bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DELETIONAL POLYMORPHISM OF GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE T1 AND M1 GENES IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Nevzorova V. A. , Panchenko E. A. , Isaeva M. P.
Published: November 2015

Aim. To study associations of deletional polymorphism of genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 with myocardial infarction (MI) development on the background of metabolic syndrome (MS).

Material and methods. Totally 86 patients with STEMI were included (from those 45 had signs of MS) and 30 healthy persons as control. By polymerase chain reaction the data on deletional polymorphism was obtained on the genes coding glutathiontransferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 in both groups.

Results. The significant increase of prevalence of genotype GSTT10/0 is ascertained in patients with MI and without MS; presence of the “null” genotype increases relative risk of infarction in both patients with and without MS. In the first group (without MS) presence of genotype GSTT10/0 leads to increase of MI risk irrespective of smoking status, though in MS patients — only in those who smokes.

Conclusion. Diagnostic of homozygous deletional mutation GSTT1 can be used for individual prognosis of MI risk in patients with MI risk factors — smoking and MS.
PREINFARCTION ANGINA AS A CLINICAL FORM OF THE ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING PHENOMENON
Authors: Lykasova E. A. , Todosiychuk V. V. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Yurkina Y. A.
Published: November 2015

Brief episodes of myocardial ischemia initiate a cascade of endogenous mechanisms which protect the heart during further ischemic attack. This phenomenon is called an ischemic preconditioning. Preinfarction angina is a clinical model of this phenomenon. Clinical studies have demonstrated that preinfarction angina is associated with: lower incidence of cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, reduced infarct size, less severe left ventricular dysfunction, better results of thrombolytic therapy, less severe myocardial reperfusion injury, better hospital and long-term prognosis. There is evidence that elderly age, presence of diabetes mellitus, left ventricular hypertrophy and hypercholesterolemia do reduce the cardioprotective effect of preinfarction angina. Preinfarction angina may be an additional criterion of risk stratification in myocardial infarction patients. This review summarizes data from the literature on the most important aspects of preinfarction angina.
THE ROLE OF OBSERVATIONAL POPULATION STUDIES (REGISTERS) IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR CARE
Authors: Mazur N. A.
Published: November 2015

The article provides general requirements to the organization of investigation by a register type, what kind of results can be obtained, their relevance for evaluation of care at all levels (pre-hospital, hospital, rehabilitational) of medical care. Existence of the one harmonized program makes possible to compare data from different regions and to evaluate in dynamic the results of interventions. Also the actions to improve pre-hospital urgent care are summarized, which are now being taken in various countries.
ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AMONG INDIVIDUALS OF 25–64 YEARS OLD: PREVALENCE, AWARENESS, TREATMENT AND CONTROL. BY THE DATA FROM ECCD
Authors: Boytsov S. A. , Balanova Yu. A. , Shalnova S. A. , Deev A. D. , Artamonova G. V. , Gatagonova T. M. , Duplyakov D. V. , Efanov A. Yu. , Zhernakova Yu. V. , Konradi A. O. , Libis R. A. , Minakov A. V. , Nedogoda S. V. , Oshchepkova E. V. , Romanchuk S. A. , Rotar O. P. , Trubacheva I. A. , Chazova I. E. , Shlyakhto E. V. , Muromtseva G. A. , Evstifeeva S. E. , Kapustina A. V. , Konstantinov V. V. , Oganov R. G. , Mamedov M. N. , Baranova E. I. , Nazarova O. A. , Shutemova O. A. , Furmenko G. I. , Babenko N. I. , Azarin O. G. , Bondartsov L. V. , Khvostikova A. E. , Ledyaeva A. A. , Chumachek E. V. , Isaeva E. N. , Basyrova I. R. , Kondratenko V. Yu. , Lopina E. A. , Safonova D. V. , Skripchenko A. E. , Indukaeva E. V. , Cherkass N. V. , Maksimov S. A. , Danilchenko Ya. V. , Mulerova T. A. , Shalaev S. V. , Medvedeva I. V. , Shava V. G. , Storozhok M. A. , Tolparov G. V. , Astakhova Z. T. , Toguzova Z. A. , Kaveshnikov V. S. , Karpov R. S. , Serebryakova V. N.
Published: November 2015

Aim. To study prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH), mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), awareness of patients about their disease, medication consumption (MC) and efficacy of treatment in several regions of Russia.

Material and methods. Representative selections were made in 9 regions of Russia: men (n=5563), women (n=9737) of 25–64 y.o., studied in 2012–2013 with the response 80%. Systematic stratified multilevel random selection was formed with localilty criteria (Kisch method). The Questionnaire on the presence of AH included: awareness of the patient about his disease, drug intake. BP measurement was performed on the right arm by automatic tonometer Omron in sitting position after 5 minutes resting. The mean value of two measurements was used. BP defined as SBP ≥140 mmHg, DBP ≥90 mmHg, or if the patient had taken antihypertensive therapy. Efficacy of treatment — the part of patients (in %) who reached target BP. Control group — part of patients (in %) with BP <140/90 mmHg. Statistic data calculation was done with computer-based statistic software — SAS with standardising by age stratification of Europe.

Results. Mean SBP and DBP were 130,7±0,1 mmHg and 81,6±0,1 mmHg respectively. Prevalence of AH — 44%, higher in men (p<0,001). Prevalence of AH was higher in rural area citizens in men — 51,8% vs 47,5% (р<0,02) and in women — 42,9% vs 40,2% (р<0,05). Awareness was 67,5% in men, 78,9% in women. Medications were taken by 60,9% of women and 39,5% of men. Effectively treated were 53,5% of women and 41,4% of men. With the age the part of effectively treated decreases (p<0,0005). BP is under control only in 1/3 of women and 14,4% of men.

Conclusion. The role of AH as one of the main modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases is proved, however it is depressing that the percent of controlled AH is low. BP control is the main task of outpatient surveillance at every local outpatient department, where now less than a half of those affected are being observed.
CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE TREATMENT
Authors: Matskeplishvili S. T. , Arutyunova S. Ya.
Published: November 2015

Transcutaneous interventions (PCI) are in growing usage as a method to revascularize myocardium in coronary heart disease. Double antiplatelet therapy, including acetylsalicylic acid clopidogrel, is now routinely prescribed for CHD patients preparing to undergo coronary intervention to prevent thrombosis. Reaching the maximum advantage in double antiplatelet therapy with control of platelet function after PCI may have additional value in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality prevention.
THE QUALITY OF TREATMENT EVALUATION IN REGISTRIES FOR ACUTE CEREBRAL CIRCULATION DISORDERS. FOREIGN EXPERIENCE, RUSSIAN PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Suvorov A. Yu. , Martsevich S. Yu. , Kutishenko N. P.
Published: November 2015

In the review the most prominent foreign registries of stroke are explored, those concern the evaluation of the treatment, and several Russian registries. The importance of treatment evaluation is discussed, and better and worse sides of the evaluating systems are estimated as their possibility to be used it Russia.
PRAVASTATIN IN CORRECTION OF VESSEL WALL ANTIPLATELET CONTROL OVER THE BLOOD CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND DYSLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Medvedev I. N. , Skoryatina I.A I. A.
Published: November 2015

Aim. To evaluate in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and dyslipidemia (DL) a grade of correction influence of pravastatin on antiaggregation activity of vessel wall for erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes.

Material and methods. Totally 47 patients observed with 1-2 levels of AH and the risk 3, with DL IIb type, middle age. Controls were 26 healthy people of the same age. To correct DL all patients were prescribed pravastatin 20 mg before night sleep with already being taken enalapril 10 mg BID. Chemistry, blood count and statistics used. Evaluation of clinical and laboratory parameters was performed in the beginning of treatment, in 4, 12 and 52 weeks.

Results. An enforced in AH with DLP erythrocyte, platelet neutrophil aggregation was linked with a control decrease over it by vessel wall and as result of lipid metabolism changes, peroxide oxydation of plasma lipids, lowering of NO generation and of prostacycline as well. After 52-week use of pravastatine in AH with DLP there was significantly better in lipid profile and there was weakening of peroxidation of lipids in plasma, that followed by significant positive dynamics of antiplatelet properties of vessel wall.

Conclusion. In AH patients with DLP there is weakening of antiplatlet control by vessels over blood cells, which becomes slightly improved after 52-week pravastatine treatment.
HIGH RISK STRATEGY EFFICACY IN PROGNOSIS OF PRIMARY ONSET OF ISCHEMIC HEART
Authors: Skopets I. S. , Vesikova N. N. , Bershtein L. L.
Published: November 2015

High morbidity and mortality from ischemic heart disease (CHD) in RF presupposes the significance of individual prognosis of cardiovascular risk and of primary prevention.

Aim.To analyze the level of risk that could be calculated in patients with CHD debut just before the manifest of the disease and therefore to evaluate the opportunities for the CHD debut by standard scores; to evaluate the relation of a real volume of primary prevention events to current Guidelines.

Material and methods.In 122 patients hospitalized with CHD debut as an acute coronary syndrome, a retrospective cardiovascular risk evaluation, which could be found just before the onset of the disease.

Results.The prevalence of traditional risk factors among persons with CHD onset was high: 88% patients had ≥3 risk factors. However, before the onset of acute coronary syndrome 68% patients at Framingham scale and 47% by SCORE could have been under the low and moderate calculated risk that shows low sensitivity for the real CHD risk. Calculated risk by the scores has not correlated with the severity of coronary vessels lesion. In analysis of primary prevention events in was found that in the studied group drug therapy of dyslipidemia was not being performed as primary prevention, though it is indicated by the standards for at least 82% patients.

Conclusion.The data shows that the use of the main risk scores underestimates real chance of CHD development in the exact patient. Also even for the patients, who require statin prescription for the aim of primary prevention, this therapy is not prescribed.
Intra- and inter-annual changes in the condition factors of three Curimatidae detritivores from Amazonian floodplain lakes
Authors: Correia Gisele Batista , Siqueira-Souza Flávia Kelly , Freitas Carlos Edwar de Carvalho
Published: November 2015

The flood pulse is a key factor that drives the biota of large rivers with adjacent floodplains, but the direction and intensity of its effects are not uniform for all trophic guilds of fish. In this study, we tested the existence of intra- and inter-annual changes in the relative condition factors (kn) of three Curimatidae: Potamorhina altamazonica, Potamorhina latior, and Psectrogaster rutiloides. We used weight and length data from fish that were caught in eight floodplain lakes of the Rio Solimões. These data were from experimental fisheries during each season of the hydrological cycle: flooding, flood, drying, and dry from 2004, 2005, and 2006. In general, there are similar patterns of intra-annual changes for these three species, with the highest estimates of kn during high water conditions. The lowest values were observed during the drying and dry seasons of 2005, when an extreme drought occurred in the Amazon basin. Higher values were observed during the same seasons in the year post-drought. We hypothesized that these patterns would be explained by the biological characteristics of these species and the effects of intra-annual hydrological changes, mainly the flood pulse effect, and by inter-annual climatic events, which are determined by global climate phenomena.
Clinical aspects in the treatment planning for rehabilitation with overdenture and protocol-type prosthesis
Authors: ALMEIDA Híttalo Carlos Rodrigues de , SANTANA Ellane Talita Silvano de , SANTOS Nikácio Adnner Tavares dos , MORAES Patrícia Karla Macedo de , ARAÚJO Yasmin Rafaelle Furtado de , GERBI Marleny Elizabeth Marquez de Martinez
Published: November 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to criticaly review the published literature regarding the clinical aspects involved in the rehabilitation of edentulous patients using Branemark protocol and overdenture prostheses. Methods: An active search was conducted in the LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed, and SciELO databases using the descriptors: "Coating for dentures" (Overlay Prosthesis and Overdenture) and "Implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis" (Protesis dental de suporte implantado, Dental prosthesis, and Implant Supported Prosthesis) in Portuguese, English, and Spanish between January 2000 and October 2014. Results: The following parameters should be considered when selecting between Branemark protocol and overdenture prostheses: bone support, lip support, lip-line, upper lip length, oral mucosa conditions and size, alveolar ridge contour, crown-bone ratio, interarch space, and speaking space. Overdenture rehabilitation can provide many benefits to patients, such as prosthetic retention, stability, comfort, and improved aesthetics. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for a thorough individualized treatment planning to ensure that fixed prostheses and overdentures have an excellent prognosis when used appropriately in suitable patients at the appropriate time.
Knowledge, risk perception and attitudes of Dentistry students with regard to HIV/AIDS
Authors: MAGALHÃES Verena Carvalho Sampaio de , OLIVEIRA Danillo Lyrio de , PRADO Fabio Ornellas
Published: November 2015

Objective: To assess the knowledge, perception of risk and attitudes of Dentistry students regarding HIV/AIDS. Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was performed by applying a questionnaire containing 33 objective questions to students enrolled in the Dentistry course at Southwest Bahia State University, between the second and final years. Results: The response rate was 74%, with an average overall score of 64.1% for the knowledge variable, considered to be good. The average overall score for risk perception was 61.7% (considered inadequate), borne out by a significant rate of accidents involving sharps (25%). An average overall score of 54.3% revealed negative attitudes, showing that some students feel apprehensive and unprepared to treat HIV+ patients. Conclusion: In view of the fact that the attitude and risk perception variables studied showed results that fall short of expectations, even with a knowledge variable considered to be good, a greater articulation between theory and practice is suggested.
Acrylic resin disinfection by peracetic acid and microwave energy
Authors: FORTES Carmen Beatriz Borges , LEITUNE Vicente Castelo Branco , COLLARES Fabrício Mezzomo , DORNELLES JUNIOR Nélio Bairros , RODRIGUES Stéfani Becker , SAMUEL Susana Werner , PETZHOLD Cesar Liberato , STEFANI Valter
Published: November 2015

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfection methods in microwave and immersion in peracetic acid in heat-cured, self-cured and microwave-cured acrylic resin, contaminated with Candida albicans. Methods: Five specimens were prepared for each type of acrylic resin. All were infected with Candida Albicans, incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The group which underwent microwave energy was irradiated with a power of 840W for 1 minute and the other group underwent disinfection by soaking of 0.2% peracetic acid for 5 minutes. Results: All samples proved to be contaminated after the incubation period. After the different processes of disinfection, both immersion in 0.2% peracetic acid as microwave irradiation were effective in disinfection of the 3 types of acrylic resins contaminated by Candida Albicans. Conclusion: Concluded that soaking in 0,2% peracetic acid for 5 minutes with microwave irradiation power 840W for 1 minute are effective methods for disinfecting heat-cured acrylic resin, self-cured acrylic resin and microwave-cured acrylic resin, contaminated with Candida Albicans.
Gagueira desenvolvimental persistente familial: disfluências e prevalência
Authors: Nogueira Paula Roberta , Oliveira Cristiane Moço Canhetti de , Giacheti Célia Maria , Moretti-Ferreira Danilo
Published: November 2015

Resumo: OBJETIVO: caracterizar e comparar a frequência das disfluências da fala de adultos com gagueira desenvolvimental persistente familial do sexo masculino e feminino, a severidade do distúrbio e determinar a prevalência familial e a razão entre gêneros da gagueira nos familiares dos probandos. MÉTODOS: participaram 30 adultos com gagueira (18 a 53 anos), divididos em dois grupos, sendo 20 do sexo masculino e 10 do sexo feminino. Os procedimentos realizados foram: história clínica e familial, avaliação da fluência e Instrumento de Severidade da Gagueira. RESULTADOS: as porcentagens de disfluências típicas da gagueira (p=0,352), de outras disfluências (p=0,947) e do total das disfluências (p=0,522) foram semelhantes entre os grupos masculino e feminino. A média de disfluências típicas da gagueira foi 5,23% e de outras disfluências 5,50%. O subtipo leve foi manifestado pela maioria dos participantes (83,3%). Os familiares do gênero masculino apresentaram maior risco de apresentar gagueira (p<0,001). Do total de 1002 familiares, 85 apresentaram gagueira. No total de familiares afetados (n=85), 53 eram do sexo masculino e 32 do feminino. CONCLUSÃO: não houve diferenças entre os grupos masculino e feminino nas medidas analisadas. Quanto à frequência das disfluências, aproximadamente metade do total das disfluências foi caracterizada como disfluências típicas da gagueira. O subtipo de gagueira desenvolvimental persistente familial foi caracterizado principalmente por um distúrbio classificado quanto à severidade como leve. O risco dos familiares dos probandos afetados foi de 8,5%. A gagueira afetou mais pessoas do gênero masculino em relação ao feminino, numa proporção de 3,72:1.
Padrão de atividade elétrica dos músculos mastigatórios em crianças obesas e eutróficas
Authors: Favero Talita Cristina , Silva Ana Maria Toniolo da , Haeffner Leris Bonfanti , Busanello-Stella Angela Ruviaro , Correa Eliane
Published: November 2015

Resumo: OBJETIVO: comparar o padrão de atividade elétrica dos músculos mastigatórios de crianças obesas e eutróficas durante os períodos de ativação (on) e inativação (off) muscular por meio da eletromiografia de superfície. MÉTODOS: foram avaliadas 32 crianças, entre 6 e 12 anos de idade, divididas em dois grupos iguais - 16 obesas e 16 eutróficas. As variáveis estudadas incluíram a atividade eletromiográfica da musculatura mastigatória (músculo temporal anterior, masseter e orbicular da boca) durante as atividades de repouso, contração voluntária máxima, mastigação (habitual e direcionada) e deglutição. Para a análise estatística calculou-se a mediana, primeiro e terceiro quartis e utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon, considerando nível de significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: os obesos apresentaram semelhanças de ativação muscular em relação aos eutróficos durante as atividades de contração voluntária máxima e repouso. Porém, para as atividades dinâmicas - mastigação habitual, mastigação direcionada e deglutição - os obesos apresentaram medianas de ativação muscular inferiores aos eutróficosna maioria das situações propostas, tanto no período de ativação (on) quanto no período de inativação (off), com diferença estatística significante (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: crianças obesas, provavelmente em função do excesso de adiposidade facial, apresentam alterações no condicionamento da musculatura mastigatória, que se refletem durante a realização das funções do sistema estomatognático.
Refluxo gastroesofágico e deglutição em recém nascidos e lactentes: revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Puccini Flávia Rebelo Silva , Berretin-Felix Giédre
Published: November 2015

Resumo: O refluxo gastroesofágico é encontrado em 25% dos bebês e pode acarretar vários prejuízos para o desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura buscando verificar se há publicações relacionando alterações da deglutição com o quadro de refluxo gastroesofágico em recém-nascidos e lactentes. A pesquisa foi realizada consultando os sites da Bireme e da PubMed. Os unitermos utilizados foram refluxo gastroesofágico, recém-nascido e lactente, em português e os correspondentes em inglês. Os descritores foram utilizados pareados, pois isolados abrangia muitos textos com temáticas diferentes da de interesse. Os trabalhos selecionados foram dos últimos dez anos. Não houve limite de tempo. De 1184 artigos da Bireme e 1600 da PubMed analisados a partir da aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, restaram 23 artigos, sendo a maioria voltada aos sinais, sintomas e diagnóstico do RGE. Dois artigos abordaram o RGE e a deglutição, demonstrando que pode haver ou não relação entre RGE e disfagia orofaríngea em recém nascidos e lactentes, sendo que a escassez de pesquisas com essa temática demonstrou a necessidade de novos estudos abordando os aspectos patofisiológicos envolvidos.
Avaliação da consciência fonológica na síndrome de Williams
Authors: Segin Miriam , Dias Natália Martins , Seabra Alessandra Gotuzo , Teixeira Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz , Carreiro Luiz Renato Rodrigues
Published: November 2015

Resumo: OBJETIVOS: avaliar o desempenho de crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Williams em tarefas de consciência fonológica e analisar esse desempenho em função da idade, escolaridade e indicadores de habilidade intelectual. MÉTODOS: vinte e duas crianças e adolescentes (11 meninos e 11 meninas) com idades entre 7 e 18 anos realizaram os subtestes cubos e vocabulário das Escala Wechsler de Inteligência para estimativa de habilidades intelectuais e responderam a Prova de Consciência Fonológica por produção oral. RESULTADOS: os participantes obtiveram valores do quociente de inteligência estimado compatível com rebaixamento intelectual. Nas habilidades de consciência fonológica os resultados mostraram que os participantes com a síndrome obtiveram desempenho rebaixado em nove dos dez subtestes da prova de consciência fonológica em relação à pontuação padronizada em função da idade, assim como do nível escolar. Não foram encontradas correlações significantes entre consciência fonológica, indicadores de habilidade intelectual, idade e escolaridade. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados corroboram os encontrados em pesquisas internacionais sugerindo rebaixamento em consciência fonológica na Síndrome de Williams. Dada a relevância desses achados é necessário incluir programas de estimulação contínua, inclusive com intervenções precoces dirigidas a crianças com Síndrome de Williams em idade pré-escolar, adequação de métodos de ensino e de currículo adaptado.
Características sensoriais, físicas e químicas e aceitação de arroz irrigado ou de terras altas
Authors: Pagnan Melissa Ferrari , Bassinello Priscila Zaczuk , Prudencio Sandra Helena
Published: November 2015

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar química, física e sensorialmente três genótipos de arroz polido de cultivo irrigado e cinco de terras altas. Determinaram-se: a composição centesimal, o amido, a amilose, a temperatura de gelatinização (Tg), a absorção de água ao cozimento, a cor, a textura instrumental, o perfil sensorial e a aceitação de atributos. A composição centesimal e o teor de amido variaram entre os genótipos. O 'Moti' e a linhagem N2583 foram classificados como cerosos, 'Douradão' apresentou amilose muito baixa, e os demais genótipos, amilose baixa. 'Irga 417', 'Moti' e AB101002 apresentaram Tg baixa; 'Douradão', alta; e os demais, intermediária. O 'Moti' e a linhagem N2583 crus apresentaram os maiores valores de L*; no entanto, após o cozimento, esses valores diminuíram e foram idênticos em todos os genótipos. 'Arroz-da-terra' apresentou maior a*, 'BRS Primavera' e N2583 apresentaram maior b*; e após o cozimento, houve redução desses valores. Na análise sensorial, destacaram-se 'AN Cambará', por pontos escuros e formato alongado; AB101002, 'Irga 417' e 'BRS Primavera', pela firmeza, cor branca e grãos soltos, que foram bem aceitos; e o 'Moti', por ser pegajoso, macio e com brilho, foi o menos aceito. Os atributos sensoriais do arroz são mais associados a características químicas, intrínsecas ao genótipo, do que à atribuição de plantio a terras altas ou irrigadas.
Calculation of vector components: A tutorial worksheet to help students develop a conceptual framework
Authors: Barniol Pablo , Zavala Genaro
Published: November 2015

When we administered our Test of Understanding of Vectors (TUV) to students who were finishing a physics university remedial course (that covers subjects of a traditional high school physics course), we observed that they have considerable difficulties in calculating the x-component of a vector when the angle given is measured from the y-axis to the vector. As a result of this finding, we decided to design a tutorial worksheet that guides students through the development of a conceptual framework in this subject. The worksheet was implemented with 264 students of the same course in another semester. Upon using the TUV to evaluate the students’ understanding, we confirmed that the tutorial worksheet had facilitated their learning. This tutorial worksheet is presented in the appendix and might be used by other physics instructors who teach this material in high schools, colleges or universities.
Formalismo óptico matricial e aplicações
Authors: Callegari F.A. , Freschi A.A.
Published: November 2015

O formalismo óptico matricial é desenvolvido a partir da aplicação da lei de Snell para descrever a refração de raios óticos numa superfície esférica. A seguir, dito formalismo é aplicado para achar e justificar parâmetros típicos e expressões como distância focal, condição de imagem e aumento lateral para o caso de uma lente esférica fina imersa em ar. Além disso, é estudado o caso de uma lente esférica fina imersa em dois meios ópticos com índices de refração diferentes e encontrados os parâmetros e expressões correspondentes para este caso.
Evaluation of a method based on image analysis to obtain shape parameters in crushed sand grains
Authors: Goldoni A. G. , Pandolfo L. M. , Gomes A. P. , Folle D. , Martins M. S. , Pandolfo A.
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe objective of this paper is to evaluate a method based on image analysis to obtain shape parameters in crushed sand grains. There is no consensus about standards and rules for testing aggregates, the lack of methodology to prepare and conduct tests may produce incorrect results, which do not satisfactorily represent the aggregate characteristics. One way to perform these analyzes is the use of images obtained with magnifying glasses or similar equipment. To contribute to this, three experiments were prepared with samples of crushed sand from the city of Passo Fundo. The fixed and evaluated parameters were: samples preparation, zoom used for image acquisition and number of grains representative of the shape parameters. The results were statistically analyzed and significant differences were obtained to the shape factor regarding the fixed parameters, except for the number of grains needed to characterize it, which differs from the currently literature used by academic studies. According to this work it is possible to realize that it is necessary to standardize the tests for shape analysis to eliminate errors generated by the interpretation of incorrect results, which may have been generated by changes in the methodology for conducting the tests.
Geometric characterization of polymeric macrofibers
Authors: Cáceres A. R. E. , Galobardes I. , Rebmann M. S. , Monte R. , Figueiredo A. D. de
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe geometric characteristics of synthetic macrofibers are important because they affect the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC). Because there is a lack of specific, relevant publications in Brazil, the European standard EN14889-2:2006 was adopted as a reference to perform the characterization. Thus, an experimental plan was developed to assess the adequacy of testing procedures for the qualification of synthetic macrofibers for use in FRC. Two types of macrofibers were evaluated. The length measurement was performed using two methods: the caliper method, which is a manual measurement, and the digital image analysis method using the ImageJ software for image processing. These aforementioned methods were used to determine the diameter together with the density method, which is an indirect method that uses the developed length obtained by one of the previous methods. The statistical analyses revealed that the length results are similar regardless of the method used. However, the macrofibers must be pre-stretched to maximize the accuracy of caliper measurements. The caliper method for diameter determination has the disadvantage of underestimating the macrofiber cross-section because of the pressure applied by the load claws. In contrast, the digital image analysis method obtains the projected diameter in a single plane, which overestimate the diameter because the macrofibers are oriented with the pressure of the scanner cover. Thus, these techniques may result in false projections of the diameters that will depend on the level of torsion in the macrofibers. It was concluded that both the caliper method using previously stretched macrofibers and the digital imaging method can be used to measure length. The density method presented the best results for the diameter determination because these results were not affected by the method chosen to determine the length.
Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Septic AKI via Toll-Like Receptor 9
Authors: Tsuji Naoko , Tsuji Takayuki , Ohashi Naro , Kato Akihiko , Fujigaki Yoshihide , Yasuda Hideo
Published: November 2015

Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) contributes to the development of polymicrobial septic AKI. However, the mechanisms that activate the TLR9 pathway and cause kidney injury during sepsis remain unknown. To determine the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in TLR9-associated septic AKI, we established a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis in wild-type (WT) and Tlr9-knockout (Tlr9KO) mice. We evaluated systemic circulation and peritoneal cavity dynamics and immune response and tubular mitochondrial dysfunction to determine upstream and downstream effects on the TLR9 pathway, respectively. CLP increased mtDNA levels in the plasma and peritoneal cavity of WT and Tlr9KO mice in the early phase, but the increase in the peritoneal cavity was significantly higher in Tlr9KO mice than in WT mice. Concomitantly, leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity increased, and plasma cytokine production and splenic apoptosis decreased in Tlr9KO mice compared with WT mice. Furthermore, CLP-generated renal mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial vacuolization in the proximal tubules in the early phase were reversed in Tlr9KO mice. To elucidate the effects of mtDNA on immune response and kidney injury, we intravenously injected mice with mitochondrial debris (MTD), including substantial amounts of mtDNA. MTD caused an immune response similar to that induced by CLP, including upregulated levels of plasma IL-12, splenic apoptosis, and mitochondrial injury, but this effect was attenuated by Tlr9KO. Moreover, MTD-induced renal mitochondrial injury was abolished by DNase pretreatment. These findings suggest that mtDNA activates TLR9 and contributes to cytokine production, splenic apoptosis, and kidney injury during polymicrobial sepsis.
Information Disclosures, Default Risk, and Bank Value
Authors: Zer Ilknur
Published: November 2015

This paper investigates the causal effects of voluntary information disclosures on a bank's expected default probability, enterprise risk, and value. I measure disclosure via a self-constructed index for the largest 80 U.S. bank holding companies for the period 1998-2011. I provide evidence that a bank's management responds to a plausibly exogenous deterioration in the supply of public information by increasing its voluntary disclosure, which in turn improves investors' assessment of the bank risk and value. This evidence suggests that disclosure may alleviate informational frictions and lead to a more efficient allocation of risk and return.
Contributors and Constraints to Involvement with Youth Sports Officiating
Authors: Ridinger Lynn L.
Published: November 2015

There is a growing concern about the shortage of sports officials and its impact on organized youth sport. The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of psychosocial factors that impact involvement with youth sports officiating by comparing and contrasting the experiences of officials from two distinct sports. In-depth interviews were conducted with baseball umpires and lacrosse officials. Resulting themes were classified as either contributors or constraints to involvement with officiating. The most striking difference between the two groups was the support provided in terms of mentorship, training, and administrative consideration. The baseball umpires received greater support and this was a key factor in overcoming constraints and fostering a sense of community. Implications and strategies for recruiting and retaining officials are discussed.  
Testing Results and Prospects of Educational Module “Individualization and Personalization of Educational Work with Students of Different Types”
Authors: Zaslavskaya O.Y. , Gubina E.V.
Published: November 2015

The article presents the testing results of educational module “Individualization and Personalization of Educational Work with Students of Different Types” in pedagogical master program, Teacher education (secondary general education teacher) training direction. The module based on the professional direction, involving the connection of the objectives, content, forms, tools, and educational results with the main educational results according to Federal State Educational standard, as well as the content of different professional activities of future teachers of secondary education, are contained in the professional standards of the teacher. We characterized the structure and content of module subjects, the kinds of master educational activity organization, assessment tools which were used for the module educational outcomes (competencies, job functions and teacher activity) in master students. The article describes the changes and updates that have been made in teaching and guidance documents on the results of the module testing and presents the perspectives of module in master students training.
Training Master Students of "Education and Pedagogy" Enlarged Profession Group: Testing the Module "Personalization and Differentiation
Authors: Postavnev V.M. , Postavneva I.V.
Published: November 2015

The article presents the main characteristics of the module "Individualization and differentiation of educational work with students of different categories of" innovative educational program of professional (teaching) graduate. It provides an educational discipline module focused on two target groups of students who have significant differences in psycho-pedagogical training. It offers the option of building the interdisciplinary evaluation of students upon completion of the module and uncovered testing peculiarities of the module in terms of networking. We presented the role of the teacher-supervisor, the content and organization of advanced professional practice, of the potentialities of the individual blocks of practice in enriching the content and forms of the educational process in the magistracy. Based on the analysis results of the module there are conclusions about the capabilities of the module being tested in preparation of masters of pedagogical and psycho-pedagogical directions.
Designing a Guide to Educational Module
Authors: Perevoshchikova E.N.
Published: November 2015

This article is devoted to the issue of selection and presentation of educational information for student in the basic professional educational program and module. The author marked the designing stages and corresponded operations of developing a new educational module in education science for non-educational training directions. In order to motivate students to choose educational module «Natural-Science Basis of Disabled Person Assistance» a method of designing a guide to educational module can be used. At the first stage one have to construct a frame to represent all the components of the educational process, and here it is important to study the needs of students in the relevant information, providing the possibility of designing individual learning route. The second step is to build the scheme for studying a particular module and the basic professional educational program. The third step is to create a content to all parts of the schemeandtohighlightepossiblewaysof studying.
Activity Approach and Practice-oriented Primary Teacher Training, Experience of the Siberian Federal University
Authors: Smolyaninova O.G. , Korshunova V.V.
Published: November 2015

Current issue was done under the Federal Target Education Development Program from 2011 to 2015, with the aim of networking development in vocational secondary education for teacher training based on new modules of applied bachelor programs focused on strengthening the practical orientation of future teacher training. This is considered as a basis of improvement of the federal higher educational standards, the development of new basic exemplary educational programs and finding new ways of educational outcomes assess according to the teacher professional standard. The authors believe that the successful activity in this area will improve the quality of primary school teachers training and will reduce the shortage of personnel in primary education and in secondary vocational education in Russia and Krasnoyarsk Territory in particular.
Electrospun 3D multi-scale fibrous scaffold for enhanced human dermal fibroblasts infiltration
Authors: Leong Wen Shing , Wu Shu Cheng , Ng Kee Woei , Tan Lay Poh
Published: November 2015

Electrospun polymeric nanofibrous scaffold possesses significant potential in the field of tissue engineering due to its extracellular matrix mimicking topographical features that modulate a variety of key cellular activities. However, traditional two-dimensional (2D) electrospun scaffolds are generally close-packed fiber mats which prohibit cell infiltration and proliferation. Consequently, the applications of electrospun scaffolds in regenerative medicine are limited. In this study, we detail the use of a needle collector to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with multi-scale fiber dimensions. The resultant pore size is 4 times larger than conventional 2D electrospun scaffolds with interweaving micro (3.3 ± 0.6 µm) and nano (240 ± 50 nm) fibers. The scaffold was surface modified by grafting with gelatin molecules. It was found that surface modification significantly improved human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) cell infiltration throughout the 3D multi-scale scaffold. Even after an extended culture period of up to 28 days, cell proliferation was well supported in the surface-modified 3D multi-scale scaffold as confirmed by Ki67 staining. Extracellular matrix proteins secreted by the HDFs was evident on the 3D multi-scale PCL scaffold showing promising potential to facilitate tissue regeneration, in particular dermal tissue engineering.
Relaciones intertextuales y competencia literaria en la obra narrativa de Fernando Alonso
Authors: Sánchez García Sandra
Published: November 2015

La enseñanza de la literatura en la escuela centra sus objetivos prioritarios en la formación de la competencia literaria, por lo que los estudios literarios deben optar por un análisis global del discurso, estudiando no solo aspectos formales y estructurales del texto, sino teniendo en cuenta la figura del receptor y el contexto en los que se produce la comunicación literaria. Las relaciones que se establecen entre el discurso y el lector deben ser un elemento fundamental a la hora de abordar el análisis de los textos literarios. En este sentido queremos destacar la importancia de los recursos intertextuales para la formación de una competencia literaria sólida y el desarrollo del intertexto lector. Teniendo en cuenta las posibilidades lúdicas y didácticas que presentan para el lector infantil los juegos intertextuales, en este artículo analizamos las referencias intertextuales contenidas en las obras de Fernando Alonso: El misterioso influjo de la barquillera y Las raíces del mar. Dos narraciones que reflejan la potencialidad de este tipo de textos para la estimulación lectora y el tratamiento didáctico de la literatura.
Notas sobre Feral y las cigüeñas, de Fernando Alonso, y la “Historia del califa cigüeña” (Wilhelm Hauff, Sara Cone Bryant)
Authors: Hagedorn Menz Hans Christian
Published: November 2015

En el presente estudio se analizan las fuentes de la versión de la “Historia del califa cigüeña”, incluida en la narración Feral y las cigüeñas (1971), de Fernando Alonso. Para ello se tienen en cuenta el cuento original del autor postromántico alemán Wilhelm Hauff (“Die Geschichte von Kalif Storch”, 1825), y la adaptación de este cuento que Sara Cone Bryant realizó para su libro How to tell stories to children (1905, traducción española: El arte de contar cuentos, 1965).
Narrativa contemporánea de aventuras y educación literaria en la adolescencia
Authors: Luengo Almena Juan Luis
Published: November 2015

Al artículo pretende poner de manifiesto la situación actual de la narrativa juvenil contemporánea española de viajes y aventuras, así como su puesta en valor en la formación lectora de los estudiantes de Secundaria. El análisis literario de estas novelas y de los antecedentes de este subgénero narrativo, y el establecimiento de un canon literario actualizado nos proporcionan las bases para definir una poética de la novela de aventuras.
La transmisión de valores en la literatura, desde la tradición oral hasta la LIJ actual
Authors: Etxaniz Xabier
Published: November 2015

La literatura, como indica Calvino, es un instrumento de autoconciencia de una sociedad, pero también de transmisión de valores. Desde los textos de tradición oral hasta la literatura moderna de hoy en día, determinados valores, ideas, pensamientos, han ido formando a los lectores. En este sentido los mediadores deben propugnar un pensamiento crítico y una conciencia ética.
Claves para seleccionar un itinerario constructor de identidades en el proceso de acogida y aprendizaje del español como segunda lengua
Authors: Calvo Virginia
Published: November 2015

A partir del análisis de las respuestas lectoras de los jóvenes inmigrantes objeto del estudio, y asumiendo el supuesto que la lectura literaria forja nuestras identidades (Barthes, 1979; Bruner, 2002; Larrosa, 2003; –entre otros–); en esta investigación nos centramos en analizar y reflexionar sobre las posibilidades que ofrece el discurso literario como un medio para la (re) construcción de las identidades de los adolescentes inmigrantes. Para ello, nos nutrimos de las teorías sociológicas de la educación literaria y de la vertiente emocional de la literatura (Petit, 1999, 2001, 2008, 2009); la teoría transaccional de Rosenblatt (2002) y la corriente teórica de las respuestas lectoras (Sipe, 2000, 2010). Por otra parte, seguimos la noción de distancia de Lewis (2000) y las ideas de Meek en relación a la literatura como un andamiaje de acceso a la cultura escrita. A este respecto, las investigaciones de Emilia Ferreiro (1999, 2001, 2008) sobre la escritura como marca de identidad, y desde las teorías de Freinet (1973) en relación al texto libre, nos llevan a analizar las posibilidades del blog como herramienta dinamizadora para la lectura y la escritura.
La ideología franquista en clase de Lengua y Literatura: el caso de Adolfo Maíllo
Authors: Martens Hanna , Soto Vázquez José
Published: November 2015

El presente trabajo examina en qué medida y de qué forma se aprovechaba la enseñanza de la lengua y literatura españolas para transmitir la ideología franquista. Para ello, se han analizado nueve libros escolares de Adolfo Maíllo, abarcando el período de 1942 hasta 1964. Se han contrastado los planteamientos teóricos del autor con citas textuales que permiten ejemplificar el grado de cumplimiento de sus propuestas. Destacan, sobre todo, la importancia de la religión católica, el ensalzamiento de la patria España y de su régimen franquista y, en menor medida, los valores del trabajo, el estudio y la caridad.
¿Cuántas palabras puede tener un álbum sin palabras?
Authors: Bosch Andreu Emma
Published: November 2015

Los álbumes sin palabras son libros que narran historias fundamentalmente a través de imágenes. Si fuéramos estrictos no existiría ninguno, ya que todos los libros contienen necesariamente un título que los identifica, el nombre de los autores, la casa editorial y los créditos correspondientes. Aún no siendo tan radicales, la verdad es que no existen tantos álbumes sin palabras «auténticos» como pueda parecer. Entonces, ¿cuántas palabras se le permiten a un álbum sin palabras para ser considerado como tal? La pregunta quedará, por supuesto, sin respuesta, ya que dependerá del grado de escrupulosidad de quien defina los criterios de selección. El presente trabajo ofrece una tipología de los álbumes sin palabras según las palabras que contienen. Se explorarán las palabras imprescindibles (créditos y título) de los álbumes sin palabras. Se analizarán aquellas palabras que comentan la obra (peritextos autorales y editoriales) y aquellas que presentan un juego (instrucciones). Se repasará el panorama de los álbumes casi sin palabras (libros con palabras integradas en la imagen y otros textos) y se definirán los falsos álbumes sin palabras (libros con el texto concentrado, escondido, con palabras sonoras y palabras repetidas). Y todo ello ejemplificado con álbumes de diversas procedencias.
¡Zu Befehl!: Un viaje al corazón de las tinieblas
Authors: Blanco Amalio
Published: November 2015

Con mucha frecuencia, el mundo de la literatura y el de la creación científica guardan entre sí un sospechoso parecido de familia. Será porque a nuestra fantasía le resulta imposible desprenderse de manera definitiva de lo que nos rodea; será porque todo acto de creación literaria no es más que un trasunto de nuestra propia peripecia biográfica.A veces, los científicos sociales crean metáforas que intentan dar cuenta de lo que esconde una determinada realidad, de los argumentos que la definen, de los protagonistas que la sostienen. Y, de pronto, esa realidad antes opaca se nos muestra como un libro abierto invitando a su lectura. En este artículo, vamos y venimos de la realidad a la fantasía literaria sin saber muy bien y sin preocuparnos en exceso por saber dónde empieza y termina cada una, porque, a la postre, las dos desembocan en el mismo río.
Feminización del hábito lector
Authors: Lasarte Gema
Published: November 2015

En este artículo se exponen los resultados obtenidos en una investigación descriptiva sobre la feminización del ámbito lector en la Literatura Infantil y Juvenil (LIJ) vasca. La tesis que desde el principio sostuvo esta investigación se fundamentó en que el progresivo aumento de la presencia de la mujer en el sistema literario vasco tendría que reflejarse también de alguna manera en el ámbito lector. Se utilizó el cuestionario como instrumento metodológico y se eligió una población escolar de 300 niños y niñas de edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 12 años en Vitoria. Se verificó la hipótesis preliminar; no obstante, se detectó una tendenciaclara a una mayor presencia femenina en las lecturas de las niñas que en la de los niños. Las lectoras leen un mundo imaginario en un 21.6% más femenino que los lectores.