bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Can Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Help Understanding of the Psychotherapy Process? A Scoping Review of Therapeutic Interactions
Authors: Iwayama Takayuki , Matsumoto Akira , Saneyoshi Ayako , Oi Hitomi , Yanagida Ayaka , Noma Hiroku , Nakajima Shun , Nakamura‐Taira Nanako
Published: October 2024

In recent years, near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has garnered significant attention for its potential clinical applications as a non‐invasive and straightforward method for measuring brain functions. While NIRS has become useful in psychiatric contexts by aiding in the differential diagnosis of depression, its application in clinical psychology is still developing. Due to its ecological validity, which allows for measurements in natural settings, NIRS shows promise in revealing the dynamic elements of the psychotherapy process. In this study, we conducted a scoping literature review of the use of NIRS in psychotherapeutic interactions, exploring its potential to unveil the complexities of psychotherapy settings involving interpersonal interactions. Employing a scoping review approach, we systematically searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for articles published through October 19, 2023 about studies using NIRS as a measurement instrument: This yielded various therapeutic interactions. Of the 155 retrieved results that remained after the initial screening, seven met the inclusion criteria. Of these, six studies examined the synchronization of brain functions through the simultaneous brain activity measurements (hyperscanning) of two participants. The review revealed that, despite the anticipated potential of NIRS, it has become evident there is a dearth of research focusing on interactions during psychotherapy. Furthermore, the few available studies have not explored changes in line with the progression of psychotherapeutic interactions. Consequently, future studies should address whether NIRS can effectively assess alterations in brain function resulting from micro‐level events, such as the therapeutic interaction between therapists and clients during psychotherapy.
Sea cucumber, Neostichopus grammatus, density and tank cleaning frequency affect abalone, Haliotis midae, growth in integrated multitrophic aquaculture
Authors: Onomu Abigail John , Slater Matthew James , Vine Niall Gordon
Published: October 2024

The integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) of sea cucumber and abalone has been proposed as a potential bioremediation tool that stimulates increased abalone growth. This study assessed the role of sea cucumber stocking density and frequency of tank cleaning in IMTA on growth, water, and sludge bioremediation. The study was conducted for 16 weeks and was made of four treatments and four replicates; abalone cocultured with sea cucumber (low density—27: 1 g [abalone (ab): sea cucumber (sc)]) with tanks cleaned once a week (L1); abalone cocultured with sea cucumber (low density) with tanks cleaned twice a week (L2); abalone cocultured with sea cucumber (high density—15:1 g [ab:sc]) with tanks cleaned once a week (H1) and abalone cocultured with sea cucumber (high density) with tanks cleaned twice a week (H2). Rearing water nitrite was significantly lower (p = 0.001) at high stocking density of sea cucumbers, but sludge was unaffected. Tanks cleaned once weekly had higher sludge organic matter (p = 0.015) and sludge sulfur content (p = 0.020) and lower sludge carbon (p = 0.003) and nitrogen content (p = 0.049). At the end of the experiment, the stocking density of sea cucumber and frequency of tank cleaning affected abalone mean weight [p = 0.047; p = 0.011, respectively] without a significant interaction (p = 0.517). Abalone in H1 had a higher mean weight and shell length than abalone in L2 and H2 but was similar to those in L1. The stocking density and frequency of cleaning used in this study had no effect on the growth of sea cucumbers [p = 0.150; p = 0.470, respectively]. This study has shown that in an abalone–sea cucumber IMTA system, the stocking density of sea cucumber and the frequency at which tanks are cleaned influence abalone growth and bioremediation of the rearing water. Our result suggests H1 as the best density (ab:sc) and cleaning frequency. The tank cleaning frequency alone affects the tank sludge quality; tanks need not be washed too frequently as, in addition to causing animal stress, cleaning markedly increased carbon and nitrogen level of tank sludge. Both these effects are likely to negatively impact abalone growth.
Bolt loosening assessment using ensemble vision models for automatic localization and feature extraction with target‐free perspective adaptation
Authors: Pan Xiao , Yang T. Y.
Published: October 2024

Bolt loosening assessment is crucial to identify early warnings of structural degradation and prevent catastrophic events. This paper proposes an automatic bolt loosening assessment methodology. First, a novel end‐to‐end ensemble vision model, Bolt‐FP‐Net, is proposed to reason the locations of bolts and their hexagonal feature patterns concurrently. Second, an adaptive target‐free perspective correction method is proposed to correct perspective distortion and enhance assessment accuracy. Finally, an iterative bolt loosening quantification is developed to estimate and refine the bolt loosening rotation. Experimental parametric studies indicated that the proposed Bolt‐FP‐Net can achieve excellent performance under different environmental conditions. Finally, a case study was conducted on steel bolt connections, which shows the proposed methodology can achieve high accuracy and real‐time speed in bolt loosening assessment.
Perception of Utility and Efficacy of Implementation of TEC‐MED Model of Care for Frail Older People and Their Caregivers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lommi Marzia , D'Agostino Fabio , Esposito Giuseppe , Belsito Romina , Ciccacci Fausto , Pellicciari Maria Concetta , Porcel‐Gálvez Ana Maria , Lima‐Serrano Marta , Giannetta Noemi , Ivziku Dhurata
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The global population is ageing, and healthcare systems continue to adopt outdated social models of ageing that do not respond to older people's needs. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of participants in the implementation of the Transcultural social‐ethical‐care (TEC‐MED) model for integrated community care.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive research study was conducted. Qualitative data were collected through individual interviews and focus groups with purposive sampling.

Results

We gathered experiences from five older people, five informal caregivers, two training agents (nurses), six healthcare professionals and eight stakeholders (senior management of businesses, public administrators, researchers and educators). Four themes were extracted: TEC‐MED as a new model of home care, TEC‐MED model outcome, key role of training agent and platform and resources. Overall, all the participants were satisfied with the model and various positive outcomes were found. The TEC‐MED model of care was inclusive and personalised and bridged the communication and integration gaps between different services for the care of dependent older people and their caregivers in the community. Recommendations were made for improvements to the model.

Conclusion

New models of care that are inclusive, personalised and integrated are necessary to respond to the multiple needs of the older people. A model that integrates the multiple skills of healthcare professionals is an optimum solution in the care of the older people and their caregivers in Mediterranean countries. Similar research is imperative for other healthcare systems to help them prepare adequately to respond effectively to the needs of present and new generations of older people.

Implications for Practice

The TEC‐MED model presents a promising approach to addressing the complex care needs of older people and their caregivers by fostering inclusivity, personalisation and integration across services. For nursing practice, this model emphasizes the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and the role of nurses in facilitating the adoption of new care strategies. Implementing such models in everyday practice could improve the quality of care provided to older adults, enhancing communication between healthcare providers and ensuring that care is more aligned with the individual needs of patients. Furthermore, integrating digital platforms and targeted resources, as highlighted in the TEC‐MED model, can aid in overcoming existing barriers in healthcare systems, improving the coordination of care at the community level.
The relationship between ON–OFF function and OCT structural and angiographic parameters in early diabetic retinal disease
Authors: Tang Vanessa T. S. , Symons Robert C. A. , Fourlanos Spiros , Guest Daryl , McKendrick Allison M.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

This study measured associations between ON and OFF functional indicators and structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) markers in diabetic retinal disease.

Methods

Fifty‐four participants with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (mean age = 34.1 years; range 18–60) and 48 age‐matched controls (mean age = 35.4 years, range 18–59) underwent visual psychophysical testing, OCT and OCTA retinal imaging. Psychophysical tasks measuring (A) contrast increment and decrement sensitivity and (B) response times to increment and decrement targets were assessed as surrogate measures of ON and OFF retinal ganglion cell function.

Results

The group with diabetes had worse foveal contrast increment and decrement thresholds (p = 0.04) and were slower to search for increment and decrement targets relative to controls (p = 0.009). Individuals with diabetes had a less circular foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (p < 0.001) but did not differ from controls in foveal vessel density and FAZ area. Functional and structural outcome measures related to the peripheral retina were also comparable between those with and without diabetes. Functional responses to increments and decrements were not significantly correlated with FAZ circularity or vessel density in individuals with diabetes.

Conclusions

Diabetic retinal disease results in impaired performance on measures of inferred ON and OFF pathway function in addition to vascular deficits measurable with OCTA. Future longitudinal studies may determine the temporal relationship between these deficits, and whether they predict future diabetic retinopathy.
A Polyphonic Debate on Social Equity Budgeting
Authors: McDonald Bruce D. , Ferry Laurence , McCandless Sean A. , Jordan Meagan M. , Steccolini Ileana , Bartle John R. , Ahrens Thomas , Haslam Jim , Joyce Philip G. , Polzer Tobias
Published: October 2024

This paper is polyphonic (i.e., a debate involving multiple perspectives) and highlights emerging interdisciplinary thoughts on past, current, and future social equity budgeting (SEB). We present a vision for the field and emphasize the potential impact of this paper. We hope to enliven debates regarding context, underpinning philosophies, and methods, thus fostering a greater theoretical and practical reconsideration of SEB. The impact of this paper is significant, as it leads to a fundamental rethinking of SEB and related research, profoundly influencing the field. To do so, this paper has brought together 10 international scholars to foster an interdisciplinary approach regarding views and strategies. The richness of looking at a plurality of perspectives enables exploring developments that open the potential for a much greater theoretical and practical reconsideration of SEB and related research. The paper shows that while there is much convergence on the importance of ongoing research on gender, race, and class, there can also be more research on areas such as SEB's philosophical, theoretical, and empirical underpinnings that need further development.
Identification and Characterization of Innate Immunity in Actinidia melanandra in Response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae
Authors: Hemara Lauren M. , Chatterjee Abhishek , Yeh Shin‐Mei , Chen Ronan K. Y. , Hilario Elena , Lievre Liam Le , Crowhurst Ross N. , Bohne Deborah , Arshed Saadiah , Patterson Haileigh R. , Barrett‐Manako Kelvina , Thomson Susan , Allan Andrew C. , Brendolise Cyril , Chagné David , Templeton Matthew D. , Tahir Jibran , Jayaraman Jay
Published: October 2024

Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 (Psa3) has decimated kiwifruit orchards growing susceptible kiwifruit Actinidia chinensis varieties. Effector loss has occurred recently in Psa3 isolates from resistant kiwifruit germplasm, resulting in strains capable of partially overcoming resistance present in kiwiberry vines (Actinidia arguta, Actinidia polygama, and Actinidia melanandra). Diploid male A. melanandra recognises several effectors, sharing recognition of at least one avirulence effector (HopAW1a) with previously studied tetraploid kiwiberry vines. Sequencing and assembly of the A. melanandra genome enabled the characterisation of the transcriptomic response of this non‐host to wild‐type and genetic mutants of Psa3. A. melanandra appears to mount a classic effector‐triggered immunity (ETI) response to wildtype Psa3 V‐13, as expected. Surprisingly, the type III secretion (T3SS) system‐lacking Psa3 V‐13 ∆hrcC strain did not appear to trigger pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) despite lacking the ability to deliver immunity‐suppressing effectors. Contrasting the A. melanandra responses to an effectorless Psa3 V‐13 ∆33E strain and to Psa3 V‐13 ∆hrcC suggested that PTI triggered by Psa3 V‐13 was based on the recognition of the T3SS itself. The characterisation of both ETI and PTI branches of innate immunity responses within A. melanandra further enables breeding for durable resistance in future kiwifruit cultivars.
A Novel Secreted Protein of Fusarium oxysporum Promotes Infection by Inhibiting PR‐5 Protein in Plant
Authors: Qian Hengwei , Xiao Zhiliang , Cheng Lirui , Geng Ruimei , Ma Yan , Bi Yanxiao , Liang Wenxing , Yang Aiguo
Published: October 2024

Fusarium oxysporum, an important soilborne fungal pathogen that causes serious Fusarium wilt disease, secretes diverse effectors during the infection. In this study, we identified a novel secreted cysteine‐rich protein, FolSCP1, which contains unknown protein functional domain. Here, we characterized FolSCP1 as a secreted virulence factor that promotes the pathogen infection of host plants by inhibiting diverse plant defence responses. FolSCP1 interacted with the pathogenesis‐related 5 (PR‐5) protein SlPR5, a positive regulator of tomato plant immunity against multiple tomato pathogens, and effectively attenuated the antifungal activity of the tomato PR‐5 protein. FoSCP1, a homologue of FolSCP1, was secreted by a F. oxysporum isolate from infected tobacco and targeted the tobacco PR‐5 protein NtPR5 to suppress plant defence for further infection. In summary, our study revealed a fungal virulence strategy in which F. oxysporum secrete effectors that interfere with plant immunity by binding to the PR‐5 protein of the host plant and inhibiting its biological activity, thereby promoting fungal infection.
Couple affection exchange profiles and marital quality in Chinese couples
Authors: Chen Ziyuan , Tong Wei , Li Qingyin , He Qiong , Ma Shanshan , Fang Xiaoyi
Published: October 2024

Affection plays a crucial role in romantic relationships, as individuals exchange affection with each other to build and maintain relationships. This study applied affection exchange theory (AET) to examine affection exchange patterns within marital dyads, employing couple‐centered approaches. The aim was to identify different types of couple affection exchange profiles based on both partners' affection given and received. The sample consisted of 668 Chinese heterosexual couples. Additionally, this study explored the association between couple affection exchange profiles and marital quality. Through latent profile analysis, three distinct profiles were identified: reserved (47.1%), invisible (10.5%), and highly affectionate (42.4%). Further between‐profile comparisons regarding marital quality indicated that couples in the highly affectionate profile report the most satisfying marriages, whereas the invisible profile represents the least desirable outcome. The findings highlight the diverse nature of couple affection exchange and offer valuable insights for couple therapy interventions focused on affection.
The effect of photobiomodulation therapy on implant stability: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Arshad Mahnaz , Mazidi Yekta , Chiniforush Nasim , Shirvani Armin , Bassir Seyed Hossein
Published: October 2024

This study was designed to determine the effect of photobiomodulation therapy on dental implant stability. A complete systematic search was performed in PUBMED/MEDLINE, COCHRANE library databases, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases on articles published until June 2024. All the RCTs and CCTs reported the solo impact of photobiomodulation on dental implant stability in humans were included. The means and standard deviation for implant stability and sample size were extracted for the meta‐analysis. The statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 17 software, and random effect models were applied to assess the source of heterogeneity. The I2 statistic was used to estimate the significance of any discrepancies in the therapy result. After a full‐text inspection, 17 articles were qualified for systematic review, and 14 were included in the meta‐analysis. Statically significant differences in implant stability were observed between the laser and the control groups on weeks 2 in ISQ reporting groups (p = 0.01, CI 95%) and weeks 4 and 8 in PTV reporting groups (p < 0.001, CI 95%). Despite limitations, the study suggests that PBM therapy benefits patients with dental implants at different periods, particularly during the early phases of healing.
Linking brain–heart interactions to emotional arousal in immersive virtual reality
Authors: Fourcade A. , Klotzsche F. , Hofmann S. M. , Mariola A. , Nikulin V. V. , Villringer A. , Gaebler M.
Published: October 2024

The subjective experience of emotions is linked to the contextualized perception and appraisal of changes in bodily (e.g., heart) activity. Increased emotional arousal has been related to attenuated high‐frequency heart rate variability (HF‐HRV), lower EEG parieto‐occipital alpha power, and higher heartbeat‐evoked potential (HEP) amplitudes. We studied emotional arousal‐related brain–heart interactions using immersive virtual reality (VR) for naturalistic yet controlled emotion induction. Twenty‐nine healthy adults (13 women, age: 26 ± 3) completed a VR experience that included rollercoasters while EEG and ECG were recorded. Continuous emotional arousal ratings were collected during a video replay immediately after. We analyzed emotional arousal‐related changes in HF‐HRV as well as in BHIs using HEPs. Additionally, we used the oscillatory information in the ECG and the EEG to model the directional information flows between the brain and heart activity. We found that higher emotional arousal was associated with lower HEP amplitudes in a left fronto‐central electrode cluster. While parasympathetic modulation of the heart (HF‐HRV) and parieto‐occipital EEG alpha power were reduced during higher emotional arousal, there was no evidence for the hypothesized emotional arousal‐related changes in bidirectional information flow between them. Whole‐brain exploratory analyses in additional EEG (delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma) and HRV (low‐frequency, LF, and HF) frequency bands revealed a temporo‐occipital cluster, in which higher emotional arousal was linked to decreased brain‐to‐heart (i.e., gamma→HF‐HRV) and increased heart‐to‐brain (i.e., LF‐HRV → gamma) information flow. Our results confirm previous findings from less naturalistic experiments and suggest a link between emotional arousal and brain–heart interactions in temporo‐occipital gamma power.
Influence of free and microencapsulated recombinant rabbit nerve growth factor with chitosan on rabbit sperm quality parameters
Authors: Gimeno‐Martos Silvia , Bosa Luigia , Lorenzo Pedro Luis , Arias‐Alvarez María , Castellini Cesare , García‐Rebollar Pilar , García‐García Rosa María
Published: October 2024

β‐nerve growth factor (βNGF) plays a crucial role in reproductive physiology and sperm quality. Enzymatic activity of seminal plasma and vaginal fluids reduces available βNGF and it has been demonstrated that chitosan microspheres could protect rrβNGF from degradation. This study examined the effects of microencapsulated rrbNGF with chitosan on rabbit sperm viability, motility and capacitation status. Results showed that 0.5 and 1 μg/mL of microencapsulated rrβNGF, as well as free rrβNGF or empty microspheres, did not adversely affect sperm viability or total motility after 2 h of incubation. However, the highest progressivity kinetic parameters were observed with 1 μg/mL free rrβNGF, while the highest curvilinear velocity (VCL) occurred with 0.5 μg/mL microencapsulated rrβNGF. Empty chitosan microspheres did not induce acrosome reaction (AR), but both concentrations of free and rrβNGFch favoured AR during in vitro incubation. The study suggests that using chitosan spheres did not show any adverse effects on sperm traits, unlike free rβNGF and rrβNGFch promoted capacitation and AR. Further research is needed to explore the potential of rrβNGFch in modifying in vitro capacitation and inducing ovulation during artificial insemination.
Why choose the rabbit to work in reproductive technology?
Authors: Marco‐Jiménez Francisco , Viudes‐de‐Castro María Pilar , Vicente José Salvador
Published: October 2024

Rabbits have played a significant role in both livestock production and the advancement of reproductive scientific research. Their unique biological traits, including induced ovulation and a reproductive process that closely mirrors that of humans, have been pivotal in their use as a model. Moreover, their body size is perfectly aligned with the 3Rs principles: Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement. Consequently, techniques for gamete collection and embryo recovery, followed by their use in artificial insemination or embryo transfer, are characterized by being minimally invasive. However, refining in vitro fertilization and embryo culture techniques continues to present challenges. The incorporation of cutting‐edge genomic editing tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9, has reestablished rabbits as essential models in genetic and biomedical research, driving scientific progress. This review aims to describe the most effective reproductive biotechnologies for both male and female rabbits and how these methodologies are in line with the 3Rs principles—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—highlighting their significance in conducting ethical research.
Enhancing felid conservation: Exploring the impact of in vitro culture media on domestic cat blastocyst production
Authors: Munoz‐Maceda Ana , Priego‐Gonzalez Andrea , Núñez‐Puente Carolina , Rizos Dimitrios , Cerdeira‐Lozano Joaquín , Sanchez‐Rodriguez Ana , Roldan Eduardo R. S. , Sánchez‐Calabuig Maria Jesus
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the optimization of assisted reproductive techniques for wild felid conservation, focusing on in vitro procedures using the domestic cat as a model species. The research evaluated the impact of three different in vitro culture media on blastocyst formation. Oocytes and spermatozoa were collected and processed, followed by in vitro fertilization and culture. Results returned a similar blastocyst rate (ANOVA, p > .05), over 16% across all groups. While demonstrating the potential of these techniques, further investigations are warranted to evaluate embryo quality to refine optimal protocols and their applicability in felid conservation efforts.
In vitro exposure of porcine sperm to functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Garrappa Gabriela , Martínez‐López Cristina , Jiménez‐Movilla María , García‐Vázquez Francisco A.
Published: October 2024

Nanotechnology and its applications have advanced significantly in recent decades, contributing to various fields, including reproduction. This study introduces a novel method to label porcine oocytes with nanoparticles (NPs) bound to oviductin (OVGP1, Ov) for use in Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ARTs). Despite promising developments, concerns about NP toxicity in gametes necessitate thorough investigation. This research aims to assess the impact of functionalized NPs (NPOv) on sperm functionality. Boar sperm were co‐incubated with NPOv for 0, 0.5 and 1 h in two media: BTS (semen dilution and conservation) and TALP (sperm capacitation and in vitro fertilization‐IVF). Sperm quality parameters (viability, motility and kinematics) showed no significant differences in TALP medium (p > .05). In BTS, although some kinetic parameters were altered, motility, progressive motility and viability remained unaffected (p > .05). Additionally, NPs presence on the zona pellucida (ZP) of oocytes did not affect sperm attachment (p > .05). In conclusion, in vitro exposure of boar sperm to OVGP1‐functionalized NPs in IVF medium or attached to the ZP surface of matured oocytes does not impair sperm functionality, including their binding ability to the ZP.
TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 mRNA expression in different grades of histopathological lesions of equine endometrium from follicular phase
Authors: Cerveira‐Pinto Marta , Wójtowicz Anna , Pires Maria Anjos , Kordowitzki Pawel , Skarzynski Dariusz , Ferreira‐Dias Graça , Szóstek‐Mioduchowska Anna , Amaral Ana
Published: October 2024

Increased synthesis and deposition of collagen (COL) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of equine endometrium contributes to endometrosis. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are transmembrane receptors involved in the innate immune response, recognized for their role in antigen recognition and previously associated with equine endometritis. The TLRs not only recognize pathogen‐associated molecular patterns but also regulate inflammations, fibrosis and cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between TLR expression at different stages of Kenney and Doig's (K‐D) grading and COL1 expression during the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle. Forty samples of endometrial tissues were collected post‐mortem from mares on the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle (10 samples of each K‐D category). Relative mRNA transcription of TLR‐2, TLR‐4 and COL1A2 genes was assessed using qPCR, and COL1 protein expression by Western blot analysis. The COL1A2 transcription increased in category IIB when compared to categories I, IIA and III endometria (p < .01). The relative protein abundance of COL1 showed no significant differences between endometrial categories (p > .05). As for the TLRs mRNA transcription, TLR‐2/‐4 transcripts increased in IIA when compared to the other K‐D endometria categories (p < .05). Our findings suggest that TLRs may be involved in the initiation of the endometrial inflammatory response. Additional studies are needed to explore TLRs' potential role as diagnostic markers for monitoring inflammation progression and fibrosis development, as well as their involvement in the mechanisms underlying fibrotic pathways.
Advanced assisted reproduction technologies in endangered mammalian species
Authors: Hildebrandt Thomas Bernd , Holtze Susanne
Published: October 2024

A new synergistic approach of classical conservation strategies combined with advanced assisted reproduction technologies (aART) allows for protection and rescue of endangered keystone species at the brink of extinction, which can help to safeguard complex ecosystems. Reproduction biology and management in mammal species is not only challenging in regards to their diverging sizes, anatomy, and often unknown physiology; it also requires customized training or chemical restraint protocols for safe handling. Besides these general challenges, there are several new assisted reproduction techniques (ART) specifically tailored to critically endangered mammals. The current portfolio of ART in these mammalian taxa is ranging from sexual cycle characterization and manipulation, semen collection and cryopreservation, artificial insemination, biobanking of living cells, oocyte collection, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and embryo production, embryo transfer as well as stem cell‐derived in vitro gametogenesis for generating gametes in culture. The article covers advanced assisted reproduction technologies (aART), success and challenges, as well as ethical implications.
Self‐Concept in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia due to Alzheimer's Disease Is Affected on Tests of Self‐Generated Statements
Authors: Vogel Asmus , Bruus Anna Elise , Waldemar Gunhild
Published: October 2024

Several studies show that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurocognitive disorders have a negative impact on the self and identity formation. Most studies have included persons with mild to moderate dementia, but how AD patients in the earliest phases retrieve information about themselves has only been studied scarcely. The aim of this study was to investigate if persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild AD would generate fewer self‐related statements than healthy controls. From a memory clinic, we included 17 aMCI patients, 17 patients with mild dementia (AD; MMSE ≥ 24), and 30 healthy controls. Three Events Test and Twenty Statements Test (TST) were applied to all participants. The persons with mild dementia gave significantly fewer statements compared to the controls (p < 0.001) and the aMCI patients (p < 0.01) on TST. Fewer statements were also produced by the aMCI patients compared to the control participants (p < 0.05). Persons from both patient groups produced significantly fewer contextual details compared to the controls on the Three Events Tests. There were significant associations to lexical fluency for both the TST and Three Events Test, but only a limited amount of variance was explained, and the results cannot be explained solely by a fluency effect. The results from this study are in accordance with findings from previous studies demonstrating that mild AD leads to a decline in both autobiographical memories and a diminished sense of self. Further, this study shows that changes in self‐concept may occur even in the earliest clinical stages of AD.
Climate geographies and geographies of knowledge
Authors: Owens Susan
Published: October 2024

Focusing on ‘Geographies of Knowledge’, this Commentary explores interactions between knowledge about climate change and the evolving multi‐level governance of climate. Three vignettes illustrate the complexity of this relationship. The first shows how expert advice, combined with other factors, persuaded the UK government to adopt an ambitious, long‐term emissions reduction target in the early 2000s. The second considers the ‘2°C target’ (latterly 1.5°C) to limit rises in global mean temperature, variously seen as essential, unachievable or symbolic. The third turns to geoengineering and its governance. All three demonstrate the significance of epistemic, political and discursive factors, as these intertwine and play out across different sites, scales and levels of governance.
FDI and product and process innovation of SMEs in Vietnam: The role of institutions
Authors: Nguyen Minh Ngoc , Sun Sizhong , Welters Riccardo
Published: October 2024

Conceptually, institutional arrangements in the host economy are likely to moderate the effect of inward FDI on domestic firms' product and process innovation, which is however not well explored empirically. Filling the gap, this research investigates how such FDI impacts are contingent upon local institutional arrangements, using survey data of 2690 manufacturing SMEs in Vietnam in 2011, 2013 and 2015. We find that institutional quality exerts positive moderating effects on FDI spillovers. That is, higher institutional quality leads to a higher marginal effect of FDI presence on the innovation performance of domestic SMEs. The moderating effects are stronger for developed‐country FDI than for developing‐country FDI. We also distinguish different institutional components and find that seven out of nine institutional sub‐indices have significant moderating effects, of which the control of corruption is the most important factor in promoting FDI spillovers, whilst the effects of business support and labour training policies are negligible.
Long‐term clinical outcomes and retrieval analysis of a cementless total knee replacement in a dog
Authors: Fracka Agnieszka B. , Allen Matthew J. , Dejardin Loic M.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of the study was to describe long‐term outcomes and report post‐retrieval implant analysis following cementless total knee replacement (TKR) in a dog.

Animal

A seven‐year‐old, male neutered, Labrador retriever.

Methods

The dog presented for evaluation of chronic left pelvic limb lameness. Orthopedic examination identified bilateral cranial drawer and medial buttress. Radiographs revealed severe bilateral osteoarthritis with moderate joint effusion/synovial hypertrophy. Given the end‐stage osteoarthritis, TKR was considered more appropriate than tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). The dog underwent a left cementless TKR.

Results

Immediate postoperative radiographs showed appropriate implant positioning. Moderate left pelvic limb lameness with full, pain free and stable stifle range of motion (ROM) was documented at 2 weeks. Increased left hindlimb weight‐bearing with a peak vertical force of 70% bodyweight (BW) versus 50% BW on the contralateral leg was reported at 6 weeks. Radiographs showed good implant osseointegration. Left stifle ROM was 50°/170°, a 30° increase compared to preoperative values. Additional rechecks at 14 and 30 weeks showed gradual improvement in stifle ROM and weight‐bearing. The dog was euthanized 6 years after surgery for reasons unrelated to TKR. Radiographs demonstrated static implant position without signs of osteolysis and gross examination revealed mild polyethylene wear on the caudal aspects of the tibial insert. Histological evaluation of the implant‐bone interface showed extensive and robust osseointegration.

Conclusion

This case demonstrates that cementless TKR can be associated with excellent clinical function over the course of at least 6 years and suggests that early surgical intervention could be considered.
Enhancing Mechanical Reliability of Silver-Sintered Joints With Copper Nanowires in High-Power Electronic Devices
Authors: Garcia Alicia Medina , Harris John , Huitink David R.
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the mechanical reliability of silver-sintered die attachment under harsh operating conditions and explored the advantages of adding copper nanowires (NWs) to improve the bond's mechanical properties. Samples were prepared using a template-assisted electrochemical deposition process to coat the substrate surface with copper nanowires and were subjected to thermal aging at various temperatures to assess their mechanical reliability. Results showed that the incorporation of copper nanowires in the substrate interface significantly reduced degradation in shear strength as a result of thermal aging, acting as mechanical reinforcement and improving the interfacial resilience against mechanical shear stress. The addition of copper nanowires also reduced the void formation in the thermal aging, resulting in a more robust and reliable bond. The study demonstrates the potential of using copper nanowires as a reinforcing agent to enhance the mechanical properties of silver-sintered die attachment, particularly for high-temperature applications.
Early Quality Prediction of Complex Double-Walled Hollow Turbine Blades Based on Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Dong Yiwei , Gong Yuhan , Bo Xu , Tan Zhiyong
Published: October 2024

The precision in forming complex double-walled hollow turbine blades significantly influences their cooling efficiency, making the selection of appropriate casting process parameters critical for achieving fine-casting blade formation. However, the high cost associated with real blade casting necessitates strategies to enhance product formation rates and mitigate cost losses stemming from the overshoot phenomenon. We propose a machine learning (ML) data-driven framework leveraging an enhanced whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to estimate product formation under diverse process conditions to address this challenge. Complex double-walled hollow turbine blades serve as a representative case within our proposed framework. We constructed a database using simulation data, employed feature engineering to identify crucial features and streamline inputs, and utilized a whale optimization algorithm-back-propagation neural network (WOA-BP) as the foundational ML model. To enhance WOA-BP’s performance, we introduce an optimization algorithm, the improved chaos whale optimization-back-propagation (ICWOA-BP), incorporating cubic chaotic mapping adaptation. Experimental evaluation of ICWOA-BP demonstrated an average mean absolute error of 0.001995 mm, reflecting a 36.21% reduction in prediction error compared to conventional models, as well as two well-known optimization algorithms (particle swarm optimization (PSO), quantum-based avian navigation optimizer algorithm (QANA)). Consequently, ICWOA-BP emerges as an effective tool for early prediction of dimensional quality in complex double-walled hollow turbine blades.
Rethinking Loss of Available Work and Gouy–Stodola Theorem
Authors: Tu Yaodong , Chen Gang
Published: October 2024

Exergy represents the maximum useful work possible when a system at a specific state reaches equilibrium with the environmental dead state at temperature To. Correspondingly, the exergy difference between two states is the maximum work output when the system changes from one state to the other, assuming that during the processes, the system exchanges heat reversibly with the environment. If the process involves irreversibility, the Guoy–Stodola theorem states that the exergy destruction equals the entropy generated during the process multiplied by To. The exergy concept and the Gouy–Stodola theorem are often used to optimize processes or systems, even when they are not directly connected to the environment. In the past, questions have been raised on if To is the proper temperature to use in calculating the exergy destruction. Here, we start from the first and the second laws of thermodynamics to unambiguously show that the useful energy loss (UEL) of a system or process should equal to the entropy generation multiplied by an equivalent temperature associated with the entropy rejected out of the entire system. For many engineering systems and processes, this entropy rejection temperature can be easily calculated as the ratio of the changes of the enthalpy and entropy of the fluid stream carrying the entropy out, which we call the state-change temperature. The UEL is unambiguous and independent of the environmental dead state, and it should be used for system optimization rather than the exergy destruction. This work casts doubt on the usefulness of the exergy concept for engineering systems.
Deep Analogical Generative Design and Evaluation: Integration of Stable Diffusion and LoRA
Authors: Chen Yumiao , Ruan Huanhuan
Published: October 2024

The rapid evolution of generative design through artificial intelligence has opened new avenues for innovative product styling. Integrating this efficient generative technology with established professional theories presents a novel challenge in contemporary international design research. In response to this challenge, this article introduces a pioneering and collaborative approach for the swift generation of automobile styling designs. The primary objective is to investigate an intelligent generation method that incorporates analogical reasoning and Stable Diffusion to support industrial designers in innovating product styling. This study scrutinizes traditional analogical reasoning design alongside the intelligent analogical reasoning design proposed herein, elucidating the distinctions through multidimensional comparisons using illustrative examples. The proposed methodological framework encompasses several key steps. Initially, a dataset comprising branded automobile images is meticulously constructed. Subsequently, an exclusive style model is trained leveraging Stable Diffusion techniques, coupled with advanced computer graphics and machine learning methodologies. Following this, design requirements are inputted, facilitating intelligent analogical reasoning design across multiple spatial dimensions to yield diverse and innovative automobile styling solutions. Finally, eye-tracking experiments are conducted to quantitatively compare the traditional analogical reasoning design approach with the Stable Diffusion-based analogical reasoning design method. The results substantiate that the latter effectively generates innovative and diversified automobile design solutions. This research contributes to enhancing the quality of automobile styling design, optimizing the design efficiency of enterprises, and catalyzing innovation in the automobile styling design process.
Investigating the High Temperature Tribological Efficacy of AlCoCrFeNiTi High Entropy Alloy Coating
Authors: Kumar Himanshu , Manikandan S. G. K. , Kamaraj M. , Goel Saurav , Shiva S.
Published: October 2024

The current work elucidates the tribological behavior of thermally sprayed AlCoCrFeNiTi high entropy alloy coatings under various temperatures of 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C. Typically, most metallic alloys demonstrate softening and an increased wear-rate when exposed to extreme temperatures under loaded weight. The atmospheric plasma sprayed high entropy alloy coating exhibited minimal wear mass loss at high temperatures. The data analysis reveals the development of a tribolayer that facilitates a reduced mass loss of 15.34% in the alloy at 600 °C. The examination of the wear scars under field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis reveals the presence of an adhesive layer, wear debris, craters, and scratches. The existence of different types of oxides on the abraded surfaces was confirmed by the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results support the effectiveness of AlCoCrFeNiTi alloy coatings in enhancing wear resistance under extreme conditions.
An Anti-Erosion Cylindrical Surface Incorporating Two Bionic Elements
Authors: Yu Haiyue , Sun Kaixin , Shao Leitong , Zhang Junqiu , Han Zhiwu
Published: October 2024

Erosion is an inevitable and persistent form of wear, which predominantly occurs on curved surfaces within the realm of fluid machinery. To address this issue, we have developed a novel model incorporating two bionic elements, namely bionic arrangement and bionic morphology, and applied it to explore the erosion resistance of cylindrical surfaces. Specifically, the bionic arrangement is inspired by the phyllotaxis arrangement observed in plants, while the bionic morphology involves the incorporation of convex unit morphology found in desert organisms. Employing a comprehensive approach encompassing erosion testing and numerical analysis, we established two comparative test groups that differed in terms of arrangement and distribution density. This comprehensive analysis sheds light on the erosion resistance mechanism inherent in the combined bionic model. The findings of this study hold significant theoretical implications for the advancement of bionic anti-erosion technology and its practical applications in engineering.
Static Characteristics of Hybrid Water-Lubricated Herringbone Groove Journal Bearing
Authors: Xu Ge , Jiang Shuyun , Zhang Chibin , Lin Xiaohui
Published: October 2024

The hydrodynamic herringbone groove journal bearing (HGJB) performs exceptionally well at high speeds but is limited by a low load-carrying capacity, largely due to the lubrication characteristics of water. To address this issue, a hybrid water-lubricated HGJB is proposed in this study. A lubrication model for the high-speed hybrid water-lubricated HGJB is developed, taking into account turbulence, thermal effects, and tilt. A comparative analysis of the static characteristics is conducted between the hybrid HGJB and both the hydrodynamic HGJB and the hybrid plain journal bearing (PJB). The results show that the proposed hybrid water-lubricated HGJB offers significantly greater load-carrying capacity than the conventional hydrodynamic HGJB, particularly during start-up or at low speeds. For example, when the bearing operates at 1000 rpm with an eccentricity ratio of 0.5, the load-carrying capacity of the water-lubricated hybrid HGJB under a supply pressure of 1.6 MPa reaches 650 N, compared to just 261 N for the water-lubricated hydrodynamic HGJB. Additionally, the hybrid water-lubricated HGJB demonstrates a higher flowrate and lower temperature rise than the traditional hybrid PJB, thanks to the improved pumping effect of the herringbone grooves at high speeds.
Analysis of silver metal with a Thermo Scientific K-Alpha XPS instrument at 50 and 200 eV pass energies
Authors: Kulbacki Braxton J. , Jafari Samira , Dean Annika M. , Ko Steven , Linford Matthew R. , Major George H.
Published: October 2024

Silver metal was analyzed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using a Thermo Scientific K-Alpha instrument with an Al Kα x-ray source (1486.6 eV). The silver survey spectrum and high-resolution Ag 3d, Ag M4N45N45, Ag M5N45N45, Ag 3p, O 1s, C 1s, Ar 2p, Ag 4p, and Ag 4s narrow scans were obtained. The sample analyzed is the standard instrument calibration silver foil mounted inside the analysis chamber of the K-Alpha. Sputtering with monoatomic Ar+ was performed prior to analysis to remove surface contamination. Narrow and survey scans were collected at 50 and 200 eV pass energy, respectively.
HAXPES reference spectra of BaF2 with Cr Kα excitation
Authors: Zheng Dong , Young Christopher N. , Stickle William F.
Published: October 2024

Monochromatic Cr Kα radiation (5414.8 eV) has been used to acquire XPS and Auger data on a barium fluoride sample. Survey data, high-resolution scans of all observed photoelectron peaks, and high-resolution scans of Auger lines are presented herein.
Spectral weighting functions for localization of complex sound. III. The effect of sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Folkerts Monica L. , Picou Erin M. , Stecker G. Christopher
Published: October 2024

Spectral weighting functions for sound localization were measured in participants with bilateral mild sloping to moderately severe, high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and compared to normal hearing (NH) participants with and without simulated SNHL. Each participant group localized three types of complex tones, comprised of seven frequency components spatially jittered and presented from the horizontal frontal field. A threshold-elevating noise masker was implemented in the free field to simulate SNHL for participants with NH. On average, participants with SNHL and NH (in quiet and simulated SNHL) placed the greatest perceptual weight on components within the interaural time difference “dominance region,” found previously to peak around 800 Hz [Folkerts and Stecker, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 151, 3409–3425 (2022)]. In addition to the peak at 800 Hz, both participant groups (including NH participants in quiet) placed near equal weight on 400 Hz, resulting in a broadened “peak” in the dominance region, most likely due to the reduction of audibility to higher frequency components. However, individual weighting strategies were more variable across participants with SNHL than participants with NH. Localization performance was reduced for participants with SNHL but not for NH participants with simulated hearing loss when compared to NH participants in quiet.