bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Governance Attributes in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices Evidence From Jordan
Authors: Al Amosh Hamzeh Adel
Published: May 2022

The importance of information disclosure is increasing for stakeholders, mainly the non-financial disclosure, and the primary objective of the current study is to investigate the impact of a set of governance attributes on the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure in the Jordanian context. The study sample consisted of 51 industrial companies listed during 2012 to 2017; a set of statistical analyzes were used, such as descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Empirical evidence shows that the board size and audit committee play a crucial role in the social responsibility disclosure, while other factors (board activity, board compensation, non-executive directors, and audit company type) have no effect on disclosure. The findings are expected to have potential effects on the capital market in Jordan in terms of focusing on the strengths that support the social responsibility disclosure and the development of guidelines that contribute to promoting a disclosure culture between the listed companies, which support government plans in achieving sustainability.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Hotels in Austria, Pakistan, and Indonesia
Authors: Tunio Muhammad Nawaz , Yusrini Lenny , Shoukat Ghazala
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to contribute to the recent realm of research on COVID-19 to understand how the pandemic affected the business of SME hotels in Austria, Pakistan, and Indonesia, and what strategies and corporate social responsibility (CSR) were implemented by these while working in this crisis time. With reference to the existing situation, talking about the CSR leads to the broad concept of sustainability. It is a wide field focus on academia as well as industry alike. It was observed that scholars and managers are involved in the debate about the responsibilities of trade towards society. Across such debates, CSR of the business in dealing with social problems has been pondered. CSR is associated with the business organizations in order to find their economic, social, political, and educational involvement towards the improvement and development of the staff of the organization, community, and society.
Impact of Digital Transformations on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices in Turkey
Authors: Kıymalıoğlu Aslıhan
Published: May 2022

Each year, corporations have been donating millions of dollars for non-profit organizations in order to fulfil their duty towards society, and companies are engaging in many approaches in order to strengthen their relationship with consumers. One of these is corporate social responsibility (CSR). The purpose of this chapter is to consolidate an understanding of real-world business practices with an academic research perspective and to inform the reader on the developments in CSR practices in the digital environment. With this purpose, a descriptive research is adopted that will include a content analysis of the companies that will be selected from the list of Fortune 500 in Turkey, and the data from the web pages of the top 100 companies will be analysed. The results indicate that large Turkish companies are lagging behind global companies with regards to digitalisation of CSR practices and institutionalisation of their CSR practices when compared to the corporations in developed countries.
Evaluation of Sociotechnical Systems in Managing Corporate Social Responsibility and Stakeholders' Engagement
Authors: Niskanen Toivo
Published: May 2022

The aim of this chapter is to explore at the Finnish Kemira Corporation how a corporation manages corporate social responsibility (CSR) and stakeholders' engagement. Greimas' actantial model and Senge's five disciplines were applied to evaluate CSR reports with a sociotechnical systems approach in relation to the stakeholders: (1) employees, (2) suppliers, (3) financiers and shareholders, and (4) communities and authorities. It was found that issues of CSR management and stakeholder engagement should be involved in strategic corporate decision making. The business strategy of the corporation emphasizes adherence to CSR guidelines and business standards that reflect the concerns of the stakeholders. CSR strategic procedures indicate the implementation of the corporation's measures to promote and pursue CSR goals that extend beyond their legal responsibilities.
How Different Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility Impact Earnings Management
Authors: Callao Susana , Jarne José Ignacio , Wroblewski David
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, companies increasingly focus on corporate concerns as they are in need of the detecting and controlling management activities in order to improve good business practices, objectivity, and integrity. This research addresses the question of the role of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility in earnings management. Previous studies confirmed that both mechanisms play an important role in limiting earnings management. In this context, the objective of the study is to test whether the effectiveness of both in constraining earnings management is the same or vary within the Eastern and Western Europe. By analyzing a sample of 1,339 firms from three developing Eastern European countries and three Western European countries over the period of 2010–2018, the findings confirm the positive impact of corporate social responsibility on the quality of the earnings. Additionally, the analysis shows that corporate governance is more effective in controlling earnings management in Western European countries.
Understanding Relationships Between Corporate Social Responsibility, Organizational Identification, and Ethical Organizational Behavior
Authors: Hendrickson Kenny , Baumann Aletha , Thompson Robert H.
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents elements of a student-faculty collaborative research that quantitatively examined the predictive relationships of retail employees' perceptions of corporate social responsibility (PCSR) and organizational identification (POI) on their perceptions of ethical organizational behavior (PEOB). One hundred and eighteen retail employees from 20 companies in the United States Virgin Islands (USVI) participated in an online survey. While no predictive relationship was found, the findings of this study identified significant relationships between retail employees PCSR, POI, and perceived ethical organizational behavior PEOB. The strongest association was discovered between PCSR and POI. Thus, this chapter spotlights a need for retail organizations to focus on the potential of employees' PSCR and POI in creating more authentic and responsible organizational environment.
Civility in Social Spaces
Authors: McGinley Maryl
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on creating a course at the undergraduate level that gives students the opportunity to explore the origin of social media platforms, understand intention in their creation, compare engagement across platforms and brands, and explore the dark side of social spaces, all within a framework of communication ethics. While the course is directed at students, the chapter speaks to the need to cultivate civility both within and outside of the classroom. The philosophical framework of civility is grounded in the work of Janie Harden Fritz and Ronald C. Arnett. The hope of this chapter is to offer a praxis approach that gives students and professionals the tools to become thoughtful contributors to spaces that are unpredictable as well as potentially (and often) problematic. The chapter encourages social media users to contemplate how to situate difference, how to connect through stories, and how to have more nuanced conversations when conflict emerges.
Predicting Online Aggression
Authors: Vitaglione Guy
Published: May 2022

This study develops and validates measures of traits and attitudes for predicting online aggression. Over 362 participants ranging from 18 to 71 years in age completed online surveys on their attitudes, feelings, and experiences regarding online interactions and activities, in addition to reporting on several pre-established personality tests and demographic information. Participants also reported their own engagement in a variety of antisocial and prosocial online behaviors. Respondents' positive attitudes and tendencies toward online bullying (the Net Bully scale) and feelings of power and control when online (the Net Power scale) predicted their aggressive online behaviors (the Hostile Net Behaviors scale). Conversely, feelings that online interactions and activities are personally important (the Net Importance scale) predicted prosocial online behaviors (the Net Friendly scale). The merit of these scales to serve future research on online aggression and bullying is discussed.
Structure-Based Analysis of Different Categories of Cyberbullying in Dynamic Social Network
Authors: Sarna Geetika , Bhatia M. P. S.
Published: May 2022

Cyberbullying is the online fight between individuals or groups, and it can be viewed like harassment, rumor, denigration, exclusion, etc. Social networks are the main source of cyberbullying as various types of users interact with each other through text, audio, video, and images. One set of users uses the social media for the benefit of the whole society and the other set of users uses the social media for destructive purpose in the form of spreading rumors, harassment or to threaten others, etc., which is also called anomalous behavior. This article worked to detect the anomalous patterns using an exponential function and then proceeds to find the category of cyberbullying to which user belongs using subtractive clustering and fuzzy c-means clustering. The identification of category helps to find the extent to which these messages are harmful and based on which the culprit is apprehended or entrapped. State-of-the-art studies are focused on the detection of cyberbullying but this article captured different categories of cyberbullying.
A Cyberbullying Portfolio for School Social Educators
Authors: Marzano Gilberto , Lizut Joanna
Published: May 2022

In this chapter, a curriculum for school social educators will be presented and discussed. It aims to provide them with basic competences to combat cyberbullying and conduct internet safety programs in schools. In the previous chapters, multifarious aspects related to cyberbullying have been highlighted. Literature is rich in analysis and experiments that, nowadays, are being conducted everywhere, not only in Western countries. Cyberbullying is a global phenomenon, although there are differences depending on cultural attitudes (e.g., gender aspects and other factors related to the perception and evaluation of online harassment). Cyberbullying is closely connected to technology. Among human beings, harassing, harming, and defaming others is not a recent habit, but technology has exploded the scale of the harassment, harming, and defamation with hugely disruptive consequences. To combat the effect of the malicious use of technology, professional experts are necessary that should also be educators, since they should work inside the school. Cyber safety competences should be included in the curriculum of social educators in the same way as are competences to sustain children with behavioral disturbance, support mentally ill persons, assist elderly persons, rehabilitate drug and alcohol addicts, integrate migrants, and so on. From the experience of running a training course for social workers in Poland on cyber threats, and from comparison with other teaching-learning practices on cyberbullying prevention, a portfolio of competence has been defined.
Social and Legislative Issues in Handling Cyberbullying in India
Authors: C. Karthikeyan
Published: May 2022

This chapter will address the social and legislative issues of workplace cyberbullying in India. The sociological issues arising out of workplace cyberbullying in India and across the world, its nature, evolution, impact, and intensity are analyzed with the statistical evidence from various research studies. The importance of averting and preventing cyberbullying is addressed with the developments happening in the introduction of legal provisions and legislative measures, enactments of controlling various countries of the world including India are analyzed. The chapter covers the veracity in the psychological impact with statistical inputs from the evolution, kinds, and purpose of using the anti-bullying laws in India, and its socio-legislative issues beyond the law, and clarifies the difficulties in measuring, with examples and the practical strategies to handle cyberbullying. The chapter also brings in through references and some of the popular posters that are popular across the world, which shall be put up in important places to educate every Indian citizen.
The Challenges of Digital Citizenship
Authors: Copeland Jud
Published: May 2022

While the world wide web created opportunities for marginalized groups to have a real voice, it also created a venue for scammers, and for malicious, deliberate intent, such as hacking, criminal behavior, sexting, and cyberbullying. It becomes a question of how should we act when we are online, and what should be taught to the next generation of users? Parents often feel overwhelmed with the challenges and risks that digital culture presents to children. They want their children to take advantage of all technology has to offer; however, they also want them to stay safe and act responsibly. Parents can make sure their children are both safe and responsible by educating them about how to appropriately use technology. There is a need to openly discuss responsible use of technology. Digital citizenship is a concept providing guidelines for appropriate digital behavior. It can be an effective tool in addressing cyberbullying, sexting, security, and safety in the online environment.
Online Social Networks Misuse, Cyber Crimes, and Counter Mechanisms
Authors: Rao Sanjeev , Verma Anil Kumar , Bhatia Tarunpreet
Published: May 2022

Online social networks (OSNs) are nowadays an indispensable tool for communication on account of their rise, simplicity, and efficacy. Worldwide users use OSN as a tool for social interactions, news propagation, gaming, political propaganda, and advertisement in building brand awareness, etc. At the same time, many OSN users unintentionally expose their personal information that is used by the malicious users and third-party apps to perform various kind for cyber-crimes like social engineering attacks, cyber espionage, extortion-malware, drug-trafficking, misinformation, cyberbullying, hijacking clicks, identity theft, phishing, mistrusts, fake profiles, and spreading malicious content. This chapter presents an overview of various cyber-crimes associated with OSN environment to gain insight into ongoing cyber-attacks. Also, counter mechanisms in the form of tools, techniques, and frameworks are suggested.
Distance Learning and Social Issues
Authors: Caridade Sónia Maria Martins , Dinis Maria Alzira Pimenta
Published: May 2022

Distance learning (DL) assumes a relevant place in the scope of social sciences' approaches adopted in terms of violence prevention, through the creation and development of digital platforms addressing different types of violence. As a consequence of the wide use of information and communication technologies (ICT) by young people, the risks represented for experiencing violence, and the advantages in terms of the rapid dissemination of information, there has been an increasing use of digital tools to prevent different victimization phenomena. Although there are constraints associated with DL, it has lower costs of learning training per person, allowing a wide dissemination of information. This chapter intends to analyse and discuss how DL may address violence prevention in terms of social sciences issues specific interventions. In the expectation that others may emerge, existing practices in this area covering the most diverse types of violence affecting young people are presented and described.
Adolescents, Third-Person Perception, and Facebook
Authors: Chapin John
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to document the extent of Facebook use and cyberbullying among adolescents. It is based on a study theoretically grounded in third-person perception (TPP), the belief that media messages affect other people more than oneself. As Facebook establishes itself as the dominant social network, users expose themselves to a level of bullying not possible in the analog world. The study found that 84% of adolescents (middle school through college undergraduates) use Facebook, and that most users log on daily. While 30% of the sample reported being cyberbullied, only 12.5% quit using the site and only 18% told a parent or school official. Despite heavy use and exposure, adolescents exhibit TPP, believing others are more likely to be negatively affected by Facebook use. A range of self-protective behaviors from precautionary (deleting or blocking abusive users) to reactionary (quitting Facebook) were related to decreased degrees of TPP. Implications for prevention education are discussed.
Workplace Cyberbullying
Authors: Yarbrough Jillian
Published: May 2022

Technology has changed the modern work environment. In contemporary workplaces, employees can communicate from anywhere in the world 24 hours a day, seven days a week through email, corporate social media, text messages, blogs, etc. In general, this increased communication access supports productivity, but in some circumstances, the increased employee to employee access presents troubling outcomes. One such troubling outcome is the rise of cyberbullying and harassment in the workplace. In fact, research indicates that the number of individuals experiencing cyberbullying in the workplace is on the rise. With increased virtual incivilities, organizations must create strategies to protect the employees and organizational efficiencies. With these goals in mind, the following chapter will examine the importance of creating a clear organizational definition of cyberbullying, the organizational consequences of allowing cyberbullying to continue and solutions organizations can implement to create a positive work environment that is free from cyberbullying.
Negative Psychological Outcomes Associated With Emerging Adults' Cyber Aggression Involvement
Authors: Wright Michelle F.
Published: May 2022

The first objective of the present study was to describe the nature of cyber aggression and victimization among emerging adults by focusing on what digital technologies are used and the relationship between the perpetrator and the victim. The second objective of the present study was to investigate the longitudinal, reciprocal relationships between cyber victimization, cyber aggression, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm, depression, loneliness, anxiety, and grade point average among emerging adults over four years, using cross-lagged modeling. The findings of the study were consistent with cross-sectional studies, with the present study revealing longitudinal and reciprocal relationships between cyber aggression, cyber victimizations, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm, depression, anxiety, and GPA over four years. Additional research attention should be given to understanding more about these associations.
iCitizen
Authors: Dorn-Medeiros Cort M.
Published: May 2022

School counselors are tasked with promoting the responsible use of technology in collaboration with families and educators to increase student safety. However, there are significant challenges dealing with technology use in the schools. Youth from underserved backgrounds, including LGBTQ+ youth, youth of color, and youth living in poverty, may find support and connection through technology. This chapter includes an overview on technology use among youth, cultural considerations in technology and digital media use, and collaborative interventions to promote tech safety and digital citizenship. Final case examples outline culturally responsive, student-centered interventions to promote tech safety and digital citizenships within schools.
The Internet Never Forgets
Authors: Rood Melody Lee , Schriner John
Published: May 2022

Image-based sexual abuse (IBSA), commonly known as revenge pornography, is a type of cyberharassment that often results in detrimental effects to an individual's career and livelihood. Although there exists valuable research concerning cyberharassment in the workplace generally, there is little written about specifically IBSA and the workplace. This chapter examines current academic research on IBSA, the issues with defining this type of abuse, victim blaming, workplace policy, and challenges to victim-survivors' redress. The authors explore monetary motivation for websites that host revenge pornography and unpack how the dark web presents new challenges to seeking justice. Additionally, this chapter presents recommendations from the literature focusing on shifting cultural attitudes, effective legislation, and increased education and training.
Moral Disengagement and Cyber Bullying, A Mediator Role of Emphatic Tendency
Authors: Bakioğlu Fuad , Çapan Bahtiyar Eraslan
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate a mediator role of emphatic tendency in the relationship between moral disengagement and cyber bullying. The participants comprised 338 Turkish adolescents. The age of participants ranged between 11 and 18 years. The study data was gathered using the Moral Disengagement Scale, the Cyber Bullying Scale and the Emphatic Tendency Scale. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling. A bootstrapping analysis was conducted in order to determine any indirect effects. The results show that moral disengagement predicted cyber bullying positively and emphatic tendency negatively, and that emphatic tendency predicted cyber bullying negatively. It was further found that the structural equation model, which proposes that moral disengagement, has a direct and an indirect effect through emphatic tendency on cyber bullying was confirmed. The results of the study are discussed in the light of Social Cognitive Theory, and suggestions for future studies are made.
Corporate Governance and Financial Risk Disclosure
Authors: Lemos Kátia , Serra Sara , Pacheco Filipa , Martins Maria Sofia
Published: May 2022

The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of certain characteristics associated with the corporate governance model on the level of disclosure of financial risks in non-financial entities listed in Euronext Lisbon. For this purpose, a content analysis of the reports and accounts of those companies was conducted for the periods 2017 to 2019 through a disclosure index based on the disclosure requirements contained in international financial reporting standards. Subsequently, in order to assess the influence of the corporate governance model on the level of risk disclosure, several simple linear regression models were estimated, which correlate the disclosure index with certain characteristics associated with the board of directors and the auditor. The results obtained show that larger boards of directors with greater gender diversity and auditors belonging to the Big 4 positively influence the level of disclosure of financial risks.
Green Roof Farming and the Urban Environment
Authors: Goswami Aakansha , Malik Nisha
Published: May 2022

Our material lives and comfort have increased as a result of industrialization and urbanization, but changes in land use and land cover pattern in metropolitan areas have diminished vegetative covers. Many problems arise due to decline in vegetation such as urban heat islands, global warming, air pollution, and so on. Several efforts are in vogue to address these issues, but adoption of green roofs is one of the most eco-friendly concepts in India. This natural solution plays a key role in urban transformation towards a sustainable environment by improving the urban environment and lowering the urban heat island effect. In this chapter, prefabricated layers with the growth medium were explained to build the green roof. Both soil (sandy or clayey) and soilless (cocopeat or compost) media were utilized to raise the vegetative layers. The depth of the substrate determines whether the green roof system is intensive or extensive, and based on this, the crop for growing on the green roof is chosen.
Use of Ecofriendly Fertilizers and Crop Residues for Enhancing Crop Productivity and Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Singh Divya , Kumar Jay , Singh Garvita , Kumar Ashok
Published: May 2022

Due to the exploding world population, there is a tremendous increase in demand for agricultural output, which has resulted in the pressure for large-scale crop production. Therefore, chemical fertilizers are used extensively to increase the agricultural output, which has caused hazardous effects on human health, soil quality, and the environment. To combat these problems, beneficial microbes have been exploited and used as biofertilizers. It has been well documented that certain microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, and cyanobacteria have plant growth promoting properties and can be safely used as alternative sources of fertilizer. These microbes when used in combination with crop residues and compost show better results in terms of crop yield and soil fertility. The chapter highlights the potential use of various types of biofertilizers in sustainable agriculture with special emphasis on their beneficial role in nutrient uptake, plant growth promotion, and protection against several plant pathogens in an eco-friendly manner.
Management of Insects/Nematodes for Improving the Crop Productivity
Authors: Rani Anju , Kumar Permod , Kumar Amit , Shukla Gyanika , Singh Raj
Published: May 2022

More than five million tons of chemical pesticides are applied annually throughout the world. Out of this, about 65% are used for agriculture, and the remainder by public health agencies and government agencies. The primary source of pesticides in ecosystems is agriculture and forestry. Pesticide poisoning is a major public health problem. These chemical pesticides affect nonpathogenic organisms, and due to that, environmental problems arise. To avoid the use of these hazardous chemicals, integrated pest management strategies are beneficial in which cultural, physical and mechanical, biological and chemical control measures are included. IPM strongly focuses on supporting natural mortality factors like pests and natural enemies. IPM requires a great deal of sampling, monitoring, and decision making to be effective.
A Perspective on RNAi-Based Technology for Crop Productivity and Protection
Authors: Shukla Pradeep Kumar , Sanju Suman , Misra Pragati , Ramteke Pramod W. , Singh Bir P. , Thakur Aditi , Singh Ashu
Published: May 2022

The RNAi-mediated technology has emerged as a powerful platform for developing eco-friendly and stable molecular tools for crop improvement. Both siRNA and miRNA are found in all the kingdoms of eukaryotic life and have been employed for crop improvement by enhancing plant nutritional value, development of seedless fruits, and enhancement of shelf life in various plants. It has also been exploited for elimination of anti-nutritional factors and allergens in the crop plants and in floricultural plants to improve and modify the flower color. RNAi-based host plant-mediated gene silencing technique can be used to combat plant pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, nematodes, fungal, and oomycetes plant pathogens of various agronomically important crop plants. RNA silencing technologies have been used in vegetable plants to enhance pest and disease resistance, alter architectural changes in plant and flowering time, improve commercial traits of fruits and flowers, improve nutritional content, eliminate toxic compounds and allergens, and promote a greater industrial product.
Massive Open Online Courses
Authors: Gupta Shikha , Gupta Samarth
Published: May 2022

Multimedia technology and the internet have revolutionized the delivery and the reach of education through massive open online courses (MOOCs). Starting in 2011 when professors from Stanford University took a lead in starting such courses, teaching/learning through MOOCs has become a revolution of sorts with the professors and the higher education institutions (HEIs) realizing the benefits of several thousand students registering for an online course. Today, more than 11000 MOOCs are available from various countries spanning diverse cultures and languages, disrupting the teaching/learning models in the HEIs. This chapter outlines the history of MOOCs. It also suggests research questions towards the use of MOOCs in promoting international/intercultural communication. A critical assessment of the impact of online learning and MOOCs in the COVID-19 era is also presented.
A “Glocal” Community of Practice to Support International ELT (English Language Teaching) Students in the UK
Authors: Orsini-Jones Marina , Cerveró-Carrascosa Abraham , Finardi Kyria Rebeca
Published: May 2022

This chapter reports on the project ‘Blending MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) into English Language Teaching (ELT) Education with Telecollaboration (BMELTET)'. BMELTET aims to foster reflection on ELT with a COIL (Collaborative Online International Learning) MOOC blend. It promotes the engagement of international students based in the UK and studying on a Master's degree in ELT, with students and staff based in universities in Brazil, China, and Spain and with the participants on the MOOC from all over the world. BMELTET aims to debunk the myth of the ‘native speaker' as the ideal teacher of English language, thus decolonising ELT through dialogic online intercultural exchanges in a safe ‘third space'. Data were collected via two online surveys, the analysis of the ‘live' Zoom exchanges, and focus groups with self-selected groups of students. This chapter reports on the impact that BMELTET had on the international students involved in it.
The Present and Future of Gastronomy Against Global Threats
Authors: Sabbag Cigdem
Published: May 2022

In today's world, tourism is one of the world's leading economic sectors in revenue generation with the number of jobs and clients in addition to its cultural services. To get a share from this economic cake, many countries highlight their gastronomic values to enhance their attractiveness, competition, and sustainability of the destination. Countries promote their global, regional, and local cuisines by employing a variety of methods. In the last 20 years, adding a gastronomic component to historical touristic trips has accelerated the development of gastronomy by attracting not only tourists but also residents of the region. Despite these encouraging developments, climate change, desertification, biodiversity loss, increasing population pressure, and pandemic processes, all of which are global issues threatening food security, pose threats to gastronomy culture. In this context, immediate steps should be taken to ensure the survival of the newly emerging gastronomy community.
The Ongoing Great Transformation
Authors: Măndiță Mădălina
Published: May 2022

The world is confronted nowadays with the construction of a new social reality with the advent of a pandemic, which has not only a medical dimension but a deep impact on all aspects of life. To understand what we are living now, we must go back to the past to see the beginning of a process that now has special bearings on our times. The Great Transformation published in 1944 helps us to understand the crux of neoliberalism with its socio-economic values that captured man and society in its expansion. The contribution of critical theory is used to explain the phenomenon of co-optation of opposition, of an impossibility for a great refusal. After decades of neoliberal reality, the world is now confronting a medical crisis that restructures the economy, in a context of a political crisis marked by post-democracy and profound social changes, with a special impact on freedom. A brave new world is now created, and there is an acute need to frame these disorders in a time of assumed medical apocalypse in interconnected humanity, for which the concept of exact chaos is introduced.
Comparison of China and Russia's System Changes in the Progress of Economic Transition
Authors: Weichang Chen , Volchik Vyacheslav
Published: May 2022

In the process of transition to a market economy, Russia has made radical institutional changes, overemphasizing speed and freedom, leading to an economic recession, monopoly prevailing, and institutional changes out of the control of the government; China is carrying out gradual changes in experiments. Beginning with rural land reform with the least cost of trial and error, it was carried out in stages and steps to achieve stable economic growth. Market demand drives institutional changes. The government has always grasped the direction and path of institutional changes. But, Russia's market-oriented reforms made property rights clear and have shown a certain growth advantage as a late-comer; China's gradual changes also ace the dilemma of how to resolve deep-seated contradictions and transcend deep-water areas. A single model of institutional change cannot achieve the fundamental goal of economic transformation. China and Russia need to study each other's reforms and transformation processes and learn from each other's successful experiences to promote their development.
Human Trafficking Discourse in Zimbabwe
Authors: Munamati Simbarashe
Published: May 2022

Despite being confronted with a myriad of challenges that are economic, social, and environmental, the Zimbabwean nation is overwhelmed by human trafficking cases. Previous studies have established that human trafficking proliferation is orchestrated by religious, social, and economic motives aimed at in most if not all cases self-enrichment. The chapter presents that the Zimbabwean form of human trafficking can take different forms whereby victims may be lured to participate in prostitution, robberies, and suicidal killings whilst in some cases, they can be killed for body organs usage in rituals. The study established that Zimbabwe has experienced many painful years of economic decay. Hence, it has become a breeding ground for both old and new forms of human trafficking. The chapter recommends that awareness campaigns, maximisation of law enforcement agents in combating human trafficking prevalence, and crafting human trafficking-combating policies are some of the various ways the Zimbabwean society can nip human trafficking in the bud.
Tragedy and Trajectories of Human Trafficking
Authors: Shogunle Oluwaseyi
Published: May 2022

Human trafficking refers to the wide variety of processes by which individuals become physically enslaved. An individual is said to be physically enslaved when she or he is unable to leave a situation without fear of violence and is forced to work while paid little or nothing for any duration of time Therefore, a biblical perspective to deal with this horror is urgently required to theologically interrogate the problem of human trafficking in sub-Saharan Africa in general and Nigeria in particular with the purpose to proffer sustainable solution that is biblically acceptable. The paper employed exegetical method of a diachronic type as well as historical-critical methodology to interrogate the text within its context. The paper concluded that the challenge of human trafficking and kidnapping is endemic in Nigeria and has negated the theology of sanctity and sacredness of life, as well as the salvific work of Jesus Christ for believers.
Socio-Cultural Factors and Human Trafficking in Nigeria
Authors: Olanrewaju Adeolu Felix
Published: May 2022

Human trafficking has become a serious global phenomenon and is drawing increasing attention from every quarter. The irony, however, is that as much as efforts are made towards curbing the inhumane act, the geometric rise in human trafficking is alarming and disturbing. The study argues that culture plays very significant roles in the proliferation of trafficking in persons. Moreover, as true as it may appear that trafficking is frowned at in contemporary times, the dynamic nature of culture and underlying worldviews continue to advance the cause and practice of human trafficking. Using selected cultures in Nigeria to back up its claims, the research contends that intrinsic to most Nigerian cultures are un-weeded roots that enhance the practice of trafficking in persons. These are deep cultural practices, which have sunk deeper to the worldview level, and as such, they are quite difficult to eradicate. The way forward proposed by the study is cultural revamping, which can be achieved formally and informally. In the same vein, it is a passionate appeal for intercultural intelligence.
Commodification of Human Beings and Power Imbalance in Human Trafficking
Authors: Essien Essien D.
Published: May 2022

The complex relationship between human trafficking and the commodification of human beings in contemporary times has opened a gap in knowledge too difficult to grasp. This is because human trafficking is implicated in nearly every human economic endeavor in the world today. It lends credence to why contemporary research on human trafficking has demonstrated that societies are today increasingly characterized by the economics of demand and supply with “profit” victimization and exploitation being key determinants. Far from being a curious datum of human existence, human trafficking has emerged as key disquiet for many societies at the turn of the new century, legitimizing a brand-new element in capitalism that has supplemented slavery as workers are free to sell their labour and remain psychologically manipulated. This study, therefore, is an attempt to respond to the thesis that human trafficking occurs within the context of widespread objectification and commodification of persons as “products” in economies in which they have little power for self-determination and self-sufficiency.
Restorative Practice
Authors: DePalmer Stephanie , Livick Arwa
Published: May 2022

When discussing tools in antiracist school counseling, one cannot bypass the power and utility of restorative practice. Restorative practice and school counseling fit like a hand and glove with theoretical and practical alignment. This chapter draws heavily on the literature to inform its contents, providing a representation of restorative practices in education with an emphasis on school counseling. Restorative practice is a tool for schools to utilize as an alternative approach to punitive and exclusionary discipline. In this chapter, the authors provide an historical context of retributive discipline, tracing it to present-day practices and manifestations, including the disproportionate harm it brings to students of color and other students from historically underrepresented groups. Restorative practice offers a culturally affirming option for all stakeholders in a school community. This chapter explores the definition, implementation, and skills needed to move restorative practice from theory to practice.
Culturally Affirming School Counseling for LGBTGEQIAP+ Youth
Authors: Pinto Stacy A. , Blueford Jillian M.
Published: May 2022

This chapter brings awareness to culturally affirming school counseling practices in support of youth who carry lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans*, two-spirit, gender expansive, queer, questioning, intersex, agender, asexual, aromantic, pan*, poly*, and other related identities (LGBTGEQIAP+) toward creating safe, inclusive, and affirming educational environments that foster connectedness and allow all students to develop and achieve consistent with their peers and abilities. The authors build and fortify the reader's awareness before outlining resources and practices in support of culturally affirming school counseling for LGBTGEQIAP+ youth by providing an overview of issues faced by this community and relevant standards and competencies for best practice in serving the population.
Entrepreneurship as a Tool to Tackle Graduate Youth Unemployment in Developing Economies
Authors: Dash Arobindu , Gielnik Michael M.
Published: May 2022

Unemployment reduction is one of the grand challenges to achieve the sustainable development goals. More specifically, graduate youth unemployment is a rising concern for low and middle-income countries. Accordingly, government and policymakers seek to promote entrepreneurship to address the issue of unemployment through entrepreneurship education and training. Building on this notion, this chapter discusses STEP (student training for entrepreneurial promotion) as an action-oriented entrepreneurship training program. This chapter shows the theoretical and methodological underpinnings of STEP, how the impact of STEP unfolds over time, and the processes that happen during STEP. This chapter also covers cases where STEP has been extended to different academic settings, bringing systemic change in academic curriculums and for different target groups. Finally, this chapter discusses some common challenges when implementing STEP at partner institutions. The chapter concludes that STEP is an effective tool to tackle graduate youth unemployment in developing economies.
Role of University Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy in Shaping Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors: Gupta Raj Karan
Published: May 2022

This chapter is an attempt to explore the role of the university ecosystem and entrepreneurial self-efficacy in shaping entrepreneurial intention of students of higher education institutions in India. The study is empirical in nature and is based on a survey conducted among the students of a private university in India. The causal research design approach was used to explore the causal relationship among dependent and independent variable. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, and correlation and regression analysis were performed to explore the nature of relationship among the independent and dependent variables. The major finding of this study is that both the independent variables (university entrepreneurial ecosystem and entrepreneurial self-efficacy) have been found to significantly affect the dependent variable (entrepreneurial intention). Further, entrepreneurial self-efficacy has been to be a more influencing factor than the university entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Graduate Un/Employment in Turkey
Authors: Kalaycı İrfan
Published: May 2022

The subject and aim of this study are to examine the problem of globalizing graduate employment/unemployment and the holistic entrepreneurship strategy against this problem in the axis of Turkey. Two types of methods were followed here: First, as a method of thought, the “deductive” path was followed, since the focus was on specific graduate unemployment instead of the general unemployment problem and the solution based solely on graduate entrepreneurship instead of general employment entrepreneurship. Secondly, as a research method, with the help of official statistical data and literature, the problem and solution (i.e., diagnosis and treatment) were described and parsed-synthesized. One of the expected results from this study is to introduce the Turkish dimension of the graduate labor market and entrepreneurship problem to the world; the other is to emphasize global cooperation to tackle the problem of graduate unemployment.
Implementation of the Arduino Platform as a Didactic Tool for the Teaching and Learning of Volleyball
Authors: Silva Monsalve Alexandra María , Herrera Velandia Juan Carlos
Published: May 2022

The objective of this project is the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) through the use of the Arduino platform in the training processes of basic volleyball skills, as well as the application of training for visual stimulation in secondary school students. The initiative arose when weaknesses in the students in terms of the practice of volleyball became evident. Methodologically, a quantitative research with descriptive scope was approached using pre-test and post-test tests. The results showed the progress of the participants in their skills and technical gestures. Similarly, it was shown that the Arduino platform is an effective tool for the development of skills in students, allowing them to encourage their autonomy in learning and in turn became a tool for teachers to innovate teaching methodologies in Physical Education.
Educational Inclusion in Physical Education Lessons
Authors: Izquierdo Javier Ruiz
Published: May 2022

Physical Education is known for enhancing social relationships among students and for developing social-emotional skills. This project aims to evaluate and analyze the impact of an educational intervention based on motor games carried out in the Physical Education area on the social structure of the 4th grade classroom of the La Paz Public School in Albacete (Spain). For this, a sociometric test was carried out before and after intervention in the formal and informal social structures of 14 students. The results revealed substantial changes in the social structures of the students.
New Approaches in Carrying On and Monitoring Museum Performance
Authors: D'Auria Anna
Published: May 2022

Museums appear as the main actors in the process of conservation, protection, enhancement, and promotion of the artistic and cultural heritage; therefore, in this study aimed at investigating the techniques for measuring the performance of cultural enterprises, museums are used as a research context and as a field of investigation. The effectiveness and efficiency of museum performance is closely linked, today, to the transversality and multidisciplinarity of the offer and the functions performed. Furthermore, the implementation of innovative initiatives and tools favor the configuration of new experiences for the visitor, with the consequent increase in the audience. Innovation, digitization, and improvement of the visitors' experience are the new drivers of museum management, an aspect that emerges in the practical evidence as more and more museums use websites and social networks in order to establish an ongoing relationship with their customers and contribute to the dissemination of culture and artistic knowledge and local identity.
The Onassis Stegi and Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York
Authors: Stefanidou Antonia
Published: May 2022

The chapter examines the special conditions that arose at the beginning of the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as far as cultural organisations and audiences are concerned. Research findings on cultural organisations' digital transformation are presented as well as the case studies of Onassis Stegi and MET and the messages they transmitted at the beginning of the pandemic. A comparative analysis of their communication strategy in digital environment is attempted, drawing interesting conclusions as far as their effectiveness is concerned. The chapter ends with the findings of the audience research that was carried out to present whether digital transformation in the field of culture during that period was implemented, in order for organisations to survive and stay in touch with their audience. The research also focuses on the extent to which the public turned to digital culture in an unprecedented period.
Phygital Experience in Museums in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Tranta Alexandra , Kyprianos Konstantinos
Published: May 2022

As a way of disseminating museum content to visitors, the educational dimension is, by definition, an important part of the museum and, of course, part of its management. The museum's educational dimension has always been a part of its operation, even if it has changed over time and in response to changing knowledge and learning demands. The framework of contemporary educational programs and activity design, as well as how it has been shaped in the COVID and post-COVID eras, will be discussed in this chapter.