bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-year effect of wetting on CH4 flux at taiga-tundra boundary in northeastern Siberia deduced from stable isotope ratios of CH4
Authors: Shingubara Ryo , Sugimoto Atsuko , Murase Jun , Iwahana Go , Tei Shunsuke , Liang Maochang , Takano Shinya , Morozumi Tomoki , Maximov Trofim
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The response of CH4 emission from natural wetlands to meteorological conditions is important because of its strong greenhouse effect. To understand relationship between CH4 flux and wetting, we observed interannual variations in chamber CH4 flux, and concentration, δ13C, and δD of dissolved CH4 in summers from 2009 to 2013 at the taiga-tundra boundary in the vicinity of Chokurdakh (70°37' N, 147°55' E) on the lowland of the Indigirka River in northeastern Siberia. We also conducted incubation experiments to interpret δ13C and δD of CH4 to investigate variations in CH4 production and oxidation processes. Methane flux showed large interannual variation in wet areas of sphagnum mosses and sedges (36–140 mg CH4 m−2 day−1 as emission). Increased CH4 flux was recorded in summer 2011 when a wetting event with extreme precipitation occurred. Although water level decreased from 2011 to 2013, CH4 flux remained relatively large in 2012, and increased further in 2013. Concurrently, dissolved CH4 concentration rose by one order of magnitude from 2011 to 2012, and increased further from 2012 to 2013. Large variations in δ13C and δD of dissolved CH4 were observed in 2011, and less variations were seen in 2012 and 2013, suggesting both enhancement of CH4 production and depression of CH4 oxidation. These multi-year effects of wetting on CH4 dynamics may have been caused by continued soil reduction across multiple years after wetting, which suggests that duration of water saturation in the active layer can be important for predicting CH4 emission following a wetting event in permafrost ecosystem.
Insensitivity of alkenone carbon isotopes to atmospheric CO2
at low to moderate CO2 levels
Authors: Badger Marcus P. S. , Chalk Thomas B. , Foster Gavin L. , Bown Paul R. , Gibbs Samantha J. , Sexton Philip F. , Schmidt Daniela N. , Pälike Heiko , Mackensen Andreas , Pancost Richard D.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric pCO2 is a critical component of the global carbon system and is considered to be the major control of Earth's past, present and future climate. Accurate and precise reconstructions of its concentration through geological time are, therefore, crucial to our understanding of the Earth system. Ice core records document pCO2 for the past 800 kyrs, but at no point during this interval were CO2 levels higher than today. Interpretation of older pCO2 has been hampered by discrepancies during some time intervals between two of the main ocean-based proxy methods used to reconstruct pCO2: the carbon isotope fractionation that occurs during photosynthesis as recorded by haptophyte biomarkers (alkenones) and the boron isotope composition (δ11B) of foraminifer shells. Here we present alkenone and δ11B-based pCO2 reconstructions generated from the same samples from the Plio-Pleistocene at ODP Site 999 across a glacial-interglacial cycle. We find a muted response to pCO2 in the alkenone record compared to contemporaneous ice core and δ11B records, suggesting caution in the interpretation of alkenone-based records at low pCO2 levels. This is possibly caused by the physiology of CO2 uptake in the haptophytes. Our new understanding resolves some of the inconsistencies between the proxies and highlights that caution may be required when interpreting alkenone-based reconstructions of pCO2.
Uma revisão da história do "pretérito perfecto" no espanhol
Authors: Silveira de Araujo Leandro
Published: November 2018

Resumo. O objetivo desse trabalho é apresentar como se constituiu funcional e formalmente o pretérito perfecto (PP), do latim até as línguas românicas, com atenção à língua espanhola e variedades. Para isso, recuperamos pressupostos dos estudos de gramaticalização para compreendermos os processos linguísticos envolvidos na história PP. Soma-se a esse referencial teórico a observação do uso da língua em diferentes etapas de formação, comparando o uso medieval com o contemporâneo. Nossa base de dados fundamenta-se em enunciados antigos compilados por filólogos e por enunciados difundidos contemporaneamente na esfera jornalística (jornal escrito e entrevistas radiofônicas). Esta proposta se justifica por permitir a contemplação do processo de mudanças e das acomodações que vêm sofrendo os pretéritos perfectos compuesto e simple, viabilizando, por conseguinte, a compreensão de que os comportamentos descritos nas variedades do espanhol contemporâneo correspondem a um processo em construção tanto nessa língua, como nas outras línguas românicas.
Construcciones con adverbios relativos de lugar en distintas lenguas romances: español, francés e italiano. Estudio comparativo en tres ediciones actuales de "El Quijote"
Authors: González Santolalla Míriam
Published: November 2018

En este trabajo estudiamos el funcionamiento de los adverbios relativos de lugar en distintas lenguas romances, concretamente, en español (donde), francés (où) e italiano (dove). A partir del origen latino común de estos términos, mostraremos su evolución hasta la actualidad, y pasaremos después a analizar las construcciones en que intervienen en cada lengua. Se identifican varios procedimientos para la expresión de los matices locativos –la ubicación, la procedencia, la dirección o el trayecto– y no locativos –los sentidos temporal, consecutivo o final, entre otros– basados, principalmente, en la anteposición de preposiciones o en la existencia de diferentes adverbios asociados a determinados valores. El estudio llevado a cabo en este trabajo nos permitirá conocer en qué medida los procedimientos descritos en las gramáticas descriptivas y normativas consultadas recogen el funcionamiento de estos adverbios en una obra literaria traducida al español, francés e italiano actuales.
La representación de la guerra en "Capital de la gloria" (2003), de Juan Eduardo Zúñiga
Authors: Díaz Navarro Epicteto
Published: November 2018

Juan Eduardo Zúñiga es un caso único entre los escritores de la Guerra Civil. Aunque padece la guerra en su juventud, espera nada menos que hasta 1980 para publicar su primer libro de relatos sobre la guerra, Largo noviembre de Madrid. El segundo, Capital de la Gloria aparece en 2003. Mi trabajo se centra en examinar en esta obra la representación la guerra, los rasgos unificadores del texto, cuyo origen está en una memoria que no se expresa a través del relato autobiográfico sino por medio de la ficción.
The Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures And Corporate Value: Evidence from Listed Companies on Vietnam’s Stock Market
Authors: Thuy Ta Hang Thi , Bui Ngoc Thi , Tu Le Oanh Thi
Published: November 2018

Information on corporate social responsibility is part of non-financial information which shows the interaction of business with society and the living environment, specifically, information on environmental pollution control, human rights, product liability, labor relations, charitable activities. Corporate social responsibility disclosure is considered a means to help enterprises increase their reputation, enhance their competitiveness, and strengthen relationships with stakeholders. The sharing of this information has become a global business trend. This study uses Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) Regression Analysis to examine the reciprocal relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosures and corporate value represented by the Tobin'Q ratio through a sample of 43 listed firms on Vietnam’s stock market during the period 2006–2016 with 473 observations. The results show that there is a positive reciprocal relationship between corporate social responsibility disclosures and corporate value Tobin'Q.
Corporate Tax Planning Practice: A Bourdiesian’s Perspective
Authors: Kportorgbi Holy Kwabla , Gadzo Samuel Gameli , Gatsi John Gartchie
Published: November 2018

This paper departs from traditional taxonomy of tax planning research that treats structures and actors as independent of each other. Using multiple semi structured interview of two major stakeholder groups-tax practitioners and tax researchers, the paper attempted social construction of tax planning practice. Emerging themes from the data reflects three postulates in Bourdieu’s social practice theory.Our findings establish tax planning as a social practice, under the meaning of Bourdieu’s theory of social practice.  Structuring properties, in the form of habitus of actors and their valuable tax planning capital, interract, in a dialectic manner with tax structures to produce tax practice.Our findings dispel traditional conception of tax planning structures and actors as independent of each other. The findings, thus support a notion of structure-actor duality. We postulate a framework comprising field, capital and habitus interacting to explain variations in tax planning practice across space and time.On the strengh of our finding that tax planning practice invoke serveral issues in other disciplines, we recommend that researchers in the field of accounting draw from theories in behavioural sciences.
Adapting Traditions: Lacunae Surrounding the 1934 Film Adaptation of Edith Wharton'sThe Age of Innocence
Authors: Wood Bethany
Published: November 2018

Edith Wharton's status as a literary author and her relative disinterest in the processes of adaptation dovetail with the traditional subjects and cultural hierarchies that have shaped the field of adaptation studies. This sympathy of biases has produced curious lacunae surrounding RKO's 1934 film version of The Age of Innocence. While several scholars have analyzed Martin Scorsese's 1993 adaptation, few studies provide in-depth analysis of the 1934 version directed by Philip Moeller. Both versions are accessible to modern scholars, yet Scorsese's adaptation, made primarily from Wharton's novel, has received more scrutiny from Wharton scholars than has Moeller's version, reputedly adapted from the 1928 stage version by Margaret Ayer Barnes. This article combines archival research with textual analysis to challenge long-held understandings concerning this adaptation and to interrogate the scholarly traditions that produce and perpetuate gaps related to adaptations of literary works. Considering particular lacunae in scholarship regarding this adaptation demonstrates the potential that methods and subjects outside scholarly traditions hold for both Wharton scholarship and adaptation studies.
The Impact of Different Genres of Music on Teenagers
Authors: Chen Junle Richard
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of different genres of music (Jazz, Hip-hop, Pop, Classical) on the cognitive abilities, calmness, stress, mood, and energy of adolescents. Utilizing Muse Headband, an EEG Monitoring app, and Sennheiser headphone, volunteers completed a designed experimental protocol and were tested on the aforementioned variables. The study found that all music indicated a trend of improved energy, stress, mood, and calmness. Although some of the results were insignificant, the consistency of the results suggests correlations between (a) calmness and cognitive abilities, (b) stress and calmness, (c) mood and energy level, and (d) calmness and energy level.
The Effect of Professional Development on Multilingual Education in Early Childhood in Luxembourg
Authors: Kirsch Claudine , Aleksić Gabrijela
Published: November 2018

While multilingual programmes have been implemented in early childhood education in several countries, professionals have shown to be unsure of how to deal with language diversity and promote home languages. Therefore, there is a need for professional development. The present article discusses the outcomes of a professional course on multilingual education in early childhood delivered to 46 early-years practitioners in Luxembourg. Using a questionnaire administered prior to and after the course as well as interviews, we examined the influence of the training on attitudes to multilingual education and activities to develop Luxembourgish and home languages. The analysis drew on content analysis, paired samples t-test and correlational analysis. The findings show that the course positively influenced the professionals’ knowledge about multilingualism and language learning, their attitudes towards home languages, their interest in organising activities in the children’s home languages and the implementation of these activities. The results shed light on special interest areas such as the quality of input that future professional development courses could focus on.
Alternative Herbicides for Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed in Nebraska
Authors: Knezevic Stevan Z. , Osipitan O. Adewale , Scott Jon E. , Nedeljkovic Dejan
Published: November 2018

Giant ragweed is an early emerging and one of the most competitive summer annual species found in many fields throughout North America. Extensive use of glyphosate in glyphosate-tolerant (GT) crops has evolved giant ragweed populations with glyphosate resistance. Field dose-response studies were conducted to determine the influence of growth stage on the level of glyphosate resistance in a suspected giant ragweed population. In addition, efficacy of alternative pre-plant, pre-emergence (PRE) and post-emergence (POST) herbicides were evaluated in corn and soybeans for glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed control. The field glyphosate dose-response studies confirmed that the suspected giant ragweed population were resistant ranging from 14- to 32-fold resistance depending on the growth stage of glyphosate application. The 10, 20 and 30 cm tall giant ragweed had 14, 17 and 32X resistance level, respectively. The dose-response studies indicated that the 10, 20, and 30 cm tall GR giant ragweed was controlled 90% with 214, 402 and 482 g ae ha-1 of dicamba, respectively, when tank-mixed with glyphosate (1060 g ae ha-1) 21 days after treatment (DAT). All evaluated pre-plant herbicides for corn provided ≥ 90% control of the GR giant ragweed at 30 DAT; among which the best control (100%) was achieved with pre-plant application of atrazine (2240 g ai ha-1), isoxaflutole (90 g ai ha-1), and premix of flumioxazin/pyroxasulfone (315 g ai ha-1). Herbicide combinations of different site of action provided greater than 90% control of the GR giant ragweed population in a PRE followed by POST herbicide program in corn and soybean, suggesting that alternative herbicide for giant ragweed control are available.
A New feature extraction method to Improve Emotion Detection Using EEG Signals
Authors: Zamanian Hanieh , Farsi Hassan
Published: November 2018

Since emotion plays an important role in human life, demand and importance of automatic emotion detection have grown with increasing role of human computer interface applications. In this research, the focus is on the emotion detection from the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. The system derives a mechanism of quantification of basic emotions using. So far, several methods have been reported, which generally use different processing algorithms, evolutionary algorithms, neural networks and classification algorithms. The aim of this paper is to develop a smart method to improve the accuracy of emotion detection by discrete signal processing techniques and applying optimized support vector machine classifier with genetic evolutionary algorithm. The obtained results show that the proposed method provides the accuracy of 93.86% in detection of 4 emotions which is higher than state-of-the-art methods.
Results of one stage onlay hernia repair with abdominoplasty in patients following gastric by-pass surgery
Authors: Antoszewski Bogusław , Iljin Aleksandra , Skulimowski Aleksander , Zieliński Tomasz , Strzelczyk Janusz , Szymański Dariusz
Published: November 2018

Purpose. Evaluation of results after one-time incisional hernia repair (IHR) modo on-lay and abdominoplasty (Ab-pl) in patients after loss of weight following previous Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass – RYGB and analysis of changes in quality of life (QL) in bariatric patients before RYGB, as well as before and after abdominal contouring operation.
Material and Methods. Clinical analysis involved 20 patients with abdominal disfigurement (following RYGB, and massive weight loss) who underwent one-time IHR using on-lay method together with Ab-pl. We estimated postoperative results, as well as changes in QL, before RYGB and before and after abdominal contouring procedure (based on DAS 24 and SF-36 scales).
Results. Complications - abnormal wound healing (infection, local necrosis) were found in two persons, seroma in 2 cases, respiratory decompensation in two, whereas dysesthesia in four patients (permanent - 2, transient – 2). Estimation of the quality of life revealed significant improvement in the functional, aesthetic and psychological aspects after one-time abdominal surgery. In relation to patient’s QL estimation before RYGB, we found improvement by 39.7 % and 61.6 % - aesthetically (DAS 24), 64.6 % and 94.9 % - functionally (in SF-36 physical dimension), 66.7 % and 78.9 % - psychologically ( in SF-36 mental dimension).
Conclusions. One stage on-lay hernia repair and abdominoplasty is a safe method improving the functioning of patients. All stages of bariatric treatment resulted in gradual improvement of the quality of life. Reduction of the risk of BMI re-growth after bariatric surgery is related to the need for constant, specialized care for these patients, regardless of the stage of their postbariatric follow-up.
Oxidative stress in proliferative lesions of parathyroid gland
Authors: Deska Mariusz , Segiet Oliwia , Romuk Ewa , Buła Grzegorz , Polczyk Joanna , Gawrychowski Jacek
Published: November 2018

Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the most common endocrine disorders and defined as excessive secretion of parathormone. PHPT is a risk factor of several cardiovascular diseases, which could be caused by alterations in oxidant-antioxidant balance.
Materials and methods: Blood serum collected from 52 consecutive patients with PHPT treated surgically constituted our study material, whereas 36 healthy volunteers were our control group. Oxidative stress was evaluated in both patients and control subjects by assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxides (LHP). Antioxidants were evaluated by the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ceruloplasmin (CER), catalase (CAT), sulfhydryl (SH) groups, glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione transferase activity (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR). Moreover total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) were measured and oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated.
Results: OSI was increased in patients with PHPT when compared to normal controls, whereas TAC was lower in PHPT. The levels of CER, MnSOD, GR, SH groups and MDA were significantly decreased in PHPT. The levels of serum LHP, catalase and SOD were significantly higher in patients with PHPT than in healthy patients. The erythrocyte CAT activity and GST were significantly increased in patients after parathyroidectomy. The erythrocyte GR and GPx were up-regulated postoperatively, whereas SOD activity decreased.
Conclusions: In PHPT there are several alterations in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense system.
A new way of presenting diagnostic imaging studies in surgical planning
Authors: Alzubedi Adam , Kusz Monika , Kuczyńska Maryla , Białek Wardemar , Bicki Jacek , Rudzki Sławomir
Published: November 2018

Technological advancement, availability and common use of diagnostic imaging slowly but consistently leads to a change in its nature from being additional studies to becoming the basis for diagnostic process and treatment planning especially in complex cases that require surgical treatment. CT angiography study presentation using the illusion called "Pepper’s Ghost" in comparison to a three-dimensional printout and regular CT scan has been made to point out the relevance of research and implementation of new technologies in the diagnosis and surgical planning. Our image, despite being far from ideal and being just an illusion of a hologram, was more appealing and detailed to surgeons in comparison to a printed 3D model and standard CT angiography displayed with Osirix software. In order to change the existing methods of presenting imaging studies, it is advisable to use latest technologies, and among those currently available, ones based on virtual or mixed reality deserve special attention.
Oppskriften- den skjulte læreplanen i mat og helse
Authors: Veka Ingfrid , Wergedahl Hege , Holteh Asle
Published: November 2018

Denne artikkelen setter søkelyset på hvordan lærere operasjonaliserer faget mat og helse på barnetrinnet. Studien er en sammenlignende kasusstudie på tre fulldelte barneskoler. Datainnsamlingen ble gjennomført på 6. trinn på hver skole og fulgte samme struktur: først observasjon av to opplæringsøkter i faget, deretter innhenting av dokumenter og til slutt individuelt intervju med mat- og helselærer. Resultatene viser at lærerne vektla det å lage mat som den viktigste kompo-nenten i mat- og helsefaget, og at oppskriftene var dominerende for planlegging og gjennomføring av opplæringen. Matvarene som ble brukt i opplæringen, så ut til å være et uttrykk for mattradisjoner mer enn et fokus på fagets formål. Videre var lengden på undervisningsøkten styrende for hvordan lærerne gjennomførte opplæringen, og påvirket grad av veiledning og i hvilken grad måltidet framsto som en læringsarena. Når oppskriften framstår som så dominerende i planlegging og gjennomføring av opplæringen, kan den sees på som et nytt læreplannivå, «den skjulte læreplan». Artikkelen diskuterer også hvordan kategoriene i den didaktiske relasjonsmodellen kommer til utrykk i gjennomføringen av opplæringen i faget mat og helse.Nøkkelord: mat- og helseopplæring, oppskriften, matlaging, skjult læreplan, artefakterThe recipe – the hidden curriculum in the food and health subjectAbstractThis article focuses on how teachers operationalize the subject “food and health” at the primary level. The study is a comparative case study at three primary schools. The data was collected in the 6th grade at each school in the following manner: first observation of two teaching sessions in the subject, then collection of documents, and finally an individual interview with the food and health teacher. The results show that the teachers considered cooking as the most important component of the food and health subject, and that the recipes were crucial for the planning and implementation of the teaching. The foods used in the teaching appeared to be based predominantly on food traditions rather than on the health perspective of the subject. Moreover, the time frame of the sessions directed how the teachers carried out the teaching, and this also affected the amount of supervision and the extent to which the meal itself was used as an arena for cultural formation. When the recipe appears to be so dominant in the planning and implementation of the teaching, it can be regarded as a new curriculum level, or a “hidden curriculum”. The article also discusses how the categories in the didactical relation model are expressed in the implementation of the food and health teaching.Keywords: food and health teaching, recipe, cooking, hidden curriculum, artefacts
Naturfag for yrkesfagelever: Er det handlingsrom i læreplanen til å utforme relevant og yrkesrettet undervisning?
Authors: Nordby Mette , Reitan Berit , Jónsdóttir Guðrún
Published: November 2018

Fra flere hold blir innholdet i fellesfagene trukket fram som en årsak til dårlig motiverte elever og frafall i yrkesopplæringen. Forskriften til opplæringsloven stiller eksplisitte krav til at opplæringen i fellesfagene skal være tilpasset de ulike studieprogrammene. Denne studien stiller spørsmål om hvor stort handlingsrom kompetansemålene i læreplanen i naturfag gir lærere til utforming av relevant og yrkesrettet undervisning for yrkesfagelever. Vi har utviklet en analysemetode egnet til å vurdere om et innholdselement i et kompetansemål 1) vil være relevant for yrkesfagelever ved ulike studieprogram, og 2) mulig å tilpasse til yrkesfagelever ved ulike studieprogram. Vi har funnet at kompetansemålene i læreplanen i naturfag setter opp et relativt begrenset handlingsrom med tanke på utforming av relevant og yrkesrettet undervisning for yrkesfagelever. For å realisere kravet om at opplæringen i naturfag skal være tilpasset de ulike studieprogrammene mener vi at det må legges bedre til rette for dette i fremtidige læreplaner. På bakgrunn av funn i denne studien ser vi et behov for ytterligere forskning på yrkesfagelevers opplevelse av relevans i naturfag.Nøkkelord: læreplananalyse, naturfag, yrkesfag, relevans, yrkesretting, yrkesfagelever School science for vocational students: Is there scope for action in the curriculum to design relevant teaching adapted to the various vocational programs?AbstractFrom several sources, the curriculum in the common core subjects is accentuated as a reason for poorly motivated students and dropouts in upper secondary vocational education in Norway. The Regulation for the Education Act makes explicit demands that the teaching in the common core subjects should be adapted to the various vocational programs. This study questions the scope for action in the school science curriculum to create teaching for vocational students that is relevant and adapted to the various vocational programmes. We have developed an analytical method suitable for detecting if a content item in a competence aim 1) will be relevant for vocational students in the different vocational programs, and 2) is possible to adapt to vocational students in the different vocational programs. We have found that the competence aims in the school science curriculum establish a relatively limited scope for actopn in regards to designing relevant teaching, adapted to vocational students. In order to realize the requirement for adaption to the various vocational programs, we claim that this should be facilitated in future school science curricula. Based on findings in this study, we see a need for further research on vocational students and their experience of relevance in school science.Keywords: curriculum analysis, school science, vocational education, relevance, adaptation to vocational education
The Pioneer Americanists: Early Collectors, Dealers, and Bibliographers. J. Kevin Graffagnino, Terese M. Austin, Jayne Ptolemy, and Brian Leigh Dunnigan, eds.
Authors: Chen Amy Hildreth
Published: November 2018

Editors J. Kevin Graffagnino, Terese M. Austin, Jayne Ptolemy, and Brian Leigh Dunnigan seek to turn Americanists’ attention back to the origins of their field, before the titans of twentieth-century industry built our country’s major collections with the wealth of the industrial revolution. By devoting a book to the earliest collectors, dealers, and bibliographers of Americana, the editors argue that the field was already motivated by nostalgia; they assert that embedded in this history of bookmen is a narrative of how “middle and upper-class America: white, Protestant filiopietistic, and male” chose recent history, an intriguing insight in the time of “Make America Great Again” (11).
Agility in the Archives: Translating Agile Methods to Archival Project Management
Authors: Shein Cyndi , Robinson Hannah E. , Gutierrez Hana
Published: November 2018

“Agility in the Archives” affirms the importance of project management in special collections and archives, demonstrating how agile project management methods can augment success in archival processing projects. Shein, Robinson, and Gutierrez present criteria commonly used to measure project success and examine agile project management factors that have been correlated with project success in other disciplines. The authors introduce agile principles and provide practical insight on how agile factors can be adopted to support project success in archives. Drawing examples from a grant-funded project completed by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) University Libraries, the authors establish parallels between efficient iterative archival processing and agile project management methods. The study calls archivists to look beyond the details of archival processing techniques and to approach archival processing projects holistically.
Light-dependent pathways for dopaminergic amacrine cell development and function
Authors: Munteanu Teona , Noronha Katelyn J , Leung Amanda C , Pan Simon , Lucas Jasmine A , Schmidt Tiffany M
Published: November 2018

Retinal dopamine is a critical modulator of high acuity, light-adapted vision and photoreceptor coupling in the retina. Dopaminergic amacrine cells (DACs) serve as the sole source of retinal dopamine, and dopamine release in the retina follows a circadian rhythm and is modulated by light exposure. However, the retinal circuits through which light influences the development and function of DACs are still unknown. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) have emerged as a prime target for influencing retinal dopamine levels because they costratify with DACs in the inner plexiform layer and signal to them in a retrograde manner. Surprisingly, using genetic mouse models lacking specific phototransduction pathways, we find that while light influences the total number of DACs and retinal dopamine levels, this effect does not require ipRGCs. Instead, we find that the rod pathway is a critical modulator of both DAC number and retinal dopamine levels.
Microbiome differences between river-dwelling and cave-adapted populations of the fishAstyanax mexicanus(De Filippi, 1853)
Authors: Ornelas-García Patricia , Pajares Silvia , Sosa-Jiménez Víctor M. , Rétaux Sylvie , Miranda-Gamboa Ramsés A.
Published: November 2018

Symbiotic relationships between host and microbiome can play a major role in local adaptation. Previous studies with freshwater organisms have shown that microbiome performs numerous important biochemical functions for the host, playing a key role in metabolism, physiology or health. Experimental studies in fish groups have found an effect of enzymatic activity of gut microbiota on a variety of metabolic processes. The goal of this study was to compare stomach microbiome from cave and surfaceAstyanax mexicanus,in order to evaluate the potential response of microbiota to contrasting environmental conditions and physiological adaptations of the host. Stomach microbiota was obtained from three different populations: Pachón cave, and two surface rivers (Rascón and Micos rivers). The stomach microbiome was analyzed using the Ion 16S Metagenomic kit considering seven variable regions: V2, V3, V4, V6-7, V8 and V9. A high diversity was observed across samples, including 16 phyla, 120 families and 178 genera. Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Betaproteobacteria were the most abundant phyla across the samples. Although the relative abundance of the core OTUs at genus level were highly contrasting among populations, we did not recover differences in stomach microbiome between contrasting habitats (cave vs. surface rivers). Rather, we observed a consistent association between β-diversity and dissolved oxygen concentration in water. Therefore, and unexpectedly, the microbiota ofA. mexicanusis not linked with the contrasting conditions of the habitat considered here but is related to water parameters.
Migration and transformation of dissolved carbon during accumulated cyanobacteria decomposition in shallow eutrophic lakes: a simulated microcosm study
Authors: Li Zhichun , Zhao Yanping , Xu Xiaoguang , Han Ruiming , Wang Mingyue , Wang Guoxiang
Published: November 2018

The decomposition processes of accumulated cyanobacteria can release large amounts of organic carbon and affect the carbon cycling in shallow eutrophic lakes. However, the migration and transformation mechanisms of dissolved carbon (DC) require further study and discussion. In this study, a 73-day laboratory microcosm experiment using suction samplers (Rhizon and syringe) was conducted to understand the migration and transformation of DC during the cyanobacteria decomposition. The decomposition of cyanobacteria biomass caused anoxic and reduction conditions, and changed the acid-base environment in the water column. During the early incubation (days 0–18), a large amount of cyanobacteria-derived particulate organic matter (POM) was decomposed into dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the overlying water, reaching the highest peak value of 1.82 g L−1 in the treatment added the high cyanobacteria biomass (470 g). After 18 days of incubation, the mineralization of increased DOC to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) maintained a high DIC level of overlying water in treatments added cyanobacteria biomass. The treatment added the medium cyanobacteria biomass (235 g) presented the lower DOC/total dissolved carbon ratio than the high cyanobacteria biomass associated with the lower mineralization from DOC to DIC. Due to the concentration differences of DIC at water-sediment interface, the main migration of DIC from pore water to overlying water occurred in the treatment without added cyanobacteria biomass. However, the treatments added the cyanobacteria biomass presented the obvious diffusion of DOC and the low migration of DIC at the water-sediment interface. The diffusive fluxes of DOC at the water-sediment interface increased with the cyanobacteria biomass added, reaching the maximum value of 411.01 mg/(m2·d) in the treatment added the high cyanobacteria biomass. In the overlying water, the group added the sediment and medium cyanobacteria biomass presented a faster degradation of cyanobacteria-derived POM to DOC and a higher mineralization level of DOC to DIC than added the medium cyanobacteria biomass without sediment. Therefore, during accumulated cyanobacteria decomposition, the biomass of accumulated cyanobacteria and sediment property can influence the migration and transformation of DC, playing an important role in carbon cycling in shallow eutrophic lakes.
O subalterno pede licença para falar
Authors: Soares da Silva Leandro
Published: November 2018

Este artigo apresenta, na primeira parte, uma leitura do ensaio de Gayatri C. Spivak, “Pode o Subalterno Falar?” A leitura desse texto embasa a discussão apresentada na segunda parte, na qual textos de intelectuais e militantes trans* são apresentados, incluindo uma discussão sobre cisgeneridade. O artigo problematiza como o surgimento de intelectuais transfeministas, cujas vozes se erguem como subalternas que ousam falar, atualiza a questão do subalterno na academia brasileira.
Na construção dos corpos: tecendo saberes sobre a Redução de Danos junto a Travestis
Authors: Brancaleoni Ana Paula Leivar , Amorim Sylvia Maria Godoy , Oliveira Rosemary Rodrigues de
Published: November 2018

Vivemos em uma sociedade heteronormativa, que define os padrões de normalidade para a vivência da sexualidade e relações estabelecidas com os corpos. Aqueles que rompem com os padrões vigentes são rotulados e discriminados, entre essas pessoas estão as travestis. Estas promovem procedimentos para adequar seu corpo à expressão desejada, como a ingestão de hormônios e aplicação de silicone industrial. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo construir compreensões sobre as relações estabelecidas entre travestis do interior de SP e agentes de um programa de Redução de Danos. Utiliza-se uma abordagem de cunho cartográfico, através da qual se busca discutir como nos encontros com travestis e Redutores foram sendo construídas tessituras de entendimento de suas experiências, mas também produzindo pequenos esgarçamentos do tecido instituído da heteronormatividade e exclusão, promovendo referências de autocuidado.
Questões de gênero e sexualidade: implicações na docência
Authors: Oliveira Carlos André Nogueira , Adi Ashjan Sadique
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo foi elaborado de acordo com os preceitos de um estudo exploratório de revisão de literatura. O artigo apresenta como objetivos investigar a epistemologia dos conceitos de gênero e sexualidade, a relevância da discussão destes temas no ambiente escolar e acadêmico, assim como a problemática da discriminação. Pode verificar-se que, no prisma científico, existem diferenças entre os termos sexo, gênero e orientação sexual e que estes não se influenciam diretamente. Simultaneamente, percebeu-se a existência da necessidade de trabalhar gênero nas escolas e faculdades de forma adaptada às faixas etárias, com o intuito de tornar o sistema educativo mais inclusivo e pautado pelo respeito, dignidade, proteção contra as violências e equidade para todos/as.
O Desejo da Metrópole: gênero, sexualidade e mídias digitais em espaços urbanos brasileiros
Authors: Facioli Lara , Padilha Felipe
Published: November 2018

O artigo aborda as relações entre o acesso às mídias digitais em meio às dinâmicas de gênero e sexualidade nas cidades contemporânea. O material empírico é extraído de duas pesquisas etnográficas que se situam em regiões distintas do país, uma realizada por Autor 2 (2015) em cidades do interior de São Paulo, com homens que fazem uso de aplicativos para smartphones, que oferecem serviços comerciais de busca de parceiros com base em georreferenciamento; a outra, realizada por Autor 1 (2017) toma os espaços da Baixada Fluminense e da Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro, com foco nos usos das mídias digitais por mulheres das classes populares. Nosso argumento considera que a relação entre pessoas e tecnologia molda a forma como o espaço urbano é ocupado, bem como o trânsito dos sujeitos.
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Entre o temor e a resistência: o demônio da boneca e o “viadinho” abusado
Authors: Braga Laíra Assunção , Machado Thiago Pereira , Oliveira Luciano
Published: November 2018

A escola solicitada como o lugar da educação, como apelo e aposta em políticas públicas, conta para a multiplicidade dos corpos que pretende reunir?  Como podemos pensar em práticas educativas e escolares que caminhem no sentido de fazer questão aos modos hegemônicos de viver corpo e sexualidade? A aposta desse texto é produzir, a partir de duas narrativas, um comum sobre encontros de corpos que habitam cotidianamente as escolas e escapam da expectativa heteronormativa e machista. É um texto que, como as narrativas, não se encerra em si, mas se constitui como um atrevimento de falar com os que deslocam lugares sedimentados e com isso, participar da luta por práticas educativas e escolares que construa, mais do que respeito, crítica e tensionamento das hegemonias que demonizam e hierarquizam vidas.
Pinóquio e a jornada para tornar-se humano: contos que persistem
Authors: Ferreira Marcelo Santana , Cassal Luan Carpes Barros , Pamplona Marina Harter
Published: November 2018

Era uma vez um pedaço de madeira. O presente texto vale-se da história de Pinóquio, originalmente escrita pelo italiano Carlo Collodi em 1881, para colocar em análise a constituição da infância moderna. Os indóceis corpos de crianças passam por uma jornada de humanização na família nuclear e no estabelecimento escolar, no qual devem atender às regras morais, com o objetivo de serem cidadãos trabalhadores e produtivos no futuro. As peripécias de um boneco de madeira em sua jornada para ser um menino – dito de verdade – apresentam a fragilidade das instituições que teimam em lhe exigir um comportamento normatizado. No final, o objetivo é alcançado, mas o boneco de madeira ainda está lá; ele ri da história linear dos vencedores, questiona as regras do teatro e da escrita, afirma o exercício político de narrar, tensionando os sentidos do que é ser um menino, ser verdadeiro, e ser humano. Em diálogo com a filosofia e a literatura, Pinóquio dirige-nos à ousadia de conversarmos com vidas e existências interrompidas, destruídas e indesejadas, imaginadas por nós, que não as entendemos como improváveis. Aos regimes que querem silenciar, tentemos dizer: era uma vez, e outra, e mais outra.
“Ele queria ser a Cinderela”: Construções queer à leitura das masculinidades no Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Silva Junior Paulo Melgaço da , Caetano Marcio , Goulart Treyce Ellen Silva
Published: November 2018

Este artigo se propõe refletir e discutir as masculinidades como enunciações performáticas e suas interações nas dinâmicas escolares. Para tanto, buscamos nas narrativas sobre a escola os modos como as normas da masculinidade hegemônica foram ressignificadas e vividas neste espaço. Por meio da observação participante, entrevistas narrativas e diário de campo foram produzidos os dados com uma escola pública em Duque de Caxias/RJ. Com o estudo observamos que na Educação Infantil e no primeiro segmento do Ensino Fundamental é possível subverter as normas e construir masculinidades queer sem que sejam consideradas subalternas ou que haja hierarquização entre elas.
Um contrato de heterossexualidade: a quem serve?
Authors: Costa Priscila
Published: November 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo propiciar uma reflexão acerca de conceitos naturalizados, como o de heterossexualidade, família, sexo e gênero. Pretende, também, traçar um paralelo entre a matriz da heterossexualidade e o conceito de Contrato Social de Rousseau, analisando as formas pelas quais esta matriz é reiterada a todo momento, de maneira que se torna naturalizada e condição indispensável para viver. Ademais, visa enfatizar a importância da Educação neste processo reiterativo – seja a partir da família de origem, escola ou mídia – e pontuar e analisar meios de desconstrução dos binarismos que mantêm a lógica heterossexual, ao mesmo tempo em que a produzem. É através da Educação que se pode promover o pensamento crítico, permitindo aos sujeitos o questionamento destas normas. Em um mundo pós-moderno, pós-estruturalista, de identidades fluidas, a rigidez com a qual a sexualidade é encarada engessa os mecanismos que possibilitariam o trânsito livre dos sujeitos, o trânsito de sujeitos livres.
Inserção da análise do comportamento na educação: o estado do conhecimento de teses e dissertações produzidas entre 2010 e 2015
Authors: Nóbrega Fernando , Gurgel Paulo
Published: November 2018

No contexto educacional formal, a Análise do Comportamento estuda as relações que ocorrem entre sujeitos dentro das salas de aula. Prática pedagógica, ou ensinar, é definida como planejar situações que favoreçam a aprendizagem dos alunos. O presente trabalho é uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo estado do conhecimento. O objetivo é verificar em teses e dissertações produzidas entre 2010 e 2015 como conceitos da Análise do Comportamento foram aplicados em contextos educacionais A coleta de dados foi feita no Portal Brasileiro de Publicações Científicas em Acesso Aberto, a partir das seguintes palavras-chaves: I) Análise do Comportamento; II) Behaviorismo Radical; III) B. F. Skinner; IV) Educação Infantil; V) Ensino Fundamental; VI) Ensino Médio; VII) Ensino Superior; VIII) Educação de Jovens e Adultos; IX) Educação Profissional e Tecnológica; X) Educação Indígena; XI) Educação Especial; XII) Educação do Campo; e XIII) Educação Ambiental. As palavras-chaves foram divididas em dois grupos: a) Análise do Comportamento (I, II e III) e b) níveis e modalidades de ensino (de IV a XIII). Cada item do primeiro grupo foi combinado com cada item do segundo grupo. As buscas encontraram 35 trabalhos (15 teses e 20 dissertações), dos quais 77,14% são oriundos da região Sudeste. PUC-SP e UFSCar produziram 51,43% dos trabalhos selecionados. Em relação às práticas pedagógicas, o conceito mais frequente foi matching to sample, que apareceu em 18 destes. Em relação aos níveis de ensino, o ensino fundamental obteve a maior concentração de trabalhos: 34,29%. Sobre as modalidades de ensino, somente a Educação Especial foi citada.
Uma análise dos recursos disponíveis nas Sala de Recursos Multifuncionais: foco nos estudantes com deficiência intelectual
Authors: Omodei Juliana Dalbem , Rinaldi Renata Portela , Schlünzen Elisa Tomoe Moriya
Published: November 2018

O Programa de Implantação de Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais (SRM) é orientado pela Política Pública para a Educação Especial na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva e uma das iniciativas do Ministério da Educação (MEC) para o processo de inclusão dos Estudantes Público-Alvo da Educação Especial (EPAEE). Consideramos essencial a compreensão do uso desses recursos e, para isso, objetivamos analisá-los à luz de um trabalho pedagógico de apoio aos estudantes com Deficiência Intelectual (DI), por meio de um processo de intervenção. A metodologia adotada baseia-se na abordagem qualitativa, do tipo intervenção, com a participação de sete estudantes com DI, a pesquisadora e uma professora voluntária. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados pautaram-se na catalogação dos recursos, planejamento e desenvolvimento do programa de intervenção. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: protocolo pedagógico dos recursos, protocolo de registro de atividades e diários de campo. A análise dos dados foi orientada pela análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciaram a importância da adequação dos recursos à idade desses estudantes, considerando sua idade cronológica; a organização da SRM por nível de ensino, e também a insuficiência de recursos para um trabalho pedagógico aos estudantes com DI do ensino fundamental II e médio.
Discursos sobre o sistema de cotas para afrodescendentes na formação da opinião e vontade política: o mito da deliberação “racional”
Authors: Gonzalez Maria Vitória Espiñeira , Dias Ruy Aguiar
Published: November 2018

Estudo realizado com a aplicação de um questionário em escolas de segundo grau da rede privada e pública, na Universidade Federal da Bahia e na Universidade do Estado da Bahia, abrangendo uma amostra de aproximadamente 1390 estudantes com objetivo de perceber os argumentos envolvidos no processo deliberativo no espaço público, tendo como tema a questão do sistema de cotas para afro-descendentes. Os resultados sugerem que a idéia de um “debate racional” não se sustenta e que o processo deliberativo está limitado aos conjuntos particulares de valores e as diferentes perspectivas dos diferentes grupos étnicos, de classes sociais que compõem o conjunto de públicos pesquisados. A leitura dos dados confirma que a atitude para com o sistema de cotas varia significativamente conforme a classe social e o grupo étnico a que pertencem os pesquisados sugerindo conotações de natureza nitidamente ideológicas.
Algumas categorias para análise dos sonhos no candomblé
Authors: Leite Luiz Felipe De Queiroga Aguiar
Published: November 2018

Este artigo é uma adaptação de parte da dissertação de mestrado intitulada Um estudo sobre os sonhos no candomblé, desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal da Bahia e finalizada no ano de 2008. Partindo da pesquisa de campo e tendo como base teórica a Nova antropologia onírica propõe-se algumas categorias facilitadoras da apreciação dos sonhos no candomblé: os sonhos “verdadeiros” e os sonhos “falsos”; a interpretação dos sonhos e o sua relação com oráculo; os sonhos iniciáticos: sonhos do iyawô; os sonhos e os ebós; os sonhadores mensageiros e a representação dos orixás nos sonhos.