bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DO PROCESSO ELETRÔNICO AO DOCUMENTO PÚBLICO: UMA ANÁLISE DA CONSERVAÇÃO DOS AUTOS COMO ARQUIVOS PERMANENTES
Authors: Macedo Elaine Harzheim , Tolfo Renan Matheus Macedo
Published: December 2017

A gestão dos documentos produzidos pelo Poder Judiciário no exercício de sua função jurisdicional constitui dever constitucional da administração pública judiciária, tendo a guarda e o acesso a esses documentos importante ponto de conexão entre a História, a Arquivologia e o Direito. Como problema, tem-se o risco da preservação inadequada de arquivos eletrônicos judiciais. Neste estudo, tem-se como objetivo encontrar um sistema que cumpra os requisitos arquivísticos de preservação. Utiliza-se do método dedutivo, tendo como premissa maior o dever de preservação dos documentos. A premissa menor advém da guarda dos arquivos eletrônicos que representam o processo judicial. O método auxiliar tipológico foi escolhido em busca de um tipo ideal de sistemática de preservação. Utiliza-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental da legislação pátria, explicando o fenômeno e propondo possível solução à manutenção de tais documentos, concluindo-se pela utilização do Archivematica no Poder Judiciário.
O DIREITO NA CONTRAMÃO DA LITERATURA: A CRIAÇÃO NO PARADIGMA CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Karam Henriete
Published: December 2017

O artigo inscreve-se no campo dos estudos de direito e literatura e tem como objetivo problematizar a liberdade criativa no âmbito jurisdicional. Para tanto, apresenta uma síntese diacrônica dos conceitos de criação formulados pela teoria literária e destaca sua articulação com as noções de intertextualidade e de horizonte de sentido. A seguir, recorre ao conto Pierre Menard, autor do «Quixote», de J. L. Borges, para explicitar a concepção – decorrente da assunção do paradigma hermenêutico – de que a invenção literária resulta do processo de leitura, interpretação e reescrita. Por fim, indica os contextos que propiciaram o surgimento das concepções que postulam a liberdade de criação do direito na esfera jurisdicional, abordando, especialmente, as posições de M. Cappelletti acerca da atuação criativa dos juízes. Tal percurso possibilita constatar, o anacronismo das teorias do direito que vinculam o conceito de criação à ideia de liberdade criativa – cujos efeitos são o ativismo e o decisionismo judicial – face à atual compreensão que a teoria da literatura tem do papel central da interpretação no processo criativo.
CRÍTICA LITERÁRIA FEMINISTA: REVISITANDO AS ORIGENS
Authors: Alós Anselmo Peres , Andreta Bárbara Loureiro
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de revisitar as origens da crítica literária feminista. Nesse sentido, ao retomar as três ondas do feminismo, recuperam-se os principais conceitos que embasaram o pensamento feminista em cada momento histórico, bem como as principais mulheres que ocuparam grande importância para o imaginário do feminismo ao longo de sua história. Essa retomada histórica evidencia o conceito interdisciplinar da crítica literária feminista, uma vez que esta não admite uma leitura de texto desvinculada de sua exterioridade e de sua historicidade.
CORPO EM FLAMAS: SILÊNCIO, RUPTURA E VIOLÊNCIA DA PALAVRA EM A VEGETARIANA (채식주의자/CHAESIKJUIJA) DE HAN KANG
Authors: Bittencourt Rita Lenira de Freitas , Santos Melissa Rubio dos
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo explorar as relações entre corpo, silêncio, ruptura e violência da palavra no romance A Vegetariana (Chaesik-juija/ 채식주의자) (2007) da escritora sul-coreana Han Kang. A análise tem como ponto de partida a discussão da ruptura e da violência da palavra a partir de entrevistas da escritora Han Kang e da obra teórica de Jacques Derrida. Para a discussão do corpo feminino, serão utilizadas a teoria do gênero de Judith Butler e crítica à filosofia Neo-Confucionista na Coreia do Sul (de Sohee Kim).
La dictadura del fetiche. De la objetividad del valor a la dominación sin sujeto
Authors: Angulo Tarancón Mikel
Published: December 2017

En plena crisis de las ciencias sociales burguesas, y con el continente europeo dividido y aturdido por la guerra, las disputas en el terreno del marxismo dan lugar a un paradigma de pensamiento teórico muy determinado: el paradigma del fetichismo de la mercancía y su secreto. La objetividad del valor, la epistemología del fetiche, la dominación sin sujeto y el concepto de crisis son sólo algunas de sus expresiones más recurrentes. Conviene entonces preguntarse por aquello que constituye la dominación social bajo el sistema del valor realizado o del dinero, si es el fetiche como tal o si son sus presupuestos teóricos y sus implicaciones práctico-políticas. Son éstas las que, desde un punto de vista crítico y emancipador, nos atañen...
La política del rechazo. Pensamiento político en Maurice Blanchot
Authors: Quintana Domínguez Idoia
Published: December 2017

Las nociones de rechazo y de revolución atraviesan diferentes épocas del pensamiento político de Blanchot. En este artículo caracterizamos brevemente estas nociones en los años 30 para pasar a analizar cómo son desarrolladas a partir de los 50. Destacaremos la originalidad de la búsqueda de un tipo de poder capaz de poner todo poder en cuestión sin que este poder se constituya y opere como fundamento. Se esbozará así un espacio liminar frente a la política. En la última parte abordaremos la crítica de Nancy a una política que se presentaría a la vez como una política de lo imposible y como una política imposible.
Globalización y geo(teo)política de la historia: Franz Rosenzweig y Carl Schmitt
Authors: Navarrete Alonso Roberto
Published: December 2017

El presente trabajo constituye una contribución a la biografía intelectual de Franz Rosenzweig. Frente a la habitual división de su trayectoria espiritual, se establece un vínculo entre Hegel y el Estado (1914) y La estrella de la redención (1921) por medio de sus Escritos sobre la guerra (1917). Con este fin, se analiza la interpretación rosenzweiguiana de la Primera Guerra Mundial, en clave geopolítica, como el comienzo de un proceso de globalización del mundo. A partir de la crítica de Rosenzweig a la Realpolitik bismarckiana, se expone su concepción del mencionado proceso como camino cristiano hacia la redención y se la compara con el doctrina de los grandes espacios de Carl Schmitt. Por último, se presenta la solución de Rosenzweig al gnosticismo de Marción, a saber, su concepción relacional de judaísmo y cristianismo como agentes de la redención.
Stichinės sausros ir sausringi laikotarpiai pagal Selianinovo hidroterminį koeficientą (HTK) Lietuvoje 1961–2015 metais
Authors: Valiukas Donatas
Published: December 2017

Lietuvoje stichinėms sausroms identifikuoti oficialiai naudojamas Selianinovo hidroterminis koeficientas (HTK), kuris nustato sausras augalų aktyviosios vegetacijos laikotarpiu. Šio tyrimo tikslas – išskirti stichines sausras ir sausringus laikotarpius Lietuvoje analizuojamaisiais 1961–2015 metais. Nustatyta, kad bent vienoje meteorologijos stotyje stichinės sausros registruotos 14 metų per 55 metų analizuojamąjį periodą. Lokalios sausros registruotos aštuonerius metus, o šalies masto – apėmusios ≥1/3 šalies teritorijos – šešerius metus. Rezultatai parodė, kad dažniau sausros registruotos vakarinėje ir pietvakarinėje, o rečiau pietrytinėje ir rytinėje Lietuvos dalyse. Nustatyta, kad per paskutiniuosius du dešimtmečius sausros tapo dažnesnės ir apima didesnę šalies teritoriją. Analizė parodė, kad stichinių sausrų ir jų formavimosi metu būdingas didelis neigiamas kritulių kiekio nuokrypis ir dažniausiai teigiamas oro temperatūros nuokrypis nuo viso analizuojamojo laikotarpio vidurkio. Sausringi laikotarpiai dar dažnesni nei stichinės sausros, jie 1961–2015 m. registruoti bent vienoje MS dažniau nei kartą per dvejus metus.
The Formation of Modern Muslim Subjectivities: Research Project and Analytical Strategy
Authors: Jung Dietrich
Published: December 2017

This article introduces research questions, theoretical premises and analytical tools on which the Modern Muslim Subjectivities Project (MMSP) builds. The project takes its point of departure in sociological theories on the formation of modern forms of subjectivity and applies these to the Muslim world. The present article discusses three theories in particular: Theories on multiple modernities, theories on successive modernities and post-structuralist approaches to the formation of modern subjectivities. The hypothesis of the project – and thereby the hypothesis of the present article – is that the mentioned so-called “Western” theories can be used in our analyses and understanding of the modern Muslim world as well. The article presents this argument in three steps and illustrates the theoretical discussions with examples from the different subprojects carried out within the shared frame of the MMSP.Denne artikel præsenterer de forskningsspørgsmål, teoretiske præmisser og analytiske redskaber, som The Modern Muslim Subjectivities Project (MMSP) bygger på. Projektet tager udgangspunkt i sociologiske teorier om dannelsen af moderne former for subjektivitet og anvender dem i forhold til den muslimske verden. Nærværende artikel diskuterer især tre teoretiske kilder: teorier om mangfoldige moderniteter (multiple modernities), teorier om fortløbende moderniteter (successive modernities) og poststrukturalistiske tilgange til dannelse af moderne subjektiviteter. Projektets og dermed også artiklens hypotese er, at disse såkaldte “vestlige” teorier også kan bruges i vores forståelse af den moderne muslimske verden. Artiklen fremlægger dette argument i tre trin og illustrerer de teoretiske diskussioner med eksempler fra de forskellige delprojekter, som bliver gennemført inden for den fælles forskningsramme i MMSP.
Poster Children of Integration and the Question of Being a “Good Danish Muslim”
Authors: Pedersen Sofie
Published: December 2017

This article explores the intersection of subjectivity construction among Muslim youth with Danish welfare state governmentality. More specifically, it looks at campaigns in which successful professionals and students of non-Western descent, primarily Muslims, are used strategically as role models to target ethnic minorities in general, and Muslims in particular. By communicating their life stories, the role models become real life examples of successful integration meant to inspire others to follow their path. Thus the campaigns are a part of the prevalent discourse that views minorities (i.e. non-Danish and non-Christian) as particularly problematic to integrate and therefore needing special attention for becoming “compatible” with the values of the Danish welfare state. Taking its departure in these campaigns and applying a governmentality-inspired approach, this paper seeks to investigate normative state-prescribed forms of being a “good Danish Muslim.” It analyses how this image is being constructed and negotiated in a matrix combining welfare state policies and individual self-interpretation.Denne artikel undersøger krydsfeltet mellem subjektivitetskonstruktion blandt unge muslimer og den danske velfærdsstats governmentalitet. Mere specifikt ser artiklen på kampagner, hvor unge studerende og erhvervsaktive med anden etnisk baggrund end dansk, primært muslimer, bruges strategisk som rollemodeller for etniske minoriteter generelt og muslimer i særdeleshed. Ved at fortælle egne livshistorier bliver rollemodellerne levende eksempler på succesfuld integration til inspiration for andre. Således er kampagnerne del af en eksisterende diskurs, inden for hvilken minoriteter (altså ikke-danske og ikke-kristne) anses for at være særligt vanskelige at integrere og dermed en gruppe, der kalder på en særlig indsats for at blive “kompatible” med den danske velfærdsstats værdier. Med afsæt i disse kampagner og en governmentalitetsinspireret analyse undersøger denne artikel sta tens normative bud på, hvordan man kan være “en god dansk muslim”. Analysen viser, hvorledes denne forestilling konstrueres og forhandles i et felt, der forbinder velfærdsstatens forskrifter og individers selvfortolkning.
Jacques Roubaud et l'obéissance choisie de Roman Opalka
Authors: Guetemme Geneviève
Published: December 2017

Le poète, mathématicien et oulipien Jacques Roubaud travaille depuis longtemps à relier écriture et contrainte et il s'est logiquement intéressé à l'oeuvre d'artistes dont la méthode de création passe par le respect de règles
très strictes. Le peintre Roman Opalka est l'un d'eux. Son projet s'appelle 1965/1–∞ et Jacques Roubaud en propose une première approche en 1996. Il lui dédie également un sonnet en 2015, après la mort du peintre. Cet article traite de
la façon dont un auteur qui choisit lui-même de créer sous contrainte se positionne face au choix d'Opalka d'obéir toute sa vie à un protocole de travail qui ne bougera plus de 1972 à sa mort. Il questionne une posture artistique basée sur l'obéissance
comme moyen d'accepter son propre temps, celui du monde et celui de l'art, mais aussi comme moyen d'atteindre un autre temps: un temps d'absence, anachronique et beckettien.
Qohélet 2,12 : un texte indéchiffrable ?
Authors: Lavoie Jean-Jacques
Published: December 2017

L’auteur présente un état de la recherche de la critique textuelle de Qo 2,12 en montrant qu’il faut maintenir le texte massorétique, puisque c’est le texte le plus difficile. Puis, il présente un état de la recherche de la critique des sources ainsi que de l’analyse structurelle et littéraire, afin de montrer que ce verset doit être lu à la lumière de son contexte immédiat. En effet, la comparaison de la sagesse et de la folie, au v. 12a, annonce la question de l’avantage de la sagesse sur la folie et du sage sur le fou, en 2,13-16. Quant au v. 12b, il annonce la question portant sur la valeur du successeur, en 2,19a, et souligne, non sans ironie, que la valeur du successeur est dérisoire et que celui-ci ne vaut que ce que le prédécesseur, aussi incomparable soit-il, a fait de lui. Ainsi compris, le v. 12 peut aussi se lire comme une allusion à Roboam en 1 R 12.
DACCOR - Detection, charACterization, and reconstruction of Repetitive regions in bacterial genomes
Authors: Seitz Alexander , Hanssen Friederike , Nieselt Kay
Published: December 2017

The reconstruction of genomes using mapping based approaches with short reads experiences difficulties when resolving repetitive regions. These repetitive regions in genomes result in low mapping qualities of the respective reads, which in turn lead to many unresolved bases of the genotypers. Currently, the reconstruction of these regions is often based on modified references in which the repetitive regions are masked. However, for many references such masked genomes are not available or are based on repetitive regions of other genomes. Our idea is to identify repetitive regions in the reference genome de novo. These regions can then be used to reconstruct them separately using short read sequencing data. Afterwards the reconstructed repetitive sequence can be inserted into the reconstructed genome. We present the program DACCOR, which performs these steps automatically. Our results show an increased base pair resolution of the repetitive regions in the reconstruction of Treponema pallidum samples, resulting in fewer unresolved bases.
A reforma psiquiátrica
Authors: Desviat Manuel
Published: December 2017

Versão atualizada da edição espanhola, apresenta e analisa alguns dos mais significativos processos de transformação internacionais em saúde mental, entre os quais está o processo brasileiro. O atual contexto, afirma o autor, tem acentuado medidas políticas e econômicas que enchem de incerteza o futuro dos serviços sanitários e sociais: a globalização da economia, as mudanças nos modos de produção, a precaridade do emprego e o aumento planetário da exclusão social, o que faz interrogar sobre a continuidade dos movimentos solidários iniciados depois da devastação da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Assim, na edição brasileira, além de atualizar temas, Manuel Desviat procura dar conta das repercussões dessas políticas na saúde mental e em suas instituições. "Esta segunda edição incorpora novas reflexões que Desviat vem recolhendo nos últimos anos em suas recorrentes viagens a todos os cantos da Espanha, assim como a vários países do mundo. A partir dessas reflexões e advertências, nas quais podemos tomar conhecimento da importância da sustentabilidade do modelo psiquiátrico contra-hegemônico, temos acesso a elementos importantes que podem nos ajudar a evitar os mesmos problemas pelos quais a Espanha e outros países passam. Se este livro já era atual, o é ainda mais com o novo posfácio sobre a resitência à contrarreforma e sobre novas estratégias para o futuro", avalia Paulo Amarante, editor responsável pela coleção Loucura & Civilização.
Religious Festivals in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) Institutions: A Norwegian Case Study
Authors: Krogstad Kari
Published: December 2017

This paper investigates how teachers at Norwegian early childhood education and care (ECEC) institutions interpret the national curriculum’s mandate that children should learn about religion and religious festivals. The results from an empirical study conducted in one religiously diverse ECEC, which is attended by children from both Christian and Muslim families, serve as the context for this analysis. The study identifies discrepancies between the ideal provided by the national curriculum and the reality described by teachers and parents. In the case of the ECEC studied, religion as such causes uneasiness among the teachers. As a result, Christian festivities focus more on traditions than religion, and Muslim holidays are ignored. Parents are largely uninformed about the purpose and content related to religious festivities at their children’s ECEC. A starting point in addressing teachers’ uncertainty over how to comply with the curricular mandate is to design pedagogical activities around religious festivities that aim to achieve learning and mutual understanding among the children.
A Review on Assessing Agreement
Authors: Barnhart Huiman X.
Published: December 2017

Measurements serve as the basis for evaluation in almost all scientific disciplines, especially in physical sciences, medical studies, and health care. Issues related to reliable and accurate measurement have evolved over many decades. Requiring a measurement to be identical to the truth is sometimes impractical or impossible either because (i) the truth is simply not available or is measured with some error or (ii) some tolerable error is acceptable. Concepts of agreement, including reproducibility or reliability, are often used to determine whether the measurements can be used or not for evaluation. There has been substantial statistical literature in the last several decades on assessing agreement. This article provides a critical and comprehensive review on agreement concepts and their corresponding agreement indices developed for assessing agreement among measurements made on the same subject or experimental unit. The emphasis is on the intuitive understanding of concepts and on insights into both controversies and appropriate applications for continuous and categorical data. Four examples with either continuous or categorical measurements are used for illustration and discussion.
Density Estimation
Authors: Scott David W.
Published: December 2017

The “density estimation” article highlights the dual roles of the graphical exploration of data as well as the nonparametric estimation of the distribution of continuous probabilities. Estimators described in detail include the histogram, frequency polygon, averaged shifted histogram, and the classic kernel method. The basic theory of estimation is outlined. Data‐based calibration by cross‐validation is described. Several concrete examples are given. Even with the rapid adoption of data sciences and machine learning, density estimation retains a key role in data preparation and data understanding.
Statistical Challenges in Exoplanet Detection
Authors: Babu Gutti Jogesh
Published: December 2017

A brief introduction to planets outside our Solar System is presented. Various methods of discovery are outlined with emphasis on photometric detection of exoplanetary transits with NASA's Kepler Mission. Statistical challenges in the analysis of noisy and irregularly spaced time series typical for exoplanet data are described. A range of exciting recent findings have emerged for both individual multiplanet systems and for the underlying population of planets in the Galaxy. It is now clear that most stars host planetary systems, and statistical estimates suggest that habitable Earth‐like planets may be common.
Random Walk Metropolis Sampler
Authors: Martinez Wendy
Published: December 2017

The main tasks of statisticians and data scientists are to describe and make inferences about real‐world data. Tasks in inferential statistics include hypothesis testing, constructing confidence intervals, and building models. Most of these often require statisticians to make simplifying assumptions about the statistics. If we do not want to use simplifying assumptions or simple statistics, then we can use Monte Carlo methods to estimate the distributions of these statistics. This article describes the random walk Metropolis method of generating random variables, which can be used in estimating integrals and expectations, hypothesis testing, optimization, Bayesian inference, and more. Some background information on related random number generation methods, such as the Metropolis‐Hastings and the acceptance–rejection methods is provided.
Analysis of Life History Calendar Data
Authors: Eerola Mervi , Helske Satu
Published: December 2017

The life history calendar (LHC) is a data‐collection tool for obtaining reliable retrospective data on several life domains. LHC data can be analyzed either with probabilistic modeling of transitions between the life states or with sequence analysis, a data‐mining method that requires minimal simplification of the original data. The life events define the multistate model and its event‐specific hazards and the parallel life domains in multidimensional sequence analysis. These two approaches complement each other, and recently also several ways to combine them have been suggested.
Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Wikle Christopher K. , Katzfuss Matthias , Stroud Jonathan R.
Published: December 2017

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a computational technique that leads to efficient approximate inference in state‐space models. Traditionally, this has been applied to data assimilation problems in which high‐dimensional spatial fields are observed sequentially through time. In essence, the EnKF approximates the traditional Kalman filter by using a sample (i.e., ensemble) of draws to represent the state process distribution. As new data become available, these ensemble members are updated by shifting toward the data. This shifting procedure is one of the key differences between the EnKF and reweighting‐based methods (e.g., particle filters), and allows the EnKF to avoid the degeneracy problem that is endemic to those methods, even for very high state dimensions. Although the EnKF implicitly assumes linear Gaussian state‐space models, it allows for nonlinear state propagation and is fairly robust to deviations from linearity and Gaussianity.
Risk‐Adjusted Proportion Nonconforming (

p

‐Chart) Control Chart in Healthcare
Authors: Mitra Amitava
Published: December 2017

The healthcare field is a ripe sector for application of control chart techniques for process control and improvement. A key criterion for monitoring nonconforming outcomes, such as mortality of patients after a certain procedure at a healthcare facility, is that of risk adjustment. The preoperative condition of the patient, based on characteristics such as level of obesity, degree of hypertension, or presence of diabetes may have an impact on the postoperative mortality. Hence, the degree of care received by the patient through the efforts of the surgeon, medical, and nursing staff are not the only factors contributing to the postoperative outcome. Since there is inherent variation among the patients, based on their personal characteristics, such variation needs to be accounted for in the monitoring scheme. A proportion nonconforming control chart aggregates the results of nonconforming outcomes over a period of time. While the power of such a control chart may not be as much as one that takes into account each individual outcome and incorporates the information in the plotting statistic, it is simpler and easier to construct.
Tests for Comparing Two Ordered Multinomials
Authors: Shan Guogen , Hutson Alan
Published: December 2017

For a two‐arm study with ordinal outcomes, the proportional odds model (POM) based on cumulative logistic regression is commonly used to compare the two groups. When the assumption of the POM is questionable or the group variable is the only covariate in the model, other statistical approaches should be considered. When the assumption of the POM is not met, the nonparametric Wilcoxon mid‐rank test is often used to assess the group difference. Both the POM and the Wilcoxon test rely on their asymptotic limiting distributions to make statistical inference, and they generally do not have satisfactory performance with regard to type I error control for a study with sample size from small to medium. For these cases, exact approaches are recommended for use to bound the type I error rate and make proper statistical inference. Exact unconditional approach based on estimation and maximization is generally more powerful than exact conditional approach, although exact unconditional approaches are computationally intensive.
Practical Implementation of Dose–Response Adaptive Trials
Authors: Mander Adrian P. , Wheeler Graham M. , Yap Christina
Published: December 2017

The main role of dose–response phase II trials within a clinical development plan is to identify a potentially efficacious dose that can be explored in phase III trials. Traditionally, designs have investigated a fixed set of doses with equal numbers of participants on each dose. Usually these designs are fixed before any data have been observed and it is rarely possible to select the most efficient choices. The dose range under investigation may include doses that have little or no observable effect or the doses that are too high and potentially have toxicities. A dose–response adaptive trial allows changes to the doses selected during the conduct of the trial in order to make better dose choices. The better dose choices could be to allow the most efficient estimation of the dose–response relationship or to select the most promising dose. This article highlights the various issues with trying to implement dose–response adaptive designs and demonstrate the compromises that need to be made between optimal choices and the reality.
Ochrobactrum
Authors: Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P. , Holmes Barry
Published: December 2017

O.chro.bac'trum. Gr. adj.ochrospale, colorless; Gr. neut. n.baktrona staff or stick; N.L. neut. n.Ochrobactruma colorless rod.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Brucellaceae / Ochrobactrum

Bacteria of the genusOchrobactrumare Gram‐stain negative and rod‐shaped with a typical oval cell form and a cell size of 1.0 × 1.5–2.0 µm. Cells are motile by means of a peritrichous flagellum. Obligatory aerobic, having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism. Optimal growth occurs in a temperature range of 20–37°C. Colonies on nutrient agar (NA) are smooth, low convex, and translucent (opaque and mucoid, quickly becoming confluent inOchrobactrum tritici). Chemoorganotrophic, using a variety of amino acids, organic acids, and carbohydrates as carbon sources. Oxidase positive. Catalase positive. Nitrate is usually reduced. Grow on MacConkey agar. Urease usually positive. Ornithine decarboxylase usually negative. Occur in human clinical specimens, and also in soil and water samples and in plant roots of various plant species. Two species,Ochrobactrum lupiniandOchrobactrum cytisi,are able to induce root nodules and fix nitrogen. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, the genusOchrobactrumis a member of the familyBrucellaceaewithin theAlphaproteobacteria. The genus can be clearly differentiated from the other genera of the family, the generaBrucella,Pseudochrobactrum, Paenochrobactrum,andFalsochrobactrum,based on therecAnucleotide sequence‐based phylogeny, as well as several chemotaxonomic data.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 56–60.

Type species:Ochrobactrum anthropiHolmes, Popoff, Kiredjian and Kersters 1988, 412VP.
A
cidicapsa
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N.
Published: December 2017

A.ci.di.cap'sa. N.L. n.
acidum
(from L. adj.
acidus
, sour), an acid; L. fem. n.
capsa
, a box, here intended to mean a capsule; N.L. fem. n.
Acidicapsa
, an acid (‐requiring) cell covered by a capsule.

Acidobacteria / Acidobacteriia / Acidobacteriales / Acidobacteriaceae / Acidicapsa

The genus
Acidicapsa
accommodates acidophilic, strictly aerobic chemoorganotrophs, which produce large polysaccharide‐like capsules. Cells of these acidobacteria are Gram‐negative, non‐spore‐forming rods that reproduce by binary fission and occur singly, in pairs, or in short chains. Cell motility varies among different species. Colony color varies from white to pink. Pigments are carotenoids. Oxidase‐variable and catalase‐positive. Sugars are the preferred growth substrates. Members of this genus possess hydrolytic capabilities and degrade various polysaccharides but not cellulose or chitin. Some species catalyze the reductive dissolution of ferric iron minerals when incubated under microaerobic conditions. Mesophilic and slightly psychrotolerant. The major fatty acid is iso‐C
15:0
. Cells of some species also contain significant amounts of 13,16‐dimethyl octacosanedioic acid. The quinone is MK‐8. Members of the class
Acidobacteriia
, order
Acidobacteriales
, family
Acidobacteriaceae
. Isolation sources are acidic soils and wetlands, acidic mineral leaching environments, and decaying wood.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 51.7–60.0 (
T
m
and HPLC).

Type species
:
Acidicapsa borealis
Kulichevskaya, Kostina, Valášková, Rijpstra, Sinninghe Damsté, de Boer and Dedysh 2012, 1519
VP
.
Biomaterials for Skin Substitutes
Authors: Sheikholeslam Mohammadali , Wright Meghan E. E. , Jeschke Marc G. , Amini‐Nik Saeid
Published: December 2017

Patients with extensive burns rely on the use of tissue engineered skin due to a lack of sufficient donor tissue, but it is a challenge to identify reliable and economical scaffold materials and donor cell sources for the generation of a functional skin substitute. The current review attempts to evaluate the performance of the wide range of biomaterials available for generating skin substitutes, including both natural biopolymers and synthetic polymers, in terms of tissue response and potential for use in the operating room. Natural biopolymers display an improved cell response, while synthetic polymers provide better control over chemical composition and mechanical properties. It is suggested that not one material meets all the requirements for a skin substitute. Rather, a composite scaffold fabricated from both natural and synthetic biomaterials may allow for the generation of skin substitutes that meet all clinical requirements including a tailored wound size and type, the degree of burn, the patient age, and the available preparation technique. This review aims to be a valuable directory for researchers in the field to find the optimal material or combination of materials based on their specific application.
Embedding MnO@Mn3O4 Nanoparticles in an N‐Doped‐Carbon Framework Derived from Mn‐Organic Clusters for Efficient Lithium Storage
Authors: Chu Yanting , Guo Lingyu , Xi Baojuan , Feng Zhenyu , Wu Fangfang , Lin Yue , Liu Jincheng , Sun Di , Feng Jinkui , Qian Yitai , Xiong Shenglin
Published: December 2017

The first synthesis of MnO@Mn3O4 nanoparticles embedded in an N‐doped porous carbon framework (MnO@Mn3O4/NPCF) through pyrolysis of mixed‐valent Mn8 clusters is reported. The unique features of MnO@Mn3O4/NPCF are derived from the distinct interfacial structure of the Mn8 clusters, implying a new methodological strategy for hybrids. The characteristics of MnO@Mn3O4 are determined by conducting high angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) valence‐state analyses. Due to the combined advantages of MnO@Mn3O4, the uniform distribution, and the NPCF, MnO@Mn3O4/NPCF displays unprecedented lithium‐storage performance (1500 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 over 270 cycles). Quantitative analysis reveals that capacitance and diffusion mechanisms account for Li+ storage, wherein the former dominates. First‐principles calculations highlight the strong affiliation of MnO@Mn3O4 and the NPCF, which favor structural stability. Meanwhile, defects of the NPCF decrease the diffusion energy barrier, thus enhancing the Li+ pseudocapacitive process, reversible capacity, and long cycling performance. This work presents a new methodology to construct composites for energy storage and conversion.
Photoactuated Pens for Molecular Printing
Authors: Huang Zhongjie , Li Le , Zhang Xu A. , Alsharif Nourin , Wu Xiaojian , Peng Zhiwei , Cheng Xiyuan , Wang Peng , Brown Keith A. , Wang YuHuang
Published: December 2017

The photoactuation of pen arrays made of polydimethylsiloxane carbon nanotube composites is explored, and the first demonstration of photoactuated pens for molecular printing is reported. Photoactuation of these composites is characterized using atomic force microscopy and found to produce microscale motion in response to modest illumination, with an actuation efficiency as high as 200 nm mW−1 on the sub‐1 s time scale. Arrays of composite pens are synthesized and it is found that local illumination is capable of moving selected pens by more than 3 µm out of the plane, bringing them into contact to perform controllable and high quality printing while completely shutting off the nonilluminated counterparts. In light of the scalability limitations of nanolithography, this work presents an important step and paves the way for arbitrary control of individual pens in massive arrays. As an example of a scalable soft actuator, this approach can also aid progress in other fields such as soft robotics and microfluidics.
Foldable Electrode Architectures Based on Silver‐Nanowire‐Wound or Carbon‐Nanotube‐Webbed Micrometer‐Scale Fibers of Polyethylene Terephthalate Mats for Flexible Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hwang Chihyun , Song Woo‐Jin , Han Jung‐Gu , Bae Sohyun , Song Gyujin , Choi Nam‐Soon , Park Soojin , Song Hyun‐Kon
Published: December 2017

A crumply and highly flexible lithium‐ion battery is realized by using microfiber mat electrodes in which the microfibers are wound or webbed with conductive nanowires. This electrode architecture guarantees extraordinary mechanical durability without any increase in resistance after folding 1000 times. Its areal energy density is easily controllable by the number of folded stacks of a piece of the electrode mat. Deformable lithium‐ion batteries of lithium iron phosphate as cathode and lithium titanium oxide as anode at high areal capacity (3.2 mAh cm−2) are successfully operated without structural failure and performance loss, even after repeated crumpling and folding during charging and discharging.
Solvent‐free polymer emulsification inside a twin‐screw extruder
Authors: Goger Ali , Thompson Michael R. , Pawlak John L. , Arnould Mark A. , Lawton David J. W.
Published: December 2017

Solvent‐free extrusion emulsification (SFEE) is new technique for a twin‐screw extruder to prepare submicron‐sized particles (100–500 nm) without using hazardous solvents. The particle size is reliant upon the thickness of striated lamellae, which can be monitored rheologically based on the viscosity change occurring at the SFEE process. The lamellae coarsening rate is predominantly affected by the interfacial energy of the system when a surfactant is added but shows stronger dependency on viscosity change when interfacial growth between the polymer and water phases is solely determined by the end‐groups conversion into carboxylate species. For this latter case, the dissolution of the sodium hydroxide species and the kinetics of end‐groups conversion prove to be rate‐limiting phenomena to generating thinner striated lamellae. Additionally, the ionic strength of the system is notably important to the viscosity response and particle size produced, particularly when surfactant is not added. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 2113–2123, 2018
Developmental differences between neonatal and adult human erythropoiesis
Authors: Yan Hongxia , Hale John , Jaffray Julie , Li Jie , Wang Yaomei , Huang Yumin , An Xiuli , Hillyer Christopher , Wang Nan , Kinet Sandrina , Taylor Naomi , Mohandas Narla , Narla Anupama , Blanc Lionel
Published: December 2017

Studies of human erythropoiesis have relied, for the most part, on the in vitro differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) from different sources. Here, we report that despite the common core erythroid program that exists between cord blood (CB)‐ and peripheral blood (PB)‐HSPC induced toward erythroid differentiation in vitro, significant functional differences exist. We undertook a comparative analysis of human erythropoiesis using these two different sources of HSPC. Upon in vitro erythroid differentiation, CB‐derived cells proliferated 4‐fold more than PB‐derived cells. However, CB‐derived cells exhibited a delayed kinetics of differentiation, resulting in an increased number of progenitors, notably colony‐forming unit (CFU‐E). The phenotypes of early erythroid differentiation stages also differed between the two sources with a significantly higher percentage of IL3R‐GPA‐CD34+CD36+ cells generated from PB‐ than CB‐HSPCs. This subset was found to generate both burst‐forming unit (BFU‐E) and CFU‐E colonies in colony‐forming assays. To further understand the differences between CB‐ and PB‐HSPC, cells at eight stages of erythroid differentiation were sorted from each of the two sources and their transcriptional profiles were compared. We document differences at the CD34, BFU‐E, poly‐ and orthochromatic stages. Genes exhibiting the most significant differences in expression between HSPC sources clustered into cell cycle‐ and autophagy‐related pathways. Altogether, our studies provide a qualitative and quantitative comparative analysis of human erythropoiesis, highlighting the impact of the developmental origin of HSPCs on erythroid differentiation.
Expanding the phenotype associated with biallelic WDR60 mutations: Siblings with retinal degeneration and polydactyly lacking other features of short rib thoracic dystrophies
Authors: Kakar Naseebullah , Horn Denise , Decker Eva , Sowada Nadine , Kubisch Christian , Ahmad Jamil , Borck Guntram , Bergmann Carsten
Published: December 2017

Ciliopathies are disorders of the primary cilium that can affect almost all organs and that are characterized by pleiotropy and extensive intra‐ and interfamilial phenotypic variability. Accordingly, mutations in the same gene can cause different ciliopathy phenotypes of varying severity. WDR60 encodes a protein thought to play a role in the primary cilium's intraflagellar transport machinery. Mutations in this gene are a rare cause of Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD) and short‐rib polydactyly syndrome (SRPS). Here we report on a milder and distinct phenotype in a consanguineous Pakistani pedigree with two adolescent sisters affected by retinal degeneration and postaxial polydactyly, but lack of any further skeletal or chondrodysplasia features. By targeted high‐throughput sequencing of genes known or suspected to be involved in ciliogenesis, we detected a novel homozygous N‐terminal truncating WDR60 mutation (c.44delC/p.Ala15Glufs*90) that co‐segregated with the disease in the family. Our finding broadens the spectrum of WDR60‐related phenotypes and shows the utility of broad multigene panels during the genetic work‐up of patients with ciliopathies.
The novel RAF1 mutation p.(Gly361Ala) located outside the kinase domain of the CR3 region in two patients with Noonan syndrome, including one with a rare brain tumor
Authors: Harms Frederike L. , Alawi Malik , Amor David J. , Tan Tiong Y. , Cuturilo Goran , Lissewski Christina , Brinkmann Julia , Schanze Denny , Kutsche Kerstin , Zenker Martin
Published: December 2017

Noonan syndrome is characterized by typical craniofacial dysmorphism, postnatal growth retardation, congenital heart defect, and learning difficulties and belongs to the RASopathies, a group of neurodevelopmental disorders caused by germline mutations in genes encoding components of the RAS‐MAPK pathway. Mutations in the RAF1 gene are associated with Noonan syndrome, with a high prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). RAF1 mutations cluster in exons encoding the conserved region 2 (CR2), the kinase activation segment of the CR3 domain, and the C‐terminus. We present two boys with Noonan syndrome and the identical de novo RAF1 missense variant c.1082G>C/p.(Gly361Ala) affecting the CR3, but located outside the kinase activation segment. The p.(Gly361Ala) mutation has been identified as a RAF1 allele conferring resistance to RAF inhibitors. This amino acid change favors a RAF1 conformation that allows for enhanced RAF dimerization and increased intrinsic kinase activity. Both patients with Noonan syndrome showed typical craniofacial dysmorphism, macrocephaly, and short stature. One individual developed HCM and was diagnosed with a disseminated oligodendroglial‐like leptomeningeal tumor (DOLT) of childhood at the age of 9 years. While there is a well‐established association of NS with malignant tumors, especially childhood hemato‐oncological diseases, brain tumors have rarely been reported in Noonan syndrome. Our data demonstrate that mutation scanning of the entire coding region of genes associated with Noonan syndrome is mandatory not to miss rare variants located outside the known mutational hotspots.
Prader–Willi syndrome and early‐onset morbid obesity NIH rare disease consortium: A review of natural history study
Authors: Butler Merlin G. , Kimonis Virginia , Dykens Elisabeth , Gold June A. , Miller Jennifer , Tamura Roy , Driscoll Daniel J.
Published: December 2017

We describe the National Institutes of Health rare disease consortium for Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) developed to address concerns regarding medical care, diagnosis, growth and development, awareness, and natural history. PWS results from errors in genomic imprinting leading to loss of paternally expressed genes due to 15q11‐q13 deletion, maternal disomy 15 or imprinting defects. The 8 year study was conducted at four national sites on individuals with genetically confirmed PWS and early‐onset morbid obesity (EMO) with data accumulated to gain a better understanding of the natural history, cause and treatment of PWS. Enrollment of 355 subjects with PWS and 36 subjects with EMO began in September 2006 with study completion in July 2014. Clinical, genetic, cognitive, behavior, and natural history data were systematically collected along with PWS genetic subtypes, pregnancy and birth history, mortality, obesity, and cognitive status with study details as important endpoints in both subject groups. Of the 355 individuals with PWS, 217 (61%) had the 15q11‐q13 deletion, 127 (36%) had maternal disomy 15, and 11 (3%) had imprinting defects. Six deaths were reported in our PWS cohort with 598 cumulative years of study exposure and one death in the EMO group with 42 years of exposure. To our knowledge, this description of a longitudinal study in PWS represents the largest and most comprehensive cohort useful for investigators in planning comparable studies in other rare disorders. Ongoing studies utilizing this database should have a direct impact on care and services, diagnosis, treatment, genotype–phenotype correlations, and clinical outcomes in PWS.
Efficient Assembly of Tetracyclic Framework of Fluorenols through Silver‐Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of Acceptor‐Enynals and Alkynes via Unfavorable 6‐endo‐dig Cyclization
Authors: Liang Renxiao , Zhang Jiantao , Chen Lianfen , Zhu Shifa
Published: December 2017

We present a silver‐catalyzed reaction of acceptor‐enynals with alkynes to assemble tetracyclic framework of fluorenols efficiently, in which the reaction was proposed to proceed through an unfavorable 6‐endo‐dig cyclization, followed by a tandem [4+2] cycloaddition/Friedel–Crafts reaction. The reaction could be conducted in one pot for diaryl alkynes substrates. For terminal aryl alkyne or arylalkyl alkyne substrates, the Friedel–Crafts reaction has to be performed in the absence of alkynes. The control reactions demonstrated that there was competition between [Ag]⋅⋅⋅alkyne and [Ag]⋅⋅⋅O=CR2.
Kohlenhydratresponsive Oberflächenhaftung basierend auf dynamisch kovalenter Chemie zwischen Phenylboronsäure‐ und Catecholpolymerbürsten
Authors: Lamping Sebastian , Otremba Tobias , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: December 2017

Ein Kleber, dessen starke Haftfähigkeit (2.38 kg) auf dynamisch kovalenter Chemie beruht, welche zudem wasserbeständig und durch Kohlenhydrateinfluss schaltbar ist, wird vorgestellt. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Glas‐ und Siliciumoberflächen mithilfe der oberflächeninitiierten radikalischen Atomtransferpolymerisation (surface‐induced atom transfer radical polymerization, SI‐ATRP) mit Copolymeren, die zum einen Phenylboronsäuren und zum anderen Catechole enthielten, funktionalisiert. Nach Strukturierung mit Mikrokontaktdruck (microcontact printing, μCP) wird aus den Polymerbürsten ein kohlenhydratresponsiver supramolekularer “Klettverschluss” erhalten.
Fuel‐Selective Transient Activation of Nanosystems for Signal Generation
Authors: della Sala Flavio , Maiti Subhabrata , Bonanni Andrea , Scrimin Paolo , Prins Leonard J.
Published: December 2017

The transient activation of function using chemical fuels is common in nature, but much less in synthetic systems. Progress towards the development of systems with a complexity similar to that of natural ones requires chemical fuel selectivity. Here, we show that a self‐assembled nanosystem, composed of monolayer‐protected gold nanoparticles and a fluorogenic peptide, is activated for transient signal generation only in case the chemical fuel matches the recognition site present at the nanoparticle surface. A modification of the recognition site in the nanosystem completely changes the chemical fuel selectivity. When two nanosystems are simultaneously present, the selectivity expressed by the system depends on the concentration of nucleotide added.
Katalytische, positions‐ und enantioselektive C‐H‐Oxygenierung durch einen chiralen Mangan‐Porphyrin‐Komplex mit einer entfernten Bindungsstelle
Authors: Burg Finn , Gicquel Maxime , Breitenlechner Stefan , Pöthig Alexander , Bach Thorsten
Published: December 2017

Ein chiraler Mangan‐Porphyrin‐Komplex mit einem Wasserstoffbrückenmotiv wurde synthetisiert und anschließend in der katalytischen C‐H‐Oxygenierung von 3,4‐Dihydrochinolonen erprobt. Die gewünschte Oxygenierung fand mit perfekter Positionsselektivität an der C4‐Methylengruppe und mit hoher Enantioselektivität zugunsten des entsprechenden (4S)‐konfigurierten sekundären Alkohols statt (12 Beispiele, 29–97 % Umsatz, 19–68 % Ausbeute, 87–99 % ee). Mechanistische Studien unterstützen einen geschwindigkeits‐ und selektivitätsbestimmenden Angriff des reaktiven Mangan‐Oxo‐Komplexes am Wasserstoffbrücken‐gebundenen Substrat sowie eine Sauerstoffübertragung durch einen Rebound‐Mechanismus.