Persistent Scatterer SAR Interferometry (PSI) for Airport Runways monitoring
Authors: Bianchini Ciampoli Luca , Gagliardi Valerio , Tosti Fabio , Calvi Alessandro , Benedetto Andrea 
Published: March 2020

&lt;p&gt;In the last decades, monitoring the regional-scale deformation of international airports has become a priority, in order to ensure the highest operational security and safety standards. Within this context, among the most innovative and suitable techniques for transport infrastructures monitoring purpose, Persistent Scatterer SAR Interferometry (PSI) technology has proven to be an effective technique to investigate ground deformations [1-3].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, the application of PSI to effectively and continuously monitor settlement in airports is an open challenge. In this study, a long time-series analysis of a high-resolution COSMO-Skymed satellite image-stack, acquired from September 2011 to October 2019, was collected and processed by PSI technique to retrieve the mean deformation velocity and time series of surface deformation of the runways of Leonardo Da Vinci-International Airport.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The mean PS velocity information is compared to the ground-based levelling-data, collected on the runway using a total station, in order to validate and increase the feasibility of the monitoring processing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, various Deformation maps using the Natural Neighbor Geostatistical interpolation algorithm [4], were created and demonstrated a maximum subsidence rate is up to 15.3 mm/yr during the investigated period. The results confirmed the well-known major down-lifting phenomenon over an area, which has undergone routine maintenance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results have demonstrated the viability of integrating InSAR and topographical in-situ survey methods, paving the way to future implementations in prioritizing maintenance activities and helping for decision-making to have a comprehensive and inclusive information data system for the investigation of survey sites.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The research is supported by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research under the National Project &amp;#8220;Extended resilience analysis of transport networks (EXTRA TN): Towards a simultaneously space, aerial and ground sensed infrastructure for risks prevention&amp;#8221;, PRIN 2017, Prot. 20179BP4SM&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1] Bianchini Ciampoli, L., Gagliardi, V., Clementini, C. et al. Transport Infrastructure Monitoring by InSAR and GPR Data Fusion. Surv Geophys (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-019-09563-7&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[2] Ferretti, A., Prati, C., Rocca, F., 2000. Nonlinear subsidence rate estimation using permanent scatterers in differential SAR interferometry. IEEE Trans. Geosci. 38 (5), 2202&amp;#8211;2212. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.868878.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[3] Ferretti, A., Prati, C., Rocca, F.,2001. Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 2001, 39, 8&amp;#8211;20.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[4] Sibson, R. (1981). &quot;A brief description of natural neighbor interpolation (Chapter 2)&quot;. In V. Barnett (ed.). Interpolating Multivariate Data. Chichester: John Wiley. pp. 21&amp;#8211;36.&lt;/p&gt;