bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Aktivitas Komunitas Belajar Satuan Pendidikan Dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah Berbasis Website
Authors: Haridjaya Ezra Janitra , Widiatry Widiatry , Pranatawijaya Viktor Handrianus
Published: October 2024

Kendala yang dihadapi saat ini, dalam tahapan publikasi masih diunggah secara terpisah di masing-masing Instagram Komunitas Belajar dan dikumpulkan secara manual untuk selanjutnya di publikasikan ulang dalam wadah publikasi bersama oleh BPMP Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Hal ini menjadi kekurangan pada proses tahapan publikasi, karena masih diperlukan proses duplikasi konten untuk ditayangkan ulang di wadah publikasi bersama, serta adanya kesulitan dalam melakukan pemantauan untuk mengetahui berapa banyak aktivitas yang telah dilakukan oleh masing-masing Komunitas Belajar. 
Perlu dibangun suatu Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Aktivitas Komunitas Belajar Satuan Pendidikan dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah Berbasis Website untuk mengoptimalisasikan proses publikasi kegiatan Komunitas Belajar. Website Aktivitas Komunitas Belajar yang telah dirancang melalui tahapan perancangan sistem dengan dilakukan pembuatan Data Flow Diagram (DFD) itu terdiri DFD level 0, level 1 dan level 2. Tahapan pengkodean dengan bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan yaitu php dan MySQL. 
Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu website ini dapat memantau aktivitas dari masing masing komunitas belajar dapat terkontrol, terutama mengenai jumlah upload konten, yang dapat menjadi penilaian apakah komunitas belajar tersebut aktif atau tidak. Sehingga sekelompok guru, tenaga kependidikan, dan pendidik lainnya yang memiliki semangat dan kepedulian untuk berbagi informasi dengan mengupload konten kegiatan pembelajarannya, berdiskusi serta menyelesaikan berbagai macam masalah pembelajaran yang dihadapi saat implementasi kurikulum merdeka.
Analisis Kinerja Load Balancing Webserver Menggunakan Haproxy Terintegrasi Dengan Grafana Sebagai Monitoring Dan Notifikasi Telegram
Authors: Pentanugraha Elsan , Saragih Agus Sehatman , Christian Efrans
Published: October 2024

Di era digital saat ini, Website sangat penting bagi organisasi atau perusahaan. Namun, semakin banyak pengunjung pada Website, semakin besar beban server. Ini dapat membuat server menjadi lambat atau down. Solusi untuk masalah ini adalah load balancing. Haproxy adalah perangkat lunak open-source yang bisa digunakan sebagai load Balancer. Monitoring platform yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Grafana yang memantau sumber daya server secara real-Time dan menyediakan visualisasi data yang mudah dipahami. 
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kinerja pada load balancing Web server, memberikan gambaran kinerja Haproxy sebagai load balancing dalam menangani beban berat pada Web server, dan memberikan solusi alternatif untuk meningkatkan kinerja Web server. Tahapan dalam penelitian ini peneliti melakukan analisis kebutuhan, perancangan topologi, implementasi, dan pengujian Web server menggunakan Apache JMeter. Penelitian ini menggunakan Apache JMeter untuk menguji keandalan dan stabilitas Web server saat menangani lonjakan permintaan yang besar pada skenario single server dan Load balancing. Peneliti melakukan pengujian kinerja load balancing Web server dengan beberapa parameter yaitu throughput, Response Time, error rate, memory utilization, dan CPU utilization. 
Berdasarkan analisis dan penelitian yang dilakukan tentang kinerja load balancing pada Web server menggunakan HAProxy dan integrasi dengan Grafana sebagai Monitoring serta notifikasi Telegram, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Grafana yang terintegrasi dengan HAProxy efektif sebagai alat Monitoring performa Web server yang memberikan visualisasi data yang jelas dan mudah dipahami. Hal ini memudahkan proses analisis dan evaluasi performa Web server. Penggunaan load balancing juga meningkatkan ketersediaan server dalam menangani permintaan, terbukti dengan penurunan persentase kegagalan server secara drastis.
Pengembangan Website Jaringan Dokumentasi Dan Informasi Hukum (JDIH) Kabupaten Katingan Menggunakan Framework Laravel
Authors: Singaraca Mitchel Christian T. , Geges Septian , Lestari Ariesta , Sylviana Felicia
Published: October 2024

Kabupaten Katingan membangun Jaringan Dokumentasi dan Informasi Hukum (JDIH) yang memberikan akses mudah ke informasi hukum. Dalam rangka penilaian kinerja pemerintahan daerah oleh pemerintah pusat, website JDIH perlu dikembangkan ulang untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan kualitas layanan. Pengembangan ulang melibatkan perbaikan desain, teknologi, dan penyesuaian dengan pedoman pemerintah, termasuk migrasi dari framework Laravel. Ini bertujuan agar website JDIH dapat memberikan akses yang lebih baik dan mendukung penilaian kinerja yang lebih akurat oleh pemerintah pusat. 
Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan dalam perancangan dan pembuatan website ini dengan menggunakan metode Waterfall. Urutan dalam Metode Waterfall dimulai dari proses perencanaan, analisa, desain, dan implementasi pada sistem. metode waterfall dengan tahapan, yaitu tahap analisa kebutuhan yang digambarkan menggunakan flowchart, desain sistem digambarkan melalui UML (Unified Modelling Language) dan database, penulisan kode program dengan bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan yaitu HTML, PHP, CSS, Bootstrap, Javascript, Framework Laravel dan MySQL. Serta pengujian program menggunakan metode Blackbox. 
Penelitian ini menghasilkan pengembangan Website JDIH Kabupaten Katingan menggunakan Framework Laravel dengan metode Waterfall. Dengan adanya website ini dapat mempermudah masyarakat mencari informasi hukum dengan fitur produk hukum, relaas pengadilan, dan penanganan perkara. Pernyataan diatas didukung dengan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner, dimana pertanyaan dibuat menggunakan metode WebQual 4.0. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas terhadap hasil kuesioner yang telah dikumpulkan dengan total 151 responden, dilakukan analisis data dengan menggunakan software JASP. Hasil dari pengujian menunjukan valid dan reliabel.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pengelolaan Barang Pada Opus Cafe Palangka Raya Berbasis Website
Authors: Permana Ananda Aji Ivan , Pranatawijaya Viktor Handrianus , Widiatry Widiatry
Published: October 2024

Opus Café merupakan salah satu café yang ada di Palangka Raya. Dalam pelayanannya, Opus Café mengutamakan efektifitas dan kepuasan bagi para pelanggan dengan mengutamakan penggunaan bahan baku yang terbaik dan tepat waktu dalam pendistribusian bahan tersebut ke Opus Café. Diketahui pada sistem yang sedang berjalan saat ini masih terdapat beberapa permasalahan diataranya pada proses pengolahan data bahan baku yang masih dilakukan secara manual yaitu dengan cara input data inventory dari buku stok ke dalam Microsoft Office Excel. Laporan dalam format Excel tersebut akan dilaporkan setiap hari. 
Solusi untuk mengurangi masalah tersebut adalah dengan membangun sebuah sistem yang dapat membantu proses pengelolaan barang pada Opus Café. Penjualan barang dan pengelolaan data barang yang terkomputerisasi dan dapat di akses dimanapun oleh owner maupun admin Opus Cafe. Aplikasi pengelolaan barang pada Opus Cafe berbasis website dengan menggunakan metode pengembangan sistem Waterfall menurut Rosa dan Shalahuddin (2016) yang terdiri dari 4 tahapan yaitu analisis, desain, pengodean dan pengujian. Sistem didesain menggunakan Data Flow Diagram (DFD), yang terdiri dari Diagram Konteks, DFD Level 0, DFD dan Level 1. Website ini dibangun dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman HTML, PHP, CSS dan Java Script, sedangkan untuk membuat databasenya menggunakan MySQL. 
Pada website pengelolaan data Opus café ini, terdapat admin dan owner sebagai pengguna nya, dimana admin yang akan sering dalam penggunaan website ini, pada website ini admin dapat langsung mengelola seluruh data yang masuk atau data yang direstok dan data yang keluar atau data yang dibeli oleh pelanggan Opus café melalui menu kasir.
Sistem Informasi Pendaftaran Peserta Didik Baru Berbasis Website di PKBM Homy School Palangka Raya
Authors: Keningatko Elnatan , Licantik Licantik , Lestari Ariesta
Published: October 2024

PKBM Homy School adalah salah satu sekolah non formal di kota Palangka Raya. Homy School memfasilitasi anak-anak dari latar belakang apapun dan menerapkan pendidikan holistic atas dasar takut akan Tuhan dan karakter Kristus. Proses pendaftaran peserta didik baru di PKBM Homy School saat ini masih menggunakan aplikasi pihak ketiga yaitu Google Form. Untuk pengelolaan proses pendaftaran peserta didik baru tersebut masih menggunakan tenaga admin. Oleh karena itu, maka dirancang dan dibangunlah Sistem Informasi Pendaftaran Peserta Didik Baru Berbasis Website di PKBM Homy School Palangka Raya. 
Website ini menggunakan metode Waterfall menurut Rosa dan Shalahuddin tahun 2015. Pengujian sistem pada website dengan Metode Black Box Testing. Website ini memiliki sistem pendaftaran untuk seluruh jenjang, pengelolaan waiting list untuk jenjang PAUD, monitoring file yang akan akan di-upload, notifikasi melalui email untuk pendaftaran dan pengumuman calon siswa. Penyajian informasi berupa grafik dalam bentuk tabel untuk menampilkan rekapitulasi data dari database. 
Penelitian ini menghasilkannya Sistem Informasi Pendaftaran Peserta Didik Baru Berbasis Website di PKBM Homy School Palangka Raya yang dapat dijalankan dan berfungsi dengan baik untuk meringankan beban kerja admin setelah melalui pengujian dengan metode Black Box Testing.
Analisa dan Identifikasi Genre Musik Menggunakan Metode Support Vector Machine
Authors: Julian Innosensius , Nugrahaningsih Nahumi , Lestari Ariesta , Licantik Licantik , Sylviana Felicia
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode identifikasi genre musik dalam musik Indonesia menggunakan Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) sebagai fitur akustik. Sebanyak 400 sampel musik dari berbagai genre digunakan dalam studi ini. Analisis menggunakan Confusion Matrix untuk mengukur akurasi prediksi genre musik berdasarkan model yang dikembangkan.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan nilai precision yang signifikan untuk setiap genre: blues (84%), classical (88%), jazz (71%), dan pop (94%). Selain itu, recall untuk setiap genre juga menunjukkan performa yang baik: blues (81%), classical (83%), jazz (83%), pop (89%). F1-score, yang menggabungkan precision dan recall, menunjukkan kinerja model yang seimbang: blues (82%), classical (86%), jazz (77%), pop (91%).Keseluruhan, model yang dikembangkan mencapai akurasi sebesar 84%, menegaskan efektivitas metode MFCC dalam mengidentifikasi genre musik. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya penggunaan dataset yang representatif untuk meningkatkan akurasi identifikasi genre musik dalam konteks musik Indonesia.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemberian Kredit Pada Koperasi CU Betang Asi Menggunaka Metode Simple Additive Weighting
Authors: Yolanda Hevin Tirza , Priskila Ressa , Agus Sehatman Saragih , Parhusip Jadiaman , Licantik Licantik
Published: October 2024

Menilai suatu kelayakan dalam pemberian kredit bukanlah hal yang mudah karena melibatkan banyak faktor yang harus dipertimbangkan dan dianalisis dengan tepat, cermat, dan cepat. Semakin tinggi angka pengajuan pinjaman pada koperasi CU Betang Asi, mengakibatkan proses pemberian kredit juga membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama, sehingga terdapat pula kesulitan dalam menentukan peminjam dengan resiko kredit macet paling minimal.
Mengacu pada permasalahan di atas, diperlukan adanya solusi yaitu implementasi sistem pendukung keputusan (SPK) dengan menerapkan lima kriteria dasar yang digunakan oleh pihak Bagian Usaha dan Pemasaran CU Betang Asi sebagai pertimbangan pemberian pinjaman yaitu Karakter, Jaminan, Kemampuan, Modal, dan Kondisi Pinjaman. Sistem ini menggunakan metode Simple Additive Weighting sehingga pada penerapan perhitungan pengambilan keputusan pemberian kredit dapat memberikan prioritas tertinggi dari anggota yang mengajukan kredit.
Website ini telah diuji dengan pengujian blackbox yang menghasilkan bahwa fitur dalam website ini dapat berjalan dengan baik. Metode yang digunakan membantu menghasilkan keputusan yang akurat dan tepat berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria yang telah ditetapkan, dan juga dapat menghemat waktu dalam proses pemberian kredit.
Socio-Cultural, Educational, and Psychological Barriers in ESL Learning: A Qualitative Study of Senior High School Students
Authors: Usop Juharto L.
Published: October 2024

This qualitative study explores the complex issues faced by the Senior High School students in learning ESL. Using the interviews and focus group discussions, this study aims at finding out the students’ experience, perception and challenges relating to their English accent. Ten male and twenty female students from the socio culturally and linguistically diverse school in Cotabato City Division volunteered for the study, offering information on the socio cultural, educational, and psychological aspects affecting their ESL learning during the academic year 2022-2023. The study shows that low students’ interactions in English beyond the classroom, the preferred use of students’ native language patterns, and inadequate amounts of exposure to English contexts are specific socio-cultural factors. Learning difficulties include; the imbalance in teachers’ competency, instruction, and teaching methods, and student supplies. On the psychological level, students have anxiety, unstable motivation, and problems with self-efficacy, which provides a meaningful addition to learners’ difficulties. Thus, this study recommended the need to tackle these challenges by increasing the training of teachers, developing quality teaching and learning materials, and providing effective learning conditions. These include promotion of English in contextual setting, computer aided instruction, offering counseling and psychological services to boost the learners’ morale. The findings of this study are hoped to help educators, and relevant stakeholders understand the best practices on how to help ESL learner Senior High School Students to break barriers and succeed academically and in their future careers as the world becomes a global village.
Tiktok Lexical Contents in Use: Attitudes among Bachelor of Arts in English Language (ABEL) Students
Authors: Guillermo Francis Ian M. , Agbayani Richard Sambajon
Published: October 2024

The rise of TikTok as an educational tool has opened new avenues for vocabulary development among its users. This study explored the vocabulary levels and attitudes of 90 first- and second-year AB English Language (ABEL) students towards TikTok videos containing vocabulary content. Participants engaged voluntarily in a mixed-method research design, incorporating pretests and posttests, treatment, and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using T-tests, frequency, and percentage, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis to uncover participants' cognitive, affective, and behavioral attitudes. The findings revealed a notable improvement in the participants' vocabulary knowledge, as demonstrated by higher posttest scores following the use of TikTok videos. Despite some challenges with the application, participants generally held positive attitudes towards the treatment, recognizing its contribution to their vocabulary enhancement. The study suggests that both English teachers and students could effectively use TikTok videos with lexical content for vocabulary teaching and learning. Additionally, the study highlights the potential for future research to investigate the role of TikTok videos in aiding non-English speakers with foreign language acquisition and other language skills, as this study focused solely on vocabulary development among English language majors.
Analysis on the Writing Errors of Grade 6 Students: Basis for Instructional Material Development
Authors: Dejon Mylen H. , Alvarez Evangeline H. , Remorosa Roxan R. , Ytoc Shiryl T.
Published: October 2024

The ability of students to express themselves through writing is not just a reflection of their linguistic prowess but also a determinant of their academic and future career success. The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis on the writing errors of Grade 6 students of Paciencia Elementary School, Loreto, Agusan Del Sur. The findings would be used as the basis for instructional material development and to recommend emphasizing teaching integration of the identified errors. The dominant errors were related to punctuation, capitalization, and incorrect verb forms, indicating a significant need for focused instruction in these areas to improve pupils' writing proficiency. In response to these findings, the study suggests developing targeted instructional materials that include structured lessons and practice exercises focusing on the most common errors. These resources should be integrated into the curriculum. Recommendations from the study emphasize the roles of various stakeholders in improving writing skills among pupils. Teachers should implement targeted instructional materials and attend professional development workshops. The school administration should support the integration of these materials and fund workshops while regularly assessing pupils' grammar skills. Pupils should engage actively in grammar lessons and seek feedback, and parents should encourage and support their children in practicing grammar skills at home. Policymakers and curriculum developers should incorporate the study's findings into national curriculum standards and allocate resources to support these initiatives. Future research should explore additional factors affecting grammar skills and the long-term impact of targeted instruction on overall academic performance.
Development of the Learning Media Video Tutorial "Tatak Menapu Kopi" in Arts and Culture Subjects for Dance Learning
Authors: Nadeak Hasanah , Saragih Abdil Hasan , Mursid R.
Published: October 2024

This research aims to produce a learning media product called "Tatak Menapu Kopi" video tutorial for the Arts and Culture learning subject for dance learning at SMP Negeri 2 Siempat Nempu Hulu, Dairi Regency that is feasible, practical, and effective. This research uses a research and development (R&D) research model with research subjects totaling 35 students of IX SMP Negeri 2 Siempat Nempu Hulu, Dairi Regency, consisting of 5 students in individual tests, 10 students in small group tests, and 35 students in limited field tests. This research also involved validators from two learning media experts, two learning design experts, and two learning material experts. The results of this research explain that: (1) Through validation results by learning material experts, an average validity result of 94.7% was obtained in the very feasible/practical category; (2) validation results by learning design experts obtained an average validity result of 94.9% in the very feasible/practical category; and (3) validation results by learning media experts obtained an average validity result of 93.9% in the very feasible/practical category. (2) The results of the practicality test of the Video Tutorial "Tatak Menapu Kopi" learning media in the arts and culture learning subject for learning dance at SMP Negeri 2 Siempat Nempu Hulu, Dairi Regency show a level of practicality with a percentage of 89.1%, in the very practical category. (3) The effectiveness of using the products developed in learning is considered quite effective; this is shown by the results of the N-Gain score effectiveness test, which obtained an average value of 61.2%
Comprehensive Review Discussion of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Learners in Operations of Integers: An Action Research
Authors: Bernal Jr. Hernando L. , Gumaru Renz Chester R. , Malvas Kristine Joy R. , Reyes Jhade J.
Published: October 2024

Based on perceived general observation, most Senior High School students tend to have difficulties in performing the four basic operations to the set of numbers called “integers”.  An integer is a whole number that can be positive, negative, or zero. This study chose Grade 11 Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) students as the targeted respondents for this particular action research. It aims to aid STEM students in their struggles on performing operations of  integers. The study will use Review Discussion as the intervention and aid for the problem. Results and Interpretation are obtained by using various appropriate statistical formulas like t-test and standard deviation. The researchers conducted this action research to verify if review discussion will have a positive effect and impact on enhancing the skills of Grade 11 STEM students in operations of integers.
Legal Protection of Copyright in Digital Film Piracy Cases in Indonesia (Case Study: Piracy of Keluarga Cemara Film)
Authors:   Master of Law Study Program, Faculty of Law, Diponegoro University, Indonesia, 50241., Fikri Mochammad Nazmi Riyana , Santoso Budi ,   Master of Law Study Program, Faculty of Law, Diponegoro University, Indonesia, 50241.
Published: October 2024

Technological advancements in the Globalization 4.0 era, along with the rise of the internet, are perceived as progress that brings both positive and negative consequences. One of the negative effects is the facilitation of crimes, particularly in providing unrestricted access to individuals to commit copyright violations on film works for personal gain. This issue is highlighted in the ruling of Case Number 762/Pid.B/2020/PN-Jmb. This study utilizes a normative juridical approach by examining literature or secondary data as the primary research material, reviewing laws and literature related to the topic under investigation. The research findings indicate that the case was resolved through the Jambi District Court (litigation), where Aditya Fernando Phasyah was found guilty of infringing the exclusive rights of PT Visinema Pictures, the copyright holder of the Keluarga Cemara film. He was sentenced to 1 year and 2 months of imprisonment and fined Rp. 500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiah).
The Mediating Role of Financial Self-Efficacy in the Relationship between Financial Inclusion, Literacy, and Investment Behavior among Banking Employees in Jakarta
Authors:   Faculty of Economic, Gunadarma University, Jakarta, Indonesia, Anggraini Amelia , Anggrainie Nova ,   Faculty of Economic, Gunadarma University, Jakarta, Indonesia, . Suroto ,   Faculty of Economic, Gunadarma University, Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the impact of Financial Inclusion, Financial Literacy on investment decisions through Financial Self-Efficacy on employees working in the banking sector of Jakarta region. This research uses a quantitative approach, the type of data in this study uses primary data obtained from the spread of the questionnaire. The population in this study is employees who work in the banking sector in the area of Jakarta, this study uses the Probability Sampling Technique that is Simple Random sampling so that the sample used is equal to 100 respondents. Data processing in this study uses SmartPLS. The results of this research show that the Financial Inclusion has an effect on Financial Self-Efficacy, Financial Literacy has no effect on Financial Self-Efficacy, Financial Self-Efficacy has no effect on Investment Decisions, Financial Inclusion has no effect on Investment Decisions, Financial Literacy has no effect on Investment Decisions, Financial Inclusion has no effect on Investment Decisions through Financial Self-Efficacy and Financial Literacy has no effect on Investment Decisions through Financial Self-Efficacy.
The Influence of Organisational Justice on Employee Performance in the Organised Private Sector of the Nigeria Economy
Authors: Onyegbula Oluyemisi  , Bello Sunday Ade  , Nurettin Can
Published: October 2024

This study examined the Influence of Organisational Justice on Employee Performance in the Organised Private Sector of the Nigeria Economy. This study employs a quantitative research design, using a survey approach to collect data from 107 Respondents from the Organised Private Sector. The questionnaire was administered online, and participants were invited via email and social media. The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.674, p < 0.000) between distributive justice and employees' performance. This indicates that when employees perceive that outcomes and rewards are distributed fairly within the organization, their performance improves. Also, Procedural justice showed an even stronger positive correlation with employees' performance (r = 0.718, p < 0.000). This suggests that when employees believe that the processes and procedures used to make decisions are fair, their performance is significantly enhanced. Interactional justice also had a significant positive correlation with employees' performance (r = 0.681, p < 0.000). The study recommended that organizations can improve employee performance by putting in place fair and transparent remuneration structures, assessing and modifying reward programmes regularly to align them with market norms and employee contributions, and creating recognition initiatives that honour and recognize staff members for their efforts and accomplishments.
The Enhancement of Blood Circulation in Uterine Adenomyosis and the Underlying Mechanism of Acupuncture Therapy
Authors:   The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China, Taipin GUO , Rong ZHAO ,   The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China, Liwei XING ,   The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China, Jinlong XU ,   The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China, Zhe HE ,   The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
Published: October 2024

The present study centers on the impact of Acupuncture on enhancing blood circulation in adenomyosis and its underlying mechanisms. The progression of adenomyosis is intricately linked to factors such as vascular tone, blood flow rate, and platelet aggregation. The paper delves into the mechanisms through which Acupuncture facilitates the improvement of blood circulation. A thorough review of pertinent literature reveals that Acupuncture can effectively enhance blood circulation via diverse mechanisms, thereby exerting a beneficial influence on adenomyosis.
Multi-segments conformal plan optimization for head and neck cancer
Authors: Doaa Ali Salih Khudair  , Haydar Hamza Obaid Alabedi  , Nabaa Mohammad Ali Ahmed Alazawy
Published: October 2024

Objective: To evaluate better dose distribution with three-dimensional radiation therapy, and to compare it with multi-segmented treatment planning techniques in patients with head and neck cancer.
Method: The prospective study was conducted at the Baghdad Centre for Radiation Therapy and Nuclear Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised data of 50 patients with head and neck cancerous tumours from June 2021 to February 2022. There were 35 (70%) females and 15(30%) males. The mean age was 47.31 ± 3.95 years (range 19 – 69 years The patients had undergone computed tomography simulation. The images were exported to Monaco 5.1 for contouring by the radiation oncologist. The data was then imported to XiO planning system. Each plan was repeated twice; once with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and the other with field-in-field technique. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: There were 50 patients whose data was analysed. The results showed significant differences between three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy and field-in-field techniques for dose coverage at 90% and 95% volumes (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the two techniques for 2Gy dose (p<0.05), but the difference was not significant for 5Gy dose (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The field-in-field treatment planning technique was found to be more effective than the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy technique.
Key Words: Nuclear, Radiation, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Tomography, Radiotherapy, X-rays
Assessment of prostate cancer radiotherapy using three-dimensional treatment planning technique
Authors: Fatima Jassim Mohammad Hassan  , Haydar Hamza Obaid Alabedi
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess the available commercial treatment planning system using three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy with respect to treatment for prostate cancer patients.
Method: This is a cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to February 2022 at the Baghdad Centre for Radiation Therapy and Nuclear Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised patients with prostate cancer who were treated with 6MV or 10MV energy using three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy technique, and irradiated using a linear accelerator. The patents were divided into three treatment phases. The prescribed dose in Phase I was 5000 centigrade, in Phase II it was 1800 centigrade, and in Phase III it was 600 centigrade. The number of beams used was 5 and 7. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Out of 35 patients, 10 (28.6%) in phase I, 15 (42.8%) in phase II, and 10 (28.6%) in phase III. The PTV dose of 5 and 7 beams 6MV energy at the centre was higher than at 1mm, 2mm, and 3mm p values = (0.351, 0.013*, 0.076, 0.295), respectively. Dose to the rectum comparing 6MV and 10MV for beams 5, and 7. The dose to the rectum on phase one at 6MV and 10MV was similar for 5 beams (p=0.611) and 7 beams (p=0.778). A significant difference was seen for 7 beams (p-value=0.008). Phase three showed significant variations in rectum dose at 6 MV and 10MV for 5 beams (p=0.0004). For bladder, a significant difference observed between the energies for 5 beams on phase one and three (p-value=<0.00001*, 0.002*), while at 7 beams only phase 3 were significant (p-value=0.041*)
Conclusion: The three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy plan with 10MV energy and a higher number of beams gave a higher coverage of dose for prostate tumours and was found to be a safe dose for the rectum and bladder.
Key Words: Nuclear Medicine, Rectum, Urinary Bladder, Prostatic Neoplasms, Particle Accelerators, Tumour, Radiotherapy
Comparison between the levels of anti mullerian hormone after treatment with clomid versus letrozole in polycystic women: an experimental study
Authors: Manal Madany Abdel Qader  , Shatha Sami Hussein  , Huda Fadhil Jadi
Published: October 2024

Objective: To compare the effect of two ovulation induction drugs on anti-Mullerian hormone level in polycystic women.
Method: The experimental cohort study was done at the infertility outpatient clinics of Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from May 2020 to April 2021, and comprised infertile women aged 18-35 years with confirmed diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Baseline blood level of anti-Mullerian hormone was tested in all patients. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A patients received clomid 50mg twice daily to a maximum of 200mg for 5 days starting from the third day of the menstrual cycle. Group B patients received letrozole 2.5mg twice daily for 5 days starting from the third day of the menstrual cycle. After ovulation induction on day 12-14, a second sample of serum anti-Mullerian hormone was tested, and intergroup comparisons were done. Data were analysed by using the available statistical package of SPSS-28 (Statistical Packages for Social Sciences- version 28). Students-t-test ,  Paired-t-test , Pearson correlation , t-test or ANOVA test Statistical significance was considered for P value equal or less than 0.05.
Results: Of the 83 women, 41(49.4%) were in Group A with mean age 26.0±4.9 years, while Group B had 42(50.6%) subjects with mean age 27.0±5.1 years. Post-intervention, the level of anti-Mullerian hormone decreased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). The decrease in Group B was more than Group A, but the difference was not significant (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Ovulation induction drugs clomid and leterzole decreased the level of anti-Mullerian hormone significantly.
Key Words: Polycystic Ovary, Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Letrozole, Infertility, Ovulation Induction, Ambulatory Care, Menstrual Cycle, Clomiphene
Occurrence of overweight, obesity and their associated risk factors among primary school pupils in Samarra/Iraq: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Ahmed Khalaf Al-Delaimy  , Yassen Taha Sarhan  , Mahasin Ali Al-Taha  , Badeaa Thamer Yahyaa  , Ru’ya Abdulhadi Al-Rawi
Published: October 2024

Objective: To find the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the risk factors for increasing weight amongyoung students.
Method: The cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted during the 2018-19 academic year in Samarra, Iraq,after approval from the ethics review committee of Anbar University, Al Anbar, Iraq, and comprised primaryschoolchildren aged 7-13 years regardless of gender. After collecting sociodemographic data, based on body massindex values, the children were categorised into malnourished <5th percentile, normal 5-84th percentile,overweight 85-97th percentile, and obese greater than or equal to 97th percentile. Data was analysed using SPSS 27.
Results: Of the 450 subjects, 243(54%) were girls and 207(46%) were boys. Obesity was found in 54(12%,) subjects,while 83(18.4%) were overweight. Class grades of the schoolchildren, mothers’ education, type of food taken toschool, money to buy from the school canteen, consumption of soft drinks, and eating snacks were significantlyrelated to body mass index percentile (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Overweight and obesity were prevalent in school children, and a number of factors contributed to theproblem, highlighting the need for health education interventions.
Key Words: Overweight, Snacks, Obesity, Risk Factors, Health, Carbonated, Beverages
Assessment of knowledge regarding prediabetes among a sample of family physicians in (Baghdad city)
Authors: Taymaa Majd Hameed  , Yossra Khalaf Hanoon
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge among family physicians regarding prediabetes.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to June 30, 2020, at primary healthcare centers in Al-Karkh and Al-Rusafa health directorates of Baghdad, Iraq, after approval from the ethics review committee of the College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad. The sample comprised family physicians of either gender. Data was collected using an pre-designed, structured questionnaire that was disseminated online.  Data was collected using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 145 questionnaires distributed, 113(78%) were returned duly filled; 99(87.6%) females and 14(12.4%) males. The overall mean age was 34.21±5.8 years (range: 26-49 years), The knowledge level was good in 60(53.1%) cases, and 59(52.2%) suggested screening programmes as a preventive measure. Good level of knowledge was significantly associated with having diabetes or family member with diabetes 44(51.7%), attending training courses 37(44.1%) and professional experience >10 years 15(25%).
Conclusion: More than half the respondents had a good level of knowledge about prediabetes. There is a need to improve the knowledge of physicians further about prediabetes.
Key Words: Prediabetic, Metformin, Counseling, Family Physicians, Electronics.
Gingival pigmentation in relation to anti-inflammatory salivary interleukin 10, a comparative study
Authors: Ahmed Shukur Mahmood  , Ban Sahib Diab
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess gingival pigmentation prevalence among students, and its relationship with anti-inflammatory salivary interleukin-10.
Method:  The observational, cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted at the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Diyala University, Iraq, from December 2021 to March 2022, and comprised students of either gender aged 19-22 years. Students with pigmented gingiva were in group A, while those having no gingival pigmentation were in group B. The level of interleukin-10 was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both groups, and values were compared using the gingival pigmentation index. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.
Result: Of the 1,295 students assessed, 1,044(80.62%) were males and 251(19.38%) were females. Pigmented gingiva was found in 118(9.11%), and these students represented group A, while as many subjects were enrolled in controlled group B. Pigmented gingiva was more common among males 81(68.64%) than females 37(31.36%). Salivary interleukin-10 level was significantly increased in group A compared to group B (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in mean value of salivary interlukin-10 with respect to severity in group A (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Pigmentation was beneficial in terms of gingival protection.
Key Words: Gingiva, Interleukin, Pigmentation, Enzyme, Immunosorbent,
Prevalence of cervical dysplastic lesions in cervical smears from Baghdad city: a single centre study
Authors: Mohanad Mahdi Al-Hindawi
Published: October 2024

Objective: To assess the association of demographic and clinical features of patients with clinicopathological markers in cases of abnormal Pap smear.
Method: The retrospective study was conducted from July 2020 to June 2021 at Al-Elwiya Maternity Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised data from January 2019 to June 2020 of women who underwent Pap-smear. Data was retrieved for patients' age, marital status, smoking status, clinical symptoms at presentation, findings of clinical and cytological examinations, as well as follow-up or human papillomavirus testing data where applicable. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.
Results: Of the 560 women with mean age 40.42±10.211 years, 26(4.6%) were attending the hospital for routine check-ups/screening, and 12(2.1%) for follow-up screening with previous abnormal Pap-tests, while the rest had been referred for medical consultation. The most common diagnosis was negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy 403(72%) Cervical epithelial abnormalities were seen in 136(24.3%) cases, and, of them, 12(8.8%) returned for follow-up. Epithelial abnormalities had a significant association with age, clinical presentation, and clinical examination results (p<0.05), while it had a non-significant relation with marital and smoking statuses (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The majority of subjects were referred cases, with routine cervical screening being <5%. Increasing public awareness about the importance of cervical screening and follow-up is essential.
Key Words: Papanicolaou, Uterine Cervical, Papillomavirus Viruses, Demography,
 Smoking
Iron deficiency among primary school children in Mosul City /Northern Iraq, a cross-section study
Authors: Nashwan Mustafa Al Hafidh  , Elham Khattab Al-Jammas  , Humam Zubeer
Published: October 2024

Objective: To determine the prevalence of iron deficiency among primary school students in an urban setting.
Method: The descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2019 in Mosul, Iraq, after approval from the ethics review committee of the College of Medicine, Nineveh University, Iraq, and comprised students aged 6-12 years who were part of the 2018-19 academic year at 4 public primary schools located along the two banks of Tigris River. Serum ferritin was measured in all the participants. Data wa analysed using Minitab 20.
Results: Of the 827 subjects, 439(53%) were girls and 388(47%) were boys. The overall mean age was 8.5±0.057 years, with 558(67.5%) aged <10 years. The mean serum ferritin level was 8.05±6.43ng/ml, and 173(20.92%) subjects were found to iron-deficient. Among the iron-deficient students, 87(50.29%) had iron deficiency anaemia and 86(49.71%) had non-anaemic iron deficiency. Age and gender were significantly different between students with anaemic and non-anaemic iron deficiency (p<0.05). Within boys, significant difference was also noted in terms of body mass index-for-age values (p<0.05).
Conclusion: One-fifth of the students were found to have iron deficiency. Plans to control iron deficiency among young children are essential.
Key Words: Anaemia, Iron-Deficiency, Ferritins
The potential effects of metformin and/or sitagliptin on leptin/adiponectin ratio in diabetic obese patients: a new therapeutic effect
Authors: Hala Aqeel Shams  , Hussein Mohammed Aziz  , Hayder Mutter Al-Kuraishy
Published: October 2024

Objective: To explore how metformin, alone or in conjunction with sitagliptin, affects the leptin/adiponectin ratio in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Method: The case-control study was conducted from March to August 2021 at the Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised adult, obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of either gender and age-matched healthy controls. The MT group included patients taking metformin 1g/day, MTS group had patients taking metformin 1g/day plus sitagliptin 100mg/day, and the control group comprised healthy subjects. Serum levels of human leptin and adiponectin were recorded along with body mass index, blood pressure, lipid profile and glycaemic indices. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
Results: Of the 90 subjects, 62(69%) were patients; 36(40%) in MT group and 26(29%) in MTS. The control group had 28(31%) individuals. The mean age of the patient groups was 48.62±8.17 years, and male: female ratio was 49:41, mean age of controls was 47.64± 5.77 years with the same male to female ratio as that of the patients. Leptin levels were higher in patients compared to controls (p=0.002), and leptin levels were lower in MTS (89.93±9.51) than MT group (93.69±13.69). Patients in MT (30.57±6.31) and MTS (32.99±7.10) groups had lower adiponectin levels than controls (48.83±9.21) (p=0.001). MT and MTS patients had a greater leptin-to-adiponectin ratio than controls (p=0.0001).
Conclusion: Leptin-to-adiponectin ratio could be a viable marker for assessing risks related to type 2 diabetes mellitus and other health conditions.
Key Words: Leptin, Adiponectin, Diabetes, Blood Pressure, Obesity, Metformin, Lipids, Sitagliptin Phosphate
A Comparative study between the efficacy of combined Intense Pulsed Light plus high-intensity focussed ultrasound in the treatment of atrophic and icepick scars
Authors: Fatima Ahmed Salem  , Wisam Majeed Kattoof  , Mustafa Salih Al Musawi
Published: October 2024

Objective: To investigate the efficiency of high-intensity focussed ultrasound with intense pulsed light in the treatment of atrophic and icepick acne scars.
Method: The interventional study was conducted between November 2021 and April 2022 at the Postgraduate Medical Physics Laboratory, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised patients with atrophic scars in group A and acne scars in group B. They were treated first with intense pulsed light and then with high-intensity focussed ultrasound. All patients received 4 treatment sessions spread over 4 weeks.  Outcome assessment was done using Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Data was analysed using SPSS software version 24.
Results:  Of the 22 patients, 12(55%) were males with mean age 20.75±4.20 years, and 10(45%) were females with mean age 21±2.05 years. The combination technique showed significant outcomes compared to baseline (p<0.05). Atrophic scars exhibited significantly greater improvement compared to icepick scars (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the overall opinion of the observer (p=0.3549) and the patients (p=0.0956).
Conclusion: The high-intensity focussed ultrasound and intense pulsed light techniques used in combination was found to be effective in treating atrophic and icepick scars.
Key Words: Cicatrix, Acne Vulgaris, Acne scars
Inverse versus convolution treatment planning algorithms for gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Marwa Ghanim  , Siham Abdullah  , Moneer Faraj  , Nabaa Alazawy
Published: October 2024

Objective: To compare the convolution and inverse algorithm plans.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from January to May 2022 at the Icon Gamma Knife Centre, Al-Taj Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised patients with malignant and benign brain tumours who underwentgamma knife therapy. Each patient's brain was imaged using computed tomography and magnetic resonanceimaging. The neurosurgeon prescribed the dose depending on the tumour volume and type, while the medicalphysicist generated the two plans based on inverse and convolution algorithms. The prescribed dose was deliveredto 50% of the isodose line of the tumour. Each plan was evaluated with respect to tumour conformity index,coverage, gradient index, number of shots, and time of treatment.Results: Of the 30 patients, 17(56.7%) were males and 13(43.3%) were females. The overall mean age was46.29±15.20 years (range: 10-71 years). The mean dose delivered was 15.86±3.86Gy, and the mean number ofgamma radiation shots was 12.56±6.95. There was significant difference between the two algorithm plans for alldosimetric parameters, with the inverse plan providing higher coverage and selectivity than convolution plan, buttaking longer time(p<0.05), while plan was inverse plan better than convolution plan in terms of gradient andconformity (p<0.05).Conclusion: With more extended treatment, the inverse plan was found to have superior selectivity, coverage,gradient index and Paddick conformity index values compared to the convolution plan.Key Words: Tumour, Algorithms, Brain, Magnetic, Tomography
The correlation of the modulation complexity score (MCS) with the number of segments and local gamma passing rate for the Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) treatment planning delivery
Authors: Omar Najah Jubbier  , Ali Majeed Hassan  , Siham Sabah Abdullah  , Haydar Hamza Alabedi  , Nabaa Mohammad. Alazawy  , Mustafa Jabbar Al-Musawi
Published: October 2024

Objective: To compare the modulation complexity scores across treatment sites, and to examine their connectionwith monitor unit, segment number and global and local gamma passing percentage.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Baghdad Centre for Radiation Therapy and NuclearMedicine, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, from May 2021 to February 2022. Included were 34 patients, withthe age range between 20 – 50 years, subjected to intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head and necktumours in group A or pelvic tumours in group B. Treatment planning was done using Monaco 5.1, and radiotherapywas done using Synergy linear accelerator. Modulation complexity scores were calculated using MATLAB 2019a.Data was analysed using SPSS 24.Results: Of the 34 patients, 22(64.7%) were in group A; 12(54.5%) males and 10(45.5%) females. There were12(35.3%) patients in group B; 8(66.7%) females and 4(33.3%) males. The number of segments was greater in groupB than group A. A modest positive linear association was seen in group A, demonstrating that an increase insegment numbers resulted in a rise in modulation complexity score (R2=0.0244). Group B tumours had inversenegative linear correlation (R2=0.0189). As the complexity of plans increased in group A, local gamma passingpercentage decreased (R2=0.0452). Group B showed a slight negative connection with modulation complexityscore (R2=0.0622).Conclusion: The modulation complexity score may be used to provide a simple prediction for pre-treatmentverification, and it may also serve as a simple quality assurance tool for intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans.Key Words: Monaco, Nuclear, Pelvic, Head and Neck