bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O direito à indenização do consumidor pelo tempo perdido, em razão do defeito no produto ou no serviço
Authors: Goiabeira Rosa Luiz Carlos , De Aguiar Borges Gabriel Oliveira , Salviano Alves Dionis
Published: July 2022

Este trabalho tem como finalidade analisar a possibilidade de se indenizar o tempo desperdiçado pelo consumidor por má conduta do fornecedor ao impossibilitar ou dificultar a reparação pelo defeito no produto ou no serviço, o que a doutrina alcunhou de “desvio do tempo produtivo do consumidor”, e o dever de reparar daí decorrente. Adotou-se o método dedutivo, partindo-se do direito fundamental à proteção do consumidor e um de seus corolários, o princípio da vulnerabilidade do consumidor, chegando-se à responsabilidade do fornecedor pela colocação de produtos e serviços defeituosos no mercado de consumo, e ao final constatandose o dever de reparar em razão do tempo tomado do consumidor e da não resolução do problema, por exclusiva desídia do fornecedor.
COVID-19 Infection in Heart Transplant Recipients: Results of a Six-Month Prospective Survey-Based Study
Authors: Lalehfar Vahideh , Larti Farnoosh , Mehrakizadeh Ali , Bakhshandeh Alireza , Badkoubeh Roya Sattarzadeh , Mohammadzadeh Shabnam , Sardari Akram
Published: July 2022

Solid-organ transplantation recipients were assumed highly vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the results of previous studies in patients with orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) under immunosuppressive therapy are contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 infection and associated risk factors, along with the six-month outcomes in COVID-19 positive OHT patients. This single-center telephone-based survey was conducted on OHT patients. Using a detailed questionnaire, exposure to COVID-19, related symptoms, and preventive self-care measures were collected. Outcomes of COVID-19-positive patients were reassessed using another survey six months later. 118 OHT patients (male: n=87, 73.7%) were included with a mean age of 45.3±13.1 years. Sixteen patients (13.5%) reported one or more symptoms compatible with COVID-19, of whom 12 (10.2%) tested positive. Our results indicated no statistically significant association between COVID-19 and comorbidities. Poor adherence to self-care measures and contact with positive index cases were both significantly associated with COVID-19 infection (P<0.001). A later six months follow-up showed that two out of 12 (16.6%) COVID-19 positive OHT patients died. There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of COVID-19 in our patients compared to Iran’s general population (P=0.152). Non-compliance with personal protective protocols and a history of contact with COVID-19 cases were the most risk factors for COVID-19 infection in OHT patients.
Effect of Balloon-Blowing on Dyspnea and Oxygenation in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bargahi Mohammad , Rastgoo Nafiseh , Aryanejad Farzane , Esmaielzade Sohrab , Nemati Roomina , Ghaebi Mehdi , Bajelan Arezoo , Soltani Soheil
Published: July 2022

Dyspnea and decreased O2 saturation are the most common causes of hospitalization in noncritical COVID-19 patients. Breathing exercises and chest physiotherapy are used for managing the patients. These treatments are, however, not well supported by scientific evidence. In a randomized controlled trial, 80 patients were randomly assigned to planned breathing exercises (n=40) and control groups (n=40). The participants in the intervention group were instructed to blow into a balloon five times a day while lying down. Other therapies were similar in both groups. The severity of dyspnea at rest/after activity and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) with/without O2 therapy were compared between the two groups on the first, second, and third days. The study findings showed no statistically significant difference in SpO2 with/without O2 therapy on the first, second, and third days between the two groups. Although the severity of dyspnea showed no significant difference between the two groups, the mean score of dyspnea at rest (2.72±2.25 vs. 1.6±1.21, P=0.007) and after activity (4.53±2.04 vs. 3.52±1.66, P=0.017) improved in the intervention group on the third day. Balloon-blowing exercise improves dyspnea in noncritical Covid-19 patients, but it does not significantly improve oxygenation.
Dengue Fever Dynamics in Bali, Indonesia 2010-2018: An Interplay of Population Density and Climatic Factors
Authors: Yudhastuti Ririh , Dimjati Lusno Muhammad Farid , Mirasa Yudied Agung , Husnina Zida
Published: July 2022

Dengue Fever (DF) incidence in Bali has been the highest in Indonesia for decades. This study describes the annual distribution of DF and analyzes its association with population density, number of rainy days, and average humidity during 2010-2018 at the district level. The choropleth maps and Poisson regression were employed to provide geographical distribution and quantify the association. The P, 95% confidence interval (CI), and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) were adopted to assess the significance and the goodness of the association. During 2010-2018 there were 55 215 new DF cases notified. The annual incidence of dengue cases in Bali increased with IRR: 1.000186 (95% CI:1.0000183:1.000189) for every increment of population density per kilometers square and increased by  IRR: 1.01043 (95% CI: 1.01019: 1.01078) for every additional one rainy day annually. The dengue cases also increased with IRR 1.0172 (95% CI: 1.0137: 1.0208) for every 1% increase in average humidity. Population density and climate factors are positively associated with dengue cases incidence in Bali from 2010 to 2018. The results underline the urgency of integrating population dynamics and climatic determinants into the DF control program and customizing the intervention program based on local characteristics.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome After Receiving the First Dose of Oxford–AstraZeneca SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine
Authors: Mozhdehipanah Hossein , Mavandadi Shirin , Paybast Sepideh
Published: July 2022

Safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccination is paramount of importance. There are limited reports of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with the COVID-19 vaccination. The present study reported a case of GBS following the first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. A 32-year-old man presented a history of progressive descending weakness and autonomic features within a month after receiving the Oxford-AstraZeneca SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The neurological examination was consistent with acute polyneuropathy. The para-clinical investigations were in favor of acute demyelinating polyneuropathy. The patient was diagnosed with GBS, and IVIG was initiated as an acute treatment, which led to significant clinical recovery. We reported a case of GBS after receiving the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. However, our findings dose not conclude a causal association between GBS and COVID-19 vaccination.
Spruce population under the canopy of overmature birch forests in the mixed forest zone of the european part of Russia
Authors:   Institute of Forest Science RAS, Deryugin A.A. , Glazunov Yu.B. ,   Institute of Forest Science RAS, L’vov Yu.G. ,   Institute of Forest Science RAS
Published: July 2022

The results of studies of the under-canopy population of spruce (Picea abies L.) in over-mature birch forests (Betuletum oxalidosum) of the Moscow region are presented. The purpose of the research was to study of the renewal process periodicity, age, vertical structure and condition of the spruce population. The work was carried out on a permanent trial plot in the period 2008–2018. The undulating feature of the spruce renewal process under the canopy of birch forest with a frequency of 30–40 years within the age of the birch trees under consideration has been established. It is determined that the basis of spruce forests formed under the canopy are trees with a renewal period of less than 30 years, which by the onset of the decay of birch forests form the first and second layers with an average age approaching the age of quantitative maturity. The age structure of the spruce population in birch forests aged 115 years is characterized by the dominance of trees of two age groups — 21–40 and 91–120 years, which account for 29 % and 37 % of the population, respectively. The emerging spruce forests belong to conditionally even-aged stands. Trees with a height of 2,0 m dominate (about 40 %) in the vertical structure of the population. The age dynamics of the stand is aimed at a slight increase in undergrowth trees and the first storey, and a decrease in the number of the second storey trees occurs. This is due to the emergence of new spruce specimens and the transition of part of the trees of the second storey to the first one. It was found that weakened trees predominate in the under-canopy population of spruce in overmature birch forests. Trees of the first layer are in the best condition (status category CS = 1). The state of undergrowth trees during the observation period did not change, remaining weakened (CS = 2,3–2,4). The set of trees of the second layer was characterized by positive dynamics — from the category of strongly weakened (CS = 2,7), due to the mortality, it moved to the category of weakened (CS = 2,0). Trees with a renewal period of up to 30 years are in the best condition. As a result of the succession process, after the decay of birch forests, low-density spruce forests with a productivity corresponding to the III site class will be formed.
Trace elements monitoring in Udmurt Republic by neutron activation analysis
Authors:   Udmurt State University, Zhuravleva A.N. , Bukharina I.L. ,   Udmurt State University, Svozilik V. ,   Information Technology Laboratory, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Frontasyeva M.V. ,   I.M. Frank Neutron Physics Laboratory, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Zagrebin E.A. ,   Udmurt State University
Published: July 2022

The results of the assessment of the degree of atmospheric pollution in the territory of the Udmurt republic by the method of moss biomonitors in combination with instrumental neutron activation analysis are presented. Concentrations of 37 macro-, micro- and trace elements were determined in moss samples. The factors of accumulation of individual elements are calculated using background values of their concentrations. The background concentration is determined by finding three minimum values and finding the average using descriptive statistics methods. Based on the analytical results, maps of the spatial distribution of heavy metals and other toxic elements in the study area were constructed using GIS technologies. Factor analysis was used as a method of multidimensional statistical analysis to identify the main sources of pollution — large industrial facilities located on the territory of the Udmurt Republic. This study is a continuation of work for other regions of Russia using multi-element instrumental neutron activation analysis and modern GIS technologies.
Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Yield, Quality, Nutrient Content and Uptake on Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Ram K.V. , Raj A.D. , Patel K.H.
Published: July 2022

Background: Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most versatile emerging crops having wider adaptability under varied agro-climatic conditions. Nitrogen though an expensive input is very important as it is intimately involved in the process of photosynthesis and directly reflected in the total dry matter production. Phosphorus is involved in a wide range of plant processes from permitting cell division to the development of a good root system and for ensuring timely and uniform ripening of the crop. Potassium plays a vital role as macronutrient in plant growth and sustainable crop production. The current study aimed to study the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield, quality, nutrient content and uptake on hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) under south Gujarat condition. Methods: A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of the year 2019-20 to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield, quality, nutrient content and uptake by hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). In this experiment twelve treatment combinations consisting of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer, two levels of phosphorus fertilizer and two levels of potassium fertilizer were tried in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The protein content and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content and their uptake by seed and stover and available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium status in the soil after harvest of the crop were determined by different methods. Result: The result showed that quality parameter viz., crude protein content, crude protein yield, nutrient content and uptake by grain and straw of hybrid maize were increased with the increased in nitrogen (180 kg N ha-1), phosphorus (60 kg P2O5 ha-1) and potassium (30 kg K2O ha-1) level.
‘Artificial Intelligence’ as an Intelligent Tool for the Future Animal Production and Better Management: A Review
Authors: . Priya , Dutt Triveni , Singh Mukesh , Gaur Gyanendra Kumar , Sahu Vivek
Published: July 2022

With the tremendous increase in human population the demand of milk and meat is also increasing. This necessitates the centralization of animal husbandry sector both in developed and developing countries. More production has to be taken from fewer animals which seem to be possible only with the usage of advanced technologies. Earlier this seems to be impractical due to non-availability of such technologies to the farmers. Nowadays, computational power is very cheap and easily available. Artificial intelligence is one such field of computer science devoted to creating computing machines and systems that perform operations analogous to human learning and decision-making. Artificial intelligence includes the machine learning, deep learning and predictive analytics. With the implementation of various software and algorithms, the production has been increased from the farm animals along with better management and welfare. This paper illustrates the application domains and maneuvering of artificial intelligence in the animal husbandry sector.
Immunohistochemical Identification of Pancreatic Stellate Cells in Developing Pancreas of Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Rajathi S. , Kannan T.A. , Gnanadevi R. , Dharani P. , Ramakrishnan V. , Paramasivan S. , Ramesh Geetha
Published: July 2022

Background: Pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) is now known to play a critical role in pancreatic fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. In health, quiescent PSCs maintain normal tissue architecture. Methods: The immunohistochemistry of the pancreas of guinea pig six animals each from 0-2 weeks, 2-8 weeks, 8-16 weeks and 16-32 weeks age groups irrespective of sex were conducted by procuring the animals from the Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine. Tissues were normally processed and embedded in paraffin and paraffin sections of three micron thickness were cut and immunohistochemistry staining protocol was followed with using primary antibody markers namely GFAP, alpha SMA and vimentin. Result: In guinea pigs of 0-2 weeks of age, quiescent pancreatic stellate cells surrounding the acini showed mild positive vimentin immunoreaction. Mild alpha SMA immunopositive reaction was noticed in the quiescent pancreatic stellate cells of 2-8 weeks, 8-16 weeks and 16-32 weeks of age groups within the pancreatic acini. The star shaped quiescent pancreatic stellate cells in the pancreas were located in the interacinar spaces or periacinar spaces, with elongated cytoplasmic processes. Strong vimentin positive quiescent pancreatic stellate cells were found in the pancreatic acini of 2-8 weeks, 8-16 weeks and 16-32 weeks of age groups.
Response of Super Early Varieties of Pigeonpea to Crop Geometry under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Sujathamma P. , Nedunchezhiyan M. , Naik B. Santhosh Kumar
Published: July 2022

Background: In Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh long duration varieties of pigeonpea (160-180 days) is grown during rabi under rainfed conditions. Late or advancement of north east monsoon, prolonged breaks and early cessation of rainfall may have devastating effects on pigeonpea yield in rainfed areas of Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh even if the mean annual rainfall is normal. In this context, there is a need for introduction of suitable super early varieties of pigeonpea which are ideal even under changing climatic situations, with suitable crop geometry to enhance the yields of pigeonpea. Method: A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2018-19 and 2019-20 at Agricultural Research Station, Podalakur, Sri Potti Sriramulu Nellore andhra Pradesh, to find out the suitable super early variety of pigeonpea and their response to different crop geometries. The present field experiment was laid out in a split plot design with 4 varieties of pigeonpea (V1: ICPL 20338; V2: ICPL 20325; V3: ICPL 11255; V4: LRG 52) as main plot treatments and 3 crop geometries (S1: 30 cm x 15 cm; S2: 45 cm x 15 cm); S3: 60 cm x 15 cm) as subplot treatments and replicated thrice. Results: Super early variety ICPL- 20325 recorded the highest mean grain yield (1098 kg ha-1) among the four varieties of pigeonpea tested. Among the three crop geometries tested significantly the highest grain yield (930 kg ha-1) was recorded at 45 cm x 15 cm. Super early varieties ICPL- 20325 (1256 kg ha-1), ICPL- 11255 (930 kg ha-1) and ICPL- 20338 (817 kg ha-1) recorded higher mean grain yield at crop geometry of 45 cm x 15 cm. LRG-52 (996 kg ha-1) variety recorded higher grain yield at crop geometry of 60 cm x 15 cm.
NEW ASSOCIATION OF WOODED SWAMP WITH ALNUS INCANA WHTHIN THE IRTYSH FLOOD PLAIN (WESTERN SIBERIA)
Authors: Lapshina Elena D.
Published: July 2022

Gray alder Alnus incana (L.) Moench (Betulaceae) in the taiga zone of Western Siberia is a rare species located on the northern and eastern borders of its area. Alnus incana occurs sporadically in the floodplain of the Irtysh [Flora , 1992; Gordeev, 1999; Kapitonova et al., 2017], the Ob River [Taran et al., 2004], and the valleys of small rivers of its left bank tributaries [Lapshina et al., 2018].
A new association Carici juncellaeAlnetum incanae ass. nov. of treed floodplain swamps, with the participation of gray alder (Fig. 1, 2) was described in the right-bank floodplain of the Irtysh River in its lower reaches (60.73 N; 69.81 E). The association combines rare birch-alder-tussock sedge communities of floodplain swamps that develop under conditions of flooding by river waters and moderately rich ground water supply.
Differentiating species combination: Alnus incana, Carex juncella, C. canescens, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonella cuspidata, Climacium dendroides, Haplocladium microphyllum, Lewinskya elegans, Pylaisia polyantha (Table 1).
Communities similar in floristic composition were recently described on the territory of the Malaya Sosva Nature Reserve under the name of ass. Alno incanae-Betuletum pubescentis Lapshina et al. 2018 [Lapshina et al., 2018]. The main difference of the new association is a taller tree layer, the development of a dense layer of gray alder (up to 70%), the dominance of tussock-forming sedges, and the complete absence of Sphagnum mosses (Table 1), caused by differences in the ecological conditions of habitats (more favorable microclimatic conditions, variability of the moistening and higher richness of peat soils in the floodplain of the Irtysh).
The new association is assigned to the alliance Salici pentandraeBetulion pubescentis Clausnitzer in Dengler et al. 2004 (order Salici pentandrae-Betuletalia pubescentis Clausnitzer in Dengler et al. 2004) of the class Alnetea glutinosae Tx. 1937. The order and its central alliance combine low-lying eutrophic and mesoeutrophic birch swamps and swampy low forests of Eurasia fed by ground water and river water.
The good condition of gray alder in the communities of floodplain swamps (high projective cover, flowering, fruiting) allows us to expect a wider distribution of communities of this association in Western Siberia under conditions of climate warming.
The Blue Earth Project: “Is Humanity Settling its own Fate on Ecological Survival?”
Authors: Jheeta Sohan , Chatzitheodoridis Elias , Dominik Martin , Kotsyurbenko4 Oleg , Laine Pauli , Palacios Pérez Miryam , Torres de Farias Sávio , McGrath Kathy , Rezaei Ahya , Nyambuya Golden Gadzirayi , Gupta Vinod , Changela Hitesh , Bhatt Mukesh Chiman , Simpemba Prospery , Gustafson Lowell , Medina Medina Omo , Godoy-Faúndez Alex , Nelson Nathan , Nielsen John Nick , Smith David
Published: July 2022

This is a report from NoRCELs Blue Earth Project symposium BEP2022 held online on January 8th, 2022. We are reporting the outcome pertaining to the following question: Is Humanity Settling its own Fate on Ecological Survival? A succinct conclusion drawn is that the Earth is facing the sixth mass extinction of flora and fauna; this being different from the previous five extinctions, in that it is entirely due to mankinds activities. Five invited eminent speakers delivered their input, highlighting the fact that there is extensive deterioration of the environment at large, coupled with an unprecedented demise of ecosystems leading to the extinction of species across the globe.
The Academic Poster as a Resource to Enhance Cross-Curricular Competences in Higher Education
Authors: Martín Marchante Beatriz , Cerezo Herrero Enrique
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study is to analyse the effectiveness of the academic poster as a pedagogical resource for the promotion of cross-curricular competences in engineering students. This study has been carried out with the participation of 402 students enrolled in different courses at the School of Design Engineering and the School of Telecommunication Engineering during the 2020-21 academic year. The results are drawn from pre-project and post-project questionnaires exploring the learner’s expectations and overall satisfaction upon completion. The authors also discuss project alignment with a number of cross-curricular competences. Although the degree of satisfaction in general has been slightly lower than the participants’ expectations, it should be noted that a high percentage of them value very positively the usefulness of the academic poster in acquiring cross-curricular competences.
Perbandingan Puisi “Doa” Karya Chairil Anwar dan “Tuhanku” Karya Herawati Mansur
Authors: Sti M Ratri , Wulandari Yosi
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kesamaan tema dalam puisi “Doa” karya Chairil Anwar dan puisi “Tuhanku” karya Herawati Mansur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan persamaan dan perbedaan kedua puisi tersebut. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif komparatif. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu puisi “Doa” dari Chairil Anwar dan puisi “Tuhanku” dari Herawati Mansur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan intertekstualitas.  Hasil penelitian ini adalah persamaan dan perbedaan dari kedua puisi tersebut. Persamaanya meliputi penggunaan diksi, majas hiperbola, dan pemaknaan dalam larik puisi.  Sedangkan perbedaannya meliputi judul, larik, dan amanat. Puisi “Doa” memiliki 16 larik sedangkan puisi “Tuhanku” memiliki 18 larik. Puisi “Doa” memiliki amanat mengajak pembaca untuk merenungkan dan menghayati hidup. Sedangkan, puisi “Tuhanku” memiliki amanat sebagai makhluk harus senantiasa patuh dan beriman kepada Tuhan.
LAND GRABBING AS UNLAWFUL ACT
Authors: Susantio Catherine , Tanaya Velliana , Salamintargo Cassey Regina
Published: July 2022

Land cases in Indonesia are one of the most common types of cases in Indonesia. The forms of land cases that often arise are related to land grabbing, namely illegal taking of land belonging to other party. An example of a land grabbing case can be seen in the Supreme Court Decision Number 1071 K/PDT/2020 where the Plaintiff is the rightful owner of a piece of land with property rights in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, Jambi Province as proven by the Certificate of Ownership, but then Defendant I came to take the land belonging to the Plaintiff by constructing a building on the land without a permit and refusing to move even though it has been given a warning, so that the Plaintiff feels aggrieved. Therefore, the author intends to find out how an act can be classified as against the law and what kind of compensation arrangements are in accordance with applicable regulations. The research method used is normative legal research method and the approach used is law approach and case approach. The results showed that land grabbing done by Defendant I could be classified as an act against the law because all the elements had been fulfilled; while related to losses due to unlawful acts in the form of land grabbing, the most appropriate compensation is the return of the Plaintiff’s condition to its original state.
IMPLICATION OF INVESTMENT LEGAL POLITICAL DYNAMICS ON THE INVESTMENT CLIMATE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rohmat Rohmat
Published: July 2022

This article is to analyze and examine the dynamics of investment law politics that can provide legal certainty for investors, both domestic and foreign investors. Legal politics is an integral part in making a statutory regulation. The existence of such legal politics will bring the substance of a regulation into the initial purpose and spirit of the formation of legislation. This research was conducted normatively using secondary data. Secondary data used in the form of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. After the data was obtained in the literature, the data were then analyzed descriptively qualitatively to produce conclusions in this study. The conclusion in this study is that the investment law politics in each era of the old order, new order era, and reform era has its own characteristics according to the developments and demands of the times. In the old order era, the focus was more on finding capital for development and national interests, while in the reform era investment became an additional element in national development. The Job Creation Act brings the spirit of ease in investing.
FINANCIAL REPORTING OBLIGATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH CAPITAL MARKET LAW: AN ACCOUNTANT DILEMMA
Authors: Johan Suwinto , Adam Richard Chandra
Published: July 2022

According to article 68 of the Capital Market Law (CM Law) states that accountants registered with the Financial Services Authority (FSA) who examine the financial statements of issuers and other parties carrying out activities in the capital market are required to submit a confidential notification to the FSA within three days at the latest. The things that may be reported are violations committed against the provisions of the CM Law or its implementing regulations; or things that could endanger the financial condition of the institution or the interests of its customers. When performing audit actions, the auditor that supports the stock market faces a conundrum. the conflict between society’s interests and the company’s objectives. This study aims to examine how accountants can report financial reports that are suspected of violating applicable laws and regulations and the accountant’s dilemma between regulators or the public interest and issuers as the party paying accountants according to the agency theory. This research uses normative juridical method. This study concludes that accountants can report to regulators after obtaining written explanations from the directors so that reporting cannot be done as soon as possible. Accountants in providing an opinion have a dilemma. The originality of this study highlights the need for professionalism and independence in those who support the capital market. In the event of a violation, capital market support specialists, including auditors, are required to notify the authorities. The appropriate authorities should be informed of the audit’s preliminary findings.
COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT IN VIRTUAL CONCERTS
Authors: Ningrat R. Gratikana , Budi Henry Soelistyo
Published: July 2022

So far, technological advances have encouraged the formation of new patterns of life, with creative and innovative ideas, concepts, and thoughts. In the music industry, for example, various digital media and virtual concert venues have developed as a form of breakthrough in dealing with various obstacles due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Virtual concerts are interesting to study because they allow the Author to announce his creation for the first time as the basis for the existence of a Copyright and perform musical performances, including choreographed works. However, on the other hand, it eases other people to fix or record the virtual concert without permission, then distribute it for commercial purposes. In this regard, normatively, the Copyright Law has norms to prohibit such illegal acts. Having said this, this research is addressed to examine how the regulation and implementation of the Copyright Law is for the choreographic works performed in Virtual Music Concerts. The type of research utilizes normative juridical with empirical juridical support. In the perspective of legal certainty, the results of the study conclude that choreographic works do not include works that are managed by the National Collective Management Organization’s potential royalty revenue, as is the case with song and/or musical creations. Therefore, to achieve legal certainty in copyright protection, the authority of the National Collective Management Organization needs to be broadened to include the management of royalties for the use of choreographic works for commercial purposes which has implications for the revision of the Copyright Law and Government Regulation No. 56/2021.
Espondilodiscite: que etiologia?
Authors: Faria Rita , Borges Cláudia , Carrondo Helena , Banza Maria Jesus
Published: July 2022

Spondylodiskitis is a rare condition in adults but with high index of morbidity and mortality due to difficult diagnosis. The insidious evolution and the unspecificity of symptoms interfere with prompt treatment, being the diagnosis based primarily on a high index of suspicion. There are two major groups of spondylodiskitis: pyogenic, being Staphylococcus aureus the most frequent etiological pathogen, and granulomatous, caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Brucella melitensis, both endemic in Portugal. The authors describe two clinical cases of spondylodiskitis, where the etiological investigation proved a challenge. In both cases the combination of clinical and imagiological data contributed to the appropriate empirical treatment, with a favorable clinical outcome.
Hiperprolactinémia em doentes psiquiátricos.
Authors: Carvalho Manuel Maria de , Góis Carlos
Published: July 2022

Hyperprolactinemia is a common, but neglected, adverse effect of conventional antipschycotics and of some of the atypical antipshycotics. It occurs in almost 42% of men and in 75% of women with schizophrenia who are treated with prolactin-raising antipshycotics, even though it has aroused minimal interest within the scientific community when compared with extra-pyramidal effects. Conventional antipsychotics and some of the atypical antipsychotics, such as risperidone, paliperidone, amisulpride and zotepine, are frequently associated with the raise in prolactin plasma levels. Because of this increment in prolactin secretion, they are usually known as prolactin-raising antipshycotics. On the contrary, some of the atypical antipsychotics, such as clozapine, quetiapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole and ziprazidone, have a minimal or no significant effect in prolactin levels, being known as prolactin-sparing antipsychotics. Hyperprolactinemia clinical symptoms include gynaecomastia, galactorrhoea, menstrual irregularities, infertility, sexual dysfunction, acne and hirsutism. Some of these symptoms are due to the prolactin direct action in body tissues, while a couple of them can be due to a hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis dysregulation mediated by the elevation of prolactin. Some studies seem to point the evidence of an association between hyperprolactinemia and long-term consequences, such as bone mineral density decrement and breast cancer. However, these results must be confirmed through further studies. Antipsychotic treatment is the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia in psychiatric patients. However, the evidence of a prolactin increased plasma level demands the differential diagnosis with other pathologies, such as hyphotalamic and pituitary neoplasic disease. The management of a patient with antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia must be adapted to each patient and it may include a reduction in the dosage of the offending antipsychotic, switching to a prolactin-sparing antipsychotic or the use of a dopamine receptor agonist, such as bromocriptine, cabergoline and amantadine. Given the osteopenic and osteoporosis risk, combined oral contraceptives must be considered in female patients in fertile age which have amenorrhoea for at least a one year period. With the exception of the Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines and the National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, none of the current international psychiatric guidelines recommend a routine baseline prolactin determination, neither periodic prolactin levels without the presence of any hyperprolactinemia symptoms.
Validação do instrumento de avaliação do luto prolongado para a população portuguesa.
Authors: Delalibera Mayra , Coelho Alexandra , Barbosa António
Published: July 2022

This study aims to validate the Portuguese population the instrument PG-13 (Prolonged Grief Disorder), created by Prigerson et al. (2007) for diagnosis of prolonged grief, whose criteria are: the experience of loss generating intense longing and yearning for the deceased that extends for a period exceeding six months; emotional, cognitive and behavioral symptoms, dysfunction and meaningful life social and occupational functioning. The population includes 102 caregivers of patients accompanied by Support Team Palliative Care, Hospital Santa Maria. The participants are mostly female (82.4%) with mean age of 58.87 (SD: 13.41) and range between 15 and 84 years. Most respondents are widowed (62.1%), and 93.2% of these people are mourning the loss of a spouse. The second largest group of subjects corresponds to married persons (29.5%) who lost one of the parental figures (64.3%) and brothers (14.3%). Deceased family members have an average age of 68.68 (SD: 11.50), with amplitude between 27 and 89 years. The gender distribution in the group of deceased patients are 57.8% male and 42.2 % female. The internal consistency in the instrument is considered very good (a=.932). We found that 22.5% of the population manifests symptoms of prolonged grief. There were no significant differences in terms of socio-demographic variables or in the circumstances of illness and death. Prolonged Grief Disorder is more prevalent in female subjects (91.3%), widowed (68.2%) and in cases where the deceased was being the spouse (65.2%).
A medicação crónica no período perioperatório: perfil de utilização e gestão de risco.
Authors: Castanheira Liliana , Palmeiro Ana , Fresco Paula , Macedo Ana Filipa
Published: July 2022

Currently, an increasing number of surgeries are performed in an older and higher risk population, due to the inherent comorbidity and polypharmacy associated with this population group. The characterization of drug usage profiles in the perioperative period is critically needed to understand the nature of adverse events and to achieve a more efficient iatrogenic risk management.During 1 year, all adult patients (>18 years) consecutively admitted for elective surgery at "Cova da Beira" Hospital Center (CHCB) were included in the study. The demographic characteristics, and data on chronic medication use and their administration to the patients in study, in the perioperative period were collected.A total of 404 patients were evaluated. The majority of patients (69.9%) were taking chronic medication (mean 2.5 by admission), mainly "anti-hypertensive" (58.5%) and "psychotropics" (33.5%). 973 drugs were registered as chronic medication. 79.1% of these drugs were withdrawn before the surgery, 10.7% were continued and 7.7% were replaced for another drug of the same therapeutic group.The majority of patients, admitted for general surgery, take chronic medications, which were withdrawn before surgery, in the majority of cases. Additional assessment of perioperative complications, as result of drug withdrawal, is urgently needed for surgical therapeutic management.
Características sócio-demográficas das puérperas e seguimento da gravidez: o que mudou em 17 anos?
Authors: Santos Vera , Moura Márcio , Pinto João Paulo , Almeida Vítor , Maio José
Published: July 2022

In recent years, the time for motherhood has been postponed, which is related to social aspects and can lead to health problems for the pregnant women and the child. An appropriate follow-up of the pregnancy is essential for identification and early treatment of possible complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate some social and demographic characteristics and the pregnancy follow-up among puerperas, in two different times separated by 17 years (1991 e 2008). In this study, we found that the birth of a first child occurs now later, is more planned and happens more frequently outside of marriage. The postponement of motherhood can be associated with an increased rate of miscarriages. There has been a decrease in the rate of induced abortions, which is probably the result of the implementation of strategies for family planning. We noticed a decline in the number of pregnancies that had not a proper follow-up, demonstrating the improvement of health care. The immigrant population is responsible for about one quarter of the births in the Algarve, with a higher percentage of unplanned pregnancies, which eventually might be related to socio-economic vulnerabilities, but no difference was found in the surveillance of pregnancy, demonstrating a good accessibility of this population to health care. It is essential the existence of information about the risks of a late pregnancy and of social infrastructures to support motherhood at younger ages. Pregnancy surveillance programs have been successful, but there are still gaps in obstetric monitoring. Despite good results in terms of surveillance of pregnancy, the immigrant population may present some vulnerabilities, which means that their access to maternal and child health care should be monitored.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: The Experience of Coimbra’s Burn Unit
Authors: Pinheiro Susana , Carvalho Ricardo , Ramos Sara , Diogo Carla , Caetano Marisa , Cabral Luís , Cruzeiro Celso
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis is a drug-induced life-threatening systemic disease, characterized by extensive dermoepidermal detachment and mucositis. At least 95% of cases are believed to be drug-induced. SCORTEN is a scoring system used to stratify severity and predict mortality. Treatment demands immediate withdrawal of the causative drug and early transfer to a burn centre for specific and intensive care.Material and Methods: Authors have performed a retrospective study of 21 consecutive patients with SJS/ Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis admitted in the Burn Centre of Coimbra’s University Hospital, between January 1999 and December 2010, and have compared the actual mortality rate with that predicted by SCORTEN, in order to assess the predictive capacity of SCORTEN. Analysis of results andtreatment options were conducted. Data were analysed in SPSS 17.0®.Results: Thirteen females (61.9%) and 8 males (38.1%) were treated, mean age 55.6 ± 23.7 years and with a mean of 51% ± 22.4% epidermal detachment. The overall observed mortality rate was 47.6% and the one predicted by SCORTEN 42.2%. Immediate withdrawal of the causative drug and early transfer of the patient to our burn centre were the basis of treatment.Conclusion: Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis pathophysiology remains to be clarified and no specific treatment has unequivocally proven to be effective. SCORTEN seems to be an accurate scoring system for estimation of mortality rate.
Perspetivas sobre o Presente e Futuro dos Registos Eletrónicos de Saúde em Portugal
Authors: Portela Diana , Frade Samuel , Patrício Patrícia , Cruz-Correia Ricardo
Published: July 2022

N/a.
Evolução do Risco Residual Infeccioso para o VIH, VHC e VHB, nas Dádivas de Sangue do Centro Hospitalar de S. João, entre os Anos de 1999 e 2010
Authors: Koch Carmo , Araújo Fernando
Published: July 2022

Introdução/Objectivo: A monitorização do risco residual infeccioso pela transfusão, é importante pois permite avaliar a melhoria alcançada na segurança das dádivas de sangue e adoptar políticas adequadas de redução dos riscos. Este estudo calcula as estimativas da taxa de incidência e do risco residual infeccioso para as infecções pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH), vírus da hepatite B (VHB) e vírus da hepatite C (VHC), entre 1999 e 2010. Os dados foram analisados em períodos de quatro anos (1999-2002, 2003-2006 e 2007-2010) e as estimativas foram comparadas com as obtidas previamente, para dádivas ocorridas entre 1991 e 1998.Material e Métodos: O estudo incluiu 209 640 colheitas de sangue, provenientes de 42 634 dadores regulares, voluntários e não remunerados. Para o cálculo do risco residual infeccioso, utilizamos o modelo matemático taxa de incidência-período de janela, descrito por Schreiber et al. Todas as dádivas foram rastreadas de acordo com a legislação portuguesa. Em Janeiro de 2001 foi implementado, em todas as dádivas de sangue, o teste de ácidos nucleicos em minipool, para o rastreio simultâneo de ácido ribonucleico (ARN) VIH-1 e VHC (Cobas Amplicor Ampliscreen-Roche©) o qual foi substituído, em Janeiro de 2007, pelo rastreio simultâneo de ácido desoxirribonucleico VHB e de ácido ribonucleico VHC e VIH-1/VIH-2, em minipool (Cobas TaqScreen MPX Test-Roche©).Resultados: O risco residual infeccioso de uma dádiva em período de janela é muito reduzido e tem diminuído ao longo dos anos. Após a implementação de teste de ácidos nucleicos em minipool para os três vírus, a probabilidade de colhermos uma dádiva infecciosa e não detectada pelos testes de rastreio foi de 1/1,67 milhões de dádivas para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana, de 1/3,33 milhões para o vírus da hepatite C e de 1/526 000 para o vírus da hepatite B.Conclusões: Durante os 12 anos em estudo verificamos uma diminuição do risco residual infeccioso de cinco vezes para o vírus da imunodeficiência humana e vírus da hepatite B, e de 32 vezes para o vírus da hepatite C. Se compararmos o período 1991-1998 com o último período do estudo, 2007-2010, ou seja, durante 20 anos, a diminuição é relevante, verificando-se uma diminuição do risco para vírus da imunodeficiência humana, vírus da hepatite B e vírus da hepatite C, na ordem de 19, seis e 54 vezes respectivamente.
Differences in Microbiological Profile between Community-Acquired, Healthcare-Associated and Hospital-Acquired Infections
Authors: Cardoso Teresa , Ribeiro Orquídea , Aragão Irene , Costa-Pereira Altamiro , Sarmento António
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Microbiological profiles were analysed and compared for intra-abdominal, urinary, respiratory and bloodstream infections according to place of acquisition: community-acquired, with a separate analysis of healthcare-associated, and hospital-acquired.Material and Methods: Prospective cohort study performed at a university tertiary care hospital over 1 year. Inclusion criteria were meeting the Centers for Disease Control definition of intra-abdominal, urinary, respiratory and bloodstream infections.Results: A total of 1035 patients were included in the study. More than 25% of intra-abdominal infections were polymicrobial; multi-drug resistant gram-negatives were 38% in community-acquired, 50% in healthcare-associated and 57% in hospital-acquired. E. coli was the most prevalent among urinary infections: 69% in community-acquired, 56% in healthcare-associated and 26% in hospital-acquired; ESBL producers’ pathogens were 10% in healthcare-associated and 3% in community-acquired and hospital-acquired. In respiratoryinfections Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most prevalent in community-acquired (54%) and MRSA in healthcare-associated (24%) and hospital-acquired (24%). A significant association was found between MRSA respiratory infection and hospitalization in the previous year (adjusted OR = 6.3), previous instrumentation (adjusted OR = 4.3) and previous antibiotic therapy (adjusted OR = 5.7); no cases were documented among patients without risk factors. Hospital mortality rate was 10% in community-acquired, 14% in healthcare-associated and 19% in hospital-acquired infection.Discussion and Conclusion: This study shows that healthcare-associated has a different microbiologic profile than those from community or hospital acquired for the four main focus of infection. Knowledge of this fact is important because the existing guidelines for community-acquired are not entirely applicable for this group of patients.
Fim de Vida em Neonatologia: Integração dos Cuidados Paliativos
Authors: Soares Célia , Rodrigues Manuela , Rocha Gustavo , Martins Angelina , Guimarães Hercília
Published: July 2022

Introdução: A limitação terapêutica e a implementação dos cuidados paliativos em Neonatologia revestem-se de extrema relevância na atualidade e são já uma realidade com tendência crescente em vários países. Não obstante, em Portugal, os estudos, recomendações e protocolos oficiais no que diz respeito às questões em fim de vida são ainda escassos.Material e Métodos: Analisamos retrospetivamente os processos clínicos dos recém-nascidos falecidos na Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos do Centro Hospitalar de São João no período de 2010 a 2012 e comparamos os resultados com os obtidos num estudo realizado na mesma Unidade correspondente aos períodos 1992-1995 e 2002-2005.Resultados: Na população estudada as anomalias congénitas foram a causa de morte em 57,1% casos, a prematuridade extrema em 18,4% casos e a infeção em 16,3%. No que refere ao ‘modo de morrer’, a paragem cardiorrespiratória irreversível às manobras de reanimação observou-se em 57,1% casos; 20,4% faleceram após abstenção de tratamento e 22,4% após suspensão de tratamento. Verificaram-se diferenças significativas para o ‘modo de morrer’ e as variáveis tempo de internamento e presença dos pais no momento da morte. Em 28,6% casos houve registo de tomada de decisão pela limitação terapêutica e adoção de cuidados paliativos e em 16,3% decisão de não reanimar. Para as duas últimas registou-se um aumento ao longo das três décadas analisadas. Também se registou uma tendência crescente para a utilização de escala de avaliação de dor neonatal, opióides e sedativos, presença parental no momento da morte, reuniões entre pais e neonatologistas, reuniões interdisciplinares e apoio psicológico aos pais.Conclusão: Este estudo revela uma tendência crescente para a integração de medidas de limitação terapêutica e de cuidados paliativos na UCIN estudada. Contudo, há ainda muito a desenvolver, nomeadamente no que refere à investigação, formação dos profissionais e debate ético.
Aspectos imagiológicos da trombose venosa cerebral numa mulher grávida.
Authors: Ferreira Maria Madalena , Rios Ana Cristina , Fragata Isabel , Baptista José Tiago , Manaças Rui , Reis João
Published: July 2022

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a relatively rare but serious condition potentially reversible upon accurate diagnosis and adequate therapy. The peri-partum state and pregnancy are predisposing factors and TVC accounts for about 6% of maternal deaths. Its clinical symptoms depend on the the thrombus site and extension, and also on the existing collateral vessels network. We present the case of a 33 year-old woman, 13 weeks pregnant, that complained of headaches and whose cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed a subtotal oclusión of the superior sagittal sinus. We discuss the imaging features of dural venous thrombosis in the acute phase.