bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Well Placement Optimization Under Constraints Using Modified Cuckoo Search
Authors: Alghareeb Zeid M. , Walton Sean P. , Williams John R.
Published: June 2014

A new robust metaheuristic optimization method, namely modified cuckoo search (MCS), is presented in this paper. MCS is inspired by breeding behavior of cuckoo birds and combined with Lèvy flight approach to efficiently search for optimal solutions. MCS is coupled with a filtering technique to provide the ability to handle nonlinear constraints. The filter-based MCS is efficient insofar as it provides a bias toward exploration during early generations allowing for global search and then shifts that bias toward exploitation at final generations allowing to search promising areas of the solution. This helps in finding feasible solutions at earlier search stages and consequently improves convergence rate.

Two example cases involving two-dimensional synthetic reservoir models are presented. The first case compares the performance of MCS to that of genetic algorithm (GA) to maximize oil recovery by optimizing the location of four injection wells. It is shown that MCS outperforms GA in terms of the optimal solution as well as the rate of convergence. The second case entails the use of filter-based MCS to maximize NPV under maximum water cut constraint at the production well. The results indicate the superior performance of the filter-based MCS as it was able to quickly find feasible solutions even though all previous initial solutions were infeasible. The incorporation of filtering technique allows to assess the sensitivity of the objective function to the constraint violation. This provides additional insights that can lead to better future planning.
Factors to Consider in Gynecological Surgery
Authors: Mettler Liselotte , Eckmann-Scholz Christel , Semm Isolde , Alkatout Ibrahim
Published: June 2014

Progress is evident in the whole concept of breast cancer treatment and in the assessment of the sentinel node in different cancers of the female in urogynecology, as well as in minimally invasive surgery. In this review we concentrate on the impact of endoscopic surgery. Minimally invasive surgery has evolved in a relatively short period of time to overtake the centuries old visionary and pioneering groundwork of outstanding colleagues in all surgical disciplines. This overview on the development of gynecological surgery highlights past achievements and describes present challenges of endoscopic surgery. It emphasizes future opportunities and possibilities to foster interdisciplinary collaboration and integrate emerging endoscopic, imaging and stereotactic surgical technologies to improve patient safety, enhance quality of care and advance surgical education.
GnRH Agonist Triggers and their Use in Assisted Reproductive Technology: The Past, the Present and the Future
Authors: Atkinson Paul , Koch Juliette , Susic Daniella , Ledger William L
Published: June 2014

Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist triggers are very effective in eliminating early-onset ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). However, in most studies they result in inferior pregnancy rates compared to hCG triggers in fresh autologous transfers. This is not due to an effect on embryo quality but rather due to inadequate corpus luteum formation and a defective luteal phase causing poor implantation. Intensive and adjusted steroid support or low-dose hCG may correct this. Late-onset OHSS is eliminated by using a freeze-all strategy. Pregnancy rates after transfer of thawed vitrified embryos are consistently high. A strategy combining a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist trigger with vitrification of all embryos has been proposed as a means of achieving a truly OHSS-free clinic.
Aspects of Mental Health Care in the Gynecological Setting
Authors: Bryant Christina , Kleinstäuber Maria , Judd Fiona
Published: June 2014

Psychological disorders are commonly associated with gynecological conditions, but are frequently undetected and untreated, and may influence the presentation and treatment outcomes of the physical condition. A literature search was conducted in order to provide a narrative review of psychological aspects of menopause, premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, chronic pelvic pain, incontinence and polycystic ovarian syndrome. All the conditions that have been addressed in this review can be associated with an increased risk of psychological symptoms and disorders. Anxiety and depression are common and are associated with significant morbidity. Gynecological conditions, by their nature, are likely to be accompanied by impairments in social, occupational and personal functioning. Greater emphasis should be placed on the mental health aspects of gynecological conditions.
An Update on the Management of Hematologic Malignancies in Pregnancy
Authors: Lavi Noa , Horowitz Netanel A , Brenner Benjamin
Published: June 2014

Hematological malignancies during pregnancy are rare, which results in the absence of large prospective studies. The diagnosis is often delayed due to the symptom similarity to those of pregnancy and the recommendation to avoid imaging studies during gestation. Management of hematological malignancies during pregnancy poses challenges both to the patient and the medical team, given the therapy-attributable risks for mother and fetus and the need to consider patient's preferences regarding pregnancy continuation. Chemotherapy during the first trimester is associated with an increased risk for fetal demise and congenital malformations, while these risks diminish as pregnancy progresses. We hereby present a review of updated literature on the management of hematologic malignancies (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, acute leukemia, multiple myeloma, chronic myeloid leukemia and myeloproliferative neoplasms) during pregnancy.
Role of Imaging in the Pretreatment Evaluation of Common Gynecological Cancers
Authors: Miccò Maura , Sala Evis , Lakhman Yulia , Hricak Hedvig , Vargas Hebert Alberto
Published: June 2014

Different treatment options are available for patients with gynecological cancers. Imaging plays an important role in assessment of patients with common cancers involving uterine body, cervix and ovaries, from detection to evaluation of the extent of disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight the role of cross-sectional imaging techniques in treatment stratification and overall management of patients with endometrial, cervical and ovarian cancers. Several imaging techniques used are described, including ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), MRI and PET/CT. Specific imaging appearances of the most common uterine, cervical and ovarian cancers are discussed. Imaging findings corresponding to the 2009 revised International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging of gynecologic malignancies are also described. In the multidisciplinary evaluation of patients with gynecologic malignancies, the role of the radiologist has become central for accurate diagnosis and evaluation of extent of disease to achieve better treatment selection and planning.
Temperature-Acclimated Brown Adipose Tissue Modulates Insulin Sensitivity in Humans
Authors: Lee Paul , Smith Sheila , Linderman Joyce , Courville Amber B. , Brychta Robert J. , Dieckmann William , Werner Charlotte D. , Chen Kong Y. , Celi Francesco S.
Published: June 2014

In rodents, brown adipose tissue (BAT) regulates cold- and diet-induced thermogenesis (CIT; DIT). Whether BAT recruitment is reversible and how it impacts on energy metabolism have not been investigated in humans. We examined the effects of temperature acclimation on BAT, energy balance, and substrate metabolism in a prospective crossover study of 4-month duration, consisting of four consecutive blocks of 1-month overnight temperature acclimation (24°C [month 1] → 19°C [month 2] → 24°C [month 3] → 27°C [month 4]) of five healthy men in a temperature-controlled research facility. Sequential monthly acclimation modulated BAT reversibly, boosting and suppressing its abundance and activity in mild cold and warm conditions (P < 0.05), respectively, independent of seasonal fluctuations (P < 0.01). BAT acclimation did not alter CIT but was accompanied by DIT (P < 0.05) and postprandial insulin sensitivity enhancement (P < 0.05), evident only after cold acclimation. Circulating and adipose tissue, but not skeletal muscle, expression levels of leptin and adiponectin displayed reciprocal changes concordant with cold-acclimated insulin sensitization. These results suggest regulatory links between BAT thermal plasticity and glucose metabolism in humans, opening avenues to harnessing BAT for metabolic benefits.
Existence and approximate controllability of Sobolev type fractional stochastic evolution equations
Authors: Mahmudov N.I.
Published: June 2014

We study the existence of mild solutions and the approximate controllability concept for Sobolev type fractional semilinear stochastic evolution equations in Hilbert spaces. We prove existence of a mild solution and give sufficient conditions for the approximate controllability. In particular, we prove that the fractional linear stochastic system is approximately controllable in [0, b] if and only if the corresponding deterministic fractional linear system is approximately controllable in every [s, b], 0 ≤ s < b. An example is provided to illustrate the application of the obtained results.
Controllability, reachability and minimum energy control of fractional discrete-time linear systems with multiple delays in state
Authors: Busłowicz M.
Published: June 2014

In the paper the problems of controllability, reachability and minimum energy control of a fractional discrete-time linear system with delays in state are addressed. A general form of solution of the state equation of the system is given and necessary and sufficient conditions for controllability, reachability and minimum energy control are established. The problems are considered for systems with unbounded and bounded inputs. The considerations are illustrated by numerical examples. Influence of a value of the fractional order on an optimal value of the performance index of the minimum energy control is examined on an example.
Scheduling arbitrary number of malleable tasks on multiprocessor systems
Authors: Barketau M.S. , Kovalyov M.Y. , Węglarz J. , Machowiak M.
Published: June 2014

The problem of scheduling n tasks in a multiprocessor system with m processors to minimize the makespan is studied. Tasks are malleable, which means that a task can be executed by several processors at a time, its processing speed depends on the number of allocated processors, and a set of processors allocated to the same task can change over time. The processing speed of a task is a strictly increasing function of the number of processors allocated to this task. The earlier studies considered the case n ≤ m. This paper presents results for arbitrary n and m including characterizations of a feasible domain and an optimal solution, polynomial time algorithms for strictly increasing convex and concave processing speed functions, and a combinatorial exponential algorithm for arbitrary strictly increasing functions.
Stability analysis of hybrid active power filter
Authors: Buła D. , Pasko M.
Published: June 2014

In the paper the analysis of a three-phase hybrid active power filter stability has been presented. Configuration with a single tuned passive filter was used as an example. However, the analysis can be applied to similar configurations of hybrid filters with closed loop control.

The article presents a model of the analyzed system in the frequency domain. The division of the model into two independent systems, for positive and negative components, allowed to apply the Nyquist criterion for the stability analysis in this case. As a part of the analysis, the effect of delays, control signal filter parameters, and passive filter parameters have been examined. Based on the presented stability analysis, system parameters for the experimental model of a hybrid power filter have been selected. Finally, experimental results confirming the validity of the analysis have been shown.
Formal model of time point-based sequential data for OLAP-like analysis
Authors: Bębel B. , Morzy T. , Królikowski Z. , Wrembel R.
Published: June 2014

Numerous nowadays applications generate huge sets of data, whose natural feature is order, e.g,. sensor installations, RFID devices, workflow systems, Website monitors, health care applications. By analyzing the data and their order dependencies one can acquire new knowledge. However, nowadays commercial BI technologies and research prototypes allow to analyze mostly set oriented data, neglecting their order (sequential) dependencies. Few approaches to analyzing data of sequential nature have been proposed so far and all of them lack a comprehensive data model being able to represent and analyze sequential dependencies. In this paper, we propose a formal model for time point-based sequential data. The main elements of this model include an event and a sequence of events. Measures are associated with events and sequences. Measures are analyzed in the context set up by dimensions in an OLAP-like manner by means of the set of operations. The operations in our model are categorized as: operations on sequences, on dimensions, general operations, and analytical functions.
Increase of efficiency of SI engine through the implementation of thermodynamic cycle with additional expansion
Authors: Noga M. , Sendyka B.
Published: June 2014

The paper presents the theoretical basis and practical implementation of the concept of a five-stroke cycle where an additional expansion of the working medium is achieved in a separate cylinder. The work, carried out at the Cracow University of Technology, constitutes a development of the idea of five-stroke engine. This paper proposes a new theoretical thermodynamic cycle that describes the processes occurring in a five-stroke engine. It has been taken into consideration that the expansion ratio of the engine is twice the compression ratio. At the next step an analysis of the thermodynamic cycle with particular emphasis on its thermal efficiency compared to efficiency of four-stroke engine has been shown. In the second part of the article selected research results of the five-stroke engine built based on the existing four-cylinder spark ignition engine have been presented. A comparison of the total efficiency obtained by the engine in the four- and five-stroke version has been provided. Similar comparisons for specific emission of the selected exhaust components have also been given.
The onset of thermal convection in couple-stress fluid in hydromagnetics saturating a porous medium
Authors: Rana Gian C.
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the effect of magnetic field on thermal convection in couple-stress fluid saturating a porous medium is considered. By applying linear stability theory and the normal mode analysis method, a mathematical theorem is derived which states that the viscoelastic thermal convection at marginal state, cannot manifest as stationary convection if the thermal Rayleigh number R, the medium permeability parameter Pι the couple-stress parameter F and the Chandrasekher number Q, satisfy the inequality

the result clearly establishes the stabilizing character of couple-stress parameter and magnetic field whereas destabilizing character of medium permeability.
A simplified control strategy for single-phase UPS inverters
Authors: Monfared M.
Published: June 2014

Though there are many strategies to control single-phase uninterruptible power supply (UPS) inverters, they suffer from some drawbacks, the main being complexity. This paper proposes a simple dual-loop controller for the single-phase UPS inverter with the LC filter. The suggested control scheme uses the capacitor current as the feedback signal in the inner current loop. No fictitious phase generation or reference frame transformations are required, and simple proportional gains are employed as both voltage and current regulators. A feedforward of the derivative of the output voltage is also proposed, which significantly improves the performance of the closed loop control system. Then, based on the model of the inverter with the proposed control strategy, a simple and systematic design procedure is presented. Finally, the theoretical achievements are supported by extensive simulations.
Active glasses as the luminescent sources of radiation for sensor applications
Authors: Żmojda J. , Dorosz D. , Kochanowicz M. , Dorosz J.
Published: June 2014

The article presents physicochemical, thermal and spectroscopic properties of two different glass systems: TeO2-GeO2-PbO-PbF2- BaO-Nb2O5-LaF3 and SiO2-Al2O3-Sb2O3, co-doped with Yb3+/Tm3+ ions. Blue upconversion luminescence at a wavelength of 478 nm corresponding to the thulium 1G4 ⇥3H6 transition was observed under 976 nm pump radiation in both of the co-doped glasses. This indicated the existence of efficient Yb3+ ⇥ Tm3+ energy transfer via three-photon absorption mechanism. Thermal and optical results substantiate the claim for practical applicability of the manufactured glasses in design of optical fiber sources.
NS1 gene based molecular characteristics of Aleutian mink disease virus circulating in Poland
Authors: Reichert Michał , Kostro Krzysztof
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study was to characterise the genetic variability of the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) circulating among mink farmed in Poland and to compare Polish isolates with AMDV variants available in the GenBank database. For this purpose PCR amplification and analysis of the 429 bp DNA fragment of the AMDV NS1 gene from 13 randomly selected AMDV infected mink was performed. A comparison showed that all tested amplicons were closely related to the sequence of the NS1 gene of AMDV and showed high (94%-97%) homology to virus variants from American mink (Neovison vison) isolated in Canada in 2007-2008. Eleven samples showing a high percentage (95%-97%) of sequence similarity together with three similar isolates originating from Canada formed one clade (monophyletic group). Two variants showing a lower percentage (about 94%- 95%) of sequence similarity to isolates from Canada formed a separate clade. Polish viruses can be subdivided into two main groups with a putative ancestor common to both Polish and three Canadian isolates. This result confirms the literature data indicating the occurrence of American mink in Eastern Europe (including Poland) from the 1950s when the animals were imported for breeding purposes. In conclusion, we provide for the first time a report on the genetic characteristics of the AMDV variants circulating in the Polish population of farmed mink and their relationship with previously known AMDV variants isolated and described abroad.
Histopathological and cytopathological findings in minipigs infected with Streptococcus suis serotype 2
Authors: Xie Chun , Hou Yi-Xuan , Zhao Yu-Ting , Cai Xue-Hui , Li Cai-Ying , Li Pei-Feng , Li Yun-Zhang , Su Xue , Yue Xiu-Wei , Wang Shu-Jie , Liu Yong-Gang , Yang Wei-Jun , Yuan Cong-Li , Cu Li , Hua Xiu-Guo , Yang Zhi-Biao
Published: June 2014

Five pathogen-free miniature pigs (minipigs) were infected with the virulent strain SH08 of Streptococcus suis 2 (SS2) by intramuscular injection. The pigs died consecutively within 72 h after the challenge. An additional five non-infected pigs were euthanised and used as controls. Microstructural observations showed that degeneration, bleeding, congestion, cellular necrosis, and an increase in inflammatory cells were present in all organs and tissues except the brain. Ultrastructural observations revealed mitochondrial vacuolation and malformed or missing cristae, indicating that infection of minipigs with strain SH08 of SS2 can lead to extensive lesions in major internal organs and tissues. The findings also demonstrated that the minipig is a useful model for the study of SS2 infection.
Comparative identification of Candida species isolated from animals using phenotypic and PCR-RFLP methods
Authors: Nadăş George Cosmin , Kalmár Zsuzsa , Taulescu Marian Aurel , Chirilă Flore , Bouari Cosmina Maria , Răpuntean Sorin , Bolfa Pompei , Fiţ Nicodim Iosif
Published: June 2014

The aim of this study was to identify 58 Candida sp. strains isolated from animals using the Chromatic Candida test, the API 20 C AUX system, and polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The Chromatic Candida test was able to identify only C. albicans and C. krusei. The API 20 C AUX system and PCR-RFLP had similar specificity for the identification of Candida strains. In case of both methods, Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species - 22 (37.93%) strains, followed by Candida krusei - 17 (29.31%) strains, Candida famata - 10 (17.24%) strains, Candida parapsilosis - five (8.62%) strains, and Candida kefyr - four (6.89%) strains. PCR-RFLP represents a reliable, quick and relatively inexpensive genotyping method, recommended for rapid identification of Candida spp.
Hygiene assessment of sheep slaughter cycle
Authors: Pyz-Łukasik Renata , Paszkiewicz Waldemar
Published: June 2014

The purpose of the study was to determine microbial contamination of mutton carcass surface with regard to the number of the slaughtered animals. The total bacterial load and Enterobacteriaceae and enterococci counts were determined. Sampling for microbiological analysis as well as detection and enumeration of each microorganism group were performed according to the Polish Standards. No significant effect of the order of the slaughtering animals during the slaughter day on total bacterial count on mutton carcass surfaces was found. The overall bacterial contamination of mutton carcasses were between 1.0 × 103 cfu/cm2 (3.0 log - stage I) and 2.5 × 103 cfu/cm2 (3.4 log - stage III). No significant difference among the slaughter cycles, as indicated by total microbial numbers was observed. The obtained daily mean log values ranged from 4.7 × 102 (2.67 log) and 7.6 × 103 (3.88 log) cfu/cm2. The daily log mean values were lower than the maximal bacteria count (M) set out for hygiene standard of sheep slaughter process by the Commission Regulation 2073/2005. Bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family were recovered from 21 (65.6%) samples while enterococci were identified in 28 (87.5%) samples. In most cases, significant differences in the level of contamination with bacteria isolated from the carcasses at each stage of a daily slaughter cycle, were not observed. At stage III, significantly higher levels of bacterial contamination (0.86 and 1.31 log cfu/cm2 respectively) were established as compared to stage I (0.37 and 0.58 log cfu/cm2 respectively). There were no Salmonella-positive samples determined. Importantly, the number of slaughtered animals during a slaughter day did not influence bacterial contamination on carcass surface if the successful application of HACCP control system was combined with the implementation of optimal sanitary supervision.
Determination of illegal dyes in eggs by liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Piątkowska Marta , Jedziniak Piotr , Żmudzki Jan
Published: June 2014

A multiresidue method for simultaneous determination of 10 dyes unauthorised for the use in laying hens was developed (Sudan I, Sudan II, Sudan III, Sudan IV, Sudan Red G, Sudan Orange G, Sudan Red 7B, Para-Red, Toluidine Red, Citrus Red). The dyes were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile in the presence of anhydrous sodium sulphate, and cleaned using zirconium coated silica cartridges. After dilution with acetonitrile saturated with hexane:DMSO (8:2), samples were analysed using LC-MS/MS system with acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid (B) as a mobile phase in a gradient mode and C18 analytical column. The method was validated according to the requirements described in the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC: linearity (r ≥ 0.998), precision: repeatability (1.94%-10.02%), and within-laboratory reproducibility (4.66%-8.89%), recovery (97%-105%), decision limit CCα (5.33-6.50 μg/kg), and detection capability CCβ (6.18-7.50 μg/kg) were calculated. The developed method fulfilled all performance criteria and can be used in the official survey of dyes residues in food of animal origin.
Hepatic stellate cells in the liver of dogs with steroid-induced hepatopathy
Authors: Sobczak-Filipiak Małgorzata , Szarek Józef , Czopowicz Michał , Mieczkowska Joanna , Lechowski Roman
Published: June 2014

Morphological lesions in hepatic stellate cells caused by the immunosuppressive doses of dexamethasone were investigated in dogs. The archival samples of liver collected during a surgical biopsy were examined. The samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin or Carnoy’s solution and then stained with routine histochemical methods. The lesions were also investigated under electron microscope. It was demonstrated that the number of stellate cells significantly increased (P = 0.0277), yet the size of cytoplasmic lipid droplets significantly decreased (P = 0.0001). Even though steroid-induced hepatopathy is considered to be a reversible pathology, and the lesions in hepatocytes under the influence of dexamethasone occur in a short period, it was found that hepatic stellate cells proliferated and underwent activation. This resulted in collagen accumulation in the hepatic sinuses. The functional and morphological disturbances in the canine liver in the course of steroid-induced hepatopathy are initially subclinical, but the changes in the structure and function of hepatic stellate cells may become a cause of lesions in the wall of hepatic sinusoidal vessels, which may induce additional functional pathologies unrelated to the damage to hepatocytes.
Effect of thermal stress on physiological and blood parameters in merino sheep
Authors: Wojtas Krzysztof , Cwynar Przemysław , Kołacz Roman
Published: June 2014

Fifteen sheep where placed in climatic chamber and exposed to a high temperature (30°C). Then, the air movement was induced in order to examine its soothing effect on heat stress. The physiological reactions like respiratory and heart rates, as well as the morphologic, biochemical parameters and cortisol levels in blood were examined. It was found that under heat stress conditions, the respiratory rate increased up to 96.43 breaths/min, heart rate up to 107.79 beats/min, and white blood cells count decreased to 9.12 k/μL. The increased level of potassium, chlorine, and calcium was also observed. The increased air movement resulted in thermal stress soothing. A decrease in respiratory rate, heart rate, and cortisol concentration was observed. The study demonstrated that heat stress leads to serious changes in physiological and blood parameters in sheep but this effect can be minimised by air movement.
Red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) lectin stimulation increases the number of enterochromaffin cells in the small intestine of suckling piglets
Authors: Zacharko-Siembida Anna , Piedra Jose Luis Valverde , Strzałka Bolesław , Arciszewski Marcin Bartłomiej
Published: June 2014

The quantities and distribution patterns of serotonin-immunoreactive (serotonin-IR) enterochromaffin cells (EC) were studied immunohistochemically in the small intestine of suckling piglets stimulated with red kidney bean lectin, and in nonstimulated, control animals. The co-expression patterns of serotonin with somatostatin (SOM) or corticotropin releasing-factor (CRF) were also studied. After the lectin treatment, the increased numbers of EC were noted in the duodenum of experimental animals. Lectin stimulation did not change the proportions of EC in the jejunum and ileum. In the duodenal epithelium of the lectin-stimulated piglets, the vast majority of serotonin-IR EC were distributed at the basis of crypts. After the lectin administration, the proportions of serotonin-IR/SOM-IR EC were statistically similar in all sections of the small intestine. No upregulation of CRF was found in duodenal, jejunal, and ileal EC of lectin-treated animals. The findings demonstrated that red kidney bean lectin increased the serotonin reservoir in the duodenum, and thus may be an effective stimulant of the gut maturation in suckling mammals.
The presence of pamidronate in bone cement affects serum biochemical markers in the rat
Authors: Matuszewski Łukasz , Matuszewska Anna , Jaszek Magdalena , Stefaniuk Dawid , Grzywnowicz Krzysztof , Mazurkiewicz Tomasz , Polkowska Izabela
Published: June 2014

The main aim of the study was to assess whether the presence of biphosphate pamidronate (PA) in the cement implanted into the tibial bones had any effect on the chosen biochemical markers in rat’s serum characterising homeostasis. Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into two control groups and two experimental groups. Tibial bone of rats in the experimental groups was implanted with PA-enriched cement, whereas the bone in control-group’s rats was implanted with cement without PA. Serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatine kinase (CK) were determined three and six weeks after the surgery. Statistically significant differences in the activities of AST and CK of the rats after implantation with non-enriched cement when compared to rats given PA-enriched cement implantation, were found. Six weeks after treatment, AST levels decreased significantly in rats with PA-enriched cement, whereas rats in the control group (implanted with non-enriched cement) demonstrated a significant increase in AST activity in comparison to the same values determined after three weeks and values of PA-enriched cement rats determined after six weeks. The activities of CK were higher in rats with PA-enriched implants than in the control group three weeks after surgery, but six weeks after the treatment, rats implanted with enriched cement reached lower values than animals implanted with non-enriched cement. The use of PA in the cement had also some positive effect on the homeostasis of the rats after the surgery and a positive influence on the post operative muscle regeneration process.
Determination of histamine in fresh and smoked fish commercially available in Poland
Authors: Pawul-Gruba Marzena , Michalski Mirosław , Osek Jacek
Published: June 2014

The high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection was used for the study. The histamine was detected in 14.6% and 17.8% of the samples of fresh and smoked fish respectively. The highest concentrations of the compound were found in smoked herring and smoked sprat (17.7 mg/kg and 24.1 mg/kg respectively). Histamine concentration in fresh and smoked fish did not exceed the allowable limit, indicating that they are safe for consumers.
Development of pulmonary oxygen toxicity in rats after hyperoxic exposure
Authors: Siermontowski Piotr , Pedrycz Agnieszka , Konarski Maciej , Kaczerska Dorota , Damme-Ostapowicz Katarzyna van , Olszański Romuald , Boratyński Zbigniew
Published: June 2014

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of hyperbaric oxygen on lung aeration on an animal experimental model and compare the obtained results with the anticipated scope of damage to pulmonary parenchyma in humans under the same exposure conditions. The research was carried out on Black Hood rats that were kept in a hyperbaric chamber designed for animals in an atmosphere of pure oxygen and at overpressures of 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 MPa for 1, 2 or 4 h. After sacrificing the animals, histopathological specimens were obtained encompassing cross-sections of entire lungs, which were subjected to qualitative and quantitative examination with the use of the 121-point Haug grid. A statistically significant decrease in pulmonary parenchyma was observed as a result of an increasing oxygen partial pressure as well as with prolonged exposure time. The intensification of changes observed was much higher than expected on the basis of calculations performed with the use of tables.
Biophysical parameters of rats’ skin after the administration of methimazole
Authors: Gołyński Marcin , Szczepanik Marcin , Lutnicki Krzysztof , Adamek Łukasz , Gołyńska Magdalena , Wilkołek Piotr , Sitkowski Wiesław , Kurek Łukasz , Dębiak Piotr
Published: June 2014

The paper describes the influence of oral administration of methimazole on biophysical skin parameters. Wistar rats of different sex (220-260 g) were used in the experiment. Biophysical skin parameters, such as transepidermal water loss (TEWL), corneometry, and pH were examined at seven-day intervals. Significant changes in the parameters were observed on the 7th d of methimazole administration. The changes were observed in both sex but males appeared to be less sensitive in that respect. Changes in the parameters in the females showed rapid mechanisms, which normalised transepidermal water loss and skin hydration, as well as restored skin barrier functions. TEWL, skin hydration, and skin pH measurements allow an early assessment of skin barrier dysfunction after administration of this drug.
Alkali activation of fresh and deposited black coal fly ash with high loss on ignition
Authors: Sisol Martin , Drabová Miroslava , Mosej Juraj
Published: June 2014

Streszczenie

Elektrownie i elektrociepłownie stosujące węgiel jako paliwo mają istotne znaczenie jako źródła energii, choć z drugiej strony wytwarzają duże ilości popiołów lotnych ze spalania węgli. Tylko mała część tych popiołów jest użytkowana jako surowce odpadowe. Zazwyczaj popioły lotne są depo- nowane w osadnikach, co stwarza poważne zagrożenie środowiskowe. Możliwości zagospodarowania popiołów lotnych stwarza przede wszystkim przemysł materiałów budowlanych; tym niemniej użyt- kowanie popiołów lotnych z podwyższoną zawartością niespalonych cząstek węgla, co wyraża się wartością straty prażenia, jest ograniczone do popiołów wykazujących stratę prażenia 2-5% zgodnie z europejską normą EN 206-1. Dlatego też popioły lotne z wysoką zawartością niespalonych cząstek węgla są deponowane w osadnikach. Depozycja popiołów lotnych, biorąc pod uwagę także czynniki egzogeniczne i biogeniczne, powoduje zmiany składu chemicznego i fazowego popiołów, co powo- duje, że możliwości ich późniejszego wykorzystaniajako surowce odpadowe,jeszcze bardziej maleją.

Obecnie, jedyną możliwością użytkowania popiołów lotnych wykazujących wysoką stratę prażenia, jest synteza geopolimerów. Te nowe materiały nieorganiczne są otrzymywane w wyniku reakcji nie- organicznej polikondensacj i glinokrzemianów z krzemianem sodu w środowisku wysoce alkalicznym.

Praca zajmuje się produkcją spoiw geopolimerowych otrzymywanych w wyniku aktywacji alka- licznej popiołów lotnych pochodzących z bieżącej działalności oraz ze zwałowiska. Popioły lotne pochodzą ze spalania węgla kamiennego w kotłach pyłowych, wykazując wysoką zawartość niespa- lonych cząstek węgla. Wartość straty prażenia w tych popiołach przekracza 20%. Są one aktywowane alkalicznie roztworami wodorotlenku sodowego i szkła wodnego. Analizowano zależność wytrzy- małości na ściskanie syntetyzowanych geopolimerów od stosunku SiO2/Na2O, zawartości Na2O i zawartości wody. Wytrzymałość na ściskanie aktywowanych alkalicznie popiołów lotnych de- ponowanych (DPA) i z bieżącej działalności (FFA) wynosi odpowiednio 39,8 MPa i 46,8 MPa po 7 dniach i wzrasta z czasem.
Phosphorus Content in Deposits of Zofiówka Monocline (Sw Part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin)
Authors: Marcisz Marek
Published: June 2014

Streszczenie

Przeprowadzono charakterystykę zmienności zawartości fosforu w 29 pokładach węgla kamien- nego złóż Pniówek i Zofiówka, występujących na monoklinie Zofiówki. Dokonano tego na podstawie utworzonej cyfrowej bazy danych obejmującej 2730 próbek, spośród których w 1674 oznaczono zawartość tego pierwiastka. Przeprowadzono podstawowe analizy statystyczne, za pomocą których określono m.in. liczbę próbek, w któiych oznaczono zawartość fosforu w poszczególnych pokładach, a także minimalną, maksymalną oraz średnią zawartość tego pierwiastka w danym pokładzie. Prześledzono zmiany zawartości fosforu w układzie horyzontalnym (w dwóch kierunkach: E-W oraz N-S) i wertykalnym (wraz z głębokością). Wykreślono także mapy izolinii zawartości fosforu we wszystkich badanych pokładach węgla. Wyniki badań wykazały, że zawartość fosforu w badanych pokładach złóż monokliny Zofiówki zmienia się w szerokim zakresie od 0,001 do 0,550% Pa (śr. 0,064%). Występuje w nich zatem węgiel o stosunkowo wysokiej - niekorzystnej przy produkcji koksu - zawartości fosforu. Najniższymi zawartościami tego parametru odznaczają się pokłady 417/1, 418/1-2, 502/1 oraz 505/1, najwyższymi natomiast -362/1 i 406/1. Nie wykazano żadnej ogólnej tendencji zmian zawartości fosforu. W każdym z pokładów obserwuje się odmienny charakter tych zmian. Nie stwierdzono także żadnego powiązania z przynależnością stratygraficzną.
Planning and Environmetal Conditions for Protection of the Area of Documented Brown Coal Deposits in the Dolnoslaskie Voivodeship
Authors: Blachowski Jan
Published: June 2014

STRESZCZENIE

Konieczność wyznaczenia obszarów funkcjonalnych strategicznych złóż kopalin i ich uwzględ- nienia w planach zagospodarowania przestrzennego, wynikająca z dokumentów rządowych takich jak KPZK2030 powoduje, że niezbędne staje się opracowanie kryteriów delimitacji takich obszarów oraz związane z tym przeprowadzenie analizy uwarunkowań w obszarach udokumentowanych złóż węgla brunatnego, uwzględniających pełen zakres kryteriów (geologicznych, górniczych, przestrzennych, środowiskowych, społecznych oraz gospodarczych i innych) z zastosowaniem metody, która charak- teryzowałaby się jak największym obiektywizmem ich oceny. W pracy zaproponowano wykorzys- tanie metodyki opartej na wielokryterialnej analizie hierarchicznej (Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP) w celu określenia istotności uwarunkowań środowiskowych i planistycznych w generowaniu konfliktów z ochroną i potencjalną eksploatacją złóż węgla brunatnego. W szczególności w celu wskazania uwarunkowań i obszarów najbardziej i najmniej konfliktowych w granicach udoku- mentowanych złóż. Badania, poprzedzone charakterystyką uwarunkowań środowiskowych, analizą ustaleń studiów uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gmin oraz pokrycia obszarów złóż miejscowymi planami zagospodarowania przestrzennego wykonano na przykładzie dolnośląskich złóż węgla brunatnego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem złoża Legnica. Stwierdzono, że do najistotniejszych uwarunkowań środowiskowych i planistycznych ograniczających możliwość ochrony i eksploatacji złóż węgla brunatnego należą przyrodnicze obszary chronione (waga 0,19), zabytki kultury (waga 0,14), obszary zabudowane (waga 0,09) oraz wody podziemne i powierz- chniowe (wagi po ok. 0,09). Rezultaty te mogą posłużyć do wyznaczenia obszarów charaktery- zujących się największą (współwystępowanie różnych i najistotniejszych form przeznaczenia terenu) i najmniejszą konfliktowością, a przez to do wspomagania prowadzenia zrównoważonej polityki przestrzennej na wszystkich poziomach administracji publicznej.
The Occurrence of Tellurium and Bismuth in the Gold-Bearing Polymetallic Sulfide Ores in the Sudetes (Sw Poland)
Authors: Mikulski Stanisław Z.
Published: June 2014

Streszczenie

W artykule szczegółowo scharakteryzowano pod względem mineralogicznym i geochemicznym występowanie telluru i bizmutu w złotonośnych siarczkowych rudach polimctalicznych z zarzu- conych złóż (Złoty Stok, Czarnów, Radzimowicc i Radomicc) oraz punktu mineralizacji (Bardo Śląskie) w Sudetach. Tellur jest zaliczany do pierwiastków krytycznych, a jego rola stale wzrasta. Na rynkach światowych popyt na tellur znacznie przewyższa jego podaż zc względu na coraz większe wykorzystanie np. w produkcji paneli słonecznych czy nośników informacji. Maksymalne kon- centracje telluru około 150 ppm stwierdzono w rudach arscnopirytowo-chalkopirytowych w Ra- dzimowicach, a najwyższe koncentracje bizmutu (ok. 0,5%) w rudach siarczkowych w Czarnowie. W pozostałych obszarach koncentracje Tc są na poziomic od kilku do kilkudziesięciu ppm, a w przy- padku Bi od kilkudziesięciu do kilkuset ppm. Zawartości tc znacznie przewyższają klarki tych metali w skorupie ziemskiej. Wśród zidentyfikowanych minerałów telluru w Radzimowicach i Czarnowie dominują tcllurki Ag (hessyt) oraz w Bardzie Śląskim tcllurki Bi (hcdlcyit i tcllurobismutyt). Tcllurki występują głównie w postaci mikro-wrostków w minerałach siarczkowych w paragcnczic z mi- nerałami Au, Ag i Bi. Minerały bizmutu rozpoznano we wszystkich zbadanych miejscach i re- prezentowane są głównie przez bizmut rodzimy i wtórny minerał bizmutu -bismutynit. Tellur i bizmut wykazują przeważnie silną korelacje (cc>0,6) z Au, Ag i Pb. Krystalizacja głównych minerałów Bi i Tc nastąpiła w zakresie temperatur średnich (300 to 200°C) w dwóch etapach. Pierwszy związany głównie z krystalizacją tcllurków Bi w strefach kontaktowo-mctasomatycznych wokół waryscyjskich intmzji granitoidowych (Czarnów i Bardo Śląskie) i drugi - związany z krystalizacją tcllurków Ag w procesach cpitcrmalnych wokół intruzji porfirowych (Radzimowicc). Bi i Tc odgrywały donośną rolę w procesie wytrącania złota z roztworów hydrotcrmalnych. Pierwiastki tc mają znaczenie mctalogcnicznc i wskaźnikowe przy poszukiwaniach złota.
Empty Categories in the Hindi-Urdu binaa Participle Clause
Authors: Davison Alice
Published: June 2014

Hindi-Urdu has an oblique participle construction meaning ‘without’, which resembles a parasitic gap construction in other languages. These other languages, like English, have obligatory movement to the left which is a condition on a parasitic gap, as in wh- question sentences. But in Hindi-Urdu, questions do not require leftward movement, allowing the question word to stay in situ. In addition, this participle is possible with statements as well, suggesting that Hindi-Urdu does not have parasitic gaps or obligatory A ’ movement. T his paper explores the actual nature of this participle, concluding that it has a PRO subject and null pronoun object.
Lexical Anaphors and Pronouns in Liangmai
Authors: Everaert Martin , Subbārāo Kārumūri V. , Mataina Wichamdinbo
Published: June 2014

This paper discusses some aspects of the behavior of anaphors and pronouns in Liangmai, belonging to the Tibeto-Burman language family. W e show that Liangmai offers a unique combination of “reflexivization strategies”. Like other languages it exhibits the strategy of reflexivizing the predicate by reduplication of an anaphoric element, but it simultaneously marks the predicate with a self-element. Two more properties of anaphoric properties of Liangmai are interesting from a cross-linguistic perspective. It shows cases of “swapping” - reordering of differently case-marked elements within the complex anaphor - and long-distance binding - allowing an anaphoric element to refer to an element that is not a co-argument.
Prenominal Participial Phrases in Marathi, the Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy, and Picture Nouns
Authors: Hook Peter Edwin , Pardeshi Prashant
Published: June 2014

An introduction to Keenan and Comrie’s NPAH (noun phrase accessibility hierarchy) is followed by data showing to what extent Marathi’s PPP s (prenominal participial phrases) do and do not conform to it. The range of constructional variety inside a PPP is shown to be related to the tightness or looseness of the relation of the predicate inside the PPP to the nulled element. Examples are presented of the puzzling absence of Agent and Experiencer noun phrases inside PPP s. The paper ends with examples and discussion of the mismatch or transfer of PPP modifiers away from the NP denoting the ‘imagee’ or entity depicted in an image to the NP denoting the image itself.
Evidentiality in Hindi: A Typological View
Authors: Sigorskiy Alexander A.
Published: June 2014

Evidentiality in a broad sense, including reported evidentials, inferentials, miratives, quotatives and delocutives in Hindi is represented by evidential strategies or non-grammaticalized modes of expression of evidential semantics merged with some other grammatical categories. Hindi evidentials are represented morphologically (inferentials marked by moods), syntactically (mirativity) and lexically (delocutives).
Evolution of Stative Participles in Pahari
Authors: Stroński Krzysztof
Published: June 2014

The point of departure for the present paper is the status of the bare participial form as inherited from MIA (Middle Indo-Aryan) by early NIA (New Indo-Aryan) with its stative force. It is a very well known phenomenon in the contemporary IA languages that the past participle can be extended by a past participle form based of the verb to be (e.g. MSH - Modern Standard Hindi - huā). It is also noticeable that not all NIA languages allow such extension and that several languages developed further, and reinterpreted the extended forms. The aim of the present paper will be to demonstrate how the stative participles developed in two branches of IA, namely Eastern and Western Pahari.1 The data for this preliminary research has been excerpted from Western Pahari inscriptions (Chhabra 1957), Eastern Pahari inscriptions (Pokharel 1974; Cauhān 2008; Joshi 2009), reference grammars and folk texts
Sanskrit and Pāli Influence on Languages and Literatures of Ancient Java and Burma
Authors: Zakharyin Boris
Published: June 2014

This paper describes the linguistic and cultural influence of India on the countries of Indo-China in the 5th to 15th centuries A D. It is shown that India’s penetration into South-East Asia took the forms of Late Brahmanism ~ Early Hinduism and of Buddhism. Indian settlers were promoting different variants of Sanskrit written culture in Java. Differences between culturally dominant Sanskrit, the language of the Indian migrants, and the orally used Austronesian languages of Java were great; as a result of interaction between the two there appeared highly Sanskritized versions of Old Western Javanese (Kavi) and later also of Old Balinese. Between the 7th and 15th centuries a great number of literary texts in Kavi were created in Java. The influx of Indian culture into ancient Burma, realized mostly by the land-route and only partially by sea, implied two main waves differing linguistically: the Sanskrit-bound wave and the P āli-bound one. Under the influence of Sanskrit and numerous texts in Sanskrit a Mon script based on the Indian brāhmī was developed in Upper Burma in the 9th century; later on it became the national system of writing, in use even today. The starting point for the history of Pāli epigraphy and literature in Burma was 1058 AD when Theravāda Buddhism was proclaimed the state religion of the Pagan kingdom. In the 11th to 15th centuries a great number of works in different fields of knowledge appeared in Burma. T he language used in them was a creolized Pāli/Burmese resulting from the intensive linguistic interaction between Pāli and Sanskrit on one hand and the vernaculars on the other. The most important stages in the development of this language and of literary activity in it are characterized.
Do individual wisdom concepts depend on value?
Authors: Kałużna-Wielobób Alina
Published: June 2014

Psychological wisdom concepts were reviewed. 304 people aged 18-85 were tested with use of a questionnaire aimed at learning individual (popular) wisdom concepts. Popular wisdom concepts take into account broad declarative and procedural knowledge, life experience of a person and the features of his/her character. Explicitly, under a half of respondents take the following wisdom criteria into account (also acknowledged by the psychological concepts): balancing own profits with concern for others and relation to existential problems, such as sense and direction of life. The respondents lack the consciousness that wisdom is associated with: acting for common (global) good, deep and conscious reflection of value system (consciousness of subjective value system relativity, reflecting on the issue of objective values), the consciousness of limited nature of knowledge and logical thinking and developing relativistic and dialectic thinking. 5 clusters were differentiated, representing popular wisdom concept types. In order to verify the hypothesis about the connection between popular wisdom concepts and the value system of the research participants, value questionnaires were used: Scheler’s (SWS) and Schwarz’s Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ). The hypothesis was confirmed. Popular wisdom concepts (what people consider to be wisdom) are connected with values appreciated by them.