bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Musicoterapia e seus Impactos Terapêuticos em Portadores de Alzheimer: Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Nunes Ana Clara Pereira , Dias Bianca Gomes Vieira , Andrade Adna Gorette Ferreira
Published: January 2024

O Alzheimer é uma patologia que pode ser classificada em maior ou menor grau. Alguns pacientes, que estão no estado inicial da doença, podem não apresentar comprometimento significativo da memória e das habilidades físicas, motoras e intelectuais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar estudos baseados nos impactos terapêuticos da musicoterapia em portadores de Alzheimer. O presente estudo tratou-se de uma revisão integrativa, sendo a mais ampla abordagem metodológica referente às revisões, permitindo a inclusão de estudos experimentais e não-experimentais para uma compreensão completa do fenômeno analisado, tendo como base de dados, PubMed, LILACS e Scielo. Por meio da busca de dados nessas bases científicas foi possível perceber os impactos benéficos da musicoterapia em indivíduos portadores de Doença de Alzheimer. A musicoterapia causa sensações de alegria, felicidade, bem-estar, relaxamento, mudança de rotina, entretenimento, redução de sintomas, recordações positivas, companhia e sensação de passagem mais rápida do tempo.
Uma Abordagem sobre a Síndrome de Burnout e seus Reflexos na Rotina das Empresas
Authors: Matos Josiel José de , Menezes Tatiane Dias , Nunes Ana Lúcia de Paula Ferreira
Published: January 2024

A Síndrome de Burnout vem se tornando uma preocupação crescente no ambiente corporativo, pois os impactos que exercem sobre a saúde mental dos indivíduos também fazem com que a eficiência operacional das empresas diminua. Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar os impactos da Síndrome de Burnout, caracterizada pela exaustão emocional e física, despersonalização e redução da realização pessoal. Explora como esses elementos afetam a rotina das organizações, os impactos que devem ser analisados e refletidos. Examina as causas subjacentes ao desenvolvimento do Burnout. A pesquisa visa destacar a interação entre os fatores individuais e organizacionais que manifestam no Burnout, enfatizando a importância de estratégias de prevenção em ambos os níveis. Além disso, o trabalho analisa os reflexos da Síndrome de Burnout nas empresas, pois a exaustão emocional pode levar a um declínio na produtividade, que aumenta o absenteísmo e diminui o engajamento dos funcionários. Detectou-se que a despersonalização afeta negativamente as relações pessoais, prejudicando a comunicação e a colaboração e que, a redução da realização pessoal leva a um esgotamento criativo e inovador. Foram discutidas estratégias para lidar com a Síndrome de Burnout nas organizações, incluindo a promoção de uma cultura que valorize o equilíbrio entre trabalho e vida pessoal, a criação de programas de bem-estar mental, a oferta de treinamentos para habilidades de gerenciamento de estresse e a implementação de políticas que permitam maior autonomia e participação dos funcionários na tomada de decisões. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa aplicada, utilizando-se a pesquisa bibliográfica, com materiais já elaborados, como livros e artigos científicos, buscando uma ampla cobertura do objeto de estudo. Conclui-se que, a Síndrome de Burnout apresenta desafios significativos para as empresas, mas abordagens proativas podem mitigar seus impactos. Reconhecer os sinais precoces, adotar medidas preventivas e criar um ambiente de trabalho saudável são passos cruciais para enfrentar essa questão complexa e preservar tanto o bem-estar dos indivíduos quanto o desempenho organizacional.
Open source automated insulin delivery systems: experience of russian patients
Authors: Klimontov V. V. , Shishin K. S.
Published: January 2024

Open source closed loop automated insulin delivery (CL-AID) systems are increasingly used in the treatment of diabetes. Not being officially approved, such systems are used by patients on their own initiative. Accordingly, the medical community has very little information about the treatment satisfaction and needs of patients that use these systems. We conducted an anonymous internet survey of Russian users of open source CL-AID systems. Ninety-five respondents reported using AndroidAPS (60%), FreeAPS X (16.6%), Loop (10.5%), FreeAPS (5.3%), OpenAPS (3.2%), and Omnia (2.1%). The duration of use of the systems ranged from 0.1 to 6 years (median 2.1 years). The mean HbA1c in users was 6.1% v.s. 7.3% on previous therapy. Most respondents reported an increase in Time in Range (88%), a decrease in the number of hypoglycemic episodes (73%), an improvement in the sleep quality (76%), general well-being (73%), social adaptation (56%) and self-confidence (69%), as well as a decrease in stress levels (56%) after switching to the systems. Ninety (94%) survey participants reported increase in the treatment satisfaction. The majority of respondents (68%) consider themselves advanced gadget users. However, 79% of them had technical difficulties when setting up the system for the first time, 46% had difficulty understanding the settings of the algorithm / program, and 35% spent a lot of effort studying the system. Support from the attending physician was reported by 27% of respondents, 35% noted the neutral attitude to the use of the system, and in 18% of cases the doctor was not aware of its use. All respondents, with the exception of two who found it difficult to answer, plan to continue using the system. Thus, from the patient's point of view, open source CL-AID systems have a positive effect on glycemic control and quality of life. The medical community should pay more attention to the needs of patients using these systems in treatment.
Impacts of Sea Level Rise and Land Use on Coastal Wetlands: Methodology Applied to Baía da Babitonga (SC)
Authors: Filgueras André Schmidt , Silva Tatiana Silva da , Corrêa Iran Carlos Stalliviere
Published: January 2024

Coastal wetlands are formed by ecosystems with the potential to resist and even expand because of climate change. However, they depend on the preservation of their environmental quality and the ecosystem services they provide, including sediment accumulation, which is essential for maintaining current areas, and the presence of contiguous land areas free from human occupation, allowing for migration to higher areas in response to sea-level rise. To develop a methodology for the joint assessment of the impacts of climate change and land occupation of coastal ecosystems, this study focuses on the mangroves of Baía da Babitonga, located on the northern coast of Santa Catarina. By using projections of sea-level rise and human occupation expansion around the bay based on land cover and land use data, it was possible to identify immediate effects of sea-level rise and human occupation in the short, medium, and long term, as well as the potential expansion area for mangroves. The results indicate the need for the expansion of conservation areas, considering displacement zones towards the mainland, and the control of various stress factors that can interfere with the ecosystem's health and its ability to maintain current areas.
EVALUATING THE PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF SIX (6) COMBRETUM SPECIES IN THE BIOMIMETIC SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Egonu Sheily Nneka , Okafor Uche Cyprian , Isuosuo Chinyere Chioma , Udoh Obiora Emmanuel , Chukwuemeka Chukwuma Kenechukwu , Njoku Emmanuel Gabriel , Udengwu Obi Sergius
Published: January 2024

Existing research has shown that plants are best suited for the ecofriendly green synthesis of nanoparticles. This study reported novel findings on the biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf extract of six medicinal plant species in the genus, Combretum (C. paniculatum, C. dolichopetalum, C. platypterum, C racemosum, C. bauchiense, and C. demeusei). It was concerned with the characterization, phytochemical screening, antimicrobial and cytological evaluation of the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The novelty of this study lies in the creation of a nanoparticle production index (NPPI) of the species based on their crystalline sizes (in nm) and yield (in mg/l) of AgNPs. This NPPI can be defined as a measure of the quantity of particles produced with respect to the experimental species.  The study also investigated whether these species would produce similar results since they belong to the same genus. It was observed that the smaller the size of the nanoparticles, the higher the production index. The highest production index was observed in C. paniculatum (18.75 nm, 144. 6 mg/l), and the least in C. demeusei (0 nm, 6.3 mg/l). The AgNPs were characterized using various standard analytical techniques. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the species showed 2 theta values in the 40° range, all corresponding to miller indices of (200). The synthesized AgNPs showed varying but significant antimicrobial activities. Also, majority of the species showed a high NPPI. The study heralds a system, “phytonanotaxonomy”, the classification of plants of the same taxa based on their NPPI.
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES USING ENDOPHYTIC ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
Authors: Parveen Sumaiya , Rashtrapal P S
Published: January 2024

Insect pests harm crops severely and disperse a wide range of diseases that are transmitted by insects. Chemical pesticides are frequently used to manage them. Due to their constant usage over many years, insect pests have become increasingly resistant to practically all kinds of chemical pesticides, which has increased the demand for alternatives. For effective and environmentally safe insect pest control, insect pathogenic fungi are seen to be a viable alternative to practically all kinds of conventional pesticides. However, the viability of this strategy is being constrained by the sluggish death rate and necessity of large conidial concentrations. The ability of these fungi to regulate insects has previously been examined, but more recent research has focused on their potential to operate as plant endophytes to protect plants from phytopathogens and enhance other elements of agricultural output. The significance of these entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes in the context of biological control is discussed in this article. Finding local strains of entomopathogenic fungi that can colonise endophytes and their possible utility in the management of disease-causing pests are the main goals of our research for this review.
O cesarzowych Cesarstwa Łacińskiego (1204–1261) (4). Berengaria z Léonu
Authors: Pentek Zdzisław
Published: January 2024

Artykuł stanowi czwartą część cyklu „O cesarzowych Cesarstwa Łacińskiego (1204–1261)”. Jego celem jest przedstawienie postaci Berengarii z Leónu (po kastylijsku Berenguela), trzeciej żony Jana z Briene, przede wszystkim w oparciu o źródła kastylijskie i starofrancuskie. Wiadomości na jej temat są lakoniczne i rozproszone. Berengaria była córką króla Leonu Alfonsa IV i jego drugiej małżonki, Berengarii Kastylijskiej. Urodziła się w 1204 roku, w 1224 roku poślubiła ex-króla Jerozolimy Jana z Brienne. W 1231 roku została cesarzową łacińską. Miała trzech synów, a jej córka Maria, jako żona Baldwina II, także została cesarzową łacińską, Niewiele wiadomo o wykształcenia i umiejętnościach językowych Berengarii podczas jej pobytu w Konstantynopolu. Zmarła tam w kwietniu 1237 roku, ale została pochowana w Composteli. Nie była aktywna politycznie i nie odegrała poważnej roli w historii Cesarstwa Łacińskiego.
On the ratio of the main agricultural sectors in the urban economy of the Principality of Moldavia (the end of the 16th century – beginning of the 18th century)
Authors: Zabolotnaia Lilia
Published: January 2024

The article considers the ratio of the leading agricultural sectors in the economic structure of Moldavian cities in the period from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 18th century. The study attempts to systematise the available historical material (various sources of that era) based on the mathematical method and mathematical modelling tools. The results of the study confirm the well-established facts that agricultural and trade and handicraft activities were basic in the urban economic infrastructure and were closely interconnected. The dominance of the agrarian factor in urban life and the semi-agrarian nature of the towns of the Principality of Moldavia contributed to significant functional changes in the evolution of the economic infrastructure of towns and cities, the formation of the urban market, trade and market relations, craft formations, and so on for the following centuries.
E. coli Levels Associated with Source Waters and Household Handling Practices of Potable Water in Peri-urban Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Authors:   Thammasat University, Irvine Kim , Murphy T.P. ,   International University, Teang Lihoun ,   Thammasat University, Lok L.M. ,   Nanyang Technological University, Kok S. ,   Royal University of Phnom Penh, Chea Eliyan ,   Royal University of Phnom Penh, Sovann S. ,   Royal University of Phnom Penh
Published: January 2024

Cambodia has made progress towards addressing Sustainable Development Goal 6.1. “By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all”, but challenges remain in fully realizing this target. We begin this paper by reviewing current country-wide access to safe and affordable water and subsequently report on the results of water sampling done for E. coli in a peri-urban area north of Phnom Penh that was conducted between 2018 and 2020. The sampling examined E. coli levels in source waters, including rivers, ponds, a large lake/wetland, wells, rainwater harvesting systems, piped water, and bottled water. Sampling from household storage containers and in-home drinking cups also was done to assess the effects that handling practices might have on exposure to E. coli. We show that country-wide, as well as in the peri-urban study area, there has been increased access to piped water. Piped water and commercially-available bottled water (0.5–1.5 L PET bottles) had the lowest E. coli levels in our study area, although such bottled water is not an affordable alternative for many peri-urban families. Surface pond water and the Tonle Sap River contained the highest E. coli levels and would pose the greatest risk associated with direct consumption. Handling practices may impact drinking water quality, as a significant difference (p=0.2) was found in E. coli levels between samples taken from commercially-available 0.5–1.5 L PET bottles and from household cups into which the bottled water was poured. There also was a significant difference (p<0.05) in E. coli levels between piped water sampled directly from the tap and piped water stored in bulk household containers. The geometric mean concentration of E. coli in large, covered, traditional outdoor storage jars used for rainwater harvesting was nearly 10 times lower than the same type of jars that were not covered, although due to the small sample size and variability in the data, the difference was not significant (p=0.5). Despite the increasing availability of piped water service in the study area, we found a diversity of water source practices, including use of rainwater harvesting, surface water, 20 L bottled water, and wells. These source waters can be safe, but must be routinely monitored. The study illustrates the advantages of field-based testing for effective screening of E. coli in peri-urban areas.
Adaptive tracking control of a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot with multiple disturbances and input constraints
Authors: Zhang Zhonghao , Liu Xiaorui , Jiang Wanyue
Published: January 2024

In this paper, an adaptive trajectory-tracking control scheme is proposed for a nonholonomic wheeled mobile robot (NMR) subjected to skidding, slipping, unknown external disturbance, model uncertainties, and input saturation constraints. The changeable unknown external disturbances of the system which are hard to get, and input saturation constraints should be taken into account for safety in reality. An auxiliary system is presented for analyzing the influence of input saturation constraints, and the state of the auxiliary system is integrated into the adaptive controller. In addition, to handle the uncertainty of parameters, the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is proposed to deal with the unknown external disturbances of the robot dynamics. Considering slippery conditions, the skidding of the wheels and the slipping of the robots may lead to system instability. The influences of skidding, slipping, and model uncertainties are considered to be a special type of disturbance. Subsequently, a nonlinear disturbance observer is presented and integrated into the adaptive controller. Afterward based on the proposed control techniques, the stability of the robot system is proved through Lyapunov synthesis. Lastly, simulation experiments are carried on to testify to the effectiveness of the adaptive control scheme.
A generalized model of the Colonel Blotto stochastic game
Authors: Kharlamov Viktor V.
Published: January 2024

A generalized stochastic modification of the Colonel Blotto game, also known as the game of gladiators, is considered. In the original model, each of two players has a set of gladiators with given strengths. The battle of gladiator teams takes place through individual gladiator battles. In each fight, the probability of gladiator winning is proportional to its strength. Kaminsky et al. in 1984 had obtained a formula for the probability of winning in terms of weighted sums of exponential random variables. Here we provide an interpretation of this result from the Markov chains with continuous time point of view, and a more general statement of the problem is considered, for which a similar expression is obtained.
Logical extensions of the parametric closure operator
Authors: Marchenkov Sergey S.
Published: January 2024

In the present survey, we consider all logical extensions of the parametric closure operator. Such extensions are obtained by augmenting the parametric closure language with arbitrary logical connectives or the universal quantifier. This gives, in addition to the parametric closure operator, the operators of positive and implicative closure, and also the closure operator with complete system of logical connectives, and the conjunctive-quantifier closure operator. We present basic facts on classifications of the sets Pk
generated by these operators.
Supercongruences arising from a 7
F
6 hypergeometric transformation formula
Authors: Wang Chen
Published: January 2024

Using a

F
6

7

{{}_{7}F_{6}}

hypergeometric transformation formula, we prove two supercongruences. In particular, one of these supercongruences confirms a recent conjecture of Guo, Liu and Schlosser, and gives an extension of a supercongruence of Long and Ramakrishna.
Extraction of the electron excess temperature in terahertz quantum cascade lasers from laser characteristics
Authors: Lander Gower Nathalie , Levy Shiran , Piperno Silvia , Addamane Sadhvikas J. , Reno John L. , Albo Asaf
Published: January 2024

We propose a method to extract the upper laser level’s (ULL’s) excess electronic temperature from the analysis of the maximum light output power (P
max) and current dynamic range ΔJ
d = (J
max − J
th) of terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs). We validated this method, both through simulation and experiment, by applying it on THz QCLs supporting a clean three-level system. Detailed knowledge of electronic excess temperatures is of utmost importance in order to achieve high temperature performance of THz QCLs. Our method is simple and can be easily implemented, meaning an extraction of the excess electron temperature can be achieved without intensive experimental effort. This knowledge should pave the way toward improvement of the temperature performance of THz QCLs beyond the state-of-the-art.
High-resolution non-line-of-sight imaging based on liquid crystal planar optical elements
Authors: Zhao Zhibin , Zhang Qi , Li Xiaoyin , Guo Yinghui , Pu Mingbo , Zhang Fei , Guo Hengshuo , Wang Zewei , Fan Yulong , Xu Mingfeng , Luo Xiangang
Published: January 2024

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging aims at recovering hidden objects located beyond the traditional line of sight, with potential applications in areas such as security monitoring, search and rescue, and autonomous driving. Conventionally, NLOS imaging requires raster scanning of laser pulses and collecting the reflected photons from a relay wall. High-time-resolution detectors obtain the flight time of photons undergoing multiple scattering for image reconstruction. Expanding the scanning area while maintaining the sampling rate is an effective method to enhance the resolution of NLOS imaging, where an angle magnification system is commonly adopted. Compared to traditional optical components, planar optical elements such as liquid crystal, offer the advantages of high efficiency, lightweight, low cost, and ease of processing. By introducing liquid crystal with angle magnification capabilities into the NLOS imaging system, we successfully designed a large field-of-view high-resolution system for a wide scanning area and high-quality image reconstruction. Furthermore, in order to reduce the long data acquisition time, a sparse scanning method capitalizing on the correlation between measurement data to reduce the number of sampling points is thus proposed. Both the simulation and experiment results demonstrate a >20 % reduction in data acquisition time while maintaining the exact resolution.
Probing the anharmonicity of vibrational polaritons with double-quantum two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Sufrin Shmuel , Cohn Bar , Chuntonov Lev
Published: January 2024

Strong coupling between the molecular vibrations and electromagnetic fields of light confined to an infrared cavity leads to the formation of vibro-polaritons – quasi-particles thought to provide the means to control the rates of chemical reactions inside a dark cavity. Despite the mechanisms indicating how vibrational coupling to the vacuum fields can affect the reaction rates are still not well understood, it has been recently demonstrated that the formation of the polariton states alters the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of the strongly coupled system. The relaxation dynamics in molecules, which is known to be important for the chemical reactivity, is directed by anharmonic couplings involving multiple intra- and inter-molecular vibrational degrees of freedom. However, the impact of the molecular anharmonicity on the polariton states remains elusive. Some theoretical models, employed to interpret the experimental observations, assume that vibrational polaritons are harmonic. Others assume a certain anharmonicity of vibro-polaritons; however, to date, it has not been experimentally determined. Herein, we performed double-quantum two-dimensional third-order nonlinear infrared spectroscopy of the carbonyl stretching (C=O) vibrational modes in a thin film of polymethyl methacrylate polymer (PMMA) strongly coupled to the surface lattice resonances of the periodic arrays of half-wavelength infrared disk antennas. We found that, indeed, the mechanical anharmonicity of polaritons is very small. Quantitatively, our results place an upper bound on a polariton mechanical anharmonicity of 2 cm−1, compared with that of the C=O mode in a PMMA film of 15 cm−1. Thus, our results support previous assumptions regarding the harmonic character of vibro-polaritons.
Spatiotemporal imaging and manipulation of surface plasmons
Authors: Crampton Kevin T. , Joly Alan G. , Gong Yu , El-Khoury Patrick
Published: January 2024

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are travelling surface waves that have shown promise for applications in nanophotonics as they provide a direct route toward photon-mediated electrical signal generation – a central paradigm for speeding up and scaling down photonic elements. SPP waves have also generated fundamental interest due to their high-field strength and sub-wavelength confinement, properties that have enabled the surface-enhanced Raman effect. Over the last decade, photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) has emerged as a pioneering technique for imaging surface electric fields through ultrashort laser pulse mediated electron emission and has therefore become an indispensable tool for characterizing plasmonic phenomena at interfaces in a variety of materials. PEEM offers nanometer spatial resolution and femtosecond temporal resolution, allowing SPPs to be prepared, monitored, and manipulated on the nanometer-femtosecond scale. Through a brief review of recent reports, we aim to introduce PEEM-based SPP imaging and manipulation modalities and highlight their utility in the context of emerging nanoscale and quantum materials science advancements.
Virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical management of HTLV-1 infection. Proceedings of the 30th HTLV European research network (HERN 2023)
Authors: de Mendoza Carmen , Taylor Graham , Gessain Antoine , Thoma-Kress Andrea K. , Bangham Charles , Vesterbacka Jan , Accolla Roberto , Bazarbachi Ali , van Weyenbergh Johan , Cook Lucy , Casseb Jorge , Ramos Juan Carlos , Rosadas Carolina , Macchi Beatrice , Cassar Olivier , Soriano Vicente
Published: January 2024

The 30th workshop of the HTLV European Research Network (HERN) was held in Madrid on September 15–16, 2023. Over fifty researchers from Europe and America convened for a two-day conference to update and discuss basic science, epidemiology, clinical management and therapeutics for patients with HTLV-1 infection. Scientific topics addressed included new estimates for HTLV-1 in Europe; impact of antenatal screening on mother-to-child HTLV-1 infections; new insights into the molecular epidemiology of HTLV-1; reports of elite controllers for HTLV-1 infection; role of antiretrovirals as HTLV-1 pre-exposure prophylaxis; and prospects for a HTLV-1 vaccine. The group agreed to submit a formal request to WHO for increasing the global surveillance and awareness of HTLV-1. This viral infection is a potentially life-threatening, neglected condition with neither treatment nor vaccine. At this time, expanding HTLV-1 screening is the most effective way to reduce viral dissemination.
“We Understand Him Even Better Than He Understood Himself”: Kant and Plato on Sensibility, God, and the Good
Authors: Marren Marina
Published: January 2024

Kant criticizes Plato for his interest in positing ideas that are entirely purified from any sensible elements, but which, nonetheless, exist in some supra-sensible reality. I argue that Kant’s criticism can be repositioned and even countered if, in our assessment of Plato, we assign a wider scope of significance and greater value to the senses. In order to lend focus to my article, I analyze Socrates’ presentation of what I translate as the “look of the Good” (τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ἰδέαν, 508e) in theRepublicso as to show the proximity between Plato and Kant on the question of sensibility. I also draw on thePhaedoand extant literature that goes against the traditional view regarding the status of Ideas or Forms, including the Idea of the Good. I further discuss an affinity between the Good that is “beyond being” (ἐπέκεινα τῆς οὐσίας, 509c) in theRepublicand Kant’s view of God as an Ideal of Reason. Given my articulation of the importance of the sensible dimension in Plato, there is a continuity between Kant and Plato on the question of the illegitimacy of certain ideas. In other words, in my reading (and contrary to Kant’s view of Plato), Kant does not so much overturn Plato’s metaphysics, but develops further the view that is already inscribed in Plato.
Szerkesztői előszó
Authors: Koltai Zsuzsa
Published: January 2024

.
Educação para todos?
Authors: Auxiliadora Oliveira da Silva Maria
Published: January 2024

A história educacional da população negra no Brasil caracterizou-se pela exclusão, discriminação e preconceito. Mesmo após a abolição da escravidão, não foi criada nenhuma lei de amparo educacional para que os filhos dos recém-libertos pudessem frequentar as escolas. Ao longo da história, seguiu uma trajetória de lutas em busca de sua emancipação, mas sempre em condições de desvantagens em relação à população branca. A Lei nº 10.639/2003, que institui a obrigatoriedade do ensino da História da África e da Cultura Afro-Brasileira na Educação Básica, representou uma conquista histórica da população negra e um avanço no sentido de propor uma educação crítica e antirracista. As crianças negras ainda são as maiores vítimas do preconceito e discriminação racial, daí a importância das escolas trabalharem na perspectiva da Lei 10.639/2003 na Educação Infantil.
Negative Regulation of Cathepsins by β-Amyloid
Authors: Lundin Brianna , Comby Anne-Claire , Berezovska Oksana , Maesako Masato
Published: January 2024

Genome wide association study (GWAS) uncovered Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk genes linked to the endo-lysosomal pathway. This pathway seems to be the gateway of protein aggregates, such as tau and α-synuclein, to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we and others reported that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) C99 is predominantly processed by γ-secretase in the endo-lysosomal compartments, and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides are enriched in the same subcellular loci. While the role(s) of APP/Aβ in the endo-lysosomal pathway has not been fully established, a recent study reported that Aβ, in particular Aβ42, inhibits cathepsin D (CTSD) activity. Here, we show using a cell-free in vitro assay that Aβ42 also blocks cathepsin B (CTSB) activity. Furthermore, we uncovered that the autocatalytic processing (i.e., conversion of single chain to heavy/light chains) of CTSB and CTSD is accelerated in APP-deficient cells compared with wild-type controls. Taken together, our findings further support the negative regulation of cathepsins by Aβ.
Mild Deficits in Fear Learning: Evidence from Humans and Mice with Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration
Authors: Batsikadze Giorgi , Pakusch Johanna , Klein Michael , Ernst Thomas Michael , Thieme Andreas , Nicksirat Seyed Ali , Steiner Katharina Marie , Nio Enzo , Genc Erhan , Maderwald Stefan , Deuschl Cornelius , Merz Christian Josef , Quick Harald H. , Mark Melanie D. , Timmann Dagmar
Published: January 2024

Functional brain imaging studies in humans suggest involvement of the cerebellum in fear conditioning but do not allow conclusions about the functional significance. The main aim of the present study was to examine whether patients with cerebellar degeneration show impaired fear conditioning and whether this is accompanied by alterations in cerebellar cortical activations. To this end, a 2 d differential fear conditioning study was conducted in 20 cerebellar patients and 21 control subjects using a 7 tesla (7 T) MRI system. Fear acquisition and extinction training were performed on day 1, followed by recall on day 2. Cerebellar patients learned to differentiate between the CS+ and CS−. Acquisition and consolidation of learned fear, however, was slowed. Additionally, extinction learning appeared to be delayed. The fMRI signal was reduced in relation to the prediction of the aversive stimulus and altered in relation to its unexpected omission. Similarly, mice with cerebellar cortical degeneration (spinocerebellar ataxia type 6, SCA6) were able to learn the fear association, but retrieval of fear memory was reduced. In sum, cerebellar cortical degeneration led to mild abnormalities in the acquisition of learned fear responses in both humans and mice, particularly manifesting postacquisition training. Future research is warranted to investigate the basis of altered fMRI signals related to fear learning.
Whole Brain Mapping of Orexin Receptor mRNA Expression Visualized by Branched In Situ Hybridization Chain Reaction
Authors: Tsuneoka Yousuke , Funato Hiromasa
Published: January 2024

Orexins, which are produced within neurons of the lateral hypothalamic area, play a pivotal role in the regulation of various behaviors, including sleep/wakefulness, reward behavior, and energy metabolism, via orexin receptor type 1 (OX1R) and type 2 (OX2R). Despite the advanced understanding of orexinergic regulation of behavior at the circuit level, the precise distribution of orexin receptors in the brain remains unknown. Here, we develop a new branched in situ hybridization chain reaction (bHCR) technique to visualize multiple target mRNAs in a semiquantitative manner, combined with immunohistochemistry, which provided comprehensive distribution of orexin receptor mRNA and neuron subtypes expressing orexin receptors in mouse brains. Only a limited number of cells expressing bothOx1randOx2rwere observed in specific brain regions, such as the dorsal raphe nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus. In many brain regions,Ox1r-expressing cells andOx2r-expressing cells belong to different cell types, such as glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons. Moreover, our findings demonstrated considerable heterogeneity inOx1r- orOx2r-expressing populations of serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, cholinergic, and histaminergic neurons. The majority of orexin neurons did not express orexin receptors. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanism underlying the physiological and behavioral regulation mediated by the orexin system, as well as the development of therapeutic agents targeting orexin receptors.
In the Black Ships’ Wake
Authors: Ivings Steven , Eshack Rashaad
Published: January 2024

This paper focuses on the micro-actors—merchants, whalers, and would-be diplomatic representatives—who followed in the black ships’ wake in anticipation of opportunities at the newly opened treaty port of Hakodate. Examining the backgrounds, connections, and activities of these actors, we show that American commercial activity in Japan contrasted with the almighty image projected by Commodore Matthew Perry’s gunboat diplomacy. Viewed from the perspective of treaty port Hakodate, the American presence in Japan in the decade following its opening was characterized by fragility and commercial failure. This fragility has implications for our understanding of commercial and power dynamics in the mid-nineteenth-century Pacific.
Gift of the Mamelukes: Animal ambassades as vectors of exotic fauna introductions in the Spanish Middle Ages
Authors: Morales-Muñiz Dolores Carmen , Morales-Muñiz Arturo
Published: January 2024

The number of exotic animal species that were introduced in Iberia during the Middle Ages constitute a defectively documented area of research, mostly addressed through historiographic methods. In this paper we evidence that even in the case of large, exotic animals exchanged as gifts among dignitaries the documentary data can be painfully incomplete. This is the case of the animal embassy that the Mamluk sultan Baybars al Bunduqdari sent in 1261 to the Castilian king Alfonso X. Although the written sources do not specify the complete list of species nor the reasons for mentioning some but not others, documentary and iconographic data suggest that, in addition to an elephant, a giraffe and a zebra, this lot included, in a decreasing order of probability, a lion, a dromedary, an ostrich, and a Nile crocodile. If such conspicuous beasts could pass unnoticed in a royal chronicle, one may contend that even in the most thoroughly documented cases, written sources may refer but a minimal fraction of the animals translocated into Iberia during the Medieval period. Such information vacuum stresses the difficulties of granting “indigenous” status to species traditionally assumed to constitute elements of the Iberian fauna when their historical contingencies are defectively known, a matter of concern for the current rewilding debate in Spain.
A Pack of Hounds and its Master? A Bi-Species Burial from the Necropolis of Deir El-Banat (Fayum)
Authors: Belova G. A. , Khasanov B. F , Krylovich O. A. , Ikram S. , Vasyukov D. D. , Savinetsky A. B.
Published: January 2024

Dog burials are known from Egypt from the Predynastic period from c. 3500 BC onward and continue into the Roman era. Different burials have been interpreted in a variety of ways: companion/pet/working animals, associated with divinities, and as guardians. This paper presents a unique interment of a single human and a group of dogs found in the cemetery of Deir el-Banat in the Fayum (Egypt), which can be interpreted as either a religio-magical protective deposit for the cemetery, or a religio-medical one, involving the sacrifice of several animals.
Antioxidant activities of traditional medicinal plant species from the Kars (Turkey)
Authors: Yüksel Emrah , Ceylan Şule , Bekis Muammer
Published: January 2024

Fourteen different plant parts consisting of leaves, roots, flowers, and seeds were examined separately of Rumex patientia, Hyoscyamus niger, Melilotus officinalis, Lamium album, and Epilobium angustifolium plants. All of these are naturally growing and used for medicinal purposes in Kars province. Five different methods were used to determine the antioxidant capacity of these herbal products. The methods were as follows: determination of total polyphenol, total flavonoid, DPPH● (free radical), CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity), and FRAP (ferric ıon reducing antioxidant power). The data obtained regarding the antioxidant activity demonstrated that the flower part of the Epilobium angustifolium plant obtained from Kars had the highest antioxidant capacity. It was determined that the seeds of the Hyoscyamus niger plant had the lowest antioxidant capacity.
Biowaste management: Comparison of banana (Musa acuminata) and bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) fibers
Authors: Jeyaraj Dhesinghraja , Kalimuthu Mayandi , Nagarajan Rajini , Chithamparam Prakash , Ismail Sikiru O. , Mohammad Faruq , Al-Lohedan Hamad A. , Krishnan Kumar
Published: January 2024

Both developed and developing countries around the world are increasingly utilizing biodegradable products and bio-based materials. This is required to curb rampant environmental pollution caused by synthetic materials and their by-products. In this study, banana and bamboo fibers were prepared from agricultural and industrial wastes, respectively. Banana and bamboo fibers were obtained with aid of mechanical and waste extractions, respectively. Both fibers were subjected to a retting process for 24 hours, using normal warm water at a room temperature (27 ± 3 °C) to remove the impurities. Then, a comparative investigation and analysis was conducted concerning their properties and applications. The biomass level, physical, and chemical properties, structure, experimental analysis, and moisture regain behaviors of the plant materials were studied. Additionally, the antibacterial property of the samples was discussed. The biomass level was measured per hectare for banana (36.1 tons) and per plant for bamboo (65%), and the physical and chemical properties were identified via some basic testing techniques. The molecular, crystalline, and morphology structures were observed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the industrial applications were elucidated to establish the possibility of using both fibers as promising sustainable, renewable, recyclable, and eco-friendly materials.
The work of the olfactory cell
Authors: Myjkowski Jan
Published: January 2024

Work is the basic physical quantity that determines the amount of energy needed to perform a given task. In the case of smell, it is a complex process of receiving odor signals from the outside world, transforming them in the olfactory cell into the form of chemical bonding energy, which is converted into electrical energy of the action potential at the synapse between the I and II neurons of the olfactory pathway. Regardless of the many transformations of energy along the way, the signal reaching the brain must be recognizable in quality and intensity. The olfactory organ works around the clock, although olfactory sensations do not reach the brain at night. Very strong odors like ammonia can wake you from sleep. The entire system uses external energy to perform work. Similar to the nerve cell and the auditory cell, the olfactory cell is an excitable cell, meaning that the action of an external stimulus leads to a response in the form of depolarization of the cell. A bidirectional action of the cell is created. In addition to the normal work related to the life of the cell - like with any other cell, for that matter, there is work related to the transformation of the olfactory signal in the cell and the transmission of this signal to the synapse. These two levels of olfactory cell activity are closely related, dependent on each other, using the same substrates and frequently the same transmission pathways. The level related to cell life is the constitutive level, while the second level, related to signal transmission, is the regulated level. This latter level begins with taking over the energy of odor substance - an odorant, which, regardless of its size, has kinetic energy, potential energy and electron energy. By binding with the GPCR receptor and acceptor, the odorant causes the transfer of some of its own energy, that associated with the odor. The electron cloud of the odorant, after combining with the electron cloud of the receptor, loses a certain amount of electrons or protons. After transmitting information to the acceptor, such a molecule is detached from the receptor and enzymatically destroyed. OBP is just an intermediary for these reactions. Further transformations of the energy of the olfactory signal take place in the cell and synapse.
Institutional Aspects of the Development of Social Capital of Territorial Communities in Ukraine
Authors: KRAIEVSKA HALYNA
Published: January 2024

The article aims to analyze the state of the levels and substantiate the directions of institutionalization of the development of social capital of territorial communities. The article analyzes four levels of institutionalization of social capital of territorial communities in Ukraine: group, stakeholder, intercommunity cooperation and international intercommunity cooperation. It is found that the group level of institutionalization is the least developed. At this level, the need to identify leaders and form networks of interaction based on common interests, which would significantly strengthen the potential for community self-sufficiency, remains unaddressed. The level of community stakeholders is poorly engaged, characterized by low activity of public-private partnerships. Significantly better results are observed at the level of intercommunity interaction, the functioning of which is ensured on the regulatory and financial plane through the established system of state funding for community infrastructure development projects, which were largely implemented on the basis of intercommunity cooperation. It has been established that international intercommunity cooperation is also developed. It intensified with the outbreak of full-scale war and was in many cases in-formal and humanitarian in nature. This experience may be useful in the future for the recovery of communities in the postwar period. The paper uses general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis to collect, process and systematize the results of scientific research; abstract-logical and critical analysis — to analyze the levels of institutionalization of social capital of territorial communities; statistical — to collect and systematize data; graphical-to visualize the results of the assessment of international and domestic, intra-Ukrainian, intercommunity cooperation; induction and deduction — to substantiate the main directions of institutionalization of the development of social capital of territorial communities. The main directions of institutionalization of the social capital of territorial communities as a prerequisite for the unification and mobilization of their internal development resources, which is a prerequisite for overcoming the risks caused by the war and the local government reform, are substantiated. The scientific and methodological foundations of the study of social capital at the local level in modern conditions have been improved.
Цифрова трансформація енергетики як запорука забезпечення її стійкості
Authors: Мохор Володимир Володимирович
Published: January 2024

У доповіді розглянуто окремі результати проведених в Інституті проблем моделювання в енергетиці ім. Г.Є. Пухова НАН України досліджень, спрямованих на вирішення актуальних і стратегічно важливих науково-технічних завдань з підвищення стійкості функціонування енергетики України загалом та її електроенергетичного сектору зокрема. Інститут має позитивний досвід у здійсненні науково-технічного супроводу програм з відновлення та розвитку енергетичної інфраструктури України на засадах цифровізації основних процесів генерації, транспортування, розподілу та постачання електроенергії.
sala de aula remota de língua espanhola
Authors: Álvares Margarida Rosa
Published: January 2024

Este artigo apresenta os achados analíticos de uma investigação realizada na sala de aula de língua espanhola. À luz da Análise da Conversa Multimodal (ACM), descrevemos e analisamos eventos interacionais gerados em uma sala de aula de língua adicional, em contexto remoto, de uma universidade pública do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. A disciplina, para alunos concluintes do curso de graduação em Letras, versava sobre o aprimoramento da competência comunicativa, das habilidades produtivas e interativas em espanhol, com foco na expressão escrita. Ainda que a disciplina priorizasse a escrita, são as interações orais que nos interessam nesta pesquisa. Para nossas análises, utilizamos as gravações das aulas que ocorreram durante o final do ano de 2021 e início do ano de 2022 que foram transcritas e analisadas a partir do enfoque teórico-metodológico da Análise da Conversa Multimodal. Nosso objetivo, neste estudo, é investigar como ocorre o engajamento e o alinhamento dos/as estudantes no contexto interacional institucional. Os resultados mostram que, nas interações ocorridas, a maneira como as propostas de expressão oral são iniciadas pela professora tem implicação na organização da participação dos/as estudantes. Por meio de solicitações ou de propostas de expressão da oralidade, gera-se maior engajamento durante as aulas, enquanto ações que esperam participação voluntária dos discentes ou solicitações mais genéricas de engajamento não são muito eficazes. Observamos, ainda, que estar ou não com as câmeras abertas influencia no alinhamento por parte dos/as estudantes.  Compreendemos que um olhar analítico detalhado para a sala de aula contribui para o contexto de formação de professores e para a reflexão sobre o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de língua adicional. Entendemos, também, que este estudo pode contribuir para reforçar a compreensão da ACM para além das fronteiras teórico-metodológicas.