bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symphysio-Fundal Height Measurement as a Means of Gestational Age Assessment in the Second Half of Pregnancy at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Authors: Adewale Folorunsho B , Ijaiya Munir'deen A
Published: September 2012

Aims: Accurate determination of gestational age (GA) is an important part of obstetric care. The aim of this study is to determine the reliability of Symphsio-Fundal Height (SFH) measurement in assessing Gestational Age in the second half of pregnancy. Methods: A total of 390 pregnant Nigerian women carrying uncomplicated singleton pregnancies between the gestational age of 20-40 weeks had SFH measurements done at the antenatal clinic, and ultrasonic biparietal diameter (BPD) and femur length (FL) determination at the fetal assessment unit, maternity wing of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. The patients were followed up subsequently and managed till delivery. At delivery each baby was examined within the first 48 hours of life and gestational age at birth was assigned using the Ballard method. Results: Of the 390 patients studied, SFH correctly assessed GA in 80% compared to 81.3% for BPD (P = 0.43), 82.1% for FL (P – 0.41), 84.1% for BPD and FL (p = 0.35. There is no significant difference in the sensitivity of SFH 93.1% and ultrasound 97.9%. There is also no significant difference in the margin of error between the true gestational ages obtained by the two methods (SFH 15-41days Vs ultrasound 15-33days). Combined ultrasound parameters(BP & FL),FL, BPD and SFH were progressively less closely correlated with the Ballard age of the fetus.Conclusions: This study showed that accurate measurement of the SFH is a reliable method of gestational age assessment in the second half of pregnancy.NJOG 2011 Nov-Dec; 6 (2): 27-32 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i2.6753
Obstetric Admissions into the Intensive Care Unit in a Sub-urban University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Faponle AF , Adenekan AT
Published: September 2012

Aims: Intensive care medicine is relatively young in developing countries and there are few studies showing obstetric utilization of the facilities in Intensive Care Units (ICU) in many developing nations. We sought to determine the ICU utilization by obstetric patients in our hospital, assess the spectrum of diseases necessitating admissions, the intervention required and outcome of such admissions. Methods: A 5 year retrospective review of all obstetric admissions into the ICU from January 2003 to December 2007. Subjects were included if they were admitted during pregnancy up to 42 days post partum. Data obtained included demographics, obstetric history, pre-existing medical problems, admission diagnosis, indication for ICU admission, intervention in the ICU and outcome. Results: Obstetric cases accounted for 1.5 % of total admissions into the ICU. These also represented 0.2% of total hospital deliveries. All the patients were admitted post partum. Eclampsia was the commonest primary obstetric diagnosis (58.8%) with neurological dysfunction as the commonest indication for ICU admission. Mortality rate among admitted cases was 41.2%. Conclusions: Obstetric patients form a small population of a third world multi-disciplinary ICU but mortality among this group was high. It is recommended that large obstetric units should establish there own ICUs with standard facilities which will facilitate improved care of critically ill pregnant women and thereby improve the outcome. NJOG 2011 Nov-Dec; 6 (2): 33-36 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i2.6754
Impact of Unsafe Abortion: A Case Report
Authors: Soni M , Meena D , Vyas J , Khajotiya S
Published: September 2012

Legalisation of abortion is a necessary but insufficient step towards improving women’s health, if it is not supported by a strong back-up of skilled providers, adequate facilities and easy access. We report a case of a 20-year old female, who presented with uterine, vaginal and rectal perforation with macerated fetus in the abdominal cavity with severe sepsis after an attempted unsafe abortion. NJOG 2011 Nov-Dec; 6 (2): 47-48 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i2.6757
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome : A Rare Cause of Sudden Onset Vision Loss in Pregnancy
Authors: Chaudhary R , Dadhich S , Vyas J
Published: September 2012

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is a very rare cause of sudden onset vision loss in pregnancy. There are only few case reports in literature. It is characterized by headache, seizures, altered mental status and visual deficits ranging from visual neglect to cortical blindness. Here a case if PRES has been reported with discussion on its pathophysiology. NJOG 2011 Nov-Dec; 6 (2): 51-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i2.6759
Menstrual Regulation Services and Post Menstrual Regulation Care in the Context of Bangladesh
Authors: Tasnim S
Published: September 2012

Menstrual regulation (MR) program is an important component of reproductive health services that had been introduced to prevent abortion related deaths in Bangladesh. The service is provided through a nationwide network of government and non government facilities. Proper selection of cases and maintenance of quality of services are essential to prevent any complication and optimize its use. NJOG 2011 Nov-Dec; 6 (2): 53-55 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i2.6760
Cervical Cancer and HPV Vaccine in Nepal: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Dangal G
Published: September 2012

NJOG 2011 Nov-Dec; 6 (2): 56-57 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i2.6761
Post Caesarean Caecal Perforation with Fecal Peritonitis
Authors: Yadav M , Joshi P , Koirala P , Ghimire S , Safi S , Shrestha I , Ojha N , Amatya A , Gurung G , Rana A
Published: September 2012

NJOG 2011 Nov-Dec; 6 (2): 58-59 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i2.6762
On - Farm Evaluation of Natural Toxicants from Tephrosia Vogelii and Petiveria Alliacea on Megalurothrips Sjostedti and Apion Varium of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L) Walp)
Authors: Alao F O , Adebayo T A , Olaniran O A
Published: September 2012

The field study was conducted during the planting season of cowpea to evaluate the natural toxicant from Tephrosia vogelii and Petiveria alliacea and their mixture against Megalurothrips sjostedti and Apion varium at three different   concentrations (5, 10, and 20% v/v). The experiment was set up in randomized complete block design. The field observations showed that the two insect pests were effectively controlled by the botanical insecticides compared with untreated plants. Also, the plant extracts at 20% and 10% v/v significantly protected cowpea pods and grains from the damage. However, higher grain yield was obtained from the plant treated with 20% v/v compared to those treated with 10%, 5% v/v and untreated plants. Combination of the two plant extracts at 20%   v/v had the same efficacy with synthetic insecticide (Decis). Thus, these plant   extracts can be used in organic farming.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11745   Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 575-582, December 2011
Characterization and Maintenance of Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Germplasm
Authors: Islam Md Tariqul , Chowdhury Rais Uddin , Afroz Rozina , Rahman Sajia , Haque Md Mamtazul
Published: September 2012

Three experiments were conducted with 60 germplasm accessions of yam (Dioscorea spp.) at Plant Genetic Resources Centre of BARI for characterization and conservation of germplasm. Fifty-nine germplasm accessions of D. alata L. and one accession of D. bulbifera L. from different  districts of Bangladesh were used. Clockwise twining direction was found in D. bulbifera and anti-clockwise twining direction was exhibited in all D. alata germplasm accessions. Potato like aerial tuber was found in D. bulbifera. Round, oval, elongate, flattened to irregular aerial tuber shape were found.  Grayed-brown, brown to grayed-orange skin colour with yellow, yellow-orange to grayed-orange of aerial tuber flesh colour were observed among the yam germplasm accessions. Oval-oblong, cylindrical, flattened, corm, rhizome to irregular shape of underground stem or tubers were observed. Low, medium to dense types of spiniess of roots were found on the tubers. Grayed-orange, red to black tuber skin colour along with white, yellowish-white, yellow, yelloworange, red to purple tuber flesh colours were found. Significant variations were also observed in stem shape at base, colour of stem, wing and petiole wing, position of leaf, leaf shape and distance between leaf lobes. Low to high phenotypic diversity was exhibited among the germplasm accessions. The germplasm accessions produced 1 to 30 under ground tubers per plant. The main tuber length ranged from 5.4 to 66.4 cm and breadth from 2.5 to 15.5 cm. The germplasm accessions produced 0.51 kg to 16.45 kg tuber yield per plant. The maximum variability was found in tuber yield per plant (98.74%) and the minimum was found in leaf length (12.55%).The under ground tubers of yam were harvested and replanted at an interval of two to three years from 1995 at PGRC. The plants were grown on bamboo trail in the field genebank. Necessary intercultural operations are done for maintaining the yam germplasm accessions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11748 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 605-621, December 2011
Yield Gap and Production Constraints in Rice-Wheat System: Scenario From Eastern Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Mahendra
Published: September 2012

The yield gap and the production constraints in the rice-wheat (R-W) system in eastern Uttar Pradesh were studied. The yield gap II (difference between the yield obtained at nearest demonstration plot and actual yield obtained on farmers' fields in a particular region) has been found 45 percent and 38 percent in rice and wheat crops, respectively, in the irrigated rice-wheat system. The technological and socio-economic constraints have accounted for 54 percent and 46 percent of the yield gap, respectively, in the system. Soil-related constraints rank first, followed by weed-related constraints. Among the individual constraints, zinc deficiency rank first followed by nitrogen deficiency and incidence of Phalaris minor. The study has concluded that for the sustainability of the R-W system, priority should be accorded to bridge the existing yield gap  through addressing the production constraints.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11749   Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 623-632, December 2011
Potassium Status of Four Rice Growing Soils of Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin M S , Abedin Mian M J , Islam M R , Saleque M A , Islam MS
Published: September 2012

Soils of varying K status were selected at the BAU farm, Mymensingh and   BADC farm, Madhupur for conducting laboratory, pot, and field experiments to see the dynamics of potassium in wet land rice soils. The soils were BAU-1(0.087 cmol/kg soil), BAU-2 (0.146 cmol/kg soil), Maddhupur-1 soil (0.097cmol/kg soil), and Madhupur-2 soil (0.706 cmol/kg soil). Almost neutral silt loam soils (Sonatola series) of BAU firm developed on the recent alluvial deposits of Old Brahmaputra Flood Plain and the acidic clayey soils (Noadda and Kalma series) of BADC farm developed on Madhupur clay. The laboratory experiments were potassium release capacity of soils, Q/I relationships of potassium. Results of the experiments showed that BADC farm soils released more K than BAU farm soils. The Q/I relationship showed that the equilibrium exchangeable K (EK0) and labile K (KL) of Madhupur-2 soil were higher than other soils. The potential buffering capacity (PBCK) was higher in BAU-2(5.19±0.12 cmol/kg (mol/L)1/2 soil followed by BAU-1 (4.07±0.09 cmol/kg (mol/L)1/2) and then Madhupur-2 soil (2.23±0.04 cmol/kg (mol/L)1/2). BAU farm soils adsorbed 55 to 60% of added K in non-exchangeable form, while it was 33 to 39% in BADC farm soils.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11750   Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 633-646, December 2011
Effect of Sulphur Fertilization on The Growth and Yield of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.)
Authors: Zaman MS , Hashem MA , Jahiruddin M , Rahim MA
Published: September 2012

The experiment was conducted for two consecutive rabi seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), BARI, Jamalpur to find out an optimum dose of sulphur for yield maximization of garlic cv. Jamalpur local. There were six levels of sulphur viz., 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 kg/ha. A control treatment was in the experiment. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The fertilizer package N150P60K120Zn4 B1 kg/ha was applied to each plot as blanket dose.  Results revealed that most of the growth and yield parameters increased progressively with increasing rate of sulphur application. Bulb yield increased with successive increase in the level of sulphur up to 45 kg/ha and thereafter decreased. The highest bulb yield (7.05 t/ha in 2005-06 and 7.22 t/ha in 2006- 07) was achieved at 45 kg S/ha and the control treatment receiving no fertilizer had the lowest yield (3.21 t/ha in 2005-06 in and 3.26 t/ha in 2006-07). The yield benefit for 45 kg sulphur per hawas 34.2% in 2005-06 and 40.0% in 2006-07 over no sulphur. Sulphur at 45 kg/ha produced 54.5% and 54.9% higher yield over control treatment in both the years. The optimum and economic dose of sulphur for the yield of garlic were 44.0 and 43.6 kg/ha, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11751 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 647-656, December 2011
In Vitro Studies on the Fungicidal Effect on Trichoderma Species in Tea Plantation
Authors: Islam MS , Ali M , Rahman MS
Published: September 2012

Tolerance of Trichoderma species collected from tea plantation to fungicides was evaluated in vitro using poisoned food method. Fungicides like    Carbendazim 50 WP, Copperoxychloride 50 WP, Hexaconazole 5 EC, and    Propiconazole 25 EC were used at two lower and two upper of recommended doses. The growth of T. harzianum was mostly inhibited by the Carbendazim 50 WP and Propiconazole 25 EC with the recommended doses; while T. viride could grow easily with the said doses. Both species of Trichoderma grew easily in medium containing Copperoxychloride even at highest doses. Hexaconazole 5 EC proved to be highly toxic with no growth of Trichoderma harzianum in treatments containing 40.0 and 42.05 ppm. At highest concentration (42.5 ppm) of Hexaconazole 5 EC, T. viride grew after 72 hours of incubation. It was 14.44% over the control on 4th day of plating.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11758   Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 677-683, December 2011
Dimethyl Disulfide- A Potential Biopesticide Against Root-Knot Nematode of Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum L.)
Authors: Faruk MI , Rahman ML , Mustafa MMM , Coosemans IR J
Published: September 2012

Dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), the natural biopesticide extracted from Allium spp., was evaluated against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) in greenhouse pot culture. All concentrations of DMDS viz. 30 ml, 60 ml, and 80 ml and Aldicarb @ 2g per square meter of soil were effective against root-knot disease under both wet and dry conditions of soil. Nematode incidence was reduced drastically by higher dose of DMDS and Aldicarb @ 2g but did not accelerate vegetative growth of tomato plant especially when tomato seedlings were transplanted immediately after soil treatment. Low concentration of DMDS (30 ml per square meter of soil) was found appropriate for controlling root-knot nematode of tomato, accelerating saprophytic nematode population in soil and also enhancing vegetative growth of tomato plant under dry condition of soil.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11759   Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 685-695, December 2011
Effect of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts on the Germination of Wheat Seeds
Authors: Mamun MSA , Shahjahan M
Published: September 2012

Not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11763 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 733-739, December 2011
Validation and Optimization of a Simple RP-HPLC Method for Determination of Trimetazidine in Human Serum and its Application in a Pharmacokinetic Study with Healthy Bangladeshi Male Volunteers
Authors: Chowdhury Md Mazharul Islam , Ullah Md Ashik , Maruf Abdullah Al , Islam Mohammad Safiqul , Ahmed Maizbha Uddin , Shohag Md Hasanuzzaman , Azad MAK , Hasnat Abul
Published: September 2012

Trimetazidine is an effective and well-tolerated antianginal drug. In the present study, a simple, sensitive  and specific liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection was developed and validated for the  quantification of trimetazidine in human serum samples using caffeine as internal standard. Protein precipitation  method with methanol was employed in the extraction of trimetazidine and caffeine from biological matrix. The  chromatographic separation was accomplished on Xterra C18 Column with a mobile phase consisting 0.01 M  potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 4.16 ± 0.01 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid, with a solvent system of  triethanolamine and acetonitrile (90:10) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The chromatogram was monitored at a  wavelength of 207 nm. The method was validated over a linear concentration range of 5-200 ng/ml and limit of  quantification (LOQ) was 5.0 ng/ml with a coefficient of correlation (r2) ? 0.996. The intra-day and inter-day  precision expressed as relative standard deviation was 3.40%-11.63% and 1.30%-10.21%, respectively. The average  recovery of trimetazidine from serum was 97.44%. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study  after oral administration of modified release trimetazidine hydrochloride tablet (35 mg) in healthy Bangladeshi  volunteers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11783 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 71-78, 2011 (December)
Preparation and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Floating Tablets of Atorvastatin Calcium
Authors: Sharmin Florida , Masum Md Abdullah Al , Islam SM Ashraful , Reza Md Selim
Published: September 2012

This investigation describes the preparation and in vitro evaluation of gastro retentive floating tablets of atorvastatin calcium. Two hydrophilic cellulose derivatives, Methocel K4M and Methocel K15M CR were used in   floating tablets as gel forming agents to control drug release. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were incorporated as gas generating agents. The tablets prepared by direct compression technique were evaluated by various quality parameters including weight variation, hardness and buoyancy studies. In vitro drug release was determined for eight   hours using USP XXII paddle-type dissolution apparatus in 0.1N HCl solution containing 1% sodium lauryl sulphate. The release mechanisms were explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer equations.  The release rates, extent and mechanisms, were found to be governed by polymer loading. It was also found that the   polymer content significantly affected the mean dissolution time, percentage of drug release, release rate constant and  diffusion exponent. Based on the dissolution data and floating time, formulation F-3 containing Methocel K4M and F-9 containing Methocel K15M CR may be considered as the best formulation. So an effective floating tablet of atorvastatin calcium can be prepared by using both the grades of HPMC.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11784   Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 79-85, 2011 (December)
Development and in vitro Evaluation of Sustained Release Matrix Tablets of Indapamide from Methocel® K15 MCR and K100 LVCR
Authors: Das Utpal , Halder Shimul , Kabir Abul Kalam Lutful , Or Rashid Harun , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur
Published: September 2012

Indapamide, a low-dose thiazide-type diuretic, is used for the treatment of essential hypertension. In this study, we developed an indapamide sustained release formulation using Methocel K15 MCR (a modified    hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), Methocel K100 LVCR (a modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), magnesium stearate, talc and starch 1500 by direct compression. The powders for tableting were evaluated for angle of repose, loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, compressibility index, total porosity etc. The tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation test, hardness, friability and in vitro release studies. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out in the gastric medium (pH 1.3) for first two hours and then in the intestinal medium (pH 6.8) for 22 hours using United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) 22 paddle-type dissolution apparatus. The granules showed satisfactory flow properties, compressibility index etc. All the tablets complied with pharmacopoeial specifications. The results of    dissolution studies indicated that the formulation F-5 and F-7 (up to 75.36 % drug release in 12 hours) could extend the drug release up to 12 hours. The drug release patterns were simulated in different kinetic orders such as Zero Order release kinetics, First Order release kinetics, Higuchi release kinetics, Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics and Hixson-Crowell release kinetics to assess the release mechanism. From the study we observed that Higuchi release    kinetics was the predominant release mechanism than Zero Order and First Order kinetics. The drug release mechanism from the matrix tablets was found to be non Fickian mechanism.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11785   Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 87-92, 2011 (December)
Formulation and in vitro Evaluation of Betahistine Dihydrochloride Twice Daily Controlled Release Matrix Tablet
Authors: Islam Asraful , Halder Shimul , Bachar Sitesh Chandra
Published: September 2012

In order to reduce dosing frequency, a sustained release dosage form of betahistine dihydrochloride was developed as a twice daily controlled release tablet formulation that could be used to decrease vertigo resulted in Meniere's disease for a prolonged time. Six formulations were developed by using Methocel K4M CR, Methocel K15M CR and Methocel K 100 LVCR as single and combinations in different percentage. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. Physical properties of betahistine dihydrochloride granules and betahistine dihydrochloride matrix tablets were evaluated. The tablets were characterized for Betahistine Dihydrochloride release in both gastric simulated fluid (0.1 N HCl, pH 1.3) and simulated intestinal fluid (buffer solution pH 6.8). The data     were subjected to different models in order to evaluate their release kinetics and mechanisms. The results of the in vitro dissolution study indicate that most of the formulations showed above 80% of drug release in 12 hours but formulations (F-2 and F-4) met the official specification of release profile. Dissolution data were fitted to zero order equation, Higuchi square root law, Korsmeyer-Peppas model and Hixson-Crowell cube root law as these plots showed the highest value of linearity to evaluate kinetic data. The release of betahistine dihydrochloride was prolonged for 12 hours indicating the usefulness of the formulations for twice daily dosage forms, leading to improve efficacy, controlling the release and better patient compliance.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11786   Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 93-100, 2011 (December)
Design and Evaluation of Metoprolol Tartrate Containing Buccal Tablets
Authors: Nagendrakumar D , Shirsand S B , Para MS , Makadia CK
Published: September 2012

Metoprolol tartrate is a selective ?-1 adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of the cardiovascular system, especially hypertension. It is readily and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract but is subjected to considerable first- pass metabolism having half-life of 3 to 4 hr. It has 12% oral bioavailability. These physicochemical properties of metoprolol tartrate (undergoing considerable first- pass metabolism, low molecular weight) make it suitable candidate for administration by buccal route. Bilayered buccal tablets of metoprolol tartrate were prepared by direct compression method using combinations of polymers (carbopol 934p along with sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium alginate and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K4M), using mannitol as a channeling agent and ethyl cellulose as a backing layer. The tablets were evaluated for physical and biological parameters. Among the 15 formulations, the formulation FA1 containing sodium alginate (34.00% w/w of matrix layer), Carbopol 934p (6.0% w/w of matrix layer) and mannitol (channeling agent, 8.0% w/w of matrix layer) was found to be promising, which showed t25%, t50%, t70% values of 0.42, 2.45, 4.48 hr respectively and in vitro drug release    of 86.04% in 8 hr along with satisfactory bioadhesive strength (5.00±0.10 g). Stability studies on the promising formulations indicated that there are no significant changes in drug content and in vitro dissolution characteristics (p<0.05). Infra-redspectroscopic studies indicated that there are no drug-excipient interactions. The prepared buccal tablets of metoprolol tartrate could stay in the buccal cavity for a longer period of time, which indicate a potential use of mucoadhesive tablets of metoprolol tartrate for treating blood pressure.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11787   Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 101-108, 2011 (December)
Formulation and Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablet of Domperidone
Authors: Islam Ashiqul , Haider Syed Shabbir , Reza Md Selim
Published: September 2012

The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate orodispersible tablets of domperidone by  direct compression method. Sodium starch glycolate ( SCG ), Kollidone CLSF and sodium bicarbonate were used as  disintegrants to achieve the desired disintegration time required for orodispersible tablets. To mask the bitter taste of  drug, impart sweetness and to offer a better feeling in mouth, saccharin sodium, aspartame, citric acid, menthol and  lemon flavor were also added. Mannitol and lactose were used as sugar based multifunctional diluents. The prepared  tablets were evaluated for their physical (hardness, friability, weight variation), organoleptic (taste, mouth-feel, color)  and functional (disintegration time) properties and for the drug content. The excipients were used in various  concentrations in order to optimize the desired properties. SCG and Kollidone CLSF, used in 5.5% and 4%  respectively, gave satisfactory disintegration time using BP instrument and within the mouth. Combination of  saccharin sodium (1.5%) and aspartame (3%) along with mannitol (40%) and other excipients effectively masked the  bitterness and provided satisfactory sweetness level. Incorporation of 0.05% menthol provided excellent mouth  feeling as assessed by a panel of volunteers. Hardness and friability values were also optimized in the formulations to  produce tablets of acceptable physical stability and mechanical strength. Weight variation and drug content of all  formulations fully complied with the official specifications.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11791   Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 117-122, 2011 (December)
Biological Screenings of Two Araceous Plants Growing in Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque Tanjina , Sikder Md Al Amin , Kaisar Mohammad A , Chowdhury Abu Asad , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: September 2012

Two Bangladeshi medicinal plants from Araceae family, Alocasia indica and Steudnera virosa, have been investigated for their in vitro thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing antimicrobial activities and generalized    toxicity. The total phenolic content was also determined and expressed in gallic acid equivalent. The membrane stabilizing activity was assessed by heat and hypotonic solution induced methods. The carbon tetrachloride soluble  fraction (CTCSF) of A. indica and aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF) of S. virosa demonstrated strong membrane stabilizing activity. Different extractives of A. indica and S. virosa showed moderate thrombolytic activity. Among the two plants, the methanoic crude extract and its chloroform soluble partitionate of S. virosa revealed moderate inhibition of microbial growth. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the pet-ether and carbon tetrachloride soluble fractions of A. indica and the crude extract and its pet-ether soluble fraction of S. virosa were found to be as lethal as    Vincristine sulphate after 24 hours observation on shrimp nauplii.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11794   Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 131-135, 2011(December)
The Study of in vitro and in vivo Effects of Concurrent Administration of Paracetamol and Zinc on the Antibacterial Activity of Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad Rezwanul , Sultan Md Zakir , Baki Mohammad Abdullahil , Rahman Md Aknur , Hossain Md Aslam , Hossain Md Amjad , Amran Md Shah
Published: September 2012

Concurrent administration of more than one drug is a common practice in medical science and in such case one drug may affect the pharmacology of another drug. Ciprofloxacin is a commonly used antibiotic in Bangladesh and frequently prescribed with paracetamol and zinc salt for concomitant use in patients suffering from  infections. Therefore, the interaction of ciprofloxacin with paracetamol and zinc salt was studied in vitro at pH 1.2,  6.8 and 7.4 which are related to gastric, intestinal juices and blood environment, respectively. In vitro evaluation of  ciprofloxacin complexes with paracetamol and zinc was carried on several gram positive and gram negative microorganisms by disc diffusion method. The in vivo effect of the complexes was assessed by determining the plasma concentration in mice by spectroscopic method. It was observed that in the in vitro study paracetamol and zinc has insignificant effect on the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin although zinc itself showed some  antibacterial activity; and in the in vivo study it was found that zinc sulphate reduced the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin HCl.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11795   Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 137-142, 2011 (December)
Bioassay of two Leguminous Plants: Enterolobium saman Prain and Albizzia lebbek Benth
Authors: Islam M Kaisarul , Rahman Asma , Hossain Md S , Jabbar A
Published: September 2012

Not available   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v10i2.11796   Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 10(2): 143-146, 2011 (December)
Binuclear Rhenium and Manganese Carbonyl Compounds Containing Hetero-Mercaptanes
Authors: Hoque Md Anwarul , Miah Md Arzu , Abser Md Nurul , Azad Abul K , Khan Kamrun N , Karim Md Manzurul
Published: September 2012

Treatment of 2-Mercaptothiazoline, 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-Mercapto-1- methylimidazole with [M2(CO)10] (M = Re and Mn) at ambient temperature in presence of decarbonylating reagent Me3NO give the complexes [Mn2(?-?2-C3H4NS2)2(CO)6] (1), [Re2(?-?2-C3H4NS2)2(CO)6] (2), [Mn2(?-?2-C7H5SN2)2(CO)6] (3), [Re2(?-?2- C7H5SN2)2(CO)6] (4), [Re2(?-?2-C4H5N2S)2(CO)6] (5) and [Re2(?1-C4H5N2SH)(CO)9] (6) respectively. All the compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. The heterocyclic ligands are expected to be coordinated to two or single metal atom through the nitrogen and sulfur atoms or via only sulfur atom.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v25i1.11775 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 25(1), 62-70, 2012>
Microemulsions as Nanoreactors for Preparation of Nanoparticles with Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Hossain Sakhawat , Fatema Ummul K , Mollah Md Yousuf A , Rahman M Muhibur , Hasan susan Md Abu Bin
Published: September 2012

Nanoparticles of silver and copper have been synthesized by reduction of aqueous silver  nitrate and copper chloride solutions with sodium borohydride in anionic water-in-oil  (w/o) microemulsions, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)/1-pentanol/cyclohexane/water.  Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images, energy dispersive spectra (EDX) and UVspectra  have been used to characterize the resultant nanoparticles. The average size of the  nanoparticles has been found to be influenced by the water to surfactant molar ratio (Wo)  in the microemulsions. Smaller particles are obtained at low Wo, while higher Wo yields  larger particles. The antibiotic sensitivity of silver and copper nanoparticles against  Escherichia coli (E. coli) was tested by zone inhibition method using nanoparticles in  ethanol suspension. Both silver and copper nanoparticles showed the potential for use as  antibacterial agents against E. coli with sensitivity as good as conventional antibiotics.  Silver nanoparticles show higher antibacterial activity against E. coli, compared to copper nanoparticles. As the amount of the nanoparticles in the suspension decreases, antibacterial activity decreases; however the concentration dependence on antibacterial  activity has been less pronounced. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v25i1.11777 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 25(1), 71-79, 2012
Synthesis of Dichloro-Palladium-4-(2,5-Dibromo Imidazolyl)- 2′-Amino Pyridyl Complex As Pre-Catalyst And Its Application In Suzuki-Miyaura Cross Coupling Reaction
Authors: Hashem Md Abul , Akter Mosammat Hasina , Farhana Fatiha
Published: September 2012

4-(2,5-Dibromoimidazolyl)-2?-aminopyridyl form complex with Na2PdCl4 in methanol. 1 mmol% of the complex was utilized in Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction to prepare substituted biphenyls and terphenyls in good to excellent yields. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcs.v25i1.11779 Journal of Bangladesh Chemical Society, Vol. 25(1), 87-96, 2012
A Greenhouse Gas and Soil Carbon Model for Estimating the Carbon Footprint of Livestock Production in Canada
Authors: Vergé Xavier P.C. , Dyer James A. , Worth Devon E. , Smith Ward N. , Desjardins Raymond L. , McConkey Brian G.
Published: September 2012

To assess tradeoffs between environmental sustainability and changes in food production on agricultural land in Canada the Unified Livestock Industry and Crop Emissions Estimation System (ULICEES) was developed. It incorporates four livestock specific GHG assessments in a single model. To demonstrate the application of ULICEES, 10% of beef cattle protein production was assumed to be displaced with an equivalent amount of pork protein. Without accounting for the loss of soil carbon, this 10% shift reduced GHG emissions by 2.5 TgCO2e y−1. The payback period was defined as the number of years required for a GHG reduction to equal soil carbon lost from the associated land use shift. A payback period that is shorter than 40 years represents a net long term decrease in GHG emissions. Displacing beef cattle with hogs resulted in a surplus area of forage. When this residual land was left in ungrazed perennial forage, the payback periods were less than 4 years and when it was reseeded to annual crops, they were equal to or less than 40 years. They were generally greater than 40 years when this land was used to raise cattle. Agricultural GHG mitigation policies will inevitably involve a trade-off between production, land use and GHG emission reduction. ULICEES is a model that can objectively assess these trade-offs for Canadian agriculture.
Cosmology of F(T) Gravity and k-Essence
Authors: Myrzakulov Ratbay
Published: September 2012

This a brief review on F(T) gravity and its relation with k-essence. Modified teleparallel gravity theory with the torsion scalar has recently gained a lot of attention as a possible explanation of dark energy. We perform a thorough reconstruction analysis on the so-called F(T) models, where F(T) is some general function of the torsion term, and deduce the required conditions for the equivalence between of F(T) models with pure kinetic k-essence models. We present a new class of models of F(T)-gravity and k-essence.
Response Surface Methodology: An Emphatic Tool for Optimized Biodiesel Production Using Rice Bran and Sunflower Oils
Authors: Mumtaz Muhammad Waseem , Adnan Ahmad , Anwar Farooq , Mukhtar Hamid , Raza Muhammad Asam , Ahmad Farooq , Rashid Umer
Published: September 2012

The current study describes the emphatic use of response surface methodology for the optimized biodiesel production using chemical and enzymatic transesterification of rice bran and sunflower oils. Optimal biodiesel yields were determined to be 65.3 ± 2.0%, 73.4 ± 3.5%, 96.5 ± 1.6%, 89.3 ± 2.0% and 41.7 ± 3.9% for rice bran oil and 65.6 ± 1.2%, 82.1 ± 1.7%, 92.5 ± 2.8%, 72.6 ± 1.6% and 50.4 ± 2.5% for sunflower oil via the transesterification catalyzed by NaOH, KOH and NaOCH3,NOVOZYME-435 and A.n. Lipase, respectively. Based upon analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Response Surface plots significant impact of reaction parameters under study was ascertained. FTIR spectroscopic and HPLC methods were employed for monitoring the transesterification reaction progress while GC-MS analysis was performed to evaluate the compositional analysis of biodiesel. The fuel properties of both the rice bran and sunflower oil based biodiesel were shown to be technically compatible with the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The monitoring of exhaust emission of synthesized biodiesels and their blends revealed a marked reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate matter (PM) levels, whereas an irregular trend was observed for NOx emissions.
Analysis of Endocrine Disrupting Pesticides by Capillary GC with Mass Spectrometric Detection
Authors: Matisová Eva , Hrouzková Svetlana
Published: September 2012

Endocrine disrupting chemicals, among them many pesticides, alter the normal functioning of the endocrine system of both wildlife and humans at very low concentration levels. Therefore, the importance of method development for their analysis in food and the environment is increasing. This also covers contributions in the field of ultra-trace analysis of multicomponent mixtures of organic pollutants in complex matrices. With this fact conventional capillary gas chromatography (CGC) and fast CGC with mass spectrometric detection (MS) has acquired a real importance in the analysis of endocrine disrupting pesticide (EDP) residues. This paper provides an overview of GC methods, including sample preparation steps, for analysis of EDPs in a variety of matrices at ultra-trace concentration levels. Emphasis is put on separation method, mode of MS detection and ionization and obtained limits of detection and quantification. Analysis time is one of the most important aspects that should be considered in the choice of analytical methods for routine analysis. Therefore, the benefits of developed fast GC methods are important.
Artificial Cold Air Increases the Cardiovascular Risks in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Luo Bin , Zhang Shuyu , Ma Shoucun , Zhou Ji , Wang Baojian
Published: September 2012

The purpose was to investigate the effects of artificial cold air on cardiovascular risk in hypertensive subjects. An artificial cold air was simulated with hourly ambient temperature data of a real moderate cold air in China. Twenty-four male SHR rats were randomly divided into the minimum temperature (Tmin) group, the rewarming temperature (Tr) group and two concurrent control groups with six rats in each (Tmin and Tr represent two cold air time points, respectively). Tmin and Tr groups were exposed to the cold air that was stopped at Tmin and Tr, respectively. After cold air exposure, blood pressure, heart rate and body weight were monitored, blood was collected for the detection of some indexes like fibrinogen, total cholesterol and uric acid. Results demonstrated that blood pressure, whole blood viscosity, blood fibrinogen, total cholesterol and uric acid increased significantly both in the Tmin and Tr groups; low density lipoprotein/high density lipoprotein increased significantly only in Tr group; there was higher level of blood fibrinogen in the Tr group than the Tmin group; higher levels of creatine kinase-MB was found in both the Tmin and Tr groups. These results suggest that cold air may increase the cardiovascular risks in hypertensive subjects indirectly through its effects on the sympathetic nervous system and renin angiotensin system, blood pressure and atherosclerosis risk factors like blood viscosity and fibrinogen, lipids and uric acid in the blood.
Characterization of Isoforms of the Lectin Isolated from the Red Algae Bryothamnion seaforthii and Its Pro-Healing Effect
Authors: Gonzaga do Nascimento-Neto Luiz , Carneiro Romulo Farias , Da Silva Suzete Roberta , Da Silva Bruno Rocha , Arruda Francisco Vassiliepe Sousa , Carneiro Victor Alves , Do Nascimento Kyria Santiago , Saker-Sampaio Silvana , Da Silva Valdemiro Amaro , Porto Ana Lúcia Figueiredo , Cavada Benildo Sousa , Sampaio Alexandre Holanda , Teixeira Edson Holanda , Nagano Celso Shiniti
Published: September 2012

Lectins are a structurally heterogeneous group of proteins that have specific binding sites for carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. Because of their biotechnological potential, lectins are widely used in biomedical research. The present study aimed to evaluate the healing potential of the lectin isolated from the marine red alga Bryothamnion seaforthii (BSL). The lectin was purified using ion exchange chromatography with DEAE cellulose and characterized using tandem mass spectrometry. For healing tests, skin wounds were induced in the dorsal thoracic region of mice. These animals were randomly divided into three groups and subjected to topical treatment for 12 days with BSL, bovine serum albumin and 150 mM NaCl. To evaluate the potential of each treatment, the animals were anesthetized and sacrificed on days 2, 7 and 12, respectively. The parameters evaluated included the wound area, the proportion of wound closure and the histological diagnosis. The wound closure was more effective with BSL (Postoperative Day 7 and 12) than controls. The luminal epithelium was completely restructured; the presence of collagen in the dermis and the strongly active presence of young skin annexes demonstrate the potential of treatment with BSL compared with controls. Our findings suggest that BSL has pro-healing properties and can be a potential medical process in the treatment of acute wounds.
Assessing the Relationship between Vitamin D3 and Stratum Corneum Hydration for the Treatment of Xerotic Skin
Authors: Russell Meghan
Published: September 2012

Vitamin D3 has been called the “sunshine” vitamin since the formation of vitamin D is mediated by exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D3 is linked to many health benefits, however serum levels of vitamin D3 have been decreasing over the last few decades and the lower levels of vitamin D3 may have consequences on normal physiology. We investigated the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and stratum corneum conductance as well as the effect of topical application of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on dry skin. Eighty three subjects were recruited and blood serum levels and skin conductance measurements were taken after a one week washout. A correlation was observed between vitamin D levels and skin moisture content, individuals with lower levels of vitamin D had lower average skin moisture. Subsequently, a 3-week split leg, randomized, vehicle controlled clinical study was conducted on a subset of 61 of the above individuals who were identified with non-sufficient vitamin D serum levels. Topical supplementation with cholecalciferol significantly increased measurements of skin moisturization and resulted in improvements in subjective clinical grading of dry skin. Taken together our finding suggest a relationship between serum vitamin D3 (25(OH)D) levels and hydration of the stratum corneum and further demonstrate the skin moisture benefit from topical application of vitamin D3.
Intake of Dairy Products in Relation to Periodontitis in Older Danish Adults
Authors: Adegboye Amanda R. A. , Christensen Lisa B. , Holm-Pedersen Poul , Avlund Kirsten , Boucher Barbara J. , Heitmann Berit L.
Published: September 2012

This cross-sectional study investigates whether calcium intakes from dairy and non-dairy sources, and absolute intakes of various dairy products, are associated with periodontitis. The calcium intake (mg/day) of 135 older Danish adults was estimated by a diet history interview and divided into dairy and non-dairy calcium. Dairy food intake (g/day) was classified into four groups: milk, cheese, fermented foods and other foods. Periodontitis was defined as the number of teeth with attachment loss ≥3 mm. Intakes of total dairy calcium (Incidence-rate ratio (IRR) = 0.97; p = 0.021), calcium from milk (IRR = 0.97; p = 0.025) and fermented foods (IRR = 0.96; p = 0.03) were inversely and significantly associated with periodontitis after adjustment for age, gender, education, sucrose intake, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, vitamin D intake, heart disease, visits to the dentist, use of dental floss and bleeding on probing, but non-dairy calcium, calcium from cheese and other types of dairy food intakes were not. Total dairy foods (IRR = 0.96; p = 0.003), milk (IRR = 0.96; p = 0.028) and fermented foods intakes (IRR = 0.97; p = 0.029) were associated with reduced risk of periodontitis, but cheese and other dairy foods intakes were not. These results suggest that dairy calcium, particularly from milk and fermented products, may protect against periodontitis. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Induction of Functional Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Rabbit Embryonic Stem Cells by Exposure to Severe Hypoxic Conditions
Authors: Teramura Takeshi , Onodera Yuta , Takehara Toshiyuki , Frampton John , Matsuoka Toshiki , Ito Syunsuke , Nakagawa Koichi , Miki Yoshihisa , Hosoi Yoshihiko , Hamanishi Chiaki , Fukuda Kanji
Published: September 2012

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to be used as an unlimited cell source for cell transplantation therapy, as well as for studying mechanisms of disease and early mammalian development. However, applications involving ESCs have been limited by the lack of reliable differentiation methods in many cases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have also emerged as a promising cell source, but as suggested in recent studies, these cells display limited potential for proliferation and differentiation, thereby limiting their usefulness in the clinic and in the laboratory. Unfortunately, effective methods for induction of MSCs from pluripotent stem cells have not been established, and the development of such methods remains a major challenge facing stem cell biologists. Oxygen concentration is one of the most important factors regulating tissue development. It has profound effects on cell metabolism and physiology and can strongly influence stem cell fate. Here we demonstrate that severe low O2concentrations (1%) can function as a selective pressure for removing undifferentiated pluripotent cells during the induction of MSCs from rabbit ESCs (rESCs) and that MSCs induced under severe hypoxic conditions function as normal MSCs; that is, they repopulate after cloning, express specific markers (vimentin, CD29, CD90, CD105, and CD140a) and differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these cells can contribute to cartilage regeneration in an in vivo rabbit model for joint cartilage injury. These results support the notion that exposing ESCs to severe hypoxic conditions during differentiation can be used as a strategy for the preparation of functional MSCs from ESCs.