bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Soliton Excitations and Chaotic Patterns for the (2+1)-Dimensional Breaking-Soliton System
Authors: Lü Li-Chen , Ma Song-Hua , Fang Jian-Ping
Published: February 2015

Starting from a projective equation and a linear variable separation approach, some solitary wave solutions with arbitrary functions for the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton system are derived. Based on the derived solution and by selecting appropriate functions, some novel localized excitations such as multi-solitons and chaotic-solitons are investigated.
Influence of Heat Transfer and Magnetic Field on a Peristaltic Transport of a Jeffrey Fluid in an Asymmetric Channel with Partial Slip
Authors: Nadeem Sohail , Akram Safia
Published: February 2015

In the present paper, we have studied the influence of heat transfer and magnetic field on a peristaltic transport of a Jeffrey fluid in an asymmetric channel with partial slip. The complicated Jeffrey fluid equations are simplified using the long wave length and low Reynolds number assumptions. In the wave frame of reference, an exact and closed form of Adomian solution is presented. The expressions for pressure drop, pressure rise, stream function, and temperature field have been calculated. The behaviour of different physical parameters has been discussed graphically. The pumping and trapping phenomena of various wave forms (sinusoidal, multisinusoidal, square, triangular, and trapezoidal) are also studied.
Thermal Radiation Effects on the Flow by an Exponentially Stretching Surface: a Series Solution
Authors: Nadeema Sohail , Hayat Tasawar , Malika Muhammad Yousaf , Rajputa Saeed Ahmed
Published: February 2015

This article analytically describes the thermal radiation effects on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The flow in a second-grade fluid is created due to an exponentially porous stretching surface. The series solutions of velocity and temperature are developed by a homotopy analysis method. The heat transfer results are obtained for the two cases, namely, (i) the prescribed exponential order surface temperature (PEST) and (ii) the prescribed exponential order heat flux (PEHF). It is noticed that the temperature profile in both cases decreases when radiation parameter is increased.
Symmetry Reductions and Exact Solutions of the (2+1)-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Hua Xiaorui , Dongb Zhongzhou , Huangc Fei , Chena Yong
Published: February 2015

By means of the classical symmetry method, we investigate the (2+1)-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The symmetry group of Navier-Stokes equations is studied and its corresponding group invariant solutions are constructed. Ignoring the discussion of the infinite-dimensional subalgebra, we construct an optimal system of one-dimensional group invariant solutions. Furthermore, using the associated vector fields of the obtained symmetry, we give out the reductions by one-dimensional and two-dimensional subalgebras, and some explicit solutions of Navier-Stokes equations are obtained. For three interesting solutions, the figures are given out to show their properties: the solution of stationary wave of fluid (real part) appears as a balance between fluid advection (nonlinear term) and friction parameterized as a horizontal harmonic diffusion of momentum.
Homotopy Perturbation Method for Solving Nonlinear Differential- Difference Equations
Authors: Mousa Mohamed M. , Kaltayev Aidarkhan
Published: February 2015

In this paper, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is extended to obtain analytical solutions for some nonlinear differential-difference equations (NDDEs). The discretized modified Kortewegde Vries (mKdV) lattice equation and the discretized nonlinear Schrodinger equation are taken as examples to illustrate the validity and the great potential of the HPM in solving such NDDEs. Comparisons between the results of the presented method and exact solutions are made. The results reveal that the HPM is very effective and convenient for solving such kind of equations.
Variational Iteration Method for the Hirota-Satsuma Model Using He’s Polynomials
Authors: Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef , Yildirim Ahmet
Published: February 2015

This paper out lines the implementation of the variational iteration method using He’s polynomials (VMHP) for solving the Hirota-Satsuma model which occurs quite often in applied sciences. Numerical results show that the proposed VIMHP is quite efficient.
Research of a Gas Phase under Electrical Explosion of the Titan Foil in Liquid
Authors: Urutskoev Leonid Irbekovich , Filippov Dmitry Vitalievich , Rukhadze Anri Amvrosievich , Bystrov Vadim Pavlovich , Dontsov Yury Petrovich , Parbuzin Victor Semionovich , Steblevsky Alexandr Vvasilievich
Published: February 2015

Experimental studies of pulsed electric explosion of thin titanium foils in water with discharge power of ~0.2 GW are described. The production of a considerable amount of molecular hydrogen is revealed whose origin can be explained neither by water decomposition nor by known chemical reactions. A nuclear mechanism of occurrence of the observed molecular hydrogen upon electric explosion is hypothesized. Emphasis is laid on some measurements confirming the hypothesis.
Ion Beam Emission within a Low Energy Focus Plasma (0.1 kJ) Operating with Hydrogen
Authors: El-Aragi Gamal M.
Published: February 2015

An investigation of energetic ion beam emission from a low energy plasma focus (0.1 kJ Mather type) device operating with hydrogen gas is studied. The ion beam emission is investigated using time-integrated and time-resolved detectors. The present plasma focus device is powered by a capacitor bank of 1 μF at 18 kV maximum charging voltage. The correlation of ion beam intensity with filling gas pressure indicates that the beam emission is maximized at the optimum pressure for the focus formation at peak current. Energy of ions is determined with a time-of-flight (TOF) method, taking into account distance from the center electrode to the detection plane.
New Travelling Wave Solutions of Burgers Equation with Finite Transport Memory
Authors: Sakthivel Rathinasamy , Chun Changbum , Lee Jonu
Published: February 2015

The nonlinear evolution equations with finite memory have a wide range of applications in science and engineering. The Burgers equation with finite memory transport (time-delayed) describes convection-diffusion processes. In this paper, we establish the new solitary wave solutions for the time-delayed Burgers equation. The extended tanh method and the exp-function method have been employed to reveal these new solutions. Further, we have calculated the numerical solutions of the time-delayed Burgers equation with initial conditions by using the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). Our results show that the extended tanh and exp-function methods are very effective in finding exact solutions of the considered problem and HPM is very powerful in finding numerical solutions with good accuracy for nonlinear partial differential equations without any need of transformation or perturbation
Numerical Inversion of the Abel Integral Equation using Homotopy Perturbation Method
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Om P.
Published: February 2015

Many problems in physics like reconstruction of the radially distributed emissivity from the line-of-sight projected intensity, the 3-D image reconstruction from cone-beam projections in computerized tomography, etc. lead naturally, in the case of radial symmetry, to the study of Abel’s type integral equation. The aim of this communication is to propose a new algorithm for the Abel inversion by using the homotopy perturbation method
Modification of Lesnic’s Approach and New Analytic Solutions for Some Nonlinear Second-Order Boundary Value Problems with Dirichlet Boundary Conditions
Authors: Ebaid Abdelhalim
Published: February 2015

For solving nonlinear boundary value problems (BVPs), a main difficulty of using Adomian’s method is to find a canonical form which takes into account all the boundary conditions of the problem. This difficulty is overcome by using a modification for Lesnic’s approach developed in this paper. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is verified by two nonlinear problems: the nonlinear oscillator equation and Troesch’s problem
The Simulation of the Two-Dimensional Ising Model on the Creutz Cellular Automaton for the Fractals Obtained by Using the Model of Diffusion-Limited Aggregation
Authors: Merdan Ziya , Bayirli Mehmet , Ozturk Mustafa Kemal
Published: February 2015

The fractals are obtained by using the model of diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) for the lattice with L = 80, 120, and 160. The values of the fractal dimensions are compared with the results of former studies. As increasing the linear dimensions they are in good agreement with those. The fractals obtained by using the model of DLA are simulated on the Creutz cellular automaton by using a two-bit demon. The values computed for the critical temperature and the static critical exponents within the framework of the finite-size scaling theory are in agreement with the results of other simulations and theoretical values
Influence of Thermal Radiation on the Unsteady Mixed Convection Flow of a Jeffrey Fluid over a Stretching Sheet
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Mustafa Meraj
Published: February 2015

This study is concerned with the effect of thermal radiation on the unsteady mixed convection flow of a Jeffrey fluid past a porous vertical stretching surface. The arising problems of flow and heat transfer are solved analytically by employing homotopy analysis method (HAM). It is observed that the flow field is influenced appreciably by the unsteadiness parameter ζ , suction parameter S, mixed convection parameter λ , Deborah number β , Prandtl number Pr, and the radiation parameter Nr. Our performed computations depict that the heat transfer rate is increased with increasing values of Pr, Nr, and ζ
Crystallization Kinetics in Liquid Crystals with Hexagonal Precursor Phases by Calorimetry
Authors: Padmaja Sunkara , Ajita Narayanan , Srinivasulu Maddasani , Girish Sriram Ramchandra , Pisipati Venkata Gopala Krishna Murthy , Potukuchi Dakshina Murthy
Published: February 2015

Design and characterization of Schiff based liquid crystalline nO.m compounds exhibiting hexagonal smectic phases are reported. Crystallization kinetics investigations are carried out in the liquid crystals (LCs) exhibiting hexagonal ordered orthogonal and tilted precursor LC phases by calorimetry. The Avrami theory is referred and results are analyzed. Influence of molecular ordering, structure, and dimensionality of the LC precursor phase on kinetics is studied. Effect of shape and flexibility of the molecule for nucleation and growth processes is investigated. Varying rate of kinetics reflects upon the transit of the system from constant type to independent type of nucleation. The trends in the Avrami parameter b and exponent n suggest sporadic nucleation. Crystal growth is interpreted as heterogeneous permeation of layered domains (or aggregates) formed by needle shaped calamitic molecules. Calorimetric observations at different crystallization temperatures CT and hold time t infer diffusion mediated crystallization
The Use of Homotopy Analysis Method to Solve the Time-Dependent Nonlinear Eikonal Partial Differential Equation
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Salehi Rezvan
Published: February 2015

In this research work a time-dependent partial differential equation which has several important applications in science and engineering is investigated and a method is proposed to find its solution. In the current paper, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) is developed to solve the eikonal equation. The homotopy analysis method is one of the most effective methods to obtain series solution. HAM contains the auxiliary parameter h, which provides us with a simple way to adjust and control the convergence region of a series solution. Furthermore, this method does not require any discretization, linearization or small perturbation and therefore reduces the numerical computation a lot. Some test problems are given to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the presented technique.
Solution of the Black-Scholes Equation for Pricing of Barrier Option
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Pourghanbar Somayeh
Published: February 2015

In this paper two different methods are presented to approximate the solution of the Black-Scholes equation for valuation of barrier option. These techniques can be applied directly for all types of differential equations, homogeneous or inhomogeneous. The use of these methods provides the solution of the problem in a closed form while the mesh point techniques provide the approximation at mesh points only. Also, the two schemes need less computational work in comparison with the traditional methods. These techniques can be employed for problems with initial condition. In this paper we use the variational iteration and homotopy perturbation methods for solving the Black-Scholes equation with terminal condition. Numerical results are compared with theoretical solutions in order to confirm the validity of the presented procedures.
Double-Diffusive Magneto Convection in a Compressible Couple-Stress Fluid Through Porous Medium
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Mohan Hari
Published: February 2015

The double-diffusive convection in a compressible couple-stress fluid layer heated and soluted from below through porous medium is considered in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field. Following the linearized stability theory and normal mode analysis, the dispersion relation is obtained. For stationary convection, the compressibility, stable solute gradient, magnetic field, and couple-stress postpone the onset of convection whereas medium permeability hastens the onset of convection. Graphs have been plotted by giving numerical values to the parameters to depict the stability characteristics. The stable solute gradient and magnetic field introduce oscillatory modes in the system, which were non-existent in their absence. A condition for the system to be stable is obtained by using the Rayleigh-Ritz inequality. The sufficient conditions for the non-existence of overstability are also obtained.
Calculating the Magnetoresistance Effect in Metals
Authors: Olszewski Stanislaw , Gluzinski Marek
Published: February 2015

Transversal magnetoresistance is calculated for numerous metal cases on the basis of simple electron theory. Any metal can be represented by a single band of states having a closed Fermi surface which is assumed to be similar in shape to a sphere. In an external electromagnetic field the electron transport seems to be regulated by two kinds of relaxation times. The first one is due to the electric field, and its size is not appreciably influenced by that field. On the other hand, electron motion in the magnetic field is associated with a relaxation time that is strongly dependent on the strength of that field. Both time parameters combine to an effective relaxation time according to Matthiessen’s rule. A good agreement between experiment and theory is obtained for Li, Cu, Ag, Au and Pd, Pt metals.
Energy Band Structure and its Characteristics of a Two-Dimensional Metallic Photonic Crystal
Authors: Bao Xianfeng , Yao Duanzheng
Published: February 2015

The energy band structure and its characteristics of a two-dimensional metallic photonic crystal with square lattice structure have been studied by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm. In order to determine the band structure accurately, the spatial distribution of the eigenfunction has been analyzed. By comparing the distribution of different wave vectors and of different energy band eigenmodes, an effective method to determine the band structure was found, which has been verified by the simulation results.
The Orderly Network Structure of M≥ 7 Strong Earthquake Chain and its Prediction in Xinjiang Region of China
Authors: Men Kepei , Liu Wenjun
Published: February 2015

M ≥ 7 strong earthquakes have had an obvious commensurability and orderliness in Xinjiang, China, and its neighbourhood region since 1800. The main orderly values are 30a×k (k = 1,2, 3), 11 ~ 12a, 41 ~ 43a, and 18 ~ 19a. According to the informative forecasting theory of Wen-BoWeng and complex networks technology, we try to explore the practical methods for strong earthquake prediction with Chinese characteristics, and conceive the informational orderly network structure of M ≥ 7 strong earthquakes. Based on this, Yutian M7.3 strong earthquake was successful predicted in 2008. Meanwhile, the next strong earthquake with magnitude 7 or so will happen around 2014 - 2015 in this region. The results shows that strong earthquakes could be predicted. This method has an unique effect for mid-and-long term prediction of strong earthquakes.
Chirped Self-Similar Solutions of a Generalized Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Fei Jin-Xi , Zheng Chun-Long
Published: February 2015

An improved homogeneous balance principle and an F-expansion technique are used to construct exact chirped self-similar solutions to the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation with distributed dispersion, nonlinearity, and gain coefficients. Such solutions exist under certain conditions and impose constraints on the functions describing dispersion, nonlinearity, and distributed gain function. The results show that the chirp function is related only to the dispersion coefficient, however, it affects all of the system parameters, which influence the form of the wave amplitude. As few characteristic examples and some simple chirped self-similar waves are presented.
The Modified (G'/G)-Expansion Method for Nonlinear Evolution Equations
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Sun Ying-Na , Ba Jin-Mei , Dong Ling
Published: February 2015

A modified (Gʹ/G)-expansion method is proposed to construct exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. To illustrate the validity and advantages of the method, the (3+1)-dimensional potential Yu-Toda-Sasa-Fukuyama (YTSF) equation is considered and more general travelling wave solutions are obtained. Some of the obtained solutions, namely hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions, and rational solutions contain an explicit linear function of the variables in the considered equation. It is shown that the proposed method provides a more powerful mathematical tool for solving nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics.
On Atom-Bond Connectivity Index
Authors: Zhou Bo , Xing Rundan
Published: February 2015

The atom-bond connectivity (ABC) index, introduced by Estrada et al. in 1998, displays an excellent correlation with the formation heat of alkanes. We give upper bounds for this graph invariant using the number of vertices, the number of edges, the Randi´c connectivity indices, and the first Zagreb index. We determine the unique tree with the maximum ABC index among trees with given numbers of vertices and pendant vertices, and the n-vertex trees with the maximum, and the second, the third, and the fourth maximum ABC indices for n ≥ 6.
Symmetry Reductions and Exact Solutions of the Two-Layer Model in Atmosphere
Authors: Dong Zhongzhou , Huang Fei , Chen Yong
Published: February 2015

By means of the classical symmetry method, we investigate the two-layer model in atmosphere. The symmetry group of two-layer model equations is studied and its corresponding group invariant solutions are constructed. Ignoring the discussion of the infinite-dimensional subalgebra, we construct the optimal system of one-dimensional and two-dimensional group invariant solutions. Furthermore, using the associated vector fields of the obtained symmetry, we give out the reductions by one-dimensional and two-dimensional subalgebras, and some explicit solutions of two-layer model equations are obtained. For some interesting solutions, the figures are given out to show their properties. Some solutions can describe the horizontal structure of tropical cyclones (TC). Especially, a new solution of double-eyewall structure of TCs is firstly found in this two-layer model.
Electrical Conductivity of SiC/Si Composites Obtained from Wood Preforms
Authors: Béjar Marco Antonio , Mena Rodrigo , Toro Juan Esteban
Published: February 2015

Biomorphic SiC/Si composites were produced from pine and beech wood, and the corresponding electrical conductivity was determined as a function of the temperature. Firstly, wood preforms were pyrolized at 1050 °C in nitrogen. Then, the pyrolized preforms were impregnated with liquid silicon and kept at 1600 °C for 2 h in vacuum. The SiC/Si composites were obtained due to the produced carbothermal reaction. As expected, the resulting electrical conductivity of these composites increased with the temperature and with the silicon content.
Effects of Non-Integral Number of PeristalticWaves Transporting Couple Stress Fluids in Finite Length Channels
Authors: Pandey Sanjay Kumar , Tripathi Dharmendra
Published: February 2015

Peristaltic flow of couple stress fluids is studied here in a finite length channel. The analysis is carried out under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. When the couple stress parameter increases, it is found that pressure diminishes, maximum averaged flow rate increases, mechanical efficiency decreases, area experiencing reflux reduces, and trapped bolus-size increases. A comparative study of integral and non-integral number of waves propagating along the channel is also done.
On the Fractional-Order Logistic Equation with Two Different Delays
Authors: El-Sayed Ahmed M.A. , El-Saka Hala A.A , El-Maghrabi Esam M.
Published: February 2015

The fractional-order logistic equation with the two different delays r1, r2 > 0, Dα x(t) = ρx(t − r1)[1−x(t −r2)], t > 0 and ρ > 0, with the initial data x(t) = x0, t ≤ 0 are considered. The existence of a unique uniformly stable solution is studied and the Adams-type predictor-corrector method is applied to obtain the numerical solution.
Application of Quotient Rings for Stability Analysis in Chemical Systems
Authors: Sauerbrei Sonja , Sensse Anke , Eiswirth Markus
Published: February 2015

Concepts from algebraic geometry (polynomial rings) can be used to determine analytically the stationary solutions in chemical reactions systems, more generally, systems of ordinary differential equations of polynomial form. The stability analysis via the Jacobian matrix often leads to complicated expressions which can hardly be analyzed. It is shown that these expressions can be simplified by forming quotient rings of the corresponding polynomial ring. The coefficients in the characteristic equation of the Jacobian can be represented by the normal forms obtained by generating the quotient rings so that their sign changes in dependence of a kinetic parameter and, hence, the stability can be determined. The procedure is illustrated using a well-known surface reaction.
Orientational Behaviour of some Novel Fluoro-Substituted Liquid Crystals as Studied by Optical Spectroscopy Methods
Authors: Modlínska Anna , Bauman Danuta , Jadżyn Jan , Dąbrowski Roman
Published: February 2015

The long-range orientational order of eight newly synthesized fluoro-substituted liquid crystals, two with a positive dielectric anisotropy and six with a negative dielectric anisotropy, was studied by means of the optical spectroscopy methods: electronic absorption and fluorescence. The liquid crystals were doped with small amount of the fluorescent dichroic dye. The absorption and emission spectra of linearly polarized light were recorded as a function of temperature in the whole range of the mesophase. The results obtained allow to determine the order parameters〈P2 and〈P4〉as well as the orientational distribution function. An importance of the molecular structure of the liquid crystal on the orientational order was ascertained and discussed.
Exact Solutions and Localized Excitations of Burgers System in (3+1) Dimensions
Authors: Zheng Chun-Long , Zhu Hai-Ping
Published: February 2015

With the help of a Cole-Hopf transformation, the nonlinear Burgers system in (3+1) dimensions is reduced to a linear system. Then by means of the linear superposition theorem, a general variable separation solution to the Burgers system is obtained. Finally, based on the derived solution, a new type of localized structure, i.e., a solitonic bubble is revealed and some evolutional properties of the novel localized structure are briefly discussed
Chirped Wave Solutions of a Generalized (3+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Schr¨odinger Equation
Authors: Lai Xian-Jing , Cai Xiao-Ou
Published: February 2015

The exact chirped soliton-like and quasi-periodic wave solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation including linear and nonlinear gain (loss) with variable coefficients are obtained detailedly in this paper. The form and the behaviour of solutions are strongly affected by the modulation of both the dispersion coefficient and the nonlinearity coefficient. In addition, self-similar soliton-like waves precisely piloted from our obtained solutions by tailoring the dispersion and linear gain (loss)
Enhanced Mixing at Low Reynolds Numbers Through Elastic Turbulence
Authors: Goddard Chris , Hess Ortwin
Published: February 2015

A generic nonlinear Maxwell model for the stress tensor in viscoelastic materials is studied under mixing scenarios in a three-dimensional steady lid-driven cavity flow. Resulting laminar and turbulent flow profiles are investigated to study their mixing efficiencies. Massless tracer particles and passive concentrations are included to show that the irregular spatio-temporal chaos, present in turbulent flow, is useful for potential mixing applications. A Lyapunov measure for filament divergence confirms that the turbulent flow is more efficient at mixing
Two New Copper (II) Complexes with the Same NNO Donor Schiff Base Ligand: A Monomer and a Dimer
Authors: Liu Bao Lin , Wang Yan Xia , Tao Ruo Jie
Published: February 2015

Two new copper(II) complexes, [(CuL)2(μ1,1-N3)2]・2H2O (1) and [Cu(HL)(2,2ʹ-bipy)- (CH3COO)]・ClO4・H2O (2), have been synthesized using the tridentate NNO Schiffbase ligand 2- [(2-aminoethylimino)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol (HL). They have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The copper environment is distorted square pyramidal in complex 1: two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom from the ligands and two nitrogen atoms from two azido ligands build the coordination polyhedron around the copper atom. The Cu-Nazide-Cu angle in complex 1 is 85.6°. This is unusually small in comparison with the same angle in other end-on doubly azido-bridged dimers. Complex 2 is mononuclear with the Cu atom having a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Magnetic measurements of 1 have been performed in the temperature range from 2 to 300 K. The experimental data indicate an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between copper(II) ions bridged by the azido ligand. The best-fit parameters for complex 1 are g = 2.18 and J = −1.31 cm−1.
An Asymmetric Salen-type Bisoxime Ligand and Its Supramolecular Copper(II) Complex: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectral Properties
Authors: Dong Wen-Kui , Sun Yin-Xia , Xing Si-Jia , Wang Yuan , Gao Xiong-Hou
Published: February 2015

A supramolecular Cu(II) complex [CuL(H2O)] with an asymmetric salen-type bisoxime ligand (H2L = 4-nitro-6ʹ-methoxy-2,2ʹ-[ethylenediyldioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, TG-DTA analysis, and molar conductance measurements. The crystal structure of the Cu(II) complex has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Cu(II) atom is penta-coodinated by N2O2 donor atoms from the asymmetic salen-type bisoxime L2− unit and one oxygen atom from the coordinated water molecule, resulting in an almost regular square-pyramidal geometry. With the help of intermolecular O-H· · ·O, C-H· · ·O hydrogen bonding and π · · ·π stacking interactions, a self-assembled 3D supramolecular structure is formed.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Properties of a New Trinuclear Manganese(II) Complex Mn3(2,2ʹ-bipy)2(C7H5O3)6
Authors: Yang Ying-Qun , Zhang Man-Bo , Chen Man-Sheng , Chen Zhi-Min
Published: February 2015

A new trinuclear complex Mn3(2,2ʹ-bipy)2(C7H5O3)6 (1) with α-furacrylic acid (HL) and 2,2ʹ- bipyridine as ligands has been synthesized. In 1, six L- anions link three Mn(II) cations to form a trinuclear structure. Each Mn cation is coordinated by six atoms to give a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The luminescence and electrochemical properties of 1 were investigated. Complex 1 exhibits one intense fluorescence emission band at around 498 nm. It is paramagnetic showing weak antiferromagnetic coupling at low temperature. The electron transfer is irreversible in the electrode reaction of 1, one electron being involved in the reduction corresponding to Mn(III)/Mn(II).
The First Indazolimine-Arylazobenzonitrile Rearrangement
Authors: El-Shaieb Kamal M. , Ernst Ludger , Kerssebaum Rainer
Published: February 2015

A series of 2-arylazobenzonitriles (5a - f) have been obtained through a novel indazolimine-arylazobenzonitrile rearrangement. The products 5a - f were fully characterized and their structure elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and analytical data. The mechanism of formation of 5a - f is discussed.
Synthesis of Novel Benzosuberone Derivatives using Organophosphorus Reagents and their Antitumor Activities
Authors: Boulos Leila S. , Abdel-Malek Hoda A. , El-Sayed Naglaa F.
Published: February 2015

2-Arylidenebenzosuberones react with a Wittig-Horner reagent in the presence of sodium hydride as a base to give the novel dimethyl (4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-oxa-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrobenzo- [6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-b]pyran-3-yl)phosphonate. On the other hand, 6,7-dihydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta- [1,2-b]pyran-2(5H)-ones were isolated from the reaction of 2-arylidenebenzosuberones withWittig- Horner reagents using alcoholic sodium alkoxide. The reaction of 2-arylidenebenzosuberones with trialkyl phosphites affords the alkyl phosphonate derivatives. Tris(dialkylamino)phosphines react with 2-arylidenebenzosuberones to give the oxaphospholanoxide products. 2-Arylidenebenzosuberones react with Lawesson’s reagent to yield the corresponding dimers. Some of the prepared products were screened for antitumor activity
Synthesis of New 4-Aryl-1-(biarylmethylene)piperidines. Structural Analogs of Adoprazine (SLV313)
Authors: Ullah Nisar , Al-Shaheri Ali Ahmed Qaid
Published: February 2015

A series of new 4-aryl-1-(biarylmethylene)piperidines have been synthesized. They are structurally related to SLV-313, a potential atypical antipsychotic agent with potent D2 receptor antagonist and 5-HT1A receptor agonist properties. Suzuki-Miyaura reaction of cyclic vinyl boronates, derived from the vinyl triflates of N-protected tetrahydropyridines, with appropriate aryl halides yielded 4-arylpiperidines. The reductive amination of the latter with suitable biarylaldehdyes accomplished the synthesis of the new compounds.
Light-induced Free Radical Oxidation of 2-Oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines
Authors: Memarian Hamid Reza , Hejazi Leila , Farhadi Asadallah
Published: February 2015

A variety of 4-substituted 5-acetyl- and 5-carboethoxy-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidines were oxidized under UV irradiation in the presence or absence of benzoyl peroxide. The nature of the substituents on the 4- and 5-positions of the heterocyclic ring affects the rate of photo-oxidation, and irradiation of these compounds in the presence of benzoyl peroxide decreases the time of reaction drastically. Removal of 4-H by a benzoyloxy radical under formation of a trihydropyrimidinoyl radical intermediate occurs in the rate-determining step. The stability of this benzylic and allylic radical intermediate is affected by the nature and the position of the additional substituent on the phenyl group located at C-4.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chiral Guanidines und Guanidinium Salts Derived from 1-Phenylethylamine
Authors: Castiglia Amélie , El Sehrawi Hend M. , Orbegozo Thomas , Spitzner Dietrich , Claasen Birgit , Frey Wolfgang , Kantlehner Willi , Jäger Volker
Published: February 2015

The synthesis of two new chiral guanidines 5 and 12 and derived guanidinium salts 6, 11, 13 -15 with one and three N-(1-phenylethyl) substituents is described. In both cases, the well-precedented, reliable route via chloro-formamidines was taken. Since direct attachment of the N-methyl-N-(1- phenethyl)-amino group failed, the two-step protocol - introduction of the primary 1-phenethylamino group first followed by N-methylation - was employed. Crystal structures and NMR data reveal, that the sterically highly congested “tris” salt - with formal C3 symmetry, albeit unsymmetrical in the crystal - constitutes an intriguing structure with two rotamers present in solution.
Orthoamide und Iminiumsalze, LXXVI [1]. Ein weiterer Beitrag zur Chemie der Trialkoxyacetonitrile/ Orthoamides and Iminium Salts LXXVI [1]. A Further Contribution to the Chemistry of Trialkoxyacetonitriles
Authors: Kantlehner Willi , Vettel Markus , Eppinger Bernhard
Published: February 2015

An improved procedure for the preparation of trimethoxyacetonitrile (3a) starting from trichloroacetonitrile and sodium methanolate is described. Carbanions, obtained by the action of sodium hydride on nitriles, ethyl acetate and methylketones, react with trialkoxyacetonitriles 3 to give α- imino-orthocarboxylic acid trialkylesters 12, 14 and 20, which form an equilibrium with the tautomeric enamines 13, 15 and 21. The enamines 21 react with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (24) to give amidines 25 which are cyclized to pyridinium salts 28 and 29 on treatment with benzyl bromide and acetyl chloride, respectively. The reaction of the enaminonitrile 13a with the orthoamide derivative of phenylpropiolic acid 30 affords the pyridine-2-orthocarboxylic acid trimethylester 31. The N,O-protected 4-hydroxy-piperidine 35 can be deprotonated by means of sec-butyl lithium. The carbanions thus formed are trapped with D2O, dimethyl sulfate, phenylisocyanate, CO2, and dimethyl carbonate delivering the piperidine derivatives 37 - 41. The heterocyclic orthoester 43 can be prepared analogously from 35 and 3a. The piperidine derivatives 44, 46 and 47 are prepared from the N,O-protected piperidines 39 and 41.
Snow White and the Enchanted Palace
Authors: Platt Jonathan Brooks
Published: February 2015

This essay offers a chronotopic reading of V. I. Lenin’s architectural cult and its relation to Soviet sovereignty in the postrevolutionary period, as reflected in the discourse and plans surrounding the Lenin Mausoleum and the Palace of Soviets in Moscow. Central contexts include Andrei Platonov’s novella The Foundation Pit and Russian versions of the “Snow White” tale.
Highly specific role of the insulin receptor in breast cancer progression
Authors: Rostoker Ran , Abelson Sagi , Bitton-Worms Keren , Genkin Inna , Ben-Shmuel Sarit , Dakwar Maria , Orr Zila Shen , Caspi Avishay , Tzukerman Maty , LeRoith Derek
Published: February 2015

Accumulating evidence from clinical trials indicates that specific targeting of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) is not efficient as an anti-breast cancer treatment. One possible reason is that the mitogenic signals from the insulin receptor (IR) can be processed independently or as compensation to inhibition of the IGF1R. In this study, we highlight the role of the IR in mediating breast tumor progression in both WT mice and a hyperinsulinemic MKR mouse model by induction ofIr(Insr) orIgf1rknockdown (KD) in the mammary carcinoma Mvt-1 cell line. By using the specific IR antagonist-S961, we demonstrated thatIgf1r-KD induces elevated responses by the IR to IGF1. On the other hand,Ir-KD cells generated significantly smaller tumors in the mammary fat pads of both WT and MKR mice, as opposed to control cells, whereas theIgf1r-KD cells did not. The tumorigenic effects of insulin on the Mvt-1 cells were also demonstrated using microarray analysis, which indicates alteration of genes and signaling pathways involved in proliferation, the cell cycle, and apoptosis following insulin stimulation. In addition, the correlation between IR and the potential prognostic marker for aggressive breast cancer, CD24, was examined in theIr-KD cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis revealed more than 60% reduction in CD24 expression in theIr-KD cells when compared with the control cells. Our results also indicate that CD24-expressing cells can restore, at least in part, the tumorigenic capacity ofIr-KD cells. Taken together, our results highlight the mitogenic role of the IR in mammary tumor progression with a direct link to CD24 expression.
Handling equivalence classes of Optimality-Theoretic tableaux
Authors: Yanovich Igor
Published: February 2015

Many Optimality-Theoretic tableaux contain exactly the same information, and equivalence-preserving operations on them have been an object of study for some two decades. This paper shows that several of the operations proposed in the earlier literature together are actually enough to express any possible equivalence-preserving transformation. Moreover, every equivalence class of comparative tableaux (equivalently, of sets of Elementary Ranking Conditions, or ERC sets) has a unique and computable normal form that can be derived using those elementary operations in polynomial time. Any equivalence-preserving operation on comparative tableaux (ERC sets) is thus computable, and normal form tableaux may therefore represent their equivalence classes without loss of generality.
A proof-theoretic semantics for contextual domain restriction
Authors: Francez Nissim
Published: February 2015

The paper presents a proof-theoretic semantics account of contextual domain restriction for quantified sentences in a fragment of English. First, the technique is exemplified in the more familiar first-order logic, and in its restricted quantification variant. Then, a proof-theoretic semantics for the NL fragment is reviewed, and extended to handling contextual domain restriction. The paper addresses both the descriptive facet of the problem, deriving meaning relative to a context, as well as the fundamental aspect, defining explicitly a context (suitable for quantifier domain restriction), and specifying what it is about such a context that brings about the variation of meaning due to it.The paper argues for the following principle: The context incorporation principle (CIP): For every quantified sentence S depending on a context c, there exists a sentence S', the meaning of which is independent of c, s.t. the contextually restricted meaning of S is equal to the  meaning of S'. Thus, the effect of a context can always be *internalized*. The current model-theoretic accounts of contextual domain restriction do not satisfy CIP, in that they imply intersection of some extension with an *arbitrary* subset of the domain, that need not be the denotation of any NL-expression.
SCREENING AND OPTIMIZATION OF CULTURE CONDITIONS FOR CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER NSPR012 IN SUBMERGED FERMENTATION
Authors: Bamidele Akinyele Juliet , Elizabeth Falade and Oladipo Oladiti Olaniyi Oluwatosin
Published: February 2015

This study aimed at screening of selected fungal strains and optimization of process parameters for cellulases production in submerged fermentation. Aspergillus niger NSPR012 was selected for further studies as the most potent in producing cellulase of high activity. Utilization of various agro-wastes as substitute tocarboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) for cellulase production was also investigated. Among tested carbon sources, banana peels at a concentration of 5% was found to be the most effective carbon source. The cellulase production by Aspergillus niger NSPR012 in mineral salt medium attained maximum after 96 h of incubation. Maximum cellulase activity (0.466µmol/min/mL) was obtained with locust beans as the best organic nitrogen source. The optimum incubation temperature and initial pH were 37°C and 5.5, respectively. With this information, banana peels could have good biotechnological potential for bio-products formation in which cellulase is one.
CELLULASES PRODUCTION UNDER SOLID STATE FERMENTATION USING AGRO WASTE AS A SUBSTRATE AND ITS APPLICATION IN SACCHARIFICATION BY TRAMETES HIRSUTA NCIM
Authors: R. Dave Bhaumik , Parmar Pritesh , Sudhir Ankit , Singal Neetu , B. Subramanian R.
Published: February 2015

Food and energy crisis are the biggest constraint all over the world which has focused lights on need of utilizing renewable resources to meet the future demand. A promising strategy is efficient utilization of lignocellulosic waste and fermentation of the resulting sugars for production of desired metabolites or biofuel. Production of all the cellulase enzymes on wheat bran and different parameters regulating it like pH, moisture ratio (substrate: liquid), temperature and inoculum size has been optimized which found to be 4.5, 1:3, 30°C and 108 spores respectively. Salient feature of partially purified enzyme with stability in the range of 30-50°C under acidic pH range was found to be prominent for industrial applications, moreover in this study, Trametes hirsuta, an efficient cellulase producer, was observed to be an effective species for saccharification of wheat straw to enhance the sugar yield. Enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw with 15 FPU of cellulase from the species showed 73% yield in 20 hrs. It may prove to be a suitable choice for the industrial saccharification of lignocellulosic biomasses.
SYNTHESIS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, SPECTROSCOPY PROPERTIES AND POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIALITIES OF A NEW SYNTHETIC COMPOUND: AMINO- CHLOROPYRIDINIUM DIAQUA DIOXALATO IRON(III)
Authors: Abdelhak Jawher , Badiaa Essghaier , Nourchene Toukebri , Naouar Amani , Hanene Rebib , Faouzi Zid Mohamed , Sadfi-Zouaoui Najla
Published: February 2015

We report herein the synthesis and the physicochemical characterization of a new mixed-ligand iron(III) complex of formula (C5H6ClN2)[Fe(C2O4)2(H2O)2].2H2O. This compound has been prepared by slow evaporation at room temperature and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. It has been characterized by IR and UV-VIS spectra and thermal analysis (TG and DTA). In this compound, the iron ion has a slightly distorted square bipyramidal environment, coordinated by two chelating oxalate ion and two water molecules. Structural cohesion is established essentially by π-π interactions between the rings of pyridine groups and intermolecular hydrogen bonds connecting the ionic entities and uncoordinated water molecules.
In vitro antimicrobial activities of the amino- chloropyridinium diaqua dioxalato iron (III) against pathogenic fungi, yeast and bacteria were studied in this work. On the whole, our new compound has high antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua. The amino- chloropyridinium diaqua dioxalato iron (III) used at 200µg m-1, can reduce Candida albicans survival of about 45.45%, and destruct hyphe mycelial of Trichophyton rubrum. High lysozyme activities were expressed especially against Listeria innocua with 17 times more than Staphylococcus aureus. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) are ranging from 16 µg ml-1 for bacteria to 256 µg ml-1 for yeast and IC50 values varying from 1.44 to 10.45 µg ml-1 for bacteria and 45.8 for yeast.
THE ROLE OF RED PIGMENT PRODIGIOSIN FROM BACTERIA OF EARTHWORM GUT AS AN ANTICANCER AGENT
Authors: P.B. Sruthy , J.C. Anjana , Rathinamala J. , Jayashree S.
Published: February 2015

Earthworms are the most ancient invertebrate animals on earth which can be used as a good source of pharmaceutical compounds. A study was carried out to find out the distribution of microorganisms in the gut of earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae. Significant number of microbial populations in the gut of earthworm was observed and it was gradually increased from the initial day to final day of composting. Pigmented colonies of bacteria from earthworm gut were selectively isolated, the pigment was extracted from the culture broth and a presumptive test was carried out for the confirmation of prodigiosin. The pigment component was separated using thin layer chromatography and the structural elucidation of the compound was performed using U.V. spectroscopy. The inhibitory effect of prodigiosin on bacterial pathogens was studied and the results confirmed the antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria. The anticancer activity of the prodigiosin pigment was evaluated under in vitro conditions against the breast cancer cell lines and it was observed that prodigiosin induced the apoptosis in MCF-7 cell lines in a dose dependent manner. Then the potential isolate was subjected to morphological and biochemical analysis and it was confirmed that the colonies were of Serratia marcescens. The results obtained from the present study indicated that earthworm gut is promising and could be a vital source of habitat possessing antimicrobial and anticancer activity.
ANTI-NUTRIENTS, AMINO ACID QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF “NDUDUAGWORAGWO” TRADITIONAL DIET
Authors: K.C. Duru Majesty , A. Amadi Benjamin , N. Constance Nwadike , Jevas C. Ozougwu And
Published: February 2015

A “nduduagworagwo” is a traditional food of Akokwa people in Imo State, South eastern, Nigeria. Based on the recent linkage of natural foods to health, the anti-nutrients, amino acid quality and performance characteristics of “nduduagworagwo” traditional food was studied. Low levels of cyanogenic glycoside (0.09±0.03mg/100g), phytate (0.04±0.00 mg/100g), and oxalate (0.29±0.05 mg/100g) anti-nutrients were observed in the studied food. Anti-nutrient/nutrient interactions; oxalate/calcium (0.73), phytate/calcium (0.01), and phytate/iron (0.02) in “nduduagworagwo” were lower than their critical values. Essential and non-essential amino acids were also obtained in the food. The chemical scores for observed amino acids compared favourably with those of reference food materials and some other existing traditional foods. The performance characteristics in this study indicated that “nduduagworagwo” could be an intermediate protein food that can enhance the body with good digestibility (96.00± 2.87%) and biological (58.06± 1.04%) values. The present study has revealed the anti-nutrients, amino acid quality, and performance characteristic of “nduduagworagwo” traditional food.
ESTRUS INDUCTION IN THE SOWS WITH eCG INJECTION 24h AFTER WEANING WITHIN WARM AND COOL SEASON
Authors: Stančić Ivan , Radović Ivan , Apić Jelena , Stančić Blagoje , Božić Aleksandar , Apić Igor
Published: February 2015

Numerous studies show significantly reduced sows fertility in the warm period of the year. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sows treatment with eCG preparation, 24h after weaning, on the estrous reaction level in the cool and warm season of the year. A significantly (p
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE OLD AND NEW BARLEY VARIETIES ON THE BASIS OF HORDEIN POLYMORPHISM WITH RESPECT TO QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS
Authors: Tomka Marián , Chňapek Milan , Gálová Zdenka , Urminská Dana
Published: February 2015

The current registered barley varieties are classified according to their biological and economic characters meeting the growing conditions. Varieties are characterized using molecular markers on the level of protein and DNA. Using starch gel electrophoresis we studied the frequency of hordein alleles, which are potential markers of economically important traits of 30 barley varieties. Among the 26 alleles detected in two main loci (Hrd A, Hrd B), we identified 7 potential markers (A3, A12, A23, B8, B17, B19, B47) with the frequency ranged from 1.18% to 12.14%. Number of these alleles differs over the years and together with number of lines per variety has decreasing tendency. On the basis of the detected alleles we are able to predict malting quality parameters and resistance to most common barley pathogens.