bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide from Waste Carbon Tyre using Modified Hummerâ€™s Method
Authors: N. Bonnia N. , Z. Zanuri A. , A. Asli N. , A. Masdar N. , Ratim S. , M. Yahaya S. , M. Mahat M. , Ramli R.
Published: March 2021

Recently, graphene was produced from graphite powder using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) or Hummerâ€™s method. Graphene is widely used in many applications and give a lot of advantages for industry. In this study, graphene oxide was synthesized from waste carbon tyre using modified Hummerâ€™s method. This green technology turned waste material to wealth. The morphology and structural properties of the graphene oxide were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Raman analysis was confirmed that graphene oxide was successfully synthesized from waste carbon tyre. It was confirmed the peaks shows that D band and G band was at 1361 cm-1 and 1596 cm-1 with the intensity ratio of the D band relative to the G band (ID/IG) is 0.88. The formation of few sheets of grapheme oxide that stalked together on the surface of the sample structure, bumping pieces and coarse surface was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental composition of carbon (C) is 50.90 % and oxygen (O) is 49.10% which showed a good composition for graphene oxide. All the results were confirmed that the graphene oxide has been synthesized from waste carbon tyre using modified Hummerâ€™s method which next will forms graphene powder through exfoliation method.Â Â
Effects of Coil Pitch Spacing on Heat Transfer Performance of Nanofluid Turbulent Flow through Helical Microtube Heat Exchanger
Authors: H. Rasheed A. , Alias H. , D. Salman S.
Published: March 2021

This article provides Numerical simulation on forced convective heat transfer performance of Nanofluid flowing through copper helical microtube of inner diameter of 1.5 mm with different pitch using ANSYS-FLUENT 18.0. The simulation was performed for water, CuO/water, Al2O3/water Nanofluid with 1-2% volume concentration and different pitch of microtube (10, 14 and 18 mm) for turbulent flow regime of Reynolds number varied 5000 to 20000 and governing equations of mass, momentum and heat transfer were solved simultaneously, using the k-e two equations turbulence model. Based on the obtained results, regardless of the concentrations used, the nanofluids exhibited a higher transfer rate than water. This is mainly attributed to the nanoparticles that are in the used nanofluids. The friction factor and the heat transfer rate were enhanced considerably due to the shape and size of the tube, which in this case is a helical microtube. Moreover, the maximum heat transfer performance has been conducted by Al2O3/water Nanofluid with 2% volume concentration and microtube pitch of 18 mm.Â Â Â Â
Measuring the Level of Defect Condition in the Museum Building
Authors: N.F. Zuraidi S. , A. Abdul Rahman M. , A. Akasah Z.
Published: March 2021

Assessment of buildings is one of the main components that are essential to assess the condition of the building. Without evaluation, it is difficult to determine the current condition of a heritage building, so failure to check can contribute to future assets. The objective of this study is to assess the level of defect condition in a heritage building. This study has selected nine buildings of the museum as a place of study. The location of the museum building is located in three states of Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang. All of the museum buildings have been implemented by using Building Defect Assessment (BDA) and used as a survey tool to assess the level of disability at museum building. Defects of each element in the building of the museum have been recorded.Â  As a result of the BDA suggests that score full points used to provide the level of evaluating the overall condition of the museum building is good, and the need for action to maintenance requirements such as monitoring, repair, a replacement for preventing defects or serious damage.Â
Low Cost Solar Powered Telecenters for Malaysian Rural Areas: Case Study in Pos Sinderut, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: D. Ibrahim M. , Zainal S. , K. Othman A.
Published: March 2021

The main objective of this project is to design and analyze the cost benefits solar PV system for rural telecenter. The project focused on designing the main solar system and solar panel energy performance based on translucency. The task that was carried out in this project was the selection of the suitable system that will suit the operation well while keeping the design cost as low as possible. In this project, the design of the solar panel system was focused on the electric loads and its cost benefit. Homer software was used to evaluate the solar panel system. Meant for ways of communications for indigenous people, the Solar Photovoltaic system is one of the popular solution for off-grid rural community power supply. The optimized combination for a particular rural site can be predicted based on NASAâ€™s data of Solar Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI). In this project, Pos Sinderut was chosen as the site, and the data load was measured. In our preliminary findings, it was found that the model on site was not suitably designed and maintained. The data parameters that was used for the on-site installed model was also not possible to be calculated when the model was simulated using Homer Software. As a result, we proposed a new model design by optimizing the load of VSAT and charging station based on the amount of solar PV and batteries that was supplied. This paper shows the significance of preliminary designs based on the irradiance and the usage load of the specific site before any installation should be commenced. It also showed how the site should be maintained properly in order to ensure a chosen site is sustainable for the rural community, post-installation.Â Â
Effect of Varying Solvents on Structural Properties of Annealed PVDF-Trfe Thin Films
Authors: N. Arshad A. , N. Sarip M. , N. Sarip M. , Z. Engku Zaharah E. , D. Rozana M.
Published: March 2021

PVDF-TrFE (70:30 mol%) powders were dissolved individually in three polar solvents of Diethyl Carbonate (DEC), Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) and N-, N-, Dimethylformamide (DMF). The solution was spin coated and formed PVDF-TrFE films of 250 nm thickness; UN DEC, UN MEK and UN DMF films. Â PVDF-TrFE powders were found to readily dissolve in DMF solvent as indicated by Hansen solubility parameters (Î´t). Hansen parameter showed small difference in reading (Î´t = 1.7) forÂ PVDF-TrFE and DMF, and low relative energy difference (RED) value. All films were annealed at 120Â°C (AN DEC, AN MEK, AN DMF). The AN DMF film showed high presence of polar Î²-phase crystals as evident from the ATR-FTIR spectrum. This is given by the significant peaks at 848, 1190, and 1290 cm-1. The trend is consistent with XRD pattern, where relative increment of cps value (53%) at 19.2Â° (2Î¸) is observed. This further supports the high degree of Î²-phase crystals observed in AN DMF film.Â Â
Silver Metallization Characterization and Resistivity Performance Potential toward Chemical Sensor Application
Authors: A. Bakar Amnani , H. Hashim Nor , A.Tajuddin Hairul , Z. Sahdan Mohd , A. Saparudin Faiz
Published: March 2021

Performance of limiting resistive and capacitive signal delays increases gradually depends on the complexity degree of multilayer metallization. Electrodes sensor for electrical applications requires low surface roughness and low resistivity metal layers. Amongst conductive metal series, silver (Ag) has the lowest resistivity. On the other hand, compared to aluminum and copper, this metal also has higher oxidation resistance. This study aims to characterize Ag thin film on the glass substrate and the resistivity performance by using a physical deposition technique for chemical sensor application. A series of Ag thin film with different thickness were prepared from thermal vacuum evaporator at 3.45 x 10-5 Pa with applied current at 28 Ampere in 21 minutes. Four-point resistivity probing instrument was used for resistivity testing of the thin films with different thickness. The prepared Ag thin film shows a low average roughness at 1.89 nm. A smooth and homogeneous of Ag thin film is an advantage to provide a sensitive surface for element recognition in the development of chemical sensor and an adsorbate can be justified whereas it schematically assembled with the arrangement onto smooth and perfectly flat thin film surface. Ag thin film has shown a crystallite size with respect to 50.84 nm. The low rough surfaces have fewer nucleation sites, therefore fewer grains (crystallites) will appear. The optimum thickness was determined at 107 nm and the resistivity of Ag thin film was an average at 1.988 x10-8 Ohm m.Â Â Â
Sizing a 3 kWp Retrofitted Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System: a Case Study in Tropical Malaysia
Authors: Zainuddin Hedzlin , Liyana Muhammad Khir Farah , Baharudin NA , Rahman ZAbd
Published: March 2021

The work presents a tropical case study of sizing 3 kWp retrofittedÂ  grid-connected photovoltaic system (GCPV) installed in Klang, Malaysia. The sizing was based on customerâ€™s budget requirement of RM 22, 500 and conducted through a designated mathematical approach. The mathematical approach involved technical aspects which aligns the voltage and current specifications of both PV array and inverter. Besides, this approach includes possible severe climatic condition of solar irradiance and ambient temperature variations. By implementing the sizing mathematical approach in this study, the final PV array configuration is 1 x 9 (1 parallel x 9 series). This study was also conducted to compare between the actual and the predicted energy yield to reflect customer satisfaction. Based on the result, the percentage differences are acceptable for February and March 2018. Interestingly, the percentage difference for January 2018 was over-predicted and the abnormality was suggested to be resulted from the inaccuracy of the Peak Sun Hour (PSH) estimation. In conclusion, this study is significant as an overview on the sizing and performance reliability of GCPV system in tropical Malaysia to meet up the customer satisfaction.Â
Oxygen Reduction Reaction of Carbon Nanotubes Supported Polypyrrole Doped Toluene Sulfonic Acid in Alkaline Medium
Authors: Sri Utami Rika , Yin Wong Wai , Herianto Majlan Edy , Shyuan Loh Kee
Published: March 2021

In this study, polypyrrole/toluene sulfonic acid-based nitrogen doped carbon nanotube (NCNT) is synthesized via chemical oxidative polymerization followed by high-temperature heat treatment under N2 atmosphere. The structure, morphology and composition of the NCNT catalyst are investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Different N species including pyridinic, pyrrolic, graphitic, and oxidized-N are quantitatively determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrocatalytic activity of NCNT towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline condition is evaluated with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and rotating disk electrode (RDE). The globular and tubular structure of NCNT can be clearly seen from SEM images. The typical Raman spectrum for NCNT showed two prominent bands around 1348 cm-1 (D band) and 1568 cm-1 (G band). High-resolution XPS spectrum of N 1s for NCNT showed that graphitic-N has the highest percentage (39.36%), whereas the pyridinic-N (26.54%), pyrrolic-N (18.88%) and oxidized-N (15.22%). The ORR electrocatalytic activity of the NCNT in 0.1 M KOH has the onset potential of -0.154 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the current density 0.455 mA/cm2, and electron transfer number of n â‰ˆ 4.Â Â
Correlation of Pseudoelastic NiTi Egineering and True Stress-Strain Curves on the Effects of Nickel Titanium Composition
Authors: Abd Hamid Nubailah , Adnan Azlan , Hussain Ismail Muhammad , Ibrahim Azmi
Published: March 2021

This research highlights the novel properties of pseudo-elastic Ni-Ti bar owing to their ability to reverse macroscopicallyÂ  inelastic deformation during earthquake known as recentering capability and large elastic strain capacity whichÂ  originated from the reversible austenite to martensite phase transformation.Â  Hence, this paper presents and evaluatesÂ  the cyclicÂ  properties of pseudo elastic Niâ€“Ti shape memory alloys to assess their prospective use for seismic applications to be exploited as seismic resistant design and retrofit. In addition,Â  the correlation of hysteretic behavior of Ni-Ti alloy in terms of cyclic loading number and history, mechanical properties at ambient temperature, equivalent damping, energy dissipation andÂ  recovery stress were evaluated. The NiTi barÂ  used is with weight percentage ofÂ  Ti-43.98 at. % Ni 56.02 and diameter of 12 mm. The tensile cyclic test obtained demonstrated a rounded loading curve based on a 0.2 % offset. The as received bar exhibited superior pseudo-elastic behaviour and recentering through repeated cycling without significant degradation or permanent deformation but low energy dissipation due to narrow hysteresis while the steel rebar showed vice versa. Experimental results show potential for the use of SMAs in seismic applications and provide areas for continued research. It was concluded that the as-received pseudo elastic Ni-Ti bar is suitable for use in seismic mitigation despite of their ability to undergo cyclical strains at 6 % which is greater than 5 %, with minimal residual strain of 0.15% which is less than 1%.Â Â Â Â
Synthesis and Characterization of a Silver Nanoparticles-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid by using â€˜Zingiber Officinaleâ€™ Extract as a Reducing and Stabilizing Agent
Authors: Izrini Ikhsan Nurul , Farahah Jaffar Nur
Published: March 2021

An eco-friendly solution-based chemical approach has been used to prepare silver nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide (AgNPs-rGO) nanohybrid using Zingiber officinale extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The products form a stable aqueous solution without any surfactant stabilizers and hence makes it possible to produce AgNPs-rGO nanohybrid on a large scale using low-cost solution processing technique. The nanohybrid was monitored at different concentration of GO solution (0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml and 1.0 mg/ml) and characterized using UV- visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrum, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy analyses. From the UV-Vis analysis, the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was confirmed and showed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band at 420 nm for nanohybrids with GO concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. Raman spectra shows an increase in ID/IG ratio for rGO with values of 1.007 corresponding to the concentration of GO (0.5mg/ml) as compared to GO (0.88). Completely spherical Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were found at a nanohybrid with 0.5 mg/ml of GO with an average particle size of 20 nm. The AgNPs-rGO(0.5) nanohybrid exhibit fast electron-transfer kinetics for electrochemical reaction of Fe (CN)63-/4- redox couple, suggesting the potential applications for electrocatalysis and electrochemical sensor.Â Â
Conductivity Performance of Biopolymer Membrane based on Kappa-Carrageenan
Authors: Zakaria Rosnah , Mohd Nor Asiah , Kartini Jaafar Nor , Malik Marwan Ali Ab
Published: March 2021

Smart energy systems are well-known among researchers who wish to introduce new technology. Biopolymer is an environmentally friendly material. Kappa-Carrageenan is one type of biopolymer with high proton conductivity and durability which has been studied for almost 10 years. The membrane based on kappa-carrageenan was prepared using solution cast technique incoorperated with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN). The solution was poured into glass petri dishes and left to dry at room temperature before further dying in an oven at 60Â°C to obtain thin films. The highest conductivity was obtained for 40 wt. % NH4SCN added kappa-carrageenan. The conductivity dropped when the amount of kappa-carrageenan is equal to the amount of NH4SCN. The maximum conductivity of kappa-carrageenan incorporated with NH4SCN obtained is 1.64E-03 S cm-1. FTIR studies show peak at 1638 cm-1 in pure kappa-carrageenan which slowly disappeared at 60 wt. % kappa-carrageenan. It is however characterized by a peak attributed to NH4SCN at 1600 cm-1 which appeared for 50 wt. % of kappa-carrageenan and below.Â Â
Ion Transport Mechanism in Flexible PMMAIL/LiTf Films
Authors: Akemal Muhd Zailani Nabilah , Abdul Latif Famiza , Malik Marwan Ali Ab , Azri Ab Rani Mohd A , Zu Azhan Yahya Muhd
Published: March 2021

Acrylates such as poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been widely studied as polymer electrolyte film due to its good mechanical stability towards lithium electrode.Â  However, commercial PMMAs even at high molecular weight are not able to produce flexible films due to their polar nature that prone to form interchain crosslinking via hydrogen bonding. Therefore, the formation of hydrogen bonding was hindered by incarcerating ionic liquid (IL) of 1-methyl-3-pentamethyldisiloxymethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [(SiOSi)C1C1im] [NTf2] during free radical polymerization of MMA. Interestingly, the synthesized PMMA containing IL (PMMAIL) produced flexible and free standing films with ionic conductivity of ~10-7 S cm-1. Though the ionic conductivity obtained is comparable with other doped PMMA film electrolytes that had been studied, it is still considered as low for application in energy storage devices. As an alternative, in this study, lithium triflate (LiTf) salt was added into the PMMAIL system and the highest ionic conductivity obtained was 2.65 Ã—10-4 S cm-1 with addition of 30 wt.% LiTf at ambient temperature. The temperature dependence conductivity and AC conductivity behaviour of PMMAIL/LiTf were further investigated in order to fully understand the ion transport mechanism that occurred in the system. It was found that the PMMAIL/LiTf system fits the Arrhenius behaviour and Correlated Barrier Hopping (CBH) model.Â Â
Electrically Conductive Polyester Fabrics Embedded Polyaniline
Authors: Nurzatul Ikma Omar Siti , Zainal Ariffin Zaidah , Mad Akhir Rabiatuladawiyah , Izzharif Abd Halim Mohamed , Ramli Rosmamuhamadani , Muzamir Mahat Mohd
Published: March 2021

Recently, conductive fabric has attracted massive attention among researchers due to their unique conductive properties with a wide range of possible applications. This study explores the fabrication of poly aniline (PANI) conductive fabric through an immersion technique of polyester fabric in PANI solution. Two types of acids (sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and p-toulene sulfonic acid (pTSA) have been employed as the doping agent to induce the conductivity in various weight percentages (0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 wt%) with immersion time of 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The fabricated conducting fabrics were then characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for analyses of chemical structure and phase identification respectively. Their morphologies were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) which revealed the various fibrous structure. The finding is in line with the electrical conductivity properties of the fabrics observed using Four-point probe technique. Optimum conductivity of the conductive fabrics were found to be at 0.6 wt. % for both types of acid which are 1.30 x 10-2 S/cm (H2SO4) and 1.39 x10-3 S/cm (pTSA). Meanwhile, the varied immersion time showed no significant changes on this property, due to the short time laps. For FTIR results, the peaks confirmed the presence of PANI-EB together with the introduced acid within the PANI backbone. Collectively, H2SO4 is found to be a good candidate as doping agent, deduced from obtained conductivity values and structural properties.Â Â
Evaluation of “Instantiation” for Cultural Heritage Information System
Authors: Razali Suriyati , Adilah Wan Adnan Wan
Published: March 2021

This paper presents the evaluation of “Instantiation” for cultural heritage information system. Within social-technical concerned, the soft design science was used as an approach to create “Instantiation” as IT artifacts. The evaluation of “Instantiation” was performed based on the “functionalities characteristic” evaluation criteria. Explanation on how the verification study was conducted to evaluate constructed instantiation according to five sub-characteristics of “functionality” named as accuracy, suitability, interoperability, security, and functionality compliance is also presented. Finally, this paper concludes the results of applying information quality by highlighting the feedback that shows the “Instantiation” created has been accepted among the museum and cultural heritage community.
The Estimation of Total Expected Medical Cost for Heart Disease based on Four Major Illnesses: Angina, Heart Failure, Ischemic and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ishak Azril , Nadirah Mohd Johari Sarah , Idham Mohamad Arwin , Hanafi Tumin ASA Mohd
Published: March 2021

Ischemic Heart Disease is the number one killer in Malaysia and the total number of death has increased statistically. To make matters worse, the cost of medical related to this disease has increased approximately from 10 percent to 15 percent every year. Therefore, it is crucial to know the expected medical cost of heart disease and the risk exposure. This paper discussed on four different type of major illness relating to heart disease and the expected cost of procedure based on type of illness and age. The objectives are to analyse percentage of people getting heart disease based on age, gender and ethnic, calculation of the probability of four major categories of illness in heart disease and to estimate the total expected cost of heart disease. The result showed the expected cost of heart disease varies based on the cost of procedures and the severity of the heart disease of the patient; the higher the rate of severity, the higher the expected cost would be.Â
Understanding Technology Literacy: The Characteristics of ICT Literacy Vocational Teachers
Authors: S Saripudin , Sumarto S , A Juanda E , Ghafar Abdullah Ade , A Ana
Published: March 2021

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Literacy is the ability to use digital technology, communication tools and/or networks to define, access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create and communicate information well and legally toward a knowledgeable society. This literature study looks at the level of ICT literacy of vocational high school (SMK) teachers. The purpose is to determine the ICT literacy skills of vocational teachers in integrating and assessing ICT learning. The method used is literature review by searching and selecting articles / journals with suitable topics which then are proceed to analysis. The results of this literature study are to look the ICT literacy of vocational school teachers in using technology to conduct learning in the classroom.Â Â
Implementation of Apriori Algorithm for Determining Purchase Patterns in One Transaction
Authors: . Murnawan , Sinaga Ardiles , Nughraha Ucu
Published: March 2021

The organization data owned is one of the assets of the organization. With the daily operational activities, the longer the data will increase. By using techniques that can do data processing, these data can be obtained important information that can be used for future developments. Association rules are one of these techniques which aims to find patterns in the form of products that are often purchased together or tend to appear together in a transaction from transaction data which is generally very large by using the concept association rules themselves derived from Market Basket Analysis terminology, namely search for relationships from several products in a purchase transaction. In designing this application will build applications that classify the data items based on the tendency to appear together in a transaction using the Apriori Algorithm. The Apriori algorithm is the first algorithm and is often used to find association rules in data mining applications with association rule techniques.Â
Pipe Stress and Turbine Nozzle Load Analysis for HP Steam Inlet and MP Steam Extraction on Turbine Generator 51G201T Capacity 10MW
Authors: Komarudin Udin , Philo, Nia Nuraeni Iftika , Syifa Puspani Nissa
Published: March 2021

Thermal pipe expansion on the turbine greatly affects the performance of the turbine, mainly produces misalignment in turbines. The stress analysis on the pipe and the load on the nozzle is very important to ensure that the stress that occurs is still safe and the load that occurs on the nozzle is still below the allowable load. Field information is known, Steam type of 51-G-201-T, capacity 10 MW, total weighs 58 tons, weight casing 37 tons, which has been operating since July 1989, has been occur misalignment on turbines. Stress pipe and load analysis of turbine nozzles on the turbine using software (Autopipe V8i Select Series 3 Edition by Bentley). In this perspective, calculation methodologies were developed in order to do quick analysis of the most common configurations, according to the codes ASME B31.1 (Piping Power). The results of the pipe stress analysis showed that the maximum sustained stress ratio occurred at point A39 (0.32), maximum displacement stress ratio at point A39 (0.97) and maximum hoop stress ratio at point A09 (0.44), all values below 1. This shows that the stress is still safe. The result of load analysis on the turbine casing is the direction x = -880 kg, y = 6246.4kg, z = -3697.7kg, smaller than the weight of the 37 tones turbine casing, so misalignment is not caused by shifting the turbine casing.Â Â
Design Model of Digital Dashboard Human Resources Information System based on Competence (Case Study at PT. Daya Adicipta Mustika)
Authors: Hamdani Dani , Purno Wahyu Arry , Sanihardjo Rosalin
Published: March 2021

CBHRM is one of the patterns of human resource management is being grown in Indonesia. In this approach, the vocabulary of competence to be a key element. Each employee will be assessed on its competence. In order results can be more optimally achieved, it would require a model of presentation of the good report/well output. One of the solutions the authors propose is to use a digital model of the dashboard. The model was built using the dashboard frame of mind which has been adapted to the life cycle model. Case studies conducted at PT. Daya Adicipta Mustika, and digital dashboards built CBHRM consist of Talent Dashboard, Dashboard Gap Competencies, and Comparison Dashboard interrelated with each other.Â Â
Implementation of Learning Effect Scheduling on SMEâ€™s Injection Moulding Machine
Authors: Damur Rochman Didit , Anwar Asep , Nugraha Ucu , Putri Usi
Published: March 2021

This study conducted on SME company in Bandung which have problem on machine scheduling. Current method that company use to schedule job and machine using simple FCFS method which resulting increase inventory and tardiness cost. We proposed machine scheduling with learning effect that developed in the previous research. Using repeat order data, we obtain 20 job that company regularly produce, we calculate scheduling with proposed method and result are 1.71% and 1.81% improvement that FCFS method that company use. Implementation step we proposed to company owner and future work to include quality and time deterioration.Â Â
Semiotics at Discursive Texts and Images in Online News
Authors: Heryono Heri , Faisal Helmy , . .
Published: March 2021

The paper established an inappropriate relationship of text and image that should interact in one whole package of online news. It applied Semiotics analysis to go under the problems occurred. The analysis was developed to respond the question: why should be the text and image in online news associated? Do they match? Developed in three levels of analysis processes-analysis of relevant engagement in text and image; extended analysis of discursive relationship involved in news that turned to hoax; the intention of attaching the misplaced image to the text. This paper used qualitative Semiotics analysis to illustrate malfunction of text and image in online news. It is wished to be able to enhance the accuracy of a news.Â Â
Building Batik Craftsmen Learning Society (Design Case)
Authors: Nurwandi Luthfi , Abdulhak Ishak , Sumantri Endang , S Ardiwinata Jajat
Published: March 2021

This research was based on construction of the learning society in the face of global competition for batik craftsmen in small and medium enterprises (SME's) industrial sector of batik in Indonesia. Formation of the learning society was important to do, so that the important work of batik design experienced no piracy and extinct both from the design side as well as craftsmen. With regard to the phenomenon the purpose of the research is finding important the determinant factors in order to shaping the learning society, which becomes the container for batik craftsmen to get recognition of batik designs, as well as the competence of the profession. There were three factors that affect the formation of the learning society for batik craftsmen namely adult learning in an era of competition, the adultâ€™s performance in the era of competition and universal design. In this study, the influence of these three factors that affect the learning society would be observed. The results of this research show that batik craftsmen build their knowledge and skill to form their performance before, construct learning society, while another batik craftsmen used their expertise to form their performance before construct learning society.Â Â
Drift Compensation for pH IsFET Sensor Using NARX Neural Networks
Authors: Iqwhanus Syaffa Amir Mohammad , Rizal Othman Md , Ismahadi Syono Mohd
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces a Nonlinear Autoregressive Neural Network (NARX) to predict the sensor error of IsFET pH drift with accuracy over the long period. The Bayesian Regularization (BR) backpropagation was used as network training function for this problem and combined with different delay and hidden layer. The results were compared to predict the sensor error in buffer solution pH 4, pH 7 and pH 10 over the time. The NARX performance will be measure based on the value of Mean Squared Error (MSE) and coefficient of determination (R2). The results proved by using Bayesian Regularization with 10 hidden nodes and 50 delays produced the accurate sensor error prediction. This research will provide the significant contributions to the implementation of IsFET pH sensor drift compensation over the time.
Robust Control Design of Nonlinear System by Using Back-Stepping-GSA and Sliding Mode Technique
Authors: Md Rozali Sahazati , Mohd Nor Rozilawati , Faiz Zainal Abidin Amar , Kamarudin Muhammad , Ismael Rizman Zairi
Published: March 2021

This work presents the integration of two robust controllers such as back-stepping and sliding mode controller, which is designed for nonlinear system with external disturbance injected to its actuator. Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) is applied to the designed controller to optimize the control and reaching law parameters for the system. The dynamics of the system is developed by consider the external force as system’s nonlinearities. The tracking output and tracking error produced by combination of these two controllers is compared with the performance of classical sliding mode controller. Based on the results obtained, integration of these two controllers generates better performance than classical sliding mode controller based on its output and error.
Peer-reviewed active learning engagement with a multi-level remedial class
Authors: Alwani Omar Nor , Suraya Sarudin Ezzah , Mohd Nasir Arfah , Masrom Suraya , Ahmad Norhasliza
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted to find the effectiveness of the remedial class to the students’ performance in Mathematical courses. Two objectives were highlight which are the active learning engagement among participants and the effectiveness of the remedial class. The respondents of this study is 169 semester one students of Diploma in Sciences. All students were involved in the first remedial class and the result of the students later was compared with the previous semester. The result shows there is improvement in students’ performance as the failure rate for that semester is lower compared to the previous one. Next, students who passed in Pre-calculus was divided into two groups for the next semester. The control group proceed with calculus I without second remedial class while the experimental group need to attend second remedial class. The result of these students in Calculus I later was collected and analyzed. The statistics shows there is slight improvement in failure rate for experimental group. Thus, it shows that multi-level remedial class is a new effective approach to improve students’ poor foundation in Mathematics. Besides, it is indirectly beneficial to the faculty and university as there will be less students who do not graduate on time.
E-Learning Model for Technical and Vocational Education: In Vocational High School
Authors: . Seninil , Bruri Triyono Mochamad , Dahar Minghat Asnul , Dwi Surjono Herman , Salina Mustakim Siti
Published: March 2021

E-learning has been to be a very popular choice in the 21st century education world. E-learning able to meet a variety of learning needs tailored to each level of education. E-learning makes it easy for a teacher to give lessons to students without being bound by space and time anymore. Students can receive subject matter anywhere and anytime while at home, at school, and at work. Students can take advantage of discussion forums to discuss remotely through the use of collaborative learning tools available in e-learning. The goal to be achieved is to know the e-learning model for vocational education, namely vocational high school (SMK). In particular, this paper reviews the technical literature on the concept of e-learning, e-learning models, and the development of e-learning models in the context of TVE. Regarding e-learning studies, journal articles, opinion papers, conceptual papers, etc. are analyzed for content related to the e-learning model on TVE. It was concluded that the use of e-learning in vocational education such as Vocational High Schools was needed to assist teachers in improving the learning process. E-learning needs for vocational high schools as an effective learning media adapted to the vocational characteristics of each school.
Biodegradation of Quinoline by Hydrogel Beads of Activated Sludge in the Air-Lift Bioreactor
Authors: Ahmed Khudhair Haneen , . .
Published: March 2021

Quinoline is a nitrogen heterocyclic compound (NHC) with a molecular formula of C9H7N. Microbial degradation of quinoline occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In this study, the aerobic biodegradation of quinoline was investigated with activated sludge which was taken from a municipal sewage wastewater treatment plant in the air-lift bioreactor (ALBR).The activated sludge was entrapped in poly-vinyl-alcohol-calcium alginate (PVA-Ca alginate) hydrogel beads. The optimal conditions for microbial cells entrapment, such as Ca-alginate concentration, biomass concentration in the hydrogel bead and bead size, were determined with concerning to improve the quinoline degradation rate. Also, the initial quinoline concentration was determined. The optimum temperature and initial pH for quinoline degradation were 30Â°C and pH 7â€“8, respectively. During the biodegradation process, the culture broth became yellow and brown in turn, which indicated that several intermediates were generated. The results showed that the diversity of microbial cells improves and accelerates the quinoline biodegradation. The repeated use of the hydrogel beads for quinoline degradation was performed and the results revealed that the beads were active and intact up to 4 successive cycles without breakage or loss their stability in the continuous mode. Thus, (PVA-Ca alginate) hydrogel beads have great potential to be a matrix for the cell immobilization in quinoline biodegradation. The various initial concentrations of quinoline (50, 100, 250, and 500mg/L) were completely degraded in batch-mode experiments; under optimal conditions: PVA conc., 80%w/v; calcium alginate conc., 20%w/v; initial biomass concentration the hydrogel bead, 3mL / 10 mL of gel solution; and the hydrogel bead size, about 3mm in diameter, at different time intervals (4, 6, 10, and 14h), respectively.Â Â Â
Structural Behavior of Unbalanced Section self-compacting reinforced concrete axially Loaded columns
Authors: Najim Abbas Aamer , Muhammed Nura Jasim
Published: March 2021

Eight (120 mm) square and (1 m) long reinforced concrete columns were tested under axial load to large inelastic deformations. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the behavior of column sections confined by rectilinear ties. Major variables considered in this program included: (1) Distribution of longitudinal and lateral steel, including unbalanced section due to the asymmetric distribution of reinforcing steel bars (2) type of concrete; normal concrete and self-compacting concrete. Finite element model was performed to validate the experimental results of this investigation. Test results indicate that a asymmetric distribution longitudinal bars results in desired performance of columns. Unsupported longitudinal bars and its number effective only at large deformations and result in rapid deterioration of column behavior at a later stage. There is 8.75% and 35.65% decrease in ultimate capacity under the control column, asymmetric distribution of reinforcing steel bars appears a more brittle while symmetric bars yields more elastic than brittle, it adds safety when failure happens.Â Â Â
Recycling of Food Waste to Produce the Plant Fertilizer
Authors: R. Ahmed Rand , I. Abdulla Aziz
Published: March 2021

Around 5000 tons of food waste is produced every day in Iraq which accounts for about (50%) of the waste that we get rid of them. Waste sent to landfill for disposal may break down and produce methane gas that causes greenhouse effect, as well as cause odor, epidemics, and disease because of the disintegration. The research aims to produce organic fertilizer through the recycling of domestic refuse. It has been working through this research to collect the domestic refuse food which represent the nitrogen source, as well as the remains of cleaning and trimming of various trees and the remains of lawn mowers, and use of sawdust white wood which represent the carbon source. Have been working on dried and arranged in layers of perforated plastic containers for ventilation, it was moisturized with two different types of water and monitored fertilizer maturity for four months. Previously the fresh water was used for the purpose for moisturizing the mixture (chlorination water supply) later the domestic wastewater have been used. The comparison was made between the results of tests performed; the test has come up with the result that the use of "domestic wastewater" which it is rich in living organisms  is the best and fastest in the process of manufacturing organic fertilizer than the use of "water supply", to contain the latter on the amount of chlorine of weakens the growth of microorganisms. And the use of dried plant waste, in the mixture as source of carbon was successful, and it gave the best organic fertilizer production results because these wastes are easy to decompose compare with sawdust wood. The felicitous fertilizer is it rich with nutrient such as nitrogen 2.3 %, phosphorus 13%, and potassium 20%, etc. There are some important factors affecting the process of production of fertilizer, including air ventilation, temperature, moisture content in the mixture. Carbon to nitrogen is a major factor, where each 20-30 part of the carbon should be taken into account for the decomposition of 1 part of the nitrogen to produce the compost properly, the high proportion of carbon about 30%, causes low-temperature mixture, and it leads to slow compost composition, and less than 20% leads to excess nitrogen, which lost in the air in the form of ammonia, and the higher pH value, could be toxic to some microorganisms.
On the plausible origins of the spiral character of galaxies
Authors: Nyambuya Golden Gadzirayi
Published: March 2021

We here-in demonstrate that the proposed hitherto unknown gravitomagnetic dark-force that hypothetically explains the Flat Rotation Curves of Spiral Galaxies — this same force, explains very well, the logarithmic and as-well, the barred spiral shapes of spiral galaxies. That is, much in line with Edward Arthur Milne (1896-1950)’s 1946 ideas — albeit, on a radically and asymptotically different philosophical train of thought, the galactic disk is here assumed to be in a state of free-fall around the central bulge with the hypothetical gravitomagnetic dark-force being the dominant force determining all gravity-related dynamics of the disk, thus leading to logarithmic and barred spiral orbits, hence the shape of spiral galaxies.
miR-338-3p inhibits cell growth, invasion, and EMT process in neuroblastoma through targeting MMP-2
Authors: Yuan Haibin , Liu Fengli , Ma Tongsheng , Zeng Zhandong , Zhang Ning
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanisms of miR-338-3p and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in neuroblastoma. Putative target interaction regions of miR-338-3p on MMP-2 were predicted by miRcode and miRbase bioinformatics tools. Relative expression of miRNA-338-3p and MMP-2 in neuroblastoma tissues and GI-LI-N and SK-N-SH cells was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiment. Furthermore, the cell proliferation was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, the cell apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry assay, and the cell invasion was evaluated by transwell assay. miR-338-3p expression was downregulated, whereas MMP-2 expression was upregulated in metastasis tissue site compared to that in primary tissue site in total. Furthermore, miR-338-3p overexpression suppressed proliferation, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of neuroblastoma cells but promoted apoptosis, and the knockdown of MMP-2 triggered similar effects. Furthermore, MMP-2 was directly targeted by miR-338-3p, and overexpression of MMP-2 rescued the inhibitory effects of miR-338-3p on human neuroblastoma cell progression. Collectively, these data demonstrated that miR-338-3p could suppress cell growth, invasion, and EMT pathway and induce apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells by targeting MMP-2. MiR-338-3p sponged MMP-2 to regulate the PI3K/AKT pathway in human neuroblastoma cells.
The impact of sewage sludge on the fungal communities in the rhizosphere and roots of barley and on barley yield
Authors: Ondreičková Katarína , Piliarová Michaela , Klčová Lenka , Žofajová Alžbeta , Gubiš Jozef , Horník Miroslav , Gubišová Marcela , Hudcovicová Martina , Kraic Ján
Published: March 2021

Current problems with sewage sludge (SS) disposal could be solved by application to agricultural land considering its fertilizer properties and ability to improve soil condition. However, SS may contain heavy metals as well as pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, molecular analysis of partial 18S rRNA gene was used to study the impact of SS application into the soil on the genetic diversity of fungal communities, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere and roots of barley. These samples were collected on three dates from the control soil without SS and from the soil with the addition of SS at the concentrations of 5 and 15 t ha−1. Fungal alpha diversity in the rhizosphere of barley was affected by SS differently than in barley roots. In addition, principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed that fungal communities were strongly influenced by the SS addition into the soil, sample type, and the sampling date. This approach was complemented by an evaluation of the basic parameters of barley production and the response of these parameters to the presence of SS in the soil. The plant height increased with increasing SS concentration and the thousand seed weight significantly increased at the concentration of 5 t ha−1 SS but significantly decreased in 15 t ha−1.
Age and experience in driving a vehicle and psychomotor skills in the context of automation
Authors: Ucińska Monika , Odachowska Ewa , Gąsiorek Kamila , Kruszewski Mikołaj
Published: March 2021

Past research shows that age and driving experience has a significant impact on on-road behavior. Both reaction time, as well as visual-motor coordination and speed of decision making, play an important role with regard to safety. Consequently, research in this area has been carried out for many years. However, there are still very few studies on the impact of these variables on the speed and way of taking control of an automated vehicle.

The purpose of the study designed at the Motor Transport Institute was therefore, including but not limited to, verification of the hypothesis concerning the relevance of age and experience to psychomotor skills and its impact on adaptation to automation. The research involved tools for testing psychomotor skills (reaction time, eye-hand coordination) considered in driver psychological tests. The experimental part was carried out with a passenger car simulator, where the driver's behavior was verified under a specific on-road situation, including control takeover. As expected, the analyses proved that age and experience are important factors for both control takeover and way of reaction. Deficits and some elements related to inexperience were found in older and younger drivers, respectively, and those had a significant impact on the analyzed variables.
A narrative review of functional outcomes following nerve-sparing surgery for deeply infiltrating endometriosis
Authors: Leopold Beth , Klebanoff Jordan S. , Bendifallah Sofiane , Ayoubi Jean Marc , Soares Thiers , Rahman Sara , Moawad Gaby N.
Published: March 2021

Endometriosis negatively impacts the lives of countless women around the world. When medical management fails to improve the quality of life for women with either previously confirmed or suspected endometriosis often a decision must be made whether or not to proceed with surgery. When deeply infiltrating disease is diagnosed either clinically or by imaging studies often medical management alone will not suffice without excisional surgery. Surgery for endometriosis, especially deeply infiltrating disease, is not without risks. Aside from common risks of surgery endometriosis may also involve pelvic nerves, which can be hard to recognize to the untrained eye. Identification of pelvic nerves commonly encountered during endometriosis surgery is paramount to avoid inadvertent injury to optimize function outcomes. Injury to pelvic nerves can lead to urinary retention, constipation, sexual dysfunction, and refractory pain. However, nerve-sparing surgery for endometriosis has been proven to mitigate these complications and enhance recovery following surgery. Here we review the benefits of nerve-sparing surgery for deeply infiltrating disease.