bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cellular Kinetics of 19S and 7S Hemolysin Production in Mice under the Influence of Bacterial Endotoxins
Authors: Finger H. , Beneke G. , Fresenius H.
Published: October 2008

The influence of bacterial endotoxins on the cellular kinetics of 19S and 7S hemolysin production was studied in mice. The following results were obtained: As compared to the primary immunization of mice with sheep red blood cells, the additional injection of endotoxin caused a significant increase of the spleen weight and an accelerated and prolonged multiplication of 19S and 7S hemolysin-forming spleen cells. Accordingly, 7S hemolysin titers were higher and persisted for a longer period of time. In mice treated with endotoxin only, a moderate elevation of the numbers of pre-existing 19S hemolysin-forming spleen cells was detectable, whereas 7S producers could not be found.
Untersuchungen zum Ablauf der Phagozytose in der Peritonealflüssigkeit der Ratte
Authors: Mohr W. , Beneke G. , Dunkel H.-J. , Murr L.
Published: October 2008

Phagocytic activity of mononuclear cells of the rat peritoneal fluid has been investigated at different times, after the addition of foreign red blood cells (sheep and chicken red blood cells). The mononuclear cells phagocytized both types of erythrocytes, but preferentially chicken red blood cells. To a lesser extent the neutrophilic granulocytes phagocytized chicken red blood cells. The investigations showed that in all instances a number of the mononuclear cells exhibited no phagocytic activity even in the presence of free foreign red blood cells.
Some Characters of Staphylococcus aureus 52/52A/80/81 Complex
Authors: Galiński J. , Kryński S.
Published: October 2008

Staphylococcal strains of the 52/52A/80/81 complex were always agglutinated by sera I and 263-1. Sera 263-2, II, 4, 5, and 8 gave positive agglutination in over 90 per cent of the strains, while results obtained with the sera 263-2 and II were coincident. Sera 6, h2, k1-2, and m agglutinated more rarely; they might be used for detailed identification of epidemic strains. Reactions with the other sera used (10, 11, b1c1; h1, i, and n) were rarely observed.
IgA Level Is Associated with Risk for Mortality in an Eighty-Year-Old Population
Authors: Torisu Takehiro , Takata Yutaka , Ansai Toshihiro , Soh Inho , Awano Shuji , Sonoki Kazuo , Kagiyama Shuntaro , Nakamichi Ikuo , Yoshida Akihiro , Hamasaki Tomoko , Matsumoto Takayuki , Iida Mitsuo , Takehara Tadamichi
Published: October 2008

Background: Immunoglobulin levels are elevated in the older people. However, it is unknown whether these levels are related to mortality. Object: To evaluate the association between immunoglobulin levels and mortality. Methods: The study population included 697 individuals (277 males and 420 females) of 1,282 eighty-year-old individuals residing in the Fukuoka prefecture, Japan. The participants were followed for 4 years after the baseline examination. Results: The hyper-IgA group, defined as a serum IgA level >400 mg/dl, had high mortality using Kaplan-Meier analysis (log rank, p = 0.037). Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed a high risk of mortality (hazard rate = 1.233, 95% confidence interval 1.109–1.491, p = 0.031) after adjusting for covariates. The high risk of mortality in the hyper-IgA group was significant in males, but not in females. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that IgA was related to cancer mortality in males (log rank, p = 0.031), but not to pneumonia or cardiovascular disease. IgM and IgG levels were not related to high risk of mortality. Conclusion: Serum IgA levels appear to be a predictor of mortality, especially cancer mortality in males.
Über die Veränderungen der normalen Darmflora des Menschen durch Bactrim®
Authors: Näff H.
Published: October 2008

On investigating the effect of Bactrim on the normal intestinal flora we found that administration for ten days caused no decrease in the absolute number of organisms in the stools of the trial subjects. Cultures showed, however, a slightly lower growth rate. The proportion of bacteroids remained unchanged but there was a slight diminution of anaerobic lactobaciUi and enterococci. Increased growth of enterococci observed in one trial subject could not be attributed with certainty to Bactrim. In all the subjects investigated Bactrim caused complete eradication of enterobacteria; in none was there emergence of pathogenic organisms. Compared with broad spectrum antibiotics given orally, Bactrim exerts a protective influence on normal intestinal flora.
The Effect of Unconjugated Bilirubin and Some Bilirubin Precursors on Cell Culture
Authors: De Ritis F. , Paradisi F. , Maio G.
Published: October 2008

The authors have studied the morphological changes induced by bilirubin, biliverdin, hemoglobin and hemin on HeLa, HEp-2 and HA cell cultures. Since bilirubin uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, the ‘unphysiological’ compound 2–4-dinitrophenol, a powerful uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, was also tested. Bilirubin and DNP induce slight morphological changes in cell cultures and their effects are similar. Hemoglobin and hemin do not cause any noticeable changes in these cell types. By contrast, biliverdin is highly toxic and causes rapid vacuolar degeneration, cytoplasmic shrinkage and, finally, cell death. Our results are discussed and compared with those obtained in other laboratories.
Lyophilization of Human Cytomegaloviruses
Authors: Jung M. , Krech U.
Published: October 2008

Lyophilization of CMV strains was performed at O°C or at 25°C with or without the addition of Parke, Davis additive. Dried viral preparations were thereafter stored at 4°C or at -20°C and tested for infectivity. The results of experiments have shown that CMV can be lyophilized at O°C with little or no loss of infectivity. In contrast, lophilization at 25°C resulted in a considerable loss of infectivity. The infectivity of lyophilized preparations decreased slowly during storage at 4°C, but infectious virus particles could be still detected 523 days after lyophilization. As a rule, the infectivity of lyophilized CMV could be quantitatively preserved at -20°C for at least 191 to 235 days. The use of an additive did not seem to have significantly protected the CMV during lyophilization, but some evidence has been obtained showing a certain protection of lyophilized preparations during storage at -20°C.
Morphologische Plazentabefunde bei Neugeborenen mit intrauteriner Mangelentwicklung
Authors: Emmrich P. , Lässker G.
Published: October 2008

In more than one third of placentas of 29 hypotrophic new-born the placenta was too small in relation to the placenta-child-weight-index. Histologically most placentas showed lesions of the maturation. Together with this fact, malformations of the umbilical vessels, circulatory disturbances and prolonged pregnancy may be the cause of retardation of growth.
Cells Involved in the Immune Response
Authors: Abdou N.I. , Richter M.
Published: October 2008

Adult rabbits, thymectomized and irradiated as adults, are able to mount an immune response to a degree equal to that of normal, untreated rabbits if injected with antigen. These rabbits possess the same number of antigen-reactive cells (ARC) and antibody-forming cells (AFC) as immunized normal adult rabbits. The results strongly suggest that the thymus in the adult rabbit does not provide the precursors of the ARC, is not required as a site for maturation of the ARC, and is not the site of ARC-AFC interaction.
Mycoplasmas in Human Genito-Urinary Pathology
Authors: Altucci P. , Varone G.L. , Catalano G. , Manguso L.
Published: October 2008

Results about isolation of mycoplasma and specific serological diagnosis in male and female patients, normal or suffering from various genital diseases, are reported. In females, large colony mycoplasmas (mostly M. hominis 1) and T-strains have been isolated in similar proportion both from healthy women and from patients either in pregnancy with preceding abortions or suffering from various genital diseases. In males, large colony mycoplasmas (M. hominis 1) and T-strains have also been isolated from several of the patients suffering from acute or subacute non-gonococcal urethritis. T-strains have also been isolated from healthy subjects. Corresponding specific antibodies have been found only in a small percentage of male and female cases. It is concluded that mycoplasmas (M. hominis 1 and T-strain) are usually present as saprophytes in the genital tract. They may sometimes act as pathogens. They may also be etiologically implicated in male non-gonococcal urethritis.
Hepatic Lesions in Aged Rats Given Carbon Tetrachloride and 3-MethylchoIanthrene
Authors: Reuber M.D. , Dove L.F.
Published: October 2008

The effect of 3-methylcholanthrene on carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis of the liver was studied in young and aged male and female Buffalo strain rats. Animals 8 and 76 weeks of age were used. The cirrhosis was more often severe in the older animals given both chemical simultaneously than in those given only carbon tetrachloride. Animals 8 weeks of age did not develop hepatic vein thrombosis or cholangiofibrosis. These lesions were present in 76-week-old rats receiving carbon tetrachloride; however, the incidence was significantly increased in animals given both carbon tetrachloride and 3-methylcholanthrene.
A Geo-Pathological Study on Malignant Melanoma in Japan
Authors: Mori W.
Published: October 2008

Two hundred and twelve autopsied cases of malignant melanoma observed in Japan were studied as to incidence, primary sites, and mode of metastases, mainly from the point of view of geographic pathology. The overall incidence among all autopsy cases was 0.16%. Malignant melanoma in Japan seems to have some specific features such as: (1) a relatively low incidence of cutaneous and a relatively high incidence of non-cutaneous melanoma; (2) lower extremities, especially the sole of the foot, being the primary site of predilection of cutaneous melanoma; and (3) high incidence of mucosal melanomas including those of nasal, paranasal, and oral cavities, the latter being more common in females than in males. These findings are similar to those observed among other colored populations and differ from those noted in Caucasians. The higher incidence of the tumor in the less sunny part of Japan suggests that the role of sunlight in the causation of melanoma is still a moot question.
Failure to Isolate Mycoplasmas from Upper Small Intestine of Man
Authors: Altucci P. , Jori G.P. , Manguso L. , Varone G.L.
Published: October 2008

A screening investigation for mycoplasmas in upper small intestine was carried out in 65 patients, normal or affected by either biliary tract disorders or malabsorptive states. Mucosal biopsies, duodeno-jejunal fluid aspirates and biliary secretions were cultured for mycoplasma growth on appropriate media. Serological studies were performed to detect antimycoplasma antibodies. Both cultural and serological findings were consistently negative. It is suggested that the upper small intestine and biliary tract are not inhabited by mycoplasmas in either normal or pathological conditions.
Investigations on Aerobic Oral and Nasal Flora of University Students
Authors: Çetin E.T. , Anğ Ö. , Töreci K. , Berkiten R.
Published: October 2008

1,112 medical students, 127 2nd year school of dentistry students, 269 2nd year school of pharmacy students and 155 4th year school of science students were screened for the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria in their oral and nasal flora. 691 potentially pathogenic bacteria or yeast strains have been isolated of which 508 were from oral secretions and 183 were from nasal secretions. 508 of the strains were Staphylococcus aureus, 59 β-hemolytic streptococci, 88 Escherichia, 13 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5 Achromobacter, 2 Klebsiella, 2 Haemophilus para-haemolyticus, 3 Candida albicans and 11 other Candidas.
The Effects of Adrenergic Blocking Agents on Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Reactions in the Rat
Authors: Tolone G. , Bonasera Lucia , Bruno R.
Published: October 2008

The effects of adrenergic blocking agents on inflammation have been investigated in rats utilising passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced with anti-BSA antibodies (rat IgGa or rabbit IgG) and BSA. It was concluded that blocking agents do not affect the pathways leading to the release of phlogistic mediators. Our findings have confirmed the role of catecholamines as factors controlling the inflammatory response and have suggested, furthermore, that hormonal activity is mediated by β-adrenergic receptors.
Radioimmunologischer Nachweis von Ferritin mit der «solid-phase»-Methode
Authors: Reller H.
Published: October 2008

A solid phase radioimmunoassay using 131I tagged antigen for the detection of ferritin in human serum is described. Antibodies to human ferritin were adsorbed onto polystyrene test tubes which could be used directly in a well-type scintillation counter. The sensitivity of the method was impaired by a paradoxical peak in the initial portion of the calibration curve. Amounts of ferritin in excess of 25 µg/l00 ml of serum could be detected with an error of not more than ± 15%. The usefulness of the technique was checked on 20 pathological human sera, all of which contained measurable amounts of ferritin. The highest values were observed in 2 sera from patients with hemochromatosis.
Histochemical Localization of Acid Glycosaminoglycans in Human Articular Cartilage
Authors: Lothe K. , Rüttner J.R.
Published: October 2008

Fresh human articular cartilage from patients, 23 to 79 years of age, has been examined histochemically for its distribution of acid glycosaminoglycans. The alcian blue stain with different salt concentration enabled us to localize chondroi-tin sulfate and keratan sulfate in the matrix and in the halos. Young cartilage had a fairly even distribution of chondroitin sulfate, and only the matrix of the deepest zone stained less intensely. With increasing age the intensity of the chondroitin sulfate stain decreased and the tendency for a lack of matrix stain in the deeper layer was more pronounced in old than in young cartilage. In young cartilage, keratan sulfate is exclusively found in the matrix; the halos and their immediate surroundings are unstained. With increasing age and distance from the surface this pattern is less marked and keratan sulfate may be found even inside the halos. In the examined material four of the cartilages, here referred to as slightly arthrotic cartilage, showed an acid glycosaminoglycan distribution which differed from normal as well as from arthrotic cartilage. In these cases the chondroitin sulfate concentration was high in the halos while the matrix itself was unstained. The keratan sulfate distribution was even more deviating in showing an unstained matrix and a ring formation around the secondary halos in the upper half, and intensely stained halos in the lower half of the section.
Über das Vorkommen von Neuraminidase bei Erysipelothrix insidiosa
Authors: Müller H.E.
Published: October 2008

Strains of Erysipelothrix insidiosa were shown to possess neuraminidase. The action of the enzyme on human glycoproteins was demonstrated by immuno-electrophoresis which showed cleavage of acetylneuraminic acid and an increase in the isoelectric point. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed enzyme-induced changes in acid α1-glycoprotein, α1-antitrypsin, α2-macroglobulin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, transferrin and hemopexin. Further proof of the existence of neuraminidase and exclusion of the enzyme neuraminic acidlyase was provided by paper chromatography. Gel filtration of culture broth revealed enzyme activity in two different fractions with distinct molecular weights. The enzyme appears to be an isoenzyme. The isoenzyme of lower molecular weight is produced always with maximal activity after about 100–150 h. In young cultures it is present in small amounts only. The possible pathogenetic role of E. insidiosa neuraminidase is discussed.
Nosematosis as an Accompanying Infection of Plasmacytoma Ascites in Syrian Golden Hamsters
Authors: Meiser J. , Kinzel V. , Jírovec O.
Published: October 2008

A microsporidial infection of a transplantable plasmacytoma ascites in hamsters is reported. Intracellular parasites in tumor ascites smears, in monolayer cultures and in infected mice, rats and guinea pigs were identified as Nosema cuniculi. This is the first time that this organism has been described in tumors of hamsters. The microscopic and taxonomic characteristics for identification have been described. A method of identification by means of cell culture has been devised in view of a possible human pathogenicity for these protozoa.
Untersuchungen über die Zellvermehrung im weissen Fettgewebe der Maus bei durch Aurothioglukose experimentell erzeugter Adipositas
Authors: Rakow L. , Beneke G. , Mohr W. , Brauchle I.
Published: October 2008

Epididymal fat pads (white adipose tissue) of adult male albino mice of the NMRI strain rendered obese by the administration of aurothioglucose were investigated. Cytophotometric measurements (DNA content of single cells), chemical determination of DNA content of fat pads, determination of average fat cell diameter (as a mean of calculating the number of fat cells), and, to determine cell proliferation, radioautography, were employed to demonstrate changes in the number of fat cells and of cells of connective tissue. It was found that the number of fat cells did not change during the development of obesity, indicating that increased amounts of fat to be stored failed to constitute a stimulus for cell proliferation. In contrast, connective tissue and blood vessels revealed striking increases in cellular proliferation. The number of connective tissue cells was found to be correlated to the amount of fat stored in fat cells. Increased storage of fat thus increases the requirement of connective tissue and of blood supply.
Über experimentelle Vermehrung von Lipofuscin am Chinesischen Zwerghamster
Authors: Haudenschild Ch. , Studer A.
Published: October 2008

1. In the kidney of Chinese dwarf hamsters (Cricetulus griseus) iron-negative pigmentation with characteristics of lipofuscin is found after treatment with high doses of amidopyrine (pyramidon), whereas no significant pigmentation is observed after reduced food intake and administration of phenacetin or acetylsalicylic acid. 2. In the parenchymatous cells of the liver iron-negative pigmentation is provoked by reduced food intake, but not significantly increased by additional treatment with phenacetin and acetylsalicylic acid. Amidopyrine induces exclusively iron-positive pigment, the Kupffer cells are practically unpigmented. 3. In contrast to the rat, which stores lipofuscin in the proximal tubules of the kidney, the Chinese dwarf hamster stores the pigment mainly in the parenchymatous cells of the liver. 4. Neither functional disorders nor inflammatory changes of the kidney are observed.
Adjuvant Effect of Endotoxin on Primary Antibody Formation in Irradiated Rats
Authors: Elekes E. , Merétey K. , Várterész V.
Published: October 2008

Adult rats were irradiated (750 R) and were given sheep red blood cells (SRBC), with or without 100 µg E. coli·26 endotoxin, between 1 to 29 days after irradiation. Serum haemolysin titers, plaque forming cell (PFC) counts and relative spleen weights were determined 5 days after SRBC administration. During the 1st week after irradiation endotoxin treatment induced a mild decrease in PFC. From the 10th day on endotoxin resulted in a comparatively earlier regeneration of the antibody forming capacity. By the end of the 1st month the antibody response to SRBC returned to normal levels in the endotoxin + SRBC treated group, while irradiated animals remained impaired. Anti-SRBC PFC and anti-E. coli·26 antibody producing cells showed close parallelism. These results suggest that the antigenic property of endotoxin may play a role in its adjuvant action.
Lésions pulmonaires expérimentales provoquées par des mycobactéries atypiques chez le lapin sensibilisé
Authors: Galbenu P. , Cristea M. , Bogdanescu V.
Published: October 2008

Rabbits were sensitized either by Mycobacterium bovis, by atypical mycobacteria, or left unsensitized. Each group was then subdivided into 2 subgroups, one being challenged with Mycobacterium bovis and the other with atypical mycobacteria. The lesions in the sensitized animals were circumscribed, consisting of cavities and nodules with and without caseification. In the unsensitized animals diffuse pneumonic processes were prodominant. The lesions induced by atypical mycobacteria differed from those induced by Mycobacterium bovis only quantitatively in being less severe.
Hybridization of Guinea Pig Anti-Ferritin and Anti-Rabbit Intestinal Sucrase
Authors: Knüsel A.
Published: October 2008

Guinea pig immunoglobulin G directed against ferritin and against rabbit intestinal sucrase was treated with pepsin. The resulting F(ab’)2 fragments were then reduced to Fab’ and recombined to yield hybrid antibody. It was found that for the complete reduction of guinea pig F(ab’)2 to Fab’, the concentration of the reducing agent (2-mercaptoethylamine/HCl) needed to be at least 5 times higher than the one required for rabbit F(ab’)2.
Use of New Bacteriophages for Phage-Typing of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pillich J. , Kocourková D. , Křivánková M. , Pulverer G.
Published: October 2008

The present paper shows the use of new phages to improve phage typing of Staphylococcus aureus. Ninety S. aureus strains, mostly isolated from chronic infections, were tested with the international set of phages (RTD and 1,000 × RTD) and with the polyvalent phages S1 and S2 (RTD). Thirty-eight of these 90 staphy-lococci were nontypable, but 27 could be typed with a series of new phages in RTD (S3– S21).
Nicotine and Cardiogenesis
Authors: Gilani S.H.
Published: October 2008

The effects of nicotine on the cardiac development were studied in the chick embryos of 2–4 days of incubation. Hearts were observed to be smaller than normal with irregular beat. Circulation of the blood was slow and erratic. In most of the embryos, hematomas were prominent in the cephalic and heart regions. The following cardiac malformations were obtained: aortic stenosis (14%), common truncus arteriosus (5.7%), ventricular septal defects (10.3%), malformations of the aortic valve (12.3%) and pulmonic valve (10%). Other malformations included atrial septal defects (5%), thin atrial wall (6.3%) and thin ventricular wall (7%). No defects were found in controls. These studies have demonstrated that nicotine is toxic at the early stage of heart development and can lead to cardiac anomalies.
Edwardsiella tarda Associated with Human Disease
Authors: Bockemühl J. , Pan-Urai R. , Burkhardt F.
Published: October 2008

On the basis of 25 cases of human infection observed in Thailand, and an evaluation of the available literature, Edwardsiella tarda may be regarded as an enteropathogen capable of producing disease similar to the clinical pattern of salmo-nellosis, i.e. intestinal disorder varying from mild diarrhea to acute gastroenteritis with fever, vomiting and watery stools. Infants and old persons tend to be more susceptible and to react with a more severe course of illness. Healthy carriers are found rarely. Generalized infections which are sometimes observed in patients with reduced resistance do not present specific features. The primary natural habitat of E. tarda has not yet been ascertained. Reptiles and marine animals may be tentatively considered natural reservoirs. The 34 strains investigated in this study exhibited a biochemical pattern identical with that published by Ewing et al. – D-Tartrate – in contrast to the findings of Saka-zaki – was not utilized.
A Micromethod for the Anaerobic Utilization of Glucose by Staphylococci
Authors: Leonardopoulos J. , Dimitracopoulos G. , Papavassiliou J.
Published: October 2008

The authors compared the anaerobic utilization of glucose by staphylococci in Hugh and Leifson medium to a micromethod described by Hannan and Weaver [1948] modified by McDade and Weaver [1959]. When the micromethod was used, 50 of 74 strains of S. aureus (67.5%) and 18 of 28 strains of S. epidermidis (64.2%) gave a positive test within 8 h, while the remaining were positive within 20 h. In Hugh and Leifson medium [1953] only 85.1% of S. aureus and 82% of S. epidermidis were positive within 24 h. The micromethod is recommended for the rapid demonstration of anaerobic utilization of glucose by staphylococci.
Biological Properties of Escherichia coli Isolated from Pathological Material
Authors: Venugopal Saroja , Bhaskaran C.S.
Published: October 2008

Escherichia coli strains isolated from cases of puerperal and postabortal sepsis and from non-pathological material were tested for 4 properties: haemagglutination, phosphatase production, haemolytic activity and dermonecrosis. A significant difference with respect to haemagglutination was found. Strains isolated from the septic group were more active than those from the non-pathological material. Hence the haemagglutinating property was regarded as a character of a pathogenic strain of E. coli in uterine infections. No significant differences were observed in phosphatase production, haemolytic activity and necrotizing capacity between these 2 groups. No correlation was observed between haemagglutinating activity and the other 3 properties tested to show any interrelationship between these characters.
Cells Involved in the Immune Response
Authors: Haasz R. , Richter M.
Published: October 2008

Normal outbred adult rabbits obtained from the same breeder at different times and from different breeders at the same time display a difference in their capacity to give a primary humoral immune response with respect to conventional antigens. This variation in response is characterized by marked differences, both in terms of sensitivity to the amount of antigen injected, and in terms of the resistance or susceptibility of the response to whole body irradiation. Thus, the humoral immune response may ensue through the participation of both the antigen-reactive cell and antibody-forming cell or through the mediation of the antibody-forming cell only. These 2 cell pathways can be differentiated on the basis of their sensitivity to irradiation.
Effect of Immunosuppression on the Development of the Adjuvant-Induced Granuloma in Mice
Authors: Krueger G.R.F.
Published: October 2008

Mice of strains C3H, BALB/c, C57B1, and Swiss were sensitized with CFA and immunosuppressed with thymectomy, antilymphocyte serum, or azathioprine. Investigation by light microscopy included the primary injection site, the secondary injection site, the draining lymph nodes, and the tuberculin skin test site. Immunosuppression therapy led to a marked decrease in small lymphocytes of the primary granuloma and to negative tuberculin skin tests. Draining lymph nodes showed reduced numbers of small lymphocytes. While thymectomy and antilymphocyte serum affected most markedly the cellular immune response and its morphologic expression in the lymph nodes, azathioprine was less specific acting on all cells from a certain state of differention onwards. The dissemination of the primary granuloma to other organs was not significantly influenced by immunosuppression.
Untersuchungen zur Mitreaktion der Pleura bei peritonealen Reizungen
Authors: Mohr W. , Beneke G. , Murr L.
Published: October 2008

Intraperitoneal injection of phytohemagglutinin in rats resulted in ascites and hydrothorax with a high content of hyaluronic acid. Cell proliferation was increased 48–72 h after PHA application in the mesothelial layer of peritoneum and pleura. It is suggested that intraperitoneally injected PHA stimulates mesothelial cell proliferation and is transported via lymphatic vessels to the pleural cavity.
Eine einfache Methode zur Messung des postmortalen Durchflusses interkoronarer Anastomosen
Authors: Barmeyer J.
Published: October 2008

A simple method for determining post mortem anastomotic flow in the heart is presented. The method hinges on the assumption that by perfusion of only one coronary artery pressure gradients are present in the contralateral coronary artery that allow passage of fluid to the area of the contralateral artery. At first both coronary arteries are perfused simultaneously yielding the flow volume A. Intercoronary flow does not result since no pressure gradients are present between the two coronary arteries. Either coronary artery is then perfused separatedly, yielding the flow volume B and C. In both cases pressure gradients are present in the contralateral vessel so that fluid could pass through intercoronary anastomoses. Since the sum of the flow volumes B and C always exceeds the flow volume A, the difference between B + C and volume A must necessarily indicate the extent of the intercoronary flow from the left to the right and from the right to the left coronary artery.
Time Relationships between Injection of Antigen and Adjuvant
Authors: Finger H. , Bartoschek M. , Emmerling P.
Published: October 2008

The influence of Bordetella pertussis was tested, both at the cellular and humoral levels, when the bacterial adjuvant was administered 2 days before the secondary immunization of mice with 4 x 108 sheep erythrocytes. Under these experimental conditions, a significant suppression of the secondary response was induced, without influencing the process of priming for the tertiary immune response. From this it is suggested that B. pertussis cells act as non-specific proliferative stimuli, caused by the toxic damage of cells which are involved with the early steps of antibody formation.
Plazentabefunde bei Neugeborenen diabetischer Mütter mit einem Geburtsgewicht unter 3000 g
Authors: Emmrich P. , Gödel E.
Published: October 2008

From a material of 250 newborns of diabetic mothers we have selected 45 cases with a birthweight of less than 3,000 g. Among those, there were 14 doubtful and positively growth-retarded newborns. Retardation is supposed to be due to maternal diabetes, malformations of the umbilical cord and of the newborns, abuse of nicotine during pregnancy, and postmaturity and toxaemia. In the light of all our investigation results it seems likely that intrauterine somatic retardation is caused by maternal diabetes per se.
Early Effects of Cyclophosphamide on Mouse Bladder Epithelium
Authors: Campobasso O. , Berrino F.
Published: October 2008

The early effects on mouse bladder epithelium of both acute and chronic stimulation by cyclophosphamide are described. Initial damage is similar to that reported in rats and dogs. The mechanism of repair, however, is somewhat different, in that it is very slow and is not followed by hyperplasia. The biological aspects of this repair mechanism are discussed.
The Immunogenicity of Proteus vulgaris OX 19 in the Rabbit
Authors: Drew R.L. , Thompson S. , Pardoe G.I.
Published: October 2008

The relationship between the structure and conformation of an antigen (the Gram-negative organism, Proteus vulgaris OX 19 NCTC 8363) and that of its specific antibody in immune complexes is discussed with reference to the formation of anti-allotype and anti-idiotype antisera in rabbits.
Role of Mast Cells and Eosinophils in Tissue Injury Caused by Injection of Ascaris Fluid in the Rat
Authors: Tolone G. , Brai M. , Bonasera L. , Bellavia A. , Pontieri G.M.
Published: October 2008

Ascaris fluid was found to cause a phlogistic response when injected into the peritoneal cavity of rats. Evidence was provided that such an inflammatory reaction is determined by damage to mast cells, followed by histamine- and serotonin-release in tissues. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that Ascaris fluid does not act by a direct cytotoxic effect on mast cells, but by release of mast cell lytic factors from eosinophils. The meaning of such a phenomenon, relative to the function displayed by eosinophils in tissue injury, is discussed.
«Farmer’s Lung» beim Pferd
Authors: Pauli B. , Gerber H. , Schatzmann U.
Published: October 2008

A form of allergic pneumonitis which clinically and pathologically corresponds to farmer’s lung of man has been studied in eight horses. The disease was characterized by eosinophilia of the peripheral blood and nasal secretions, intra-cutaneous responses to allergenic mixtures of dust from food and bedding and by development of precipitins for Micropolyspora faeni and Aspergillus fumigatus. The clinical course of attacks of dyspnea and coughing also are in keeping with the diagnosis of farmer’s lung. Pathological changes in the lungs begin as acute interstitial peumonitis, hyaline membrane formation, infiltration by mononuclear cells and widespread formation of intravascular fibrin masses. These changes progress to a chronic state with epithelial hyperplasia and fibrosis of the lung parenchyma. Thus, the diagnosis of farmer’s lung is confirmed by clinical and serological changes, as well as by structural tissue changes.
Polyribosomes of Normal and SV40(MK2) Virus-Infected LLC-MK2 Cells
Authors: Valladares Y. , Iturriza R.G. , Alvarez Y. , Tabarés E. , López S.
Published: October 2008

LLC-MK2 cells are susceptible to SV40(MK2) virus which produce a nonlytic infection with small virus yield. A very small input multiplicity of virus produces marked effects. After an early stage of protein synthesis inhibition, virus activity is associated with the formation of polyribosomes, especially those of fractions 7 (tetraribosomes), 5 (pentamers), and 1 (polysomes with 7 and more ribosomal units). This is followed by changes in ribosomal activity, leading to a generalized inhibition of protein synthesis through the formation of inactive polyribosomes by subunit binding, which may be due to alteration of the dissociation factors, or to the modification of the ribosomal proteins. Inhibition of protein synthesis is responsible for the low virus yield.
Replication of Influenza A Virus in Suspensions of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells Kept in vitro. Results Obtained by the Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Authors: Haller O.
Published: October 2008

Suspensions of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells maintained in vitro were infected with the tumor-adapted strain WSA of influenza A₀ virus and studied by the fluorescent antibody technique. Replication was found to follow the sequence established for influenza virus infection in several cell systems: The nucleoprotein antigen became first detectable in the cell nucleus 2 h after infection and could be seen in the cytoplasm 2 to 3 h later. The hemagglutinating antigen remained in the cytoplasm throughout, where it first appeared 3 h after infection. A constant feature not previously described was the emergence of brightly fluorescing granular spots in the cytoplasm during the first 2 h of infection. These early spots did not seem to represent the virus input, since their number per infected cell was independent of the multiplicity of infection. They could be revealed with the aid of post-infectious mouse sera, but not with sera of mice immunized with killed virus. They may represent a new antigenic entity appearing early in the replication cycle.
Postmortem Changes in the Rat Myocardium
Authors: Burch G.E. , Tsui C.Y. , Harb J.M.
Published: October 2008

The hearts of 5 normal adult rats were studied histologically and electron microscopically to learn the structural changes that develop postmortem. The hearts were wrapped and stored at 4 °C and sections collected for study immediately after death and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 24, 28, 32 and 48 h thereafter. The most pronounced changes were noted on electron microscopy and are described and illustrated in detail. It is possible, therefore, and important to learn the time course of the postmortem alterations in the myocardium due to autolysis so that these changes can be distinguished from changes due to antemortem disease.
Pale Cell Acanthoma (Degos)
Authors: Montoya A.
Published: October 2008

Pale cell acanthoma is a not uncommon benign, chronic, epidermal neoplasm which favors the older age groups and tends to appear as a solitary elevated lesion usually on the lower extremities. The microscopic picture is pathognomonic. There is no tendency to spontaneous remission or to malignant change. Treatment is by excision. Nine typical cases are recorded and the reported ones diagrammatically tabulated.
Diffuse ‘Asbestosis-Like’ Interstitial Fibrosis of the Lung
Authors: Rüttner J.R. , Spycher M.A. , Sticher H.
Published: October 2008

A case of diffuse interstitial fibrosis of the lung resembling asbestosis is presented. Chemical, mineralogical and electron microscopical investigations revealed platy silicates but no asbestos. Mica, kaolinite and feldspar, all platy minerals, show like asbestos fibres a reduced intrapulmonary transportability compared to granular quartz particles. This results in a diffuse rather than a nodular type of pneumo-coniotic fibrosis.
La réaction d’hémagglutination passive pour la syphilis (antigène Reiter)
Authors: Engelbrecht E. , Denis Colette
Published: October 2008

Formaline-alcohol fixed sheep erythrocytes are sensitized with sonified Reiter protein antigen under different conditions. It is found that after 3 months storage a factor appears in the antigen, which is probably identical with the factor responsible for the precipitation of the serum proteins in abandoned cultures and which we therefore call ‘seroprecipitating factor’. Due to this factor, erythrocytes sensitized with old batches of antigen agglutinate in normal serum. As this factor has a much higher affinity for tannic acid than for bis-diazobenzidine, tannic acid is less suitable as a coupling agent than bis-diazobenzidine. When the erythrocytes are sensitized with freshly prepared antigen by means of bis-diazobenzidine, they are not agglutinated by normal serum nor by ‘biologic false positive’ sera. With these erythrocytes the syphilitic sera used for this study, showed agglutinating titers ranging from 1 : 20 to 1 : 320. When the cells are treated separately with bis-diazobenzidine first and antigen later, they are also suitable for a rapid slide hemagglutination test. The sensitized erythrocytes can be lyophilized. As lyophilization provokes a loss of antigenicity, the sensitization has then to be done with twice the normal concentration of antigen. The best results are obtained when all the constituents of the sensitized cell suspension are ten times concentrated.
Isolierung des Virus der zentraleuropäischen Zeckenenzephalitis in der Schweiz
Authors: Wandeler A. , Steck F. , Fankhauser R. , Kammermann Barbara , Grešíková M. , Blašcovič D.
Published: October 2008

The first isolation of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Switzerland is reported. The isolation was made from a dog with acute symptoms of a severe central nervous disorder. The histopathological examination of the brain revealed a disseminated, in many areas massive leptomeningitis and encephalitis. The virus isolation was achieved by intracerebral inoculation of white mice with a pool of dog brain material. The virus isolate showed the physicochemical and serological properties of the Central-European tick-borne encephalitis virus.
Eriochrome Black, a Means for Reduction of Nonspecificity in Immunofluorescence
Authors: Fey H.
Published: October 2008

Fluorescent preparations with a high degree of nonspecific background staining were treated with a 1 : 60 or 1 : 30 (w/v) aqueous solution of Eriochrome black for 10 sec and then remounted. Nonspecificity was thereby considerably reduced. The technique was applied to cryostat sections of guinea pig lymph nodes containing Serratia marcescens and E. coli, with tissues of mice suffering from a pneumococcus septicemia, with Brucella-positive bovine placentas and with brain impressions of rabid foxes, mice and a cat. In all the systems studied, the fluorescent conjugate was purified only by gel filtration through Sephadex G-50, a further fractionation by ion exchange chromatography was shown to be superfluous.
Diffuse Ultrastructural Glomerular Alterations in Apparent ‘Focal’ Schönlein-Henoch Nephritis
Authors: Ben-Bassat Mina , Stark H.
Published: October 2008

The ultrastructural features of Schönlein-Henoch nephritis in a 6-year-old child are described. The electron-microscopic study revealed diffuse glomerular involvement consisting of a focal nodular thickening and splitting of the glomerular basement membrane, subendothelial electron-dense deposits in the axial portions of the capillary loops and swelling and reticulation of the endothelial cell cytoplasm. These findings demonstrate that in this case, the nephritis involved all glomeruli, although the light microscopy revealed only focal and segmental lesion.
Influence of Pretreatment of the Redoxpotential Electrode on the Determination of Oxygen Pressure in Bacterial Cultures
Authors: Jacob H.-E.
Published: October 2008

In bacterial cultures and buffer solutions the redoxpotential values depend on the condition of the electrode surface. This is shown by comparison of various pretreatments of the electrode. In order to obtain a fast response of the redoxpotential as a function of changes in oxygen pressure and to measure redox’ potential-values accurately, mechanical cleaning and polishing of the platinum electrode is recommended.
On the Mode of Action of Silver Sulfadiazine
Authors: Wysor M.S. , Zollinhofer R.E.
Published: October 2008

Silver sulfadiazine (CF-100) binds to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) but not to ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA degradation is not observed. Nucleic acid and protein synthesis are not inhibited by silver sulfadiazine in cell-free systems. Conformational changes in the DNA are observed as evidenced by altered thermal transition, suggesting that silver sulfadiazine is inhibiting DNA replication.
Effect of Repeated Isoproterenol Administration in Young Rats. A Histological and Serological Study
Authors: Yarom R. , Laufer A. , Davies A.M.
Published: October 2008

Young rats were injected repeatedly with large doses of isoproterenol either daily for 3 days or once weekly for 2, 3 and 4 weeks, and sacrificed at different time intervals. The histological changes in the myocardium were described and compared with those found in rats given single doses of the drug. Rats sacrificed one week or more after isoproterenol injections showed focal cellular myocardial lesions. The possible mechanisms of their production is discussed. Serological examinations were performed by the haemagglutination method and no circulating anti-heart antibodies were detected.
Renal Effects of Antituberculous Antibiotics
Authors: Raab W.P.
Published: October 2008

Changes in renal enzyme excretion (leucine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase activities in urine) were recorded in rats following administration of rifampicin and ethambutol. The doses employed were approximately one third LD50. No significant changes in renal enzyme excretion were observed. It is concluded that rifampicin and ethambutol do not exert noxious effects on the kidneys. For comparative purposes, two nephrotoxic antibiotics, streptomycin and kanamycin were investigated similarly. Those provoked significant changes in renal enzyme excretion.
Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen über den Infektionszyklus von Influenza A-Viren in Ehrlich-Aszites-Tumor-Zellen
Authors: Bächi T.
Published: October 2008

The complete replication cycle of influenza A virus was studied by means of the electron microscope in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells kept in vitro. Adsorption of virus in the cold followed by incubation at 36°C produced synchrony of early infection. Using high multiplicities of infection, specific phagocytosis of viral particles could be shown. Twenty-five to 90 min after penetration the virus disintegrated within phagocytic vesicles. Events during the eclipse phase could not be observed. Morphological changes in the nucleus 6 h after infection (at a time when budding of viral particles at the cellular periphery was already taking place) seemed to be phenomena of secondary nature. The budding process was studied by thin sectioning and freeze etching, which allowed a re-interpretation of the viral structure.
The Inducible β-Galactosidase (β-D-Galactoside Galactohydrolase EC 3.2.1.23) of Klebsiella aerogenes NCIB 9479
Authors: Pardoe Grace I.
Published: October 2008

The conditions are described for inducing biosynthesis of specific β-galactosidase (β-galactoside galactohydrolase EC 3.2.1.23) by Klebsiella aerogenes NCIB 9479. The enzyme is associated with the bacterial cell wall and may be isolated as an extracellular protein from the cell-free culture filtrate. The enzyme has been partially purified and cleaves natural and synthetic β-galactoside substrates. There was no detectable cleavage of substrates having α-galactoside, β-glucoside, N-acetyl- β-glucosaminide end-groups and no detectable protease activity. The specificity of induction was investigated using mono- and oligo-saccharides of known structure, and macromolecules whose immunodominant structures were characterised. Effective inducers had β-galactosyl end-groups. The presence of free galactose in induction experiments using macromolecular inducers, was indicated using galactose oxidase, isolated and partially purified from mycelial cultures of Dactylium den-droides.
In vitro-Untersuchungen über das Vorkommen von Neuraminidase bei Bacteroides-Arten
Authors: Müller H.E. , Werner H.
Published: October 2008

By means of immunelectrophoresis and paper chromatography strains belonging to Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Bacteroides distasonis as well as unidentified Bacteroides strains were shown to form the enzyme neuraminidase. Strains isolated from pathological material exhibited a significantly higher neuraminidase activity than isolates from stool specimens. The neuraminidase activity of B. fragilis strains was higher than that of the other Bacteroides species. Towards the various glycoproteins of human plasma the neuraminidase of B. fragilis showed a pronounced substrate specifity, which decreased in the following sequence: hemopexin, α2-HS-glycoprotein, γA-globulin, transferrin, acid α1-glycoprotein, haptoglobin, α1-antitrypsin, coeruloplasmin, β2,-glycoprotein-I and α2-macroglobulin. B. fragilis neuraminidase, which was statistically correlated with the pathogenicity of the species, differed from the neuraminidases of the other Bacteroides species by a stronger activity against the first five glycoproteins mentioned above.
Untersuchungen über die Phagozytoseaktivität von Peritonealflüssigkeitszellen während der Neonatalperiode der Ratte
Authors: Mohr W. , Beneke G. , Dunkel H.-J. , Murr L.
Published: October 2008

Phagocytic activity of rat peritoneal fluid cells was investigated after the injection of foreign erythrocytes into the peritoneal cavity of 1 to 30 days old rats. Peritoneal mononuclears as well as neutrophilic granulocytes phagocytised the erythrocytes. Age related differences in the phagocytic activity were not observed. It is concluded that single cells are mature for phagocytosis from the first day of extrauterine live.
Growth of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Human Myeloblasts
Authors: Baumberger U.
Published: October 2008

A strain of Vesicular Stomatitis virus, serotype Indiana (VSV), was compared after a single in vitro passage and after 16 in vitro passages in human white blood cells from patients suffering mostly from acute myeloid leukemia. The in vitro growth characteristics of these two virus lines in white blood cells (predominantly myeloblasts) from a patient with acute myeloid leukemia were measured, starting with low multiplicities of infection. No differences were seen in the following parameters: Length of latency phase, growth rate, final titer, thermal inactivation rate, plaque size, titer difference in chick embryo vs. human diploid cells, and extent of neutralization by a standard rabbit antiserum. Infectivity titrations in chick embryo cells gave consistently about ten times higher values than the same titrations done in human diploid cells, strain Wi38. More than 1,000 infectious units of VSV (as measured in chick embryo cells) were produced per myeloblast within 44 h. It was concluded that a single passage was sufficient to fully adapt VSV to human myeloblasts.