bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les principaux marchés mondiaux d’assurance
Authors: Outreville Jean-François
Published: February 2020

Cette étude présente deux caractéristiques importantes des marchés d’assurance dans le monde. Le premier aspect est la relation entre le développement de l’assurance et le développement économique qui a été évaluée dans de nombreuses études empiriques. Le deuxième est l’importance de l’assurance dans le contexte de la libéralisation des échanges commerciaux et de la globalisation des activités financières. L’analyse proposée dans cet article démontre cette relation par le biais des investissements directs à l’étranger comme moteur du développement des marchés.
(Ré)assurance et risque systémique
Authors: Kessler Denis
Published: February 2020

La crise financière de 2008 a été le catalyseur d’un développement réglementaire bourgeonnant visant le secteur financier, avec une attention particulière accordée à la prévention du « risque systémique ». La (ré)assurance n’est pas source de risque systémique, elle est au contraire une force stabilisatrice pour le système économique et financier dans son ensemble, à la fois par sa capacité à absorber les chocs exogènes et par sa fonction fondamentale de mutualisation des risques à l’échelle globale. Le secteur de la (ré)assurance a amplement démontré sa grande résilience. Les rares assureurs à s’être retrouvés en difficulté lors de la crise l’ont été du seul fait de leurs activités de nature « quasi bancaire » et non du fait de leurs opérations de « (ré)assurance traditionnelle ». Il faut promouvoir le principe d’une réglementation optimale, qui établit un juste équilibre entre stabilité/solvabilité, d’une part, et efficience/croissance, d’autre part. De ce point de vue, il est fondamental que la réglementation n’exige pas des « surcharges » en capital injustifiées pour l’activité de (ré)assurance, alors même que cette dernière contribue intrinsèquement à la résilience des économies et des sociétés.
Comprendre les cycles dans l’assurance
Authors: Bénéplanc Gilles
Published: February 2020

L’existence de cycles de résultats est une caractéristique importante du fonctionnement des marchés d’assurance et de réassurance. Une bonne compréhension de ce phénomène reste fondamentale pour les professionnels, même si les récentes conditions de marché et l’abondance de liquidités ont complexifié l’observation et l’analyse des cycles. Il incombe donc à la recherche économique de faire de nouvelles avancées pour mieux modéliser et anticiper la survenance de cycles dans le contexte actuel.
La régulation des assureurs en Europe – Quel juste niveau d’harmonisation ?
Authors: Delas Bernard
Published: February 2020

Entrée en vigueur en 2016, la norme Solvabilité II vise à instaurer une équité de traitement prudentiel entre les assureurs en Europe et une sécurité du marché renforcée. Elle a permis des progrès très importants tant sur le plan de la gestion des risques qu’en matière de gouvernance. Mais la nouvelle norme est difficile à appliquer de manière homogène dans un marché européen de l’assurance qui reste très fragmenté. La série de défaillances d’assureurs construction intervenant en France mais originaires d’autres États membres en est une illustration. Cette fragmentation du marché a également un effet sur le recours aux mesures du paquet « Branches longues ». Elles ont effectivement facilité la transition de Solvabilité I vers Solvabilité II, mais elles ont aussi conduit à une grande dispersion des indicateurs de solvabilité, dont la signification peut varier d’un État membre à l’autre. Enfin, il est à noter que l’excessive complexité de la norme rend difficile la convergence des méthodes utilisées par les différents superviseurs nationaux et accroît, au sein des entreprises d’assurance, les risques d’incompréhension entre les équipes techniques et les organes dirigeants.
Émancipation et formation : une alliance en question
Authors: Broussal Dominique
Published: February 2020

Cette note de synthèse s’intéresse à la façon dont la recherche en éducation aborde la question des relations entre émancipation et formation. Après avoir défini la notion d’émancipation et caractérisé ses usages, une deuxième partie envisage l’évolution de la relation émancipation-formation comme un analyseur possible de mutations touchant à la place faite au sujet en formation, à la dimension politique de la formation, aux rapports entre formation et emploi. La dernière partie propose des perspectives de recherches ouvrant sur le rôle des œuvres ainsi que sur l’évaluation des dynamiques émancipatrices.
Communication de l’expérience et capitalisation de savoirs issus de l’expérience : extimisation, objectivation et agrégation comme processus d’élaboration du savoir
Authors: Fukazawa-Couckuyt Stéphane , Robin Jean-François
Published: February 2020

Dans les démarches de capitalisation de savoirs issus de l’expérience, la question de l’élaboration de savoir à partir de l’expérience est peu travaillée. À partir des concepts d’expérience (Albarello et al ., 2013), de communication de l’expérience (Astier, 2001) et de savoir (Barbier, 2011), une recherche en optimisation et en intelligibilité (Barbier, 2008) sur la capitalisation de savoirs issus de l’expérience est menée. Avec un panel d’entraîneurs de haut niveau experts, cette recherche permet de dégager trois processus à l’œuvre lors de l’élaboration du savoir dans le cadre de sa capitalisation : extimisation, objectivation et agrégation. Cet article propose une meilleure compréhension de ces processus pour favoriser la mise en œuvre des démarches de capitalisation à des fins de formation.
Les questions de professionnalisation posées par le conseil en évolution professionnelle
Authors: Laroye-Carré Françoise , Mayen Patrick
Published: February 2020

Cet article interroge les conditions de professionnalisation des conseillers en évolution professionnelle face aux exigences du CEP. Il propose de replacer le CEP dans son écosystème, c’est-à-dire son cadre réglementaire, les enjeux sociaux et individuels auxquels il répond, les premiers bilans de son expérimentation, les compétences et les besoins de professionnalisation induits par les situations de travail. Une conclusion ouvre sur des constats et perspectives quant aux conditions du développement de la professionnalisation en les reliant à des dimensions spécifiques du travail et de la formation des conseillers.
La désignation de l’olfaction est-elle singulière parmi les perceptions sensorielles ?
Authors: Larrivée Pierre , Ortega Marine
Published: February 2020

Le thème de ce travail est la façon dont on parle des perceptions obtenues par les différents sens. Il s’agit d’identifier la désignation hyperonymique pouvant s’appliquer à l’ensemble des perceptions accessibles à un sens, et de savoir si ces désignations sont comparables pour les différents sens. Nous considérons d’abord les désignations hyperonymiques fournies par les travaux lexicographiques. Nous analysons ensuite la distribution des hyperonymes identifiés dans trois corpus de français vernaculaire. Les résultats permettent d’établir que, si les fonctionnements des désignations hyperonymiques de nos perceptions olfactives, auditives et gustatives sont dans l’ensemble comparables, ce n’est pas le cas de celles de nos perceptions tactiles et visuelles. Si ces résultats étaient confirmés à travers les langues, cela validerait l’idée que tous les sens n’ont pas la même importance comme source d’information, la vision ayant un statut particulier.
Voir désémantisé : quand A n’a rien à voir avec B
Authors: François Jacques , Gmir Raja
Published: February 2020

En marge de ses emplois perceptif et cognitif, le verbe voir présente plusieurs types d’emplois où sa fonction est essentiellement relationnelle (ex.  Quelqu’un se voit offrir une place  ; L’entreprise a vu chuter ses bénéfices ). Parmi ces emplois, la construction A n’a rien à voir avec B, datée du tournant du XIX e  siècle, s’est imposée au XX e  siècle en face de A n’a rien à faire avec B et a privilégié des sujets grammaticaux non animés. Attribuer un statut purement relationnel (Picoche 1986) à A a (INDÉFINI) à voir avec B suggère que le choix du verbe voir est aléatoire. Inversement, l’hypothèse proposée ici est que cette construction véhicule une relation topologique d’accessibilité au long d’un continuum (de tout à voir à rien à voir ) entre les deux espaces sémantiques de A et de B aux yeux d’un observateur externe virtuel.
Development of Ketamine Administration as a Treatment for Chronic PTSD
Authors: Collins Abigail B. , Rutter Sarah B. , Feder Adriana
Published: February 2020

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent, chronic, and disabling condition for which currently available pharmacotherapies are insufficiently effective. Ketamine, which is a glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has emerged as a promising and rapid-acting novel treatment intervention for this disorder. Findings from a proof-of-concept, randomized, controlled crossover study of single-dose intravenous ketamine administration (compared to single-dose midazolam) in patients with chronic PTSD suggest that ketamine is associated with rapid improvement in core PTSD symptoms and comorbid depressive symptoms, and is generally well tolerated. Additional research is needed to confirm its efficacy and safety for patients with PTSD. Results from ongoing trials of repeated intravenous administration for PTSD are expected to yield more definitive evidence. Potential mechanisms of action as well as future research directions are discussed.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2020;50(2):68–76.]
Reading Capital in the Twenty-First Century: Thomas Piketty and political economy
Authors: Kotz David M. , McDonough Terrence , McMahon Cian
Published: February 2020

This paper offers a radical political economy critique of Thomas Piketty’s Capital in the Twenty-First Century, drawing on heterodox economics and the social structure of accumulation (SSA) theory. We argue that the dynamics of inequality in capitalist systems cannot be fully explained at the level of capitalism in general, or by supplementing such an account with reference to state policies or contingent events, but require attention to the specific institutional form of capitalism.
Les origines du triomphe de Donald Trump
Authors: Komlos John , Schubert Hermann
Published: February 2020

Donald Trump a remporté les élections en 2016 en grande partie parce que, dans trois États, un nombre suffisant d’électeurs qui avaient voté pour Barack Obama en 2008 et 2012 ont reporté leur vote sur les Républicains. Les bouleversements économiques ont joué un rôle crucial au sein de ces États, incitant leurs électeurs à soutenir un candidat « anti-establishment ». Ces bouleversements ont été provoqués par le développement d’une économie duale, caractérisée à une extrémité par des salaires bas et stagnants, une augmentation de la dette, une mobilité sociale descendante, la baisse des revenus relatifs et le manque d’espoir ; tandis que l’autre extrémité de la distribution des revenus se distinguait par la tendance strictement inverse.
Money as a coordinating device of a commodity economy: old and new, Russian and French readings of Marx
Authors: Nenovsky Nikolay
Published: February 2020

We focus on some original approaches so as to find a solution to the “coordination problem” of the decentralised commodity economy in the different interpretations (and refutations) of Marx, stressing the central role of money. We reconstruct in a comparative perspective the approaches of two contemporary French scholars, Jean Cartelier and André Orléan and of two Russian economists, Isaak Rubin and Peter Struve who worked in the beginning of the last century. Our reconstruction starts with Marx although other approaches are also possible. Each of the four scholars under review offered his own methods of solving the issue of coordination. Although the ideas of the four authors intertwined, we can differentiate between two pairs namely Rubin/Orléan (part 1) and Struve/Cartelier (part 2). This corresponds to the radicality of their analytical solutions. While the former pair upheld the theory of value (each one in his own way), the latter actually eliminated it (again each one in his own way).
The Effect of Thrust Force in Drilling Composite Materials Using a New Step Core-Ball Drill
Authors: Teng Hsing Ming , Wu Ming Chang , Kao Jin Yi , Hsu Chun Yao , Tsao Chung Chen
Published: February 2020

Compared with conventional metal materials, composite materials can sustain more loads under lower weight and lower space, which is more suitable to use in high strength environment for structure parts application in aerospace, military, transportation and leisure. The enormous aeronautical components and structures of composite materials require assembly and machining. Drilling is the most important making-hole process in the final assembly. However, conventional drill cannot avoid delamination in drilling composite materials effectively depending on tool geometry only. Delamination caused by drilling thrust has been showed as one of the most problematic defects after drilling composite laminates. Drilling of composite plates using a new step core-ball drill (NSCBD), which is a special drill to improve the chip flow and reduces the thrust force (delamination) at the exit of hole, is studied and compared to the traditional step core-ball drill (TSCBD). The thrust force of new step core-ball drill in drilling composite materials was investigated in this study. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the NSCBD can improve the thrust force (delamination) and efficiency than TSCBD in drilling composite materials.
The role of phenotype on ventilation and exercise capacity in patients affected by COPD: a retrospective study
Authors: Rinaldo Rocco F. , Mondoni Michele , Comandini Sofia , Lombardo Pietro , Vigo Beatrice , Terraneo Silvia , Santus Pierachille , Carugo Stefano , Centanni Stefano , Di Marco Fabiano
Published: February 2020

Background: The idea of phenotype in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has evolved in the last decades, and the importance of peculiar treatment strategies has now been acknowledged. Although dyspnea and exercise limitation are hallmarks of COPD, this aspect has never been fully explored in literature in terms of disease phenotype. The aim of the present study was to explore the relevance of clinical COPD phenotypes on exercise ventilation and maximal capacity.Methods: In this observational cohort retrospective study we analyzed the data of 50 COPD patients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise test, categorized as emphysematous (n=29), and non-emphysematous (n=21) according to a previously validated model.Results: We found a significant difference in terms of VE/VCO2 slope (median values 32.4 vs 28.0, p=0.015) and VE/VCO2 ratio at nadir (median values 37 vs 33, p=0.004), which resulted higher in emphysematous patients, who also presented lower PETCO2 values (median values 32.6 vs 35.6, p=0.008). In a subgroup of 31 tests which met the maximality criteria, emphysematous patients presented a significantly lower work rate at peak (median value 51 vs 72 % predicted, p=0.016), and showed a lower peak oxygen consumption, although at the limit of significance (median values of 63 vs 85 % predicted, p=0.051).Conclusions: This study extends our knowledge about the characterization of the COPD phenotypical expression of disease, showing that patients affected by emphysema are more prone to ventilatory inefficiency during exercise, and that this is likely to be an important cause of their overall reduced exercise capacity.
Pediatric Nurses' Perspectives on Family-Centered Care in Sri Lanka: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Done Rishani Deepika Gangodage , Oh Jina , Im Mihae , Park Jiyoung
Published: February 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate nurses’ perceptions and performance of family-centered care (FCC) at a children’s hospital in Sri Lanka and to explore the feasibility of implementing FCC in the context of the Sri Lankan healthcare system.Methods: A convergent, parallel, mixed-methods design was applied to understand Sri Lankan nurses’ perspectives on FCC. In total, 157 nurses working at a large teritagy children’s hospital responded to a self-report survey and 18 nurses participated in focus group interviews.Results: Of the factors of FCC, family participation in caring for children received the highest score (4.09±0.51) for perceptions, and information-sharing received the highest score (3.54±0.55) for performance. The qualitative data revealed the following five themes: (a) importance of the family in caring for children; (b) helping families during children’s hospitalization; (c) taking steps to implement FCC, even with imperfect knowledge; (d) barriers in the current situation; and (e) suggested strategies to promote FCC.Conclusion: Participants endorsed the concept of FCC and demonstrated some aspects of it in their day-to-day practice. The results indicate a clear knowledge deficit and several challenges, which need to be addressed to effectively implement FCC.
How to measure person-centred practice – An analysis of reviews of the literature
Authors: Louw Jakobus M. , Marcus Tessa S. , Hugo Jannie
Published: February 2020

Background: Facilitation and collaboration differentiates person-centred practice (PcP) from biomedical practice. In PcP, a person-centred consultation requires clinicians to juggle three processes: facilitation, clinical reasoning and collaboration. How best to measure PcP in these processes remains a challenge.Aim: To assess the measurement of facilitation and collaboration in selected reviews of PcP instruments.Methods: Ovid Medline and Google Scholar were searched for review articles evaluating measurement instruments of patient-centredness or person-centredness in the medical consultation.Results: Six of the nine review articles were selected for analysis. Those articles considered the psychometric properties and rigour of evaluation of reviewed instruments. Mostly, the articles did not find instruments with good evidence of reliability and validity. Evaluations in South Africa rendered poor psychometric properties. Tools were often not transferable to other socio-cultural-linguistic contexts, both with and without adaptation.Conclusion: The multiplicity of measurement tools is a product of many dimensions of person-centredness, which can be approached from many perspectives and in many service scenarios inside and outside the medical consultation. Extensive research into the myriad instruments found no single valid and reliable measurement tool that can be recommended for general use. The best hope for developing one is to focus on a specific scenario, conduct a systematic literature review, combine the best items from existing tools, involve multiple disciplines and test the tool in real-life situations.
Degradation of the Textile Dye Reactive Black 5 by Basidiomycetes
Authors: Wielewski Leonardo Pellizzari , Zuccolotto Tatiana , Soares Marlene , Prola Liziê Daniela Tentler , Liz Marcus Vinicius de
Published: February 2020

Reactive Black 5 (RB5) is one of the synthetic reactive dyes most used in the textile industry, due to its solubility in water and reactive groups which form covalent bonds within the fiber. In the process of dyeing fabrics, however, it is estimated that 12-14% of dyes are released into the effluent.  This work evaluated the biodegradation of RB5 dye, adsorbed in polyurethane foam, by basidiomycetes (Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus floridae). Results were evaluated considering the partial- or total medium discoloration, the adsorption capacity of the dye in the polyurethane foam (PUF) and the respirometric measurements. The results showed that Phanerochaete chrysosporium was able to partially degrade 50 mg L-1 of RB5 in pH 6.0, when cultivated in Petri dishes. When this microorganism was cultivated in PUF cubes saturated with RB5 solution (50 mg L-1, pH 6.0), CO2 production reached an accumulated value of 2.16 mg on the fifteenth day, revealing the growth of the microorganism and consequently the contaminant degradation, which was used as the source of nutrients.
Medication Management; Hypertensive Crisis During a Home Visit
Authors: Frazier Kyle R. , McKeirnan Kimberly C.
Published: February 2020

This report describes a case of hypertensive crisis identified by two pharmacists conducting a patient home visit. A 72-year-old woman living in a rural town in Eastern Washington state was referred for a pharmacist home visit by her care coordinator, who had concerns of possible medication-related
issues. The patient had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic stroke, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, hypothyroidism, and unspecified back pain. This patient also experienced additional challenges resulting from living in a rural and medically underserved
community. During the home visit, the patient's chief complaint was recurrent, painful migraine headaches that she self-treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication. Upon examination, the pharmacists found the patient's blood pressure to be 223/132 mm Hg and her self-monitoring log
consistently showed blood pressure readings greater than 180/110 mm Hg with a pulse between 75 bpm to 80 bpm. The patient was referred to the emergency department after determining her blood pressure met criteria for hypertensive crisis despite her adherence to her current antihypertensive
regimen. She was hospitalized for three days. After her hospitalization, she was referred to her primary care providers and her pharmacist for follow up. The pharmacist reconciled her current medication regimen and made guideline-directed adjustments to her antihypertensive medications. Six
months after her hospitalization her blood pressure was within goal and associated headaches had resolved.
PIK3CA H1047R Mutation Associated with a Lower Pathological Complete Response Rate in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Anthracycline-Taxane–Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Guo Sanxing , Loibl Sibylle , von Minckwitz Gunter , Darb-Esfahani Silvia , Lederer Bianca , Denkert Carsten
Published: February 2020

PurposePIK3CA, encoding for subunit p110a of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, is frequently mutated in breast cancer. PIK3CAmutation was predictive for pathological complete response (pCR) in human epidermal growth factor 2 positive breast cancer. This study explores the association of PIK3CA mutation and pCR in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Materials and MethodsA total of 92 patients with TNBC derived from a prospectively randomized phase II trial GeparSixto study (NCT01426880). Exon 9 and exon 20 of PIK3CA mutations were evaluated by using classical Sanger method with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues.ResultsSeven of 90 tumors (7.8%) were detectable with a PIK3CA H1047R mutation. Overall, PIK3CA H1047R mutation was significantly associated with a lower pCR rate (14.3% vs. 56.6%; odds ratio, 0.128; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.015 to 1.108; p=0.047). In carboplatin- containing treatment patients, H1047R mutation trended to predict a lower pCR rate (20% vs. 62.5%; p=0.146). In a multivariable analysis, H1047R mutation trended to predict a lower pCR rate (hazard ratio, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.01 to 1; p=0.056).ConclusionTNBC with a PIK3CA H1047R mutation was less likely to achieve pCR after anthracyclinebased neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Development of H1047R mutant selective inhibitors might be helpful to conquer this subtype of breast cancer.
Environmentally Assisted Cracking of Subsea Pipelines in Oil & Gas Production Environments—Effect of Static Loading
Authors: Thodla Ramgopal , Gui Feng , Holtam Colum
Published: February 2020

Fatigue crack growth rate of line pipe steels in sour environments typically exhibits a steady-state value at low frequencies. However, in highly inhibited sour environments, there is no evidence of a steady-state fatigue crack growth at low frequencies. This is likely a result of static crack growth rate at Kmax. Stable static crack growth measured under constant stress intensity factor (K) conditions in inhibited sour environments was in the range of 10−7 mm/s to 10−8 mm/s. The crack growth rate in inhibited sour environments is likely associated with crack tip processes associated with metal dissolution/film formation and associated hydrogen evolution. The results obtained were modeled based on a crack tip strain rate based approach, where the rate limiting step was the metal dissolution/FeS formation and the corresponding hydrogen generation reaction.
Extinguishing wildfires by saturation water bombing: A new concept
Authors: Graham, MSc Alistair
Published: February 2020

Objective: To present a new concept for the extinguishment of wildfires by saturation water bombing.Design: Following an exhaustive literature search, a published mathematical model and a published empirical rainfall model were used to estimate the rate at which water would have to be applied to extinguish intense wildfires. Applying the estimated amount by quasi-continuous saturation water bombing was then evaluated.Results: The mathematical model yielded a regression equation that estimates the amount of water to extinguish wildfires of varying sizes as y = 0.1041 x − 5.0096 where y is the quantity of water and x is the size of the fire. The predicted quantities of 1000 metric tonnes ha for intense wildfires vastly exceed the minimum of 50 metric tonnes ha of the empirical rain model, likely due to the limited data available. They nevertheless serve to define the likely range of water application rates that must be applied for wildfire extinguishment. These application rates are shown to be feasible by deploying a team of large, amphibious water scooping aircraft operating in relay continuously day and night. The operating cost of such a team (±$10 million annually) is trivial compared to the potential for reducing the current economic burden of US wildfire of $71.1-347.8 billion annually. Conclusions: The saturation water bombing concept seems promising enough to warrant the commitment of funds to implement field trials on the ground that it could, potentially, result in savings of billions of dollars.
Infrastructure assessment post-disaster: Remotely sensing bridge structural damage by unmanned aerial vehicle in low-light conditions
Authors: Baker, MPA, PhD Student Christopher A. , Rapp, DMgt, PE, CCP, MASCE Randy R. , Elwakil, PhD, PE, CCP, PMP Emad , Zhang, PhD Jiansong
Published: February 2020

The initial experiment explores the viability of using a low-cost unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with thermal imaging and lowlight camera to assess structural damage to steel girders. Damage assessments following natural disasters are daunting and arduous tasks that are resources intensive and dangerous. Unmanned aerial vehicles with remote sensing (UAV-RS) technology have been used in recent largescale disaster events such as Hurricanes Katerina, Harvey, Irma, and Maria as well as others. Current assessment methods of structures include inspectors physically conducting detailed and rapid surveys of damage with or without the assistance of special equipment, use of helicopters, satellite imagery, and new innovative methods using UAV-RS technology.The initial experiment utilized the Steel Bridge Research, Inspection, Training, and Engineering and Training Center (S-BRITE) facility at Purdue University and a small building in Lafayette, Indiana. Two steel girders located at S-BRITE were used in the experiment with damages that render them structurally deficient. The small building was used for semiautonomous inspection during hours of darkness.Most scientific studies have focused on using UAV-RS during hours of daylight. In this article, the authors explore the use of UAV-RS during low-light conditions (ie, early evening nautical twilight and night) for detecting global damage to steel girders. The authorsÆ goal is to present evidence for further study in the use of UAV-RS during low-light conditions for inspecting structures to include primary load bearing members. The authors conclude that while the UAV-RS can detect global damage in low visibility conditions, further experiments in varying low-light conditions including 3D imaging and semiautonomous inspection are necessary for structural damage assessments.
Variability of hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity in the Landes maritime pine forest: results from the LANDEX campaign 2017
Authors: Bsaibes Sandy , Al Ajami Mohamad , Mermet Kenneth , Truong François , Batut Sébastien , Hecquet Christophe , Dusanter Sébastien , Léornadis Thierry , Sauvage Stéphane , Kammer Julien , Flaud Pierre-Marie , Perraudin Emilie , Villenave Eric , Locoge Nadine , Gros Valérie , Schoemaecker Coralie
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Total hydroxyl radical (OH) reactivity measurements were conducted during the LANDEX intensive
field campaign in a coniferous temperate forest located in the Landes area,
southwestern France, during July 2017. In order to investigate inter-canopy and intra-canopy variability, measurements were performed inside (6 m) and above the canopy level (12 m), as well as at two different locations within the canopy, using a comparative reactivity method (CRM) and a laser photolysis–laser-induced fluorescence (LP-LIF) instrument. The two techniques were intercompared at the end of the campaign by performing measurements at the same location. Volatile organic compounds were also monitored at both levels with a proton transfer time-of-flight mass spectrometer and online gas chromatography instruments to evaluate their contribution to total OH reactivity, with monoterpenes being the main reactive species emitted in this forest dominated by Pinus pinaster Aiton. Total OH reactivity varied diurnally, following the trend of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), the emissions and concentrations of which were dependent on meteorological parameters. Average OH reactivity was around 19.2 and 16.5 s−1 inside and above the canopy, respectively. The highest levels of total OH reactivity were observed during nights with a low turbulence (u*≤0.2 m s−1), leading to lower mixing of emitted species within the canopy and thus an important vertical stratification characterized by a strong concentration gradient. Comparing the measured and the calculated OH reactivity highlighted an average missing OH reactivity of 22 % and 33 % inside and above the canopy, respectively. A day–night variability was observed on missing OH reactivity at both heights. Investigations showed that during daytime, missing OH sinks could be due to primary emissions and secondary products linked to a temperature-enhanced photochemistry. Regarding nighttime missing OH reactivity, higher levels were seen for the stable and warm night of 4–5 July, showing that these conditions could have been favorable for the accumulation of long-lived species (primary and secondary species) during the transport of the air mass from nearby forests.
Estimation of Reactive Inorganic Iodine Fluxes in the Indian and Southern Ocean Marine Boundary Layer
Authors: Inamdar Swaleha , Tinel Liselotte , Chance Rosie , Carpenter Lucy J. , Sabu Prabhakaran , Chacko Racheal , Tripathy Sarat C. , Kerkar Anvita U. , Sinha Alok K. , Bhaskar Parli Venkateswaran , Sarkar Amit , Roy Rajdeep , Sherwen Tomas , Cuevas Carlos , Saiz-Lopez Alfonso , Ram Kirpa , Mahajan Anoop S.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Iodine chemistry has noteworthysignificant impacts on the oxidising capacity of the marine boundary layer (MBL) through the depletion of ozone (O3) and changes to HOx (OH/HO2) and NOx (NO/NO2) ratios. Hitherto, studies have shown that the reaction of atmospheric O3 with surface seawater iodide (I−) contributes to the flux of iodine species into the MBL mainly as hypoiodous acid (HOI) and molecular iodine (I2). Here, we present the first concomitant observations of iodine oxide (IO), O3 in the gas phase, and sea surface iodide concentrations. The results from three field campaigns in the Indian Ocean and the Southern Ocean during 2014–2017 are used to compute reactive iodine fluxes to the MBL. Observations of atmospheric IO by MAX-DOAS show active iodine chemistry in this environment, with IO values up to 1 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) below latitudes of 40° S. In order to compute the sea-to-air iodine flux supporting this chemistry, we compare previously established global sea surface iodide parameterisations with new, region-specific parameterisations based on the new iodide observations. This study shows that regional changes in salinity and sea surface temperature play a role in surface seawater iodide estimation. Sea-air fluxes of HOI and I2, calculated from the atmospheric ozone and seawater iodide concentrations (observed and predicted), failed to adequately explain the detected IO in this region. This discrepancy highlights the need to measure direct fluxes of inorganic and organic iodine species in the marine environment. Amongst other potential drivers of reactive iodine chemistry investigated, chlorophyll-a showed a significant correlation with atmospheric IO (R = 0.7 above the 99 % significance level) to the north of the polar front. This correlation might be indicative of a biogenic control on iodine sources in this region.
Properties of Arctic liquid and mixed phase clouds from ship-borne Cloudnet observations during ACSE 2014
Authors: Achtert Peggy , O'Connor Ewan J. , Brooks Ian M. , Sotiropoulou Georgia , Shupe Matthew D. , Pospichal Bernhard , Brooks Barbara J. , Tjernström Michael
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This study presents Cloudnet retrievals of Arctic clouds from measurements conducted during a three-month research expedition along the Siberian shelf during summer and autumn 2014. During autumn, we find a strong reduction in the occurrence of liquid clouds and an increase for both mixed-phase and ice clouds at low levels compared to summer. About 80 % of all liquid clouds observed during the research cruise show a liquid water path below the infra-red black body limit of approximately 50 g m−2. The majority of mixed-phase and ice clouds had an ice water path below 20 g m−2. Cloud properties are analysed with respect to cloud-top temperature and boundary layer structure. Changes in these parameters have little effect on the geometric thickness of liquid clouds while mixed-phase clouds during warm-air advection events are generally thinner than when such events were absent. Cloud-top temperatures are very similar for all mixed-phase clouds. However, more cases of lower cloud-top temperature were observed in the absence of warm-air advection. Profiles of liquid and ice water content are normalised with respect to cloud base and height. For liquid water clouds, the liquid water content profile reveals a strong increase with height with a maximum within the upper quarter of the clouds followed by a sharp decrease towards cloud top. Liquid water content is lowest for clouds observed below an inversion during warm-air advection events. Most mixed-phase clouds show a liquid water content profile with a very similar shape to that of liquid clouds but with lower maximum values during warm-air advection. The normalised ice water content profiles in mixed-phase clouds look different from that of liquid water content. They show a wider range in maximum values with lowest ice water content for clouds below an inversion and highest values for clouds above or extending through an inversion. The ice water content profile generally peaks at a height below the peak in the liquid water content profile – usually in the centre of the cloud, sometimes closer to cloud base, likely due to particle sublimation as the crystals fall through the cloud.
Storm-induced sediment supply to coastal dunes on sand flats
Authors: Galiforni-Silva Filipe , Wijnberg Kathelijne M. , Hulscher Suzanne J. M. H.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Growth of coastal dunes requires a marine supply of sediment. Processes that control the sediment transfer between the sub-tidal and the supra-tidal zone are not fully understood, especially in sand flats close to inlets. It is hypothesised that storm surge events induce sediment deposition on sand flats, providing fresh material for aeolian transport and dune growth. The objective of this study is to identify which processes cause deposition on the sand flat during storm surge conditions and discuss the relationship between the supra-tidal deposition and sediment supply to the dunes. We use the island of Texel as a case study, of which multi-annual topographic and hydrographic data sets are available. Additionally, we use the numerical model XBeach to simulate the most frequent storm surge events for the area. Results show that supra-tidal shore-parallel deposition of sand occurs in both the numerical model and the topographic data. The amount of sand deposition is directly proportional to surge level and can account for more than a quarter of the volume deposited at the dunes yearly. Furthermore, storm surges are also capable of remobilising the top layer of sediment of the sand flat, making fresh sediment available for aeolian transport. Therefore, in a sand flat setting, storm surges have the potential of reworking significant amounts of sand for aeolian transport in periods after the storm, and as such can also play a constructive role in coastal dune development.
The Aisthetic-Cosmological Dimension of María Lugone's Decolonial Feminism
Authors: Vallega Alejandro A.
Published: February 2020

In her work on decolonial feminism María Lugones expands and strengthens the task of decolonial thinking. On the one hand this occurs as gender becomes explicitly part of the very ways of being under modernity, and this means that gender, race, and labor are always entangled in the coloniality of power. As a result decolonial thought may only occur by the critique of one's concrete situation in the living intersectionality in which identities and power relations are founded. This turn to concrete intersectionality occurs as Lugones thinks in light of cosmological indigenous lineages in América,1 and with this turn engages not only the logical, epistemic, and conceptual levels of coloniality but, in a turn that makes possible the affirmation of subjugated knowledges, she turns to the aisthetic dimensions of the coloniality of power and knowledge: Most significantly, in this way, she is able to begin to think with the liberatory rhythms, movements, practices that are our lives as sites of resistance and contestation never subsumed (abarcadas) by the coloniality of power, modernity, and capitalism.
Stillness, Aesthesis, Resistance
Authors: Rivera Omar
Published: February 2020

Emphasizing the embodied, physical aspect of María Lugones's decolonial feminism, this article elucidates ways in which the oppressed appears to colonizing gazes and beyond them in order to explore possibilities of resistance. It proposes “stillness” as a sentient physicality that can transgress the hold of racist/colonizing gazes and sense a multiplicity of worlds from a limen. In order to do this, it focuses on the temporality of “stillness” and on modes of appearing of resistant praxis.
Compelled to Cross, Tempted to Master: Affective Challenges in Lugones's Decolonial Feminist Methodology
Authors: Roshanravan Shireen
Published: February 2020

This article explores the affective challenges of María Lugones's coalitional imperative of decolonial feminism as it requires sustaining painful confrontations for acting in complicity with the very oppressions the aspiring decolonial feminist may have believed herself to be entirely against. Because the coalitional crossings necessary to Lugones's decolonial feminist methodology involves moving toward discomfort out of a sense of responsibility, the decolonial feminist may be tempted toward mastery of radical performance rather than self-transformation. As a possible way out of this temptation toward mastery, this article turns to Lugones's own affective animation of her methodological commitment to live the coalitional imperative with a love rooted in, and routed through, an intimate sense of interdependence with other resisters at the colonial difference.
Interlocking, Intersecting, and Intermeshing: Critical Engagements with Black and Latina Feminist Paradigms of Identity and Oppression
Authors: Belle Kathryn Sophia
Published: February 2020

Inspired by Mariana Ortega's invitation to reflect on diverse iterations of intersectionality, this article focuses on María Lugones's engagements with two Black feminist concepts, namely, interlocking oppressions (as articulated by Barbara Smith, Beverley Smith, and Demita Frazier) and intersectionality (as articulated by Kimberlé Crenshaw). It explores these concepts alongside Lugones's use of her own terms such as intermeshed, curdling, multiplicity, and fusion, in several paradigm shifting essays, specifically, “Purity, Impurity, and Separation” (1994 and 2003), “Tactical Strategies of the Street Walker” (2003), “On Complex Communication” (2006), “Heterosexism and the Colonial/Modern Gender System” (2007), “Toward a Decolonial Feminism” (2010), “Methodological Notes Toward a Decolonial Feminism” (2011), and “Radical Multiculturalism and Women of Color Feminisms” (2014). It also underscores Ortega's important contributions bringing these Black and Latina feminist concepts together in philosophically productive ways—in a spirit of collaboration and coalition rather than zero-sum competition.
ÍNDICE DE VULNERABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL EM ÁREAS DE REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA URBANA: UMA PROPOSTA METODOLÓGICA
Authors: CHAVES DE SOUSA MARIA CAROLINA , Toledo Peter Mann de
Published: February 2020

O presente trabalho objetivou propor uma metodologia de cálculo de índicede vulnerabilidade socioambiental (IVSA) para áreas que tenham passado porum processo de regularização fundiária em área urbana. Com base no índicede vulnerabilidade social do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA)e abordando questões sociais, econômicas, jurídicas e ambientais, o IVSAconstitui-se na integração de cinco componentes: índice de infraestruturaurbana, índice de capital humano, índice de renda e trabalho, índicejurídico e índice de meio ambiente e saúde. Os valores dos indicadores eíndices variam entre 0,1 (baixo grau de vulnerabilidade) e 1 (alto grau devulnerabilidade), e a aplicação dessa metodologia possibilita avaliar seo trabalho de regularização fundiária realizado em um espaço atingiu amelhoria de aspectos não somente fundiários, mas também nos aspectosestudados pelo IVSA, enfatizando a importância dessas ferramentas paraguiar a alocação de recursos e a formulação e implementação de políticaspúblicas mais adequadas ao espaço estudado.
TOXICIDADE DETERMINADA PELO USO DOS AGROTÓXICOS EM ORGANISMOS INDICADORES DE QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA
Authors: Nascimento Luciana de Castro , Naval Liliana Pena
Published: February 2020

A expansão das fronteiras agrícolas tem promovido o aumento de áreascultivadas e uso de agrotóxicos, e inquietações quanto ao destino destestem sido manifestadas, sobretudo pela exposição a que são submetidos oscorpos hídricos. Admitindo-se a preocupação, objetivou-se avaliar o graude toxicidade, determinado pelo uso dos agrotóxicos glifosato, atrazina eimidacloprido, em organismos indicadores de qualidade da água. Para isso,realizaram-se testes de sensibilidade e definitivos empregando-se dafinídeos(Daphnia magna). Os testes de sensibilidade apresentaram concentraçãoefetiva (CE50) de 0,77 mg.L-1, atestando sua utilização e o preconizado pelaISO 6341. Para os testes definitivos e concentrações testadas, foi encontradaCE50 para o glifosato de 27,4 mg.L-1, para a atrazina CE50 de 8,1 mg.L-1 e parao imidacloprido 217,1 mg.L-1. Como efeito deletério, observou-se que, apósos testes, os organismos imóveis apresentaram deformações nas carapaçase no tubo digestivo. Entre as propriedades mais agressivas dos agrotóxicos,destacou-se sua miscibilidade.
Socio-Economic Projects Spillovers and Their Influence on Communities Development
Authors: Buheji Mohamed
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this paper is to gauge the different community socio-economic influences that comes as a result of the impacts and the potential of spillovers brought by these socio-economic projects.

Based on the literature review, a theoretical framework is hypothesised. The framework proposes the relation between the socio-economic projects, four stages and their potential impact and spillovers. Selective cases relevant to projects of poverty elimination, healthcare development and women empowerment are carefully studied and dissected. Then, each case is evaluated in relevance to its value chain through a detailed summary. The impact and spillover of each of the sampled projects are illustrated and clarified. Despite its limitations, this study carries important implications as it brings in diverse tools for gauging the different efforts in journey related to creating a socio-economic outcome.
Direct and Indirect Energy Rebound Effects in German Households: A Linearized Almost Ideal Demand System Approach
Authors: Schmitz Hendrik , Madlener Reinhard
Published: February 2020

We estimate direct and indirect energy rebound effects for a wide variety of goods and services in Germany. To this end, we employ a linearized approximation of the popular Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) approach suggested by Deaton and Muellbauer (1980). Excluding measures of energy efficiency when estimating rebound can lead to biased results. We compensate for this shortcoming of previous research by explicitly accounting for energy efficiency in our estimations. Using data for Germany from 1970 to 2017, we find moderate direct and significant indirect rebound effects for different energy carriers across four model specifications.

The size of the rebound effect proves to be sensitive to the expenditure shares used for the calculations, which in some cases leads to negative overall rebound estimates.
Medezeggenschap bij de overheid anno 2020
Authors: Maessen K.M.J.R.
Published: February 2020

Medezeggenschap bij de overheid anno 2020. De vergaande impact van het primaat van de politiek

Dit jaar boog de Hoge Raad zich tweemaal over het leerstuk van het primaat van de politiek in de WOR. In deze bijdrage worden met name deze twee uitspraken besproken, in het licht van de ratio van het primaat van de politiek. Wordt de medezeggenschap bij de overheid niet te veel gemarginaliseerd?
The method of work centers in the education of blind children in Rwanda
Authors: Paplińska Małgorzata , Bajkiewicz Angelika
Published: February 2020

The article shows how the achievements of the Polish science of teaching people with visual impairments are used in a country that is completely culturally different. Analysis of the use of the method of work centers in the Center for Blind People in Kibeho, Rwanda, is preceded with the discussion of the disability model used in African countries and the presentation of basic data on the economic and social situation of people with visual impairments in Rwanda. The main part of the article describes the theoretical and practical principles of the method of work centers in the context of satisfying blind students' special educational needs. It presents methodological solutions used during the successive stages of a daily work center, giving special attention to the principles of conducting non-visual observation. It shows the adaptation of the curriculum to Rwanda's cultural, geographical, political and social conditions. It describes the aims, form and course of training sessions on planning and carrying out activities according to the method of work centers, emphasizing difficulties in conducting them resulting from the specific nature of African teachers' working style and mentality. Learning about, understanding and respect for a different cultural sphere facilitated mutual agreement between Polish special educators and Kibeho teachers, and the improvement of the quality of the educational offer for students with visual impairments. The training project of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Hear Africa Foundation described in the article proved that the method of work centers is universal as a form of educational and rehabilitation interventions for blind children and can be effectively used both in Poland, and in Rwanda.