bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APENDICECTOMIA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE DIAGNÓSTICO E COMPLICAÇÕES EM EXTREMOS DE IDADE
Authors: Frota Rallyson Victor Neri , Marino Ana Clara Alencar , Silva Lima da Costa Ruth
Published: November 2023

Objetivo: realizar um estudo comparativo sobre o diagnóstico e as complicações da cirurgia de apendicectomia em crianças e idosos. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, conduzida nas bases de dados do Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO) Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) e National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), com foco em estudos publicados entre 2017 e 2023. Resultados: A detecção da apendicite aguda em extremos de idade é desafiadora. Em lactentes, os sintomas iniciais incluem inconsciência, anorexia, irritabilidade, vômitos, febre e dor à medida que a doença progride. Em contraste, idosos frequentemente não apresentam sintomas clássicos e desenvolvem complicações rapidamente. A apendicite é mais comum em crianças e adolescentes entre 4 e 15 anos, sendo rara nos primeiros 2 anos de vida devido a variações anatômicas do apêndice. Nos idosos, a incidência aumentou devido à maior expectativa de vida, com pontuações mais baixas na Escala de Alvarado, exigindo maior atenção. Complicações pós-operatórias são mais comuns em crianças, especialmente com atrasos no diagnóstico e nas fases avançadas da doença. Nos idosos, uma complicação comum é o óbito, especialmente entre 70 e 79 anos. Conclusão. Essas descobertas têm relevância significativa, pois aprofundam a compreensão da relação entre idade e apendicite na comunidade, o que pode informar estratégias para melhorar a promoção da saúde e prevenção da doença em diferentes grupos etários, facilitando o planejamento e a implementação de ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção da doença.
Strategi Pengembangan e-Government di Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika Kota Tanjungpinang
Authors: Aulia Rani Nafisah , Samin Rumzi , Okparizan
Published: November 2023

Since 2018 the Tanjungpinang City Government has started developing e-Government. e-Government development efforts are also a target in the 2018-2023 RPJMD of Tanjungpinang City in 2022 with the coordinator are Dinas Communication and Information of Tanjungpinang City . The purpose of this study is to find out how the strategy carried out by the Dinas Communication and Informatics in developing e-Government in the city of Tanjungpinang. The method used in this study was a qualitative descriptive method with 5 informants and data collection techniques and tools in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation with the research locus is Dinas Communication and Informatics Tanjungpinang City. The results of this study using the ITPOSMO theory from Hungger and Whalen are, (1) Information, The state of the Information owned by Diskominfo is by having the official website of the Tanjungpinang city government and SIPA Kominfo, (2) Technology, The state of the technology that exists at Dikominfo is a lack of network capacity, (3) Processes, As for the process carried out in the development of e-Government by providing network capacity and SIPA Kominfo, (4) Objective and Value, the situation to be achieved is the integrity of public services and employment archive, but for now what has started to have integrity is only the employment archive application (5) Staff and Skills. The condition of the staff and also the skills possessed by the Ministry of Communication and Informatics is that they still have incompetent human resources in the ICT field (6) Management and Structure, with the presence of Mayor Number 8 of 2022 and the existence of applications staffing formed by Pemko who are able to provide assistance in carrying out e-Government development in the city of Tanjungpinang (7) Others, the most influential resources are funds and time, Diskominfo is still experiencing a lack of funds due to post-Covid-19 economic recovery which causes all E-Government development efforts are hampered. The conclusion of this study is that the Tanjungpinang City Communications and Informatics Office in developing e-Government does not yet have its own innovative strategy due to unexpected obstacles such as Covid-19.
Bright and Dark Soliton Pulse in Solid Core Photonic Crystal Fibers
Authors: Jasim AL-Taie Mohammed Salim
Published: November 2023

The nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation was utilized to conduct an analytical study on the soliton control in homogeneous photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) within both the normal and anomalous dispersion regimes. The split step Fourier method and MATLAB computation were used to generate the analytical soliton solutions for the NLS problem. The bright and dark soliton can be controlled by the group-velocity distribution (GVD). It is capable of demonstrating the fabrication of a fully coherent PCF. Moreover, dark soliton pulses have been seen in PCF in the typical dispersion domain. Here, we present the bound states of bright–dark soliton pairs that are mutually confined in a PCF. Solitons are produced when two modes with opposing dispersions are replanted. One laser operating in the anomalous dispersion domain produces the bright soliton, while the second laser running in the normal dispersion phase produces the dark soliton by normal dispersion cross-phase modulation with the light soliton. The results unequivocally point to a novel method of generating dark soliton pulses. Capturing both bright and dark solitons can produce light states that, interestingly, have a consistent power output and spectrally resemble a frequency comb. These results may have use in soliton states in atomic physics, ultrafast optics, frequency comb technologies, and telecommunications systems. A radically new approach to the stabilization of powerful wave packages in the negative and positive GVD regions of interacting waves is illustrated.
 
Received: 25 August 2023 | Revised: 26 October 2023 | Accepted: 10 November 2023
 
Conflicts of InterestThe author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
Prevention of online sexual abuse: What do Chilean adolescents propose?
Authors: Guerra Cristóbal , Toro Edgardo , Pinto-Cortez Cristian , Fernández Angelica , Martínez Geraldine , Ramirez Maira , Swiergala Elizabeth , Melo Claudia , Alcorce Carolina , Gonzalez Cherie , Retamal Magaly
Published: November 2023

The prevalence of online sexual abuse (OSA) is high worldwide. In Chile, law No. 20,526 seeks to punish sexual harassment, virtual child pornography and possession of child pornographic material. The evidence shows that preventative strategies, aiming to combat OSA, are ineffective, mainly due to their adult-centric logic. For this reason, this study aims to describe the preventive strategies that adolescents are familiar with and which ones they propose.  Eighty-two adolescents answered a qualitative online survey. The thematic analysis shows that adolescents propose to prevent OSA by fostering dialogue within the family -balancing supervision with support- instead of imposing rigid norms. The adolescents further suggest incorporating the school community into this dialogue and that the strategies be continuous, in interactive and motivating formats, rather than rigid and scholarly.
Superando las trampas de la memoria: 23 aportes para declaraciones en casos de violencia sexual
Authors: Delgado Ramos Enrique , Berrocal Aragones Gabriela , Uribe Bravo Karla Anamaría
Published: November 2023

En América Latina, entre el 5% y el 15% de las mujeres han sufrido violencia sexual. Sin embargo, dada la naturaleza del delito, en estas situaciones muchas veces no se cuenta con pruebas materiales, por lo que las declaraciones de testigos toman especial importancia. Si bien la psicología ha identificado que los recuerdos pueden estar sujetos a diferentes distorsiones. Siguiendo los insights aportados por la investigación científica, es posible obtener declaraciones verosímiles que contribuyan a la justicia. En este marco, este trabajo propone aportes específicos para la recogida de declaraciones de testigos en casos de violencia sexual, a partir de una revisión sistemática -basada en los criterios de PRISMA- de la mejor evidencia sobre psicología de la memoria y psicología del testimonio de los últimos diez años, para asegurar transparencia, objetividad y reproducibilidad. Se obtuvo un total de 37 estudios que fueron utilizados para elaborar aportes específicos aplicables al recojo de declaraciones en casos de violencia sexual. Sostenemos que al mejorar la precisión de la evaluación de la credibilidad de las declaraciones de víctimas y testigos en casos de violencia sexual, podríamos reducir el riesgo de no creer a las víctimas reales y/o condenar injustamente a personas inocentes.
Violencia sexual, fantasma y posición subjetiva: El caso de una excombatiente de las FARC-EP
Authors: Arango Arias Ana Lucía , Gómez Gallego John James , Orozco Giraldo Manuela , Castaño Ocampo Vanesa
Published: November 2023

La violencia sexual contra la mujer en el marco del conflicto armado colombiano es un tema de alta sensibilidad. Este artículo presenta resultados de investigación derivados del análisis de entrevistas realizadas con una ex combatiente de las FARC-EP, víctima de violencia sexual, usando como referencia teorías psicoanalíticas de Freud y Lacan, específicamente en lo relativo al trauma, el fantasma, la identificación y la posición subjetiva; permitiendo comprender sus vías de ingreso y deserción del grupo armado, y el modo en que logra poner límite al Otro como abusador. El análisis se realizó siguiendo el paradigma indiciario aplicado al análisis de discurso, bajo la lógica del método abductivo, pertinente para el psicoanálisis, pues permite encontrar lo inédito siguiendo lo singular de cada caso. Los hallazgos revelan, no solamente el lugar que el sujeto tiene como agente en su sufrimiento, sino, además, que es precisamente por ese lugar de agente y la función de la fantasía, que llegó a producir un arreglo subjetivo con el cual puso límite a la circularidad del abuso como expresión de la compulsión de repetición.
Prácticas de liderazgo distribuido en formación técnico profesional: Nuevas formas de aprender, enseñar y trabajar
Authors: Ahumada Figueroa Luis , Castro Castro Soledad , Maureira Cabrera Oscar , Pino-Yancovic Mauricio
Published: November 2023

La formación técnica profesional ha sido resaltada tanto por su importancia para el desarrollo económico y social de los países como por promover una mayor equidad, movilidad social e inserción laboral de sus estudiantes, pero ha sido escasamente estudiada en Chile y en el mundo. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y caracterizar las prácticas de liderazgo distribuido en centros de educación secundaria técnica profesional con trayectoria sostenida de mejoramiento. El método utilizado es el estudio de diez casos localizados a lo largo de todo el país. Como técnicas de producción de datos se realizaron entrevistas y grupos focales con directivos y docentes. Los resultados dan cuenta de prácticas de liderazgo distribuido centradas en metodologías activas de enseñanza y aprendizaje, siendo la gestión directiva una dimensión clave para facilitar estas prácticas. Se concluye que para implementar prácticas de liderazgo distribuido es fundamental instaurar una cultura de trabajo colaborativo. Una formación más inclusiva y democrática, que contribuya a la construcción de un futuro más sustentable y en equilibrio con el medio, exige superar desafíos de la formación asociados a nuevas formas de organización en el trabajo, especialmente sensibles para la educación técnico profesional.
TEPT en sobrevivientes de violencia o abuso sexual en el conflicto armado colombiano
Authors: Barchelot Aceros Laura Juliana , Pabón Poches Daysy Katherine , Mieles Toloza Ismael Leonardo , Galván Patrignani Gonzalo Daniel
Published: November 2023

La violencia política, social y sexual asociada al conflicto armado colombiano afecta frecuentemente a la población civil, provocando traumas severos, polivictimización, trastornos emocionales y estrés postraumático (TEPT). La violencia sexual ha ganado la atención de la comunidad científica debido a las secuelas físicas y psicológicas experimentadas por las personas sobrevivientes. Este estudio analiza niveles de TEPT en 111 sobrevivientes de violación, abuso o agresión sexual durante el conflicto armado colombiano, por medio de una investigación de tipo cuantitativo de alcance descriptivo y del instrumento EGEP-5. Se observó que la muestra es mayoritariamente femenina y reportan un promedio de cinco eventos traumáticos, siendo la violencia física, el acoso sexual y la muerte accidental o violenta las más comunes. Los síntomas de TEPT se manifestaron de forma leve o moderada en toda la muestra, junto con una alta prevalencia de TEPT con presencia de síntomas disociativos. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de tomar medidas preventivas y de abordaje eficaz de la violencia sexual en el contexto del conflicto armado colombiano, destacando la importancia de enfoques multidisciplinarios para atender a las víctimas y mitigar los impactos negativos en su bienestar mental.
Relación terapéutica inicial en agresión sexual infantil: Perspectivas de niñas, niños y sus terapeutas
Authors: Muñoz-Pérez Camila Elisa , Núñez Hidalgo Lucia Beatriz , Capella Sepúlveda Claudia , Gabriel-Vacher Nicolás , Olhaberry Huber Marcia , Alamo Anich Nicolle
Published: November 2023

Este estudio cualitativo busca caracterizar, desde la perspectiva de las niñas, niños y sus terapeutas, la relación terapéutica inicial e identificar los elementos que la facilitan u obstaculizan. Los participantes fueron seis psicólogos y psicólogas, y seis niñas y niños de entre cinco y ocho años de edad, que se encontraban iniciando psicoterapia en un programa especializado en maltrato y abuso sexual infantil. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a las y los niños y profesionales, más el dibujo "Mi terapeuta y yo" a las y los niños, posteriormente sometidas a un análisis narrativo. Los resultados indican que una buena relación terapéutica inicial se caracteriza por el juego y sentimientos positivos entre los y las niños y sus terapeutas; como facilitadores se identifican el juego, una actitud lúdica y cercana del terapeuta; como obstaculizadores se mencionan una actitud terapéutica poco sintonizada, intervenciones focalizadas en hablar y dificultades relacionales de las y los niños. Se discute la relevancia del juego, el impacto de la ASI en las dinámicas relacionales de las y los niños, y la importancia de una oferta lúdica para establecer una buena relación en la psicoterapia en ASI.
Contenidos de cambio y estancamiento en psicoterapias humanistas con adultos que han vivido abuso sexual infantil
Authors: Manriquez-Reyes Karina
Published: November 2023

El abuso sexual infantil (de siglas ASI), es un fenómeno prevalente en diversos lugares del mundo, incluyendo Chile, generando múltiples efectos en la salud mental de los adultos. Esta investigación se sitúa en un paradigma fenomenológico hermenéutico, con metodología cualitativa, que busca comprender el cambio en psicoterapia con adultos que han vivido ASI, desde terapias humanistas-existenciales, haciendo énfasis en los conceptos de episodios de cambio y de estancamiento. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas de casos a terapeutas, entrevistas sobre los efectos de la terapia a pacientes, además de focus group con terapeutas y entrevistas a terapeutas humanistas expertos en la temática. El análisis de los datos se realizó bajo principios de Teoría Fundamentada. Los resultados muestran el carácter dinámico y particular de los cambios con estos pacientes, en donde los episodios de estancamiento tienen relación con los núcleos traumáticos profundos. También se desprenden cambios específicos en torno al ASI, como la comprensión de patrones relacionales y nexo con los abusos, desculpabilización, reconocimiento y contacto con la propia vulnerabilidad, nueva visión de las personas que les han vulnerado y cambios en la forma de recordar el ASI, dándole un nuevo sentido a éste en su vida.
Imagining a feminist and inclusive academia: Multicultural, collaborative, and multidisciplinary redesign of educational resources
Authors: Bravo González Paulina , Venegas Espinoza Jennifer , Ibaceta Guerra Nina
Published: November 2023

The educational system is exposed to biases and stereotypes that operate under capacities, androcentric, and patriarchal logics, where Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) classrooms are not exempt from a worldwide recognised gender gap. This article aims to illustrate another way of organizing and being in academia with a concrete example of multicultural, collaborative, and multidisciplinary work towards decolonizing how we position ourselves in shaping a feminist and inclusive practice. Educational resources developed by an international foundation were adapted to a combined/blended teaching-learning format, considering the conditions of distance education during the health emergency scenario caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The resources were developed incorporating gender perspective, inclusive approach, and aspects of our Latin American identity. The work was carried out collaboratively with specialists from different Latin American countries. Given the current scenario of global challenges, collaborative work between countries allows us to rescue strategies and solutions with a territorial stamp, highlighting our knowledge and putting it at the service of educational resources relevant to each context and science education.
Violencias sexuales, trauma psíquico y reparación: Editorial
Authors: González Marcela , García Manuela , Pedrosa Tacianna , Contreras Lorena
Published: November 2023

La construcción social de las sexualidades remite al entramado cuerpo y subjetividad, ya que son los cuerpos los que sostienen la subjetividad sexuada de los sujetos. El concepto de trauma relacionado al ámbito de lo sexual, forma parte de la historia misma de la clínica psicológica, tal como lo expuso el psicoanálisis a fines del siglo XIX. Desde esta corriente, el trauma implica una experiencia que irrumpe, inesperada, que no se puede anticipar, prever, ni mucho menos evitar, quedando reprimida para solo poder ser simbolizada en un momento posterior. El trauma es un evento que fractura bruscamente la continuidad entre el yo y su ser, siendo una irrupción de lo real que devasta el orden simbólico. Múltiples estudios indican la presencia de una serie de secuelas en distintos ámbitos tanto psicológicos, como sociales, muchas de las cuales pueden persistir en el tiempo, constituyendo así quiebres en distintas áreas del desarrollo. Esta edición de Psicoperspectivas pretende acercarse al trabajo clínico desarrollado en el ámbito de las violencias sexuales, de género en contexto de pareja, abusos sexuales en la infancia, incesto, entre otras. Se incluye contribuciones que indagan en diversos contextos y escenarios locales que aportan al conocimiento respecto del fenómeno de las violencias sexuales, el trauma y la reparación; los temas abordados contemplan intervenciones psicoterapéuticas, abordajes psicosociales con estrategias preventivas y diversas experiencias metodológicas interesantes en relación a cómo afectan estas experiencias el campo subjetivo adulto y el infanto-juvenil.
Pelatihan Komputer Microsoft Word 2016 Untuk Guru dan Orang Tua Murid Satuan PAUD Sejenis Negeri Bale Bermain Cempaka Putih
Authors: Wahyuhening Fibriany Firstianty , Lubis Bagianda Oloan , Eriana Eri
Published: November 2023

Satuan PAUD Sejenis (SPS) Negeri Bale Bermain Cempaka Putuh Ceria beralamat Jl. Komplek Perkantoran Rawa Kerbau No. 3 Rt.16/Rw.02 Kel. Cempaka Putih Timur Kec. Cempaka Putih Jakarta Pusat 10510. Sekolah ini ini hadir ditengah masyarakat dalam upaya mewujudkan fungsi dan perannya sebagai sekolah anak. Namun yang menjadi permasalahan adalah para guru dan orangtua, masih belum memahami penggunaan MS. Word secara baik yang biasanya digunakan untuk kegiatan administrasi maupun kegiatan lain untuk menunjang pembelajaran. Solusi yang ditawarkan untuk permasalahan diatas adalah memberikan pelatihan pengenalan MS Word 2016 untuk lebih memhami dan mengapilikasikan dengan baik. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di SPS Negeri Bale Bermain adalah dalam bentuk pelatihan aplikasi penggunaan MS Word secara langsung. Hasil yang diharapkan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah adanya peningkatan keahlian dan kompetensi dari Guru dan Orang tua SPS Negeri Bale Bermain dalam menggunakan MS Word 2016 untuk mendukung kegiatan administrasi dan pembelajaran sehingga pemanfaatan sarana teknologi informasi yang telah ada dapat dioptimalkan. Luaran dari hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang akan diselenggarakan berupa artikel di media masa cetak atau elektronik nasional dan lokal serta peningkatan keahlian dan kompetensi dari peserta.
Applicability of Convoluted Neural Networks to the Dataset Fitting Problem
Authors: Смородинов А. Д. , Гавриленко Т. В. , Рассадин А. А.
Published: November 2023

в работе рассматривается возможность применения сверточных искусственных нейронных сетей для решения задачи идентификации типа зависимости в наборах данных. Для обучения сверточной нейронной сети использовались обучающие выборки, состоящие из графиков функций. В качестве базового набора функций для обучения искусственной нейронной сети были выбраны 6 функций, ключевым свойством которых является линеаризуемость. Сверточная нейронная сеть применялась для определения типа зависимостей в наборах данных, полученных из международной базы данных MNIST, предназначенной для тестирования статистического программного обеспечения. Приведен анализ результатов применения сверточной нейронной сети к наборам данных из базы данных MNIST, делается вывод о принципиальной возможности применения данного подхода для визуального корреляционного анализа данных и, как следствие, возможности идентификации типа зависимости по графическому образу представления данных.

we analyzed the applicability of convolutional neural networks to solving the dataset fitting problem. The convolutional neural network was trained with training datasets containing function curves. We selected 6 linearizable functions. The convolutional neural network detected the functional relations in the datasets taken from the MNIST database intended for statistical software testing. The results show that it is possible to use the proposed approach for visual correlation analysis and curve-based data fitting.
Accurate Estimation of Energy Losses in Power Lines Considering the Resistance Variation in Time
Authors: Бигун А. Я. , Рыжаков В. В. , Владимиров Л. В. , Дроздова Ю. Е.
Published: November 2023

в работе представлен расчет потерь электрической энергии с учетом нестационарности тепловых процессов в проводах воздушных линий, возникающих из-за изменения режимных и климатических факторов (скорости и направления ветра, температуры окружающей среды). Для расчетов использовался метод, базирующийся на решении уравнения теплового баланса в нестационарном тепловом режиме проводов с возможностью расчета потерь электрической энергии, а также проводился расчет с учетом рекомендаций данных в приказе Министерства энергетики РФ от 30.12.2008 г. No326. Особенностью производимого расчета потерь электрической энергии при нестационарном режиме является применение метода, позволяющего сразу рассчитать их. Произведено сравнение полученных данных, выявлены расхождения, и представлена экономическая оценка расхождений.

this study estimates the electrical power losses in overhead power lines taking into account transient thermal processes caused by changes in operating and ambient conditions (wind speed and direction, air temperature). We solved the heat balance equation for the transient thermal condition of the wires to obtain the electrical power losses as specified in the Directive No. 326 of the Russian Ministry of Energy dated December 30, 2008. The proposed method directly estimates the losses. We analyzed the results, found discrepancies and performed a feasibility study.
Characterizing the tropospheric water vapor spatial variation and trend using 2007–2018 COSMIC radio occultation and ECMWF reanalysis data
Authors: Shao Xi , Ho Shu-Peng , Jing Xin , Zhou Xinjia , Chen Yong , Liu Tung-Chang , Zhang Bin , Dong Jun
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Atmospheric water vapor plays a crucial role in the global energy balance, hydrological cycle, and climate system. High-quality and consistent water vapor data from different sources are vital for weather prediction and climate research. This study assesses the consistency between the Formosa Satellite Mission 3–Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) radio occultation (RO) and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis Model 5 (ERA5) water vapor datasets. Comparisons are made across different atmospheric pressure levels (300, 500, and 850 hPa) from 2007 to 2018. Generally, the two datasets show good spatial and temporal agreement. COSMIC's global water vapor retrieval is slightly lower than ERA5's at 500 and 850 hPa, with distinct latitudinal differences between hemispheres. COSMIC exhibits global water vapor increasing trends of 3.47 ± 1.77 % per decade, 3.25 ± 1.25 % per decade, and 2.03 ± 0.65 % per decade at 300, 500, and 850 hPa, respectively. Significant regional variability in water vapor trends, encompassing notable increasing and decreasing patterns, is observable in tropical and subtropical regions. At 500 and 850 hPa, strong water vapor increasing trends are noted in the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the Laccadive Sea, while decreasing trends are evident in the Indo-Pacific Ocean region and the Arabian Sea. Over land, substantial increasing trends at 850 hPa are observed in the southern United States, contrasting with decreasing trends in southern Africa and Australia. The differences between the water vapor trends of COSMIC and ERA5 are primarily negative in the tropical regions at 850 hPa. However, the water vapor increasing trends at 850 hPa estimated from COSMIC are significantly higher than the ones derived from ERA5 data for two low-height stratocumulus-cloud-rich ocean regions west of Africa and South America. These regions with notable water vapor trend differences are located in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) area with frequent occurrences of convection, such as deep clouds. The difference in characterizing water vapor distribution between RO and ERA5 in deep cloud regions may cause such trend differences. The assessment of spatiotemporal variability in RO-derived water vapor and reanalysis of atmospheric water vapor data helps ensure the quality of these datasets for climate studies.
Independent validation of IASI/METOP-A LMD and RAL CH4 products using CAMS model, in situ profiles and ground-based FTIR measurements
Authors: Dils Bart , Zhou Minqiang , Camy-Peyret Claude , De Mazière Martine , Kangah Yannick , Langerock Bavo , Prunet Pascal , Serio Carmine , Siddans Richard , Kerridge Brian
Published: November 2023

Abstract. In this study, we carried out an independent validation of two methane retrieval algorithms using spectra from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) onboard the Meteorological Operational satellite programme-A (MetOp-A) since 2006. Both algorithms, one developed by the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), called the non-linear inference scheme (NLISv8.3), the other by the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), referred to as RALv2.0, provide longterm global CH4 concentrations using distinctively different retrieval approaches (Neural Network vs. Optimal Estimation, respectively). They also differ with respect to the vertical range covered, where LMD provides mid-tropospheric dry air mole fractions (mtCH4) and RAL provides mixing ratio profiles from which we can derive total column-averaged dry air mole fractions (XCH4) and potentially 2 partial column layers (qCH4). We compared both CH4 products using the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) model, in situ profiles (range extended using CAMS model data) and ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) remote sensing measurements. The average difference in mtCH4 with respect to in situ profiles for LMD ranges between -0.3 and 10.9 ppb while for RAL the XCH4 difference ranges between -10.2 and -4.6 ppb. The standard deviation (stdv) of the observed differences between in situ and RAL retrievals is 14.5–23.0 ppb, which is consistently smaller than that between in situ and LMD retrievals about 15.2–30.6 ppb. By comparing with ground-based FTIR sites, the mean difference is within ±10 ppb for both RAL and LMD retrievals. However, the stdv of the differences at the ground-based FTIR stations show significantly lower values for RAL (11–16 ppb) than those for LMD (about 25 ppb). The long-term stability and seasonal cycles of CH4 derived from the LMD and RAL products are further investigated and discussed. The seasonal variation of XCH4 derived from RAL is consistent with the seasonal variation observed by the groundbased FTIR measurements. However, the overall 2007–2015 XCH4 trend derived from RAL measurements is underestimated if not adjusted for an anomaly occurring on 16 May 2013 due to a L1 calibration change. For LMD, we see very good agreement at the (sub)tropics (<35° N–35° S), but notice deviations of the seasonal cycle (both in the amplitude and phase) and an underestimation of the long-term trend with respect to the RAL and reference data at higher latitude sites.
Evaluating 3 decades of precipitation in the Upper Colorado River basin from a high-resolution regional climate model
Authors: Rudisill William , Flores Alejandro , Carroll Rosemary
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Convection-permitting regional climate models (RCMs) have recently become tractable for applications at multi-decadal timescales. These types of models have tremendous utility for water resource studies, but better characterization of precipitation biases is needed, particularly for water-resource-critical mountain regions, where precipitation is highly variable in space, observations are sparse, and the societal water need is great. This study examines 34 years (1987–2020) of RCM precipitation from the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF; v3.8.1), using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFS; CFSv2) initial and lateral boundary conditions and a 1 km × 1 km innermost grid spacing. The RCM is centered over the Upper Colorado River basin, with a focus on the high-elevation, 750 km2 East River watershed (ERW), where a variety of high-impact scientific activities are currently ongoing. Precipitation is compared against point observations (Natural Resources Conservation Service Snow Telemetry or SNOTEL), gridded climate datasets (Newman, Livneh, and PRISM), and Bayesian reconstructions of watershed mean precipitation conditioned on streamflow and high-resolution snow remote-sensing products. We find that the cool-season precipitation percent error between WRF and 23 SNOTEL gauges has a low overall bias (x^ = 0.25 %, s = 13.63 %) and that WRF has a higher percent error during the warm season (x^ = 10.37 %, s = 12.79 %). Warm-season bias manifests as a high number of low-precipitation days, though the low-resolution or SNOTEL gauges limit some of the conclusions that can be drawn. Regional comparisons between WRF precipitation accumulation and three different gridded datasets show differences on the order of ± 20 %, particularly at the highest elevations and in keeping with findings from other studies. We find that WRF agrees slightly better with the Bayesian reconstruction of precipitation in the ERW compared to the gridded precipitation datasets, particularly when changing SNOTEL densities are taken into account. The conclusions are that the RCM reasonably captures orographic precipitation in this region and demonstrates that leveraging additional hydrologic information (streamflow and snow remote-sensing data) improves the ability to characterize biases in RCM precipitation fields. Error characteristics reported in this study are essential for leveraging the RCM model outputs for studies of past and future climates and water resource applications. The methods developed in this study can be applied to other watersheds and model configurations. Hourly 1 km × 1 km precipitation and other meteorological outputs from this dataset are publicly available and suitable for a wide variety of applications.
Improvements in the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM) through systematic model analysis: CanESM5.0 and CanESM5.1
Authors: Sigmond Michael , Anstey James , Arora Vivek , Digby Ruth , Gillett Nathan , Kharin Viatcheslav , Merryfield William , Reader Catherine , Scinocca John , Swart Neil , Virgin John , Abraham Carsten , Cole Jason , Lambert Nicolas , Lee Woo-Sung , Liang Yongxiao , Malinina Elizaveta , Rieger Landon , von Salzen Knut , Seiler Christian , Seinen Clint , Shao Andrew , Sospedra-Alfonso Reinel , Wang Libo , Yang Duo
Published: November 2023

Abstract. The Canadian Earth System Model version 5.0 (CanESM5.0), the most recent major version of the global climate model developed at the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), has been used extensively in climate research and for providing future climate projections in the context of climate services. Previous studies have shown that CanESM5.0 performs well compared to other models and have revealed several model biases. To address these biases, the CCCma has recently initiated the “Analysis for Development” (A4D) activity, a coordinated analysis activity in support of CanESM development. Here we describe the goals and organization of this effort and introduce two variants (“p1” and “p2”) of a new CanESM version, CanESM5.1, which features important improvements as a result of the A4D activity. These improvements include the elimination of spurious stratospheric temperature spikes and an improved simulation of tropospheric dust. Other climate aspects of the p1 variant of CanESM5.1 are similar to those of CanESM5.0, while the p2 variant of CanESM5.1 features reduced equilibrium climate sensitivity and improved El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability as a result of intentional tuning of the atmospheric component. The A4D activity has also led to the improved understanding of other notable CanESM5.0 and CanESM5.1 biases, including the overestimation of North Atlantic sea ice, a cold bias over sea ice, biases in the stratospheric circulation and a cold bias over the Himalayas. It provides a potential framework for the broader climate community to contribute to CanESM development, which will facilitate further model improvements and ultimately lead to improved climate change information.
Flood drivers and trends: a case study of the Geul River Catchment (the Netherlands) over the past half century
Authors: Tsiokanos Athanasios , Rutten Martine , van der Ent Ruud J. , Uijlenhoet Remko
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Extreme precipitation in July 2021 caused devastating flooding in Germany, Belgium and in the Netherlands, particularly in the Geul river catchment. Such precipitation extremes were not recorded previously and were not expected to occur in summer. This contributed to poor flood forecast and hence to large damage. Climate change was mentioned as a potential explanation for these unprecedented events. Yet, before such a statement can be made, we need a better understanding of the drivers of floods in the Geul and their long-term variability, which are poorly understood and have not been examined recently. In this paper, we use an event-based approach to identify the dominant flood drivers in the Geul and employ a multi-temporal trend analysis to investigate their temporal variabilities, as well as, a novel methodology to detect the dominant direction of a trend. Results suggest that extreme 24-hour precipitation cannot solely lead to floods. Heavy multi-day precipitation is the primary high-flow driver in the catchment and the joint probability of heavy and prolonged rainfall with wet initial conditions (compound event) determines the chances of flooding. Critical precipitation (precipitation that leads to floods) shows a consistent increase in the winter half-year, a period in which more than 70 % of extremely high flows have occurred historically. While no consistent trend patterns are evident in the majority of precipitation and extreme flow trends in the summer half-year, an increasing direction in the recent past is visible.
Drought cascades across multiple systems in Central Asia identified based on the dynamic space–time motion approach
Authors: Tian Lu , Disse Markus , Huang Jingshui
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Drought is typically induced by the extreme water deficit stress that cascades through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. Cascading drought events could cause severe damage in multiple systems. However, identifying cascading drought connections considering the dynamic space–time progression remains challenging, which hinders further exploring the emergent patterns of drought cascades. This study proposes a novel framework for tracking drought cascades across multiple systems by utilizing dynamic space–time motion similarities. Our investigation focuses on the four primary drought types in Central Asia from 1980 to 2007, namely precipitation (PCP), evapotranspiration (ET), runoff, and root zone soil moisture (SM), representing the four systems of atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and soil layer respectively. A total of 503 cascading drought events are identified in this study, including the 261 four-system cascading drought events. Our results show a significant prevalence of the four-system cascading drought pattern in Central Asia with high systematic drought risk, mainly when seasonal PCP droughts with high severity/intensity and sizeable spatial extent are observed. As for the temporal order in the cascading drought events, ET droughts are likely to occur earlier than runoff droughts after PCP droughts, and SM droughts are more likely to occur at last, implying the integrated driven effect of the energy-limited and water-limited phases on the drought progression in Central Asia. Our proposed framework could attain precise internal spatial trajectories within each cascading drought event and enable the capture of space–time cascading connections across diverse drought systems and associated hazards. The identification of cascading drought patterns could provide a systematic understanding of the drought evolution across multiple systems under exacerbated global warming.
The evolution of isolated cavities and hydraulic connection at the glacier bed – Part 2: A dynamic viscoelastic model
Authors: Schoof Christian
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Many large-scale subglacial drainage models implicitly or explicitly assume that the distributed part of the drainage system consists of subglacial cavities. Few of these models, however, consider the possibility of hydraulic disconnection, where cavities exist but are not numerous or large enough to be pervasively connected with one another so that water can flow. Here I use a process-scale model for subglacial cavities to explore their evolution, focusing on the dynamics of connections that are made between cavities. The model uses a viscoelastic representation of ice and computes the pressure gradients that are necessary to move water around basal cavities as they grow or shrink. The latter model component sets the work here apart from previous studies of subglacial cavities and permits the model to represent the behaviour of isolated cavities as well as of uncavitated parts of the bed at low normal stress. I show that connections between cavities are made dynamically when the cavitation ratio (the fraction of the bed occupied by cavities) reaches a critical value due to decreases in effective pressure. I also show that existing simple models for cavitation ratio and for water sheet thickness (defined as mean water depth) fail to even qualitatively capture the behaviour predicted by the present model.
The monthly evolution of precipitation and warm conveyor belts during the central southwest Asia wet season
Authors: Breeden Melissa Leah , Hoell Andrew , Albers John Robert , Slinski Kimberly
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Understanding the nature of precipitation over central southwest Asia (CSWA), a data-sparse, semi-arid region, is important given its relation to agricultural productivity and the likelihood of hazards such as flooding. The present study considers how daily precipitation and local vertical motion – represented by warm conveyor belts (WCBs) – evolve from November to April over CSWA. First we compare several precipitation datasets, revealing that the seasonality of daily precipitation is consistent across estimates that incorporate satellite information, while total accumulation amounts differ substantially. A common feature across datasets is that the majority of precipitation occurs on the few days when area-averaged accumulation exceeds 4 mm, which are most frequent in February and March. The circulation pattern associated with heavy (< 4 mm d−1) precipitation days evolves within the wet season from a southwest–northeast tilted couplet of circulation anomalies in January and February to a neutrally tilted monopole pattern in April. El Niño conditions are associated with more heavy precipitation days than La Niña conditions, with both enhanced WCB frequency and moisture transport observed during the former. An exception to this is found in January, when precipitation, WCB frequency, and moisture do not increase, despite a similar increase in surface cyclones to other months, suggesting that precipitation changes cannot always be inferred from cyclone frequency changes. Nonetheless, our results generally support prior connections made between the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and seasonal-to-interannual precipitation anomalies and extend this connection to one between the slowly evolving ENSO influence and transient and local vertical motion represented by WCBs.
Brief communication: Real-time estimation of optimal tip-speed ratio for controlling wind turbines with degraded blades
Authors: Kumar Devesh , Rotea Mario
Published: November 2023

Abstract. Rotor performance is adversely affected by wear and tear of blade surfaces caused, for example, by rain, snow, icing, dirt, bugs, ageing, etc. Blade surface degradation changes the aerodynamic properties of the rotor, which in turn changes the optimal tip-speed ratio (TSR) and the corresponding maximum power coefficient. Below rated wind speed, if a turbine continues to operate at the manufacturer designed optimal TSR, the rotor power could decrease more than necessary unless the optimal TSR is corrected to compensate for blade degradation or other off-design conditions. Re-tuning the tip-speed ratio in these off-design conditions can lead to an improvement in energy capture. In this work, we describe a real-time algorithm to re-tune the tip-speed ratio to its optimal, but unknown, value under blade degradation. The algorithm uses power measurements only and a Log-of-Power Proportional-Integral Extremum Seeking Control (LP-PIESC) strategy to re-tune the TSR. The value of this algorithm is demonstrated using it to command the TSR set-point required by a generator speed control loop that maximizes power generated below rated wind speeds. Comparison of this solution with a baseline controller that uses the optimal TSR for a rotor with clean blades demonstrates improvements in energy capture between 0.5 % and 3.4 %, depending on the severity of blade degradation and the wind conditions. These results are obtained using the OpenFAST simulation tool, the NREL 5-MW reference turbine and the Reference Open-Source Controller developed by the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Eğitim Sürecinde Öğrenme Teorilerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KALKAN Gözde
Published: November 2023

Learning is a relatively constant change in human abilities that is not a result of the growth process. These abilities are associated with certain learning outcomes. At the end of the learning process, verbal knowledge, mental and motor skills, as well as attitudes and cognitive strategies are formed or developed. In an environment where knowledge is constantly changing, the competencies needed in educational life are also constantly differentiating. A competence that is valid and sought-after for today may lose its importance tomorrow. Therefore, the competencies that are possessed should be able to turn into the competencies that are needed in the future. Learning competence is a competence that is effective in gaining new competencies and transforming existing ones. Learning theories have been developed by a number of researchers in this regard in parallel with learning competence and processes. The purpose of developing these theories is to shed light on how learning processes are formed and how they develop through research, study and research. Because improving the abilities and learning capacities of employees in educational institutions is an indispensable condition for the institution to continue to exist. In the current period, it is becoming more difficult to find and hire human resources with the necessary qualifications and competencies every day. For this reason, organizations carry out training activities by determining the training needs of their existing employees. With the training activities, it is aimed to create changes in the work-related behavior of employees through learning. As the responsibilities and work areas of the employees participating in the training in an institution or organization change, the content and form of the training program will change accordingly. All these developments and initiatives are evaluated within the scope of learning processes. Key Words: Education, Learning, Learning Theories
Cashless Transactions Socioeconomic Determinants and Its Effectiveness in Livestock Marketing Activities among Livestock Marketers in Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: B. Nazifi , M.G. Garba , M. Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

The study analyzed cashless transactions socio-economic determinants and its effectiveness in livestock marketing activities among livestock marketers in Katsina State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was deployed to select and interview 366 livestock marketers. Descriptive statistics, likert scale and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze data collected. Majority (76.5%) of the livestock marketers were found to be engaged in cashless transactions. The livestock marketing in the study area is predominantly by male (100%) and married (96.45%) marketers of which most of them have some level of formal education ranging from primary (40.71%), secondary (19.94%) and tertiary education (28.43%). They have an average age of 47 years with an average experience of 21 years of marketing activities. Majority (88.25%) of them were also found to have annual income of 100,000 – 1,080,000 naira. Results further show that cashless transactions were effective only in animal selling transactions (M=3.079) and animal purchase transaction activity (M=2.349), among various livestock marketing activities. The result findings also revealed level of education (p<0.01), income of the marketers (p<0.05), cooperative members (p<0.01), and mobile phone ownership (p<0.01) to be the statistical significant factors influencing decision of livestock marketers participation in cashless transaction in the study area. Inadequate cash in circulation (98.09%), poor acceptance of transfer by some marketers (96.99%) and uncertainty of transaction success (96.72%) were major challenges of engagement in cashless transactions in the study area. It can therefore be recommended that mitigating challenges and improving contributing factors will enhance cashless transaction effectiveness in Livestock marketing activities.