bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The iron chelator deferriferrichrysin induces paraptosis via extracellular signal‐related kinase activation in cancer cells
Authors: Kinoshita Natsuki , Gessho Masaya , Torii Takeru , Ashida Yukako , Akamatsu Minori , Guo Alvin Kunyao , Lee Sunmin , Katsuno Tatsuya , Nakajima Wataru , Budirahardja Yemima , Miyoshi Daisuke , Todokoro Takehiko , Ishida Hiroki , Nishikata Takahito , Kawauchi Keiko
Published: June 2023

Cancer cells generally exhibit increased iron uptake, which contributes to their abnormal growth and metastatic ability. Iron chelators have thus recently attracted attention as potential anticancer agents. Here, we show that deferriferrichrysin (Dfcy), a natural product from Aspergillus oryzae acts as an iron chelator to induce paraptosis (a programmed cell death pathway characterized by ER dilation) in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells and H1299 human lung cancer cells. We first examined the anticancer efficacy of Dfcy in cancer cells and found that Dfcy induced ER dilation and reduced the number of viable cells. Extracellular signal‐related kinase (ERK) was activated by Dfcy treatment, and the MEK inhibitor U0126, a small molecule commonly used to inhibit ERK activity, prevented the increase in ER dilation in Dfcy‐treated cells. Concomitantly, the decrease in the number of viable cells upon treatment with Dfcy was attenuated by U0126. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the iron chelator Dfcy exhibits anticancer effects via induction of ERK‐dependent paraptosis.
Preparation of h‐BN microspheres for nanocomposites with high through‐plane thermal conductivity
Authors: Mun Hyung Jin , Park Ji Young , Lim Minseob , Cho Hong‐Baek , Choa Yong‐Ho
Published: June 2023

In recent times, electronics have been increasingly minimized, and hence, heat dissipation has become essential. Owing to its high thermal conductivity and superior electrical insulation, hexagonal‐boron nitride (h‐BN) has been regarded as an appropriate ceramic material to increase the thermal conductivity of polymer nanocomposites for effective heat dissipation. However, the poor through‐plane thermal conductivity of h‐BN severely restricts its practical uses, and it is favorable for heat to radiates in the in‐plane direction. In this study, densified spherical h‐BN (sph‐BN) microspheres, composed of as‐synthesized nano‐sized h‐BN (nano‐BN), were manufactured by a spray‐drying process with variations in organic and/or inorganic binders followed by sintering. After incorporating various sph‐BN particles as fillers into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the through‐plane thermal conductivity of composites embedded with sph‐BN, assisted by a sodium silicate binder, enhanced the highest through‐plane and in‐plane thermal conductivities. The composites exhibited high thermal isotropy (through‐plane thermal conductivity/in‐plane thermal conductivity: ) of 0.77. The out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity of the composites was remarkably enhanced by over 2000% compared with pristine PDMS, which can be attributed to the synergy combined with the synthesis of the densified spherical BN initiated by nano‐BN, sintering, and the application of inorganic binders. This study proposes a simple method to prepare polymer composites with h‐BN that exhibit high through‐plane thermal conductivity and are promising materials for heat removal in electronics.
Unveiling the amorphization of sodalite topology zeolitic imidazolate frameworks and zeolites by pressure and stress
Authors: Li Neng , Shi Zuhao , Zhai Shiming , Zhou Naigen , Zhang Peng , Arramel Arramel , Bennett Thomas Douglas , Yue Yuanzheng
Published: June 2023

As a flexible porous material, the amorphous behavior of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) has garnered considerable interest. However, the association between its strain behavior and topology has not yet been exhaustively studied computationally. We perform molecular dynamic simulations on both ZIF‐8 and its topological silicate isomer sodalite (SOD) to investigate the pressure‐induced development of the mid‐ and short‐range structures. We find that both ZIF‐8 and SOD undergo two successive transformations. The first is the amorphization process, which is characterized by the breakdown of the mid‐range structure without a significant change in the elastic modulus. The other type of densification involves a change in the short‐range structure, during which the mechanical properties are improved as the short‐range disorder increases.
miR‐138‐5p targets MCU to inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis and colorectal cancer growth
Authors: Zhu Jianjun , Zhang Chunle , Wang Zhengjie , Shi Lihong , Li Li , Wu Hao , Liu Ming
Published: June 2023

miR‐138‐5p has been identified as a novel cancer‐related miRNA molecule in a variety of malignancies. However, the functions and mechanisms underlying miR‐138‐5p in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains largely unknown. In the present study, we analysed the biological effects and clinical significance of miR‐138‐5p in CRC. miR‐138‐5p expression was analysed by quantitative real‐time PCR in CRC tissues and cell lines. The effects of miR‐138‐5p on CRC cell growth was detected by cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis assays in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that miR‐138‐5p was significantly downregulated in CRC. Downregulated miR‐138‐5p was related with poor prognosis in patients with CRC. miR‐138‐5p suppressed CRC growth but promoted cell death both in vitro and in vivo. Online predictions and integrated experiments identified that miR‐138‐5p targeted MCU, and downregulated miR‐138‐5p promoted mitochondrial biogenesis in CRC. In the light of the underlying mechanisms, our results indicated that downregulated miR‐138‐5p led to increased expression of MCU, which subsequently increased the production of ROS to promote CRC growth. Our results indicated that downregulated miR‐138‐5p strengthened mitochondrial biogenesis through targeting MCU, thus contributing to CRC cell growth, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
Feasibility of repairing skin defects by VEGF165 gene‐modified iPS‐HFSCs seeded on a 3D printed scaffold containing astragalus polysaccharide
Authors: Du Weibin , Hu Jintao , Huang Xiaolong , Wang Zhenwei , Zhou Huateng , Yang Yadong , Hu Huahui , Chen Rongliang , Shen Fuxiang , Quan Renfu
Published: June 2023

The preparation of biodegradable scaffolds loaded with cells and cytokine is a feature of tissue‐engineered skin. IPSCs‐based tissue‐engineered skin treatment for wound repair is worth exploring. Healthy human skin fibroblasts were collected and reprogrammed into iPSCs. After gene modification and induction, CK19+/Integrinβ1+/CD200+ VEGF165 gene‐modified iPS‐HFSCsGFP were obtained and identified by a combination of immunofluorescence and RT‐qPCR. Astragalus polysaccharide‐containing 3D printed degradable scaffolds were prepared and co‐cultured with VEGF165 gene‐modified iPS‐HFSCsGFP, and the biocompatibility and spatial structure of the tissue‐engineered skin was analysed by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK8) assay and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the tissue‐engineered skin was transplanted onto the dorsal trauma of nude mice, and the effect of tissue‐engineered skin on the regenerative repair of total skin defects was evaluated by a combination of histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, RT‐qPCR, and in vivo three‐dimensional reconstruction under two‐photon microscopy. CK19+/Integrinβ1+/CD200+ VEGF165 gene‐modified iPS‐HFSCsGFP, close to the morphology and phenotype of human‐derived hair follicle stem cells, were obtained. The surface of the prepared 3D printed degradable scaffold containing 200 μg/mL astragalus polysaccharide was enriched with honeycomb‐like meshwork, which was more conducive to the proliferation of the resulting cells. After tissue‐engineered skin transplantation, combined assays showed that it promoted early vascularization, collagen and hair follicle regeneration and accelerated wound repair. VEGF165 gene‐modified iPS‐HFSCsGFP compounded with 3D printed degradable scaffolds containing 200 μg/mL astragalus polysaccharide can directly and indirectly participate in vascular, collagen, and hair follicle regeneration in the skin, achieving more complete structural and functional skin regenerative repair.
Effect of patient characteristics on the efficacy and safety of imeglimin monotherapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A post‐hoc analysis of two randomized, placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Hagi Katsuhiko , Kochi Kenji , Watada Hirotaka , Kaku Kohei , Ueki Kohjiro
Published: June 2023

Aims/Introduction

Substantial variability in demographic and clinical characteristics exists among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which may impact treatment. This post‐hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of imeglimin 1,000 mg twice daily (BID) monotherapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients according to demographic and clinical characteristics.

Materials and Methods

Data were pooled from two placebo‐controlled, 24 week, randomized, double‐blind studies in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Outcomes (least squares mean [LSM] change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24, and safety) were analyzed according to subgroups based on demographics, clinical characteristics, and comorbidities.

Results

The difference in LSM change in HbA1c from baseline to week 24 was statistically significant for imeglimin vs placebo in all patient subgroups analyzed (P < 0.05 each), including demographics (age, body mass index), clinical characteristics (duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease [CKD] stage, and prior medication use) and comorbidities (hypertension, dyslipidemia, risk of hepatic fibrosis and liver function parameter status). A statistically significant separation from placebo in HbA1c was observed at week 4 and maintained through week 24. No new safety concerns were identified with imeglimin in any patient subpopulations.

Conclusions

The efficacy and safety of imeglimin was demonstrated across patient subgroups, irrespective of baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. Our findings confirm the efficacy and safety of imeglimin across a broad spectrum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Swamp eel aldehyde reductase is involved in response to nitrosative stress via regulating NO/GSH levels
Authors: Zhao Yuhe , Liu Yang , Wu Jianfen , Kong Dan , Zhao Sifan , Li Guopan , Li Wei
Published: June 2023

Aldehyde reductase (ALR) plays key roles in the detoxification of toxic aldehyde. In this study, the authors cloned the swamp eel ALR gene using rapid amplification of cDNA ends‐PCR (RACE‐PCR). The recombinant protein (rALR) was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using a Ni2+‐NTA chelating column. The rALR protein exhibited efficient reductive activity towards several aldehydes, ketones and S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO). A spot assay suggested that the recombinant E. coli strain expressing rALR showed better resistance to formaldehyde, sodium nitrite and GSNO stress, suggesting that swamp eel ALR is crucial for redox homeostasis in vivo. Consequently, the authors investigated the effect of rALR on the oxidative parameters of the liver in swamp eels challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The hepatic glutathione (GSH) content significantly increased, and the hepatic NO content and levels of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species significantly decreased when rALR was administered. In addition, the mRNA expression of hepatic Alr, HO1 and Nrf2 was significantly upregulated, whereas the expression levels of NF‐κB, IL‐1β and NOS1 were significantly downregulated in the rALR‐administered group. Collectively, these results suggest that ALR is involved in the response to nitrosative stress by regulating GSH/NO levels in the swamp eel.
“Too Much to Hope”: Analyzing Clergy Rhetoric on White Supremacy
Authors: Gilliland Claire Chipman
Published: June 2023

As Du Bois observed a century ago, the White Church as an institution is largely associated with maintaining the status quo of racial stratification rather than offering a progressive force. To analyze the rhetoric of predominantly White clergy on race, I analyze a sample of sermons from predominantly White congregations in Charlottesville, VA following the 2017 White supremacist rally (N = 87 sermons from 38 congregations). I find that clergy draw on individualistic, other‐worldly, and structural frameworks to explain the causes of and solutions to racism and racial violence. These frameworks carry different consequences; individualistic explanations are associated with calls for self‐examination and prayer, while seeing racism as a battle between forces comes limited individual engagement. Further, these frameworks are overlapping within the sermons, clouding the appropriate responses to racial violence. As a whole, these responses largely affirm Du Bois’ low expectations for the White Church in combatting racism and inequality.
Mechanical approach for the evaluation of the crispiness of food granular products
Authors: Boudina Imen , Delalonde Michèle , Koegel Laurène , Maraval Isabelle , Forestier‐Chiron Nelly , Domingo Romain , Ricci Julien , Sharkawi Tahmer , Rondet Eric
Published: June 2023

Crispiness of food products is a key parameter for consumer acceptance. Available methods to evaluate this attribute are subjective and have limitations. They are particularly difficult to implement when granular products are considered. The present study aims to provide a physical characterization of the crispiness of food granular products (gari and grinded corn flakes) based on the compression cycle modeling and the determination of the Py (yield pressure) parameter of the Heckel model. High Py values attributed to the brittle behavior, are indicative of product crispiness. Furthermore, Py parameter showed sensitivity to the plasticizing effect of water. This developed physical method was validated through sensory analysis and acoustic measurements which are both considered as reference methods for crispiness evaluation. The brittle/plastic behavior attributed to crispy/non crispy products respectively was confirmed through image analysis using X‐ray microcomputed tomography. The latter made it possible to distinguish the brittle from the plastic behavior through the particle size distribution evolution. This work suggests that the Py value is a relevant indicator for the crispiness evaluation of granular products. This physical characterization is expected to contribute in food engineering as an alternative method for granular products crispiness in a simpler and a more objective way.
Aedes aegyptioviposition‐sites choice under semi‐field conditions
Authors: David Mariana R. , Maciel‐de‐Freitas Rafael , Petersen Martha T. , Bray Daniel , Hawkes Frances M. , Fernández‐Grandon G. Mandela , Young Stephen , Gibson Gabriella , Hopkins Richard J.
Published: June 2023

Vector control is still the recommended approach to avoid arbovirus outbreaks. Herein, we investigate oviposition preferences ofAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae) females under a semi‐field structure Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. For that, in Experiment 1, we used two settings: ‘Single items’, which included as containers drain, beer bottle, bucket, car tyre, water tank, and a potted Peace Lily (Spathiphyllum wallisii) in a saucer with water, or ‘Multiple containers’, as an urban simulation, in which one drain, two additional beer bottles, and an extra plant pot saucer were added. Experiment 2 (sensory cues) used five variations of potted plant, each one varying in the range of sensory cues known to attract gravid females to oviposition containers. Our results indicate that gravidAe. aegyptiprefer to oviposit close to the ground and in open water containers with organic compounds from plant watering. Domestic large artificial containers containing tap water received significantly fewer eggs, except for the car tyre, which exhibited as many eggs as the potted plant. We also show that visual (potted plant shape) and olfactory clues (odour of the plant or from water containing organic matter) were equally attractive separately as were these stimuli together.
Effect of the implementation of clinical guidelines on management of candidemia in elderly patients
Authors: Lopez Natalia Vicente , Parra Jorge Calderon , Serrano Alejandro Muñoz , Villanueva Andrea Gutiérrez , de la Fuente Moral Sara , Moreno‐Torres Victor , Rubio Elena Muñez , Martínez Antonio Ramos
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Mortality from candidemia is higher in elderly population than in younger patients, which may be related to suboptimal management. The aim of the present study is to evaluate adherence to the recommendations for the clinical management of candidemia in a population over 75 years before and after implementing specific training.

Patients and Methods

We recorded retrospectively data from candidemia episodes in elderly patients during two periods of time: 2010–2015 years (before training) and 2017–2022 years (after training), as well as adherence to the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines, mortality and consultation to infectious disease specialists.

Results

Forty‐five episodes of candidemia were recorded in the first period and 29 episodes in the second period. A better compliance to the recommendations of the clinical practice guidelines was observed in the second period: echocardiogram performance (75.9% vs. 48.9% p = .021), fundoscopy (65.5% vs. 44.4% p = .076), follow‐up blood cultures (72.4% vs. 42.2% p = .011), removal of central venous catheter (80% vs. 52.9% p = .080) and adequate antifungal treatment (82.6% vs. 52.6% p = .018). A trend towards lower mortality was observed during the second period (27.6% vs. 44.4% p = .144).

Conclusion

The improvement of knowledge of clinical guidelines on candidemia and the participation of infectious disease specialists may increase the quality of care in elderly patients with candidemia. It would be necessary to enlarge the sample size to evaluate the real impact of this intervention on mortality.
The effect of decontamination using quaternary ammonium chloride on the bacterial burden of hospital privacy curtains
Authors: Jang Jin‐hwa , Jeong Ihn Sook , Kang Chan Mi
Published: June 2023

This quasi‐experimental study aimed to identify the effect of decontamination using quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC) on bacterial burden on hospital privacy curtains. The objects were the high‐touch edges of 66 polyester curtains in inpatient wards. The decontamination was performed daily (n = 22), twice‐weekly (n = 22), or not performed (n = 22) for 28 days. The bacterial burden on the curtains was measured based on the number of bacteria, the proportion of curtains with >2.5 colony‐forming unit/cm2, and the proportion of curtains with multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs). As a result, the daily or twice‐weekly decontamination groups showed a significantly lower increase in bacterial burden than the no‐decontamination group overall and at all four posttest times. On day 28, daily decontamination showed a lower increase in the number of bacteria (p < 0.001) and proportions of curtains with >2.5 colony form units/cm2 (p < 0.001) than the no‐decontamination condition, and in the number of curtains with MDROs than twice‐weekly decontamination. In conclusion, decontamination of curtains using QAC helps reduce bacterial burden, and daily decontamination is recommended up to 28 days after installation.
Sensitization trajectories to multiple allergen components in a population‐based birth‐cohort
Authors: Farraia Mariana , Mendes Francisca Castro , Sokhatska Oksana , Severo Milton , Rufo João Cavaleiro , Barros Henrique , Moreira André
Published: June 2023

Background

The characteristics of allergic sensitization profiles can differ between populations and geographic regions, contributing differently to the association with allergic diseases. Consequently, the sensitization trajectories found in previous studies conducted in Northern Europe may not apply in Southern European countries.

Objective

To identify trajectories of allergic sensitization profiles during childhood and evaluate the association with allergic outcomes, using data from a Portuguese birth cohort.

Methods

A random sample from Generation XXI was screened for allergic sensitization at 10 years of age. Among 452 allergic sensitized children, 186 were tested with ImmunoCAP™ ISAC multiplex array that detects 112 molecular components, at three follow‐ups (4, 7, and 10 years old). Information on allergic outcomes (asthma, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis) was obtained at the 13‐year‐old follow‐up. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify clusters of participants with similar sensitization profiles. Then, sensitization trajectories were defined based on the most prevalent transitions between clusters over time. Logistic regression was applied to estimate the association between sensitization trajectories and allergic diseases.

Results

Five trajectories were proposed: “no/few sensitizations,” “early persistent house dust mites (HDM),” “early HDM and persistent/late grass pollen,” “late grass pollen,” and “late HDM.” The “early HDM and persistent/late grass pollen” trajectory was associated with rhinitis and “early persistent HDM” with asthma and rhinitis.

Conclusion

Distinct sensitization trajectories pose different risks in the development of allergic diseases. These trajectories present some differences from those in Northern European countries and are important for planning adequate prevention health plans.
In vivo deglycosylation of recombinant glycoproteins in tobacco BY‐2 cells
Authors: Herman Xavier , Far Johann , Peeters Marie , Quinton Loïc , Chaumont François , Navarre Catherine
Published: June 2023

Production of recombinant pharmaceutical glycoproteins has been carried out in multiple expression systems. However, N‐glycosylation, which increases heterogeneity and raises safety concerns due to the presence of non‐human residues, is usually not controlled. The presence and composition of N‐glycans are also susceptible to affect protein stability, function and immunogenicity. To tackle these issues, we are developing glycoengineered Nicotiana tabacum Bright Yellow‐2 (BY‐2) cell lines through knock out and ectopic expression of genes involved in the N‐glycosylation pathway. Here, we report on the generation of BY‐2 cell lines producing deglycosylated proteins. To this end, endoglycosidase T was co‐expressed with an immunoglobulin G or glycoprotein B of human cytomegalovirus in BY‐2 cell lines producing only high mannose N‐glycans. Endoglycosidase T cleaves high mannose N‐glycans to generate single, asparagine‐linked, N‐acetylglucosamine residues. The N‐glycosylation profile of the secreted antibody was determined by mass spectrometry analysis. More than 90% of the N‐glycans at the conserved Asn297 site were deglycosylated. Likewise, extensive deglycosylation of glycoprotein B, which possesses 18 N‐glycosylation sites, was observed. N‐glycan composition of gB glycovariants was assessed by in vitro enzymatic mobility shift assay and proven to be consistent with the expected glycoforms. Comparison of IgG glycovariants by differential scanning fluorimetry revealed a significant impact of the N‐glycosylation pattern on the thermal stability. Production of deglycosylated pharmaceutical proteins in BY‐2 cells expands the set of glycoengineered BY‐2 cell lines.
The cost of leader personal financial insecurity: implications for adaptive team performance
Authors: Spoelma Trevor M. , Wu Wen , (Eric) Wu Shaoxue
Published: June 2023

In light of a global pandemic, rising inflation, and stock market uncertainty, many across the globe are experiencing financial insecurity. We build on an emerging line of research to explore the mechanisms through which leaders’ personal financial insecurity impacts the teams they lead. We draw on compensatory control theory to theorize that leaders’ personal financial insecurity has a negative indirect effect on adaptive team performance because more insecurity is associated with less perceived personal control, to which leaders respond by implementing a more hierarchical decision‐making authority structure in their teams. Integrating the social identity theory of leadership, we theorize that this effect is stronger when the leaders are more prototypical of their team. Evidence from three multi‐wave, multi‐source field studies including leaders and their teams and an online experiment supports our model. By uncovering how a leader's perceived financial state impacts those they lead, our work adds to the growing bottom‐line case for why organizations should care about supporting their employees’ financial health.
Physical fitness trends in a nationally representative sample of Portuguese youth: What has changed from 2008 to 2018?
Authors: Rosa Gil B. , Hetherington‐Rauth Megan , Magalhães João P. , Correia Inês R. , Pinto Graça M. , Ferreira José P. , Coelho‐e‐Silva Manuel J. , Raimundo Armando M. , Mota Jorge , Sardinha Luís B.
Published: June 2023

This investigation aimed to describe the current physical fitness (PF) status of Portuguese youth, compare secular trends from 2008 and 2018, and establish updated age‐ and sex‐specific percentile values for distinct PF tests. In 2008 and 2018, 22 048 and 8960 children and adolescents (10–18 years) were included in two national cross‐sectional investigations. PF was evaluated using the FITESCOLA® battery tests and the handgrip strength test. Independent sample t‐tests and chi‐squared tests were used to model the results. Weight smoothed percentile values were calculated using Cole's Lambda‐Mu‐Sigma (LMS) method. All analyses were weighted according to age, sex, and geographic region. In 2018, boys surpassed girls in the 20‐m shuttle run, curl‐ups, push‐ups, standing long, and vertical jump tests, while girls performed better in the sit‐and‐reach (p < 0.05). The percentage of boys and girls meeting the healthy zone in the 20‐min shuttle run test did not differ between 2008 and 2018 (p ≥ 0.05). In boys, a higher percentage fell in the healthy zone for the curl‐up and push‐up tests in 2018 compared to 2008 (85.8% vs. 83.4%, and 57.8% vs. 53.8%; p < 0.05). Girls improved their flexibility component (sit‐and‐reach test), with a higher percentage meeting the healthy zone in 2018 (32.6% vs. 36.9%; p < 0.05); an opposite trend was seen for boys (65.5% vs. 50.1%; p < 0.05). The present investigation provides new and updated PF percentile curves for Portuguese youth, which can be used as a general overview of the current PF state among the Portuguese young population.
Who Controls the Code, Controls the System: Algorithmically Amplified Bullshit, Social Inequality, and the Ubiquitous Surveillance of Everyday Life
Authors: Dawson Jessica
Published: June 2023

In an era of digital surveillance, data profiteering companies have created a surveillance‐based economy that uses algorithms to target messages and content that increase social divisions and inequality. This economic model poses an existential threat to democracy and social stability not only because of the amplification but because these algorithms are embedded in social cultural context. The emergence of cheap computing and massive—largely invisible—data collection in every aspect of daily life has enabled the creation of massive amounts of data on individuals that can be merged and enriched and aggregated. These data can determine outcomes such as what homes buyers are shown or whether they are approved to purchase a home, whether travelers are added to the no‐fly list or patients receive lifesaving medical treatment, or what price one pays for a service or is even allowed to access a service—all based on commercial data collection. Given existing and entrenched systems of social inequality, the questions of what gets encoded into data, who controls it, and who has access to it, are key existential questions facing sociology in the coming century and hold the potential to dramatically remake every aspect of society.
Theoretical and methodological directions in mindset intervention research
Authors: Canning Elizabeth A. , Limeri Lisa B.
Published: June 2023

Growth mindset interventions directed at students aim to change students' beliefs about the malleability of ability. These interventions have had mixed results, with some showing impressive findings (e.g., improving grades and persistence in science and closing performance gaps), while other implementations have shown null findings. This heterogeneity suggests that growth mindset interventions should not be viewed as a sole solution for improving educational outcomes for students and that further research is needed to identify the contextual factors that influence their effectiveness. We propose new theoretical directions in mindset research that adopts an anti‐deficit model and moves away from focusing exclusively on students and their belief systems. Instead, we encourage a new wave of mindset research that considers the institutional, cultural, and contextual environment that either corroborates or negates students' mindset beliefs. We propose a new approach to mindset research that emphasizes innovative approaches to better understand the conditions under which mindset interventions are effective.
Positioning Asian Americans in social cognition
Authors: Goh Jin X. , Lei Ryan F. , Zou Linda X.
Published: June 2023

Asian Americans are increasingly positioned at the center of current events, yet extant theories and approaches in social psychology (and social cognition specifically) may not adequately capture how Asian Americans are perceived and treated in the current American racial landscape. We propose three directions to propel social cognition research on Asian Americans. First, research emphasizes Asian Americans' perceived high status (e.g., the model minority stereotype) while often overlooking their perceived foreignness. The two‐dimensionalRacial Position Modelelucidates the consequences of being stereotyped as perpetual foreigners for Asian Americans and their relations with other racial and ethnic groups. Second, research and laypeople alike consider East Asian Americans to be the prototypical Asian Americans, thereby excluding subgroups such as South and Southeast Asian Americans. Considering theethnic diversityof Asian Americans challenges and extends existing social psychological theories. Lastly, much of psychological research approaches race in isolation without considering its intersection with other identities such as gender. Anintersectional frameworkoffers insights into how Asian Americans' gender and race overlap in our social cognition. More nuanced research on Asian Americans is needed to fully understand race relations in the 21st century and we hope these three interconnected directions can guide researchers who are interested in the topic.
Trichoscopy pattern in alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed Saleh , Alsenaid Adel , Alhetheli Ghadah , Abd Elneam Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: June 2023

Background

The incidence of alopecia areata (AA) has increased over the last few decades. Trichoscopy is a noninvasive procedure performed in dermatology clinics and is a helpful tool in determining the correct diagnosis of hair loss presentations.

Objective

Through mapping the researches that have been done to represent the spectrum of trichoscopic findings in AA and to identify the most characteristic patterns.

Methods

Thirty‐nine studies were eligible for the quantitative analysis. Meta‐analysis and subgroup analysis were performed.

Results

Thirty‐nine studies (29 cross‐sectional, five retrospective, two descriptive, one case series, one observational, and one cohort) with a total of 3204 patients were included. About 66.7% of the studies were from Asia, 25.6% from Europe, and 7.7% from Africa. The most characteristic trichoscopic findings of AA were as follows; yellow dots, black dots, broken hairs, short vellus hairs, and tapering hairs.

Conclusion

There is no single pathognomonic diagnostic trichoscopic finding in AA rather than a constellation of characteristic findings. The five most characteristic trichoscopic findings in AA are: yellow dots, black dots, broken hairs, short vellus hairs, and tapering hairs. Yellow dots and short vellus hairs considered the most sensitive clues for AA, while black dots and tapering hairs are the most specific ones. Furthermore, trichoscopy is a useful tool that allows monitoring of response during the treatment of AA. Treatment responded cases will show an increase in short vellus hairs, but loss of tapering hairs, broken hairs, and black dots, while yellow dots are the least responsive to the treatment.
Effect of high‐volume insecticide spraying on sand fly vectors in household gardens in Spain
Authors: Ortuño María , Muñoz‐Hernández Clara , Risueño José , Jumakanova Zarima , Farinella Alessia , Vaselek Slavica , Bernal Luis J. , Sánchez‐López Pedro F. , Collantes Francisco , Ruiz de Ybáñez Rocío , Martínez‐Carrasco Carlos , Pérez‐Cutillas Pedro , Berriatua Eduardo
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the efficacy of high‐volume spraying with the adulticide α‐cypermethrin alone and in combination with the larvicide diflubenzuron on the density of sand flies in gardens of three detached households in periurban areas in southeast Spain. Treatments were applied four times between June and August 2016, and four nearby sites, two households and two non‐urbanized sites, were untreated controls. The number of sand flies collected between May and October 2016 using sticky interception and light attraction traps, was 4446 specimens. Species identified morphologically included Sergentomyia minuta (n = 2101; 48%), Phlebotomus perniciosus (n = 1922; 44%), Phlebotomus papatasi (n = 173; 4%), Phlebotomus sergenti (n = 161; 4%) and Phlebotomus ariasi (n = 36; 1%). Sand flies were detected in both treated and untreated sites. The proportion of positive sticky traps and the median (range) density of sand flies in positive traps were 61% traps and 7 (2–172) sand flies/m2/day in untreated sites, and 43% traps and 4 (1–56) sand flies/m2/day in treated sites (p < 0.05). Similarly, for light traps, it was 96% traps and 30 (3–168) flies/trap/day, and 83% traps and 3 (1–12) sand flies/trap/day, respectively (p < 0.05). However, sand fly density followed a comparable seasonal pattern in untreated and treated sites and did not consistently decrease following insecticide applications. These results were confirmed with mixed negative binomial modelling of sand fly density adjusted for time since application, month, environmental setting and site. The limited efficacy of the treatments, added to their cost, the impact of insecticides on non‐target organisms and human health, and the risk of development of insecticide resistance, should dissuade similar outdoor applications to control sand fly vector populations in residential areas.
Graph Neural Network-Based Design Decision Support for Shared Mobility Systems
Authors: Xiao Yinshuang , Ahmed Faez , Sha Zhenghui
Published: June 2023

Emerging shared mobility systems are gaining popularity due to their significant economic and environmental benefits. In this paper, we present a network-based approach for predicting travel demand between stations (e.g., whether two stations have sufficient trips to form a strong connection) in shared mobility systems to support system design decisions. In particular, we answer the research question of whether local network information (e.g., the network neighboring station’s features of a station and its surrounding points of interest (POI), such as banks, schools, etc.) would influence the formation of a strong connection or not. If so, to what extent do such factors play a role? To answer this question, we propose using graph neural networks (GNNs), in which the concept of network embedding can capture and quantify the effect of local network structures. We compare the results with a regular artificial neural network (ANN) model that is agnostic to neighborhood information. This study is demonstrated using a real-world bike sharing system, the Divvy Bike in Chicago. We observe that the GNN prediction gains up to 8% higher performance than the ANN model. Our findings show that local network information is vital in the structure of a sharing mobility network, and the results generalize even when the network structure and density change significantly. With the GNN model, we show how it supports two crucial design decisions in bike sharing systems, i.e., where new stations should be added and how much capacity a station should have.
Motion Modeling of a 5-Axis Delta Robot with Telescopic Shafts
Authors: Alikoç Baran , Šustr Vojtěch , Zítek Filip , Burget Pavel , Lomakin Alexander
Published: June 2023

This paper deals with motion modeling of a 5-axis industrial Delta robot. The robot has extra rotational two degrees-of-freedom (DoF) realized with a wrist arm driven through two co-axial telescopic shafts as compared to the basic 3-DoF Delta robot. The kinematic model is derived with fully symbolic Jacobian matrices. Using the derived Jacobians, a novel simplified dynamic model is proposed based on the virtual work principle and the trajectory dependent artificial mass distribution. As compared to the existing literature, the proposed dynamic model does not require Lagrangian multiplier calculation or recursive and parallel computing so that it provides advantage for model-based control design. Also a linear regression model is provided to identify the dynamic parameters. The presented models are suitable to be employed for basic Delta and the extended Delta robots with parallel telescopic shafts as well. The derived models are verified through a Simulink model where the 3D CAD files of robot bodies having the information of real dimensions, masses and moments of inertia are used. The adequate agreement of the proposed dynamic model with the simulation results is illustrated via performing three different generated trajectory profiles. We also demonstrate the better accuracy of the proposed dynamic model as compared to a simplified and widely employed model for basic 3-DoF Delta robot. The simulation model is shared online to serve as a research and test platform for performing tasks such as motion planning, model prototyping, and control design.
Hot-Wire Anemometry in High Subsonic Organic Vapor Flows
Authors: Hake Leander , aus der Wiesche Stefan , Sundermeier Stephan , Cakievski Leon , Bäumer Joshua , Cinnella Paola , Matar Camille , Gloerfelt Xavier
Published: June 2023

The present contribution reports the outcome of an experimental and numerical investigation of the behavior of a constant-temperature hot-wire anemometer in the high-subsonic flow up to a Mach number of 0.7 of the organic vapor Novec™ 649 at pressure and temperature levels of typical organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turbine applications. The experiments were carried out in the calibration section of a closed-loop organic vapor wind tunnel test facility enabling the independent variation of Reynolds numbers, Mach numbers, and total temperature within a certain range. It was found that the calibration and the determination of the sensitivity coefficients can be done in a way as proposed by de Souza and Tavoularis for air. The sensitivity coefficients for velocity and density were essentially equal for higher overheat ratios which support the interpretation of the signals and data reduction for turbulent quantities. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provided additional insight into potential real gas effects for hot-wire performance.
A Dynamic Model of Outer Race Defective Bearing Considering the Unbalanced Shaft-Bearing System With Experimental Simulation
Authors: Jain Prashant H. , Bhosle Santosh P. , Keche Ashok J. , Desavale Ramchandra G.
Published: June 2023

In this study, the effects of the evolution of bearing outer race defect size and increase in speed on the vibration characteristics of a shaft-bearing system under unbalanced conditions are simulated and analyzed. A two degrees-of-freedom mathematical model is presented for a ball bearing used in an unbalanced shaft-bearing system. The contact stiffness between the races and the balls is considered as a series of springs is incorporated in the model. Hertzian contact deformation theory is used to obtain the contact stiffness. This model considers the contact deformation between the balls and the races, the additional displacement between the balls and the inner race due to radial clearance and due to defect geometry. The maximum possible radial displacement of the ball into the defect is calculated analytically using the groove radius, ball radius, and defect diameter. The rectangular function is used for modeling the defect. matlab codes are developed for modeling the bearing and for solving the differential equations of motion using the Runge–Kutta method. The vibration responses (peak and root-mean-square (RMS) values) obtained by modeling and by experimentation show similar vibration characteristics. The investigation shows that the values of statistical parameters initially increase with the increase in defect size and then decrease with a further increase in defect size. While peak and RMS increase with the increase in speed, crest factor and kurtosis decrease with the increase in speed. Peak is more sensitive for diagnosing spalls on outer race and its evolution. This study helps as an effective diagnosis of antifriction bearings having spalls on the outer race under unbalanced conditions.
Prediction Strength for Clustering Activity Patterns Using Accelerometer Data
Authors: Yu Jingzhi , Kapphahn Kristopher , Moore Hyatt , Haydel Farish , Robinson Thomas , Desai Manisha
Published: June 2023

Background: Clustering, a class of unsupervised machine learning methods, has been applied to physical activity data recorded by accelerometers to discover unique patterns of physical activity and health outcomes. The prediction strength metric provides a criterion to determine the optimal number of clusters for clustering methods. The aim of this study is to provide specific guidance for applying prediction strength to time series accelerometer data. Methods: For this purpose, we designed an extensive simulation study. We created a synthetic data set of accelerometer data using data from a childhood obesity management trial. We evaluated the role of a prespecified threshold of the prediction strength metric as a key input parameter. We compared the recommended threshold (between 0.8 and 0.9) with an approach we developed (Local Maxima). Results: The choice of threshold had a large impact on performance. When the noise level increased (greater overlap between true clusters), lower thresholds outperformed the recommended threshold, which tended to underestimate the true number of clusters. In addition, we found that sorting the data by magnitude of intensity in windows within the time series of interest prior to clustering alleviated sensitivity to threshold choice. Furthermore, for accelerometer data, we recommend that the Local Maxima approach be utilized together with a graphical evaluation of the prediction strength metric function over values of k. Finally, we strongly suggest sorting of the data prior to clustering if sorting retains meaning for the research question at hand. Conclusion: Our recommendations can help future researchers discover more robust patterns from accelerometer data.
Weighing the Body: Women Olympic Weightlifters Negotiating Weight Class, Body Image, and the Unruly Body
Authors: Nelson Monica , Jette Shannon
Published: June 2023

Women athletes’ experiences of gendered body ideals and empowerment have been well-documented. However, the existing literature largely neglects strength sports, which have a complex relationship with gendered norms given their historical association with masculinity and wide range of weight classes. In this article, we use a feminist poststructuralist lens to explore how eight Olympic Weightlifters participating in the women’s category choose their weight classes while balancing strength, competitiveness, and esthetics. Participants often referenced sport-specific and gendered body discourses when choosing their weight classes, yet also identified a nondiscursive element that could force them to forego athletic and esthetic body ideals: the body itself. Based on these narratives, we suggest that awareness of the “rebellious body” be considered an important element of women athletes’ bodily empowerment.
Activation of Piezo1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of aortic valve interstitial cell through YAP-dependent glutaminolysis
Authors: Zhong Guoheng , Su Shuwen , Li Juncong , Zhao Hengli , Hu Dongtu , Chen Jun , Li Shichao , Lin Yingwen , Wen Liming , Lin Xiangjie , Xian Gaopeng , Xu Dingli , Zeng Qingchun
Published: June 2023

Hemodynamic overload and dysregulation of cellular metabolism are involved in development of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). However, how mechanical stress relates to metabolic changes in CAVD remains unclear. Here, we show that Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel, regulated glutaminase 1 (GLS1)–mediated glutaminolysis to promote osteogenic differentiation of valve interstitial cells (VICs). In vivo, two models of aortic valve stenosis were constructed by ascending aortic constriction (AAC) and direct wire injury (DWI). Inhibition of Piezo1 and GLS1 in these models respectively mitigated aortic valve lesion. In vitro, Piezo1 activation induced by Yoda1 and oscillatory stress triggered osteogenic responses in VICs, which were prevented by Piezo1 inhibition or knockdown. Mechanistically, Piezo1 activation promoted calcium-dependent Yes-associated protein (YAP) activation. YAP modulated GLS1-mediated glutaminolysis, which enhanced osteogenic differentiation through histone acetylation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) promoters. Together, our work provided a cross-talk between mechanotransduction and metabolism in the context of CAVD.
Molecular architecture regulation for the design of instant and robust underwater adhesives
Authors: Yu Jing , Xie Ruilin , Zhang Mengyuan , Shen Kaixiang , Yang Yuxuan , Zhao Xiaodan , Zhang Xin , Zhang Yanfeng , Cheng Yilong
Published: June 2023

Development of underwater adhesives with instant and robust adhesion to diverse substrates remains challenging. A strategy taking the structural advantage of phenylalanine derivative,
N
-acryloyl phenylalanine (APA), is proposed to facilely prepare a series of underwater polymeric glue-type adhesives (UPGAs) through one-pot radical polymerization with commonly used hydrophilic vinyl monomers. The adjacent phenyl and carboxyl groups in APA realize the synergy between interfacial interactions and cohesion strength, by which the UPGAs could achieve instant (~5 seconds) and robust wet tissue adhesion strength (173 kilopascal). The polymers with varied hydrophobicity and substitutional groups as well as carboxyl and phenyl groups in separated components are designed to investigate the underwater adhesion mechanism. The universality of APA for the construction of UPGAs is also verified by the copolymerization with different hydrophilic monomers, and the applications of the UPGAs have been validated in diverse hemorrhage models and distinct substrates. Our work may give a promising solution to design potent underwater adhesives.