bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BB2 Joubert Denizaltı Formunun Sevk Noktasının Sayısal Olarak İncelenmesi
Authors: ACAR Alpay , ARIKAN ÖZDEN Yasemin
Published: December 2021

Günümüzde birçok donanma denizaltılara sahip durumdadır ve birçoğu denizaltılarını donanmaların bel kemiği olarak ifade etmektedir. Tarihte birincil harekât görevi deniz ticaret yollarını kesmek/kontrol etmek olan dizel elektrikli denizaltıların günümüzde en önemli görevleri fark edilmeden bilgi toplamak ve gerektiğinde su altı, su üstü, kara ve hava hedeflerine sürpriz harekât gerçekleştirebilmektir. Denizaltılar su üstüne çıktıklarında ve hatta gövdeleri su üstüne çıkmadan sadece şnorkel seyri yapmak için periskop derinliğine geldiklerinde dahi günümüzün yüksek teknolojik radar sistemleri sayesinde fark edilebilmekte ve görünmezliklerini yitirmektedirler. Denizaltıların seyirleri esnasında bataryalarını şarj ettikleri sürenin, denizaltıların su altında geçirdikleri süreye oranı, şnorkel seyir süresi oranı (indiscretion rate) olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Bu oranı azaltmak, denizaltıların görünmezliğinin bir ölçüsü olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Yeni tasarımlar ve teknolojiler geliştirilirken bu oranı aşağı çekmek ana tasarım hedefi olarak ele alınmaktadır. Denizaltıların su altı seyir sığalarını önemli ölçüde artıran havadan bağımsız sevk sistemleri modern denizaltıların şnorkel seyir süresi oranını aşağı çekmiş ve bu sistemlerle donatılmış günümüz denizaltısının harekât sahası, kahverengi sulardan mavi sulara kaymaktadır. Şnorkel seyir süresi oranına diğer bir önemli etken ise denizaltının hidrodinamik formu ve sevk verimliliğidir. Daha verimli bir forma sahip olan denizaltı su altında aynı sürat ve aynı enerji kapasitesi ile daha uzun süre seyir yapabilecek ve daha düşük bir şnorkel seyir süresi oranına sahip olacaktır. Günümüzde hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği tasarımcılar tarafından etkin bir araç olarak kullanılmakta ve denizaltıyı istenilen servis süratlerinde daha verimli sevk edebilecek hidrodinamik formların ve bu formları itecek pervanelerin gerek yüksek verimle gerekse düşük akustik ize sahip olarak tasarlanabilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, açık literatürde yapılan çalışmalarda son yıllarda sıklıkla tercih edilen Joubert BB2 denizaltı formunun direnci hesaplamalı akışkanlar dinamiği yöntemleri ile hesaplanmış ve denizaltının sevkinde kullanılan pervanenin geminin servis hızında gemiyi itmek için gereken devir sayısı bilgilerine ulaşılmıştır. Sevk noktasının tayini ile denizaltı formuna has Taylor iz katsayısı, itme azalması, tekne verimi, bağıl dönme verimi ve bunlara bağlı sevk verimi hesap edilmiştir.
Tersanelerdeki Radyografi Uygulamaları ve Risk Değerlendirmesi
Authors: YÜCE Kağan , BARLAS Barış
Published: December 2021

Endüstri, sağlık, güvenlik, tarım, sanat, arkeoloji vb. birçok alanda kullanım alanı bulunan radyografi yöntemlerinin güvenli şekilde kullanılabilmesi için birçok uluslararası kurum ve sivil toplum kuruluşu tarafından çeşitli standartlar geliştirilmiştir. Radyasyonla ilgili standartları ve sınırlamaları belirleyen uluslararası kuruluşların yanısıra her ülkede, radyasyon ile ilgili yetkilendirme, takip ve denetleme işlemlerini yürüten ulusal kurumlar bulunmaktadır. Radyografi yöntemi, ışın kaynağından çıkan iyonize radyasyonun madde içerisinden geçerek film üzerinde görüntü oluşturması esasına dayanmaktadır. Radyografide kullanılan iyonlaştırıcı radyasyonun maddeler ve canlılar üzerinde elektriksel, fotokimyasal, flüorışıl ve biyolojik olmak üzere dört temel etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu etkiler arasında biyolojik etki, canlılar için son derece zararlı ve tehlikeli olmasına karşın; diğer etkiler, insanoğlu için faydalı amaçlarla kullanılmaktadır. Tersanelerde kaynak imalatların kontrolünde sıklıkla kullanılan bu yöntem ile Türkiye tersanelerinde yılda ortalama 8,500 adet çekim yapıldığı hesaplanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada tersanelerde uygulanan radyografi riskleri; cihaz kaynaklı, personel kaynaklı ve organizasyon kaynaklı olarak üç başlıkta incelenmiştir. Belirlenen risklerin 5x5 matris yöntemi kullanılarak risk analizi ve değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Risklerin nedenleri ve bu risklere karşı alınabilecek tedbirler açıklanmıştır.
Fra Safety-I til Safety-II: Mot nye perspektiver på pasientsikkerhet i selvmordsforebygging
Authors: Berg Siv Hilde
Published: December 2021

Sentralt for resiliens i helsetjenesten er Safety-II-perspektivet. I et Safety-II-perspektiv anses tilpasninger som sentralt for å skape trygge pasientforløp for den enkelte pasient. Forfatteren argumenterer for at resiliens i helsetjenesten gir nyttige perspektiver til suicidfeltet. I et Safety-I-perspektiv forebygges selvmord ved å sikre at alle ansatte følger prosedyrer ogkorrigerer svikt. Mens Safety-I-tilnærmingen kan gi gode resultater i en klinisk praksis hvor det er kunnskapsgrunnlag for at den enkelte prosedyren gir gode utfall for pasienten, vil ikke denne tilnærmingen være tilstrekkelig i en praksis kjennetegnet av usikkerhet relatert til hva som virker, og hvor prosedyren ofte tilpasses for å imøtekomme varierende krav i pasientbehandlingen. I et Safety-II-perspektiv forstås sikkerhet som systemets evne til å oppnå suksess under varierende omstendigheter. Forskning på resiliens i helsetjenesten og Safety-II-perspektivet innen selvmordsforebygging er i startfasen. Studiene gir innsikt i at et Safety-II-perspektiv på sikkerhet i selvmordsforebygging innebærer å innlemme det individtilpassede og relasjonelle i pasientsikkerhetsarbeidet. Et Safety-II-perspektiv innebærer også en endring påregulerings- og tilsynsnivå fra å plassere skylden for pasientselvmordet på det enkelte helsepersonell og manglende selvmordsrisikovurderinger, til å forstå og anerkjenne kompleksiteten helsepersonell til dagligstår overfor.
Procliana
Authors: Beierwaltes Werner
Published: December 2021

Proklos (412-485) hat die metaphysische Theorie des mit Plotin anfangenden Neuplatonismus im fünften Jahrhundert post Christum natum in ihre sachliche und historische Vollendung geführt. Sein Denken konzentriert sich in einer umfassenden Reflexion der Dialoge Platons auf das absolute Eine als den Grund einer in sich differenzierten Vielheit, auf Geist und Seele als Struktur des Wirklichen insgesamt: des geistigen und sinnenfälligen Kosmos. Möglichkeit und Aufgabe des Menschen ist es im Sinne des Proklos, in einem inneren Aufstieg sein eigenes Sein in seinen Ursprung denkend zurückzuführen und sich dadurch selbst aus ihm zu begreifen. Die Überlegungen dieses Buches richten sich zunächst auf die spannungsvolle Einheit von Philosophie als Lebensform und einem systematischen Denken, das sich selbst durch eine radikale negative Dialektik im Blick auf das Absolute an seine Grenze führt. Paradigmatisch soll dies dann in einer Erörterung des Begriffes des mit dem Einen identischen Guten und des Geistes als einer dynamischen Einheit im Unterschied evident gemacht werden. Die Philosophie des Proklos hat sich in einer weit ausgreifenden, sachlich intensiven Wirkungsgeschichte bis zum Deutschen Idealismus hin entfaltet. Spuren diese Prozesses verfolgt dieses Buch im Mittelalter und in der Renaissance in Meister Eckharts Konzept des Gottes und der Gelassenheit, in Nicolaus Cusanus' Denken des Einen und als dessen Wirken als "Zentrum des Lebens" sowie in Marsilio Ficinos neuplatonischer Deutung des platonischen "Parmenides". Die Produktivität und Überzeugungskraft metaphysischen Denkens wird darin in unterschiedlichen geschichtlichen Kontexten spürbar.
L'enseignement du droit civil à l'université d'Orléans du début de la guerre de Cent ans (1337) au siège de la ville (1428)
Authors: Duynstee Marguerite
Published: December 2021

Die Universität Orléans war einmal Sitz einer berühmten Rechtsschule, bedeutend zumal auch für Studenten aus Deutschland und den Niederlanden. Forschungen von E.M. Meijers und anderen nach ihm haben ergeben, dass diese Schule im 13. Jahrhundert eine durchaus ernst zu nehmende Rivalin für Bologna war. Diese Arbeit untersucht die bisher kaum beachtete Geschichte der Schule in der Zeit des Hundertjährigen Krieges. Die Lebensläufe von vier einflussreichen Professoren, Jean Nicot, Bertrand Chabrol, Géraud Bagoilh und Jean Noaillé, bieten den Rahmen für die Darstellung des Unterrichts im Zivilrecht zwischen 1337 und 1428. Einzelheiten über ihr Leben, ihre Schriften und ihr Umfeld (ihre Lehrer, Kollegen, Schüler) zeigen einerseits, inwiefern sie Vorgängern aus Italien und Frankreich gefolgt sind, andererseits, wie ihre Lehren und Ideen in anderen Stätten der Rechtswissenschaft in Europa gewirkt haben. Die Abhandlung beschreibt aber nicht nur die äußere Geschichte der Fakultät, sie macht auch eine Reihe von Schriften der genannten Professoren zugänglich; aus 8 der etwa 50 ihr zugrunde liegenden und ausgewerteten Handschriften werden wichtige Partien zum ersten Mal ordnungsgemäß herausgegeben. Ausführliche Anmerkungen und handliche Register machen dieses Buch in französischer Sprache zu einem praktischen Nachschlagewerk für die genannte Periode in der Rechtsgeschichte Frankreichs, Deutschlands und der Niederlande.
Epimenides und andere Lügner
Authors: Künne Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

Hat die semantische 'Antinomie des Lügners' eigentlich irgendetwas mit Lügen zu tun? Was ist das überhaupt, eine Lüge? Übersieht der Verfasser des'‘Briefs an Titus' wirklich ein Paradox, wenn er der Behauptung des Kreters Epimenides zustimmt, dass die Kreter allesamt Lügner sind? Was muss man beim Umgang mit selbstbezüglichen Sätzen – beim Verneinen, Schließen und Übersetzen – auch dann beachten, wenn sie paradoxienfrei sind? Das sind die Fragen, die diese Abhandlung zu beantworten versucht. Ausgangspunkte sind Bolzanos Diagnose des Trugschlusses vom Geständigen Lügner, seine Analyse des Begriffs der Lüge und seine Auseinandersetzung mit Savonarolas Exposition der Antinomie. Im Verlauf seiner Abhandlung wirft Künne neues Licht auf die Geschichte des ‘Lügners' und der Auslegung des Lügner-Dictums im Neuen Testament.
Die Erhaltung der Sicherheit
Authors: Tyrichter Jean Conrad
Published: December 2021

The so-called "Restoration Policy" of the German Confederation (Deutscher Bund) in the Vormärz is a well-known topic which has, however, hardly been dealt with by the history of law. In this work, it is not only comprehensively reconstructed for the first time, but also analyzed from the perspective of more far-reaching questions. These include, in particular, questions about the formation of transnational security regimes against political crime in the 19th century, the emergence of a normative order of transnational criminal law or the relationship between "restoration" and "internal nation building". By transcending its proper subject, the book thus contributes to the study of the history of transnational reactions to political crime and opens up new perspectives on the complex political system of the German Confederation.
Protective and Pathogenic Immune Responses to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Panahi Elina , I. Stanisic Danielle , S. Peacock Christopher , J. Herrero Lara
Published: December 2021

Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites are known to cause a broad spectrum of clinical diseases in humans, collectively known as the leishmaniases. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common clinical presentation with varying degrees of severity largely driven by host immune responses, specifically the interplay between innate and adaptive immune response. The establishment of a T lymphocyte driven cell-mediated immune response, leading to activated phagocytic cells, leading to Leishmania parasite killing and control of infection. Alternatively, the Leishmania parasite manipulates the host immune system, enabling parasite proliferation and clinical disease. Here we review how the cumulative interactions of different aspects of the host immune response determines disease outcome, severity, and immunity to re-infection.
Landscape Genetics and Phytogeography of Criollo AvocadoesPersea americanafrom Northeast Colombia
Authors: Inés Saldamando-Benjumea Clara , Patricia Cañas-Gutiérrez Gloria , Muñoz Jorge , Arango Isaza Rafael
Published: December 2021

Avocado (Persea americana) Mill represents one of the most consumed fruits around the world. This species has been differentiated into three main races Guatemalan, Mexican and West Indian according to several molecular markers. However, the interaction between genotypic and phenotypic traits of this crop is still unknown. For this reason, a landscape genetics analysis was made in 90 criollo trees from Northeast Colombia (Antioquia) with 14 microsatellites, sequencing of 3 nuclear loci, endo-1-4-D-glucanase (Cell), Chalcone synthase (CHS) and serine-threonine-kinase (STK) and 28 morphological traits. High genetic diversity was found suggesting a hybrid origin of criollo trees. Morphological variation showed intermixed racial features. FST = 0.03, p =0.001 (measured with microsatellites) suggested low genetic differentiation. According to STRUCTURE, K = 2 for both microsatellites and concatenated nuclear sequences. Criollo trees were assigned together with the Guatemalan and Mexican races. Pearson correlation was significant between expected heterozygocities and elevation. Mantel test was low (r2 = 0.0097, p = 0.015) but significant demonstrating isolation by distance. Grafting is suitable between criollo trees and Hass variety is possible since both avocados are produced within the same altitudes.
Furanic Rigid Foams, Furanic-Based Bioplastics and Furanic-Derived Wood Adhesives and Bioadhesives
Authors: Pizzi Antonio , Khan Anish
Published: December 2021

In this chapter, we discuss pure furanic foams and tannin-furanic foams as fire-resistant, environmentally friendly, rigid biofoams. We also examine furanic wood adhesives in which a major furan portion is coupled with either synthetics or bioadhesives. In the case of furanic wood bioadhesives, the formulations developed were 90–100% biosourced. Equally, furanic rigid plastics of considerable mechanical resistance have also been developed and applied to angle-grinder discs and automotive brakes with very encouraging results.
COVID-19 and Corporate Governance Performance: Beyond the Financial Metrics
Authors: Onuka Onwuka Ifeanyi
Published: December 2021

Corporate governance and, more broadly, the performance of corporate boards have traditionally been measured using financial metrics. These financial metrics such as Return on Investment (ROI), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Earnings and Profitability Ratio (E and P) are ex post measure of organizations performance arising from corporate board activities. These financial metrics are largely one-dimensional measure of corporate performance and do not fully account for the other dimensions of organization responsibilities. The COVID-19 and the changing organizational dynamics have made the case for corporate board’s performance to be assessed beyond the usual financial metrics. In this study, we provide a framework that accounts for the various dimensions of organization activities: finance, social and environmental, the Triple-Bottom (TBL) approach. A TBL-compliance metric was constructed, which tracked the performance of selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria using a content analytical technique. The result showed that the majority of the firms performed remarkably well in areas of profitability and economic value creation but less satisfactorily in areas of social and environmental sustainability. On aggregate, the sampled firms committed less than 1% of their profit after tax on corporate social responsibility, while less than 5% of the sampled firms scored above average on the TBL-adoption matrix.
Applying Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict Endometriosis Onset
Authors: J. Kleczyk Ewa , Yadav Tarachand , Amirtharaj Stalin
Published: December 2021

Endometriosis is a commonly occurring progressive gynecological disorder, in which tissues similar to the lining of the uterus grow on other parts of the female body, including ovaries, fallopian tubes, and bowel. It is one of the primary causes of pelvic discomfort and fertility challenges in women. The actual cause of the endometriosis is still undetermined. As a result, the objective of the chapter is to identify the drivers of endometriosis’ diagnoses via leveraging selected advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms. The primary risks of infertility and other health complications can be minimized to a greater extent if a likelihood of endometriosis could be predicted well in advance. Logistic regression (LR) and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) algorithms leveraged 36 months of medical history data to demonstrate the feasibility. Several direct and indirect features were identified as important to an accurate prediction of the condition onset, including selected diagnosis and procedure codes. Creating analytical tools based on the model results that could be integrated into the Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems and easily accessed by healthcare providers might aid the objective of improving the diagnostic processes and result in a timely and precise diagnosis, ultimately increasing patient care and quality of life.
Repurposing Market Drugs to Target Epigenetic Enzymes in Human Diseases
Authors: Motolani Aishat , Martin Matthew , Sun Steven , Lu Tao
Published: December 2021

Drug discovery is an exciting yet highly costly endeavor. In the United States, developing a new prescription medicine that gains marketing approval takes near a decade and costs drugmakers for near 3 billion. More challengingly, the success rate of a compound entering phase I trials is just slightly under 10%. Because of these mounting hurdles, repurposing market approved drugs to new clinical indications has been a new trend on the rise. Another merit to this approach is the already confirmed toxicity profiles of the drugs and their possession of drug-like features. Thus, repurposed drugs can reach the market approved stage in a much faster, cheaper, and more efficient way. Notably, epigenetic enzymes play a critical role in the etiology and progression of different diseases. Researchers are now assessing the possibilities of using market approved drugs to target epigenetic enzymes as a novel strategy to curtail disease progression. Thus, in this book chapter, we will provide an outlook on repurposing market drugs to target epigenetic enzymes in various diseases. Consequently, this book chapter will not only provide the readers with current knowledge in this specific field, but also will shed light on the pathway forward for repurposing market drugs to target epigenetic enzymes in human diseases.
Application of Allelopathy in Crop Production
Authors: S. Hussain Wasan , M. Abbas Mahmoud
Published: December 2021

Need for food production has been increasing greatly in recent years throughout the world. The interest on the supply of quality of food has also increased, but a significant loss of crop production was observed annually, especially the main cereal crops, including rice, wheat and maize, due to the presence of weeds accompanying them in the growing season. Allelopathy has emerged as an alternative approach to solve problem agriculture that including: crop rotations, intercropping, crop residue incorporation and aqueous extracts all that used to explore allelopathy for pest management, enhancement of growth and crop production. As will allelopathic consider as weeds, insect and diseases natural control. Secondary metabolites biosynthesis of at high rates have a great role in provides defense against abiotic stresses. In plant rhizosphere allelochemicals exuded improve nutrient acquisition through the processes of solublization; biological nitrification; chelation and selected retention. In this chapter, application of the allelopathic phenomenon in crop production is discussed and his roller in managing agricultural pests and improving the productivity of agricultural systems. It was found that allelochemicals promote plant growth and production at low concentration; however it can suppress the growth if applied at high concentrations, for that can be used allelopathic compounds for weed control by used high concentrations of plant residues or aqueous extracts of plant.
Perspective Chapter: Next-Generation Vaccines Based on Self-Amplifying RNA
Authors: Nafian Fatemeh , Nafian Simin , Soleymani Ghazal , Pourmanouchehri Zahra , Kiyanjam Mahnaz , Berenji Jalaei Sharareh , Jeyroudi Hanie , Mohammad Mohammdi Sayed
Published: December 2021

Recently, nucleic acid-based RNA and DNA vaccines have represented a better solution to avoid infectious diseases than “traditional” live and non-live vaccines. Synthetic RNA and DNA molecules allow scalable, rapid, and cell-free production of vaccines in response to an emerging disease such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. The development process begins with laboratory transcription of sequences encoding antigens, which are then formulated for delivery. The various potent of RNA over live and inactivated viruses are proven by advances in delivery approaches. These vaccines contain no infectious elements nor the risk of stable integration with the host cell genome compared to conventional vaccines. Conventional mRNA-based vaccines transfer genes of interest (GOI) of attenuated mRNA viruses to individual host cells. Synthetic mRNA in liposomes forms a modern, refined sample, resulting in a safer version of live attenuated RNA viruses. Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) is a replicating version of mRNA-based vaccines that encode both (GOI) and viral replication machinery. saRNA is required at lower doses than conventional mRNA, which may improve immunization. Here we provide an overview of current mRNA vaccine approaches, summarize highlight challenges and recent successes, and offer perspectives on the future of mRNA vaccines.
How to Build Food Safety Resilience in Commercial Restaurants?
Authors: Stephanie Gomes De Freitas Rayane , Stedefeldt Elke
Published: December 2021

In this chapter, food safety is portrayed as an intrinsic component of food security and food systems. The objective is to discuss the ‘commercial restaurant’ system and the ‘kitchen worker’ subsystem from the perspective of building resilience in food safety. Relationship maps built for the system and subsystem guide the presentation and discussion of structural, organisational, social and symbolic aspects and elements. Resilience investigation is based on the references of the International Risk Governance Centre Resource Guide on Resilience and current and emerging topics related to food safety, such as risk perception of foodborne diseases, cognitive illusions, sociological aspects, social dimension of taste, humanisation and working conditions and precariousness of work in kitchens. In the final section, a list of recommendations for building resilience in commercial restaurants is presented to help researchers, decision-makers and practice agents apply this concept in their fields of expertise.
Complementary Building Concept: Wooden Apartment Building: The Noppa toward Zero Energy Building Approach
Authors: Karjalainen Markku , Emre Ilgın Hüseyin , Yli-Äyhö Marie , Soikkeli Anu
Published: December 2021

Increasing the construction of wooden apartment buildings has its place as part of preventing climate change. This chapter aims to explore the possibilities of expanding the construction of wooden apartment buildings on plots owned by the City of Helsinki in the Mellunkylä area by developing a series-produced wooden apartment building concept suitable for complementary construction—The Noppa concept. The sustainability of this approach is considered from the perspective of materials, construction methods, adaptability of the designed spaces, and housing design flexibility. In this study, the Noppa wooden apartment building concept with cross-laminated timber (CLT) elements has been developed varying in its facilities and architectural design features through architectural modeling programs to be used for complementary construction. The research findings are based on a theoretical approach that has not yet been practically tested but is proposed considering existing construction practices that need further investigation. It is believed that this chapter will contribute to the spread of wooden apartments to achieve a low-carbon economy as one of the key tools in tackling climate change problems. Particularly, proposed architectural design solutions will contribute to decarbonization of buildings as well as zero energy building (nZEB) approach.
Perspective Chapter: Psychosocial Impact of COVID-19 – Stigma and Xenophobia
Authors: Sonmez Dogancan , Hocaoglu Cicek
Published: December 2021

The novel type of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, which affected the whole world and resulted in the death of many people, caused problems in various fields in societies. The effects of the pandemic, especially on health and the economy, have reached important points and studies in these areas have intensified. It is also a known fact that the pandemic causes psychosocial problems in humans. Existing problems have also had negative effects on mental health. Measures, restrictions, and quarantine practices are taken to control the epidemic have caused psychological, social, and economic problems. The spread of the disease and changes in living conditions have led to an increase in negative attitudes among people. The pandemic has also caused discriminatory and stigmatizing attitudes among people. In addition, xenophobic attitudes, defined as fear, hatred, and prejudice against foreigners, have become widespread during the pandemic process. People exposed to stigma and xenophobic attitudes due to the pandemic have experienced social and economic inequalities. It is important to prevent stigmatizing and xenophobic attitudes during the pandemic process in order to ensure social cohesion in society. In this section, the psychosocial effects of stigma and xenophobia associated with COVID-19 will be discussed in light of literature.
The Role of Multilingual Script Systems in Face Processing
Authors: Yang Qi , Cao Xiaohua , Jiang Xiaoming
Published: December 2021

Becoming multilingual has a broad impact on cognitive abilities, especially visual processing. An important theoretical issue is whether the acquisition of distinct script systems affects face processing in an identical way, or, if not, how this acquisition may exert differential impacts on face processing. By reviewing the existing literature, we propose that Asian participants with the logographic script system differ from Western counterparts with the alphabetic script system in viewing faces. The contribution of the chapter is to identify the possible role of types of script systems in face processing mechanisms and to put forward the research direction in the future with several new methodological efforts.
Effects of IL-17 on Epidermal Development
Authors: Sato Emi , Imafuku Shinichi
Published: December 2021

Immunotherapies targeting interleukin 17 (IL-17) have a strong effect on plaque psoriasis. However, many previous studies on IL-17 focused only on the T-helper 17 (Th17) immune response, and a few studies have reported that IL-17A may affect psoriatic epidermal structure. IL-17 includes six family members, namely IL-17A–F, which are involved in a wide variety of biological responses. IL-17A is produced mainly by Th17 cells or group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3), while IL-17C is locally produced by epithelial cells, such as keratinocytes. In contrast to IL-17C, which is locally produced in various cells such as keratinocytes, it is predicted that IL-17A, which is produced by limited cells and has systemic effects, has different roles in epidermal development. For example, several research studies have shown that IL-17A affects terminal differentiation of epidermis by suppressing the expression of filaggrin or loricrin in keratinocytes. On the other hand, IL-17C, which is produced by keratinocytes themselves, does not have as strong as an effect on epidermal development as IL-17A. In this chapter, we summarized the effects of IL-17A and other IL-17 members on epidermal development and their comprehensive roles based on previously reported papers.
Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice: Insight in Climate Change Scenario
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Sandhya  , Kumar Pawan , Gaurav Singh Akash , Kumar Jukanti Aravind
Published: December 2021

Rice, world’s second major, staple cereal crop that feed the more than 50% of world’s population. To safeguard the production and to fulfill the demand of ever the increasing population and urbanization there is need to increase the rice production. Though the rice yield has increased due to the development of modern technology and climate resilient high yielding cultivars but still it is 10–15 per cent lower than its potential yield due to various biotic and abiotic stress. Drought, extreme temperature, salinity, harmful radiation, heavy metals, gaseous pollutants are the most detrimental abiotic stresses factors that cause the morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in the rice crops and ultimate result is the reduction of rice production globally. Tolerance against these stresses through exploitation of potent biotechnological tools, molecular markers, QTL mapping omices approaches, phytohormones which could offer a more adequate and rapid solution to overcome these abiotic stresses and to enhance the ultimate grain yield of rice.
New whitefly genus and species (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) breeding on Orophea katschallica Kurz in India
Authors: Dubey Anil Kumar
Published: December 2021

A new whitefly genus, Rudisculptus gen. nov. is described for its type species Rudisculptus caudalis gen.  et  sp. nov. feeding on Orophea katschallica Kurz (Annonaceae) from the Andaman Islands, India. Rudisculptus gen. nov. is similar to the New World genus, Aleuropleurocelus Drews & Sampson, 1956 and an Old World genus, Tetralicia Harrison, 1917 in pupal morphology, but differs in having the first abdominal setae, thoracic tracheal pores, caudal furrow, differentiated cephalothorax in slide mounts, the lingula excluded beyond the vasiform orifice. The new genus also differs from an Old World genus, Regiominutus Dubey, 2021 in habitus, pattern of wax secretion, shape, size, cuticle colour, raised lateral margin, extension of segment sutures and the lingula reaching outside the margin of the vasiform orifice, and in having the thoracic tracheal folds. Orophea katschallica is recorded as a new host plant for the whiteflies. Images of puparial habitus and types, line drawings and scanning electron microscope (SEM) microphotographs are provided.
NATIONAL URBAN POLICY IN RUSSIA AND THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Kuznetsova Olga V.
Published: December 2021

This article analyses the features, shortcomings, prospects, and limitations of Russia’s national urban policy (NUP) and its international counterparts to formulate proposals for the further development of the Russian NUP. To this end, the study examines international documents and publications on NUP, particularly German ones, and Russian regulatory legal acts. The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the resilience of cities to crises and the development of urban green spaces. Germany’s current NUP, adopted in 2007, stands out for its complexity and congruence with the regional policy. The Spatial Development Strategy is the principal NUP document in Russia. However, it overlooks some issues essential for the development of the city system: the federal authorities support only selected types of towns, such as single-industry municipalities, and the NUP is not comprehensive as it pays little attention to the economic aspects. A feeble information framework and municipal authorities lacking the powers impede the further development of the NUP. A transition to a comprehensive and well-designed NUP in Russia is proposed, which includes counteracting the concentration of population and economic activity in Moscow and establishing Saint Petersburg as a centre of economic growth. There is also an urgent need to understand the economic development prospects of smaller towns.
MIGRATION ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE COASTAL ZONE OF RUSSIA’S NORTH-WEST: LOCAL GRADIENTS
Authors: Sokolova Flera K. , Lyalina Anna V.
Published: December 2021

A well-acknowledged driver of change, population movement intensifies the development of coastal territories. The Russian North-West holds a vast coastal zone. Granting access to the Baltic, the White, and the Barents Seas, it is an area of geostrategic importance where much of the country’s coastal economy — one of the national priorities — is located. Push and pull factors are enormously diverse in the area, as are migration flows forming attraction poles for migrants. There is little research on the issue despite its social and practical significance. Thus, research is required to examine how the coastal factor can benefit the migration attractiveness and human resources of Russian coastal territories of geostrategic importance.

This study aims to delineate coastal territories and investigate local migration flows compared to those recorded in inland regions. The research draws on the concept of coastalisation, employing universal, geographical, and statistical research methods. It uses documentary sources and official 2011—2020 statistics. The findings show that the coastal position and maritime economic activity are relevant factors for migration attractiveness. Saint Petersburg and the coastal municipalities of the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions are more attractive to migrants than more northerly territories. However, there are attraction poles farther north too, and the coastal zone of the Arkhangelsk region attracts more migrants than its inland part. The study demonstrates the growing polarisation of migration space in the coastal areas and especially agglomerations. Changes in the age structure of immigration flows have caused social factors in attractiveness to migrants to replace employment-related factors.
LABOUR MIGRANTS FROM THE MIDDLE EAST ARAB COUNTRIES IN SWEDEN: A PARADIGM SHIFT
Authors: Sarabiev Aleksei V.
Published: December 2021

Middle East Arab diasporas, primarily the Iraqi and Syrian ones, are playing an increasing role in the economy and demography of Sweden. This study aims to describe the formation of economically active diasporas in Sweden over the past three decades. There has been a paradigm shift in the immigration and business activity of people from the Middle East Arab countries in Sweden. Diaspora leadership changes depending on the situation in the countries of origin and migration phenomena driven by political and military shocks. This change affects the migration process and the role of communities in the economic life of the country. The study draws on the work of top research centres and data from leading Swedish and international statistical agencies. The rise and subsequent decline in Syrian immigration, which included labour migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers, did not restore the unconditional leadership of the Iraqis among the Arab communities of Sweden. The significant business activity of Syrian immigrants, their professional skills, level of education, and broad business ties make the diaspora a likely leader in the Arab community. These four factors also contribute to easier migrant integration into Swedish society.
TRANSPORT CONNECTIVITY AS A FACTOR IN OVERCOMING CHALLENGES OF THE PERIPHERY: THE CASE OF RURAL AREAS IN THE KALININGRAD REGION
Authors: Gumenyuk Ivan S. , Gumenyuk Lidia G.
Published: December 2021

Quality of life in rural areas is increasingly dependent on transport links to nearest towns and regional centres. In this article, we examine transport connectivity between villages and towns in the Kaliningrad region. We use the travel time access parameter to investigate the influence of transport connectivity on the population size and the prospects of socio-economic development in rural areas with different transport and geographical situations. Although the overall transport connectivity is high in the region, up to 10 per cent of villages score low on this parameter. We conclude that the demographic saturation of the Kaliningrad agglomeration has not been completed. Moreover, the smallness of the local consumer market impedes the formation of subregional centres in the eastern part of the region. The most alarming trend is the incipient concentration of population in peripheral border areas.
Primary intracerebral melanoma: A case report
Authors: Paunović Aleksandra , Lazić Igor , Milisavljević Filip , Miljković Aleksandar , Nedeljković Žarko , Bogdanović Ivan , Rakonjac Marija , Ilić Rosanda
Published: December 2021

Primary intracranial malignant melanoma is an extremely rare entity These aggressive tumors are derived from the melanocytes of leptomeninges or their precursor cells and can give metastasis to other organs. It effects mostly middle aged males and represents a very poor prognosis with median survival less than 1 year. For proper diagnosis, melanoma of other localization must be excluded. Giving the rarity of this tumor, treatment of choice in unclear. We report a case of 43 year old patient with primary intracranial melanoma treated by supramarginal resection followed by whole brain RT, with disease free period of three years following treatment. We strongly advocate for aggressive treatment approach, supramarginal resection whenever safe, adjuvant therapy and frequent check-ups. We also hope to inspire future studies on larger sample to in order to establish an adequate therapy protocols.
Geopolitical reasons for the break-up of Tito's Yugoslavia in the context of the international hegemony of the USA
Authors: Despotović Ljubiša , Glišin Vanja
Published: December 2021

We will present the main geopolitical reasons for the creation of the Kingdom of the SCS-Yugoslavia and follow their effect until the moment those reasons led to the decision of the NEO-Atlanticists to liquidate Broz's SFR Yugoslavia as a state and geopolitical project of the Entente forces. The process of the disintegration of the SFRY proceeded quickly and decisively with the imposition of new geopolitical interests of NEO-Atlanticism and foreign policy priorities. At that time, a new hegemon in the monopolar political order emerged, following the downfall of bipolarism that had dominated the world stage for more than four decades. All the geopolitical transgressions of the USA, both in the zones of the post-Soviet order of power and in the territorial area of the post-Yugoslav geopolitical experiment, produced a mutilation of the statehood, demography, territory, identity, language, culture and economy of Serbs in the area.
The disintegration of Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union: Similarities and differences
Authors: Krga Branko
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to consider the important factors in the disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (hereinafter SFRY) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (hereinafter USSR). The basic assumption is that there is a certain correlation, i.e., similarities and differences between the two processes. During the research of this question, standard methods were applied, such as analysis, synthesis, the historical method, comparative method, and the content analysis method, and in a sense, modeling or searching for a way to avoid the problems our country has faced over the past decades. Research has shown that this topic is still important for at least three reasons. First, it is obvious that the breakup of the SFRY and the USSR caused significant and multifarious problems in those countries, their successors, and beyond. Secondly, the security of these regions is still unstable and almost none of the problems that led to the conflicts of the 1990s and the disintegration of these countries have been completely resolved. Third, the Republic of Serbia and the Russian Federation, the main successors of the two countries, continue to experience risks and threats to their international position, defense, and security. Although the research showed that there is a certain correlation between the two processes - the disintegration of the SFRY and the USSR, it is obvious that this was not the key factor that led to the destruction of these two complex states, but that in both cases certain specific factors were decisive.
Prenuptial agreement as a subject of contesting by creditors
Authors: Plamenac Jelena
Published: December 2021

Purpose of this article is to analyse possibility of contesting prenuptial agreement by creditors of one spouse in situations when there is doubt that concluding nuptial agreement has been taken in order to damage creditors. Th e research was conducted by the method of interpretation of legal regulations, with analysis how competent court would act in court proceedings initiated in order to protect creditor's rights. Conclusion is that concluding nuptial agreement currently gives possibility for abuse, so spouses can manipulate with this institute in order to avoid fulfilment of their obligations to creditors. Furthermore, the legal system of the Republic of Serbia does not have effective mechanisms by which such abuse can be prevented, or mechanisms to remove its consequences. Proposals are given for potential changes in legislation, with reference to comparative legal solutions.
Internal audit key quality components
Authors: Jamandilović Svetlana
Published: December 2021

The services provided by internal auditors are based on a high level of confidence in the quality of their work. Continuous internal and periodic external quality control of internal audit activities are of key importance for maintaining confidence in the work of internal auditors.
Sequential sampling in the public sector audit procedure
Authors: Stanojević Slobodan
Published: December 2021

A fundamental weakness of the audit procedure of financial statements in the public sector is eliminating the functionality of sampling and thus the importance of the concept of materiality. The experience of the State Audit Institution (SAI) shows that 100% of the examination of documentation dominates in practice. Non-statistical sampling methods have a significant advantage because they put the scope of testing in the foreground as a matter of professional audit judgment. In contrast, statistical sampling requires the use of a statistical apparatus, usually an interval of confidence, which may or may not be decisive in determining the magnitude of the error. In addition, the importance of spending budget money requires the highest levels of accuracy in testing documentation, which extrapolated to the population does not have to be significant.
Students' attitudes toward ESP course at university level
Authors: Ivančević-Otanjac Maja
Published: December 2021

Introduction. English for Specific Purposes (ESP) at universities has a challenging goal of meeting the needs of usually large and heterogeneous groups of students. Objective. The aim of this study was to examine students' attitudes toward the ESP course, acquired knowledge, and course materials at the Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade. In addition, the study examined the possible influence of students' general English proficiency on the tested variables. Methods. An online questionnaire was used to collect data from 75 students who completed the ESP course in 2020 or 2021. Their general English proficiency was assessed by an online general English test. Results. The results showed that most students were satisfied with the acquired professional English language knowledge and available course materials and that their attitudes toward the completed ESP course were not influenced by their general English proficiency. Conclusion. These results are encouraging since they indicate overall student satisfaction with the ESP university course taught to a large class.
Inclusive digital economy as a factor of ensuring national security
Authors: Loginova Elena Viktorovna , Polkovnikov Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Guzev Mikhail Mikhailovich
Published: December 2021

The subject of this research is the processes of ensuring national security through the development of inclusive digital economy. The object of this research is the determining factors that indicate readiness of the countries for digitalization and its consequences; as well as the resulting factors that characterize the quantitative meaning of the development of inclusive economy under the influence of digital technologies. The goal lies in methodological substantiation of considering the development of inclusive digital economy as a factor of ensuring national security. The achievement of the set goal required the solution to the following tasks: compare the indicators of quantitative assessment of national security with the indicators used for calculating the index of inclusive development; analyze the impact of digitalization upon establishment of inclusive economy. For solution of the latter problem, the author built the econometric model based on the methods of linear and Bayesian Ridge Regression using the programming language Python. As a result, the author proves that that inclusive digital economy can be viewed as a factor of ensuring national security, because the digitalization processes influence the development of inclusive economy, and the countries with more developed inclusive economy have greater social and economic sustainability and higher level of domestic security. The acquired results can be applied for assessing the development trends of inclusive economy, as well as for elaboration and implementation of the economic policy measures aimed at intensification of economic growth and leveling the threats to national security.
Smartwatch, oxygen saturation, and COVID-19: Trustworthy?
Authors: Barros Gabriel Martins de , Barros Gabrielly Martins de , Anjos Monaliza Sousa dos , Mazullo Filho João Batista Raposo
Published: December 2021

not applicable
Human MAIT cells respond to and suppress HIV-1
Authors: Phetsouphanh Chansavath , Phalora Prabhjeet , Hackstein Carl-Philipp , Thornhill John , Munier C Mee Ling , Meyerowitz Jodi , Murray Lyle , VanVuuren Cloete , Goedhals Dominique , Drexhage Linnea , Russell Rebecca A , Sattentau Quentin J , Mak Jeffrey YW , Fairlie David P , Fidler Sarah , Kelleher Anthony D , Frater John , Klenerman Paul
Published: December 2021

Human MAIT cells sit at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity, are polyfunctional and are capable of killing pathogen infected cells via recognition of the Class IB molecule MR1. MAIT cells have recently been shown to possess an antiviral protective role in vivo and we therefore sought to explore this in relation to HIV-1 infection. There was marked activation of MAIT cells in vivo in HIV-1-infected individuals, which decreased following ART. Stimulation of THP1 monocytes with R5 tropic HIVBAL potently activated MAIT cells in vitro. This activation was dependent on IL-12 and IL-18 but was independent of the TCR. Upon activation, MAIT cells were able to upregulate granzyme B, IFNγ and HIV-1 restriction factors CCL3, 4, and 5. Restriction factors produced by MAIT cells inhibited HIV-1 infection of primary PBMCs and immortalized target cells in vitro. These data reveal MAIT cells to be an additional T cell population responding to HIV-1, with a potentially important role in controlling viral replication at mucosal sites.