bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СПЕЦИФІКА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЗАГОЛОВКІВ-ПАРАДОКСІВ В ЕСЕЇСТИЧНОМУ ТЕКСТІ (ЗА МАТЕРІАЛАМИ ЗБІРОК С. ПРОЦЮКА)
Authors: Yakubovska Mariia , Shevchenko Tetiana
Published: September 2023

У статті проаналізовано специфіку функціонування заголовків-парадоксів в есеїстичному тексті. Матеріалом дослідження стали есеї зі збірок відомого сучасного письменника С. Процюка «Аналіз крові», «Відкинуті і воскреслі», «Гіркий світ, солодкий світ», «Канатохідці», «Канатоходці», «Тіні зʼявляються на світанку». Обґрунтовано виняткову роль заголовка в есеїстичному тексті, котрий за природою є парадоксальним, адже в есеї автор запитує, грає і провокує на діалог, апелюючи до механізмів уяви та ціннісних орієнтирів читача, не скутого єдиною перспективою бачення і мислення. Звернено увагу, що реципієнт відіграє принципову роль у формуванні змістової цілісності есеїстичної форми. На підставі аналізу текстів і їх заголовків зі збірок С. Процюка доведено, що парадокс у заголовку есею – це словесна композиція, якій властиві алогізм або суперечність, синхронна реалізація відношень контрасту і тотожності, узагальненість і сполучуваність, непередбачуваність у визначенні відомого і традиційного. Прийом парадоксу в заголовковому комплексі есеїстичного тексту – це алогічний зв’язок двох частин одного чи декількох висловлювань, за допомогою якого об’єднуються контроверсійні поняття, заперечуються чи переглядаються загальноприйняті погляди та уявлення. Улюбленими стилістичними прийомами створення парадоксів у назвах есеїв С. Процюка стали повтор, антитеза, гіпербола, метафора, персоніфікація, каламбур, оксюморон тощо. Зроблено висновок, що есеїст впливає на читача передусім через емоційну сферу, а поєднання стилістично чи семантично непоєднуваних елементів – продуктивний засіб експресивного ефекту сприймання тексту, у якому парадоксальність у викладі матеріалу є нормою. Узагальнено, що заголовки-парадокси – важливий елемент есеїстичного тексту, частина ідіостилю, особливо якщо автор тексту – письменник, творець словесних образів. Ці заголовки наділені прагматичним потенціалом, оскільки експресивність у поєднанні з іншими мовними засобами підсилює емоційний вплив на читача.
СИСТЕМАТИЗАЦІЯ НЕВЕРБАЛЬНИХ ОЗНАК ХАРИЗМАТИЧНОЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ ПУБЛІЧНОГО МОВЦЯ
Authors: Boichenko Mariia
Published: September 2023

Стаття містить обґрунтування раціонального термінологічного мінімуму понять, які вже функціонують у науці та які доцільно вживати на позначення невербальних ознак харизматичної особистості публічного мовця під час опису результатів міждисциплінарних досліджень численних феноменів його комунікативної поведінки. Серед безлічі міждисциплінарних ознак харизматичної особистості публічного мовця, що функціонують наразі в гуманітарних науках, зокрема соціології, психології, лінгвістиці, авторкою сформовано матрицю їхніх альтернатив, до складу якої введено лише поняття, що є абстрагованими від галузі наукового знання, в якій вони функціонують, та поняття ознак харизматичної особистості публічного мовця, що сприймаються представниками аудиторії. До складу матриці не ввійшла певна кількість некоректних ознак, які мають синонімічний характер або статус другорядних і перебувають у причинно-наслідковому зв’язку з введеними до неї більш абстрактними ознаками (наприклад, уважність як передумова виникнення емпатії; розважливість як прямий наслідок наявності інтелекту; рішучість як наслідок заповзятості тощо). Доведено, що для вичерпного наукового опису результатів міждисциплінарних досліджень численних феноменів комунікативної поведінки харизматичного публічного мовця водночас із іншими мовленнєво-лінгвістичними, психологічними, культурно-соціальними і фізіологічними (погляд, пози, жести, голос, інтонація тощо) ознаками та їх відповідними комплексами доцільним є вживання таких понять, як інтелект, впевненість, заповзятість, натхненність, комунікабельність, домінантність, нарцисизм, візіонерство, що стосуються харизматичних якостей особистості мовця й є за своєю сутністю конвенціалізованими історично. Вказано на перспективність продовження подібних аналізів мовленнєво-лінгвістичних, психологічних, культурно-соціальних і фізіологічних ознак мовця.
Functional trait dataset of benthic macroinvertebrates in South Korean streams
Authors: Adhurya Sagar , Lee Da-Yeong , Lee Dae-Seong , Park Young-seuk
Published: September 2023

Functional traits are the result of evolution and adaptation, providing important ecological insights into how organisms interact with their environment. Benthic macroinvertebrates, in particular, have garnered attention as biomonitoring indicators for freshwater ecosystems. This study presents a functional trait dataset for benthic macroinvertebrates, comprising 447 taxa (393 at genus level, 53 at family level and one at class level) from five phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Nematomorpha, and Platyhelmenthes), categorized into nine traits related to life history, morphology, and habit. To account for variation in available trait information, we assigned confidence levels to each taxon and functional trait based on the level of evidence using fuzzy coding. Our dataset provides an important resource for understanding the ecology of benthic macroinvertebrates in South Korea, serving as a valuable baseline dataset for studying their biodiversity, conservation, and biomonitoring in freshwater ecosystems.
A Corpus-based Study on the Oral Logico-semantic Meaning-makings of Chinese EFL learners
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: September 2023

Logico-semantics is an important grammatical resource for assessing a language user’s meaning potential for clause complexing in Systemic Functional Linguistics. This study intends to explore the logico-semantic features on the part of Chinese EFL learners in speaking based on a corpus approach. The findings are indicative that extending is the most frequently used logico-semantic type, and elaboration is the least by Chinese EFL learners. Chinese EFL learners tend to use logical conjunctions more frequently than English native speakers, which the overuse of elaboration and extending reflects Chinese EFL learners’ lack of KAL (Knowledge About Language) about written and spoken discourse and neglect of structural roles logico-semantic relations play. The study also shows that Chinese EFL learners at lower English levels use logical con-junctions more frequently than those at higher levels, which is attributed to the growth in the use of grammatical metaphors. The findings call for further research into the oral logico-semantics by Chinese EFL learners and expect to provide insights into pedagogical implications for teaching spoken English.
Public-private partnership in the penitentiary sphere: some directions of development
Authors: Rodionov Aleksey , Skiba Andrey , Voronin Mihail
Published: September 2023

Based on the study of penal enforcement and other legislation, scientific literature, as well as the practice of execution of punishments in Russia and abroad, the article formulates a number of directions for the development of public-private partnership in the penitentiary sphere. Particular emphasis is placed on the «denationalization» of the organization of the execution of punishments, including taking into account its economic efficiency, the expediency of achieving the correction of convicts mainly through their involvement in labor and social impact, resuscitation of exile as a type of punishment. It is proposed to develop a concept of interaction of the penal enforcement system with the business community, public and other non-governmental organizations.
Legal status of foreign citizens in the execution of criminal penalties: history, current state, development prospects
Authors: Golovastova Yuliya , Vidova Tat’jana , Mitjaeva Julija
Published: September 2023

The article discusses the peculiarities of the application of Russian penal enforcement legislation in relation to a special specific category of convicts - foreign citizens. In the course of the research, general and special methods of scientific cognition were used: dialectical, formal-logical, functional, system-structural, comparative-legal, as well as the method of legal modeling. Attention is drawn to the development of the penal status of foreign citizens since the XVII century. The paper notes that the process of execution of criminal penalties with the participation of foreign persons has peculiar features. The authors come to the conclusion that the need to improve the legal regulation of the penal enforcement status of convicted foreign citizens makes it possible to propose the introduction of an additional measure of punishment in relation to the category of convicts under study - the criminal expulsion of foreign citizens from the Russian Federation.
Review of the manuscript of the bibliographic reference book “Russia–Kazakhstan: some aspects of scientific cooperation in the specialty 12.00.08 (2016-2021)» (author’s team: N. S. Maloletkina, A. P. Skiba, Z. S. Tokubaev)
Authors: Ivancov Sergey
Published: September 2023

The review of the manuscript of the bibliographic reference book focuses on some of its features: the presence of a brief description of numerous international and other conferences and other scientific and practical events with the participation of colleagues from Russia, Kazakhstan and other countries (especially conducted by the Department of Penal Enforcement Law of the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia), annotations, table of contents and a list of authors of some monographs and educational materials manuals, texts of agreements on scientific cooperation between educational organizations, etc. Giving a positive assessment of the work of the author’s team and recommending the publication of this manuscript, the reviewer pointed out that in the following editions of the bibliographic reference book, it is possible to further expand the geography of coverage of the activities of other universities, in particular the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Introduction of probation in the Russian Federation: interaction of state bodies and public organizations” (March 10, 2023)
Authors: Skiba Andrey Petrovich , Skomoroh Oleg Aleksandrovich , Feoktistov Sergej
Published: September 2023

On March 10, 2023, the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Introduction of Probation in the Russian Federation: Interaction of state bodies and public organizations” was held on the basis of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region. It was dedicated to the Federal Law «On Probation in the Russian Federation», adopted on February 6, 2023. The Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and the St. Petersburg Theological Academy also co-organized this event. A feature of the event was a wide range of analyzed law enforcement, legal and theoretical problems that already take place depending on the specifics of various regions of our country, and will also arise in the near future in the interaction of state bodies and public organizations in the context of the use of all types of probation (penitentiary, executive and post-penitentiary).
Roma’nın II. Yüzyıl Krizi
Authors: ÖZMAN Recep , DOĞAN Ezgigül
Published: September 2023

Roma İmparatorluk tarihinde ecelleriyle ölen ve “Evlat Edinilen veya İyi İmparatorlar” olarak anılan Nerva, Traianus, Hadrianus, Antoninus Pius ve Marcus Aurelius’un ardından Commodus’un (MS 180-193) iktidarı başlamıştır. Commodus’un devlet idaresini danışmanlarının eline bırakması başarısız bir yönetim sürmesine ve bu sebeple suikasta kurban gitmesine neden olmuştur. Commodus’un ölümüyle başlayan ve Septimius Severus’un iktidarına kadar devam eden dört yıllık kaotik süreci “II. Yüzyıl Krizi” olarak adlandırmaktayız. Commodus’un ölümünden sonra praetor muhafızları tarafından iktidara getirilen Pertinax, üç ay içerisinde tekrar onlar tarafından tahttan indirilmiştir. Pertinax’ın ölümünden sonra, Roma tahtı tarihinde ilk kez ordu tarafından müzayedeye çıkarılmış ve Didius Iulianus tarafından satın alınmıştır. Yaşanan bu olayın ardından farklı bölgelerdeki askerler ayaklanarak kendi komutanlarını imparator olarak selamlamışlardır. Bunun sonucunda Didius Iulianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus ile Septimius Severus arasında yaklaşık dört yıl süren iktidar mücadelesinin sebep olduğu bir kriz meydana gelmiştir. Bu dönemde devam eden salgın hastalıklar ve ekonomik kriz istikrarsızlığın artmasına neden olmuştur. Bu esnada imparatorluğun temel taşı olan Senatus, askerlerin karşısında güç kaybetmiş, imparator tercihini yaparken askerlerin seçimini onaylamak zorunda kalmıştır. Dört yıllık bu süreçte ordunun öne çıkması, Senatusun güç kaybetmesi ve siyasi istikrarsızlık Roma tahtına geçiş sistemini etkileyerek daha uzun sürecek olan “III. Yüzyıl Krizi” nin habercisi olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı MS 193-197 yılları arasında yaşanan kriz döneminin sebep ve sonuçlarını ele alarak Roma İmparatorluk tarihine etkisini ortaya koymaktır.
Adana Müzesi’nden Geç Hellenistik- Erken Roma Dönemi Cam Kâseler
Authors: KAVAZ KINDIĞILI Berna
Published: September 2023

Geç Hellenistik Dönem camcılığında en yaygın formlardan biri olan kâseler ilk olarak Suriye-Filistin’de üretilmiş, daha sonra yaygınlaşarak Helen etkisindeki hemen her coğrafyada karşılaşılabilir olmuştur. MÖ 2. yüzyılın ortalarından başlayarak MS 1. yüzyılın ortalarına kadar üretilen kâse formundaki bu cam eserlerin tipolojisi, Filistin/Yukarı Celile Bölgesindeki Tel Anafa yerleşim merkezinde ele geçen örnekler temel alınarak oluşturulmuştur. Bu çalışmanın konusunu da Adana Müzesi’ndeki 20 adet Hellenistik dönem cam kâse oluşturmaktadır. Müzeye satın alma ve hibe yoluyla kazandırılmış olan bu eserler, Geç Hellenistik- Erken Roma Dönemi’nde seri üretime olanak sağlayan sarkıtma tekniğiyle üretilmiş olup oluklu, kaburgalı ve çizgisel kesme kâseler olarak üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Sığ ve derin formlarda üretilen bu eserler, bahsedildiği üzere Tel Anafa buluntuları esas alınarak oluşturulan tipoloji kapsamında kendi içlerinde de tiplere ayrılmıştır. Renksiz, mavi-yeşil, yeşil ve amber renkli camdan üretilen bu kâselerin renkleri, Doğu Akdeniz üretimi olduklarına işaret etmektedir. Tell Anafa, Levant, Yunanistan, Kıbrıs ve İtalya’da yayılım gösteren bu kâselerin Geç Hellenistik-Erken Roma Dönemi’nde Kilikya’da üretilmiş olduğuna dair herhangi bir kanıt da bulunmamaktadır. Bu sebeple Adana Müzesi’ndeki kâselerin form, bezeme ve renk bakımından benzer örneklerinin görüldüğü Suriye-Filistin’den ithal edilmiş olabileceği söylenebilir. Adana Müzesi’nde olan ve çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan kaplar, özellikle üretim tekniği açısından sınırlı sayıdaki örnekler arasındadır. Adana Müzesi dışında Türkiye müzelerinde sarkıtma tekniğiyle üretilen Geç Hellenistik-Erken Roma Dönemi cam kâselerin sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Çalışma bu anlamda Hellenistik Dönem Anadolu cam çalışmalarına katkı sağlayacaktır.
Erken Neolitik Çağ’da Yapı Kültü
Authors: ÇİFTÇİ Yunus
Published: September 2023

İnsanlığın var oluşundan günümüze kadar bir inanç sistemine sahip olduğu bilinmektedir, ancak Neolitik Çağ öncesine ait dönemlerde bu inanç sistemlerinin somut verileri neredeyse yok denecek kadar azdır. Neolitik Çağ’da ise durum daha farklılaşmaya ve somutlaşmaya başlamaktadır. Özellikle yerleşik hayata geçmeye başlayan topluluklar inançsal sistemlerini daha iyi göstermeye başlamış ve hatta neredeyse her alanda bunu yansıtmışlardır. Daha çok sembolik olarak tanımlanan bu Neolitik Çağ inanç sistemlerini mimarilerde, özel/günlük eşyalarda, ölü gömmelerde ve soyut kavramlarda kullanılmıştır. Bu inanç sistemlerinden biri de, Erken Neolitik Çağ yerleşiminde bulunan bir binanın tören, kurban ve farklı etkinliklerle gömülmesi ritüelidir. Bu durum Yakındoğu’da bulunan ve Erken Neolitik Çağ’a tarihlendirilen neredeyse tüm yerleşimlerde karşılaşılmış bir uygulamadır. “Yapı Kültü” olarak tanımlanan bu uygulamanın özellikle bu erken dönem yerleşimlerinde bulunan özel binalar olarak tanımlanan “Kamu/Kült” yapılarına uygulandığı görülmektedir. Tıpkı bir insan gibi bu yapıların temizlendiği, yapı içinde taşınabilir heykel, dikme/stel gibi öğelerin alındığı (varsa yeni yapıda kullanılmak üzere) ve bazı örneklerde hayvan veya insan kurbanlarına ait izlerin bırakıldığı görülmektedir. Bu ön ritüellerden sonra ise eski yapının yeni bir yapıyla kapatıldığı ya da tamamen toprak, taş ve atıl durumda olan malzemelerle doldurulduğu görülmektedir. Az olmasına rağmen bazı örneklerde yapının yakıldığı ve sonrasında yeni yapı ile kaplandığı ya da tamamen doldurulduğu da görülmektedir. Bölgesel farklılıklar olmasına karşın temelde bu işlem aynı amaçla ve aynı yapılara uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışma bahsi geçen bu uygulamanın nedenlerini, uygulama alanlarını, bölgesel ya da yerel benzerlikleri ile farklılıklarını ele almakla birlikte inançsal özelliklere de değinerek Erken Neolitik Çağ’ın bazı bilinmeyenlerine cevap aramaktadır.
A Group of Mycenaean Pottery From Selçuk Ayasuluk Hill
Authors: MİMAROĞLU Sinan , GÜR Bariş , MİMAROĞLU Miray
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to compare a group of Mycenaean pottery found on Selçuk Ayasuluk Hill with different centers and to evaluate their similarity and the usage process in the settlement in general terms. First of all, Mycenaean pottery used in the study will be introduced by giving their characteristics one by one, and the settlements and periods with similar ones in the Aegean World will be explained. The Mycenaean pottery recovered from Ayasuluk Hill will be evaluated in terms of method in comparison with the Mycenaean pottery found in settlements in Continental Greece, Aegean Islands, Western Anatolia and East Mediterranean. The Mycenaean pottery on the Ayasuluk Hill, which is the subject of the study, are evaluated within the LH IIIA-IIIC periods. This situation reveals the importance of Mycenaean pottery in being preferred in the settlement and shows that the connections between the Aegean World and Ayasuluk Hill have spread over a long period of time. This chronological continuity in Mycenaean pottery in the settlement is similar to many centers where Mycenaean pottery was found in Western Anatolia. When we continue with the Mycenaean pottery samples of Ayasuluk Hill, which is the subject of the study, it is seen that there are similarities with the pottery found in many centers in Greece and the Aegean Islands. In Western Anatolia, it is possible to compare some examples from centers such as Troy, Miletos and Iasos with the Mycenaean pottery on Ayasuluk Hill.
Küçük Asya’da Antik Bir Sinagog: Sardis Sinagogu
Authors: DİNÇ Umut
Published: September 2023

Hellenistik Devletler ve Roma İmparatorluğu Dönemi’nde Anadolu coğrafyasındaki Yahudi varlığının tespiti konusunun yöntemi üzerinde ciddi tartışmalar yapılmaktadır. Yahudi kültürü ile yerel halk kültürünü ayırmadaki zorluklar tartışmaların ana noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Küçük Asya Bölgesi, Yahudi örgütlenmesinin ve nüfusunun en etkin olduğu Diasporalardan birisidir. Yahudi varlığının daha iyi anlaşılması için bölge genelinde ilk bakmamız gereken iki Yahudi kültürel öğesinden bahsedebiliriz; birincisi Yahudi kültürüne yönelik atıflar, ikincisi ise ibadet merkezlerinden elde edilen malzemelerdir. Sardis Sinagogu hem Roma İmparatorluğu’nun şehir yönetimini anlamada, hem de şehirdeki Yahudi nüfusunun kültürel öğelerini görme noktasında bize oldukça değerli bilgiler sağlamaktadır. Türkçe dışındaki dillerde yazılmış Sardis Sinagogu ve Küçük Asya Diasporası ile ilgili fazlaca çalışma bulunmakla birlikte Türkçe eserlerin çok kısıtlı olması Türk tarihçileri ve tarih öğrencileri açısından yabancı dillerdeki geniş literatür içerisinde kaybolmalarına ve konuya karşı ön yargılı davranmalarına sebep olmaktadır. Diğer yandan yurtdışında yapılan araştırmaların sinagog yapısını değerlendirme aşamasında Filistin Bölgesindeki Yahudi yaşamına fazlaca bağlı kalmaları Küçük Asya’daki Yahudi kültürünü anlama noktasında yanlış değerlendirmeler yapmalarına neden olmaktadır. Bölgeden bölgeye değişen kültürel öğelerin Yahudi dini anlayışını etkilediği unutulmamalıdır. Bu çalışma ile Sardis Sinagogu’nu ve Yahudi kültürünü tüm yönleriyle değerlendirmeye olanak sağlamayı ayrıca Küçük Asya içerisindeki Yahudi buluntuları ile Sardis Sinagogu’ndan elde ettiğimiz malzemeyi karşılaştırmalı değerlendirmenin önemini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Hermes Kriophoros’tan İyi Çoban’a: Koç Taşıyan Figürlerin İkonografi ve Anlam Değişimleri
Authors: AYTEKİN Fatma
Published: September 2023

En erken örnekleri Prehistorik Döneme dek uzanan ve MÖ 3. Binden itibaren yayılım gösteren omuzlarında koç taşıyan figürlerin görüntü kalıpları, zaman içerisinde majör bir değişim göstermese de içinde bulunduğu kültürlerin geleneklerine göre şekillenen çok anlamlı bir kavram haline dönüşmüştür. Önceleri büyü yapılan ayinlerde ritüel kapsamında kullanılan sahne, daha sonra politik bir alegori aracına dönüşerek şehrin/ülkenin çobanı gibi kavramları yansıtmış ya da günlük hayatta adak olarak taşınan koçların gösterildiği sahnelerde yer almıştır. Makalenin başlangıç noktasını oluşturan Grek Dünyası’nda ise önceleri politik bir alegori kapsamında kullanılan betim, sonraki süreçte dini bir amaca hizmet etmiştir. Hermes’e yönelik bir kült bağlamında Tanagra’da gerçekleştirilen festivalde, yakışıklı bir gencin kentin surları etrafında omzunda bir koç ile dolaşması, kentin koruyucusu olarak belirlenen Hermes’in, Kriophoros epiteti ile benimsenmesini sağlamış ve tanrının kült heykeli koç taşıyan biçimde enkarne edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, tanrının MÖ 5. yy’da Kalamis tarafından yontulan kült heykelinin ikonografisi, bir prototip niteliğine bürünmüş ve etkileri Geç Antik Çağ’a dek uzanmıştır. İlk Hristiyanların iletmek istediği alçak gönüllülük ve saygınlığı içeren yeni mesajları için seçilen figürün, Yuhanna İncili’nde geçen “İyi Çoban” kavramıyla bağlantılı olan Hermes Kriophoros olması, yalnızca çobanların sade yaşamları ve koruma içgüdüleri ile ilgili değildir. Pagan motif stokundan alınan bu figürle birlikte, Hermes’in sahip olduğu Psykhopompos epiteti ile bağlantı kurulacak ve İsa da ruhları öbür dünyaya yönlendiren ve kişilerin kaderlerini etkileme gücüne sahip olan biri olarak görülebilecektir. Bu araştırma kapsamında, koç taşıyan figürlerin yanı sıra Hermes Kriophoros’tan, Geç Antik Çağ’daki İyi Çoban’a aktarılan ikonografik ve anlamsal niteliklerin belirlenmesi ve İyi Çoban kavramının gerçekçi ya da metaforik yönlerinin analizi hedeflenmektedir.
Religion, Evolution and Scottish Philosophy
Authors: Graham Gordon
Published: September 2023

Hume’s posthumously published Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion presented a very significant challenge to philosophical theism, one of the traditional concerns of Scottish philosophers. While the conclusion of the Dialogues leaves open a bare possibility of intelligent design, the publication of Darwin’s Origin of Species, and the theory of evolution it advanced, seems to close this off. Yet, contrary to this natural thought, many Scottish philosophers in the 19th century continued to articulate and defend philosophical theism while at the same time enthusiastically embracing Darwinian evolution. This chapter elaborates arguments relevant to this initially unpromising combination developed by Henry Calderwood in Evolution and Man’s Place in Nature and by Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison in The Idea of God in the Light of Recent Philosophy.
Introduction
Authors: Coates Jennifer
Published: September 2023

The introduction describes the motivating questions of the study, and gives a brief overview of the project’s main field sites, the project design, and the development of hybrid research methods. A section on the making of a research documentary film alongside the writing of the book argues for the utility of visual analysis of the filmed records of the ethnographic encounter alongside discourse analysis on participants’ speech and writing to produce an evocative ethnography. This blend of Film Studies visual analysis with Anthropological ethnography is an original methodological contribution of the study, proposing a new ‘visual turn’ in ethnographic research and analysis to produce new kinds of insights, data, and knowledge. Finally, a descriptive chapter outline introduces the key themes of each section of the book.
What Do We Talk About when We Talk About Cinema?
Authors: Coates Jennifer
Published: September 2023

The first chapter develops a theoretical approach in response to the motivating concern that while ethnographic cinema projects have considered the question of memory (Stacey 1994), and cinema memories as “ethno-history” (Kuhn 2002), the act of discussing film-related memories itself has not been fully interrogated. This book’s innovation is its focus on what we talk about when we talk about cinema. In this chapter, I propose an understanding of film-related memory as a mode of “giving an account of oneself” (Butler 2005). Chapter 1 argues that talking about film offers people a way to negotiate their individual subjectivity and experiences as viewers, within the normative social frameworks modelled by classical cinema narratives. At the same time, performing a passionate relationship with a film text, creator, or moment in cinema history allows the speaker a mode of distinguishing themselves as an individual subject. This chapter lays the ground for understanding the narratives that follow as at once performances of compliance with social norms, and at the same time as claims for recognition of an individual self with particular tastes, preferences, and memories.
Organised Audiences and Committed Fans: Cinema, Viewership, Activism
Authors: Coates Jennifer
Published: September 2023

Chapter 6 turns to the dedicated cinema-goer with an account of historic film-related grassroots organizations in postwar Kansai. Beginning with the activities of the Kyoto Kiroku Eiga o Miru Kai (Documentary Film Viewing Group), an amateur film-appreciation group who attempted to produce their own film, this chapter traces the increasingly political activities of film clubs and circles in Kyoto. As we move into the 1960s, the second part of this chapter considers the relation of the kinds of selves developed through film viewership to the activism of the decade. Exploring how viewers found models for activist conduct, and also spaces and reasons to abstain from activism, in the very same cinema, we can see how cinema is used as a flexible signifier in discourse, particularly in relation to giving an account of one’s personal politics.
Crafting the Self through Cinema Culture
Authors: Coates Jennifer
Published: September 2023

Broadening out to consider the period 1945-1968 more widely, Chapter 7 explores how the self is crafted through a relationship to cinema, investigating how the historical imaginary of interviewees is structured like a cinematic narrative in the use of testimonies of walking to the cinema from home as a kind of opening sequence. The narrative structures of communication in the ethnographic encounter are examined here, including the persistence of pre-prepared notes and printed life narratives, which many participants consulted during interviews. Interviewees often gifted copies of memos, notes, or timelines of their lives, or copies of photographs and posters, prompting me to think about how viewers integrate their lives into cinema discourse. The narration of the self is literally crafted in the hand-drawn maps and diagrams that participants shared with me, and in the social activities, media appearances, and dedicated speaking events that key participants organized to share their stories about the cinema. This final chapter argues for the study of discourses and communication practices, including the creation and collection of film ephemera, as an essential element in our understanding of film history.
Race, Gender and the Political Economy of Feeling Secure
Authors: Chisholm Amanda
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores the feminist political economy and postcolonial scholarship on how affect is taken up in the everyday within these gendered and raced market relations, and how it has shaped and is shaping global racial and gendered logics. I extend the emotional and reproductive labour analysis from Chapter 4 by focusing on the political economy of affect that goes into reproducing a secure life for security company clients in Kabul.
Slow Death and Failure in the Life Building of Gurkha Communities
Authors: Chisholm Amanda
Published: September 2023

This concluding chapter returns to the experiences of the various persons detailed throughout the book, illuminating the different pushes and pulls in/away from militarism. It also dedicates space to the other side of the Gurkha story – those young men who failed to secure the position of Gurkha and their families. In fact, failure to become a Gurkha carries much more certainty than success does. Failure comes with a whole host of affective attachments, including shame, despair and disillusionment. But it also, as Judith Halberstam reminds us, provides us with an opportunity to ‘poke holes in the toxic positivity’, that ideas of success and of following the Gurkha life pathway to happiness often bring.Drawing upon the story of Sameer, a son of a Gurkha who failed to become one himself, this chapter shows how failure is not the end story of affective relations to militarism or to being or becoming a Gurkha. It does not always open up creative life-producing paths outside of militarism, colonial histories and global capital. Rather, failure connects to the broader conflicting affects of joy, happiness, regret, shame and pain that circulate alongside and within the global movement of security workforces and security knowledge.
Arthur Conan Doyle and Photography
Authors: Stiegler Bernd
Published: September 2023

Arthur Conan Doyle is best known as the author of the Sherlock Holmes stories. However, his works are far more extensive than these familiar works. They include historical novels, political pamphlets, historical studies, science fiction novels and, last but not least, numerous publications on spiritualism. Photography plays a central role in his work and gives rise to a highly peculiar world of imagination. The photographs allow us to take a look at the world in around 1900 with all its oddities. For Conan Doyle’s contemporaries, Sherlock Holmes was a real figure. To Conan Doyle, photographs of elves, the dead and ghosts testified to their existence. This book collects these images, along with the imaginarium that surrounds them. The thematic range includes amateur photography, questions of colonialism, spiritualism, fairy photographs, but also fictional texts such as the Sherlock Holmes novels and stories or the novels The Lost World or The Land of Mist with Professor Challenger as the protagonist.
Conclusion
Authors: Sharp Matthew T.
Published: September 2023

The conclusion draws Paul’s methods of divination together, offering some synthetic conclusions about the functioning of divine communication and the divinatory character of “revelation” in Paul. It also explores some implications of this research for understanding various aspects of Paul’s anthropology, cosmology, eschatology, and theology (i.e. his understanding of God).
Early Golf
Authors: Millar Neil S.
Published: September 2023

This book describes how numerous myths and misconceptions have become entrenched in the popular history of golf. It describes golf’s early history, including how the game blossomed in Scotland in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the role of Scottish golfers in its spread to other countries between the seventeenth, and nineteenth centuries. Using contemporary documentary evidence, this book re-examines golf’s origins and evolution. Part 1 provides a chronological history of the early development of golf, focussing primarily on the fifteenth to the eighteenth century, whereas Part 2 addresses broader thematic topics relevant to golf’s early history. Topics and questions examined in the book include whether there is evidence of golf balls being purchased in 1452, whether King James II purchased golf clubs in 1502 and whether he is the first identified golfer. Did Queen Catherine of Aragon write about golf in 1513? Are the numerous claims concerning Mary Queen of Scots’s enthusiasm for golf justified? Did King James VI/I play golf at Blackheath in 1608? Were King Charles I or Charles II golfers? Did King James VII/II play in the ‘first international golf match’ in 1682. What is the evidence supporting the various competing claims concerning the origin of golf?
King Charles II, a ‘Goffe-Club-maker’ and Golf in Restoration Britain
Authors: Millar Neil S.
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses evidence of King Charles II playing golf at Scone in 1651, at the time of his Scottish coronation. Evidence is presented of Charles II having a golf club maker as a member of his household staff. There is also evidence, from the king's household accounts, that he played golf in England on several occasions. In addition, evidence is presented of additional instances of golf being played in London during the Interregnum (1649-1660).
The Practical and Sociable Scientist: Hypsometry and the Royal Society
Authors: Welfare Humphrey
Published: September 2023

In 1765 William settled in London. Two years later he was elected to the Royal Society which became a central part of his life. He also joined the Royal Society Club (a dining club set up by Joseph Banks), the hub of a social circle that included men of science and explorers. William now sought to remedy one of the deficiencies of the Military Survey: the lack of accurate information on heights. Following Deluc, he began exhaustive experiments in hypsometry (using barometers to measure differential pressure, and thus elevation), taking elaborate precautions to eliminate sources of error and to find a practical rule. He enlisted his friends within the Royal Society for fieldwork. On Schiehallion he assisted the Astronomer Royal, Nevil Maskelyne, in the project to investigate the attraction of mountains. On joining the council of the Royal Society William became a Visitor to the Royal Observatory in Greenwich. From 1779 he himself had a small observatory on the top of his new home; his house in Argyll Street is discussed and described, along with his social and intellectual activities, including the contents of his library.
The Geodesist: Large Triangles and Minuscule Adjustments
Authors: Welfare Humphrey
Published: September 2023

The appointment of the Duke of Richmond as Master General of the Ordnance in 1782 and the interest of both the Royal Society and the Académie Royale des Sciences in the shape of the Earth, provided favourable conditions for advances in geodesy. William had been trialling the instruments and procedures required for the measurement of baselines - crucial to accurate triangulation - for a new cartography of London, when Cassini de Thury proposed a project to determine the precise relative positions of the observatories in Greenwich and Paris. Joseph Banks, for the Royal Society, asked William to lead on this. A baseline was measured on Hounslow Heath in 1784, William taking extraordinary care to minimise errors. A massive new theodolite was ordered from Jesse Ramsden but, to William’s considerable irritation, it took three years to make. Meanwhile, some mapping began in Kent, and William designed a network of triangles to reach the Channel coast. With Ramsden’s theodolite at last delivered, fieldwork to the coast and across the Channel, went well, giving William the confidence to sketch an improved scheme for British national cartography. In 1790 he was finalising the results of the Greenwich-Paris project when he died in London.
Aftermath and Legacy: The Birth of the Ordnance Survey
Authors: Welfare Humphrey
Published: September 2023

William’s legacies, financial and institutional, are examined. He had developed the standards of accuracy for a British national cartography, taking it far further than the well-established county mapping. On this basis, and under the Board of Ordnance, the Duke of Richmond now established the Trigonometrical Operation which proved to be the starting point of the Ordnance Survey and which was a fundamental support for commercial map-makers. Away from cartography, William’s influential volume on Military Antiquities of the Romans in North Britain was published posthumously by the Society of Antiquaries. In his life he had achieved a reputation for accuracy and consistency, for meticulous scientific experiments, for sound advice in the defence of the realm, and for advancing the practical utility of maps.
The Oil Company’s Fields of Vision: Public Relations and Labour Images in The Arab World
Authors: Fuccaro Nelida
Published: September 2023

This chapter investigates the new cultures of oil – both visual and material - that emerged in the Arab world in the 1950s and 1960s following oil nationalisation in Iran and the consolidation of Arab nationalism across the region. It concentrates on the photographic images produced by the Public Relation offices of foreign oil companies in Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Bahrain featuring the private and professional lives of local workers. On the one hand, these images - often published in the companies’ Arabic magazines - are analysed as the combination of the technology and human agency that crafted and circulated them to local publics. On the other hand, labour photography is scrutinised as evidence of the companies’ values and concepts of work and social relations as it served to create imaginary sociologies and geographies of petroleum production in order to entertain, instruct, and ultimately subdue the workforce. By exploring these fields of corporate vision, the chapter shows how cameras and lenses interacted not only with photographers and workers as a subject matter, but also with a new public relations world made up of oil publicists, magazine editors and writers that emerged in a turbulent age of oil decolonisation.
Introduction: The Athenian Reconciliation in Modern Scholarship
Authors: Joyce Christopher J.
Published: September 2023

The Roman orator Cicero saw the political events of 403 BCE as theparadigm of all amnesties. This chapter surveys scholarship to the present day on the Reconciliation Agreement and lays out the methodological principles from which the rest of the study proceeds. While the Aristotelian tradition is not perfect, it is nevertheless the best evidence we have for the treaty. Orators give important sidelights on how the Amnesty was often understood and used politically, but because they present events from a slanted perspective, they are not always reliable. Furthermore, documents inserted into the MSS of orators are often forgeries and cannot be used as historical evidence. The chapter offers an overview of the study’s main arguments, methodology and framework.
Latin American and Arab Literature
Authors: Nasser Tahia Abdel
Published: September 2023

Since the 19th century, Arab migration from the Ottoman Empire to Latin America and Latin American travel to the Arab world has created transcontinental routes – and in the late 20th century, the translation of Latin American classics into Arabic flourished in the Arab world. Drawing on Latin American and Arabic novels, travelogues, memoirs, short stories and chronicles from Cuba, Colombia, Mexico, Guatemala, Egypt, Lebanon and Iraq, Tahia Abdel Nasser shows how cultural exchange between Latin America and the Arab world cemented historical and diplomatic ties. She also explores how a new cadre of men of letters – poets, writers and intellectuals – shaped Arab Latin American encounters in the late 20th century.
Transcontinental Literature: Gabriel García Márquez and Héctor Abad Faciolince
Authors: Nasser Tahia Abdel
Published: September 2023

Chapter 1 examines forms of ‘transcontinental literature’ produced by encounters with the Orient in Colombian literature in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Analysing links to the Arab world in Gabriel García Márquez’s Crónica de una muerte anunciada (Chronicle of a Death Foretold, 1981) and Héctor Abad Faciolince’s Oriente empieza en El Cairo (The Orient Begins in Cairo, 2002), this chapter argues that they offer forms of ‘transcontinental literature’ that involve movement and connections along peripheral or semi-peripheral circuits. The two works are unique examples that offer a new perspective on Arab Latin American ties. García Márquez’s novel Crónica de una muerte anunciada draws upon a history of Arab migration to Latin America and Latin American Orientalism, while Abad’s travelogue-novel Oriente empieza en El Cairo offers a Latin American traveller’s voyage en Orient. This chapter argues that the cultural encounters in Crónica de una muerte anunciada and Oriente empieza en El Cairo show multi-directional routes between Latin America and the Arab world from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century.
The Orphan Narratives of a Class Lacking Antecedents
Authors: Pionke Albert D.
Published: September 2023

Chapter one addresses the fundamental difficulty facing middle-class citizens, including writers, in a society structured by primogeniture: their absence of antecedents. After reconstructing the period’s ample novelistic discourse surrounding orphanhood and bastardy, the chapter deploys Charles Dickens’s Oliver Twist (1838), Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre (1847), Anthony Trollope’s Doctor Thorne (1858), and Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White (1860) and No Name (1862) as the primary texts through which to track middle-class Victorian efforts to claim legitimacy by denying the over-determining force of ancestry. In its lengthy concluding reading of No Name, the chapter highlights how Collins stages, quite literally, the problem of popularity in low-status genres through its protagonist, Magdalen Vanstone, a talented actress who attempts, futilely, to use her facility for disguise to swindle her way back to membership in the middle class.
Repudiations of Wealth in Victorian Financial Fiction
Authors: Pionke Albert D.
Published: September 2023

Chapter two shows how the growth of Britain’s market economy created as many problems of status as it solved, first by surveying the recurrent financial crises that punctuated the late-Romantic through the mid-Victorian period. Against this cyclical pattern of boom and bust, it then matches William Makepeace Thackeray’s The History of Samuel Titmarsh and the Great Hoggarty Diamond (1841), Dickens’s Dombey and Son (1848), Charles Reade’s Hard Cash (1863), and Trollope’s The Way We Live Now (1875) with William North’s The City of the Jugglers (1851) to show the wariness with which middle-class writers approached Weber’s “‘naked’ money power” as a source of public authority. Ultimately, North proposes poetic genius, of the sort described in Shelley’s posthumous “Defence of Poetry” (1839), as a cure for money-grubbing and a warrant for social status, even as he worries, with good reason, that his novel will fail to attract enough readers to legitimize either his social analysis or his personal genius.
Social Domination, Social Scientific Empiricism, and Novelistic Distrust of the Modern Fact
Authors: Pionke Albert D.
Published: September 2023

Chapter four reconstructs Victorian novelists’ skeptical response to the growing prominence of quantifiable knowledge as the principal basis for public policy and middle-class legitimacy. Framed against the rise of what Mary Poovey denominates the “modern fact”—represented by the penetration of statistics and the continued influence of Utilitarianism in social and political life—this chapter reads Brontë’s Villette (1853), Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Aurora Leigh (1856), Trollope’s The Three Clerks (1857), and Dickens’s Hard Times (1854) for their shared rejection of what they represent as a narrowly conceived and misguided reliance upon empiricism to overdetermine patterns of domination. Long read as an unsatisfying a condition-of-England novel, Hard Times is repositioned as a sophisticated sociological novel with a clear function for its apparently anomalous outsider characters: rather than serve as a simple-minded panacea for the manifold ills of England’s factory system, Sleary as his fellow performers emerge as key figures for the disinterested legitimation of Gradgrind, and by extension Dickens, as representatives of middle-class authority.
Introduction
Authors: Caraus Tamara
Published: September 2023

The introduction describes the ‘theoretical trauma’ that determined the turn to the study of cosmopolitanism, that is, methodological nationalism inbuilt in political philosophy and its structure of exclusion. It presents the self-critical method of the book, by describing obstacles and criticism encountered in the attempts to arrive at a political theory of cosmopolitanism. It shows how the practice and philosophy of the Eastern European dissidents have been a theoretical resource for advancing a theory of cosmopolitanism that could resist the numerous criticisms that see in it a totalising grand narrative. Through dissent, cosmopolitanism reclaims its radical core, which is not a moral or cultural disposition but a contestatory action from below that challenges the constituted forms of authority, legitimacy, and belonging, as performed by the Ancient Cynics in their parrhesia and militant action, and who declared themselves ‘citizens of the universe’.
Migrant Radical Cosmopolitics
Authors: Caraus Tamara
Published: September 2023

The radicalism inherent in cosmopolitanism is re-affirmed by the migrant and refugee protests all over the world, such as Sans Papiers, No One Is Illegal, No Borders, and many others, that go to the roots of the current world order and show the injustice of the border system and the exclusions operated by citizenship. Protesting migrants and refugees act on the global stage, where they present themselves as political subjects beyond borders, capable of acting and speaking on their own, and claiming rights as citizens of the world. However, the cosmopolitical stance of migrant protests cannot escape a ‘double bind’: migrants formulate radical claims such as ‘No Border, No Nation’ and end up asking for legalization in a certain nation-state or another, thus re-enacting the very state sovereignty that they contest. Migrant radical cosmopolitics ‘disappears’ because there is no institution and no political philosophy that embody the migrants’ vision that ‘No One Is Illegal’. The chapter argues that political philosophy has to address the ‘problem of migration’ by building itself anew with only two building blocks: the human being and the world as a whole.
The Institution of ‘Permanent Questioning’ or the Idea of a World Republic
Authors: Caraus Tamara
Published: September 2023

A political philosophy of cosmopolitanism equivalent to the motto ‘No One Is Illegal’ has to endorse the idea of a cosmopolitan institution. The chapter reflects on the notoriously strong reluctance to think of an institution for the entire world, usually regarded as a global Leviathan, and examines several institutional experimentations from below: the parallel polis of the Eastern European dissidence, Zapatista’s institutional experiments, and the World Social Forum’s idea of ‘open space’. These institutional experiments are possible as critique of existing institutions with reference to the wider horizon of meanings and possibilities in the world. While local institutional experiments cannot provide entitlements so that no one will be ‘illegal’, these allow rethinking the grounds and the very idea of an institution for the entire world. So, the idea of a cosmopolitan institution has to be grounded in the reversible link from the critique of institutions to the institution of critique. Cosmopolitanism as the institution of critique cannot be otherwise than a radically democratic World Republic that could give equal entitlements to all human beings, while allowing a permanent critique of institutions from the global level to the local one, and back.