bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solution-processed intermediate-band solar cells with lead sulfide quantum dots and lead halide perovskites
Authors: Hosokawa Hiroji , Tamaki Ryo , Sawada Takuya , Okonogi Akinori , Sato Haruyuki , Ogomi Yuhei , Hayase Shuzi , Okada Yoshitaka , Yano Toshihiro
Published: December 2018

The intermediate-band solar cell (IBSC) with quantum dots and a bulk semiconductor matrix has potential for high power conversion efficiency, exceeding the Shockley-Queisser limit. However, the IBSCs reported to date have been fabricated only by dry process and their efficiencies are limited, because their photo-absorption layers have low particle density of quantum dots, defects due to lattice strain, and low bandgap energy of bulk semiconductors. Here we present solution-processed IBSCs containing photo-absorption layers where lead sulfide quantum dots are densely dispersed in methylammonium lead bromide perovskite matrices with a high bandgap energy of 2.3 eV under undistorted conditions. We confirm that the present IBSCs exhibit two-step photon absorption via intermediate-band at room temperature by inter-subband photocurrent spectroscopy.
The signaling axis atypical protein kinase C λ/ι-Satb2 mediates leukemic transformation of B-cell progenitors
Authors: Nayak R. C. , Hegde S. , Althoff M. J. , Wellendorf A. M. , Mohmoud F. , Perentesis J. , Reina-Campos M. , Reynaud D. , Zheng Y. , Diaz-Meco M. T. , Moscat J. , Cancelas J. A.
Published: December 2018

Epigenetically regulated transcriptional plasticity has been proposed as a mechanism of differentiation arrest and resistance to therapy. BCR-ABL leukemias result from leukemic stem cell/progenitor transformation and represent an opportunity to identify epigenetic progress contributing to lineage leukemogenesis. Primary human and murine BCR-ABL+ leukemic progenitors have increased activation of Cdc42 and the downstream atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). While the isoform aPKCζ behaves as a leukemic suppressor, aPKCλ/ι is critically required for oncogenic progenitor proliferation, survival, and B-cell differentiation arrest, but not for normal B-cell lineage differentiation. In vitro and in vivo B-cell transformation by BCR-ABL requires the downregulation of key genes in the B-cell differentiation program through an aPKC λ/ι-Erk dependent Etv5/Satb2 chromatin repressive signaling complex. Genetic or pharmacological targeting of aPKC impairs human oncogenic addicted leukemias. Therefore, the aPKCλ/ι-SATB2 signaling cascade is required for leukemic BCR-ABL+ B-cell progenitor transformation and is amenable to non-tyrosine kinase inhibition.
Lattice engineering enables definition of molecular features allowing for potent small-molecule inhibition of HIV-1 entry
Authors: Lai Yen-Ting , Wang Tao , O’Dell Sijy , Louder Mark K. , Schön Arne , Cheung Crystal S. F. , Chuang Gwo-Yu , Druz Aliaksandr , Lin Bob , McKee Krisha , Peng Dongjun , Yang Yongping , Zhang Baoshan , Herschhorn Alon , Sodroski Joseph , Bailer Robert T. , Doria-Rose Nicole A. , Mascola John R. , Langley David R. , Kwong Peter D.
Published: December 2018

Diverse entry inhibitors targeting the gp120 subunit of the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer have been developed including BMS-626529, also called temsavir, a prodrug version of which is currently in phase III clinical trials. Here we report the characterization of a panel of small-molecule inhibitors including BMS-818251, which we show to be >10-fold more potent than temsavir on a cross-clade panel of 208-HIV-1 strains, as well as the engineering of a crystal lattice to enable structure determination of the interaction between these inhibitors and the HIV-1 Env trimer at higher resolution. By altering crystallization lattice chaperones, we identify a lattice with both improved diffraction and robust co-crystallization of HIV-1 Env trimers from different clades complexed to entry inhibitors with a range of binding affinities. The improved diffraction reveals BMS-818251 to utilize functional groups that interact with gp120 residues from the conserved β20-β21 hairpin to improve potency.
Three-dimensional monolithic integration in flexible printed organic transistors
Authors: Kwon Jimin , Takeda Yasunori , Shiwaku Rei , Tokito Shizuo , Cho Kilwon , Jung Sungjune
Published: December 2018

Direct printing of thin-film transistors has enormous potential for ubiquitous and lightweight wearable electronic applications. However, advances in printed integrated circuits remain very rare. Here we present a three-dimensional (3D) integration approach to achieve technology scaling in printed transistor density, analogous to Moore’s law driven by lithography, as well as enhancing device performance. To provide a proof of principle for the approach, we demonstrate the scalable 3D integration of dual-gate organic transistors on plastic foil by printing with high yield, uniformity, and year-long stability. In addition, the 3D stacking of three complementary transistors enables us to propose a programmable 3D logic array as a new route to design printed flexible digital circuitry essential for the emerging applications. The 3D monolithic integration strategy demonstrated here is applicable to other emerging printable materials, such as carbon nanotubes, oxide semiconductors and 2D semiconducting materials.
Planetary-scale streak structure reproduced in high-resolution simulations of the Venus atmosphere with a low-stability layer
Authors: Kashimura Hiroki , Sugimoto Norihiko , Takagi Masahiro , Matsuda Yoshihisa , Ohfuchi Wataru , Enomoto Takeshi , Nakajima Kensuke , Ishiwatari Masaki , Sato Takao M. , Hashimoto George L. , Satoh Takehiko , Takahashi Yoshiyuki O. , Hayashi Yoshi-Yuki
Published: December 2018

Cloud patterns are important clues for revealing the atmospheric circulation of Venus. Recently, a planetary-scale streak structure has been discovered in middle- and lower-cloud images of Venus’ night-side taken by IR2, the 2-μm camera, on board the Akatsuki orbiter. However, its formation mechanism has not been investigated. Here we succeed, for the first time, in reproducing the patterns of the observed streak structure, as regions of strong downward flows that develop in high-resolution global simulations of the Venus atmosphere. The streaks are formed in both hemispheres with equatorial symmetry, which is caused by equatorial Rossby-like and Kelvin-like waves with zonal wavenumber one. The low-stability layer that has been suggested by past observations is essential for reproducing the streak structure. The streaks of downward flow result from the interaction of the meridionally tilted phase lines of the Rossby-like waves and the characteristics of baroclinic instability produced around the low-stability layer.
Ultrasensitive detection of miRNA with an antimonene-based surface plasmon resonance sensor
Authors: Xue Tianyu , Liang Weiyuan , Li Yawen , Sun Yuanhui , Xiang Yuanjiang , Zhang Yupeng , Dai Zhigao , Duo Yanhong , Wu Leiming , Qi Kun , Shivananju Bannur Nanjunda , Zhang Lijun , Cui Xiaoqiang , Zhang Han , Bao Qiaoliang
Published: December 2018

MicroRNA exhibits differential expression levels in cancer and can affect cellular transformation, carcinogenesis and metastasis. Although fluorescence techniques using dye molecule labels have been studied, label-free molecular-level quantification of miRNA is extremely challenging. We developed a surface plasmon resonance sensor based on two-dimensional nanomaterial of antimonene for the specific label-free detection of clinically relevant biomarkers such as miRNA-21 and miRNA-155. First-principles energetic calculations reveal that antimonene has substantially stronger interaction with ssDNA than the graphene that has been previously used in DNA molecule sensing, due to thanking for more delocalized 5s/5p orbitals in antimonene. The detection limit can reach 10 aM, which is 2.3–10,000 times higher than those of existing miRNA sensors. The combination of not-attempted-before exotic sensing material and SPR architecture represents an approach to unlocking the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA and DNA and provides a promising avenue for the early diagnosis, staging, and monitoring of cancer.
Retrotranspositional landscape of Asian rice revealed by 3000 genomes
Authors: Carpentier Marie-Christine , Manfroi Ernandes , Wei Fu-Jin , Wu Hshin-Ping , Lasserre Eric , Llauro Christel , Debladis Emilie , Akakpo Roland , Hsing Yue-Ie , Panaud Olivier
Published: December 2018

The recent release of genomic sequences for 3000 rice varieties provides access to the genetic diversity at species level for this crop. We take advantage of this resource to unravel some features of the retrotranspositional landscape of rice. We develop software TRACKPOSON specifically for the detection of transposable elements insertion polymorphisms (TIPs) from large datasets. We apply this tool to 32 families of retrotransposons and identify more than 50,000 TIPs in the 3000 rice genomes. Most polymorphisms are found at very low frequency, suggesting that they may have occurred recently in agro. A genome-wide association study shows that these activations in rice may be triggered by external stimuli, rather than by the alteration of genetic factors involved in transposable element silencing pathways. Finally, the TIPs dataset is used to trace the origin of rice domestication. Our results suggest that rice originated from three distinct domestication events.
Author Correction: Surgical Standards for Management of the Axilla in Breast Cancer Clinical Trials with Pathological Complete Response Endpoint
Authors: Boughey Judy C. , Alvarado Michael D. , Lancaster Rachael B. , Symmans W. Fraser , Mukhtar Rita , Wong Jasmine M. , Ewing Cheryl A. , Potter David A. , Tuttle Todd M. , Hieken Tina J. , Carter Jodi M. , Jakub James W. , Kaplan Henry G. , Buchanan Claire L. , Jaskowiak Nora T. , Sattar Husain A. , Mueller Jeffrey , Nanda Rita , Isaacs Claudine J. , Pohlmann Paula R. , Lynce Filipa , Tousimis Eleni A. , Zeck Jay C. , Lee M. Catherine , Lang Julie E. , Mhawech-Fauceglia Paulette , Rao Roshni , Taback Bret , Goodellas Constantine , Chen Margaret , Kalinsky Kevin M. , Hibshoosh Hanina , Killelea Brigid , Sanft Tara , Hirst Gillian L. , Asare Smita , Matthews Jeffrey B. , Perlmutter Jane , Esserman Laura J. ,   I-SPY2 Investigators, Chien A. Jo , Forero-Torres Andres , Yee Douglas , Ellis Erin D. , Han Heather S. , Lu Janice , Wallace Anne M. , Albain Kathy S. , Elias Anthony D. , Clark Amy S. , Kemmer Kathleen
Published: December 2018

In the original version of the published article, Constantine Godellas was mistakenly omitted from the Author list and Author Contributions statement. Constantine Godellas has been added as the 29th Author, and is affiliated with Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States. The author contributions statement has been updated as follows: “Author Contributions Statement: Judy C. Boughey conducted the review of current protocols, led the effort to establish new I-SPY standards and was the principal author of the manuscript. Laura Esserman co-led the review and standardization processes. Michael D. Alvarado, Rachael B. Lancaster, Fraser Symmans, W, Rita Mukhtar, Jasmine Wong, Cheryl Ewing, David Potter, Todd Tuttle, Tina Hieken, Jodi Carter, James Jakub, Henry Kaplan, Claire Buchanan, Nora Jaskowiak, Husain Sattar, Jeffrey Mueller, Rita Nanda, Claudine Isaacs, Paula Pohlmann, Filipa Lynce, Eleni Tousimis, Jay Zeck, M. Catherine Lee, Julie Lang, Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia, Roshni Rao, Bret Taback, Margaret Chen, Kevin Kalinsky, Hanina Hibshoosh, Brigid Killelea, Constantine Godellas, and Tara Sanft provided medical and scientific expertise/opinion towards the development of I-SPY standards. Jane Perlmutter provided the patient advocate’s perspective in these discussions. All I-SPY2 trial investigators participated in the review of current standards, had the opportunity to participate in and comment on proposed standards and the final manuscript. Gill Hirst and Smita Asare provided expertise on, conducted and analyzed surveys of I-SPY trial sites. Jeffrey B. Matthews provided significant input and editing throughout the manuscript development process. All authors reviewed manuscript drafts and signed off on the final manuscript. This has been corrected in the HTML and PDF version of the article.
Transition from source- to stress-controlled plasticity in nanotwinned materials below a softening temperature
Authors: Taheri Mousavi Seyedeh Mohadeseh , Zhou Haofei , Zou Guijin , Gao Huajian
Published: December 2018

Nanotwinned materials have been widely studied as a promising class of nanostructured materials that exhibit an exceptional combination of high strength, good ductility, large fracture toughness, remarkable fatigue resistance, and creep stability. Recently, an apparent controversy has emerged with respect to how the strength of nanotwinned materials varies as the twin thickness is reduced. While a transition from hardening to softening was observed in nanotwinned Cu when the twin thickness is reduced below a critical value, continuous hardening was reported in nanotwinned ceramics and nanotwinned diamond. Here, by conducting atomistic simulations and developing a theoretical modeling of nanotwinned Pd and Cu systems, we discovered that there exists a softening temperature, below which the material hardens continuously as the twin thickness is reduced (as in nanotwinned ceramics and diamond), while above which the strength first increases and then decreases, exhibiting a maximum strength and a hardening to softening transition at a critical twin thickness (as in nanotwinned Cu). This important phenomenon has been attributed to a transition from source- to stress-controlled plasticity below the softening temperature, and suggests that different hardening behaviors may exist even in the same nanotwinned material depending on the temperature and that at a given temperature, different materials could exhibit different hardening behaviors depending on their softening temperature.
The role of decomposition reactions in assessing first-principles predictions of solid stability
Authors: Bartel Christopher J. , Weimer Alan W. , Lany Stephan , Musgrave Charles B. , Holder Aaron M.
Published: December 2018

The performance of density functional theory approximations for predicting materials thermodynamics is typically assessed by comparing calculated and experimentally determined enthalpies of formation from elemental phases, ΔHf. However, a compound competes thermodynamically with both other compounds and their constituent elemental forms, and thus, the enthalpies of the decomposition reactions to these competing phases, ΔHd, determine thermodynamic stability. We evaluated the phase diagrams for 56,791 compounds to classify decomposition reactions into three types: 1. those that produce elemental phases, 2. those that produce compounds, and 3. those that produce both. This analysis shows that the decomposition into elemental forms is rarely the competing reaction that determines compound stability and that approximately two-thirds of decomposition reactions involve no elemental phases. Using experimentally reported formation enthalpies for 1012 solid compounds, we assess the accuracy of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) (PBE) and meta-GGA (SCAN) density functionals for predicting compound stability. For 646 decomposition reactions that are not trivially the formation reaction, PBE (mean absolute difference between theory and experiment (MAD) = 70 meV/atom) and SCAN (MAD = 59 meV/atom) perform similarly, and commonly employed correction schemes using fitted elemental reference energies make only a negligible improvement (~2 meV/atom). Furthermore, for 231 reactions involving only compounds (Type 2), the agreement between SCAN, PBE, and experiment is within ~35 meV/atom and is thus comparable to the magnitude of experimental uncertainty.
Evolution of the low-temperature Fermi surface of superconducting FeSe1−xSx across a nematic phase transition
Authors: Coldea Amalia I. , Blake Samuel F. , Kasahara Shigeru , Haghighirad Amir A. , Watson Matthew D. , Knafo William , Choi Eun Sang , McCollam Alix , Reiss Pascal , Yamashita Takuya , Bruma Mara , Speller Susannah C. , Matsuda Yuji , Wolf Thomas , Shibauchi Takasada , Schofield Andrew J.
Published: December 2018

The existence of a nematic phase transition in iron-chalcogenide superconductors poses an intriguing question about its impact on superconductivity. To understand the nature of this unique quantum phase transition, it is essential to study how the electronic structure changes across this transition at low temperatures. Here, we investigate the evolution of the Fermi surfaces and electronic interactions across the nematic phase transition of FeSe1−xSx using Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in high magnetic fields up to 45 T in the low temperature regime down to 0.4 K. Most of the Fermi surfaces of FeSe1−xSx monotonically increase in size except for a prominent low frequency oscillation associated with a small, but highly mobile band, which disappears at the nematic phase boundary near x ~ 0.17, indicative of a topological Lifshitz transition. The quasiparticle masses are larger inside the nematic phase, indicative of a strongly correlated state, but they become suppressed outside it. The experimentally observed changes in the Fermi surface topology, together with the varying degree of electronic correlations, will change the balance of electronic interactions in the multi-band system FeSe1−xSx and promote different kz-dependent superconducting pairing channels inside and outside the nematic phase.
Utility of the JAX Clinical Knowledgebase in capture and assessment of complex genomic cancer data
Authors: Patterson Sara E. , Statz Cara M. , Yin Taofei , Mockus Susan M.
Published: December 2018

Cancer genomic data is continually growing in complexity, necessitating improved methods for data capture and analysis. Tumors often contain multiple therapeutically relevant alterations, and co-occurring alterations may have a different influence on therapeutic response compared to if those alterations were present alone. One clinically important example of this is the existence of a resistance conferring alteration in combination with a therapeutic sensitizing mutation. The JAX Clinical Knowledgebase (JAX-CKB) (https://ckb.jax.org/) has incorporated the concept of the complex molecular profile, which enables association of therapeutic efficacy data with multiple genomic alterations simultaneously. This provides a mechanism for rapid and accurate assessment of complex cancer-related data, potentially aiding in streamlined clinical decision making. Using the JAX-CKB, we demonstrate the utility of associating data with complex profiles comprising ALK fusions with another variant, which have differing impacts on sensitivity to various ALK inhibitors depending on context.
Conventional analysis of movement on non-flat surfaces like the plasma membrane makes Brownian motion appear anomalous
Authors: Adler Jeremy , Sintorn Ida-Maria , Strand Robin , Parmryd Ingela
Published: December 2018

Cells are neither flat nor smooth, which has serious implications for prevailing plasma membrane models and cellular processes like cell signalling, adhesion and molecular clustering. Using probability distributions from diffusion simulations, we demonstrate that 2D and 3D Euclidean distance measurements substantially underestimate diffusion on non-flat surfaces. Intuitively, the shortest within surface distance (SWSD), the geodesic distance, should reduce this problem. The SWSD is accurate for foldable surfaces but, although it outperforms 2D and 3D Euclidean measurements, it still underestimates movement on deformed surfaces. We demonstrate that the reason behind the underestimation is that topographical features themselves can produce both super- and subdiffusion, i.e. the appearance of anomalous diffusion. Differentiating between topography-induced and genuine anomalous diffusion requires characterising the surface by simulating Brownian motion on high-resolution cell surface images and a comparison with the experimental data.
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-2 stabilizes Epcam and maintains epithelial organization in the mouse intestine
Authors: Kawaguchi Makiko , Yamamoto Koji , Takeda Naoki , Fukushima Tsuyoshi , Yamashita Fumiki , Sato Katsuaki , Kitamura Kenichiro , Hippo Yoshitaka , Janetka James W. , Kataoka Hiroaki
Published: December 2018

Mutations in SPINT2 encoding the epithelial serine protease inhibitor hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-2 (HAI-2) are associated with congenital tufting enteropathy. However, the functions of HAI-2 in vivo are poorly understood. Here we used tamoxifen-induced Cre-LoxP recombination in mice to ablate Spint2. Mice lacking Spint2 died within 6 days after initiating tamoxifen treatment and showed severe epithelial damage in the whole intestinal tracts, and, to a lesser extent, the extrahepatic bile duct. The intestinal epithelium showed enhanced exfoliation, villous atrophy, enterocyte tufts and elongated crypts. Organoid crypt culture indicated that Spint2 ablation induced Epcam cleavage with decreased claudin-7 levels and resulted in organoid rupture. These organoid changes could be rescued by addition of serine protease inhibitors aprotinin, camostat mesilate and matriptase-selective α-ketobenzothiazole as well as by co-deletion of Prss8, encoding the serine protease prostasin. These results indicate that HAI-2 is an essential cellular inhibitor for maintaining intestinal epithelium architecture.
A scientometric review of genome-wide association studies
Authors: Mills Melinda C. , Rahal Charles
Published: December 2018

This scientometric review of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from 2005 to 2018 (3639 studies; 3508 traits) reveals extraordinary increases in sample sizes, rates of discovery and traits studied. A longitudinal examination shows fluctuating ancestral diversity, still predominantly European Ancestry (88% in 2017) with 72% of discoveries from participants recruited from three countries (US, UK, Iceland). US agencies, primarily NIH, fund 85% and women are less often senior authors. We generate a unique GWAS H-Index and reveal a tight social network of prominent authors and frequently used data sets. We conclude with 10 evidence-based policy recommendations for scientists, research bodies, funders, and editors.
Stereochemical inversion as a route to improved biophysical properties of therapeutic peptides exemplified by glucagon
Authors: Mroz Piotr A. , Perez-Tilve Diego , Mayer John P. , DiMarchi Richard D.
Published: December 2018

Peptides and small proteins are attractive therapeutic candidates due to their inherent selectivity and limited off-target effects. Unfortunately, their potential is often hindered by unfavorable physicochemical properties. This is particularly true in the case of glucagon, a peptide indispensable in the treatment of life-threatening hypoglycemia. Glucagon displays extremely low solubility in physiological buffers and suffers chemical degradation when the pH is adjusted in either direction. Here we systematically examine site-specific stereochemical inversion as a means to enhance aqueous solubility and stability, yet not diminish bio-potency or pharmacodynamics. We report several analogs that maintain full biological activity with substantially increased aqueous solubility, and resistance to fibrillation. We conclude that d-amino acids offer an attractive option for biophysical optimization of therapeutic peptides.
Unveiling the n→π* interactions in dipeptides
Authors: León I. , Alonso E. R. , Cabezas C. , Mata S. , Alonso J. L.
Published: December 2018

Numerous studies have suggested that the n→π* interactions between carbonyls could contribute significantly to the stability of proteins. Nevertheless, their evaluation is challenging because of the solvent environment or crystal packing forces in solids. Here we study the rotational spectrum of HGlyProOH dipeptide, a very common sequence found in collagen, the most abundant protein in vertebrates, in isolated conditions. Three different structures are unequivocally characterized in the gas phase. Interestingly, the most abundant structure is stabilized by an n→π* interaction and adopts the same conformation as is found in crystalline collagen. This observation serves to support the importance of the n→π* interactions between carbonyl groups.
Atomistics of pre-nucleation layering of liquid metals at the interface with poor nucleants
Authors: Ma Sida , Brown Adam J. , Yan Rui , Davidchack Ruslan L. , Howes Paul B. , Nicklin Chris , Zhai Qijie , Jing Tao , Dong Hongbiao
Published: December 2018

Liquid layering at heterogeneous solid/liquid interfaces is a general phenomenon, which provides structural templates for nucleation of crystalline phases on potent nucleants. However, its efficacy near poor nucleants is incompletely understood. Here we use a combination of X-ray crystal truncation rod analysis and ab initio molecular dynamics to probe the pre-nucleation liquid layering at the sapphire–aluminium solid/liquid interface. At the sapphire side, a ~1.6 aluminium-terminated structure develops, and at the liquid side, two pre-nucleation layers emerge at 950 K. No more pre-nucleation layer forms with decreasing temperature indicating that nucleation of crystalline aluminium through layer-by-layer atomic adsorption of liquid atoms is not favoured. Instead, the appearance of stochastically-formed nuclei near the substrate is supported by our experiments. Nucleation on poor nucleants is dominated by the stochastic nucleation events which are substantially influenced by the pre-nucleation layers that determine the surface structure in contact with the nuclei.
Energy disorder and energy level alignment between host and dopant in organic semiconductors
Authors: Li Peicheng , Ingram Grayson , Lee Jae-Jin , Zhao Yongbiao , Lu Zheng-Hong
Published: December 2018

Energy level alignment between host and dopant molecules plays a critical role in exciton formation and harvesting in light emission zone of organic light-emitting diodes. Understanding the mechanism for predicting energy level alignment is thus important in materials selection for fabricating high-performance organic light-emitting devices. Here we show that host-dopant energy level alignment strongly depends on film thickness and substrate work function by using X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. Invariant Gaussian density of states fails to explain the experimental data. We speculate that energy disorder in molecules next to the surface dictates the alignment. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy measurements of several archetypical organic semiconductors confirm our speculation. An empirical interface disorder function is derived and used to construct a functional Gaussian density of states to compute host energy levels. Host-dopant energy level alignment is then computed by applying the universal energy alignment rule and is found in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Discovery, absolute assignments, and total synthesis of asperversiamides A–C and their potent activity against Mycobacterium marinum
Authors: Hou Xue-Mei , Liang Ting-Mei , Guo Zhi-Yong , Wang Chang-Yun , Shao Chang-Lun
Published: December 2018

Integrating molecular networking and 1H NMR techniques successfully enabled the discovery of three new cycloheptapeptides, asperversiamides A–C (1–3).
Consequences of exchange-site heterogeneity and dynamics on the UV-visible spectrum of Cu-exchanged SSZ-13
Authors: Li Hui , Paolucci Christopher , Khurana Ishant , Wilcox Laura N. , Göltl Florian , Albarracin-Caballero Jonatan D. , Shih Arthur J. , Ribeiro Fabio H. , Gounder Rajamani , Schneider William F.
Published: December 2018

Theory and experiment reveal relationships between observed UV-visible spectra and ion exchange site types, ion nuclearity, and finite-temperature dynamics in Cu exchanged chabazite (SSZ-13) zeolites.
Selenization of CuInS2 by rapid thermal processing – an alternative approach to induce a band gap grading in chalcopyrite thin-film solar cell absorbers?
Authors: Félix Roberto , Weber Alfons , Zander Ole , Rodriguez-Álvarez Humberto , Schubert Björn-Arvid , Klaer Joachim , Wilks Regan G. , Schock Hans-Werner , Mainz Roland , Bär Marcus
Published: December 2018

Characterization of selenium-treated CuInS2 reveals a band gap grading and a surface Cu enrichment, opening new chalcopyrite absorber tailoring opportunities.
Das zuckerkranke Kind
Authors: Polok Adrian
Published: December 2018

Gemeinsam mit der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pädiatrische Diabetologie (AGPD) hat die Deutsche Diabetes Stiftung (DDS) mit ihrem Projektfonds „Das zuckerkranke Kind“ einen besonderen Wegweiser erstellt: Dieser informiert Eltern und pädagogische Betreuer über Reisen mit Typ-1-Diabetes und kann ab sofort bei der DDS bestellt werden.
Was für den hausärztlichen Bereich wichtig ist
Authors: Schnellbächer Elisabeth
Published: December 2018

Die neue S3-Leitlinie soll die adäquate Versorgung von Menschen mit Typ-1-Diabetes sicher stellen und ihre Lebensquallität verbessern. Aufbau und Struktur der alten S3-Leitlinie wurden beibehalten, der Inhalt wurde komplett überarbeitet und unter Einbeziehung neuester wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse und klinischer Erfahrungen aktualisiert.
Perspektien digitaler Diabetesprävention: wo wollen wir hin?
Authors: Lantzsch Hendrikje , Harst Lorenz , Timpel Patrick
Published: December 2018

Es ist ein steigendes praktisches und wissenschaftliches Interesse an digitalen Gesundheitsanwendungen wie telemedizinischen Ansätzen zur Steigerung des Diabetesselbstmanagements (DSM) bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 zu beobachten. Neben der klinischen Wirksamkeit und Kosteneffektivität von Telemedizin sollten jedoch auch Faktoren, die die Akzeptanz von Telemedizinanwendungen beeinflussen, beachtet werden. Wissenschaftliche Studien legen dabei nahe, dass digitale Ansätze zur Verbesserung des Diabetesselbstmanagement auf behavioristischen Theorien basieren sollten. Eine langfristige Implementierung kann durch die Analyse akzeptanzfördernder Faktoren, wie individuellen Charakteristika des Endnutzers und dessen Einstellungen zu Eigenschaften der technischen Lösungen, unterstützt werden. Methodische Herausforderungen bei der Evaluation von telemedizinischen Anwendungen und deren heterogene Evaluationspraxis haben bisher zu einer limitierten Datenbasis geführt. Innovative Studiendesigns und konzertierte Evaluationsansätze können die steigende Verfügbarkeit digitaler Gesundheitsanwendungen durch evidenzbasierte Empfehlungen begleiten.
Perioperative Care Considerations and Management of Complications Involving Surgical and Technology Procedures
Authors: Gentile Richard
Published: December 2018

Technology impacts the lives of everyone nowadays and has had perhaps a greater impact on the lives of facial plastic surgeons and the patients they seek to help with both surgery and procedures. This article will discuss modern technology's impact on intervening in the aging process including technology used for facial and skin rejuvenation and reconstruction concentrating on the techniques and care to minimize complications as well as dealing with complication from the treatments.
General Precautions and Safety Aspects of Facial Laser Treatment
Authors: Metelmann Hans-Robert , Heppt Markus , Feller Gabriele , Vent Julia , Heppt Werner
Published: December 2018

The current overview of laser radiation therapy options and the legal aspects of the head and neck region provides insight into the available laser hardware, discusses the indications and treatment options and risks, as well as the necessary precautions to be taken when operating a laser device. Further handling recommendations and requirements for the laser devices are drawn and the question of transferring tasks to nonmedical personnel is discussed. The reader should get an idea about the benefits and risks of using lasers in treating patients and be able to set the precise indication on the background of possibilities, adverse effects, and legal aspects.
Postoperative Management of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery
Authors: Raghavan Ullas , Rao Dipesh , Ullas Gautham , Vijayadev Vishwas
Published: December 2018

Cleft lip and palatal clefts are one of the most common birth defects with a global incidence of 1 in 700 live births. The majority of these orofacial clefts are nonsyndromic. However, a general screening for syndromes and other organ anomalies should always be performed as their association with orofacial clefts cannot be overlooked. With the recent progress in the knowledge of cleft repair, the procedures to correct cleft lip and palate though complex, have been simplified to allow improvisation in outcome and to achieve even better finesse of surgical result. The procedural complications and the pursuit of having near perfect esthetics and functionality, make this deformity a recipient of multiple procedures. This ensures that the patient is under the care of the treating surgeon for long term and allows the surgeon to follow-up on the result, not only to provide care but also to intercept any deviation in the desired outcome. Postoperative care of cleft lip and palate surgery is largely underdiscussed and a set of fixed guidelines will help the treating surgeon to provide the most comprehensive care to the cleft patients. The authors review the practices followed at their hospitals—a high volume cleft and craniofacial care center, a tertiary care multispeciality teaching hospital, and a community teaching and training hospital. The commonly followed practices with suitable evidence in postoperative care of these patients are enlisted here.
Cervical Length as a Predictor of Preterm Delivery in an Unselected Cohort of Women with Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Brock Clifton O. , Moroz Leslie A. , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia
Published: December 2018

Objective To determine the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery (SPTD) associated with transvaginal cervical length (TVCL) in an unselected cohort.

Study Design This is a retrospective study of serial TVCLs in unselected twin gestations. Receiver operator curves for SPTD were constructed from TVCLs at 18, 20, 22, and 24 weeks. Prediction thresholds were determined using a false discovery rate of 10%. The risk of SPTD was compared with previously published, prospective data from a meta-analysis.

Results A total of 1,228 women were included. SPTD occurred prior to 35 weeks in 232 (18.9%), 126 (10.3%), and 24 (2.0%) women prior to 35, 32, and 28 weeks. TVCL was most predictive at 22 weeks (area under the curve = 0.67). TVCL thresholds for predicting SPTD prior to 35, 32, and 28 weeks were 3.1, 3.0, and 2.9 cm. Compared with a previous meta-analysis, the risk of SPTD < 34, 32, and 28 weeks was lower (positive likelihood ratio 9.0 vs. 5.4, 10.1 vs. 5.9, and 9.6 vs. 4.3).

Conclusion TVCL is modestly predictive of SPTD in twin gestations. Compared with previous prospective studies, this cohort has lower risk of SPTD at similar TVCLs.
Prognostic Impact of Soluble P-Selectin on Long-Term Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Tscharre Maximilian , Vogel Birgit , Tentzeris Ioannis , Freynhofer Matthias , Rohla Miklos , Wojta Johann , Weiss Thomas , Ay Cihan , Huber Kurt , Farhan Serdar
Published: December 2018

Background Soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), a biomarker of inflammatory pathologies including cardiovascular disease, is known to have pro-atherosclerotic effects such as the ability to increase leukocyte recruitment and modulate thrombotic response. We aimed to assess the impact of sP-selectin on long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients after coronary stenting for coronary artery disease.

Methods We analysed 733 patients of a single-centre registry undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) between 2003 and 2006. Plasma samples were analysed for sP-selectin antigen concentration with an enzyme-linked immunoassay. The study population was categorized according to sP-selectin quartiles. Endpoint of the study was long-term MACE, a composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke.

Results Of the total patient cohort, 361 (49.2%) patients were admitted for stable coronary artery disease and 372 (50.8%) for acute coronary syndrome. Median age was 64 years and 70.7% were male. After a mean follow-up period of 9.7 years, MACE occurred in 344 (46.9%) patients. The primary endpoint components of all-cause death occurred in 211 (28.8%), MI in 88 (12.0%) and ischaemic stroke in 45 (6.1%) patients. After adjustment for confounders, patients in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th quartile were at higher risk for MACE compared with the 1st quartile (hazard ration [HR], 1.234 [0.899–1.695], p = 0.193; HR, 1.480 [1.085–2.019], p = 0.013; and HR, 1.571 [1.115–2.152], p = 0.004). sP-selectin as continuous variable model was significantly associated with MACE after adjustment (HR per 1 ng/mL increase of 1.009 [95% confidence interval, 1.002–1.017]; p = 0.016).

Conclusion Elevated levels of sP-selectin were associated with increased risk for long-term MACE in patients undergoing PCI.
The Relative Financial Cost and Benefit of an Ophthalmology Resident Compared to an Advanced Practice Provider, Optometrist, or Faculty Ophthalmologist
Authors: Moore Daniel , Barr William
Published: December 2018

Objective The main objective of the article is to determine the relative direct financial cost and benefit of an advanced practice provider (APP), optometrist, and faculty ophthalmologist compared with an ophthalmology resident.

Design Single center cost–benefit financial analysis.

Methods The direct total expenses, including mean salary and benefits; the cost/week, based upon calculated hours worked; and net revenue, based upon technical collections subtracted from total expenses were collected for all APPs, optometrists, faculty ophthalmologists, and ophthalmology residents at the University of Kentucky for the 2016 to 2017 academic year. Optometry and ophthalmology faculty collections were adjusted for clinical full-time equivalents.

Results Total annual mean salary and benefits for 242 APPs, 4 optometrists, 17 faculty ophthalmologists, and 9 ophthalmology residents were $126,797, $117,021, $338,233, and $71,210, respectively. Assuming a 50-hour-work week, the calculated hourly costs were $48.77, $45.01, $130.09, and $27.39, respectively. Ophthalmology residents do not directly generate work relative value units or collections. On this basis, the net annual revenues were −$62,729, $122,757, $566,119, and −$71,210, respectively.

Conclusions Ophthalmology residents are relatively inexpensive compared with potential substitute health care providers, although they are unable to generate direct revenue. Indirect costs and benefits are likely substantial, but currently incalculable. More candid analyses of the role and financial impact of trainees in health care are needed.
Heredity as a burden: causes of children’s behavioural problems in Finnish psychiatry between the 1920s and 1950s
Authors: Parhi Katariina
Published: December 2018

This article analyses interpretations of the causes of children’s behavioural problems in early child psychiatry in Finland from the 1920s until the 1950s. The era was pre-psychodynamic, and psychiatrists stressed biological explanations, which were based on hereditary factors. The source material consists of patient records of children diagnosed with psychopathy in Pitkäniemi Hospital, which operated as one of the state mental hospitals. The focus is on the ways in which the causes of behavioural problems were described, paying special attention to mentions of socioeconomic factors, and adopting a present-centred perspective on analysing the past. Although psychiatrists described details like family background and parental occupations, they did not necessarily use them to point out connections between socioeconomic factors and behavioural problems. On the contrary, in many cases, there was no indicated correlation. This is not to say that socioeconomic factors did not exist or were not acknowledged, but rather that they were discussed in a different light. The assumption of biologically oriented psychiatry, namely that behavioural problems were primarily hereditary, is prevalent in the case records. Some children improved while in hospital and subsequently returned home, or were placed with other families, or in children’s homes. Those who were perceived to be permanently antisocial were placed in reform schools. The change in a child’s behaviour seems to have been crucial in forming a prognosis, which implies that there was a clear belief in the curative atmosphere of the hospital, providing that the child’s character was corrigible. The focus on socioeconomic factors contrasts with the ways in which psychiatrists at that time perceived and documented the causes of behavioural problems, and helps explain why something, which seems evident in retrospect, was not apparent at the time.
Low concentration E. coli O157:H7 bacteria sensing using microfluidic MEMS biosensor
Authors: Ghosh Dastider Shibajyoti , Abdullah Amjed , Jasim Ibrahem , Yuksek Nuh S. , Dweik Majed , Almasri Mahmoud
Published: December 2018

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and testing of a microfluidic MEMS biosensor for rapid sensing of low concentration Escherichia coli O157:H7. It consists of a specially designed focusing and sensing region, which enables the biosensor to detect low concentration of bacterial cells. The focusing region consists of a ramped vertical electrode pair made of electroplated gold along with tilted thin film finger pairs (45°) embedded inside a microchannel. The focusing region generates positive dielectrophoresis force, which moves the cells towards the edges of the tilted thin film electrode fingers, located at the center of the microchannel. The fluidic drag force then carries the focused cells to the sensing region, where three interdigitated electrode arrays (IDEAs) with 30, 20, and 10 pairs, respectively, are embedded inside the microchannel. This technique resulted in highly concentrated samples in the sensing region. The sensing IDEAs are functionalized with the anti-E. coli antibody for specific sensing of E. coli 0157:H7. As E. coli binds to the antibody, it results in an impedance change, which is measured across a wide frequency range of 100 Hz–10 MHz. The biosensor was fabricated on a glass substrate using the SU8 epoxy resist to form the microchannel, gold electroplating to form the vertical focusing electrode pair, a thin gold film to form the sensing electrode, the finger electrodes, traces and bonding pads, and polydimethylsiloxane to seal the device. The microfluidic impedance biosensor was tested with various low concentration bacterial samples and was able to detect bacterial concentration, as low as 39 CFU/ml with a total sensing time of 2 h.
Tailoring cellulose nanocrystals rheological behavior in aqueous suspensions through surface functionalization with polyethyleneimine
Authors: Khandal Dhriti , Riedl Bernard , Tavares Jason R. , Carreau Pierre J. , Heuzey Marie-Claude
Published: December 2018

This paper reports the surface modification of commercially available cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) using polyethyleneimine (PEI) by means of non-covalent electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged sulfate groups of CNCs and positively charged amine functionalities of PEI. The modification, carried out in an aqueous medium, results in a stable CNC-PEI suspension with no phase separation that exhibits interesting rheological behavior due to bridging-type inter-particle interactions. The Newtonian 3% (w/w) CNC suspension evolves into a non-Newtonian gel system after modification with PEI with a consequent increase of almost three decades in complex viscosity. Pre-shearing of the 3% (w/w) CNC-PEI suspension resulted in the loss of the linear viscoelastic properties with increasing shear rate, as would be expected from the breaking of the inter-particle network. However, the system gradually re-established the inter-particle network in less than an hour to give the original rheological parameters. The effect of PEI on the rheological properties was attributed to the physical adsorption of PEI chains on the CNC particles, examined by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analyses, and isothermal adsorption studies. The modified CNC-PEI particles did not show any significant change in the particle morphology compared to the unmodified CNCs, as observed from transmission electron microscope images.
Polarity dependence degradation mechanism of Al2O3 based metal-insulator-metal antifuse
Authors: Tian Min , Zhong Huicai , Li Li , Wang Zhigang
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we investigated the degradation mechanism of an atomic layer deposition Al2O3 based metal-insulator-metal antifuse device under both positive and negative voltage polarities. It was found that the leakage current of the antifuse device was larger under negative voltage polarity compared to positive voltage polarity, while the lifetime was longer for negative stress than that of positive stress. We found that the degradation mechanism under positive voltage stress was strongly influenced by the good oxygen affinity of top electrode metal Ti, and the current that flowed through the dielectric was not a main source in the degradation process. The electron trapping characteristics of the device were also investigated, and it may contribute to obtain a long lifetime.
Friction setup and real-time insights of the contact under controlled cold environment: The KŌRI tribometer for rubber-ice contact application
Authors: Hemette Sylvain , Cayer-Barrioz Juliette , Mazuyer Denis
Published: December 2018

A friction setup combining real-time ice-rubber contact visualization, force measurement, and a compact controlled cold environment system was developed in order to investigate ice-rubber contact complex tribological response and the various contributions to friction, such as viscoelastic deformation, ice surface melting, adhesion, ice creep, or quasi-liquid layer effect. The cold system was based on a cryogenic bath circulator, an air convection circuit, and several thermal insulation combinations such as silica aerogel and expanded polystyrene. The KŌRI tribometer allows one to reach negative temperatures until −20 °C and to perform tribological experiments for velocity from 50 μm s−1 to 1 m s−1 under load up to 50 N and to simultaneously measure resultant forces until 30 N and visualize the contact in real-time. In parallel, an ice manufacturing unit and a specific protocol were developed to grow a transparent ice disc with a controlled initial roughness and surface state. Real-time and simultaneous visualization of the ice-rubber contact provides additional data, such as the apparent contact area and the mean size of a real contact spot during friction, after adequate and dedicated image processing. To illustrate the capability of the KŌRI tribometer, rubber-ice friction measurements were performed at −10 °C and the results are presented here, as a function of time and velocity.
Transport properties of near surface InAs two-dimensional heterostructures
Authors: Wickramasinghe Kaushini S. , Mayer William , Yuan Joseph , Nguyen Tri , Jiao Lucy , Manucharyan Vladimir , Shabani Javad
Published: December 2018

Two-dimensional electron systems confined to the surface of narrowband semiconductors have attracted great interest since they can easily integrate with superconductivity (or ferromagnetism) enabling new possibilities in hybrid device architectures and study of exotic states in proximity to superconductors. In this work, we study indium arsenide heterostructures where a combination of a clean interface with superconductivity, high mobility, and spin-orbit coupling can be achieved. The weak antilocalization measurements indicate the presence of strong spin-orbit coupling at high densities. We study the magnetotransport as a function of top barrier and density and report a clear observation of integer quantum Hall states. We report improved electron mobility reaching up to 44 000 cm2/Vs in undoped heterostructures and well developed integer quantum Hall states starting as low as 2.5 T.