bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phonetically natural rules benefit from a learning bias: a re-examination of vowel harmony and disharmony
Authors: Martin Alexander , Peperkamp Sharon
Published: April 2020

Substance-based phonological theories predict that a preference for phonetically natural rules (those which reflect constraints on speech production and perception) is encoded in synchronic grammars, and translates into learning biases. Some previous work has shown evidence for such biases, but methodological concerns with these studies mean that the question warrants further investigation. We revisit this issue by focusing on the learning of palatal vowel harmony (phonetically natural) compared to disharmony (phonetically unnatural). In addition, we investigate the role of memory consolidation during sleep on rule learning. We use an artificial language learning paradigm with two test phases separated by twelve hours. We observe a robust effect of phonetic naturalness: vowel harmony is learned better than vowel disharmony. For both rules, performance remains stable after twelve hours, regardless of the presence or absence of sleep.
Incongruencies between phonological theory and phonetic measurement
Authors: Mücke Doris , Hermes Anne , Tilsen Sam
Published: April 2020

To assess a phonological theory, we often compare its predictions to phonetic observations. This can be complicated, however, because it requires a theoretical model that maps from phonological representations to articulatory and acoustic observations. In this study we are concerned with the question of how phonetic observations are interpreted in relation to phonological theories. Specifically, we argue that deviations of observations from theoretical predictions do not necessitate the rejection of the theoretical assumptions. We critically discuss the problem of overinterpretation of phonetic measures by using syllable coordination for different speaker groups within Articulatory Phonology. It is shown that surface variation can be explained without necessitating substantial revision of the underlying phonological theory. These results are discussed with respect to two types of interpretational errors in the literature. The first involves the proliferation of phonological categories in order to accommodate variation, and the second the rejection of a phonological theory because the model which generates its predictions is overly simplified.
Context-dependency in the Cognitive Bias Task and Resting-state Functional Connectivity of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Panikratova Yana , Dobrushina Olga , Tomyshev Alexander , Akhutina Tatiana , Pechenkova Ekaterina , Sinitsyn Valentin , Vlasova Roza
Published: April 2020

Objective:

Goldberg, the author of the “novelty-routinization” framework, suggested a new pair of cognitive styles for agent-centered decision-making (DM), context-dependency/independency (CD/CI), quantified by the Cognitive Bias Task (CBT) and supposedly reflecting functional brain hemispheric specialization. To date, there are only three lesion and activation neuroimaging studies on the CBT with the largest sample of 12 participants. The present study is the first to analyze whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), involved in contextual agent-centered DM.

Method:

We compared whole-brain resting-state FC of the DLPFC between CD (n= 24) and CI (n= 22) healthy participants. Additionally, we investigated associations between CD/CI and different aspects of executive functions.

Results:

CD participants had stronger positive FC of the DLPFC with motor and visual regions; FC of the left DLPFC was more extensive. CI participants had stronger positive FC of the left DLPFC with right prefrontal and parietal-occipital areas and of the left and right DLPFC with ipsilateral cerebellar hemispheres. No sex differences were found. CD/CI had nonlinear associations with working memory.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that CD and CI are associated with different patterns of DLPFC FC. While CD is associated with FC between DLPFC and areas presumably involved in storing representations of current situation, CI is more likely to be associated with FC between DLPFC and right-lateralized associative regions, probably involved in the inhibition of the CD response and switching from processing of incoming perceptual information to creation of original response strategies.
Diagnostik und Therapie der Akuten Myeloischen Leukämie
Authors: Medinger Michael , Heim Dominik , Halter Jörg P. , Lengerke Claudia , Passweg Jakob R.
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Akute Myeloische Leukämie ist eine biologisch komplexe und molekular und klinisch heterogene Erkrankung, deren Inzidenz mit dem Alter zunimmt. Zytogentische Anomalien und die Mutations-Testung sind wichtige prognostische Tools, um die Therapie nach der Induktions-Therapie zu steuern. Obwohl es deutliche Fortschritte im Verständnis der genetischen Veränderungen und deren Einfluss auf die Pathophysiologie und Biologie der Erkrankung gibt; und der Entwicklung neuer Medikamente; hat sich die Standard-Therapie in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten nur wenig verändert. Die allogene hämatopoietische Stammzell-Transplantation bietet die beste Chance auf Heilung. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über die Diagnostik und Therapie der AML.
Akute Lymphoblastische Leukämie – Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Medinger Michael , Heim Dominik , Lengerke Claudia , Halter Jörg P. , Passweg Jakob R.
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Akute Lymphoblastische Leukämie (ALL) ist eine seltene maligne, hämatologische Erkrankung. Der Häufigkeitsgipfel liegt im Kindesalter und ist im Erwachsenenalter selten; was eine Therapie in qualifizierten Zentren unabdingbar macht. Das klinische Bild der ALL ist charakterisiert durch die Proliferation und Akkumulation maligner unreifer lymphatischer Blasten in Knochenmark, Blut, lymphatischem und nicht-lymphatischem Gewebe. Unbehandelt führt die Erkrankung innerhalb weniger Monate zum Tod. Die ALL ist eine sehr heterogene Erkrankung. Die Prognose wird bestimmt durch den Immunphänotyp, Zytogenetik und molekulare Marker, welche Einfluss auf die therapeutische Strategie und Therapieintensität haben. Das Ziel der Therapie bei jungen Patienten ist kurativ. Patienten sollten nach internationalen Studien-Gruppen Protokollen behandelt werden. Das Gesamtüberleben hat sich im letzten Jahrzehnt verbessert; was auch mit der Einführung neuer «targeted drugs» zusammenhängt. Zusätzlich gab es neue Entwicklungen zur Bestimmung der minimalen / messbaren Resterkrankung (MRD), welche einen starken Einfluss auf die Entscheidung zur allogenen hämatopoietischen Stammzell-Transplantation hat.
Hernienchirurgie beim Risiko-Patienten
Authors: Stieger Claudia , Metzger Jürg
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Diagnosestellung und die entsprechende Auswahl der richtigen operativen Therapie ist beim gesunden Hernien-Patienten bereits eine Herausforderung und wird gemäss internationalen Herniengesellschaften mit dem «patient-tailored approach» klar strukturiert. Beim kranken Hernien-Patienten ist die Herausforderung noch grösser, insbesondere da viele andere medizinische Aspekte in die therapeutische Entscheidung mit einfliessen. Der folgende Artikel soll eine Übersicht der zu beachtenden therapierelevanten Nebendiagnosen bieten.
Sinn und Unsinn von Systemen zum Monitoring von Suchtbehandlung – Nationale und internationale Erfahrungen
Authors: Simon Roland
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Monitoringsysteme für die Behandlung von Substanzbezogenen Störungen (MfS) werden eingesetzt, um den Gesundheitszustand der Zielgruppe, Interventionen und deren Ergebnisse zu erfassen. Die Entwicklung der bestehenden Systeme, Möglichkeiten und Probleme werden untersucht. Methodik: Da MfS selten Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Publikationen sind, wurden, ausgehend von zentralen Publikationen des European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), der Pompidou-Gruppe und der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) / United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) relevante Publikationen gesucht. Diese sind, zusammen mit der langjährigen Erfahrung in deutschen und europäischen MfS, Grundlage der Darstellung. Ergebnisse: Ähnliche Bedingungen und ein regelmäßiger Austausch haben zu Gemeinsamkeiten bei nationalen und internationalen MfS geführt. Zentrale Merkmale sind: eine Vielzahl beteiligter Akteure aus Versorgung, Finanzierung, Wissenschaft, Technik und Administration; Themenfelder: Verfügbarkeit und Zugang, Effektivität und Effizienz, Akzeptanz und Nutzung von Behandlung; Erhebungseinheiten: Klient, Therapeut, Einrichtung, Behandlung und Ergebnisse. Daten aus der Routineerhebung werden in meist anonymisierter Form regelmäßig zusammengeführt und berichtet. Zentrale Ziele sind dabei die Erkennung von Trends und Veränderungen, Abschätzung von Bedarf und Rückmeldung über die Effekte von Interventionen. Als kritisch erwiesen sich die Repräsentativität der Stichproben, nicht zu kontrollierende Einflussfaktoren und Probleme der Vergleichbarkeit zwischen Regionen, Teilgruppen und über die Zeit. Schlussfolgerungen: MfS sollten trotz methodischer Probleme und Einschränkungen weiter verwendet werden, da Informationen zu Behandlungsbedarf, Durchführung und Ergebnissen von Interventionen im Bereich der Suchthilfe zeitnah notwendig sind und alternative Datenquellen fehlen. Eine klarere Zielsetzung und bessere Konzeption, langfristige Perspektiven, Unabhängigkeit und Qualitätssicherung, eine kritische Interpretation der Ergebnisse und eine bessere Verknüpfung zwischen MfS, anderen Datenquellen und wissenschaftlicher Forschung könnten Wert und Bedeutung von MfS deutlich erhöhen.
Zur Validität subjektiver Patientenangaben: Anmerkungen zur Beschwerdenvalidierung
Authors: Nübling Rüdiger , Henn Jessica , Kaiser Udo , Schmidt Jürgen , Bassler Markus
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Psychometrie auf der Basis subjektiver Patientenangaben ist ein zentraler Pfeiler der psychologischen Forschung, insbesondere auch der Psychotherapie- und Rehabilitationsforschung. Seit es psychometrische Messungen gibt, wird deren Validität kritisch hinterfragt. Unter dem Stichwort Beschwerdenvalidierung (BV) wurden Instrumente entwickelt, die gezielt die Validität der vom Patienten oder von der Patientin beschriebenen Beschwerden prüfen sollen. Anhand einer großen Patientenstichprobe ( n = 9808) einer Routinedokumentation zweier psychosomatischer Rehabilitationskliniken unter Trägerschaft einer regionalen Rentenversicherung wird untersucht, inwieweit Verfahren der BV, hier der SFSS, zur Identifizierung von verzerrenden Patientenangaben geeignet sind. Hierzu werden sie u. a. mit den Diagnosen der behandelnden Ärzt_innen / Psychotherapeut_innen sowie den zeitgleich erfassten Depressionsscores (v. a. BDI-II) verglichen. Insgesamt zeigte sich, dass das hier geprüfte BV-Verfahren eine hohe Korrelation mit der fremd- und selbsteingeschätzten Depressivität aufweist. Abschließend wird die Frage diskutiert, welcher der beiden Ansätze, welche die subjektive Patientenmeinung sehr unterschiedlich bewerten, der validere zu sein scheint.
Seelische Gesundheit und berufliche Teilhabe: Die Bedeutung psychosomatischer Rehabilitation im Versorgungssystem
Authors: Kessemeier Franziska , Gündel Harald , Wietersheim Jörn von , Hölzer Michael , Rothermund Eva
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Erhaltung und Wiederherstellung von (psychischer) Gesundheit und Arbeitsfähigkeit ist im Interesse zahlreicher Akteure in Betrieben, Sozialversicherungen und Kliniken. Die psychosomatische Rehabilitation kann als eine wesentliche Säule der Versorgung psychisch erkrankter Menschen in Deutschland gesehen werden. Eine verbesserte Vernetzung der Leistungserbringer und die Schließung bestehender Versorgungslücken können vermutlich zu einer effizienteren, nachhaltigeren und insgesamt verbesserten Versorgung psychisch erkrankter Menschen beitragen. Der Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über arbeitsbezogene Diagnostik im Rahmen psychosomatischer Rehabilitation. Fragebögen zur Abbildung arbeitsbezogener Belastungen und zur Aufdeckung eines arbeitsbezogenen Behandlungsbedarfs werden vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden Leistungen verschiedener Bereiche des Versorgungssystems dargestellt und deren Nutzen für die psychosomatische Rehabilitation verdeutlicht. Ausgewählte Interventionen sind nach ihrem zeitlichen Greifen in der Versorgung psychisch erkrankter Menschen dargestellt: Präventive Angebote im Setting Betrieb (Stress-Management-Interventionen und Psychosomatische Sprechstunde im Betrieb), arbeitsbezogene Psychotherapie, medizinisch-beruflich orientierte Rehabilitation sowie verschiedene Nachsorgeangebote und zur besonderen Vernetzung der verschiedenen Angebote der Einsatz von Fallmanagement. In dem Artikel wird die Bandbreite an Einflussfaktoren, die an der Erhaltung und Wiederherstellung der Erwerbsfähigkeit mitwirken, verdeutlicht. Möglichkeiten und Potenziale, einen Arbeitsbezug in Diagnostik und Therapie umzusetzen und verschiedene Leistungen innerhalb und außerhalb der psychosomatischen Rehabilitation besser zu vernetzen werden vorgestellt.
Unerwartete postoperative Diagnose eines Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinoms
Authors: Litzel Martin , Henzen Christoph , Fourie Lana , Fischli Stefan
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinome sind seltene endokrine Tumoren. Die klinischen, biochemischen und radiologischen Befunde überschneiden sich weitgehend mit denen eines primären Hyperparathyreoidismus. Entsprechend ist eine präoperative Diagnosestellung herausfordernd. Wir schildern den Fall eines 67-jährigen Patienten mit unerwarteter Diagnose eines Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinoms bei der operativen Therapie eines primären Hyperparathyreoidismus. Spezifische Kriterien für die präoperative Diagnose von Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinomen existieren derzeit nicht. Die Entstehung von Nebenschilddrüsenkarzinomen ist häufig auf die Mutation eines Tumorsuppressorgens zurückzuführen. Die Kenntnis des Mutationsstatus und der Familienanamnese ist somit wesentlich. Die erfolgreiche Therapie hängt primär von der vollständigen chirurgischen Resektion des malignen Nebenschilddrüsengewebes ab.
Polymyalgia rheumatica und Riesenzellarteriitis – Update zu Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Becker Mike
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) ist ein häufiges inflammatorisches Syndrom, welches zusammen mit einer Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA) auftreten kann. Die besondere Schwierigkeit besteht bei der PMR oft in der Diagnosestellung bei nur unspezifischen Symptomen und vielen Differenzialdiagnosen. Der Ultraschall, aber auch weitere bildgebende Verfahren haben die Diagnostik für PMR und RZA deutlich verbessert und beschleunigt, sodass Komplikationen wie Erblindung reduziert werden können. Glukokortikoide spielen immer noch eine wichtige Rolle bei der Primärtherapie beider Erkrankungen. Obwohl hinsichtlich der Prävention von und des Screenings auf Langzeitkomplikationen bei RZA weitere Forschung notwendig ist, hat der effektive Einsatz von Biologika wie Tocilizumab die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der RZA deutlich erweitert und erlaubt eine Reduktion von Nebenwirkungen.
Nutzung, Validität, Praktikabilität und Akzeptanz psychologischer Personalauswahlverfahren in Deutschland 1985, 1993, 2007, 2020
Authors: Armoneit Corina , Schuler Heinz , Hell Benedikt
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Diese Studie ist Teil einer seit 1985 etwa alle 10 Jahre durchgeführten Trendstudie zur Nutzung und Bewertung von Personalauswahlverfahren in Deutschland. Im Zuge der aktuellen Studie wurden 140 Unternehmen zur Nutzungshäufigkeit und zur Einschätzung der Validität, Praktikabilität und Akzeptanz befragt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass vermehrt online-basierte Personalauswahlverfahren genutzt werden. Zudem setzt sich der Trend zur Nutzung strukturierter und valider Personalauswahlverfahren fort. Die Nutzungswahrscheinlichkeit eines Verfahrens kovariiert am stärksten mit der eingeschätzten Validität, gefolgt von Praktikabilitätsbeurteilungen der Anwendenden und deren Einschätzung hinsichtlich der Akzeptanz seitens der Bewerbenden. Ein Vergleich mit einschlägigen Metaanalysen verdeutlicht, dass Unternehmen Leistungstests bezüglich ihrer Validität weiter unter- und Assessment Center überschätzen. Die Validität der anderen untersuchten Personalauswahlverfahren wird hingegen, ebenso wie die Akzeptanz, korrekt eingeschätzt.
Eine Vision für die Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie
Authors: Seiler Roland
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Es ist ein gutes Zeichen, die zukünftige Ausrichtung der Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie und in diesem Kontext auch die zukünftige Sprache zu diskutieren. In diesem Beitrag liegt der Fokus auf den Entwicklungen der letzten rund vierzig Jahre. Während in den achtziger und neunziger Jahren die deutschsprachige Sportpsychologie kaum englischsprachigen Beiträge erzeugte, hat sich das Bild im neuen Jahrtausend geändert, allerdings auch im Zuge einer allgemeinen Zunahme der Veröffentlichungen und der Zahl der einschlägigen Fachzeitschriften. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden die Chancen und Risiken eines Wechsels auf Englisch als Hauptsprache diskutiert. In der Quintessenz wird eine weiterhin deutschsprachige Zeitschrift empfohlen, die vor allem die Übertragung von Forschungsergebnissen in die Praxis der in verschiedenen Sportfeldern angewandt tägigen Sportpsychologinnen und Sportpsychologen in den Mittelpunkt stellt.
Das Vorleseverhalten von Eltern mit Kindern in den ersten drei Lebensjahren in Zusammenhang mit familiärer Lernumwelt und Sprachentwicklung
Authors: Wirth Astrid , Ehmig Simone C. , Heymann Lukas , Niklas Frank
Published: April 2020

Zusammenfassung. Während die Bedeutung frühen Vorlesens für die weitere Entwicklung von Kindern bereits in vielen Forschungsarbeiten nachgewiesen wurde, fehlen aktuelle Daten zum Vorleseverhalten von Eltern mit Kindern unter 3 Jahren. Ziel der Studie war daher eine repräsentative Erhebung und deskriptive Beschreibung der Vorleselandschaft in Deutschland, von Familien mit Kindern im Alter von 3 bis 39 Monaten. In face-to-face Interviews mit Eltern ( N = 523) wurden Einstellungen zum Vorlesen, Vorlesebeginn und -häufigkeit, Home Literacy Environment (HLE), Angaben zum Sprachstand des Kindes und der demografische Hintergrund erfasst. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass 79.0 % ( n = 413) der Eltern ihrem Kind in den ersten drei Jahren vorlesen und im Durchschnitt damit beginnen, wenn das Kind 10 Monate alt ist ( M = 9.90, SD = 6.67). Vorlesende und nicht-vorlesende Eltern unterscheiden sich in dieser Stichprobe signifikant hinsichtlich ihres Bildungs- und Migrationshintergrunds, der Häufigkeit weiterer Alltagsaktivitäten mit ihrem Kind sowie in ihren Ansichten zum Einfluss des Vorlesens und Sprechens mit Kindern auf deren weitere Entwicklung. Es zeigen sich signifikante Zusammenhänge zwischen der HLE, der Vorlesehäufigkeit und dem Sprachstand des Kindes. Implikationen der Studie für die frühkindliche Leseförderung werden diskutiert.
The Massive Ice Avalanches of Mars
Authors: Learn Joshua
Published: April 2020

Ice avalanches may have traveled at speeds of up to 80 meters per second.
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is dependent on the EWS-WT1 transcription factor
Authors: Gedminas Jenna M. , Chasse Maggie H. , McBrairty Mitchell , Beddows Ian , Kitchen-Goosen Susan M. , Grohar Patrick J.
Published: April 2020

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and aggressive soft-tissue malignancy with a poor overall survival and no effective therapeutic options. The tumor is believed to be dependent on the continued activity of the oncogenic EWS-WT1 transcription factor. However, the dependence of the tumor on EWS-WT1 has not been well established. In addition, there are no studies exploring the downstream transcriptional program across multiple cell lines. In this study, we have developed a novel approach to selectively silence EWS-WT1 without impacting either wild-type EWSR1 or WT1. We show a clear dependence of the tumor on EWS-WT1 in two different cell lines, BER and JN-DSCRT-1. In addition, we identify and validate important downstream target pathways commonly dysregulated in other translocation-positive sarcomas, including PRC2, mTOR, and TGFB. Surprisingly, there is striking overlap between the EWS-WT1 and EWS-FLI1 gene signatures, despite the fact that the DNA-binding domain of the fusion proteins, WT1 and FLI1, is structurally unique and classified as different types of transcription factors. This study provides important insight into the biology of this disease relative to other translocation-positive sarcomas, and the basis for the therapeutic targeting of EWS-WT1 for this disease that has limited therapeutic options.
A framework for the computational prediction and analysis of non-coding RNAs in microbial environmental populations and their experimental validation
Authors: Lott Steffen C , Voigt Karsten , Lambrecht S Joke , Hess Wolfgang R , Steglich Claudia
Published: April 2020

Small regulatory RNAs and antisense RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in bacteria but are underexplored, especially in natural populations. While environmentally relevant microbes often are not amenable to genetic manipulation or cannot be cultivated in the laboratory, extensive metagenomic and metatranscriptomic datasets for these organisms might be available. Hence, dedicated workflows for specific analyses are needed to fully benefit from this information. Here, we identified abundant sRNAs from oceanic environmental populations of the ecologically important primary producer Prochlorococcus starting from a metatranscriptomic differential RNA-Seq (mdRNA-Seq) dataset. We tracked their homologs in laboratory isolates, and we provide a framework for their further detailed characterization. Several of the experimentally validated sRNAs responded to ecologically relevant changes in cultivation conditions. The expression of the here newly discovered sRNA Yfr28 was highly stimulated in low-nitrogen conditions. Its predicted top targets include mRNAs encoding cell division proteins, a sigma factor, and several enzymes and transporters, suggesting a pivotal role of Yfr28 in the coordination of primary metabolism and cell division. A cis-encoded antisense RNA was identified as a possible positive regulator of atpF encoding subunit b’ of the ATP synthase complex. The presented workflow will also be useful for other environmentally relevant microorganisms for which experimental validation abilities are frequently limiting although there is wealth of sequence information available.
A draft genome assembly of spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta
Authors: Yang Chentao , Li Fang , Xiong Zijun , Koepfli Klaus-Peter , Ryder Oliver , Perelman Polina , Li Qiye , Zhang Guojie
Published: April 2020

The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), one of the largest terrestrial predators native to sub-Saharan Africa, is well known for its matriarchal social system and large-sized social group in which larger females dominate smaller males. Spotted hyenas are highly adaptable predators as they both actively hunt prey and scavenge kills by other predators, and possess an enhanced hypercarnivorous dentition that allows them to crack open bones and thereby feed on nearly all parts of a carcass. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of C. crocuta that was generated using a hybrid assembly strategy with Illumina multi-size libraries. A genome of about 2.3 Gb was generated with a scaffold N50 length of 7.2 Mb. More than 35.28% genome region was identified as repetitive elements, and 22,747 protein-coding genes were identified in the genome, with 97.45% of these annotated by databases. This high-quality genome will provide an opportunity to gain insight into the evolution of social behavior and social cognition in mammals, as well as for population genetics and metagenomics studies.
Effects of β2-receptor stimulation by indacaterol in chronic heart failure treated with selective or non-selective β-blockers: a randomized trial
Authors: Contini Mauro , Spadafora Emanuele , Barbieri Simone , Gugliandolo Paola , Salvioni Elisabetta , Magini Alessandra , Apostolo Anna , Palermo Pietro , Alimento Marina , Agostoni Piergiuseppe
Published: April 2020

Alveolar β2-receptor blockade worsens lung diffusion in heart failure (HF). This effect could be mitigated by stimulating alveolar β2-receptors. We investigated the safety and the effects of indacaterol on lung diffusion, lung mechanics, sleep respiratory behavior, cardiac rhythm, welfare, and exercise performance in HF patients treated with a selective (bisoprolol) or a non-selective (carvedilol) β-blocker. Study procedures were performed before and after indacaterol and placebo treatments according to a cross-over, randomized, double-blind protocol in forty-four patients (27 on bisoprolol and 17 on carvedilol). No differences between indacaterol and placebo were observed in the whole population except for a significantly higher VE/VCO2 slope and lower maximal PETCO2 during exercise with indacaterol, entirely due to the difference in the bisoprolol group (VE/VCO2 31.8 ± 5.9 vs. 28.5 ± 5.6, p < 0.0001 and maximal PETCO2 36.7 ± 5.5 vs. 37.7 ± 5.8 mmHg, p < 0.02 with indacaterol and placebo, respectively). In carvedilol, indacaterol was associated with a higher peak heart rate (119 ± 34 vs. 113 ± 30 bpm, with indacaterol and placebo) and a lower prevalence of hypopnea during sleep (3.8 [0.0;6.3] vs. 5.8 [2.9;10.5] events/hour, with indacaterol and placebo). Inhaled indacaterol is well tolerated in HF patients, it does not influence lung diffusion, and, in bisoprolol, it increases ventilation response to exercise.
Exploitation of fibrin-based signaling niche for deriving progenitors from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells towards potential neural engineering applications
Authors: Chandrababu Krishnapriya , Senan Manesh , Krishnan Lissy K.
Published: April 2020

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSC) retaining proliferation and multi-differentiation potential may support the central nervous system (CNS) regeneration. Multipotency of MSC may result in both desirable and undesirable cells, post-transplantation. A better strategy to attain desired cells may be in vitro commitment of hADMSCs to uni-/bi- potent neural progenitor cells (NPCs), prior to transplantation. Derivation of stable NPCs may require a suitable niche eliciting proliferation and differentiation signals. The present study designed a biomimetic niche comprising insoluble fibrin supported adhesion matrix and exogenously added growth factors (GFs) for deriving different neural cells and established the role of Notch and Wnt signals for proliferation and differentiation of hADMSCs, respectively. The stable transformation of hADMSCs into neurospheres (NS) comprising Nestin+ve NPCs was achieved consistently. Slight modifications of niche enable differentiation of NS to NPCs; NPCs to neurons; NPCs to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs); and OPCs to oligodendrocytes (OLG). Fibrin plays a crucial role in the conversion of hADMSC to NS and NPCs to OPCs; but, not essential for OPC to OLG maturation. Co-survival and cell-cell interaction of NPC derived neurons and OPCs promoting OLG maturation is illustrated. The designed biomimetic niche shows the potential for directing autologous ADMSCs to neural cells for applications in regenerative medicine.
Duplication with structural modification through extrachromosomal circular and lariat DNA in the human genome
Authors: Takahashi Kazuki K. , Innan Hideki
Published: April 2020

Duplication plays an important role in creating drastic changes in genome evolution. In addition to well-known tandem duplication, duplication can occur such that a duplicated DNA fragment is inserted at another location in the genome. Here, we report several genomic regions in the human genome that could be best explained by two types of insertion-based duplication mechanisms, where a duplicated DNA fragment was modified structurally and then inserted into the genome. In one process, the DNA fragment is turned into an extrachromosomal circular DNA, cut somewhere in the circle, and reintegrated into another location in the genome. And in the other, the DNA fragment forms a “lariat structure” with a “knot”, the strand is swapped at the knot, and is then reintegrated into the genome. Our results suggest that insertion-based duplication may not be a simple process; it may involve a complicated procedures such as structural modification before reintegration. However, the molecular mechanism has yet to be fully understood.
Microencapsulated Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 therapy improves cardiac function and reduces fibrosis in a porcine acute myocardial infarction model
Authors: Báez-Díaz Claudia , Blanco-Blázquez Virginia , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco-Miguel , Bayes-Genis Antoni , González Irene , Abad Ana , Steendam Rob , Franssen Okke , Palacios Itziar , Sánchez Belén , Gálvez-Montón Carolina , Crisóstomo Verónica
Published: April 2020

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) has demonstrated beneficial effects after myocardial infarction (MI). Microencapsulation of IGF-1 could potentially improve results. We aimed to test the effect of an intracoronary (IC) infusion of microencapsulated IGF-1 in a swine acute MI model. For that purpose IC injection of a 10 ml solution of 5 × 106 IGF-1 loaded microspheres (MSPs) (n = 8, IGF-1 MSPs), 5 × 106 unloaded MSPs (n = 9; MSPs) or saline (n = 7; CON) was performed 48 hours post-MI. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), indexed ventricular volumes and infarct size (IS) were determined by cardiac magnetic resonance at pre-injection and 10 weeks. Animals were euthanized at 10 weeks, and myocardial fibrosis and vascular density were analysed. End-study LVEF was significantly greater in IGF-1 MSPs compared to MSPs and CON, while ventricular volumes exhibited no significant differences between groups. IS decreased over time in all groups. Collagen volume fraction on the infarct area was significantly reduced in IGF-1 MSPs compared to CON and MSPs. Vascular density analysis of infarct and border zones showed no significant differences between groups. In conclusion, the IC injection of 5 × 106 IGF-1 loaded MSPs in a porcine acute MI model successfully improves cardiac function and limits myocardial fibrosis, which could be clinically relevant.
An outbreak of gastroenteritis by emerging norovirus GII.2[P16] in a kindergarten in Kota Kinabalu, Malaysian Borneo
Authors: Ahmed Kamruddin , Dony Jiloris Julian Frederick , Mori Daisuke , Haw Liaw Yun , Giloi Nelbon , Jeffree Mohammad Saffree , Iha Hidekatsu
Published: April 2020

Outbreaks of diarrhea in kindergartens are underreported and frequently go unnoticed in developing countries. To better understand the etiology this study was performed during an outbreak of diarrhea in a kindergarten in Sabah, Malaysia. Outbreak investigation was performed according to the standard procedures. In this outbreak a total of 34 (36.5%) children and 4 (30.8%) teachers suffered from gastroenteritis. Stool samples from seven children and 13 teachers were tested for rotavirus and norovirus. During the investigation stool samples were collected and sent in cold chain to the laboratory. The samples were subjected to rotavirus enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription PCR for norovirus. All samples were negative for rotavirus but positive for norovirus. To determine the genogroup and genotype of norovirus, nucleotide sequencing of the amplicons was performed. All norovirus from the outbreak was of genotype GII.2[16]. To determine the relatedness of the strains phylogenetic analysis was done using neighbor-joining method. Phylogenetically these strains were highly related to GII.2[P16] noroviruses from China and Japan. This study provided evidence that a diarrheal outbreak in a kindergarten was caused by GII.2[P16] norovirus which is an emerging strain in East Asia and Europe.
Increasing efficiency of high numerical aperture metasurfaces using the grating averaging technique
Authors: Arbabi Amir , Arbabi Ehsan , Mansouree Mahdad , Han Seunghoon , Kamali Seyedeh Mahsa , Horie Yu , Faraon Andrei
Published: April 2020

One of the important advantages of optical metasurfaces over conventional diffractive optical elements is their capability to efficiently deflect light by large angles. However, metasurfaces are conventionally designed using approaches that are optimal for small deflection angles and their performance for designing high numerical aperture devices is not well quantified. Here we introduce and apply a technique for the estimation of the efficiency of high numerical aperture metasurfaces. The technique is based on a particular coherent averaging of diffraction coefficients of periodic blazed gratings and can be used to compare the performance of different metasurface designs in implementing high numerical aperture devices. Unlike optimization-based methods that rely on full-wave simulations and are only practicable in designing small metasurfaces, the gradient averaging technique allows for the design of arbitrarily large metasurfaces. Using this technique, we identify an unconventional metasurface design and experimentally demonstrate a metalens with a numerical aperture of 0.78 and a measured focusing efficiency of 77%. The grating averaging is a versatile technique applicable to many types of gradient metasurfaces, thus enabling highly efficient metasurface components and systems.
Genetic factors associated with response to as-needed aflibercept therapy for typical neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Authors: Yoneyama Seigo , Sakurada Yoichi , Kikushima Wataru , Sugiyama Atsushi , Matsubara Mio , Fukuda Yoshiko , Tanabe Naohiko , Parikh Ravi , Mabuchi Fumihiko , Kashiwagi Kenji , Iijima Hiroyuki
Published: April 2020

In the present study, we investigated the association between susceptible genetic variants to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and response to as-needed intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) therapy for exudative AMD including both typical neovascular AMD and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) over 12-months. A total of 234 patients with exudative AMD were initially treated with 3 monthly IAI and thereafter as-needed IAI over 12 months. Seven variants of 6 genes including ARMS2 A69S (rs10490924), CFH (I62V:rs800292 and rs1329428), C2-CFB-SKIV2L(rs429608), C3 (rs2241394), CETP (rs3764261) and ADAMTS-9 (rs6795735) were genotyped for all participants using TaqMan technology. After adjusting for age, gender, baseline BCVA and AMD subtype, A (protective) allele of C2-CFB-SKIV2L rs429608 was associated with visual improvement at 12-month (P = 0.003). Retreatment was associated with T(risk) allele of ARMS2 A69S (P = 2.0 × 10−4; hazard ratio: 2.18:95%CI: 1.47-3.24) and C(risk) allele of CFH rs1329428 (P = 2.0 × 10−3; hazard ratio: 1.74:95%CI: 1.16–2.59) after adjusting for the baseline confounders. The need for additional injections was also associated with T allele of ARMS2 A69S (P = 1.0 × 10−5) and C allele of CFH rs1329428 (P = 3.0 × 10−3) after adjusting for the baseline confounders. The variants of ARMS2 and CFH are informative for both physicians and patients to predict recurrence and to quantify the need for additional injections.
Scientific workflow managers in metabolomics: an overview
Authors: Verhoeven Aswin , Giera Martin , Mayboroda Oleg A.
Published: April 2020

Metabolomics workflows for data processing reproducibility and accelerated clinical deployment.
Targeted profiling of amino acid metabolome in serum by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method: application to identify potential markers for diet-induced hyperlipidemia
Authors: Wang Xiao-fan , Zhang You-xi , Ma Hai-ying
Published: April 2020

Targeted profiling of amino acid metabolome in serum by LC-MS: application to identify potential markers for diet-induced hyperlipidemia.
A novel hybrid micro extraction for the sensitive determination of 17β-estradiol in water samples
Authors: Saini Shivender Singh
Published: April 2020

A novel and green hybrid of pipette tip micro solid-phase extraction (PT-μSPE) and supported liquid extraction (SLE) was tailored and established for efficient and sensitive determination of 17β-estradiol (E2) in water samples.
A versatile cholera toxin conjugate for neuronal targeting and tracing
Authors: Haigh Jessica L. , Williamson Daniel J. , Poole Emma , Guo Yuan , Zhou Dejian , Webb Michael E. , Deuchars Susan A. , Deuchars Jim , Turnbull W. Bruce
Published: April 2020

A novel azido-modified cholera toxin B-subunit has been developed for use in vivo as a neuronal tracer.
Nanogel receptors for high isoelectric point protein detection: influence of electrostatic and covalent polymer–protein interactions
Authors: Wechsler Marissa E. , Dang H. K. H. Jocelyn , Dahlhauser Samuel D. , Simmonds Susana P. , Reuther James F. , Wyse Jordyn M. , VandeWalle Abigail N. , Anslyn Eric V. , Peppas Nicholas A.
Published: April 2020

Synthesis of an aldehyde acrylate-based functional monomer and incorporation into poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) nanogels for use as high pI protein receptors.
Synthesis of a finger-like MoS2@VS2 micro–nanocomposite with enhanced field emission performance
Authors: Feng Yu , Du Erwei , Gong Shijing , Yu Ke , Chen Xiaofan , Zhu Ziqiang
Published: April 2020

A MoS2@VS2 micro–nanocomposite showed enhanced field emission properties benefiting from the synergy of the two materials.
Unconventional stable stoichiometry of vanadium peroxide
Authors: Du Xin , Zhang Jing , Yu Hong , Lin Jianyan , Zhang Shoutao , Yang Guochun
Published: April 2020

Peroxides have attracted considerable attention due to their intriguing electronic properties and diverse applications.
A novel 3D porous pseudographite/Si/Ni composite anode material fabricated by a facile method
Authors: Su Weiming , Wan Ruchao , Liang Yue , Zuo Yinze , Tang Yuefeng
Published: April 2020

A novel 3D porous pseudographite/Si/Ni (PG/Si/Ni) composite was prepared by a facile low-temperature calcination method using saturable starch and NiCl2·6H2O as precursors.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of oxynitride perovskites SrMn0.2M0.8O2.6N0.4 (M = Nb, Ta)
Authors: Kim Young-Il , Avdeev Maxim
Published: April 2020

Oxynitride perovskites with octahedral Mn2+ display a paramagnetic behavior and an unusual lattice distortion.
Synthesis and characterisation of light lanthanide bis-phospholyl borohydride complexes
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Nodaraki Lydia E. , Cobb Philip J. , Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Ortu Fabrizio , Tuna Floriana , Mills David P.
Published: April 2020

Two families of lanthanide(iii) phospholyl borohydride complexes are reported (carbon = grey, hydrogen = white, oxygen = red, boron = yellow, phosphorus = magenta, potassium = blue, lanthanides = teal; only BH4hydrogens are shown for clarity).
Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of aromatic ketones using alcohols
Authors: Li Hongji , Gao Zhuyan , Lei Lijun , Liu Huifang , Han Jianyu , Hong Feng , Luo Nengchao , Wang Feng
Published: April 2020

Photocatalytic deoxygenation of aromatic ketones to alkyl arenes was developed on Pd/TiO2 using alcohols as green hydrogen donors.
Small molecule-decorated gold nanoparticles for preparing antibiofilm fabrics
Authors: Wang Le , Natan Michal , Zheng Wenshu , Zheng Wenfu , Liu Shaoqin , Jacobi Gila , Perelshtein Ilana , Gedanken Aharon , Banin Ehud , Jiang Xingyu
Published: April 2020

By using ultrasound-assisted coating technology, we modified fabrics with N_Au NPs to fabricate antibiofilm fabrics.
One-step hydroxylation of benzene to phenol over Schiff base complexes incorporated onto mesoporous organosilica in the presence of different axial ligands
Authors: Farahmand Shohreh , Ghiaci Mehran , Vatanparast Morteza , Razavizadeh Jalal. S.
Published: April 2020

Liquid-phase hydroxylation of benzene to phenol using Schiff base complexes anchored on a mesoporous organosilica support was investigated in various solvents when molecular oxygen was utilized as a green oxidant.
Enzyme activity-modulated etching of gold nanobipyramids@MnO2 nanoparticles for ALP assay using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Hua , Wei Lin , Hua Jianhao , Chen Da , Meng Hongmin , Li Zhaohui , Xiao Lehui
Published: April 2020

We propose a novel SERS platform for the detection of enzyme activity by modulating the distance between Raman reporters and the surface of Au NBPs with MnO2 shell as the spacer.
TiO2-decorated porous carbon nanofiber interlayer for Li–S batteries
Authors: Yanilmaz Meltem
Published: April 2020

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are the most promising energy storage systems owing to their high energy density.
A facile route for preparing nickel(ii) oxide thin films for high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Shen Guibin , Dong Hongye , Cai Qingbin , Wen Xiaoning , Xu Xiangning , Mu Cheng
Published: April 2020

An inverted MAPbI3perovskite solar cell based on NiO fabricated by a facile low-temperature process realized a PCE of 17.78%.
Mainstream avenues for boosting graphitic carbon nitride efficiency: towards enhanced solar light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production and environmental remediation
Authors: Lam Su Shiung , Nguyen Van-Huy , Nguyen Dinh Minh Tuan , Khieu Dinh Quang , La Duc Duong , Nguyen Huu Trung , Vo Dai Viet N. , Xia Changlei , Varma Rajender S. , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza , Nguyen Chinh Chien , Le Quyet Van , Peng Wanxi
Published: April 2020

This review endeavors to present a roadmap to prepare high-performance g-C3N4photocatalysts for hydrogen production and environmental remediation.
Enhanced rate and cyclability of a porous Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode using dimethyl ether as the electrolyte for application in sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Sadan Milan K. , Kim Huihun , Kim Changhyeon , Cha Seung Hwan , Cho Kwon-Koo , Kim Ki-Won , Ahn Jou-Hyeon , Ahn Hyo-Jun
Published: April 2020

Porous Na3V2(PO4) cathode affords ultrafast kinetics (44 mA h g−1 at 854C) and long cycle life (95 000 cycles at 50 A g−1) using dimethyl ether (DME) electrolyte.
Inexpensive thermochemical energy storage utilising additive enhanced limestone
Authors: Møller Kasper T. , Ibrahim Ainee , Buckley Craig E. , Paskevicius Mark
Published: April 2020

A thermochemical energy storage capacity retention of up to 90% over 500 cycles is achieved in cheap and abundant limestone.
An asymmetrical A–DAD–A-type acceptor simultaneously enhances voltage and current for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Lai Hanjian , Chen Hui , Zhu Yulin , Chen Lin , Huang Hsin-Hsiang , He Feng
Published: April 2020

This work provides a strategy of symmetry breaking in an A–DAD–A-type acceptor with a PCE of 15.43%, which is the highest value reported to date for asymmetrical fused-ring acceptors.
Seeking optimized transformer oil-based nanofluids by investigation of the modification mechanism of nano-dielectrics
Authors: Xu Fan , Wang Hongxia , Xing Shuaiqi , Tang Ming , Zhang Huijuan , Wang Yu
Published: April 2020

The modification mechanism of nano-additives on the electrical properties of transformer oil-based nanofluids has systematically been studied from a micro-perspective.
Design optimisation for distance between additional and tap winding in high‐voltage transformers
Authors: Dawood Kamran , Köseoğlu Ahmet Kerem , Kömürgöz Güven
Published: April 2020

The transformer is one of the main components in the power network and transformer windings are one of the most expensive elements in the power transformer. Optimisation of winding distances is one of the most important parameters during the manufacturing of transformer. The distance between the windings in the two winding transformers is well known to transformer designers and manufacturers. However, insulation of the high voltage transformer with additional winding and tap winding is still a major problem for transformer designers. In this study, the additional winding to tap winding distance optimisation is made for a high voltage power transformer. Optimisation of the transformer's windings just not minimises the cost of the transformer but also increases the lifetime of the transformer. With additional winding and tap winding in high‐voltage transformers, insulation distance is a major concern for minimising the cost and size of the high voltage transformer. In this study, an approach is made to balance the cost, size, and safety of high voltage transformers. The optimised distance and position between tap winding and additional winding are determined by using the finite element analysis. The finite element method results were also verified by making a prototype transformer.
Comparative characterisation of conventional and textured 11 kV insulators using the rotating wheel dip test
Authors: Krzma Adnan , Albano Maurizio , Haddad Abderrahmane
Published: April 2020

Surface tracking and erosion is an irreversible degradation occurring on the insulator surface, and this can ultimately lead to failure of the insulator. Polymeric materials such as silicone rubber have many advantages; including a superior hydrophobic surface. However, polymers are exposed to ageing and degradation resulting from electrical and environmental stresses. The rotating wheel dip test is adopted to conduct a comparative study of surface conduction on the two insulators. A conventional design has been selected and compared with insulators having textured surface. Monitoring of the shed surface and insulator trunk using an IR camera were carried out to assess the temperature distribution along insulator profiles. A spatial analysis was also performed to identify key features of the two designs. Localised surface conductance measurements are proposed in this study. This helps to understand and distinguish the trends of conductance and its distribution on each surface, helping to predict the future surface degradation associated to each design.
Promising functional graded materials for compact gaseous insulated switchgears/pipelines
Authors: Li Jin , Liang Hucheng , Chen Yun , Du Boxue
Published: April 2020

The electric field distributions along gas‐solid interfaces determine the reliability, lifetimes and sizes of gaseous insulated switchgears/pipelines (GIS/GIL), which also affect the reliability of power systems. In this study, the characteristics of steady and transient electric field distributions were first introduced, followed by the concept of functionally graded materials (FGMs). The development histories of FGM applied in electrical engineering and the related optimisation methods were described in detail. The field regulation effect and fabrication technology of different FGM insulators were also compared. To overcome the limitations of traditional FGM insulators, the design of surface FGM (SFGM) was proposed, together with their preparation methods and electrical performance. Furthermore, the future development prospects of FGM and SFGM insulators for compact GIS/GIL were summarised.
Effect of angle displacements on electromagnetic performance of dual three‐phase consequent‐pole permanent magnet machine
Authors: Li Feng , Wang Kai , Zhang Jianya , Zeng Fanquan
Published: April 2020

The machine with consequent pole (CP) rotor can improve the utilisation ratio of permanent magnet (PM). However, all the N poles or S poles are replaced by salient rotor iron, leading to the asymmetric air‐gap flux density. It potentially results in even‐order back electromotive force (back‐EMF) harmonics and unbalanced magnetic force. This study aims to investigate the influence of various angle displacements (i.e. 0°, 15°, 30° and 60°) on the electromagnetic performance of the dual three‐phase PM machine with CP rotor. The electromagnetic characteristics, including air‐gap flux density, back‐EMF, torque performance, short circuit current, braking torque and PM demagnetisation under both healthy and fault conditions are compared comprehensively. Finally, the 24‐slot/22‐pole prototype machine is manufactured. The back‐EMF waveforms and static torque are measured and compared to the finite‐element predicted results to validate the theoretical analysis.