bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-treatment of tannery wastewater using pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (polishing)
Authors: Alemu Tadesse , Mekonnen Andualem , Leta Seyoum
Published: December 2017

In the present study, a pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (CW) system planted with Phragmites karka; longitudinal profile was studied. The wetland was fed with tannery wastewater, pretreated in a two-stage anaerobic digester followed by a sequence batch reactor. Samples from each CW were taken and analyzed using standard methods. The removal efficiency of the CW system in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Cr and total coliforms were 91.3%, 90%, 97.3% and 99%, respectively. The removal efficiency for TN, NO3− and NH4+-N were 77.7%, 66.3% and 67.7%, respectively. Similarly, the removal efficiency of SO42−, S2− and total suspended solids (TSS) were 71.8%, 88.7% and 81.2%, respectively. The concentration of COD, BOD, TN, NO3−N, NH4+-N, SO42 and S2− in the final treated effluent were 113.2 ± 52, 56 ± 18, 49.3 ± 13, 22.75 ± 20, 17.1 ± 6.75, 88 ± 120 and 0.4 ± 0.44 mg/L, respectively. Pollutants removal was decreased in the first 12 m and increased along the CW cells. P. karka development in the first cell of CW was poor, small in size and experiencing chlorosis, but clogging was higher in this area due to high organic matter settling, causing a partial surface flow. The performance of the pilot CW as a tertiary treatment showed that the effluent meets the permissible discharge standards.
Biodegradation and toxicity of melamine at high activated sludge concentrations in a membrane bioreactor
Authors: Xu Shengnan , Sun Minghao , Thompson Allen , Hu Zhiqiang
Published: December 2017

Melamine is recalcitrant and toxic to bacteria in conventional activated sludge systems. In this study, we investigated the degradation and toxicity of melamine in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system operated at high activated sludge concentrations (∼8.5 g TSS/L). Melamine was dosed at 3 mg/L for about 100 days. The average melamine removal efficiency in the MBR system was 20 ± 11%. Meanwhile, batch studies showed the acclimated sludge from the MBR had higher removal efficiencies after the depletion of readily biodegradable substrate (acetate) while non-acclimated sludge did not remove any melamine. As acclimated sludge had removal efficiencies ranging from 33 ± 6% (by 1.7 g TSS/L biomass) to 41 ± 10% (by 8.5 g TSS/L biomass), microbial specialists with unique hydrolytic enzymes in the acclimated sludge were likely responsible for melamine degradation. Since bacteria prefer to use readily biodegradable substrates for growth in the MBR, the population of microbial specialists capable of degrading melamine or the capability of cometabolism appeared not to increase with an increase in biomass concentration. Nevertheless, because of high sludge concentrations and thus low mass ratio of toxic melamine to biomass in the MBR, the long-term melamine exposure did not affect MBR activated sludge performance.
O DESCOMPASSO ENTRE A REALIDADE MIDIÁTICA E A REALIDADE PROCESSUAL E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES PARA O JULGAMENTO CRIMINAL JUSTO
Authors: Galvão Almeida Luanny
Published: December 2017

Abordar-se-á aspectos relacionados à realidade dos fatos trazidos pela mídia ao julgamento criminal, ao qual tem importante papel na sociedade, quanto à fiscalização, publicidade das informações, como também, a sua interferência para a construção de uma realidade irreal, através da espetacularização dos fatos. A partir de um método dedutivo, tem o intuito de analisar, a influência desta na construção da realidade, através de uma abordagem com uso de casos concretos, mostrando a dissonância existente entre a realidade dos fatos e a realidade midiática. A realização desta pesquisa possui um objetivo descritivo, por meio do uso de um objeto bibliográfico.
Escolhas na adolescência: implicações contemporâneas dos grupos sociais e da família
Authors: Niemeyer da Rocha Fátima , Ribeiro Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2017

As teorias psicológicas tradicionais enfatizam a adolescência como uma fase natural do desenvolvimento, com problemas e conflitos próprios à natureza humana. Tal concepção é contestada, por exemplo, por Lev Vygotsky, que considera o processo histórico-social vivido pelo indivíduo influindo diretamente na adolescência, pelas modificações introduzidas na sociedade. A partir do senso comum são assimiladas, sem que haja qualquer crítica pessoal, supostas “verdades”, construídas ao longo do tempo, como a crença de que a adolescência é uma fase na qual ocorrem inquietações e arroubos desproporcionais. Estas “verdades” em nada auxiliam o adolescente na superação das dificuldades e mudanças que experimenta, tanto no âmbito biológico, como no social e no psicológico, e em suas escolhas, a partir das suas relações com a família e com os grupos sociais, para que sua subjetivação ocorra e avance rumo à idade adulta. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo de revisão da literatura especializada no tema buscou melhor entender a influência da família e dos grupos sociais nos projetos de vida do adolescente, objetivando uma compreensão da adolescência que superasse a visão liberal, naturalista, biologizante e patologizante, que faz com que muitos adultos, e também o próprio adolescente, tenham uma concepção reducionista acerca dessa importante etapa do desenvolvimento humano. Percebeu-se que é possível superar o pensamento determinista sobre o desenvolvimento adolescente, posta a ampla possibilidade de aprendizado a partir das relações que este estabelece com a sociedade, com seus conteúdos historicamente construídos.
Computerized Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (cCBT) for Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) (Preprint)
Authors: Ren Zhihong , Ma Gloria Xiaocheng , Franken Ingmar H.A. , Heiden Colin Van Der , Hoyt William T. , Zhao Lingbo
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Computerized cognitive-behavioral therapy (cCBT) was developed to make treatment for Social anxiety disorder (SAD) patients more easily available.

OBJECTIVE

The present article aims to evaluate the efficacy of cCBT on SAD and investigate the important features of cCBT for effective and safe self-guided interventions.

METHODS

The present study employs a systematic review and meta-analysis to measure the efficacy of computerized interventions for SAD.

RESULTS

Based on 30 studies, we systematically reviewed and described computerized cognitive-behavioral therapy (cCBT) studies on SAD, with attention to the literature characteristics, therapists’ support, intervention modules, drop-out rates, satisfaction rates, and limitations. Furthermore, the current research used a meta-analysis of RCTs to assess the efficacy of cCBT for SAD. For this purpose, 18 articles were included. Random-effects model showed that cCBT treatments for SAD had a greater effect size than waiting-list conditions (g = .96 [95% CI, .55 - 1.37], k = 14, z = 4.57, P < .001), but the Trial Sequential Analysis (TSA) indicated the current evidence was insufficient to be regarded as conclusive. Compared to other treatment conditions (such as traditional CBT), cCBT showed an equal efficacy (g = .17 [95% CI, -.004 - .39], k = 5, z = 1.91, P = .056). Moreover, when comparing the cCBT group with the waiting-list group, the subgroup analysis also found that the effect size of cCBT for SAD was larger in two conditions. Firstly, the treatment efficacy of cCBT on SAD with therapist support was higher than that without therapist support (Q = 7.91, P =.005). Secondly, the effect size of cCBT on SAD for the general population (recruited from mass media) was significantly larger than that for specific population (referred from therapists) (Q = 5.04, P = .025).

CONCLUSIONS

cCBT is an efficacious treatment for SAD that could play a role in SAD treatment beyond traditional psychological interventions. An option could be to implement cCBT before the regular SAD treatment, which might function as an initial self-help intervention for stepped care in situations when participants need to wait for a long time to get the traditional therapy treatment.
Improving Internal Medicine Residents� Colorectal Cancer Screening Knowledge Using a Smartphone App: Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Khan Zubair , Darr Umar , Khan Muhammad Ali , Nawras Mohamad , Khalil Basmah , Abdel-Aziz Yousef , Alastal Yaseen , Barnett William , Sodeman Thomas , Nawras Ali
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. About one in three adults in the United States is not getting the CRC screening as recommended. Internal medicine residents are deficient in CRC screening knowledge.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to assess the improvement in internal medicine residents’ CRC screening knowledge via a pilot approach using a smartphone app.

METHODS

We designed a questionnaire based on the CRC screening guidelines of the American Cancer Society, American College of Gastroenterology, and US Preventive Services Task Force. We emailed the questionnaire via a SurveyMonkey link to all the residents of an internal medicine department to assess their knowledge of CRC screening guidelines. Then we designed an educational intervention in the form of a smartphone app containing all the knowledge about the CRC screening guidelines. The residents were introduced to the app and asked to download it onto their smartphones. We repeated the survey to test for changes in the residents’ knowledge after publication of the smartphone app and compared the responses with the previous survey. We applied the Pearson chi-square test and the Fisher exact test to look for statistical significance.

RESULTS

A total of 50 residents completed the first survey and 41 completed the second survey after publication of the app. Areas of CRC screening that showed statistically significant improvement (P<.05) were age at which CRC screening was started in African Americans, preventive tests being ordered first, identification of CRC screening tests, identification of preventive and detection methods, following up positive tests with colonoscopy, follow-up after colonoscopy findings, and CRC surveillance in diseases.

CONCLUSIONS

In this modern era of smartphones and gadgets, developing a smartphone-based app or educational tool is a novel idea and can help improve residents’ knowledge about CRC screening.
Responding to Unsolicited Medical Requests from Health Care Professionals on Pharmaceutical Industry-Owned Social Media Sites: Three Pilot Studies (Preprint)
Authors: TenBarge Andrea M , Riggins Jennifer L
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND

The use of social media has risen tremendously over the past decade with usage rates spanning from 5% American adults in 2005 up to 69% in 2016. A 2011 survey of 4033 clinicians found that 65% physicians use social media for professional purposes. To meet the changing needs and preferences of their customers, medical information departments within the pharmaceutical industry must continue to assess new digital channels such as social media and evolve their medical information services.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study was to pilot the use of social media as an additional channel to respond to unsolicited medical requests from health care professionals (HCP RUR) directed toward the pharmaceutical industry.

METHODS

From November 2016 to June 2017, 3 pilots were conducted during 3 professional congresses: the 2016 American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting, the 2017 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting, and the 2017 American Headache Society Annual Scientific Meeting. For each social media account, an identified community manager monitored the incoming account feed for proper triaging of posts. When an unsolicited medical request appeared, the community manager routed the question to the Tier One medical information contact center agents to respond. The following metrics were collected: total number of unsolicited requests directed to medical information contact center agents, total number of unsolicited requests that required escalation to Tier Two medical information associates, total number of unsolicited requests that were confirmed US HCPs, total number of unsolicited requests received after hours, and total number of unsolicited requests that were redirected to a different channel.

RESULTS

During the 3 pilots, 9 unsolicited medical requests were received with request numbers ranging from 2 to 4 requests per pilot. Of these, 1 was from a confirmed US HCP that required escalation to the Tier Two medical information associates. A majority of requests (7 out of 9) came in after the scheduled monitoring hours. There were 4 requests redirected to the medical information contact center phone number. The marketing accounts received more unsolicited medical requests than the corporate accounts (7 vs 2, respectively), and the 3 Twitter accounts saw more overall engagement (ie, medical requests and other general engagement) than the LinkedIn account.

CONCLUSIONS

A limited number of medical questions were asked by confirmed HCPs using social media during the 3 pilots. New innovative medical information contact center channels often take time to build awareness. Continued channel awareness is needed to fully understand the channel’s desired use. Because consumers currently make up a majority of social media engagement, companies should look into creating a combined consumer and HCP RUR strategy to provide a better experience for all customers.
Penerapan Sistem Klasifikasi Perpustakaan Arkeologi di Perpustakaan Balai Arkeologi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Saputro Bayu Indra
Published: December 2017

Organizing library materials in libraries can not be separated from the implementation of the classification system used as the class determination until the alignment of the collection on the shelves will make it easier for librarians and librarians to search / retrieve the collection in the library. Application of Sistem Klasifikasi Perpustakaan Arkeologi (SPKA) in the library of Balai Arkeologi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta has been conducted since 1994. For this reason, the authors try to conduct research on the application of the classification system using descriptive method with qualitative approach. In the research, there were some constraints that is, overlapping major classes, improper subclass division, classification inconsistencies, the emergence of new classification numbers, inaccurate primary class changes, and the disappearance of several subclasses in the application of the classification system. All of these can be overcome if classifer is able to classify library materials consistently on the charts of the Sistem Klasifikasi Perpustakaan Arkeologi that has been agreed upon. Furthermore, in order to cope with the development of archeological sciences requires the application of the new Sistem Klasifikasi Perpustakaan Arkeologi chart.
Produktivitas Penulis Artikel Majalah Ilmiah Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada Menggunakan Dalil Lotka
Authors: Irianti Pergola
Published: December 2017

Study of authors productivity use Lotka’s Law has been done, there are some field of science that is physics, chemistry, library and information, social science and politics. The same study in the field of  psychology, has not been done in Indonesia. Therefore this study aims to: (1)  determine the productivity of authors of psychology, especially in the publication of scientific psychology published by the Fakultas Psikologi UGM, using the law of Lotka; (2) know the author who is productive in the two publications.  This study uses a bibliometric approach, which is analized quantitatively using Lotka’s law. The results show that:  (1) Authors productivity of Jurnal Psikologi by involving first writer (straight count) according to Lotka's law, that is Dmaks < critical point value. Conversely, if the calculation is done by involving all the authors (complete count) the results obtained are not in accordance with the  Lotka’s law, because Dmax > critical point value. (2) Productivity of the author of Buletin Psikologi  by involving the first author (straight count) the result shows that Dmax > the critical point value or not according to Lotka's law. Similarly, productivity by involving all authors is also inconsistent with Lotka's law because Dmax > the critical point. Other results indicate that Faturochman was the most prolific writer of the two scientific magazines.
Kolaborasi Internal, Domestik dan Internasional Serta Korelasinya dengan Sitasi yang Diperoleh: Analisis Publikasi UGM di Scopus
Authors: Maryono Maryono , Surajiman Surajiman
Published: December 2017

This research is motivated by the several new regulations on publication obligations in international journals for lecturers, doctoral students and researchers. The focus of analysis on collaboration aspects of UGM affiliated publications in Scopus from 1954 to 2016, using bibliometric and correlation methods. Several important findings were obtained. International collaboration received much more citation than any other collaboration and individual work. International collaboration received 22.431, with average of 11,8432. Internal collaboration is 2.072; 1,9328.  Domestic collaboration is 1.458, 1,4609. The individual works is 1.014; 3,6344. The country's largest citation producer collaborator is Japan, some 5.242, with average of 12,31.  Followed by USA 4.50; 26,49. Then the Netherlands 4.057, 18, 69.  Individual publications are not correlated with the citation obtained, while the publication of the collaborative works are all positively correlated. International collaboration is expected to have a perfect correlation of +1 by the end of the decade 2010-2019.
Meningkatkan Ketahanan Wilayah Melalui Estimasi Underreported Data Kejahatan Menggunakan Pendekatan Bayes
Authors: Johannes Herlin Venny , Padmadisastra Septiadi , Tantular Bertho
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper present a study for the number of crime that run into underreporting counts. The purpose of the analysis is to estimate parameter of the model which is the actual number of crime. The model is a mixture of the poisson and the binomial distributions developed by Winkelmann (1996). The parameters of the model are estimated by Bayesian approach and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation using Gibbs sampling algorithm. Determination the convergence of the algorithm using trace plot, autocorrelation plot and ergodic mean plot. In the end, estimator of the parameters of the underreported counts model are the simulation sample mean that calculated from the simulation sample of iteration after burn in period until the last iteration.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengkaji permodelan data tingkat kejahatan yang mengalami underreporting counts. Tujuan analisis ini adalah untuk menaksir parameter model yaitu banyaknya jumlah tindak kejahatan yang sebenarnya.  Model yang digunakan adalah hasil penggabungan antara distribusi poisson dan distribusi binomial yang dikembengkan oleh Winkelmann (1996). Penaksiran parameter model dilakukan melalui pendekatan bayes dan simulasi Markov Chain Monte Carlo menggunakan algoritma gibbs sampling. Penentuan konvergensi algoritma akan dilakukan melalui trace plot, autocorrelation plot, dan ergodic mean plot. Taksiran parameter model diperoleh dari rata-rata nilai sampel hasil simulasi yang dihitung dari iterasi setelah burn in period sampai dengan iterasi yang terakhir.
Penyakit Ginjal Kronis pada Anjing dan Kucing: Manajemen Terapi dan Diet
Authors: Yanuartono Yanuartono , Nururrozi Alfarisa , Indarjulianto Soedarmanto
Published: December 2017

Chronic kidney disease is a progressive impairment of renal function and irreversible. The kidneys fail to maintain metabolism and fluid and electrolyte balance, causing uremia. This disease is a common problem in old cats and dogs that not detected by the owners up to 75 % of kidney function is damaged. Clinical signs vary as polyuria, polidipsi, anorexia, vomiting, weight loss, pale mucous membranes, mouth ulceration, halitosis and acute blindness. Chronic renal failure is not curable so that the necessary medication management and proper diet in orderto improve the quality of life and prolong the life of the animal.
Gambaran Histopatologi Rumen dan Retikulum Sapi Bali Akibat Adanya Benda Asing
Authors: Depari Eldarya Envisari , Farhani Annas , Batan I Wayan , Kardena I Made
Published: December 2017

Rumen and reticulum hold an important role in the ruminant’s digestive tract. During the meal, Bali cattle accidentally ingest foreign objects because they can’t distinguish between foreign body object and feed. Cattles do not really chew food before swallowing. This study aims to determine the existence of a foreign body in the stomach and histopathological overview of Bali cattle rumen and reticulum due to a variety of foreign objects. This study used 10 samples of cattle Bali consisting of nine samples of rumen and reticulum contained foreign objects (plastic, metal, wood and stone) and one normal sample of the rumen and reticulum Bali cattle. Samples were obtained from Slaughter House at Mambal, Abian Semal District, Badung regency, Bali. Based on the results of research conducted on the rumen and reticulum Bali cattle, there are a variety of foreign objects such as plastic, metal, wood and stone. Histopathological changes in the mucosa of the rumen and reticulum form of inflammatory cell infiltration from mild to severe. Conclusions from this research that found a foreign body object in the rumen and reticulum Bali cattle, and foreign body objects cause tissue destruction.
Optimalisasi Waktu Pengomposan dan Kualitas Pupuk Kandang dari Kotoran Kambing dan Debu Sabut Kelapa dengan Bioaktivator PROMI dan Orgadec
Authors: Trivana Linda , Pradhana Adhitya Yudha
Published: December 2017

Animal manures can be used as organic fertilizer because the high nutrient content such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The nutrients are needed by plants and soil for fertility. One of the animal manuresthat can be used for organic fertilizer is goat manure. Goat manure is used as organic fertilizer it contains relatively more balanced nutrients than other natural fertilizer. In addition, the goat manure is mixed with the goat urine that alsocontains high nutrients. Coconut coir dust contains high potassium so that the addition of coconut coir dust in organic fertilizer will increase the potassium content (K) in organic fertilizer. The purpose of this research was to find out theinfluence of effective Orgadec and PROMI bioactivators on the optimal time of composting and the quality of the organic fertilizer. The organic fertilizer was analyzed to determine the content of N, P, K, organic-C, C/N ratio, watercontent, and pH. The result of analysis is compared with SNI 19-7030-2004. Organic fertilizer analysis was conducted on day 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50. The result of the organic fertilizer analysis with Orgadec bio-activator more effectiveand faster on the decomposition organic matter in the compost compared PROMI (<20 days). The quality of organic fertilizer with Orgadec bioactivator on day 10 and 20, while organic fertilizer with PROMI on day 20, 30, 40, and 50days was in accordance with the quality stated in SNI 19-7030-2004 (C/N ratio, levels of N, P, K, water, and organic-C).
Viabilidade econômica da produção de eucalipto no polo moveleiro de Marco - Ceará
Authors: Nogueira Filho Fuad Pereira , Bajay Miklos Maximiliano , De Sousa João Alencar , Araújo José Dionis Matos , Correia Diva
Published: December 2017

A viabilidade econômica de projetos florestais é fortemente afetada pelo horizonte de tempo, os custos de produção, o preço da madeira, a produtividade do local e a taxa de desconto. Este trabalho analisou a viabilidade econômica da produção de madeira de eucalipto para o polo moveleiro de Marco-Ceará, em dois cenários: sem e com financiamento. Para a análise do projeto, utilizou-se o clone AEC 1528, considerando-se uma produtividade de 146,6, 376,4 e 316,1 m3 ha-1 aos 7, 14 e 21 anos, respectivamente, simulado pelo software SISEucalipto. A madeira, cortada e empilhada na propriedade, foi destinada às indústrias de móveis e de cerâmica da região, conforme o sortimento de madeira por classe de diâmetro. A partir do fluxo de caixa, que abrangeu as atividades do plantio à colheita, foram obtidos indicadores de rentabilidade e de risco. Realizou-se, também, uma análise de sensibilidade, em que se avaliou o comportamento do valor presente líquido em função da variação do investimento inicial, da taxa de juros, do custo da colheita e dos preços da madeira. Os indicadores econômicos no cenário sem financiamento indicaram que o projeto deve ser aceito, possuindo uma boa rentabilidade. Ao incorporar o financiamento no projeto, utilizando a linha de crédito do programa ABC Florestas, constatou-se um aumento de seus indicadores quando comparado com o cenário sem financiamento. A produção de eucalipto no polo moveleiro de Marco-CE, apresentou-se viável economicamente nos dois cenários avaliados. A análise de sensibilidade demonstrou que o projeto possui um baixo risco, apesar do longo horizonte de tempo.
Indicadores de sustentabilidade geram planos de melhorias em propriedade rural
Authors: Nunes Tulio Ibanez , Fausto Daiane Aparecida
Published: December 2017

O diagnóstico de sustentabilidade de uma propriedade deve seguir um conjunto de métodos bem definidos e padronizados para que esta avaliação seja completa e válida. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar um diagnóstico utilizando o programa de Avaliação Ponderada de Impacto Ambiental de Atividades do Novo Rural [APOIA-NovoRural], ferramenta desenvolvida pela Embrapa. Além de fazer o diagnóstico detalhado das dimensões da sustentabilidade também foram propostas melhorias nos pontos fracos identificados pelo método. A identificação dos pontos fracos está diretamente associada a baixos escores no método APOIA-NovoRural. Uma análise detalhada das causas de baixos escores foi realizada e posteriormente foram identificadas possíveis melhorias. Sistemas de produção integrados como: integração lavoura pecuária, integração lavoura pecuária floresta e Silvipastoril foram analisados e serviram de base para proposta de aumento da sustentabilidade nas dimensões ambiental e econômica. Na dimensão social, um estudo de melhoria de condições de saúde dos colaboradores foi apresentado. Um plano de melhoria tipo Plan, Do, Check, Action [PDCA] foi construído para implementação de um sistema silvipastoril, e um para a área de saúde ocupacional. Na análise de sustentabilidade, realizada pelo programa APOIA-NovoRural, foi possível identificar os pontos fracos e com a implantação de ciclos PDCA ter um sistema de melhoria contínua.
Comportamento dos preços dos insumos agrícolas da cana-de-açúcar: safra 2016/17
Authors: Bigaton Aline , Bressan Gustavo , Moraes João Marcos Meneghel , Silva Haroldo José Torres , Rosa João Henrique Mantellatto
Published: December 2017

Esta publicação apresenta as variações de preços dos produtos utilizados como insumos agrícolas na produção de cana-de-açúcar nas principais regiões produtoras do estado de São Paulo, entre os meses de dezembro de 2016 e janeiro de 2016. As variações de preços mais expressivas foram representadas pela classe dos inseticidas, no painel de Barretos e pelos corretivos, no painel de Araçatuba. Apesar disso, a classe de fertilizantes também apresenta variações expressivas em todos os painéis, sendo que estes insumos foram os mais representativos na composição dos custos de produção. A representatividade dos custos com insumos para a produção da cultura com relação ao total recebido por hectare apresentou uma média próxima dos 14%, sendo a região de Paulo de Faria a que apresenta maior representatividade (25%).
Retorno econômico do aproveitamento de resíduos gerados na produção de frutas no semiárido cearense
Authors: Pinto Ariana Carvalho , Pereira Fernanda Aparecida Castro
Published: December 2017

O reaproveitamento dos resíduos plásticos pode se tornar uma atividade agrícola economicamente viável, principalmente na fruticultura localizada no semiárido cearense. Os materiais nos quais eram tidos como lixo nas áreas agrícolas podem ser uma fonte alternativa de geração de capital e empregos para a região, utilizando-se técnicas de reaproveitamento e reciclagem desses materiais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a importância e a viabilidade econômica da reutilização dos materiais plásticos empregados diretamente na fruticultura. Os dados foram coletados de uma empresa agrícola de fruticultura e de uma empresa de reciclagem no município de Icapuí, no estado do Ceará. Foram calculados indicadores de viabilidade financeira como Valor Presente Líquido [VPL], Taxa Interna de Retorno [TIR], Payback simples [PB], Payback descontado [PBD]. Os resultados mostraram que a utilização de técnicas e equipamentos de reciclagem em empresas é um caminho que gera muitas oportunidades de reutilização de materiais antes descartados, bem como a viabilidade econômica, confirmada pelos valores obtidos de VPL (R$ 529.777,58) e TIR de 31%. Conforme o cálculo do Payback descontado, serão necessários dois anos e quatro meses para recuperar o investimento dos fluxos líquidos de caixa descontados. Conclui-se que a atividade é sustentável e rentável, trazendo benefícios e lucro ao fruticultor, além de disponibilizar empregos diretos e indiretos.
Crecimiento de plántulas de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en diferentes tamaños de contenedor
Authors: Osorio G. Mónica Andrea , Leiva R. Edna Ivonne , Ramírez P. Ramiro
Published: December 2017

El volumen del contenedor para la propagación del cacao es determinante, ya que su tamaño influye en el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plántulas, siendo un factor definitivo para el establecimiento del cultivo. En este trabajo se comparó el efecto que tienen diferentes tamaños de contenedor 0,01; 0,02 y 0,1 m3 (volumen de sustrato) y la duración en vivero, sobre el crecimiento de plantas de cacao, además, se evaluaron los cambios en el sustrato confinado. Se sembraron semillas de cacao en contenedores de diferentes alturas: 25, 45 y 70 cm. Se midió la temperatura de las hojas y se colectaron plántulas, para cuantificar la biomasa particionada y crecimiento de la raíz principal. Simultáneamente fueron evaluadas la resistencia a la penetración, la temperatura, la humedad y la porosidad del sustrato. Los resultados evidenciaron diferencias significativas (P<0,05) en la acumulación de fitomasa total. En los contenedores de mayor tamaño (0,1m3) hubo mayor biomasa total, mayor longitud de raíces: 62,17 cm, el sustrato presentó menor resistencia a la penetración (0,52 Kg cm-2) y temperatura. La temperatura de las hojas se relacionó directamente con la temperatura del suelo e inversamente con la humedad del suelo. Se comprobó que el tamaño del contenedor afecta las características físicas del sustrato y el crecimiento de las plantas, lo cual sugiere que con 0,02 m3 (con 45 cm altura) del contenedor las plantas pueden permanecer 180 días en vivero.
Calidad física y sensorial de Coffea arábica L. variedad Colombia, perfil Nespresso AAA, en la Unión, Nariño
Authors: Ramos V. Lady Johanna , Criollo E. Hernando
Published: December 2017

En respuesta a la necesidad de generar alternativas que permitan asegurar la calidad y diferenciación del café de Nariño, se realizó esta investigación con el objetivo de evaluar la calidad física y sensorial del café variedad Colombia, fruto rojo, sembrado a plena exposición solar por caficultores del programa Nespresso AAA 2015, en diferentes altitudes y variaciones en el beneficio, en el Municipio de la Unión, Nariño. En cada finca se cosecharon diez kilos de café maduro con color rojo intenso, se procesaron con beneficio húmedo en la misma finca, se secaron con diferentes tiempos de exposición solar y se llevaron al laboratorio de Almacafé para evaluar sus características físicas y organolépticas como: aroma, fragancia, acidez, cuerpo, sabor, sabor residual, balance, taza limpia, dulzor y puntaje del catador. Igualmente se analizaron las relaciones de los factores climáticos y agronómicos de cada finca con la calidad de taza. Toda la información se analizó mediante análisis multivariado de componentes principales (ACP) y análisis de correspondencias múltiples (ACM). Se concluyó que las condiciones de altitud, no están asociadas particularmente con los parámetros de calidad de la bebida del café; menores contenidos de fósforo en el suelo, menor tiempo de fermentación (16 - 17h) y secado (20 - 25h de sol), se asociaron a mayores puntajes de calidad. La compleja interacción de todas las variables asociadas a la producción del café, es la que define al final, la calidad de taza.
El cultivo de trigo en Colombia: Su agonía y posible desaparición
Authors: Álvarez Sánchez David , Chaves Diana Melisa
Published: December 2017

El Trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) en Colombia es considerado un alimento básico además de requerir en su cadena productiva un número elevado de mano de obra, sin embargo, a nivel nacional desde el año de 1970 el área y producción del Trigo cultivado ha tenido una disminución constante representada en las estadísticas oficiales, siendo importante conocer las razones de dicho fenómeno y el impacto generado. Por lo anterior, esta revisión buscó identificar los aspectos nocivos que explican la agonía y posible desaparición de este sistema productivo en el país en tres periodos históricos: i) desde 1920 hasta 1989, ii) desde 1990 hasta 2000 y iii) perspectivas a futuro. Para ello, se recopiló información de diferentes fuentes primarias y secundarias, concluyendo que el Trigo a lo largo del tiempo ha soportado coyunturas macroeconómicas y el desamparo gubernamental en el sector, poniendo en duda la sustentabilidad del cultivo en Colombia.
Transformaciones del Estado y cambios en la Administración Pública
Authors: Parrado Luz Stella
Published: December 2017

El Estado ha estado experimentado transformaciones fundamentales en sus vinculaciones fiscales, funcionales y de poder con las instancias estatales regionales, con el mercado, con las organizaciones sociales y con actores del contexto internacional, que ayudan a explicar las orientaciones del Estado y las modificaciones en su aparato. Esas transformaciones han sido justificadas por múltiples actores académicos políticos, agencias y gremios privados, organizaciones sociales que en general han tenido una voz unísona para avalarlas; las posiciones teóricas para reformar al Estado han estado influidas por diferentes y políticas que cubren las más tradicionales perspectivas liberales, neoliberales, marxistas etc.En este trabajo se pretende establecer y analizar la relación entre las transformaciones del Estado moderno, la administración pública y la imagen que sobre esas transformaciones han socializado algunos autores desde posiciones teóricas, doctrinales e ideológicas.
Desigualdades recaudatorias municipales en Colombia - estudio de caso Cundinamarca
Authors: Oliva Pedreros Pinzon Maria Mayerly
Published: December 2017

En el presente artículo se hace un análisis de los ingresos tributarios de los municipios colombianos, a la luz del proceso de descentralización que se ha venido llevando a cabo en el país durante las tres últimas décadas. Para este propósito se hace un análisis cuantitativo de los 116 municipios que conforman el departamento de Cundinamarca, de los montos recaudados de manera agregada y por los principales impuestos, predial, industria y comercio y sobretasa a la gasolina, entre otros. El análisis se hace teniendo en cuenta los grupos y categorías establecidos para clasificarlos de acuerdo con los criterios de ingresos, población y últimamente, por importancia económica. Se hizo un seguimiento a las principales normas que sobre descentralización se han expedido en el país, relacionadas con los ingresos dentro del contexto de la autonomía fiscal.
Popper’s analysis of the theory of evolution
Authors: Lukic Nebojsa
Published: December 2017

In this paper I will deal with Popper?s analysis of the theory of evolution.
Relying on his methodological teaching, known as falsificationism, Popper
sought to determine whether it can be said that this significant biological
theory is testable. Two directions of Popper?s critique can be selected: 1)
one critique shows that theory of evolution can not formulate scientific law
and that, therefore, it can not predict; 2) the second critique shows that
the principle (or, in Popper?s own words, theory) of natural selection is a
tautology - principle of natural selection is simple logical truth which,
according to Popper, implies the lack of empirical content of that principle
and, consequently, its impossibility to be tested. Conclusion of his analysis
is that we ought to look at the theory of evolution, together with the theory
of natural selection, as a productive metaphysical research programme. He
changed his view on the theory of natural selection in the paper Natural
Selection and the Emergence of Mind, where he argued that the theory of
natural selection is in certain sense testable, that it is not a tautology,
but that it is not universally true and he gave up on characterizing that
theory as a metaphysical research programme. The aim of this paper is to
select the most relevant moments of Popper?s critique and to place them in
the context of his methodological teaching.
Bentham and metaethics
Authors: Cekic Nenad
Published: December 2017

?Project Bentham? which has been started in 1968 is still in progress. This
effort of editing Bentham?s voluminous work is naturally accompanied with
?new readings? of Bentham?s old text. Some of those editorial readings shade
some light on some of Bentham?s almost forgotten endeavors in the areas of
philosophy of language and logic. In this paper author analyze some Bentham?s
ideas significant for the contemporary metaethics: 1) facts/values
distinction; 2) analytical approach to the language in general; and 3) the
theory of fictitious entities. The author concludes that some of Bentham?s
analysis and proposals are similar to Charles Stevenson?s metaethical
?emotivism?.
Scanlon’s contractualism: A review essay
Authors: Markoc Anton
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this essay is to give a succinct summary of contractualism, an
influential moral theory of American philosopher Thomas Scanlon. Scanlon
introduced contractualism in his essay ?Contractualism and Utilitarianism?
from 1982 and developed it in his book What We Owe to Each Other from 1998.
The essay begins by situating Scanlon?s contractualism in the tradition of
contract theories of morality. It then examines its peculiarities as a
metaethical and a normative ethical theory. Finally, it discusses the most
important objections to contractualism, ending with recommended secondary
literature for subsequent researchers.
Hierarchical analysis of personal authonomy and the problem of manipulation
Authors: Kovacevic Milos
Published: December 2017

In the first part of the paper I investigate a hierarchical analysis of
personal autonomy which is developed through Harry Frankfurt?s theory of free
will and Gerald Dworkin?s theory of personal autonomy. Hierarchical analysis
of personal autonomy considers person autonomous regarding desire A if he has
the desire to have desire A. One of the main advantages of hierarchical
analysis of autonomy is that it does not require a person to have any
specific values to be considered autonomous. In spite of this and other
advantages, hierarchical analysis of personal autonomy is facing the problem
of manipulation which I will discuss in the second part of paper. Frankfurt`s
theory is purely structural and ahistoric because it does not take in
consideration a way of acquiring second order desires or desire to desire or
not desire A. That allows the possibility of influences on a person that
would diminish their autonomy. On another hand, Dworkin apparently avoids the
problem of manipulation by introducing a requirement for procedural
independence which protects a person from influences which are paradigmatic
cases of violating of autonomy. However, Dworkin`s contribution is not
theoretically satisfying because it is not enough for acceptable analysis of
autonomy to just list few intuitive examples of constraining personal
autonomy, but it is necessary to propose a reason why that kind of influences
is considered dangerous for personal autonomy viz to establish some kind of
criteria. Such criteria will enable us to evaluate borderline cases about
which people have different intuitions according to it. That is the reason
why the final goal of this paper is to contribute to the definition of
criteria on which procedural independence will be based, through a systemic
approach to the problem of manipulation.
Retaining a belief
Authors: Bozickovic Vojislav
Published: December 2017

I examine several views of belief retention in relation to the data given by
David Kaplan concerning the case of Rip Van Winkle who slept for twenty years
thinking that he had only slept for one day, and argue that none of these
views are satisfactory, including Kaplan?s character/content framework. I
then propose a view of belief retention which is in line with how the subject
represents the world from her first-person cognitive perspective.
Psychotherapy, philosophy and the "personal story"
Authors: Fatic Aleksadar
Published: December 2017

The paper discusses the most recent developments in the psychotherapeutic
methodology in the way of merging with the practical applications of
philosophy in counseling. The author argues in favor of the upcoming ?return?
to Lacanian psychoanalysis as the foundation of psychiatry and illustrates
what this return of both psychiatry and psychotherapy to philosophically
informed psychoanalysis involves, e.g. with regard to the understanding of
psychoses (schizophrenia) and personality disorder (?borderline personality
disorder?). The paper concludes that the contemporary methodological synergy
between psychotherapy and the philosophical contextual interpretation
techniques is not a ?revolution? in psychotherapy, but rather the outcome of
a natural development process for psychotherapy.
Kant's retributivism and the death penalty
Authors: Budic Marina
Published: December 2017

The paper deals with Kant's notion of punishment in general, as well as one
specific form of punishment, namely, the death penalty. In the first part of
the article we will exmine, Kant's views on punishment as well as an extent
to which it is retributive. According to Kant's view, offenders should be
punished exclusively for having committed an offense (retribution), and
proportionally to the crime commited (ius talionis). In recent literature,
there are interpretations that indicate Kant's criminal theory is not
completely retributive, but rather combined, so that it contains elements of
retribution and intimation. If we clearly outline the goal, justification and
extent of punishment, the purpose and justification of forming the state
(time and punishment), we will make sure that these interpretations are
incorrect. The paper shows that Kant retribution determines the goal and
justification of punishment, that the reason and justification of the state
(and punishment) is the achievement of justice, that is, the preservation of
individual freedoms of citizens on an equal footing, while the control of
crime should be understood as the achievement of this goal. Also, one needs
to bear in mind the distinction between the factual and the normative level -
Kant claims that a person should be punished exclusively for having committed
the offense, although her punishment simultaneously intimidates or deters the
offense of another citizens, which is a factual claim. The theory of
punishment prescribes the goal and justification of punishment, which falls
within the normative domain, and in Kant?s opinion, it is fundamentally
retributive. It is also necessary to take into account another distinction
that Kant introduces, which is the distinction between the noumenal and
phenomenal spheres of existence. Justice is a noumen or an idea, that the
state pursues to achieve, while it is realized or made into a phenomenon when
the state applies laws and penalties in a particular community. Intimidation
or control of crime is part of the realization of justice in the empirical
world. The second part deals with Kant's affirmation of the death penalty,
objections to this affirmation, and ultimately, an alternative to this
punishment is proposed. The alternative to the death penalty stems from
incoherence in the application of the ius talionis principle. That could be
one Kantian approach to punishment. A lifetime imprisonment argument avoids
the objection of irreversibility of punishment (the argument from the
irrevocability of the death penalty) and is in line with the basic principles
of Kant's ethics.
Patient-Centered Care, Diabetes Empowerment, and Type 2 Diabetes Medication Adherence Among American Indian Patients
Authors: Ratner Nathan L. , Davis Emily B. , Lhotka Laura L. , Wille Stephanie M. , Walls Melissa L.
Published: December 2017

IN BRIEF Type 2 diabetes has been labeled an epidemic in many American Indian communities. Thus, identifying factors that improve medication adherence for American Indian patients is crucial. We found significant and positive relationships among patient-centered care, medication adherence, and diabetes empowerment. In addition, diabetes empowerment partially mediated the relationship between patient-centered care and medication adherence.
Uutisia isosta Masasta
Kansallista lörpöttelyä Kriisi-Suomessa
Authors: Kantola Anu
Published: December 2017

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Xpey’ Relational Environments: an analytic framework for conceptualizing Indigenous health equity
Authors: Kent Alexandra , Loppie Charlotte , Carriere Jeannine , MacDonald Marjorie , Pauly Bernie
Published: December 2017

Introduction

Both health equity research and Indigenous health research are driven by
the goal of promoting equitable health outcomes among marginalized and underserved
populations. However, the two fields often operate independently, without collaboration.
As a result, Indigenous populations are underrepresented in health equity research
relative to the disproportionate burden of health inequities they experience. In this
methodological article, we present Xpey’ Relational Environments, an analytic framework
that maps some of the barriers and facilitators to health equity for Indigenous
peoples.

Methods

Health equity research needs to include a focus on Indigenous populations
and Indigenized methodologies, a shift that could fill gaps in knowledge with the potential
to contribute to ‘closing the gap’ in Indigenous health. With this in mind, the Equity
Lens in Public Health (ELPH) research program adopted the Xpey’ Relational
Environments framework to add a focus on Indigenous populations to our research on
the prioritization and implementation of health equity. The analytic framework introduced
an Indigenized health equity lens to our methodology, which facilitated the identification
of social, structural and systemic determinants of Indigenous health. To test
the framework, we conducted a pilot case study of one of British Columbia’s regional
health authorities, which included a review of core policies and plans as well as interviews
and focus groups with frontline staff, managers and senior executives.

Conclusion

ELPH’s application of Xpey’ Relational Environments serves as an example
of the analytic framework’s utility for exploring and conceptualizing Indigenous health
equity in BC’s public health system. Future applications of the framework should be
embedded in Indigenous research methodologies.