolution of conventional logs and strong heterogeneity of carbonate reservoir, conventional open hole logs and seismic data has limitation to provide the details of secondary pore and fractures to clarify reservoir characterization. The electrical image logs provide high resolution images with high borehole coverage. It can provide abundant information about secondary pore and fracture to identify dominant dissolution facies window.

Through electrical image logs, secondary pore and fracture classification in 50 vertical wells were performed in the Lower Sinian Dengying dolomite formation. Five facies were detected based on electrical image logs, including vug facies (honeycomb vug facies, algal stromatolite vug facies and bedding vug facies), cave facies, fracture-vug facies, massive dense facies and dark thin layer dense facies. With the five facies and top interface constraints from seismic data, 3D dissolution facies model was created, which can show different dissolution facies window of GS A and GS B well block. The method in this paper reveals the reason of confliction and agree test gas production.

The case study presents how to identify five dissolution facies based on high-resolution electrical image logs with core data calibration. Besides, 3D dissolution facies model is created to show dissolution facies window of GS B well block to optimize well trajectory deployment during the development stage. Better understanding of reservoir characterization was instructive for acid fracturing design of Dengying dolomite gas reservoir as well.
Low Cost Solution to Increase the C2 & C3 Product Recovery from LNG Feed
Authors: Gunasekaran Sharmila , Jakkulwar Avi , Pradhan Samit , Bilgrami Farukh , Sengupta Partha , Sarma Manepalli Sri , Raman Ravi
Published: March 2021

An operating methane/ethane recovery plant from Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) feed was facing limitations to process design throughput due to a variation in operating parameter of LNG feed. About 92% of design capacity of LNG feed is only being processed as flooding is observed inside the Demethanizer column, eventually leading to tripping of the plant. The limitations in the throughput has direct implication on the revenue as lesser throughput reduces the product generation. Various field trials were attempted within the existing setup to increase the throughput to the plant, however the throughout could not be increased. Operating an LNG plant is comparatively complex due to its unique characteristics, as even one degree change in the temperature has effect on the liquid vaporization. To achieve the design feed throughput rate, as a permanent solution, the temperature of the feed before entering the demethanizer column has to be increased. Various locations for increasing the temperature in the plant were studied in this paper. The identification of location for preheating plays an important role in the costing. For every one degree Celsius increase in the feed temperature, the duty of the exchanger increases three folds. This paper explains the low cost solutions to increase the throughput to the plant, thereby increasing the product generation of C2, C3 products from LNG feed prior to regasification.