bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KONFLIK ANTAR KELAS MASYARAKAT BUTON DESA SAMPUABALO DAN DESA GUNUNG JAYA KECAMATAN SIOTAPINA KABUPATEN BUTON
Authors: ARUPALAKA LA ODE , DIRMAN LA ODE , Aso La
Published: April 2022

The objective of this study is to describe the causes of conflict intra society classes of Butonese, Sampuabalo Village and Gunung Jaya Village, Siotapina District of Buton Regency by using a qualitative descriptive approach to describe what are the backgound of the conflict problem. In analyzing the theoretical data it was used the Functional Theory of Coser and Pieree Felix Bourdieu's Social Interaction about Habitus, Capital and Domain to analyze the root causes of class conflict in the Buton community, Sampuabalo Village and Gunung Jaya Village, Siotapina District of Buton Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach. There are two types of data used in this study, namely primary data and secondary data. Collecting data in this study were done by using observation technique, interviews technique, and document study. Based on the results of data analysis, the results of this study showed  that: The backgroundof the problem of conflict intra society classes of the Butonese, Sampuabalo Village and Gunung Jaya Village, Siotapina District of Buton Regency were caused by several factors, namely: (1) the history of the two villages with different social classes (aristocrat and non-aristocracy, (2) ongoing individual and group conflicts, (3) educational factors, (4) identity factors, (5) incomplete conflict handling, (6) latent conflicts, (7) dysfunction of traditional institutions in society. , and (8) lack of employment.Keywords: conflict, class of society, Buton Regency
POTENSI WISATA BUDAYA BENTENG BOMBONAWULU KECAMATAN GU KABUPATEN BUTON TENGAH
Authors: Said Nurzalma Alfianti , Niampe La , Marhadi Akhmad
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the potential for historical tourism and cultural tourism in Fort Bombonawulu. The theory used in this study refers to the concept of sustainable tourism by Muller, namely 5 things that must be considered, including: healthy economic growth, the welfare of local communities, not changing natural structures and protecting natural resources, community culture that grows healthily and maximizes satisfaction. traveler. The method used in this research is qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interviews, documentation study, and triangulation of data sources. The research data was studied using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the analysis in this study indicate that Fort Bombonawulu has tourism potential both historical tourism marked by the presence of several ancient tombs (kobuhu), mosques (masigi), flags (tombi), galampa daduwali, lawa and also bastion, and cultural tourism which includes several events such as the bongkaa tau cultural festival, the kakadhiuno bukuno kamokulano liwu ritual, and the kadhiuno liwu / kabhiano liwu ritual which presents cultural attractions such as linda mboreranga, mangaru, pokalapa, kabhanti gambusu, andoro-andoro, latotou, as well as traditional culinary that can attract many visitors or traveler. The bombonawulu fort site has the potential for cultural history tourism, both tangible and intangible.Keywords: Fort Bombonawulu, culture, culinary, tourism, history.
POLA MOTIF CERITA ASAL-USUL RAJA PERTAMA DALAM LEGENDA MUNA, WOLIO, DAN TOLAKI
Authors: Mustafa Husba Zakiyah , Aso La , Ibrahim Irianto
Published: April 2022

In an effort to reveal the structure of the motifs in the legend stories of the origins of the first king as a step in obtaining historical and cultural knowledge of But and Tolaki ethnic communities, it is hoped that this research can be a frame of reference for the protection and development of Southeast Sulawesi regional literature. The purpose of this study is to describe  patterning of the motifs of the origin story of the first king from the legends of Muna, Wolio, and Tolaki. This research is based on the motive theory of Alan Dundes. Motive theory is used to find the class of motives for each item or sequence of events in the story. The patterns of motifs in the form of tables and schemes are arranged based on the Stith Thompson index motifs. The method used in this research is qualitative method. Data collection techniques with library reading and note-taking techniques, as well as recording and note-taking interview techniques. The data processing is done by triangulation technique. The research data was examined using qualitative descriptive techniques through 2 stages, namely indexing motifs and patterning motifs. The results of the analysis show that there are 9 motifs in the three stories, mythological motifs, magic, other worlds, wise and foolish, restoration of fate, society, natural cruelty, and sex motives. Furthermore, 4 dominant motifs or the same motif are found in the 3 stories of the first kings of Muna, Wolio, and Tolaki, namely mythological motifs, other worlds, wise and foolish, and society motifs.Keywords: motif, legend, Muna, Wolio, and Tolaki
PERAN DINAS PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DAN DESA (PMD) DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN LEMBAGA ADAT DESA DI KABUPATEN KONAWE KEPULAUAN
Authors: Ruslan Ruslan , Taena La , Alim Abdul
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the role of the PMD Service in Empowering Traditional Institutions in Konawe Kepulauan Regency. The type of data used in this study is descriptive-qualitative research. The technique of determining informants is done by purposive sampling. Data collection techniques are through observation, in-depth interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis techniques are data reduction, data presentation, and verification or conclusion. The results of the study show that the role of the Community and Village Empowerment Service regarding the empowerment of traditional institutions through village funds is still very limited and some of the obstacles experienced, especially during the current pandemic. The formation of customary institutions in Konawe Kegunungan has only formed 5 villages. By seeing the importance of customary institutions, the Community and Village Empowerment Service seeks to develop and facilitate the formation of customary institutions in the Konawe Islands Regency.Keywords: The Role of the Community and Village Empowerment Service, Traditional Institutions
miR-29b-3p Inhibitor Alleviates Hypomethylation-Related Aberrations Through a Feedback Loop Between miR-29b-3p and DNA Methylation in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Wu Fang , Yang Qian , Mi Yaping , Wang Feng , Cai Ke , Zhang Yawen , Wang Youhua , Wang Xu , Gui Yonghao , Li Qiang
Published: April 2022

As a member of the miR-29 family, miR-29b regulates global DNA methylation through target DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and acts as both a target and a key effector in DNA methylation. In this study, we found that miR-29b-3p expression was inversely correlated with DNMT expression in the heart tissues of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), but whether it interacts with DNMTs in cardiomyocytes remains unknown. Further results revealed a feedback loop between miR-29b-3p and DNMTs in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, miR-29b-3p inhibitor relieved the deformity of hypomethylated zebrafish and restored the DNA methylation patterns in cardiomyocytes, resulting in increased proliferation and renormalization of gene expression. These results suggest mutual regulation between miR-29b-3p and DNMTs in cardiomyocytes and support the epigenetic normalization of miRNA-based therapy in cardiomyocytes.
Modulation of Cellular Function by the Urokinase Receptor Signalling: A Mechanistic View
Authors: Alfano Daniela , Franco Paola , Stoppelli Maria Patrizia
Published: April 2022

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR or CD87) is a glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol anchored (GPI) membrane protein. The uPAR primary ligand is the serine protease urokinase (uPA), converting plasminogen into plasmin, a broad spectrum protease, active on most extracellular matrix components. Besides uPA, the uPAR binds specifically also to the matrix protein vitronectin and, therefore, is regarded also as an adhesion receptor. Complex formation of the uPAR with diverse transmembrane proteins, including integrins, formyl peptide receptors, G protein-coupled receptors and epidermal growth factor receptor results in intracellular signalling. Thus, the uPAR is a multifunctional receptor coordinating surface-associated pericellular proteolysis and signal transduction, thereby affecting physiological and pathological mechanisms. The uPAR-initiated signalling leads to remarkable cellular effects, that include increased cell migration, adhesion, survival, proliferation and invasion. Although this is beyond the scope of this review, the uPA/uPAR system is of great interest to cancer research, as it is associated to aggressive cancers and poor patient survival. Increasing evidence links the uPA/uPAR axis to epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a highly dynamic process, by which epithelial cells can convert into a mesenchymal phenotype. Furthermore, many reports indicate that the uPAR is involved in the maintenance of the stem-like phenotype and in the differentiation process of different cell types. Moreover, the levels of anchor-less, soluble form of uPAR, respond to a variety of inflammatory stimuli, including tumorigenesis and viral infections. Finally, the role of uPAR in virus infection has received increasing attention, in view of the Covid-19 pandemics and new information is becoming available. In this review, we provide a mechanistic perspective, via the detailed examination of consolidated and recent studies on the cellular responses to the multiple uPAR activities.
MicroRNAs Are Key Molecules Involved in the Gene Regulation Network of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yang Fangfang , Xuan Guoyun , Chen Yixin , Cao Lichao , Zhao Min , Wang Chen , Chen Erfei
Published: April 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer and one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play central roles in normal cell maintenance, development, and other physiological processes. Growing evidence has illustrated that dysregulated miRNAs can participate in the initiation, progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance that confer miRNAs to serve as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC. Through binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of target genes, miRNAs can lead to target mRNA degradation or inhibition at a post-transcriptional level. During the last decade, studies have found numerous miRNAs and their potential targets, but the complex network of miRNA/Targets in CRC remains unclear. In this review, we sought to summarize the complicated roles of the miRNA-target regulation network (Wnt, TGF-β, PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and EMT related pathways) in CRC with up-to-date, high-quality published data. In particular, we aimed to discuss the downstream miRNAs of specific pathways. We hope these data can be a potent supplement for the canonical miRNA-target regulation network.
Multi-Omics Characterizes the Effects and Mechanisms of CD1d in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Development
Authors: Zheng Qiuxian , Xue Chen , Gu Xinyu , Shan Dandan , Chu Qingfei , Wang Jing , Zhu Haihong , Chen Zhi
Published: April 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a class of metabolic-associated liver diseases. Aberrant lipid consumption plays an important role in NAFLD pathogenesis. It has been shown CD1d can bind to multiple different lysophospholipids and associated with NAFLD progression. However, the mechanism of CD1d regulation in NAFLD is not completely understood. In this study, we established a NAFLD mouse model by feeding C57/BL6J mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks. Subsequently, we performed integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to thoroughly probe the role of CD1d in NAFLD progression. In the present study, we demonstrate that CD1d expression was significantly decreased in our murine model of NAFLD. Additionally, we show CD1d knockdown (CD1d KO) in HFD-fed wild-type (WT) mice induced NAFLD, which resulted in weight gain, exaggerated liver injury, and hepatic steatosis. We uncover the crucial roles of CD1d deficiency results in accumulated lipid accumulation. We further explored the CD1d deficiency in NAFLD regarding the transcriptional landscapes, microbiota environment, metabolomics change, and transcriptomics differences. In conclusion, our data demonstrate CD1d plays an important role in NAFLD pathogenesis and may represent a potential therapeutic target for the further therapy.
Zero and Minimal Fluoroscopic Approaches During Ablation of Supraventricular Tachycardias: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Debreceni Dorottya , Janosi Kristof , Vamos Mate , Komocsi Andras , Simor Tamas , Kupo Peter
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Catheter ablations for cardiac arrhythmias are conventionally performed under fluoroscopic guidance. To guide these procedures, zero/minimal fluoroscopy (Z/MF) approaches have become available, using three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping systems. Our aim was to conduct a meta-analysis comparing these two different methods for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).

Methods

Electronic databases were searched and systematically reviewed for studies comparing procedural parameters and outcomes of conventional, fluoroscopy-guided vs. Z/MF approaches in patients undergoing electrophysiology (EP) procedures for SVTs. The random-effects model was used to derive mean difference (MD) and risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Twenty-four studies involving 9,074 patients met our inclusion criteria. There was no difference between the groups in terms of acute success rate (RR = 1.00, 95% CI, 0.99–1.01; p = 0.97) and long-term success rate (RR: 1.01, 95% CI, 1.00–1.03; p = 0.13). Compared to the conventional method, zero-and-minimal fluoroscopy (Z/MF) ablation significantly reduced fluoroscopic time [MD: −1.58 min (95% CI, −2.21 to −0.96 min; p < 0.01)] and ablation time [MD: −25.23 s (95% CI: −42.04 to −8.43 s; p < 0.01)]. No difference could be detected between the two groups in terms of the procedure time [MD: 3.06 min (95% CI: −0.97 to 7.08; p = 0.14)] and the number of ablation applications [MD: 0.13 (95% CI: −0.86 to 1.11; p = 0.80)]. The complication rate was 1.59% in the entire study population and did not differ among the groups (RR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.45–1.05; p = 0.08).

Conclusions

The Z/MF approach for the catheter ablation of SVTs is a feasible method that reduces radiation exposure and ablation time without compromising the acute and long-term success or complication rates.
Evaluating the Risk of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Noncardioembolic Ischemic Stroke Using Artificial Intelligence-Enabled ECG Algorithm
Authors: Han Changho , Kwon Oyeon , Chang Mineok , Joo Sunghoon , Lee Yeha , Lee Jin Soo , Hong Ji Man , Lee Seong-Joon , Yoon Dukyong
Published: April 2022

Background

The identification of latent atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) attributed to noncardioembolic etiology may have therapeutic implications. An artificial intelligence (AI) model identifying the electrocardiographic signature of AF present during normal sinus rhythm (NSR; AI-ECG-AF) can identify individuals with a high likelihood of paroxysmal AF (PAF) with NSR electrocardiogram (ECG).

Objectives

Using AI-ECG-AF, we aimed to compare the PAF risk between noncardioembolic IS subgroups and general patients of a university hospital after controlling for confounders. Further, we sought to compare the risk of PAF among noncardioembolic IS subgroups.

Methods

After training AI-ECG-AF with ECG data of university hospital patients, model inference outputs were obtained for the control group (i.e., general patient population) and NSRs of noncardioembolic IS patients. We conducted multiple linear regression (MLiR) and multiple logistic regression (MLoR) analyses with inference outputs (for MLiR) or their binary form (set at threshold = 0.5 for MLoR) used as dependent variables and patient subgroups and potential confounders (age and sex) set as independent variables.

Results

The number of NSRs inferenced for the control group, cryptogenic, large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), and small artery occlusion (SAO) strokes were 133,340, 133, 276, and 290, respectively. The regression analyses indicated that patients with noncardioembolic IS had a higher PAF risk based on AI-ECG-AF relative to the control group, after controlling for confounders with the “cryptogenic” subgroup having the highest risk (odds ratio [OR] = 1.974, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.371–2.863) followed by the “LAA” (OR = 1.592, 95% CI: 1.238–2.056) and “SAO” subgroups (OR = 1.400, 95% CI: 1.101–1.782). Subsequent regression analyses failed to illustrate the differences in PAF risk based on AI-ECG-AF among noncardioembolic IS subgroups.

Conclusion

Using AI-ECG-AF, we found that noncardioembolic IS patients had a higher PAF risk relative to the general patient population. The results from our study imply the need for more vigorous cardiac monitoring in noncardioembolic IS patients. AI-ECG-AF can be a cost-effective screening tool to identify high-risk noncardioembolic IS patients of PAF on-the-spot to be candidates for receiving additional prolonged cardiac monitoring. Our study highlights the potential of AI in clinical practice.
Mechanism and Prediction of Geothermal Resources Controlled by Neotectonics in Mountainous Areas: A Case Study of Southeastern Zhangjiakou City, China
Authors: Yuan Wenzhen , Lei Xiaodong , Liu Tongzhe , Wang Siqi , Xing Yifei , Zhu Ruijie , Yang Fengtian , Zhang Dailei , Gao Jun , Zhang Baojian
Published: April 2022

The geothermal resources in mountainous areas are usually controlled by neotectonic faults. To minimize the risk in site selection for geothermal drilling, the controlling mechanism must be identified. Based on the neotectonic control theory for geothermal resources, the occurrence of the geothermal resources in the mountainous area in southeastern Zhangjiakou city was investigated. The investigation was divided into three stages. Firstly, field investigation for neotectonics was carried out to characterize the kinematics and the stress state of the faults, including fault occurrences, tectonic stages, and paleostress analysis, and in total 19 neotectonic faults were confirmed. Based on Riedel shear model and present stress field, their conductivity for geothermal water was inferred; secondly, geophysical and geochemical surveys were applied to identify the stress state and characterize the occurrence of the potential water conductive faults. The results showed that the combined use of magnetotelluric sounding (MT), controllable source audio magnetotelluric sounding (CSAMT), and 2D seismologic survey is effective in delineating fault occurrence, strata distribution, and water conductivity within 1,000 m depth, while measurement of 222Rn activity in soil gas across the neotectonic faults is effective to investigate the groundwater conductivity of the faults, and all the neotectonic faults in the study area striking clockwise from N5°E to N25°W are considered to be water conductive; thus, the areas at the intersection zones of neotectonic faults in the basin in groundwater runoff and discharge regions are promising targets for geothermal exploration. This conceptual model was verified by the geothermal fields already discovered in the study area and proved to be reasonable, and then a potential drilling site was predicted and proved to be successful. It is suggested that this workflow for geothermal exploration is suitable for Zhangjiakou city and may also be applied to other mountainous areas.
Effect of Hydrocarbon Presence and Properties on the Magnetic Signature of the Reservoir Sediments of the Catcher Area Development Region, UK North Sea
Authors: Abdulkarim Maryam A. , Muxworthy Adrian R. , Fraser Alastair , Sims Michael , Cowan Alison
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a detailed study investigating the effect of hydrocarbon presence on magnetic mineral diagenesis in sediments from the Catcher Area Development (CAD) region, UK North Sea, between 1,000 and 1,500 m (True Vertical Depth Sub-Sea). Magnetic analysis of core samples from hydrocarbon fields of the region and nearby dry-well sandstones (background) was carried out to determine if their signatures can serve as a proxy for understanding petroleum reservoir systems. From the background samples, nanometric and micron-sized magnetite, hematite and titano-iron oxides, were identified. Hydrocarbon presence in the reservoir sediments was found to diminish the iron-oxide signature and favour the precipitation of hexagonal pyrrhotite, siderite and potentially vivianite, lepidocrocite, greigite and paramagnetic iron sulphides. Hexagonal pyrrhotite was found at the oil-water transition zones. This relationship is possibly related to biodegradation at this interface. Siderite was found in increased abundance at shallower depths within the reservoir, which we attribute to hydrocarbon vertical migration and biodegradation. The interbedded shales also experienced significant magnetic mineral diagenesis that depended on its proximity to the hydrocarbon plume. These findings suggest that mineral magnetism can be applied to the identification of oil-water transition zones, reserve estimation, production planning and the determination of hydrocarbon migration pathways. It also suggests that mineral magnetic methods can be used to estimate the timing of hydrocarbon migration.
Grain-Size Analysis of Ancient Deep-Marine Sediments Using Laser Diffraction
Authors: Brooks Hannah L. , Steel Elisabeth , Moore Mikaela
Published: April 2022

Grain-size analysis of siliciclastic sedimentary rocks provides critical information for interpreting flow dynamics and depositional environments in sedimentary systems and for analysing reservoir quality of sandstone. Methods such as sieving and thin-section analysis are time consuming and unsuited for large sample numbers. Laser diffraction particle analysis is quick and reliable for analysing 100s of samples, assuming successful disaggregation. Here, we evaluate this method utilizing samples from three siliciclastic formations in Northern Italy: the Miocene Castagnola and Marnoso-Arenacea Formations, and the Cretaceous to Palaeocene Gottero Formation, which vary in degree of lithification. We focus on: 1) methods of whole-rock disaggregation; 2) methods of subsampling sediment for laser diffraction analysis; and 3) comparison of thin-section analysis with laser-diffraction particle size analysis. Using an ultrasonic bath and a SELFRAG (high voltage selective fragmentation) as disaggregation tools, this study evaluates separation of whole, undamaged grains subsequently measured by laser diffraction analysis. We show that it is possible to disaggregate ancient, well cemented rocks using an ultrasonic bath. When disaggregating samples with the SELFRAG method, grain-size measurements become less accurate and less precise with increasing sample lithification and increased presence of cement. This is likely a combination of incomplete grain disaggregation in the SELFRAG and heterogeneity within samples. Following disaggregation, we compare sub-sampling methods using a stirrer plate versus a pipette. Both produce accurate analyses, but the stirrer method is the most reliable and replicable. A comparative small subsample method, run as one whole sample with no need for subdivision into aliquots, is found to be reliable and replicable but is more susceptible to heterogeneity within field samples. When comparing laser diffraction results to grain-size volume methods estimated from thin-section analysis, thin-section sand grains are overestimated, and clay/silt grains are inaccurate. These results provide a framework for understanding potential biases introduced through various sample preparation and measurement methods.
Micropore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Clays Due to Freeze-Thaw and Compression Based on Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry
Authors: Wang Shengfu , Lv Liang , Xue Kaixi , Zhang Dongjie , Li Mingdong , Li Dongwei , Yuan Chang
Published: April 2022

The artificial ground freezing method has been widely used in shield end reinforcement and connecting channel reinforcement of urban subway tunnel in water-rich soft soil. Accurate quantification of micropore change and redistribution due to freeze-thaw is important to understand frost heave and thaw settlement of soft soils including mucky clay and silty clay. This paper presents Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) data for mucky clay and silty clay specimens before and after freeze-thaw and compression. MIP tests were conducted on the soil samples of undisturbed soil, frozen-thawed soil, compressed soil and compressed frozen-thawed soil. The pores of clays were divided into five groups according to the diameter, including 1) macro pore, 2) medium pore, 3) small pore, 4) micro pore, 5) ultramicro pore. Micro pores and ultramicro pores account for more than 80% of clays’ total pore volume and pore surface area. The pore distribution characteristics of mucky clay and silty clay were studied, and the pore volume and pore surface area distributions’ capacity dimension was estimated. The particle contact, pore changes of clays due to freeze-thaw and compression were analyzed quantitatively. Total pore volume and pore surface area of clays increased due to freeze-thaw, and decreased due to compression correspondingly. The distribution of clays’ pore volume and pore surface area have statistical self similarity, and it is effective to quantify the microstructure changes of clays due to freeze-thaw and compression by estimating capacity dimension, which can provide a new way to reveal the internal micro-pore change of clays due to freeze-thaw and compression quantitatively.
Performance Study of a Superfine Cement–Bentonite-Based Emulsified Asphalt Composite Grout for Water-Bearing Sand Layers
Authors: Lei Cao , Jingwei Liang , Xiang Wang , Maiyong Jiang , Jinyou Li , Chu Jiang
Published: April 2022

Grouting is an important and common method for fortifying water-bearing sand layers; however, this method is difficult to perform due to the poor groutability of these sand layers. This paper proposes superfine cement–bentonite-based emulsified asphalt composite grout (CACG) to infiltrate water-bearing sand layers. The grout uses superfine cement and bentonite as the base materials, while emulsified asphalt is added to achieve good pumpability, excellent fluidity, high stability and sufficient compressive strength. The effects of the composition and formulation on the performance of CACG is determined through a series of laboratory experiments, and the recommended optimal formulation of CACG is as follows: a water/superfine cement ratio of 1:1, a bentonite content of 6.5%, and an emulsified asphalt content of 20%. The effectiveness and economy of CACG is checked by a field test in which CACG is applied to the water-bearing sand layers of a river embankment. The results illustrate that CACG not only fulfills engineering requirements but is also cost effective.
Parameter Determination Method of Cassie-Mayr Hybrid Arc Model Based on Magnetohydrodynamics Plasma Theory
Authors: Yang Fan , Tang Zhaohui , Shen Yu , Su Lei , Yang Zhichun
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes an improved alternating current (AC) arc model based on the Cassie-Mayr hybrid model and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) theory. The undetermined parameters of the traditional Cassie-Mayr arc model are mainly obtained by subjective methods such as empirical value, approximate expression, and indirect estimation which are complex, inaccurate, and dependent on experimental data. To overcome these disadvantages, an axisymmetric two-dimensional arc model is established based on the MHD theory, and the undetermined parameter values of the Cassie-Mayr hybrid arc model are obtained based on the results of MHD numerical simulation. The accuracy of the proposed modified Cassie-Mayr model is verified by comparing with experimental data, and the results of the modified Cassie-Mayr model, traditional Mayr model, and Cassie model are discussed. The arc characteristics of serval loads are studied and analyzed based on the modified model.
Research on Unsteady Wake Characteristics of the NREL 5MW Wind Turbine Under Yaw Conditions Based on a LBM-LES Method
Authors: Xue Feifei , Xu Chang , Huang Haiqin , Shen Wenzhong , Han Xingxing , Jiao Zhixiong
Published: April 2022

The yaw of a large-scale wind turbine will change the aerodynamic performance of its substructures. In view of this, this article applied a LBM-LES method to numerically simulate the yawed MEXICO wind turbine and compared the numerical results with the experimental data collected in the New MEXICO experiment to verify the reliability of the method. A rapid dynamic yaw is defined with a yaw speed of 5°/s in yaw control, while a slow dynamic yaw is with a yaw speed of 0.3°/s. The NREL 5 MW offshore wind turbine was used to explore the constant wake characteristics under the conditions of a rapid dynamic yaw and of a slow dynamic yaw. It can be seen from the results that the LBM-LES method captures the detailed characteristics of the complex unsteady flow field of the wind turbine. In the rapid dynamic yaw process, the transition area between the far wake and the near wake shows a large deflection. However, in the process of the slow dynamic yaw, the far wake deflects forward relatively to the yaw. The dynamic yaw wake forms a kidney-shaped cross-section similar to the one in a steady yaw. The yaw wake recovers faster than the wake without yaw, and the rapid dynamic yaw wake has an asymmetric structure. The thrust of the wind turbine drops rapidly during the rapid dynamic yaw, while the thrust of the slow dynamic yaw decreases gradually. The thrust drops three times per rotor revolution, and the time of thrust decrease is delayed as the yaw angle increases.
Explorations Into the Viability of High Voltage Bipolar Na-Ion Cells Using Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Rudola Ashish , Wright Christopher J. , Barker Jerry
Published: April 2022

Bipolar electrodes can be defined as electrodes where cathode and anode active materials exist on either side of a shared current collector substrate. The resultant rechargeable bipolar batteries, using series-connected electrochemical cells within one sealed enclosure, can enable high-voltage systems irrespective of the voltage of the cathode//anode couple used. The sodium-ion battery, being well-suited for the bipolar concept, is now rapidly being commercialized and has higher energy densities than most rechargeable battery technologies. However, bipolar sodium-ion batteries using commercially-feasible liquid electrolytes and manufacturing methodologies, have not been demonstrated at scale yet. Herein, we explore the design methodology needed to enable commercial realization of such bipolar sodium-ion batteries, using liquid electrolytes and different types of cathode//anode couples. We show good cycling stabilities over 200 cycles and potential for voltages beyond 6 V for bipolar Na-ion pouch cells. We also introduce a scalable method to fabricate nSmP Na-ion/mixed-chemistry bipolar cells (n cells in series; m cells in parallel) in a single, sealed cell. Our results point to realistic promise for high voltage and sustainable bipolar sodium-ion batteries.
Brazilin From Caesalpinia sappan L. Induced Apoptosis via mTOR and HO-1 Pathway in SW480 Human Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Hong On-Yu , Cho Eugene , Kim Jong-Suk , Park Kwang-Hyun
Published: April 2022

The mTOR pathway is a crucial biological regulatory mechanism of cell growth, proliferation and cell death, and its inhibitors were new candidates of anticancer drugs through regulation of energy balance and metabolism. In the present study, whether brazilin and mTOR inhibitor (Torin1) exerts anti-cancer effects was evaluated and the mechanism of its regulation in colorectal cancer cells investigated. Brazilin showed dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity of colorectal cancer cells (SW480 cells) through apoptosis pathways such as Bcl-2, Bax, as well as cleavage of caspase 3, caspase 9, and PARP1. In addition, brazilin reduced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the mTOR inhibitor torin 1 blocked this phosphorylation. Brazilin also decreased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner; however, hemin, a specific HO-1 substrate, markedly increased HO-1 expression. Torin 1 reduced hemin-induced HO-1 expression and increased colorectal cell death in a dose-dependent manner in the presence and absence of hemin. Moreover, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation into nucleus fraction was crucial role in brazilin-mediated apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells. These results showed that brazilin and torin1 might regulate the mTOR signaling pathway by decreasing mTOR phosphorylation. Furthermore, mTOR signaling was associated with brazilin-regulated HO-1 expression, which induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. These results suggest that synthetic and/or natural mTOR inhibitors were useful candidate for treatment of colorectal cancer cells.
Robust Unit Commitment for Minimizing Wind Spillage and Load Shedding With Optimal DPFC
Authors: Zhu Xuedong , Wu Jun , Liu Dichen
Published: April 2022

The distributed power flow controller (DPFC) has a positive effect of UC problem on the network side based on its ability to manage capacity of power flow. This study presents a novel two-stage robust model to optimize the status of the generator and location–allocation of the DPFC, while simultaneously considering wind and load uncertainties. The column-and-constraint generation (CCG) method is utilized to solve the two-stage problem into the master problem and the subproblem iteratively. The optimal status of the generator and location of the DPFC can be easily obtained with the master problem, and the dispatch solution and compensation level of the DPFC are solved in the subproblem. We conduct the IEEE 24 bus system to verify the performance of the proposed procedure. There are effects on wind spillage/load shedding and generator dispatch scheduling planning once the DPFC is injected. Detailed simulation results illustrate the effect of the proposed approach.
SmartAirQ: A Big Data Governance Framework for Urban Air Quality Management in Smart Cities
Authors: Kaginalkar Akshara , Kumar Shamita , Gargava Prashant , Kharkar Neelesh , Niyogi Dev
Published: April 2022

Rapid urbanization across the world has put an enormous burden on our environment. Cities from developing countries, in particular, are experiencing high air pollution levels. To address this challenge, the new WHO global air quality guidelines and various nations are mandating cities to implement clean air measures. However, these implementations are largely hindered by limited observations, siloed city operations, absence of standard processes, inadequate outreach, and absence of collaborative urban air quality management (UAQM) governance. The world is experiencing transformative changes in the way we live. The 4th industrial revolution technologies of artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, big data, and cloud computing bridge gaps between physical, natural, and personal entities. Globally, smart cities are being promulgated on the premise that technologies and data aid in improving urban services. However, in many instances, the smart city programs and UAQM services may not be aligned, thereby constraining the cumulative advantage in building urban resilience. Considering the potential of these technologies as enablers of environmental sustainability, a conceptual urban computing framework “SmartAirQ” for UAQM is designed. This interdisciplinary study outlines the SmartAirQ components: 1) data acquisition, 2) communication and aggregation, 3) data processing and management, 4) intelligence, 5) application service, 6) high-performance computing- (HPC-) cloud, and 7) security. The framework has integrated science cloud and urban services aiding in translating scientific data into operations. It is a step toward collaborative, data-driven, and sustainable smart cities.
m6A Regulator-Mediated RNA Methylation Modification Patterns are Involved in the Pathogenesis and Immune Microenvironment of Depression
Authors: Wang Ye , Wang Xinyi , Yang Chenyi , Hua Wei , Wang Haiyun
Published: April 2022

Depression is a genetical disease characterized by neuroinflammatory symptoms and is difficult to diagnose and treat effectively. Recently, modification of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) at the gene level was shown to be closely related to immune regulation. This study was conducted to explore the effect of m6A modifications on the occurrence of depression and composition of the immune microenvironment. We downloaded gene expression profile data of healthy and depressed rats from the Gene Expression Omnibus. We described the overall expression of m6A regulators in animal models of depression and constructed risk and clinical prediction models using training and validation sets. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using gene ontology functions, gene set enrichment analysis, gene set variation analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and protein-protein interaction networks. We used CIBERSORT to identify immune-infiltrating cells in depression and perform correlation analysis. We then constructed two molecular subtypes of depression and assessed the correlation between the key genes and molecular subtypes. Through differential gene analysis of m6A regulators in depressed rats, we identified seven m6A regulators that were significantly upregulated in depressed rats and successfully constructed a clinical prediction model. Gene Ontology functional annotation showed that the m6A regulators enriched differentially expressed genes in biological processes, such as the regulation of mRNA metabolic processes. Further, 12 hub genes were selected from the protein-protein interaction network. Immune cell infiltration analysis showed that levels of inflammatory cells, such as CD4 T cells, were significantly increased in depressed rats and were significantly correlated with the depression hub genes. Depression was divided into two subtypes, and the correlation between hub genes and these two subtypes was clarified. We described the effect of m6A modification on the pathogenesis of depression, focusing on the role of inflammatory infiltration.
TNFAIP3 Reduction-of-Function Drives Female Infertility and CNS Inflammation
Authors: Zammit Nathan W. , McDowell Joseph , Warren Joanna , Muskovic Walter , Gamble Joanne , Shi Yan-Chuan , Kaczorowski Dominik , Chan Chia-Ling , Powell Joseph , Ormandy Chris , Brown David , Oakes Samantha R. , Grey Shane T.
Published: April 2022

Women with autoimmune and inflammatory aetiologies can exhibit reduced fecundity. TNFAIP3 is a master negative regulator of inflammation, and has been linked to many inflammatory conditions by genome wide associations studies, however its role in fertility remains unknown. Here we show that mice harbouring a mild Tnfaip3 reduction-of-function coding variant (Tnfaip3I325N) that reduces the threshold for inflammatory NF-κB activation, exhibit reduced fecundity. Sub-fertility in Tnfaip3I325N mice is associated with irregular estrous cycling, low numbers of ovarian secondary follicles, impaired mammary gland development and insulin resistance. These pathological features are associated with infertility in human subjects. Transplantation of Tnfaip3I325N ovaries, mammary glands or pancreatic islets into wild-type recipients rescued estrous cycling, mammary branching and hyperinsulinemia respectively, pointing towards a cell-extrinsic hormonal mechanism. Examination of hypothalamic brain sections revealed increased levels of microglial activation with reduced levels of luteinizing hormone. TNFAIP3 coding variants may offer one contributing mechanism for the cause of sub-fertility observed across otherwise healthy populations as well as for the wide variety of auto-inflammatory conditions to which TNFAIP3 is associated. Further, TNFAIP3 represents a molecular mechanism that links heightened immunity with neuronal inflammatory homeostasis. These data also highlight that tuning-up immunity with TNFAIP3 comes with the potentially evolutionary significant trade-off of reduced fertility.
Pathological Osteoclasts and Precursor Macrophages in Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Hasegawa Tetsuo , Ishii Masaru
Published: April 2022

Macrophages comprise a variety of subsets with diverse biological functions, including inflammation, tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis. In the bone marrow, macrophages differentiate into multinucleated osteoclasts, which have a unique bone-destroying capacity and play key roles in physiological bone remodelling. In contrast, osteoclasts are also involved in inflammatory bone erosion in arthritis and it has been unclear whether the osteoclasts in different tissue settings arise from similar monocytoid precursors and share similar phenotypes. Rapid progresses in the sequencing technologies have provided many important insights regarding the heterogeneity of different types of osteoclasts. The application of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to the osteoclast precursor-containing macrophages enabled to identify the specific subpopulation differentiating into pathological mature osteoclasts in joints. Furthermore, an intravital imaging technology using two-photon microscopy has succeeded in visualizing the real-time dynamics of immune cells in the synovial microenvironment. These technologies together contributed to characterize the unique macrophages in the inflamed synovium, termed “arthritis-associated osteoclastogenic macrophages (AtoMs)”, causing the pathological bone destruction in inflammatory arthritis. Here, we review and discuss how novel technologies help to better understand the role of macrophages in inflammatory arthritis, especially focusing of osteoclastogenesis at the pannus-bone interface.
EASIX and Severe Endothelial Complications After CD19-Directed CAR-T Cell Therapy—A Cohort Study
Authors: Korell Felix , Penack Olaf , Mattie Mike , Schreck Nicholas , Benner Axel , Krzykalla Julia , Wang Zixing , Schmitt Michael , Bullinger Lars , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Dreger Peter , Luft Thomas
Published: April 2022

Background

Endothelial dysfunction is associated with two main complications of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). This study evaluates the Endothelial Activation and Stress Index (EASIX) as a prognostic marker for high-grade CRS and ICANS in patients treated with CD19-directed CAR-T cells.

Methods

In this retrospective study, a training cohort of 93 patients from the ZUMA-1 trial and a validation cohort of 121 patients from two independent centers (University Hospital Heidelberg, Charité University Medicine Berlin) were investigated. The primary objective was to assess the predictive capacity of EASIX measured immediately before the start of lymphodepletion (EASIX-pre) for the occurrence of grade ≥3 CRS and/or ICANS. To explore a possible endothelial link, serum levels of endothelial stress markers (angiopoietin-2, suppressor of tumorigenicity-2, soluble thrombomodulin, and interleukin-8) were determined before lymphodepletion and on day 7 after CART infusion in the validation cohort (n = 47).

Results

The prognostic effect of EASIX-pre on grade ≥3 CRS and/or ICANS was significant in the training cohort [OR 2-fold increase 1.72 (1.26–2.46)] and validated in the independent cohort. An EASIX-pre cutoff >4.67 derived from the training cohort associated with a 4.3-fold increased odds ratio of severe CRS/ICANS in the independent cohort. Serum endothelial distress markers measured on day+7 correlated with EASIX-pre and associated with severe complications.

Conclusions

EASIX-pre is a powerful predictor of severe CRS/ICANS after CD19-directed CART therapy and might be used as a basis for risk-adapted prevention strategies.
Predator Field and Colony Morphology Determine the Defensive Benefit of Colony Formation in Marine Phytoplankton
Authors: Ryderheim Fredrik , Hansen Per Juel , Kiørboe Thomas
Published: April 2022

Colony formation in marine phytoplankton can be modified by the presence of grazers, but the effect of colony size and shape on the feeding behavior of grazers is still relatively unknown. To explore the defensive role of colony formation, we examined the feeding response of three differently sized grazers (copepodites, copepod nauplii, and two heterotrophic dinoflagellates) feeding on colony-forming phytoplankton, using both direct video observations and bottle incubations. We found a dramatic increase in capture clearance rate with colony size for copepodites, up to 140% higher in the largest diatom chains relative to their solitary cells. This was in part facilitated by a mechanism – described here for the first time – by which copepods efficiently detect and capture colonies using the antennules, thereby increasing their capture radius. Prey handling time by copepodites increased with colony size, but did not limit prey ingestion. Larger chains of diatoms were efficiently handled and consumed by the copepodites, whereas larger spherical colonies of Phaeocystis globosa were rejected subsequent to capture. In contrast, colonial phytoplankton were better protected against the microzooplankton and copepod nauplii examined, since these only managed to consume smaller colonies equivalent of a few cells. We find that the defensive value of colony formation depends on the size and foraging behavior of the grazer and the size and shape of the colony. Thus, the defensive benefit is therefore a function of the composition of the grazer community. We argue that bloom formation in chain-forming diatoms is facilitated by the efficient protection against rapidly responding micro-grazers and the lagged numerical response of efficient copepod grazers.