bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A STUDY ON THE SURFACE COVERAGE OF THE CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITED DIAMOND BY HYDROGEN ATOMS
Authors: ZHANG YA-FEI  , CHEN GUANG-HUA  ,   兰州大学物理系,兰州730001
Published: November 2020

The optimum surface coverage of diamond by hydrogen during chemical vapor depositon processes has been studied. It is assumed that the reduced chemical reaction of the singlet state of the surface dangling-bonds is different from that of the dangling-bonds-clusters in which the dangling-bonds may combine each other at the surface and form non-diamond structrures. The singlet states of the surface dangling bonds may be the main templets contributed to the diamond growth. It has been observed that the optimum surface coverage is 0.86 monolayer (ML)for {111} oriented surface , and 0.80 ML for {100} oriented surface for diamond growth, and it may be the maximum growth rate at a definite concentration of hydrocarbon fragments at the surface.
THE EFFECT OF ELECTRIC FIELD DIRECTION ON THE-SHEAR STRESS OF ER FLUIDS
Authors: WANG ZUO-WEI  , LIN ZHI-FANG  , TAO RUI-BAO  ,   复旦大学李政道物理学综合实验室物理系,上海200433
Published: November 2020

The effect of the direction of external electric field on the shear stress of an ER fluid has been studied by molecular-dynamics simulation. Due to the formation of inclined chains, the shear stress strongly depends on the direction of the field, and it may be very large under some special field direction. And theoretical model of ideal microstructure of ER fluids has proved this result. Thus the ER effect may be greatly enhanced just by choosing an optimum direction for the field without any additional requirement, suggesting a promising way to the practical application of ER fluids.
INFLUENCE OF ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY ON ELECTRORHEOLOGY EFFECT
Authors: GUO HONG-XIA  , MAI ZHEN-HONG  ,   中国科学院物理研究所
Published: November 2020

It is proved experimentally and theoretically that the electrorheology effect (ER) dominantly depends on the electrical conductivity. The mechanism of electrorheology includes not only the body and the interface polarizations but also the ion polarization of double electric layers. Under direct and low-frequency alternate electric field, the ER fluid exhibiting out standing ER effect requires σp＞σf and εp＞εf. It is beneficial to improve rheological proper ties of ER fluids by increasing the σf and the static electric interaction of the ion layers. But it must work under a low electric current and low Joule heat and low electric power input.
IONIZATION IN A MAGNETICALLY CONFINED DISCHARGE
Authors: LI JUN  , CHEN QING-MING  , LI ZAI-GUANG  ,   华中理工大学激光技术国家重点实验室,武汉430074
Published: November 2020

Ionization in a magnetically confined argon discharge has been studied by the use of a Monte Carlo simulation. Especially, influences of the transverse magnetic field have been investigated for a pressure range of 30 Pa-4 kPa. It is found that the magnetic field acts effectively only in a definite range of pressure( < 600 Pa), and within the range there is an optimum strength for the field. Analyses for the results and consideration of applying the discharge in ion lasers as well as in sputtering-based metal vapor lasers have been given.
SELF-PULSING IN THE Er3+-DOPED FIBER LASER
Authors: SUN JUN-QIANG  , HUANG DE-XIU  , LI ZAI-GUANG  ,   (1)华中理工大学光电子工程系; (2)华中理工大学激光技术国家实验室,武汉430074
Published: November 2020

A novel Er3+- doped ring fiber laser with simple structure is proposed in this paper and self -pulsing is observed under the lower pump parameters. The effects of pump parameters and the length of single mode fiber in the loop on the self-pulse characteristics are investigated experimentally. The results show that the self-pulse characteristics can be controlled by the adjustment of the relative parameters properly.
THE PROBLEM OF THE TWO-MODE PHASE OPERATORS
Authors: LI HONG-CAI  ,   福建师范大学物理系
Published: November 2020

The Hermitian cosine and sine operators for two particular models of two-mode space are obtained. As they commute, the common eigenstates are constructed. The properties of the operators and eigenvectors are discussed. The expectation values of these operators under the P-B phase representation are also studied.
OXIDATION AT ENHANCED TEMPERATURES AND SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL Sn THIN FILMS
Authors: YAN HUI  , MA LI-JUN  , CHEN GUANG-HUA  , S.P.WONG  , W.K.MAN  , R.W.M.KWOK  ,   (1)北京工业大学应用物理系; (2)香港中文大学电子工程系; (3)香港中文大学化学系
Published: November 2020

We studied the changes of both the surface morphology and the surface oxidation state of metal Sn thin films due to oxidation at enhanced temperatures(300—550℃). With atomic force microscopy, it was observed that the metal Sn thin film and the oxidized metal Sn thin films consisted of a great number of square-metallic crystallites and spherical-oxidized agglomerates, respectively. Such changes in the surface morphologies resulting from the oxidation process suggested that the oxidation of the square-metallic crystallites at the enhanced temperatures was anisotropic. By using X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, it was found that there were some oxygen particles adsorbed on both the surfaces of the metal Sn thin films and the oxidized metal Sn thin films. Furthermore, the forms of the adsorbed oxygen particles depended on the surface oxidation states.
SUPERPOSITION OF GENERALIZED COHERENT STATES IN THE NON HARMONIC OSCILLATOR POTENTIAL
Authors: NI ZHI-XIANG  ,   阜阳师范学院物理系;华东理论物理研究所
Published: November 2020

The superposition properties of generalized coherent states in the non harmonic oscillator potential is discussed in this paper. The necessary and sufficient condition of periodic squeezing is found, and the relation between antibunching effort and the superposition coefficient is shown.
EXCITATION COLLISION STRENGTH AND RATE-COEFFICIENT OF Auq+(q=47,55) IONS BY ELECTRON IMPACT
Authors: FANG QUAN-YU  , CAI WEI  , ZOU YU  , LI PING  , XU ZHI-JIN  ,   北京应用物理与计算数学研究所
Published: November 2020

The collision strength of excitation among configuration-average levels by electron impact in Auq+(q=47,55)ions are computed systematically by using the quasirelativistic distorted wave(QRDW)methods.We discuss the behavior of the collision strengths in high energy range and applicable condition of the plane wave approximation.It is shown that the QRDW method can reproduce major relativistic effects as compared with the fully relativistic distorted wave results of Zhang and Sampson et al.In this paper the collision strength are scaled and fitted with a least-square spline method.As a result thermal average rate coefficients in the entire range can be determined by five parameters for one transition process.We also offers some typical curves which demonstrate the variation of the collision strengths with electron energy and the variation of effective collision strengths and rate coefficients with electron temperature.The result shows that the discrepancy of single electron excited data of eight kinds of ions around Ni-like gold is lower than 10%.This is very favorable for the average atom(AA) model which simulates dynamics process in thermal plasma.
THE BOSONIZATION FORM AND NEW CRITICAL REGION OF THE QUANTUM ASHKIN-TELLER CHAIN
Authors: WANG ZHI-GUO  , XU BO-WEI  ,   上海交通大学应用物理系
Published: November 2020

In the continuum limit, the critical phenomenon of the quantum Ashkin-Teller(A-T) chain is discussed by the bosonization method. A new critical region of the A-T chain besides the Ising decoupling point has been found.
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE CHIRPED PULSE MULTIPASS AMPLIFICATION IN DOUBLE SIDE PUMPED Ti:SAPPHIRE
Authors: ZHANG SHU-KUI  , WEN GUO-QING  , ZHOU PI-ZHANG  , WANG XIAO-DONG  , MAN YONG-ZAI  , PENG HAN-SHENG  , WANG QING-YUE  ,   (1)天津大学精密仪器系; (2)中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所
Published: November 2020

A novel and more realistic calculation model and method for multipass laser pulse amplification has been put forward based upon the double side pumping scheme. We present here the systematic calculation and analysis on the amplification characteristics of the double side pumped confocal cavity Ti:sapphire amplifier and the chirped pulse multipass amplification through a new amplification configuration. Our experimental results show good agreement with the calculations. With such amplifier,the pass number is noticably reduced and some electro optical elements in regenerative amplifiers have been omitted.
THE PARAXIAL ELECTRON OPTICS IN THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL CURVILINEAR COORDINATE SYSTEM
Authors: NIE SHI-QI  , LIN SHU-QUAN  , HUANG BAO-LIN  ,   上海交通大学HDTV研究所，上海  200030
Published: November 2020

By applying the definitions of curvilinear coordinate in differential geometry and using the main electron trajectory as the curve axis, the first order and second order paraxial electron trajectory equations in the three-dimensional coordinate system are obtained. Some numerical results of these equations applied to the analysis of an electron-beam scanning flat cathode ray tube are given.
OBSERVATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC MICROFIELD BY DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTION FROM ELECTRON HOLOGRAMS
Authors: XIAO TI-QIAO  , XU HONG-JIE  , ZHANG YING-JI  , CHEN JIAN-WEN  , XU ZHI-ZHAN  ,   (1)中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所，上海  201800; (2)中国科学院上海原子核研究所，上海  201800
Published: November 2020

Electric microfields inside or outside charged latex particles(0.31μm) and fine structure of magnetic domains in a permalloy film,are investigated by digital reconstruction from electron holograms.Resolution is improved by means of noise-filtering and phase-difference-amplification.Some new results are reported.
POLYMER LUMINESCENCE AND EXCITON DISSOCIATION IN ELECTRIC FIELD
Authors: LI LEI  , RAO XUE-SONG  , SUN XIN  , FU ROU-LI  , CHU JUN-HAO  , ZHANG ZHI-LIN  ,   (1)复旦大学李政道物理学综合实验室和物理系，上海  200433; (2)上海大学嘉定分校，材料科学院，上海  201800; (3)中国科学院上海技术物理研究所红外物理国家重点实验室，上海  200083
Published: November 2020

The effect of electric field on the luminescence and exciton in polymer is studied in two aspects: 1. In strong electric field, the exciton is dissociated into a pair of positive and negative polarons. This dissociation can quantitatively indicate the electric-field-induced luminescence quenching in electroluminescent polymer m-LPPP observed recently. 2. The π　electrons in polymer possess delocalization, they are easily polarized. It is shown that the exciton in polymer has huge polarizability, which is 103 times larger than that of hydrogen atoms.
OPTICAL ABSORPTION STUDY OF EMBEDDED InP CLUSTER
Authors: ZHAO ZI-QIANG  , WEI LUN-CUN  , LU XI-TING  ,   北京大学技术物理系，重离子物理研究所，北京  100871
Published: November 2020

By using co-evaporating semiconductor and insulator media,InP∶CaF2 films were prepared.Inp was embedded in CaF2 in the form of clusters,whose size could be controlled by gas pressure and evaporating electric current.Transmission electron micrographs showed that the structure of InP cluster was polycrystalline.And the cluster size is about 10nm.We studied linear optical absorption of this kind of films.Quantum effect was observed clearly.With decreasing cluster size,the blue shift of the absorption edge was found.
POSITRON ANNIHILATION TIME STUDY OF DEFECTS IN Hg1-xCdxTe SINGLE CRYSTALS
Authors: LI LI-JUN  , WANG ZUO-XIN  , WU JIN-LEI  ,   (1)北京大学电子学系，北京  100871; (2)华北光电技术研究所，北京  100015
Published: November 2020

We have studied the vacancy type defects of the HgCdTe crystals by using positron annihilation time technique.Samples grown by Te solution method accommodate a large amount of Hg vacancies,no matter what kind of conducting type(n type or p type) they are.By suitable annealling process the as-grown p-type samples can be turned into n-type,and the traping of the positrons decreased(the positron annihilation time decreases by 14—17ps).If the samples are annealled at higher temperatrue,the positron annihilation time will increase.This indicates that the Hg vacancies are increased.The bulk time of the positron annihilation in HgCdTe we obtained in this experiment is 272ps.According to the positron annihilation time and the electric parameters of the samples,we obtain the appropriate annealling temperature is 180—220℃.
INFLUENCE OF RELAXATION ON THE SURFACE ELECTRONIC STATES OF ZnTe(110)
Authors: MA BING-XIAN  , JIA YU  , FAN XI-QING  ,   郑州大学物理工程学院，郑州  450052
Published: November 2020

The results of a theoretical study of the electronic structure of the Ⅱ-Ⅵ compound ZnTe are presented. The bulk electronic structure is described by the nearest neighbor tight binding formalism. Using the scattering theory method, we have obtained wavevector-resolved surface densities of states and the surface band structure. There are no surface states in the gap. Surface states and resonances in the valence band and conduction band regions show resemblance with those of relaxed(110) surface of Ⅲ-Ⅴ compounds and the Ⅱ-Ⅵ compounds. The results are in good agreement with other theoretical studies.
THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF THE HUGONIOT CURVES FOR LIQUID DEUTERIUM AND HYDROGEN
Authors: CHEN QI-FENG  , CAI LING-CANG  , JING FU-QIAN  , CHEN DONG-QUAN  ,   (1)北京应用物理与计算数学研究所，北京  100088; (2)中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所冲击波物理与爆轰物理实验室，成都  610003
Published: November 2020

The shock-compression properties of liquid deuterium and hydrogen are studied by means of the variational fluid perturbation theory- The present theoretical results are in excellent agreement with RRY theory and Nellis'experimental data- The present calculation for the shock temperatures are higher than Holmes' experimental data, the reason for the apparent agreement of the pressures and for the higher shock tempratures are explained-
THE COUPLING OF OPTICAL AND SIZE POLYDISPERSITIES BY DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING
Authors: ZHANG YI-XIN  , XU QIANG  ,   无锡轻工业大学机械系,无锡  214036
Published: November 2020

We study the detection theory of polydispersities for dilute suspension of optical and size polydisperse spherical particles， for which the Rayleigh-Gans-Debye (RGD) approximation is valid.To develop the theory a concentric core-shell hard sphere model is adopted,in which particles possess a continuous variation in the core size and shell thickness,the latter is directly proportional to the radius of core,thus giving rise to a distribution in the particle refractive indices.We assume the shell thickness to be L=αR,where αm(K) is derived. We analyse the dependence of the average scattered intensity I(q) and the effective diffusion coefficient De(q) which is obtained from the first cumulant measured by dynamic light scattering in the case that the refractive index of the solvent and that of the shell are matched,i.e.,nm=ns, on the scattering vector q.A linear relation between the extreme point of the effective diffusion coefficient and the polydispersity δ is obtained, which gives a method to detect the small size polydispersities of a disperse system.
COUPLED-SOLITON FOR THE HELIX CHAIN MODEL OF THE ALPHA-HELIX PROTEIN
Authors: YAN XUN-LING  , DONG RUI-XIN  , WANG BO-YUN  ,   山东省聊城师范学院物理系，聊城  252059
Published: November 2020

The coupled soliton solutions of nonlinear Schrdinger equations for describing the alpha-helix protein are obtained, and their physical meaning is discussed.
STRONG HYPERFINE SPECTRA OF 127I2 AT 633nm AND FREQUENCY STABILIZED TUNABLE DIODE LASER
Authors: ZHANG KE-MING  , CHEN XU-ZONG  , ZANG ER-JUN  , YOSHIAKI AKIMOTO  , TAKESHI KASAHARA  , KATSUHIRA SAKAMOTO  , HAJIME INABA  ,   (1)北京大学电子学系,北京 100871; (2)通商产业省工业技术院计量研究所,茨城县，筑波市305,日本; (3)中国计量科学院,北京 100013
Published: November 2020

In this paper, five groups of stronger hyperfine transitions of iodine molecule (127I2) are reported, which are to our knowledge first observed by us. Frequency separations and relative intensities of each transition are calculated. The calculated results and the observed values match very well. With the calculated results, we assigned the vib-rotational bands of each transition. Because the intensities of the newly observed transitions are hundreds of times stronger than transition R(127)11-5, which is applied to frequency-stabilized He-Ne laser, we use them as reference lines of iodine frequency stabilized tunable diode laser and get an output laser 3mW. This kind of frequency-stabilized diode laser may become a new kind of frequency standard.
ATTOSECOND LIGHT PULSE GENERATION IN A STRONGLY DRIVEN TWO-LEVEL ATOM
Authors: WANG ZHONG-YANG  , GONG SHANG-QING  , XU ZHI-ZHAN  ,   中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所，上海 201800
Published: November 2020

In this paper we investigate the phase coherence of hyper-Raman lines in strongly driven two-level systems, and find that when the coherent superposition of excited and ground states is preparated, the high-order harmonics will disappear and the remainder of hyper-Raman lines in the emitted specturm are highly correlated. If the corresponding amplitude and phase of the hyper-Raman lines are selected, a train of subfemtosecond pulses will be generated.
Bi-unitary multiperfect numbers, IV(a)
Authors:   Tampere University, Finland, Haukkanen Pentti , Sitaramaiah Varanasi
Published: November 2020

A divisor d of a positive integer n is called a unitary divisor if \gcd(d, n/d)=1; and d is called a bi-unitary divisor of n if the greatest common unitary divisor of d and n/d is unity. The concept of a bi-unitary divisor is due to D. Surynarayana (1972). Let \sigma^{**}(n) denote the sum of the bi-unitary divisors of n. A positive integer n is called a bi-unitary multiperfect number if \sigma^{**}(n)=kn for some k \geq 3. For k=3 we obtain the bi-unitary triperfect numbers. Peter Hagis (1987) proved that there are no odd bi-unitary multiperfect numbers. The present paper is Part IV(a) in a series of papers on even bi-unitary multiperfect numbers. In parts I, II and III we found all bi-unitary triperfect numbers of the form n=2^{a}u, where 1\leq a \leq 6 and u is odd. There exist exactly ten such numbers. In this part we solve partly the case a=7. We prove that if n is a bi-unitary triperfect number of the form n=2^{7}.5^{b}.17^{c}.v, where (v, 2.5.17)=1, then b\geq 2. We then confine ourselves to the case b=2. We prove that in this case we have c=1 and further show that n=2^{7}.3^{2}.5^{2}.7.13.17=44553600 is the only bi-unitary triperfect number of this form.
The United States-China Trade War: Empirical Assessment
Authors: Ovuakporaye Victor Adjarho
Published: November 2020

This paper aims to explore the US-China trade war by looking at various issues surrounding the US-China trade relation. The US-China trade war had been imminent since January 2018, meritoriously commenced on 6 July 2018, which is still ongoing. The US imposed sanctions on various Chinese goods, which was counter by the Chinese side also. Both side have felt the effect of the trade war though China felt the impact more than United States. Though, both nations have recently held positive trade talks which leads to the first phase of negotiation the trade war is still ongoing. If the partnership between the United states and China collapses, this will also end up harming the global economy severely since they are crucial cornerstones of the international economy.
Circadian Rheb oscillation alters the dynamics of hepatic mTORC1 activity and mitochondrial morphology
Authors: Yuan Qiuyun , Chen Mina , Yang Wanchun , Xiao Bo
Published: November 2020

The morphological structure and metabolic activity of mitochondria are coordinately regulated by circadian mechanisms. However, the mechanistic interplay between circadian mechanisms and mitochondrial architecture remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate circadian rhythmicity of Rheb protein in liver, in line with that of Per2. Using genetic mouse models, we show that Rheb, a small GTPase that binds mTOR, is critical for circadian oscillation of mTORC1 activity in liver. Disruption of Rheb oscillation in hepatocytes by persistent expression of Rheb transgene interrupted mTORC1 oscillation. We further show that Rheb‐regulated mTORC1 altered mitochondrial fission factor DRP1 in liver, leading to altered mitochondrial dynamics. Our results suggest that Rheb/mTORC1 regulated DRP1 oscillation involves ubiquitin‐mediated proteolysis. This study identifies Rheb as a nodal point that couples circadian clock and mitochondrial architecture for optimal mitochondrial metabolism.
The p75NTR and its carboxyl‐terminal fragment exert opposing effects on melanoma cell proliferation and apoptosis via modulation of the NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhong Maojiao , Wang Yingying , Muhammad Farrukh Nisar , Gao Jing , Bian Chunxiang
Published: November 2020

The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of receptors, is sensitive to proteolysis and has been observed to be expressed in various cancers. However, the roles of p75NTR and its proteolytic fragments in tumorigenesis remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that the proportion of the p75NTR carboxyl‐terminal fragment (p75NTR‐CTF) is much higher than that of the full‐length p75NTR (p75NTR‐FL) in melanoma cells. Whereas p75NTR‐FL positively regulates apoptosis, p75NTR‐CTF promotes cell proliferation and survival, as well as increasing sorafenib resistance in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, p75NTR‐CTF activates the nuclear factor kappa B pathway and enhances the mRNA and protein levels of its downstream genes c‐IAP1/2, FLIP, bFGF, IL8 and VEGF. On the contrary, p75NTR‐FL inhibits these processes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that p75NTR‐CTF and p75NTR‐FL have opposing functions in melanoma cells, suggesting that the ratio of the two proteins affects the balance between cell death and survival. The presence of distinct p75NTR proteolytic fragments may affect biological outcomes in tumor cells.
The Hepatitis C virus NS5A and core proteins exert antagonistic effects on HAMP gene expression: the hidden interplay with the MTF‐1/MRE pathway
Authors: Dimitriadis Alexios , Foka Pelagia , Kyratzopoulou Eleni , Karamichali Eirini , Petroulia Stavroula , Tsitoura Panagiota , Kakkanas Athanasios , Eliadis Petros , Georgopoulou Urania , Mamalaki Avgi
Published: November 2020

Hepcidin, a 25‐amino acid peptide encoded by the HAMP gene and produced mainly by hepatocytes and macrophages, is a mediator of innate immunity and the central iron‐regulatory hormone. Circulating hepcidin controls iron efflux by inducing degradation of the cellular iron exporter ferroportin. HCV infection is associated with hepatic iron overload and elevated serum iron, which correlate with poor antiviral responses. The HCV nonstructural NS5A protein is known to function in multiple aspects of the HCV life cycle, probably exerting its activity in concert with cellular factor(s). In this study, we attempted to delineate the effect of HCV NS5A on HAMP gene expression. We observed that transient transfection of hepatoma cell lines with HCV NS5A resulted in down‐regulation of HAMP promoter activity. A similar effect was evident after transduction of Huh7 cells with a recombinant baculovirus vector expressing NS5A protein. We proceeded to construct an NS5A‐expressing stable cell line, which also exhibited down‐regulation of HAMP gene promoter activity and significant reduction of HAMP mRNA and hepcidin protein levels. Concurrent expression of HCV core protein, a well‐characterized hepcidin inducer, revealed antagonism between those two proteins for hepcidin regulation. In attempting to identify the pathways involved in NS5A‐driven reduction of hepcidin levels, we ruled out any NS5A‐induced alterations in the expression of the well‐known hepcidin inducers SMAD4 and STAT3. Further analysis linked the abundance of intracellular zinc ions and the deregulation of the MTF‐1/MRE/hepcidin axis with the observed phenomenon. This effect could be associated with distinct phases in HCV life cycle.
Is the methodology used in reviews of restoration outcomes reliable? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Romanelli João Paulo , Boschi Raquel Stucchi , de Almeida Danilo Roberti Alves , Rodrigues Ricardo Ribeiro
Published: November 2020

1. Over the past decades, evidence‐based research has become increasingly important in restoration ecology. Evidence synthesis can be a powerful tool to identify the most effective strategies to conserve and restore ecosystems. However, reviews in the environmental sector have been described as non‐systematic and exhibit a diverse range of approaches. While it is known that environmental syntheses can substantially improve in quality, the reliability of restoration reviews (i.e. the level of confidence an end‐user may place in their methodology) remains poorly known.

2. Given the importance of literature reviews of restoration practice and outcomes for informing management and policy, as well as research, this systematic map protocol aims to scrutinize the peer‐reviewed literature for an assessment of the methodological reliability and reproducibility of restoration reviews. We will use bibliographic databases and search engines to collect studies published in peer‐reviewed journals dealing with the ecological restoration of terrestrial ecosystems.

3. Through a scoping exercise, a search string was developed which was based on a previously prepared test list. The search string was then tested for validity with one independent reference list. After searching, the screening process will be done on the title, abstract and full‐text level and consistency checking will be done on a random subsample by a second assessor, with decisions being compared using the kappa test of agreement. After retrieving studies and checking for relevance to the synthesis, we will appraise the methodological reliability of restoration reviews by applying the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence Assessment Tool – CEESAT. Lastly, we will collect bibliometric information to qualitatively describe the retrieved body of literature, and then key trends in data will be synthesized according to a range of generic questions.

4. To conduct the resulting review, we will follow the procedures specified in this protocol, considering guidelines from the Collaboration for Environmental Evidence and ROSES form. The resulting review will yield a useful overview of applying systematic reviews principles for various end users. At the same time, it will help restoration practitioners to identify critical points where restoration evidence syntheses must be improved to move forward.
Brain volumetric deficits in MAPT mutation carriers: a multisite study
Authors: Chu Stephanie A. , Flagan Taru M. , Staffaroni Adam M. , Jiskoot Lize C. , Deng Jersey , Spina Salvatore , Zhang Liwen , Sturm Virginia E. , Yokoyama Jennifer S. , Seeley William W. , Papma Janne M. , Geschwind Dan H. , Rosen Howard J. , Boeve Bradley F. , Boxer Adam L. , Heuer Hilary W. , Forsberg Leah K. , Brushaber Danielle E. , Grossman Murray , Coppola Giovanni , Dickerson Bradford C. , Bordelon Yvette M. , Faber Kelley , Feldman Howard H. , Fields Julie A. , Fong Jamie C. , Foroud Tatiana , Gavrilova Ralitza H. , Ghoshal Nupur , Graff‐Radford Neill R. , Hsiung Ging‐Yuek Robin , Huey Edward D. , Irwin David J. , Kantarci Kejal , Kaufer Daniel I. , Karydas Anna M. , Knopman David S. , Kornak John , Kramer Joel H. , Kukull Walter A. , Lapid Maria I. , Litvan Irene , Mackenzie Ian R.A. , Mendez Mario F. , Miller Bruce L. , Onyike Chiadi U. , Pantelyat Alexander Y. , Rademakers Rosa , Marisa Ramos Eliana , Roberson Erik D. , Carmela Tartaglia Maria , Tatton Nadine A. , Toga Arthur W. , Vetor Ashley , Weintraub Sandra , Wong Bonnie , Wszolek Zbigniew K. ,   the ARTFL/LEFFTDS Consortium, Van Swieten John C. , Lee Suzee E.
Published: November 2020

Objective

MAPT mutations typically cause behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia with or without parkinsonism. Previous studies have shown that symptomatic MAPT mutation carriers have frontotemporal atrophy, yet studies have shown mixed results as to whether presymptomatic carriers have low gray matter volumes. To elucidate whether presymptomatic carriers have lower structural brain volumes within regions atrophied during the symptomatic phase, we studied a large cohort of MAPT mutation carriers using a voxelwise approach.

Methods

We studied 22 symptomatic carriers (age 54.7 ± 9.1, 13 female) and 43 presymptomatic carriers (age 39.2 ± 10.4, 21 female). Symptomatic carriers’ clinical syndromes included: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (18), an amnestic dementia syndrome (2), Parkinson’s disease (1), and mild cognitive impairment (1). We performed voxel‐based morphometry on T1 images and assessed brain volumetrics by clinical subgroup, age, and mutation subtype.

Results

Symptomatic carriers showed gray matter atrophy in bilateral frontotemporal cortex, insula, and striatum, and white matter atrophy in bilateral corpus callosum and uncinate fasciculus. Approximately 20% of presymptomatic carriers had low gray matter volumes in bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, and lateral temporal cortex. Within these regions, low gray matter volumes emerged in a subset of presymptomatic carriers as early as their thirties. Low white matter volumes arose infrequently among presymptomatic carriers.

Interpretation

A subset of presymptomatic MAPT mutation carriers showed low volumes in mesial temporal lobe, the region ubiquitously atrophied in all symptomatic carriers. With each decade of age, an increasing percentage of presymptomatic carriers showed low mesial temporal volume, suggestive of early neurodegeneration.
A meta‐analytic review of the timing for disclosing evidence when interviewing suspects
Authors: Oleszkiewicz Simon , Watson Steven J.
Published: November 2020

This meta‐analytic review examines the most fundamental question for disclosing evidence during suspect interviews: What are the effective options for when to disclose the available evidence? We provide an update to Hartwig and colleagues (2014) meta‐analysis of the efficacy of the late and early disclosure methods on eliciting statement‐evidence inconsistencies from guilty and innocent suspects. We also extend these analyses to include studies comparing gradual disclosure to early and late disclosure when interviewing guilty suspects. Finally, we test whether a gradual disclosure leads to greater provision of novel investigative information when interviewing guilty suspects. Overall, we find that guilty suspects provide more statement‐evidence inconsistencies than innocent suspects, and that both a late and gradual disclosure result in more statement‐evidence inconsistencies than the early disclosure when interviewing guilty suspects. However, there are indications of small study effects that warrant considerable caution when interpreting the size of some of the identified effects.
Baselining affects the production of deceptive narratives
Authors: Tomas Frédéric , Dodier Olivier , Demarchi Samuel
Published: November 2020

Recent research shows that the quality of a baseline (i.e., the analysis of one's behavior in normal conditions) decreases when the second narrative is expected and deceitful. However, a first step would be to investigate whether the writing of a first narrative might influence the second, independently of its expectancy. In this study, we hypothesized that second narratives would be less detailed, especially if these narratives are deceptive. Participants (N = 71) were asked to narrate two consecutive truthful and deceptive narratives. The second narrative was unexpected, and the order of the narratives was counterbalanced. Results suggest a detrimental effect of deceptiveness and order on the frequency of details. Moreover, an interaction was observed, suggesting when narratives are written after a first one, the frequency of details decreases, all the more if they were deceptive. The results of this experiment are discussed from both a theoretical and an applied perspective.
The verifiability approach to deception detection: A preregistered direct replication of the information protocol condition of Nahari, Vrij, and Fisher (2014b)
Authors: Verschuere Bruno , Schutte Manon , van Opzeeland Sharon , Kool Ilona
Published: November 2020

Nahari, Vrij, and Fischer [(2014b), Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28, 122–128] found that, when participants were forewarned that their statements would be checked for verifiable details, truth tellers gave much more verifiable details than liars. In this direct replication (n = 72), participants wrote a statement claiming they had carried out their regular campus activities, whereas liars had actually stolen an exam. Statements were coded for verifiable details. Our primary prediction was confirmed: Truth tellers provided significantly more verifiable details than liars. Of note, the replication effect size (d = 0.49) was less than half that of the original (d = 1.14), and – like in the original study – was smaller than the lie‐truth effect size for total details (verifiable and unverifiable details combined; d = 0.80). We hope this will stimulate other independent investigations of VA to tell whether or not coding for verifiability will pass Ockham's razor test.
Long‐term results of a randomized controlled trial comparing neoadjuvant Adriamycin, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil vs docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐fluorouracil followed by surgery for esophageal cancer (OGSG1003)
Authors: Sugimura Keijiro , Yamasaki Makoto , Yasuda Takushi , Yano Masahiko , Hirao Motohiro , Fujitani Kazumasa , Kimura Yutaka , Miyata Hiroshi , Motoori Masaaki , Takeno Atsushi , Shiraishi Osamu , Makino Tomoki , Kii Takayuki , Tanaka Koji , Satoh Taro , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro
Published: November 2020

Aim

The aim is to report the long‐term outcomes of preoperative cisplatin and fluorouracil plus docetaxel (DCF) vs Adriamycin (ACF) for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Previously, this trial showed that DCF is associated with prolonged recurrence‐free survival (RFS).

Methods

Patients were randomly assigned to two cycles of ACF (35 mg/m2 of Adriamycin, 70 mg/m2 of cisplatin intravenously on day 1, and 700 mg/m2 of fluorouracil infusion for 7 days) every 4 weeks or DCF (70 mg/m2 of docetaxel, 70 mg/m2 of cisplatin intravenously on day 1, and 700 mg/m2 of fluorouracil infusion for 5 days) every 3 weeks, followed by surgery. The primary endpoint was RFS. The secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS).

Results

Between October 2011 and October 2013, 162 patients at 10 institutions were enrolled in the study, 162 of whom were eligible and randomly assigned to the two groups. The median follow‐up for surviving patients was 69.8 months. The 5‐year RFS was significantly better in the DCF group than in the ACF group (59.9% vs 40.7%, hazard ratio [HR] 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35‐0.86; P = .009) and the 5‐year OS was significantly better in the DCF group than in the ACF group (63.5% vs 49.4%, HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.38‐0.96; P = .03). The benefit of DCF chemotherapy on survival was significantly greater in the subgroups with more advanced clinical T and N stage.

Conclusions

Cisplatin and fluorouracil plus docetaxel are associated with better RFS and OS than ACF in resectable ESCC patients.
Loss of alpha‐globin genes in human subjects is associated with improved nitric oxide‐mediated vascular perfusion
Authors: Denton Christopher C. , Shah Payal , Suriany Silvie , Liu Honglei , Thuptimdang Wanwara , Sunwoo John , Chalacheva Patjanaporn , Veluswamy Saranya , Kato Roberta , Wood John C. , Detterich Jon A. , Khoo Michael C. K. , Coates Thomas D.
Published: November 2020

Alpha thalassemia is a hemoglobinopathy due to decreased production of the α‐globin protein from loss of up to four α‐globin genes, with one or two missing in the trait phenotype. Individuals with sickle cell disease who co‐inherit the loss of one or two α‐globin genes have been known to have reduced risk of morbid outcomes, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. While α‐globin gene deletions affect sickle red cell deformability, the α‐globin genes and protein are also present in the endothelial wall of human arterioles and participate in nitric oxide scavenging during vasoconstriction. Decreased production of α‐globin due to α‐thalassemia trait may thereby limit nitric oxide scavenging and promote vasodilation. To evaluate this potential mechanism, we performed flow‐mediated dilation and microvascular post‐occlusive reactive hyperemia in 27 human subjects (15 missing one or two α‐globin genes and 12 healthy controls). Flow‐mediated dilation was significantly higher in subjects with α‐trait after controlling for age (P = .0357), but microvascular perfusion was not different between groups. As none of the subjects had anemia or hemolysis, the improvement in vascular function could be attributed to the difference in α‐globin gene status. This may explain the beneficial effect of α‐globin gene loss in sickle cell disease and suggests that α‐globin gene status may play a role in other vascular diseases.
Missing the pathological expansion in Huntington disease: de novo c.51C>G variant on the expanded allele causing intrafamilial allele dropout
Authors: Magri Stefania , Nanetti Lorenzo , Mongelli Alessia , Rizzo Elena , Taroni Franco , Mariotti Caterina , Gellera Cinzia
Published: November 2020

Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by motor, behavioral, and cognitive symptoms, caused by the pathological expansion of more than 35 CAG/CAA repeats in the HTT gene. We describe the phenotype of a patient compatible with HD. Several family members were reported as affected, and a paternal cousin and his daughter carried 39 and 42 CAG/CAA. HD genetic testing in proband showed homozygosity for a 14 CAG/CAA allele. Considering the phenotype and family history, HTT gene sequence was performed, revealing heterozygosity for the c.51C>G variant that changes the last nucleotide before the CAG tract, causing misannealing of forward primer (HD344) and dropout of the expanded allele. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis performed with an alternative forward primer demonstrated a 41 CAG/CAA allele. The c.51C>G variant was not detected in the affected cousin, thus suggesting a de novo occurrence. The lack of biological samples from the proband father and grandmother prevented further investigations to establish in which family member the variant occurred. These data indicate that patients presenting HD phenotype, and homozygous for a normal HTT CAG/CAA allele should be thoroughly evaluated for the presence of a genetic variant, even de novo, within the repeat region that may hamper genetic diagnosis.
Mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly: An expansion of the phenotype via parental survey
Authors: Abell Katherine , Hopkin Robert J. , Bender Patricia L. , Jackson Farrah , Smallwood Kelly , Sullivan Bonnie , Stottmann Rolf W. , Saal Howard M. , Weaver K. Nicole
Published: November 2020

Mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly (MFDM) is due to haploinsufficiency of spliceosomal GTPase EFTUD2. Features include microcephaly, craniofacial dysmorphology, developmental disability, and other anomalies. We surveyed parents of individuals with MFDM to expand knowledge about health, development, and parental concerns. Participants included attendees of the inaugural MFDM family conference in June 2019 and members of the MFDM online group. To explore MFDM variable expressivity, we offered targeted Sanger sequencing for untested parents. Forty‐seven parents participated in the survey. 59% of individuals with MFDM were male, with mean age 6.4 years (range 8 months to 49 years). Similar to the literature (n = 123), common features include microcephaly, cleft palate, choanal stenosis, tracheoesophageal fistula, heart problems, and seizures. New information includes airway intervention details, age‐based developmental outcomes, rate of vision refractive errors, and lower incidences of prematurity and IUGR. Family concerns focused on development, communication, and increased support. Targeted Sanger sequencing for families of seven individuals demonstrated de novo variants, for a total of 91.9% de novo EFTUD2 variants (n = 34/37). This study reports the largest single cohort of individuals with MFDM, expands phenotypic spectrum and inheritance patterns, improves understanding of developmental outcomes and care needs, and identifies development as the biggest concern for parents.
Dysmorphism and major anomalies are a main predictor of survival in newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Mubungu Gerrye , Makay Prince , Lumaka Aimé , Mvuama Nono , Tshika Dahlie , Tady Bruno‐Paul , Biselele Thérèse , Roelants Mathieu , Tshilobo Prosper Lukusa , Devriendt Koenraad
Published: November 2020

In Central‐Africa, neonatal infections, asphyxia and prematurity are main reasons for admission to the neonatal intensive care unit and major determinants of newborn survival. Also, the outcome of newborns with congenital anomalies is expected to be poor, due to a lack of state‐of‐the art care. We conducted a study of 102 newborns recruited in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at the University Hospitals of Kinshasa, DR Congo, to assess the impact of congenital anomalies. The presence of a major anomaly was associated with a hazard ratio of death of 13.2 (95%CI: 3.7–46.7, p < .001). In addition, the presence of three or more minor anomalies was associated with a 4.5‐fold increased risk of death (95%CI: 1.1–18.6, p = .04). We conclude that like major anomalies, the presence of three or more minor anomalies should also be given particular attention and that the evaluation of dysmorphism should be promoted in NICU.
A de novo pathogenic BMP2 variant‐related phenotype with the novel finding of bicuspid aortic valve
Authors: Ahluwalia Neha , Gelb Bruce D.
Published: November 2020

A rare autosomal dominant syndrome with craniofacial dysmorphisms, skeletal abnormalities, short stature, and congenital heart defects has recently been described, associated with monoallelic truncating and frameshift bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) variants and deletions. We describe a patient harboring a novel de novo BMP2 nonsense variant, who exhibited craniofacial and skeletal features previously described for this trait and the novel findings of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and aortic root and ascending aortic aneurysm. This first instance of aortic valve involvement provides another potential cause of BAV and confirms the role of BMP2 in left ventricular outflow development.
Dimorphism in dental tissues: Sex differences in archaeological individuals for multiple tooth types
Authors: Fernée Christianne , Zakrzewski Sonia , Robson Brown Kate
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Dimorphism in the dentition has been observed in human populations worldwide. However, research has largely focused on traditional linear crown measurements. As imaging systems, such as micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT), become increasingly more accessible, new dental measurements such as dental tissue size and proportions can be obtained. This research investigates the variation of dental tissues and proportions by sex in archaeological samples.

Materials and Methods

Upper and lower first incisor to second premolar tooth rows were obtained from 30 individuals (n = 300), from 3 archaeological samples. The teeth were micro‐CT scanned and surface area and volumetric measurements were obtained from the surface meshes extracted. Dental wear was also recorded and differences between sexes determined.

Results

Enamel and crown measurements were found to be larger in females. Conversely, dentine and root measurements were larger in males.

Discussion

The findings support the potential use of dental tissues to estimate sex of individuals from archaeological samples, while also indicating that individuals aged using current dental aging methods may be underaged or overaged due to sex differences in enamel thickness.
Economic access influences degenerative spine disease outcomes at rural Late Medieval Villamagna (Lazio,IT)
Authors: Kinkopf Katherine M. , Agarwal Sabrina C. , Goodson Caroline , Beauchesne Patrick D. , Trombley Trent M. , Candilio Francesca , Rubini Mauro , Coppa Alfredo
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Degenerative joint disease in the spine is heavily influenced by genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors, as well as exacerbated by physical activity and injury. The objective of this study was to investigate the multivariate relationship between known predictors of degenerative joint disease in the spine, such as age and sex, with mortuary indicators of economic access such as grave inclusions, burial location, and burial type.

Materials and Methods

The presence and severity of vertebral osteophytosis (VO) and vertebral osteoarthritis (VOA) was recorded for the vertebral columns ofN= 106 adult individuals from the Late Medieval period at the rural monastery of San Pietro at Villamagna in Lazio, Italy (1300–1450 AD). Multiple skeletal indicators of degenerative joint disease, morphological sex, and age were compared with differences in mortuary treatment across four regions of the spine.

Results

There are marked differences in severe joint disease outcome between groups with more and less economic access. Relative risk ratios suggest that males and females with less economic access have elevated risk for VO and VOA in specific spine regions, although this effect is reduced among females.

Discussion

Current research on the consequences of economic and social inequality point to the important role of economic inequality in shaping disease outcomes. Our results suggest that biocultural effects of reduced economic access at the intraclass level may increase vulnerability to the downstream effects of risk exposure (e.g., biomechanical injure, physical activity, biochemical imbalance), and ultimately increase the risk and prevalence for severe degenerative disease outcomes in medieval Italy.
Exploring a Fatigue‐Free Layered Hybrid Perovskite Ferroelectric for Photovoltaic Non‐Volatile Memories
Authors: Yao Yunpeng , Peng Yu , Li Lina , Zhang Xinyuan , Liu Xitao , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua
Published: November 2020

Through a functional unit‐transmutation strategy, a fatigue‐free layered hybrid perovskite ferroelectric (C6H5CH2NH3)2CsPb2Br7 (BCPB) has been developed, which demonstrates stable spontaneous polarization (Ps) of 6.5 μC cm−2 and high Curie temperature up to 425 K. Meanwhile, BCPB shows splendid bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) properties with noticeable zero‐bias photocurrent density (5 μA cm−2), and high on/off switching ratio of current (over 3×105); these merits even overmatch the most known ferroelectric semiconductor BiFeO3. The unique structure with self‐regulated net electrical charged layers gives rise to the fatigue‐free feature of Ps and BPVE (no significant fatigue after 108 polarity switching cycles), promoting the potential applications of BCPB in photovoltaic non‐volatile memories. This work offers an efficient approach for exploring fatigue‐free semiconducting ferroelectrics as well as excavates their further applications in next‐generation electronic devices.
Hierarchical Self‐assembly of Discrete Metal–Organic Cages into Supramolecular Nanoparticles for Intracellular Protein Delivery
Authors: Liu Ji , Luo Tianli , Xue Yifei , Mao Lanqun , Stang Peter J. , Wang Ming
Published: November 2020

Hierarchical self‐assembly (HAS) is a powerful approach to create supramolecular nanostructures for biomedical applications. This potency, however, is generally challenged by the difficulty of controlling the HAS of biomacromolecules and the functionality of resulted HAS nanostructures. Herein, we report a modular approach for controlling the HAS of discrete metal–organic cages (MOC) into supramolecular nanoparticles, and its potential for intracellular protein delivery and cell‐fate specification. The hierarchical coordination‐driven self‐assembly of adamantane‐functionalized M12L24 MOC (Ada‐MOC) and the host–guest interaction of Ada‐MOC with β‐cyclodextrin‐conjugated polyethylenimine (PEI‐βCD) afford supramolecular nanoparticles in a controllable manner. HAS maintains high efficiency and orthogonality in the presence of protein, enabling the encapsulation of protein into the nanoparticles for intracellular protein delivery for therapeutic application and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing.