bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrically regulated thermal conductivity of aramid polymer systems
Authors: Song Jiangnan , An Meng , Guo Yuting , Chen Dongsheng , Yao Bing , Chen Haifeng , Zhang Gang
Published: March 2024

Aramid polymers, renowned for their electronic insulation and thermal conductive properties, are widely adopted as thermal management materials in power electronics. However, the thermal conductivity of aramid polymers under electric field has not been thoroughly understood. In this study, we investigated the thermal conductivity of amorphous and aligned aramid polymer systems under electrical field utilizing equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Simulation results showed that the alignment of polymer chain can significantly enhance the thermal conductivity of aramid polymer systems, achieving up to 10.13 W/m-K. Moreover, polarization of aligned aramid polymer was observed when the applied electric field exceeded 14 V/nm. Interestingly, the thermal conductivity of aligned aramid polymer was selectively modulated by the applied electric field. To unravel the underlying phonon mechanism, the molecular orientation of polymer chains and phonon spectral information were analyzed. Our study provides guidance into understanding thermal transport mechanism and thermal conductivity modulation in polymers.
Anisotropic thermal expansion tensor of
β
-Ga2O3 and its critical role in casting-grown crystal cracking
Authors: Yan Yuchao , Wu Dan , Xia Ning , Deng Tianqi , Zhang Hui , Yang Deren
Published: March 2024

Thermal expansion tensor represents a key parameter for the numerical modeling of the crystal growth process. However, the modeling of β-Ga2O3 commonly utilizes one single thermal expansion constant that misses its anisotropic nature and temperature-dependent characteristics. Herein, we addressed this limitation by calibrating an anisotropic, temperature-dependent thermal expansion tensor using the experimental lattice parameters of β-Ga2O3 up to 1200 K. We found that COMSOL Multiphysics simulations employing the calibrated tensor yield stress distribution remarkably distinct from those relying on the commonly assumed constants. Specifically, our simulations predict a von Mises stress concentration near the crystal bottom, which explains the experimentally observed crack formation at corresponding locations. This contrasts with the simulations using the single-value thermal expansion constant, which fails to predict such stress concentration. The physical origin of crystal cracking is found to be rooted in the compressive force exerted by the iridium crucible during the cooling process. Our findings suggest that the physical anisotropy of β-Ga2O3 should be carefully considered in modeling and simulation. With the calibrated thermal expansion tensor, we provide a validated set of thermomechanical parameters for reliable β-Ga2O3 crystal growth simulations.
The structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of carbon-based halides: An ab initio DFT approach
Authors: Tse Geoffrey
Published: March 2024

In the present work, we choose the carbon-based halides CX4 (X = Br, Cl) to conduct a study on the ground-state properties using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. We provide a comparative study for bromide and chloride materials using standard generalized gradient approximation functionals. A total of 80 atoms have been simulated on a single unit cell. A direct bandgap energy of 3.28 (4.64) eV for X = Br (X = Cl) with Z–Z transition is found on the studied materials. According to our partial density of states plot, a hybridization of s orbitals on C and X atoms is observed. Metallic properties have also been identified. A low reflectivity of 6% (12%) has been measured, which presents excellent material absorption. Such a material is also determined to be brittle, based on the calculated Pugh’s ratio. The reflectivity (ductility) tends to increase as the X element increases down the Period Table. The negative Poisson’s ratio found also suggests that the materials could be used as an electrode for metal-ion (e.g., Li, K, and Na) batteries.
Composition-dependent structure and bandgaps in HfxZr1−xO2 thin films
Authors: Yang Xiaoman , Zhou Tong , Hua Enda , Wang Zhongliao , Liu Zhongliang , Wang Haifeng , Liu Qinzhuang
Published: March 2024

ZrO2 as a wide-bandgap semiconductor with high dielectric constant and ferroelectric properties has been extensively studied. To explore the impact of chemical doping on the structure and optical performance of ZrO2, HfxZr1−xO2 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) thin films were prepared through pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction reveals that the orthorhombic phase (o) (111) gradually transforms into the monoclinic phase (m) (−111) with the increase in Hf content from 0 to 1. Furthermore, optical property analysis demonstrates an increase in the optical bandgap from 5.17 to 5.68 eV with the increase in Hf doping content. Density functional theory calculations and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggest that the widening of the bandgap in HZO films is associated with the hybridization of Zr 4d and Hf 5d orbitals.
Quantifying the orbital-to-spin moment ratio under dynamic excitation
Authors: Emori Satoru , Maizel Rachel E. , Street Galen T. , Jones Julia L. , Arena Dario A. , Shafer Padraic , Klewe Christoph
Published: March 2024

The orbital component of magnetization dynamics, e.g., excited by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), may generate “orbitronic” effects in nanomagnetic devices. Yet, distinguishing orbital dynamics from spin dynamics remains a challenge. Here, we employ x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) to quantify the ratio between the orbital and spin components of FMR-induced dynamics in a Ni80Fe20 film. By applying the XMCD sum rules at the Ni L3,2 edges, we obtain an orbital-to-spin ratio of 0.108 ± 0.005 for the dynamic magnetization. This value is consistent with 0.102 ± 0.008 for the static magnetization, probed with the same x-ray beam configuration as the dynamic XMCD experiment. The demonstrated method presents a possible path to disentangle orbitronic effects from their spintronic counterparts in magnetic media.
Mechanical-permeability characteristics of composite coal rock under different gas pressures and damage prediction model
Authors: Guo Yangyang , Wang Kai , Du Feng , Guo Haijun , Li Kangnan , Wang Yiqiao
Published: March 2024

Determining the influence of gas pressure on the mechanics, permeability, and energy evolution of gas-bearing composite coal is helpful to better understand the formation process and prevention measures of gasdynamic disasters. In this paper, true triaxial mechanical-permeability tests are carried out on the gas-bearing composite coal rock under different gas pressures, focusing on the influence of gas pressure on the mechanics, permeability, and energy response characteristics of the composite coal rock, and a damage constitutive model based on energy dissipation is established. The results show that increasing the gas pressure decreases the load bearing capacity, strain, pre-peak relative permeability, and deformation capacity of the sample. The greater the gas pressure is, the greater the relative permeability decreases and the greater the post-peak relative permeability increases. The gas pressure has a great influence on the energy of the sample. The elastic strain energy ratio (Ue/U) increases with the increase in gas pressure, and the dissipative energy ratio (Ud/U) decreases with the increase in gas pressure. The coal-rock composite constitutive model based on energy dissipation is in good agreement with the experimental curves.
Time evolution of coherent state’s photon number statistics in laser channel gained via cumulant calculation
Authors: Zhang Ke , Li Lan-Lan , Fan Hong-Yi
Published: March 2024

In this paper, by using the method of integration within the ordered product of operators and entangled state representation, the degree of second-order coherence of coherent state evolving in a laser channel is derived for the first time, which exhibits its anti-bunching property. The master equation of the laser channel is solved by entangled state representation, and the cumulant for deriving mean and mean-square photon numbers is evaluated.
Geometric design of antireflective leafhopper brochosomes
Authors: Wang Lin , Li Zhuo , Shen Sheng , Wong Tak-Sing
Published: March 2024

In nature, leafhoppers cover their body surfaces with brochosomes as a protective coating. These leafhopper-produced brochosomes are hollow, buckyball-shaped, nanoscopic spheroids with through-holes distributed across their surfaces, representing a class of deployable optical materials that are rare in nature. Despite their discovery in the 1950s, it remains unknown why the sizes of brochosomes and their through-holes consistently fall within the range of hundreds of nanometers across different leafhopper species. Here, we demonstrate that the hierarchical geometries of brochosomes are engineered within a narrow size range with through-hole architecture to significantly reduce light reflection. By utilizing two-photon polymerization three-dimensional printing to fabricate high-fidelity synthetic brochosomes, we investigated the optical form-to-function relationship of brochosomes. Our results show that the diameters of brochosomes are engineered within a specific size range to maximize broadband light scattering, while the secondary through-holes are designed to function as short-wavelength, low-pass filters, further reducing light reflection. These synergistic effects enable brochosomes to achieve a substantial reduction in specular reflection, by up to approximately 80 to 94%, across a broadband wavelength range. Importantly, brochosomes represent a biological example demonstrating short-wavelength, low-pass filter functionality. Furthermore, our results indicate that the geometries of natural brochosomes may have evolved to effectively reduce reflection from ultraviolet to visible light, thereby enabling leafhoppers to evade predators whose vision spectrum encompasses both ultraviolet and visible light. Our findings offer key design insights into a class of deployable bioinspired optical materials with potential applications in omnidirectional antireflection coatings, optical encryption, and multispectral camouflage.
A method to build feature descriptor for GNSS spoofing detection by carrier phase double difference measurement
Authors: Dinh Thuan Nguyen , Huu Truong Trinh , Van Hien Nguyen , The Vinh La , Ngoc Hung Pham , Hai Tung Ta , Hoang-Van Hiep
Published: March 2024

GNSS spoofing is a type of attack that aims to deceive GNSS receivers by transmitting fake signals that imitate the authentic ones. To detect such attacks, a possible solution is to calculate the double difference (DD) of carrier phase measurements between two antennas of two separated receivers. This DD measurement represents the angle of arrival (AoA) information of the signal. In the case of authentic signals, each signal comes from a different satellite, so the AoA values are different for each satellite. However, in the case of a spoofing attack, all the counterfeit signals from the same broadcaster come from the same direction, and thus the AoA values are the same for all DD measurements. Sum of Squares (SoS) detector and Dispersion of Double Difference (D3) detector are known as simple but effective methods for spoofing detection. However, these detectors are not robust in some special regions where cycle slips are large and vary rapidly. This paper proposes a new method for detecting GNSS spoofing by using carrier phase double difference measurements to generate a feature vector as a descriptor for each satellite in a set of observed satellites. The feature vectors are formed by statistical parameters of a series of consecutive double difference values computed for each reference satellite. Our proposed feature descriptor has been evaluated on a dataset containing both real and fake signals using an SVM classifier. The study shows that the proposed feature descriptor is highly effective in detecting spoofing satellite signals.
Influence of vacancy type defects on the exchange integrals in ferromagnetic metals: a Monte-Carlo-based approach
Authors: Billgates LeBert Sam , Joseyphus R Justin
Published: March 2024

Estimating exchange interactions in real systems, particularly with defects like vacancies and impurities, poses significant challenges. A classical Monte-Carlo spin simulation within an atomistic machine-learning framework is utilized to predict the pairwise exchange interactions in ideal and defective bcc Fe and fcc Ni systems. The results closely replicate the experimental Curie temperature, with a reduction in exchange interaction by ∼1 meV for the system with cluster vacancy concentration up to 6%. An exponential relationship is established between the classical rescaling parameter

α

and microscopic exchange interaction enhancing

α

up to 3.35 and 2.5 in Fe and Ni, respectively. Additionally, the spin wave stiffness constant calculated using the near neighbor Heisenberg model demonstrates a dampening in both Fe and Ni with the inclusion of cluster vacancies.
Wave-breaking limit of electrostatic waves in two-temperature electron-positron plasmas
Authors: Biswas Anubhab , Maity Chandan
Published: March 2024

Wave-breaking limit of high frequency electrostatic waves in a four-component two-temperature electron-positron (EP) plasma has been studied. Using Sagdeevs pseudopotential approach, the wave-breaking limit in such plasmas has been derived, taking into account the dynamics of both the hot and cool species. It is observed that the value of the limit is diminished in a two temperature EP plasma in comparison to a single-temperature one. The analysis also reveals that the wave-breaking limit is greatly influenced by the ratio of the equilibrium density of the hot species to the equilibrium density of the cool species, and the temperatures of the two species of the plasma. The results of this investigation is expected to have applications in astrophysical and space-plasma environments.
Enhancing broadband terahertz absorption via a graphene-based metasurface absorber featuring a rectangular ring and triple crossbars
Authors: Chou Chau Yuan-Fong
Published: March 2024

This study introduces an innovative strategy to achieve a versatile and adaptive terahertz (THz) absorber by leveraging a graphene-based metasurface. This metasurface comprises a rectangular ring, three crossbars and a grounded gold film, all separated by a thin SiO2 layer. The phenomenon of plasmonic hybridization, involving surface and cavity plasmon resonances, enables the interaction between incident THz waves and the proposed graphene-based metasurface, leading to a substantial enhancement in the absorptance bandwidth of the plasmonic system. The enhancement of absorptance can be finely adjusted by modifying the chemical potential (Fermi energy) in graphene and manipulating the structural parameters of the device. A notable feature of our design is its inherent resistance to variations in incident angles and polarization states of incoming electromagnetic waves. The proposed device achieves an absorptance exceeding 80% across a continuous spectrum, exhibiting a bandwidth of approximately 0.90 THz from 0.94 to 1.84 THz. This robust characteristic ensures consistent and reliable performance in diverse scenarios. Our findings present intriguing prospects for various applications centered on wave modulation, which encompass, but are not limited to, THz imaging, filtering, energy harvesting, and tunable sensors.
Compact and high gain cup-shaped 4-Port MIMO antenna using low profile material for the sub-6 GHz, IoT and military applications
Authors: Kannan T , Taher Fatma , Sree Mohamed Fathy Abo , Lavadiya Sunil
Published: March 2024

The article introduces a novel design of a miniaturised and high-gain 4-Port MIMO antenna ingeniously crafted as a cup. The evolution of the radiating structure, achieved through meticulous iterations involving alterations to the patch element’s shape and feedline modifications, underscores the commitment to optimal performance. Leveraging parametric analysis, which includes strategic adjustments to the ground layer’s length, incorporation of vertical and horizontal slots, and the addition of a parasitic patch in the top layer, our proposed framework spans the spectrum from 1 GHz to 14 GHz. The antenna exhibits a tripartite frequency response at 4.6 GHz, 8.7 GHz, and 13 GHz, showcasing a peak bandwidth of 5.5 GHz and a minimum return loss of −24.22 dB. Remarkably, the design achieves a peak gain of 8.32 dB, coupled with stellar performance in diverse parameters such as ECC, MEG, TARC, CCL, and DG. Constructed with low-profile FR4 material, the antenna thoroughly compares simulated and measured results, affirming its robust performance. This innovative architecture, poised for Sub6GHz, IoT, and military applications, not only pushes the boundaries of antenna design but also stands out as a significant advancement in the field.
Characteristics of pedestrian evacuation from narrow seated area considering exit failure: experimental and simulation results
Authors: Hu Xiangmin , Chen Tao , Wang Jianyu , Liu Xiang , Li Meng , Sun Zhanhui
Published: March 2024

Narrow seated spaces with multiple exits are prevalent structures in public buildings, underscoring the paramount importance of facilitating swift evacuation in such constrained environments. In this study, we first conducted evacuation experiments in a realistic narrow seated area. By manipulating different availability conditions for two exits located at the ends of the long aisle, we studied the effects of unpredictable exit failures, specifically, how the exit switch and explicit guidance influence the evacuation process. The movement characteristics are explored in several aspects, such as pre-evacuation time, aisle conflicts, speed, distance headway, evacuation time, and time lapse. We found that once people have encountered the exit failure condition, they would demonstrate enhanced preparedness in subsequent trials, leading to expedited exit switches. With explicit guidance, people would be less hesitant and move faster in the main aisle. The fine-grid cellular automata model is extended based on the experimental observations to verify its feasibility in simulating this process. Conflict resolution and turning behavior are incorporated for a more nuanced description. The effects of the exit switch are parameterized through the informed probability and the speed reduction.
Elastic and transport coefficients of the perfect hard-sphere crystal from the poles of the hydrodynamic spectral functions
Authors: Mabillard Joël , Gaspard Pierre
Published: March 2024

The elastic and transport coefficients of a perfect face-centered cubic crystal of hard spheres are computed from the poles of the dynamic structure factor and of the spectral functions of transverse momentum density fluctuations. For such crystals, the relevant coefficients are the three isothermal elastic constants

(

C

11

T

,

C

12

T

,

C

44

T

)

, the heat conductivity κ, and the three viscosities

(

η

11

,

η

12

,

η

44

)

(in Voigt’s notations), which are directly computed using molecular dynamics simulations. The elastic and transport coefficients are then compared to the values of the same coefficients obtained with the method of Helfand moments, showing good agreement and providing strong support for the microscopic hydrodynamic theory of perfect crystals based on the local-equilibrium approach.
Stochastic thermodynamics of Brownian motion in temperature gradient
Authors: Ding Mingnan , Wu Jun , Xing Xiangjun
Published: March 2024

We study stochastic thermodynamics of a Brownian particle which is subjected to a temperature gradient and is confined by an external potential. We first formulate an over-damped Ito-Langevin theory in terms of local temperature, friction coefficient, and steady state distribution, all of which are experimentally measurable. We then study the associated stochastic thermodynamics theory. We analyze the excess entropy production both at trajectory level and at ensemble level, and derive the Clausius inequality as well as the transient fluctuation theorem (FT). We also use molecular dynamics to simulate a Brownian particle inside a Lennard-Jones fluid and verify the FT. Remarkably we find that the FT remains valid even in the under-damped regime. We explain the possible mechanism underlying this surprising result.
Analysis of the influence of FDM parameters in the tensile strength response using machine learning
Authors: Cudris V , Santiago V J , Londoño C A , Lopez H
Published: March 2024

This research presents a comprehensive experimental study on the effect of temperature, material and process parameters related to tensile strength response in 3D printing manufacturing process with ABS material. A Hyper Latin Square design was chosen for the experimental points distribution. Thirteen parameters with multiple levels are considered LAYERHEIGHT, WALLTHICKNESS, TOPBOTTOMTHICKNESS, TOPBOTTOM-LINEDIRECTION1, TOPBOTTOMLINEDIRECTION2, INFILLDENSITY, INFILLLINEDI-RECTION1, INFILLLINEDIRECTION2, PRINTSPEED, EXTRUSIONTEMP, BEDTEMP, WORKSPACETEMP and POSITION. Type IV tensile specimens are fabricated and tested with an universal testing machine. Maximum stress is measured, evaluated and analyzed in three different building positions.Machine learning algorithm with Orange Data mining software are used to study underlying relations between factors and response. Experimental results indicate that INFILLDENSITY, TOPBOTTOMTHICKNESS and INFILLLINEDIRECTION1 has a strong positive correlation with tensile strength. Meanwhile, TOPBOTTOMLINEDI-RECTION1, WORKSPACETEMPERATURE and PRINTSPEED has a negative correlation with tensile strength. Position 1 with line depositions parallel to Y axis produce the higher tensile strength response. Findings imply that machine algorithms can be used to study multiple parameters at time.
Obtaining the percentages of ductility and brittleness of AISI/SAE 1020 and 304 steels, using digital image processing.
Authors: Rincon-Quintero A D , Lengerke O , Sandoval-Rodriguez C L , Jaimes Quintero K T
Published: March 2024

This research is the integration of a set of elements in a system of capturing, processing, and digital image analysis. It allows a better visual and numeric interpretation to determine the toughness, ductility percentage, and fragility of steel AISI/SAE 1020 and 30, getting better qualitative and quantitative observation of the results from the impact test (Charpy test). Patterns in the standard form, ASTM E23, were digitalized to evaluate the percentage of ductility/fragility of specimen testing. After, we calculated the area and the equivalent diameter of the material. using digital image processing and numerical comparison between the patterns specified in the standard form ASTM E23 and the testing in the impact test, and it allows to find the kind of pattern it is closest and determine which degree of ductility. Finally, the results were compared by three experts. The algorithm accuracy was 80%.
Finite element analysis of thermal sensitivity of copper nanorods, nanoellipsoids, nanospheres and core-shells for hyperthermia application
Authors: Daud Muhammad Usama , Abbas Ghulam , Afzaal Muhammad , Qamar Muhammad , Naz Muhammad Yasin , Irfan Muhammad , Rahman Saifur , Ghuffar Abdul , Magzoub Mohamed Ali Muawia Abdelkafi
Published: March 2024

Hyperthermia is a cancer treatment strategy that involves raising the temperature of the afflicted tissues without disrupting the surrounding tissues. This study is focused on finite element analysis of copper, nanoellipsoids, nanorods, nanospheres and core-shells for potential hyperthermia application. The temperature of copper nanostructures was elevated using an external source to the desired temperature to destroy the cancerous cell. The COMSOL Multiphysics package was used to calculate how long it would take to achieve the desired temperature using different nanostructures of copper. Thermal sensitivity of the tested nanostructures was checked by putting them in a spherical domain of tissue. It was observed that copper nano-rod attained the highest temperature of 43.3 °C compared to other geometries. It was also found that these geometries attained thermal equilibrium just after 0.5 μs. However, the copper nano-ellipsoid had a higher core volume, which is utilized to determine the thermal sensitivity of the nanostructures. Noble metal (Au) coating was first found to be better than PEG polymer coating for investigating core–shell structures. The Au coating on the surface of the copper core resulted in a gradual decrease in temperature with an increasing volume coverage ratio. These results conclude that copper nanostructures can be suitable candidates for hyperthermia.
Eclipse web service application programming interface
Authors: Zou Lian , Yu Shaode , Xie Zhao , Xie Yaoqin
Published: March 2024

Objective. Low-coupling seamless integration of multiple systems is the core foundation of smart radiotherapy. Following Service-Oriented Architecture style, a set of named operations (Eclipse Web Service API, EWSAPI) was developed for realizing network call of Eclipse. Approach. Under the guidance of Vertical Slice Architecture, EWSAPI was implemented in the C# language and based on ASP .Net Core 6.0. Each operation consists of three components: Request, Endpoint and Response. Depending on the function, the exchanged data for each operation, as input or output parameters, is the empty or a predefined JSON data. These operations were realized and enriched gradually, layer by layer, with reference to the clinical business classification. The business logic of each operation was developed and maintained independently. In situations where Eclipse Scripting API(ESAPI) was required, constraints of ESAPI were followed. Main results. Selected features of Eclipse TPS were encapsulated as standard web services, which can be invocated by other software through network. Several processes for data quality control and planning were encapsulated into interfaces, thereby extending the functionality of Eclipse. Currently, EWSAPI already covers testing of service interface, quality control of radiotherapy data, automation tasks for plan designing and DICOM RT files’ transmission. All the interfaces support asynchronous invocation. A separate Eclipse context will be created for each invocation, and is released in the end. Significance. EWSAPI which is a set of standard web services for calling Eclipse features through network is flexible and extensible. It is an efficient way to integration of Eclipse and other systems and will be gradually enriched with the deepening of clinical applications.
Measurement-device-independent quantum random number generation over 23 Mbps with imperfect single-photon sources
Authors: Nie You-Qi , Zhou Hongyi , Bai Bing , Xu Qi , Ma Xiongfeng , Zhang Jun , Pan Jian-Wei
Published: March 2024

Quantum randomness relies heavily on the accurate characterization of the generator implementation, where the device imperfection or inaccurate characterization can lead to incorrect entropy estimation and practical bias, significantly affecting the reliability of the generated randomness. Measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum random number generation (QRNG) endeavors to produce certified randomness, utilizing uncharacterized and untrusted measurement devices that are vulnerable to numerous attack schemes targeting measurement loopholes. However, existing implementations have shown insufficient performance thus far. Here, we propose a high-speed MDI-QRNG scheme based on a robust measurement tomography approach against the imperfection of single-photon sources. Compared with the conventional approach, the decoy-state method is introduced to obtain more accurate tomography results and a tighter lower bound of randomness. Finally, by using a high-speed time-bin encoding system, we experimentally demonstrated the scheme and obtained a reliable min-entropy lower bound of

7.37
×

10

−
2

bits per pulse, corresponding to a generation rate over 23 Mbps, which substantially outperforms the existing realizations and makes a record in discrete-variable semi-device-independent QRNGs.
Quantum secure multi-party computational geometry based on multi-party summation and multiplication
Authors: Dou Zhao , Wang Yifei , Liu Zhaoqian , Bi Jingguo , Chen Xiubo , Li Lixiang
Published: March 2024

Secure multi-party computational geometry is a branch of secure multi-party computation, which is applied in many important fields. But up to now, the research on how to solve this problem with quantum methods has just started. Therefore, we study the design of quantum secure multi-party computational geometry (QSMCG) protocols in this paper. As the foundation, we extend the two-party summation and multiplication protocols proposed by Sutradhar and Om to multi-party protocols. Then we propose three new QSMCG protocols. Our proposed quantum secure two-party distance computation protocol has improvement in efficiency and accuracy. And the proposed quantum secure multi-party polytope volume computation protocol as well as the quantum secure circle–circle intersection area computation protocol are designed for the first time. Moreover, these protocols are designed to use multi-third parties, which solves the problem of intermediate value leakage in computation. The correctness, security and performance of all these protocols are analyzed.
Comparative analysis of indices in capturing the onset and withdrawal of the South Asian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Li Xiuping , Wang Lei , Zhong Shiyuan , Liu Liu
Published: March 2024

The South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) exerts a profound influence on South Asia and the southern Tibetan Plateau. The timing of its onset and withdrawal significantly impacts regional rainfall, a critical water source for agriculture and the economy. Various SASM indices, employing different variables, have been employed to gauge monsoon onset and withdrawal, each demonstrating distinct characteristics. This study provides a comprehensive comparison of prominent SASM indices related to onset and withdrawal, revealing similar timing but varying magnitudes. Across nearly all indices, a consistent pattern emerges, indicating a trend towards earlier onset and delayed retreat during 1979–2018, marked by pronounced interdecadal variability, with a notable turning point around 1997. The earlier onset and later retreat are likely to enhance rainfall and potential water resources for South Asia and the Tibetan Plateau. Delving into the mechanisms revealed a delayed connection between the SASM onset to the large-scale sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies characterized by the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) in the preceding spring, but a simultaneous connection between SASM withdrawl and ONI in autumn. Current index definitions, relying on single or dual variables, may fall short in accurately depicting monsoon onset and withdrawal. To address this, we introduce a novel monsoon index derived from multiple large-scale circulation variables, offering improved trend capture and enhanced representation of interannual variability in SASM onset and withdrawal. This study advances our understanding of SASM indices and their correlation with monsoon rainfall, providing insights into the dynamics of SASM onset and withdrawal.
Note on volume and distribution of fresh water in the Amazon River plume under low discharge conditions
Authors: Zavialov Peter O , Drozdova Anastasia N , Möller Osmar O , Krylov Ivan N , Lentini Carlos A D , Pérez Carolina R , Frey Dmitry I , Morozov Eugene G
Published: March 2024

In this research communication, we report the results of a field survey conducted in a part of the plume of the Amazon River between 0° and 5°N and offshore of the 28 m isobaths in November of 2022, during the low river discharge season. By comparing the observed vertical salinity profiles ‘disturbed’ by continental discharges within the plume with the virtually ‘undisturbed’ ones outside the plume, we estimated the total content of fresh water in the area covered by the measurements as 203 ± 22 km3, which equals to less than 3% of the average annual Amazon River discharge. Furthermore, we argue that the river-borne continental water was not confined to the upper mixed layer and show that about 37%, or 76 km3, of its volume was entrained into the plume-underlying layer between the mixed layer and the salinity maximum. This point is additionally supported by analysis of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence in water samples, demonstrating significant concentrations of terrigenous CDOM to depths up to 140 m. We also observed that there was a significant direct correlation between the volume of freshwater accumulated in the affected layer and background stratification (expressed as buoyancy frequency) in the unaffected layer below it.
Roadmap on multivalent batteries
Authors: Palacin M Rosa , Johansson Patrik , Dominko Robert , Dlugatch Ben , Aurbach Doron , Li Zhenyou , Fichtner Maximilian , Lužanin Olivera , Bitenc Jan , Wei Zhixuan , Glaser Clarissa , Janek Jürgen , Fernández-Barquín Ana , Mainar Aroa R , Leonet Olatz , Urdampilleta Idoia , Blázquez J Alberto , Tchitchekova Deyana S , Ponrouch Alexandre , Canepa Pieremanuele , Gautam Gopalakrishnan Sai , Casilda Raúl San Román Gallego , Martinez-Cisneros Cynthia S , Torres Nieves Ureña , Varez Alejandro , Sanchez Jean-Yves , Kravchyk Kostiantyn V , Kovalenko Maksym V , Teck Anastasia A , Shiel Huw , Stephens Ifan E L , Ryan Mary P , Zemlyanushin Eugen , Dsoke Sonia , Grieco Rebecca , Patil Nagaraj , Marcilla Rebeca , Gao Xuan , Carmalt Claire J , He Guanjie , Titirici Maria-Magdalena
Published: March 2024

Battery technologies based in multivalent charge carriers with ideally two or three electrons transferred per ion exchanged between the electrodes have large promises in raw performance numbers, most often expressed as high energy density, and are also ideally based on raw materials that are widely abundant and less expensive. Yet, these are still globally in their infancy, with some concepts (e.g. Mg metal) being more technologically mature. The challenges to address are derived on one side from the highly polarizing nature of multivalent ions when compared to single valent concepts such as Li+ or Na+ present in Li-ion or Na-ion batteries, and on the other, from the difficulties in achieving efficient metal plating/stripping (which remains the holy grail for lithium). Nonetheless, research performed to date has given some fruits and a clearer view of the challenges ahead. These include technological topics (production of thin and ductile metal foil anodes) but also chemical aspects (electrolytes with high conductivity enabling efficient plating/stripping) or high-capacity cathodes with suitable kinetics (better inorganic hosts for intercalation of such highly polarizable multivalent ions). This roadmap provides an extensive review by experts in the different technologies, which exhibit similarities but also striking differences, of the current state of the art in 2023 and the research directions and strategies currently underway to develop multivalent batteries. The aim is to provide an opinion with respect to the current challenges, potential bottlenecks, and also emerging opportunities for their practical deployment.
A novel fault diagnosis method for permanent magnet synchronous motor based on VS-Inception
Authors: Zhang Zipei , Liu Xiaojiang , Chen Changzheng , Zhang Pinyang , Gao Lu
Published: March 2024

The new energy vehicle industry has an increasing demand for safety, stability, and efficiency in the operation of essential equipment, particularly in the intelligent means of fault diagnosis of motor equipment, which is rising annually. For the past several years, there has been an increasing demand for accuracy and precision in troubleshooting fault diagnosis of permanent magnet synchronous motors. This paper presents a variable-scale Inception (VS-Inception) permanent magnet motor malfunction diagnostic method on the basis of R parameters. Firstly, the Time Series Generative Adversarial Network is utilized to expand the dataset samples of the collected vibration signals, resulting in many virtual signals with motor fault characteristics. Then, the variable parameter variable scale structure of the VS-Inception model is employed to carry out the fault diagnosis of permanent magnet synchronous motors on the expanded dataset. Finally, comparison experiments of VS-Inception with the existing state-of-the-art methods and with the original method are conducted to confirm the superiority even further and stability of the VS-Inception method in the field of permanent magnet synchronous motor malfunction diagnostic.
Finite element analysis and optimization design of large vibrating screen based on equivalent static load method
Authors: Sun Xingdong , Sui Yuhang , Zheng Yukai , Wang Li , Zhu Haowei
Published: March 2024

Vibrating screens have wide applications in various industries, ranging from agriculture to coal mining. In recent years, improvement in production have put forward higher requirements on the efficiency of vibrating screens. However, these large screens are prone to fatigue damage, particularly crack formation, over time. The emergence of substantial dynamic inertial forces can be attributed to the considerable body mass of a large vibrating screen. This study analyzed the structural strength of the HZXZ200x300 large vibrating screen, employing finite element simulation to identify the maximum equivalent stress and primary stress distribution. The main frame model of the vibrating screen box was constructed by integrating the equivalent static load and submodule methods. The model transitioned from dynamic response to static optimization under equivalent static and dynamic loads, significantly reducing calculation scale and enhancing optimization efficiency. Equivalent static sub-models were employed for topology optimization, determining the optimal structure for material performance distribution. This process yielded an optimal conceptual model for reconstructing the actual model. The structural strength was further improved by comparing three-dimensional and dynamic local stress relationships post-topological optimization, followed by reinforcing the vibrating screen structure and introducing reinforced bars for increased stability. The study showed that lightweight topology optimization significantly decreased the stress levels and improved the fatigue durability of beams. Local strengthening, accomplished via topology optimization, effectively reduced the maximum equivalent stress to 76.487 MPa, a decrease of 46.8%. The vibrating screen mass also decreased by 225 kg, a reduction of 14.9%. In summary, this study employed structural analysis, topology optimization, and local reinforcement to mitigate stress levels, enhance the fatigue life of a vibrating screen, and reduce its weight. This study offers an effective solution to the dynamic optimization challenges of complex structures.
Heart, the Very Idea
Authors: Darwall Stephen
Published: March 2024

The chapter introduces the topic of heartfelt connection and discusses both why it has been ignored by philosophers and its importance in life and its philosophical relevance. It introduces the Strawsonian structure of “reactive attitudes,” which mediate human relationship from a “participant” (second-person) perspective. It also discusses reactive attitudes’ central features. It argues that the metaphorical character of “heart” is no bar to philosophical investigation, since it can easily be interpreted as a syndrome of emotional vulnerabilities and susceptibilities and, is any case, something everyone recognizes in their own experience. It then introduces each of the chapters to follow along with short summaries.
Respect and Love in Douglass and Baldwin
Authors: Darwall Stephen
Published: March 2024

The contrast between second-personal attitudes of the will through which we respect one another as equal mutually accountable persons, on the one hand, and second-personal attitudes through which we connect with one another in a heartfelt, loving way, is reflected in a difference between Frederick Douglass’s famous speech, “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?” and James Baldwin’s writings and, most vividly, his participation in the 1965 Cambridge Union Debate with William F. Buckley on the proposition, “The American Dream Has Been at the Expense of the American Negro.” Douglass’s speech respectfully puts forward a demand for respect that gives his audience an experience of his (and their) dignity as persons. Baldwin’s intervention is profoundly different. What is most remarkable is Baldwin’s emotional presence, the way he makes himself vulnerable, opens himself to his audience, and speaks honestly from the heart without expectation or demand, although sometimes with real anger.
Non-transitive counterparts of every Tarskian logic
Authors: Szmuc Damian E
Published: March 2024

The aim of this article is to show that, just as in recent years Cobreros, Egré, Ripley and van Rooij have provided a non-transitive counterpart of classical logic (i.e. one in which all classically acceptable inferences are valid but Cut and other metainferences are not), the same can be done for every Tarskian logic, with full generality. To establish this fact, a semantic approach is taken by showing that appropriate structures can be devised to characterize a non-transitive counterpart of every Tarskian logic, starting from the logical matrices that are usually taken to render them.
O53: Robotic Benign Upper GI Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Harris Matthew , Watton Leo , Peters Christopher
Published: March 2024

Robotic surgery has gained popularity in General Surgical units for resectional procedures, however its use in 'benign' operations is limited in the UK. We aim to review the current literature for common benign UGI operations.

Methods

Using PRISMA guidelines, we completed a literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE including all evidence for Robotic Cholecystectomy (RC), Robotic Heller Cardiomyotomy (RH), Robotic Fundoplication (RF), Robotic Hiatus Hernia Repair (RHHR). Data was extracted and synthesised by independent reviewers.103 studies were included. 55 for RC, 12 for RH, 20 for RF and 14 for RHHR. The majority of these studies were cohort and case-control studies (53%). There were only 9 RCTs.

Results

Due to significant heterogeneity in patient population, study design and outcome reporting, meta analyses were not appropriate. Trends observed for RC suggested that the robotic method can lead to improved post-operative pain and cosmesis, especially in single-incision robotic cholecystectomy (SIRC). However 2 cohort studies stated a small increased risk of CBD injury. Evidence for RH show shorter operative time and reduced risk of oesophageal perforation, with other outcomes equivalent. Studies for RF showed equivalence between laparoscopic and robotic methods. In more complex hiatus hernia repair or re-operative operations (RHHR), studies showed shorter operative time, reduced complication rate and equivalent recurrence.

Conclusion

This systematic review has highlighted the paucity of high quality evidence for robotic Upper GI procedures. Studies show at least equivalence between robotic and laparoscopy for less complex procedures, with strong trends towards superiority for more complex procedures such as RH and RHHR.
O164: Assessment of standard FLOT chemotherapy drugs and pan-HER family TKIs in models of HER2-low gastric and oesophageal cancer
Authors: Al Azzawi Mohammed , Castel Myra , Crown John , Collins Denis , Robb William
Published: March 2024

Background

Upper GI cancers have a significant rate of mortality despite advances in treatment. HER2 overexpression is found in 22.3% of gastric and 21% in oesophageal adenocarcinomas (14-32%) with 30% of UGI cancers classed as HER2-low. To examine the potential of pan-HER family inhibition in HER2-low cancers, the effects of pan-HER TKIs neratinib (N) and poziotinib (P) and FLOT chemotherapy ((docetaxel (D), oxaliplatin (O) and 5-Flurouracil (5FU)) were investigated in HER2-low cancer cell lines.

Methods

HER2-low AGS (gastric) and FLO-1 (oesophageal) cancer cell lines were utilised and acid phosphatase-based proliferation assays were used to examine the effect of both single agents and combinations. Assays were carried out in biological triplicate. IC50 and Combination Index (CI) values were calculated using Calcusyn software.

Results

Both AGS and FLO-1 cells displayed high sensitivity to neratinib and poziotinib. FLO-1 cells were significantly more sensitive to docetaxel than AGS cells (p = 0.0461), while AGS cells were significantly more sensitive to oxaliplatin (p = 0.0166). PD, NOX, POX and P5FU combinations were synergistic in AGS cells (CI values between 0.24 and 0.64), while ND and N5FU were antagonistic (CI values ≥ 1.47). In FLO-1 cells, POX was synergistic (CI = 0.59), ND and N5FU were additive (CI = 1.07 and 1.09 respectively) and PD, NOX and P5FU were antagonistic (CI values ≥ 1.67).

Conclusion

Despite the low HER2 expression in AGS and FLO-1, neratinib and poziotinib still show anti-tumour activity. Several combinations of chemotherapy, especially oxaliplatin, with the pan-HER TKIs demonstrated synergy in AGS and FLO-1 cells.
O17: ‘I had to do something’: A qualitative study of patients and healthcare professionals engagement in an interventional diabetic foot ulcer trial
Authors: Hitchman Louise , Twiddy Maureen , Chetter Ian
Published: March 2024

Background

Development of interventions to improve diabetic foot ulcer(DFU) healing is vital, however trials typically under-recruit and translation of effective interventions is limited. This study explores patient and clinician perceptions of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy(ESWT) and the SOLEFUL Trial(randomised control trial of ESWT for DFU).

Methods

Maximum variable sampling technique was used to recruit participants from one tertiary centre and clinicians nationally. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim in four participant groups (participants, dropouts, decliners, and clinicians). Data were analysed with an inductive exploratory approach using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

18 participants, 1 dropout, 3 decliners and 10 clinicians took part. Drivers for participation included desperation for healing and curiosity in a new intervention. Participants perceived the trial offered holistic healthcare, referencing quality-of-life questionnaires and telephone follow-ups. ESWT was viewed as hassle-free and painless, compared to alternatives. Barriers to participation included impact of competing comorbidities and belief care cannot be improved. In contrast, clinicians discussed mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and implementation of new technologies.

Conclusion

This study highlighted key drivers for trial engagement/disengagement in patients with DFUs and their clinicians. These factors must be respected in trial design and delivery to aid successful development of new DFU interventions.