bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A single centre experience on the formation of double barrelled uro‐colostomy in pelvic exenteration surgery: a cohort study
Authors: Limmer Alexandra M. , Lendzion Rebecca J. , Leung Christopher , Wong Eddy , Gilmore Andrew J.
Published: January 2024

Background

Double barrelled uro‐colostomy (DBUC) is an alternative to traditional ileal conduit (IC) and separate colostomy in patients requiring simultaneous urinary and faecal diversion for reconstruction in pelvic exenteration surgery (PES).

Methods

This cohort study evaluated short‐ and long‐term morbidity and mortality associated with DBUC formation in 20 consecutive adult patients undergoing PES in an Australian Complex Pelvic Surgical Unit. Data were obtained from a prospective database.

Results

Mean age 59 years (range 27–76 years). PES was performed for malignant disease in 18 patients (curative intent in 17). Mean operative duration 11.8 h (range 7–17 h). Mean follow‐up duration 29.1 months (range 2.6–90.1 months). Early DBUC‐related complications occurred in four patients (20.0%): urinary tract infection (UTI)/urosepsis (n = 4) and early ureteric stenosis requiring intervention (n = 1). Late DBUC‐related complications occurred in five patients (25.0%): recurrent UTI/urosepsis (n = 4), chronic kidney disease (n = 4), ureteric stenosis (n = 2) and parastomal hernia (n = 4). No mortality occurred secondary to a DBUC complication.

Conclusion

DBUC is a safe reconstructive option with acceptable morbidity profile in patients requiring simultaneous urinary and faecal diversion.
Dealing with the past and the path to transitional justice: A comparative analysis of South Korea and Albania
Authors: Kasmi Jetnor
Published: January 2024

This article compares the authoritarian regimes of early South Korea and Albania, identifying historical anecdotes of state authoritarianism that resulted in state‐led crimes and human rights violations. It identifies the historical connections between the establishment and maintenance of authoritarian regimes, as well as the consequences of such meticulous upkeep, by comparing and contrasting the efforts made in dealing with the past and lustration, as well as their significance for peace and stability. We compare the South Korean and Albanian cases from these perspectives to find similarities and differences. By comparing two different countries with similar authoritarian pasts, this article analyzes the efforts of both countries towards transitional justice, and unified rhetoric across the political spectrum for lustration and punishment of past crimes, and discovered that when it comes to practice, these laws tend to be unilateral and were strongly challenged in courts and used as political tools against ideological opponents.
Creativity and artificial intelligence: A multilevel perspective
Authors: Grilli Luca , Pedota Mattia
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence is likely to revolutionize multiple aspects of organizational creativity. Through a multilevel theoretical lens, the present paper reviews the extant body of knowledge on creativity at individual, team and organizational levels, and draws a series of propositions on how the implementation of artificial intelligence may affect each level. Spanning cognitive, behavioural and psychological domains, our propositions aim at directing future research efforts on important creativity‐related areas likely to be affected by artificial intelligence, including the trade‐off between convergent and divergent thinking, the distribution of skills within groups, and the absorptive capacity of organizations.
Export product quality and inclusivity in developing countries
Authors: Gnangnon Sèna Kimm
Published: January 2024

Improving the quality of export products is critical for promoting economic development, including for the achievement of sustainable development goals. The present study has examined the effect of export product quality improvement on inclusivity in developing countries. Inclusivity reflects a concomitant increase in the real per capita income, reduction in within‐country income inequality, and poverty reduction. The analysis covers 101 developing countries over the period from 1980 to 2014, and uses primarily the two‐step system Generalized Method of Moments estimator. It shows that export product quality improvement results in greater inclusivity, especially in countries that face high levels of economic growth volatility, including large magnitudes of external shocks. Likewise, export product quality improvement leads to greater inclusivity in countries that experience high levels of export product concentration. The analysis sheds light on the positive contribution of export product quality improvement to inclusivity in developing countries.
The Neolithic Revolution in the Middle East
Authors: Allen Robert C.
Published: January 2024

This paper investigates the causes and the consequences of the emergence of agriculture in the Middle East. Agriculture has emerged in many parts of the world since the end of the last Ice Age about 15 000 years ago. The paper first surveys the Palaeolithic Period to understand why agriculture did not emerge earlier. Then the paper considers the processes that led to the emergence of agriculture in the Middle East. The question is approached as a problem in economic history, and the archaeological record is understood in terms of changes in labour productivity, as measured by calories produced per hour of work, and in the size of the associated agricultural surplus (the difference between the calories produced by a food procurement system and the calories required to sustain the people trying to support themselves with that system). The shift from foraging to the cultivation of wild seeds and the later impact of the emergence of domestic seed and improvements in tool design are assessed in this framework. It is also used to analyse the impact of agriculture on human wellbeing, the origin of manufacturing (e.g. pottery), and the emergence of inequality, states, and warfare.
Transcriptome analysis of primary adult B‐cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia identifies pathogenic variants and gene fusions, and predicts subtypes for in depth molecular diagnosis
Authors: Podgorica Mirjam , Drivet Elsa , Viken Jonas Krag , Richman Alyssa , Vestbøstad Johanne , Szodoray Peter , Kvam Ann Kristin , Wik Hilde Skuterud , Tjønnfjord Geir E. , Munthe Ludvig A. , Frietze Seth , Schjerven Hilde
Published: January 2024

Background

B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is classified into subgroups based on known driver oncogenes and molecular lesions, including translocations and recurrent mutations. However, the current diagnostic tests do not identify subtypes or oncogenic lesions for all B‐ALL samples, creating a heterogeneous B‐ALL group of unknown subtypes.

Methods

We sorted primary adult B‐ALL cells and performed transcriptome analysis by bulk RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq).

Results

Transcriptomic analysis of an adult B‐ALL cohort allowed the classification of four patient samples with subtypes that were not previously revealed by standard gene panels. The leukemia of two patients were of the DUX4 subtype and two were CRLF2+ Ph‐like B‐ALL. Furthermore, single nucleotide variant analysis detected the oncogenic NRAS‐G12D, KRAS‐G12D, and KRAS‐G13D mutations in three of the patient samples, presenting targetable mutations. Additional oncogenic variants and gene fusions were uncovered, as well as multiple variants in the PDE4DIP gene across five of the patient samples.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that RNA‐seq is an effective tool for precision medicine in B‐ALL by providing comprehensive molecular profiling of leukemia cells, identifying subtype and oncogenic lesions, and stratifying patients for appropriate therapy.
Substantial variability exists in the interpretation of survey radiographs among equine veterinarians
Authors: Esselman Angie M. , Johnson Sherry A. , Frisbie David D. , Barrett Myra F. , Zhou Tianjian , Contino Erin K.
Published: January 2024

Background

Radiographs are a common diagnostic tool utilised during pre‐purchase examinations, yet differences surround their interpretation among equine veterinarians.

Objectives

(1) To determine veterinarians' subjective impressions of a spectrum of radiographic abnormalities regarding suitability for purchase; (2) To determine how veterinarians' years in practice, primary discipline or board certification status influence their subjective impression of radiographic abnormalities, and (3) To determine how horses' discipline, current level of work (working at intended level vs. future prospect) and buyer intent (sell vs. retain ownership) influence veterinarians' subsequent recommendation.

Study design

Worldwide electronic survey of veterinary professionals.

Methods

Four radiographic series of navicular bones, tarsi, and stifles, representing varying degrees of pathological change (normal, mild, moderate and marked) were presented. Respondents (n = 211) graded their level of concern from 1 (no concern) to 10 (very concerned) based on the radiographs and case scenarios presented.

Results

Overall, as the grade of pathological change increased for each anatomical location, so did the level of veterinarian concern, but a wide range of answers were submitted for all grades of pathology. Board certified practitioners had a higher level of concern over marked radiographic changes of the navicular bone for both western performance and English sport horses as well as prospect horses (mean = 7.2 vs. 6.1; P = 0.009; 95% CI for difference = [0.3, 2.0]). Board certified respondents had a lower level of concern over marked radiographic changes of the tarsus regardless of the performance status of the horse (mean = 7.1 vs. 8.0; P = 0.008; 95% CI for difference = [−1.5, −0.2]). Western performance horse practitioners had a lower level of concern over mild radiographic changes of the tarsus regardless of the performance status of the horse (mean = 3.3 vs. 4.2; P = 0.009; 95% CI for difference = [−1.6, −0.2]).

Main limitations

Only one example of each pathological grade per anatomical region was presented.

Conclusions

On survey radiographs, the perceived clinical relevance of radiographic abnormalities among equine practitioners differs widely, making purchase recommendations highly variable.
Impacts of genetic polymorphisms and cancer cachexia on naldemedine pharmacokinetics and bowel movements in patients receiving opioid analgesics
Authors: Nakatsugawa Emi , Naito Takafumi , Shibata Kaito , Kitajima Ryo , Kawakami Junichi
Published: January 2024

Background/Objectives

Clinical responses to naldemedine vary between individuals with advanced cancer. This is a prospective, single‐center, observational study aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphisms and cachexia status on plasma naldemedine and clinical responses.

Methods

Forty‐eight patients being treated with naldemedine for opioid‐induced constipation under treatment of cancer pain were enrolled. Plasma naldemedine concentrations were determined on the fourth day or later after administration of naldemedine, and the associations with genotypes, cachexia status, and clinical responses were assessed.

Results

Cancer patients exhibited a large variation in the plasma naldemedine concentrations, and it was correlated with serum total protein level. Patients who were homozygous CYP3A5*3 had a higher plasma concentration of naldemedine than those with the *1 allele. ABCB1 genotypes tested in this study were not associated with plasma naldemedine. A negative correlation was observed between the plasma naldemedine concentration and 4β‐hydroxycholesterol level. The plasma naldemedine concentration was lower in patients with refractory cachexia than in those with precachexia and cachexia. While serum levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and acute‐phase proteins were higher in patients with refractory cachexia, they were not associated with plasma naldemedine. A higher plasma concentration of naldemedine, CYP3A5*3/*3, and an earlier naldemedine administration after starting opioid analgesics were related to improvement of bowel movements.

Conclusion

Plasma naldemedine increased under deficient activity of CYP3A5 in cancer patients. Cachectic patients with a higher serum IL‐6 had a lower plasma naldemedine. Plasma naldemedine, related to CYP3A5 genotype, and the initiation timing of naldemedine were associated with improved bowel movements.
Mutual fund performance and manager assets: The negative effect of outside holdings
Authors: Evans Richard , Gil‐Bazo Javier , Lipson Marc
Published: January 2024

We explore the relation between fund performance and the assets managed by the fund's managers that are outside the fund. Controlling for fund size, we find a negative relation between performance and the size of fund managers’ outside holdings, the number of other funds managed by a fund's managers, and the number of distinct fund categories managed by a fund's managers. This effect is driven by holdings that do not overlap with those held within the fund, and the effect's economic magnitude, while less than that of fund size, is comparable to that of fund family size and twice that of turnover. Endogeneity is addressed using fund mergers and recursive demeaning. Results suggest that manager responsibilities outside a fund significantly impact performance and that limited attention plays a role.
Diffusion and release behavior of Ag+ in ion‐exchanged antibacterial glaze
Authors: Wang Wenkai , Guo Ruixin , Niu Chenchen , Zhao Zhengkun , Xu Kai
Published: January 2024

A potential method for manufacturing antibacterial ceramics can be the incorporation of Ag+ ions into the surface of ceramic glaze via Ag+↔Na+ ion exchange. The ion‐exchange process is usually modulated by the concentration of AgNO3 in the ion‐exchange medium, which, in turn, affects the antibacterial activity. Therefore, the present study investigated the diffusion behavior of Ag+ ions into the glaze at different concentrations (2–10 wt%) of AgNO3 in the ion exchange AgNO3–NaNO3 medium and their release behavior from the ion‐exchanged glaze. The antibacterial activity of the Ag+ ion‐exchanged glaze was also evaluated. As AgNO3 concentration in AgNO3–NaNO3 molten salt increased from 2 to 10 wt%, the diffusion coefficient of Ag+ ions in the molten salt increased from 1.49 × 1021 to 3.84 × 1045 cm2 s−1, and its Nernst distribution coefficient increased from 0.65 to 4.13. This led to the increased incorporation of Ag+ ions in the glaze, which was beneficial for the ion‐exchanged glaze to release Ag+ ions, with the concentration increasing from 0.03 to 0.10 μg mL−1 cm−2 in 24 h, and maintain leaching of the Ag+ ions for a long time to exert long‐term antibacterial activity.
Association between sugar‐free beverage intake and childhood obesity among Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Yan , Li Fan , He Min , Li Jingxi , Zhang Shuangxia , Zhao Wenzhi , Tang Yuhan , Li Yanyan , Xiong Jingfan , Yao Ping
Published: January 2024

Background

The relationship between sugar‐free beverage (SFB) intake and childhood obesity among Chinese children is unknown.

Objectives

To describe the status of SFB consumption among children and adolescents in China and assess the association between SFB intake and different types of obesity.

Methods

The study was based on the baseline data of an ongoing cohort project named Evaluation and Monitoring on School‐based Nutrition and Growth in Shenzhen (EMSNGS). Food frequency questionnaires were used to collect information on SFB consumption in 3227 students aged 9–17. Physical and clinical examinations were conducted by trained investigators and clinicians. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between SFB intake and general obesity, overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, metabolically unhealthy overweight (MUOW)/metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO).

Results

The median age of the participants was 13.28 years. Among the participants, 55.2% were boys, and 66.1% were adolescents. The median SFB consumption was 16.67 mL/d. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, each 100 mL increase in daily SFB intake was associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity (OR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.06–1.23), abdominal obesity (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.03–1.23), and MUOW/MUO (OR = 1.12; 95%CI: 1.02–1.21), respectively. Stratified analyses showed that family income may have an impact on the association between SFB intake and overweight/obesity (P for interaction = 0.021) and abdominal obesity (P for interaction = 0.031).

Conclusion

SFB intake was positively associated with childhood obesity in Chinese children, particularly among individuals with high‐income families.
Clinical features and oncological outcomes of bladder cancer microsatellite instability
Authors: Nagakawa Shohei , Shiota Masaki , Takamatsu Dai , Tsukahara Shigehiro , Mastumoto Takashi , Blas Leandro , Inokuchi Junichi , Oda Yoshihiro , Eto Masatoshi
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Excellent anticancer effect for solid tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI)‐high by anti‐PD‐1 antibody has been reported. In this study, we investigated the clinical impact of MSI status in bladder cancer.

Methods

This study included 205 Japanese patients who underwent transurethral resection for bladder cancer between 2005 and 2021. The prevalence rates of microsatellite stable (MSS), MSI‐low (MSI‐L), and MSI‐high (MSI‐H) were determined using molecular testing. We examined the association of MSI status (MSS versus MSI‐L/H) with clinicopathological characteristics and oncological outcomes.

Results

MSI‐L/H tumors were associated with higher T‐category in non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Additionally, MSI‐L/H tumors were associated with a higher risk of intravesical recurrence in NMIBC patients treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) but not with non‐BCG therapy.

Conclusions

This study suggested that the MSI status might serve as a predictive marker for intravesical recurrence after BCG intravesical therapy in NMIBC and highlighted an unmet need for an alternative treatment in patients with MSI‐L/H tumors.
Clinicopathological characteristics of adrenocortical carcinoma in the Kyushu–Okinawa area of Japan
Authors: Nakanishi Shotaro , Fukushima Yumi , Inokuchi Junichi , Hakariya Tomoaki , Kakinoki Hiroaki , Enokida Hideki , Chikui Katsuaki , Matsuoka Hirofumi , Shin Toshitaka , Mukai Shoichiro , Kamba Tomomi , Eto Masatoshi , Imamura Ryoichi , Noguchi Mitsuru , Igawa Tsukasa , Haga Nobuhiro , Kamoto Toshiyuki , Fujimoto Naohiro , Saito Seiichi
Published: January 2024

Objective

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare condition, with limited comprehensive reports from Japan. This study aimed to review Japan's data on adrenocortical carcinoma by assessing information from 46 patients—with adrenocortical carcinoma across 10 Japanese university hospitals.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multi‐institutional analysis of the clinical characteristics of adrenocortical carcinoma in Japan. We evaluated data from 46 patients across 10 university hospitals over 10 years and analyzed the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival.

Results

Five‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates were 59% and 53%, respectively. Overall survival was significantly different among the tumor–node–metastasis system for adrenocortical carcinoma of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union Against Cancer, with the worst prognosis in stage IV (p = 0.0044). In our cohort, neither the Weiss score nor the Ki‐67 proliferation index correlated with overall survival. Adjuvant treatment did not yield improved overall survival, whereas resection of the primary tumor in stage IV disease was significantly associated with improved overall survival (p = 0.0262). Out of the cases evaluated for plasma hormones, plasma cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, and DHEA‐S levels were measured at 23%, 42%, 29%, and 62%, respectively, demonstrating higher levels than the upper normal limits.

Conclusion

Patients with stage IV adrenocortical carcinoma had a poor prognosis; however, resection of the primary tumor in stage IV disease was associated with prolonged survival. The results of this study are expected to contribute to future treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma in Japan.
Protocols to reduce seclusion in inpatient mental health units
Authors: Quinn McKenzie , Jutkowitz Eric , Primack Jennifer , Lenger Katherine , Rudolph James , Trikalinos Thomas , Rickard Taylor , Mai Htun Ja , Balk Ethan , Konnyu Kristin
Published: January 2024

The use of seclusion to manage conflict behaviours in psychiatric inpatient settings is increasingly viewed as an intervention of last resort. Many protocols have, thus, been developed to reduce the practice. We conducted a systematic review to determine the effectiveness of protocols to reduce seclusion on process outcomes (e.g., seclusion, restraint), patient outcomes (e.g., injuries, aggressive incidents, satisfaction), and staff outcomes (e.g., injuries, satisfaction). We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials, PsycINFO, CINAHL, cairn.info, and ClinicalTrials.gov for protocols to reduce seclusion practices for adult patients on inpatient mental health units (from inception to September 6, 2022). We summarised and categorised reported elements of the protocols designed to reduce seclusion using the Behaviour Change Wheel Intervention Functions and resources needed to implement the protocol in psychiatric units. We assessed risk of bias and determined certainty of evidence using GRADE. Forty‐eight reports addressed five approaches to reduce seclusion: hospital/unit restructuring (N = 4), staff education/training (N = 3), sensory modulation rooms (N = 7), risk assessment and management protocols (N = 7), and comprehensive/mixed interventions (N = 22; N = 6 without empirical data). The relationship between the various protocols and outcomes was mixed. Psychiatric units that implement architecturally positive designs, sensory rooms, the Brøset Violence Checklist, and various multi‐component comprehensive interventions may reduce seclusion events, though our certainty in these findings is low due to studies' methodological limitations. Future research and practice may benefit from standardised reporting of process and outcome measures and analyses that account for confounders.
Nurses quietly quit their job more often than other healthcare workers: An alarming issue for healthcare services
Authors: Galanis Petros , Katsiroumpa Aglaia , Vraka Irene , Siskou Olga , Konstantakopoulou Olympia , Katsoulas Theodoros , Moisoglou Ioannis , Gallos Parisis , Kaitelidou Daphne
Published: January 2024

Aim

To assess the level of quiet quitting among healthcare workers (HCWs) and identify possible differences between nurses, physicians, and other HCWs. We investigated the impact of sociodemographic variables, job burnout, and job satisfaction on quiet quitting levels.

Background

The quiet‐quitting phenomenon is not new but has been frequently discussed during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Interestingly, the level of quiet quitting among HCWs has not been measured yet.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study with a convenience sample. We measured sociodemographic variables, job burnout, job satisfaction, and quiet quitting. We adhered to STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional studies.

Findings

Among our sample, 67.4% of nurses were quiet quitters, while the prevalence of quiet quitting for physicians and other HCWs was 53.8% and 40.3%, respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis identified that the levels of quiet quitting were higher among nurses than physicians and other HCWs. Moreover, greater job burnout contributed more to quiet quitting, while less satisfaction implied more quiet quitting. HCWs who work in shifts and those working in the private sector experienced higher levels of quiet quitting.

Discussion

More than half of our HCWs were described as quit quitters. Levels of quiet quitting were higher among nurses. Job burnout and job dissatisfaction were associated with higher levels of quiet quitting.

Implications for nursing practice and nursing policy

Measurement of quiet quitting and identification of risk factors are essential to prevent or reduce quiet quitting levels among HCWs. Our study provides information on this field helping managers and organizations to identify quiet quitters within HCWs. Policymakers and managers should develop and implement interventions both at an organizational level and at an individual level.
Emotional labour and turnover intention among nurses in China: Mediating effects of nurse–patient relationship and self‐rated health
Authors: Liu Zhixin , Zhang Huanyu , Liu Junping , Zhao Juan , Feng Yajie , Liu Jie , Tao Siyi , Liu Wei , Zou Dandan , Wang Chen , Wang Nan , Liu Zhaoyue , Liu Xinru , Wu Lin , Liang Libo , Xu Weilan , Wu Qunhong , Liu Chaojie
Published: January 2024

Aim

This study tested the mediating role of the nurse–patient relationship and self‐rated health in the effect of emotional labour on turnover intention among nurses in China.

Background

The underlying mechanism behind the effect of emotional labour on turnover intention remains inadequately understood.

Introduction

Nurses with a high level of emotional labour are predisposed to experiencing poor health and tension in their relationships with patients, which may increase turnover intention.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of 527 nurses in a public tertiary hospital in Qiqihar, located in China's Heilongjiang province, was conducted. Emotional labour and turnover intention were assessed using existing validated scales containing multiple items, while the nurse–patient relationship and self‐rated health were assessed using single items, respectively. Baron and Kenny's causal steps and the Karlson/Holm/Breen method were adopted to test the mediating effects of the nurse–patient relationship and self‐rated health in the association between emotional labour and turnover intention after adjusting for variations in sociodemographic and job characteristics.

Results

Emotional labour was positively associated with turnover intention. Self‐rated poor health and a disharmonious nurse–patient relationship partially mediated the positive effect of emotional labour on turnover intention.

Conclusions

Emotional labour significantly affects the turnover intention of nurses working in public tertiary hospitals in China, and this effect is partially mediated by self‐rated health and the nurse–patient relationship.

Implications for nursing practice and nursing policy

Giving more attention to nurses’ negative emotions and work attitudes is crucial. Developing comprehensive strategies for enhancing nurses’ emotional management ability, promoting their physical and psychological well‐being, and improving nurse–patient relationship to reduce nurses’ turnover.
Psychotherapeutic nursing as Advanced Clinical Practice for the promotion of mental health in Spain
Authors: García‐Sastre María Montserrat , Castro‐Molina Francisco Javier , Cabanillas Rubén Chacón , Corrales Carmen Sánchez , Jardón Golmar Laura , Carretero Román Julián , Aguilera Serrano Carlos ,   Spanish Association of Mental Health Nursing
Published: January 2024

Objective

To contribute to the recognition of psychotherapeutic nursing (PTN) as a regulated advanced clinical practice (ACP) in Spain, as is the case in other countries.

Background

Nurses are continually evolving to improve overall health outcomes. PTN has become a reality, with several authors describing it as an ACP. In Spain, psychotherapy is not officially regulated, which has led to a significant number of psychiatric nurses adopting an important ACP in this area without recognition.

Sources of evidence

Evidence confirms that PTN possesses the attributes necessary to be considered an ACP. Nurses, like psychotherapists, independently address the complex needs of individuals and families within the context of therapeutic relationships, and there is a pressing need to advance formal processes of regulation and certification.

Discussion

PTN has evolved at different rates depending on local initiatives, policies and various professional interests. In Spain, it is crucial to evaluate its outcomes, recognise it as an ACP and develop training plans for its regulation and accreditation.

Conclusions

Mental health nurses in Spain have a strong interest in PTN being recognised as an ACP. To this end, they should join forces with other partners, scientific associations and international bodies such as the International Council of Nurses (ICN) to make PTN an internationally recognised ACP.

Implications for nursing practice

Psychotherapeutic nurses could contribute to improving mental health outcomes, client satisfaction and health system efficiency, and their formal recognition is an opportunity to enhance their professional identity, competence and autonomy.

Implications for nursing policy

Nursing policy needs to be reoriented towards strengthening psychotherapy as an ACP. Synergies and alliances between international nursing associations and the ICN can promote its development and implementation, while research, education and leadership are essential to achieving official regulation and accreditation.
Assessing the mediation pathways: How decent work affects turnover intention through job satisfaction and burnout in nursing
Authors: Xue Bowen , Feng Yaping , Hu Zhiguo , Chen Yaqian , Zhao Yihui , Li Xin , Yang Yang , Zhang Jingxuan , Zhang Yu , Luo Hong
Published: January 2024

Aim

This study aimed to assess the potential mediating roles of nurses' job satisfaction and burnout in the association between decent work and turnover intention.

Background

There is a global challenge of nursing shortages in healthcare systems worldwide. Decent work is crucial for safeguarding the rights and professional development outcomes of nurses. However, there is currently limited research on decent work among nurses, and there is a lack of studies exploring the relationships between nurses' decent work, job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey design was employed with a sample of 460 nurses from three hospitals: The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, and Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital. The STROBE checklist was used. Mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro was used to examine the relationships between decent work, job satisfaction, burnout, and turnover intention.

Results

The results showed that nurses' perception of decent work directly influences their turnover intention. Additionally, these findings strongly support the role of job satisfaction and burnout as mediating factors in the relationship between decent work and turnover intention.

Conclusions

Decent work reduces nurse burnout and turnover intention of enhancing their job satisfaction.

Implications for nursing and health policy

This study's findings have important implications for healthcare organizations and policymakers. Recognizing the pivotal role of decent work in nurses' job satisfaction and well‐being can guide the development of strategies to improve working conditions and reduce turnover rates. It is imperative for healthcare institutions to prioritize creating safe, supportive, and equitable work conditions for nurses, as this can contribute to higher job satisfaction and, subsequently, lower turnover rates.
High‐temperature phase transformation and thermodynamic properties of Ca3(VO4)2
Authors: Pei Guishang , Jiao Mengjiao , Li Zhuoyang , Li Yongda , Zhang Ningyu , Xin Yuntao , Lv Xuewei
Published: January 2024

Ca3(VO4)2 is a promising candidate for applications in ferroelectric, laser host, and optical materials owing to its unique whitlockite structure and excellent physicochemical properties. In this study, the Ca3(VO4)2 powder was fabricated via a conventional solid‐phase route in air, using V2O5 and CaO as precursors. The trigonal Ca3(VO4)2 belongs to the space group R3c, having unit cell parameters of a = 10.8074 Å, b = 10.8074 Å, and c = 37.98871 Å, respectively. Ca3(VO4)2 melts congruently at 1680 K, as determined from differential scanning calorimetry measurements of the thermal profile of the second heating test. Enthalpy changes in Ca3(VO4)2 were experimentally determined for the first time across temperatures between 573 and 1623 K by drop calorimetry. The temperature‐dependent molar heat capacity of Ca3(VO4)2 was calculated from the enthalpy changes at elevated temperatures. Thermodynamic properties (entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy changes) were also calculated. The thermodynamic properties measured in this study were further applied to evaluate the appropriate precursors for fabricating Ca3(VO4)2 via solid‐state calcination. The results strongly recommend the use of V2O5 and Ca(OH)2 precursors for preparing the Ca3(VO4)2 samples because of their thermodynamic advantages.
Machine learning and phylogenetic models identify predictors of genetic variation in Neotropical amphibians
Authors: Amador Luis , Arroyo‐Torres Irvin , Barrow Lisa N.
Published: January 2024

Aim

Intraspecific genetic variation is key for adaptation and survival in changing environments and is known to be influenced by many factors, including population size, dispersal and life‐history traits. We investigated genetic variation within Neotropical amphibian species to provide insights into how natural history traits, phylogenetic relatedness, climatic and geographic characteristics can explain intraspecific genetic diversity.

Location

Neotropics.

Taxon

Amphibians.

Methods

We assembled data sets using open‐access databases for natural history traits, genetic sequences, phylogenetic trees, climatic and geographic data. For each species, we calculated overall nucleotide diversity (π) and tested for isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by environment (IBE). We then identified predictors of π, IBD and IBE using random forest (RF) regression or RF classification. We also fitted phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models (PGLMMs) to predict π, IBD and IBE.

Results

We compiled 4052 mitochondrial DNA sequences from 256 amphibian species (230 frogs and 26 salamanders), georeferencing 2477 sequences from 176 species that were not linked to occurrence data. RF regressions and PGLMMs were congruent in identifying range size and precipitation (σ) as the most important predictors of π, influencing it positively. RF classification and PGLMMs identified minimum elevation as an important predictor of IBD; most species without IBD tended to occur at higher elevations. Maximum latitude and precipitation (σ) were the best predictors of IBE, and most species without IBE occur at lower latitudes and in areas with more variable precipitation.

Main Conclusions

This study identified predictors of genetic variation in Neotropical amphibians using both machine learning and phylogenetic methods. This approach was valuable to determine which predictors were congruent between methods. We found that species with small ranges or living in zones with less variable precipitation tended to have low genetic diversity. We also showed that Western Mesoamerica, Andes and Atlantic Forest biogeographic units harbour high diversity across many species that should be prioritized for protection. These results could play a key role in the development of conservation strategies for Neotropical amphibians.
Long non‐coding RNA as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in melanoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Masrour Mahdi , Khanmohammadi Shaghayegh , Fallahtafti Parisa , Hashemi Seyedeh Melika , Rezaei Nima
Published: January 2024

Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been applied as biomarkers for melanoma patients. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we investigated the diagnostic and prognostic value of lncRNAs. We used the keywords ‘lncRNA’ and ‘melanoma’ to search databases for studies published before June 14th, 2023. The specificity, sensitivity and AUC were utilized to assess diagnostic accuracy and the prognostic value was assessed using overall survival, progression‐free survival and disease‐free survival hazard ratios. After screening 1191 articles, we included seven studies in the diagnostic evaluation section and 17 studies in the prognosis evaluation section. The Reitsma bivariate model estimated a cumulative sensitivity of 0.724 (95% CI: 0.659–0.781, p < 0.001) and specificity of 0.812 (95% CI: 0.752–0.859, p < 0.001). The pooled AUC was 0.780 (95% CI: 0.749–0.811, p < 0.0001). The HR for overall survival was 2.723 (95% CI: 2.259–3.283, p < 0.0001). Two studies reported an HR for overall survival less than one, with an HR of 0.348 (95% CI: 0.200–0.607, p < 0.0002). The HR for progression‐free survival was 2.913 (95% CI: 2.050–4.138, p < 0.0001). Four studies reported an HR less than one, with an HR of 0.457 (95% CI: 0.256–0.817). The HR for disease‐free survival was 2.760 (95% CI: 2.009–3.792, p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the expression of lncRNAs in melanoma patients affects survival and prognosis. LncRNAs can also be employed as diagnostic biomarkers.
Associations between diet quality and dietary patterns and gestational diabetes mellitus in a low‐risk cohort of pregnant women in Australia: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ebrahimi Sara , Ellery Stacey J. , Leech Rebecca M. , van der Pligt Paige F.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Evidence of associations between the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women is limited. This study examined changes in MDS and DASH and dietary patterns in Australian pregnant women between early and late pregnancy and their associations with GDM.

Methods

The data from n = 284 participants were analysed. Diet quality indices and empirical dietary patterns were determined in early (15 ± 3 weeks gestation) and late pregnancy (35 ± 2 weeks gestation). Paired t‐tests were used to examine changes in scores for diet quality indices and dietary patterns from early to late pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between GDM, diet quality indices and dietary patterns.

Results

Three major dietary patterns were identified at early pregnancy. The first and second dietary patterns included unhealthier and healthier food groups, respectively, and the third comprised mixed food groups. Although diet quality scores did not change over time, consumption of the first dietary pattern increased (p = 0.01), and consumption of the second dietary pattern decreased by late pregnancy in women without GDM (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

No associations between DASH score, MDS and GDM were found; however an inverse association was observed between the first dietary pattern and GDM in late pregnancy (p = 0.023). Longitudinal studies are needed to examine diet quality and dietary patterns at early and late pregnancy to inform the development of tailored dietary advice for GDM.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide alleviates seizures via modulating SIRT1‐PGC‐1α mediated mitochondrial fusion and fission
Authors: Cheng Yahong , Huang Puxin , Zou Qixian , Tian Hui , Cheng Qingzhou , Ding Hong
Published: January 2024

Both human and animal experiments have demonstrated that energy metabolism dysfunction in neurons after seizures is associated with an imbalance in mitochondrial fusion/fission dynamics. Effective neuronal mitochondrial dynamics regulation strategies remain elusive. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) can ameliorate mitochondrial functional and oxidative stress in age‐related diseases. But whether NMN improves mitochondrial energy metabolism to exert anti‐epileptic effects is unclear. This study aims to clarify if NMN can protect neurons from pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) or Mg2+‐free‐induced mitochondrial disorder and apoptosis via animal and cell models. We established a continuous 30‐day PTZ (37 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection‐induced epileptic mouse model and a cell model induced by Mg2+‐free solution incubation to explore the neuroprotective effects of NMN. We found that NMN treatment significantly reduced the seizure intensity of PTZ‐induced epileptic mice, improved their learning and memory ability, and enhanced their motor activity and exploration desire. At the same time, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that NMN can inhibit neuronal apoptosis and improve the mitochondrial energy metabolism function of neurons. In addition, NMN down‐regulated the expression of mitochondrial fission proteins (Drp1 and Fis1) and promoted the expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins (Mfn1 and Mfn2) by activating the SIRT1‐PGC‐1α pathway, thereby inhibiting PTZ or Mg2+‐free extracellular solution‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, cell apoptosis, and oxidative stress. However, combined intervention of SIRT1 inhibitor, Selisistat, and PGC‐1α inhibitor, SR‐18292, eliminated the regulatory effect of NMN pre‐treatment on mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins and apoptosis‐related proteins. Therefore, NMN intervention may be a new potential treatment for cognitive impairment and behavioral disorders induced by epilepsy, and targeting the SIRT1‐PGC‐1α pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy for seizures.

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Male rat hypothalamic extraretinal photoreceptor Opsin3 is sensitive to osmotic stimuli and light
Authors: Bárez‐López Soledad , Bishop Paul , Searby Daniel , Murphy David , Greenwood Michael P.
Published: January 2024

The light‐sensitive protein Opsin 3 (Opn3) is present throughout the mammalian brain; however, the role of Opn3 in this organ remains unknown. Since Opn3 encoded mRNA is modulated in the supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in response to osmotic stimuli, we have explored by in situ hybridization the expression of Opn3 in these nuclei. We have demonstrated that Opn3 is present in the male rat magnocellular neurones expressing either the arginine vasopressin or oxytocin neuropeptides and that Opn3 increases in both neuronal types in response to osmotic stimuli, suggesting that Opn3 functions in both cell types and that it might be involved in regulating water balance. Using rat hypothalamic organotypic cultures, we have demonstrated that the hypothalamus is sensitive to light and that the observed light sensitivity is mediated, at least in part, by Opn3. The data suggests that hypothalamic Opn3 can mediate a light‐sensitive role to regulate circadian homeostatic processes.
Preparation and in vitro evaluation of protective effects of Silibinin‐loaded polymeric micelles on human hair against UV‐B radiation
Authors: Zadeh Behzad Sharif Makhmal , Akbari Hamed , Salimi Anayatollah
Published: January 2024

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Silibinin‐loaded polymeric micelles from human hair against UV‐B radiation.

Methods

Eight formulations with different concentrations of Silibinin, Pluronic F‐127, and Labrasol‐Labrafil were made by a solvent evaporation method, and the selected formulation was chosen by examining their properties like particle size and loading efficiency. Six groups of human hair, including a group that received the selected formulation, were exposed to UV‐B radiation and by calculating its factors such as peak‐to‐valley roughness, RMS roughness, FTIR, and the amount of protein loss, the protective effect of the selected formulation was judged.

Results

According to the results, the loading efficiency and particle size of the selected formulation were 45.34% and 43.19 nm. The Silibinin release profile had two parts, fast and slow, which were suitable for creating a drug depot on hair. Its zeta potential also confirmed the minimum electrostatic interference between the formulation and hair surface. The zeta potential of selected formulation was −5.9 mv. Examination of AFM images showed that the selected formulation was able to prevent the increase in peak‐to‐valley roughness and RMS roughness caused by UV‐B radiation. RMS roughness after 600 h of UV radiation in Groups 5 and 6 was significantly lower than the negative control group and the amount of this factor did not differ significantly between 0 and 600, so it can be concluded that the selected formulation containing Silibinin and the positive control group was able to prevent the increase of RMS roughness and hair destruction. In other hands, the two positive control groups and the selected formulation containing Silibinin were able to effectively reduce hair protein loss.

Conclusion

Silibinin‐loaded polymeric micelles were able to effectively protect hair from structural and chemical changes caused by UV‐B radiation.
The role of brain perfusion SPECT in the diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Athanasio Bruno S. , Oliveira Ana Cecília de Sena , Pedrosa Ana Luísa , Borges Rafael S. , Neto Avelar O. M. , Oliveira Rafael A. , de Resende Elisa de Paula França , de Moraes Renata Freire , Caramelli Paulo , de Souza Leonardo Cruz
Published: January 2024

Background and Purpose

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common cause of presenile dementia. The clinical distinction between FTD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other dementias is a clinical challenge. Brain perfusion SPECT may contribute to the diagnosis of FTD, but its value is unclear.

Methods

We performed a systematic review to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the brain SPECT in (1) distinguishing FTD from AD and other dementias and (2) differentiating FTD variants.

Results

Overall, 391 studies were retrieved on the initial search and 35 studies composed the final selection, comprising a total number of 3142 participants of which 1029 had FTD. The sensitivity and the specificity for the differential diagnosis of FTD versus AD ranged from 56% to 88% and from 51% to 93%, respectively. SPECT is not superior to the clinical method of diagnosis, but the combination of SPECT with clinical data seems to improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion

Brain perfusion SPECT has a limited value in the diagnostic framework of FTD. SPECT can be performed when FDG‐PET is not available. SPECT is recommended only for selected cases when the diagnosis is challenging using conventional methods.