bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colonialism and Apartheid: Evils that Destroyed the Traditional Leadership Institution in South Africa
Authors: Moila Madidimalo R
Published: January 2025

Many South Africans and global citizens may have read and spoken about colonialism and apartheid; however, few people understand the extent of damage done to the traditional leadership institution. This lack of understanding has led to the perpetuation of false narratives about the traditional leadership institution and its role in South Africa. This article highlights the destruction done by colonialism and apartheid through an analysis of archived historical material and academic books. Using the critical realism paradigm, the article unpacks the available discourse to reveal fundamental suppositions about and opinions of the custodians of colonialism and apartheid. Contexts such as the arrival of colonials in 1652, expropriation of land, the seizure of the Cape Colony by the British, the migration of Voortrekkers, and the imposition of foreign governance structure on indigenous communities must be considered when assessing colonialism and apartheid. By applying political theory and qualitative content analysis, the article explores how colonialism, through its heinous policies, destroyed the traditional leadership institution, as well as the impact it had on the unity and livelihood of indigenous communities. The study found that, through the apartheid doctrine, colonialism was further entrenched, affirmed, validated, reinforced and consolidated after 1948. To a large extent, current polarisation of the South African society is a result of colonialism and apartheid. The study found that damage caused by colonialism and apartheid is still noticeable today. While colonialism exploited traditional leaders, the postcolonial Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996 curtailed their political and judicial powers.
Representation of Culture and Human Rights Violations in Timothy Wangusa’s Upon This Mountain and Austin Bukenya’s The Bride
Authors: Tugume Benon
Published: January 2025

This article examines the portrayal of culture and human rights violations in Timothy Wangusa’s novel, Upon This Mountain and Austin Bukenya’s play, The Bride. It focuses on the Bagisu cultural ritual of circumcision in Upon This Mountain as well as the culture-based traditions of prejudice and discrimination in The Bride that are responsible for the violation of the rights of Kangala, Wabwire, and Mwambu in the former, and Namvua and her entire Merio family in the latter. In this article, I apply qualitative methods of data collection and analysis since it is a case study of Wangusa’s Upon This Mountain and Bukenya’s The Bride as primary texts. Data for analysis is generated by carrying out a close reading of the primary texts as well as secondary texts—critical works, journal articles, and literature on human rights purposely to strengthen the discussion of culture and human rights violations depicted in the primary texts. The reading of primary texts focuses on characters and themes since the objectives are twofold: first, to examine the point of view of individual characters subjected to ritual pain, trauma, and intra-cultural discrimination in Upon This Mountain and second, to analyse the writer’s use of dialogue and action to dramatise resistance to cultural prejudices and discrimination in The Bride. Using principles of human rights, the paper discusses the pain, torture, and degrading treatment Kangala and Wabwire in Upon This Mountain go through as they submit to the ritual of the knife. Similarly, the article explores discrimination against Namvua and her entire Merio family based on age-old cultural prejudices in The Bride. Lekindo, the leader of the young generation is opposed to her discrimination and fights for her rights and acceptance in the plains by smashing the skull, an iconic symbol of cultural beliefs. He marries Namvua to underscore the theme of the inevitability of change because of human rights abuses.
Behind and Beyond the Bench: Challenges and Opportunities for Judicial Protection and the Attainment of Justice in Zimbabwe as Explored in Petina Gappah’s Rotten Row (2016)
Authors: Mandizvidza Sheunesu
Published: January 2025

This article interrogates the role that judicial protection, a critical element in the justice delivery system, plays in the broader quest for justice in Zimbabwe. Within the formal judicial system, justice is realised when officials sworn to serve the system and constitutionally mandated to dispense justice work consistently, fairly, and uniformly to protect the citizens. Whenever there are challenges to judicial protection, both behind and beyond the bench, the very notion of justice is compromised, and this is not uncommon in a fluid system manned by fallible human beings. Using seven purposely selected short stories from Petina Gappah’s short story collection Rotten Row, namely “The White Orphan,” “The Lament of Hester Muponda,” “In Sad Cypress,” “A Kind of Justice,” “The Death of Wonder,” “A Short Story of Zaka the Zulu,” and “The Dropper,” the article capitalises on the burgeoning law and literature interstices to reveal the redacted yet valuable events that occur behind and away from the courts and are symptomatic of the shortcomings and/or weaknesses of judicial protection at both the individual and institutional level. These events have the capacity to enhance or curtail justice. Hopefully, this analysis helps to demystify and de-sacralise the judiciary so that the reflexive spaces afforded by discussing law and justice in literary spaces nurture the occult instability that can deconstruct notions of law and justice to make them both accessible and relevant to societies.
Justice or Injustice: An Analysis of Selected Stories in Petina Gappah’s Rotten Row
Authors: Muganiwa Josephine
Published: January 2025

Taking a purely literary analytic approach, this article explores use of the notion of justice in Petina Gappah’s collection of short stories entitled Rotten Row. Each story begins with a quotation from the Bible and reflects on the abortion of justice in the context of applied system; Roman-Dutch law, mob justice, karma or Ngozi (retributive spirit). The article explores the ironies represented in the stories with regard to the expectations of the execution of justice and what actually happens. Gappah seems to be calling on humanity to reflect on their actions in as much as they impact on other people no matter how insignificant they may seem. This serves to redefine the causes and effects of crime which in turn redefines victims, perpetrators  and victors in various crime contexts.
Awareness and Usage of Educational Video Streaming Databases by Lecturers at the University of the Free State, South Africa
Authors: Shokane Mashia , Molepo Mahlaga
Published: January 2025

Educational video streaming is a new technology in today’s teaching and learning environment. However, few scholarly publications exist on the awareness and use of educational streaming video databases in South African universities. The aim of the article was to investigate the awareness and usage of educational streaming video databases by lecturers at the University of the Free State. The article adopted a positivist paradigm, a quantitative approach, and a descriptive survey design using the technology acceptance model as a theoretical framework. Data were collected from a probability sample of 80 participants, with 49 responses and a response rate of 61.25%. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect data using closed-ended questions. The findings revealed a general lack of awareness and usage of educational video streaming databases. The article assists management, lecturers, acquisition librarians, and students to explore new ways of using educational streaming video databases.
An Informetric Perspective of Intellectual Property Research in Africa using the SCOPUS Database
Authors: Ngwenya Sibongile , Onyancha Omwoyo Bosire
Published: January 2025

Intellectual property (IP) issues are addressed globally through multilateral instruments, such as the trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPs). Such global settings may be inadequate to consider African regional issues. However, the discourse regarding IP in the African region seems to be limited. This study was conducted to examine documents on IP in Africa with the aim of determining the availability of publications and establishing the obstacles that hinder scholarly publishing on IP in Africa. This was a quantitative study conducted on SCOPUS on 14 August 2023, using the search term “intellectual property in Africa,” which retrieved a total of 2 316 documents (2000–2022). The results showed that, out of the 50 countries with documents on IP in Africa, only 11 were African countries, while six of the 10 institutes were universities in Africa. The publications were in 12 document types, and there were five dominant subject areas. Only three out of the 10 prominent authors were affiliated with institutions in Africa, and none of the top five journals belonged to an African country. Only one funding sponsor and one language were African. The researchers concluded that publications on IP in Africa were available in a variety of types, cutting across disciplines. However, they were very few and limited to certain years, countries and institutions due to issues of authorship, source, funding sponsor, and language of publication. There is a need to raise awareness of the need for scholarly discourse regarding IP in the African context.
Migration of Applications and Information Systems to Cloud Computing Infrastructure: Lessons from a South African Retail Bank
Authors: Dagada Rabelani
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate the benefits and challenges of moving information systems to the cloud infrastructure as part of phasing out legacy systems and preventing digital fraud. This study employed a qualitative research methodology and used interviews, observations and document analysis as data collection methods. It was confined to one bank and is therefore classified as a case study. To protect the identity of this organisation, the researcher gave it a pseudonym called SA Retail Bank. The study yielded three major findings. Migration of applications to a cloud environment is characterised by several unexpected technical, regulatory and people challenges. However, the migration yields operational benefits such as reducing fraud, quick recovering of stolen moneys, and advancing Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies. Technology acceptance theories should also be prioritised to get the support of both internal users and customers. The findings of this study present important lessons for digital businesses in South Africa and abroad. The research yielded theoretical and practical contributions. Recommendations were also made for future research.
Battle for the Bay Revisited: The 2021 South African Local Elections in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality
Authors: Prevost Gary , Cherry Janet , Brennan Patrick
Published: January 2025

In a 2014 article in Politikon, entitled “Battle for the Bay,” Steyn Kotze, Prevost, and Wright analysed the 2011 local government elections in the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) that saw the beginning of the decline of the electoral fortunes of the African National Congress (ANC). The article detailed how the Democratic Alliance (DA) crafted a strategy of turning out White voters in high numbers, winning the support of Coloured voters in the Northern Areas, and challenging the ANC in the Black wards of the municipality. The strategy was successful in the White and Coloured areas in the elections in both 2011 and 2016, allowing the DA to achieve a plurality of total votes and control of the mayor’s office in 2016. The 2021 local elections, with a sharply reduced turnout across the NMBM, saw the downfall of the previously successful DA strategy and the recovery of the mayor’s office by the ANC. The authors, using interviews and survey data from the Black wards of Kwazakhele, analyse how the ANC, in the context of continuing divisions and violence, was able to stabilise its vote in the face of a challenge from the resurgent Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF).
Ethnocultural Foods and Contextual Embeddedness: An Appraisal of an Indigenous Optimal Diet for Pregnant and Lactating Ndau Women in Zimbabwe
Authors: Hlatywayo Anniegrace Mapangisana
Published: January 2025

Dietary intake plays a quintessential role in the health and well-being of pregnant and lactating women. Commonly, maternal dietary deficiencies result in negative health outcomes for the mother, the foetus, and the infant. Within indigenous communities, socio-cultural beliefs and practices have a direct influence on the dietary intake of pregnant and lactating women. These dictate the dietary uptake as well as behaviours and taboos associated with pregnancy and lactation. Through the adoption of a qualitative digitally mediated research method, the study sought to explore Ndau ethnocultural food practices recommended for pregnant and lactating women. The research sample comprised 39 Ndau women between the ages of 24 and 77. The study’s findings revealed the importance of the adoption and observance of a recommended ethnocultural diet for pregnant and lactating women. Such a diet is inclusive of indigenous leafy vegetables and cereals, which command a high level of micronutrients required for the health and well-being of pregnant and lactating women. Additionally, within Ndau culture, elderly women within the family are tasked with being family dieticians whose duty is to ensure adherence to an optimal indigenous diet as well as observance of beliefs and practices associated with pregnancy and lactation.
Using the Mask R-CNN model for segmentation of real estate objects in aerial photographs
Authors: Vinokurov Igor Victorovich
Published: January 2025

Массовое появление незаконных и незарегистрированных в Едином
Государственном Реестре Недвижимости (ЕГРН) объектов недвижимости
осложняет кадастровый учёт для многих субъектов территориального и
административного уровня. Традиционные методы выявления объектов
подобных типов, основанные на ручном анализе геопространственных данных,
трудоёмки и требуют значительного времени.

Для повышения эффективности этого процесса предлагается
автоматизировать обнаружение объектов на аэрофотоснимках путём решения
задачи инстанс-сегментации с использованием модели глубокого обучения
Mask R-CNN. В статье описана подготовка набора данных для этой модели,
исследованы основные метрики качества и проанализированы полученные
результаты. Показана эффективность модели Mask R-CNN при обнаружении
объектов недвижимости, не имеющих регистрации в ЕГРН.
Nephrology in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Modi Gopesh K , Sharma Himanshu
Published: January 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. The last two decades have seen significant changes in provisions and access to CKD care in all low- and middle-income countries. India is the most populous country in the world and each state has its unique combination of policies, infrastructure, financials, and human resources. This paper traces the initiation of CKD care and then describes the status of its care in Madhya Pradesh, a central province in India.
Bone cement versus bone flap replacement: A comparative meta-analysis of posterior fossa craniotomy complications
Authors: Neill Ryan , Harris Peter , Daggubati Lekhaj Chand
Published: January 2025

Background:

Posterior fossa surgeries are often performed to treat infratentorial pathologies, such as tumors that increase intracranial pressure. Posterior fossa craniotomy has been shown to decrease the incidence of postoperative complications and morbidity compared to craniectomy. More recently, the use of bone cement in posterior fossa craniotomies has been implemented, but there is limited comparative postoperative data of this technique to more commonly used bone flap replacement. This study aims to address this information gap through a meta-analysis comparing the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and other complications when utilizing bone cement versus bone flap replacement in posterior fossa craniotomies.

Methods:

Following a literature review, search parameters for a systematic review were identified and relevant studies were sorted based on selection criteria to be included in the meta-analysis. Data analysis was performed in R studio and Microsoft Excel software. Targeted complications for analysis include cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, pseudomeningocele formation, and infection. Pooled estimates and odds ratios for dichotomous outcomes were calculated with corresponding 95% confidence intervals, and findings were translated into illustrative tables and figures.

Results:

Twenty-one articles were included in a systematic review, nine studies using bone cement and thirteen using bone flap (two studies reported data for both groups). With bone flap replacement, CSF leakage was 8.36% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.89–10.86%), pseudomeningocele formation was 9.22% (95% CI 4.82–13.62%), and infection was 6.85% (95% CI 4.05–9.65%). With bone cement usage, CSF leakage was 3.47% (95% CI 2.37–4.57%), pseudomeningocele formation was 2.43% (95% CI 1.23–3.63%), and infection was 1.85% (95% CI 0.75–2.95%). The odds ratio of CSF leak, pseudomeningocele formation, and infection was 0.39 (95% CI 0.229–0.559), 0.25 (95% CI 0.137–0.353), and 0.26 (95% CI 0.149–0.363), respectively, with the use of bone cement compared to craniotomy.

Conclusion:

Outcomes demonstrated in this meta-analysis revealed an overall decreased incidence of postoperative complications rates of CSF leak, pseudomeningocele formation, and infection when using bone cement compared to bone flap in posterior fossa craniotomies. Our study suggests that bone cement use is safe and effective in posterior fossa surgery. Future studies should further assess the comparative outcomes of these techniques.
Artificial intelligence in corticospinal tract segmentation using constrained spherical deconvolution
Authors: Freitas Erom Lucas Alves , Fernandes de Oliveira Santos Bruno
Published: January 2025

Background:

Tractography of cerebral white matter tracts is a technique with applications in neurosurgical planning and the diagnosis of neurological diseases. In this context, the approach based on the constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) algorithm allows for more efficient and plausible segmentations. This study aimed to compare two CSD techniques for corticospinal tract (CST) segmentation.

Methods:

This study examined 40 diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) acquired at 7T from healthy participants in the human connectome project (HCP) and 12 clinical 1.5T DWIs from patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures. Tractography was performed using two techniques: regions of interest-based approach and an automatic approach using the TractSeg neural network. The volume of the CST segmented by the two methods was compared using the Dice similarity coefficient.

Results:

There was a low similarity between the CST volumes segmented by the two techniques (Dice index for the HCP: 0.479 ± 0.04; Dice index for the Clinical: 0.404 ± 0.08). However, both techniques achieved high levels of consistency in sequential measurements, with intraclass correlation coefficient values above 0.995 for all comparisons. In addition, all selected metrics showed significant differences when comparing the two techniques (HCP – volume P < 0.0001, fractional anisotropy [FA] P = 0.0061, mean diffusivity [MD] P < 0.0001; Clinical – volume P < 0.0001, FA P = 0.0018, MD P = 0.0018).

Conclusion:

Both methods demonstrate a high degree of consistency; however, the automatic approach appears to be more consistent overall. When comparing the CST segmentations between the two methods, we observed only a moderate similarity and differences in all considered metrics.
Внешний облик и здоровье русского населения на севере Якутской области XIX в. по описаниям современников
Authors: Шишигина А.Н.
Published: January 2025

На основе изучения письменных источников XIX в. показано, как современники описывали внешний облик и здоровье русского населения севера Якутской области в то время. С использованием общенаучных и специальных исторических методов автор приходит к выводу о том, что характер заболеваний русского населения северных районов Якутской области в изучаемый период не имел зависимости от климата, а более всего зависел от степени развития медицинской деятельности и гигиенических условий. Согласно материалам наблюдений исследователей XIX в., значительная роль в сохранности здоровья отводилась образу жизни.

The work is devoted to the reconstruction of the history of the study of the Russian population of the northern territories of Yakutia, its anthropological data, the state of its health based on the materials of the 19th century, which are represented by written sources of narrative and documentary nature. The research carried out with the use of general scientific and special historical methods makes it allows us to draw conclusions about the nature of miscegenation of the Russian ethnos with the local population and the peculiarities of this process, which complements the existing approaches to the study of the ethnic landscape of the territory and heterogeneous assimilation processes. The article provides data on the history of medicine in Yakutia in the 19th century and formulates promising research directions.
Проблемы самоидентификации А.И. Софронова‒Алампа в автобиографическом нарративе
Authors: Романова Л.Н.
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена недостаточно изученным в якутском литературоведении автобиографиям якутского писателя А.И. Софронова‒Алампа. Рассмотрены три типа автобиографий писателя: автобиография исповедального характера в структуре дневника, автобиография-предисловие к литературному произведению и автобиография – официальный документ. Предпринят анализ нарративной структуры текстов: композиционного строения, хронотопа, субъектно-объектной организации, коммуникативной стратегии, языковых особенностей. Выявлены особенности целостности автобиографических нарративов, обусловленные двойной точкой зрения автора (автора-повествователя в роли Я-сегодняшнего и автора-героя в функции Я-как другой и Я-тогдашний), специфичной рамочной композицией, намеренной неопределенностью хронотопа, позволяющей сместить акцент на ментальные трансформации героя, имплицитной адресованностью.

The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the autobiographies of the Yakut writer A.I. Sofronov are considered from the point of view of their narrative construction. The aim of the study is to analyze the specifics of the narrative organization in the three autobiographies of A.I. Sofronov–Alampа in terms of their textual integrity and interrelation. To achieve this goal, the tasks of identifying the specifics of the functioning of the author’s image, compositional structure and principles of creating a narrative as a whole were solved. In the study, a comparative typological approach was used to identify the typological features of self-narration. The analysis of the compositional structure of texts assumed the method of structural analysis. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, research requires integrated literary, textual, linguistic, and cultural methods. The fact that the texts under consideration are narratives is evidenced by the subject-object organization based on a double point of view, the bearer of which is the author; the compositional structure of the material in chronological linear order, forming a coherent story with an open ending, a causal relationship of description.
Switching Off Cooperative CO2 Adsorption in Fluorinated CeIV-based Metal-Organic Frameworks by Linker Engineering
Authors: Nerli Francesca , Guiotto Virginia , Nardelli Francesca , Giovanelli Andrea , Bizzarro Linda , Zizzi Federico , Geppi Marco , Calucci Lucia , Crocellà Valentina , Lessi Marco , Taddei Marco
Published: January 2025

Understanding fundamental aspects related to the adsorption behaviour of flexible metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is a crucial step to develop improved sorbents for gas separations. F4_MIL-140A(Ce) is a recently discovered MOF that displays a cooperative CO2 adsorption mechanism enabled by concerted rotation of the aromatic rings of the tetrafluoroterephthalate linkers, giving rise to a step-shaped isotherm. Here, we shed light on the key role played by the degree of fluorination of the organic linker in such a cooperative mechanism by synthesising novel Fx_MIL-140A(Ce) (where x = 2 or 3) analogues and characterising them with a wide range of experimental techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas sorption analysis, in situ infrared spectroscopy and adsorption microcalorimetry. We found that the removal of fluorine atoms from the linker switches off the cooperative mechanism observed in the perfluorinated prototype, leading to Langmuir-type CO2 adsorption isotherms for Fx_MIL-140A(Ce). The removal of fluorine also results in a higher CH4 adsorption capacity and, therefore, in a progressive decrease of CO2/CH4 selectivity. In situ infrared spectroscopy using CO as a probe confirmed that CeIV sites are accessible in Fx_MIL-140A(Ce), but their Lewis acidity decreases at lower degrees of fluorination. Adsorption microcalorimetry revealed that the CeIV sites are accessible to CO2 even at low loading and that a higher degree of fluorination leads to a stronger interaction with CO2. Desorption of the crystallisation water coordinated to CeIV from Fx_MIL-140A(Ce) appears to induce a similar phase transition to that observed in F4_MIL-140A(Ce), suggesting that a cooperative mechanism persists when water is the adsorbate, likely because of its ability to establish hydrogen-bonding like interactions with the linker. The collective evidence points towards reduced steric hindrance around the most favourable adsorption sites for CO2 as the main factor responsible for the absence of a cooperative adsorption mechanism in Fx_MIL-140A(Ce) MOFs.
Trends in the electronic and geometric structures of doped two-dimensional quasi-hexagonal C60
Authors: Barnes Alexander E. , Lambie Stephanie , Gaston Nicola
Published: January 2025

Density functional theory calculations are used to assess the effect of dopant removal within the experimental quasi-hexagonal Mg4C60 material [Meirzadeh et al. Nature, 613, 71-76, 2023]. A number of geometries at each dopant ratio are considered, with each dopant ratio displaying a wide range of possible electronic structures. As such, the electronic properties are found to depend primarily on geometric factors, rather than on dopant ratios. We find that the interplay of interlayer distance and average Mg-Mg distance can be used to explain electronic structures at each dopant ratio.
Evidence Of Heteroepitaxy and Solid Solutions in lattice matched ternary COF Systems
Authors: Winter Alena , Lange Juliane , Hamdi Farzad , Kastritis Panagiotis , Haase Frederik
Published: January 2025

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline, porous materials with a possibility for broad applications, but their structural diversity remains constrained by simple net topologies, limiting functional versatility. To address this challenge, we developed a strategy for incorporating linkers with mismatched geometries, exemplified by a [4-c+2-c+3-c] system incorporating pentagonal motifs for 2D tiling. Central to this approach is the derivation of a length ratio parameter, α, which provides a quantitative guide for evaluating the compatibility of linkers in ternary systems. Using a model system optimized to an ideal α, we demonstrate that precise size matching enables the formation of localized solid solutions and heteroepitaxial interfaces. These findings showcase a pathway for expanding the structural and functional complexity of COFs, opening new avenues for tailored material design.
Above the energy gap law: Heavy chalcogenide substitution in NIR II-emissive diradicaloid qubits
Authors: McNamara Lauren , Zhou Aimei , Anferov Sophie , Krzyaniak Matthew , Wasielewski Michael , Sun Lei , Boyn Jan-Niklas , Schaller Richard , Anderson John
Published: January 2025

Near-infrared- (NIR, 700-1700 nm) and telecom- (~1260-1625 nm) emissive molecules are good candidates for biological imaging and quantum sensing applications, respectively; however, bright low energy emission is rare due to exponentially increasing nonradiative decay rates in these regions, a phenomenon known as the energy gap law. Recent literature has emphasized the importance of minimizing skeletal modes to prevent increased nonradiative decay rates, but most organic lumiphores in these regions utilize large, conjugated scaffolds containing many C=C modes. Here we report a compact, telecom-emissive scaffold, tetrathiafulvalene-2,3,6,7-tetraselenate, or TTFts, that displays remarkable air, water, and acid stability, exhibits record quantum yields and brightness values, and retains quantum coherence under ambient conditions. These properties are enabled through methodical selenium substitution, which bathochromically shifts emission while shifting skeletal vibrations to lower energies. This new scaffold validates heavy heteroatom substitution strategies and establishes a new class of bright telecom emitters and robust qubits.
Data-Driven Kinetic Reaction Networks for Separation Chemistry
Authors: Lee Jiyoung , Augustine Logan , Henkelman Graeme , Yang Ping , Perez Danny
Published: January 2025

Understanding complex, multi-step chemical reactions at the molecular level is a major challenge whose solution would greatly benefit the design and optimization of numerous chemical processes. The separation of rare-earth (4f) and actinide (5f) elements is an example where improving our chemical understanding is important for designing and optimizing new chemistries, even with a limited number of observations. In this work, we leverage data-driven artificial intelligence and machine-learning approaches to develop kinetic reaction networks that describe the liquid-liquid extraction mechanism of uranium using N,N-di-2-ethylhexyl-isobutyramide (DEHiBA). Specifically, we compare and contrast the properties of two classes of models: (1) purely data-driven models that are regularized using chemistry-agnostic, L1 regression and (2) chemistry-informed models which are regularized using relative reaction energies provided by quantum mechanical calculations. We observe that purely data-driven models are unbiased, simple, and accurate in their predictions of experimental measurements when provided with sufficient data but are difficult to fully constrain and interpret. In contrast, chemistry-informed models exhibit significantly improved chemical interpretability and consistency, providing a detailed description of the separation process, while achieving high accuracy through ensemble averaging. Overall, the dominant species predicted to be extracted into the organic phase is UO2(NO3)2(DEHiBA)2, agreeing with experimental slope analysis, thermodynamic modeling, EXAFS, and crystal structures. This work demonstrates that leveraging the fundamental structure of the problem can lead to efficient learning schemes that provide both accurate predictions and chemical insights at low computational cost.
Physical Parameters Optimization for Cost Minimization of Perovskite Solar Cell with Inexpensive HTM, ETM and Back Contact Material
Authors: Uddin Rukon , Bhowmik Subarata
Published: January 2025

In this study, an all-perovskite solar cell is proposed consists of MASnI3, CsSnI3 and MAGeI3 proposed to replace conventional expensive HTM, ETM. Several physical parameters of each layer (HTM, ETM and Absorber) of the proposed cell including thickness, doping density, defect density, electron affinity, temperature, series resistance and metal work function have been analyzed. After analyzing the physical parameters of each layer of the proposed cell it is found that MASnI3, CsSnI3 and MAGeI3 can be costeffective and non-toxic alternatives of expensive and toxic HTM, absorber and ETM to provide optimal efficiency. Although several back contact materials can provide maximum efficiency for the proposed cell, Ni has the lowest cost among them. Hence, we have considered Ni as the back contact for the proposed cell. The proposed cell with Ni as back contact can provide an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.97V, a short circuit current (Jsc) of 35.16mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 82.92% and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 28.28%.
A spline-based method to obtain spatially dependent viscosity in confined flows
Authors: Palmer Bruce , Simonnin Pauline , Chun Jaehun
Published: January 2025

Coupling chemical physics to continuum theories is a critical step to understanding multi-scale phenomena. This paper will connect non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to a continuum-based Navier-Stokes equation that has relaxed the assumption of spatial uniformity in viscosity. Using a form for the viscosity based on spline interpolation, the viscosity as a function of position is obtained from a least squares fit of the velocity profile measured from molecular simulations of flow in a nanochannel. Viscosity can vary widely, particularly near the channel boundaries, indicating that a uniform viscosity is no longer appropriate. Variations of the viscosity near the channel surfaces implies that considering solution and surface chemistry could be necessary to rigorously understand molecular-scale flows in nanochannels.
Intensity of Sexual Desire: Norm and Pathology. Discussion on the Topic
Authors: Kocharyan Garnik
Published: January 2025

The intensity of sexual desire can be various and ranges in a certain continuum. One of its poles is occupied by absence of sexual desire, the other one having its pathological increase. Among the sex desire disorders its weakening is most commonly diagnosed disorder (in 33.4% of women, topping other sexopathological symptoms, and in 15.8% of men). The article contains definitions of hypoactive sexual desire in ICD-10 (1992), ICD-10 Research Diagnostic Guidelines (RDG) (1993) and ICD-11. According to ICD-10 RDG, one of general diagnostic criteria of sexual dysfunctions consists in duration of their existence, which should last at least 6 months. As for general diagnostic criteria of sexual dysfunctions, ICD-11 isolates such as presence of their existence during at least a few months and necessity of existence of clinically significant distress associated with the above dysfunctions. These criteria are also reflected in the characteristic of hypoactive dysfunction of sexual desire (HA00) in ICD-11. Such diagnostic criteria were absent in ICD-10 (1992). In this connection the following questions arise: (1) Why does diagnosing of sexual dysfunction require such a long period of its existence? (2) What must the physician and patient do during this period: wait until the sexual disorder may smooth over spontaneously or record further decreases in the patient’s quality of life? (3) Why is a specialist in the field of sexual health, who has received occupational training, unable to make a proper diagnosis before the end of at least 3-month period? Another aspect of the problem consists in the ability to diagnose one or another sexual dysfunction in ICD-11 only in the case when the sexual problem is associated with clinically significant distress. As it was previously stated, the diagnostic manual (ICD-11), which was preparing, would set its sights on absence of any standards of sexual activity. If an individual is satisfied with his/her sexual activity, the possibility of making the diagnosis of sexual dysfunction is immediately excluded. The characterized approach blurs the conception of norm and pathology. But it should be noted that hypoactive dysfunction of sexual desire is presented in the approved ICD-11 rather broadly, and though the presence of personality distress, associated with the above dysfunction, is one of its diagnostic criteria, such a harsh approach to its diagnosis, which took place at the stage of preparation of this classification, is not noted. In the author’s opinion, the assertion that asexuality may be one of the normal manifestations is not justified and the notion of “healthy asexuality” is paradoxical.
Nucleoside and Non-Nucleoside DNA Methyltransferase 1 Inhibitors in Epigenetic and Combination Therapies in Cancer: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mohan Nila
Published: January 2025

DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism of gene silencing crucial to the regulation of gene expression in normal physiological events such as differentiation and X-inactivation. However, aberrant silencing of regulatory genes can contribute to oncogenic transformation, further perpetuated due to the heritability of these changes down the cell line. Though aberrant DNA methylation is implicated across cancer types, epigenetic therapy with DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) depleting drugs is only approved in the treatment of hematological cancers. This limitation is due to the drugs’ high toxicity, a byproduct of their mechanism as nucleoside analogs. Identifying less toxic nucleoside analogs or developing non-nucleoside analogs is necessary to expand the application of epigenetic therapy. This review examines the existing nucleoside and non-nucleoside DNMT1-inhibitors at various stages of preclinical and clinical development, and overviews prospective applications of epigenetic therapy in solid tumors as monotherapy and combined therapy. The list of drugs reported in this review is non-comprehensive as it excludes primary research on drugs last tested prior to the FDA approval of azacitidine and drugs not tested or inviable in human cells. This is to limit the survey to studies that intend to improve upon the pharmacological profile of the approved drugs. Of particular importance are the recently developed DNMT1-inhibitor (DNMT1-i) GSK analogs and the advancements in protein modeling that have elucidated their mechanism to the greatest precision yet. Not yet discussed in length in secondary literature, these findings provide a clearer model for the development of more specific DNMT-is. Furthermore, evidence showing enhanced efficacy of DNMT1 inhibitors when combined with DNA damaging agents identifies epigenetic combination therapy as a pertinent focus of future research.
The Influence Of Traditional Games On Improving Basic Movement Patterns In Physical Education Learning
Authors: Rohaeni Finny , Noor Robby Dzulfaqor , Pratama Yerdi , Sudrazat Adang
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the effect of traditional games on improving students' basic movement patterns. The method used is pre-experimental. The population of this research is class V students at State SDN Bangkir for the 2023/2024 academic year. The instruments used are motor ability tests including the 30 m running test, shuttle run test, ball tag throwing test, and stork stand test. The data analysis technique was carried out using the t test and regression test using the SPSS For Windows 20 application, at the t test level the value of Sig was significant. (2tailed) < 0.05 based on data analysis, this research shows that there is an influence of traditional games on improving students' basic movement patterns of Sig. 0.000 < 0.05 and the magnitude of the influence of traditional games on improving students' basic movement patterns has a presentation of 86.8%. So it can be concluded that traditional games have an influence on improving the basic movement patterns of state students SDN Bangkir
Cognitive Assessment of PJOK Subjects Using Paper Mode In The Quizizz Application
Authors: Noor Robby Dzulfaqor , Pratma Yerdi , Gaol Ares Lumban , Susilawat Dewii
Published: January 2025

The process of assessing student learning is an important part of efforts to collect information about learning outcomes.  The use of technology  (computers)  makes this process more efficient. Paper Mode Quizizz is a platform that attracts students' interest and increases student focus. The purpose of this research is to be able to arouse interest and increase students'  concentration.  This study used a qualitative descriptive method to describe the interest and concentration conditions of the sixth-grade students at  SDN Bangkir. This study used various tools to collect data, including (1) observation sheets, (2) student questionnaires; and (3) interview guidelines to support the results of the student response questionnaire. The results showed that the Paper Mode Quizizz application could increase student interest by  87.6%  and student concentration by  87.2%  by working on assessment questions to achieve optimal results.
Use Of Hanging Ball Media to Increase Screen Kick Speed In Pencak Silat Sports
Authors: Purnomo Akbar Fauzan , Hamdalah Yosep , Aulia Mohammad , Susilawati Dewi
Published: January 2025

Collecting the data under study was carried out according to the results of observations and findings of problems in the field in members of the extracurricular pencak silat at MI Assalam, North Sumedang District, Sumedang Regency. The problem found by researchers was the lack of speed in the sickle kick, so that extracurricular members lacked speed in performing the sickle kick which resulted in not being optimal in matches and movements. A sickle kick means doing a side kick with the body moving half a turn and kicking using the shin. The purpose of this study was to determine how much the use of hanging ball media accelerates the kick of the pencak silat sickle and the effect of using hanging ball media to accelerate the kick of the pencak silat sickle. Hanging ball media as a medium in right and left sickle kick exercises to make it easier for extracurricular members to do sickle kicks, because if you practice continuously using patching for a long period the legs of children aged 8-12 years are very vulnerable. This research method uses an experimental method with a pre-experimental design (one group pretest-posttest) and a relatively low pretest so that the practice is given 12 meetings and produces a posttest score that is obtained which results in a fairly good increase for the experimental group. After processing the data using the paired sample T-test, the value of sig (2-tailed) is 0.000.
Improving Bottom Service Learning Outcomes Through The Ball Throwing Approach To Students Of State Middle School 37 Makassar
Authors: Aldi Aldi , Hakim Hikmad , Usman Arifuddin , Hudain Muh. Adnan , Aprilo Ians
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the study was to determine the improvement of learning outcomes of lower serves of bolavoli games through the approach of playing throwing balls to students of SMP Negeri 37 Makassar. This research is a class action research using several cycles (pre-cycle, cycle I and cycle II) and begins with a pre-cycle, to see an increase in student learning outcomes after being given a ball throwing game. The results showed that in the pre-cycle activities, the number of students who completed learning was 1 student or all students were not complete as many as 21 students or 5% of students were complete and 95% of students were not complete with an average learning outcome of 44.45. Cycle I the number of students who completed learning was 4 students and 18 students were not complete or as many as 18% of students were complete and 82% of students were not complete with an average learning outcome of 64.27, while in cycle II there was a significant increase in student learning completeness to 22 complete students or 100% with an average learning outcome of 87.18. The conclusion of the ball throwing game can improve the learning outcomes of the lower service of bolavoli in students of SMP Negeri 37 Makassar with an average increase in learning outcomes of 42.73.
Identifying and Analyzing the Difficulties Facing Primary Schools In Ngaras District, West Pesir District, Lampung Province In Conducting Physical Learning, Sports and Health Evaluations
Authors: Sukmana Fajar , Rahman Trio Deswa , Putra Yuda Gastriana , Susilawati Dewi
Published: January 2025

This study aims to identify and analyze the difficulties faced by elementary schools in Ngaras District, West Coast Regency, Lampung Province in implementing Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) evaluation. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected through document analysis and interviews with teachers and principals. The findings show that the implementation of PJOK evaluation in elementary schools in the Ngaras District is faced with several difficulties. Factors such as limited physical resources, limited access to sports facilities, lack of teacher training in planning and implementing evaluations, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic play a significant role in hindering the PJOK evaluation process. The results of this study provide valuable insights for educational stakeholders to develop more effective strategies in improving the implementation of PJOK evaluation in elementary schools, especially in areas with challenges like Ngaras District, and West Coast Regency.
Coach’s Leadership Styles of Soccer School (SSB): Based on Athlete's Perspective
Authors: Assami Avecenna Ulupi , Komarudin Komarudin , Saputra Mochamad Yamin , Novian Geraldi
Published: January 2025

The coach's leadership style in fostering athletes is one of the main keys to athlete success. A distinctive leadership style helps the coach deliver training material effectively. This study aims to determine the coach's leadership style used in soccer schools (SSB) in terms of perspective. The research method used quantitative descriptive method involving 23 athletes of SSB Baleendah Selection aged 13 years. The instrument used is the coach's leadership style questionnaire. Percentage results are presented as data analysis. The results showed that the dominant coach leadership style used at SSB Baleendah Selection was the democratic coach leadership style of 58% and the authoritarian coach leadership style of 42%. This study concludes that the democratic coach's leadership style is the more dominant leadership style applied to soccer schools, specifically at the age of 13 years.
Implementation of the Independent Curriculum For Early Childhood Education at TK Plus El-Huriyah North Cikarang
Authors: Amien Muhamad Farhan , Kautsar Angga Fermana , Ardian Deni , Rahayu Ega Trisna , Afrinaldi Rolly
Published: January 2025

This research aims to find out how the independent curriculum is implemented at the kindergarten level. The research uses descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques carried out using documentary methods, literature studies, observations and surveys. The Indonesian curriculum is undergoing a transition period from the thirteenth curriculum to the independent curriculum. During this transition period, all elements of education are adapting to the use of this new implementation. Starting from preparing changes to educational administration to implementing learning in the classroom. There are many obstacles to be faced and all implementers in the field are expected to innovate to maximize this independent curriculum. One of the levels of education that implements the independent curriculum is the kindergarten level. At the kindergarten level, the implementation of the independent curriculum is still very complicated because it has to adapt to students' understanding of learning. Researchers conducted observations at the Plus El-Huriyah Kindergarten school and found innovative learning in movement learning, namely the use of educational game learning media called APE. The use of APE in learning is carried out in a mentoring manner, making students carry out movement learning freely, measurably and efficiently. However, the problem is that teachers have to update their APE learning media every week because they remember that the age of students is easily bored and APE is not yet optimal. All parties must work together to maximize the implementation of this independent curriculum.