bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Biology Learning Outcomes through Guided Inquiry with Video Media
Authors: Megahati S Ruth Rize Paas
Published: October 2022

Lack of student participation during discussions causes students to become inactive when learning, and difficulty in answering teacher questions because the information the teacher conveys is not understood by students. This results in student scores still below the KKM in Global warming is one of them. The minimum completeness criteria set at SMPN 2 Lembah Gumanti is 65. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the application of the guided inquiry model with video media on the biology learning outcomes of seventh-grade students of SMPN 2 Lembah Gumanti, Solok Regency. The type of research is an experiment with a research design Randomized Control Group Posttest Only Design. The use of t-test is used in the affective domain as a data analysis technique and the t-test was used in the cognitive and psychomotor domains for data analysis techniques. 1 the experimental class has an average score of 62.38 with a predicate of C (Enough) while the control class has an average value of 53.22 with a predicate of D (Less).  Hypothesis test 0.05 obtained t-count 2.90 > t-table 1.67, meaning that H1 is accepted. The guided inquiry learning model accompanied by video media can improve the biology learning outcomes of class VII students of SMPN 2 Lembah Gumanti, Solok Regency.
Luigi Pareyson, leitor de Kierkegaard e a tradição existencialista italiana: uma análise a partir dos Studi sull´esistenzialismo
Authors: Paula Márcio Gimenes de
Published: October 2022

Resumo: Lugi Pareyson (1918-1991) foi um dos mais importantes filósofos italianos do século XX. Sua imensa e erudita obra contribuiu significativamente para a discussão do idealismo alemão e do existencialismo em solo italiano e também na Argentina, onde ele trabalhou por alguns anos. O objetivo do presente artigo é avaliar alguns aspectos de sua leitura sobre um autor capital para o existencialismo, a saber, o dinamarquês Kierkegaard. Para tanto, delimitaremos nossa análise a investigar a presença do pensador na sua obra Studi sull´esistenzialismo (1943). Há aqui um duplo intuito: o primeiro é realizar um panorama do existencialismo germânico e sua recepção em solo italiano. O segundo é perceber como Kierkegaard atuou sobre ambos segundo a interpretação de Pareyson.
Entre o animal e a máquina:
Authors: Oliveira Juliano de Almeida
Published: October 2022

O artigo pretende apresentar de modo geral a situação do homem contemporâneo, cuja noção se esvazia diante das provocações do animalismo, de um lado, e do pós-humanismo, de outro. Quem é realmente o homem? Um animal como os outros ou uma potencial máquina a ser desenvolvida através do enhancement de suas capacidades? Está-se diante de dois fenômenos preocupantes: uma absolutização do dado biológico no caso do animalismo, fazendo do ser humano somente um momento específico dentro do gênero animal; ou senão o abandono do biológico, transformado pela tecnologia que produz o “além-homem”, em condições diversas de existência, no caso do pós-humanismo. De qualquer modo, nessas novas antropologias (naturalista e tecnicista) perde-se aquilo que torna o homem propriamente humano, ou seja, o que a tradição chama de espírito ou alma (nous, psyché). Sem descer a detalhes, deseja- se indicar as principais teses, bem como os autores de referência, que caracterizam ambas as posições mencionadas. A atenção também se dirige à tentativa de re-dizer o humano como pessoa, partindo dos elementos presentes nas posições em estudo, mas indo além de seus reducionismos.
Teoria crítica da Inquisição na doutrina do direito em Tomás de Aquino
Authors: Nunes Claúdio Pedrosa
Published: October 2022

O artigo pretende formular uma breve reflexão sobre o pensamento de Tomás de Aquino no campo da ética e do direito romano sobre as oscilações e paradoxos das práticas inquisitoriais na Idade Média. No medievo a Criação e a onipotência de Deus abrigam, enfim, a pensar um poder absoluto adaptado ao mundo senhorial, portanto, a partir do século XII o domínio da Igreja e da monarquia acendem as fogueiras onde se queimam os livros e os homens para extirpar do ocidente cristão as heresias. Ao se construir um processo inquisitorial ocorre a necessidade irreprimível da confissão da verdade. Os fatos que parecem comuns alteram-se e passam a ser considerados crimes de infidelidade contra a tradição e a majestade divina, e logo tornam-se peça de contestação provocando polêmicas acusatórias, amparadas no degesto, isto é, no direito romano. Devemos ressaltar, nesse panorama, que a grande maioria dos pensadores dos séculos XII e XIII era proveniente de ordens religiosas católicas, os Padres da Igreja que exerciam domínio político, intelectual e cultural, especialmente a ordem dos dominicanos representada pela figura de Tomás de Aquino. Os dominicanos eram afeitos aos estudos e a produção de teses legitimada pela Igreja romana. Isso favoreceu o desenvolvimento do modelo inquisitorial dotado de fundamentação acadêmica e, portanto, realista. Tomás de Aquino se dedicou a apresentar correções e ajustes diante das oscilações e paradoxos no trato com a pessoa humana no período crucial da história medieval.
A metafísica do Bem na Filosofia da Natureza de Santo Agostinho
Authors: Costa Marcos Roberto Nunes
Published: October 2022

Partindo do princípio judaico-cristão de que Deus, ser único, mediante um ato livre de amor, criou todas as coisas a partir do nada (criação ex nihilo), Santo Agostinho defende que no universo físico, criado e governado por Deus, não há espaço para a desordem ou imperfeição (o mal), mas que a natureza é perfeitamente ordenada e harmoniosa, não havendo senão o bem, de forma que em Agostinho, existir, ser e bem são sinônimos. Já o suposto mal físico, ou a imperfeição no universo, não passa de uma ausência ou privação do bem, que acontece não como ser, mas como não ser.
Stable transformation of Opuntia ficus indica callus cultures as evidenced by fluorescence of the tandem dimer Tomato gene
Authors: Felker Peter , Bunch Ron , Tine John A. , Russo Guy R. , Arnold Marianne , Wang Fang , Wang Fang , Rong Ying , Wright Martha
Published: October 2022

This communication provides a protocol for stable transformation of Opuntia callus cultures. Itis a summary of ten years research from 2006 to 2016 of more than 340 experiments toobtain stable transformation and regeneration of five clones of Opuntia ficus-indica. Althoughregeneration was not achieved, stable transformation was achieved as evidenced byexpression of a fluorescent marker gene six months after inoculation by soaking explantsderived from unopened floral buds in Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA 101. As cactus hadtoo much auto fluorescence to permit use of even enhanced green fluorescent proteins, thefluorescent marker TdTomato with red/orange emission was used. To avoid consumerobjections from antibiotic selective marker systems, the Phosphomannose Isomerase (PMI)gene that screens for growth on mannose was used. Explants that fluoresced grew well up to10 g L-1 mannose, while explants that did not fluoresce senesced and died when cultured on2 g L-1 mannose. The optimal basal media were found to be either Murashige-Skoog with 30g L-1 sucrose, with either double the standard Ca concentration or Woody Plant media with anadditional 2,000 mg L-1 KNO3. Standard liquid shake, temporary immersion system or solidagar with 3 g L-1 gel rite was examined and the solid gel rite media was used. Previousreports that reported stable transformation of meristems by needle injection could not berepeated, possibly because those experiments were conducted with non-intron GUS thatwould have permitted the Agrobacterium to properly transcribe and splice transcripts for theuidA gene. Two independent reports of somatic embryogenesis Bouamama et al. (2011) andGomez et al. (2006) in Opuntia were intensively examined, but could not be repeated.However smooth, green structures similar to “nodules” described by McGown et al. (1988)that can be induced to produce shoots were obtained but could not be induced to produceshoots. The hormone combinations that resulted in the greatest “structure” from immaturefloral explants were Zeatin (ZA) 0.2 to 0.75 mg L-1 with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) 0.2 mg

L-1, or Thidiazuron (TDZ) 0.75 with ZA 0.5 and NAA 0.4 mg L-1, or metatopolin 1.5 with NAA0.25 mg L-1. Long-term culture on Picloram (PIC) resulted in cultures with a red tinge,thought to be stress-induced betalain production. However, the most promising hormonecombination with (PIC) on floral explants was 0.01 TDZ/0.06 ZA/0.02 mg L-1 PIC. It issuggested that the most promising approaches to obtain shoots from these types ofstructures will come from transient or stable expression of the WUSCHEL and/orBABYBOOM regulatory genes in order to stimulate shoot development.
Postharvest effects of 1-MCP and Chitosan/Oleic acid coating in Pitaya (Stenocereus griseus H.)
Authors: Espinal-Hernández Prisma , Colinas-León María Teresa , Ybarra-Moncada Ma. Carmen , Méndez-Zúñiga Sergio M. , Corrales-García Joel
Published: October 2022

Pitaya (Stenocereus griseus H.) is an exotic fruit produced in some regions of Mexico, where it is mainly consumed fresh and valued in local markets. Its pulp has an intense red color, sweet flavor, small and easily chewable seeds, and compounds with antioxidant capacity, such as betalains and phenolics, which confer the fruit an important nutraceutical value. Therefore, in selected markets, the price of pitaya is considered high. However, pitaya has big spines that cause consumer rejection, due to the possibility of puncture. The spines also make it difficult to handle pitaya and cause mechanical damages. These circumstances make it indispensable to remove the spines from the fruit, but collaterally, the shelf-life is decreased, and consequently, its commercialization in distant markets is more difficult. It has been reported that postharvest treatments, such as application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and chitosan (Ch) coatings added with hydrophobic components like oleic acid (OA), aid in preserving the quality of several horticultural products, but this effect has not been studied in pitaya. In the present study, the effects of 1-MCP (4.2 µL L-1) and/or a coating prepared with 9.1 g L-1 of Ch + 6.4 mL L-1 of OA (CO) were evaluated over the quality of pitayas, which were previously despined (D) during refrigeration (11 ± 1 °C; 93 ± 2 % relative humidity (RH)) for 15 d. The quality parameters studied were respiration pattern, ethylene production, weight loss, titratable acidity, skin firmness, and total soluble solids (TSS). It was found that the respiration rate and ethylene production corresponded to the climacteric type, independently of the treatment.

The refrigeration conditions, minimized notoriously the weight loss of the fruits of practically all treatments. CO alone maintained the quality parameters and delayed the appearance of fungi, extending the shelf-life of despined pitayas up to 15 d. However, 1-MCP alone was not capable of preserving the evaluated quality parameters. The best treatment was D+CO+1-MCP, since it reduced notoriously the respiration and ethylene production rates, and inhibited loss of skin firmness, TSS, and acidity of the fruit. The results obtained herein are a progress in the limited knowledge of the postharvest physiology of pitaya fruit. More research is needed to deepen this knowledge and to optimize the postharvest handling of pitaya, in order to develop its market at global level for the benefit of producers and consumers.
Aerobic semi-solid fermentation of Opuntia megacantha as feed supplement and its effect on dairy cows (Holstein)
Authors: Flores-Hernández Arnoldo , Macías-Rodríguez Francisco Javier , Meza-Herrera Cesar , García-Herrera Gabriel , Esquivel-Arriaga Oscar , Hernández-Bautista Cristóbal , Murillo-Amador Bernardo
Published: October 2022

Fermented prickly pear (Opuntia megacantha) has been used as forage in goats and sheep. Thus, the objectives of this study were to assess bimonthly production of cladodes var. Narro, compare the quality of those fermented versus non-fermented, and assess the effect of fermented cladodes in milk production of Holstein cows in stables (La Partida, Matamoros, Coahuila, México). Central pivot irrigation was used to water prickly pear plantation with a density of 17,500 plants ha-1. To assess cladode quality (proximal analysis) before and after fermentation, a completely randomized bifactorial design was used -non-fermented (N-0) and fermented (N-F) cladodes- with three replicates each. To assess the fermented cladode effect in milk production, a completely randomized design was established with first-calving Holstein cows where each one represented one replicate. The treatments were two diets, Dnor (normal) and Dnop (fermented cladodes). The results showed sufficient bimonthly production (14,380.8±1,676 kg t ha-1) of fresh prickly pear leaves for daily bio-digestor functioning (200 kg). Crude protein content and metabolizable energy showed significantly greater and contrasting values compared with non-fiber carbohydrate content (sugars and starch), showing a significant decrease in fermented cladodes with respect to non-fermented. Other proximal components did not show significant differences between both N-F vs N-0 cladodes. Average milk production increased when cows changed from Dnor (26.08 ± 4.8 L Day-1) to Dnop (30.07 ± 5.3 L Day-1) diets, recording three groups with less, medium, and greater significant increase in milk production. No correlation was found between production and increase.
Chemical profiling of Trichocereus species from northern Argentina
Authors: Barbarich María Florencia , Martínez Marisa , Reñones Laura , Soto Ignacio M.
Published: October 2022

The first nutritional profiling of all Trichocereus species of columnar cacti from northern Argentina is reported. Commonly called ‘cardones’ by locals, they are iconic elements of the flora and cultural heritage in the region. A general chemical characterization of the four species (T. atacamensis, T. terschekii, T. tarijensis and T.schikendatzii) was performed. Stem tissues for each species in terms of humidity, ash, protein content, carbohydrates, and reducing sugars, as well as phenols and anti-radical activity were profiled. The results constitute an advance in terms of general knowledge of these vulnerable and exploited Andean cacti and will contribute to ponder the most appropriate method of conservation and the possibility of bioprospecting and regulating its sustainable use.
Morphological and chemical characteristics of fruits and seeds of two cultivars of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller from northern Morocco
Authors: Bougdaoua Hanane , El Mtili Noureddine
Published: October 2022

Fruits of two cultivars of Opuntia ficus-indica (the “Hajria” and “Dellahia” cultivars) growing in the Tetouan and Al-Hoceima provinces of northern Morocco were harvested at the same ripening stage. The chemical properties (total lipids, proteins, total sugars, moisture, and dry matter) of the peel and seeds were determined and the morphological characteristics (whole fruit weight, pulp weight, peel weight, and the number and weight of fertilized and aborted seeds) of the fruits and their seeds from both cultivars were compared. Surface-sterilized seeds were separated into six groups according to their length and germinated on Murashige and Skoog basal culture medium. Seed viability, by analyzing the correlation between (1) germination rate and seed length, and (2) germination rate and seed weight was determined. Results showed that the province or cultivar factor had significant effects on the morphological characteristics of fruits and seeds. Fruit and pulp weights were positively correlated with the seed number. In addition, a marked difference in the sugar content of the peel was observed (57.29% in the ‘‘Dellahia’’ cultivar compared to 36.66% in the “Hajria” cultivar). The seeds of the “Dellahia” cultivar contained 10.41% fat and 8.12% protein, whereas the seeds of “Hajria” contained 12.27% fat and 8.67% protein. Seed viability was assured from a length of 3.5 mm in both cultivars. The seed germination rate correlated positively with increased length and weight; however, this rate was significantly different between the two cultivars.
Sociocultural and economic significance in the harvest of the pitaya sahuira (Stenocereus montanus) in Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: Solomón-Montijo Bladimir , Rivera-Aguirre Paola Yazmel , Rodríguez-López Yulisa , Flores-Almeida Herendira , Cárcamo-Arechiga Roberto Carlos , Pío-León Juan Fernando
Published: October 2022

Pitayas (Stenocereus spp.) are one of the most important wild plants in Mexico; however, there are few studies that evaluate the harvest value and commercialization of local species. This research records the sociocultural and economic importance of the harvest of pitaya sahuira (Stenocereus montanus) in two localities of the state of Sinaloa, Mexico: 1) San José del Llano, Badiraguato, and 2) several small communities in the municipality of Choix. Semi-structured surveys and participatory evaluation were carried out with different people who harvest and market the pitaya fruits during the production season to document the harvest method, productivity, commercial value, fruit destination, cultural perceptions, and the differences between both regions. In both localities, daily harvests are made, and it constitutes the main economic activity during the production season, about 40 to 50 days between May and July. In San José, the harvest is carried out by men and women, while in Choix, it is practically exclusive by men. Higher productivity was recorded in San José, reflected by a greater amount of daily fruit harvested in a workday; however, in Choix, the fruit has a higher sales value, which balances the estimated annual earnings of around 1,940 dollars per harvester (~40,000.00 Mexican pesos). Given its great commercial value, it is necessary to implement cultivation and domestication strategies at the local level, as a regional economic alternative and to reduce the pressure on native populations. This work incorporates additional evidence on the great cultural and economic importance of the genus Stenocereus in Mexico and motivates the design of better strategies for sustainable use and the revaluation of this biocultural heritage.
Physical-chemical quality of xoconostle fruits (Opuntia matudae and O. joconostle) in the Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, Mexico
Authors: Mónica Gutiérrez-Rojas Mónica Gutiérrez-Rojas , Daniel Ruiz-Juárez Daniel Ruiz-Juárez , Gilberto Vela-Correa Gilberto Vela-Correa , Javier L Olivares-Orozco Javier L Olivares-Orozco , Rueda-Puente Edgar Omar
Published: October 2022

The physical and chemical parameters of the soils are decisive in the physiological development of plants of agricultural interest. In the case of some species of Opuntia called xoconostle, the impact of the physical and chemical quality of the fruits, on the soils where they are grown, is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the physical-chemical quality of two xoconostles fruits (Opuntia matudae cv. Cuaresmero and O. joconostle cv. Burro) cultivated and wild in the Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo, Mexico. The physical and chemical characteristics of soils and fruits of xoconostle O. matudae and O. joconostle cultivated and wild in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico were analyzed with five repetitions. The data were treated with the JMP V8 program, expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The differences among the means of the fruits were treated with analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significance level of P?0.001. The differences among the means were evaluated with the Tukey test with a significance level of (P?0.05). Among the physical and chemical properties of the soils, they presented a pale brown (10YR 6/3), with higher porosity, more acidic pH, and exchangeable ions, where wild xoconostle plants (O. joconostle cv. Burro) grow and develop, the fruits presented increases in the quality parameters in weight of whole fruit and pulp, longitudinal and equatorial diameter, °Brix, pH, ash, fiber, protein, K+, Na+, Ca2+ y Mg2+ .The xoconostle fruits of wild plants of Chapantongo O. joconostle showed statistically significant differences between sites and quality parameters concerning to O. matudae cv. Cuaresmero. Xoconostle fruits can be considered in the diet as a nutraceutical food alternative. It can also be used as a natural ingredient in food, food products, and by-products.
El Derecho a la salud de las personas adultas mayores de México en la Pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Hernández Domínguez Enma Estela , Cortés Arévalo Saúl David
Published: October 2022

Las personas adultas mayores en México representan una parte importante de nuestra población, se ven involucrados siempre en los nuevos sucesos de la vida actual. Aunque son el tema principal de esta situación, la pandemia no les es ajena, inclusive son los principales afectados, ¿Cómo se relacionan los adultos mayores, la pandemia por COVID-19 y el derecho?, Los derechos humanos se encuentran en la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos; además del acceso en la salud en sí. Como grupo vulnerable enfrentan muchas situaciones difíciles y el escenario de la contingencia sanitaria saca a relucir las adversidades que enfrentan, no solo en el ámbito social, económico y emocional sino también aquellas en donde se ven comprometidos sus derechos fundamentales y acceso a una vejez digna.
A vueltas con la Reconvención
Authors: Ríos Muñoz Luis Patricio
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo repasa los orígenes, concepto, procedencia y requisitos de la demanda reconvencional, figura que ha sido olvidada por la doctrina y no muy tratada por la jurisprudencia, al punto que no se ha puesto de relieve uno de los mayores inconvenientes que presenta su fase de substanciación.  Al respecto, se entrelaza su origen con la compensación, su concepto al Derecho francés, y se justifica la conexidad para su procedencia.
Pasion as a Reflection of Ilokano Cultural Values and Traditions: The Case of San Esteban, Ilocos Sur
Authors: Domingo Ryan Roi , Gomez Melver Ritz , Guira Jan Rich
Published: October 2022

Exploring the rich oral traditions of the Ilokanos, the study generally aimed to document the conduct of Pasion and analyze the cultural values and traditions manifested through its performance at the locale of San Esteban, Ilocos Sur. Further, it determined the individuals performing the Pasion, their motivations in doing so, and the cultural values and traditions that can be manifested in the performance of the Pasion. The study employed a qualitative research design and utilized in-depth interviewing, used secondary data, and involved digital documentation of the performances for a span of a 10-day schedule. Results revealed that the performers of Pasion are individuals who have free time, devout Catholics inclined to their religious views, and those who belong to a group of people related by blood or community. Their reasons and motives reflected cultural values such as love for the family, culture, tradition, and community. Specifically, Ilokano cultural values and traditions reflected in the performance of the Pasion are emotional closeness and security among the Ilokano family, commitment to a “Panata” or vow, faith and religiosity, as well as community solidarity.
Patern ng Exchanges ng mga Interaksiyong Pangklasrum sa Antas Tersiyarya (Pattern of Exchanges of Classroom Interactions in Tertiary Level)
Authors: Salvador Nelie
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to determine and analyze the classroom interactions in Social Science, Filipino and Physical Education subjects at Mariano Marcos State University, City of Batac, Currimao, and Laoag City, Ilocos Norte campuses. Specifically, the researcher analyzed the structures or patterns of exchanges of teachers and students in the classroom interactions of the three subjects mentioned. Voice recorder was used in recording the classroom interactions of classes in Sociology 1, Philosophy, Logic, and Economcs; Filipino 02, Panitikan, Physical Education 2 and Physical Education 4. There were fourteen (14) classes observed in this study. Based on the results of analysis, there were seven (7) structures of patterns or exchanges from the utterances of teachers and students. Most frequently used were the TPT (Teacher-Pupil-Teacher), and TP (Teacher-Pupil) structures. Other structures used were TPTPT (Teacher-Pupil-Teacher-Pupil-Teacher), TPTP (Teacher-Pupil-Teacher-Pupil),T (Teacher), TPPPT (Teacher-Pupil-Pupil-Pupil-Teacher), TPTP (Teacher-Pupil-Teacher-Pupil), TPPP (Teacher-Pupil-Pupil-Pupil), and PT (Pupil-Teacher) from highest to lowest. Clearly, teachers dominated classroom interactions. This implies that the thinking and speaking skills of the students are missed in classroom discussions.
Ketaatan Kepada Bapa Sebagai Dasar Kebebasan Moral Kristiani
Authors: Suwito Benny
Published: October 2022

It is quite often that obedience is misunderstood in moral life. Most people, including Catholics, argue that someone who inclines to obedience is not free. Morevover, some Catholics do not agree that they must obey to the Magisterium because it is frequently seen as human institution. Because of that, this paper wants to scrutinize that obedience is not contrary to human freedom. It clarifies that obedience to God is an obedience to the Magisterium, the teaching of the Church. And it wants demonstrate the truth of the role of the Holy Spirit which guarantees all Christians who obey to God are having moral freedom.
Towards a Scalable IIoT Solution for Factory Monitoring
Authors: de Brito Igor S. , Fernandes Antonio Gabriel da S. , Salvo Guilherme G. de F. , Alves Rafael S. R. , Maia Thomas E. , Chaves Fernanda E. C. , Previti Marcelo S. , Pisani Flávia , Borin Juliana F.
Published: October 2022

With the declining cost of computer chip production, they have been increasingly integrated into everyday appliances and devices, giving rise to the Internet of Things. In an industrial context, these devices improve control and productivity in a production line. This paper evaluates the scalability of connections of those devices to an edge gateway, as well as the scalability of connections of edge gateways to a server platform in a simulated industrial setting.
Biodigestion of Mixed Substrates of Cow Manure-Delignified Spent Coffee Ground (DSCG) using Microorganism Enhancer for Biogas Production and Its Kinetic Study
Authors: Sumantri Indro , Kusnadi Peter , Handoyo I Gelbert Reynaldo , Kumoro Andri Cahyo
Published: October 2022

Environmentally benign energy strategies have been implemented to cope with the rapidly increased global energy needs. Indonesia’s coffee consumption has triggered an increase in the generation of spent coffee ground (SCG) that can be used as a biogas raw material. The novelty that we offer in this research effort is to reduce the premature formation of biogas, so that we can extend the biogas production period during the digestion of spent coffee ground by adjusting the right pH and digestion time. This study aimed to produce biogas from an organic substrate mixture containing cow manure and SCG with a 25:1 C/N ratio by employing effective microorganisms-4 (EM-4). The process began with delignification of SCG using sodium hydroxide solution to obtain delignified SCG (DSCG). The biodegradation of the substrate was performed in an anaerobic batch digestion (AD) system at ambient temperature by varying pH (5, 7, and 9) and EM-4 concentration (6%, 9%, and 12%). The biogas product and chemical oxygen demand measurements were carried out every two days for 60 days of digestion. The results showed that the increase in EM-4 concentration induced earlier initial biogas production enhanced the volume, and extended the production time. The pH 7 level and 9% EM-4 loading gave the ideal digestion substrate condition containing cow manure and SCG with a 25:1 C/N ratio to obtain 11.28 mL of biogas/g COD with 100.2% production enhancement. The modified Gompertz equation fitted the experimental data very well as indicated by a high value of the coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.95).
The Effect of Child Spacing on Mothers’ Labor Force Participation in Urban Households of Iran
Authors: Shahraki Mahdi , Emamgholipour Sara
Published: October 2022

Background: Short and long birth spacings have negative effects on the health of mothers and children and consequently on the level of mothers’ employment. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of first and second children spacing on mothers’ labor force participation in Iranian urban households. Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed using econometric methods as a probit and probit model with an instrumental variable in Stata version 16 in 2021. The sample size included 8920 urban households in all provinces of Iran, and the data were extracted from the cost and income questionnaire of urban households. Results: The birth spacing of the first and second child had a positive effect equal to 0.16 on the probability of employment of mothers in households with 2 children, which was equal to 0.22 for households with 2 or more children. The coefficients of maternal age, having a private home, father’s education, and father’s age on mothers’ employment were -0.02, -0.09, -0.06, and 0.02 in households with 2 children, respectively. Conclusions: Increasing the birth spacing, especially for the first and second child, led to an increase in the probability of the mother’s employment in the labor market. Therefore, optimal birth spacing is recommended, which improves both the health of the mother and the child and does not reduce job opportunities. In this regard, policies to promote optimal birth spacing through raising awareness, the use of contraceptive methods, and the importance of breastfeeding are also proposed.
Tracking the history of words: changing perspectives, changing research
Authors: Durkin Philip
Published: October 2022

Traditionally, most words have been seen as having simple linear histories, with the earliest known attestation regarded as the date at which a word �entered the language�. Changing perspectives, especially from historical sociolinguistics and from detailed research on language varieties, are bringing different questions into focus. Whose language does a particular word belong to? How is it used differently by different speakers? How has this changed over time? Additionally, renewed etymological interest in the origins of complex words has prompted questions about how frequently words show convergent lines of development, polygenesis as opposed to monogenesis. This article examines some of the challenges and opportunities presented by such issues for one of the oldest tools in historical linguistics, the historical dictionary.
Logistics Optimisation of a Fast Catamaran Ferry – A Selection of Optimal Route Considering Battery Weight and Cost
Authors: Wang Haibin , Boulougouris Evangelos , Priftis Alexandros , Shi Guangyu , Xu Xue , Theotokatos Gerasimos
Published: October 2022

A fast catamaran ferry planned for operation in the Thames River equipped with a battery-powered propulsion system as the prime driver is studied. Such inland waterways vessels are affected by the battery weight and cost restrictions. An energy storage model was developed to estimate the energy requirement, weight and cost of batteries to match the given operation profile. Due to the low energy density of existing battery technology compared to the traditional fossil fuels, and the limited weight allowance for the system onboard a high-speed ferry, a logistics-based optimisation approach has been implemented. It is identifying the Pareto optimal designs that fulfil the demanding endurance-battery weight-charging time-draft-wake limitations of the route. Furthermore, with the consideration of the depth of discharge, the battery life was modelled so that the replacement cost can be considered in the life cycle of the ferry. The results are discussed and valuable conclusions for consideration in future battery-driven designs are drawn.
Ontario Teachers’ Policy Leadership During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Farhadi Beyhan , Winton Sue
Published: October 2022

In this article, we combine theories of teacher leadership, policy leadership, street-level leadership, and policy enactment to inform our novel conceptualization of teachers’ policy leadership. We draw on data collected through a series of 3 focus group interviews with 31 secondary school teachers in Ontario between July 2020 and February 2021 to show how the dynamism of the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic impacted this aspect of their work. Specifically, our findings show the influence of administrative support and the shifting external, situated, and spatial contexts on teachers’ policy leadership. The findings also highlight the role of refusal and creative reinterpretation of educators who prioritized student well-being during the pandemic as schooling transitioned from more flexible emergency remote learning to a less flexible “business as usual” approach.
Turning Leadership Upside-Down and Outside-In During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Briscoe Patricia , Nyereyemhuka Nyasha
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 has led many to question how education and schooling are supposed to continue in a world of uncertainty. This case follows the journey of Mariam, an Ontario elementary school principal, as she pivoted her leadership while transitioning between in-person and virtual schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. The case narrative describes the events that turned Mariam’s leadership upside-down and required her to adapt to meet the needs of the school community; in the process, however, she forgot about her own needs. Crisis leadership forced her to learn, unlearn, and relearn her beliefs about her leadership choices and purpose. The case includes teaching notes and two activities: (a) using a crisis leadership framework for reflecting on the learning, unlearning, and relearning of education, schooling, and the purpose of educational leadership during a pandemic, and (b) strategies to help leaders refocus from the outside in using self-care. Instructors can use this case in graduate-level leadership courses and for professional development.
Practicing Care-Centered Leadership in a Pandemic: Narratives and Notes on Care Ethics Experiences and Practices in Extraordinary Times
Authors: Schultz Christie
Published: October 2022

This case explores experiences of practicing care-centered leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic. The case narrative is the author’s anonymized account of responding with care ethics to specific challenges encountered during the pandemic and the complexities of transitioning into a new leadership role in 2020. The teaching notes and activities invite readers to consider the ways in which care-centered leadership practices might continue beyond pandemic times by asking: In what ways might pandemic-enabled compassion for students be sustained post-pandemic; in what ways might flexibility for teaching and learning modalities persist; and how has this crisis offered an opportunity to critically examine the ways in which we lead in educational settings?
FEAR OF CORONAVIRUS AND AGE OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE BRCKO DISTRICT OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - ANALYSIS OF INTERDEPENDENCE
Authors: Stević Stevan , Tešić Dejan
Published: October 2022

The paper investigates the differences between the age groups of the inhabitants of the Brcko District of BiH in terms of their fear of the new corona virus (COVID 19). The research was conducted in the period June-August 2020, on a sample of 160 respondents of different age groups. The sample included four age groups of subjects, while the fear of coronavirus was observed through four different modalities. It was found that there are differences among age groups in terms of fear of coronavirus, with, as expected, the elderly are most afraid, while young people are least afraid. On the other hand, unlike other age groups, mostly younger respondents are not afraid at all. Considering the observed differences, the Chi-square test of independence of the observed characteristics based on the analysis of the contingency table was applied. It was determined that there is an interdependence of respondents by age groups and fear of coronavirus, but the corresponding contingency coefficients show that it is not pronounced. Since a suitable (suitable or appropriate), non-random sample was used in the research, the stated results cannot be generalized to the total population, which means that they are valid only for the observed group of respondents.
THE INFLUENCE OF CONTEXT SPECIFICITY ON ENTREPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOR MODALITIES
Authors: Sekulić Dejan , Mitrašević Lidija
Published: October 2022

The pronounced multidimensionality and diversity of entrepreneurial behavior make it impossible to explain it on basis of a single, universally applicable model. Understanding the characteristics, dynamics, uniqueness, and limitations of different manifestations of entrepreneurial activity requires consideration of the specifics of the context in which it manifests itself. Based on a systematic review of the relevant literature, the paper defines and analyzes the role of context in researching the phenomenon of entrepreneurship, and then proposes a nomenclature of context dimensions in order to indicate the need to apply different perspectives. This is extremely important when defining problems, subjects and choosing the approach to research, as well as for generating alternative explanations and identifying unnoticed manifestations of entrepreneurship. After presenting the theoretical and pragmatic implications of the interdependence of entrepreneurial activities and different dimensions of the context, recommendations for future research are given.
Os Direitos Humanos à Água e ao Saneamento
Authors: Heller Léo
Published: October 2022

Levar ao público uma visão ampliada da água e do saneamento a partir da lente dos direitos humanos. É esse o intuito da obra, que busca, em suas mais de 600 páginas, explicar e decodificar o significado da água e do saneamento como direitos fundamentais, articulando diferentes campos do conhecimento, como o campo do direito, o campo da saúde coletiva e o campo das políticas públicas. O volume é organizado em 13 capítulos, que compõem quatro partes. A primeira é mais focada nos fundamentos dos conceitos, fazendo um apanhado histórico da emergência dos direitos humanos à ága e ao saneamento. A segunda parte aborda os macro determinantes, que acabam facilitando a violação desses direitos humanos. A terceira é sobre políticas públicas, diretamente relacionadas à realização desses direitos. Por fim, a quarta parte trata de alguns grupos populacionais mais fortemente vulnerabilizados quanto ao cumprimento desses direitos.
Infrared Clinical Thermography: Normal Foot Growth Parameters
Authors: Moreno Paula Cobos , Picado Alvaro Astasio , Quintana Rodrigo Martínez , Martin Beatriz Gómez
Published: October 2022

Background: Clinical thermography is a relatively novel technique in wide use in different medical fields because of its versatility and ease of application. It inflicts no pain and entails no contact with the pediatric patient, which assuages anxiety and fear in patients when undergoing diagnostic exploration. The use of infrared clinical thermography being suggested herein is to establish normality patterns, which have not been described in the relevant literature. These patterns may be extrapolated to pathologic study by means of future research lines.

Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study (descriptive in nature) was performed with a sample population of 328 children divided into two age groups: 6 to 7 years and 13 to 16 years, all of them schooled in the province of Cáceres in Spain. The variables analyzed herein were age, sex, and temperature. A thermographic camera was used to study foot temperature.

Results: Results show that the temperature varies among the different study areas established for the foot, although they remain constant bilaterally. In addition, the highest temperature was found in the area of the first metatarsal head (29.8°C), and the lowest at the heel (28.8°C).

Conclusions: It can be concluded that both feet have the same thermal behavior despite the variation in temperature among the different areas that were established in the foot for the purposes of this study.
The Great Easter
Authors: Besse Jacques
Published: October 2022

A hallucinating, insomniac, and increasingly fragile flaneur wanders the streets of Paris over the long Easter weekend of 1960.

Paris, Easter weekend 1960. The French composer Jacques Besse sets out on a marathon stroll through the city that begins on Good Friday, when he leaves his brother's house on rue de Turbigo, and ends on Easter Monday, when, having declared himself Mars, the god of war, to mystified restaurant-goers, he ambles back toward Saint-Germain-des-Prés. The Great Easter—a memoir in the form of a novella, or perhaps a novella in the form of a memoir—is the first-person account of a hallucinating, insomniac, and increasingly fragile flaneur's unending ambulation.

The Great Easter was first published in French in 1969 and became famous a few years later when in their milestone work Anti-Oedipus Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari referred to Besse's walk as the quintessential “double stroll of the schizo.” (Besse was a patient at Guattari's psychiatric clinic La Borde.) Besse's stroll purées past and present, real and not-real: a rendezvous with a prostitute intersects with Sergei Eisenstein and his entourage, a bellowed song about the sea is overwhelmed by “memories” of the 1830 July Revolution, and the entire universe gathers itself up into a bubble above Gare d'Austerlitz. He is seized by anxiety, released by joy; he announces his cosmic celebrity via a huge (imaginary) television while freezing in the night and calling out for bread. A cult favorite in France, The Great Easter is an engrossing, surreal road movie of a book
Zickzack
Authors: Firebrace William
Published: October 2022

Zigzagging through six locations on the edges of the German-speaking world, exploring them through politics, architecture, literature, film, art, music, food, and history.

“Zickzack” is the German word for “zigzag”: hopping around, moving back and forth, never following a straight line, avoiding the monotony of one thing following another. Zickzack is William Firebrace's zigzagging exploration of six places on the edges of the German-speaking world. Deploying essays, narration, conversations, descriptions, and lists, Firebrace celebrates locations on defined and undefined borders, where cultures, languages, and histories mix. In his nonlinear wandering, he touches on ethnicity, topography, history, film, literature, myth, languages, and gastronomy.

These locales are not the famous cities of Berlin, Vienna, and Zurich, but areas that straddle countries, geographies, and influences. Two are within Germany itself, one lies on (and over) the border with Poland, and three were once within the loose German cultural zone but now belong to other countries. Firebrace explores Strasbourg, capital of Alsace and part of a long-running territorial dispute between France and Germany; Königsberg, which spent some of the twentieth century as Kaliningrad; and Görlitz and Zgorcelec, twin cities on either side of a river. He plays hopscotch with churches in Backstein and takes a train trip past cities with double names—Sterzing-Vipiteno, Brixen-Bressanone, Klausen-Chiusa, signs of the double culture, where everything happens twice but in a slightly different way. In the zigzags of the German-speaking world, the original culture sometimes survives, sometimes is deliberately destroyed, sometimes merges with other cultures, and often, if submerged, resurfaces in a different form.
Correlates of online bookstores service quality, satisfaction, and patronage intention by research students in Nigerian universities
Authors: Tella Adeyinka , Ngoaketsi Joseph
Published: October 2022

The study examined correlates of online bookstores service quality, satisfaction, and patronage intention among the research students in Nigerian universities. Through a survey design, the study drew on 711 research students from ten universities in the South-west, Nigeria. Three hypotheses were developed and tested. The findings revealed that online bookstores service quality and satisfaction correlate with patronage intention of online bookstores by the research students in Nigerian universities. Besides, online bookstores service quality and satisfaction significantly predicts patronage intention by the research students in Nigerian universities; and that satisfaction significantly predicts patronage intention of research students to an online bookstore than service quality. Based on the findings, the study recommended that online bookstores should improve the quality of their service so that there may be an additional increase in the level at which research students are satisfied with their services thereby improving their patronage.
Functional connectivity subtypes associate robustly with ASD diagnosis
Authors: Urchs Sebastian GW , Tam Angela , Orban Pierre , Moreau Clara , Benhajali Yassine , Nguyen Hien Duy , Evans Alan C , Bellec Pierre
Published: October 2022

Our understanding of the changes in functional brain organization in autism is hampered by the extensive heterogeneity that characterizes this neurodevelopmental disorder. Data driven clustering offers a straightforward way to decompose autism heterogeneity into subtypes of connectivity and promises an unbiased framework to investigate behavioral symptoms and causative genetic factors. Yet, the robustness and generalizability of functional connectivity subtypes is unknown. Here, we show that a simple hierarchical cluster analysis can robustly relate a given individual and brain network to a connectivity subtype, but that continuous assignments are more robust than discrete ones. We also found that functional connectivity subtypes are moderately associated with the clinical diagnosis of autism, and these associations generalize to independent replication data. We explored systematically 18 different brain networks as we expected them to associate with different behavioral profiles as well as different key regions. Contrary to this prediction, autism functional connectivity subtypes converged on a common topography across different networks, consistent with a compression of the primary gradient of functional brain organization, as previously reported in the literature. Our results support the use of data driven clustering as a reliable data dimensionality reduction technique, where any given dimension only associates moderately with clinical manifestations.
Daphnia japonica sp. nov. (Crustacea: Cladocera) an eastern Palearctic montane species with mitochondrial discordance
Authors: Kotov Alexey A. , Taylor Derek J.
Published: October 2022

The Daphnia longispina complex (Crustacea: Cladocera) contains several keystone freshwater species such as D. longispina O.F. Müller (D. rosea Sars is a junior synonym), D. galeata Sars, D. cucullata Sars, and D. dentifera Forbes. The complex is common throughout the Holarctic, but there are several geographic regions where local forms have been assigned to European species names based on a superficial morphological resemblance. Here we examine the species status of a form that was previously assigned to D. rosea from a montane bog pond on Honshu, Japan. We used two nuclear non-coding loci (nDNA), mitochondrial sequences (the ND2 protein-coding region) and morphology for evidence. The mitochondrial gene evidence supported the existence of a divergent lineage that is more closely related to D. galeata than to D. dentifera. However, morphology and the nuclear DNA data indicated a lineage that is most closely related to D. dentifera. As our evidence supported the existence of a cohesive divergent lineage, we described a new species, Daphnia japonica sp. nov. Recognition of local and subalpine diversity in this group is critical as ongoing anthropogenic disturbance has been associated with introductions, local extirpations, and hybridization.