bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The poststagnation stage for mature tourism areas
Authors: Albaladejo Isabel P. , Martínez-García María Pilar
Published: December 2015

The tourism area life cycle (TALC) model of Butler explains the temporal evolution of a tourism resort. Lundtorp and Wanhill find that the logistic growth model represents the first phases of the TALC model. However, since the logistic model assumes a fixed tourism market ceiling, it fails to explain the poststagnation stage, where rejuvenation, decline, or any other intermediate possibility may arise. Taking into account the data of passenger flows to Bornholm from 1912 to 2001 collected by Lundtorp and Wanhill, the authors find that the superposition of several logistic growth models fits better with these data. Then they propose a multilogistic growth model, where investment or innovation in the tourism sector boosts the addition of new logistic curves which superpose the old ones. The continuous birth and superposition of these new life cycles is not free; it requires the purposive effort of entrepreneurs and governments seeking new markets and the improvement of infrastructures.
An Approach to Developmental Cognition in Organizations
Authors: Emre Caglar Mustafa
Published: December 2015

As an enthusing concept to re-define the organizational cosmos in a novel form, this study approve the cognition of individuals as a starting point. Despite the abundant study of organizational cognition concept, there remains an uncharted area which depicts; how perceptions of different cognitive capacities might hierarchise the organizational cosmos. Upon this, we used ‘Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory’ as a metaphor and found 3 hierarchic cognitive level which characterize on different justification modes. Also an additional theoric level identified for possible phenomenons. We show that the consideration styles of organization members evolve while their cognitive capacities and related environmental perceptions broaden and that these shifts are consistently patterned. An objective scale was developed using an ontological approach to confirm the oral interviews. Eventually, we obtained two different scales for industrial use.
Firm Structural Characteristics and Financial Reporting Quality of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Olowokure Olumide A. , Tanko Muhammad , Nyor Terzungwe
Published: December 2015

The quality of financial report is very crucial as published financial reports remains, for the most part, the only means by which outside shareholders and investors keep themselves informed about the performance of the firm. In the present economic scenario, this concern for financial reporting quality becomes more acute as emerging market economies and more importantly mono economies like Nigeria face greater uncertainties as they combat the challenges of unprecedented fall in oil prices. In addition to this, the suspension of the CEO, Chairman and two other directors of Stambic IBTC bank by the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria for filling a misleading financial statement for 2013 and 2014 has also shown that the issue of financial reporting quality cannot be overemphasized. Using secondary data from the published reports of thirteen listed deposit money banks in Nigeria for over a period of ten years between 2005 and 2014, this paper seeks to find the determinants of financial reporting quality and reports the findings of the impact of structural characteristics like age, size and level of leverage on financial reporting quality. Using prio studies as a guide, we developed a model for loan loss provisions and generated the residuals, using these residuals know as abnormal loan loss provisions as the dependent variable for the multiple regression analysis, the study did not find any evidence of significant relationship between firm age, size, leverage and financial reporting quality.
Myths and Narratives for Management
Authors: Gehmann Ulrich
Published: December 2015

Having in mind the social, human, cultural and systemic problems management is confronted with today, but also the intricate relationships between art and technique, the recent predominant understanding of what ‘management’ is settles upon its technical, that is, essentially functional character. The thesis is that this basic character has not changed, despite all attempts to redefine, modify, or even re-think management as a cultural practice. Related to this basic character, some elements of the mind set underlying such an understanding of ‘management’ shall be examined, elements which may be called mythic.

For such a mind set, management is primarily conceived as a function, and as in case of every process that is technical in its essence, it finally aims at an objectification and optimization of the entities it has to deal with. That functional character, and out of it, the desire for dominating the respective entities by formatting them rests on certain assumptions about a ‘relevant’ world, assumptions to be examined in this contribution.
Exploring Economy Dependence in the Middle East Using Governmental Accounting Indicators: The Case of Palestine, Jordan & Israel
Authors: Daraghma Zahran Mohammad Ali , Iriqat Raed Ali Mahmoud
Published: December 2015

This paper aims at examining the causality between Palestine, Jordan, and Israel economics using three macroeconomic (governmental accounting) measurement indices: Gross Domestic Product [GDP], Inflation Rate [IR] and Unemployment Rate [UR]. In order to achieve this purpose, this manuscript employs a macroeconomic time series analysis on data gathered Palestine, Jordan, and Israel from 1997-2014. The paper employs a variety of econometric statistical methods (e.g. descriptive statistics, correlation tests, ordinary least squares, and Granger causality test). The findings of this paper statistically support the notion that both GDP in Israel and GDP in Jordan effects the Palestinian GDP. These findings put an emphasis on the dependency of the Palestinian economy on both the Jordanian and Israeli economies. Furthermore, in lieu of the findings, this study recommends that fiscal policy makers in Palestine exert serious efforts to attract additional foreign and expatriate investments, attempt to create a stable and attractive entrepreneurial and investment climate, and build national support for local products and services to minimize the interdependence. These recommendation could inspire greater confidence in the Palestinian economy and help create a better investment climate.
Questionnaire Investigation on Jewelry/Accessory Internet Shopping and Its Analysis Utilizing Bayesian Network
Authors: Aburai Tsuyoshi , Takeyasu Kazuhiro , Ishio Chie
Published: December 2015

Recently, the numbers of jewelry/accessories buying via the Internet are increasing, especially for young people. They often have difficulty deciding what kinds of jewelry/accessories, because there are many kinds of jewelry/accessories to choose from. Consulting service to support decisions is required for these matters. In this paper, a questionnaire investigation is executed for the purchasing on-line network, used for jewelry/accessory purchasing in order to get instructions for an on-line network consulting service. Nearly 500 sample data are collected. In this research, we construct the model utilizing Bayesian Network and causal relationship is sequentially chained by the characteristic of customer, the purchase budget and the accessory type. We analyzed them by sensitivity analysis and log odds ratio was also calculated. Hypothesis testing result was compared with this one. The method to utilize log odds ratio in the sensitivity analysis under the Bayesian Network proved to be sensitive and useful. This method would be applicable in many Bayesian Network analyses. These are utilized for constructing a much more effective and useful on-line network consulting service.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: December 2015

International Business Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.International Business Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to ibr@ccsenet.org.
The Mediating Role of Knowledge Management and the Moderating Part of Organizational Culture between HRM Practices and Organizational Performance
Authors: Al-Tit Ahmad A.
Published: December 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices and organizational performance on the basis of 247 valid and reliable questionnaires distributed to managers at different management levels working in Jordanian manufacturing firms. The study also aimed to explore the mediating role of knowledge management as well as the moderating effect of organizational culture on the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance. Ten HRM practices and 10 indicators of organizational performance were adopted for the purpose of this study. Knowledge management was measured by examining three processes; knowledge creation, sharing and utilization. Organizational culture was measured according to passive/defensive, aggressive/defensive and constructive cultures. The results of the study supported the presumed hypotheses. Hence, HRM practices significantly predicted organizational performance. Knowledge management mediated the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance. Finally, it was found that organizational culture moderated the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance as well as the relationship between HRM practices and knowledge management. Constructive cultures play a positive role in the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance (OP), while defensive cultures negatively affect the relationship between HRM practices and knowledge management (KM). The main contribution of this study to the literature on HRM, KM and OP derives from the lack of prior studies addressing the same purposes as this study. The study informs researchers and managers that both knowledge management and organizational culture mediate and moderate the impact of HRM practices on organizational performance to a considerable extent.
The Effects of Dual-Credit Enrollment on Underrepresented Students: The Utah Case
Authors: Haskell Richard E.
Published: December 2015

This study considers the effects of Utah’s Dual-Credit Enrollment (DCE) and Early College High School (ECHS) programs on underrepresented students’ performance via an examination of the Utah Data Alliance longitudinal public education dataset. The study assesses standardized testing scores, high school graduation rates, dual course credits earned, higher education enrollment, time-to-completion, and degree attainment outcomes for various minority and low income student groups enrolled in DCE and ECHS programs.

To limit the endogeneity and self-selection bias present in non-experimental data, the study employs Propensity Score Matching method (PMS) as a quasi-experimental design methodology. Although PMS offers many advantages, its strength as an estimator is dependent on the existence of complete and quality matching variables. To assure accurate model specifications given the available data, Receiving Operator Characteristic (ROC) Analysis is applied to variations on the PMS models.
Estimated outcomes reflect positive effects for each of the examined student populations differentiated by gender, race, income and English Language Learner status. The economic effects of accumulating higher education course credits and decreases in higher education time-to-completion may yield the most interesting outcomes, enjoy the strongest causal claims, and result in measurable household and state level savings. These outcomes may also reveal potential weakness in the structure of higher education course and major programming, and the difficulty presented as high school students make higher education decisions.
Validation of J-Curve Hypothesis in the Nigerian Non Oil Sector
Authors: Obasanmi Jude O. , Nedozi Fidelis O.
Published: December 2015

J-Curve is a term used to describe the impact of currency devaluation on a country’s balance of trade. In carrying out the study, two objectives stated which are; the validation of the j-curve hypothesis in the short (SR) and long runs (LR). Also, the researcher used the OLS in addition to distributed lag model because exchange rate devaluation does not take effect immediately giving room for lag model effect. The study span from 1985-2014. The study adopted its model from Rose and Yellen (1989) and Rose (1990). The unit root test was used to determine the stationarity of the data. From the results, the OLS result showed delayed J-curve hypothesis. Under the distributed lag (DL), the result shows obedience to the J-curve hypothesis. It is concluded that, policy makers should implement the theory only when the aggregate exchange rate differential between export (non oil) and import (all) is continuously greater than one or equal to one in favour of export (non oil export). One of the recommendations of the study is that policy makers should know that in the current competitive globe, no importing economy will relax to see its economy be a dumping ground (import bias), so superior trade policies should be advocated and implemented. The sustenance of development is one of Nigeria’s challenges. The major policy implication of the study is that Nigeria should diversify the economy, deepen its non oil export and improve its infrastructural base.
Corporate Governance and Book-Tax Differences: Tunisian Evidence
Authors: Dridi Wiem , Boubaker Adel
Published: December 2015

This paper’s main objective is to examine the effect of corporate governance on earnings manipulations using BTD proxy. We investigate whether ownership structure board and audit committee characters affect earnings and tax management. Based on a sample of 21 corporations listed on Tunisian stock market during the period 2003-2012, our study employs regression analysis to test the prediction that the governance attributes reduces the likelihood of earnings and tax aggressiveness. We find that the ownership structure is an important corporate governance mechanism that affects BTD. We find that BTD does not vary with board size and the cumulative effect of the function of chief executive and president of the board. We find that the percentage of outside directors is associated with managerial discretion. Finally, we find that the audit committee influences ABTD through the variable relating to the financial expertise of the committee.
Does Political Instability in Developing Countries Attract More Foreign Aid?
Authors: Mamoon Mahjabeen
Published: December 2015

While foreign aid has many determinants, an important factor influencing aid allocation is the political risk prevailing in the aid receiving country. This paper uses panel approach to investigate empirically how different political instabilities in the aid receiving country influence aid allocation by donors. The paper specifies and estimates models using fixed effect and random effect approach that explain the allocation of net per capita ODA among 50 developing countries over the period 1990-2012. Out of the total eight risk indices used, five exerts a significant impact on aid allocation of which four are indicators of governance while the fifth is an indicator of internal conflict. Based on the models, there is a negative relationship between corruption and aid flow indicating donors’ intolerance for malfeasance. However, the significantly positive association between aid flow and other three governance indicators- government stability, law and order and bureaucratic quality is questionable. While addressing the concept of governance in the development agenda reflects donors’ increasing concern for aid effectiveness, the rise in aid inflow with the worsening of government stability, law and order and bureaucratic quality leads to one critical question- Are donors aiding bad governance? Based on the positive significance of poor governance and the insignificance of the socioeconomic condition on aid flow, the paper argues that donors are motivated by self-interest rather than altruistic nature.
The Impact of Export Volume and GDP on USA’s Civil Aviation in Between 1980-2012
Authors: Kalayci Salih , Yazici Sabire
Published: December 2015

This paper assays how the effect of USA’s both export volume and GDP have on civil aviation by implementing econometrical models such as linear regression and Johansen Co-integration tests in order to realize the dimension of its influence. The impact of both export volume and GDP on civil aviation have analyzed between the years 1980 and 2012 in order to make it a parametrical test by using E-Views Programme. According to Johansen cointegration test there is a long term relationship between the variables in between 1980-2012.Furthermore, It has been founded that USA’s export volume and GDP have crucial influence on civil aviation according to the E-Views programme results within the periods of 1980-2012. influence. The impact of both export volume and GDP on civil aviation have analyzed between the years 1980 and 2012 in order to make it a parametrical test by using E-Views Programme. According to Johansen cointegration test there is a long term relationship between the variables in between 1980-2012. Furthermore, It has been founded that USA’s export volume and GDP have crucial influence on civil aviation according to the E-Views programme results within the periods of 1980-2012.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 8, No. 1
Authors: Zhang Michael
Published: December 2015

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Economics and Finance, Vol. 8, No. 1
Foreign Direct Investment, Exports, and Long-Run Economic Growth in Asia: Panel Cointegration and Causality Analysis
Authors: Sothan Seng
Published: December 2015

This paper examines the co-movement and causal impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and exports on economic growth in 21 Asian countries over the period 1980 to 2013, using the panel cointegration and Granger causality analysis. Findings strongly confirm that there is a long-run steady-state relationship between FDI, exports, and GDP for the selected countries. Based on the panel Granger causality analysis, there is long-run bidirectional causality between FDI and GDP and between exports and GDP. This can be concluded that FDI and exports do have causal impact on long-run growth in the countries being investigated.
The Development of Corporate Bond Markets: A Cross-Country Analysis
Authors: Le Dung P. , Nguyen Quang T. T. , Nguyen Toan M.
Published: December 2015

This study examines how macro-determinants influence corporate bonds by firms in 90 developed and developing countries over the period of 1970-2013. Employing Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model, the study explores whether exchange rate variability and the openess of the economy have a significant impact on corporate bonds of firms. Specifically, it examines whether increased variability of exchange rates, increases the issuing of corporate bonds by the firms in these countries, or whether corporate bonds are used less by firms in countries where there is greater openness.
Exploring Relationship Between the Stock Price of Taiwan and the Exchange Rate: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model with a Quantile Regression
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Kuang
Published: December 2015

This paper adopts an innovative method through combining an autoregressive distributed lag model and a quantile regression to examine the long-run equilibrium and short-run causal relationship between the stock price of Taiwan and the NTD/USD exchange rate from January 1980 to December 2014. The results indicate that there is long-run level equilibrium relationship between the stock price of Taiwan and the NTD/USD exchange rates at lower distribution of stock prices, and at higher and lower distribution of exchange rates. The causality results show that there is unidirectional causality running from Taiwan stock price to the NTD/USD exchange rate at higher distribution of exchange rates. The result shows that there is evidence in favor of the portfolio hypothesis.
Cercosporoid fungi of Poland
Authors: Świderska-Burek Urszula
Published: December 2015

The paper presents characteristics of cercosporoid fungal species from three genera, Cercospora, Passalora, and Pseudocercospora, occurring in Poland and deposited in Polish herbaria or to be expected due to the occurrence of their host plants in the Polish flora. The physiographic literature, but primarily own collections, as well as those gathered in the national herbaria, were the object of the revision.

This monograph provides morphological descriptions, lists of hosts and distribution in Poland and worldwide as well as detailed illustrations for 41 species. Dichotomous keys for identification of fungi parasitizing hosts from different plant families were prepared within the individual fungal genera.

The present study represents a compilation of 115 cercosporoid species, of which 63 are reported from Poland and another 6 were doubtful and excluded. The fungi parasitize 221 taxa of host plants from 131 genera and 47 families, out of which 158 taxa from 94 genera and 29 families have been actually found in Poland. Fourteen species described in this book belong to Cercospora apii s. l. Nine quarantine species are listed, from which only three have been published so far.

This study will be helpful to mycologists, plant pathologist, and Polish plant protection services for identification purposes of the fungi concerned.
Allogeneic Transplantation of Müller-Derived Retinal Ganglion Cells Improves Retinal Function in a Feline Model of Ganglion Cell Depletion
Authors: Becker Silke , Eastlake Karen , Jayaram Hari , Jones Megan F. , Brown Robert A. , McLellan Gillian J. , Charteris David G. , Khaw Peng T. , Limb G. Astrid
Published: December 2015

Human Müller glia with stem cell characteristics (hMGSCs) have been shown to improve retinal function upon transplantation into rat models of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) depletion. However, their translational potential may depend upon successful engraftment and improvement of retinal function in experimental models with anatomical and functional features resembling those of the human eye. We investigated the effect of allogeneic transplantation of feline Müller glia with the ability to differentiate into cells expressing RGC markers, following ablation of RGCs by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA). Unlike previous observations in the rat, transplantation of hMGSC-derived RGCs into the feline vitreous formed aggregates and elicited a severe inflammatory response without improving visual function. In contrast, allogeneic transplantation of feline MGSC (fMGSC)-derived RGCs into the vitrectomized eye improved the scotopic threshold response (STR) of the electroretinogram (ERG). Despite causing functional improvement, the cells did not attach onto the retina and formed aggregates on peripheral vitreous remnants, suggesting that vitreous may constitute a barrier for cell attachment onto the retina. This was confirmed by observations that cellular scaffolds of compressed collagen and enriched preparations of fMGSC-derived RGCs facilitated cell attachment. Although cells did not migrate into the RGC layer or the optic nerve, they significantly improved the STR and the photopic negative response of the ERG, indicative of increased RGC function. These results suggest that MGSCs have a neuroprotective ability that promotes partial recovery of impaired RGC function and indicate that cell attachment onto the retina may be necessary for transplanted cells to confer neuroprotection to the retina.

Significance

Müller glia with stem cell characteristics are present in the adult human retina, but they do not have regenerative ability. These cells, however, have potential for development of cell therapies to treat retinal disease. Using a feline model of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) depletion, cell grafting methods to improve RGC function have been developed. Using cellular scaffolds, allogeneic transplantation of Müller glia-derived RGC promoted cell attachment onto the retina and enhanced retinal function, as judged by improvement of the photopic negative and scotopic threshold responses of the electroretinogram. The results suggest that the improvement of RGC function observed may be ascribed to the neuroprotective ability of these cells and indicate that attachment of the transplanted cells onto the retina is required to promote effective neuroprotection.
Developing Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Based Therapy for the Masses
Authors: Rao Mahendra S. , Atala Anthony
Published: December 2015

The discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells and the ability to manufacture them using clinically compliant protocols has the potential to revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine. However, realizing this potential requires the development of processes that are reliable, reproducible, and cost-effective and that at the same time do not compromise the safety of the individuals receiving this therapy. In the present report, we discuss how cost reductions can be obtained using our experience with obtaining approval of biologic agents, autologous therapy, and the recent approval of cord blood banks.

Significance

For therapy to be widely available, the cost of manufacturing stem cells must be reduced. The steps proposed in the present report, when implemented, have the potential to reduce these costs significantly.
Avaliação dos tipos psicológicos de Jung na gestão de pessoas
Authors: Angnes Derli Luís
Published: January 2016

Gerir pessoas é um fator decisivo para o sucesso das organizações. A seleção e a contratação de pessoas certas para as funções de cada cargo são determinantes para a eficiência e eficácia nos processos empresariais. A criatividade e a inovação também dependem do potencial humano da organização. Surge então um grande desafio na Gestão de Pessoas: Como reconhecer as preferências e as características pessoais e profissionais de cada indivíduo. Desde a antiguidade, povos e civilizações buscavam decodificar a personalidade humana, no entanto, ainda não há uma teoria completa para explicar a personalidade em sua totalidade. Embora não seja uma teoria completa, os Tipos Junguianos, aliados ao inventário do MBTI conquistaram ao longo do tempo muitos adeptos e proporcionaram contribuições valiosas para a compreensão das pessoas em suas preferências e atitudes. Muitas organizações de diversos países vêm utilizando o MBTI para selecionar, contratar e realocar pessoas no trabalho, de modo a maximizar a sua eficiência e as aptidões naturais de cada indivíduo. A compreensão das diferenças nos tipos de personalidade não deve separar as pessoas, mas agregar na complementaridade. O trabalho apresentado, com base em uma abordagem psicológica e gerencial, busca compreender a personalidade humana, com um enfoque na teoria dos Tipos Psicológicos de Carl Gustav Jung e no método de avaliação dos tipos de Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). A metodologia empregada foi uma pesquisa empírica descritiva com questionários estruturados aplicados a 21 casos. Os resultados do estudo comprovam que o MBTI é capaz de predizer com grande fidedignidade as preferências pessoais e profissionais para as funções das quais propõe identificar e, que exercem relevância e importância na gestão de pessoas por permitir uma compreensão da tipologia humana a partir de uma metodologia com respaldo na teoria do renomado psicanalista Carl Gustav Jung.
A percepção de oportunidades no contexto do empreendedorismo social
Authors: Leal Antonia Lais , Ferreira de Freitas Ana Augusta , Coelho Soraya
Published: January 2016

A literatura aponta a existência de dois tipos de empreendedorismo: o empreendedorismo comercial e o empreendedorismo social, cuja meta principal é alterar a realidade social seja pela existência de uma missão ou pela percepção de barreiras de entrada para o acesso a determinados mercados sociais. Nos estudos sobre o empreendedorismo comercial, a oportunidade é visualizada como uma possibilidade de se atender com sucesso necessidades insatisfeitas suficientemente grandes, o que resulta em lucro para o empreendedor. Já para o empreendedorismo social, a percepção de oportunidades não é de fácil compreensão, pois foge do tradicional sistema de exploração de oportunidades que tem por objetivo final a mera obtenção de lucros. Ao considerar o impacto das atividades de natureza social e as crescentes transformações que esse tipo de atividade sofreu nos últimos anos, sugere-se que essas aproximam-se do empreendedorismo. Partindo desse pressuposto, o objetivo desse estudo é compreender como as oportunidades são percebidas e exploradas na conjuntura do empreendedorismo social, visando responder a seguinte pergunta: de que forma essas oportunidades são percebidas dentro do contexto do empreendedorismo social? Para dar conta dessa temática, além do levantamento bibliográfico empreendido para o referencial teórico, um estudo de caso foi conduzido junto a um empreendimento social previamente escolhido por suas características, que se encaixava nos moldes estabelecidos pela bibliografia consultada. Foram realizadas entrevistas com o empreendedor social e alguns dos beneficiários dessa prática.
Neto auxiliary proteins control both the trafficking and biophysical properties of the kainate receptor GluK1
Authors: Sheng Nengyin , Shi Yun S , Lomash Richa Madan , Roche Katherine W , Nicoll Roger A
Published: December 2015

Kainate receptors (KARs) are a subfamily of glutamate receptors mediating excitatory synaptic transmission and Neto proteins are recently identified auxiliary subunits for KARs. However, the roles of Neto proteins in the synaptic trafficking of KAR GluK1 are poorly understood. Here, using the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron as a null background system we find that surface expression of GluK1 receptor itself is very limited and is not targeted to excitatory synapses. Both Neto1 and Neto2 profoundly increase GluK1 surface expression and also drive GluK1 to synapses. However, the regulation GluK1 synaptic targeting by Neto proteins is independent of their role in promoting surface trafficking. Interestingly, GluK1 is excluded from synapses expressing AMPA receptors and is selectively incorporated into silent synapses. Neto2, but not Neto1, slows GluK1 deactivation, whereas Neto1 speeds GluK1 desensitization and Neto2 slows desensitization. These results establish critical roles for Neto auxiliary subunits controlling KARs properties and synaptic incorporation.
Ortaöğretimde Türkçenin Anadil Olarak Öğretiminde Sözlü ve Yazılı Metin Oluşturma Sorunu
Authors: Kundakcı Mustafa , Kapağan Enver
Published: December 2015

Öz Anadil kullanma becerisi ortaöğretim seviyesinde yerleşik bir hale gelmelidir. Üniversiteye gitmeden önceki evrede, akademik metinleri doğru anlayabilmek, özgün bir bakışla kendi metin örneklerini üretmek, düşünce gücünü istenen ölçüde kullanabilmek ve olguları eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla ele alabilmek için anadili kullanabilme becerilerinin yeterince gelişmiş olması gereklidir. Bu çalışmada anadil öğretiminin iki temel başlığı olan sözlü metin ve yazılı metin kurma becerisinin ortaöğretim seviyesinde ne tür sorunlar sebebiyle gelişemediği üzerinde durulmaktadır. Çalışmada yöntem olarak gözlem ve doküman incelemesi kullanılmış olup teori ve uygulamada karşılaşılan problemler tartışılmıştır. Bu makalede dilin özellikleri, anadil öğretiminin önemi ve etkileri ortaya konulmuş, buna bağlı olarak Türkçenin anadil olarak öğretimindeki amaçlar ve yapılması gerekli yeni yöntem ve yaklaşımlar üzerinde durulmuştur. Sorunlar farklı açılardan ele alınmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Anadili öğretimi, yazılı metin sorunu, sözlü metin sorunu, Türkçe öğretimi, ortaöğretimde Türkçe öğretimi, güzel yazma ve konuşma becerisi. Oral and Written Text Formation Problem in Teaching Turkish as Mother Language at the Secondary Education Level Abstract The ability to use mother language at the secondary education level must be stabilized. The mother language must be ready to comprehend the academic articles correctly at the time before going to university, write individual authentic sample texts, and gain critical mind at this stage. In this study, what sort of problems prevented the development of oral and written text formation skill that are the two main topics of mother language teaching at the secondary education level was emphasized. In this paper, observation method and textual analysis were used and the problems faced in theory and practice were discussed. In this article, the characteristics of language, the importance and effects of teaching mother language were put forth and accordingly the objectives of teaching Turkish as mother language and the requirements of new methods and approaches. The problems were handled from different aspects. Keywords: mother language teaching, written text problem, oral text problem, teaching Turkish, teaching Turkish in secondary education, writing and speaking skill.
NAİMA’NIN DİN VE TOPLUM GÖRÜŞÜ
Authors: COŞKUN ALİ
Published: December 2015

Bu makalede Naima’nın din ve toplum görüşleri özetlenmektedir. Evvela Naima’da statik ve strüktürel din sosyolojisi bakımından on yedinci yüzyıl Osmanlı toplumu ele alınmış bu kapsamda uzviyetçi toplum anlayışı ve din ile dört sınıf anlayışı ve din ele alınmıştır. Özellikle ulema, tüccar, asker ve reaya sınıfları incelenmiş Kadızadeliler hareketi üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci olarak Naima’da dinamik ve fonksiyonel din sosyolojisi bakımından on yedinci yüzyıl Osmanlı toplumu ele alınmış bu kapsamda tavırlar nazariyesi ve büyük adam sosyolojisi incelenmiştir. Son olarak Naima’nın dini sosyal ıslahatçılık yönü üzerinde durulmuş ve sonuçla makale sonlandırılmıştır.
Karakter Eğitimi: Dün, Bugün ve Yarın
Authors: SIRRI Vahide
Published: December 2015

Bu çalışmada amaç karakter eğitimini açıklamak, dünyada ve Türkiye’de uygulanan karakter eğitimi çalışmalarını belirlemek ve Türkiye’deki karakter eğitimi çalışmalarına öneriler getirmektir. Yöntem olarak doküman incelemesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada karakter eğitimiyle ilgili olarak alandaki literatür incelenmiş, karakter eğitimi bu çerçevede sorgulanmıştır. Dokümanların analizi sonucunda karakter eğitimi programları için önemli olan genel ilkeler çıkarılmıştır. Bu çerçevede Türkiye’deki karakter eğitimi çalışmaları için öneriler ortaya konmuştur. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda karakter eğitimi çalışmalarının tarihinin çok eski olduğu, kavram olarak ise ilk defa ABD’de ortaya çıktığı ve buradan diğer dünya ülkelerine yayıldığı ve gün geçtikçe önem kazandığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Henüz Türkiye'de uygulanan bir karakter eğitimi programı olduğundan bahsetmek oldukça güç olsa da yapılan araştırmalar bu alana ilginin olduğunu göstermektedir
The Power Struggle between The Colonizer and The Colonized through Fanonism in July’s People by Nadine Gordimer
Authors: Kızıltaş Şahin , UYSAL M. Başak
Published: December 2015

Frantz Fanon is an outstanding figure whose theories are attached great importance in post-colonial studies by researchers and literary critics. His theories particularly on violence and national consciousness have been discussed for many years, even today. The colonizers have charged him with legitimating violence and for them he is responsible for the bloody picture in the colonial world. On the other hand, the colonized people have regarded him as the prophet of the Third World raising national consciousness of the oppressed and the excluded. As a white novelist in South Africa during and after apartheid regime, Nadine Gordimer takes an important place in post-colonial studies due to her attention on political and racial issues. Among her masterpieces, written in 1981 after Soweto Uprising and banned by the white regime, July’s People comes to the forefront. It is the story of a white family, The Smales, fleeing from Johannesburg to the small village of their black servant, July, during the civil war in South Africa. In this requisite travel, the roles of white family and their black servant substitute. The black people become the protectors of the white family who have been the master of the black in the city. However, the white family does not seem to be eager to leave their power, dominion and superiority even in rural area among black society. In this study, the dilemma of this role replacement through racial implications and references according to Frantz Fanon’s theory is aimed to be discussed.
Deciphering the microRNA transcriptome of skeletal muscle during porcine development
Authors: Mai Miaomiao , Jin Long , Tian Shilin , Liu Rui , Huang Wenyao , Tang Qianzi , Ma Jideng , Jiang An’an , Wang Xun , Hu Yaodong , Wang Dawei , Jiang Zhi , Li Mingzhou , Zhou Chaowei , Li Xuewei
Published: January 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in many important biological processes, such as growth and development in mammals. Various studies of porcine muscle development have mainly focused on identifying miRNAs that are important for fetal and adult muscle development; however, little is known about the role of miRNAs in middle-aged muscle development. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of miRNA transcriptomes across five porcine muscle development stages, including one prenatal and four postnatal stages. We identified 404 known porcine miRNAs, 118 novel miRNAs, and 101 miRNAs that are conserved in other mammals. A set of universally abundant miRNAs was found across the distinct muscle development stages. This set of miRNAs may play important housekeeping roles that are involved in myogenesis. A short time-series expression miner analysis indicated significant variations in miRNA expression across distinct muscle development stages. We also found enhanced differentiation- and morphogenesis-related miRNA levels in the embryonic stage; conversely, apoptosis-related miRNA levels increased relatively later in muscle development. These results provide integral insight into miRNA function throughout pig muscle development stages. Our findings will promote further development of the pig as a model organism for human age-related muscle disease research.
Logarithmic velocity structure in the deep hypolimnetic waters of Lake Michigan
Authors: Troy Cary , Cannon David , Liao Qian , Bootsma Harvey
Published: December 2015

The characteristics of the bottom boundary layer are reported from a Lake Michigan field study carried out in deep hypolimnetic waters (55 m depth) during the stratified period (June–September 2012). The sandy substrate at the measurement site was densely covered with invasive quagga mussels (mean size: 1.6 cm; mean density: 10,000 mussels m−2). The measurements reveal a sluggish, compact bottom boundary layer, with flow speeds at 1 mab less than 5 cm s−1 for most of the period, and a dominance of subinertial energy. A downwelling event caused the largest currents observed during the deployment (10 cm s−1 at 1 mab) and a logarithmic layer thickness of 15 m. In spite of the weak flow, logarithmic profile fitting carried out on high‐resolution, near‐bed velocity profiles show consistent logarithmic structure (90% of profiles). Flow was dominated by subinertial energy but strong modified by near‐inertial waves. Fitted drag coefficients and roughness values are
= 0.004 and
 = 0.12 cm, respectively. These values increase with decreasing flow speed, but approach canonical values for 1 mab flow speeds exceeding 4 cm s−1. The estimated vertical extent of the logarithmic region was compact, with a mean value of 1.2 m and temporal variation that is reasonably described by Ekman scaling, 0.07
/
, and the estimated overall Ekman layer thickness was generally less than 10 m. Near‐bed dissipation rates inferred from the law of the wall were 10−8−10−7 W kg−1 and turbulent diffusivities were 10−4−10−3 m2s−1.
Modulation of sea surface temperature warming in the Bay of Biscay by Loire and Gironde Rivers
Authors: Costoya X. , Fernández‐Nóvoa D. , deCastro M. , Santos F. , Lazure P. , Gómez‐Gesteira M.
Published: December 2015

The influence of Loire and Gironde River discharges over the sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern Bay of Biscay (0.6º–36.6ºW, 44.2º–47.8ºW) was analyzed by means of two complementary databases (MODIS and OISST1/4). The area influenced by river plume showed a different SST when compared with the adjacent oceanic area for the months when the plume attains its highest extension (December, January, and February). Ocean was observed to warm at a rate of approximately 0.3ºC dec−1 while temperature at the area influenced by the rivers cooled at a rate of −0.15ºC dec−1 over the period 1982–2014. The mere presence of a freshwater layer is able to modulate the warming observed at adjacent ocean locations since the coastal area is isolated from the rest of the Bay. This nearshore strip is the only part of the Bay where changes in SST depend on North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) but not on North Atlantic SST represented by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). These different cooling‐warming trends are even more patent over the last years (2002–2014) under atmospheric favorable conditions for plume enhancement. River runoff increased at a rate on the order of 120 m3s−1dec−1 over that period and southwesterly winds, which favor the confinement of the plume, showed a positive and significant trend both in duration and intensity. Thus, the coastal strip has been observed to cool at a rate of −0.5°C dec−1.
Graphene‐Nanowall‐Decorated Carbon Felt with Excellent Electrochemical Activity Toward VO2+/VO2+ Couple for All Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
Authors: Li Wenyue , Zhang Zhenyu , Tang Yongbing , Bian Haidong , Ng Tsz‐Wai , Zhang Wenjun , Lee Chun‐Sing
Published: December 2015

3D graphene‐nanowall‐decorated carbon felts (CF) are synthesized via an in situ microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method and used as positive electrode for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The carbon fibers in CF are successfully wrapped by vertically grown graphene nanowalls, which not only increase the electrode specific area, but also expose a high density of sharp graphene edges with good catalytic activities to the vanadium ions. As a result, the VRFB with this novel electrode shows three times higher reaction rate toward VO2+/VO2+ redox couple and 11% increased energy efficiency over VRFB with an unmodified CF electrode. Moreover, this designed architecture shows excellent stability in the battery operation. After 100 charging–discharging cycles, the electrode not only shows no observable morphology change, it can also be reused in another battery and practical with the same performance. It is believed that this novel structure including the synthesis procedure will provide a new developing direction for the VRFB electrode.
18FDG‐PET/CT: 21st century approach to leukemic tumors in 124 cases
Authors: Cunningham Isabel , Kohno Brigett
Published: December 2015

Extramedullary tumors remain an obstacle to curing more acute leukemia patients. Their incidence is unknown because the presence of occult tumors that contribute to relapse is not routinely sought as in other cancers. No standard approach exists for treating tumors at most sites, apparent clinical response is typically followed by further tumors, and achievement of lengthy remission is uncommon. Body scanning with 18FDG PET/CT now provides a means to identify the extent of occult tumors that enables directed tumor eradication and a way to evaluate tumor response. To evaluate its potential benefits, analysis was undertaken of 124 published cases scanned after apparent tumors were diagnosed. Clinical and radiologic exams underestimated extent of disease in over half of 100 cases. Among 70 cases that reported scans after various treatments, 70% achieved negative scans. Half relapsed subsequently but disease‐free survivals up to 6 years were documented. These reported cases add to our knowledge of extramedullary leukemia in showing that further tumors are more likely than marrow relapse, clinical and radiologic evaluation of response is inadequate, intensive chemotherapy alone generally does not prevent progression and is associated with significant mortality, and tumor‐directed plus systemic therapies appears the most effective approach, particularly to AML tumors. This analysis suggests this technology could increase our ability to eradicate all foci of leukemia, and identify tumors responsible for refractory, residual, and relapsed disease. Am. J. Hematol. 91:379–384, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Augmented reality for endoscopic sinus surgery with surgical navigation: a cadaver study
Authors: Citardi Martin J. , Agbetoba Abib , Bigcas Jo‐Lawrence , Luong Amber
Published: December 2015

Background

Augmented reality (AR) fuses computer‐generated images of preoperative imaging data with real‐time views of the surgical field. Scopis Hybrid Navigation (Scopis GmbH, Berlin, Germany) is a surgical navigation system with AR capabilities for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

Methods

Predissection planning was performed with Scopis Hybrid Navigation software followed by ESS dissection on 2 human specimens using conventional ESS instruments.

Results

Predissection planning included creating models of relevant frontal recess structures and the frontal sinus outflow pathway on orthogonal computed tomography (CT) images. Positions of the optic nerve and internal carotid artery were marked on the CT images. Models and annotations were displayed as an overlay on the endoscopic images during the dissection, which was performed with electromagnetic surgical navigation. The accuracy of the AR images relative to underlying anatomy was better than 1.5 mm. The software's trajectory targeting tool was used to guide instrument placement along the frontal sinus outflow pathway. AR imaging of the optic nerve and internal carotid artery served to mark the positions of these structures during the dissection.

Conclusion

Surgical navigation with AR was easily deployed in this cadaveric model of ESS. This technology builds upon the positive impact of surgical navigation during ESS, particularly during frontal recess surgery. Instrument tracking with this technology facilitates identifying and cannulation of the frontal sinus outflow pathway without dissection of the frontal recess anatomy. AR can also highlight “anti‐targets” (ie, structures to be avoided), such as the optic nerve and internal carotid artery, and thus reduce surgical complications and morbidity.
Investigation of structure and mechanical properties of toughened poly(l‐lactide)/thermoplastic poly(ester urethane) blends
Authors: Oliaei Erfan , Kaffashi Babak , Davoodi Saeed
Published: December 2015

In this study, poly(l‐lactide) (PLA) is melt‐blended with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) to modify the brittleness of PLA. An aliphatic ester‐based TPU was selected in order to have an ester sensitivity for degradation and an inherent biocompatibility. Using this compatible TPU, there was no need to apply problematic compatibilizers, so the main positive properties of PLA such as biocompatibility and degradability were not challenged. The detected microstructure of PLA/TPU blends showed that when the TPU content was lower than 25 wt %, the structure appeared as sea‐islands, but when the TPU content was increased, the morphology was converted to a cocontinuous microstructure. A higher interfacial surface area in the blend with 25 wt % TPU (PLA25) resulted in a higher toughness and abrasion resistance. The various analyses confirmed interactions and successful coupling of two phases and confirmed that melt‐blending of PLA with the aliphatic ester‐based TPU is a convenient, cost‐effective, and efficient method to conquer the brittleness of PLA. The prepared blends are general‐purpose plastics, but PLA25 showed an optimum mechanical strength, toughness, and biocompatibility suitable for a wide range of applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43104.