bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZATION OF THE LAND USE STRUCTURE OF THE POLTVA RIVER BASIN
Authors: Shipka Marianna
Published: December 2021

Ensuring the ecological sustainability of the territory is possible in the case of the optimal ratio of different types of lands. In particular, it is important to have sufficient areas of eco-stabilizing lands (forests, meadows, protected areas, etc.). Of great importance are the features of land use in coastal areas, areas with high steep slopes and areas with soils susceptible to degradation. Ecologically sustainable land use can reduce the risk of soil degradation processes, provide an optimal microclimate, good hydrological conditions and promote the protection of small rivers.

To provide recommendations for improving the structure of land use in the Poltva river basin, a map of optimization of the structure of land use using the ArсGIS 10.0 program was drawn up. For this purpose, a map of slope steepness was constructed, an interpretation of space images was made to compile a map of land use structure and a map of the soil cover was digitized. As a result of the analysis of the map of land use structure the peculiarities of the ratio of types of lands in different parts of the studied territory by integral indicators are determined. The coefficients of anthropogenic load, ecological stability of land use, ecological stability of landscapes, ecological balance and others are calculated. Areas with different degrees of anthropogenic transformation of lands are identified. The relationship between the peculiarities of natural conditions (geological structure, relief, soil cover) and land use of the territory is analyzed.

As a result of overlapping maps of slope steepness, soil cover and land use, areas with different risk of soil degradation processes and plowed coastal areas were identified. The map of land use structure optimization is compiled according to the method of allocation of ecological and technological groups of lands. According to this technique, lands are differentiated by the steepness of the slopes.

The proposed optimization of land use involves the use of phytomeliorative and agrotechnical measures: plowing across the slope, soil-protective crop rotations, the creation of forest belts, land conservation, etc. Recommended optimization measures include the withdrawal from agricultural cultivation of peatlands, steep slopes, floodplains, hollows, coastal protection zones of rivers and streams. The implementation of the proposed optimization measures will reduce plowing, increase the share of eco-stabilizing lands and improve the integral indicators characterizing the ratio of different types of lands. A compiled map of land use structure optimization can be used for land management and environmental activities.

Key words: anthropogenic load, land use, ecological and technological groups of lands, river basin, optimization, Bug river.
МЕТОД ПРИСКОРЕННЯ ВИКОНАННЯ ЗАДАЧ НЕЙРОННИХ МЕРЕЖ НА ГЕТЕРОГЕННИХ СИСТЕМАХ CPU-GPU
Authors: Rusinov Volodymyr , Cherevatenko Oleksii , Pustovit Leonid , Pustovit Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

У статті розглянуто питання використання гетерогенних систем CPU-GPU для прискорення вирішення задач, пов’язаних із навчанням нейронних мереж. Досліджено основні архітектурні відомості, застосовані в кінцевій архітектурі гетерогенної системи. Розроблено метод на основі лінійної регресії для розподілу задачі між процесором та відеоприскорювачем. На основі методу, проведені експериментальні дослідження на зазначених системах. На основі отриманих результатів був проведений аналіз на основі визначених коефіцієнтів прискорення
Les fake news et le croire chrétien en milieux africains. Approche d’un phénomène médiatique et sociopolitique
Authors: Mukulu Mbangi Sylvain
Published: December 2021

Cette étude veut répondre à une préoccupation : savoir contextualiser tout discours théologique. En ce sens, elle s’attèle sur les enjeux du croire chrétien dans un monde marqué les infox. Tout en établissant dès le départ que l’existence des fausses nouvelles est intrinsèquement liée à l’humanité, mais que de nos jours, leur viralité est concomitante de l’évolution du numérique, les exemples analysés dans cet article montrent que les fake news demeurent également en Afrique un phénomène sociopolitique et médiatique aux impacts multiples. C’est dans ce cadre des enjeux de la foi en Afrique face aux fausses nouvelles que l’étude examine la richesse symbolique de la tradition chrétienne pour nommer le faux et sa conception de la vérité avant de formuler, dans une perspective œcuménique et interreligieuse, des pistes de réflexion pour la foi comme acte de discernement dans sa rencontre avec les fake news.
The importance of the autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine for the confessional policy of the Russian Federation in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Orzechowski Marcin , Wejman Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

The subject of the article is an analysis of the impact of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine's autocephaly process on Ukraine's relations with the Russian Federation. Orthodoxy, understood as both a religious institution and a denomination, has been a constant and most important component of Russia's identity since the very beginning of its existence. It remains the dominant religion in the Russian Federation, despite the religious diversity resulting from the multi-ethnic nature of the state. The aim of the article is to analyze the role of the Orthodox Church in the internal and foreign policy of the Russian Federation. In Russian-Ukrainian relations, it played an important role in supporting activities such as the annexation of Crimea or support for pro-Russian separatists in the Donbas. The position of the Russian Orthodox Church in contemporary Russia is also associated with a specific type (model) of the policy pursued by that state, referred to as "confessional policy (diplomacy)", integrally connected with the issues of religious security of the country. The analysis of the content of the program documents of the state institutions of the Russian Federation and internal organizations of the Russian Orthodox Church allows to distinguish the so-called differentia specifica, characterizing the community of assumptions and the identity of actions undertaken by state and church institutions in Russia. Church institutions are perceived as the so-called The "national" church of the Russian Federation. This results in the Church becoming entangled in various parapolitical affiliations, which in turn has specific implications in the political and interfaith sphere. The authors, on the basis of the conducted analysis, conclude that the autocephaly of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine is essential for the country's independence from Russia – it strengthens the Ukrainian national identity and limits Russian influence in this country.
Ekumenizm w optyce ewangelizacji w ujęciu papieża Franciszka
Authors: Kałużny Tadeusz
Published: December 2021

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest prezentacja kluczowych aspektów ekumenicznej wizji papieża Franciszka w perspektywie ewangelizacji. Na początku zwrócono uwagę na współzależność ruchu ekumenicznego i ewangelizacyjnej misji Kościoła. Następnie przedstawiono w kluczu misyjnym wybrane elementy ekumenicznej wizji papieża Franciszka: naturę i cel dążeń ekumenicznych, model jedności oraz podstawowe wymiary dynamiki dążenia do jej urzeczywistnienia. W końcowej części sformułowano wnioski i wskazano na zagadnienia domagające się dalszych badań. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że postrzeganie ekumenizmu w optyce ewangelizacji stanowi ważny klucz do lepszego zrozumienia ekumenicznej myśli i aktywności papieża Franciszka.
Efficacy of flipped classroom method in teaching-learning physiology
Authors: Patkar Kshitija Umesh , Patkar Umesh Suresh , Kolte Vrunda Subhash
Published: December 2021

Objectives:

The overall goal of the study was to foster self-directed learning, critical thinking and problem-solving skills in 1st-year medical students. Another goal was to create interest in learning by making it more interactive. As per the requirement of a competency-based medical education curriculum, we tried to use a novel teaching method called Flipped classroom method to meet our goals. Hence, the objectives of this study were: (1) To compare the effect of flipped classroom method and didactic lecture on students’ performance in the topics from renal physiology by MCQ test. (2) To obtain students’ perception about flipped classroom method in learning physiology. (3) To obtain teachers’ perception about flipped classroom method in teaching physiology.

Materials and Methods:

Flipped classroom method was introduced for teaching two topics in renal physiology for first MBBS students. This cross-over experimental study included 112 first M.B.B.S. students, after taking their informed consent and Ethics Committee permission. They were divided into two groups according to odd and even roll numbers. In the first part of the study, Group A (odd roll numbers) attended the didactic lecture on Renal Clearance (RC) and Group B (even roll numbers) attended the didactic lecture on Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). These topics were taught by two different teachers in two different classrooms. They were administered pre-test and post-test in the form of case-based MCQs which tests knowledge, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills on the topic. In the second part, two groups were swapped. Group A attended flipped class for G.F.R. and Group B attended flipped class for RC. They were again administered pre-test and post-test in the form of the same MCQ test. The teacher remained the same for the particular topic. For the flipped class, students came prepared with the topic. They were provided with resource materials of the allotted topic 1 week prior, in the form of pre-recorded lectures and videos. Students’ feedback in the form of a questionnaire and teachers’ feedback in the form of the interview was obtained. Marks obtained by students after didactic teaching and flipped classroom method teaching were compared by “Student’s t-test.”

Results:

The post-test score of students in the flipped class was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the post-test score of students in didactic class. More than 85% of students agreed and strongly agreed that the flipped classroom method improved their learning in renal physiology and it increased their confidence in answering the topic in the final exam. Near about 50% of students liked the flipped class method because of its interactive nature and discussion which was based on the application of knowledge. The teachers were more satisfied by flipped classroom method of teaching.

Conclusion:

Flipped classroom method is an effective teaching-learning method in physiology when compared with a didactic lecture.
Angiogenesis-modulating properties of ethanolic extract of Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin
Authors: Yazdanipour Nahid , Khorashadizadeh Mohsen , Sarab Gholamreza Anani
Published: December 2021

Objectives:

Angiogenesis has been known to have a critical role in the tumour growth. Different studies indicated that angiogenesis was stimulated by hypoxia. In the present study, we assessed the anti-angiogenesis activity of ethanolic extract of Ferula assa-foetida (EEFA) on hypoxic-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Materials and Methods:

The F. assa-foetida gum extract was characterised by total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC). The active compounds of EEFA were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then, cytotoxic effects of EEFA on the growth of HUVECs were assessed using MTT assay, wound healing and cell cycle analysis. The expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Akt,HIF-1, VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) and VEGFR-2 genes was also quantified by Real-Time PCR. GeneMANIA and EnrichR databases were used to predict gene network interactions for the studied genes and their mechanism.

Results:

The TFC and TPC of the extract were 26 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract and 5.45 mg quercetin/g, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of anti-angiogenic components in EEFA. Our data showed that EEFA had no cytotoxicity effect on HUVECs. The obtained results also indicated that EEFA prevented the proliferation and migration of HUVECs. Expression analysis showed that EEFA significantly decreased the VEGF-A mRNA level in the hypoxia-induced HUVECs. No change was found in the VEGFR-2 gene expression following treatment with EEFA in the HUVECs. However, the significantly upregulation of the VEGFR-1 gene expression was observed in the EEFA-treated HUVECs. The bioinformatics analysis of gene-gene interaction network also showed that the studied genes play an essential role in the regulatory pathways of angiogenesis and cancer.

Conclusion:

These findings provided evidence about the anti-angiogenesis role of EEFA, suggesting that this could be considered in the cancer therapy.
Primary spinal dorsal extramedullary germ cell tumor: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Vij Mukesh , Bhardwaj Sandeep
Published: December 2021

Background:

Primary spinal extramedullary germ cell tumor are very rare. Germ cell tumor are similar histologically to germ cells of genital organs and may arise rarely from central and peripheral nervous system.

Case Description:

We report a case of 20-year-old male who presented with progressive lower extremity weakness, spasticity, and numbness of legs. Patient was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging dorsal spine which revealed extramedullary mass in dorsal (D2-D3) level with severe cord compression. Tumor was found to be extramedullary with histopathology consistent with germ cell tumor. Patient was given radiotherapy and chemotherapy postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Primary spinal extramedullary germ cell tumors are very rare and are very sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy. Various management and treatment protocols are available across institutions in the world. We recommend adequate decompression of cord with biopsy followed by local radiation and chemotherapy. As these are rare tumors, presenting with significant neurological deficits should always be kept in the differential diagnosis.
Role of topical vancomycin in reduction of postoperative infections in head trauma patients: A developing country experience
Authors: Atallah Ahmed , Elbaroody Mohammad , Hassan Ahmed A. Aziz N. , Ali Ahmed M. , Elhawary Mohamed E.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Postoperative cranial wound infections are a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and financial burden, especially in developing countries.

Methods:

We prospectively studied 86 patients in a randomized trial; 39 patients received one gram of topical vancomycin powder in the subgaleal space while 47 matched control patients did not. Both groups received identical intraoperative and post-operative care. The primary outcome variable was the postoperative wound infections rate factored by cohort. Secondary outcomes were the timing of infection and the rate of adverse events.

Results:

Adding topical vancomycin was associated with a significantly lower rate of infection than the standard of care alone (2.6% [1/39] vs. 14.9% [7/47], P =.004). No adverse reactions occurred.

Conclusion:

Topical vancomycin is safe, and effective in the prevention of surgical site infections following craniotomy. These findings have broad consequences for neurosurgery practice, especially in developing countries with high incidence of head trauma.
Posterior resection of sacral osteosarcoma utilizing cement-infused chest tube interbody reconstruction and lumbopelvic fusion
Authors: Carpenter Amanda M. , Iqbal M. Omar , Majmundar Neil , Chiappetta Gino , Danish Shabbar , Sonntag Volker
Published: December 2021

Background:

Primary osteosarcoma (OS) of the spine is very rare. En bloc resection of spinal OS is challenging due to anatomical constraints. Surgical planning must balance the benefits of en bloc resection with its potential risks of causing a significant neurological deficit. In this case, we successfully performed a posterior-only approach for decompression with S1 reconstruction via a cement-infused chest tube interbody device, along with a navigated L4 to pelvis fusion.

Case Description:

A 49-year-old female presented with a primary sacral OS. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed an S1 lytic vertebral body lesion with severe stenosis and progressive L5 on S1 anterior subluxation. Surgical decompression with tumor resection and S1 corpectomy with S1 reconstruction via a cement-infused 32-French chest tube interbody device accompanied by L4 -pelvis fusion utilizing S2-alar-iliac screws was completed. 6 months postoperatively, the patient continues to have significant pain relief and the instrumentation remains intact.

Conclusion:

A 49-year-old female with an S1 OS successfully underwent a posterior-only approach that included an S1 corpectomy with anterior column reconstruction via a cement-infused chest tube interbody plus a navigated L4 to pelvis fusion.
THE PROBLEM OF APPLYING THE LAW OF UNKNOWN STATES IN INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Shumilo Inesa , Kostin Mykyta ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Shapoval Artem ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the problems of application of the law of unrecognized states in private international law. The study describes the main conceptual approaches to the possibility of national courts to apply the law of unrecognized states in the regulation of private law relations. Emphasis is placed on the arguments "for" the right of courts to take into account the rules of domestic law of unrecognized states, the case law on the issue selected for study is studied. According to the results of the research, it is concluded that the international legal recognition of the newly formed countries and the determination of the status of its national legislation and, as a consequence, the possibility of its application by national courts remain controversial today. Under the outlined conditions in the process of settling private law relations, the competent jurisdictions of the countries face the problem of applying the law of foreign states that have not gained worldwide recognition, which objectively causes controversy on the issue of mandatory rules of conduct, law in force in its territory. . Given the fact that today a significant number of unrecognized countries have "proven their viability" and are integrated into the international market, we still consider it appropriate to gradually adopt the effect of private law, even an unrecognized state. National courts, taking into account the specific case and the expediency of applying the private law of an unrecognized state, should apply them if these rules effectively regulate specific private law relations.
DEFINITIONS OF CATEGORIES PURPOSE AND TASKS OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE MODERN CRIMINAL PROCESS
Authors:   National Aviation University, Patiuк Svitlana
Published: December 2021

"Definitions of categories, the goal and objectives of criminal proceedings in modern criminal proceedings" analysed the legal norms and provisions of doctrinal concepts to determine the goals and objectives of criminal proceedings. The author formulated conclusions and generalizations that since criminal proceedings are a sphere of state activity, it depends on the direction of the political course of the state, changes in state policy, which always leads to a change in the ideology of the criminal process as a whole, including the transformation of goals and objectives criminal proceedings. The purpose and objectives of criminal proceedings depend on the historical form of the criminal process, a common feature of which is the ratio of freedom (interests) of the individual and the state, expressed in the procedural position of the main participants in the process. Criminal procedure legislation and doctrine define the resolution of a dispute (conflict) between the state and the accused arising as a result of the commission of a crime as the goal of the criminal process in most countries in which the adversarial nature of criminal proceedings prevails. As the goal of criminal proceedings in the modern theory of criminal procedure, it is proposed to consider the protection of the individual, society and the state from criminal offences in the settlement of criminal-legal conflicts arising as a result of these offences. The goal in the criminal process determines the setting of tasks and represents the ultimate conclusion from the sum of all the tasks being implemented. The task of criminal proceedings should be determined taking into account the functional purpose of the subjects of criminal proceedings, and therefore the task is the fulfilment of his duty by a participant in criminal proceedings, which is determined by his functional purpose, based on the principle of competition of the parties.
LIST OF WORKS PROHIBITED FOR WOMEN: RELEVANCE, NECESSITY, SIGNIFICANCE
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Krasiuk Tetiana , Liepilova Viktoriia ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: December 2021

In this paper we will consider the most relevant theoretical and practical aspects of the issue related to the problem of discrimination of women in Ukrainian labor law regarding their choice of profession. Vision of the role of men and women in society, their duties, prohibitions and rules were formed centuries ago, but such views have been reformed in accordance with the global development of society over the past decades. Scientific and technological progress has significantly improved the living conditions of people, including the process of working. However, the practice of countries applying restrictions on women's access to certain range of professions remains. In this regard, this article reflects the main aspects of the issue of limiting the opportunity of realizing women's labor abilities. Due attention is paid to gender-based occupational segregation, as well as gender discrimination at the legislative level. The reasons for implementing restrictions on women's access to certain professions are analyzed. The main factors that influenced the change in the position of the state on this issue are highlighted. The diametrically opposite positions and arguments on the issue of prohibition of certain types of work for women were investigated. The article examines the potential directions of state policy in the field of employment of women in heavy work and work with harmful and dangerous working conditions. The author concludes that the position of women and their status have changed which is due not only to legislative acts, political processes and achievements of scientific and technological progress, but also to changes that have taken place in the social consciousness.
UP-TO-DATE STATE OF THE REFORM OF THE DECENTRALIZED STRUCTURE OF UKRAINE: EXISTING SHORTCOMINGS AND OBSTACLES IN IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Boldyriev Serhii , Chubar Serhii ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: December 2021

Up-to-date state of implementation of the reform of the decentralized structure of Ukraine in this scientific work has been analyzed. A professional analysis of the current state of affairs regarding the implementation of decentralization has been provided in this research. Significant shortcomings, obstacles and risks have been identified, which have a regressive character in the process of obtaining decentralization achievements. Trends in socio-economic and financial development and threats in Ukraine have been identified, taking into account the economic crisis, the pandemic caused by COVID-19, and foreign economic activity. The article dealt with essential legislative changes to the Constitution of Ukraine, which in the future will be able to solve existing problems, described the importance of the delimitation of competences and powers of central government and local government. A vast majority of the issues have been identified regarding the expediency of enlarging the administrative-territorial boundaries of the state, eliminating duplication of powers by various public authorities. It has been stated about the need to introduce reasonable and balanced fiscal decentralization in Ukraine, which will be able to provide Ukrainian society with opportunities for financial growth, stability, ability to develop and meet the needs of the community of the required quality and quantity. The scientific work has been identified the need to include in the Constitution of Ukraine a provision on the prevalence of a decentralized system of public power. It is essential to enshrine in the articles of the constitution the specific powers of local authorities, which would provide legal guarantees in their activities. The article describes that the change of administrative-territorial boundaries of the state causes a number of obstacles that may become critical in the exercise of powers by public authorities. It has been determined that for the introduction of fiscal decentralization in Ukraine it is necessary to unquestioningly adhere to the principle of subsidiarity, which should specify the scope of powers of public authorities and serve as a tool to curb the centralized system of public administration.
ESTABLISHMENT AND CURRENT STATE OF LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT OF WIND ENERGY IN UKRAINE
Authors:   National University «Odessa Law Academy», Karakhanian Karyna
Published: December 2021

The article considers the legal basis for the formation and development of the country's energy sector, in particular, the issue of energy production from renewable sources, among which the leading place belongs to wind energy. The tendencies of the world energy market, which minimize the negative impact on the environment, as well as the tendencies of development of this branch in Ukraine are investigated. It was stated that for our country wind energy is one of the strategic directions of development of the sector of alternative energy sources, given the high dependence of the country on imported energy, primarily natural gas, and significant potential for wind power, taking into account the location, climate and terrain. However, unfortunately, the pace of development of wind energy in Ukraine still lags significantly behind European ones. It is noted that the legislative provision of the use of wind energy in Ukraine as a source of alternative energy is characterized primarily by the number of bylaws, general declarative legislation, as well as some inconsistencies in legal regulation. An analysis of current legislation and a number of regulations governing the development of the industry in general and wind energy in particular. A review of the norms that relate purely to the issues of the research area and their features and direction of legal regulation. In addition, it was stressed that Ukraine's accession to European initiatives, as well as borrowing international experience in this area should positively affect the energy balance and ensure the development of the sector, in particular, in the light of the need to create a full competitive environment in Ukraine's energy market; changes in heat generation by renewable energy sources and the full transformation of coal regions, which means the gradual closure of unprofitable enterprises with the parallel creation of alternative jobs in these regions.
MEDICAL LAW IN UKRAINE: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Sukhodubova Irina , Irzhavska Veronika ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: December 2021

The article considers the issue of branch affiliation of medical law. In particular, numerous studies conducted by recognized experts and scientists on the independence of the field of medical law are analyzed. The relevance of the allocation of medical law in a separate branch of law of Ukraine is highlighted. Since the sectoral affiliation of medical law remains uncertain, this indicates the relevance, feasibility and necessity of a comprehensive study of the sectoral affiliation of medical law of Ukraine. In general, it is determined that medical law is a complex branch of law that includes a set of legal norms that regulate public relations in the health care system. The review of literature sources summarizes the state of the legal framework for the regulation of medical activities in Ukraine. When considering various sources and scientific works, the state of the regulatory framework for the regulation of medical activities and the health care system in Ukraine is summarized. The relevance of the allocation of medical law in a separate branch of law of Ukraine is highlighted. For this purpose, state bodies face the task of creating a separate complex branch of medical law. And before scientists - the development of medical jurisprudence as a separate branch of legal science. It can be concluded that such a document as the Medical Code of Ukraine is one of the tools for implementing the state health policy. Methods of improving and overcoming problematic situations in the system of legal regulation of health care are considered. The general provisions of the Medical Code are defined and the important features which should be contained in the corresponding codified act are specified. It is noted that the creation and adoption of an appropriate code will contribute to the quality and effective legal regulation of legal relations in the field of health care, as well as in the field of medical care, should become a reliable foundation of medical law.
ON THE ADAPTATION OF UKRAINIAN LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR PROTECTION TO THE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Bredikhina Viktoriia , Ignatyuk Yuliya ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: December 2021

Atmospheric air is one of the main vital elements of the environment. The constant growth of the negative anthropogenic impact on it leads to a deterioration in the ecological state of the environment, an increase in morbidity and an increase in the risk of mortality among the population. This article explores the basic principles of legal protection of atmospheric air, on which EU legislation is based. In particular, ‒ is taking into account influences, practical reach, the principle of universality, uncertainty of requirements for specific technologies, the principle of the best available technologies, as well as the principle of "pollutant pays". The authors also analyzed the standards and standards of air quality of the EU, proposed ways to solve the problem of improving national legislation in this area, bringing it in line with international standards. The experience of some European countries proves the need and importance of implementing effective standards of air pollution, since ignoring such normalization can lead to detrimental consequences not only in Ukraine but also around the world. The article states that the regulatory and legal regulation of this sphere in the EU is effective and in a sense exemplary, because with the help of various legal instruments effective air protection is carried out, adaptation to climate change, which makes it possible to properly ensure environmental safety of the population not only in Europe, but also around the world. Ukraine, by adopting relevant regulations at the present stage of the development of legal regulation, takes generally successful steps in the field of approximation of its environmental legislation to EU legislation. However, this process is still gaining momentum and does not exclude problems, contradictions that can inhibit this approximation.
PROSPECTS FOR UKRAINE'S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Boichuk Dmytro , Ignatyuk Yuliya ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: December 2021

Since the declaration of independence of Ukraine, our state aims to be recognized in the international arena. However, recognition is not the only goal, an important step is to join international organizations. The development of Ukraine in the world in today's conditions is based on the principles of European integration, taking into account the fundamental values of Western culture, which are an important aspect of civil democratic society: parliamentarism, liberalization, the rights of national minorities, human rights, freedom of movement, freedom of education of any level, etc. In recent years, any issues of Ukraine's foreign policy are quite relevant among the discussions of the Ukrainian society. The issue of European integration is one of the most important and characterized by the insolvency of this problem. Ukraine's participation in the processes of the European community is the subject of discussion not only in political circles, but also among the population. This article examines the general characteristics of the European Union, also clarifies the goals and principles of the EU, which in particular are aimed at maintaining peace and stability in Europe, adhering to the common values of the EU between all member states and ensuring the welfare of the peoples of the member states. The fundamental ideas and principles of the EU are defined, which are based on ensuring the free movement of people, goods, services and capital between member states. The problem of Ukraine's accession to the European Union, the main requirements for EU membership are investigated. This determines the relevance of the chosen topic for scientific research. An important part of the study is the definition of the directions of cooperation between Ukraine and the EU, including: energy, trade and investment, justice and internal affairs, approximation of the legislation of Ukraine to the EU legislation, environmental protection, etc. Also in this study we find out the readiness and current state of political reforms of the state of Ukraine on the way to joining the EU, as a result of which it is concluded that it is insane, the prospects of membership are, confirmation of this is a number of agreements on cooperation in different spheres, but the key aspect is to bring into line with internal legislation to acquis communautaire.
CORRUPTION AS A NEGATIVE SOCIAL PHENOMENON IN MODERN GLOBALIZED SOCIETY
Authors:   Ukrainian-American Concordia University, Bevzo Halyna , Kerechan Dmytro ,   Аcademician Stepan Demianchuk International University of Economics and Humanities, Lutska Kateryna ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: December 2021

The article examines corruption as a negative social phenomenon in today's globalized society. The essence of the concepts of corruption and administrative corruption and the characteristic features of corruption are analyzed. The main causes of corruption in Ukraine have been identified. It is established that corruption is a negative social phenomenon in today's globalized society. It is determined that corruption is a phenomenon that is constantly evolving, transforming, adapting to the conditions of development of legislation, society, state, while its essence and negative impact remain unchanged. Corruption in a particular society can be overcome only by effectively combining several key factors and methods of combating it and implementing the relevant legislation, where regulations do not contradict each other. The following problems in the sector of architecture and urban planning of Ukraine, as the lack of publicity of information in the field of urban planning and land use; defective system of state control and regulation in construction; inefficiency of available control tools and insufficient transparency of road construction, repair and use processes; lack of public information about cultural heritage sites, inconsistencies in urban planning and monument protection legislation. It is established that in order to ensure favorable economic development of the state, it is necessary to improve the legal and organizational base for overcoming corruption in the sector of architecture and urban planning of Ukraine. A promising area of further research on this issue is to assess the effectiveness of the legislative process in the field of anticorruption is to ensure transparent public administration, representing both scientific and applied value and strategy development, public authorities with individuals and legal entities.
Synthesis of Vinylene-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks by Monomer-Self-Catalyzed Activation of Knoevenagel Condensation
Authors: Bi Shuai , Meng Fancheng , Wu Dongqing , Zhang Fan
Published: December 2021

Reticular chemistry on the basis of thermodynamically controlled linking modes and numerous organic building blocks has constituted versatile crystalline frameworks in molecular-level precision. However, vinylene-linked organic frameworks (COFs) are still quite far from flexible tailoring either in their structures or topologies, due to the lack of monomers with sufficient activities. Herein, we established a strategy to synthesize vinylene-linked COFs via Knoevenagel condensation of a tetratopic monomer 2,2’,6,6’-tetramethyl-4,4’-bipyridine (TMBP) with linear aromatic dialdehydes in a mixed solvent of benzoic anhydride and benzoic acid. Mechanism investigation suggested that the condensation was promoted by a pyridine-self-catalyzed benzoylation upon the cleavage of benzoic anhydride solvent molecules. The layered structures of the resultant COFs were highly crystallized into orthorhombic lattice with vertically aligned AA stacking mode, delivering high surface areas up to 1560 m2 g-1. The pi-extended conjugated skeletons comprising para-bipyridyl units and vinylene linkages endow these COFs with substantial semiconducting properties, releasing visible light-stimulated catalytic activity in water-splitting hydrogen evolution with a rate as high as 3300 μmol g-1 h-1.
A Sequence-to-Sequence Transformer Model for Disconnection Aware Retrosynthesis
Authors: Byekwaso Andrea , Vaucher Alain C. , Schwaller Philippe , Toniato Alessandra , Laino Teodoro
Published: December 2021

Retrosynthesis is an approach commonly undertaken when considering the manufacture of novel molecules. During this process, a target molecule is broken down and analyzed by considering the bonds to be changed as well as the functional group interconversion. In modern computer-assisted synthesis planning tools, the predictions of these changes are typically carried out automatically. However there may be some benefit to the decision being guided by those executing the process: typically, chemists have a clear idea where the retrosynthetic change should happen, but not how such a transformation is to be realized. Using a data-driven model, the retrosynthesis task can be further explored by giving chemists the option to explore specific disconnections. In this work, we design an approach to provide this option by adapting a transformer-based model for single-step retrosynthesis. The model takes as input a product SMILES string, in which the atoms where the transformation should occur are tagged accordingly. This model predicts precursors corresponding to a disconnection occurring in the correct location in 88.9% of the test set reactions. The assessment with a forward prediction model shows that 76% of the predictions are chemically correct, with 14.1% perfectly matching the ground truth.
Phosphinate MOF formed from tetratopic ligands as proton conductive materials
Authors: Kloda Matouš , Plecháček Tomáš , Ondrušová Soňa , Brázda Petr , Chalupský Petr , Rohlíček Jan , Demel Jan , Hynek Jan
Published: December 2021

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are attracting attention as potential proton conductors. There are two main advantages of MOFs in this application: the possibility of rational design and tuning of the properties, and clear conduction pathways given by their crystalline structure. We hereby present two new MOF structures, ICR-10 and ICR-11, based on tetratopic phosphinate ligands. The structures of both MOFs were determined by 3D electron diffraction. They both crystallize in the P-3 space group and contain arrays of parallel linear pores lined with hydrophilic non-coordinated phosphinate groups. This, together with the adsorbed water molecules, facilitates proton transfer via the Grotthuss mechanism, leading to the proton conductivity up to 4.26∙10-4 S cm-1 for ICR-11.
Structure-Guided Optimization of Small-Molecule Folate Uptake Inhibitors Targeting the Energy-Coupling Factor Transporters
Authors: Kiefer Alexander F. , Bousis Spyridon , Hamed Mostafa M. , Diamanti Eleonora , Haupenthal Jörg , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: December 2021

Here, we report on a potent class of substituted ureidothiophenes targeting energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters, an unexplored target, which is not addressed by any antibiotic on the market. Since the ECF module is crucial for the vitamin transport mechanism, prevention of substrate uptake should ultimately lead to cell death. By utilizing a combination of virtual and functional whole-cell screening of our in-house library, the membrane-bound protein mediated uptake of folate could be effectively inhibited. Structure-based optimization of our hit compound yielded low-micromolar inhibitors, whereby the most active compounds showed in addition potent antimicrobial activities against a panel of clinically relevant Gram-positive pathogens without significant cytotoxic effects.
Simulation of an Advanced Geothermal Energy Conversion Plant in Perú
Authors: Chauca Paredes Sofia , Rojas García Graciela , Porto Power George
Published: December 2021

This investigation aims to simulate an efficient plant that generates energy through a solar-geothermal hybrid energy conversion system with supercritical steam, Therminol VP1, geothermal fluid and R134a refrigerant. The goal is to exemplify a hybrid solution that optimizes and takes advantage of the existing  properties of the solar and geothermal power cycles. The geothermal part of the process, the primary cycle, is augmented by the solar thermal cycle to obtain a high-efficiency result. In addition, it allows the reader to understand the ideal process of this type of plant and a thermodynamic analysis represented by creating a detailed model block flow diagram, which is then turned into a dynamic one used to examine the selected parameters such as temperature, flow rate, and pressure variations. The dynamic model approximated the thermal values of the heat exchangers and the working fluids in the exchangers, solar collectors, piping and in the storage tanks.
Brotherhood in Tension: The Militarized Appropriation of Homosocialism and Homoeroticism
Authors: Croce Juliette
Published: December 2021

The military is an institution that relies on norms of masculinity allegedly to sustain social cohesion between units and its identity as a “brotherhood.” This reliance subordinates femininity within the military culture and ostracizes the feminized individuals who serve. Simultaneously and paradoxically, militaries integrate homosocial, homoerotic, and feminized behaviors within their practices, traditions, and norms. This article looks at how this appropriation manifests, particularly in the German Armed Forces, locating various feminized practices adopted by military units over the past century and the adverse consequences of this appropriation. In analyzing these behaviors, I argue that this appropriation at the heart of military identity perpetuates heterosexual, hypermasculine norms that the institution idealizes by reinforcing gendered and heteronormative boundaries. In turn, I contend that this further marginalizes feminized individuals in militarized settings, particularly gay men.
Eksistensi Perempuan dalam Novel Guru Aini Karya Andrea Hirata: Kajian Feminisme Eksistensial
Authors: Meiferawati Ariskadyani
Published: December 2021

This paper analyzes the existence of women’s existence in Andrea Hirata’s Guru Aini. This study aims to determine the existence of women in the novel. This is a descriptive qualitative research with existential feminism approach. The writer analyzes the data obtained by identifying, classifying, describing and drawing conclusions. It can be concluded in this study that there are several texts that include words and sentences which indicate the female character named Desi in the novel is able to bring out her existence as a female figure in the novel.Abstrak Tulisan ini menganalisis eksistensi perempuan dalam novel Guru Aini karya Andrea Hirata. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui eksistensi perempuan dalam novel tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan feminimisme eksistensial. Penulis menganalisis data yang didapat dengan cara mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasi, menguraikan, dan menarik kesimpulan. Ditemukan beberapa teks yang meliputi kata dan kalimat yang menunjukkan bahwa tokoh perempuan bernama Desi pada novel tersebut mampu memunculkan eksistensiya sebagai sosok perempuan.
Особливості взаємодії магнітно-абразивного інструменту з оброблюваною поверхнею в умовах кільцевої ванни
Authors: Майборода Віктор Станіславович , Заставський Костянтин Олегович , Жук Роман Борисович
Published: December 2021

Досліджено особливості поведінки магнітно-абразивного інструменту (МАІ) і характер зміни сил переважно фрикційного походження, що виникають під час магнітно-абразивної обробки (МАО) циліндричних зразків діаметром 16 мм, виготовлених з феро-, пара- і діамагнітних матеріалів, що виникають у робочих зазорах кільцевого типу шириною 35 мм залежно від швидкості обертання навколо осі кільцевої ванни в діапазоні 100–300 об/хв, частоти обертання навколо власної осі від 0 до 80 рад/с, при магнітній індукції в зонах обробки 0,18 і 0,25 Тл, магнітно-абразивних порошкових матеріалів різного типу та розміру. Показано, що величина ефективного моменту тертя змінюється в діапазоні від 0 до 1,4 Нм. Ідентифіковано три області технологічних умов МАО: 1) область формування квазістійкого магнітно-абразивного інструменту; 2) область стабільно сформованого МАІ; 3) область з аномальним зростанням / падінням сил тертя. Аналіз отриманих закономірностей дозволив ідентифікувати процеси, пов’язані з особливостями поведінки частинок МАІ в процесі МАО при безпосередньому контакті з робочою поверхнею, а також умови утворення зон заклинювання, що виникають між полюсними наконечниками і поверхнею деталей. Показано, що використання порошків з округлою формою частинок при МАО в зазначених вище умовах обробки забезпечує переважне пластичне деформування поверхневого шару зразків з пара- і діамагнітних матеріалів. Найбільше на зміну сил фрикційного походження впливає зростання розміру частинок магнітно-абразивних порошків. Вплив зміни сил магнітного поля в досліджуваному діапазоні несуттєвий.