bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli infection causes infiltration of heterophilic granulocytes of chick tracheal by the complement and coagulation cascades pathway
Authors: Li Ziqi , Qi Zhao , Wang Xiaoru , Lu Liting , Wang Haiyang , He Zhenjie , Chen Zhe , Shao Ying , Tu Jian , Song Xiangjun
Published: July 2023

Background
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes tracheal damage and heterophilic granulocytic infiltration and inflammation in infected chicks. In this study, we infected chick tracheal tissue with strain AE17 and produced pathological sections with proteomic sequencing. We compared the results of pathological sections from the APEC-infected group with those from the PBS control group; the pathological sections from the experimental group showed hemorrhage, fibrinization, and infiltration of heterophilic granulocytes in the tracheal tissue. To explore the effect on proteomics on inflammation and to further search for the caus.
Results
The tandem mass tag-based (TMT) sequencing analysis showed 224 upregulated and 140 downregulated proteins after infection with the AE17 strain. Based on the results of KEGG in Complement and coagulation cascades, differential protein expression in the Protein export pathway was upregulated.
Conclusions
With these results, we found that chemokines produced by the Complement and coagulation cascades pathway may cause infiltration of heterophilic granulocytes involved in inflammation, as well as antimicrobial factors produced by the complement system to fight the infection together.These results suggest that APEC causes the infiltration of heterophilic granulocytes through the involvement of the complement system with serine protease inhibitors.
Frequency of slight interstitial lung lesions in coronavirus disease 2019 autopsy cases - potential risk factor of severe pneumonia
Authors: Iwashita Hiromichi , Kawabata Yoshinori , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Matsushita Shoichiro , Yamashiro Tsuneo , Matsumura Mai , Yoshimura Yukihiro , Kataoka Toshiaki , Mitsui Hideaki , Suzuki Takehisa , Misumi Toshihiro , Tanaka Tomonori , Ishijima Sosuke , Fukuoka Junya , Iwasawa Tae , Ogura Takashi , Okudela Koji
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to clarify subclinical hidden interstitial lung disease (ILD) as a risk factor of severe pneumonia associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We carefully examined autopsied lungs and chest computed tomography scanning (CT) images from patients with COVID-19 for interstitial lesions and then analyzed their relationship with disease severity. Among the autopsy series, subclinical ILD was found in 13/27 cases (48%) in the COVID-19 group, and in contrast, 8/65 (12%) in the control autopsy group (p=0.0006; Fisher’s exact test). We reviewed CT images from the COVID-19 autopsy cases and verified that subclinical ILD was histologically detectable in the CT images. Then, we retrospectively examined CT images from another series of COVID-19 cases in the Yokohama, Japan area between February–August 2020 for interstitial lesions and analyzed the relationship to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Interstitial lesion was more frequently found in the group with the moderate II/severe disease than in the moderate I/mild disease (severity was evaluated according to the COVID-19 severity classification system of the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare [Japan]) (moderate II/severe, 11/15, 73.3% versus moderate I/mild, 108/245, 44.1%; Fisher exact test, p=0.0333). In conclusion, it was suggested that subclinical ILD could be an important risk factor for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. A benefit of these findings could be the development of a risk assessment system using high resolution CT images for fatal COVID-19 pneumonia.
The first reported occurrence of Mycoplasma conjunctivae in goats in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China: A case report
Authors: Guo Yanan , Wang Jianlin , Liu Hongyan , Wang Jingsong , Wang Jiandong
Published: July 2023

Background
Mycoplasma conjunctivae (M. conjunctivae) belongs to the Mycoplasma species of the Mycoplasma family and it is the main pathogen that causes infectious keratoconjunctivitis in goats. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis (IKC), also known as red eye disease, is a highly contagious disease that is prevalent worldwide.
Case presentation:
In October 2022, a goat farm in Tongxin County, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China began to show leukoplakia in the eyes of goats 3 days later due to the introduction of a batch of goats and no isolation observation. The diseased goat showed listlessness and poor appetite. Its body temperature was as high as 41°C. The eyes began to appear white spots, and its range gradually expanded, covering the entire eyeball. 200 goats were purchased, 40 goats were affected, the incidence rate was 20%. Eye secretions of 15 diseased goats were collected and were amplified by using specific primers. The amplified products were sequenced and phylogenetic trees were constructed. The phylogenetic tree showed that Mco 01, Mco 02, Mco 03, Mco 04, Mco 05, Mco 06, Mco 07, Mco 08, Mco 09, Mco 10, Mco 11, Mco 12, Mco 13, Mco 14 and Mco 15 had the closest genetic distance with the reported M.conjunctivae Goat 655 and M165 / 69 strains, and the self-test support rate with Goat 655 was as high as 98.
Conclusions
This study is the first to identify M.conjunctivae from the eye secretions of goats with IKC in goats from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Under the stress conditions of long-distance transportation, the health status of goats should be highly concerned, and timely prevention of M. conjunctivae disease can improve the survival rate of purchased goats.
Alkaloid-based chemical defenses and diet in six species of Australian poison frogs in the genus Pseudophryne
Authors: Sague Mikayla , Dudaitis Vilma , Plumert Lilja , Umbers Kate D.L. , Saporito Ralph A. , Lawrence J.P.
Published: July 2023

Poison frogs are well known for their ability to sequester alkaloids from their diet of leaf-litter arthropods for use in defense against predators and pathogens. Australian frogs in the genus Pseudophryne represent an understudied lineage of poison frogs, which have the unique ability to both sequester dietary alkaloids and synthesize pseudophrynamine alkaloids. Herein, we describe the alkaloid profiles and diet of six species of Pseudophryne (P. guentheri, P. occidentalis, P. semimarmorata, P. dendyi, P. bibronii, and P. coriacea) to gain a better understanding of how alkaloid defenses and diet are related within and among species. We characterized and quantified alkaloids using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and assessed diet by way of dissection and examination of stomach contents using light microscopy. Our results found that alkaloid profiles varied significantly among species, with pumiliotoxins (dietary-derived) and pseudophrynamines (biosynthesized) being the most abundant alkaloids. Pseudophryne bibronii and P. dendyi contained mostly dietary derived alkaloids, whereas P. coriacea, P. guentheri, P. semimarmorata, and P. occidentalis possessed mostly biosynthesized alkaloids. The stomachs of each species were largely empty, containing mostly soil and few partially digested insects. Our data suggest that frogs eat minimally during the breeding season and therefore a decrease in dietary alkaloids may be compensated for by the biosynthesized pseudophrynamines, which could allow Australian poison frogs to remain defended from predators during this vulnerable time period.
Sperm-depleted males of the two-spotted spider mite can replenish sperm in a few hours
Authors: Yokoi Aina , Sano Taito , Nagase Sayuka , Tanino Ayana , Egas Martijn , Sato Yukie
Published: July 2023

In many animals, males increase their reproductive success by mating as many females as possible. The number of females a male can fertilize is often limited by male competition for access to females, sperm competition, and the cost of sperm production. Especially, recent studies have shown that sperm production is more costly than previously expected. In the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, the number of females a male can inseminate is limited mainly by male competition for access to females. However, in the absence of rivals, males mate with so many females that they can become sperm-depleted. Mating without sperm transfer does not produce any offspring, although it takes time and energy. Therefore, a question arises why males continue to mate even after sperm depletion. In this study, we hypothesized that males continue to mate because sperm is replenished after a short period. To test the hypothesis, we investigated how long it takes for sperm replenishment after sperm depletion. We found that in 3 h, sperm can be replenished enough to inseminate a few females. As 3 h is sufficiently short not to lose the next mating opportunity, the results support the hypothesis. However, the copulation duration after sperm replenishment was significantly shorter than before sperm depletion, indicating that males continue to mate but may alter their mating behavior depending on the amount of sperm they retain.
Shelf-life prediction and correlation between maximum elongation and stabilizer depletion of CMDB propellant
Authors: Liu Jia-ming , Guo Zong-tao , Zheng Jian , Chen Xiong , Xu Jin-sheng
Published: July 2023

In order to predict the storage life of composite modified double base propellant (CMDB propellant) at 298.15K, the correlation between the maximum elongation and the stabilizer depletion of CMDB propellant was studied. The thermal accelerated aging tests were carried out at 323.15K, 333.15K, 343.15K and 353.15K. The changes of MNA content and maximum elongation at different thermal aging temperatures were analyzed and a modified exponential aging model for CMDB propellant was proposed. With MNA content and maximum elongation as aging characteristics, the storage life of CMDB propellants at 298.15K was predicted using the modified Arrhenius equation. The aging mechanism of CMDB propellant was analyzed and the correlation function model of maximum elongation and stabilizer depletion was established. The results show that the maximum elongation and MNA content decrease with aging time and aging temperature increasing. The fitting correlation coefficients of modified exponential aging model are all greater than 0.97, which can better describe the changes of MNA content and maximum elongation of CMDB propellant. The storage life of CMDB at 298.15K is estimated to be 19.19 years and 18.09 years, respectively. The validity of the correlation function between the maximum elongation and the stabilizer depletion is verified. The overall error is less than 15%, which provides a reference for predicting the maximum elongation of CMDB propellant by the consumption of MNA.
Sorption of pure vapours and vapour mixtures by four hardwoods. Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects
Authors: Yadav Pankaj , Bossu Julie , Moigne Nicolas Le , Corn Stéphane , Renzo Francesco , Trens Philippe
Published: July 2023

Water is a universal solvent and swelling agent that is widely used in wood industry in association with organic solvents and salts, whether for the fractionation of biomass and the production of bio-based synthons for the chemical industry, the application of sizing agents and painting for the paper industry, or the incorporation of preservatives to enhance wood durability for the timber industry. The relevance of solvents and technical treatments used for wood-based products requires a proper identification of the specific role of each solvent on wood biopolymers to better understand and predict their influence on wood properties. In particular, wood impregnated with aqueous solutions of organic solvents have shown to give rise to greater swelling than that observed in pure water, described as “hyperswelling”. To understand this phenomenon, the first step is to examine the existing interactions between wood microstructure and the different solvents present in these mixtures. This study is an attempt to bring to light the sorption behaviour of four different hardwoods in water–ethanol vapour mixtures containing increasing molar fractions of ethanol from 0 to 100%. Contrasted sorption behaviour in pure solvents were observed according to wood species having different biochemical composition. This behaviour highlights the different affinities of ethanol and water for the macromolecules present in the wood microstructure. With mixed solvents, peculiar effects were confirmed in sorption behaviour of woods with lower mixed solvent uptake at high partial pressures compared to pure solvents. It is also shown that part of the sorbed ethanol molecules remains chemisorbed in the wood structures at the end of the desorption process.
Predictive value of parathyroid hormone levels for permanent hypoparathyroidism at different time points after papillary thyroid cancer surgery
Authors: Gao Jinwei , Zhang Qi , Wang Zesheng , Liang Shengchang , Guo Yibin , Wang Jinlian , Cao Tingbao , Zhang Yupeng , Qu Kunpeng
Published: July 2023

Purpose
To investigate the relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels on day 1 after radical thyroid surgery for papillary carcinoma and permanent hypoparathyroidism (PHPP) and the predictive value of the relationship between them.
Methods
Eighty patients with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent total thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection in the central area admitted to the General Surgery Department of Gansu Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2021 to January 2022 were collected and analyzed. Patients were divided into hypoparathyroidism and normal parathyroid groups according to whether PHPP occurred after surgery, and the correlation between parathyroid hormone (PTH) and serum calcium levels and permanent hypoparathyroidism (PHPP) on postoperative day 1 in both groups was analyzed using univariate and binary logistics regression. The area under the subject operating curve (ROC) was used to assess the predictive validity of PTH for the occurrence of PHPP in the postoperative period.
Results
PHPP occurred in 10 of the 80 patients with papillary thyroid cancer included, with an incidence of 12.5%; binary logistic regression analysis showed that PTH on a postoperative day 1 (OR = 14.534, 95% CI: 2.377 to 88.858, P = 0.004), was an independent predictive risk factor for the development of PHPP after surgery. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.874 (95% CI: 0.79–0.958, P = 0.000) with a sensitivity of 71.4%, specificity of 100%, and Jorden index of 0.714, using PTH = 8.75ng/L on postoperative day 1 as the threshold value.
Conclusions
PTH levels on day 1 after total thyroid papillary carcinoma are strongly associated with permanent hypoparathyroidism and are an independent predictor of the development of PHPP.
Additional role of 18F-NaF PET/CT for assessment of bone mineral density change in DTC patients with TSH suppression
Authors: Huang Jingquan , Mu Xingyu , Li Zuguo , Lu Lu , Qin Jie , Li Meng , Fu Wei
Published: July 2023

Objective
To explore the additional functionalities of 18F-sodium fluoride-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-NaF PET/CT) for evaluation and prediction of bone mineral density (BMD) levels in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) under thyrotropin suppression.
Methods
This study analyzed retrospectively 231 DTC patients who was receiving thyrotropin suppression, and received dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and 18F-NaF PET/CT scans within one week. According to the BMD of DXA, they were divided into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis group, as well as the incidence of each group was recorded. The 18F-NaF uptake value of 1st-4th lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck of each patient was measured and compared based on the different BMD, gender and duration of TSH suppression by one-way ANOVA or Mann Whitney U test. The correlation was calculated between age and 18F-NaF uptake value and BMD of the lumbar spine by Pearson or Spearman regression analysis. In addition, using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves established a model to predict the BMD level based on the 18F-NaF uptake value.
Results
The incidence rate of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 30.3% and 11.6%, and postmenopausal women are the most susceptible group to osteopenia (37%) and osteoporosis (29%). The SUVmax, SUVmean of the lumbar spine were statistically significantly different among the normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups (all p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in 18F-NaF uptake of femoral neck. Additionally, SUVmax, SUVmean of the lumbar spine were also observed significant difference among different gender (all p < 0.05) and duration of TSH suppression (all p < 0.05). Lumbar SUVmax, SUVmean, and BMD were significantly negatively correlated with age (r = − 0.426 to − 0.511, all p < 0.05). The C-index of the combined model was 0.70(95% CI 0.64–0.76), suggesting reasonably good model performance for distinguishing normal to abnormal BMD.
Conclusion
18F-NaF PET/CT can be a valuable adjunct to DXA to provide insight into bone metabolism in DTC patients with TSH suppression, apart from detection of metastatic bones.
Surface dielectric barrier discharge (sDBD) for flow control in plasma conversion
Authors: Mohsenimehr Soad , von Keudell Achim
Published: July 2023

Dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) are often used for gas conversion such as splitting of carbon dioxide, volatile organic compound removal or ozone generation. Due to the small plasma filaments in DBD discharges an efficient mixing of the gas flow with the plasma is essential. This is studied by using a surface dielectric barrier discharge (sDBD) with an electrode design similar to plasma actuators to optimize plasma-flow interaction. The flow pattern has been measured by Schlieren diagnostics and compared to a fluid dynamic simulation. The efficiency of gas conversion has been tested by monitoring the conversion of 1\% CO$_2$ admixed to an N$_2$ gas stream via infrared spectroscopy in the exhaust. The actuator design of the electrodes induces a significant plasma force on the fluid, which results in the formation of vortices above the electrodes as reproduced in the simulation. It is shown that the height of the vortices created in the velocity field can characterize the mixing process, which dominates the conversion efficiency of carbon dioxide at different gas flow rates.
Symptom burden and relief in palliative care units of German Comprehensive Cancer Center and other hospitals
Authors: Berendt Julia , Brunner Sarah , Heckel Maria , Tewes Mitra , Ostgathe Christoph , Gahr Susanne
Published: July 2023

Purpose
The National Hospice & Palliative Registry contains patient data from German hospice and palliative care facilities about symptoms. The aim of the study at hand is to differentiate symptom burden of patients in palliative care units between Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) and other hospitals regarding symptom burden and relief of patients in palliative care units.
Methods
The registry analysis provided data of patients in palliative care units (2014-2018). We analyzed characteristic and symptom-related data on 18 symptoms, with considerable symptom-burdened patients (moderate or severe). We followed a cancer (yes/no) and facility-specific descriptive analysis (f, %, μ, Mdn, SD, V, r) using SPSS.
Results
We evaluated 10,447 patient records (CCC: 4,234 pts / Non CCC 6,213 pts), 82% with a cancer diagnosis. For cancer patients the mean age in CCC-affiliated palliative care units was 68 (SD 19-99) years, in others 73 (SD 23-104) years (p<0.05; V=0.2). The proportion of patients with significant symptom burden is lower in CCC-affiliated than in other palliative care units. The difference between facilities shows a significant weak effect in pain, vomiting and constipation, depressiveness, anxiety and tension. The proportion of cases which symptom burden could be alleviated is higher in CCC-affiliated palliative care units with significant weak/medium effect in pain, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, constipation, pressure ulcers, depressiveness, anxiety, tension, confusion, and problems in organizing care.
Conclusion
We found differences in symptom burden and symptom relief between CCC-affiliated and other palliative care units. CCCs should continue to feel responsible for sharing knowledge about symptom relief, such as through Standard Operating Procedures and education.
Identifying Barriers to Resident Robotic Console Time in a General Surgery Residency Through a Targeted Needs Assessment
Authors: Perry Bradley , Howard Kathryn , Novotny Nathan , Iacco Anthony , Ivascu Felicia , Nguyen Ngan
Published: July 2023

Robotic-assisted general surgery is experiencing exponential growth. Despite our institution’s high volume, residents often graduate with inadequate console experience. Our aim was to identify the educational needs of residents and perceived barriers to residents’ console time from both attendings and residents. Separate surveys were created and distributed to robotic surgery faculty and general surgery residents at our institution. Questions were a variety of modalities and focused on the robotic surgery experience at our institution, including barriers to resident console time from both attending surgeon and resident perspectives. Although residents' interest in robotic surgery exceeded that of open and laparoscopic surgery, confidence in their robotic skills was low compared to the other modalities. The top barriers to participating in robotic cases according to residents included minimal or no previous console time with the attending, lack of simulator time, and being required to perform bedside assistant duties. Faculty reported resident preparedness, prior robotic skill demonstration, simulator time, case complexity, and their own confidence as significant factors influencing resident console time. Using these results, we concluded that the design and implementation of a formal robotic surgery curriculum should incorporate simulation-based opportunities for residents to practice their skills, improve confidence, and increase console experience. In addition, simulation opportunities for faculty should also be considered to allow for improvement and maintenance of robotic surgical skills.
Effects of the competitive standard on external and internal load during the match-play in elite Brazilian professional soccer players
Authors: Gonçalves Luiz Guilherme , Aquino Rodrigo , Guimarães Rodrigo , Azevedo Angelo Melim , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Praça Gibson Moreira , García-Calvo Tomas , Pulido Juan J. , Nobari Hadi
Published: July 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to look into the effects of competitive standards based on contextual match factors on external and internal load in elite Brazilian professional soccer players. Forty-six professional male soccer players participated in this descriptive study.
Methods
The physical demands were monitored by distance-based measures and rating perceived exertion-based training load during 76 matches at 2 competitive standards: 1st and 2nd Brazilian leagues.
Results
Home and away matches played in the 2nd Brazilian national league presented greater values of the total distance (TD) and moderate-intensity running (MSR) [p < 0;05, effect size (ES) = small-moderate] than the 1st Brazilian national league. When losing and winning matches in the top national, players covered shorter TD, MSR, and high-speed running distances (p < 0;05, ES = small-moderate). The matches against intermediate and weak opposition required high values of TD and MSR (p < 0;05, ES = small-moderate) in the lower national league.
Conclusions
In a Brazilian league, our results highlight the differences in the external load of top and lower national leagues according to contextual match factors. The evidence emphasizes the importance of developing appropriate attributes to prepare professional soccer players for various competitive standards.
Characterizing the Neuroimmune Environment of Offspring in a Novel Model of Maternal Allergic Asthma and Particulate Matter Exposure
Authors: Tamayo Juan M. , Osman Hadley C. , Schwartzer Jared J. , Pinkerton Kent , Ashwood Paul
Published: July 2023

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by the presence of decreased social interactions and an increase in stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. Epidemiology studies suggest that cases of ASD are on the rise. Similarly, rates of asthma are increasing, and the presence of maternal asthma during pregnancy increases the likelihood of a child being later diagnosed with ASD. Particulate matter (PM), via air pollution, is an environmental factor known to worsen the symptoms of asthma, but also, PM has been associated with increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders including ASD. Despite the links between asthma and PM with neuropsychiatric disorders, there is a lack of laboratory models investigating combined prenatal exposure to asthma and PM on offspring neurodevelopment. Thus, we developed a novel mouse model that combines exposure to maternal allergic asthma (MAA) and ultrafine iron-soot (UIS), a common component of PM. In the current study, female BALB/c mice were primed for allergic asthma with ovalbumin (OVA) prior to pregnancy. Following mating and beginning on gestational day 2 (GD2), dams were exposed to either aerosolized OVA or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 1 hour. Following the 1-hour exposure, pregnant females were then exposed to UIS or clean air for 4 hours. Offspring brains were collected at postnatal days (P)15 and (P)35. Cortices and hippocampal regions were then isolated and assessed for changes in cytokines using a Luminex bead-based multiplex assay. Analyses identified changes in many cytokines across treatment groups at both timepoints in the cortex, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-13, and IL-17, which remained elevated from P15 to P35 in all treatment conditions compared to controls. In the hippocampus at P15, elevations in cytokines were also identified across the treatment groups, namely interferon gamma (IFNγ) and IL-7. The combination of MAA and UIS exposure (MAA-UIS) during pregnancy resulted in an increase in microglia density in the hippocampus of offspring, as identified by IBA-1 staining. Together, these data indicate that exposure to MAA, UIS, and MAA-UIS result in changes in the neuroimmune environment of offspring that persist into adulthood.
Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2 accelerates the proliferation of cancer cells by promoting the formation of CDK4/CCND1
Authors: Li Nian-nian , Li Si-ying , Gong Ningning , Liu Wenbo , Gao Jian , Hao Furong , Hong Ninglin , Wang Zuxuan , He Sha , Zhang Yunlong , Wei Jie , Liu Chunxiao , Meng Gang , Zhu Hongguang , Wu Yuyun , Liu Bin
Published: July 2023

Gastric cancer is a common malignant tumor in humans. Analysis of clinical data of gastric cancer revealed that adhesion G protein-coupled receptor G2 (ADGRG2), endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1β, lactate dehydrogenase B and chromosome 1 open reading frame 115 were abnormally highly expressed in gastric cancer. ADGRG2 was not only highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues, but was also associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Numerous oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are directly involved in the regulation of the cell cycle. ADGRG2 was shown to promote cell proliferation by promoting the G1/S transition. ADGRG2 did not affect the expression of CDK4 or cyclin D1 (CCND1), but was found to affect the cell cycle by promoting the formation of the cell cycle-dependent complex CDK4/CCND1, thereby promoting cell proliferation, and affecting the formation and development of gastric cancer.
Factors Affecting Female Student Dropout Rates in Hargeisa, Somaliland High Schools
Authors: Duale Hassan Abdillahi , Aden Mumtas Yousuf , Mohamed Jama Osman , Ismail Abdihakim Ahmed
Published: July 2023

Every society's economic development has been based on education. Female student abandonment, on the other hand, constitute a considerable drain and loss on a country's education budget, especially as high school possibilities are predicted to grow. This study investigated various variables that influence the dropout rate of girls from high school in Hargeisa, Somaliland. The study was directed by the following precise goals such as to examine the effects of domestic labor, to assess the influence of parents’ attitudes and to determine the influence community’s perception on girl child education in Hargeisa. The study was carried out using a descriptive research approach. The demographic being targeted included Principles, female students, educators, and parents. Purposive sampling was used to choose respondents from the designated high schools. The sample size was 68 respondents. Questionnaires were chosen as collecting data instruments. Descriptive methods of statistical analysis such as percent and frequencies were used to analyze quantitative data. The data was presented using tables and charts. According to The study results, domestic labor, parent’s attitudes, and community perceptions are resulting in a higher percentage of female high school dropouts. According to findings, 50% the respondents identified working as house helps as a reason for girls dropping out of school. Additionally, 79% of the respondents believed that parents have a responsibility in their daughter's education and dropout, while 63% of the respondents stated that their communities do not prioritize or encourage girls' education. The study suggested that it is essential for girls to have access to basic education as it is their fundamental right as stated in the Somaliland constitution. Additionally, the study recommended conducting further research in secondary schools to identify other challenges that girls face and find effective strategies to help them stay in school and continue their education.
Case Report: Emerging losses of managed honey bee colonies
Authors: Evans Jay D , Chen Yanping , Lamas Zachary S
Published: July 2023

United States commercial beekeepers prepare honey bee colonies for almond pollination in California each year in late January to early February. This represents the largest managed pollination event in the world and involves more than half of all U.S. honey bee colonies. In winter 2023, numerous colonies in Florida which were graded as suitable for almonds (larger than ten frames of bees) dwindled suddenly or altogether died within several weeks, just prior to movement for almonds. The timing of these losses and morbidity caused severe economic harm to affected operations. This study reports interviews with affected stakeholders, their economic harm, and analyses of pathogens and parasites found in their colonies.
Reversal of epigenetic age and improvement of body composition in consumers of wine enriched with Resveratrol.
Authors: Pastor Raúl Francisco , Iermoli Roberto Héctor , Saporito-Magriña Christian Martín , Pastor Isabel , Pastor Elena , Carabetti Zulma Manfredi , Iermoli Laura Valeria , Lairion Fabiana , Chiesa Iris , Sarrasague Margarita Martínez , Cimato Alejandra , Rodriguez Aldana , Taborda Claudia , Carbia Claudio , Bavasso Carlos Amadeo , Auzmendi Jerónimo , Lazarowski Alberto , Repetto Marisa Gabriela
Published: July 2023

Biological aging (BA) is a universal process that involves the deterioration of vital functions. One of the root causes of BA is epigenetic DNA hypermethylation. The latter defines epigenetic age (EA), being the most important risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases, so its modulation is an exciting emerging field of science. Although there are numerous investigations on the mechanisms of aging, today there are few studies that measure EA in humans after an intervention. The objective of this research was to evaluate the EA and the body composition after the consumption of wine enriched with Resveratrol. The results showed a decrease in EA after three and a half months of the study intervention (p < 0.01). We also demonstrated significant improvements in body composition with a 1.6 kg decrease in fat mass, (p < 0.0004); and an increase in muscle mass of 300 g (p < 0.019). To our knowledge, it is the first time that a highly significant reduction of EA has been demonstrated in consumers of wine enriched with Resveratrol combined with a healthy remodeling of body composition. These findings could be relevant to maintaining health, increasing life expectancy, and preventing the damages caused by aging.
A new variety of axial piston hydraulic machines with multi-row units and a dual oscillating unit
Authors: Nizhegorodov A. I.
Published: July 2023

The possibility of increasing the working volume, power, specific energy capacity (energy efficiency), and acceleration response of hydraulic machines under reduced supply and torque pulsation is investigated. The research methodology included the geometric, kinematic, power, and energy analysis of a four-row axial piston hydraulic machine with a dual oscillating unit and without an end distribution system. As a result, a new type of compact rotary hydraulic machines with volumetric action was created. In the proposed model, each subsequent row of cylinders is located in the inter-cylinder space of the previous cylinders with smaller radii. Such a design provides for a 24.5-fold increase in the working capacity and power of a hydraulic machine compared to a single-row design, as well as an increase in the acceleration response in the hydraulic motor mode. The elimination of end distribution systems excludes the possibility of violation of joint tightness between blocks and distribution disks due to block overturning by piston centrifugal forces at high rotation speeds and a multiple reduction of supply and torque pulsation. It was established that the increase in the specific power capacity of a hydraulic machine depends on its particular implementation, potentially reaching 18–25 kW/kg. The abovementioned features of the proposed axial piston hydraulic machine with a dual oscillating unit ensure the compactness of oscillating units, minimum dimensions of the cylinder blocks, and the hydraulic machine as a whole, resulting in its minimum mass and maximum specific power capacity.
A folyamatszemlélet erősítése az értékteremtésben
Authors: Balázs-Kalász Adrienn
Published: July 2023

[Demeter Krisztina – Gelei Andrea – Matyusz Zsolt – Nagy Judit (2022): Tevékenységmenedzsment. Akadémiai Kiadó, ISBN 978 963 454 759 4]
Application of black-box models based on artificial intelligence for the prediction of chlorine and TTHMs in the trunk network of Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Enriquez Laura , González Laura , Saldarriaga Juan G.
Published: July 2023

The chlorine and total trihalomethane (TTHM) concentrations are sparsely measured in the trunk network of Bogotá, Colombia, which leads to a high uncertainty level at an operational level. For this reason, this research assessed the prediction accuracy for chlorine and TTHM concentrations of two black-box models based on the following artificial intelligence techniques: artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) as a modelling alternative. The simulation results of a hydraulic and water quality analysis of the network in EPANET and its multi-species extension EPANET-MSX were used for training the black-box models. Subsequently, the Threat Ensemble Vulnerability Assessment-Sensor Placement Optimization Tool (TEVA-SPOT) and Evolutionary Polynomial Regression-Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (EPR-MOGA-XL) were jointly applied to select the most representative input variables and locations for predicting water quality at other points of the network. ANNs and ANFIS were optimized with a multi-objective approach to reach a compromise between training performance and generalization capacity. The ANFIS models had a higher mean Training and Test Nash–Sutcliffe Index (NSI) in contrast with ANNs. In general, the models had a satisfactory mean prediction performance. However, some of them did not achieve suitable Test NSI values, and the prediction accuracy for different operational statuses was limited.
Estratégias de ‘sobre-vivência’ metodológica na viagem investigativa para a ciência no mundo novo
Authors: Baptista Maria Luiza Cardinale , Eme Jennifer Bauer
Published: July 2023

Texto ensaístico sobre estratégias metodológicas qualitativas de ‘sobre-vivência’ nas ‘viagens investigativas’. O pressuposto ‘viagem investigativa’ convida a refletir sobre o universo investigativo do Turismo, como sinalizador potente para a compreensão da Ciência para o Mundo Novo. Como substrato teórico: compreensão de Mutação da Ciência; alinhamento com Ecologia de Saberes, Esquizoanálise, Ecologia Profunda, Visão Ecossistêmica e orientação Matrística. A Cartografia dos Saberes é uma orientação estratégica para a produção investigativa, plurimetodológica, processual e rizomática, composta pelas trilhas: Trama dos ‘Entrelaços Nós da Pesquisa’, Saberes Pessoais ou Dimensão Subjetiva, Trama Teórico-Conceitual-Bibliográfica, Usina de Produção ou Trama dos Fazeres e Dimensão Intuitiva da Pesquisa. A trama de fazeres e saberes científicos deve estar a serviço da reinvenção da vida e, neste sentido, dos modos de ‘sobre-vivência’, mais do que apenas de ‘vivência’. As Matrizes Rizomáticas demonstram a coerência da trama e o refinamento da compreensão das conexões e derivações na Viagem Investigativa.
Novel Vesicular Bilosomal Delivery Systems for Dermal/Transdermal
Applications
Authors: Suvarna Vasanti , Mallya Rashmi , Deshmukh Kajal , Sawant Bhakti , Khan Tabassum Asif , Omri Abdelwahab
Published: July 2023

The application of therapeutically active molecules through the dermal/transdermal route into
the skin has evolved as an attractive formulation strategy in comparison to oral delivery systems for the
treatment of various disease conditions. However, the delivery of drugs across the skin is limited due to
poor permeability. Dermal/transdermal delivery is associated with ease of accessibility, enhanced safety,
better patient compliance, and reduced variability in plasma drug concentrations. It has the ability to
bypass the first-pass metabolism, which ultimately results in steady and sustained drug levels in the
systemic circulation. Vesicular drug delivery systems, including bilosomes, have gained significant
interest due to their colloidal nature, improved drug solubility, absorption, and bioavailability with prolonged
circulation time for a large number of new drug molecules. Bilosomes are novel lipid vesicular
nanocarriers comprising bile salts, such as deoxycholic acid, sodium cholate, deoxycholate, taurocholate,
glycocholate or sorbitan tristearate. These bilosomes are associated with high flexibility, deformability, and
elasticity attributed to their bile acid component. These carriers are advantageous in terms of improved skin
permeation, increased dermal and epidermal drug concentration, and enhanced local action with reduced
systemic absorption of the drug, resulting in reduced side effects. The present article provides a comprehensive
overview of the biopharmaceutical aspects of dermal/transdermal bilosome delivery systems, their
composition, formulation techniques, characterization methods, and applications.
Performance Evaluation of an IoT-Enabled Rapid Composter for Mixed Organic Wastes
Authors: Balaganesh P. , Guhan E.K. Hirthick , Ranjith D. , Gopalakrishnan V. , Gnanadesigan R. , Rameswari R. , Vasudevan M.
Published: July 2023

By transforming organic wastes into nutrient-rich bio-manure and minimising other environmental effects, composting enables the long-term management of organic wastes. Traditional methods of monitoring and process management present a number of challenges in terms of efficiently using available resources to produce high-quality compost. As a result, smart composting technologies must be introduced to make it feasible for small-scale units in urban areas as well as large-scale operations in outlying areas. By analyzing recent trends in digital-based design and development, the current study explores the reach of digitalization in bringing user-friendly solutions, such as the internet of things (IoT)-based rapid composter. Using sewage sludge and other organic wastes in a stainless steel concentric bin type adiabatic rapid composter with provisions for thermal control (glass wool), feeding and mixing, leachate recirculation, and an online data monitoring system (Arduino kit) using particular sensors, the composting trials were carried out. More than 25% of the control bin's temperature was preserved by the insulator. Within 28 days of treatment, stable and mature compost was produced as a consequence of the online monitoring system's observations of temperature, moisture content, and pH steering for the best aeration and rotating frequency.
Diagnoses of Pulp Pathoses in Children and Investigations
Authors: Anegundi Rajesh , Sakhare Dhanashree , Kasar Parag
Published: July 2023

A correct finding of the ailment of the pulp in teeth conceded by caries, dental processes or other forms of injury is vital for arriving at a proper conclusion for the treatment. Essential evidence in this respect is whether the pulp is vital or necrotic. It is similarly important to be able to ascertain whether the pulp is reversibly or irreversibly inflamed, mainly in connection with a carious or traumatic exposure of the tissue. In other words, can the pulp heal and continue in a long‐term perception or is it scratched to the extent that it is not curable, and is a root canal treatment required? Diagnostic information is gained from the patient's history of pain or irritation, the experience of trauma or restorative techniques, clinical examinations, results of clinical tests and radiographic assessment of the teeth and the surrounding tissues. A diagnosis is rarely based on a single finding, but rather on a set of reflections. The clinical condition may be so complex that a proper diagnosis and treatment outcome requires a diagnostic process comprising several steps.
Silver Diamine Fluoride and its Role in Prevention
Authors: Goswami Mousumi , Mushtaq Anam
Published: July 2023

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a colourless and odourless combination of silver and fluoride solution with caries arresting properties. Clinical and in-vitro trials have proven its preventive efficacy for caries in high-risk individuals, which is considered a minimally invasive approach for arresting caries progression in cavitated teeth. This chapter gives an overview of the rationale of caries management by SDF, the mechanism of action, and the current evidence for its effectiveness as an anti-caries agent. The safety of SDF use in humans and its various limitations are also explained in the chapter.
Strategies to overcome differences in terminology
Authors: Pushman Will
Published: July 2023

Bell (1991:71) reveals that there are seven methods used in translating terms, namely borrowing, loan translation (calque), literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adjustment.
A compilação e a análise de métricas textuais de um corpus de redações
Authors: Soares Vital Átila Augusto
Published: July 2023

A prova de redação do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) é decisiva para a garantia da vaga em instituições de ensino superior no Brasil. De 2010 a 2020, foi observado que a quantidade de redações avaliadas em nota máxima (mil pontos) caiu de maneira drástica e abrupta: de 3.694 redações nota máxima em 2011 para apenas 28 em 2020. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um corpus de redações nota máxima avaliadas pela banca do Enem, descrevê-las e tecer breves considerações a partir da análise de métricas textuais na série histórica de 2010 a 2020. A compilação foi feita de forma manual, pela internet. Para as descrições, foram utilizados o programa Orange: Data Mining e o analisador de complexidade textual NILC-Metrix. Os resultados sugerem que houve aumento expressivo no número de palavras e diminuição da razão type/token ao longo dos anos. Além disso, foram feitas medidas sintáticas que constataram o aumento da complexidade dos textos.
Extraction of Literary Character Information in Portuguese
Authors: Bick Eckhard
Published: July 2023

This chapter describes PALAVRAS-DIP, a system for the automatic identification of characters and their social profiles in Portuguese and Brazilian literature. The system has been designed as an add-on module for a morphosyntactic and semantic parser. We tag human named entities (NE) for profession and social position, and use Constraint Grammar (CG relational tags to keep track of co-reference (e.g. pronoun anaphora, zero-subject verbs) and family reations between the characters. The resulting base annotation allows the extraction of character networks. The extraction program recognizes and bundles character name variants and distinguishes between names with a narrative function and simple cultural references. System development was motivated by DIP, a shared-task evaluation on 100 historical novels, where a prototype version achieved reasonable F-scores for character identification (63.4%) and alias resolution (68.1%), but underperformed for family relations (15.5%).
Pais, filhos e outras relações familiares no DIP
Authors: Santos Diana , Mota Cristina
Published: July 2023

Neste artigo é descrita em pormenor a tarefa de identificação de relações familiares no Desafio de Identificação de Personagens (DIP), uma avaliação conjunta para identificar personagens em textos literários em português. Explicamos a motivação para esta subtarefa, e quais as dificuldades em criar uma coleção dourada com os valores corretos. Depois de referir em abstrato como se processa a avaliação desta sub-tarefa, relatamos os resultados do sistema participante, o PALAVRAS-DIP, e comentamos alguns problemas na sua avaliação. Além disso, descrevemos aquilo que aprendemos sobre a literatura lusófona com esta tarefa, assim como sugerimos outras pesquisas possíveis com este material.
Development of labor market information system in Indonesia towards world class
Authors: Gunawan Beni Teguh , Nuraeni Yeni
Published: July 2023

The demographic dividen can provide benefits for Indonesia. The proportion of the working age population in Indonesia until 2021 is reaching 205.36 million, which is 68.08% of the workforce. The labor force participation is 93.74%, with the informal sector as much as 59.6%, and the number of unemployed reaches 6.26%. The labourforce structure profile is a challenge for the Indonesian government to encourage the population to participate to industry. The developing of Labour Market Information System (LMIS) is one of the goverment to gather job seekers and employers with the final objective is to reduce unemployment. This study aims to evaluate and analyze the LMIS that has been developed by the Government of Indonesia and to formulate an LMIS development strategy to meets international standards. This study uses qualitative analysis methods. Sampling using purposive sampling technique by taking samples of several provinces that are categorized as densely industrialized and have a high unemployment rate. LMIS owned by Indonesia is still classified as basic level to middle class. Based on the problems that occur in LMIS development and the low level of utilization, the LMIS development method must be based on and pay attention to the needs of stakeholders.