bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Surgeon’s Experience on Implant Placement Accuracy Using a Dynaminc Navigation System: A Cadaver Pilot Study
Authors: Pera Francesco , Vocaturo Camillo , Crupi Armando , Longhi Beatrice , Campagna Alessandro , Gibello Umberto , Roccuzzo Andrea
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the accuracy of dynamic computer-assisted surgical implant placement systems during a practical training on fresh defrozen cephali. Methods: Three defrozen cephali with terminal dentition recieved a total of 26 implants (15 4.3x13mm & 11 4.3x13mm, Nobel Biocare) following a standardized protocol: a digital scanning and planning protocol followed by dynamic navigation surgery (X-Guide, X-Nav Technologies). All surgical interventions were performed by two surgeons: a senior oral surgeon (OE) with more than 5 years of implant dentistry experience and a non-experienced surgeon (NE). Results: Different linear and angular measurements (i.e., deviation shoulder point; deviation tip point; depth deviation shoulder point; depth deviation tip point; B/L and M/D angular deviations) were calculated in duplicate to estimate the discrepanacy of the virutal digital planning respect to the real clinical scenario. Differences between the two operators were also explored. The results of the bivariate analysis detected clinical negligeble differences between operators, without any statistically significand differences for all investigated parameters (p>0.05). Conclusions: The preliminary positive findings of this pilot study suggest that the investigated dynaminc navigation system could be a viable and safe technique for implant surgery and may offer additional safly benefits to not-experienced operators, despite the required learning.
Effect of Pre-/Post-Heat Treatment on Pasteurization of Bacillus subtilis Spore Suspended in Soy Milk by Medium High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment
Authors: Kazuya Morimatsu
Published: December 2024

Medium high hydrostatic pressure (MHHP) treatment can induce the spore to germinate via activating germination receptor and subsequently to lose heat tolerance of the spore and finally to kill the germinated spore although the ungerminated spore even after MHHP treatment can be survived. This study aims to clarify effect of post-/pre-heat treatment on pasteurization of Bacillus subtilis spore suspended in soy milk as a food model by MHHP treatment. In the result, D value, as known heat tolerance indicator, of the MHHP treated spore was decreased in comparison with the untreated spore. However, activation energy required for killing both of the untreated and the MHHP-treated spore were equivalent, which indicated that MHHP treatment might increase heat conductivity of the ungerminated spore after MHHP treatment. When the spore was subjected to pre-heat treatment and subsequently to MHHP treatment, pasteurization effect of MHHP treatment was differed to the heating temperature. Pre-heat treatment at 80 C promote the pasteurization while that at 90-100 C, which might be caused by heat activation/inactivation of germination receptors. From these results, combination of MHHP treatment with post-/pre-heat treatment could be effective for pasteurization of B. subtilis although pre-heat treatment was limited lower temperature than 80 C.
Territorial Brands for Rural Development Strategies in Protected Natural Spaces: A Social Demand Analysis
Authors: Albaladejo-García José A. , Martínez-García Gonzalo , Martínez-Paz José M.
Published: December 2024

The economic decline of some rural areas is leading to the development of strategies to enhance the value of local economies. This is particularly important in natural protected spaces, where the aim is to encourage the provision of ecosystem services and strengthen commitment to sustainable development and economic growth. One of the rural development strategies with a growing interest in promoting the sustainability of rural areas in natural protected spaces is the use of territorial brands. The objective of this work is to analyze the social demand for territorial-branded products in protected natural spaces. The territorial-branded of Sierra Espuña Regional Park (SE-Spain) has been selected as a pragmatic case where the aim is to promote the production and consumption of sustainable local products. To this end, a contingent valuation survey to consumer was carried out to study the demand for honey, one of the most characteristic products of this territorial brand. The results demonstrate the high social demand for honey under the Sierra Espuña territorial brand, with an average surcharge of almost thirty percent compared to the conventional product, and a positive influence of the perception of supporting ecosystem services on this social demand. These results provide an empirical basis for the integration and promotion of production and marketing strategies with territorial brands, in the interests of rural development from and for the territory.
A Study on the Appearance and Behavioral Patterns of Robots for Fostering Attachment in Users
Authors: Eum Younseal , Park Cheonyu , Kang Gihun , Chun Yeonghun , Han Jeakweon
Published: December 2024

As the importance of emotional interaction between humans and robots continues to gain attention, numerous studies have been conducted to identify the characteristics and effects of emotional HRI (Human-Robot Interaction) elements applied to robots. However, no study has yet combined various HRI elements into a single robot and conducted large-scale user experiments to determine which HRI element users prefer the most. This study selected four characteristics that facilitate attachment and emotional bonding between humans and animals: grooming, emotional transfer, imprinting, and cooperative hunting (play). These four characteristics were incorporated into the design and behavioral patterns of the robot EDIE as HRI elements. To allow users to effectively experience these elements, a 30-minute runtime robot performance content featuring EDIE as the main character was developed. This large-scale experiment in the form of a performance enabled participants to engage with all four HRI elements and then respond to a survey identifying their most preferred element. Over two experiments involving a total of 3,760 participants, this study examined trends in user preferences regarding the robot's characteristics. By identifying the most effective HRI elements for fostering user attachment to robots, the findings aim to contribute to the harmonious coexistence of humans and robots.
First-Principles Exploration for Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of S-Doped Bi4O5Br2
Authors: Liu Gaihui , Shi Huihui , Dong Nan , Cao Xinrui , Gao Xue , Xue Suqin , Zhang Fuchun
Published: December 2024

At present, many researches have explored the modification of Bi₄O₅Br₂, but relatively few have focused on non-metallic doping. Particularly, the effect of S doping on its photocatalytic mechanism remains unclear. Hence, this study systematically investigates the modulation mechanism of the electronic structure and optical properties of Bi₄O₅Br₂ by doped S using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The calculated results indicate that the Br4Br1 model, in which S replaces Br at sites 4 and 1, is the most thermodynamically stable configuration. Comparing the models before and after doping, it is found that S doping significantly alters the lattice parameters of Bi₄O₅Br₂, thus affecting its electronic structure. Furthermore, differential charge density calculations reveal that S doping improves charge transfer capability and enhances the separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in Bi₄O₅Br₂. Calculated absorption spectra demonstrate that S doping augments the light absorption of Bi₄O₅Br₂ in the low and medium energy regions. Moreover, the dielectric function calculations further validate the effect of S doping on the optical properties of Bi₄O₅Br₂. Specifically, there is an increase in polarization and energy loss in the low energy region, with an opposite trend in the middle and high energy regions. Overall, S doping elevated the light absorption capacity and charge transfer efficiency of Bi₄O₅Br₂ by altering its lattice parameter and electronic structure, which facilitated the enhancement of photocatalytic performance. This study provides new insights into the development of efficient photocatalytic materials and broadens the potential of Bi₄O₅Br₂ for photocatalytic applications.
A Metapopulation Model to Assess Water Management Impacts on the Threatened Australian Lungfish and Neoceratodus forsteri
Authors: Todd Charles Robert , McDougall Andrew J. , Raymond Scott M. C. , Hale Robin , Brown Timothy R. , Koehn John Douglas , Wootton Henry Felix , Brooks Steven G. , Kitchingman Adrian M. , Espinoza Tom , Fanson Benjamin G. , Kind Peter K. , Marshall Sharon M. , Roberts David T.
Published: December 2024

Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, has a slow life-history, are one of the world’s oldest living vertebrate lineages, are listed as a threatened species and requires immediate conservation management. The main threats to lungfish populations are degradation and availability of key macrophyte habitats, and water regulation and flow modification. As this long-lived species (at least 77 years) has delayed maturity (mature at 10 years), field monitoring alone will not be enough to inform the challenge of ensuring sustainable populations. A stochastic metapopulation model was developed for the Burnett River (south-east Queensland, Australia), an important habitat for the lungfish that is a highly regulated system with extensive water infrastructure. The model consists of three interacting populations, each with post-development streamflow, habitat and movement rules and is underpinned by an 80 year-class population projection matrix. The model highlights the longer-term interaction between dams and stream flows on habitat availability and subsequent recruitment. Through a pre-development streamflow, we quantify the impact of high regulation and development on the lungfish population in the Burnett River, with 95% decline in one population and a metapopulation decline of 31%. Our modelling approach substantially advances conservation management of this species as it can be adapted to suit other populations in other river systems and used to test sensitivity to recovery actions.
The Regenerative Scaffold Stenting & Shielding Hernia System for Abdominal Hernioplasty Promotes Extensive Neo-Angiogenesis in an Experimental Porcine Model
Authors: Amato Giuseppe , Agrusa Antonino , Rodolico Vito , Puleio Roberto , Di Buono Giuseppe , Cassata Giovanni , Cicero Luca , Cirincione Roberta , Romano Giorgio , Neto Claudia , Ra William , Romano Giorgio
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
The biological response to hernia prostheses remains a topic of ongoing debate. Traditional static hernia meshes, widely used to reinforce the herniated abdominal wall, often lead to poor-quality fibrotic tissue ingrowth, mesh shrinkage, and complications such as nerve entrapment. These issues are particularly problematic in groin hernia repairs, where scar tissue can impair movement and cause discomfort. To address these challenges, the dynamic Stenting & Shielding (S&S) Hernia System was developed, promoting a probiotic biological response that supports the ingrowth of new muscles, nerves, and blood vessels.
Materials and Methods:
This study evaluated the quantity and quality of vascular development within the 3D scaffold of the S&S device implanted in the lower abdominal wall of pigs, with assessments made at various post-implantation stages.
Results:
Early-stage post-implantation revealed extensive angiogenesis within the S&S device excised from the pigs. The quantity and quality of arteries and veins progressively increased, reaching full development from the mid to extra-long term post-implantation. Notably, no inflammatory reactions or stiff scar tissue were observed within the 3D scaffold of the S&S device even long term.
Conclusion:
High quality biological ingrowth in hernia devices requires robust vascular support. The extensive network of mature arteries and veins observed in the S&S Hernia System underscores its regenerative capabilities, making it a promising solution for the treatment of abdominal wall hernias.
Magnetic, and Dielectric Properties of Cobalt and Zirconium Co-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles via Hydrothermal Synthesis Approach
Authors: Yaqoob Saba , Ali Zulfiqar , D'Amore Alberto
Published: December 2024

Magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles play a significant role due to their extensive applications ranging from fundamental research to industrial use. This work presents magnetic, and dielectric properties of (Co, Zr) co-doped iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method. The synthesis temperature was 150°C, and time varied as 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours for five samples. Co-doping of cobalt and zirconium significantly affects the achievement of a particular magnetic phase of iron oxide. The frequency-dependent dielectric and impedance studies are presented using an impedance analyzer at room temperature in a wide frequency range. The typical dispersion behavior of characteristic dielectric parameters was investigated using Maxwell-Wagner's model and Koop's theory. The dielectric constant value is maximum (~58 at log f ~1.5) for the sample synthesized using the hydrothermal method under 8 hours reaction time. Magnetic properties are examined using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM Lakeshore 7404). Ferromagnetic MH loops were observed with a maximum value of magnetic saturation (~45emu/g) for the sample synthesized using 8 hours of reaction time.
The Roots of Resilience: Strengthening Agricultural Sustainability in Tengger, Indonesia through Social Capital
Authors: Ambayoen Mas Ayu , Hidayat Kliwon , Yuliati Yayuk , Cahyono and Edi Dwi
Published: December 2024

It has become a particularly important concept in the context of sustainable development, where many mountain communities face multiple socioecological vulnerabilities, including Tengger in Indonesia. This paper attempts to analyze how bonding, bridging, and linking forms of social capital support agricultural sustainability in the Tengger region. The data were collected with a qualitative descriptive approach through a case study method, including in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis across two villages within the region of the Tengger Mountains. Results indicate that ecological, social, and economic dimensions of sustainability in agricultural practices have been explained with the help of all three dimensions of social capital. The findings contribute to the literature on how social capital contributes to agricultural sustainability in mountain communities and provide insights for developing more effective interventions. This work generally contributes significantly to an in-depth understanding of how social capital works within the resilience and sustainability of farming communities in mountainous areas.
Assessing Ammonia (NH₃) Emissions, Precursor Gas (SO₂, NOₓ) Concentrations, and Source Contributions to Atmospheric PM₂.₅ from a Commercial Manure Composting Facility
Authors: Lee Sang-Ryong , Kim Gyuwon
Published: December 2024

Increased NH3 emissions from intensive agriculture negatively affect environmental and ecosystem health, contributing to particulate matter (PM) formation and the potent greenhouse gas, N2O. Better understanding ammonia emissions from the manure composting process and their behavior as a constituent of the atmospheric aerosol load is a crucial element in creating better farm management systems, improved public health outcomes and mitigating the broader environmental and climatic impacts of agriculture. Retarded generation of PM with major constituent source of NH3 is a primary mechanism evaluating the effects of agricultural contribution to PM. This study aims to quantify NH3 emissions, examine the influence of environmental factors, and investigate the relationship between precursor gases (SO2, NOx, NH3) and PM2.5 at a modern manure composting facility in Paju, South Korea. Over 35 days, average internal concentrations of NH3, SO2, and NOx were significantly higher than external levels. NH3 concentrations reached 3.64 ± 0.06 mg m-3 at 3m height and 2.43 ± 0.16 mg m-3 at ground level, while the total NH3 flux from the facility was 24.47 ± 1.39 NH3-N kg d-1. Internal PM2.5 concentrations (36.9 ± 2.6 µg m-3) were about 50% higher than external levels (23.7 ± 2 µg m-3), with a moderate correlation (r = 0.341) suggesting some contribution of external PM2.5 to internal levels. Despite large internal emissions, the facility's sealed design with a negative pressure ventilation system effectively minimized external emissions. These results suggest that while manure composting facilities are significant sources of NH3 and PM2.5, advanced systems like high-volume ventilation and scrubbing technologies can effectively reduce their impact on regional air pollution, contributing to better environmental management in agriculture.
Synthesis and Characterization of PEGylated Liposomes and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers with Entrapped Bioactive Triterpenoids: Comparative Fingerprints and Quantification by Uhplc-Qtof-Esi+-Ms, Atr-FTIR Spectroscopy and Hplc-Dad
Authors: Socaciu Carmen , Fetea Florinela , Socaciu Mihai Adrian
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Pentacyclic triterpenoids, as bioactive phytochemicals proved significant bioactivity (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and anticancer) and low cytotoxicity. This study developed convenient methods for extracting and characterizing a birch bark extract enriched in pentacyclic triterpenoids (betulin betulinic acid and lupeol) and entrapped in two bioavailable nanoformulations. The performance of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a cost-effective and non-destructive method was evaluated comparatively with accurate HPLC-based methods. Methods: The bark extract and pure betulin or betulinic acid were used to obtain PEGylated liposomes and Nano Lipid Carriers (NLC). Their size was characterized by light scattering diffraction. UV-VIS spectrometry was applied as a preliminary evaluation (1), the UHPLC-QTOF-ESI+-MS for structure identification (2), the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (for semi-quantitative evaluation) (3), HPLC-DAD for accurate quantification of each component, either in the organic solvents and in nanoformulations (4). Results: The PEGylated liposomes had smaller sizes, and higher entrapment efficiency, significantly correlated between the three analytical methods. The performance of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy was positively correlated with HPLC-DAD data and confirmed the potential of this cheaper and reliable semi-quantitative method to evaluate the entrapment efficiency of TTs in liposome and NLC nanoformulations. Conclusions: The results recommend using liposomal nanoformulations for entrapment of bioactive terpenoids and their characterization by ATR-FTIR after validation by HPLC-DAD. The ATR-FTIR spectroscopy also offers the possibility of screening in a short time different recipes of nanoformulations as well as their stability and bioavailability, useful for investigations in vitro and in vivo which may confirm their efficacy as therapeutic agents.
The Dynamic Regenerative Scaffold of the Stenting & Shielding Hernia System for Abdominal Hernioplasty Promotes Neo-Nervegenesis in Experimental Porcine Model
Authors: Amato Giuseppe , Romano Giorgio , Puleio Roberto , Di Buono Giuseppe , Cicero Luca , Cassata Giovanni , Romano Giorgio , Neto Claudia , Rà William , Rodolico Vito , Agrusa Antonino
Published: December 2024

Background Prosthetic repair of abdominal wall hernias often leads to complications due to fixation and poor tissue integration. To overcome these issues, the Stenting & Shielding (S&S) Hernia System, a fixation-free 3D scaffold made of TPE, was developed. Tested in a porcine model, the device's dynamic compliance during abdominal movements promoted enhanced tissue regeneration, including the formation of new muscle fibers, blood vessels, and notably, neo-neurogenesis.
Methods
This study aimed to quantify and characterize the neural ingrowth within the 3D scaffold of the S&S device over various period: short, medium, long, and extra-long term following implantation in experimental pigs. Biopsy specimens were excised from the 3D scaffold of the S&S device to assess the extent and quality of neo-nervegenesis.
Results
The Findings revealed newly formed nervous structures within biopsy specimens. In the short term, multiple nerve fiber clusters were identified. By the midterm, these nerves showed increased maturation, ultimately culminating in fully developed neural components that remained consolidated in the extra-long term stage.
Conclusion The observed development of highly specialized nervous elements within The S&S device marks a significant advancement in enhancing biological response in abdominal hernioplasty. By fostering the regrowth of essential tissue components within the abdominal wall, the S&S device may effectively reverse the degenerative processes underlying hernia formation, promoting true tissue regeneration and potentially improving postoperative outcomes for patients.
Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Decoding Their Structural Variability, Health Benefits, and the Evolution of Infant Nutrition
Authors: Duman Hatice , Bechelany Mikhael , Karav Sercan
Published: December 2024

Human milk oligosaccharides, often known as HMOs, are the third most prevalent solid component found in human milk. Due to secretor status, race, geographic location, season, maternal nutrition and weight, gestational age, and delivery technique, HMO levels and distribution vary greatly across women. HMOs have been shown to have a variety of functional roles in the development of infants in recent studies. Because HMOs are not digested by the infants, they act as metabolic substrates for certain bacteria, helping to establish the infant's gut microbiota. By encouraging the growth of advantageous intestinal bacteria, these sugars function as prebiotics and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are essential for gut health. HMOs can also specifically reduce harmful microbe and virus binding to the gut epithelium, preventing illness. They can also directly regulate host-epithelial immunity. HMO addition to infant formula is safe and promotes healthy development, infection prevention, and microbiota. Current infant formulae frequently contain oligosaccharides (OSs) that differ structurally from those found in human milk, making it unlikely that they would reproduce the unique effects of HMOs. However, there is a growing trend of manufacturing OSs similar to those found in human milk. There is insufficient information available to compare the effects of HMOs with non-human OSs, hence it is unknown if HMOs have any further therapeutic advantages. Better knowledge of how the human mammary gland synthesizes HMOs could direct the development of technologies that yield a broad variety of complex HMOs with OSs compositions that closely mimic human milk. This review discusses HMOs' broad and complicated nature, as well as their critical role in newborn health. The large variance in HMO composition among mothers and the contributing factors are investigated. The most recent technology developments that allow large-scale investigations on HMO composition and its impact on infant health outcomes are highlighted. Furthermore, HMOs' multifunctional roles in biological process such as infection prevention, brain development, and gut microbiota and immune response regulation are investigated. The structural distinctions between HMOs and other mammalian OSs in infant formulae are discussed, with a focus on the trend towards producing more precise replicas of HMOs found in human milk.
Understanding Mortality in Acute Heart Failure: A Retrospective Study in Santiago, Chile
Authors: Mallol-Simmonds Manuel , Canete-Palta Ivan , Bustamante-Munoz Sergio , Reyes Alejandro , Valenzuela Catalina , Villarroel Alfredo , Osses Marisol
Published: December 2024

Backround: Acute heart failure (AHF) is a severe condition with high mortality, with variable data depending on the region. The objective of the study was to describe its mortality in a high-complexity hospital in Santiago, Chile, and the associated factors. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 184 patients admitted between 2017 and 2019, aged over 18, and diagnosed with AHF by a cardiology resident. Clinical, sociodemographic, and therapeutic variables were recorded. Regression models and descriptive statistics were used. Results: The 12-month mortality rate was 22.7%, of which 35% were due to cardiac causes. The associated risk factors were age (HR 2.28, 95%CI: 1.22-4.23; p<0.05), plasma creatinine at admission (OR 1.87, 95%CI: 1.16-3.40; p<0.05), ProBNP over 4140 pg/mL (RR 2.0, 95%CI: 1.02-4.13; p<0.05), chronic kidney disease (OR 5.44, 95%CI: 1.5-9.3; p<0.05), and atrial fibrillation or flutter (OR 2.74, 95%CI: 1.30-5.76; p<0.05). The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and beta-blockers (BB) at discharge were protective for mortality (OR 0.45, 95%CI: 0.21-0.94; p<0.05 and OR 0.27, 95%CI: 0.09-0.79; p<0.05, respectively), as was a ProBNP level below 3220 pg/mL (RR 0.54, 95%CI: 0.28-0.96; p<0.05). Conclusions: AHF is associated with high one-year mortality in Chile, with significant relevance of patient history and admission tests. The use of ACEi and BB at discharge was associated with improved survival, highlighting the importance of optimized management during hospitalization and at discharge to improve prognosis.
AI-Driven Fare Evasion Detection in Public Transportation: A Multi-Technology Approach Integrating Behavioural AI, IoT, and Privacy-Preserving Systems
Authors: Adanyin Anthonette , Odede Julius
Published: December 2024

Public transport systems often face significant revenue losses due to fare evasion, affecting operational efficiency and service quality. Traditional methods of detecting fare evasion, such as manual inspections, are often ineffective because of the high volume of passengers and limited staff availability. This study presents a new approach to fare evasion detection by combining behavioural AI, reinforcement learning, IoT sensors, and privacy-conscious technologies. The system incorporates multi-zone ticket validation, AI-powered cameras, and features in a mobile app to monitor passenger behaviour in real-time, ensuring continuous ticket compliance without compromising privacy.Key components of the system include motion sensors, pressure sensors, NFC readers, and a federated learning framework, which help create a seamless and accurate detection system. This system is expected to reduce fare evasion by 15-20%, recovering millions of pounds in lost revenue annually. Additionally, the system will enhance the passenger experience by making ticket validation easier and reducing congestion. Overall, this solution offers a scalable, efficient, and ethical way to improve the performance and sustainability of public transport systems.
4D Printing of βTCP-Modified Shape Memory Polymers for Bone Scaffolds in Osteochondral Regeneration
Authors: Rajzer Izabella , Kurowska Anna , Janusz Jarosław , Maślanka Maksymilian , Jabłoński Adam , Szczygieł Piotr , Fabia Janusz , Novotný Roman , Piekarczyk Wojciech , Ziąbka Magdalena , Frankova Jana
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) modification on the structural, mechanical, thermal, and functional properties of a shape-memory terpolymer, with a focus on its potential application in 4D printing technology and medical implant production. The integration of β-TCP into the filament matrix and scaffolds was confirmed through microscopic (SEM, stereoscopic) and spectroscopic (FTIR, EDS) analyses. FTIR spectra indicated successful incorporation of β-TCP into the polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed a shift toward a more amorphous structure following β-TCP modification, improving processing properties, particularly for 3D printing. Thermal stability was enhanced, as β-TCP delayed depolymerization of the polymer matrix. Shape-memory studies demonstrated effective recovery in both modified and unmodified samples, although β-TCP slightly reduced recovery performance. In vitro cell culture studies showed that β-TCP-modified terpolymer significantly increased cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity after 3 weeks. The β-TCP-modified terpolymer can be tailored for applications where partial shape recovery is acceptable, such as bone scaffolds or implants designed to promote osteointegration.
Non-Lie Non-Classical Symmetry Solutions of a Class of Nonlinear Reaction-Diffusion Equations
Authors: Plenty David , Edwards Maureen P.
Published: December 2024

Nonlinear one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations are useful for modelling processes in science and engineering. Non-classical symmetry analysis with a vanishing coefficient of ∂∂t is applied to search for non-Lie solutions of a class of nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations. The analysis leads to two non-classical symmetries. Each symmetry gives a solution that cannot be constructed using classical symmetries or non-classical symmetries with a non-vanishing coefficient of ∂∂t. A solution is applied in a potential model for population growth in biology.
Mushroom-Like Micro/Nano-Structure Induced Ultra-Low Adhesion Flexible Surface
Authors: Han Tianao , Huo Shijie , Ren Shengchi , Duan Shucheng , Zhang Qingxu , Yan Yu , Sun Shize , Yang Jiajun , Zhang Liwen , Liu Guang
Published: December 2024

Biomimetic surfaces with low surface energy have garnered significant interest due to their exceptional properties such as self-cleaning, anti-fouling, and non-stick characteristics. These surfaces hold substantial potential for a wide range of applications in fields including food industry, healthcare, and energy sectors. We have identified that the surface of mushrooms possesses an array of microconical structures, which endows the mushroom surface with self-cleaning properties. Inspired by this low-adhesion characteristics of the mushroom surface, we have designed and developed a flexible, low-adhesion biomimetic surface. Utilizing laser direct writing and spot shaping techniques, we fabricated a controllable array of microconical structures on a template substrate. The biomimetic replication process was then employed to obtain a microstructured surface based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Subsequent fluorination grafting was performed on the surface to create a mushroom-inspired superhydrophobic functional surface. Experimental results indicate that this surface exhibits ultra-low adhesion to deionized water, milk, coffee, and other liquids. Additionally, this surface possesses a flexible overflow effect and ultra-low adhesion properties with high robustness. We believe that this process can offer new insights into the biomimetic design of flexible low-adhesion surfaces.
Simulated Dimensions: Bridging Conscientiology and Virtual Reality
Authors: Teixeira João Marcelo , Cardoso Alexandre , Mauricio Claudio , Peres Fabiana , Karanik Marcelo , Da Gama Alana Elza Fontes
Published: December 2024

The exploration of consciousness remains a pivotal pursuit across multiple disciplines. This paper examines the intersection of Conscientiology, a multidisciplinary study of consciousness and its multidimensional aspects, and Virtual Reality (VR) technology, which offers immersive simulations of alternative realities. By analyzing the potential of VR to simulate conscientiological experiences such as out-of-body experiences (OBEs) and altered states of consciousness, we explore how VR can serve as a tool for both empirical research and personal development in consciousness studies. The paper reviews foundational concepts of Conscientiology, advances in VR technology, and the conceptual parallels between them. We discuss scientific and philosophical implications, including the nature of reality, self-perception, and ethical considerations. Case studies illustrate practical applications, while challenges such as technological limitations, empirical validation difficulties, and ethical concerns are addressed. We conclude that integrating Conscientiology and VR holds significant potential for advancing our understanding of consciousness, though careful consideration of the associated challenges is necessary.
Sufficiency Economy as a Sustainability Strategy: Frontier Knowledge & the Future Research Agenda
Authors: Kantabutra Sooksan , Ketprapakorn Nuttasorn
Published: December 2024

With (a) an increasing role the concept of “Sufficiency Economy” plays in sustainable development, (b) its potential to effectively deal with wicked sustainability problems and (c) our limited knowledge about the relevant collective knowledge scholars have created, the present study reviews all related peer-review journal articles during the past 66 years (1957-2023) in the Scopus database by adopting the author citation and co-citation analyses to identify four schools of thought, and their leading scholars in the knowledge domain. Systematically, the most influential scholar is identified, whose collective body of knowledge is used as the basis to develop a Sufficiency Economy for Business Sustainability model as the frontier knowledge. Policy and managerial implications are also drawn from the model. Finally, drawing upon the analyses, informed future research directions have been discussed.
Limited Efficacy of Anti-EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Rare RAS Variants: Analysis of the C-CAT Database
Authors: Suzuki Shuhei , Saito Yosuke , Saito Koki , Yamada Yuta , Takahashi Koshi , Kumanishi Ryosuke , Fukui Tadahisa , Yoshioka Takashi
Published: December 2024

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition is crucial in treating RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer, yet current testing methods may miss rare RAS variants affecting treatment efficacy. Methods/Results: We analyzed 4,122 colorectal cancer patients receiving anti-EGFR antibodies from the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics database, identifying 54 patients (1.3%) with rare RAS variants undetectable by standard testing. These patients showed significantly lower response rates to anti-EGFR therapy (28.3%) compared to RAS wild-type cases (44.6%, p=0.003). Disease control rates were also lower in rare variant cases (60.9%) versus wild-type cases (80.0%). Most common rare variants included KRAS Q22K, A59E, and A11_G12insGA. Comprehensive genomic profiling revealed additional alterations in TP53 (90.7%), APC (87.0%), and non-V600E BRAF mutations (25.9%). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that rare RAS variants predict poor anti-EGFR therapy response, highlighting the potential benefit of comprehensive genomic profiling before treatment initiation. This study provides real-world evidence supporting the clinical relevance of rare RAS variants in treatment decision-making for colorectal cancer.
Decoding Symbols, Computing Signs by Info-Computational Processes in Cognitive Agents
Authors: Dodig-Crnkovic Gordana
Published: December 2024

This paper advocates for a closer exchange of ideas between semiotics and computational research approaches to explore information processing and meaning-making in cognitive agents. By examining basal cognition, and new evolutionary synthesis, through agent-based models, the paper highlights the potential for interdisciplinary learning. A broader perspective on machines is proposed, especially intelligent computers capable of meaningful agency such as language use.
On Generalized Fractional Operator and Related Fractional Integral Equations in Orlicz Spaces
Authors: Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy
Published: December 2024

This article aims to prove and explain novel properties of the $g$-fractional type operators, like boundedness, continuity, and monotonicity within Orlicz spaces $L_\psi$. We utilize such properties through Darbo's fixed-point theorem ($\mathbf{\mathcal{FPT}}$) and the measure of noncompactness ($\mathbf{\mathcal{MNC}}$) to study the existence in addition to the uniqueness of the solution to a quadratic integral equation in $L_\psi$. These results are new as the $g$-fractional operators are investigated for the first time in $L_\psi$. Our work generalizes and extends several fractional operators like the Riemann-Liouville, Hadamared, and Erdélyi--Kober and covers and unifies the results of many particular cases of classical and quadratic fractional problems studied in the former literature.
Insilico Analysis of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Pathway in Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Sundeep Lakshmi , SHAFFIC LUSIBA , Ramkumar Rakshambika , Vaidani Mounika , Roshifa Shaik , Yesurethanam Aswin , Chevula Vijaya
Published: December 2024

Ischemic stroke is one of the types of strokes related to the low oxygen supply to the brain cells. It is subdivided into cardioembolic stroke, large artery atherosclerosis stroke, small vessel occlusion and cryptogenic stroke. The stroke is symptomized by body weakness or paralysis on one side. Its development is correlated to the genetic variations of the SERPINA1 gene that produces variants such as Z-allele variant where glutamic acid is replaced with lysine , S-allele variant where glutamic is replaced by valine and the normal M-allele variant which leads to the synthesis of less amount of AAT coupled with its deficiency (AATD) and lowering of AAT activity against the neutrophil elastase that degrades elastin in the lung tissue reducing the permeation of oxygen to the blood stream. In this study, various computational tools such as Heartbio portal, genotype-tissue expression platforms have been employed to retrieve data that relates to the stroke. The pathways in which SERPINA1 participates are identified and the genes involved in them with a regulation activity relating to the stroke were analyzed. The identified genes can be applied as biomarkers to trace the potential development of the stroke in patients with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity and others. Additionally, the genes can be employed in the therapeutical treatments of the stroke patients.
Revisiting Intercalation Anode Materials for Potassium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Piernas-Muñoz María José , Zarrabeitia Maider Zarrabeitia
Published: December 2024

Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) have attracted significant attention in the last few years due to the necessity to develop low-cost, sustainable batteries, based on non-critical raw materials, and to be competitive with lithium-ion batteries. KIBs are excellent candidates due to the possibility of providing high power and energy densities because of their faster K+ diffusion and very close re-duction potential to Li+/Li. However, KIBs research is still in its infancy; hence, further investigation should be carried out from the materials to the device level. In this work, we focus on the recent strategies to enhance the electrochemical properties of anode intercalation materials, i.e., carbon-, titanium- and vanadium-based compounds. Hitherto, the most promising anode materials are the carbon-based ones, such as graphite, soft or hard carbon, each with its advantages and disad-vantages. Although a wide variety of strategies have been reported with excellent performances, the standardization of best carbon properties, electrode formulation and electrolyte composition still need to be improved due to the impossibility of a direct comparison. Therefore, further effort should be made to understand which are the crucial carbon parameters to develop a reference electrode and electrolyte formulation to boost the performances further and move a step forward in the commercialization of KIBs.
Role of Sex in the Risk of Infection in Patients Affected by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Borrelli Richard , Nicola Stefania , Corradi Federica , Lo Sardo Luca , Badiu Iuliana , Rashidy Nicolò , Quinternetto Anna , Mazzola Marina , Meli Federico , Saracco Elena , Vitali Ilaria , Brussino Luisa
Published: December 2024

Background
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that exhibits considerable diversity in terms of both clinical and immunological manifestations. Since its female-to-male ratio is around 9:1, it is well recognized that systemic lupus erythematosus mostly affects women, especially of childbearing age. There is a greater susceptibility to infections in adult patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) compared to the general population. However, only a small number of studies have attempted to analyze this risk using real-life data, and even fewer have successfully assessed the influence of sex.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective study was conducted, enrolling patients and dividing them into two groups based on their biological sex. Infectious episodes were identified from medical records and categorized by severity. Patients were stratified according to disease duration and treatment received. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR), with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for the assessment of risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to adjust for potential confounders. Model fit was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and interactions between variables were tested. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the findings.

Results
A total of 119 patients (107 females, 12 males) were included in the analysis. No significant difference in age was found between sexes (t = -0.715, p = 0.487), but disease duration was significantly shorter in males (t = 3.35, p = 0.003). Logistic regression showed a significant association between male sex and infection risk (β = 0.9426, p = 0.05), with males having an almost sixfold higher probability of infection compared to females (OR 5.675, 95% CI: 1.4479–22.2477, p = 0.0127). Disease duration (β = 0.0250, p = 0.102) and smoking status (β = 0.4529, p = 0.078) were not statistically significant. Lastly, correlation analysis revealed a significant association between SS-A antibodies and infection rate (r = 0.291, p = 0.003).

Conclusions
This study highlights a significant sex-based disparity in the risk of infections among SLE patients, with males being at a higher risk compared to females. The differences in the distribution of infections, such as the higher prevalence of pneumonia in males and urinary tract infections in females, suggest that sex-specific factors, including immunological and hormonal differences, may influence infection susceptibility. Our findings emphasize the need for tailored clinical management, with increased vigilance for infections in male patients, to improve prevention strategies and targeted therapeutic interventions in this subgroup.
Economic and Ecological Aspects of Vehicle Diagnostics
Authors: Lakatos István
Published: December 2024

Vehicle diagnostics, as an independent professional and scientific field, began to develop in the 1970s. This field of research has experienced a paradigm shift on the average every 20 years. Today, an epochal shift is taking place, with the development and spread of alternative propulsion systems (e.g. electric, hydrogen, gas) and autonomous vehicles being the main areas of focus. The changes in vehicle technology must be followed by vehicle diagnostics too. Some of the already known diagnostic methods (e.g. for internal combustion engines) can be included in this category, but new methods are also needed to enable economical and environmentally friendly operation of vehicles.
These facts make it important and urgent to define and research this area. Research in this area is particularly important for public transport vehicles and transport fleets. It is not enough to develop energy-efficient and environmentally friendly technologies: they must be operated in the right technical condition and with the right driving techniques for the intended purpose.
This will help large transport companies to achieve significant cost savings and contribute to the environmentally friendly transport of passengers and goods.
A major new area in vehicle diagnostics needs to be introduced and expanded. ECO-Diagnostics is a new category that has not been used before, and it also marks a new area of research and development.
The article presents the basics of categorisation and its support with own research results and application examples. As an introduction, a systematic overview of vehicle diagnostics as a whole is also provided. This is important (and novel) as no such systematic overview is available in the technical and scientific literature. The new category should also be included in this scheme.
In parallel with the development of vehicles and diagnostic procedures, the methods and their context covered by the umbrella term ECO-diagnostics (in ecological and economic terms) should of course be constantly expanded. Artificial intelligence can play an important role in this process.
In the future, there is a strong demand for the development of procedures in the field of ECO-diagnostics. For both economic and environmental reasons, it is urgent and important to research and develop procedures in this category. This fact will also influence the work of researchers in the future.
Leveraging Omics Data and Large Language Models to Identify Natural Substances Targeting Overexpressed Genes in Psoriasis
Authors: Sayad Saed , Hiatt Mark , Mustafa Hazem
Published: December 2024

Background. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease marked by excessive skin cell growth and inflammation, driven by the overexpression of certain key genes. Advances in omics have revealed genes pivotal to psoriasis, while natural substances offer the potential for gene modulation. By combining omics data with large language models (LLMs) driven by artificial intelligence (AI), this study aimed to identify natural substances that can downregulate overexpressed genes, providing a novel approach to treat psoriasis. Method. We retrieved psoriasis microarray data from the National Institutes of Health Gene Expression Omnibus repository (series GSE30999), consisting of 170 skin biopsy samples from 85 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who were not undergoing active treatment at the time of collection. For natural substance recommendations, we utilized two LLMs, ChatGPT from OpenAI and Gemini from Google. Results. Our results identified the top 10 overexpressed genes in psoriasis, including S100A12, SERPINB3, S100A7A, and KYNU, using gene expression data from psoriatic skin samples. By integrating these omics data with AI-driven recommendations from LLMs, we were able to propose several natural substances that may target these genes. Notable suggestions included quercetin for S100A12, resveratrol for SERPINB4, and curcumin for S100A7A, though our analysis revealed a lack of direct evidence linking these substances to specific gene modulation. Both ChatGPT and Gemini offered overlapping recommendations, such as curcumin, green tea extract, and resveratrol, suggesting consistency in their potential therapeutic benefits. Additional substances like aloe vera, bromelain, astragalus, omega-3 fatty acids, and ginger were also proposed for their broader anti-inflammatory and dermatological effects. Conclusions. Our study underscores the potential of combining omics data with LLM-driven insights to explore natural treatments for psoriasis. While the proposed natural substances exhibit promise due to their known bioactive properties, a critical need remains for direct evidence linking these substances to specific gene targets. Future research should focus on validating these interactions in experimental settings, which could pave the way for more targeted and effective natural therapies for psoriasis.