bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Out-patient commitment order use in Norway: incidence and prevalence rates, duration and use of mental health services from the Norwegian Outpatient Commitment Study
Authors: Riley Henriette , Sharashova Ekaterina , Rugkåsa Jorun , Nyttingnes Olav , Christensen Tore Buer , Austegard Ann-Torunn Andersen , Løvsletten Maria , Lau Bjørn , Høyer Georg
Published: September 2019

Background

Norway authorised out-patient commitment in 1961, but there is a lack of representative and complete data on the use of out-patient commitment orders.

Aims

To establish the incidence and prevalence rates on the use of out-patient commitment in Norway, and how these vary across service areas. Further, to study variations in out-patient commitment across service areas, and use of in-patient services before and after implementation of out-patient commitment orders. Finally, to identify determinants for the duration of out-patient commitment orders and time to readmission.

Method

Retrospective case register study based on medical files of all patients with an out-patient commitment order in 2008–2012 in six catchment areas in Norway, covering one-third of the Norwegian population aged 18 years or more. For a subsample of patients, we recorded use of in-patient care 3 years before and after their first-ever out-patient commitment.

Results

Annual incidence varied between 20.7 and 28.4, and prevalence between 36.5 and 48.9, per 100 000 population aged 18 years or above. Rates differed significantly between catchment areas. Mean out-patient commitment duration was 727 days (s.d. = 889). Use of in-patient care decreased significantly in the 3 years after out-patient commitment compared with the 3 years before. Use of antipsychotic medication through the whole out-patient commitment period and fewer in-patient episodes in the 3 years before out-patient commitment predicted longer time to readmission.

Conclusions

Mechanisms behind the pronounced variations in use of out-patient commitment between sites call for further studies. Use of in-patient care was significantly reduced in the 3 years after a first-ever out-patient commitment order was made.

Declaration of interest

None.
Reduced stability and pH-dependent activity of a common obesity-linked PCSK1 polymorphism, N221D
Authors: Jarvela Timothy S , Gahlot Surbhi , Shakya Manita , Bachor Tomas , White Anne , Low Malcolm J , Lindberg Iris
Published: September 2019

Common mutations in the human prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) gene (PCSK1) are linked to increased risk of obesity. Previous work has shown that the rs6232 SNP (N221D) results in slightly decreased activity, though whether this decrease underlies obesity risk is not clear. We observed significantly decreased activity of the N221D PC1/3 enzyme at the pH of the trans-Golgi network; at this pH, the mutant enzyme was less stable than wild-type enzyme. Recombinant N221D PC1/3 also showed enhanced susceptibility to heat stress. Enhanced susceptibility to tunicamycin-induced ER stress was observed in AtT-20/PC2 cell clones in which murine PC1/3 was replaced by human N221D PC1/3, as compared to wild-type human PC1/3. However, N221D PC1/3-expressing AtT-20/PC2 clones processed proopiomelanocortin to α-MSH similarly to wild-type PC1/3.

We also generated a CRISPR-edited mouse line expressing the N221D mutation in the Pcsk1 gene. When homozygous N221D mice were fed either a standard or a high fat diet, we found no increase in body weight compared to their wild-type sibling controls. Sexual dimorphism was observed in pituitary ACTH for both genotypes, with females exhibiting lower levels of pituitary ACTH. In contrast, hypothalamic α−MSH content for both genotypes was higher in females compared to males. Hypothalamic CLIP content was higher in wild-type females compared to wild-type, but not N221D, males.

Together, these data suggest that the increased obesity risk linked to the N221D allele in humans may be due in part to PC1/3-induced loss of resilience to stressors rather than strictly to decreased enzymatic activity on peptide precursors.
Knockdown of HE4 suppresses aggressive cell growth and malignant progression of ovarian cancer by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Wang Aihong , Jin Canhui , Tian Xiaoyu , Wang Ying , Li Hongyu
Published: September 2019

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is well known to be a predictor of ovarian cancer clinically. HE4 is reported to play crucial roles in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis. The purpose of the present study was to explore its biological role and molecular mechanism in ovarian cancer. In our study, we found that expression levels of HE4 in tissues, serum and urine in ovarian cancer were upregulated compared to healthy and benign groups. HE4 expression was elevated in ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of HE4 dampened cell proliferation and Ki67 expression, as well as enhanced apoptosis, caspase-3 activity and cleaved-caspase-3 expression. In addition, HE4 downregulation repressed invasion and migration capabilities of ovarian cancer cells. Western blot analyses showed that knockdown of HE4 reduced the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and inhibited epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ovarian cancer cells. In vivo animal experiments revealed that HE4 downregulation constrained the growth of xenograft tumor. Mechanism research showed that knockdown HE4 inhibited the activity of JAK/STAT3 pathway in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our findings reported that knockdown of HE4 suppresses aggressive cell growth and malignant progression of ovarian cancer by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway, which provides valuable insights to contribute to develop novel HE4-targeted therapies.
Individual Response to Standardized Exercise: Total and Abdominal Adipose Tissue
Authors: BRENNAN ANDREA M. , DAY ANDREW G. , COWAN THERESA E. , CLARKE GREGORY J. , LAMARCHE BENOIT , ROSS ROBERT
Published: September 2019

Purpose

(1) Determine the effect of exercise amount and intensity on the proportion of individuals for whom the adipose tissue (AT) response is above the minimal clinically important difference (MCID); and (2) Examine whether clinically meaningful anthropometric changes reflect individual AT responses above the MCID.

Methods

Men (n = 41) and women (n = 62) (52.7 ± 7.6 yr) were randomized to control (n = 20); low amount low intensity (n = 24); high amount low intensity (n = 30); and high amount high intensity (n = 29) treadmill exercise for 24 wk. The AT changes were measured by MRI. 90% confidence intervals for each individual’s observed response were calculated as the observed score ±1.64 × TE (technical error of measurement).

Results

For visceral AT, HAHI and HALI had a greater proportion of individuals whose AT change and 90% confidence interval were beyond the MCID compared to controls (P < 0.006). For all other AT depots, all exercise groups had significantly more individuals whose changes were beyond the MCID compared with controls. Of those who achieved a waist circumference or body weight reduction ≥ the MCID, 76% to 93% achieved abdominal, abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral AT changes ≥ the MCID.

Conclusions

Increasing exercise amount and/or intensity may increase the proportion of individuals who achieve clinically meaningful visceral AT reductions. Waist circumference or body weight changes beyond a clinically meaningful threshold are predictive of clinically meaningful abdominal adiposity changes.
Addressing complex societal challenges in health education – A physiotherapy-led initiative embedding inclusion health in an undergraduate curriculum
Authors: Broderick Julie , Waugh Alice , Mc Govern Mark , Alpine Lucy , Kiernan Sinead , Murphy Niamh , Hodalova Sofia , Feehan Sorcha , Ní Cheallaigh Clíona
Published: September 2019

Socially marginalised groups suffer vastly poorer health outcomes compared to the general population. Inclusion health seeks to directly address the health inequities experienced by groups such as homeless people and refugees. Despite the unique healthcare needs experienced by these vulnerable groups, inclusion health features very little in health education curricula.

This letter has been written by a group of clinicians, academics, clinical education specialists and students with a common interest in inclusion health. In the absence of established guidance on how best to incorporate the broad topic of inclusion health in undergraduate education, we have developed a two-pronged approach within physiotherapy. We are writing to highlight the following initiatives; firstly, the provision of a dedicated undergraduate clinical placement devoted to the area of inclusion health. Secondly, we have also initiated a step-wise process of introducing the topic of inclusion health into the formal undergraduate curriculum.

This letter demonstrates the need to implement strategies to incorporate inclusion health into the curriculum and the approaches described are applicable to diverse health professions and settings.
Traduire l’incertitude
Authors: Macris Spiros
Published: September 2019

About Some Poems of Hans Faverey (1933-1990)

Representation, as an actualisation of a text, is the real object of translation. In order to better understand the implications of this theoretical position, it is explored through the study of translations into French and English of a few poems by the Dutch writer Hans Faverey (1933-1990) as his work constitutes a radical critique of representation. The means of his critique are: autonomy of the poem considered as a device, referential deviation, syntactic alteration, etc. These elements transform the translation process in the sense of a greater indeterminacy, but also change the nature of the translational process. These multidimensional modifications find an adequate theoretical framework in Roman Ingarden’s analysis of translation as an intentional object.
Water Quality and Heavy Metals Distribution in Surface Water of the Kelantan River Basin (Malaysia)
Authors: Hee Yet Yin , Suratman Suhaimi , Aziz Azyyati Abdul
Published: September 2019

This paper explores the water quality status of the Kelantan River from the middle to lower reaches of the basin, during the dry and wet seasons, in order to provide a scientific reference for protecting local aquatic environments and managing river basin development in the future. Although research shows that this river basin is fell in Class I under Malaysian National Water Quality Standard in term of heavy metals, the river was overall classified as slightly polluted, based on the Malaysian Department of Environment-Water Quality Index (DOE-WQI), with total suspended solids (up to 291 mg/L) reaching the allowable threshold limit established by DOE. Field data suggests that the decomposition of organic matter could have resulted in lowering the dissolved oxygen levels in the water column. With regards to heavy metals, it was found that they mainly originated from natural sources, but with an increasing level of contribution from anthropogenic activities.
Heavy Metal Pollution and Mobility in Soils within a Landfill Vicinity: A South African Case study
Authors: Nyika Joan Mwihaki , Onyari Ednah Kwamboka , Dinka Megersa Olumana , Mishra Shivani Bhardwaj
Published: September 2019

Heavy metal contamination in soils results from anthropogenic and lithologic factors and is a potential hazard to land and water resources. Sources of such pollution include landfills, domestic sewage, agricultural fertilisers and industries. In this work, soils from Roundhill landfill vicinity in South Africa were sampled and analyzed to determine the concentrations of particular heavy metals, namely As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn. The main objectives of this work were to: quantify the concentration levels of heavy metals in the soil; determine the mobility of the heavy metals in the soil; and establish their origins and interrelationships. The soils were collected at various distances and depths from the landfill facility. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil samples were analysed by ICP-MS and statistical analysis was carried out to establish their relationships and sources. From the analysis, some elements including Cr, Mn, Cu and Ni had measured concentrations beyond the threshold limits in most sampling sites irrespective of their distance and depth from the landfill vicinity. Conversely, some elements were observed to be immobile and had higher concentrations on the top soils closer to the landfill, such as As, Pb, Zn, Co and V. Iron (Fe) had high concentrations in all the sampling sites due to its natural occurrence in the parent rocks. In conclusion, the potential of soil quality deterioration due to heavy metal pollution in a landfill vicinity was observed. Furthermore, all heavy metals observed showed positive correlation to each other except for As and Co, indicating same origin.
Biochemical Changes During Withering Process of CTC Black Tea Manufacture
Authors: Kalidass Sitharanjan , Vijaya Karuppana Udaiyar , Kumar Rajagopal Raj
Published: September 2019

Tea is one of the unique non-alcoholic beverages consumed all over the world next to water. During manufacturing process of CTC made tea, withering is one of the important stage wherein physical changes taken place besides certain biochemical variations. Current research was carried out the biochemical changes in the green leaves and quality attributes of made tea with respect to extended withering period using “Assam” seedlings and an unique “Chinery” clone, UPASI-9. Results on biochemical constituents of the both withered green leaves and made teas of “Assam” seedlings and UPASI-9 followed identical pattern with certain deviations. Polyphenols transformed rapidly in “Assam” seedlings while it was found to slow in UPASI-9. Processed teas showed irregular pattern in terms of TF, TR, TLC and WE values in both the test materials. TR:TF ratio enhanced in UPASI-9, after 12 hours of withering period. Overall results revealed that withering of harvested green leaves till 16 hours could be the optimum time to achieve the quality teas with desired flavor. Data generated on withered green leaf constituents and made tea attributes of both the test materials are presented and discussed in detail.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of New Derivatives of Angular Polycyclic Phenoxazine Ring System
Authors: Ezeokonkwo Mercy Amarachukwu , Iloka Kingsley Chizoba , Okoro Uchechukwu Chris , Onoabedje Efeturi Abreham , Ezema Benjamin Ebere , Ibeanu Fidelia Ngozi , Ugwu David Izuchukwu , Eze Florence Uchenna , Uzoewulu Chiamaka Peace
Published: September 2019

Synthesis of angular polycyclic phenoxazine derivatives incorporating different phenols is reported in 30-99% yields. O-arylation of 6-chlorodibenzo[a,j] phenoxazin-5-one with a variety of electron-deficient, electron-neutral and electron-rich phenols under the catalytic palladium (II) acetate/t-BuXphos system furnished the compounds of interest. The highest yields were obtained when the intermediate was coupled with electron-rich phenols. IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and Mass spectra data, confirmed the structures of all the synthesized compounds. Study on the in vitro biological evaluation of the compounds against microorganisms revealed that they are potent antibacterial and antifungal agents, as they showed significant biological activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginasa, Basillus substilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.
Quantitative Identification of Muscle Tissue by Means of Biomarker Peptides by Using Method of Multiple Reaction Monitoring
Authors: Kulikovskii Andrey Vladimirovich , Vostrikova Natalya Leonidovna , Chernukha Irina Mikhailovna , Khvostov Daniil Vladislavovich
Published: September 2019

Insufficient quality and replacement of raw meat for vegetable are quite urgent problems. This is due to the expansion of rights and the emergence of new meat processing enterprises. The manufacturer may use vegetable protein, new unregistered feed additives. This paper presents the LC-MS method for detecting and quantifying two different types of meat (beef and pork) in a biological matrix of structureless minced meat. After isolating the proteins and digesting them with trypsin, species-specific peptide markers were selected for each animal species for quantitative determination. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Agilent 1260 with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer detector 6410 was provided for ease of usage and improve veracity of the analysis. This analysis used three stable peptides for the quantitative determination of two putative muscle biomarkers for pork and beef in minced meat with a 25-minute analysis. Good sensitivity was established (LOD 0.23–0.29%) with the ability to quantify the muscle tissue of each animal species (LOQ 0.70–0.86%) using special calibration curves.
Performance of UASB Post Treatment Technologies for Sewage Treatment in Surat City
Authors: Vashi Nimeshchandra Vasanji , Shah Navinchandra Champaklal , Desai Kishor Ratilal
Published: September 2019

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) process is a popular process for treatment of sewage in India due to its low power requirement. However, UASB system has many limitations in terms of removal of carbon, nutrients and pathogens. This requires post treatment after UASB to meet the treated water quality standards. Current treatment processes adopted for the post-treatment of anaerobically treated sewage, especially the full-scale UASB reactors in Surat, India are presented. Two full scale treatment plants with different UASB post treatment processes viz., Extended Aeration and Moving Bed Biological Reactor (MBBR) are selected for studies. A pilot study was carried out in a full scale Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) to study the performance of Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) for treatment of UASB treated sewage and the results are reported for period of Three months. Inlet and outlet parameters such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), etc. for post UASB biological process are presented. The performance of the SBR process was observed to be better among all the processes studied.
Ultrasound Synthesis of Benzimidazolo-1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives and Their Anti-Histamine and Anti-Diabetic Activities
Authors: Aljameel Suhailah S. , Fataftah Houda M. , El-Rahman Soheir N. Abd , Elsharif Asma, M. , Hafiane A. , Kamoun Madiha
Published: September 2019

The present work aims to evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-histamine activity of the synthesized benzimidazolo-1,3,5- triazine derivatives. These newly products have been synthesized under ultrasound irradiation with good yields and their structures were established by spectral data. The amylase inhibition assay and diclorofenac were used to evaluate the antidiabetic and antihistamine of all synthesized derivatives, respectively. It was shown that compounds 3c and 3e give the best of inhibition results of the amylase enzyme with respect to 2-aminobenzimidazole and other derivatives at a concentration of 1000 μg / l, IC 50 = 59.4 and 52.1, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 3e, 3f, 3d, and 3a give highly significant inhibition activity against histamine at various concentrations, IC50 = 25.6, 29.4, 101.9, 121.6, respectively, than compound 3c, 3b, and 2-aminobenzimidazole.
Effect of Different Solvent and Ratio Towards Microalgae Oil Production by Ultrasonic Assisted Soxhlet Extraction Techniques
Authors: Wong Y.C. , Shahirah R.
Published: September 2019

Currently, the renewable feedstock is the most needed worldwide. Microalgae are promising raw materials for supplying biofuels due to the depletion of fossil fuels. The microalgae found were mostly consists of freshwater algae. The aim of this research is to study the effect of different solvents and ratio using Soxhlet extraction method. Many parameters were introduced in this study in order to enhance the lipid production of microalgae. Lipid content of algae oil production known as Fatty acid that found was being analyzed. Different solvents used and ratio was expected to have different highest in lipid content. Chloroform, ethanol, and hexane were chosen as the solvents used. The best solvent for lipid production was the combination of different solvents and ratio. Data showed that 8% is the highest total oil extraction yield obtained from combination of chloroform and ethanol with a ratio (1:2). The compound and lipid content in algae oil are analyzed through Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis. Fatty acids have many benefits and also have interest preparation for health products. Green microalgae strain was being identified and cultured as future potential for biodiesel production. Significant of this study is to unveil the benefit of algae oil as sustainable future resources.
Micro-Nutrient Contents of Some Fresh Water Fish Species of Manipur, India
Authors: Romharsha Hawaibam , Sarojnalini Chungkham
Published: September 2019

Proximate composition, total amino acid (TAA), mineral and vitamin contents of four fresh water fish species, viz., Bangana devdevi, Gagata dolichonema, Garra abhoyai and Opsarius barnoides were determined. Fish species were collected from different parts of Manipur. The highest moisture and ash content were recorded in O. barnoides (72.59±0.15% and 15.47±0.32% respectively). The highest total lipid and protein content were recorded in G. dolichonema (6.50±0.30% and 20.99±1.25% respectively); while the highest TAA was recorded in B. devdevi (462.38±1.6mg/100g). When comparing the mineral contents among the species, good amount of calcium, sodium and iron were recorded in G. dolichonema (2302.50±4.95, 110.00±0.29 and 38.04±0.03 mg/100g respectively. Vitamin A and E content were high in B. devdevi (7.04±0.07 and 4.08±0.12 mg/100g respectively). It could be concluded that, apart from other diets the four species reported from Manipur will provide a good amount of protein, TAA, minerals, vitamin A and E in human nutrition.
A within-cultural comparison of filial piety beliefs among college students in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau
Authors: Chen Wei-Wen , Wu Chih-Wen , Zhou Yisu , Lo Yun-Jia
Published: September 2019

This study investigated variance in the structure, functions and implications of young adults’ dual filial piety beliefs in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan using the dual filial piety model (DFPM). A total of 879 Chinese college students participated in the study, including 424 students in Hong Kong, 155 in Macau and 300 in Taiwan. Information on these young adults’ filial piety beliefs and life satisfaction was collected. The results showed that while measures of filial piety beliefs performed well in general in the three regions, there were some regional differences. Young adults in Taiwan and Macau endorsed stronger reciprocal filial piety beliefs than young adults in Hong Kong, whereas young adults in Macau and Taiwan endorsed stronger authoritarian filial piety beliefs than their peers in Taiwan. In Taiwan, both reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety positively contributed to young adults’ life satisfaction. However, only reciprocal filial piety mattered for life satisfaction in Macau, and only authoritarian filial piety in Hong Kong.
“Of course we’ll like it, we’re kids!”: interrogating childhood and parenting through children’s food
Authors: Patico Jennifer
Published: September 2019

The notion that children naturally gravitate towards sugary, starchy, packaged foods – and that carefully regulating their consumption is integral to good parenting – seems common sense to many in the USA and beyond. Yet such facts are not universal, but part of how childhood is being constructed in a particular moment. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic research in Atlanta among adults and children, this article examines how visions of childhood were reproduced through food practices and discourses in one school community. Here, parenting was understood to involve monitoring what children consumed, to some extent working against children’s perceived natures; at the same time, parents hesitated to overly control or limit childhood pleasures, indicating tensions in neoliberal imperatives towards self-management (to which children’s putatively unmeasured and unsophisticated tastes presented both challenges and imaginative contrast). Ultimately, the study interrogates the sociopolitical effects of such discourses about the tastes of the ‘typical child’, which can elide and obscure dynamics of class.
Comunicación política: caja de herramientas
Authors: Rivas-de-Roca Rubén
Published: September 2019

El libro Comunicación política: caja de herramientas expone el valor de la comunicación en las actuales democracias representativas. El autor realiza una revisión detallada sobre los distintos paradigmas que han caracterizado la relación entre comunicación y política. Además, esta investigación académica se acompaña de una explicación pormenorizada de las principales herramientas comunicativas con las que cuentan los asesores electorales, instrumentos que son objeto de reflexión crítica.
Invisible pollutants: environmental, economic and social impacts as a threat to water quality
Authors: Da Silva Antunes de Souza Maria Cláudia , Antunes de Souza Greyce Kelly
Published: September 2019

The object of this study is a discussion on the environmental, social and economic impacts of invisible pollutants as a threat to water quality and sustainability. The investigation is geared towards contributing to effective sustainability, taking into account its threat by invisible pollutants and the fact that these pollutants are not included in routine monitoring programs of Health and Environmental bodies, nor are they incorporated to standards or legislation for environmental control. The work was then divided, and it first analyzes the importance of water quality in the attainment of sustainability. Next, it analyzes the Brazilian law on water resources; and finally, it discusses the challenges to maintain the quality of water considering the environmental, social and economic impacts of invisible pollutants. After detailed study, it is perceived that the reason for concern is that these minuscule molecules are resistant to conventional water treatment processes. They can even become increasingly toxic and pollute the noblest resource: water. For this reason, water, even after treatment, can still contain residual contaminants which, after reaching their concentration limits, become toxic and change aquatic communities. This is a critical situation, since all impacts of these molecules are still not entirely known.
Do Indigenous American Peoples’ Stories Inform the Study of Dog Domestication?
Authors: Mech L. David
Published: September 2019

I discuss the article “Relationships Between Indigenous American Peoples and Wolves 1: Wolves as Teachers and Guides” (Fogg et al. 2015) and the book “The First Domestication: How Wolves and Humans Coevolved” (Pierotti and Fogg 2017). The article proposed that published stories about interactions between indigenous American peoples and wolves (Canis lupus) provide insight into wolf-human relationships as humans began domesticating wolves. In the book, the authors offer a theory of how wolves and humans coevolved by building on the information in the article and the authors’ long experience with captive and pet wolves, wolf-dog hybrids, and dogs. I (1) present arguments and evidence that question the value of indigenous American stories for drawing conclusions about the relationship between early humans and wolves 14,000 yrs BP; (2) demonstrate how indigenous American stories contradict documented information about wolf biology, behavior, and known interactions with humans; and (3) point out important information not considered by the authors about wolf attacks on humans and the importance of rabies in the wolf-human relationship.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: August 2019
Authors: Park James S.
Published: September 2019

Article Title: ACG Clinical Guideline: Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Continuing Medical Education Questions: August 2019
Authors: Richter Seth J.
Published: September 2019

Article Title: Sarcoidosis Involving the Gastrointestinal Tract: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Management
Boerhaave Syndrome Causing Bilateral Empyemas
Authors: Chalikonda Divya , Yoo Joseph , Johnson Drew , Tofani Christina
Published: September 2019

Boerhaave syndrome is a perforation of the esophagus caused by a sudden increase in intraluminal pressure. It is known to be associated with left-sided pleural effusion and mediastinitis, but rarely presents with bilateral effusion. Its association with the presence of a hiatal hernia is unclear. We present a patient with a hiatal hernia who developed bilateral empyemas because of Boerhaave syndrome and was treated with an endoscopically placed esophageal stent.
Long-Term Natural History of Microscopic Colitis: A Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Loreau Julien , Duricova Dana , Gower-Rousseau Corinne , Savoye Guillaume , Ganry Olivier , Ben Khadhra Hajer , Sarter Hélène , Yzet Clara , Le Mouel Jean-Philippe , Kohut Mathieu , Brazier Franck , Chatelain Denis , Nguyen-Khac Eric , Dupas Jean-Louis , Fumery Mathurin
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Data on long-term natural history of microscopic colitis (MC), including collagenous (CC) and lymphocytic colitis (LC), are lacking.

METHODS:

All new cases of MC diagnosed in the Somme area, France, between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2007, were prospectively included. Colonic biopsies from all patients were reviewed by a group of 4 gastrointestinal pathologist experts to assess the diagnosis of CC or LC. Demographic and clinical data were retrospectively collected from diagnosis to February 28, 2017.

RESULTS:

One hundred thirty cases of MC, 87 CC and 43 LC, were included (median age at diagnosis: 70 [interquartile range, 61–77] and 48 [IQR, 40–61] years, respectively). The median follow-up was 9.6 years (7.6; 10.6). By the end of the follow-up, 37 patients (28%) relapsed after a median time of 3.9 years (1.2; 5.0) since diagnosis, without significant difference between CC and LC (30% vs 26%; P = 0.47). Twenty patients (15%) were hospitalized for a disease flare, and 32 patients (25%) presented another autoimmune disease. Budesonide was the most widely used treatment (n = 74, 59%), followed by 5-aminosalicylic acid (n = 31, 25%). The median duration of budesonide treatment was 92 days (70; 168), and no adverse event to budesonide was reported. Sixteen patients (22%) developed steroid dependency and 4 (5%) were corticoresistant. No difference in the risk of digestive and extradigestive cancer was observed compared with the general population. None of the death (n = 25) observed during the follow-up were linked to MC. In multivariate analysis, age at diagnosis (HR, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.06; P = 0.02) and budesonide exposure (HR, 2.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–5.55; P = 0.03) were significantly associated with relapse.

DISCUSSION:

This population-based study showed that after diagnosis, two-third of the patients with MC observed long-term clinical remission. Age at diagnosis and budesonide exposure were associated with a risk of relapse.
Development and Validation of a Model to Predict Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalized Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Patidar Kavish R. , Xu Chenjia , Shamseddeen Hani , Cheng Yao-Wen , Ghabril Marwan S. , Mukthinuthalapati V.V. Pavan K. , Fricker Zachary P. , Akinyeye Samuel , Nephew Lauren D. , Desai Archita P. , Anderson Melissa , El-Achkar Tarek M. , Chalasani Naga P. , Orman Eric S.
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis which contributes to morbidity and mortality. Improved prediction of AKI in this population is needed for prevention and early intervention. We developed a model to identify hospitalized patients at risk for AKI.

METHODS:

Admission data from a prospective cohort of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis without AKI on admission (n = 397) was used for derivation. AKI development in the first week of admission was captured. Independent predictors of AKI on multivariate logistic regression were used to develop the prediction model. External validation was performed on a separate multicenter cohort (n = 308).

RESULTS:

In the derivation cohort, the mean age was 57 years, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score was 17, and 59 patients (15%) developed AKI after a median of 4 days. Admission creatinine (OR: 2.38 per 1 mg/dL increase [95% CI: 1.47–3.85]), international normalized ratio (OR: 1.92 per 1 unit increase [95% CI: 1.92–3.10]), and white blood cell count (OR: 1.09 per 1 × 109/L increase [95% CI: 1.04–1.15]) were independently associated with AKI. These variables were used to develop a prediction model (area underneath the receiver operator curve: 0.77 [95% CI: 0.70–0.83]). In the validation cohort (mean age of 53 years, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 16, and AKI development of 13%), the area underneath the receiver operator curve for the model was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61–0.78).

DISCUSSION:

A model consisting of admission creatinine, international normalized ratio, and white blood cell count can identify patients with cirrhosis at risk for in-hospital AKI development. On further validation, our model can be used to apply novel interventions to reduce the incidence of AKI among patients with cirrhosis who are hospitalized.
IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI LAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING KOMPREHENSIF BAGI SISWA TUNANETRA DI MTs YAKETUNIS YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Rahmat Hayatul Khairul
Published: September 2019

The purposes of this study is to determine the implementation of a comprehensive guidance and counseling service strategy for students with visual impairment in MTs Yaketunis Yogyakarta. This study used qualitative research methods. The data collection method uses interviews and documentation. Futhermore, the research subjects were counseling teachers at the MTs Yaketunis Yogyakarta. The results revealed the implementation of a comprehensive guidance and counseling service strategy for students with visual impairment in MTs Yaketunis Yogyakarta in general has been going well. This can be seen from the indicators that the counseling and counseling service strategy in schools includes four service components with each strategy in it, namely: First, basic services with classical guidance strategies, orientation services, information services, group guidance, and data collection. Second, responsive services use individual counseling strategies, group counseling, referrals, collaboration with subject teachers or homeroom teachers, collaboration with parents of students, collaboration with related parties outside of school, peer guidance, consultation, case conferences, and home visit. Third, individual planning with a placement and distribution service strategy. Fourth, system support uses strategies for network development, management activities, as well as research and development, and evaluation.
Square-integrable representations and multipliers
Authors: Racher Gerhard
Published: September 2019

We observe a connection between the existence of square-integrable representations of a locally compact group G and the existence of nonzero translation invariant operators from its Fourier–Stieltjes algebra

B
⁢

(
G
)

{B(G)}

into

L
2

⁢

(
G
)

{L^{2}(G)}

or, equivalently, from

L
2

⁢

(
G
)

{L^{2}(G)}

into its enveloping von Neumann algebra

C
*

⁢

(
G
)

*
*

{C^{*}(G)^{**}}

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Raw data or hypersymbols? Meaning-making with digital data, between discursive processes and machinic procedures
Authors: Crémier Lucile , Bonenfant Maude , Lafrance St-Martin Laura Iseut
Published: September 2019

The large-scale and intensive collection and analysis of digital data (commonly called “Big Data”) has become a common, popular, and consensual research method for the social sciences, as the automation of data collection, mathematization of analysis, and digital objectification reinforce both its efficiency and truth-value. This article opens with a critical review of the literature on data collection and analysis, and summarizes current ethical discussions focusing on these technologies. A semiotic model of data production and circulation is then introduced to problematize the view that digital data has ceased to stand for a formalization method (a possible kind of representation among others), and effectively “becomes the world itself” (a direct presentation of the world outperforming all other modes of representation). Following Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotics and pragmaticist philosophy, we characterize digitalization as a hypersymbolic semiotic process, and we highlight the naturalization of meaning, the illusion of iconicity, and rhetorical efficiency on which data’s truth value relies within the context of its large-scale, profit-driven, and results-oriented research uses. This outlines some epistemological and ethical implications of data’s visualization, use, and authority, and indicates avenues for critical semiotics of contemporary data science and analysis.
Tailoring of Bandgap to Tune the Optical Properties of Ga1−xAlxY (Y = As, Sb) for Solar Cell Applications by Density Functional Theory Approach
Authors: Mahmood Q. , Rouf Syed Awais , Rashid Muhammad , Jamil M. , Sajjad M. , Laref A.
Published: September 2019

The bandgap was tuned to investigate the electronic and optical aspects using first-principle calculations for solar cells and other optical applications. The bandgap range varies from 1.6 to 2.1 eV for Ga1−xAlxAs and from 0.8 to 1.5 eV for Ga1−xAlxSb (x= 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0). The dispersion, polarisation, and attenuation have been illustrated in terms of transparency and maximum absorption of light. The inversion of polarised atomic planes near the resonance allows the maximum absorption in ultraviolet to visible region. The Penn’s model (ε1(0) ≈ 1 + (ℏωp/Eg)2) and optical relationε1(0)${\varepsilon_{1}}\left(0\right)$= n2(0) confirm the reliability of our finding. The maximum absorption, optical conduction, and minimum optical energy loss increase the credibility of the studied materials for energy storage device manufacture.
Investigations of Physical Properties of XTiH3 and Implications for Solid State Hydrogen Storage
Authors: AL Selgin
Published: September 2019

This study adopts density functional theory to predict and thoroughly investigate new types of perovskite compounds for solid state storage of hydrogen. CaTiH3 and MgTiH3 perovskite hydrides are chosen and investigated using density functional theory in terms of ground state properties, electronic, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties for solid state storage of hydrogen. Stability of compounds are verified by calculating formation energies. Several crucial parameters; elastic constants, bulk, Young, Shear modulus, and Cauchy pressures are computed and analysed in great detail. Mechanical stability evaluation indicated that both compounds are mechanically stable whereas MgTiH3 is ductile whilst CaTiH3 is a brittle material. In addition, mechanical anisotropy is analysed using 2D surfaces. Both compounds showed anisotropic behaviour in all directions except for linear compressibility. Electronic band structures and their corresponding density of states of compounds are obtained. The results indicate that both compounds have metallic nature. From the results presented here, it can be predicted that MgTiH3 is a better material for hydrogen storage with a gravimetric density of ∼4.01 wt %.
Comparison of Stone Retrieval Basket, Stone Cone and Holmium Laser: Which One Is Better in Retropulsion and Stone-Free Status for Patients with Upper Ureteral Calculi?
Authors: Allameh Farzad , Razzaghi Mohammadreza , Fallah-Karkan Morteza , Hosseini Behnam , Tayyebi Azar Ali , Ranjbar Arash , Rahavian Amir Hossein , Ghiasy Saleh
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) is an appropriate treatment for ureteral stones and is usually used for stones in the middle and lower part of the ureter. Different devices such as the Holmium laser, the stone basket, and the stone cone exist to prevent any fragments from retropulsion during TUL. The present study aims to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the Holmium laser, the stone basket, and the stone cone. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from September 2016 to January 2018 comparing various TUL methods in 88 subjects with proximal ureteral calculi. The study participants were divided into 4 matched groups. The first one included 20 patients undergoing TUL with no device (group 1), the second group included 22 patients undergoing TUL while using the stone retrieval basket, the third group included 18 patients undergoing TUL while utilizing the stone cone and the fourth group included 28 patients undergoing TUL while using the Hol-YAG laser. Results: A residual stone ≥3 mm was recorded in 15.9% of the patients. The stone free rate was seen in 100%, 90.9, 83.3%, and 55% of the Holmium laser group, the retrieval basket group, the stone cone group and the no device group respectively (P=0.001). The lowest rate of surgery complications including ureteral perforation, post-operative fever, and mucosal damage between the 4 groups (P=0.003) and the highest time of surgery (P=0.001) belonged to the laser group. If we want to ignore the laser group, the success rate for lithotripsy was better in both groups with a stone retrieval device compared to the no device group, but no advantage existed between the stone basket and the stone cone. Conclusion: We can safely conclude that lasers significantly help to prevent stone migration during TUL. If we want to ignore the laser group, the success rate for lithotripsy was significantly better in both groups with a stone retrieval device compared to the no device group, but no advantage existed between the stone basket and the stone cone.
Laser Versus Pneumatic Lithotripsy With Semi-Rigid Ureteroscope; A Comparative Randomized Study
Authors: Rabani Seyed Mohammadreza , Rabani Seyedhossein , Rashidi Najmeh
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Ureteral stones are among the most common disorders in the urologic field. Miniaturization of endoscopic devices in urology and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has revolutionized the management of ureteral stones. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and results of laser versus pneumatic lithotripsy (PL) with semi-rigid ureteroscope in a randomized prospective clinical trial in removing stones. Methods: 117 adult patients underwent transurethral lithotripsy (TUL) in a single academic center and by a single surgeon. The patients were randomized in 2 groups: In group 1, 58 patients with ureteral stones underwent ureteroscopy and stone fragmentation was done by Ho: YAG laser lithotripsy (LL) and in group 2, 59 patients underwent PL (Swiss LithoClast) by using the same ureteroscope. Results: Mean age was 41.77 years and 41.1years in group one and 2 respectively (P=0.79), there was no significant difference in male to female ratio and mean stone in both groups. The success rate for stone clearance was 79.31% and 77.96% in group 1 and 2 respectively (P=0.52). No difference between complications was seen in both groups, but the duration of operations was different (significantly lower in group 2). Conclusion: In both techniques, acceptable results were achieved. We have found a significant statistical difference in duration of operation between our results (P=0.001) and similar studies, while this was shorter in the pneumatic group in our study, it was longer in other similar ones. This might be a result of more experience in working with PL in our center.
Comparison and Evaluation of the Low-Level Laser and the Red and Blue LED Effects on Wound Healing in Rabbit
Authors: Ghaemi Marjan , Sharifi Davood , Mokmeli Soheila , Kowsari Golshad , Mortazavi Pejman , Golmai Pouneh
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Wound healing is a dynamic, interactive process to achieve the restoration of skin integrity and proper function after damage. Applying a low-level laser (LLL) and light emitting diodes (henceforth LEDs) is introduced in previous studies to accelerate the process of wound healing. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of the LLL and LEDs on wound healing in rabbits. Methods: Full thickness same size square excision wounds were created on the dorsum of the rabbits. Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, according to the treatment received. Group 1: the AlGalInP (aluminium gallium indium phosphide) laser (4 J/cm²); group 2: the red LED (30 J/cm²); group 3: the blue LED (60 J/cm²) and group 4, as the control group, was not irradiated. After 30 days, the wounds were evaluated both morphologically and histopathologically. Statistical significance was defined as a P value of less than 0.05. Results: All interfering methods including the LLL and LEDs had better outcome compared with the control group of both sizes and histopathologic features. The red laser group showed better results compared to the control group and either the LED groups. Comparing LEDs, the red LED performed better than the blue LED. Conclusion: This study confirmed the significant effects of the LLL and LEDs on wound healing. Comparing the LLL and LED, the LED may be a better choice, especially for bedridden or debilitated patients. The LED may also more cost effective in wound healing in comparison with the LLL.
The Effect of Titanium Tetrafluoride Treatment and the CO2 Laser on Acid Resistance of Human Enamel
Authors: Azarsina Mohadese , Panahandeh Narges , Gholipour Tahere , Namdari Mahshid , Fekrazad Reza
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4 ) is deemed more effective than the previous fluoride compounds. To enhance the effect of the fluoride compounds, researchers have suggested their association with lasers, although there are conflicting results in this area. We evaluated the acid resistance of enamel after treatment with the CO2 laser and TiF4 . Methods: Thirteen human premolar teeth were sectioned into 5 parts and each segment was assigned to a study group: co (control): without treatment, AF: enamel treatment with APF 1.23% for 4 minutes, TF: enamel treatment with TiF4 4% for 1 minute, TF-L: enamel treatment with TiF4 4% and then the CO2 laser (Peak power: 1 W, pulse duration: 10 ms, interval time: 500 ms, Beam spot size: 0.2 mm, distance: 2 cm), L-TF: enamel treatment with the CO2 laser and then TiF4 4%. Each sample was kept for 7 days in acidic solution of hydroxyethyl cellulose at pH=4.5, and the amount of the calcium ion released in the solution was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Bonferroni tests. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The average concentration of the calcium ion released in acidic solution was 197.46, 153.30, 99.23, 61.23, 55.46 ppm in the groups respectively. There was a significant difference between the study groups (P<0.0001). Only the difference between TF-L and L-TF was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The loss of calcium from the enamel samples in the groups treated with a combination of the laser and TiF4 was significantly lower than the groups treated with fluoride alone, or the control group. It did not make a significant difference whether the CO2 laser was applied before or after TiF4.