bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of a humanist aspect in the students patriotic education
Authors: Зимовина  , Zimovina Olga
Published: April 2013

Authors point of view of the students patriotic education in the universities from a position of humanization of education is based in this article. At the correlation of principle scheme of the component elements of the patriotic upbringing at the university and alteration which have take place at the personality it possibly to present the following manner: self cognition – self relation – self definition – self realization.
Organization of the modern educational process in higher education: innovative aspects
Authors: Кутеева  , Kuteeva Valentina
Published: April 2013

The article discusses the need for systemic changes in the educational process, the use of modern innovative technologies aimed at self-creation, self-construction student as an individual, as a professional.
Bachelor education: methological aspects
Authors: Артемьева  , Artemyeva Svetlana
Published: April 2013

The article will discuss the necessity of methodological bachelor training in process of his independent work, forming his methodological thinking in the course of his educational, research and practical activities.
Risk analysis of oil and gas projects: possible problems, approaches to solving
Authors: ������  , Demkin Igor , ������  , Lesnykh Valeriy
Published: April 2013

We consider the problems of scientific analysis and risk monitoring of oil and gas projects. The basic possible approaches to solve them are shown. Based on existing standards of risk management, as well as using personal practical experience of risk analysis of several major oil and gas projects, the authors concluded the feasibility of developing and implementing in the methodology of analysis and monitoring of project risks, based on the economic-mathematical modeling.
Between Illusion and Reality: Jia Zhangke’s Vision of Present-day China in The World
Authors: Shi Xiaoling
Published: April 2013

After filming a series of young and insignificant flaneurs strolling at the margin of cities, in The World , Jia Zhangke’s attention has focused on migrant workers, who seem to be the only subaltern that the mainstream discourse can tolerate. Among all the films Jia has so far
directed, The World is the only one that has passed the censorship of the Chinese government and has been allowed to be presented to the public. However, like his censored films, The World connotes Jia’s consistent derision of contemporary Chinese politics. Perhaps the censors are elated
by both the panoply shown on the stage of the World Park and the multicolored animation displayed on the screen, the brightness of which cannot be seen in Jia’s previous films. Yet, by juxtaposing the gay festivity of the park with the gloomy real life of migrant workers, Jia acutely
expresses a dismal view of present-day China: the Chinese think they are living in a modern society and believe that China has become a significant part of the international community; it is, however, just an illusion. Perhaps, more deplorably, in the course of chasing after the West, the
Chinese have lost sense of their culture.
Nostalgia, The Search For Japanese Identity, and Tora-san as Cultural Icon
Authors: Matoush Toby Leigh
Published: April 2013

The enormously popular It’s Tough Being A Man films iconized the search for a lost Japan and self-discovery through travel. Beloved by Japanese, the films played twice a year until the death of the hero, Tora-san. Cleverly manipulating the age-old conflict between giri (duty)
and ninjo (feelings), the films capitalized on the popular furusato (hometown) boom and the modern “westernized” Japanese attempt to recuperate a vanishing tradition. Was the Japanese culture portrayed symptomatic of “invented tradition?” What did the interplay between
travel and self-identity, periphery versus center, and madonna (beautiful, young woman) and travel signify?
Traces of Time in Traces of Love (2006): South Korean National History and the Time-Image
Authors: Martin-Jones David
Published: April 2013

This article examines the representation of time in the recent South Korean film Traces of Love (Gaeulro) (2006). Using an approach derived from Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy of cinema (and with particular reference to his idea of the time-image), it analyzes how the film’s
disrupted narrative time scheme examines recent national history. On several occasions, Traces of Love creates time-images that deliberately confuse events in the past and present. In this way, it explores the recent trauma of national economic collapse and its potentially stultifying effect
on the present state of the nation. The timeimage is integral to the film’s attempts to provide an upbeat message concerning South Korea’s future, a process in which the depiction of several sites of touristic beauty and national heritage are also crucial. Thus this article demonstrates
that, although Deleuze’s ideas are rarely applied to Asian cinemas, they are key to understanding the way Traces of Love manipulates narrative time to explore recent South Korean national history.
Cinema “Oriental”: Asian and Arab Films at the Cairo International Film Festival
Authors: Ciecko Anne
Published: April 2013

Cairo International Film Festival (CIFF), one of the oldest film festivals in the Middle East and on the African continent, is a fascinating and fascinatinglycomplicated institution in the cluttered international festival landscape, that includes younger and excessively wealthier upstarts
like Dubai International Film Festival. CIFF’s 30th installment in December 2006 presented and promoted commercial and arthouse-bound Arab films, while also demonstrating a commitment to celebrating world cinema more generally. The mainland Chinese film The Road , an earnest Cultural
Revolution love story directed by Zhang Jiarui, was showered with top film prize of the Golden Pyramid as well as acting awards for its leads: Zhang Jingchu (recently tapped by Hollywood for Rush Hour 3 ), Best Actress for her role as an exuberant ticket-taker, and Special Mention for Fan
Wei as an older bus conductor who becomes her husband.
Spectral Imaginings and National (Be)Longing in When the Tenth Month Comes and Spirits
Authors: Duong Lan
Published: April 2013

Dang Nhat Minh’s When the Tenth Month Comes (1984) revolves around a woman who safeguards her husband-in-law’s family from the fact of her husband’s death during Viet Nam’s war with Cambodia. Shot in black and white, its expressive qualities are translated on-screen
through the actors’ emotional gestures and facial expressions. The film invites spectators to experience alongside the female protagonist the processes of mourning that mark her character development and denouement within the narrative. On the other side of the spectrum, Spirits (2004)
is a film made by Vietnamese American Victor Vu. Filled with horrifying images of female ghosts, this film employs well-known Vietnamese American actors from Southern California to play the major leads. In fact, Vu has made several films that deal with the experiences of Vietnamese Americans.
Here, however, Vu changes the terrain entirely: he shoots his film in Santa Ana, California, yet sets his film in present-day Viet Nam within an abandoned haunted house. As I will argue, despite the setting, the imprint of a Vietnamese American sensibility limns the film’s frames both
in terms of its production and themes. What unites the two films is the suturing function that the ghosts perform for the characters in the films, making the protagonists conscious of the atrocities of the recent past. The notion of a recent temporality is key and provides the basis for the
films’ critiques; the ghosts are not hoary figures from long ago, but rather, they are reminders of the still-present horrors of the contemporary era. This essay interrogates the ideological effects and visual performances of the ghostly repressed as contemporary figurations of Vietnamese
imperialism and patriarchy
Women in Film in Cameroon: Thérèse Sita-Bella, Florence Ayisi, Oswalde Lewat and Josephine Ndagnou
Authors: Tchouaffé Olivier Jean
Published: April 2013

There is a dearth of African women in prominent roles in the media, particularly females who work as directors in the motion picture industry on the continent. For a woman to build up a significant career in the media industry, she has to navigate through the archetype of the film director
being a man’s privilege. This article, however, describes a political and socio-economical context in which the cinematic contribution of Cameroonian women is momentous. This is because of their relentless gaze and uncompromising self-introspection, probing the depth of their country’s
insecurities and dysfunctions. This cinematic effort has a resonating effect on the larger Cameroonian society because it expresses the buried resentments of people long imprisoned by the ambient mediocrity of their governing elite. Hence, what gives this cinema power is not so much the symbolic
order, but rather the ways in which this cinema formats real crises with narratives that evoke the police-state, the epidemic of political violence and the politicization of the judicial system. As such, Oswalde Lewat’s Black Business (2009) addresses narratives that evoke the police-state,
the epidemic of political violence and the politicization of the judicial system. Josephine N’dagnou follows up in Paris or Nothing (2009) with gritty tales of a country’s socio-political economy featuring a battered and depressed youth driven to economic exile and aggravating
issues of brain and muscle drain and de-facto condemning their country to perpetual underdevelopment. In response, Kim Longinotto and Florence Ayisi’s Sister-in-Law (2005) frames ordinary citizens’ access to law and a judicial system that is responsive to their needs. In aggregate,
these cinematic techniques are reflective of the experiences of ordinary Cameroonians coming to sense with their own political worth, which fits the general narrative of defiance against the normative and self-destructive design of a modern dictatorship. Taken together, this cinema anticipates
and propagates the decrepitude of this gratuitous and sterile form of domination
Towards an African women in cinema studies
Authors: Ellerson Beti
Published: April 2013

The focus of this article is the conceptualization of an approach to the study of African women in cinema, proposing tenets for constructing a historiography, developing a theoretical framework and formulating a feminist critic of African women’s cinematic practices, as well as
gendered representations as a whole. The article considers the extent that African transnational expression has influenced its makers from the very beginning of African cinema history. Avoiding reductive declarations of a monolithic African women in cinema studies, the article attempts to
discern key components that are representative of African women and their cinematic gaze
At the crossroads of tradition and modernity: raphael and the cultural politics of popular music in Spain
Authors: Wheeler Duncan
Published: April 2013

In the first academic article on Raphael, I attempt to counteract the Anglo-centric bias still prominent in much popular music studies by focusing on one of Spain’s most commercially successful music stars whose recording and touring career is now in its sixth decade. I begin
by examining how, in both musical and celebrity terms, Raphael came to simultaneously embody tradition and modernity in 1960s Spain. Then, in the second part, I explore his durability as a global superstar and locate his music and performance style within broader national and international
trends. This analysis is deployed to sketch an objective aesthetic and culturally sensitive response to a very subjective question: does Raphael warrant the veneration and/or contempt in which he has often been held?
Is there popular music out there?
Authors: Fabbri Franco
Published: April 2013

Is European popular music actually ‘popular music’? Of course it is, especially if we consider that the United Kingdom is part of Europe. But perhaps the question should be formulated as follows: ‘Is continental European popular music actually “popular music”?’
Yes, if we consider that the first conference on popular music research was held in Amsterdam and offered a number of papers on non-Anglophone popular music, that IASPM was established in Sweden, that its second conference (titled What is Popular Music?) was held in Italy, that many popular
music scholars are based in continental European countries, and many of them study their local genres and scenes. However, those genres and scenes are not called, in local languages, ‘popular music’, and only a semi-informal international convention made continental European scholars
adopt the English term for their object of study. On the other hand, there are also many signs that Anglophone scholars, when they use the expression ‘popular music’, tend to refer to Anglo-American popular music, and incline to call other popular musics ‘world music’.
Of course, the issue is not just about linguistic usage: in the article examples both from the media and the academia are commented, and their ideological implications are discussed.
Co-extraction and stripping behavior of trivalent actinides and fission products in N,N-di-2-ethylhexyl-N´,N´-dioctyl-diglycolamide
Authors: Ravi Jammu , Venkatesan K. A. , Antony M. P. , Srinivasan T. G. , Vasudeva Rao P. R.
Published: April 2013

A solution of 0.1 M N,N-di-2-ethylhexyl-N´,N´-di-octyl-3-oxa-1,5-diamide (DEHDODGA)-0.5 M N,N-dihexyloctanamide (DHOA) in n-dodecane has been evaluated for the separation of trivalent actinides from high-level liquid waste (HLLW). The extraction and stripping behaviour of Am(III) and other metal ions present in HLLW was studied. The distribution ratio of various metal ions was measured as a function of concentration of nitric acid and interfering ion. The extraction of metal ions decreased in the order M4+ ≥ M3+ ≫ M2+ ∼ MO2
2+ ≫ M+. The extraction of Am(III), Eu(III), Y(III), and Zr(IV) was quantitative. However, the distribution ratio of unwanted metal ions such as Fe(III), Co(II), Sb(III), Mn(II), and Cs(I) was negligible. The distribution ratios of Cd(II), Ru(III), Pd(II), Mo(VI), Cr(VI), Ba(II), Ni(II), and Sr(II) were not insignificant, but were quite low. The conditions needed for the quantitative recovery of trivalents from the loaded organic phase were optimized with the use of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-citric acid at pH 3 to facilitate the mutual separation of lanthanides-actinides in the subsequent step.
Thermodynamics of Micellization of Triton X-100 in Aqueous Glycine: Tensiometric and Ultrasonic Studies
Authors: Ali Anwar , Bhushan Vidiksha , Bidhuri Priyanka , Ansari Sana
Published: April 2013

Surface tension and compressibility behavior of
p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) phenoxypoly(oxyethylene glycol)
(Triton X-100, TX-100) in aqueous mixture of glycine (Gly) have
been studied at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15 K below and
above the micellar composition range. Critical micelle
concentration, cmc, of the surfactant TX-100 was obtained by
surface tension, γ, density, ρ,
and ultrasonic velocity, u, measurements at
different temperatures. From the surface tension data, the surface
excess concentration, Γ  max 

σ
, minimum area per molecule,
A  min , Gibbs free energy,
ΔG

mic

0,
enthalpy,
ΔH

mic

0,
and entropy,
ΔS

mic

0 of
micelle formation have been evaluated. Apparent molar adiabatic
compressibility, κ

ϕ
,
was calculated from density and ultrasonic velocity data. The
values of κ

ϕ
and
apparent molar adiabatic compressibility at infinite dilution,
κ

ϕ

0, in
the pre-micellar region and apparent molar compressibility upon
micellization,
Δκ

ϕ

m
,
were obtained. The observed cmc of TX-100 in aqueous glycine is
found to be smaller than its value in pure water. A comparison of
Γ  max 
σ

in aqueous glycine with that in pure water suggests higher
adsorption of TX-100 molecules at the air–liquid interface in the
former solvent than in the latter one. This was attributed to the
highly hydrophilic nature of glycine molecules, causing
dehydration of the surfactant molecules, thereby, facilitating the
adsorption of TX-100 molecules at the air–liquid interface in the
presence of glycine than in its absence. The calculated values of
the Gordon parameter, G
parameter,
suggest that aqueous glycine acts as a good solvent for the
micellization of TX-100 amphiphiles. Negative values of
ΔG

mic

0 and
ΔH

mic

0
indicate that the process of micellization of the surfactant is
spontaneous and exothermic. Moreover, higher values of
− TΔS

mic

0
than those of
ΔH

mic

0
truly endorse the view that micellization of TX-100 in aqueous
glycine is primarily governed by the entropy gain due to the
transfer of hydrophobic groups of the surfactant from the solvent
environment to the interior of the micelle. The trends in the
behavior of the compressibility parameters also endorse the
micellization of TX-100 in aqueous glycine.
A TT Dinucleotide with a Nonionic Silyl Backbone: Impact on Conformation and H-Bond Mediated Base Pairing as Studied by Low-Temperature NMR
Authors: Basílio Janke Eline M. , Weisz Klaus
Published: April 2013

A TSiT dinucleotide linked through a nonionic diisopropylsilyl backbone has been synthesized and studied for its self-association through base–base recognition together with a free thymidine nucleoside. To characterize hydrogen-bonded associates in more detail, NMR measurements were performed in a freonic solvent at temperatures as low as 113 K in the slow hydrogen bond exchange regime. For the thymidine, TT base pairs with both the 2- and 4-carbonyl engaged in hydrogen bonds to the imino proton were observed. Whereas hydrogen bonds to the O4 acceptor are stronger as evidenced by a more deshielded proton in the hydrogen bridge when compared to hydrogen bonds to the O2 acceptor, the latter is nevertheless slightly favored over O4 in the H-bond formation of TT base pairs. The diisopropylsilyl linkage of the TSiT dinucleotide has no significant impact on the geometry and strength of formed NH–O2 and NH–O4 hydrogen bonds indicating, that the silyl backbone does not compromise the alignment of bases and does not pose any restrictions to the cyclic hydrogen bond formation between thymidines of the two strands. However, NMR results point to an exclusive formation of TSiT duplexes with an antiparallel strand orientation.
Síndrome de Pyle com fragmentação cromossômica
Authors: Diament Aron J. , Wajntal Anita , Saldanha P. H.
Published: April 2013

É relatado o caso de uma paciente com síndrome de Pyle (displasia crâniometafisária), com sintomatologia de involução neuropsíquica, progressiva e sinais pirâmido-extrapiramidais. O estudo do cariótipo revelou a presença, em 12% das células, de fragmentação cromossômica, embora a análise da genealogia do propósito revelasse tratar-se de provável moléstia recessiva. São discutidas as hipóteses dos mecanismos da fragmentação cromossômica em tais eventualidades (moléstias recessivas), concluindo-se por provável fragmentação secundária no caso em questão.
Doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob: considerações clínicas, eletrencefalográficas e anatomopatológicas a propósito de uma caso
Authors: Sanvito Wilson Luiz , Negrisoli M. C.Bazzanelli , Guidugli Neto João , Duarte Maria Irma S. , Mello A. C. Paiva
Published: April 2013

É relatado um caso da doença de Creutzfeldt-Jakob cujo diagnóstico foi comprovado mediante estudo anátomo-patológico. São analisadas as diversas formas clínicas da doença e particular ênfase é dada aos aspectos eletrencefalográficos. No que respeita aos aspectos neuropatológicos é ressaltada a importância, para o diagnóstico, da presença de degeneração neuronal ao lado de hipertrofia da astroglia; o estado espongioso pode ocorrer em elevado número de casos. O paciente do presente registro, do sexo masculino, apresentou aos 52 anos de idade um quadro rapidamente evolutivo, caracterizado por instabilidade à marcha, mutismo, mioclonias generalizadas e coma vigil, vindo a falecer 5 meses após o início da doença. O estudo anátomo-patológico evidenciou lesões difusas nas regiões corticais, sub-corticais, no tronco do encéfalo e na medula espinhal, caracterizadas por degeneração neuronal, hipertrofia da astroglia e presença do estado espongioso.
Atividade lenta posterior: correlação eletro-clínica
Authors: Lins Salustiano Gomes
Published: April 2013

Inicialmente é feita breve exposição dos cinco principais tipos de atividade lenta posterior descritas na literatura eletrencefalográfica: variedade lenta do ritmo alfa, ritmo theta posterior, ondas lentas posteriores a 4 hertz, ritmo delta associado ao pequeno mal e ondas Pi. Em seguida o autor expõe seus achados, baseado num material clínico composto por 760 pacientes, colhidos ao acaso, dos dois sexos e com idades variáveis entre 5 e 24 anos. Excetuando a variedade lenta do ritmo alfa, um ou mais dos outros quatro grafo-elementos referidos foram observados em 131 destes pacientes (80 do sexo masculino e 51 do sexo feminino) pertencentes aos 3 primeiros grupos etários (5 a 19 anos). Sua predominância no sexo masculino não alcançou nível de significação estatística, mas a maior incidência nos grupos de menor idade foi significativa a 0,01. O ritmo theta posterior associou-se significativamente apenas a distúrbios de conduta com forte agressividade. Dos 131 casos referidos, 10 eram portadores de pequeno mal e destes, 5 apresentavam ritmo delta posterior (3 do sexo masculino e 2 do sexo feminino). Apenas em dois casos foi observado o ritmo lento posterior a 4 hertz, ambos com comemorativos de traumatismo craniano, seguido de distúrbios da conduta e agressividade.
Tratamento dos abscessos intracranianos por trepanopunção
Authors: Facure J. Jorge , Facure Nubor O. , Cruz Joaquim N. , Castro Luiz F.
Published: April 2013

São relatados os casos de 9 pacientes com abscessos intracranianos submetidos à aspiração. Apenas um paciente faleceu. Dois apresentaram seqüelas: um com hemiparesia e outro com convulsões focais. Em 5 casos foi feita cirurgia de urgência com alívio imediato da hipertensão intra-craniana.
Polirradiculoneurites de evolução prolongada: a propósito de dois casos corticóide-dependentes
Authors: Mello Antonio Rodrigues de , Mattos James Pitágoras de , Cavalcanti José Luiz de Sá
Published: April 2013

São relatados dois casos de polirradiculoneurite de evolução prolongada. O primeiro caracterizou-se por ser recidivante em dois episódios e, o segundo, crônico, marcado por exacerbações sucessivas. Nos dois casos estabeleceu-se córtico-dependência, sendo ambos considerados como variantes evolutivas da síndrome de Guillain-Barré-Strohl.
Reduction of spleen size in a child with Hyperreactive Malarious Splenomegaly (HMS) treated outside the Brazilian endemic area of malaria with only one course of quinine
Authors: Muniz-Junqueira Maria Imaculada , Moraes Mário A. P. , Marsden Philip Davis
Published: April 2013

We report the clinical picture, treatment and evolution of a child with hyperreactive malarious splenomegaly treated outside the endemic area of malaria. The patient presented gross splenomegaly, proceeded from an area where malaria is endemic, showed increased immunoglobulins levels, high antimalarial antibody titres and hepatic sinusoidal lymphocytosis. The child did not return to an area where malaria is endemic and showed a favorable response to only one course of quinine. The response of this patient to limited antimalarial therapy suggests the importance of reinfection with malaria in the development and maintenance of this syndrome.
Importância do método de obtenção das dejeções dos triatomíneos na avaliação da suscetibilidade triatomínica para Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Silva Ionizete Garcia da , Luquetti Alejandro Ostermayer , Silva Heloisa Helena Garcia da
Published: April 2013

Foi estudada a suscetibilidade de Dipetalogaster maximus, Rhodnius neglectus, R. prolixus, R. robustus, Triatoma infestans e T. rubrovaria ao Trypanosoma cruzi, através do xenodiagnóstico, em dois pacientes na fase aguda da doença de Chagas. Usaram-se como parâmetros o número de triatomíneos infectados e o número de tripanosomas excretados. A leitura do xenodiagnóstico foi realizada pelos métodos da compressão abdominal e o das dejeções espontâneas. Este foi mais eficiente que aquele, em relação ao número de T. cruzi por lâmina pelo teste de Wilcoxon. Em um dos pacientes, tendo como parâmetro o número de triatomíneos infectados, a suscetibilidade das espécies obedeceu a seguinte ordem: D. maximus e R. neglectus (100%), R. robustus (95%), R. prolixus e T. rubrovaria (90%) e T. infestans (857c). Nesse mesmo paciente, a suscetibilidade das espécies de triatomíneos, avaliada pelo número de T. cruzi excretados, usando-se a compressão abdominal, encontra-se na seguinte ordem: R. neglectus, R. prolixus, D. maximus eR. robustus, T. infestans eT. rubrovaria. Pelo método das dejeções espontâneas, a ordem foi: D. maximus e R. prolixus, T. rubrovaria, R. robustus,T. infestans e R. neglectus. No outro paciente, esse parâmetro, em ambas as técnicas de leitura, mostrou a mesma ordem de suscetibilidade (R. neglectus, T. rubrovaria e T. infestans), porém, o número de tripanosomas excretados foi significativamente maior pelo método das dejeções espontâneas.
Seletividade de herbicidas residuais ao feijão-comum durante o período inicial da fase vegetativa
Authors: Kalsing A. , Vidal R.A.
Published: April 2013

Avaliou-se neste trabalho a seletividade de herbicidas residuais, aplicados em doses crescentes, na condição de pré-emergência, sobre o crescimento do feijão-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) durante o início da fase vegetativa da cultura. O estudo foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso e com tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial, utilizando-se cinco repetições. O cultivar de feijão utilizado para avaliar os efeitos dos tratamentos foi o IPR Graúna. O fator A foi composto de cinco herbicidas de aplicação em pré-emergência do feijoeiro comum, e o fator B, de doses crescentes desses herbicidas. Os herbicidas foram alachlor, dimethenamid, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin e trifluralin, e as doses corresponderam a 0, 100, 150, 200 e 300% da dose máxima registrada para uso na cultura do feijão-comum. As variáveis avaliadas foram emergência de plântulas, intoxicação visual das plantas e massa seca das plantas, aos 05, 20 e 25 dias após a emergência, respectivamente. Alachlor não foi seletivo ao feijão-comum, ao passo que dimethenamid, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin e trifluralin o foram, quando aspergidos até a máxima dose registrada. O nível de seletividade dos herbicidas dimethenamid e S-metolachlor variou de acordo com a dose aplicada, enquanto o de pendimethalin e trifluralin não se modificou.
Use of herbicides on turfgrass
Authors: McElroy J.S. , Martins D.
Published: April 2013

In crop production, weeds must be controlled so as not to adversely affect crop yield and crop quality. Thus, a low level of weeds infesting a field, in most instances, is not a problem. Except in sod or seed production, turfgrass does not have a yield component. The value of turfgrass is its inherent aesthetic quality and usability. Aesthetic quality is the beauty and value that turfgrass adds to a managed landscape. Usability can be the durability of a sport field, trueness of golf putting green roll, or reduction in soil loss from water runoff or wind. Any weed presence in turfgrass can decrease the aesthetic quality and usability of turfgrass. Utilizing herbicides is the only way to completely control weeds in a turfgrass stand. While it is possible to reduce weed populations using cultural or mechanical management practices, it is impossible to completely eliminate weeds as can be accomplished with herbicides. This manuscript will review the major herbicides used in turfgrass in the United States with respect to their modes of action, herbicide family, and primary use in turfgrass.
Phytosociological surveys: tools for weed science?
Authors: Concenço G. , Tomazi M. , Correia I.V.T. , Santos S.A. , Galon L.
Published: April 2013

In simple terms, a phytosociological survey is a group of ecological evaluation methods whose aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of both the composition and distribution of plant species in a given plant community. To understand the applicability of phytosociological surveys for weed science, as well as their validity, their ecological basis should be understood and the most suitable ones need to be chosen, because cultivated fields present a relatively distinct group of selecting factors when compared to natural plant communities. For weed science, the following sequence of steps is proposed as the most suitable: (1) overall infestation; (2) phytosociological tables/graphs; (3) intra-characterization by diversity; (4) inter-characterization and grouping by cluster analysis. A summary of methods is established in order to assist Weed Science researchers through their steps into the realm of phytosociology.
Perfil calórico do leite pasteurizado no banco de leite humano de um hospital escola
Authors: Moraes Priscila Santa de , Oliveira Márcia Maria B. de , Dalmas José Carlos
Published: April 2013

OBJETIVO: Conhecer o perfil calórico e higiênico sanitário do leite humano do Banco de Leite Humano do Hospital Universitário de Londrina. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo transversal do levantamento de dados obtidos de fontes secundárias de registros dos exames de teor calórico, avaliado pelo crematócrito, e da titulação de acidez pelo método de Dornic do leite humano, coletado pelo Banco de Leite Humano do Hospital Universitário de Londrina. RESULTADOS: Entre 2006 e 2009, foram analisadas 30.846 amostras de leite humano de doadoras de várias localidades, totalizando 5.869L de leite coletado e distribuído. Deste leite humano pasteurizado, 53,5% foi classificado como hipocalórico (menos que 580kcal/L), 36,4% como calórico e 8,3% como hipercalórico (maior que 711kcal/L). De acordo com as várias localidades de origem dos leites, o Banco de Leite Humano de Londrina foi o local onde se observou uma maior quantidade de doação nas três classificações. Ao exame da titulação de acidez Dornic do leite humano coletado, encontrou-se 60,8% com valores entre 4,1º e 8,0º Dornic. CONCLUSÕES: Grande parte do leite coletado é hipocalórica e está própria para o consumo em relação ao perfil higiênico sanitário. É preciso intensificar a coleta deste alimento para atender à demanda de leite hipercalórico para os recém-nascidos prematuros.
Indicadores ambientais para áreas de preservação permanente
Authors: Freitas Eduardo P. , Moraes Jener F. L. de , Peche Filho Afonso , Storino Moisés
Published: April 2013

Apesar da conscientização pelas questões ambientais, existe uma crescente pressão sobre os recursos naturais. A análise do uso e da ocupação das terras é um ponto de partida para adequação do ambiente antrópico cuja capacidade de suporte é, portanto, fundamental para a criação de modelos de gestão. O trabalho trata de uma pesquisa que utiliza o geoprocessamento e a gestão de informações do uso e ocupação para estudos ambientais. O objetivo foi selecionar indicadores para gestão das Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) e aprimoramento do uso de informações para gestão ambiental. O estudo foi realizado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Jundiaí-Mirim, Jundiaí, SP; utilizaram-se os dados de um levantamento prévio das suas condições ambientais. A técnica empregada permitiu a seleção de oito indicadores que se mostraram capazes de caracterizar o estado das áreas avaliadas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que somente 44,6% da APP se encontram em conformidade com a legislação.
São Paulo e a Ideologia Higienista entre os séculos XIX e XX: a utopia da civilidade
Authors: Oliveira Sobrinho Afonso Soares de
Published: April 2013

No contexto da modernidade, situamos o período entre o final do Século XIX e início do XX, em São Paulo, mais precisamente nos primórdios da República, quando houve um processo de higiene e limpeza social, associado à pobreza e, ao mesmo tempo, a um desejo utópico de uma cidade limpa e saudável, como ideologia elitista.
Philodryas chamissonis (Reptilia: Squamata: Colubridae) preys on the arboreal marsupial Dromiciops gliroides (Mammalia: Microbiotheria: Microbiotheriidae)
Authors: Muñoz-Leal S. , Ardiles K. , Figueroa RA. , González-Acuña D.
Published: April 2013

Philodryas chamissonis, the Chilean long-tailed snake, is a diurnal predator mainly of Liolaemus lizards, but also of amphibians, birds, rodents and juvenile rabbits. Dromiciops gliroides (Colocolo opossum) is an arboreal marsupial endemic of temperate rainforest of southern South America. Little information is available about this marsupial's biology and ecology. Here we report the predation of one Colocolo opossum by an adult female P. chamissonis in a mixed Nothofagus forest, composed mainly by N. dombeyi, N. glauca and N. alpina trees, in the "Huemules de Niblinto" National Reserve, Nevados de Chillán, Chile. Since these two species have different activity and habitat use patterns, we discuss how this encounter may have occurred. Although it could just have been an opportunistic event, this finding provides insights into the different components of food chains in forest ecosystems of Chile.
Potencial de economia de energia elétrica em edificações comerciais híbridas localizadas em Florianópolis, SC
Authors: Rupp Ricardo Forgiarini , Ghisi Enedir
Published: April 2013

A ventilação natural baseada em aberturas nas fachadas tem sua aplicabilidade limitada pelas características do clima, local e tipo de edificação, mas pode ser potencializada por meio da ventilação híbrida (ventilação natural e mecânica). O objetivo deste artigo é estimar o potencial de economia de energia elétrica com a utilização da ventilação híbrida em edifícios comerciais localizados em Florianópolis, SC. Como modelos de ambiente foram utilizadas salas com diferentes geometrias e tamanhos, em quatro orientações e com dez dimensões de janela por ambiente. Cada modelo foi estudado por dois casos: um caso-base em que se operou somente com sistema de ar condicionado; e um caso em que se aplicou a ventilação híbrida. As simulações termoenergéticas foram realizadas no programa EnergyPlus, utilizando-se do arquivo climático de Florianópolis TRY. A partir dos resultados das simulações obteve-se o consumo anual de eletricidade de cada ambiente. Os consumos do caso-base foram comparados com os do caso com ventilação híbrida. Desse modo, calcularam-se as porcentagens de economia de energia geradas pelo uso da ventilação híbrida. Além disso, foi realizada uma análise de alternativas de comportamento do usuário com relação aos padrões de uso da ventilação híbrida. A estratégia híbrida de ventilação apresentou uma significativa economia de energia, chegando-se a uma redução de consumo total de energia de até 31,9%. Porém, em que pese este potencial de economia de energia, é provável que os usuários possam se sentir insatisfeitos em determinados dias quentes, nos quais o sistema de ar condicionado é desligado em algum momento.
Competitive interactions among zoanthids (cnidaria: zoanthidae) in an intertidal zone of northeastern Brazil
Authors: Rabelo Emanuelle Fontenele , Soares Marcelo de Oliveira , Matthews-Cascon Helena
Published: April 2013

Sessile organisms that live in consolidated substrates frequently compete for space. Coral species have many strategies to face this competition, including harming their opponents or hindering their growth. In the present study, the competitive interactions between three species of zoanthids were investigated in the intertidal zone of a sandstone reef environment in northeastern Brazil. The competitive abilities of the three species were evaluated by periodic observation of the natural fringes of contact and experimental evaluation of their growth rate through removal of 100 cm² of colonies of each species. Palythoa caribaeorum and Zoanthus sociatus had similar growth rates, and both species grew faster than Protopalythoa variabilis. The recolonization strategy seems to differ among species. The contact fringes between P. caribaeorum and Z. sociatus remained unchanged over time, without any type of aggressive interaction between them, suggesting that stand-off was the strategy used by these organisms. Palythoa caribaeorum and Z. sociatus grew among the polyps of P. variabilis, often killing its colonies. The coexistence of zoanthids reveals a capacity for survival in the face of competition for limited resources such as free substrate, which led to the colonization and establishment of zoanthids in intertidal environments.
Excesso de adiposidade corporal em adolescentes: associação com fatores sociodemográficos e aptidão física
Authors: Silva Diego Augusto Santos , Nascimento Thales Boaventura Rachid , Silva Adelson Fernandes da , Glaner Maria Fátima
Published: April 2013

Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência e os fatores sociodemográficos e de aptidão física associados à adiposidade corporal elevada (ACE) em adolescentes de Januária-MG, Brasil. A amostra foi de 266 rapazes e 361 moças (15,47±1,06 anos). A adiposidade foi estimada pelo somatório das dobras cutâneas tricipital e subescapular. As variáveis independentes foram: zona de domicílio (rural e urbana); idade (14-15 e 16-17); nível econômico (alto, médio e baixo); aptidão aeróbia, flexibilidade e resistência muscular (adequada e inadequada). Nos rapazes, 13,91% apresentaram ACE, com maior somatório de dobras cutâneas sendo observado nos residentes da zona urbana (p<0,05). Nas moças, 33,24% apresentara ACE, sendo que aquelas com 16-17 anos e de nível econômico mais baixo apresentaram maiores valores de somatório de dobras cutâneas (p<0,05). A ACE associou-se, apenas nos rapazes, a zona urbana e à resistência abdominal inadequada (p<0,05). Assim, em comparação as moças, os rapazes parecem ser mais vulneráveis aos fatores ambientais.
Proteção catódica de estruturas de concreto
Authors: Araujo A. , Panossian Z. , Lourenço Z.
Published: April 2013

A adoção de técnicas de proteção às estruturas do concreto é recomendada quando há preocupação com a corrosão das armaduras de aço-carbono. Dentre as principais técnicas, destaque-se a proteção catódica que pode tanto evitar a corrosão prematura como diminuir um processo corrosivo em curso. No exterior, a técnica de proteção catódica tem sido aplicada em vários tipos de estruturas de concreto, especialmente nas sujeitas à corrosão pelo ataque de íons cloreto. No Brasil, essa técnica é pouco usada em estruturas de concreto, o que decorre, em parte, do desconhecimento sobre o seu princípio de funcionamento e da ausência de sistemas disponíveis para aplicação ao concreto (armado ou protendido). O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o princípio da proteção catódica para estruturas com armaduras de aço-carbono novas ou já em processo de corrosão. Os métodos de proteção catódica por corrente impressa e por anodo de sacrifício são discutidos. Um caso prático com uso de proteção catódica por corrente impressa, também, é apresentado.
Diversidade sexual e educação: desafios para a formação docente
Authors: Altmann Helena
Published: April 2013

O artigo aborda a temática da diversidade sexual a partir das suas relações com a educação e suas implicações na formação docente no Brasil. A constituição da diversidade sexual como um tema educacional está ligada ao combate da homofobia, tendo sido precedida de outros focos de atenção, como o onanismo, as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, a aids, e a gravidez na adolescência. Sua percepção como problemas sociais justificou sua inserção nas escolas, que têm sido incumbidas de participar da administração da sexualidade. Tais relações entre sexualidade, diversidade sexual e práticas educativas demarcam limites e possibilidades para a formação profissional, espaço em que estes temas são inseridos com menos frequência do que na educação básica.
Uma nova espécie e novos nomes em Piper seção Ottonia (Piperaceae) para o Sudeste do Brasil
Authors: Guimarães Elsie Franklin , Carvalho-Silva Micheline
Published: April 2013

Uma nova espécie de Piper L. pertencente à seção Ottonia (Spreng.) Tebbs - Piper rio-docense E.F. Guim. & M. Carvalho-Silva encontrada no Parque Estadual do Rio Doce é descrita e ilustrada. A espécie é endêmica para o estado de Minas Gerais, muito característica, especialmente pela suas folhas buladas e providas de tricomas. Nomes novos para duas espécies que se encontravam inseridas no gênero Ottonia Sprengel são apresentados: Piper carautensei E.F. Guim. & M. Carvalho-Silva e Piper duartei E.F. Guim. & M. Carvalho-Silva. Ottonia vilosa var. minensis Guimarães constituiu um novo sinônimo
Riqueza e endemismo de espécies de Baptistonia (Orchidaceae), no Brasil
Authors: Chiron Guy R.
Published: April 2013

O endemismo e a riqueza das espécies são medidas complementares da biodiversidade e atributos úteis para uma definição eficaz de áreas de preservação. Estes atributos são aqui aplicados à FlorestaAtlântica brasileira, baseados em um grupo de orquídeas endêmicas deste bioma, o gênero Baptistonia. A análise da riqueza revela uma região particularmente rica (a Serra do Castelo, ES) e seis outras regiões ricas. Três destas regiões apresentam índice de endemismo superior a 1. Oito áreas prioritárias para conservação são definidas. Relações hierárquicas de endemismo entre estas áreas são avaliadas com base em análise de parcimônia de endemicidade. Do conjunto destas relações e da hipótese filogenêtica do gênero Baptistonia deduz-se que a origem deste gênero se situa na Serra do Catelo. Além do mais, esta análise confirma a existência de dois grandes centros de endemismo na zona ecológica sul da Mata Atlântica.
Mechanisms of selection: Phenotypic differences among genotypes explain patterns of selection in a dominant species
Authors: Avolio Meghan L. , Smith Melinda D.
Published: April 2013

Predicted changes in precipitation means and variability are expected to alter genotype composition of plant populations; however, it remains unclear whether selection will be for trait differences among genotypes or phenotypic plasticity. This is especially true for more variable precipitation patterns that simultaneously alter soil moisture means and variability. In a previous study we found that a decade of more variable growing‐season precipitation patterns changed the genotypic composition of a dominant C4 grass population (Andropogon gerardii) in native tallgrass prairie located in northeastern Kansas. Here, we assessed potential mechanisms underlying the changes observed in population structure of this species by studying how changes in both the size and variability of watering events affected ecophysiological, growth, biomass‐allocation, and fitness traits of five common genotypes of A. gerardii in a greenhouse experiment. Three of these genotypes had greater abundances or were only present in field plots receiving 10 years of greater intra‐annual variability in growing‐season precipitation patterns. In a fully factorial experiment, we subjected the five genotypes to three water amounts (average for Kansan study site, a 40% decrease, and a 60% increase) and two watering frequency treatments (every 5 or 10 days) to produce differences in soil moisture amount and variability, respectively. We found genotype × water amount interactions for traits related to leaf‐level physiology and biomass allocation; in many cases genotypes that performed better under low soil moisture conditions were outperformed by other genotypes under high soil moisture conditions. For the three genotypes that had greater abundance in field plots that received more variable precipitation patterns, we found evidence that genotypes differed in their allocation to above‐ vs. belowground biomass, demonstrating phenotypic trait divergence. Our results suggest that a genetically diverse population can have enough trait variation among genotypes for adaptation to occur, and thus, for dominant species, microevolution may be an important aspect of adaptation to changing environmental conditions.
One hundred and six years of population and community dynamics of Sonoran Desert Laboratory perennials
Authors: Rodriguez-Buritica Susana , Raichle Helen , Webb Robert H. , Turner Raymond M. , Venable Larry
Published: April 2013

This data set constitutes all information associated with the Spalding‐Shreve permanent vegetation plots from 1906 through 2012, which is the longest‐running plant monitoring program in the world. The program consists of detailed maps of all Sonoran Desert perennial plants in 30 permanent plots located on Tumamoc Hill, near Tucson, Arizona, USA. Most of these plots are 10 m × 10 m quadrats that were established by Volney Spalding and Forrest Shreve between 1906 and 1928. Analyses derived from these data have been pivotal in testing early theories on plant community succession, plant life history traits, plant longevity, and population dynamics. One of the major contributions of this data set is the species‐specific demographic traits that derived from estimating individual plant trajectories for more than 106 years. Further use of these data might shed light on spatially explicit population and community dynamics, as well as long‐term changes attributable to global change.

Data presented here consist of digital versions of original maps created between 1906 and 1984 and digital data from recent censuses between 1993 and 2012. Attributes associated with these maps include location and coverage of all shrubs, and in some cases, plant height. In addition, we present plot‐specific summaries of plant cover and density for each census year and all other information collected, including seedling counts, grass coverage, and annual species enumerations. We reference the repeat photography of these plots, which began in 1906; these images are stored at the Desert Laboratory Collection of Repeat Photography in Tucson. Initial data collection consisted of grid‐mapping the plots manually on graph paper; starting in 1993, Total Stations (which allow a direct digitalization, and more accurate mapping) were used to survey root crowns and canopies.
Threats to an ecosystem service: pressures on pollinators
Authors: Vanbergen Adam J , the Insect Pollinators Initiative
Published: April 2013

Insect pollinators of crops and wild plants are under threat globally and their decline or loss could have profound economic and environmental consequences. Here, we argue that multiple anthropogenic pressures – including land‐use intensification, climate change, and the spread of alien species and diseases – are primarily responsible for insect‐pollinator declines. We show that a complex interplay between pressures (eg lack of food sources, diseases, and pesticides) and biological processes (eg species dispersal and interactions) at a range of scales (from genes to ecosystems) underpins the general decline in insect‐pollinator populations. Interdisciplinary research on the nature and impacts of these interactions will be needed if human food security and ecosystem function are to be preserved. We highlight key areas that require research focus and outline some practical steps to alleviate the pressures on pollinators and the pollination services they deliver to wild and crop plants.