bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEY INSIGHTS AND LESSONS LEARNED SINCE THE INCEPTION OF THE SWEDISH PSYCHOLOGICAL AGENCY
Authors: Hjort Magnus
Published: February 2025

On November 20, 2024, Director General Dr. Magnus Hjort presented Key Insights and Lessons Learned Since the Inception of the Swedish Psychological Defence Agency for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed in Dr. Hjort’s presentation included the current threat landscape from Sweden’s perspective, the objectives of the agency, the space the agency occupies within Sweden’s larger defence apparatus, and lastly, recommendations for the future of psychological defence.
Received: 12-22-2024
Revised: 01-16-2025
CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON IDENTITY AND DISINFORMATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Authors: Jackson Dean
Published: February 2025

On November 18, 2024, Mr. Dean Jackson presented Critical Perspectives on Identity and Disinformation in the Digital Age for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed included the three eras of study and response, approaches and limitations in confronting disinformation, and implications for future research and response.
Received: 01-26-2024
Revised: 01-24-2025
THE EVOLVE PROGRAM: A PSYCHO-SOCIAL INTERVENTION PROGRAM FOR TARGETED VIOLENCE
Authors: King Michael
Published: February 2025

On November 19, 2024, Dr. Michael King presented The Evolve Program: A Psycho-Social Intervention Program for Targeted Violence for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The key points discussed were the positive impact that providing psychosocial support had on reducing extremist beliefs in participants, the importance of building a trusting relationship with participants, and that the program is available for free to anyone needing assistance in Alberta, Saskatchewan, or Manitoba.
Received: 12-29-2024
Revised: 01-27-2025
CANADIAN DEFENCE POLICY IN THE 21ST CENTURY: AN ASSESSMENT OF CAPABILITIES AND COMMITMENTS
Authors: Lagasse Philippe
Published: February 2025

On November 20, 2024, Dr. Philippe Lagassé presented Canadian Defence Policy in the 21st Century: An Assessment of Capabilities and Commitments for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed addressed the state of Canadian defence, focusing on current challenges, future prospects, and lingering issues in the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF).
Received: 12-17-2024
Revised: 01-27-2025
THE CANADA-UNITED STATES OPEN BORDER PARADOX
Authors: Leuprecht Christian
Published: February 2025

On November 18th, 2024, Dr. Christian Leuprecht presented The Canada-United States Open Border Paradox for this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were cross-border cooperation, the importance of Canada playing a proactive role in its border security, and emerging challenges with the changing nature of borders.
Received: 12-27-2024
Revised: 01-30-2025
INTERAGENCY COLLABORATION AND SECURITY CHALLENGES
Authors: Maure Ben
Published: February 2025

On November 19th, 2024, Superintendent Ben Maure presented Interagency Collaboration in Security and Policing at this year’s West Coast Security Conference. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were Supt. Maure's work on international child exploitation, the security and legitimacy gaps in Haiti, and the need for better interagency cooperation and information sharing in Canada.
Received: 12-23-2024
Revised: 01-30-2025
The state of the immunophenotype of blood lymphocytes in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in the post-COVID period
Authors: Popova V.V. , Het’man N.V. , Labanets Ya.I. , Kulikovska H.V. , Lavrinenko O.E. , Furmanova O.V. , Kovzun O.I. , Tronko M.D.
Published: February 2025

Background. Today, the indicators of the subpopulation blood composition are one of the key characteristics of immune function. These parameters are of particular importance in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the post-COVID period. However, research data on the state of the lymphocyte immunophenotype in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM with different body mass index (BMI) in the post-COVID period are extremely scarce and controversial. Aim of the study: to determine the lymphocyte immunophenotype (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ and CD56+ T cells) in the blood of patients with newly diagnosed T2DM with different BMI in the post-COVID period. Materials and methods. The study involved 98 individuals with the onset of T2DM that occurred within 3 months after COVID-19, with different BMI, and 94 patients with the onset of T2DM in the pre-pandemic period and with different BMI. The comparison groups consisted of 93 normoglycemic people who have suffered coronavirus disease, with different BMI, and 88 normoglycemic people with different BMI without COVID history. The examined subjects were divided into 4 subgroups depending on BMI: 1) < 25.5 kg/m2; 2) 25.9–29.9 kg/m2; 3) 30.0–34.9 kg/m2; 4) > 35.0 kg/m2. The lymphocyte immunophenotype in the blood was determined by flow cytometry using a FACStar plus laser cytofluorimeter and a panel of monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte membrane antigens. Results. Patients with TD2M in the post-COVID period were characterized by a significant decrease in the absolute number of all lymphocyte subpopulations compared to pre-COVID patients and normoglycemic people before and after COVID. When distributing patients into 4 subgroups according to BMI, a progressive decrease in CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+ and CD56+ T cells was revealed compared to those with newly diagnosed T2D before COVID-19, in whom, on the contrary, a progressive increase in all lymphocyte subpopulations was noted. A similar increase in the absolute number of CD4+ T cells depending on BMI was also noted in normoglycemic individuals, but it was less pronounced. Conclusions. Patients with newly diagnosed T2DM in the post-COVID period were characterized by a decrease in the number of all lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood, which is most pronounced in concomitant obesity. It indicates the immunosuppressive effect of coronavirus disease on the state of the immune system in patients with the onset of T2DM in post-COVID period and with different BMI.
Pubertal hypothalamic dysfunction: epidemiology, risk factors, features of the clinical course and consequences of pathology in adults
Authors: Lembryk I.S. , Kostitska I.O. , Zhyliak O.V. , Saretsian E.A. , Kulynych D.O. , Shelever S.A. , Khruniak Yu.T.
Published: February 2025

Background. Pubertal hypothalamic dysfunction is a common endocrine metabolic disease that accompanies the formation of sexual function, becomes a background or cause for the development of somatic pathology with consequences in adulthood. Aim: to study the epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical features of hypothalamic dysfunction and consequences of this pathology in adults. Materials and methods. We analyzed 701 scientific papers in Latin script according to the PubMed scientometric search engine and 82 sources in Cyrillic over the past 10 years. A retrospective analysis of medical records and treatment outcomes of adolescents (n = 130; 88 (67.7 %) boys and 42 (32.3 %) girls, mean age 15.10 ± 1.03 years) with pubertal hypothalamic dysfunction was performed. The consequences of pubertal hypothalamic dysfunction were stu­died in adult patients (n = 40 patients: 28 (70.0 %) men and 12 (30.0 %) women, mean age 18.10 ± 0.03 years) who received medical care at the clinical bases of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University from January 2014 to December 2024. Results. Among the risk factors for hypothalamic pubertal syndrome in children of the Carpathian region, stress (90.0 %) and chronic infections of the ear, nose, and throat (83.0 %) prevail. The most common clinical forms of the disease are vegetative-vascular (32.0 %) and mixed (44.0 %). The main symptoms include: headache (100.0 %), overweight (98.0 %) and dizziness (95.0 %). In patients over the age of 18, prognostically unfavorable factors were identified, including eating disorders, in particular, night eating syndrome (20.0 %), accompanied by overweight (12.5 %) or obesity (87.5 %), as well as carbohydrate metabolism disorders (prediabetes in 7.5 % of subjects, type 2 diabetes in 5.0 %). A particular danger is the development of morbid obesity, which was found in 30.0 % of adult patients with hypothalamic dysfunction. Conclusions. A personalized approach to the early diagnosis and management of patients with hypothalamic dysfunction allows to improve therapeutic algorithms and increase the effectiveness of treatment of comorbid pathology in young patients.
Vitamin B6, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Serhiyenko A.A. , Dolinay T.T. , Sehin V.B. , Serhiyenkо V.A.
Published: February 2025

Vitamin B6 is a broad term for six water-soluble vitamins that can change forms. These include pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, and their 5-phosphorylated forms, which are pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxine 5’-phosphate, and pyridoxamine 5’-phosphate. PLP is the biologically active form of vitamin B6. It works as a coenzyme in many enzymatic processes that speed up the body’s most important metabolic reactions, including the synthesis, conversion and degradation of amines and amino acids, the supply of one-carbon units, transsulfuration, the synthesis of tetrapyrrole compounds and polyamines. PLP also has a big impact on the metabolism of homocysteine and the biosynthesis of different neurotransmitters. It inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species and advanced glycation end products, which are genotoxic compounds linked to aging and diabetes mellitus (DM), so it works as an antioxidant. In addition, PLP functions as a modulator of transcription factors, affects the activity of a number of enzymes, and can bind to steroid hormone receptors, playing a role in membrane transport. Researchers have reported that patients with type 2 DM and cardiovascular disease (CVD) exhibit lower levels of vitamin B6, whereas taking vitamin B6 supplements lowers the risk of diabetes and its vascular complications. We still don’t fully understand the mechanisms underlying the relationship between vitamin B6 and DM. Instead, a growing body of evidence suggests that vitamin B6 may protect against diabetes complications through its role as a scavenger of reactive oxygen species. Vitamin B6 deficiency has been linked to a number of clinically significant diseases, including autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, Down syndrome, DM, and cancer, although the underlying processes remain largely unclear. The purpose of this review was to discuss the role and specifics of the relationship between vitamin B6 and CVD and diabetes mellitus, as well as to analyze new trends and directions for future research. The analysis focused on the biological role of vitamin B6, tryptophan metabolism, and the correlation between vitamin B6, CVD, diabetes, and DNA damage in diabetes. The search was conducted in Scopus, Science Direct (from Elsevier) and PubMed, including MEDLINE databases. The keywords used were “vitamin B6”, “cardiovascular disease”, and “diabetes mellitus”. A manual search of the bibliography of publications was used to identify study results that could not be found during the online search.
Tool for acute kidney injury prediction in hospitalised patients with COVID-19
Authors: Antonyuk O.Ya.
Published: February 2025

Background. The study focuses on acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. AKI is a significant medical issue often linked to severe conditions like pneumonia and sepsis. Understanding the predictors of AKI in COVID-19 is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Materials and methods. In Kyiv, a retrospective, case-control study was conducted at the KAPITAL Ltd. (Medical Centre “Universal Clinic “Oberig”). The study included 129 patients hospitalised with moderate to severe COVID-19 from 2020 to 2021. They were divided into those who developed AKI (n = 19) and those who did not (n = 110). We used various statistical logistic regression models to predict AKI. Results. Significant predictors of AKI included age, C-reactive protein levels, absolute lymphocyte count, Padua Prediction Score, and respiratory insufficiency. No significant differences were observed in gender distribution, estimated glomerular filtration rate on admission, prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, or body mass index between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression incorporating the Padua Prediction Score showed strong predictive performance with an AUC of 0.803. Conclusions. The study highlights the critical need for accurate predictive models tailored to specific populations. It aims to develop a novel, region-specific predictive model for AKI in COVID-19 patients by focusing on the Ukrainian population. The model leverages local data to improve risk predictions and patient outcomes, emphasising the importance of early identification and stratification of high-risk individuals.
Heroic Narratives in Chinese social media: A Case Study of Bilibili
Authors: Xiao Rong , Huang Weining
Published: February 2025

Heroes embody the essence of national spirit and serve as the catalysts for national rejuvenation. Narratives play a pivotal role in conveying heroic tales and upholding the ethos of heroism. While traditionally set in the domain of mainstream media, the responsibility of crafting and disseminating heroic narratives has increasingly shifted to social media in response to societal evolution. This study examines the innovative approaches to heroic narratives on the Chinese social media platform Bilibili. It highlights how Bilibili has transformed traditional heroic storytelling by adopting concise and concentrated narrative modes, featuring accessible and approachable narrative characters, and fostering diverse and dynamic narrative voices. These innovations underscore Bilibili’s role as a pioneering platform for re-imagining heroic storytelling in contemporary social contexts and digital environments.
Power Dynamics and Linguistic Legacy in Indian English Theatre: A Postcolonial Study of Vijay Tendulkar’s Ghasiram Kotwal
Authors: Jena Prasanta , Maharana Dr. Dipti Ranjan
Published: February 2025

Indian English theatre, with its rich socio-political themes, has played a significant role in reflecting the cultural and political struggles of postcolonial India. One of the most prominent playwrights in this genre is Vijay Tendulkar, whose works often delve into the complexities of power, identity, and societal structures. Ghasiram Kotwal, one of his most notable plays, critiques the exploitation of the marginalized by the ruling elites and explores the dynamics of power and language within a hierarchical society. This paper explores the power dynamics and linguistic hegemony in Vijay Tendulkar's Ghasiram Kotwal through a postcolonial lens. Set in 18th-century Pune during the Peshwa rule, the play critiques both indigenous and colonial power structures by examining the rise and fall of Ghasiram, a low-caste man who gains temporary power only to be undone by the very systems he sought to control. Through the character of Nana Phadnavis, Tendulkar portrays the manipulative authority of colonial rulers, mirroring the ways in which colonial power structures were maintained through local elites. The paper focuses on how language serves as both a tool of oppression and resistance. By analyzing shifts in Ghasiram’s speech patterns as he gains and loses power, the study examines how linguistic authority reinforces social stratification. Drawing on postcolonial theories by Homi Bhabha and Ngugi wa Thiong'o, it is argued that language operates as a key instrument in the maintenance of colonial power, and its subversion becomes a site of resistance. Additionally, the paper examines the use of Brechtian techniques in Ghasiram Kotwal, where the play’s form disrupts the audience’s expectations and questions the prevailing socio-political order. Ultimately, this study highlights the continued relevance of Ghasiram Kotwal in contemporary theatre, offering insights into the intersections of power, language, and postcolonial resistance. It calls for further analysis of these themes in Indian English theatre and underscores the lasting impact of performance in shaping postcolonial identities.
Toponymic Environments of New Urban Settlements in Transbaikalia: Soviet Legacy and Contemporary Nomenclature
Authors:   BanzarovBuryat State University, Baikalov Nikolay S. , Varfolomeeva Yulia N. ,   East Siberia State University of Technology and Management
Published: February 2025

Introduction. Despite studies in Transbaikalia’s onomastics are voluminous enough, the toponymic environments of its urban settlements remain somewhat understudied. Goals. The work attempts a comprehensive insight — at oikonymic, urbanonymic and ergonymic levels — into how the specified field formed and developed. Materials and methods. The empirical basis comprises official names of urban objects within a total of six towns/cities located in two administrative territorial units of Transbaikalia (Republic of Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai), the former be identified across a variety of documentary, journalistic, pictorial and oral sources. The toponymic study of new towns and cities in Transbaikalia employs the etymological, semantic, comparative historical and statistical methods. Results. The paper analyzes and systematizes oikonyms, urbanonyms and ergonyms of the region’s new towns and cities, reveals some distinctive features of toponymic formation for three types of urban settlements — transport, industrial and youth ones, shows key stages of state toponymic policies, hypothesizes as to causes and consequences of renaming arrangements. Conclusions. The analysis into the three levels of Transbaikalia’s urban toponymic environments makes it possible to conclude that the latter remains systemically organized and — in the context of the transition from a unified Soviet toponymic policy to present-day nominative differentiations — maintains its integral and continuous essentials.
Mongolian Material Culture Vocabulary for Traditional Animal Husbandry: Saddles and Their Elements
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the RAS, Mazarchuk Anna V. , Mukharinov Valery M. ,   Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kalmykia
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The article deals with modern Mongolian terms for elements of a riding saddle (эмээл) and pack ones, the latter to include янгирцаг (a cargo saddle for oxen and deer) and хом (a saddle for Bactrian camels to transport bales). Goals. The study attempts etymological analyses into the specified terms and concludes on how the lexical/semantic group in question may have formed. Materials and methods. The paper focuses on Mongolic and Turkic dictionaries, scholarly works on the ethnography of Mongols. The material was selected through the continuous sampling method for further etymological insights with the aid of etymological dictionaries and works on Mongolic and Turkic etymologies. Results. There are approximately 30 Mongolian terms for elements of a riding saddle and pack ones. One third of the former cluster with the colloquial Mongolian vocabulary and are used either in figurative or in direct — but specified — senses. The remaining two thirds are special terms, the overwhelming majority of which have parallels in the Turkic languages. So, it is often difficult enough to establish whether a word denoting an element of the saddle is a Mongolism in the Turkic languages — or a Turkism in the Mongolic ones. The only explicitly distinctive borrowing here is the Sinicism мааюуз ‘cushion on the saddle’. Conclusions. The bulk of the lexical/semantic group in question is compiled from ancient terms. These are units of either native Mongolian vocabulary or Turkisms. So, introductions of advanced structural elements would give rise to new terms — borrowed from either colloquial Mongolian or languages of neighboring Turks, and only one proves an evident borrowing from Chinese.
Effect of Anise and Cumin Plant Extracts in Inhibiting Growth of Rot Causing Fungi
Authors:   Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria, Mohamad Hala Ali
Published: February 2025

Mohamed, H.A. 2024. Effect of Anise and Cumin Plant Extracts in Inhibiting Growth of Rot Causing Fungi. Arab
Journal of Plant Protection, 42(4): 541-544. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001267
This study aimed to investigate the ability to use essential oils extracted from anise and cumin as safe alternatives to inhibit the growth of fungi
that cause fruit rots. An experiment was conducted in the Plant Protection Laboratory of Tishreen University, Syria, to study the effect of the
essential oil extracted from cumin and anise in inhibiting the growth of fruit rots caused by Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum. Several
concentrations of the two types of essential oils (0, 25, 50. 75, 100 and 125 µl/100 ml) were used. The experiment was carried out in a
randomized block design with three replications for each treatment. The results obtained showed that there were significant differences between
the concentrations used and the control, and the two concentrations 100 and 125 µl/ml caused 100% inhibition and were significantly higher
than the other concentrations tested of the two essential oils.
Keywords: Cumin, anise, biological activity, bioinhibitors, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum.
Effect of Recent Herbicides on Growth and Yield of Two Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties and Associated Weeds
Authors:   Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq, Abdulatif Mohamad Akram , Abdallah Almashhadany Ahmad Majeed ,   Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq, Yehya Alobaidi Saddam Ibrahim ,   Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq, Mohamad Nawaf Jassem ,   Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
Published: February 2025

Abdulateef, M.A., A.M.A. Almashhadany, S.I. Alobaidi and N.J. Mohammad. 2024. Effect of Recent Herbicides on
Growth and Yield of Two Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties and Associated Weeds. Arab Journal of Plant
Protection, 42(4): 474-481. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001268
The field study was carried out to evaluate the effect of herbicides on the weeds associated with the soft wheat crop (bread wheat) and
wheat yield. Experiments were conducted in two sites, a farmer field in the Bashiqa area, northeast of Mosul, and the second in the field of the
research station of the Field Crops Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosel. The herbicides tested were Lancelot
450, Clodia 300 EC and Aciad 6 E and compared with an untreated control. In addition, two bread wheat varieties were investigated, Behoth
22 and Jehan. Experiments were conducted based on randomized complete block design, and results were statistically analyzed by the SAS
program. The significance of means was determined by the Duncan’s multiple range test at P=0.05. The results obtained showed that there are
significant differences between the varieties in most of the investigated traits (number of narrow weeds, the weight of narrow weeds, the
number of wheat spikes, the weight of 1,000 seeds and total yield) in both study sites. The herbicides Clodia 300 EC and Lancelot 450 were
significantly better than Aciad 6 E with a higher grain yield of 267.99 and 263.14 g/m2
, respectively, at the second site. As for the interaction
between varieties and herbicides, the combined treatment of the Behoth 22 variety and the herbicide Lancelot 450 was the most effective in
weed control, and gave the highest grain yield at both sites.
Keywords: Herbicide, bread wheat, weeds, Triticum aestivum L.
Multi-Season Yield Enhancement Following Citrus Nematode Management in an Egyptian Citrus Orchard
Authors:   Plant Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt, Hammam M.M.A. , Mohamed M.M.M. ,   Plant Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt, Duncan L.W. ,   Citrus Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, USA, Elborai F. ,   Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Wimauma, Florida 33598, USA, Abd-Elgawad M.M.M. ,   Plant Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
Published: February 2025

Hammam, M.M.A., M.M.M. Mohamed, L.W. Duncan, F. Elborai and M.M.M. Abd-Elgawad. 2024. Multi-Season Yield
Enhancement Following Citrus Nematode Management in an Egyptian Citrus Orchard. Arab Journal of Plant
Protection, 42(4): 482-488. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001272
Chemical and biological nematicides were evaluated for the management of the citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans in an
Egyptian lemon orchard. The experiment included 7 treatments as follows: native Heterorhabditis indica applied to the soil surface in aqueous
suspension, H. indica infected cadavers applied beneath the soil surface, Abamectin®, Micronema® a product containing Serratia sp.,
Pseudomonas sp., Azotobacter sp., Bacillus circulans and Bacillus thuringiensis, chemical treatments cadusafos and two rates of the chemical
oxamyl. The experiment followed a randomized complete block design with 10 blocks, and treatments were applied between October 2018
and February 2019. All treatments reduced (P ≤ 0.05) population densities of female citrus nematodes in roots between 32 and 77% for three
months period following the final treatment. Average lemon yield in the summer of 2019 was 18-38% higher in treated compared to untreated
plots, but only the Micronema and cadusafos treatments were significantly higher. The average yields in treated plots were 15-42% higher than
that in control plots in 2020, but the increase was not statistically significant. Despite few treatment differences in either year, the mean 2019
and 2020 combined yield for each treatment, except for the H. indica treatment, was 18-33% higher (P ≤ 0.05) than that of the untreated plots.
The lemon yield during both years was inversely correlated (P ≤ 0.001) with the mean nematode females/g of roots following the treatments.
In August and September 2021, all the previous treatments except H. indica applied in aqueous suspension and Micronema continued to
suppress female citrus nematodes in roots, on average of 21–69%.
Keywords: Biocontrol, citrus, crop loss assessment, nematicides, nematode management, Tylenchulus semipenetrans.
The Role of Compost in Biological Control of Tomato Crown and Root Rot Disease Caused by the Fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Under Protected Cultivation Conditions
Authors:   Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Syria, Mahmoud Nagham , Abou Shaar Mohammed ,   General Authority of Scientific Agricultural Research, Latakia Center, Syria, El-Rahiye Qusai ,   Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aleppo, Syria
Published: February 2025

Mahmoud, N., M. Abou Shaar and Q. El-Rahiye. 2024. The Role of Compost in Biological Control of Tomato Crown and
Root Rot Disease Caused by the Fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici Under Protected Cultivation
Conditions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 42(4): 526-533. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001276
A study was conducted to investigate the role of two compost types: citrus pruning residues compost (C) and olive pruning residues
compost (O), in the biological control of tomato crown and root rot disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. f. sp. radicis-lycopersici
(FORL) under artificial infection conditions. Results obtained showed that both compost types differed in chemical and biological properties,
which led 50 days after infection to a variation in their effect in influencing disease severity. The olive compost reduced the severity of the
disease to 33.3% and was significantly superior to citrus compost 50.0%, compared to the untreated control, which reached 58.3%. Compost
treatment was associated with an increase in the enzymatic activity of both peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes in tomato plants as
compared to the untreated control. These results confirm the role of compost in inducing resistance to disease in tomato plants.
Keywords: Compost, tomato crown and root rot disease, induced resistance, peroxidase, phenol oxidase
Biological Efficiency of Calotropis procera Extracts Against the Growth of Selected Fungal Plant Pathogens
Authors:   School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, Asfere Y. , Kebede A. ,   School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, Muthuswamy M. ,   School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Published: February 2025

Plant secondary metabolites and plant-based fungicides appear to be one of the better alternatives as they are known to have negligible environmental impact and health hazard to consumers, compared with synthetic pesticides. This study aimed at assessing the antifungal activities of crude extracts obtained from leaf, stem bark, and roots of Calotropis procera against the fungal pathogens Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium solani. The stems, roots, and leaves of the selected plant species were shade-dried and ground to powder, and the bioactive components were extracted using ethanol (99.5%), hexane (99.8%), and distilled water. The antifungal activity of the extracts against the three selected pathogens were evaluated using the agar-well diffusion method and inhibitory zones were measured in millimeters at four different concentration levels (30, 40, 50, and 60 mg/ml). Carbendazim and sterile distilled water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Among the selected plant materials, stem bark extracts showed the highest yield (10.45%) in ethanol crude extracts, whereas, the lowest yield (1.45%) was for water crude extract from the roots. The bioassay studies revealed that the crude extracts of ethanol, hexane and water had antifungal activity on all three fungal species at all concentrations and with all solvents. Ethanol extracts had the highest growth inhibitory effects as compared to those of the hexane and water crude extracts. In this study, the selected solvent crude extracts had fewer antifungal activities than carbendazim. A. niger, F. oxysporum, and F. solani growth was highly affected by ethanol leaf extract as compared with hexane and water extracts. Conversely, stem bark hexane extract showed higher antifungal activity only against F. oxysporum. In this study, among the selected plant parts of C. procera, leaves showed the highest antifungal activity compared with stem bark and root extract.

Keywords:
Antifungal, Calotropis procera, organic solvents, plant pathogens.
Mitogenomic Variation of Five Apis mellifera Subspecies Populations Using Mitochondrial Protein-Coding Genes
Authors:   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Science, Charmo University, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Bebane P.S.A.
Published: February 2025

Honeybee, is essential to both the preservation of biodiversity and the security of the world’s food supply. Identifying genetic variation is a crucial step in preserving diversity. The current study used thirteen mitochondrial coding protein genes to characterize molecular genetic variation among populations of five Apis mellifera subspecies. The results obtained showed that the populations of both subspecies, Apis mellifera mellifera and Apis mellifera jemenitica, had a higher mean in genetic diversity features such as nucleotide diversity, the number of pairwise differences, and polymorphic sites. While the Apis mellifera ligustica subspecies population had the lowest mean of the same parameters. The patterns of genetic differentiation and gene flow revealed that Apis mellifera scutellate, Apis mellifera capensis, and Apis mellifera mellifera populations were the most closely related in terms of their mitogenomic sequences, whereas Apis mellifera jemenitica and Apis mellifera ligustica populations were the most distant mitogenomically within and between populations. Phylogeny, PCA, and haplotype network analysis revealed that some individuals in different subspecies had the same haplotypes. These findings imply that the genetic integrity of native honeybees is threatened as individuals from several subspecies that share the same mitogenomics.
To the Issue of Theoretical and Methodological Foundations and Prerequisites for Organizing E-Learning in Islamic Universities of Russia in the Context of Integrativeness of the Scientific Paradigm
Authors: Yakovleva A. V.
Published: February 2025

The present article offers an attempt to comprehend the theoretical and methodological prerequisites for studying the issue of using e-learning resources in organizing educational activities of domestic Islamic higher education institutions in the era of universal digitalization due to author’s review of a number of modern pedagogical concepts, approaches and principles. The author focuses on the challenges facing confession-b ased education nowadays and notes that global changes taking place in the world have significantly influenced the specifics and content of traditional educational practices. The latest encounter with the need to adapt to new conditions, including the conceptual conditions of the multi-paradigmality of the scientific and pedagogical sphere.
Russian Muslims in the Soviet State during the 1920s (According to the Magazine “Islam Majallasy”)
Authors: Khabutdinov A. Yu.
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the magazine “Islam Majallasy” (1924–1928), which was actually a body of the clergy of the Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims (TsDUM). The magazine gives a holistic view of the development of the Ummah of European Russia during the period of relative religious tolerance during the time of the New Economic Policy (NEP). Under the editorship of Kashshafetdin Tarjemani, “Islam Majallasy” largely continued the traditions of pre-revolutionary theological magazines, especially “Ad-Din wa al-Adab”. The main topic of the magazine was devoted to the theological justification of the reforms of the New Time and the ways of evolution of Muslims in the conditions of the Soviet regime. In this magazine, the official chronicle of the activities of the TsDUM occupies an important place. The periodical reports on Soviet legislation and analyzes the experience of Muslims interacting with Soviet authorities in the Center and regions (especially the Tatar and Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR)). A special feature of the magazine was the presence of a column devoted to women’s issues, in which, under the leadership of Mukhlisa Bubi, the principles of the development and preservation of Muslim female identity in Soviet Russia were developed.
On Ibn Bajja’s Philosophical Psychology
Authors: Efremova N. V.
Published: February 2025

This article is intended to serve as a kind of introduction to the treatise of the pioneer of the Peripatetic school in Arab Spain — Ibn Bajja (lat. Avempace, d. 1139) — “The Conjunction of the Active Intellect with Man”, the translation of which is published in this issue. The article covers the life and work of the philosopher, highlighting the main concepts of his philosophical psychology: the doctrine of spiritual forms; the proofs for existence of Active intellect (al-‘aql al-fa‘‘āl ); the theory of the conjunction (ittisāl) of human mind with Active intellect, and through it — with God; mononoistic intention.
¿La tortura como oportunidad? Límites para responder a un problema estructural
Authors: Marques de Jesus Maria Gorete , De Souza Gomes Mayara , Lemos Duarte Thais
Published: February 2025

Este artículo propone analizar el perfil de actuación del principal organismo brasileño de prevención de la tortura, el Mecanismo Nacional de Prevención y Lucha contra la Tortura (MNPCT) a partir del estudio de las recomendaciones emitidas por el mismo organismo. Por esta razón, se realiza un análisis documental de los informes anuales divulgados por el mecanismo entre 2015 y 2018, los cuales presentan pautas para revertir y prevenir casos de tortura por parte de los organismos públicos. Como hallazgo central, se observa que las recomendaciones del MNPCT están permeadas de cierta ambigüedad. Por un lado, los problemas que buscan revertir hacen referencia a factores de riesgo que acarrean la tortura en diálogo con la perspectiva de que esta práctica es una especie de crimen de oportunidad. Por otro lado, el ente deja entrever que esas cuestiones son indisociables del funcionamiento de las unidades de privación de la libertad, especialmente en lo que respecta a espacios penitenciarios y centros de reclusión socioeducativos. Por esta razón, se menciona la tortura entre las recomendaciones del MNPCT como algo estructural y difuso, que se aleja de nociones criminológicas controlados por nociones de riesgo y oportunidad.
Innovación en los sistemas de abastecimiento, distribución y recirculación de agua en un modelo de Vivienda de Interés Social Sostenible
Authors: Osorio-Sánchez Juan , Ussa-Garzón Jaime , Anzola-Osorio Francisco
Published: February 2025

En la actualidad, existe una alta inequidad sistemática de acceso al agua entre y dentro de los países, en algunos, existe un panorama de desperdicio y otros presentan alto estrés hídrico. Esta investigación desarrolló una respuesta innovadora en un diseño de los sistemas de abastecimiento, distribución y recirculación de agua (SADRA) en un modelo de vivienda de interés social sostenible (VISS) propuesto por los investigadores, a partir de la evaluación tecnológica (ET) teniendo en cuenta principios de eficiencia espacial, ambiental y económica en el costo del servicio público de acueducto y de producción para los constructores, confort del usuario, optimización del uso del recurso y sus fuentes de abastecimiento. Para lograrlo, se diagnosticó la disponibilidad del recurso hídrico pluvial de Bogotá; se plantearon las opciones tecnológicas para el ahorro de agua en edificaciones residenciales nuevas; se evaluó su viabilidad y se estimaron sus dimensiones. Dentro de lo obtenido, se logró proyectar el ahorro de 110,03L/día o el 40 % del consumo de cada unidad habitacional (UH) propuesta en el modelo de VISS y de 522.200L/mes en las labores de lavado y riego de zonas comunes; se encontró que, de implementar este modelo en la construcción de vivienda, se llegaría a un ahorro de agua de 2.210.000 m3/mes en el área de expansión urbana de Bogotá equivalente a 1361.54 Ha.
Transferencia de conocimiento en equipos de desarrollo de software: una estrategia de gamificación para fomentar la colaboración
Authors: Galeano Ospino Saray , Machuca Villegas Liliana Esther , Gasca Hurtado Gloria Piedad
Published: February 2025

Los proyectos de desarrollo de software son demandantes en conocimiento porque implican procesos de gestión rigurosos que deben articularse con buenas prácticas de conocimiento y gestión. Esta integración está estrechamente relacionada con la transferencia de conocimiento, indispensable en estos proyectos. Sin embargo, la falta de colaboración, la escasa comunicación, la falta de motivación para compartir el conocimiento y la incapacidad de ponerlo a disposición son algunas de las dificultades de la gestión del conocimiento en los proyectos de desarrollo de software. Por otro lado, la gamificación influye en el comportamiento de las personas, promoviendo la motivación, el compromiso y la colaboración en los equipos de trabajo. En este sentido, la gamificación puede ser una estrategia potencial para transformar estas dificultades. En esta investigación se adopta en el diseño de GamifiK, un enfoque para fomentar la transferencia de conocimientos en los equipos de desarrollo de software promoviendo la colaboración. GamifiK integra buenas prácticas de gestión del conocimiento, elementos de gamificación y la colaboración como habilidad blanda para la creación y la transferencia de conocimientos. Se realizó un estudio piloto en un contexto académico para evaluar el rendimiento preliminar de la estrategia y su posibilidad de ser validada e implementada en un contexto de la industria del software. Los resultados muestran que GamifiK puede compartir el conocimiento y contribuir a la transferencia de conocimiento en los equipos de desarrollo y es una viabilidad para ser implementado en un contexto real.
Evaluación del efecto de la pérdida de la adherencia de la interfaz geosintética-mezcla asfáltica en el desempeño de un pavimento flexible utilizando la técnica de la modelación numérica
Authors: Cruz Lucio , Realpe Mauro , Obando Jaime
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo muestra diferentes simulaciones numéricas basadas en elementos finitos, donde se analiza la respuesta de seis diferentes estructuras de pavimento sometidas a los efectos de la carga de un eje equivalente donde en la carpeta asfáltica se colocó una geomalla como refuerzo. Para la geomalla de refuerzo se tienen diferentes características de adherencia entre la geosintética y las mezclas asfálticas, evaluándose el desempeño de los sistemas cuando se tiene en la interfaz rugosidad absoluta y coeficientes de rugosidad de 0.9, 0.7 y 0.5. Los resultados que se obtuvieron se compararon con las respuestas de las estructuras sin refuerzo, de esta manera se estudió el desempeño que presentaba la estructura del pavimento al incorporar la geomalla como elemento de refuerzo y diferentes niveles de adherencia. Como conclusión, se encontró que la perdida de adherencia geomalla-carpeta asfáltica produce una pérdida de capacidad estructural, que incluso supera una condición sin presencia de refuerzo
Properties of Composite Materials Reinforced with Guadua Fibers: a Comparative Study
Authors: Sanchez Martha L. , Capote Gil , Patiño Juan Pablo
Published: February 2025

A numerical model for predicting the effect of the modification of a fiberÂ´s surface on the mechanical properties of biocomposite panels made with bamboo fibers and vegetable resin was elaborated. For the study, the three surface treatments methods were mercerization, plasma, and ozone treatment. To analyze the influence of each treatment on the surface of the fibers, a study of their morphology, chemical composition, and crystallinity was carried out using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. A characterization of the physical properties of the fibers was carried out by determining the density and the absorption capacity. The influence of the treatment on the mechanical properties of the fibers was analyzed by determining their tensile strength. These results were used to determine the elastic properties of the plies that make up the biocomposite, applying the modified mixing rule for anisotropic materials. The numerical models were elaborated using a commercial finite element program, considering a linear analysis. The composite was conceived as a laminate made up of layers of fibers oriented in different directions. To validate the numerical results, panels were made using fibers treated according to established treatment methods and a vegetable resin. For the construction of the panels, a compression system at standard room temperature was used. The fibers were placed in six 1.13 mm-thick layers, reproducing the conditions established in the numerical model. The determination of the physical properties of the composite was based on the determination of the density, the absorption capacity, and the percentage of swelling. The determination of the mechanical properties focused on obtaining the maximum strength for tensile, compression, and static bending. The results show that it is possible to improve the mechanical performance of the composite when the surface of the fibers that act as reinforcement is modified. According to the results, panels made with fibers treated with plasma and with ozone exhibited better mechanical performance, showing a good correlation between the results of the numerical models and the values obtained experimentally.
River Velocity through LSPTV Technique using UAVs
Authors: Rosero Legarda Jorge Andrés , Argoti Santacruz Angela Nathalia , Mafla Chamorro Francisco Ricardo
Published: February 2025

This paper presented the analysis of the difference between two techniques for the measurement of the velocity of water flows using the non-intrusive large-scale particle tracking velocimetry technique (LS PTV) and various intrusive techniques like digital water velocity meters. This research analyzes the difference between two techniques for measuring the velocity of water flows, using the non-intrusive large-scale particle tracking velocimetry technique (LSPTV), and intrusive techniques such as electromagnetic windlass and propeller windlass. A fluvial characterization of the river is conducted to classify it in relation to various fluvial parameters. The technique is applied in the stretch of the river, using two types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): DJI Inspire II and DJI Spark, using two types of tracers, to obtain velocity fields in the study section. Comparing the two techniques it is evident that the tracers that best adapted to the model are the orange peel with the Spark drone with a reliability of 91 %, compared to the tracers of plastic covers with the same vehicle with a reliability of 81 %. The LSPTV technique has higher reliability compared to conventional methods, even more when depth corrections are made; therefore, it would reduce the risks for operators and/or damage to equipment that needs to be introduced to the fluid.
Evaluación del desempeño de mezclas de suelo y residuos de la construcción como una alternativa para el mejoramiento de subrasantes de vías de bajo volumen de tránsito
Authors: Castrillon Rodriguez Ana Milena , Hidalgo Montoya Cesar Augusto
Published: February 2025

Aunque las vías rurales por lo general tienen gran importancia económica para las comunidades, se pueden considerar de bajo volumen de tránsito (BVT), lo cual lleva a que su pavimentación sea difícil de viabilizar financieramente. Por lo anterior, la mayoría de estas vías son no pavimentadas, generando dificultades para el tránsito, particularmente durante temporadas lluviosas. De otro lado, los residuos de construcción y demolición (RCD) constituyen un problema ambiental en las ciudades; se ha identificado su uso en la construcción de carreteras como una alternativa para su disposición final. Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad evaluar una alternativa para el uso en vías de bajo volumen de tránsito como material para el mejoramiento de subrasantes del pavimento. En específico, se evaluó el empleo de residuos procedentes de las construcciones o demoliciones de mampostería de ladrillo. Se realizó una evaluación tanto técnica como económica, para lo cual se realizaron diseños de pavimentos adicionando en proporciones determinadas entre 10 % y 40 % de RDCL y suelo residual, y se compararon con diseños de pavimentos convencionales usando materiales granulares de explotación de canteras. Para todos los diseños se usaron las mismas condiciones de tránsito, suelos de subrasante y metodologías de diseño. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el uso de RCDL mezclado con suelo como mejoramiento de la subrasante, se obtienen reducciones en espesores de capas granulares del pavimento que pueden permitir prescindir de la capa de subbase granular con los respectivos beneficios económicos y ambientales.