bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mild, Efficient and Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐Vinyl Chalcogenides from Vinyl Bromides Catalyzed by Copper(I) in Ionic Liquids Based on Amino Acids.
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Mo Hanjie , Bao Weiliang
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Scandium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Ring‐Opening of meso‐Epoxides with N‐Heterocycle, Alcohol and Thiol Derivatives in Water.
Authors: Boudou Marine , Ogawa Chikako , Kobayashi Shu
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intermolecular Cross‐Coupling of Simple Arenes via C—H Activation by Tuning Concentrations of Arenes and TFA.
Authors: Li Ruoshi , Jiang Li , Lu Wenjun
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Amino Alcohols: cis‐1‐Amino‐2‐indanol.
Authors: Kim Eun Jin , An Kyung Mi , Ko Soo Y.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Indenes by the Transition Metal‐Mediated Carboannulation of Alkynes.
Authors: Zhang Daohua , Liu Zhijian , Yum Eul K. , Larock Richard C.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient Route to Fused Polycyclic Aromatic via Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryne Annulation by Aryl Halides.
Authors: Liu Zhijian , Larock Richard C.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Facile, Microwave‐Assisted, Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Acetone.
Authors: Chobanian Harry R. , Liu Ping , Chioda Marc D. , Guo Yan , Lin Linus S.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereoselective Passerini Reaction of Chiral 2,3‐Epoxy Aldehydes with TosMIC.
Authors: Krishna Palakodety Radha , Lopinti Krishnarao
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Biomimetic Fe‐Catalyzed Epoxidation of Olefins Using Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Anilkumar Gopinathan , Bitterlich Bianca , Gelalcha Feyissa Gadissa , Tse Man Kin , Beller Matthias
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Synthesis of Indole from Tetrahydroindole on Pd‐ and Cr‐Containing Catalysts.
Authors: Ryashentseva M. A.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solution‐Phase Parallel Synthesis of 3,5,6‐Substituted Indolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Yang Tian‐Ming , Liu Gang
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Novel N‐Sulfonylated (S,S)‐2,3‐Diaminosuccinate‐Type Chiral Auxiliaries and Application to an Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction of Nitrile Oxides to Allyl Alcohol.
Authors: Serizawa Masakazu , Ukaji Yutaka , Inomata Katsuhiko
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effective Pathway to the α‐CF3‐Substituted Azahistidine Analogues.
Authors: Shchetnikov Grigorii T. , Peregudov Alexander S. , Osipov Sergej N.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Synthetic Route for the Preparation of 1,10‐Phenanthroline Derivatives.
Authors: Moudam Omar , Ajamaa Fettah , Ekouaga Allan , Mamlouk Hind , Hahn Uwe , Holler Michel , Welter Richard , Nierengarten Jean‐Francois
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthesis of the Selective COX‐2 Inhibitor GW406381X.
Authors: Whitehead Andrew J. , Ward Richard A. , Jones Martin F.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction: Synthesis of 7,9‐Diaryl‐1,3,5‐trimethyl‐2,4,8‐trioxohexahydro‐9H‐pyrimido [2,1‐g]purine Derivatives.
Authors: Dutta B. C. , Borthakur S. K. , Bhattacharyya N. K. , Goswami B. N.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solution‐Phase Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of 1,6,8‐Trisubstituted Tetrahydro‐2H‐pyrazino[1,2‐a]pyrimidin‐4,7‐dione Derivatives as a NF‐kB Inhibitor.
Authors: Kim Jin‐Woong , Lee Su‐Chul , Park Hyeong Beom , Jo Nam Hyun , Yoo Kyung Ho , Cho Jung‐Hyuck , Oh Chang‐Hyun
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Functionalized, Unsymmetrical 1,3,4,6‐Tetrasubstituted 2,5‐Diketopiperazines.
Authors: Tullberg Marcus , Groetli Morten , Luthman Kristina
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Benzofused Tricycles Based on 2‐Quinoxalinol.
Authors: Liu Gang , Li Li , Kou Binbin , Zhang Suode , Zhang Liang , Yuan Yunyun , Ma Tao , Shang Yan , Li Yuancheng
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Synthesis of Thiophene/Pyrrole‐Fused Crown Ethers Using Mitsunobu Reaction for Potential Application to Sensory Electroactive Polymers.
Authors: Kim Joongchul , Yoon Daehyun , Lee Sang Hee , Ko Seokbeom , Lee Youn‐Sik , Zong Kyukwan
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
(Salen)Ti(IV) Complex Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Opening of Epoxides Using Dithiophosphorus Acid as the Nucleophile.
Authors: Zhou Zhenghong , Li Zhaoming , Quanyong Wang , Liu Bing , Li Kangying , Zhao Guofeng , Zhou Qilin , Tang Chuchi
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The First Isolation of Allenylselenonium Salts: Their Synthesis and Properties as Electrophiles.
Authors: Watanabe Shin‐ichi , Miura Yukio , Iwamura Tatsunori , Nagasawa Hideko , Kataoka Tadashi
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Carbonylation of Lithium Azaenolates of Amides, Formamides, Ureas, and Carbamates with Carbon Monoxide Mediated by Selenium.
Authors: Fujiwara Shin‐ichi , Okada Kazuhiro , Shikano Yasukazu , Shimizu Yoshihiko , Shin‐ike Tsutomu , Terao Jun , Kambe Nobuaki , Sonoda Noboru
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Homolytic Hydrogermylation of Alkenes with Dibutylchlorogermane.
Authors: Miura Katsukiyo , Ootsuka Kazunori , Hosomi Akira
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Heptemerone B (I) and (‐)‐Guanacastepene E (II).
Authors: Miller Aubry K. , Hughes Chambers C. , Kennedy‐Smith Joshua J. , Gradl Stefan N. , Trauner Dirk
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chaxine A, an Osteoclast‐Forming Suppressing Substance, from the Mushroom Agrocybe chanxingu.
Authors: Kawagishi Hirokazu , Akachi Takuto , Ogawa Tetsuhiro , Masuda Kikuko , Yamaguchi Kohji , Yazawa Kazunaga , Takahashi Mamoru
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tryptophan 4‐Aminocinnamamides from a Myxomycete Fuligo aurea.
Authors: Hosoya Takahiro , Kato Yui , Yamamoto Yukinori , Hayashi Masahiko , Komiyama Kanki , Ishibashi Masami
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Peptide Thioester Synthesis via Solution‐Phase Tosylamide Preparation.
Authors: Manabe Shino , Sugioka Tomoyuki , Ito Yukishige
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tandem Staudinger—azaWittig Mediated Ring Expansion: Rapid Access to New Isofagomine‐Tetrahydroxyazepane Hybrids.
Authors: Li Hongqing , Zhang Yongmin , Vogel Pierre , Sinay Pierre , Bleriot Yves
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Exiguamine A, an Indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) Inhibitor Isolated from the Marine Sponge Neopetrosia exigua.
Authors: Brastianos Harry C. , Vottero Eduardo , Patrick Brian O. , Van Soest Rob , Matainaho Teatulohi , Mauk A. Grant , Andersen Raymond J.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Polymorphism of Aspirin: Crystalline Aspirin as Intergrowths of Two “Polymorphic” Domains.
Authors: Bond Andrew D. , Boese Roland , Desiraju Gautam R.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Marine Inorganic Carbon Cycle
Authors: Millero Frank J.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of Phosphorus‐Doped n‐Type Homoepitaxial Diamond Films Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Katagiri M. , Isoya J. , Koizumi S. , Kanda H.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Activation, Microstructure, and Polarization of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes
Authors: Jiang San Ping
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dinuclear Ruthenium and Osmium Arene Trihydrido Complexes: Versatile Water‐Soluble Synthons in Organometallic Chemistry.
Authors: Suess‐Fink Georg , Therrien Bruno
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Olefin Metathesis: The Early Days (Nobel Lecture 2005)
Authors: Chauvin Yves
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Olefin‐Metathesis Catalysts for the Preparation of Molecules and Materials (Nobel Lecture 2005)
Authors: Grubbs Robert H.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Quaternary Protoberberine Alkaloids
Authors: Grycova Lenka , Dostal Jiri , Marek Radek
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The aza‐Wittig Reaction: An Efficient Tool for the Construction of Carbon—Nitrogen Double Bonds
Authors: Palacios Francisco , Alonso Concepcion , Aparicio Domitila , Rubiales Gloria , de los Santos Jesus M.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organic Reactions in Microemulsions
Authors: Holmberg Krister
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Haterumalid NA (Oocydin A)
Authors: Hiersemann Martin
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Organocatalytic Cascade Reactions
Authors: Rueping Magnus
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in Synthetic Micro Reaction Technology
Authors: Watts Paul , Wiles Charlotte
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enticed into Molecular Toxicology
Authors: Kamataki Tetsuya
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Efficient Methods for Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Compounds Using Carbamates, Acylhydrazines, and Ammonia
Authors: Sugiura Masaharu
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterocyclic Inhibitors of Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Converting Enzyme (TACE).
Authors: Levin Jeremy I.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in Antimalarial Drug Development
Authors: Vangapandu Suryanaryana , Jain Meenakshi , Kaur Kirandeep , Patil Premanand , Patel Sanjay R. , Jain Rahul
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Developments in Natural Products‐Based anti‐AIDS Research
Authors: Yu Donglei , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Developments in the Chemistry and Biology of the Bioactive Constituents of Tanshen
Authors: Wang Xihong , Morris‐Natschke Susan L. , Lee Kuo‐Hsiung
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ionic‐Liquid‐Supported Synthesis: A Novel Liquid‐Phase Strategy for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Miao Weishi , Chan Tak Hang
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Organization of Zeolite Microcrystals for Production of Functional Materials
Authors: Yoon Kyung Byung
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Droplets as Microreactors for High‐Throughput Biology
Authors: Taly Valerie , Kelly Bernard T. , Griffiths Andrew D.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Seeing Is Believing: Peptide‐Based Fluorescent Sensors of Protein Tyrosine Kinase Activity
Authors: Lawrence David S. , Wang Qunzhao
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Role of Lipd Rafts in Trimeric G Protein‐Mediated Signal Transduction
Authors: Ohkubo Satoko , Nakahata Norimichi
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors: Applications and Research Directions
Authors: Liao Bao‐Qiang , Kraemer Jeremy T. , Bagley David M.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Interface Between Bioinformatics and Docking Study
Authors: Shirai Hiroki , Kobori Masato
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Docking Method for Drug Discovery
Authors: Hirayama Noriaki
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Communication Skills for Pharmaceutical Care
Authors: Kotegawa Tsutomu
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sensitive Noncompetitive Measurement of Small Molecules by Open Sandwich Immunoassay
Authors: Ueda Hiroshi
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Advanced Instrumental Approaches for Characterization of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter: Extraction Techniques, Mass Spectrometry, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Mopper Kenneth , Stubbins Aron , Ritchie Jason D. , Bialk Heidi M. , Hatcher Patrick G.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ADLib System for Rapid and Flexible Design of Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Ohta Kunihiro , Seo Hidetaka
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical Sensor Networks for the Aquatic Environment
Authors: Johnson Kenneth S. , Needoba Joseph A. , Riser Stephen C. , Showers William J.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Taiwan—a tertiary center experience
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Han , Liu Ping‐Yen , Lin Li‐Jen , Chen Jyh‐Hong , Tsai Liang‐Miin
Published: April 2007

Background

Most information concerning hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been derived from western countries and Japan.

Hypothesis

Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Taiwan may have a distinct morphology and clinical picture.

Methods

Information from 163 consecutive patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy at a medical center in Taiwan from 1990 through 2005 was retrospectively collected. The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy required echocardiographic demonstration of left ventricular hypertrophy (wall thickness ≥ mm during diastole) in a specific region or with diffuse distribution. Follow‐up information was obtained from medical records.

Results

Among 163 patients (male, 52%), the mean follow‐up period was 5.3 ± 4.1 years. Men had nearly a threefold increase in prevalence of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (23.8% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.03), younger onset of initial evaluation (57.2 ± 12.9 vs. 64.8 ± 11.3, p < 0.001), and lower prevalence of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (33.3% vs. 63.3%, p < 0.001) compared to women. Fifty‐eight patients (35.6%) experienced cardiovascular events, of which pulmonary edema and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were the most common (19.7% and 12.3%, respectively). The annual cardiovascular mortality rate was 0.8%. In multivariate analysis, left ventricular outflow obstruction [odds ratio (OR): 4.92, p = 0.001], atrial fibrillation (OR: 3.53, p = 0.014), and female gender (OR: 2.99, p = 0.043) were independent predictors of mortality.

Conclusions

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy did not significantly increase cardiovascular mortality rate, but over one‐third of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy experienced cardiovascular events. High prevalence of left ventricular outflow obstruction especially in elderly women was observed. Left ventricular outflow obstruction, atrial fibrillation, and female gender were predictors of mortality. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A risk‐predictive score for cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction in Chinese patients
Authors: Zhang Min , Li Jian , Cai Yi Ming , Ma Hong , Xiao Jian Ming , Liu Jian , Zhao Ling , Guo Tao , Han Ming Hua
Published: April 2007

Background

Cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a poor prognosis. Although numerous studies discussed the predictors of cardiogenic shock complicating AMI, the data in Chinese patients is still absent. The goal of this study is to develop a risk‐predictive score for cardiogenic shock after AMI, among Chinese patients, so as to guide clinicians to prevent cardiogenic shock.

Methods

Patients with ST‐segment elevated AMI were provided by two Chinese hospitals from 1994 to 2004. Baseline characteristics of each case were documented. Multivariable logistic regression modeling techniques were used to develop a model to predict the occurrence of cardiogenic shock within 72 h after admission. On the basis of the coefficients in the model, a risk score was developed for the probability of cardiogenic shock. To test its viability, another population, which was consistent with the original population, confirmed the scoring.

Results

Among 2,077 patients, 184 cases developed cardiogenic shock within 72 h. Age, gender, BMI, killip class, MI location, multivessel disease, previous MI, family history of CAD, and thrombolytic therapy were strong predictors for shock after AMI. A risk‐predictive score for shock was developed. It predicted cardiogenic shock accurately in another Chinese population.

Conclusions

A predictive model is developed in Chinese patients with AMI for the first time. It is based on some simple parameters, which can be easily obtained by clinicians. The risk score derived from the model can predict cardiogenic shock accurately. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systemic Nanoparticle Paclitaxel (nab‐Paclitaxel) for In‐stent Restenosis I (SNAPIST‐I): A First‐in‐Human Safety and Dose‐finding Study
Authors: Margolis James , McDonald John , Heuser Richard , Klinke Peter , Waksman Ron , Virmani Renu , Desai Neil , Hilton David
Published: April 2007

Background

Paclitaxel‐eluting stents inhibit restenosis; however, this technology has drawbacks (e.g., stent thrombosis, requirement for long‐term antiplatelet ther‐ apy, and cost—particularly for patients with multivessel disease). Systemic treatment with a novel 130‐nm, albumin‐bound particle form of paclitaxel (nab‐paclitaxel) has been shown to reduce restenosis in animals.

Hypothesis

This study was designed to establish the safety and optimal dose of systemic nab‐paclitaxel for reducing in‐stent restenosis in humans. If well tolerated, systemic nab‐paclitaxel may be used with any available bare‐metal stent and at potentially lower cost than drug‐eluting stents.

Methods

Patients received nab‐paclitaxel 10, 30, 70, or 100 mg/m2 intravenously after stenting of a single de novo lesion ≥ 3 mm in diameter. Study endpoints included safety and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 2 and 6 months.

Results

Data were obtained for all 23 enrolled patients (mean age 66 ± 10 years, 74% men, 26% with diabetes). No significant adverse events (AE) were attributable to nab‐paclitaxel at 10 or 30 mg/m2. Moderate neutropenia, moderate sensory neuropathy, and mild to moderate, reversible alopecia occurred only at doses of 70 and 100 mg/m2; therefore, doses of 70 mg/m2 or higher were considered unacceptable in this patient population. No MACE were reported at 2 months. At 6 months, 4 target lesion revascularizations (TLR) for restenoses were reported (2 each in the 10‐ and 100‐mg/m2‐dose groups).

Conclusions

Systemic nab‐paclitaxel was well tolerated at doses below 70 mg/m2 in this group of patients; no unexpected AE were noted. Additional studies are under way to explore intravenous and intracoronary administration of nab‐paclitaxel. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among rural adults in liaoning province of China
Authors: Sun Zhaoqing , Zheng Liqiang , Wei Yidong , Li Jue , Zhang Xinzhong , Zhang Xingang , Liu Shuangshuang , Xu Changlu , Li Jiajin , Zhao Fenfen , Dong Guanghui , Hu Dayi , Sun Yingxian
Published: April 2007

Background

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in the rural adults of Liaoning province of China.

Methods

The study was conducted in 2004‐2006, using a multistage cluster sampling method to select a representative sample. A total of 45925 adults, 35 years or older, were examined. Two blood pressure measurements were obtained by trained observers by use of a standardized electric sphygmomanometer after a 5‐min sitting rest. Information on the history of hypertension was obtained by use of a standard questionnaire.

Results

Overall, the prevalence of prehypertension was 44.1%; for men 48.7 and women 39.6%. The prevalence of hypertension was 37.8%; for men 37.0 and women 38.6%. Among hypertensive patients, only 29.5% patients were aware of their high blood pressure, 23.6% patients were taking antihypertensive medication, and 1.1% patients achieved blood pressure control.

Conclusions

Prehypertension and hypertension are highly prevalent in rural areas of China. The percentage of those with hypertension who are aware, treated, and controlled are unacceptably low. These results underscore the urgent need to develop strategies to improve prevention, detection, and treatment of hypertension in rural areas of China. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case report of simultaneous thrombosis of two coronary artery stents in association with clopidogrel resistance
Authors: Lee Jin Sun , Dunn Steven P. , Marshall Helen M. , Cohen Mauricio G. , Smyth Susan S.
Published: April 2007

Despite aggressive antiplatelet therapy in the setting of PCI, the incidence of acute stent thrombosis remains approximately 0.5–2%. We report a patient with simultaneous thrombosis of two drug‐eluting coronary artery stents, suggesting a systemic thrombotic state. Evaluation by optical platelet aggregometry revealed clopidogrel resistance, which was overcome at a higher drug dose. We aim to highlight the potential utility of platelet function analysis to guide therapy for patients in whom inadequate antiplatelet therapy may have catastrophic clinical outcomes. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cortical actin filament organization in developing and functioning stomatal complexes of Zea mays and Triticum turgidum
Authors: Panteris Emmanuel , Galatis Basil , Quader Hartmut , Apostolakos Panagiotis
Published: April 2007

Cortical actin filament (AF) organization was studied in detail in developing stomatal complexes of the grasses Zea mays and Triticum turgidum. AF arrays during the whole stomatal complex development are dynamic, partly following the pattern of cortical microtubule (MT) organization. They also exhibit particular patterns of organization, spatially and temporarily restricted. Among AF arrays, the radial ones that underlie young guard cell (GC) periclinal walls, those that line the bulbous GC ends and the AF ring at the junction between subsidiary cells (SCs) and GCs are described here for the first time. Although many similarities in cortical AF organization exist among the stomatal cells of both plants studied, considerable differences have also been observed between them. Our data reveal that the expanding areas of stomatal cell walls are lined by distinct cortical AF aggregations that probably protect the plasmalemma against mechanical stresses. Experimental AF disruption does not seem to affect detectably stomatal cell morphogenesis. Moreover, the structural and experimental data of this study revealed that, in contrast to the elliptical stomata, in the dumbbell‐shaped ones the AFs and MTs seem not to be involved in the mechanism of opening and closing of the stomatal pore. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A spatiotemporal evaluation of the contribution of the dorsal mesenchymal protrusion to cardiac development
Authors: Snarr Brian S. , Wirrig Elaine E. , Phelps Aimee L. , Trusk Thomas C. , Wessels Andy
Published: April 2007

A composite of images taken from figures in Snarr et al. Upper Left: Histological demonstration of endocardial (lacZ) and non‐endocardial derived cells in the atrioventricular (AV) mesenchyme of a Tie2‐Cre/R26R mouse heart at ED11.5. Upper Right: Superior view of an AMIRA 3D reconstruction of an ED11.5, Tie2‐Cre/R26R heart. Colors distinguish the different mesenchymal components in the AV region. Center: Left lateral view of the ED11.5 reconstruction illustrating the relationship of the different mesenchymal components to the primary atrial septum (PAS). Bottom Left: Histological demonstration of endocardial (lacZ) and non‐endocardial derived cells in the AV mesenchyme at ED13. Bottom Right: A 3D reconstruction demonstrating the spatial relationship of the different AV mesenchymal tissues at ED 13. See Snarr et al., Developmental Dynamics 236:1287–1294.
Synthesis, Reactivity and DFT Investigation of a Cationic Zirconocene Benzyl Compound with an Appended Phenyl Group
Authors: Saßmannshausen Jörg , Track Anna , Dias Tiago A. D. S.
Published: April 2007

The reaction of [η5‐C5H5‐(η5‐C5H4CMe2C6H4Me)Zr(CH2Ph)2](1) with the cation generating agent B(C6F5)3was studied by means of multinuclear NMR and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The clean reaction in CD2Cl2at –60 °C yielded the cationic compound [η5‐C5H5‐(η5:η1‐C5H4‐CR2C6H4R)Zr(η2‐CH2Ph)] (R = Me:2, R = H:3), with a tolyl moiety coordinated to the cationic zirconium centre, in addition to the expected η2‐coordination of the benzyl moiety. Both coordinations were unambiguously assigned by multinuclear one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Detailed DFT calculations of congener3at the B3LYP level of theory explain the unusual chemical shift of the coordinated atom of the tolyl moiety. Furthermore, detailed electronic analysis (Bader and NBO analysis) were undertaken to ascertain the type of coordination (agostic versus electrostatic) that the tolyl moiety adopts. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Comparison of Methionine α,γ‐Lyase and Homocysteine α,γ‐Lyase for Electrochemical Determination of Homocysteine
Authors: Zhao Dong , McIntosh Mike , Fein Harry , Zhang Xueji
Published: April 2007

Recently, a novel enzymatic method was developed for determination of homocysteine. This method utilizes the electrochemical hydrogen sulfide sensor along with methionine α,γ‐lyase to accomplish the fast, accurate, sensitive and selective measurements. As a continuation of this work, another enzyme, homocysteine α,γ‐lyase, was used and the parallel experiments of using both enzymes were carried out against the effect of pH, sensitivity, linearity, and interferences, in an intended comparison between these two enzymes. The excellent linearity of amperometric currents against homocysteine concentrations, high sensitivities and low detection limits for both enzymes reconfirmed that the electrochemical method is superior over other analytical means. The high enzymatic activity of methionine α,γ‐lyase surpassing homocysteine α,γ‐lyase endowed the former higher sensitivity, lower detection limit and faster response than the latter, suggesting methionine α,γ‐lyase a better candidate for homocysteine measurement by electrochemical method. The differences between these two enzymes on the trends of response time and sensitivity at different pH environments, reactivity toward several forms of homocysteine as well as on the interference from several agents were also addressed and discussed.
Thulium(III) Ions Monitoring by a Novel Thulium(III) Microelectrode Based on a S‐N Schiff Base
Authors: Ganjali Mohammad Reza , Norouzi Parviz , Akbari‐Adergani Behrouz
Published: April 2007

This study presents for the first time development of a highly selective and sensitive thulium(III) micro‐sensor. Theoretical calculations were conducted on a S‐N Schiff base [thiophene‐2‐carbaldehyde‐(7‐methyl‐1,3‐benzothiazol‐2‐yl) hydrazone] (TCMH) in order to obtain a clue about the tendency of TCMH to Tm(III) and some other metal ions. Then, TCMH was used as a membrane‐active component to prepare a Tm(III)‐selective polymeric membrane microelectrode. In line with the resulting data, the electrode exhibits a Nernstian response toward Tm(III) ions for a very wide concentration range (1.0×10−11–4.0×10−6 M) with a detection limit of 1.0×10−11 (ca. 1.5 ppt) and a very fast response time in the whole concentration range (<5 s). In addition, the results showed that the certain microelectrode could be applied in the pH range of 4.0–11.0 with a usage of more than one month without any considerable potential divergence.
Zeptomole Detection of Streptavidin Using Carbon Paste Electrode and Square‐Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Petrlova Jitka , Masarik Michal , Potesil David , Adam Vojtech , Trnkova Libuse , Kizek Rene
Published: April 2007

We compared the suitability of avidin and streptavidin for avidin‐biotin technology in view of the sensitivity of the analysis using square‐wave voltammetry. We found out during our preliminary experiments that streptavidin gave approximately 100 times higher electrochemical response in comparison with avidin at the same experimental conditions and concentration. Thus, we used two approaches for streptavidin determination – analysis directly in electrochemical cell and analysis by adsorptive transfer technique (AdTS). Ten minutes long accumulation on carbon paste electrode surface was ascertained as optimal in both cases. Limits of detection were 0.3 aM (electrochemical cell) and 30 aM (AdTS).
A spot price of electricity algorithm applied to lossy short‐term hydrothermal scheduling problem with limited energy supply thermal units
Authors: Yaşar Celal , Fadıl Salih , Babadağı Mustafa
Published: April 2007

A lossy electric power system including normal and limited energy supply thermal units and hydraulic units are considered in this paper. The total thermal cost for an operation period of the system is minimized under some possible electric, hydraulic, and fuel constraints. The minimization of the total thermal cost is achieved by determining active generations of all units in all subintervals by means of a spot price of electricity algorithm proposed by our research group. Application of the algorithm is demonstrated on a lossy electric power system that contains 16 buses, three normal thermal, two limited energy supply thermal and 4 hydraulic units (coupled). Obtained results are discussed in the example section of the paper. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unified power quality conditioner with super‐capacitor for energy storage
Authors: Han Byung M. , Bae B.
Published: April 2007

This paper proposes a new configuration of UPQC (Unified Power Quality Conditioner) that consists of the DC/DC converter and the super‐capacitors for compensating the voltage interruption. The proposed UPQC can compensate the reactive power, harmonic current, voltage sag and swell, voltage unbalance, and the voltage interruption. The performance of proposed system was analyzed through simulations with PSCAD/EMTDC software, and the realization of proposed system was verified through experimental works with a prototype. The proposed system can improve the power quality at the common connection point of the non‐linear load and the sensitive load. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Affording what's free and paying for choice: comparing the cost of public and private hospitalizations in urban Kerala
Authors: Levesque Jean‐Frédéric , Haddad Slim , Narayana Delampady , Fournier Pierre
Published: April 2007

Objective

To assess the cost of public and private hospitalizations in urban Kerala and discuss policy implications of social disparities in the economic burden of hospital care.

Methods

The NSSO survey on health care (1995–1996) for urban Kerala was analysed with regards to expenditure incurred by hospital episodes. Multilevel linear models were built to assess factors associated with levels of health expenditure.

Findings

Hospital care involves paying admission fees in 68% of cases of hospitalizations (98% in private and 20% in public sector) in urban Kerala. Poor households and those headed by casual workers show significantly lower levels of health expenditure and a higher proportion of health‐related loss of income than other social groups. Although there is significant expenditure in both sectors for these groups, hospitalization on free public wards is associated with lower expenditure than other options. Factors linked with higher expenditure are: duration of stay; hospitalizations on paying public wards and in the private sector; hospitalizations for above poverty line households and hospitalizations for chronic illnesses. Expenditure for services bought from outside the hospital is important in the public sector.

Conclusion

Hospitalization incurs significant expenditure in urban Kerala. Greater availability of free medical services in the public sector and financial protection against the cost of hospitalization are warranted. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Escitalopram in a working population: results from an observational study of 2378 outpatients in Austria
Authors: Winkler Dietmar , Pjrek Edda , Moser Ulrike , Kasper Siegfried
Published: April 2007

Objective

The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the effectiveness of escitalopram in a naturalistic sample of employed people with mood and anxiety disorders.

Method

Days on sick leave 3 months prior and 3 months during treatment with escitalopram were recorded and compared (mirror study design) in 2378 patients (949 men and 1376 women). A further clinical examination including the clinical global impression of severity (CGI‐S) and improvement (CGI‐I) scales and assessments of tolerability were used to evaluate treatment effects in a subgroup of 807 study subjects.

Results

Escitalopram treatment (mean final daily dosage: 12.4 ± 5.0 mg) led to a significant reduction (baseline versus end of study) of sick leave (11.0 ± 12.8 days versus 5.4 ± 11.0 days; p < 0.001). CGI‐S scores decreased from 4.7 ± 0.9 at baseline to 2.4 ± 1.1 after 3 months (p < 0.001), the CGI‐I after 3 months was 1.9 ± 0.9. The incidence of adverse events after initiation of treatment with escitalopram was 13.1%, with only 1.3% of patients experiencing severe adverse events interfering with patient functioning.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that escitalopram is an efficacious and overall well‐tolerated treatment in a naturalistic sample of working patients. A decrease in the days on sick leave is indicative of indirect cost‐effectiveness of this treatment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of cancer virotherapy with attenuated replicative Semliki forest virus in different rodent tumor models
Authors: Määttä Ann‐Marie , Liimatainen Timo , Wahlfors Tiina , Wirth Thomas , Vähä‐Koskela Markus , Jansson Linda , Valonen Piia , Häkkinen Katja , Rautsi Outi , Pellinen Riikka , Mäkinen Kimmo , Hakumäki Juhana , Hinkkanen Ari , Wahlfors Jarmo
Published: April 2007

Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is one of the latest candidates for a virotherapeutic agent against cancer, and recent studies have demonstrated its efficacy in tumor models. In the present study, we examined the antitumor efficacy of an avirulent SFV strain A7(74) and its derivative, a replication‐competent SFV vector VA7‐EGFP, in a partially immunodeficient mouse tumor model (subcutaneous A549 human lung adenocarcinoma in NMRI nu/nu mouse) and in an immunocompetent rat tumor model (intracranial BT4C glioma in BDIX rat). When subcutaneous mouse tumors were injected 3 times with VA7‐EGFP, intratumorally treated animals showed almost complete inhibition of tumor growth, while systemically treated mice displayed only delayed tumor growth (intravenous injection) or no response at all (intraperitoneal injection). This was at least partially due to a strong type I interferon (IFN) response in the tumors. The animals did not display any signs of abnormal behavior or encephalitis, even though SFV‐positive foci were detected in the brain after the initial blood viremia. Intracranial rat tumors were injected directly with SFV A7(74) virus and monitored with magnetic resonance imaging. Tumor growth was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) with one virus injection, but the tumor size continued to increase after a lag period and none of the treated animals survived. Three virus injections or T‐cell suppression with dexamethasone did not significantly improve treatment efficacy. It appeared that the local virotherapy induced extensive production of neutralizing anti‐SFV antibodies that most likely contributed to the insufficient treatment efficacy. In conclusion, we show here that SFV A7(74) is a potential oncolytic agent for cancer virotherapy, but major immunological hurdles may need to be overcome before the virus can be clinically tested. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Obesity and risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Larsson Susanna C. , Wolk Alicja
Published: April 2007

Obesity is associated with altered immune and inflammatory responses and it may therefore influence the risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, epidemiologic findings on obesity in relation to non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma have been inconsistent. We conducted a meta‐analysis to summarize the epidemiologic evidence on the association between excess body weight and risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Relevant studies were identified by searching MEDLINE (1966 to February 2007) and the reference lists of retrieved publications. We included cohort and case–control studies that reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of body mass index (BMI) with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence or mortality. A random‐effects model was used to combine results from individual studies. Sixteen studies (10 cohorts and 6 case–control studies), with 21,720 cases, met the inclusion criteria. Compared to individuals of normal weight (BMI < 25.0 kg/m2), the summary RRs of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma were 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01–1.14) for overweight individuals (BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2) and 1.20 (95% CI, 1.07–1.34) for those who were obese (BMI ≥≥≥≥ 30.0 kg/m2). Meta‐analysis stratified by histologic subtypes showed that obesity was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.18–1.66; n = 6 studies) but not of follicular lymphoma (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.82–1.47; n = 6 studies) or small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.76–1.20; n = 3 studies). These findings indicate that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.