bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Furochromone Derivatives: Synthesis and Anticancer Activity Studies
Authors: Demir Senem , Özen Cigdem , Ceylan‐Ünlüsoy Meltem , Öztürk Mehmet , Bozdağ‐Dündar Oya
Published: February 2019

Medicinal plant extracts have been used for medical purposes throughout human history. In this study, khellin, having furochromone structure, which is obtained from a well‐known traditional medicinal plant, was selected. A series of furochromonyl compounds (K1–K14) were synthesized for their anticancer activities. Furochromonyl compounds (K1–K14) were synthesized by Knoevenagel reaction of substituted 2,4‐thiazolidinediones (Ia–j)/rhodanines (Ik–n) with khellin‐2‐carboxaldehyde (V), and their cytotoxicity was investigated in 22 cancer cell lines, which were originated from tissues such as the liver, breast, colon, and cervix. As the first step, two hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Huh7 and PLC/PRF/5 (Alexander cells) were treated with 10 μM of each compound for 72 h, and then sulforhodamine B assay was performed to analyze their anti‐growth activities. Ethyl 2‐(5‐((4,9‐dimethoxy‐5‐oxo‐5H‐furo[3,2‐g]chromen‐7‐yl)methylene)‐4‐oxo‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)acetate (K11) was found as the most cytotoxic compound of primary screening. Afterwards, 12 hepatocellular carcinoma, seven breast cancer, two colon cancer, and a cervical cancer cell lines were selected to test K11 for 72 h at multiple concentrations to determine 50% effective doses. Results showed that the 14 cell lines were affected by K11 quantities lower than 10 μM. The structure of K11, which is particularly effective on breast cancers, can be used to slow down the progression of tumors. Furthermore, the discovery of more effective compounds can be carried out on the basis of this structure.
Comparative limb bone scaling in turtles: Phylogenetic transitions with changes in functional demands?
Authors: Young Vanessa K Hilliard , Baeza Juan Antonio , Blob Richard W.
Published: February 2019

Several terrestrial vertebrate clades include lineages that have evolved nearly exclusive use of aquatic habitats. In many cases, such transitions are associated with the evolution of flattened limbs that are used to swim via dorsoventral flapping. Such changes in shape may have been facilitated by changes in limb bone loading in novel aquatic environments. Studies on limb bone loading in turtles found that torsion is high relative to bending loads on land, but reduced compared to bending during aquatic rowing. Release from torsion among rowers could have facilitated the evolution of hydrodynamically advantageous flattened limbs among aquatic species. Because rowing is regarded as an intermediate locomotor stage between walking and flapping, rowing species might show limb bone flattening intermediate between the tubular shapes of walkers and the flattened shapes of flappers. We collected measurements of humeri and femora from specimens representing four functionally divergent turtle clades: sea turtles (marine flappers), softshells (specialized freshwater rowers), emydids (generalist semiaquatic rowers), and tortoises (terrestrial walkers). Patterns of limb bone scaling with size were compared across lineages using phylogenetic comparative methods. Although rowing taxa did not show the intermediate scaling patterns we predicted, our data provide other functional insights. For example, flattening of sea turtle humeri was associated with positive allometry (relative to body mass) for the limb bone diameter perpendicular to the flexion‐extension plane of the elbow. Moreover, softshell limb bones exhibit positive allometry of femoral diameters relative to body mass, potentially helping them maintain their typical benthic position in water by providing additional weight to compensate for shell reduction. Tortoise limb bones showed positive allometry of diameters, as well as long humeri, relative to body mass, potentially reflecting specializations for resisting loads associated with digging. Overall, scaling patterns of many turtle lineages appear to correlate with distinctive behaviors or locomotor habits.
A 10‐mW 3.9‐dB NF transformer‐based V‐band low‐noise amplifier in 65‐nm CMOS
Authors: Yu Yiming , Wu Yunqiu , Zhao Chenxi , Liu Huihua , Ban Yongling , Kang Kai
Published: February 2019

A V‐band low‐noise amplifier (LNA) employing a Gm‐boosting technique is presented in this paper. With the transformers, which are applied between the adjacent stages, the transconductances of the following transistors are boosted. Thus, the gain of the circuit is effectively enhanced. The noise figure (NF) is also decreased with the technique. Utilizing a commercial 65‐nm CMOS technology, the LNA is demonstrated. The measurement results show that the LNA achieves a maximum gain of 17.4 dB at 57.1 GHz with 10.9‐GHz 3‐dB gain bandwidth. The measured NF of the LNA is from 3.95 dB to 4.6 dB at 53 to 64 GHz. The tested input 1‐dB gain compression point (IP1dB) is −14.2 dBm at 57 GHz. The DC power consumption is only 10 mW with 1‐V power supply. The chip area is only 0.255 mm2 with all testing pads.
Microstrip transmission line model‐fitting approach for characterization of textile materials as dielectrics and conductors for wearable electronics
Authors: Le Duc , Kuang Ye , Ukkonen Leena , Björninen Toni
Published: February 2019

Characterization of unconventional materials is essential in the field of microwave engineering. In this study, we present a method for the microwave characterization of conductive and nonconductive textile materials. Our approach is based on fitting the material parameters of a numerical microstrip transmission line model so that the simulated signal transmission properties match with the data we measure from implemented test lines. Unlike many conventional test structures, such as cavity resonators and waveguides, microstrip lines can be readily manufactured in textile technology with rather relaxed tolerances in the fabrication process. In addition, our method provides estimates for all three key material parameters: frequency‐dependent relative permittivity and loss tangent of the nonconductive line substrate and the bulk conductivity of the strip conductor. For validation, we have characterized conventional microwave laminates and compared the data with the datasheets and literature and used our parameter estimates for the textile materials to optimize fully textile‐based low‐pass filters. Overall, the results confirm the applicability of our method for microwave engineering with textile materials.
Automatic analysis of cross‐sectional cerebral asymmetry on 3D in vivo MRI scans of human and chimpanzee
Authors: Xiang Li , Crow Timothy , Roberts Neil
Published: February 2019

One prominent feature of human brain asymmetry is the cerebral torque. To investigate whether this characteristic is shared with chimpanzees who are our closest extant relative, we developed an automatic method to compute cerebral hemisphere width and perimeter length on consecutive 2D sections through 3D MR images obtained in vivo for 91 human and 78 chimpanzee brains. In brief, contiguous inter‐hemispheric width and perimeter asymmetries were calculated on coronal sections, which in profile allow us to examine asymmetry in relation to speciation. The right frontal and left occipital asymmetry (greater posteriorly in females) distinguishes humans from chimpanzees. This result is consistent with a major saltational (discontinuity) event occurring at some point after the separation of humanity and the great apes in the last 6 million years.
Mining social networks to improve suicide prevention: A scoping review
Authors: Lopez‐Castroman Jorge , Moulahi Bilel , Azé Jérôme , Bringay Sandra , Deninotti Julie , Guillaume Sebastien , Baca‐Garcia Enrique
Published: February 2019

Attention about the risks of online social networks (SNs) has been called upon reports describing their use to express emotional distress and suicidal ideation or plans. On the Internet, cyberbullying, suicide pacts, Internet addiction, and “extreme” communities seem to increase suicidal behavior (SB). In this study, the scientific literature about SBs and SNs was narratively reviewed. Some authors focus on detecting at‐risk populations through data mining, identification of risks factors, and web activity patterns. Others describe prevention practices on the Internet, such as websites, screening, and applications. Targeted interventions through SNs are also contemplated when suicidal ideation is present. Multiple predictive models should be defined, implemented, tested, and combined in order to deal with the risk of SB through an effective decision support system. This endeavor might require a reorganization of care for SNs users presenting suicidal ideation.
Determination of trace amounts of aromatic amines after magnetic solid‐phase extraction using silver‐modified Fe3O4/graphene nanocomposite
Authors: Alasl Mohammad Reza Kashefi , Sohrabi Mahmoud Reza , Davallo Mehran
Published: February 2019

In this work, a fast and simple magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction methodology was developed utilizing Ag@magnetite nanoparticles@graphene nanocomposite as an efficient magnetic nanosorbent for preconcentration and determine of five aromatic amines in water samples. The sorbent was characterized by diverse characterization techniques. After the extraction, high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection was utilized to analysis the aromatic amines. The effects of different factors on the extraction process were studied thoroughly via design of experiment and desirability function. Detection limits and linear dynamic ranges were obtained in the range of 0.10–0.20 and 0.3–300 μg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations (n = 5) were in the range of 4.3–6.5%. Eventually, the method was employed for determination of target aromatic amines in various water samples.
Greater sage‐grouse response to bentonite mining
Authors: Pratt Aaron C. , Beck Jeffrey L.
Published: February 2019

The greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage‐grouse) has undergone range contraction and population decline because of anthropogenic land surface disturbances; yet, there is little information on the effects of mining on sage‐grouse populations. In the Bighorn Basin of Montana and Wyoming, USA, bentonite mining is a growing source of surface disturbance that contributes to loss of sagebrush (Artemisiaspp.) habitat. We evaluated the response of sage‐grouse to active and reclaimed bentonite mining, relative to nesting, brood‐rearing, adult breeding, and adult winter habitat, through resource selection and habitat‐specific mortality risk analyses, based on female sage‐grouse (n = 321) monitored with telemetry from 2011–2015. A greater proportion of our monitored sample was exposed to mining disturbance during winter (65%) than during other seasons (range = 25%–34%). We observed avoidance of all mining disturbance for selection of nesting habitat (n = 378 nests), adult breeding habitat (n = 1,978 locations), and adult winter habitat (n = 1,365 locations). Evidence was inconclusive for avoidance of mining for brood‐rearing habitat (n = 754 locations). We also observed increased adult breeding season mortality risk (n = 62 mortality events;n = 285 female sage‐grouse) associated with active mining disturbance but observed no effect on nest success (n = 207 mortality events;n = 378 nests). Evidence was inconclusive for increased mortality risk associated with broods (n = 48 mortality events;n = 157 broods) and adults during winter (n = 31 mortality events;n = 220 female sage‐grouse). Stakeholders in the Bighorn Basin should be flexible and proactive to minimize the negative effects of bentonite mining on sage‐grouse habitat use and demographic rates. Stakeholders should prioritize the conservation of winter habitats because of the influence on a greater proportion of the population and because of the lower regulatory priority given to winter habitat and they should strive to perfect mining reclamation to return disturbed sites back to pre‐disturbance conditions to minimize long‐term effects of the mines on sage‐grouse. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Slow Cooling of High‐Energy C Excitons Is Limited by Intervalley‐Transfer in Monolayer MoS2
Authors: Li Yuanzheng , Shi Jia , Chen Heyu , Mi Yang , Du Wenna , Sui Xinyu , Jiang Chuanxiu , Liu Weizhen , Xu Haiyang , Liu Xinfeng
Published: February 2019

High‐energy C exciton in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides with strong photon absorption can be utilized prospectively in light‐harvesting and opto‐electric devices. Here, a detailed study on C exciton dynamics in monolayer MoS2 is presented by femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. In the experiment, the C exciton with unique parallel band structure exhibits a slow process within tens of picoseconds (≈10–50 ps) as well as a fast process within several picoseconds (≈1–6 ps) instead of previous reported ultrafast cooling (<500 fs) process. From TA spectroscopy, the experimental results confirmed that the relatively slow cooling of C exciton is mainly limited by the rates of intervalley transfer rather than Pauli blocking effect from band‐edge excitons. The timescale of intervalley transfer is longer than that of intraband relaxation of C exciton, therefore, leading to the slow cooling of C exciton. Moreover, intervalley transfer time are estimated with two processes of 5.1 ± 0.6 ps and 69.5 ± 8 ps when the pump fluence is ≈127 µJ cm−2. This work provides further understanding of the ultrafast dynamics of C exciton in monolayer MoS2 and opens new opportunities for opto‐electric related applications.
On Ricci negative solvmanifolds and their nilradicals
Authors: Deré Jonas , Lauret Jorge
Published: February 2019

In the homogeneous case, the only curvature behavior which is still far from being understood is Ricci negative. In this paper, we study which nilpotent Lie algebras admit a Ricci negative solvable extension. Different unexpected behaviors were found. On the other hand, given a nilpotent Lie algebra, we consider the space of all the derivations such that the corresponding solvable extension has a metric with negative Ricci curvature. Using the nice convexity properties of the moment map for the variety of nilpotent Lie algebras, we obtain a useful characterization of such derivations and some applications.
Amelioration of Dystonic Opisthotonus in Pantothenate Kinase‐Associated Neurodegeneration Syndrome with Absent “Eye‐of‐the‐Tiger” Sign Following Bilateral Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Mohd Fauzi Nor Amelia , Mohamed Ibrahim Norlinah , Mohamed Mukari Shahizon Azura , Jegan Thanabalan , Abdul Aziz Zariah
Published: February 2019

View Supplementary Video 1

View Supplementary Video 2
Palatal Tremor with Progressive Ataxia Secondary to A Dural Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Peikert Kevin , Gerber Johannes , Winzer Simon , Schäfer Jochen , Reichmann Heinz , Hermann Andreas
Published: February 2019

View Supplementary Video 1
Exome sequencing in 51 early onset non‐familial CRC cases
Authors: Thutkawkorapin Jessada , Lindblom Annika , Tham Emma
Published: February 2019

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) cases with an age of onset <40 years suggests a germline genetic cause. In total, 51 simplex cases were included to test the hypothesis of CRC as a mendelian trait caused by either heterozygous autosomal dominant or bi‐allelic autosomal recessive pathogenic variants.

Methods

The cohort was whole exome sequenced (WES) at 100× coverage. Both a dominant‐ and recessive model were used for searching predisposing genetic factors. In addition, we assayed recessive variants of potential moderate risk that were enriched in our young‐onset CRC cohort. Variants were filtered using a candidate cancer gene list or by selecting variants more likely to be pathogenic based on variant type (e.g., loss‐of‐function) or allele frequency.

Results

We identified one pathogenic variant in PTEN in a patient subsequently confirmed to have a hereditary hamartoma tumor syndrome (Cowden syndrome) and one patient with a pathogenic heterozygous variant in PMS2 that was originally not identified by WES due to low quality reads resulting from pseudogenes. In addition, we identified three heterozygous candidate missense variants in known cancer susceptibility genes (BMPR1A, BRIP1, and SRC), three truncating variants in possibly novel cancer genes (CLSPN, SEC24B, SSH2) and four candidate missense variants in ACACA, NR2C2, INPP4A, and DIDO1. We also identify five possible autosomal recessive candidate genes: ATP10B, PKHD1, UGGT2, MYH13, TFF3.

Conclusion

Two clear pathogenic variants were identified in patients that had not been identified clinically. Thus, the chance of detecting a hereditary cancer syndrome in patients with CRC at young age but without family history is 2/51 (4%) and therefore the clinical benefit of genetic testing in this patient group is low. Of note, using stringent filtering, we have identified a total of ten candidate heterozygous variants and five possibly biallelic autosomal recessive candidate genes that warrant further study.
Effects of MTNR1B genetic variants on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Shen Ling‐long , Jin Yin
Published: February 2019

Background

Whether melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) variants are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. Therefore, we performed this meta‐analysis to better explore correlations between MTNR1B variants and T2DM.

Methods

Literature research was performed in PubMed, Medline, and Embase. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

Results

Totally 21 studies were enrolled to analyses. Pooled overall analyses showed that MTNR1B rs10830963 variant was significantly correlated with the susceptibility to T2DM (allele model: p = 0.02, OR = 0.97, 95% CI 0.95–1.00). Further subgroup analyses by ethnicity of participants revealed that rs10830963 variant was significantly correlated with the susceptibility to T2DM in South Asians, but not in Caucasians or East Asians. No any other positive results were found in overall and subgroup analyses.

Conclusions

Our findings indicated that MTNR1B rs10830963 variant might serve as a genetic biomarker of T2DM, especially in South Asians.
Gracilis musculotendinous free flap for lower extremity reconstruction after surgical removal of malignant tumors: A report of five cases
Authors: Pedreira Rachel , Calotta Nicholas A. , Deune E. Gene
Published: February 2019

Background

Lower extremity reconstruction is challenging because of the need to restore form and function. Despite the many options for soft‐tissue coverage, little research has addressed combined tendon and soft‐tissue reconstitution. We present a series of patients undergoing lower extremity tendon reconstruction and wound coverage with a single free gracilis flap and its tendon.

Methods

We studied five patients (age range, 51–81 years) undergoing lower limb reconstruction for defects involving soft tissue and tendon between 1998 and 2016 in the senior author's practice. Wounds (all in the foot and ankle region) were caused by sarcoma (n = 4) and Merkel cell carcinoma (n = 1) and ranged from 6.5–10 × 8–12 cm. Donor tendons, 2–18 cm long, were used to reconstruct the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor retinaculum. Patient characteristics and outcomes were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

Reconstructions used a gracilis muscle free flap and its tendon. Flap sizes ranged 5–6.5 × 11–14 cm. Complications were one case of cellulitis and one case of reoperation for flap thinning and tenolysis. All patients had at least 7 months of follow‐up (mean: 37 months; range: 7–104 months). At latest follow‐up, all patients were ambulatory. On average, patients resumed assisted ambulation 27 days postoperatively and unassisted ambulation 62 days postoperatively.

Conclusions

For complex wounds with soft‐tissue and tendinous defects, the gracilis muscle free flap may be a reconstructive option. We recommend it be considered as a single‐donor incision option for lower extremity reconstruction.
Nanoplasmonic concurrent dual band antennas using metal‐insulator‐metal step impedance resonators
Authors: Chityala Ravi Kiran
Published: February 2019

Nanoplasmonic antennas are the one of the major elements in the recognition of upcoming nanoscale wireless communication systems. In this paper, the design and analysis of two multiband antennas operating at optical bands O and L bands, using metal‐insulator‐metal (MIM) slot waveguide based step impedance resonators (SIRs) and coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed line has been investigated. The simulation results of the two antennas (A) and (B) are obtained by using full wave simulation software (CST Microwave Studio Suite) with the return loss −20 dB and −30.79 dB at desired optical bands. The antenna (A) has a gain of 8 dBi and 7.48 dBi at 1275 nm and 1616 nm wavelengths, similarly antenna (B) has a gain of 8.46 dBi and 6.23 dBi at 1294 nm and 1613 nm wavelengths. The radiation pattern of the simulated results shows the omnidirectional pattern at desired wavelengths, which is very useful for nanoscale wireless communication systems.
A comparative study of high‐power low‐pass filters for satellite communications
Authors: Ala Ramin , Ahmadi Behzad
Published: February 2019

Two different types of low‐pass filters, including the waffle‐iron and the tapered corrugated waveguide filter, are designed at the same frequency band to provide an in‐depth vision of their superiorities and applications. The wide‐band nature of these structures finds applications in satellite communications which needs low‐loss filters. Both filters are built and measurements are performed. Multipaction simulations are also performed. Good agreement is observed between simulation and measurement results. Specifications of them such as size, spurious‐free region, power handling, and multipactor are presented in the comparative data and examinations.
An X‐band single‐pull class A/B power amplifier in 0.18 μm CMOS
Authors: Trinh Van‐Son , Park Jung‐Dong
Published: February 2019

We report a compact single‐pull X‐band power amplifier (PA) operating at the class AB utilizing on‐chip transformers in 0.18‐μm 1P6M CMOS technology. Designed X‐band PA includes the interstage matching network and the output power combiner by utilizing on‐chip transformers to achieve small area occupation with improved power added efficiency (PAE). A series RC network is employed between gate and drain of the MOS to provide stable operation with improved bandwidth. The designed PA measures the saturated output power of 18 dBm while the achieved power gain is 19.2 dB at 8 GHz. The output 1‐dB gain compression point (OP1dB) is 14.9 dBm, and the peak PAE is measured to be 22.6% under the supply of 1.8 V. The core chip size is 0.43 mm2 excluding the pads.
A solar‐powered 2.4 GHz injection‐locked oscillator for RF amplification
Authors: Wu Jian‐Ming , Yang Zong‐Ying , Ke Sian‐Wei
Published: February 2019

A 2.4 GHz solar‐powered injection‐locked oscillator (ILO) is developed to boost harvested low‐power radiofrequency (RF) signals for energy harvesting applications. This work proposes a solar‐powered ILO with self‐powering that has a high power efficiency. A solar panel with a regulator circuit directly converts solar power into the electrical power of the ILO. The presented ILO design is based on a single‐ended Clapp oscillator. A direct injection method is used to reduce the power that is consumed by the ILO. The ILO is designed and implemented using Agilent's GaAs HEMT ATF55143. Measurements of the solar‐powered ILO are made and its amplification, or gain, performance is studied; the gain is 18.7 dB. The supply voltage that is applied to the ILO is 1.5 V and the power consumption (PDC) is 1.5 mW.
A planar end‐fire circularly polarized complementary Yagi antenna
Authors: Dong Gaoya , Wang Weimin , Liu Yuanan
Published: February 2019

A novel end‐fire circularly polarized (CP) antenna is presented by integrating a vertically polarized magnetic Yagi array, a horizontally polarized electric Yagi array, various lengths of the directors and common driven elements. Slots with nine Jesus crosses are etched on the common driven elements to extend the impedance matching bandwidth of magnetic Yagi array, while various length of directors are employed to obtain wide axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. The designed CP antenna is both numerically and experimentally validated, and experimental results agree well with electromagnetic simulated results. The fractional impedance bandwidth for ∣S
11∣ < 10 dB is up to 20.7%, and AR bandwidth of less than 3 dB is up to 16.0% in fraction.
Microstrip quad‐channel diplexer using quad‐mode square ring resonators
Authors: Zhang Jinli , Pang Doudou , Wang Wei , He Ming , Chen Haihua , Ji Lu
Published: February 2019

A new compact microstrip quad‐channel diplexer using quad‐mode square ring resonators (QMSRRs) is proposed. The quad‐channel diplexer is composed of two QMSRRs. A structure consists of two QMSRRs together with one common input and two output coupling lines is proposed, which can remove the matching network and therefore reduce the absolute size of the diplexer. The proposed QMSRR has two transmission zeros at the frequencies between the four resonant frequencies, which can be controlled by changing the length and impedance ratio of the QMSRR. Simulation and measurement results show that the resultant diplexer is of a small circuit size and a high isolation.
Onion‐bulb patterns predict acquired or inherited demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Tracy Jennifer A. , Dyck Peter J. , Klein Christopher J. , Engelstad JaNean K. , Meyer Jane E. , Dyck P. James B.
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Onion‐bulbs (OB) are concentrically layered Schwann‐cell processes, surrounding nerve fibers, occurring in both inherited and acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies. We investigated whether OB patterns (generalized, mixed, or focal) correlate with acquired or inherited neuropathies.

Methods

One hundred thirty‐one OB‐rich nerve biopsies were graded for OB pattern and inflammation without knowledge of clinical history. We classified inherited (n = 49) or acquired (n = 82) neuropathies based solely on clinical history.

Results

Fifty‐one biopsies had generalized (34 inherited vs. 17 acquired, P < 0.001), 54 mixed (48 acquired vs. 6 inherited, P < 0.001), and 26 focal/multifocal (inherited [n = 9], acquired [n = 17]) OB. Inflammation occurred more frequently in acquired (n = 54) than inherited (n = 14) neuropathy (P = 0.004).

Discussion

Generalized OB correlates with inherited neuropathy; mixed OB with acquired. Inflammation occurs more in acquired neuropathy cases. OB patterns are best explained by ubiquitous Schwann‐cell involvement in inherited and multifocal Schwann‐cell involvement in acquired neuropathies and predict the electrophysiology of uniform demyelination in inherited and unequal demyelination in acquired neuropathies. Muscle Nerve 59:665–670, 2019
Numerical and theoretical research on stress distribution in the loosening zone of the trapdoor problem
Authors: Liang Luju , Xu Changjie
Published: February 2019

The traditional theory of soil arching effect was developed on the assumption that stress distribution in the loosening zone is uniform. However, because of the deflection of principal stress' direction, the stress distribution in the loosening zone is actually ununiform. For the evaluation of principal stress axis deflection and stress redistribution, a discrete element method numerical model of trapdoor problem is established for the simulation of soil arching effect. Based on the numerical results, an arc shape of major principal stress trajectory and uniform horizontal stress distribution at the same depth of the loosening zone are adopted. An analytical model is raised to estimate the average loosening earth pressure acting on the trapdoor and stress distribution in the loosening zone at a limit state. In addition, comparison studies are carried out between the predictions of the proposed solutions and discrete element method numerical results as well as available model test results, thereby validating the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model. Both numerical and theoretical results indicate that the vertical stress distribution in the loosening zone is obviously ununiform. The load acting in the middle of loosening zone is transferred toward two sides so that the vertical stress distribution in loosening zone is concave.
“If you Build it with them, they will come”: What makes a supermarket intervention successful in a food desert?
Authors: Brinkley Catherine , Glennie Charlotte , Chrisinger Benjamin , Flores Jose
Published: February 2019

Using 71 planned supermarket interventions in food deserts, this study assesses the interplay between regional geography, management models, policy drivers, financing, and timing. We find that community engagement and cooperative management models are important factors to opening and sustaining a new store, contributing to subsequent improvements in the foodscape, built environment, and diet‐related health. Findings show that none of the nonprofit or community‐driven stores have closed whereas nearly half of the commercial‐driven and one third of government‐driven cases resulted in canceled plans or closed stores. Our research suggests community engagement is a critical component of effective policies for healthy food access. Future studies may wish to include measurements of community engagement with their case studies to better situate explanatory findings.
Electrical properties, cyclic voltammetry, and anticancer activities of N‐(4‐(2‐hydrazinyl‐2‐oxoethoxy)phenyl) acetamide complexes
Authors: Morsi Reham M.M. , Mandour Howida S. , Fathi Ahlam M. , Awad Hanem M.
Published: February 2019

A series of Cu (II), Mn (II), Co (II), Zn (II), Cr (III), and VO (IV) complexes with N‐(4‐(2‐hydrazinyl‐2‐oxoethoxy)phenyl) acetamide (HL) were synthesized. The electrical properties of HL and its Cu (II), Co (II), Zn (II), and Cr (III) complexes were measured in the 298 to 373 K temperature range. The activation energy of each of these metal complexes was estimated. The conductivities of the metal complexes with HL increase with increasing temperature, revealing their semiconducting nature and potential for use in electronic devices. The complexes exhibited higher conductivities than HL itself. The kinetic parameters of these complexes, such as their stability constants (Kc values) and Gibbs free energies (∆G°), were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry. These parameters indicated that the prepared compounds exhibited better stability and adsorption properties than paracetamol (PA), which is the parent compound of these species. The complexes were more cytotoxic than the ligand towards MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells.
A brief intervention to enhance breast cancer clinicians' communication about sexual health: Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes
Authors: Reese Jennifer Barsky , Lepore Stephen J. , Daly Mary B. , Handorf Elizabeth , Sorice Kristen A. , Porter Laura S. , Tulsky James A. , Beach Mary Catherine
Published: February 2019

Objective

Sexual concerns are often unaddressed for breast cancer patients; one reason is inadequate clinician training. We examined the feasibility, acceptability, and potential benefits of a novel intervention, improving Sexual Health and Augmenting Relationships through Education (iSHARE) for breast cancer clinicians.

Methods

Clinicians received training in communicating about sexual concerns with breast cancer patients. Intervention feasibility and acceptability were measured through enrollment/participation and postintervention program evaluations, respectively. Intervention effects were assessed through (1) clinician self‐reported beliefs about sexual health communication, assessed at baseline, post‐intervention, and 1‐ or 6‐month follow‐up, (2) clinical communication coded from audio recorded, transcribed clinic encounters at preintervention or postintervention, and (3) patient satisfaction with clinical care, reported immediately after the clinic visit. Patients also reported sociodemographic characteristics and level of sexual concerns.

Results

Seven breast cancer clinicians enrolled (88% participation), completed the intervention, and were audio recorded in clinic encounters with 134 breast cancer outpatients (67 each at preintervention or postintervention). Program evaluations supported intervention acceptability. Effect sizes suggest iSHARE increased clinicians' self‐efficacy (d = 0.27) and outcome expectancies for communicating about sexual concerns (d = 0.69) and reduced communication barriers (d = −0.14). Clinicians' sexual health communication behaviors increased from baseline to postintervention, including for raising the topic (28% vs 48%), asking questions (33% vs 45%), and offering information (18% vs 24%). Neither patient satisfaction nor duration of sexual health communication changed (mean duration less than 1 minute at both time points).

Conclusions

The iSHARE intervention was feasible and well received by clinicians and may change breast cancer clinicians' beliefs and communication behaviors regarding sexual health.
Current status and advances in arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid peptide‐based molecular imaging to evaluate the effects of anti‐angiogenic therapies
Authors: Cui Jin , Yue Jin Bo
Published: February 2019

It is known that tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis are all dependent on tumor angiogenesis. Persistent angiogenesis is a characteristic of malignant tumors. Quantification of neovascularization in malignant tumors is considered to be an important independent prognostic marker. Integrin αvβ3 plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) peptides can specifically bind to integrin αvβ3. Radiolabeled RGD molecular probes can be used to visualize tumor blood vessels, monitor their changes before and after anti‐angiogenic treatment, and predict the curative effect of anti‐angiogenic drugs. As a highly specific marker, the radiolabeled RGD peptide can be used for molecular imaging of malignant tumors, and serve as a tool for early diagnosis, treatment, and detection of anti‐angiogenesis effects in tumors. The method is gradually beginning to be applied in research and clinical angiography for visualization of various tumors. Results obtained in some animal experiments and clinical trials have verified the effectiveness of radiolabeled RGD peptide imaging for the evaluation of anti‐angiogenic therapy efficacy. However, to verify the feasibility of this method and to extensively implement it, more in‐depth clinical and preclinical trials are required.
Inhibition of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis prevents periurethral collagen accumulation and lower urinary tract dysfunction in vivo
Authors: Macoska Jill A. , Wang Zunyi , Virta Johanna , Zacharias Nicholas , Bjorling Dale E.
Published: February 2019

Background

Several studies show that prostatic fibrosis is associated with male lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Development of fibrosis is typically attributed to signaling through the transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) pathway, but our laboratory has demonstrated that in vitro treatment of human prostatic fibroblasts with the C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) chemokine stimulates myofibroblast phenoconversion and that CXCL12 has the capacity to activate profibrotic pathways in these cells in a TGF‐β‐independent manner. We have previously reported that feeding mice high‐fat diet (HFD) results in obesity, type II diabetes, increased prostatic fibrosis, and urinary voiding dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that in vivo blockade of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis would inhibit the development of fibrosis‐mediated LUTD in HFD‐fed mice.

Methods

Two‐month‐old male senescence‐accelerated mouse prone‐6 mice were fed either a HFD or low‐fat diet (LFD) for 8 months. Half of each dietary group were given constant access to normal water or water that contained the C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4; CXCL12 receptor) antagonist CXCR4AIII. At the conclusion of the study, mice were weighed, subjected to oral glucose tolerance testing and cystometry, and lower urinary tract tissues collected and assessed for collagen content.

Results

HFD‐fed mice became significantly obese, insulin resistant, and hyperglycemic, consistent with acquisition of metabolic syndrome, compared with LFD‐fed mice. Anesthetized cystometry demonstrated that HFD‐fed mice experienced significantly longer intercontractile intervals and greater functional bladder capacity than LFD‐fed mice. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated high levels of CXCR4 and CXCR7 staining in mouse prostate epithelial and stromal cells. Picrosirius red staining indicated significantly greater periurethral collagen deposition in the prostates of HFD than LFD‐fed mice. Treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist CXCR4AIII did not affect acquisition of metabolic syndrome but did reduce both urinary voiding dysfunction and periurethral prostate collagen accumulation.

Conclusions

This is the first study to report that obesity‐induced lower urinary tract fibrosis and voiding dysfunction can be repressed by antagonizing the activity of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in vivo. These data suggest that targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway may be a clinical option for the prevention or treatment of human male LUTD.
Preparation, characterization and antifungal activity of pyraclostrobin solid nanodispersion by self‐emulsifying technique
Authors: Wang Chunxin , Guo Liang , Yao Junwei , Wang Anqi , Gao Fei , Zhao Xiang , Zeng Zhanghua , Wang Yan , Sun Changjiao , Cui Haixin , Cui Bo
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

Pathogenic fungi are the causal agents of 70–80% of plant diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to explore new and high effective fungicides. Constructing nanoscale fungicides using nanomaterial and nanotechnology has attracted wide attention in recent years.

RESULTS

In this research, a pyraclostrobin solid nanodispersion (PSND) was prepared using the self‐emulsifying method. The solid nanodispersion had a mean particle size of 20 nm and a zeta potential of ‐29.3 mV. The solubility and dissolution rate of the PSND increased owing to the decrease in particle size and the actions of the surfactants. The contact angle and retention volumes of the PSND on cucumber and cabbage leaf surfaces were greater than those of the commercial water dispersible granule. In addition, the median lethal concentration against Fusarium oxysporum was 0.7 43 µg mL−1. The toxicity of the nanoparticles was 4.5 times that of the water dispersible granule (WDG). The high fungicidal activity of PSND promoted the production of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). The activity levels of the antioxidant enzymes containing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) decreased in F. oxysporum.

CONCLUSION

The research introduced a new method for preparing insoluble pyraclostrobin solid nanoformulation for fungicides to enhance the fungicidal activity and reduce environmental pollution. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of permethrin and etofenprox cross‐tolerance in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Tucker Nicholas SG , Kaufman Phillip E , Weeks Emma NI
Published: February 2019

Background

The brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Latreille; Acari: Ixodidae), is a peridomestic ectoparasite of dogs and occasionally humans. In some populations, lack of integrated pest management practices and overuse of pesticides has resulted in high levels of resistance to multiple active ingredients. In this study, we established the etofenprox discriminating concentration (DC) and three additional screening concentrations to evaluate resistance status. Using mortality results, cross‐resistance was investigated in brown dog tick populations from five geographically disparate regions, including Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, and the Caribbean, following exposure to the DC for both etofenprox and permethrin separately. Subsequently, using both larval packet tests and molecular methods, etofenprox resistance was investigated.

Results

The etofenprox DC was set at 0.51%, which allows for the rapid screening of peridomestic brown dog tick populations for resistance to this active ingredient. Cross‐tolerance to two sodium channel‐inhibiting pesticides, permethrin and etofenprox, was observed in one population.

Conclusion

Our study has provided a single etofenprox concentration that can be used in larval packet tests to determine resistance status in collected peridomestic brown dog ticks, which is particularly important when a single to a few engorged adult ticks are provided for evaluation. Although metabolic resistance is presumed to be the primary resistance mechanism, a sodium channel mutation also confers tolerance to etofenprox at the DC. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Stability of cyflumetofen resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus and its correlation with glutathione‐S‐transferase gene expression
Authors: Feng Kaiyang , Yang Yuwei , Wen Xiang , Ou Shiyuan , Zhang Ping , Yu Qian , Zhang Yichao , Shen Guangmao , Xu Zhifeng , Li Jinhang , He Lin
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

Cyflumetofen is an outstanding acaricide with a novel mode of action. Tetranychus cinnabarinus, an important agricultural pest, is notorious for developing resistance to most classes of acaricides rapidly and results in enormous loss for the economy. Our previous study had pointed out glutathione S‐transferase (GSTs) significantly contributed to the cyflumetofen‐resistance formation in T. cinnabarinus, but the more specific mechanism needed to be further investigated.

RESULTS

The unstable resistance was observed in cyflumetofen‐resistant strain (CyR)under acaricide‐free condition. The activity of GSTs increased along with the development of resistance. The expressions of 13 GST genes were detected in CyR and susceptible strain (SS), of which six genes were overexpressed in CyR and the TcGSTm02 was selected as the representative for functional study. The expression of TcGSTm02 changed along with the resistant level of CyR with the same trend. Recombinant protein of TcGSTm02 with high activity was successfully obtained by E. coli expression system, whose activity could be inhibited by cyflumetofen (IC50 = 0.23 mM). Recombinant TcGSTm02 could effectively decompose cyflumetofen, and catalyze GS− to conjugate with cyflumetofen.

CONCLUSION

All clues confirmed that GSTs strongly associated with cyflumetofen‐resistance and a representative gene, TcGSTm02, showed function on contributing the evolution of cyflumetofen‐resistance in T. cinnabarinus. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Transparent Conductive Oxides and Their Applications in Near Infrared Plasmonics
Authors: Wang Zhewei , Chen Chaonan , Wu Ke , Chong Haining , Ye Hui
Published: February 2019

Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) have been widely used as an important component of optoelectronic devices. They are required to exhibit high performance in both visible‐range transparency and electronic conductivity simultaneously. In near infrared (NIR) wavelength, these highly doped semiconductor oxide materials exhibit a drop in their real part of dielectric permittivity from positive to negative. In other words, the epsilon‐near‐zero (ENZ) frequency of TCO is located in NIR spectral regime. On the other hand, the imaginary part of the permittivity is relatively low which implies less optical loss when compared to noble metals. This “metal‐like” permittivity dispersion characteristic of TCOs means their capability to support surface plasmons (SPs) in the NIR regime. In this paper, a summary of various physical parameters of commonly used TCOs such as ITO, AZO, and FTO, etc., is given. These parameters include carrier density, carrier mobility, plasma frequency, and ENZ wavelength. The difference among these parameters determines their diverse performance in infrared range. In this paper, the important role of TCOs for applications in the NIR/IR wavelength ranges are reinforced, as they are demonstrated in the visible range.
X‐Ray Fluorescence Holography Analysis of Local Structure in CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2
Authors: Shirakata Sho , Happo Naohisa , Hosokawa Shinya
Published: February 2019

X‐ray fluorescence holography (XFH) is carried out using a synchrotron radiation on CuInSe2 and CuGaSe2 single crystals, which is powerful for the investigation of local atomic structure by three‐dimensional atom image. Incident X‐ray energies (9.7–12.7 keV) are used to excite the Cu Kα fluorescent X‐ray. Atom images are regenerated by Fourier transformation. In the cation plane in CuInSe2 (z = 0), the cation atom spots observed are the 2nd (In), 4th (Cu), 8th (Cu), and 10th (In) – nearest neighbor (NN) of the central Cu atom. For the anion plane (z = c/8) of CuInSe2, Se atoms spots, 1st and 3rd NN of Cu, are observed. Se atom spots are seen to deviate from the regular tetrahedral position due to the bond length difference between Cu‐Se bond and In‐Se bond. In the CuGaSe2 epitaxial layer (300 nm) grown on (100) GaAs, the cation plane exhibits clear atom spots of Cu and Ga atoms up to10th (Ga) NN of Cu. In the anion plane (z = c/8), only 1st NN Se atom spots are observed, and those of 3rd NN atom spots are not been observed. These results are discussed with relation to the perturbation acting on the Se atoms.
In Situ Synthesis of CNTs/Cu Nanocomposites and the Electronic Transport Properties
Authors: Wang Dongxing , Li Da , Muhammad Javid , Zhou Yuanliang , Shah Asif , Dong Xinglong , Zhang Zhidong
Published: February 2019

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Cu nanocomposite has been in situ fabricated by an arc‐discharge plasma approach. It is found that the herringbone‐bamboo‐shaped CNTs grow with assistance of Cu catalyst through an instantaneous vapor–liquid–solid (VSL) mechanism. Dielectric behavior dominates the electronic transport of CNTs/Cu nanocomposite, however, it is conductively modified by the metallic Cu nanoparticles, the residual catalyst exists in the nanocomposite. Temperature‐dependent resistivity of CNTs/Cu nanocomposite reveals that a transition from Mott–David (MD) variable range hopping (VRH) to Shklovskii–Efros (SE) VRH happens at the temperature of ≈10.7 K, which is further supported by theoretically calculated MD–SE crossover temperature TC = 10.6 K. The Coulomb gap ΔC = 0.14 meV is obtained for the CNTs/Cu nanocomposites, which is greatly significant to understand the conductive modification of CNTs by a metallic additive.
Analysis of Unusual and Instantaneous Overshoot of Response Transients in Gas Sensors
Authors: Suresh Sreya , Urs Kusuma M. B. , Vasudevan Anupama T. , Sriram Sharath , Kamble Vinayak B.
Published: February 2019

Hydrogen is known to diffuse through particular planes of ZnO crystals. However, in spite of being an established gas sensor material, such diffusion related effects have not been reported in gas sensor properties of ZnO in the literature to the best of our knowledge. Here, we report a prominent overshoot observed in the response transients of single crystalline large ZnO microrods sensor upon exposure to hydrogen gas. This overshoot intensity and time has been found to vary systematically with the temperature as well as gas concentration. In spite of larger size of rods (diameter ≈1–3 µm), it shows a very high response of nearly 950% for 1000 ppm hydrogen at 300 °C. The observed overshoot is very prominent at temperatures below 300 °C. This unusual behavior has been attributed to the bulk diffusion of atomic hydrogen into the subsurface of ZnO microrods. The coefficient of diffusivity, estimated from the time of overshoot, is found to be typically 10−15 m2 s−1, at 250 °C, and its thermal activation energy has been found to be 0.22 eV. The lack of grain boundaries within the microrods and surface gradient driven diffused hydrogen species have been proposed as the origin of unusual overshoot profiles.