bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topical protection of mice laryngeal mucosa using the natural product cashew gum
Authors: Figueiredo Aline A. , Santana Ana P. M. , Nicolau Lucas A. D. , Batista‐Lima Francisco J. , Wong Deysi V. T. , Lucetti Larisse T. , Batista Gabriela L. P. , Caminha Natália A. , Medeiros Jand V. R. , Silva Durcilene A. , Leite José R. S. A. , Santos Armênio A. , Soares Pedro M. G. , Sifrim Daniel , Souza Marcellus H. L. P.
Published: October 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

Evaluate the effect of in vitro exposure of mice laryngeal mucosa to solutions that simulated human gastric juice and to assess the topical protective effect of cashew gum on mice laryngeal mucosal integrity in vitro.

Study Design

Animal study.

Methods

Murine (Swiss) laryngeal samples were mounted in Ussing chambers. The luminal side of biopsies was exposed to solutions of different acidity with or without pepsin and/or taurodeoxycholic acid (TDC). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was continuously recorded. The topical protective effect of cashew gum solution was evaluated by precoating the biopsies before the exposure with a solution at pH 5 containing 5 mM TDC. Changes in TER and mucosal permeability to fluorescein were measured.

Results

Exposure of laryngeal mucosa to acidic solutions containing pepsin and TDC provoked a pH‐dependent drop in TER with the maximal effect at pH 1, but still present at pH 5 (weakly acidic). The exposure of the laryngeal mucosa to a solution of pH 5 with TDC, but not with pepsin, produced a dose‐dependent decrease in TER. Precoating the mucosa with cashew gum prevented the reduction of TER and increased transepithelial permeability by exposure to a solution at pH5 containing TDC.

Conclusions

Weakly acidic solutions containing bile acids can produce impairment of laryngeal epithelial barrier, which may be protected by topical treatment with cashew gum.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 128:1157–1162, 2018
Deep oxygen penetration drives nitrification in intertidal beach sands
Authors: Schutte Charles A. , Wilson Alicia M. , Evans Tyler , Moore Willard S. , Joye Samantha B.
Published: October 2017

We discovered a hotspot of elevated nitrate concentration (median = 431 μM) in shallow beach pore water that extended across the entire length of two barrier islands in the southeastern United States of America. We investigated this feature by surveying groundwater geochemistry, measuring fluctuations in in situ dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations, modeling groundwater flow, and quantifying nitrification rates. Nitrification of groundwater ammonium was the only possible nitrate source, with a measured potential rate of 0.84 μmol m−2 h−1. However, the observed nitrate concentrations were far in excess of the predicted maximum achievable by aerobic nitrification assuming a 2 : 1 ratio of O : N and around 200 μM DO in air‐saturated seawater. Groundwater DO concentrations within the hotspot (65 cm depth) were consistently 20–50 μM. The nitrate hotspot was located at the top of the water table beneath dry, undersaturated sand that allowed the penetration of air and the dissolution of excess oxygen into the pore fluids. The total dissolved nitrogen concentration of the hotspot was higher than anywhere else on the island, indicating nitrogen accumulation within the hotspot, most likely via ammonium adsorption. Vertical dispersion was the dominant pathway for nitrate loss from the hotspot. This nitrate was consumed in underlying anoxic sand, coupling microbial pathways of nitrogen oxidation and reduction and removing bioavailable nitrogen from the beach ecosystem.
A note on equality in finite‐type arithmetic
Authors: van den Berg Benno
Published: October 2017

We present a version of arithmetic in all finite types based on a systematic use of an internally definable notion of observational equivalence for dealing with equalities at higher types. For this system both intensional and extensional models are possible, the deduction theorem holds and the soundness of the Dialectica interpretation is provable inside the system itself.
Wiman‐Valiron theory for higher dimensional polynomial Cauchy‐Riemann equations
Authors: De Almeida R. , Kraußhar R.S.
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we introduce different kinds of growth orders for the set of entire solutions to the most general framework of higher‐dimensional polynomial Cauchy‐Riemann equations
, where
is the hypercomplex Cauchy‐Riemann operator, λi are arbitrarily chosen nonzero complex constants, and ki are arbitrarily chosen positive integers. The core ingredient is a projection formula that establishes a relation to the ki‐monogenic component functions, which are null‐solutions to iterates of the Cauchy‐Riemann operator that we studied in earlier works. Furthermore, we briefly outline the analogies of the Lindelöf‐Pringsheim theorem in this context.
An evaluation of a pain education programme for physiotherapists in clinical practice
Authors: Monaghan Jenni , Adams Nicola , Fothergill Melissa
Published: October 2017

Objective

The present study evaluated the implementation and acceptability of a pain education programme delivered to physiotherapists in clinical practice.

Methods

A pre‐test/post‐test design with 10 physiotherapists was employed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for outcome measure data. Focus groups were carried out with seven physiotherapists within 1 month post‐intervention. These data were analysed using the framework approach.

Results

Ten musculoskeletal physiotherapists were recruited. It was possible to develop and deliver the intervention and this was found to be acceptable to physiotherapists within clinical practice. The study explored trends within outcome measures, and one was considered appropriate. The focus groups yielded three interlinked themes, which related to the impact of the programme: “providing a context for pain education”, “influence on aspects of the patient–therapist encounter” and “logistics of the education programme in clinical practice”.

Conclusions

A pain education programme delivered to physiotherapists in clinical practice was both possible to deliver and acceptable to participants. A key strength of the programme was the applicability to real‐life practice, which was valued by physiotherapists. While physiotherapists felt that pain neurophysiology education was important, they reported lacking confidence in implementing their pain neurophysiology knowledge with patients. Thus, more time is needed to focus on pain neurophysiology education, with the aim of increasing confidence with the application of this approach in clinical practice.
Translation of trustworthiness signals into factors for stakeholder value cocreation
Authors: Castro‐Martinez Marcelo P. , Jackson Paul R.
Published: October 2017

In this empirical paper, we contribute to this special issue on “The Marketing and Public Affairs of Sustainability” by addressing value creation, the raison d'être for the marketing scholarship, from a social sustainability perspective. Our evidence shows that during the interlinked practices of a focal organization and its external stakeholders, the practices from the former emit trustworthiness signals which translate into factors for stakeholder value for the latter, as precursor to stakeholder value cocreation or value destruction. Therefore, utility is not the result of an organization's decision‐making and actions but rather, it is shaped by these interlinked practices, moderated by each stakeholder group's dynamic reference state. We believe that our explanatory model, by showing that trustworthiness and stakeholder engagement are endogenous to value creation, is consistent with the view of corporate sustainability as a persuasive and effective organizational management idea.
Increased prescription rates of anxiolytics and hypnotics to survivors of cancer in childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood—A population‐based study
Authors: Johannsdottir Inga Maria , Loge Jon H. , Kiserud Cecilie E. , Karlstad Øystein , Skurtveit Svetlana
Published: October 2017

Background

Survivors of cancer diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or young adulthood (CAYACS) risk psychological morbidities later in life. The study compares prescription rates of anxiolytics and hypnotics among survivors to rates in age‐ and gender‐matched controls.

Procedures

The population‐based cohort included 5,341 cancer survivors, diagnosed ≤25 years of age during 1965–2000. For each survivor, three age‐ and gender‐matched controls were randomly selected from the general population. Data were identified from the Norwegian Cancer and Population registries and linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database. A Cox proportional hazard model was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of prescriptions during 2004–2012 to the survivors with controls as referents.

Results

Survivors had an increased risk of being prescribed anxiolytics with crude rates of 16.9/1,000 person years compared to 11.8/1,000 person years in controls (HR 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29–1.54). The relative risk was highest for survivors of neuroblastomas (HR 2.62; 95% CI 1.11–6.16), bone tumors (HR 2.00; 95% CI 1.26–3.18), and central nervous system tumors (HR 1.90; 95% CI 1.40–2.51). The risk of being prescribed hypnotics was increased with crude rates of 20.8/1,000 person years compared to 14.3/1,000 person years in controls (HR 1.44; 95% CI 1.32–1.56). The relative risk was highest for survivors of gastrointestinal tumors (HR 1.80; 95% CI 1.04–3.10), leukemias (HR 1.78; 95% CI 1.32–2.38), and soft tissue cancers (HR 1.70; 95% CI 1.09–2.64).

Conclusions

Certain groups of CAYACS have an increased risk for being prescribed anxiolytics or hypnotics compared to controls. Diagnostic reasons for prescriptions are unknown, but the results indicate an increased emotional burden among these groups of survivors.
Mixed mode morphology in elastomeric blend nanocomposites: Effect on vulcanization, thermal stability and solvent permeability
Authors: Zachariah Ajesh K. , Kumar Chandra Arup , Mohamed Pulikaparambil Kochaidrew , Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar , Thomas Sabu
Published: October 2017

The localization of organically modified nanoclays in chlorobutyl rubber (CIIR) and natural rubber (NR) blend system was carefully studied by following the vulcanization behaviour, morphology, thermal and solvent permeation characteristics. From the vulcanization studies, it was observed that incorporation of nanoclay platelets significantly affected the viscosity and vulcanization parameters such as cure time, scorch time, rate of cure and the degree of cure. Thermal analysis pointed out that the addition of nanoclay increased the thermal stability of the elastomer blends. The morphology of the blends indicated that the nanoclay platelets were localized at the interface and in both phases (mixed mode morphology) of elastomer blends and this affected the overall properties. The transport characteristics of NR/CIIR blend nanocomposites using toluene as the solvent were also studied. The transport parameters such as the equilibrium uptake, diffusion coefficient and the rate constant have been computed. The transport characteristics have been correlated with the microstructure of the blend nanocomposites. Finally, applied the Peppas–Sahlin model to fit the experimental diffusion data and the fitting was found to be reasonably good. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1659–E1668, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Antifouling behavior and separation performance of immobilized TiO2 in dual layer hollow fiber membranes
Authors: Dzinun Hazlini , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan , Ismail Ahmad F. , Puteh Mohd Hafiz , A. Rahman Mukhlis , Jaafar Juhana , Adrus Nadia , Hashim Nur Awanis
Published: October 2017

A set of titanium dioxide/polyvinylidene fluoride (TiO2/PVDF) dual layer hollow fiber (DLHF) membranes with various weight ratios (i.e., 0, 0.2. 0.5, 0.7, and 1) were prepared. This work investigated the effect of TiO2 loading and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation intensity toward the separation performance using nonylphenol (NP) solution as the model sample. The study showed that TiO2 nanoparticles were well distributed at the outer layer of DLHF membranes at lower concentration, but the particles were aggregated at higher concentration. The membrane with 0.2 TiO2/PVDF ratios showed uniform dispersion of TiO2 and consequently recorded excellent NP solution flux. In the presence of UV light, the activation of super hydrophilicity properties of TiO2 nanoparticles was improved and it was highly activated at higher energy, which results in the significant increase of NP solution flux. The results provide vital insights into the development of immobilized TiO2 in DLHF membranes and applications in water treatment. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1636–1643, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
The structure of glucose‐1‐phosphate thymidylyltransferase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals the location of an essential magnesium ion in the RmlA‐type enzymes
Authors: Brown Haley A. , Thoden James B. , Tipton Peter A. , Holden Hazel M.
Published: October 2017

Tuberculosis, caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, continues to be a major threat to populations worldwide. Whereas the disease is treatable, the drug regimen is arduous at best with the use of four antimicrobials over a six‐month period. There is clearly a pressing need for the development of new therapeutics. One potential target for structure‐based drug design is the enzyme RmlA, a glucose‐1‐phosphate thymidylyltransferase. This enzyme catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of l‐rhamnose, which is a deoxysugar critical for the integrity of the bacterium's cell wall. Here, we report the X‐ray structures of M. tuberculosis RmlA in complex with either dTTP or dTDP‐glucose to 1.6 Å and 1.85 Å resolution, respectively. In the RmlA/dTTP complex, two magnesium ions were observed binding to the nucleotide, both ligated in octahedral coordination spheres. In the RmlA/dTDP‐glucose complex, only a single magnesium ion was observed. Importantly, for RmlA‐type enzymes with known three‐dimensional structures, not one model shows the position of the magnesium ion bound to the nucleotide‐linked sugar. As such, this investigation represents the first direct observation of the manner in which a magnesium ion is coordinated to the RmlA product and thus has important ramifications for structure‐based drug design. In the past, molecular modeling procedures have been employed to derive a three‐dimensional model of the M. tuberculosis RmlA for drug design. The X‐ray structures presented herein provide a superior molecular scaffold for such endeavors in the treatment of one of the world's deadliest diseases.
Observation of Cosserat Elastic Effects in a Tetragonal Negative Poisson's Ratio Lattice
Authors: Rueger Z. , Li D. , Lakes R. S.
Published: October 2017

Size effects are explored experimentally in a tetragonal lattice structure. Size dependence of rigidity is nonclassical elastic and is interpreted via Cosserat elasticity. The characteristic lengths are about a third the cell size. The Cosserat characteristic length for torsion is mm. The characteristic length for bending is mm. The size effect in torsion was a factor 4.5 in rigidity. The ratio of characteristic length to cell size is larger than in fully stretch dominated lattices but smaller than in bend dominated honeycombs or foams.
Electron Spectrum of Graphene Macromolecule Revisited
Authors: Onipko Alexander , Malysheva Lyuba
Published: October 2017

We revisit the model of graphene as a π‐conjugated macromolecule (GMM) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 186806], and show that it allows us to understand the origin and describe, in many cases explicitly, the electronic structure of graphene sheets, achiral graphene ribbons and carbon tubes of any size, and additionally, achiral graphene rings and tori by using the exact solutions to the (derived previously) pair of equations slightly modified for the respective families of graphene derivatives. The exact expressions of dispersion relations for these structures are compared with the predictions of other related models demonstrating that GMM either suggests the exact versions of widely used approximations or shows their limited applicability. A complementing set of exact and approximate formulas is also added to the previously obtained results.
Formation of a coastal barrier jet in the Gulf of Mexico due to the interaction of cold fronts with theSierraMadreOriental mountain range
Authors: Luna‐Niño Rosa , Cavazos Tereza
Published: October 2017

The passage of three cold fronts (CFs) over the Gulf of Mexico was simulated with the Weather Research and Forecasting model to study the mechanisms associated with the formation of a jet parallel to the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMOr) mountain range near the port of Veracruz. Dew‐point temperature (Td= 20 °C) and available convective potential energy best simulated the horizontal propagation of the intenseCFsover the Gulf, and equivalent potential temperature helped identify the vertical position of the fronts. Additional simulations with reduced topography showed that mountain heights exceeding 2.5 km, where theSMOris closest to the coast, were crucial for the formation of a coastal barrier jet. The Froude number (Fr < 1) and the ageostrophic component of the wind at low levels were used to identify the formation of the jet; the Rossby radius of deformation determined its horizontal extent which was 81 km into the Gulf of Mexico in agreement with scatterometer winds during one of theCFs. The interaction of the northeasterly winds (known as Nortes) with the topography produced a blocking effect resulting in a stable region of cold air, a rain‐shadow and a coastal barrier jet of northwesterly direction, which generated strong cold air advection and subsidence in comparison with adjacent zones. The jet region appears as a minimum in the winter precipitation climatology indicating that the barrier jet is an important intraseasonal feature. In two of the case‐studies, maximum jet velocities reached those of a tropical storm (>18 m s−1) and occurred near the surface (<1 km above mean sea level), consistent with observations and similar to other barrier jets in the world. For the first time the jet near the port of Veracruz is documented as a coastal barrier jet. TheCFsalso produced strong Tehuano gap winds.
Recent Progress of Self‐Powered Sensing Systems for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Lou Zheng , Li La , Wang Lili , Shen Guozhen
Published: October 2017

Wearable/flexible electronic sensing systems are considered to be one of the key technologies in the next generation of smart personal electronics. To realize personal portable devices with mobile electronics application, i.e., wearable electronic sensors that can work sustainably and continuously without an external power supply are highly desired. The recent progress and advantages of wearable self‐powered electronic sensing systems for mobile or personal attachable health monitoring applications are presented. An overview of various types of wearable electronic sensors, including flexible tactile sensors, wearable image sensor array, biological and chemical sensor, temperature sensors, and multifunctional integrated sensing systems is provided. Self‐powered sensing systems with integrated energy units are then discussed, separated as energy harvesting self‐powered sensing systems, energy storage integrated sensing systems, and all‐in‐on integrated sensing systems. Finally, the future perspectives of self‐powered sensing systems for wearable electronics are discussed.
Comparative Study of Strain‐Dependent Structural Changes of Silkworm Silks: Insight into the Structural Origin of Strain‐Stiffening
Authors: Guo Chengchen , Zhang Jin , Wang Xungai , Nguyen Anh Tuan , Liu Xiang Yang , Kaplan David L.
Published: October 2017

Structure–property relationships of silk is an intriguing topic for silk‐based biomaterials research since these features are related to biomimicking the processing in natural silk fiber formation which results in excellent mechanical properties. Strain‐stiffening is common for spider silks and nonmulberry silkworm silks. However, the structural origin of strain‐stiffening remains unclear. In this paper, the strain‐dependent structural change of Antheraea pernyi silkworm silk is studied by X‐ray fiber diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy under stretching. Based on a combination of mechanical and structural analysis, the molecular origins of strain‐stiffening in A. pernyi silk were determined. The relatively high content of the β‐sheets within the amorphous domains in A. pernyi silk is responsible for strain‐stiffening, where “molecular spindles” enhance the extensibility and toughness of the fiber.
Designing Metallic and Insulating Nanocrystal Heterostructures to Fabricate Highly Sensitive and Solution Processed Strain Gauges for Wearable Sensors
Authors: Lee Woo Seok , Lee Seung‐Wook , Joh Hyungmok , Seong Mingi , Kim Haneun , Kang Min Su , Cho Ki‐Hyun , Sung Yun‐Mo , Oh Soong Ju
Published: October 2017

All‐solution processed, high‐performance wearable strain sensors are demonstrated using heterostructure nanocrystal (NC) solids. By incorporating insulating artificial atoms of CdSe quantum dot NCs into metallic artificial atoms of Au NC thin film matrix, metal–insulator heterostructures are designed. This hybrid structure results in a shift close to the percolation threshold, modifying the charge transport mechanism and enhancing sensitivity in accordance with the site percolation theory. The number of electrical pathways is also manipulated by creating nanocracks to further increase its sensitivity, inspired from the bond percolation theory. The combination of the two strategies achieves gauge factor up to 5045, the highest sensitivity recorded among NC‐based strain gauges. These strain sensors show high reliability, durability, frequency stability, and negligible hysteresis. The fundamental charge transport behavior of these NC solids is investigated and the combined site and bond percolation theory is developed to illuminate the origin of their enhanced sensitivity. Finally, all NC‐based and solution‐processed strain gauge sensor arrays are fabricated, which effectively measure the motion of each finger joint, the pulse of heart rate, and the movement of vocal cords of human. This work provides a pathway for designing low‐cost and high‐performance electronic skin or wearable devices.
2D Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived Nanocarbon Arrays for Substrate Enhancement in Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Ximeng , Guan Cao , Hu Yating , Zhang Lei , Elshahawy Abdelnaby M. , Wang John
Published: October 2017

Direct assembling of active materials on carbon cloth (CC) is a promising way to achieve flexible electrodes for energy storage. However, the overall surface area and electrical conductivity of such electrodes are usually limited. Herein, 2D metal–organic framework derived nanocarbon nanowall (MOFC) arrays are successfully developed on carbon cloth by a facile solution + carbonization process. Upon growth of the MOFC arrays, the sites for growth of the active materials are greatly increased, and the equivalent series resistance is decreased, which contribute to the enhancement of the bare CC substrate. After decorating ultrathin flakes of MnO2 and Bi2O3 on the flexible CC/MOFC substrate, the hierarchical electrode materials show an abrupt improvement of areal capacitances by around 50% and 100%, respectively, compared to those of the active materials on pristine carbon cloth. A flexible supercapacitor can be further assembled using two hierarchical electrodes, which demonstrates an energy density of 124.8 µWh cm−2 at the power density of 2.55 mW cm−2.
Parinari curatellifolia seed flavonoids protect against Triton‐induced dyslipidemia and atherogenicity in rats
Authors: Crown Olamide O. , Komolafe Titilope R. , Akinmoladun Afolabi C. , Olaleye Mary T. , Akindahunsi Afolabi A. , Boligon Aline A.
Published: October 2017

Aim

Parinari curatellifolia seed flavonoid extract (PFE) and crude methanol extract (PME) were investigated for their effects on Triton X‐100 (TRT; 200 mg/kg i.p.)‐induced dyslipidemia in rats.

Methods

Experimentally induced hyperlipidemic and un‐induced, normal rats were treated with nicotinic acid (300 mg/kg), PFE (20, 25, 30 mg/kg) or PME (100, 150 mg/kg) once daily by gavage for 10 days, following which the biochemistry and histology of the heart, aorta and sera were analyzed.

Results

The seed extracts produced slight decreases in serum activities of the cardiac markers creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, and did not perturb the cardiac antioxidant status of normal rats. TRT promoted cardiac oxidative stress, decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (75%, P < 0.001) and increased total cholesterol (TC; 97%, P < 0.001), triglycerides (138%, P < 0.001), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c; 281%, P < 0.001), coronary risk index (CRI; sixfold) and atherogenic risk index (ARI; 13‐fold). PFE (20 mg/kg) and PME (150 mg/kg), respectively, restored cardiac antioxidant status and significantly ameliorated the astronomical changes produced by TRT as regards TC (56% and 31%), triglycerides (70% and 66%), LDL‐c (96% and 46%), CRI (92% and 78%) and ARI (99% and 83%), with relatively better efficacy than the reference compound, nicotinic acid (P < 0.01/0.001). In addition, improved heart and aortic histological architecture was observed in rats treated with both extracts. On high‐performance liquid chromatography screening, kaempferol, rutin, and quercitrin were identified as some of the active phytochemicals in PFE.

Conclusion

P. curatellifolia seed flavonoids have remarkable anti‐hyperlipidemic and anti‐atherogenic effects in acute dyslipidemia caused by TRT.
Obtaining meteorological data from historical newspapers: La Integridad
Authors: Añel Juan A. , Sáenz Guadalupe , Ramírez‐González Ignacio A. , Polychroniadou Eleni , Vidal‐Mina Renán , Gimeno Luis , de la Torre Laura
Published: October 2017

The recovery of meteorological data from old documentary sources is of great significance for meteorological and weather research. We describe our recovery of a meteorological series from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century from the pioneering A Guarda Observatory in Galicia (Spain). Data series were obtained from meteorological notes appearing in the newspaper La Integridad as published at the time. In total, we recovered data from over 5000 newspapers using more than 60 000 individual measurements.

The recovered variables include temperature, pressure, wind, relative humidity, vapour pressure, evaporation, precipitation, and general weather observations. The recovered data allow us to obtain an overview of the weather for this period in the studied region, as well as to validate and complement other independent data sources and to investigate variations that could be related to anthropogenic climate change. The resulting data are now in digital format and have been released for the wider use of the international scientific community and the general public.

We also prove the reliability of meteorological forecasts published from time to time in the same newspaper using historical sea‐level pressure data. Finally, we introduce new ozone records reconstructed from the recovered data; these too have huge potential for future climatological and weather research.
An efficient method for isolating mating‐competent cells from bottom‐fermenting yeast using mating pheromone‐supersensitive mutants
Authors: Ota Taku , Kanai Keiko , Nishimura Hisami , Yoshida Satoshi , Yoshimoto Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Osamu
Published: October 2017

Crossbreeding is an effective approach to construct novel yeast strains with preferred characteristics; however, it is difficult to crossbreed strains of brewer's yeast, especially the bottom‐fermenting yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus, because of the relative inefficiency of the available methods to obtain mating‐competent cells (MCCs). Here, we describe a productive method for the isolation of MCCs without artificial genetic modification. We focused on the characteristics of two mating pheromone‐supersensitive mutants, Δbar1 and Δsst2, that show a growth defect in the presence of the mating pheromone. When MCCs secreting α‐factor and a‐factor were spotted on to a lawn of MATa Δbar1 and MATα Δsst2, a halo was observed around the respective MCCs. This plate assay was successful in identifying MCCs from bottom‐fermenting yeast strains. Furthermore, by selecting for cells that caused the growth defect in pheromone‐supersensitive cells on cultures plates, 40 α/α‐type and six a/a‐type meiotic segregants of bottom‐fermenting yeast strains were successfully isolated and crossed with tester strains to verify their mating type. This method of isolation is expected to be applicable to other industrial yeast strains, including wine, sake and distiller's yeasts, and will enable MCCs without genetic modifications to be obtained. As a result, it will be a useful tool for more convenient and efficient crossbreeding of industrial yeast strains that can be applied to practical brewing. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotic piezoelectric plate models in microstretch elasticity
Authors: Serpilli Michele
Published: October 2017

This paper is concerned with the formal deduction of piezoelectric plate models in microstretch elasticity, by means of an asymptotic analysis with respect to a small parameter ε, being the thickness of the plate. Two different boundary conditions pertaining to electric quantities are considered, leading to two different models: the sensor model and the actuator model, respectively. Each of the two plate problems turns out to be decoupled into a bending problem and a certain microstretch membrane problem, partially coupled with the electric behavior.
On deformation of porous plates
Authors: Lyapin A. A. , Vatulyan A. O.
Published: October 2017

Porous materials are widespread in different areas of technology, biology, medicine. Therefore, the study of mechanical behavior for different problems of poroelasticity is important. The present work is devoted to the development of a mathematical model for the deformation of porous plates. By completing this, the model of material with voids is used. To implement a plate behavior the plane stress and Kirchhoff hypotheses are introduced. Further realization is based on the variational principle, similar to the Lagrange one. As an example there constructed solutions for the cylindrical bending and in‐plane stretching problem of a porous plate. In addition, the bending problem in the case of a homogeneous disturbed surface load is analyzed in details with a demonstration of the boundary‐layer effect.
National Society of Genetic Counselors Code of Ethics: Explication of 2017 Revisions
Authors: Senter Leigha , Bennett Robin L. , Madeo Anne C. , Noblin Sarah , Ormond Kelly E. , Schneider Kami Wolfe , Swan Kelli , Virani Alice ,   The National Society of Genetic Counselors Code of Ethics Review Task Force (COERTF)
Published: October 2017

The Code of Ethics (COE) of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) was adopted in 1992 and was later revised and adopted in 2006. In 2016, the NSGC Code of Ethics Review Task Force (COERTF) was convened to review the COE. The COERTF reviewed ethical codes written by other professional organizations and suggested changes that would better reflect the current and evolving nature of the genetic counseling profession. The COERTF received input from the society's legal counsel, Board of Directors, and members‐at‐large. A revised COE was proposed to the membership and approved and adopted in April 2017. The revisions and rationale for each are presented.
Parent Perspectives of Support Received from Physicians and/or Genetic Counselors Following a Decision to Continue a Pregnancy with a Prenatal Diagnosis of Trisomy 13/18
Authors: Wallace Stephanie E. , Gilvary Sara , Smith Michael J. , Dolan Siobhan M.
Published: October 2017

Families that choose to continue a pregnancy with a prenatal diagnosis of Trisomy 13/18 are a minority that present unique challenges for those in charge of their care. This study investigated the extent to which these patients felt supported by their healthcare providers, and any differences in the perceived level of support experienced by those working with a physician versus those working with a genetic counselor. Two online support groups, SOFT and Hope for Trisomy, distributed an online survey to their members. Means, standard deviations and chi‐square analysis were calculated to describe their responses. One‐hundred fourteen surveys were included in the final analysis. Respondents were more likely to agree that genetic counselors provided unbiased information in a way that they understood, compared to physicians. Review of qualitative responses found that portrayal of Trisomy 13/18 by healthcare providers used directive language when describing the lethality, morbidity and burden of the condition. Language included terms such as “incompatible with life” and comments on burden to other family members. Healthcare providers can assist families that receive a prenatal diagnosis of Trisomy 13 or 18 by providing up‐to‐date written resources and connecting them with support groups for parents who have received a similar diagnosis. Our study found that involving genetic counselors in the prenatal care of these patients is likely beneficial.
Influence of abandoned cattle enclosures on plant assemblages and herbivory in a semi‐arid savanna
Authors: Chikorowondo Gift , Muvengwi Justice , Mbiba Monicah , Gandiwa Edson
Published: October 2017

In semi‐arid savannas, abandoned cattle (Bos taurus) enclosures or kraals have been demonstrated to be nutrient‐hotspots for large herbivores. In this study, we examined the interaction between herbivory and forage quality, structure and diversity at 12 kraals (abandoned for 22 years) paired with savanna control plots in Save Valley Conservancy, Zimbabwe. Plant diversity was not different between sites. Herbaceous cover was higher and woody species density lower on abandoned kraals than control plots. Furthermore, abandoned kraals had higher herbaceous productivity and foliar nutrient concentration for grasses than forbs. The abandoned kraals had higher concentration of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), organic carbon (C) compared with control plots and a slightly acidic pH. Grasses were grazed more than forbs on nutrient‐rich abandoned kraals. Only herbaceous biomass for grasses had a significant influence on the interaction between plants and herbivory. No clear relationships were observed between forage quality and herbivory and plant species diversity. Abandoned kraals provide patches of nutrient‐rich forage, increasing savanna heterogeneity and in turn influence grazing patterns of large herbivores, and therefore influence ecosystem functioning. A conservation monitoring programme is recommended on such nutrient‐rich patches as they serve as foraging‐hotspots for herbivores in a dystrophic African semi‐arid savanna.
Sex Differences in Blood HDL‐c, the Total Cholesterol/HDL‐c Ratio, and Palmitoleic Acid are Not Associated with Variants in Common Candidate Genes
Authors: Klingel Shannon L. , Roke Kaitlin , Hidalgo Bertha , Aslibekyan Stella , Straka Robert J. , An Ping , Province Michael A. , Hopkins Paul N. , Arnett Donna K. , Ordovas Jose M. , Lai Chao‐Qiang , Mutch David M.
Published: October 2017

Blood lipids are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Moreover, circulating lipid and fatty acid levels vary between men and women, and evidence demonstrates these traits may be influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Sex‐genotype interactions related to blood lipids and fatty acids have been poorly investigated and may help elucidate sex differences in CVD risk. The goal of this study was to investigate if the influence of SNPs previously associated with blood lipids and fatty acids varies in a sex‐specific manner. Lipids and fatty acids were measured in serum and red blood cells (RBC), respectively, in 94 adults (18–30 years) from the GONE FISHIN’ cohort and 118 age‐matched individuals from the GOLDN cohort. HDL‐c levels were higher and the total cholesterol/HDL‐c (TC/HDL‐c) ratio was lower in women versus men (p < 0.01). RBC palmitoleic acid and the stearoyl‐CoA desaturase index were both higher in women (p < 0.01). Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) pathway activity (estimated using the ratio of eicosapentaenoic acid/alpha‐linolenic acid) was higher in men (p < 0.01). The AA genotype for rs1800775 in CETP had a lower TC/HDL‐c ratio in men, but not women (pint = 0.03). Independent of sex, major alleles for rs174537 in FADS1 (GG) and rs3211956 in CD36 (TT) had higher arachidonic acid, lower dihomo‐γ‐linoleic acid, and a higher FADS1 activity compared to minor alleles. The current study showed that blood lipid and fatty acid levels vary between healthy young men and women, but that the observed sex differences are not associated with common variants in candidate lipid metabolism genes.
Religious Congregations’ Experiences with, Fears of, and Preparations for Crime: Results from a National Survey
Authors: Scheitle Christopher P.
Published: October 2017

Although anecdotal evidence suggests that crimes involving religious congregations are relatively common, data and research on congregations’ experiences with victimization, fears of victimization, and security preparations is sparse. This research note provides an overview of a new survey of over 1300 congregations that was focused on these issues. In addition to providing an introduction to the data, the note provides a descriptive overview of results with a particular focus on differences across religious traditions. Exterior vandalism is the most common crime experienced, with 19% of respondents reporting such an incident in the past year. Jewish and Muslim congregations report a higher rate of receiving threats and are more likely than respondents overall to report a perception that an experienced crime was hate-motivated. Jewish and Muslim congregations also report a higher level of fear of experiencing violent crimes and, overall, have adopted more security measures compared to respondents overall. The note concludes by outlining directions for future research expanding upon these initial patterns.
Derivation rings of Lie rings
Authors: Artemovych Orest D.
Published: October 2017

We establish some connections between Lie rings, their derivation rings and generalized derivations rings.
Back to Basics: Environmental Cleaning Hazards
Authors: Spruce Lisa
Published: October 2017

Perioperative personnel must clean and disinfect the perioperative environment numerous times throughout the day to help prevent the risk of exposing patients to pathogenic microorganisms. However, this practice exposes perioperative team members to chemicals that could be harmful to their health. Exposure to cleaning and disinfecting products has been associated with potential health problems such as skin irritation, burns, rashes, and difficulty breathing. This Back to Basics article offers strategies for perioperative team members to implement to decrease their risk of harmful exposure to these products.
Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity
Authors: Wadlund Diana L.
Published: October 2017

Local anesthetics are commonly used in the perioperative environment to facilitate surgical procedures or to provide postoperative pain management for patients. The use of local anesthetics, however, introduces the risk of complications resulting from local anesthetic systemic toxicity and the risks of increased morbidity and mortality for the surgical patient. Systemic toxicity from the injection or overdose of local anesthetics is a rare but potentially fatal complication that occurs in less than 1 in 1,000 patients. This article provides the perioperative nurse with information about local anesthetics, the signs and symptoms of local anesthetic systemic toxicity, and the information needed to manage a patient experiencing this complication.
Temporary Perioperative Tobacco Cessation: A Literature Review
Authors: Devlin Carol A. , Smeltzer Suzanne C.
Published: October 2017

Perioperative tobacco cessation decreases rates of surgical complications associated with the use of tobacco. The link between patient outcomes and reimbursement to health care providers and systems is another important motivating factor supporting temporary pre‐ and postoperative tobacco cessation to improve surgical patient outcomes. The optimal time frame for tobacco cessation to improve surgical outcomes has not been definitively established. We examined the literature from June 1989 to July 2017 regarding various tobacco cessation time frames for perioperative patients, searching MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), the Cochrane Collaboration, and various online‐only journals accessed through Google Scholar. We reviewed evidence from 15 studies that report wide variability in recommended time frames (eg, four to six months) for perioperative tobacco cessation.
The Impact of Class-Level Variables on the Effectiveness of a Middle School Social and Emotional Learning Program: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Coelho Vitor Alexandre , Sousa Vanda
Published: October 2017

This study investigated the impact of class-level variables on the effectiveness of a universal middle school social and emotional learning (SEL) program, as reported by students (7th to 9th grade) and their teachers. There were 746 participants (Mage = 13.38; SD = 1.36), comprising 576 in the intervention groups and 170 in the control groups. Results from both self- and teacher reports identified positive intervention gains in social awareness and self-control. According to both types of informants, rural school students benefitted more in social awareness, whereas teacher reports attributed bigger gains in social awareness to 7th- and 8th-graders. These results highlight the importance of class-level variables when analysing the effectiveness of SEL programs.
THURSDAY (DIES IOVIS) IN THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE
Authors: Bultrighini Ilaria
Published: October 2017

This paper discusses two scanty but complex groups of sources which seem to suggest that Thursday (dies Iovis, that is, Jupiter's Day in the Roman planetary seven-day week) was a day of rest in honour of Jupiter during the later imperial period: a number of ecclesiastical texts from late antique Gaul and Galicia, and three documentary papyri from Oxyrhynchus. The former imply that an unofficial observance of Jupiter's Day, as opposed to the Christian Lord's Day (Sunday), persisted among the populace despite Church opposition to such deviant behaviour. The latter hint at Thursday being a non-working day for official bureaux during the third and early fourth centuries, before the formalization of Sunday as an official day of rest by Constantine in 321. The paper concludes with reflections on the idea that during the later imperial period — as the use of the planetary week became increasingly popular — Thursday became the most important and sacred day in the Roman seven-day week by reason of being the day dedicated to the chief god of the Roman pantheon and, at the same time, the day associated with the astrologically favourable planet that had been named after Jupiter. If Thursday was ever a day of rest recurring on a hebdomadal basis during the later Roman Empire, it was presumably the Judaeo-Christian tradition of the Sabbath and the Lord's Day that provided pagans with the notion of a weekly feast day.
The rise of resilience after the financial crises: a case of neoliberalism rebooted?
Authors: Mckeown Anthony , Glenn John
Published: October 2017

This article critically examines recent works on resilience. In so doing, it argues that rather than representing some radical rupture with current practices heralding the dawn of a new era, as David Chandler claims, the emphasis on individuals as resilient subjects simply represents a new phase in the neoliberal shift from the state as provider to state as enabler and promoter of self-reliance. Indeed, our present preoccupation with complexity, uncertainty, and resilience can best be understood as reflecting the consequences of neoliberal policies Moreover, the article further argues that there is an attendant danger that resilience thinking may further promote neoliberal forms of governmentality and encourage a degree of political passivity. The emphasis on resilience is in danger of depoliticising highly political choices, shifting attention toward ex-post policies of survival and recovery rather than challenging the current economic order and resisting the further imposition of neoliberal policies on already beleaguered populations. This article therefore argues for shifting our emphasis towards a Foucauldian analysis of power and resistance.
Quality of care of treatment for uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition provided by lady health workers in Pakistan
Authors: Rogers Eleanor , Ali Muhammad , Fazal Shahid , Kumar Deepak , Guerrero Saul , Hussain Imtiaz , Soofi Sajid , Alvarez Morán Jose Luis
Published: October 2017

Objective

To assess the quality of care provided by lady health workers (LHW) managing cases of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the community.

Design

Cross-sectional quality-of-care study.

Setting

The feasibility of the implementation of screening and treatment for uncomplicated SAM in the community by LHW was tested in Sindh Province, Pakistan. An observational, clinical prospective multicentre cohort study compared the LHW-delivered care with the existing outpatient health facility model.

Subjects

LHW implementing treatment for uncomplicated SAM in the community.

Results

Oedema was diagnosed conducted correctly for 87·5 % of children; weight and mid upper-arm circumference were measured correctly for 60·0 % and 57·4 % of children, respectively. The appetite test was conducted correctly for 42·0 % of cases. Of all cases of SAM without complications assessed during the study, 68·0 % received the correct medical and nutrition treatment. The proportion of cases that received the correct medical and nutrition treatment and key counselling messages was 4·0 %.

Conclusions

This quality-of-care study supports existing evidence that LHW are able to identify uncomplicated SAM, and a majority can provide appropriate nutrition and medical treatment in the community. However, the findings also show that their ability to provide the complete package with an acceptable level of care is not assured. Additional evidence on the impact of supervision and training on the quality of SAM treatment and counselling provided by LHW to children with SAM is required. The study has also shown that, as in other sectors, it is essential that operational challenges are addressed in a timely manner and that implementers receive appropriate levels of support, if SAM is to be treated successfully in the community.