Effect of Asymmetrically Reinforced Membrane on Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Jaouen Frederic , Amigues Simon , Bibent Nicolas , Chattot Raphael , Gasmi Amir , Bach Baptiste , Iojoiu Cristina , Planes Emilie , Eriksson Björn , Nikolic Nikola , Grimler Henrik 
Published: February 2024

Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFCs) is promising for the generation of electric power from hydrogen, with the expected possible replacement of precious metal catalysts by Earth abundant ones.[1-2] Beyond the independent properties of core materials (AEM, anode and cathode catalysts), the water management during operation is key to achieving high power density, but also high longevity. Thin AEMs are critical to achieve high AEMFC power performance, as the back-diffusion of water from anode to cathode critically helps to mitigate anode flooding. [3] Due to the high swelling of hydrated AEMs, good mechanical durability of thin AEMs however typically requires the introduction of a reinforcement, often a porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane filled with the anion exchange ionomer.

Here, we investigated the structure of different commercial AEMs and their behavior in operating AEMFC. We identified that the position of the reinforced layer (PTFE or other) strongly differs from one type of AEM to another. In the case of strongly asymmetric through-plane position of the PTFE layer (Fig. 1a), the positioning of the PTFE reinforcement close to anode or to cathode has a significant impact on initial power performance (Fig. 1b). A better performance and improved stability was observed with the PTFE layer close to the anode, suggesting that the asymmetric structure can improve the water management in such configuration. The presentation will discuss the results obtained on different commercial AEMs, and whether the asymmetric structure of AEM can be combined with PTFE hydrophobized anodes for even improved performance. The effect of the reinforcement position on the water management was also studied operando by two techniques. With high energy X-ray diffraction technique on an AEMFC under current load, the water distribution profile across the MEA thickness could be obtained from phase deconvolution analysis. With the use of relative humidity sensors at the outlet of anode and cathode of a regular AEMFC setup, [4] the water balance at a given current load could be established and compared for the two different positionings of reinforced AEM.

The results shed light on the importance of identifying the position of PTFE reinforcement in commercial or in-house AEM for AEMFC application, with potential implications also for AEM electrolyzers or water-CO2 co-electrolyzers.

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Figure 1