bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shining and automation: the phenotechnology of ornament
Authors: Spuybroek Lars
Published: March 2024

This article follows the fascinating mythology of grace and gift exchange to construct an argument about appearances as transcending the boundaries of things through a form of radiance or shining. The latter is based on the primary figure of the Graces, Aglaea, whose name literally signifies shining. The question arises how the obligatory rules of gift exchange - giving, receiving, and returning - apply to appearances, which leads to a cyclical ’alternating current’ of shining and working. It now becomes clear why the ancient Greeks married the ethereal figure of Aglaea to the sweaty, club footed smithgod Hephaestus: shining things are necessarily linked to the making of shining things. In the magic realm of Hephaestus shining and automation are fully merged: automata are without exception made of gold or silver, while the abundantly embellished objects he creates always evoke movement. At this point in the essay the term ’phenotechnology’ is coined: the work of making things lies in their overworking, which is sharply contrasted to the classic notion of ornament as parergon, as by-work, or in the words of Aby Warburg, as bewegtes Beiwerk. Instead of viewing movement as added on (Alberti) to structure we find that the figural movement of pliant motifs in fact creates structure, a structure that according to Gottfried Semper undergoes ’the mystery of transfiguration’, which reverses the relationship between surface and space: space is the very depth of radiating surfaces.
Rhythm in the Kingdom: a variationist analysis of speech rhythm in Tongan English
Authors: TOD DANIELLE
Published: March 2024

This article presents an analysis of speech rhythm in Tongan English, an emergent variety spoken in the Kingdom of Tonga. The normalised Pairwise Variability Index (nPVI-V) is used to classify the variety and determine the social and stylistic constraints on variation in a corpus of conversational and reading passage data with 48 speakers. Findings reveal a greater tendency towards stress-timing in speakers of the emergent local elite, characterised by white-collar professions and high levels of education, and those with a high index of English use. Variation is discussed as a consequence of proficiency, language contact and L1 transfer. An acoustic analysis of vowels in unstressed syllables of eight speakers confirms that lack of vowel centralisation (higher F1) is an underlying linguistic mechanism leading to more syllable-timed speech. Stark interspeaker variation was identified, highlighting the need to proceed with caution when classifying L2 Englishes based on speech rhythm.
APPROXIMATE PRICING OF DERIVATIVES UNDER FRACTIONAL STOCHASTIC VOLATILITY MODEL
Authors: HAN Y. , ZHENG X.
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the issue of derivative pricing within the framework of a fractional stochastic volatility model. We present a deterministic partial differential equation system to derive an approximate expression for the derivative price. The proposed approach allows for the stochastic volatility to be expressed as a composition of deterministic functions of time and a fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. We apply this method to the European option pricing under the fractional Stein–Stein volatility model, demonstrating its feasibility and reliability through numerical simulations. Our numerical simulations also illustrate the impact of the parameters in the fractional stochastic volatility model on the option price.
Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of type 1 macular neovascularizations between pachychoroid neovasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Yanık Özge , Demirel Sibel , Özcan Gökçen , Batıoğlu Figen , Özmert Emin
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To compare qualitative and quantitative features of type 1 macular neovascularizations (MNV) in pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Methods

Forty-three treatment-naive eyes of 41 PNV patients and 40 treatment-naive eyes of 38 patients with nAMD were included. The patients were classified as PNV or nAMD according to the presence of pachychoroid features and soft/reticular drusen. Presence of central trunk and maturity of the MNV were evaluated on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images. MNV area, vessel density (VD), total vessel length (VL), number of intersection points (IPs), fractal dimension (FD), and lacunarity (LAC) were calculated using ImageJ software and FracLac plugin.

Results

The mean age was 56.8 ± 8.7 years in PNV and 70.4 ± 8.8 years in neovascular AMD groups (p < 0.001). Compared to nAMD, the presence of central trunk was less frequent in PNV (48.8% vs 77.5%, p = 0.007). Immature MNV pattern was observed more frequently in PNV eyes than nAMD (41.9% vs 20.0%, p = 0.009). PNV cases had significantly lower median MNV area [0.913(1.115) vs 2.542(3.273) mm²], total VL [14.84 (20.46) vs 36.34 (44.68) mm], number of IPs [104(140) vs 335(417.3)], and FD [1.56(0.10) vs 1.59(0.11)] comparing to nAMD cases (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.043 respectively). However, the mean VD (42.4 ± 6.8 vs 42.9 ± 9.0%) and the median LAC values [0.42 (0.09) vs 0.42 (0.09)] did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.776, p = 0.526, respectively).

Conclusion

Morphological and quantitative differences exist in type 1 neovascular lesions. Type 1 MNVs in the PNV group are characterized by a smaller and less complex structure.
Identification of clinical disease trajectories in neurodegenerative disorders with natural language processing
Authors: Mekkes Nienke J. , Groot Minke , Hoekstra Eric , de Boer Alyse , Dagkesamanskaia Ekaterina , Bouwman Sander , Wehrens Sophie M. T. , Herbert Megan K. , Wever Dennis D. , Rozemuller Annemieke , Eggen Bart J. L. , Huitinga Inge , Holtman Inge R.
Published: March 2024

Neurodegenerative disorders exhibit considerable clinical heterogeneity and are frequently misdiagnosed. This heterogeneity is often neglected and difficult to study. Therefore, innovative data-driven approaches utilizing substantial autopsy cohorts are needed to address this complexity and improve diagnosis, prognosis and fundamental research. We present clinical disease trajectories from 3,042 Netherlands Brain Bank donors, encompassing 84 neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms identified through natural language processing. This unique resource provides valuable new insights into neurodegenerative disorder symptomatology. To illustrate, we identified signs and symptoms that differed between frequently misdiagnosed disorders. In addition, we performed predictive modeling and identified clinical subtypes of various brain disorders, indicative of neural substructures being differently affected. Finally, integrating clinical diagnosis information revealed a substantial proportion of inaccurately diagnosed donors that masquerade as another disorder. The unique datasets allow researchers to study the clinical manifestation of signs and symptoms across neurodegenerative disorders, and identify associated molecular and cellular features.
Liprin-α proteins are master regulators of human presynapse assembly
Authors: Marcó de la Cruz Berta , Campos Joaquín , Molinaro Angela , Xie Xingqiao , Jin Gaowei , Wei Zhiyi , Acuna Claudio , Sterky Fredrik H.
Published: March 2024

The formation of mammalian synapses entails the precise alignment of presynaptic release sites with postsynaptic receptors but how nascent cell–cell contacts translate into assembly of presynaptic specializations remains unclear. Guided by pioneering work in invertebrates, we hypothesized that in mammalian synapses, liprin-α proteins directly link trans-synaptic initial contacts to downstream steps. Here we show that, in human neurons lacking all four liprin-α isoforms, nascent synaptic contacts are formed but recruitment of active zone components and accumulation of synaptic vesicles is blocked, resulting in ‘empty’ boutons and loss of synaptic transmission. Interactions with presynaptic cell adhesion molecules of either the LAR-RPTP family or neurexins via CASK are required to localize liprin-α to nascent synaptic sites. Liprin-α subsequently recruits presynaptic components via a direct interaction with ELKS proteins. Thus, assembly of human presynaptic terminals is governed by a hierarchical sequence of events in which the recruitment of liprin-α proteins by presynaptic cell adhesion molecules is a critical initial step.
Risk factors for acute chest syndrome among children with sickle cell anemia hospitalized for vaso-occlusive crises
Authors: Alghamdi Faisal A. , Al-Kasim Fawaz , Alshhada Forat , Ghareeb Eatedal , Azmet Fauzia R. , Almudaibigh Adel , Baitalmal Lobna , Alnawfal Bedah , Alluqmani Rehab
Published: March 2024

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a globally prevalent inherited condition, with acute chest syndrome (ACS) being one of its most severe complications. ACS frequently leads to hospitalization, requires intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and can even result in death. This study aimed to discern the early indicators of impending ACS in children with SCA who were initially hospitalized due to painful vaso-occlusive crises (VOC). This was a retrospective, case‒control investigation of 120 patients aged 1–14 years seen at the King Saud Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January 2021 to December 2022. Patients were classified into cases and controls: those who developed and did not develop ACS during hospital stay, respectively. Demographic factors, laboratory results, vital and clinical signs, and treatment protocols were compared between these groups. The following were significant predictors of impending ACS: previous diagnosis of asthma, history of ACS, recent upper respiratory tract symptoms prior to admission, and need for a blood transfusion within the first 24 h of admission due to a drop in hemoglobin levels. Further regression analysis indicated that elevated steady-state mean corpuscular volume, leukocyte count, total bilirubin, and an increased absolute neutrophil count level 24 h after admission also foreshadowed impending ACS among patients admitted for VOC. The location of pain was also significant; the incidence of ACS was higher in patients with back pain, but lower in those with pain confined to the limbs. The ACS group had a longer average duration of hospital stay compared to those with VOC alone, (7.6 vs. 5.8 days). Among patients initially admitted for VOC, 15.7% were diagnosed with ACS. Most ACS cases were managed with transfusions and antibiotics, and nearly one-third of patients needed admission to an ICU or a high-dependency area.
Cathodoluminescence differentiates sedimentary organic matter types
Authors: Hackley Paul C. , McAleer Ryan J. , Jubb Aaron M. , Valentine Brett J. , Birdwell Justin E.
Published: March 2024

High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) visualization of sedimentary organic matter is widely utilized in the geosciences for evaluating microscale rock properties relevant to depositional environment, diagenesis, and the processes of fluid generation, transport, and storage. However, despite thousands of studies which have incorporated SEM methods, the inability of SEM to differentiate sedimentary organic matter types has hampered the pace of scientific advancement. In this study, we show that SEM-cathodoluminescence (CL) properties can be used to identify and characterize sedimentary organic matter at low thermal maturity conditions. Eleven varied mudstone samples with a broad array of sedimentary organic matter types, ranging from the Paleoproterozoic to Eocene in age, were investigated. Sedimentary organic matter fluorescence intensity and CL intensity showed an almost one-to-one correspondence, with certain exceptions in three samples potentially related to radiolytic alteration. Therefore, because CL emission can be used as a proxy for fluorescence emission from sedimentary organic matter, CL emission during SEM visualization can be used to differentiate fluorescent from non-fluorescent sedimentary organic matter. This result will allow CL to be used as a visual means to quickly differentiate sedimentary organic matter types without employing correlative optical microscopy and could be widely and rapidly adapted for SEM-based studies in the geosciences.
Hierarchical organization of human physical activity
Authors: Búzás András , Makai András , Groma Géza I. , Dancsházy Zsolt , Szendi István , Kish Laszlo B. , Santa-Maria Ana Raquel , Dér András
Published: March 2024

Human physical activity (HPA), a fundamental physiological signal characteristic of bodily motion is of rapidly growing interest in multidisciplinary research. Here we report the existence of hitherto unidentified hierarchical levels in the temporal organization of HPA on the ultradian scale: on the minute's scale, passive periods are followed by activity bursts of similar intensity (‘quanta’) that are organized into superstructures on the hours- and on the daily scale. The time course of HPA can be considered a stochastic, quasi-binary process, where quanta, assigned to task-oriented actions are organized into work packages on higher levels of hierarchy. In order to grasp the essence of this complex dynamic behaviour, we established a stochastic mathematical model which could reproduce the main statistical features of real activity time series. The results are expected to provide important data for developing novel behavioural models and advancing the diagnostics of neurological or psychiatric diseases.
Laser assisted pulmonary metastasectomy promises a low local recurrence rate
Authors: Shalabi Ahmad , Ehab Ahmed , Shalabi Sundus F. , Kugler Gudrun , Schäfers H.-J. , Graeter Thomas
Published: March 2024

Pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) is consensually performed in a parenchyma-sparing manner to preserve functionally healthy lung tissue. However, this may increase the risk of local recurrence at the surgical margin. Laser assisted pulmonary metastasectomy (LPM) is a relatively recent innovation that is especially useful to resect multiple metastatic pulmonary nodules. In this study we investigated the rate of local recurrence after LPM and evaluated the influence of various clinical and pathological factors on local recurrence. Retrospectively, a total of 280 metastatic nodules with different histopathological entities were studied LPM from 2010 till 2018. All nodules were resected via diode-pumped neodymium: yttrium–aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) 1,318 nm laser maintaining a safety margin of 5 mm. Patients included were observed on average for 44 ± 17 months postoperatively. Local recurrence at the surgical margin following LPM was found in 9 nodules out of 280 nodules (3.21%). Local recurrence at the surgical margin occurred after 20 ± 8.5 months post operation. Incomplete resection (p =  < 0.01) and size of the nodule (p = < 0.01) were associated with significantly increased risk of local recurrence at the surgical margin. Histology of the primary disease showed no impact on local recurrence. Three and five-year survival rates were 84% and 49% respectively. Following LPM, the rate of local recurrence is low. This is influenced by the size of the metastatic nodules and completeness of the resection. Obtaining a safety margin of 5 mm seems to be sufficient, larger nodules require larger safety margins.
The direct Z-scheme character and roles of S vacancy in BiOCl/Bi2S3-(001) heterostructures for superior photocatalytic activity: a hybrid density functional investigation
Authors: Wang Wentao , Liu Zuoyin , Nie Hongwei , Kong Bo
Published: March 2024

The BiOCl/Bi2S3-(001) heterostructure is a direct Z-scheme photocatalyst. An S vacancy in BiOCl/Bi2S3-(001) can enhance its optical absorption, built-in electric field, hydrogen evolution reaction ability, and the difference in electron–hole mobility.
Preparation of chemically recyclable bio-based semi-aromatic polyamides using continuous flow technology under mild conditions
Authors: Feng Yirong , Li Xiaowei , Ma Tingting , Li Yuguang , Ji Dong , Qin Hong , Fang Zheng , He Wei , Guo Kai
Published: March 2024

The use of renewable resources and micro-flow technology in the production of chemically recyclable bio-based polymers provides a novel approach for the development of sustainable, carbon-dioxide-neutral industries.
Synthesis, structural characterization, docking studies and bioactivities of carbon monoxide release molecules based on triphenylphosphonium-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives
Authors: Liu Hua-Peng , Ren Ming-Zhe , Chen Yu-Jie , Zhao Sheng-Yan , Liao Yuan , Wang Xi-Cun
Published: March 2024

Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CORMs) containing cobalt complexes based on triphenylphosphonium-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA-TPP) were synthesized. This includes cytotoxicity, mitochondrial apoptosis, molecular docking, as well as western blotting.
Insights into the 5,5′-bis(1H-tetrazolyl)amine monohydrate (BTA·H2O) pyrolysis mechanism: integrated experimental and kinetic model analysis
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Chen Ling , Han Peichen , Li Chunzhi , Yuan Ye , Wu Bo , Chen Feiyun , He Weidong
Published: March 2024

The gas products for the thermal decomposition process of BTA·H2O were analyzed using TG-DSC-FTIR. The removal of crystal water in the BTA·H2O molecule and the thermal decomposition mechanism of BTA also was investigated using a series of analyses.
Benzene-fused porphyrin(2.1.2.1) array: synthesis, structure, and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Dong Yuting , Qian Long , Chen Feng , Wang Yue , Zhang Tao , Qiu Fengxian , Teranishi Toshiharu , Xue Songlin
Published: March 2024

Benzene-fused porphyrin(2.1.2.1) copper shows a S-shaped molecular conformation and multielectron donating and accepting properties. It displays a remarkably ability for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution than the porphyrin(2.1.2.1) copper.
Selectivity in Rh-catalysis with gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes
Authors: Zeng Yaxin , Jiang Zhong-Tao , Xia Ying
Published: March 2024

This feature article summarizes our efforts towards developing Rh-catalyzed reactions of gem-difluorinated cyclopropanes, briefly discussing the design, selectivity, mechanisms and future research prospects.
Catalyst-free aerobic photooxidation of sensitive benzylic alcohols with chemoselectivity controlled using DMSO as the solvent
Authors: Weisheitelová Ivana , Varma Naisargi , Chudoba Josef , Burdziński Gotard , Sikorski Marek , Cibulka Radek
Published: March 2024

Irradiation of a solution of an unsaturated benzyl alcohol in DMSO under oxygen leads to ketone formation. Side-oxidations are minimized, thanks to the protective role of the DMSO solvent against singlet oxygen. No catalyst or additives are required.
A deep eutectic electrolyte of AlCl3–acetamide for rechargeable aluminum-ion batteries
Authors: Bao Xingyang , Wang Zhenshuai , Zhang Dai , Hong Ruoyu , Li Minglin , Smith Campion M. , Xu Jinjia
Published: March 2024

The difference in the charge transfer ability of the amide electrolyte under different conditions and the charge storage mechanism of the graphite material were analyzed for the first time.
Correction: Fabricating multi-scale controllable PEDOT:PSS arrays via templated freezing assembly
Authors: Lin Yang , Mao Junqiang , Fan Qingrui , Wang Jianjun
Published: March 2024

Correction for ‘Fabricating multi-scale controllable PEDOT:PSS arrays via templated freezing assembly’ by Yang Lin et al., Soft Matter, 2024, 20, 2394–2399, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SM01651J.
Momentum-dependent dielectric function of cubic BaTiO3
Authors: Le Hong Phuc , Quan Hien Nguyen , Nguyen-Truong Hieu T.
Published: March 2024

We study the momentum-dependent dielectric function of barium titanateperovskite in the cubic phase. We perform first-principle calculations within the time-dependent density functional theory, including local effects. The results show that these effects play an important role on the high energy side of the obtained function.
Solution-processed PEDOT: PSS/PVA polymer blend write-once-read-many memory devices
Authors: Nguyen Viet Cuong
Published: March 2024

In this work, all-solution-processed resistive switching memory devices in a polymer blend are realised. The memory, in this work, is Write-Once-Read-Many memory (WORM). The polymer blend is the blend of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) and Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA). The devices can sustain 50 bending cycles at a bending radius of 0.5mm, while still able to maintain and perform memory functions. The mechanism of the switching can be attributed to electrochemical properties of the polymers. The migrations of polymers (PEDOT: PSS/PVA blend) and electrolysis of the absorbed water distort the conducting pathways and switch the state of the device from a low resistance state (LRS) to a high resistance state (HRS). The work may pave the way for future low cost flexible electronic memory devices. Flexible memory devices
Photoredox-Catalyzed Oxidative C–H Alkylation of Glycine Derivatives with 4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines
Authors: Babu Madala Hari , Jang Eunbin , Sim Jaehoon , Jang Hyesu , Kim Sang Kyum
Published: March 2024

Oxidative α-C(sp3)–H alkylation of N-arylated glycine derivatives with 4-alkyldihydropyridine derivatives (alkyl-DHPs) as versatile alkyl radical precursors has been developed. Utilizing visible-light-driven photoredox catalysis and ammonium persulfate as an oxidizing agent, this methodology facilitates the site-selective alkylation of glycine derivatives, enabling the site-selective alkylation of peptides. The reaction exhibits broad substrate scope, including various alkyl radicals and acid-labile functional groups. This approach expands the synthetic toolbox in peptide chemistry, offering a mild and efficient method for the synthesis of modified peptides.
Microscale underfill dynamics and void formation of high-density flip-chip packaging: Experiments and simulations
Authors: Wu Erjun , Wang Bo , Zhang Shuai , Su Yu , Chen Xiaodong
Published: March 2024

This research focuses on developing high-fidelity experimental and numerical models to analyze microscale underfill dynamics and void formation in high-density flip-chip packaging. Three underfilling scenarios are investigated, namely, point type, I-shaped line type, and L-type line type. The point-type underfilling validates the numerical model against experimental results, while the I-shaped and L-type line-type underfilling explore grid independence, void formation, and critical parameters such as filling position, contact angle, and liquid viscosity. Results indicate that contact angle and viscosity significantly influence filling efficiency and interface evolution. A smaller contact angle accelerates the process, reducing interface jumping motions. Viscous effects are quantified, revealing dimensionless filling time convergence. The use of low-viscosity surrogate fluids enhances numerical simulation efficiency. Sub-bump-sized, bump-sized, and sup-bump-sized voids are observed, identifying three void formation scenarios representing different underfilling flow mechanisms. This study provides insight into microscale flip-chip underfill physics and establishes validated models for next-generation high-density flip-chip products. These models can be further refined and integrated into optimization tools for automated process design, contributing to improved assembly yield and reliability of emerging electronic packages through physics-based understanding and modeling.
Multifractal dimensions for orthogonal-to-unitary crossover ensemble
Authors: Sarkar Ayana , Dheer Ashutosh , Kumar Santosh
Published: March 2024

Multifractal analysis is a powerful approach for characterizing ergodic or localized nature of eigenstates in complex quantum systems. In this context, the eigenvectors of random matrices belonging to invariant ensembles naturally serve as models for ergodic states. However, it has been found that the finite-size versions of multifractal dimensions for these eigenvectors converge to unity logarithmically slowly with increasing system size N. In fact, this strong finite-size effect is capable of distinguishing the ergodicity behavior of orthogonal and unitary invariant classes. Motivated by this observation, in this work, we provide semi-analytical expressions for the ensemble-averaged multifractal dimensions associated with eigenvectors in the orthogonal-to-unitary crossover ensemble. Additionally, we explore shifted and scaled variants of multifractal dimensions, which, in contrast to the multifractal dimensions themselves, yield distinct values in the orthogonal and unitary limits as N→∞ and, therefore, may serve as a convenient measure for studying the crossover. We substantiate our results using Monte Carlo simulations of the underlying crossover random matrix model. We then apply our results to analyze the multifractal dimensions in a quantum kicked rotor, a Sinai billiard system, and a correlated spin-chain model in a random field. The orthogonal-to-unitary crossover in these systems is realized by tuning relevant system parameters, and we find that in the crossover regime, the observed finite-dimension multifractal dimensions can be captured very well with our results.
Effects of wing loading on the aerodynamic characteristics of autorotating maple seeds
Authors: Liu Chenxi , Wang Tianqi , Zeng Lifang , Li Jun , Shao Xueming
Published: March 2024

Natural maple seeds can fall into stable autorotation when descending. Their excellent aerodynamic performance can be applied to biomimetic aircraft design. Wing loading plays an important role in flight performance. To make clear the effects of wing loading on the aerodynamic characteristics of autorotating maple seeds, experiments integrated with numerical simulation were performed. In the experiment, the free fall test and the wind tunnel test were conducted on maple seeds with variable wing loadings. During the free fall process, four typical stages can be divided for the maple seed according to different kinematic characteristics. In the numerical simulation, the Moving Reference Frame method was used to simulate the fluid of autorotating maple seeds. Both experiment and simulation results show that descending velocities and spinning rates rise almost linearly with the increase in wing loadings, and descending velocity is closely related to spinning rate. Obvious leading-edge vortexes were observed on seed wing, which are the flow mechanism of high lift. The pressure differences between the top and lower surfaces of seeds grow with increasing wing loadings. Larger wing loadings lead to more serious separation of leading-edge vortex. The parameter influence analysis demonstrates that smaller conning angles or larger spinning rates are beneficial for high-lift flight. The spinning rate has a more significant effect on the autorotating maple seeds. However, when the spinning rate is larger than 200 rad/s, the lift does not increase anymore. The spinning rate should be controlled smaller than 200 rad/s when applied to biomimetic aircraft.
Electric current driven insulator–metal transition and large electroresistance in single crystal Sr2Ir1–xRuxO4
Authors: You Bin , Liu Yong , Zhu Honggang , Wang Haowen , Xiong Rui , Lu Chengliang
Published: March 2024

A series of single crystal Sr2Ir1–xRuxO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.55) have been synthesized, and their physical properties have been investigated. Ru-substitution at Ir-site can drastically reduce the resistivity, which is accompanied by serious suppression of the long range antiferromagnetic order. With the application of electric current, remarkable electroresistance exceeding 90% is obtained at x ∼ 0.2, which may contain significant contribution from the strong magnetic competitions. Interestingly, insulator–metal transition driven by electric current is observed (e.g., below 100 K), which can be ascribed to the lattice modulation. The findings indicate that the electric current can be an efficient route to tune the physical properties of the Jeff = 1/2 Mott insulator.
Nonreciprocal magnonic directional coupler based on metal-coated YIG adjacent stripes
Authors: Odintsov S. A. , Sheshukova S. E. , Nikitov S. A. , Ogrin F. Y. , Sadovnikov A. V.
Published: March 2024

Unidirectional information transport is often realized in magnonic application using the filters, isolators, and circulators. In this Letter, we propose the simple design of the unidirectional magnonic coupler, which is realized as a laterally coupled yttrium–iron–garnet waveguide coated with a metal layer. We experimentally discover and numerically confirm that the proposed structure can exhibit unidirectional coupling, which can be easily controlled by the direction of the external magnetic field. At the same time, we show how the dynamic magnetization profile of the spin wave is varied with the change in the propagation direction to the opposite along the coupler. Brillouin light scattering reveals the variation of the spatial spin-wave profile, which is then used to extract the value of the coupling length. The experimental results are in good agreement with the results of the coupling length estimation from two methods: eingenmode analysis and Landau–Lifshits–Gilbert solution in parallel with the Maxwell equations. This opens up alternative ways to fabricate the non-reciprocal magnonic devices. In particular, we consider the operation of the unidirectional magnonic coupler as a multi-regime logic device.
Evolution of the impact force of supercooled water droplets with different shapes on a superhydrophobic cold surface
Authors: Hou Jianqiang , Gong Jianying , Huang Ruining , Jiang Xin , Wu Xin
Published: March 2024

We conducted a numerical study on the evolution of the impact force of supercooled water droplets with different shapes when they do not fully rebound on a superhydrophobic cold surface. The evolution of peak impact forces and their characteristic times with Weber number (We) were focused. The presence of a cold surface had a relatively less influence on the evolution of the first peak impact force but had a significant influence on the second peak impact force when We > 60. The sudden increase in the second peak impact force was closely related to the formation and subsequent collapse of cylindrical-like structures inside impinging water droplets. To incorporate the quantitative influence of droplet shapes, we introduced correction factors based on the aspect ratio (AR) in the fitting expressions for peak impact forces and their characteristic times. Specifically, we utilized AR (AR ≤ 1.0) and AR1/6 (AR >1.0) when 3 < We < 40, or AR4/3 (AR ≤ 1.0) and AR1/2 (AR > 1.0) when 40 < We < 100 as correction factors for the first peak impact force. Moreover, we employed AR−2 as the correction factor for the first peak characteristic time and AR−1/3 for the second peak characteristic time. These corrections extended the applicability of the fitting expressions to supercooled water droplets with different shapes.
Continuous variable quantum teleportation network with star topology
Authors: Wu Yimiao , Tian Long , Yao Wenxiu , Shi Shaoping , Liu Xuan , Lu Bo , Wang Yajun , Zheng Yaohui
Published: March 2024

Quantum network allows communication among more than two users with quantum teleportation and high quantum fidelity enabled by non-classical resources. As one of the most versatile architectures, all users are connected mediated by the central station in the star topology network, leading to the realization of the information interconnection and interoperability. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a 4-branch continuous variable (CV) quantum teleportation network with star topology by employing entangled sideband modes from one squeezed state of light. Here, multiple pairs of entangled sideband modes are distributed on demand to central station and four nodes, respectively. Each node linked to the network has its own communication channel with the central station, where the deterministic CV quantum teleportation protocol is implemented with the fidelities above 0.830.
Exploring implications of wave characteristics on the functionality of mimetic tubular sponges
Authors: Hashempour Masoumeh , Kolahdoozan Morteza
Published: March 2024

Marine sponges influence the flow hydrodynamics by suction/pumping mechanism. They provide a recirculation flow and remove pollutants from their residence. Previous studies have validated the efficacy of mimetic sponges in improving momentum transfer in marine environments. This study endeavors to explore the impact of wave characteristics (i.e., wave height and period) on the momentum transfer near the mimetic sponges. Both physical and numerical simulations were undertaken to explore this phenomenon. Experimental results unveiled that the efficiency of the mimetic sponge is contingent upon some circumstances. When waves have a short period and height, the suction effects prevail. In such cases, orbital velocity tends to be in a negative direction, leading to suppressed fluctuating velocities and a reduction in turbulent kinetic energy throughout the water column. Thus, the penetration of the shear layer to the water column and occurrence of wake-street diminish. Conversely, an increase in wave height enhances the momentum exchange through the water column. Surface Line Integral Convolution and Three-Dimensional stream trace visualizations using OpenFOAM provide insights into the generation of spirals and vortices through the water column induced by mimetic sponges.
Invariant scaling laws for plane Couette flow with wall-transpiration
Authors: Dokoza Toni , Hennings de Lara Joao Vinicius , Oberlack Martin
Published: March 2024

The effect of the wall-transpiration Reynolds number ReV0 on the large-scale rolls of the plane Couette flow with wall-transpiration is investigated using resolvent analysis. We observe streamwise-elongated large-scale rolls, moving closer to the suction wall and becoming narrower in the wall-normal and spanwise direction as well as shortened in the streamwise direction for growing ReV0 due to the decreasing characteristic length of the sheared region. Invariant scaling laws describing the growth of the amplification gain over various parameters and determining the optimal parameters yielding most amplification are found enhancing our understanding of the influence on the coherent structures, which can be used to predict their exact size. In a potential second step, this allows to manipulate and efficiently modify these flow characteristics increasing the functionality for various engineering applications as for mass, momentum and heat transfer, which is dominated by turbulent superstructures. For large enough wall-transpiration, the most amplified structures are oblique at optimal streamwise wavenumbers αmax≠0 growing linearly with ReV0. The optimal spanwise wavenumber βmax yielding most amplified structures shows a polynomial dependence of second order on ReV0. For a constant ratio of the wall-transpiration and streamwise Reynolds numbers γ=ReV0Re, the most amplified structures occur at optimal streamwise Reynolds numbers represented by Remax·γa=C. The amplification gain changes its trend from growing with Re2 to decreasing with Re−1.368 after Remax is reached. The resulting streamwise structures are identical for each set of Remax and γ within this invariant scaling law.
Variational principles for the hydrodynamics of the classical one-component plasma
Authors: Krimans Daniels , Putterman Seth
Published: March 2024

Hydrodynamic equations for a one-component plasma are derived as a unification of the Euler equations with long-range Coulomb interaction. By using a variational principle, these equations self-consistently unify thermodynamics, dispersion laws, nonlinear motion, and conservation laws. In the moderate and strong coupling limits, it is argued that these equations work down to the length scale of the interparticle spacing. The use of a variational principle also ensures that closure is achieved self-consistently. Hydrodynamic equations are evaluated in both the Eulerian frame, where the fluid variables depend on the position in the laboratory, and the Lagrangian frame, where they depend on the position in some reference state, such as the initial position. Each frame has its advantages and our final theory combines elements of both. The properties of longitudinal and transverse dispersion laws are calculated for the hydrodynamic equations. A simple step function approximation for the pair distribution function enables simple calculations that reveal the structure of the equations of motion. The obtained dispersion laws are compared to molecular dynamics simulations and the theory of quasilocalized charge approximation. The action, which gives excellent agreement for both longitudinal and transverse dispersion laws for a wide range of coupling strengths, is elucidated. Agreement with numerical experiments shows that such a hydrodynamic approach can be used to accurately describe a one-component plasma at very small length scales comparable to the average interparticle spacing. The validity of this approach suggests considering nonlinear flows and other systems with long-range interactions in the future.
Electrically conductive and flexible filaments of hot melt adhesive for the fused filament fabrication process
Authors: Misiak Michał , Latko-Durałek Paulina , Baldy Emilia , Durałek Paweł , Górecka Żaneta , Malmir Amir , Hatzikiriakos Savvas G.
Published: March 2024

Fused filament fabrication technique is the most popular additive manufacturing that has received extensive attention, revolutionizing industrial production processes. In addition to the standard thermoplastic polymers, much emphasis is placed on developing electrically conductive functional filaments being the most interesting. While there are conductive filaments that are commercially available, the market lacks a wide range of flexible options. Hence, this paper presents innovative filaments based on the combination of thermoplastic hot melt copolyester adhesive (HMA) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The incorporation of carbon nanotubes into the HMA was carried out through a two-step process. First, a masterbatch of 10 wt. % MWCNT was diluted with pure polymer using a half-industrial twin-screw extruder to obtain concentrations in the range of 1–9 wt. %. Consequently, the nanocomposite pellets were extruded again into the form of filaments. The rheological analysis demonstrates that adding MWCNT to the HMA increases both the viscous and elastic behavior of the composites. The homogenously dispersed nanotubes in the polymer matrix led to electrical conductivity of 1.39 S/m for the filaments containing 10 wt. % MWCNT. They are also characterized by the stiffness and tensile strength of about 300 and 13 MPa, respectively. With high thermal stability up to 360 °C, low porosity, and high flexibility, the developed filaments are suitable for 3D printing. The printability of all filaments was confirmed, exhibiting lack of breakage during printing and visibly better quality of the parts with the higher nanotube content.
Computational study of magneto-convective flow of aqueous-Fe3O4 nanoliquid in a tilted cylindrical chamber partially layered by porous medium: Entropy generation analysis
Authors: Swamy H. A. Kumara , Reddy N. Keerthi , Sankar M. , Yoon Aejung , Do Younghae
Published: March 2024

In various industrial applications, the main objective is to enhance thermal efficiency by minimizing the generation of entropy. Specifically, achieving optimal thermal efficiency in a tilted cylindrical chamber poses significant challenges due to the combined effects of tangential and normal gravity components. Our study focuses on the flow dynamics, thermal transport, and entropy generation of Fe3O4/H2O nanoliquid within a cylindrical annular enclosure by incorporating the synergistic effects of magnetic force, geometric inclination angle, and thickness of the porous region. The Brinkman–Forchheimer-extended Darcy model for ferrofluid motion and the one-equation model for heat transfer are applied in the porous region, while the conventional Navier–Stokes and energy equations are used in the fluid-only region. A series of computations is performed for various key parameters, such as Hartmann number (0≤Ha≤60), Darcy number (10−5≤Da≤10−1), porous layer thickness (0.1≤ε≤0.9), and angle of inclination (−60°≤γ≤60°). Our results reveal that the heat transport rate is enhanced by 48.6% with an increase in the Darcy number from 10−5 to 10−1. Moreover, the flow circulation and heat transport can be optimized by tilting the enclosure anticlockwise. It has been found that 91.8% of flow strength can be enhanced by rotating the enclosure from −60° to 60°. Finally, this study suggests that the inclination angle of 30° and a porous layer thickness of 0.3 emerge as the ideal configuration to obtain optimal performance, particularly for lower Hartmann and higher Darcy numbers. Our findings will provide insight into optimizing thermal processes in nanoliquid-filled enclosures subjected to magnetic force.
Bursting-process modulation in a turbulent boundary layer via the natural visibility graph method
Authors: Shi Lijuan , Wang Meng , Tang Zhanqi , Jiang Nan
Published: March 2024

This study proposes a new method for detecting bursting events based on a natural visibility graph and reveals the amplitude modulation of the large-scale to small-scale bursting processes. Through hot-wire measurements of the turbulent boundary layer, velocity signal sequences with different normal heights are obtained. First, a natural visibility graph method is used to map the velocity signal into a visibility network to obtain a time series of the network degree centrality. Next, a statistical analysis of the degree centrality shows that it can reflect hidden structural characteristics. Moreover, the degree centrality signals have a comparable spatial/temporal scale to the Taylor microscale, which indicates that the degree centrality could provide a potential method to characterize the instantaneous wavenumber/frequency information of small-scales. Then, a new method for detecting bursting events is provided based on the degree centrality values. Characterizations of small-scale bursting events are investigated, providing results for the amplitude modulation between large-scale and small-scale bursting processes. These results show that, in the near-wall region, an increase in amplitudes of a small-scale bursting process is induced for intervals of positive large-scale fluctuations and vice versa for negative large-scale fluctuations. The outer zone shows opposite. The phenomenon of temporal shifting of the amplitude modulation is then investigated and shows that the high-speed large-scales lag behind the small-scale bursting process in the near-wall region, while the outer region shows the opposite. The distance of the small-scale bursting processes leading to the large-scales in the near-wall space is log-linear with the wall-normal height.
Investigation of thermal stress effects on subthreshold conduction in nanoscale p-FinFET from Multiphysics perspective
Authors: Duan Huali , Li Erping , Huang Qinyi , Li Da , Chu Zhufei , Wang Jian , Chen Wenchao
Published: March 2024

The rising temperature due to a self-heating or thermal environment not only degrades the subthreshold performance but also intensifies thermal stress, posing a severe challenge to device performance and reliability design. The thermal stress effects on the ON-state performance of the p-type fin field-effect transistor were previously studied. However, as far as we know, how thermal stress affects its subthreshold conduction remains unclear, which is studied in this manuscript. The impact of thermal stress due to the self-heating of adjacent devices on subthreshold conduction is investigated by solving the quantum transport, thermal conduction, and force balance equations for ballistic transport and dissipative transport with phonon scattering. Then, the thermal stress effects at different ambient temperatures are further discussed and analyzed. The simulation results show that the OFF-state leakage current can be reduced by thermal stress, even up to 9.28% for the (110)/[001] device operating at an ambient temperature of 550 K, and its reduction is the comprehensive result of the thermal stress effects on the band structure, potential profile, carrier distribution, and source-to-drain tunneling. In addition, the thermal stress has no significant effects on subthreshold swing although it can change the magnitude of the subthreshold current. Moreover, the effect of thermal stress on subthreshold conduction is highly dependent on the thermal environment of the device and the crystal orientation of the channel semiconductor material.
Leakage flow-induced excitation behavior and rotor instability in the high-speed supercritical CO2 scallop damper seals
Authors: Zhang Enbo , Li Yuzhe , Lai Zitian , Bai Bofeng
Published: March 2024

As an innovative type of damper seal, the scallop damper seal (SDS) has shown greatly improved sealing performance for the high-compactness supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) turbomachinery, but leakage-induced excitation forces have an impact on the rotor stability. In this research, we improve the rotordynamic solution based on the multi-frequency elliptic whirling model for the S-CO2 seals and investigate the leakage-induced excitation behavior of SDS depending on seal geometry and operating condition. By comparing the results of a labyrinth seal and a full-partition pocket damper seal, we prove that SDS has better rotordynamic performance for the S-CO2 compressor. The results show that increasing the pressure drop favors greater direct stiffness and effective damping of the SDS. Inlet preswirl changes the direction of fluid-response force to coincide with the rotor motion, which is detrimental to rotor stability. Changing the cavity depth has no significant effect on the dynamic characteristics of the SDS, but shortening the cavity length reduces the direct stiffness to below zero. Supplementing the number of circumferential cavities increases the direct stiffness and effective damping but results in SDS not being able to be machined directly by milling cutters. The design with 12 circumferential cavities is recommended for the 100-kW-class S-CO2 compressor.