bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Early Administration of Oropharyngeal Colostrum in Reducing Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Mannan Md Abdul
Published: April 2023

Background: Early administration of colostrum by oropharyngeal route plays a tremendous role in preventing mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. The objective of this study was to determine if oropharyngeal administration of mother’s own colostrum within 24 hrs of life can reduce rates of Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis (LONS) in preterm neonates.

Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted in the Department of Neonatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July, 2019 to June, 2021. Neonates with birth weight ≤ 1800 g and/or gestational age ≤ 34 weeks were enrolled in this study. Intervention group received maternal colostrum (0.2 mL), within 24 hours of birth, every 3 hrly for the next 3 days. Serum IgA was measured at 24hrs and 7th day of postnatal age.

Results: A total of 104 neonates were enrolled, 52 were randomized to oropharyngeal administration of colostrum group and 52 to placebo group. Finally, 40 patients among the placebo group completed the study. There was reduction in the incidence of LONS 55.7% vs. 85% (p = 0.003); probable sepsis 46.1% vs. 70% (p = 0.033), proven sepsis 36.5% vs. 57.5% (p = 0.058). Among the secondary outcome there was reduction of DIC 23% vs. 55% (p = 0.002), use of mechanical ventilators 21.1% vs 55% (p = 0.001), no of inotropes 1.18±0.395 vs 1.61±0.497 (p = 0.002), duration of inotropes 19.77±14.249 vs. 36.57±17.502; (p = 0.002).

Conclusion: This study concluded that the incidence of late-onset neonatal sepsis, DIC, use of MV and inotropes, duration of inotropes can be significantly reduced in preterm neonates by oropharyngeal administration of mother’s own colostrum.
Impact of COVID-19 on Emotional, Physical and Social Well Being of School Children and Parents: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Gupta Bhavana
Published: April 2023

Background: In this COVID-19 pandemic era, complete shut-down/ Lock down of the entire world and almost all the countries has led to an impact on almost everyone, especially school children. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychological impact of COVID-19 on emotional, physical and social well-being of school children and their parents, with an objective to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine, income, depression, anxiety, well-being, and other psychological issues.

Materials and Methods: It was an online survey questionnaire in English language which was conducted through a survey link (google form) and was sent through WhatsApp, to the parents of different school children of Ranchi city, Jharkhand, India, in the year 2021. The link was designed in such a way, that only 1 response can be generated using one device.

Results: Males had more behavioral change as compared to female students. The change in behavior is seen in high percentage in government school children in comparison to private school children. School children had negative effect on death of close relatives.

Conclusion: The present survey suggests that more than half of the school children and their parents were experiencing stress and other behavioural changes due to lockdown and the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic. The students are finding out ways to deal with such uncertain situation and trying hard to adjust with the new normal.
Flattened Nose Revealing Syphilitic Aortitis
Authors: Douhi Zakia
Published: April 2023

Flattened nose also called syphilis nose is a deformation of the nose due to the destruction of the cartilage of the nasal septum: the lower segment of the nose collapses, undergoes recoil and retract, becoming embedded in the upper segment. It is characteristic of congenital and tertiary syphilis. We report the case of syphilitic aortitis revealed by the flattened appearance of the nose.
The Impact of Cryptocurrency on Global Trade and Commerce
Authors:   Researcher and Assistant Professor Dr. & Scarborough Street, Southport, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, Australia, Anuyahong Bundit , Ek-udom Nipol ,   Lecturer & Business English Department, Faculty of Business Administration, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin, Wang Klai Kangwon Campus, Thailand
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to investigate the impact of cryptocurrency on global trade and commerce. The research objectives included examining the extent to which the adoption of cryptocurrency has disrupted traditional financial systems and affected cross-border transactions, as well as investigating the potential benefits and challenges of using cryptocurrency for global trade and commerce. A mixed-methods research design was used, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis techniques. The study involved an extensive literature review, a survey of businesses involved in international trade, and interviews with key stakeholders. The results showed that cryptocurrency offers benefits such as reduced transaction costs, faster settlement times, and increased transparency in transactions. However, there are also challenges such as regulatory and legal hurdles, security concerns, and limited understanding of cryptocurrency. The study also highlights the factors that influence the adoption of cryptocurrency in international trade, including regulatory and legal frameworks, security concerns, awareness and understanding of cryptocurrency, transaction costs, and integration with existing systems. Finally, the attitudes and perceptions of businesses towards cryptocurrency are discussed, with the study showing that confidence in the reliability and security of cryptocurrency is a significant factor for adoption. Overall, the study provides insights into the potential opportunities and challenges presented by cryptocurrency in global trade and commerce, and the implications for policymakers, businesses, and investors.
Bioclimatic Modeling of Phlomoides Kirghisorum (Lamiaceae) Species Distributed in Fergana Valley
Authors:   Teacher, Namangan State University, Nuridinov Dilshod , Gulomov Rustam ,   PhD, senior teacher, Namangan State University, Toxtasinov Bakhrom ,   Student, Namangan State University
Published: April 2023

The article analyzes the natural distribution area of the species Phlomoides kirghisorum Adylov, Kamelin & Makhmedov using the programs of type MaxEnt and ArcGis, the endemic of Central Asia (past, future). According to the results of the study, it is proved that the main distribution of the species coincides with the boundaries of the areali Tien–Shan mountain system (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan). It is noted that the climatic factors that are optimal for the species are sufficient temperature and annual precipitation. According to both scenarios, it was found that the increase in temperature by 0.4–1.6 °C and 1.4–2.6 °C was directly influenced by the main bioclimatic factors such as Mean temperature of coldest quarter (Bio11), Precipitation seasonality (Bio15).
THE LANGUAGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE MATHEMATICS OF LETTERS
Authors: -Melgar Salvador Sanchez
Published: April 2023

Presentation of a mathematics of letters and a language of letters that will allow an artificial intelligence to learn endlessly and be able to think as we think. With the numbered letters, the information that an artificial intelligence obtains with its artificial senses will not lose its meaning, since through these numbered letters the information can be transformed into numbered words. In this way, each piece of information that an artificial intelligence obtains can be transformed into binary numbers, then into ordinary numbers of the numbered letters, thus being able to form numbered words on individual and global information. Since each artificial sense detects different information, each sense creates its own language, this does not prevent all information from being transformed into numbers. The numbered words that can be formed with the transformations of the information must also be linked to other similar numbered words indexed in a dictionary of numbered words, so that the robot can know the meaning of each information. With the numbered letters, the information that a robot receives can be transformed into numbered words and thus be able to memorize them permanently, thus being able to obtain unlimited wisdom. Through binary numbers obtained from the information of everything linked to binary information memorized in a positive and negative way is how we think. I will also expose, with tables and examples, the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of the letters and a number system of letters from 0 to 27.
HOW TO CREATE AN ARTIFICIAL THOUGHT AND INTELLIGENCE? AND THE MATH OF LETTERS
Authors:   ..., Melgar Salvador Sanchez-
Published: April 2023

The construction of a thought and an artificial intelligence is possible with the language of numbered letters. Language that arose through the creation of the book "New mathematics of letters, triumph with mathematics" updated with the title "New mathematics of letters 2nd edition". Books that expose the language of letters and a mathematics of letters where addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of letters are found, with examples and their corresponding mathematical tables. With the mathematics of letters, any type of mathematical operations can be done, since it is one more mathematics. With the language of numbered letters in order, which represent letters, words and sentences numbered in order, a robot with artificial intelligence through the numbers of words numbered in order could acquire endless all kinds of information obtained by any artificial sense. Numeric information that would have to be transformed into binary numbers.
The Relationship Between Simple Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull and Jumping Abilities: A Case Series Study
Authors: Shiba Junpei , Yamase Hana , Enoki Shota
Published: April 2023

Isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) is used to measure and monitor the peak force and the rate of force development. However, current IMTP implementation is costly and time-consuming. Thus, a quick, lowcost, and easy method is needed to monitor muscle strength. This case series study aimed to examine the relationship between IMTP assessed using a back strength dynamometer and jumping abilities and determine whether relative strength (N/body weight [BW]) can indicate jumping abilities. Eleven female collegiate basketball players in division III female Tokai Student Basketball League participated in this study. A back strength dynamometer was used to measure IMTP. The starting posture was a 145  relative angle at the knee and hip joints with the chain extended. Jumping measurements were performed for squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and rebound jump (RJ) using a jump mat.

 

Additionally, the highest rebound jump index (RJI), jump height, and ground contact time for the highest RJI were used in the statistical analysis. Participants were divided into high (HG) and low (LG) groups based on the median value of relative strength. Cohen’s d as an effect size (ES) with a 95% confidence interval was used to compare the jumping abilities between the groups. The relationship between relative strength and jumping abilities was determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The HG showed significantly moderate ES for SJ height (d=1.19), CMJ height (d=1.08), RJ height (d=1.19), and ground contact time (d=0.83) and significantly larger ES for RJI (d=1.36) relative to those of the LG. In addition, no significant correlations were observed between relative strength and any of the jump measures. However, relative strength exhibited a moderate correlation coefficient for the correlation between RJI and ground contact time. Therefore, IMTP assessed using a back strength dynamometer can be used to monitor muscle variables related to jumping abilities at a lower cost and training time than those of conventional methods.
In-Between Black and White: Defining Racial Boundaries in Colonial Natal at the Turn of the Twentieth Century – Part One
Authors: Peté Stephen Allister , Swanepoel Paul
Published: April 2023

Mahmood Mamdani has argued that a system of “define and rule” lay at the heart of a revamped system of British colonial rule – indirect as opposed to direct rule – which developed from the middle of the nineteenth century onwards. In analysing parliamentary discussions and case law concerning definitions of “race” dating from the turn of the twentieth century in the colony of Natal, as well as examining concerns amongst the colonists at that time about the matter of racially mixed marriages, this contribution supports Mamdani’s general thesis and provides examples of the practical and ideological difficulties that arose in the process of attempting to define people according to “race” and “tribe”. It is the contention of this contribution that Mamdani is correct in his assessment that “define and rule” lay at the heart of the British colonial project, particularly in Africa. This contribution asserts, however, that the process of definition was messy, ambiguous, contradictory and never fully resolved in practice. Certain individuals and groups tended to fall between broad definitions of “race” and “tribe”, both of which illustrated the ideological fault lines inherent in a system based upon racial categorisation, giving rise to practical problems of law and governance. The contribution looks at a number of different themes that all relate to the above general issue. First, it discusses a number of judgments of the Supreme Court of Natal during that period that concerned various individuals and groups who did not neatly fit into any of the formal definitions of race in use at the time. Secondly, it examines a fairly extensive debate that took place in the Legislative Assembly of the colony of Natal in 1905 regarding the Native Definition Bill. Thirdly, it examines the related theme of mixed marriages, of which a number were reported in the colony’s newspapers around that time. Even though there may have been relatively few individuals who fell “in-between” the generally accepted racial and tribal divisions, the fact that there was uncertainty about where such persons fitted within the system was profoundly unsettling to the colonial authorities, since it suggested that the entire structure of colonial society was not based on a secure ideological footing.
The Proliferation of Criminal Gang Activities on the Cape Flats and the Subsequent Legislative and Policy Responses
Authors: van der Linde DC
Published: April 2023

The proliferation of criminal gang activity is inextricably linked to the lingering legacy of the apartheid regime. Decades after apartheid, the communities of the Cape Flats in the Western Cape face a continuous onslaught of violence, predominantly brought about by rival gangs competing for drug territories. The purpose of this contribution is to consider the government’s policy and legislative responses to gangsterism through a historical and constitutional paradigm. The contribution, first, provides a brief historical overview of the causative (especially legislative and socio-economic) factors that led to the proliferation of criminal gangs on the Cape Flats. Secondly, it investigates the violent reality of criminal gang activity in a postdemocratic South Africa. This part also focuses on the legislative response to organised crime, in particular chapter 4 of the Prevention of Organised Crime Act 121 of 1998 (which deals with criminal gang activity), as well as on the various interventions and policies by the national and Western Cape Government to address the challenges related to gangsterism.
Tribute to Reinhard Zimmermann on the Occasion of his Seventieth Birthday
Authors: Hoctor Shannon , Wildenboer Liezl
Published: April 2023

None
تأثير بعض المساحيق النباتية والمعدنية وطرق الخزن على بكتيريا Xanthomonas sp في بذور صنفين من الذرة الرفيعة Sorghum bicolor(L)Moench
Authors: الصملة سالم محمد علي , ناصر ياسر الخضر
Published: April 2023

نفذت هذه التجربة خلال موسمي 2020/2019 و 2021/2020م في مختبر مركز بحوث الأغذية وتقانات ما بعد الحصاد خور مكسرـ عدن، لاختبار المحتوى البكتيري لبذور صنفي (سنيسلة، بيني) من الذرة الرفيعة وذلك باستخدام مساحيق (أوراق النيم Azadirachta indica، ثمار الفلفل الحار Capsicum annuum، رماد السمرAcacia totilis والصخور المعدنيةMineral rocks ) والتي استخدمت بمعدل (25جم/كجم بذور)، وأوعية خزن مختلفة وبعد الفحص حللت النتائج  إحصائيًا  للتجربة العملية باستخدام التصميم العشوائي التام في أربع مكررات لكل معاملة ، كانت أفضل المعاملات المستعملة في تثبيط العزلات البكتيرية من جنس Xanthomonas sp في بذور صنفي السنيسلة والبيني مسحوق أوراق النيم (630,677خلية/جم بذور) على التوالي، ومسحوق ثمار الفلفل الأحمر(1770,1830خلية/جم بذور) على التوالي، ورماد السمر(2122.5,2206خلية/جم بذور) على التوالي، ومسحوق الصخور البركانية (3270,3354خلية/جم بذور) على التوالي مقارنة الشاهد (4579.5, 4510 خلية/جم بذور) على التوالي، كما كانت أفضل أوعية التخزين من حيث خفض عدد الخلايا البكتيرية التي تصيب البذور المخزنة للموسمين الأوعية المعدنية (540,615خلية/جم بذور)، والأوعية البلاستيكية (1015,1087خلية/جم بذور)، وأكياس النايلون(Polyethelene) (2535,2618 خلية /جم بذور) ثم جواني (الجوت Jiut) (5700,5797خلية/جم بذور) على التوالي ،أظهرت الدراسة زيادة محتوى البذور من البكتيريا بزيادة مدَة الخزنْ.
تأثير الاسمدة والمحاريث على صفات محصول الذرة الشامية (Zea mays L.) ومكوناته
Authors: فاضل رقيبة محمد عبدالله , العبد حسن صالح حسن , الشاطري وضاح صالح يحيى
Published: April 2023

نفذت تجربة حقلية في مزرعة كلية ناصر للعلوم الزراعية – بمحافظة لحج دلتا تبن خلال الموسمين الزراعيين 2014 – 2015 و 2015 – 2016م لدراسة تأثير الأسمدة والمحاريث على محصول الذرة الشامية ومكوناتة صنف كنجا36 اشتملت الدراسة على 16 معاملة  عبارة عن التوفيق بين أربعة انواع من الأسمدة  (بدون تسميد، سماد زرق الدواجن مع اليوريا، سماد إبقار مع اليوريا  ويوريا) وأربع معاملات حراثة (بدون حراثة، مطرحي، قرصي، وحفار)، وبينت النتائج  أن إضافة الاسمدة المختلفة أدى إلى زيادة معنوية في (طول الكوز، قطر الكوز، وزن الكوز، عدد الصفوف في الكوز، عدد الحبوب في الصف، وزن حبوب الكوز ووزن الف حبة ونسبة التفريط)، كذلك أثرت الأسمدة المختلفة معنويًا على محصول القش ومحصول الحبوب مقارنة بالمعاملة بدون تسميد (الشاهد)، ولم تعطي معاملات الاسمدة المختلفة أي تأثير معنوي في صفة عدد الكيزان في النبات الواحد، بينما أعطت معاملة التسميد (دواجن + يوريا) أفضل النتائج في جميع الصفات المدروسة، و كان هناك تأثير معنوي للحراثة بالمحراثين (المطرحي والقرصي) على صفة  طول الكوز، كما أثرت المحاريث (القرصي، المطرحي، الحفار) معنوياًعلى صفات (قطر الكوز، عدد الحبوب بالصف ، وزن الحبوب بالكوز،  ووزن ألف حبة.
تأثير النقع بتراكيز مختلفة من إيثيل ميثيل سلفونات (EMS) في إنبات ونمو بادرات الباميا (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: محمد إيمان نجم الدين , حسين محمد عبد الله
Published: April 2023

نفذت هذه التجربة على بذور نبات الباميا (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) بهدف دراسة تأثير النقع لمدة ساعة بتراكيز مختلفة من مادة إيثيل ميثيل سلوفونات في إنبات ونمو بادرات الباميا النامية في أطباق باستخدام القطن، في المختبر خلال موسم الصيف من تاريخ 29/6/2021 وحتى 18/7/2021م وكانت النتائج المتحصل عليها فيما يأتي:تبين استجابة بذور نبات الباميا المنقعة في تراكيز مختلفة من إيثيل ميثيل سلوفونات وأظهرت مؤشرات الدراسة المتمثلة ب (سرعة الإنبات) التفوق المعنوي الذي حققته معاملة الشاهد (نقع في الماء فقط) على المعاملات الأعلى تركيز من EMS المتمثلة بالتراكيز التالية (0.07% و0.08% و0.09 و0.1%).بينما حققت المعاملات التي عوملت بتركيز منخفض من EMS تفوقًا معنويًا في صفة النسبة المئوية للإنبات والمتمثلة بمعاملتي EMS تركيز (0.02% و 0.03%) على المعاملات التالية (الشاهد و % و0.8% و0.09 و 0.1%). في حين لم تبلغ حد المعنوية مع بقية المعاملات الأخرى.بينما حققت معاملة EMS تركيز (0.02%) التفوق المعنوي في صفة طول السويقة لبادرات الباميا على جميع المعاملات الاخرى.أظهرت معاملة EMS تركيز (0.03%) تفوقًا معنويًا على جميع المعاملات باستثناء معاملة تركيز (0.02%) في صفتي طول الجذير ومساحة الورقة لبادرات الباميا.
صفات البشرة الورقية لبعض أنواع الجنس سنا Senna Mill. (تحت العائلة البقميةcaesalpinoideae) من مديرية طور الباحة– محافظة لحج– الجمهورية اليمنية
Authors: قاسم عصام محمد , حامد علي السيد , حسين محمد عبدالله
Published: April 2023

تضمن البحث الحالي دراسة تشريحية مقارنة للبشرة الورقية لوريقات ستة أنواع من جنسSenna Mill. نامية في مديرية طور الباحة م/ لحج – الجمهورية اليمنية وهي:  S. alexandrina, S. holosericea, S.italica,  S.obtusifolia,occidentalis. S, S.sophera  والتي شملت صفات خلايا البشرة العادية، الثغور، وزوائد البشرة (الشعيرات). أظهرت نتائج الدراسة  وجود بعض  صفات مفيدة في  التفريق بين الأنواع النباتية محل الدراسة مثل أشكال خلايا البشرة وطبيعة جدرها الخلوية، نمط الثغور، دليل الثغور وزوائد البشرة (الشعيرات)، التي أمكن عبرها عمل مفتاح اصطناعي للتمييز بين الأنواع محل الدراسة.
Physicochemical characteristics and total phenols content for some kinds of Yemeni honey: A comparative study
Authors: Dowman Saida A. , Naji Khalid Mohammed , Al-Hakmi Sameera Y.
Published: April 2023

Most of Yemeni honey have a locally and internationally Fame. Six of Yemeni honeys were selected according to geographical and floral sources and their fame such as (Osymi sidir, Dawani sidir, Jardai sidir, Salam Tohamah, Somara Shabwah and SSAl Tawr Albahah). Physic- chemical properties were conducted on tri replicate, according to chemical standards methods. The results showed that all honeys were dark color; the mean results were as following: the highest value of pH was 3.71 of SSal Honey, while the least mean value was 5.3 of Sidir honeys; total acidity was on limit for all, the highest value of moisture was found on SSal, whereas Sidir honeys showed the least mean value 13.62; Hydroxylmethaylfurfural (HMF) of all studied honeys were on limit that is less than permitted value 40 mg/100g; Daistase number of all were on permitted limit except Somra honey that showed 6 shade units; values of sugars analysis were found on permitted limit except Somra was 16 g/100g; electrical conductivity of Jardani sidir honey was the highest mean value 1220, while Somra honey had the least value 544; as well as in comparison of total phenolic compound results, Jardani Sidir had the highest mean value 274.3 mg/100g of tannic acid, while Somra had the least mean value 82.01 g/100g of tannic acid. All studied honeys were in conformity to local, regional and international standards except Somra honey that has non-conformity to them.
Study of some physicochemical properties of hot springs water in Shara’a and Kirsh, Lahj Governorate-Yemen
Authors: Taher Mohamed Muthana , Saleh Shaif Mohammed Kasem , Al-Mansari Maher Ali A.
Published: April 2023

This research aims at determining some of the physicochemical properties of hot springs in the areas of (Shara’a and Kirsh) Lahij Governorate. 45 samples were collected for 15 sites. The following parameters were measured: acidity number (pH), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), total hardness (TH), Calcium Hardness (TH.Ca), Magnesium Hardness (TH.Mg), Alkalinity, Calcium (Ca2+),  Magnesium (Mg2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Sulfate (SO42-), Nitrate (NO3-), Fluoride (F-), Chloride, and (Cl-), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR). The results showed that the values of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Alkalinity, Sodium, Potassium, Sulfate and Fluoride were higher than the maximum allowable limits of the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water by 100%, while the concentration of Chloride in Krish area and alkalinity in Shara'a area exceeded WHO limits by 100%. As for the rest of the parameters, they were less than the permissible limit according to the standard specifications. Also, the results showed that the water of Shara'a and Kirsh hot springs has temperatures (oC) of 60 and 62.5 respectively. The waters from the hot springs in Shara'a and Krish are thus not fit for human consumption. The study recommends the use of hot spring water for recreational purposes should be closely monitored. It is thus important that the physical and chemical composition of hot springs should be monitored on a regular basis. Finally, the study recommends a comprehensive study of the chemical and therapeutic properties of hot springs water, as well as the geological characteristics of the study area.
Inequalities for the polar derivative and the generalized polar derivative of complex polynomials with restricted zeros
Authors: Al-Saeedi Adeeb Tawfik Hasson , Algawi Dhekra Mohammed Mohsen
Published: April 2023

In this paper, certain new results concerning the maximum modulus of the polar derivative and the generalized polar derivative of a polynomial with restricted zeros are obtained. These estimates strengthen some well known inequalities for polynomial due to Tur n, Rather and Dar, Rather, Ali, Shafi and Dar  and others.
Impact of Jellyfish attack on routing protocols in TCP-based MANETs
Authors: Omer Khaled Ahmed Abood
Published: April 2023

Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are self-organized infrastructure-less network of mobile wireless devices that could be deployed for communication. Due to the insecure wireless communication medium, multi-hop routing communication process, and dynamic behavior of the nodes in MANETs, routing protocols are vulnerable to various security attacks, such as Jellyfish attacks.  A Jellyfish node targets TCP-based MANET and exploits its working mechanism to degrade the communication performance. This attack is hard to detect since it is a TCP protocol compliant methodology.In this paper, we evaluate the performance of the Ad hoc on-demand vector (AODV), Dynamic source routing (DSR), Temporally ordered routing algorithm (TORA), Geographic routing protocol (GRP), and optimized link state routing (OLSR) routing protocols under the Jellyfish delay variance attacks for TCP-based MANETs. Further, the TAHOE, RENO, and SACK variants of TCP protocol are considered for comparison. These routing protocols are simulated using the OPNET simulator to compare their performance, using specific performance metrics on the network. The experimental results show that the AODV protocol performs better than the DSR, TORA, OLSR, and GRP protocols under the jellyfish delay variance attack. Further, the SACK TCP variant performs better than the other TCP variants under the Jellyfish delay variance attack.
Implementación de un sistema para el Primer Proceso de Admisión Virtual en tiempos de Covid – 19
Authors: Garcia Curo Gianmarco , Álvarez Reyes Julio César , Huamani Jose Torres
Published: April 2023

En tiempos de COVID-19 se han paralizado todos los procesos presenciales por seguridad de todas las personas para evitar la propagación del COVID-19. En la gestión académica universitaria de todo el mundo afecto directamente en las clases presenciales, en las universidades públicas del Perú no se han desarrollado los procesos de admisión, porque estos procesos por su seguridad y protocolos ya establecidos requieren la presencialidad del mismo. El objetivo de este libro de investigación es mostrar el desarrollo y programación del primer proceso de admisión virtual exitoso en Perú, desde su seguridad, análisis, diseño, implementación y desarrollo del software. Con todo lo mencionado se tuvo la presencia de 851 postulantes que aceptaron rendir el primer examen de admisión virtual. Concluyendo exitosamente este proceso se publicó los resultados en la web oficial de la universidad, donde las mismas autoridades supervisaron cada proceso desarrollado por el equipo, no hubo inconvenientes por pate de los postulantes hasta la actualidad, está experiencia sirvió a otras universidades como guía y ejemplo para su desarrollo e implementación.
Fear of Returning to Face-to-Face Classes in Times of COVID-19: A Cross-Country Comparison
Authors: Leite Manuela , Fernandes Josefa , Carvalho Karina , Pina-Zallio Marineide , Verza Rúbia , Gonçalves Maria Prazeres
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to investigate the fear of COVID-19 among university students from various countries in the context of face-to-face classes. This is a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 1,205 university students from several European (Portugal, France and England) and Latin American (Brazil and Paraguay) countries. An online survey was carried out including sociodemographic questions about COVID-19, type of university, face-to-face classes and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale for Face-to-Face Learning (FCV-19S-FL). Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, ANOVA and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. The results obtained identified a set of fear predictor variables (total, emotional and cognitive), with emphasis on females, first- and second-year students, attendance of courses not related to Health Sciences, preference for a distance learning model, comorbidities among family members or friends, and no previous COVID-19 infection. The comparative study between countries showed that university students in Brazil showed higher levels of all types of fear, statistically significant when compared to the other countries studied, with the exception of England. The results obtained show the impacts and management of the pandemic at the resumption of face-to-face classes after a period of exclusively distance learning, identifying university students at greater risk of mental health.
Tier Three Pension Scheme in Ghana: What is the Employees’ Level of Understanding?
Authors: Darkwa-Gyekye Belinda , Antwi Richard , Boahene Emmanuel
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The study examined the level of knowledge of Tier III pension scheme among public sector employees in the New Juaben Municipality.

Methodology: The descriptive research design was employed. Data were collected, using self-administered questionnaire from 300 randomly selected employees. Data collected were analysed using means, standard deviations and Explanatory Factor Analysis.

Findings: The results showed that eight dimensions account for about 78% of the variance in level of knowledge of Tier III pension scheme. Furthermore, generally, the level of knowledge of Tier III pension scheme among employees was low. It was concluded that employees were agitated because they had low level of knowledge of the Tier III pension scheme.

Recommendations: It was recommended that the immediate superiors of employees should, from time to time, organise seminars to take employees through all that the employees need to know about the Tier III Pension Scheme.
Assessment of the Influence of Quadruple Constraint Management on Home Insurance Performance in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Osea Christopher , Moronge Makori
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study was to establish the extent to which quadruple constraint management affects home insurance performance in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was guided by the following research objectives: to establish the extent to which scope management, time management, cost management and quality management affect home insurance performance in Nairobi County, Kenya. Two theories of quadruple constraint management and performance were advanced. The study had four independent variables (scope management, time management, cost management and quality management), one intervening variable (gross domestic product growth rate) and one dependent variable (home insurance performance). Research methodology adopted was mixed methods. The study embraced an explanatory sequential research design. Target population comprised 185 respondents. Stratified random sampling method yielded a sample size of 135 respondents. A personally administered questionnaire and a structured interview were employed as research instruments. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29. Research instruments were valid because the researcher sought advice from research experts including the supervisor. Research instruments were reliable because all test-retest reliability coefficients were greater than 0.7. Correlation analysis showed that scope management, time management, cost management and quality management were positively correlated with home insurance performance. The study concluded that the four project management competencies improved home insurance performance. Quadruple constraint management is paramount to the monitoring and evaluation process of home insurance performance. The study recommends that insurers, insureds, intermediaries and other industry players adopt quadruple constraint management in their activities to boost industry performance.
Predictors of Quality Teaching of Elementary School Teachers: A Multiple Regression Analysis
Authors: Armidor Joey Rey Sulayon , Junsay Marilou Delfin , Dagohoy Ronel Geraldizo
Published: April 2023

Quality teaching is influenced by varied dimensions. This predictive research extrapolates which predictors affect quality teaching. Employing stratified simple random sampling, 168 out of 290 elementary school teachers answered the validated and tried out survey questionnaire via an online platform. Findings reveal that role overload and career development opportunity significantly influence quality teaching. Class size, length of service, and personal commitment do not significantly influence quality teaching. The model generated is Quality Teaching = 3.562 + 0.325*Role Overload + 0.245*Career Development Opportunity. The management may support elementary school teachers to grab career development opportunity as these contribute to their quality teaching. Teachers who manifest high role overload may be prioritized to be given career development opportunity as a reward for their hard work.
Handling Student-Athletes through the Lens of Educational Leaders
Authors: Boquel Mae Ann Bayog , Junsay Marilou Delfin
Published: April 2023

Handling student-athletes has been a challenging yet rewarding journey for educational leaders. This phenomenological inquiry study aims to explore the experiences of educational leaders in handling student-athletes. This study conducted an In-depth Interview of ten (10) school heads or principals to share their experiences regarding setbacks, coping strategies, and insights on handling student-athletes. The findings reveal that educational leaders need more sports equipment and practice facilities, school funds, and coaches’ skills training, and there are student athletes’ low academic performance and misbehavior. However, this study presents that the abovementioned setbacks can be addressed by internal fund allocation, resource generation, coaches’ skills development programs, and student athletes’ development programs. This study also discloses that educational leaders perceive that well-funded sports program produces better results. They also believe stakeholders play an essential role in sustaining their financial performance. More than that, educational leaders realize that competent coaches significantly bring out winnable student-athletes. They likewise point out that student-athletes must value academics as they value sports. The study’s findings serve as a basis for developing a quality management system for sports programs that may include plans, programs, projects, activities, and policies that can improve the management of sports programs. Paper presentation and publication of this paper may add to the related studies and literature on sports management.
Exploring Grade Two Teachers’ Interpretation of New Curriculum Pedagogical Concepts in the Teaching of Writing
Authors: Sulfasyah Sulfasyah
Published: April 2023

This paper aims to discover teachers’ interpretation of the pedagogical concepts informing the underlying philosophical framework of the curriculum implemented in Indonesia when the study on which this paper is based was conducted. The curriculum was Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP), meaning school-based curriculum. The teachers’ understandings of the pedagogical concepts were examined using the setting of writing lesson teaching in grade 2. The study used a qualitative method that involved 10 grade two teachers from 10 elementary schools in Makassar, Indonesia. Data collection techniques were classroom observations, informal discussion at the end of each observation, and interviews. Although the KTSP committed to distance from a traditional view of teaching and learning, the study found that the teachers’ interpretations of the pedagogical concepts of the KTSP in the teaching of writing appeared to echo this view. The study also found that the teachers interpreted the pedagogical concepts through competencies of writing lesson that grade two students should achieve. Although other forms of curricula have replaced the KTSP, the findings from this study could inform the government and other relevant decision-makers about teachers’ difficulties in understanding change that will have an implication on policy and practice regarding the support given to teachers in implementing existing and future curricula in Indonesia and different contexts.
LAJE BUBBLEDECK: UMA RELAÇÃO DE EFICIÊNCIA ESTRUTURAL X CUSTO BENEFÍCIO EM OBRAS
Authors: Oliveira Rozadas Dione
Published: April 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo explicitar o uso da tecnologia da Laje BubbleDeck em construções no Brasil. Esta estrutura, apenas foi utilizada em algumas obras de grande porte do Brasil, como por exemplo, o Centro Administrativo do Distrito Federal (2015) e na sede da empresa Odebrecht, em Salvador-BA. No capítulo cinco a tecnologia BubbleDeck é apresentada, a partir da primeira obra concluída na Dinamarca; ainda neste capítulo é realizado um estudo comparativo entre os diversos modelos construtivos de lajes existentes no mercado da construção civil, comparando a Laje Steel Deck e a tecnologia BubbleDeck; no capítulo seis é realizado o estudo de caso apresentado à aplicabilidade, benefícios e custo efetivo da utilização da tecnologia BubbleDeck para ampliação do edifício garagem do Aeroporto Internacional Antônio Carlos Jobim – Galeão-Rio de Janeiro.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS APRENDIZAGENS POR PROFESSORES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Bergamo Joseila Aparecida , De Paiva Silva Keila Cristina , Viana de Queiroz Roger , De Paulo Santos Juciani Aparecida , Dos Santos Maxwel
Published: April 2023

O artigo presente ressalta sobre métodos diferentes para avaliar alunos. Partindo-se de tal posicionamento, o objetivo geral é organizar uma proposta de formação docente consoante a importância da avaliação da aprendizagem no contexto escolar nas aulas de Educação Física. Os objetivos específicos permeiam em fornecer uma proposta concreta de formação docente sobre a importância da avaliação da aprendizagem no contexto escolar para os professores de Educação física da instituição Unifametro, destacando as funções de avaliação de aprendizagem do aluno e descrevendo a realidade dos professores e suas experiências avaliativas ao uso de métodos de avaliação da aprendizagem. Optou-se pela metodologia quantitativa, com emprego de um questionário estruturado com perguntas fechadas.  Diante disso, sinalizamos que o estudo direcionado à prática compreende os principais fatores da avaliação vinculada ao conteúdo. Por (re) pensar na prática, observou-se que é conciso avaliar os alunos e distinguir este componente avaliativo. Assim, pode-se ampliar a visão sobre determinados fatores para que os professores utilizem métodos diferentes para avaliar seus alunos. Concluiu-se que a avaliação na Educação Física é de grande importância, pois contribui para a o progresso do ensino, coerente sistematização de um procedimento responsável de ensino-aprendizagem, sendo eficaz para o desenvolvimento do aluno.
SATISFAÇÃO DE ENFERMEIROS COM A UTILIZAÇÃO DE UM SOFTWARE PARA REGISTRO DO PROCESSO DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Biffi Priscila , Valeria de Oliveira Vargas Bitencourt Julia , Brum Haag Fabiana , Maestri Eleine , Campos Meschial William , Garcia Parker Alexander
Published: April 2023

O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a satisfação de enfermeiros com a utilização de um software, comparando com o editor de textos Microsoft Word, para os registros do Processo de Enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo transversal no qual foi aplicado um questionário on-line sobre as formas de registro do Processo de Enfermagem, entre maio e junho de 2020, com 32 enfermeiros da área hospitalar. Evidenciou-se diferença significativa na satisfação com a utilização do software, comparado ao Word. Verificou-se correlação significativa entre tempo para registro do Processo de Enfermagem pós software com tempo de trabalho na enfermagem; percepção da produção de banco de dados pós software com tempo de trabalho na enfermagem; percepção da produção de banco de dados pós software e titulação; e dificuldades no registro do Processo de Enfermagem pós software e titulação. Constatou-se satisfação profissional com a utilização deste software para os registros do Processo de Enfermagem e a resolutividade da tecnologia implementada.
PERFIL LIPÍDICO DE ALUNOS INGRESSANTES DO CURSO DE MEDICINA
Authors: Ribeiro da Costa Andressa , Ferrari Natália , Bublitz Camila , Carlos Carla Patrícia , Iembo Tatiane
Published: April 2023

O perfil lipídico é avaliado por uma série de exames laboratoriais que incluem a quantificação do colesterol total (CT), colesterol da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-c), colesterol da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL-c) e triglicerídeos (TG), e é necessário para analisar os riscos de doença cardíaca coronariana, associados com o distúrbio do metabolismo dos lipídeos, conhecido como dislipidemia. O presente estudo teve como objetivo: : verificar o perfil lipídico de alunos que ingressaram no curso de medicina. As análises foram feitas através do questionário IPAQ, níveis de HDL, LDL, CT e Triglicerídeos. Foram avaliados 29 estudantes de medicina que ingressaram no curso no ano de 2019, a média de idade foi de 19,92 anos, altura média foi de 1,67m e o peso médio encontrado foi de 68,44kg. Em relação à atividade física, observou-se que 11 pessoas (37,9%) relataram não praticar e 62,1% referiram realizar algum tipo de atividade física. Além disso, percebeu-se que 34,5% dos estudantes apresentavam HDL em níveis alterados, em contrapartida, apenas 13,8% apresentavam níveis de LDL alterados. Nos dados analisados de 29 estudantes, 34,48% apresentaram alteração nos níveis de triglicerídeos, 13,79% níveis elevados de Colesterol Total, 34,48% níveis baixos de HDL e 13,79% aumento da concentração de LDL sanguíneo. Em relação à bebida alcoólica, constatou-se que a maioria dos estudantes de medicina estudados faziam uso mais de uma vez por semana. Vale ressaltar que novas pesquisas devem ser realizadas, com uma amostra maior para maiores correlações, além de outros centros pelo país.
DEPRESSÃO EM IDOSOS RESIDENTES EM INSTITUIÇÃO DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA: ESTUDO DE REVISÃO
Authors: Scarano Natália Maciel Costa , Bessa Maria Eliana Peixoto , Mota Fernanda Rochelly Nascimento
Published: April 2023

A depressão vem se apresentando na sociedade pós-moderna com índice bastante elevado, resultando em sofrimento que interfere significativamente na redução da qualidade de vida, na produtividade e incapacitação social do indivíduo. As causas dessa patologia em idosos é agravada pelas perdas decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento e agravada com a institucionalização. Esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar as evidências na literatura sobre a depressão em idosos residentes em uma instituição de longa permanência. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura. A coleta dos dados ocorreu nos meses de fevereiro a abril de 2017 na base de dados LILACS, resultando numa amostra final de 6 estudos que compuseram o corpus da pesquisa. Os estudos foram categorizados nas seguintes temáticas: prevalência da depressão em idosos institucionalizados; idoso e família; perfil clínico da depressão em idosos; estratégias de enfrentamento; cuidado de enfermagem. Foi possível evidenciar que esse este estudo servirá como instrumento de informação à instituição, onde poderá traçar as melhores intervenções de enfermagem e as medidas preventivas.
Effect of Credit Management on Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Eldoret, Kenya
Authors: Lagat Daniel Kipkoech , Bogongo Jared
Published: April 2023

Purpose: The main aim of the current study was to find out the effect of credit management on financial performance of commercial banks in Eldoret, Kenya. The study specifically focused on finding out the effects of credit terms, credit standards and collection policy on financial performance of commercial banks operating in Eldoret. The study was guided by both Asymmetric Information Theory, Credit Scoring Theory and Theory of Performance.

Methodology: A descriptive survey design was employed in the study with the target population comprising of 30 licensed commercial banks operating in Eldoret. The unit of observation comprised all branch managers and credit officers from each commercial bank making a total of 177 respondents. A census approach was employed where all the units of observation were included in the study. Both primary and secondary data was utilized in the study where questionnaires collected primary data whereas a secondary data collection sheet was utilized to gather secondary data from printed sources. The data collected was analyzed through both descriptive and inferential statistics. In the study, the descriptive statistics comprised of means, average and standard deviation whereas the inferential statistics comprised of regression correlation analysis. Both MS Excel and SPSS Software v25 was utilized to generate the statistics. The results of the study were presented in form of tables and figures.

Findings: The study established that credit terms, credit standards and collection policy affects financial performance of commercial banks in Eldoret to a positive and significant level. This depicted by beta values of 0.336, 0.404 and 0.304 and significance values of 0.000, 0.000 and 0.003 respectively.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The results have the implications that the levels of financial performance of the commercial banks increases with the respective beta values following a unit increase in any of the independent variables. The study provided recommendations to the management of commercial banks operating in Eldoret to enhance the levels of practices surrounding credit terms, credit standards and collection policy since the practices translates into improved financial performance.
Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’nde Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin Yayılmacılık Politikası: Afganistan Örneği
Authors: YILMAZ Hakan
Published: April 2023

Soğuk Savaş Dönemi, İkinci Dünya Savaşı sona erdikten sonra uluslararası sistemde ortaya çıkan güç boşluğunu doldurmak amacıyla Doğu ve Batı Blokları arasında yaşanan hâkimiyet mücadelelerini kapsamaktadır. Bu dönemde her iki blok arasında yaşanan rekabet, sıcak çatışmaya varmamış ve yeni uluslararası düzen Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) ve Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin (SSCB) başı çektiği blokların bu döneme ilişkin politikaları çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. SSCB bu dönemde yayılmacılık politikasını uygulamış ve Doğu Avrupa ülkeleri başta olmak üzere birçok alanı işgal etmiştir. Bu dönemde SSCB’nin işgal ettiği bölgelerin jeopolitik açıdan büyük bir önemi haizdir. Çalışmada ele alınan Afganistan örneği, sahip olduğu jeopolitik konum nedeniyle tarihte birçok güç mücadelesine sahne olmuştur. Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’ne gelindiğinde dünyanın iki büyük süper gücü olan ABD ve SSCB, Afganistan toprakları ile yakından ilgilenmiş ve bu topraklarda hâkimiyet kurmak için büyük bir rekabete girişmişlerdir. Bu rekabet mücadeleleri, 1979 yılında SSCB’nin Afganistan’ı işgali ile sonuçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Soğuk Savaş Dönemi’nin temel dinamikleri ve SSCB’nin yayılmacılık politikası çerçevesinde 1979 yılında gerçekleşen Afganistan’ın işgali konusu incelenmektedir.
Blood and Organ Donation using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Prof. Rajeshree Sonawale  , Prajakta Asole  , Swaranjali Bhujbal  , Divya Gupta  , Rucha Jhunghare
Published: April 2023

In order to ensure a fair and efficient process for organ donation, an end-to-end system is necessary to address the various challenges and requirements related to registration, donor-recipient matching, legal, clinical, ethical, and technical considerations. To achieve this, we propose a solution based on the public Ethereum blockchain, which is fully decentralized, secure, traceable, auditable, private, and trustworthy. Our approach involves the development of smart contracts and the implementation of six algorithms, which we thoroughly test and validate. Through privacy, security, and confidentiality analyses, we evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed solution and compare it to existing solutions.