bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Debriefing to improve interprofessional teamwork in the operating room: A systematic review
Authors: Skegg Emma , McElroy Canice , Mudgway Mercedes , Hamill James
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Debriefing has been pivotal in medical simulation training, but its application to the real‐world operating room environment has been challenging. We reviewed the literature on routine surgical debriefing with special reference to its implementation, barriers, and effectiveness.

Design

Descriptive systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.

Methods

Inclusion criteria were papers pertaining to debriefing in routine surgical practice. Excluded were papers reporting simulation training. We searched Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection, PsychINFO, Medline, Embase, and ProQuest Theses & Dissertations Global. The last search was performed on March 14, 2022. Quality was assessed on a 21‐point checklist adapted from a standard reporting guideline. Synthesis was descriptive.

Findings

The search process resulted in 19 papers. Publication dates ranged from 2007–2022. Study methods included surveys, interviews, and analysis of administrative data. Five papers involved a specific intervention. Quality scores ranged from 12–19 out of 21. On synthesis, we identified five topics: explanations of how debriefing had been implemented; the value of coaching and audit; the learning dimensions of debriefing, both team learning and quality improvement at the organizational level; the effect of debriefing on patient safety or the organization's culture; and barriers to debriefing.

Conclusions

Successful implementation programs were characterized by strong commitment from management and support by frontline workers. Integration with administrative quality and safety processes, and information feedback to frontline workers are fundamental to successful debriefing programs.

Clinical Relevance

Debriefing can improve teamwork, learning, and psychological safety but is difficult to practice in the operating room environment. It is relevant to review the benefits and barriers to debriefing, and to learn from the experience of others, in order to run better debriefing models in our own hospitals.
Mechanisms underlying sex bias in oral immune‐mediated conditions, an insight
Authors: Alrashdan Mohammad S. , Al‐Rawi Natheer H. , Hassona Yazan , Al Kawas Sausan , Cirillo Nicola
Published: July 2023

The predilection for women in systemic autoimmune diseases is well established. However, this sex bias in oral autoimmune diseases has been classically reported from an epidemiological perspective without any elaborate attempts to unveil the underlying mechanisms. The unique nature of the oral environment is likely to impose a combination of systemic and local factors that ultimately result in the sex bias in autoimmune diseases of the oral cavity. Variations of immune responses, target organ vulnerability, endocrine and genetic factors, sex chromosomes and modes of parental inheritance are potential systemic factors, while the oral microbiome, oral tolerance, saliva, and oral epithelial stem cells may account for local contributing factors. This review will discuss the preponderance of women in oral immune‐mediated diseases, the potential systemic and local mechanisms underlying this predominance and highlight the crucial need for further research in this area.
Digital workflow for duplication of gold onlay anatomy to monolithic zirconia onlay for a complete denture: A technique paper
Authors: Alfaifi Mohammed A. , Altoman Majed S. , Alqarni Hatem , Gadah Thuraya S. , Kattadiyil Mathew T.
Published: July 2023

Digital replication of an existing cast gold onlay anatomy to a more esthetic material for a new complete denture is challenging. A technique is presented that uses digital technology to fabricate a new maxillary complete denture with monolithic zirconia onlays that duplicate the anatomy of an existing complete denture with cast gold onlays.
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Well‐Being and HbA1c of People with Diabetes in Japan: A Structural Equation Model1
Authors: Huai‐Ching Liu I‐Ting , Uchida Yukiko , Joo Erina , Mano‐Usui Fumika , Okura Mizuyo , Chishima Yuta , Ikeda Kaori , Inagaki Nobuya
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate psychosocial factors (independent and interdependent self‐construal, emotional support) that may influence the health and well‐being of people with diabetes in an interdependent culture. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey on outpatients of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan (N = 180, age 22–88 years, M = 62.48 years), to examine their independent and interdependent self‐construal, perceived emotional support, and well‐being (interdependent happiness). HbA1c data was obtained from their recent health record via their endocrinologists. Correlation analyses and structural equation modeling (SEM) were conducted to examine the relation between these variables. Patients' well‐being correlated positively with age, independent self‐construal, perceived emotional support, and negatively with HbA1c levels, but did not correlate with interdependent self‐construal. SEM showed that, after controlling for age and gender, independence was related to perceived emotional support and well‐being, which were in turn related to lower HbA1c levels. Our research suggests that, for people with diabetes in Japan, independence rather than interdependence is associated with their psychological well‐being and health outcome.
Ultrasonographic measurement of caudal vena cava to aorta ratio during fluid resuscitation of dogs with spontaneous circulatory shock
Authors: Combet‐Curt J. , Pouzot‐Nevoret C. , Cambournac M. , Magnin M. , Nectoux A. , Bonnet‐Garin J. M. , Goy‐Thollot I. , Barthélemy A.
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To describe the change in the caudal vena cava to aorta ratio (CVC:Ao) ratio during fluid resuscitation of circulatory shock in dogs and compare these results with those of the physical examination and blood lactate.

Materials and Methods

Perfusion parameters and blood lactate were recorded at admission. An abdominal point‐of‐care ultrasound protocol was performed, during which the caudal vena cava to aorta ratio was measured on the spleno‐renal view. Measurements were performed within 5 minutes before and after a 10 mL/kg crystalloid fluid bolus. Investigators were not blinded to therapeutic interventions.

Results

Twenty‐nine dogs with physical signs of circulatory shock were enrolled. Caudal vena cava to aorta ratios were below reference interval in 28 of 29 dogs. After bolus administration, median caudal vena cava diameter increased by 0.14 cm (0.69 to 0.83 cm) and median aorta diameter increased by 0.03 cm (0.87 to 0.90 cm) and caudal vena cava to aorta ratio returned to within reference range in 65% of dogs (13/29). Bolus administration was associated with an increase in median caudal vena cava to aorta ratio of 0.10 (95% CI:0.05 to 0.16, P=0.0005). Blood lactate did not change significantly. Heart rate and capillary refill time decreased significantly after fluid bolus (heart rate: estimate=−19 bpm, 95% CI:−30 to −8, P=0.002; capillary refill time: estimate=−1.0 s, 95% CI:−1.3 to −0.7, P < 0.0001).

Clinical Significance

In this population of dogs with circulatory shock, the caudal vena cava to aorta ratio significantly increased after a fluid bolus. Future studies that implement blinding of the outcome assessors are warranted to confirm these findings.
Continuous positive airway pressure and adherence in patients with different endotypes of obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Cheng Wan‐Ju , Finnsson Eysteinn , Ágústsson Jón S. , Sands Scott A. , Hang Liang‐Wen
Published: July 2023

Determining the endotypes of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has potential implications for precision interventions. Here we assessed whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment outcomes differ across endotypic subgroups. We conducted a retrospective analysis of data obtained from 225 patients with moderate‐to‐severe OSA from a single sleep centre. Polysomnographic and CPAP titration study data were collected between May 2020 and January 2022. One‐month CPAP treatment adherence was followed. Obstructive sleep apnea endotypes, namely arousal threshold, collapsibility, loop gain, and upper airway gain were estimated from polysomnography and dichotomised as high versus low. We examined associations between endotypic subgroups and (1) optimal CPAP titration pressure, (2) CPAP‐related improvements in sleep architecture (proportions of slow‐wave and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep), and (3) CPAP adherence. We observed that patients with high collapsibility required a higher CPAP pressure than those with low collapsibility (∆ = 0.4 cmH2O, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3–1.7). A larger increase in slow‐wave sleep and in REM sleep proportions after CPAP treatment were observed in patients with a high arousal threshold, high collapsibility, high loop gain, or high upper airway gain than in those with low levels of endotypes. High loop gain and high collapsibility were independently associated with longer CPAP use hours per night (∆ = 0.6 h, 95% CI = 0.2–1.5 and ∆ = 0.3 h, 95% CI = 0.03–1.5, respectively). In conclusion, different endotypic subgroups of OSA exhibit a difference in outcomes of CPAP treatment. Knowledge of endotypes may help clinicians to understand which patients are expected to benefit most from CPAP therapy prior to its administration.
The NAFLD burden on mortality and morbidities in general population: A community‐based longitudinal study (NASH‐CO study)
Authors: Nabi Oumarou , Lapidus Nathanaël , Boursier Jerome , de Ledinghen Victor , Kab Sofiane , Renuy Adeline , Zins Marie , Serfaty Lawrence , Lacombe Karine
Published: July 2023

Background

The impact of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on morbidity and mortality has yet to be documented at the general population level. This study aimed to assess whether NAFLD was associated with morbidities and mortality and to estimate its impact on health status and mortality.

Methods

The study population consisted of 137 206 participants from Constances cohort. Non‐invasive diagnosis of NAFLD and advanced fibrosis was performed using the fatty liver index and Forns index, respectively. Constances data were linked to health care and hospitalization data to identify liver‐related events, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), extrahepatic cancers (EHC), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and all‐cause mortality.

Results

The prevalence of NAFLD was 18.3% in subjects without other chronic liver diseases, among whom 2.7% had fibrosis. NAFLD after IPTW‐weighted remained associated with an increased risk of death (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.01–1.57), hepatic‐related complications (HR 2.48, 95% CI 1.99–3.29), CVD (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.30–1.55), EHC (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.28) and CKD (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.53–2.07) compared to those without chronic liver diseases risk factors (Non‐NAFLD). In the trend analysis over the study period of inclusion and compared to Non‐NAFLD, NAFLD has shown a fastest growing cause of hepatic events (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.07–1.76 per year), CVD (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.12), CKD (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07–1.25), and death (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.39–1.50).

Conclusion

This large community‐based cohort showed that NAFLD was associated with excess morbidity and mortality and demonstrated a fastest‐growing trend.
Recurrent allopolyploidizations diversify ecophysiological traits in marsh orchids (Dactylorhiza majaliss.l.)
Authors: Wolfe Thomas M. , Balao Francisco , Trucchi Emiliano , Bachmann Gert , Gu Wenjia , Baar Juliane , Hedrén Mikael , Weckwerth Wolfram , Leitch Andrew R. , Paun Ovidiu
Published: July 2023

Whole‐genome duplication has shaped the evolution of angiosperms and other organisms, and is important for many crops. Structural reorganization of chromosomes and repatterning of gene expression are frequently observed in allopolyploids, with physiological and ecological consequences. Recurrent origins from different parental populations are widespread among polyploids, resulting in an array of lineages that provide excellent models to uncover mechanisms of adaptation to divergent environments in early phases of polyploid evolution. We integrate here transcriptomic and ecophysiological comparative studies to show that sibling allopolyploid marsh orchid species (Dactylorhiza, Orchidaceae) occur in different habitats (low nutrient fens vs. meadows with mesic soils) and are characterized by a complex suite of intertwined, pronounced ecophysiological differences between them. We uncover distinct features in leaf elemental chemistry, light‐harvesting, photoprotection, nutrient transport and stomata activity of the two sibling allopolyploids, which appear to match their specific ecologies, in particular soil chemistry differences at their native sites. We argue that the phenotypic divergence between the sibling allopolyploids has a clear genetic basis, generating ecological barriers that maintain distinct, independent lineages, despite pervasive interspecific gene flow. This suggests that recurrent origins of polyploids bring about a long‐term potential to trigger and maintain functional and ecological diversity in marsh orchids and other groups.
Relic DNA obscures DNA‐based profiling of multiple microbial taxonomic groups in a river‐reservoir ecosystem
Authors: Xue Yuanyuan , Abdullah Al Mamun , Chen Huihuang , Xiao Peng , Zhang Hongteng , Jeppesen Erik , Yang Jun
Published: July 2023

Numerous studies have investigated the spatiotemporal variability in water microbial communities, yet the effects of relic DNA on microbial community profiles, especially microeukaryotes, remain far from fully understood. Here, total and active bacterial and microeukaryotic community compositions were characterized using propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment coupled with high‐throughput sequencing in a river‐reservoir ecosystem. Beta diversity analysis showed a significant difference in community composition between both the PMA untreated and treated bacteria and microeukaryotes; however, the differentiating effect was much stronger for microeukaryotes. Relic DNA only resulted in underestimation of the relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Nitrospirota, while other bacterial taxa exhibited no significant changes. As for microeukaryotes, the relative abundances of some phytoplankton (e.g. Chlorophyta, Dinoflagellata and Ochrophyta) and fungi were greater after relic DNA removal, whereas Cercozoa and Ciliophora showed the opposite trend. Moreover, relic DNA removal weakened the size and complexity of cross‐trophic microbial networks and significantly changed the relationships between environmental factors and microeukaryotic community composition. However, there was no significant difference in the rates of temporal community turnover between the PMA untreated and treated samples for either bacteria or microeukaryotes. Overall, our results imply that the presence of relic DNA in waters can give misleading information of the active microbial community composition, co‐occurrence networks and their relationships with environmental conditions. More studies of the abundance, decay rate and functioning of nonviable DNA in freshwater ecosystems are highly recommended in the future.
Negative regulation of MurZ and MurA underlies the essentiality of GpsB‐ and StkP‐mediated protein phosphorylation in Streptococcus pneumoniaeD39
Authors: Tsui Ho‐Ching Tiffany , Joseph Merrin , Zheng Jiaqi J. , Perez Amilcar J. , Manzoor Irfan , Rued Britta E. , Richardson John D. , Branny Pavel , Doubravová Linda , Massidda Orietta , Winkler Malcolm E.
Published: July 2023

GpsB links peptidoglycan synthases to other proteins that determine the shape of the respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus; Spn) and other low‐GC Gram‐positive bacteria. GpsB is also required for phosphorylation of proteins by the essential StkP(Spn) Ser/Thr protein kinase. Here we report three classes of frequently arising chromosomal duplications (≈21–176 genes) containing murZ (MurZ‐family homolog of MurA) or murA that suppress ΔgpsB or ΔstkP. These duplications arose from three different repeated sequences and demonstrate the facility of pneumococcus to modulate gene dosage of numerous genes. Overproduction of MurZ or MurA alone or overproduction of MurZ caused by ΔkhpAB mutations suppressed ΔgpsB or ΔstkP phenotypes to varying extents. ΔgpsB and ΔstkP were also suppressed by MurZ amino‐acid changes distant from the active site, including one in commonly studied laboratory strains, and by truncation or deletion of the homolog of IreB(ReoM). Unlike in other Gram‐positive bacteria, MurZ is predominant to MurA in pneumococcal cells. However, ΔgpsB and ΔstkP were not suppressed by ΔclpCP, which did not alter MurZ or MurA amounts. These results support a model in which regulation of MurZ and MurA activity, likely by IreB(Spn), is the only essential requirement for StkP‐mediated protein phosphorylation in exponentially growing D39 pneumococcal cells.
Escherichia coliDNA repair helicase Lhr is also a uracil‐DNA glycosylase
Authors: Buckley Ryan J. , Lou‐Hing Anna , Hanson Karl M. , Ahmed Nadia R. , Cooper Christopher D. O. , Bolt Edward L.
Published: July 2023

DNA glycosylases protect genetic fidelity during DNA replication by removing potentially mutagenic chemically damaged DNA bases. Bacterial Lhr proteins are well‐characterized DNA repair helicases that are fused to additional 600–700 amino acids of unknown function, but with structural homology to SecB chaperones and AlkZ DNA glycosylases. Here, we identify that Escherichia coli Lhr is a uracil‐DNA glycosylase (UDG) that depends on an active site aspartic acid residue. We show that the Lhr DNA helicase activity is functionally independent of the UDG activity, but that the helicase domains are required for fully active UDG activity. Consistent with UDG activity, deletion of lhr from the E. coli chromosome sensitized cells to oxidative stress that triggers cytosine deamination to uracil. The ability of Lhr to translocate single‐stranded DNA and remove uracil bases suggests a surveillance role to seek and remove potentially mutagenic base changes during replication stress.
A perspective on cross‐kingdom RNA interference in mutualistic symbioses
Authors: Qiao Serena A. , Gao Zongyu , Roth Ronelle
Published: July 2023

RNA interference (RNAi) is arguably one of the more versatile mechanisms in cell biology, facilitating the fine regulation of gene expression and protection against mobile genomic elements, whilst also constituting a key aspect of induced plant immunity. More recently, the use of this mechanism to regulate gene expression in heterospecific partners – cross‐kingdom RNAi (ckRNAi) – has been shown to form a critical part of bidirectional interactions between hosts and endosymbionts, regulating the interplay between microbial infection mechanisms and host immunity. Here, we review the current understanding of ckRNAi as it relates to interactions between plants and their pathogenic and mutualistic endosymbionts, with particular emphasis on evidence in support of ckRNAi in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
Maternal obesity: A potential disruptor of female fertility and current interventions to reduce associated risks
Authors: Muhammad Tahir , Wan Yanling , Lv Yue , Li Hanzhen , Naushad Wasifa , Chan Wai‐Yee , Lu Gang , Chen Zi‐Jiang , Liu Hongbin
Published: July 2023

Currently, obesity has achieved epidemic levels in reproductive‐aged women with a myriad of consequences. Obesity is susceptible to several reproductive complications that eventually affect fertility rates. These complications originate from the deteriorated quality of oocytes from mothers with obesity, which increases the probability of chromosomal aneuploidy, elevated reactive oxygen species production, compromised embryonic developmental competency, and eventually reduced fertility. Maternal obesity is linked to pregnancy complications such as implantation error, abortion, miscarriage, and early pregnancy loss. This review highlights the adverse effects of maternal obesity on female fertility, with a focus on the mechanistic link between maternal obesity and oocyte quality and discusses possible measures to reduce its associated risks.
Craniofacial anomalies in a murine model of heterozygous fibroblast growth factor 10 gene mutation
Authors: Tan Jenny , Jones Matthew L. M. , Teague Warwick J. , Ranjitkar Sarbin , Anderson Peter J.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Dysregulation of Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 (FGF10), a member of the family of Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) proteins, has been implicated in craniofacial and dental anomalies, including craniosynostosis, cleft palate, and Lacrimo‐Auriculo‐Dento‐Digital Syndrome. The aim of this murine study was to assess the craniofacial and dental phenotypes associated with a heterozygous FGF10 gene (FGF10+/−) mutation at skeletal maturity.

Methods

Skulls of 40 skeletally mature mice, comprising two genotypes (heterozygous FGF10+/− mutation, n = 22; wildtype, n = 18) and two sexes (male, n = 23; female, n = 17), were subjected to micro‐computed tomography. Landmark‐based linear dimensions were measured for the cranial vault, maxilla, mandible, and first molar teeth. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed to assess whether there were significant differences in the craniofacial and dental structures between genotypes and sexes.

Results

The craniomaxillary skeleton and the first molar teeth were smaller in the FGF10+/− mice (P < .05), but the mandible was unaffected. Sex did not have a significant effect on these structures (P > .05). Cranial sutural defects were noted in 5/22 (22.7%) mutant versus 2/18 (11.1%) wildtype mice, and cleft palate in only one (4.5%) mutant mouse. None of the mice displayed craniosynostosis, expansive bony lesions, bifid condyles, or impacted teeth.

Conclusion

The FGF10+/− mutation was associated with craniomaxillary skeletal hypoplasia that probably arose from deficient (delayed) intramembranous ossification of the sutured bones. Overall, the skeletal and dental data suggest that the FGF10 gene plays an important role in the aetiology of craniofacial dysmorphology and malocclusion.
Clinical and immunological characteristics of 69 leukocyte adhesion deficiency‐I patients
Authors: Fazlollahi Mohammad Reza , Hamidieh Amir Ali , Moradi Leila , Shokouhi Shoormati Raheleh , Sabetkish Nastaran , Esmaeili Behnaz , Badalzadeh Mohsen , Alizadeh Zahra , Shamlou Somayeh , Movahedi Masoud , Mahloujirad Maryam , Razaghian Anahita , Arshi Saba , Gharagozlou Mohammad , Kalantari Arash , Bemanian Mohammad Hassan , Safari Mojgan , Heidarzadeh Arani Marzieh , Nabavi Mohammad , Parvaneh Nima , Sadeghi‐Shabestari Mahnaz , Behfar Maryam , Behniafard Nasrin , Sherkat Roya , Ahmadian Heris Javad , Shariat Mansoureh , Radmehr Roshanak , Houshmand Massoud , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan , Molitor Anne , Carapito Raphael , Bahram Seiamak , Pourpak Zahra , Moin Mostafa
Published: July 2023

Background

In order to support the comprehensive classification of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency‐I (LAD‐I) severity by simultaneous screening of CD11a/CD18, this study assessed clinical, laboratory, and genetic findings along with outcomes of 69 LAD‐I patients during the last 15 years.

Methods

Sixty‐nine patients (40 females and 29 males) with a clinical phenotype suspected of LAD‐I were referred to Immunology, Asthma, and Allergy research institute, Tehran, Iran between 2007 and 2022 for further advanced immunological screening and genetic evaluations as well as treatment, were enrolled in this study.

Results

The diagnosis median age of the patients was 6 months. Delayed umbilical cord separation was found in 25 patients (36.2%). The median diagnostic delay time was 4 months (min–max: 0–82 months). Forty‐six patients (66.7%) were categorized as severe (CD18 and/or CD11a: below 2%); while 23 children (33.3%) were in moderate category (CD18 and/or CD11a: 2%–30%). During the follow‐ups, 55.1% of children were alive with a mortality rate of 44.9%. Skin ulcers (75.4%), omphalitis (65.2%), and gingivitis (37.7%) were the most frequent complaints. Genetic analysis of the patients revealed 14 previously reported and three novel pathogenic mutations in the ITGB2 gene. The overall survival of patients with and without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 79.3% and 55.6%, respectively.

Conclusion

Physicians' awareness of LAD‐I considering delayed separation of umbilical cord marked neutrophilic leukocytosis, and variability in CD11 and CD18 expression levels, and genetic analysis leads to early diagnosis and defining disease severity. Moreover, the prenatal diagnosis would benefit families with a history of LAD‐I.
Why Chile “Woke Up.” Antecedents of the Formation of Prochange Group Consciousness Promoting Collective Action
Authors: Hechler Stefanie , Chayinska Maria , Wekenborg Clara Sophie , Moraga‐Villablanca Felipe , Kessler Thomas , McGarty Craig
Published: July 2023

In October 2019, student protests in Chile quickly expanded into a mobilization of more than three million citizens, who protested for nearly a year and successfully brought about sociopolitical change. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the social‐psychological processes behind the Chile despertó, we analyze the protests using the group‐consciousness model. The model assumes that collective action is fuelled by a sense of belonging to a group formed around the unifying idea of sociopolitical change through a new constitution, anger at the current status quo, and a belief that protesters can work together to effect the desired change. Data from over 700 Chileans collected in May 2020 indicate that (1) group consciousness is an important construct related to participation in collection action, (2) the main predictors of the group consciousness of Chile despertó are perceived social inequality and unfairness of authorities, and (3) family support and left‐wing ideology are positively related to participation in collection action, which are partially mediated by group consciousness. Thus, the current study highlights unique factors that contributed to the Chile despertó and highlights the commonalities of key social‐psychological processes in collective action.
Seeing Green: Lifecycles of an Arctic Agricultural Frontier☆
Authors: Price Mindy Jewell
Published: July 2023

Imaginaries of empty, verdant lands have long motivated agricultural frontier expansion. Today, climate change, food insecurity, and economic promise are invigorating new agricultural frontiers across the circumpolar north. In this article, I draw on extensive archival and ethnographic evidence to analyze mid‐twentieth‐century and recent twenty‐first‐century narratives of agricultural development in the Northwest Territories, Canada. I argue that the early frontier imaginary is relatively intact in its present lifecycle. It is not simply climactic forces that are driving an emergent northern agricultural frontier, but rather the more diffuse and structural forces of capitalism, governmental power, settler colonialism, and resistance to those forces. I also show how social, political, and infrastructural limits continue to impede agricultural development in the Northwest Territories and discuss how smallholder farmers and Indigenous communities differently situate agricultural production within their local food systems. This paper contributes to critical debates in frontiers and northern agriculture literature by foregrounding the contested space between the state‐driven and dominant public narratives underpinning frontier imaginaries, and the social, cultural, and material realities that constrain them on a Northwest Territories agricultural frontier.
Migration Across Metro‐Nonmetro Boundaries and Hourly Wages☆
Authors: Li Xiao , MacLean Alair
Published: July 2023

Previous scholars have demonstrated that nonmetro residents who move to metro areas earn higher wages. It remains an open question whether this metro wage advantage persists in the contemporary era, and how migrating influences young adults from metro areas. Migrants may earn higher wages due to higher education. Alternatively, they may earn lower wages because they lack social capital. They may experience different associations of migration and wages when growing up in nonmetro versus metro areas due to different family backgrounds, education, and community contexts. This article uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 97 and multilevel/mixed‐effects models to test these competing predictions. The findings show that young adults earned higher wages if they worked in metro rather than in nonmetro areas, regardless of migration, confirming a metro wage advantage. People who left nonmetro areas earned higher wages than if they stayed, consistent with a “rural brain drain.” In addition, people earned similar wages if they stayed in, returned, and moved from metro to nonmetro areas, even though migrants and returnees had higher average education. The non‐significant wage differences may be due to the less diverse wage structure in nonmetro labor markets and in‐migrants' lack of social capital.
Vitamin D deficiency contributes to overtraining syndrome in excessive trained C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Talvas J. , Norgieux C. , Burban E. , Giraudet C. , Patrac V. , Salles J. , Rigaudière J.‐P. , Capel F. , le Bacquer O. , Ouchchane L. , Richard R. , Walrand S.
Published: July 2023

Overtraining syndrome is a condition resulting from excessive training load associated with inadequate recovery and poor sleep quality, leading to performance decrements and fatigue. Here we hypothesized that vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is a lead factor in the development of the overtraining syndrome. To test this hypothesis, two groups of 60‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice followed a 16‐week excessive eccentric‐based overtraining by excessive downhill running with or without dietary VitD depletion (EX and EX‐D− groups). Two control groups were trained by uphill running at the same load with or without VitD depletion (CX and CX‐D− groups). Handgrip strength decreased throughout the protocol for all groups but the decrease was sharper in EX‐D− group (VitD × training, p = 0.0427). At the end of the protocol, the mass of Triceps brachii muscle, which is heavily stressed by eccentric contractions, was reduced in eccentric‐trained groups (training effect, p = 0.0107). This atrophy was associated with a lower concentration of the anabolic myokine IL‐15 (training effect, p = 0.0314) and a tendency to a higher expression of the atrogene cathepsin‐L (training effect, p = 0.0628). VitD depletion led to a 50% decrease of the fractional protein synthesis rate in this muscle (VitD effect, p = 0.0004) as well as decreased FGF21 (VitD effect, p = 0.0351) and increased osteocrin (VitD effect, p = 0.038) concentrations that would lead to metabolic defects. Moreover, the proportion of anti‐inflammatory Th2 lymphocytes was significantly decreased by the combination of eccentric training with VitD depletion (vitD × training, p = 0.0249) suggesting a systemic inflammation. Finally, exploratory behavior time of mice was decreased by VitD depletion (VitD effect, p = 0.0146) suggesting a cognitive dysfunction. Our results suggest that VitD deficiency exacerbates the effects of overtraining.
Early evolution of the megadiverse subtribe Philonthina (Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini) and its Neotropical lineage
Authors: Ramírez‐Salamanca José M. , Cornejo Paula , Chani‐Posse Mariana R.
Published: July 2023

Philonthina (2864 species in 74 genera) represents almost one‐half of the diversity of Staphylinini and is the largest of its subtribes. Most Philonthina species are found in tropical areas, but the origin of this diversity is still not well understood, mainly because their systematics belongs to a past era of taxonomy. Such is the case of a group of genera, most of them endemic to the Neotropical region (NT), whose monophyly has been repeatedly confirmed and which constitutes the so‐called Neotropical lineage (NL). However, basal relationships have not been clarified, neither for Philonthina nor its NL. The NL includes ∼300 species and 26 genera, but two of them (Belonuchus Nordmann and Paederomimus Sharp) account for two‐thirds of its species. Here, using the largest molecular‐based phylogeny of Philonthina and its NL to date, a time‐calibrated phylogeny, and ancestral range reconstructions for the NL, we explore the evolutionary history of Philonthina with a focus on its NL to reveal their early evolution and diversification in the NT. We show that Philonthina originated during the Late Cretaceous ∼ 67.6 Ma and diversified into five main lineages mostly during the Eocene. The NL originated in northwestern South America (SA) and the Andes not earlier than 64.2 Ma from a Laurasian lineage present in SA ∼49.1–69.9 Ma. Shortly afterward, that is, 39.9–56.9 Ma, the NL diversified into the Andean clade and the most species‐rich Belonuchus‐Paederomimus group. Our analyses recover northwestern SA and the Andes as the primary centers of diversification. Dispersal events to the northern landmasses took place at least three times during the Miocene in the early evolution of the NL.
Dennett’s prime‐mammal objection to the consequence argument
Authors: Gustafsson Johan E.
Published: July 2023

The Consequence Argument is the classic argument for the incompatibility of determinism and our ability to do otherwise. Daniel C. Dennett objects that the Consequence Argument suffers from the same error as a clearly unconvincing argument that there are no mammals. In this paper, I argue that these arguments do not suffer from the same error. The argument that there are no mammals is unconvincing as it takes the form of a sorites, whereas the Consequence Argument does not. Accordingly, Dennett's objection misses its mark.
The effect of ferritin‐guided iron supplementation among Danish female first‐time blood donors
Authors: Drechsler Louise Ørnskov , Boldsen Jens Kjærgaard , Hindhede Lotte , Aagaard Bitten , Harritshøj Lene Holm , Mikkelsen Christina , Brodersen Thorsten , Brøns Nanna , Schwinn Michael , Hjalgrim Henrik , Rostgaard Klaus , Topholm Bruun Mie , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Pedersen Ole Birger , Mikkelsen Susan , Erikstrup Christian
Published: July 2023

Background

The identification of blood donors at risk of developing low hemoglobin (Hb) and subsequent intervention is expected to reduce donation‐induced iron deficiency and low Hb among blood donors. This study explores the effects of ferritin‐guided iron supplementation for female first‐time donors implemented in four of five administrative regions in Denmark.

Study Design and Methods

We included 45,919 female first‐time donors in this study. Hb values were determined in donations of included donors during a 2‐year follow‐up period. For each region, an intervention group (after implementation) and a control group (before implementation) were defined. The primary outcome was Hb below the donation threshold (7.8 mmol/L ~ 12.5 g/dL) at the time of donation, in the control group, and the intervention group, using logistic regression. The secondary outcome was the number of donations per donor given during the follow‐up period.

Results

We observed a statistically significant decrease in the risk of female first‐time donors experiencing a donation with low Hb after ferritin‐guided iron supplementation was introduced: Odds ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.71–0.95. We found a statistically significant increase in the number of donations per donor during the follow‐up period after intervention; rate ratio: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08.

Discussion

Ferritin‐guided iron supplementation led to a significant reduction in the occurrence of low hemoglobin (Hb) levels among Danish female first‐time blood donors. The intervention was additionally associated with an increase in the number of donations per donor.
Increased frequency of false‐positive bacterial detection after implementation of new guidelines for large‐volume delayed sampling of platelets
Authors: Al‐Ghafry Maha , Senaldi Eric
Published: July 2023

Background

The updated guidance for improving bacterial detection (BD) of platelets has included the implementation of large‐volume delayed sampling (LVDS) with the addition of anaerobic culture bottles (BPNs) and sampling of each platelet split product.

Methods

The frequency of BD was reviewed during this LVDS time period in comparison with pre‐LVDS and the Post‐Approval Surveillance Study of Platelet Outcomes, Release Tested (PASSPORT) study (when BPNs were last used).

Results

There was more than a twofold increase in bottles inoculated per collection during LVDS, with an almost fivefold increase in sample volume collected. During LVDS, the concordance of split products within an initial reactive collection was only 8.7%. There was no difference in LVDS aerobic culture bottle (BPA) true positives (TPs), but there was a significant increase in LVDS false positives (FPs), p < .0001, compared to both PASSPORT and pre‐LVDS, respectively. There was an increase in BPN TPs during LVDS (p < .05 compared to PASSPORT), with predominance of Cutibacter acnes (C. acnes), noted exclusively in BPN, and accounting for more than two‐fifths of all organisms detected. Time to alarm during LVDS for TPs had two peaks with one due to C. acnes at 96 h compared to 17 h for non‐C. acnes.

Discussion

The high FP frequency, along with low clinical significance of TPs found in BPNs, has led to the needless discard of inventory, as the utility of BPNs in BD for platelets is yet to be established and may require much larger studies.
Phylogeny of the tribe Riorajini with comments on the morphological character evolution within Rajiformes (Chondrichthyes, Batoidea)
Authors: Soares Karla D. A. , Moreira Renan A. , Gomes Ulisses L.
Published: July 2023

The tribe Riorajini is composed of four species,Rioraja agassizii,Atlantoraja castelnaui,A. cyclophoraandA. platana, which are endemic to the inshore waters of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Previous studies have hypothesized the monophyly of this group but interrelationships within its members remain not fully understood. In this study, we analysed quantitative as well as qualitative morphological characters related to external morphology, squamation, neurocranium, visceral arches, pectoral and pelvic girdles and claspers, totalizing 82 characters, representing a greater number than previously used in studies focused on rajiform systematics. 24 terminal taxa were included, and two different analyses were carried out testingNarcine brasiliensisandPseudobatos horkeliias roots of the cladogram. The monophyly of Riorajini is supported by five quantitative and three discrete characters, including a caudal length smaller than disc length, sensory pores and mucous canals darkly pigmented on ventral surface of disc, and preorbital flange present. Clasper morphology was phylogenetically informative since it contributes to diagnoseRiorajain which an accessory terminal 2 cartilage is absent and to support a sister relationship betweenA. cyclophora + A. platana. Squamation, teeth and neurocranial morphology need to be thoroughly investigated in order to revise their terminology, propose and test hypotheses of homology and improve our knowledge on morphological variation regarding ontogeny and sexual dimorphism.
Ranked by Truth Metrics: A New Communication Method Approach, on Crowd-Sourced Fact-Checking Platforms for Journalistic and Social Media Content
Authors: Lamprou Evangelos , Antonopoulos Nikos
Published: July 2023

Fake news, misinformation, and non-true stories create a definite threat to the world's public sphere. Fake news contaminates democracy by blurring the sight and the vision, or by altering the beliefs of citizens on simple everyday matters but also on significant matters such as vaccination, politics, social issues, or public health. Lots of efforts have been conducted in order to tackle the phenomenon. Fact-checking platforms consist of a major step in this issue. Certain cases of fact-checking platforms worldwide seem to work properly and fulfill their strategic goals, although functional and other issues might emerge. This study comes to take the fact-checking platform evolution one step beyond by proposing a new communication model for fake news detection and busting. The proposed model's blueprint is based on the Greek "Ellinika Hoaxes" fact-checking platform with some critical reinforcements: More extensive use of crowdsourcing strategies for detecting and busting non-true stories with the aid of AI chatbots in order not only to bust non-true stories but also to rank news outlets, writers, social media personas and journalists for their credibility. This way, serious news outlets, journalists, and media professionals can build their trust and be ranked for the credibility of their services for a more trustful and democratic public sphere.
Low‐dimensional linear representations of mapping class groups
Authors: Korkmaz Mustafa
Published: July 2023

Let be a compact orientable surface of genus with marked points in the interior. Franks–Handel (Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 141 (2013) 2951–2962)  proved that if then the image of a homomorphism from the mapping class group of to is trivial if and is finite cyclic if . The first result is our own proof of this fact. Our second main result shows that for up to conjugation there are only two homomorphisms from to : the trivial homomorphism and the standard symplectic representation. Our last main result shows that the mapping class group has no faithful linear representation in dimensions less than or equal to . We provide many applications of our results, including the finiteness of homomorphisms from mapping class groups of nonorientable surfaces to , the triviality of homomorphisms from the mapping class groups to or to , and homomorphisms between mapping class groups. We also show that if the surface has marked point but no boundary components, then is generated by involutions if and only if and .
The strong decay of higher vector $$\Upsilon$$(11020) state in the framework of non-relativistic quark model
Authors: Hapareer Moustafa Ismail , Allosh M. , Hassan G. S. , Shalaby Asmaa G. , Yasser A. M.
Published: July 2023

An analytical study of a source of Beauty mesons (B mesons) by the Strong decay of $$\Upsilon$$
Υ
(11020) is performed to obtain various modes of B mesons. The non-relativistic quark model framework is used to predict the masses of the bottomonium mesons. The strong decay of the $$\Upsilon$$
Υ
(11020) state is calculated utilizing Quark Pair Creation model. In addition, the branching ratio of the strong decay has been calculated for each decay width and using them to estimate the number of B-meson pairs for each strong decay width. The results show reasonable agreement with recent Particle Data Group data, in particular with the total strong decay width of $$\Upsilon$$
Υ
(11020). The $$\Upsilon$$
Υ
(11020) particle is expected to be a good candidate for the conventional $$\Upsilon$$
Υ
(6S) state and provides both types of strange and non-strange B mesons. We found new conclusions for the strong decay widths of the $$\Upsilon$$
Υ
(11020) in the relativistic phase space. The strong width of the $$B^{*}B^{*}$$

B

∗

B

∗

channel is predicted to be the highest width by the ratio ($$\cong 51\%$$

≅
51
%

) concerning higher vector $$\Upsilon$$
Υ
(11020) State. In addition, the specific $$B_{s}B_{s}^{*}$$

B
s

B

s

∗

channel is expected to be the highest width relative to higher $$\Upsilon$$
Υ
resonances.
Inputs, Outputs, and Composition in the Logic of Information Flows
Authors: Aamer Heba , Bogaerts Bart , Surinx Dimitri , Ternovska Eugenia , Van den Bussche Jan
Published: July 2023

The logic of information flows (LIF) is a general framework in which tasks of a procedural nature can be modeled in a declarative, logic-based fashion. The first contribution of this article is to propose semantic and syntactic definitions of inputs and outputs of LIF expressions. We study how the two relate and show that our syntactic definition is optimal in a sense that is made precise. The second contribution is a systematic study of the expressive power of sequential composition in LIF. Our results on composition tie in the results on inputs and outputs and relate LIF to first-order logic (FO) and bounded-variable LIF to bounded- variable FO.

This article is the extended version of a paper presented at KR 2020 [
2
].
Same or Different? Diff-Vectors for Authorship Analysis
Authors: Corbara Silvia , Moreo Alejandro , Sebastiani Fabrizio
Published: July 2023

In this article, we investigate the effects on authorship identification tasks (including authorship verification, closed-set authorship attribution, and closed-set and open-set same-author verification) of a fundamental shift in how to conceive the vectorial representations of documents that are given as input to a supervised learner. In “classic” authorship analysis, a feature vector represents a document, the value of a feature represents (an increasing function of) the relative frequency of the feature in the document, and the class label represents the author of the document. We instead investigate the situation in which a feature vector represents an unorderedpairof documents, the value of a feature represents the absolute difference in the relative frequencies (or increasing functions thereof) of the feature in the two documents, and the class label indicates whether the two documents are from the same author or not. This latter (learner-independent) type of representation has been occasionally used before, but has never been studied systematically. We argue that it is advantageous, and that, in some cases (e.g., authorship verification), it provides a much larger quantity of information to the training process than the standard representation. The experiments that we carry out on several publicly available datasets (among which one that we here make available for the first time) show that feature vectors representing pairs of documents (that we here callDiff-Vectors) bring about systematic improvements in the effectiveness of authorship identification tasks, and especially so when training data are scarce (as it is often the case in real-life authorship identification scenarios). Our experiments tackle same-author verification, authorship verification, and closed-set authorship attribution; while DVs are naturally geared for solving the 1st, we also provide two novel methods for solving the 2nd and 3rd that use a solver for the 1st as a building block. The code to reproduce our experiments is open-source and available online.1
EcoSanté
Lifestyle Intervention: Encourage Reflections on the Connections between Health and Environment
Authors: Kuo Pei-Yi (Patricia) , Horn Michael S.
Published: July 2023

EcoSanté
is a mobile lifestyle intervention that encourages individual behavior change while also helping participants understand the deep connections between daily lifestyle choices and our collective impact on the planet. Informed by research on “small” intervention approaches, we sent participants daily behavioral challenges that demonstrated connections between personal health and environmental impact at large. Through a 20-day mobile intervention study, 139 participants uploaded 1,920 submissions documenting their attempts to engage in these challenges. We found that participants’ self-reported healthy eating behavior and general self-efficacy improved significantly immediately after the intervention. Moreover, 30 days after the intervention, participants’ self-reported eating, exercise, and general self-efficacy all significantly improved compared to the beginning of the study. Participants had a more negative reaction when being asked to come up with their own challenges. Based on quantitative and qualitative findings, we provide implications for future researcher on mobile behavior intervention research.