bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An efficient goal‐oriented sampling strategy using reduced basis method for parametrized elastodynamic problems
Authors: Hoang K. C. , Kerfriden P. , Khoo B. C. , Bordas S. P. A.
Published: October 2014

In this article, we study the class of linear elastodynamic problems with affine parameter dependence using a goal‐oriented approach by finite element (FE) and reduced basis (RB) methods. The main contribution of this article is the “goal‐oriented” proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)–Greedy sampling strategy within the RB approximation context. The proposed sampling strategy looks for the parameter points such that the output error approximation will be minimized by Greedy iterations. In estimating such output error approximation, the standard POD–Greedy algorithm is invoked to provide enriched RB approximations for the FE outputs. We propose a so‐called “cross‐validation” process to choose adaptively the dimension of the enriched RB space corresponding with the dimension of the RB space under consideration. Numerical results show that the new goal‐oriented POD–Greedy sampling procedure with the cross‐validation process improves significantly the space‐time output computations in comparison with the ones computed by the standard POD–Greedy algorithm. The method is thus ideally suited for repeated, rapid, and reliable evaluations of input‐output relationships in the space‐time setting. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 575–608, 2015
The effect of ball milling time and rotational speed on ultra high molecular weight polyethylene reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Enqvist Evelina , Ramanenka Dmitrij , Marques Paula A.A.P. , Gracio José , Emami Nazanin
Published: October 2014

Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) composites reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were produced using planetary ball milling. The aim was to develop a more wear resistant composite with improved mechanical properties to be used in stress bearing joints. The effect of manufacturing parameters such as the effect of ball milling time and rotational speed on the final composite was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), particle size distribution, and contact angle measurements. Ball milling as a mixing technique for UHMWPE based composites is not a new approach but yet, the effect of time, rotational speed, loading of milling jar, and type of ball mill has not been reported properly for UHMWPE. Composites with 0.5 and 1.0 wt% UHMWPE/MWCNTs were manufactured with different rotational speed and mixing times. The results indicate that rotational speed rather than mixing time is important for dispersing MWCNTs using planetary ball milling. Tensile test showed a slight decrease for the MWCNT concentration of 1 wt% suggesting that this amount is the threshold for a satisfactory distribution of the fillers in the matrix. POLYM. COMPOS. 37:1128–1136, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of surface preparation on electroless Ni‐P plating on carbon fiber‐Reinforced Cyanate Ester Resin Laminate
Authors: Wu Haiwei , Huang Ying , Zong Meng , Shao Jie , Zhang Wei
Published: October 2014

The effect of surface preparation on electroless Ni‐P plating on carbon fiber reinforced cyanate ester resin laminate has been investigated. Three different surface chemical etching ways were performed, namely: (i) hexanediamine etching, (ii) hexanediamine followed by aniline etching, and (iii) aniline etching. The results indicated that Ni‐P coating on hexanediamine etching or hexanediamine followed by aniline etching pretreated carbon fiber reinforced cyanate ester resin laminates usually tended to be cracked, veined, and low adhesion, while aniline etched laminates showed a homogenous roughing surface which is suitable for subsequently uniform, cellular, and good adhesion Ni‐P plating. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1161–1166, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Ibrutinib, Obinutuzumab, Idelalisib, and Beyond: Review of Novel and Evolving Therapies for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Chung Clement , Lee Rosetta
Published: October 2014

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a neoplasm resulting from the progressive accumulation of functionally incompetent monoclonal B lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. It is the most common leukemia in Western countries and typically occurs in elderly patients. Initial treatment of CLL often includes a first‐generation anti‐CD20 antibody (rituximab) with chemotherapy and is the current standard of treatment for “younger” old adults (< 70 yrs of age) or older, clinically fit patients. However, because disease progression and drug resistance are inevitable, patients typically die from their disease or treatment‐related complications. Improved understanding of the B‐cell receptor signaling pathway, which is essential for normal B‐cell growth and tumorigenesis, has led to the development of targeted therapies, with improved short‐term clinical outcomes. Ibrutinib, obinutuzumab, and idelalisib, three novel agents recently approved by the U.S. Food and Administration for CLL, all have the potential to change the treatment paradigm. In this article, we describe the pathogenesis of CLL and some of its prognostic factors. Emphasis is on the pharmacology, dosing, clinical efficacy, safety, and place of therapy of ibrutinib, obinutuzumab, and idelalisib. Investigational agents that target different parts of the CLL pathogenic pathway are also described.
Supportive care needs, anxiety, depression and quality of life amongst newly diagnosed patients with localised invasive cutaneous melanoma in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Beesley Vanessa L. , Smithers B. Mark , Khosrotehrani Kiarash , Khatun Mohsina , O'Rourke Peter , Hughes Maria Celia B. , Malt Maryrose K. , Zonta Mark J. , Bayley Gerard J. , Barbour Andrew P. , Brown Lee J. , D'Arcy Justin , Allan Christopher P. , Green Adèle C.
Published: October 2014

Objective

The aim of this paper is to determine levels of supportive care needs, anxiety, depression and symptoms amongst patients newly diagnosed with localised invasive primary melanoma and if these varied amongst patients who had a sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). We also considered quality of life compared with general population norms.

Methods

Patients newly diagnosed with clinical stage IB‐II invasive melanoma were ascertained through Queensland hospitals, specialist clinics and pathology laboratories. Validated surveys measured 46 need items (Supportive Care Needs Survey–Short Form + melanoma subscale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) and quality of life and symptoms (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Melanoma). Regression models compared outcomes according to whether or not participants had a SLNB.

Results

We surveyed 386 patients, 155 before and 231 after wide local excision, of whom 46% reported ≥1 moderate‐level or high‐level unmet need. The three highest needs were for help with fears about cancer spreading (17%), information about risk of recurrence (17%) and outcomes when spread occurred (16%). Those who had a SLNB were more likely to report a moderate or high unmet need for help with uncertainty about the future or with lymphoedema (p < 0.05). Overall, 32% of participants had anxiety and 15% had depression regardless of performance of SLNB. Melanoma‐specific symptoms were worse in SLNB patients (p = 0.03). Compared with the general population, emotional well‐being was lower amongst melanoma patients.

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of newly diagnosed patients with localised invasive melanoma need further melanoma‐specific information and support with psychological concerns. Patients who have a SLNB clear of disease may need help with symptoms after surgery. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychotherapy for depression – a review and practical guide
Authors: Williams Kate , Anderson Ian
Published: October 2014

Psychological therapies can be effective in the treatment of depression and are valued by patients. Here, the authors provide an overview of the main psychological therapies available, their evidence base and their use in practice.
Vitaros: topical alprostadil for erectile dysfunction
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Cummings Michael
Published: October 2014

Vitaros, a topical cream formulation of alprostadil, is licensed for the treatment of erectile dysfunction in adults. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse events and Professor Michael Cummings discusses its place in therapy.
Optimal ways of colour mixing for high‐quality white‐light LED sources
Authors: Bulashevich Kirill A. , Kulik Alexey V. , Karpov Sergey Yu.
Published: October 2014

Optimization of colour mixing in white‐light sources based on light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) only and those utilizing partial light conversion by a yellow YAG:Ce3+ phosphor is carried out by simulations. The trade‐off between the colour rendering index (CRI) and efficacy of the white‐light sources is examined, accounting for the efficiency of electricity‐to‐light conversion in state‐of‐the‐art LEDs. The asymmetry and widths of the LED emission spectra, as well as the LED efficiencies, are regarded to depend substantially on the peak emission wavelength. The optimization has provided the optimal peak emission wavelengths of individual LEDs and the power fractions of their contribution to the total emission spectra, allowing estimations of the maximum achievable values of the CRI and efficacy for the white‐light sources considered. Their comparison enables choosing the most advantageous solutions for producing high‐quality white light.
Rashnu: a Wi‐Fi intrusion response scheme
Authors: Moosavirad S. Mobarakeh , Kabiri Peyman , Mahini Hamidreza
Published: October 2014

This paper aims at improving one of the most important vulnerabilities of IEEE 802.11x wireless networks that is sending the management packets on unencrypted channels. Adversaries exploit this weakness for executing attacks such as man‐in‐the‐middle and evil twin. The reported work proposes a novel wireless intrusion response scheme called Rashnu to deal with these attacks. Rashnu is a third party wireless intrusion response scheme and is capable of rescuing the victim(s), that is, access point's clients. The proposed response approach is simulated in Omnet++ environment to appraise its effectiveness. Simulation results show that Rashnu can respond to these attacks with more than 65% success rate. Changing the access point selection strategy in the agent layer of the victim's wireless network interface card, 35% attacker's success rate is reduced to 8%. Eventually, improving Rashnu by tuning the response rate factor can modify this value by only 2.7%. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cesarean Section Surgical Site Infections in Sub‐Saharan Africa: A Multi‐Country Study from Medecins Sans Frontieres
Authors: Chu Kathryn , Maine Rebecca , Trelles Miguel
Published: October 2014

Background

Surgical site infections (SSI) are a significant cause of post‐surgical morbidity and mortality and can be an indicator of surgical quality. The objectives of this study were to measure post‐operative SSI after cesarean section (CS) at four sites in three sub‐Saharan African countries and to describe the associated risk factors in order to improved quality of care in low and middle income surgical programs.

Methods

This study included data from four emergency obstetric programs supported by Medecins sans Frontieres, from Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and Sierra Leone. Women undergoing from August 1 2010 to January 31 2011 were included. CS post‐operative SSI data were prospectively collected. Logistic regression was used to model SSI risk factors.

Findings

In total, 1,276 women underwent CS. The incidence of SSI was 7.3 % (range 1.7–10.4 %). 93 % of SSI were superficial. The median length of stay of women without SSI was 7 days (range 3–63 days) compared to 21 days (range 5–51 days) in those with SSI (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, younger age, premature rupture of the membranes, and neonatal death were associated with an increased risk of SSI, while antenatal hemorrhage and the Lubutu, DRC project site were associated with a lower risk of developing an SSI.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that surgery can be performed with a low incidence of SSI, a proxy for surgical safety, in sub‐Saharan Africa. Protocols such as perioperative antibiotics and basic infrastructure such as clean water and sterilization can be achieved. Simple data collection tools will assist policymakers with monitoring and evaluation as well as quality control assurance of surgical programs in low and middle income countries.
The Molecular Reinscription of Race: A Comment on “Genetic Bio-Ancestry and Social Construction of Racial Classification in Social Surveys in the Contemporary United States”
Authors: Frank Reanne
Published: October 2014

In an article in the February 2014 issue of Demography, Guo et al. claimed that their research “establishes geographic genetic bio-ancestry as a component of racial classification” (p. 141). In doing so, they argued that their work has “a larger theoretical significance on identity studies” (p. 169) by providing racial classification categories with a concrete, “measurable,” and “logical” basis against which social construction should be analyzed. Instead, I argue that their main accomplishment is the “molecular reinscription of race” (Duster 2011:104). In this article, I review the existing critiques of this type of work.
An information theory account of preference prediction accuracy
Authors: Pollmann Monique M.H. , Scheibehenne Benjamin
Published: October 2014

Knowledge about other people's preferences is essential for successful social interactions, but what exactly are the driving factors that determine how well we can predict the likes and dislikes of people around us? To investigate the accuracy of couples' preference predictions we outline and empirically test three hypotheses: The positive valence hypothesis predicts that predictions for likes are more accurate than for dislikes. The negative valence hypothesis predicts the opposite, namely that dislikes are predicted more accurately than dislikes. The base rate hypothesis predicts that preference knowledge critically depends on the base rates of likes and dislikes within a given domain. In a series of studies we show that predicting likes over dislikes has relatively little effect compared with base rates. That is, accuracy is greater for relatively rare events regardless of whether they are liked or disliked. Our findings further suggest that when predicting preferences, people seem to rely on a combination of general, stereotypical knowledge of common preferences on the one hand and specific, idiosyncratic knowledge of rare preferences on the other.
Is the Intramedullary Skeletal Kinetic Distractor a Safe Measure for Bone Lengthening? A Systematic Review
Authors: Nageeb Mahmoud Ahmed , Mohamed Amgad , Abdelmohsen Muhammad T. , Yasser Nagy Ahmed , Mohamed Abuelhadid , Aref Ahmed I. , Abdulrahim Ahmed F. , Al Abdullah Mubarak A. , Khaled Emara
Published: October 2014

Background

The intramedullary skeletal kinetic distractor (ISKD) is one of the relatively recent methods developed to overcome the complications of conventional bone lengthening methods, such as external fixators. These complications include pain, muscle transfixation, pin-tract infection, reduced joint motion, and prolonged fixation time. However, ISKD-specific complications such as uncontrollable lengthening and hardware failure make the outcomes of ISKD lengthening questionable. In this article, we review published literature on the efficacy and complications of the ISKD device.

Methods

A database search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid Medline, Ovid Full Text, Springer link, EBSCO Medline, Science Direct, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar. We included English articles with extractable data about the study population and outcomes, reporting ISKD implantation in the femur or tibia of skeletally mature patients. The included studies were too heterogeneous for a metaanalysis to be performed.

Results

Fifteen of 89 potentially relevant citations were found to match the inclusion criteria. The most common causes of limb-length discrepancy indicating an ISKD implantation were traumatic and congenital. The average lengthening achieved, average patient discharge period, mean follow-up time, average consolidation time and index, average distraction time and index, and number of patients requiring additional operations as well as other outcome measures are discussed in this article. The most common complications were runaway nail, difficulty in achieving lengthening, and poor bone regenerate formation.

Conclusion

Even though the classic complications of external lengthening are virtually diminished, alterations to the current design of the ISKD are needed to avoid the distraction- related complications. Risk of unplanned surgery could be minimized through proper patient selection and proper surgical techniques.
A survey of voting practices in an acute psychiatric unit
Authors: Siddique A. , Lee A.
Published: October 2014

The aim of this survey was to investigate the voting practices of patients on an acute psychiatric unit in the General Election 2011. Our survey showed that only 10% of patients voted and many patients were unaware of their right to vote. We recommend that all patients should be routinely informed of their right to vote as part of their hospital admission. Voting should be facilitated by hospital staff and advocacy where practicable.
Power Resources and the Canadian Welfare State: Unions, Partisanship and Interprovincial Differences in Inequality and Poverty Reduction
Authors: Haddow Rodney
Published: October 2014

This article seeks to measure and explain interprovincial differences in inequality and poverty reduction since the 1980s for non-elderly Canadian families. These variations are compared with dissimilarities among the advanced capitalist welfare states, where they are large. Interprovincial discrepancies are shown to be ample by this international standard. The article also finds that power resources theory, which draws attention to the role of union strength and partisan incumbency in explaining welfare state variations, accounts for an important part of these interprovincial differences. These findings suggest that sub-national jurisdictions can be more consequential for welfare state outcomes than comparative research has acknowledged, and that power resources accounts deserve more attention in Canadian social policy scholarship.
FEARFUL SYMMETRY: THE UNHISTORICAL SELF OF WHITENESS STUDIES
Authors: DOLAN NEAL
Published: October 2014

In the years following Bacon's Rebellion of 1676, the rich planters of colonial Virginia hit upon a New World expedient that would be fateful for the entire history of race in America. Edmund Morgan tells the story memorably inAmerican Slavery, American Freedom. Having narrowly evaded death and devastation at the hands of the former indentured servants who comprised the region's lower classes, and still faced with a chronic shortage of labor, the planters began to import African slaves to work the tobacco crops on which their wealth depended. They weren't the first in the New World to try this approach. West Indian sugar planters had already successfully organized the labor on their large plantations along these “racial” lines, and there was sufficient precedent in Western culture at large for associating “blackness” with evil to defuse moral alarm at the practice.
A role for intracellular zinc in glioma alteration of neuronal chloride equilibrium
Authors: Di Angelantonio S , Murana E , Cocco S , Scala F , Bertollini C , Molinari M G , Lauro C , Bregestovski P , Limatola C , Ragozzino D
Published: October 2014

Glioma patients commonly suffer from epileptic seizures. However, the mechanisms of glioma-associated epilepsy are far to be completely understood. Using glioma-neurons co-cultures, we found that tumor cells are able to deeply influence neuronal chloride homeostasis, by depolarizing the reversal potential ofγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-evoked currents (EGABA). EGABAdepolarizing shift is due to zinc-dependent reduction of neuronal KCC2 activity and requires glutamate release from glioma cells. Consistently, intracellular zinc loading rapidly depolarizes EGABAin mouse hippocampal neurons, through the Src/Trk pathway and this effect is promptly reverted upon zinc chelation. This study provides a possible molecular mechanism linking glioma invasion to excitation/inhibition imbalance and epileptic seizures, through the zinc–mediated disruption of neuronal chloride homeostasis.
Triggering necroptosis in cisplatin and IAP antagonist-resistant ovarian carcinoma
Authors: McCabe K E , Bacos K , Lu D , Delaney J R , Axelrod J , Potter M D , Vamos M , Wong V , Cosford N D P , Xiang R , Stupack D G
Published: October 2014

Ovarian cancer patients are typically treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel, but suffer a high rate of relapse with recalcitrant disease. This challenge has fostered the development of novel approaches to treatment, including antagonists of the ‘inhibitor of apoptosis proteins’ (IAPs), also called SMAC mimetics, as apoptosis-inducing agents whose action is opposed by caspase inhibitors. Surprisingly, IAP antagonist plus caspase inhibitor (IZ) treatment selectively induced a tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)-dependent death among several apoptosis-resistant cell lines and patient xenografts. The induction of necroptosis was common in ovarian cancer, with expression of catalytically active receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3) necessary for death, and in fact sufficient to compromise survival of RIPK3-negative, necroptosis-resistant ovarian cancer cells. The formation of a necrosome-like complex with a second critical effector, receptor-interacting serine–threonine kinase-1 (RIPK1), was observed. RIPK1, RIPK3 and TNFα were required for the induction of death, as agents that inhibit the function of any of these targets prevented cell death. Abundant RIPK3 transcript is common in serous ovarian cancers, suggesting that further evaluation and targeting of this RIPK3-dependent pathway may be of clinical benefit.
TLX activates MMP-2, promotes self-renewal of tumor spheres in neuroblastoma and correlates with poor patient survival
Authors: Chavali P L , Saini R K R , Zhai Q , Vizlin-Hodzic D , Venkatabalasubramanian S , Hayashi A , Johansson E , Zeng Z-j , Mohlin S , Påhlman S , Hansford L , Kaplan D R , Funa K
Published: October 2014

Nuclear orphan receptor TLX (Drosophilatailless homolog) is essential for the maintenance of neural stem/progenitor cell self-renewal, but its role in neuroblastoma (NB) is not well understood. Here, we show that TLX is essential for the formation of tumor spheres in three different NB cell lines, when grown in neural stem cell media. We demonstrate that the knock down of TLX in IMR-32 cells diminishes its tumor sphere-forming capacity. In tumor spheres, TLX is coexpressed with the neural progenitor markers Nestin, CD133 and Oct-4. In addition, TLX is coexpressed with the migratory neural progenitor markers CD15 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in xenografts of primary NB cells from patients. Subsequently, we show the effect of TLX on the proliferative, invasive and migratory properties of IMR-32 cells. We attribute this to the recruitment of TLX to both MMP-2 and Oct-4 gene promoters, which resulted in the respective gene activation. In support of our findings, we found that TLX expression was high in NB patient tissues when compared with normal peripheral nervous system tissues. Further, the Kaplan–Meier estimator indicated a negative correlation between TLX expression and survival in 88 NB patients. Therefore, our results point at TLX being a crucial player in progression of NB, by promoting self-renewal of NB tumor-initiating cells and altering their migratory and invasive properties.
Caspase-9 mediates Puma activation in UCN-01-induced apoptosis
Authors: Nie C , Luo Y , Zhao X , Luo N , Tong A , Liu X , Yuan Z , Wang C , Wei Y
Published: October 2014

The protein kinase inhibitor 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) is one of the most potent and frequently used proapoptotic stimuli. The BH3-only molecule of Bcl-2 family proteins has been reported to contribute to UCN-01-induced apoptosis. Here we have found that UCN-01 triggers Puma-induced mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Our data confirmed that Akt-FoxO3a pathway mediated Puma activation. Importantly, we elucidate the detailed mechanisms of Puma-induced apoptosis. Our data have also demonstrated that caspase-9 is a decisive molecule of Puma induction after UCN-01 treatment. Caspase-9 mediates apoptosis through two kinds of feedback loops. On the one hand, caspase-9 enhances Puma activation by cleaving Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL independent of caspase-3. On the other hand, caspase-9 directly activated caspase-3 in the presence of caspase-3. Caspase-3 could cleave XIAP in an another positive feedback loop to further sensitize cancer cells to UCN-01-induced apoptosis. Therefore, caspase-9 mediates Puma activation to determine the threshold for overcoming chemoresistance in cancer cells.
Passive appendages generate drift through symmetry breaking
Authors: Lācis U. , Brosse N. , Ingremeau F. , Mazzino A. , Lundell F. , Kellay H. , Bagheri S.
Published: October 2014

Plants and animals use plumes, barbs, tails, feathers, hairs and fins to aid locomotion. Many of these appendages are not actively controlled, instead they have to interact passively with the surrounding fluid to generate motion. Here, we use theory, experiments and numerical simulations to show that an object with a protrusion in a separated flow drifts sideways by exploiting a symmetry-breaking instability similar to the instability of an inverted pendulum. Our model explains why the straight position of an appendage in a fluid flow is unstable and how it stabilizes either to the left or right of the incoming flow direction. It is plausible that organisms with appendages in a separated flow use this newly discovered mechanism for locomotion; examples include the drift of plumed seeds without wind and the passive reorientation of motile animals.
Quantitative multiplexing with nano-self-assemblies in SERS
Authors: Kasera Setu , Herrmann Lars O. , Barrio Jesús del , Baumberg Jeremy J. , Scherman Oren A.
Published: October 2014

Multiplexed or simultaneous detection of multiple analytes is a valuable tool in many analytical applications. However, complications caused by the presence of interfering compounds in a sample form a major drawback in existing molecular sensor technologies, particularly in multi-analyte systems. Although separating analytes through extraction or chromatography can partially address the problem of interferents, there remains a need for developing direct observational tools capable of multiplexing that can be applied in situ. Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is an optical molecular finger-printing technique that has the ability to resolve analytes from within mixtures. SERS has attracted much attention for its potential in multiplexed sensing but it has been limited in its quantitative abilities. Here, we report a facile supramolecular SERS-based method for quantitative multiplex analysis of small organic molecules in aqueous environments such as human urine.
Catalytic oxygenation of sp3 “C–H” bonds with Ir(iii) complexes of chelating triazoles and mesoionic carbenes
Authors: Hohloch Stephan , Kaiser Selina , Duecker Fenja Leena , Bolje Aljoša , Maity Ramananda , Košmrlj Janez , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: October 2014

Ir(iii) complexes with chelating triazole and mesoionic carbene ligands are potent pre-catalysts for the direct oxygenation of C–H bonds.
Bioaccessibility of lead in airborne particulates from car battery repair work
Authors: Dartey Emmanuel , Berlinger Balazs , Thomassen Yngvar , Ellingsen Dag G. , Odland Jon Ø. , Nartey Vincent K. , Yeboah Francis A. , Weinbruch Stephan
Published: October 2014

The bioaccessibility of Pb in air particulate matter from two car battery repair workshops in Kumasi (Ghana) was measured (64 full shift personal aerosol samples).
Surface-dominated transport and enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit in topological insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3
Authors: Hsiung Te-Chih , Mou Chung-Yu , Lee Ting-Kuo , Chen Yang-Yuan
Published: October 2014

Thermoelectric transport measurements of topological insulator Bi1.5Sb0.5Te1.7Se1.3 nanowires reveal an enhancement of the thermoelectric figure of merit as compared with the bulk specimen.
A combined toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles and vitamin C in food additives
Authors: Wang Yanli , Yuan Lulu , Yao Chenjie , Ding Lin , Li Chenchen , Fang Jie , Sui Keke , Liu Yuanfang , Wu Minghong
Published: October 2014

We investigated the combined toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles and vitamin C (ascorbic acid). The results showed that Vc increased the cytotoxicity significantly compared with that of the ZnO only NPs.
Quinoline-derived two-photon sensitive quadrupolar probes
Authors: Dunkel Petra , Tran Christine , Gallavardin Thibault , Dhimane Hamid , Ogden David , Dalko Peter I.
Published: October 2014

Quadrupolar 8-dimethylaminoquinoline-derived photosensitive probes underwent photolysis under UV (365 nm) and NIR (730 nm two-photon (TP)) irradiation conditions.
Solid phase synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazin-5 (6R)-one and 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one scaffolds from acyl hydrazides
Authors: Sarma Bani Kanta , Liu Xiaodan , Wu Hao , Gao Yu , Kodadek Thomas
Published: October 2014

Solid phase synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazin-5(6R)-one and 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-one scaffolds from resin-bound acyl hydrazides is described.
A thermodynamic insight into the recognition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids in pure water by aza-scorpiand type receptors
Authors: Blasco Salvador , Verdejo Begoña , Bazzicalupi Carla , Bianchi Antonio , Giorgi Claudia , Soriano Concepción , García-España Enrique
Published: October 2014

Thermodynamic studies about the interaction of scorpiand aza-macrocycles with amino acids in water show entropy driven stabilisations often associated with solvation/desolvation processes.
Synthesis and X-ray structure of a new zinc(ii) coordination polymer: interaction with DNA and double stranded RNA and elucidation of the molecular aspects of the binding to bovine serum albumin
Authors: Jana Swapan K. , Seth Saikat K. , Puschmann Horst , Hossain Maidul , Dalai Sudipta
Published: October 2014

Synthesis and characterization of [Zn(4-Me-5-CHOIm)2(HCOO)](ClO4) complex and binding with nucleic acids and BSA has been explored by different biophysical techniques with the combination of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).
Atomic structures and electronic properties of Ta-doped 2H-NbSe2
Authors: Li Hongping , Liu Shuai , Chen Lin , Wu Jun , Zhang Peng , Tang Hua , Li Changsheng , Liu Xiaojuan , Wang Zhongchang , Meng Jian
Published: October 2014

First-principles calculations are conducted to investigate the impact of Ta doping on the atomistic structures and electronic properties of the technologically relevant 2H-NbSe2.
Investigation of morphology, mechanical, dynamic mechanical and thermal behaviour of blends based on ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)
Authors: Dutta Joyeeta , Naskar Kinsuk
Published: October 2014

Novel blends based on EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) and TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) have been developed and characterized which may find potential applications in the cable and footwear industries.
Formation of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) from oxidation of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in oxygenated water
Authors: Liu Airong , Liu Jing , Pan Bingcai , Zhang Wei-xian
Published: October 2014

The aging of nZVI in oxygenated water yields stable sheet-shaped and well-formed lepidocrocite crystals.
A diketopyrrolopyrrole and benzothiadiazole based small molecule electron acceptor: design, synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic properties
Authors: Raynor Aaron M. , Gupta Akhil , Patil Hemlata , Bilic Ante , Bhosale Sheshanath V.
Published: October 2014

A novel solution-processable electron acceptor based on diketopyrrolopyrrole and benzothiadiazole (N6), exhibited excellent solubility and thermal stability, and afforded 1.16% power conversion efficiency with high open-circuit voltage (1.08 V).
An impedimetric assay of α-synuclein autoantibodies in early stage Parkinson's disease
Authors: Xu Qiao , Evetts Samuel , Hu Michele , Talbot Kevin , Wade-Martins Richard , Davis Jason J.
Published: October 2014

A careful quantification of autoantibodies raised against the primary protein component of Lewy bodies enables a statistically significant differentiation between early stage Parkinson's patients and controls.
A triple bond side-chained 2D-conjugated benzodithiophene based photovoltaic polymer
Authors: Wen Shuguang , Yun Xiao , Chen Weichao , Liu Qian , Zhu Dangqiang , Gu Chuantao , Sun Mingliang , Yang Renqiang
Published: October 2014

High molecular weight triple bond side-chained benzodithiophene polymer solar cells show a high open circuit voltage of nearly 1 V.
Fabrication of porous TiO2–SiO2 multifunctional anti-reflection coatings by sol–gel spin coating method
Authors: Mao Qiangqiang , Zeng Dawen , Xu Keng , Xie Changsheng
Published: October 2014

Fabrication of a self-cleaning anti-reflection coating that can degrade gaseous pollutants and applied contaminants to maintain long-term transmittance property.
Visible light C–H amidation of heteroarenes with benzoyl azides
Authors: Brachet E. , Ghosh T. , Ghosh I. , König B.
Published: October 2014

Benzoyl azides were used for the direct and atom economic C–H amidation of electron rich heteroarenes in the presence of phosphoric acid, a photocatalyst and visible light.
Synergistic photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of sulfides and amines on TiO2 under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Lang Xianjun , Leow Wan Ru , Zhao Jincai , Chen Xiaodong
Published: October 2014

Visible-light-induced selective oxygenation of sulfides and oxidative formylation of amines in methanol with dioxygen were synergistically achieved on titanium dioxide.
Molecular modeling of membrane responses to the adsorption of rotating nanoparticles: promoted cell uptake and mechanical membrane rupture
Authors: Yue Tongtao , Zhang Xianren , Huang Fang
Published: October 2014

We performed Dissipative Particle Dynamics simulations to systematically investigate the interaction mechanism between lipid membranes and rotating NPs.
Tuning the band gap of ferritin nanoparticles by co-depositing iron with halides or oxo-anions
Authors: Smith Trevor J. , Erickson Stephen D. , Orozco Catalina Matias , Fluckiger Andrew , Moses Lance M. , Colton John S. , Watt Richard K.
Published: October 2014

The substitution of alternate anions into the iron core of ferritin alters the mineral and changes the band gap of the resulting materials.
Poly(3,4-dinitrothiophene)/SWCNT composite as a low overpotential hydrogen evolution metal-free catalyst
Authors: Xie Ke , Wu Haiping , Meng Yuena , Lu Kun , Wei Zhixiang , Zhang Zhong
Published: October 2014

A novel metal-free hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst made of poly(3,4-dinitrothiophene)/SWCNT was developed.
Synthesis of hydrophilic surface ion-imprinted polymer based on graphene oxide for removal of strontium from aqueous solution
Authors: Liu Yan , Meng Xiangguo , Luo Min , Meng Minjia , Ni Liang , Qiu Jian , Hu Zhaoyong , Liu Fangfang , Zhong Guoxing , Liu Zhanchao , Yan Yongsheng
Published: October 2014

Scheme depicting the ion-imprinting process on GO surface by RAFT polymerization.
Beyond the Traditional “Research Article”: The Value of the Clinical Focus Article
Authors: Wilkinson Krista
Published: October 2014

Purpose

The Editor writes the first of a planned series of reflections on the various article types that are published in the
American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
.
Methodology for RF receiver sensitivity analysis using electromagnetic field map
Authors: Kim J.J. , Yang K.M. , Kim J.M. , Kim Y.J. , Lee S.Y.
Published: October 2014

Accurate modelling of a chip is a very important factor when analysing and predicting radio‐frequency (RF) receiver sensitivity. Chip modelling based on the tangential electromagnetic (EM) field from the near‐field measurement just above the top surface of the chip is introduced, and a methodology utilising three‐dimensional (3D) EM simulation, for predicting receiver sensitivity generated by the chip‐noise of a mobile phone, is suggested. It is worth noting here that the calculation of absolute coupling values between a noise source and an antenna is possible by using the real measured data source to obtain reliable results.
Arrival modelling for molecular communication via diffusion
Authors: Yilmaz H. Birkan , Chae Chan‐Byoung
Published: October 2014

The arrival of molecules in molecular communication via diffusion obeys, by its nature, the binomial distribution, considering the hitting probability as the success probability. It is, however, hard to work with the binomial cumulative distribution function (CDF) when considering consecutively sent symbols as it is necessary to add the distribution. Therefore, in the literature, two approximations of the binomial distribution are used. In the present reported work, the Gaussian and Poisson approximations of the binomial model of the molecule arrival process have been analysed. Considering the distance and the number of emitted molecules, the regions in which the Poisson or Gaussian model is better in terms of root mean squared error of CDFs are investigated and the regions using numerical simulations are confirmed.
Adaptive learning region importance for region‐based image retrieval
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Lv Feiya , Cai Lijun , Li Dengfeng
Published: October 2014

This study addresses the issue of region representation in region‐based image retrieval (RBIR). In order to reduce the user's burden of selecting the region of interest, a statistical index called visual region importance (RI) is constructed to describe the region. By learning from user's current and historical feedback information, visual RI can be automatically updated and semantic RI can be obtained. Furthermore, adaptive learning RI and memory learning RI (MLRI) techniques for RBIR system have been presented. Specifically, the MLRI can mitigate the negative influence of interference regions well. Extensive experiments on the Corel‐1000 dataset and the Caltech‐256 dataset demonstrate that the proposed frameworks are effective, are robust and achieve significantly better performance than the other existing methods.
Analysis of different tunneling mechanisms of InxGa1−xAs/AlGaAs tunnel junction light-emitting transistors
Authors: Wu Cheng-Han , Wu Chao-Hsin
Published: October 2014

The electrical and optical characteristics of tunnel junction light-emitting transistors (TJLETs) with different indium mole fractions (x = 5% and 2.5%) of the InxGa1−xAs base-collector tunnel junctions have been investigated. Two electron tunneling mechanisms (photon-assisted or direct tunneling) provide additional currents to electrical output and resupply holes back to the base region, resulting in the upward slope of I-V curves and enhanced optical output under forward-active operation. The larger direct tunneling probability and stronger Franz-Keldysh absorption for 5% TJLET lead to higher collector current slope and less optical intensity enhancement when base-collector junction is under reverse-biased.
Direct determination of the local Hamaker constant of inorganic surfaces based on scanning force microscopy
Authors: Krajina Brad A. , Kocherlakota Lakshmi S. , Overney René M.
Published: October 2014

The energetics involved in the bonding fluctuations between nanometer-sized silicon dioxide (SiO2) probes and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) could be quantified directly and locally on the submicron scale via a time-temperature superposition analysis of the lateral forces between scanning force microscopy silicon dioxide probes and inorganic sample surfaces. The so-called “intrinsic friction analysis” (IFA) provided direct access to the Hamaker constants for HOPG and MoS2, as well as the control sample, calcium fluoride (CaF2). The use of scanning probe enables nanoscopic analysis of bonding fluctuations, thereby overcoming challenges associated with larger scale inhomogeneity and surface roughness common to conventional techniques used to determine surface free energies and dielectric properties. A complementary numerical analysis based on optical and electron energy loss spectroscopy and the Lifshitz quantum electrodynamic theory of van der Waals interactions is provided and confirms quantitatively the IFA results.
Qualitative breakdown of the unrestricted Hartree-Fock energy
Authors: Mori-Sánchez Paula , Cohen Aron J.
Published: October 2014

The stretching of closed-shell molecules is a qualitative problem for restricted Hartree-Fock that is usually circumvented by the use of unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF). UHF is well known to break the spin symmetry at the Coulson-Fischer point, leading to a discontinuous derivative in the potential energy surface and incorrect spin density. However, this is generally not considered as a major drawback. In this work, we present a set of two electron molecules which magnify the problem of symmetry breaking and lead to drastically incorrect potential energy surfaces with UHF. These molecules also fail with unrestricted density-functional calculations where a functional such as B3LYP gives both symmetry breaking and an unphysically low energy due to the delocalization error. The implications for density functional theory are also discussed.
A microfluidic flow-cell for the study of the ultrafast dynamics of biological systems
Authors: Chauvet Adrien , Tibiletti Tania , Caffarri Stefano , Chergui Majed
Published: October 2014

The study of biochemical dynamics by ultrafast spectroscopic methods is often restricted by the limited amount of liquid sample available, while the high repetition rate of light sources can induce photodamage. In order to overcome these limitations, we designed a high flux, sub-ml, capillary flow-cell. While the 0.1 mm thin window of the 0.5 mm cross-section capillary ensures an optimal temporal resolution and a steady beam deviation, the cell-pump generates flows up to ∼0.35 ml/s that are suitable to pump laser repetition rates up to ∼14 kHz, assuming a focal spot-diameter of 100 μm. In addition, a decantation chamber efficiently removes bubbles and allows, via septum, for the addition of chemicals while preserving the closed atmosphere. The minimal useable amount of sample is ∼250 μl.
Uniaxial strain-induced magnetic order transition from E-type to A-type in orthorhombic YMnO3 from first-principles
Authors: Lin S. X. , Fang X. G. , Zhang A. H. , Lu X. B. , Gao J. W. , Gao X. S. , Zeng M. , Liu J.-M.
Published: October 2014

The spin ordering magnetic structures of orthorhombic YMnO3 subjected to uniaxial strain have been investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. On applying compressive uniaxial strain of −0.8% along the b orientation, the spin ordering magnetic structure is predicted to change from E-type to A-type antiferromagnetic orderings. The structure analysis also reveals that the uniaxial strain has a dramatic influence on the Mn-O bond lengths and Mn-O-Mn bond angles, allowing the gradual suppression of the alternation of the long and short Mn-O-Mn bonds in the ab plane. These changes present very interesting possibilities for engineering the spin ordering along with ferroelectric property in orthorhombic YMnO3.
Temperature of hydrogen radio frequency plasma under dechlorination process of polychlorinated biphenyls
Authors: Inada Y. , Abe K. , Kumada A. , Hidaka K. , Amano K. , Itoh K. , Oono T.
Published: October 2014

It has been reported that RF (radio frequency) hydrogen plasmas promote the dechlorination process of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) under irradiation of MW (microwave). A relative emission intensity spectroscope system was used for single-shot imaging of two-dimensional temperature distributions of RF hydrogen plasmas generated in chemical solutions with several mixing ratios of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and insulation oil under MW irradiation. Our experimental results showed that the plasma generation frequencies for the oil-contaminating solutions were higher than that for the pure IPA solution. In addition, the plasma temperature in the compound liquids including both oil and IPA was higher than that in the pure IPA and oil solutions. A combination of the plasma temperature measurements and plasma composition analysis indicated that the hydrogen radicals generated in a chemical solution containing the equal volumes of IPA and oil were almost the same amounts of H and H+, while those produced in the other solutions were mainly H.
‘Living a life less ordinary’: exploring the experiences of Australian men who have acquired HIV overseas
Authors: Brown Graham , Ellard Jeanne , Mooney-Somers Julie , Prestage Garrett , Crawford Gemma , Langdon Trish
Published: October 2014

Background
Increasing international mobility has led to a growth of cross-border HIV transmission around the world. In Australia, increasing rates of HIV infections acquired overseas have been reported, particularly among men. This qualitative study explored experiences and risk perceptions of 14 Australian men who acquired HIV while living or travelling overseas from the year 2000. Methods: Symbolic interaction provided the study’s theoretical perspective and analytical framework. Australian men living with HIV who were aged 18 years and older, believed they had acquired their infection while working or travelling overseas during or after the year 2000, and were diagnosed from 2003 onwards were eligible to participate. A semistructured interview schedule was developed and tested for content validity with the study reference group. Analysis was conducted using an adapted form of grounded theory to form the basis for the development of the experiences domains. Results: Analysis produced four domains of experience: (1) a fantasy realised, (2) escaping and finding a new self or life, (3) living a life less ordinary and (4) living local but still an outsider. The description of the four experience domains highlights how risk generally, particularly sexual risk, did or did not feature in these men’s understanding of their experiences. Conclusion: Perceptions and experiences of long-term travel played a decisive role for men who acquired HIV when travelling overseas. Appealing to desired experiences such as connection to local culture or sustaining a new or adventurous life may provide important implications for guiding health promotion programs and policy.
Making new ideophones in Siwu
Authors: Dingemanse Mark
Published: October 2014

Ideophones are found in many of the world’s languages. Though they are a major word class on a par with nouns and verbs, their origins are ill-understood, and the question of ideophone creation has been a source of controversy. This paper studies ideophone creation in naturally occurring speech. New, unconventionalised ideophones are identified using native speaker judgements, and are studied in context to understand the rules and regularities underlying their production and interpretation. People produce and interpret new ideophones with the help of the semiotic infrastructure that underlies the use of existing ideophones: foregrounding frames certain stretches of speech as depictive enactments of sensory imagery, and various types of iconicity link forms and meanings. As with any creative use of linguistic resources, context and common ground also play an important role in supporting rapid ‘good enough’ interpretations of new material. The making of new ideophones is a special case of a more general phenomenon of creative depiction: the art of presenting verbal material in such a way that the interlocutor recognises and interprets it as a depiction.