bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernidad y marimba en la prensa de Tumaco (1909-1914)
Authors: Aparicio Erazo Jorge Luis
Published: June 2015

This article explores the relations between the press and the mechanisms of condemnation and complaints regarding certain celebratory rituals among the subaltern sectors, especially those that were performed with the accompaniment of the musical instrument known as the marimba, in the context of the modernization of Tumaco, a port city on the Pacific coast of Colombia, during the first decade of the 20th century. The article presents some aspects of the press and journalism of the period, as well as a set of articles that highlight the dances of the black people of the region and that point out fundamental elements of this context in order to understand the ways they were portrayed in the press at that time.
Atmospheric processes governing the changes in water isotopologues during ENSO events from model and satellite measurements
Authors: Sutanto S. J. , Hoffmann G. , Worden J. , Scheepmaker R. A. , Aben I. , Röckmann T.
Published: June 2015

ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) has profound effects on the global water cycle, which can be examined at the process level by investigating the associated water isotopologues. Many isotope‐based studies are aimed at understanding ENSO variability in the tropics, however, focusing principally on near‐surface processes and isotopologue signals. The goal of the present study is to investigate the atmospheric processes governing the changes in the isotopic composition of water vapor both near the surface and at midtroposphere in the Pacific region during ENSO events, using a combination of remote sensing data and model simulations. For the lower atmosphere (i.e., 1000 hPa), our results show that rainout processes, less rain reevaporation of falling droplets, and increase of convective updrafts and diffusive exchange within the convective systems contribute to “the isotope amount effect” and isotopically deplete the water vapor during wet conditions, in agreement with previous studies. However, we find that the ENSO‐associated isotopic signal in the midtroposphere (i.e., 500 hPa) diverges from the near‐surface response. Analysis suggests that transport of enriched water vapor from lower atmospheric layers through convective updrafts controls the enrichment of midtropospheric water vapor over the Pacific Ocean. In the observations, a strong positive correlation between the increase of convective precipitation and the isotopic composition of water vapor clearly points to such a mechanism (R of 0.7–0.8 in the Central Pacific and 0.5–0.6 in the West Pacific). Model results confirm this mechanisms though producing slightly lower correlation values, with R values of 0.6 in the Central Pacific and 0.5 in the West Pacific. However, the distinction between convective and stratiform precipitation remains a result of model‐dependent parameterization. Our analysis suggests that two issues should be investigated in more detail in further studies: (1) the equilibrium and disequilibrium between rain droplets and surrounding vapor for convective and stratiform precipitation and (2) different convection schemes in the different isotopic general circulation models (GCMs) describing the triggering of convection and uplift of lower layer air to higher layers. Ideally, such a comparison of different isotopic GCMs can provide us with an interesting benchmark test for the performance of the different convection schemes during ENSO and can help to disentangle the importance of the different processes contributing to the amount effect.
ZnO Nanorod Arrays as Electron Injection Layers for Efficient Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Faria Jorge C. D. , Campbell Alasdair J. , McLachlan Martyn A.
Published: June 2015

Nanostructured oxide arrays have received significant attention as charge injection and collection electrodes in numerous optoelectronic devices. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods have received particular interest owing to the ease of fabrication using scalable, solution processes with a high degree of control of rod dimension and density. Here, vertical ZnO nanorods as electron injection layers in organic light emitting diodes are implemented for display and lighting purposes. Implementing nanorods into devices with an emissive polymer, poly(9,9‐dioctyluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) and poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐N‐(4‐butylphenyl)dipheny‐lamine) (TFB) as an electron blocking layer, brightness and efficiencies up to 8602 cd m−2 and 1.66 cd A−1 are achieved. Simple solution processing methodologies combined with postdeposition thermal processing are highlighted to achieve complete wetting of the nanorod arrays with the emissive polymer. The introduction of TFB to minimize charge leakage and nonradiative exciton decay results in dramatic increases to device yields and provides an insight into the operating mechanism of these devices. It is demonstrated that the detected emission originates from within the polymer layers with no evidence of ZnO band edge or defect emission. The work represents a significant development for the ongoing implementation of ZnO nanorod arrays into efficient light emitting devices.
Neurodevelopmental variability in three young girls with a rare chromosomal disorder, 48, XXXX
Authors: Samango‐Sprouse Carole , Keen Colleen , Mitchell Francie , Sadeghin Teresa , Gropman Andrea
Published: June 2015

Fourty eight, XXXX is a rare chromosomal aneuploidy associated with neurocognitive deficits, speech and language disorders and executive dysfunction but the scarcity and variability of reported cases limit our understanding of the 48, XXXX phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the neurodevelopmental profile of three young females with 48, XXXX. Patient 1 (age = 11.0), Patient 2 (age = 10.9), and Patient 3 (age = 6.4) were evaluated using comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessments. Parent questionnaires were completed to assess behavioral and psychosocial domains including executive function, ADHD and anxiety. Nonverbal intelligence quotients were 56, 80, and 91 for Patients 1, 2, and 3, respectively. There were significantly impaired visual motor capacities in graphomotor and perceptual domains below the 5th centile in Patients 1 and 2, and mildly impaired visual perception skills in Patient 3. All three patients had Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) but of varying severity and similar executive dysfunction, externalizing problems and social difficulties. Familial learning disabilities (FLD) in Patient 1 and the co‐occurrence of ADHD in Patient's 1 and 2 may contribute to their more impaired cognitive performances relative to Patient 3 who is the second reported case of 48, XXXX to have normal intellect. These distinct and overlapping characteristics expand the phenotypic profile of 48, XXXX and may be used in the counseling of families and treatment of children with 48, XXXX. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Case Study on the Use of Auditory Integration Training as a Treatment for Stereotypy
Authors: LaFrance Danielle L. , Miguel Caio F. , Donahue Jacquelyn N. , Fechter Timothy R.
Published: June 2015

The purpose of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of auditory integration training (AIT) as a treatment for motor stereotypy. The participant was a 5‐year‐old boy diagnosed with autism who had been prescribed AIT. We used an ABCBCA reversal design to examine the effectiveness of AIT on stereotypy. Data were collected for 5 min before, during, and after each experimental condition. Results showed that AIT did not decrease stereotypy. In fact, the total overall occurrence of stereotypy increased and remained high, suggesting that AIT was not an effective treatment for this participant. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlations among differing quantitative definitions of lipid oxidative stability in commodity fats and oils
Authors: Kerrihard Adrian L. , Nagy Kornél , Craft Brian D. , Pegg Ronald B.
Published: June 2015

The objective of this study was to explore the compatibility of various oxidative stability quantifications in vegetable oils. A diverse sample set (n = 50) of edible fats and oils was examined. Oil stability index (OSI) data were collected with the initial lipids, and four classical methods (peroxide value [PV], conjugated dienes/trienes [CDT], p‐anisidine value [p‐AnV], and 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances [TBARS]) were utilized to assess lipid decomposition over a period of 2 months of accelerated storage (60°C). Resultant oxidation curves were summarized by seven numerical interpretation techniques, and submitted to correlation analyses. The correlations among the different quantitations of stability ranged from negligible (r2 < 0.10) to strong (r2 > 0.90). The area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC) and maximum value data demonstrated the greatest consistencies among the different assays. The strongest predictive relationship between 1° and 2° outputs occurred between maximum values for CDT and p‐AnV (r2 = 0.71). OSI values showed moderate power regression relationships (r2 = 0.59–0.70) with the AUC data. The data demonstrate that the quantitation methods used to assess oxidative stability can dramatically affect results and conclusions. Caution, and consideration of these correlations, is recommended when designing oxidative stability studies, and also when comparing conclusions resulting from differing stability assessments.

Practical applications: The information reported can assist investigators to make reasoned decisions in the design of studies regarding the assessment and summarization of oxidative stability. It can also help researchers when making comparisons to prior conclusions regarding oxidative stability, with more detailed consideration of the effect upon results of the different means by which stability may be assessed and defined.

The oxidative stabilities of edible oils were assessed by multiple techniques and quantitative definitions, including those acquired rapidly and throughout long‐term accelerated storage. Correlations of substantially varying strengths were found among the different evaluations, quantifications, and orderings of stabilities within the sample set.
Detection of ADP ribosylation in PARP‐1 and bacterial toxins using a capillary‐based western system
Authors: Rustandi Richard R. , Hamm Melissa , Loughney John W. , Ha Sha
Published: June 2015

Both poly and mono ADP‐ribosylation are common posttranslational protein modifications. For example, poly ADP‐ribosylation is involved in DNA repair mechanisms through the poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes. While mono ADP‐ribosylation has been known to trigger cell death exhibited by many bacterial toxins. Because of the wide role of ADP‐ribosylation, the detection and analysis are very important for further understanding of the PARP family of enzymes and the molecular mechanisms leading to cell toxicity in the presence of bacterial enzymes. Here, we describe a novel technique utilizing a CE‐based Western technology to detect and analyze ADP‐ribosylated proteins. The method is based on a nanovolume size separation that is automated, quantitative, offers great sensitivity, and is high‐throughput for potential use in PARP drug screening inhibitor assays.
High Levels of Physical Activity in Anorexia Nervosa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gümmer Ricarda , Giel Katrin Elisabeth , Schag Kathrin , Resmark Gaby , Junne Florian Philipp , Becker Sandra , Zipfel Stephan , Teufel Martin
Published: June 2015

High level physical activity is a frequent symptom in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), influencing the development, maintenance, complications, treatment success, relapse rate and severity of the disease. Accelerometry is assumed to be an objective method to assess physical activity (PA) in AN. We aimed to review objectively measured levels of PA in AN and to give an overview for clinical practice and future research. Data were searched in PubMed and PsychINFO until April 2015 following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses statement. Twenty studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A notable heterogeneity of measurements, outcomes, participants and settings was found. Overall, HLPA is not adressed enough by current evidence. A common valid terminology of HLPA is not available, and accurate criteria of different levels of PA must be defined to create comparability of future studies. Further objective PA assessments are needed to improve treatment outcome and relapse rate. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Psychological Capital Intervention (PCI): A Replication and Extension
Authors: Dello Russo Silvia , Stoykova Petya
Published: June 2015

Psychological Capital (PsyCap) is a positive individual characteristic, and its malleability and openness to development have made it the focus of considerable attention in recent years. A training procedure for improving individuals’ PsyCap has been advanced and tested by Luthans and colleagues in a North American sample. The purpose of the current study was to generalize the effectiveness of the PsyCap Intervention (Luthans, Avey, Avolio, Norman, & Combs, 2006) when conducted by different trainers (i.e., replication), and to explore its longer term effects (i.e., extension). We trained a pooled sample ( N = 40) of students and professionals in Bulgaria and conducted a one‐month follow‐up assessment of PsyCap in order to examine the durability of the training effects. The statistical analyses revealed significant improvements in the overall PsyCap after training as well as in each of its four dimensions, namely, self‐efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism; remarkably, these improvements remained stable over one month, attesting to the durability of the training effects in the samples of both students and professionals. These results contribute to the accrual of scientific knowledge on a theory‐driven and evidence‐based HRD intervention.
Overexpression of Fkbp11, a feature of lupus B cells, leads to B cell tolerance breakdown and initiates plasma cell differentiation
Authors: Ruer‐Laventie Julie , Simoni Léa , Schickel Jean‐Nicolas , Soley Anne , Duval Monique , Knapp Anne‐Marie , Marcellin Luc , Lamon Delphine , Korganow Anne‐Sophie , Martin Thierry , Pasquali Jean‐Louis , Soulas‐Sprauel Pauline
Published: June 2015

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a severe systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by multi‐organ damages, triggered by an autoantibody‐mediated inflammation, and with a complex genetic influence. It is today accepted that adult SLE arises from the building up of many subtle gene variations, each one adding a new brick on the SLE susceptibility and contributing to a phenotypic trait to the disease. One of the ways to find these gene variations consists in comprehensive analysis of gene expression variation in a precise cell type, which can constitute a good complementary strategy to genome wide association studies. Using this strategy, and considering the central role of B cells in SLE, we analyzed the B cell transcriptome of quiescent SLE patients, and identified an overexpression of FKBP11, coding for a cytoplasmic putative peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerase and chaperone enzyme. To understand the consequences of FKBP11 overexpression on B cell function and on autoimmunity's development, we created lentiviral transgenic mice reproducing this gene expression variation. We showed that high expression of Fkbp11 reproduces by itself two phenotypic traits of SLE in mice: breakdown of B cell tolerance against DNA and initiation of plasma cell differentiation by acting upstream of Pax5 master regulator gene.
Regulation of nonsmall‐cell lung cancer stem cell like cells by neurotransmitters and opioid peptides
Authors: Banerjee Jheelam , Papu John Arokya M.S. , Schuller Hildegard M.
Published: June 2015

Nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading type of lung cancer and has a poor prognosis. We have shown that chronic stress promoted NSCLC xenografts in mice via stress neurotransmitter‐activated cAMP signaling downstream of beta‐adrenergic receptors and incidental beta‐blocker therapy was reported to improve clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients. These findings suggest that psychological stress promotes NSCLC whereas pharmacologically or psychologically induced decreases in cAMP may inhibit NSCLC. Cancer stem cells are thought to drive the development, progression and resistance to therapy of NSCLC. However, their potential regulation by stress neurotransmitters has not been investigated. In the current study, epinephrine increased the number of cancer stem cell like cells (CSCs) from three NSCLC cell lines in spheroid formation assays while enhancing intracellular cAMP and the stem cell markers sonic hedgehog (SHH), aldehyde dehydrogenase‐1 (ALDH‐1) and Gli1, effects reversed by GABA or dynorphin B via Gαi‐mediated inhibition of cAMP formation. The growth of NSCLC xenografts in a mouse model of stress reduction was significantly reduced as compared with mice maintained under standard conditions. Stress reduction reduced serum levels of corticosterone, norepinephrine and epinephrine while the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and opioid peptides increased. Stress reduction significantly reduced cAMP, VEGF, p‐ERK, p‐AKT, p‐CREB, p‐SRc, SHH, ALDH‐1 and Gli1 in xenograft tissues whereas cleaved caspase‐3 and p53 were induced. We conclude that stress neurotransmitters activate CSCs in NSCLC via multiple cAMP‐mediated pathways and that pharmacologically or psychologically induced decreases in cAMP signaling may improve clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients.
New Perspectives in Reducing Amyloid Aggregation and Toxicity
Authors: Chemerovski‐Glikman Marina , Richman Michal , Rahimipour Shai
Published: June 2015

One of the fundamental biochemical characteristics of Alzheimer′s Disease (AD) is the intercellular accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide plaques in the brain. Although there is not yet a cure for AD, major efforts have been made to identify antiamyloidogenic agents and therapeutic strategies to treat this disease and related conditions. Our group focuses on inhibiting the aggregation and toxicity of Aβ using two distinct approaches. The first involves covalently attaching the sequence‐derived core amyloidogenic amino acid fragment KLVFF to the surfaces of serum albumin microspheres. These particles bind soluble Aβ with high affinity, inhibit its aggregation, reduce its toxicity, and decrease the inflammation induced by its aggregates. Microsphere‐bound Aβ stimulates microglia and is phagocytosed via a different mechanism from that used for Aβ removal, so enabling its clearance even by defective cells. Our second approach utilizes self‐assembled cyclic D,L‐α‐peptides as conformational mimics of the amyloid fibril architecture that inhibit the aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ. Here, we review these strategies and their mechanisms of action.
Efficient global optimization of reactive force‐field parameters
Authors: Dittner Mark , Müller Julian , Aktulga Hasan Metin , Hartke Bernd
Published: June 2015

Reactive force fields make low‐cost simulations of chemical reactions possible. However, optimizing them for a given chemical system is difficult and time‐consuming. We present a high‐performance implementation of global force‐field parameter optimization, which delivers parameter sets of the same quality with much less effort and in far less time than before, and also offers excellent parallel scaling. We demonstrate these features with example applications targeting the ReaxFF force field. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Permeability of an Artificial Membrane for Wide Range of pH in Human Gastrointestinal Tract: Experimental Measurements and Quantitative StructureActivity Relationship
Authors: Oja Mare , Maran Uko
Published: June 2015

In silico models for membrane permeability have been based on values measured for single pH. Depending on the diet (fasted/fed state) and part of human intestine the range of pH varies approximately from 2.4 to 8.0. This motivated to study and model the membrane permeability of chemicals considering the whole range of pH in the human intestine. For this, effective membrane permeability values were measured for 65 drugs and drug‐like compounds using PAMPA method at four pHs (3, 5, 7.4, 9) over 48 h, introducing technological innovations for the time‐dependence measurement. The highest permeability value of a compound from four pHs was used to derive QSAR analyzing a large pool of molecular descriptors and introducing new descriptor. Using stepwise forward selection approach a significant QSAR model was derived that included only two mechanistically relevant descriptors, the logarithmic octanol‐water partition coefficient and hydrogen bonding surface area. Prediction confidence of the model was blind tested with a true external validation set of 15 compounds. The resulting QSAR model shows potential to combine permeability values from various pH‐s into one descriptive and predictive model for estimating maximum permeability in human gastrointestinal tract. The QSAR model and data are available through the QsarDB repository (http://dx.doi.org/10.15152/QDB.137).
A cyclic algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation using Schur complement
Authors: N'Guessan Assi , Geraldo Issa Cherif
Published: June 2015

Using the Schur complement of a matrix, we propose a computational framework for performing constrained maximum likelihood estimation in which the unknown parameters can be partitioned into two sets. Under appropriate regularity conditions, the corresponding estimating equations form a non‐linear system of equations with constraints. Solving this system is typically accomplished via methods which require computing or estimating a Hessian matrix. We present an alternative algorithm that solves the constrained non‐linear system in block coordinate descent fashion. An explicit form for the solution is given. The overall algorithm is shown in numerical studies to be faster than standard methods that either compute or approximate the Hessian as well as the classical Nelder–Mead algorithm. We apply our approach to a motivating problem of evaluating the effectiveness of Road Safety Policies. This includes several numerical studies on simulated data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of graphene oxide size and structure on synthesis and optoelectronic properties of hybrid graphene oxide‐poly(3‐hexylthiophene) nanocomposites
Authors: Sriram Pavithra , Nutenki Rajender , Mandapati Venkateswara Reddy , Karuppiah Murugan , Kattimuttathu Suresh I.
Published: June 2015

Conjugated polymer‐layered filler nanocomposites have received extensive interest as multifunctional materials in various futuristic applications. In this study, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) particle size on the synthesis, optical, and electrochemical properties of in situ prepared graphene oxide (GO)‐poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanocomposites have been studied. The intercalation of GO with P3HT is inferred from shifting and broadening of the characteristic D‐ and G‐bands of GO in Raman spectra and also the vibrational frequencies in FTIR. This interaction is further confirmed from increase of the optical band gap and the ellipsometry data. The UV–visible absorption maximum (λmax) of P3HT decreases from 438 to 418 nm in the nanocomposite owing to ionic interactions between GO and the polymer causing a decrease of the polymer conjugation length. Compared to the homopolymer, the emission maximum of the composite is broadened and enhanced in intensity with 10 wt% GO but emission quenching is observed with GO nanoparticles. The evidence of polymer intercalation was also deduced from the determination of the basal spacing and unit cell dimensions of GO, using X‐ray diffraction data. Morphological studies using field emission scanning electron microscopy suggest that the crystalline rod‐like structures observed in the homopolymer have changed to more amorphous, flaky, and porous structures. The cyclic voltammetry studies show an increase in current with increasing GO content in the porous nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:852–862, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Systemic acquired resistance activation in solanaceous crops as a management strategy against root‐knot nematodes
Authors: Molinari Sergio
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND

Activators of systemic acquired resistance (SAR), such as salicylic acid (SA) and its synthetic functional analogues benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole‐7‐carbothionic acid‐S‐methyl ester (BTH) and 2,6‐dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), were tested on tomato, eggplant and pepper for the control of the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Effects on plant fitness, nematode reproduction and root galling were screened in relation to different methods of application, to different applied dosages of chemicals and to different plant growth stages. Dosages applied to plants were in relation to plant weights. These chemicals were also tested for their possible nematotoxic activity in vitro.

RESULTS

Soil drenches of SA and INA and root dip application of SA and BTH inhibited nematode reproduction, at specific dosage ranges, without affecting plant growth. SA and INA were able to reduce root galling as well. Foliar sprays of both SA and BTH were ineffective against nematode attacks. Plants tolerated SA more than the other chemicals tested. BTH at elevated concentrations increased the mortality of nematode juveniles and reduced egg hatching in vitro.

CONCLUSIONS

SAR activators at concentrations suitable for different plant growth stages and applied by the proper method can possibly be included in IPM programmes for nematode management. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation, Crystal Structure, Vibrational Spectra, and Thermal Behavior of Tl2H2P2O6 and Tl4P2O6
Authors: Wu Peng , Pook Niels‐Patrick , Gjikaj Mimoza
Published: June 2015

The new thallium(I) salts, Tl2H2P2O6 (1) and Tl4P2O6 (2), were prepared and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c and compound 2 in the orthorhombic space group Pbca. Both structures feature channels occupied by the lone electron pairs of Tl+ cations. Furthermore, those are built up by discrete [H2P2O6]2– for compound 1 and [P2O6]4– units for 2 in staggered conformation for the P2O6 skeleton and the thallium cations. In Tl2H2P2O6 (1) the hydrogen atoms of the [H2P2O6]2– ion are in a “trans‐trans” conformation. The O···H–O hydrogen bonds between the [H2P2O6]2– groups consolidate the structure 1 into a three‐dimensional network. FT‐IR/FIR and FT‐Raman spectra of the crystalline title compounds were recorded and a complete assignment for the P2O64– modes is proposed. The phase purity of 1 was verified by powder diffraction measurements.
Ästhetische Erfahrung in der Musik und humanistische transaktionsanalytische Psychotherapie
Authors: Sell Matthias
Published: June 2015

Es wird die ästhetische Erfahrung als eine gemeinsam ko-kreativ hergestellte, ko-präsente Erfahrung von Künstler, Kunstwerk und Betrachter oder Rezipient beschrieben. Kunst als ästhetische Erfahrung wird als eine Schwellenerfahrung dargestellt. Anhand von verschiedenen Kunstwerken wird die Schwellensituation der ästhetischen Erfahrung erfasst und historischen Werken ebenso wie postmodernen zugeordnet. Die Musik wird als ästhetische Erfahrung speziell in der Improvisation vorgestellt. Ebenso wird gezeigt, dass im psychotherapeutischen Prozess stets eine Improvisation auch als Brückenerfahrung vorhanden ist, in der sich ebenfalls eine wechselseitige Improvisation eröffnet, wobei dies unterschiedliche Standpunkte und Blickweisen auf Gleichheiten oder Unterschiede der Erfahrung von Kunst eröffnet.
Die Linie des Lebens
Authors: Franzen Georg
Published: June 2015

Am Beispiel einer Aktion von Kunststudenten, die im Rahmen der Hundertwasserausstellung in der Bremer Kunsthalle 2012 ununterbrochen–mehr als 48 Stunden lang–vor der Eröffnung der Ausstellung eine Linie gezogen hatten und die Große Galerie in eine endlose Spirale verwandelten, wird ein rezeptiver kunsttherapeutischer Ansatz vorgestellt: Ein Kunstwerk als Induktion für eine imaginative-hypnotherapeutische Übung zu nutzen. Dargestellt wird ebenso die Bedeutung des künstlerischen Gesamtkonzepts von Friedensreich Hundertwasser, dessen Werk ebenso kunsttherapeutische und kunstpsychologische Aspekte beinhaltet.
Cathepsin D protects colorectal cancer cells from acetate-induced apoptosis through autophagy-independent degradation of damaged mitochondria
Authors: Oliveira C S F , Pereira H , Alves S , Castro L , Baltazar F , Chaves S R , Preto A , Côrte-Real M
Published: June 2015

Acetate is a short-chain fatty acid secreted by Propionibacteria from the human intestine, known to induce mitochondrial apoptotic death in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We previously established that acetate also induces lysosome membrane permeabilization in CRC cells, associated with release of the lysosomal protease cathepsin D (CatD), which has a well-established role in the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade. Unexpectedly, we showed that CatD has an antiapoptotic role in this process, as pepstatin A (a CatD inhibitor) increased acetate-induced apoptosis. These results mimicked our previous data in the yeast system showing that acetic acid activates a mitochondria-dependent apoptosis process associated with vacuolar membrane permeabilization and release of the vacuolar protease Pep4p, ortholog of mammalian CatD. Indeed, this protease was required for cell survival in a manner dependent on its catalytic activity and for efficient mitochondrial degradation independently of autophagy. In this study, we therefore assessed the role of CatD in acetate-induced mitochondrial alterations. We found that, similar to acetic acid in yeast, acetate-induced apoptosis is not associated with autophagy induction in CRC cells. Moreover, inhibition of CatD with small interfering RNA or pepstatin A enhanced apoptosis associated with higher mitochondrial dysfunction and increased mitochondrial mass. This effect seems to be specific, as inhibition of CatB and CatL with E-64d had no effect, nor were these proteases significantly released to the cytosol during acetate-induced apoptosis. Using yeast cells, we further show that the role of Pep4p in mitochondrial degradation depends on its protease activity and is complemented by CatD, indicating that this mechanism is conserved. In summary, the clues provided by the yeast model unveiled a novel CatD function in the degradation of damaged mitochondria when autophagy is impaired, which protects CRC cells from acetate-induced apoptosis. CatD inhibitors could therefore enhance acetate-mediated cancer cell death, presenting a novel strategy for prevention or therapy of CRC.
Ratio of C-Reactive Protein/Albumin is An Inflammatory Prognostic Score for Predicting Overall Survival of Patients with Small-cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhou Ting , Zhan Jianhua , Hong Shaodong , Hu Zhihuang , Fang Wenfeng , Qin Tao , Ma Yuxiang , Yang Yunpeng , He Xiaobo , Zhao Yuanyuan , Huang Yan , Zhao Hongyun , Zhang Li
Published: June 2015

Recent studies have indicated that the C-reactive protein/ albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We examined the prognostic value of this ratio in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). In this retrospective study, a total of 367 eligible SCLC patients were analyzed and the correlation between the pretreatment CRP/Alb ratio and overall survival (OS) was investigated. The optimal cutoff level of CRP/Alb ratio was at 0.441. A low and high CRP/Alb ratio was assigned to 65.1% and 34.9% of patients, respectively. The median OS of patients with a high CRP/Alb ratio was worse than those in the low group (13.70 vs 18.90 months HR, 1.34; p = 0.005). Disease stage (p < 0.001), performance status (PS) (p < 0.001) and pretreatment LDH (p < 0.001) were also significant predictors of OS. Multivariate analyses showed that the CRP/Alb ratio is an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.025). This study demonstrated that the CRP/Alb ratio could independently predict OS in patients with SCLC and had comparable prognostic value to other known prognostic markers. Therefore, the CRP/Alb ratio could have prognostic value and be a measurable biomarker in patients with SCLC.
East Asian summer monsoon precipitation variability since the last deglaciation
Authors: Chen Fahu , Xu Qinghai , Chen Jianhui , Birks H. John B. , Liu Jianbao , Zhang Shengrui , Jin Liya , An Chengbang , Telford Richard J. , Cao Xianyong , Wang Zongli , Zhang Xiaojian , Selvaraj Kandasamy , Lu Houyuan , Li Yuecong , Zheng Zhuo , Wang Haipeng , Zhou Aifeng , Dong Guanghui , Zhang Jiawu , Huang Xiaozhong , Bloemendal Jan , Rao Zhiguo
Published: June 2015

The lack of a precisely-dated, unequivocal climate proxy from northern China, where precipitation variability is traditionally considered as an East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) indicator, impedes our understanding of the behaviour and dynamics of the EASM. Here we present a well-dated, pollen-based, ~20-yr-resolution quantitative precipitation reconstruction (derived using a transfer function) from an alpine lake in North China, which provides for the first time a direct record of EASM evolution since 14.7 ka (ka = thousands of years before present, where the “present” is defined as the year AD 1950). Our record reveals a gradually intensifying monsoon from 14.7–7.0 ka, a maximum monsoon (30% higher precipitation than present) from ~7.8–5.3 ka and a rapid decline since ~3.3 ka. These insolation-driven EASM trends were punctuated by two millennial-scale weakening events which occurred synchronously to the cold Younger Dryas and at ~9.5–8.5 ka and by two centennial-scale intervals of enhanced (weakened) monsoon during the Medieval Warm Period (Little Ice Age). Our precipitation reconstruction, consistent with temperature changes but quite different from the prevailing view of EASM evolution, points to strong internal feedback processes driving the EASM and may aid our understanding of future monsoon behaviour under ongoing anthropogenic climate change.
Magnetic skyrmion transistor: skyrmion motion in a voltage-gated nanotrack
Authors: Zhang Xichao , Zhou Yan , Ezawa Motohiko , Zhao G. P. , Zhao Weisheng
Published: June 2015

Magnetic skyrmions are localized and topologically protected spin configurations, which are of both fundamental and applied interests for future electronics. In this work, we propose a voltage-gated skyrmion transistor within the well-established framework of micromagnetics. Its operating conditions and processes have been theoretically investigated and demonstrated, in which the gate voltage can be used to switch on/off a circuit. Our results provide the first time guidelines for practical realization of hybrid skyrmionic-electronic devices.
Phase-Lock Requirements in a Serial Array of Spin Transfer Nano-Oscillators
Authors: Qu T. , Victora R.H.
Published: June 2015

The most promising approach to attain a narrow linewidth and a large output power simultaneously in spin torque oscillators is self-phase-locking of an array of oscillators. Two long range coupling mechanisms, magnetostatic interaction and self-induced current, are explored. Synchronization occurs with MR ratio ~14% and volume ~2.1 × 10−5 μm3 at room temperature for an experimental frequency dispersion, when only the self-induced microwave current is present. The dipole interaction decreases the MR ratio requirement when the elements are properly spaced.
Comment on “Rapid visual detection of blood cyanide” by C. Männel-Croisé and F. Zelder, Analytical Methods, 2012,4, 2632
Authors: Kadjo Akinde F. , Dasgupta Purnendu K. , Boss Gerry R.
Published: June 2015

We discuss evidence suggesting that the approach described in the manuscript of Männel-Croisé and Zelder may not be a practically usable procedure regardless of the exact chromogenic reagent used.
Gut microbiota-mediated deglycosylation of ginsenoside Rb1 in rats: in vitro and in vivo insights from quantitative ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: An Kang , Shengjie Zhang , Jinjun Shan , Liuqing Di
Published: June 2015

Ginsenoside Rb1, an ingredient of the herbal medicine Panax ginseng, possesses a variety of biological activities.
A Golgi-localized two-photon probe for imaging zinc ions
Authors: Singh Hardev , Lee Hyo Won , Heo Cheol Ho , Byun Ji Won , Sarkar Avik Ranjan , Kim Hwan Myung
Published: June 2015

A Golgi-localizable two-photon fluorescent probe for 3D monitoring of Zn2+ ions in live cells and rat brain tissues was reported.
In vitro gene expression within membrane-free coacervate protocells
Authors: Dora. Tang T.-Y. , van Swaay Dirk , deMello Andrew , Ross Anderson J. L. , Mann Stephen
Published: June 2015

Cell-free gene expression of a fluorescent protein (mCherry) is demonstrated within the molecularly crowded matrix of a polysaccharide/polypeptide coacervate.
Entrapment of a chiral cobalt complex within silver: a novel heterogeneous catalyst for asymmetric carboxylation of benzyl bromides with CO2
Authors: Yang Heng-Pan , Yue Ying-Na , Sun Qi-Long , Feng Qiu , Wang Huan , Lu Jia-Xing
Published: June 2015

A novel way to accommodate heterogeneous catalysis, CO2fixation and asymmetric synthesis on one catalyst is reported.
On the role of local charge carrier mobility in the charge separation mechanism of organic photovoltaics
Authors: Yoshikawa Saya , Saeki Akinori , Saito Masahiko , Osaka Itaru , Seki Shu
Published: June 2015

Although the charge separation (CS) and transport processes that compete with geminate and non-geminate recombination are commonly regarded as the governing factors of organic photovoltaic (OPV) efficiency, the details of the CS mechanism remain largely unexplored.
A sustainable future for photonic colloidal nanocrystals
Authors: Grim Joel Q. , Manna Liberato , Moreels Iwan
Published: June 2015

We discuss the prospects of replacing Cd- and Pb-based colloidal nanocrystals with heavy metal-free alternatives for photonic applications.
Molybdenum complexes derived from the oxydianiline [(2-NH2C6H4)2O]: synthesis, characterization and ε-caprolactone ROP capability
Authors: Yang Wenxue , Zhao Ke-Qing , Redshaw Carl , Elsegood Mark R. J.
Published: June 2015

Imido containing molybdenum complexes, structurally characterized from reactions involving 2,2′-oxydianiline with either Na2MoO4 or Mo(NtBu)2Cl2(DME), can ring open polymerize ε-caprolactone with good conversion at 100 °C.
Progress in triboelectric nanogenerators as a new energy technology and self-powered sensors
Authors: Wang Zhong Lin , Chen Jun , Lin Long
Published: June 2015

A review on the principles, novel applications and perspectives of triboelectric nanogenerators as power sources and as self-powered sensors.
Deciphering the binding patterns and conformation changes upon the bovine serum albumin–rosmarinic acid complex
Authors: Peng Xin , Wang Xiangchao , Qi Wei , Huang Renliang , Su Rongxin , He Zhimin
Published: June 2015

Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an importantly and naturally occurring polyphenol. The interaction between bovine serum albumin and rosmarinic acid was studied to investigate the binding patterns and conformation changes.
Fully biobased poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) for packaging applications: excellent barrier properties as a function of crystallinity
Authors: Vannini Micaela , Marchese Paola , Celli Annamaria , Lorenzetti Cesare
Published: June 2015

Excellent performances in barrier properties against both oxygen and water vapor have been obtained in poly(propylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) by forcing crystallization under appropriate conditions.
Alkaloids from the traditional chinese medicine ChanSu: synthesis-enabled structural reassignment of bufopyramide to bufoserotonin C
Authors: Davison Emma K. , Sperry Jonathan
Published: June 2015

A synthesis of putative bufopyramide has shown the structure assigned to the natural product to be incorrect.
Preparation of a novel red Rb2SiF6:Mn4+phosphor with high thermal stability through a simple one-step approach
Authors: Fang Mu-Huai , Nguyen Hoang-Duy , Lin Chun Che , Liu Ru-Shi
Published: June 2015

A new Rb2SiF6:Mn4+phosphor has been successfully synthesized through a one-step co-precipitation method.
Iliac Crest Bone Graft in Lumbar Fusion: The Effectiveness and Safety Compared with Local Bone Graft, and Graft Site Morbidity Comparing a Single-Incision Midline Approach with a Two-Incision Traditional Approach
Authors: France John C. , Schuster James M. , Moran Katherine , Dettori Joseph R.
Published: June 2015

Study Design

Systematic review.

Clinical Questions

(1) Is autologous local bone (LB) graft as safe and effective as iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) in lumbar spine fusion? (2) In lumbar fusion using ICBG, does a single-incision midline approach reduce postoperative iliac crest pain compared with a two-incision traditional approach?

Methods

Electronic databases and reference lists of key articles were searched up to October 2014 to identify studies reporting the comparative efficacy and safety of ICBG versus LB graft or comparing ICBG harvest site for use in lumbar spine surgery. Studies including allograft, synthetic bone, or growth factors in addition to ICBG and those with less than 80% of patients with degenerative disease in the lumbar spine were excluded. Two independent reviewers assessed the level of the evidence quality using the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria, and disagreements were resolved by consensus.

Results

Seven studies were identified as using ICBG fusion for degenerative disease in the lumbar spine. There were no differences in the fusion, leg pain, low back pain, or functional outcomes between patients receiving LB versus ICBG. There was a higher incidence of donor site pain and sensory loss in patients receiving ICBG, with no donor site complications attributed to LB. Compared with patients with the graft harvested through the two-incision traditional approach, patients with the graft harvested through the single-incision midline approach had lower mean pain scores over the iliac crest, with a higher proportion reporting no iliac crest tenderness. In patients with ICBG harvested through the single-incision midline approach on either the right or the left side of the ilium, only 36% of the patients were able to correctly identify the side when asked whether they knew which iliac crest was harvested. Only 19% of the patients with ICBG harvested through the single-incision midline approach on either the right or the left side of the ilium reported pain that was concordant with the side that was actually harvested.

Conclusions

LB is as safe and efficacious as ICBG for instrumented fusion in the lumbar spine to treat degenerative disease. When ICBG is used, graft harvest through the single-incision midline approach reduces postoperative iliac crest pain compared with a two-incision approach.
Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion as a Salvage Technique for Pseudarthrosis following Posterior Lumbar Fusion Surgery
Authors: Mobbs Ralph J. , Phan Kevin , Thayaparan Ganesha K. , Rao Prashanth J.
Published: June 2015

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected observational data.

Objective

To assess the safety and efficacy of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) as a salvage option for lumbar pseudarthrosis following failed posterior lumbar fusion surgery.

Methods

From 2009 to 2013, patient outcome data was collected prospectively over 5 years from 327 patients undergoing ALIF performed by a single surgeon (R.J.M.) with 478 levels performed. Among these, there were 20 cases of failed prior posterior fusion that subsequently underwent ALIF. Visual analog score (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Short Form 12-item health survey (SF-12) were measured pre- and postoperatively. The verification of fusion was determined by utilizing a fine-cut computed tomography scan at 12-month follow-up.

Results

There was a significant difference between the preoperative (7.25 ± 0.8) and postoperative (3.1 ± 2.1) VAS scores ( p < 0.0001). The ODI scale also demonstrated a statistically significant reduction from preoperative (56.3 ± 16.5) and postoperative (30.4 ± 19.3) scores ( p < 0.0001). The SF-12 scores were significantly improved after ALIF salvage surgery: Physical Health Composite Score (32.18 ± 5.5 versus 41.07 ± 9.67, p = 0.0003) and Mental Health Composite Score (36.62 ± 12.25 versus 50.89 ± 10.86, p = 0.0001). Overall, 19 patients (95%) achieved successful fusion.

Conclusions

Overall, our results suggest that the ALIF procedure results not only in radiographic improvements in bony fusion but in significant improvements in the patient's physical and mental experience of pain secondary to lumbar pseudarthrosis. Future multicenter registry studies and randomized controlled trials should be conducted to confirm the long-term benefit of ALIF as a salvage option for failed posterior lumbar fusion.
Use of triple correlations for the sign determinations of expansion coefficients of symmetric approximations to the diffraction volumes of regular viruses
Authors: Poon H. C. , Saldin D. K.
Published: June 2015

An X-ray free electron laser is a new source of x-rays some 10 × 109 times brighter than any previous X-ray source, giving rise to the possibility of structure determination of individual biological particles without crystallization. Some of the earliest samples used in the X-ray free electron laser are viruses because they are about the largest of reproducible bioparticles. We show how common virus near-symmetries can be exploited to find a first approximation to their structures to give a starting point for a perturbation approach to determine their structures.
Local perturbations perturb—exponentially–locally
Authors: De Roeck W. , Schütz M.
Published: June 2015

We elaborate on the principle that for gapped quantum spin systems with local interaction, “local perturbations [in the Hamiltonian] perturb locally [the groundstate].” This principle was established by Bachmann et al. [Commun. Math. Phys. 309, 835–871 (2012)], relying on the “spectral flow technique” or “quasi-adiabatic continuation” [M. B. Hastings, Phys. Rev. B 69, 104431 (2004)] to obtain locality estimates with sub-exponential decay in the distance to the spatial support of the perturbation. We use ideas of Hamza et al. [J. Math. Phys. 50, 095213 (2009)] to obtain similarly a transformation between gapped eigenvectors and their perturbations that is local with exponential decay. This allows to improve locality bounds on the effect of perturbations on the low lying states in certain gapped models with a unique “bulk ground state” or “topological quantum order.” We also give some estimate on the exponential decay of correlations in models with impurities where some relevant correlations decay faster than one would naively infer from the global gap of the system, as one also expects in disordered systems with a localized groundstate.
Unstable spiral waves and local Euclidean symmetry in a model of cardiac tissue
Authors: Marcotte Christopher D. , Grigoriev Roman O.
Published: June 2015

This paper investigates the properties of unstable single-spiral wave solutions arising in the Karma model of two-dimensional cardiac tissue. In particular, we discuss how such solutions can be computed numerically on domains of arbitrary shape and study how their stability, rotational frequency, and spatial drift depend on the size of the domain as well as the position of the spiral core with respect to the boundaries. We also discuss how the breaking of local Euclidean symmetry due to finite size effects as well as the spatial discretization of the model is reflected in the structure and dynamics of spiral waves. This analysis allows identification of a self-sustaining process responsible for maintaining the state of spiral chaos featuring multiple interacting spirals.