bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moderating Role of Corruption Control on Firm Level Determinants of Corporate Sustainability Disclosure Compliance in Nigeria
Authors: Bello Mohammed , Said Ridzwana Mohd , Johari Jalila , Kamarudin Fakarudin
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the moderating effect of corruption control in strengthening the influence of firm attributes on corporate sustainability disclosure compliance in Nigeria. The study focuses on the existing discussion on mandatory disclosure compliance with a corporate governance code. The extent of disclosure compliance is measured using a total unweighted disclosure index, developed from a panel data set of 118 companies listed on the Nigerian capital market. The companies were selected using a proportionate stratified sampling technique. The dataset for the period of 2011 to 2017 were first analyzed by static panel regression analysis. The regression models were subjected to further robustness checks under dynamic GMM panel regression analysis, to test for possible endogeneity. The findings revealed the significant moderating effect of corruption control, evidenced from the interaction of corruption control with selected firm attributes, namely; industry type, leverage and taxation. The research contributes to the existing literature, as it establishes the importance of control of corruption as an additional factor of corporate sustainability disclosure compliance within the context of Nigeria.
CSR Programs of Municipal Water Utility Companies for Wetland Communities of South Kalimantan
Authors: Said Laila , Swandari Fifi , Said Meldasari
Published: May 2021

Many studies on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are from private companies' perspective, analyzing social funds' effectiveness and efficiency. However, only a few studies explore CSR programs of municipal utility companies. The municipal utility company is unique because it has a captive market, and the Government regulates the company. These factors impact company's CSR strategy. The current research qualitatively analyzed the CSR of two municipal water utility companies. The Bandarmasih, located in the city of Banjarmasin, represents urban wetlands. The Intan Banjar, which service area includes Banjarbaru city and Banjar regency, represents rural wetlands. The analysis method was descriptive exploratory through observation, interviews, and focus group discussion (FGD). The results showed that the CSR programs had been sufficiently implemented but ineffective to fulfill the needs of the wetland community. The CSR programs were sporadic and did not strategically improve the companies' image. The CSR programs were not derived from the companies' vision and mission. There was no formulated social responsibility policy. This current research contributes to designing a 'signature' CSR program under its core business competencies for community welfare. This research is among the first to focus on municipal utility companies' CSR programs concerning communities in wetland areas.
Consumer Preference for Certified Sustainable Palm Oil with Environmental Sustainability Attributes: A Choice Experiment Approach
Authors: Dauda Suleiman , Sidique Shaufique Fahmi , Sheng Tey Yeong , Djama Marcel
Published: May 2021

Increasing consumer preference for sustainable palm oil necessitates a paradigm shift towards certified sustainable palm oil (CSPO), and the introduction of CSPO cooking oil, with environmental attribute certification and eco-labelling, will be hallmarks of the necessary sustainability standard. In this study, we applied a choice experiment to investigate supply side consumer preferences, and to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for cooking oil certified under Roundtable for Sustainable Palm oil (RSPO). Sustainability standards for the palm oil industry were introduced to address environmental issues, such as biodiversity conservation, and the harmful reduction in CO2 emission. To achieve this, we examined Malaysian consumer knowledge of the CSPO, and investigated its influence on their choice of palm oil supply value chain model, considering biodiversity conservation, CO2 reduction and the willingness to pay (WTP). The main finding of this study indicated that Malaysian consumers are willing to pay more than a 5% price premium for RSPO certified palm (cooking) oil, while the most prioritized attributes is the mass balanced supply chain model that included both moderate levels of biodiversity conservation and of CO2 emission.
Developing Emergency Response Shelter in Place Guidelines for Pilgrim upon Natural Hazard Occurrence in the sacred sites in Makah
Authors: Bashawri Abdulrahman
Published: May 2021

Maintaining up-to-date guidelines for an emergency shelter response (ESR) is crucial for serving Rahman guests when natural hazards, such as floods, storms and rockslides, occur, particularly during large-scale holy events, such as Hajj. ESR guidelines are vital for ensuring that cleaner, greener and more secure and private places for survival are provided to those who been affected so they may complete their worship. A qualitative research design was employed for this study in order to analyse case studies, existing guidelines and the literature in relation to the development of an appropriate ESR. The analysis indicated that existing guidelines are relatively ineffective. The guidelines available in Saudi Arabia provided some knowledge and information but little help on developing ESR guidelines for natural hazards in sacred sites (including Mina, Muzdalifah and Arafat) in Makkah, where focused and quick guidance is desired, as stated by the General Directorate of Civil Defence.To achieve the objective of Saudi Vision 2030 to develop and improve services provided to Rahman guests, this study recommends improved guidelines involving multiple stages for the development of an ESR to guarantee that the performance and provision of the ESR are effective. The proposed guidelines will help stakeholders to manage decision-making, whilst giving them the required information to account for the environmental, sociocultural, economic and technical elements that must be considered in the implementation of response processes in order to maximise the fitness of the response for achieving its purpose and to save the lives and protect the welfare of the Rahman guests so they may continue their worship.
Natural Resources Dependency: Are Indigenous Communities Ready to Switch to New Career?
Authors: Omar Khatijah , Kamaruddin Siti Nor Adawiyah Azzahra , Razali MD Khairul Azwan MD , Manaf Norhayati AB , Halim Mohammad ABI Sofian Abdul , Sa'at Norhayati
Published: May 2021

Indigenous community or better known as Orang Asli community in Malaysia, like most indigenous communities in other parts of the world, are found to still depend very much on natural resources as the main source for their livings. They too are the group of peoples that hardly welcome development activities that can bring harm to the environment. This study was conducted with the objective to investigate the dependency on natural resources among the Orang Asli at Sungai Sayap, Besut, Terengganu and their readiness to switch to other careers, other than farming and hunting. A total of 20 adult participants from this small Orang Asli village were involved in this study. The data for descriptive analysis (percentage) was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 20). The findings of the study show that 50 percent of Orang Asli at Sungai Sayap, Terengganu still rely on the resources from the forest around them for their economic and social benefits. However, realizing the fact that natural resources are depleting, 75 percent of the respondents are ready to switch to new careers. The findings can give initial overview to the agencies that involve with indigenous people or Orang Asli, to plan and provide training programs that can be offered to indigenous people to ensure that they can adapt and stay put in their new career. The research will benefit the state government, institutions as well as indigenous community so as to promote sustainable development among marginalized community.
Impact of Toxic Leadership on Counterproductive Work Behavior with the Mediating role of Psychological Contract Breach and Moderating role of Proactive Personality
Authors: KAYANI MUHAMMAD BILAL , ALASAN IMRAN IBRAHIM
Published: May 2021

This paper focused the conceptualizations of toxic leadership and analyzes the relationship between toxic leadership and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). The mediating role of psychological contract breach was measured between the toxic leadership and counterproductive work behavior, also by analyzing the moderating effect of proactive personality. The selected sample for research comprised of 355 nurses serving in public sector of Pakistan and questionnaire was used as a research tool. Findings of the data revealed that toxic leadership is having a positive significant relationship with CWB and a negative with PCB in partial mediation model. PCB was found to be positively associated with CWB whereas Proactive personality was identified for weakening the relationship of PCB and CWB. The results of the study elaborated that firms ought to illuminate unmistakably to managers about the antagonistic outcomes brought about by toxic oversight, and may join rules or approaches to rebuff toxic practices. Given the counterproductive impact of toxic leadership, more information is exclusively required regarding causes of toxic leadership and the paper concluded with recommendations for future research and action.
Of Politics and Law: Analysing the Implications of the US-China Trade War on International Law and International Trade Law
Authors: Mhlongo Lindelwa Beaulender
Published: May 2021

Since taking office in 2017, the president of the United States of America (US), Donald Trump has been on an offensive on the trade front. His administration has levied tariffs on goods coming from China, which retaliated by levying tariffs against the US. This has led to a trade war between these two economies. The economic warring took a turn for the worse with the arrest of Chinese financial executive for Huawei, Meng Wanzhou in Canada on request from the US Department of Justice. She was accused of making false statements to HSBC Bank in 2013 which significantly understated Huawei’s relationship with Skycom. The arrest came after the US levied tariffs on Chinese goods, and also attempted to bar imports of Huawei products. In light of the above, the question that begs for an answer is: Does the US-China trade war undermine the principles of international law and the WTO rules? The article aims to answer the question of the propriety or otherwise of the ongoing US-China trade war within the ambit of international law and the World Trade Organisation economic framework.
International Law and New Wars by Christine Chinkin and Mary Kaldor
Authors: Stemmet Andre
Published: May 2021

Book review
A Chronicle of How Judges Have Internalised International Law in Namibia
Authors: Zongwe Dunia Prince
Published: May 2021

Until recently, scholars had not detected the discrepancies in the international law jurisprudence in Namibia. Even the few jurists who spotted them did not reveal the precise extent of those inconsistencies. To demonstrate their sheer magnitude, this article chronicles the Namibian international law jurisprudence. In doing so, it offers the most detailed analysis of international law cases in Namibia. It presents that jurisprudence chronologically. This methodology ensures that readers understand how international law evolved in Namibia. And, to frame this inconsistency issue in a fashion that makes sense for developing countries, the article draws some insights from the Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) movement. The article finds that judges zigzag between friendliness (ie, monism) and scepticism (ie, dualism) towards international law, and it uncovers four types of judges-interpreters, when considering the philosophies that motivate them. In addition to the monist and the dualist, the moralist and the constitutionalist have emerged. Nonetheless, this zigzagging and these inconsistencies undermine the rule of law—a foundational principle of the Namibian state. The article therefore discusses the four personae, hoping to inspire jurists and judges, in Namibia and other nations, to unify these different judicial personalities under one overarching rationale.
The Prohibition of Cyberterrorism as a Method of Warfare in International Law
Authors: Casey-Maslen Stuart , Mwale Brenda
Published: May 2021

There is no doubt that cyber operations can play a significant role in the conduct of warfare. In fact, an ongoing cyber arms race among states and non-state actors evokes fears among some of a looming ‘digital Pearl Harbour’ or a ‘digital 9/11’. Given these fears, there have been calls for the elaboration of a ‘Digital Geneva Convention’ to protect civilians from the harmful consequences of cyberattacks. In this context, this article focuses on one specific aspect of cyber operations during situations of armed conflict: cyberterrorism as a method of warfare. It examines the extent to which international humanitarian law (IHL), which was primarily designed to govern kinetic means and methods of warfare, applies to cyberterrorism. In so doing, it assesses whether the calls for a ‘Digital Geneva Convention’ are justified.
Bilateral and Multilateral Treaties
Authors: Van der Walt Rika
Published: May 2021

Bilateral agreements signed or that entered into force between 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 and; Multilateral agreements signed/acceded/ratified or that entered into force between 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019.

Please note: The information contained in this document reflects the records in the South African Treaty Register as at the date of search, or the date of this document, whichever is applicable. While every reasonable effort is made to ensure the correctness of the information contained herein, parties relying thereon are advised to verify important facts independently in the event that the information is required for critical purposes.
The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology: An outcome of retrospective application to three years’ cytology data of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Singh Garima , Jahan Aarzoo , Yadav Shakti Kumar , Gupta Ruchika , Sarin Namrata , Singh Sompal
Published: May 2021

Objectives:

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the salivary gland lesions has diverse and sometimes overlapping features that pose a diagnostic challenge for the cytopathologists. The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) has been introduced to bring uniformity in the reporting of salivary gland FNAC and improve the clinic-pathologic communication resulting in better patient management. The aim of the present study was to assess the application of the MSRSGC on FNAC specimens of salivary gland lesions at a tertiary care hospital.

Material and Methods:

All salivary gland aspiration cytology cases along with histopathology follow-up of salivary gland lesions, wherever available, over a period of 36 months were analyzed and re-categorized according to MSRSGC into six categories and the risk of malignancy (ROM) was computed.

Results:

Of the 123 patients, 23 (18.69%) were classified as non-diagnostic, 39 cases (31.7%) as non-neoplastic, one (0.81%) as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), benign neoplasm in 49 (39.8%) cases, uncertain malignant potential in two cases (1.63%), suspicious of malignancy in two cases, and malignant in seven cases (5.69%). Out of 123 cases, histopathological correlation was available in 34 cases, for which the ROM was calculated. The ROM was 0% for non-neoplastic, 11.1% for benign neoplasm, and 100% each for salivary neoplasm of uncertain neoplastic potential, and 100% for malignant categories.

Conclusion:

In the present study, the distribution of cases according to MSRSGC was comparable with the previous studies. The proportion of cases classified as AUS was within the goal set by MSRSGC at less than 10%. A risk-based stratification of salivary gland lesions in the form of MSRSGC is essential in the present era to guide and alert the clinician about the subsequent management plan and convey the ROM.
Unmet Needs and Quality of Life: Questionnaire-Based Survey in a Follow-Up Program for Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors:   University Hospital Basel, Breast Center, Switzerland, SD Soysal , KM Schaefer ,   University Hospital Basel, Breast Center, Switzerland, S Muenst ,   University Hospital Basel, Breast Center, Switzerland, R Mechera ,   University Hospital Basel, Breast Center, Switzerland, J Zeindler ,   University Hospital Basel, Breast Center, Switzerland, Lopez L Castrezana ,   University Hospital Basel, Breast Center, Switzerland, M Haug ,   University Hospital Basel, Breast Center, Switzerland, WP Weber ,   University Hospital Basel, Breast Center, Switzerland, CT Viehl ,   Departement of Surgery, Hospital Center Biel, Switzerland
Published: May 2021

Introduction: The objective of this self-report survey was to detect unmet needs and evaluate the quality of life of patients attending a follow-up program after breast cancer surgery. Methods: Patients were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire consisting of 16 questions on different aspects of follow-up. The return rate of questionnaires was 84% (147 of 174 patients). Results: All patients considered follow-up visits as useful; however, 24% of patients did not understand the basic rationale behind it. Only 38% of patients favored annual follow-up visits, while 46% demanded individual scheduling. The surgeon was the preferred follow-up specialist for 70% of patients, 59% chose the medical oncologist. Interestingly, 81% agreed that a specialized breast care nurse could coordinate and perform independent follow-up visits. Importantly, 78% of patients stated that they did not consider follow-up by phone call a valid alternative to personal follow-up, and 58% of patients reported anxiety before follow-up visits. Discussion: The psychological burden of breast cancer follow-up seems relevant; better patient education and common decision-making may be indicated.
Hybrid Nano-Composites by Deposition of Ag2WO4/ Carbon Nanotube: Efficient Biological Application
Authors:   Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India, G Akshatha , MR Abhilash ,   Department of Studies in Environmental Science, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India, K Jagadish ,   Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India *Contributed Equally to this Work, S Srikantaswamy ,   Centre for Materials Science and Technology, VijnanaBhavan, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India
Published: May 2021

For nearly a decade, researchers have debated pollution prevention to achieve a sustainable environment Recently, various nanoscale materials, including silver tungstate (Ag2WO4) nanoparticles, have been actively studied for their capacity to effectively prevent bacterial growth. A critical challenge is to enhance the antibacterial properties of nanomaterials while maintaining their biocompatibility. CNT is addressed in terms of sustainable environment and green technologies perspective, such as wastewater treatment, biocompatibility, photocatalytic and green nanocomposites. In this work, we built up a straightforward science strategy to combine Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) adorned with silver tungstate nanoparticles (Ag2WO4) utilizing various strategies. The synthesized nanocomposite is employed for the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine-B (RhB) in a single step which resolves organic dye contaminant issues with nontoxic molecular intermediates at the same time, removal of heavy metals. The development of Ag2WO4 with functionalized bunches on the outside of CNT was investigated by X-ray diffraction, TEM, EDS, XPS, The normal size of CNTAg 2WO4 was around 8.26nm with about uniform size appropriation. Antibacterial impact of CNT-Ag2WO4 nanocomposites was assessed against two of Gramnegative pathogenic organisms and two Gram-positive microbes. adjusting the electron microscopy examination on cytotoxic effect of the drug on various cell line & antioxidant component of CNT-Ag2WO4 is a physical connection with cell layer, the enormous development of cells by anti-mitotic potential, and quicker destructibility of cell, henceforth bringing about cells demise can lookout.
4n+2=6n?
Authors: Zdetsis Aristides
Published: May 2021

We propose a unique scheme to manipulate in a coordinated way chemically or mechanically topological, aromatic, electronic, and magnetic (conventional or non-conventional) properties of various nanographenes simultaneously, based on the elimination of empty peripheral rings in This could be very useful for nanoelectronics and spintronics applications.
Room-Temperature Phosphorescence of a Supercooled Liquid: Kinetic Stabilization by Desymmetrization
Authors: Komura Mao , Ogawa Takuji , Tani Yosuke
Published: May 2021

Metal-free single component liquid, developed by desymmetrizing C2-symmetrical diketone, exhibits room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and phosphorescent thermochromism in air. The unsymmetrical flexible core with as many as eight conformers kinetically stabilizes the supercooled liquid state. The RTP is unique the liquid that benefits from external heavy atom effect and suppresses oxygen diffusion, while produces an emissive conformer.
Electrocatalytic H2 Evolution Promoted by a Bioinspired (N2S2)Ni(II) Complex at Low Acid Concentration
Authors: Sinha Soumalya , Tran Giang N. , Na Hanah , Mirica Liviu M.
Published: May 2021

The electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great interest to advance fuel cell technologies. Although heterogeneous HER electrocatalysts are desired for practical energy devices, the development of molecular electrocatalysts is important to elucidate the mechanism and improve the activity of state-of-the-art HER catalysts. Inspired by the enzymatic HER process promoted by [NiFe] hydrogenases, we synthesized a bioinspired NiII electrocatalyst that produces H2 from CF3CO2H at low acid concentrations (<0.043 M) in MeCN. Under these conditions, the turnover frequency for HER achieved herein is ~200,000 s–1. We propose that our NiII electrocatalyst follows a novel HER mechanism by undergoing a 2e– transfer process in a single step, followed by stepwise H+ transfer at low acid concentrations, while the increase in acid concentration changes the HER mechanism toward a concerted H+/e– transfer. Finally, we evaluated the HER activity of our catalyst by benchmarking its kinetic and thermodynamic parameters vs. other reported HER electrocatalysts.
Five vs Six Membered-Ring PAH Products from Reaction of o- Methylphenyl Radical and two C3H4 Isomers
Authors: Shiels Oisin , Prendergast Matthew , Savee John , Osborn David , Taatjes C. A. , Blanksby Stephen , da Silva Gabriel , Trevitt Adam
Published: May 2021

Using VUV synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry, quantum chemistry and RRKM kinetic modeling, our paper identifies the products formed when a substituted aromatic free radical (ortho- methylphenyl) reacts with two C3H4 isomers found in flames – propyne and allene.Both reactions form polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons but profound structural differences result from the nature of the C3H4 isomer. The allene case favors the formation of six-six bicyclic rings (graphitic), while the formation of new five-six membered bicylics dominate for the propyne case. These conclusions are rigorously supported by experiments, calculations and kinetic modelling.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PRINCIPLES IN IDENTIFYING SERVICE USERS REGARDING THE PREVENTION AND ERADICATION OF MONEY LAUNDERING OFFENSE
Authors: Sulchan Achmad , Musofiana Ida , Rusydi A Althof
Published: May 2021

The implementation of principles of identifying service users and suspicious financial transaction report submission for profession aims to prevent money laundering offense by postponing transaction, blocking, investigating and temporarily suspending transaction which is carried out by PPATK (Financial Transaction Reporting and Analysis Center). The method used in this study was juridical normative or legal doctrinal research, which is a legal research using secondary data conducted by emphasizing and juridical aspects. Legal-normative research is a library research, which is a research on secondary data including private documents, books, and official documents issued by government. The normative approach emphasized juridical issues regarding the legal rules on money laundering offense. The result of the study of the implementation of the principles in identifying service users regarding the prevention and eradication of money laundering offense isidentifyingservice user while having a business relationship involving suspicious financial transaction related to money laundering offense. The informant questions the validity of information provided by the service user, which necessitate the implementation of the principle of identifying the service user in carrying out banking transaction. The factors promoting the occurrence of money laundering offense in various countries consist of 9 aspects, namely: globalization, technological advancement, banks’ strict secrecy policy, the possibility of saving using an alias or anonymous, the emergence of electronic money, the possibility of layering practice, the confidentiality of lawyer-client and accountant-client relationships, the government unseriousness in eradicating money laundering offense and the lack of money laundering criminalization.
4D Printing with Bio-based Polymers for Adaptive Wearable Devices
Authors:   , Fu Yejun
Published: May 2021

Compared to conventional manufacturing processes, 3D printing has proved
its capability of building various structures with high accuracy and
material economy. 4D printing adds the fourth dimension, time, to 3D
printing technology. Changing through time is a key property of products
built by 4D printing. This research focused on bio-based responsive
materials, as a means of initiating change and transforming 3D printing
to 4D printing. A number of studies have been done to develop the
performance of responsive materials or to explore geometric structures
for these materials in order to configure products that can benefit from
this transformation. Precedents in medical field show great potential
for combining bio-based materials with 4D printing in manufacturing
highly customised products that adapt to the shape, movement and
physiological requirements of a human body. This research project was
initiated by the development of printable and responsive bio-based
polymers through the National Science Challenge (NSC) Portfolio 5
Spearhead Project “Additive manufacturing and 3D or 4D printing of
bio-composites”. The research is inspired by the adaptability and
biocompatibility of the medical precedents and explores the possibility
of engaging 4D printing in building wearable devices; exemplified by an
adaptive wrist splint for progressive rehabilitation. This included
researching wound healing processes and related rehabilitation methods
to determine the required functionality of the splint and exploring
relevant biological structures as inspiration for the design geometry.
Working alongside materials scientists, the design was developed along
two paths. Firstly, using the new experimental polymers and testing
their responsiveness to configure a printable shape- shifting layer of
the splint that adapts to changes in the wrist during the healing
process. Secondly, integrating these experiments into 3D models for an
adaptive splint, comprised of three layers, that responds to the
requirements of progressive rehabilitation. The research challenges the
properties of the new materials and the associated printing processes,
and more research will need to be done to improve both printability and
responsive performance. However, the design of the splint provides a
case study for potential applications in the broader field of wearable
devices that incorporate multiple layers of responsive materials and
different geometries that can adapt to the needs of a human body.
Everything We Hoped For
Authors: Adam Philipa
Published: May 2021

Creative writing thesis.
At the Service of the Unusual: Ways to Write the Built Environment
Authors: Adam Philipa
Published: May 2021

This thesis asks the question: in what ways can the language of
structural engineering inform, alter and enlarge the language of
fiction? My aim is to write our relationship with the built environment
in ways that highlight the strangeness of surroundings that we normally
take for granted in order to amplify what might usually be a muted
aspect of fiction. I argue that 'strangeness' is a useful term since it
suggests something of the paradox of a large built form, that it is both
manifestly solid and still but also basically a machine for balancing
forces that are constantly in motion. The thesis is in two parts: a
critical essay followed by a work of fiction. I use a Translation
Studies framework to identify characteristics of structural engineering
language. The findings of this research inform my creative work. My
research essay starts by investigating imaginative literature that
expresses the built form as symbol or surface. I conclude from this
review that one way of highlighting the strangeness of our built
environment is to express the hidden, inner world of the built form.
Structural engineers have a unique understanding of this inner world
which resists the type of symbolism used in imaginative literature.
After exploring research which investigates pathways between rational
and imaginative literature, I propose an analysis of the language of
structural engineering to uncover characteristics which might inform my
creative project. I use a Translation Studies framework, based on Gideon
Toury's Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) and Hans J. Vermeer's
skopos theory, to analyse a variety of texts written by engineers. This
methodology allows me to identify choices and problems engineers face in
'translating' built forms into written and oral communication. Current
Translation Studies theory recognises the importance of context;
therefore the discussion of my findings begins by summarising
perceptions of the engineering culture, paying particular attention to
writing by engineers about the engineering profession. The following
three chapters deal in turn with how engineers translate features of the
built form associated with: Action and Event, the Relationship between
the Human and the Built, and Aesthetics or Felt Response. I conclude my
essay with a chapter which introduces my creative work, a novel called
I’m Working on a Building, in which I attempt to use characteristics
from the language of structural engineering to restore some of the
strangeness of these structures, and to promote into view aspects of the
physical world which might ordinarily figure as

background or veiled symbol. My aim is that the fiction plays with and
tests some of the ideas in the research essay rather than illustrating
or enacting them. In some ways, the fiction might also contradict the
theoretical observations. For example, to what extent was I able to free
my work from symbolism? Is the act of writing figuratively and indeed
reading a reflexive one? These and other questions raised may generate
further discussion.
Innovative Research on the Blending Learning Mode of Econometrics
Authors: Ge Song , Jian Zhuang , Xia Zhiqing
Published: May 2021

Due to the outbreak of the Covid-19 in 2020, online education has become the mainstream. After the epidemic, the blending learning mode has also become a key goal of the teaching reform of colleges and universities, and the blending learning mode of various courses has blossomed everywhere. In this context, this paper used the Econometrics course as the carrier, analyzed the many unreasonable problems in the traditional Econometrics course, and proposed an optimization plan and path for the blending learning mode to address these problems.
Based on Multimedia and Network Social Environment——A Study of Pragmatic Acquisition in College English Teaching
Authors: Li Jianan
Published: May 2021

With the progress of the times, the number of college students is growing exponentially. But the students who enter the university are various and have their own advantages and disadvantages. Among them, the polarization of students' English level is particularly obvious and serious. Therefore, in view of the contradiction between "not enough to learn" and "unable to learn", this paper makes a preliminary exploration on the pragmatic acquisition mode of College English teaching based on multimedia and network social environment. This paper mainly discusses and analyzes the concept of pragmatic acquisition mode and about how to implement it in practical teaching. In addition, this paper is only for reference in the English teaching industry.
Research on Problems and Strategies of "Learning" from the Perspective of Physical Education Curriculum
Authors: Cheng Ran , Sun Ran , Li Qiang
Published: May 2021

Using literature review, questionnaire survey, mathematical statistics and other research methods, combined with the previous research results of the research team, systematically sort out the problems of "learning" in the "learning, training, competition, and use" physical education curriculum, and how to solve the problems. The strategic research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences aims to promote the scientificization of "learning" in the teaching of physical education courses, thereby improving the quality and efficiency of physical education courses.
A Summary of Research Hotspots in Educational Economics in China during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" Period
Authors: Ren Yi , Fan Li
Published: May 2021

Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, Chinese scholars' research on academic economics has mainly focused on "winning the battle against poverty in education,” "developing modern vocational education,” "promoting educational structural reform," and "achieving the equalization of basic public education services." Analysis on themes such as "Humanization.”
A Review of Speech Rhythm Pattern in Second Language Acquisition
Authors: Zhang Yingxue
Published: May 2021

As an important prosodic feature in the processing of natural languages, speech rhythm refers to the temporal organization of language. The present study reviewed the literature related to speech rhythm pattern of second language. It is indicated most of the previous studies only focused on the ESL learners’ speech rhythm patterns. However, there are a few studies on the rhythm patterns of Mandarin Chinese learners. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the rhythmic patterns of different second language learners because rhythmic cues are important to evaluate the degree of accentedness in speech.
Implementation of PjBL-STEM to Improve Students' Creative Thinking Skills On Static Fluid Topic
Authors: Saefullah Asep , Suherman Andri , Utami Riska Tri , Antarnusa Ganesha , Rostikawati Diana Ayu , Zidny Robby
Published: May 2021

This research aims to investigate the influence of Project-Based Learning (PjBL)- Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) on Students' Creative Thinking Skills. The research method was quasi-experiment using a nonequivalent control group design. Samples were taken using purposive sampling technique from two of 11th-grade science classes as an experimental and a control groups. This study used a test instrument of creative thinking skills. Research data were analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel software. Hypothetical test results were assessed using independent sample t-test, obtained sig value (2-tailed) = 0.01 indicating sig value < 0.05. According to statistical analysis, there is a significant difference between the control class and the experiment class. The n-gain value was obtained with a score of 0.59 (a medium category). This result shows that the application of PJBL-STEM can improve students' creative thinking skills in the static fluid topic (Pascal law).
Analysis of the Quality of the Formative Test Items for Physics Learning Using the Rasch Model in the 21st Century Learning
Authors: Asriadi Muhammad , Hadi Samsul
Published: May 2021

Tests that have good quality are tests that have an even level of difficulty and can be completed as a whole by every respondent with every level of ability. This article aims to identify and analyze the quality of the items from the formative test material for static and dynamic fluids in physics subjects. This research used a survey with a cross-sectional method. Convenience sampling is a sampling technique used in this research. Then the sample in this study were 52 high school students class XI. The research instrument used a formative test for physics subjects, which were then analyzed using the Rasch model with the help of Winsteps software. The results of this study show that this formative test has a reliability level of 0.88 (very good) with a good level of problem difficulty and a good item fit level compatibility and there are no biased items in measurement so that this formative test is feasible to be used as a standard item in measuring students' abilities in materials of static and dynamic fluid in physics subjects.
Advancing Preservice Physics Teachers’ Critical Thinking through Active and Passive Microteaching Lesson Study
Authors: Danday Billy A
Published: May 2021

A pretest-posttest comparison-group quasi-experimental study was endeavoured to unravel the effects of the two forms of Microteaching Lesson Study (MLS), the Active MLS and the Passive MLS, on the critical thinking of aspiring physics teachers. Eighteen Bachelor of Secondary Education specializing in Physical Science students participated in the six-week study. Data were gathered using the Critical Thinking Inventory in Physics and were analysed utilizing the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test, Mann-Whitney U Test, and descriptive statistics. Results revealed that both the Active and Passive MLS have positive effects on the overall critical thinking and on all of the critical thinking sub-skills of the preservice teachers. Results further showed that the Active MLS is significantly more effective than the Passive MLS in developing overall critical thinking and its sub-skills, specifically, inference and interpretation. The implementation of lessons by the Active MLS group in microteaching sessions indicated positive affordances on the development of critical thinking. Further studies involving a greater number of preservice teachers specializing in different fields of science are recommended. The integration of the MLS, especially the Active MLS, in the preservice teaching curricula is deemed a worthwhile engagement.
Terrorism, Surveillance, and Police Powers: An Analysis of Political Ideology and Trust in Government
Authors: Martin Christopher
Published: May 2021

In the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks, law enforcement in the United States began to employ powers and tactics that infringe upon the civil liberties of the suspects that they targeted. Though some of these uses have been challenged and reversed in the courts, there is still a portion of the population that believes that tactics like these, even up to torture, have been justified to combat terrorism. This study seeks to use General Social Survey data about people’s views of the use of expanded police and surveillance powers to combat terrorism to compare these with people’s age, sex, race, education, political ideology, and trust in different branches of the government. This will improve our understanding of who puts more emphasis on security over civil liberties when it comes to terrorist suspects.

Through this analysis, it is found that political ideology was not as important as was thought in the literature. It was found that confidence in the military was the strongest indicator of people favoring policies that expanded surveillance and gave increased power to go after terrorist suspects.
Bienestar emocional y aprendizaje significativo a través de las TIC en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Blanco María Alejandra , Blanco María Eugenia
Published: May 2021

La aparición del covid-19 ha generado el aislamiento social que ha conllevado a sufrir cambios en los estados emocionales y en las prácticas educativas. El estudio tuvo el propósito de identificar el bienestar emocional y el aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes de secundaria a través de las Tics en tiempos de pandemia, en una institución pública de Lima, Perú. La investigación se encuentra enmarcada en el enfoque cuantitativo, investigación exploratoria descriptiva, con un diseño no experimental trasversal. Se incluyó una muestra de 130 estudiantes de ambos géneros 52 varones (40%) y 78 mujeres (60%). El cuestionario fue distribuido y aplicado en línea. Los resultados reflejaron un moderado y bajo nivel de bienestar emocional en las chicas, los chicos obtuvieron un nivel moderado alto en el manejo del bienestar emocional. Así mismo, la adquisición del aprendizaje significativo a través de la TIC en los estudiantes fue moderado bajo, las herramientas empleadas por los docentes limitó utilizar otros recursos y materiales atractivos que impulsará y despertará las ganas de aprender en el educando. Por lo que se recomienda implementar actividades y acciones educativas que ofrezcan la oportunidad de gestionar las emociones y el desarrollo de aprendizajes significativos mediante el empleo de las Tics.
النظام الداخلي للمجلس التشريعي الفلسطيني ونطاق دستوريته
Authors: أبو مطر محمد عبد الله
Published: May 2021

يتناول هذا البحث ماهية النظام الداخلي للمجلس التشريعي الفلسطيني ونطاق دستوريته؛ استناد لأحكام القانون الأساسي الفلسطيني. فتطرق البحث إلى تعريف هذا النظام، وطبيعته القانونية، وطريقة إصداره، ومرتبته القانونية. وقد توصل الباحث إلى أن النظام الداخلي للمجلس التشريعي يشير إلى مجموعة من القواعد التي تنظّم تكوين أجهزته، وشؤونه الداخلية، وكيفية أداء مهامه الدستورية في مجال الرقابة والتشريع، مما يضفي على قواعده الطبيعة الدستورية؛ لتعلقها بالمجلس التشريعي كسلطة دستورية، وعلاقته بالسلطة التنفيذية. كما توصل الباحث إلى أن القانون الأساسي أناط بالمجلس ذاته وضع وإصدار نظامه الداخلي، الذي يحتل مرتبة أدنى من هذا القانون، إلا أن إجراءات تعديل ذلك النظام منحته مرتبة أعلى من القوانين العادية. وفي إطار تناوله لنطاق دستورية النظام الداخلي، توصل الباحث إلى العديد من أوجه عدم الدستورية في تنظيمه لعلاقة المجلس بالحكومة، وفي وظيفته التشريعية، لذلك اقترح عدة تعديلات على النظام الداخلي بما يكفل معالجة أوجه المخالفة الدستورية في ضبط علاقة المجلس بالحكومة، وتنظيم وظيفته التشريعية.
الاعتراض كطريق طعن عادي على الحكم الجزائي في التشريعات الجزائية الأردنية (قانون 2017)
Authors: الطراونه حسن عوض سالم
Published: May 2021

الاعتراض على الحكم الغيابي من الطرق العادية للطعن بالأحكام الجزائية، حيث إنه يثير العديد من الإشكاليات عند نظر الدعوى الاعتراضية، سواء تعلقت هذه الإشكاليات بالتبليغات، أم بالأحكام القابلة للطعن بالاعتراض، أم في حضور المعترض أو وكيله في الوقت المعين لسماع الاعتراض، أم بالطعن بنتيجة الاعتراض. وقد نظم المشرّع الأردني الطعن بالاعتراض في قانون أصول المحاكمات الجزائية، وقانون محاكم الصلح؛ لأهمية هذا الطريق من طرق الطعن، ولأن الحكم الغيابي يعد من أضعف الأحكام الجزائية من حيث القوة، كما أن احتمالية شائبة الخطأ فيه كبيرة، ولكون حق الدفاع حقًّا مقدسًا، فقد أتيح للمحكوم عليه الفرصة للتظلم من الحكم الغيابي الصادر بحقه، لكي تراجع المحكمة حكمها الغيابي، وتعيد النظر فيه على ضوء أسباب الاعتراض التي تقدم بها المحكوم عليه (المعترض)، وقد انتهى البحث إلى تناول جميع الإشكاليات التي تثور أثناء نظر الدعوى الاعتراضية، سواء تعلقت بالتبليغات، أو بالحكم المعترض عليه، أو حضور الأطراف، أو نتيجة الطعن، حيث يترتب على عدم مراعاة مواعيد الطعن بالاعتراض أن يفقد صاحب الحق حقه في الطعن، وما يترتب عليه من خسارة دعواه.
KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLEMENTATION OF OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION IN THE MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT OF MAPUA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Carlos John Christoper G. , Dacoco John Paolo Eriche G.
Published: May 2021

An increasing global demand for competitive graduates set off different universities around the world to shift their educational approach to Outcome-Based Education (OBE). Assessment on the status of the implementation of Outcome-Based Education is beneficial to various sectors of the educational body by using the results as their benchmark in maximizing the effectiveness of the system to their learners. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of implementation of OBE and its association with the scholastic characteristics of the students. The study is a descriptive research that involved the faculty and students of the mathematics department of Mapua university. The results showed that the respondents have a very high level of knowledge and high level of practice on the implementation of OBE. Results also showed that the level of implementation of OBE is associated with the scholastic characteristics of the students. It is then recommended that teachers would continue implementing OBE in mathematics courses as it has great impact on the behavior and performance of the students. In this context the department should come up with a monitoring program so that the effective implementation of OBE is ensured.
Boyhood Masculinity and Violence: How Toys and Sporting Equipment Taught Young Men Violence in Canada, 1900-1950
Authors: Chugg Jocelyn
Published: May 2021

In this essay I discuss the subject of violence and how toys and sporting equipment were used to teach young boys masculine behaviours that were aligned with the heterosexual ideologies of the first half of the 20th century in Canada.
Compassion and Service
Authors: Cosmilla Jeremy Lloyd O.
Published: May 2021

The Korean mission of the Presbyterian Church of Canada, influenced by the success of the social gospel model, built hospitals and dispensaries in Korea on their arrival in 1898. Medical work and evangelization were the primary missions of the physicians sent to Korea. 
Arriving in 1901, Dr. Kate McMillan had a hard time balancing evangelical and medical work, as well as work with the bible-work, women’s city work, fellow missionaries, and training Korean aides enough for them to go to medical school. While most of the female missionaries’ focus were on girls’ and women’s activities, McMillan treated both men and women, evidenced by a letter requesting for the mission to send male physicians as “male patients have diseases which a lady should not be asked to treat.” 
Dr. Florence Murray arrived in Korea in 1921, a year before McMillan’s death in 1922. Murray was pulled into the medical work in Ham Heung rather suddenly, as she was in Seoul learning Korean before McMillan’s death. She doubted McMillan’s expertise and was horrified of how unsanitary the conditions were. Due to funding shortages, the hospital started charging their patients. The patients blamed the new physician for this. 
Gender dynamics of the mission resulted in the “women’s work for women” approach. This gave them an advantage and focus on a certain demographic instead of spreading themselves thin. The rise of the social gospel model created more roles for women, as was the case for McMillan and Murray.