bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primeras evidencias psicométricas del Inventario de Pensamientos Automáticos (IPA) en universitarios peruanos
Authors:   , Gamarra Rodríguez Alejandra Gabriela , Vela Calixto Martha Fiorella
Published: January 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las primeras evidencias psicométricas del Inventario de Pensamientos Automáticos (IPA) de Ruiz y Lujan (1991). Participaron 556 jóvenes y adultos de universidades privadas de Lima Metropolitana; 215 varones y 341 mujeres entre 18 a 30 años (Media = 20,64; σ = 2,21); el diseño fue instrumental con muestreo no probabilístico de tipo intencional. Los resultados revelan que el IPA presenta ítems con contenido representativo y relevante; asimismo, la estructura interna obtenida a través del análisis factorial exploratorio reportó tres factores subyacentes (Catastrofismo, Externalidad, Egocentrismo). Su discrepancia con la versión original, señala la necesidad de renombrar los factores e ir hacia una nueva estructura interna del IPA, la misma que revela valores aceptables (.76 a .91). Se concluye que, el IPA debe ser interpretado de forma tridimensional; aunque es necesario un análisis factorial confirmatorio para corroborar estos resultados.
Centro de educación infantil en Paita
Authors:   , Alva Lesevic Daniela Cristina
Published: January 2022

Esta tesis plantea crear un Centro de Educación para niños de 2 a 12 años, donde la arquitectura forme parte del aprendizaje; es decir, que el espacio no solo sea un contenedor de las actividades educativas que se imparten, sino que forme parte de ellas, promoviéndolas y reforzándolas. Para esto se busca aprovechar la capacidad imaginativa de los niños acercándolos al aprendizaje a través del espacio. Es así, como el proyecto propone diversos escenarios que incentiven al educando a interactuar y transformar el espacio y los elementos que lo componen, reinterpretándolos a su voluntad; simulando el proceso de aprendizaje, al ejercitar la capacidad del alumno de comprender la realidad a través de la reinterpretación, tal como se plantea en la pedagogía moderna. Así pues, se trabajan con elementos sensoriales, la incorporación de la naturaleza, la constructividad espacial, la transparencia, el recorrido y sobretodo los intersticios, como zonas de encuentro que al no tener un
La economía latinoamericana durante las primeras décadas del siglo XXI
Authors: Bértola Luis , Ocampo José Antonio
Published: January 2022

Este artículo analiza inicialmente el desempeño de América Latina durante el ciclo económico largo que tuvo lugar entre 1998 y 2014, el cual combinó los efectos regionales de la crisis asiática con una fase de crecimiento impulsada por el superciclo de precios de productos básicos. Sin embargo, el periodo de expansión fue sucedido por un lustro de estancamiento económico, durante el cual se vieron debilitados los logros anteriores, aun antes de que irrumpiera la crisis de la Covid-19, con todas sus consecuencias negativas. Esto constata la persistencia de la vulnerabilidad económica de la región ante choques externos, así como las dificultades para mantener ritmos sostenidos de crecimiento asociados con procesos de cambio estructural que permitan acortar diferencias con los niveles de desarrollo de los países líderes y enfrentar los desafíos de la sostenibilidad ambiental. También se constata que, a pesar de los logros importantes en el plano del desarrollo social en el reciente ciclo de crecimiento, no se lograron quebrar las altas desigualdades estructurales que caracterizan a la región.
Constructing 1D/2D interwoven carbonous matrix to enable high-efficiency sulfur immobilization in Li-S battery
Authors: Ruan Jiafeng , Sun Hao , Song Yun , Pang Yuepeng , Yang Junhe , Sun Dalin , Zheng Shiyou
Published: January 2022

The lithium-sulfur battery is currently considered to be a promising candidate for next-generation energy storage devices. However, its commercial application is severely restricted by rapid capacity decay mainly arising from unavoidable dissolution of intermediate lithium polysulfide of the S-based cathodes. Herein, multifunctional stripped grapheme-carbon nanotubes (SG-CNT) with 1D/2D interwoven and hierarchical pore structure as a promising host to stabilize S was constructed by cheaper raw materials and a facile strategy. Based on comprehensive analysis, the interwoven network and hierarchical pores along with abundant oxidative functional groups in matrix provided large contact area with S, short transport pathway for electrons/Li-ions, sufficient space to accommodate volumetric change, and superior confinement ability for S/polysulfides, thus resulting in effectively stabilizing the S cathode with high S loading and increasing its utilization. Therefore, the S@SG-CNT cathodes exhibited a high reversible capacity of 1227 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1, excellent cyclability with a capacity of 773 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 0.2 A g-1, and ultra-long cycling performance with capacity decay less than 0.01% per cycle at 2 A g-1. This facile strategy and unique construction of superior performance cathode provide a new avenue for next commercial application.
Una obra para conmemorar el número 25 de la Revista Cabás
Authors: Álvarez Domínguez Pablo
Published: January 2022

En la obra han participado los siguientes AUTORES/AS, estudiosos del patrimonio histórico educativo y/o vinculados al mismo en diferentes sentidos: José Miguel Saiz, Gómez José Antonio González de la Torre, Pablo Álvarez Domínguez, María Victoria Cabieces Ibarrondo, Eulàlia Collelldemont Pujadas, Antón Costa Rico, Agustín Escolano Benito, Antonio David Galera Pérez, Juan González Ruiz, José María Hernández Díaz, Ángel Llano Díaz, José Ramón López Bausela, Bienvenido Martín Fraile, Alejandro Mayordomo Pérez, Gabriela Ossenbach Sauter y Sara Ramos Zamora.
La Revista Cabás, Premio Cossío, 2020
Authors: Álvarez Domínguez Pablo
Published: January 2022

La Revista Cabás, Patrimonio Histórico Educativo (http://revista.muesca.es/), editada por el CRIEME (Centro de Recursos, Interpretación y Estudios de la Escuela), de Polanco (Cantabria-España, ha sido galardonada con el Premio de Patrimonio Histórico Educativo “Manuel Bartolomé Cossío”, 2020, otorgado por la Sociedad Española para el Estudio del Patrimonio Histórico Educativo (SEPHE) https://sephe.org/premio-manuel-bartolome-cossio-2020-patrimonio-historico-educativo/.
Quantum Gravity Theory Founded on Device That Generates Energy from Relative Acceleration Amongst Charged Particles Electrostatically Interacting Under Curvature Deviation
Authors: Moss Samuel
Published: January 2022

This is an introduction to a new concept of quantum gravity that seamlessly merges General Relativity to the Standard Model. Based upon a novel patent-pending magnetic confinement method that was designed to emulate how our sun confines and rotates charged particles about a singularity; this confinement method uses a collective of off-centered confinement coils that are directed to curve rotating charged particles about a singularity in a way that allows charged particles to relatively accelerate from geodesic deviation. With this confinement method, the subtle Relative Accelerated Energy (RAE) from deviating charged particles has the capability to be focused and exponentially increased relative to the mass-energy of a closed system; which allows for a simple pathway to understand how black holes operate at their singularities. While in the pursuit of proving that this novel method of confinement mimics how our sun operates; I was also able to develop a logical explanation of how our sun reverses its magnetic poles and cycles using the core principles of Michael Faraday. If this concept of quantum gravity is correct, there is a simple explanation for the additional observed gravitational force about the galaxies that are said to obtain dark matter. In short, this theory of quantum gravity has the potential to fully discredit the existence of theorized dark matter with a simple experiment.
Inclusion and Withdrawal Criteria for Growth Hormone (GH) Therapy in Children with Idiopathic GH Deficiency—Towards Following the Evidence but Still with Unresolved Problems
Authors: Smyczyńska Joanna
Published: January 2022

According to current guidelines, growth hormone (GH) therapy is strongly recommended in children and adolescents with GH deficiency (GHD) in order to accelerate growth rate and attain normal adult height. The diagnosis of GHD requires demonstration of decreased GH secretion in stimulation tests, below the established threshold value. Currently, GHD in children is classified as secondary insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) deficiency. Most of children diagnosed with isolated GHD presents with normal GH secretion at the attainment of near-final height or even in mid-puberty. The most important clinical problems, related to the diagnosis of isolated GHD in children and to optimal duration of rhGH therapy include: arbitrary definition of subnormal GH peak in stimulation tests, disregarding factors influencing GH secretion, insufficient diagnostic accuracy and poor reproducibility of GH stimulation tests, discrepancies between spontaneous and stimulated GH secretion, clinical entity of neurosecretory dysfunction, discrepancies between IGF-1 concentrations and results of GH stimulation tests, significance of IGF-1 deficiency for the diagnosis of GHD, a need for validation IGF-1 reference ranges. Many of these issues have remained unresolved for 25 years or even longer. It seems that finding solutions to them should optimize diagnostics and therapy of children with short stature.
Jones Fracture: A Late Sequelae of Undercorrected or Recurrent Congenital Talipes Equinovarus
Authors: Schoenfeldt Theodore L , Altiok Haluk
Published: January 2022

Case:

We present 2 cases in which patients previously treated for congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) presented with residual cavovarus deformity and lateral foot pain and were found to have Jones fractures. Both patients were indicated for surgical correction of their residual cavovarus deformity, although neither elected to proceed. These 2 patients were treated conservatively for their fractures with cast immobilization. At the final follow-up, both were clinically and radiographically healed.

Conclusion:

Residual cavovarus foot deformities after the treatment of CTEV are at risk for proximal fifth metatarsal or Jones fractures. Although conservative management may lead to healing of these fractures, the underlying stresses persist after conservative management increasing the risk for recurrent fracture. Correction of the residual deformity should be the main goal.
Atraumatic Index Finger Flexor Tendon Rupture as a Presenting Sign of Capitate Osteonecrosis
Authors: Serra López Viviana M. , Koressel Joseph , Liu Stephen Y. , Steinberg David
Published: January 2022

Case:

We present 2 cases of spontaneous index finger (IF) flexor tendon ruptures because of previously undiagnosed osteonecrosis (OA) of the capitate. Imaging revealed fragmentation of the capitate, and patients were treated with excision or fixation of the bony fragments with tendon repair. At the final follow-up, both patients had functional digital range of motion.

Conclusions:

OA of the capitate is relatively rare and may present as atraumatic (IF) flexor tendon ruptures because of attritional wear when associated with bony fragmentation.
THE EFFECT OF CHICKEN FEET GELATIN TO CHARACTERISTIC OF JELLY CANDY
Authors: Miskiyah Miskiyah , Juniawati Juniawati , Oktafia Nur Afni , Batubara Siti Chairiyah
Published: January 2022

Jelly candy is a soft textured candy processed with hydrocolloid components such as gum, pectin, agar, starch, carrageenan, gelatin. These are used to modify the chewy texture. This study aimed was to determine the effect of the combination of chicken feet gelatin and agar on the quality of jelly candy. Processing of chicken feet gelatin jelly candy based on Caeccar et.al (2018) method by modification. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, five levels and three replications. The factors studied were the ratio of chicken feet gelatin and agar 80:20; 60:40; 40:60; 20:80; 0:100. Product quality characteristics observed in this study were water content, ash content, reducing sugar content, sucrose content, and organoleptic quality. The results showed that the combination of chicken feet gelatine and agar were significantly affected water, ash, reducing sucrose content. Jelly candy with a treatment combination of 80% chicken feet gelatine and 20% agar was the best treatment. The results of the analysis of the candy were water content of 11.02± 0.04%, ash content of 0.89± 0.00%, reducing sugar content of 10.83± 0.01%, sucrose content of 50.68± 0.28%. The organoleptic test results showed that chicken feet gelatine improved the texture and taste of jelly candy.
Extranjeros en el bicentenario
Authors: Guanipa Ramírez Luis
Published: January 2022

Estamos conmemorando 200 años de la independencia del Perú. En este ensayo presento, en primera persona, mi experiencia y la experiencia colectiva de algunos extranjeros en este momento histórico. Esta etapa de nuestra historia como nación se presenta como una oportunidad para celebrar y, asimismo, evaluar qué se ha hecho con la libertad alcanzada. La independencia no solo es un regalo de los libertadores, sino también una tarea para la generación presente y las futuras, responsables de construir una nueva cultura cívica y lograr así una segunda independencia. Evalúo las amenazas y oportunidades que se nos presentan en este año bicentenario. Como extranjero viviendo en el Perú, muestro el papel que hemos tenido en la primera independencia y los aportes que podemos realizar a la segunda independencia. Termino con una proyección de lo que esperamos del país más allá del bicentenario.
Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari. Perspectivas actuales de una filosofía vitalista de Patricio Landaeta y José Ezcurdia (eds.)
Authors: Ayala-Colqui Jesús
Published: January 2022

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Rebelión en el laboratorio.
Authors: Aguilar Tello Valeria
Published: January 2022

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Social Norms Diagnostic Tool: Young Women's Economic Justice
Authors: Davies Imogen , Parvez Butt Anam , Kidder Thalia , Cislaghi Ben
Published: January 2022

The tool’s methodology is rooted in a feminist and youth-led participatory action research approach to diagnosing social norms. It uses participatory and transformative methods to engage young people and other community members not just as research participants, but as agents of change identifying solutions to arising issues. The exercises recognize and examine unequal power inequalities through questions around who makes key decisions, whose opinions matter the most, who the most influential people are and the nature of their influence. hese exercises were developed for Oxfam’s Empower Youth for Work (EYW) programme for primary research from 2017-2019. This version of the tool was originally developed for use in the EYW programme in Bangladesh.
The Impact of the Global and Local Awareness Diffusion on Epidemic Transmission Considering the Heterogeneity of Individual Influences
Authors: Xu Haidong , Zhao Ye , Han Dun
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we propose a coupled awareness - epidemic spreading model considering the heterogeneity of individual influences, which aims to explore the interaction between awareness diffusion and epidemic transmission. The considered heterogeneity of individual influences are threefold: the heterogeneity of individual influences in the information layer, the heterogeneity of individual influences in the epidemic layer and the heterogeneity of individual behavioral responses to epidemics. In addition, the individuals' receptive preference for information and the impacts of individuals' perceived local awareness ratio and individuals' perceived epidemic severity on self-protective behavior are included. The epidemic threshold is theoretically established according to the microscopic Markov chain approach and mean-field approach. Results indicate that the critical local and global awareness ratios have two-stage effects on the epidemic threshold. Besides, either the heterogeneity of individual influences in the information layer or the strength of individuals' responses to epidemics can influence the epidemic threshold with a nonlinear way. However, the heterogeneity of individual influences in the epidemic layer has few effect on the epidemic threshold, but can affects the magnitude of the final infected density.
Transitional Periodic Patterns and Triple Attractors in a Predator-Prey System with Fear and Refuge
Authors: Garai Shilpa , Pati N. C. , Layek G. C. , Pal Nikhil
Published: January 2022

We report the existence of periodic structures in the transitional and chaotic regimes in bi-parameter spaces of a predator-prey system. A model is constructed taking into consideration of two important effects: namely, the prey refuge and fear of predation risk. The fixed points, their existence and stability behaviors are analyzed. The Neimark-Sacker bifurcation in the neighborhood of the interior fixed point is shown selecting refuge strength as a bifurcation parameter. The complex dynamical behaviors are explored in the biparameter space with the help of the largest Lyapunov exponent and isoperiodic diagrams. The period-bubbling transitional patterns, and triple heterogeneous attractors resulting in qualitative unpredictability are identified in the present system. The Wada basin sets for the triple coexisting attractors are found. The study reveals that the oscillations of the populations in certain control parameter regions are highly dependent upon the initial densities of the populations.
Error-related Signaling in Nucleus Accumbens D2 Receptor-expressing Neurons Guides Avoidance-based Goal-directed Behavior
Authors: Nishioka Tadaaki , Macpherson Tom , Hamaguchi Kosuke , Hikida Takatoshi
Published: January 2022

Learnt associations between environmental cues and the outcomes they predict (cue-outcome associations) play a major role in behavioral control, guiding not only which responses we should perform, but also which we should avoid, in order to achieve a specific goal. The encoding of such cue-outcome associations, as well as the performance of cue-guided goal-directed behavior, is thought to involve dopamine D1 and D2 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-/D2-MSNs) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Here, using a visual discrimination task in mice, we assessed the role of NAc D1-/D2-MSNs in cue-guided goal-directed avoidance of inappropriate responding. Cell-type specific neuronal silencing and in-vivo imaging revealed NAc D2-MSNs to selectively contribute to cue-guided avoidance behavior, with activation of NAc D2-MSNs following response error playing an important role in optimizing future goal-directed behavior. Our findings indicate that error-signaling by NAc D2-MSNs underlies the ability to use environmental cues to avoid inappropriate behavior.
Fuzzy Matrix Game: A Fast Approach using Artificial Hybrid Neural-Net Logic-Gate Switching Circuit
Authors: Bhaumik Ankan , Roy Sankar Kumar
Published: January 2022

Introducing neuro -fuzzy concept in decision making problems, makes a new way in artificial intelligence and expert systems. Sometimes, neural networks are used to optimize certain performances. In general, knowledge acquisition becomes difficult when problem's variables, constraints, environment, decision maker's attitude and complex behavior are encountered with. A sense of fuzziness prevails in these situations; sometimes numerically and sometimes linguistically. Neural networks (or neural nets) help to overcome this problem. Neural networks are explicitly and implicitly hyped to draw out fuzzy rules from numerical information and linguistic information. Logic-gate and switching circuit mobilize the fuzzy data in crisp environment and can be used in artificial neural network, also. Game theory has a tremendous scope in decision making; and consequently decision makers' hesitant characters play an important role in it. In this paper, a game situation is clarified under artificial neural network through logic-gate switching circuit in hesitant fuzzy environment with a suitable example; and this concept can be applied in future for real-life situations.
Demand-Driven Efforts to Stop Deforestation in Brazil's Soy Sector are Unlikely to be Offset by Cross-Border Leakage
Authors: Villoria Nelson , Garrett Rachael , Gollnow Florian , Carlson Kimberly
Published: January 2022

Supply chain policies that leverage the upstream market power of trading companies and importing countries offer great promise to address forest clearing1,2 in regions of rapid commodity expansion but weak forest governance3,4. Yet leakage—when deforestation is not eliminated but instead pushed to other regions—is a potentially major but unquantified factor that could dilute the global effectiveness of regionally successful supply chain policies5,6. We find substantial domestic leakage rates (43-50%) induced by zero deforestation policy implementation in Brazil’s soy sector, but insignificant cross-border leakage (<3%) due to the interdependence of soy production in the U.S. and Brazil. Currently implemented zero-deforestation policies in the Brazilian soy sector offset 0.9% of global and 4% of Brazilian deforestation from 2011-2016. However, completely eliminating deforestation from the supply chains of all firms exporting soy to the EU or China over the same period could have reduced global deforestation by 2% and Brazilian deforestation by 9%. If major tropical commodity importers adopt policies that require traders to eliminate deforestation from their supply chains, as currently proposed in the EU, it could help bend the curve on global forest loss.
Analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of Artificial Leather Embedding Combined with Fascial Sleeve Flap Transplantation on Chronic Wounds of Lower Limbs with Bone and Plate Exposure
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Zhi-bo , Liu Ji-song , Wu Zhu-min , Sun Xin-cheng , Zhao Yu-tin , Zhang Xiang-zhou
Published: January 2022

Background: After severe trauma of lower limbs, bone、tendon or plate graft exposure is common.The traditional repair method is to use a variety of skin flap transplantation to cover the exposed part, but the wound often can not heal after operation, or the wound is cracked, ulcer, sinus, bone and steel plate are exposed again after wound healing.The reason for this result is that when the flap is covered, the space around the bone plate is not well closed, forming a dead cavity, blood and exudate accumulation, hematoma formation or infection, and finally the wound ruptures again. In addition, due to the swelling and contracture of the flap after operation, the suture tension between the flap and the receiving area becomes larger, the skin becomes thinner and broken, and then the wound is formed. In order to solve the above problems, we carried out the study of artificial true skin embedding combined with fascial sleeve flap transplantation in the treatment of chronic bone plate exposed wounds of lower limbs.Methods: In this paper, 11 cases of chronic wounds with bone exposure and skin necrosis after steel plate implantation were selected. First stage is the wound bed preparation including primary wound expansion,removal of necrotic tissue and incision of sinus wall, removal of deep necrotic bone and fibrotic scarred skin on the outer wall of steel plate to normal tissue on the outer edge of the wound, removal of precipitated peptone and purulent fur in the hole, periphery and bone space of the steel plate, and removal of tendon tissue with basal necrosis and disintegration of the wound. After vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) 1~2 weeks, the peritraumatic basal granulation tissue grew well and there was no necrotic tissue in the wound. In the second stage, the exposed bone was covered with artificial dermis, the steel plate hole or the periphery and the basal space were filled, and the exposed steel plate was completely embedded, and then the fascia sleeve flap was transplanted to cover the wound. The sural neurovascular flap was performed in 9 cases and the lateral superior malleolar artery perforator flap in 2 case. Results: The flap survived well in all 11 cases. During the follow-up of 6 months to the removal of the plate, there was no case of rupture, exposure and sinus formation.Conclusions: Artificial dermal covering combined with fascial sleeve flap transplantation can effectively avoid wound dehiscence or sinus formation caused by foreign body retention, infection and flap contracture,It has good effect in repairing chronic wounds with bone plate exposure after severe trauma of lower limbs.
Optimal Vortex Pinning in YBa2Cu3O7-x Superconducting Films Up to Very High Magnetic Fields
Authors: Vallès Ferran , Palau Anna , Abraimov Dmytro , Jaroszynski Jan , Constantinescu Anca-Monia , Mundet Bernat , Obradors Xavier , Larbalestier David , Puig Teresa
Published: January 2022

The magnetic flux pinning capabilities of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) coated conductors (CCs) vary strongly between different regions of the magnetic field-temperature (H-T) diagram and with the orientation of the magnetic field (θ). Here, we determine the optimal pinning landscape for a given H-T region by investigating the critical current density Jc(H,θ,T) in the 5-77 K temperature range, from self-field to very high magnetic fields (35 T). Our systematic analysis reveals the best directions to target to artificially engineer CCs in any region of interest. In solution-derived nanocomposites, we identify the relevance of coexisting high amounts of short stacking faults, Cu-O vacancy clusters and segmentation of twin boundaries, in combination with nanoparticles, for enhanced pinning performance at very high magnetic fields and low temperatures. Moreover, we demonstrate that twin boundaries preserve a high pinning energy in thick YBCO films, which is beneficial for the pinning performance at high magnetic fields and high temperatures.
Evaluation of High Penetration Hybrid Laser-GMAW Welding Process Productivity Applied in the Joining of Thick Plates and Pipelines
Authors: Silva Rafael Gomes Nunes , Rodrigues Max Baranenko , Pereira Milton , Faes Koen
Published: January 2022

Welding processes are present in all sectors of the industry, highlighting the manufacturing industry of thick plates and pipelines. In these applications, welding processes have a major influence on costs, schedules, risk analysis and project feasibility. Conventional arc welding processes, such as the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process, have limitations when applied to high thickness joints due to their maximum achievable penetration depth. On the other hand, the laser beam welding (LBW) welding process, despite reaching high penetration depths, has several limitations mainly regarding the geometric tolerance of the joint. In this regard, the hybrid laser-arc welding (HLAW) process emerges as a promising bonding process, combining the advantages of the GMAW and LBW processes into a single melting pool. Despite the many operational and metallurgical advantages, the HLAW process presents a high complexity due to the high number of parameters involved and the interaction between the laser beam and the electric arc. The present work discusses the challenges involved in the parametrization of the HLAW process applied to the joining of thick plates and pipes, and empirically evaluated a comparison between the HLAW and GMAW processes, showing a reduction of operating time of approximately 40 times, and a reduction of consumption of shielding gas and filler material of approximately 20 times, evidencing the technical and financial contribution of the hybrid process.
DNA Methylation Profiles of Immune Cells From Tuberculosis-Exposed Individuals Overlap With BCG-Induced Epigenetic Changes
Authors: Pehrson Isabelle , Idh Nina , Braian Clara , Paues Jakob , Das Jyotirmoy , Lerm Maria
Published: January 2022

The mechanism of protection of the only approved tuberculosis (TB) vaccine, Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) is poorly understood. In recent years, epigenetic modifications induced by BCG have been demonstrated to reflect a state of trained immunity. The concept of trained immunity is now explored as a potential prevention strategy for a variety of infections. Studies on human TB immunity are dominated by those using peripheral blood as surrogate markers for immunity. Here, we instead studied the lung compartment by obtaining induced sputum from subjects included in a TB contact tracing. CD3- and HLA-DR-positive cells were isolated from the collected sputum and DNA methylome analyses performed. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed that DNA methylomes of cells from TB-exposed individuals and controls appeared as separate clusters, and the numerous genes that were differentially methylated were functionally connected. The enriched pathways were strongly correlated to previously reported epigenetic changes and trained immunity in immune cells exposed to the BCG vaccine in human and animal studies. We further demonstrated that similar pathways were epigenetically modified in human macrophages trained with BCG in vitro. Altogether, our study demonstrates that similar epigenetic changes are induced by M. tuberculosis and BCG.
Correlates of preschoolers’ screen time in China: parental factors
Authors: Wang Xinyao , Ye Sunyue
Published: January 2022

Background

With the advent of the electronic age, the long-term screen time (ST) of preschoolers in China is relatively high and is on the rise, which is likely to affect preschoolers’ physical and mental health. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing ST in preschoolers, especially the role of parental factors, and to provide a basis for the prevention, control, and intervention of ST in preschoolers in China.
Methods

A questionnaire was completed by the parents of 1,546 preschoolers from four kindergartens in Pinghu City, Zhejiang Province, China, and a logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlates of excessive ST in preschoolers.
Results

A total of 43.8% of preschoolers, of which 50.3% were boys and 49.7% were girls, had > 1 hour/day of ST. For older preschoolers, greater screen accessibility, greater frequency of eating in front of a screen, longer ST of parents, and unclear rules of screen behavior were the risk factors for ST being > 1 hour/day (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, the relationship between the ST of fathers and ST of preschoolers was still significant (P < 0.01), and the dose-effect relationship was observed (P < 0.001).
Conclusion

Prolonged parental ST (especially of fathers) and lack of rules for screen behavior of were independent risk factors for prolonged preschoolers’ ST in this study.
Development and Synergetic Evolution of the Water–energy–food Nexus System in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Liu Sijia , Zhao Liangshi
Published: January 2022

The water–energy–food nexus is a complex system which is especially difficult to achieve as a trade-off in resource-deficient areas. As an area where the shortage of water leads to water–energy–food conflict, investigating the evolution state and spatial characteristics of water–energy–food in the Yellow River Basin is essential for the resource management and sustainable development orientation of the region’s water–energy–food nexus system. This study proposed an integrated assessment framework by using synergy theory and the integrated index system method. The improved Lotka–Volterra symbiotic model was used to elucidate the development and synergy evolution status of the water–energy–food nexus system in prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin between 2004 and 2019. The results show that the development level of water and energy subsystems in the Yellow River Basin increased by 0.12 and 0.42 on average respectively, whereas that of the food subsystem only increased by approximately 0.004 on average compared to the initial year. Furthermore, most prefecture-level cities experienced subsystem degradation for one or two subsystems during the system evolution of the water–energy–food nexus. Based on the uniqueness and evolution process of each city, there are eight possibilities for system evolution and three types of feedback state between each pair of subsystems, which may lead to a certain spatial aggregation. Additionally, the interaction and competition states are more common than synergy states in the water–energy–food nexus system of the Yellow River Basin. This study provides an important basis and suggestions for the internal relationship and sustainable orientation of water–energy–food nexus systems in such water-deficient areas.
The Impact of High Carbohydrate Intake on Physical Frailty in Older Korean Adults: a Cohort-based Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yang Narae , Lee Yunhwan , Kim Mi Kyung , Kim Kirang
Published: January 2022

Background: The relationship between macronutrients and frailty is unclear. Previous studies have confirmed the relationships between energy and protein intake and physical frailty, while few studies have examined the role of carbohydrate or fat intake in the prevalence of frailty. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of energy and macronutrients with physical frailty in the Korean elderly population who had a high proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates.Methods: This study included 954 adults aged 70 to 84 years who have completed the assessment of frailty and 24-h recall upon enrolment in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study and have no extreme intake under 400 kcal (n = 2). The relationship between energy or macronutrients and frailty was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models and multivariate nutrient density models.Results: In the subjects with low energy intake (odds ratio [OR] = 2.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.34–6.45) and total subjects (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.03–3.93), consuming carbohydrates above the acceptable macronutrient distribution range (65% of energy) was related to a higher risk of frailty. Substituting the energy from fat with carbohydrates was related to a higher risk of frailty (1%, OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.00–1.09; 5%, OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.02–1.56; 10%, OR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.03–2.43).Conclusions: This study showed that the proportion of energy intake from carbohydrates and fats may be an important nutritional intervention factor for reducing the risk of frailty.
An Interval Type-2 Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Based, Artificial Pacemaker Design and Stability Analysis
Authors: Dabiri Asghar , Dabanloo Nader Jafarnia , Nooshiravan Fereidoun , Maghooli Keivan
Published: January 2022

This paper presents design and simulation of an Interval type-2 fuzzy system (IT2FS) based, Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system(ANFIS) pacemaker controller in MATLAB. After designing the type-1 fuzzy logic model, the stability of the designed system has been verified in the time-domain (unit step response). In previous works, type-1 (IT1FS) model step response was analyzed and compared with the other PID and Fuzzy models that only least-square-estimation and the backpropagation algorithms are used for tuning membership functions and generation of type-1 fis (fuzzy inference system) file, but at current work Fuzzy C Means (FCM) method that shows better results has been used. The pacemaker controller determines the pacing rate and adjusts the heart rate of the patient with respect to the reference input signal. The rise-time, overshoot and settling-time have been improved significantly.
Effectiveness of Physiotherapy to Promote Motor Recovery in Individuals with Stroke: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Zhang Shehong , Xie Hongyu , Wang Chuanjie , Wu Fengfeng , Wang Xin
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Motor function is essential in our daily lives, one of the most common impairments caused by stroke is loss of functional movement. Over 70% of stroke survivors have motor or other neurological functional disabilities. However, rehabilitation of motor function suffered from a stroke can be rather difficult due to the complexity of organs and systems related to motor function, as well as the neural system that supported motor function. In particularly, previous evidence for the effectiveness of physiotherapy, a commonly prescribed intervention method for people with stroke, that recover motor function in people following a stroke is varied and limited in the chronic rehabilitation phase and therefore has never been reviewed systematically. With the progress of study in neurology and the development of novel tools for rehabilitation, results from more and more clinical trials are now available, thus here justifying conducting a systematic review. Methods and analysis: This systematic review protocol is developed in accordance with the methodology recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols, as well as the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Relevant studies will be identified by searching the databases. We will perform searches for relevant studies in databases, including PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science, Physiotherapy Evidence Database and Cochrane Library databases. The reference lists of included articles and reviews will be searched manually. The date range parameters used in searching all databases will be restricted between January 2001 and January 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published will be included. The language used in the articles included was restricted to English. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions) approach will be used to systematically appraise the quality of methodology. We will assess the risk of bias of the RCTs included using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and provide a qualitative synthesis. After that, we will consider conducting a meta-analysis if the final data across outcomes shows sufficient homogeneity. Ethics and dissemination: No ethical approval is needed as the proposed study does not involve the collection of primary data, and the results of this review will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. Trial registration number: CRD42021267069.
Range Shifts of Overwintering Birds Depend on Habitat Type, Snow Conditions and Habitat Specialization
Authors: Bosco Laura , Xu Yanjie , Deshpande Purabi , Lehikoinen Aleksi
Published: January 2022

Climatic warming is forcing numerous species to shift their ranges poleward, which has been demonstrated for many taxa across the globe. Yet, the influence of habitat types on within- and among-species variations of distribution shifts has rarely been studied, especially so for the non-breeding season. Here, we investigated habitat specific shift distances of northern range margins and directions of the center of gravity based on a long-term dataset of overwintering birds in Finland. Specifically, we explored influences of habitat type, snow cover depths, species’ climatic niche and habitat specialization on range shifts from 1980’s to 2010’s in 81 bird species. Birds overwintering in farmlands shifted significantly more often northwards than birds of the same species in rural and forest habitats, while the northern range margin shift distances did not significantly differ among the habitat types. Snow cover was negatively associated with the eastward shift direction across all habitats, while we found habitat specific relations to snow cover with northward shift directions and northern range margins shift distances. Species with stronger habitat specializations shifted more strongly towards north as compared to generalist species, whereas the climatic niche of bird species only marginally correlated with range shifts, so that cold-dwelling species shifted longer distances and more clearly eastwards. Our study reveals habitat specific patterns linked to snow conditions for overwintering boreal birds and highlights importance of habitat availability and preference in climate driven range shifts.
Predictors of In-Hospital Mortality in Stroke Patients
Authors: Ranasinghe Vindya Shalini , Pathirage Manoji , Gawarammana Indika Bandara
Published: January 2022

Background: In-hospital mortality is a good indicator to assess the efficacy of stroke care. Identifying the predictors of in-hospital mortality is important to advance the stroke outcome and plan the future strategies of stroke management. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary referral center in Sri Lanka to identify the possible predictors of in-hospital mortality. The study included 246 confirmed stroke patients. The diagnosis of stroke was established on the clinical history, examination and neuroimaging. The differentiation of stroke in to haemorrhagic type and ischaemic type was based on the results of computed tomography. In all patients, demographic data, comorbidities, clinical signs (pulse rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, on admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score) and imaging findings were recorded. Serum electrolyte test was performed in all stroke patients and hyponatremia was defined as serum Na+ less than 131mmol/l. All patients were followed up throughout their hospital course and the in-hospital mortality was recorded. In hospital mortality was defined as the deaths which occurred due to stroke after 24 hours of hospital admission. Results: The incidence of in-hospital mortality was 11.7% (95% confidence interval 8-16.4). The mean day of in-hospital deaths to occur was 5.9 days (SD±3.8 Min 2 Max 20). According to multivariate logistic regression analysis on admission GCS score (Odds Ratio (OR)-0.71) and haemorrhagic stroke type (OR-5.12) predict the in-hospital mortality. The area under the curve of receiver operating curve drawn for the on admission GCS score was 0.78 with a sensitivity of 96.31% and specificity of 41.38% for a patient presented with the GCS score of <10. Conclusion: On admission GCS and haemorrhagic stroke are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Patients with on admission GCS <10 have a moderate predictive ability in predicting the in-hospital mortality. Thus, a special attention should be given to the patients with low GCS score and haemorrhagic strokes for reducing rates of in-hospital mortality.
Self-Management Behaviours and Change in Frailty Status among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A National Longitudinal Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: To Thi Lien , Kuo Ching-Pyng , Yeh Chih-Jung , Liao Wen-Chun , Lee Meng-Chih
Published: January 2022

Background: Frailty in older adults is a common geriatric syndrome that can be reversed, thus coping strategies for the aging population are essential. Self-management behaviours may represent cost-effective strategies to reverse physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults. This study aimed to describe the changes in frailty status among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan and investigate the association of self-management behaviours with changes in frailty status over a four-year follow-up period (2007 to 2011).Methods: This data was retrieved from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study of Aging (TLSA), which is a prospective cohort study of 1,283 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older without cognitive impairment. Frailty was assessed based on Fried's frailty phenotype, in which ≥ three criteria indicate frail. Self-management behaviours (maintaining body weight, quitting smoking, drinking less, exercising, diet control, and maintaining a regular lifestyle) were assessed using a questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between self-management behaviours and changes in frailty status.Results: The prevalence of frailty was 8.7% at baseline and 8.1% after four years of follow-up, with 196 (15.3%) deaths. Overall, 74.6% of participants remained in the same state (non-frail or frail), 23.5% worsened (non-frail to frail, including missing data, and frail to death), and only 1.95% improved (frail to non-frail). Being aged ≥ 75-years-old, chronic diseases, and an absence of self-management behaviours were associated with higher risks of frailty at baseline and after follow-up. Exercise was significantly associated with a reversal of frailty in community-dwelling older adults (RR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.95, 4.95) after adjusting for personal and disease covariates, regardless of whether death was coded as frail or not.Conclusions: Self-management behaviours beneficially reverse frailty status; maintaining regular exercise was especially associated with a reversal of frailty in community-dwelling older adults, even among individuals over 75-years-old and with chronic diseases. Older adults should be encouraged to perform adequate physical exercise to prevent the progression of frailty and ameliorate frailty status.
Inhibition of Voltage-Gated Hv1 Alleviates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation via Regulation of Microglial Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Sun Lingbin , Wang Xihua , Guan Shuyuan , LUO TAO
Published: January 2022

Background
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the onset and advancement of cognitive loss and neurodegenerative disorders. The voltage-gated H channel (Hv1) has been reported to be involved in microglial activation and act as key drivers of neuroinflammation. This study aims at evaluating the mechanism of Hv1 involvement in neuroinflammation and the therapeutic potential of Hv1 inhibitor, 2-guanidinobenzimidazole (2-GBI), in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation.
Methods
We investigated the influence of Hv1 inhibitor (2-GBI) on the generation of reactive oxidative species (ROS), metabolic reprogramming, and inflammatory mediators in vitro and examined the therapeutic potential of 2-GBI on microglial activation and hippocampal neuroinflammation in vivo. Novel object recognition and Y-maze were employed to assess cognitive function.
Results
2-GBI reduced the LPS-induced proinflammatory response and aerobic glycolysis in microglia. HIF1α overexpression mediated aerobic glycolysis reprogramming alleviated by 2-GBI. We reported that Hv1 inhibitor exerted a protective effect on LPS-induced neuroinflammation through the ROS/HIF1α and PI3K/AKT/HIF1α pathways -mediated aerobic glycolysis. The cell death of PC12 induced by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation was reversed in a transwell co-culture system by 2-GBI. Furthermore, in vivo results suggested that 2-GBI mitigated the neuroinflammatory processes and recognition injury through regulation of microglial metabolic reprogramming.
Conclusion
2-GBI protects LPS-induced neuroinflammation, neuronal cell death, and subsequently reverses the hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits through regulation of microglial metabolic reprogramming. Taken together, these results demonstrate a key role for Hv1 in driving a pro-inflammatory microglia phenotype in neuroinflammation.