bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A validação do Tecnobrega no Contexto dos Novos Processos de Circulação Cultural
Authors: Barros Lydia
Published: July 2016

Este artigo aponta a emergência de um novo paradigma de legitimação da música popular brasileira, baseado no aumento da circulação do acervo musical produzido globalmente e na acessibilidade às ferramentas tecnológicas que possibilitam autonomia de criação e de distribuição. Essa hipótese é defendida com base na análise do circuito paraense do tecnobrega, estilo musical que atualiza com recursos da música eletrônica uma tradição musical desprezada pelas elites, a música brega romântica do Pará, produzida entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990, que introduziu a informalidade no negócio da música no país.
Uma crítica da economia da informação na era das mídias digitais
Authors: Garcia José Luís
Published: July 2016

Colocando no centro as novas tecnologias da informação, este artigoprocura oferecer uma breve interpretação crítica do processo que, nos limiares doséculo XXI, tem revolvido a economia, a tecnologia, a comunicação e a sociedade.Argumenta-se que a nova realidade se encontra estabelecida por duas dinâmicasque se cruzam: as novidades tecnológicas permanentes nas formas de criação edistribuição de comunicação e informação; e as tendências econômicas orientadaspara a transformação de importantes dimensões do conhecimento, da culturae da comunicação, reduzidos à forma digital em produtos destinados para ummercado global, competitivo e repleto de novas possibilidades de crescimento.O processo que vários apelidam de informacionalização da sociedade intensificaa mercantilização crescente dessas esferas, doravante povoadas por conceitoscomo criatividade, inovação e competitividade.
Alteridade em movimento no filme Cinema aspirinas e urubus, de Marcelo Gomes
Authors: Barbosa Afonso , Mousinho Luiz Antonio
Published: July 2016

Pretendemos analisar o longa-metragem Cinema aspirinas e urubus, deMarcelo Gomes, examinando os personagens Johann e Ranulpho, com atençãopara suas identidades construídas em diálogo, como gestos de instauração daalteridade. O estudo visa discutir ainda os dados da linguagem cinematográficautilizados na construção desses embates entre as personalidades do nativo e doestrangeiro, abordando a obra a partir do conceito de dialogismo.
Apontamentos históricos sobre crítica de mídia noticiosa
Authors: Bittencourt Wania Célia , Silva Gislene
Published: July 2016

Influenciada por modelos norte-americanos, a crítica de mídia noticiosano Brasil já tem uma curta história. Se na prática tais iniciativas são raras eesporádicas, mais raros ainda são os estudos brasileiros sobre crítica de mídianoticiosa. Este artigo tem como objetivo organizar apontamentos históricos sobreexperiências de crítica de jornalismo no país, com intenção mais ampla de, a partirdesses apontamentos, fazer provocações a respeito da necessidade de se estudara crítica de notícias como campo de pesquisa e ensino.
Rádio social: novos intermediários da indústria da música
Authors: Kischinhevsky Marcelo , Campos Luiza Borges
Published: July 2016

O presente artigo sistematiza reflexões decorrentes de pesquisa exploratória sobre a reconfiguração das indústrias da radiodifusão sonora e fonográfica num cenário de convergência midiática e de expansão de grandes plataformas digitais de produção, distribuição e circulação de áudio. O foco recai sobre os seis principais serviços internacionais de rádio social com presença no Brasil – Deezer, Grooveshark, Last.fm, Rdio, SoundCloud e Spotify –, que se apresentam como novos intermediários dos negócios da música, articulando web rádios, podcasts e sofisticados sistemas de streaming. Interessa-nos particularmente a arquitetura de interação destes portais, entendidos como atores centrais de um rádio expandido, meio híbrido que, progressivamente, vem se amalgamando a outros segmentos das indústrias culturais, como as mídias sociais.
Nem toda fotografia é autoral
Authors: Queiroga Eduardo
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para o debate sobre autoria nafotografia, confrontando algumas dúvidas ou inexatidões extraídas do sensocomum a respeito da temática e condensadas em duas provocações: nem todofotógrafo é autor e nem toda fotografia produzida por um autor é autoral.Buscaremos em Michel Foucault, Laura González Flores e Tatiana Salem Levy,subsídios para a discussão, amparada por conceitos advindos da literatura, naqual autoria já é objeto de estudos há mais tempo.
Ao Vivo em Vai Que Cola
Authors: Andrade Ana Márcia
Published: July 2016

A primeira temporada de Vai Que Cola (MULTISHOW, 2013-2015) podeter produzido efeito singular no espectador televisivo. A simulação da transmissãoao vivo, junto da quebra da quarta parede, a exposição dos bastidores, a reação daplateia e o palco giratório, pode ter proporcionado ao telespectador a sensaçãode sair do sofá, sentar na plateia do teatro, subir no palco de Vai Que Cola e aindaatravessar as cortinas da sitcom. Com base no conceito da técnica do real sobre atransmissão direta (ao vivo) de Mario Carlón e do conceito de ao vivo de ArlindoMachado, pretende-se identificar por meio da análise audiovisual a contribuiçãodo teatro para a simulação do ao vivo, além de levantar um possível efeito doproduto sobre seu público.
Interações sociais em ambientes digitais: um estudo sobre blogs de moda a partir de Goffman
Authors: Bon Olga Carolina Pontes
Published: July 2016

Este artigo pretende abordar algumas dinâmicas de interação socialexistentes em ambientes digitais a partir da análise de uma ferramenta midiáticaespecífica: os blogs de moda. Páginas virtuais com esse perfil ganharamexpressividade, proporcionando o desenvolvimento de uma dinâmica interacionalrelevante e despertando muitos comentários com os mais diversos objetivos.Essa expressividade contribuiu para que blogs de moda com audiências ativas enumerosas ganhassem relevância no campo da moda, indicando o poder dessasmídias na atualidade. Nesse sentido, novas agentes sociais surgem – as blogueirasde moda –, motivando dinâmicas interacionais específicas. Para compreenderessa dinâmica, serão usados alguns conceitos e estudos desenvolvidos pelo autorcanadense Erving Goffman.
Trabalho como Mediação da Comunicação: Uma Reflexão Teórica sobre o Binômio Comunicação-Trabalho e os Estudos de Recepção
Authors: Kanyat Lizbeth
Published: July 2016

O presente trabalho situa-se no binômio comunicação-trabalho, buscando refletir sobre os estudos de recepção como corrente investigativa útil para o estudo da comunicação sobre o trabalho, no trabalho e como trabalho. Para isso estudaremos a concepção de trabalho do materialismo histórico, as lógicas de funcionamento e implicações sociais da linguagem e o trabalho como mediação no marco teórico dos Estudos de Recepção.
Às Cores Fotográficas e a William Eggleston, Breve Reverência
Authors: Anchieta Wanderley
Published: July 2016

O trabalho versará sobre o ocaso que se instalou entre os críticos da fotografia de arte acerca da instalação das obras coloridas de William Eggleston em 1976, no MoMA de Nova Iorque. Se as cores fotográficas – como se evidencia por ampla documentação histórica apurada pelo casal Henisch, por exemplo – sempre foram ensejadas, por que Eggleston foi achincalhado com tanta veemência? Partindo da heurística da teoria da atenção estética, este trabalho procura explicar como o ato de Eggleston lançou ao primeiro plano da atenção (logo da discussão e apreciação) certos dilemas que antes se velavam sob a insuspeita designação de incapacidade técnica.
Design Audiovisual: Remixabilidade na Obra de Saul Bass
Authors: Taú Marcio Rodriguez , Nesteriuk Sergio
Published: July 2016

Esse artigo pretende identificar nas produções audiovisuais feitas por Saul Bass (1920-1996) para o cinema a lógica da remixabilidade (Manovich, 2005) e entender como as tecnologias digitais podem contribuir para a hibridização de elementos de diferentes mídias na linguagem audiovisual. A partir da análise dos créditos de abertura do filme Casino (Martin Scorsese, 1995) e da relação com estudos de Lev Manovich (2005; 2007; 2008), Lucia Santaella (2007) e Arlindo Machado (1997) pretende-se apontar como o remix foi potencializado com as tecnologias digitais de manipulação de sons e imagens.
Ensemble Prediction of Atmospheric Refractivity Conditions for EM Propagation
Authors: Zhao Qingyun , Haack Tracy , McLay Justin , Reynolds Carolyn
Published: July 2016

An ensemble forecast system has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory to improve the analyses and forecasts of atmospheric refractivity for electromagnetic (EM) propagation with the intention of accounting for uncertainties in model forecast errors. Algorithms for a matrix of ensemble statistics have been developed to analyze the probability, location, intensity, and structure of ducting of various types. Major parameters of ducting layers and their ensemble statistics are calculated from the ensemble forecasts. Their relationships to the large-scale and mesoscale environment are also investigated. The Wallops Island field experiment from late April to early May 2000 is selected to evaluate the system. During the spring season, this coastal region maintains a strong sea surface temperature gradient between cold shelf waters and the warm Gulf Stream, where the boundaries between land, the coastal water, and the Gulf Stream have a strong influence on marine boundary layer structures and the formation of ducting layers. Sounding profiles during the field experiment are used in the study to further understand the structures of the ducting layers and also to validate the ensemble forecast system. While some advantages of the ensemble system over the deterministic forecast for atmospheric refractivity prediction in the boundary layer are studied and demonstrated in this study, the weaknesses of the current ensemble system are revealed for future improvement of the system.
Airborne Radar Observations of Lake-Effect Snowbands over the New York Finger Lakes
Authors: Bergmaier Philip T. , Geerts Bart
Published: July 2016

The vast majority of lake-effect snow research throughout the years has focused on the North American Great Lakes since they are often associated with strong lake-effect events that produce heavy downstream snowfall. This study investigates a lake-effect snow event that instead occurred over two smaller lakes, the New York Finger Lakes, which are just O(5) km wide and O(50) km long. A pair of well-defined snowbands that formed over Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, the two largest of the Finger Lakes, were sampled from above by a vertically pointing Doppler radar and lidar on board the University of Wyoming King Air (UWKA). With typical widths matching the widths of the lakes, and depths of less than 1000 m, the long-lake-axis-parallel bands were actually quite intense for their size. For example, updrafts of 2–3 m s−1 or greater within the band cores were common, and reflectivity occasionally exceeded 5 dBZ. Airborne dual-Doppler data show that both bands were sometimes accompanied by a well-defined thermally driven secondary circulation. Lidar data reveal that the Cayuga Lake band contained significantly more liquid water than the band over Seneca Lake, which was composed mainly of ice. Dissipating lake-effect ice clouds, carried downstream from Lake Ontario toward Seneca Lake, likely seeded the emerging convection over Seneca Lake, resulting in an accelerated depletion of liquid in the Seneca Lake band via more efficient snow growth.
Validation of the 6-Month GRACE Score in Predicting 1-Year Mortality of Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Admitted to the Arabian Gulf Hospitals
Authors: Thalib Lukman , Furuya-Kanamori Luis , AlHabib Khalid F. , Alfaleh Hussam F. , AlShamiri Mostafa Q. , Amin Haitham , Al Suwaidi Jassim , Sulaiman Kadhim , Almahmeed Wael , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi A. , Al-Motarreb Ahmed , Doi Suhail A. R.
Published: July 2016

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are the most common cardiovascular diseases and are associated with a significant risk of mortality and morbidity. The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score postdischarge is a widely used ACS prediction model for risk of mortality (low, intermediate, and high); however, it has not yet been validated in patients from the Arabian Gulf. This prospective multicenter study (second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events) provides detailed information of the GRACE risk score postdischarge in patients from the Arabian Gulf. Its prognostic utility was validated at 1-year follow-up in over 5000 patients with ACS from 65 hospitals in 6 Arabian Gulf countries (Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen). Overall, the goodness of fit (Hosmer and Lemeshow statistic P value = .826), calibration, and discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.695; 95% confidence interval: 0.668-0.722) were good. The GRACE risk score postdischarge can be used to stratify 1 year mortality risk in the Arabian Gulf population; it does not require further calibration and has a good discriminatory ability.
RETRACTED: Effects of Violent Media on Verbal Task Performance in Gifted and General Cohort Children
Authors: Çetin Yakup , Wai Jonathan , Altay Cengiz , Bushman Brad J.
Published: July 2016

At the request of the Journal Editor(s) and the Publisher and/or the author(s), the following article has been retracted.

Çetin, Y., Wai, J., Altay, C., & Bushman B. J. (2016). Effects of violent media on verbal task performance in gifted and general cohort children. Gifted Child Quarterly, 60(4), 279-287. doi: 10.1177/0016986216660382

Joseph Hilgard, postdoctoral fellow at the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania, contacted the journal with questions regarding the pattern of results and conducted reanalyses of the data that called into question the credibility of the data. Unfortunately, the data collection procedures could not be verified because the author who collected the data (Cengiz Altay) could not be contacted following the attempted coup in Turkey. Therefore, as the integrity of the data could not be confirmed, the journal has determined, and the co-authors have agreed, to retract the study.
Integration of dye solar cells in load-bearing translucent glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates
Authors: Pascual Carlos , de Castro Julia , Schueler Andreas , Keller Thomas
Published: July 2016

The encapsulation of dye solar cells in translucent, structural and lightweight glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates was investigated with a view to designing multifunctional envelopes for daylit buildings. Small and large integrating sphere experiments and solar radiation experiments were performed to determine the light transmittance of the laminates and the electrical efficiency of the encapsulated cells. An overall cell efficiency of 3.9% (before encapsulation) only decreased to 3.4% after encapsulation below laminates of around 3-mm thickness. Thermal cycle experiments and finite element analysis allowed the thermal performance of the encapsulation for two types of cell substrates (glass and acrylic polymer) to be evaluated. Contrary to glass substrates, no delaminations were observed on acrylic substrates after 300 h of cycles +60/−20℃. A design for integrating dye solar cells into multifunctional sandwich building envelopes is proposed. A light transmittance of around 0.35 was estimated through a sandwich envelope with cell modules occupying 50% of the external face sheet. Research on the manufacturability of cells on polymeric substrates is encouraged.
A discrete crack network toolkit for Abaqus for damage and residual strength prediction of laminated composites
Authors: Cui Xiaodong , Fang Eugene , Lua Jim
Published: July 2016

The main objective of this article is to exploit a phantom paired element based discrete crack network toolkit for predicting the damage progression and residual strength of laminated composites without and with a hole under tension and compression. Both intra-ply matrix cracking and inter-ply delamination are considered under a co-simulation framework in the discrete crack network toolkit. A mesh-independent kinematic description of discrete matrix cracks is accomplished via user-defined phantom paired solid elements to capture the initiation and evolution of fiber orientation dependent matrix cracking. In-ply matrix crack initiation is realized by inserting a crack along the fiber direction when a matrix driven failure criterion is satisfied and a cohesive injection along the matrix crack interface is applied to account for energy dissipation during matrix crack opening. The delamination failure mode is characterized by applying Abaqus’ cohesive interaction at ply interfaces. The non-linear shear behavior is introduced by employing a power law based curve-fit model and the fiber failure is described using a continuum damage mechanics based model. Both the blind and recalibrated predictions are performed for specimens of three different layups under the Air Force Tech Scout 1 program. The predicted damage progression and the load displacement curves are compared with the testing results provided by the Air Force Research Laboratory.
Why Learning Common Fractions Is Uncommonly Difficult: Unique Challenges Faced by Students With Mathematical Disabilities
Authors: Berch Daniel B.
Published: July 2016

In this commentary, I examine some of the distinctive, foundational difficulties in learning fractions and other types of rational numbers encountered by students with a mathematical learning disability and how these differ from the struggles experienced by students classified as low achieving in math. I discuss evidence indicating that students with math disabilities exhibit a significant delay or deficit in the numerical transcoding of decimal fractions, and I further maintain that they may face unique challenges in developing the ability to effectively translate between different types of fractions and other rational number notational formats—what I call conceptual transcoding. I also argue that characterizing this level of comprehensive understanding of rational numbers as rational number sense is irrational, as it misrepresents this flexible and adaptive collection of skills as a biologically based percept rather than a convergence of higher-order competencies that require intensive, formal instruction.
Food–Wine Pairing Suggestions as a Risk Reduction Strategy
Authors: Terrier Lohyd , Jaquinet Anne-Laure
Published: July 2016

This study tests the effect of a pairing suggestion for food with wine by the glass directly placed on the menu. We made the assumption that these suggestions can, by reducing social and financial risk, increase wine by the glass sales. One hundred and fifty-nine customers of a Swiss restaurant participated in this experiment. For 82 customers, a food and wine by the glass suggestion was directly placed on the menu while the 77 others were given a normal menu (without a pairing suggestion). Results show that this type of suggestion significantly increases wine sold by the glass. Practical applications of this strategy are discussed.
“I Get My Therapy From Work”
Authors: Olney Marjorie F. , Emery-Flores Deborah S.
Published: July 2016

Although the Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP) has been studied in the context of recovery from mental illness, peer-led services, effectiveness, and improving self-advocacy skills of clients, the relationship between employment success and WRAP has not yet been examined. The objective of the study was to explore the impact of WRAP on employment and how individuals with psychiatric disabilities utilized WRAP strategies for employment success. Ten working-age individuals who completed WRAP training and subsequently worked for at least 90 days engaged in semi-structured interviews about their experiences with WRAP and employment. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed and three themes emerged from the study: (a) Then and Now, (b) Strategies for Wellness, and (c) Toward Employment Success. Findings showed that WRAP strategies facilitated success in employment and that employment was an important component of recovery from mental illness.
Leading to Crafting: The Relation Between Leadership Perception and Nurses’ Job Crafting
Authors: Esteves Tiago , Pereira Lopes Miguel
Published: July 2016

Whenever individuals adapt their jobs to make them closer of their personal preferences, they are performing job crafting. This study aims to investigate if the way nurses perceive their leaders’ behaviors is related with job crafting development. To do so, a quantitative analysis was conducted among a group of 325 Portuguese nurses. Results indicate that the perception of an empowering leader was found to be strongly related with the increase of challenges in the work environment, and with the development of stronger relations with direct managers and co-workers, which are two job crafting dimensions. The perception of a directive leader was found to be positively related with the avoidance of performing hindering tasks. Strengthening relations with direct managers and co-workers was found to be particularly related to leadership perception. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Smoking Cessation for Male College Students
Authors: Lee Shinae , Park Hyojung
Published: July 2016

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of auricular acupressure for smoking cessation on male college students. The experimental group ( n = 27) received auricular acupressure on specific acupoints for smoking cessation, whereas the control group ( n = 26) received sham auricular acupressure on nonspecific acupoints. Participants received 6 weeks of auricular acupressure intervention. For the experimental group, auricular acupressure was applied to the shenmen, lung, subcortex, hunger, stomach, and mouth. The data of nicotine dependence, self-efficacy for smoking cessation, and exhaled carbon monoxide were collected for both group 3 times: before intervention, after 3 weeks of the intervention, and after 6 weeks of the intervention. Statistical differences between the two groups from pretest to posttest emerged in self-efficacy for smoking cessation ( p = .048) and exhaled carbon monoxide ( p < .001), but not for nicotine dependence.
A comparison of nighttime lights data for urban energy research: Insights from scaling analysis in the US system of cities
Authors: Fragkias Michail , Lobo José , Seto Karen C
Published: July 2016

Urban areas contribute to about 75% of global fossil fuel CO2 emissions and are a primary driver of climate change. If greenhouse gas emissions for the top 20 emitting urban areas were aggregated into a one country, it would rank third behind China and the US. With urban areas forecasted to triple between 2010 and 2030 and urban population expected to increase by more than 2.5 billion, sustainable development will require a better understanding of how different types of urbanization affect energy use. However, there is a scarcity of data on energy use at the urban level that are available globally. Nighttime light satellite data have been shown to be related to energy use, but to date there has not been a systematic comparison of how well different sources of nighttime light data and their derived products can proxy electricity use. This paper fills this gap. First, we perform a comparative analysis of different types of nighttime light satellite data to proxy for electricity use for US cities. Second, we examine how the different types of nighttime light satellite data scale with the size of urban settlements and connect these findings to recent theoretical advances in scaling. We find that (1) all measures of nighttime light and urban electricity use in the US are strongly correlated and (2) different nighttime light-derived data can measure distinct urban energy characteristics such as energy infrastructure volume versus energy use. Our results do not show a clear best nighttime light proxy for total electricity consumption, despite of the use of higher spatial and temporal resolution data.
Improving Latino Youths' Environmental Health Literacy and Leadership Skills Through Participatory Research on Chemical Exposures in Cosmetics
Authors: Madrigal Daniel S. , Minkler Meredith , Parra Kimberly L. , Mundo Carolina , Gonzalez Jesus Enrique Cardenas , Jimenez Ramon , Vera Carlos , Harley Kim G.
Published: July 2016

To increase environmental health literacy (EHL) and leadership skills in Latino youth in Salinas, CA., we worked from 2012–2015 with 15 members of the CHAMACOS Youth Community Council (YCC), an outreach arm of a longitudinal study of impacts of environmental chemicals on children’s health. The YCC program provided hands-on research experiences related to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) in cosmetics and their possible health effects. We use participatory research principles and Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives to describe the development of EHC and leadership in the youth co-researchers. Using data from multiple qualitative sources, we explore the youths' engagement in a wide range of research and action processes. Promising outcomes, including perceptions of improved youth self-esteem, EHL, leadership, and career orientation are discussed, as are challenges, such as time constraints and high priority youth concerns not addressed by the study. Implications for other youth-engaged participatory science and leadership programs are presented.
Consideration of stakeholder interests in the planning of sustainable waste management programmes
Authors: López-Toro Alberto A , Rubio-Romero Juan Carlos , Suárez-Cebador Manuel , Arjona-Jiménez Rafael
Published: July 2016

Those responsible for developing sustainable solid waste management programmes must consider the impacts of programme elements on everyone involved. This paper focuses on identifying the effects of waste management activities and assessing their overall impact on stakeholders. Collaborating with four focus groups and 36 experts, 19 effects were identified and nine questionnaires were designed to evaluate them, one for each stakeholder group. All told, 1805 people took part in the survey. The results show that the effects most important to the survey participants are: (a) recycling solid urban waste, (b) pollution and (c) corporate social responsibility.
External threat and the limits of democratic pacifism
Authors: Ghatak Sambuddha , Gold Aaron , Prins Brandon C
Published: July 2016

Scholars widely recognize that democratic dyads are associated with lower hazards of armed conflict and more efficient conflict resolution. Many attempts have been made to challenge the notion of democratic pacifism, but perhaps the most significant is the argument that the Democratic Peace is epiphenomenal to territorial issues, specifically the external threats that they pose. The presence of an external threat might be the mechanism by which democratic dyads, owing to audience costs and resolve, fail to decide contentious issues non-violently. This study seeks to answer the question: “Under what conditions do democratic dyads lower the likelihood of armed conflict?” To do this we propose a hard test of the Democratic Peace. Using an updated global sample of cases, we model joint democracy’s ability to lower the likelihood of armed conflict in the presence of direct external threats in the form of strategic rivalry and territorial contention. The empirical evidence we uncover systematically shows the Democratic Peace to be more limited than previously observed. When we control for each external threat with a simple right-hand-side variable, joint democracy continues to reduce conflict propensities. But when democracies face external threats (i.e. the interaction of democracy and threat), the pacifying effect of democracy is less visible.
From territorial claims to identity claims: The Issue Correlates of War (ICOW) Project
Authors: Hensel Paul R , Mitchell Sara McLaughlin
Published: July 2016

The Issue Correlates of War (ICOW) research project began nearly 20 years ago by collecting data on territorial claims in South America. Since then, the ICOW territorial claims dataset has expanded to cover the entire world, while ICOW has collected new data on river claims and maritime claims and is beginning a new project on identity claims. This article discusses the development and expansion of ICOW data, illustrating how the additional datasets offer important new information and open up new avenues for scholarship.
A Feminist Call for Transforming the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Willison Judith S. , O’Brien Patricia
Published: July 2016

In the past 30 years, the number of incarcerated women in the United States has increased at a faster rate than that of men. This article outlines the ideologies and mechanisms of the “Prison Nation” and calls on social workers to conceptualize the effects of mass incarceration of women as an urgent social justice issue. We call for feminist social workers to adopt an anti-oppressive orientation to justice-involved women, build social work responses around national reform measures, and advocate for decarceration and restorative justice as a paradigm for responding to women’s involvement in systems which criminalize them.
Intrinsic Moral Evils in the Middle Ages: Augustine as a Source of the Theological Doctrine
Authors: McWhorter Matthew R.
Published: July 2016

Contemporary historians examining moral theology in the Middle Ages question whether the practice of proscribing certain kinds of human acts as intrinsic moral evils has a legitimate basis in the Christian ethical tradition. John Dedek argues that this proscription does not fully emerge until the work of the fourteenth-century thinker Durandus of St. Pourçain. Dedek’s historical focus, however, is upon theological discussions which consider God’s absolute power and his ability to dispense from or command any human act whatsoever. The focus for addressing this question should be instead to examine how medieval thinkers understand the structural elements of a human act, especially in response to the ethical intentionalism promoted by the twelfth-century thinker Peter Abelard. An examination of Peter Lombard’s response to Abelard reveals that certain human acts were proscribed as intrinsic moral evils long prior to Durandus, and that Augustine serves as a source for this doctrine.
Divine Command Theory in Early Franciscan Thought: A Response to the Autonomy Objection
Authors: Schumacher Lydia
Published: July 2016

In recent years, many scholars have bemoaned the gradual demise of traditional virtue ethics, and its eventual replacement in the later Middle Ages by divine command theory. Where virtue ethics nurtures a capacity for spontaneous moral judgement, this theory turns on adherence to ordained duties and laws. Thus, virtue ethicists among others have tended to object to the theory on the grounds that it undermines the role of the moral agent in moral adjudication. In this article, by contrast, I will argue that there is a way of construing divine command theory, which is not susceptible to this critique. To this end, I will turn to the work of first-generation Franciscan scholars, who affirmed the necessity of human understanding of divine commands and the complete freedom of the will to observe them.
Non-linear dynamic response structural optimization for frontal-impact and side-impact crash tests
Authors: Lee Youngmyung , Park Gyung-Jin
Published: July 2016

Vehicle crash optimization is a representative non-linear dynamic response structural optimization that utilizes highly non-linear vehicle crash analysis in the time domain. In the automobile industries, crash optimization is employed to enhance the crashworthiness characteristics. The equivalent-static-loads method has been developed for such non-linear dynamic response structural optimization. The equivalent static loads are the static loads that generate the same displacement field in linear static analysis as those of non-linear dynamic analysis at a certain time step, and the equivalent static loads are imposed as external loads in linear static structural optimization. In this research, the conventional equivalent-static-loads method is expanded to the crash management system with regard to the frontal-impact test and a full-scale vehicle for a side-impact crash test. Crash analysis frequently considers unsupported systems which do not have boundary conditions and where adjacent structures do not penetrate owing to contact. Since the equivalent-static-loads method uses linear static response structural optimization, boundary conditions are required, and the impenetrability condition cannot be directly considered. To overcome the difficulties, a problem without boundary conditions is solved by using the inertia relief method. Thus, relative displacements with respect to a certain reference point are used in linear static response optimization. The impenetrability condition in non-linear analysis is transformed to the impenetrability constraints in linear static response optimization.
Putting Diagnosis Into Brackets: Franco Basaglia, Radical Psychiatry, and Contemporary Mental Health Services
Authors: Cummins Ian
Published: July 2016

Mental health services in England and Wales are facing a crisis. The vision of properly funded, flexible, and service-user focused community-based services, that was one of the key drivers of deinstitutionalization, has never been realized. This article argues that the failure of community care was the result of underinvestment. The current crisis is linked to the politics of austerity. The current landscape is a bleak one with a shortage of community-based alternatives, a shortage of beds leading to delays in admissions or patients being admitted to units far from their homes, and the Criminal Justice System becoming a default provider of mental health care. Mental health services have become dominated by a bureaucratic, risk assessment focused model of practice. The article uses John Foot’s recent magisterial biography of Franco Basaglia—a key figure in the anti-psychiatry movement of the 1960s—as a basis for a different approach to the provision of mental health care. Basaglia, a charismatic intellectual led a series of radical reforms to asylums in Italy in the 1960s and 1970s. These resulted in Law 180 sometimes referred to as Basaglia’s Law which resulted in the closure of the Trieste asylum. At the core of this work is a belief that services need to be based on relational therapeutic approaches. It concludes that far from being banished to the shores of 1968 radical movement excesses, Basgalia’s work has many important insights for mental health services today.
High School Athletes With ADHD and Learning Difficulties Have a Greater Lifetime Concussion History
Authors: Iverson Grant L. , Wojtowicz Magdalena , Brooks Brian L. , Maxwell Bruce A. , Atkins Joseph E. , Zafonte Ross , Berkner Paul D.
Published: July 2016

Objective: Examine lifetime history of concussions in adolescents who have developmental problems in comparison with those with no developmental problems. Method: Thirty-two thousand four hundred eighty-seven adolescent athletes completed baseline/pre-season evaluations. Based on self-reported histories, athletes were divided into four groups: ADHD only, ADHD and learning difficulties (LD), LD only, and controls. Results: Athletes with ADHD, LD, or ADHD plus LD reported a greater prevalence of prior concussions than athletes without these developmental conditions ( ps < .05). When adjusting for sex differences in concussion prevalence rates (boys are greater than girls), there was an increase in prevalence of prior injuries in those with ADHD, and ADHD plus learning difficulties compared with those with LD only. This pattern was found for both girls and boys. There was no additive effect of having both conditions. Conclusion: Developmental conditions in adolescent athletes, such as ADHD and learning difficulties, are associated with a greater prevalence rate of prior concussion.
Self-tracking in the Digital Era
Authors: Sanders Rachel
Published: July 2016

This article employs Foucauldian and feminist analytics to advance a critical approach to wearable digital health- and activity-tracking devices. Following Foucault’s insight that the growth of individual capabilities coincides with the intensification of power relations, I argue that digital self-tracking devices (DSTDs) expand individuals’ capacity for self-knowledge and self-care at the same time that they facilitate unprecedented levels of biometric surveillance, extend the regulatory mechanisms of both public health and fashion/beauty authorities, and enable increasingly rigorous body projects devoted to the attainment of normative femininity. These technologies of surveillance, normalization, and discipline thus function to augment, and facilitate the cooperation of, neoliberal-era biopower and post-feminist patriarchal power. My analysis of digital self-tracking devices’ instrumentality to biopower and patriarchy contributes to the emergent field of critical digital health studies and builds new connections between political, social, and feminist theories of embodiment; biopower studies; fat studies; and trans-disciplinary body studies.
The use of cognitive remediation therapy on a child adolescent eating disorder unit: Patients and therapist perspectives
Authors: Giombini Lucia , Turton Robert , Turco Matteo , Nesbitt Sophie , Lask Bryan
Published: July 2016

Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) is an intervention for anorexia nervosa (AN) that focuses on ameliorating the neuropsychological inefficiencies that underlie the illness. The current literature has reported promising results regarding its efficacy as an intervention for AN. However, there is a scarcity of studies considering the implementation of CRT in a child and adolescent population. This article describes an individual CRT therapy programme for children and adolescents with AN delivered on an inpatient unit for eating disorders. It considers the therapeutic process including the differing viewpoints of the patients and the therapists. The article concludes that CRT can be viewed as an engaging therapeutic intervention that could be useful as an additional treatment for AN.
Cosmopolitan relations in the colonies: Redefining citizen journalism through a cultural historical reading of The Herald, St. Croix 1915–1925
Authors: Blaagaard Bolette B
Published: July 2016

This article tells the story of how the journalistic practices of David Hamilton Jackson (1884–1946), a local of St. Croix, in the newspaper The Herald (1915–1925) produced cultural and cosmopolitan bridges in (post)colonial times and how these connections were built on cultural and journalistic practices rather than on technological advancements. Based on a critical, discursive reading of The Herald, the article argues that despite the dominant narrative of the telegraph’s cosmopolitan qualities, which is supported by its perceived neutral transmission of news between peoples and cultures, the telegraph’s neutrality, like journalism’s own ambition of objectivity, is contestable. Rather, when looking for cosmopolitan connections – understood as worldwide, cultural citizenship – and citizen journalism, the reader is urged to consider the embodied, political acts and engagements of subjects struggling to gain rights and political voice through the medium of journalism.
Potential of an air curtain system orientated to create non-uniform indoor thermal environment and save energy
Authors: Shen Chong , Shao Xiaoliang , Li Xianting
Published: July 2016

Non-uniform indoor environment has shown its potential for building energy efficiency and improving indoor air quality compared with traditional uniform environment created by mixing ventilation. An air curtain was employed to create non-uniform thermal environment in this study. The performance of an optimal ventilation strategy between an air curtain and the background ventilation in a typical air-conditioned room was investigated numerically. The air curtain's effectiveness and coefficient of performance (COP) are proposed as evaluation indices for assessing the efficacy of air curtain for this usage. The numerical model was validated by experiments. The energy saving potential of an air curtain system for maintaining a thermal environment of a compartment was studied under different internal heat-source characteristics. The discharge velocity of the air curtain was optimized. The results show that the efficacy of an air curtain system to create a non-uniform thermal environment is high, where the maximum temperature difference between two sides of an air curtain could be as high as 7.4℃. Both the flow rate of the air curtain and background ventilation can be reduced to save energy. An air curtain is more efficient when the heat is concentrated mainly in the unoccupied room partition and the unoccupied zone contains external walls.
Financing social ventures by crowdfunding
Authors: Bernardino Susana , Santos J. Freitas
Published: July 2016

Studies on the profile of the social entrepreneurs that use crowdfunding (CF) for financing social projects are relatively rare, specifically in the context of Social Stock Exchange platforms. This research aims to understand the role played by social entrepreneurs’ personality traits on the choice between the traditional donation model and social CF to finance social projects. The particular case of the Portuguese Social Stock Exchange (PSSE) is presented and a quantitative and exploratory approach is used. The data were collected through a questionnaire that was emailed to non-governmental organizations in Portugal and founders of the projects listed on PSSE. Logistic regression is employed to predict the probability that a social entrepreneur would use PSSE rather than traditional financing. The predictor variables are based on the Big Five personality traits. Our investigation reveals that the conscientiousness personality trait is the only factor that might explain the use of the PSSE platform.
Emotional expression at different managerial career stages
Authors: Arar Khalid
Published: July 2016

This paper examines emotional expression experienced by female principals in the Arab school system in Israel over their managerial careers – role-related emotions that they choose to express or repress before others. I employed narrative methodology, interviewing nine female principals from the Arab school system to investigate expression of emotions in professional life stories that they narrated. Findings indicate that the principals’ emotional expressions differ according to career stage; on induction into principalship, they are stressed, feel threatened, distressed and challenged. As they establish themselves in their role they are calmer, use more humour and more ‘correct’ facial expressions. At a more advanced career stage, they express empathy and compassion, and concern for the maintenance of educational achievements. Understanding principals’ emotional expression at different career stages contributes to the quality of principal-teacher relations in the school.
The association between varicella (chickenpox) and group A streptococcus infections in historical perspective
Authors: Coleman Stephen
Published: July 2016

Objectives:

The aim of the research is to investigate the historical relationship between varicella and Streptococcus pyogenes infections. In the past few decades, varicella has been identified as a risk factor for invasive group A streptococcus infections. The question is whether this relationship also existed between varicella and scarlet fever in the historical era.

Methods:

The analysis begins with a search of historical medical reports on the relationship between varicella and scarlet fever epidemics in the late 19th and early 20th century, as well as in more recent empirical studies. Correlations and cross-correlations between varicella and scarlet fever are analyzed using weekly public health case reports from 1924 to 1932 for Boston, Chicago, New York City, and Philadelphia. Regression models are used to estimate the relationship between varicella and scarlet fever after controlling for seasonal forcing.

Results:

Historical records give limited support for a causal relationship between varicella and scarlet fever but indicate that these diseases often occurred close in time to each other. Likewise, statistical analysis shows that varicella and scarlet fever epidemics are closely aligned with each other, and varicella has a strong relationship with scarlet fever. The relationship is stronger than reported in any previous research on the two diseases.

Conclusion:

The close correspondence of the two diseases likely depends on multiple factors, including seasonal forcing, a causal relationship, and co-infections. The results raise questions about whether this close relationship might have had a synergistic effect or a role in the evolution of S. pyogenes from the virulent, high incidence epidemics of the 19th century to the relatively benign scarlet fever of the 1950s.
Body movement imitation and early language as predictors of later social communication and language outcomes: A longitudinal study
Authors: Dohmen Andrea , Bishop Dorothy VM , Chiat Shula , Roy Penny
Published: July 2016

Background and aims

Over recent decades much research has focused on detecting predictors of different language trajectories in children with early language delay but there has been very little exploration of social communication trajectories in these children. We report a longitudinal study that investigated the predictive value and clinical significance of elicited body movement imitation and language for later social communication and language outcome in Late Talkers.

Methods

Participants were 29 German-speaking children who were identified with delayed onset and progression of language at two years and followed up at four years. Novel assessments of posture and gesture imitation were administered at Time 1, together with standardised language measures. All body movement imitation items involved self-other mappings, assumed to rely on sociocognitive capacities. At Time 2, children were assessed on standard language tests, together with parental reports of social communication.

Results

Early language skills at Time 1 were significantly associated with later language outcome and body movement imitation skills at Time 1 with later social communication outcome. Logistic regression analyses revealed that body movement imitation as well as language at Time 1 added significantly to the prediction of language outcome at Time 2, whereas only body movement imitation made a significant contribution to the prediction of social communication outcome at Time 2.

Conclusions and implications

Theoretically, results highlight the need to account for the heterogeneity of different language and communication trajectories in children with early language delay and point to the importance of sociocognitive difficulties observed in some of these children. Clinically, this study demonstrated that body movement imitation measures have the potential to improve the identification of pre-schoolers who are at risk of later social communication and language problems.
Five-year survival and durability results of brentuximab vedotin in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Chen Robert , Gopal Ajay K. , Smith Scott E. , Ansell Stephen M. , Rosenblatt Joseph D. , Savage Kerry J. , Connors Joseph M. , Engert Andreas , Larsen Emily K. , Huebner Dirk , Fong Abraham , Younes Anas
Published: July 2016

Key Points

A total of 38% of patients who achieved CR (13 of 34) on brentuximab vedotin have remained in remission for >5 years and may be cured. Nine of the 13 patients (9% of all enrolled patients) have remained in long-term remission without a consolidative allogeneic transplant.