bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Acceleration Matching According to the Sensor Performance in Shipboard Rapid Transfer Alignment
Authors: Ju Hojin , Cho Seong Yun , Park Chan Gook
Published: July 2019

In this study, the effect of acceleration matching according to sensor specifications in rapid transfer alignment is analysed. In general, the velocity and attitude information of the Master Inertial Navigation System (MINS) is used for transfer alignment. MINS angular velocity information is used to improve the alignment speed in shipboard transfer alignment. Acceleration matching, on the other hand, is generally considered an impractical option for transfer alignment. However, in the case of shipboard transfer alignment, acceleration matching is thought to be effective. In order to analyse the performance of acceleration matching, a performance index is defined and the efficiency of acceleration matching is analysed according to various sensor specifications and simulation environments. Based on the analysis of the estimated performance according to the simulation results, it is confirmed that acceleration matching in rapid transfer alignment is valid.
Digital Sensoriality: The Neolithic Figurines from Koutroulou Magoula, Greece
Authors: Papadopoulos Costas , Hamilakis Yannis , Kyparissi-Apostolika Nina , Díaz-Guardamino Marta
Published: July 2019

The image-based discourse on clay figurines that treated them as merely artistic representations, the meaning of which needs to be deciphered through various iconological methods, has been severely critiqued and challenged in the past decade. This discourse, however, has largely shaped the way that figurines are depicted in archaeological iterations and publications, and it is this corpus of images that has in turn shaped further thinking and discussion on figurines, especially since very few people are able to handle the original, three-dimensional, physical objects. Building on the changing intellectual climate in figurine studies, we propose here a framework that treats figurines as multi-sensorial, affective and dynamic objects, acting within distinctive, relational fields of sensoriality. Furthermore, we situate a range of digital, computational methods within this framework in an attempt to deprive them of their latent Cartesianism and mentalism, and we demonstrate how we have applied them to the study of Neolithic figurines from the site of Koutroulou Magoula in Greece. We argue that such methodologies, situated within an experiential framework, not only provide new means of understanding, interpretation and dissemination, but, most importantly, enable researchers and the public to explore the sensorial affordances and affective potential of things, in the past as well as in the present.
Prospective observational study to estimate set-up errors and optimise PTV margins in patients undergoing IMRT for head and neck cancers from a Government cancer centre of Eastern India
Authors: Biswas Priyanka , Lahiri Debarshi , Roy Sanjoy , Maji Tapas , Bhadra Kallol , Ray Dilip Kumar , Das Subhadip , De Palas , Mohanta Bijan Kumar
Published: July 2019

Background:

The head and neck cancers as a whole are the most common cancers among males in India. Technological advancements have led to an improvement in radiation therapy (RT) techniques with subsequent reduction in normal tissue complications. To correct patient set-up errors, an off-line correction method like no action level (NAL) protocol may be used as a preferred protocol particularly for a busy department. The objectives of the study were to measure the translational set-up errors using kV cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in patients undergoing intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in head and neck cancers and also to optimise clinical target volume (CTV) to planning target volume (PTV) margin using NAL protocol.

Material and methods:

On the first 5 days of RT, patient’s position was verified by kV-CBCT and then weekly during the course of treatment. The comparison between the reference and kV-CBCT images was performed, and the shifts measured and recorded. The mean error from the initial five consecutive fractions was corrected on the sixth daily fraction. Displacements in all the directions were measured. The population systematic and random errors were determined and used to estimate PTV margins according to the van Herk formula.

Results:

A total of 322 images were analysed. Before correction, 15, 12 and 9% patients had systematic error ≥3 mm on X, Y and Z axes, but after correction this was reduced to 9, 0 and 0%. The total percentage of patients whose set-up margin was ≥5 mm before correction was 5, 6·25, 3·75%, but after correction it reduced to 1·88, 0, and 0·63%. The margins of total population were reduced to 63, 65 and 56% after correction on X, Y and Z axes, respectively.

Conclusion:

A simple off-line NAL protocol can correct the set-up errors without daily on-line imaging in patients undergoing IMRT and hence acting as a resource sparing alternative. Five millimetre margin to CTVs was adequate and safe to overcome the problem of set-up errors in head and neck IMRT.
Wind‐Based Estimations of Ocean Surface Currents From Massive Clusters of Drifters in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Haza A. C. , Paldor N. , Özgökmen T. M. , Curcic M. , Chen S. S. , Jacobs G.
Published: July 2019

During the Lagrangian submesoscale experiment (LASER), 1,000 drifters were launched to sample the surface ocean flow in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Due to half a dozen strong winter storms, about 40% of the drifters lost their drogue. This unintended situation facilitated documentation of both near‐surface (5 cm) and deeper (60 cm) flows. These depths are relevant to transport of oil spills, as well as marine debris, such as microplastics, a rapidly growing environmental problem. Here, we improve the surface Lagrangian current prediction by combining a state‐of‐the‐art ocean forecast model with wind and wave data. The ocean surface velocities are obtained from the Navy Coordinate Ocean Model at 1‐km horizontal resolution, while the wind and wave fields are from the Unified Wave INterface Coupled Model coupled atmosphere‐wave‐ocean model. Two Lagrangian parameterizations are tested: one is based on Ekman dynamics, and the other directly on the surface winds. LASER data set is then used to assess the performance of these formulations, as a function of wind/wave conditions, as well as geographic region. It is found that incorporation of wind and wave data into the ocean circulation model can lead to major prediction improvement, by reducing the average 2‐day separation from the modeled and real LASER trajectories by a factor ranging from 1.4 to 4.9. This is a significant improvement for applications, where a rapid deployment of assets is needed, such as oil spill response, or other tracking problems.
Role of Calanus sinicus (Copepoda, Calanoida) on Dimethylsulfide and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Production in Jiaozhou Bay
Authors: Yu J. , Tian J.‐Y. , Zhang Z.‐Y. , Yang G.‐P. , Chen H.‐J. , Xu R. , Chen R.
Published: July 2019

The role of copepod Calanus sinicus on the production of dimethylsulfide (DMS)/dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in Jiaozhou Bay was evaluated in field measurements and laboratory experiments. Samples at 10 sites in the bay were collected monthly from June 2010 to May 2011 (except for March 2011), and zooplankton species composition was analyzed. Effects of C. sinicus grazing on DMS/DMSP production at different conditions (i.e., algal diets, food concentrations, and salinities) were assessed in the laboratory. Data from the field experiment showed that C. sinicus was the dominant copepod in Jiaozhou Bay (up to 123 individuals/m3 in May 2011) and preferred to graze on diatom. DMS and DMSP concentrations depend on not only phytoplankton abundance but also phytoplankton species and bacterial abundance. In the laboratory experiment, compared with Gymnodinium sp. or Emiliania huxleyi, C. sinicus feeding on Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros curvisetus exhibited increased DMS concentration, whereas high salinity inhibited DMS production. Copepod ingested 0.5%–35% of DMSP in filtered phytoplankton, and copepod DMSP ingestion turnover rate in Jiaozhou Bay was up to 29 pmol L−1 d−1. Although the microbial DMSP consumption rate was 10–2,620‐fold of copepod turnover rate, copepod grazing was still one of the important routes in DMSP loss processes through food chain. This study indicated that DMSP was transferred from phytoplankton to copepod body, fecal pellet, and seawater through copepod grazing. Our results provided important information to understand the biogeochemical cycle of DMSP in Jiaozhou Bay.
A Convenient Analytical Framework for Electromagnetic Scattering From Composite Targets
Authors: Fuscaldo W. , Di Simone A. , Millefiori L. M. , Iodice A. , Braca P. , Willett P. K.
Published: July 2019

This paper furnishes a convenient theoretical framework for the analytical evaluation of the bistatic scattering coefficients, under the Kirchhoff approximation (KA) in electromagnetics. Starting from the KA, specific results under the geometrical optics and physical optics approximations are furnished, along with the backscattering geometry. The main aim is to provide closed‐form expressions of the scattering matrix that are suited to scenarios where multiple‐bounce scattering comes into play and/or surfaces with arbitrary unit normal are present. This is accomplished by addressing the following objectives: (1) to provide an explicit formulation of the scattering matrix under KA in terms of the incident and scattered unit wave vectors, (2) to provide a more generic derivation of the scattering matrix under the physical optics approximation by relaxing typical hypotheses regarding the geometry of the scattering problem, and (3) to highlight some important symmetries of the scattering matrix under KA. It is shown that the scattering matrix under KA can conveniently be expressed in terms of few variables, thus greatly reducing the complexity of the theoretical derivation of the scattering matrix. Some benefits of the proposed formalism are illustrated in two application examples, where the problem is the analysis of the electromagnetic scattering from canonical composite targets. The canonical study cases demonstrate the evaluation of the scattering matrix in complex scenarios, such as maritime and urban environments, where multiple‐bounce contributions and/or contributions from tilted surfaces come into play. Finally, comparisons with literature results allow for validating the proposed derivation and assessing its validity limits in practical applications.
A Novel Atmospheric River Identification Algorithm
Authors: Pan Mengxin , Lu Mengqian
Published: July 2019

In recent years, climatology, variability, hydrological impact, and climatic drivers of atmospheric rivers (ARs) are widely explored based on various AR identification algorithms. Different algorithms, varying in their tracing variables, thresholds, and geometric metrics criteria, will introduce uncertainty in further study of AR. Herein, a novel AR identification algorithm is proposed to address some current limitations. A coupled quantile and Gaussian kernel smoothing technique is proposed to make a balance in capturing the spatiotemporal variation of integrated water vapor transport climatology and avoiding largely biased estimation. In spite of variety of AR shape, orientation, and curvature, more reliable AR metrics (e.g., length and width) can be calculated based on the generated smooth AR trajectory, which is realized by modifying and integrating the concepts of local regression and K‐nearest neighbors. An unprecedented and novel metric (i.e., turning angle series) is delivered to quantify AR curvature, serves as the key to distinguish tropical cyclone‐like features, which often indicate occurrences of tropical cyclones. It also bridges ARs to their associated atmospheric circulation patterns. A pilot application of the algorithm is presented to identify persistent AR events related to flood triggering extreme precipitation sequences in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB). A dominating AR route, which connects Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, South China Sea, to Southeast China and YRB, terminates in the North Pacific, is found principal to the flood triggering extreme precipitation sequences in the YRB. In addition, this algorithm is extensible to other regions, even global domain.
Changes to the Eos Scientist-Authored Submission Process
Authors: Goss Heather
Published: July 2019

By transitioning from manuscript to proposal submission, Eos will make it easier for scientists to share their critical work with our readers.
Interannual Variations in Lower Stratospheric Ozone During the Period 1984–2016
Authors: Lu Jinpeng , Xie Fei , Tian Wenshou , Li Jianping , Feng Wuhu , Chipperfield Martyn , Zhang Jiankai , Ma Xuan
Published: July 2019

In this work we investigate interannual variations in lower stratospheric ozone from 1984 to 2016 based on a satellite‐derived data set and simulations from a chemical transport model. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of ozone variations between 2000 and 2016 indicates that the first, second, and third EOF modes are related to the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO), canonical El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and ENSO Modoki events, respectively; these three leading EOFs capture nearly 80% of the variance. However, for the period 1984–2000, the first, second, and third modes are related to the QBO, ENSO Modoki, and canonical ENSO events, respectively. The explained variance of the second mode in relation to ENSO Modoki is nearly twice that of the third mode for canonical ENSO. Since the frequency of ENSO Modoki events was higher from 1984 to 2000 than after 2000, the Brewer‐Dobson circulation anomalies related to ENSO Modoki were stronger during 1984–2000, which caused ENSO Modoki events to have a greater effect on lower stratospheric ozone before 2000 than after. Ozone anomalies associated with QBO, ENSO Modoki, and canonical ENSO events are largely caused by dynamic processes, and the effect of chemical processes on ozone anomalies is opposite to that of dynamic processes. Ozone anomalies related to dynamic processes are 3–4 times greater than those related to chemical processes.
Incorporation of Heliospheric Imagery Into the CME Analysis Tool for Improvement of CME Forecasting
Authors: Wharton S. J. , Millward G. H. , Bingham S. , Henley E. M. , Gonzi S. , Jackson D. R.
Published: July 2019

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) cause the largest geomagnetic disturbances at Earth, which impact satellites, wired communication systems, and power grids. The CME Analysis Tool (CAT) is used to determine a CME's initial longitude, latitude, angular width, and radial speed from coronagraph images. These are the initial conditions for the Wang‐Sheeley‐Arge Enlil solar wind model, along with the ambient solar wind properties derived from magnetograms. However, the coronagraph imagery is limited by field of view. We have incorporated heliospheric imagery (HI) from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory into CAT to create the CME Analysis Tool with Heliospheric Imagery (CAT‐HI). These HI images have a larger field of view, allowing tracking of CMEs to greater distances from the Sun. We have compared the performances of CAT and CAT‐HI by examining the expected arrival times of CMEs at the L1 Lagrange point and found them to be consistent. However, CAT‐HI is advantageous because it could be used to prune ensemble forecasts and issue routine updates for CME arrival time forecasts. Finally, we discuss CAT‐HI in the context of an operational mission at the L4 or L5 Lagrange points.
Chiral domain walls of Mn3Sn and their memory
Authors: Li Xiaokang , Collignon Clément , Xu Liangcai , Zuo Huakun , Cavanna Antonella , Gennser Ulf , Mailly Dominique , Fauqué Benoît , Balents Leon , Zhu Zengwei , Behnia Kamran
Published: July 2019

Magnetic domain walls are topological solitons whose internal structure is set by competing energies which sculpt them. In common ferromagnets, domain walls are known to be of either Bloch or Néel types. Little is established in the case of Mn3Sn, a triangular antiferromagnet with a large room-temperature anomalous Hall effect, where domain nucleation is triggered by a well-defined threshold magnetic field. Here, we show that the domain walls of this system generate an additional contribution to the Hall conductivity tensor and a transverse magnetization. The former is an electric field lying in the same plane with the magnetic field and electric current and therefore a planar Hall effect. We demonstrate that in-plane rotation of spins inside the domain wall would explain both observations and the clockwise or anticlockwise chirality of the walls depends on the history of the field orientation and can be controlled.
Origin of ocean island basalts in the West African passive margin without mantle plume involvement
Authors: Belay Iyasu Getachew , Tanaka Ryoji , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Kobayashi Katsura , Nakamura Eizo
Published: July 2019

The geochemical variabilities in intraplate basalts (IB) from the West African passive margin (WAPM) region, have generally been employed to indicate the presence of recycled materials in an associated upwelling mantle plume. However, the absence of time-progressive linear hotspot tracks in WAPM-IB make it difficult to explain their genesis solely by the mantle plume hypothesis. Here, we show that the Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb isotopic variations in basalts from most of the WAPM-IB could have mainly attributed to the derivation from two types of fusible regions of the refertilized subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and the sub-lithospheric mantle. The locations and magma genesis of WAPM-IB are strongly related to the distance from the Mesozoic rift axis and the structure of the rifted SCLM. The melting of the source region can possibly be attributed to small-scale mantle convection at the base of the SCLM without the involvement of a mantle plume.
Proposal to test quantum wave-particle superposition on massive mechanical resonators
Authors: Qin Wei , Miranowicz Adam , Long Guilu , You J. Q. , Nori Franco
Published: July 2019

We present and analyze a proposal for a macroscopic quantum delayed-choice experiment with massive mechanical resonators. In our approach, the electronic spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy impurity is employed to control the coherent coupling between the mechanical modes of two carbon nanotubes. We demonstrate that a mechanical phonon can be in a coherent superposition of wave and particle, thus exhibiting both behaviors at the same time. We also discuss the mechanical noise tolerable in our proposal and predict a critical temperature below which the morphing between wave and particle states can be effectively observed in the presence of environment-induced fluctuations. Furthermore, we describe how to amplify single-phonon excitations of the mechanical-resonator superposition states to a macroscopic level, via squeezing the mechanical modes. This approach corresponds to the phase-covariant cloning. Therefore, our proposal can serve as a test of macroscopic quantum superpositions of massive objects even with large excitations. This work, which describes a fundamental test of the limits of quantum mechanics at the macroscopic scale, would have implications for quantum metrology and quantum information processing.
Repeated vaccination against matched H3N2 influenza virus gives less protection than single vaccination in ferrets
Authors: Music Nedzad , Tzeng Wen-Pin , Liaini Gross F. , Levine Min Z. , Xu Xiyan , Shieh Wun-Ju , Tumpey Terrence M. , Katz Jacqueline M. , York Ian A.
Published: July 2019

Epidemiological studies suggest that humans who receive repeated annual immunization with influenza vaccine are less well protected against influenza than those who receive vaccine in the current season only. To better understand potential mechanisms underlying these observations, we vaccinated influenza-naive ferrets either twice, 10 months apart (repeated vaccination group; RV), or once (current season only group; CS), using a prime-boost regimen, and then challenged the ferrets with A/Hong Kong/4801/2014(H3N2). Ferrets that received either vaccine regimen were protected against influenza disease and infection relative to naive unvaccinated ferrets, but the RV group shed more virus, especially at the peak of virus shedding 2 days post infection (p < 0.001) and regained weight more slowly (p < 0.05) than those in the CS group. Qualitative, rather than quantitative, differences in the antibody response may affect protection after repeated influenza vaccination.
Amphiphilic tri- and tetra-block co-polymers combining versatile functionality with facile assembly into cytocompatible nanoparticles
Authors: Vasey Catherine E. , Pearce Amanda K. , Sodano Federica , Cavanagh Robert , Abelha Thais , Cuzzucoli Crucitti Valentina , Anane-Adjei Akosua B. , Ashford Marianne , Gellert Paul , Taresco Vincenzo , Alexander Cameron
Published: July 2019

Control in ROP allows polymers to be synthesized with a wide range of architectures and self-assembly properties.
A coordinatively unsaturated iridium complex with an unsymmetrical redox-active ligand: (spectro)electrochemical and reactivity studies
Authors: Sobottka Sebastian , van der Meer Margarethe Behr , Glais Estelle , Albold Uta , Suhr Simon , Su Cheng-Yong , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: July 2019

Metal–ligand cooperativity can be used in iridium complexes with an unsymmetrically substituted redox-active diamidobenzene ligand for bond activation reactions.
Carbonization/oxidation-mediated synthesis of MOF-derived hollow nanocages of ZnO/N-doped carbon interwoven by carbon nanotubes for lithium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Moon Joon Hyung , Oh Min Jun , Nam Myeong Gyun , Lee Jun Hyuk , Min Gyu Duk , Park Juhyun , Kim Woo-Jae , Yoo Pil J.
Published: July 2019

Partial carbonization/oxidation-mediated treatment of ZIF-8 precursors generates hollow nanocages of ZnO/N-doped carbon for high performance lithium-ion battery anodes.
Characterization of bioactive compounds in commercial olive leaf extracts, and olive leaves and their infusions
Authors: Medina Eduardo , Romero Concepción , García Pedro , Brenes Manuel
Published: July 2019

A large spectrum of beneficial health properties has been attributed to olive leaves.
Electrodeposition of sulfur-engineered amorphous nickel hydroxides on MIL-53(Fe) nanosheets to accelerate the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wu Fang , Guo Xiaoxue , Hao Gazi , Hu Yubing , Jiang Wei
Published: July 2019

A novel Ni–S/MIL-53(Fe) catalyst fabricated via electrodepositing sulfur-engineered amorphous nickel hydroxides on MIL-53(Fe) nanosheets has been used as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for the OER.
Solid–liquid extraction of iodide and bromide from aqueous media by a new water-insoluble phenoxycalix[4]pyrrole-epichlorohydrin polymer
Authors: AlHaddad Nancy , Rifai Ahmad , Kasprowiak Amaury , Cazier-Dennin Francine , Danjou Pierre-Edouard
Published: July 2019

A phenoxycalix[4]pyrrole-epichlorohydrin based extractant was easily synthesized for the first time and used for iodide and bromide extraction from aqueous media.
Squaramide-catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reactions between 3-fluorooxindoles and pyrazolinone ketimines
Authors: Zhang Qing-Da , Zhao Bo-Liang , Li Bing-Yu , Du Da-Ming
Published: July 2019

Squaramide-catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction between 3-fluorooxindoles and pyrazolinone ketimines afforded fluorinated amino-pyrazolone-oxindoles with two quaternary stereocenters in good to excellent yields with excellent stereoselectivities.
Total synthesis of (+)-ar-macrocarpene
Authors: Khatua Arindam , Niyogi Sovan , Bisai Vishnumaya
Published: July 2019

First total synthesis of a naturally occurring sesquiterpenoid, (+)-ar-macrocarpene, has been achieved via a key [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement effecting reductive transposition through allylic diazene rearrangement (ADR).
Stereodynamical control of product branching in multi-channel barrierless hydrogen abstraction of CH3OH by F
Authors: Lu Dandan , Li Jun , Guo Hua
Published: July 2019

Comprehensive dynamical simulations of a prototypical multi-channel reaction on a globally accurate potential energy surface show that the non-statistical product branching is dictated by unique stereodynamics in the entrance channels.
Dynamics of individual Brownian rods in a microchannel flow
Authors: Zöttl Andreas , Klop Kira E. , Balin Andrew K. , Gao Yongxiang , Yeomans Julia M. , Aarts Dirk G. A. L.
Published: July 2019

Experiments and Brownian dynamics simulations reveal the influence of noise on microrods moving in Poiseuille flow.
Phase separation dynamics of gluten protein mixtures
Authors: Banc Amélie , Pincemaille Justine , Costanzo Salvatore , Chauveau Edouard , Appavou Marie-Sousai , Morel Marie-Hélène , Menut Paul , Ramos Laurence
Published: July 2019

We investigate by time-resolved synchrotron ultra-small X-ray scattering the dynamics of liquid–liquid phase-separation of gluten protein suspensions following a temperature quench and show that viscous and gel samples exhibit distinctive features.
Enabling non-flammable Li-metal batteries via electrolyte functionalization and interface engineering
Authors: Yu Jing , Lyu Yu-Qi , Liu Jiapeng , Effat Mohammed B. , Kwok Stephen C. T. , Wu Junxiong , Ciucci Francesco
Published: July 2019

A non-flammable CPE was developed and the assembled Li-metal batteries with an optimized interface deliver exceptional rate capability and stability.
Current Methods of Evaluating the Language Abilities of Multilingual Preschoolers: A Scoping Review Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health–Children and Youth Version
Authors: Wright Karem Rachel , Washington Karla N. , Crowe Kathryn , Jenkins Alyssa , Leon Michelle , Kokotek Leslie , Raisor-Becker Lesley , Westby Carol
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this scoping review was to identify current measures used to evaluate the language abilities of multilingual preschoolers within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health–Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY;
World Health Organization, 2007
).

Method

This review adhered to established models for conducting a comprehensive, iterative scoping review outlined by
Arksey and O'Malley (2005)
and
Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien (2010)
and included the following phases: (a) articulating the research question; (b) identifying relevant studies; (c) selecting studies; (d) charting the data; and (e) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. The ICF-CY was used to frame the identified measures (
World Health Organization, 2007
).

Results

Three hundred twenty-five peer-reviewed publications were identified and included in this review. The majority of publications used measures that evaluated the activity component of multilingual preschoolers' language (70%), with few evaluating participation (9%). Most identified measures (73%) assessed children's semantic language skills. We also observed that 88% of studies explicitly measured children's language input to interpret assessment results.

Conclusions

A variety of measures are currently used that address the activity component of the ICF-CY with a particular emphasis on semantics. There is, however, a dearth of measures examining language abilities for participation. The authors strongly recommend an increased focus on the development, use, and evaluation of measures that explicitly assess multilingual preschoolers' language participation, particularly in school-based settings.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8637206
Fully integrated fractional‐N phase‐locked loop for GNSS standards
Authors: Ghattan Kashani Zahra , Izadi Avanji Seyed Amin
Published: July 2019

This study presents the design of a fully integrated fractional‐N phase‐locked loop (FNPLL) for the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications. A new linearisation technique is presented for a charge pump (CP) circuit to improve the mismatch between the charging and discharging currents. The linearised currents help to reduce the static phase offset and the reference spurs of the FNPLL and the constant current helps to control the PLL dynamics precisely. The presented FNPLL is designed in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology. The simulation result reveals that the linearity of the CP is enhanced greatly when the technique is enabled and the current mismatch is <0.2 µA over the output voltage ranging from 0.2 to 1.65 V. The phase noise of the FNPLL at 10 and 100 KHz offset frequencies without the linearised CP are −85 and −90 dBc/Hz, respectively, and with the high linear CP are −90 and −97 dBc/Hz, respectively. The output power spectral density of the FNPLL shows that the power of the highest fractional spur is about −57 dBc. The lock time and the power consumption of the designed FNPLL are 50 µs and 11 mW from a 1.8 V power supply, respectively.
Low sidelobe waveform design with constant modulus constraint for high‐frequency radar
Authors: Shi Shengnan , Wang Zhaoyi , He Zishu , Cheng Ziyang
Published: July 2019

This article designs waveform in fast‐time domain to optimise high‐frequency radar performances embedded in the co‐channel interference and coloured noise. Considering the whitening filter is applied for fast‐time processing, a novel objective function accounting for both signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and integrated range sidelobe level (IRSL) is introduced and the constant modulus constraint is forced on the probing waveform. An iterative algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers is presented, resolving such non‐convex quartic optimisation problem with a polynomial‐time computational complexity. In each iteration, two quadratic problems are presented, with the closed‐form solutions given. Finally, the authors evaluate the effectiveness of the designed waveform in terms of the range‐Doppler processing result, SINR, IRSL and power spectrum.
Adaptive scale segmentation algorithm for polarimetric SAR image
Authors: Xu Yifan , Liu Aifang , Huang Long
Published: July 2019

Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) data can be characterised by scattering matrix, which contains four elements. It is difficult to merge all the elements of the scattering matrix for segmentation. On the other hand, a PolSAR image contains objects of various scales, so segmentation on a single scale may lead to over‐segmentation and under‐segmentation. To address these two problems, an adaptive scale segmentation algorithm for PolSAR image is proposed. First, extract a synthetic gradient image that contains scattering information of all polarisation channels. Second, to prevent the over‐segmentation of the watershed algorithm, extract the markers of the synthetic gradient image adaptively. Finally, combined with the result of PolSAR classification, the segmentation scales are adaptively selected for the segmentation of the synthetic gradient image. The results show that the proposed algorithm can not only accurately extract the segmentation boundaries of different objects but also overcome the over‐segmentation of large‐scale objects and under‐segmentation of small‐scale objects. Compared to fixed scale segmentation algorithms, the segmentation result of the proposed algorithm has the best quantitative index, that is, the lowest global heterogeneity evaluation index.
Search for water outgassing of (1) Ceres near perihelion
Authors: Rousselot P. , Opitom C. , Jehin E. , Hutsemékers D. , Manfroid J. , Villarreal M. N. , Li J.-Y. , Castillo-Rogez J. , Russell C. T. , Vernazza P. , Marsset M. , Roth L. , Dumas C. , Yang B. , Prettyman T. H. , Mousis O.
Published: July 2019

Context. (1) Ceres is the largest body in the main asteroid belt and one of the most intriguing objects in the solar system, in part because of the discovery of water outgassing by the Herschel Space Observatory (HSO) and its still-debated origin. Ceres was the target of NASA’s Dawn spacecraft for 3.5 yr, which achieved a detailed characterization of the dwarf planet. The possible influence of the local flux of solar energetic particles (SEP) on the production of a Cerean exosphere and water vapor has been suggested, in addition to the sublimation of water ice that depends on the temperature, meaning the heliocentric distance.

Aims. We used the opportunity of both the perihelion passage of (1) Ceres in April 2018, and the presence of Dawn in its vicinity (for measuring the SEP flux in real time) to check the influence of heliocentric distance and SEP flux on water outgassing.

Methods. We searched for OH emission lines near the limb of Ceres in the near-UV with the UVES spectrograph mounted on the 8-m ESO Very Large Telescope. Two spectra were recorded when Ceres was close to its perihelion, in February 2018, and with Dawn spacecraft orbiting Ceres. It was possible to simultaneously measure energetic particles around Ceres at the time of our observations.

Results. Our observations did not permit detection of OH emission lines to a very high sensitivity level. This level is estimated to correspond to a global water production rate of QH2O ∽ 2 × 1026 molecules s−1, similar to the water production rate derived from HSO observations. The solar energetic particles flux measured around Ceres was negligible at the time of these observations.

Conclusions. Our observations support the idea that heliocentric distance (i.e., the sublimation of water ice) does not play a major role in the water emission from Ceres. This production rate could be either related to SEP events or to other mechanisms, possibly of endogenic origin.
An optimal two-stage distribution of material flow at the fuel and energy complex enterprises
Authors: Blyuss Borys , Koriashkina Larysa , Us Svitlana , Minieiev Serhii , Dziuba Serhii
Published: July 2019

The two-stage distributing of material flows in the transport-logistics system of fuel and energy complex is considered. The structural elements of such system are mines (centers of the first stage), extracting coal from various mineral deposits in a certain area, and enterprises that consume or process coal (centers of the second stage). A presented method for solving this problem is based on elements of the theory of continuous linear problems of optimal set partitioning, duality theory, and methods for solving linear programming problems of transport type. The optimal solution of the two-stage location-allocation problem is obtained in an analytical form, which contains parameters that are the optimal solution of the auxiliary finite-dimensional optimization problem with a non-differentiable objective function. Therefore, the part of numerical algorithm is non-differentiable optimization method – modification of Shor’s r-algorithm. The results of computational experiments solving model problems confirm the correctness of the presented method and algorithm. It is demonstrated the synergistic effect obtained from formulation of continuous problems of optimal partitioning sets with additional constraints. It is showed, how important to take into account the multi-stage distributing of raw materials when it is necessary to locate new transport-logistics system objects in a given territory.
Heat exchange processes and productivity of carbon environment transformations of the water-plasma energy stream
Authors: Demchenko Serhii , Pihida Yevhen , Davydov Serhii
Published: July 2019

The analysis of the process of thermal transformations of carbon environment at high temperature (T = 2000 K) processing in a chamber of a plasma-jet reactor with the use of a water vaporizer as an oxidizer is done. The influence of heat exchange parameters on the heating of coal particles of different sizes is established. The method of mathematical modeling of the process of conversion of dispersed carbon raw materials in a stream of water plasma at a temperature in the reaction chamber Tg = 2000 - 5000 K was developed. The technique allows to determine the influence of thermal and kinetic parameters on the process of heat exchange between coal particle and a steam-plasma environment. A conversion time of a coal particle into a gaseous state is determined. It is the time that laid the foundation for calculating the main geometric and regime parameters of the reactor. The expediency of increasing the temperature of the gases in the reactor Tg = 3000 K is proved. This determines the minimum time for conversion of carbon under the combined influence of convective and radiation heat exchanges.
Reducing the energy consumption of the conveyor transport system of mining enterprises
Authors: Kiriia Ruslan , Shyrin Leonid
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the actual issue of reducing the energy consumption of the mining enterprises conveyor transport system. The analysis of energy loss by conveyor belt during transportation of bulk load is given. A comparative analysis of energy losses in the cases of regulation and non-regulation of the speed of the conveyor belt is given. It was found that when regulating the speed of conveyor belt in the case of reducing the value of the load flow entering to the conveyor by half the loss of electricity for the transportation of load is reduced by 30 % compared to the unregulated speed of the belt. The energy efficiency criterion of the conveyor transport system is determined, which coincides with the specific energy capacity equal to the ratio of the average energy capacity of the transportation of load to the transport system average carrying capacity. It has also been established that for conveyor transport systems conveyor– bunker–conveyor, taking into account the downtime of conveyor equipment while regulating the speed of conveyor, energy losses are reduced by 23 %. The research results can be used to create a computer control system for the operation of conveyor transport systems.
Geotechnological methods of gas extraction from technogenic coal deposits
Authors: Kliuiev Eduard , Sapunova Iryna , Ivanov Valerii
Published: July 2019

The article presents an analysis of modern geotechnological methods of gas extraction from coal technogenic deposits. Special attention was focused to surface methods complex resource development, which concentrated in filled rock dumps and sludge accumulators of coal-processing factories. The work describes physical-and-chemical methods of thermal impact on solid carbon-contained raw materials, which is considered as a binary mixture of coal and rock, in an oxygen-free medium or with the use of oxidants. The article presented the researches results of catalytic transformations taking place in the structure of a coal substance. Various versions of the use of catalysts in the processes of physical and chemical transformations of coal were proposed. The conducted researches allow to analyze the existing methods of impact on the mine medium identify the most perspective directions for the development of new methods in the field of geotechnological processes of gas extraction from coal technogenic deposits.
Mathematical modeling of belt and rigid conveyer’s drum contact with non-affect Coulomb friction
Authors: Larionov Hryhorii , Larionov Mykola , Pazynich Artem
Published: July 2019

Conveyor’s belt with the drum contact task is paid a great researcher attention. It had solved in stresses with the mix boundary condition and Coulomb friction low action applies. Obtained solutions, as usual, do not satisfy to the displacement on drum surface boundary condition. The attempt to solve the system of Lamb equations in cylindrical coordinates in condition h/R<<1 values where h the belt thin and R drums radius is done. The Prandtl‘s technique and substitution methods are used to analytical solution obtain. As a result, the displacement expressions for rest and slide drum arcs are obtained. In search of rest arc length, radial and peripheral displacement equalities are used. Applied rest arc efforts are equal in values and have an opposite direction. The equality means the fact that traction efforts do not transfer under rest drum arc. The obtained results are coincided with the ones obtained by Zhukovskiy N.E. for flexible thread model. The fact to simultaneously satisfy to boundary conditions on inner and outer belt sides have to do the conclusion for boundary belt seam existing. Expressions for rest drum arc length without applied friction law are obtained. The displacement and corresponding stresses graphics are demonstrated.
Analytical presentation of the separation of dense suspension for the extraction of amber
Authors: Nadutyi Volodymyr , Korniienko Valerii , Malanchuk Zinovii , Cholyshkina Olha
Published: July 2019

New devices were developed to increase the extraction of amber, especially with the size less than 5 mm, which can not be extracted at the present time. They are made on the basis of a hydraulic spiral classifier using vibration and bubbling with air bubbles. Analytical formulas are needed to calculate such devices, in first, for free motion of particles, then the constrained motion, and then to determine the effect of vibration and bubbling on the speed. This article discussed the first part of the problem – hydrodynamics of free movement of amber and quartz particles in a mixture of amber sand-clay rocks with water. The technique and formulas of calculation of kinematic viscosity and speed of movement are given. The dependences of the kinematic viscosity and the speed of free deposition of quartz and free ascent of amber on the density of the suspension for particles size less than 5 mm are obtained. The non-linear character of the dependence of the speed of ascent of amber from the density of the suspension is set. The results obtained are the basis for the calculation constructional parameters and technological characteristics of the hydraulic classifiers of new construction.
Features and regularity of zonal changes in the physicomechanical characteristics of Zakhidnyi Donbas rocks
Authors: Palamarchuk Tetiana , Prokhorets Liliia , Bobro Mykola , Trypolskyi Valerii
Published: July 2019

This article summarizes the results of numerous experimental studies of the physicomechanical properties of rocks from deposits of Zakhidnyi Donbas. The analysis of the obtained data allowed us to reveal the zonal nature of their change. Regularity has been established for increasing the strength parameters of rocks in the direction from west to east, the mechanism of which is explained, among other things, by the influence of Coriolis forces arising from the daily rotation of the Earth. It has been established that for more durable rocks, such as sandstone, the change in strength characteristics in the roof and floor is insignificant, whereas for weaker mudstones and siltstones, there is a significant difference in the above strength parameters. A generalization of the test results of Zakhidnyi Donbas rocks showed a large variation in their properties under the conditions of the achieved depth of the reservoir under development, which is due to the variability of the composition, structure, texture of the rocks and the degree of epigenetic transformations.
Thermodynamic analysis of the gas parameters distribution under leakage from a closed volume with rigid walls
Authors: Ponomarenko Serhii , Zhevzhyk Oleksandr , Vuginshteyn Alex , Lutai Oleksandr
Published: July 2019

The work deals with the thermodynamic analysis of the parameters of the gas in a closed volume with rigid walls, during its leakage and heat exchange with the environment. Based on the first law of thermodynamics, the law of Fick and the equation of the gas state, we obtained an equation that characterizes the effect of temperature gradient on the mass gas leakage in parallel processes of leakage and heat transfer. The regularity of the leakage coefficient change, determined by the diffusion coefficient, depending on the mass-average temperature in a closed thermodynamic system, is established. The variation of the leakage coefficient for the corresponding ranges of temperature gradients are shown. The research results can be implemented in the development of techniques and technologies for monitoring the tightness of hollow products under excessive pressure of the gas medium.
Determination of the critical rate of hydrotransport based on measurements in supercritical flow conditions
Authors: Semenenko Yevhen , Dziuba Serhii , Tatarko Larysa , Yakubovska Zinaida
Published: July 2019

The article solves the actual problem of determining the value of the critical rate of hydrotransport for a specific hydrotransport unit in terms of its operation in supercritical flow conditions, without violating the process regulations and the required freight traffic for processing. Based on the analysis and generalization of the known methods of calculating the parameters of hydrotransport, a methodical approach was proposed for determining the value of the critical rate of hydrotransportation according to the dependence of the hydraulic slope on the speed and concentration of the slurry. The efficiency of the developed methodology was proved based on the results of measurements of the parameters of the Vilnohirsk State Mining and Metallurgical Plant hydrotransport complex in supercritical conditions. The reliability of the developed technique is confirmed by the fact that the relative error in determining the critical rate of hydrotransport according to the methods improved by the author does not exceed 7 %, and in determining the hydraulic slope does not exceed 6 %, respectively.
Calculation of pressure loss and critical velocity for slurry flows with additive agents in vertical polyethylene pipelines
Authors: Semenenko Yevhen , Kril Stepan , Medvedieva Olha , Nykyforova Nina , Tatarko Larysa
Published: July 2019

The method of determination of parameters of hydrotransport of solid polydisperse materials in vertical pipelines is offered. The reasons of discrepancy between estimated and observed data when using A. Smoldyrev’s method for calculation of hydraulic gradient and critical velocity in vertical steel pipelines are analysed. Particularly non-applicability of Velicanov principle to hydrotransport of solid materials in vertical pipelines is proved and contribution of particles fall velocity to the value of complementary hydraulic gradient in vertical pipelines is estimated. Suggested formulas for calculation of hydraulic gradient and critical velocity in vertical pipelines are multipurpose because they may be used for calculation of hydrotransport parameters in steel and polymeric vertical pipelines with using of friction reducing agents and without it. The method for parameters calculation of solid materials hydrotransport in vertical polymeric pipelines is first offered. Elaborated formulas ensure also increasing of accuracy of calculations.
Vibrational feeders with vibro-impact adaptive drive
Authors: Shevchenko Heorhii , Shevchenko Volodymyr , Pukhalskyi Viktor
Published: July 2019

The object of research is vibrational feeders with vibro-impact adaptive drive, the characteristic feature of which is the multifrequency excitation and self-adjusting of the oscillations parameters, including the frequency spectrum, to change the mass of the technological load. The basis of the problem solution is the excitation of vibro-impact oscillations of the working body (tray) of the feeder, at which in its vibration drive the resonant frequency oscillations are realized, the intensity and frequency spectrum of which increase with increasing the technological load on the feeder tray, which distinguishes such vibrators from those used in typical feeders. Vibro-impact systems with such vibro-excitement with parameters and dynamic loading, identical with analogues, have, depending on their purpose, from 3 to 8 times less power consumption, and from 3 to 5 times increase in the intensity of oscillations. At the same time, due to polyfrequency excitation, the mobility of the technological medium that is being processed is improved, which is especially important for the control of freezing and adhesion of materials in the bunkers, or in the pillar of the reflacted rock mass during its output by the vibrating feeders from the chambers of the wining blocks at the underground mining of minerals.