bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinación de la concentración de solutos en orinas de pacientes caninos: comparación de osmometría versus densidad urinaria (refractometría y tiras reactivas)
Authors: Rodriguez Joaquin Valentin , Colla Cora , Ginés Melina Beatriz , Schröder Gisel
Published: June 2018

Para estimar la concentración de solutos urinarios, los métodos disponibles son la osmometría (OSM) (método de referencia) y la densidad urinaria (DU) que puede ser determinada mediante la densimetría, la refractometría (RF) y las tiras reactivas (TR). En veterinaria se usa tradicionalmente la RF, aunque recientemente se ha detectado la tendencia en algunos laboratorios al uso de TR. En la literatura existen controversias acerca de la eficacia de la TR respecto de su uso en muestras de caninos y felinos. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: valorar la exactitud de la RF y de las TR en la determinación de la DU en la orina de caninos comparándolas con el método de referencia, la OSM, y establecer un criterio para la valoración de la DU en las muestras de orina recibidas en nuestro laboratorio. Se analizaron 35 muestras de pacientes caninos. Se compararon: 1-osmolalidad de las muestras mediante la técnica de descenso crioscópico, 2-DU utilizando un refractómetro clínico y 3-DU utilizando tiras reactivas comerciales. Los resultados mostraron una fuerte correlación entre los valores de la DU determinados por RF y la OSM con una clara tendencia lineal. En cambio, la correlación entre la DU estimada por TR y la OSM fue muy débil, mostrando la falta de asociación entre dichas mediciones. Estos resultados sugieren que las TR muestran un valor posible de la DU, pero no su valor real. Para estimar la DU en caninos, la RF es el método óptimo en términos de costos, medición en campo, simpleza y fiabilidad.
Distribuição de renda na Amazônia: um estudo dos polos agroflorestais em Rio Branco, AC
Authors: Maciel Raimundo Cláudio Gomes , Cavalcante Filho Pedro Gilberto , Lima Júnior Francisco Bezerra , Souza Elyson Ferreira
Published: June 2018

Diante da dificuldade de reprodução social da produção familiar rural em assentamentos tradicionais criados pelo Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA), a Prefeitura Municipal de Rio Branco (PMRB) do Estado do Acre criou uma nova modalidade de assentamento na década de 1990, denominado Polo Agroflorestal, conhecido também como Cinturão Verde, com a finalidade de assentar antigos seringueiros e agricultores expropriados anteriormente. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a evolução da distribuição de renda no Cinturão Verde do município de Rio Branco em intervalo de dez anos. Especificamente, busca-se identificar a proporção de classes de renda na região, o valor de produção gerado e as condições do uso da terra. A hipótese adotada é que a criação do Polos Agroflorestais é fundamental para o fortalecimento da produção familiar rural de forma que contribua para o desenvolvimento da região, mediante a erradicação da pobreza e melhoria da distribuição de renda. A metodologia utilizada para realizar a avaliação econômica é desenvolvida e consolidada pelo Projeto de Análise Socioeconômica dos Sistemas Básicos de Produção Familiar Rural do Estado do Acre (ASPF) da Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC). Os resultados mostraram que houve uma melhoria na distribuição de renda entre as famílias assentadas nos Polos Agroflorestais, porém, os índices de concentração de renda acompanham a realidade brasileira, mostrando-se ainda elevados.
Eficiência dos gastos públicos com educação: evidências para o ensino fundamental de Santa Catarina
Authors: Mattei Tatiane Salete , Bezerra Fernanda Mendes
Published: June 2018

A escolaridade é um ativo que pode ser reproduzido e ofertado à população através da esfera pública, é essencial para o fomento do crescimento econômico, redução da desigualdade e da pobreza. Para uma educação de qualidade o ponto de partida é a qualidade da educação básica. Assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a eficiência dos gastos públicos nos municípios catarinenses em alocar seus recursos nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental nos anos de 2007 e 2011. Para esta finalidade foi utilizado o método da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), modelo de retornos variáveis de escala (BCC) com orientação a output. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a grande maioria dos municípios catarinenses não aloca de forma eficiente seus recursos e que os municípios menores são mais eficientes do que os municípios mais populosos. Por fim conclui-se que o crescimento dos gastos públicos não resultaram em melhores indicadores de qualidade do ensino fundamental de 2007 para 2011.
As relações interinstitucionais de desenvolvimento local em Ipatinga (MG)
Authors: Souza Simone
Published: June 2018

Nas últimas décadas, o desenvolvimento local tem sido amplamente discutido por diferentes abordagens teóricas em resposta à crise do paradigma nacional-desenvolvimentista. Vale salientar que o papel tradicional do Estado com a construção de grandes plantas industriais que reestruturava as economias em crise e era propulsor de reformas sociais foi paulatinamente sendo desmontado. As cidades-empresas vinculadas ao projeto de industrialização entram em declínio econômico e diferentes atores locais-regionais veem-se compelidos a buscar alternativas e caminhos para cidade-região como tentativas para superação do desemprego e da desigualdade social. Este artigo estabelece uma relação desta dinâmica com a cidade de Ipatinga/MG com os impactos da privatização da USIMINAS e as inciativas dos atores locais para reinventar a economia local. O procedimento metodológico adotado foi abordagem qualitativa com a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada e análise do discurso. Foram realizadas 12 entrevistas semiestruturadas com os atores locais e pesquisa documental. Os resultados apresentados na pesquisa demonstram que os efeitos da privatização da empresa, impactam no desenvolvimento econômico do município com redução dos postos de trabalho e comércio que ressente do arrefecimento da atividade do setor siderúrgico. Também revela que o poder público municipal tem pouca predisposição para estruturar parcerias público-privadas em promover o desenvolvimento local endógeno fato relacionado a trajetória de dependência e a inexistência de coesão e capital social. Sob estes aspectos, pode-se conceber que os projetos desenvolvidos são pouco ousados e ineptos para estimular suficientemente o desenvolvimento econômico e reduzir o elevado nível de desemprego.
Planalto Norte Catarinense: considerações sobre o setor florestal e a eucaliptocultura
Authors: Andrejow Gisela Maria Pedrassani , Pedrassani Daniela , Tussulini Flávia , Angelo Alessandro Camargo , Tambarussi Evandro Vagner , Auer Celso Garcia
Published: June 2018

A base econômica de florestas plantadas para a produção de madeira e seus produtos, sustenta uma cadeia produtiva que tem participação fundamental na economia do país. O Estado de Santa Catarina tem expressiva participação neste setor, tanto pelo número de empresas ligadas ao setor, como pela variedade e qualidade de produtos obtidos, sendo o Planalto Norte Catarinense (PNC) uma das regiões deste Estado onde o uso do solo com florestas plantadas se destaca. Neste contexto as florestas plantadas de Pinus e Eucalipto são a principal fonte de suprimento da cadeia produtiva florestal, abastecendo diversos segmentos industriais, suportando a economia de muitos municípios do PNC no cultivo de florestas. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em compreender o papel do setor florestal e da eucaliptocultura como atividade econômica no PNC, analisando sua contribuição para a geração de empregos, produtos e renda, e a conservação dos recursos naturais, principalmente nas pequenas propriedades. O referencial teórico utilizado está associado aos conceitos e caracterizações fundamentais sobre setor florestal, florestas plantadas, cadeia produtiva do setor florestal, produção florestal e Planalto Norte Catarinense. Metodologicamente, o trabalho realizado classifica-se como pesquisa exploratória, para o que se utilizou de levantamento literário, com pesquisa bibliográfica e compilação de dados estatísticos obtidos em periódicos científicos, agências nacionais, estaduais e relatórios anuais de associações de classe. Os levantamentos efetuados identificaram contradição sobre os benefícios gerados em desenvolvimento econômico, social e ambiental que o setor de florestas plantadas pode ofecer às regiões onde está estabelecido. Considerando-se os três aspectos, destacam-se os indicadores de geração de renda e de empregos diretos e indiretos, a conservação do solo e da água, a captura de gases de efeito estufa e a conservação e preservação de florestas nativas. Como oportunidades ao desenvolvimento florestal sustentável do PNC estão as condições edáficas da região favoráveis ao cultivo florestal e a previsão de consumo crescente de produtos florestais, inserindo a eucaliptocultura como atividade relevante nas políticas públicas e agenda de desenvolvimento regional.
Inovação e Desenvolvimento na Amazônia brasileira: uma análise para a Região Norte do Brasil
Authors: Bezerra Francisco Diétima da Silva
Published: June 2018

A inovação, enquanto fruto do conhecimento gerado por um processo contínuo de aprendizado, desempenha papel central na discussão sobre desenvolvimento, já que o sucesso econômico das empresas depende cada vez mais da sua capacidade em aprender e inovar. Partindo dessa perspectiva, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a inovação das firmas da Região Norte do Brasil. Para tanto, foi feita uma análise descritiva, com base nos dados da Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica (PINTEC) de 2014 levantados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), cuja amostra compreendeu 3.830 empresas da região que implementaram algum tipo de inovação. Os resultados mostram que os esforços inovativos empreendidos pelas empresas são fortemente marcados por elevados dispêndios na aquisição de máquinas e equipamentos, enquanto os investimentos empregados em treinamento, aquisição interna e externa de pesquisa e desenvolvimento são baixos, o que pode interferir na geração de novos conhecimentos e, portanto, no desenvolvimento da região estudada.
Basic and clinical research progress in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Wang Tong
Published: July 2018

Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute progressive respiratory failure caused by severe infection, trauma, shock, poisoning, inhaled harmful gas, acute pancreatitis, and pathological obstetrics. ALI and ARDS demonstrate similar pathophysiological changes. The severe stage of ALI is defined as ARDS. At present, a significant progress has been achieved in the study of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS. Whether or not ALI/ARDS patients can recover depends on the degree of lung injury, extra-pulmonary organ damage, original primary disease of a patient, and adequacy in supportive care. Conservative infusion strategies and protective lung ventilation reduce ARDS disability and mortality. In this study, the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, lung injury, molecular mechanisms of lung repair, and conservative infusion strategies and pulmonary protective ventilation are reviewed comprehensively.
Research progress on anti-infection therapy for sepsis in children
Authors: Lu Guoxiu
Published: July 2018

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection and a critical illness in pediatrics. This disease is the leading cause of death in infants and children worldwide. An early, appropriate, and adequate anti-infective treatment can effectively prevent disease progression and improve the survival rate of children. However, antimicrobial drug abuse, increased drug-resistant bacteria, and lack of epidemiological data have hampered the effective and rational anti-infective treatment of patients with sepsis and enhancement of the success rate of rescue, especially for children. This article briefly reviews the recent advances in anti-infective treatment for sepsis in children at home and abroad based on sepsis definition, pathogen distribution and drug resistance, infection source control, and rational anti-infection. The results provide a foundation for clinical treatment of sepsis.
Research progress in urinary tract infection and its therapeutic drugs
Authors: Gu Xiaoming
Published: July 2018

Objective

The objective of this study was to understand the pathological mechanism and therapeutic progress in the study of urinary tract infections to provide references for clinical diagnosis and identification and development of therapeutic drugs.

Methods

We summarized the types, pathological mechanisms, and therapeutic drugs for urinary tract infections on the basis of recent publications on these infections, both domestic and abroad.

Results and conclusions

Urinary tract infection is mainly caused by pathogenic bacterial infection and treated by targeting bacterial adhesion, bacterial toxin, protease, urease, and siderophores, as well as using pili as vaccines and small-molecule drugs. Vaccines that target bacterial adhesion can block well the interaction between pathogens and the body, thereby reducing the incidence of urinary tract infections. The clinical efficacy of vaccines targeting bacterial toxins and proteases needs further evaluation. Vaccines targeting iron carriers retard disease progression and attenuate bacterial colonization. Urease-targeted small-molecule drugs exhibit certain curative effects and serious side effects. Small pili-targeted drugs can prevent and treat urinary tract infections by blocking the colonization and invasion of pathogens in animal models of urinary tract infections on the bladder. Adhesive FimH antibodies have entered Phase I clinical trials. However, pilicides, mannosides, and vaccines that target pili, iron carriers, and other virulence factors are still in the experimental or preclinical stages of research.
Hospital staff’s risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders, especially low back pain
Authors: Hafner Nataša Dernovšček , Milek Damjana Miklič , Fikfak Metoda Dodič
Published: June 2018

Introduction

Health-related absenteeism impacts individuals, companies, and society. Its consequences are reflected in the cost of benefits, substitutes, and reduced productivity. Research shows that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common work-related health problem reported by hospital staff. This study determines the groups at the Ljubljana University Medical Centre that are most susceptible to MSDs, especially low back pain.

Methods

Using data from the Health Data Centre of the Slovenian National Public Health Institute and the medical centre, this cross-sectional study analysed absenteeism among medical centre employees. The correlation between MSD / low-back pain risk factors and incidence was determined using logistic regression. An odds ratio was calculated to determine the probability of MSDs, most especially low back pain via sex, age, occupation, and education.

Results

Sick leave at the medical centre is higher than 5%, exceeding the Slovenian healthcare sector average. MSDs, as the main reason for absence, is significantly more frequent in women, non-medical staff, and employees with a maximum secondary school education. Among the MSDs, low back pain predominates as a reason for absence and is most frequent among nurses, midwives, and employees of 20 to 44.9 years old.

Conclusion

This study offers insight into the health status of medical centre employees. The high percentage of sick leave is mainly due to musculoskeletal disorders, including low back pain. This is an important basis for further monitoring and analysis of sick leave indicators and for planning systematic and continuous workplace health-promoting measures to manage ergonomic risk factors and reduce health-related absenteeism.
The role of a school nurse in the care of a child with diabetes mellitus type 1 - the perspectives of patients and their parents: Literature review
Authors: Stefanowicz Anna , Stefanowicz Joanna
Published: June 2018

Introduction

The aim of this literature review was to explore the views of parents and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus regarding having a school nurse.

Methods

Six databases were selected for the analysis. The research strategy was based on the PICO model. The research participants were children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and/or their parents.

Results

The present review of research papers includes 12 publications. The majority of works deal with the perspectives of children with type 1 diabetes and their parents on various aspects related to the role of a school nurse in the care of a child with type 1 diabetes:

the presence of a school nurse;

the role of a school nurse in the prevention and treatment of hypoglycaemia, in performing the measurements of blood glucose, and in insulin therapy;

the role of a nurse in improving metabolic control of children with type 1 diabetes;

a nurse as an educator for children with type 1 diabetes, classmates, teachers, teacher’s assistants, principals, administrators, cafeteria workers, coaches, gym teachers, bus drivers, and school office staff;

a nurse as an organiser of the care for children with type 1 diabetes.

Conclusions

According to parents and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, various forms of school nurse support (i.e., checking blood glucose, giving insulin, giving glucagon, treating low and high blood glucose levels, carbohydrate counting) are consistently effective and should have an impact on the condition, improvement of metabolic control, school activity and safety at school.
Bir Yeşil İguanada (Iguana Iguana) Metastatik Kalsifikasyonlar ile Karakterize Metabolik Hastalık
Authors: İPEK Volkan , MUTLU Ayşe Meriç , AKKOÇ Ahmet , ÖZYİĞİT M. Özgür
Published: June 2018

Esaret altındaki sürüngenlerde böbrek hastalıkları
oldukça yaygındır ve ölümlerinin birincil sebebidir. Bakıcı yönetiminden ve
beslenmeden kaynaklanan metabolik hastalıklar böbrek hastalıkların
şekillenmesinde önemli bir yer tutar. Bu metabolik hastalıklar orta yaşlı yeşil
iguanalarda diyetteki kalsiyum/fosfor oranındaki dengesizlikler nedeni ile
oluşan kilo kaybı, anoreksi ve soluk müköz membranlarla karakterizedir.
Metabolik hastalığın kronikleştiği durumlarda ise belirgin dehidrasyon, ileri
derecede böbrek yetersizliği ve metastatik kalsifikasyonlar gözlenebilir. Sunulan
bu olguda hayvanat bahçesinde barındırılan yetişkin bir yeşil iguanada, idrar
kesesi içerisinde yaklaşık 3 cm çaplı, beyaz renkli ve sert kıvamlı bir taşın
bulunduğu gözlendi. Böbreklerin kıvamının oldukça sertleşmiş olduğu ve
yüzeylerinin pürüzlü bir görünüm aldığı dikkati çekti. Mikroskobik incelemede,
böbrek korteks ve medullasının diffuz bir şekilde yıkımlandığı; belirgin
fibrozis ile birlikte interstisyel alanda yaygın kalsifikasyonların da
bulunduğu gözlendi. Mide mukozasında
yaygın nekrotik sahaların oluştuğu ve bu nekrotik sahaların şekillenen
kalsifikasyona bağlı olarak mavimsi bir renkte boyandığı dikkati çekti. Ayrıca
akciğerlerde interstisyel alanlarda ve pankreasta da parankimal damarlarda
kalsifikasyonların şekillendiği görüldü.
Köpeklerde sevofloran ile oluşturulan inhalasyon anestezi öncesinde ksilazin-ketamin ya da propofol kullanımının postoperatif ağrı üzerine etkinliklerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: Ermutlu Celal Şahin
Published: June 2018

Bu
çalışmada sevofloran gaz anestezisi için ksilazin-ketamin kombinasyonu veya
propofol ile sağlanan indüksiyonların postoperatif analjezi üzerine etkilerinin
karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Hayvan materyalini ekstremite kırığı ile
kliniklerimize getirilen 14 adet köpek oluşturdu.  Köpekler 7’şerli iki gruba ayrıldı. Birinci
grupta indüksiyon amacıyla ksilazin HCl (1 mg/kg, iv) – ketamin HCl (2.5 mg/kg,
iv) kombinasyonu, ikinci grupta ise propofol (6 mg/kg, iv) kullanıldı. Her iki
grupta da indüksiyonu takiben köpekler entübe edilerek anestezinin devamı
sevofloran ile sürdürüldü. Operasyon öncesinde ve 5, 15, 30, 60. ve 90.
dakikalarında köpeklerin; vücut sıcaklıkları, solunum sayıları, kalp atım
sayıları ve oksijen saturasyonları kaydedildi. Ayrıca kan serumunda glikoz,
AST, ALT, BUN ve kreatinin değerleri belirlendi. Operasyondan sonra 2, 4, 6, 8,
12 ve 24. saatlerde kalp atım sayısı, solunum sayısı ve vücut sıcaklıkları
kaydedildi. Postoperatif aynı saatlerde basit ağrı tanımlama skalası (BAS),
Melbourne ağrı skalası (MAS) ve Glaskow kompozit ağrı skalasına (GKAS) göre
değerlendirme yapılarak gruplar ağrı bakımından karşılaştırıldı. Postoperatif 4.
saatte kalp atım sayıları grup içinde istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmasına
rağmen gruplar arasında benzerdi. BAS, MAS ve GKAS’na göre I. Grupta postoperatif
6, II. grupta postoperatif 4. saatte istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark
belirlendi. Sonuç olarak ketaminin analjezik etkisinin operasyon sonrası
dönemde propofole kıyasla daha uzun süre devem ettiği görüldü.
Hormon ve Antibiyotik Kullanımına İlişkin Çıkan Olumsuz Haberlerin Tüketicilerin Tavuk Eti Tüketim Alışkanlıklarına Etkisi (Kars İli Örneği)
Authors: DEMİR Pınar , AYDIN Erol
Published: June 2018

Türkiye’de hayvancılık sektörü içinde
tavukçuluk sektörü en gelişmiş ve rekabet etme potansiyeli en yüksek olan
sektördür. Son dönemlerde Türkiye’de kırmızı et sektöründe yaşanan fiyat
artışları sektörün önemini daha da arttırmıştır. Ancak zaman zaman gündeme
gelen hormon ve antibiyotik kullanımına ilişkin haberlerin kanatlı eti
tüketimin olumsuz etkileyip etkilemediğini belirlemek amacıyla toplam 475 kişi
ile yüz yüze anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada Kars ilindeki
tüketicilerin hormon ve antibiyotik kullanımına ilişkin çıkan haberler
doğrultusunda %70’inin tavuk etini riskli olarak gördükleri ve özellikle gelir
durumu yüksek olan tüketicilerin tüketimlerini önemli ölçüde azaltırken, gelir
seviyesi düşük olanların fiyatın düşmesine bağlı olarak tüketimlerini
arttıkları belirlenmiştir. Bu bakımdan Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı ile
birlikte sektör paydaşlarının tavuk etlerinin antibiyotik ve hormon kalıntısı
yönünden yasal mevzuata uygun olduğuna yönelik bilgilerin düzenli olarak
kamuoyu ile paylaşılmasının sektörün daha da büyümesi açısından önem olduğu
düşünülmektedir.
Bir köpeğin uterusunda malign osteoklast-benzeri dev hücreli tümör
Authors: ÖZSOY Şule Yurdagül , KUL Oğuz
Published: June 2018

Bu vaka raporunda 10 yaşlı, dişi, Setter ırkı, bir köpekte uterusta nadir
gözlenen osteoklast-benzeri dev hücreli tümör bildirilmiştir. Makroskobik
olarak 27x24x11 cm ölçülen tümöral kitle serviks tabanında yer alıyordu.
Histopatolojik olarak atipik iğ-küresel şekilli yüksek mitotik aktiviteye sahip
hücreler ile dağınık halde osteoklast benzeri çok çekirdekli dev hücreler
gözlendi. Tümör hücreleri vimentin, CD 117, LCA antikorları ile pozitif
boyandı. Bunun tersine, aynı hücreler sitokeratin, CD 34, S100 ve SMA
antikorları ile boyanmadı Bu bir köpeğin uterusunda ilk defa bildirilen malign
osteoklast-benzeri dev hücreli tümördür.
Family Medicine Preceptorships for First Year Medical Students: Durable Educational Value Amid Healthcare Transformation
Authors: Boulger James , Onello Emily
Published: June 2018

In existence for decades, the first year required Family Medicine Preceptorship at the Duluth regional campus of the University of Minnesota Medical School has provided students with opportunities to work with regional family physicians.  Exposing medical students to excellent primary care of patients early in the curriculum remains an educational priority.  This time series analysis for the years 1992, 2002 and 2012 examines the physician’s practice structure (physician-owner versus employed physician) along with physician willingness to participate. As anticipated, the data demonstrate a transition from independent practice to larger health systems; physicians in large health systems at 22.9% (1992); 28.8% (2002); and 64.3% (2012). In addition, a downward trend in the percentage of physicians agreeing to serve as preceptors is reported (1992 at 83.61%; 2002 at 70.97%; and 2012 at 61.22%). This time series analysis also provides comparative data summarizing student opinion and evaluation of these experiences from the years 1992, 2012 and 2015. Despite changes in practice structure and fewer physicians agreeing to precept, the data demonstrate consistently high ratings by medical students over time.
Tracking Medical Students and Graduates from Hometown to Practice using Geographic Information Systems, 2011-2017
Authors: Kochhar Komal , Fancher Laurie M , Brokaw James J , Wilson Jeffrey S , Nalin Peter M
Published: June 2018

Background: Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) through its statewide system provides medical education and clinical experiences across Indiana for more than 1,450 medical students in nine regions, including Indianapolis and eight regional medical campuses (RMCs). The majority of medical students begin their education distributed among the RMCs, and some students continue clinical experiences at the RMCs for their third and fourth years.

Methods: We used a Geographic Information System (GIS) to visualize and document the contribution of our RMCs in Indiana to the physician workforce pipeline. Using data from the 2011-2017 graduating classes, we created a geospatial database that linked key information from student records and public domain sources (e.g., hometown, campus assignment, PGY1 specialty, and practice) with their corresponding locational information. ArcGIS 10.5 GIS software was used to produce a series of maps to visualize patterns in student outcomes among the RMCs over time.

Results: By using GIS to track medical trainees from hometown to practice, we can provide accurate visualization of extensive geographic data. The maps revealed similarities and differences among the RMCs not fully appreciated until visually mapped, including the specialty choice of students from different campuses and the proportion of graduates practicing in medically underserved areas of the state.

Conclusions: GIS maps and their analyses can identify strengths and distinctions among the RMCs while providing accurate descriptions of the role of geography in the professional development journey of the physician workforce. This ongoing project is a major step toward integrating GIS as a familiar tool in academic administration and health workforce research to assist future decision-making by the school leadership.
Regional Medical Campuses in Canada and the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fyfe Trina , Akins Ralitsa , Gagne' Pierre , Cheifetz Craig , Petrocelly Sarina , Payne Geoffrey
Published: June 2018

Introduction

The development of Regional Medical Campuses (RMCs) in Northern America has been a response to the call to increase undergraduate medical student enrollment and meet the societal needs of healthcare access by addressing physician shortages in underserved and in rural areas. We studied the literature on undergraduate RMCs in US and Canada to identify types of studies and leading themes.

Methods

Literature searches were performed within the following databases: Medline OVIDSP, Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews OVIDSP, CINAHL EBSCO, ERIC EBSCO, PsycInfo EBSCO, and Web of Science ISI. Articles were included in the review if they discussed undergraduate medical education in allopathic schools in Northern America (US and Canada), were written in English and related to regional medical campuses. Each article was reviewed and assessed by two of the authors, and information extracted from the literature was thematically analyzed.

Results

Fifty (50) articles were selected for inclusion in the final review. All selected articles fit the definition of Regional Medical Campus developed by the Association of American Medical Colleges’ Group on Regional Medical Campuses (GRMC). The GRMC has defined that RMCs could be of four distinct types: basic science campuses, where students study pre-clinical (basic sciences) courses; clinical campuses, where clerkship training is completed; longitudinal model (for example, Longitudinal Integrated Clerkships) and, usually 4-year campuses, where both pre-clinical and clinical curriculum is delivered. Thirty-six (36) of the reviewed articles (72%) specifically stated that the development of RMCs was in response to the physician shortage and limited access to healthcare in rural areas. Twenty-five (25) articles discussed program models that spanned both basic science and clinical curricula. Of the 50 articles that were included in the final review, 15 (30%) utilized descriptive methodology, and 35 (70%) involved quantitative, qualitative or mixed methods research, with some being considered “program evaluations.” Four major themes emerged from the reviewed articles: workforce, social accountability, distributed medical education, and regional versus main campus settings.

Conclusion

This study is the first comprehensive literature review of publications on Regional Medical Campuses and thus provides a benchmark and direction for future research in the RMCs topic area.
Editor's Note
Authors: Johns Alan
Published: June 2018

We are happy to publish our third issue of the Journal of Regional Medical Campuses. The response we have received has been excellent, both in numbers and quality of submissions. Our editorial board continues to meet regularly to discuss suggestions from our readers and future plans. Please continue to pass the word of our journal to your colleagues on our regional campuses.

 

I would like to acknowledge the article “Lessons learned through a partnership with Marshallese faith-based organizations to screen for hypertension and diabetes” by Dr. Pearl McElfish from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest Regional Campus. The program she describes was the winner of the 2017 AAMC Regional Medical Campus Star of Community Achievement Award. This award was presented at the GRMC Spring meeting in Washington, DC.

 

Alan Johns, MD, MEd

Co-Editor, Journal of Regional Medical Campuses
Combining the Love of Art, Science, Business and Medicine to Innovate and Enhance Patient Health. Highlights from the 7th Annual Leaders in Medicine Symposium of the Cummings School of Medicine, Calgary, AB
Authors: Beatty Jennifer , Peplowski Michael , Singh Noreen , Beers Craig , Beck Evan M , Hollenberg Morley , Yipp Bryan , Beck Paul L
Published: June 2018

The Leader in Medicine (LIM) Program of the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, hosted its 7th Annual LIM Research Symposium on October 30, 2015 and participation grew once again, with a total of six oral and 99 posters presentations! Over 45 of our Faculty members also participated in the symposium. This year’s LIM Symposium theme was “Innovations in Medicine” and the invited guest speaker was our own Dr. Breanne Everett (MD/MBA). She completed her residency in plastic surgery at University of Calgary and holds both a medical degree and an MBA from the University of Calgary. In her inspiring talk, entitled “Marrying Business and Medicine: Toe-ing a Fine Line”, she described how she dealt with a clinical problem (diabetic foot ulcers), came up with an innovation that optimized patient care, started her own company and delivered her product to market to enhance the health of the community. She clearly illustrated how to complete the full circle, from identifying a clinical problem to developing and providing a solution that both enhances clinical care and patient health as well as reduces health care costs and hospital admissions. The research symposium was an outstanding success and the abstracts are included in companion article in CIM.
Proceedings from the 7th Annual University of Calgary Leaders in Medicine Research Symposium
Authors: Frolkis Alexander , Beatty Jennifer , Peplowski Michael , Singh Noreen , Beers Craig , Beck Evan M , Hollenberg Morley , Yipp Bryan , Beck Paul L
Published: June 2018

TOn October 30th, 2015, the Leaders in Medicine (LIM) program at the Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary hosted its 7th Annual Research Symposium. Dr. Breanne Everett, President and CEO of Orpyx Medical Technologies and holder both of medical and MBA degrees from the University of Calgary, presented a lecture entitled “Marrying Business and Medicine: Toe-ing a Fine Line”. The LIM symposium also provides a forum for both LIM and non-LIM medical students to present their research work in oral and poster presentation formats. This year over 100 students submitted their work and six oral presentations and 99 posters were presented.

The oral presentations were as follows:

Ryan Lewinson, Prediction of wedged insole-induced changes to knee joint moments during walkingLindsey Logan, Robotic measures provide insight on sensorimotor and cognitive impairments following traumatic brain injury Jackie Mann, What medication information do community doctors want to receive in discharge summaries for safer transfers? Ashley Jensen, Increased mortality associated with resident handoff periods at ten veterans administration medical centers Jason Bau, Keratinocyte growth factor protects against C. difficile-induced cell injury and death Michael Keough, A novel drug class promotes regeneration of central nervous system myelin by overcoming inhibitory scar molecules in vitro and in vivo For further details on the University of Calgary Leaders in Medicine Program see “A Prescription that Addresses the Decline of Basic Science Education in Medical School” (Clinical and Investigative Medicine. 2014;37(5):E29).

The LIM Symposium has the following objectives: (1) to showcase the variety of projects undertaken by students in the LIM Program as well as University of Calgary medical students; (2) to encourage medical student participation in research and special projects; (3) to inform students and faculty about the diversity of opportunities available for research and special projects during medical school and beyond; and, (4) to enhance student and staff interactions, with the ultimate goal being to enhance translational medicine improve health.
Class Size and Student Achievement
Authors: Owuor Nickanor A.
Published: June 2018

The change from elite to mass higher education has arguably heightened pressure on HE in many countries. Therefore the relevance of class size with regard to student achievement and quality assurance has become such a topical issue. Thus, this study employs a quantitative method by way of a parametric paired t test to investigate the effect of splitting a large class into smaller groups in two successive semesters at an anonymous university. The identity of the university has not been revealed as per prior arrangement with the administration.  The data on the students’ performance in the two semesters is analysed and it is established that there is a positive relationship between class size and student achievement, even though it does not establish specifically how small is best. The paper begins with an introduction, discusses the methodology, then delves into the data and finally ends with some discussion and conclusion.
Os Cavaleiros: a composição política e teatral
Authors: De Carli Elisana
Published: June 2018

Aristófanes, em Os Cavaleiros, apresenta a disputa política entre dois adversários para governar a casa do Povo, revelando meandros ardilosos para se chegar e se manter no poder. Neste artigo é analisada a relação entre o referencial histórico e a elaboração estética, a partir de: i) as personagens e o cotidiano político de Atenas; ii) criação poética e/ou retrato do cotidiano?; iii) a ação cômica: a realidade refletida no espelho da comédia; ponderando a construção aristofânica na correlação de estrutura e conteúdo a potencializar o jogo teatral. Nesse percurso, vê-se a fundante relação da comédia com os assuntos que movem a cidade – aqui, a política e o teatro –, demonstrando que o espectador é parte fundamental dos dois fazeres: o político e o teatral. Ainda que passados séculos, essa comédia evidencia a pertinência da temática e da conformação das personagens, revelando a deterioração do ambiente político, identificado com facilidade pelo leitor/espectador contemporâneo.
As duplicidades do Édipo Rei de Sófocles
Authors: Silva Rafael Guimarães Tavares da
Published: June 2018

Os principais estudiosos da peça de Sófocles, Édipo Rei (S. OT), na qual Édipo figura como governante supremo de Tebas, sugerem que a característica determinante dessa personagem seria uma espécie de ambivalência ou duplicidade fundamentais. Nesse sentido, Édipo seria na verdade não apenas um, mas dois. Assumindo essa caracterização como típica do discurso trágico (tal como sugere Jean-Pierre Vernant), demonstraremos que um agravamento de algo dessa ordem compromete a unicidade desse mŷthos, bem como suas personagens e suas falas, já que até mesmo seu protagonista é cindido em duas figuras diferentes e, de certa maneira, antagônicas. O objetivo do presente artigo é atentar para a complexidade da construção de seu enredo – em seus diferentes estratagemas para proporcionar deslocamentos espaço-temporais, situações tensas, expressões de conteúdo dúbio e de valor indecidível – com que se configura o crescendona significação trágica do drama até sua dissolução na cena em que uma verdade mais profunda é revelada num cegante e violento esplendor. O conflito entre a duplicidade da realidade humana e a univocidade do discurso divino atinge um paroxismo que já era reconhecido na própria Antiguidade e que é responsável por fazer com que essa peça seja considerada por muitos a obra-prima de Sófocles, quiçá de todo o repertório trágico da Atenas clássica.
As tragédias pessoais de Quintiliano na Institutio oratoria: captatio beneuolentiae, interlúdio ou desabafo público? (Inst. 6, Proêmio)
Authors: Pinton Beatriz Rezende Lara , Miotti Charlene Martins
Published: June 2018

Neste artigo temos como objetivo apresentar uma tradução do proêmio do sexto livro da Institutio oratoriade Quintiliano, analisando as estratégias retóricas utilizadas pelo autor para a comoção do público através do seu relato. No proêmio deste livro, que encerra a primeira metade da obra, Quintiliano expõe os dramas da sua vida pessoal e lastima a morte prematura da esposa e dos dois filhos, em uma narrativa envolvente, trágica e fortemente marcada pelo tom patético. Com base no estudo do texto em latim, nas influências aristotélicas e na bibliografia dos pesquisadores que já se debruçaram sobre o tema, tentaremos colocar sob suspeita a prerrogativa de que o proêmio seria tão somente um desabafo público de Quintiliano sobre as suas próprias tragédias pessoais, como autor empírico, e procuraremos, para isso, apontar algumas das evidências textuais que nos permitem afirmar que o proêmio deste livro se consolida também como um exercício retórico de aplicação dos ensinamentos prescritos ao longo de seu manual retórico, particularmente no tocante à manipulação das emoções.
A prólepsis de Epicuro e seus significados
Authors: Damásio Marcos Roberto
Published: June 2018

O presente artigo investiga a noção de prólepsis (πρόληψις) na filosofia de Epicuro a partir dos termos empregados por Diógenes Laércio no parágrafo 33 do 10º livro de Vida e doutrinas dos filósofos ilustres. O termo prólepsis é um neologismo de Epicuro, como afirmou Cícero, e que, para explicá-lo convincentemente, Diógenes Laércio recorreu a outros termos consolidados na tradição filosófica: katálepsis, dóxa orthé, énnoia e katholikè nóesis. Segundo Epicuro, a prólepsis é uma retenção mnêmica (μνήμη) formada empiricamente a partir do que afeta os sentidos (αἰσθήσεις) e constitui-se de diversas experiências vivenciadas no decurso do tempo, isto é, de uma pluralidade de experiências que deixaram marcas (τύποι) na psykhé, vindo a ser acionadas pelo entendimento (διάνοια) sempre que necessárias. Muito cara à sua filosofia, a prólepsis como o segundo “critério da verdade” (κριτήρια τῆς ἀληθείας) garante a passagem da sensibilidade ao entendimento, legitimando assim a capacidade de produção de conhecimento “confirmado” (μαρτύριον).
Glória e identidade na Nemeia 10 de Píndaro
Authors: Bustos María Natalia
Published: June 2018

O tema da “identidade” na Nemeia 10 de Píndaro parece não ter sido tratado com suficiente atenção pelos estudiosos, que apontam, sobretudo, os tópicos da amizade, lealdade e comunicação entre deuses e homens como os tópicos essenciais desta Ode. Este trabalho sublinha a importância do tema da “identidade” na Nemeia 10 de Píndaro. Nesta Ode, Píndaro enfatiza que a tradição e os traços inatos que constituem a identidade de uma pessoa ou cidade são resultado não só de herança, mas também das escolhas pessoais feitas em relação aos outros homens e aos deuses. Ela destaca também a intervenção dos deuses na definição da identidade de uma pessoa ou cidade e na concessão de glória e imortalidade.
Assessment of Bioplastic Producing Potential of Bacillus subtilis using Some Agricultural Residues as Carbon Source
Authors: Sallau Abdullahi Balarabe , Salim Bashir , Salihu Aliyu
Published: June 2018

This study was carried out to assess the bioplastic producing potential of Bacillus subtilis using a variety of pretreated agricultural residues. Four agricultural residues (rice husks, molasses, bagasse, and corn cobs) were subjected to acid, alkaline and oxidative pretreatments using standard procedures. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) produced was extracted using chloroform precipitation and quantified spectrophotometrically. The PHB production (g/L) for acid, alkali and hydrogen peroxide pretreatments were 1.52±0.02, 1.82±0.01, and 1.70±0.01 for rice husk;  1.82±0.01, 1.52±0.02, and 1.69±0.01 for molasses; 0.87±0.06, 1.10±0.10, and 0.96±0.07 for sugarcane bagasses and 0.5±0.00, 0.77±0.06, and 0.60±0.10 for corn cob, respectively. The maximum bioplastic yield of 63.94±2.59% was obtained in alkali pretreated corn cobs, while the lowest yield of 50.33±0.76% was found in acid pretreated rice husk. Thus, the findings in this study revealed that agricultural residues could be explored for PHB production in the presence of potential microbial strains due to their abundance, high carbon content, limited inhibitory effect and cost effectiveness.
Numerical Solution of the Bagley-Torvik Equation Using the Integer-Order Derivatives Expansion
Authors: Hasan Afrah Sadiq
Published: June 2018

Numerical solution of the well-known Bagley-Torvik equation is considered. The fractional-order derivative in the equation is converted, approximately, to ordinary-order derivatives up to second order. Approximated Bagley-Torvik equation is obtained using finite number of terms from the infinite series of integer-order derivatives expansion for the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative. The Bagley-Torvik equation is a second-order differential equation with constant coefficients. The derived equation, by considering only the first three terms from the infinite series to become a second-order ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients, is numerically solved after it is transformed into a system of first-order ordinary differential equations. The approximation of fractional-order derivative and the order of the truncated error are illustrated through some examples. Comparison between our result and exact analytical solution are made by considering an example with known analytical solution to show the preciseness of our proposed approach.
Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Level Distribution of Rojhelat Cafe in Duhok City
Authors: Sadiq Diyar A.S , Muneer Wasfiya A.
Published: June 2018

There are a few data of toxic concentrations and their distribution of cigarrete and Shisha smoking in Café. Therefore, the aim of this study is to know the concentration and the distribution of both CO and CO2 gases in Rojhelat Café in Duhok city. Both gases have been measured in different positions of Café before opening and until closing the place. Furthermore, the distributions of gases at different places and different elevation have been measured. The results showed that the effect of shisha on producing gases is more than cigarrete. We found that the toxic gases in Café were too high. This study will help the Café manufacture how to design the building such Café for air conveyor and condition.
Elemental and Infrared Characterization of Contaminants in Second-Hand Cotton Garments From Flea Markets In Valencia City, Bukidnon, Philippines
Authors: Butanas Marilou Auxtero Pedroso , Butanas Jr. Bienvenido Masirin
Published: July 2018

The use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) characterizations have been indispensable techniques in distinguishing purity of the samples. These techniques give spectra that will be used to analyze the composition, morphology, purity, among others, of the material. One of its interesting applications is to assess elemental and chemical contaminations on second hand clothing. In this study, second hand (Ukay-Ukay) cotton garments from selected flea market sites in Valencia City, Bukidnon, Philippines were examined quantitatively for microbial and chemical contaminations by using FTIR, SEM, and EDX. The FTIR results obtained in both sites showed broad peaks at ~3336 cm-1 attributed to OH functional group, and absorption peaks at 2901.30 cm-1 associated to C-H bond, 1159.70 cm-1, 1107.44 cm-1 and 1053.82 cm-1 attributed to the stretches of CO bond. All of them were characteristics of cotton material. We observed degradation of the cotton material on both sites evident in the decreasing intensity of OH stretching (at peaks around ~3334 cm -1 [site A] and ~3332 cm -1 [site B]) and C-O stretching (around ~1500-1700 cm-1). These were due to the presence of microorganisms such as fungi (e.g. Aspergillus species). The degradation was also observed in the SEM results. Furthermore, peaks related to carboxylate contaminants were observed in both sites around ~1600 – 1800 cm-1 that may be caused by the exposure of the cotton garments in hydrochloric acid (HCl). In general, the characterization results on both sites indicated traces of microorganisms and that the second-hand cotton clothes were contaminated by hazardous chemicals.
Physical Oceanography Condition in Eastern Karimata Strait: Pasir Mayang Beach West Kalimantan
Authors: Harianto Harianto , Kushadiwijayanto Arie Antasari , Apriansyah Apriansyah
Published: July 2018

Karimata strait is located in the western Indonesian, separate the Kalimantan and Belitung island, that has an important role for the distribution services. The information about its dynamics such as tidal behavior, and wave is the key to support the navigation activities in this area. This research describes the results of measurements of the physical oceanography parameter on the eastern side of the Karimata Strait, Pasir Mayang Beach. The tidal data were measured for 15 days in February 25th – March 12th, 2017 and sea current were observed for 24 hours on February 27-28th, 2017. The result showed that tidal type in this area is diurnal tide with amplitude of M2, S2, K1, and O1 respectively are 0.085 m, 0.086 m, 0.455 m, and 0.342 m. Significant wave’s high is ranged from 0.12 – 0.31 m with significant period of 5.32-6.9 s. The wave direction is south western. The current velocity is ranged from 0.087- 0.112 m/s and average current velocity is 0.092 m/s. The tidal current direction is northeast at low tide and south western at high tide. This study also reveals important information that wave energy variability is not only affected by seasonal conditions but also influenced by tides. The tides have responsibility to change the propagation medium of wave that is originated dispersive to non-dispersive medium. This study opens a new study of correction of wave measurement procedures by including and taking into account the effects of tides.