bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’introduction du tirage au sort dans les élections dans la République de Genève (1691)
Authors: Barat Raphaël
Published: June 2019

À partir de 1691, le sort intervient à deux niveaux dans les élections des magistrats de la République de Genève. Au stade de la nomination en Petit Conseil, dans les élections des auditeurs, du procureur général et du trésorier général, on « retranche » au hasard un tiers des billets, qui sont brûlés avant le dépouillement. Pour les auditeurs, le sort intervient à nouveau au stade de la « rétention » finale des prétendants par le Conseil général : avant le vote des citoyens, deux des six prétendants sont « exclus par la boule noire ». Si la pratique du « retranchement » est abandonnée en 1700, le recours aux « boules noires » continue jusqu’à la Médiation de 1738. Si les sources existantes permettent difficilement d’évaluer l’effet du sort dans les élections, nous pouvons en revanche nous pencher sur la façon dont il a été justifié lors de son introduction en 1691, et sur les problèmes qu’a pu poser sa mise en place pour les différents acteurs. Il s’agit d’abord de décourager les brigues « en rendant la nomination incertaine ». Ce recours au sort s’inscrit aussi dans une réflexion plus large sur la difficulté de moraliser les élections, et constitue une réponse aux critiques de plus en plus nombreuses sur le manque d’efficacité des serments. Nous montrerons enfin quels problèmes posait la mise en scène du tirage au sort – recours à un enfant, exclusion en Petit Conseil ou « à la vue du peuple » ?
Représentation politique et usage du tirage au sort au Mexique 1808-1857
Authors: Serafín Castro Alexei Daniel , López-Rabatel Liliane
Published: June 2019

Le présent article a pour objectif d’exposer l’usage du tirage au sort dans le domaine politique au Mexique durant la première moitié du xix e  siècle, particulièrement durant la période allant de 1808 à 1857. En désaccord avec la majorité des opinions académiques, il émet l’hypothèse que le tirage au sort ne s’éteint pas totalement avec le triomphe du paradigme de la représentation politique des parlements modernes, mais qu’il survit dans la tradition hispanique et hispano-américaine. Nous exposons sommairement l’usage que l’on fit du tirage au sort politique au cours de la Révolution libérale de 1809 et 1810, en mettant particulièrement l’accent sur le procédé électoral qui fut mis en œuvre dans le Royaume de la Nouvelle Espagne. De la même façon, nous tentons d’analyser les usages du tirage au sort dans la Constitution de Cadix de 1812 et au Mexique, avant et après l’indépendance, et ce jusqu’en 1857. Nous proposons de qualifier l’usage que l’on fit du tirage au sort dans la période qui a suivi la Constitution de Cadix de « procédure de sortie du conflit politique ».
La nomination des fonctionnaires par tirage au sort en Chine à la fin de la période impériale (1594-1911)
Authors: Will Pierre-Étienne
Published: June 2019

Le tirage au sort des affectations de fonctionnaires locaux par le ministère de la fonction publique a été institué en 1594, à la fin de la dynastie des Ming, dans un contexte d’affrontements politiques entre factions rivales. L’objectif était de mettre le choix des postes à pourvoir, dont certains étaient considérés comme plus désirables que d’autres, à l’abri des trafics d’influence et de la corruption. Saluée au départ pour son impartialité, la procédure a très vite été critiquée pour les trucages qu’elle encourageait et parce qu’elle rendait impossible la désignation de candidats adaptés aux spécificités des postes à pourvoir. L’article montre qu’en dépit de ces oppositions, le tirage au sort d’un nombre croissant de catégories de postes administratifs est resté la norme jusqu’à la fin de la dynastie des Qing en 1911. Il a en fait cessé d’être un objet de débat à partir du tournant du xviii e  siècle, en partie parce que les décisions relatives aux postes les plus importants et les plus rémunérateurs ont été progressivement transférées aux gouverneurs de province. Si elle permettait effectivement de désigner des fonctionnaires ayant déjà fait leurs preuves, cette évolution n’a fait que déplacer vers les provinces le problème de la corruption. Pour sa part, le trône se réservait de pourvoir directement les postes considérés comme stratégiques.
Castoriadis, Rancière : quels apports pour une philosophie du tirage au sort en politique ?
Authors: Moreno Pestaña José Luis , López-Rabatel Liliane
Published: June 2019

Ce texte présente une étude des lectures de la démocratie athénienne que livrent Rancière et Castoriadis. L’objectif fondamental est de voir ce qu’ils peuvent nous apporter pour une philosophie contemporaine du tirage au sort en politique. Pour ce faire, on empruntera plusieurs voies. En premier lieu, on mènera une brève contextualisation historique de l’œuvre des deux auteurs et une réflexion sur les caractéristiques des analyses philosophiques de la démocratie athénienne. Dans un second temps, on définira l’analyse qu’ils présentent des assemblées démocratiques selon trois axes : le savoir requis pour y avoir accès, les modes d’incitation à la participation et enfin la nature des filtres moraux qui protègent les pratiques démocratiques.
La carrière militante de la référence à Bernard Manin dans les mouvements français pour le tirage au sort
Authors: Hayat Samuel
Published: June 2019

Le livre Principes du gouvernement représentatif de Bernard Manin a joué un rôle crucial pour l’établissement d’un lien entre démocratie et tirage au sort, en théorie politique mais aussi dans le monde militant. Cet article retrace la carrière militante de cette référence. Si le tirage au sort a d’abord été défendu par des réformateurs, il devient, à partir de 2006, la revendication clé d’un mouvement citoyen animé par un partisan du « non » au Traité constitutionnel européen, Étienne Chouard. Néanmoins le livre de Manin joue plutôt un rôle légitimateur chez Chouard et plus encore les militants qui le suivent.
Overview of the EVALITA 2018 Italian Emoji Prediction (ITAMoji) Task
Authors: Ronzano Francesco , Barbieri Francesco , Pamungkas Endang Wahyu , Patti Viviana , Chiusaroli Francesca
Published: June 2019

The Italian Emoji Prediction task (ITAmoji) is proposed at EVALITA 2018 evaluation campaign for the first time, after the success of the twin Multilingual Emoji Prediction Task, organized in the context of SemEval-2018 in order to challenge the research community to automatically model the semantics of emojis in Twitter. Participants were invited to submit systems designed to predict, given an Italian tweet, its most likely associated emoji, selected in a wide and heterogeneous emoji space. Twelve runs were submitted at ITAmoji by five teams. We present the data sets, the evaluation methodology including different metrics and the approaches of the participating systems. We also present a comparison between the performance of automatic systems and humans solving the same task. Data and further information about this task can be found at: https://sites.google.com/view/itamoji/.
Transformações socioespaciais na aglomeração urbana de Paris : princípios interpretativos e o léxico conceitual na compreensão da produção do espaço
Authors: Viana Juliana Nazaré Luquez
Published: June 2019

A pesquisa desenvolvida na Universidade de Paris-Sorbonne IV, sob a supervisão do Professor Emérito Paul Claval, pretendeu analisar e discutir os usos e os sentidos dos conceitos que visam expressar as transformações socioespaciais pelas quais a cidade vem passando, bem como perceber a abordagem conceitual e a perspectiva metodológica para a compreensão da realidade urbana contemporânea. Nosso interesse na combinação da abordagem teórica e da perspectiva metodológica para a construção de arcabouços conceituais que buscam esclarecer as transformações socioespaciais no contexto da urbanização como processo histórico, foi perceber os diferentes ritmos de realização. Nosso objetivo principal girou em torno da necessária discussão acerca dos conceitos que revelam a natureza e os meandros das dinâmicas de transformações socioespaciais, de caráter metropolitano.
Condicionantes climáticos e socioeconômicos na espacialização da dengue em período epidêmico e pós-epidêmico na cidade de Fortaleza-CE
Authors: Magalhães Gledson Bezerra , Zanella Maria Elisa , Santana Ana Paula , Almendra Ricardo
Published: June 2019

O artigo analisa a distribuição espaço-temporal da dengue no ano epidêmico de 2012 e no ano pós-epidêmico de 2013, na cidade de Fortaleza-Ceará. Para isso utilizaram-se mapas de Kernel e procedimentos geoestatísticos (correlação de Pearson, coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, Índice de Moran global e local). Cruzou-se dados de climatologia, epidemiologia e socioeconômicos. Nos 2 episódios as médias diárias de temperatura do ar demonstram condições ótimas para a reprodução do Aedes aegypti com máximas entre 30 a 32°C e mínimas entre a faixa de 21 a 25°C, e umidade relativa de 76 a 95%. Entre 2012 e 2013 o vírus da dengue alterou seu potencial epidêmico, passando de uma epidemia explosiva que evoluiu em curto período de tempo para uma circulação endêmica com menor número de casos em 2013. No episódio de 2012, os casos de dengue iniciaram-se e propagaram-se com maior rapidez na porção oeste da cidade e em pontos específicos na região sudeste, predominando nessas mesmas regiões no ano de 2013. As correlações apontam estatisticamente a associação entre a incidência de dengue e as variáveis socioeconômicas. A espacialização dessas variáveis mostrou que os primeiros casos do episódio de 2013 foram registrados nos bairros que detinham as piores condições socioeconômicas e/ou de saneamento.
Cidades sustentáveis e parques: reflexões teórico-conceituais
Authors: Gomes Marcos Antônio Silvestre
Published: June 2019

Este artigo intenta uma reflexão sobre parques urbanos e sustentabilidade, evidenciando o alinhamento ou não de projetos e de análises recorrentes na literatura às diretrizes de uma agenda global imposta pelas Nações Unidas. O trabalho resulta de pesquisas bibliográficas, observações de projetos, visitas de campo e análises específicas de parques, em nível nacional e internacional, especialmente no Rio de Janeiro (Brasil) e em Lisboa (Portugal). Demonstra-se que, mesmo após duas décadas da assinatura da Agenda 21, o termo desenvolvimento sustentável é amplamente empregado por agentes públicos e privados que, com diferentes sentidos e intenções, pautam seus discursos e ações no ideário da sustentabilidade urbana, tendo os parques como um dos elementos dessas práticas. É demonstrado também que ainda predominam estudos sobre cidades, parques e sustentabilidade sem avanços teórico-conceituais que permitam desmistificar discursos e práticas na produção do espaço urbano.
A morfometria da bacia hidrográfica do rio Mimoso, um sistema cárstico do Mato Grosso do Sul/ Brasil
Authors: Medeiros Rafael Brugnolli , Berezuk André Geraldo , Silva Charlei Aparecido da
Published: June 2019

Este artigo visa analisar e compreender a morfometria do relevo da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mimoso – BHRM, localizada no município de Bonito/MS, um sistema carstico de grande importância do Mato Grosso do Sul. No estudo determinou-se a declividade, a dissecação horizontal e a dissecação vertical da BHRM. A interpolação desses componentes morfométricos revelou a energia potencial erosiva do relevo, pautada nas propostas metodológicas de Spiridonov (1981) e Mendes (1993). Utilizou-se o Modelo Digital de Terreno – MDT/SRTM disponibilizado pelo Serviço Geológico dos Estados Unidos. A metodologia ainda primou por conferências das informações obtidas nos mapeamentos in loco, desde as inclinações e o comprimento e altitude das rampas do terreno. Os resultados apontaram uma diversidade significativa de classes da declividade, de dissecações horizontal e vertical, evidenciando a energia potencial erosiva da área de estudo que transcorre das classes muito fraca a moderadamente média no alto e baixo curso da BHRM, devido aos declives e amplitudes altimétricas reduzidas. No médio curso as classes média e suavemente forte foram encontradas devido aos declives acentuados do relevo montanhoso somados às rampas estreitas elevam o potencial erosivo da bacia hidrográfica. Concluindo, as análises demonstram a fragilidade desse sistema carstico que sofre grandes pressões decorrentes da ampliação recente das áreas agrícolas para o plantio de soja e milho visando commodities para exportação.
O território de circulação do carro de boi alagoano em feiras, festas e oficinas: perlengas de memória e esquecimento.
Authors: Simonard Pedro , Junior Walcler de Lima Mendes
Published: June 2019

A partir de depoimentos de carreiros construtores e condutores de carros de boi, este artigo aborda o ethos do carro de boi no sertão alagoano e as relações sociais que se estabelecem em torno dele. Discutimos o processo de ressignificação que busca resistir às condições que conduzem ao desaparecimento da prática. Na primeira parte deste artigo, a profissão de construtor é abordada tendo por base as oficinas, as peças constituintes do carro e a dificuldade em adquirir a matéria-prima necessária para esta atividade. Em seguida, abordamos a profissão do carreiro como condutor, as técnicas de controle dos animais e os usos do carro de boi como meio de locomoção, como transporte de carga e como protagonista nas festas, missas e desfiles que ocorrem em municípios do sertão alagoano. Por último, abordamos a relação entre tradição e cultura popular. Os dados e as fotografia utilizados neste artigo foram coletados em trabalho de campo realizado entre 2015, 2016 e 2017 no agreste e no sertão alagoanos que coletou dados para a realização do Projeto de Salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial em Alagoas tem como metodologia o Inventário Nacional de Referências Culturais/INRC, metodologia utilizada pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional/IPHAN. Foram realizadas entrevistas para preenchimento de formulários do INRC e foram produzidas fotografias das quais uma parte insignificante foi utilizada neste artigo. Parte do material coletado resultou na elaboração do Mapeamento Cultural de Alagoas.
DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER USING MULTISCALE CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Yektaei Homayoon , Manthouri Mohammad , Farivar Faezeh
Published: June 2019

The diagnosis of benign and malignant breast cancer is a challenging issue today. Breast cancer is the most common cancer that women suffer from. The sooner the cancer is detected, the easier and more successful it is to treat it. The most common diagnostic method is the mammography of a simple radiographic picture of the chest. The use of image processing techniques and identifying patterns in the detection of breast cancer from mammographic images reduces human errors in detecting tumors, and speeds up diagnosis time. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been widely used to detect breast cancer, and has significantly reduced the percentage of errors. Therefore, in this paper, Convolution as Neural Network (CNN), which is the most effective method, is used for the detection of various types of cancers. This study presents a Multiscale Convolutional Neural Network (MCNN) approach for the classification of tumors. Based on the structure of MCNN, which presents mammography picture to several deep CNN with different size and resolutions, the classical handcrafted features extraction step is avoided. The proposed approach gives better classification rates than the classical state-of-the-art methods allowing a safer Computer-Aided Diagnosis of pleural cancer. This study reaches the diagnosis accuracy of [Formula: see text] using multiscale convolution technique which reveals the efficient proposed method.
Flash-Based Storage Deduplication Techniques
Authors: Chernov Ilya A. , Ivashko Evgeny , Kositsyn Dmitry , Ponomarev Vadim , Rumyantsev Alexander , Shabaev Anton
Published: June 2019

Exponential growth of the amount of data stored worldwide together with high level of data redundancy motivates the active development of data deduplication techniques. The overall increasing popularity of solid-state drives (SSDs) as primary storage devices forces the adaptation of deduplication techniques to technical peculiarities of this type of storage (such as write amplification and wearout), implying active research in SSD-equipped storage data deduplication subdomain. In this survey paper the authors summarize the recent results on deduplication in SSD-enhanced storage, providing a novel taxonomy of the techniques. They classify the techniques on the basis of storage device complexity, starting from a sub-device level up to the storage network. Linux deduplication implementations are discussed, and the results of experimental comparison of several widely used tools are presented. Finally, the authors briefly outline open problems in the field and possible points of future research.
A Novel Tagging Augmented LDA Model for Clustering
Authors: Zhao Yi , Qiao Yu , He Keqing
Published: June 2019

Clustering has become an increasingly important task in the analysis of large documents. Clustering aims to organize these documents, and facilitate better search and knowledge extraction. Most existing clustering methods that use user-generated tags only consider their positive influence for improving automatic clustering performance. The authors argue that not all user-generated tags can provide useful information for clustering. In this article, the authors propose a new solution for clustering, named HRT-LDA (High Representation Tags Latent Dirichlet Allocation), which considers the effects of different tags on clustering performance. For this, the authors perform a tag filtering strategy and a tag appending strategy based on transfer learning, Word2vec, TF-IDF and semantic computing. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that HRT-LDA outperforms the state-of-the-art tagging augmented LDA methods for clustering.
An uncommon cause of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a young male
Authors: Mittal Anshul , Suri Jagdish Chander , Chakrabarti Shibdas , Ish Pranav
Published: June 2019

It is uncommon for Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to present with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) as the initial presentation. To diagnose this in a young male with no renal involvement is further uncommon. We report a case of a 16-year-old boy, who presented with hemoptysis and was eventually diagnosed as DAH with underlying SLE. Treatment with steroids and immunosuppressant helped in rapid recovery from this potentially life-threatening condition. This case highlights the need of defining diagnostic criteria for SLE in patients presenting as DAH and formulating guidelines for treatment of the same, especially in absence of co-existing lupus nephritis.
Disability profile of grant recipients in a semi-rural area in South Africa
Authors: Frieg A. , Hendry J. A.
Published: June 2019

A descriptive study was undertaken to establish, amongst others, the demographic details and the disability profile of a group of persons with disabilities who collected their disability grant at the Kleinmond Post Office in June 1999. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire during face-to-face interviews with the grantees and/or their proxies. A questionnaire developed for this purpose included a disability catalogue based on the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH). The repeatability of the questionnaire was 96%.The mean age of the mainly male grantees was 42 years (range: 18-64).Nearly a third of the subjects had been disabled since birth, reinforcing the importance of disability prevention programmes as outlined in several policy documents. Most persons with disabilities had problems with activities in the situational disability category (82% or 24/29), while only a few reported personal care disabilities (34% or 10/29).The majority of the grantees (86% or 25/29) reported disabilities in more than one category. This may be an indication that only persons with multiple disabilities qualify for permanent disability grants in South Africa.
PNF in practice - An illustrated guide
Authors: Lund Jessica
Published: June 2019

No abstract available.
Lifelong learning
Authors: Eales C. J.
Published: June 2019

No abstract available
Prevalence of developmental delay in infants who are HIV positive
Authors: Potterton J. L. , Eales C. J.
Published: June 2019

The presence of developmental delay in children who are HIV positive has been well described.  International studies have identified 25 - 40% of HIV infected infants to have developmental delay. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of developmental delay in HIV positive infants in South Africa.The study was conducted at Coronation Hospital, Gauteng, South Africa.  Infants under 12 months of age attending an out-patient follow-up clinic were assessed for developmental delay using the Neurodevelopment Assessment Score. Informed written consent was obtained from the caregivers prior to assessment. The results from 30 HIV positive and 30 HIV negative infants were analysed. Descriptive analyses were used to analyse most of the data. Data were summarised using means for continuous variables and frequencies and proportions for categorical variables. The two groups were well matched for age, weight and socio-economic status. Forty percent of the HIV positive sample presented with developmental delay compared to 13% of the HIV negative sample. The caregivers of the HIV infected children expressed a need for support groups and education on HIV and how to care for their infants. The results of this study support the findings of international studies on developmental delay in HIV infected infants.Furthermore, this study identifies the need for cost effective, innovative programmes to address the long term needs of HIV infected infants and their caregivers.
The safety of induced sputum collection in infants under the age of 18 months
Authors: Van Wyk H. , Jacquemard R. , Joubert G.
Published: June 2019

The technique of sputum induction improves the yield of microbiological investigations for organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pneumocystis carinii. The aim of the study was to determine the safety of this method in children under the age of 18 months. Heart rate and oxygen saturation were monitored during the procedure and compared with measurements obtained during the conventional method of sputum collection in the same patients. Patients were also observed for other possible side effects. Forty samples of sputa were obtained from 20 patients. No clinical differences in heart rate and oxygen saturation were found between the two methods. Overall, oxygen saturation measurements below 80% were recorded in three patients. Increased coughing and mild epistaxis did occur more frequently during the sputum induction method. It was concluded that sputum induction is safe in small children, but a larger sample size needs to be studied.
Black female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: knowledge, attitudes and physical activity
Authors: Van Rooijen A. J. , Rheeder P. , Eales C. J. , Becker P.
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to obtain baseline data from female Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 DM) patients on their general health status, demographics, their knowledge of and attitudes towards diabetes and exercise, as well as their present physical activity levels.The sample of convenience consisted of 93 patients between the ages of 36 and 70 years, who were attending the Mamelodi Hospital Diabetic Outpatient Clinic.Demographic, clinical, diabetes knowledge, diabetes attitude and physical activity data were captured. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics. Pearson product-moment correlation was employed to assess relationships and Cronbach’s alpha measured reliability.It was found that the sample had a low educational level. (84% schooling up to St 7) Several risk factors for the control of diabetes were identified in the sample. (Class I obesity, HbAI c-levels acceptable to compromised, 75% on treatment for hypertension) They had low scores on knowledge of diabetes ( mean,SD =4.72,2.05 out of 15) and low levels of physical activity. (mean, SD—2.85,2.09) Patients agreed with the attitude in the scale that the health care professionals require skills to educate and counsel diabetic patients, as well as bring about behavioral changes in the patients.( r=0.62) They also agreed that diabetes has a substantial psychosocial impact on their lives. (r=0.41) The highest correlation between to sub-scales was between the need for special training of health care professionals who care for diabetic patients and the psychosocial impact of the disease. (r=0.41) Patients should be educated about the basic physiology of diabetes, insulin action and causes of hypoglycaemia. They should also be motivated to increase physical activity on a continuous basis.Culturally sensitive research is needed to identify health beliefs, motivation for the control of diabetes and environmental and personal barriers to exercise and physical activity in this population.
O estado da Arte - implementação das leis nº 10.639-03 e nº 11.645-08
Authors: Dos Reis Gianne Cristina
Published: June 2019

Esta pesquisa visou investigar de modo exploratório, algumas experiências sobre o processo de implementação das Leis nº 10.639/03 e nº 11.645/08, que dispõem sobre a obrigatoriedade do ensino da “História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira e Indígena” no currículo da Educação Básica. O levantamento foi feito em 96 escolas das redes federais, estaduais, municipais e particulares de educação, considerando aquelas que concordaram participar da pesquisa. Neste sentido, a pesquisa buscou identificar por meio dos depoimentos, como tem sido a experiência de implementação dessas leis nos diferentes estabelecimentos de ensino e como esses conteúdos são abordados nas escolas por diretores, orientadores pedagógicos, professores e a comunidade escolar, com base na obrigatoriedade de implementação da lei. Considera-se que esta é uma contribuição relevante, na medida em que investigou a aplicação da lei em sua práxis, através de entrevistas com diferentes agentes no âmbito das escolas, sobre a amplitude e complexidade da implementação das Leis 10.639/03 e 11.654/08.
Os manuais de Sociologia Educacional nos anos de 1940: contexto de produção, autores, estruturas didáticas e perspectivas teóricas
Authors: Bodart Cristiano Das Neves , De Souza Ewerton Diego
Published: June 2019

No presente artigo são realizadas análises de conteúdos de três manuais de Sociologia Educacional publicados na década de 1940 no Brasil. Buscou-se, observando também seu contexto de produção, compreender: i) o público alvo; ii) estruturas dos manuais; iii) preocupações didáticas; iv) conteúdos e; v) base epistemológica. Foi identificado que embora suas estruturas e conteúdos se aproximem, suas bases teóricas se distanciam, passando por perspectivas científicas americanas, francesas e brasileiras, além de influências da Sociologia Católica. Os textos escolares analisados podem ser classificados como “manuais escolares” por apresentar estratégias didáticas de transmissão de conteúdo.
Comparison of effects of thrombolytic therapy and primary percutaneous coronary intervention in elderly patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction on in-hospital, six-month, and one-year mortality
Authors: Kocayigit Ibrahim , Yaylaci Selcuk , Osken Altug , Aydın Ercan , Sahinkus Salih , Can Yusuf , Genc Ahmed Bilal , Gunduz Huseyin
Published: June 2019

Introduction

This study aims to evaluate the effect of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and thrombolytic therapy (TT) on the in-hospital adverse events, in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients over 65 years of age with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Material and methods

A total of 111 retrospectively screened patients (73 males, mean age: 73.4 ±5.9 years) over 65 years of age with STEMI, who underwent TT or primary PCI, were included in the study. Patients’ characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, and 6-month and 1-year mortalities were recorded.

Results

Our study was conducted with 111 patients over 65 years of age with STEMI (73 males, 38 females). Of the patients, 66 (59.5%) were treated with thrombolytics, and 45 (40.5%) patients underwent primary PCI. Door-to-needle time was 25.9 ±7.8 min in the TT group, whereas door-to-balloon time was 84.4 ±20.0 min in the PCI group. Time from symptom onset to hospital admission was 213.6 ±158.4 min in the thrombolytic group, and 166.8 ±112.8 min in the PCI group. Rescue PCI was performed in 7 (10.6%) patients in the TT group due to lack of reperfusion. Recurrent infarction was observed in 5 (7.6%) patients in the TT group and in 2 (4.4%) patients in the PCI group. Non-haemorrhagic stroke was observed in 1 (1.5%) patient in the thrombolytic-administered group and in 4 (8.9%) patients in the PCI group. No intracranial haemorrhage was observed in any patient. Major haemorrhage was observed in 4 (6.1%) patients in the TT group and in 4 (8.9%) patients in the PCI group. Six-month and 1-year mortalities were present in 15 (22.7%) patients and 19 patients in thrombolytic group, and 8 (17.8%) and 8 (17.8%) patients in the PCI group, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the patient’s age was the only predictor for 1-year mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.019–1.188, p = 0.015).

Conclusions

Considering the in-hospital adverse outcomes, in-hospital mortality, and 6-month mortality rates, TT and primary PCI have similar effects in STEMI patients aged 65 years and over according to the results of our study. Although 1-year mortality was higher in the TT group, it was not statistically significant.
Epidemiology of hypertensive heart disease in Poland: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
Authors: Miazgowski Tomasz , Kopec Jacek , Widecka Katarzyna , Miazgowski Bartosz , Kaczmarkiewicz Anna
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Hypertension may cause target organ damage leading to hyper­tensive heart disease (HHD). The burden caused by HHD in Poland has not been studied systematically. The purpose of this study was to describe the burden of HHD in Poland in terms of prevalence, mortality, disabilityadjusted life years lost (DALY) and key risk factors.

Material and methods

Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors (GBD) Study database. The GBD uses a wide range of data sources and complex statistical methods to estimate disease burden for all countries by age, sex, and year. HHD was defined by ICD-9 codes 402-402.91 and ICD-10 codes I11-I11.9. From the GBD 2016 estimates, we extracted data for Poland between 1990 and 2016.

Results

Hypertensive heart disease is the fourth most important cause of cardio- and cerebrovascular death, after ischemic heart disease, stroke and cardiomyopathy. In 2016, there were about 180 000 people diagnosed with HHD in Poland and close to 5000 HHD-related deaths. HHD prevalence increased from 0.29% in 1990 to 0.47% in 2016 and was higher in women, while mortality increased from 11.2 to 12.7 per 100 000, largely due to population aging. Age-standardized death and DALY rates declined between 1990 and 2016 and were lower than in Central Europe but higher than in Western Europe.

Conclusions

Our data suggest a need for national initiatives to improve the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, slow the progression of HHD, and reduce the related risks and premature deaths.
The association of platelet counts with development and treatment for retinopathy of prematurity – is thrombocytopenia a risk factor?
Authors: Choręziak Aneta , Szpecht Dawid , Chmielarz-Czarnocińska Anna , Pawłowska Irmina , Gotz-Więckowska Anna
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Thrombocytes may regulate the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), limiting neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The aim of this study was to examine the role of platelet counts, thrombocytopenia, and infections in the pathogenesis of ROP.

Material and methods

The study included 163 preterm infants diagnosed with ROP, comparing 76 patients who required treatment with 87 patients in whom ROP resolved spontaneously (control group). Further analysis concerned 52 patients in whom a first line treatment was sufficient to stop ROP progression, and 24 patients who required re-treatment.

Results

A statistically significant difference was found in the occurrence of thrombocytopenia (p = 0.015), platelet counts before the diagnosis of ROP (p = 0.008), and the presence of late-onset infection (p = 0.007). The ROC curve analysis showed that the value of platelets above 232 × 109/l may stimulate spontaneous resolution of ROP. A significant difference between patients once treated and patients that required re-treatment was found in platelet count before the diagnosis of ROP (p = 0.017), platelet count before the first intervention (p = 0.013), and the number of transfusions (p = 0.042).

Conclusions

The results of the study confirm the association between ROP development and its severity with thrombocytopenia. While there were no differences in the occurrence of thrombocytopenia right after the birth, its episode before the diagnosis of ROP seems to be significant for ROP development. The deficiency of platelets prior to a treatment intervention may be associated with necessity of re-treatment.
New particle formation events observed at King Sejong Station, Antarctic Peninsula – Part 1: Physical characteristics and contribution to cloud condensation nuclei
Authors: Kim Jaeseok , Yoon Young Jun , Gim Yeontae , Choi Jin Hee , Kang Hyo Jin , Park Ki-Tae , Park Jiyeon , Lee Bang Yong
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The physical characteristics of aerosol particles during
particle bursts observed at King Sejong Station in the Antarctic Peninsula from
March 2009 to December 2016 were analyzed. This study focuses on the seasonal
variation in parameters related to particle formation such as the occurrence,
formation rate (FR) and growth rate (GR), condensation sink (CS) and source
rate of condensable vapor. The number concentrations during new particle
formation (NPF) events varied from 1707 to 83 120 cm−3, with an
average of 20 649 ± 9290 cm−3, and the duration of the NPF
events ranged from 0.6 to 14.4 h, with a mean of 4.6±1.5 h. The NPF
event dominantly occurred during austral summer period (∼72 %). The
measured mean values of FR and GR of the aerosol particles were 2.79±1.05 cm−3 s−1 and 0.68±0.27 nm h−1, respectively,
showing enhanced rates in the summer season. The mean value of FR at King
Sejong Station was higher than that at other sites in Antarctica, at
0.002–0.3 cm−3 s−1, while those of growth rates were relatively similar to the results observed by previous studies, at 0.4–4.3 nm h−1. The derived average
values of CS and source rate of condensable vapor were (6.04±2.74)×10-3 s−1 and (5.19±3.51)×104 cm−3 s−1, respectively. The contribution of particle
formation to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration was also
investigated. The CCN concentration during the NPF period increased
by approximately 11 % compared with the background concentration. In
addition, the effects of the origin and pathway of air masses on the
characteristics of aerosol particles during a NPF event were determined. The
FRs were similar regardless of the origin and pathway, whereas the GRs of
particles originating from the Antarctic Peninsula and the Bellingshausen
Sea, at 0.77±0.25 and 0.76±0.30 nm h−1, respectively, were
higher than those of particles originating from the Weddell Sea (0.41±0.15 nm h−1).
Size-dependent ice nucleation by airborne particles during dust events
in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Reicher Naama , Budke Carsten , Eickhoff Lukas , Raveh-Rubin Shira , Kaplan-Ashiri Ifat , Koop Thomas , Rudich Yinon
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Predictions of cloud ice formation in climate models remain a challenge, partly due to the complexity of ice-related processes. Mineral dust is a prominent aerosol in the troposphere and is known to be an important contributor to ice nucleation in mixed phase clouds, as dust can initiate ice heterogeneously at relatively low supercooling conditions. We characterized the ice nucleation properties of size-segregated mineral dust sampled during dust events in the Eastern Mediterranean. The sampling site allowed us to compare between the properties of airborne dust from several sources with diverse mineralogy that passed over different atmospheric paths. We focused on particles with six size-classes, determined by the Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) cut-off sizes: 5.6, 3.2, 1.8, 1.0, 0.6 and 0.3 µm. Ice nucleation experiments were conducted in the WeIzmann Supercooled Droplets Observation on Microarray (WISDOM) setup, where the particles are immersed in nanoliter droplets using a microfluidics technique. We observed that the activity of airborne particles depended on their size-class, where supermicron and submicron particles had different activities, possibly due to different composition. The concentrations of ice nucleating particles and the density of active sites (ns) increased with the particle size and particle concentration. The supermicron particles in different dust events showed similar activity, which may indicate that freezing was dominated by common mineralogical components. Combining recent data of airborne mineral dust, we show that current predictions, which are based on natural dust or standard mineral dust, overestimate the activity of airborne dust, especially for the submicron class, and therefore we suggest to include information of particle size in order to increase the accuracy of ice formation and, thus, weather and climate predictions.
OPTiMAL: A new machine learning approach for GDGT-based palaeothermometry
Authors: Eley Yvette L. , Thompson William , Greene Sarah E. , Mandel Ilya , Edgar Kirsty , Bendle James A. , Dunkley Jones Tom
Published: June 2019

Abstract. In the modern oceans, the relative abundances of Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGTs) compounds produced by marine archaeal communities show a significant dependence on the local sea surface temperature at the site of formation. When preserved in ancient marine sediments, the measured abundances of these fossil lipid biomarkers thus have the potential to provide a geological record of long-term variability in planetary surface temperatures. Several empirical calibrations have been made between observed GDGT relative abundances in late Holocene core top sediments and modern upper ocean temperatures. These calibrations form the basis of the widely used TEX86 palaeothermometer. There are, however, two outstanding problems with this approach, first the appropriate assignment of uncertainty to estimates of ancient sea surface temperatures based on the relationship of the ancient GDGT assemblage to the modern calibration data set; and second, the problem of making temperature estimates beyond the range of the modern empirical calibrations (> 30 ºC). Here we apply modern machine-learning tools, including Gaussian Process Emulators and forward modelling, to develop a new mathematical approach we call OPTiMAL (Optimised Palaeothermometry from Tetraethers via MAchine Learning) to improve temperature estimation and the representation of uncertainty based on the relationship between ancient GDGT assemblage data and the structure of the modern calibration data set. We reduce the root mean square uncertainty on temperature predictions (validated using the modern data set) from ~ ±6 ºC using TEX86 based estimators to ±3.6 ºC using Gaussian Process estimators for temperatures below 30 ºC. We also provide a new but simple quantitative measure of the distance between an ancient GDGT assemblage and the nearest neighbour within the modern calibration dataset, as a test for significant non-analogue behaviour. Finally, we advocate against the use of temperature estimates beyond the range of the modern empirical calibration dataset, given the absence – to date – of a robust predictive biological model or extensive and reproducible mesocosm experimental data in this elevated temperature range.
Greenland Ice Sheet solid ice discharge from 1986 through 2017
Authors: Mankoff Kenneth D. , Colgan William , Solgaard Anne , Karlsson Nanna B. , Ahlstrøm Andreas P. , van As Dirk , Box Jason E. , Khan Shfaqat Abbas , Kjeldsen Kristian K. , Mouginot Jeremie , Fausto Robert S.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We present a 1986 through 2017 estimate of Greenland Ice Sheet ice discharge.
Our data include all discharging ice that flows faster than 100 m yr−1
and are generated through an automatic and adaptable method, as opposed to
conventional hand-picked gates. We position gates near the present-year
termini and estimate problematic bed topography (ice thickness) values where
necessary. In addition to using annual time-varying ice thickness, our time
series uses velocity maps that begin with sparse spatial and temporal
coverage and end with near-complete spatial coverage and 6 d updates to
velocity. The 2010 through 2017 average ice discharge through the flux gates
is ∼488±49 Gt yr−1. The 10 % uncertainty stems primarily
from uncertain ice bed location (ice thickness). We attribute the ∼50 Gt yr−1 differences among our results and previous studies to our
use of updated bed topography from BedMachine v3. Discharge is approximately
steady from 1986 to 2000, increases sharply from 2000 to 2005, and then is
approximately steady again. However, regional and glacier variability is more
pronounced, with recent decreases at most major glaciers and in all but one
region offset by increases in the NW (northwestern) region. As part of the
journal's living archive option, all input data, code, and results from this
study will be updated when new input data are accessible and made freely
available at https://doi.org/10.22008/promice/data/ice_discharge.
Editorial: The publication of geoscientific model developments v1.2
Authors:   GMD executive editors
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Version 1.1 of the editorial of Geoscientific Model Development (GMD),
published in 2015 (GMD Executive Editors, 2015), introduced clarifications to the policy on publication
of source code and input data for papers published in the journal. Three
years of working with this policy has revealed that it is necessary
to be more precise in the requirements of the policy and in the narrowness of
its exceptions. Furthermore, the previous policy was not specific in the
requirements for suitable archival locations. Best practice in code and
data archiving continues to develop and is far from universal among scientists. This has
resulted in many manuscripts requiring improvement in code
and data availability practice during the peer-review process. New
researchers continually start their professional lives, and it remains the case
that not all authors fully appreciate why code and data publication
is necessary. This editorial provides an opportunity to explain this in the context of GMD. The changes in the code and data policy are summarised as follows:
The requirement for authors to publish source code, unless this
is impossible for reasons beyond their control, is clarified. The
minimum requirements are strengthened such that all model code must
be made accessible during the review process to the editor and to
potentially anonymous reviewers. Source code that can be made public
must be made public, and embargoes are not permitted. Identical
requirements exist for input data and model evaluation data sets in
the model experiment descriptions. The scope of the code and data required to be published is
described. In accordance with Copernicus' own data policy, we now
specifically strongly encourage all code and data used in any
analyses be made available. This will have particular relevance
for some model evaluation papers where editors may now strongly
request this material be made available. The requirements of suitable archival locations are specified, along
with the recommendation that Zenodo is often a good choice.
In addition, since the last editorial, an “Author contributions”
section must now be included in all manuscripts.
Evaluating robustness of dynamic reservoir management under diverse climatic uncertainties: Application to the Boryeong Reservoir in South Korea
Authors: Ahn Kuk-Hyun , Moon Young-Il
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The implications of forecast-based reservoir operation have been considered to be innovative approaches to water management. Despite the advantages of forecast-based operations, climate-related uncertainty may discourage the utilization of forecast-based reservoir operation in water resources management. To mitigate this concern, a systematic evaluation proves helpful. This study presents an evaluation framework for reservoir management under a variety of potential climate conditions. In particular, this study uses Monte Carlo simulations to quantify the robustness of the forecast-based operation in a scenario of degraded ability of forecast skill, and demonstrates a new performance metric for robustness. This framework is described in a case study for a water supply facility in South Korea. To illustrate the framework, this study also proposes dynamic reservoir operation rules for our case study, utilizing seasonal climate information and a real-option instrument from an interconnected water system. Results provide system robustness evaluated over a wide range of defined uncertainties related to climate change. Results also suggest that the dynamic operation management adopted in this study can substantially improve reservoir performance for future climates compared to current operation management. This analysis may serve as a useful guideline to adopt dynamic management of reservoir operation for water supply systems in South Korea and other regions.
INVESTIGATION OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT DIRECTION USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (CASE STUDY: ZANJAN CITY)
Authors: Masoumi Z. , Genderen J. V.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The ever-increasing development of the cities and the growth of population have led to an uncontrollable sprawl of spatial structure of the cities. Hence, sustainable development and organizing of land-use planning are always an important concern of decision makers. Zanjan city, due to the existence of physical limitations and environmental issues, needs precise planning regarding city development. The aim of this study is to determine the sustainable development direction of urban development while taking the social, economic, and environmental perspectives into account. To determine suitable lands for future developments, totally 10 criteria in three groups, specifically social, economic and environmental were employed. In order to analyse the considered criteria in this study, experts’ opinions were gathered to be used in determining the weights of the criteria using the analytical hierarchical process (AHP). Then, the yielded weights were applied to the criteria in a geographical information system (GIS) through spatial analyses. Finally, the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), as a multi-attribute decision making (MADM) method, was utilized to extract the priority of suitable lands for city development. The results show that the most suitable lands for the purpose of future developments are located in the north-eastern and eastern parts, after which are the lands located in the north-western parts. In addition, 15 percent of city development since 2005 has occurred in unsuitable lands. Moreover, to evaluate the results, TOPSIS outcomes were compared with the weighted sum model (WSM) approach.