bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Fetal Eccrine Glands: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Penneys Neal S. , Kott‐Blumenkranz Recia , Buck B.E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Developing fetal eccrine glands were examined for the presence of Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using an unlabeled antibody peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase technique and rabbit antibody to human CEA. The earliest sign of commitment to the formation of an eccrine gtand was the presence of CEA within a single keratinocyte in fetal epidermis. As the eccrine unit evolved, we found CEA in both acrosyringeal cells and the ductal cells. Although the function of CEA in eccrine gland remains undefined, this substance may play an integral role in the earliest development of the gland as well as in its normal function in the adult.
Clinical Perspectives on Premature Tooth Eruption and Cyst Formation in Neonates
Authors: Cohen Rhonna L.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Premature eruption of teeth occurs in 1 of every 2,000 births. The reported association between natal teeth and serious, rare, inherited syndromes suggests that particular caution should be exercised in examination of newborns having prematurely erupted teeth.

The ectomesenchyma, from which the orofacial structures develop, undergoes a complex, coordinated series of steps of proliferation and differentiation during the first two months in utcro. At approximately seven weeks the presumptive mandibular and maxillary arches show a bandlike ectodermal thickening called the dental lamina. Odontogenesis (tooth development) begins with budding of the dental lamina and continues into the second week of life. Remnants of odontogenic epithelium or of epithelium covering the embryonic facial processes may develop into cystic structures, causing intraoral swellings on the alveolar ridges or palate (i.e., Bohn's nodules and Epstein's pearls). Prematurely erupted natal and neonatal teeth are generally normal deciduous incisors. Hypermobility of these teeth, resulting from poorly formed roots, may stabilize within a short period of time. Extraction of natal and neonatal teeth should not be done precipitously.
Benign Neonatal Eruptive Hemangiomatosis in Identical Twins
Authors: Ronan Salve G. , Solomon Lawrence M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Two cases of neonatal hemangiomatosis occurred in identical twins. Work‐up for internal hemangiomas were performed on both infants and were negative. Twin no. 1, with extensive lesions, is currently taking oral prednisone, 2 mg/kg/day, with gradual resolution of the lesions. So far, no new hemangiomas have developed in twin no. 2.
Practical Aspects of Bacterial Skin Infections in Children
Authors: Tunnessen Walter W.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Bacterial skin infections are a common reason for children to be examined by a pediatrician. Streptococci and staphylococci are responsible for the great majority of the infections. Because of the variety of lesions produced by these bacteria, there is support for dividing impetigo into “traditional” crusted and bullous forms. Two important forms of ccllulitis—facial and periorhital—have potential for serious systemic consequences. the bacterial etiology and treatment of cellulitis, animal bites, and puncture wounds of the foot require special attention for successful outcome.
Prognosis in Juvenile Dermatopolymyositis: A Cooperative Retrospective Study of 70 Cases
Authors: Taieb Alain , Guichard Catherine , Salamon Roger , Maleville Jean
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A retrospective multicenter study† was conducted with 70 patients with juveaile dermatopolymyositis. Among survivors with sufficient follow‐up tat least two years), a good prognosis subgroup was characterized by significantly better (P > 0.001) initial response to steroids and less frequent pharyngeal involvement when compared to other patients in a poor prognosis subgroup with significant sequelae or still active disease. Patients who died had more severe pharyngeal involvement than those who survived (P > 0.05).
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis Is Treatable
Authors: White Stephen W.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a recessively inherited disorder of bile acid metabolism. Cataracts and tendinous xanthomas begin during ado‐lescence. Results of routine tests of plasma lipids are normal. Therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid may reduce the production of cholestanol and thus slow the course of the disease.
Papular Acrodermatitis of Childhood Associated with Hepatitis A Virus Infection
Authors: Sagi Ephraim F. , Linder Nechama , Shouval Daniel
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 2‐year‐old girl developed an erythematous papular eruption on her face and extremities a week after an epidemic of hepatitis A had occurred in her school. Clinical and laboratory signs of acute hepatitis, together with serologic verification, confirmed hepatitis A infection. That diagnosis should be considered in the etiology of papular acrodermatitis of childhood.
Becker's Melanosis and Hypoplasia of the Breast and Pectoralis Major Muscle
Authors: Moore Jordan A. , Schosser Robert H.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Becker's melanosis can be associated with hypoplastic abnormalities. In our patient (the first case report), it occurred in association with an absent pectoralis major muscle. Although more common in males, this patient demonstrates that Becker's melanosis can occur in females and may be congenital.
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Due to Antieptic Therapy in an 8‐year‐old Boy
Authors: Mulhar Ulrike , Granditsch Gerhard , Diem Edgar
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) has rarely been documented in children. We treated an 8‐year‐old boy who developed generalized blistering dermatosis after anticonvulsive therapy with diphenylhydantoin. The diagnosis was proved by exfoliative cytology, histology, and electron microscopy. The disease entity and its differentiation from staphylococcal scalded‐skin syndrome and toxic shock syndrome are reviewed.
Early Diagnosis of Recessive X‐Linked Ichthyosis: Elevation of Cholesterol Sulfate Levels in Placental Sulfatase Deficiency Before the Onset of Skin Symptoms
Authors: Marinkovic‐Ilsen A. , Wolthers B. G. , Jansen G. , de Bruijn H. W. A. , van der Loos C.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Children and adults with recessive X‐Unked ichthyosis have elevated levels of cholesterol sulfate, a substrate of the deficient enzyme microsomal sulfatase, in blood, erythrocyte membrane, and ichthyotic scale. We investigated cholesterol sulfate levels in patients with microsomal sulfatase deficiency before birth in amniotic fluid and in maternal plasma and erythro‐cytes, in cord blood (plasma and erythrocytes), and in plasma in the first month of life before and after onset of skin symptoms. Levels in amniotic fiuid and cord blood were elevated. The plasma levels in the first month, before as well as after onset of skin symptoms, were within the range found in older patients with manifest skin symptoms.
Pemphigus Vulgaris in Childhood: Clinical Features, Treatment, and Prognosis
Authors: Smitt J. Henk Sillevis
Published: March 2008

Abstract: There are 31 reports in the literature of the clinical and immunopathologic features of pemphigus vulgaris in children. Bullous lesions often occur initially in the oral cavity, later spreading to the skin. The diagnosis can be established by means of histologic and immunopathologic criteria. Most patients respond to high doses of corticosteroids. In some instances, cytostatic drugs must be added to the treatment regimen. Two children reported in literature died in the first year of their disease, one child died 3½ years after onset of the disease. Only four had a remission sufficient to discontinue therapy.
Benign Idiopathic versus Mycosis‐Fungoides‐Associated Follicular Mucinosis
Authors: Nickoloff Brian J. , Wood Colin
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A study was undertaken in an attempt to identify useful histologic criteria that may allow differentiation between benign idiopathic and mycosisfungoides‐associated follicular mucinosis. We chose young patients because no person under 20 years of age with coexisting follicular mucinosis and mycosis fungoides disease has ever been reported. Our three most important observations in benign juvenile idiopathic follicular mucinosis were as follows:

The lymphocytic infiltrate was generally confined to follicular, perifollicular, or perivascular zones with no extension of either normal or atypical mononuclear cells into the epidermis or into papillary/reticular dermis.

Within follicular epithelium there were dense collections of lymphocytes with occasionally atypical‐appearing nuclei in three of the eight patients, but never as Pautrier microabscesses.

There was absence of a significant associated plasma cell or eosinophil‐containing inflammatory dermal infiltrate.

These findings are in contrast to those of older patients with follicular mucinosis and mycosis fungoides.
Recurrent Photosensitive Dermatitis Preceding Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Woo Thomas R. , Rasmussen James , Callen Jeffrey P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The classic features of childhood dermatomyositis include muscle weakness, elevated muscle enzymes, and characteristic abnormal muscle biopsy and electromyography. Paramount to the diagnosis are cutaneous dermatoses that include a heliotrope rash and Gottron's papules. Rarely, a photosensitive dermatosis may occur. A recurrent photoexacerbated dermatoses can be an initial sign of occult childhood dermatomyositis.
Arthropod Bites, Stings, and Infestations: Their Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Honig Paul J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Readily available information as to the management of arthropod bites, stings, and infestations is important to have but often difficult to find. This article brings such information together in one reference for use by the practicing pediatrician, dermatologist, and family practitioner. Preventive measures are stressed and therapy is outlined for each entity; the rationale for many of the interventions is discussed. It is not the intent of this paper to cover each subject comprehensively.
Photodistribution of Varicella Exanthem: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Serrano Gabriel , Aliaga Adolfo , Bonillo Juan , Pelufo Cristina , Otero Dolores
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Two children were seen who had cutaneous lesions of varicella localized to sunburned and suntanned skin. Atypical features were observed in both cases. Based on certain hypotheses, we concluded that sun exposure may modify the clinical picture of varicella.
S100‐Protein‐Containig Dendritic Cells in Fetal and Newborn Epidermis and Thymus
Authors: Penneys Neal S. , Kott‐Blumenkranz Recia , Buck B.E. , Nadji Mehrdad , Gould E. , Ibe M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Skin and thymus were obtained from abortuses of varying ages and from neonatal autopsies to determine if SlOO‐protein‐containing dendritic cells were present. Using an unlabeled antibody peroxidase‐antiperoxidase method, we could not detect these dendritic cells in epidermis prior to live birth, but did detect them at all fetal ages in thymus. Within 24 hours of live, full‐term delivery, dendritic cells containing SI00 protein were identified in epidermis.
Infantile Psoriasis: A Follow‐up Study
Authors: Farber Eugene M. , Mullen Renata Henzl , Jacobs Alvin H. , Nail Lexie
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The appearance of psoriasis in infancy has been questioned by many dermatologists and pediatricians, although childhood psoriasis is a well‐recognized entity. To elicit further information on this matter, a follow‐up group of nine children who had been diagnosed initially as having infantile psoriasis was reexamined 6 to 13 years later to determine the course of the disease over time. Seven of the nine children had recurrent psoriatic lesions and two remained completely clear after the resolution of the initial eruption. The majority did not have a severe disease course; on the contrary, progression of the illness was mild for most of them. Familial aggregation was noted in almost all of the children. In fact, over the intervening years the number of relatives with psoriasis significantly increased. Most patients were not aware of the role of such factors as infections, injury, and stress in precipitating psoriasis. Participation in a self‐help workshop is recommended as a way for both parents and children to learn to cope with the clinical and psychologic aspects of the illness.
IgA Endomysium Antibody in Children with Dermatitis Herpetiformis Treated with Gluten‐free Diet
Authors: Chorzelski T. P. , Jablonska S. , Chadzynska M. , Madejowska E. , Sulej J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The IgA antibody to endomysium of smooth muscle (IgA‐EmA) was measured in 32 children with confirmed dermatitis herpetiformis who were eating gluten‐free diets. One patient had IgA‐EmA before treatment but had a negative test one month later while on the diet. Two so treated for less than one year still had antibody, but of seven children treated for more than one year with gluten‐free diet, none had detectable antibody. It was present in 13 of 20 children not adhering to the prescribed diet. The antibody was absent in 4 children with linear IgA buUous dermatosis and 43 children with various skin and intestinal diseases. These findings correspond to those in adults with dermatitis herpetiformis and indicate that IgA‐EmA is also a marker for gluten‐sensitive enteropathy in children.
Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus Syndrome
Authors: Oranje Arnold P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBN) is a rare disease entity of which at least 22 cases of pediatric origin have been described since 1958. Only a few known cases have developed in adulthood. This syndrome is characterized by cutaneous, usually multiple, cavernous hemangiomas associated with similar lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. The cutaneous hemangiomas are a variant of the cavernous type, which are generally soft, rubbery, and compressible. Most cases are sporadic, although autosomal dominant inheritance has been described. Complications of this syndrome may include gastrointestinal bleeding leading to anemia, amputations of extremities, and hematologic disturbances such as chronic consumption coagulopathy. Children suffering from BRBN syndrome should be surveyed extensively for comprehensive care. This syndrome is important to consider in cases of unexplained intestinal bleeding. Therapy is mainly symptomatic and directed to complications.
Hereditary Hypotrichosis and Localized Morphea: A New Clinical Entity
Authors: Kulin Pamela , Sybert Virginia P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A family with childhood onset of hypotrichosis and morphea with apparent autosomal dominant inheritance is reported. Careful literature review suggests that this is a previously undescribed disorder.
Developmental and Psychosoial Considerations in Pediatric Dermatology Practice
Authors: Rauch Paula , Jellinek Michael S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The psychologic implications of childhood skin disorders have received too little attention. Viewing these conditions in a broader developmental framework could facilitate practice by improving the doctor‐patient relationship, increasing compliance rates, and enhancing professional satisfactions. Several key developmental points and concepts are relevant to pediatric dermatologic practice.
Sun Protection in Well‐Child Care: Results of a Survey of Florida Pediatricians
Authors: Pupo Ralph A. , Sherertz Elizabeth F. , Flowers Franklin P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Chronic sun exposure has been linked to induction of skin cancers including melanoma and aging changes of the skin, has an adverse effect on certain diseases such as lupus erythematosus and is responsible for druginduced phototoxic reactions. A majority of an individual's lifetime sun exposure may occur during childhood, and thus early photoprotection is desirable. We conducted a written survey of Florida pediatricians regarding their inclusion of sun protection information as part of routine well‐child care. The results indicated that a majority of the pediatricians have awareness of the need for parent and patient education about sun‐related issues, and most (65%) requested further information and educational materials. This study suggests that expanded educational efforts concerning sun‐related health hazards and sun protection would be desirable for physicians involved in pediatric care, for parents, and for children.
Hemifacial Mixed Appendageal Tumor in an Infant
Authors: Robinson Howard N. , Barnett Nancy K.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We believe this to be the first report of a unilateral mixed appendageal tumor without comedones on the face of an infant. Histologically, the tumor had eccrine, apocrine, and basaloid features. The tumor lobules closely resembled islands of basal cell carcinoma. After reviewing the literature, we speculate that some previous case reports of unilateral basal cell nevus were actually appendageal tumors with basaloid differentiation and not true basal cell carcinomas.
Meningococcal Meningitis with a Benign Skin Rash
Authors: Rubenstein Richard , Esteriy Nancy B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A skin eruption may be one of the early clues to meningococcal meningitis. We treated a boy with meningococcal disease accompanied by an exanthemlike eruption. Although the skin lesions in meningococcal meningitis are traditionally described as petechial, purpuric, or ecchymotic, the absence of these findings should not deter the physician from a clinical suspicion of this potentially fatal infection.
Parvovirus Infections in Childhood
Authors: Listernick Robert
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Human parvovirus (HPV) infections have been associated with several clinical syndromes. The virus is the etiologic agent of erythema infec‐tiosum (fifth disease) and the primary cause of aplastic crises in children with sickle cell disease and other hemolytic anemias. Some individuals with an acute symmetric polyarthritis were found to have a recent HPV infection. Although two stillborn infants with proved HPV infections have been identified, the exact relationship among HPV, intrauterine infection, and subsequent fetal damage requires further research.
Cutaneous Changes Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Paller Amy S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Inflammatory bowel disease often begins during adolescence, but may affect younger children. Associated skin lesions are not uncommon. Occasionally, cutaneous alterations may precede the onset of signs or symptoms of the gastrointestinal disorder. Erythema nodosum and pyoderma gangrenosum are the most common associated specific skin changes, but numerous others may be found. Although the skin condition often responds to treatment of the bowel, it may require additional therapy.
Tinea Faciei in Infants Caused byTrichophyton tonsurans
Authors: Raimer Sharon S. , Beightler Eliose L. , Hebert Adelaide A. , Head Elizabeth S. , Smith Edgar B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Tinea faciei has been observed periodically in children, however, it is a relatively rare occurrence in infancy. We examined three infants with tinea faciei caused byTichophyton tonsurans. Two of the patients were potassium hydroxide (KOH) negative for fungal hyphae but culture positive, while the third was both KOH and culture positive.Trichophyton tonsuranswas isolated from the scalp of family members in two of the three infants.
Neonatal Pemphigus Vulgaris: Trsmtel Transmission of Antibodies
Authors: Hup J. Middelkamp , Bruinsma R. A. , Boersma E. R. , de Jong M. C. J. M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A male infant with skin lesions was born to a 28‐year‐old mother who was under treatment for pemphigus vulgaris (PV), diagnosed eight years earlier. Circulating IgG class pemphigus antibody was found in the infant's blood, and deposition of IgG in the intercellular spaces of the epidermis was seen. The infant's lesions resolved within three weeks, and pemphigus antibody titer became negative by seven weeks. The pathogenetic role of PV antibodies and the risk for a fetus of a mother suffering from PV are discussed.
Epidermal Langerhans' Cells and Dermal Dendritic Cells in Human Fetal and Neonatal Skin: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Drijkoningen M. , De Wolf‐Peeters C. , Van Der Steen K. , Moerman P. , Desmet V.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The dendritic ceils in skin biopsies from 36 fetuses (from 16 weeks' gestational age on) and neonatal infants of different ages were investigated using a number of markers for various cells of the immune system and immunohistochemistry. Epidermal Langerhans' cells were found in all cases in a predominantly basal localization. The number of OKT6‐positive Langerhans' cells and the development of their dendritic processes gradually increased with age. Dermal dendritie cells were present as well. Both HLA‐DR‐positive and Leu‐10‐positive dermal dendritic cells were found in the superficial and deep dermis, often in a perivascular distribution. The OKT6‐positive dermal dendritic ceils were few in number and occurred only in the upper dermis.
The Epidermal Nevus Syndrome: Case Report and Review
Authors: Goldberg Leonard H. , Couins Scott A. B. , Siegel Daniel Mark
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 33‐year‐old woman had multiple basal cell epitheliomas complicating a large, unilateral nevus sebaceus. Other unilateral epidermal nevi and a contralateral pigmentary nevoid disorder were noted on cutaneous examination. There were signs of skeletal, neurologic, and vascular involvement. This patient illustrates the unpredictable features of the epidermal nevus syndrome and the importance of close follow‐up to manage attendant complications.
Management of Warts in Children
Authors: Douglass Margaret C. , Koblenzer Peter J. , Moroz Brenda , Heskel Neil S. , Goldberg Gerald N. , Hurwitz Sidney , Caputo Raymond V. , Boxall Lionel
Published: March 2008

The ubiquitous wart plagues us all‐patients, parents, atid physicians. Although some of us probably opt for benign neglect, others believe that a temperate or even aggressive approach to therapy is the most appropriate course of action. In this symposium, several practitioners offer their philosophy of therapy as well as specific favored potions and procedures for tackling this problem in chiWren atid adolescents.
Folliculitis Ulerythematosus Reticulata: A Report of Four Cases and Brief Review of the Literature
Authors: Barron David R. , Hirsch Ana L. , Buchbinder Ligaya , Pomeranz Jerome R.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Folliculitis ulerythematosus reticulata (FUR) is an uncommon genodermatosis best classified as one of the keratosis pilaris atrophicans group of disorders. It is characterized by erythema and follicular plugging of the cheeks that evolves into honeycomb atraphy. Associated cutaneous and visceral abnormalities can occur. This report describes four patients with FUR. one with an unaffected twin, a finding not previously reported. The significance of an early and accurate diagnosis is emphasized.
The Yellow Nail Syndrome in an 8‐year‐old Girl
Authors: Magid Morgan , Esterly Nancy B. , Prendiville Julie , Fujisaki Craig
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Yellow nail syndrome is characterized by the triad of abnormally shaped, slow‐growing, yellow nails, lymphedema, and chronic respiratory tract disease. Nail changes may precede the other features by several years. The syndrome is most often seen in middle‐aged individuals and has not been docomented in children under age 11 years. We cared for an 8‐year‐old girl with this disorder.
Sutton's Summer Prurigo: A Morphologic Variant of Atopic Dermatitk
Authors: Menni S. , Piccinno R. , Baietta S. , Pigatto P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We describe in detail 6 of 18 children affected by a recurrent summer papular eruption on the elbows, knees, and backs of the hands. In all six, family history, clinical observation, or laboratory data revealed signs of atopy. Phototesting, performed to evaluate the role of ultraviolet rays in the patho‐genesis of the disease, gave results similar to those obtained in subjects with atopic dermatitis. Therefore we suggest that this disease may be a peculiar morphologic variant of atopic dermatitis.
Congenital Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
Authors: Glover M. T. , Atherton D. J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We treated a newborn who had congenital herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 infection in which extensive skin lesions occurred with no evidence of involvement of other ograns. The correct diagnosis was not made until the fifth day of life, but after effective treatment with intravenous acyclovir this child has remained in perfect health. At his last evaluation at age 18 months, he had no neurologic or ophthalmologic abnormalities. This report should alert pediatricians and dermatologists to the occasinal occurrence of herpes simplex virus infection in apparently healthy neonates and the importance of making an early diagnosis so that death and severe handicap can be avoided.
Technetium‐Labeled Red Blood Cell Imaging to Evaluate Soft Tissue Hemangioma of the Hand
Authors: Levy Itzhak , Danziger Yardena , Mechlis‐Frish Sara , Lubin Ernesto , Mintouni Mark
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Red blood cells labeled with technetium Tc 99m were used to evaluate the vascular nature of a subcutaneous tumor in a 12‐year‐old girl. The low perfusion and high blood pool that characterized the lesion were considered highly suggestive of subcutaneous cavernous hemangioma. This noninvasive method for diagnosing soft tissue hemangiomas is more specific than other imaging modalities such as ultrasound and arteriography. The usefulness and the importance of the method prior to surgical biopsy or resection are disussed.
Chronic Bullous Dermatosis of Childhood Persisting into Adulthood
Authors: Burge Susan , Wojnarowska Fenella , Marsden Allan
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood (CBDC) is an autoimmune, subepidermal bullous disease that, in the majority of patients, remits before the onset of puberty. The disease does not always pursue a benign course, however. We cared for a patient in whom the condition persisted well beyond puberty without clinical or immunologic remission.
Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma Arising in the Nasal Cavity of a 3‐Year‐Old Child
Authors: Pardo Rube J. , Acosta Ralsa E. , Espaillat Jose , Penneys Neal S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 3‐year‐old girl had a large exophytic mass protruding from the nares, of seven months'duration. Routine microsopic studies demonstrated a tumor composed of solid sheets of small cells, with sattered foci lining alveolalike spaces. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of desmin and myoglobin, and the absence of prekeratin, neuron‐specific enolase, and leukocyte common antigen. These observations are consistent with the diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
Pityriasis (Tinea) Versicolor in Infancy
Authors: Nanda Arti , Kaur Surrinder , Bhakoo Omkar N. , Kaur Inderjeet , Vaishnavi Chetana
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor is a common disorder of adults. We cared for five infants (four males and one female) with the disease. Diagnosis was confirmed by potassium hydroxide preparation demonstrating the filaments of Malassezia furfur and/or Pityrosporum orbiculare, the yeast form.Three patients had lesions in the neonatal period. The mother of one baby had pityriasis versicolor. Two patients were siblings. One baby had associated atopic dermatitis and two had a positive family history of atopy.
Etretinate in Severe Psoriasis of Children
Authors: Rosinska Danuta , Wolska Hanna , Jablonska Stefania , Konca Iwona
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Ten children, five with generalized pustular psoriasis and five with erythrodermic disease, were treated with etretinate and observed for up to seven years. In all those with pustular psoriasis, complete clearing was obtained in three weeks to four months, but in one child maintenance therapy had to be introduced twice, for one year each time. In those with erythrodermic psoriasis, the results were favorable only in two, and in two it was necessary to introduce Re‐PUVA. Clinical side effects were slight, and laboratory examinations did not disclose any significant abnormalities. In one child who was treated intermittently for seven years, focal osteoporosis of one tibia was disclosed by radiography. No adverse effects on children's development were noticed.
Pediculosis Capitis: Why Prefer a Solution to Shampoo or Spray?
Authors: Armoni Michael , Bibi Haim , Schlesinger Menachem , Pollak Shlomo , Metzker Aryeh
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Two hundred and sixty‐eight children with pediculosis capitis took part in a comparative study to test the efficacy of five different pediculocides commonly used in Israel. The preparations used were pyrethrin shampoo, pyrethroid spray, malathion solution, carbaryl shampoo and carbaryl lotion. Carbaryl lotion and malathion solution were much more efficient when compared to the shampoo and spray preparations.
Poststeroid Panniculitis: A Case Report
Authors: Silverman Robert A. , Newman Arthur J. , LeVine Mark J. , Kaplan Barbara
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Firm. red. subcutaneous plaques developed on the cheeks of a 19‐month‐old girl during a one‐month period of rapid sieroid withdrawal. The clinical features were most consistent with poststeroid panniculitis. This rare complication of steroid therapy should be differentiated from other causes of red cheeks in children.
Erythema Gyratum Atrophicans Transiens Neonatale: A Variant of Cutaneous Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Puig Lluís , Moreno Abelardo , Alomar Agustín , de Moragas José M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We cared for a patient with neonatal lupus erythematosus with cu taneous and hepatic involvement that was clinically and histologically indistin guishable from erythema gyratum atrophicans transiens neonatale, an entity described by Gianotti and Ermacora in 1975, which we consider to be a sub type of cutaneous neonatal lupus erythematosus. The differential diagnosis of any annular erythema in the newborn requires careful clinicopathologic evalu ation, with direct immunofluorescence studies and determination of anti‐Ro/ SS‐A, anti‐La/SS‐B. and anti‐nRNP antibodies in both the baby and the mother.
Melanomas Arising in Large Congenital Nevocytic Nevi: A Prospective Study
Authors: Gari Lorraine M. , Rivers Jason K. , Kopf Alfred W.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: In 1979 a registry of large (20 cm or more in diameter) congenital nevocytic nevi was established at the NYU Medical Center. To date. 56 patients have been entered. Seven were lost to follow‐up. An additional two patients had melanoma on entry into the study and were therefore excluded from the results of prospectively following such patients for the development of melanoma. Thus, this report concerns 47 individuals who were followed prospectively fora mean of 53 months, only 1 of whom developed melanoma. This was a 2‐month‐oId girl at entry into the study who subsequently developed Tou‐raine's syndrome. She eventually developed a primary melanoma in the central nervous system and died of metastatic disease at the age of 21 months.
Acquired Ichthyosis in a Child with Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Grattan C. E. H. , Williams D. M. , Raafat F. , Manna V.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A generalized ichthyosiform eruption developed in a 13‐year‐old boy three weeks before presentation with a paravertebral rhabdomyosarcoma. His skin returned to normal shortly after the onset of chemotherapy and remission of the tumor. This case is unusual because the ichthyosis developed acutely, following a generalized urticarial eruption, and also involved the palms and soles.
Inability to Produce White Dermographism in the Early Stage of Infantil Eczema
Authors: Aizawa Harumi , Tagami Hachiro
Published: March 2008

Abstract: White dermographism constitutes an abnormal vascular reaction characteristically demonstrable in atopic dermatitis; however, there is no information about it in the infantile phase of atopic dermatitis. Therefore we examined 73 infants younger than 3 years of age with eczematous dermatitis for the demonstrablity of white dermographiam after mechanical strocking of the lesional skin. None of the 40 healthy control infants showed white dermographism on their normal skin. In contrast, an age‐dependent increase was demonstrated in patients with infantile eczema, from 11% in those 1 to 2 months of age to 85% in those older than 7 months. There was no correlation between the demonstrabllity of white dermographism in early infancy and the prognosls of infantile eczema. Based on our study of various types of dermatitis experimentally induced in adult volunteers, we think that, in addition to the immaturity of infantile skin, the presence of acute dermatitic changes may be related to Inabllity to demonstrate with dermographism in the early phase of infantile eczema.
Neutrophilic Eccrine Hidradenitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bailey Debra L. , Barron David , Lucky Anne W.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a recently recognized dermatosis occurring in patients receiving chemotherapy for a variety of malignancies. We report the second pediatric case. An 11‐year‐old boy with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma developed widespread erythematous papulopustules beginning two days after receiving high‐dose cytarabine (Ara‐C) in preparation for a bone marrow transplant. The lesions spontaneously regressed in two weeks. Histologic examination revealed a neutrophilic infiltrate around and within the eccrine ducts and secretary coils. Bacterial, fungal, and viral cultures were negative. these findings are characteristic of NEH. The condition should be differentiated from infectious dermatoses that may require treatment.
FETAL HYDANTOIN SYNDROME?
Authors: NANDA ARTI , KANWAR AMRINDER J. , KAUR SURRINDER , VERDEGUER JUAN M.
Published: March 2008

Letters to the Editor are wdcomed for publication (subject to editing). Letters must be signed by aU authors, typewrittes double spaced, and most not exceed two pages of text including references. Two copies of all letters should be submitted. Letters should not duplicate material snbmitted or published in other Journals. Prepublication proofs will not be provided.
Salmon Patches in Caucasian Children
Authors: Leung Alexander K. C. , Telmesani Abdulwahab M. A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Eight hundred eight Caucasian newborn term infants (440 males, 368 females) and 1575 Caucasian children (806 males, 769 females) were examined for the presence of salmon patches. The patches were present in 43.6% of males and 43.8% of females in the immediate neonatal period. They were not detected in boys after age 6 and in girls after age 5 years. The most frequent site was the nape, followed by the glabellum, eyelids, nose, and upper lip.
Benign Cephalic Histiocytosis: Report of Four Cases
Authors: de Luna Margarita Larralde , Glikin Irene , Golberg Julio , Stringa Sergio , Schroh Roberto , Casas José
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We cared for four patients with benign cephalic histiocytosis, a self‐healing non‐X, nonlipid cutaneous histiocytosis of children. The age of onset of the disease was 5 to 9 months, with papules and erythematous macules Involving the head (mainly the cheeks), and posterior spread to the trunk and limbs in three patients. Microscopic examination of skin biopsies revealed a histiocytic infiltrate in the superficial dermis that was S100 protein‐negative by immunoperoxidase (PAP method). One patient showed comma‐shaped bodies and desmosomelike junctions on electron microscopy. No Birbeck's granules were present. Benign cephalic histiocytosis is a self‐limiting condition that requires no treatment.
Xanthogranuloma: Report on Clinical and Histologic Findings in 64 Patients
Authors: Cohen Bernard A. , Hood Antoinette
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Although xanthogranulomas are frequently encountered by pediatricians and dermatologists, data on the course of this tumor are restricted to several series with limited follow‐up. We report on our experience with 64 patients whom we were able to identify from the surgical files. Our data support the currently held view that xanthogranulomas are generally benign, self‐limited lesions. They may persist or continue to erupt for years, however, particularly in individuals who develop the first lesion after age 20 years.
Pediatric Bowenoid Papulosis: Risks and Management
Authors: Weltzner Jay M. , Fields Kenneth Wayne , Robinson Morton J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 34‐month‐old Haltian girl had a six‐month history of asymptomatic vulvar papules. Histologic features and DNA probe studies were diagnostic of bowenold papulosis. Resolution of the lesions was enhanced by cryotherapy. This is the third reported patient with prepubertal bowenold papulosis. Sexual abuse should be suspected, but not assumed, in pediatric patients with this condition. Our patient had no evidence of sexual abuse. Bowenold papulosis has been associated with cervical intraepithellal neoplasia and rarely with squamous cell carcinoma. Close gynecologic fellow‐up is recommended.
Epidermal Nevus Syndrome: Case Report and Review of Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Eichler Cralg , Flowers Franklin P. , Ross John
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The epidermal nevus syndrome is a disorder characterized by epidermal nevi and associated neurologic, skeletal, and other abnormalities. We cared for a 3‐month‐old male with multiple epidermal nevi and severe central nervous system involvement.
Shock in an Infant with Bullous Mastocytosis
Authors: Poterack Catherine D. , Sheth Kumudchandra J. , Henry David P. , Eisenberg Carl
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 6‐month‐old infant had bullous lesions on his posterior neck, upper trunk, and extremities for two months prior to admission for fever and shock. He had an elevated white blood cell count with left shift and normal platelet count, but abnormal coagulation studies. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics, crystalloids, fresh‐frozen plasma, and pressor agents. A histamine H2 receptor antagonist was started for guaiac‐positive nesogastric tube drainage. The patient recovered after four days of treatment. A skin biopsy confirmed mastocytosis. A week iater the child passed grossly bloody stools with blood clots. No source of gastrointestinal bleeding was identified by extensive work‐up. Blood histamine level measured one day before gastrointestinal bleeding was 16,400 pg/ml (normal 263±202 pg/ml). The bleeding resolved spontaneously. The patient was maintained on cimetidine. Results of a subsequent bone scan were normal. Shock or gastrointestinal bleeding associated with unusual skin lesions should alert the pediatrician to the possibility of mastocytosis.
Xanthomas and the Inherited Hyperlipoproteinemias in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Maher‐Wiese Virginia L. , Marmer Ellen L. , Grant‐Kels Jane M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Early recognition of the hyperlipoproteinemias is a crucial element in preventing premature coronary artery disease. Xanthomas provide a cutaneous marker of the silent, underlying pathology. Identifying them, and understanding their relation to the inherited hyperlipoproteinemias may facilitate early diagnosis of hyperlipoproteinemias in pediatric patients. The dermatologist plays an important role in identifying these lesions and in subsequently facilitating prompt referral and treatment.
Papulonecrotic Tuberculid in a 9‐Year‐Old American Girl: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sloan Joanna B. , Medenica Maria
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Papulonecrotic tuberculid is a rare cutaneous manifestation of tuberculosis that can also be associated with other mycobacteria. Clinically, it is an asymptomatic, recurrent eruption of papules with a necrotic center in a symmetric, acral distribution. Tubercle bacilli are not present in skin biopsies. The eruption resolves promptly with antituberculoid therapy. Few patients with this entity have been reported in the United States over the last 50 years. We report a 9‐year‐old, otherwise healthy, American girl whose sole initial findings were lesions of papulonecrotic tuberculid secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The Association of Keratosis Pilaris Atrophicans with Hereditary Woolly Hair
Authors: McHenry P. M. , Nevin N. C. , Bingham E. A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We describe a father and his daughter with keratosis pilaris atrophicans facei, ulerythema ophryogenes, and hereditary woolly hair, an association that has been described only once in the literature.
Preschool Sarcoidosis Masquerading as Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Sahn Eleanor E. , Hampton Marta T. , Garen Paul D. , Warrick Jay , Smith Daniel , Silver Richard M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Preschool sarcoidosis is characterized by the triad of skin, joint, and eye disease without pulmonary involvement. Arthritis and uveitis are also frequently seen together in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. We report two patients with preschool sarcoidosis, both of whom were initially diagnosed and treated as having juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Skin biopsy is an important early diagnostic procedure to differentiate the conditions. The uveitis in both diseases can have serious sequelae.
Rapp‐Hodgkin Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Felding Inga B. , Bjdrklund Lars J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Rapp‐Hodgkin syndrome is an uncommon, autosomai dominant condition characterized by distinctive craniofacial anomalies, cleft lip or palate, poor dentition, poor hair growth, dystrophic nails, and hypohidrosis, and hypospadias in boys. Since the originai report in 1966, fewer than 20 other patients have been described. We report a new sporadic case, a 12‐year‐oid boy who had erythrodermia and scaling skin at birth, and later developed most of the symptoms and findings previously described.
Giant Centrifugal Miliaria Profunda
Authors: Rogers Maureen , Kan Alex , Stapleton Karen , Kemp Andrew
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 4‐month‐old developed rapidly enlarging, white plaques up to several centimeters in diameter in areas where occlusive tape had been applied, almost all on the sites of venous or arterial punctures. Microscopy demonstrated the features of miliaria profunda, with sweat duct occlusion and evidence of extravasation of sweat into the dermis. This clinical entity has not been described previously, and we suggest the name giant centrifugal miliaria profunda.
Immunologic Investigations in Eight Patients with Incontinentia Pigmenti
Authors: Menni Silvano , Piccinno Roberta , Biolchini Angela , Plebani Anna
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We studied eight patients with incontinentia pigmenti to investigate the possibility of immunologic abnormalities. In six patients a defect of polymorphonuclear chemotaxis was revealed; lymphocyte subpopulations, serum immunoglobulin levels, and peripheral eosinophiIs were within normal limits. We hope these findings will stimulate further investigations into the mechanisms involved.
Focal Dermal Hypoplasia (Goltz Syndrome) with Horseshoe Kidney Abnormality
Authors: Suskan Emine , Kürkçüoğlu Nazif , Uluoğlu Ömer
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 10‐year‐old girl had focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome). She showed the characteristic skin manifestations, mental and physical underdevelopment, and facial, dental, skeletal, ophthalmologic, and urinary abnormalities. In addition, she had a horseshoe kidney abnormality.
Ichthyosis Follicularis in Two Girls: An Autosomal Dominant Disorder
Authors: Rothe Marti J. , Weiss Darryl S. , Dubner Barry H. , Weitzner Jay M. , Lucky Anne W. , Schachner Lawrence
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Ichthyosis follicularis (IF) is a rare disorder of keratinization that has been described primarily in males and proposed as a possible X‐linked disorder. We report two black girls with nonscarring alopecia; photophobia; follicular hyperkeratoses; hyperkeratosis of the extensor aspects of the hands, knees, and elbows; fixed, erythematous, perineal plaques; and angular cheilitis who seem to fit the clinical criteria for IF. One girl also had gingival hypertrophy and a hearing deficit. One child's father had identical symptoms. We propose that these girls may have a variant of IF that is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
Neurofibromatosis 1; Recognition and Management of Associated Neuroblastoma
Authors: Hayflick Susan J. , Hofman Karen J. , Tunnessen Walter W. , Leventhal Brigid G. , Dudgeon David L.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Neurofibroma and neuroblastoma both arise from the neural crest, and there has long been speculation regarding a pathogenetic relationship between them. Clinical characteristics do not necessarily distinguish these tumors, therefore the diagnosis of neuroblastoma should be considered in all children with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF‐1) who have a rapidly growing or inaccessible mass. A careful physical examination, imaging studies, and urinary catecholamine measurement are indicated. In a child with NF‐1 and malignancy, direct tissue examination may be necessary to differentiate malignant from nonmalignant tumor and guide therapy. Furthermore, with the significantly increased risk of certain types of childhood cancer in these patients, we recommend evaluation for this common heritable condition in all patients with malignancy.
Congenital Candidiasis Limited to the Nail Plates
Authors: Arbegast Kay D. , Lamberty Leland F. , Koh Jai Kyoung , Pergram Jeannette M. , Braddock Suzanne W.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Numerous case reports have been published of patients with cutaneous congenital candidiasis and neonatal candidiasis; however, this is the first reported case of congenital candidiasis confined to the nail plates. A subplacental candidal abscess, funisitis, and demonstration of hyphal invasion of fetal nail plates supported the diagnosis.
Reticular Erythematous Mucinosis Syndrome: Review of the World Literature and Report of the Syndrome in a Prepubertal Child
Authors: Cohen Philip R. , Rabinowitz Asher D. , Ruszkowski Anne Marie , DeLeo Vincent A.
Published: March 2008

An 8–year–old boy with reticular erythematous mucinosis syndrome had erythematous plaques on his chest, face, and arms for three years. Sun exposure resulted in pruritus and increased lesions. Histologic examination revealed a perivascuiar mononuciear celi infiltrate with hematoxylln and eosin staining, positive staining materiai between the dermal coilagen bundles with alcian blue (pH 2.5) staining, and granular basement membrane deposits of IgM with direct immunofluorescence staining. Results of all lupus erythematosus serologies and porphyrin studies were negative. Minimai erythema dose determinations to ultraviolet A and B were normai, and the lesions could not be induced with high doses of irradiation. Topical sunscreens, corticosteroid cream, and systemic beta–carotene produced no therapeutic benefit.
Pachyonychia Congenita: A Clinical Study of 12 Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Su W. P. Daniel , Chun Soo II , Hammond David E. , Gordon Hymie
Published: March 2008

Twelve cases of pachyonychia congenita were reviewed. The mode of inheritance was autosomal dominant The ciinical features of these patients included thickened nails, hyperiteratosis of the palms and soles, thinning of hair or alopecia, painful bullae or ulcerations of the palms and soles, leukokeratosis oris, verrucous lesions of the extremities, hyperhidrosis, premature eruption of teeth, paronychial infections, epidermal cysts with miiia, and corneai dyskeratosis at times associated with cataracts. Biopsy from the plantar lesions usually revealed marked hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, moderate hypergranulosis, and minimal dermal infiammatory infiltration. Treatment with keratolytic agents and lubricants is indicated to areas of palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis but usually produces only transient benefit. Squamous cell carcinoma developed in one of the patients over the site of chronic plantar ulcerations. Areas of chronic bullous formation or ulceration should be observed for possible skin malignancy.