bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Analysis of Dhh1 Complexes Reveals a Role for Hsp40 Chaperone Ydj1 in Yeast P-Body Assembly
Authors: Cary Gregory A , Vinh Dani B N , May Patrick , Kuestner Rolf , Dudley Aimée M
Published: September 2015

P-bodies (PB) are ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that aggregate into cytoplasmic foci when cells are exposed to stress. Although the conserved mRNA decay and translational repression machineries are known components of PB, how and why cells assemble RNP complexes into large foci remain unclear. Using mass spectrometry to analyze proteins immunoisolated with the core PB protein Dhh1, we show that a considerable number of proteins contain low-complexity sequences, similar to proteins highly represented in mammalian RNP granules. We also show that the Hsp40 chaperone Ydj1, which contains an low-complexity domain and controls prion protein aggregation, is required for the formation of Dhh1−GFP foci on glucose depletion. New classes of proteins that reproducibly coenrich with Dhh1−GFP during PB induction include proteins involved in nucleotide or amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, transfer RNA aminoacylation, and protein folding. Many of these proteins have been shown to form foci in response to other stresses. Finally, analysis of RNA associated with Dhh1−GFP shows enrichment of mRNA encoding the PB protein Pat1 and catalytic RNAs along with their associated mitochondrial RNA-binding proteins. Thus, global characterization of PB composition has uncovered proteins important for PB assembly and evidence suggesting an active role for RNA in PB function.
Los productos de chagra para la vida y para la salud
Authors: Rodríguez Adelaida
Published: September 2015

Este trabajo fue escrito por la autora a partir del conocimiento de sus padres, de las etnias nonuya y muinane, en el medio río Caquetá (Amazonia colombiana), con el apoyo de una beca de investigación propia de la Tropenbos Internacional Colombia. El artículo destaca la importancia y significado de la chagra para los indígenas y explica cómo eran las chagras en tiempos anteriores, los trabajos involucrados en la preparación de una chagra nueva (socola, tumba, quema, siembra y mantenimiento), la manera de sembrar las diferentes especies, las especies y variedades sembradas en la chagra, los cambios que se han dado en las chagras que se hacen hoy en día, y el proceso para extraer el almidón de yuca y preparar la yuca amarilla de donde se obtiene la fariña. Incluye un glosario con la identificación biológica de nombres de plantas y animales, con explicación de términos en lengua muinane o español local.
La minería ilegal arrasando las entrañas de la tierra
Authors: Pinilla Pedraza Claudia Patricia , Santos Morán Clara Yesenia
Published: September 2015

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un trabajo de grado de trabajo social sobre las percepciones y efectos de la minería ilegal en el río Cotuhé (norte del Trapecio Amazónico colombiano). Se presenta información de las percepciones de los indígenas tikuna de la comunidad de Caña Brava sobre el significado del territorio, la llegada de las balsas mineras al Cotuhé, los efectos ambientales y sociales de la minería, la impotencia de las organizaciones indígenas y el abandono por parte de las autoridades. La minería es percibida dentro de la comunidad de dos maneras contradictorias. Por una parte, es entendida como una bonanza que explota sus recursos naturales sin generar ningún beneficio económico y ocasionando graves daños ambientales y sociales. Por otra parte, algunos indígenas, sobre todo los más jóvenes, perciben la minería como una oportunidad laboral o económica para la comunidad. La actividad minera ha generado un desligamiento entre los miembros de la comunidad, mientras que las sustancias tóxicas empleadas por los mineros han expuesto peligrosamente a los habitantes de la comunidad, cuya fuente primaria de proteína es el consumo de peces. 
No solo crear la memoria de nosotros como pueblos indígenas, sino enseñar a ver esa memoria
Authors: Calambás Marisol
Published: September 2015

Marisol Calambás Soscué presenta su recorrido creativo como una búsqueda de nuevas técnicas y formas plásticas para expresar la memoria ancestral del pueblo Nasa al que pertenece. Es necesario escapar del estancamiento artificial impuesto por el mercado turístico que etiqueta las obras indígenas como ‘artesanías’ y exige la repetición de patrones supuestamente ancestrales. La creatividad de los artistas contemporáneos indígenas, muestra Marisol, fluye transformando constantemente los canales de comunicación de la memoria. Es necesario, por tanto, educar la mirada del público para que aprenda a ver dichas transformaciones. 
Eu sonho em ter um grande caminhão para colocar todo mundo dentro e passar um mês numa aldeia, um mês na outra, para construir essa cultura coletiva
Authors: Esbell Jaider
Published: September 2015

Jaider Esbell, artista do povo macuxi do Rio Branco no estado de Roraima (Brasil), trata o tema da experiência criativa nas comunidades indígenas. O projeto coletivo "A reinvenção do tempo na perspectiva dos netos de Macunaíma: artistas indígenas roraimenses e suas cosmovisões em artes visuais tradicionais e contemporâneas" conseguiu reunir artes plásticas, a literatura, a fotografia, o audiovisual, as vivências, o artesanato, a música, a dança, a culinária, bebidas, cerâmica, trançados, oralidade e também as pinturas corporais como uma comunicação que evoluiu junto com a nossa própria origem. Se presentam também 4 obras do artista.
La ayahuasca te da tu arte
Authors: Del Aguila Paolo
Published: September 2015

Para Paolo del Águila, descendiente del pueblo asháninka, la creatividad es un don de las plantas. Durante su primera experiencia visionaria, la ayahuasca personificada en el cuerpo de anciana le entregó unos pinceles y un estilo propio, liberándolo de las disputas y los convencionalismos que había encontrado en la escuela de arte en Pucallpa. Desde entonces, pintura y vida son indisociables y su objetivo como artista es comunicar al público las experiencias espirituales que le acontecieron en un ámbito normalmente invisible que él se esfuerza por visibilizar.
Oración para Roberto Franco
Authors: Llano María Clara
Published: September 2015

Poema dedicado al investigador Roberto Franco Garccía, experto en el tema de pueblos indígenas en aislamiento voluntario, quien falleció en un accidente aéreo el 6 de septiembre de 2014.
An upper bound theorem concerning lattice polytopes
Authors: Hegedüs Gábor
Published: September 2015

R. P. Stanley proved the Upper Bound Conjecture in 1975. We imitate his proof for the Ehrhart rings.

We give some upper bounds for the volume of integrally closed lattice polytopes. We derive some inequalities for the δ-vector of integrally closed lattice polytopes. Finally we apply our results for reflexive integrally closed and order polytopes.
Productly linearly independent sequences
Authors: Hančl Jaroslav , Korčeková Katarína , Novotný Lukáš
Published: September 2015

We introduce the two new concepts, productly linearly independent sequences and productly irrational sequences. Then we prove a criterion for which certain infinite sequences of rational numbers are productly linearly independent. As a consequence we obtain a criterion for the irrationality of infinite products and a criterion for a sequence to be productly irrational.
The proposition of a new damping function for outliers in the adjustment process
Authors: Gargula Tadeusz
Published: September 2015

This study proposes of new damping function in the robust estimation process. The formulae for
a behaviour of the damping function were provided and a diagram of adjustment process was
presented. The numerical examples are given in order to assess the efficiency of the proposed
computational algorithm in accomplishing a typical geodetic task with outliers or gross errors.
He assessment of agricultural use of mountain village grasslands - on the example of their spatial arrangement
Authors: Ostrowska Renata
Published: September 2015

The agriculture in mountain areas is still one of the main sources of income for their inhabitants. The faulty land layout of highly fragmented farms and dispersion of lands have no positive
impact on their agricultural use. However, abandoning agricultural production due to the functions it fulfils in these areas for the cultural landscape, natural biodiversity, is neither imaginable
nor even possible. Clean natural environment, friendly to organic farming and favourable conditions to livestock and pasture farming still make the agriculture an important economic activity in these regions. The economic significance of agriculture in mountain and sub-mountain
regions has been decreasing, because tillage of these lands requires more effort and its productions costs are higher. That is why the financial support for these regions is necessary. The study
attempts to prove the following: because the agriculture in these regions is based on traditional
livestock and pasture farming, these lands are agriculturally useful, especially when they are
used as grasslands. The study was carried out in a mountain village Polski Spisz (near Nowy
Targ) that has one of the highest land fragmentation index, where the average 5 ha farm consists
of 45 land plots (parcels), and the mean size of a land plot designed for grassland is only 0.1 ha.
In the whole village there are almost no parcels larger than 1 ha that would be appropriate for
tractor tillage. It is necessary to carry out rural management works and to transform agricultural
lands, change the current structure of land use by significant reduction of arable lands in favour
of grasslands.
Changes in Nasal Configuration following Primary Rhinoplasty: Direct Anthropometric Measurement in Patients with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Tang Paula M.Y. , Chao Nicholas S.Y. , Leung Michael W.Y. , Liu Kelvin K.W.
Published: September 2015

Background

With the recent advances of surgical adjuncts including presurgical naso-alveolar molding and postoperative nasal stenting, information on the anthropometric evaluation of cleft lip nasal symmetry after primary rhinoplasty is lacking.

Method

Twenty-nine nonsyndromic patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate undergoing modified rotation advancement cheiloplasty with synchronous primary rhinoplasty in our center were prospectively recruited in our study. All of them received our center's perioperative management protocol, including presurgical naso-alveolar molding and postoperative nasal stenting. Direct anthropometric measurements of their nasal configuration were documented when they were anesthetized for primary lip repair at 3 months of age and for the primary palate repair at 12 months of age. Their nasal configurations were analyzed before primary rhinoplasty and at 9 months after rhinoplasty.

Results

There is a statistically significant change in nasal symmetry at 9 months after the primary rhinoplasty. There is no significant correlation between the nasal configuration before and at 9 months after the primary rhinoplasty.

Conclusions

With significant relapse of nasal deformity at 9 months after the primary rhinoplasty despite the use of presurgical naso-alveolar molding and postoperative nasal stenting, overcorrection of the nasal configuration at primary rhinoplasty should be considered for optimal long-term nasal symmetrical outcome.
A Comparison of Three Viewing Media for Assessing Dental Arch Relationships in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Zhu Shiwen , Yang Yanqi , Gu Min , Khambay Balvinder
Published: September 2015

Objective

To determine the repeatability and reproducibility of using three different viewing media to assess the outcomes of the dental arch relationships of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using the GOSLON Yardstick.

Design

The GOSLON Yardstick was used to rate the dental arch relationships of 29 patients with UCLP. Three experienced calibrated orthodontists rated the plaster study models, digital study models, and stereoscopic projected three-dimensional (3D) study models separately. There was a minimum of a 1-week interval between each rating session. All three rating sessions were repeated 1 month later. A linear weighted kappa statistic was performed to assess intrarater repeatability and inter-rater reproducibility, as well as the comparison between different viewing media using Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance (Kendall's W) statistic.

Results

Intra-rater repeatability was very good for all three viewing media (kappa = 0.83-0.92). Inter-rater reproducibility was good to very good across the three viewing media (kappa = 0.63-0.88). Agreements between plaster study models and digital study models or stereoscopic projected 3D study models were good to very good (kappa = 0.78-0.97 and kappa = 0.72-0.97, respectively), and a Kendall's W ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 ( P < .001).

Conclusions

Stereoscopic projected 3D is an alternative method to assess the outcomes of dental arch relationships in patients with cleft lip and palate using the GOSLON Yardstick. It could also be used for viewing patient records, as it recovers the full 3D information captured at the time of the clinical examination.
Agradecimientos
Authors: Garcí­a Vargas Hugo
Published: September 2015

Agradecimientos UPGPrimero Número de la Revista UMR
Abatiendo brechas de género: Espacios laborales con igualdad
Authors: Rodrí­guez Gallardo Dra. Georgina Ligeia
Published: September 2015

Uno de los espacios de mayor desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres es el laboral. México como miembro activo de las Naciones Unidas ha implementado diversas acciones e iniciativas. Entre estas acciones -en el ámbito laboral- está laNorma Mexicana para la Igualdad Laboral entre Hombre y Mujeres, este documento se centra en la importancia de esta acción con la que se busca la igualdad de condiciones en el ámbito laboral.
La formación de investigadores y la responsabilidad social en la Universidad Politécnica de Pénjamo
Authors: Vázquez Olarra Glafira , Arroyo Arroyo Ignacio , Bravo Ramí­rez Jaime Patricio
Published: September 2015

El presente trabajo aborda un análisis comparativo de las competencias investigativas desarrolladas por alumnos que se iniciaron comoinvestigadores a partir de tomar el curso de Metodologí­a de la Investigación en la Universidad Politécnica de Pénjamo. Se observa un avance en el desarrollo de competencias en investigación.
Mejores prácticas de prevención de conflictos en el proceso de sucesión de la empresa familiar en México
Authors: González Gutiérrez Heber
Published: September 2015

En el presente artí­culo, se describen acciones de sucesión en la empresa familiar, proponiendo a estas unidades económicas, un esquema orientado a fortalecer su patrimonio económico en el largo plazo. Hoy en dí­a, la empresa familiar es el soporte económico de algunas economí­as vulnerables y en ví­as de desarrollo, por lo que su escanales adecuados que impulsen su desarrollo y permanencia comercial a través de la sucesión familiar y el fomento al ”desarrollo emprendedor” en cada uno de sus integrantes, donde este último, es considerada por muchos expertos, y ponen en riesgo el futuro del patrimonio de la empresa familiar. No obstante, la mayorí­a de los problemas que se presentan en el proceso de la sucesión en el negocio familiar, varí­an de acuerdo a la estructura social en que se localizan, la cultura emprendedora y el medio económico en que se desarrollan. Finalmente, el estudio se refuerza con la exposición de dos casos reales desucesión en la empresa familiar mexicana.
Los prejuicios asociados con el edadismo causantes de la discriminación laboral en los procesos de reclutamiento en Celaya, Guanajuato, México
Authors: Alvarez Orozco Dolores Guadalupe , Hernandez Sampieri Roberto , Ruiz Verónica Esperanza
Published: September 2015

Este trabajo muestra un avance de investigación que tiene por objetivo demostrar la existencia de edadismo en los procesos de reclutamientode la ciudad de Celaya Guanajuato, así­ mismo conocer los prejuicios asociados a la edad que la generán, por medio de la implementación metodologí­amixta con diseño secuencial deplix. La información presentada está relacionada con la sección cuantitativa de la investigación, la cual lográ demostrar la existencia de edadismo en la ofertas de empleo publicadas en internet de la ciudad de Celaya, Gto.
AGRADECIMIENTOS
Authors: Garcí­a Vargas Hugo
Published: September 2015

Agradecimientos segundo número de la revista UMR
Gustos y preferencias de los radioescuchas en Acámbaro, Gto
Authors: Barrera Figueroa M. M. Mayra Verónica
Published: September 2015

En la ciudad de Acámbaro; Gto., se llevó a cabo una investigación cuantitativa, derivada de un análisis mixto secuencial, como parte de la primera fase de un benchmarking1; donde se recolectó información para detectar la principal radio que prefieren en la localidad. Este primer paso no se podí­a omitir; ya que a partir de los datos arrojados, se dará continuidad a una segunda fase (cualitativa2), con el fin de llevar a cabo un análisis minucioso; entre la competencia detectada y una organización de radio en especí­fico (la cual no se menciona por cuestiones éticas); de ello se pretende generar estrategias mercadológicas y estás en la implementación, logren un aumento de clientes, los cuales son radioescuchas y anunciantes.
Folha de rosto
Authors: Diersmann Admin Débora
Published: September 2015

Folha de rosto
CARACTERÍSTICAS DETERMINANTES NO NÍVEL DE DIVULGAÇÃO DE INFORMAÇÃO EM RELATÓRIOS DE SUSTENTABILIDADE DE EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Kneipp Jordana Marques , Vieira Kelmara Mendes , Filho Reisoli Bender , Gomes Claudia Maffini
Published: September 2015

O presente estudo buscou analisar a influência de características organizacionais no nível de informação divulgada em relatórios de sustentabilidade de empresas brasileiras que adotaram as diretrizes da Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) no ano de 2010. Para tanto, foram analisados os relatórios de sustentabilidade de 97 empresas e elaborados índices de divulgação de sustentabilidade, com base nos indicadores essenciais propostos pela GRI e, a seguir, estimados quatro modelos de regressão. Constatou-se que as empresas analisadas possuem um índice geral de divulgação de sustentabilidade de, em média, 66,78%, o que representa que as empresas não divulgam em seus relatórios a totalidade de indicadores essenciais propostos pela GRI. A partir da análise dos modelos, verificou-se que as empresas que apresentaram maiores índices de divulgação de sustentabilidade são aquelas de maior porte, de setores de alto impacto ambiental, com maior rentabilidade, de capital aberto, com controle de capital estrangeiro e com certificações ambientais. Desse modo, percebeu-se que dependendo do tipo de empresa, determinadas características influenciam no índice de divulgação de sustentabilidade, em decorrência do nível de pressão social e/ou legal que as organizações estão sujeitas.

Palavras-chave: Relatórios. Sustentabilidade. Divulgação.
POSICIONAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO DE MERCADO: DEFINIÇÃO DE UMA PROPOSTA DE VALOR PARA UMA MARCA DE PRODUTOS DE LIMPEZA
Authors: Antoni Vernder Luis , De Medeiros Janine , Meurer Aline Mara
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste artigo centrou em definir uma proposta de valor para direcionar o posicionamento estratégico adequado de uma nova marca de produtos de limpeza. Para alcançar o objetivo, foi utilizada uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa com 12 intermediários de mercado e quatro gestores da organização foco, por meio da qual se operacionalizou a aplicação de um método para a definição de proposta de valor. Quanto às implicações acadêmicas, o presente trabalho ampliou teoricamente algumas das contribuições descritas nos estudos relacionados ao processo de posicionamento estratégico, como as pertinentes à necessidade de orientação ao mercado e à inclusão das dimensões de diferenciação – produto, serviços ao cliente, recursos humanos e imagem – para análise.

Palavras-chave: Posicionamento. Proposta de valor. Marca.
DETERMINANTES DA INSERÇÃO PRECOCE NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO EM VIÇOSA, MG: UMA ABORDAGEM ECONOMÉTRICA
Authors: Lírio Viviane Silva , Coronel Daniel Arruda , Batalha Camila Soares , Miranda Antonio Carlos , Paula Karine De Almeida
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de verificar os determinantes da inserção precoce de crianças e jovens no mercado de trabalho em Viçosa, MG. Nesse sentido, estimou-se um modelo Probit; os dados necessários para a estimação foram coletados em 130 famílias, ligadas ao Programa de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil (PETI). Os principais resultados da pesquisa indicaram que ser do gênero masculino e não branco eleva as chances de ingresso precoce ao mercado de trabalho; melhor nível de escolaridade da mãe e estabilidade de renda da família exercem efeito contrário à probabilidade de ingresso das crianças e jovens no mercado de trabalho, e famílias que têm problemas com alcoolismo e adictos predispõem à inserção mais rápida no mercado de trabalho.

Palavras-chave: Mercado de trabalho. Viçosa, MG. Probit.
Synthetic Parathyroid Hormone May Augment Bone Volume in Autogenous Grafts: A Study in Rats
Authors: dos Santos Rodrigo A. B. , Ferreira Marcelo S. , Mafra Carlos Eduardo S. , Holzhausen Marinella , de Lima Luiz Antônio Pugliesi Alves , Mendes Pannuti Cláudio , César Neto João Batista
Published: September 2015

Background: Synthetic parathyroid hormone [PTH(1–34)] has been investigated for its benefits on bone healing and osteoporosis treatment; however, there is little information regarding bone grafts. This study therefore investigates the effect of PTH(1–34) on autogenous bone graft healing.

Methods: Bone grafts were harvested from the calvarium of rats with a trephine bur (3‐mm internal diameter) and placed on the cortex near the mandible angle with a titanium screw. Animals were randomly assigned to group 1 (control): subcutaneous injections of saline solution, three times a week (n = 15); group 2: 2 μg/kg PTH(1–34), three times a week (n = 15); and group 3: 40 μg/kg PTH(1–34), three times a week (n = 15). Thirty days postoperatively, the animals were killed, and specimens (implant + bed + graft) were removed and used for undecalcified sections. The following histometric parameters were evaluated: total bone thickness (TT) (bed + gap + graft), graft thickness (GT) (adjacent to the implant), bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC), and bone area (BA) (within the limits of the threads). Five additional animals were sacrificed immediately after surgery (zero hour) to register bed and graft sizes before healing.

Results: Group 3 showed significantly greater bone gain compared with groups 1 and 2 (TT and GT, P <0.05). In relation to initial thickness (zero hour), groups 1 and 2 showed a total decrease in volume of 15.91% and 20.83%, respectively, whereas group 3 showed a slight bone gain (1.21%). Data analysis revealed a significant difference for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 2 (P <0.01). No differences were observed for BIC and BA (P >0.05).

Conclusion: Systemic administration of PTH(1–34) augmented bone volume in autogenous grafts.
Canopeo: A Powerful New Tool for Measuring Fractional Green Canopy Cover
Authors: Patrignani Andres , Ochsner Tyson E.
Published: September 2015

Fractional green canopy cover (FGCC) is a key diagnostic variable that can be used to estimate canopy development, light interception, and evapotranspiration partitioning. Available image analysis tools for quantifying FGCC are time‐consuming or expensive and cannot analyze video. Our objective was to develop a simple, accurate, and rapid tool to analyze FGCC from images and videos. This tool, called Canopeo, was developed using Matlab and is based on color ratios of red to green (R/G) and blue to green (B/G) and an excess green index (2G–R–B). The output from this tool was compared to that from two software packages widely used to analyze FGCC, SamplePoint, and SigmaScan Pro. Canopeo's image processing speed was 20 to 130 times faster than SigmaScan and 75 to 2500 times faster than SamplePoint. Canopeo correctly classified 90% of pixels when compared to SamplePoint. Root mean squared difference (RMSD) values for Canopeo FGCC vs. FGCC determined by SamplePoint and SigmaScan ranged from 0.04 to 0.12, with an average RMSD of 0.073 across several sets of images of corn (Zea mays L.), forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], bermuda grass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). Analysis of video recordings of transects over crop canopies proved to be useful to minimize sampling error and to quantify FGCC spatial variability. This analysis was simple and rapid with Canopeo but not possible with SamplePoint or SigmaScan. The Canopeo app for Matlab and for iOS and Android mobile devices can be downloaded at www.canopeoapp.com.
Corn Stalk Lodging: A Forensic Engineering Approach Provides Insights into Failure Patterns and Mechanisms
Authors: Robertson Daniel J. , Julias Margaret , Gardunia Brian W. , Barten Ty , Cook Douglas D.
Published: September 2015

Stalk lodging is essentially a structural failure. It was therefore hypothesized that application of structural and forensic engineering principles would provide novel insights into the problem of late‐season stalk lodging of maize (Zea mays L.). This study presents results from a structural engineering failure analysis of corn stalk lodging, involving detailed inspection and measurements of lodged stalks and a multidimensional imaging study to assess stalk architecture based on structural engineering principles. This work involved in‐field observation of >20 varieties of lodged corn stalk in eight international locations and detailed geometric analysis of four varieties. Analysis of collected data revealed very strong, yet previously unreported, patterns in corn stalk lodging. Corn stalks predominantly fail (break) by creasing, fall in the direction of the minor diameter of the cross section, and break within 4 cm of a node. These failure patterns, across a broad sampling of varieties and environments, suggest a consistent weakness in maize stalk architecture, indicating that a common solution might be identified to strengthen maize stalks. Structural engineering analysis of stalk architecture and morphology revealed that several geometric stress concentrators (features known from engineering theory to increase local stresses) occur in the predominant failure region of corn stalk. Identified stress concentrators include surface irregularities, sharp changes in diameter, and voids occurring in the stalk pith. Each of these stalk features persist across different international locations, environmental conditions, and hybrid varieties. These findings support the use of new selective breeding approaches that focus on stalk morphology and structural engineering analysis of corn stalk architecture to develop lodging resistant varieties of maize.
Genetic Transformation of Commercially Important Mature Citrus Scions
Authors: Wu Hao , Acanda Yosvanis , Shankar Alka , Peeples Michael , Hubbard Calvin , Orbovic′ Vladimir , Zale Janice
Published: September 2015

A Mature Citrus Facility (MCF) was established at the University of Florida's Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC) to produce transgenic citrus (Citrus spp.) tolerant to canker and greening bacterial diseases. Plants produced from mature tissue should flower and fruit early. Budsticks of ‘Hamlin’, ‘Valencia’, and ‘Pineapple’ sweet orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and ‘Ray Ruby’ grapefruit (C. paradisi Macfad.) were obtained from the Florida Division of Plant Industry (DPI) and introduced into the facility through shoot‐tip grafting (STG). These plants were tested for bacteria, phloem‐limited Huanglongbing (HLB), and indexed for viruses to ensure freedom from disease. Mature buds were grafted onto immature rootstock and the first two flushes of mature scion used in transformation feasibility studies with Agrobacterium strain EHA105 harboring pCAMBIA2301 and strain EHA101 harboring pTLAB21, which carry the β‐glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporters, respectively. β‐glucuronidase assays or GFP fluorescence was used to identify transgenic shoots, which developed through organogenesis from stem explants. Transgenic shoots were micrografted onto immature rootstock, and secondarily micrografted onto 4‐ to 5‐mo‐old rootstock. NPTII enzyme expression in older trees was confirmed using the immunostrip and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Southern blots of a representative group of transgenics showed that most were low copy number with 1 to 3 copies of the T‐DNA integrated into the genome. There were a large number of escapes on kanamycin, and many transgenic shoots were lost in micrografting. Several transgenic trees flowered 18 to 19 mo after cocultivation with Agrobacterium. Transformation of mature citrus with disease resistance genes would be a feasible way to produce citrus tolerant to canker and greening.
Ecophysiological Responses of Tall Fescue Genotypes to Fungal Endophyte Infection, Elevated Temperature, and Precipitation
Authors: Bourguignon Marie , Nelson Jim A. , Carlisle Elizabeth , Ji Huihua , Dinkins Randy D. , Phillips Tim D. , McCulley Rebecca L.
Published: September 2015

Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.) can form a symbiosis with the fungal endophyte Epichloë coenophiala, whose presence often benefits the plant, depending on plant and fungal genetics and the prevailing environmental conditions. Despite this symbiosis having agricultural, economic, and ecological importance, relatively little is known regarding its response to predicted global climate change. We quantified the ecophysiological responses of four tall fescue genetic clone pairs, where each pair consisted of one endophyte‐infected (E+) and one endophyte‐free clone, to climate change factors of annually elevated temperature and seasonally increased precipitation. Endophyte presence increased fescue tillering and biomass production in the elevated temperature treatment and greatly enhanced the ability of two of the fescue clones to recover from the hot and unusually dry summer. Surprisingly, endophyte infection also stimulated biomass production and photosynthesis rates (for one clone) in the most mesic treatment (additional precipitation). Toxic ergot alkaloid concentrations increased in E+ individuals exposed to elevated temperatures, particularly in the fall, but the strength of the response varied across E+ genotypes. Overall, this study suggests that choice of plant and endophyte genetic material will be important in determining the productivity, toxicity, and resilience of tall fescue pastures under future climate conditions.
Confirming and Identifying New Loci for Rice Blast Disease Resistance using Magnaporthe oryzae Field Isolates in the US
Authors: Xing Junjie , Jia Melissa H , Correll James C. , Yuan Longping , Deng Huangfeng , Jia Yulin
Published: September 2015

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) play important roles in controlling rice blast disease. In the present study, 10 field isolates of the races IA1, IB1, IB17, and IC1 of US rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae collected in 1996 and 2009 were used to identify blast resistance QTL with a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 227 F7 individuals derived from the cross of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Lemont and Jasmine 85. Jasmine 85 is an indica cultivar that is moderately resistant, and Lemont is a tropical japonica cultivar susceptible to rice blast in greenhouse inoculation. Disease reactions of the parents and RILs were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. A total of six resistance QTL, qBLR8, qBLR10‐1, qBLR10‐2, qBLR10‐3, qBLR12‐1, and qBLR12‐2, were identified on chromosomes 8, 10, and 12, respectively. Phenotypic variation, conditioned by these six resistance QTL, ranged from 5.37 to 39.18%. Among them, qBLR12‐1 and qBLR12‐2 provided the strongest resistance to the newest isolates of the most virulent race IA1 of M. oryzae. Three of these resistance QTL have been identified using different blast isolates in a previous study. qBLR10‐1, qBLR10‐2, and qBLR10‐3 have not been previously found in this cross. These confirmed and new resistance QTL will be useful for the development of rice cultivars with improved effective resistance to rice blast via a marker‐assisted selection (MAS) approach.
Heat Stress Adaptation in Elite Lines Derived from Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: Cossani C. Mariano , Reynolds Matthew P.
Published: September 2015

The contribution of synthetic hexaploids in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding has been documented under drought stress, but not previously under heat stress. A set of six advanced wheat lines derived from synthetic hexaploid wheat (ASD) was compared to their conventional hexaploid (Conv‐Hex) and synthetic derivative (Syn‐Der) parents under three different temperature scenarios in the field (temperate or non‐stress, heat‐stress environment, and late‐ or extreme heat environment). The ASD lines showed a yield advantage under heat and extreme heat stress compared to the best parent (Syn‐Der) by on average 15 and 13%, respectively, while the average yield advantage under temperate conditions was just 5%. A similar pattern to yield was observed for grain number, while individual kernel weight of ASD lines was similar to the best parent (Syn‐Der) in all three environments. The ASD lines expressed on average 12% more final biomass than the best parent (Syn‐Der) under heat environment, but similar biomass to them at temperate and extreme heat environments, respectively. Physiological traits related to heat tolerance included higher crop growth rate, increased water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) storage in stems, cooler canopy temperature, and spectral indices which are related to pigment composition, photo‐protective mechanisms, and radiation use efficiency. These traits enabled a larger number of grains to be set, in addition to growth of taller stems with a greater WSC storage capacity that was significantly related to kernel weight. Results reinforce the positive impact of using synthetic wheat in plant breeding for climate change.
Switchgrass Population and Cold–Moist Stratification Mediate Germination
Authors: Eckberg James O. , Casler Michael D. , Johnson Gregg A. , Seefeldt Laura L. , Blaedow Karen E. , Shaw Ruth G.
Published: September 2015

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) breeding and selection have enhanced the agronomic qualities of this species as a crop for forage and bioenergy applications. Previous work has characterized variation in phenotypic traits (e.g., survival, biomass yield, and cell wall carbohydrates) among wild and cultivated populations. Despite the importance of low dormancy to the establishment of a productive switchgrass stand, there is little information characterizing the dormancy of selectively bred cultivars vs. wild populations of switchgrass. The objectives of this study were to use growth chamber experiments to quantify germination vs. dormancy (confirmed by tetrazolium tests) of eight wild and four cultivar populations and evaluate the relationship between seed size and germination. While cultivars generally showed higher germination than wild populations, there was marked variation in germination among wild populations; for those with lower germination, the ungerminated fraction comprised mostly live (i.e., dormant) seeds. These data led us to perform a subsequent experiment testing the application of a seed treatment, cold–moist stratification, on a subset of eight populations representing the wide variation in germination observed in the first experiment. Cold–moist stratification substantially increased germination, but the magnitude of the effect varied among populations. Populations with higher dormancy showed a much larger increase in germination after cold–moist stratification. These data clearly show that seed dormancy in wild populations can be easily overcome by cold–moist stratification in the short term and breeding and selection in the long term.
AMMI Analysis of Four‐Way Genotype × Location × Management × Year Data from a Wheat Trial in Poland
Authors: Paderewski Jakub , Gauch Hugh G. , Mądry Wieslaw , Gacek Edward
Published: September 2015

Grain yield data of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) trials in Poland had a four‐way factorial design of 24 genotypes by 20 locations by two managements by 3 yr. The experimental design had genotype–management strip plots with two replications for genotypes, with somewhat more genotypes than the 24 having no missing data. The research objectives were to extend additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) analysis from two‐way to higher‐way datasets to reduce spurious complexity originating from noise, delineate wheat mega‐environments in Poland, and make genotype recommendations within each mega‐environment. Statistical analysis began with adjusting the yield estimates using the strip‐plot experimental design and then combining the results in a genotype × location × management × year (GLMY) table. This table was analyzed by a four‐way ANOVA mixed model. Next the GLMY dataset was reorganized into a two‐way classification, namely a genotype × environment (G × E) dataset, where the 120 environments were defined as combinations of location, management, and year. This two‐way dataset was analyzed by AMMI, with practical limitations of working with only a few mega‐environments focusing interest on the AMMI1 member of this model family. The first principal component had an evident geographical interpretation, contrasting northeast Poland (colder climate) and southwest Poland (warmer climate). Suitable genotypes were recommended within each of these two mega‐environments. The methodological significance of this paper is the extension of AMMI analysis from the customary two‐way G × E datasets to higher‐way datasets, such as the present four‐way GLMY dataset.
Degenerate Oligonucleotide Primed–Polymerase Chain Reaction‐Based Chromosome Painting of P Genome Chromosomes in Agropyron cristatum and Wheat–A. cristatum Addition Lines
Authors: Han Haiming , Zhang Yingxin , Liu Weihua , Hu Zanmin , Li Lihui
Published: September 2015

Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (2n = 4x = 28, PPPP), a wild relative of wheat, could provide many desirable genes for wheat improvement. Microdissection and degenerate oligonucleotide primed –polymerase chain reaction (DOP–PCR) is an effective way to isolate specific sequences. The development of specific sequences and functional markers of P genome could lay the foundation for gene mapping and cloning. In this study, chromosomes 6PS and 6PL were microdissected from wheat–A. cristatum 6PS and 6PL addition lines, and DOP–PCR products from both microdissected chromosomes were used as probes to hybridize with mitotic metaphase chromosomes of diploid A. cristatum, wheat–A. cristatum addition lines 6PS, 6PL, and 6P. The results showed that the distribution patterns on A. cristatum chromosomes using DOP–PCR products of microdissected 6PS as the probe were similar to those using DOP–PCR products of microdissected 6PL as the probe. They both distributed along all chromosomes, and chromosome 6P and other chromosomes were similar according to the hybridization pattern. There were no signals on wheat chromosomes indicating that DOP–PCR products contain P‐genome specific sequences. Actually, we obtained a P‐genome specific sequence from the DOP–PCR products of 6PS, which could be used as a fluoresence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe to identify P genome chromatin in wheat–A. cristatum introgression lines. These results could provide a basis for the study of structure and evolution of P genome chromosomes. Furthermore, this study may lead to mapping and cloning of the desirable genes on 6P chromosome.
Endosperm Carbohydrate Composition and Kernel Characteristics of shrunken2‐intermediate (sh2‐i/sh2‐i Su1/Su1) and shrunken2‐intermediate–sugary1‐reference (sh2‐i/sh2‐i su1‐r/su1‐r) in Sweet Corn
Authors: Dodson‐Swenson Hallie G. , Tracy William F.
Published: September 2015

The Shrunken2 (Sh2) gene in maize (Zea mays L.) codes for ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase. Corn homozygous for the shrunken2‐reference (sh2‐r) allele does not produce ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase, resulting in greatly reduced starch production and increased sugar in the endosperm. The shrunken2‐intermediate (sh2‐i) allele produces some enzyme and more starch than sh2‐r. The sugary1‐reference (su1‐r) allele results in endosperm with large amounts of water‐soluble polysaccharide (WSP), which gives sweet corn good mouth feel. The combination of endosperm WSP and sugar content determines sweet corn quality. We tested the hypothesis that double mutant sh2‐i/sh2‐i su1‐r/su1‐r results in increased amounts of endosperm WSP and sugar than sh2‐r/sh2‐r Su1/Su1, Sh2‐r/Sh2‐r su1‐r/su1‐r, or sh2‐r/sh2‐r su1‐r/su1‐r. Carbohydrate content was measured in kernels of near‐isogenic inbreds and hybrids of sh2‐i and sh2‐r in Su1 and su1‐r. The lines and hybrids were grown in field trials in 2009 and 2010. Carbohydrate content was determined using enzymatic procedures and quantified with a spectrophotometer. The WSP content in the double mutant sh2‐i su1‐r was greater than in sh2‐r and sh2‐r su1‐r. Sugar content in the double mutant sh2‐i su1‐r was greater than in su1‐r or sh2‐i. The WSP/starch ratio is an important determinant of mouth feel or texture. The sh2‐i/sh2‐i su1‐r/su1‐r hybrids had quality factors that exceed both sh2‐r and su1‐r commercial hybrids.
Ambivalent Attitude of Young People in China Toward Rich Kids: Evidence from Behavioral Indices
Authors: Cui Dai , Wu Lili , Zhang Jianxin
Published: September 2015

A social phenomenon of great interest in China is that of young people who have rich parents, commonly referred to as “rich kids.” These rich kids are both liked and disliked by other young people, leading to contradictions in the behavior of their peers toward the rich
kids. We conducted 2 studies to examine the attitude that young people hold toward rich kids from an ambivalent theory perspective. In Study 1, we used a free-thinking task and found that participants were ambivalent, associating both good and bad things with the target phrase “rich
kids.” In Study 2, we presented participants with a scenario. Participants showed a more negative evaluation of, and more ambivalent emotions toward, the target they were supposed to meet when they were told that the target was a rich kid. These results showed that the participants'
attitudinal ambivalence manifested in their emotion but not in their cognitive evaluation.
Global Self-Esteem Mediates the Effect of General Self-efficacy on Chinese Undergraduates' General Procrastination
Authors: Tan Jian-feng , Ma Ze-wei , Li Xue-ting
Published: September 2015

We investigated the mediating role of global self-esteem in the relationship between general self-efficacy and general procrastination among a sample of 304 Chinese undergraduate students. An online survey method was employed for data collection and willing participants completed an
online survey consisting of the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Aitken Procrastination Inventory. The results showed that procrastination was negatively related to self-efficacy and self-esteem, and that self-efficacy was positively correlated with self-esteem.
Mediation analysis revealed that self-esteem completely mediated the effect of self-efficacy on procrastination. Thus, we suggest that general self-efficacy decreases general procrastination because high self-efficacy fosters high self-esteem. As a result, it is necessary for preventive therapy
in the context of procrastination to be focused on the enhancement of self-efficacy in order to cultivate a sense of self-worth in Chinese undergraduate student procrastinators.
Servant Leadership and Customer Service Quality at Korean Hotels: Multilevel Organizational Citizenship Behavior as a Mediator
Authors: Kwak Won Jun , Kim Hwa-Kyung
Published: September 2015

We proposed that employees' individual- and group-level organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) would transmit the effect of servant leadership onto customer perception of service quality in the hotel context. Participants were 198 supervisors, lower-level customer-contact employees,
and customers at South Korean hotels. Survey packets, comprising separate survey forms for each of the 3 groups of respondents, were distributed to the supervisors, who completed their own survey forms and provided the other versions of the survey form to the employees and customers. The results
of the analysis of the matched responses supported the study hypotheses. We found that supervisors' servant leadership was positively related to customers' perception of level of service quality and that this positive relationship was mediated by both the hotel employees' individual-level
and group-level OCB. The findings suggest that, to improve customer service quality at hotels, supervisors need to facilitate the active performance by their staff of OCB both individually and as a group.
Classifying and Profiling Sports Lottery Gamblers: A Cluster Analysis Approach
Authors: Li Hai , Mao Luke Lunhua , Zhang James Jianhui , Xu Jiaxi
Published: September 2015

We developed a typology of sports gamblers based on the Scale of Assessing Problem Gambling and then to describe the clusters we identified according to the demographic and behavioral characteristics of each. Participants (N = 4,980) were Chinese sports lottery players selected
using a multistage sampling procedure. All participants completed the survey. Through cluster analyses, we identified 5 distinctive clusters of sports gamblers: casual players, escalated players, at-risk players, compulsive players, and problem players. A profiling analysis revealed that these
5 clusters differed in both terms of demographic and behavioral characteristics. This typology of sports gamblers provides diagnostic information that can be used by regulatory institutions to develop relevant intervention programs.
Determinants and Outcomes of Professional Vitality: Evidence from China
Authors: Chu Fulei , Long Ye , Guo Ming
Published: September 2015

The processes underlying professional vitality in the workplace based on organizational variables such as perceived organizational support and career satisfaction, have received little attention from researchers. We proposed professional vitality as a positive dimension in career development
and empirically examined its determinants and outcomes. Within our conceptual framework, light was shed on the effect of professional vitality as a critical component in career satisfaction. We collected data from 218 students enrolled part-time in the Master of Business Administration course
at a large public university in China. The results showed that perceived organizational support and trust were closely connected to the students' professional vitality and career satisfaction. Moreover, we found that professional vitality played a partial mediating role between perceived organizational
support, trust, and career satisfaction. The theoretical and practical implications for future research are discussed.
The Impact of Product Regret on Repurchase Intention
Authors: Chang Ya Ping , Gao Yin , Zhu Dong Hong
Published: September 2015

We examined the impact of product regret on consumers' repurchase intention and also the moderating effect of consumers' power state on the relationship between product regret and attribution, through an empirical survey with 203 participants. Results showed that product regret influenced
repurchase intention through an attribution tendency toward product regret or a lack thereof. In addition, power state moderated the relationship between product regret and attribution. High-power consumers exhibit approach-related affect and an external attribution tendency, which is associated
with a lower repurchase intention. In contrast, low-power consumers exhibit avoidance-related affect and an internal attribution tendency, which is not associated with a significant change in repurchase intention. Managerial implications and practical suggestions with regard to price discounts
and consumer identity are discussed.