bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eyebox uniformity optimization over the full field of view for optical waveguide displays based on linked list processing
Authors: Yan Shufeng , Zhang Enqi , Guo Junda , Jia Ping , Yang Kun , Kong Lingsheng
Published: September 2022

Eyebox uniformity is an important indicator to evaluate the performance of optical waveguide displays. However, there is currently no standard design approach that achieves ideal uniformity over the full field of view (FOV) within the eyebox. Here, a novel method for eyebox uniformity optimization based on linked list processing is proposed. The linked list processing method can fast record the light trajectory and calculate the optimal numerical diffraction efficiency distribution of the coupler. We use the linked list method for an L-shaped diffractive optical waveguide and solve the matched coupler structure by combining rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) and the simplex method. By building the model on LightTools and demonstrating the illuminance uniformity, the feasibility of the method is verified. In the FOV range of 15°× 15°, the eyebox uniformity reaches 0.9 at the central viewing angle and the overall eyebox uniformity is 0.617.
Synaptic balancing: A biologically plausible local learning rule that provably increases neural network noise robustness without sacrificing task performance
Authors: Stock Christopher H. , Harvey Sarah E. , Ocko Samuel A. , Ganguli Surya
Published: September 2022

We introduce a novel, biologically plausible local learning rule that provably increases the robustness of neural dynamics to noise in nonlinear recurrent neural networks with homogeneous nonlinearities. Our learning rule achieves higher noise robustness without sacrificing performance on the task and without requiring any knowledge of the particular task. The plasticity dynamics—an integrable dynamical system operating on the weights of the network—maintains a multiplicity of conserved quantities, most notably the network’s entire temporal map of input to output trajectories. The outcome of our learning rule is a synaptic balancing between the incoming and outgoing synapses of every neuron. This synaptic balancing rule is consistent with many known aspects of experimentally observed heterosynaptic plasticity, and moreover makes new experimentally testable predictions relating plasticity at the incoming and outgoing synapses of individual neurons. Overall, this work provides a novel, practical local learning rule that exactly preserves overall network function and, in doing so, provides new conceptual bridges between the disparate worlds of the neurobiology of heterosynaptic plasticity, the engineering of regularized noise-robust networks, and the mathematics of integrable Lax dynamical systems.
Failure to use health services by people with Chagas disease: Multilevel analysis of endemic area in Brazil
Authors: Damasceno Renata Fiúza , Sabino Ester Cerdeira , Ribeiro Antonio Luiz Pinho , Ferreira Ariela Mota , de Oliveira-da Silva Léa Campos , Oliveira Cláudia Di Lorenzo , Cardoso Clareci Silva , Vieira Thallyta Maria , Haikal Desirée Sant’ Ana
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of non-use of health services in the last year by people with Chagas disease (CD) in an endemic area in Brazil and the contextual and individual factors associated with this non-use. This is a multilevel study that considered contextual and individual data. Contextual data were collected from official publicly accessible databases of the Brazilian government, at the municipal level. The individual data came from the first follow-up of a Brazilian cohort that assessed patients with CD in 21 municipalities in endemic area for the disease. The sample consisted of 1,160 individuals with CD. The dependent variable “use of health services in the last year” was categorized as yes vs. no. The analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust variance. The prevalence of non-use of health services in the last year was 23.5% (IC95%: 21.1–25.9). The contextual factor “larger population” (PR: 1.6; 95% CI = 1.2–2.0) and individual factors related to the lower severity of the disease as a functional class without limitations (PR: 1.6; 95% CI = 1.2–2.1) and unaltered N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide levels (PR: 2.2; 95% CI = 1.3–3.6) increased the prevalence of non-use of the health service in the last year by people with CD. The results of this study showed that individual determinants are not isolated protagonists of the non-use of health services in the last year by people with CD, which reinforces the need for public policies that consider the contextual determinants of the use of health services by populations affected by the disease.
COVID-19 cross-sectional study in Maricá, Brazil: The impact of vaccination coverage on viral incidence
Authors: Frauches Thiago Silva , Costa Carlos Alberto de Senna , Rodrigues Claudia dos Santos , de Azevedo Marcelo Costa Velho Mendes , Ferreira Michelle de Moraes , Ramos Hanna Beatriz Vieira da Silva , de Souza Junior Wilson Rodrigues , Costa Andréa Ribeiro , Camargo Adriana Cardoso , Alonso Adriana Halfeld , dos Santos Fábio Álvaro , Oliveira Hércules da Silva , Coelho Janaína Guimarães , Sobral Joyce Florentina da Silva , Rodrigues Luciane Cardoso dos Santos , Ferreira Marcio Martins Casaes , Laureano Patricia , da Paz Fernandes Raquel Adalgiza , Santos Renata da Silva , dos Santos Rose Mary Carvalho , Milagres Sanderson , dos Santos Vanessa Cristina Conceição , Silva Jussara Teixeira , da Silva Tatiana Martins , da Rocha Malu Gabriela Costa , de São Carlos Andreia Edwirges , de Araújo Ramos Amorim Mourão , Bastos Fernanda Martins de Almeida , Francisco Daina Raylle , Rosa Sabrina dos Santos , Linhares Layla Corrêa , Organista Raissa Rodrigues , Bastos Leandro , Pinto Maria Magdalena Kelly , do Nascimento Jean Pablo Lima , da Silveira João Pedro Moura , dos Santos Mateus Quintanilha , da Silva Nathaly Santos , Ferreira Nayra Cristina dos Santos , Reis Rafael Brito Ramirez , de Oliveira Ruan Fonseca , Sá Valdinei de Oliveira , Hammes Thyago Ramos de Siqueira , Monteiro Juliano de Oliveira , Cardoso Pedro Henrique , Arruda Mônica Barcellos , Alvarez Patricia , Maia Richard Araujo , Ribeiro Liane de Jesus , Ferreira Orlando Costa , Santos Aline , de Almeida Alberto Carlos Melo , Garcia Lauro , Pansera Celso , Tanuri Amilcar
Published: September 2022

Population surveillance in COVID-19 Pandemic is crucial to follow up the pace of disease and its related immunological status. Here we present a cross-sectional study done in Maricá, a seaside town close to the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Three rounds of study sampling, enrolling a total of 1134 subjects, were performed during May to August 2021. Here we show that the number of individuals carrying detectable IgG antibodies and the neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels were greater in vaccinated groups compared to unvaccinated ones, highlighting the importance of vaccination to attain noticeable levels of populational immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, we found a decreased incidence of COVID-19 throughout the study, clearly correlated with the level of vaccinated individuals as well as the proportion of individuals with detectable levels of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 and NAb. The observed drop occurred even during the introduction of the Delta variant in Maricá, what suggests that the vaccination slowed down the widespread transmission of this variant. Overall, our data clearly support the use of vaccines to drop the incidence associated to SARS-CoV-2.
Three weeks of rehabilitation improves walking capacity but not daily physical activity in patients with multiple sclerosis with moderate to severe walking disability
Authors: Kuendig Sandra , Kool Jan , Polhemus Ashley , Schallert Wolfgang , Bansi Jens , Gonzenbach Roman Rudolf
Published: September 2022

Background

Patients with multiple sclerosis have low levels of physical activity. This is of concern because low activity levels are related to cardiovascular disease, poor walking ability, and reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of rehabilitation on daily physical activity and walking capacity in patients with multiple sclerosis who have moderate to severe walking disability.

Methods

This exploratory, observational study of 24 patients with multiple sclerosis examined daily physical activity, walking capacity and fatigue before and after 3 weeks of inpatient rehabilitation. Inpatient rehabilitation included physiotherapy (30–60 min, 5 times/week), strength and endurance training (30–45 min, 3–5 times/week), occupational therapy (30 min, 2–3 times/week), and neuropsychological training (30 min, 2 times/week). There were no specific interventions to target daily levels of physical activity.

Results

Daily physical activity did not change after rehabilitation (physical activity: effect size = –0.23, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.02‒0.62). There were significant improvements in walking capacity (Two-Minute Walk Test: effect size = 0.74, 95% CI 0.31‒1.16, +17 m, 20.2%) and mobility (Timed Up and Go Test: effect size = 0.65, 95% CI 0.22‒1.07, ‒2.1 s, 14.9%). Motor and cognitive fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor: effect size = 0.56, 95% CI 0.14‒0.99 and Cognitive Functions: effect size = 0.44, 95% CI 0.01‒0.86) improved significantly after rehabilitation.

Conclusion

Three weeks of rehabilitation improved walking capacity, but not daily physical activity, in patients with multiple sclerosis with moderate to severe walking disability. To increase physical activity, it may be necessary to add specific behavioural interventions to the rehabilitation programme. The intervention plan should include strategies to overcome personal and environmental barriers.
Spatiotemporal variation of malaria incidence in parasite clearance interventions and non-intervention areas in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Zeleke Melkamu Tiruneh , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Yenesew Muluken Azage
Published: September 2022

Background

In Ethiopia, malaria remains a major public health problem. To eliminate malaria, parasite clearance interventions were implemented in six kebeles (the lowest administrative unit) in the Amhara region. Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of malaria is essential for targeting appropriate parasite clearance interventions to achieve the elimination goal. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal distribution of malaria incidence in the intervention and non-intervention areas. This study aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of community-based malaria in the intervention and non-intervention kebeles between 2013 and 2018 in the Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.

Methods

Malaria data from 212 kebeles in eight districts were downloaded from the District Health Information System2 (DHIS2) database. We used Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to investigate seasonal variations; Anselin Local Moran’s I statistical analysis to detect hotspot and cold spot clusters of malaria cases; and a discrete Poisson model using Kulldorff scan statistics to identify statistically significant clusters of malaria cases.

Results

The result showed that the reduction in the trend of malaria incidence was higher in the intervention areas compared to the non-intervention areas during the study period with a slope of -0.044 (-0.064, -0.023) and -0.038 (-0.051, -0.024), respectively. However, the difference was not statistically significant. The Global Moran’s I statistics detected the presence of malaria clusters (z-score = 12.05; p<0.001); the Anselin Local Moran’s I statistics identified hotspot malaria clusters at 21 locations in Gendawuha and Metema districts. A statistically significant spatial, temporal, and space-time cluster of malaria cases were detected. Most likely type of spatial clusters of malaria cases (LLR = 195501.5; p <0.001) were detected in all kebeles of Gendawuha and Metema districts. The temporal scan statistic identified three peak periods between September 2013 and November 2015 (LLR = 8727.5; p<0.001). Statistically significant most-likely type of space-time clusters of malaria cases (LLR = 97494.3; p<0.001) were detected at 22 locations from June 2014 to November 2016 in Metema district.

Conclusion

There was a significant decline in malaria incidence in the intervention areas. There were statistically significant spatiotemporal variations of malaria in the study areas. Applying appropriate parasite clearance interventions is highly recommended for the better achievement of the elimination goal. A more rigorous evaluation of the impact of parasite clearance interventions is recommended.
Bioelectrical impedance analysis for early screening of upper limb subclinical lymphedema: A case–control study
Authors: Zhuang Linli , Chen Huaying , Zheng Xuemei , Wu Shaoyong , Yu Youhui , Lan Lu , Xu Liang , Xu Jumei , Fan Hongying
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer-related lymphedema is a treatment-related chronic disease that causes great distress and medical burden. Early screening and precautionary measures for lymphedema could improve well-being and decrease medical costs. Herein, we used bioelectrical impedance analysis for early screening of lymphedema. We set up a verifiable standardized subclinical standard to screen subclinical lymphedema in postoperative breast cancer patients using bioelectrical impedance. The first part determined the criteria of subclinical lymphedema. Among the 424 female participants, 127 were healthy women, whereas 297 were postoperative breast cancer survivors. Subclinical standard boundaries were determined by the 95% confidence interval of the healthy women. The screening rate of patients with subclinical lymphedema was inferred by comparing the subclinical standard boundaries and the postoperative patient values. A total of 14.81–20.87% of postoperative breast cancer survivors were identified as patients with subclinical lymphedema. The second part provided the results of the verification test of this subclinical standard. The data of the verification test from 30 healthy women and 30 screened patients met the subclinical standard, and 30 breast cancer survivors with lymphedema verified the utility and feasibility of the subclinical standard. Therefore, this standard could provide a screening tool for early the identification of subclinical breast cancer survivors. Early detection helps implement personal and precise medical precautions for patients with subclinical lymphedema.
A machine learning ensemble approach for 5- and 10-year breast cancer invasive disease event classification
Authors: Massafra Raffaella , Comes Maria Colomba , Bove Samantha , Didonna Vittorio , Diotaiuti Sergio , Giotta Francesco , Latorre Agnese , La Forgia Daniele , Nardone Annalisa , Pomarico Domenico , Ressa Cosmo Maurizio , Rizzo Alessandro , Tamborra Pasquale , Zito Alfredo , Lorusso Vito , Fanizzi Annarita
Published: September 2022

Designing targeted treatments for breast cancer patients after primary tumor removal is necessary to prevent the occurrence of invasive disease events (IDEs), such as recurrence, metastasis, contralateral and second tumors, over time. However, due to the molecular heterogeneity of this disease, predicting the outcome and efficacy of the adjuvant therapy is challenging. A novel ensemble machine learning classification approach was developed to address the task of producing prognostic predictions of the occurrence of breast cancer IDEs at both 5- and 10-years. The method is based on the concept of voting among multiple models to give a final prediction for each individual patient. Promising results were achieved on a cohort of 529 patients, whose data, related to primary breast cancer, were provided by Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” in Bari, Italy. Our proposal greatly improves the performances returned by the baseline original model, i.e., without voting, finally reaching a median AUC value of 77.1% and 76.3% for the IDE prediction at 5-and 10-years, respectively. Finally, the proposed approach allows to promote more intelligible decisions and then a greater acceptability in clinical practice since it returns an explanation of the IDE prediction for each individual patient through the voting procedure.
The effect of footwear on mechanical behaviour of the human ankle plantar-flexors in forefoot runners
Authors: Bonacci Jason , Spratford Wayne , Kenneally-Dabrowski Claire , Trowell Danielle , Lai Adrian
Published: September 2022

Purpose

To compare the ankle plantar-flexor muscle-tendon mechanical behaviour during barefoot and shod forefoot running.

Methods

Thirteen highly trained forefoot runners performed five overground steady-state running trials (4.5 ± 0.5 m.s-1) while barefoot and shod. Three-dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected and used as inputs for musculoskeletal modelling. Muscle-tendon behaviour of the ankle plantar-flexors (soleus; medial gastrocnemius; and lateral gastrocnemius) were estimated across the stance phase and compared between barefoot and shod running using a two-way multivariate analysis of variance.

Results

During barefoot running peak muscle-tendon unit (MTU) power generation was 16.5% (p = 0.01) higher compared to shod running. Total positive MTU work was 18.5% (p = 0.002) higher during barefoot running compared to shod running. The total sum of tendon elastic strain energy was 8% (p = 0.036) greater during barefoot compared to shod running, however the relative contribution of tendon and muscle fibres to muscle-tendon unit positive work was not different between conditions.

Conclusion

Barefoot forefoot running demands greater muscle and tendon work than shod forefoot running, but the relative contribution of tendon strain energy to overall muscle-tendon unit work was not greater.
A predictor model of treatment resistance in schizophrenia using data from electronic health records
Authors: Kadra-Scalzo Giouliana , Fonseca de Freitas Daniela , Agbedjro Deborah , Francis Emma , Ridler Isobel , Pritchard Megan , Shetty Hitesh , Segev Aviv , Casetta Cecilia , Smart Sophie E. , Morris Anna , Downs Johnny , Christensen Søren Rahn , Bak Nikolaj , Kinon Bruce J. , Stahl Daniel , Hayes Richard D. , MacCabe James H.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

To develop a prognostic tool of treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) in a large and diverse clinical cohort, with comprehensive coverage of patients using mental health services in four London boroughs.

Methods

We used the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) for time-to-event data, to develop a risk prediction model from the first antipsychotic prescription to the development of TRS, using data from electronic health records.

Results

We reviewed the clinical records of 1,515 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and observed that 253 (17%) developed TRS. The Cox LASSO survival model produced an internally validated Harrel’s C index of 0.60. A Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that the hazard of developing TRS remained constant over the observation period. Predictors of TRS were: having more inpatient days in the three months before and after the first antipsychotic, more community face-to-face clinical contact in the three months before the first antipsychotic, minor cognitive problems, and younger age at the time of the first antipsychotic.

Conclusions

Routinely collected information, readily available at the start of treatment, gives some indication of TRS but is unlikely to be adequate alone. These results provide further evidence that earlier onset is a risk factor for TRS.
Differences in risk factors for surgical site infection between laparotomy and laparoscopy in gastrointestinal surgery
Authors: Utsumi Momoe , Yamada Terumasa , Yamabe Kazuo , Katsura Yoshiteru , Fukuchi Nariaki , Fukunaga Hiroki , Tanemura Masahiro , Shimizu Junzo , Kagawa Yoshinori , Kobayashi Shogo , Takahashi Hidekazu , Tanaka Koji , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Nakayama Nana , Makimoto Kiyoko , Doki Yuichiro
Published: September 2022

Extensive gastrointestinal surgery surveillance data in Japan were analyzed to examine the differences in the risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) between laparotomy and laparoscopic abdominal procedures. Surgical procedures investigated in the study were gastrectomy, cholecystectomy, colectomy, rectal resection, and appendectomy. A total of 32,629 patients were included in the study. The study participants were divided into two groups according to the year of surgery, 2003–2009 (first study period) and 2010–2015 (second study period), due to the increase in the number of laparoscopic surgeries in the second study period. The incidence of SSI was stratified by three SSI classifications (superficial incisional, deep incisional, and organ/space SSI). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to predict the risk factors for SSI. The percentage of laparoscopic surgeries performed has increased linearly since 2010. Patients in the second study period were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of SSI risk factors compared with those in the first study period. In addition, the predictive factors changed substantially in most surgical procedures between the two study periods. Wound class ≥ 3 was a ubiquitous risk factor for superficial incisional SSI (SI-SSI) and organ/space SSI (OS-SSI) in both open (laparotomy) and laparoscopic procedures in the first study period. Meanwhile, in the second study period, operative duration was a ubiquitous risk factor in both procedures. The risk factors for SI-SSI differed from those for OS-SSI in the five abdominal surgeries investigated in the study. Periodic examination of risk factors for SSI is recommended in an aging society.
Impact of systematic medication review in emergency department on patients’ post-discharge outcomes—A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Nymoen Lisbeth Damlien , Flatebø Trude Eline , Moger Tron Anders , Øie Erik , Molden Espen , Viktil Kirsten Kilvik
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The main objective of this study was to investigate whether systematic medication review conducted by clinical pharmacists can impact clinical outcomes and post-discharge outcomes for patients admitted to the emergency department.

Method

This parallel group, non-blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted in the emergency department, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03123640 in April 2017. From April 2017 to May 2018, patients ≥18 years were included and randomized (1:1) to intervention- or control group. The control group received standard care from emergency department physicians and nurses. In addition to standard care, the intervention group received systematic medication review including medication reconciliation conducted by pharmacists, during the emergency department stay. The primary outcome was proportion of patients with an unplanned contact with hospital within 12 months from inclusion stay discharge.

Results

In total, 807 patients were included and randomized, 1:1, to intervention or control group. After excluding 8 patients dying during hospital stay and 10 patients lacking Norwegian personal identification number, the primary analysis comprised 789 patients: 394 intervention group patients and 395 control group patients. Regarding the primary outcome, there was no significant difference in proportion of patients with an unplanned contact with hospital within 12 months after inclusion stay discharge between groups (51.0% of intervention group patients vs. 53.2% of control group patients, p = 0.546).

Conclusion

As currently designed, emergency department pharmacist-led medication review did not significantly influence clinical- or post-discharge outcomes. This study did, however pinpoint important practical implementations, which can be used to design tailored pharmacist-led interventions and workflow regarding drug-related issues in the emergency department setting.
Area of focus to handle delays related to maternal death in Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfay Neamin , Tariku Rozina , Zenebe Alemu , Mohammed Fetiya , Woldeyohannes Fitsum
Published: September 2022

Background

Maternal delay factors, together with medical factors, have a substantial role in determining maternity outcomes. Although several studies were conducted on delay factors that contribute to maternal death in Ethiopia, the studies were mostly focused either on an individual or at a provincial level factor with a limited number of study participants. In response to this gap, this study is aimed at exploring the magnitude and factors related to delay factors that contribute to maternal death in Ethiopia.

Methods

The study used maternal death surveillance data collected from different regions of Ethiopia, compiled between 2013 and 2021. A total of 4530 maternal deaths were reviewed during the study period. A Multilevel multinomial logistic regression model was applied to examine factors associated with delays related to maternal death. An adjusted relative risk ratio with a 95% confidence interval was stated and variables with p-values less than 0.05 were declared as significant predictors of maternal delay.

Result

Delay three (delay in receiving adequate and appropriate care once reached a health facility) has contributed to 36.3% of maternal deaths followed by delay one (delay in deciding to seek care when experiencing an obstetric emergency) and delay two (delay in reaching to an appropriate obstetric facility) where each of them contributed to 36.1% and 27.6% of maternal deaths respectively. In the multivariate multilevel multinomial model, maternal age, education status, and place of death were among the individual level factors associated with both delay two and delay three. Conversely, marital status and ANC follow-up were associated with delay two alone, while the timing of maternal death was associated with delay three. Residence and type of facility were provincial-level factors linked with both delay two and delay three, while the type of region was related to delay three of maternal death.

Conclusion

Both delay one and three have a major contribution to maternal death in Ethiopia. Individual and provincial level factors played an important role in determining delays related to maternal death. Therefore, it is crucial to account for measures that provide emphasis on the area of raising awareness on the utilization of Antenatal care (ANC) service, improving facility readiness to handle obstetrics emergencies, and narrowing down inequality among regions in service provision.
Thiopurines inhibit coronavirus Spike protein processing and incorporation into progeny virions
Authors: Pringle Eric S. , Duguay Brett A. , Bui-Marinos Maxwell P. , Mulloy Rory P. , Landreth Shelby L. , Desireddy Krishna Swaroop , Dolliver Stacia M. , Ying Shan , Caddell Taylor , Tooley Trinity H. , Slaine Patrick D. , Bearne Stephen L. , Falzarano Darryl , Corcoran Jennifer A. , Khaperskyy Denys A. , McCormick Craig
Published: September 2022

There is an outstanding need for broadly acting antiviral drugs to combat emerging viral diseases. Here, we report that thiopurines inhibit the replication of the betacoronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2. 6-Thioguanine (6-TG) disrupted early stages of infection, limiting accumulation of full-length viral genomes, subgenomic RNAs and structural proteins. In ectopic expression models, we observed that 6-TG increased the electrophoretic mobility of Spike from diverse betacoronaviruses, matching the effects of enzymatic removal of N-linked oligosaccharides from Spike in vitro. SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) harvested from 6-TG-treated cells were deficient in Spike. 6-TG treatment had a similar effect on production of lentiviruses pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 Spike, yielding pseudoviruses deficient in Spike and unable to infect ACE2-expressing cells. Together, these findings from complementary ectopic expression and infection models strongly indicate that defective Spike trafficking and processing is an outcome of 6-TG treatment. Using biochemical and genetic approaches we demonstrated that 6-TG is a pro-drug that must be converted to the nucleotide form by hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) to achieve antiviral activity. This nucleotide form has been shown to inhibit small GTPases Rac1, RhoA, and CDC42; however, we observed that selective chemical inhibitors of these GTPases had no effect on Spike processing or accumulation. By contrast, the broad GTPase agonist ML099 countered the effects of 6-TG, suggesting that the antiviral activity of 6-TG requires the targeting of an unknown GTPase. Overall, these findings suggest that small GTPases are promising targets for host-targeted antivirals.
Censorship, public opinion and the representation of Coptic minority in contemporary Egyptian cinema: The case of Amr Salama’s Lamo’aķhza (Excuse My French) (2014)
Authors: Abraham Nevine
Published: September 2022

Censorship decisions on cinematic works in Egypt have been characterized by their inconsistency due to the intentional lack of definition of what would constitute a threat to politics, religion and morality. Such fluidity has forced filmmakers to practise self-censorship and deterred them from tackling Coptic problems for fear of igniting sectarianism, as censorship would claim. This article shows the role of public opinion during the period of political instability and aspiration for freedom after the 25 January 2011 Egyptian Revolution in facilitating the approval of the controversial script of Amr Salama’s Excuse My French (2014), which deals with the issue of discrimination against minority Copts in public schools, after five rejections by the censors.
Spectacle and Diversity: Transnational Media and Global Culture, Lee Artz (2022)
Authors: Mututa Addamms
Published: September 2022

Review of: Spectacle and Diversity: Transnational Media and Global Culture, Lee Artz (2022)

London and New York: Routledge, 260 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-36775-417-4, e-book, £31.49
In memory: Prof. Ntongela Masilela1
Authors: Thompson Bridget
Published: September 2022

An appreciation of a brief but intense and productive friendship and dialogue.
Editorial
Authors:   Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Drew Neil
Published: September 2022

Welcome to the latest edition of the Journal of the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet. This month we celebrate the 25th anniversary of the HealthInfoNet, which began in 1997 with the vision to ‘maintain the evidence base to inform practice and policy in the area of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health’. We are pleased to continue this work through publication of our Journal, which facilitates access to information that supports those working in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health sector.
First-Stage Development of the Pitjantjatjara Translation of the World Health Organization’s Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)
Authors:   University of Adelaide, Stevens Matthew , Barry Dom ,   Flinders University, Bertossa Sue ,   Flinders University, Thompson Mark ,   Drug and Alcohol Services South Australia (DASSA), Ali Robert ,   University of Adelaide
Published: September 2022

Substance use is a leading contributor to global disease, illness and death. Compared with non-Indigenous Australians, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are at an increased risk of substance-related harms due to the experience of additional social, cultural, and economic factors. While preventive approaches, including screening and early interventions are promising, currently there are limited options available to healthcare workers that are culturally appropriate for use in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. Therefore, the aim of this research was to translate and culturally adapt the World Health Organization endorsed, Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) into Pitjantjatjara. This paper first describes the process of translation and adaptation of the instrument (Phase 1). The process of focus-group testing the translated instrument for accuracy and cultural appropriateness is also discussed (Phase 2). Key findings from both phases are presented in the context of how the research team worked with key stakeholders in the community to identify facilitators and work through barriers to implementation. The findings from this paper will be used to inform the development of a digital, app-based version of the instrument for the purposes of pilot-testing and validation.
Prevalence of Health-Risk Behaviours Among Indigenous Australians With Diabetes: A Review
Authors:   The University of Melbourne, Atkinson-Briggs Sharon , Jenkins Alicia ,   University of Sydney, Ryan Christopher ,   The University of Melbourne, Brazionis Laima ,   The University of Melbourne
Published: September 2022

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are at high risk of Type 2 diabetes and its complications. Optimal lifestyle choices can improve health outcomes. A thematic review of original research publications related to smoking, nutrition, alcohol intake, physical activity and emotional wellness in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians with diabetes was performed. Overall, 7118 English-language publications were identified by search engines (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline-Web of Science, and Google Scholar) with search terms Indigenous Australians OR Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders AND diabetes AND lifestyle OR smoking OR nutrition OR alcohol OR physical activity OR emotional wellbeing and their common synonyms. After review of abstracts and publication reference lists, 36 articles met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. In general, the self-reported health-related behaviours of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australian adults with diabetes, which is predominantly Type 2 diabetes, was suboptimal. An important clinical challenge in diabetes care is to sustainably reduce smoking, improve nutrition (including alcohol use), increase physical activity, reduce sedentary time, and improve emotional wellbeing, which should lead to reduced rates of diabetes complications. Regular assessments and multi-stakeholder input, including individuals, communities, clinical, health policy, societal and government inputs and partnerships, are desirable to facilitate closing the gap in health between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous Australians.
A Comprehensive Review on Green Synthetic Approaches and Applications of 3d-Series Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Tejaswini G. , Kishore P. Lakshmi , Lakshmi V. Naga , Lakshmi K. Bhagya
Published: September 2022

Transition metal oxides have been studied by many workers of fields who want to find new ways to use them in medical devices and other fields. Researchers have done a lot of research on solid-state synthesis methods, which require high temperatures and make molecules that are thermodynamically stable. Transition metal oxides have been used for a wide range of things, from nanoparticles that deliver drugs to systems that store information in more than one state. In materials science and technology research and development, a new era of “green synthesis” methods is getting a great attention. Basically, green synthesis of materials and nanomaterials, which is done through a process of regulation, control, cleaning and remediation, will directly help make them more friendly to the environment. In this review, various green approaches for 3d-series metal oxide nanoparticles and their applications are discussed.
Catalytic Organic Reactions in Liquid Phase by Perovskite Oxides: A Review
Authors: Mistri Rajib
Published: September 2022

The structural flexibility and controllable physico-chemical characters of perovskite oxides have drawn major attention of researchers for catalytic reactions. Perovskite oxide are mainly used as catalysts for electrochemical, high temperature gas-phase and photocatalytic reactions but their uses for catalytic organic reactions in liquid phase are limited. Various porous and nano-perovskite oxides have been prepared by different methods are effectively used as catalyst for different types of organic reactions in liquid phase. The liquid-phase catalytic organic reactions over perovskite oxides have been classified mainly into three groups: (i) acid/base catalyzed, (ii) selective oxidation and (iii) cross-coupling reactions. This review article mainly emphases on different examples of perovskite oxides catalyzed organic reactions in liquid phase along with the relationships among the unique catalytic performance with the structural and the physico-chemical properties of perovskites.
A Review on Techniques and Challenges of Energy Harvesting from Ambient Sources
Authors: Halim Md Abdul , Hossain Md Momin , Islam Md. Shoriful , Khatun Erona
Published: September 2022

Energy harvesting is a process of generating energy from various ambient sources. Vibration energy harvesting has been a dynamic field of studying interest over the past decade due to the mitigation of power crisis from society. To harvest electrical energy various energy harvesting techniques have arisen. Vibration energy harvesting has been focused by researchers due to the power generation capability and high power density of vibration. Energy is crucial for stimulating sensor nodes, Sensor networks, low-power electronics and traffic regulators. As a matter of fact, the number of research on energy harvesting from vibration has increased in the last decade. This paper presents a magnificent review on various energy harvesting techniques, energy harvesting sources, state-of-the art and various challenges of vibration energy harvesting. In the theory section various renewable energy sources, energy conversion and their introduction have been presented. In the third section various energy harvesting techniques for example mechanical vibrations, electromagnetic, piezoelectric and electrostatic have been discussed. Third section has explained various challenges of energy harvesting. In the conclusion, the author tried to explain the comparison among the harvesting techniques. Finally it can be said that, all of the things such as ambient renewable sources, energy harvesting techniques and facing challenges are crucial for new coming researchers in the energy harvesting field to solve the energy exigency from the society.
The association of trait emotional intelligence with the levels of anxiety, stress and physical activity engagement of adolescents
Authors:   Department of the Didactics of Musical, Artistic and Corporal Expression, University of Granada, Spain, Castro-Sánchez Manuel , Ramiro-Sánchez Tamara ,   Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Granada, Spain, García-Mármol Eduardo ,   Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Spain, Chacón-Cuberos Ramón ,   Department of Research and Diagnostic Methods in Education, University of Granada, Spain
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Emotional intelligence is considered a protective and facilitating factor for physical and mental health. The aims of the present study are to define and compare an explanatory model of trait emotional intelligence, anxiety, stress and physical activity engagement, as well as to analyse existing relationships between the aforementioned variables as a function of gender. Method: The present study was descriptive and cross-sectional in nature, employing a sample of 2452 Spanish adolescents (age range = 13-16 years of age). A multi-group model of structural equations was developed which presented an excellent fit. Results: For both genders, a negative association was detected between emotional intelligence and anxiety levels. A direct positive association emerged between trait emotional intelligence and physical activity engagement, in addition to a positive association between anxiety and stress. In boys, a negative association existed between trait emotional intelligence and stress levels, as well as an indirect negative association between physical activity engagement and trait anxiety. In girls, an indirect negative association was observed between physical activity engagement and stress levels. Conclusions: Trait emotional intelligence is positively associated with physical activity engagement. Further, both variables are negatively associated with levels of anxiety and stress, with some differences emerging as a function of gender.
Editing as Creative Act
Authors: Orley Emily
Published: September 2022

The following is a provocation inspired by my own imagined conversations with the works of five makers and thinkers who have all profoundly shaped my outlook at different times over the last twenty years. These are the American scholar and cultural theorist Laura Harris; the French theatre maker and educator Jacques Lecoq; the British cultural geographer Doreen Massey; the American scholar, feminist, and cultural theorist Jennifer C. Nash; the Brazilian cultural theorist, psychoanalyst, and curator Suely Rolnik, and American scholar Gregory Ulmer. Together, they form an eclectic but brilliant group of individuals, whose writing, thinking, and doing have made me ask questions in new ways.
Provoked by Translation
Authors: Mathews Timothy
Published: September 2022

An evocation of translation as process, and the voices discovered. Followed by some notes on research fields; and on translation, editing, and self-editing.
The Analytical Onomasticon Project
Authors: McCarty Willard
Published: September 2022

As Russ Wooldridge pointed out many years ago, all too often “the computer disappears into the background” once its results are to hand (http://projects.chass.utoronto.ca/chwp/). This is especially true if those results fall short of expectations. In the following I describe the history of a project whose failure in those terms turned out to be far more important than its impossible success would have been. The moral of this story is that with persistence the futile struggle to conform works of the imagination to finite, algorithmic requirements is, or can be, transformational. To quote Italo Calvino, the encoder plays a game that if played long, hard, and well enough “finds itself invested with an unexpected meaning [. . .] slipped in from another level” (1980/1966, §4).
The Scholarly Edition as Digital Experience
Authors: Van Mierlo Wim
Published: September 2022

What if the makers of digital scholarly editions reimagined the edition as an exhibition? There is no shortage of vision when it comes to reimagining the digital edition for the future, but innovation always lags behind vision. This affects in particular the call for reader-oriented editions. Digital scholarly editions are, on the whole, rich and useful resources developed to support the critical work of their users. But as resources they can also be complex and somewhat daunting, which does not make them “usable” for a broad spectrum of readers. Bringing curation into the editorial process can help make editions more inclusive and reach a wider readership. To do so is not to change the nature of the game or the purpose of the edition, but to think about simple solutions for how the data and editorial argument can be communicated more clearly and effectively. Though separate activities, curating and editing clearly intersect with one another in the creative-critical modes that they apply to historical artifacts. The aim of both is to contextualize, historicize, and mediate the past for the present. Borrowing some of the verbal, visual, and multimedia tools that curators employ in exhibitions can augment the edition, help guide the reader through the complex data, and support her in becoming the kind of relational reader that the digital scholarly edition envisions.
Literary Fields Forever
Authors: Portela Manuel
Published: September 2022

The LdoD Archive: Collaborative Archive of the Book of Disquiet was published on the web in December 2017. Over the past four years we have organized many workshops in different settings, aimed at encouraging appropriations of the reading, editing, and writing functionalities of the platform. The virtual editing tools, in particular, have been a major source of experiments. These include, for instance, annotated editions, personal anthologies, staged readings, performance pieces, scriptwriting for video, virtual editions based on social media, and automatically generated editions. Through interfaces designed for exploring the multiple facets of Fernando Pessoa’s Book of Disquiet, the role-playing principle of the system has been adopted in creative and critical activities that bring the text into diverse environments. This article describes these resituated and playful textual practices as a living model of the literary field.
EDWARDS, Gavin. 2020. The Case of the Initial Letter: Charles Dickens and the Politics of the Dual Alphabet.
Authors: Kane Christopher
Published: September 2022

Book review.
ALLEN, Heather J., and Andrew R. REYNOLDS, eds. 2018. Latin American Textualities: History, Materiality and Digital Media.
Authors: Balderston Daniel
Published: September 2022

Book review.
MURRAY, Joshua M., and Ross K. TANGEDAL, eds. 2021. Editing the Harlem Renaissance.
Authors: Barton Melissa
Published: September 2022

Book Review
KIRSCHENBAUM, Matthew. 2021. Bitstreams: The Future of Digital Literary Heritage.
Authors: Hankins Gabriel
Published: September 2022

Book review.
A method for prediction of S-N curve of spot-welded joints based on numerical simulation
Authors: Yang L. , Yang B. , Yang G.W. , Xiao S.N. , Zhu T. , Wang F.
Published: September 2022

Currently, ΔF-N curves are often used to predict the fatigue lives of spot-welded joints, but the method for obtaining these ΔF-N curves is time-consuming, laborious, and non-universal. Tensile-shear fatigue tests were performed to obtain the fatigue lives and the corresponding normalized S-N curves of spot-welded joints. Subsequently, the force acting at the spot-welded joints was obtained by extracting the force and moment of the beam element in the shell-element-based finite element model, and the equivalent structural stress at the spot-welded joint was obtained based on the equiva-lent structural stress method. Finally, the S-N curves of the spot-welded joints were fitted using the least-squares method. A comparison of the S-N curves of the spot-welded joints with those of different materials revealed that the material type had a significant influence on the S-N curve. To avoid this influence, a method for predicting the S-N curve of the spot-welded joints was proposed based on the relationship between the ratio of the ten-sile strength and that of the fatigue limit of each material. This research provides guidance for predicting the fatigue life of spot-welded joints in engineering applications.
The Impact of Nationalist Action Party’s Realignment with The Ruling Party on the Demography and Ideological Self-Placement of the Nap Voters: Comparison of the (June) 2015 and the 2018 Parliamentary Elections
Authors: Aslan Mustafa Çağatay
Published: September 2022

The Nationalist Action Party realigned itself with the ruling Justice and Development Party after November 2015 parliamentary elections. Considering the typical radical right voters in European democracies, this study analyzes the impact of the change in the NAP’s stance on the overlap between radical right voters in Europe and Turkey. Using CSES dataset and employing a binomial logistic regression analysis the study compares demographic and ideological characteristics of the NAP’s voters in June 2015 and 2018 parliamentary elections. The analysis concludes that electoral profiles of voters who voted for NAP in 2018 elections were closer to those of typical radical right voters in Western European countries than those of voters who supported the party in June 2015 elections.