bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODELING OF HEAT TRANSFER IN A POROUS TURBINE BEARING COOLING SYSTEM
Authors: Genbach A. A. , Baibekova V. O.
Published: July 2018

A new porous cooling system in which the coolant supply is produced by the combined action of capillary and gravitational forces is proposed and studied for various technical devices and systems developed by the authors. The cooling surface is made of stainless steel, brass, copper, bronze, nickel, glass and alundum. The wall thickness is (0.05–2.00) ∙ 10⁻³m. Visual observations were carried out by using high-speed camera filming with the use of SCS-1M. Experiments were carried out with water at pressures ranging between 0.01–10.00 MPa, under-heating to 0–20 K, excess liquid of 1–14 of steam flow, thermal load of (1–60) ∙ 104  W/m², temperature pressure of 1–60 K and the system orientation of ±(0–90) degrees. Studies carried out on a model plant has identified two areas of the process of vaporization of the liquid and an influence of operating and design characteristics. The optimal coolant flow and the most effective form of reticulated porous structure are identified. Visual observations have made it possible to describe the physical picture of the processes and to generalize experimental data on the removed heat flows with an accuracy of ±20 % depending on the thermophysical properties of the fluid, wall, temperature difference, excess fluid, porous structures and heat exchange interface.
ON THE MANAGEMENT OF URBAN ELECTRIC NETWORKS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SMART GRID
Authors: Fursanov M. А. , Zalotoy A. A.
Published: July 2018

The issues of prospective operation of the city electric networks in the conditions of the MART GRID, which will be quite different as compared to the traditional understanding and approaches, are under consideration. This requires the selection and application of appropriate analytical criteria and approaches to assessment, analysis and control of the networks. With this regard the following criteria are recommended: in a particular case – the optimal (minimal) technological electric power consumption (losses), while in general – economically reasonable (minimal) cost value of electric power transmission. It should be also borne in mind that contemporary urban networks are actively saturated with distributed sources of small generation that have radically changed the structure of electrical networks; therefore, account for such sources is an absolutely necessary objective of management regimes of urban electric networks, both traditional and in associated with the SMART GRID. A case of the analysis and control of urban electric 10 kV networks with distributed small sources of generation has been developed and presented according to the theoretical criterion of minimum relative active power losses in the circuit as a control case. The conducted research makes it possible to determine the magnitude of the tolerance network mode from the point of the theoretical minimum.
DETERMINING HEAT TRANSMISSION RESISTANCE OF ENCLOSING STRUCTURES
Authors: Khroustalev B. M. , Sizov V. D.
Published: July 2018

Fulfillment of the activities aimed to an increase of the thermal resistance of enclosing structures requires the determination of their thermophysical characteristics with the use of the determination method based on the solution of problems of heat conduction, establishing the con- nection between the spatial and temporal temperature changes under the effect of heat source. This work uses the solution of the problem under nonstationary heating of the enclosing structure in the form of unrestricted plate with boundary conditions of the III kind. According to the known relations and graphs alterations in surface temperature depending on warm-up time, on thermal resistance of constructions and on arguments of Fo and Bi, i. e. initial and boundary conditions are determined. The graphic dependencies that have been obtained show that the surface temperature depends on the thermal resistance, while the temperature at the opposite surface during heat expo- sure remains practically unchanged during t = 5 h. Thus, if the outside air temperature is altered, then the rate of change of surface temperature or relative temperature q make it possible to deter- mine the thermophysical characteristics by solving the inverse problem of thermal conductivity with the use of the converted ratio to determine R as a function R = f(q, t). If the constructed graphic dependencies R = f(q, t) are used at different heat transfer coefficients, then according to the measured temperatures at different time intervals it is possible to determine thermal resistance in the same time intervals and, according to their average value, determine the required resistance to heat transfer R. The estimated ratio of analytical and graphic dependencies that we have obtained demonstrate the adequacy of the conducted full-scale measurements, if the areas with homogeneous temperature field and temperature history are chosen, and they can be used in determining the heat resistance of the enclosing structure in the form of unrestricted plate with boundary conditions of the III kind.
Towards Determination of Inductive Resistances of Single-Core Cables with Voltage of up to 1 kV Insulated by Cross-Linked Polyethylene
Authors: Radkevich V. N. , Stalovich V. V. , Alekhnovich D. S.
Published: July 2018

To calculate short-circuit currents, voltage losses and reactive power in electrical networks, information on inductive resistances of cable lines is required. In the technical literature there are no exact parameters of single-core cables with voltage of up to 1 kV insulated by crosslinked polyethylene. This results in inaccuracies in the calculations of modes of electrical networks. The article considers the issues of determining the inductance and inductive resistance of power lines up with voltage of up to 1 kV made of single-core cables and insulated by crosslinked polyethylene. The analysis of formulas for determining the inductance given in different literature sources was fulfilled, that demonstrated a significant difference in the numerical values of the obtained calculation results. The formula that provides more reliable calculations of the inductance of the cable lines was identified. The influence of the permissible increase in the thickness of the insulation and the sheath of a single-core cable with voltage of up to 1 kV covered with cross-linked polyethylene on the inductive resistance was determined. The inductance and inductive resistance of single-core cables were calculated when the cables were arranged along the vertices of an equilateral and right-angle triangle, as well as in one plane. It was shown that the specific inductances and inductive resistances are 1.7–1.8 times greater in the plane with the distance between adjacent cables equal to the outer diameter of the cable than in the location is close to the triangle. When the cross sections of conductive cores are large and installations are multi-ampere, there is a surface effect and proximity effect, due to which the magnetic field intensity inside the core and its inductance decrease. Inductivities and inductive resistances of singlecore cables with voltage up to 1 kV were determined taking into account the influence of the surface effect and the proximity effect. The calculations that we performed have shown that the nonconsideration of the above-mentioned effects leads to significant errors in the determination of inductive resistances. The influence of one-core cables of armor made of steel tapes on inductive resistances is considered. An illustrative example shows that the inductive resistance of an armored cable with a cross-section area of the current-conducting core equal to 800 mm2 is about twice as large as the unarmored one. The use of single-core cables in three-phase electrical networks, armored with steel straps, ought to be prohibited by regulatory documents, since such cables dramatically worsen the efficiency of power supply systems.
DEVELOPMENT OF HEAT-INSULATING COATINGS FOR DIE MOULD OF LOW-PRESSURE CASTING
Authors: Kosovich A. A. , Gilmanshina T. R. , Bogdanova T. A. , Partyko E. G. , Kritsky D. Yu.
Published: July 2018

Influence of heat-insulating release coatings on quality of light-alloy wheels is considered. Comparison of properties of the developed compositions and foreign analogues is carried out. Computer simulation of wheel casting by low pressure method in the painted die mould is executed. Results of approbation of the developed composition under the conditions of existing industry are presented.
OLAP TECHNOLOGY AS DECISION-MAKING SUPPORT TOOL
Authors: Akushko D. V.
Published: July 2018

The present article discloses the basic principles of work with OLAP technologies, shows key features in comparison with traditional systems of the reporting. The simplified structure of an OLAP cube for the analysis of cost of products of the steelsmelting shop is considered.
EVALUATION OF METALLIC MATERIALS PLASTICITY BY DYNAMIC INDENTATION METHOD
Authors: Rudnitsky V. A. , Kren A. P. , Lantsman G. A.
Published: July 2018

The method of plasticity test of metallic materials realized by means of a dynamic dimpling of material by a spherical tip is offered. The measured value of plasticity is defined by a ratio of plastic and complete deformations in the formed indentation which considers influence of an elastic modulus of material. The dependence connecting plasticity and dynamic hardness of materials is received. Experiments on metals from 70 to 380 GPA having an elastic modulus and hardness up to 62 HRC are made.
THE ORGANIZATION OF INTERLABORATORY COLLATING TESTS IN THE CENTRAL FACTORY LABORATORY OF THE OJSC «BSW – MANAGEMENT COMPANY OF HOLDING «BMC»
Authors: Voronina G. N.
Published: July 2018

The testing laboratory is obliged to plan and realize the actions guaranteeing quality of the carried-out tests. The main directions of this work are:

• participation in programs of check of qualification (interlaboratory collating tests (ICT); • application of standard samples; • retests, encoded tests, check by other test method; • statistical control methods.

But at the same time it is necessary to use and analyze all sources allowing to estimate quality of the carried-out tests. Such sources could be responses of consumers of production; tests, the procedures of certification of production which are carried out in independent laboratory when carrying out; the ICT organized by both the consumer, and testing laboratory.
OPTIMIZATION OF TEMPERATURE HARDENING FOR IMPROVING THE HEAT RESISTANCE OF TOOL STEEL 4Х5MФ1С IN VARIOUS WORKPIECES. PART 2. THE CHOICE OF THE MODE OF HARDENING STEEL 4Х5MФ1С TO INCREASE THE HARDNESS AND HEAT RESISTANCE AFTER TEMPERING
Authors: Fedulov V. N.
Published: July 2018

A new mode of heat treatment, including oil quenching from temperature 1150 °C with tempering at 500–650 °С for 1,5 hours was developed. The effect of increasing the level of hardening and the heat resistance is determined by more complete dissolution of the steel matrix, the coarsening of grains and morphology of the primary phase of the structure and as a result of high temperature heating and increasing of the number of secondary phases as a result of the tempering. The results of the work could be used in production of working parts is highly resourceful tool for heat forming.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE HYDRODYNAMICS OF GATING-FEEDING SYSTEMS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE USE OF NEURO NETWORKS METHODS OF CLASSIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Odarchenko I. B. , Zharanau V. A. , Prusenko I. N.
Published: July 2018

The method of optimizing the design of gating-feeding systems on the basis of the automated classification algorithm of technological complexity of the casting is presented.
THE ROLE OF REFRACTORY FILLER IN THE PROCESSES OF STRUCTURAL FORMATION OF CORE MIXTURES
Authors: Odarchenko I. B. , Prusenko I. N.
Published: July 2018

The results of research, computer simulation of the influence of the shape of the grain of sand on the formation of the strength of the core mixture are presented. An essential dependence of the strength of the core on the quality characteristics of the refractory filler is established.
ALUMINIUM BRONZE. NANOSTRUCTURAL PROCESSES OF MELTING AND MOULDING
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Stetsenko V. Yu.
Published: July 2018

It is shown that melting and molding of aluminum bronze are difficult physical and chemical processes. In them the major role is played by the centers of crystallization of dendrites of a a-phase, the a-phase nanocrystals dissolved and the adsorbed oxygen and hydrogen. The role of the modifying crystals of an intermetallid of ZrAl3 is reduced to reduction of concentration of the dissolved oxygen and hydrogen and an intensifi ation of process of coagulation of nanocrystals of a a-phase in the centers of crystallization of dendrites of a a-phase.
INVESTIGATION OF CARBON INFLUENCE IN CROMIUMIUM CAST IRONS FOR FORMING CASTINGS IN SAND AND COMBINED MOLDS
Authors: Marukovich E. I. , Iljushenko V. M. , Pumpur V. A. , Andrienko V. M.
Published: July 2018

The results of research to determine the influence of the amount of carbon in chromium cast irons on the formation of castings in sand and combined molds are described in the article. Experimental studies were carried out with casting samples from wearresistant cromium cast iron with different carbon contents. The microstructure of the obtained samples is presented, and its analysis is performed. Numerical studies have been carried out to evaluate the effect of the carbon content on the dynamics and kinetics of hardening of castings in sand and combined molds. The influence of the carbon content on the hardening process of cromium cast iron castings during foundry casting in sand and combined molds is established. The results of the research were used for the manufacture parts of crushing and grinding equipment.
INFLUENCE OF ALKALINE – EARTH METALS ON ANODIC BEHAVIOR OF ALLOY ССУЗ IN NEUTRAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE ELECTROLYTE NaCl
Authors: Ganiev I. N. , Niyezov O. Kh. , Mulloeva N. M. , Eshov B. B.
Published: July 2018

The anodic behavior of a lead-antimony alloy (3 wt% Sb) doped with alkaline-earth metals was investigated in potentiostatic method in the potentiodynamic mode at a potential sweep rate of 2 mV/s and it was shown that with an increase in the content of alkaline earth metals in the alloy (SSUZ), the potentials of free Corrosion and pitting are slightly shifted to the positive region. As the concentration of the chloride ion in the electrolyte increases, these potentials decrease. The current density of corrosion and, accordingly, the corrosion rate of alloys with an increase in the content of alkaline earth metals are reduced by 75–85%, and the concentration of chloride ion increases.

In transition from alloys with calcium to alloys with strontium, the corrosion rate of alloys increases by 20–30%, and to alloys with barium it decreases by 25–30%.
RECYCLING AND UTILIZATION OF FE-C METALLURGICAL WASTES
Authors: Maslov V. A. , Trofimova L. A. , Dan L. A.
Published: July 2018

The work offers a comprehensive analysis of the dispersed metallurgical Fe-C containing wastes. The possibility with the help of high-temperature processing of the wastes to obtain a material with unique electrical and magnetic properties was shown. The results of laboratory studies allowed to develop the general scheme of complex processing of disperse metallurgical Fe-C containing wastes and to create on this basis the experimental-industrial installation.
COLD MIXTURE OF INORGANIC BINDER: STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT (INORGANIC VS. ORGANIC)
Authors: Tkachenko S. S. , Kolodiy G. A. , Znamensky L. G. , Ermolenko A. A.
Published: July 2018

The technologies of molding from cold-hardening mixtures based on organic resins and inorganic metal phosphate binders are compared. The use of the latter is preferable for a number of technological indicators. Also, without additional investments, the problem of labor and environmental protection is completely solved.
CREATION OF OWN RAW-MATERIAL BASE FOR FOUNDRY PRODUCTION ON MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES
Authors: Rovin S. L. , Rovin L. E. , Kalinichenko A. S. , Dolgy L. P. , Sheinert V. A.
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of processing dispersed metal wastes, generated at machine-building enterprises. The proposed solution of the problem is recycling in rotary tilting furnaces (RTF) with the production of high-quality charge materials (charge ingots) or foundry alloys directly at the enterprises where these wastes are formed. The results of experimental meltings of gray iron in induction crucible furnace with the replacement of traditional charge materials with ingots, obtained from chips, scale, sludge, etc. in the RTF are presented.
EFFICIENCY UPGRADING IN UTILIZATION OF LIQUID-GLASS MIXTURES. PART 2. ELECTROPHYSICAL METHODS OF ACTION
Authors: Krutilin A. N. , Huminski Yu. Yu. , Kulbitskaya L. V.
Published: July 2018

The methods of electrophysical influence on the structure of silicate binders and liquid-glass mixtures to improve their properties are generalized. Methods of influence such as ultrasonic, magnetic, electric and electrohydraulic are considered. Of great interest are The possibilities of combining physical and chemical methods of modification of liquid glass are lucrative ones. Application of electrophysical methods of influence allows to reduce quantity of expensive and scarce binding materials, to increase labor productivity at mixed preparation sites and at production of forms and cores shops. The electrophysical methods allow to reduce duration of preparation of silicate binding materials.
POWER SCALING IN CONTINUOUS-WAVE YB:YAG MICROCHIP LASER FOR MEASURING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ivashko A. M. , Kisel V. E. , Kuleshov N. V.
Published: July 2018

Characteristics optimization of lasers used in different measuring systems is of great interest up to now. Diode-pumped microchip lasers is one of the most perspective ways for development of solid-state light sources with minimal size and weight together with low energy power consumption. Increasing of output power with good beam quality is rather difficult task for such type of lasers due to thermal effects in the gain crystal under high pump power.

The investigation results of continuous-wave longitudinally diode-pumped Yb:YAG microchip laser are presented. In the presented laser radiation from multiple pump laser diodes were focused into the separate zone in one gain crystal that provides simultaneous generation of multiple laser beams. The energy and spatial laser beam characteristics were investigated.

Influence of neighboring pumped regions on energy and spatial laser beams parameters both for separate and for sum laser output was observed. The dependences of laser output power from distance between neighboring pumped regions and their number were determined. Decreasing of laser output power was demonstrated with corresponding distance shortening between pumped regions and increasing their quantity with simultaneous improvement of laser beam quality.

Demonstrated mutual influence of neighboring pumped regions in the longitudinally diode pumped Yb:YAG microchip laser allow as to generate diffraction limited Gaussian beam with 2W of continuous-wave output power that 30 % higher than in case of one pumped zone.
INFLUENCE OF DYNAMIC MAGNETIZATION TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC-ACOUSTIC TRANSFORMATION WITH WAVEGUIDE CONTROL RODS
Authors: Zlobin D. V. , Volkova L. V.
Published: July 2018

The disadvantage of the electromagnetic-acoustic (EMA) method receiving ultrasonic waves are low efficiency. The traditional way to enhance its effectiveness is increase the bias field. The aim of the study was research the way to improve the efficiency of the EMA transformation, using a time-varying bias field.

The researches held with the help of a specially designed installation that allows the magnetization to be performed by a constant and alternating magnetic field (dynamic bias), synchronously with the passage of the received pulse. The object of the study were rods made of different grades of steel with a diameter of 4–6 mm, in which the symmetrical zero mode S0 of the rod wave was excited by the EMA method (in the frequency range of about 40 kHz). A comparative analysis of the amplitudes and form pulses of multiple reflections during static and dynamic reversal of magnetization and with a full cycle of magnetization reversal conducted.

The result of the efficiency measurements EMA reception during static and dynamic bias found a significant (up to 5 times) increase in the signal amplitude on the receiving transducer. Taking into account that the main contribution to the excitation mechanism and the reception mechanism made the magnetostrictive effect on low frecuncy, it can assumed that using a dynamic bias field is impacting significant on the effective mobility of magnetic domains (that is changes the dynamic magnetic susceptibility of the material). It is established that it is possible to monitor steel at lower values of the bias field, and, consequently, to reduce the mass dimensions of the magnetic system.

Thus, in the course of the researchers found of effect of dynamic bias and effect of dynamic bias increase acoustic pulse amplitude of the signal of the received EMA method. Using this method will improve the quality EMA testing by creating more efficient EMA transducer. Taking into account that the value of the detected effect depends significantly on the steel grade, we can assume its possible application in the methods of express analysis, estimation of structural and stressed states.
APPLICATION OF THE SPECTROMETRIC METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE DOSE RATE FOR CREATING CALIBRATION HIGHLY SENSITIVE INSTRUMENTS BASED ON SCINTILLATION DETECTION UNITS
Authors: Lukashevich R. V. , Fokov G. A.
Published: July 2018

Devices based on scintillation detector are highly sensitive to photon radiation and are widely used to measure the environment dose rate. Modernization of the measuring path to minimize the error in measuring the response of the detector to gamma radiation has already reached its technological ceiling and does not give the proper effect. More promising for this purpose are new methods of processing the obtained spectrometric information. The purpose of this work is the development of highly sensitive instruments based on scintillation detection units using a spectrometric method for calculating dose rate.

In this paper we consider the spectrometric method of dosimetry of gamma radiation based on the transformation of the measured instrumental spectrum. Using predetermined or measured functions of the detector response to the action of gamma radiation of a given energy and flux density, a certain function of the energy G(E) is determined. Using this function as the core of the integral transformation from the field to dose characteristic, it is possible to obtain the dose value directly from the current instrumentation spectrum. Applying the function G(E) to the energy distribution of the fluence of photon radiation in the environment, the total dose rate can be determined without information on the distribution of radioisotopes in the environment.

To determine G(E) by Monte-Carlo method instrumental response function of the scintillator detector to monoenergetic photon radiation sources as well as other characteristics are calculated. Then the whole full-scale energy range is divided into energy ranges for which the function G(E) is calculated using a linear interpolation.

Spectrometric method for dose calculation using the function G(E), which allows the use of scintillation detection units for a wide range of dosimetry applications is considered in the article. As well as describes the method of calculating this function by using Monte-Carlo methods and the features of its application. The results of the calculation function G(E) for the detection unit on the basis of NaI(Tl) detector (Ø40 mm, h = 40 mm) to use it as a comparator for kerma rate in the air certification of low intenseе photon radiation fields.
CONSIDERATION OF THE DESTABILIZING FACTORS INFLUENCE FOR INCREASING OF THE MEASUREMENTS ACCURACY OF A RANGEFINDER BASED ON STEREO IMAGES
Authors: Kozlov V. L.
Published: July 2018

The wide using of digital photography has led to significant progress in the development of the theory and methods of restoring the three-dimensional space picture on base of two-dimensional digital images. To solve the problem of increasing the measurements accuracy of such systems, it is necessary to take into account the influence of a number of destabilizing factors. The aim of this work was development of technique for accounting and compensating of destabilizing factors influence, such as the deviation from the horizontal position line of the stereo pair lens, the non-parallelism of the lenses optical axes, the mutual inclination of the photo detector matrices, and the distortion of the stereo camera optical system for increasing of the measurements accuracy of rangefinder based on the correlation analysis of the stereo image.

A software application has been developed for analyzing the optical distortions of serially produced lenses, which allows to visually demonstrate the distortions nature and to determine the polynomial coefficients for compensating of the optical distortion.It is obtained that for the Fujifilm FinePix Real 3D stereo camera the distortion of the digital image reaches ± 20–35 pixels at the edges of the photo detective matrix and is not the same for the first and second lenses. The difference in the optical distortion values is due to the unequal slope of the photo detector matrix to the optical axis of the objective. Compensating polynomials for the optical system distortions of the first and second lenses of the stereo camera are experimentally determined.

The range object expression from the stereo images taking into account the optical distortion compensation is obtained. It is shown for increasing of the measurements accuracy, the determining factor is not the absolute value of the lenses distortion, but the difference in the optical distortions of the stereo camera lenses, depending on the difference of the measured object coordinates of the on the photo detective matrices. Experimental studies of the developed technique for distortions compensation showed a decrease of the absolute measurements error more than by an order of magnitude at distances up to 100 m.
METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVE OF THE THERMAL INERTIA OF AIRCRAFT GAS TEMPERATURE SENSORS
Authors: Sabitov A. F. , Safina I. A.
Published: July 2018

The effectiveness of correction of the dynamic characteristics of gas temperature sensors in automatic control systems for the operation of aircraft gas turbine engines depends on the accuracy of the time constants of the sensors used from heat exchange conditions. The aim of this work was to develop a new method for determining the characteristic curves of the thermal inertia of gas temperature sensors.The new technique does not require finding the time constants of gas temperature sensors on the experimental transient characteristics. Characteristic curves for each time constant are defined as hyperbolic dependencies on the heat transfer coefficient of the gas temperature sensors sensing element with the gas flow. Parameters of hyperbolic dependencies are proposed to be established using two-dimensional regression analysis. For this purpose, special software has been developed in the Mathcad 14 and Mathcad 15. The software allows inputting the original data from the transient characteristics to the corresponding vectors or from tables in Excel format. It is shown that the transient characteristics in three-dimensional coordinates«time – heat transfer coefficient – the value of the transition characteristic» form a surface whose parameters are parameters of the desired hyperbolic dependencies.For a specific application of the technique, the regression functions for the dynamic characteristics of gas temperature sensors corresponding to the first and second orders are given. Analysis of the characteristic dependencies suggests that the proposed method more accurately establishes the dependence of the dynamic characteristics of aircraft gas temperature sensors on heat exchange conditions.It is shown that the algorithm of two-dimensional regression analysis realizes finding more accurate values of the parameters of the characteristic dependencies. The found parameters of the characteristic dependencies in a best way reach the surface of the chosen regression function at the same time to all the experimental transient characteristics.
SYSTEM OF STABILIZATION OF REACTIVE MAGNETRON SPUTTERING PROCESS
Authors: Burmakou A. P. , Kuleshov V. N. , Stoliarov A. V.
Published: July 2018

Film coatings today allow to create large number of diverse structures in electronics, microelectronics, optics, architecture and construction. Leading technologies in this area are magnetron deposition technologies. The problem of magnetron deposition methods is insufficient reproducibility of the composition and properties of coatings, caused by the instability of the parameters of a magnetron discharge in the presence of a reactive gas. There are stabilization systems that make it possible to make reproducible films, but all of them have a number of issues. The aim of the work was to develop a system for stabilizing the reactive magnetron sputtering process for film coating technologies that will eliminate the described shortcomings of existing systems.

The developed system of stabilization: automatic and cumulative of sensors, actuators, microcomputer with control software, as well as devices providing interaction of sensors and actuators with a microcomputer. The sensors of the system may be vacuum gauges or pressure sensors, discharge current and voltage sensors of sprays, optical sensors for recording spectral element processes, absorption of a plasma of a magnetron discharge. The actuators of the system are gas flowers, as well as valves. Number and type of sensors and actuators from existing technologies and requirements for ongoing processes. The control software allows to flexibly adjust the system (to form control loops, then to assign sensors and actuators in accordance and to choose control algorithms, to set parameters and operating modes of control loops). Thus, the developed system is adaptable to a wide range of process plants and processes.

System operability was confirmed by the process of magnetron deposition of a titanium oxide film. The deviation of the level of the sensor signals from the required values during the process did not exceed 3 %, which allows obtaining high-quality coatings.
ANALYSIS OF STRESS STATE IN UPPER LAYER OF ROAD CONCRETE PAVEMENT WITH TEMPERATURE ACTION
Authors: Pshembaev M. K. , Kovalev Ya. N. , Shevchuk L. I.
Published: July 2018

While being operated auto-road pavements are subjected to intensive mechanical impacts, ultraviolet ray irradiation, freeze-thaw temperatures, freezing and thawing, drying and moistening. Due to these actions various types of pavement distresses appear on the road pavement. The most significant and dangerous type of distresses is micro-cracks on the road surface. One of the main reasons for their formation is an action of weather and climatic factors that initiate large changes in temperature of coating surface and occurrence of large temperature gradients in the upper layer. In this context while designing and operating auto-roads it is rather essential to investigate a stress state in road surface which is caused by temperature action. Purpose of the described investigations is to determine permissible temperature gradients for cement-concrete pavements that exclude formation of micro-cracks on their surface and thickness of damaged surface layer. Calculations of road pavement have been carried out at various laws for temperature distribution in its depth. A finite difference method realized in PARUS software has been used for studying a stress state of cement-concrete auto-roads. Regularities for distribution of stresses in cement-concrete pavement of auto-roads have been obtained at various surface temperatures. Permissible temperature gradients in the upper pavement layer have been determined and thickness of the layer where micro-cracks are formed has been assessed in the paper. Strength criterion based on the process of micro-crack formation and development in the concrete has been used for calculations. Risk of micro-crack formation on the auto-road pavement depends on material strength, conditions of plate fixing and temperature gradients.
DETECTION OF REFLEXIVE SIGNS IN TOWN PLANNING SYSTEMS OF UKRAINE AND REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors: Smilka V. A.
Published: July 2018

As a city is a complex system, it complies with the principles pertaining to organization and management of systems. System analysis makes it possible to figure out the difference between managing systems (subject) from systems that are managed (object). There is a link between these system formations which unites them in a common system. Such relationship is a source of information for development of management action. Impact on the system is achieved through availability of influential means and data. Urban planning science represents a city as a complex of socio-economic, territorial-productive and demographic-ecological systems of the following type: “population” – “environment” – “activity”. “Environment” is thought of as a technical system with such synonyme notions as “urban planning system”, “anthropogenic environment”, “settlement system”. “Environment” has two components – territory and buildings. Ukrainian legislation determines that management of urban planning activities is carried out through developing urban planning documentation and carrying out urban planning monitoring. Results of the urban planning monitoring are taken into account while preparing urban planning documentation (introduction of amendments to it) and programs of socio-economic development. Thus, urban planning monitoring represents a management system of urban planning activity in the Ukraine. Legislation of the Republic of Belarus contains some provisions which regulate urban planning activity through urban development planning and zoning of territories; creation and maintenance of urban planning cadastre; control over development and implementation of urban planning, architectural and construction projects; implementation of state construction supervision. Data of the urban planning cadastre are taken into account in urban planning documentation. In comparison with the Ukraine management of the urban planning system in the Republic of Belarus is attached to the urban planning cadastre. The urban planning systems of the Ukraine and the Republic of Belarus are self-managed reflexive systems that organize their behavior with due account of not only the past experience but also due to possible impact of other system which is in interaction with it.
MODELING OF HIGH-SPEED EXTRUSION PROCESS FOR BIMETAL MILLING PICKS OF ROAD MILLING MACHINES IN DEFORM-3D SOFTWARE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kachanov I. V. , Shatalov I. M. , Roubchenya A. A.
Published: July 2018

Milling picks for road milling machine are considered as equipment which must meet the most stringent requirements associated with fatigue and static strength. Therefore, majority of modern milling picks are manufactured while using high-quality steels alloyed with manganese and chromium. In order to extend service life of the picks for the road milling machine they are supplemented with carbide inserts soldered to the head. In this connection, an application of high-speed hot extrusion technology which has already proved itself in a number of investigations as a highly efficient technology for obtaining precise billets for tools with increased mechanical properties, manufacture of road milling picks, is a very promising direction of the research. The aim of the research is to create a computer model for high-speed hot extrusion in order to intensify a process pertaining to development of technology for manufacturing bimetal picks for road milling machines and to compare the obtained results of modeling and experimental studies. A comparative analysis of the plastic flow in real and model samples has shown that the obtained models provide a qualitative and reliable picture of the plastic flow in the process of highspeed hot extrusion. Modeling in DEFORM-3D eliminates complicated calculations and significantly reduces a number of experimental studies while developing new technological processes.
CORRELATION OF PROPERTIES OF VITA-MEDIUM AND THEIR INTERPRETATIONS IN INTELLIGENT MODEL
Authors: Gulay A. V. , Zaitsev V. M. , Gulay V. A.
Published: July 2018

It is shown that the maximally full description of vita-medium with “the substantially sensor system” on the basis of expressed syntax properties implies introduction of complex assertions of experts built on elementary estimates. Natural conditions of determinacy and completeness are put on multiple models by corresponding to all sensor components which control vita-medium properties. The trueness of assertions by experts and inadequacy measure of vita-medium properties provision have been considered in the process of sensor control.

It is shown that thermodynamics ideas of informational processes can be used for the generalized description of vita-medium during sensor control of its properties. In order to find out thermodynamic regularities of the censor control procedure the series circuit of conversions is considered: object property – controlled parameter – feature distortion – generalized coordinate – information model. During the high precision control the information quantity is determined with the aid of relative precision logarithm, and in case of comparatively rough determination of vita-medium parameters it depends on the square of sensor control relative precision.

Reasons and consequences of distorted sensor images have been considered with the use of technical means of outlines of events and vita-medium properties provision. A contradictory, two-value character of impact on the process of control of extra technical means is shown, which are included between the controlled object and “the subjective sensor system”. Probability of provision of successful collection, procession, accumulation and renewal of information on vita-medium parameters with intelligent system means has been analyzed.
A SYNTHESIS METHOD OF BASIC TERNARY BENT-SQUARES BASED ON THE TRIAD SHIFT OPERATOR
Authors: Zhdanov O. N. , Sokolov A. V.
Published: July 2018

Practical application of advanced algebraic constructions in modern communication systems based on MC-CDMA (Multi Code Code Division Multiple Access) technology and in cryptography necessitates their further research. One of the most commonly used advanced algebraic construction is the binary bent-function having a uniform amplitude spectrum of the Walsh-Hadamard transform and, accordingly, having the maximal distance from the codewords of affine code. In addition to the binary bent-functions researchers are currently focuses on the development of synthesis methods of their many-valued analogues. In particular, one of the most effective methods for the synthesis of many-valued bent-functions is the method based on the Agievich bent-squares. In this paper, we developed a regular synthesis method of the ternary bent-squares on the basis of an arbitrary spectral vector and the regular operator of the triad shift. The classification of spectral vectors of lengths N = 3 and N = 9 is performed. On the basis of spectral classification more precise definition of many-valued bent-sequences is given, taking into account the existence of the phenomenon of many-valued bent-sequences for the length, determined by odd power of base. The paper results are valuable for practical use: the development of new constant amplitude codes for MC-CDMA technology, cryptographic primitives, data compression algorithms, signal structures, algorithms of block and stream encryption, based on advanced principles of many-valued logic. The developed bent-squares design method is also a basis for further theoretical research: development of methods of the permutation of rows and columns of basic bent-squares and their sign coding, synthesis of composite bent-squares. In addition, the data on the spectral classification of vectors give the task of constructing the synthesis methods of bent-functions of lengths N = 32k+1, k Є ℕ.
AN EVALUATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS MPPT TECHNIQUES UNDER THE CHARACTERISTICS OF OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Elzein I. A. , Petrenko Yu. N.
Published: July 2018

In this article an extended literature surveying review is launched on a set of comparative studies of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques. Different MPPT methods are addressed with an ultimate aim of how to be maximizing the PV system output power by tracking Pmax in a set of different operational circumstances. In this paper maximum power point tracking, MPPT techniques are reviewed on basis of different parameters related to the design simplicity and/or complexity, implementation, hardware required, and other related aspects.

he technology of solar systems has been booming for a while due to its ability to replace current fossil fuels like coal and gas for generation of electricity that produce air, water, and land pollution. In addition it decreased the issue of global warming and climate changes substantially due to being produced in a clean environmental manner and was proved to be an Eco-friendly resource of energy. The photovoltaic systems’ manufacturing process has been improving continuously over the last decade and photovoltaic systems have become an interesting solution. Precisely, PV systems are constituted from arrays of photovoltaic cells, choppers (mainly buck-boost or boost DC/DC converter), MPPT control systems and storage devices and/or grid connections. To improve the efficiency of such systems, various studies have been performed. The demand of PV generation systems seems to be increased for both standalone and grid-connected modes of PV systems. Therefore, an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is necessary to initialize the process of tracking the maximum power point MPP at all environmental conditions and then force the PV system to operate at that MPP point.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF MAJOR TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENT OF ADAPTIVE TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT METHODS
Authors: Klimovich A. N. , Shuts V. N.
Published: July 2018

Adaptive algorithms, which current traffic systems are based on, exist for many decades. Information technologies have developed significantly over this period and it makes more relevant their application in the field of transport. This paper analyses modern trends in the development of adaptive traffic flow control methods. Reviewed the most perspective directions in the field of intelligent transport systems, such as high-speed wireless communication between vehicles and road infrastructure based on such technologies as DSRC and WAVE, traffic jams prediction having such features as traffic flow information, congestion, velocity of vehicles using machine learning, fuzzy logic rules and genetic algorithms, application of driver assistance systems to increase vehicle’s autonomy. Advantages of such technologies in safety, efficiency and usability of transport are shown. Described multi-agent approach, which uses V2I-communication between vehicles and intersection controller to improve efficiency of control due to more complete traffic flow information and possibility to give orders to separate vehicles. Presented number of algorithms which use such approach to create new generation of adaptive transport systems.
FORMALIZATION OF THE PROBLEM OF SELECTION OF AUTOMATED SYSTEM
Authors: Petukhov A. V.
Published: July 2018

The results of many years of research in the field of formalizing the task of selecting automated systems for various areas of design and office activities are given. The purpose of the study is the development of methods for qualitative and quantitative evaluation when choosing an automated system, taking into accounts the operating conditions and customer requirements. Qualitative assessment is based on the theory of choice and decision making, which examines the mathematical models of this type of activity. In view of the fact that in the problem under consideration, many alternatives, which are automated systems, are known, it can be related to the choice problem. The peculiarity of this approach is that it does not require a complete restoration of the principle of optimality, but allows us to confine ourselves to information sufficient to identify the optimal variant. The quantitative assessment is based on the determination of the projected annual economic effect from the introduction of an automated system. The described technique can be used by enterprises and organizations in the evaluation of automated systems at the stage preceding the tender for their purchase.
ON THE PROBLEMS OF IDENTIFICATION OF INFORMATION SOURCES BEING DISCOVERED IN THE COURSE OF CITATION STUDIES WITH THE USE OF JOURNAL CITATION REPORTS®
Authors: Lazarev V. S. , Yurik I. V.
Published: July 2018

During the citation study of serial publications with the use of Journal Citation Reports®(JCR) a number of items are being revealed (among others) which abbreviated titles cannot be identified with the use of the JCR itself. Typically, such sources are considered unimportant, because they do not have an «impact factor». However, our analysis of the information sources, which abbreviated titles could not be identified with the use of the Journal Citation Reports® itself, convinced us that such sources can be really useful for the specialists. It was also discovered that in the JCR there are mistakes of writing of abbreviated titles in two different ways that relate even the periodicals included in the «master list», i. e. the sources having abbreviated titles established for JCR. The content of the present citation study of serial publications in relation to their ability to support research in the subject of «energy security and energy efficiency, energy efficient technologies and appliances» has made it possible to identify a number of different consequences of such mistakes and the reasons for them. It was found, for example, that the use of double and multiple different abbreviations for the titles of the same serial publication is either due to their objectively existing dual title misinterpreted by the indexers, or due to the inclusion in the citation data of the JCR full titles of the serial publications along with the abbreviated ones, and also by the inclusion in such data in some cases the year of publication or by indicating that the publication issue represents the conference proceedings. All the hard-to-identify abbreviations compel a bibliometrician to take time-consuming laborious identifications and verifications of such titles often followed by the recount of the resulting data.
SPRAYER productivity the race to greater efficiency in the field
Authors: Ehmke Tanner
Published: July 2018

The quest to cover more acres with a sprayer in a single day is pushing some farmers and their CCAs down the path of upgrading to ever‐bigger and faster spray rigs. But to make true productivity gains, sprayer operators may want to slow down the speed and focus on improving filling and cleaning time. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/603.