bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological and immunohistochemical especially of stilled pregnancy the first trimester
Authors: Tral Tat’yana Georgievna , Tolibova Gulrukhsor Khaybulloevna
Published: April 2016

Results of histological examination showed that stilled pregnancy occurs not only when the incomplete transformation of endometrial stroma, but also in terms of its full maturation regardless of hormonal support to maintain pregnancy. With increasing gestational age, regardless of hormonal support of pregnancy complete transformation of the endometrium occurs significantly more frequently. Furthermore, role hormonal drugs is not critical for the formation of endometrial glandular system. Increased expression of estrogen receptor in the glands and stroma of endometrium during pregnancy indicate the pathology of the first phase of the menstrual cycle. The reduction of the expression of KISS1 in endometrium during pregnancy was observed by the end of the first trimester of pregnancy due to the fading of the first stage of trophoblast invasion.
Diagnosis and prediction of acute endometritis according to informative features of cell immunity
Authors: Agarkov Nikolay Mikhaylovich , Afanasova Elena Panteleyevna , Budnik Irina Vasilievna
Published: April 2016

Immunosuppression of all the research features of cell immunity, high values of displacement and disintegration of T-helpers, citotoxi T-lymphocyte and natural killers, the increase of correlation among cell immunity components were revealed at 78 patients with acute endometritis by indirect immunophluoresent method. According to intermodal points of displacement, disintegration, information, modeling of clinical situation and correlation connections on a system level the main diagnostic features of acute endometritis are absolute and relative number of T-helpers, absolute content of natural helpers. The definition of the 3 above mentioned points of cell immunity would help to cut down financial expenses and prediction of acute endometritis easier.
Laparoscopic hysterectomy for endometrial carcinoma in obese patients
Authors: Berlev Igor’ Viktorovich , Ul’rikh Elena Aleksandrovna , Aminzhon Bakhtierovich Saparov , Nekrasova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Mikaya Nikolay Aleksandrovich , Urmancheeva Adel’ Fedorovna , Tsipurdeeva Anna Alekseevna
Published: April 2016

Background. Up to date the coincidence of endometrial carcinoma and obesity is widespread. Obesity has unfavorable action on surgical treatment results. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic technique for surgical treatment of endometrial carcinoma in obese patients. Methods. We have prospectively evaluated the results of surgical treatment from 97 obese patients with low metastasis risk endometrial carcinoma from 2010 to 2014 years. Results. Laparoscopic surgery associated with low intraoperative blood loss (26.4 ± 7.1 ml vs 267.2 ± 45.0 ml, p < 0.0001), on the other hand laparoscopic surgery not prolongs operating time (108.8 ± 7.5 min vs 104.3 ± 13.5 min, p = 0.38). Obese patients after laparoscopic surgery have low complications rate (1.5 % vs. 48.3 %, p = 0.002). Conclusions. Laparoscopy is effective option for surgical treatment of low metastasis risk endometrial cancer patients with obesity.
En la variedad está el gusto. El feminismo, entre la pluralidad y la reafirmación de los compromisos comunes
Authors: Granados Barco Adriana
Published: April 2016

The following article approaches the paths traveled by the feminist policies through different historical times; with the intention, on one side, to create statements related to the present of a plural feminist movement that has caused criticism and self-criticism; on the other hand, to re-evaluate key concepts from multiples fight models against inequality and from the composition of a non-homogeneous feminism subject. In this sense, reflections aimed to highlight those common nuclei that have been and remain being continuities on a broken environment, recognizing the political validity that preserves nowadays such as shared commitments and the relevance they have in Latin American realities.
La estructura del “sector del sexo” en el sureste asiático. Una realidad poliédrica
Authors: Pozo Gordaliza Rosario , Ballester Brage Luis , Orte Socias Carmen
Published: April 2016

This paper studies the most significant elements that define the sex industry in Southeast Asia, using the systematic bibliographic revision. These include, first, its complex, organization, sophistication, diversification and structuring; Its relation with the feminization of poverty, migration and ethnic minorities, sex trafficking, and the growing sex tourism. Second, we will talk about its customers, the young demographic structure and the early access to the prostitution market. Then we shall refer to gender inequalities, cultural and religious beliefs, and the collective social imaginary. Next, we will discuss the concept of direct and indirect prostitution, the idea of choice and their limits on the statistics production. Finally we will look for some discussion to address the phenomenon from a human rights perspective.
Consumo literario en lenguas indígenas: experiencias de revitalización desde el Sur de México
Authors: Córdova Hernández Lorena
Published: April 2016

This article analyzes, from several ethnographic experiences in Southern Mexico, the way in which agents for language revitalization design the programs or projects of literacy in indigenous languages. From the field of revitalization, promotion of literacy is a prerequisite for the production and consumption of literature in these languages. Mainly, this article discusses the production of literary goods from the reading skills of potential consumers. In addition, it interrogates how literacy is imagined as an education process that at the end does not result in the training of readers.
Aspectos generales de un modelo de oralidad en la Universidad Icesi
Authors: Ortega García Óscar , Rodríguez Calle James , Montaño Maritza
Published: April 2016

This research report presents the results gathered during the stages of inquiry, compilation, and proposal of an orality model unique to Icesi University. The document is divided into five sections that make use of the Aristotelean rhetorical model: 1. Inventio: summarizes the process of establishing the need of an oral expression model for the Icesi university, including early stage research. 2. Dispositio:  reviews the steps of the proposed model. 3. Elocutio: presents the theoretical background for the model. 4. Actio: a detailed characterization of the real world performance of the model. 5. Mneme: Conclusions.
Student Vulnerability, Agency and Learning Analytics: An Exploration
Authors: Prinsloo Paul , Slade Sharon
Published: April 2016

The increasing potential and practice of collecting, analysing and using student data necessitates that higher education institutions (HEIs) critically examine their assumptions, paradigms and practices regarding student data. There is a real danger that some current approaches to learning analytics within higher education ignore the fiduciary duty of HEIs and the impact and scope of the asymmetrical power relationship between students and the institution. In the light of increasing concerns regarding surveillance, higher education cannot afford a simple paternalistic approach to the use of student data. Very few HEIs have regulatory frameworks in place and/or share information with students regarding the scope of data that may be collected, analysed, used and shared. It is clear from literature that basic opting in or opting out does not sufficiently allow for many of the complex issues in the nexus of privacy, consent, vulnerability and agency. The notion of vulnerability (institutional and individual) allows an interesting and useful lens on the collection and use of student data. Though both institutional and individual vulnerability needs to be considered, this paper focuses specifically on student vulnerability. An earlier framework developed by Prinsloo and Slade provides tentative pointers to consider a range of responses to decrease students’ vulnerability, increase students’ agency and move students as participants in learning analytics from quantified selves to qualified selves.
Trace-based Micro-analytic Measurement of Self-Regulated Learning Processes
Authors: Siadaty Melody , Gasevic Dragan , Hatala Marek
Published: April 2016

To keep pace with today’s rapidly growing knowledge-driven society, productive self-regulation of one’s learning processes are essential. We introduce and discuss a trace-based measurement protocol to measure the effects of scaffolding interventions on self-regulated learning (SRL) processes. It guides tracing of learners’ actions in a learning environment on the fly and translating these data into indicators of engagement in SRL processes that reflect learners’ use of scaffolding interventions and contingencies between those events. Graphs of users’ learning actions in a learning environment are produced. Our trace-based protocol offers a new methodological approach to investigating SRL and new ways to examine factors that affect learners’ use of self-regulatory processes in technology-enhanced learning environments. Our application of the protocol was described in a study about Learn-B, a learning environment for SRL in the workplace. The findings of the work presented in this paper indicate that future research can gain substantially by using learning analytics based on users’ trace data and merging them with other quantitative and qualitative techniques for researching SRL beliefs and processes.
Developing a Code of Practice for Learning Analytics
Authors: Sclater Niall
Published: April 2016

Ethical and legal objections to learning analytics are barriers to development of the field, thus potentially denying students the benefits of predictive analytics and adaptive learning. Jisc, a charitable organisation which champions the use of digital technologies in UK education and research, has attempted to address this with the development of a Code of Practice for Learning Analytics. The Code covers the main issues institutions need to address in order to progress ethically and in compliance with the law. This paper outlines the extensive research and consultation activities which have been carried out to produce a document which covers the concerns of institutions and, critically, the students they serve. The resulting model for developing a code of practice includes a literature review, setting up appropriate governance structures, developing a taxonomy of the issues, drafting the code, consulting widely with stakeholders, publication, dissemination, and embedding it in institutions.
De-Identification in Learning Analytics
Authors: Khalil Mohammad , Ebner Martin
Published: April 2016

Learning Analytics has reserved its position as an important field in the educational sector. However, the large-scale collection, processing and analyzing of data have steered the wheel beyond the border lines and faced an abundance of ethical breaches and constraints. Revealing learners’ personal information and attitudes, as well as their activities, are major aspects that lead to personally identify individuals. Yet, de-identification can keep the process of Learning Analytics in progress while reducing the risk of inadvertent disclosure of learners’ identities. In this paper, the authors talk about de-identification methods in the context of learning environment and propose a first prototype conceptual approach that describes the combination of anonymization strategies and Learning Analytics techniques.
In Vitro Study on Hepatoprotective Effect of Phyllanthus fraternus Against Lead Induced Toxicity
Authors: Flora C. Shah  , Nayan K. Jain
Published: April 2016

Lead is one of the most abundant and hazardous environmental contaminants of the global concern. Environmental and occupational exposure to lead has continued to pose a serious threat to the health of living organisms due to its propensity to induce toxicity in mammalian systems. The major aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate ameliorative potential of Phyllanthus fraternus against lead induced hepatotoxicity. Current synergistic study involves exposure of goat liver homogenate to different concentrations of lead acetate and specific concentration of Phyllanthus fraternus aqueous extract for particular duration. During the study, biochemical indices like lipid peroxidation (LPO), Protein levels and enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), acid phosphatase (ACPase) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were measured. Results of the present study revealed that protein levels and enzymatic parameters of alkaline phosphatase as well as succinate dehydrogenase declined significantly while levels of lipid peroxidation and acid phosphatase increased significantly in lead acetate exposed goat liver homogenates as compared to control groups. The results also emphasized that effect of lead acetate was dose dependent. As the dosage of lead was increased, the intensity of damage to liver also found to be increased. Maximum alterations in all biochemical parameters were found at the dosage of 5 ppm. The results of the current study strongly suggested that lead had affected antioxidant system, protein content and activities of specific metabolic enzymes of liver homogenate. Co-administration of herbal aqueous extract of Phyllanthus fraternus (5 mg/ml) along with 5 ppm lead acetate to liver homogenate exerted an ameliorative effect and maintained the studied parameters closed to control group, which confers its protective role against lead induced hepatotoxicity.
Spectrofluorimetric and Spectrophotometric Determination of Irbesartan and Bisoprolol hemifumarate independently in their Tablets
Authors: Afaf A. Abdelmonem  , Gamal H. Ragab  , Hisham A. Hashem  , Eman A. Bahgat
Published: April 2016

Sensitive, simple and rapid spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric   methods were developed for the determination of Irbesartan (IRB) and Bisoprolol hemifumarate (BPH) in their tablets dosage form. Both methodologies are based on charge transfer reaction between the studied drugs and 7-Chloro-4-nitrobenzen-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole NBD-Cl. The developed orange products were measured in the appropriate solvent fluorometrically at 534 and 538 nm after excitation at 465 and 470 nm for IRB and BPH, respectively. The fluorescence–concentration plots were rectilinear over the range of 2.5–8 μg/mL for IRB and 6–16 μg/mL for BPH with lower detection limits of 0.18 and 0.39 μg/mL and a lower quantification limit of 0.55 and 1.17 μg/mL for IRB and BPH, respectively. The spectrophotometric method is based on measuring the orange colored products which were developed upon charge transfer complex formation between the studied drugs and (NBD-Cl) in organic media. This showed absorption maxima at 476 nm and 479 nm for IRB and BPH, respectively. The absorbance–concentration plots were rectilinear over the range of 20–90 μg/mL for IRB and 40–160 μg/mL for BPH with lower detection limits of 1.37 and 3.98 μg/mL and lower quantification limits of 4.17 and 12.06 μg/mL for IRB and BPH, respectively. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of the two selected drugs. The current study showed that the results were in good agreement with the reference methods.
La cultura organizacional en el complejo hospitalario y universitario de Albacete
Authors: Bleda José Mª
Published: April 2016

El presente trabajo expone los resultados obtenido en una investigación realizada en el Complejo Hospitalario y Universitario de Albacete. Se utilizó un cuestionario dividido en siete apartados diferentes: filosofía de la organización, orientación de la organización, fidelidad, entorno, habilidades generales, percepción del trabajo y estimulación laboral. La selección de la muestra se hizo por un procedimiento no probabilístico a propósito y estratificado.
Andalucía, un estilo de vida oral
Authors: Almeida Julio
Published: April 2016

Ya en el Libro egipcio de los muertos pueden leerse palabras de un alma que se confiesa. Esta alma hace confesión negativa y cuenta una larga serie de pecados que no ha hecho y que copio al azar: ¡Oh tú, espíritu! Yo no cometí malas acciones; yo no cometí ningún fraude; yo no robé; yo no maté a mis semejantes; yo no mentí; yo no escuché detrás de las puertas; yo nunca cometí adulterio; yo nunca inicié querellas; yo nunca enriquecí de forma ilícita; yo no pequé jamás por hablar demasiado.

Para los antiguos egipcios, por lo visto, hablar demasiado era pecar.

Según las hipótesis más recientes, el hombre empezó a hablar hace unos cien mil años, cuando aún se hallaba en el Paleolítico Inferior, pero obviamente hay considerables diferencias cuantitativas y cualitativas. Quisiera mostrar y demostrar que Andalucía se distingue por un estilo de vida predominantemente oral. Los andaluces se mantienen fieles a una forma de vida pregutemberiana. Con las excepciones de rigor, los andaluces leen más bien poco y hablan mucho y muy bien. Esta es la cuestión.
ANXIOLYTIC - LIKE PROPERTIES OF HALLEA CILIATA IN MICE
Authors: Jacqueline Stephanie Njapdounke Kameni , Gisele Nkantchoua Nkamguie , Fleur Clarisse Moto Okomolo , Germain Aiwe Sotoing , Neteydji Idiki , Simon Pale , Espoir Rigobert Ayissi Mbomo , Elisabeth Ngo Bum
Published: April 2016

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anxiolytic properties of the decoction of stem bark of Hallea ciliata

in mice. The decoction of Hallea ciliata is used in traditional medicine in Cameroon to treat diseases like anxiety disorders, fever,

infantile convulsions and malaria.

Materials and Methods: Stress induced hyperthermia, elevated plus maze, open field and hole-board tests were used. Four different

doses of the decoction were administered to mice and their effects were compared to the effects of diazepam and vehicle.

Phytochemical characterization of the decoction revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins.

Results: Administration of Hallea ciliata resulted in a significant decrease of stress induced hyperthermia in mice at the doses of

29.5, 59 and 118 mg/kg. In the elevated plus maze test, Hallea ciliata increased the number of entries and the percentages of entries

and time into the open arms, and reduced the number of entries and the percentages of entries and time into the closed arms. In the

hole-board test, Hallea ciliata increased the number of both head-dipping and crossing and decreased the latency to the first headdips

and rearing. The decoction of Hallea ciliata and diazepam increased locomotion in the open field test.

Conclusion: The number of rearing and the mass of fecal boli produced were decreased in mice treated with decoction and

diazepam. In conclusion, the results indicated that decoction of Hallea ciliata has anxiolytic-like properties in mice and could

potentially be used for anxiety treatment.
ETHNOBOTANICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne.: A REVIEW
Authors: Idrees Saiba , Qureshi Rahmatullah , Bibi Yameen , Ishfaq Aqsa , Khalid Nadia , Iftikhar Anam , Shabir Anam , Riaz Iqra , Saboon Nil , Ahmad Nabeela
Published: April 2016

Background: Leptadenia pyrotechnica is traditionally used for treating various diseases. This species holds variety of bioactive
constituents that trigger healing properties. The present review was aimed to analyze nutritional, phytochemical and pharmacological
activities of L. pyrotechnica.
Materials and Methods: The present review regarding Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne. Is the compilation of data from
the previous research works conducted by various scientists across the world. Various published papers, medicinal plant databases,etc were utilized to compile the information.
Results: L. pyrotechnica is a wonderful desert plant belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae This plant possesses antifungal,
antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, wound healing, anthelmintic, antiatheroscloretic, hypolipidemic, antdiabetic and
hepatoprotective activities coupled with other multifarious uses. Almost all plant parts are used in the traditional medicinal system to treat various disorders.
Conclusion: This review includes the substance of different ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and exclusive capability of this plant in the field of anti-microbial and human disease activities.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AMOMUM VILLOSUM: A SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION ON THREE DIFFERENT PRODUCTION MODES
Authors: Lai Yun-Feng , Chen Ling-Xiao , Chen Yu-Ning , Zhao Jing , Leong Fong , Li Xi-Wen , Yang Qing , Li Peng , Hu Hao
Published: April 2016

Background: Amomum Villosum (A. Villosum), called Chunsharen in Chinese, is widely used in treating gastrointestinal disease. Its

clinical benefits have been confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo studies. Facing the shortage of wild A. Villosum, artificial

cultivating and natural fostering have been practiced in recent years. Therefore, it would be wondered whether the three different

types of A. Villosum are comparable or not, particularly the herbal qualities, technological challenges, ecological impacts and

economic benefits.

Material and methods: In this study, we combined quality research by using GC-MS, and field investigation to provide a systematic

assessment about the three types of A. Villosum from these four aspects.

Results: It found that the wild type had low output and was in an endangered situation. The artificial cultivation had larger

agriculturing area with higher productivity, but faced the ecological challenges. Lastly, the natural fostering type generated the

highest economic benefit and relatively low ecological impact. In addition, the natural fostering type had relatively better quality

than the other types.

Conclusion: Therefore, it suggests that natural fostering can be applied for long-term sustainable development of A. Villosum.
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF TULBAGHIA VIOLACEA HARV. IN A DIABETIC MODEL.
Authors: Moodley Kogi , Mackraj Irene
Published: April 2016

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a cluster of metabolic diseases with chronic hyperglycemia as a defining feature, associated

with long-term organ damage and dysfunction. In this study we examined the effect of Tulbaghia violacea rhizome methanolic

extract on blood glucose and lipids in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (250-300g) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with streptozotocin (60mg/kg body

weight) to induce diabetes; or provided with distilled water for the control (CON) (3 ml/kg/b.w.) animals and treatment with TVL

(60mg/kg.b.w). The rats were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals per group as follows: Non-diabetic control (NDC)-received

distilled water (3ml/kg.b.w), Non-diabetic TVL (ND+TVL)-received TVL (60mh/kg b.w), Diabetic control (DC)-received distilled

water (3ml/kg.b.w), Diabetic experimental (D+TVL)-received TVL (60mg/kg.b.w), Diabetic experimental (D+M)-received

Metformin (250 mg/kg.b.w). All doses were administered daily via oral gavage.

Results: TVL-treated animals showed reduced blood glucose, increased plasma insulin, reduced plasma TG, TC, VLDL and

increased HDL. Furthermore we found decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and increased superoxide

dismutase (SOD) activity and nitric oxide significantly. Regarding renal parameters we found increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN),

and improved renal morphology in TVL-treated animals.

Conclusion: Tulbaghia violacea has a hypoglycaemic effect which could due to its effects on multiple pathways of the

hyperglycemic process. Further work is needed to identify the mechanism of its antidiabetic effect.
THE EFFECTS OF SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM-DERIVED TRITERPENES ON GASTROINTESTINAL GHRELIN EXPRESSION IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Luvuno Mluleki , Prosperity Mbongwa Hlengiwe , Khathi Andile
Published: April 2016

Background: Diabetic polyphagia has been associated with elevated plasma ghrelin levels in experimental type 1 diabetes. This
increase in food consumption contributes to chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetes thus contributing to the development of micro- and
macrovascular complications.We have reported that plant-derived oleanolic acid (OA) and maslinic acid (MA) reduce blood glucose
levels, in part, through the inhibition of intestinal carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes and glucose transporters. However, their effects
on food intake and plasma ghrelin concentrations are unclear. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of these triterpenes on food
intake and ghrelin expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Material: The effects of OA and MA on blood glucose concentration; food and water intake were monitored over five weeks after
which plasma ghrelin concentrations were measured. Additionally, the expression of ghrelin in the various sections of the GIT was
determined using Western blot analysis.
Results: Ghrelin concentrations in untreated STZ-induced diabetic rats were significantly higher in comparison to the non-diabetic
control. Interestingly, the administration of OA and MA reduced food intake, blood glucose levels and plasma ghrelin levels in STZinduced
diabetic rats. This was further complemented by significant reductions in the gastrointestinal expression of ghrelin
suggesting that the anti-diabetic properties of these triterpenes are mediated, in part, through the reduction of food intake and the
modulation of ghrelin expression.
Conclusion: The findings of the study suggest that the control of food intake through the reduction of ghrelin expression by plantderived
OA and MA may constitute an avenue of glycaemic control in diabetes mellitus.
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF PLATYCODIN D ON ALCOHOL-INDUCED FATTY LIVER RATS VIA TLR4-MYD88-NF-
Authors: Wu Jing-tao , Yang Gui-wen , Qi Cui-hua , Zhou Lei , Hu Jian-guo , Wang Mao-shan
Published: April 2016

Background: The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of PD, triterpenoid saponins extracted from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorumon on alcohol-induced fatty liver and investigate the possible mechanism of anti-inflammation and anti-endotoxin.

Methods and Materials: A rat model was set up by feeding alcohol and fish oil to experimental animals, which then were treated with PD of 10, 20, 30 mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks, respectively. Whereafter, liver function enzymes, endotoxin of serum and liver lipid were assayed by biochemical methods, cytokines, histochemistry of hepatic tissue, the protein expression of CD14 and the TLR4, the mRNA expression of MD-2, MyD 88 and TRAF-6 were assayed.

Results: Treatment with PD on ALF rats significantly decreased the levels of ALT, AST and TBIL, coefficient of liver index and the hepatic tissue contents of TG, additionally and dramatically ameliorated gut leakiness, decreased serum endotoxins levels, down-regulated MD-2 and CD14 levels, as well as the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88 and TRAF-6, accordingly suppressed NF-
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF LYCOPENE AGAINST THE GROWTH OF HUMAN GASTRIC CANCER CELLS
Authors: Zhou ShenKang , Zhang RuiLi , Bi TieNan , Lu Yong , Jiang LiangXian
Published: April 2016

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of Lycopene on HGC-27 cells.

Materials and methods HGC-27 cells were treated with varying concentration lycopene for 24, 48, 72 h. The cell growth inhibition

was analyzed by MTT. Western blotting was used to indicate changes in the levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, ERK (extracellular

signal‐regulated protein kinase) and phosphorylation-ERK (p-ERK).

Results Lycopene displayed antiproliferative activity in HGC-27 cell lines. Western blotting showed that Lycopene significantly

enhanced LC3-I, p-ERK proteins expression. In gastric cancer nude mice model, lycopene treatment significantly decreased tumour

weight. These findings indicated that lycopene treatment induces the anti-proliferation of HGC-27 cells.

Conclusion Lycopene treatment inhibited HGC-27 cells growth by activating ERK.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI.
Authors: Mahlo Salome Mamokone , Chauke Hassani Richard , McGaw Lyndy , Eloff Jacobus
Published: April 2016

Background: Medicinal plants are used by many ethnic groups as a source of medicine for the treatment of various ailments in both

humans and domestic animals. These plants produce secondary metabolites that have antimicrobial properties, thus screening of

medicinal plants provide another alternative for producing chemical fungicides that are relatively non-toxic and cost-effective.

Materials and methods: Leaf extracts of selected South African plant species (Bucida buceras, Breonadia salicina, Harpephyllum

caffrum, Olinia ventosa, Vangueria infausta and Xylotheca kraussiana) were investigated for activity against selected

phytopathogenic fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, Colletotricum gloeosporioides, Penicillium janthinellum, P.

expansum, Trichoderma harzianum and Fusarium oxysporum). These plant fungal pathogens causes major economic losses in fruit

industry such as blue rot on nectaries and postharvest disease in citrus. Plant species were selected from 600 evaluated inter alia,

against two animal fungal pathogens (Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans). Antioxidant activity of the selected plant

extracts were investigated using a qualitative assay (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)). Bioautography assay was used to

determine the number of antifungal compounds in plant extracts.

Results: All plant extracts were active against the selected plant phytopathogenic fungi. Moreover, Bucida buceras had the best

antifungal activity against four of the fungi, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values as low as 0.02 mg/ml and 0.08

mg/ml against P. expansum, P. janthinellum, T. harzianum and F. oxysporum. The plant extracts of five plant species did not possess

strong antioxidant activity. However, methanol extract of X. kraussiana was the most active radical scavenger in the DPPH assay

amongst the six medicinal plants screened. No antifungal compounds were observed in some of the plant extracts with good

antifungal activity as shown in the microdilution assay, indicating possible synergism between the separated metabolites.

Conclusion: The results showed that acetone was the best extractant. Furthermore, our findings also confirm the traditional use of

Breonadia salicina and demonstrate the potential value of developing biopesticides from plants.
EFFECTS OF L-ASCORBIC ACID AND ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL ON BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SWIMMING-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN SERUM OF GUINEA PIGS
Authors: BursaÄ‡-MitroviÄ‡ Marija , MilovanoviÄ‡ Dragan R. , MitiÄ‡ Radoslav , JovanoviÄ‡ Danijela , SovrliÄ‡ Miroslav M. , VasiljeviÄ‡ Perica , TomoviÄ‡ Jovica , ManojloviÄ‡ Nedeljko
Published: April 2016

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol as well as combination of

these vitamins with or without exposure to physical exercise on intensity of lipid peroxidation, activity of xanthine oxidase, activity

of total antioxidative system, concentration of glutathione, and activity of catalase in the serum of guinea pigs.

Materials and Methods: The experimental measurements of intensity of lipid peroxidation, activity of xanthine oxidase, activity of

total antioxidative system, concentration of glutathione, and activity of catalase were done in the serum of guinea pigs. The animals

were exposed to the test load to achieve exhaustion and the test was terminated when the animal for the third time to sink into the

water.

Results: The results of this study demonstrated that endurance exercise of guinea pigs induced oxidative stress response in terms of

increased lipid peroxidation and activity of xanthine oxidase in the serum of experimental animals. Our study investigated the

antioxidant activity of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol also measuring three protective markers in the serum: total antioxidant

activity, content of glutathione and activity of catalase. The results obtained show that the vitamins influence the concentrations of

above mentioned biochemical parameters, which points out their protective effect of swimming-induced oxidative stress.

Conclusion: Single or combined administration of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol caused significant inhibition of these

markers indicating the important antioxidant activity of the vitamins. Results lead to conclude that the combined treatments with

vitamins with or without exposure to physical exercise showed the clear synergistic effect.
NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AMORPHOPHALLUS CAMPANULATUS IN STZ INDUCED ALZHEIMER RAT MODEL
Authors: Chen Dong
Published: April 2016

Background: The present investigation deals with the assessment of neuroprotective effect Amorphophallus campanulatus (AC) tuber in

alzheimer diseased (AD) rat and also postulates its possible mechanism of action.

Material and Methods: AD was induced by administering streptozotocin i.e. STZ (3 mg/kg, ICV) day one and 3rd day after surgery.

Surgery was performed on anesthetized rats by the help of stereotaxic apparatus. STZ induced AD rats were treated with petroleum ether

extract of AC (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days. Effect of AC tuber in AD rats were assessed by estimating the alteration in the

behavior (Y maze apparatus and single trail passive avoidance), biochemical parameter in the brain tissue {Oxidative stress parameters

(SOD, CAT and LPO), amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE)} and histopathological study of brain tissue.

Result: Treatment with AC shows significant (p
Dimensionality-Dependent Foam Rheological Properties: How To Go From Linear to Radial Geometry for Foam Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Lee W.. , Lee S.. , Izadi M.. , Kam S. I.
Published: April 2016

Numerous laboratory and field tests reveal that foam can effectively control gas mobility and improve sweep efficiency, if correctly designed. It is believed that there is a significant gap between small laboratory-scale experiments and large field-scale tests because of two main reasons: (1) Typical laboratory flow tests are conducted in linear systems, whereas field-scale foam enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) processes are performed in radial (or spherical partly) systems and (2) through the complicated in-situ lamella creation/coalescence mechanisms and non-Newtonian behavior, foam rheology depends on the geometry and dimensionality. As a result, it is still an open question as to how to translate laboratory-measured data to field-scale treatments.

Motivated by earlier studies of Kovscek et al. (1994, 1997), this study investigates how such dimensionality-dependent foam rheological properties are affected by different injection conditions on small and large scales, with a mechanistic foam-modeling technique. Complex foam-flow characteristics such as three foam states (weak-foam, strong-foam, and intermediate states) and two steady-state strong-foam regimes (high-quality regime and low-quality regime) lie in the heart of this analysis.

The calculation results from small radial and spherical systems showed that (1) for strong foams in the low-quality regime injected, foam mobility decreased [or mobility reduction factor (MRF) increased] significantly with distance showing a good sweep efficiency; (2) for strong foams in the high-quality regime, the situation became more complicated—near the well, foam mobility decreased, but away from the well, foam mobility increased with distance, which eventually gave a relatively low sweep efficiency; and (3) for weak foams injected, foam mobility increased with distance showing a poor sweep efficiency. The results implied that the use of a fixed value of MRF, which is a common practice in field-scale reservoir simulations, might lead to a significant error. When the method was applied to a larger scale, it was shown that strong foams could propagate deeper into the reservoir at higher injection rate, higher injection pressure, and at lower injection foam quality. Foam-propagation distance was very sensitive to these injection conditions for strong foams in the high-quality regime, but much less sensitive for strong foams in the low-quality regime.
How CO2 Storage Mechanisms are Different in Organic Shale: Characterization and Simulation Studies
Authors: Pu Hui , Wang Yuhe , Li Yinghui
Published: April 2016

Widely-distributed organic-rich shales are being considered as one of the important carbon sequestration targets owing to three differentiators compared with conventional reservoirs and saline aquifers: 1) trapping of significant amount of CO2 permanently; 2) kerogen-rich shale's higher affinity of CO2; 3) existing infrastructure of wells and pipelines, etc. makes CO2 storage in organic-rich shales attractive because shale formations in US are in the vicinity of existing power or chemical plants. As a result, there are large savings for infrastructure and inventory, e.g., CO2 purification facility and pipelines, for plant operators as compared with carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in depleted conventional reservoirs or saline aquifers. The incapability to model capillarity with the consideration of imperative pore size distribution (PSD) characteristics using commercial software may lead to inaccurate results for CCUS. We developed a novel algorithm to examine how PSD would alter phase and flow behavior under nano-pore confinements. The assumptions in Langmuir isotherm in commercial software are not held for liquid-rich shale, and CO2 storage purpose in particular. Our adsorption model incorporates adsorption behavior using a local density optimization algorithm and is designed for multi-component interactions to adsorption sites for a full spectrum of reservoir pressures of interests. This feature allowed us to fully understand the storage and sieving capabilities for CO2/N2 flue gas system with remaining reservoir fluids.
Optimization of Post-Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Cleanup Utilizing Polymer Content Determination in Flowback Liquid Samples
Authors: Al-Ali Ammar H. , Al-Anazi Hamoud A. , Aziz Azly Abdul , Panda Saroj K. , Al-Hajji Adnan A.
Published: April 2016

Cross-linked hydraulic fracturing fluid gel can induce high damage in the fracture when left for a long time. Any residual gel not produced back reduces the conductivity of the fracture and the well productivity, leading to an extended flowback for a cleanup operation, which is not cost-effective.

The objective of this study is to assess the cleanup operation effectiveness by conducting a laboratory testing on the flowback fluid samples from hydraulically fractured three development wells to optimize flowback duration and cost, and minimizing formation damage; and thereby enhancing well productivity.

These wells are drilled in a clastic Devonian gas reservoir in Saudi Arabia. This reservoir has a range of permeability varying from tight (0.1 mD) that requires stimulation to highly prolific (greater than one Darcy) that produces naturally.

The laboratory analysis technique that was used for assessing the cleanup effectiveness is based on determination of the polymer content in the flowback of the fracturing fluid with a size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The technique provides the polymer concentration in the return fluid in a series of samples collected throughout the cleanup operation. The polymer strength of the residual fracturing fluids can then be inferred from the polymer concnetration and the production performance. This study shows that the SEC technique is effective to qualitatively determine the residual polymer content. The results are useful in establishing trends for the effective flowback practices based on different reservoir and fracture characteristics. Using the laboratory results to optimize these parameters, formation damage can be minimized and well productivity will be ultimately enhanced.
Real Gas Transport Through Complex Nanopores of Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Wu Keliu , Chen Zhangxin (John)
Published: April 2016

A model for real gas transfer in nanopores of shale gas reservoirs (SGRs) was proposed on the basis of the weighted superposition of slip flow and Knudsen diffusion, where the ratios of the intermolecular collisions and the molecule-nanopore wall collisions to the total collisions are the weighted factors of slip flow and Knudsen diffusion, respectively. The present model takes account of slip effect and real gas effect, additionally, the effects of cross-section type and its shape of nanopores on gas transport are also considered in this paper. The present model is successfully validated against existing molecular simulation data collected from different sources in literature. The results show: (1) the present model is reasonable to describe all of the gas transport mechanisms known, including continuum flow, slip flow and transition flow in nanopores of SGRs; (2) cross-section type and shape of nanopores both affect gas transfer capacity: at the same cross-sectional area, gas transfer capacity of nanopores with a circular cross-section is greater than that with a rectangular cross-section, and gas transfer capacity of nanopores with a rectangular cross-section decreases with an increasing aspect ratio; compared to cross-section type, the effect of cross-section shape on gas transfer capacity is stronger; (3) a real gas effect improves gas transfer capacity, which becomes more obvious with an increasing pressure and a decreasing pore size; (4) and compared to nanopores with a circular cross-section, the effect of real gas effect on gas transfer capacity of nanopores with a rectangular cross-section is stronger, and the effect increases with an increasing aspect ratio. The proposed model can provide some theoretical support in numerical simulation of reservoir behavior in SGRs.
Integrated Modeling for Assisted History Matching and Production Forecasting of Low Salinity Waterflooding
Authors: Dang Cuong , Nghiem Long , Nguyen Ngoc , Chen Zhangxing , Yang Chaodong
Published: April 2016

From a technical point of view, the success or failure of LSW (low salinity waterflooding) projects strongly depends on reservoir geology; however, this has not been systematically evaluated in the past and the effects of clay minerals are often neglected in conventional reservoir simulation. This paper presents one of the first studies on integrated modeling, assisted history matching (HM) and production forecasting of field-scale LSW.

To handle this complex recovery process, we used a comprehensive ion-exchange model, fully coupled with geochemistry specially designed for the modeling of LSW physical phenomena in an EOS reservoir simulator. The model is capable of accounting for the critical role of the properties, quantity, and distributions of clay minerals. We developed an integrated modeling approach that involves the combination of geological software, a reservoir simulator, and a robust optimizer in a big-loop workflow for sensitivity analysis, HM, optimization, and uncertainty assessment. The numerical simulation results indicate that LSW's performance depends critically on the reservoir geological characteristics. Multiple geological realizations can be automatically generated from the big-loop approach that are needed for fast and accurate HM and optimization of LSW. In sandstone reservoirs, clay content varies across regions, resulting in differences in ion-exchange capacity and weights of the relative permeability modification. We introduce the scaled-equivalent-fraction ion exchange which is associated with the calculated Cation-Exchange-Capacity function; the wettability alteration will be shifted based on both the ion exchange and the clay content in each grid block.

The key parameters for successful field-scale LSW HM include: clay distribution/quantity associated with different facies, relative permeability modification, wettability alteration thresholds, reservoir minerals, geochemical reactions, and operating conditions. Finally, LSW HM by tuning reservoir parameters only may lead to poor prediction results, while the integrated modeling approach provides much better forecasting results to the true history data.

The work presented in this paper contributes to an understanding of the critical roles of reservoir geology on the field-scale LSW performance, in particular, for substantially reducing HM errors, accurately predicting the future production, maximizing oil recovery and minimizing the risks of LSW implementation.
Maximizing Mature Field Production - A Novel Approach to Screening Mature Fields Revitalization Options
Authors: O'Brien Jeremy , Sayavedra Leopoldo , Mogollon Jose Luis , Lokhandwala Taher , Lakani Ramin
Published: April 2016

The industry is undergoing a transformational change, driven by increases in exploration and development costs in the last decade, combined with falling oil prices in recent months. As a result, there is an increased interest in squeezing more from mature assets. The general message is that a 1% increase in recovery factor could result in two additional years of global oil and gas supply; however, industry experts know how difficult it is to increase recovery from mature fields. This paper presents a novel screening method that enables a large number of scenarios to be considered and facilitates convergence on potential solutions.

By 2018, 70% of global oil production (more than 80 million B/D) is projected to come from mature fields (Fig. 1). Some major exploration and production (E&P) operators already have more than 70% of their portfolios in production decline. This global trend, combined with the pressure to reduce the cost per BOE resulting from declining oil prices, has pushed E&P operators to place a renewed emphasis on mature fields. This paper presents an integrated approach to revitalizing mature fields and addresses this new reality by focusing on three key areas: immediate impact solutions, reservoir optimization, and new pay.

The first step in this process is a screening and ranking method for mature field revitalization choices, which enables feasible options to be identified at an early stage, thus avoiding wasted time and money pursuing unfeasible and/or uneconomic options. A common challenge for the operators of mature assets is filtering the vast array of issues and potential solutions. This unique screening method leverages a global reservoir analog screening database combined with technical and economic modeling techniques to help ensure that the optimum revitalization strategy for the reservoir is achieved. In many cases, the proposed solutions may be technically interesting, but very expensive or operationally not feasible.

This paper explains how the proposed revitalization plans must be combined with a fully integrated end-to-end solution, from planning, design, and simulation to field implementation. Case studies are shared to demonstrate how this integrated approach, linking concept to implementation, can avoid expensive iterations and help to enable mature field production uplift.