bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Literacy on Working Status and Income Expenditure Gap among Senior Citizens in Rural & Urban Areas of Mirpurkhas
Authors: Arbab Ghulam Qadir , Ram Nanik , Khawaja Imdad Ali
Published: September 2021

The rapidly increasing population of older people in developed as well developing countries including Pakistan is a serious concern. As a result senior citizens face problems during their latter part of life. In most of the cases, the senior citizens are forced to continue work for their livelihood due to poverty. But due to the lack of conducive working opportunities they face hurdles in getting suitable work. This study was conducted with the main objective to evaluate difference in the working status and income expenditure gap among literate and illiterate senior citizens. Descriptive method was followed to conduct this study and random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Close ended questionnaire was used to collect data from 385 male and female senior citizens in the rural and urban areas of district Mirpurkhas. The study found that the literate senior citizens were in better position as compared to illiterate senior citizens. Literate senior citizens has comparative advantage over illiterate senior citizens in getting work resultantly got better monthly income level as compared to illiterate senior citizens. Moreover, the current status of health of literate senior citizens was also better as compared to illiterate senior citizens.

Keywords: Senior citizens, older people, income security, living standard, working status, health, income expenditure gap
Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals for Quality Education in institutions of Higher Education in Pakistan: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Khurshid Khalid , Noureen Shazia , Hussain Bashir
Published: September 2021

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) markedly focused on access to education for all through poverty elevation. All nations and especially developing countries like Pakistan had responded positively to achieve these MDGs. Afterward, UNO announced sustainable development goals(SDGs) agenda of 2030, fourth goal of which was about the quality of education in higher education institutes (HEIs).In this relation, the focus of present research was to analyze current implementations by institutes of higher education for imparting “quality education to promote life-long learning for all” under guidelines of the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan. Therefore, it is important to ensure sustainability in providing quality education to future generations. For conducting this study, a qualitative approach was adopted to get opinions from the heads of departments about measures taken for sustainability. Population of this study comprised all the heads of the departments from all faculties of Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Whereas, sample consisted nineteen (19) heads from Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, using purposive sampling technique. For data collection purposes, an open-ended semi structured interview protocol was developed, consisting of six questions. Thematic analysis technique was adopted to analyze the opinions of all heads of the departments to achieve SDGs to enhance quality of higher education. Results of study showed that most heads agreed to implement sustainable goals at university level within their capacity. Moreover, the lack of resources and expertise were the major obstacles for implementing these goals in their institutes.

Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals, Quality Education, Higher Education
Gendered Perceptions’ regarding Career Guidance Needs at Higher Education Level
Authors: Aurangzeb Wajeeha , Mehmood Azhar , Khan Sumaira
Published: September 2021

Career guidance had been a strong variable for consideration in democratic societies at global level. Individual autonomy and choice making is imperative for indulging in better market economy. Career guidance programs, if introduced at university level are very helpful for students in overcoming hesitation in career choices and selecting desirable study paths. The study compared career guidance needs among students at higher education level in Pakistan with reference to gender. Mix method design was adopted to extract data from graduating students enrolled in Management Sciences through questionnaire and semi structured interviews (male=100, female=100). Findings illuminated that male students (μ=4.1) have a clear idea about career guidance through internship programs whereas female students (μ=3.1) differed in their views about it. Male students suggested that career planning strategies, if implemented in their course may help designing lifelong careers whereas female students’ focus was towards development of effective career skills only. It is suggested that career guidance is on the brink of coming a national reality at all of the educational levels, so it may be included as a vital part in curriculum. Furthermore, as female students in our society are given less projection so they may be provided with more chances of exposure towards their future careers.

Keywords: Perceptions, career guidance, career skills, career planning
4-output Programmable Spin Wave Logic Gate
Authors: Mahmoud Abdulqader , Vanderveken Frederic , Adelmann Christoph , Ciubotaru Florin , Hamdioui Said , Cotofana Sorin
Published: September 2021

To bring Spin Wave (SW) based computing paradigm into practice and develop ultra low power Magnonic circuits and computation platforms, one needs basic logic gates that operate and can be cascaded within the SW domain without requiring back and forth conversion between the SW and voltage domains. To achieve this, SW gates have to possess intrinsic fanout capabilities, be input-output data representation coherent, and reconfigurable. In this paper, we address the first and the last requirements and propose a novel 4-output programmable SW logic. First, we introduce the gate structure and demonstrate that, by adjusting the gate output detection method, it can parallelly evaluate any 4-element subset of the 2-input Boolean function set AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, and XNOR. Furthermore, we adjust the structure such that all its 4 outputs produce SWs with the same energy and demonstrate that it can evaluate Boolean function sets while providing fanout capabilities ranging from 1 to 4. We validate our approach by instantiating and simulating different gate configurations such as 4-output AND/OR, 4-output XOR/XNOR, output energy balanced 4-output AND/OR, and output energy balanced 4-output XOR/XNOR by means of Object Oriented Micromagnetic Framework (OOMMF) simulations. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our proposal in terms of delay and energy consumption and compare it against existing state-of-the-art SW and 16nm CMOS counterparts. The results indicate that for the same functionality, our approach provides 3x and 16x energy reduction, when compared with conventional SW and 16nm CMOS implementations, respectively.
Achieving Wave Pipelining in Spin Wave Technology
Authors: Mahmoud Abdulqader , Vanderveken Frederic , Adelmann Christoph , Ciubotaru Florin , Hamdioui Said , Cotofana Sorin
Published: September 2021

By their very nature, voltage/current excited Spin Waves (SWs) propagate through waveguides without consuming noticeable power. If SW excitation is performed by the continuous application of voltages/currents to the input, which is usually the case, the overall energy consumption is determined by the transducer power and the circuit critical path delay, which leads to high energy consumption because of SWs slowness. However, if transducers are operated in pulses the energy becomes circuit delay independent and it is mainly determined by the transducer power and delay, thus pulse operation should be targeted. In this paper, we utilize a 3-input Majority gate (MAJ) to investigate the Continuous Mode Operation (CMO), and Pulse Mode Operation (PMO). Moreover, we validate CMO and PMO 3-input Majority gate by means of micromagnetic simulations. Furthermore, we evaluate and compare the CMO and PMO Majority gate implementations in term of energy. The results indicate that PMO diminishes MAJ gate energy consumption by a factor of 18. In addition, we describe how PMO can open the road towards the utilization of the Wave Pipelining (WP) concept in SW circuits. We validate the WP concept by means of micromagnetic simulations and we evaluate its implications in term of throughput. Our evaluation indicates that for a circuit formed by four cascaded MAJ gates WP increases the throughput by 3.6x.
Ensemble Stock Market Prediction using SVM,LSTM, and Linear Regression
Authors: Indika Amila , Warusamana Nethmal , Welikala Erantha , Deegalla Sampath
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Stock forecasting is challenging because of stock volatility and dependability on external factors, such as economic, social, and political factors. This motivates investors to seek tools to identify stock trends to reap profits.

In this research, we compared several heterogeneous ensembles for financial forecasting, including averaging, weighted, stacking, and blending ensembles. In addition, we used a random forest regressor as the baseline.

Regression was used to predict the next day’s closing stock price. We used classification to label closing stock value as HIGH or LOW by comparing with the opening stock value of a particular company. We used Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) models, Linear Regression, and Support Vector Machines (SVM) as individual models. Further, we analyzed 10 years of historical data of the most active 20 companies of the NASDAQ stock exchange for implementing ensemble models.

In conclusion, experimental results depict blending ensembles perform the best out of compared ensembles in financial forecasting. Further, they reveal SVM is under-performing, LSTM outputs are satisfactory, while linear regression produced promising results.

Data: Data for this research was gathered from online available sources from the NASDAQ American stock exchange.

We gathered data for most active 20 companies and 10 years of historical data from 21st September 2019 backwards. We used 40044 data points in total.
Expatriates Coaching Behaviors and Local Employees Work Performance: Mediating Role of Cross - Cultural Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Pasadame Windy Lau Edwin
Published: September 2021

This study investigates How the coaching behavior of Chinese expatriates and the performance of local employees overcomes the inherent differences between them and develops the quality of relationships that play an important role in carrying out cross-cultural knowledge transfer? Existing research does not provide a good answer to this question. The knowledge transfer literature has focused on organizational vehicles and structural mechanisms, with little attention paid to understanding how the organizational processes and individuals involved can facilitate knowledge transfer. After all, it is people who have applied and transferred knowledge. This study aims to propose and analyze a model for developing expatriate coaching behavior through cross-cultural knowledge transfer in improving the work performance of local employees, to examine the moderating role of intelligence culture for expatriate coaching behavior on the relationship of cross-cultural knowledge transfer to local employee performance on expatriates and employees. This study will examine the moderating role of Perceived Organizational Support theorists have suggested that employees form global perceptions of the level of support provided by their employers and that this perception influences their behavior in the workplace. The data collection method used is a qualitative method. Based on the results of research and discussion, it can be concluded that China expatriates with high cultural intelligence, their coaching behavior has a clearer positive impact on the performance of local employees; for local employees who have high cultural intelligence, expatriate coaching behavior has a clearer positive impact on the employee's performance.
Evaluation of Drug Uses for Calicivirus and Panleukopenia Treatment in Bogor Animal Clinic on 2017 and 2018
Authors: Nulhakim Muhammad Agung , Prasetyo Bayu Febram , Purwono Rini Madyastuti
Published: September 2021

Drug therapy in cases of infections by viruses is only to prevent secondary infections. The use of drugs for each action must be evaluated through a drug use evaluation program (EPO) in order to guarantee a rational and effective drug. This study aims to examine the drugs in case for handling and the effectiveness of drug use in cases of infections caused by viruses, in this study the therapeutic use of drugs in cases of feline calicivirus and feline panleukopenia. This research is a descriptive study using data from 543 patients who came to get treatment of clinic in Bogor City during 2017 and 2018, 29 of which were infected with feline calicivirus and 32 infected with feline panleukopenia. Evaluation of drug use in these two viral diseases is done descriptively by comparing research data with literature. The results showed the use of drugs in the case of feline calicivirus there were 12 types of drug treatment, while in the case of feline panleukopenia there were 9 types of drug treatment. The use of drugs most often used is based on the records of veterinary clinical records, namely the preparation of metronidazole combined with cefadroxil to handle cases of feline calicivirus and metronidazole alone to handle cases of feline panleukopenia.
Development of Water Tube Media on the Theme of the Universe to Improve Fine Motor and Language Development in Early Children
Authors: Avriani Indira Olan , Hasibuan Rachma , Trihariastuti Retno
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the research is analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of the water tube media in developing soft motor skills and children's language. This development research use the Dick & Carey research and development model. The result of the development are water tube products to develop soft motor skill and children’s language in group A. The development of the media includes material about the introduction about charasterictic water. The study was conducted in class A Bina Prestasi Surabaya. Based on the formative test to experts and children obtained qualitative and quantitative data, qualitative data are suggestions from experts and quantitative data in the form a percentage of child observasion sheets. The percentage of asessment formative tests experts and also children, the water tube media is feasible and effective to be used in learning to develop soft motor skills and children’s language in group A Bina Prestasi Surabaya. Based on the results of this development research, it can be concluded that the water tube media is feasible to use in improving the development of fine motor and language development in early childhood and is also effective and practical to use in improving fine motor and language development in early childhood. This is proven by testing the hypothesis used, namely the output table "test statistics" shows Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) is worth 0.000. because the value is 0.000 <0.05, it can be concluded that it is accepted, meaning that there is a difference in scores between before and after being treated with water tube media.
Literature Review: The Effect Of Lemon Aromatherapy On Emesis Gravidarum
Authors: Sulistyowati Rini
Published: September 2021

Nausea and vomiting (Emesis Gravidarum) often occurs in 1st trimester pregnant women. The cause is due to an increase in the hormones estrogen and HCG in early pregnancy. One of the effects is dehydration which causes the fetus to experience problems, therefore therapy is needed one of the therapies to deal with is the aroma therapy of lemon. International literature searched by electronic means with key words (emesis, lemon therapy, aromatherapy). 8 selection articles on the effect of lemon aromatherapy on emesis gravidarum. Result of this study is there were differences in emesis gravidarum in aromatherapy with the same treatment. One of the treatments for emesis gravidarum is a non-pharmacological method, namely lemon aromatherapy. Aromatherapy lemon therapy contains 66-80% limonene, geranil acetate, nerol, linalyl acetate, 0.4-15% pinene, 1-4% pinene, 6-14% terpinene and myrcen. Chemical compounds such as geranil acetate, nerol are useful for antidepressants, nantiseptics, anti spasmodics to relieve feelings of anxiety, stress, and fatigue. Conclusion of this research that the use of lemon aromatherapy is effective in reducing the occurrence of emesis gravidarum
Mudanças Climáticas e Suas Relações com o Uso da Terra no Município de Alta Floresta – Amazônia Meridional Brasileira
Authors: Santos Katiane da Silva , Oliveira Beatriz Fátima Alves , Ignotti Eliane
Published: September 2021

A brusca ocupação do norte de Mato Grosso levou à transformação de grandes áreas de transição Cerrado-Amazônia numa das mais importantes regiões de produção agrícola e pecuária do Brasil. Neste estudo buscou-se analisar as mudanças climáticas e sua relação com a mudança do uso da terra em escala local no município Amazônico de Alta Floresta, norte do estado de Mato Grosso, entre 1986 a 2015. Como um estudo exploratório, analisamos as tendências do clima regional por meio de variáveis meteorológicas e ambientais. Foram testadas a relação das temperaturas (máxima, média e mínima) anuais, umidade relativa do ar e precipitação com os indicadores ambientais: área de agropecuária, número de efetivo bovino, área desmatada e número de focos de queimadas. Significativas mudanças climáticas foram observadas em 30 anos para temperatura máxima com aumento de 2,7°C; para 1986 a 2002, aumento de 2,9°C nas temperaturas máxima e mínima, e diminuição da umidade relativa do ar em 10,7%; entre 2003 e 2015, houve diminuição de 2,1mm/m³ na precipitação em associação inversa ao desmatamento. O processo de ocupação da terra por meio do desmatamento e queimadas, seguido da ocupação do solo pela agropecuária, foram determinantes das alterações no clima amazônico de Alta Floresta/MT, sendo evidente o aumento da temperatura e a redução da umidade relativa do ar e da precipitação.
Endostar, an Antiangiogenesis Inhibitor, Combined With Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer
Authors: Lu Heming , Wu Yuying , Liu Xu , Huang Huixian , Jiang Hailan , Zhu Chaohua , Man Yuping , Chen Zhaohong , Long Xianfeng , Pang Qiang , Peng Luxing , Li Xianglong , Gu Junzhao , Deng Shan , Xing Ligang
Published: September 2021

This phase II randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy and toxicity of Endostar, an antiangiogenesis inhibitor, combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Patients with LACC were randomly assigned to either CCRT plus
Endostar (CCRT+E arm) or CCRT alone (CCRT arm). All patients received pelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and brachytherapy. Weekly cisplatin was administered concurrently with IMRT. Patients in the CCRT+E arm also received concurrent Endostar every 3 weeks for two cycles.
The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and acute toxicities. The exploratory endpoint was the impact of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) expression on long-term survival. A total of 116 patients were enrolled. Patients in the CCRT+E arm and in the CCRT
arm had similar acute and late toxicity profile. The 1- and 2-year PFS were 91.4% versus 82.1% and 80.8% versus 63.5% (p=0.091), respectively. The 1- and 2-year distance metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were 92.7% versus 81.1% and 86.0% versus 65.1% (p=0.031), respectively. Patients
with positive VEGFR2 expression had significant longer PFS and overall survival (OS) compared with those with negative VEGFR2 expression. Patients in the CCRT+E arm had significantly longer PFS, OS, and DMFS than those in the CCRT arm when VEGFR2 expression was positive. In conclusion, CCRT
plus Endostar significantly improved DMFS but not PFS over CCRT alone. The addition of Endostar could significantly improve survival for patients with positive VEGFR2 expression.
Teacher perceptions of facilitating inquiry-based instruction following a 12-month professional development experience
Authors: Kreifels Matthew , Conner Nathan , Reiling Bryan , Stripling Christopher , Balschweid Mark
Published: September 2021

Using inquiry-based learning instructional strategies as a way to integrate science into secondary classrooms is a common approach in education. This study documents agricultural teachers’ perceptions of science integration using inquiry-based learning as an instructional method when teaching animal science after participating in a on professional development program. A focus group (n = 10) was used to collect data which were analyzed using the constant comparative method. The following six themes emerged: (a) perceived value in inquiry-based learning, (b) alignment to state and local expectations, (c) value and challenges of a 12-month program, (d) challenges in engaging science teachers, (e) confidence in teaching technical content, and (f) integrating science concepts. Teachers in the focus group described positive experiences and attitudes when using inquiry-based learning techniques in their classrooms and described an appreciation for the 12-month program, including how the approach helped to meet state standards and local administrative requirements. Logistical challenges of a 12-month program existed, but also provided accountability for teachers. The program increased teachers’ confidence in both instruction of technical content and their ability to engage students while integrating science concepts.
Revision of the family Metarbelidae (Lepidoptera) of the Oriental Region. VI. Genus Tearbela Yakovlev & Zolotuhin gen. nov. from the Bangladesh and Marcopoloia dea (Swinhoe, 1890) comb. nov.
Authors: Yakovlev Roman V. , Zolotuhin Vadim V.
Published: September 2021

In the sixth part of the revision of the Asian Metarbelidae we describe a new monotypic genus, Tearbela Yakovlev & Zolotuhin, gen. nov. (type species, by original designation: Arbela theivora Hampson, 1910). Tearbela theivora (Hampson, 1910) comb. nov. and Marcopoloia dea (Swinhoe, 1890) comb. nov. are established and redescribed.
Dispersal of earthworms from the Rudny Altai (Kazakhstan) into Western Siberia
Authors: Golovanova Elena V. , Kniazev Stanislav Yu. , Babiy Kirill A. , Tsvirko Eugeniya I. , Karaban Kamil , Solomatin Denis V.
Published: September 2021

The aim of our study was to determine the current distribution, habitats, ecology, and possible dispersal routes of three species of the Rudny Altai (East Kazakhstan): Eisenia tracta, E. nana, and E. ventripapillata. We found that these species dispersed far beyond their original distribution into the flatland part of western Siberia (Russia) up to the central forest steppe of the Omsk oblast. E. tracta, E. nana, and E. ventripapillata were found in both floodplains and interfluvials. Hydrochory was the most plausible way of northward dispersal, while on interfluvials, they were probably introduced by humans. The studied species showed no preference for a particular habitat or river bank. The habitats were diverse and significantly different from the original ones in Rudny Altai. The factors that allowed E. tracta, E. nana, and E. ventripapillata to colonize western Siberia were probably their wide tolerance range to soil pH, temperature, density, and humidity, along with the decrease of winter soil freezing in recent decades. This is the first information about the occurrence of these species of earthworms in Siberia.
Measurements of the Dust Properties in z ≃ 1–3 Submillimeter Galaxies with ALMA
Authors: da Cunha E. , Hodge J. A. , Casey C. M. , Algera H. S. B. , Kaasinen M. , Smail I. , Walter F. , Brandt W. N. , Dannerbauer H. , Decarli R. , Groves B. A. , Knudsen K. K. , Swinbank A. M. , Weiss A. , van der Werf P. , Zavala J. A.
Published: September 2021

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 2 mm continuum observations of a complete and unbiased sample of 99 870 μm selected submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ALESS). Our observations of each SMG reach average sensitivities of 53 μJy beam−1. We measure the flux densities for 70 sources, for which we obtain a typical 870 μm-to-2 mm flux ratio of 14 ± 5. We do not find a redshift dependence of this flux ratio, which would be expected if the dust emission properties of our SMGs were the same at all redshifts. By combining our ALMA measurements with existing Herschel/SPIRE observations, we construct a (biased) subset of 27 galaxies for which the cool dust emission is sufficiently well sampled to obtain precise constraints on their dust properties using simple isothermal models. Thanks to our new 2 mm observations, the dust emissivity index is well constrained and robust against different dust opacity assumptions. The median dust emissivity index of our SMGs is β ≃ 1.9 ± 0.4, consistent with the emissivity index of dust in the Milky Way and other local and high-redshift galaxies, as well as classical dust-grain model predictions. We also find a negative correlation between the dust temperature and β, similar to low-redshift observational and theoretical studies. Our results indicate that β ≃ 2 in high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies, implying little evolution in dust-grain properties between our SMGs and local dusty galaxy samples, and suggesting that these high-mass and high-metallicity galaxies have dust reservoirs driven by grain growth in their interstellar medium.
An M Dwarf’s Chromosphere, Corona, and Wind Connection via Nonlinear Alfvén Waves
Authors: Sakaue Takahito , Shibata Kazunari
Published: September 2021

An M dwarf’s atmosphere is expected to be highly magnetized. The magnetic energy can be responsible for heating the stellar chromosphere and corona and driving the stellar wind. The nonlinear propagation of Alfvén waves is a promising mechanism for both heating the stellar atmosphere and driving the stellar wind. Based on this Alfvén wave scenario, we carried out a 1D compressive magnetohydrodynamic simulation to reproduce the stellar atmospheres and winds of TRAPPIST-1, Proxima Centauri, YZ CMi, AD Leo, AX Mic, and the Sun. The nonlinear propagation of Alfvén waves from the stellar photosphere to the chromosphere, corona, and interplanetary space is directly resolved in our study. The simulation result particularly shows that the slow shock generated through the nonlinear mode coupling of Alfvén waves is crucially involved in both the dynamics of the stellar chromosphere (stellar spicule) and stellar wind acceleration. Our parameter survey further revealed the following general trends of the physical quantities of the stellar atmosphere and wind. (1) The M dwarf coronae tend to be cooler and denser than the solar corona. (2) The M dwarf stellar winds can be characterized by a relatively faster velocity and much smaller mass-loss rate compared to those of the solar wind. The physical mechanisms behind these tendencies are clarified in this paper, where the stronger stratification of the M dwarf’s atmosphere and relatively smaller Alfvén wave energy input from the M dwarf’s photosphere are remarkable.
Two-dimensional Particle-in-cell Simulation of Magnetic Reconnection in the Downstream of a Quasi-perpendicular Shock
Authors: Lu Quanming , Yang Zhongwei , Wang Huanyu , Wang Rongsheng , Huang Kai , Lu San , Wang Shui
Published: September 2021

In this paper, by performing a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation, we investigate magnetic reconnection in the downstream of a quasi-perpendicular shock. The shock is nonstationary, and experiences cyclic reformation. At the beginning of the reformation process, the shock front is relatively flat, and part of the upstream ions are reflected by the shock front. The reflected ions move upward in the action of the Lorentz force, which leads to the upward bending of the magnetic field lines at the foot of the shock front, and then a current sheet is formed due to the squeezing of the bending magnetic field lines. The formed current sheet is brought toward the shock front by the solar wind, and the shock front becomes irregular after interacting with the current sheet. Both the current sheet carried by the solar wind and the current sheet associated with the shock front are then fragmented into many small filamentary current sheets. Electron-scale magnetic reconnection may occur in several of these filamentary current sheets when they are convected into the downstream, and magnetic islands are generated. A strong reconnection electric field and energy dissipation are also generated around the X line, and a high-speed electron outflow is also formed.
Constraining Saturn’s Interior with Ring Seismology: Effects of Differential Rotation and Stable Stratification
Authors: Dewberry Janosz W. , Mankovich Christopher R. , Fuller Jim , Lai Dong , Xu Wenrui
Published: September 2021

Normal mode oscillations in Saturn excite density and bending waves in the C ring, providing a valuable window into the planet’s interior. Saturn’s fundamental modes (f-modes) excite the majority of the observed waves, while gravito-inertial modes (rotationally modified g-modes) associated with stable stratification in the deep interior provide a compelling explanation for additional density waves with low azimuthal wavenumbers m. However, multiplets of density waves with nearly degenerate frequencies, including an m = 3 triplet, still lack a definitive explanation. We investigate the effects of rapid and differential rotation on Saturn’s oscillations, calculating normal modes for independently constrained interior models. We use a non-perturbative treatment of rotation that captures the full effects of the Coriolis and centrifugal forces, and consequently the mixing of sectoral f-modes with g-modes characterized by very different spherical harmonic degrees. Realistic profiles for differential rotation associated with Saturn’s zonal winds can enhance these mode interactions, producing detectable oscillations with frequencies separated by less than 1%. Our calculations demonstrate that a three-mode interaction involving an f-mode and two g-modes can feasibly explain the finely split m = 3 triplet, although the fine-tuning required to produce such an interaction generally worsens agreement with seismological constraints provided by m = 2 density waves. Our calculations additionally demonstrate that sectoral f-mode frequencies are measurably sensitive to differential rotation in Saturn’s convective envelope. Finally, we find that including realistic equatorial antisymmetry in Saturn’s differential rotation profile couples modes with even and odd equatorial parity, producing oscillations that could in principle excite both density and bending waves simultaneously.
Diversity and Conservation of Cetaceans in Pakistan
Authors: Ibrahim Aamir , Chen Bingyao , Ali Imran , Ali Hassan , Qadir Abdul , Yang Guang
Published: September 2021

Pakistan has total coastline of about 990 km, while diversity, distribution and abundance of cetaceans are not well understood. All historic and most recent information are based on opportunistic stranding or incidental bycatch in fishing nets, which has been a big obstacle in formulating any conservation strategy for cetaceans in Pakistan. Recent initiatives were taken and conducted surveys along the entire coastline. Although, some species have been identified well, however, still, lack of detail studies on population biology and ecology of these species. Many other species are still lack of the expertise for identification or they were misidentified. So far, a total of 18 cetacean species have been recorded in Pakistan, consisting of 3 endangered species namely blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), Arabian sea humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) and Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (Sousa plumbea), 2 vulnerable such as the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and Indo-Pacific finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocoenoid) and others 13 species are listed as data deficient. Future studies should be focused to systematic investigations on stock identification, distribution, and also evaluate the anthropogenic threats to the cetaceans. As the cetaceans has unique evolutionary history among mammals and top predator in the aquatic ecosystem. The national policies and legislations should be revised to declare them as protected species. More protected areas should be established in some important areas, such as Indus delta along the Sindh coastline to sustain the integrity of habitat and long-term conservation and management of cetaceans along the entire coastal area of Pakistan.
The Biodiversity of Ecological Interactions: Challenges for recording and documenting the Web of Life
Authors: Jordano Pedro
Published: September 2021

Biodiversity is more than a collection of individual species. It is the combination of biological entities and processes supporting life on Earth: no single species persists without interacting with other species. A full account of biodiversity on Earth needs to document the essential ecological interactions that support Earth’s system through their functional outcomes. Quantifying biodiversity’s interactome (the whole suite of interactions among biotic organisms) is challenging not just because of the daunting task of describing ecosystem complexity, it’s also limited by the need to define and establish a proper grammar to record and catalog species interactions. Actually, a record of a pairwise interaction between two species can be identified as a "tetranomial species", with just a concatenation of the two Latin binomials. Thus sampling interactions requires solving exactly the same constraints and problems we face when sampling biodiversity. In real interaction webs, the number of actual pairwise interactions among species in local assemblages scales exponentially with species richness.

I discuss the main components of these interactions and those that are key to properly sample and document them. Interactions take the form of predation, competition, commensalism, amensalism, mutualism, symbiosis, and parasitism and, in all cases, involve reciprocal effects for the interacting species and build into highly complex networks (Fig. 1).

The type of metadata required to document ecological interactions between partner species depends on interaction type; yet a fraction of these metadata is shared with those of the partner species. The interaction type sets limits to between-species encounters (actually, encounters between individuals of the partner species) and, more importantly, sets the type of outcome emerging from the interactions. There is a broad range of information that can eventually be acquired when recording an ecological interaction: from its simple presence (the interaction exists, it's been just recorded) to an estimate of its frequency, to obtaining data about its outcome or per-interaction effect (e.g., number of flowers pollinated in a visit by a pollinator to a plant). In addition, the types of interaction data can be quite diverse, reflecting the variety of sampling methods: interaction records from direct observation in the field; camera-traps; DNA-barcoding; bibliographic sources; surveys of image databases, etc. Interaction biodiversity inventories may require merging information coming from these distinct data sources. All these components need to be properly defined in order to build informative metadata and to document ecological interaction records. We are just starting to delineate the main components needed to catalog and inventory ecological interactions as a part of biodiversity inventories.
Quelle(s) problématique(s) des radicalités violentes ?
Authors: Renard Tristan , Coulanges Mathilde , Joussellin Jean-Jacques
Published: September 2021

Peut-on penser la problématique des radicalités sans tomber dans des jugements normatifs (« la radicalité, c’est mal ») ? Comment penser le lien potentiel entre radicalité et violence ? L’objet de cet article est de présenter la trajectoire de construction du champ d’intervention de l’équipe du cresam -Occitanie qui a consisté à questionner la problématique de la radicalisation autour des notions de radicalités, violences extrêmes et configurations.
Agir sur le monde. Radicalités et idéalités adolescentes
Authors: Lenjalley Adrien , Moro Marie Rose , Radjack Rahmeth
Published: September 2021

Les radicalités inquiètent, celles de nos adolescents en particulier. Or la radicalité, cette quête d’idéal et d’idéalité, est à lire du côté de la nécessité. L’adolescence est un moment fondamental de l’engagement, au sens de l’appropriation subjective d’une réalité jusqu’ici contemplée ou subie. L’adolescent nous dit avec force qu’il est de notre monde, et qu’il est donc légitime à agir sur lui et sur nous. Nous devons accueillir et accompagner ce mouvement avec lucidité et bienveillance, respect et curiosité.
Déterminisme des passages à l’acte violents d’un point de vue psychologique à partir de l’analyse des parcours de vie
Authors: Tellier Olivier
Published: September 2021

La question de la radicalisation a conduit à rechercher des profils psychologiques, des traits de personnalité, voire l’existence de troubles mentaux, de façon à pouvoir prévenir les processus ou du moins les traiter secondairement. Les diverses études menées depuis une vingtaine d’années montrent que les profils sont nombreux, évoluent au fil des années, et ne peuvent certainement pas se résumer à un quelconque trouble psychique. Des typologies ont été établies, elles permettent d’intégrer une analyse psychologique dans une approche pluridisciplinaire qui intègre des données évolutives tout au long d’un parcours de vie propre à chaque sujet.
« Viva la muerte » ou « conjurer la peur »
Authors: Saint-Dizier Francis , Vignes Michel , Ghaouti Mohamed
Published: September 2021

Le rap  31 est un dispositif de clinique indirecte concertée, financé par l’ ars , la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse et le conseil départemental. Il vient en aide aux professionnels pour la lecture clinique, l’élaboration et la coordination de projets individuels concernant des adolescents à difficultés multiples. La grande majorité de ces jeunes présentent, si on se réfère à une abondante littérature, de nombreux signes de vulnérabilité pour la radicalisation violente et en particulier djihadiste. Malgré notre ignorance quant au pronostic, il apparaissait utile, au moins pour éviter des points aveugles dans notre propre pensée, de contribuer, par un témoignage, à la réflexion sur ce thème.
Économie de fonctionnalité et réseaux de chaleur : vers une innovation au niveau territorial ?
Authors: Mothe Caroline , Grébert Fabienne , Delfosse Estelle
Published: September 2021

Les réseaux de chaleur sont un outil essentiel pour participer à la transition énergétique. Dans cette optique, l’économie de fonctionnalité peut constituer une nouvelle opportunité. Mais elle repose sur la définition et la mise en place de logiques de coopération entre les parties-prenantes pour co-concevoir, coproduire et co-évaluer le service dans une approche multicritères. Ainsi, comment les RC peuvent-ils être gérés selon les principes de l’économie de fonctionnalité ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons réalisé vingt entretiens avec des acteurs clés de réseaux de chaleur pour nous focaliser sur le cas de Lucinges pour illustrer la manière dont ils ont intégré les quatre piliers de l’économie fonctionnelle. Notre recherche permet ainsi de proposer un nouveau modèle économique permettant de mettre en œuvre une économie de fonctionnalité reposant sur une gouvernance territoriale innovante allant au-delà des acteurs institutionnels et élargie notamment aux utilisateurs et citoyens. Codes JEL : L30, O35
Approche comparative des représentations de professeurs français et sénégalais sur la prise en compte de la diversité des élèves
Authors: Barry Valérie
Published: September 2021

Cet article est issu d’une recherche réalisée auprès de deux équipes d’enseignants exerçant respectivement dans une école maternelle française et dans une école maternelle sénégalaise. L’auteure s’appuie sur sept entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès des professeurs et directeurs d’école pour étudier leurs représentations au sujet de leur prise en compte de la diversité des élèves dans leur contexte de travail. Quel que soit le pays, trois formes de représentations de l’altérité dans un contexte d’école inclusive ressortent des entretiens.
Le travail d’inclusion en UPE2A : l’exil dans la langue, un point d’appui pour la rencontre avec l’autre
Authors: Pirone Ilaria
Published: September 2021

À l’appui de l’analyse d’entretiens de recherche non-directifs, l’objet de cette contribution est de montrer comment les missions spécifiques des professeurs des écoles référents des Unités pédagogiques pour élèves allophones arrivants (UPE2A) et la rencontre avec ces enfants  nouvellement arrivés  suite à des déplacements forcés et à des périples migratoires propres de notre époque, conduisent les enseignants à un travail particulier sur la question de l’altérité, où la langue devient un enjeu de rencontre et l’exil un point d’appui. Les entretiens font émerger comment très souvent les professionnels, à leur insu, s’appuient sur des expériences intimes d’exil subjectif, c’est-à-dire sur des points d’altérité intime, pour essayer de composer avec cette altérité  extime  que représentent ces élèves, enfants de l’exil. C’est à partir de ce point d’exil que la relation éducative devient un lieu d’hospitalité.
Les enseignants face à l’inquiétante altérité : étude clinique d’un rapport à l’Autre-élève en situation de grande pauvreté
Authors: Gevrey Vincent
Published: September 2021

Cet article s’appuie sur une partie des résultats scientifiques de l’état des lieux d’une recherche mise en place depuis 2019 avec cinq laboratoires et l’association ATD ¼ Monde sur la scolarisation des élèves en situation de grande pauvreté en France. S’appuyant sur des observations réalisées dans une classe de CP ainsi que des verbatim d’entretiens semi-directifs effectués auprès d’élèves et du directeur d’établissement, cet article témoigne d’une problématisation qui a vu le jour au fur-et-à-mesure d’analyses cliniques d’orientation psychanalytique : les situations de grande pauvreté des élèves peuvent être ressenties par les enseignants comme relevant d’une inquiétante altérité, les conduisant vers des pratiques pédagogiques et institutionnelles, des regards et des fantasmes négativement différenciateurs et potentiellement ségrégatifs, rendant les élèves vulnérables dans les situations d’apprentissage. Ainsi les résultats de cet état des lieux montrent que la rencontre des enseignants avec la grande précarité des élèves peut être pensée comme une confrontation avec une altérité susceptible de provoquer un sentiment d’inquiétante étrangeté qui altère les pratiques pédagogiques et éducatives.
Regard sur l’altérité et inclusion scolaire d’élèves en situation de handicap
Authors: Thomas Fanny
Published: September 2021

Cet article est construit autour de la rencontre de son auteure, professeure des écoles, et de deux élèves ayant des difficultés cognitives et scolarisés à la fois dans un dispositif Ulis-école et dans une classe de référence. Au fur et à mesure de son analyse de deux séances d’inclusion de ces élèves dans leur classe ordinaire, Fanny Thomas montre en quoi l’abord de ces enfants par le prisme de la  différence  produit des effets contraires au paradigme inclusif. Elle en déduit alors des principes d’action pédagogique pensés au bénéfice du bien-être et des apprentissages des élèves et de la prise en compte de leurs besoins, qu’elle articule à une réflexion sur l’école inclusive.
Un carnet de voyage pour aller à la rencontre des élèves
Authors: Blanc Virginie
Published: September 2021

Dans cet article, une professeure des écoles et formatrice décrit et analyse un itinéraire de transformation d’un dispositif pédagogique conçu pour aider des élèves de cycle 3 à pleinement investir la production d’écrits. L’auteure montre comment, de par une approche réflexive centrée sur les capacités et les besoins d’apprentissage des élèves et sur le développement de leur propre réflexivité, elle a été amenée à transformer son regard, à la fois sur sa pratique pédagogique et sur les élèves dont elle avait la responsabilité. Le propos se centre en particulier sur le parcours d’apprentissage de deux enfants initialement en difficulté ou en refus de produire un écrit, et sur les transformations pédagogiques qui leur ont permis de dépasser ces obstacles initiaux et de devenir des producteurs de textes, dans le cadre d’un projet de classe collectif dont le fil conducteur était un carnet de voyage.
Handicap ou besoin éducatif particulier, comparaison des usages de ces notions dans huit pays européens en rapport avec l’éducation inclusive
Authors: Mazereau Philippe , Orion Geneviève
Published: September 2021

Dans le contexte international de promotion de principes inclusifs en matière d’éducation, l’article compare, huit pays européens, dans leur mise en œuvre les nouvelles directives en matière de scolarisation des élèves à Besoins éducatifs particuliers (BEP). Dans une démarche de comparaison sociétale (Maurice, 1989) nous tentons d’éclairer deux questions principales. Quelle est l’articulation entre les notions de handicap et de BEP dans les systèmes éducatifs ? Peut-on remarquer des évolutions identiques selon les traditions de séparation ou d’intégration de l’enseignement ordinaire et spécialisé ? À partir de l’analyse des statistiques fournies par l’ European Agency for Special Needs and Inclusive Education  et d’un recueil de données de terrain par questionnaire et entretiens, l’enquête dégage deux orientations quant à la caractérisation des difficultés des élèves. D’un côté les pays qui délimitent strictement les BEP aux situations de handicap médicalement attestées, de l’autre ceux qui raisonnent plus largement en termes de besoins pédagogiques des élèves. Par ailleurs, le traitement des difficultés scolaires et des handicaps au sein des systèmes ordinaires de scolarisation se généralise ce qui déstabilise les enseignants dans les pays à forte tradition d’enseignement spécialisé séparé (Belgique, Suisse, Allemagne, France).
Changes in fatty acid profile of Holothuria forskali muscle following acute mercury exposure
Authors: Rabeh I. , Telahigue K. , Hajji T. , Fouzai C. , El Cafsi M. , Soudani N.
Published: September 2021

The present study aimed to document the interaction between mercury (Hg), as a model chemical stressor to an aquatic organism, and Fatty acid (FA) profile in the longitudinal muscle of the sea cucumber Holothuria forskali. To assess the sensitivity of this species to the toxic effects of Hg, young H. forskali were exposed to gradual doses of Hg (40, 80 and160 µg·L-1) for 96 h. The results showed that following Hg exposure, the FA profile of H. forskali corresponded to an increase in the level of saturated fatty acids, and the decrease in the level of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The most prominent changes in the FA composition were recorded at the lowest dose with noticeable decreases in linoleic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid levels and an increase of docosahexaenoic acid. The occurrence of a state of oxidative stress induced by Hg contamination was evidenced by the enhanced levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxide. Overall, the low concentration of mercury exerted the most obvious effects on lipid metabolism, suggesting that changes in fatty acid composition may be act as an early biomarker to assess mercury toxicity in this ecologically and economically important species.