bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sistem Informasi Manajemen pada Toko Bangunan (Studi Kasus: TB Al-haidar Kabupaten Malang)
Authors: Angelin Mayank , Prasetiya Hendro Poerbo
Published: November 2021

Toko Bangunan Al-haidar merupakan supermarket bahan bangunan yang menyediakan bahan bangunan seperti besi, galvalum, aluminium, alat-alat kelistrikan, alat-alat pertukangan, dan lain-lain. Semakin meningkatnya perkembangan TB Al-haidar  sekarang ini mengharuskan toko tersebut mencatat lebih dari ribuan transaksi penjualan dalam setiap tahunnya sehingga menuntut pihak toko untuk dapat menyediakan layanan sistem informasi manajemen berbasis web guna menunjang transaksi penjualan dan pelayanan lebih baik. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan dalam pengembangan sistem adalah metode Waterfall. Alat yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan model sistem adalah berupa Mind Mapping, Use Case, Workflow, diagram aktivitas, tabel skenario dan Mock Up serta dalam perancangan basis data menggunakan kamus data, dan Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). Untuk mengimplementasikan sistem informasi sistem ini, dibutuhkan komponen pendukung agar dapat bekerja dengan baik. Komponen tersebut diantaranya menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan untuk penyimpanan data menggunakan database MySQL. Dengan adanya Sistem Informasi tersebut diharapkan dapat mempermudah pengolahan data dan pengolahan laporan.
Implementasi One Time Password dengan Metode Advanced Encryption Standard
Authors: Kelana Oesman Hendra , Irawan Paulus Lucky Tirma , Halim Patricia Meiliana
Published: November 2021

Teknologi yang terus berkembang membutuhkan tingkat keamanan yang tinggi, terutama dalammenjaga password. Untuk mengatasi password yang harus diubah dalam jangka waktu tertentu, digunakanlahOne-Time Password (OTP). OTP sudah berhasil diimplementasikan dalam berbagai kasus perbankanmenggunakan token. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan OTP dalam smartphone, terutamaAndroid yang diharapkan dapat menggantikan fungsi token yang sudah ada. Metode yang digunakan untukmembangkitkan OTP dalam penelitian ini adalah metode AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). Aplikasiberbasis Android yang dihasilkan dapat menggantikan fungsi token yang ada saat ini. Selain itu, dalammengimplementasikan algoritma kriptografi AES untuk OTP berdasarkan challenge, aplikasi inimenggunakan secret number yang akan bertambah seiring dengan jumlah pembangkitan OTP.
Emergent research and priorities for shark and ray conservation
Authors: Jorgensen SJ , Micheli F , White TD , Van Houtan KS , Alfaro-Shigueto J , Andrzejaczek S , Arnoldi NS , Baum JK , Block B , Britten GL , Butner C , Caballero S , Cardeñosa D , Chapple TK , Clarke S , Cortés E , Dulvy NK , Fowler S , Gallagher AJ , Gilman E , Godley BJ , Graham RT , Hammerschlag N , Harry AV , Heithaus MR , Hutchinson M , Huveneers C , Lowe CG , Lucifora LO , MacKeracher T , Mangel JC , Barbosa Martins AP , McCauley DJ , McClenachan L , Mull C , Natanson LJ , Pauly D , Pazmiño DA , Pistevos JCA , Queiroz N , Roff G , Shea BD , Simpfendorfer CA , Sims DW , Ward-Paige C , Worm B , Ferretti F
Published: November 2021

Over the past 4 decades there has been a growing concern for the conservation status of elasmobranchs (sharks and rays). In 2002, the first elasmobranch species were added to Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Less than 20 yr later, there were 39 species on Appendix II and 5 on Appendix I. Despite growing concern, effective conservation and management remain challenged by a lack of data on population status for many species, human−wildlife interactions, threats to population viability, and the efficacy of conservation approaches. We surveyed 100 of the most frequently published and cited experts on elasmobranchs and, based on ranked responses, prioritized 20 research questions on elasmobranch conservation. To address these questions, we then convened a group of 47 experts from 35 institutions and 12 countries. The 20 questions were organized into the following broad categories: (1) status and threats, (2) population and ecology, and (3) conservation and management. For each section, we sought to synthesize existing knowledge, describe consensus or diverging views, identify gaps, and suggest promising future directions and research priorities. The resulting synthesis aggregates an array of perspectives on emergent research and priority directions for elasmobranch conservation.
978-80-574-0037-0
Authors:   Pavol JozefŠafárik University in Košice, Ružičková Valéria
Published: November 2021

V rámci XIV. ročníka študentského sympózia z medzinárodného práva a európskeho práva na tému „Umelá inteligencia z pohľadu práva“ si študenti Právnickej fakulty a Prírodovedeckej fakulty Univerzity Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach pripravili niekoľko príspevkov venujúcich sa aktuálnym otázkam v súvislosti s neustálym rozvojom umelej inteligencie. Z právneho hľadiska sa publikované príspevky zaoberajú významom umelej inteligencie v kozmickej činnosti ľudstva, jej vplyvom na základné práva, vývojom nových ľudských práv v súvislosti s jej aplikáciou v zdravotnej a ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti či ochranou osobných údajov pri jej využívaní. Okrem časti príspevkov skúmajúcich tieto otázky z právneho hľadiska sa dva z publikovaných príspevkov zaoberajú umelou inteligenciou z pohľadu prírodných vied, približujúc význam umelej inteligencie pri lokalizácii vo vnútornom prostredí ako aj jej význam v predikcii nákladov zdravotnej starostlivosti.
The Effects of Acute Ingestion of a High-fat Solution, compared to a High-Carbohydrate Solution, on Skeletal Muscle Oxygenation, Fat Oxidation and Performance During a 2-hour Cycling Effort Followed by a Short Time Trial in Cyclists and Triathletes
Authors: Jolicoeur Desroches Antoine , Domingue Frédéric , Laurencelle Louis , Lajoie Claude
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine the effects of consuming a high fat solution (HFS) compared to a high carbohydrate solution (HCS) during a cycling effort on substrate oxidation, muscle oxygenation and performance with cyclists and triathletes. Thirteen men participated in this study (age: 30.4 ± 6.3 y; height: 178.7 ± 6.1 cm; weight: 74.9 ± 6.5 kg; V̇O2 peak: 60.5 ± 7.9 mlO2×kg-1×min-1). The solutions were isocaloric (total of 720 kcal) and were consumed every 20 minutes. Each solution of HFS contained 12.78 g of lipids, 1.33 g of carbohydrates and 0.67 g of proteins, and each solution of HCS contained 28 g of carbohydrates. We measured pulmonary oxygen consumption and skeletal muscle oxygenation, using a Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS) during a cycling effort consisting of 2 hours at 65 % of maximal aerobic power (MAP) followed immediately by a 3-minute time-trial (TT). We observed that the consumption of the HFS increased the rate of fat oxidation at the end of the sub-maximal effort (0.61 ± 0.14 vs 0.53 ± 0.17 g×min-1, p < 0.05). We have also shown that the HFS negatively affected the performance in the TT (mean Watts: HCS: 347.0 ± 77.4 vs HFS: 326.5 ± 88.8 W; p < 0.05) and the rating of perceived exertions during the sub-maximal effort (modified Borg Perceived Exertion scale: 1–10) (mean: 3.62 ± 0.58 for HCS vs 4.16 ± 0.62 for HFS; p < 0.05). We did not observe a significant effect of the acute consumption of the HFS compared to the HCS on muscle oxygenation during the cycling effort. Finally, we observed that cyclists who demonstrated a high skeletal muscle deoxygenation relative to their pulmonary oxygen consumption (DHHb/V̇O2) had a higher fat oxidation capacity (higher Fatmax). In conclusion, even though the consumption of HFS increased the rate of fat oxidation at the end of a sub-maximal effort, it did not affect muscle oxygenation and it negatively affected performance and perceived exertion during a time-trial and caused gastro-intestinal distress in some participants.

Keywords: Fat oxidation, Skeletal muscle oxygenation, Lipid supplementation, Carbohydrate supplementation, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), Cycling, Triathlon.
Investing in Fictions: Faith, Abstraction and Materiality in Paul Murray’s The Mark and the Void
Authors: Flannery Eoin
Published: November 2021

One of the central contentions of this essay is that Paul Murray's novel, The Mark and the Void, addresses questions of faith, fictionality, literary form and the relationship between abstract finance and material sociality. The novel engages with and exposes the arcane vernaculars of finance capitalism, while at the same time registering the inalienable materiality of their effects in terms of impoverishment, displacement and terminal indebtedness. As we shall detail, for Murray, the purpose of ‘finance fiction’ is neither to confirm nor further mythologize the transcendental fictionality of high finance. In crafting such a literary critique of Celtic Tiger Ireland, Murray invokes an increasingly common trope – the zombie. In doing so, The Mark and The Void partakes of a figuration that acknowledges ‘the deadliness of financialized debt and credit crisis’. In a sense, enlisting the metonymic figure of the zombie speaks to the undead nature of indebtedness, and it is an apt figuration of the past that continues to haunt in the present and into the future. As the narrative suggests, debt is the financial burden that refuses to die, and the literary zombie represents communities of Celtic Tiger debtors metonymically.
The Changeling Legend and Queer Kinship in Caitriona Lally’s Eggshells
Authors: Ferguson Molly
Published: November 2021

In Caitriona Lally's debut novel Eggshells (2015), the narrator Vivian Lawlor is an adult woman with a quirky personality living in North Dublin, who believes herself to be a changeling. Throughout the novel, Vivian travels various paths in Dublin looking for specific ‘thin places,’ creating ‘an alternative map of Dublin’, as Claire Kilroy's review puts it. Folklore is often used as a code for hiding aspects of Irish life that are unspeakable, and in Eggshells the changeling story is a coded testimony of family violence in which the changeling figure is labelled as nonhuman. Rejected by family, she looks to queer models of kinship as outlined by Judith Butler, through transformative portals and a companion who is a fellow trauma survivor. This essay argues that, while her experience of traumatic family violence is silently coded within the changeling story, Vivian strategically deploys changeling legend to embody a nonconforming gender presentation.
Cross-Talk Between Tumor Cells Undergoing Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Natural Killer Cells in Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Vuletić Ana , Mirjačić Martinović Katarina , Tišma Miletić Nevena , Zoidakis Jerome , Castellvi-Bel Sergi , Čavić Milena
Published: November 2021

Tumor cells undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immune cells in tumor microenvironment (TME) reciprocally influence each other. Immune cells, by supplying TME with bioactive molecules including cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, metabolites, and by physical interactions with tumor cells via their receptors, represent an important factor that affects EMT. Chronical inflammation in TME favorizes tumor growth and invasiveness and stimulates synthesis of EMT promoting transcription factors. Natural killer (NK) cells, owing to their unique ability to exert cytotoxic function independent of major histocompatibility (MHC)-mediated antigen presentation, play a significant role in the control of metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although, the cross-talk between immune cells and tumor cells in general favors the induction of EMT and inhibition of antitumor immune responses, there are some changes in the immunogenicity of tumor cells during EMT of CRC cells that increase their susceptibility to NK cell cytotoxic lysis. However, suppressive TME downmodulates the expression of activating NK cell receptors, decreases the expression of activating and increases the expression of inhibitory NK cell ligands on tumor cells, and impairs NK cell metabolism that altogether negatively affects the overall NK cell function. Furthermore, process of EMT is often associated with increased expression of programmed cell death ligand (PD-L) and expression of immune checkpoint molecules PD-1, TIGIT, and TIM3 on functionally exhausted NK cells in TME in CRC. In this review we discuss modalities of cross-talk between tumor cells and NK cells, with regard of EMT-driven changes.
Expression Signatures of Long Noncoding RNAs in Left Ventricular Noncompaction
Authors: Tian Qingshan , Niu Hanxiao , Liu Dingyang , Ta Na , Yang Qing , Norton Vikram , Wu Yujing , Maiti Amit K. , Wu Hao , Zheng Zhenzhong
Published: November 2021

Long noncoding RNAs have gained widespread attention in recent years for their crucial role in biological regulation. They have been implicated in a range of developmental processes and diseases including cancer, cardiovascular, and neuronal diseases. However, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) has not been explored. In this study, we investigated the expression levels of lncRNAs in the blood of LVNC patients and healthy subjects to identify differentially expressed lncRNA that develop LVNC specific biomarkers and targets for developing therapies using biological pathways. We used Agilent Human lncRNA array that contains both updated lncRNAs and mRNAs probes. We identified 1,568 upregulated and 1,141 downregulated (log fold-change > 2.0) lncRNAs that are differentially expressed between LVNC and the control group. Among them, RP11-1100L3.7 and XLOC_002730 are the most upregulated and downregulated lncRNAs. Using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR), we confirmed the differential expression of three top upregulated and downregulated lncRNAs along with two other randomly picked lncRNAs. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways analysis with these differentially expressed lncRNAs provide insight into the cellular pathway leading to LVNC pathogenesis. We also identified 1,066 upregulated and 1,017 downregulated mRNAs. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that G2M, Estrogen, and inflammatory pathways are enriched in differentially expressed genes (DEG). We also identified miRNA targets for these differentially expressed genes. In this study, we first report the use of LncRNA microarray to understand the pathogenesis of LVNC and to identify several lncRNA and genes and their targets as potential biomarkers.
Establishment and Verification of a Thermal Calculation Model Considering Internal Heat Transfer of Accumulated Water in Permafrost Regions
Authors: Peng Erxing , Hu Xiaoying , Sheng Yu , Zhou Fansheng , Wu Jichun , Cao Wei
Published: November 2021

Water accumulation in permafrost regions causes a heavy thermal impact on the frozen layer, thereby leading to its degeneration. First, based on the real heat transfer process, this study proposes relevant hypotheses and governing equations for heat calculation models involving completely melted water, ice-bearing water, water–soil interface, and soil under water. The models consider the water surface as a thermal boundary on account of the natural buoyancy convection mechanism in water and the phase transition process. Second, this study verifies the accuracy of the calculation models regarding the measured water and permafrost temperatures. The four seasonal vertical temperature changes in the water according to this model are found to be consistent with the actual temperature-change trend, and the permafrost temperature under water is also consistent with the actual temperature field. This study thus provides theoretical support for the thermal impact analysis of water in permafrost regions.
System Design and Application of Supercritical and Transcritical CO2 Power Cycles: A Review
Authors: Wang Enhua , Peng Ningjian , Zhang Mengru
Published: November 2021

Improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions are crucial for the technological advancement of power systems. Various carbon dioxide (CO2) power cycles have been proposed for various applications. For high-temperature heat sources, the CO2 power system is more efficient than the ultra-supercritical steam Rankine cycle. As a working fluid, CO2 exhibits environmentally friendly properties. CO2 can be used as an alternative to organic working fluids in small- and medium-sized power systems for low-grade heat sources. In this paper, the main configurations and performance characteristics of CO2 power systems are reviewed. Furthermore, recent system improvements of CO2 power cycles, including supercritical Brayton cycles and transcritical Rankine cycles, are presented. Applications of combined systems and their economic performance are discussed. Finally, the challenges and potential future developments of CO2 power cycles are discussed. CO2 power cycles have their advantages in various applications. As working fluids must exhibit environmentally-friendly properties, CO2 power cycles provide an alternative for power generation, especially for low-grade heat sources.
Numerical Investigation of Pool Boiling Under Ocean Conditions with Lattice Boltzmann Simulation. Part Ⅰ: Heaving Condition
Authors: Zou Qifan , Liu Xiuliang , Hu Yongyan , Chang Yuxuan , Li Pengkun
Published: November 2021

Pool boiling is the heat-transfer mechanism of many heat exchangers inside ocean nuclear power plants working under the complex marine circumstances. Also, ocean conditions will create a new acceleration field other than gravity for the fluid, which induces some unique thermal–hydraulic characteristics. In this study, pool boiling under heaving conditions is numerically simulated using multiple relaxation time phase change lattice Boltzmann method. Firstly, the simulated results under static condition have been validated with recognized empirical equations, such as Rohsenow’s correlation at nucleate boiling, Zuber’s model, and Kandlikar’s model about critical heat flux (CHF). Then, pool boiling patterns, the boiling curve of time-averaged heat flux, transient heat flux, and heaving effects on different pool boiling regions are investigated. The results show that pool boiling curves of time-averaged heat flux between heaving conditions and static conditions with middle superheat degrees are similar. Heat transfer under heaving conditions at low superheat is somewhat enhanced, and it is weakened at high superheat, which leads to a slightly smaller critical heat flux with larger superheat compared with that under static conditions. Moreover, distinct fluctuation of the transient heat flux of pool boiling under heaving conditions is found for all boiling regimes. Furthermore, the heaving condition shows both positive and negative effects on pool boiling heat transfer at high-gravity and low-gravity regions, respectively. Besides, both the larger heaving height and shorter period time bring out more violent heaving motion and make a greater impact on pool boiling heat transfer.
Aboveground Herbivory Influences Belowground Defense Responses in Maize
Authors: Pingault Lise , Basu Saumik , Zogli Prince , Williams W. Paul , Palmer Nathan , Sarath Gautam , Louis Joe
Published: November 2021

The European corn borer (ECB; Ostrinia nubilalis) is an economically damaging insect pest of maize (Zea mays L.), an important cereal crop widely grown globally. Among inbred lines, the maize genotype Mp708 has shown resistance to diverse herbivorous insects, although several aspects of the defense mechanisms of Mp708 plants are yet to be explored. Here, the changes in root physiology arising from short-term feeding by ECB on the shoot tissues of Mp708 plants was evaluated directly using transcriptomics, and indirectly by monitoring changes in growth of western corn rootworm (WCR; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera) larvae. Mp708 defense responses negatively impacted both ECB and WCR larval weights, providing evidence for changes in root physiology in response to ECB feeding on shoot tissues. There was a significant downregulation of genes in the root tissues following short-term ECB feeding, including genes needed for direct defense (e.g., proteinase inhibitors and chitinases). Our transcriptomic analysis also revealed specific regulation of the genes involved in hormonal and metabolite pathways in the roots of Mp708 plants subjected to ECB herbivory. These data provide support for the long-distance signaling-mediated defense in Mp708 plants and suggest that altered metabolite profiles of roots in response to ECB feeding of shoots likely negatively impacted WCR growth.
A Transcriptional Signature of IL-2 Expanded Natural Killer Cells Predicts More Favorable Prognosis in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Sun Yuhan , Sedgwick Alexander James , Khan Md Abdullah-Al-Kamran , Palarasah Yaseelan , Mangiola Stefano , Barrow Alexander David
Published: November 2021

Activation of natural killer (NK) cell function is regulated by cytokines, such as IL-2, and secreted factors upregulated in the tumor microenvironment, such as platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-DD). In order to elucidate a clinical role for these important regulators of NK cell function in antitumor immunity, we generated transcriptional signatures representing resting, IL-2-expanded, and PDGF-DD-activated, NK cell phenotypes and established their abundance in The Cancer Genome Atlas bladder cancer (BLCA) dataset using CIBERSORT. The IL-2-expanded NK cell phenotype was the most abundant in low and high grades of BLCA tumors and was associated with improved prognosis. In contrast, PDGFD expression was associated with numerous cancer hallmark pathways in BLCA tumors compared with normal bladder tissue, and a high tumor abundance of PDGFD transcripts and the PDGF-DD-activated NK cell phenotype were associated with a poor BLCA prognosis. Finally, high tumor expression of transcripts encoding the activating NK cell receptors, KLRK1 and the CD160–TNFRSF14 receptor–ligand pair, was strongly correlated with the IL-2-expanded NK cell phenotype and improved BLCA prognosis. The transcriptional parameters we describe may be optimized to improve BLCA patient prognosis and risk stratification in the clinic and potentially provide gene targets of therapeutic significance for enhancing NK cell antitumor immunity in BLCA.
Effects of Seagrass Wasting Disease on Eelgrass Growth and Belowground Sugar in Natural Meadows
Authors: Graham Olivia J. , Aoki Lillian R. , Stephens Tiffany , Stokes Joshua , Dayal Sukanya , Rappazzo Brendan , Gomes Carla P. , Harvell C. Drew
Published: November 2021

Seagrass meadows provide valuable ecosystem benefits but are at risk from disease. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is a temperate species threatened by seagrass wasting disease (SWD), caused by the protist Labyrinthula zosterae. The pathogen is sensitive to warming ocean temperatures, prompting a need for greater understanding of the impacts on host health under climate change. Previous work demonstrates pathogen cultures grow faster under warmer laboratory conditions and documents positive correlations between warmer ocean temperatures and disease levels in nature. However, the consequences of disease outbreaks on eelgrass growth remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the effect of disease on eelgrass productivity in the field. We coupled in situ shoot marking with high-resolution imagery of eelgrass blades and used an artificial intelligence application to determine disease prevalence and severity from digital images. Comparisons of eelgrass growth and disease metrics showed that SWD impaired eelgrass growth and accumulation of non-structural carbon in the field. Blades with more severe disease had reduced growth rates, indicating that disease severity can limit plant growth. Disease severity and rhizome sugar content were also inversely related, suggesting that disease reduced belowground carbon accumulation. Finally, repeated measurements of diseased blades indicated that lesions can grow faster than healthy tissue in situ. This is the first study to demonstrate the negative impact of wasting disease on eelgrass health in a natural meadow. These results emphasize the importance of considering disease alongside other stressors to better predict the health and functioning of seagrass meadows in the Anthropocene.
Artificial Inclusion Environments—Replicating Industry in the Laboratory
Authors: Raviraj A. , Spooner S. , Li J. , Kourra N. , Warnett J. , Abbel G. , Tiekink W. , Williams M. A. , Davis C. , Sridhar S.
Published: November 2021

The authors present a series of complementary test methods which were developed and used to investigate reactions between high aluminium steel and silica rich inclusions. Non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) cause many defects in the final steel product, therefore the ability to track their size, morphology and composition and correlate this with fundamental reaction kinetics provides important knowledge to support the production of clean quality steel products. Novel steel grades such as TRIP, TWIP and low-density steels have high aluminium contents; aluminium is a readily oxidisable species presenting the potential for instability and excessive reaction with commonly used mould powders that contain silica. A novel combination of techniques including HT-CLSM (High-Temperature Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope), XCT (X-ray computed tomography) and SEM/EDS (scanning electron microscopy/electron dispersive spectroscopy) have been used to study the interaction of entrained mould powder inclusions with steel at high temperatures simulating industrial conditions. This report presents a discussion on the development of techniques and samples to achieve representative and repeatable results that can provide information on the complex chemical and physical interaction phenomena with confidence. Each experimental technique had its own learning points and consequent results. Outcomes presented include possible confirmation of the chemical reaction rate controlling step being aluminium mass transfer; heterogeneous local environmental conditions including fluidity and chemical composition; and occurrence of spontaneous emulsification where the mould powder inclusion breaks apart into a cloud of smaller fragments.
Persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Response in Asymptomatic Patients in Correctional Facilities
Authors: Tian Xiaodong , Jiang Wenguo , Zhang He , Lu XiXi , Li Libo , Liu Wenjun , Li Jing
Published: November 2021

SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global health disaster with millions of death worldwide, and the substantial proportion of asymptomatic carriers poses a huge threat to public health. The long-term antibody responses and neutralization activity during natural asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown. In this study, we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and neutralization assay with purified SARS-CoV-2S and N proteins to study the antibody responses of 156 individuals with natural asymptomatic infection. We found robust antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 156 patients from 6 to 12 months. Although the antibody responses gradually decreased, S-IgG was more stable than N-IgG. S-IgG was still detected in 79% of naturally infected individuals after 12 months of infection. Moderate to potent neutralization activities were also observed in 98.74% of patients 6 months after infection. However, this proportion decreased at 8-month (46.15%) and 10-month (39.11%) after infection, respectively. Only 23.72% of patients displayed potent neutralization activity at 12 months. This study strongly supports the long-term presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals with natural asymptomatic infection, although the magnitude of the antibody responses started to cripple 6 months after infection.
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Breast Cancer Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review of Neuroimaging Studies
Authors: Arya Nisha , Vaish Anya , Zhao Ke , Rao Hengyi
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Fatigue and cognitive dysfunction commonly co-occur in breast cancer patients and survivors. However, the underlying neural mechanism is not clear. We performed a systematic review of studies that used neuroimaging methods to investigate structural and functional changes in the brain associated with fatigue in breast cancer patients and survivors.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, EmBase, and Cochrane CENTRAL from January 2009 to May 2021 for studies that reported brain neuroimaging findings in relationship to fatigue in breast cancer patients or survivors. Neuroimaging methods included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalogram (EEG). We summarized structural and functional neuroimaging changes associated with fatigue.

Results: Of the 176 articles retrieved, ten MRI studies reported neuroimaging findings in relationship to fatigue. Together these studies compared 385 breast cancer patients or survivors to 205 controls. Fatigue was associated with reduced white matter integrity and increased glutamate in the insula but changes in gray matter volume were not associated with fatigue score. Nine of the ten studies found significant associations between fatigue and functional changes in the frontoparietal cortex. In response to memory and planning tasks, fatigue was associated with increased activations in several regions of the frontoparietal cortex, however, overall performance on tasks was not reduced. Fatigue was also associated with extensive changes in the connectivity of brain networks that filter endogenous signals (salience network), internal attention (default mode network), and external attention (dorsal attention network). Subcortical regions associated with fatigue included insula (interoception), superior colliculus (sleep regulation), and thalamus (alertness). Functional brain changes before initiation of chemotherapy were a better predictor of post-treatment fatigue than chemotherapy itself.

Conclusions: Fatigue in breast cancer is associated with widespread functional changes of brain regions and networks that affect executive function including memory, planning, internal and external attention. Observed changes likely represent a compensatory mechanism through which breast cancer patients and survivors try to maintain adequate executive function. Breast cancer patients scheduled to undergo chemotherapy are at high risk for developing fatigue even before the start of treatment.
Large Multicohort Study Reveals a Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Allele at 5p15 Regulating TERT via Androgen Signaling-Orchestrated Chromatin Binding of E2F1 and MYC
Authors: Dong Xiaoming , Zhang Qin , Hao Jinglan , Xie Qianwen , Xu Binbing , Zhang Peng , Lu Haicheng , Huang Qilai , Yang Tielin , Wei Gong-Hong , Na Rong , Gao Ping
Published: November 2021

Aberrant telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) expression is crucial for tumor survival and cancer cells escaping apoptosis. Multiple TERT-locus variants at 5p15 have been discovered in association with cancer risk, yet the underlying mechanisms and clinical impacts remain unclear. Here, our association studies showed that the TERT promoter variant rs2853669 confers a risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in different ethnic groups. Further functional investigation revealed that the allele-specific binding of MYC and E2F1 at TERT promoter variant rs2853669 associates with elevated level of TERT in PCa. Mechanistically, androgen stimulations promoted the binding of MYC to allele T of rs2853669, thereby activating TERT, whereas hormone deprivations enhanced E2F1 binding at allele C of rs2853669, thus upregulating TERT expression. Notably, E2F1 could cooperate with AR signaling to regulate MYC expression. Clinical data demonstrated synergistic effects of MYC/E2F1/TERT expression or with the TT and CC genotype of rs2853669 on PCa prognosis and severity. Strikingly, single-nucleotide editing assays showed that the CC genotype of rs2853669 obviously promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the development of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC), confirmed by unbiased global transcriptome profiling. Our findings thus provided compelling evidence for understanding the roles of noncoding variations coordinated with androgen signaling and oncogenic transcription factors in mis-regulating TERT expression and driving PCa.
The Impact of Histopathological Features on the Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dolens Eder da Silva , Dourado Mauricio Rocha , Almangush Alhadi , Salo Tuula A. , Gurgel Rocha Clarissa Araujo , da Silva Sabrina Daniela , Brennan Peter A. , Coletta Ricardo D.
Published: November 2021

Objective

Over many decades, studies on histopathological features have not only presented high-level evidence of contribution for treatment directions and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) but also provided inconsistencies, making clinical application difficult. The 8th TNM staging system of OSCC has acknowledged the importance of some histopathological features, by incorporating depth of invasion (DOI) to T category and extranodal extension (ENE) to N category. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to determine the most clinically relevant histopathological features for risk assessment and treatment planning of OSCC and to elucidate gaps in the literature.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines, and the eligibility criteria were based on population, exposure, comparison, outcome, and study type (PECOS). PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles exploring the impact of histopathological features on OSCC outcomes with Cox multivariate analysis. Pooled data were subjected to an inverse variance method with random effects or fixed effect model, and the risk of bias was evaluated using quality in prognosis studies (QUIPS). Quality of evidence was assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.

Results

The study included 172 articles published from 1999 to 2021. Meta-analyses confirmed the prognostic potential of DOI, ENE, perineural invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and involvement of the surgical margins and brought promising results for the association of bone invasion, tumor thickness, and pattern of invasion with increased risk for poor survival. Although with a small number of studies, the results also revealed a clinical significance of tumor budding and tumor-stroma ratio on predicted survival of patients with OSCC. Most of the studies were considered with low or moderate risk of bias, and the certainty in evidence varied from very low to high.

Conclusion

Our results confirm the potential prognostic usefulness of many histopathological features and highlight the promising results of others; however, further studies are advised to apply consistent designs, filling in the literature gaps to the pertinence of histopathological markers for OSCC prognosis.

Systematic Review Registration

International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), identifier CRD42020219630.
Analysis of AI Precision Education Strategy for Small Private Online Courses
Authors: Lin Yu-Shan , Lai Ying-Hsun
Published: November 2021

In recent years, the learning efficacy of online to offline (O2O) teaching methods seems to outperform traditional teaching methods in the field of education. Students can use a small private online course (SPOC) teaching platform to preview class-related materials, learn basic knowledge, and enhance the practical experience of system development in offline courses. The research team applied an artificial intelligence (AI) precision education strategy to design a teaching experiment that evaluated whether this approach may lead to better learning outcomes. In addition to questionnaire surveys to ascertain students' attitudes toward and their satisfaction with learning, this study employed in-depth interviews to understand a potential influence on changes in teachers' curriculum design and teaching approaches when SPOCs was integrated into the traditional university classroom, as well as the impact of the AI precision education model. The results showed that the AI precision education model may facilitate students' learning experience and enhance student achievement.
Teaching Simple Strategies to Foster Emotional Well-Being
Authors: Iovino Emily A. , Koslouski Jessica B. , Chafouleas Sandra M.
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented considerable disruptions to routines that have challenged emotional well-being for children and their caregivers. One direction for supporting emotional well-being includes strategies that help children feel their best in the moment, which can bolster their capacity to respond appropriately to thoughts and behaviors. Strengthening emotional well-being equitably, however, must include opportunities in settings that are easily accessible to all, such as schools. In this paper, we focus on simple, evidence-informed strategies that can be used in schools to promote positive feelings in the moment and build coping behaviors that facilitate tolerance of uncertainty. We focus on those strategies that educators can easily and routinely use across ages, stages, and activities. Selected strategies are primarily tied to cognitive behavioral theory, with our review broadly organized across categories of self-awareness, self-soothing, and social relationships. We review evidence for each, providing examples that illustrate ease of use in school settings.
Do Anxiety and Depression Predict Persistent Physical Symptoms After a Severe COVID-19 Episode? A Prospective Study
Authors: Bottemanne Hugo , Gouraud Clément , Hulot Jean-Sébastien , Blanchard Anne , Ranque Brigitte , Lahlou-Laforêt Khadija , Limosin Frédéric , Günther Sven , Lebeaux David , Lemogne Cédric
Published: November 2021

Background: Persistent physical symptoms are common after a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) episode, but their pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the association between anxiety and depression at 1-month after acute infection and the presence of fatigue, dyspnea, and pain complaints at 3-month follow-up.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study in patients previously hospitalized for COVID-19 followed up for 3 months. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD-S) was administered by physicians at 1-month follow-up, and the presence of fatigue, dyspnea, and pain complaints was assessed at both 1 month and 3 months. Multivariable logistic regressions explored the association between anxiety and depression subscores and the persistence of each of the physical symptom at 3 months.

Results: A total of 84 patients were included in this study (Median age: 60 years, interquartile range: 50.5–67.5 years, 23 women). We did not find any significant interaction between anxiety and the presence of fatigue, dyspnea, or pain complaints at 1 month in predicting the persistence of these symptoms at 3 months (all p ≥ 0.36). In contrast, depression significantly interacted with the presence of pain at 1 month in predicting the persistence of pain at 3 months (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.02–2.51, p = 0.039), with a similar trend for dyspnea (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 0.99–2.28, p = 0.052).

Discussion and Conclusion: Contrary to anxiety, depression after an acute COVID-19 episode may be associated with and increased risk of some persistent physical symptoms, including pain and dyspnea.
The Running Track of Government Responsibility During the Pandemic, Characteristic Analysis of Policy Documents Relevant to the COVID-19 Pandemic Released by Beijing Municipal Government in 2020
Authors: Mao Ayan , Yang Yujie , Qiu Wuqi
Published: November 2021

Objective: Provide a reference point for the division of labor during the collaboration of multiple departments and the planning for the prevention and control of the Covid-19 epidemic of departments of the Beijing Municipal Government, from the perspective of policy documents.

Methods: Policy documents and daily updates on COVID-19 cases published in 2020 are taken from the official website of Beijing Municipal Government and Beijing Municipal Health Commission. The characteristics of the pandemic situation and the content of relevant documents issued by different departments are described in five stages.

Results: There were 988 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Beijing in 2020, and policy analysis covered 444 documents (257 policy documents and 187 explanations of policy). A total of 153 policy documents were directly issued by the Beijing Municipal Government and its 45 subordinate commissions and bureaus, while others were policy forwarding from the central government and its relevant departments, county-level governments of Beijing and other organizations. Most cases and documents emerged during the initial stage of the pandemic (Level-I of the Emergency Response, which is the most serious). It was found that as many as 109 documents published by Beijing Municipal Government during the Level I emergency response period were relevant to economic and social development, 83 documents were related to disease control and medical services, and the rest were in close relation to the production and daily life of the people. Overall, major policy measures taken were relevant to 7 fields: finance, transportation, economic activities, employment people's lives, epidemic prevention and control and medical insurance. Policy implementation objectives were centered on promoting epidemic prevention and control and maintaining the stability of social production and residents' life. However, there are different emphases in different stages of the epidemic.

Conclusion: Beijing municipality realized an effective mode of collaboration among multiple departments and organizations in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic, which was an example of the practice of “Health in All Policies.”
Fairness of the Distribution of Public Medical and Health Resources
Authors: Pu Lida
Published: November 2021

The fairness of health services is an important indicator of the World Health Organization's performance evaluation of health services, and the fairness of health resource allocation is the prerequisite for the fairness of health services. The research in this article aims to explore how to use health and medical resources fairly and effectively to allocate health resources in different fields, populations and projects, in order to achieve the maximization of social and economic benefits of health and medical resources. In the study of the distribution and equity of public health and medical resources, we comprehensively apply Gini coefficient, Theil index, Lorentz curve and difference index, based on the theory of health resource allocation and the theory of health equity, the province's health service resources have been researched and evaluated, combined with regional health planning theories and public health theories, a variety of scientific methods were used to analyze community health service resources at all levels across the country. At the same time, we reviewed the journal literature about the treatment of patients and children, and analyzed the patients admitted to medical institutions in various regions. The research in this paper found that from 2016 to 2020, the Gini coefficient of the province's health institutions according to population distribution has been fluctuating between 0.14 and 0.17. During this 5-year period, the Gini coefficient of the distribution of medical and health expenditures by population shows a downward trend year by year. From 2019, reach below 0.1, this shows that the fairness of the allocation of health resources according to population has a clear trend of improvement.
Reviewing the Efficacy of Pollen Substitutes as a Management Tool for Improving the Health and Productivity of Western Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Colonies
Authors: Noordyke Emily R. , Ellis James D.
Published: November 2021

Western honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) collect pollen from flowers as their source of protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals. Beekeepers feed pollen substitutes to their honey bee colonies to mitigate a lack of natural pollen resources in the environment. Despite their widespread use, it is unclear if pollen substitutes are beneficial to colony health and productivity. Herein, we review the literature regarding pollen substitute efficacy in four major categories: (1) consumption/palatability of pollen substitutes, (2) colony productivity, (3) pest and disease response, and (4) physiological response. Collectively, the literature shows a mix of positive, neutral, and negative impacts of pollen substitutes on honey bee colony health. Additionally, we recommend areas for improvement in pollen substitute research. We hope this review will lead to more research on pollen substitutes given nutrition is a key factor impacting the health of managed honey bees globally.
Subdistrict-Level Reproductive Number for Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle in Northern Thailand
Authors: Arjkumpa Orapun , Picasso-Risso Catalina , Perez Andres , Punyapornwithaya Veerasak
Published: November 2021

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an important contagious transboundary disease that causes a significant economic loss for several countries. The FMD virus (FMDV) can spread very rapidly by direct and indirect transmission among susceptible animals. The complexity and magnitude of FMDV transmission at the initial stages of the epidemic can be expressed by the basic reproductive number (R0), and furthermore, control strategies can be assessed by the estimation of the effective reproductive number. In this study, we aimed to describe FMD outbreaks among smallholder cattle farms by subdistricts in the northern Thailand and compute the effective reproductive number for outbreaks caused by FMDV serotype O and overall serotypes, including serotype O, serotype A, and unidentified serotype, at the subdistrict level (Rsd) using an epidemic doubling time method. Field data of FMD outbreaks during 2015–2017 that affected 94 subdistricts in northern Thailand were assessed to estimate the Rsd. Results showed that 63.38% (90/142) of the FMD outbreak episodes in cattle were caused by FMDV serotype O. The average doubling time and the Rsd estimated of the outbreaks caused by FMDV serotype O and overall serotype were 2.80 and 4.67 months, and 1.06 and 1.04, respectively. Our results indicated that transmission of FMD in cattle at the subdistrict level in northern Thailand was not controlled (Rsd > 1), which indicates the endemicity of the disease in the region. Although control measures are in place, the results from this study highlighted the need for enhancing FMD monitoring and control strategies in northern Thailand.
The Control Algorithm and Experimentation of Coaxial Rotor Aircraft Trajectory Tracking Based on Backstepping Sliding Mode
Authors: Xu Jiulong , Hao Yongping , Wang Junjie , Li Lun
Published: November 2021

In view of the uncertainty of model parameters, the influence of external disturbances and sensor noise on the flight of coaxial rotor aircraft during autonomous flight, a robust backstepping sliding mode control algorithm for the position and attitude feedback control system is studied to solve the trajectory tracking problem of an aircraft in the case of unknown external interference. In this study, a non-linear dynamic model based on a disturbed coaxial rotor aircraft was established for an unknown flight. Then, a non-linear robust backstepping sliding mode controller was designed, which was divided into two sub-controllers: the attitude controller and the position controller of the coaxial rotor aircraft. In the controller, virtual control was introduced to construct the Lyapunov function to ensure the stability of each subsystem. The effectiveness of the proposed controller was verified through numerical simulation. Finally, the effectiveness of the backstepping sliding mode control algorithm was verified by flight experiments.