bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam dalam Tradisi Ngejot: Konsep Edukasi dalam Membangun Keharmonisan dan Kerukunan Antarumat Beragama Berbasis Kearifan Lokal
Authors: Baharun Hasan , Ulum Mohammad Bahrul , Azhari Ainun Najib
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a ngejot tradition which is a da’wah bil hal that has contributed a lot to the establishment of religious harmony in Bali, especially in Buleleng Regency. This is based on the lack of people that not interested by da’wah bil hal method in Islamic da'wah activities today. This research focuses on the values of Islamic teachings that contained in ngejot tradition, so it is expected to be a solution of harmony among religious communities in Indonesia, especially in Bali. This research uses qualitative method with case study approach. The results showed that, ngejot tradition is an implementation of da’wah bil hal that contains some values such as silaturrahim, shadaqah, musawa and tasamuh. In addition, ngejot is a tradition that able to provide solutions to religious harmony in Bali
Self Directed Learning of Islamic Kidergarten Students in Improving Multiple Children's Intelligences
Authors: Fadlilah Waqi’atul
Published: July 2020

This study examines the efforts to improve the Multiple Intelligence of children through Self Directed Learning (SDL) in TK Inayah, Sidodadi, Paiton Probolinggo. In learning activities require high motivation and a supportive atmosphere in the learning process. For that learners need classroom of life in which there is a spirit of self-directed learning or self-learning so that the various talents that have children are expected to be exposed well. This research uses qualitative method of case study type by interviewing principal, teacher and ask directly to learners. The results show that Self Directed Learning (SDL) in this institution can improve Multiple Intelligence in children. They freely choose the space according to their talents and interests. Advisor only accompanies and directs according to the potential of the child.
Kompetensi Sosial Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Siswa
Authors: Parnawi Afi
Published: July 2020

As a proffesional person in the field of education, teacher has some roles, such as: being a teacher, mentor, class adminisrator, curriculum developer, profiessionla developer, and public relation. A competence, in the perspective of education, is a necessity, since it must be based on the mastery of a knowledge. The teacher’s social competence should be the tools of communcation and interaction to the students, fellow educators, educational officers, students’ parents, and the society. Education has an important role in improving the quality of human resources and as an efforts to realize the public welfare of the intelectual life of the nation. Taken from the decree of Indonesian government, it is stated that “Education is implemented to develop the capabilities and to shape the dignified national character aiming to develop the potetentials of Indonesian people to be faithful and devoted to Allah and to create the  noble, healthy, knowledgable, capable, crative, and independent person as well as to become a democratic and responsible citizen.
Metode Pendidikan Islam untuk Generasi Millennial
Authors: Hidayat Andi
Published: July 2020

Method of education is very fundamental to the achievement of learning outcomes, effective learning and will actively encourage the learners to be able to better develop their potential, ranging from intelligence, personality, attitude and skills that are useful to themselves and society.Islamic studies and human beings have a dynamism that is very fast, where Islamic religious education will be valid for all times so that whenever and whoever learned it will be able to receive the same understanding and the whole of the sources of Islamic religious education, while humans when attached as a social creature will formed a challenge for him to be able to accept the changes of the era.The method of this paper is the study of literature with descriptive approach and explorative where it can be concluded that the method of Islamic education is a method of education by working regularly and systematically and reflect on all the factors that exist to achieve the objectives of Islamic religious education, to deliver material Islamic religious education in an effective and efficient method and a dynamic approach, including hiwar methods (conversation) Qur'anic and Prophet, stories of Qur'anic and Prophet, Amtsal Qur'anic and Prophet, Exemplar, habituation and practice, ibroh and Mau'izoh, Targheeb and tarhib.
Analysis on Achievement Test in Intensive English Program of IAIN Samarinda
Authors: Sucahyo Sari Agung , Noor Widya Noviana
Published: July 2020

As one of the tests, achievement test has to be qualified. A qualified test will be able to give the information about teaching correctly. If the achievement test is less qualified, the information related to students’ sucesss to achieve the instructional objective will also be less qualified. It means the test has to meet the characteristics of a good test. In fact, there has not been any effort yet to identify the quality of the achievement test which is used in Intensive English program. It means the information of the test quality cannot be found yet. Therefore, researchers are interested in analyzing the quality of achievement test for students in Intensive English program of IAIN Samarinda. Design of this research belongs to Content Analysis. Subject of this research is English achievement tests and 28 to 30 students were involved in the process of try out. Data were collected through three steps. Data were analyzed based on validity, reliability, and item quality. Finding of the research reveals 60 % of the tests have a good construct validity justified by related theories. It was found 55% of the tests have a good content validity. Reliability coefficient of the first tests format is 0, 65 and the second tests format shows 0, 52. Calculation of item difficulty shows 68% of the test items were between 0,20 – 0,80. The estimation of item discrimination shows 73% of the test items were between 0,20 – 0,50. While calculation of distracter efficiency shows 65% of the distracters were effective to distract the test takers.
Strategi Pengembangan Pendidikan Wilayah Perbatasan (Studi Kasus pada Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Tapal Batas Sebatik dan Nunukan)
Authors: Muri'ah Siti
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini hadir dalam rangka untuk memotret progress pendidikan serta upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah dan masyarakat setempat dalam mengembangkan pendidikan di perbatasan dengan berbagai kompleksitasnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field work research) yang mengambil fokus penelitian pada sekolah-sekolah di wilayah perbatasan Kalimantan Timur, yang memfokuskan penggalian datanya pada strategi sekolah dalam melakukan pengembangan, strategi membangun kemitraan, pola pendidikannya serta faktor-faktor yang menjadi kendala. Dalam mengumpulkan data, penulis menggunakan 3 teknik, yakni observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Setelah data terkumpul selanjutnya penulis menganalisis data dengan menggunakan model analisis interaktif Milles and Hubberman dengan alur: reduksi data, display data dan data conclutions. Berdasarkan hasil temuan dan pembahasan pada bab sebelumnya, maka penulis dapat mernaik kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Strategi yang dikembangkan yaitu boarding school. Model penyelenggaraan pendidikan di sekolah tersebut telah memadukan dua kategori yakni sekolah formal dengan asrama. Strategi sekolah dalam membangun kemitraan yakni dengan mengembangkan 4 hal, yaitu: relevansi yaitu, bahwa pendidikan yang diselenggarakan dapat menjawab kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap bentukan siswa ketika mereka bersekolah baik pada aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotorik. Kualitas yaitu sekolah dapat menghadirkan model penyelenggarakan pendidikan yang dapat merubah anak didik menjadi lebih baik, dalam konteks pendidikan perbatasan pemberdayaan anak dengan ragam keilmuan serta menumbuhkan rasa cinta tanah air. Otonomi kelembagaan yaitu sekolah menjadi dapat menjadi pelopor kepedulian terhadap nasib dan masa depan anak-anak perbatasan untuk memperoleh pendidikan yang layak dan bermutu. Pola pendidikan yang diterapkan antara lain: pendidikan boarding school, pendikan wawasan kebangsaan, dan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler. Faktor-faktor yang menjadi kendala dalam mengembangkan sekolah yaitu faktor geografis, minimnya tenaga pendidik dan kependidikan yang profesional, ketersedian sapras yang kurang memadai, dekadensi cinta tanah air, problem religiusitas serta minimya dukungan dari pemerintah pusat dan daerah.
Strategi Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu (SDIT) di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur (Studi kasus SDIT Cordova Samarinda dan SDIT YABIS Bontang)
Authors: Saleh Khairul
Published: July 2020

Demands for graduates of quality educational institutions increasingly urgent, in addition to competition between educational institutions also educational institutions must meet minimum graduation standards. This study uses a qualitative approach using data collection techniques, observation, interviews and documentation. Based on the findings, the authors conclude as follows: Education Quality Improvement Strategies at SDIT Cordova Samarinda and SDIT YABIS Bontang in terms of the input strategy adopted, namely the selection of Human Resources through a rigorous selection process in accordance with specified criteria; procurement of public utilities and insfrastructures are very complete; partnership support through collaboration with school committees and related foundations and educational institutions; funding guarantees obtained from stakeholders and the integration of the national curriculum, integrated Islamic school network and foundation, In the aspects of the strategic process adopted, namely optimizing the process of decision making, institutional management processes, program management processes, teaching and learning processes, and monitoring and evaluation processes. With a note that the teaching and learning process has the highest level of importance compared to other processes. While increasing the output aspect taken is to improve academic achievement by optimizing existing components and strive to produce quality graduates and increase non-academic achievements by seeking to produce students who have Islamic characters and excel in the arts, sports and extracurricular fields.
Manajemen Peserta Didik dalam Mengaktualisasikan Nilai-Nilai Karakter di Satuan Pendidikan
Authors: Ilyasin Mukhamad
Published: July 2020

One of components in school-based management that must be met is the student management. Management is intended to be related to the values of character education. It is arranged in a structured way from planning, implementation and control. The management consists of inculcation of values in the curriculum of learning activities, an assessment system for the behavior of educators and education personnel or other related components. Actualization of character values in the management of students is translated into several components of student management, namely: needs analysis, recruitment, selection, orientation, and class division that is included in the pre-school stages. Whereas at the school stage consists of student development components and recording and reporting and at the post-school stage relating to graduation.
Risk Factors of Metachronous Brain Metastasis in Patients with EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ouyang Wen , Yu Jing , Zhou Yan , Hu Jing , Huang Zhao , Zhang Junhong , Xie Conghua
Published: July 2020

Background NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation were at a higher incidence of developing brain metastasis (BM). Patients with BM are associated with high mortality. Reducing BM incidence becomes increasingly significant for NSCLC patients to achieve prolonged survival. The aim of the study was to explore the possible risk factors of developing metachronous BM during EGFR-TKIs treatment, and to identify the potential candidates for prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI ) or the first-line osimertinib treatment. Methods A total of 157 consecutive EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC patients without BM at initial diagnosis in our institution from 2012 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed . Comparisons of OS were performed based on BM status. The cumulative incidence of metachronous BM was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the independent risk factors of metachronous BM were investigated by multivariate analysis. Results Patients developing metachronous BM had worse survival (mOS: 22.1 months) than patients not-developing BM (mOS: 44.8 months). Moreover, the multivariate analysis indicated that age ≤ 49 years ( P =0.035), number of extracranial metastases ( P =0.013), and malignant pleural effusion ( P =0.002) were independent risk factors of metachronous BM. Furthermore, the 1-year actuarial incidence of developing metachronous BM in patients with no risk factor (n =101), 1 risk factor (n =46), and 2 risk factors (n =10) were 7.01%, 14.61%, and 43.75%, respectively ( P <0.001). Conclusions Patients developing metachronous BM during EGFR-TKIs treatment have worse outcomes. Our results suggested that EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC patients with ≥ 1 risk factors were candidates for PCI or the first-line Osimertinib treatment.
Three protein extraction methods for mass spectrometry proteomics of fresh frozen mouse tissue
Authors: Ser Zheng , Kentsis Alex
Published: July 2020

Human and animal tissues are frequently fresh frozen for archival storage. These specimens can be used for proteomic analysis to analyze proteome composition. A critical step in these proteomic analyses is the extraction of proteins from fresh frozen samples, which can affect the sampling of the proteomes. Here, we compare three different methods for protein extraction from fresh frozen mouse heart tissue: 1) extraction using SDS buffer followed by FASP purification, 2) extraction using SDS buffer followed by S-Trap purification, and 3) extraction using a guanidine hydrochloride buffer followed by in-solution digestion. Based on bicinchoninic acid assay, all three methods display similar recovery of total protein content. However, proteomics-based analysis identified far fewer proteins from the extraction guanidine hydrochloride. SDS-FASP identifies as many proteins as the SDS-STrap method with good coverage of proteins from different cellular compartments.
Modified pedicle screw-rod versus anterior subcutaneous internal pelvic fixation for unstable pelvic anterior ring fracture: A retrospective study and finite element analysis
Authors: Ding Sheng-Long , Chen Fan-Cheng , Huang Jun-Ming , Zhang Guang-Ming , Wang Fu-Yong , Lei Jing-Hui , Wu Xiao-Tian , Ruan Zhi-yong
Published: July 2020

Objectives: This study compared the stability and clinical outcomes of modified pedicle screw-rod fixation (MPSRF) and anterior subcutaneous internal pelvic fixation (INFIX) for the treatment of anterior pelvic ring fractures using Tornetta and Matta grading system and finite element analyses.Methods: In a retrospective review of a consecutive patient series, 63 patients with Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA)/Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) type B or C pelvic ring fractures were treated by MPRSF (n=30) or INFIX (n=33). The main outcome measure were Majeed score, incidence of complications and adverse outcomes, and fixation stability was evaluated by finite element analysis (FEA).Results: two groups did not differ in terms of injury severity score, OTA classification, cause of injury, and time to pelvic surgery. However, the MPSRF group had a higher satisfactory rate according to the Tornetta and Matta grading system than the INFIX group (73.33% vs 63.63%) as well as a higher Majeed score (81.5±10.4 vs 76.3±11.2), which was statistically significant at 6 months’ post-surgery. FEA showed that MPRSF was stiffer and more stable than INFIX and had a lower risk of implant failure.Conclusions: Both MPSRF and INFIX have acceptable biomechanical stability for the treatment of unstable pelvic anterior ring fractures. However, MPRSF has better fixation stability and lower risk of implant failure, which can lead to better clinical outcomes.
Beauveria bassiana ERL836 and JEF-007 with similar virulence show different gene expression when infecting western flower thrips, Frankniella occidentalis
Authors: Kim Sihyeon , Kim Jong Cheol , Lee Se Jin , Lee Mi rong , Park So Eun , Li Dongwei , Baek Sehyeon , Shin Tae Young , Kim Jae Su
Published: July 2020

Background: Insect-killing fungal species, Beauveria bassiana, is as an environment-friendly pest management tool, and many isolates are on the track of industrialization. However, some of B. bassiana isolates show similar morphology and virulence against insect pests, and so it is hard to differentiate them. Herein we used two patented isolates, ERL836 and JEF-007, and investigated their virulence against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, and further analyzed genome structures and transcriptional responses when infecting the thrips to see possible differences.

Results: The two isolates showed no significant differences in fungal growth, conidial production, and virulence against thrips, and they were structurally similar in genome. But, in transcription level, ERL836 appeared to infect thrips easily, while JEF-007 appeared to have more difficulty. In the GO analysis of ERL836 DEGs (differentially expressed genes), the number of up-regulated genes was much larger than that of down-regulated genes, when compared to JEF-007 DEGs (more genes down-regulated). Interestingly, in the enrichment analysis using shared DEGs between two infecting isolates, plasma membrane-mediated transporter activity and fatty acid degradation pathway including cytochrome P450 were more active in infecting ERL836.

Conclusion: The two B. bassiana isolates had similar morphology and virulence as well as genome structure, but in transcription level they differently infected western flower thrips. This comparative approach using shared DEG analysis could be easily applied to characterize the difference of the two B. bassiana isolates, JEF-007 and ERL836.
The prognostic values of CRP kinetics and initial apoA-I in patients with advanced NSCLC: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhou Danli , Cheng Ting , Zhang Jinping , Ling Jingjing , Hong Yuan , Ping Fengfeng , Wang Yan
Published: July 2020

Background: To analyse the value of C-reactive protein (CRP) kinetics and initial apolipoproteinA1 (apoA-I) level as prognostic parameters in advanced non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Methods : Within a retrospective single-center study, serum CRP and apoA-I level were measured at baseline and at the start of each platinum-based chemotherapy cycle for 125 NSCLC patients. Survival analysis, calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test, was used to assess the prognostic significance of Serum CRP and apoA-I level and both levels. The non-parametric Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs) was used to measure the correlation between apoA-I and CRP. Results: Lung cancer-specific survival were significantly different across three CRP kinetics groups ( P <0.001), such significant differences were also seen between different apoA-I groups. In multivariate analysis, both CRP kinetics and apoA-I were independent significant factors for overall survival. Patients in non-normalized CRP group with lower apoA-I had a poor prognosis. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis revealed that the apoA-I level presented a negative correlation with the CRP level during treatment (r= -2.793, P <0.05). Conclusions: CRP kinetics and apoA-I may be useful to predict the prognosis of NSCLC patients treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and facilitate individualized treatment.
IL-4/IL-13 Remodeling Pathway of Covid-19 Lung Injury
Authors: Paula Caroline Busatta Vaz de , Azevedo Marina Luise Viola , Nagashima Seigo , Martins Ana Paula Camargo , Malaquias Mineia Alessandra Scaranello , Ribeiro Anna Flavia Miggiolaro , Júnior Jarbas da Silva Motta , Avelino Gibran , Carmo Leticia Arianne Panini do , Carstens Lucas Baena , Noronha Lucia de
Published: July 2020

Background: The COVID-19 fatality rate is high when compared to the H1N1pdm09 (pandemic Influenza A virus H1N1 subtype) rate, and although both cause an aggravated inflammatory response, the differences in the mechanisms of both pandemic pneumonias need clarification.Objective: To analyze tissue expression of interleukins 4, 13, (IL-4, IL-13), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and the number of M2 macrophages (Sphingosine-1) in patients who died by COVID-19, comparing with cases of severe pneumopathy caused by H1N1pdm09, and a control group without lung injury.Methods: Six lung biopsy samples of patients who died of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 group) were used and compared with ten lung samples of adults who died from a severe infection of H1N1pdm09 (H1N1 group) and eleven samples of patients who died from different causes without lung injury (CONTROL group). The expression of IL-4, IL-13, TGF-β, and M2 macrophages score (Sphingosine-1) were identified through immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results and conclusion: Significantly higher IL-4 tissue expression and Sphingosine-1 in M2 macrophages was observed in the COVID-19 group when compared to both the H1N1 and the CONTROL groups. Different mechanism of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in SARS-CoV-2 compared to H1N1pdm09 infections were observed. IL-4 expression and lung remodeling are phenomena observed in both SARS-COV-2 and H1N1pdm09. However, SARS-CoV-2 seems to promote lung damage through different mechanisms, such as the scarce participation Th1/Th17 response and the higher participation of the Th2. The understanding and management of the aggravated and ineffective immune response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 merits further clarification to improve treatments propose.
Academic performance and subtypes of psychological traits in undergraduate nursing students: A latent class analysis
Authors: Li Rui , Zhou Wanqiong , Wu Jing
Published: July 2020

Background: Undergraduate nursing students often encounter emotional problems due to academic stress. However, researchers have primarily focused on the impact of stressors, rather than understanding the subtypes of psychological state among students.Objectives: To identify subgroups of psychological traits among undergraduate nursing students using latent class analysis (LCA), and to examine the relationship between subgroups and exam failure risk.Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from May to July 2019. The Ruminative Responses Scale, Learning Burnout Questionnaire and Psychological Capital Scale were used to evaluate students’ psychological traits. Subjects were categorized into subgroups by latent class analysis. Cross-sectional comparisons and longitudinal regression analyses were subsequently performed.Settings and Participants: A total of 379 undergraduate nursing students from three medical colleges in Shanghai were investigated by cluster sampling method.Results: A total of four latent classes were identified based on the mean scores of rumination, learning burnout and psychological capital: Class 1 – General group (N=181, 47.76%); Class 2 – Negative psychologically dominated group (N=54, 14.25%); Class 3 – Positive psychologically dominated group (N=65, 17.15%); and Class 4 – Ambivalence psychological group (N=79, 20.84%). Students belonging into Class 1 and 2 displayed a higher rate of exam failure compared with those in Class 3 and 4 (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that Class 1 (OR=2.108, 95%CI 1.240-4.118, p=0.006) and Class 2 (OR=2.694, 95%CI 1.229-6.293, p=0.016) independently predicted exam failure among undergraduate nursing students after adjusting for age, gender, grade and other academic related factors.Conclusions: Our findings provide practical implications for effective interventions that target each specific subgroup. Undergraduate nursing students with “Negative psychologically dominated group” were at a higher risk of exam failure. Urgent attention should be paid to address issues associated with psychological coping in students and their effect on learning outcomes.
SMPD3-mediated extracellular vesicle biogenesis inhibits oligodendroglioma growth
Authors: Balakrishnan Anjali , Adnani Lata , Chinchalongporn Vorapin , Vasan Lakshmy , Prokopchuk Oleksandr , Chen Myra , El-Sehemy Ahmed , Olender Thomas , Touahri Yacine , Ahmad Shiekh Tanveer , Islam Rehnuma , Sujanthan Sajeevan , Zinyk Dawn , Comanita Lacrimioara , Kan Boris , Fleming Taylor , Leong Hon , Morshead Cindi , Brand Marjorie , Wallace Valerie , Chan Jennifer , Schuurmans Carol
Published: July 2020

Oligodendrogliomas are lower-grade, slow-growing gliomas that are ultimately fatal. Although driver mutations are known, the mechanisms underlying their signature slow growth rates are poorly understood. We found evidence for intra-tumoral interactions between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells in oligodendroglioma tissues. To further study these cell interactions, we used two patient-derived oligodendroglioma cell lines of lower and higher aggressivity. Both oligodendroglioma cell lines released extracellular vesicles that had cytotoxic effects on non-neoplastic and neoplastic cells, but each had distinct vesicular proteomes. Consistent with extracellular vesicles mediating growth inhibitory effects in oligodendrogliomas, higher expression levels of several extracellular vesicle biogenesis genes (SMPD3, TSG101, STAM1) correlates with longer survival in oligodendroglioma patients. Furthermore, SMPD3 overexpression slows oligodendroglioma cell growth in culture. Conversely, SMPD3 knockdown enhances oligodendroglioma proliferation in vitro, in murine xenografts, and in human cerebral organoid co-cultures. Oligodendroglioma-derived extracellular vesicles thus mediate tumor cell microenvironmental interactions that contribute to low aggressivity.
Deep-red circularly polarized luminescent C70 derivatives
Authors: Kano Haruka , Hayashi Hironobu , Matsuo Kyohei , Fujiki Michiya , Yamada Hiroko , Aratani Naoki
Published: July 2020

Optically active fullerenes (C76, C82, C84), including C60 and C70 derivatives carrying organic substituents, possess various potent applications because of unique spectroscopic, catalytic, and chiral recognition properties. However, their inherent photoexcited chirality has not yet been elucidated because of a very poor quantum yield of fluorescence (FL). With this background in mind, we synthesized new chiral C70 derivatives, X70A, solely by reacting bis-borylated xanthene with C70 in a one-step double addition reaction with 20% yield, followed by a successful optical resolution using a recyclable chiral-HPLC technique. The isolated X70A enantiomers were confirmed by their mirror-image circular dichroism spectra in the range of 300 nm and 700 nm. The enantiomeric pair of X70A in toluene revealed clearly mirror-image circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectra with a high |glum| value of 7.0 × 10–3 at 690 nm associated with FL lifetime of 0.99 ns. The deep-red CPL of X70A should provide new photofunctionality as chiral nanocarbon materials.
Approaching the necessity of pediatric palliative care in Colombia: a challenge for the health system.
Authors: Orrego Susana , Posada Karine , Librada Silvia , Lopera Juliana
Published: July 2020

Background: Pediatric Palliative Care (PPC) focuses on achieving quality of life and control the symptoms for children during the sickness process, also provide support to the family in order to relief suffering and give response to needs assessment. In Colombia, this subspecialty does not exist, as a result of not having clinic practice guides and information about the population who benefit under 18 years of age. This study is to approach the necessity of PPC in our country, defining a methodology to characterize and estimate prevalence of pediatric population who may need special care in order to develop an attention model. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted among 80,926 members between 0 and 18 years of age who has a private health insurance in Colombia between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018. Data was obtained from the insurance transactional database. Patients were grouped based on the Association for children with life threatening conditions and their families (ACT) of the Royal College of Pediatrics four classifications plus perinatal group. Results were processed and analyzed using descriptive statistical functions in Microsoft Excel. Results: 1,694 patients (2,09%) were eligible to enter a PPC program according to their IDC-10 diagnoses based on ACT plus group 5 classification. Approximately 54% were male, 57.97% were considered early childhood, 26.56% childhood and 15,47% adolescence. With regards to ACT classification and group 5; 55.55% of patients had diagnosis from group 5 (55.55%) followed by group 4 (23.2%) and group 1 non-cancer (9.68%). Being able to identify patients in need of PPC programs early may increase it being utilize at the time of diagnosis and not wait till the end of life. This might also help alleviate misconception of PPC only being offered during the end of life period. This study should help with the development of public and private politics aimed to promote the creation of PPC programs in developing countries.
Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Diabetes in Ibadan North-East and Ibadan South-East, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Temitayo Olayemi , Attah Alfred F , Bafor Enitome E. , Tokede Goodness O.
Published: July 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus, which is described to be a lifestyle disease, affects about 8.3% of the adult population of the world. Due to its alarming rate, it is one of the most common non-communicable diseases of current era. The burden of this disease is immense owing to transition in lifestyle and dietary habits, ageing of the population and urbanization in the setting of a genetically predisposed environment.Methodology: The study was aimed at documenting the knowledge of Traditional Medical Practitioners (TMPs) in Ibadan on ethnomedicinal plants used in the management of diabetes. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 100 TMPs and herb sellers within the study area. Data obtained was analysed using both descriptive statistics as well as quantitative ethnobotany including Use Mention Index, Use Value index and Fidelity level. Results:The total number of respondents from both study areas were 100, which were mainly females (94%) and most of them had no formal education. All respondents were Yoruba speaking. Results revealed 60 plants species belonging to 35 different families and 57 genera were cited by the respondents which they use in the management of diabetes. Hunteria umbellata is the most prominent plant species having the highest UMI reflecting it popularity and efficacy in the management of diabetes in both areas. Fabaceae (23%) has the highest number of plants species followed by Apocynaceae (17%), Annonaceae (11%), Curcurbitaceae (11%) and Liliaceae (8%). The leaves (25%) were the most commonly used plant parts for the management of diabetes followed by fruits (22%) and Bark (13%).in that order.Conclusion: The Southwest part of Nigeria is rich with unexplored plants useful in management of Diabetes and these documented traditional uses require scientific exploration and exploitation for drug discovery in diabetes therapy. Further studies are therefore encouraged in order to isolate, chemically elucidate and characterize the hypoglycaemic bioactive component which could serve as chemical lead for the development of novel antidiabetic drugs with desirable efficacy and safety profiles.
Rehmannia and Rhubarb Decoction Exerts Neuroprotective Effects on the Blood-brain barrier during Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Downregulating the HMGB1/TLR4/MMP9 signaling pathway
Authors: Jiang Shan , Li Chun-Mei , Cai Ding-Fang , Zhang Jing-Si , Yu Xiao-Fei
Published: July 2020

Background

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a gate-keeping system with selective permeability that serves to protect the central nervous system. The underlying neuroprotective mechanism of the BBB during acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains poorly understood. Rehmannia and rhubarb decoction (RRD) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine formula that has been extensively applied for hemorrhagic diseases in China. In the present study, the potential protective effects of RRD on the BBB during acute ICH and the underlying mechanism were investigated.
Methods

The ICH model was established by injection of autologous blood (100 µl) into spontaneously hypertensive rats, which were randomly divided into the following groups: i) Sham; ii) ICH; iii) RRD; iv) TAK-242; v) TAK-242 + RRD; vi) high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) inhibitor ethyl pyruvate (EP); and vii) EP + RRD. Neurological deficits, pathological examination, brain water content, Evans blue(EB) extravasation, immunofluorescence staining and the expression levels of HMGB1, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), Claudin-5, Occludin and zona occludens − 1 (Zo-1) were subsequently examined in each group on day 3 following operation. In addition, MRI and transmission electron microscopy were also performed to observe the BBB structure.
Results

RRD treatment markedly improved neurological functions, reduced brain water content and Evans blue extravasation, ameliorated the disruption of BBB and downregulated HMGB1, TLR4 and MMP-9 expression whilst upregulating the expression of Claudin-5, Occludin and Zo-1.
Conclusion

These results demonstrate that RRD has a protective effect on the BBB in rats during ICH and this protective effect is related to the down-regulation of HMGB1/TLR4/MMP9 signaling pathway.
Identification of Hub Genes to Control Cancer Stem cell Characteristics in Colon Adenocarcinoma Through Bioinformatics Analysis and Validation by Western Blotting
Authors: Li Yu , Zhang Ye , Teng Yuhao , Wang Junyi , Zhang Jingyan , Ling Bofan , Shao Jie , Li Youran , Liu Baoxinzi
Published: July 2020

Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in the development of cancer. This study aimed to identify hallmark genes associated with the adjustment of CSC properties.Methods: The COAD data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database were assessed based on the mRNA stemness index (mRNAsi) and corrected mRNAsi. Then, both of them were analyzed with differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The gene modules were pinpointed through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). The genes of the most interest module were functionally annotated through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) was adopted to obtain protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, and the hub genes were identified in the light of the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) and Cytoscape plugin cytoHubba. Upstream genes were analyzed via the DisNor. In addition, the associations between clinical variables and hub genes were estimated. The bioinformatic results were verified based on Gene Expression Profling Integrative Analysis (GEPIA), Oncomine and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Finally, the protein expression of the hub genes was verified by western blotting.Results: Both the corrected mRNAsi and mRNAsi increased within COAD tissues relative to those within normal colon tissues, which showed a significantly decreasing trend in COAD as the clinical stage. GO indicated the biological processes, including muscle cell differentiation, multicellular organismal signaling, muscle system process and muscle contraction. KEGG revealed Tight junction, Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), Vascular smooth muscle contraction, and the cGMP PKG signal transduction pathway. The seven hub genes (ACTA2, CALD1, LMOD1, MYL9, MYLK, TAGLN and TPM2) were identified in the brown module. Most of them were associated with clinical stage; MYL9, TAGLN and TPM2 were associated with overall survival. TGFB1, SRF, ROCK1 and PRKCA were the upstream genes through the DisNor. In the Oncomine, GEO and GEPIA databases, the expression of seven hub genes were down-regulated. In TCGA and GEPIA databases, the tendency of the seven hub genes was decreased with the advance in stage. Conclusions: The hub genes identified in the present study meight play a vital role in the preservation of COAD stem cells.
Optimized Space Station CV Method and Its Differences from GNSS CV
Authors: Liu Yinhua , Li Xiaohui
Published: July 2020

There will be better atomic clock system and micro-wave time comparison link in the near earth space station, like Chinese Space Station and European ACES(Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space) system, than those in the GNSS(Global Navigation satellite System) satellites. Therefore, the space station common-view (CV) will realize more accurate time comparison than GNSS CV in theory. But due to the orbit characteristic of the space station, there are some limitations if traditional GNSS CV time comparison method is applied to the space station. In order to solve these problems, the GNSS CV method is optimized and the method that is appropriate for the space station is proposed. First, the basic CV principle is analyzed, and the delay items which are needed to be considered for GNSS and space station CV are compared and analyzed. Then, the differences between GNSS and space station CV are studied, and the influences of orbit error on these two CV methods are analyzed in detail. The GNSS CV method is optimized to be fit for the space station next. Finally, the performance of the optimized method is validated by simulated experiments. The simulation results show that the space station time comparison accuracy of several tens of picoseconds can be obtained by the optimized method. Furthermore, the problem of CV blind area is solved by the optimized method effectively.
REV3L Gene Variants rs1002481, rs462779, and rs465646 Lead to Increased Susceptibility Towards Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Population of Jammu and Kashmir.
Authors: Jamwal Rajeshwar Singh , Mahajan Nikita , Bhat Gh. Rasool , Bhat Amrita , Sharma Bhanu , Shah Ruchi , Sharma Minerva , Verma Sonali , Bakshi Divya , Sharma Rahul , Abrol Deepak , Kumar Rakesh , Bhat Audesh
Published: July 2020

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type of lung cancer accounting for 80–85% of all lung cancer cases. Various genetic studies have tried to reveal the association of REV3L (Protein reversion less 3-like) gene mutations with cancer, including lung cancer but no such study has been carried out in the population of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K).Methods: The selected REV3L variants were genotyped using the TaqMan allele discrimination assay in 550 subjects (203 NSCLC patients and 347 healthy controls). The association of variants was evaluated by logistic regression.Results: Out of the four REV3L variants genotyped, we found rs1002481, rs462779, and rs465646 significantly associated with NSCLC risk with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 3.5 (1.98–6.3 at 95% CI ), p value = 0.00002; OR = 4.4 (1.8–10.4 at 95% CI ), p value = 0.00075; and OR = 2.4 (1.47–4.008 at 95% CI ), p value = 0.00053, respectively.Conclusion: Our data suggest a strong association of variants rs1002481, rs462779, rs465646 with NSCLC. This association is indicative of a potential role of mutations in the REV3L gene as risk factor for the development of NSCLC in the studied population. Although a first report from any Indian population, these variants have been previously reported to be associated with lung and colorectal cancers in different world populations. These data along with our data supports the notation that these variants can be used as potential prognostic biomarker.
Rac1 signaling regulates LPS-induced mouse mastitis via inhibition of NLRP3, NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Wang Chaoqun , Jiang Aimin , Jingjing Wang , Liu Xiao , Zhen Han , Zhengkai Wei , Yang Zhengtao
Published: July 2020

Background

Bovine mastitis characterized by mammary gland inflammatory responses, is the most frequent and costly diseases in dairy cattle. Researchers have been seeking effective treatments for this disease, but still not very successful. Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is implicated in various cellular functions, including apoptosis, ROS production and inflammatory responses, and presents an attractive therapeutic target for many diseases. However, the effects of Rac1 signaling on mastitis remain unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Rac1 signaling on mastitis via inhibition by Rac1 specific inhibitor NSC23766 based on a murine model of lipoplysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis.
Methods

Murine mastitis model was established by perfusion of LPS, hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) staining was employed to explore the mechanisms in mouse model, qRT- PCR analysis, Western blotting analysis.
Results

The results revealed that NSC23766 significantly decreased the damage of mammary gland by LPS, reduced myeloperoxidase activities, and the productions of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 gene expression in the mammary glands with LPS perfusion. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that NSC23766 inhibited the phosphoryation of p65, IκBα, ERK, and p38, and suppressed the expression of NLRP3.
Conclusion

These findings suggested that administration of NSC23766 prevented the development of mastitis by inhibiting NLRP3, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Accordingly, this study may provide research basis for the development of new drugs against mastitis, and NSC23766 might be a potential therapeutic drugs for mastitis.
Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is defined by a shift in the serum lipidome resulting in dysregulation of eicosanoid lipid immune mediators
Authors: Schwarz Benjamin , Sharma Lokesh , Roberts Lydia , Peng Xiaohua , Bermejo Santos , Leighton Ian , Casanovas-Massana Arnau , Farhadian Shelli , Ko Albert , Team Yale IMPACT , Cruz Charles Dela , Bosio Catharine
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected more than 10 million people worldwide with mortality exceeding3 half a million patients. Risk factors associated with severe disease and mortality include advanced age,4 hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.1 Clear mechanistic understanding of how these comorbidities5 converge to enable severe infection is lacking. Notably each of these risk factors pathologically disrupts6 the lipidome and this disruption may be a unifying feature of severe COVID-19.1-7 Here we provide the first in depth interrogation of lipidomic changes, including structural-lipids as well as the eicosanoids and docosanoids lipid mediators (LMs), that mark COVID-19 disease severity. Our data reveal that progression from moderate to severe disease is marked by a loss of specific immune regulatory LMs and increased pro-inflammatory species. Given the important immune regulatory role of LMs, these data provide mechanistic insight into the immune balance in COVID-19 and potential targets for therapy with currently approved pharmaceuticals.8
Hydrocortisone vs Tocilizumab Effects on Cytokine Storm in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.
Authors: Vargas Maria , Buonanno Pasquale , Iacovazzo Carmine , Spigna Gaetano Di , Spalletti Daniela , Savoia Marcella , Postiglione Loredana , Servillo Giuseppe
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Patients with severe pneumonia due COVID-19 are reported to have substantially lower lymphocyte counts and higher plasma concentrations of a number of inflammatory cytokines. In the late stages of COVID-19, cytokine storms are the mainly cause of disease progression and death. We performed a prospective observational study to evaluate the impact of tocilizumab and hydrocortisone on cytokine storm in critically ill patients with COVID-19.Methods: We included all adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection and severe respiratory failure admitted to our ICU from March 10 to April 30. As therapeutic options, patients received tocilizumab od hydrocortisone. The primary end point was the evaluation of cytokine storm in terms of variation of the IL-6 and IL-6R, sgp130 and TNF-α concentrations during time to different treatment.Results: Eight patients received tocilizumab while 15 patients received hydrocortisone. IL-6 levels were lower in the hydrocortisone group with statistical significance was found at the days 2, 3, 8 and 9. The levels of IL-6R were lower during the days in the hydrocortisone group with statistical significance at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10. Hydrocortisone group had higher levels of TNF-α at days 2, 3 and 4. The levels of sgo130 between tocilizumab and hydrocortisone groups were not statistically different during the days.Conclusions: In critically ill patients with severe COVID-19, the use of hydrocortisone allowed a better control of the cytokine storms, was further associated to less days of curarization, pronation and length of stay in ICU, and speed up the time to get negative RT-PCR swab.
Early Critical Care Transthoracic Echocardiography Improves The Mortality Of Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation: Observational Data From Two Large Databases
Authors: Yu Xueshu , Pan Xiaojun , Zhang Xianwei , Chen Zhiqiang , Pan Hao , Jiang Hao , Chen Wenjing , Pan Lingling , Fang Zhendong , Shu Jie , Hu Yufeng , Ye Yincai , Pan Jingye
Published: July 2020

Background: Critical care transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can quickly and accurately assess haemodynamic changes in ICU patients. However, it is not clear whether transthoracic echocardiography improves the prognosis of mechanically ventilated patients. In this study, we hypothesized that early critical care transthoracic echocardiography independently contributes to improvements in mortality in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU.Methods: This was a retrospective study based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database and the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). Patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours were selected. The exposure of interest was early TTE. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. We used propensity score matching to analyse the association between early TTE and in-hospital mortality and sensitivity analysis, including the inverse probability weighting model and covariate balancing propensity score model, to ensure the robustness of our findings.Results: A total of 8862 patients undergoing mechanical ventilation were enrolled. The adjusted OR showed a favourable effect between the early TTE group and in-hospital mortality [MIMIC: OR 0.77, 95% CI (0.63–0.94), (P=0.01); eICU-CRD: OR 0.78, 95% CI (0.68–0.89), (P<0.01) ]. Furthermore, TTE was also associated with 30-day mortality in the MIMIC database [OR 0.74, 95% CI (0.6-0.92), P=0.01].Conclusions: Early application of critical care transthoracic echocardiography during mechanical ventilation is beneficial for improving in-hospital mortality. Further investigation with prospectively collected data is required to validate this relationship.
Application of Nitrogen Shock Fracturing Technology on Coalbed Methane Well
Authors: Tian Qingling , Hao Chunsheng , Li Junjun , Wang Wei
Published: July 2020

Water sensitivity exists in reservoir during traditional hydraulic fracturing. Nitrogen shock fracturing was put forward to solve these problems. By suddenly pushing high-energied nitrogen into perforated casing ,This technology clears the near-wellbore way gas out. A set of down-hole tool string, together with the fracturing ground units and nitrogen shock fracturing project, form a nitrogen shock fracturing system. The on-site researches show that this kind of system can do the nitrogen shock fracturing as designed. It actually makes the gas production better. In the future researches, we are committed to improve this technology to suit for more geological condition .