bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of Extraordinary Size Effect on CaRuO3 Ultrathin Films
Authors: Sakoda M. , Kouda M. , Shinya K. , Shimoda S.
Published: April 2023

In a previous report, 25 Å periodic metal–insulator transitions dependent on the thickness of CaRuO3 ultrathin films were discovered. Compared to the conventional size effect caused by quantum wells, the rate of change is a few billions of times greater at low temperatures. Although the electrical resistivity of insulating state differs by several orders with the film thickness, the enhancement trigger was not clarified. In this study, it is clarified that the magnitude of the extraordinary size effect varies with the element supply ratio owing to precise control of the molecular beam rates of calcium and ruthenium. The supplied calcium over ruthenium ratio Ca/Ru = 1.2–1.8 during CaRuO3 deposition results in a stoichiometric ratio of Ca:Ru = 1:1 on the CaRuO3 films. Calcium‐rich elemental supply conditions result in large electrical resistivity variations. Electrical resistivity oscillations with periods of T = 23.4 and 26.3 Å are observed for the growth conditions of Ca/Ru = 1.2 and 1.6, respectively. Furthermore, a flat surface with a roughness of ≈2 Å is required to observe the size effect. Thus, the insulation of an extraordinary size effect is enhanced in CaRuO3 ultrathin films grown under the condition of calcium‐rich Ca/Ru ≈ 1.6.
Agroforestry buffers on nitrogen reduction in groundwater on a grazed hillslope
Authors: Salceda Miguel , Udawatta Ranjith P. , Anderson Stephen H. , Mendis Sidath S. , Liu Fengjing
Published: April 2023

Agricultural practices often contribute to the transport of solutes into groundwater; thus, low‐cost strategies that extract nutrients from groundwater are essential to address water pollution. This study evaluated the effects of agroforestry (tree + grass; AB [cottonwood {Populus deltoides Bortr. ex Marsh.}]) and grass buffers (GB; [tall fescue Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub, Red clover {Trifolium pretense L.}, and Lespedeza {Lespedeza Michx}]) on groundwater nitrogen (N) concentrations. The experiment consisted of two grazing watersheds, one with an AB and another with a GB treatment. Buffers were not grazed since 2001. Three wells representing summit, backslope, and foot‐slope positions were installed at each watershed. Water samples were collected biweekly from November 2019 to January 2022 and analyzed for total nitrogen (TN) and dissolved N (DN). Dissolved nitrogen (DN) and TN concentrations after the AB in the foot‐slope well were 99% (5.36–0.06 mg L−1) and 85% (9.04–1.37 mg L−1) lower than the mean concentration of the summit and backslope wells. Similarly, DN and TN concentrations after the GB in the foot‐slope well were 94% (1.95–0.11 mg L−1) and 62% (2.86–1.07 mg L−1), lower than the mean concentration of the summit and backslope wells. Dissolved N concentrations were lower during warm periods probably due to plant uptake and denitrification in the buffer zone. Results showed that buffers, especially with deep‐rooted trees in the proximity of the water table, decreased TN and DN concentrations in groundwater and can be used as a conservation practice to address water pollution.
Long‐term quality of life after treatment in sinonasal malignancy: A prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Maoz Sabrina L. , Wang Eric W. , Hwang Peter H. , Choby Garret , Kuan Edward C. , Fleseriu Cara M. , Chan Erik P. , Adappa Nithin D. , Geltzeiler Mathew , Getz Anne E. , Humphreys Ian M. , Le Christopher H. , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Chang Eugene H. , Jafari Aria , Kingdom Todd T. , Kohanski Michael A. , Lee Jivianne K. , Lazor Jillian W. , Nabavizadeh Ali , Nayak Jayakar V. , Palmer James N. , Patel Zara M. , Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos D. , Resnick Adam C. , Smith Timothy L. , Snyderman Carl H. , St. John Maie A. , Storm Phillip B. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Wang Marilene B. , Sim Myung S. , Beswick Daniel M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Quality of life (QOL) for individuals with sinonasal malignancy (SNM) is significantly under‐studied, yet it is critical for counseling and may impact treatment. In this study we evaluated how patient, treatment, and disease factors impact sinonasal‐specific and generalized QOL using validated metrics in a large cohort over a 5‐year posttreatment time frame.

Methods

Patients with SNM who underwent definitive treatment with curative intent were enrolled in a prospective, multisite, longitudinal observational study. QOL was assessed using the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and University of Washington Quality of Life Questionnaire (UWQOL) instruments at pretreatment baseline and multiple follow‐ups through 5 years posttreatment. Multivariable modeling was used to determine demographic, disease, and treatment factors associated with disease‐specific and generalized physical and social/emotional function QOL.

Results

One hundred ninety‐four patients with SNM were analyzed. All QOL indices were impaired at pretreatment baseline and improved after treatment. SNOT‐22 scores improved 3 months and UWQOL scores improved 6 to 9 months posttreatment. Patients who underwent open compared with endoscopic tumor resection had worse generalized QOL (p < 0.001), adjusted for factors including T stage. Pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) involvement was associated with worse QOL (SNOT‐22, p < 0.001; UWQOL Physical dimension, p = 0.02). Adjuvant radiation was associated with worse disease‐specific QOL (p = 0.03). Neck dissection was associated with worse generalized physical function QOL (p = 0.01). Positive margins were associated with worse generalized social/emotional function QOL (p = 0.01).

Conclusion

Disease‐specific and generalized QOL is impaired at baseline in patients with SNM and improves after treatment. Endoscopic resection is associated with better QOL. PPF involvement, adjuvant radiation, neck dissection, and positive margins were associated with worse QOL posttreatment.
Eine bio‐inspirierte aerob‐hydrophobe Janus‐Schnittstelle auf teilweise karbonisierten Eisenheterostrukturen fördert die bifunktionale Stickstofffixierung
Authors: Zong Wei , Gao Haiqi , Ouyang Yue , Chu Kaibin , Guo Hele , Zhang Leiqian , Zhang Wei , Chen Ruwei , Dai Yuhang , Guo Fei , Zhu Jiexin , Zhang Zhenfang , Ye Chumei , Miao Yue‐E. , Hofkens Johan , Lai Feili , Liu Tianxi
Published: April 2023

Die überwältigende Konkurrenz durch Wasserstoff/Sauerstoff‐Entwicklungsreaktionen und die geringe Löslichkeit von N2 in wässrigen Systemen beeinträchtigen die Selektivität und Aktivität bei der Stickstofffixierungsreaktion. Hier entwerfen wir eine aerob‐hydrophobe Janus‐Struktur, indem wir eine fluorierte Modifikation auf porösen Kohlenstoff‐Nanofasern einführen, die in teilweise karbonisierte Eisen‐Heterokontakte (Fe3C/Fe@PCNF‐F) eingebettet sind. Die Simulationen zeigen, dass die Janus‐Struktur die interne Fe3C/Fe@PCNF‐F vor Wassereindringung schützen und einen N2‐Molekül‐konzentrierenden Effekt verleihen kann. Dadurch werden konkurrierende Reaktionen unterdrückt und die Massentransferbeschränkungen überwunden, um einen robusten “quasi‐fest‐gasförmigen” Mikrobereich um die Katalysatoroberfläche herum zu bilden. In diesem Proof‐of‐Concept‐System zeigt Fe3C/Fe@PCNF‐F eine hervorragende elektrokatalytische Leistung für die Stickstofffixierung (NH3‐Ausbeute von bis zu 29.2 μg h−1 mg−1Kat. und faradayscher Wirkungsgrad (FE) von bis zu 27.8 % im NRR; NO3− Ausbeute bis zu 15.7 μg h−1 mg−1Kat. und FE bis zu 3.4 % in NOR).
Chemical Communication and Protocell‐Matrix Dynamics in Segregated Colloidosome Micro‐Colonies
Authors: Taylor Hannah , Gao Ning , Mann Stephen
Published: April 2023

Despite an emerging catalogue of collective behaviours in communities of homogeneously distributed cell‐like objects, microscale protocell colonies with spatially segregated populations have received minimal attention. Here, we use microfluidics to fabricate Janus‐like calcium alginate hydrogel microspheres with spatially partitioned populations of enzyme‐containing inorganic colloidosomes and investigate their potential as integrated platforms for domain‐mediated chemical communication and programmable protocell‐matrix dynamics. Diffusive chemical signalling within the segregated communities gives rise to increased initial enzyme kinetics compared with a homogeneous distribution of protocells. We employ competing enzyme‐mediated hydrogel crosslinking and decrosslinking reactions in different domains of the partitioned colonies to undertake selective expulsion of a specific protocell population from the community. Our results offer new possibilities for the design and construction of spatially organized cytomimetic consortia capable of endogenous chemical processing and protocell‐environment interactivity.
Antioxidant and Prooxidant Nanozymes: From Cellular Redox Regulation to Next‐Generation Therapeutics
Authors: Singh Namrata , Sherin G. R. , Mugesh Govindasamy
Published: April 2023

Nanozymes, nanomaterials with enzyme‐mimicking activity, have attracted tremendous interest in recent years owing to their ability to replace natural enzymes in various biomedical applications, such as biosensing, therapeutics, drug delivery, and bioimaging. In particular, the nanozymes capable of regulating the cellular redox status by mimicking the antioxidant enzymes in mammalian cells are of great therapeutic significance in oxidative‐stress‐mediated disorders. As the distinction of physiological oxidative stress (oxidative eustress) and pathological oxidative stress (oxidative distress) occurs at a fine borderline, it is a great challenge to design nanozymes that can differentially sense the two extremes in cells, tissues and organs and mediate appropriate redox chemical reactions. In this Review, we summarize the advances in the development of redox‐active nanozymes and their biomedical applications. We primarily highlight the therapeutic significance of the antioxidant and prooxidant nanozymes in various disease model systems, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular diseases. The future perspectives of this emerging area of research and the challenges associated with the biomedical applications of nanozymes are described.
An Electrochemical Strategy to Synthesize Disilanes and Oligosilanes from Chlorosilanes**
Authors: Guan Weiyang , Lu Lingxiang , Jiang Qifeng , Gittens Alexandra F. , Wang Yi , Novaes Luiz F. T. , Klausen Rebekka S. , Lin Song
Published: April 2023

Silanes are important compounds in industrial and synthetic chemistry. Here, we develop a general approach for the synthesis of disilanes as well as linear and cyclic oligosilanes via the reductive activation of readily available chlorosilanes. The efficient and selective generation of silyl anion intermediates, which are arduous to achieve by other means, allows for the synthesis of various novel oligosilanes by heterocoupling. In particular, this work presents a modular synthesis for a variety of functionalized cyclosilanes, which may give rise to materials with distinct properties from linear silanes but remain challenging synthetic targets. In comparison to the traditional Wurtz coupling, our method features milder conditions and improved chemoselectivity, broadening the functional groups that are compatible in oligosilane preparation. Computational studies support a mechanism whereby differential activation of sterically and electronically distinct chlorosilanes are achieved in an electrochemically driven radical‐polar crossover mechanism.
Multimodal Self‐sustainable Autonomous Locomotions of Light‐driven Seifert Ribbon Actuators based on Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Nie Zhen‐Zhou , Wang Meng , Huang Shuai , Liu Zhi‐Yang , Yang Hong
Published: April 2023

Multimodal self‐sustainable autonomous locomotions integrated into one individual system, are high‐level intelligent behavioral characteristics of living organisms and are the scientific hotspot of bionic soft actuators. Here, we report a light‐fueled soft actuator with multimodal self‐sustainable movements based on a Seifert ribbon bounded by a Hopf link. The Seifert ribbon actuator can self‐sense the illumination area adjustment, and the actuation component becomes either a discontinuous strip‐like structure or a continuous toroidal structure, which can realize adaptive switches between self‐sustained oscillatory and rotary motions. The two motion modes are applied to the self‐oscillatory piezoelectric generation and self‐rotational work multiplication of cargo transport, respectively. The unique smartness of Seifert surface topology advances the level of actuation intelligence with broad implications for the adaptability, multifunctionality, and autonomy of soft robots.
Lithium Ferrocyanide Catholyte for High‐Energy and Low‐cost Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries**
Authors: Li Xiaotong , Yao Yuan , Liu Chenxi , Jia Xin , Jian Jiahuang , Guo Bao , Lu Songtao , Qin Wei , Wang Qing , Wu Xiaohong
Published: April 2023

Aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) are a promising technology for grid‐scale energy storage, however, their commercial success relies on redox‐active materials (RAM) with high electron storage capacity and cost competitiveness. Herein, a redox‐active material lithium ferrocyanide (Li4[Fe(CN)6]) is designed. Li+ions not only greatly boost the solubility of [Fe(CN)6]4−to 2.32 M at room temperature due to weak intermolecular interactions, but also improves the electrochemical performance of [Fe(CN)6]4−/3−. By coupling with Zn, ZIRFBs were built, and the capacity of the batteries was as high as 61.64 Ah L−1(pH‐neutral) and 56.28 Ah L−1(alkaline) at a [Fe(CN)6]4−concentration of 2.30 M and 2.10 M. These represent unprecedentedly high [Fe(CN)6]4−concentrations and battery energy densities reported to date. Moreover, benefiting from the low cost of Li4[Fe(CN)6], the overall chemical cost of alkaline ZIRFB is as low as $11 per kWh, which is one‐twentieth that of the state‐of‐the‐art VFB ($211.54 per kWh). This work breaks through the limitations of traditional electrolyte composition optimization and will strongly promote the development of economical [Fe(CN)6]4−/3−‐based RFBs in the future.
Direct Access to Functionalized Azulenes and Pseudoazulenes via Unconventional Alkyne Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Wang Sunewang R.
Published: April 2023

Owing to the unique chemical structure and photophysical properties of azulene, azulene derivatives show great promise for a wide range of prospective technical applications, such as molecular switching, sensors, solar cells, and biological activities. In addition to functionalization of the existed azulene cores, direct construction of azulenes via condensation with odd‐membered carbocycles such as tropolone, 2‐oxazulanone, cyclopentadiene, and 6‐aminofulvene is another classical method for obtaining azulene derivatives. Although alkynes are widely explored for construction of benzene rings, several unconventional cyclization reactions with alkynes produce azulene, pseudoazulene, or azulenone skeletons. This minireview summarizes these interesting and practical cyclization with a classification based on the function of alkyne in the azulene formation process, aiming at capturing the attention of the scientific community to make efforts in the development of such nonalternant cyclization reactions of alkynes.
Differences between students in various programs in a biochemistry course in lecture attendance, engagement, and academic outcomes
Authors: Doggrell Sheila Anne
Published: April 2023

The positive relationship between lecture attendance and academic outcomes may be changing in the era of lecturing recordings. The objective of the study was to test this and to determine whether it varied between student cohorts. Consenting students in biochemistry from pharmacy, biomedical science, medical laboratory science, and nutrition programs, which had access to lecture recordings, signed in when attending lectures. Attendance was related to academic outcomes by regression analysis. Average attendance was low (≤19%) and declined significantly between years for most weeks. The students who attended ≥50% of lectures (≤17%) had higher marks than those that attended <50%. Overall regression analysis showed there were positive associations between most academic outcomes and lecture attendance or engagement (attendance and lecture recording access). However, these associations were weak or moderate for students in the pharmacy and biomedical science programs and were not apparent for students in the medical laboratory science and nutrition programs. In a separate survey, the most common reason for attending lectures was “I think I learn more by attending” and for not attending, was “Work commitments made it difficult to get to lectures.” The main conclusion is that students of biochemistry should be encouraged to attend lectures, as the limited evidence suggests that attendance may still be associated with better academic outcomes and that some students find them beneficial.
Ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics unveils the metabolic alterations in colon cancer mice during CT‐guided radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Cai Jin , Zhao Linfang , Li Lingdi , Lou Jun , Tang Rongjun , Zhang Ke , Yu Qingqing , Mo Weixing
Published: April 2023

Colon cancer (CC) is a malignancy of the digestive tract, and computed tomography (CT)‐guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been extensively adopted in cancer treatment. We aimed to explore the changes in fecal metabolism after CT‐guided RFA in CC mice. The orthotopic CC mice received CT‐guided RFA upon modeling. Subsequently, we quantified tumor volumes and weights to assess treatment efficacy. Next, because metabolomics is useful for evaluating therapeutic validity, feces were collected for metabolomics analysis. CT‐guided RFA inhibited tumor growth effectively. Additionally, metabolomics results showed that the contents of bile acids and fatty acids were downregulated in CC mouse feces. Moreover, the levels of amino acids and carbohydrates were decreased while the levels of fatty acids, organic acids, phenols, pyridines and short‐chain fatty acids were elevated in feces after CC mice received CT‐guided RFA. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that those differential metabolites were closely related to fatty acids degradation and synthesis. CT‐guided RFA possesses a strong ability to suppress CC development in mice, accompanied by a significant increase of fatty acid content in feces. This study proposes a novel approach and target for CC treatment, which provides hope for CC patients and establishes a solid basis for future in‐depth studies.
Dissipation and dietary exposure risk assessment of spinosad, thiocyclam, and its metabolite nereistoxin in cucumber and groundwater for different population groups
Authors: Lin Hongfang , Wen Wanting , Li Zhixia , Liu Siyu , Yang Yuanping , Liu Lei , Shao Hui , Guo Yongze , Zhang Yuting
Published: April 2023

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) technique using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of spinosad (spinosyn A + spinosyn D), thiocyclam, and nereistoxin in cucumber was developed with mean recoveries of 93−104%, relative standard deviations of ≤9%, and limits of quantification of 0.01 mg/kg. Field trials of spinosad and thiocyclam were performed in 12 representative cultivating areas in China. Field trial results indicate that spinosyn A and spinosyn D easily dissipated in cucumber with half‐lives of 2.48–6.24 and <3 days, respectively. Nereistoxin was produced after thiocyclam application and was more persistent than its parent. The terminal residues of spinosad were all below the maximum residue limits (0.2 mg/kg) in China, whereas the terminal concentration of nereistoxin (calculated as the stoichiometric equivalent of thiocyclam), which was much higher than that of thiocyclam, was far beyond the maximum residue limits of thiocyclam in cucumber (0.01 mg/kg) established by the European Union. The predicted no‐effect concentrations of spinosyn A, spinosyn D, thiocyclam, and nereistoxin leaching into groundwater were estimated using China‐PEARL (Pesticide Emission Assessment at Regional and Local scales) models after application. However, the dietary (food and water) exposure risk quotient for different populations was below 1 with a preharvest interval set at 5 days after the last application, indicating that the application of spinosad and thiocyclam in cucumber was unlikely to pose unacceptable risk for human health. This study provides data for the safe use of spinosad and thiocyclam in cucumber ecosystem.
Partial decellularization eliminates immunogenicity in tracheal allografts
Authors: Tan Zheng Hong , Liu Lumei , Dharmadhikari Sayali , Shontz Kimberly M. , Kreber Lily , Sperber Sarah , Yu Jane , Byun Woo Yul , Nyirjesy Sarah C. , Manning Amy , Reynolds Susan D. , Chiang Tendy
Published: April 2023

There is currently no suitable autologous tissue to bridge large tracheal defects. As a result, no standard of care exists for long‐segment tracheal reconstruction. Tissue engineering has the potential to create a scaffold from allografts or xenografts that can support neotissue regeneration identical to the native trachea. Recent advances in tissue engineering have led to the idea of partial decellularization that allows for the creation of tracheal scaffolds that supports tracheal epithelial formation while preserving mechanical properties. However, the ability of partial decellularization to eliminate graft immunogenicity remains unknown, and understanding the immunogenic properties of partially decellularized tracheal grafts (PDTG) is a critical step toward clinical translation. Here, we determined that tracheal allograft immunogenicity results in epithelial cell sloughing and replacement with dysplastic columnar epithelium and that partial decellularization creates grafts that are able to support an epithelium without histologic signs of rejection. Moreover, allograft implantation elicits CD8+ T‐cell infiltration, a mediator of rejection, while PDTG did not. Hence, we establish that partial decellularization eliminates allograft immunogenicity while creating a scaffold for implantation that can support spatially appropriate airway regeneration.
Evaluation of the efficacy of systemic therapy for advanced uterine leiomyosarcoma: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression analysis
Authors: Ijaz Iqra , Shahzad Muhammad Naveed , Hosseinifard Hossein , Liu Shuya , Sefidan Masoud Ostadi , Kahloon Lubna Ejaz , Imani Saber , Hua Zhong , Zhang Yu Qin
Published: April 2023

Uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) is an aggressive mesenchymal neoplasm associated with a poor prognosis. Systemic chemotherapy is the standard therapy for patients with uLMS. However, it is unclear which treatment regimen results in the most favorable clinical outcome. We performed a meta‐analysis and meta‐regression analysis to assess the efficiency of different treatments received by patients with advanced, metastatic, and relapsing uLMS by evaluating the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) as primary endpoints. The frequentist random effects meta‐analysis model was used to compare the outcomes of different treatment regimens for advanced uLMS. A meta‐regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between the study‐specific hazard ratios and specific demographic variables. A meta‐analysis of 51 reports including 1664 patients was conducted. Among patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (916 patients; 55%), gemcitabine and docetaxel were the most frequently used drugs. First‐line monotherapy with alkylating agents (pooled ORR = 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44–0.52) and second‐line monotherapy with protein kinase inhibitors (pooled ORR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.39–0.52) resulted in favorable prognoses. The combinations of anthracycline plus alkylating therapy (pooled DCR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.67–0.79) and of gemcitabine plus docetaxel (pooled DCR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.63–0.75) showed the greatest benefits when used as first‐line and second‐line chemotherapies, respectively. Subgroup meta‐analysis results revealed that dual‐regimen therapies comprising anthracycline plus alkylating therapy and gemcitabine plus docetaxel are practical therapeutic choices for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages III–IVb with distant metastases when assessed by computed tomography (p = 0.001). Furthermore, neoadjuvant chemotherapy and local radiotherapy resulted in favorable outcomes for patients with earlier stages of distant relapsed uLMS (p < 0.001). Our findings provide a basis for designing new therapeutic strategies and can potentially guide clinical practice toward better prognoses for uLMS patients with advanced, metastatic, and relapsing disease.
Pure and mixed clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium: A molecular and immunohistochemical analysis study
Authors: Reijnen Casper , Vrede Stéphanie W. , Eijkelenboom Astrid , Draak Ruud , Sweegers Sanne , Snijders Marc P. L. M. , van Gestel Puck , Pijnenborg Johanna M. A. , Bulten Johan , Küsters‐Vandevelde Heidi V. N.
Published: April 2023

Background

Uterine clear cell carcinoma (CCC) consists of either pure clear cell histology but can also display other histological components (mixed uterine CCCs). In this study, the molecular and immunohistochemical background of pure and mixed uterine CCC was compared. Secondly, it was evaluated whether histological classification and molecular background affected clinical outcome.

Methods

A retrospective multicenter study was performed comparing pure uterine CCCs (n = 22) and mixed uterine CCCs (n = 21). Targeted next‐generation sequencing using a 12‐gene targeted panel classified cases as polymerase‐ε (POLE) mutated, microsatellite instable (MSI), TP53 wildtype or TP53 mutated. Immunohistochemistry was performed for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, L1 cell adhesion molecule, MSH6, and PMS2.

Results

The following molecular subgroups were identified for pure and mixed uterine CCCs, respectively: POLE mutated 0% (0/18) and 6% (1/18); MSI in 6% (1/18) and 50% (9/18); TP53 wildtype in 56% (10/18) and 22% (4/18); TP53 mutated in 39% (7/18) and 22% (4/18) (p = 0.013). Patients with mixed CCCs had improved outcome compared to patients with pure CCCs. Frequent TP53 mutations were found in pure CCCs and frequent MSI in mixed CCCs, associated with clinical outcome.

Conclusion

Pure and mixed uterine CCCs are two entities with different clinical outcomes, which could be explained by different molecular backgrounds. These results underline the relevance of both morphological and molecular evaluation, and may assist in tailoring treatment.
Ginsenoside Rh2 attenuates the progression of non‐small cell lung cancer by sponging miR‐28‐5p/STK4 axis and inactivating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Ma Jun , Zhao Di , Yu Dahai , Song Wei , Yang Xiaofang , Yin Haitao
Published: April 2023

Background

Ginsenoside Rh2 (G‐Rh2) exerts anti‐tumor activity in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) play pivotal roles in NSCLC. We aimed to investigate whether G‐Rh2 inhibited NSCLC progression by targeting miRNA.

Methods

Cell viability, apoptosis and cycle were determined by Cell Counting Kit‐8, 6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining and flow cytometry. The potential target miRNAs of G‐Rh2 were screened by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The difference in miR‐28‐5p expression between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tissues and normal tissues or lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) tissues and normal tissues was retrieved from TCGA‐LUAD and TCGA‐LUSC, respectively. Kaplan–Meier Plotter was conducted to analyze the survival rate for different serine/threonine‐protein kinase 4 (STK4) expressions with different prognostic risks. immunohistochemistry of STK4 expression in non‐tumor and tumor tissues was analyzed from the HPA database. RT‐qPCR and Western blot were adopted for detecting mRNA and protein expression. TargetScan V7.2, miRanda and PITA were adopted for predicting targets of miR‐28‐5p, overlapped genes were subjected to GO analysis. The interactions of miR‐28‐5p‐Wnt and miR‐28‐5p‐STK4 were detected by TOP/FOP luciferase reporter assay and dual luciferase reporter assay, respectively.

Results

Current study observed that G‐Rh2 reduced miR‐28‐5p expression in NSCLC cells dose‐dependently. miR‐28‐5p was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. The target genes of miR‐28‐5p were enriched in negative regulation of Wnt signaling. miR‐28‐5p inhibitor inactivated Wnt signaling, inhibited cell viability and cell cycle, while enhanced cell apoptosis of NSCLC cells by targeting STK4. G‐Rh2 exerted the similar effects with miR‐28‐5p inhibitor by reducing miR‐28‐5p. G‐Rh2 and miR‐28‐5p inhibitor exerted a synergistic effect on inhibiting NSCLC tumor growth.

Conclusion

In conclusion, G‐Rh2 attenuates NSCLC development by affecting miR‐28‐5p/STK4 axis and inactivating Wnt signaling. Taken together, we project out a novel therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Effect modification of age and hypertension on cancer and prevalence of self‐reported stroke – A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lun Ronda , Shaw Joseph R. , Roy Danielle Carole , Siegal Deborah , Ramsay Tim , Chen Yue , Dowlatshahi Dar
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study was to examine the effect modification of age on the relationship between cancer and prevalence of self‐reported stroke. We used cross‐sectional data from the 2015–2016 iteration of the Canadian Community Health Survey. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association between cancer and self‐reported stroke. Covariates were assessed for effect modification using the maximum likelihood estimation method. We analyzed 86,809 subjects; the prevalence of self‐reported stroke was 1.11%. The odds ratio for the association between cancer and self‐reported stroke was 1.26 (95% CI 0.98–1.61) after adjusting for age, sex, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, education, and household income. Age and hypertension were found to be effect modifiers, and the association between cancer and self‐reported stroke was stronger in younger adults and in those without hypertension. These results suggest that cancer‐associated strokes may have unique underlying mechanisms compared to conventional strokes.
Maintenance regimen of GM‐CSF with rituximab and lenalidomide improves survival in high‐risk B‐cell lymphoma by modulating natural killer cells
Authors: Sun Shunrong , Fulati Wulipan , Shen Lin , Wu Min , Huang Zilan , Qian Wensi , Chen Pingping , Hu Yingwei , Chen Mingyue , Xu Yu , Zhang Hongdi , Ma Jiexian , Xie Yanhui
Published: April 2023

Background

The treatment of high‐risk B‐cell lymphoma (BCL) remains a challenge, especially in the elderly.

Methods

A total of 83 patients (median age 65 years), who have achieved a complete response after induction therapy, were divided into two groups: R2 + GM‐CSF regimen (lenalidomide, rituximab, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor [GM‐CSF]) as maintenance therapy (n = 39) and observation (n = 44). The efficacy of the R2 + GM‐CSF regimen as maintenance in patient with high‐risk BCL was analyzed and compared with observation.

Results

The number of natural killer cells in patients increased after R2 + GM‐CSF regimen administration (0.131 × 109/L vs. 0.061 × 109/L, p = 0.0244). Patients receiving the R2 + GM‐CSF regimen as maintenance therapy had longer remission (duration of response: 18.9 vs. 11.3 months, p = 0.001), and longer progression‐free survival (not reached (NR) vs. 31.7 months, p = 0.037), and overall survival (OS) (NR vs. NR, p = 0.015). The R2 + GM‐CSF regimen was safe and well tolerated. High international prognostic index score (p = 0.012), and high tumor burden (p = 0.005) appeared to be independent prognostic factors for worse PFS.

Conclusions

The maintenance therapy of R2 + GM‐CSF regimen may improve survival in high‐risk BCL patients, which might be modulated by amplification of natural killer cells. The efficacy of the R2 + GM‐CSF maintenance regimen has to be further validated in prospective random clinical trials.
Efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel monotherapy after immune checkpoint inhibitor administration for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A multicenter Phase 2 clinical trial
Authors: Sonoda Tomoaki , Umeda Yukihiro , Demura Yoshiki , Tada Toshihiko , Nakashima Koki , Anzai Masaki , Yamaguchi Makiko , Shimada Akikazu , Ohi Masahiro , Honjo Chisato , Waseda Yuko , Akai Masaya , Ishizuka Tamotsu
Published: April 2023

Background

Whether immunotherapy improves the efficacy or worsens adverse events of subsequent chemotherapy remains unclear. We performed a Phase 2 study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐paclitaxel) as a treatment for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after treatment with programmed cell death 1 or programmed death ligand 1 [PD‐(L)1] inhibitor failure.

Methods

Nab‐paclitaxel (100 mg/m2) was administered on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28‐day cycle to patients with advanced NSCLC within 12 weeks after the failure of PD‐(L)1 inhibitor treatment. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) in all patients; the secondary endpoints were disease control rate (DCR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety.

Results

Thirty cases were registered, and 29 cases were included in the analysis. The ORR was 55.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.1%–79.6%) and the DCR was 86.2% (95% CI: 65.9%–97.0%). The median PFS was 5.6 months (95% CI: 4.4–6.7 months), and PFS rates at 1‐ and 2‐year timepoints were 34.5% and 13.3%, respectively. The median OS was 11.9 months (95% CI: 0.8–23.0 months). Good performance status and responder of previous PD‐(L)1 inhibitor therapy were independent predictors of PFS. Grade 3 or higher toxicities included leukopenia (27.6%), neutropenia (31.0%), peripheral sensory neuropathy (6.9%), increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels (3.4%), and interstitial lung disease (3.4%).

Conclusions

Nab‐paclitaxel therapy improved ORR after PD‐(L)1 inhibitor treatment failure with a durable response of 13% and acceptable toxicities in patients with advanced NSCLC.
Pattern Recognition Analysis of Metabolites in Escherichia coli Based on ESI‐Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wang Rui‐Yu , Yan Yang‐Yang , Li Bei , Fan Xing , Gu Bing , Zhou Yuan , Sun Bing‐Kang
Published: April 2023

To achieve rapid detection of carbapenem‐resistant Escherichia coli strains, a pattern recognition method based on electrospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry (ESI‐Orbitrap MS) was used for the analysis of drug‐resistant, and sensitive strains of metabolites were analyzed. Results of five clustering methods applied to analytical data of metabolites were evaluated using iso‐phenotypic coefficients. The effectiveness of three methods, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA), was compared. Univariate statistics such as t‐test and fold change were also used to examine the screened differential information. Both PLS‐DA and OPLS‐DA could achieve rapid identification of strain classes, and OPLS‐DA was more powerful in screening 96 significantly different ions. This work is expected to be useful for rapid and accurate identification of strains.
Variability in Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Mentha pulegium L. Essential Oil, Cultivated under Different Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
Authors: Djerrad Zineb , Terfi Souhila , Brakchi Lila
Published: April 2023

The aim of present work was to study the essential oil chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of cultivated Mentha pulegium L. under different plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bradyrhizobium sp. and Sinorhizobium meliloti) individually and in consortium. Yield, in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. and S. meliloti in consortium, increase significantly relative to control plants. GC and GC/MS analyses pointed to a qualitative and quantitative variability of components. The investigated essential oils were clustered into three chemotypes: piperitenone/1,8‐cineol (40.9/29.4 %) chemotype in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium sp. individually, S. meliloti individually, and Bradyrhizobium sp. and S. meliloti in consortium, piperitone/menthone (41.8/33.8 %) chemotype in plants inoculated with P. fluorescens individually, P. fluorescens and Bradyrhizobium sp. in consortium, and P. fluorescens and S. meliloti in consortium and pulegone/menthol (47.9/31.5 %) chemotype in control plants. The antimicrobial activity, carried out by the disc diffusion method and the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against ten microorganisms, varied significantly according to the tested microorganism and the rhizobacterial species used individually or in consortium (inhibition zone: 8.5–33.5 mm; MIC: 0.25–2.5 μL/mL). Our findings provided useful indications to select interesting chemotype within M. pulegium, especially in perspective of its cultivation.
Institutional and technical history of requirements‐based strategic armor ceramics basic research leading up to the multiscale material by design materials in extreme dynamic environments (MEDE) program. Part II: Dynamic effects on the physics and mechanisms of advanced ceramics such as boron carbide
Authors: McCauley James W. , Ramesh K. T.
Published: April 2023

This paper follows a historical background on requirements‐based strategic armor research, leading to the materials in extreme dynamic environments program presented in Part I, now focusing on the developed technical aspects and state‐of‐the‐art. It starts with some background on dynamic testing techniques and a structural ceramics review. Then, selected armor ceramics research results and relevant single‐grain anisotropic crystal physics, microstructure, and defect mechanics mechanisms: Including pivotal armor ceramics research results prior to the adoption of the strategic research objective (SRO). Next, multiscale characteristics, crystal physics, planar features, anisotropy, and relevant mechanisms will be described. The historic progression/evolution of multiscale lightweight armor ceramics research results will be summarized, including multiscale dynamic deformation and damage characteristics. The focus of the following sections will be on the role of defects, quasi‐plasticity, and anisotropic crystal physics properties, including preexisting single grain synthesis and process‐induced planar features (aka twins) and planar deformation features (PDF); for example, nano‐amorphization in boron carbide. A new model for boron carbide processing planar features will be discussed. A schematic diagram illustrating the hypothetical formation of PDFs in a dynamic event is also presented. An expended canonical equation is introduced, suggesting possible strategies for boron carbide research using the canonical figures of merit approach. Finally, we highlight the efficacy of the materials by design process and approach in a multiscale framework for the simultaneous experimental and theoretical research trajectories guided by the accepted canonical equation.
Reversible Transition between Discrete and 1D Infinite Architectures: A Temperature‐Responsive Cu(I) Complex with a Flexible Disilane‐Bridged Bis(pyridine) Ligand
Authors: Zhao Yongjin , Nakae Toyotaka , Takeya Satoshi , Hattori Mineyuki , Saito Daisuke , Kato Masako , Ohmasa Yoshinori , Sato Shun , Yamamuro Osamu , Galica Tomasz , Nishibori Eiji , Kobayashi Shiori , Seki Tomohiro , Yamada Teppei , Yamanoi Yoshinori
Published: April 2023

A thermoresponsive structural change based on a disilane‐bridged bis(pyridine) ligand and CuI is reported. Single‐crystal X‐ray analysis revealed that there are two polymorphs in the Cu(I) complex: octanuclear copper(I) complex at 20 °C and 1D staircase copper(I) polymer complex at −173 °C. The formation of these polymorphs is due to the flexibility of the ligand. Cu−I bond formation is observed upon cooling the sample from −10 °C to −170 °C. The temperature‐induced phase transition progression was clarified by DSC, VT‐PXRD, and VT‐photoluminescence measurements and indicated a reversible temperature‐controlled crystal‐to‐crystal phase transition. Observation on a VT‐stage using a high‐speed camera showed crystal cracking during single‐crystal to single‐crystal transitions between these polymorphic forms.
Preparation of UFM1‐Derived Probes through Highly Optimized Total Chemical Synthesis**
Authors: Chen Cong , Lu Chengpiao , Li Fang , Wang Haibo , Peng Shuai , Xu Guoqiang , Xu Hongrui , Li Jia‐Bin
Published: April 2023

Ufmylation is involved in various cellular processes and associated with many human diseases. The understanding of this modification relies on the use of customized UFM1‐derived probes for activity‐based profiling of its related enzymes. This study presents a highly optimized total chemical synthesis for the generation of diverse UFM1‐derived probes including UFM1‐PA, Biotin‐UFM1‐PA and UFM1‐AMC, in which a UFM1 C‐terminal valine hydrazide was readily prepared by hydrazide‐based ligation and used as a versatile handle for the installation of enzyme‐sensitive warheads and fluorescent reporters. The resulting probes display high reactivity and selectivity for UFM1‐specific enzymes in cell lysates. This strategy facilitates the generation and diversity of the UFM1‐derived toolkit that can be employed to profile UFM1‐specific enzymes, thereby shining insights into the dynamics of ufmylation.
Organometallic–Organic Hybrid Assemblies Featuring the Diantimony Complex [Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ,η2‐Sb2)], AgI Ions and N‐Donor Molecules as Building Blocks
Authors: Shelyganov Pavel A. , Elsayed Moussa Mehdi , Seidl Michael , Scheer Manfred
Published: April 2023

The reactions of the organometallic ligand complex [Cp2Mo2(CO)4(μ,η2‐Sb2)] (C) with Ag[TEF] ([TEF]−=[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]−) in the presence of a number of di‐ or polytopic N‐donor molecules (1,6,7,12‐tetraazaperylene (L1), 2,2’‐bipyrimidine (L2), 4,4’‐bipyridine (L3), trans‐1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethylene (L4) and 1,3‐di(4‐pyridyl)propane (L5)), were studied. Depending on the reaction stoichiometry and choice of linker, these reactions lead to the selective formation of dimeric or tetrameric supramolecular coordination complexes as well as 1D and 2D coordination polymers (CPs). The presented compounds are unique examples of supramolecular complexes incorporating both organometallic Sb‐donor and organic N‐donor molecules as ligands to stabilize metal ions. Moreover, one of the formed compounds, the CP [Ag4(η2 : 1‐C)4(L4)4]n[TEF]4n, represents an exceptional 1D polymer incorporating both N‐ and Sb‐donor ligands as connectors for metal ions.
Stimuli Responsive Features of Organic RTP Materials: An Intriguing Carbazole‐Cyclic Triimidazole Derivative
Authors: Malpicci Daniele , Forni Alessandra , Botta Chiara , Giannini Clelia , Lucenti Elena , Marinotto Daniele , Maver Daniele , Carlucci Lucia , Cariati Elena
Published: April 2023

Stimuli responsive luminescent materials possessing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are extremely desirable for various applications. The here investigated derivative of cyclic triimidazole (TT) functionalized with carbazole (Cz), namely TT‐Ph‐Cz, belongs to this class. TT‐Ph‐Cz possesses high conformational freedom resulting in rigidochromic and multi‐stimuli responsive emissive behavior. It has been isolated as MeOH‐solvated and de‐solvated forms characterized by distinctive emissive features. In particular, the solvated form, in which hydrogen bonds with MeOH inhibit competitive non‐radiative deactivation channels, possesses a higher quantum yield associated with a strong phosphorescence contribution which is preserved in DMSO/water solutions.
Interaction Modes Between SF4 and Ketones; Study of Intermediates in Deoxofluorination Reactions
Authors: Stuart Daniel , O‘Donnell Felix , Wetmore Stacey D. , Gerken Michael
Published: April 2023

Interactions between ketones and SF4 are studied for the simplest ketone, acetone, and the bulky polycyclic 2‐adamantanone. Acetone forms the 1 : 2 adduct SF4 ⋅ [O=C(CH3)2]2, as well as the dimeric 1 : 1 adducts [SF4 ⋅ O=C(CH3)2]2 as identified by low‐temperature Raman spectroscopy and, for the latter, X‐ray crystallography. In both adducts, SF4 acts as a double chalcogen‐bond donor to two keto groups. In contrast 2‐adamantanone does not form an isolable solid adduct with SF4; in the presence of HF, however, it forms SF4 ⋅ O=C10H14O ⋅ HF, which comprises chains with weak S—O and S—FH chalcogen bonds in the crystal structure. Sulfur tetrafluoride in this compound is readily lost at −85 °C, leading to the isolation of C10H14O ⋅ HF at low temperature. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations aid in vibrational assignments and serve to describe the interactions of the keto group with SF4 and HF, as well as interactions between SF4 with HF. It is found that separate and combined CO—HF and CO—SF4 chalcogen bonds do not polarize the C=O group to any significant degree.
Development of the P‐Arylation of Dithieno[3,2‐b : 2’,3’‐d]phosphole with Aryl Iodonium Salts
Authors: Hussein Amaar , Asok Nayanthara , Béland Vanessa A. , Gaffen Joshua R. , LeBlanc Jesse , Baumgartner Thomas
Published: April 2023

P‐Arylation of dithieno[3,2‐b : 2’,3’‐d]phosphole toward cationic phenyl phospholium species using diaryliodonium reagents was explored. Multiple conditions were tested to optimize the reaction, including variation of solvent, temperature, stoichiometry, time, and aryliodonium species employed. Initial use of diphenyliodonium chloride led to an unexpected dithienophosphole Cu(I) chloride complex that was characterized crystallographically. Alternatively, the use of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate in ethanol under microwave conditions led to the successful isolation of the P‐arylated target. The phenyl dithienophospholium species exhibits blue luminescence with a quantum yield of 100 % in solution that is considerably red‐shifted in the solid state. The photophysics and solid‐state organization of the new species were compared with those of a related methyl congener, showing distinct differences that are assigned to the nature of the carbon‐based substituent at the phosphorus center, which was also confirmed by DFT calculations, and the supramolecular organization in the solid state.
After the X‐waiver: Next steps to increased buprenorphine access
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2023

The Foundation for Opioid Response Efforts (FORE), a national grant‐making organization, in a March 9 webinar focused on access to treatment to buprenorphine. FORE recognized early on (when it launched its grant‐making 3 years ago) that removing the X‐waiver may not increase access to treatment. The X‐waiver was removed, and the next step is to increase access to treatment, according to webinar participants.
Taiwan study cautions against methadone for drivers; NIDA responds
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2023

A recent literature review from Taiwan, “Risk of motor vehicle collisions after methadone use: A systematic review and meta‐analysis” by T.Y. Tsai and colleagues, found that methadone use is associated with an almost doubled risk of motor vehicle collisions, and concluded that “clinicians should exercise caution in implementing methadone maintenance therapy for drivers.” The study, published in the current issue of Drug and Alcohol Dependence, flies in the face of what is known in this country about methadone maintenance: that it is safe for driving when taken in therapeutic doses. We asked the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) to comment on the study. Here is what they said.