bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bilateral relations between Peru and Russia in the 21st century: a Peruvian perspective
Authors: Adins S.
Published: May 2022

Since the beginning of the 21st century, Russia has tried to regain its status as a great power in world politics, leaving behind its ideological profile that characterized it during the Soviet era. Although it is true that Russian influence in Latin America is still far from reaching the levels of the United States, the European Union or China, Moscow has recently managed to increase its presence in the region. In turn, Peru aspires to position itself as an “emerging regional power”, with an important economic projection towards Asia-Pacific, although maintaining – for now – its strategic alignment with the West. After describing the main milestones of the historical relationship between Peru and Russia –as an empire, a Soviet republic and a post-Soviet republic –, this article seeks to identify the dynamics, as well as the main dimensions of the bilateral relationship in the 21st century. It concludes that, with the exception of the historical supply of Russian weapons to Peru, the links between the two states have been of a relatively low intensity, as a result of Peru’s international identity, convergent with theWest; a generally unfavorable and/or erroneous image of Russia among the country’s elites; as well as the economizing trend in its contemporary foreign policy.
About GaDS and PJGD
Authors: Alam Prof. Minhaj
Published: May 2022

PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD) is a peer-reviewed interdisciplinary journal of Jimma University that publishes editorials, research articles, book reviews, commentaries, and notes. PJGD offers a platform of expression of new scientific inquiries to intellectuals of the world in general and Africa & Ethiopia, in particular, to reflect on how governance and development can be promoted, strengthened, and consolidated. The biannual edition is published in February and August of each year. This is APC Free Journal.
Strategi Pengembangan Usahatani Nenas Di Desa Doda Kecamatan Kinovaro Kabupaten Sigi
Authors: Hatmi Wira
Published: May 2022

Strategi Pengembangan Usahatani Nenas di Desa Doda Kecamatan Kinovaro Kabupaten Sigi“ Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Untuk mengetahui besarnya pendapatan usahatani nenas di Desa Doda Kecamatan Kinovaro Kabupaten Sigi 2). Menentukan strategi pengembangan usahatani nenas di Desa Doda Kecamatan Kinovaro Kabupaten Sigi. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah Petani nenas  berjumlah 30 Orang., Metode pengambialn sampel dilakukan secara secara sengaja (purposive sampling). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, kuesioner, dan Focus group discussion   (FGD). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis pendapatan dan untuk menentukan strategi pengembangan usahatani nenas digunakan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan analisis pendapatan diperoleh tingkat pendapatan petani nenas sebesar Rp. 3.546.420/ha/MP. Kemudian untuk  penentuan strategi pengembangannya adalah WO (Weaknesis – Opportunities) mendukung strategi turnaround dengan rumusan strategi 1). Memberikan penyuluhan kepada petani tentang peningkatan produksi nenas. 2) Memberikan pelatihan keterampilan dalam mengelola nenas menjadi produk olahan. 3) Meningkatkan pemasaran dengan mengandalkan letak Desa Doda yang strategis. 4) Meningkatkan kwalitas buah nenas dalam memenuhi permintaan pasar. 5) Melakukan pemeliharaan tanaman secara intensif untuk meningkatkan produksi nenas . Implementasinya dalam bentuk program yang dapat diterapkan adalah 1). Penerapan teknologi budidaya usahatani nenas untuk memaksimalkan produksi. 2). Memaksimalkan penggunaan lahan untuk memperluas usahatani. 3). Meningkatkan nilai tambah buah nenas. 4) Memperlancar transportasi Pedesaan. 5). Meningkatkan sarana dan prasarana jalan, 6).  Penerapan teknologi pra panen dan paska panen. 7) Bekerja sama dengan Perguruan Tinggi melakukan penelitian untuk mendapatkan varietas nenas yang unggul. 8). Pemeliharaan tanaman yang sesuai dengan SOP (Standar Prosedur Oprasional). 9). Rehabilitasi/Peremajaan tanaman nenas yang sudah tidak produktif.
Efektivitas Sosialisasi terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Penyuluh Pertanian tentang PermenpanRB 35/2020 di Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan
Authors: Ishak Andi , Budiyono Sidiq , Sudamansyah  , Emlan Fauzi , Jhon Firison , Harwi Kusnadi
Published: May 2022

Pemahaman penyuluh pertanian tentang peraturan jabatan fungsional merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam pelaksanaan tugas dan peningkatan karier. Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Republik Indonesia Nomor 35 Tahun 2020 (PermenpanRB 35/2020) tentang Jabatan Fungsional Penyuluh Pertanian merupakan peraturan terbaru yang belum banyak tersosialisasikan kepada penyuluh pertanian di daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas sosialisasi terhadap tingkat pengetahuan penyuluh pertanian di Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan tentang PermenpanRB 35/2020 tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei yang melibatkan 15 orang penyuluh pertanian Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan sebagai responden pada bulan Desember 2021. Analisis data menggunakan uji-t berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan penyuluh meningkat rata-rata dari 74,44 menjadi 88,00 pada skala pengukuran 0-100 atau meningkat 13,56% akibat adanya sosialisasi. Peningkatan pengetahuan ini bernilai signifikan pada level α=0,05 yang mengindikasikan bahwa sosialisasi PermenpanRB 35/2020 efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan penyuluh pertanian di Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan. Oleh karena itu, disarankan agar sosialisasi tentang PermenpanRB 35/2020 dilanjutkan di tingkat Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian di kecamatan agar dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan penyuluh lapangan tentang aturan ini.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Padi Petani Desa Sungai Solok Kecamatan Kuala Kampar Kabupaten Pelalawan
Authors: Laksamana Hariy , Kurniati Era
Published: May 2022

Desa Sungai Solok merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan Kuala Kampar, memiliki luas 6.851 Ha yang menempati posisi kedua penghasil padi di Kabupaten Pelalawan. Memiliki potensi yang cukup besar untuk peningkatan produksi padi akan tetapi masih belum optimal yang diakibatkan oleh beberapa faktor, sehingga perlunya diketahui seberapa besar pengaruhnya terhadap produksi padi. Maka perlu dilakukan studi lebih lanjut untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat produksi padi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode penelitian kualitatif maupun secara  kuantitatif. Sesuai dengan permasalahan yang dikemukakan maka fokus penelitian ditekankan pada faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil produksi yaitu : usia, tingkat pendidikan, luas lahan, status kepemilikan lahan dan pemanfaatan kemajuan teknologi komunikasi. Teknik pengumpulan dan pengolahan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui  Observasi/pengamatan, dan wawancara. Sedangkan teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Berdasarkan penelitian ini faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi padi di Desa Sungai Solok, Kecamatan Kuala Kampar yang berpengaruh signifikan yaitu luas lahan, sedangkan yang tidak berpengaruh yaitu usia, pendidikan, status kepemilikan, dan pemanfaatan teknologi komunikasi oleh petani.
The franciscans and the meditation on the theme of the passion: the case of the Vitis Mystica by Bonaventura di Bagnoregio
Authors: Alessandri Andrea
Published: May 2022

The meditation on the theme of the Passion occupies a prominent place regarding the considerations and the texts of Franciscan authors, especially thanks to the revolutionary figure of Francis and his stigmas and also thanks to the rework of the spiritual and salvific contents provided by Bonaventure. By analysing the history, formation, and contents of this Passionsliteratur, particular attention will be paid to the text of the Vitis mystica by Bonaventure of Bagnoregio, providing new perspectives on the critical-textual problems that have always characterised it.
A Legenda beate Barbare Virginis et Martiris do legendário abreviado de Juan Gil de Zamora (XIII-XIV)
Authors: Lopes Frazão da Silva Andréia Cristina
Published: May 2022

Durante o medievo floresceu o culto a Santa Bárbara. A partir do século xiii o seu culto difundiu-se na Península Ibérica e os primeiros textos sobre a santa começaram a circular na região. Dentre os primeiros, encontra-se o capítulo dedicado à mártir que compõe o legendário abreviado organizado pelo franciscano Juan Gil de Zamora em fins do século xiii. O artigo apresenta as conclusões da análise, em perspectiva historiográfica, desta narrativa, discutindo as motivações contextuais para sua inclusão no legendário egidiano. É proposto que a composição da Legenda Beate Barbare Virginis et Martiris por Juan Gil se associou às tradições que recepcionou, sua atuação como franciscano, sua formação escolar, os propósitos da redação do legendário abreviado, seus relacionamentos e compromissos pessoais e institucionais e por eventos do contexto em que viveu.
El bisbe Hug de Llupià, la Mare de Déu i Jaume I
Authors: Granell Sales Francesc
Published: May 2022

L’article examina la implicació del bisbe Hug de Llupià, àlies Bages (1397-1427), en la promoció del patrimoni artístic de la catedral de València a través de les figures de la Mare de Déu i del rei Jaume I. D’una banda, s’analitza la miniatura del foli 6r del Liber instrumentorum (Arxiu de la Catedral de València, Ms. 162) i els paral lelismes que aquesta obra estableix amb determinades imatges marianes. La devoció mariana del bisbe es constatava en un grup d’obres elaborades per destres artesans, que convé relacionar-les amb la defensa del dogma de la Immaculada Concepció. D’una altra, es comenta el document que certifica l’exposició de les armes de Jaume I –l’escut, l’esperó i el fre del cavall– a la capella major de la catedral. L’exhibició d’aquests objectes en el presbiteri representava la proclamació de la memòria del rei en el context espacial preeminent de la seu.
El renovado arte de la miniatura toledana a principios del siglo XVI: Francisco de Comontes y el Evangeliario de Tavera
Authors: Moraleda  Moraleda Jaime
Published: May 2022

La miniatura castellana vivió un notable proceso de transformación desde principios del siglo XVI. Un conjunto de evidencias estéticas anunciaba la permeabilidad de nuevos modelos decorativos all’antica, particularmente expresados en aquellos volúmenes elaborados para las élites del reino y las principales sedes episcopales. La Catedral de Toledo gozaba por aquellos años de un protagonismo cultural y económico que le permitió abanderar abundantes ejercicios de renovación, a lo que contribuyeron pintores foráneos y locales, entre los que destacamos a Francisco de Comontes por su aportación, poco conocida, a la miniatura toledana de principios del Quinientos. De igual modo, la labor de mecenazgo de los prelados toledanos consolidó durante las primeras décadas de la centuria la constante adaptación del patrimonio capitular al contexto artístico europeo, en particular a las nuevas corrientes procedentes de los territorios italianos. Al hilo de los nuevos programas decorativos, se forjó la elaboración del Evangeliario de Toledo, encargado bajo el episcopado del cardenal Juan Pardo Tavera (1534-1545) y conservado en el Archivo Capitular de la seo primada (ms. 56.11), en el que empiezan a disiparse las pautas de influjo flamenco que, hasta la fecha, habían protagonizado el arte de la miniatura castellana.
Cofradías sacramentales a principios del siglo XVI como reflejo de la devoción eucarística tardomedieval
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez David
Published: May 2022

A lo largo de la Edad Moderna, fueron innumerables las agrupaciones de devotos del Santísimo Sacramento que surgieron en Europa y América, como resultado del imperante espíritu contrarreformista. En este artículo se da a conocer el origen, características y evolución de las cofradías del Corpus Christi en las primeras décadas del siglo XVI, a partir de las particularidades de la devoción eucarística de los últimos siglos de la Edad Media. Para ello se analiza el papel desempeñado por Teresa Enríquez, como fundadora de un nuevo modelo de congregación, y se hace referencia a la importancia de estas cofradías como promotoras artísticas.
Términos, textos y contextos de una polémica vital: lecturas e interpretaciones entrecruzadas de Miguel Servet y Juan Calvino
Authors: Gómez Rabal Ana
Published: May 2022

Los dos personajes cuyo nombre se lee en el título del presente trabajo, Miguel Servet y Juan Calvino, al que se debe añadir un tercer nombre –Sebastián Castelio (en francés, Sébastien Châteillon o Castellion), fueron contemporáneos, se conocieron, se trataron e intercambiaron textos: sus propios textos –los escritos por ellos mismos– y sus interpretaciones –las que realizaron de los textos debidos a los otros dos–. Nuestra intención es mostrar cómo, en esos escritos, se refleja el pensamiento y el modo de actuación de cada uno con respecto a un hecho concreto: la muerte como castigo, la defensa o la crítica de que la muerte pueda ser un grado en la escala de punición de un pecado, de un error, de una falta. Sin perder esa perspectiva, la práctica filológica se erige, para ellos, no solo en un método de trabajo, sino en un compromiso vital. Algunos de los términos y de las expresiones empleados en la polémica surgida entre Servet, Calvino y Castelio resultan especialmente significativos, y no es fruto del azar que sean conservados o no en las citas cruzadas y en las exposiciones que sirven de contexto.
Science Technology Engineering Arts Mathematics (STEAM) Approach for Learning Science in Junior High School
Authors: Kismawardani Arum , Tukiran  , Hariyono Eko
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine how the application of the STEAM approach to science learning in junior high school. The research was conducted by giving questionnaires to science subject teachers at the junior high school level in Surabaya, Sidoarjo, and several surrounding areas. Based on the results of the questionnaire given to the science teacher, it showed that 72% of the STEAM approach had been understood by the science teacher, 12% said they did not understand the STEAM approach and the remaining 16% answered doubtfully whether they understood the STEAM approach in science learning. However, only about 50% of science teachers who understand carry out learning using the STEAM approach. As many as 28% stated the lack of supporting articles for implementing the STEAM approach. Another result stated that 56% of teachers had difficulty in referencing learning tools with the STEAM approach which had to be adapted to school conditions and another 16% needed training to apply the STEAM approach to be applied in learning. Based on the results obtained, the largest percentage needed by teachers to help implement science learning using the STEAM approach is the need for learning tools. Therefore, STEAM-based learning tools really need to be developed, especially for the science teaching and learning process.
Management of Christian Character Education Curriculum Based on Dormitory Abdi-Allah Theological College Trawas-Mojokerto
Authors: Woenardi Thinna Naftali , Supratno Haris , Mudjito
Published: May 2022

Abdi Theological College Trawas-Mojokerto or abbreviated as STTIAA Trawas, is a higher education institution that is engaged in preparing its graduates to become spiritual leaders in several churches. This research aims to understand and deepen the symptoms of a group of students at STTIAA Trawas related to their character while staying on campus. This is a social phenomenon as well as a problem related to the individual human being. Second, this research uses a theoretical framework that can shape or influence the study being researched. This research uses a qualitative design.  Based on the research background, the research focus is generally stated: (1) The boarding-based Christian character education curriculum at Abdi-Allah Theological College Trawas-Mojokerto; and (2) The implementation strategy for the hostel-based Christian character education curriculum at the Abdi-Allah Theology College Trawas-Mojokerto. So that, the conclusions of this research remarks 1) The management of Christian character education curriculum that influences Dormitory Abdi Theological High School Trawas-Mojokerto are: Holiness (85.42% good), Love (82.17% good), and Commitment (71.83% good). Thus, the students’ lifestyle based on dormitory dominated by Holiness, Love, and Commitment is significant; 2) The management of Christian character education curriculum can affect the students’ lifestyle based on dormitory in which character transmission occurs without competition among group members as follows (a) Moral knowing, (b) Moral feeling, (c) Moral behavior.
The Potency of Social Constructivism on Classroom Productivity in Universities
Authors: Bunmi Isaiah Omodan
Published: May 2022

Various indications, including literature, have confirmed that university classrooms are still mostly inactive and undemocratic, dominated by instructors and lecturers. That is, little or no atmosphere is created for the student to be a socially active participant in generating knowledge which appears to have affected their sociality in the university and their lives after their university education. Some university lecturers still use a traditional or a systematic colonized way of teaching. This study responded by proposing unabridged Social Constructivism (SC) to create socially active university students towards becoming productive and active citizens. This was done by answering a general question: How can SC be projected in the university classroom to create active and productive students? This study was located within a transformative paradigm in order to transform students’ inactiveness in the process of generating knowledge. Conceptual analysis was used to design the study. This was done within the principle of thematic analysis by arranging SC's assumptions into themes and making sense of them. The study thus presents that SC possesses the acumen to assist lecturers in ensuring that their classrooms are socially active towards student productivity both in the schools and in the field of work.
Las Tecnologías Digitales de la Información y Comunicación en la Educación
Authors: Carranza Guevara Luis Ángel
Published: May 2022

El presente artículo de análisis documental tiene como objetivo principal, analizar las tecnologías de información y comunicación, así como también de las competencias digitales en el contexto actual. Las diferentes fuentes de búsqueda, se alcanzó a recopilar información ya sea dentro de revistas indexadas, tal es el caso de Scielo, Medisur, International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, entre otros. En donde se pudo sustentar que el constante cambio por vivir en un mundo globalizado genera gran esperanza y expectación de las más recientes tecnologías y sus diversos usos las cuales han producido trascendentes consecuencias en la comunidad, y es dentro del campo educativo donde existen exigencias que intentan tapar sus implicancias. En primera instancia, se busca reconocer la perspectiva teórica acerca de los diversos significados y conceptos respecto a las tecnologías de información y las aptitudes o destrezas digitales. Aportando con datos acerca de atributos que corresponden a lo vinculado con las tecnologías de información y destrezas digitales. Luego, se muestran cierta información que ayudan a brindar nuevos puntos de vista, tales como la importancia, consecuencias en la educación. Por último, se reconocen una diversidad de expectativas respecto a las vertientes que se desarrollarían en relación con ese importante tema
PRODAJA DIGITALNOG SADRŽAJA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Mićović Miodrag
Published: May 2022

The article outlines the rules contained in the Directive 2019/770/EU on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and digital services. These rules regulate issues related to the supply and conformity of digital content and digital services, the liability of the trader and the consumer’s remedies for the failure to supply and for the lack of conformity, the trader's right to redress against third parties and the right to modify the digital content or digital service. As this Directive complements Directive 2019/771/EU applicable to contracts for the sale of goods, the paper highlights the differences that exist in regulating the circulation of intangible (digital content) and tangible goods.
OBAVEZE OSIGURAVAČA IZ UGOVORA O OSIGURANjU
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Miladinović Zoran
Published: May 2022

In most civil law or commercial contracts, the contracting parties assume their responsibilities, that is their obligations come into effect upon signing the contract. However, there are some type of contracts, where law foresees certain responsibilities of the contracting parties before signing the contract. An insurance contract is a typical contract where the legislator prescribes certain obligations of future contracting parties before signing the contract. In that context, we can speak about the insurer’s obligations before signing the contract, during its lifetime and at the moment of the accident covered by the insurance contract. All these obligations have their specific weight and are defined by legal provisions and insurance terms and conditions, regardless the fact we are speaking about the legal or voluntary insurance, that is whether it is property insurance, personal insurance or liability insurance. Basically, the insurer’s responsibilities are related to the obligations of the insured, who, by paying his insurance premiums as the price of the risk, expects certain security from signing an insurance contract.
UGOVORI O OSIGURANjU ŽIVOTA ZA SLUČAJ SMRTI
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Glušac Danijela
Published: May 2022

The manner in which the insurer's obligations are fulfilled and the rights under the life insurance contract depend on which event in the life of the insured is covered by the insurance. The most famous and oldest insurance is the assurance contract payable at death. The article essentially emphasis that the new ones are constantly created according to the needs of life. The assurance contract payable at death in the event of death concludes that upon the death of the insured person (insurance contractor or other person), the insurer would pay the insured person the agreed insured amount of insurance. Unlike the Republic of Serbia, where life insurance has almost died in the last decade, it is very widespread in economically developed countries and can be generally accepted. Hereinafter, given the complexity of the subject matter and respecting article size limit, will be presented the main specificities of this contract.
O TERMINU „AQUARII“ U FRONTINOVOM DELU „DE AQUIS URBIS ROMAE“
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Vladetić Srđan
Published: May 2022

In his peace "De Aquis Urbis Romae" on several places, Frontin mentions term aquarii. This termhas been used to mark the members of the water supply service. They have been mentioned in the parts of text where he writes about measures for measuring water usage and sizes of water pipes or aqueduct's capacity. Particularly he mentions them in the parts of text dedicated to the problems of losing the water due to stealing or other misconducts. However, some other sources and texts are giving some other meaning to this term, so this work will be dedicated to determining on which groups of persons this term is related to.
MEDICINSKE USLUGE PRILAGOĐAVANjA POLA I OSTVARIVANjE PRAVA NA RODNI IDENTITET
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Vlašković Veljko
Published: May 2022

The right to recognition of gender identity was recognised to transgender persons in 2002 by well-known decision of the European Court of Human Rights in case Goodwin v United Kingdom. Thus, the Court established positive obligation on all Contracting States to enable legal recognition of preferred gender in cases of transsexuality. It was left to national legislations to decide what requirements are necessary for legal recognition of preferred gender. Establishing the right to gender identity means also to determine the court or administrative authority with jurisdiction to make decisions that are legal grounds for changing of gender data in birth records. However, national legislations of Contracting States differ greatly from one country to another in many issues concerning enforcement of the right to gender identity. Those issues refer primarily to gender recognition requirements and legal effects of decision on recognition of preferred gender. The focus in this paper will be on the need of taking certain medical services as requirements for legal change of sex in the birth records. Special attention will be paid to the latest amendments of the domestic legislation on registers of civil status, as well as recent case law of the European Court of Human Rights in case A.P., Garçon and Nicot v. France from 2017.
Radiofrequency Ablation for Lower Limb Pain
Authors:   Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Fadaei MD, Mahsa
Published: May 2022

Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) can be used to remove or change unwanted elements. Radiofrequency (RF) has been treating various pain-producing components for over 50 years. However, not all pain syndromes have been treated with it because of understanding or technical limitations. This review paper will focus on how RFA is used to treat lower limb pain for new indications. Lower Extremity PainPost- surgery pain: herniorrhaphy, cesarean section, appendectomy, Pudendal neuralgia, Recalcitrant neuropathic pelvic pain, Meralgia paresthetica. Knee Pain Syndromes: Subchondral insufficiency fractures of the knee, Knee osteoarthritis Ankle Pain Syndromes: Achilles tendinosis, Insertional Achilles tendinosis.
Assessment of functional ability by anthropometric and physiological parameters during six-minute walk test in healthy children
Authors: Khalid Maria , Arshad Hafsah , Kiyani Sania Khawar , Batool Fouzia , Zainab Saad  , Aleena Hameed
Published: May 2022

Objective: To assess the functional ability and vitals of young children using six-minute walk test.
Method: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 at public and private schools of Rawalpindi and Islamabad after approval from the ethics review committee of Riphah College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Westridge Campus Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised healthy children aged 7-12 years who were subjected to the six-minute walk test according to standardised guidelines. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements, distance walked in six minutes, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and rate of perceived exertion were the outcome variables. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.
Results: Of the 376 subjects, 225(59.8%) were boys and 151(40.2%) were girls. The mean age of the sample was 9.25±1.64 years. Mean distance covered by the children was 482.63±119.76 metres. Public school students performed better than those studying in private schools (p=0.001). The difference in gender terms was non-significant (p=0.926). Significant difference was observed in mean heart rate and respiratory rate post-walk (p<0.05). There was a weak positive correlation of the test with age and height (p<0.001), but not with weight, gender and body mass index (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The level of functional ability of the young students improved with age and was better among those studying at public schools. Besides, anthropometric and physiological parameters influenced the text performance.
Key Words: Children, Six-minute walk test, Heart rate, Perceived exertion.
Xanomeline and Trospium: Potential substitute for conventional antipsychotics
Authors: Aziz Nashit Irfan , Khan Nida Rahman , Hafiz Muhammad Yusuf
Published: May 2022

Dear Madam, Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness with a global prevalence of 24 million people (1). With paucity of researches mounting the exact prevalence of schizophrenia in Pakistan, the treatment of this illness becomes even harder to combat. This condition is typically managed with antipsychotics, which work by blocking the D2 dopamine receptors but recent advances in research also suggest that the muscarinic cholinergic system is also involved in its pathophysiology (2). The drug Xanomeline is an oral muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist that activates M1 and M4 receptors. Xanomeline however causes side effects like vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea, sweating and hypersalivation. To bypass these effects, Trospium was added, which acts by blocking peripheral muscarinic cholinergic receptors. (3, 4). To observe the reduction of psychosis in schizophrenics, a double-blinded clinical trial was done with promising results: reduction of both, positive and negative symptoms of Schizophrenia, good tolerance and no evidence of weight gain (4). Side effects included constipation, nausea, dry mouth, dyspepsia, and vomiting although the incidence of these effects reduced over the course of the trial. However, there is a dearth of research when it comes to comparison of this combination drug (called KARXT) with the usual antipsychotics. Therefore, further research regarding the safety of KARXT, and its efficacy needs to be explored for potential amelioration of symptoms. Moreover, studies comparing the efficacy of this drug with the commonly used antipsychotics need to be explored in order to effectively assess the advantage and potential replacement benefits of this drug.
Isolation of Antibodies from breast milk as A cure to Covid-19
Authors: Omer Ahmed Shaikh  , Shaikh Gulrukh , Aftab Rameel Muhammad
Published: May 2022

Dear Editor,
The current Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first identified around the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China and was declared a global pandemic by WHO a few months after, in March 2020. Since then, the Coronavirus caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of great concern to human life, affecting around 24.8 million people worldwide and causing 5.3 million lives to succumb to it as of 15th December’2021. (1) Even though vaccines against the virus have readily been made available to the population, with new strains of the virus coming to light every few months, the end still seems bleak. As part of the body’s innate mechanism, antibodies develop against a pathogen after one’s been exposed to it. Antibodies also make up a considerable composition of breast milk that provide immune protection to the neonates against diseases such as gastrointestinal tract infections, respiratory infections and middle ear infections. (2)
COVID-19 targets individuals of all age groups, however in neonates the positivity ratio is considerably lower. While vertical transmission of COVID-19 has been a topic of much debate, there has been no definitive evidence to prove the phenomenon. (3) Currently studies state that there is no concrete proof confirming the association of COVID-19 and its spread via breast milk. (3)
In a recent study by Rebecca Powell, strong associations were made between antibodies present in breast milk and COVID-19. After taking and assessing donated milk samples of eight COVID-19 recovered and seven COVID-19 suspected lactating females, it was found that milk from all COVID-19 recovered individuals showed notable SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA reactivity, suggesting that breast milk may contain immunoglobulins protective against the novel Coronavirus. (4) In another study, it was found that a woman who tested positive for COVID-19 had discoverable IgG and IgA in breast milk. Her newborn infant tested negative for the Virus at birth but showed an elevated IgG in serum (5), re-establishing our prior argument about the presence of COVID-19 antibodies in breast milk.
Though, yet not fully researched, this discovery could possibly be a revolutionary step towards formulating a preventive measure to the Virus, thus helping eradicate the pandemic. The severity of neonatal complications arising with the malady may be drastically reduced. A more scientific research and thorough analysis to this finding is required to prove a causal relationship between the disease and antibodies present in breast milk.
ISOLATION OF ROTAVIRUS FROM A SICK CALF AND OPTIMIZATION OF ITS CULTIVATION PARAMETERS
Authors: Zgirovskaya A. A. , Tyapsha Yu. I. , Dubanevich О. V. , Zuykevich T. A. , Kostyuk N. I. , Gerasimenko V. I.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the isolation of rotavirus from a sick calf and optimization of its cultivation parameters in the transplanted lines of homologous and heterologous cell cultures. Rotavirus isolate was isolated in MDBK cell culture, which was confirmed in polymerase chain reaction and neutralization reaction, from the faeces of a sick calf. A method of culturing the isolated isolate in homologous (MDBK) and heterologous (SPEV) cell culture has been worked out. The cultivation of rotavirus in an alkaline medium and its treatment with trypsin at a concentration of 20 mcg/ml and the introduction of trypsin into a supportive medium (15 mcg/ml) led to an increase in the titer of the virus to 8.0–8.25 lg TCD50/ml. It was found that the accumulation of isolated rotavirus in the rollers led to an increase in the yield of the virus and an increase in its titer to 8.5 lg TCD50/ml. The isolated rotavirus isolate has antigenic properties and leads to the formation of an immune response when administered intramuscularly to rabbits.
TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION OF TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN COWS INFECTED WITH MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS
Authors: Lysenko A. P. , Kuchvalsky M. V. , Vysotsky A. E. , Pritychenko A. N. , Krasnikova E. L. , Yakobson E. I.
Published: May 2022

A culture of M. bovis was isolated from liver and spleen homogenate, from tissues and amniotic fluid of 8- and 6-month-old fetuses of cows with local tuberculous changes in the lymph nodes of the lungs. It serves as confirmation of the transplacental infection transmission. The transfer occurred due to filtering virus-like forms of tuberculosis myco-bacteria, which were transformed into non-acid-fast, partially acid-fast and typical forms of tuberculosis mycobacteria in tissues, which can lead to the emergence of endogenous tuberculosis after birth or create an invisible reservoir of infection, because non-acid-fast forms of mycobacterium do not induce the development of hypersensitivity to tubercu-lin. In addition, the persistence of modified and typical mycobacteria in fetuses can lead to immunological tolerance to their antigens.

The results obtained confirm the correctness of the regulations on the isolated rearing of calves born in disad-vantaged conditions, followed by fattening and delivery for slaughter.
HYPERIMMUNIZATION OF CHICKENS EGG BREEDS FOR OBTAINING YOLK IMMUNOGLOBULINS SPECIFIC TO ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Nasonov I. V. , Radyush I. S. , Knysh N. V. , Zakharik N. V. , Romanovskaya N. B.
Published: May 2022

This article presents the results of studies on the selection of adjuvants and the optimal scheme for hyperimmunization of Escherichia coli laying hens to obtain specific yolk immunoglobulins. It was found that to obtain specific yolk immunoglobulins, two immunizations of chickens with formalized Escherichia coli antigen (3x109 CFU/ml) with Montanide ISA 70 or Montanide ISA 206 adjuvant are sufficient. The use of Montanide ISA 70 in an adjuvant:antigen ratio of 70:30 by weight, respectively, and Montanide ISA 206 in an adjuvant:antigen ratio of 50:50 by weight, respec-tively, is equivalent.
OBTAINING TRANSOVARIAN IMMUNOGLOBULINS WHEN CREATING NEW VETERINARY BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS
Authors: Borisovets D. S. , Zuykevich T. A. , Zgirovskaya A. A. , Krasochko P. A. , Osipenko A. E.
Published: May 2022

The methods of obtaining of transovarial immunoglobulins for the development of veterinary biological preparation of a new generation are shown in the article. In the process of the research, the most effective method of isolat-ing of transovarial immunoglobulins was determined - the method using organic solvents, and also the most optimal way to purify them by precipitation using PEG-6000, which allows to obtain the maximum result at relatively low cost. The results of the study of structural and functional features of the obtained yolk immunoglobulins of laying hens IgY in a comparative aspect are presented.
DETECTION AND GENETIC TYPING (BY REGION 5'-UTR) OF ISOLATES OF BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA VIRUS CIRCULATING IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors: Dubanevich O. V. , Tyapsha Yu. I.
Published: May 2022

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes serious economic losses. BVDV has high genomic diversity: two viral diarrhea virus genotypes, with twentyone subgenotypes for BVDV-1 and four subgenotypes for BVDV-2. Vac-cines are important tools for reducing the economic losses caused by this virus. However, the strains of the vaccine match the antigenic profile of the viruses circulating in the area where the vaccine is. A phylogenetic study of 13 virus isolates circulating in the territory of the Republic of Belarus showed that the genetic profile of BVDV consisted in the overwhelming majority of subtypes BVDV-1f (76.9 %) and BVDV-1a (15.0 %), genotype 1, in one farm the subtype was found BVDV-2a genotype 2.
THERAPEUTIC EFFICIENCY OF VETERINARY DRUG «ACTIVET MAXI» FOR ARTHRITIS IN DOG
Authors: Kuchinsky M. P. , Sonov A. A. , Kuchinskaya G. M. , Makarevich V. K.
Published: May 2022

The article presents data from scientific and industrial experience on the study of the therapeutic effectiveness of the complex drug «Activet MAXI» for arthritis in dogs. It was found that with its daily use at the rate of 1 tablet per 12.5 kg of body weight, the recovery of animals was observed mainly on the 25–30 day of treatment.
Педагогика олий таълим муассасаларида биология тaълим жaрaёнида талабалар тaдқиқoтчилик фaoлиятини ривожлантиришда интеллектуал тaълим технологияларидан фойдаланиш самарадорлиги
Authors: Атақулова М.
Published: May 2022

Мақолада биологик тaълим жaрaёнида талабалар тaдқиқoтчилик фaoлиятини ривожлантиришда турли тaълим технологиялардан фойдаланиш самарадорлиги келтирилган. Тaдқиқoт методикасини ёритишда ОТМ талабалари фaoлиятини муаммоли ва лойиҳалаш техно-логияси асосида муаммоли – мураккаблаштириш ва интегрaциялаш орқали ривожлантириш муҳим аҳамият касб этaди.
The Effect of Locator Attachment and Ball-O-Ring Attachment on Bone Height Change in Implant Retained Overdenture
Authors: El Maroush Mohamed , Eljayir Elmabrouk , Ben Hamida Sarra
Published: May 2022

Objectives. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the effect of locator attachment and Ball-O-ring attachment on the peri-implant crestal bone level changes in edentulous patients rehabilitated with implant retained lower over denture. Methods. Twenty edentulous patients (male) were participating in this study, they were rehabilitated by mucosa supported maxillary complete denture and implant retained mandibular over denture by two implants installed in the canine region, patients were divided into two equal groups according to the type of attachment used, the locator attachment was used for group I and Ball-O-ring attachment was used for group II. Peri-implant crestal bone level changes were assessed using intra-oral radiographs taken with the standardized long cone paralleling technique using custom made acrylic template and the Rinn-xcp system. Periapical radiographs were taken every six months to complete a period of 18 months follow up period. The marginal bone loss at different intervals was obtained by calculating the difference in bone height at that interval from the base line measurement and statistically analyzed (t-test P < 0.05). Results. The result of this study showed that the time has significant effect on the mean values of the peri-implant bone height on both groups. Moreover, group I had significantly less bone resorption from insertion to twelve months in compare to group II. Conclusion. The insignificant difference observed between comparing the peri-implant bone loss between the two groups indicates that the two treatment modalities are effective for the rehabilitation of lower denture. Locator attachments have the ability to control the amount bone loss. It could be advantageous in cases where the retention of implants retained overdentures is compromised.
PROPOSTA DE TREINO PARA FORTALECIMENTO DE GRUPOS MUSCULARES DOS MEMBROS SUPERIORES E TRONCO DOS PRATICANTES DA ARTE MARCIAL WING CHUN KUNG FU
Authors: Mourão Marco Antonio Nogueira
Published: May 2022

A musculação é uma forma de exercício físico muito importante para os praticantes de diversas modalidades, uma vez que essa prática de fortalecimento muscular pode proporcionar benefícios complementares aos adeptos de outros esportes. Os praticantes de artes marciais são bastante favorecidos com a prática do treinamento resistido através de pesos e, os adeptos da arte marcial chinesa Wing Chun Kung Fu, através dos exercícios de musculação, poderão potencializar o condicionamento físico e o rendimento de suas técnicas, por meio dos exercícios de musculação. Este trabalho compôs um artigo descritivo que apresentou informações que constituíram uma proposta de treinamento básico de musculação para possibilitar o devido condicionamento físico nos membros superiores e no tronco dos praticantes da modalidade marcial citada. Para fundamentar o artigo, foram utilizadas explanações essenciais sobre essa arte marcial envolvida (alguns fatos históricos e suas características gerais), sobre fortalecimento muscular (tratando sobre musculação e treinamento físico, grupos musculares e biomecânica).
GEOTECNOLOGIA APLICADA NA ANÁLISE HIDROGEOMORFOMÉTRICA DA MICROBACIA DO RIO ANTA ATIRADA, AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL, BRASIL
Authors: Henrique da Silva José Thiago , Paulo de Farias Neto José , Martins Rosa Diogo , Vendruscolo Jhony , Reinaldo Fernandes dos Santos Junior Nilson , Ânderson Fulan João , Cleiton Schmidt Cavalheiro Wanderson , Barbosa de Souza Sueli , Michele de Quadros Tronco Kenia , Adilson dos Santos Hara Francisco
Published: May 2022

As características da paisagem fornecem informações essenciais para o planejamento e a gestão ambiental dos recursos naturais, e, consequentemente, para o desenvolvimento sustentável. O objetivo do  presente trabalho foi analisar as características hidrogeomorfométricas da microbacia do rio Anta Atirada utilizando geotecnologias e equações. A microbacia tem área de 328,56 km2, perímetro de 121,29 km, forma alongada, altitudes de 177 a 458 m, predominância de relevos suave ondulados e ondulados, 93,74% da área classificada como baixa influência na propagação de incêndios, 97,91% da área classificada como moderadamente apta a extremamente apta à mecanização agrícola, rede de drenagem de 775,47 km, padrão de drenagem dendrítico, rios de até 6a ordem (presença de rios médios e com baixa probabilidade e secarem), 1.103 nascentes, 3,36 nascentes km-2 (média), densidade de drenagem de 2,36 km km-2 (alta), coeficiente de manutenção de 423,7 m2 m-1, índice de sinuosidade de 44,47% e tempo de concentração de 18,93 h. A microbacia tem potencial para o desenvolvimento de agricultura (incluindo mecanizada na maior parte de sua área), olericultura, fruticultura, silvicultura, e recursos hídricos que podem ser utilizados em sistemas de irrigação e piscicultura. Considerando o importante papel da vegetação nativa nas funções ecohidrológicas, recomenda-se estudos relacionados com a dinâmica temporal e espacial da cobertura do solo na microbacia, para se identificar e delimitar áreas prioritárias para manutenção ou recuperação.
Biodegradation of Textile Dye Wastewater with the Application of Response Surface Methodology (RSM): A Factorial Design Approach
Authors: Hanapi Nur Hanis Mohamad , Monajemi Hadieh , Ismail Azimah , Suhaili Zarizal , Endut Azizah , Juahir Hafizan
Published: May 2022

The increasing demands in textile industries has created huge production of textile coloured products globally, leading to large production of textile effluent. Textile effluent is often discharged to the environment without proper treatment by the textile factories. The untreated textile effluent typically contains harmful chemicals and is hazardous to the environment, due to the toxicity of the dyes used. In this study, biological treatment is applied to the textile effluent. A 2-level full factorial design from response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to find the optimized treatment process condition for the textile wastewater degradation. Sixteen runs of experiment with 4 factors were performed; bacterial inoculum (%, v/v), temperature (℃), agitation (rpm), and pH were tested. It was observed highest decolourization obtained (91.95 % with pH 4, low concentration of bacterial inoculum (5 %), agitation speed (200 rpm) and temperature (40 ℃)) meanwhile lowest decolourization was achieved at 73.47 % with pH 10, low concentration of bacterial inoculum (5 %), agitation speed (100 rpm) and high temperature (40 ℃).  It was observed that low concentration of bacterial inoculum (%, v/v) gave more favourable dye degradation and COD removal, while pH ranged from low to high in the textile dye treatment.

HIGHLIGHTS

Textile wastewater contributes the most in Sg. Hiliran, as textile wastewater was discharged directly into the river without proper treatment

Biodegradation using a bacterial approach offers safe and costly effective treatment for the textile wastewater

The application of RSM offers a practical approach in providing optimized parameters for the textile wastewater treatment
Magnetic Dipole Moments, Occupation Numbers and Magnetic Form Factors of Some Neutron Rich Nuclei in sdpf-shell
Authors: Hameed Ban Sabah , Kaddoori Farah Faris , Salloum Ali Dawooud
Published: May 2022

In the sdpf shell model, static and dynamic characteristics of certain neutron-rich nuclei are measured by using the SDPF interactions: Magnetic dipole moments (𝜇), occupation numbers (occ#) and magnetic electron scattering form factors for the ground state, they are presented for some Vanadium (23V) and Manganese (25Mn) isotopes using radial wave functions for the single-particle matrix elements of harmonic-oscillator potential (HO). These isotopes are 48V (4 1+), 49V (7/2- 3/2), 50V (6+ 2), 53Mn (7/2- 3/2), 54Mn (3+ 2) and 56Mn (3+ 3). The calculations introduced with model space (MS) and core-polarization CP effects are included through effective g factors. In model space and with core-polarization effects, the magnetic transition probability B(M1) is also calculated. The calculations of one-body density matrix OBDM together with the interaction SDPFK are carried out in the sdpf-model space using the OXBASH code. The theoretical results of the 𝜇 moments agree with recent experimental data.