bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Pembelajaran Tematik dalam Pembelajaran Daring Kelas IV SD
Authors: Mas’ula Siti , Ainy Nur , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: October 2021

Abstract: This research aims to determine the implementation and barriers of thematic learning encountered by 4th grade teachers in planning, implementing, and evaluating aspects in online learning due the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach used in this research was descriptive quantitative by using the ex-post facto method. The subject in this research was 94 samples, of which 4 teachers and 90 students. The results of this research indicate that: (1) the thematic lesson plan (RPP) was in fairly good quality with medium qualification (79,89 percent); (2) the learning implementation was in good quality with high qualification (91,49 percent); (3) the learning evaluation was in good quality with high qualification (74,80 percent); (4) there was a relationship between student outcomes and the lesson plan with a significance value (0.042 less than 0.05); (5) there was a relationship between student outcomes and the learning implementation with a significance value (0.045 less than 0.05); and (6) there was a relationship between student outcomes with the lesson plan and learning implementation with a significance value (0.045 less than 0.05).

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan dan hambatan pembelajaran tematik yang ditemui guru kelas IV SD di Gugus 3 Kedungkandang pada aspek perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pembelajaran dalam pembelajaran daring selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Pendekatan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu kuantitatif deskriptif dengan metode ex-post facto. Subyek meliputi 94 sampel, di antaranya 4 guru dan 90 siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) perencanaan pembelajaran tematik (RPP) berkualitas cukup baik dengan kualifikasi sedang (79,89 persen); (2) pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik berkualitas baik dengan kualifikasi tinggi (91,49 persen); (3) evaluasi pembelajaran tematik berkualitas cukup baik dengan kualifikasi sedang (74,80 persen); (4) terdapat hubungan antara hasil belajar siswa dengan perencanaan pembelajaran, dengan nilai signifikansi (0,042 kurang dari 0,05); (5) terdapat hubungan antara hasil belajar siswa dengan pelaksanaan pembelajaran, dengan nilai signifikansi (0,045 kurang dari 0,05); (6) terdapat hubungan antara hasil belajar siswa dengan perencanaan pembelajaran dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan nilai signifikansi (0,045 kurang dari 0,05).
Panduan Biblioedukasi untuk Meningkatkan Sikap Respek Siswa SMP
Authors: Silmy Riza Aqilah , Indreswari Henny , Muslihati Muslihati
Published: October 2021

Abstract: This research has the objective to obtain biblioeducation guidance to enhance respect among junior high students. The guidance consists of a series of activities and materials which are arranged systematically for counsellor and students. This development research adapted Borg and Gall steps. Tests required comprise early product and limited site tests. Early product test conducted by a Guidance and Counseling theory and media expert. While, limited site conducted by counsellor. The result assessment of this guidance book in terms of function reached each score 84, 87, 8, and 83 with average score 3,65, 3,76, 4, and 3,60 which conclude as very functional. In terms of ease, it reached scores 66, 64, 28, and 45 with average scores 3,47, 3,37, 4, and 3,45 which conclude as very easy. In terms of precision, it reached scores 44, 41, 47, and 69 with average 3,38, 3,15, 3,91, and 3,63 which conclude as very precise. Based on theory expert I and II in terms of interest, it reached score 6 with average 3 which conclude as interesting. While based on media expert and personal usage, it reached score 12 and 8 with average score 4 which conclude as very interesting. Therefore, this guidance is allowed to be used by counsellor to provide Guidance and Counseling practice.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan panduan biblioedukasi untuk meningkatkan sikap respek pada siswa SMP. Panduan ini berisi serangkaian kegiatan dan materi yang disusun secara sistematis untuk konselor dan siswa. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengadaptasi langkah-langkah dari Borg dan Gall. Uji coba yang dilakukan terdiri dari uji coba produk awal dan uji coba lapangan terbatas. Uji coba produk awal ini dilakukan oleh ahli materi BK dan ahli media sedangkan uji coba lapangan terbatas dilakukan oleh konselor. Hasil penilaian buku panduan ini pada aspek kegunaan memperoleh skor total masing-masing 84, 87, 8, dan 83 dengan skor rata-rata 3,65, 3,76, 4, dan 3,60 termasuk dalam predikat sangat berguna. Pada aspek kemudahan memperoleh skor total 66, 64, 28, dan 45 dengan skor rata-rata 3,47, 3,37, 4, dan 3,45 termasuk dalam predikat sangat mudah. Pada aspek ketepatan memperoleh skor total 44, 41, 47, dan 69 dengan skor rata-rata 3,38, 3,15, 3,91, dan 3,63 termasuk dalam predikat sangat tepat. Pada ahli materi I dan II aspek kemenarikan memperoleh skor total 6 dengan skor rata-rata 3 termasuk dalam predikat menarik sedangkan pada ahli media dan pengguna masing-masing memperoleh skor total 12 dan 8 dengan rerata 4 termasuk dalam predikat sangat menarik. Dengan demikian, panduan ini dapat digunakan konselor dalam pemberian layanan bimbingan dan konseling.
Hospital outcome of percutaneous coronary stenting in long segment lesions
Authors: Uddin M. Bashir , Siddique A. B. , Munir M. Shirajum , Uddin Refaz , Masud Abdullah Al , Ahmed Firoz , Zahid M. Abu , Islam Mazharul
Published: October 2021

Background: Coronary heart disease is increasing at an alarming rate among elder people in Bangladesh. For long segment lesion in heart, percutaneous coronary intervention is now a common procedure with great success rate.  The aim of this study was to assess immediate outcome of percutaneous coronary stenting of long segment lesions.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2005 to December 2006. The sample size was 100 patients undergoing PCI of long and short coronary lesions.Results: No complications found in 82.0% and 88.0% of cases in group I and II respectively. Coronary dissection occurred in 6% and 4% cases in group I and II respectively. ST elevation and pathological Q were 46.0% in pre and 50.0% in post PCI period in group I. In group II patients 48.0% in pre and 52.0% in post PCI period showed ST elevation and pathological Q wave. ST depression and/or T inversion was 18.0% in pre and 16.0% in post PCI period in group I, in group II this value was 22.0% and 14.0% respectively. In group I patients, CK-MB increased from 24.33±7.72 U/l in baseline to 43.30±10.99 U/l 6-8 hrs after procedure and before discharge CK-MB decreased to 31.91±11.17 U/l. In the group II patients, it increased from 25.42±5.84 U/l in baseline to 39.38±6.98 U/l 6-8 hrs after procedure and before discharge CK-MB decreased to 29.64±8.21 U/l.Conclusions: This study concludes that the immediate outcome of long segment coronary stenting is safe and highly effective.
Assessment of common infections related to steroidal treatment among children in selected hospitals, in view to develop an information booklet
Authors: Bhorge Priya Vijay
Published: October 2021

Corticosteroids are potent medications that have been extensively used to treat many inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. They have been used in a variety of life-threatening and disabling conditions and have saved or improved many lives. However, they cause numerous side effects on various body systems. Corticosteroids inhibit the immune system and increase susceptibility to infections. A regular dose of corticosteroids for 1-2 weeks can make the patient prone to infection.Therefore the study was conducted to assess the common infections related to steroidal treatment which are commonly associated with long-term use of these agents and provide practical recommendations for patient monitoring and the prevention and management of these infections. For this study, quantitative research approach was considered appropriate. A research design was Non-experimental exploratory design. This study was conducted in selected hospitals of city. The samples selected was Children on steroidal treatment admitted in hospitals who meet the inclusive and exclusive criteria. Sample size was 60 and non- probability purposive sampling was used. Self-structured infection assessment checklist format was found to be the most appropriate instrument to assess common infections related to steroidal treatment among children. Descriptive and inferential statistics used for data analysis Majority 38.3% of them had respiratory tract infection followed by 25% of them had skin infection, 15% of the children had gastrointestinal tract infection and 1.7% of them had Urinary tract infection. Duration of steroidal treatment and education of the parents were found to have significant association with gastrointestinal tract infection among children. Developmental stage of child and duration of steroidal treatment were found to have significant association with respiratory tract infection among children. None of the demographic variable was found to have significant association with urinary tract infection among children. Developmental stage of child and Education of the parents were found to have significant association with gastrointestinal tract infection among children.
A survey to assess the student nurses’ satisfaction related to clinical posting at Covid-19 areas
Authors: Rokade Sarika , Reddy Patricia , Singh Namralata
Published: October 2021

A non-experimental survey study was conducted to assess the satisfaction of student nurses’ worked at Covid-19 areas during pandemic situation. 116 student nurses have participated in this study. The non- probability convenient sampling technique was used. Data was collected by means of Google form. The tool contained two sections, demographic data and likert scale to assess satisfaction level of student nurses worked at covid-19 areas. Objectives of study were to assess the student nurses’ satisfaction level related to clinical posting at covid-19 areas, and to find out the association of satisfaction level with selected demographic variables. The study reveals that out of 116 student nurses 28 (24.13%) of them were very satisfied with the clinical posting at covid-19 areas, 53(45.68%) of them were satisfied, whereas 30 (25.86%) of them were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied, and only 5 (4.31%) of them were dissatisfied. The study concludes that most of the student nurses were satisfied with all the aspects, but dissatisfaction was also noticed. 22(18.96%) of student nurses’ were dissatisfied with the administrative support at assigned hospital. In regard to availability of resources at the hospital and use of PPE kit during working hours, 26 (22.41%) of student nurses’ reported as dissatisfaction. 21(18.10%) of student nurses’ were dissatisfied with covid-19 screening carried out before and after clinical posting. Also in provision of facilities in quarantines period were reported as dissatisfaction by 30(25.86%) of student nurses.
La aventura tercermundista del cine mexicano. Producción fílmica y diplomacia latinoamericana, 1971-1976
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Israel
Published: October 2021

Durante la primera mitad de los años setenta la industria cinematográfica mexicana se embarcó de manera decidida, junto con el régimen mexicano, en una impetuosa empresa por conquistar los principales foros y espacios del Tercer Mundo. Si en el terreno político el cumplimiento de este objetivo implicó una ardua labor diplomática, la incursión acelerada de México en el tercermundismo cinematográfico requirió también de una compleja estrategia de promoción y negociación con los representantes de las distintas cinematografías del movimiento tricontinental. El artículo presenta un primer acercamiento a esta historia del tercermundismo cinematográfico mexicano impulsado por el régimen de Luis Echeverría. Mediante el análisis de distintas fuentes (hemerográficas, documentales, orales y cinematográficas), y basándose en el estudio de dos casos específicos de colaboración cinematográfica (Chile y Cuba), el texto intenta evaluar y mostrar lo que esta etapa significó para el cine mexicano, para el contenido de sus películas, para sus mercados y para la proyección internacional de sus obras. Como resultado, el texto muestra, por un lado, las vicisitudes y los debates a los que se enfrentó el cine mexicano en su camino por insertarse en un espacio político que le resultaba ajeno y, por otro, que el arduo trabajo emprendido desde 1971 por los funcionarios y cineastas mexicanos se tradujo hacia el final del sexenio echeverrista en un éxito, si no económico, sí político para el régimen que patrocinaba aquellos esfuerzos.
The Social and the Impact of COVID-19 on Social Behavior in Streets of Amman, Jordan
Authors: AlBaik Majd , Al-Azhari Wael
Published: October 2021

Governments around the world enforced many restrictions according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and tried very hard to minimize spread of epidemic in their countries. One of these restrictions is on using of public spaces that led to create new challenges to think about how we design public spaces and the way of using the most dynamic nearby spaces around us such as streets. The main objectives of this research are to measure the impact of COVID-19 on behavior of local community in public street. And to what extend changed of social behavior in public streets to compensation the absence of public spaces, where they became a breathing space for locals in Amman, Jordan. Also to addresses these questions which are focused on how the local community deals physically with the COVID-19 situation? And what are the changes that are done in their behavior to entertain themselves during the COVID-19 pandemic? Researchers carried out an analysis by using a mixed used approach; qualitative and quantitative methods through executing a questionnaire and a field observation of the study area which is selected. In conclusion, the results of the study showed that activities of local residents have changed between in the lockdown of COVID-19 pandemic and beyond whereas there has been more demand on active lifestyles which is continue after COVID-19 pandemic as new behavior of local residents. although the physical quality of the street are not design to meet new behavior.
A Combined Image Segmentation and Classification Approach for COVID-19 Infected Lungs
Authors: Sangeetha S.K.B. , Afreen Neda , Ahmad Gufran
Published: October 2021

Lung infection or sickness is one of the most common acute ailments in humans. Pneumonia is one of the most common lung infections, and the annual global mortality rate from untreated pneumonia is increasing. Because of its rapid spread, pneumonia caused by the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a global danger as of December 2019. At the clinical level, the COVID-19 is frequently measured using a Computed Tomography Scan Slice (CTS) or a Chest X-ray. The goal of this study is to develop an image processing method for analysing COVID-19 infection in CT Scan patients. The images in this study were preprocessed using the Hybrid Swarm Intelligence and Fuzzy DPSO algorithms. According to extensive computer simulations, the persistent learning strategy for CT image segmentation using image enhancement is more efficient and adaptive than the Medical Image Segmentation (MIS) method. The findings suggest that the proposed method is more dependable, accurate, and simple than existing methods.
«Eastern agreement» of Ismail Gasprinsky: The formation of an early Eurasian concept (1880–1890s)
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration, Seliverstov Sergey V.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the formation of the Eurasian intellectual tendency in Russia – based on the material of the Turkic social thought. The views of the Turkic-Muslim leader Ismail Gasprinsky are reconstructed. His ideas about the rapprochement between Russia and Turkey, about a potential «Eastern agreement» with the participation of Russia, Turkey, Persia and the Balkan states are shown. It is concluded that the idea of an «Eastern agreement» is (in terms of content and meaning) an early Eurasian/pro-Eurasian concept.
The problem of the continuity of state financial and economic policy in the era of Nicholas II: Witte, Kokovtsov, Bark
Authors:   Saratov State University, Zaytsev Maxim V.
Published: October 2021

The object of study is the principles of state economic policy during the reign of Nicholas II. The views and activities of finance ministers S. Yu. Witte, V. N. Kokovtsov and P. L. Bark are considered. The author analyzes the reasons and essence of changes in the economic priorities of the state. During this period, the policy of the Ministry of Finance was characterized by serious fluctuations caused by objective and subjective circumstances.
Lisle’s aristocracy family: Economy «old» nobility or wasteful gentry?
Authors:   Saratov State University, Kotlukova Darya A.
Published: October 2021

The article discusses the sources of income, expenses and methods of doing business in the aristocratic Lisle`s family. Based on the correspondence of the Lisle`s spouses with their managers and financial agents, it is revealed that the greatest income for the family came from the lease of land, extraction of tin, timber and the fish trade. The position of governor of Calais, held by Lord Lisle, also brought income. However, the expenses of the family associated with caring for the manors, the need to endorse the status of an aristocratic family, the costs of maintaining and educating the children, as well as endless litigation over land ownership, significantly worsened the financial situation of the family. The author concludes that, despite the various sources of income and the very impressive amounts obtained from them, the Lisle family permanently needed money, for this reason Lady Lisle was forced to look for new ways to replenish the family budget.
How the Russian-British commercial treaty of 1734 was prepared (based on the materials of diplomatic correspondence)
Authors:   Institute of World History of Russian Academy of Sciences, Labutina Tatiana L.
Published: October 2021

Based on the analysis of diplomatic correspondence of British ambassador in Russia at the court of Empress Anna Ioannovna highlights the process of preparation for the conclusion of the Russian-British commercial treaty in 1734. In foreign and Russian historiography, the treaty was actively discussed, but the plot related to its preparatory stage was poorly covered, or not touched at all. The author draws attention to the complex nature of the negotiations, the persistence and skill of the British negotiators in achieving their goals, and the weakness and inability to protect the national interests of certain high-ranking Russian officials. The treaty of 1734 is estimated by the author as unequal and the most profitable for the English merchant class.
The «Marshall Plan for Asia»: Genesis and collapse (1953–1955)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Shenin Sergey Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to studying the process of theoretical development and practical implementation of the plan for integrating the region of South and Southeast Asia into the U. S. strategy for restoring world trade, which is called the «Marshall plan for Asia» or AFAP. The Eisenhower administration’s desire to use the Cold War context to secure funding for the program from the U. S. Congress is emphasized. The reasons for the failure of the plan are analyzed, related to the contradictions between the countries of the region under consideration, as well as their fears of losing bilateral assistance from the United States.
Creation and deployment of scientific institutions for the study of Dagestan in the 20s of the 20th century
Authors:   Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mirzabekov Mirzabek Ya.
Published: October 2021

The article considers the activities of the authorities of the republic on the creation of scientific institutions in the region in the 20s of the twentieth century by using diverse factual material. In conclusion, the author comes to a reasonable conclusion that in the period under review, the first research institutes and laboratories began to function in the region, despite significant difficulties.
«I write these memoirs, first of all, with the aim to portray as truthfully and accurately as possible the events and people I met on my life path»
Authors:   Saratov State University, Varfolomeev Yuriy V.
Published: October 2021

The review analyzed the characteristics and content of a unique ego-source, the memoirs of a prominent figure in the revolutionary movement of late Imperial Russia S. A. Nikonova, on the pages which come to life fragments of revolutionary struggle and cultural-public life of Russia at the turn of the twentieth century, and presents a gallery of historical portraits and sketches prominent and often little-known characters of that era. The reviewer pays special attention to the evaluation of the scientific and publishing work on the preparation of this publication, done by Associate Professor V. A. Solomonov.
Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitude of Kindergarten Teachers about Primary Tooth Trauma in Khorramabad City
Authors: Golestannejad Zahra , Nazeri Rahman , Ghaiour Marzieh , Mehrfar Mahdieh
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Injury to both the primary and permanent dentitions is one of the most common dental problems. The prognosis of dental trauma depends on the basic measures taken immediately after trauma. This study was designed to assess the level of knowledge, the attitude of kindergarten coaches about primary teeth trauma in Khorramabad city.
Materials & Methods: In this Cross-sectional study, 100 kindergarten coaches in Khorramabad participated in this study in 2019-2020. A valid and reliable confirmed questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficients and independent t-test (p value < 0.05).
Results: In this study, the mean score of coaches’ attitude was 68.5 and the mean score of knowledge was 34.9. In the present study, the factors of gender, age, level of education had no significant relationship with their knowledge score (p value > 0.05) and attitude, but between work experience with knowledge scores (p value = 0.02) and attitude (p value = 0.004) and so between the level of knowledge (p value = 0.004) and attitude (p value = 0.008) and passing the dental emergency training course, a direct relationship was observed. In this study, there was a significant relationship 64% of the coaches experienced dental trauma and their mean score of knowledge (p value = 0.04) and attitude (p value = 0.001) was significantly higher than other coaches.
Conclusion: The assessed level of dental knowledge of the coaches participating in this study was poor, whereas their attitude about primary tooth trauma was good. The great suggestion is to hold educational programs in this regard to increase the level of knowledge of kindergarten coaches in the field of dental trauma.
Evaluation of Antibacterial and Anti-Fungal Effect of Zinc Oxide Nano Particles to Complete Denture Tissue Conditioners
Authors: Khaleghi Amin , Faghani Parisa , Azarian Borujeni Mojtaba
Published: October 2021

Introduction: The tissue conditioners are used to treat and prepare denture supporting tissue. This study aimedto evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on total denture tissue conditioners.
Materials & Methods: In this laboratory study, 144 samples were collected and evaluated. Synthesized ZnO nanoparticles usingthe optic-optic method and, they were homogeneous with a mass fraction (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20) according to the principles of the MIC method with tissue concentrators. In the present study, four bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis), which represent different types of pathogen microorganisms, were used. For measuring the growth rate of microorganisms, a spectrophotometer was used based on turbidity with donereadings at 600 nm. Included tests were ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. Considered significant level of 0.05.
Results: In the present study, increasing ZnO nanoparticles to tissue concentrators reduced the growth of all microorganisms studied. In the concentration of 20% absolute growth inhibition for Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurred. The best concentration for Candida, Enterococcus faecalis is in the concentration of 20% ZnO and, for Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a concentration of 5% ZnO.
Conclusion: Increasing the ZnO nanoparticles to improve tissue improves the growth of microorganisms.
The Effects of High School Basketball Player’s Sports Participa-tion Motivation on Achievement Goal Orientation and Achieve-ment Behaviors
Authors: Jung Young-Su , Kang Hyunwoo , Jang Seyong
Published: October 2021

Background: Although the motivation to set goals and taking steps to achieve them is essential for athletes wishing to progress to a professional level, motives for participating in sports vary depending on personal and physical characteristics. We aimed to investigate the effect of motivation to participate in sports on achievement goal orientation and achievement behavior in high-school basketball players.
Methods: The study included 256 female high-school basketball players from Busan, Korea, and was conducted between September and October 2020. The questionnaires obtained data regarding motivation to participate in sports, achievement goal orientation, and achievement behavior. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.
Results: Motivation to participate in sports exhibited a significant positive correlation with achievement goal orientation (P<0.05). Specifically, motivation related to the development of technical skills and achieving a sense of fulfillment, amusement, and health exerted a positive effect on task-goal orientation. Greater motivation related to technical skill development, attaining a sense of accomplishment, and improving health was associated with greater self-goal orientation. Additionally, achievement goal orientation exerted a significant positive effect on achievement behavior (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Given the relative unpopularity of basketball in Korea, it is crucial for players to develop high achievement goal orientation and engage in real efforts to translate such motivation into action. This goal- and achievement-oriented attitude should precede motivation for participating in basketball.
Mental Health Assessment of Cancer Patients: Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Vucic Veroljub , Radovanovic Snezana , Radevic Svetlana , Savkovic Zorica , Mihailovic Natasa , Mihaljevic Olgica , Macuzic Ivana Zivanović , Djordjic Milan , Gavrilovic Aleksandar , Matic Tatjana Boskovic
Published: October 2021

Background: Patients with oncological diseases often have mental disorders in the form of comorbidity. The aim of this study was to research the association of cancer with the presence of symptoms of depression and anxiety in primary health care patients.
Methods: This prospective observational study done in 2020 included adult users of health care at the Health Center Trstenik, Central Serbia, aged 19 and over, both sexes, with a diagnosis of oncological disease. A research instrument to assess depressive symptoms is used PHQ-9 (The Patient Health Questionnaire) questionnaire, derived from PRIME MD- and (The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders), and the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) to register the presence of certain anxiety symptoms.
Results: The largest percentage of patients had symptoms of mild (27.2%) or moderate depression (22%), while 18% reported symptoms of major depression. The level of depression was higher in older subjects, in the presence of chronic diseases with greater limitations of activity and the presence of difficulties in performing daily activities, with a more pronounced effect of pain on activity, the presence of stress. All subjects were characterized as persons with severe anxiety (score 26-63). The level of anxiety was higher in older respondents, in the presence of long-term illness, with greater limitations of activities and difficulties in performing daily activities, with a more pronounced influence of pain on performing activities and the influence of the media.
Conclusion: Caring for the mental health of cancer patients must occupy a significant part of each country's national health policy.
Lifetime Cost Effectiveness of Phenylketonuria Screening Na-tional Program in Iran
Authors: Heidari Alireza , Arab Mohammad , Damari Behzad
Published: October 2021

Background: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive disorder that screening and timely control of this disorder can prevent the adverse effects. Regarding the high prevalence of PKU in Iran, the PKU screening program was started in Iran in 2006. This study was conducted to determine the cost-effectiveness of PKU screening in Iran.
Methods: An economic evaluation was performed among screened and treated individuals compared to no screening in 2013. The study population included 1356132 newborns that screened for PKU diagnosis. Lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gains and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated from the perspective of government. A discount rate of 3% was considered for both QALYs and costs. A one-way sensitivity analysis was used for assessing the robustness of the results.
Results: The discounted lifetime cost of intervention and non-intervention were $59528953.8 and $85295501.6 respectively. Therefore, the total estimated cost saving was $25766547.84. PKU screening produces an ICER of $1844420 per QALY gained.
Conclusion: Screening and early treatment for PKU is highly cost-effective. Therefore, the screening can improve quality of life of the patients and increase financial saving in health system.
Human Cutaneous Leishmaniosis in Iran, Up to Date-2019
Authors: Razavi Mohamad Reza , Shirzad Mohammad Reza , Mohebali Mehdi , Yaghoobi-Ershadi Mohammad Reza , Vatandoost Hassan , Shirzadi Mehrshad , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi , Gharachorloo Faranak , Arshi Shahnam , Amiri Behzad
Published: October 2021

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected and parasitic vector borne diseases that is endemic in tropical and subtropical countries, including Iran. The aim of this study was to explain the present status of CL in Iran. This report is based on data that recorded by cutaneous leishmaniasis surveillance system in 2019, and evalu­ated in Center for Communicable Diseases Management in Ministry of Health in Iran. Iran has been considered an endemic area for cutaneous leishmani­asis in the world. Dependent to activities for cutaneous leishmaniasis control the number of cases decreased from 23202 in 2008 (Incidence rate 32 per 100000) to 13124 in 2019 (Incidence rate 15.8 per 100000), more cases reported from September to December, in 2019, 46% of cases had one lesion and 21% had 2 lesions, 85% of cases diagnosed when the diameter of lesions had 3 centimeters and bellows.
Although the Leishmania control program began in 1977, the incidence of the disease has dropped dramat­ically since 2008 when the new cutaneous leishmaniasis control program have been implemented. Although in some areas the inci­dence of the disease increased, but the implementation of the new program has reduced the number of cas­es, in order to continue reducing the disease, permanent support for the control programs is needed.
Current Status of Insecticide Susceptibility in the Principal Malaria Vector, Anopheles gambiae in Three Northern States of Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Mustapha Ahmed , Oshaghi Mohammad Ali , Vatandoost Hassan , Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali , Enayati Ahmadali , Jalo Rabiu Ibrahim , Aliyu Aminu Akande Oyebanji Azeez , Daneji Isa Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Background: Malaria is a major public health problem in Nigeria with 97% of its population with high morbidity and mortality. Mosquitoes play an important role in the transmission of malaria parasites. This study was conducted to eval­uate the current resistance status of Anopheles gambiae to insecticides. 
Methods: Larvae of An. gambiae was collected from three zones; A, B and C differentiated on the basis of variation in agricultural ecosystems between August and November, 2018 in the northeast and northwestern parts of Nigeria. They were carefully reared to adult stage and insecticidal susceptibility tests were conducted.
Results: The mosquitoes tested showed high levels of resistance to all the insecticides used with the exception of mala­thion. Study zone A, recorded 74% mortality after 24h to deltamethrin compared to 81% from zone B and 82% from zone C, respectively. Mosquitoes from zone B exposed to DDT had the highest level of resistance at 37% compared to 40% and 53% from zones A and C, respec­tively. Resistant to bendiocarb was also observed, with zone A having the lowest mortality of 44% com­pared to 48% from zone C and 55% from Zone B, respectively. According to the results of knockdown tests, mosquitoes from Zone A exposed to deltamethrin recorded the lowest knockdown across the study locations while zone B recorded the lowest knockdown for DDT.
Conclusion: The results of the study provide an insight into the current status of An. gambiae to four major insecticides in northern Nigeria as guideline for mosquitocontrol.
The Effect of Geographical and Climatic Factors on the Distribution of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Golestan Province, an Endemic Focus of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran, 2014
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Hamid , Allah-Kalteh Ehsan , Sofizadeh Aiuob
Published: October 2021

Background: Phlebotomus papatasi is known as the main vector of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of geographical and bioclimatic factors on the Ph. papatasi distribution.

Methods: A total of 34 villages were selected, and sampling was performed three times using 120 sticky traps in each selected village. All the collected species were mounted and identified their species. The densities of Ph. papatasi were measured in all the villages and entered into ArcMap as a point layer. The required bioclimatic and environmental vari- ables were extracted from the global climate database and The normalized difference vegetation index was obtained from the MODIS satellite imagery, also, all variables entered into ArcMap as raster layers, so The numerical value of each independent variable in the cell where the selected village is located in this, was extracted using spatial analyst tools and the value to point submenu. All the data were finally entered into IBM SPSS, and the relationship was exam- ined between the number of collected Ph. papatasi and the independent variables using Spearman's correlation test.

Results: A total of 1773 specimens of Ph. papatasi were collected. The findings of this study showed that max tem­perature of warmest month, temperature annual range, temperature seasonality, mean diurnal range, precipitation sea­sonality, mean temperature of driest and warmest quarter were positively associated with the density of Ph. papatasi.
Conclusion: Air temperature and precipitation were shown as the most significant factors in the distribution of Ph. pa­patasi.
Forced labor of Jews in the Szydłowiec ghetto during World War II - The nature of the work performed, its dimension and social aspects
Authors: Bodo Marlena
Published: October 2021

Purpose of the study: The article contains information on the forced labor performed by Jews for the benefit of Germans during the Second World War. The research area was narrowed down to the area of the Szydłowiec ghetto and its vicinity (the Radom district in the General Government. The text presents the types of work performed by Jews, forms of forcing them to take up forced labor, and their attempts to bypass German restrictions.

Methodology: This article is based on a comparative-historical method, the aim of which is to enable the researcher to identify Jews as a separate social group that was used by the Germans for forced labor. The use of this method is aimed at learning about the historical processes and mechanisms of functioning of selected Nazi restrictions in Poland. In addition, prosopographic and inductive methods as well as a method based on the grounded theory will be used. Moreover, due to the nature of the subject of the work, the research conducted in this field also requires the use of oral history.

Main Findings: Extremely burdensome, in many aspects, compulsion for Jews was the almost slave labor they performed for the benefit of the Germans. Every Jew had to work at least one day a week for the Third Reich. Jews were used for various types of work, including snow removal from roads. Slave labor for the benefit of the Nazis was one of the causes of the increasing poverty of Jews.

Application: The results of the research make a significant contribution to the knowledge of the history of Jews from Szydłowiec. This research not only broadens the knowledge about the history of the functioning of the Jewish community in Szydłowiec during World War II, but also broadens the knowledge about the history of the Holocaust and the mechanisms of crimes. These studies can be used to further analyze the situation of Jews during the German occupation in the territory of the Radom district, or more broadly, in the territory of the General Government.

Novelty/Originality of the study: For the first time in this study, many fragments of Jewish diaries from the Memorial Book of Szydłowiec were used (some of the memoirs were published only in Yiddish). The article is the basis for further research on the history of Jews during World War II in the area of the Radom district.
Calculation of the creation and annihilation operators of a free particle in the light cone coordinate formalism
Authors: Kamassury Jorge Kysnney Santos , Meira Filho Damião Pedro , Silva Charles da Rocha , Pampolha Júnior João Bosco Soares , Silva Robhyson Denys Rodrigues da , Pinto Asael Ribeiro
Published: October 2021

This work didactically presents the mathematical procedures required for the construction of the creation and annihilation operators for a free quantum particle considering the coordinates of the light cone. For that, the relationships between the aforementioned coordinates and the coordinates (ct, x, y, z) are listed, in addition to the use of the Klein-Gordon-Fock equation in the formalism of the light cone coordinates. Finally, the temporal evolution operator and the quantum operators of creation and annihilation of the integral type of motion are obtained.
Síndrome coronario agudo atípico, un reto diagnóstico: revisión de tema
Authors: Hoyos Gutiérrez Sebastián , Botero López Diego Alejandro , Agudelo Aguilar Isabela , Ortiz Moreno Alejandra , Arango Serrano Juan José , Díaz Gamboa Juan José , Valencia Ortiz Nelcy Lorena , Martínez Cano Carlos Arturo
Published: October 2021

El síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) es la principal causa de muerte, por esta razón, es fundamental reconocer sus características clínicas. Tradicionalmente ha sido descrito un cuadro denominado típico, consistente en dolor torácico retroesternal o en la región izquierda del tórax, explicado como una sensación de presión o pesadez, de duración superior a 20 minutos, que se puede irradiar a la extremidad superior izquierda o derecha, cuello o mandíbula, asociado a diaforesis y náuseas. Diversos grupos de pacientes como mujeres, diabéticos, ancianos y con antecedentes de falla cardiaca o accidente cerebrovascular presentan cuadros llamados atípicos, que en gran proporción no manifiestan dolor torácico. Varios estudios plantean que no hay síntomas suficientemente sensibles y específicos para ser considerados típicos en el contexto del SCA, por lo que el diagnóstico debe incluir además de la evaluación clínica, el electrocardiograma, los factores de riesgo y los biomarcadores. El uso de puntajes de riesgo como el HEART ha demostrado ser útil en este escenario.
Toxicidad por metformina, más allá de la falla renal y la acidosis láctica: reporte de dos casos
Authors: Upegui Santiago , Orozco Vásquez María Adelaida , Berrouet Mejía Marie Claire
Published: October 2021

El suicidio es un problema de salud pública grave, vincula frecuentemente al consumo de medicamentos. La metformina es un fármaco antihiperglicemiante de fácil acceso y la sobredosis implica riesgos metabólicos, entre ellos, la acidosis láctica es el principal. Teniendo en cuenta la frecuencia de su consumo, es necesario que el personal de salud conozca los riesgos que implica la intoxicación y los signos y síntomas iniciales, pues del manejo adecuado dependerá un pronóstico favorable. El objetivo de este reporte es evidenciar los riesgos metabólicos renales-hemodinámicos, asociados a la toxicidad por metformina, además de resaltar la necesidad de considerar el uso temprano de la terapia de remplazo renal y de concientizar a los clínicos de que exponer a los pacientes a un medicamento, es también exponerlo a efectos adversos o a abuso con fines autolesivos.
Critical Perspectives on Disability Documentation in Higher Education: Current Trends and Observations
Authors: Banerjee Manju , Lalor Adam
Published: October 2021

The role of disability documentation in establishing eligibility for disability status, student support services, and accommodations in higher education has waxed and waned in the last two decades. At one time, referral for evaluation and the resulting disability documentation were essential prerequisites in establishing postsecondary accommodations. Appropriate documentation describing the disability resulted in legal protections (National Joint Committee on Learning Disabilities, 2007). Without this documentation, individuals were ineligible for a host of work-related and educational accommodations and support services. But now legal, research-based, and educational perspectives are informing a new approach to the use and importance of disability documentation. This article presents critical and differing perspectives which build on observed trends and practices in disability documentation requirements and accommodation decision-making.
Non-Burdensome Process: An Argument in Support of Reframing What Constitutes Necessary Disability Documentation
Authors: Axelrod Jamie , Meyer Adam , Alexander Julie , Hall Enjie , Orr Kristie
Published: October 2021

Institutions of higher education and their respective disability offices have been challenged with determining how to apply the 2008 Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA) in our present-day work settings. Prior to the amendments, third-party documentation was considered essential almost to the point of being non-negotiable in need for most disability offices to facilitate accommodations for disabled students (The authors have made an intentional choice to utilize identity-first language to challenge negative connotations associated with the term disability and highlight the role that inaccessible systems and environments play in disabling people). The ADAAA questioned this mindset. Students with disabilities often found (and still find) themselves burdened financially and procedurally by disability offices requiring documentation to the point where students may not receive the access they truly need. Furthermore, college campuses are increasingly focusing on the limitations of the environment and not the person. As a result of this evolution, the Association on Higher Education and Disability (AHEAD) offered a new framework in 2012 describing how to define documentation. For professionals in the higher education disability field and for those invested in this work, it is critical to grasp the evolving understanding of what constitutes documentation and necessary information to make disability accommodation decisions. Otherwise, disabiled students may be further excluded from higher education access.
Social Prescribing and Therapeutic Recreation: Making the Connection
Authors: Mahut Mattea , Fortune Darla
Published: October 2021

An increasing number of people are experiencing social isolation and loneliness and this trend is becoming cause for concern around the world. Considering that isolation and loneliness give rise to a number of health problems, it is essential to find innovative ways to address this issue. One such approach is to enhance experiences of belonging within communities. Social prescribing (SP) is a method that can promote belonging by connecting people to the social support they need. The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential relationship that can exist between therapeutic recreation (TR) and SP. As we explain, TR can complement SP efforts by ensuring people have access to inclusive, social leisure and recreation opportunities. In this sense, TR professionals are well positioned to be key players in SP processes. We contend that TR practice is best positioned to work in tangent with SP to nurture socially connected communities when it focuses on building community capacity, facilitates welcoming and inclusive leisure and recreation experiences that foster regular social interaction, and adopts principles of community development as part of a social justice model of practice.
Leisure and the Therapeutic Relationship: Contributing to Meaningful Lives
Authors: Wise James
Published: October 2021

The primary goal of human beings is creating meaningful, healthy lives out of their existence, a task tailored to therapeutic recreation (TR). In this article, the core elements of TR, leisure and the helping relationship between professionals and service recipients, are examined through the lens of hermeneutic phenomenology. Hermeneutic phenomenology is a philosophical perspective centered on understanding how people interpret and assign meanings to lived experiences. Applying the philosophical perspective to TR, leisure generates meaningful experiences that therapeutic recreation specialists (TRSs) and service recipients collaboratively weave into personal narratives. The result is service recipients living well and flourishing. Conceiving of TR in this manner entails that our services are germane for all people.
Research on Nonlinear Deformation and Stability of an Aircraft Fuselage Composite Section under Transverse Bending
Authors: Zheleznov L.P. , Seriosnov A.N.
Published: October 2021

Currently, there is a lack of studies on the strength and stability of reinforced composite shells, taking into account the momentness and nonlinearity of the initial stress-strain state. Most of the known solutions to the shells stability problems are obtained by analytical and numerical methods, as a rule, in the linear approximation, i.e. in the classical formulation. A developed technique is proposed implementing the finite element method for solving the problems of strength and stability of discrete-reinforced cylindrical shells made of the composite material, taking into account the momentness and nonlinearity of their subcritical stress-strain state. The transverse bending stability of the reinforced aircraft fuselage compartment made of composite material has been investigated. The effect of deformation nonlinearity, stiffness of stringer set, shell thickness on critical loads of the shell instability has been determined.