bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence in Decrypting Cytoprotective Activity under Oxidative Stress from Molecular Structure
Authors: Nowak Damian , Babijczuk Karolina , Jaya La Ode Irman , Bachorz Rafał Adam , Mrówczyńska Lucyna , Jasiewicz Beata , Hoffmann Marcin
Published: July 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely explored nowadays, and it gives opportunities to enhance classical approaches in QSAR studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytoprotective activity parameter under oxidative stress conditions for indole-based structures, with the ultimate goal of developing AI models capable of predicting cytoprotective activity and generating novel indole-based compounds. We propose a new AI system capable of suggesting new chemical structures based on some known cytoprotective activity. Cytoprotective activity prediction models, employing algorithms such as random forest, decision tree, support vector machines, K-nearest neighbors, and multiple linear regression, were built, and the best (based on quality measurements) was used to make predictions. Finally, the experimental evaluation of the computational results was undertaken in vitro. The proposed methodology resulted in the creation of a library of new indole-based compounds with assigned cytoprotective activity. The other outcome of this study was the development of a validated predictive model capable of estimating cytoprotective activity to a certain extent using molecular structure as input, supported by experimental confirmation.
Experimental Liver Cirrhosis Inhibits Restenosis after Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Mechelinck Mare , Hein Marc , Kupp Carolin , Braunschweig Till , Helmedag Marius J. , Klinkenberg Axel , Habigt Moriz A. , Klinge Uwe , Tolba René H. , Uhlig Moritz
Published: July 2023

The effect of liver cirrhosis on vascular remodeling in vivo remains unknown. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of cholestatic liver cirrhosis on carotid arterial remodeling. A total of 79 male Sprague Dawley rats underwent bile duct ligation (cirrhotic group) or sham surgery (control group) and 28 days later left carotid artery balloon dilatation; 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after balloon dilatation, the rats were euthanized and carotid arteries were harvested. Histological sections were planimetrized, cell counts determined, and systemic inflammatory parameters measured. Up to day 14 after balloon dilatation, both groups showed a comparable increase in neointima area and degree of stenosis. By day 28, however, both values were significantly lower in the cirrhotic group (% stenosis: 20 ± 8 vs. 42 ± 10, p = 0.010; neointimal area [mm2]: 0.064 ± 0.025 vs. 0.138 ± 0.025, p = 0.024). Simultaneously, cell density in the neointima (p = 0.034) and inflammatory parameters were significantly higher in cirrhotic rats. This study demonstrates that cholestatic liver cirrhosis in rats substantially increases neointimal cell consolidation between days 14 and 28. Thereby, consolidation proved important for the degree of stenosis. This may suggest that patients with cholestatic cirrhosis are at lower risk for restenosis after coronary intervention.
Resistance Is Not Futile: Widespread Convergent Evolution of Resistance to Alpha-Neurotoxic Snake Venoms in Caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)
Authors: Mancuso Marco , Zaman Shabnam , Maddock Simon T. , Kamei Rachunliu G. , Salazar-Valenzuela David , Wilkinson Mark , Roelants Kim , Fry Bryan G.
Published: July 2023

Predatory innovations impose reciprocal selection pressures upon prey. The evolution of snake venom alpha-neurotoxins has triggered the corresponding evolution of resistance in the post-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of prey in a complex chemical arms race. All other things being equal, animals like caecilians (an Order of legless amphibians) are quite vulnerable to predation by fossorial elapid snakes and their powerful alpha-neurotoxic venoms; thus, they are under strong selective pressure. Here, we sequenced the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha-1 subunit of 37 caecilian species, representing all currently known families of caecilians from across the Americas, Africa, and Asia, including species endemic to the Seychelles. Three types of resistance were identified: (1) steric hindrance from N-glycosylated asparagines; (2) secondary structural changes due to the replacement of proline by another amino acid; and (3) electrostatic charge repulsion of the positively charged neurotoxins, through the introduction of a positively charged amino acid into the toxin-binding site. We demonstrated that resistance to alpha-neurotoxins convergently evolved at least fifteen times across the caecilian tree (three times in Africa, seven times in the Americas, and five times in Asia). Additionally, as several species were shown to possess multiple resistance modifications acting synergistically, caecilians must have undergone at least 20 separate events involving the origin of toxin resistance. On the other hand, resistance in non-caecilian amphibians was found to be limited to five origins. Together, the mutations underlying resistance in caecilians constitute a robust signature of positive selection which strongly correlates with elapid presence through both space (sympatry with caecilian-eating elapids) and time (Cenozoic radiation of elapids). Our study demonstrates the extent of convergent evolution that can be expected when a single widespread predatory adaptation triggers parallel evolutionary arms races at a global scale.
Circulating miRNAs as a Tool for Early Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer—Implications for the Fertility-Sparing Process: Clinical, Biological, and Legal Aspects
Authors: Piergentili Roberto , Gullo Giuseppe , Basile Giuseppe , Gulia Caterina , Porrello Alessandro , Cucinella Gaspare , Marinelli Enrico , Zaami Simona
Published: July 2023

This review article explores the possibility of developing an integrated approach to the management of the different needs of endometrial cancer (EC) patients seeking to become pregnant. Life preservation of the woman, health preservation of the baby, a precocious and—as much as possible—minimally invasive characterization of the health and fertility parameters of the patient, together with the concerns regarding the obstetric, neonatal, and adult health risks of the children conceived via assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are all essential aspects of the problem to be taken into consideration, yet the possibility to harmonize such needs through a concerted and integrated approach is still very challenging. This review aims to illustrate the main features of EC and how it affects the normal physiology of pre-menopausal women. We also focus on the prospect of a miR-based, molecular evaluation of patient health status, including both EC early diagnosis and staging and, similarly, the receptivity of the woman, discussing the possible evaluation of both aspects using a single specific panel of circulating miRs in the patient, thus allowing a relatively fast, non-invasive testing with a significantly reduced margin of error. Finally, the ethical and legal/regulatory aspects of such innovative techniques require not only a risk-benefit analysis; respect for patient autonomy and equitable health care access allocation are fundamental issues as well.
Short Peptides of Innate Immunity Protein Tag7 (PGLYRP1) Selectively Induce Inhibition or Activation of Tumor Cell Death via TNF Receptor
Authors: Yurkina Daria M. , Sharapova Tatiana N. , Romanova Elena A. , Yashin Denis V. , Sashchenko Lidia P.
Published: July 2023

In this study, we have found two peptides of Tag7 (PGLYRP1) protein-17.1A (HRDVQRT) and 17.1B (RSNYVLKG), that have different affinities to the TNFR1 receptor and the Hsp70 protein. Peptide 17.1A is able to inhibit signal transduction through the TNFR1 receptor, and peptide 17.1B can activate this receptor in a complex with Hsp70. Thus, it is possible to modulate the activity of the TNFR1 receptor and further perform its specific inhibition or activation in the treatment of various autoimmune or oncological diseases.
Transcriptional Readthrough Interrupts Boundary Function in Drosophila
Authors: Kyrchanova Olga , Sokolov Vladimir , Tikhonov Maxim , Manukyan Galya , Schedl Paul , Georgiev Pavel
Published: July 2023

In higher eukaryotes, distance enhancer-promoter interactions are organized by topologically associated domains, tethering elements, and chromatin insulators/boundaries. While insulators/boundaries play a central role in chromosome organization, the mechanisms regulating their functions are largely unknown. In the studies reported here, we have taken advantage of the well-characterized Drosophila bithorax complex (BX-C) to study one potential mechanism for controlling boundary function. The regulatory domains of BX-C are flanked by boundaries, which block crosstalk with their neighboring domains and also support long-distance interactions between the regulatory domains and their target gene. As many lncRNAs have been found in BX-C, we asked whether readthrough transcription (RT) can impact boundary function. For this purpose, we took advantage of two BX-C boundary replacement platforms, Fab-7attP50 and F2attP, in which the Fab-7 and Fub boundaries, respectively, are deleted and replaced with an attP site. We introduced boundary elements, promoters, and polyadenylation signals arranged in different combinations and then assayed for boundary function. Our results show that RT can interfere with boundary activity. Since lncRNAs represent a significant fraction of Pol II transcripts in multicellular eukaryotes, it is therefore possible that RT may be a widely used mechanism to alter boundary function and regulation of gene expression.
Peculiar Properties of Template-Assisted Aniline Polymerization in a Buffer Solution Using Laccase and a Laccase–Mediator System as Compared with Chemical Polymerization
Authors: Morozova Olga , Vasil’eva Irina , Shumakovich Galina , Zaitseva Elena , Yaropolov Alexander
Published: July 2023

The conventional chemical polymerization of aniline has been described in multiple publications, while enzymatic polymerization has been poorly explored. A comparative study of the template-assisted enzymatic and chemical polymerization of aniline in a buffer solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate micelles was performed for the first time. The high-redox potential laccase from the fungus Trametes hirsuta was used as a catalyst and air oxygen served as an oxidant. Potentiometric and spectral methods have shown that oligomeric/polymeric products of the enzymatic polymerization of aniline are synthesized in the conducting emeraldine salt form immediately after the reaction is initiated by the enzyme. The use of the laccase–mediator system enabled a higher rate of enzymatic polymerization and a higher yield of final products. Potassium octocyanomolybdate (IV) served as a redox mediator. The products of the enzymatic polymerization of aniline were studied by the ATR-FTIR, MALDI-TOF and atomic force microscopy methods. The chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline under the same conditions resulted in forming a non-conducting dark brown product.
Potential Effects of Regulating Intestinal Flora on Immunotherapy for Liver Cancer
Authors: Yan Xiangdong , Bai Liuhui , Qi Ping , Lv Jin , Song Xiaojing , Zhang Lei
Published: July 2023

The intestinal flora plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liver cancer, affecting the efficacy and side effects of conventional antitumor therapy. Recently, immunotherapy for liver cancer has been a palliative treatment for patients with advanced liver cancer lacking surgical indications. Representative drugs include immune checkpoint inhibitors, regulators, tumor vaccines, and cellular immunotherapies. The effects of immunotherapy on liver cancer vary because of the heterogeneity of the tumors. Intestinal flora can affect the efficacy and side effects of immunotherapy for liver cancer by regulating host immunity. Therefore, applying probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and fecal transplantation to interfere with the intestinal flora is expected to become an important means of assisting immunotherapy for liver cancer. This article reviews publications that discuss the relationship between intestinal flora and immunotherapy for liver cancer and further clarifies the potential relationship between intestinal flora and immunotherapy for liver cancer.
Trademark Similarity Evaluation Using a Combination of ViT and Local Features
Authors: Vesnin Dmitry , Levshun Dmitry , Chechulin Andrey
Published: July 2023

The origin of the trademark similarity analysis problem lies within the legal area, specifically the protection of intellectual property. One of the possible technical solutions for this issue is the trademark similarity evaluation pipeline based on the content-based image retrieval approach. CNN-based off-the-shelf features have shown themselves as a good baseline for trademark retrieval. However, in recent years, the computer vision area has been transitioning from CNNs to a new architecture, namely, Vision Transformer. In this paper, we investigate the performance of off-the-shelf features extracted with vision transformers and explore the effects of pre-, post-processing, and pre-training on big datasets. We propose the enhancement of the trademark similarity evaluation pipeline by joint usage of global and local features, which leverages the best aspects of both approaches. Experimental results on the METU Trademark Dataset show that off-the-shelf features extracted with ViT-based models outperform off-the-shelf features from CNN-based models. The proposed method achieves a mAP value of 31.23, surpassing previous state-of-the-art results. We assume that the usage of an enhanced trademark similarity evaluation pipeline allows for the improvement of the protection of intellectual property with the help of artificial intelligence methods. Moreover, this approach enables one to identify cases of unfair use of such data and form an evidence base for litigation.
Characterisation of Antennal Sensilla and Electroantennography Responses of the Dung Beetles Bubas bison, Onitis aygulus and Geotrupes spiniger (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) to Dung Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Perera Nisansala N. , Barrow Russell A. , Weston Paul A. , Rolland Vivien , Hands Philip , Gurusinghe Saliya , Weston Leslie A. , Gurr Geoff M.
Published: July 2023

Locating sporadically distributed food resources and mate finding are strongly aided by volatile cues for most insects, including dung beetles. However, there is limited information on the olfactory ecology of dung beetles. We conducted a scanning electron microscopy study on the morphology and distribution of the antennal sensilla of three introduced dung beetle species in Australia: Geotrupes spiniger (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae), Bubas bison and Onitis aygulus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Three main morphological types of antennal sensilla were identified: sensilla trichodea (ST), sensilla basiconica (SB) and sensilla chaetica (SCh). Distinct variations of SB distribution were observed in B. bison and G. spiniger and on different lamellar surfaces in both sexes of all three species. Sexual dimorphism in antennal sensilla distribution or their abundance was not evident. To complement the morphological characterisation of sensilla, electroantennography (EAG) was carried out to construct EAG response profiles of the three species to selected dung volatiles. An initial study revealed that antennae of all species were sensitive to a mix of phenol, skatole, indole, p-cresol, butanone and butyric acid, common components of livestock dung headspace. In addition to these six compounds, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, eucalyptol and toluene were tested for antennal activity. All compounds evoked measurable EAG responses, confirming antennal sensitivity. Geotrupes spiniger exhibited significant responses to all the compounds compared to the control, whereas B. bison and O. aygulus only responded to a subset of compounds. A comparison of relative EAG amplitudes revealed highly significant responses to p-cresol in G. spiniger and to skatole in B. bison. Geotrupes spiniger displayed differential responses to all the compounds. Pooled EAG data suggest highly significant differences in responses among the three species and among compounds. Our findings suggest that a blend of volatiles may offer potential for the trapping of dung beetles, thereby avoiding the use of dung baits that are inconvenient, inconsistent and may pose a threat to farm biosecurity.
Optimization of Dieldrin Selection for the Genetic Sexing of Aedes albopictus
Authors: Scussel Sarah , Gaudillat Benjamin , Esnault Jérémy , Lejarre Quentin , Duployer Marianne , Messaoudi Daouia , Mavingui Patrick , Tortosa Pablo , Cattel Julien
Published: July 2023

The mass production of mosquitoes at an industrial scale requires efficient sex separation, which can be achieved through mechanical, genetic or artificial intelligence means. Compared with other methods, the genetic sexing approach offers the advantage of limiting costs and space by removing females at the larval stage. We recently developed a Genetic Sexing Strain (GSS) in Aedes albopictus based on the sex linkage of the rdlR allele, conferring resistance to dieldrin, to the male (M) locus. It has been previously reported that dieldrin ingested by larvae can be detected in adults and bioaccumulated in predators, raising the question of its use at a large scale. In this context, we performed several experiments aiming at optimizing dieldrin selection by decreasing both dieldrin concentration and exposure time while maintaining a stable percentage of contaminating females averaging 1%. We showed that the previously used dieldrin exposure induced an important toxicity as it killed 60% of resistant males at the larval stage. We lowered this toxicity by reducing the dose and/or the exposure time to recover nearly all resistant males. We then quantified the residues of dieldrin in resistant male adults and showed that dieldrin toxicity in larvae was positively correlated with dieldrin concentrations detected in adults. Interestingly, we showed that the use of reduced dieldrin exposure led to a dieldrin quantification in adult males that was below the quantity threshold of the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry detection method. Presented data show that dieldrin exposure can be adjusted to suppress toxicity in males while achieving efficient sexing and lowering the levels of dieldrin residues in adults to barely quantifiable levels.
Non-Specific Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidases 8/9 by Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors Negatively Affects Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Torrecillas-Baena Bárbara , Camacho-Cardenosa Marta , Quesada-Gómez José Manuel , Moreno-Moreno Paloma , Dorado Gabriel , Gálvez-Moreno María Ángeles , Casado-Díaz Antonio
Published: July 2023

DPP4 may play a relevant role in MSC differentiation into osteoblasts or adipocytes. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors (DPP4i), such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, are used as antidiabetic drugs. However, vildagliptin is not a specific DPP4i and also inhibits DPP8/9, which is involved in energy metabolism and immune regulation. The aim of this study is to evaluate how sitagliptin, vildagliptin or 1G244 (a DPP8/9 specific inhibitor) may influence cell viability, as well as osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Viability, apoptosis, osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis markers, as well as protein synthesis of β-catenin, were studied in MSC cultures induced to differentiate into osteoblasts or adipocytes in the presence or absence of sitagliptin, vildagliptin or 1G244. The two tested DPP4i did not affect MSC viability, but 1G244 significantly decreased it in MSC and osteoblast-induced cells. Additionally, 1G244 and vildagliptin inhibited osteogenesis and adipogenesis, unlike sitagliptin. Therefore, inhibition of DPP4 did not affect MSC viability and differentiation, whereas inhibition of DPP8/9 negatively affected MSC. To the best of our knowledge, these results show for the first time that DPP8/9 have an important role in the viability and differentiation of human MSC. This data can be considered for human clinical use of drugs affecting DPP8/9 activity.
A Real-World Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study on Polish Experience with Nintedanib Therapy in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: The PolExNIB Study
Authors: Majewski Sebastian , Białas Adam J. , Barczyk Adam , Batura-Gabryel Halina , Buchczyk Małgorzata , Doboszyńska Anna , Górska Katarzyna , Grabowska-Skudlarz Luiza , Jagielska-Len Hanna , Jarzemska Agnieszka , Jassem Ewa , Jastrzębski Dariusz , Kania Aleksander , Koprowski Marek , Krawczyk Michał , Krenke Rafał , Lewandowska Katarzyna , Mackiewicz Barbara , Martusewicz-Boros Magdalena M. , Milanowski Janusz , Noceń-Piskorowska Małgorzata , Nowicka Agata , Roszkowski-Śliż Kazimierz , Siemińska Alicja , Sładek Krzysztof , Sobiecka Małgorzata , Stachura Tomasz , Tomczak Małgorzata , Tomkowski Witold , Trzaska-Sobczak Marzena , Ziora Dariusz , Żołnowska Beata , Piotrowski Wojciech J.
Published: July 2023

Nintedanib is a disease-modifying agent licensed for the treatment of IPF. Data on Polish experience with nintedanib in IPF are lacking. The present study aimed to describe the safety and efficacy profiles of nintedanib in a large real-world cohort of Polish patients with IPF. This was a multicenter, retrospective, observational study of IPF patients treated with nintedanib between March 2018 and October 2021. Data collection included baseline clinical characteristics, results of pulmonary function tests (PFTs), and a six-minute walk test (6MWT). Longitudinal data on PFTs, 6MWT, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), and treatment persistence were also retrieved. A total of 501 patients (70% male) with a median age of 70.9 years (IQR 65–75.7) were included in this study. Patients were followed on treatment for a median of 15 months (7–25.5). The majority of patients (66.7%) were treated with the full recommended dose of nintedanib and 33.3% of patients were treated with a reduced dose of a drug. Intermittent dose reductions or drug interruptions were needed in 20% of patients. Over up to 3 years of follow-up, pulmonary function remained largely stable with the minority experiencing disease progression. The most frequent ADRs included diarrhea (45.3%), decreased appetite (29.9%), abdominal discomfort (29.5%), weight loss (32.1%), nausea (20.8%), fatigue (19.2%), increased liver aminotransferases (15.4%), and vomiting (8.2%). A total of 203 patients (40.5%) discontinued nintedanib treatment due to diverse reasons including ADRs (10.2%), death (11.6%), disease progression (4.6%), patient’s request (6.6%), and neoplastic disease (2.2%). This real-world study of a large cohort of Polish patients with IPF demonstrates that nintedanib therapy is safe, and is associated with acceptable tolerance and disease stabilization. These data support the findings of previously conducted clinical trials and observational studies on the safety and efficacy profiles of nintedanib in IPF.
The Impact of Respiratory Symptoms on the Risk of Serious Bacterial Infection in Febrile Infants < 60 Days Old
Authors: Masarweh Kamal , Bentur Lea , Bar-Yoseph Ronen , Kassis Imad , Dabaja-Younis Halima , Gur Michal
Published: July 2023

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the impact of respiratory symptoms and positive viral testing on the risk of serious bacterial infections (SBIs). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted that included infants (0–60 days) presenting with a fever between 2001 and 2022 at a tertiary hospital in northern Israel. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were collected, and risk factors for SBIs were analyzed. Results: Data from a total of 3106 infants, including data from blood, urine, and CSF cultures, were obtained in 96.6%, 89%, and 29% of cases, respectively. A fever without respiratory symptoms (fever only) was present in 1312 infants, while 1794 had a fever and respiratory symptoms—427 were positive for a respiratory virus (virus+), 759 tested negative (virus−), and 608 were not tested. The SBI rate was 5.1% vs. 7.5% in the fever-and-respiratory group vs. the fever-only group (p = 0.004, OR = 0.65 (95% CI = 0.49–0.88)) and 2.8% vs. 7% in the virus+ vs. virus− group (p = 0.002, OR = 0.385, (95% CI = 0.203–0.728)). The male gender, an age < 1 month, leukocytosis > 15 × 109/L, or a CRP > 2 mg/dL increased the risk of SBIs. Respiratory symptoms or a confirmed viral infection reduced the risk of SBIs in the presence of the above risk factors. Conclusions: Respiratory symptoms and a positive viral test decreased the risk of SBIs. Combining rapid viral testing with clinical variables may identify low-risk infants. Despite the relatively low risk of SBIs in individuals with viral infections, conducting prospective studies remains essential for accurately predicting the occurrence of these potentially life-threatening infections.
Determinants of Severe Nocturnal Hypoxemia in Adults with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders
Authors: Çınar Caner , Yıldızeli Şehnaz Olgun , Balcan Baran , Yıldızeli Bedrettin , Mutlu Bülent , Peker Yüksel
Published: July 2023

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the occurrence of sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and addressed the effect of pulmonary hemodynamics and SRBD indices on the severity of nocturnal hypoxemia (NH). Methods: An overnight polysomnography (PSG) was conducted in patients with CTEPH, who were eligible for pulmonary endarterectomy. Pulmonary hemodynamics (mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) measured with right heart catheterization (RHC)), PSG variables (apnea–hypopnea index (AHI)), lung function and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) values, as well as demographics and comorbidities were entered into a logistic regression model to address the determinants of severe NH (nocturnal oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) < 90% under >20% of total sleep time (TST)). SRBDs were defined as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; as an AHI ≥ 15 events/h), central sleep apnea with Cheyne–Stokes respiration (CSA–CSR; CSR pattern ≥ 50% of TST), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), and isolated sleep-related hypoxemia (ISRH; SpO2 < 88% under >5 min without OSA, CSA, or OHS). Results: In all, 50 consecutive patients (34 men and 16 women; mean age 54.0 (SD 15.1) years) were included. The average mPAP was 43.8 (SD 16.8) mmHg. SRBD was observed in 40 (80%) patients, of whom 27 had OSA, 2 CSA–CSR, and 11 ISRH. None had OHS. Severe NH was observed in 31 (62%) patients. Among the variables tested, age (odds ratio (OR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.15; p = 0.031), mPAP (OR 1.11 [95% CI 1.02–1.12; p = 0.012]), and AHI (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.02–1.35; p = 0.031]) were independent determinants of severe NH. Conclusions: Severe NH is highly prevalent in patients with CTEPH. Early screening for SRBDs and intervention with nocturnal supplemental oxygen and/or positive airway pressure as well as pulmonary endarterectomy may reduce adverse outcomes in patients with CTEPH.
Advances in Clinical Voice Quality Analysis with VOXplot
Authors: Barsties v. Latoszek Ben , Mayer Jörg , Watts Christopher R. , Lehnert Bernhard
Published: July 2023

Background: The assessment of voice quality can be evaluated perceptually with standard clinical practice, also including acoustic evaluation of digital voice recordings to validate and further interpret perceptual judgments. The goal of the present study was to determine the strongest acoustic voice quality parameters for perceived hoarseness and breathiness when analyzing the sustained vowel [a:] using a new clinical acoustic tool, the VOXplot software. Methods: A total of 218 voice samples of individuals with and without voice disorders were applied to perceptual and acoustic analyses. Overall, 13 single acoustic parameters were included to determine validity aspects in relation to perceptions of hoarseness and breathiness. Results: Four single acoustic measures could be clearly associated with perceptions of hoarseness or breathiness. For hoarseness, the harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) and pitch perturbation quotient with a smoothing factor of five periods (PPQ5), and, for breathiness, the smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) and the glottal-to-noise excitation ratio (GNE) were shown to be highly valid, with a significant difference being demonstrated for each of the other perceptual voice quality aspects. Conclusions: Two acoustic measures, the HNR and the PPQ5, were both strongly associated with perceptions of hoarseness and were able to discriminate hoarseness from breathiness with good confidence. Two other acoustic measures, the CPPS and the GNE, were both strongly associated with perceptions of breathiness and were able to discriminate breathiness from hoarseness with good confidence.
Exploring the Association between Personality Traits, Symptom Burden, and Return to Work after Mild-to-Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Madsen Benedikte Å. , Fure Silje C. R. , Andelic Nada , Løke Daniel , Løvstad Marianne , Røe Cecilie , Howe Emilie Isager
Published: July 2023

Approximately 30% of individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) experience persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS). Personality factors have been linked to PPCS, yet, the association between personality traits and outcomes after mTBI is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between personality traits, PPCS, and return to work (RTW) in patients with mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Data from eighty-seven participants with mild-to-moderate TBI were analyzed. Sociodemographic, injury, and work characteristics and depressive symptoms were recorded 2–3 months post-injury. Personality traits were measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3. PPCS and RTW were assessed 15 months post-injury. Multiple linear regression models were performed. The factors associated with more severe PPCS were female sex, higher levels of neuroticism, openness to experience and conscientiousness, extra-cranial injuries, and depressive symptoms. The factors associated with lower RTW were female sex, higher levels of neuroticism, and conscientiousness. However, after controlling for PPCS, personality traits were no longer significantly associated with RTW. In conclusion, specific personality traits were associated with more severe PPCS and may be indirectly associated with RTW via PPCS. Hence, personality traits may be important to assess to identify patients at risk of less favorable outcomes after mild-to-moderate TBI.
Unveiling the Potential of Rice Straw Nanofiber-Reinforced HDPE for Biomedical Applications: Investigating Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics
Authors: Taha Mohamed , Fouly Ahmed , Abdo Hany S. , Alnaser Ibrahim A. , Abouzeid Ragab , Nabhan Ahmed
Published: July 2023

The efficient utilization of rice waste has the potential to significantly contribute to environmental sustainability by minimizing the waste impact on the environment. Through repurposing such waste, novel materials can be developed for various biomedical applications. This approach not only mitigates waste, but it also promotes the adoption of sustainable materials within the industry. In this research, rice-straw-derived nanofibers (RSNFs) were utilized as a reinforcement material for high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The rice-straw-derived nanofibers were incorporated at different concentrations (1, 2, 3, and 4 wt.%) into the HDPE. The composites were fabricated using twin-screw extrusion (to ensure homogenous distribution) and the injection-molding process (to crease the test samples). Then, the mechanical strengths and frictional performances of the bio-composites were assessed. Different characterization techniques were utilized to investigate the morphology of the RSNFs. Thermal analyses (TGA/DTG/DSC), the contact angle, and XRD were utilized to study the performances of the HDPE/RSNF composites. The study findings demonstrated that the addition of RSNFs as a reinforcement to the HDPE improved the hydrophilicity, strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the proposed bio-composites.
Special Issue “Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Pulmonary Fungal Infections”
Authors: Lynch Joseph P. , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P.
Published: July 2023

The Guest Editors Dr [...]
Evaluation of the Quality of Life of Patients with Myasthenia Gravis in Greece
Authors: Aggelina Afrodite , Karampli Eleftheria , Mavrovounis Georgios , Boutsikos Ioannis , Pantazopoulos Ioannis , Kakavas Sotirios , Pavi Elpida , Athanasakis Kostas
Published: July 2023

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) patients often report an affected quality of life (QoL). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the QoL of patients with MG in Greece using a specific tool. A cross-sectional online survey was performed. Adult patients were invited to participate. A questionnaire incorporating the MG-QOL15r scale was distributed, following its translation and cultural adaptation into Greek. Overall, 99 valid responses were submitted. The median age (interquartile range) of the participants was 48.50 (13.50) years and 76.80% were females. One third of the patients mentioned that they could not work/changed jobs after their diagnosis (28.30%) and that they face severe restriction of their everyday activities (26.30%). The mean MG-QOL15r score was 13.50 ± 7.70. Patients with important restriction of everyday activities (p < 0.01), patients with more pronounced need of emotional support (p < 0.01), patients with generalized MG (p < 0.01) and patients with myasthenic crises (p < 0.01) reported lower QoL. This study is the first to report on the affected QoL of the Greek population with MG using the MG-QoL15r scale. Further work should be done to incorporate the routine evaluation of QoL in the care of patients with MG.
The Impact of Farmland Management Rights Mortgage Loan on the Agri-Food Industrial Agglomeration: Case of Hubei Province
Authors: Wang Yiru , Lu Honggang , Chen Yuge , Yang Peiwen , Cheng Xiangbo , Xie Fangting
Published: July 2023

The Chinese government encourages rural economic entities to use farmland management rights as collateral for loans, which helps to alleviate multi-level financing needs in rural areas. Based on the panel data of counties in Hubei Province, this paper adopts the Difference-in-Differences (DID) and the intermediary effect model to evaluate the impact of farmland management rights mortgage loans (FMRML) on the agri-food industrial agglomeration (AIA) in China. The study found that the pilot policy has significantly promoted the AIA. Moreover, the regression results remain robust after conducting the placebo test and the Propensity Score Matching Difference-in-Differences (PSM-DID) model, which demonstrates that the improvement effect is stable and long-lasting. From the heterogeneity analysis, it can be seen that the policy of FMRML has a more significant effect on the AIA in mountainous and hilly areas. By further analysis of the mechanism of action, it can be concluded that the pilot policy promotes the AIA by enhancing agricultural specialized production. The main findings can provide information for policymakers in China. The recommendations we have summarized encompass gradually expanding the scope of the pilot policy of FMRML, advancing the institutionalization and legalization of the policy, and promoting agricultural production specialization.
Landslide Susceptibility Assessment for Maragheh County, Iran, Using the Logistic Regression Algorithm
Authors: Cemiloglu Ahmed , Zhu Licai , Mohammednour Agab Bakheet , Azarafza Mohammad , Nanehkaran Yaser Ahangari
Published: July 2023

Landslide susceptibility assessment is the globally approved procedure to prepare geo-hazard maps of landslide-prone areas, which are highly used in urban management and minimizing the possible disasters due to landslides. Multiple approaches to providing susceptibility maps for landslides have one specification. Logistic regression is a statistical-based model that investigates the probabilities of the events which is received extensive success in landslide susceptibility assessment. The presented study attempted to use a logistic regression application to prepare the Maragheh County hazard risk map. In this regard, several predisposing factors (e.g., elevation, slope aspect, slope angle, rainfall, land use, lithology, weathering, distance from faults, distance from the river, distance from the road, and distance from cities) are identified as main responsible for landslide occurrence and 20 historical sliding events which used to prepare hazard risk maps. As verification, the models were controlled by operating relative characteristics (ROC) curves which reported the overall accuracy for susceptibility assessment. According to the results, the region is located in a moderate to high-hazard risk zone. The north and northeast parts of Maragheh County show high suitability for landslides. Verification results of the model indicated that the AUC estimated for the training set is 0.885, and the AUC estimated for the testing set is 0.769. To justify the model, the results of the LR were comparatively checked with several benchmark learning models. Results indicated that LR model performance is reasonable.
Architectural Continuity Assessment of Rural Settlement Houses: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Wang Xiaokang , Zhu Li , Li Jiang , Zhang Ni , Tang Yue , Sun Yilin , Wu Honglin , Cheng Chuang
Published: July 2023

As a significant component of rural settlements, residential architecture is a record of historical changes containing considerable research value. In the study of residential architectural continuity, the focus is on the inheritance and innovation of traditional residential architectural “genes” in contemporary new residential buildings. Based on a systematic review of the literature, the purpose of this study is to analyze the research trends, categories, and variables relating to architectural continuity in residential buildings, and to build a systematic and comprehensive framework for assessing the architectural continuity of residential buildings in rural settlements based on prior research. This study provides guidance and references for evaluating the design of new residential buildings in rural settlements and for formulating regional planning principles. Using the PRISMA guidelines as the basis for the review method, we filtered the literature from three databases: Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and EI, and studied the 40 articles selected at the end. As can be seen from the results, the literature on architectural continuity in rural settlements has focused more on functional and typological levels and less on the archetypal level of architectural continuity (user behavior). Still, the archetypal level is the most important, because the behavior of housing users directly influences the degree to which housing is continuous in terms of its function and type. The most important finding of this review is that the resident behavior of housing users has a significant influence on the assessment of the continuity of housing architecture, and thus, the continuity of housing architecture in rural settlements must be assessed in conjunction with user behavior.
The Co-Production of a Shared Community Space in Al-Khodor, Karantina, in the Aftermath of the Beirut Port Blast
Authors: Al-Harithy Howayda , Yassine Batoul
Published: July 2023

This paper explores urban recovery as a participatory bottom-up process that highlights the importance and social significance of spaces of shared memories in reconstituting the built as well as the sociocultural fabrics of a place. It examines the multiple modes of engaging local communities in the process of recovering and rehabilitating shared public spaces, including organizing workshops to identify a space of common social significance, co-designing and co-producing a spatial intervention, and maintaining the intervention over the long term. The paper focuses on Karantina, a neighborhood in Beirut that became the site of post-disaster recovery in the aftermath of the Beirut Port blast in August 2020, and the spatial intervention that the urban recovery team at the Beirut Urban Lab implemented in the sub-neighborhood of Al-Khodor. In doing so, the paper contributes experiences from recent work on participatory modes of engaging the local community groups in Al-Khodor. It highlights the importance of community participation in researching, designing, implementing, and maintaining spatial interventions in the near absence of an active government in a country such as Lebanon.
Evaluating Collective Action for Effective Land Policy Reform in Developing Country Contexts: The Construction and Validation of Dimensions and Indicators
Authors: Zhou Lin , de Vries Walter Timo , Panman Alexandra , Gao Fei , Fang Chenyu
Published: July 2023

Although land reform can be motivated by different policy objectives, it always involves the participation of many actors. Insights from New Institutional Economics suggest that individual interests that are not aligned with collective interests tend to undermine the goals of reform. This study provides a viable framework and measures for social capital, trust, and cooperation performance and their interrelationships to compensate for the existing separate analysis of these three factors and their rare application in achieving goals of collective action. We also build a strong and deepening theoretical foundation for the indicator design, providing a rich representation of social capital, trust, and cooperation performance. After being presented with variables, indicators are used to further elaborate on the variables to enhance the richness and science of the indicator design. The validation results of indicators from 12 experts and 223 respondents are to yield an average reliable coefficient as a positive sign of reliability and validity of the evaluation process with Kendall’s Co-efficient of Concordance (W) through R programming. This study emphasizes the importance of collective action for sustainable land use and effective land policy reform, a topic that remains underrepresented in most land reform analyses.
The Status of Religion/Sect-Based Linguistic Variation in Tartus, Syria: Looking at the Nuances of Qaf as an Example
Authors: Mohamad Tamam
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the social and historical dynamics affecting the religion/sect-based linguistic distribution and associations of the Qaf variants, namely [q] and [ʔ]. The findings are based on the data gathered through interactions with 93 Arabic speakers from Tartus Center, Syria. The descriptive analysis reveals the presence of religion/sect-based linguistic distribution, with [q] being dominant mainly among Alawites and [ʔ] being dominant among Sunnis and Christians and increasingly becoming popular among Alawites of the urban regions. The paper highlights the emergence of [q] as a religiously, socially, and symbolically marked Alawite variant during the war, contrary to the [ʔ], which became a supralocal and religiously neutral variant that speakers of marked [q] backgrounds can resort to at times of tension and social pressure.
Using Natural Zeolite as a Feed Additive in Broilers’ Diets for Enhancing Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality Traits
Authors: Abdelrahman Mutassim M. , Al-Baadani Hani H. , Qaid Mohammed M. , Al-Garadi Maged A. , Suliman Gamaleldin M. , Alobre Mohsen M. , Al-Mufarrej Saud I.
Published: July 2023

Background: Using natural zeolites as a food additive in poultry diets offers an intriguing perspective. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of zeolite addition and particle size on broiler performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, moisture of excreta and litter, and intestinal measurements during 35 days. Methods: A total of 560 1-day-old female Ross-308 broilers were divided into five treatment levels (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g zeolite/kg diet) (n = 16 replicates/treatment, n = 8 replicates /particle size of each treatment). Performance was calculated weekly. Carcass characteristics, meat quality, small intestine (SI) measurements, litter pH, and moisture content were determined on day 35. Results: Litter pH, breast redness, cooking loss, chewiness, total weight, and SI length were all affected by zeolite treatments (p < 0.05). Particle size had an impact on the gastric pH and texture analysis. Their interaction had an effect on color redness, litter pH, and cooking loss. Performance was unaffected by either the main or interaction effects. Conclusion: Zeolite as a feed additive may be useful in broiler diets, particularly large particles. The performance and production efficiency factor improved numerically (p > 0.05) with increasing zeolite doses up to 10 g zeolite/kg diet.
Predictors of Urinary Continence Recovery after Laparoscopic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Is Surgical Urethral Length the Only Key Factor?
Authors: Ragusa Alberto , Brassetti Aldo , Prata Francesco , Iannuzzi Andrea , Callè Pasquale , Tedesco Francesco , Cacciatore Loris , Esperto Francesco , Simone Giuseppe , Scarpa Roberto Mario , Papalia Rocco
Published: July 2023

Several efforts in recent years have been made to predict urinary continence (UC) recovery after radical prostatectomy. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of surgical urethral length preservation (SULP) on urinary continence after LARP (laparoscopic-assisted radical prostatectomy). We retrospectively queried our datasets from May 2021 to May 2022. After the application of exclusion criteria, a total of 100 patients who underwent LARP for prostate cancer at our institution were enrolled. Through a sterile ruler inserted by a 12 mm trocar, the length of the membranous urethra spared during LARP was assessed intra-operatively. The baseline and peri- and postoperative data of patients were collected, and UC was defined as 0 or 1 on a safety pad. The median SULP was 20.5 mm (IQR, 14.5–25), and the median intraoperative EBL were 150 mL (IQR, 100–200). The Kaplan–Meier curve showed a significant difference at 20 mm, which was used as the cut-off value for SULP (log-rank test, p < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models showed that SULP and EBL < 250 mL were associated with UC recovery (all p < 0.02). Surgical urethral length preservation seemed to improve early UC recovery after LARP. Further multicentric studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Preliminary Mechanical Evaluation of Grouting Concrete as a Protective Layer for Tunnelling
Authors: Lu Yi , Wan Tong , Huang Xiangyun , Lu Jiahui , Lin Shan , Nong Xingzhong
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study is to introduce a protective layer to safeguard tunnel structures. In practice, one viable approach to create this protective layer between the tunnel structure and surrounding rocks is to pump the material during tunnel construction. The primary components of the proposed material are porous sand, rubber, and cement. Static and dynamic experiments were conducted to assess the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), flexural stiffness, and compaction resistance at various mixing ratios. The results indicate that the addition of porous sand decreases the UCS compared to the solid sand under similar mixing conditions. The addition of rubber offers the elasticity, thereby enhancing the compaction resistance. However, increasing the rubber content compromises UCS. Furthermore, this study presents a linear equation to predict the 7-day UCS, which can be used as a rapid estimation for UCS, flexural stiffness, and compaction resistance of the proposed material. It is important to note that this study only investigates the fundamental mechanical properties of the proposed material, and further comprehensive research is necessary to fully understand its workability, durability, and other behaviour before practical application.