bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NO TIMING VARIATIONS OBSERVED IN THIRD TRANSIT OF SNOW-LINE EXOPLANET KEPLER-421b
Authors: Dalba Paul A. , Muirhead Philip S.
Published: July 2016

We observed Kepler-421 during the anticipated third transit of the snow-line exoplanet Kepler-421b in order to constrain the existence and extent of transit timing variations (TTVs). Previously, the Kepler spacecraft only observed two transits of Kepler-421b, leaving the planet’s transit ephemeris unconstrained. Our visible light, time-series observations from the 4.3 m Discovery Channel Telescope were designed to capture pre-transit baseline and the partial transit of Kepler-421b, barring significant TTVs. We use the light curves to assess the probabilities of various transit models using both the posterior odds ratio and the Bayesian Information Criterion, and find that a transit model with no TTVs is favored to 3.6σ confidence. These observations suggest that Kepler-421b is either alone in its system or is only experiencing minor dynamic interactions with an unseen companion. With the Kepler-421b ephemeris constrained, we calculate future transit times and discuss the opportunity to characterize the atmosphere of this cold, long-period exoplanet via transmission spectroscopy. Our investigation emphasizes the difficulties associated with observing long-period exoplanet transits and the consequences that arise from failing to refine transit ephemerides.
CALIBRATION OF EVOLUTIONARY DIAGNOSTICS IN HIGH-MASS STAR FORMATION
Authors: Molinari S. , Merello M. , Elia D. , Cesaroni R. , Testi L. , Robitaille T.
Published: July 2016

The evolutionary classification of massive clumps that are candidate progenitors of high-mass young stars and clusters relies on a variety of independent diagnostics based on observables from the near-infrared to the radio. A promising evolutionary indicator for massive and dense cluster-progenitor clumps is the L/M ratio between the bolometric luminosity and the mass of the clumps. With the aim of providing a quantitative calibration for this indicator, we used SEPIA/APEX to obtain CH3C2H(J = 12–11) observations, which is an excellent thermometer molecule probing densities

≥

10

5

cm−3, toward 51 dense clumps with

M
≥
1000

M

⊙

and uniformly spanning −2 ≲ Log(L/M) [L

⊙

/M

⊙

] ≲ 2.3. We identify three distinct ranges of L/M that can be associated to three distinct phases of star formation in massive clumps. For L/M

≤

1

no clump is detected in CH3C2H, suggesting an inner envelope temperature below ∼30K. For 1 ≲ L/M ≲ 10 we detect 58% of the clumps with a temperature between ∼30 and ∼35 K independently from the exact value of L/M; such clumps are building up luminosity due to the formation of stars, but no star is yet able to significantly heat the inner clump regions. For L/M ≳ 10 we detect all the clumps with a gas temperature rising with Log(L/M), marking the appearance of a qualitatively different heating source within the clumps; such values are found toward clumps with UCH ii counterparts, suggesting that the quantitative difference in T versus L/M behavior above L/M ∼ 10 is due to the first appearance of ZAMS stars in the clumps.
ARE SOME MILKY WAY GLOBULAR CLUSTERS HOSTED BY UNDISCOVERED GALAXIES?
Authors: Zaritsky Dennis , Crnojević Denija , Sand David J.
Published: July 2016

The confirmation of a globular cluster (GC) in the recently discovered ultrafaint galaxy Eridanus II (Eri II) motivated us to examine the question posed in the title. After estimating the halo mass of Eri II using a published stellar mass—halo mass relation, the one GC in this galaxy supports extending the relationship between the number of GCs hosted by a galaxy and the galaxy’s total mass about two orders of magnitude in stellar mass below the previous limit. For this empirically determined specific frequency of between 0.06 and 0.39 GCs per 109
M
⊙ of total mass, the surviving Milky Way (MW) subhalos with masses smaller than 1010
M
⊙ could host as many as 5–31 GCs, broadly consistent with the actual population of outer halo MW GCs, although matching the radial distribution in detail remains a challenge. Using a subhalo mass function from published high-resolution numerical simulations and a Poissonian model for populating those halos with the aforementioned empirically constrained frequency, we find that about 90% of these GCs lie in lower-mass subhalos than that of Eri II. From what we know about the stellar mass–halo mass function, the subhalo mass function, and the mass-normalized GC specific frequency, we conclude that some of the MW’s outer halo GCs are likely to be hosted by undetected subhalos with extremely modest stellar populations.
Les caractéristiques des managers comme prédicteurs de faillite des PME belges ?
Authors: Cultrera Loredana
Published: July 2016

Cet article fournit les premières mises en évidence de caractéristiques spécifiques aux managers pouvant expliquer le déclenchement du processus de défaillance d’entreprise. Il cherche à mettre en évidence les facteurs susceptibles d’entraîner la faillite des PME belges, au moyen d’entretiens individuels effectués auprès de spécialistes du domaine. Les différents entretiens semi-directifs menés, analysés au moyen de la technique de théorisation ancrée, suggèrent que le niveau d’éducation et de formation du dirigeant, ainsi que sa capacité à réagir à un environnement changeant et son orientation vers des processus de contrôle opérationnel et administratif permanents sont les facteurs principaux favorisant la survie de l’entreprise. Classification JEL : G32, G33, H12
What is Behind Foreign Aid Ineffectiveness?
Authors: Sraieb Mohamed Mounir
Published: July 2016

JEL classification: C3, D86, F35, O1, O12, O19
Paediatric post-traumatic osseous cystic lesion following a distal radial fracture
Authors: BEH Joey Chan Yiing , HAMOUDA Ehab Shaban Mahmoud
Published: July 2016

Post-traumatic osseous cystic lesions are a rare complication in children. An aetiology of intramedullary fat seepage through the damaged bone cortex and its entrapment within the subperiosteum has been proposed. These lesions run a benign course and usually resolve spontaneously. The presence of fatty marrow gives it a distinct appearance which aids in its diagnosis and differentiation from other bone lesions. This case demonstrates a fat-fluid level within the subperiosteal cystic lesion in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and this is a typical feature of post-traumatic cystic lesion in a child. Recognition of this imaging feature allows for a confident diagnosis, cutting down on unnecessary, potentially invasive investigations.
Lectotypification of the Linnaean name Bosea yervamora (Amaranthaceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio
Published: July 2016

The typification of the name Bosea yervamora L. (Amaranthaceae) is discussed under the light of historical knowledge of Canarian plants in Linnean herbaria. An illustration from Sloane is designated as the lectotype. A specimen from BM-SL (Sloane collection) is designated as typotype.
En los albores del catastro parcelario territorial en España: los mapas topográficos de Granada y su área metropolitana (1819-1820)
Authors: García-Pulido Luis José
Published: July 2016

En 1819 se elaboró con notable precisión y calidad gráfica el Mapa topográfico de la ciudad de Granada y su término, obra pionera en el ámbito de los planos catastrales parcelarios españoles. Su autor fue Francisco Dalmau (1766-1824), matemático ilustrado que acaparó numerosos títulos, culminados con el de director de la Estadística de la Provincia de Granada. Un año más tarde dirigió la elaboración de 18 mapas más, correspondientes a los términos municipales de los lugares y villas del partido granadino. Con esta iniciativa se adelantaría en varias décadas a los trabajos de similares características realizados en otras poblaciones españolas. En este artículo se ofrece una completa visión del uso del suelo agrario en el entorno de la capital granadina a partir del análisis conjunto de los datos geográficos contenidos en estas cartografías que, pese a que fueron promovidas fuera del ámbito militar, se han conservado en el Centro Geográfico del Ejército.
Turismo en la Antártida: precisiones conceptuales, principios generales y perspectivas teóricas
Authors: Pardo Abad Carlos J. , Nieto Codina Aurelio
Published: July 2016

Desde hace medio siglo el turismo antártico ha pasado de ser una actividad elitista a un sector económico que moviliza a un número creciente de viajeros. En la actualidad, la presencia humana en el continente antártico se caracteriza por su dicotomía; por un lado, los turistas de naturaleza y de crucero, que pueden o no tomar tierra al llegar a la Antártida; por otro, los turistas científicos, que son los únicos que en algunos casos pueden mantener una presencia continuada durante todo el año. En este estudio se reflexiona sobre este aspecto singular, relacionándolo con la regulación legislativa internacional, revisando los enfoques teóricos aportados por diferentes autores, caracterizando los problemas derivados del impacto ecológico del turismo y precisando las tendencias recientes del turismo antártico desde una perspectiva geográfica.
INCUBATION TYPE PLANAR PATCH CLAMP AS A NEW POTENTIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING NEURONAL NETWORK HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING DEVICES
Authors: Urisu Tsuneo
Published: July 2016

Ion-channel current recordings based on an incubation type planar patch clamp were first reported in 2008, using HEK293 cells expressed with TRPV1 channels and capsaicin as ligand molecules. At first the success probability (number of devices which normally worked/total number of devices fabricated) was extremely low (several %). Several years later, we have succeeded in significantly decreasing the base line noise by using a salt-bridge-type Ag/AgCl electrode and successfully demonstrated the application of an incubation type planar patch clamp to ligand gated ion-channel biosensors and light gated ion-channel biosensors using HEK293 cells expressed with ChRWR. Furthermore, a spontaneous ion-channel current from a neuronal network was successfully observed by using a planar patch clamp chip, on which the neuronal network was occasionally formed with a soma of a neuron on a micro through-hole. Although the neuronal network was not controlled, this success shows the high potential of realizing a high throughput screening device on the basis of channel current measurements, which contain the most important information on network conditions.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR ESTIMATING GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE BY URINARY DIPSTICK FOR TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Chu-Su Yu , Liu Chien-Sheng , Chen Ruey-Shin , Lin Chii-Wann
Published: July 2016

Background: The result of a standard urinary dipstick from a patient with diabetes mellitus type 2 can be used to predict the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We designed a multilayer perceptron (MLP) to investigate the possibility and optimal number of variables for the prediction. Methods: A total of 299 volunteers with diabetes mellitus type 2 were included. The blood and urine samples from volunteers were analyzed for blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, and urine chemistry. The urine chemistry was examined by a standard urinary dipstick. Volunteer age and gender and six test items of the dipstick were set as eight variables for this study. The eight variables were grouped and examined for the optimal combination. The eight variables from 232 of 299 volunteers were used to train an MLP for the optimal variables. The performance of trained MLP was validated by the data from 69 of 232 volunteers. Results: The optimal combination for variables was the six test items of the dipstick and volunteer age. The area under the curve (0.928), accuracy (0.879), sensitivity (0.83), and specificity (0.88) of the trained MLP were examined. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the eGFR prediction potential of the results of a urinary dipstick using this method.
INFLUENCE OF THE GEOMETRY OF THE ATTACHING PEGS OF THE FEMORAL COMPONENT OF A KNEE PROSTHESIS
Authors: Gamero V. , Valdivia J. , Davila E. , Cerrolaza M.
Published: July 2016

Several factors such as instability, misalignment, mechanical fractures and poor quality of bone are some factors that strongly influence the deterioration of knee implants. After a total knee replacement (TKR), proximal tibial bone suffers a resorption due to stress-shielding caused by the implant. The formation of weakening bone zones and loss of bone is one of the most clinical concerns. Then, the study, modification and improving of the simulation methods to analyze implants is a subject of the most concern. Thus, this work is focused in the analyses of the influence of the geometry and inclination of the attaching pegs in the femoral component of knee implants. The aim is to evaluate the geometry of the implant stem to improve the stresses distribution and to increase the implant lifespan. Stresses distribution at the attaching pegs of the femoral component, by considering several combinations of diameters, lengths and inclinations, have been analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA). The analysis was conducted for the [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm, L [Formula: see text] 13 mm and [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 0[Formula: see text], in three different positions of the gait cycle. The variation of the geometry of the attaching pegs generated changes in the stresses distribution in bone. As the diameter increases, the stresses decrease in the femur. The medial areas of the implant appear to be the most likely regions to show bone resorption.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF HALF-VALUE LAYER MEASUREMENTS FOR X-RAY EQUIPMENT
Authors: Sosa Modesto , Bernal-Alvarado Jesús , Azorín Juan C. , Cuevas Ana C. , Córdova Teodoro , Mesa Francisco
Published: July 2016

A linear mathematical modeling of half-value layer measurements for X-ray equipment is discussed. The consistency check shows that a linear model is consistent with the value of an exponential model, provided that the thickness of the aluminum absorber used in the calculations is close to 2.5[Formula: see text]mm. To validate the linear model, a methodology for determining the half-value layer in conventional X-ray equipment was introduced. The study was based on the measurement of only two exposure values, with and without aluminum absorber, using lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100). The corresponding description through a straight line is given. Aluminum absorber of 2.40[Formula: see text]mm thickness was used in the measurements in 11 X-ray equipment. A Pearson statistical analysis used to determine the correlation between data obtained with an ionization chamber and TLD-100 provided a statistically significant [Formula: see text] and p-value [Formula: see text] 0.004.
Copyright Issues in the Context of the Digital Library
Authors: Pina Pedro
Published: July 2016

Libraries have a strong role on promoting culture and knowledge as intermediaries between creators and readers. In the analogical world, such usages didn't have relevant effects on the normal exploitation of copyrighted works. However, digitisation had a strong effect on rightholders' interests by facilitating and democratizing access to works, considering that libraries may reproduce them and promote their online accessibility. Litigation regarding the referred actions has dramatically increased in the last years as they may stress the normal exploitation of copyrighted works and the exclusive rights of reproduction and of distributing. Based on the European Union's legislation and jurisprudence, the present chapter analyses the lawfulness of public libraries digitisation of books from their collection in order to make them available to users without the right holder's consent, confronting them with the exclusive right of reproduction and the making available right.
A Glimpse of the Information Seeking Behaviour Literature on the Web
Authors: Akakandelwa Akakandelwa
Published: July 2016

This Chapter presents a study conducted on literature related to information seeking behaviour available on the World Wide Web. The outcome of searching the World Wide Web using Google Scholar were analysed to present the growth of publications; collaboration pattern of authors; most contributing authors; type of publications in which information scientists preferred to publish their works; highly preferred journals in which information seeking behaviour related works are published; and the impact of information seeking behaviour related literature.
Indexing and Abstracting as Tools for Information Retrieval in Digital Libraries
Authors: Fagbola Olaronke O.
Published: July 2016

Indexing and abstracting are like Siamese twins in the information retrieval process. Indexing and abstracting are the two approaches to distilling information content into an abbreviated, but comprehensive representation of an information resource(s). They are knowledge organisation tools which usually provide detailed and accurate maps and road signs in the information superhighway. Digital libraries are characterised by an electronic stock of information which can be accessed via computers, and are extension and augmentations of physical libraries in digital forms. They are information retrieval systems (a device interposed between a potential user of information and the information itself) which provide opportunities to access and retrieve information that is often accessible for a variety of reasons. This chapter presents a literature review on indexing and abstracting, information retrieval process, digital libraries pointing out the importance of indexing and abstracting in the information retrieving process and then highlighting the roles played by indexing and abstracting as tools for information retrieval in digital libraries. The chapter posits that indexing and abstracting plays a significant role as information retrieval tools in digital libraries.
Digital Libraries as Information Superhighway
Authors: Dongardive Prakash
Published: July 2016

During the decade of 1990s the term digital libraries become a recognized phrase for describing libraries that offer access to digital information by using a variety of networks, including internet and world wide web. Other synonyms used interchangeably with digital libraries are library without walls and electronic and virtual libraries because every online or virtual source of information is electronic source of information but every electronic information sources are not online or virtual form, so digital or electronic library includes digital contents and that can be delivered any time anywhere to the networked computer. Digital libraries provide remote access to the contents and the services of the libraries and other information sources combining an onsite collection of current and heavily used materials in both print and electronic form with an electronic networks which provide access to and delivery for worldwide libraries and commercial information and knowledge sources. Basically the digital libraries are the metaphor for the networked libraries. In the light of this therefore, this chapter discussed digital libraries as information superhighway looking at issues like factors responsible for the emergence of digital libraries, influence internet on digital libraries, etc.
Thesaurus with Predicate-Argument Structure to Provide Base Framework to Determine States, Actions, and Change-of-States
Authors: Takeuchi Koichi
Published: July 2016

The goal with this chapter is to discuss the possibility of language resources in determining the states, actions, and change-of-states of characters in narratives. An overview of previous work on linguistic theory and language resources is given then the Predicate-Argument Structure Thesaurus (PT), a Japanese language resource constructed based on the extended framework of the Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS), is proposed. The PT provides hierarchical clusters of synonyms for 11,900 predicates and 22,000 example sentences annotated with semantic role labels. Each concept has an abstracted LCS, and example sentences are attached to each concept. By virtue of the structure, a correlation of the arguments between other clusters can be determined. The semantic structure of the PT is investigated to enrich generated texts of narratives, and the high possibility of lexical semantics contributing to narrative processing is revealed.
Non-Story, Nostalgia, and Film Cognition
Authors: Kanai Akihito
Published: July 2016

In addition to the stories' or characters' goal-directed actions, the non-story narrative and nostalgia aspects are important issues for narrative cognitions such as film cognition. In this chapter, the film cognitive effects related to re-defining nostalgia through cutting techniques and defamiliarization of narrative rhetoric are particularly analyzed. Using a cognitive and computational model, the rhetoric of the film is classified into four kinds of nostalgia including non-nostalgia, and analyzed in particular from the cognitive process perspective as it related to non-story and nostalgia. Next, a computerized classification is used to compose rhetoric and generate films for various kinds of nostalgia. The generated films revealed both the narrow story and broad non-story aspects of the rhetoric, narrative, and cognition of the past and the film.
Biosimilars
Authors: Sharma Anil K. , Keservani Raj K. , Kesharwani Rajesh K.
Published: July 2016

Biosimilars are a new class of drugs, which are derived from live organism through the recombinant DNA technology. These are recently introduced in the pharmaceutical field for the preparation of drug to prevent or control the diseases. Patients with diabetes and renal failure may already be receiving biosimilar epoetin and may receive same insulin in coming years. The main aim of present article is to introduce the fundamentals of biologics and to explain how they are different and what these differences mean for pharmacists.
Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications of Nanofibers
Authors: Adibkia Khosro , Yaqoubi Shadi , Dizaj Solmaz Maleki
Published: July 2016

Nanofibers as a main group of nanoparticles have a vast range of applicability for therapeutic purposes, duo to their outstanding attributes such as very large surface to volume ratio and high porosity. These types of nanoparticles are more known as tissue scaffolds and drug delivery carriers. Nanofiber-based carriers are able to control the release pattern of drugs. In addition, they can act as multidrug-loaded materials with programed dual release profile. Electrospinning is a simple method, which is recognized as the most efficient approach for the fabrication of nanofibers. Production of ultrafine fibers based on various natural or synthetic polymers is possible by means of electrospinning. In this chapter, a comprehensive review is presented on various medical applications of electrospun nanofibers in the case of tissue engineering and drug delivery. Several investigations on therapeutic nanofibers and their processing methods are also summarized in this chapter.
Therapeutic Applications of Nanobiomaterials
Authors: Garg Anuj
Published: July 2016

The most exciting advancement in the fields of biomaterial science is its ability to engineer new materials at the nanoscale level for various biological applications particularly drug and gene delivery for therapeutic applications. The main focus of this chapter is to review the therapeutic applications of different nanobiomaterials. Thus, it is proposed to discuss type of nanobiomaterials, general biological barriers for therapeutics, surface functionalization of nanobiomaterials and their therapeutics application in the present chapter. The therapeutic applications are explained on the basis of type of nanobiomaterials. The biocompatibility and toxicological response towards nanobiomaterials is an important issue that requires investigation for clinical development and their commercialization. The commercial prospects and future challenges in development of nanobiomaterials particularly for drug delivery are also discussed in the present chapter.
Modeling of Thermodynamic and Diffusion Properties in Ionic Materials
Authors: Zhou Bi Cheng , Liu Zi Kui
Published: July 2016

In this chapter, the modeling techniques of the thermodynamic and diffusion properties based on density functional theory in ionic materials, specifically oxide ceramic materials or ionic conductor materials are reviewed. Section 1 is the introduction of this book chapter. Section 2 is devoted to introduce the modeling methods of first-principles finite temperature thermodynamics, including quasi-harmonic phonon calculations and the Debye model. In the phonon model, the frozen phonon method, the linear response method, and the newly developed mixed-space method to model ionic polar materials are discussed. Section 3 introduces the general atomic diffusion theory, first-principles transition state calculations (double-well approach), and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the diffusion coefficients in ionic materials. Section 4 discusses some of the recent works of first-principles prediction of the thermodynamic and diffusion properties of ionic materials from our group and in the literature, with a focus on oxides for energy applications. Section 5 summarizes this book chapter.
Transport of Ions in Salt-in-Polymer Membranes
Authors: Wiemhöfer Hans Dieter , Jeschke Steffen , Cznotka Eva
Published: July 2016

Replacing traditional liquid electrolytes by polymers will significantly improve electrical energy storage technologies. However, the ion transport mechanism in polymers has been one of the main barriers to further improvement in Li-ion batteries and is still not completely clarified. In an effort to gain a better understanding of the conduction phenomena in electrolytes, a comprehensive survey of all transport mechanism including solvation, segmental motion and hopping, is presented here. Included are a survey of the fundamentals of diffusion and conductivity in polymer electrolytes; recent developments in Li salts; and a detailed discussion about ion transport mechanism with representative references.
Composition of Kaew Angwa by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF)
Authors: Phanichphant Sukon , Khantha Chanitpa
Published: July 2016

The ancient glass, “Kaew Angwa” is a kind of materials used in decorative art work with colored glass casted on metal. The common Kaew ANgwa can be found in green, blue, colorless and yellow. Brown and red Kaew Angwa are rather scarce. Thin sheet of colored glass is tightly bonded to the metal which cracks when it is bent but still stays intact. Kaew Angwa can reflect lights to the colors of the colored glasses beautifully. Kaew Angwa can be cut with scissors which make it’s easiness for ornament.In this presentation, composition of Kaew Angwa will be examined by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF). The colored glass will be identified and shown that the insertion of transition metals (iron, manganese, and copper) into the crystal structure of silica causes Kaew Angwa to be colored.There is no known method to fabricate Kaew Angwa to be exactly like the ancient one. The results from this work will give the general idea on the composition of colored glasses. Several trials have been performed on how to bond colored glass and metal, for example silver mirroring on cover glass and sealed with epoxy for protection. Further experiments will be performed on thin colored glass
Effect of Nd3+ Ion on Bismuth Borosilicate Glass Properties
Authors: Rakpanich S. , Meejitpaisan Piyachat , Ravangvong Sunantasak , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: July 2016

This paper reports neodymium doped bismuth borosilicate glasses in composition (40-x)B2O3-40Bi2O3-20SiO2-xNd2O3 where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mol%, have been prepared by melt quenching technique and are characterized through physical properties structural properties, optical absorption spectra and emission spectra measurements. The density is found to increase with the increase in concentration of Nd2O3. The molar volumes of glass decrease where concentration of Nd2O3 where concentration of Nd2O3 is 0-0.5 mol% and beyond 0.5 mol% that molar volumes were increased. The absorption spectra of Nd3+-doped glass centered at 512 nm (4I9/2→2K13/2+4G9/2), 526 nm (4I9/2→4G7/2), 584 nm (4I9/2→4G5/2+2G7/2), 625 nm (4I9/2→2H11/2), 681 nm (4I9/2→4F9/2), 747 nm (4I9/2→4F7/2+4S3/2), 804 nm (4I9/2→4F5/2+2H9/2) and 877 nm (4I9/2→4F3/2) have been observed. The emission spectra of glass were also investigated.
Evaluation of Furnaces Performance of Glass Factories in Thailand
Authors: Tapasa Kanit , Meechoowas Ekarat , Naknikham Usuma , Jitwatcharakomol Tepiwan
Published: July 2016

The objective of this project is to evaluate the energy consumption and the efficiency of glass melting furnaces using a thermodynamic principle and heat (energy) balance analysis. The approach can carry out more accurate result of wall losses than the direct temperature measurement at the furnace walls. Six furnaces from different factories in Thailand were studied. To construct the heat balance of glass furnace, the amount of heat for melting raw materials batch to glass melt (Hex), input energy (Hin) and the heat of content of offgas had to be known. The heat (energy) balance indicated the performance of glass furnaces in term of energy consumption.Glass furnace, Efficiency, Heat balance
Preparation and Characterization of LAS Glass Based Materials for Dental Applications
Authors: Barbi Silvia , Montorsi Monia , Mugoni Consuelo , Siligardi Cristina
Published: July 2016

Glass ceramic materials are widely used in dental application because of their strong similarity with natural teeth. In this study LAS glass ceramic/glass materials were prepared by glazing processing and characterized in terms of mechanical flexural strength. The selected glass ceramic support derives from an industrial process. Different glasses were applied to the glass ceramic support in order to investigate firstly their effect on the glass ceramic/glass interface and secondly how these structural changes are correlated to the flexural strength property. Different thermal cycles were applied to the glass ceramic in order to promote the increasing of mechanical flexural strength. Preliminary results clearly points out that the application of a glass on the support leads to the decrease of the flexural strength if compared to the materials without any coating applied.
Optical and Luminescence Properties of Dy3+ Doped in Soda Lime Borate Glasses
Authors: Ruengsri Suwimon , Srisittipokakun Nattapon , Zaman Falak , Rooh Gul , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study is to develop soda lime borate (SLB) doped with Dy3+ glass and investigate their optical and luminescence properties, for different applications in photonics and optoelectronics. The glass were melt by conventional melt quenching technique. Optical properties have been determined by measuring their absorption spectra and luminescence properties were studied by photo luminescence spectra. From optical absorption measurements, there are ten peaks with transition 6H15/2 to 6F11/2 + 6H9/2 at 1262 nm has higher spectral intensity and is a hypersensitive transition. As a result of 350 nm excitation the photoluminescence spectra have four peaks. Higher luminescence intensity peak was observed for 0.5 mol% Dy3+ doped SLB glass at 4F9/2 to 6H13/2 (575 nm). Hence it is suggest from the chromaticity results that SLB glasses with different Dy2O3 concentration may be a promising glass for white LED under 350 nm excitation wavelength. Further investigation is under way for the optimization of different dopend concentration in the SLB glass.
The Influence of Cu Content on the Mechanical Properties of Copper-Borate Glasses
Authors: Yao Zhao Yue , Houizot Patrick , Célarié Fabrice , Möncke Doris , Wondraczek Lothar , Rouxel Tanguy
Published: July 2016

We report on the mechanical properties of xCuO-(50-x)PbO-50B2O3 (x from 0 to 30 mol%) copper-lead-borate glasses. Their mechanical properties were investigated by the mechanical resonance technique and by the indentation measurement. The replacement of lead by copper improves the packing efficiency, and enhances the elastic moduli, hardness and the fracture toughness of glasses.
Radiation Shielding Properties of Bi2O3-Na2O-B2O3 of 662 keV
Authors: Cheewasukhanont Wasu , Boonin Kitipun , Limkitjaroenporn Pruittipol , Kaewkhao Jakrapong
Published: July 2016

The bismuth sodium borate glasses in formula xBi2O3:20Na2O:(80-x)B2O3 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 mol %) have been prepared by melt-quenching technique. The glass sample at x=0 mol% show the colorless and show the stronger yellow at the higher Bi2O3 content. The glasses’s colors are corespondening with the cutoff wavelength’s results. The shielding properties were measured at 662 keV by Cs-137 radiation source. The obtained results show that the mass attenuation coefficient increased with the increasing of Bi2O3 concentration. Half Value Layer (HVL) of glasses were determined and compared with the some standard shielding materials. The optical and physical properties were also investigated.
Morphological Studies on Microstructure of Thai Ancient Glass Beads
Authors: Buntem Radchada , McCarthy Blythe , Khaokhiew Chawalit
Published: July 2016

Various ancient glass beads in prehistorical - historical period (around 2500-1200 BP) from the collection of the Banraiprachasawan local museum (A. Pisalee, Nakhon Sawan) were studied to determine elemental compositions and morphologies using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM/EDX). The colors of the beads range from blue to red brown. From the EPMA data, all beads contain copper in the glass matrices. The SEM/EDX showed differences in the microstructures of the glass beads. The transparent blue, greenish blue and light green beads contain small particles of tin oxide while the opaque orange or red brown beads contain both copper oxide and tin oxide particles. The forms of copper oxide in the orange and red brown beads were proposed from previous work: Cu2O in the orange glass and copper metal in the red brown glass.
First supplement to the lichen checklist of South Africa
Authors: Ahti Teuvo , Mayrhofer Helmut , Schultz Matthias , Tehler Anders , Fryday Alan M.
Published: July 2016

Details are given of errors and additions to the recently published checklist of lichens reported from South Africa (Fryday 2015). The overall number of taxa reported from South Africa is increased by one, to 1751.
Mythology, Weltanschauung, symbolic universe and states of consciousness
Authors: Malan Gert
Published: July 2016

This article investigates whether different religious (mythological) worldviews can be described as alternative and altered states of consciousness (ASCs). Differences between conscious and unconscious motivations for behaviour are discussed before looking at ASCs, Weltanschauung and symbolic universes. Mythology can be described both as Weltanschauung and symbolic universe, functioning on all levels of consciousness. Different Weltanschauungen constitute alternative states of consciousness. Compared to secular worldviews, religious worldviews may be described as ASCs. Thanks to our globalised modern societies, the issue is even more complex, as alternate modernities lead to a symbolic multiverse, with individuals living in a social multiverse.Keyowrds: mythology; Weltanschauung; worldview; symbolic universe; states of consciousness; altered states of consciousness; alternative states of consciousness; symbolic multiverse; social multiverse
Die resepsie van retoriese momente van die Filemonbrief deur Patristiese eksegete
Authors: Tolmie D. Francois
Published: July 2016

The reception of rhetorical elements in the Letter to Philemon by Patristic exegetes. The aim of this study is to offer an overview of the way in which Patristic exegetes interpreted the rhetorical aspects of Paul’s Letter to Philemon. Although a rhetorical analysis of the letter was not the matter which interested them as such, one can still obtain a fairly good idea of the way in which they perceived such aspects by reading their explanations of this letter. Accordingly, the contributions of all the Patristic exegetes in this regard are studied systematically in this study. The interpretations of the letters by Ambrosiaster, Jerome, John Chrysostom, Pelagius, Theodore of Mopsuestia and Theodoret of Cyrus are investigated from this angle. In each case, the most important comments on Paul’s rhetorical strategy are identified and discussed.Keywords: Pauline Letters; Letter to Philemon; Rhetorical Analaysis; Patristic Exegetes
The Torah in Matthew: Still valid, yet to be interpreted alternatively
Authors: Viljoen Francois P.
Published: July 2016

It seems that Matthew intentionally emphasises the importance of the Torah for his community. He highlights Jesus’ high regard for the continuing validity of the Torah. However, he demonstrates that Jesus interpreted the Torah differently from Judaist groups of those times. The intention of this article is to demonstrate this significant role of the Torah in the first Gospel. It is argued that the Torah holds a central position in Matthew and that the Torah continues to remain valid, but that Jesus teaches and enacts an alternative interpretation of the Torah.Keywords: Torah, Law, Matthew, Sermon on the Mount
Drawings as imaginative expressions of philosophical ideas in a Grade 2 South African literacy classroom
Authors: Murris Karin S. , Thompson Robyn
Published: July 2016

This article reports on a philosophy for children (P4C) literacy project in a South African foundation phase classroom that introduces an important new focus in the P4C classroom: the visualisation of philosophical ideas provoked by the picture book The Big Ugly Monster and the Little Stone Rabbit (2004) by Chris Wormell, giving voice to young children’s own imaginative ideas and beliefs (in this case about death). This research shows how a particular use of the community of philosophical enquiry pedagogy combined with the making of drawings necessitates a rethinking of what ‘voice’ means. We conclude that the children’s drawings bring something new into existence, thereby offering unique material and discursive opportunities for all children, including those who otherwise might not have expressed their ideas.Keywords: Comprehension; emergent literacy; visual research; community of enquiry; philosophy with children; picturebooks; death; voice; inclusion; participation
Regulatory role of prolactin in paternal behavior in male parents
Authors: Hashemian F , Shafigh F , Roohi E
Published: July 2016

In all mammalian species, a combination of neuroendocrine and experiential factors contributes to the emergence of remarkable behavioral changes observed in parental behavior. Yet, our understanding of neuroendocrine bases of paternal behavior in humans is still preliminary and more research is needed in this area. In the present review, the authors summarized hormonal bases of paternal behavior in both human and nonhuman mammalian species and focused on studies on the regulatory role of prolactin in occurrence of paternal behavior. All peer-reviewed journal articles published before 2015 for each area discussed (parental brain, hormonal bases of maternal behavior, hormonal bases of paternal behavior and the role of prolactin in regulation of paternal behavior in nonhuman mammalian species, hormonal bases of paternal behavior and the role of prolactin in regulation of paternal behavior in humans) were searched by PubMed, Medline, and Scopus for original research and review articles. Publications between 1973 and 2015 were included. Similar to female parents, elevated prolactin levels in new fathers most probably contribute to child-caring behavior and facilitate behavioral and emotional states attributed to child care. Moreover, elevated parental prolactin levels after childbirth decrease the parents’ libidos so that they invest more in parental care than in fertility behavior. According to the available clinical studies, elevation in the amounts of prolactin levels after childbirth in male parents are probably associated with paternal behavior observed in humans.
Genomics era and complex disorders
Authors: Pranavchand R , Reddy BM
Published: July 2016

The Human Genome Project (HGP) has identified millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their association with several diseases, apart from successfully characterizing the Mendelian/monogenic diseases. However, the dissection of precise etiology of complex genetic disorders still poses a challenge for human geneticists. This review outlines the landmark results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with respect to major complex diseases - Coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and predominant cancers. A brief account on the current Indian scenario is also given. All the relevant publications till mid-2015 were accessed through web databases such as PubMed and Google. Several databases providing genetic information related to these diseases were tabulated and in particular, the list of the most significant SNPs identified through GWAS was made, which may be useful for designing studies in functional validation. Post-GWAS implications and emerging concepts such as epigenomics and pharmacogenomics were also discussed.
The relationship of postural body stability and severity of malocclusion
Authors: Arumugam Prasanna , Padmanabhan Sridevi , Chitharanjan Arun B.
Published: July 2016

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between postural body stability (static and dynamic) and malocclusions of varying severity and to find whether different skeletal patterns showed variation in postural body stability.

Materials and Methods

Seventy-five subjects were divided into three groups based on case complexity using ABO discrepancy index. Group A consisted of 25 subjects restricted to Class I skeletal base and an ABO score ≤10; Group B consisted of 25 subjects with either Class II or III skeletal base and an ABO score of 11–25; Group C consisted of 25 subjects with either Class II or III skeletal base and an ABO score >25. Postural body stability in both static and dynamic equilibrium was recorded using a computerized dynamic posturography. The average values were obtained for the scores obtained in each group and the data obtained wes subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test. A P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

In both static and dynamic conditions, postural body stability was inversely proportional to the severity of malocclusion. The assessment of the overall body score showed that subjects in Group A and Group B had acceptable postural stability and only subjects with Group C showed statistically significant lack of postural stability.

Conclusions

Our study showed that patients with malocclusion showed decreased stability and increased sway with increasing severity of malocclusion.
Tooth loss treatment in the anterior region: Autotransplantation of premolars and cryopreservation
Authors: Paulsen Hans Ulrik , Andreasen Jens Ove , Schwartz Ole
Published: July 2016

Avulsed and lost anterior teeth are common in young people. Using autotransplantation, it is possible to move problems in dental arches to regions where they are easier to solve orthodontically. Transplantation of premolars with three-quarter root formation or full root formation with wide open apical foramina provides the best prognosis for long-term survival. This article describes the use of autotransplantation and orthodontic treatment, together with cryopreservation, in connection with complicated trauma in the anterior region of an 8-year-old female child.
Simultaneous torquing, aligning and retraction spring: A three-dimensional approach for blocked out canines
Authors: Jain Abhay Kumar , Agarwal Sonahita , Warsi Faiz
Published: July 2016

Orthodontic management of a buccally blocked-out canine requires a substantial amount of bodily movement, which is difficult to perform because of its long and bulbous root. Even when orthodontic forces are applied in a desired direction, large hyalinized areas are created which impede the root movement. Palatal root torque is needed for the canine to increase the buccal bone thickness, decrease the risk of bone dehiscence and gingival recession. Closing loops generate a distal force along with an extrusive component which retracts the canine into the extraction space but lacks control on the torque of the canine. To overcome this limitation, this simultaneous torquing, aligning, and retraction spring was designed. It can be easily fabricated, activated at chairside for either simultaneous or sequential controlled three-dimensional tooth movements.
A Flexible Boundary Procedure for Hyperbolic Problems: Multiple Penalty Terms Applied in a Domain
Authors: Nordström Jan , Abbas Qaisar , Erickson Brittany A. , Frenander Hannes
Published: July 2016

A new weak boundary procedure for hyperbolic problems is presented. We consider high order finite difference operators of summation-by-parts form with weak boundary conditions and generalize that technique. The new boundary procedure is applied near boundaries in an extended domain where data is known. We show how to raise the order of accuracy of the scheme, how to modify the spectrum of the resulting operator and how to construct non-reflecting properties at the boundaries. The new boundary procedure is cheap, easy to implement and suitable for all numerical methods, not only finite difference methods, that employ weak boundary conditions. Numerical results that corroborate the analysis are presented.
Simulation of Inviscid Compressible Flows Using PDE Transform
Authors: Hu Langhua , Yang Siyang , Wei Guo-Wei
Published: July 2016

The solution of systems of hyperbolic conservation laws remains an interesting and challenging task due to the diversity of physical origins and complexity of the physical situations. The present work introduces the use of the partial differential equation (PDE) transform, paired with the Fourier pseudospectral method (FPM), as a new approach for hyperbolic conservation law problems. The PDE transform, based on the scheme of adaptive high order evolution PDEs, has recently been applied to decompose signals, images, surfaces and data to various target functional mode functions such as trend, edge, texture, feature, trait, noise, etc. Like wavelet transform, the PDE transform has controllable time-frequency localization and perfect reconstruction. A fast PDE transform implemented by the fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is introduced to avoid stability constraint of integrating high order PDEs. The parameters of the PDE transform are adaptively computed to optimize the weighted total variation during the time integration of conservation law equations. A variety of standard benchmark problems of hyperbolic conservation laws is employed to systematically validate the performance of the present PDE transform based FPM. The impact of two PDE transform parameters, i.e., the highest order and the propagation time, is carefully studied to deliver the best effect of suppressing Gibbs’ oscillations. The PDE orders of 2-6 are used for hyperbolic conservation laws of low oscillatory solutions, while the PDE orders of 8-12 are often required for problems involving highly oscillatory solutions, such as shock-entropy wave interactions. The present results are compared with those in the literature. It is found that the present approach not only works well for problems that favor low order shock capturing schemes, but also exhibits superb behavior for problems that require the use of high order shock capturing methods.