bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propagação in vivo e invitro de Cissus sicyoides, uma planta medicinal
Authors: ABREU Ilka Nacif de , PINTO José Eduardo Brasil Pereira , BERTOLUCCI Suzan Kelly Vilela , MORAIS Augusto Ramalho de , GEROMEL Clara , LADEIRA Ângela , LAMEIRA Osmar Alves
Published: May 2015

O estudo da propagação de espécies utilizadas na medicina popular tem sido intensificado nos últimos anos devido ao crescente investimento em pesquisas para a descoberta de novos fármacos e da utilização da fitoterapia como um meio alternativo. O objetivo do trabalho foi a propagação in vivo e in vitro (estabelecimento e multiplicação) de Cissus sicyoides. Plantas mantidas em casa de vegetação forneceram estacas com 10 e 20 cm de comprimento, as quais foram tratadas com 0, 80 ou 160 mg/l de AIB, com ou sem sacarose + ácido bórico, por duas horas. Para o estabelecimento in vitro, após desinfestação, segmentos nodais com 10 mm de comprimento foram inoculados em meio de cultura sólido (MS), com diferentes concentrações de cinetina, BAP e ANA. Para a multiplicação in vitro, segmentos nodais com 10 mm foram inoculados em meio MS, suplementado com diferentes concentrações de BAP e ANA, e ANA e cinetina. Na propagação in vivo as estacas com 10 cm de comprimento apresentaram maior eficiência no enraizamento quando tratadas com 160 mg/l de AIB. In vitro os explantes foram melhor estabelecidos e multiplicados em meio de cultura suplementado com cinetina e ANA, que proporcionaram maior indução de gemas, crescimento em altura e ausência de calos na base das plântulas.
Fitogeo - um banco de dados aplicado à fitogeografia
Authors: SCUDELLER Veridiana Vizoni , MARTINS Fernando Roberto
Published: May 2015

Análises comparativas vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizadas para definir e relacionar os tipos de vegetação existentes no Brasil. Para tanto, cada pesquisador vem montando seu próprio banco de dados, usualmente elaborando um sistema com uma finalidade imediata e descartado ao término do projeto ou pesquisa. Essa prática leva ao desperdício de tempo, esforço, dinheiro e, principalmente, informação. Então, um sistema de banco de dados específico para armazenar e gerenciar informações advindas de levantamentos florísticos e, ou, fitossociológicos poderia padronizar, estruturar logicamente, evitar ou eliminar sobreposição de esforços, reduzir os custos e também promover oportunidade para que cientistas de diversas áreas compartilhem informações. Com esses objetivos e para suprir uma necessidade imediata de organizar uma base de dados, foi desenvolvido o FITOGEO. O sistema foi elaborado com a finalidade de gerenciar informações oriundas de listas florísticas ou de levantamentos fitossociológicos, variáveis ambientais associadas a estas listas e taxonômicas. O FITOGEO mantém a integridade dos dados, é centrado na ‘espécie’ e tem a capacidade de integrar dados e metadados de várias fontes. Apresenta duas interfaces: uma de características florísticas ou fitossociológicas, com todas as informações oriundas do levantamento em si, tanto das espécies quanto da metodologia adotada, e das variáveis ambientais associadas, como coordenadas geográficas, altitude, temperatura e precipitação. E outra taxonômica, resgatando informações como nome corrigido e o nome válido das espécies cadastradas e níveis hierárquicos supra-específicos.
Leaf micronutrient concentrations and potential photosynthesis in Ochroma pyramidale established in a degraded land
Authors: MARENCO Ricardo A. , VIEIRA Gil , GONÇALVES José F. de C.
Published: May 2015

In the Brazilian Amazon, large areas of abandoned lands may revert to secondary forest. In the process, pioneer tree species have an important role to restore productivity in old fields and improve environmental conditions. To determine potential photosynthesis (Apot), stomatal conductance (g), transpiration (E), and leaf micronutrient concentrations in Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urban a study was carried out in the Brazilian Amazon (01o 51' S; 60o 04' W). Photosynthetic parameters were measured at increasing [CO2], saturating light intensity (1 mmol (photons) m-2 s-1), and ambient temperature. The rate of electron-transport (J), Apot,and water-use efficiency (WUE) increased consistently at increasing internal CO2 concentration (Ci). Conversely, increasing [CO2] decreased gs, E, and photorespiration (Pr). At the CO2-saturated region of the CO2 response curve (1.1 mmol (CO2) mol-1(air), J was 120 μmol (e-) m-2s-1 and Apot reached up to 24 μmol (CO2) m-2s-1. Likewise, at saturating C1 g and E were 30 and 1.4 mmol (H2O) m-2s-1, respectively, and P 2 r about 1.5 μmol (CO2) m-2s-1. Foliar nutrients were 185, 134, 50, and 10 μmol (element) m-2 (leaf area) for Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu, respectively. It was concluded that [CO ] probably limits light saturated photosynthesis in this site. Furthermore, from a nutritional point of view, the low Fe to Cu ratio (15:1) may reflect nutritional imbalance in O. pyramidale at this site.
Análise de fatores sócio-econômico-culturais e ambientais relacionados com o défict ponderal de crianças ao nascimento em 1999, em Manaus-AM, Brasil
Authors: ALENCAR Fernando Hélio , FROTA Marcelo Oliveira da
Published: May 2015

Investigou-se as causas do nascimento de crianças com défict ponderal, enfatizando-se como determinante do Baixo Peso ao Nascer (BPN), o sinergismo entre algumas variáveis sociais, econômicas, culturais e ambientais. A população estudada compreendeu 371 mães, com seus respectivos recém- nascidos vivos não gemelares, cujos partos ocorreram no período de setembro de 1998 a maio de 1999, em uma maternidade pública de Manaus. Constatou-se a predominância de Recém- Nascidos de Peso Adequado (69,5%), sendo que 8,9% e 21,6%, das crianças se enquadraram nas categorias de Baixo Peso e Peso Insuficiente, respectivamente. Como principais fatores maternos foram detectados a baixa idade, baixa estatura e baixa escolaridade. A análise dos resultados obtidos permite concluir que é elevada a ocorrência de déficit ponderal ao nascer em Manaus, sendo seus principais determinantes (p< 0,05): gravidez na adolescência, início de realização do pré-natal e ganho de peso durante a gestação. Merecem destaque também o comportamento das variáveis: baixa escolaridade materna, ausência paterna, precariedade na assistência materno- infantil, possivelmente em decorrência de um pré-natal mal conduzido, baixo poder aquisitivo das famílias, agravado pelo número excessivo de seus integrantes, o que determina a diluição do poder de compra de alimentos intrafamiliar.
Banco de sementes de uma floresta secundária amazônica dominada por Vismia
Authors: MONACO Luciana M. , MESQUITA Rita C. G. , WILLIAMSON G. Bruce
Published: May 2015

A composição florística de uma floresta secundária dominada por Vismia na Amazônia central foi estudada e comparada de acordo com sua composição ao banco de sementes no solo. A área apresentou um total de 20 espécies arbóreas, sendo Vismia o gênero dominante em indíce de valor de importância, densidade relativa e área basal. O banco de sementes coletado na área apresentou germinação de apenas 17 espécies, todas pioneiras, entre as quais metade foi de herbáceas e a outra metade de lenhosas. A composição do banco de sementes foi em geral característica de estágios sucessionais, com forte influência do histórico de pastagem, presença de espécies pioneiras e um elevado número de herbáceas e gramíneas. Os gêneros Goupia e Laetia estiveram ausentes no banco mesmo com indivíduos adultos representados no dossel. Os três gêneros com maior representação no banco de sementes em relação ao dossel foram Cecropia, Bellucia e Trema, os quais provavelmente germinaram de sementes chegadas depois do desenvolvimento do dossel de Vismia. As parcelas que tiveram o dossel removido refletiram muito bem a composição da vegetação estabelecida na área, onde sementes de espécies da floresta mais madura não germinaram. Desta forma, o retorno à floresta primária deverá ser um processo lento e dependente de fontes de sementes próximas, além da presença de dispersores capazes de contribuir com a chuva de sementes.
Characterization of the commercial fish production landed at Manaus, Amazonas State, Brazil
Authors: BATISTA Vandick da Silva , PETRERE JÚNIOR Miguel
Published: May 2015

The present work aims to update a series of information about the regional fishing production, by presenting and characterizing the contribution of the different sub-systems of the Amazon basin to the catch landed at the main fishing market of Manaus, Brazil, from 1994 to 1996. Collectors specifically hired for this function registered key information on the fisheries. Thirty nine types or groups of fish were found in the fishing production landed. Jaraqui (Semaprochilodus spp.), curimatã (Prochilodus nigricans), pacu (Myleinae), matrinchã (Brycon cephalus), sardine (Triportheus spp.), aracu (Anostomidae) and tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) were the most important items during three consecutive years. In 1994 these items summed up 91.6% of the total production; in 1995 and 1996 these values were, respectively, 85.3% and 86.4% of the total production. Tambaqui landed decreased remarkably during the period 1976-1996. There was a strong seasonal component in the production of the main species; jaraqui and matrinchã were mostly landed between April and June, while curimatã, pacu, and sardine were mostly landed during the dry season. Other important items showed a strong inter-annual variation in their production. The fishing production landed came mostly from the sub-system of the Purus River (around 30% of the total production). The subsystem of the Medium-Solimões contributed with an average of 15% and the sub-systems of the Madeira, Lower-Solimões, Upper-Amazon and Juruá, together contributed with 11.5% of the total production landed. Finally, the remaining sub-systems contributed with only 7.6% of the production.
Contribution to the study of Himatanthus sucuuba: latex macromolecule, microelements and carbohydrates
Authors: SILVA Jefferson Rocha de A. , AMARAL Ana Claudia F. , SIANI Antonio C. , REZENDE Claudia M. , FELCMAN Judith , PINTO Angelo C.
Published: May 2015

The polymeric material in the latex of Himatanthus sucuuba (Spruce) Woodson was identified by spectroscopic methods as cis-polyisoprene (Mn = 192; Mw = 571; Mw/ Mn = 2.97). ICP-MS analysis of microelements in the aqueous phase showed the most abundant to be Ca (354 μg/g) and Mg (250 μg/g). Carbohydrate analysis of the aqueous phase by HPLC-PAD showed arabinose, glucose, xylose, rhamnose and galactose to be the predominant saccharides.
Prevalência da infecção pelo Vírus da Leucose dos Bovinos em rebanhos leiteiros criados no estado do Amazonas, Brasil
Authors: CARNEIRO Paulo Alex Machado , ARAÚJO Wanderley Pereira de , BIRGEL Eduardo Harry , SOUZA Kleberson Worslley de
Published: May 2015

Determinou-se a prevalência de anticorpos séricos anti-Vírus da Leucose dos Bovinos (anti-VLB) em 661 amostras de soro sangüíneo, colhidas em 16 rebanhos leiteiros criados em quatro municípios da Microrregião de Manaus, no Estado do Amazonas (Manaus, Iranduba, Autazes e Careiro da Várzea). Para detecção de anticorpos anti-VLB utilizou-se o teste de Imunodifusão Radial Dupla de Ouchterlony em gel de ágar, com uso do antígeno glicoprotéico (gp-51) da cápsula do vírus. Os resultados demonstraram a ocorrência da Leucose Enzoótica dos Bovinos nos rebanhos estudados, sendo a taxa de prevalência de anticorpos séricos anti-VLB na população examinada igual a 8,9% (59/661), com a exclusão dos animais com menos de seis meses de idade, nos quais a sororeação positiva poderia representar transferência passiva de anticorpos colostrais, verificou-se uma taxa de prevalência da infecção igual a 9,6% (58/604). Os animais avaliados, foram estratificados em grupos de acordo com a faixa etária e sexo. A análise dos resultados obtidos, pelo teste de duas proporções, permitiu concluir que a prevalência de bovinos portadores de anticorpos anti-VLB foi significativamente maior nos animais com mais de 12 meses de idade, não havendo diferenças significativas nos resultados obtidos entre machos e fêmeas.
Influência do tipo de alimento e da temperatura na evacuação gástrica da piranha caju (Pygocentrus nattereri) em condições experimentais
Authors: SILVA Emerson Carlos Soares e , ARAÚJO-LIMA Carlos A. R. M.
Published: May 2015

taxa de evacuação gástrica é uma variável importante para estimar o consumo diário de alimento e portanto a pressão de predação que um piscívoro exerce sobre as presas. Esta taxa pode ser influenciada pela temperatura, tamanho do predador e pelo tipo de alimento. Neste trabalho medimos experimentalmente os efeitos que estas três variáveis exercem sobre a evacuação gástrica de Pygocentrus nattereri, um dos principais piscívoros da Amazônia. Para isso foram utilizadas temperaturas variando de 27° a 31°C e os seguintes itens alimentares: músculo e nadadeira de Semaprochilodus insignis e gafanhoto da espécie Paulinia sp. Estes alimentos compõem a dieta silvestre da piranha. O tamanho da piranha não influenciou na evacuação gástrica. Músculos obtiveram uma taxa de evacuação gástrica de 18,3% h -1, enquanto que nadadeira e gafanhoto obtiveram uma taxa média de 10,7% h -1. O efeito da temperatura foi mais pronunciado quando o item alimentar era músculo do que com nadadeira e insetos.
Benchmarking na avaliação de impacto ambiental: o sistema mineiro frente às melhores práticas internacionais
Authors: Raimundo e Almeida Maria Rita , Montaño Marcelo
Published: May 2015

No Brasil, a Avaliação de Impactos Ambientais (AIA) e o licenciamento ambiental são considerados instrumentos da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente. Apoiados pela Resolução CONAMA n° 237/1997, cada estado brasileiro possui seu próprio sistema para aplicação destes instrumentos. Diante da diferenciação dos procedimentos adotados em cada estado e da existência de críticas à sua utilização, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar como o sistema de AIA estabelecido em Minas Gerais vem se desenvolvendo frente às boas práticas internacionais. Para isto, foram consideradas as informações obtidas através de revisão de literatura, análise de processos e entrevistas com atores envolvidos. Entre os pontos positivos do sistema mineiro estão: a descentralização do processo de licenciamento, a proximidade entre os técnicos do órgão ambiental e o empreendedor e a decisão participativa ao ser tomada pelo Conselho Estadual de Meio Ambiente. Quanto às deficiências, elas concentram-se na generalização do escopo dos estudos, na não participação da população afetada, na falta de consideração de alternativas para o projeto, na ausência da avaliação de impactos cumulativos e na modalidade de licenciamento corretivo. Uma vez identificadas as deficiências, tornam-se necessárias ações que visem a melhoria de seu desempenho.
Genetic control of traits related to phosphorus use efficiency in tropical maize
Authors: Mendes Flávia Ferreira , Guimarães Lauro José Moreira , Guimarães Cláudia Teixeira , Souza João Cândido , Guimarães Paulo Evaristo Oliveira , Parentoni Sidney Netto
Published: May 2015

Knowing the inheritance of traits is essential to establish selection strategies in breeding programs. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic control of traits related to the phosphorus use efficiency in maize. A total of 280 progenies were developed according to design III, which were evaluated in the field under high and low phosphorus (P) availability. The genetic variance components were estimated for the agronomic traits and indices that define P use efficiency. The results indicated that the additive and dominance effects were important in explaining the genetic variability for the flowering time, grain yield and P efficiency indices. However, dominance effects prevailed, indicating that breeding efforts should be made to develop hybrids exploiting the heterosis for traits related to P use efficiency.
Effects of immersion system and gibberellic acid on the growth and acclimatization of micropropagated pineapple
Authors: Scherer Ramon Felipe , Holderbaum Daniel Ferreira , Garcia Antônio Corrrêa , Silva Dorival Almeida da , Steinmacher Douglas André , Guerra Miguel Pedro
Published: May 2015

Micropropagation based techniques enable the mass production of pest- and disease-free stock plants. Aiming at optimizing pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merril] micropropagation, a complete randomized experiment with three factors was established: immersion system (2 L twin flasks temporary immersion and permanent immersion); culture medium (supplemented or not with GA3); and shoot height class. The effects on regeneration rate (number of new shoots per 1 g fresh mass (FM) of inoculated microshoots), FM per shoot, and shoot survival were evaluated. Significant interactions (p<0.05) were observed in the regeneration rate, and simple effects (p<0.05) were detected for FM per shoot. All treatments resulted in a survival rate higher than 95%. Altogether, it was found that 2 L twin flasks temporary immersion and MS culture medium free of GA3 allowed the optimization of the protocol used. This treatment was tested with positive response in a biofactory system that uses sterile plastic bottles (5 L).
Genotype x environment interaction of melon families based on fruit quality traits
Authors: Aragão Fernando Antonio Souza de , Nunes Glauber Henrique de Sousa , Queiróz Manoel Abilio de
Published: May 2015

Significant genotype vs. environment interaction (G x E) is expected as a result of geographical diversity and differences in management techniques in melon growing. Ninety-six F3 families from the cross between inodorus and conomon melons were evaluated in three environments for studying interaction. The G x E interaction, genetic parameters, and direct and indirect gains were estimated. Average weight of the fruit, pulp thickness, cavity thickness, pulp firmness, and soluble solids were evaluated. The simple part of the G x E interaction was always greater than 99%, except for pulp firmness, where there was predominance of the complex part. The coefficient of genetic variation and genetic variance were overestimated by the G x E interaction. The direct gains from selection were higher than the indirect, except when selection was made by the mean of the three environments. Genotype assessments in more than one location are necessary, but selection should be made by the mean values of families in the environments.
Reaction and colonization of common bean genotypes by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. Flaccumfaciens
Authors: Maringoni Antonio Carlos , Ishiszuka Mariane Sayuri , Silva Amanda Portes da , Soman José Marcelo , Moura Mônika Fecury , Santos Ricardo Lima dos , Silva Júnior Tadeu Antônio Fernandes da , Chiorato Alisson Fernando , Carbonell Sérgio Augusto Morais , Fonseca Júnior Nelson da Silva
Published: May 2015

Bacterial wilt is one of the main diseases of common beans and the use of cultivars with some level of resistance is fundamental for an adequate disease management. The reaction of 54 common bean genotypes to Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff) was evaluated, and the colonization of cultivars and obstruction of primary xylem vessels at the petiole base were assessed. In greenhouse and laboratory tests, resistance was detected in the cultivars IAC Diplomata, IAC Alvorada, IAC Imperador, IPR Corujinha, and IPR Tangará, and in the lines P5-4-4-1 and C4-5-4-1-2. The Cff colonization rate was also slower in the resistant cultivars (IAC Diplomata, IAC Carioca Tybatã, and IAC Carioca Pyatã) and the percentage of obstruction of primary xylem vessels at the petiole base lower than in the susceptible cultivars (IAC Carioca and Pérola).
Chromosome doubling in Paspalum notatum var. saure (cultivar Pensacola)
Authors: Weiler Roberto Luis , Krycki Karine Cristina , Guerra Divanilde , Simioni Carine , Dall'Agnol Miguel
Published: May 2015

Paspalum notatum is one of the most important native grassland species of southern Brazil, and the main forage source for livestock. The native ecotypes are tetraploid and have apomictic reproduction, which prevents the registration and protection of plant varieties. However, the cultivated variety Paspalum notatum var. saurae (cultivar Pensacola) is diploid and sexual. The objective of this study was to artificially produce polyploid cv. Pensacola plants, to be used as female parents in crosses with male tetraploid and apomictic parents. Seedlings and seeds were immersed in colchicine solutions for different periods. A tetraploid chromosome number was confirmed in three plants. The reproduction mode of the resulting polyploid plants will be assessed; if confirmed to be sexual, they can be used in crosses with native apomictic plants to breed new intraspecific hybrids.
Global DNA methylation changes in Cucurbitaceae inter-species grafting
Authors: Avramidou Evangelia , Kapazoglou Aliki , Aravanopoulos Filippos A. , Xanthopoulou Aliki , Ganopoulos Ioannis , Tsaballa Aphrodite , Madesis Panagiotis , Doulis Andreas G. , Tsaftaris Athanasios
Published: May 2015

Grafting has been used to improve yield, fruit quality and disease resistance in a range of tree and vegetable species. The molecular mechanisms underpinning grafting responses have only recently started to be delineated. One of those mechanisms involves long distance transfer of genetic material from rootstock to scion alluding to an epigenetic component to the grafting process. In the research presented herein we extended published work on heritable changes in the DNA methylation pattern of Solanaceae scion genomes, in Cucurbitaceae inter-species grafting. Specifically, we examined global DNA methylation changes in scions of cucumber, melon and watermelon heterografted onto pumpkin rootstocks using MSAP analysis. We observed a significant increase of global DNA methylation in cucumber and melon scions pointing to an epigenetic effect in Cucurbitaceae heterografting. Exploitation of differential epigenetic marking in different rootstock-scion combinations could lead to development of epi-molecular markers for generation and selection of superior quality grafted vegetables.
A religião como meio de inclusão e de exclusão nas corporações de ofício de Estrasburgo (1681-1789)
Authors: Sonkajärvi Hanna
Published: May 2015

O artigo propõe uma análise das dinâmicas de inclusão e de exclusão construídas a partir do pertencimento religioso, ou confessional nas corporações de ofício em Estrasburgo no século XVIII. Na sociedade do Antigo Regime, a religião fazia parte - assim como o status social, os vínculos familiares, o gênero, o patronato e os meios financeiros, a língua e os direitos de burguesia - dos fatores decisivos para incluir ou excluir os estrangeiros do acesso aos recursos econômicos, políticos ou sociais das localidades. A construção e a preservação das fronteiras religiosas são examinadas a partir do exemplo dos marceneiros e dos barqueiros na cidade multi-confessional de Estrasburgo.
ASSOCIATION OF CAFFEINE INTAKE AND LIVER FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: OLIVEIRA Kalinca da Silva , BUSS Caroline , TOVO Cristiane Valle
Published: May 2015

Background Caffeine consumption has been associated to decreased levels of liver enzymes and lower risk of fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the association between caffeine consumption and inflammatory activity or degree of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Methods A cross-sectional study of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated in an outpatient Gastroenterology Unit of Santa Casa Hospital (Porto Alegre - Brasil). Patients were interviewed regarding the consumption of caffeine and anthropometric assessment was performed. Liver biopsy was performed in a maximum period of 36 months before inclusion in the study Results There were 113 patients, 67 (59.3%) females, 48 (42.5%) were aged between 52 and 62 years, and 101 (89.4%) were white. The average caffeine consumption was 251.41 ± 232.32 mg/day, and 70 (62%) patients consumed up to 250 mg/day of caffeine. There was no association between caffeine consumption and inflammatory activity on liver biopsy. On the other hand, when evaluating the caffeine consumption liver fibrosis an inverse association was observed. Conclusions The greater consumption of caffeine was associated with lower liver fibrosis. There was no association between caffeine consumption and inflammatory activity.
PREVALENCE OF THE HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG UNIVERSITY EMPLOYEES IN SÃO PAULO, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL: predictive factors and geoprocessing spatial analysis
Authors: OLIVEIRA Cássio Vieira de , BARBOSA Walnei Fernandes , SILVEIRA Liciana Vaz de Arruda , MENEZES Juliana , MACHADO Flávia Souza , SILVA Giovanni Faria
Published: May 2015

Background There are limited studies on the prevalence and risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Objective Identify the prevalence and risk factors for HCV infection in university employees of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods Digital serological tests for anti-HCV have been performed in 3153 volunteers. For the application of digital testing was necessary to withdraw a drop of blood through a needlestick. The positive cases were performed for genotyping and RNA. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used, with P-value <0.05 indicating statistical significance. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were also used. Results Prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.7%. The risk factors associated with HCV infection were: age >40 years, blood transfusion, injectable drugs, inhalable drugs (InDU), injectable Gluconergam®, glass syringes, tattoos, hemodialysis and sexual promiscuity. Age (P=0.01, OR 5.6, CI 1.4 to 22.8), InDU (P<0.0001, OR=96.8, CI 24.1 to 388.2), Gluconergam® (P=0.0009, OR=44.4, CI 4.7 to 412.7) and hemodialysis (P=0.0004, OR=90.1, CI 7.5 – 407.1) were independent predictors. Spatial analysis of the prevalence with socioeconomic indices, Gross Domestic Product and Human Development Index by the geoprocessing technique showed no positive correlation. Conclusions The prevalence of HCV infection was 0.7%. The independent risk factors for HCV infection were age, InDU, Gluconergan® and hemodialysis. There was no spatial correlation of HCV prevalence with local economic factors.
TRIPLE THERAPY IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: initial series in a public health program in the South of Brazil
Authors: ALMEIDA Paulo R L , FONSECA Carla Bortolin , KOCH Vivian W , SOUZA Amanda M , FELTRIN Alberi A , TOVO Cristiane Valle
Published: May 2015

Background Chronic hepatitis C has great impact on world’s health. Current therapy for genotype 1 hepatitis C virus includes protease inhibitors boceprevir and telaprevir, associated to standard therapy - peginterferon alfa + ribavirin. There are no published data in Brazil on the results of this new therapy, and it is interesting an evaluation of what was accomplished up to this moment. Objectives To evaluate virologic response to triple therapy, as well as the safety profile and tolerability. Method This study is a clinical series of patients receiving triple therapy for C hepatitis in a single center of a Public Health System of South Brasil. Out of the 121 patients that initiated the triple therapy, the first patients that finished the treatment and evaluated the sustained virological response (24 weeks after the end of treatment) were included. Results Twenty four genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C monoinfected patients were included. Nineteen (79.2%) patients had been previously treated. Thirteen (54.2%) patients were cirrhotic. Nineteen (79.2%) patients completed the planned therapy. By the end of the treatment, 14 (58.3%) out of 24 patients had undetectable viral load. Sustained virologic response occurred in 12 (50.0%) out of 24 patients, 07 (58.3%) in telaprevir group and 05 (41.7%) in boceprevir group. Out of 24 patients under triple therapy, 58% (n=14) presented anemia. Conclusions In conclusion, despite the small number of patients treated with triple therapy evaluated in the current study, it possibly reflects the population under this therapy in real-life.
HEPATITIS B IN RONDÔNIA (WESTERN AMAZON REGION, BRAZIL): descriptive analysis and spatial distribution
Authors: VIEIRA Gabriel de Deus , FLORÃO Mayara , CASTRO Karen Priscilla Oliveira , ALVES Thaianne da Cunha , VAICIUNAS Spencer , HONDA Eduardo Rezende , CAMARGO Luís Marcelo Aranha , SOUSA Camila Maciel de
Published: May 2015

Background The Amazon is one of the regions who have the highest rates of infection by the hepatitis B virus in the world. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological data and spatial distribution of hepatitis B cases reported between 2002 and 2012 in the Brazilian State of Rondônia. Methods Social and clinical data of these individuals were studied through the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), including the following variables: gender, age group, vaccination, contact with a known patient with HBV, exposure to risk factors, source of infection, and clinical status. Results There were 7,132 cases reported in Rondônia, with an average incidence rate of 42/100,000 inhabitants per year. The municipalities with the highest incidence rates were Monte Negro (187.6/100,000 inhabitants) and Ariquemes (157.2/100,000 inhabitants). The 20-39 year-old age group had the highest number of cases (n = 3,834), and 69.9% of patients were likely infected via sexual contact. Regarding the clinical disease status, most of the patients (80.7%) were in the chronic phase. Conclusions There was a recent 402% increase in the diagnosis of hepatitis B, which is likely owing to the improvements in the public diagnostic system. This highlights the need for public policies to prevent and control the disease.
USEFULNESS OF A NEW PROGNOSTIC INDEX FOR ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
Authors: ALMEIDA Jazon Romilson de Souza , ARAÚJO Roberta Chaves , CASTILHO Giane Vieira de , STAHELIN Letícia , PANDOLFI Lívia dos Reis , SILVA Cecília Queiroz
Published: May 2015

Background Alcoholic liver disease is a major cause of end-stage liver disease worldwide and severe forms of alcoholic hepatitis are associated with a high short-term mortality. Objectives To analyze the importance of age-bilirubin-INR-creatinine (ABIC) score as an index of mortality and predictor for complications in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. To evaluate its correlation with those complications, with risk of death, as well as the scores model for end stage liver disease (MELD) and Maddrey’s discriminat function. Methods A total of 46 medical records of patients who had been hospitalized with alcoholic hepatitis were assessed retrospectively with lab tests on admission and after seven days. Score calculations were carried out and analyzed as well. Results The scores showed positive reciprocal correlation and were associated with both hepatic encephalopathy and ascites. ABIC index, which was classified as high risk, presented as a risk factor for these complications and for death. In univariate logistic regression analysis of mortality, the ABIC index at hospital admission odds ratio was 19.27, whereas after 7 days, it was 41.29. The average survival of patients with ABIC of low and intermediate risk was 61.1 days, and for those with high risk, 26.2 days. Conclusions ABIC index is a predictor factor for complications such as ascites and hepatic encephalopathy, as well as for risk of death. Thus, it is a useful tool for clinical practice.
EFFECT OF SWALLOWED BOLUS VISCOSITY AND BODY POSITION ON ESOPHAGEAL TRANSIT, CONTRACTION AND PERCEPTION OF TRANSIT
Authors: DALMAZO Juciléia , APRILE Lilian Rose Otoboni , DANTAS Roberto Oliveira
Published: May 2015

Background The esophagus has a different response in relation to the characteristics of a swallowed bolus. Bolus viscosity and body position may affect esophageal contraction and transit. Objectives To investigate the effect of bolus viscosity and body position on esophageal contraction, transit and perception. Methods Esophageal contraction, transit and perception of transit were evaluated in 26 asymptomatic volunteers, 13 men and 13 women aged 18-60 years, mean: 33.6 (12.2) years. Esophageal contraction (manometry) and transit (impedance) were measured with a solid state catheter with sensors located 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm from the lower esophageal sphincter. Each volunteer swallowed in duplicate and in random sequence a 5 mL low viscous (LV) liquid bolus of an isotonic drink with pH 3.3, and a 5 mL high viscous (HV) paste bolus, which was prepared with 7.5 g of instant food thickener diluted in 50 mL of water (pH: 6.4). Results Total bolus transit time, in the sitting position, was longer with the HV bolus than with the LV bolus. Esophageal transit was longer in the supine position than in the sitting position. Bolus head advance time was longer with the HV bolus than with the LV bolus in both positions. Contraction esophageal amplitude was higher in the supine position than in the sitting position. The perception of bolus transit was more frequent with the HV bolus than with the LV bolus, without differences related to position. Conclusions The viscosity of the swallowed bolus and body position during swallows has an influence on esophageal contractions, transit and perception of transit.
INFLUENCE OF AGE ON SWALLOWS OF A HIGHLY VISCOUS LIQUID BOLUS
Authors: NASCIMENTO Weslania Viviane , SANTOS Carla Manfredi , CASSIANI Rachel Aguiar , DANTAS Roberto Oliveira
Published: May 2015

Background Swallow function has a decline with aging, mainly in those over 80 years old. In the population over 69 years, about 11% of subjects reported symptoms indicative of significant dysphagia. Objectives Our objective was to evaluate the hypothesis that older asymptomatic subjects before 80 years old have compensations to sustain a safe and efficient swallow, at least with swallows of liquid bolus. Methods We performed videofluoroscopic evaluation of swallows in 55 normal volunteers, a younger group with 33 subjects (16 men and 17 women) aged 19 to 55 years, mean 35.5±9.8 years, and an older group with 22 subjects (15 men and 7 women) aged 56 to 77 years, mean 64.8±6.8 years. The subjects swallowed in duplicate 5 mL and 10 mL of liquid barium with a pH of 7.9, density of 1.82 g/cm3, and viscosity of 895 cp. Results The mean duration of pharyngeal transit, pharyngeal clearance, upper esophageal sphincter opening, hyoid movement and oral-pharyngeal transit were longer in the younger group compared with the older group. The relation between pharyngeal clearance duration and hyoid movement duration was similar in younger and older subjects, for 5 mL and 10 mL bolus volumes. Conclusions On average, a highly viscous liquid bolus crosses the pharynx faster in older subjects (56-77 years old) than in younger subjects (19-55 years old), which suggested an adaptation to the aging process to maintain a safe swallow.
EXCESSIVE WEIGHT – MUSCLE DEPLETION PARADOX AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN OUTPATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: ANDRADE Maria Izabel Siqueira de , MAIO Regiane , DOURADO Keila Fernandes , MACÊDO Patrícia Fortes Cavalcanti de , BARRETO NETO Augusto César
Published: May 2015

Background Evidence suggests a nutritional transition process in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Obesity, which was once an uncommon occurrence in such patients, has grown in this population at the same prevalence rate as that found in the general population, bringing with it an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective The aim of the present study was to determine the nutritional status and occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Methods A case-series cross-sectional study was conducted involving male and female adult outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease. Data were collected on demographic, socioeconomic, clinical and anthropometric variables as well as the following cardiovascular risk factors: sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, abdominal obesity, medications in use, comorbidities, alcohol intake and smoking habits. The significance level for all statistical tests was set to 5% (P< 0.05). Results The sample comprised 80 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 56 of whom (70.0%) had ulcerative colitis and 24 of whom (30.0%) had Crohn's disease. Mean age was 40.3±11 years and the female genre accounted for 66.2% of the sample. High frequencies of excess weight (48.8%) and abdominal obesity (52.5%) were identified based on the body mass index and waist circumference, respectively, in both groups, especially among those with ulcerative colitis. Muscle depletion was found in 52.5% of the sample based on arm muscle circumference, with greater depletion among patients with Crohn’s disease (P=0.008). The most frequent risk factors for cardiovascular disease were a sedentary lifestyle (83.8%), abdominal obesity (52.5%) and excess weight (48.8%). Conclusion The results of the complete anthropometric evaluation draw one’s attention to a nutritional paradox, with high frequencies of both - muscle depletion, as well as excess weight and abdominal obesity.
PEPTIC ULCER FREQUENCY DIFFERENCES RELATED TO H. PYLORI OR AINES
Authors: CARLI Diego Michelon de , PIRES Rafael Cardoso , ROHDE Sofia Laura , KAVALCO Caroline Mayara , FAGUNDES Renato Borges
Published: May 2015

Background Peptic ulcer etiology has been changing because of H. pylori decline. Objectives To estimate peptic ulcer prevalence in 10 years-interval and compare the association with H. pylori and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Methods Records assessment in two periods: A (1997-2000) and B (2007-2010), searching for peptic ulcer, H. pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use. Results Peptic ulcer occurred in 30.35% in A and in 20.19% in B. H. pylori infection occurred in 73.3% cases in A and in 46.4% in B. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use was 3.5% in A and 13.3% in B. Neither condition occurred in 10.4% and 20.5% in A and B respectively. Comparing both periods, we observed reduction of peptic ulcer associated to H. pylori (P=0.000), increase of peptic ulcer related to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (P=0.000) and idiopathic peptic ulcer (P=0.002). The concurrent association of H. pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs was also higher in B (P=0.002). Rates of gastric ulcer were higher and duodenal ulcer lower in the second period. Conclusions After 10 years, the prevalence of peptic ulcer decreased, as well as ulcers related to H. pylori whereas ulcers associated to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increased. There was an inversion in the pattern of gastric and duodenal ulcer and a rise of idiopathic peptic ulcer.
FECAL CALPROTECTIN: levels for the ethiological diagnosis in Brazilian patients with gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: KOTZE Lorete Maria da Silva , NISIHARA Renato Mitsunori , MARION Sandra Beatriz , CAVASSANI Murilo Franco , KOTZE Paulo Gustavo
Published: May 2015

Background Determination of fecal calprotectin can provide an important guidance for the physician, also in primary care, in the differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders, meanly between inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome. Objectives The aims of the present study were to prospectively investigate, in Brazilian adults with gastrointestinal complaints, the value of fecal calprotectin as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis between functional and organic disorders and to correlate the concentrations with the activity of inflammatory bowel diseases. Methods The study included consecutive patients who had gastrointestinal complaints in which the measurement levels of fecal calprotectin were recommended. Fecal calprotectin was measured using a Bühlmann (Basel, Switzerland) ELISA kit Results A total of 279 patients were included in the study, with median age of 39 years (range, 18 to 78 years). After clinical and laboratorial evaluation and considering the final diagnosis, patients were allocated into the following groups: a) Irritable Bowel Syndrome: 154 patients (102 female and 52 male subjects). b) Inflammatory Bowel Diseases group: 112 patients; 73 with Crohn’s disease; 38 female and 35 male patients; 52.1% (38/73) presented active disease, and 47.9% (35/73) had disease in remission and 39 patients with ulcerative colitis;19 female and 20 male patients; 48.7% (19/39) classified with active disease and 49.3% (20/39) with disease in remission. A significant difference (P<0.001) was observed between the median value of fecal calprotectin in Irritable Bowel Syndrome group that was 50.5 µg/g (IQR=16 - 294 µg/g); 405 µg/g (IQR=29 - 1980 µg/g) in Crohn’s disease patients and 457 µg/g (IQR=25 - 1430 µg/g) in ulcerative colitis patients. No difference was observed between the values found in the patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Levels of fecal calprotectin were significantly lower in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases in remission when compared with active disease (P<0.001). Conclusions The present study showed that the determination of fecal calprotectin assists to differentiate between active and inactive inflammatory bowel diseases and between inflammatory bowel diseases and irritable bowel syndrome.
ENDOSCOPIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC GASTRIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC USERS OF PROTON-PUMP INHIBITORS
Authors: CAMILO Sílvia Maria Perrone , ALMEIDA Élia Cláudia de Souza , MIRANZI Benito André Silveira , SILVA Juliano Carvalho , NOMELINI Rosemary Simões , ETCHEBEHERE Renata Margarida
Published: May 2015

Background Proton-pump inhibitors have been used for at least two decades. They are among the most commonly sold drugs in the world. However, some controversy remains about the indications for their use and the consequences of their prolonged use. Objectives To evaluate and compare the endoscopic and histopathologic gastric changes in chronic users of proton-pump inhibitors to changes in non-users. Methods A prospective study performed at a tertiary Public Hospital involving 105 patients undergoing upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy. Subjects included 81 proton-pump inhibitor users and 24 non-users (control group). Biopsies of the antral-type mucosa, the antral-fundic transition, and the fundus were evaluated by the Sydney System. The presence of erosion or ulceration, lymphatic follicles, reactive gastropathy, and polypoid or epithelial hyperplasia was also determined. Serum levels of gastrin were measured. Results We found two polyps, one in each group, both of which were negative for Helicobacter pylori. There were two cases of parietal cell hyperplasia in users of proton-pump inhibitors. Gastrin was elevated in 28 users of proton-pump inhibitors and in four members of the control group. We did not find statistically significant differences in the endoscopic or histopathologic findings between the two groups. Conclusions Chronic use of proton-pump inhibitors for the duration examined was not associated with significant gastric changes. An interesting finding was that the 4 chronic users of proton-pump inhibitors who had serum gastrin levels above 500 pg/mL also had positive serology for Chagas disease.
CIRRHOSIS INDUCES APOPTOSIS IN RENAL TISSUE THROUGH INTRACELLULAR OXIDATIVE STRESS
Authors: SILVEIRA Keli Cristina Simões da , VIAU Cassiana Macagnan , COLARES Josiane Raskopf , SAFFI Jenifer , MARRONI Norma Possa , PORAWSKI Marilene
Published: May 2015

Background Renal failure is a frequent and serious complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the renal oxidative stress, cell damage and impaired cell function in animal model of cirrhosis. Methods Secondary biliary cirrhosis was induced in rats by ligation of the common bile duct. We measured TBARS, ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential in kidney as markers of oxidative stress, and activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Relative cell viability was determined by trypan blue dye-exclusion assay. Annexin V-PE was used with a vital dye, 7-AAD, to distinguish apoptotic from necrotic cells and comet assay was used for determined DNA integrity in single cells. Results In bile duct ligation animals there was significant increase in the kidney lipoperoxidation and an increase of the level of intracellular ROS. There was too an increase in the activity of all antioxidant enzymes evaluated in the kidney. The percentage viability was above 90% in the control group and in bile duct ligation was 64.66% and the dominant cell death type was apoptosis. DNA damage was observed in the bile duct ligation. There was a decreased in the mitochondrial membrane potential from 71.40% ± 6.35% to 34.48% ± 11.40% in bile duct ligation. Conclusions These results indicate that intracellular increase of ROS cause damage in the DNA and apoptosis getting worse the renal function in cirrhosis.
Diabetes burden in Brazil: fraction attributable to overweight, obesity, and excess weight
Authors: Flor Luísa Sorio , Campos Monica Rodrigues , Oliveira Andreia Ferreira de , Schramm Joyce Mendes de Andrade
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE To estimate the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its percentage attributable to overweight and obesity in Brazil.METHODS The burden of diabetes mellitus was described in terms of disability-adjusted life years, which is the sum of two components: years of life lost and years lived with disability. To calculate the fraction of diabetes mellitus attributable to overweight, obesity, and excess weight, we used the prevalence of these risk factors according to sex and age groups (> 20 years) obtained from the 2008 Pesquisa Dimensões Sociais das Desigualdades (Social Dimensions of Inequality Survey) and the relative risks derived from the international literature.RESULTS Diabetes mellitus accounted for 5.4% of Brazilian disability-adjusted life years in 2008, with the largest fraction attributed to the morbidity component (years lived with disability). Women exhibited higher values for disability-adjusted life years. In Brazil, 49.2%, 58.3%, and 70.6% of diabetes mellitus in women was attributable to overweight, obesity, and excess weight, respectively. Among men, these percentages were 40.5%, 45.4%, and 60.3%, respectively. Differences were observed with respect to Brazilian regions and age groups.CONCLUSIONS A large fraction of diabetes mellitus was attributable to preventable individual risk factors and, in about six years, the contribution of these factors significant increased, particularly among men. Policies aimed at promoting healthy lifestyle habits, such as a balanced diet and physical activity, can have a significant impact on reducing the burden of diabetes mellitus in Brazil.
Common snook fed in alternate and continuous regimens with diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis probiotic
Authors: Noffs André Pedro , Tachibana Leonardo , Santos Antenor Aguiar , Ranzani-Paiva Maria José Tavares
Published: May 2015

The objective of this work was to evaluate the addition of Bacillus subtilis probiotic to the feed of common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) fingerlings, in alternate and continuous regimens. Six hundred and sixty fish, with average length of 5.90±0.88 cm and weight of 1.92±0.28 g, were stocked in 12 cages of 1.0 m3, with 55 fish each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with three treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of diet with the addition of probiotic, provided in alternate regimen for 7 days and in continuous regimen; besides a control without probiotic in the feed. Zootechnical performance, body composition, immune response, and blood parameters were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in zootechnical performance indexes and in body composition of fish treated with probiotic, when compared to the control. Fish from the alternate regimen showed an increment in respiratory burst and a lower total erythrocyte count than fish from the continuous regimen and the control. Fish from the continuous regimen did not differ from those of the control. The addition of Bacillus subtilis does not increase growth rates of common snook fingerlings; however, it has an immunostimulant action when supplied in alternate regimen.