bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Properties of Postpartum Quality of Life Questionnaires: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol
Authors: Mokhtarian-Gilani Tahereh , kariman Nourossadat , Sharif-Nia Hamid , Ahmadi-Doulabi Mahbobeh , Nasiri Malihe
Published: December 2020

Background:The postpartum quality of life refers to women's understanding of their standing in the postpartum crisis that differs depending on their health status, social support, cultural status and values, attitudes, goals and standards. The present systematic review will identify, describe, and critically assess the psychometric properties of postpartum quality of life questionnaires.Methods/Design:A systematic review will be conducted in databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from January 2000 to January 2020. The psychometric properties (validity and reliability) of the instruments used in the primary studies will be assessed, and the selection, methodological quality assessment and data extraction processes of the studies will be independently assessed by two reviewers with expertise in conducting systematic reviews, so as to minimize potential personal bias. Eligible resources are selected after any lack of consensus is put to debate.The risk of bias is assessed using the COSMIN RISK of Bias checklist, and to evaluate the quality of the studies, the protocol is written based on the PRISMA-P1 standards. The results of the studies will be judged based on good measurement properties, and the results of all the studies are qualitatively summarized to produce a reference for the general quality of the results. The general quality of the evidence will be determined using a modified GRADE method.Discussion:This study assessed the psychometric properties of questionnaires used for assessing postpartum quality of life and its results can be used to identify the most appropriate tool for health applications in measuring postpartum quality of life. Systematic review registration: reference number in PROSPRO CRD42020166301
Effects of Different Integrase Inhibitors on Body Weight in Patients with HIV/AIDS: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bai Ruojing , Lv Shiyun , Wu Hao , Dai Lili
Published: December 2020

Background: Global antiretroviral therapy has entered the era of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI). Because INSTIs have the advantages of high antiviral efficacy, rapid virus inhibition, and good tolerance, they have become the first choice in international acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treatment guidelines. However, they may also increase the risk of obesity. There are differences in the effects of different INSTIs on weight gain in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection / AIDS patients, but there is no evidence-based medical evidence. This study aimed to assess the effect of different INSTIs on body weight in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang databases were searched by computer to screen the relevant literature on INSTI treatment of HIV/AIDS patients, extract the data on weight changes in the literature, and perform network meta-analysis using Stata16.0 software.Results: Eight articles reported weight changes in HIV/AIDS patients, and weight gain was higher after treatment with dolutegravir (DTG) than with elvitegravir (EVG) in HIV/AIDS patients, and the difference was statistically significant [MD = 1.13, (0.18, 2.07)]. The network meta-analysis's consistency test results showed no overall and local inconsistency, and there was no significant difference in the results of the direct and indirect comparison (P > 0.05). The rank order of probability was DTG (79.2%) > Bictegravir (BIC) (77.9%) > Raltegravir (RAL) (33.2%) > EVG (9.7%), suggesting that DTG may be the INSTI drug that causes the most significant weight gain in HIV/AIDS patients.Conclusion: According to the literature data analysis, among the existing INSTIs, DTG may be the drug that causes the highest weight gain in HIV/AIDS patients, followed by BIC.
Clinical Characteristics of Mechanically Ventilated Patients Treated in Non-ICU Settings in Japan: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Iwashita Yoshiaki , Morimoto Shinnosuke , Koyabu Sukenari , Maruyama Kazuo , Imai Hiroshi
Published: December 2020

Background:The number of patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) is increasing worldwide. Patients requiring MV are commonly managed in an intensive care unit (ICU); however, Japan is unique in that many of these patients are treated in non-ICU settings. The characteristics of these patients, nevertheless, are unknown. We sought to identify disease severity and MV settings of patients in non-ICU settings in Japan.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of Kinan Hospital and Owase General Hospital, where there are no ICUs or ICU physicians. Data for adult patients who required MV for more than 3 d from January through December 2018 in those hospitals were collected.Results:A total of 171 patients received MV; 29 patients were treated for more than 3 d. Of that subset, the mortality rate was 44.8% (13 patients). Thirteen patients survived to discharge, and three were transferred to a higher-level facility. The median age of patients treated for more than 3 d was 80 (72–84) years. The mean Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 20.9 ± 8.1, and predicted mortality was 0.42 ± 0.25. Tidal volume per predicted body weight was 8.8 ± 2.1 mL/kg; set inspiratory time was 1.6 ± 0.3 sec. Preventable non-ICU death (patients who might have been saved if treated in an ICU setting), was 10.3%.Conclusions:The overall mortality of patients treated with MV in a non-ICU setting in the East Kishu area was not inferior to the mortality if they had been treated in an ICU; however, MV settings should be improved.
Non- Specific Low Back Pain among Nurses in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elmannan Abeer Abuzeid Atta , AlHindi Hajar A. , AlBaltan Reema I. , AlSaif Mariah S. , AlMazyad Nouf S. , AlZurayer Ruba K. , AlRumayh Shouq S.
Published: December 2020

Background: Non-specific Low back pain (LBP) is a complex and multifactorial health problem. Evidence has shown that LBP is an important occupational hazard and nurses are particularly at high risk. While several studies have addressed the prevalence of LBP worldwide, the prevalence of LBP in Saudi Arabia remains unclear. In this study we aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of LBP among nurses in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a multicenter cross-sectional study carried out in four major public hospitals in Qassim region. A total of 323 nurses were recruited through a two-stage sampling method. A previously validated questionnaire was used to gather data. The main outcome measures were; LBP prevalence during working life, demographic factors, life-style factors, work-related factors and psychological factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with LBP. Results: The study showed that LBP prevalence was 65.6%. Over one third of study participants sought treatment for LBP (38.7%). Age and the type of ward were found significantly associated with LBP (aOR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.77; p value=0.007) & (aOR: 0.36; 95%CI: 0.15, 0.86; p value =0.02), respectively. However, gender, working hours, number of patients, stress and smoking were not identified as LBP risk factors in this study.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that LBP is a highly prevalent occupational health problem among nurses in Qassim. The highest LBP prevalence in this study was found among nurses aged 20-30 year. Nurses working in the general surgery wards showed a lower risk for LBP. On-the-job training is essential particularly for new and young nurses on proper body mechanics when mobilizing patients or lifting heavy equipment. In addition, there is a need for evidence –based interventions to improve the work-place environment for nurses in hospitals in order to lower LBP prevalence.
DAMPAK NEGATIF PENGGUNAAN GADGET BERDASARKAN ASPEK PERKEMBANGAN ANAK DI SOROWAKO
Authors: Damayanti Eka , Ahmad Arifuddin , Bara Ardias
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dampak negatif penggunaan gadget berdasarkan aspek perkembangan anak di Sorowako Kecamatan Nuha. Penelitian kuantitatif jenis survei ini memiliki populasi ibu rumah tangga sebanyak 120 ibu-ibu yang terhimpun dalam majelis taklim se-Kecamatan Nuha. Sampel sebanyak 19 orang yang terpilih secara random. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan skala dampak gadget yang terbagi ke dalam aspek perkembangan anak. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya gejala dampak negatif yang dialami oleh anak di Sorowako ditinjau dari aspek perkembangan fisik psikomotorik, agama dan moral, kognitif, sosial dan emosi, bahasa dan seni anak.
The Position of Women in the Military: Ethnic Tamil Female Combatants in the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
Authors: Laksmono Miranti Dian
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses various factors behind the ethnic Tamil women who decided to join the terrorist militia group, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), in the northern and southeastern parts of Sri Lanka. In this discussion it is known that there are three factors that affect the decision of Tamil women ​​to join the LTTE, namely: first, the existence of the Tamil community as an ethnic minority. Second, the occurrence of mass sexual violence and abuse among Tamil women, perpetuated by the Sri Lanka’s majority ethnic group. Finally, the decision of Tamil women to join LTTE is due to the pressure that structurally and culturally appears in communities in conflictual areas. Through these three factors, Tamil women ​​then chose to leave their comfort zone and reconstructed their identity by joining the LTTE terrorist militia group. In this case, the involvement of female LTTE combatants in Sri Lanka is not only an attempt to eradicate negative views regarding femininity through military activities, but also a symbol of successful self-liberalization from the practice of gender oppression in conflict situations
KETERLIBATAN AYAH DALAM PENGASUHAN ANAK DENGAN SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER
Authors: Siron Yubaedi
Published: December 2020

Father involvement in parenting is an important factor in the process of child development. However, the involvement of fathers in childcare is very low. The objective of this study is to explore and find out how fathers are involved in parenting of  children with separation anxiety disorder. This research uses a qualitative approach. Collecting data in this study using structured interviews. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Participants in this study were 3 fathers who have children with Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASD). The results showed that the involvement of fathers in childcare plays an important role in the development of children with ASD. Fathers have done a good role in parenting for ASD children, as well as a good relationship between father and children with ASD. Fathers have varied activities to stimulate their ASD children, as well as positive communication by fathers to their children. Fathers give good understanding to their children and provide follow-up on their parenting involvement.
TPACK SEBAGAI BEKAL GURU PAI DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0
Authors: Ajizah Imroatul , Huda Muhammad Nurul
Published: December 2020

Peserta didik abad 21 merupakan generasi yang paling akrab dengan teknologi dibanding dengan generasi sebelumnya. Dengan mengetahui hal tersebut, penting untuk guru mengintegrasikan teknologi ke dalam pembelajaran guna mengimbangi kebutuhan dan kondisi peserta didik di era saat ini. Namun, pengintegrasian teknologi tidak akan efektif jika tidak dibarengi dengan kemampuan pedagogi dan pengetahuan materi pembelajaran yang memadai, karena ketiga hal tersebut merupakan kerangka yang saling berkaitan satu sama lain. Pandangan transformatif ini menampilkan sifat dinamis dari interkoneksi konten, pedagogi, dan teknologi dalam konteks pendidikan menuju pengembangan pengetahuan yang disebut sebagai TPACK. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literatur review dengan cara menelusuri berbagai referensi yang berkaitan dengan judul. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa TPACK memiliki peran yang sangat penting sebagai bekal guru dalam pembelajaran PAI. Dengan menguasai TPACK, guru PAI dapat menyajikan pembelajaran yang inovatif dan kreatif, serta efektif di dalam kelas sehingga peserta didik dengan mudah memahami pembelajaran yang sedang berlangsung. Hal ini berdampak pada meningkatnya kualitas pembelajaran PAI.
Dissipative flow equations
Authors: Rosso Lorenzo , Iemini Fernando , Schirò Marco , Mazza Leonardo
Published: December 2020

We generalize the theory of flow equations to open quantum systems focusing on Lindblad master equations.
We introduce and discuss three different generators of the flow that transform a linear non-Hermitian operator into a diagonal one.
We first test our dissipative flow equations on a generic matrix and on a physical problem with a driven-dissipative single fermionic mode. We then move to problems with many fermionic modes and discuss the interplay between coherent (disordered) dynamics and localized losses.
Our method can also be applied to non-Hermitian Hamiltonians.
George Chapman’s Caesar and Pompey and Cato as the Mediator
Authors: ÖZKAN Hediye
Published: December 2020

The classical Roman past has been a rich source for the playwrights who desire to make literary connections between the ancient political characters and real life figures. George Chapman, a neglected playwright of the seventeenth century, uses the Roman Empire allegory in Caesar and Pompey: A Roman Tragedy (1631) to respond to the political dissagreements which lead England into the Civil War. Through Caesar and Pompey, Chapman conveys possible scenarios that correspond to specific political events in the history of early modern England. Using new historicism as a theoretical framework, this paper analyzes Chapman’s play as a political allegory of the dispute between Charles I and Parliamentarians, leading the three kingdoms into war in 1642. Drawing a parallel between the Roman republic depicted in the play and the specific moments of early modern world, this paper discusses how Cato acts as Chapman’s mouthpiece and the ardent supporter of political negotiation rather than conflict. Thus, the paper contributes to the scholarship about Chapman who uses the history of Roman republic as a warning for the future of English politics during the Elizabethan period.
Latîfî Tezkiresini Derkenardan Okumak: Tezkirenin Râşid Efendi Nüshasındaki Notlar Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: ŞAHİN Oğuzhan
Published: December 2020

Türk tezkirecilik geleneğinin önemli metinlerinden sayılan Latîfî Tezkiresi kaleme alındığı ilk yıllardan itibaren bazı eleştirilerin hedefi olmuştur. Tezkirenin Kayseri Râşid Efendi nüshasındaki kayıtlardan anlaşıldığına göre Latîfî’ye dair bu eleştiriler kendi döneminde de sözde kalmamış ve tezkireyi çeşitli açılardan tamamlayıcı “notlar” olarak Râşid Efendi nüshasının derkenarlarına işlenmiştir. Bahsi geçen notlar tezkirenin bütününe yayılmış vaziyettedir. Mahiyet itibarıyla ise bu notlarda ya Latîfî tarafından tezkiredeki şairlerin tespit edilemeyen şiirlerinden örnekler verilmekte ya da çeşitli şairlere dair kimi zaman magazinsel bir tarafı da olan satır arası bilgiler sunulmaktadır. Râşid Efendi’nin derkenarlarına kaydedilmiş bu notları kimin tuttuğu kesin olarak belli değildir. Ancak tezkirenin ilk versiyonu sayılan bu nüsha üzerindeki bazı çalışmalarda notları düşen kişinin Latîfî olabileceği iddia edilmiştir. Bu yazıda Râşid Efendi nüshasındaki notlar mahiyet, muhteva, güvenilirlik, kim tarafından ve niçin tutulduğu gibi noktalarda ele alınmış ve bunlarla Latîfî Tezkiresi arasında organik bir bağ olup olmadığı hususu tartışılmıştır.
Challenging Class Barriers in Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park
Authors: ERDEN Yalçın
Published: December 2020

Jane Austen can be regarded as an author renowned for her conventional novels at first glance. Nevertheless, reading Austen in a profound way reveals that there lies a hidden critical voice against the irregularities of society. In this article, the novel, Mansfield Park, is analysed to demonstrate how the author interrogates class as a constructed notion by employing unusual techniques which are reminiscent of postmodernist devices. After the function of ex-centric characters, Fanny Price and James Rushworth, is focused on, the role of the intertextual references employed by Austen in unearthing artificial class distinctions is examined. It is concluded that the author implicitly challenges the class-oriented social system of her age.
II. Abdülhamit Dönemine Ait İki Farklı Japon Alfabesi ve Türkçe Transliterasyonlarındaki Sorunlar Üzerine
Authors: GENÇER BALOĞLU Zeynep
Published: December 2020

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ile Japonya arasındaki ilk resmî temaslar 1870’li yıllarda başlamış, 1890 yılında yaşanan Ertuğrul Faciası’ndan sonra ilişkiler artarak devam etmiştir. 1890'da Türk firkateyni Ertuğrul Japonya açıklarında batmış ve hayatta kalanlar Japon kruvazörleri tarafından İstanbul'a getirilmiştir. Kazazedelerle birlikte İstanbul’a gelen Noda Shōtarō isimli Japon gazetecinin padişah II. Abdülhamit’in isteği üzerine İstanbul’da kalarak bir yandan Türkçe öğrenirken diğer yandan Mekteb-i Harbiye-i Şahane’de Türk subaylara Japonca öğrettiği ve Jiji Shinpo adlı Japon gazetesinde çalışmaya devam ettiği bilinmektedir. 2018 yılının ocak ayına kadar Noda ve öğrencilerinin faaliyetlerinden Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda Japonca eğitiminin eğitim öğretim çıktısı olarak değerlendirilebilecek 4 adet mektup dışında veri bulunmamaktaydı. 2018 yılında Prof. Dr. Ali Merthan Dündar’ın Mecmua-ı Lügat adlı eseri bilim dünyasına tanıtmasıyla 125 yıl aradan sonra Noda ve öğrencilerinin çalışmalarının önemli bir kısmı daha gün yüzüne çıkmış oldu. Bu çalışmada, Dündar’ın tanıtımına kadar Osmanlı’da ilk Japonca yayın olarak bilinen ancak Noda ve öğrencileriyle ilgisi olmayan Japon Elifbası (1908) ile Mecmua-ı Lügat’te (1893) yer alan Hiragana alfabesi karşılaştırılmıştır. Nitel araştırmaya dayalı çalışmamızda karşılaştırma sonucunda on beş yıl arayla yazılmış bu alfabelerin Türkçe transliterasyonlarında kayda değer farklılıklar olduğu saptanmıştır.
Dünya Klasiklerini Blog Tasarımı Yoluyla Okuma Deneyimi -Bir Uygulama Çalışması-
Authors: ERDOĞDU Funda , ESKİMEN Ayşe Derya
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırma, öğretmen adaylarının bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri (BİT) kullanımı ve eleştirel okumaya ilişkin öz yeterlilik düzeylerini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada hem nicel hem de nitel yöntemler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, 2018-2019 güz döneminde Dünya Edebiyatı dersini alan Türkçe Öğretmenliği Lisans Programı üçüncü sınıf öğrencilerinden toplanan veriler kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmada öğretmen adaylarından dünya edebiyatının klasiklerinden birini okumaları ve okudukları çalışma ile ilgili bir blog hazırlamaları istenmiştir. 14 hafta süren uygulama ve araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının BİT kullanımı ve eleştirel okumaya ilişkin öz yeterlik düzeyleri araştırmada kullanılan ölçeğe göre “yeterli” olarak belirlenmiştir. Nitel verilerden elde edilen bulgular ile nicel verilerden elde edilen bulguların tutarlı olduğu görülmüştür. Öğretmen adaylarının blogda yayın yapmaktan ve düşüncelerini paylaşmaktan keyif aldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Öğretmen adaylarının yazma becerilerinin blog yazma deneyimi sonrasında geliştiği görülmüştür.
Türk ve Dünya Edebiyatından Eserlerin Doğal Dil İşlemeyle İncelenmesi
Authors: KARACA Mehmet Fatih , BAYIR Şafak
Published: December 2020

Yayınevleri tarafından ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise seviyesindeki öğrenciler için okuma kitapları hazırlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ortaokul öğrencilerine yönelik olan eserler kullanılmıştır. 5 yayınevinden aynı isimli 5 Türk ve 5 dünya edebiyatından eser, doğal dil işleme teknikleriyle Türkçe dil bilgisi kuralları çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Bu çalışmayla eserlerin yazımında ve eserlerdeki Türkçe kullanımında yayınevleri arasındaki farklılık ve benzerlikleri tespit etmek, aynı zamanda Türkçenin kullanım özelliklerini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. İşlemlerin gerçekleştirilmesinde geliştirilen yazılım ve Türkçe doğal dil işleme kütüphanesi Zemberek kullanılmıştır. Eserlerin analiziyle elde edilen sonuçlar 5 yayınevinde oransal olarak benzeşmektedir ve yayınevleri arasındaki farklılıklar genel anlamda düşük seviyededir. Yalnızca çözümlenemeyen kelime sayısı, eserlerin ortalama cümle sayısı, eserlerdeki ortalama kelime sayısı, cümledeki ortalama kelime sayısı ve noktalama işaretlerinin (nokta ve virgül) kullanım oranında yayınevleri arasında ayrışma görülmektedir. Tüm eserler birlikte değerlendirildiğinde cümledeki ortalama kelime sayısı 6.45, kelimedeki ortalama harf sayısı 5.97 ve kelimenin ortalama hece sayısı 2.55’tir. Eserlerde en fazla kullanılan harfler A, E ve İ; en az kullanılanlar J, F ve P’dir. Kelimeler en çok B, K ve D; en az J, I ve L harfleriyle başlamakta ve en çok N, E ve A; en az C, B ve J harfleriyle bitmektedir. En çok kullanılan hece tipi sessiz-sesli, en az kullanılan hece tipi sesli-sessiz-sessizdir. Kelimelerin çoğunluğu ünlü ve ünsüz uyumuna uymaktadır. Ayrıca kelimelerin yaklaşık yarısı isim türünde ve ek almadan kullanılmıştır. Çekim eklerinin toplam kullanım sayısı yapım eklerinin toplam kullanım sayısından fazladır. 17 noktalama işaretinden 12 tanesi eserlerde yer almaktadır. Bununla birlikte farklı yayınevleri tarafından hazırlanıp yayımlanan aynı isimli eser içeriklerinin kısmen veya bütünüyle farklılaşabildiği görülmektedir.
Yazıtlar Işığında Isaurıa Yerleşimi Astra’nın (Temaşalık) Politik ve Sosyo-Kültürel Durumu
Authors: KURT Mehmet , ATCI Esra
Published: December 2020

Astra, bir Isauria yerleşimi olup Konya iline bağlı Hadim ilçesinin yaklaşık 7 km kuzeybatısında Bolat yaylasında bulunan Temaşalık kalıntılar sahasına lokalize edilmektedir. Isauria’nın başkenti Isaura’ya (Zengibar Kalesi) bağlı büyük bir kome (köy) olduğu anlaşılan Astra’dan çok sayıda yazıt yayımlanmıştır. MS 1.-3. yüzyıllara tarihlendirilen söz konusu yazıtlar, Astra’nın zengin bir kırsal yerleşim olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Astra yazıtları, Isauria’daki bir Roma dağ köyünde rahiplerin dini ve idari konularda aktif rol aldıkları teokratik yanı ağır basan bir siyasal yapının varlığını ortaya koymaktadır. Yine söz konusu yazıtlar vasıtasıyla Astra’da bir bölümü euergesia uygulamasıyla inşa edilmiş önemli yapıların varlığı da belgelenmektedir. Astra’dan yayımlanmış yazıtlarda geçen şahıs isimleri yerleşimin demografik yapısı ve Roma kültürünün sosyal yaşam üzerine etkileri konusunda da önemli sayılabilecek ipuçları vermektedir. Astra’da dini hayata dair yazıtlar çoğunlukta olup söz konusu yazıtlarla bir çok rahibin varlığı belgelenmektedir. Yine yazıtlar sayesinde Astra’da Zeus, Plouton, Poseidon ve Hera kültlerinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Bütün bunlar ise yerleşimde dini yapının zenginliğine ve çeşitliliğine işaret etmektedir.
Çocukluk Sosyolojisinin Tarihsel Gelişimi ve Kuramsal Temelleri
Authors: ERDOĞAN Türkan , VAKIF Bilge
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışma, “geleneksel” çocukluk sosyolojisinden “yeni” çocukluk sosyolojisine doğru evrilen çocukluk sosyolojisinin gelişme çizgisini, çocuğa yönelik yeni eğilimlerini ve kuramsal temellerinin nasıl biçimlendiğini tahlil etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Literatür taramasına ve değerlendirmesine dayalı olarak gerçekleştirilen çalışma, amacı doğrultusunda kuramsal bir nitelik arz etmektedir. Çocuk ve çocukluk dönemine ilişkin çalışmalar yapan çocukluk sosyolojisi, sosyoloji disiplini içerisinde tarihsel, kültürel, politik vb. koşullar sebebiyle daha geç tarihsel bir dönemde gelişmiştir. Geleneksel çocukluk sosyolojisi “sosyalizasyon” paradigması üzerinden gelişirken, yeni çocukluk sosyolojisi, “toplumsal aktör/toplumsal inşa olarak çocuk” anlayışı çerçevesinde gelişmiştir. Feminist hareketler, çocuk haklarının gelişimi, çocuğa yönelik yeni sosyolojik yaklaşımlar, çocukluk sosyolojisi anlayışını yeniden biçimlendiren gelişmeler olmuştur.1990’lı yıllardan itibaren çocuklara yönelik sosyolojik çalışmaların artması, çocuk araştırma merkezlerinin kurulması ve çocukluk konusunun sosyoloji bölüm programlarında yer alması, yeni çocukluk sosyolojisi çalışmalarının gelişimini hızlandırmıştır. Sonuç olarak, söz konusu toplumsal gelişmelerin etkisinin yanı sıra çocukluk sosyolojisi alanındaki mevcut literatüre ilişkin değerlendirmeler, bu disiplinin olgunlaşma sürecini halen yaşamakta olduğunu göstermektedir. Çocukluk sosyolojisinin gerek konuları bakımından çok boyutlu ve derinlikli bir yapı arz etmesi, gerekse beslendiği inceleme alanının disiplinlerarası bir içerikte olması onun gelişim mecrasını belirlemede ve yönlendirmede etkili olmaktadır.
Sustainability of a firm’s market strategy
Authors: Voronin Anatolii , Gunko Olga , Аfanasieva Lidiia
Published: December 2020

The work is focused on solving a set of problems related to the functioning of the enterprise (firm) in a competitive market environment. The stability of the firm in market conditions is determined by the ability to optimally manage available resources, effective planning for timely promotion of new products, the ability to adequately respond to challenges posed by sudden changes in market conditions. An important factor in achieving economic stability of the enterprise is the presence of the internal concept of self-development, which combines two main functions - marketing and management system (management). In this article the methodology of economic and mathematical modeling of a market condition of firm as process of interaction of functions of marketing and management has received the further development. A model is proposed, which is built in line with the paradigm of economic synergetics and is a system of two nonlinear ordinary differential equations. It is proved that in this situation the classical linear principle of superposition loses its relevance and does not allow the application of the traditional apparatus of econometric analysis. Therefore, the most important for the implementation of the practice of economic forecasting is the construction of areas of stability of the equilibrium of the firm. According to the results of the study, the emphasis is placed on the need to develop criteria for the proximity of system parameters to the dangerous limits of loss of stability by the firm, during the transition through which the economic system changes its dynamic mode catastrophically. A key place in the work is given to determining the parameters of cyclic processes, indicating the amplitude, frequency and nature of the stability of periodic trajectories. The presented results of numerical modeling have practical value and can be used for the analysis and forecasting of parameters at separate stages of the corresponding periodic modes of functioning of the enterprises with various types of stability.
Inhibitors of social media as an innovative tool for advertising and marketing communication: evidence from SMES in a developing country
Authors: Amoah John , Bashiru Jibril Abdul
Published: December 2020

Innovative marketing has given rise to practitioners’ and scholars’ attention in the 21st-century market. Given this, social media marketing has become the order of the day when accessing modern tools for marketing communication. However, the adoption of this innovation comes with its associated challenges, particularly, from a developing country perspective. Against this background, this study sought to examine the inhibitors characterized in the application of social media channels as an innovative tool for advertising and communication among SMEs (small and medium enterprises) in Ghana. For study results to be achieved, a quantitative research approach with a questionnaire of 650 was distributed among managerial staff of the fashion industry in the central part of Ghana of which 512 respondents were duly received and correctly filled for data processing and analysis. Results from the partial least square structural equation method (PLS-SEM), showed that despite the importance of innovation, lack of managerial skills/marketing expertise, perceived cost, regular systems/links upgrade, and financial constraints are significant inhibiting factors affecting the application of social media as advertising and communication tools among SMEs in developing economy. Interestingly, the findings further showed that ’company’s size’ as well as ’availability of social media channel/tool’ significantly control for the outcome variable (internet/social media) as a marketing communication tool.
AcknowledgmentThis work is supported by Tomas Bata University in Zlin through; IGA/FaME/2019/002: The role of the institutional environment in fostering entrepreneurship, and further supported by IGA/FaME/2020/002 and IGA/FaME/2019/008. The authors are thankful to Prof. Jaroslav Belás, Prof. Boris Popesko, and Prof. Miloslava Chovancová for their guidance towards developing this manuscript.
 
Factors Contributing to Low Tuberculosis Detection Rates among Children Accessing Health Services in Selected Public Sector Health Facilities in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tachiwenyika Emmanuel
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Zimbabwe is one of 8 African countries with high per capita incidence of TB, TB/HIV and multi-drug resistant TB. Zimbabwe experienced a proportionate decline in childhood TB contribution to all notifications from 9% in 2011 to 5% in 2017. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 public sector health facilities. Data were collected from healthcare workers (HCWs) using structured questionnaires, interview guide for health managers and data abstraction tool for childhood TB data in registers. Protocol received ethical approval and written informed consent was obtained from participants. Results: Eighty-one HCWs and 18 managers were interviewed; data for 21,791 children were abstracted. About 3.1% of children were screened for TB, and 63.2% of presumptive TB children had TB diagnostic tests. A majority (71.9%) of TB tests were conducted on the Gen Xpert MTB Rif platform. Thirty-one out of 335 children with TB tests were diagnosed with TB, and 93.5% were initiated on treatment. Seven facilities offered TB testing, 5 had TB guidelines and 5 had pediatric TB job aides. Five out of 7 microscopes and 4/7 GeneXpert machines were functional. About 64.1% of HCWs had childhood TB training, 51% had ever received mentorship on childhood TB management, 53.1% had ever collected childhood TB diagnosis specimen and 23.3% had ever initiated children on TB treatment. Discussion: Childhood TB screening and diagnosis was suboptimal, and this was a result of low healthcare worker capacity, shortage and breakdown of TB diagnostic machines and weak TB diagnostic sample transportation system.
An Assessment of Childhood Tuberculosis Detection in Public Sector Health Facilities in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tachiwenyika Emmanuel
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Zimbabwe has consistently failed to meet the World Health Organization’s target of 10 to 15% of Tuberculosis (TB) notifications being children below 15 years, with the country experiencing a proportionate decline in childhood TB contribution to national notifications from 9% in 2011 to 5% in 2017. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in 20 public sector health facilities across 4 districts. We abstracted childhood TB screening, diagnosis and treatment data from facility registers for the year 2019. Study was approved by local ethics committee and a waiver of consent was obtained for accessing patient data. Results: Data for 21,791 children who accessed health services were abstracted, and 1,116 had documented TB management data. Overall, 3.1% of children were screened for TB; 0.8% for children below 5 years, 5.2% for ages 5-9, and 7.3% for ages 10-14 years. TB screening was significantly higher in referral (6.9%) than primary level (1.7%) facilities (p<0.05). About 63.2% of presumptive TB children had TB diagnostic tests; 51.2% for children below 5 years, 55.8% for ages 5-9 and 71.4% for ages 10-14 years. A majority (71.9%) of tests were conducted on GeneXpert MTB Rif platform and 17.9% were by microscopy. About 9.3% of tested children were diagnosed with TB, and 93.5% of these were initiated on treatment. Treatment outcomes for 65% of eligible children were evaluated. Conclusion: TB screening and diagnostic testing for children below 5 years was very low. There is need to screen all children presenting to primary level facilities.
Factors Contributing to the Occurrence of Leptospirosis, and the Impact on Public Health in Saint Lucia 2008-2019
Authors: Emmanuel Edward L.
Published: December 2020

Leptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and animals. The causative agent is a spirochete of the genus Leptospira. In humans, it causes a wide range of symptoms, however, asymptomatic presentation is not uncommon. Without proper treatment, leptospirosis can lead to kidney damage, meningitis, liver failure, and respiratory distress. Death may occur in some patients. The aim of the study is to identify the factors contributing to the occurrence of leptospirosis, and the impact on public health in Saint Lucia 2008-2019. The study design is a mixed – method, comprising quantitative and qualitative data. A stratified sampling design using probability proportionate to size sampling at the settlement level was used. Secondary data on the incidence of leptospirosis were obtained from the Ministry of Health, and rainfall data were obtained from the Meteorology Office. Analysis of the data reveals several factors contributing to the occurrence of leptospirosis in Saint Lucia: poor garbage disposal; a large rodent population with easy access to garbage; and a lack of knowledge of leptospirosis. The impact on public health is manifested in the mortality and morbidity of individuals primarily men, and the health, social, and economic impact on the country. Reducing the impact of leptospirosis on the individual and country necessitates an island wide multi - sectoral control and prevention educational programme; an evaluation of the collection, storage, and disposal of household garbage; and the enforcement of legislation governing the proper collection, storage and disposal of garbage.
Assessing the impact of PET estimation methods on hydrologic model performance
Authors: Jayathilake Dilhani Ishanka , Smith Tyler
Published: December 2020

Evapotranspiration is a necessary input and one of the most uncertain hydrologic variables for quantifying the water balance. Key to accurately predicting hydrologic processes, particularly under data scarcity, is the development of an understanding of the regional variation of the impact of potential evapotranspiration (PET) data inputs on model performance and parametrization. This study explores this impact using four different potential evapotranspiration products (of varying quality). For each data product, a lumped conceptual rainfall–runoff model (GR4J) is tested on a sample of 57 catchments included in the MOPEX data set. Monte Carlo sampling is performed, and the resulting parameter sets are analyzed to understand how the model responds to differences in the forcings. Test catchments are classified as energy- or water-limited using the Budyko framework and by eco-region, and the results are further analyzed. While model performance (and parameterization) in water-limited sites was found to be largely unaffected by the differences in the evapotranspiration inputs, in energy-limited sites model performance was impacted as model parameterizations were clearly sensitive to evapotranspiration inputs. The quality/reliability of PET data required to avoid negatively impacting rainfall–runoff model performance was found to vary primarily based on the water and energy availability of catchments.
A systematic review of microorganisms as indicators of recreational water quality in natural and drinking water systems
Authors: Lugo José Luis , Lugo Elkyn Rafael , Puente Mario de la
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this review was to highlight the most frequent biological indicators used to estimate the microbiological quality of drinking and recreational water. It was observed that the incorporation of other microbiological indicators should be considered to strengthen the decision-making process on water quality management and guarantee its safe consumption in recreational activities.
Biochemical pathways and enhanced degradation of dioctyl phthalate (DEHP) by sodium alginate immobilization in MBR system
Authors: Zhang Ke , Wu Xiangling , Luo Hongbing , Wang Wei , Yang Siqiao , Chen Jian , Chen Wei , Chen Jia , Mo You , Li Lin
Published: December 2020

As one of the most representative endocrine disrupting compounds, dioctyl phthalate (DEHP) is difficult to remove due to its bio-refractory characteristic. In this study, an immobilization technology was applied in an MBR system to improve the degradation of DEHP. The degradation efficiency of DEHP was significantly improved and the number of degradation genes increased by 1/3. A bacterial strain that could effectively degrade DEHP was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus sp. The degradation pathway of DEHP was analyzed by GC-MS. DEHP was decomposed into phthalates (DBP) and Diuretic sylycol (DEP), then further to Phthalic acid (PA). PA was oxidized, dehydrogenated, and decarboxylated into protocatechins, further entered the TCA cycle through orthotopic ring opening. The DEHP degrading strain was immobilized by sodium alginate and calcium chloride under the optimized immobilization conditions, and added to MBR systems. The removal rate of DEHP (5 mg/L) (91.9%) and the number of 3, 4-dioxygenase gene copies was significantly improved by adding immobilized bacteria. Micromonospora, Rhodococcus, Bacteroides and Pseudomonas were the dominant genuses, and the results of bacterial community structure analysis show that immobilization technology is beneficial to system stability. The results showed the potential applications of the immobilized technique in DEHP wastewater treatment in MBR.
Serological evidence and spatial analysis of small ruminant lentiviruses in herds in Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Soares Rafael Rodrigues , Viana Júnior Francisco Alberto Moraes , Soares Diego Moraes , Rocha Thais Bastos , Sousa Leandro Henrique Veiga de , Santos Hamilton Pereira , Pereira Helder de Moraes
Published: December 2020

Caprine arthritis encephalitis and Maedi-Visnaare lentiviruses affecting goats and sheep, respectively. Despite the literature having studies about these diseases, there is a constant demand and the need to study the health status of flocks that exploit economically. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the frequency of small ruminant lentiviruses explored in regional locations of Chapadinha and Itapecuru Mirim, that compose the microregion of Low Parnaíba, Maranhão, Brazil, as well as analyze the spatial distribution of outbreaks in the studied regions. Therefore, 241 properties were visited, where blood was collected in 1150 sheep and 1260 goats and tested by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID). Epidemiological questionnaire was applied and collected the geographic coordinates. There was a low frequencyfor lentivirus, with 0.39% (5/1260) of goats and 0.08% (1/1150) of sheep. Regarding the spatial analysis, the reagent flocks were distributed in strategic cities for commercialization throughout the microregion. There was a low occurrence of lentiviruses.The municipalities of Cantanhede and Pirapemas of the regional of Itapecuru Mirimand Brejo and Magalhães de Almeida had reagent flocks for CAE. Whereas the municipality of Matões do Norte presented flock reagent to Maedi-Visna, this belonging to the regional of Chapadinha.
Epidemiological aspects of 306 emergency cases of small animals seen at a veterinary school hospital
Authors: Gonçalvez Lucas Alaião , Barreto José Victor Pronievicz , Silva Natalino Ferreira da , Campos Olga Pedroso Silva , Yamanaka Andreia Rizzieri , Kemper Daniella Aparecida Godoi , Rego Fabíola Cristine de Almeida , Amude Alexandre Mendes
Published: December 2020

The deficiencies in the screening protocols and the paucity of epidemiological studies aimed at emergency care contribute to a generalist emergency approach, without focusing on the most common causes and injuries of emergency admissions in veterinary practice. Thus, we aimed to retrospectively study the epidemiological aspects of emergency cases in dogs and cats under routine care at a veterinary school hospital at University X over 24 months (June 2012–June 2014). During this period, 328 cases were considered as emergencies, of which 306 were included in the study. The main causes of emergency admissions in both species were trauma, followed by hypovolemic shock. The third cause differed between species, the most common being neurological emergencies in dogs and urinary emergencies in cats. Knowledge of emergency epidemiological data in the pet clinic is essential for clinical surveillance, case screening, early diagnosis, rapid therapeutic intervention, and avoiding losses in the waiting rooms of veterinary emergency medicine.
Feline plasm cell pododermatitis: case report
Authors: Strack Adriane , Moretto Luana , Di Concilio Carla , Zimermann Francielli Cordeiro , Ramos Adriano Tony , Guedes Rogério Luizari , Pereira Marcy Lancia
Published: December 2020

Feline Plasmacytic Pododermatitis is an uncommon dermatological disorder that affects one or multiple paw pads and leads to swelling, ulceration, hemorrhage, scaling, erythema, and striation. Its etiopathogenesis is poorly understood, however, an immune-mediated basis is strongly suggested. A two-year-old neutered, mixed breed, male cat was referred to the Veterinary Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Curitibanos Campus, with a brief clinical history of progressive lesions on palmar and plantar pads for one month. On physical examination, the patient had enlarged popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes, and paw pads with thin, swollen, hyperemic, erythematous, and purple color skin with multiple white striations. Histopathological diagnosis confirmed plasmacytic pododermatitis, and glucocorticoid therapy with prednisolone was prescribed. In the present report, the patient's clinical follow-up was compromised, as the tutor did not perform the prescribed treatment and did not return with the animal for further evaluations.
Histopathological study on gills of Rhamdia quelen juveniles submitted to chronic toxicological test with ibuprofen
Authors: Oliveira Vanilva Pereira de , Baumgartner Gilmar , Grassiolli Sabrina , Amorin João Paulo de , Ceglarek Vanessa , Bezerra Gildete de Souza
Published: December 2020

The present study aimed at evaluating histopathological changes in gills of Rhamdia quelenjuveniles submitted to different concentrations of ibuprofen (0.0; 0.5; 5.0 and 50.0 mg/L); concentrations were determined from LC50acute assays of 5.0mg/L(120h). For each concentration four replicates were made, with four copies each. The experiment had a total duration of 120 hours in a chronic toxicological trial. After completion, the animals were euthanized, laparotomized, and the gills were localized, isolated and fixed in 10% formaldehyde, preserved in 70% alcohol and subsequently submitted to histological routine technique for paraffin inclusion. Fivecuts (6μM) per specimen were made and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). The Average Alteration Score(AAS) and Histopathological Alteration Indices (HAI) were determined according to the degree of the lesion and then classified in stages I, II and III which produced respectively Lamellar derangement, Lamella’s epithelium rupture and aneurysm with more expressive alterations. For all concentrations the drug led to histological alterations for Rhamdia quelen, putting in evidence damages that go from moderate to severe in the gills of the analysed fishes. Ibuprofen caused branchial lesions in R.quelenwith a progressive effect in high concentrations, suggesting that the presence of this drug could cause abnormalities and favour mortality in this species.
Resveratrol and Prostate Cancer: The Power of Phytochemicals
Authors: Zaffaroni Nadia , Beretta Giovanni L.
Published: December 2020

Prostate cancer is the fifth cause of tumor-related deaths in man worldwide.
Due to its long latency period, this pathology represents an ideal type of disease for chemopreventive
studies. Among the drugs considered thus far for the treatment of prostate
cancer, the natural compound resveratrol emerged as very promising. Resveratrol is widely
recognized as a chemopreventive agent and was shown to potentiate the antitumor activity
of conventional chemotherapeutics in several tumors, including prostate cancer.
Here, we overview the literature of the last five years and summarize the recent achievements
of resveratrol and its derivatives as antimetastatic agents in prostate cancer. Moreover,
drug combination studies as well as nanomedicine approaches proposed to improve
resveratrol activity and to overcome delivery drawbacks are addressed. The last part of
the review discusses the clinical trials containing resveratrol ongoing on cancer patients.
Color Doppler Ultrasound Assessment of Clinical Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Celikyay F. , Yuksekkaya R. , Yuksekkaya M. , Kefeli A.
Published: December 2020

Background:

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are two varieties of inflammatory
bowel disease (IBD). Clinicians need a monitoring technique in the IBD. The disease
activity can be assessed with endoscopy, activity indexes, and imaging techniques. Color Doppler
US (CDUS) is also a non-invasive, radiation, and contrast material free examination which shows
the intramural blood flow.

Objective:

To evaluate the usefulness of B-mode, CDUS, and a newly developed software Color
Quantification (CQ) to determine the activity of the IBD.

Methods:

The disease activity was assessed by clinical activity indexes. Caecum, terminal ileum, ascending colon,
transverse colon, and descending colon were evaluated by B-mode, CDUS, and the CQ. Bowel wall thickness (BWT),
loss of bowel stratification, loss of haustration, and the presence of enlarged lymph nodes, mesenteric masses, abscesses,
fistula, visual vascular signal patterns of the bowel as “hypo and hyper-flow” and the CQ values were investigated. BWT
compared with laboratory results and clinical activities. Vascular signal patterns and the CQ values compared with BWT
and clinical activity. The diagnostic performances of the CQ were investigated.

Results:

Fifty-two patients with IBD were evaluated. Patients with increased BWT at the transverse colon had increased
frequency of “hyper-flow” pattern. Clinically active patients had increased incidence of “hyper-flow” pattern at the
terminal ileum, ascending colon, and whole segments. They had increased CQ values at the terminal ileum, ascending
colon, and descending colon, and whole segments. A cut-off value for the CQ (24.7%) was obtained at the terminal ileum.
In the diagnostic performances of CQ, we observed utilities significantly at the ascending colon, descending colon,
terminal ileum, and whole segments. There was a positive correlation between the CQ values and BWT at the caecum,
ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon.

Conclusion:

Increased visual vascular signal scores and CQ values might be useful for monitoring the disease activity in
patients with IBD.