bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Responsabilidad penal de los dirigentes de los partidos políticos respecto al delito de lavado de activos, Lima metropolitana 2018
Authors: Fernández Torres Luis Wigberto
Published: January 2021

El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar el acto ilícito desde el punto de vista penal de la dirigencia de los organismos político- gremiales frente el lavar activos. Su enfoque fue cualitativo porque acopia teoría científica sobre el problema planteado. Su diseño fue teoría fundamentada porque acopió y recolectó información, su método fue inductivo fenomenológico. El tipo de investigación fue básica porque amplió la teoría científica del problema planteado. Esta investigación se legitimó con entrevistas a especialistas del problema planteado. Llegándose a las siguientes conclusiones: 1. Que las principales dirigencias de los principales gremios políticos han blanqueado dinero, los mismos que se han convertido en una asociación criminal dichas organizaciones partidarias al distorsionarse sus objetivos políticos por captación de dinero mal habido. 2. Que, si existen responsables penales sobre todo de los caudillos de los organismos políticos en la transferencia de dinero remitido del exterior producto de operaciones ficticias, de tal manera que han tenido que acudir al pitufeo y a diversas actividades ilícitas para justificar el dinero enviado del exterior producto de sobornos. 3. Que hay capitales ilícitos con depósitos o transferencias fraccionadas de dinero ilícito. Es así que han tenido que acudir a paraísos fiscales o a crear empresas fantasmas exclusivas para lavar dinero como los bancos offshore o las sociedades IBC (International Business Companies).
Control de constitucionalidad y consulta legislativa ¿Hacia un sistema mixto de control federal?
Authors: Amaya Jorge Alejandro
Published: January 2021

El artículo hace un análisis sobre el control constitucional y consulta legislativa y el posible cambio a un sistema mixto de control federal en la Argentina. Primero hace reflexiones previas; analiza los modelos y sistemas de control de constitucionalidad, sus reglas, características, e identidad; la convergencia de los modelos; los sistemas Latinoamericanos, los sistemas mixtos; los sistemas provinciales argentinos. Sistemas mixtos; el sistema federal argentino, reglas, excepciones y principios, algunas dificultades actuales; las consultas previas de constitucionalidad: un recorrido por el derecho comparado; el caso “Fernández de Kirchner Cristina en carácter de Presidenta del H. Senado de la Nación s/acción declarativa de certeza y la sentencia de la CSJN: Como decir sí, diciendo no; a modo de conclusión se pregunta hacia donde van ¿Hacía un sistema mixto de control?
Dynamic analysis of multi point winding hoisting system under non synchronous movements of wire ropes in deep well
Authors: Wu Shuiyuan , Gong Xiansheng , He Ping
Published: January 2021

Taking the multi point winding hoisting system with depth of 1000 m, drum radius of 0.4 m, drum radius difference of 0.1 mm as the research background, a model of multi point winding hoisting system under non synchronous movement of wire ropes is established, and the mathematical model is deduced by Lagrange equation. Then the dynamic characteristic of super deep multi point winding hoisting system under non synchronous movements of wire ropes is analyzed. The results show that: the rotational displacement of mass block is 5°, the rotational velocity is 0.07 °/s in the stage of constant speed. The rope length difference reaches 0.07 m, the tension of each wire rope changes 333 N, accounted for about 7 % of the average tension. And with the length difference increasing 35 mm, the force differences increasing 320 N, which indicates that the length difference has great impact on the tension difference of wire ropes. Finally, the mathematical model is verified through experiment.
AKT/GSK-3 Pathway Targeting; Botanicals and Bioactive Compounds with Anticancer Activities
Authors: Jalali Atefeh , Zarshenas Mohammad M.
Published: January 2021

Background:

In the late 20th century, the leading role of signaling pathways in various cancers is revealed
via some genome's systematic investigations. The Akt/GSK-3 signaling pathway is one of the critical
signaling pathways dysregulated in numerous human cancers. The Akt cascade acts in the cancer process by
regulating apoptosis, cell cycle, metabolism, and cells' longevity. The GSK-3 is downstream of Akt, which has
an opposite role in cancer progression.

Objective:

Attending to the importance of the Akt/GSK-3 pathway in cancer progression and the positive result
of natural products in cancer treatment, this research is designed to review effective herbal medicines in one of
the involvement critical signal pathways of cancer for developing novel anticancer drugs.

Method:

Keywords "plant", "natural", "cancer", "AKT", and "GSK" were searched through the "Scopus" and
"Google scholar" databases up to 30th August 2020. Papers linking to pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmaceutics
were collected and discussed.

Results and Conclusion:

The Akt/GSK-3 signaling pathway plays a prominent role in cancer. Although the effect
of GSK-3 in cancer cells is depended on the type and contents of cells, the inhibition of Akt/GSK-3 mostly
is led to three primary outcomes in cancer cells, including (1) apoptotic activity and autophagy induction, (2)
anti-proliferative and growth inhibitory effects, and (3) anti-metastatic and angiogenesis effects. As the tendency
to use natural products increases, we gathered 64 plants or bioactive components with the anticancer activity
via the Akt/GSK-3 signaling pathway. Since most of these investigations have been conducted on cell lines,
these plants can be the right candidate to be evaluated in human trials.
Withdrawal Notice: Morphology of Coronary Arteries in Relation to Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Leone Aurelio
Published: January 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor of the journal Current Pharmaceutical Design, due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

The Bentham Editorial Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://benthamscience.com/editorial-policies-main.php

BENTHAM SCIENCE DISCLAIMER

It is a condition of publication that manuscripts submitted to this journal have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or
published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright
permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and by submitting the article for publication the authors agree that the
publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a
manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Cardio-protective Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Publication Overlap
Authors: Zafeiropoulos Stefanos , Pagiantza Areti , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Stalikas Nikolaos , Farmakis Ioannis , Samaras Athanasios , Antza Christina , Giannakoulas George
Published: January 2021

Background:

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as a new antihyperglycemic
class with the demonstrated advantage of reducing major adverse cardiovascular events
(MACE) among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, or high cardiovascular
risk.

Objective:

Τo summarize the evidence of systematic reviews (SRs) that assess MACE (cardiovascular mortality,
nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke) and hospitalizations for heart failure in GLP-1RAs-treated patients
and to evaluate possible overlap in pertinent SRs.

Methods:

We performed a comprehensive search via MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and PROSPERO databases
up to February 23, 2020, for SRs examining cardiovascular outcomes of GLP-1RAs in T2DM patients. Three
independent authors extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of the included SRs using the
ROBIS tool.

Results :

We found 37 SRs – published between 2009 and 2020 in English – of which 35 collected data only
from randomized clinical trials while two from observational studies as well. The methodological quality of the
37 SRs ranged from low to high, while only 3 have evaluated the overall quality of evidence outcome using the
Grading of Recommendations Assessments, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. All the included
SRs showed cardiovascular safety of GLP-1RAs while the latest ones demonstrated a reduction in composite
MACE endpoint as well as its every individual component and heart failure hospitalizations.

Conclusion:

In the first overview of SRs about cardiovascular outcomes of GLP-1RAs, they proved favorable
effects on reducing cardiovascular events in T2DM patients. There are, however, many overlapping reviews
based on relatively few cardiovascular outcomes trials.
A Review Focused on Molecular Mechanisms of Anxiolytic Effect of Valerina officinalis L. in Connection with Its Phytochemistry through in vitro/in vivo Studies
Authors: Orhan Ilkay E.
Published: January 2021

Valeriana officinalis L. (Valerianaceae) is one of the most reputed ancient medicinal plants used in
modern phytotherapy and traditional medicine. Its root extract is one of the most effective herbal sedatives and
tranquilizers, where the plant is also used for the treatment of gastrointestinal spasms. V. officinalis has complex
phytochemistry consisting of the esterified iridoid derivatives known as valepotriates (e.g., valtrate, didrovaltrate,
isovalerenic acid), sesquiterpenes (e.g., valerenic acid), flavonoids (e.g., linarin, apigenin), lignans
(e.g., pinoresinol, hydroxypinoresinol), alkaloids (e.g., actinidine, valerine), triterpenes (e.g., ursolic acid),
monoterpenes (e.g., borneol, bornyl acetate). Among them, valerenic acid is a marker compound for standardization
of the root extracts of the plant and has been reported in many in vitro/in vivo studies to be responsible
for anxiolytic action of the plant. Although modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors has
been revealed to be the leading mechanism of the plant-based on the existence of valerenic acid, several studies
described the interaction of valerenic acid with glutamergic receptors. In addition to valerenic acid, isovaleric
acid, didrovaltrate, borneol, and some lignans have also been proposed to contribute to the anxiolytic effect of
the plant. In the current review, the data selectively scrutinized from the in vitro/in vivo studies about identifying
anxiolytic molecular mechanisms of V. officinalis is focused.
Ampicillin-augmented Silver Nanoparticles for Synergistic Antimicrobial Response: A Promising Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Khan Kashan , Qureshi Mohd A. , Azam Ameer , Moinuddin  , Musarrat Javed , Javed Saleem
Published: January 2021

Aims:

Globally, scientists are working to find more efficient antimicrobial drugs to treat
microbial infections and kill drug-resistant bacteria.

Background:

Despite the availability of numerous antimicrobial drugs, bacterial infections still
pose a serious threat to global health. A constant decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics owing
to their repeated exposure as well as a short-lasting antimicrobial activity led to the demand for
developing novel therapeutic agents capable of controlling microbial infections.

Objective:

In this study, we report the antimicrobial activity of chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles
(cAgNPs) augmented with ampicillin (amp) in order to increase antimicrobial response
against Escherichia coli (gram –ve), Staphylococcus aureus (gram +ve) and Streptococcus mutans
(gram +ve).

Methods:

Nanostructure, colloidal stability, morphology and size of cAgNPs before and after
functionalization were explored by UV-vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, zeta potential and TEM. The
formation and functionalization of cAgNPs were confirmed from UV-vis spectroscopy and FT-IR
patterns. From TEM, the average sizes of cAgNPs and cAgNP-amp were found to be 13 and 7.8
nm, respectively, and change in colloidal stability after augmentation was confirmed from zeta potential
values. The antimicrobial efficacies of cAgNP-amp and cAgNPs against E. coli S. aureus
and S. mutans were studied by determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs), zone of
inhibition, assessment of viable and non-viable bacterial cells and quantitative assessment of biofilm.

Results & Discussion:

Our results revealed cAgNP-amp to be highly bactericidal compared to
cAgNPs or amp alone. The nano-toxicity studies indicated cAgNP-amp to be less toxic compared
to cAgNPs alone.

Conclusion:

This study manifested that cAgNPs show synergistic antimicrobial effects when they
get functionalized with amp suggesting their application in curing long-term bacterial infections.
Impairment of Store-operated Calcium Entry: Implications in Alzheimer’s Neurodegeneration
Authors: Zhou Jing , Wu Shengzhou
Published: January 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an insidious and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Dysfunction
of central cholinergic neurons, amyloid aggregation and deposition,oxidative stress,and biometal
dyshomeostasis has been regarded as the major pathogenic mediators in this devastating disease.
However, strategies derived from these hypotheses fail to slow down or stop the progression of AD,
warranting a combination of therapies to target multiple etiological factors or examining alternative
hypothesis. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is the process by which depletion of calcium in the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen causes an influx of calcium across plasmalemma. Accumulating
evidence indicates that neuronal SOCE (nSOCE) is inhibited in family AD (FAD) and the inhibition of
which causes instability of dendritic spines and enhances amyloidogenesis. Mutant Presenilin fails to
function as an ER calcium leak channel and promotes degradation of stromal interaction molecules
(STIM), ER calcium sensors; these effects may account for the repression of nSOCE in FAD. We have
demonstrated that activation of autophagy degrades STIM proteins, resulting in a trimming effect on a
dendritic arbor, under proteasome inhibition and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which are intimately
connected with AD. Thus, we hypothesize that autophagy represses SOCE by degrading STIM proteins,
leading to synapse loss in AD. This review article will highlight the roles of SOCE in AD neurodegeneration,
the degradative mechanisms of STIM protein, and the therapeutic potential and associated
challenge.
Salivary Aβ Secretion and Altered Oral Microbiome in Mouse Models of AD
Authors: Floden Angela M. , Sohrabi Mona , Nookala Suba , Cao Jay J. , Combs Colin K.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide containing plaque aggregations in the brain are a
hallmark of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, Aβ is produced by cell types outside of the brain
suggesting that the peptide may serve a broad physiologic purpose.

Objective:

Based upon our prior work documenting expression of amyloid β precursor protein (APP)
in intestinal epithelium we hypothesized that salivary epithelium might also express APP and be a
source of Aβ.

Methods:

To begin testing this idea, we compared human age-matched control and AD salivary glands
to C57BL/6 wild type, AppNL-G-F
, and APP/PS1 mice.

Results:

Both male and female AD, AppNL-G-F
, and APP/PS1 glands demonstrated robust APP and Aβ
immunoreactivity. Female AppNL-G-F mice had significantly higher levels of pilocarpine stimulated Aβ
1-42 compared to both wild type and APP/PS1 mice. No differences in male salivary Aβ levels were
detected. No significant differences in total pilocarpine stimulated saliva volumes were observed in
any group. Both male and female AppNL-G-F but not APP/PS1 mice demonstrated significant differences
in oral microbiome phylum and genus abundance compared to wild type mice. Male, but not female,
APP/PS1 and AppNL-G-F
mice had significantly thinner molar enamel compared to their wild type counterparts.

Conclusion:

These data support the idea that oral microbiome changes exist during AD in addition to
changes in salivary Aβ and oral health.
The Role of Justicia adhatoda as Prophylaxis for COVID-19 – Analysis
Based on Docking
Authors: Thangaraju Pugazhenthan , Sudha TY Sree , Pasala Praveen Kumar , Hari TY Sri , Venkatesan Sajitha , Thangaraju Eswaran
Published: January 2021

:

Coronavirus cause severe harm to the health of both humans as well as animals, creating a major global health
problem affecting millions of populations. Considering situational emergency of identifying novel targeted therapy, we have
chosen herbal compound Adathoda justice/ vasica which is high potent olden vital compound having key role in various
respiratory conditions with multiple beneficial uses. Adathoda is promoted and supported by the Ministry of AYUSH for
symptomatic management of respiratory ailments in case of COVID 19. In this study, we focused Adathoda primary active
alkaloid vasicine efficacy against coronavirus infectious symptoms, evaluated by in Silico screening studies on virus
proteins ACE 2 Receptor, 3CL protease and Spike protein SARS HR1 motif using PyRx tool and AutoDoc 1.5.6. Based on
PyRx results, Vasicine with ACE 2 Receptor shown higher docking affinity score -7.1 K/cal respectively when compared to
other virus proteins. AutoDoc 1.5.6 screening study report showed that vasicine promotes good inhibitory constant 486.54
mM on 3CL protease more than others. Results reveal that the vasicine could be a potential target for the treatment of
COVID 19. This study adds strong evidence to the claim by the advisory released by AYUSH. Based on the results with
available literature Adathoda could be a drug helpful in relieving symptoms in non COVID cases those who were
quarantined or in lockdown pace thereby reducing pandemic panic and in confirmed asymptomatic or mild cases. For usage
in moderate to severe cases this could be an add on therapy with existing modern medical therapy.
Mayapuri Radiological Catastrophe: Good Practices and the Lessons
Learnt
Authors: Sharma Rakesh Kumar , Sharma Sandeep , Singh Rajesh Kumar
Published: January 2021

Background:

Advances in the peaceful applications of ionizing radiation have brought in its wake the
inevitable concern about radioactivity. Almost a decade ago, an infamous unprecedented radiological exposure incident
occurred in Delhi, which has not only some positive aspects for imbibing good practices to emulate but also lessons learnt
to further improvise the overall management, respectively.

Objective:

The Mayapuri incident at Delhi exposed the lack of awareness and laxity on the part of University of Delhi
authorities in disposing of the Cobalt Irradiator, and the further insecure handling of the orphan radioactive source. Since
an occurrence like this was unparalleled, it was necessary to flag all interlinked issues and put in place a technology
management system which should address them.

Methods:

The methodology includes an in-depth discussion about the good practices and lessons learnt of the thenexisting techno-legal systems and the response mechanism to the Mayapuri radiological incident from various
departments of repute, both governmental as well as non-governmental.

Result and Conclusion:

The present article attempts to intensify pragmatic approaches to proactively avert and thwart
‘orphan source’ incidents like the Mayapuri radiological incident so that threat to the society is minimal, and putting in
place enhanced medical preparedness measures for the management of radiation casualties caused by ignorance,
negligence, incompetence, accident, or malicious intention.
Novel Strategies and Model Studies for Colon Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Ameen Muath Sheet Mohammed , Malviya Rishabha , Porwal Omji , Anwar Esra Tariq , Pant Sumedha , Sharma Akanksha
Published: January 2021

:

Targeting drugs with controlled release characteristics to the colon is gaining importance
for localized action as well as to improve the systemic availability of peptides and proteins.

:

The present manuscript aims to describe the various approaches and model study for colon targeted drug delivery.

:

Drugs that have low absorption window are targeted into in the colonic regions using different novel
technologies such as microparticulate system, prodrugs, pH and time dependent polymeric, effervescent and noneffervescent systems etc. Along with this it manuscript also describes the model study for colon targeting.

:

Colon targeted drug delivery system offers the potential therapeutic benefits to patients in terms of both local
and systemic treatment. These drugs can be directly targeted in the colon which helps in the reducing systemic side
effects.
Design and Analysis of Fibonacci Based TGO Compared with Real-time
Mesh using Graph Invariant Technique
Authors: Amiripalli Shanmuk Srinivas , Bobba Veeramallu , Srinivasu P. Naga
Published: January 2021

Background:

Graph analytics is one of the foremost established and unique strategies utilized
in taking care of present-day designing issues. In this study, this procedure was applied to networks.
The connectivity of gadgets is one of the intense issues distinguished in wireless systems. To
deal with this issue, a unique Fibonacci-based TGO was proposed for a superior network.

Methods:

The proposed model attempts to construct a trimet graph based on the Fibonacci arrangement,
implying that a cluster is formed with 3, 5, 8, 13, 21... hubs. To frame Fibonacci-based TGO,
each of these hubs is recursively connected with a trimet diagram. For the random regular graph, the
practical mesh is invariant. Edges, diameter, average degree, average clustering, density, and average
shortest path are currently being compared for both meshes.

Results:

Fibonacci TGO has approximately 50 edges at 100 nodes and a constant diameter of 4. The
average degree of Fibonacci TGO is less, which is approximately 3, having 0.7 high average clustering
over random regular. As the number of nodes increases, the density decreases.TGO is having a
better path than the random regular model. Finally, Fibonacci TGO mesh has better performance and
connectivity over real-time meshes in wireless networks.

Conclusion:

We have proposed Fibonacci-based TGO mesh in the following steps. This formation is
split into two stages. Fibonacci-dependent trimets based on the input nodes are created in the first
stage, with 3, 5, 8, 13, and 21... nodes. These trimets will be connected in the second step to create a
Fibonacci-based TGO. Both meshes are now being studied using network science parameters. In any
scenario, Fibonacci-based TGO has better connectivity over the real-time random mesh. The NetworkX
package in the Python language is used to produce the results automatically.
Study of SARS-nCoV2 Indian Isolates Gaining Insights into Mutation Frequencies, Protein Stability and Prospective Effect on Pathogenicity
Authors: Uttarkar Akshay , Niranjan Vidya , Pandit Shivam , Subash Srividya
Published: January 2021

Background:

SARS-nCOV-2 is a variant of the known SARS coronavirus family. The mutations in viruses are
very rapid and can play a crucial role in the evolution or devolution of the organism. This has a direct impact on “host
jumping” and pathogenicity of the virus.

Objective:

The study aims to understand the frequency of genomic variations that have occurred in the virus affecting the
Indian sub-population. The impact of variations translating to proteins and its consequences affecting protein stability and
interaction were studied.

Method:

Phylogenetic analysis of the 140 genomes from the India region was performed, followed by SNP and Indel
analysis of both CDS and non-CDS regions. This effort was followed by a prediction of mutations occurring in 8 proteins of
interest and the impact on protein stability and prospective drug interactions.

Results:

Genomes showed variability in origin, and major branches can be mapped to the 2002 outbreak of SARS. The
mutation frequency in CDS regions showed that 241 C >T, 3037 C >T, 2836 C >T, and 6312 C >A occurred in 81.5 % of
genomes mapping to major genes. Corresponding mutations were mapped to protein sequences. The effect of mutations
occurring in spike glycoprotein, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, nsp8, nucleocapsid and 3c protease were also mapped.

Conclusion:

Whilst the mutations in spike glycoprotein showcased an increase in protein stability, the residues undergoing
mutations were also a part of drug binding pockets for hydroxychloroquine. Mutations occurring in other proteins of interest
were leading to a decrease in protein stability. The mutations were also a part of drug binding pockets for Favipiravir,
Remdesivir and Dexamethasone. The work promotes the will to analyse larger datasets to understand mutation pattern
globally.
ESPECTROSCOPIA COMPUTACIONAL APLICADA AO REASSINALAMENTO ESTRUTURAL DE MOLÉCULAS QUIRAIS: HELIANNUOL L
Authors: Brito Jordana T. , Martorano Lucas H. , Albuquerque Ana Carolina F. de , Ribeiro Carlos Magno Rocha , Fiorot Rodolfo Goetze , Carneiro José Walkimar de Mesquita , Valverde Alessandra L. , Santos Junior Fernando Martins dos
Published: January 2021

In the past, structure determination of natural products was an arduous process depending almost entirely on chemical synthesis, mainly by derivatization and degradation processes, taking years of effort. Recently, structural elucidation of natural products has undergone a revolution. Nowadays, with the combined use of different advanced spectroscopic methods, it became possible to completely assign the structure of natural products using small amounts of sample. However, despite the extraordinary ongoing advances in spectroscopy, the mischaracterization of natural products has been and remains a recurrent problem, especially in the presence of several chiral centers. The misinterpretation of NMR data has resulted in frequent reports addressing the issue of structural reassignment. In this context, a great effort has been devoted to the development of quantum chemical calculations to predict NMR parameters, and thus achieve a more accurate spectral interpretation. In this work, we applied a protocol for theoretical calculations of 1H NMR chemical shifts in order to establish the correct and unequivocal structure of Helianuol L, a member of the Heliannuol’s class, isolated from Helianthus annus. These secondary metabolites present a broad spectrum of biological activities, including the allelochemical activity, making them promising candidates as natural agrochemicals. It is worth mentioning, however, that the process of elucidating the structure of Heliannuol L was based on structural correlations with molecules already known in the literature, where few stereochemical analyses were performed. In this way, based on the fact that other compounds of the Heliannuol’s class had their structure previously reassigned, the verification of the proposed structure of Heliannuol L becomes of great importance.
Sustainable Urban Streetscape: Managing trees as green infrastructure
Authors: Zairuddin Nor Syafiqah , Othman Noriah , Abdul Malek Nurhayati
Published: January 2021

Green and grey infrastructure plays a significant role in exposing the quality to the urban streetscape. The establishment and post-execution of streetscape planting management practice become a marking factor in measuring the sustainability of roadside tree planting. Due to the acceleration of the urbanization, conflicts in growing healthy roadside tree planting keep arising. Hence, this study is to deliver a discussion of non-numerical data on the potential attributes and approaches that can be adopted and adapted in Malaysia for a better quality of streetscape tree planting practices.

Keywords: Streetscape Design; Roadside Tree Planting; Tree Sensitive Urban Design Theory 

eISSN 2398-4295 ©2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers (AMER); Association of  Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians (ABRA); Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies (cE-Bs), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v5i19.193
Predicting Public Uptake of Digital Contact Tracing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results From a Nationwide Survey in Singapore
Authors: Saw Young Ern , Tan Edina Yi-Qin , Liu Jessica Shijia , Liu Jean CJ
Published: January 2021

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, new digital solutions have been developed for infection control. In particular, contact tracing mobile apps provide a means for governments to manage both health and economic concerns. However, public reception of these apps is paramount to their success, and global uptake rates have been low.

Objective

In this study, we sought to identify the characteristics of individuals or factors potentially associated with voluntary downloads of a contact tracing mobile app in Singapore.

Methods

A cohort of 505 adults from the general community completed an online survey. As the primary outcome measure, participants were asked to indicate whether they had downloaded the contact tracing app TraceTogether introduced at the national level. The following were assessed as predictor variables: (1) participant demographics, (2) behavioral modifications on account of the pandemic, and (3) pandemic severity (the number of cases and lockdown status).

Results

Within our data set, the strongest predictor of the uptake of TraceTogether was the extent to which individuals had already adjusted their lifestyles because of the pandemic (z=13.56; P<.001). Network analyses revealed that uptake was most related to the following: using hand sanitizers, avoiding public transport, and preferring outdoor over indoor venues during the pandemic. However, demographic and situational characteristics were not significantly associated with app downloads.

Conclusions

Efforts to introduce contact tracing apps could capitalize on pandemic-related behavioral adjustments among individuals. Given that a large number of individuals is required to download contact tracing apps for contact tracing to be effective, further studies are required to understand how citizens respond to contact tracing apps.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04468581, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04468581
Clinicopathological Criteria Predictive of Recurrence Following Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Therapy Initiation in Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Retrospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Plasek Joseph , Weissert John , Downs Tracy , Richards Kyle , Ravvaz Kourosh
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is currently the most clinically effective intravesical treatment for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), particularly for patients with high-risk NMIBC such as those with carcinoma in situ. BCG treatments could be optimized to improve patient safety and conserve supply by predicting BCG efficacy based on tumor characteristics or clinicopathological criteria.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to assess the ability of specific clinicopathological criteria to predict tumor recurrence in patients with NMIBC who received BCG therapy along various treatment timelines.

METHODS

A total of 1331 patients (stage Ta, T1, or carcinoma in situ) who underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor between 2006 and 2017 were included. Univariate analysis, including laboratory tests (eg, complete blood panels, creatinine levels, and hemoglobin A1c levels) within 180 days of BCG therapy initiation, medications, and clinical and demographic variables to assess their ability to predict NMIBC recurrence, was completed. This was followed by multivariate regression that included the elements of the Club Urológico Español de Tratamiento Oncológico (CUETO) scoring model and variables that were significant predictors of recurrence in univariate analysis.

RESULTS

BCG was administered to 183 patients classified as intermediate or high risk, and 76 (41.5%) experienced disease recurrence. An abnormal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio measured within 180 days of induction BCG therapy was a significant predictor (P=.047) of future cancer recurrence and was a stronger predictor than the CUETO score or the individual variables included in the CUETO scoring model through multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

An abnormal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio within 180 days of BCG therapy initiation is predictive of recurrence and could be suggestive of additional or alternative interventions.
The Challenge of Integrating eHealth Into Health Care: Systematic Literature Review of the Donabedian Model of Structure, Process, and Outcome (Preprint)
Authors: Tossaint-Schoenmakers Rosian , Versluis Anke , Chavannes Niels , Talboom-Kamp Esther , Kasteleyn Marise
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Health care organizations are increasingly working with eHealth. However, the integration of eHealth into regular health care is challenging. It requires organizations to change the way they work and their structure and care processes to be adapted to ensure that eHealth supports the attainment of the desired outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study are to investigate whether there are identifiable indicators in the structure, process, and outcome categories that are related to the successful integration of eHealth in regular health care, as well as to investigate which indicators of structure and process are related to outcome indicators.

METHODS

A systematic literature review was conducted using the Donabedian Structure-Process-Outcome (SPO) framework to identify indicators that are related to the integration of eHealth into health care organizations. Data extraction sheets were designed to provide an overview of the study characteristics, eHealth characteristics, and indicators. The extracted indicators were organized into themes and subthemes of the structure, process, and outcome categories.

RESULTS

Eleven studies were included, covering a variety of study designs, diseases, and eHealth tools. All studies identified structure, process, and outcome indicators that were potentially related to the integration of eHealth. The number of indicators found in the structure, process, and outcome categories was 175, 84, and 88, respectively. The themes with the most-noted indicators and their mutual interaction were inner setting (51 indicators, 16 interactions), care receiver (40 indicators, 11 interactions), and technology (38 indicators, 12 interactions)—all within the structure category; health care actions (38 indicators, 15 interactions) within the process category; and efficiency (30 indicators, 15 interactions) within the outcome category. In-depth examination identified four most-reported indicators, namely “deployment of human resources” (n=11), in the inner setting theme within the structure category; “ease of use” (n=16) and “technical issue” (n=10), both in the technology theme within the structure category; and “health logistics” (n=26), in the efficiency theme within the outcome category.

CONCLUSIONS

Three principles are important for the successful integration of eHealth into health care. First, the role of the care receiver needs to be incorporated into the organizational structure and daily care process. Second, the technology must be well attuned to the organizational structure and daily care process. Third, the deployment of human resources to the daily care processes needs to be aligned with the desired end results. Not adhering to these points could negatively affect the organization, daily process, or the end results.
Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Typhoid Fever Among Hospitalized Patients in Hyderabad District, Pakistan, 2017-2018: Retrospective Record Review (Preprint)
Authors: Fatima Munaza , Kumar Santosh , Hussain Mudassar , Memon Naveed Masood , Vighio Anum , Syed Muhammad Asif , Chaudhry Ambreen , Hussain Zakir , Baig Zeeshan Iqbal , Baig Mirza Amir , Asghar Rana Jawad , Ikram Aamer , Khader Yousef
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Hyderabad, Pakistan, was the first city to witness an outbreak of extensively drug resistant (XDR) typhoid fever. The outbreak strain is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporin, thus greatly limiting treatment options. However, despite over 5000 documented cases, information on mortality and morbidity has been limited.

OBJECTIVE

To address the existing knowledge gap, this study aimed to assess the morbidity and mortality associated with XDR and non-XDR Salmonella serovar Typhi infections in Pakistan.

METHODS

We reviewed the medical records of culture-confirmed typhoid cases in 5 hospitals in Hyderabad from October 1, 2016, to September 30, 2018. We recorded data on age, gender, onset of fever, physical examination, serological and microbiological test results, treatment before and during hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, complications, and deaths.

RESULTS

A total of 1452 culture-confirmed typhoid cases, including 947 (66%) XDR typhoid cases and 505 (34%) non-XDR typhoid cases, were identified. Overall, ≥1 complications were reported in 360 (38%) patients with XDR typhoid and 89 (18%) patients with non-XDR typhoid (P<.001). Ileal perforation was the most commonly reported complication in both patients with XDR typhoid (n=210, 23%) and patients with non-XDR typhoid (n=71, 14%) (P<.001). Overall, mortality was documented among 17 (1.8%) patients with XDR S Typhi infections and 3 (0.6%) patients with non-XDR S Typhi infections (P=.06).

CONCLUSIONS

As this first XDR typhoid outbreak continues to spread, the increased duration of illness before hospitalization and increased rate of complications have important implications for clinical care and medical costs and heighten the importance of prevention and control measures.
What Role for Europe in the New World Order? A Third Player Empowered by Green Productivity
Authors: Aiginger Karl
Published: January 2021

Europe may emerge from the recent crisis stronger than before, as a player with a more sustainable democratic model than China and fewer political divides than the US. What reports tend to neglect is that Europe is currently the largest economic region, leading in exports, foreign direct investment, and most indicators on Sustainable Development. A reason for this downplaying is that Europe is seen as continent consisting of individual small and big countries and not as a political or economic whole. The paper takes an alternative position and carves out conditions for closing divides, to make existing European strengths more visible and extend the quality lead. The Recovery and Resilience Facility as well as the Multiannual Financial Framework must be used for reforms and coherence. A rebounding Europe requires a double strategy of fostering innovation while redirecting productivity towards energy and resource saving, away from its current priority on labour efficiency. This would empower Europe to be a quality player in a multipolar world in which there are no longer only two superpowers, China and the US, competing for attention.
Optimizing the seismic effects of blasting in quarries by timing
Authors: Baulovič Ján , Pandula Blažej , Kondela Julián , Prekopová Marta
Published: January 2021

Recently, negative effects of the blasting operations and quantification of the seismic safety are regarded as very important technical problem in quarries. The impact of blasting operations is accompanied by both positive and negative seismic effects. For example, vibrations generated by explosion create very positive effect − when help to break the rocks, but, on the other hand, also result in negative effect − when affect constructions and natural environment in the vicinity of a blasting works site. If the vibrations are large enough, then the nearby objects could be damaged or destroyed. This article highlights the results of the blasting operation monitoring in limestone Lopušné Pažite quarry on Slovakia, which based on the rule that the negative effects depend on their range and strength. This method is applied in all quarries in Slovakia, which are close to settlements.
PHONEME FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE IN EVENKI: A PILOT STUDY
Authors:   Olga N. Morozova Amur State University, Morozova Olga N. , Androsova Svetlana V. ,   Svetlana V. Androsova Amur State University, Bulatova Nadezhda Ya. ,   Nadezhda Ya. Bulatova Amur State University
Published: January 2021

The current paper aimed at studying the 2 types of frequency of occurrence of phoneme groups and in some phoneme pairs - in the Evenki phonological system and speech. The results of the analysis of speech samples obtained from 4 Evenki subjects showed that there are objective grounds to consider this language as highly vocalic. These are notably higher frequencies of occurrence of vocalic sounds (vowels + sonorants) compared to obstruents both in the system and speech. Evenki is more vocalic than English and Russian and less vocalic than Yakut as far as system frequency of occurrence. This tendency is even better expressed in speech for Evenki, English and Russian. As far as there are no data on Yakut phoneme objective frequency, this comparison is a matter of further study. For both sonorants and obstruents, system and objective frequency showed similar tendencies: prevailing of stops over fricatives, nasals over approximants, fore-lingual consonants over ones of other loci...
THE POTENTIAL OF GOOGLE SEARCH FOR STUDIES IN COGNITIVE CORPUS LINGUISTICS
Authors:   Inna M. Petrova Moscow City University, Petrova Inna M.
Published: January 2021

The paper investigates the possibility to employ the Google search system as an analogue of the corpus of texts for potential use in further cognitive research of a language. The purpose of the article is to elucidate the significance of statistical data available due to the use of different operators and filters of the search system in the study of cognitive mechanisms of representation of linguistic reality in speech. Experimental observations have been made to compare the results of competing queries in Google and Russian National Corpus based on the word order variability of binomial phrases. The results obtained showed that the volume and variety of language data justifies the employment of Google for these purposes. This leads to the conclusion that these data can be considered valid as linguistic material for further interpretation in cognitive language research
FRANCIEN AS A STUMBLING BLOCK IN HISTORY OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE
Authors:   Lydia A. Stanovaïa Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Stanovaïa Lydia A.
Published: January 2021

Criticism of the concept of the formation of the French language on the basis of the francien dialect, presented in the works of XIX-XX centuries, has led to the fact that the term and the concept of «Francien» has become a kind of stumbling block in solving many questions of the formation and evolution of the French language. Analysis of the criticism of the traditional history of the French language, of the discussions about the formation of the French language and the role of the Francien dialect in this process, of the questions of the diatopic variation of the French and Old French showed the theoretical and methodological importance of consistently separating the language and writing, dialect and scriptа, text of the work and text of the manuscript. The analysis of the arguments given by the opponents of the Francien dialect and its special role in the history of the French language showed their failure. The selection of the Francien dialect and the Francien scripta as dialect and scripta of Ile-de-France is necessary for an adequate description of the linguistic situation in the Old and middle French periods.
THE AXIOLOGICAL ASPECT OF MASS-MEDIA DISCOURSE
Authors:   Lyudmila V. Ermakova Amur State University, Ermakova Lyudmila V.
Published: January 2021

The axiological aspect of mass-media discourse is revealed through actualization of definite axiological meanings expressed in the process of reality conceptualization on the basis of values and social norms. Such axiological meanings are objectivized with the help of different modus categories. The conducted research demonstrates that the modus category of evidentiality conveys some axiological meanings. Implicit expression of the direct evidentiality modus in the cases of simple certainty is characterized by high frequency. In these situations, the addresser tells about something which he/she knows for certain and presents the described event as true in reality. Explicit expression of the direct evidentiality modus in the cases of simple and problematic certainty are characterized by low frequency.
ETHNOCULTURAL EDUCATION IN THE SOUTH OF TYUMEN REGION AND THE CHALLENGES OF PRESERVING THE SIBERIAN-TARTAR LANGUAGE
Authors:   Yury N. Kvashnin Institute of the Problems of Northern Development Tyumen Scientific Center SB RAS, Kvashnin Yury N. , Bakieva Gulsifa T. ,   Gulsifa T. Bakieva National cultural autonomy of the Siberian Tatars of the Tyumen region
Published: January 2021

The article reflects the results of an ethnosociological study of the situation with ethno-cultural education in the south of the Tyumen region. The analysis of historical processes showed that in the 20s-40s of the 20th century in Tatar educational institutions, instruction was conducted in the Old Tatar language, which was understandable to the majority of Siberian Tatars. However, after turning from the Old Tatar to the Tatar language of the Middle Volga region (Tatar literary), the situation changed. There were difficulties with the students perception of the language that was non-native for them. It has been established that long-term teaching in the national schools of the Tatar literary language did not bring significant results. Siberian Tatars continued to use native and Russian languages in everyday life. The study of the current situation has revealed, on the one hand, the interest of students and their parents in studying the Siberian-Tatar language, on the other - the unwillingness of the heads of education administration bodies to change the established system. The main conclusion of the study is the need for a gradual full or partial reorientation of the educational process in Tatar schools in the south of the Tyumen region towards the language and literature of Siberian Tatars.
KHAKAS LEXSEME ХАРАХ'EYE; EYES' AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN THE PERSONAL AND SPIRITUAL NATURE OF A HUMAN
Authors:   Maria D. Chertykova Institute for Humanitarian Researches and AltaySayan Turkic Studies Katanov State University of Khakassia, Chertykova Maria D.
Published: January 2021

The present article aims to identify and describe semantic-cognitive features of the lexeme Harah 'eye; eyes' representation in the Khakas language. Eyes are not only a visual organ characterized by varying colors, certain physical features, they also represent a whole system of visual behavior. In Khakas, there are 27 phraseological units with the somatism харах, most of which describe particular patterns of a visual act. As a result of the study, it can be argued that the role of the lexeme харах'eye; eyes' is significant in the linguistic reflection of the physical and spiritual nature of a human. The use of the plural noun form in translating the word from Khakas is symbolic due to the fact that in Khakas as well as other Turkic and some Finno-Ugric languages plural form is rarely used to denote pair items.