bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis Of Agricultural Extensive In Indonesia Based On Farmer Group View
Authors: Hasanuddin
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the activities and performance of extension workers based on the perceptions of farmer groups in Makali District, Polman Regency. This type of research is descriptive research, namely research that describes the phenomenon of the research variables without testing the hypothesis. The research location is in Makali District, Polman Regency. The research population of the extension partners is the farmer group, totaling 60 farmer groups. A purposive sample assessment in which all the heads of the farmer groups were used as research samples representing their respective farmer groups. The results showed that the performance assessment of the extension workers in Matakali District, Polman Regency conducted by Extension Partners (Chairman of the Farmers Group) was 4096 points, which means that the performance of the extension workers in Matakali District, Polman Regency was in the Enough category. Several things that need to be done by extension workers in improving performance so that they are optimal are the preparation of extension planning data, application of extension methods, self-help and regional development, especially the development of the extension profession in creating scientific papers to be further improved and in accordance with the needs of extension workers and breeders in Makali District. Polman district
Evaluation Of Medicine Prescription At A Pharmacy In Medan City
Authors: Sari Syilvi Rinda , Rawitri Kiki , Wahyuni Sri
Published: March 2023

Pharmacy is a pharmaceutical service facility carried out by pharmacists by providing services directly and responsibly to patients related to pharmaceutical preparations in order to achieve definite results to improve the quality of life of patients. However, currently irrational treatment still often occurs, one of which is with inappropriate prescribing. This will have a negative impact on society. The purpose of this study was to evaluate drug prescribing in one of the pharmacies in the city of Medan. This is a descriptive evaluative research. The data was collected retrospectively and concurrently. Then the raw data was categorized into quantitative data and it was represented in tables to compare the data visually. Meanwhile, qualitative data was collected by observation and interview with the interviewees. The results showed that some indicators of prescribing drugs to patients in one of the pharmacies in Medan city still did not meet the standards, namely the average number of drug items per prescription sheet in 2021 was 3.63 and the percentage of prescribing drugs with generic names in 2021 was 80.9 %. While the prescribing indicators that are in accordance with the standards are the percentage of prescribing antibiotics for 2021 at 6.47%, the percentage of drugs that can be delivered is 90%, and the percentage of drugs that are completely labeled 100%. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there were still indicators of prescribing drugs carried out in one of the pharmacies in the city of Medan that did not meet the standards.
Marketing Strategy Of Smes For Durability On Covid Pandemic-19 Session
Authors: Supriono Supriono , Sudarmiatin Sudarmiatin , Hermawan Agus
Published: March 2023

The economy is one of the most important pillars in state activities, the wheels of the economy are run by various sectors and the MSME sector is a sector that has a major contribution to building the economy in Indonesia. As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic that entered Indonesia in early 2020 and spread rapidly to various regions and caused major disruptions to ongoing economic activities. One of the biggest impacts was felt by most MSMEs so they were forced to go out of business due to not being able to survive the difficult conditions during the Covid-19 pandemic. For this reason, researchers want to know the marketing strategy implemented by culinary tourism that has succeeded in maintaining the durability of its business during the Covid-19 pandemic. The type of research used in this study is qualitative research. This study uses 4 samples of MSMEs for culinary tourism in Malang, namely Depot Hok Lay Cwie Mie culinary tours, Mie Bakar Celaket culinary tours, Bakso President culinary tours and Seoulscents Korean Café culinary tours. The results of this study. The results of this study indicate that 4 MSMEs for culinary tourism in Malang City have their own ways of building and adjusting the 4P Mix Marketing marketing strategy in order to maintain the durability of their business during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Analysis Of Idx 30 Stock Portfolio Performance During Covid 19 Pandemic
Authors: Anastasia Putri Juan , Susanti Elly , Tridianty Sianipar Ruth
Published: March 2023

Investors need to do proper analysis before making a decision in investing. If the investor does not do the right analysis, the investor will experience significant losses. One of the analyzes used is CAPM, and for the next step the researcher evaluates the performance of the stock portfolio. This study aims to analyze the performance evaluation of stock portfolios during the covid 19 pandemic. The research objects were companies registered in IDX 30 during the period January 2020 to July 2022. The result of this study is the Treynor index is the most indicative of conformity without differences between the three measures, as Treynor. Its value is similar to Sharpe and the Jensen index has the smallest difference.
Management Of The Internal Quality Assurance System (Iqas) In Improving The Quality Of Higher Graduates
Authors: Pujiati Herni , Wasliman Iim , Tutty Ade , Andriana Gaffar M.
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to describe the other side of the management of the internal quality assurance system (IQAS) in improving the quality of university graduates. Quality improvement management based on university graduates is a new alternative in education management which emphasizes more on independence and creativity. The development of the quality assurance system management is designed to improve the community's ability to manage educational change in relation to the overall objectives, policies, planning strategies, curriculum initiatives that have been determined by the government and education authorities. Therefore, the output of education demands a change in the attitudes and behavior of all components that involve all people, both the community, in viewing, understanding, helping as well as observers who carry out monitoring and evaluation. This study uses a descriptive analysis method approach. A method approach that is used to analyze, describe and summarize various conditions, and situations from various data collected from observations regarding the problem under study during the research. The problem of the low quality of higher education is the reason for the government to provide a policy by presenting an internal quality assurance system (IQAS) in universities. The internal quality assurance system (IQAS) is managed independently by the university concerned. Then in the management of higher education quality is carried out on an ongoing basis. This study aims to analyze the role of the internal quality assurance system (IQAS) in improving the quality of higher education.
Effect Of Inflation, Exchange Rates, And Trading Volume Activity On Stock Price Indices During The Covid-19 Pandemic On Companies In The Basic Industry And Chemical Sectors
Authors: Ervina Nelly , Azwar Khairul , Susanti Elly , Dewi Nainggolan Christine
Published: March 2023

Covid-19 has an impact on the economy, where ADB decreased with estimates in Asian Developing Countries by 3.0 ppts to 2.2%, and for ASEAN by 3.7 ppts to 1.0% (ASEAN, 2020). In addition, one of the indicators that shows that the occurrence of stock market movements, can be seen through the country's stock price index. The Composite Stock Price Index (JCI), which is one of the benchmarks for the Indonesian stock market, on March 5, 2020 was at 5,638.13 and experienced a low on March 24, 2020 at 3,937.63. This study aims to determine the effect of inflation, exchange rate, and TVA on the stock price index in the basic and chemical industry sectors, which in this case uses data in the period January 2020 -June 2022, namely the period where the stock price index of the basic industry and chemical sectors shows a downward trend in April 2020 and November 2020. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling samples so that 64 Companies in the Basic and Chemical Industries Sector were obtained listed on the IDX. The data analysis technique used in this study uses descriptive statistical analysis to describe the data that has been collected. The results of the study for the F test showed that inflation, exchange rates and TVA had a positive and significant effect on the stock price index. While the results of the t-test show that inflation has a positive and insignificant effect, the exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on the stock price index, and TVA has a negative and insignificant effect on the stock price index.
Coastal Area Development Through Mangrove Planting and Tree Foster Parents as Climate Change Restoration and Mitigation Efforts Sedari Village, Cibuaya District, Karawang Regency
Authors: Ismail Taufik , Andhika Putra M. , Insani M Cita
Published: March 2023

The global community is faced with a number of problems such as the climate crisis. The coastal area is one area that is vulnerable to abrasion and the impact of the climate crisis. Sedari Village is one of the areas on the coast that has the risk of abrasion and climate change. Therefore, PT Pertamina Patraniaga Cikampek BBM Terminal carries out a coastal area development program through planting mangroves and foster parent trees. Community empowerment activities aim to map the activities needed for environmental restoration. Within the framework of management science in general, activities consist of planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating. Within the framework of management science in general, activities consist of planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating. Based on community empowerment activities, it is concluded that coastal area development activities through mangrove planting and OTAP initiation have a high urgency value. then the activity is a collaboration between communities based on academic, industrial, community, government and media groups.
Audit Delay : Influencing Factors (Case Study Of Large Trading Companies On The Indonesia Stock Exchange For The Period 2017 – 2021)
Authors: Astuti Astuti , Dewi Nainggolan Christine , Dermawan Sembiring Lenny
Published: March 2023

presenting relevant information. Obstacles in the accuracy of the submission of financial statements can certainly affect the market's response to the financial statements presented. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect audit delay, including company size, leverage and profitability. The implementation of the study was carried out on thirteen Large Trading Companies during the 2017-2021 period which totaled 65 data. The data analysis techniques used in this study are descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that partially the company size has a significant effect on audit delay, leverage has a significant effect on audit delay, while profitability has no significant effect on audit delay.
Knowledge Sharing Behavior Model of Polytechnic Lecturer
Authors: Kusumanto RD , Salamah Irma
Published: March 2023

Knowledge sharing is very important for lecturers in implementing the tri dharma of higher education. By sharing knowledge, it will create creative ideas and innovations for lecturers. This study aims to find out how the behavior of sharing knowledge of polytechnic lecturers. Research on the knowledge sharing behavior of polytechnic lecturers has never been carried out. The research sample was 200 lecturers at the first six polytechnics in Indonesia. The behavior of sharing knowledge is seen from three factors: knowledge donating, knowledge collecting, and technology. The data was processed using LISREL 8.80. The results of the research are the dominant dimension in supporting the sharing of lecturers' knowledge. Polytechnics lecturer also tend to collecting more knowledge than share knowledge. This can be due to the lack of motivation of lecturers to share and competition. For this reason, polytechnic university management needs efforts to improve the culture of knowledge sharing among lecturers.
Analysis Of Dominant Factors Affecting Construction Service Providers On Tender Electronically In Malang Raya 2021
Authors: Ayu Sabrina Nabila , Wijatmiko Indradi , Wisnumurti Wisnumurti
Published: March 2023

Provider process service construction participates in tenders electronics in Malang Raya; provider service construction will upload an offer or no for a project and make an offer that requires commitment source power. The influencing factors include the characteristics project, the ability company, the challenge operational project, the Economy, the environment, the market, and the government. The study aims to know the dominant factor influencing _ provider service construction bids on delicate electronics located in Malang Raya in 2021. Five hundred and fifty-nine respondents are provider service construction ever _ upload requirements nor only view tenders _ electronics at LPSE Malang Raya. Method research used _ is interviews and questionnaires — data analysis using Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS (Partial Least Square) software.

Modeling results bid Y = 0.123 X1 + 0.325 X2 + 0.196 X3 + 0.406 X4 Effect dominant leading provider service construction bid on Tender directly electronics at LPSE Malang Raya is a category of Economy, Environment, Market, and Government (X4) with Variable Replacement Value loss (X4.4). Influence dominant second that is category Enterprise Capability (X2) with variable Profitability (X2.3). Influence chief third category Challenge Operational Project (X3) with variable Availability another project (X3.4). And Influence dominant final category Characteristics Project (X1) with variable Tender Method (One File) (X1.8) Keywords: Tender, Construction Service Provider, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), SmartPLS (Partial Least Square).
Analysis Of Perfume Seed Inventory Control At PT. Perintis Kiprah Sampono (Case Study Of Aromania Perfumery Karawang)
Authors: Suci Nurrohimmah Meyta , Ludiya Eka , Dwiana Ratnamurni Elis
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze the inventory control of perfume seeds at PT. Pioneer Gait Sampono (case study of aromania perfumery Karawang). The aim is to find out how far the inventory control of aromania perfume seeds has been running effectively and efficiently. The method used in this research is descriptive with a qualitative approach, using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques by conducting observations, interviews and documentation, to test the validity and reliability by using a triangulation process including source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. The results of this study indicate that there are constraints on the supply of perfume seeds, where consumer demand is not fulfilled due to empty supplies resulting in lost sales or disruption of the sales process at the company, but with the always better control analysis method used, it can control every good inventory starting from the process. ordering, receiving goods, checking goods, storing goods, the process of releasing goods, the lead time of goods arriving to the safety stock.
The Role Of Entrepreneur Networking In Moderating The Relationship Of Leadership Style To MSME Performance
Authors: Lie Darwin , Sofyan Sofyan , Rezeki Putri Tanjung Sri , Chandra Erbin , Pandapotan Silitonga Hery
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the role of entrepreneurial networking in moderating the relationship of leadership style to the performance of MSMEs in Pematangsiantar City. Literature and field research design with quantitative approach. Research subjects taken in this study are MSME in the city of Pematangsiantar. The research was conducted in eight districts in the city of Pematangsiantar. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis method used is Partial Least Square (PLS). Data analysis test equipment using Smartpls statistical software. The results obtained were positive and significant between Transformational Leadership with Entrepreneur Networking, Transformational Leadership with MSME performance, and Entrepreneur Networking with MSME performance and positive and no significant between situational leadership with Entrepreneur Networking. Coderation results obtained Entrepreneur Networking is not able to moderate the relationship between situational leadership on MSME performance, and Entrepreneur Networking proved capable of moderating the relationship between transformational leadership on MSME performance.
Analysis Homestay Management During Covid-19 Pandemic in Kebangsaan Tourism Village Wonorejo
Authors: Gusriza Fondina , Agni Andrea Garsione , Muammar Alawi A.
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze the homestay management during the covid-19 pandemic in the Kebangsaan Tourism Village Wonorejo.  The existence of homestays is very important to support tourist activities, such as extending the length of stay of tourists. Homestay was developed from 2017 and continues to increase and has an impact on the local economy. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, management has implemented health protocols in accordance with government recommendations. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the management of homestays during the covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted with a descriptive-qualitative approach. The data analysis technique used the POAC management theory (planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling) to obtain the results of homestay management during the Covid-19 pandemic in the application of CHSE. The results of the study show that the management of homestays in the Kebangsaan Tourism Village during the Covid-19 pandemic has not implemented CHSE. Some have taken basic infection prevention measures such as encouraging frequent hand washing, providing hand sanitizer, urging employees to stay home if they are sick, preparing extra tissues and trash containers in public areas, increasing time in room maintenance. In addition, several managements have also implemented hygiene and environmental safety, such as: cleaning surfaces that look dirty followed by disinfection and performing additional cleaning on all frequently touched areas. Management has not implemented social distancing. Management needs training and socialization in implementing CHSE for homestay management.
Toxic Effect Of The Compound {1,3 Bis (P-Hydroxyphenyl) Urea} On Triiodothyronine (T3) Hormone Levels In Pregnant White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus L.)
Authors: Putri Aisyia Fauzi Ziza , Harahap Urip , Yuandani Yuandani , Berkat Waruwu Syukur , Purnomo Hari , Satria Denny
Published: March 2023

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly prescribed drugs for pregnant women to treat fever, pain and inflammation. Specific NSAIDs can displace thyroid hormone from its protein binding sites, causing thyroid hormone measurement problems. {1,3 bis (p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea} is a modified p-aminophenol compound with potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity and less toxicity. This study is a follow-up to previous research to observe the toxic effect on triiodothyronine hormone levels after administration of {1,3 bis(p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea} compound in pregnant white rats. The toxic effect test was carried out by giving the test preparation to pregnant rats, which had been divided into five groups, namely the normal control group (CMC-Na 0.5%), the positive control (Gabapentin 50 mg/kg BW), Compound {1.3 bis (p- Hydroxyphenyl)urea} at a dose of 50 mg/kg BW, 500 mg/kg BW and 1000 mg/kg BW. Mice were given the test preparation every day from the 6th to the 15th day of pregnancy. Blood was taken on the 16th day, and T3 hormone levels were measured using the ELISA method. The results showed that the T3 hormone levels in the {1,3 bis(p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea group had no significant difference from the normal control group, so it was concluded that {1,3 bis(p-Hydroxyphenyl)urea) did not have a significant effect on the hormone T3.
The Influece Of Service Quqlity On Customer Sastisfcation and Customer Trust And Impaction Repurcase Intention and Site Revition
Authors: Putra Laksana Ryan , Ruswanti Endang
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of e-service quality on customer satisfaction and trust and its impact on repurchase intention, WOM and site revisit. The contribution to this research is expected to provide information to e-commerce regarding the impact of e- service quality on increasing repurchase intention and site revisit. In this study, data collection using a questionnaire with a population of all people who have visited and bought products at e-commerce Tokopedia throughout Indonesia. The selection of respondents was based on purposive sampling method. The analytical method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of this study indicate that there is an influence between e- service quality and customer satisfaction in a positive direction, there is an influence between e-service quality and customer trust in a positive direction, there is an influence between customer satisfaction and repurchase intention in a positive direction, there is an influence between customer trust and customer trust. repurchase intention in a positive direction, there is an influence between customer satisfaction and WOM in a positive direction, there is an influence between customer trust and WOM in a positive direction, and there is an influence of customer trust and site revisit in a positive direction. The implication of this research is that e-commerce improves website quality both in terms of management and infrastructure, pays more attention to the service process to consumers, especially the problem of time accuracy and improves services such as 24-hour customer service.
Implementation of Inlislite Application Based on Management Information Systems at SMKN 1 Praya Tengah
Authors: Purnama M. Syabani , Rokhmat Joni , Setiadi Dadi
Published: March 2023

This study aims to describe what impacts occur when implementing the Inlislite application system based on a management information system in the library of SMKN 1 Praya Tengah. This study uses a qualitative research design and is analyzed by making rich and thick descriptions. Research at the data collection stage uses a grounded theory approach. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that Inlislite has a positive impact, because it can improve library services at SMKN 1 Praya Tengah because librarians process data on borrowing and returning books faster. In addition, there were technical problems in implementing inlislite at SMKN 1 Praya Tengah which resulted in the existing system running slowly. The recommendations for this research are: 1) To separate schools from Inlislite, and add library facilities in the form of the latest generation of computers; 2) Provide regular Inlislite training and guidance to Librarians, so that Librarians are more adept at operating Inlislite.
The Influence Of Brand Experience On Brand Loyalty Through Brand Satisfaction And Brand Trust In Indomie Mie In Sampit
Authors: Oetama Seanewati , Susanto Hari
Published: March 2023

The title of this study is about the effect of brand experience on brand loyalty through brand satisfaction and brand trust Mie Indomie in Sampit, East Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan Province. This research usespurposive sampling. And the data was tested using validity tests (convergent validity and discriminant validity), reliability tests, mediation tests andanalysisStructural Equation Model (SEM). Based on the results of the structural equation test, brand experience significantly influences brand satisfaction. With a part coefficient value of 0.700 and a p-value of 0.01, the hypothesis is accepted. In the structural equation test, brand experience significantly influences brand trust. With a part coefficient value of 0.749 and a p-value of 0.01, the hypothesis is accepted. In the structural equation test, brand experience significantly influences brand loyalty. With a part coefficient value of 0.745 and a p-value of 0.01, the hypothesis is accepted. In the structural equation test, brand satisfaction has no significant effect on brand loyalty. With a part coefficient value of 0.869 and a p-value of 0.01, the hypothesis is accepted. In the structural equation test, brand trust significantly influences brand loyalty. With a part coefficient value of 0.235 and a p-value of p=0.05, the hypothesis is accepted. In the structural equation test, brand experience has a significant effect on loyalty through brand satisfaction. The test results show thatmediation test for indirect effect with a significant value of P <0.01. While the direct effect with a significant value of 0.06. And the direct influence of the path coefficient value decreases from 0.75 to 0.16,so the hypothesis is accepted. In the structural equation test, brand experience has a significant effect on loyalty through brand trust. The test results show thatmediation test for indirect effect with a significant value of 0.31. While the direct effect with a significant value P <0.01. And the direct effect of the path coefficient value is decreasing from 0.75 to 0.36,so the hypothesis is accepted.
ESTIMATION OF MAIZE GENETIC COEFFICIENTS FOR THE CERES-MAIZE MODEL USING NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS
Authors: Noriega Navarrete José Luis , Salazar Moreno Raquel , Burgueño-Ferreira Juan Andrés , Dhliwayo Thanda , López Cruz Irineo , Petroli César Daniel
Published: March 2023

The Crop Environment Resource Synthesis-Maize (CERES-Maize) mechanistic model, included in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT), is a useful and powerful tool that simulates the growth and yield of maize in different environments. The qualitative and quantitative information provided to the CERES-Maize model guarantees reliability in the simulations obtained. However, it requires a lot of information such as soil characteristics, daily climate, crop characteristics and management, as well as six genetic coefficients. This research assessed a non-destructive methodology for estimating the six required parameters (genetic coefficients): P1, P2, P5, G2, G3 and PHINT, based on the maize physiology, measured from the Growing Degree Days (GDD) base 10.  An experiment was established at the experimental station of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) in Tlaltizapan, Morelos, Mexico, where 27 white maize hybrids and 14 yellow maize hybrids were manually sown in an irrigation conservation tillage system. Once the simulations of maize growth and yield were obtained with CERES-Maize model, the genetic coefficients were calibrated using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE).  After calibration of the six genetic coefficients for all hybrids,  an average values of P1, G2 and G3 were within the typical range,  while  P2 and P5  were greater than  the typical range, and PHINT was below typical range.  However,  the simulation model showed  good performance after calibration, according to the average R2 of 0.9809 and 0.9730 between  measured and simulated yields for white and yellow hybrids respectively. The coefficients estimated in this study can be used in the CERES-Maize model to simulate maize yields in different regions of the country for the hybrids used here.
Comparative Literature and Translation Studies: Approaching an Understanding Between the Two
Authors:   Assistant Professor (Senior Scale), Department of English, Ganga Devi Mahila College, Patna, India Patliputra University, Patna, India, Jahan Dr. Farhin
Published: March 2023

Comparative literature cannot be thought of as ignoring translation. Instead, translation studies are more critical for comparative literature, as every word has several connotations for various cultures. Through translation, works of literature can influence each other, and people come closer to other cultures and understand others better. Most Indian readers, through the intermediary of translation, get access to the works of Goethe, Tolstoy, Balzac, Shakespeare, Gorky and many more. Translation studies as a subject have greater scope across the globe. Different Indian universities have started running degree or diploma courses in translation studies, and the new generation is attracted to it. Several public or private organisations need translators as public relations officers in their offices. This paper needs to consider the vital role translation plays in the broader literary phenomenon to demonstrate the impossibility of the general theory of literature. The circulation of texts and readings of world literature is only possible through translation, not as canonical literary texts. The paper explores translational studies' role in defining literature as a space between the source and receiving cultures and examines the comparative relationship literature has with translation studies.
Abundance of Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) during summer off northwest Scotland
Authors: Macleod K.
Published: March 2023

A shipboard cetacean survey was conducted in July/August 1998 within an area to the west of Scotland, UK, commonly known as the Atlantic Frontier. The aim of the survey was to document the distribution and abundance of cetaceans to provide baseline population data for an area that is being increasingly explored and developed by oil companies. A double platform ‘independent observer’ (IO) method was used to estimate the abundance of the Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) using standard line-transect and distance sampling methodology. Previously, uncorrected Atlantic white-sided dolphin abundance was estimated as 27,194 (CV = 0.29) from this survey. This paper presents abundance estimates corrected for g(0) < 1 using a direct duplicate method. The value of g(0) was estimated to be 0.61 (CV = 0.09). The abundance in two strata was estimated as 21,371 (CV = 0.54) to the west of the Outer Hebrides and 74,626 (CV = 0.72) in the Faroe Shetland Channel. The high CVs are the result of small sample sizes, particularly of the duplicate data set. However, the abundance estimates represent the first for this species to the northwest of Scotland and adds to existing baseline abundance estimates for small cetaceans in UK waters. The results could be useful for planning future surveys that aim to calculate more precise abundance estimates. These results, together with opportunistic sightings data collected during other surveys, suggest that the waters to the west of Scotland are an important habitat for the Atlantic white-sided dolphin. Presently, threats to this species in the area are relatively unknown but a baseline population estimate will be an integral part of any management regime should there become a need in future.
Chronic interaction between humans and free-ranging bottlenose dolphins near Panama City Beach, Florida, USA
Authors: Samuels Amy , Bejder Lars
Published: March 2023

‘Swim-with’ activities, in which humans enter the water to interact with free-ranging cetaceans, are a popular form of nature tourism; however, there is considerable disagreement as to whether these encounters constitute a threat to the animals. At the request of the US Marine Mammal Commission, a systematic study was designed to quantify effects of swim-with activities on the behaviour of bottlenose dolphins in waters near Panama City Beach, Florida. Certain dolphin behaviours were identified as indicative of chronic interaction with humans, and based on presence of these behaviours, at least seven dolphins were identified that permitted people to swim nearby. Because these dolphins accepted food handouts from people, they were considered to be conditioned to human interaction through food reinforecement. Specific human-dolphin interactions that posed a risk for dolphins or humans were identified, and it was calculated that human interaction put a specific juvenile dolphin at risk once every 12 min, including being fed by humans once every 39-59 min. Humans interacting with that dolphin were estimated to be at risk once every 29 min. Although the study was of limited duration, the observations were so clear-cut and the nature of interactions so potentially hazardous it was concluded that food provisioning was the probable basis for swimming with free-ranging dolphins near Panama City Beach, Florida, and therefore, human interaction at this location was likely to be harmful to the dolphins and in clear violation of the US Marine Mammal Protection Act. Of equal importance to the findings of this study is the methodology. A systematic behavioural methodology was designed that can be adapted to study potential impacts of nature tourism on coastal communities of cetaceans in which individuals are readily distinguished. The focus was on the behaviour of individual animals in order to describe and quantify in-water interactions between dolphins and humans, to make behavioural comparisons for the same individual dolphins in the presence and absence of swimmers, and to make behavioural comparisons for individual dolphins in the same region that do and do not interact with swimmers. Coupled with standard photo-identification techniques, these methods can be used to identify the class of animals, or proportion of a local community, that is more likely to interact with, be detrimentally affected by, and/or avoid human interaction. Sequential observations of the same individuals taken over time can be used to document habituation or sensitisation to human interaction.
Impact of Media Law and Regulation on Radio Programing Diversity in Kenya
Authors: Wekesa Allan , Mberia Hellen , Omoke Lilian
Published: March 2023

Purpose: All around the world, radio is regulated. The extent of the regulation and how it is done varies. Regulation takes many forms, ranging from clauses in national constitutions and laws to administrative procedures and technical specifications. This study examined how media laws and regulations affect radio programming diversity in Kenya.

Methodology: The study adopted a mixed research design method, data was gathered through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Findings: The findings revealed that despite the importance of media laws and regulations to journalism practice, journalists' adherence to media laws and ethics was low. It was also established that journalists contravened media laws and ethics because of sycophancy, security reasons, desperation, greed, ethical dilemmas, ignorance of media laws and ethics, and laziness.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was rooted on the normative theory of the press.  According to Siebert, F., Peterson, T., & Schramm, W. (1956) A Normative theory describes an ideal way for a media system to be controlled and operated by the government, authority, leader and public. On its contribution to practice, the study calls on the Media Council of Kenya in conjunction with the Kenya Union of Journalists to enhance interaction between gatekeepers and reporters especially on ethical concerns in order to enhance adherence to the code of conduct.
Evaluation of Common Antimicrobials against Clinical Isolates: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Esrat Ayesha , Mia Palash , Zerin Tamanna , Hossain Md. Ifrat , Mondal Shekha Nita
Published: March 2023

Purpose: In this era of COVID-19, one of the most effective protective measures to prevent respiratory diseases is maintaining hand hygiene. Moreover, the use of hand sanitizer, hand wash, antiseptics, and disinfectants increased abruptly in this outbreak.
Materials & Methods: An in vitro antimicrobial potential of twelve antimicrobials were chosen for this study. They were tested for their antibacterial activity using disk diffusion and agar well diffusion methods against eleven clinical isolates from urine, wounds, tracheal aspirate, and sputum.
Results: Clinical isolates were presumptively identified using standard microbiological procedures as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter sp., and Streptococcus sp. Among all the antimicrobials, Savlon (family size) antiseptic disinfectant showed the highest zone of inhibition (ZOIs) against most of the bacterial isolates, followed by hand sanitizer Hexisol. Whereas, the least antimicrobial activity was observed by Savlon hand wash, Germ Kill hand sanitizer, and Dabur hand sanitizer among all the tested products.
Conclusions: The variability in performance of those twelve products against bacterial pathogens revealed an urge to validate the antibacterial activity of antimicrobials and systematic monitoring of their effectiveness and uniformity in activity against pathogenic microbes.
The Anti-Candida and the Cytotoxic Activity of Aloe Vera Gel Extracts
Authors: Al-Ghazali Linda
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The research paper studies the in vitro anti-candida activity and cytotoxic effects of Aloe vera (Linn) leaves extract against melanoma and normal cell lines.
Subjects and Methods: The traditional Soxhlet apparatus was used to prepare the crude plant extract using organic solvents. The agar well diffusion method was used to explore the in vitro anti-candida, and the MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxic activity.
Results: With IC50 values of 250 g/ml and more than 1000 g/ml, respectively, crude extract demonstrated anti-Candida activity against Candida ((kefyr, glabrata, and albicans) in varying potencies and cytotoxic effect in B16 cell line and vero cell line.
Conclusions: This study unequivocally establishes that the crude extract of Aloe vera leaves with bioactive metabolites is capable of supplying high-quality biological material for anti-Candida and anti-cancer therapeutic programs.
Assessment of Impact of Structured Education Regarding Medication Errors among Selected Nursing Colleges of Kalaburagi
Authors: Chauhan Aarti , Fatima Afreen , Babu Aiswarya , Chandra Amal
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Patient safety is a significant challenge facing healthcare systems today. It is the nurse’s role to provide the best possible quality of care and patient safety. They can play an important role in identification, prevention and reporting of MEs. The study was to assess the knowledge of MEs among nursing students, to improve the knowledge of ME among nursing students and to improve the medication error reporting skills of nursing students.

Subjects and Methods: It was a Prospective Eduational study conducted among 186 nursing students of 3 different nursing colleges of KALABURAGI city. Data collection form including self-structured questionnaire were used. Pre-test followed by power point presentation on all aspects of ME education was done. After a gap of 2 weeks  post test was conducted. Following evaluation, data was tempted into the Microsoft Excel Sheet and analyzed using IBM SPSS 20.0 and  paired student’s T – test and  ANOVA was applied for interpreting data .

Results: Mean age of participants was 20.6 years and 96 of the students were males.100 students were from 3rd year and 86 were from 2nd year BSc nursing. Students had good knowledge and attitude towards ME and its reporting but poor practice.3rd year students had a better knowledge compared to 2nd year. In pretest mean knowledge score was 9.21.There was a statistically very highly significant difference in mean knowledge scores between pre and post-test (P<0.001). A positive change in student’s perception and practice towards ME reporting was observed in posttest.

Conclusions: Despite sufficient knowledge and favorable attitude towards medication error reporting there is still an under reporting of medication error when it comes to practice.
Cultural Tradition as a Local Context for Sustainable of Urban Identity in Gianyar City Case Study
Authors: Mahira Eka Diana , Soemardiono Bambang , Santoso Eko Budi
Published: March 2023

This study explores the role of cultural traditions in maintaining identity for the city’s sustainability by looking at the relationship between cultural traditions, conservation, and urban design. Local culture, customs, and traditions are recognized as forming the character of space that gives identity. So cultural sustainability becomes a higher emphasis in sustainable development activities. Tradition can be understood and even creates a sense of place for local communities towards their environment in globalization if the principle of cultural essence is not threatened. Gianyar City, Bali, was chosen as a case study representing other cities with possibly similar characteristics. This area has the potential to fulfill a sustainable urban revitalization initiative. The study shows three urban form determinants, the dominant characteristics that project the attributes of fixedness and permanence: (1) Desa Adat, (2) pempatan agung (catuspatha), and (3) spatial division based on direction orientation (mandala and luan teben). It proves that tradition can bridge the change and development of community culture by ensuring that the basic beliefs of a group can be expressed and maintained in a residential environment.
Highlighting Pedestrian Equity Considerations Using Walkability Space Syntax: A Case from Suburb in India
Authors: Tiwari Rahul , Garg Yogesh Kumar , Gupta Anjali , Kedar Vedankur S. , Paul Nilanjan
Published: March 2023

Increasing urbanization has led to uncontrolled growth along the periphery of urban areas, particularly in developing countries. This has led to the formation of suburban areas around the metropolis, which are characterized by low-density neighborhood with the places of activities like education, and work, usually far off from one another. Walking is the predominant mode of transport across the world, but the facilities for pedestrians, while planning and implementation, are usually overlooked. Hitherto, ample amount of literature has been found to be centric to the pedestrian analysis in core city under different purviews, but only some studies highlight pedestrian inequity in suburban diorama. To highlight these pedestrian issues, a study was conducted in Kajlikheda, a suburb area of Bhopal, which is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, a central state of India. The paper highlights the pedestrian equity concern through Walkability Space Syntax (WSS).WSS of street integration and pedestrian choice analysis is used for understanding the walking pattern in a neighborhood. A reconnaissance survey was conducted to find out the available pedestrian infrastructure and facilities, post which absence of these facilities was observed. To establish the share of pedestrians in traffic and reinforce the findings, a Traffic Volume Count was conducted, and pedestrian share was found to be substantial. In cognizance to the laid standards, volume to capacity ratio was calculated for automobiles and pedestrians for quantifying the Level of Service (LoS) for both the modes. Through statistical analysis, the paper attempts to express the need to take adequate consideration to provide better pedestrian facilities, which can be generalized in various suburban scenarios across the globe. The research also brings a new dimension to the pedestrian equity studies by integrating concepts of space syntax to answer the modality.
 
Received: 19 December 2022 | Revised: 14 March 2023 | Accepted: 14 March 2023 
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Extractivisme(s)
Authors: Langlois Marie-Dominik , Magaña Canul Rolando Iván
Published: March 2023

Cette entrée aborde le concept classique d'extractivisme, ainsi que dans ses nouvelles frontières en pleine expansion. L’extractivisme est concept qui provient essentiellement d’intellectuels d’Amérique du Sud, dont le chercheur uruguayen Eduardo Gudynas, la sociologue argentine Maristella Svampa (2013) et l’économiste équatorien Alberto Acosta (2013). Il vise à analyser l’industrie des ressources naturelles d’un point de vue critique, un secteur dominé par les pays du Nord. Cependant, dans les dernières années, le concept s'est décentré géographiquement des études latino-américaines et, de façon croissante, est utilisé dans des études abordant des territoires autochtones au Nord. En outre, la notion n'est plus le propre des ressources naturelles, mais se réfère à un mode d'extraction plus global qui peut concerner des ressources d'autres natures, comme les savoirs, les personnes humaines ou non-humaines, etc.
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE FOREIGN POLICY OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Kukeyeva Fatima , Augan Malik , Nyshanbayev Nurbolat , Aitymbetov Nurken
Published: March 2023

The importance of international organizations has been significantly changed over the last century. The League of Nations, which proposed by then US President Woodro Wilson has laid foundation to the modern system of international organizations. International organizations these dats one of the main legal and organizational forms of international cooperation in the modern world; voluntary organizations in various spheres of international relations (economic, political, cultural) International organizations play an important role in modern international relations. States consider membership in these organizations as one of the main directions of their foreign economic policies and activities. Such organizations are under the special care of governments: each country’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has departments dealing with international organizations, membership fees to international and intergovernmental organizations account for a significant part of the state budget’s foreign policy and foreign economic activity. The importance of this category of international organizations lies in the formal participation of states and governments in their work. In this article authors analyses the role and impact of international organizations in the foreign policy agenda of Kazakhstan since the independence. Authors strongly believes that international organizations has become one of the important vectors of the foreign policy of Kazakhstan. In order to analyse the role of the International organiztions of the foreign policy of Kazakstans, authors first will discuse conceptual definitions about foreign policy and its links with international organizations. Second, authors divide into three group organizations by theirs sphere of interactions with Kazakhstan. At last but not least, will be given a theoretical framework and analyses on the role of the regional, global, specialized international organizations on the foreign policy of Kazakhstan.