bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Effect of TIG Welding on the Surface Roughness of the Welded Closure of Thin Stainless Steel Tubes
Authors: Al-Badani K. , Elmshawet E. , Tang C. , Kaid T. , Li L. , Liu J. , Wang J. , Ren X. J.
Published: October 2019

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of thin stainless steel tubes is an important manufacturing process with many applications, in particular for the closure of sheathed thermocouples tubes and thermocouple wells. During the welding process, the microstructure, properties as well as the surface roughness is directly influenced by the setup of the welding procedure and material properties. For the steel tubes of thermocouples, the surface roughness also influences the appearance as well as the wetting behaviour between the probe surface and liquid, which could affect the response of the probe or the maintenance when the probe is used to measure the temperature of liquid and gaseous mediums. In this work, welding tests with controlled parameters and analysis has been conducted on thin austenite stainless tubes of different sizes, the surface roughness of the welded tube is characterised for different welding settings. The data shows that the surface roughness varies between 1-3.5 microns and oxidation patch significantly reduce the smoothness of the surface. The influence of the surface roughness of the tube is investigated and their influence on the service conditions such as wetting/dripping is discussed with reference to typical results from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation.
Elastic-plastic Sliding Asperity Interaction of Machined Multiscale Metal Surface
Authors: Li Guoxi , Zhang Kai , Gong Jingzhong
Published: October 2019

Sliding process between asperities of machined metal surface is important to analyse wear mechanisms. Elastic-plastic sliding asperity model based on fractal geometry is proposed in this paper to extend the sliding process of single micro-asperity to a macro-asperity. The contact force, the critical interference and residual interference are calculated with fractal dimension D and fractal roughness G in the multiscale views. The influence of fractal parameters on normal and tangential contact force are studied. The results of the simulation show that the plastic deformation and residual interference are the main factors affecting the contacting force and asperity radius. For smaller G and bigger D surfaces, the sliding interaction of asperities is less remarkable and the plastic force accounts for less in the contact force.
Effect of Bismuth on Sulfide in High Sulfur Free-cutting Steel
Authors: Hu Shaohui , Li Zhiwei , Fan Tian , Fu Jianxun
Published: October 2019

In order to investigate the effect of bismuth content on the morphology of sulfide in free-cutting steel, different pure bismuth particles were added to SAE1215 high sulfur free-cutting steel to modify the sulfide. The samples were observed and analyzed by metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the size of sulfide decreased with the increase of bismuth content. Bismuth exists in steel in three forms: 1) Bismuth exists alone in steel matrix; 2) Bismuth adheres to sulfide; 3) Bismuth encapsulates sulfide. Sulfide exists in the form of MnS in steel with two morphologies: spherical MnS and rod/dendritic MnS. The sulfide morphology changes from rod or dendritic to spherical or ellipsoid with the increase of bismuth content.
Simulation of the Thermal Contact Resistance Characteristics on Rod Fastening Rotor
Authors: Li Yiping
Published: October 2019

The thermal contact resistance model of the rod fastening rotor is improved, which can be more suitable for the engineering condition. By means of numeric simulation, the relationships between characteristics of the heat transfer between contact interfaces and the pre-tightening force of the tie rod, the surface roughness and the temperature of the contact interface are revealed intuitively. The simulation results show that the coefficient of contact heat transfer between the contact interfaces will increases with the pre-tightening pretension of the tie rod, will decreases with the increase of the surface roughness, and will increases with the increase of the surface temperature. It is also shown that the thermal contact resistance between the contact interfaces will have an important influence on the overall temperature distribution and heat transfer of the rod fasten rotor, and the thermal contact resistance between the interfaces must be considered when the temperature field distribution of the rod fastening rotor are accurately researched.
PSO-SVM Model for Classifying Spontaneous Combustion Tendency Grade of Sulfide Ores
Authors: Liu Nianping , Xie Xiaojun , Huang Siqi
Published: October 2019

Three main factor indexes that most reflect spontaneous combustion tendency of sulfide ores were selected such as oxidation increment of ore sample under low temperature, self-heating point temperature and self-burning point temperature as the basic discriminate factors of the classification model. Based on the theory of cross validation and particle swarm optimization(PSO) to optimize the parameters of support vector machine (SVM),the PSO-SVM model for classifying spontaneous combustion tendency grade of sulfide ores was built by using training samples from measured data, and was verified by engineering data. It shows that the model has high predication accuracy, which also is scientific and feasible, it provides a new approach to evaluate the spontaneous combustion tendency grade of ores in any sulfide mines.
Numerical Model and Simulation Analysis of Composite Stringer Docking Structures
Authors: Wei Jingchao , Wang Gang , Cao Su , Chen Xiangming
Published: October 2019

Due to the manufacturing restrictions or design requirements, composite structures are usually connected in the form of butt joint near the wing rib or fuselage frame to solve the problem of discontinuity of load transfer. In this paper, the finite element model of butt joint structure is established by simulating the engineering model of metal fasteners and common joint connected by beam element under the action of in-plane load, and the mechanical simulation analysis of typical butt joint configuration is carried out. In the engineering model, the allowable stress value is used to predict the failure of composite material and the classical strength theory is used to predict the fracture failure of metal fasteners. The result show that the strength prediction obtained by the engineering model is in good agreement with the test results, and the application of this method can improve the calculation efficiency of connection strength with complicated multi-fastened composite structures.
Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Model Compounds Protein and Glucose: Effect of Maillard Reaction on Low Lipid Microalgae
Authors: Tang Xiaohan , Zhang Chao , Yang Xiaoyi
Published: October 2019

Reaction between protein and carbohydrate is important for the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of low lipid microalgae. Model compounds glucose and soy protein were used to simulate the HTL of low lipid microalgae under different conditions. Transfer of element and distributions of compounds were quantified to study the effect of Maillard reaction during HTL. Solid residue was mainly caused by dehydration of glucose. Deamination was the main reaction for protein, although most of the nitrogen was presented in aqueous or gas products, high protein content had bad effects on the quality of bio-crude. Interaction between protein and glucose at optimal ratio could prevent the production of solid residue from glucose and counteract bad effects of protein during HTL, thus promote the quality and yield of bio-crude.
Optimization of Reaction Conditions for Preparing Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Bamboo Scraps by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Chen Weiqing , Wen Ying
Published: October 2019

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is mainly prepared from cotton linter and wood pulp. The bamboo scraps is a kind of natural lignocellulosic material with rich cellulose content. In this paper, the manufacture process of CMC from pre-treated bamboo scraps was reported. Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology were implemented for optimizing the reaction conditions in the light of single factor experiments. The results proved that the optimal factors of carboxymethyl reaction were: pre-treated bamboo powder (contained 91.7% α-cellulose) was added into aqueous ethanol with sodium hydroxide solution, the alkalization kept at 33.6°C for 120min; subsequently, etherifying agent chloroacetic aicd was put into the system and etherification carried out at 54.6°C for 138min. After this preparation process, the product’s viscosity of its 1% water solution was 233 mPa⋅s.
Fractal Analysis on Damage of the Aggregate Gradation Crumb Rubber Concrete Beam with MATLAB
Authors: Sun Hongquan , Wang Jing , Yang Yunxue
Published: October 2019

The fractal dimensions of the surface crack of the three concrete beams with different gradations coarse aggregate crumb rubber in damaging state are calculated. The research indicates that the damage evolution process of the test beams is a process of the fractal dimension increasing. The research result reveals the relationship between damage variables and fractal dimension of the test beams. The small particle size of coarse aggregate gradation has the best mechanical characteristics with the increasing load. It provides a new method for studying the mechanical properties of crumb rubber concrete beams.
Experimental Research on Seismic Behaviour of Railway Bridge Pier
Authors: Fu Guocheng , Hu Yuntian , Liu Lei , Liu Shanzhong , Wang Xiaoxue
Published: October 2019

The shear failure of railway bridge piers has become the main feature of modern bridges. In order to study the shear resistance of railway bridge piers, three models were designed in this paper, including two piers model with a ratio of 1:5 based on Chenglan Railway bridge prototype piers and a test research model. Through the pseudo-static test study on the shear resistance of piers, the failure process of the specimen was given. It was indicated that that A1 and A2 specimen were typical bending failure and possessed enough ductility. And A3 specimen was typical flexure-shear failure. Before loading to yield displacement, stirrup provided little shear strength. After loading to yield displacement, the shear strength provided by stirrup increased gradually with the development of cracks. When the stirrup yielded, its restraint to the core concrete was weaken rapidly, which resulted in the rapid destruction of the bridge pier.
Simulation Analysis on Pile-driving Process of Anti-flood Bionic Screw Pile
Authors: Jia Fanfei , Tang Yanqin , Hu Kun , Wang Yuxing
Published: October 2019

In order to reduce the dynamic energy consumption of pile-driving of the anti-flood screw piles, the unsmoothed surface is applied to the screw pile tip to form an anti-flood bionic screw pile. In ANSYS, the FEM-SPH coupling algorithm is used to model and simulate the pile-driving process of bionic screw piles, and the simulation results of soil stress distribution, radial displacement of soil particles and pile-driving torque are obtained. The results of the pile-driving test show that the test torque is less than the simulated torque, and the soil pressure is consistent with the simulation results. The correctness of the simulation model is verified, which provides a theoretical basis for further improving the bionic screw pile and the pile-driving equipment.
A Laboratory Analysis of Chloride Ions Penetration in Recycled Aggregates Concrete Admixed with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
Authors: Hu Weichao , Li Shengxin , Song Chunmei , Chen Zheng , Chen Liyuan , Yang Yang , Luo Weilong
Published: October 2019

The corrosion of reinforcements in recycled aggregates (RA) structures could be triggered by chloride attack. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) has been recognized a significant cement replacement to improve chloride resistant of concrete. However, the study aimed at time-dependent chloride diffusion of recycled aggregates concrete (RAC) with GGBS was still scarce. Thus, with the data generated at varying immersion durations from long-term bulk immersion tests, the effects of the content of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and immersion time on time-dependent chloride diffusion were studied. The results indicated that the apparent diffusion coefficient (D
app) of recycled aggregates concrete decreases with immersion time. Moreover, the total chloride concentration decrease with the increase of GGBS replacement. When increasing the content of GGBS from 0% to 30%, the value of D
app decreases from 28.9% to 52.2%, while 67.2%∼40.6% of reduction was observed on D
app with the addition of 60% GGBS at different immersion time.
Adsorption and Co-precipitation of Metoprolol with Struvite Recovered from Synthetic Source Separated Black Wastewater
Authors: Wang Jiangjiang , Zhou Qixing , Liu Yang
Published: October 2019

Due to the residues of metoprolol (MET) in black wastewater, recovering phosphate as struvite (MgNH4PO4 · 6H2O) from black wastewater may pose threats to the utilization of struvite in the agricultural planting and human health. In this study, the adsorption and co-precipitation experiments of MET in the formation of struvite from synthetic black wastewater will be performed and some factors like initial MET concentration, pH values, temperatures were investigated. Results revealed that the adsorption process can be divided into rapid adsorption, fluctuation stage and steady stage, and the maximum MET adsorption quantity was 0.05029mg/g under 80ppb, 20 °C. Chemical adsorption and pseudo second-order kinetics were evident at the low concentration level. Neither Langmuir nor Freundlich isotherms fitted for the adsorption. The presence of Mg[H2O]6
2+ (Hexahydrate and magnesium ions) interfered with MET adsorption through recombining with MET, which was also determined by pH variation.

The existence of MET in black wastewater would not obstruct the formation of struvite in alkaline condition generally and serious terrible influences would not be generated when using struvite as fertilizer. A vast majority of MET will stay in the solution after 3 hours’ reaction.
Study on Catalyst Performance of Compact Methane Reformer with Nickel Loading
Authors: Teng Wenrui , Yao Zhiyu , Yang Guogang
Published: October 2019

The compact methane reformer has the advantages of small size and high efficiency, making it possible to produce hydrogen on the fuel cell operating site. The development of a reforming catalyst with good selectivity and high stability is of great significance for the industrialization of the reformer. Among them, the nickel content is an important factor affecting the performance and cost of the catalyst. A compact methane reformer experimental platform was designed and built, and Ni/CeO2 catalyst was prepared by equal volume impregnation method. The optimum loading of Ni was determined by experiments to be 10%. The mechanism of the effect of Ni loading on the catalytic performance was studied by XRD and SEM crystal phase analysis.
Sub-chronic Exposure to Tris(1,3-dichioro-propyl) Phosphate Induces Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Wang Simin , Zhou Qixing
Published: October 2019

Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), one of the most widely used organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) is frequently detected in various environment and biota. Thus, its potential risk on wildlife and human health should be concerned. It has been implicated to induce hepatotoxicity, but the toxicological mechanism still remains unclear. Thus, Sprague Dawley (SD) male rats were administrated TDCIPP at 125, 250, or 500 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks in the present study. And hepatic histopathology and enzyme activities in serum and livers were analyzed to determine the molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by TDCIPP. The histopathology showed the hepatocytes of rats exposed to TDCIPP were damaged, and the necrosis was more severe in 500 mg/kg/d TDCIPP-exposed group. And the decrease of transaminases in serum and livers were observed after TDCIPP exposure for 8 weeks, which indicated that severe hepatotoxicity was induced by TDCIPP. The abnormalities of oxidative stress makers and inflammation factors also indicated that TDCIPP caused dysfunction of oxidative system and severe inflammation response in livers of rats. Collectively, the results in our study demonstrated that TDCIPP induced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and caused hepatotoxicity in rats.
Research on the Integration Design of Double Well Head Drilling System for Semi-submersible Drilling Platform
Authors: Wang Weixu , Ma Guangchan , Yang Xiuju , Zhou Tianming , Zhang Peng , Li Yunpeng , Hu Nan , Wang Anyi
Published: October 2019

In order to upgrade the capability in offshore drilling and exploring, it is imperative to design and study deep water drilling system. Firstly, surveying and researching the present situation and development status of deep water drilling system. Secondly, analysing the characteristics and configuration of the deep water drilling rig used for semi-submersible drilling platform, also selecting key equipment. Finally, designing and coming up with a dual-frame derrick drilling system with 3660 meters water depth and 15250 meters drilling depth, compared with the trade technology, its advantage: achieving top drive core and realizing continuous drilling, allowing duplex main wellhead operation, the two wellhead could be working at the same time, and a well is being used to piping, and another well is being used for drilling. As a result of saving the non-drilling time and increasing the drilling efficiency. It is of great significance to the development of marine energy sources.
Analysis of Vegetation Characteristics of Regional Soybean and Paddy Rice Fields Using UAV Images and Farm Maps
Authors: Lee Dongho , Park Jonghwa
Published: October 2019

Remote sensing (RS) and GIS together provide an efficient and inexpensive way to assess vegetation characteristics and cultivated areas. Precision vegetation mapping provides important information for understanding crop conditions through the calculation of the vegetation index. In this study, a multispectral sensor was installed on an eBee (Sensefly), which is suitable for wide area photography taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). UAV imagery acquisition was used to obtain spatial information on soybean and paddy rice cultivation areas in a wider region. The study area selected was Gimje, which is in the southwest of South Korea. Based on the designation of main areas according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (MAFRA), the area was selected considering the cultivation area, production volume, number of farm households, and self-sufficiency ratio. The main producing areas are soybean cultivation areas defined as a city or county with a cultivation area of 30∼1500 ha or more, respectively. The identification of the cultivation area of soybeans was made based on images taken in early September, when the growth characteristics of soybeans were clearly distinguished from other crops. The accuracy of the soybean and paddy rice cultivation area identification was improved by using the farm map (FM) prepared by the MAFRA in South Korea. The NDVI was analyzed based on the two periods of high growth activity of soybean and paddy rice. The accuracy of the cultivated area was improved by using the UAV images and the FM prepared by the MAFRA. As a result, this study shows that UAV images can be used more effectively by linking GIS with the FM as a basic map.
Precise Inspection Method of Solar Photovoltaic Panel Using Optical and Thermal Infrared Sensor Image Taken by Drones
Authors: Park Jeongsoo , Lee Dongho
Published: October 2019

The inspection of the solar panel using the drone has already been put into practical use. However, this method requires an initial investment cost as compared with the conventional method, and it may take a cost such as image processing. In addition, there are challenges such as the ability to carry out the necessary maintenance of the law even if technically possible. Nowadays, the introduction of drones is proceeding in such a way as to check the points of abnormalities through simple flight. The advantage of this method is that safety enhancement and inspection speed are greatly improved compared to the case of performing the inspection by the conventional method. For companies, the use of drones and thermal infrared sensors for inspection can be used to reduce the population and to reduce the problems of recruitment, and to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost by simplifying the inspection procedure with fewer personnel will be. The purpose of this study is to develop a method to accurately detect abnormal points by making thermal infrared images of orthographic images by improving the inspection method through simple flight of drone. The study investigated whether it is possible to precisely check the point where the problem is located under the condition of insufficient solar radiation at the site installed by a small developer. We propose a method that can accurately distinguish between normal and abnormal panel points in images taken using drones and thermal infrared sensors, and how to accurately detect abnormal points by focusing on problem panels. Abnormal points were found to be very accurate and efficient to find and inspect panel more than the temperature range value of each panel.
The modelling of the crushing of meat raw materials for making management decisions in the production of emulsified meat products
Authors: Kapovsky B R , Zakharov A N , Nikitina M A
Published: October 2019

The article describes an innovative approach of the grinding heterogeneous frozen meat raw materials on the basis of single-stage milling method. In the technological cycle, in comparison with the traditional solution, the one shredder is used instead of three meat-cutting machines. The high quality of the finished product is achieved by modeling the grinding parameters. As a result of the analysis of the experimental data of the “new” technological process of meat grinding, an intelligent control system for the production of minced meat with machine quality control is proposed. Promising technology will reduce the cost of production of mass demand products that meet quality standards.
The dynamical analysis of the modified rossler system
Authors: Tutueva Aleksandra , Butusov Denis , Okhota Artem , Pesterev Dmitrii , Rodionova Ekaterina
Published: October 2019

The synthesis of novel chaotic systems is a modern branch of nonlinear dynamics since deterministic chaos properties can be successfully applied in various engineering and scientific problems. In this paper we investigate changes in the dynamics of the modified Rossler system after applying coordinates transformation to the original model. We perform the bifurcation analysis of the obtained model and experimentally show that its behavior differs with the behavior of the prototype. We study the finite-difference schemes obtained for considered chaotic systems and find their similarity in simulation with different integration steps. We show that discretization effects are the source of the small differences between the two models. The obtained results can be used in theoretical nonlinear dynamics, nonlinear systems simulation, development of communication and control systems.
Design of Home Intelligent Alarm System Abstract
Authors: Ding Bofeng , Zhang Chengliang , Li Lei , Sun Kang , Dou Hongbin
Published: October 2019

This paper describes the research and development of home intelligent emergency alarm system and its working principle. In the design, STC12C5A60S2 single chip microcomputer is used as the control core of the alarm system, which controls infrared sensor, MQ-2 smoke sensor, SIM900A module, buzzer, LCD1602 display screen and GSM module. The corresponding circuit of each module is designed, and each part of the circuit is integrated to complete the required function.
Fault Diagnosis Based on Tree Heuristic Feature Selection and FS-DFV for Rolling Element Bearings
Authors: chen Xiaoyue , Liu Xiong , Ge Dang , Liu Mengchao
Published: October 2019

In order to make up for the deficiency of traditional single diagnosis in rolling element bearing fault diagnosis application, eliminate a large amount of redundant information and improve the classification effect of the aliasing mode, based on comprehensive analysis of the respective advantages of fuzzy set and tree search, this paper presents a joint rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on tree-inspired feature selection and FS-DFV (Fuzzy Set and Dependent Feature Vector). The dependent feature vectors (DFV) can dig deeper the essential differences of the faults and improve the fault accuracy. By establishing the heuristic tree model, the tree type heuristic feature search strategy is designed, and the excellent feature selection criteria based on the density clustering with noise are proposed, and the conventional feature selection model is improved. In addition, fuzzy set are used to process the problem of extracting aliasing patterns in the DFV, and fuzzy membership is used to guide subsequent feature extraction of the alias modes. The proposed method is compared with the other four fault diagnosis methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the diagnostic efficiency of the rolling bearing.
Study and Evaluation of a Solar Floating Traction under Severe Wind Conditions
Authors: Siribodhi Pongwit , Bunyawanichakul Phacharaporn
Published: October 2019

Solar cells have been among the first such clean energy groups that have been used, talked about, and adopted extensively in many areas. One drawback of using solar cells for energy supply not only in households but also in large cities is the space needed as well as usually requiring a flat area. For these reasons, the construction of solar farms over water is a popular concept and continues to be of interest in Thailand and the rest of the world. This research provided a case study of implementing large-scale solar cells in Southeast Asia where unexpected typhoons are common during the monsoon season. This can be addressed by binding the solar panels together to make a large platform that can remain intact in the water under various conditions. Engineers need to be confident that such binding will be safe enough to ensure the solar floating platform has no movement which may cause unexpected damage. This study developed and evaluated solar panel traction with an arrangement of 9 x 28 and 28 x 9 panels under severe wind conditions of 120 kilometers per hour (33.33 meters per second) which is equivalent to typhoons in the region. The evaluation used empirical and numerical models, and wind-tunnel testing. The resultant equation was: D (N, M) = 2075.8 N0.6532 M0.9052 and D = Kv (V) 2075.8 N0.6532 M0.9052 where N and M are the numbers of platforms in columns and rows, respectively, Kv (V) = (0.019564618+0.007704667V)/(1-0.0004656279V), and V is the wind speed (km/h). The investigation found that the predicted traction results using the derived equations was in good agreement with wind-tunnel testing for a proposed platform.
Design of Photovoltaic Inverter Based on STM32 Microcontrollers
Authors: Hsu Wei-Tai , Fang Jing-Feng , Huang Chia-Wei
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the STM32 microprocessor is used as the central control core, and a 500W photovoltaic inverter is designed. The inverter adopts a two-stage conversion structure. The high-speed timer of the STM32 microprocessor generates high-resolution PWM and SPWM pulses and drives the first-stage DC/DC convertor after driving the chip through UCC27324 and IR2111 respectively. The rectification and the second-stage DC/AC inverter convert the DC signal into a utility frequency. In order to reduce the higher harmonics derived from the DC/AC inverter, the circuit also adopts the principle of LC filter design. Finally, in the Multisim simulation, the operation is stable. The error of the output AC voltage is controlled within 3%. It is said that the inverter has the advantages of high reliability, low harmonic content, and high efficiency.
Gating System Design of Investment Casting for SUS316 Spray Nozzle
Authors: Huang Pei-Hsing , Lin Hung-Mao , Wu Wei-Jen
Published: October 2019

Spray nozzles operate in harsh conditions with heat, corrosive substances, and high liquid pressure, which can easily cause corrosion and cavitation in the nozzle structure and threaten the safety of users. To reduce defects occurring during the casting process of spray nozzle and increase their service life, this study applied mold flow analysis to the casting process of a SUS316 stainless steel spray nozzle. We improved the configuration of the gating system, added water-cooling to the improved scheme, and examined the resulting filling and solidification conditions of the molten metal in the mold cavity. We employed the Niyama criterion to predict the probabilities of shrinkage defect formation in the spray nozzle and improve defect formation, thereby effectively lengthening the service life of the spray nozzle and increasing product quality.
Optimization Design of Wind Turbine Tunnel Based On Fluid Analysis Results
Authors: Chen Po-Chuan , Fang Jiunn
Published: October 2019

At present, the problem of wind turbines affecting flying organisms has been highly valued. Wind turbines will not only attack flying creatures through rotating blades, but also the flying organisms will affect the habitat of ground creatures because of the reduction of flying height. In this study, a fan with protection function is designed by designing a wind turbine system with a wind tunnel design that can be smoothly adopted by birds. Because the blade is not in direct contact with the wind, it is introduced into the blade through the wind tunnel. Therefore, in the design of the wind tunnel, not only the wind speed of the introduction is not weakened, but also the wind speed can be fastened through the structural angle. Therefore, the blades can be rotated as scheduled to achieve the purpose of wind power generation. In the design of the wind tunnel, the study conducted the wind speed test of the structure through continuous fluid analysis. In the results obtained, correct all structures that may affect wind speed and re-analyze to ensure that the wind speed can successfully to achieve the goal. At the same time, the maximum wind speed obtained will be used to test the torque and power generation by the formula to see if the design is able to reach the goal of power generating.
Eminent Chinese of the Qing Period
Authors: Hummel Arthur W.
Published: October 2019

More than 800 entries

This much-loved work was produced under the auspices of the Library of Congress, and published by the US Government Printing Office during World War II. Its contributors comprise the founders of the profession of Chinese history research and its teaching in the United States. The 2016 Berkshire edition contains the original biographical sketches as well as its extensive front and back matter. The Wade-Giles transliteration has been converted to modern pinyin and the book includes a pinyin / Wade-Giles conversion table and an up-to-date bibliography. The introduction is by Professor Pamela K. Crossley, who digitized part of the original publication, and who touches upon the historical context of this publication as well as its continuing importance for modern readers and researchers.
A Dictionary of Biomedicine
Authors: Lackie John
Published: October 2019

Over 10,000 entries

This new edition fills the need to define the specialist language used within an evolving field by offering clear, concise definitions of even the most complex biomedical terms. It includes entries on all areas of biomedicine, focusing on areas that have developed since the first edition, such as genomics and biomedical science. Entries are authoritative and wide-ranging, covering terms from the related areas of anatomy, genetics, molecular bioscience, pathology, pharmacology, and clinical medicine.
The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Place Names
Authors: Everett-Heath John
Published: October 2019

Over 11,000 entries

This dictionary explores the history, meanings, and origin of place names around the world. It covers continents, countries, regions, islands, bays, capes, cities, towns, deserts, lakes, mountains, and rivers, giving the name in the local language as well as key historical facts associated with many place names.

The fifth edition includes two recent county name changes: that of Swaziland to Eswatini and the final resolution of the long-running dispute about the name of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, which has become Northern Macedonia.

In addition to the entries themselves, the dictionary includes a glossary of foreign word elements which appear in place-names and their meaning, as well as a list of personalities and leaders who have influenced the naming of places around the world.
3. Explaining impulsivity and failure to behave prosocially
Authors: Viding Essi
Published: October 2019

Lack of empathy for distress helps explain why psychopaths have no difficulty in engaging in premeditated hurtful and antisocial behaviour. But it does not fully explain the behavioural profile of individuals with psychopathy. Why do psychopaths often make foolish life choices that are likely to result in serious repercussions to them? Why don’t they worry about other people’s happiness and establish loving relationships? ‘Explaining impulsivity and failure to behave prosocially’ considers why individuals with psychopathy make poor, impulsive decisions, even if there is a strong likelihood of reprisal and why psychopaths are able to get excited about material rewards, but do not find social relationships rewarding and motivating in the same way as the rest of us do.
4. Why do some people become psychopaths?
Authors: Viding Essi
Published: October 2019

What are the developmental origins of the psychopathic mind? Is psychopathy a genetic condition? Or do people become psychopaths because they have been maltreated? Is it inevitable that someone who displays psychopathic features in childhood will become an adult psychopath? ‘Why do some people become psychopaths?’ outlines what we know so far regarding risk factors for psychopathy and how confident we can be of their causality. It first discusses how twin and adoption studies have demonstrated that psychopathic personality traits are moderately to strongly heritable in children and adults and then looks at the gene–environment correlation. It also considers how atypical feeling and thought processes may develop over time.
Dynasty: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Duindam Jeroen
Published: October 2019

Bloodlines have been held as virtually unassailable credentials for leadership, with supreme political power perceived as a family affair across the globe and throughout history. Dynasty: A Very Short Introduction connects the earliest history of kings and queens to contemporary examples of family-based leadership. Its sweeping overview of five millennia of dynastic rule reveals recurring predicaments of families on the throne. Examining persistent family conflict and the dilemmas of leadership, this VSI shows how the challenge of governing the family was balanced by the necessity of family scions, close or distant, for the survival of dynasties. It sheds light on similarities, but also on divergence and change in dynastic practice.
1. Shaping the family
Authors: Duindam Jeroen
Published: October 2019

A dynasty is a line of kings reaching back into the past, yet it also is the extended group of relatives around a living sovereign. These vertical and horizontal aspects of families could be shaped in many ways: depending on ideas about bloodlines, practices of procreation, and rules for succession, dynasties could comprise a handful or thousands. Fathers and sons dominate king-lists, yet in an estimated 30 per cent of societies worldwide, royalty could be transmitted only through the blood of women. ‘Shaping the family’ traces the profound consequences of matrilineal succession, polygyny, and monogamy for dynasty. It also examines the problems of handling the members of the horizontal family.
Aesthetics: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Nanay Bence
Published: October 2019

Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of art, beauty, and taste. It doesn’t just consider traditional artistic experiences such as artworks in a museum or an opera performance, but also everyday experiences. Aesthetics: A Very Short Introduction considers both Western and non-Western aesthetic traditions, and explores why it is sometimes misunderstood or considered to be too elitist—by artists, musicians, and even philosophers. The scope of aesthetics extends far wider than that of art, high or low, including much of what we care about in life. If an experience is worth having for you, it thereby becomes the subject of aesthetics.
Experience and attention
Authors: Nanay Bence
Published: October 2019

What all things aesthetic have in common is something very simple: the way you’re exercising your attention. What you are attending to makes a huge difference to your experience in general. It can completely ruin your experience or it can make your experience even more rewarding. And in some cases, it can directly confront you with how differently the same artwork appears to you depending on what you’re attending to. ‘Experience and attention’ discusses the difference attention makes, the focus of your attention, the different ways of attending (focused or distributed), the freedom of perception, and the ways of attending to the relation between the experienced object and the quality of our experience.
Decreases in the Late Positive Potential to Alcohol Images Among Alcohol Treatment Seekers Following Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention
Authors: Brown Darin R , Jackson Trevor C J , Claus Eric D , Votaw Victoria R , Stein Elena R , Robinson Charles S H , Wilson Adam D , Brandt Emma , Fratzke Violet , Clark Vincent P , Witkiewitz Katie
Published: October 2019

Aim

Heightened craving among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been attributed to a hypersensitivity to alcohol cues in attentional brain networks. Active mindfulness training has been shown to help improve attentional control. Here, we examined alcohol cue-related hypersensitivity among individuals with AUD who received rolling group mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) in combination with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), over right inferior frontal gyrus.

Methods

Participants (n = 68) viewed a series of emotionally negative, emotionally neutral and alcohol-related images. Following image presentation, participants were asked to rate their level of craving for the alcohol cues, and their level of negative affect evoked by neutral and negative cues. During the task, electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded to capture an event-related component shown to relate to emotionally salient stimuli: the late positive potential (LPP). Participants who completed a follow-up EEG (n = 37) performed the task a second time after up to eight sessions of MBRP coupled with active or sham tDCS.

Results

We found that both craving ratings and the LPP significantly decreased in response to alcohol cues from pre- to post-treatment, but not for other image cues. The magnitude of alcohol image craving reductions was associated with the number of MBRP group sessions attended. Active tDCS was not associated with craving ratings, but it was associated with greater LPP amplitudes across image types.

Conclusions

Taken together, these results suggest that disruption of alcohol-cue hypersensitivity in people with AUD may be a target mechanism of MBRP.
Deep learning of pharmacogenomics resources: moving towards precision oncology
Authors: Chiu Yu-Chiao , Chen Hung-I Harry , Gorthi Aparna , Mostavi Milad , Zheng Siyuan , Huang Yufei , Chen Yidong
Published: October 2019

The recent accumulation of cancer genomic data provides an opportunity to understand how a tumor’s genomic characteristics can affect its responses to drugs. This field, called pharmacogenomics, is a key area in the development of precision oncology. Deep learning (DL) methodology has emerged as a powerful technique to characterize and learn from rapidly accumulating pharmacogenomics data. We introduce the fundamentals and typical model architectures of DL. We review the use of DL in classification of cancers and cancer subtypes (diagnosis and treatment stratification of patients), prediction of drug response and drug synergy for individual tumors (treatment prioritization for a patient), drug repositioning and discovery and the study of mechanism/mode of action of treatments. For each topic, we summarize current genomics and pharmacogenomics data resources such as pan-cancer genomics data for cancer cell lines (CCLs) and tumors, and systematic pharmacologic screens of CCLs. By revisiting the published literature, including our in-house analyses, we demonstrate the unprecedented capability of DL enabled by rapid accumulation of data resources to decipher complex drug response patterns, thus potentially improving cancer medicine. Overall, this review provides an in-depth summary of state-of-the-art DL methods and up-to-date pharmacogenomics resources and future opportunities and challenges to realize the goal of precision oncology.
SMARTS: the social media-based addiction recovery and intervention targeting server
Authors: Jha Deeptanshu , Singh Rahul
Published: October 2019

Motivation

Substance abuse and addiction is a significant contemporary health crisis. Modeling its epidemiology and designing effective interventions requires real-time data analysis along with the means to contextualize addiction patterns across the individual-to-community scale. In this context, social media platforms have begun to receive significant attention as a novel source of real-time user-reported information. However, the ability of epidemiologists to use such information is significantly stymied by the lack of publicly available algorithms and software for addiction information extraction, analysis and modeling.

Results

SMARTS is a public, open source, web-based application that addresses the aforementioned deficiency. SMARTS is designed to analyze data from two popular social media forums, namely, Reddit and Twitter and can be used to study the effect of various intoxicants including, opioids, weed, kratom, alcohol and cigarettes. The SMARTS software analyzes social media posts using natural language processing, and machine learning to characterize drug use at both the individual- and population-levels. Included in SMARTS is a predictive modeling functionality that can, with high accuracy, identify individuals open to addiction recovery interventions. SMARTS also supports extraction, analysis and visualization of a number of key informational and demographic characteristics including post topics and sentiment, drug- and recovery-term usage, geolocation and age. Finally, the distributions of the aforementioned characteristics as derived from a set of 170 097 drug users are provided as part of SMARTS and can be used by researchers as a reference.

Availability and implementation

The SMARTS web server and source code are available at: http://haddock9.sfsu.edu/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
EGFR-PKM2 signaling promotes the metastatic potential of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through induction of FOSL1 and ANTXR2
Authors: Chen Shengnan , Youhong Tang , Tan Yixin , He Yuxiang , Ban Yuanyuan , Cai Jing , Li Xiaoling , Xiong Wei , Zeng Zhaoyang , Li Guiyuan , Yi Mei , Liu Wei , Xiang Bo
Published: October 2019

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is notorious for its aggressiveness and high metastatic potential. NPC patients with distant metastasis have a particularly poor prognosis; however, evaluating metastatic potential by expression profiles of primary tumors is challenging. This study aimed to investigate the association between activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and NPC metastasis and the underlying mechanisms. We found an association between EGFR protein overexpression and intense EGFR immunostaining in NPC samples with advanced tumor node metastasis stage, clinical stage, and distant metastasis in NPC patients. Exogenous EGF stimulates NPC mobility and invasiveness in vitro. Activation of EGFR signaling prompted PKM2 translocation to the nucleus. Silencing either EGFR or PKM2 attenuates NPC cell aggressiveness in vitro and in vivo. Blocking EGFR signaling with cetuximab suppressed NPC cell invasiveness in vitro and metastatic potential in vivo. Comprehensive analyses of transcriptome profiles indicated that the EGFR-PKM2 axis activates a number of novel metastasis promoters, including F3, FOSL1, EPHA2, ANTXR2, and AKR1C2. Finally, we found that the metastasis-promoting function of the EGFR-PKM2 axis is dependent on nuclear PKM2 regulation of the transcription of metastasis-related genes, including FOSL1 and ANTXR2. Our study indicates that EGFR-PKM2 signaling promotes NPC cell invasion and metastasis through induction of FOSL1 and ANTXR2 and identifies EGFR as a promising biomarker for predicting the risk of distant metastasis.
Cultivating Empathy and Resonance for Muslim Lives Through Affective Images of the Chapel Hill Victims
Authors: Peterson Kristin M
Published: October 2019

This article examines the creative projects that circulated in digital media following the murder of three Muslim college students in Chapel Hill, NC, in February 2015. Through an engagement with affect theory and digital mourning studies, this article critically analyzes the limitations of affect in the digital moment, as the complex lives of the victims were reduced to simple but highly resonate icons. Despite the limitations of these affective icons, I argue that the contradictory emotions of successful happiness and unimaginable grief that adhered to these images enabled Muslims to cultivate feelings of resonance. At the same time, Muslims were expected to perform constant affective labor to prove the worth and equality of their lives. Finally, my analysis of this case illustrates how these heavily affective images reinforced that Muslim lives are only valued if they are positive, harmless and apolitical.