bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODELING THE ASTROPHYSICAL DYNAMICAL PROCESS WITH LASER-PLASMAS
Authors: XIA JIANG-FAN  , ZHANG JUN  , ZHANG JIE  ,   中国科学院物理研究所光物理实验室,北京100080
Published: December 2020

The use of the state-of-the-art laser facility makes it possible to create conditions of the same or similar to those in the astrophysical processes.The introduction of the astrophysics-relevant ideas in laser-plasma experiments is propitious to the understanding of the astrophysical phenomena.However,the great difference between the laser-produced plasmas and the astrophysical processes makes it awkward to model the latter by laser-plasma experiments.This paper addresses the physical backgrounds for modeling the astrophysical plasmas by laser plasmas, connecting these two kinds of plasmas by scaling laws.Thus,allowing the creation of experimental test beds where observations and models can be quantitatively compared with laser-plasma data.Special attentions are paid on the possibilities of using home-made laser facilities to model astrophysical phenomena.
SiO2气凝胶薄膜常压制备与强化研究
Authors: Wu Guang-Ming  , Lu Hong-Yan  , Wang Yu  , Shen Jun  , Zhou Bin  , Zhang Qin-Yuan  , Deng Zhong-Sheng  ,   同济大学波耳固体物理研究所,上海200092
Published: December 2020

Ｓｃｒａｔｃｈ ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔｓｉｌｉｃａａｅｒｏｇｅｌｆｉｌｍｓｗｉｔｈａ 77%ｐｏｒｏｓｉｔｙａｎｄ 1 . 1 2ｒｅｆｒａｃｔｉｖｅｉｎｄｅｘａｔａｍｂｉｅｎｔｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｉｓｒｅｐｏｒｔｅｄｕｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｓｏｌｖｅｎｔａｎｄｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆ—ＣＨ3 ｇｒｏｕｐ.Ｔｈｅｓｉｌｉｃａｆｉｌｍｓｗｅｒｅｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄｉｎａｓｏｌ ｇｅｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｂｙａｄｉｐ ｃｏａｔｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄ ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｗｅｒｅｐｏｓｔａｎｎｅａｌｅｄｉｎａｉｒａｎｄａｍｉｘｅｄｇａｓａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅ.Ｔｈｅｆｉｌｍｓｗｅｒｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｒａｎｓｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｅ,ｓｃａｎｎｉｎｇｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｅ,ＦｏｕｒｉｅｒＴｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｉｎｆｒａｒｅｄｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｓｃｏｐｅ,ａｎｅｌｌｉｐｓｏｍｅｔｅｒ,ａｎｄｔｈｅａｂｒａｓｉｏｎｔｅｓｔ,ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ.Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐｏｓｔａｎｎｅａｌｉｎｇ,ｔｈｅｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙｓｈｉｆｔｏｆＦＴＩＲａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎω4(ＴＯ3 )ｐｅａｋｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｌｍｓｔｏａｌｏｗｅｒｗａｖｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｆｒｏｍａｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅａｖｅｒａｇｅＳｉ—Ｏ—Ｓｉｂｒｉｄｇｉｎｇａｎｇｌｅ.Ａｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｆｕｌｌｗｉｄｔｈａｔｈａｌｆ ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ (ＦＷＨＭ)ｏｆｔｈｅω4ｐｅａｋｉｓａｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｔｏａｗｉｄｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｂｒｉｄｇｉｎｇａｎｇｌｅｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔｒａｉｎｅｄＳｉ—Ｏ—Ｓｉｂｏｎｄｓｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｐｏｓｔａｎｎｅａｌｉｎｇ.Ｔｈｅａｂｒａｓｉｏｎａｎｄａｄｈｅｓｉｏｎｔｅｓｔｓｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｍｉｘｅｄｇａｓｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｎｏｔｉｃｅａｂｌｙｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｓｔｈｅｓｉｌｉｃａｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ .ＴｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｉｓａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｔｏｍｏｒｅＳｉ—Ｏ—Ｓｉｂｏｎｄｃｒｏｓｓ ｌｉｎｋａｇｅｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｓｉｌｉｃａｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｍｉｘｅｄｇａｓｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ.
微量硼掺杂非晶硅的瞬态光电导衰退及其光致变化
Authors: Zhang Shi-Bin  , Kong Guang-Lin  , Xu Yan-Yue  , Wang Yong-Qian  , Diao Hong-Wei  , Liao Xian-Bo  ,   中国科学院半导体研究所凝聚态物理中心,表面物理国家实验室,北京100083
Published: December 2020

Ｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔｐｈｏｔｏｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙａｎｄｉｔｓｌｉｇｈｔ ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｃｈａｎｇｅｗｅｒｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄｂｙｕｓｉｎｇａＭｏｄｅｌ440 0ｂｏｘｃａｒａｖｅｒａｇｅｒａｎｄｓｉｇｎａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｒｆｏｒｌｉｇｈｔｌｙｂｏｒｏｎ ｄｏｐｅｄａ Ｓｉ∶Ｈｆｉｌｍｓ.Ｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔｐｈｏｔｏｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓａｍｐｌｅｗｅｒｅｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄａｔａｎａｎｎｅａｌｅｄｓｔａｔｅａｎｄｌｉｇｈｔ ｓｏａｋｅｄｓｔａｔｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔｄｅｃａｙｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｔｈｅｐｈｏｔｏｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｃａｎｂｅｆｉｔｔｅｄｆａｉｒｌｙｗｅｌｌｂｙａｓｅｃｏｎｄ ｏｒｄｅｒｅｘｐｏｎｅｎｔｉａｌｄｅｃａｙｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｎｄｉｃａｔｅｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｄｅｃａｙｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｓｒｅｌａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｗｏｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｔｒａｐｓ.Ｉｔｉｓｎｏｔｅｗｏｒｔｈｙｔｈａｔｔｈｅｐｈｏｔｏｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｌｍｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓａｆｔｅｒｌｉｇｈｔ ｓｏａｋｉｎｇ.ＴｈｉｓｍａｙｂｅｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｄｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅｂｏｒｏｎａｃｃｅｐｔｏｒＢ-4,ａｎｄｔｈｕｓｓｏｍｅｏｆｔｈｅｂｏｒｏｎａｔｏｍｓｃａｎｎｏｌｏｎｇｅｒａｃｔａｓａｃｃｅｐｔｏｒｓａｎｄｄｒｉｖｅｓＥＦｔｏｓｈｉｆｔｓｕｐｗａｒｄ .Ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ,ｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｒｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎｃｅｎｔｅｒｓｍａｙｂｅｒｅｄｕｃｅｄａｎｄｓｏｔｈｅｐｈｏｔｏｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓ.
AlGaAs∶Sn中DX中心电子俘获势垒的精细结构
Authors: Xiao Xi-Feng  , Kang Jun-Yong  ,   厦门大学物理系,厦门361005
Published: December 2020

ＶｏｌｔａｇｅｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｔｈｅｒｍａｌｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｃａｐｔｕｒｅａｎｄｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｏｆＤＸｃｅｎｔｅｒｓｉｎｎ ｔｙｐｅＳｎ ｄｏｐｅｄＡｌ0 . 2 6 Ｇａ0 .74Ａｓｗｅｒｅ
ｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｃａｐａｃｉｔａｎｃｅｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅａｎｄｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｂｙＬａｐｌａｃｅｄｅｆｅｃｔｓｐｅｃｔｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ (ＬＤＳ) .Ｂｙａｎａｌｙｚｉｎｇｔｈｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｄｉｓｃｒｅｔｅｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｒａｔｅｓｗｉｔｈｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｃａｐｔｕｒｅｐｅｒｉｏｄｓ,ｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｄｉｓｃｒｅｔｅｃａｐｔｕｒｅａｎｄｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｒａｔｅｓａｎｄｃａｐｔｕｒｅｃｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｓｗｅｒｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄ .ＴｈｅｆｉｎｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｃａｐｔｕｒｅｂａｒｒｉｅｒｓｏｆｔｈｅＳｎ ｒｅｌａｔｅｄＤＸｃｅｎｔｅｒｓｗｅｒｅｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｂｙｌｉｎｅａｒｆｉｔｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｄａｔａｏｆｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ ｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｃａｐｔｕｒｅｃｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｓ.ＴｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｃａｌｃｕａｔｅｄｂｙｕｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｐｓｅｕｄｏｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｔｈｅｆｉｎｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｃａｐｔｕｒｅｂａｒｒｉｅｒｓｍａｉｎｌｙｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｔｏＡｌ ＧａａｔｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｌｏｃａｌｃｏｎｆｉｇｕｒａｔｉｏｎｓｎｅａｒＳｎａｔｏｍｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅａｌｌｏｙｒａｎｄｏｍｅｆｆｅｃｔ.
量子Turbo码
Authors: Zhang Quan  , Tang Chao-Jing  , Gao Feng  ,   国防科技大学电子科学与工程学院,长沙410073
Published: December 2020

Ｑｕａｎｔｕｍｅｒｒｏｒｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｃｏｄｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙｉｓｏｆｇｒｅａｔｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｃｅｆｏｒｑｕａｎｔｕｍｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｑｕａｎｔｕｍｃｏｍｐｕｔａ ｔｉｏｎ .Ｎｅａｒｌｙａｌｌｏｆｔｈｅｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌｅｒｒｏｒｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｃｏｄｉｎｇｓｃｈｅｍｅｓｈａｖｅ ,ｆｏｒｔｈｅｔｉｍｅｂｅｉｎｇ,ｂｅｅｎｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｄｏｍａｉｎｏｆｑｕａｎｔｕｍｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ;ｎｅｖｅｒｔｈｅｌｅｓｓ,ｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｏｕｔｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｓｃｈｅｍｅｉｎｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌｃｏｄｉｎｇｒｅｇｉｏｎ ,ｔｕｒｂｏｃｏｄｅ ,ｓｔｉｌｌｌａｃｋｓｔｈｅｑｕａｎｔｕｍａｎａｌｏ ｇｙｔｉｌｌｎｏｗ .Ｗｅｈａｖｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｄａｓｉｍｐｌｅｓｃｈｅｍｅｏｆｑｕａｎｔｕｍｒｅｃｕｒｓｉｖｅｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃｃｏｎｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｌｃｏｄｅｂｙｍｅａｎｓｏｆｑｕａｎｔｕｍｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒｎｅｔｗｏｒｋ .Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ,ａｋｉｎｄｏｆｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔｑｕａｎｔｕｍｉｎｔｅｒｗｅａｖｅｒｉｓｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｅｄｕｓｉｎｇｏｎｌｙｑｕａｎｔｕｍＳＷＡＰｇａｔｅｓ.ＡｌｓｏａｓｅｒｉａｌｌｙｃｏｎｃａｔｅｎａｔｅｄｑｕａｎｔｕｍＴｕｒｂｏｃｏｄｅｉｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｂｙａｎａｌｏｇｙｔｏｔｈｅｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌＴｕｒｂｏｃｏｄｅ .Ａｓｌｉｍｉｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｑｕａｎｔｕｍｎｏｎ -ｃｌｏｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｏｒｅｍ ,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｑｕａｎｔｕｍｔｕｒｂｏｃｏｄｅｉｓｓｅｒｉａｌｌｙｃｏｎｃａｔｅｎａｔｅｄ .Ｑｕａｎｔｕｍｔｕｒｂｏｃｏｄｅｍａｙｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｅｘｔｅｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｒｅａｏｆｑｕａｎｔｕｍｅｒｒｏｒｃｏｒｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｃｏｄｉｎｇｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ,ｂｕｔａｌｓｏｓｏｌｖｅｔｈｅｐｕｚｚｌｅｉｎｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌｃｏｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｏｒｙ.
薄栅氧化层中陷阱电荷密度的测量方法
Authors: Liu Hong-Xia  , Zheng Xue-Feng  , Hao Yao  ,   西安电子科技大学微电子研究所,西安710071
Published: December 2020

Ｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓａｎｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｆｏｒｍｅａｓｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｏｆｔｒａｐｐｉｎｇｃｈａｒｇｅｓ.Ｔｈｉｓｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｓｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｄｙ
ｎａｍｉｃｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｔｒａｐｐｅｄｃｈａｒｇｅｓ.ＷｅｃａｎｏｂｔａｉｎｔｈｅｄｅｎｓｉｔｙａｎｄｔｈｅｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｒａｐｐｉｎｇｃｈａｒｇｅｓｂｙｍｅａｓｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙＣ ＶｃｕｒｖｅｏｆＭＯＳｃａｐａｃｉｔａｎｃｅｂｅｆｏｒｅａｎｄａｆｔｅｒｓｔｒｅｓｓ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｇａｔｅｖｏｌｔａｇｅｕｎｄｅｒｃｏｎｓｔａｎｔｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｓｔｒｅｓｓ.Ｔｈｅａｎａｌｙｔｉｃａｌｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｎｓｉｔｙｏｆｔｒａｐｐｉｎｇｃｈａｒｇｅｓｉｓｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄ .Ｔｈｅｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎａｒｅａｌｓｏｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄ .Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｓｈｏｗｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｓｃｏｎｖｅｎｉｅｎｔａｎｄｐｒｅｃｉｓｅ .
La segunda persona objetivadora (tú) en las redes sociales y revistas: datos de textos escritos
Authors: Zaida Gonzalez Abrante
Published: December 2020

La segunda persona del singular tú en el español puede adquirir dos tipos de referencias diferentes, dependiendo de las situaciones discursivas y comunicativas en las que se utilice. El primer uso es el deíctico, es decir, aquella que apela directamente al oyente. El segundo es el uso no deíctico, es decir, el que se utiliza no para referirse a un oyente real, sino para transmitir significados que tradicionalmente se han denominado como generales o inespecíficos. Este fenómeno ha sido denominado como tú genérico o inespecífico. Sin embargo, en investigaciones recientes que han profundizado en las propiedades cognitivas y discursivas de este uso, se ha optado por denominarlo como tú objetivador debido a que se trata de un recurso comunicativo que tiende a expresar el discurso de forma objetiva mediante la prominencia cognitiva. Se analizará el uso de la segunda persona del singular tú como recurso objetivador en el discurso escrito de las redes sociales y publicaciones periódicas, partiendo de la idea de que, al ser la expresión de opiniones, argumentaciones o ideas propias y la propia experiencia personal las funciones que más aparecen en las redes sociales y revistas, este debe usarse para construir un significado que ayude a logar tal objetivo comunicativo. Este presenta dos variantes: expresa y omitida, lo que implica que cada una de estas expresa un significado diferente. Además de esto, hay elementos gramaticales o inductores de genericidad que promueven ese uso objetivador del pronombre tú.
Tracking the dynamics of individual gut microbiome of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus during gut regeneration
Authors: Yamazaki Yohei , Sakai Yuichi , Yu Juanwen , Mino Sayaka , Sawabe Tomoo
Published: December 2020

Sea cucumbers possess the remarkable capacity to regenerate their body parts or organs. Regeneration of host organs and/or body parts involves reconstruction of the host associated microbiota, however, the dynamics and contribution of microbiota to the regeneration process are largely unknown due to a lack of experimental models. To track the dynamics of individual gut microbiomes during gut regeneration, both caged mariculture and laboratory isolator systems of sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) were developed and longitudinal meta16S analyses were performed. Under natural environmental conditions in the caged mariculture system, both bacterial and eukaryotic communities in sea cucumbers’ guts appeared to be reconstructed within 4 months after evisceration. Using the laboratory isolator, which can trace daily dynamics, we found that fecal microbiota collected before evisceration were clearly different from those collected after evisceration. We also identified eight key bacteria, belonging to Alteromonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Oceanospirillaceae and family-unassigned Gammaproteobacteria, suggesting that these bacteria might interact with the host during the gut regeneration process. Six of the eight key bacteria were isolated for further bioassay using the isolator developed in this study to test whether these isolates affect gut regeneration.
An Analytical Study on Research Trends in Auriculotherapy in Korea
Authors: Kim Mijung , Chung Eunyoung , Jung Mi Sook
Published: December 2020

Purpose: This study was done to analyze research articles and explore research trends in auriculotherapy between 2010 and 2019 in Korean academic journals.Methods: Domestic databases including KMbase, RISS, KISS, and NDSL were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2019. Research trends were analyzed according to The STandards Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) guidelines including research design, control group type, and intervention details from a total of 78 domestic papers. Descriptive statistics were analyzed by frequency and percentage.Results: Most studies were conducted in nursing. Regarding research design, a quasi-experimental design with a no-treatment control group was most common. There were 12 conditions with 4 participant categories. The most common intervention was four-point acupuncture-buried therapy. Interventions conducted weekly with cessation of 2 days for 6 weeks were popular. Regarding dropouts, few studies reported side-effects, with personal reasons being the most frequently reported. However, 50% of the studies failed to provide adequate information regarding intervention details according to the STRICTA guidelines, such as the practitioner background, ear point used for intervention, and a flow diagram.Conclusion: Interventional studies on auriculotherapy have been steadily increasing and have included more diversified conditions. Future studies should investigate the effects of auriculotherapy with more rigorous design, and report more detailed information regarding interventions.
Effect of Skin Disinfection according to the Disinfection Frequency in Peripheral Intravenous Therapy
Authors: Park Jinhee , Chang Soo Jung
Published: December 2020

Purpose: For this study the effect of skin disinfection according to the disinfection frequency in peripheral intravenous therapy was examined.Methods: One hundred and twenty skin disinfections, three sections on the right forearm and three sections on the left forearm, were performed on each of 20 seniors in the school of nursing, and 240 microbial cultures were performed before and after the skin disinfection at each site. Single-use sterile packaged 83% alcohol cotton was used to disinfect. The skin was disinfected once, twice, or three times for 5 seconds per session and then allowed to dry for one minute. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Generalized Estimation Equation (GEE).Results: There was no significant difference in the number of microbial colonies by the number of disinfections (p=.599) as well as the number of microbial colonies among those disinfected the same number of times (p=.440). However, the number of microbial colonies after disinfection was significantly lower than that before disinfection (p<.001). The interaction effect, which was the difference in the decrease of microbial colonies by the number of disinfections, was not significant (p=.101).Conclusion: Prior to peripheral intravenous injection, disinfecting the skin once for five seconds with an 83% alcohol swab was as effective as disinfecting it twice for 10 seconds or three times for 15 seconds. Therefore, disinfecting the skin thoroughly for 5 seconds or more with an 83% alcohol cotton swab is sufficient for peripheral vein injections in the clinical field.
Influence of Organic Manures on Soil Physical Properties, Organic Carbon and Crop Yield in Okra-Dhaincha-broccoli Cropping Sequence
Authors: Vikas Vishaw , Sharma Jag Paul , Mondal A. K. , Sharma Vikas , Samanta Abhijit , Chopra Sandeep , Rizvi S. E. H. , Singh S. K. , Sharma Rohit , Dhotra Balbir
Published: December 2020

A study was conducted at Organic Farming Research Centre of SKUAST -Jammu during 2016 to 2017 to find out the impact of organic manures on soil organic carbon, physical and crop growth parameters Okra-Dhaincha-Broccoli cropping sequence. The Soil Organic Carbon was analyzed by Chromic acid wet digestion method. However, in soil physical properties Bulk density was analyzed by Core method, water holding capacity by Keen Rackzowski Method and Infiltration rate by Double Ring Method. In the experiment, soil organic carbon was found non-significant in experiment. Bulk density was found to be significant in year 2016 and 2017 as very captivating change was observed as compared to control; T8 as the lowest value treatment with value 1.26 g cm-3 was recorded. Water holding capacity was found to be significant in year 2016 and 2017 as very positive change was observed as compared to control as WHC with highest value 43.68% was noted in T8 in 2017. Infiltration rate was also found to be significant in year 2016-17 as very positive change was observed as compared to control. Significant improvement in root volume, root length was observed in Okra and same was noted in size of curd in broccoli as compared to control. The significant impact of organic manures on soil quality parameters will provide a new way to improve the soil health and productivity in a sustainable way.
Gender Differences in Prescribing Antihypertensive Drugs in a Public Hospital in Alkharj
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Menshawy Menshawy A. , Almalki Ziyad S.
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Hypertension is considered one of the most significant risk factors for mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are major clinical implications for gender-specific pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. It is important to know the potential gender differences in hypertension treatment and to know the prescribing trends in male and female hypertensive patients in order to optimize the treatment of hypertension.

Aim: This is a retrospective study that aims to describe the difference in prescribing antihypertensive drugs between male and female patients.

Methodology: This is a retrospective study that includes the revision of patient electronic records of outpatients with hypertension in 2018 in Alkharj.

Results: The total number of prescribed antihypertensive drugs was 1838 drugs. The calcium channel blocker was the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive class (27.86%). The study showed that there are different patterns of antihypertensive drug use among hypertensive men and women and showed that female patients are more frequently treated with diuretics and less frequently with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptors blockers than male patients.

Conclusion: Stratified guidelines and policies based on gender will be appropriate if more studies show a difference in the efficacy and safety of antihypertensive drugs between male and female patients. It is important to conduct more studies about these differences.
Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Extracts from Ampelocissus africana (Lour) Merr (Vitaceae) Rhizomes
Authors: Kabré W. Leila Marie Esther Belem- , Ouédraogo Noufou , Coulibaly Adjaratou Compaoré- , Traoré Mariam Nebié- , Traoré Tata K. , Koala Moumouni , Belemnaba Lazare , Kini Felix B. , Kiendrebeogo Martin
Published: December 2020

Aims: To determine the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic and aqueous extracts from Ampelocissus africana (Lour) Merr rhizomes.

Study Design: Phytochemical content and screening, in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Traditional Pharmacopoeia and Pharmacy (MEPHATRA / PH) of the Institute for Research in Health Sciences (IRSS) and Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Chemistry (LABIOCA), University Joseph KI-ZERBO in Ouagadougou between April and August 2020.

Methodology: The antioxidant activity of both extracts of the plant was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS+ radical cation decolorization, ferric ion reduction and lipid peroxidation inhibition in rat liver assays. The anti-inflammatory activities in vitro were measured on the ability of the extract to inhibit the activity of enzymes such as 15-lipoxygenase, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2).

Results: This study revealed that the total phenolic contents of the extracts varied from 471.79 ± 1.71 mg GAE/g to 173.88 ± 1.71 mg GAE/g for methanolic and aqueous extract respectively. The extracts were also rich in flavonoids and tannins. The methanolic extract possessed better antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 2.32 ± 0.18 µg/ml for the ABTS, 1.71 ± 0.05 µg/mL for the DPPH, a reducing power agent of 87.44 ± 0.5 mmol AAE /100 g and a percentage inhibition of lipid peroxidation of 52.21%. The methanolic and aqueous extract of A. africana has an inhibitory action on activity of lipoxygenase with IC50 values of 26.09 ± 1.83 μg/mL to 34.32 ± 1.60 μg/mL, respectively. The methanolic extract caused COX-1 inhibition of 36.07%, COX-2 inhibition of 38.31% and PLA2 inhibition of 26.9%.

Conclusion: These results showed that the methanolic and aqueous extract from the rhizomes of Ampelocissus africana possessed antioxidant power, inhibitor effect against proinflammatory enzymes.
Strategy to Construct 1,2,3‐Triazoles by K2CO3‐Mediated [4+1] Annulation Reactions of N‐Acetyl Hydrazones with Bifunctional Amino Reagents
Authors: Zhang Xiaoke , Pan Yang , Wang Haibo , Liang Chong , Ma Xiaofeng , Jiao Wei , Shao Huawu
Published: December 2020

K2CO3‐mediated [4+1] annulation reactions of N‐acetyl hydrazones with bifunctional amino reagents are described, which provide an environmental‐friendly strategy to construct 1,2,3‐triazoles that does not employ metals, azides, organocatalysis, or oxidants. A series of substituted 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives was prepared with good yields.

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A Novel Long Non‐Coding RNA lnc030 Maintains Breast Cancer Stem Cell Stemness by Stabilizing SQLE mRNA and Increasing Cholesterol Synthesis
Authors: Qin Yilu , Hou Yixuan , Liu Shuiqing , Zhu Pengpeng , Wan Xueying , Zhao Maojia , Peng Meixi , Zeng Huan , Li Qiao , Jin Ting , Cui Xiaojiang , Liu Manran
Published: December 2020

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered the roots of cancer metastasis and recurrence (CSCs), due in part to their self‐renewal and therapy resistance properties. However, the underlying mechanisms for the regulation of CSC stemness are poorly understood. Recently, increasing evidence shows that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators for cancer cell function in various malignancies including breast cancer, but how lncRNAs regulate the function of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) remains to be determined. Herein, using lncRNA/mRNA microarray assays, a novel lncRNA (named lnc030) is identified, which is highly expressed in BCSCs in vitro and in vivo, as a pivotal regulator in maintaining BCSC stemness and promoting tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, lnc030 cooperates with poly(rC) binding protein 2(PCBP2) to stabilize squalene epoxidase (SQLE) mRNA, resulting in an increase of cholesterol synthesis. The increased cholesterol in turn actives PI3K/Akt signaling, which governs BCSC stemness. In summary, these findings demonstrate that a new, lnc030‐based mechanism for regulating cholesterol synthesis and stemness properties of BCSCs. The lnc030‐SQLE‐cholesterol synthesis pathway may serve as an effective therapeutic target for BCSC elimination and breast cancer treatment.
The residual impact of straw mulch and biochar amendments on soil physiochemical properties and yield of maize under rainfed system
Authors: Khan Ismail , Chen Taotao , Farooq Muhammad , Luan Ce , Wu Qi , wanning Dai , Xu Su , Li‐xue Wang
Published: December 2020

Global warming and climate alterations have adversely affected agricultural production systems. The application of biochar can help mitigate climate change impacts and enhance the production and quality of agriculture. The field experiments were conducted during 2018 and 2019 to evaluate the effects of straw mulch (0 and 8 tons ha−1) and biochar (0, 4, 12, and 36 tons ha−1) on soil temperature, soil pH, bulk density, electric conductivity, cation exchange capacity, soil organic carbon, soil nutrient status (available P, K, NO3−, and NH4+) at various soil depth (10, 20, and 30 cm), and yield and yield‐related traits of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.). The results showed that addition of biochar regulated the soil temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, and increased the soil organic carbon, soil nutrient status (available P, K, NO3−, and NH4+) compared to non‐biochar‐treated soils. In contrast, the higher amount of biochar (36 tons ha−1) application decreased the soil bulk density compared to control. However, the combined application of straw mulch and biochar improved the grain yield and yield contributing traits of maize. In conclusion, either straw mulch and biochar or combined straw mulch + biochar‐based soil management techniques regulate the temperature and physiochemical properties of soil. These improvements in soil properties increased the grain yield of rainfed maize and help to mitigate global warming.
Comparing cancer risk estimates using occupational record linkage approaches in male Florida firefighters
Authors: McClure Laura A. , Koru‐Sengul Tulay , Hernandez Monique N. , Caban‐Martinez Alberto J. , Kobetz Erin N. , Lee David J.
Published: December 2020

Background

Firefighters have an increased risk of cancer, but variations in reported results could be due to differences in occupational case ascertainment. This study compares cancer risk estimates generated by identifying firefighters from their occupational title available in the Florida Cancer Data System (FCDS) versus identification by a linkage method between the FCDS and the Florida State Fire Marshal's Office.

Methods

Florida firefighter employment records (1972–2012; n = 109,009) were linked with FCDS data (1981–2014; ~3.3 million records), identifying 3760 primary cancers in male firefighters. Using the FCDS occupational data field we identified 1831 male cancer cases in those classified as firefighters, first‐line supervisors of firefighting and prevention workers, fire inspectors, emergency medical technicians, or paramedics. Age and calendar year‐adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals for firefighters versus non‐firefighters were calculated for both groups.

Results

For skin cancers the risk estimate for FCDS‐indentified firefighters was substantially lower than in the employment‐record‐linked firefighters (aOR = 1.06; 0.87–1.29 vs. 1.54; 1.37–1.73), but for endocrine system cancers it was greater (aOR = 2.36; 1.77–3.14 vs. 2.08; 1.71–2.53). Remaining cancer risk estimates were in the same direction for the two samples except for lymphoma (aOR = 1.10; 0.90–1.34 vs. 0.86; 0.75–0.99).

Conclusion

Reliance on occupational title in cancer registry records to characterize firefighter cancer risk may result in estimates that are over‐ or underestimated depending on cancer site. The authors recommend moving toward national linkages between cancer registries and certification or other administrative records, which are a vital resource for firefighter cancer research.
(p‐(Diphenylarsino)phenyl)diphenylphosphine as a Novel Template for Heterodinuclear Complexes
Authors: Akioka Ippei , Sumida Akifumi , Urushizaki Aya , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke
Published: December 2020

Phosphorus and arsenic have different coordination ability to Lewis acids, though they belong to 15 group. Utilizing the difference, we designed a novel ligand, (p‐(diphenylarsino)phenyl)diphenylphosphine, in which diphenylphosphine and diphenylarsine units are combined through a p‐phenylene linker, as a template to arrange Lewis acids. The phosphorus atom exhibited superior coordination ability to the arsenic one. NMR studies revealed that BH3, AuCl, and PtCl2 were preferentially coordinated by the phosphorus atom. Sequential addition of these Lewis acids realized precise arrangement on the template ligand.
Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidative Ring Expansion of Cyclic Ketones to Macrolactones by Cerium and Cyanoanthracene Catalysis
Authors: Du Jianbo , Yang Xiaokun , Wang Xin , An Qing , He Xu , Pan Hui , Zuo Zhiwei
Published: December 2020

We describe a cerium‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative ring expansion for the expedient construction of synthetically challenging macrolactones under visible‐light conditions. Cyanoanthracene has been employed as co‐catalyst to accelerate the turnover of the cerium cycle leading to a fast conversion within 20 min of irradiation. Taking advantage of the high efficiency and operationally simple conditions, a collection of over 100 macrolactones equipped with ring systems ranging from 9‐ to 19‐membered macrocycles have been prepared from simple building blocks. Moreover, the enabling potential of this strategy to simplify the generation of molecular complexity has been demonstrated through the concise synthesis of sonnerlactone.
A Dual Role Reductase from Phytosterols Catabolism Enables the Efficient Production of Valuable Steroid Precursors
Authors: Peng Haidong , Wang Yaya , Jiang Kai , Chen Xinru , Zhang Wenlu , Zhang Yanan , Deng Zixin , Qu Xudong
Published: December 2020

4‐Androstenedione (4‐AD) and progesterone (PG) are two of the most important precursors for synthesis of steroid drugs, however their current manufacturing processes suffer from low efficiency and severe environmental issues. In this study, we decipher a dual‐role reductase (mnOpccR) in the phytosterols catabolism, which engages in two different metabolic branches to produce the key intermediate 20‐hydroxymethyl pregn‐4‐ene‐3‐one (4‐HBC) through a 4‐e reduction of 3‐oxo‐4‐pregnene‐20‐carboxyl‐CoA (3‐OPC‐CoA) and 2‐e reduction of 3‐oxo‐4‐pregnene‐20‐carboxyl aldehyde (3‐OPA), respectively. Inactivation or overexpression of mnOpccR in the Mycobacterium neoaurum can achieve exclusive production of either 4‐AD or 4‐HBC from phytosterols. By utilizing a two‐step synthesis, 4‐HBC can be efficiently converted into PG in a scalable manner (100 gram scale). This study deciphers a pivotal biosynthetic mechanism of phytosterol catabolism and provides very efficient production routes of 4‐AD and PG.
Phosphonates of Vegetable Oils—Characterization as Lubricants
Authors: Biresaw Girma , Bantchev Grigor B. , Harry‐O'Kuru Rogers E.
Published: December 2020

Dialkyl phosphonates of vegetable oils were synthesized by reacting soybean (Soy) and high oleic sunflower (HOSuO) oils with dialkyl phosphites. Dimethyl, diethyl, and di‐n‐butyl phosphites were used in the synthesis and the resulting phosphonates were obtained in good yields and thoroughly characterized. All six phosphonates displayed poor solubility in polyalphaolefin‐6; and four displayed adequate solubility (> 20% w/w) in HOSuO. Evaluation as anti‐wear (AW) additives in HOSuO base oil blends showed the biobased phosphonates have similar coefficient of friction and similar or better wear scar diameter than zinc dialkyl dithio phosphates (ZDDP). It is concluded that vegetable oil phosphonates provide a promising biobased alternative to ZDDP and other commercial petroleum‐based AW additives currently used in lubricant formulations.
Structure of Mono‐Hydrated Aniline Dimer Cation
Authors: Alauddin Mohammad , Roy Madhusudan , Nam Sang Hwan , Song Jae Kyu , Park Seung Min
Published: December 2020

Photodissociation spectroscopy of mono‐hydrated aniline dimer (An2W+) cation was performed to determine its most stable structure and the charge resonance (CR) interaction therein. In its photodissociation action spectrum, two local excitation (LE) bands at ∼1.9 eV (656 nm) and >3.0 eV (<420 nm), previously assigned to 2 ← 1 and 1 ← 1 transition, respectively, for aniline dimer (An2+), were also observed for An2W+. On the other hand, the absorption band at ∼1.12 eV (1110 nm) from the CR interaction reported for An2+ disappeared in case of An2W+. Based on this infrared photodissociation action spectra supported by quantum chemical calculations, we suggest that the most stable structure of An2W+ maintains the stacked structure of An2+ but H2O molecule connected to the amino group of aniline molecule via hydrogen bonding plays a role to suppress the CR interaction.
Metastasis to the finger of oral floor squamous cell carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Isomura Emiko Tanaka , Hamaguchi Munehiro , Nishimura Nao , Ushimura Ayako , Namikawa Mari
Published: December 2020

When cetuximab is used, diagnosing finger metastasis can be difficult due to the side effects of paronychia and color changes of nails. Finger metastasis may be a marker of multiple metastasis; therefore, it can lead to a poor prognosis.
An acquired factor V inhibitor induced uncontrolled bleeding in a postsurgery patient
Authors: Bruna Riccardo , Moia Riccardo , Valpreda Alessandra , Dosio Enrico , Rolla Roberta , Federici Augusto , Dianzani Umberto , Gaidano Gianluca , Patriarca Andrea
Published: December 2020

This case report highlights the challenges in controlling bleeding and correcting coagulation tests through the use of bypassing agents in patients with FV inhibitors.
Explosionsprävention durch Funkendetektion
Authors: Krone Volker
Published: December 2020

Egal ob in Mühlen, Holzfabriken oder Betrieben der chemischen Industrie — in Branchen, in denen Schüttgut verarbeitet wird, ist die Gefahr einer Explosion omnipräsent. Die Funkenerkennung und ‐löschung ist eine komplexe Methode, um Brände und Explosionen
Sequencing of novel agents in relapsed/refractory B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Blinatumomab and inotuzumab ozogamicin may have comparable efficacy as first or second novel agent therapy in relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Badar Talha , Szabo Aniko , Dinner Shira , Liedtke Michaela , Burkart Madelyn , Shallis Rory M. , Yurkiewicz Ilana R. , Kuo Eric , Khan Muhammad Ali , Balasubramanian Suresh , Yang Jay , Hefazi Mehrdad , Podoltsev Nikolai , Patel Anand , Curran Emily , Wang Amy , Arslan Shukaib , Aldoss Ibrahim , Siebenaller Caitlin , Mattison Ryan J. , Litzow Mark R. , Wadleigh Martha , Advani Anjali S. , Atallah Ehab
Published: December 2020

Background

The availability of novel agents (NAs), including blinatumomab and inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO), has improved the outcomes of patients with relapsed/refractory (RR) B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Because of the relative effectiveness, it is often a challenge for clinicians to determine how to best sequence these NAs with respect to efficacy and toxicity.

Methods

In this multicenter, retrospective study of patients with RR ALL treated with blinatumomab, InO, or both, their efficacy as a first or second NA was compared.

Results

Among 276 patients, 221 and 55 received blinatumomab and InO, respectively, as a first NA therapy. The complete remission (CR)/complete remission with incomplete count recovery (CRi) rate was 65% and 67% for the blinatumomab and InO groups, respectively (P = .73). The rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events was 4% and 7% in the blinatumomab and InO groups, respectively. Ninety‐two patients (43%) in the blinatumomab group and 13 patients (29%) in the InO group proceeded with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The median overall survival (OS) was 15 and 11.6 months in the blinatumomab and InO groups, respectively. A subset analysis was performed for 61 patients who received both NAs (blinatumomab and then InO [n = 40] or InO and then blinatumomab [n = 21]). The CR/CRi rate was 58% for patients who received InO as the second NA and 52% for patients who received blinatumomab as the second NA. The median OS was 10.5 for patients who received InO as the second NA and 5.9 months for patients who received blinatumomab as the second NA (P = .09).

Conclusions

Although the limited power of this study to detect a significant difference between subgroups is acknowledged, the data suggest that blinatumomab and InO may have comparable efficacy as a first or second NA therapy in RR ALL.
Social media as stakeholder engagement tool: CSR communication failure in the oil and gas sector
Authors: Pizzi Simone , Moggi Sara , Caputo Fabio , Rosato Pierfelice
Published: December 2020

This article explores to what extent oil and gas companies use social media to engage with stakeholders on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) strategies. Drawing from the analysis of oil and gas megaproject facing the local community's protects, the research aims to highlight the level of stakeholder interaction on CSR's actions disclosed by social media. The study considers the Trans Adriatic Pipeline experience and the degree of interactions between the company and its stakeholders. According to Carroll's pyramid, the contents of Tweets were analyzed with the assistance of the statistics software program “TwitteR” and classified by their content. The analysis of the engagement practices on Twitter reveals that legitimization is influenced by the CSR contents proposed by the firms and the phase of megaproject development. Results suggest that social media communication does not always respond to stakeholder claims that should be periodically monitored through adequate stakeholder engagement tools.
Cation‐Selective Separators for Addressing the Lithium–Sulfur Battery Challenges
Authors: Zhao Qing , Hao Zhendong , Tang Jiadong , Xu Xiaolong , Liu Jingbing , Jin Yuhong , Zhang Qianqian , Wang Hao
Published: December 2020

Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) have become one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical energy density, environmental friendliness, and cost effectiveness. However, real‐word applications are seriously restricted by an undesirable shuttle effect and Li dendrite formation. In essence, uncontrollable anion transport is a key factor that causes both polysulfide shuttling and dendrite formation, which creates the possibility of simultaneously addressing the two critical issues in LSBs. An effective strategy to control anion transport is the construction of cation‐selective separators. Significant progress has been achieved in the inhibition of the shuttle effect, whereas addressing the problem of Li dendrite formation by utilizing a cation‐selective separator is still under way. From this viewpoint, this Review analyzes critical issues with regard to the shuttle effect and Li dendrite formation caused by uncontrollable anion transport, based on which roles and advantages of cation‐selective separators toward high‐performance LSBs are presented. According to the separator‐construction principle, the latest advances and progress in cation‐selective separators in inhibiting the shuttle effect and Li dendrite formation are reviewed in detail. Finally, some challenges and prospects are proposed for the future development of cation‐selective separators. This Review is anticipated to provide a new perspective for simultaneously addressing the two critical issues in LSBs.
Best practices for optimization and validation of flow cytometry‐based receptor occupancy assays
Authors: Hilt Ed , Sun Yongliang S. , McCloskey Thomas W. , Eck Steve , McIntosh Thomas , Grugan Katharine D. , Lanham David F. , Standifer Nathan , Green Cherie , Litwin Virginia , Stewart Jennifer J.
Published: December 2020

In the development of therapeutic compounds that bind cell surface molecules, it is critical to demonstrate the extent to which the drug engages its target. For cell‐associated targets, flow cytometry is well‐suited to monitor drug‐to‐target engagement through receptor occupancy assays (ROA). The technology allows for the identification of specific cell subsets within heterogeneous populations and the detection of nonabundant cellular antigens. There are numerous challenges in the design, development, and implementation of robust ROA. Among the most difficult challenges are situations where there is receptor modulation or when the target‐antigen is expressed at low levels. When the therapeutic molecules are bi‐specific and bind multiple targets, these challenges are increased. This manuscript discusses the challenges and proposes best practices for designing, optimizing, and validating ROA.
Exercise is neuroprotective on the morphology of somatic motoneurons following the death of neighboring motoneurons via androgen action at the target muscle
Authors: Chew Cory , Sengelaub Dale R.
Published: December 2020

Motoneuron loss is a severe medical problem that can result in loss of motor control and eventually death. We have previously demonstrated that partial motoneuron loss can result in dendritic atrophy and functional deficits in nearby surviving motoneurons, and that an androgen‐dependent effect of exercise following injury can be neuroprotective against this dendritic atrophy. In this study, we explored where the necessary site of androgen action is for exercise‐driven neuroprotective effects on induced dendritic atrophy. Motoneurons innervating the vastus medialis muscles of adult male rats were selectively killed by intramuscular injection of cholera toxin‐conjugated saporin. Simultaneously, some saporin‐injected animals were given implants of the androgen receptor antagonist hydroxyflutamide, either directly at the adjacent vastus lateralis musculature ipsilateral to the saporin‐injected vastus medialis or interscapularly as a systemic control. Following saporin injections, some animals were allowed free access to a running wheel attached to their home cages. Four weeks later, motoneurons innervating the same vastus lateralis muscle were labeled with cholera toxin‐conjugated horseradish peroxidase, and dendritic arbors were reconstructed in three dimensions. Dendritic arbor lengths of saporin‐injected animals allowed to exercise were significantly longer than those not allowed to exercise. Androgen receptor blockade locally at the vastus lateralis muscle prevented the protective effect of exercise. These findings indicate that exercise following neural injury exerts a protective effect on motoneuron dendrites, which acts via androgen receptor action at the target muscle.
Altered regulation of negative affect in patients with fibromyalgia: A diary study
Authors: Rost Silke , Crombez Geert , Sütterlin Stefan , Vögele Claus , Veirman Elke , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M. L.
Published: December 2020

Background

Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and often accompanied by cognitive and emotional problems. Adaptation to fibromyalgia may therefore also rely on one's ability to regulate emotional problems. In this study, we examined two indices of emotion regulation, that is, (a) affective instability, involving frequent large fluctuations in self‐reported affect, and (b) resting heart rate variability (HRV).

Methods

Participants were 46 patients with fibromyalgia (Mage = 45.4 years; 39 females) and 46 matched healthy controls (Mage = 44.9 years; 37 females). Heart rate was monitored under resting conditions to derive HRV. Subsequently, participants completed an electronic end‐of‐day diary for 14 consecutive days assessing daily levels of pain, disability, negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA). Affective instability was operationalized as the mean square of successive differences in daily mood.

Results

Results indicate increased levels of NA instability and reduced levels of HRV in patients with fibromyalgia in comparison with healthy controls. Furthermore, HRV and NA instability were inversely related. Finally, in patients, higher NA instability was related to increased pain disability.

Conclusions

Current findings support the idea that patients with fibromyalgia are confronted with fluctuating emotions. These results may have important implications for treatment as they provide support for the use of emotion regulation skills training in patients with fibromyalgia to impact upon NA instability.

Significance

This study provides novel insight in the link between emotion regulation indices,that is, heart‐rate variability and negative affective (NA) instability, in patients with fibromyalgia, and presents evidence for differences in both emotion regulation indices between patients with fibromyalgia and healthy people. Furthermore, results link increased NA instability with increased levels of daily disability in patients with fibromyalgia. Together, these findings offer support for a key role of emotion regulation in fibromyalgia outcomes, providing pathways for clinical practice.
Development and Validation of a Mixture Toxicity Implementation in the Dynamic Energy Budget–Individual-Based Model: Effects of Copper and Zinc on Daphnia magna Populations
Authors: Vlaeminck Karel , Viaene Karel P.J. , Van Sprang Patrick , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C.
Published: December 2020

Mechanistic population models are gaining considerable interest in ecological risk assessment. The dynamic energy budget approach for toxicity (DEBtox) and the general unified threshold model for survival (GUTS) are well-established theoretical frameworks that describe sublethal and lethal effects of a chemical stressor, respectively. However, there have been limited applications of these models for mixtures of chemicals, especially to predict long-term effects on populations. We used DEBtox and GUTS in an individual-based model (IBM) framework to predict both single and combined effects of copper and zinc on Daphnia magna populations. The model was calibrated based on standard chronic toxicity test results with the single substances. A mixture toxicity implementation based on the general independent action model for mixtures was developed and validated with data from a population experiment with copper and zinc mixtures. Population-level effects of exposure to individual metals were accurately predicted by DEB-IBM. The DEB-IBM framework also allowed us to identify the potential mechanisms underlying these observations. Under independent action the DEB–IBM was able to predict the population dynamics observed in populations exposed to the single metals and their mixtures (R2 > 65% in all treatments). Our modeling shows that it is possible to extrapolate from single-substance effects at the individual level to mixture toxicity effects at the population level, without the need for mixture toxicity data at the individual level from standard mixture toxicity tests. The application of such modeling techniques can increase the ecological realism in risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:513–527. © 2020 SETAC
Modelling of the interaction between structures and creeping slopes
Authors: Schneider‐Muntau Barbara
Published: December 2020

To quantify the interaction between structures and creeping slopes, 3D calculations under consideration of a time‐dependent material behaviour are necessary. In this paper 3D finite element calculations are performed on a hypothetical creeping slope. The time‐dependent material parameters are determined by back calculation on a slope without any structures. Subsequently, the influence of a retaining wall and of a tunnel structure built in the creeping slope are investigated. The results of the modelling show that the structures locally decrease the creeping velocity of the slope. The influence of the tunnel structure is more pronounced due to its spatial extension. At the same time the stresses on the structures increase over time. Linear time‐dependent material models do not consider the hydrostatic pressure in their formulation. Non‐linear time‐dependent material models, which are based on soil mechanical principles and which take the hydrostatic pressure into account, are therefore better suited to represent the time‐dependent soil‐structure interaction.
Consistency of hangover experiences after a night of drinking: A controlled laboratory study
Authors: Delang Nathan , Iudakhina Elizaveta , Irwin Christopher , Desbrow Ben
Published: December 2020

Objective

Research into cognitive performance during a hangover has produced equivocal findings. This study investigated the reliability of inducing hangover symptoms and effects on cognitive performance (including applied tasks) under standardised conditions.

Method

Twenty‐one participants (13 M; 24 ± 3 years) completed two identical trials, involving alcohol consumption and an overnight laboratory stay. Outcome measures included: hangover severity (a single‐item ‘Hangover’ rating, and a sum of hangover symptoms [Overall Symptoms Score (OSS)]), cognitive function (trail making test), simulated driving (standard deviation of lateral position; lane crossings), and typing performance. Spearman's correlations were used to assess reliability between trials for all participants, and when ratings of ‘Hangover’ were consistent.

Results

Participants demonstrated reliable ‘Hangover’ rating change from baseline (Trial A: 2.0 [2.0]; Trial B: 2.0 [2.0], rho = 0.680, p = 0.001), but not for OSS (Trial A: 8.0 [12.0]; Trial B: 5.0 [9.0], rho = 0.309, p = 0.173). Performance in cognitive/applied tasks (range rho = 0.447–0771) was consistent, except simulated driving (range rho = 0.035–0.272), however the impairment was trivial. The subgroup analysis did not reveal substantial changes in reliability.

Conclusion

A single ‘Hangover’ rating was a reliable way of determining ‘mild’ to ‘moderate’ hangover severity. The present data could be used to assist the methodological design of future hangover research.
Evaluating the importance of routine drainage following laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection for gynecological malignancies
Authors: Sakai Kensuke , Nakamura Masaru , Yamagami Wataru , Chiyoda Tatsuyuki , Kobayashi Yusuke , Nishio Hiroshi , Hayashi Shigenori , Nomura Hiroyuki , Kataoka Fumio , Tominaga Eiichiro , Banno Kouji , Aoki Daisuke
Published: December 2020

Objective

To determine the efficacy of drainage following pelvic lymph node (PLN) dissection, especially for cases involving laparoscopic surgery.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 368 patients with malignant gynecological tumors who underwent systemic PLN dissection at Keio University Hospital between January 2012 and October 2018 were enrolled. Drainage tubes were placed in the retroperitoneal fossa in all patients. Medical records were used for data collection.

Results

Laparoscopy was performed on 81 patients, and laparotomy was performed on 287 patients. In the laparoscopy group, tubes were removed 1 day post surgery. In the laparotomy group, tubes were removed 1 day post surgery in 167 patients and 4 days post surgery in 120 patients. Compared with the laparotomy group, we determined the laparoscopy group to have a significantly lower prevalence of lymphocyst (6.2% vs 20.2%, p = 0.002) but a similar prevalence of lymphedema (4.9% vs 5.2%), and symptomatic lymphocyst (2.5% vs 4.5%). The two laparotomy groups did not differ significantly with respect to the prevalence of lymphedema (4.8% vs 5.8%), lymphocyst (20.4% vs 20.0%), or symptomatic lymphocyst (4.2% vs 5.0%).

Conclusion

Our results suggest that routine drainage should be omitted, especially in cases involving laparoscopic surgery.