bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovering Complete Quasispecies in Bacterial Genomes
Authors: Bertels Frederic , Gokhale Chaitanya S , Traulsen Arne
Published: June 2017

Mobile genetic elements can be found in almost all genomes. Possibly the most common nonautonomous mobile genetic elements in bacteria are repetitive extragenic palindromic doublets forming hairpins (REPINs) that can occur hundreds of times within a genome. The sum of all REPINs in a genome can be viewed as an evolving population because REPINs replicate and mutate. In contrast to most other biological populations, we know the exact composition of the REPIN population and the sequence of each member of the population. Here, we model the evolution of REPINs as quasispecies. We fit our quasispecies model to 10 different REPIN populations from 10 different bacterial strains and estimate effective duplication rates. Our estimated duplication rates range from ∼5 × 10−9 to 15 × 10−9 duplications per bacterial generation per REPIN. The small range and the low level of the REPIN duplication rates suggest a universal trade-off between the survival of the REPIN population and the reduction of the mutational load for the host genome. The REPIN populations we investigated also possess features typical of other natural populations. One population shows hallmarks of a population that is going extinct, another population seems to be growing in size, and we also see an example of competition between two REPIN populations.
Toward Universal Forward Genetics: Using a Draft Genome Sequence of the NematodeOscheius tipulaeTo Identify Mutations Affecting Vulva Development
Authors: Besnard Fabrice , Koutsovoulos Georgios , Dieudonné Sana , Blaxter Mark , Félix Marie-Anne
Published: June 2017

Understanding evolution requires the comparison of more than a few model species, and exploration of the genotype/phenotype relationship is limited...

Mapping-by-sequencing has become a standard method to map and identify phenotype-causing mutations in model species. Here, we show that a fragmented draft assembly is sufficient to perform mapping-by-sequencing in nonmodel species. We generated a draft assembly and annotation of the genome of the free-living nematode Oscheius tipulae, a distant relative of the model Caenorhabditis elegans. We used this draft to identify the likely causative mutations at the O. tipulae cov-3 locus, which affect vulval development. The cov-3 locus encodes the O. tipulae ortholog of C. elegans mig-13, and we further show that Cel-mig-13 mutants also have an unsuspected vulval-development phenotype. In a virtuous circle, we were able to use the linkage information collected during mutant mapping to improve the genome assembly. These results showcase the promise of genome-enabled forward genetics in nonmodel species.
DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATERWORKS IN FINLAND
Authors: Ikonena Jenni Meirami , Hokajärvi Anna-Maria , Heikkinen Jatta , Pitkänen Tarja , Ciszek Robert , Kolehmainen Mikko , Pursiainen Anna , Kauppinen Ari , Kusnetsov Jaana , Torvinen Eila , Miettinen Ilkka T.
Published: June 2017

Physico-chemical and microbiological water quality in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) of five waterworks in Finland with different raw water sources and treatment processes was explored. Water quality was monitored during four seasons with on-line equipment and bulk water samples were analysed in laboratory. Seasonal changes in the water quality were more evident in DWDSs of surface waterworks compared to the ground waterworks and artificially recharging ground waterworks (AGR). Between seasons, temperature changed significantly in every sys-tem but pH and EC changed only in one AGR system. Seasonal change was seen also in the absorbance values of all sys-tems. The concentration of microbially available phosphorus (MAP, μg PO₄-P/l) was the highest in drinking water origi-nating from the waterworks supplying groundwater. Total assimilable organic carbon (AOC, μg AOC-C/l) concentrations were significantly different between the DWDSs other than between the two AGR systems. This study reports differences in the water quality between surface and ground waterworks using a wide set of parameters commonly used for monitor-ing. The results confirm that every distribution system is unique, and the water quality is affected by environmental fac-tors, raw water source, treatment methods and disinfection.
Eső hatása a Csorsza-patak vízgyűjtőjének téli hidrológiai folyamataira
Authors: Horel A. , Bakacsi Zs. , Dencső M. , Farkas Cs. , Gelybó Gy. , Kása I. , Tóth E. , Molnár S. , Koós S.
Published: June 2017

A vizsgálat 42 órája alatt (2016. február 3–4.) és az előtte lévő öt hónapban összesen négy nagyobb mennyiségű csapadékesemény történt a Csorsza-patak vízgyűjtő területén. A vizsgált esőzés időszakában 21,6 mm csapadékmennyiség hullott összesen a vízgyűjtő területére 5 órás intervallumban. A csapadékesemény első órájában a patak zavarosság értéke majdnem megduplázódott, viszont így is viszonylag alacsony szinten maradt a későbbiekben mért értékekhez viszonyítva. Az esőzés kezdetét követő 7. órában emelkedett meg jelentősen a zavarosság mértéke, több mint 14-szeresére, a 13–14. órában pedig 34-szeresére nőtt a vizsgálat előtti naphoz viszonyítva. A Csorsza-patak zavarosságának nagysága nem sokkal a tetőzést követően nagy mértékben lecsökkent, 13 órával később pedig hasonló értékeket mutatott, mint a vizsgálat előtti esőzés nélküli időszakban.

A nagyobb esőzések alkalmával az alacsonyabb területeken fekvő, minimális lejtésű szántó esetében telítettséghez közeli talajnedvesség-tartalom volt megfigyelhető, míg a legkisebb talajnedvesség-tartalom ingadozás az esőzést követően a gyepes és az erdős területekre volt jellemző.

A jelen vizsgálatban összegyűjtött adatok alapján a Csorsza-patakból a Balatonba bekerülő talajhordalék mennyisége a téli időszakban, az erozív esőzések gyakoriságának ismeretében könnyebben és pontosabban becsülhető. Annak érdekében, hogy az éves átlag lebegtetett hordalék mennyiségének a becslését pontosabban el tudjuk végezni, több időszakos mérésre volna szükség.

Munkánkat az OTKA K—101065 projekt, az OTKA PD—116157 és OTKA PD—116084 kutatási projekt, valamint a Bolyai János Kutatási Ösztöndíj támogatta. Külön köszönet Mózes Mariann és Bányász Ágnes részére a laboratóriumi vizsgálatokban nyújtott segítségükért, valamint Szegvári Győző és kollégáinak a zánkai vízminták gyűjtésében való hatalmas segítségükért.
Komposisi Kimia, Kadar Albumin Dan Bioaktivitas Ekstrak Protein Ikan Gabus (Channa Striata) Alam Dan Hasil Budidaya
Authors: Chasanah Ekowati , Nurilmala Mala , Purnamasari Ayu Ratih , Fithriani Diini
Published: June 2017

Khasiat kesehatan ikan gabus (C. striata) telah dikenal secara luas dan saat ini C. striata telah digunakan sebagai bahan baku industri produk suplemen. Tingginya permintaan akan produk suplemen tersebut menimbulkan masalah pada ketersediaan C. striata yang sebagian besar ditangkap dari sungai dan danau sebagai tempat hidupnya. Ikan gabus budidaya dipercaya memiliki kualitas tidak sebaik ikan gabus alam.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai komposisi kimia, termasuk albumin dan potensi ekstrak protein kasar ikan gabus alam dan hasil budidaya sebagai antioksidan dan anti hipertensi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ikan gabus alam dan hasil budidaya memiliki kadar protein yang tidak berbeda secara nyata, tetapi berbeda pada kadar air, abu, dan lemak. Ikan gabus alam memiliki kadar lemak dan abu lebih rendah tetapi kadar air lebih tinggi dibanding ikan gabus budidaya. Ikan dari kedua sumber memiliki bagian yang dapat dimakan atau edible portion (EP) sebesar 36%,dengan kadar mineral makro (Na, K, Ca) dan mikro (Zn, Fe) pada ikan hasil budidaya lebih tinggi dibanding kedua kelompok mineral pada ikan gabus alam. Kadar albumin ikan gabus alam lebih tinggi daripada kadar albumin ikan gabus budidaya. Namun demikian, hasil analisis asam amino menunjukkan bahwa ikan gabus hasil budidaya memiliki kuantitas asam amino yang lebih tinggi daripada ikan gabus alam. Asam amino non essensial dominan adalah alanin, asam aspartat, glisin, alloisoleusin, prolin, dan glutamin, sedangkan asam amino esensial didominasi oleh leusin, lisin, dan fenilalanin. Kedua ikan gabus yang diperoleh dari tempat yang berbeda tersebut memiliki bioaktivitas sebagai antioksidan yang lemah, namun berpotensi sebagai antihipertensi (penghambat Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)) dengan kekuatan 1/10 kekuatan kontrol obat hipertensi captopril.
STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF FOUR STEROIDS FROM THE SOFT CORAL SINULARIA NANOLOBATA
Authors: Ngoc Ninh Thi , Thanh Nguyen Van , Cuong Nguyen Xuan , Nam Nguyen Hoai , Thung Do Cong , Minh Chau Van
Published: June 2017

Four steroids namely 3β-hydroxyergosta-5,24(28)-diene-7-one (1), dissesterol (2), 16α-hydroxysarcosterol (3), and sarcophytosterol (4) were isolated form the soft coral Sinularia nanolobata using various chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR data and comparison with the reported values.
FLAVONOL AND LIGNAN GLYCOSIDES FROM Datura metel L.
Authors: Mai Nguyen Thi , Cuc Nguyen Thi , Quang Tran Hong , Kiem Phan Van
Published: June 2017

Chemical investigation of an acidic methanol extract of the whole plants of D. metel resulted in the isolation of five compounds, including kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucosyl(1->2)-beta-D-galactoside 7-O-beta-D-glucoside (1), kaempferol 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl(1->2)-beta-glucopyranoside-7-O-alpha-rhamnopyranoside (2), pinoresinol O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), (7R,8S,7'S,8'R)-4,9,4',7'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7,9'-epoxylignan-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), and (7S,8R,7'S,8'S)-4,9,4',7'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7,9'-epoxylignan-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5). Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and MS spectroscopic analyses as well as comparing with the data reported in the literature. The absolute configurations of compounds 4 and 5 were determined by CD spectra. It is noted that (7R,8S,7'S,8'R)-4,9,4',7'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7,9'-epoxylignan-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and (7S,8R,7'S,8'S)-4,9,4',7'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7,9'-epoxylignan-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were isolated for the first time from the Datura genus.
Adapting to survive: addressing the global problem of Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Pyatt Jonathan , Bowater Laura
Published: June 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant, emerging threat to global public health. In this article, we describe the scale of the threat and why it is such a global concern. We also outline actions that have been identified to address this threat, which includes focusing on the education of healthcare workers and clinicians, as well as members of the public. We describe how medical curricula currently offer opportunities for improving educational interventions that are focused on better prescribing and antimicrobial stewardship. Finally, we argue that by itself, this is not sufficient. Medical students also require a robust understanding of key microbiological principles to underpin and consolidate their prescribing skills when it comes to antibiotics and this need to be consolidated throughout the duration of all medical curricula and beyond. Integrating the medical sciences to create a clinical behaviour change is key to combating (AMR).
Non-linear analysis of concrete structures: a practical design approach to Eurocode
Authors: Walker George , Abhyankar Sonja , Gration David
Published: June 2017

Reinforced concrete is an inherently non-linear material with non-linear compressive behaviour, concrete cracking and reinforcement yielding altering the stiffness and causing redistribution of forces within statically indeterminate structures. A practical design approach is described that has been developed to ensure robust computation of serviceability limit state and ultimate limit state demand in line with Eurocode BS EN 1992, including explicit modelling of material and geometric non-linearities and construction imperfections. The approach uses the MAT_CONCRETE_EC2 material model within the LS-DYNA finite-element analysis package and has been extensively used during the detailed engineering design of the concrete gravity substructure for the White Rose Extension Project off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. The material model and validation of its behaviour in accordance with the Eurocode standard are described, along with other typical engineering applications where the approach may be of benefit. Specific benefits and implementation challenges encountered during the design process are also highlighted with a non-linear buckling assessment case study.
Shear friction strength of smooth construction joints and monolithic interfaces
Authors: Yang Keun-Hyeok , Hwang Yong-Ha , Kwon Seung-Jun
Published: June 2017

This study examined the shear friction behavior of smooth construction joints and monolithic interfaces according to the equivalent compressive stresses generated from clamping forces of the transverse reinforcement crossing the joint and external forces applied normal to the joint. Twenty-one push-off specimens were tested to measure the relationship between direct shear stress and relative slip along the interfacial failure plane. Mechanical models for monolithic joints proposed by Hwang and Yang are extended to estimate the shear friction strength of the construction joints. From the mechanical model and test results, the cohesion and frictional angle of concrete along smooth construction joints are determined to be 0·11(f′c)0·65 and 32·8°, respectively, where f′c is the concrete compressive strength. The construction joints have considerably lower shear capacities than the companion monolithic joints, by approximately 70% for shear cracking strength and 55–70% for shear friction strength, indicating that the reduction ratios decrease with the increase of the equivalent compressive stress. The reliability of the previous empirical equations for the shear friction strength is highly sensitive to the roughness of the interfacial failure plane, whereas the proposed model provides improved accuracy in predicting the shear friction strength of the monolithic and smooth construction joints.
Understanding Medication Nonadherence after Kidney Transplant
Authors: Nevins Thomas E. , Nickerson Peter W. , Dew Mary Amanda
Published: June 2017

Alloimmunity remains a barrier to long-term graft survival that necessitates lifelong immunosuppressive therapy after renal transplant. Medication nonadherence has been increasingly recognized as a major impediment to achieving effective immunosuppression. Electronic medication monitoring further reveals that nonadherence manifests early after transplant, although the effect is delayed. The etiology of nonadherence is multifactorial, with the strongest risk factors including past nonadherence and being an adolescent or young adult. Other risk factors with smaller but consistently important effects include minority race/ethnicity, poor social supports, and poor perceived health. In children, risk factors related to parental and child psychologic and behavioral functioning and parental distress and burden are also important. Qualitative systematic reviews highlight the need to tailor interventions to each transplant recipient’s unique needs, motivations, and barriers rather than offer a one size fits all approach. To date, relatively few interventions have been studied, and most studies conducted were underpowered to allow definitive conclusions. If the kidney transplant community’s goal of “one transplant for life” is to become a reality, then solutions for medication nonadherence must be found and implemented.
The effects of platelet gel on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells
Authors: Balagholi Sahar , Alizadeh Shaban , Bagheri Abouzar , Amizadeh Yashar , Rezaei Kanavi Mozhgan
Published: June 2017

The positive role of platelet gel (PG) in tissue regeneration is well known, however, other characteristics of PG still remain to be determined. We investigated cellular and molecular changes in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells when treated with different concentrations of PG named PG1, PG2, and PG3. hRPE cells were isolated from donor eyes of two newborn children, within 24 hours after their death. The cells were treated with three concentrations of PG for 7 days: 3 × 104/ml (PG1), 6 × 104/ml (PG2), and 9 × 104/ml (PG3). Fetal bovine serum was used as a control. Immunocytochemistry was performed with anti-RPE65 (H-85), anti-Cytokeratin 8/18 (NCL-5D3), and anti-PAX6 antibody. We used MTT assay to determine cell viability. Gene expressions of PAX6, MMP2, RPE65, ACTA2, MKI67, MMP9, and KDR were analyzed using real-time PCR. A significant increase in viability was observed for PG3-treated cells compared to control (p = 0.044) and compared to PG1 group (p = 0.027), on day 7. Cellular elongation together with dendritiform extensions were observed in PG-treated cells on days 1 and 3, while epithelioid morphology was observed on day 7. All cells were immunoreactive for RPE65, cytokeratin 8/18, and PAX6. No significant change was observed in the expression of MKI67 and PAX6, but the expressions of MMP2, MMP9, ACTA2, and KDR were significantly higher in PG2-treated cells compared to controls (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that increased concentration of PG and extended exposure time have positive effects on viability of hRPE cells. PG may be useful for hRPE cell encapsulation in retinal cell replacement therapy.
Hysteresis Effects During the Phase Transition in Solutions of Temperature Sensitive Polymers
Authors: Suleimenov I.E. , Guven O. , Mun G.A. , Uzun Ch. , Gabrielyan O.A. , Kabdushev Sh.B. , Agibaeva L. , Nurtazin A.
Published: June 2017

It is demonstrated, for the first time,that well-known phase transitions induced by changes in temperature in solutions of polymers containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups could be followed by noticeable hysteresis effects. A
well-known phase transitions accompanied by a sharp change in fluid properties, in particular its optical density can be induced by many external influences, including temperature changes occurring in the solutions of polymers containing both
hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional groups. Since intensification subsequent hydrophobic interactions, leading to loss of solubility of the polymer molecules, resulting, in particular, a significant increase in the turbidity of the medium and are accompanied by a pronounced hysteresis phenomena. Hysteresis phenomena in the processes of molecular-scale play an important theoretical and practical interest in linkage with the development of advanced nano-level technology. In particular, the issue of the development of molecular "trigger" switches, and other analog electronic systems, implemented on submolecular level was actively discussed. In fact, under the same physical conditions of the environment of macromolecules system can be in two different states, which resolves the issue of programming such molecules. State of these polymers depends on their way of formation and thermodynamic variables. Observed effect could be utilized directly for information recording into the structure on the basis of stimulus-sensitive macromolecular chains. In fact, it is a first step towards creating memory of quasi-biological elements.
Creation of Polymer Hydrogel Dressings with Herbal Medicinal Substance "Alkhydin" and their Properties
Authors: Temirkhanova G. , Burasheva G. , Abilov Zh. , Irmukhametova G. , Mun A. , Beksultanov Zh. , Myktybayeva Zh. , Shnaukshta V.
Published: June 2017

New hydrogel dressings containing the herbal medicinal substance "Alkhydin", obtained from the Kirghiz (Alhagi kirghisorum Schrenk), grown in Kazakhstan, were obtained by radiation irradiation of the initial reaction mixture (IRM). Poly-
N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with a molecular weight (MM) of 1 ppm was used to prepare hydrogel dressings as the main gelling polymer for IRM, agar-agar and lowmolecular polyethylene glycol MM = 600 were used as auxiliary substances. The main regularities of the formation of the three-dimensional structure of PVP under conditions of irradiation of IRM are investigated. It is shown that with increasing PVP in IRM, as well as irradiation dose, the yield of gel fraction increases and the degree of swelling decreases. Obviously, these effects are due to an increase in the degree of cross-linking of the polymer network formed. For the obtained hydrogel dressings containing the herbal medicinal substance Alkhydin, cytotoxic effects on the culture of mouse embryonic fibroblasts obtained by primary trypsinization were studied. The results obtained in this case testify to the absence of a cytotoxic effect on the cell culture. In conditions "in vivo" in rats using the model of thermal skin burn, the wound healing effect of hydrogel dressings with "Alkhydin" was studied. It is shown that such bandages show a pronounced wound-healing effect. This is evidenced by a higher rate of reduction in the area of the burn wound treated with a hydrogel dressing compared to the control.
Pressure-Temperature-Induced Transformations of Hydrocarbon- Fluorocarbon Mixtures into Nano- and Micron-Size Diamonds
Authors: Davydov Valery , Agafonov Viatcheslav , Khabashesku Valery
Published: June 2017

Studies of thermal transformations of naphthalene (С10Н8), fluorographite (CF1.1) and octafluoronaphthalene (С10F8) and their binary mixtures (С10Н8 – CF1.1, С10Н8 – C10F8) under pressure of 8 GPa have been undertaken as models for gaining understanding of processes of carbonization, graphitization and diamond formation in pure hydrocarbon, fluorocarbon and carbon-hydrogen-fluorine-containing systems under high pressures. The studies found a significant reduction in the initiation temperature thresholds for all major thermal transformation processes in case of binary mixtures with respect to thresholds for pure hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon compounds. Another distinctive feature of the transformations of binary mixtures with respect to diamond formation stage of the transformations of pure hydrocarbons, has been the presence of massive quantity of nanosize (10–60 nm) diamond fraction in the products from binary mixtures along with the micron-size (5–20 μm) diamond fraction, typically observed in the transformations of pure hydrocarbons. The origin of nanodiamond was related to the specifics of carbonization of fluorocarbon compounds under pressure, which at 800–1000 °С produces, along with submicron particles of graphite-like material, a significant amount of closed shell 2–5 layer carbon nanoparticles of 5–15 nm size. These onion-like carbon nanoparticles act as precursors for formation of nano size diamond fractions in the transformations of binary mixtures of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon compounds. These results potentially open a new direction for metal catalyst-free synthesis of pure and doped diamonds for broad applications. The present article gives an overview of this emerging area of rese arch.
Investigation of Nanohydrophobic Sand as an Insulating Layer for Cultivation of Plants in Soils Contaminated with Heavy Metals
Authors: Myrzabaeva M. , Insepov Z. , Boguspaev K. , Faleev D. , Nazhipkyzy M. , Lesbayev B. , Mansurov Z.
Published: June 2017

The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments to test hydrophobic sand, on the basis of soot as an insulating for growing plants-hyperaccumulators heavy metals ? amaranth (Amaranthus paniculatus) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) plants. For the first time in agriculture hydrophobic sand was used for the irrigation of water-saving experiments for growing palms in arid areas of the UAE. The hydrophobic sand was obtained from normal beach sand, which is covered by small particles of pure silica, pretreated pairs trimethylhydroxysilane, (CH3)3SiOH. After this treatment, the outer shell grains saturated groups of compounds insoluble in water, sand and exposes hydrophobic properties. Thus obtained nanohydrophobic sand is considered to be physiologically safe for plants and supplied by the manufacturer with 30-year warranty of the hydrophobic effect. In our experiments we used the conventional washed river sand, as adhesive bases used polyurethane glue SD-600 is dissolved in ethyl acetate. The sand thus obtained is added 1% superhydrophobic soot. The sand is obtained by using carbon black becomes hydrophobic properties, does not transmit moisture, it has virtually no adverse effect on plant growth. To test hydrophobic sand used plastic pots (volume 1 l). The lower layer of the moistened soil-ground containing various concentrations of heavy metals (TM), the next separation layer ? nanohydrophobic sand, and the top layer ? a layer of fertile soil enriched vermicompost for growing plants. When watering plants nanohydrophobic sand layer retains water and prevents migration of TM (Zn, Cd, Cu) of the lower contaminated layer to the upper, the mold.
Управление производственной мощностью для достижения стратегических целей промышленного предприятия
Authors: Кислицына Ольга Анатольевна , Шерман Михаил Семенович , Ямолеев Рафик Гизатдинович
Published: June 2017

Современные условия функционирования промышленных предприятий требуют решения большого круга вопросов, определяющих конкурентное положение бизнеса и его стратегию развития. Трансформация стратегических целей промышленного предприятия на оперативный уровень управления включает решение вопросов оптимального использования производственной мощности. В статье предлагается модель управления производственной мощностью промышленного предприятия, основанная на расчете среднего производственного заказа, позволяющая оптимизировать загрузку производственных фондов предприятия и выявить резервы повышения эффективности их использования.
Драйверы успеха в бизнесе
Authors: Милёхина Ольга Викторовна , Адова Ирина Борисовна
Published: June 2017

Отталкиваясь от необходимости введения в деловой оборот понятия «успех» не только как лингвистической переменной, но и параметра управления, авторы утверждают, что успешность в современных условиях обеспечивается применением технологий серийного технологического предпринимательства с опорой на видение, вертикальное разделение труда, сетевое взаимодействие и деятельностный подход.
Проблемы применения детерминированных моделей управления запасами
Authors: Мамонов Валерий Иванович , Полуэктов Владимир Александрович , Якутин Евгений Михайлович Евгений Михайлович
Published: June 2017

Представленная статья посвящена сравнительному анализу некоторых детерминированных моделей управления запасами. Приведены результаты расчетов величин оптимальных партий поставок материальных запасов, сопутствующих им затрат на хранение, пополнение и общих затрат по поддержанию запасов. Дана интерпретация полученных результатов, определены направления дальнейших исследований в данной области.
Hemostatic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Piper betle, Linn Leaves to Male Mice
Authors: Sinulingga Sadakata , Subandrate Subandrate , Kesumaputri Bebbi Arisya , Anggraini Galuh
Published: June 2017

Hemorrhage occurs in most of the dental care. Untreated hemorrhage could cause excessive blood loss, hypotension, and cyanosis. A Natural resource that reported has an hemostatic effect is ethanol extract of betel leaves (Piper betel, Linn).The aim of this study is to find the minimum concentration of ethanol extract of betel leaves which capable of shortening the bleeding time in mice. The experimental study used pretest-posttest with control group design was conducted on 35 mice that divided into 7 group which are negative control, positive control (feracrylum 1%), the ethanol extract of betel leaves 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. All mice were injected heparin intravenously. Miceâs tail was cut at diameter 3 mm and pretest bleeding time was counted. Miceâs tail was recut at diameter 4 mm, given treatment for 5 seconds and posttest bleeding time was counted. Results of paired t-test showed that reduction of bleeding time between pretest and posttest was significant (p<0,050). The enhancement of ethanol extract of betel leaves concentration leads to better hemostatic effect. Results of ANOVA test showed that comparison of posttest bleeding time among groups was significant (p<0,050). The minimum concentration of ethanol extract of betel leaves which capable of shortening the bleeding time in mice is 5%.
Swarm Robotic Systems Based on Collective Behavior of Chloroplasts
Authors: Hoshino Satoshi ,   Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Takisawa Ryo , Kodama Yutaka ,   Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University
Published: June 2017

[abstFig src='/00290003/15.jpg' width='300' text='Swarming chloroplastic robots around light source' ] In this paper, distributed autonomous robots are used to perform area coverage tasks. In order for robots to cover the ground surface of environments, the coordination of a team of robots is a challenge. For this challenge, we present bio-inspired swarm robotic systems. We focus on the collective behavior of chloroplasts toward a light source. On the basis of the mechanism of the chloroplast, we propose robot behavior models that do not use local communication. The emergence of cooperative behavior through the interaction among the swarming robots is a main contribution of this paper. Based on simulation results, the effectiveness of the chloroplastic robots for the coverage task is discussed in terms of flexibility and scalability. Furthermore, the behavioral models are applied to actual mobile robots. Based on the results of experiments, the applicability of the chloroplastic robots to real environments is discussed. As an application of the swarm robotic system, a specific task, sweeping, is given to actual chloroplastic robots.
Fault diagnosis of compressor based on decision tree and fuzzy inference system
Authors: Golmoradi Milad , Ebrahimi Ebrahim , Javidan Mohamad
Published: June 2017

There is a strong need to use different methods for maintaining high product quality and safety production line, given the rapid technological progress. Thus, the condition monitoring is widely used as an efficient method in various industries. A variety of methods have been used so far in order to implement condition monitoring system, the most common one has been seismic waves analysis in the time-frequency domain. The current paper proposes a Fuzzy Inference System for monitoring the status of the compressor based on Daubechies wavelet transform and decision trees. The J48 algorithm was used as a tool for classification design and selection of effective features on troubleshooting. The J48 algorithm output results showed that signal processing technique by Daubechies wavelet mother has the highest accuracy for the implementation of the FIS system. The J48 algorithm output is a decision tree used on production of if-then rules and fuzzy set membership functions of the system. Finally, the combination of WT-J48-FIS overall accuracy for classifying compressor defects of 93.33 % was obtained.
Impact of dimensions of the compensating mass of the automatic balancer on its acceleration
Authors: Strautmanis Guntis , Mezitis Mareks , Strautmane Valentina , Gorbenko Alexander
Published: June 2017

The constructions of ball-type automatic balancing devices with a ball-shaped cross-section in the body are widely known. The specificity of such automatic balancers is the presence of several stable regimes of movement of compensating masses, though the choice of the dimensions of compensating masses and how it influences the operation of an automatic balancer have not been completely clarified issues yet. The given article is devoted to the clarification of the influence of dimensions of compensating masses on working conditions of the automatic balancer.
Fiber optic mechanical vibration sensor
Authors: Casas-Ramos Miguel A. , Sandoval-Romero G. E.
Published: June 2017

A novel cantilever-type fiber Bragg grating (FBG) mechanical vibration sensor has been proposed with an excellent sensitivity through the use of the mechanical axial property of a suspended optical fiber with two fixed ends, enhancing the sensitivity and the resonant frequency. The experimental results show a resolution of 0.006g (where g represents the gravitational acceleration of 1g= 9.81 m/s2), a resonant frequency of 227.3 Hz and a working bandwidth range of 10-210 Hz. The linearity and relative sensitivity errors are 1.9 % and ±4.4 %, respectively.
Methods for improving the performance data processing on an example of the task of constructing routes in DTN networks
Authors: Yulia Shichkina , Kupriyanov Mikhail , Koblov Alexander
Published: June 2017

The article considers how to speed up data processing in the construction route in DTN network, in particular by applying multi-thread processing using the PHP library “pthreads”, selecting the noSQL MongoDB database and applying additional mathematical methods (fuzzy logic) to reduce the amount of data. The results of testing the PHP library “pthreads” on the obtained data set are presented. And also, it is shown the results of comparing the execution time of queries in the DBMS MySQL and MongoDB.
Change of temporal and support parameters of elderly gait by achilles tendon vibratory stimulation
Authors: Kwak Kiyoung , Kim Huigyun , Kim Dongwook
Published: June 2017

This study investigated the changes of temporal parameters and the support moments caused when local vibration stimulation was applied to the walking of the elderly. For this, 180 Hz vibration was applied to the Achilles tendon during walking. The intensity of applied vibration is two kinds of intensity of perceptual threshold and perceptual sub threshold. Three dimensional motion analysis was performed to investigate the temporal parameters and the support moments. When a vibration stimulus is applied, stride length, cadence and Gait velocity were decreased, and the support moments were increased from terminal stance. These results imply that local vibratory stimulation can lead to changes in the gait of the elderly.
Entropies in investigation of dynamical systems
Authors: Ampilova Natalia , Soloviev Igor
Published: June 2017

Interrelation of various approaches to the definition of the concept of entropy determines its wide using in applications. We consider entropy characteristics used in various research techniques for investigation of complex dynamical systems (including symbolic ones) behaviour. Methods of analysis of dynamical systems phase portraits, which are based on Rényi entropy, fractal and multifractal characteristics, and results of numerical experiments are given.
Changes in amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials of elderly by mechanical vibratory stimulation applied to tibialis anterior tendon
Authors: Kim Huigyun , Kwak Kiyoung , Kim Dongwook
Published: June 2017

In this study, the researchers examined the changes that took place in the somatosensory cortex area in the brain when subthreshold mechanical vibratory stimulation was applied to the lower limb of the elderly. For this, a subthreshold vibratory stimulation of 190 Hz as applied to the tibialis anterior tendon, and the Electroencephalography was measured. In order to examine the changes in the somatosensory cortex, the amplitude of the Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs) was analyzed. When the subthreshold vibratory stimulation was applied to the tibialis anterior tendon, the SEPs amplitude was increased more than the amplitude under none stimulation setting. This result means that the subthreshold mechanical vibratory stimulation may affect the nervous system of the elderly.
Optimal Latin hypercube sampling-based surrogate model in NAPLs contaminated groundwater remediation optimization process
Authors: Luo Jiannan , Ji Yefei , Lu Wenxi , Wang He
Published: June 2017

A surrogate model based groundwater optimization model was developed to solve the non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) contaminated groundwater remediation optimization problem. To illustrate the impact of sampling method improvement to the surrogate model performance improvement, aiming at a nitrobenzene contaminated groundwater remediation problem, optimal Latin hypercube sampling (OLHS) method was introduced to sample data in the input variables feasible region, and a radial basis function artificial neural network was used to construct a surrogate model. Considering the surrogate model's uncertainty, a chance-constrained programming (CCP) model was constructed, and it was solved by genetic algorithm. The results showed the following, for the problem considered in this study. (1) Compared with the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) method, the OLHS method improves the space-filling degree of sample points considerably. (2) The effects of the two sampling methods on surrogate model performance were analyzed through comparison of goodness of fit, residual and uncertainty. The results indicated that the OLHS-based surrogate model performed better than the LHS-based surrogate model. (3) The optimal remediation strategies at 99%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80% and 50% confidence levels were obtained, which showed that the remediation cost increased with the confidence level. This work would be helpful for increasing surrogate model performance and lowering the risk of a groundwater remediation strategy.
Photocatalytic degradation of Direct yellow 86 diazo dye using sulfanilic acid-modified TiO2 in aqueous suspensions
Authors: Mansouriieh Nafiseh , Reza Sohrabi Mahmoud , Pouramir Vajargah Rogayyeh , Roudbaraki Hasan
Published: June 2017

This study synthesized sulfanilic acid (SA)-modified TiO2 nanocomposites and used them as an effective photocatalyst for Direct yellow 86 diazo dye removal from aqueous solution. This novel nanocomposite (SA/TiO2) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed the formation of SA/TiO2 nanocatalyst. The photocatalytic activity of the modified photocatalyst was examined by degradation of Direct yellow 86 (GE) under UV and visible light. The effects of five parameters, the concentration of GE, dosage of SA/TiO2 nanocomposite, UV light irradiation intensity, pH and visible light illumination, on the removal of GE using SA/TiO2 nanocomposite were studied. The highest GE removal was determined at pH of 9, nanocomposite dosage of 0.15 g/l and initial GE concentration of 50 mg/l at the constant temperature of 25 °C. However, the results showed that the GE removal rate increased as the UV light intensity increased. In addition, an enhancement in the photodegradation rate was observed with visible light illumination. The adsorption trends of GE at various initial concentrations followed the Langmuir isotherm model.
Compressive Strength Study on the Freeze-thaw Resistance of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Members
Authors: Niu Haicheng , Wang Yonggui , Zhang Xianggang , Yin Xiaojing
Published: June 2017

Introduction:

Freeze-thaw resistance of recycled aggregate concrete with partial or total replacement of recycled aggregate compared with that of natural aggregate concrete was investigated in this paper.

Method:

Ninety specimens were fabricated to study the influence of different recycled aggregate replacement ratios on the surface scaling, mass loss, and residual compressive strength after 100 freeze-thaw cycles.

Results:

The experiment results indicate that the type of recycled aggregate and its replacement ratio have significant effects on the freeze-thaw performance. The cubic compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete is overall slightly lower than that of normal concrete. After 100 freeze-thaw cycles, the compressive strength decreases and the reduction extent increases with increasing replacement rate of recycled aggregate. The surface scaling of reinforced recycled concrete prisms tends to be more severe with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles.

Conclusion:

Furthermore, a notable rise in mass loss and the bearing capacity loss is also found as the substitution ratio increases. Under the same replacement rate, recycled fine aggregate causes more negative effects on the freeze-thaw resistance than recycled coarse aggregate.
Many Faces of Renin-angiotensin System - Focus on Eye
Authors: Holappa Mervi , Vapaatalo Heikki , Vaajanen Anu
Published: June 2017

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), that is known for its role in the regulation of blood pressure as well as in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, comprises dozens of angiotensin peptides and peptidases and at least six receptors. Six central components constitute the two main axes of the RAS cascade. Angiotensin (1-7), an angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and Mas receptor axis (ACE2-Ang(1-7)-MasR) counterbalances the harmful effects of the angiotensin II, angiotensin converting enzyme 1 and angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis (ACE1-AngII-AT1R) Whereas systemic RAS is an important factor in blood pressure regulation, tissue-specific regulatory system, responsible for long term regional changes, that has been found in various organs. In other words, RAS is not only endocrine but also complicated autocrine system. The human eye has its own intraocular RAS that is presente.g.in the structures involved in aqueous humor dynamics. Local RAS may thus be a target in the development of new anti-glaucomatous drugs. In this review, we first describe the systemic RAS cascade and then the local ocular RAS especially in the anterior part of the eye.
Predictors of Kidney Damage in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Kutsyk Dara , Sklyarov Eugene
Published: June 2017

Metabolic syndrome is an epidemic of XXI century. Each of the components of metabolic syndrome (arterial hypertension, hyperglycemia or dyslipidemia) can be a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. However, it remains unknown what plays a key role in the progression of the disease.The objective of the research was to identify early detectors of kidney damage in patients with metabolic syndrome.Materials and methods. The study involved 70 patients with metabolic syndrome. In addition to standard examination methods, markers of endothelial disfunction (hydrogen sulfide and nitrogen monooxide) were measured in venous blood samples and the urine was tested for microalbuminuria. All the patients were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of albuminuria: normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria. To compare the indices between the groups, the Student’s t-test was used; to determine the relationship between the individual values, the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was applied.Results. The indicator of systolic blood pressure was higher in patients with microalbuminuria compared to those with normoalbuminuria (163.4±14.4 mmHg, versus 153.0±17.7 mmHg; p<0.01). Hydrogen sulfide level was higher in patients with normoalbuminuria (66.8±7.2 µmol). There was a moderate positive correlation between systolic blood pressure and microalbuminuria (r=0.3804; p<0.01) and a moderate negative correlation between hydrogen sulfide and microalbuminuria (r=0.3404; p<0.01).Conclusions. We revealed a decrease in hydrogen sulfide level to 57.4±7.9 µmol in patients with metabolic syndrome. This may be an early predictor of kidney damage.
Clinical Effectiveness of Using Aesthetic Fixed Prosthetic Appliances with Combined Occlusal Surface
Authors: Biben Andrii , Ozhohan Zinovii
Published: June 2017

The objective of the research was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of using aesthetic fixed prosthetic appliances with combined occlusal surface.Materials and methods. The study included 30 patients who were divided into 2 groups: Group I included 20 patients with combined occlusal surface of the crowns; Group II included 22 patients with ceramic occlusal surface of the crowns. The patients were observed 3, 6 and 12 months after prosthetic repair.Results. 6 months after prosthetic repair, the occlusal contact surface area in Group I increased by 0.79%, while in Group II, it increased by 1.4%.12 months after prosthetic repair, the occlusal contact surface area in Group I and Group II increased by 2.37% and 5%, respectively.The aforementioned data indicated that the occlusal contact surface area increased as the period of ceramic fixed prosthetic appliance wearing increased.When combining the occlusal surface in dental prostheses, the occlusal contact surface area increased approximately 2 times slower. The study demonstrated convincingly that crowns burnt on a zirconium dioxide frame were a better choice as compared to cast framework made of nickel-cobalt-chrome alloy. In case of cast frameworks, the indicators of crown margin discrepancy were worse than in case of milled frameworks - 15% versus 5%, respectively. In addition, one cast framework crown (5%) in Group II was remodeled and one crown (5%) was recemented.Conclusions. Aesthetic fixed prosthetic appliances with combined occlusal surface demonstrated high functional and aesthetic characteristics. The use of the USHPS system showed a decisive advantage of milled frameworks and combined occlusal surface over traditional cast ceramic frameworks.The combination of high mechanical, strength and tribological properties of zirconium dioxide and high biological as well as aesthetic properties of ceramic materials helped reveal high clinical characteristics of aesthetic appliances with combined occlusal surface.
Термоэлектрические материалы для различных температурных уровней
Authors: Иванова Л.Д.
Published: June 2017

На основе анализа современной научно-технической литературы рассмотрены материалы для термоэлектрических устройств, работающих при различных температурах в интервале от 100 до 1300 K. Основное внимание уделено получению наноструктурных термоэлектрических материалов. Установлено, что наиболее перспективными методами получения таких материалов являются методы спиннигования расплава, искрового плазменного спекания и экструзия. DOI: 10.21883/FTP.2017.07.44650.36
Исследование влияния адгезии и ангармонизма колебаний атомов на тепловую проводимость границ "металл- диэлектрик"
Authors: Слепнёв A.Г.
Published: June 2017

Представлен метод расчета тепловой проводимости границ "металл-диэлектрик", учитывающий в рамках модели акустического несоответствия адгезионное взаимодействие и ангармонизм колебаний атомов на границе и позволяющий получить лучшее согласие расчетных данных с экспериментом. DOI: 10.21883/FTT.2017.07.44612.403
Расчет импедансных вибраторных антенн
Authors: Эминов С.И.
Published: June 2017

Метод аналитического обращения гиперсингулярного уравнения применен к уравнению импедансной вибраторной антенны. Разработан численный метод решения уравнения. Продемонстрирована эффективность метода. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.13.44805.16638
Аппаратная реализация нейроподобного генератора с импульсной и пачечной динамикой на основе системы фазовой синхронизации
Authors: Мищенко М.А. , Большаков Д.И. , Матросов В.В.
Published: June 2017

Предложена аппаратная модель нейрона на основе системы фазовой синхронизации с полосовым фильтром в цепи управления. Описаны основные конструктивные элементы системы. Экспериментально продемонстрировано существование различных динамических режимов, качественно похожих на импульсную и пачечную динамику нейронов. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.13.44806.16737
Влияние высокоэнтальпийного потока плазмы аргона на структуру и свойства нанокерамики YBa-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-Cu-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-7-delta-=/SUB=-
Authors: Гаджиев М.Х. , Гаджимагомедов С.Х. , Демиров Н.А. , Рагимханов Г.Б. , Курбанисмаилов В.С. , Палчаев Д.К. , Мурлиева Ж.Х.
Published: June 2017

Приведены результаты исследований структуры и электросопротивления наноструктурированной керамики на основе YBa2Cu3O7-delta до и после воздействия высокоэнтальпийным потоком плазмы аргона. Показана возможность упрочнения межзеренных связей в приповерхностном слое этой керамики и изменения индекса кислородной стехиометрии в результате обработки плазменной струей. DOI: 10.21883/PJTF.2017.13.44808.16719