bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new approach to understanding teachers’ classroom practices
Authors: Alsalim Lyla
Published: January 2019

Teaching is generally considered a complex practice that involves the constant and dynamic interaction between the teacher, the students and the subject matter. One of the main goals of most education reform initiatives has been to change teachers’ classroom practices. Most recent reform curricula focus on highlighting teacher practices that promote and evoke students’ understanding alongside the changes in content (Tirosh & Graeber, 2003). Changes to a teacher’s role that are included in the education reform movement call for more research in order to understand and theorise teachers’ classroom practices. In this paper, I will present patterns-of-participation (PoP) as a promising framework that aims to understand the role of the teacher for emerging classroom practices. Instead of relying on a traditional approach to understanding classroom practices by analysing teachers’ beliefs, this framework applies a participatory approach to look for patterns in the participation of individual teachers in many social practices at the school and in the classroom. Some of these practices are directly related to the teaching and learning of mathematics while others are not. And some of them relate to communities that are not actually present in the classroom or at the school. PoP views teachers’ social interaction in a certain community as a piece which is influenced by other pieces of social interactions. In every interaction, the ‘pieces’ shape a ‘fluctuating pattern' that shows the shifting impact of different, previous practices and the dynamic relations between them (Skott, 2010; 2011; 2013).
Conceptualizing, and Re-conceptualizing, Mixed Race Identity Development Theories and Canada’s Multicultural Framework in Historical Context
Authors: Fischer Samantha
Published: January 2019

This paper will examine the most prominent theories of identity development of mixed race people in Canada from the late 1800s to the present day in the emergent multicultural context. It will examine the theories and contexts related to all mixed race people rather than focusing on a specific group.
Using Art to Open Post Colonial Dialogues with Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Leddy Shannon
Published: January 2019

In 2005, Canadian scholars Carol Schick and Verna St. Denis published an article entitled “Troubling National Discourses in Anti-Racist Curricular Planning.” In it, they describe encountering the same problems in their respective practices with pre-service teachers when addressing Indigenous and post-colonial curricula; namely, resistance. The authors identify four key areas of resistance offered by pre-service teachers: 1) there is a perception of loss of liberty in course selection when a required anti-racist course is mandated; 2) students perceive an affront with the possibility that they are morally lacking in some way that necessitates a course about the “other”; 3) most pre-service teachers do not see themselves as teaching aboriginal students and think they don’t need to learn about aboriginal people; and 4) students are afraid of feeling uncomfortable about the conditions of the “other” and their own implication in that power structure. The authors address these concerns through an autobiographical assignment that locates students within the matrix of political, historical and cultural power structures in Canada. In a precursor to their 2005 article, Schick and St. Denis (2003) published a similar treatise in the Alberta Journal of Educational Research entitled “What Makes Anti-Racist Pedagogy in Teacher Education Difficult? Three Popular Ideological Assumptions,” in which they provide anecdotal evidence of pre-service teacher resistance. Taken together, these two articles point to an important and difficult arena in the process of opening dialogues around post-colonial power relations embedded in the narratives of Canadian identity. As a Métis woman working in the field of education, I am particularly interested in expanding this dialogue to resolve the tensions the authors describe.
Towards a Linking Activist Pedagogy: Teacher Activism for Social-Ecological Justice
Authors: Ho Yi Chien (Jade)
Published: January 2019

The world is currently in the midst of a social-ecological crisis. We cannot ignore that the primary cause of this change in our planet's ecological balance and the increase in social injustices is our heavy dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels and a capitalist economic system, which encourages exploitation of both human and more than human resources with no regard for the consequences. In such a reality, it is alarming that education treats knowledge as disconnected fragments and that environmental and social issues are often addressed separately in education. In order to live in environmentally healthy and socially just communities, we need ways of thinking and teaching that integrate rather than fragment issues. There is a need to recognize that the ecological crisis is a “cultural crisis”. With the need for such an approach in mind, Morgan Gardner (2005) formulated the term “linking activism” to describe one's “blended social-ecological justice practice” when “being positioned in a single construct” (p.3). I extend this into a consideration of environmental and social-justice educators as agents of change whose daily activism works to change the current cultural paradigm and bring social-ecological order and harmony. This paper will argue for the importance of engaging in linking activism in education by critically examining the mainstream environmental educational field in order to critique its paradigm that is imprinted by the current dominant culture, which in turn perpetuates social-ecological oppression.
How a Non-Native Speaker Constructs Positive Identities in a Master’s Teacher-Training Program in Canada
Authors: Wu Jhih-Yi
Published: January 2019

In this paper on how a non-native English speaker (NNES) constructs positive identities, I argue that a Master’s teacher-training program in Canada has offered me resources, support as well as space to develop my own complex identities (Norton & Toohey, 2011). Speaking from the perspectives of a NNES, I aim to encourage pre-service or in-service teachers to think positively of themselves with my personal anecdotes. I first discuss constructs of Norton & Gao’s (2008) identity and investment, and how my identity has been (re)shaped in the particular sociocultural context in a Canadian university. My investment in the current program does not just help me improve the target language, but rather increase my cultural capital. Then, I analyze Bakhtin’s dialogism (as cited in Johnson, 2014), and relate the concept to illustrate the significance of engaging myself in a dialogue with peers and professors, and how everything people say or do has a meaning in relation to others. Lastly, I address the notions of interactive others (Kettle, 2005) along with multicompetence (Cook, 1996, as cited in Block, 2003). Interactive others provide audible space for people to be heard, and how they have made a difference in my life. As a NNES, I am not a failed monolingual, but a multicompetent language user who has knowledge of not just one language in my own mind (Cook, 1996). I hope to bring positive influences on those who will enter the job market soon.
The Anatomy of a Public School Teacher’s Dilemma
Authors: Brar Victor
Published: January 2019

This is a case study of a dilemma that a British Columbia school teacher named Paul was involved in 2012 during a heated labor dispute between the government and the teachers’ union. In an effort to pressure the government the union asked teachers to halt all extracurricular activities. This directive would not be so problematic in a more affluent community, but Paul teaches in an inner-city neighborhood where extracurricular activities anchor children to the school and provide them with learning opportunities that their parents cannot provide. Paul was plunged into an uncomfortable situation in which he had to balance the needs of the inner-city children that he works with against his professional obligations to the union. This paper utilizes Rushworth Kidders ‘Justice-verses-Mercy’ paradigm and Robert Greenleaf’s ‘Servant Leadership’ paradigm as filters to understand how Paul resolved this dilemma.
Profiles in Leadership: Indigenizing the Academy
Authors: Lindsay William
Published: January 2019

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Science Education: Defining the Scientifically Literate Person
Authors: Tan Poh
Published: January 2019

Science literacy and scientific literacy are terms that have been used synonymously in the field of science education. Although many published papers and resources used them interchangeably, there are scholars who place the notion of science literacy and scientific literacy on opposite ends of the literacy spectrum. In this context, science literacy refers to one who understands the concepts, content and methods in science and in contrast, scientific literacy refers to one who, in addition to content knowledge, applies the process of science and frequently reflects on his/her actions from a scientific perspective and, more importantly, holistically evaluates and questions scientific facts from different perspectives.
Teachers’ Involvement in Curriculum Design in Higher Education
Authors: Olateru-Olagbegi Adesikeola
Published: January 2019

Complexities and incessant changes in all spheres of life in the global world ranging from climatic to socio-economic conditions such as increasing school enrolment, dwindling economic resources, high rate of unemployment, cultural and environmental challenges, place demand for emerging curriculum in higher education that will meet the evolving educational needs, so as to prepare learners for their future roles in the changing world. This calls for high level of proficiency in curriculum design on the part of faculty, either at the program or course level. This paper reveals that some of the key factors that affect the faculty from being proficient in curriculum design are, (1) beliefs and values of faculty, (2) gap in use of Information Technology (3) lack of design expertise (4) lack of collaboration among faculty and (5) inadequate support of faculty leadership. The paper suggests that these mitigating factors need to be addressed so that faculty can become more proficient in review and design of appropriate curricula that will meet the plethora of educational demands of the twenty first Century.
Racism and English Language Learning: Employing an Anti-Racist Approach to English as an Additional Language Education
Authors: Olding Lisa
Published: January 2019

Around the world, there is a growing number of linguistically diverse students enrolling in schools with English as the medium of instruction, and most educators are “interacting on a daily basis with learners with backgrounds and experiences different from his or her own” (Dei, 1996, p. 9). Guided in part by Srivastava’s (2007) pedagogical questions about “how we learn racist knowledge, how we perpetuate racist practices, and how we can change our everyday practices” (p. 306), this paper uses ideas from critical race theory (CRT), Dlamini’s (2002) interpretation of critical pedagogy, and Dei’s (1996) principles of anti-racism education to examine the intersection of racism and language, especially in relation to ELLs in K-12 schools in Canada. The author offers suggestions for EAL educators who are looking to implement anti-racist practices in the EAL classroom.
Using an Electronic Tablet to Assess Patients’ Home Environment by Videoconferencing Prior to Hospital Discharge: Protocol for a Mixed-Methods Feasibility and Comparative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Latulippe Karine , Provencher Véronique , Boivin Katia , Vincent Claude , Guay Manon , Kairy Dahlia , Morales Ernesto , Pellerin Marc-André , Giroux Dominique
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Occupational therapists working in hospitals are usually involved in discharge planning to assess patients’ safety and autonomy upon returning home. However, their assessment is usually done at the hospital due to organizational and financial constraints. The lack of visual data about the patients’ home may thus reduce the appropriateness and applicability of the support recommended upon discharge. Although various technological tools such as mobile devices (mobile health) are promising methods for home-based distance assessment, their application in hospital settings may raise several feasibility issues. To our knowledge, their usefulness and added value compared to standard procedure have not been addressed yet in previous studies. Moreover, several feasibility issues need to be explored.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to (1) document the clinical feasibility of using an electronic tablet to assess the patient's home environment by mobile videoconferencing and (2) explore the added value of using mobile videoconferencing, compared to the standard procedure.

METHODS

A feasibility and comparative study using a mixed-methods (convergent) design is currently undergoing. Six occupational therapists will assess the home environment of their patients in the hospital setting: they will first perform a semistructured interview (a) and then use mobile videoconferencing (b) to compare “a versus a+b.” Interviews with occupational therapists and patients and their caregivers will further explore the advantages and disadvantages of mobile videoconferencing. Two valid tools are used (the Canadian Measure of Occupational Performance and the telehealth responsivity questionnaire). Direct and indirect time is also collected.

RESULTS

The project was funded in the spring of 2016 and authorized by the ethics committee in February 2017. Enrollment started in April 2017. Five triads (n=4 occupational therapists, n=5 clients, n=5 caregivers) have been recruited until now. The experiment is expected to be completed by April 2019 and analysis of the results by June 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Mobile videoconferencing may be a familiar and easy solution for visualizing environmental barriers in the home by caregivers and clinicians, thus providing a promising and inexpensive option to promote a safe return home upon hospital discharge, but clinical feasibility and obstacles to the use of mobile videoconferencing must be understood.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

DERR1-10.2196/11674
Lessons Learned: Recommendations For Implementing a Longitudinal Study Using Wearable and Environmental Sensors in a Health Care Organization (Preprint)
Authors: L'Hommedieu Michelle , L'Hommedieu Justin , Begay Cynthia , Schenone Alison , Dimitropoulou Lida , Margolin Gayla , Falk Tiago , Ferrara Emilio , Lerman Kristina , Narayanan Shrikanth
Published: January 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

Although traditional methods of data collection in naturalistic settings can shed light on constructs of interest to researchers, advances in sensor-based technology allow researchers to capture continuous physiological and behavioral data to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the constructs that are examined in a dynamic health care setting. This study gives examples for implementing technology-facilitated approaches and provides the following recommendations for conducting such longitudinal, sensor-based research, with both environmental and wearable sensors in a health care setting: pilot test sensors and software early and often; build trust with key stakeholders and with potential participants who may be wary of sensor-based data collection and concerned about privacy; generate excitement for novel, new technology during recruitment; monitor incoming sensor data to troubleshoot sensor issues; and consider the logistical constraints of sensor-based research. The study describes how these recommendations were successfully implemented by providing examples from a large-scale, longitudinal, sensor-based study of hospital employees at a large hospital in California. The knowledge gained from this study may be helpful to researchers interested in obtaining dynamic, longitudinal sensor data from both wearable and environmental sensors in a health care setting (eg, a hospital) to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of constructs of interest in an ecologically valid, secure, and efficient way.
Remediating Reduced Autobiographical Memory in Healthy Older Adults With Computerized Memory Specificity Training (c-MeST): An Observational Before-After Study (Preprint)
Authors: Martens Kris , Takano Keisuke , Barry Tom J , Goedleven Jolien , Van den Meutter Louise , Raes Filip
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

The ability to retrieve specific autobiographical memories decreases with cognitive aging. This decline is clinically relevant due to its association with impairments in problem solving, daily functioning, and depression. A therapist-delivered group training protocol, Memory Specificity Training (MeST), has been shown to enhance the retrieval of specific memories while ameliorating the impairments and negative outcomes associated with reduced specificity. The therapist-delivered nature of this intervention means it is relatively expensive to deliver and difficult for people with mobility impairments, such as older people, to receive.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to test if a novel, Web-based computerized version of a group training protocol called Memory Specificity Training, has the potential to increase autobiographical memory specificity and impact associated secondary psychological processes.

METHODS

A total of 21 participants (13 female; mean age 67.05, SD 6.55) who experienced a deficit in retrieving specific autobiographical memory were trained with c-MeST. We assessed memory specificity at preintervention and postintervention, as well as secondary processes such as depressive symptoms, rumination, and problem-solving skills.

RESULTS

Memory specificity increased significantly after participants completed c-MeST (r=.57). Session-to-session scores indicated that autobiographical memory specificity improved most from the online baseline assessment to the first Web-based session. Symptoms or secondary processes such as problem-solving skills did not change significantly.

CONCLUSIONS

A Web-based automated individual version of MeST is a feasible, low-cost intervention for reduced memory specificity in healthy older adults. Future studies should clarify the preventive impact of c-MeST in other at-risk sample populations with longer follow-up times.
Acute Care Patient Portal Intervention: Portal Use and Patient Activation (Preprint)
Authors: Schnock Kumiko O , Snyder Julia E , Fuller Theresa E , Duckworth Megan , Grant Maxwell , Yoon Catherine , Lipsitz Stuart , Dalal Anuj K , Bates David W , Dykes Patricia C
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Patient-facing health information technology (HIT) tools, such as patient portals, are recognized as a potential mechanism to facilitate patient engagement and patient-centered care, yet the use of these tools remains limited in the hospital setting. Although research in this area is growing, it is unclear how the use of acute care patient portals might affect outcomes, such as patient activation.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to describe the use of an acute care patient portal and investigate its association with patient and care partner activation in the hospital setting.

METHODS

We implemented an acute care patient portal on 6 acute care units over an 18-month period. We investigated the characteristics of the users (patients and their care partners) of the patient portal, as well as their use of the portal. This included the number of visits to each page, the number of days used, the length of the user’s access period, and the average percent of days used during the access period. Patient and care partner activation was assessed using the short form of the patient activation measure (PAM-13) and the caregiver patient activation measure (CG-PAM). Comparisons of the activation scores were performed using propensity weighting and robust weighted linear regression.

RESULTS

Of the 2974 randomly sampled patients, 59.01% (1755/2974) agreed to use the acute care patient portal. Acute care patient portal enrollees were younger, less sick, less likely to have Medicare as their insurer, and more likely to use the Partners Healthcare enterprise ambulatory patient portal (Patient Gateway). The most used features of the acute care patient portal were the laboratory test results, care team information, and medication list. Most users accessed the portal between 1 to 4 days during their hospitalization, and the average number of days used (logged in at least once per day) was 1.8 days. On average, users accessed the portal 42.69% of the hospital days during which it was available. There was significant association with patient activation on the neurology service (P<.001) and medicine service (P=.01), after the introduction of HIT tools and the acute care patient portal, but not on the oncology service.

CONCLUSIONS

Portal users most often accessed the portal to view their clinical information, though portal usage was limited to only the first few days of enrollment. We found an association between the use of the portal and HIT tools with improved levels of patient activation. These tools may help facilitate patient engagement and improve outcomes when fully utilized by patients and care partners. Future study should leverage usage metrics to describe portal use and assess the impact of HIT tools on specific outcome measures in the hospital setting.
Sampul Depan Warta Perkaretan Volume 37, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018
Authors: WP 37(1),2018 Sampul Depan
Published: January 2019

Sampul Depan Warta Perkaretan Volume 37, Nomor 1, Tahun 2018
UroLift for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in a Patient with AMS 700 Penile Prosthesis: The First Reported Case
Authors: Jones Adam , Phan YC , Mahmalji Wasim
Published: January 2019

The UroLift system (Teleflex Inc.) is a minimally-invasive and non-ablative technique used for the treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. It has been introduced as an alternative to transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to avoid any unwanted side affects such as erectile dysfunction, hospital stay and catheterisation. A 68-year old patient with bothersome LUTS and significant co-morbidities presented for consideration of UroLift to avoid the risks associated with more invasive TURP surgery. The patient had previously had an AMS 700 MS implanted penile prosthesis (IPP) inserted for erectile dysfunction refractory to medical therapy. To the authors best knowledge, there have been no reports or published literature on the use of the UroLift device to treat male LUTS in the presence of an IPP. This case report aims to present this unique case and discuss operative technique for use of the UroLift device in the presence of an IPP.
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN ANTARA COPING STRATEGI DENGAN TINGKAT PENDAPATAN PETANI KARET DI KECAMATAN MESTONG KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI
Authors: Oscar Deny , Mara Armen , Nainggolan Saidin
Published: January 2019

This research aims to: 1) to know the income level of rubber farmer in Mestong Sub-district of Muaro Jambi Regency; 2) to know the correlation between income level of rubber farmer with coping strategy In Mestong District Muaro Jambi Regency. The research was conducted in Suka Maju Village, Muaro Sebapo Village and Nyogan Village, Mestong District Muaro Jambi Regency. The sampling was conducted in two stages, the first stage is the stratified sampling method (Stratified Cluster Sampling), the second stage is the sampling is done by Non Probability Sampling with a total sample of 44 people. From the research results can be concluded that, 1) Rubber prices fluctuate, the highest price of rubber is in 2011 at the price level Rp 17.025 / Kg, while the lowest price is in 2015 at the price of Rp 4,500 / Kg. The difference between the highest and lowest price is Rp 12,525 or 333.3%. 2) There is a difference of income of rubber farmers in the research area with the expected, the amount of income is not sufficient so that need to do strategy to adapt to the economic pressure to meet the needs 3) There is a real relationship between the income level of farmers with "coping strategy" In overcoming the dynamics of rubber prices in Mestong Sub-district of Muaro Jambi Regency, where low-income farmers tend to do active.
Difficulties in diagnosing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a HIV-Positive Patient
Authors: Alekseeva T. M. , Skripchenko N. V. , Lobzin S. V. , Demeshonok V. S. , Yurkina E. A. , Nazarov V. D. , Lapin S. V.
Published: January 2019

We described a case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with comorbid HIV infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by genetic tests. The difficulty of the differential diagnosis between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and HIV-associated ALS syndrome is discussed.
Expediency and prospects of a vaccinal prevention of whooping cough without age restrictions
Authors: Mikheeva I. V. , Saltykova T. S. , Mikheeva M. A.
Published: January 2019

The goal of study was the epidemiological substantiationof optimization measures of a vaccinal prevention of whooping cough in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The retrospective descriptive epidemiological research has been conducted by analysis of the official statistical data on the whooping cough case rate (form No. 2) in 2005–2017 in the Russian Federation, as well as the data about preventive whooping cough inoculations (forms No. 5, No. 6) in 2005–2017 and about epidemic outbreakes in 2017 (form No. 23-17). The assessment of an economic damage from whooping cough in 2005-2017 has been carried out. Results. The following adverse characteristics of a modern epidemiological situation on whooping cough in Russia are shown: long-term recurrence of epidemic process, tendency of rising of a case rate of children of 0-2 years; high percentage of children of preschool and school age among whooping cough cases; prevalence among the patients with whooping cough of the children who have been vaccinated against this infection previously, epidemic outbreakes in children’s collectives, the stability of a case rate of teenagers and adults with prevalence of the mild and the erased clinical forms of this infection. The risks due to weaknesses of the whooping cough vaccinal prevention are noted: the insufficient immunization coverage owing to falce contraindications and refusals of parents of vaccinations of children, noncompliance with terms and intervals between inoculations, lack of domestic vaccine for revaccination of children at the age of 5 years and older. Conclusion. It is necessary to introduce in the national vaccination schedule a preschool booster dose for children at the age of 6 and adolescents at 14 years with the combined reduced antigen content tetanus–diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccines as well as the inoculations of this vaccine according to epidemiological indications to health workers, employees of educational institutions. A revaccination against whooping cough is recommended as “cocoon” for the persons contacting to not vaccinated child under 1 year of age.
Drug resistant variants of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b in Russia: analysis of aminoacid substitutions in NS5a and core proteins
Authors: Kichatova V. S. , Karlsen A. A. , Isaeva O. V. , Solonin S. A. , Malinnikova E. Yu. , Kyuregyan K. K. , Mikhailov M. I.
Published: January 2019

Aim. To determine the prevalence of amino acid substitutions in hepatitis C virus NS5a and core proteins which areassociated with resistance to direct-acting antivirals and interferon in genotype 1b (HCV-1b) strains circulating in Russia. Materials and methods. Nucleotide sequences of NS5a (n=93) and core (n=30) of HCV-1b were obtained using direct sequencing of respective amplified genome fragments. The search for resistance associated substitutions was performed for amino acid positions 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 58, 62, 92, 93 of NS5a, and 70 and 91 amino acid positions of core proteins, respectively. Results. The total proportion of HCV-1b strains carrying resistance associated substitutions in NS5a was 22,6% (21/93). The total detection rate of L31M and Y93H substitutions that are associated with resistance to the majority of NS5a inhibitors was 10,8%. Less clinically significant substitutions L28M, R30Q, P58S/T, A92T were detected too. The proportion of infections caused by HCV-1b strains that are potentially resistant both to interferon and NS5a inhibitors was 10% (10/30). Conclusion. Testing of HCV-1b infected patients for background resistance profile could be a useful tool to prevent the choosing of initially ineffective treatment regimen.
Treatment of the chronic hepatitis C complicated by mixed cryoglobulinemia with direct-acting antiviral agents
Authors: Dunaeva N. V. , Kolpashchikova E. Yu. , Romanova S. Yu. , Kizhlo S. N. , Lapin S. V. , Gusev D. A.
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical, immunologic and anti-viral efficacy of antiviral therapy (АVT) withdrugs of the direct antiviral action (DAA) of the chronic hepatitis C (CHC) complicated with secondary mixed cryoglobulinemia in small cohort of patients. Patients and methods: The cohort consisted of 12 patients with CHC (without signs of a coinfection of HIV, a hepatitis B virus) complicated with mixed cryoglobulinemia (criocrit more than 5% and presence of cryoglobulinemia-related symptoms). Standard DAA based therapy was indicated in all patients: 2 cases daclatasvir and asunaprevir, 3 cases daclatasvir and sofosbuvir and 7 cases Dasabuvir;Ombitasvir+Paritaprevir+Ritonavir. Results: Anti-viral response at 12 and 24 weeks was found in 91,6% (11/12) treated patients. In one case (on the daclatasvir and asunaprevir) resistance to both drugs developed. Clinical response was confirmed in 83% – 10/12 (25% – the complete response, 58% – the partial response). Despite of anti-viral response kidney damage persisted in 2 patients without apparent improvement. There was one lethal outcome at 25th week since the beginning of treatment because of bilateral pneumonia and thromboembolism in patient with kidney involvement treated with steroids and cytostatics. In 25% of patients total elimination of cryoglobulins was confirmed by the end of AVT and in 75% dramatic decrease of criocrit was found. Conclusion: We confirmed good virologic, clinical and immunologic response and safety of AVT with DDA in patients with HCV induced crioglobulinemia, especially when using schemes with a high genetic barrier (daclatasvir and sofosbuvir, Dasabuvir;Ombitasvir+Paritaprevir+Ritonavir).
Elimination of hcv-infection: a history with continuation
Authors: Zhdanov K. V. , Kozlov K. V. , Sukachev V. S. , Zaharenko S. M. , Karyakin S. S. , Saulevich A. V. , Lobzin D. Yu. , Yaryemenko M. V. , Ivanov K. S. , Lyashenko Yu. I. , Karev V. E. , Zaharkiv Yu. F. , Bulan’kov Yu. I.
Published: January 2019

Chronic hepatitis C remains one of the most important socially significant infections for world health. The use of modern highly effective drugs with direct antiviral action allowsto achieve a sustained virological response in patients. At the same time, in a significant number of cases after elimination of HCV infection, the progression of fibrosis continues with the development of its terminal stages and an unfavorable outcome for patients. The article focuses on comorbid pathology, which is a leading factor in this process in patients with chronic hepatitis C who have achieved a sustained virological response and presenting a serious challenge to modern hepatology.
Comparison of vezikari and clark scale for determination of of viral intestinal infections sevitity and predicting their outputs in children
Authors: Ermolenko K. D. , Gonchar N. V. , Behtereva M. K. , Lobzin Yu. V.
Published: January 2019

Introduction. To assess the severity of acute gastroenteritis in children, two scales of gravity are used: a 20-pointVesicari scale and a 24-point Clark scale. However, there are significant differences between these scales and there are practically no studies comparing their effectiveness in one representative group of patients. Material and methods: Complex clinical and laboratory examination of 143 children aged 1 to 7 with intestinal viral intestinal infections caused by rotavirus and norovirus was carried out. The severity of the patients’ condition was assessed using both Clark and Vesicary scale. Convalescences continued to be monitored for 12 months to open adverse outcomes. Results: In assessing the severity of viral intestinal infections using Clark and Vesicari scales, there were significant differences in children. The Vesicari scale significantly more accurately estimates the severity of intestinal infection in the acute period of the disease. At the same time, the use of the Clark scale contributes to the refinement of the prognosis for the development of post-infection gastroenterological pathology and its timely prevention. Conclusion: There is a need to create a new scale of universal assessment of the severity of viral intestinal infections that combines the advantages of both scales.
Expression of miRNA-210 in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells under oxygen deprivation
Authors: Loncaric Darija , Stankovic Biljana , Ghousein Amani , Vreca Misa , Spasovski Vesna , Villacreces Arnaud , Debeissat Christelle , Grosset Christophe , Ivanovic Zoran , Pavlovic Sonja
Published: January 2019

A major limitation in the development of efficient clinical protocols for mesenchymal stromal cell (MStroC)-based tissue regeneration therapy is the low retention and survival of MStroC in injured tissue after therapeutic administration. Low oxygen concentration preconditioning (LOP) during ex vivo cultivation of MStroC, as a method for mimicking oxygenation in their physiological microenvironment, has been shown to be beneficial in clinical trials using MStroC. Introducing hypoxia-mimicking molecules into MStroC during cultivation could be an advantageous LOP strategy. MicroRNA (miRNA) drugs are good candidates for this approach. Analysis of the expression of miRNA-210 in human bone marrow-derived MStroC in conditions of acute and extended hypoxia (24 to 72 h) was performed using RT-qPCR methodology. HIF-1? and HIF-2? gene knockdown cell lines were generated using lentiviral transduction of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in order to examine whether miRNA-210 expression is regulated by transcription factor HIF-1 and/or HIF-2. We detected a significant increase in miRNA-210 expression in hypoxic conditions at time points of 24, 48 and 72 h (p<0.05). Knocking down of HIF-1? and HIF-2? genes indicated involvement of both transcription factors in the elevation of miRNA-210 expression. These results point to miRNA-210 as a good candidate for a hypoxia-mimicking molecule in LOP strategy.
3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazines and their oxo-derivatives - Chemistry and bioactivities
Authors: Sharaf El-Din
Published: January 2019

3,4-Dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazines derivatives are a significant class of heterocycles with particular awareness due to their remarkable biological activities in humans, plants and animals, and also their natural occurrence. Alteration in the benzoxazine skeleton and their comparative chemical simplicity and accessibility, make these compounds suitable sources of other bioactive compounds, resulting in the discovery of a wide set of these compounds that have broad biological activity, such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, etc. Subsequently, this review gives herein a brief overview of the chemistry and bioactivities of derivatives of 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine monomers and their oxo-derivatives.
Possible ways of pharmacological correction of ischemic liver damages using agonist of peripheral imidazoline receptors c7070
Authors: Dovgan A. P. , Povetkin S. V. , Batishcheva G. A. , Dolzhikov A. A. , Pokrovsky M. V. , Urozhevskaya Z. S.
Published: January 2019

A comorbid condition both in diabetes mellitus and in metabolic syndrome is fatty dystrophy of the liver that further progresses to hepatic necrosis. In the article variants of pharmacological correction of ischemia-reperfusion of the liver with agonists of imidazoline receptor are proposed.
Materials and Methods. The experiment was conducted on 70 rats of both sexes divided into 7 groups (n=10): intact group; pseudo-operated animals (incision of the abdominal wall without ligation of hepatic vessels); animals subject to ischemia/reperfusion without drug correction; animals subject to ischemia/reperfusion of the liver + metformin (50 mg/kg); animals subject to ischemia/reperfusion of the liver + moxonidine (1 μg/kg); animals subject to ischemia/reperfusion of the liver+С7070 (10 mg/kg). For evaluation coefficients were used calculated from the level of hepatic transaminases: alaninaminotranspherase (ALT), aspartataminotranspheras (AST), – and also from morphometric ratios of the areas of necrosis and deep ischemia of the liver on the basis of histological examination.
Results. Agonist of peripheral imidazoline receptors C7070 reduces ischemic-reperfusion damages to the liver to a significantly larger extent than moxonidine and metformin. Hepatoprotective effect of C7070 was removed by preliminary introduction of peripheral imidazoline receptor blocker. ALT/AST coefficients for C7070, moxonidine and metformin were 72.8/62.13; 44.99/34.20 and 36.88/21.02, respectively. Coefficients of morphological hepatoprotective activity of the drugs were: С7070 – 82.61, moxonidine – 72.33, metformin – 38.96.
Conclusion. Agonists of imidazoline receptors reliably and significantly reduce functional and morphological manifestations of ischemia/reperfusion of the liver.
Management of patients with ulcerative colitis with account of microbiological examination of bioptate of colon wall
Authors: Davydova O. E. , Andreev P. S. , Katorkin S. E. , Lyamin A. V. , Kiseleva I. V. , Lichman L. A. , Bistrov S. A.
Published: January 2019

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common disease with the evident tendency to annual increase in incidence. The disease mostly affects young individuals of active working age. The peak of incidence of the disease is observed at the age of 20-29 and 50-55 years.
The aim of study was optimization of diagnostics and management of patients with ulcerative colitis by correction of antibacterial therapy on the basis of the data of microbiological examination of the microflora of the wall of colon.
Materials and Methods. 35 Patients with ulcerative colitis from 28 to 61 years of age with the average age 37.6 years who underwent outpatient and stationary treatment in colonoproctology and gastroenterology departments of SamSMU clinics in the period from January to May 2017 were examined. Of them, 18 were males (48.6%) and 17 females (51.4%).
Results. Significant species diversity of microflora was identified that requires exact species identification and development of standard procedures for isolation of microorganisms from bioptates of patients with ulcerative colitis with the aim of administration of antibacterial treatment. In analysis of sensitivity of the isolated strains to antibiotics 45% of the isolated microorganisms were found to have signs of resistance to 1-2 groups of medical drugs, and 33% showed signs of resistance to 3 and more groups. Only 22% of strains were found to be sensitive to all tested preparations. Eradication of such flora presents certain difficulties, and in our opinion, requires administration of combined therapy after examination of bioptate.
Conclusions. All patients with ulcerative colitis require examination of the microbial composition of the intestinal wall for optimization of diagnostics and treatment. 105-106 titer of microorganisms, their wide species diversity may support inflammation in the colon and prevent relief. It is necessary to continue study of microbiological composition of the colonic wall in the comparative aspect for optimization of diagnostics and management of patients with ulcerative colitis.
Depersonalization and psychosensory disorders amongst young people who do not seek psychiatric help appeal for psychiatrysts (prevalence, clinical features and classification)
Authors: Ruzhenkova V. V. , Ruzhenkov V. A. , Bykova A. A. , Kolosova M. A.
Published: January 2019

The importance of this study is justified by the high occurance frequency of this phenomenon amongst young people in the clinical structure of mental disorders and as well as in the framework of psychological defense mechanisms in psychiatrically healthy population. The question of the limits of depersonalization remains unresolved, as there is no single point of view regarding the syndromological affiliation, rendering it ambiguous to evaluate it as a productive or negative disorder.
Aim. This study was aimed at verifying the prevalence and clinical structure of depersonalization symptoms amongst young people.
Materials and Methods. A continuous sample consisting of 96 medical students – 68 (71%) female and 28 (29%) male, from 18 to 23 (19±1.2) years was studied using medico-social, clinico-psychopathological, psychometric and statistical methods.
Results. Depersonalization symptoms were found amongst 94% of respondents. Different forms of autopsychic depersonalization were identified in the different psyche spheres – effector-volitional sphere, thinking and self-awareness (except the depersonalization in emotional sphere – «pathological insensitivity», which were previously identified). The validity of their separation was confirmed by cluster analysis. Along with depersonalization disorders, in more than half of the cases, a variety of psychosensory disorders were observed.
Conclusions. Depersonalization phenomena along with various psychosensory disorders are widespread amongst adolescents without obvious mental disorders or gender preference. Therapy is useful if depersonalization obstructs social functioning and coupled with anxiety and depression.
Metabolic syndrome in patients with anal fistulae
Authors: Muhabbatov D. K. , Gulov M. K. , Hamroev B. M.
Published: January 2019

Aim of work: to study the incidence of components of metabolic syndrome in patients with anal fistulae, to analyze combinations of different components of metabolic syndrome and types of pararectal fistulae.
Materials and Methods. A clinical examination of 508 patients (85.2% – men; 21.5% at the age of 20-39 years, 43.9% – 40-59 years, 34.6% – ≥60 years) with anal fistulae (of them 48.0% were transsphincteric and 29.3% – extrasphincteric fistulae) who underwent treatment in the department of coloproctology of municipal clinical hospital №5 of Dushanbe in the period from 2010 to 2015, was conducted with the aim of identification of components of metabolic syndrome.
Results. In 282 patients (55.5% of the total number of patients with anal fistulae, 90.8% of them being men) components of metabolic syndrome were identified: obesity – in 229 patients (45.1% of the total patients with anal fistulae), arterial hypertension – in 115 patients (22,6%), type 2 diabetes mellitus – in 58 patients (11.4%), IHD – in 8 patients (1.6%). In the presence of components of metabolic syndrome the recurrent forms of fistulae were recorded in 16.3% of cases (in the absence – in 12.8% of cases), and complicated forms – extrasphincteric (29.3%) predominated over intrasphincteric forms (22.7%); in control group the proportion of the mentioned forms was 24.8% and 29.2%, respectively. Transsphincteric forms were most common in both groups (48.0% and 46.0%).
Conclusions. Components of metabolic syndrome in different combinations were identified in more than half (55.5%) the patients with anal fistulae (obesity – 45.1%, arterial hypertension – 22.6%, 2 type diabetes mellitus – 11.4%, IHD – 1.6%). A tendency was recorded to a more common recurrence of anal fistulae and to a more complicated forms of anal fistulae in patients with components of metabolic syndrome.
Clinical and laboratory peculiarities of combined clinical course of metabolic and articular syndromes
Authors: Gorbunova Dar'ja Yu. , Morgunova Zinaida A. , Uryasyev Oleg M.
Published: January 2019

Aim. To identify clinical and laboratory peculiarities of a combined clinical course of metabolic and articular syndromes.
Materials and Methods. In the research 126 individuals participated. They were arranged into 3 groups: the 1st group included 46 patients with comorbid pathology, the 2nd group – 44 patients with metabolic syndrome, and the 3d group – 36 patients with articular syndrome. The following parameters were evaluated: anthropometric data (height, body mass, body mass index, waist circumference), lipid spectrum, glycohemoglobin, nonspecific markers of inflammation, daily profile of arterial pressure.
Results. In the group with comorbid pathology higher average values of body mass were recorded – 115.8 [60;140] kg in comparison with the 2nd and 3d groups – 93.5 [72;130] and 71.5 [58;98] kg, respectively; erythrocyte sedimentation rate – 18.3 [5;34] mm/h was reliably higher than in the 2nd group (11.5 [2;24] mm/h), and median cholesterol (6.18 [5,39;6,85] mmol/L) was higher than in the 3d group (4.82 [3,48;5,61] mmol/L). In the 1st and 2nd groups higher average values of systolic arterial pressure were recorded in comparison with the 3d group – 158,5 [120;190]; 154,6 [115;190] and 126,4 [96;168] mm Hg, respectively.
Conclusions. In patients with combined metabolic and articular syndromes higher values of body mass and systolic arterial pressure were identified. Based on the laboratory findings, parameters of cholesterol and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were higher in patients with comorbid condition than in those with the isolated pathologies.
Possibilities of use of plant derived nonstarch polysaccharides in clinical practice
Authors: Chernykh Ivan V. , Kirichenko Ekarina E. , Shchulkin Aleksey V. , Popova Natalia M. , Kotlyarova Anna A.
Published: January 2019

Inhibition of Pglycoprotein transporter protein (ABCB1protein, Pgp) is a promising method to increase the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy in different pathologies: neoplastic diseases, epilepsy, cerebral circulation disorders. Pgp is a large transmembrane protein that provides efflux of a wide range of endo and xenobiotics from cells, and plays a significant role in pharmacokinetics of many medical drugs. Nowadays not a single synthetic inhibitor of the transporter is used in clinical practice due to nonselectivity of action, toxicity and high cost. Medicinal herbal remedies possess different pharmacological and therapeutic effects, rarely cause side effects and are economically accessible. This review presents the results of experiments in which affiliation of the oligo and polysaccharides to substrates and inhibitors of Pgp was analyzed, and which precondition further studies of other plant derived polysaccharides. Possibilities of using plant derived nonstarch polysaccharides in complex therapy of tumors are described, since along with potential inhibition of the transporter, they possess an antitumor effect and can also assist in correction of side effects of cytostatics. The prospects of using plant derived nonstarch polysaccharides for improvement of the effectiveness of neuroprotective therapy are presented, because they not only can increase the penetration of neuroprotective drugs across the bloodbrain barrier through Pgp inhibition, but also possess their own neuroprotective activity, as well as a number of pharmacological effects that can give a positive result in the complex treatment of brain pathologies. Thus investigations of plant nonstarch polysaccharides, their isolation and development of medical drugs on their basis is a promising direction of modern medicine.
Innovative aspects of I.P. Pavlov’s scientific and pedagogical activity
Authors: Chugunow Lena
Published: January 2019

Formation and development of Pavlov’s scientific ideas are traced in the historical objective material of Pavlov’s school.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was a brilliant organizer of collective scientific work. His innovation was represented in famous «Pavlov’s Wednesdays», organized in 1922.

«Pavlov’s Wednesdays» is not only the document of the physiologist’s thinking process about the higher nervous system in its highest phase of development and informative complex of his scientific doctrine – it is a new method of scientific creativity – «collective thinking».