bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realizing “30 × 30” in India: The potential, the challenges, and the way forward
Authors: Sengupta Asmita , Bhan Manan , Bhatia Saloni , Joshi Atul , Kuriakose Shyama , Seshadri K. S.
Published: February 2024

Of the goals and targets specified by the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Target 3, often referred to as “30 × 30,” has garnered widespread attention globally. In this paper, we critique India's potential to meet this target. We find that with its vast network of ecosystems that are under some form of protection and through the recognition of other effective area‐based conservation measures sites, India has the potential to meet the quantitative target of conserving and managing at least 30% of its area by 2030. However, the qualitative attributes of the target might be more difficult to realize owing to several challenges, such as inadequate landscape connectivity, insufficient representation of habitats in the current protected area model, and the exacerbation of socioeconomic vulnerabilities of resource‐dependent communities. To achieve strategic, inclusive, and equitable conservation, we suggest a four‐pronged approach involving landscape‐level biodiversity conservation, socially just and collaborative safeguarding of biodiversity, and relevant policy (re)formulation, informed and underlain by long‐term research and impact monitoring. Although we focus on India, the issues we discuss are of broader relevance, especially for countries across the Global South that are also likely to be significantly impacted by the implementation of the target.
Training intensity of robot‐assisted gait training in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Choi Ja Young , Jin Li Hua , Jeon Min Soo , Kim Min Hwan , Yang Shin‐Seung , Sohn Min Kyun
Published: February 2024

Aim

We compared three different intensities of robot‐assisted gait training (RAGT) for achieving favourable outcomes in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

This study was conducted using a randomized controlled, single‐blind design. Thirty children (19 males and 11 females; mean age 6 years 1 month, SD 2 years) with CP classified in Gross Motor Function Classification System levels II and III were assigned to three different RAGT intensity groups: high‐intensity (fastest walking speed and lowest body weight support [BWS]), low‐intensity (slowest speed and highest BWS), and comfortable intensity (intermediate speed and intermediate BWS). The RAGT intervention was performed three times a week for 6 weeks. Outcome measures included the 88‐item Gross Motor Function Measure, stability index, spatiotemporal parameters of gait analysis, paediatric functional independence measure, and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.

Results

The 88‐item Gross Motor Function Measure was significantly improved after training in the high‐intensity (D Δ8.3 ± 15.6; E Δ3.8 ± 4.1) and comfortable intensity (D Δ2.9 ± 3.1; E Δ1.2 ± 2.0) groups, whereas gait speed was improved in the comfortable intensity group, without statistically significant group differences. Only the low‐intensity group showed improvement on the stability index (Δ −0.6 ± 0.9, p = 0.05). Everyday functional performance significantly improved in all three groups, with the comfortable intensity group showing the greatest improvement.

Interpretation

Different training intensities produced improvement in different areas; individualized RAGT intensity adjustment is therefore needed based on the rehabilitation goal.
O Quadro de Raciocínio Clínico Bobath: Uma abordagem de ciência de sistemas para a complexidade das condições do neurodesenvolvimento, incluindo a paralisia cerebral
Authors: Mayston Margaret J. , Saloojee Gillian M. , Foley Sarah E.
Published: February 2024

A prática de desenvolvimento Bobath recomendada atualmente dentro do Quadro de Raciocínio Clínico Bobath (BCRF) pode ser conceptualizada usando a abordagem de ciência de sistemas, proporcionando assim uma perspetiva holística sobre a inter‐relação e interconexão das variáveis associadas às deficiências iniciadas na infância. O BCRF é definido como um quadro de raciocínio clínico aprofundado que pode ser aplicado para ajudar a compreender as relações entre os domínios da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde, como esses domínios podem ser influenciados e como podem ter impacto uns nos outros. O BCRF é um sistema de observação transdisciplinar e uma abordagem de raciocínio prático que resulta num plano de intervenção. Isso proporciona uma compreensão holística da complexidade das situações associadas a distúrbios como a paralisia cerebral (PC) e a base para a gestão e habilitação de pessoas que vivem com distúrbios neurológicos ao longo da vida. O raciocínio clínico usado pelo BCRF baseia‐se nos importantes fatores contextuais do indivíduo e no seu ambiente social, principalmente o meio familiar. Está enraizado na compreensão das inter‐relações entre o desenvolvimento típico e atípico, a fisiopatologia (sensoriomotora, cognitiva, comportamental) e a neurociência, e o impacto destas conceções de estrutura e função corporal na atividade e participação. O modelo de ciência de sistemas integrado no BCRF é uma maneira útil de avançar na compreensão e resposta à complexidade da PC, sendo o objetivo principal otimizar a experiência de vida de qualquer indivíduo em qualquer contexto.
Artificial intelligence for the practical assessment of nutritional status in emergencies
Authors: Watkins Ben , Odallo Lameck , Yu Jenny
Published: February 2024

This paper describes a novel method for detecting child malnutrition based on artificial intelligence and facial photography. Estimates of severe and moderate acute malnutrition in children are critical for rapid emergency responses. However, the two traditional measurement methods, mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) and weight‐for‐height (WFH), are impractical in conflict and catastrophic disaster situations. They require well‐trained enumerators, cumbersome equipment, and close supervision. The Method for Extremely Rapid Observation of Nutritional Status (MERON) addresses the problem, using simple facial photographs. Facial features are extracted to predict Body Mass Index (BMI) in adults and Weight for Height Z Score (WFHZ) in children under five. MERON correctly predicts adult BMI classification with 78% accuracy. A variant of the model, trained on a sample of 3167 children in Kenya, successfully classified 60% of cases. On most measures, MERON was easier and more culturally acceptable to use than the traditional measurement methods. If MERON were to be trained and validated on a larger sample, with more extreme cases, it would provide a practical solution to a recurrent humanitarian problem.
Phygital luxury experiences. A correspondence analysis on retail technologies
Authors: Guzzetti Alice , Crespi Roberta , Belvedere Valeria
Published: February 2024

Beliefs play a prominent role in consumer attitudes toward technology. Hence, the interplay between affective and cognitive perceptions results in approach or avoidance behaviours. This study examines how phygital interactive in‐store technologies are perceived in the specific context of luxury retail by providing a holistic picture of the characteristics consumers link to technological applications. Employing correspondence analysis, we highlight the contribution of the affective and cognitive dimensions of beliefs to technology evaluation, both in positive and negative terms. By differentiating between respondents who had already tried the technology and those who had not, the findings reveal how negative bias, derived from a lack of experience, results in negative evaluations; while previous usage of the technology positively impacts technology assessment. The results provide an outline of a valuable customer in‐store experience enriched by phygital devices, showing how technology's distinct features attract consumers, and how these perceptions can be leveraged by the retailer to enhance the retail experience.
Taipan snake venom time has high sensitivity for lupus anticoagulants in non‐anticoagulated, triple positive antiphospholipid syndrome patients
Authors: Moore Gary W. , Platton Sean , Yartey Nada , Foxton Eleanor , White Danielle , MacDonald Stephen G.
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) are the mainstay assays in lupus anticoagulant (LA) detection yet they have limitations, particularly in relation to interferences and specificity. The recently validated Taipan snake venom time (TSVT) screening with ecarin time (ET) confirmatory assays overcome many of those limitations due to the innate specificity engendered from direct prothrombin activation, and insensitivity to the effects of vitamin K antagonists (VKA). The present study aimed to further evidence diagnostic utility of TSVT/ET by performing them in samples from 116 nonanticoagulated patients with established triple‐positive antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

Methods

Samples were identified in three expert centres who performed dRVVT, APTT and solid phase antiphospholipid antibody assays with reagents from a variety of manufacturers. All samples additionally received TSVT/ET analysis using standardised reagents.

Results

Ninety seven of 116 (83.6%) were dRVVT‐ and APTT‐positive, 85/97 (87.6%) of which were TSVT/ET‐positive, 9/116 (7.8%) were dRVVT‐positive only, 6 of which were TSVT/ET‐positive, and 10/116 (8.6%) were APTT‐positive only, 5 of which were TSVT/ET‐positive. 96/116 TSVT/ET‐positivity returned a high sensitivity for LA of 82.8%. Low coefficients of determination revealed weak relationships between LA potency and anticardiolipin and anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I antibody titres for all three LA assays.

Conclusions

TSVT/ET has high sensitivity for the clinically significant LA found in triple positive APS patients. TSVT/ET can establish multiple LA assay positivity in nonanticoagulated patients negative for one of dRVVT or APTT, and is the only assay pairing insensitive to VKAs, the recommended anticoagulation for APS.
Development of a list of Australian potentially inappropriate medicines using the Delphi technique
Authors: Wang Kate N. , Etherton‐Beer Christopher D. , Sanfilippo Frank , Page Amy T.
Published: February 2024

Background

Older people are at high risk of medicines‐related harms. otentially inappropriate medicines (PIMs) list has been developed to assist clinicians and researchers to identify medicines with risks that may potentially outweigh their benefits in order to improve medication management and safety.

Aim

To develop a list of PIMs for older people specific to Australia.

Methods

The study obtained expert consensus through the utilisation of the Delphi technique in Australia. A total of 33 experts partook in the initial round, while 32 experts engaged in the subsequent round. The primary outcomes encompass medicines assessed as potentially inappropriate, the specific contexts in which their inappropriateness arises and potentially safer alternatives.

Results

A total of 16 medicines or medicine classes had one or more medicines deemed as potentially inappropriate in older people. Up to 19 medicines or medicine classes had specific conditions that make them more potentially inappropriate, while alternatives were suggested for 16 medicines or classes.

Conclusion

An explicit PIMs list for older people living in Australia has been developed containing 19 drugs/drug classes. The PIMs list is intended to be used as a guide for clinicians when assessing medication appropriateness in older people in Australian clinical settings and does not substitute individualised treatment advice from clinicians.
Struggling in the dehumanized world of COVID—An exploratory mixed‐methods study of frontline healthcare workers' experiences
Authors: Carnesten Hillewi , von Heideken Wågert Petra , Gustin Lena Wiklund , Toivanen Susanna , Skoglund Karin , Jaarsma Tiny , Andreae Christina
Published: February 2024

Aim

To explore healthcare workers' experiences of the changed caring reality during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Sweden.

Design

An online fully mixed‐methods design.

Methods

A web‐based self‐reported questionnaire with fixed and open‐ended answers collected data from March to April 2021, analysed in three steps. First, free‐text questions were analysed by qualitative content analysis. Then quantitative linear regression analyses using models covering stress and coping mechanisms were conducted. Finally, a meta‐inference of qualitative and quantitative data emerged a new comprehensive understanding. The COREQ guidelines were used for reporting.

Results

Meta‐inferenced results of quantitative and qualitative findings show the pandemic was a traumatic experience for healthcare workers. Main theme; When work became a frightening experience in a dehumanized reality, comprised four themes: Entering unprepared into a frightful, incomprehensible world; Sacrificing moral values and harbouring dilemmas in isolation; Lack of clear management; and Reorient in togetherness and find meaning in a changed reality. Qualitative results comprised four categories; Working in a dehumanized world; Living in betrayal of ones' own conscience; Lack of structure in a chaotic time and Regaining vitality together. Subdimensions comprehensibility and meaningfulness were associated significantly with post‐traumatic stress disorder in multiple regression analysis. In multiple regression analysis, sense of coherence was the most prominent coping strategy.

Conclusions

Forcing oneself to perform beyond one's limit, sacrificing moral values and lacking management was a traumatic experience to healthcare workers during the pandemic. Reorienting as a way of coping was possible in togetherness with colleagues. There is an urgency of interventions to meet the needs among healthcare workers who took on a frontline role during the COVID‐19 pandemic and to prevent mental health illness in future crisis.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.

The pandemic outbreak exposed frontline healthcare workers to unparallelled stress shown as negative for their mental health in several meta‐analyses and systematic reviews. In‐depth understanding on experiences and how symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder relate to coping mechanisms have been scarcely explored. This study contributes to understanding on healthcare workers' experiences and the relation between lower sense of coherence and increased risk of developing symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder.

Implications for Practice/Policy

This study might guide how to prepare for resilience in future emergencies.
Inbreeding depression and runs of homozygosity islands in Asturiana de los Valles cattle breed after 30 years of selection
Authors: Cortes Oscar , Cañon Javier , Andrino Sara , Fernanadez María , Carleos Carlos
Published: February 2024

Inbreeding depression results in a decrease in the average phenotypic values of affected traits. It has been traditionally estimated from pedigree‐based inbreeding coefficients. However, with the development of single‐nucleotide polymorphism arrays, novel methods were developed for calculating the inbreeding coefficient, and consequently, inbreeding depression. The aim of the study was to analyse inbreeding depression in 6 growth and 2 reproductive traits in the Asturiana de los Valles cattle breed using both genealogical and molecular information. The pedigree group comprised 225,848 records and an average equivalent number of complete generations of 2.3. The molecular data comprised genotypes of 2693 animals using the Affymetrix medium‐density chip. Using the pedigree information, three different inbreeding coefficients were estimated for the genotyped animals: the full pedigree coefficient (FPED), and the recent and ancient inbreeding coefficients based on the information of the last three generations (FPED<3G) and until the last three generations (FPED>3G), respectively. Using the molecular data, seven inbreeding coefficients were calculated. Four of them were estimated based on runs of homozygosity (ROH), considering (1) the total length (FROH), (2) segments shorter than 4 megabases (FROH<4), (3) between 4 and 17 megabases (FROH4‐17), and (4) longer than 17 Mb (FROH>17). Additionally, the three inbreeding coefficients implemented in the Plink software (FHAT1‐3) were estimated. Inbreeding depression was estimated using linear mixed‐effects model with inbreeding coefficients used as covariates. All analysed traits (birth weight, preweaning average daily gain, weaning weight adjusted at 180 days, carcass weight, calving ease, age at first calving, calving interval) showed a statistically significant non‐zero effect of inbreeding depression estimated from the pedigree group, except for the Postweaning Average Daily Gain trait. When inbreeding coefficients were based on the genomic group, statistically significant inbreeding depression was observed for two traits, Preweaning Average Daily Gain and Weaning Weight based on FROH, FROH>17, and FHAT3 inbreeding coefficients. Nevertheless, similar to inbreeding depression estimated based on pedigree information, estimates of inbreeding depression based on genomic information had no relevant economic impact. Despite this, from a long‐term perspective, genotyped data could be included to maximize genetic progress in genetic programs following an optimal genetic contribution strategy and to consider individual inbreeding load instead global inbreeding. ROH islands were identified on chromosomes 2, 3, 8, 10, and 16. Such regions contain several candidate genes for growth development, intramuscular fat, body weight and lipid metabolism that are related to production traits selected in Asturiana de los Valles breed.
Understanding individual differences in computational thinking development of primary school students: A three‐wave longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Shuhan , Wong Gary K. W.
Published: February 2024

Background

Computational thinking (CT) has emerged as a critical component of 21st‐century skills, and increasing effort was seen in exploring the development of CT skills in K–12 students. Despite cumulative research on exploring students' CT acquisition and its influencing factors, learners' development of the skill over time and the underlying mechanism that contributes to individual differences remain unclear.

Objective

To bridge this gap, the present study aimed to explore the individual differences in CT acquisition among primary school students and how these differences were shaped over time. Specifically, variations in the development of CT across demographics, including gender and learning experience, were explored.

Method

Three waves of data were collected from a sample of 322 primary school students (aged 7–12) across 18 months, with a 9‐month interval between adjacent waves. A time‐lagged model was leveraged for data analysis, and control variables were included in the model to strengthen statistical robustness.

Results and Conclusion

The results indicate that male students and those who were more experienced in coding tended to have more positive attitudes toward coding. Additionally, coding interest was found to mediate the relationship between demographics and CT, demonstrating that male students and more experienced learners tended to be more interested in coding, which, in turn, contributed to the development of CT skills in later stages.

Conclusion

The study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying individual differences in CT development over time. The findings highlight the importance of nurturing coding interest among female students and promoting coding exposure for novice learners.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulators exhibit different prognostic, therapeutic and immune landscapes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Shanshan , He Kaini , Yang Longbao , Xu Fangshi , Cui Xiaoguang , Qu Li , Li Xueyi , Ren Bin‐cheng
Published: February 2024

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and unfolded protein response are the critical processes of tumour biology. However, the roles of ERS regulatory genes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) remain elusive. A novel ERS‐related risk signature was constructed using the Lasso regression analysis. Its prognostic value, immune effect, metabolic influence, mutational feature and therapeutic correlation were comprehensively analysed through multiple bioinformatic approaches. The biofunctions of KDELR3 and YWHAZ in pancreatic cancer (PC) cells were also investigated through colony formation, Transwell assays, flow cytometric detection and a xenograft model. The upstream miRNA regulatory mechanism of KDELR3 was predicted and validated. ERS risk score was identified as an independent prognostic factor and could improve traditional prognostic model. Meanwhile, it was closely associated with metabolic reprogramming and tumour immune. High ERS risk enhanced glycolysis process and nucleotide metabolism, but was unfavourable for anti‐tumour immune response. Moreover, ERS risk score could act as a potential biomarker for predicting the efficacy of ICBs. Overexpression of KDELR3 and YWHAZ stimulated the proliferation, migration and invasion of SW1990 and BxPC‐3 cells. Silencing KDELR3 suppressed tumour growth in a xenograft model. miR‐137 could weaken the malignant potentials of PC cells through inhibiting KDELR3 (5′‐AGCAAUAA‐3′). ERS risk score greatly contributed to PAAD clinical assessment. KDELR3 and YWHAZ possessed cancer‐promoting capacities, showing promise as a novel treatment target.
Does HPV biotype influence the characteristics and evolution of plantar warts?
Authors: García‐Oreja Sara , Álvaro‐Afonso Francisco Javier , Sevillano‐Fernández David , García‐Morales Esther Alicia , López‐Moral Mateo , Lázaro‐Martínez José Luis
Published: February 2024

Background

Few studies have addressed the relationship of human papillomavirus (HPV) biotypes to patient characteristics and the clinical signs, course, and response to the treatment of plantar warts.

Objective

Analyze the HPV types associated with plantar warts and their relationship with warts characteristics, patient characteristics and response to treatment.

Methods

A total of 372 patients sampled for hyperkeratosis of a plantar wart were included. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the HPV biotype.

Results

The prevalence of HPV was 81.2%, and HPV1 was the most prevalent biotype (36.1%). HPV1 was the most prevalent biotype in patients < 70 years old (90.9% in < 10 years), and biotypes 2, 19 and 27 were the most prevalent in patients > 70 years old (p = 0.012). HPV1 was the most frequent in patients with one (39,9%) or two (47.1%) warts and HPV5 (33.3%) in patients with three warts (p < 0.001). Cure, spontaneous resolution, and recurrence were higher in HPV1 (p < 0.001). HPV14 warts healed the fastest (2 months quartile 1–3 (2.0–2.0)), and HPV5 (10.977 (6.0–20.0)) and HPV27 (7.5 (3.0–10.0)) warts (p = 0.033) took the longest to heal.

Conclusions

HPV biotype is associated with age and the number of warts and appears to influence the natural history of warts and their response to treatment.
Beyond a vestigial organ: effects of the appendix on gut microbiome and colorectal cancer
Authors: Yap Daniel Ren Yi , Lui Rashid N , Samol Jens , Ngeow Joanne , Sung Joseph JY , Wong Sunny H
Published: February 2024

The role of appendectomy in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a recent topic of contention. Given that appendectomy remains one of the most commonly performed operations and a first‐line management strategy of acute appendicitis, it is inherently crucial to elucidate the association between prior appendectomy and subsequent development of CRC, as there may be long‐term health repercussions. In this review, we summarize the data behind the relationship of CRC in post‐appendectomy patients, discuss the role of the microbiome in relation to appendectomy and CRC pathogenesis, and provide an appraisal of our current understanding of the function of the appendix. We seek to piece together the current landscape surrounding the microbiome and immunological changes in the colon post‐appendectomy and suggest a direction for future research involving molecular, transcriptomic, and immunologic analysis to complement our current understanding of the alterations in gut microbiome.
Biodiversity impact of food waste: Quantification for supply chain stages and products in Germany
Authors: Bogenreuther Jakob , Kastner Thomas , Schneider Felicitas , Koellner Thomas
Published: February 2024

Reducing food waste could lower pressures on land resources and thereby contribute to the mitigation of global biodiversity loss. The reduction of food waste and biodiversity loss are also specified in the Sustainable Development Goals 12.3 and 15 of the United Nations. However, which supply chain stages and food products to target with policy measures is hardly known. Especially, a differentiation of the impact after sub‐stages and taxa is still missing and is therefore quantified in the present study. The food waste mass at five supply chain stages and seven sub‐stages in Germany was calculated and differentiated after 204 food products. All products were traced back to their countries of origin, in which their land use impact on mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and plants was quantified. A new approach was developed to calculate the detailed feed demand for animal products. Germany's avoidable food waste (food that was edible before its disposal) leads to 0.3 vertebrate and 1.5 plant species being potentially lost globally. Household‐level waste is responsible for 47% of this species loss, while food services show the largest impact per mass, with individual catering being as influential as one‐person households. The most influential products are obtained from pigs and cattle. Among vertebrate taxa, mainly amphibians are affected, occurring in the mainly affected country Brazil. The results can be used to formulate policies that target, for example, individual catering or display the impact of animal products and their feed demand.
Returnable packaging systems and store operations: Processes, costs, and benefits
Authors: Raible Ina Marie , Holweg Christina , Reiner Gerald , Teller Christoph
Published: February 2024

Returnable packaging systems (RPS) related to consumer products help to reduce problematic plastic and glass waste in supply chains. The purpose of this paper is to investigate distribution and return processes and the related cost drivers and benefits of returnable packaging with a deposit refund system in retail stores. Through the lens of the actor–network theory and based on 30 interviews with store managers, including on‐site observations, we develop a research model that structures key processes of RPS and their input and output factors. By subsequently applying system dynamics modeling, we find that: (1) customers’ process satisfaction, (2) price elasticity of demand, and (3) time between repeat purchases are key variables that impact RPS’ attractiveness and performance. This research contributes to an in‐depth understanding of processes within RPS as well as interdependencies between cost drivers and benefits for retailers. From a managerial perspective, these insights can enable retailers to take action based on the influencing factors for efficient operations related to RPS. Finally, this research has policy implications as it provides argumentation for the commercial benefits of RPS for retailers aside from the overemphasized cost perspectives.
Prevalence and variability of restrictive care practice use (physical restraint, seclusion and chemical restraint) in adult mental health inpatient settings: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Belayneh Zelalem , Chavulak Jacinta , Lee Den‐Ching A. , Petrakis Melissa , Haines Terry P.
Published: February 2024

Background

There is a growing consensus to reduce the use of restrictive care practices in mental health settings to minimise the physical and psychological complications for patients. However, data regarding restrictive care practice use and factors contributing to variations in the proportion estimates has not previously been synthesised.

Aims

This study aimed to synthesise evidence on (1) the pooled proportions of physical restraint, seclusion or chemical restraint in adult mental health inpatients and (2) sources of variability in these proportion estimates.

Methods

Studies were identified from Scopus, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase and CINAHL databases following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. We conducted a meta‐analysis of studies published in English language from 1 January 2010 to 15 August 2022. Binomial data were pooled using a random effect model, with 95% confidence intervals. Meta‐regression was also computed to identify factors that may contribute to variations in the proportion estimates.

Results

A total of 77 studies were included in this meta‐analysis. The pooled prevalence of physical restraint, seclusion and chemical restraint was 14.4%, 15.8% and 25.7%, respectively. Data were heterogeneous across studies (I2 > 99%). Reporting practices and geographical locations contributed to the variability in the reported estimates of restrictive care practices, with studies from Asian countries reporting higher proportions.

Conclusion

There appear differences between geographical locations in the proportion of restrictive practices in mental health inpatients; however, this is complicated by how these prevalence data have been measured and defined. Consistency in the reporting of restrictive care practices in mental health is required to make valid comparisons between geographical regions, policy settings and practice innovations.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Efforts are needed to develop training programmes and policy changes to ensure consistency in defining and reporting of restrictive care practices in mental health facilities.

Patient/Public Contribution

This is a systematic review that analysed data from previously published studies, and there was no patient/public contribution in this study.

Protocol Registration

The protocol for this review has been registered to PROSPERO: CRD42022335167.
A scoping review of the economic impact of family oral health: Implications for public health, research, and policy
Authors: Herndon Jill Boylston , Rubin Marcie S. , Reusch Colin , Edelstein Burton L.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To summarize evidence on the impact of oral health on individual and family economic outcomes, describe trends in the literature, and identify areas for additional research to inform public health research and practice.

Methods

Searches were conducted within PubMed, CINAHL, EconLit, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases. Article review, selection, abstraction, and reporting processes were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews.

Results

Of 2758 unduplicated records identified, 52 met inclusion criteria. Study outcomes included indicators of employment/employability (n = 9), earnings/earnings potential (n = 26), parent missed work and family financial impacts of child oral health (n = 19), and financial loss (n = 3). Dental caries‐related variables were the most common predictors of poorer economic outcomes. Other oral health problems, such as poorer dental functioning or poorer self‐reported oral health status, also were associated with adverse economic outcomes. Significant associations with employment were found among studies that assessed interventions designed to improve oral health. Only one study estimated the impact of oral health on earnings. One‐third of studies conducted multivariable analyses, and 14% incorporated race and ethnicity variables.

Conclusions

Although existing evidence suggests associations between oral health problems and poorer economic outcomes, there is a substantial need for more rigorous research to better understand the extent of economic impact of oral health problems and which populations are most affected. Additional high‐quality research is needed to inform which interventions are most likely to improve oral health, reduce adverse economic impacts, and promote health and economic equity.
How does CEO–TMT exchange quality incongruence affect business model innovation? The moderating role of environmental dynamism
Authors: Chen Yao , Chen Meng , Liu Hefu , Volberda Henk W. , Heij Cornelis V.
Published: February 2024

In today's dynamic business environment, business model innovation (BMI) has become a strategic lever that businesses can harness to unlock new revenue opportunities and fortify their long‐term competitive edge. BMI often hinges on the exchange relationships between chief executive officers (CEOs) and their top management team (TMT) members. However, in practice, CEOs and TMT members often have incongruent perceptions of these relationships, which may impede them from making joint efforts to achieve BMI. When such incongruence arises, relying solely on either the CEO's or the TMT members' perceptions of exchange quality might provide an incomplete understanding of the effect of CEO–TMT exchange quality on BMI. In this study, we investigate how CEO–TMT exchange quality incongruence influences BMI under various levels of environmental dynamism. Using archival industry data and matched survey data from 618 CEOs and 1854 TMT members in China, the polynomial regression and response surface analyses indicate that CEO–TMT exchange quality incongruence negatively affects BMI. This finding suggests that while high perceptions of exchange quality by both CEOs and TMTs independently contribute to BMI, an incongruent perception of exchange quality between CEOs and TMT members can undermine the success of BMI. Moreover, high levels of environmental dynamism aggravate the negative effect of CEO–TMT exchange quality incongruence on BMI. These findings enable us to offer new theoretical insights regarding the influence of the CEO–TMT exchange quality on BMI, thus complementing existing studies on antecedents of BMI and enriching literature on the outcomes of the CEO–TMT interface. Additionally, this study offers practical guidance for enhancing BMI through effective management of incongruent perceptions of CEO–TMT exchanges.
Impact of Problem‐Based Learning Coaching and Neuroeducation in the Development of 21st Century Lifelong Learners
Authors: Coumans Joëlle V. F. , Wark Stuart
Published: February 2024

Over the past century, health knowledge has advanced dramatically, so it is expected that future health professionals will need to learn effectively in the workplace and adapt to novel situations that cannot yet be predicted. Simultaneously, the demographics of university students have changed significantly in regard to age, gender, and socioeconomic background. Health educators must adapt their teaching methods to foster in each student the development of lifelong learning skills. This perspective article examines the concept of neuroeducation through the lens of Problem‐Based Learning (PBL), with an emphasis on PBL coaching. Furthermore, it demonstrates the benefit of implementing a PBL coaching approach, using knowledge from neuroscience findings to enhance students' learning and well‐being. Following targeted professional development aiming to consolidate the understanding of the brain's structures and functions that increase student learning capacity and build group coaches' skills, existing PBL academics could be an integral part of such a program.
Nasolabial morphological changes in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate using a Korat‐modified nasoalveolar moulding appliance with primary correction
Authors: Nirunrungrueng Pinai , Virarat Pongjai , Techalertpaisarn Paiboon , Ungvijanpunya Nicha
Published: February 2024

Objective

The objective of this study is to measure the morphological changes of the nose and lip in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate before and after cheiloplasty with primary rhinoplasty (primary correction) in conjunction with Korat‐NAM usage.

Design

Longitudinal cohort study.

Setting

Cleft Center Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.

Subjects

Twenty‐six patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Interventions

Control group: only active obturator before primary correction. Experimental group: an active obturator and Korat‐NAM I before primary correction. A customized endotracheal tube was retained in the nostril for 3 weeks before switching to Korat‐NAM II for 1 year.

Main Outcome Measures

Six measurements comprising nostril rim length, nostril height, nostril sill width, columella angle, vertical lip height, and horizontal lip length were measured from the patients' photographs. All measurements, except the columella angle, were reported as the cleft side/non‐cleft side value ratio. Measurements were taken at the initial appointment, immediately before, 3 weeks after, and 1 year after primary correction.

Results

Nostril rim length ratio, nostril height ratio, nostril sill width ratio, columella angle on the cleft side, and vertical lip height ratio were improved using Korat‐NAM before and 3 weeks after primary correction. Nostril rim length and height ratios were significantly better than the control group.

Conclusions

Korat‐NAM improved nose and lip morphology before primary correction. An overcorrection improved the nose and lip morphology on the cleft side. The nostril rim length and vertical lip height on the cleft side also improved with Korat‐NAM II 1 year after primary correction.
Asthma and rhinitis control in adolescents and young adults: A real‐world MASK‐air study
Authors: Sousa‐Pinto Bernardo , Valiulis Arunas , Melén Erik , Koppelman Gerard H. , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Makela Mika , Haahtela Tari , Bonini Matteo , Braido Fulvio , Brussino Luisa , Cruz Alvaro A. , Fiocchi Alessandro , Giovannini Mattia , Gemicioglu Bilun , Kulus Marek , Kuna Piotr , Kupczyk Maciej , Kvedariene Violeta , Larenas‐Linnemann Désirée E. , Louis Renaud , Morais‐Almeida Mario , Niedoszytko Marek , Ollert Markus , Pfaar Oliver , Regateiro Frederico S. , Roberts Graham , Samolinski Boleslaw , Savouré Marine , Taborda‐Barata Luis , Toppila‐Salmi Sanna , Ventura Maria Teresa , Vazquez‐Ortiz Marta , Vieira Rafael José , Fonseca Joao A. , Yorgancioglu Arzu , Zuberbier Torsten , Anto Josep M. , Bousquet Jean , Pham‐Thi Nhân ,   the MASK‐air think tank
Published: February 2024

Background

In allergic rhinitis and asthma, adolescents and young adult patients are likely to differ from older patients. We compared adolescents, young adults and adults on symptoms, control levels, and medication adherence.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional study (2015–2022), we assessed European users of the MASK‐air mHealth app of three age groups: adolescents (13–18 years), young adults (18–26 years), and adults (>26 years). We compared them on their reported rhinitis and asthma symptoms, use and adherence to rhinitis and asthma treatment and app adherence. Allergy symptoms and control were assessed by means of visual analogue scales (VASs) on rhinitis or asthma, the combined symptom‐medication score (CSMS), and the electronic daily control score for asthma (e‐DASTHMA). We built multivariable regression models to compare symptoms or medication accounting for potential differences in demographic characteristics and baseline severity.

Results

We assessed 965 adolescent users (15,252 days), 4595 young adults (58,161 days), and 15,154 adult users (258,796 days). Users of all three age groups displayed similar app adherence. In multivariable models, age groups were not found to significantly differ in their adherence to rhinitis or asthma medication. These models also found that adolescents reported lower VAS on global allergy, ocular, and asthma symptoms (as well as lower CSMS) than young adults and adults.

Conclusions

Adolescents reported a better rhinitis and asthma control than young adults and adults, even though similar medication adherence levels were observed across age groups. These results pave the way for future studies on understanding how adolescents control their allergic diseases.
Novel multispectral imaging to predict disease progression in pediatric morphea
Authors: O'Connor Cathal , McCarthy Siobhan , Kiely Lisa , McAuliffe Michael A. P. , Bennett Mary
Published: February 2024

Background

Morphea, or localized scleroderma, is an inflammatory, fibrosing skin disorder that can be progressive and debilitating. Infrared thermography frequently has false positive results. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of multispectral imaging to predict disease progression in children with morphea.

Methods

Children with morphea were recruited between 2016 and 2022. Multispectral images of affected and matched contralateral unaffected sites were obtained using the Antera™ 3D camera. Clinical assessment was performed using the Localized Scleroderma Assessment Tool (LoSCAT). Children were followed up every 3 months for imaging and clinical review. The main outcome measurement was correlation of hemoglobin gradient between affected and matched contralateral unaffected tissue and progression.

Results

Of 17 children, the average age was 12 years (range 6–18 years); most were female (76.5%) and white (94.1%). Nearly two‐thirds (64.7%) had linear morphea, 35.2% had plaque morphea; 58.8% had been treated with systemic agents. The average LoSCAT score was 20.6 (range 5–73). The average hemoglobin gradient between affected and matched contralateral unaffected skin was four times higher in those who had progression (average differential 0.3, range 0.1–0.4) compared to those who did not (average differential 0.08, range 0.02–0.15). Using a cut off of a 0.18 hemoglobin gradient between affected and unaffected skin, the sensitivity of multispectral imaging for detecting progression in pediatric morphea is 90% with specificity of 100%.

Conclusions

Multispectral imaging is a novel assessment tool with promising accuracy in predicting progression as an adjunct to clinical assessment in pediatric morphea. Further research should examine its performance against thermography.
Etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of peri‐implantitis: A European perspective
Authors: Berglundh Tord , Mombelli Andrea , Schwarz Frank , Derks Jan
Published: February 2024

Peri‐implantitis is a plaque‐associated pathological condition occurring in tissues around dental implants. It is characterized by inflammation in the peri‐implant mucosa and progressive loss of supporting bone. Over the last 30 years, peri‐implantitis has become a major disease burden in dentistry. An understanding of the diagnosis, etiology and pathogenesis, epidemiology, and treatment of peri‐implantitis must be a central component in undergraduate and postgraduate training programs in dentistry. In view of the strong role of European research in periodontology and implant dentistry, the focus of this review was to address peri‐implantitis from a European perspective. One component of the work was to summarize new and reliable data on patients with dental implants to underpin the relevance of peri‐implantitis from a population perspective. The nature of the peri‐implantitis lesion was evaluated through results presented in preclinical models and evaluations of human biopsy material together with an appraisal of the microbiological characteristics. An overview of strategies and outcomes presented in clinical studies on nonsurgical and surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis is discussed with a particular focus on end points of therapy and recommendations presented in the S3 level Clinical Practice Guideline for the prevention and treatment of peri‐implant diseases.
A legal analysis of the interinstitutional duty to cooperate in international water law
Authors: Liu Yang
Published: February 2024

Interinstitutional interactions occur frequently and have led to important organisational developments. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it attempts to clarify the legal basis of the interinstitutional duty to cooperate in international water law, by focusing on the river basin organisations (RBOs) of Europe and Southern Africa that coexist in the same transboundary basin. Second, it assesses the approaches used by RBOs in these two regions to operationalise the interinstitutional duty to cooperate. The article concludes that the interinstitutional duty to cooperate is far from complete and that subsequent practices of RBOs play a significant role in enriching and operationalising this duty.
Risk factors and associated pathway for rural and urban unmet dental prosthetic needs among older adults in Central India
Authors: Singh Abhinav , Purohit Bharathi M. , Purohit Abhishek
Published: February 2024

Aim

This study was undertaken to evaluate the risk factors and associated pathways for unmet dental prosthetic needs among older adult population in Central India.

Methods

A total of 11,145 randomly selected older adults participated in the study; 4613 from urban region and 6532 form rural region. Oral examinations were conducted at individual households for recording dental caries, periodontal disease, prosthetic status and needs. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to examine relationship between a set of exogenous variables and unmet dental prosthetic needs with variables that remained significant in the adjusted multilevel logistic model. Path coefficients were calculated for all variables with 95% confidence interval. Goodness of fit of the model was assessed by several indices.

Results

A total of 8433 (75.7%) participants had never visited a dentist and 9139 (82%) had unmet dental prosthetic needs. Dental caries was observed among 3207 (69.5%) and 4644 (71.1%) study participants from urban and rural regions respectively (p < .05). Low utilization of dental services was associated with high dental prosthetic needs in upper arch and lower arch (PC = −0.05, 0.001) and DMFT was associated with lower utilization of dental services (PC = −0.09, 0.001). DMFT was also associated with age, annual income, level of education, paternal education, type of family, tobacco consumption and CPI score in the hypothesized model. The fit indices used indicated that the model was adequate.

Conclusions

Dental prosthetic needs in the proposed pathway model was associated with low utilization of dental services, dental caries, periodontal disease and other socio‐demographic factors.
Modern techniques in addressing facial acne scars: A thorough analysis
Authors: Miao Linlin , Ma Yizhao , Liu Zhifang , Ruan Hongyu , Yuan Bo
Published: February 2024

Background

Facial acne scars are a prevalent concern, leading to the development of various treatment modalities.

Objectives

This review aims to explore the latest advancements in the treatment of facial acne scars, focusing on both surgical and non‐surgical methods.

Methods

The non‐surgical treatments reviewed include topical medications (such as retinoids and alpha hydroxy acids) and non‐invasive procedures (like microdermabrasion and chemical peels). Surgical options discussed are punch excision, subcision, and fractional laser treatments.

Results

Combination therapy, integrating both surgical and non‐surgical approaches, is frequently utilized to achieve optimal results in scar improvement.

Conclusion

Recent advancements in the treatment of facial acne scars provide promising options for individuals seeking improvement. However, these treatments have associated risks and potential adverse effects, highlighting the importance of consulting a dermatologist before beginning any treatment regimen.