bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Placental LRP5 and Sclerostin are Increased in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Pregnancies
Authors: Papadopoulou Anna , Thymara Eirini , Maratou Eirini , Kanellopoulos George , Papaevangelou Vasiliki , Kalantaridou Sophia , Kanellakis Spyridon , Triantafyllidou Pinelopi , Valsamakis George , Mastorakos George
Published: March 2023

Introduction

The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) and its inhibitor sclerostin, are key components of bone metabolism and potential contributors to type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility. This study aims at evaluating the expression of placental LRP5 and sclerostin in pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and investigate possible associations with umbilical sclerostin concentrations and clinical outcomes in mothers and their neonates.

Methods

Twenty-six GDM-mothers and 34 non-GDM mothers of Caucasian origin and their neonates admitted in a gynecology and obstetrics department of a university hospital were included in this study. Demographic data and maternal fasting glucose concentrations (24-28 weeks of gestation) were retrieved from the patients’ medical records. Placental LRP5 was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting analysis; placental sclerostin was determined by IHC. Umbilical serum sclerostin concentrations were measured by ELISA.

Results

Placental sclerostin IHC intensity values were positively correlated with LRP5 values as detected either by IHC (r = 0.529; P < .001) or Western blotting (r = 0.398; P = .008), with pregestational maternal body mass index values (r = 0.299; P = .043) and with maternal fasting glucose concentrations (r = 0.475; P = .009). Placental sclerostin and LRP5 were significantly greater in GDM compared with non-GDM placentas (histo-score: 65.08 ± 17.09 vs 11.45 ± 2.33, P < .001; 145.53 ± 43.74 vs 202.88 ± 58.65, P < .001; respectively).

Discussion

Sclerostin and LRP5 were detected in human placentas. The overexpression of placental sclerostin and LRP5 values in GDM compared with non-GDM pregnancies, as well as the positive association of placental sclerostin values with pregestational maternal body mass index and maternal fasting glucose concentrations may indicate the development of an adaptive mechanism in face of maternal hyperglycemia.
Short Efficacy Evaluation of External Ventricular Drains Versus Ventriculosubgaleal Shunt in the Management of Neonatal Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus: A Retrospective Single-Center Cohort Study
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Lo Bianco Manuela , Palmeri Antonio , Betta Pasqua , Altieri Roberto , Barbagallo Giuseppe Maria , Ruggieri Martino
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND:

Different temporizing neurosurgical procedures are available for the management of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in preterm newborns.

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the short efficacy of the external ventricular drains (EVDs) and the ventriculosubgaleal (VSG) shunt.

METHODS:

This is a Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology–conformed retrospective cohort study. The inclusion criteria were (1) gestational age <37 weeks, (2) birth weight <1500 g, (3) posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus because of intraventricular hemorrhage grade II/III, and (4) EVD or VSG shunt procedure before ventriculoperitoneal (VP)-definite shunt. Twenty-four newborns were collected from 2006 to 2022. The end points considered were infectious events, proteinorrachia, reintervention rate, and time to conversion to definite VP shunt.

RESULTS:

Overall, 12/24 newborns underwent EVD, and the remnant had a VSG shunt. The results showed a statistically significant difference (P = .02) concerning cerebrospinal fluid infections between the EVD group (50%) and VSG shunt 1 (8.33%). The reintervention rate of EVD was significantly higher (66.67%) compared with that of the VSG shunt group (8.33%). A statistically significant difference was stated between the 2 groups (t[13] = −8.250; P < .001) (mean difference ± standard error; 10.5 ± 1.273) in the mean number of days elapsed from the achievement of the ideal weight (2000 g) to the definitive VP drainage.

CONCLUSION:

The increased infectious risk and the higher reintervention rate in EVD were confirmed in this study. In addition, a significant delay in the time to -conversion from EVD to VP shunt was demonstrated. Despite these optimal results, the VSG shunt remains a low practiced intervention, probably because of the limited operator experience.
Vegetables as a vehicle for antimicrobial resistance (vAMR): An agroecosystem exploration from the One Health perspective in India
Authors: Kalpana Pachillu , Falkenberg Timo , Yasobant Sandul , Saxena Deepak , Schreiber Christiane
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the leading threats to public health. AMR possesses a multidimensional challenge that has social, economic, and environmental dimensions that encompass the food production system, influencing human and animal health. The One Health approach highlights the inextricable linkage and interdependence between the health of people, animals, agriculture, and the environment. Antibiotic use in any of these One Health areas can potentially impact the health of other areas. There is a dearth of evidence on AMR from the natural environment, such as the plant-based agriculture sector. Antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and related AMR genes (ARGs) are assumed to present in the natural environment and disseminate resistance to fresh produce/vegetables and thus to human health upon consumption. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the role of vegetables in the spread of AMR through an agroecosystem exploration from a One Health perspective in Ahmedabad, India.

Protocol: The present study will be executed in Ahmedabad, located in Gujarat state in the Western part of India, by adopting a mixed-method approach. First, a systematic review will be conducted to document the prevalence of ARB and ARGs on fresh produce in South Asia. Second, agriculture farmland surveys will be used to collect the general farming practices and the data on common vegetables consumed raw by the households in Ahmedabad. Third, vegetable and soil samples will be collected from the selected agriculture farms and analyzed for the presence or absence of ARB and ARGs using standard microbiological and molecular methods.

Discussion: The analysis will help to understand the spread of ARB/ARGs through the agroecosystem. This is anticipated to provide an insight into the current state of ARB/ARGs contamination of fresh produce/vegetables and will assist in identifying the relevant strategies for effectively controlling and preventing the spread of AMR.
The genome sequence of the White-shouldered Marble, Apotomis turbidana (Hübner, 1825)
Authors: Boyes Douglas , Hammond James ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: March 2023

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Apotomis turbidana (the White-shouldered Marble; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Tortricidae). The genome sequence is 720.5 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 28 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the assembled Z sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.8 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 22,646 protein coding genes.
Kultuuriline omastamine kultuurimuutusena / Modeling cultural appropriation as a kind of cultural change
Authors: Jackson Jason Baird
Published: March 2023

The current article is an abridged and adapted version of Jason B. Jackson’s 2021 article On Cultural Appropriation, published in Journal of Folklore Research 58 (1), translated into Estonian by Elo-Hanna Seljamaa with the author’s permission. This article starts from the premise that cultural appropriation is a key concern for folklorists and ethnologists, as well as for many of the communities with which they engage and partner, but that it is also one that has received relatively little attention of a general conceptual sort. This is true despite the ubiquity of cultural appropriation discussions in popular media, public culture, and informal scholarly conversation. Drawing on the work of these fields, an ideal-type conceptualisation of cultural appropriation is offered, one that situates it as one among a range of modes of cultural change. For cultural appropriation, the key neighbouring modes are diffusion, acculturation, and assimilation (as shown in figure 1). This heuristic emphasises the metacultural discourse that marks instances of cultural appropriation as well as the inequality often characterising the parties to such episodes.

Keywords: cultural appropriation, ideal-type conceptualisation, inequality, cultural exchange
Haabjakultuuri kolm kogukonda / Three stakeholder communities of dugout canoes
Authors: Ruukel Aivar
Published: March 2023

The skill of building dugout (alternatively: single-log) canoes (in Estonian: haabjas) is an important part of the intangible cultural heritage of Estonia’s Soomaa region and more generally of the Pärnu river basin. At the initiative of Estonian Dugout Canoe Society NGO (MTÜ Eesti Haabjaselts), the building of Soomaa dugout canoes has been included in the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, in addition to Estonian national register of intangible cultural heritage. Soomaa dugout canoe building represents a broader tradition of dugout canoes shared by many Finno-Ugric peoples.

This initiative creates international collaboration opportunities between builders and popularizers of dugout canoes. Recognition of the dugout canoe tradition by UNESCO also supports cultural and nature turism in Soomaa National Park and helps to empower the local community of dugout canoe users, as well as pass the tradition of building dugout canoes to next generations.

In the brief overview, Aivar Ruukel, the spokesperson of the Estonian Dugout Canoe Society describes the three stakeholder communities of dugout canoes: the local inhabitants; the woodcraftsmen who have the skill of making the dugout canoes, and the international community of ancient boat enthusiasts.
Sõnastades sõnatut / Expressing tacit knowledge
Authors: Lüüs Urmas
Published: March 2023

In his review of the Estonian translation of Richard Sennett’s The Craftsman, Urmas Lüüs, from the Estonian Art Academy, expresses his thoughts about the general position of ’material arts’ in the context of Estonian higher art education and the ways the book could help to cast new light on the forms of artistic self-expression that embrace making and skill besides conceptual ideas and design.

In addition to materiality and technical skills, tacit knowledge is another very important concept addressed by Sennett. Lüüs provides some contemporary examples where tacit knowledge is studied. Some attempts to re-evoke tacit knowledge may not be successful, because they have been passed literally from hand to hand, but the knowledge has perished alongside the growth of industrial production, much like it happened in metal casting for sculptures.

Lüüs points out that the book nicely pairs up with Jyrki Siukonen’s book Hammer and silence that was translated and published some years earlier and enjoyed very positive reception on behalf of art students. Both books show the way towards accepting the significance of (manual) skills in all types of creative activity.
Student’s Readiness on the Implementation of Face-to-Face Classes: The Aftermath of Face-to-Face Class Restriction
Authors: Capinding Andie Tangonan
Published: March 2023

This research analyzes the effects of restricting face-to-face classes during the lockdown and students' preparation for face-to-face instruction. During the academic year 2021-2022 break, it was conducted at Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST)-Gabaldon Campus's College of Education. This study employed a descriptive correlational and descriptive comparative research design. The 151 education students who participated in this study were chosen using a stratified sampling method. According to the study, students received satisfactory to very satisfactory grades during the lockdown. The study also showed that after the lockdown and after the Commission on Higher Education recommended face-to-face classes, the majority of respondents agree that they are academically, socio-emotionally, and physically prepared to go through a face-to-face mode of learning. The majority of them prefer face-to-face classes to any other form of distance learning. The general weighted average of a student is a predictor of academic readiness in face-to-face classes. In addition, students' general weighted averages have direct link to their socio-emotional readiness. Students' profiles, on the other hand, have no impact on their physical readiness. There is no significant difference in student preparation in face-to-face classes when students are grouped by gender, year and section, and civil status. There is no association between the student profile and their preferred mode of learning. The theoretical and practical ramifications of the research were also addressed.
Three-dimensional gradient index microlens arrays for light-field and holographic imaging and displays
Authors: Williams George M. , Dupuy Charles , Brown Jeremy , Grimm Samuel , Akhavan Hooman , Paul Harmon J.
Published: March 2023

The geometric, intensity, and chromatic distortions that are a result of the limitations of the material and processes used to fabricate micro-optical lens arrays (MLAs) degrade the performance of light-field systems. To address these limitations, inkjet print additive manufacturing is used to fabricate planar gradient index (GRIN) lenslet arrays, in which volumetric refractive index profiles are used to embed optical functions that would otherwise require multiple homogeneous index MLA surfaces. By tailoring the optical ink feedstock refractive index spectra, independent control over dispersion is achieved, and achromatic performance is made possible. Digital manufacturing is shown to be beneficial for optimizing individual micro-optical channels in arrays wherein the shape, size, aspect ratio, focal length, and optical axis orientation of the lenslets vary as a function of the position within the optical field. Print fabrication also allows opaque inter-lens baffling and aperture stops that reduce inter-channel cross talk, improve resolution, and enhance contrast. These benefits are demonstrated in a light-field display testbed.
Review on infrared nanospectroscopy of natural 2D phyllosilicates
Authors: de Oliveira Raphaela , Cadore Alisson R. , Freitas Raul O. , Barcelos Ingrid D.
Published: March 2023

Phyllosilicates have emerged as a promising class of large bandgap lamellar insulators. Their applications have been explored from the fabrication of graphene-based devices to 2D heterostructures based on transition metal dichalcogenides with enhanced optical and polaritonics properties. In this review, we provide an overview of the use of infrared (IR) scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) for studying nano-optics and local chemistry of a variety of 2D natural phyllosilicates. Finally, we bring a brief update on applications that combine natural lamellar minerals into multifunctional nanophotonic devices driven by electrical control.
Neural invertible variable-degree optical aberrations correction
Authors: Cui Shuang , Wang Bingnan , Zheng Quan
Published: March 2023

Optical aberrations of optical systems cause significant degradation of imaging quality. Aberration correction by sophisticated lens designs and special glass materials generally incurs high cost of manufacturing and the increase in the weight of optical systems, thus recent work has shifted to aberration correction with deep learning-based post-processing. Though real-world optical aberrations vary in degree, existing methods cannot eliminate variable-degree aberrations well, especially for the severe degrees of degradation. Also, previous methods use a single feed-forward neural network and suffer from information loss in the output. To address the issues, we propose a novel aberration correction method with an invertible architecture by leveraging its information-lossless property. Within the architecture, we develop conditional invertible blocks to allow the processing of aberrations with variable degrees. Our method is evaluated on both a synthetic dataset from physics-based imaging simulation and a real captured dataset. Quantitative and qualitative experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms compared methods in correcting variable-degree optical aberrations.
Undersampled Fourier ptychography for reflective-based long range imaging
Authors: Tian Zhiming , Zhao Ming , Wang Sen , Zou Ning , Li Jian , Feng Junchao
Published: March 2023

Fourier ptychography (FP) can be a promising technique for long-range and high-resolution imaging. In this work, we explore reconstructions with undersampled data for meter-scale reflective based Fourier ptychographic imaging. To reconstruct with under-sampling captures, we propose a novel cost function for FP phase retrieval and design a new optimization algorithm based on gradient descent. To verify the proposed methods, we perform the high-fidelity reconstruction of the targets with sampling parameter less than one. Compared to the state-of-the-art alternative-projectionbased FP algorithm, the proposed one can achieve the same performance but with much less data.
Dual-comb fiber laser for stable frequency distribution
Authors: Ding Shangsu , Shang Jianming , Zhu Mingwen , Jiang Tianwei , Yu Song , Luo Bin , Guo Hong
Published: March 2023

A passive dual-comb laser can generate two optical frequency combs with different repetition frequencies. These repetition differences have high relative stability and mutual coherence through passive common-mode noise suppression without complex tight phase locking from a single-laser cavity. The comb-based frequency distribution requires the dual-comb laser to have a high repetition frequency difference. This paper presents a high repetition frequency difference bidirectional dual-comb fiber laser based on an all-polarization-maintaining cavity configuration and a semiconductor saturable absorption mirror with single polarization output. The proposed comb laser has a standard deviation of 69 Hz and an Allan deviation of 1.17 × 10−7 at τ = 1 s under different repetition frequencies of 12.815 MHz. Moreover, a transmission experiment has been conducted. Owing to the passive common-mode noise rejection capability of dual-comb laser, after passing an 84 km fiber link, the frequency stability of the repetition frequency difference signal is improved by two orders of magnitude than the repetition frequency signal at the receiver side.
Relationship and comparison between the Monge–Ampère equation and the transport of intensity equation for phase retrieval
Authors: Feng ZeXin , Ma Xiao , Chen Chunyuan
Published: March 2023

Phase retrieval from two or more irradiance (or intensity) distributions is a fundamental and important inverse problem in optics. One of the most widely used phase retrieval methods is based on the transport of intensity equation (TIE). Although simple in form, the TIE method suffers the problems of weak paraxial and weak defocus approximations, etc. The phase retrieval problem can be more generally formulated as a Monge–Ampère equation (MAE) in the framework of geometrical optics. Here, we first prove that the TIE can be derived from MAE when applying paraxial and weak defocus approximations. We then verify through numerical experiments that MAE could sufficiently reduce the phase recovery errors compared with TIE.
A physics-inspired deep learning framework for an efficient FPM reconstruction under low overlap conditions
Authors: Bouchama Lyes , Dorizzi Bernadette , Klossa Jacques , Gottesman Yaneck
Published: March 2023

2D observation of biological samples at hundreds of nanometers resolution or even below is of high-interest for many sensitive medical applications. Recent advances have been obtained with computational imaging and we consider here Fourier Ptychographic Microscopy (FPM). Although this technique has permitted to attain an impressive super-resolution factor up to 6 and to assess at the same time local optical thickness of samples, it suffers from low measurement cadence. This limits its applicability as a routine diagnostic tool. In this paper, we
address the specific problem of FPM reconstruction when only few low resolution images are acquired. To this end, we introduce a physics informed optimization Deep Neural Network that is combined to statistical reconstruction learning. More precisely, the forward image microscope
formation model is explicitly introduced in the model to optimize its weights starting from an initialization that is based on a statistical learning. This combination brings some robustness to the reconstruction process. The presented simulation results for an FPM configuration with very
low overlap factor (Γ ∼ 10%) demonstrate the conceptual benefits of the approach in terms of image quality and resolution. The learning step is also shown to be mandatory.
3D facial analysis for rare disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring: Proof-Of-Concept plan for hereditary angioedema
Authors: Jamuar Saumya , Palmer Richard , Dawkins Hugh , Lee Dae-Wook , Helmholz Petra , Baynam Gareth
Published: March 2023

Rare diseases pose a diagnostic conundrum to even the most experienced clinicians around the world. The technology could play an assistive role in hastening the diagnosis process. Data-driven methodologies can identify distinctive disease features and create a definitive diagnostic spectrum. The healthcare professionals in developed and developing nations would benefit immensely from these approaches resulting in quicker diagnosis and enabling early care for the patients. Hereditary Angioedema is one such rare disease that requires a lengthy diagnostic cascade ensuing massive patient inconvenience and cost burden on the healthcare system. It is hypothesized that facial analysis with advanced imaging and algorithmic association can create an ideal diagnostic peer to the clinician while assimilating signs and symptoms in the hospital. 3D photogrammetry has been applied to diagnose rare diseases in various cohorts. The facial features are captured at a granular level in utmost finer detail. A validated and proven algorithm-powered software provides recommendations in real-time. Thus, paving the way for quick and early diagnosis to well-trained or less trained clinicians in different settings around the globe. The generated evidence indicates the strong applicability of 3 D photogrammetry in association with proprietary Cliniface software to Hereditary Angioedema for aiding in the diagnostic process. The approach, mechanism, and beneficial impact have been sketched out appropriately herein. This blueprint for hereditary angioedema may have far-reaching consequences beyond disease diagnosis to benefit all the stakeholders in the healthcare arena including research and new drug development.
Integrating postpartum IUD counselling and insertion into routine maternity care in Nepal: Assessing trends over time
Authors: Puri Mahesh Chandra , Guo Muqi , Stone Lucy , Shah Iqbal H.
Published: March 2023

To meet the postpartum family planning (PPFP) needs of women in Nepal, an intervention was launched to integrate PPFP counselling and postpartum IUD (PPIUD) insertion into maternity care. Women delivering in study hospitals over a period of 18 months were interviewed at the time of delivery and at 15 months following the end of the study enrollment period to assess if the impact of the intervention observed at the end of the study was maintained. Data were collected prior to the intervention, at the middle month of the intervention roll out, at the end of the enrollment period and 15 months after the end of the enrollment period. We compared PPFP counselling and insertion rates before, during, at the end of and after the intervention study period, using cross-tabulation and chi-square tests. Overall, PPFP counselling rates increased from 11% at the baseline month to 45% at the end of the enrollment in February 2017 and remained the same 15 months later in July 2018. PPIUD uptake, however, rose from a negligible 0.1% at the baseline to 4.3% in February 2017, but declined to 3.4% in July 2018. PPIUD uptake among women who were counselled showed a similar trend, increasing from 1.9% at the baseline to 9.6% in February 2017 and declining to 6.0% in July 2018. The intervention had an appreciable continued impact on PPIUD counselling rates and although PPIUD uptake rose during the intervention, this trend was not observed in the 15 months post-study follow up. The impact of the intervention was greater and persistent in hospitals that had a longer period of exposure to intervention. The results suggest that counselling was well integrated with the maternity care, though uptake of PPIUD dropped after intervention activities such as active monitoring, technical supervision, provision of IUDs and training were withdrawn.

Trial registration: This study has been registered with Clinical Trial.gov. The registration number is NCT 02718222. Details about the study design have been published by Canning et al, 2016.
Understanding actions and challenges in protecting older people during covid-19 pandemic in indonesia: A qualitative study with female caregivers
Authors: Asa Gregorius Abanit , Fauk Nelsensius Klau , Ratu Melkianus , Dent Elsa , Ward Paul Russell
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 has rapidly impacted societies on a global scale, with older people among the most affected. To care for older people living in their own homes, female family caregivers play a pivotal role. The current study aimed to explore the actions of female family caregivers and the challenges they faced in taking care of older people living at homes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Belu district, Indonesia. This qualitative study involved twenty female family caregivers, who were recruited using a combination of purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Findings were grouped into two main categories: (i) actions of female family caregivers in taking care of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. These included limiting both visitations of extended family members and older adults’ activities outside homes; explaining the virus to older adults and controlling their access to news, social media and smartphones; providing nutrition, supplement and maintaining daily diets; and (ii) challenges they faced in taking care of older adults included excessive fear of contracting COVID-19 and possibility of transmitting it to older people; feeling stressed; tired and overburdened. The study highlights the significant role family caregivers played to protect older people living at home. The findings can inform government to develop intervention programs that address and support the needs of both family caregivers and older people living at home.
Live-in migrant home care workers in Germany: Stressors and resilience factors
Authors: Kriegsmann-Rabe Milena , Maus Katja , Hiebel Nina , Klein Constantin , Geiser Franziska
Published: March 2023

Background

Thousands of Eastern Europeans find employment caring for older individuals as transmigrating live-in home care workers in private households in Germany. Studies have shown that the stressors threatening their well-being are multifaceted and include inequalities and a high practical and emotional workload, but research on protective factors is still scarce.

Aim & methods

This qualitative descriptive study focuses on both the stressors and factors that promote care workers’ well-being and contribute to their psychological resilience. In guideline-based interviews, 14 female and one male care workers were asked about their stressors and the factors that help them cope.

Results

Identified stressors included separation from their own family, strained relationship with either or both the care recipient (dementia) and their relatives (violation of worker´s rights and devaluation of care work), and permanent availability and lack of free time due to a 24-h care schedule. Resilience factors were both external and internal and included positive social relationships, self-determination, experience in care work, and intrinsic job motivation.

Conclusion

Live-ins reside in an ambiguous setting, exposed to both structural and individual strains. However, external and internal resilience factors contribute to a generally positive attitude toward their job and indicate the agency of this precariously employed group. A socially anchored appreciation of their work and an officially controlled expansion of free time are mandatory to improve the working conditions of live-in care workers.
Misophonia in the UK: Prevalence and norms from the S-Five in a UK representative sample
Authors: Vitoratou Silia , Hayes Chloe , Uglik-Marucha Nora , Pearson Oliver , Graham Tom , Gregory Jane
Published: March 2023

What is the reality of the misophonic experience in the general population? This is a study on misophonia in a large sample, representative of the UK general population. The study utilises a multidimensional psychometric tool, the S-Five, to study the intensity of the triggering misophonic sounds in everyday activities, the emotions/feelings related to them, and the norms of the key components of the misophonic experience: internalising and externalising appraisals, perceived threat and avoidance behaviours, outbursts, and the impact on functioning. Based on the S-Five scores and a semi-structured interview delivered by clinicians who specialise in misophonia, the estimated prevalence of people for whom symptoms of misophonia cause a significant burden in their life in the UK was estimated to be 18%. The psychometric properties of the S-Five in the UK general population were also evaluated and differences across gender and age were explored. Our results show that the five-factor structure is reproduced, and that the S-Five is a reliable and valid scale for the measurement of the severity of the misophonic experience in the general UK population.
Human scent signature on cartridge case survives gun being fired: A preliminary study on a potential of scent residues as an identification tool
Authors: Ladislavová Nikola , Pojmanová Petra , Vrbka Pavel , Šnupárková Jana , Urban Štěpán
Published: March 2023

This paper focuses on a chemical analysis of human scent samples that were obtained from cartridge cases after being fired and their comparison with scent samples collected under laboratory conditions. Scent samples were analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with the time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The results obtained from the chemical analyzes confirmed the desired stability of the human scent evidence and outlined the possible application for forensic purposes. The qualitative results of the study converge with the findings of previous studies on the composition of human scent and the chemical composition of human fingerprints. Furthermore, statistical analyzes were performed employing similarity algorithms such as Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations, or Kendall’s tau. The resulting comparison of the scent samples secured on fired cartridge cases compared with those samples collected under laboratory conditions yielded ten out of ten correct identifications of the scent inflictor.
Surface effects on kinematics, kinetics and stiffness of habitual rearfoot strikers during running
Authors: Zhou Wenxing , Yin Lulu , Jiang Jiayi , Zhang Yu , Hsiao Cheng-pang , Chen Yiyang , Mo Shiwei , Wang Lin
Published: March 2023

The surface effects on running biomechanics have been greatly investigated. However, the effects on rearfoot strike runners remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of surfaces on the running kinematics, kinetics, and lower-limb stiffness of habitual rearfoot strikers. Thirty healthy male runners were recruited to run at 3.3 ± 0.2 m/s on a customized runway covered with three different surfaces (artificial grass, synthetic rubber, or concrete), and their running kinematics, kinetics, and lower-limb stiffness were compared. Differences among the three surfaces were examined using statistical parametric mapping and one-way repeated-measure analysis of variance. There were no statistical differences in the lower-limb joint motion, vertical ground reaction force (GRF), loading rates, and lower-limb stiffness when running on the three surfaces. The braking force (17%–36% of the stance phase) and mediolateral GRF were decreased when running on concrete surface compared with running on the other two surfaces. The moments of ankle joint in all three plane movement and frontal plane hip and knee joints were increased when running on concrete surface. Therefore, habitual rearfoot strikers may expose to a higher risk of running-related overuse injuries when running on a harder surface.
Health progression for Covid-19 survivors hospitalized in geriatric clinics in Sweden
Authors: Kananen Laura , Hong Xu , Annetorp Martin , Mak Jonathan K. L. , Jylhävä Juulia , Eriksdotter Maria , Hägg Sara , Religa Dorota
Published: March 2023

Objective

To analyse if the health progression of geriatric Covid-19 survivors three months after an acute Covid-19 infection was worse than in other geriatric patients. Specifically, we wanted to see if we could see distinct health profiles in the flow of re-admitted Covid-19 patients compared to re-admitted non-Covid-19 controls.

Design

Matched cohort study.

Setting and participants

Electronic medical records of geriatric patients hospitalised in geriatric clinics in Stockholm, Sweden, between March 2020 and January 2022. Patients readmitted three months after initial admission were selected for the analysis and Covid-19 survivors (n = 895) were compared to age-sex-Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)-matched non-Covid-19 controls (n = 2685).

Methods

We assessed using binary logistic and Cox regression if a previous Covid-19 infection could be a risk factor for worse health progression indicated by the CCI, hospital frailty risk score (HFRS), mortality and specific comorbidities.

Results

The patients were mostly older than 75 years and, already at baseline, had typically multiple comorbidities. The Covid-19 patients with readmission had mostly had their acute-phase infection in the 1st or 2nd pandemic waves before the vaccinations. The Covid-19 patients did not have worse health after three months compared to the matched controls according to the CCI (odds ratio, OR[95% confidence interval, CI] = 1.12[0.94–1.34]), HFRS (OR[95%CI] = 1.05[0.87–1.26]), 6-months (hazard ratio, HR[95%CI] = 1.04[0.70–1.52]) and 1-year-mortality risk (HR[95%CI] = 0.89[0.71–1.10]), adjusted for age, sex and health at baseline (the CCI and HFRS).

Conclusions and implications

The overall health progression of re-hospitalized geriatric Covid-19 survivors did not differ dramatically from other re-hospitalized geriatric patients with similar age, sex and health at baseline. Our results emphasize that Covid-19 was especially detrimental for geriatric patients in the acute-phase, but not in the later phase. Further studies including post-vaccination samples are needed.
Parasitism causes changes in caterpillar odours and associated bacterial communities with consequences for host-location by a hyperparasitoid
Authors: Bourne Mitchel E. , Gloder Gabriele , Weldegergis Berhane T. , Slingerland Marijn , Ceribelli Andrea , Crauwels Sam , Lievens Bart , Jacquemyn Hans , Dicke Marcel , Poelman Erik H.
Published: March 2023

Microorganisms living in and on macroorganisms may produce microbial volatile compounds (mVOCs) that characterise organismal odours. The mVOCs might thereby provide a reliable cue to carnivorous enemies in locating their host or prey. Parasitism by parasitoid wasps might alter the microbiome of their caterpillar host, affecting organismal odours and interactions with insects of higher trophic levels such as hyperparasitoids. Hyperparasitoids parasitise larvae or pupae of parasitoids, which are often concealed or inconspicuous. Odours of parasitised caterpillars aid them to locate their host, but the origin of these odours and its relationship to the caterpillar microbiome are unknown. Here, we analysed the odours and microbiome of the large cabbage white caterpillar Pieris brassicae in relation to parasitism by its endoparasitoid Cotesia glomerata. We identified how bacterial presence in and on the caterpillars is correlated with caterpillar odours and tested the attractiveness of parasitised and unparasitised caterpillars to the hyperparasitoid Baryscapus galactopus. We manipulated the presence of the external microbiome and the transient internal microbiome of caterpillars to identify the microbial origin of odours. We found that parasitism by C. glomerata led to the production of five characteristic volatile products and significantly affected the internal and external microbiome of the caterpillar, which were both found to have a significant correlation with caterpillar odours. The preference of the hyperparasitoid was correlated with the presence of the external microbiome. Likely, the changes in external microbiome and body odour after parasitism were driven by the resident internal microbiome of caterpillars, where the bacterium Wolbachia sp. was only present after parasitism. Micro-injection of Wolbachia in unparasitised caterpillars increased hyperparasitoid attraction to the caterpillars compared to untreated caterpillars, while no differences were found compared to parasitised caterpillars. In conclusion, our results indicate that host-parasite interactions can affect multi-trophic interactions and hyperparasitoid olfaction through alterations of the microbiome.
The narratives of citizenship education teachers in Indonesian Islamic schools
Authors: Raihani Raihani , Sari Della Nurindah
Published: March 2023

This article explores the narratives of three teachers in teaching citizenship education (CE) in Islamic schools in Indonesia to understand their teaching experiences, personal stories of becoming teachers, tensions and challenges they have faced. Utilizing a narrative inquiry as the research method, this article is also tailored to see how Islamic ideology intersects, interferes and/or influences the teaching of citizenship. This study found that, to some extent, the teachers have experienced ambiguity and dilemma in presenting citizenship topics in the CE classes due to their personal interpretation of Islam vs. the state’s interests and ideology. This study suggests that CE in these Islamic schools could lead to an orientation different from what the state wants to achieve.
Primary Pancreatic Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma
Authors: Patel Mehrie Harshad , Guerrero Vinsard Daniela , Agrawal Upasana , Kendziora Ryan W. , Siontis Brittany L. , Swaroop Vege Santhi , Sweetser Seth
Published: March 2023

Primary pancreatic sarcomas are rare malignancies with an incidence of 0.1%. This case report is of a 48-year-old man who presented with this condition. The patient's treatment plan consisted of distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy with intraoperative immunohistochemistry and adjuvant chemotherapy. To correctly identify and treat undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, a stepwise strategy involving cross-sectional imaging and extensive histopathology analysis is necessary.
Selection of Manipulator Configuration for a Portable Robot for Special Tasks
Authors: Krakówka Tomasz , Typiak Andrzej , Cader Maciej
Published: March 2023

This paper presents method of selection of configuration for manipulators of portable robots for special purposes. On the example of the portable PIAP Patrol robot, the analysis of tasks and related requirements for the functionality of the manipulator was presented. With the use of multi-criteria optimization tools, the selection of the manipulator configuration parameters was carried out, which leads to the maximization of selected working capacities while ensuring that the imposed requirements and mass and kinematic limitations are met. The results of simulation tests were presented and the scope of further work was outlined.
Migrating Monoliths to Microservices
Authors: Bamberger Burkhard , Körber Bastian
Published: March 2023

This research should help scholars and practitioners to manage the transition of monolithic legacy application systems to microservices and to better understand the migration process, its steps, characteristics and provide guidance on how best to approach it. We performed a systematic literature review and analyzed migration approaches presented by other researches. We propose to leverage Robotic Process Automation technology to extract business logic, create and deploy bots, which are then used to mimic microservices. In essence, this represents a novel use case, integrating RPA technology into the migration approach in order to reduce uncertainty and risk of failure.
Wissenschaftsdidaktik der Philosophie
Authors: Pfister Jonas
Published: March 2023

In diesem Beitrag wird erläutert, wo die Wissenschaftsdidaktik der Philosophie innerhalb der Didaktik der Philosophie steht. Dann wird die Frage ansatzweise zu beantworten versucht, wann Philosophie eine Wissenschaft ist. Dies ist Grundlage für die Untersuchung der Frage, wozu man Philosophie als Wissenschaft lehren und lernen soll. Da es in der Philosophie im Vergleich zu anderen Wissenschaften nur wenige allgemein anerkannte Wissensbestände gibt, erfolgt die Einführung in das wissenschaftliche Philosophieren weniger über die Erarbeitung philosophischer Kenntnisse und mehr über die Aneignung philosophischer Methoden. Es wird erläutert, welche Methoden wie gelehrt und überprüft werden können.
Wissenschaftsdidaktik der Rechtswissenschaft
Authors: Rzadkowski Nora , Trute Hans-Heinrich
Published: March 2023

Die Wissenschaftsdidaktik der Rechtswissenschaft, die Wissenschaft als Grundlegung von Rechtspraxis versteht und deren systematische Reflexion anstrebt, ist in Deutschland eher schwach ausgebildet. Ein Auseinanderdriften von Theorie und Praxis ist nicht nur kennzeichnend für die Ausbildung, sondern auch für die Rechtswissenschaft, in der Rechtstheorie und anwendungsbezogene Rechtsdogmatik weitgehend entkoppelt voneinander stattfinden. Die zum Teil extern gesetzten Rahmenbedingungen einer professionsorientierten Ausbildung prägen die Anlage der juristischen Ausbildung und erschweren damit Anschlussmöglichkeiten für eine folgenreiche Wissenschaftsdidaktik. Am Beispiel der feministischen Rechtstheorie und der Diskussion über die Digitalisierung des Rechts werden Anlagen und Desiderate mit Blick auf eine Wissenschaftsdidaktik der Rechtswissenschaft analysiert.
Wissenschaftsdidaktik des Designs
Authors: Park June H.
Published: March 2023

Dieser Beitrag geht auf die Genese des erweiterten Designbegriffs als Gegenstand der Wissenschaftsdidaktik des Designs ein und erörtert die Konstitution der Designwissenschaft und deren Vermittelbarkeit. Dabei wird die enge gegenseitige Bezogenheit zwischen Design als Domäne der Praxis und Designwissenschaft als Domäne der Theorie diskutiert. Die Vermittlung des Designs und der Designwissenschaft wird, von ästhetischen über semiotische bis zu ethischen Aspekten, aus unterschiedlicher Theorieperspektive und mit verschiedenen Modellen erläutert.
Kohärenzprobleme einer Wissenschaftsdidaktik der Lehrer*innenbildung angesichts von Multiparadigmatik und professionsbezogenen Ausbildungsansprüchen
Authors: Schweitzer Julia , Heinrich Martin
Published: March 2023

Julia Schweitzer und Martin Heinrich widmen sich in diesem Beitrag den professionsbezogenen Ausbildungsansprüchen zwischen Wissenschaft, Praxis und Person und der durch eine aus der Fächervielfalt resultierende multiparadigmatische Prägung der Lehrer*innenbildung . Aufgrund der Kombination von fachwissenschaftlichen, fachdidaktischen und bildungswissenschaftlichen Studienanteilen, gilt es für Lehramtsstudierende die unterschiedlichsten Eigen-Logiken verschiedener Fächer zu verstehen. Im Beitrag werden die daraus resultierenden Kohärenzprobleme einer Wissenschaftsdidaktik der Lehrer*innenbildung beleuchtet. Die theoretischen Überlegungen werden empirisch- explorativ angereichert, indem ein Einblick in die Reflexion von universitären Lehrenden zum Verhältnis von Wissenschaft und Lehre gegeben wird sowie Positionierungen von Hochschullehrenden dahingehend beleuchtet werden, wie variantenreich der Wissenschaftsbezug sein kann.
Eine postkoloniale Flüchtlingskrise
Authors: Wollenweber Laura
Published: March 2023

Die südostasiatische Flüchtlingskrise schockierte in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren die Weltbevölkerung und führte zu riesigen Aufnahmeprogrammen. Von den europäischen Staaten nahm Frankreich in dieser Zeit die meisten Flüchtlinge auf. Für diese Initiative waren die Verflechtungen von humanitären Aktivisten und Aktivistinnen, dem französischen Nationalstaat sowie innenpolitische Auseinandersetzungen zwischen Konservativen und Linken von zentraler Bedeutung. Laura Wollenweber stellt das historische Zusammenwirken dieser Aspekte heraus und legt zugleich dar, welche herausragende Stellung humanitäre Empathie und globale Menschenrechtsdiskurse sowie rassistische Denkmuster aus der Kolonialzeit für den Aufnahmeprozess besaßen. Darüber hinaus wird deutlich, wie die Aufnahme der Flüchtlinge aus dem ehemaligen Indochina die heutige französische Wahrnehmung von Flucht und Migration prägte.
Antiziganismus in der Offenen Kinder- und Jugendarbeit
Authors: Schulze Kathrin
Published: March 2023

Antiziganismus ist in der pädagogischen Arbeit mit Jugendlichen ein wirkmächtiger Komplex. Im Rahmen einer ethnographischen Studie zweier Jugendzentren zeigt Kathrin Schulze auf, wie sich dieser in der alltäglichen Praxis entfaltet. Sie legt dar, inwiefern sozialpädagogische Fachkräfte die Jugendlichen situativ auf der Grundlage von antiziganistischen Stereotypen differenzieren und damit diskriminierende Effekte hervorbringen. Mit dem Fokus auf die alltäglich-situative Herstellungspraxis antiziganistischer Ordnungen liefert sie einen Beitrag zur bislang noch vernachlässigten Problematisierung des Antiziganismus im Kontext der Sozialen Arbeit.
Narrative in Urban Planning
Authors: Ameel Lieven , Gurr Jens Martin , Buchenau Barbara
Published: March 2023

What do planners need to know in order to use narrative approaches responsibly in their practice? This practical field guide makes insights from narrative research accessible to planners through a glossary of key concepts in the field of narrative in planning. What makes narratives coherent, probable, persuasive, even necessary - but also potentially harmful, manipulative and divisive? How can narratives help to build more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive communities? The authors are literary scholars who have extensive experience in planning practice, training planning scholars and practitioners or advising municipalities on how to harness the power of stories in urban development.
Ökonomisches Scheitern
Authors: Häusler Eric
Published: March 2023

In kapitalistischen Gesellschaften ist die Bedrohung eines ökonomischen Scheiterns allgegenwärtig. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit von Historiker*innen verdient der spezifische soziale Umgang mit scheiternden Kredit- und Schuldbeziehungen. Eric Häusler nimmt sich in einer praxisorientierten Quellenanalyse fast 600 Berner Geldstagsrödel (Konkursakten) an. Er beschreibt über 150 Jahre hinweg die Alltäglichkeit des Scheiterns und interpretiert in interdisziplinärer Perspektive den Geldstag als Verfahren, das den bedrohten Haushalten immer auch Zukunftsperspektiven eröffnete. Dieses solidarische Konkursregime weicht deutlich vom Leitmotiv des herrschenden Konkursnarrativs - Nichts als Elend! - ab.