bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
You Oughta Know: Examining Author Geography and Gender in Information Science
Authors: Buchanan George , McKay Dana
Published: October 2022

Publication is a vital part of the career of any researcher. There is an increasing awareness that the presented gender of authors can impact their acceptance at competitive venues, and also influence the support they receive to participate in conferences. Similarly, geography and the associated costs of travel to conferences also impact the likelihood a potential author will submit to a conference. Recent research has examined these impacts in the context of related disciplines within computing and considered the gender profile of reviewers and authors at the iConference. This paper examines the impact of gender and geography on the representation of authors in the ASIST Annual Meeting and the JASIST journal. Through an evaluation of the first authors of accepted papers or articles, we assess the relative representation of genders, and the degree to which conference location impedes or enables authors from different regions. Our findings provide a foundation for the information science community to work towards better representation of female and international authors.
Understanding the Information Creation Practices of LGBTQIA+ Community Health Workers
Authors: Kitzie Vanessa L. , Vera A. Nick , Wagner Travis L.
Published: October 2022

This paper reports on preliminary findings from an action research project partnering health sciences librarians with community health workers (CHWs) who are LGBTQIA+ to create information resources for the CHW’s community. Findings report on twelve virtual semistructured interviews with CHWs from South Carolina and eleven virtual brainstorming meetings between CHWs and health sciences librarians. The authors analyzed verbatim interview and meeting transcripts using a combination of deductive and inductive qualitative coding. Findings demonstrate 1) external barriers constrain and motivate information creation; 2) the presence of preexisting information, knowledge, and resources within the CHWs’ communities; 3) that CHW‐librarian pairs brainstormed how to codify and iterate what already exists; 4) that librarians adopted a reference role when brainstorming and suggested resource ideas within and outside of the CHWs’ communities. Implications include strategies that researchers and practitioners can adopt to leverage existing experiential and embodied knowledge within LGBTQIA+ communities.
Talk it Out: Teen Reactions to a Supportive Conversational Agent
Authors: Lopatovska Irene , Turpin Olivia , Yoon Ji Hee , Brown Diedre , Vroom Laura
Published: October 2022

COVID‐19 measures of isolation exacerbated the negative feeling, particularly in younger and older populations. We tested a voice conversational agent designed to support teens by offering interactions based on five types of behavioral interventions (compassion, self‐compassion, positive psychology, mindfulness, and humor), and examined teen reactions to these interventions. Thirty‐nine adolescents were asked to assess one randomized interaction a day for fifteen days. All five intervention types received positive ratings, with self‐compassion scoring the highest and compassion scoring the lowest by the participants. Participants shared more positive than negative feedback about the interaction scenarios, the perceived agent’s personality and conversational flow. Positive feedback emphasized enjoyment and benefits of the interaction, empathetic traits in the agent’s responses, a sense of validation, and moments for self‐reflection fostered by the interactions. Participants enjoyed the conversation flow that felt similar to a natural conversation. Negative comments generally revolved around perception of the impersonal agent, inappropriate pace of conversation (too slow/fast) or number of conversational turns, and dislike of some interaction topics. Recommendations based on this exploratory work are included.
Banned, Challenged, Questioned, or Lost? Information Access and the Path to an Information‐Resilient Society: ASIS&T Midwest Regional Chapter
Authors: Brannon Brittany , Bossaler Jenny , Dickey Timothy J. , Hajibayova Lala , Kohlburn Joe , Oltmann Shannon M. , Smith Andrew J. M.
Published: October 2022

Historically, librarians and information professionals have professed and supported tenets of free thought and free access to all information. Guides, literature, conference sessions, and classroom exercises help guide LIS students and librarians through the provision of controversial materials. However, information professionals work within the political and practical boundaries of their institutions. They rely on imperfect and mediated technologies for access to information and communication. The reality is that such constraints, as well as external politics and broader societal and cultural challenges, can and do affect access to information. Librarians are thus limited in their impact by both internal and external factors.

This panel joins the perspectives of LIS researchers and practitioners. The discussion will demonstrate disparate threads that exemplify current research on information access challenges, successes, and opportunities in a variety of contexts. Part of contributing to an information‐resilient society is being aware of the many ways that society censors or limits access to ideas and knowledge. The panel will discuss ways to create more equitable access to technology and digital information, provision of health and wellness information, the impact of user‐generated social media reading recommendations, persistent access to dissertation research information, and the hotly contested space of drag story‐times at libraries. The research projects illustrate a wellspring of opportunities for resistance against societal limitations on knowledge and illustrate ways to reinforce core values of the profession.
Professional Development in Crisis: Toward Resilient Society
Authors: Rorissa Abebe , Mawire Blessing , Shah Chirag , Sonnenwald Diane , Khazaree Emad , Imeri Aylin , Hilal Imane
Published: October 2022

Professional development is one of the pillars of personal and professional success because it is the catalyst for professional fulfillment and a way to improve one's skills and excel professionally. However, this subject is not addressed enough in academic courses, therefore students and new recruits start learning while being challenged without strong enough prerequisites to support them. The objective of the panel is to gather ideas from different scholars and professionals; to exchange ideas and experiences around the different themes of this subject to empower students and professionals in their early career stages and make them more resilient in a hyper‐competitive society and uncertain world.
Information Needs of Blue‐Collar Workers: Welding Challenges and the Potential of Smart Welding Tools
Authors: Hill Katherine M. , Tunis Rachel , Pejlatowicz Pablo M. , Fleischmann Kenneth R. , Greenberg Sherri R. , Longoria Raul G. , Bendana Jose
Published: October 2022

Research on work and occupations in the information field have largely focused on white‐collar jobs. Little is known about the information and technology experiences and behaviors of workers in blue‐collar jobs. This study examines the user experiences of current welding tools and welding training and asks how integration of information feedback through smart technology in welding tools can help welders do their jobs safer, easier, and faster. We conducted 14 in‐depth interviews with members of Longhorn Racing, a student organization that designs, builds, and tests race cars. Participants experienced frustrations with the dangerous and technical setup and the limited vision and information feedback from welding tools. Many argued that the integration of smart technology into welding tools could improve their experience. These innovations could lead to faster training and reduced attrition in the welding industry. Further, this research points to the urgent need for more research on blue‐collar workers in the information field.
Human‐Driven Models: A Case Study of Geologists as They Engage with Data for Decision Making
Authors: Keefer Donald A. , Blake Catherine
Published: October 2022

The value of geologic data is well established and demonstrated by efforts such as EarthChem and EarthCube. Although these communities are active in the documentation and preservation of geologic data, more work is needed to understand how geologists use this data to address specific problems. In this preliminary analysis, we focus on the information behaviors of professional geologists as they engage with multiple data streams to make decisions. Using semi‐structured interviews and grounded theory, our findings document how a single data point can drive changes to existing models. Responses also show that geologists view their experiences in data collection as critical and they use their knowledge and experience to iteratively re‐assess the context and fitness of their data as they search for coherent interpretations that resolve data‐model conflicts.
Integrated but Isolated: Implications from a Systematic Review of the Access Control Ecosystem for Individual Participant Data in Clinical Studies
Authors: Lee Jian‐Sin , Jeng Wei
Published: October 2022

While the importance of open science is further highlighted during the pandemic, the challenges of managing and sharing individual participant data (IPD) derived from clinical studies never cease. The nature of IPD, e.g., confidentiality or sensitivity, makes it difficult to maintain a good balance between data sharing and individual privacy protection. To date, many access control mechanisms for IPD do exist, but conventional solutions and services are deemed scattered and still not in place. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the IPD sharing tensions, we conducted a systematic literature review with 64 academic publications that discuss the access control mechanisms built for IPD in clinical studies. Via the knowledge infrastructure (KI) framework, we identified nine key aspects involved and the relationships between major stakeholders in the IPD access control ecosystem. Our results anticipate informing the future design of an IPD management checklist that data professionals can use to guide their clients when releasing sensitive biomedical data.
Intersectional Information Work Practices: Surfacing Care amidst COVID‐19
Authors: Poole  , Poole Alex H.
Published: October 2022

This paper brings together and enriches the heretofore dispersed literature on information work and information practices. It does so under the auspices of Critical Race Theory (CRT), specifically intersectionality, and care work. Using the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United States as the context for an exploratory, qualitative case study, we propose the concept of intersectional information work practices (IIWP) to denote the cluster of information‐centric tasks in which Black women carers engaged. Seeking, scanning, searching, monitoring, finding, receiving, retrieving, using, and sharing information—Black women carers performed each of these IIWPs in dealing with health care providers, tests, illness and treatment, wellness, logistics, and avoiding misinformation. An IIWP lens sheds light on the too often invisible labor of Black women carers. Such a lens also brings into high relief the importance of scrutinizing power and (in)equity, race, gender, and class in exploring foundational Information Science concepts.
Virtual Vessels of Empowerment: Exploring Everyday Resilience Building Tactics in Online Forums Focused on Nurturing Professional Development of Women in Technical Domains
Authors: Sengupta Subhasree
Published: October 2022

Work and learning are essential facets of our existence, yet socio‐cultural barriers may limit access and opportunity in such contexts. Women historically have faced several restrictions that have hindered their entry into professional ventures. Such constraints also manifest in technical domains, due to the sociocultural barriers in these fields which have placed such voices at the margins. These barriers have been associated with strife, turmoil, and emotional strain for those affected. Hence, it is important to investigate how women can subvert such structural limitations and can find channels through which they can seek support and guidance to navigate their careers. Motivated by this aim, this work through mixed inferences drawn from content and emotion analysis of 1,062 conversational threads embarks on a preliminary investigation of a subreddit (r/girlsgonewired) to understand the ways in which community practices may emerge in such channels to provide various dimensions of support and resilience‐building to help manage the struggles and travails of everyday life. The long‐term goal for this work is to address the way in which such channels can be designed, maintained, and curated to offer spaces for enrichment, empowerment, and advocacy with a focus on professional development for women in technical domains.
Ocean's 11 ‐ Librarians ‘22: A Conversation about the Impossibility of Staying Good at Your Job in the Information Professions
Authors: Twidale Michael , Bonn Maria , Lenstra Noah , Ocepeck Melissa , Palmer Carole L.
Published: October 2022

In this interactive event, we will discuss possible futures for LIS education and 21st century librarianship, using librarianship as a case study for the rapidly changing demands for expertise across the information professions. In keeping with the conference theme of an information‐resilient society, we will host and encourage conversation about the education and skills that support resilient information professionals.
An Information‐Resilient Big‐Data Workbench with PDP‐DREAM Software
Authors: Anand Aniruddh , Taswell Carl
Published: October 2022

PORTAL‐DOORS Project DREAM Software, available as an open‐source C#‐centric codebase from a Github public repository at PDP‐DREAM, implements the PDP‐DREAM principles and PDP‐FAIR metrics with web‐enabled workbench software for distributed data repositories in the Nexus‐PORTAL‐DOORS‐Scribe Cyberinfrastructure. PDP‐DREAM Software has been developed for Microsoft platform technologies with ASP.NET Core, SQL Server, and Internet Information Server. As a web‐enabled workbench, PDP‐DREAM provides many features for big data management with tools and services to support information resilience in defense of truth in science and integrity in research.
“Prove It!” A User Centered Design for the Blockchain‐Based Research Lifecycle Transparency Framework
Authors: Chang Yun‐Chi , Kung Li‐Fei , Hsiao Hsu‐Chun , Jeng Wei
Published: October 2022

This work develops a user‐centric interface for an existing blockchain‐based research transparency framework. As researchers in different disciplines may have different research data management and reproducibility needs, we first conducted an exploratory study to comprehend their motivations and expectations when managing research records. We analyzed data from a design thinking workshop with 17 participants and conducted six interviews. We have three critical components in a user‐centric interface design: 1) user‐decided autonomy, 2) a progress dashboard, and 3) research‐team management. In the future, we would like to build an scholarly information ecosystem that fosters safe research lifecycle transparency with the assistance of technology. Thus, we plan to accumulate more interview data from different fields to improve the design of the user‐centric client.
Screen Media Modeling & Mentoring: Parents' Views
Authors: Cox Evelyn D. , Abbas June M. , Munyao Moses M. , Agosto Denise E.
Published: October 2022

Screen media modeling and mentoring is an important factor of family media practices and for tech readiness of digital youth. The authors conducted a qualitative study to examine the media practices within families with children ages 5–11. Semi structured interviews with 51 parents revealed that parents and other significant people, such as grandparents, siblings, friends, and community members, mentor or model media practices with children but practices vary between families and within contexts. Further, there are direct and sustained impacts on children's screen media behaviors when parents actively participate in mentoring or modeling of screen media with their children. Findings also shed light on other influencing factors of screen media engagement, such as modeling styles, parent's prior experience and comfort with technology, personal backgrounds, and concerns about their own use of screen media. Findings are useful as information professionals engage with children when navigating the post‐Covid digital landscape.
The Incessancy of #gobacktothekitchen and Responses to Normalized Online Misogyny
Authors: Daly Diana , Smith Maddie Raeann , Bao Duo
Published: October 2022

This research arose from the iVoices project collection of student technology experiences guiding research. In response to students being told to “go back to the kitchen” while gaming and reading as “female”, our team analyzed TikTok for videos hashtagged #gobacktothekitchen and #backtothekitchen across a one‐year period. We also performed deeper analysis on comeback appeals eliciting or offering suggestions of responses to “Go back to the kitchen” and related misogyny and their responses. We found videos were typically created by “girl gamers” toward whom “back to the kitchen” misogyny had been directed, and who tagged them to assign networked meanings to their experiences, encapsulate their struggles for broad publics, and find validation with users sharing similar experiences. A salient theme in comeback appeal posts was performing positions of power to gain leverage over aggressors, while comments frequently offered support from other “girl gamers” and reinforcement of misogynistic stereotypes by male‐identified aggressors.
Sensitively Describing Objects Made to Represent Humans: A Case Study of Dolls at the Strong National Museum of Play
Authors: Graf Ann
Published: October 2022

This poster will present early findings on a study of 188 records for dolls at the Strong National Museum of Play in Rochester, New York, examined for evidence of descriptive practices applied to objects representing non‐white humans. The work represented herein is preliminary in nature and will provide a model for further, in‐depth research on how catalogers approach description of objects that are not human, yet that represent humans real or imaginary. While much research has been carried out on culturally insensitive description and subject headings applied to racial, cultural, and other human groups (Drabinski, 2013; Roberto, 2008; Watson, 2021), there is a lack of research that examines the same kinds of description applied to objects that represent humans.
A Preliminary Analysis between Available and Shared Resources for the Lebanese Job Crisis
Authors: Khoury Christy
Published: October 2022

The Port of Beirut, Lebanon explosion on August 4, 2020, forced increased emigration of the Lebanese people, as they sought stability outside of their economically and politically volatile country (Farhat, 2021). Thus, families remaining in Lebanon are more dependent than ever on remittances. However, the ability of families to receive remittances is contingent on the success of those emigrating from Lebanon to gain employment. Job seekers often turn to the internet for career information from communication platforms like Reddit and dedicated job forums, like Jobs for Lebanon, among other institutional resources. This study focuses on these online institutional resources' hyperlink network, as hyperlink networks can represent a collective public good (Fu & Shumate, 2016). Data collection resulted in a network of 148 institutions. Yet with the plethora of resources available, the Lebanese community is still undergoing ineffective job searching. This preliminary research explores thse barrier between institutionally presented job resources and Lebanese job seekers by comparing the structure of the existing institutional resource network to resources shared in a leading online community. A network analysis of 148 institutions reveals: (1) unproductive job information exchange between major institutions, and (2) an opportunity for institutions to better support Lebanese job seekers.
Intertwining Search and Non‐Search Activities during Cross‐Session Search Tasks
Authors: Li Yuan , Capra Rob
Published: October 2022

Users often conduct cross‐session searches to look for information over time, especially for complex tasks. Cross‐session search activities may be intermixed with periods of direct engagement to implement the work task (potentially based on information found during search). Much prior work has focused on analyzing the changes in search activities between sessions and on trying to predict task continuation. Less consideration has been paid to the non‐search task activities and their influence on search sessions. We conducted a diary study to investigate cross‐session search behavior in real‐life tasks. Our preliminary analysis identified eight types of non‐search task activities people conducted in‐between their cross‐session search processes. We also observed three different patterns regarding how users' search sessions intertwined with non‐search activities. Our findings provide evidence‐based insights about cross‐session search process in real‐world task contexts and provide insight into the underlying reasons for users' search behaviors during cross‐session search.
Redeeming by Unlearning: A Critical Discourse Analysis of COVID‐19 Vaccine Hesitancy on Facebook
Authors: Ma Jinxuan , Bonnici Laurie
Published: October 2022

As false and debunked claims about the COVID‐19 virus and vaccines were pervasively disseminated across online social networks, their detrimental effects necessitated that social media companies track down and remove the disinformation. To explore the lingering vaccine hesitancy and resistance within a vaccine discussion group on Facebook, this study applies a nascent framework called Information Acts in three communication styles. Employing critical discourse analysis methodology, this study showed that the dominant communication styles of vaccine hesitant participants (VHPs) are locutionary and perlocutionary acts. Those VHPs can reduce and eventually end their vaccine hesitancy and resistance in the process of informative and rational communication and interactive and ad‐hoc support for informed decision‐making. The results pose challenges and opportunities for public health communication and information provision to cultivate information resilience and interventions targeting VHPs.
Cross‐Analysis of Researchers' Different Shared File Management Activities in Cloud Storage
Authors: Oh Kyong Eun
Published: October 2022

Using cloud storage for collaborative projects has become common practice among researchers. However, despite its popularity, we lack an understanding of researchers' shared file management practices in cloud storage. More importantly, although researchers engage in various shared file management activities (i.e., create, update, organize, find/re‐find, keep, archive, and delete) in cloud storage, no studies have comparatively investigated these activities. Based on 475 responses from researchers collected through an online survey, this study examined researchers' different shared file management activities by focusing on the differences in the frequency, perceived ease of use, and satisfaction for each activity, and identified well‐supported activities as well as activities that require increased support. This study deepens our understanding of researchers' shared file management practice in cloud storage by cross‐examining an array of shared file management activities, and contributes to the development of tools and applications that better support researchers' shared file management in cloud storage.
Seeing Resilience in Students: Information Literacy as a Social Practice for Academic Instruction Librarians
Authors: Rath Logan
Published: October 2022

This poster will describe a dissertation project that consisted of a questionnaire and interview phase followed by a focus group and semi structured diary phase. This project investigated the theory‐to‐practice gap in seeing information literacy as a socially constructed practice among academic instruction librarians. Phase one consisted of 17 interviews that were coded and analyzed using grounded theory approaches. The second phase of the research introduced the resulting grounded theory to new participants. The participants then took part in two focus groups, one at the start of the semester and one at the end of the fall 2021 semester. Between the two focus groups participants completed semi structured diary entries related to their instruction sessions. Grounded theory approaches were used to modify the original theory into the current iteration.
Self‐disclosure of Mentally Ill individuals in Private Facebook Groups: The Means‐End Chain Model
Authors: Rothschild Nava , Aharony Noa
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on mentally ill individuals' self‐disclosure in Facebook private groups. The research corpus consists of 30 semi‐structured personal interviews. The study was conducted according to a qualitative paradigm and the means–end approach. The aim of the study was to examine which features of Facebook groups, and which personal values encourage the mentally ill to reveal their personal story in private groups. Results indicate that a sense of personal security in the group, self‐fulfillment and, most importantly a sense of belonging to the group are the three main values that contribute to mentally ill individuals' choice to engage in self‐disclosure on Facebook private groups. This research can assist developers to design better tools that will suit the unique needs of mentally ill people and provide them an appropriate platform where they can express their voice.
United for Justice? A Critical Review of Social Justice Research in Information Science and Technology
Authors: Tacheva Zhasmina , Namvarrad Sepideh
Published: October 2022

As calls for justice in science and technology grow louder, the number of studies that seek to center equity and justice continues to grow. While the resulting body of knowledge is commonly assumed to constitute a monolith in terms of its theories, methods, priorities, and communities, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the diversity of the extant justice‐oriented research in information science and technology. Specifically, we show that, similar to other emerging research streams, as certain justice‐oriented works become well‐known and enter the mainstream, the margins once again shift and new, even more progressive ideas appear on the epistemological horizon, fighting for visibility. This study argues that instead of becoming too comfortable with what has now become the justice‐oriented mainstream, the information science and technology literature should learn from the vanguard ideas in this area, some of which are presently being silently neglected.
How Does Awe Fuel Information Seeking? A Mixed‐methods, Virtual Reality Study
Authors: Urban Alex
Published: October 2022

Awe experiences may increase awareness of knowledge gaps and promote inquiry. However, the relationship between awe and exploratory behavior, such as information seeking, remains unclear. To explore awe as an antecedent for information seeking, participants (n = 17) were exposed to a variety of virtual reality (VR) awe elicitors, and their quantitative and qualitative responses were gathered. One day later, participants responded to follow‐up questionnaires. Then, within one week, a stratified sample (n = 4) completed interviews. To determine which awe elicitors were the most curiosity‐provoking, the study utilized descriptive statistics as well as mixed‐effects logistic regressions. The study also included interpretative phenomenological analysis of the qualitative laboratory responses and interview transcripts. The findings suggest that awe‐inspiring VR content may be a valuable technique to promote intrinsic motivations for inquiry, but future design research is necessary to bridge the gap between intent and behavior.
From Communities of Practice to Smart and Connected Communities: Information Sharing Practices Among Social Service Providers
Authors: Slota Stephen C. , Nigam Ishan , Fleischmann Kenneth R. , Greenberg Sherri R. , Cruz David
Published: October 2022

To be a smart and connected community is an aspiration and orientation. A goal of smart and connected communities is to make more effective and consistent use of data, information, and technology, and in many ways to operate at a critical junction between community members and an imagined future structured around a particular vision of the role of government, the role of participation, and often‐conflicting visions of what these might become. This paper reports findings from 32 semi‐structured interviews with stakeholders in the City of Austin Continuum of Care (CoC), a collaborative group of organizations working to end homelessness in the Austin/Travis County region, as well as critical analysis of their collaborative and siloed data resources. The key themes that emerged in this case study include the continual process of “becoming” a smart and connected community, focusing on the development and “accretion” of data and informational infrastructure, and its impact on the communities of practice related to providing services to people experiencing homelessness. The information behaviors of the stakeholders of the CoC demonstrates ongoing movement towards more collaborative resolutions of issues of data quality and interoperability, alongside a negotiation of the role of data‐intensive structuring of collaborations and work.
Potential exposure and risk assessment of agricultural workers to the insecticide chlorantraniliprole in rice paddies
Authors: Lee Jiho , Lee Junghak , Jung Minwoo , Shin Yongho , Kim JiWoo , Kim Jeong‐Han
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND

Exposure of agricultural workers in rice paddies to the insecticide chlorantraniliprole and its subsequent potential health risks were investigated during two scenarios (mixing/loading and hand‐held spraying). The exposure factors, such as the outer dosimeter, inner dosimeter, gauze, and nitrile gloves, were calculated using whole‐body dosimetry to measure dermal exposure. The inhalation exposure was determined using a fiberglass filter which is set with an Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) sampler. A recovery test was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the analytical method.

RESULTS

The exposure amounts of various matrices were calculated from extraction volume and concentration of the target compound. The dermal exposure to chlorantraniliprole was 0.6 mg [0.001% of the total active ingredient (a.i.)] for mixing and loading, and 28.6 mg (0.066% of the total a.i.) for application. The inhalation exposure to chlorantraniliprole was 7.2 μg (1.3%, 1.2 × 10−5% of the total applied a.i.) for mixing and loading, and 1.9 μg (0.006%, 4.4 × 10−6% of the total applied a.i.) for application. The most exposed part of the body was the hand (90.4%) during mixing and loading, whereas the primary sites during application were the thighs (32.8%) and shins (22.6%). For mixing and loading, the amount of actual dermal exposure was 5.5 μg day−1 and that of actual inhalation exposure was 21.9 μg day−1. By contrast, in the application, the amounts of actual dermal and actual inhalation exposures were 34 178.7 and 5.9 μg day−1, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The risk assessment results demonstrated that the risk of chlorantraniliprole exposure in rice paddies was low during application than during mixing and loading. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
RNA sequencing identifies an ovary‐enriched microRNA, miR‐311‐3p, involved in ovarian development and fecundity by targeting EndophilinB1 in Bactrocera dorsalis
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Shengfeng , Li Tianran , Li Haozhe , Zhang Hongyu , Zheng Weiwei
Published: October 2022

Background

The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is a highly invasive pest in East Asia and the Pacific. With the development of pesticides resistance, environment‐friendly pesticides are urgently needed. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of numerous biological processes, including reproduction. Thus, it is significant to identify reproductive‐related miRNAs in this notorious pest to facilitate its control, such as RNAi‐based biopesticides targeting essential miRNAs.

Results

A high‐throughput sequencing was carried out to identify miRNAs involved in reproduction from the ovary and fat body at four developmental stages [1 day (d), 5, 9, and 13 days post‐eclosion] in female B. dorsalis. Results showed that 98 and 74 miRNAs were differentially expressed in ovary and fat body, respectively, during sexual maturation. Gene ontology analysis showed that target genes involved in oogenesis and lipid particle accounted for 33% and 15% of the total targets, respectively. Among these differentially expressed miRNAs, we found by qPCR that miR‐311‐3p was enriched in the ovary and down‐regulated during sexual maturation. Injection of agomir‐miR‐311‐3p resulted in arrested ovarian development, reduced egg deposition and progeny viability. Endophilin B1 was confirmed to be the target of miR‐311‐3p, via dual‐luciferase assay and expression profiling. Knockdown of Endophilin B1 resulted in reproductive defects similar to those caused by injection of miR‐311‐3p agomir. Thus, miR‐311‐3p might play a critical role in female reproduction by targeting Endophilin B1.

Conclusion

Our data not only provides knowledge on the abundance of reproductive‐related miRNAs and target genes, but also promotes new control strategies for this pest. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Spatial–temporal dynamics and determinants of creative class concentration—A study on urban agglomerations in China
Authors: Cui Dan , Hei Ye , Nijkamp Peter , Wu Dianting , Li Guoping , Lv Shuang , Liu Honghong
Published: October 2022

The knowledge spillover effects and the uneven spatial distribution of the creative class have attracted much attention from academia and politicians. Our study provides a comparative quantitative analysis of the spatial–temporal evolution and determinants of creative class concentration in three Chinese agglomerations: Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta, based on the panel data of 2011, 2012, and 2016 at the city level. It is found that the concentration of the creative class in the three above‐mentioned urban agglomerations in China has clear place‐specific differences. Results from the 2SLS regressions show that social tolerance is significantly and positively correlated with the creative class, but has no effect on the distribution of human capital in the three urban agglomerations. The level of economic development and also the degree of living convenience appear to be the main factors influencing the relative density of creative class (RDCC), while industry structure, university and Hukou all have positive effects on the RDCC in the three urban agglomerations. Moreover, the relative importance of the determinants varies according to the creative occupations. For major creative occupations, they are more inclined to concentrate in cities with high social tolerance, optimal industrial structure, high Hukou availability and qualified universities. For finance and health care occupations, cities with a comfortable climate are more attractive to them; while for management groups, cities with optimal industrial structure, high Hukou availability and adequate educational services are more attractive to them.
Cryogenic Temperatures Characterization of an MAPbBr3 Perovskite and a Silicon Photomultiplier for Radiation Detector Applications
Authors: Jegal Jin , Kim Hongjoo , Park HyeoungWoo
Published: October 2022

Methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) perovskites are strong candidates for application as radiation detectors with both semiconducting and scintillating properties. The crystalline phase transition of MAPbBr3 at cryogenic temperatures changes its electrical and optical properties. Herein, the optical and electrical properties of MAPbBr3 are studied as a function of the decreasing temperature for cryogenic radiation detector applications. The optical properties are investigated by measuring the photoluminescence spectra excited using 310 and 410 nm light‐emitting device, while the electrical properties are assessed by measuring the dark current and photocurrent. Furthermore, the premature breakdown voltage and gain of a silicon photomultiplier coupled with MAPbBr3 as a photosensor are measured in relation to the temperature.
An Analytical Study on the Electrochemical Behavior and Nucleation Mechanism of a Zn‐Ni Alloy in a Choline Chloride‐Urea Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Sun Haijing , Wang He , Yang Shuai , Xaikoua Souavang , Zhou Xin , Wang Baojie , Sun Jie
Published: October 2022

In this work, the electrochemical behavior and reversibility of electrodeposition of Zn−Ni alloys were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the Choline chloride Urea (ChCl‐Urea) system. The results show that the electrodeposition of Zn−Ni alloy follows the normal co‐deposition mechanism and is an irreversible process controlled by diffusion. Timing current method (CA) shows that the electrocrystallization mechanism of Zn−Ni alloy follow three‐dimensional instantaneous nucleation, involving several processes: adsorption process (jads), diffusion‐controlled three‐dimensional nucleation/growth process (j3D‐DC), and water reduction process(jWR). The charge of each process was calculated: Qads, Q3D‐DC, and QWR, and it was found that changing potential could control the charge contribution rate. According to the kinetic parameters, the number density N0 (cm−2) and nucleation rate A (S−1) were obtained. According to the best fitting results, Zn−Ni alloy coating was obtained. The microstructure and phase composition of the coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD).
(p‐Chlorophenyl)‐3(2H)pyridazinone Derivatives: Synthesis, in Silico, and AChE/BChE Inhibitory Activity
Authors: BozbeyMerde İrem , Önel Gülce Taşkor , Türkmenoğlu Burçin , Gürsoy Şule , Dilek Esra
Published: October 2022

A series of novel (p‐chlorophenyl)‐3(2H)pyridazinone compounds were synthesized starting from p‐chloroacetophenone as AChE/BChE inhibitors. The chemical structures of all the compounds were identified by spectral analysis. Cholinesterase inhibition activity studies and in silico studies of compounds designed to eliminate the symptomatic effects of Alzheimer's disease and slow down neurodegeneration were evaluated. According to the results obtained, it was revealed that N‐substituted‐(p‐ chlorophenyl)pyridazin‐3(2H)‐one derivatives inhibited enzymes significantly. Ki values were found for acetylcholinesterase in the range of 10.2±4.0–20.9±7.6 nM and for butyrylcholinesterase in the range of 0.70±0.34–1.67±1.12 nM. Compound 5e showed the best effect on AChE activity compared to Tacrine. Also, compound 5b showed the best effect in BChE inhibition. The interactions of the synthesized compounds with the best experimental activities against AChE, BChE, respectively, were investigated by in silico approaches. In molecular docking, 5b compound with AChE crystal structure (PDB ID:1ACJ), binding site and binding parameters of 5e compound with BChE crystal structure were investigated in detail. The results indicated that compound 5b and 5e could be a promising lead compound for further development as a therapeutic agent for Alzheimer's disease.
Aggregation Effect on Phthalocyanine Photocatalytic Degradation Efficiency Using Orange G and Methyl Orange as Test‐pollutant Compounds in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Yılmaz Yusuf , Özdemir Mecit , Sanusi Kayode , Fatomi Nafisat O. , Khoza Phindile B.
Published: October 2022

The effect of aggregation on the photocatalytic behavior of two different water‐soluble phthalocyanines (Pcs) bearing four carboxylic‐acid‐functionalized thiophenyl groups, tetrathiophenycarboxyphthalocyanine (H2TCPc) and tetrathiophenycarboxyphthalocyaninato Zn(II) complex (ZnTCPc) have been investigated. The two compounds, H2TCPc and ZnTCPc, showed considerable solubility in water at pH ≈ 7.4, but were found to aggregate even at a concentration as low as 2.5×10−5 M. Two organic dyes, orange G (OG) and methyl orange (MO), were employed as test‐pollutants which were photodegraded in the presence of the Pcs, with and without Triton X‐100 (TX) surfactant. H2TCPc in the absence and presence of TX showed degradation efficiency (DE) of 5.80 and 8.70 % respectively, for OG degradation. For the same OG degradation, ZnTCPc as photocatalyst gave DE of 6.41 and 28.0 % in the absence and presence of TX, respectively. Whereas for the degradation of MO, H2TCPc DE values were respectively found to be 11.0 and 39.0 % in the absence and presence of TX, while ZnTCPc gave 13.3 and 66.0 %, respectively. The ZnTCPc showed considerable low aggregation compared to H2TCPc in the presence of TX, thus resulting in higher DE compared to that of the latter by a factor of 3.2 and 1.7 for OG and MO degradation, respectively. The singlet oxygen quantum yields (Φ▵) obtained for the two Pcs support the observed DE values, and were measured to be 0.50 (50 %) and 0.12 (12 %) for the ZnTCPc and H2TCPc, respectively. The DFT/TDDFT calculated triplet yields for ZnTCPc (0.79) and H2TCPc (0.020), showed linear correlation with their experimental Φ▵ yields.
Fluorinated Strategies Among All‐Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries from Microperspective
Authors: Yang Fan , Liu Yujing , Liu Tiefeng , Wang Yao , Nai Jianwei , Lin Zongxi , Xu Hao , Duan Dan , Yue Ke , Tao Xinyong
Published: October 2022

All‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are becoming the crucial energy‐storage candidate in achieving both theoretical capacity and safety guarantee. However, the inherent defects of solid electrolytes (SEs) (low ionic conductivity, lack of mechanical properties, weak antioxidant capacity, etc.) and the existence of interfacial issues between electrodes (cathode/electrolyte interface and anode/electrolyte interface) hinder further practical application. To overcome these problems, many approaches have been developed, such as composite solid electrolytes, interfacial coatings, electrolyte additives, etc. Among them, fluorides and its derivatives with good chemical stability are generally believed as one of the significant materials for stabilizing ASSLMBs. In this article, the progress of fluorinated strategies in ASSLMBs is summarized from the aspects of fluorinated SEs and fluorinated interfaces. Meanwhile, the enhanced mechanisms of fluorinated strategies are emphasized from the microscopic view of the nanostructures evolution based on the discussion of emerging analysis technologies such as cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The progress of future fluorinated strategies is prospected, and this review may thus instruct the rational design of high performance ASSLMBs.
Carbon Coated Metal‐Based Composite Electrode Materials for Lithium Sulfur Batteries: A Review
Authors: Cheng Riguang , Xian Xinyi , Manasa Pantrangi , Liu Jiaxi , Xia Yongpeng , Guan Yanxun , Wei Sheng , Li Zengyi , Li Bin , Xu Fen , Sun Lixian
Published: October 2022

Lithium‐sulfur battery is one of the most promising secondary battery systems due to their high energy density and low material cost. During the past decade, great progress has been achieved in promoting the performances of Li−S batteries by addressing the challenges at the laboratory‐level model systems. With growing attention paid to the application of Li−S batteries, new challenges at practical cell scales emerge as the bottleneck. However, challenges remain for the commercialization of lithium‐sulfur batteries. The current review mainly focused on metal‐based catalysts decorated‐carbon materials for enhanced lithium sulfur battery performance. Firstly, the synthesis methods of various carbon‐sulfur composites are discussed, as well as the influence of different material structures on the electrochemical performance. Secondly, a variety of catalysts, including metal atoms, metal oxides, sulfides, phosphides, nitrides, and carbide‐decorated carbon nanomaterials, are systematically introduced to determine how lithium can be enhanced by suppressing polysulfides and promoting redox conversion reactions. Also, analyzed the multi‐step electrochemical reaction mechanism of the battery during the charging and discharging process, and provide a feasible path for the practical application of high energy density lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Use of a combination of phosphorous‐containing epoxy resin and silica fillers for development of flame retardant thermoset polymer composites
Authors: Shree Vibha , Sen Akhil Kumar , Basu Sayantani , Ratna Debdatta
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we report a method of preparation of ambient temperature curable phosphorous containing epoxy resin‐based composites and their flame retardant behavior. The phosphorous containing resin, prepared by reacting the epoxy resin with 9,10‐Dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), shows higher limiting oxygen index (LOI) in the cured state compared to the pure epoxy network. The LOI value is further enhanced due to the incorporation of phosphorous‐containing silica, although the same remains unchanged when pure silica is added. The composites made with phosphorous‐containing resin and pure silica exhibits UL‐94 V‐1 class rating whereas the same made with phosphorous‐containing silica offers V‐0 rating under UL‐94 classification. This observation clearly indicates that the performance is enhanced when phosphorous in incorporated in the resin as well as in the inorganic reinforcing filler.
Use of bupivacaine‐infused absorbable gelatin haemostatic sponge following eye enucleation in a corn snake
Authors: Gomez‐Martinez Maria Isabel , Kumaratunga Vim , Khenissi Latifa
Published: October 2022

A 9‐year‐old, male, 0.69 kg, corn snake was referred for enucleation of its right eye. Pre‐anaesthetic medication consisted of butorphanol (1 mg/kg) and alfaxalone (10 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Orotracheal intubation was then performed. General anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane in 100% oxygen. During the general anaesthesia, the snake was manually ventilated. At the end of the surgery, the orbit was packed with a haemostatic sponge soaked in 0.75 mg/kg of 0.5% bupivacaine. Meloxicam (0.4 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously as a part of the multimodal analgesic protocol. Total anaesthetic time was 90 minutes. Following 2 minutes of sevoflurane discontinuation, the snake started moving and the trachea was extubated. The snake displayed normal behaviour, although a short period of hypothermia was suspected in recovery. No other complications were encountered. The snake was discharged 4 hours after the end of surgery; meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) was prescribed once daily, orally, for 14 days.