bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISMP Medication Error Report Analysis - Leucovorin-Levoleucovorin Mix-Up; Two Error-Reduction Principles, One Change; Syringe Pull-Back Method of Verifying IV Admixtures is Unreliable; Fleet Enema Saline is not Just Saline; ISMP Processes Health it Error Reports
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L.
Published: November 2013

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.

Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
The Ideal Resident: Perspective from a Residency Program Director
Authors: Miyares Marta A.
Published: November 2013

There are certain traits that residency program directors seek in a candidate. The combined characteristics constitute the attributes of an ideal resident. The goal of this article is to delineate and expand upon the characteristics of an ideal resident. Although the focus of the article is on ideal traits, responsibilities of residency programs are also described.
Implementation of an Order Set to Adhere to National Patient Safety Goals for Warfarin Therapy
Authors: Nisly Sarah , Shiltz Erin D. , VanArsdale Vanessa , Laughlin Jordyn
Published: November 2013

Background

In 2009, The Joint Commission mandated full compliance with National Patient Safety Goal (NPSG) 03.05.01 to reduce the likelihood of patient harm associated with anticoagulant therapy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of inpatients receiving warfarin at Methodist Hospital pre and post implementation of a warfarin order set between January 2008 and July 2011. The primary endpoint of this study was overall adherence to laboratory monitoring. Secondary endpoints included compliance with individual laboratory parameters, percentage of patient educational sessions completed prior to discharge, and percentage of appropriate follow-up arrangements documented on discharge.

Results

A total of 707 patients were assessed. Overall adherence to laboratory monitoring parameters significantly improved from 71.8% to 87.5% (odds ratio [OR], 2.76; 95% CI, 1.87- 4.07; P < .001). Additional improvements were seen in patient education prior to discharge, and appropriate follow-up arrangements were documented at discharge.

Conclusions

This analysis demonstrates that implementation of an order set assists in adherence to policies and procedures designed to address the NPSG 03.05.01. Additionally, pharmacy involvement in monitoring, educating, and arranging for follow-up may lead to successful completion of these parameters.
Are All of Your Point of Information Needs Covered?
Authors: Felkey Bill G. , Fox Brent I.
Published: November 2013

We have long advocated that information is the core of health care delivery. Yes, procedures and testing make up a considerable portion of the cost and effort in care. However, these efforts are usually the result of the consideration of extensive amounts of information, or they are performed to gain more information. Certainly, information is key. In this installment, we explore information resources, characteristics of information use that support care delivery, and how it all fits together.
Comparison of mRNA Splicing Assay Protocols across Multiple Laboratories: Recommendations for Best Practice in Standardized Clinical Testing
Authors: Whiley Phillip J , de la Hoya Miguel , Thomassen Mads , Becker Alexandra , Brandão Rita , Pedersen Inge Sokilde , Montagna Marco , Menéndez Mireia , Quiles Francisco , Gutiérrez-Enríquez Sara , De Leeneer Kim , Tenés Anna , Montalban Gemma , Tserpelis Demis , Yoshimatsu Toshio , Tirapo Carole , Raponi Michela , Caldes Trinidad , Blanco Ana , Santamariña Marta , Guidugli Lucia , de Garibay Gorka Ruiz , Wong Ming , Tancredi Mariella , Fachal Laura , Ding Yuan Chun , Kruse Torben , Lattimore Vanessa , Kwong Ava , Chan Tsun Leung , Colombo Mara , De Vecchi Giovanni , Caligo Maria , Baralle Diana , Lázaro Conxi , Couch Fergus , Radice Paolo , Southey Melissa C , Neuhausen Susan , Houdayer Claude , Fackenthal Jim , Hansen Thomas Van Overeem , Vega Ana , Diez Orland , Blok Rien , Claes Kathleen , Wappenschmidt Barbara , Walker Logan , Spurdle Amanda B , Brown Melissa A
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND

Accurate evaluation of unclassified sequence variants in cancer predisposition genes is essential for clinical management and depends on a multifactorial analysis of clinical, genetic, pathologic, and bioinformatic variables and assays of transcript length and abundance. The integrity of assay data in turn relies on appropriate assay design, interpretation, and reporting.

METHODS

We conducted a multicenter investigation to compare mRNA splicing assay protocols used by members of the ENIGMA (Evidence-Based Network for the Interpretation of Germline Mutant Alleles) consortium. We compared similarities and differences in results derived from analysis of a panel of breast cancer 1, early onset (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2, early onset (BRCA2) gene variants known to alter splicing (BRCA1: c.135-1G>T, c.591C>T, c.594-2A>C, c.671-2A>G, and c.5467+5G>C and BRCA2: c.426-12_8delGTTTT, c.7988A>T, c.8632+1G>A, and c.9501+3A>T). Differences in protocols were then assessed to determine which elements were critical in reliable assay design.

RESULTS

PCR primer design strategies, PCR conditions, and product detection methods, combined with a prior knowledge of expected alternative transcripts, were the key factors for accurate splicing assay results. For example, because of the position of primers and PCR extension times, several isoforms associated with BRCA1, c.594-2A>C and c.671-2A>G, were not detected by many sites. Variation was most evident for the detection of low-abundance transcripts (e.g., BRCA2 c.8632+1G>A Δ19,20 and BRCA1 c.135-1G>T Δ5q and Δ3). Detection of low-abundance transcripts was sometimes addressed by using more analytically sensitive detection methods (e.g., BRCA2 c.426-12_8delGTTTT ins18bp).

CONCLUSIONS

We provide recommendations for best practice and raise key issues to consider when designing mRNA assays for evaluation of unclassified sequence variants.
La novel·la gràfica: un canvi d’horitzó en la indústria del còmic
Authors: Gómez Salamanca Daniel , Rom Rodríguez Josep
Published: November 2013

Des de fa poc més d’una dècada, autors, teòrics i periodistes parlen de la novel·la gràfica com a àmbit en el qual el còmic, per fi, ha aconseguit un nivell de qualitat literari que obri, així, les portes de la legitimació cultural. En aquest article ens allunyarem de les perspectives d’estudi més comunes i qüestionarem la relació entre còmic, novel·la gràfica i literatura. Des de l’anàlisi de la indústria del còmic espanyola, parant especial atenció a la distribució i als canals de venda, buscarem indicis de si, tot i no ser literatura, la novel·la gràfica està propiciant una normalització de la indústria del còmic espanyola com a subsector de la indústria editorial.
La literatura en els còmics de Jacques Tardi: quan la novel·la esdevé partitura i model artístic
Authors: Canyissà Jordi
Published: November 2013

La literatura és un element essencial per definir les característiques de l’univers creatiu de Jacques Tardi. Sense la influència literària, no es pot entendre ni l’ambició temàtica, ni la tècnica narrativa, ni la llibertat formal de les seves obres, sovint allunyades dels cànons del còmic més popular. Àlbums com Ici Même (1979) han estat un revulsiu dins del món de la historieta i un primer camí cap al que ara es coneix com a novel·la gràfica i han ajudat a acostar el món de la literatura i el del còmic a partir del que tenen en comú: el relat. Les seves creacions són una bona manera d’entendre les semblances i les diferències entre tots dos àmbits. En les obres de Tardi trobem casos de reescriptura, de citacions o d’incisos enmig del discurs narratiu i un ús particularment important de la veu del narrador, amb clares ressonàncies literàries.
El discurso interior en los cómics de Frank Miller
Authors: Pérez García Juan Carlos
Published: November 2013

Desde los años ochenta, Frank Miller ha sido reconocido como uno de los principales renovadores del libro de comics producido por la industria norteamericana. Uno de sus rasgos de estilo más distintivos e influyentes es el tratamiento del discurso interior de los personajes, inspirado por la novela hard-boiled y el cine negro americano, pero también por cómics previos, de crimen y de superhéroes. En este artículo comentamos los diversos usos del discurso interior en los cómics de Miller con casos de estudio elegidos de toda su obra, acompañados de una aproximación a los antecedentes históricos de la introducción de dicho recurso en el cómic norteamericano.
La maduresa de l’autoconsciència. De Winsor McCay a Grant Morrison: variacions del metacòmic
Authors: Ortiz Hernández Francisco Javier
Published: November 2013

Un dels elements comuns a la literatura i al còmic des de l’origen d’ambdós àmbits és la possibilitat de l’autoreferencialitat o, si apliquem el concepte a la narrativa, de la metaficció. Aquest element està present en la tradició del còmic des de l’obra de pioners com Winsor McCay o George Herriman fins a autors contemporanis com Grant Morrison, i s’ha manifestat de manera molt variada, bé en còmics sobre el món de la historieta (algunes novel·les gràfiques de Seth i de Dylan Horrocks en són força representatives) o com a arriscats exercicis metalingüístics amb finalitat teòrica, de la qual cosa és exemple el cas d’algunes obres de Scott McCloud.
Wagner a l’ombra: referències i context musical dins la narrativa d’Eduard López-Chavarri Marco
Authors: Ferrando Morales Àngel Lluís
Published: November 2013

Gairebé en qualsevol narració d’Eduard López-Chavarri, la música és un element ben important i moltes vegades esdevé generador o determinant del propi discurs narratiu. Wagner, com a icona modernista o solament com a compositor i pensador admirat, és present en l’obra del compositor, escriptor i crític valencià. Sempre a l’ombra literària, com a model d’inspiració o referència contextual, observem la recepció del compositor de Leipzig a València a partir del treball del nostre protagonista. Aquest article, clarament dividit en dues seccions, palesa aquesta recepció mitjançant la recerca de referències i l’anàlisi del context musical dins la narrativa de l’autor valencià.
Cartesian Robotics
Authors: Bates David
Published: November 2013

This essay looks closely at René Descartes’s physiological theory, and especially his theorization of the nerves and the brain as an information-processing system, in order to offer a new interpretation of cognition within his philosophy. Rather than opposing mind and body, Descartes showed how the operations of the soul interrupted the automatic cognitive processes of the body to provide adaptive flexibility for the human organism as a whole.
Disappearing Objects/Elusive Subjects
Authors: Varsano Paula
Published: November 2013

This paper examines changes in the philosophical and literary representations of mirrors—and mirroring—in a foundational period of Chinese history beginning with the pre-classical period and ending in the medieval Tang Dynasty. Inspired by the peculiarity of this object, which acts upon subjects at least as much as it is acted upon by them, this study of the literary mirror, of reflection and reflexivity, provides a glimpse into the larger issue of the construction of subjectivity in premodern China. Through the examination of each stage of the literary mirror’s gradual transformation from metaphor, to lyrical stimulus, and ultimately to its subsumption as an evocative predicate, it is possible to observe concomitant shifts in the construction of the literary subject as it displays increasing—but never absolute—degrees of specificity, distinctness, and autonomy.
Novel α-MSH analog causes weight loss in obese rats and minipigs and improves insulin sensitivity
Authors: Fosgerau Keld , Raun Kirsten , Nilsson Cecilia , Dahl Kirsten , Wulff Birgitte S
Published: November 2013

Obesity is a major burden to people and to health care systems around the world. The aim of the study was to characterize the effect of a novel selective α-MSH analog on obesity and insulin sensitivity. The subchronic effects of the selective MC4-R peptide agonist MC4-NN1-0182 were investigated in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats and DIO minipigs by assessing the effects on food intake, energy consumption, and body weight. The acute effect of MC4-NN1-0182 on insulin sensitivity was assessed by a euglycemic–hyperinsulinemic clamp study in normal rats. Three weeks of treatment of DIO rats with MC4-NN1-0182 caused a decrease in food intake and a significant decrease in body weight 7±1%,P<0.05 compared with 3±1% increase with the vehicle control. In DIO minipigs, 8 weeks of treatment with MC4-NN1-0182 resulted in a body weight loss of 13.3±2.5 kg (13±3%), whereas the vehicle control group had gained 3.7±1.4 kg (4±1%). Finally, clamp studies in normal rats showed that acute treatment with MC4-NN1-0182 caused a significant increase in glucose disposal (Rd) compared with vehicle control (Rd, mg/kg per min, 17.0±0.7 vs 13.9±0.6,P<0.01). We demonstrate that treatment of DIO rats or minipigs with a selective MC4-R peptide agonist causes weight loss. Moreover, we have demonstrated weight-independent effects on insulin sensitivity. Our observations identify MC4 agonism as a viable target for the treatment of obesity and insulin resistance.
MCT8 expression in human fetal cerebral cortex is reduced in severe intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Chan Shiao Y , Hancox Laura A , Martín-Santos Azucena , Loubière Laurence S , Walter Merlin N M , González Ana-Maria , Cox Phillip M , Logan Ann , McCabe Christopher J , Franklyn Jayne A , Kilby Mark D
Published: November 2013

The importance of the thyroid hormone (TH) transporter, monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), to human neurodevelopment is highlighted by findings of severe global neurological impairment in subjects withMCT8(SLC16A2) mutations. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), usually due to uteroplacental failure, is associated with milder neurodevelopmental deficits, which have been partly attributed to dysregulated TH actionin uterosecondary to reduced circulating fetal TH concentrations and decreased cerebral thyroid hormone receptor expression. We postulate that altered MCT8 expression is implicated in this pathophysiology; therefore, in this study, we sought to quantify changes in cortical MCT8 expression with IUGR. First, MCT8 immunohistochemistry was performed on occipital and parietal cerebral cortex sections obtained from appropriately grown for gestational age (AGA) human fetuses between 19 weeks of gestation and term. Secondly, MCT8 immunostaining in the occipital cortex of stillborn IUGR human fetuses at 24–28 weeks of gestation was objectively compared with that in the occipital cortex of gestationally matched AGA fetuses. Fetuses demonstrated widespread MCT8 expression in neurons within the cortical plate and subplate, in the ventricular and subventricular zones, in the epithelium of the choroid plexus and ependyma, and in microvessel wall. When complicated by IUGR, fetuses showed a significant fivefold reduction in the percentage area of cortical plate immunostained for MCT8 compared with AGA fetuses (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the proportion of subplate microvessels immunostained. Cortical MCT8 expression was negatively correlated with the severity of IUGR indicated by the brain:liver weight ratios (r2=0.28;P<0.05) at post-mortem. Our results support the hypothesis that a reduction in MCT8 expression in the IUGR fetal brain could further compromise TH-dependent brain development.
"'Leitmotif': On the Application of a Word to Film Music"
Authors: Meyer Stephen C.
Published: November 2013

The idea that the film scoring procedures of classic Hollywood composers descends from the leitmotif technique of Wagner (and other composers such as Richard Strauss) is so firmly embedded in narrative histories of film music that it hardly needs to be rearticulated. It stretches back beyond Max Steiner’s frequently-quoted comments about his own indebtedness to Wagner into the very earliest years of sound film. The first section of this paper offers a critique of this interpretative tradition, by placing it in the context of Wagner's own discussion of the term "leitmotif" (in his essay "On the Application of Music to Drama") and its use in subsequent analytical works. Classical Hollywood film music scoring, I will maintain, fits very uncomfortably with this analytical tradition. In many ways, the invocation of the leitmotif in film music discourse during the 1930s and 40s was driven by a desire to establish the cultural legitimacy of sound film: to establish (we might say) Hollywood as the logical successor to Bayreuth. In the second part of this essay, I use Miklós Rózsa's score to Ben-Hur as a kind of limiting case for the application of the leitmotif principle to film music. The highly transformative network of motives that Rózsa uses in this score is similar—in terms of its structure if not its specific melodic/harmonic content—to those through which Wagner organized his music dramas. The drafts and revisions to the "Aftermath" cue, however, suggest that Rózsa's early intentions in this regard were far more thoroughgoing than the final cut of the film would suggest. In this final cut, Ròzsa's original concepts were simplified: the network of motives through which the scene was organized was—so to speak—partially unraveled. In this sense, the evolution of Rózsa's "Aftermath" cue illustrates the tension between cultural pretensions and cinematic practice: between film music as "high art" and film music as functional entertainment.
Melodramatic Music in the Western
Authors: Whitmer Mariana
Published: November 2013

The Western film developed from a variety of sources, including written and visual sources, such as the classic and dime novels, as well as paintings and photographs. Eventually these were dramatized with live action in the rodeo, Wild West shows, and on stage, particularly in melodramas. In his history of the Western film, David Lusted points out, “Whether gunfighter or outlaw criminal, cowboy or sheriff, the Western hero is invariably a romantic hero of melodrama.” The Western owes a great deal to melodrama, not the least of which is the music that usually accompanies it. Owing to the substantial amount of action and infrequent dialogue, Westerns particularly rely on music to convey excitement, tension, and all the other emotions so necessary to their popularity. As exhibited in the collections of photoplay music and silent film cue sheets, the Western film score appropriated many of the musical clichés that accompanied the staged works of the late nineteenth century. This presentation will begin to trace the history of the music that accompanied the Western narrative from the stage to the screen, demonstrating how many of the aural clues that enhance our enjoyment of this genre today have their roots in late nineteenth century melodrama.
Easy to Cut
Authors: Schneller Tom
Published: November 2013

One of the defining characteristics of Bernard Herrmann’s film music is its modular construction: his cues are typically assembled from short blocks of musical material rather than extended melodic lines. While this feature of his style has been much discussed in general terms, there have been few attempts to identify specifically how these blocks are constructed and how they are chained together to yield coherent musical statements. Using examples from Psycho, Marnie, and other Herrmann scores, I will demonstrate that the phrase structure and melodic trajectory of much of Herrmann’s music is based on a small set of frequently recurring prototypes. This structural consistency contributes to making the “Herrmann sound” instantly recognizable.
Music Theory Through the Lens of Film
Authors: Lehman Frank
Published: November 2013

The encounter of a musical repertoire with a theoretical system benefits the latter even as it serves the former. A robustly applied theoretic apparatus hones our appreciation of a given corpus, especially one such as film music, for which comparatively little analytical attention has been devoted. Just as true, if less frequently offered as an motivator for analysis, is the way in which the chosen music theoretical system stands to see its underlying assumptions clarified and its practical resources enhanced by such contact. The innate programmaticism and aesthetic immediacy of film music makes it especially suited to enrich a number of theoretical practices. A habit particularly ripe for this exposure is tonal hermeneutics: the process of interpreting music through its harmonic relationships. Interpreting cinema through harmony not only sharpens our understanding of various film music idioms, but considerably refines the critical machinery behind its analysis. The theoretical approach focused on here is transformation theory, a system devised for analysis of art music (particularly from the 19th Century) but nevertheless eminently suited for film music. By attending to the perceptually salient changes, rather than static objects, of musical discourse, transformation theory avoids some of the bugbears of conventional tonal hermeneutics for film (such as the tyranny of the “15 second rule”) while remaining exceptionally well-calibrated towards musical structure and detail. By examining a handful of passages from films with chromatically convoluted scores—Raiders of the Lost Ark, King Kong, and A Beautiful Mind—I reveal some of the conceptual assumptions of transformational theory while simultaneously interpreting the scenes and films that these cues occupy. Ultimately, it is the notion of “transformation” itself—as a theoretical keystone, an analytical stance, and an immanent quality of music—that is most elucidated through this approach.
Knowledge Organization in Film Music and its Theatrical Origins
Authors: Rosar William H.
Published: November 2013

The knowledge organization of film scores composed today reflects the history of repertoire practice systematized by the Kinothek (Cinema Library) of the silent era, which was based upon the melos of theatrical stage melodrama in the nineteenth century. Musicology can only benefit from understanding that system of knowledge organization and applying it to studying the practice of film scoring, past and present.
Ben-Hur Legacy
Authors: Hickman Roger
Published: November 2013

Lew Wallace completed his third literary effort, Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ, in 1880. The work quickly became America’s top selling novel of the nineteenth century, and a spectacular melodrama was staged in 1899. After watching a rehearsal, Wallace remarked, “My God, did I set all of this in motion?” One can only imagine what his reaction might have been to the two major films based on his novel produced by MGM in 1925 and 1959. According to one historian, Ben-Hur was the “most dependable theatrical war horse of the twentieth century.” The melodrama Ben Hur created an enormous sensation. It is estimated that it was performed over 6,000 times for an aggregate audience of twenty million people, making this the most widely seen dramatic presentation by an American author. Part of the success of this theatrical blockbuster is Edgar Stillman Kelley’s original musical score, which includes orchestral excerpts, choral numbers, and a solo song. This study provides an historical overview of the Ben-Hur story, including the background of the novel and stage play, a comparison of the melodrama and early epic films, and the general similarities between Kelley’s incidental music and the two subsequent film scores.
Sarah Bernhardt on Stage and Screen
Authors: Brooks Erin Michelle
Published: November 2013

Silent film accompaniment owes much to the musical practices of nineteenth-century theater. Yet if we are to fully acknowledge these debts, we must first embrace theater music as a complex entity in its own right. Analyzing the eclectic sixty-year career of legendary French actress Sarah Bernhardt (1844-1923) is one way to approach these connections between theater and film. Bernhardt employed a great deal of music in her theatrical performances, and by the early twentieth century embraced the new medium of film as well, appearing in a number of motion pictures. Drawing on scores, newspaper accounts, production materials, and advertisements, I examine how music for Bernhardt stage dramas such as Théodora, Cléopâtre, Phèdre, and La belle au bois dormant compares and contrasts with accompaniments for her silent films such as Camille, Queen Elizabeth, Jeanne Doré, and Les mères françaises. Through this case study, I hope to provide a more nuanced perspective of the historical lineage between nineteenth-century stage music and early cinema practice.
Mysteriosos Demystified
Authors: Plebuch Tobias
Published: November 2013

Musical topoi, such as religioso, battle, oriental etc., abound in generic silent film compositions (“photoplay music”) and catalogs of pieces for cinema musicians in the 1920s. As topoi are indeed useful to evoke meanings and to quickly produce a musical accompaniment for actions, they had been established in dramatic genres and program music long before film music became a profession after World War I. Misteriosos are a case in point to illustrate the formation and longevity of a musical topos from stage melodramas to sound films. When long feature films became mass entertainment and montage techniques advanced, cinema musicians had to develop new cataloging systems in order to gain control over a vast and rapidly growing repertoire of music suitable to accompany complex screen dramas at short notice. Accordingly, the catalogs grew increasingly complex and provided multidimensional taxonomies of nested categories by the end of the silent period.
Geraldo Horácio de Paula Souza, a China e a medicina chinesa, 1928-1943
Authors: Roland Maria Inês de França , Gianini Reinaldo José
Published: November 2013

Estuda-se a produção ensaística do médico Geraldo Horácio de Paula Souza em Eugenia e imigração (1928), e após viagem oficial ao Oriente, em Digressões sobre a medicina chinesa clássica (1942) e A sabedoria chinesa diante da ciência ocidental e a Escola Médica de Pequim (1943). Os documentos analisados por meio das matrizes conceituais de Carlo Ginzburg indicam uma mudança na visão do sanitarista sobre os chineses. Formado segundo o modelo de medicina experimental difundido pela Fundação Rockefeller, Paula Souza pautou sua prática profissional pelo rigor científico e valorização do registro imagético. Após sua viagem à China, a linha de pensamento defendida na juventude, de estagnação da civilização chinesa, mudou, diante daquilo que considerou capacidade modernizadora da China republicana.
Em prol do sacrifício do isolamento: lepra e filantropia na Argentina e no Brasil, 1930-1946
Authors: Leandro José Augusto
Published: November 2013

O Patronato de Leprosos, na Argentina, e a Federação das Sociedades de Assistência aos Lázaros e Defesa Contra a Lepra, no Brasil, foram instituições criadas com o objetivo de auxiliar doentes do mal de lázaro e suas famílias. Capitaneadas por mulheres da elite, as entidades, a despeito das singularidades dos seus contextos nacionais, agiram de maneira similar, ambas complementando as políticas de saúde direcionadas à lepra em seus respectivos países. Este artigo pretende demonstrar as semelhanças nas estratégias de atuação das duas instituições filantrópicas que, durante as décadas de 1930 e 1940, agiram em consonância com os médicos defensores do isolamento compulsório.
A epidemia de varíola e o medo da vacina em Goiás
Authors: Oliveira Eliézer Cardoso de
Published: November 2013

Analisa dois aspectos referentes à varíola em Goiás. Um se refere à reconstituição histórica dos principais surtos no estado, nos séculos XIX e nas três primeiras décadas do XX, focalizando o aumento dos surtos epidêmicos da doença como consequência da modernização dos meios de transportes e do crescimento demográfico. O outro centra-se na resistência da população goiana do século XIX à vacina antivariólica, que pode ser compreendida num quadro mais amplo de resistência às medidas civilizadoras implantadas pelo Estado em Goiás. Em termos metodológicos, o artigo considera a varíola evento hermenêutico, procurando situá-la na proposta de normatização higiênica pretendida pelos administradores públicos, então em choque com os valores e atitudes da população local.
Literatura e sofrimento: um olhar médico sobre a 'vida'
Authors: Lima Cleverton Barros de
Published: November 2013

Trata da abordagem estética do escritor e médico sergipano Ranulpho Prata, enfatizando as figurações sobre a vida em uma vertente católica do sofrimento no período da Primeira República. O artigo problematiza a ideia de sofrimento resignado que, vinculado à visão política do pensamento católico do Centro Dom Vital, era sugerido às camadas pobres da população brasileira. Essas eram identificadas na obra de Prata pelos imigrantes nortistas da capital federal e pelos habitantes do interior.
Contribuições do pensamento de Didier Fassin para uma análise crítica das políticas de saúde dirigidas a populações vulneráveis
Authors: Weintraub Ana Cecília Andrade de Moraes , Vasconcellos Maria da Penha Costa
Published: November 2013

Reflete sobre as contribuições dos últimos 14 anos de Didier Fassin em sua análise de questões apontadas pelo fenômeno migratório, sobretudo na França, no contexto contemporâneo. Sob sua perspectiva, torna-se fundamental compreender os usos políticos por trás do advento da 'razão humanitária' e do 'império do trauma', operadores fundamentais na sociedade atual para entender os sofrimentos causados por grandes e pequenas crises e o modo de ação das forças sociais a elas relacionadas. Retomando os conceitos foucaultianos de 'biopolítica' e 'biopoder', Fassin problematiza, criticamente, ações de ajuda e assistência aos 'indesejados' e seus modos de vida, marcados pela inscrição e desinscrição social por meio do corpo e do trauma.
Descontinuidades e ressurgências: entre o normal e o patológico na teoria do controle social
Authors: Almeida Francis Moraes de
Published: November 2013

Procura-se apontar ambiguidades e lacunas da distinção entre patologia e normalidade nos âmbitos social e individual que remontam a fins do século XIX e ressurgem de outra maneira contemporaneamente. Nas últimas décadas do século XIX, muitos autores aderiram à teoria da criminalidade atávica defendida pela antropologia criminal italiana, liderada por Lombroso. A chamada escola francesa critica o determinismo biológico italiano, seguindo por outra via, deixando a cargo das ciências 'psi' o que considera a dimensão individual da criminalidade. Aproveitando esse espaço a psiquiatria cria o 'psicopata', herdeiro do 'criminoso nato' em vários aspectos e aceito contemporaneamente como categoria psicopatológica. Nesse contexto, o estudo tem como foco o controle social envolvendo a distinção entre patologia e normalidade nos planos social e individual.
Adolphe Quetelet e a biopolítica como teologia secularizada
Authors: Pich Santiago
Published: November 2013

Resgata-se a obra de um autor esquecido pelas ciências sociais na contemporaneidade, o polímata belga Adolphe Quetelet. Com foco em sua principal obra, Sur l'homme et le développement de ses facultés, ou Essai de physique sociale, destaca-se a importância da secularização de princípios teológicos para o âmbito da ciência na construção da obra queteletiana. Interessa aqui o duplo engajamento científico-político de Quetelet, por ter ele sido o principal propulsor, no século XIX, da incorporação da estatística enquanto ciência fundamental para o governo da população pelo Estado. Indica-se também o relevante papel por ele representado para a realização do projeto político hegemônico da modernidade, a biopolítica, e sua influência nos séculos XIX e XX no campo da biomedicina.
New and revised inaniguttid Radiolaria and associated trilobites from the upper Darriwilian (Ordovician) Shundy Formation of Kazakhstan
Authors: Pouille Lauren , Danelian Taniel , Ghobadi Pour Mansoureh , Popov Leonid E.
Published: November 2013

Representatives of the family Inaniguttidae dominate a diverse and well-preserved radiolarian assemblage from Kazakhstan. The fauna was extracted from a limestone sample of the Shundy Formation, a limestone sequence that accumulated on the slope of a carbonate platform and which crops out in the Aksuran Mountains (North Balkhash Region). The family Inaniguttidae is represented in the studied assemblage by five genera and 14 species (including two new species,Triplococcus aksuranensisandInanibigutta maletzi). The genusTriplococcusis particularly abundant, representing half of the Inaniguttids in the studied assemblage. Based on the presence of speciesHaplentactinia juncta, the fauna can be correlated with the upper DarriwilianHaplentactinia juncta–Inanigutta unicaassemblage. Identified trilobites (Endymionia semiellipticaandPorterfieldiasp. aff.P. delicata) found in the same sample also suggest a late Darriwilian age, which agrees with the age suggested previously by graptolites.
Vertebrate microremains from the late Silurian of Arisaig, Nova Scotia, Canada
Authors: Burrow Carole J. , Turner Susan , Nowlan Godfrey S. , Denison Robert H.
Published: November 2013

Rare scales of agnathan thelodontsParalogania ludlowiensisandThelodussp. cf.T. parvidens, or alternativelyThelodus macintoshi, and acanthodian fishesNostolepis striata,Gomphonchussp.,Gomphonchoporussp. aff.G. hoppei, andMachaeraporus stonehousensis(Legault) n. gen., plus acanthodian fin spines, teeth and tooth whorls have been identified from the upper Moydart and Stonehouse formations near Arisaig, Nova Scotia. The assemblage agrees well with the late Silurian (uppermost Ludlow–Přídolí) age assigned to these strata based on invertebrate assemblages, and the vertebrate taxa show affinity with British and Baltic faunas of this age. All vertebrate-bearing strata were deposited in various positions off the western shores of the Avalonia terrane during or after its collision with Laurentia.
Unraveling species concepts for the Helicoprion tooth whorl
Authors: Tapanila Leif , Pruitt Jesse
Published: November 2013

The genus Helicoprion (Chondricthyes, Euchondrocephali) is preserved primarily by a continuous spiral root that forms the base for more than 130 teeth. Helicoprion is found globally in Lower Permian marine rocks and at least 100 specimens exist in public collections worldwide. Ten species of the genus are reviewed in the context of new morphometric analyses conducted on dozens of specimens. Helicoprion whorls share a common inner spiral geometry that results in exponential growth of tooth and root dimensions. Novel growth equations permit calculation of whorl diameter, volution number and tooth count from incomplete specimens. The results of meristic and geometric analyses identify taxobases that distinguish three emended species concepts. Differentiation of form is evident among specimens only after the second volution or roughly the 85th tooth. Helicoprion davisii has widely spaced, stout teeth with tall cutting surfaces and is distinguished from H. bessonowi, which has narrow, closely spaced teeth with short cutting surfaces. Helicoprion ergassaminon is an intermediate form, having narrow, closely spaced teeth with tall cutting surfaces. Several large specimens in the study are too dissimilar to place in the new emended species concepts.
New ridged, conical, fissiculate blastoid from the Permian of Timor
Authors: Sprinkle James , Waters Johnny A.
Published: November 2013

Permian rocks from the Indonesian island of Timor contain an abundant and diverse pelmatozoan echinoderm fauna that was extensively monographed in the first half of the twentieth century. Recent collections have produced specimens of Corrugatoblastus savilli, n. gen. n. sp., the first new genus of blastoid described from Timor in 70 years. Corrugatoblastus savilli is a ridged and furrowed, conical, fissiculate blastoid with a highly unusual thecal morphology mimicking a small, solitary, rugose coral. We have placed C. savilli in the Family Codasteridae, although it has several morphological features that are unique when compared to other genera in the family and to other blastoid genera regardless of familial assignment.
Late middle Cambrian (Cambrian Series 3) trilobite faunas from the lowermost part of the Sesong Formation, Korea and their correlation with North China
Authors: Park Tae-Yoon , Kihm Ji-Hoon , Choi Duck K.
Published: November 2013

The Sesong Formation is a member of the Taebaek Group, Korea, which extends from late Cambrian Series 3 to middle Furongian in age. Recent studies on the trilobites of the Sesong Formation have contributed significantly to the revision of the biostratigraphy. However, trilobites in the lower part of the formation, which may include the “StephanocareZone”, have remained essentially overlooked since the establishment of the biozone, making it difficult to correlate with the equivalent biozones of North China. Here we report trilobite faunas from the lower part of the Sesong Formation in two different sections, the Seokgaejae and the Jikdong sections, which yield two species ofJiulongshaniaamong other species. Species ofJiulongshaniahave been known to occur successively in North China, so are useful for detailed correlation. Specimens ofStephanocare richthofeniare fragmentary and rarely occur in association withJiulongshania regularis, whileJiulongshaniaspecies occur throughout the studied intervals. Accordingly, it is reasonable to extend the previously establishedJiulongshaniaZone of the uppermost part of the underlying Daegi Formation into the lower part of the Sesong Formation. By doing so, theJiulongshaniaZone is correlated with theBlackwelderiaZone of North China with confidence. The lowermost part of the Sesong Formation in the Jikdong section yields a fauna includingJ. regularis, which implies that the boundary between the Daegi and Sesong formations is diachronous within the Taebaeksan Basin. The Daegi/Sesong formation boundary in Korea is comparable to the Zhangxia/Gushan boundary in North China in that it displays an abrupt change from a carbonate-dominant facies to a shale-dominant facies. The correlation employing theJiulongshaniaspecies indicates that the facies shift occurred significantly earlier in Shandong, North China than in the Taebaeksan Basin, Korea.
Bilobomyrma new genus, a new extinct ant genus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from the late Eocene European ambers
Authors: Radchenko Alexander , Dlussky Gennady M.
Published: November 2013

A new fossil ant genus, Bilobomyrma new genus, and two new species are described based on males from the late Eocene Rovno (B. ukrainica n. sp.) and Baltic (B. baltica n. sp.) ambers. We tentatively place this genus in the myrmicine tribe Formicoxenini. Bilobomyrma is characterized by its 13-segmented antennae without an apical club; by the short scape, which is subequal to the length of the first and second funicular segments together; by the shape of the second funicular segment, which is distinctly longer than the any other funicular segment except for the apical one; by the presence of notauli on the scutum; by the absence of spurs on the middle and hind tibiae. At the same time, Bilobomyrma differs from other myrmicine genera by the peculiar shape of its clypeus, having a strongly incised medially, bilobed anterior margin, and its forewing venation: the wings have three closed cells—mcu, 1+2r and 3r; the cell 3r is very short, only twice as long as its width; the distal section of veins RS and M diverge from the cell 1+2r separately.
A new helcionelloid mollusk from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale, Canada
Authors: Conway Morris Simon , Peel John S.
Published: November 2013

Burgess Shale-type faunas provide unique insights into the Cambrian “explosion”. Their degree of representativeness of Cambrian marine life in general is, however, less easy to establish. One line of evidence is to consider only the skeletal component of a Burgess Shale-type fauna and compare that with a typical Cambrian assemblage. This paper describes a new species of helcionelloid mollusk (Totoralia reticulatan. sp.) from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia. Whilst much rarer than the co-occurring smooth shelled helcionelloidScenella amii, the strongly costate morphology ofTotoraliareinforces comparisons with Cambrian shelly faunas. The extension of the range ofTotoraliafrom Argentina to Canada adds support to the proposed derivation of the Precordillera terrane of Mendoza from Laurentia.
Gauged reactive confinement cell for determination of concrete triaxial properties
Authors: Sheridan A. James , Pullen Andrew D.
Published: November 2013

A simple experimental method for determining a set of triaxial properties for concrete and other geologically based materials such as rock and soil is described. The method involves the uniaxial loading of a cylindrical material specimen that is radially confined by a steel tube. The steel tube is lined to reduce friction and is externally strain gauged to determine axial and circumferential strains. Elastic thick-cylinder theory is then applied to determine the radial stresses and strains induced in the specimen during uniaxial loading. The specimen load conditions are approximately those of uniaxial strain, with lateral strains being two orders of magnitude lower than the axial strains. The test is capable of directly outputting pressure against volumetric strain and stress difference against mean effective stress in a form that, within a single test, is suitable for evaluation of the parameters for hydrocode material models that can be employed in military equipment performance assessments, where triaxial compressive stresses can be significantly greater than those typically resulting from structural service loads. This paper describes specimen preparation, the test set-up, the test process and associated data capture, the theory of the stress analysis and the application of the test data to simple hydrocode material models. A database of concrete, rock and soil properties has been generated using the gauged reactive confinement (GREAC) cell and the method has also been compared with the more traditional active confinement triaxial test method. The issues of strain rate are also addressed.
Evaluating Attitudes Toward Workplace Support for Breastfeeding Among Hospital Managers
Authors: Rojjanasrirat Wilaiporn , Ferrarello Debi Page
Published: November 2013

Background: Although the Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act has become a law, the enforcement provisions of the legislation are limited. Identifying attitudes and beliefs held by managerial roles may uncover barriers to breastfeeding support in the workplace and
guide International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs) who are designing workplace support programs.

Objective: The objectives were (a) to identify factors influencing managers’, service line directors’, and administrators’ attitudes about support for breastfeeding;
(b) to develop a BreastfeedingFriendly Workplace Initiative addressing the identified factors; and (c) to assess the effectiveness of the initiatives in changing employers’ attitudes about support for breastfeeding in the workplace.

Methods: This descriptive study was conducted
from November 2010 to January 2011 in an urban academic medical center. Self-report, pretest, and posttest questionnaires were used in a convenience sample of 49 supervisors, managers, administrators, and charge nurses.

Results: Following the implementation of the Breastfeeding-Friendly
Workplace program, the overall managers’ perceptions and attitudes toward providing breastfeeding support were positive. Posttest scores revealed that most people in managerial roles rated their intent, subjective norms, personal beliefs, and having control over providing support to breastfeeding
working women higher than the baseline mean scores.

Conclusions: Findings demonstrated that managers’ perceptions, beliefs, attitudes, and intention to support breastfeeding improved the implementation of the hospital breastfeedingsupport program. Future research is needed to evaluate
the effectiveness of the workplace lactation program on the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding among employed mothers.
Identifying and prioritizing forest patches key for the survival of the golden-headed lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysomelas)
Authors: Zeigler Sara L.
Published: November 2013

No abstract
Morphometric data from a wild female titi monkey, Callicebus cupreus
Authors: Heymann Eckhard W. , Yamacita Jenni G. Pérez , Müller Britta
Published: November 2013

No abstract
Connecting Health and Natural History: A Failed Initiative at the American Museum of Natural History, 1909–1922
Authors: Brown Julie K.
Published: November 2013

In 1909, curator Charles-Edward Winslow established a department of public health in New York City’s American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). Winslow introduced public health as a biological science that connected human health—the modern sciences of physiology, hygiene, and urban sanitation—to the natural history of plants and animals. This was the only time an American museum created a curatorial department devoted to public health. The AMNH’s Department of Public Health comprised a unique collection of live bacterial cultures—a “Living Museum”—and an innovative plan for 15 exhibits on various aspects of health. I show how Winslow, facing opposition from AMNH colleagues, gathered scientific experts and financial support, and explain the factors that made these developments seem desirable and possible. I finish with a discussion of how the Department of Public Health met an abrupt and “inglorious end” in 1922 despite the success of its collections and exhibitions.
Improving Read Performance with BP-DAGs for Storage-Efficient File Backup
Authors: Yang Tianming , Zhang Jing , Hao Ningbo
Published: November 2013

The continued growth of data and high-continuity of application have raised a critical and mounting demand on
storage-efficient and high-performance data protection. New technologies, especially the D2D (Disk-to-Disk) deduplication
storage are therefore getting wide attention both in academic and industry in the recent years. Existing deduplication
systems mainly rely on duplicate locality inside the backup workload to achieve high throughput but suffer
from read performance degrading under conditions of poor duplicate locality. This paper presents the design and performance
evaluation of a D2D-based de-duplication file backup system, which employs caching techniques to improve write
throughput while encoding files as graphs called BP-DAGs (Bi-pointer-based Directed Acyclic Graphs). BP-DAGs not
only satisfy the ‘unique’ chunk storing policy of de-duplication, but also help improve file read performance in case of
poor duplicate locality workloads. Evaluation results show that the system can achieve comparable read performance than
non de-duplication backup systems such as Bacula under representative workloads, and the metadata storage overhead for
BP-DAGs are reasonably low.