bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sub‐Auroral Flows and Associated Magnetospheric and Ionospheric Phenomena Developed During 7–8 September 2017
Authors: Horvath Ildiko , Lovell Brian C.
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the Sub‐Auroral Polarization Streams (SAPS) and Sub‐Auroral Ion Drifts (SAID) along with the associated magnetospheric and ionospheric phenomena developed during 7–8 September 2017. Then, a series of substorms occurred before and during the geomagnetic storm (SYM‐Hmin = −146 nT). Results are obtained by utilizing multi‐point observations. These show that during the pre‐storm period, when the ElectroMagnetic Ion‐Cyclotron waves resulted in drop‐out events, a series of sunward (westward) SAID‐in‐SAPS flows developed in the dusk‐midnight sector due to the small‐scale flow bursts reaching the SAPS channel and the westward SAPS flows were streaming antisunward after midnight. During the storm period, dawnside sunward (eastward) SAPS also developed, Kelvin‐Helmholtz (K‐H) vortices rolled along the magnetopause and the hot zone became structured by reflected K‐H waves near the plasmapause leading to auroral undulations (AUs). New findings include the correlation of AUs and K‐H waves in the structured hot zone implying that the Near‐Earth Plasma Sheet acted as a resonator after activation by the K‐H vortices on the magnetopause. Further evidence is provided by the dayside Equatorward Boundary Intensification and Poleward Moving Auroral Forms of which development was supported by the K‐H vortices on the magnetopause by carrying the magnetosheath plasma into the magnetosphere. Adding to previous studies, new results also include the correlated observations of storm‐enhanced density (SED) plume and poleward drifts underlying both the equatorward plasma bubbles and the higher latitude plasma density depletions, and thus verifying their poleward movement within the SED base and SED plume.
Local Earthquake Seismic Tomography Reveals the Link Between Crustal Structure and Volcanism in Tenerife (Canary Islands)
Authors: Koulakov Ivan , D'Auria Luca , Prudencio Janire , Cabrera‐Pérez Iván , Barrancos José , Padilla Germán D. , Abramenkov Sergei , Pérez Nemesio M. , Ibáñez Jesús M.
Published: March 2023

Volcanic activity on Tenerife Island is extremely diverse. Three radial rift zones are characterized by cinder cones from basaltic fissure eruptions. A triple junction in central Tenerife exhibits a complex of merged, predominantly phonolitic, stratovolcanoes. The Las Cañadas caldera and widespread ignimbrite deposits reveal high explosive potential. We investigated the crustal and upper mantle structure beneath Tenerife using local earthquake data recorded by two dense seismic networks on the island. For our tomographic inversion, we selected >130,000 P‐ and S‐wave arrivals from ∼6,300 events that occurred during seismic unrests in 2004–2005 and 2017–2021. Synthetic tests confirmed that we could robustly resolve seismic velocity structures to ∼20 km depth. In the upper crust (down to ∼7 km) beneath central Tenerife, a prominent high‐velocity anomaly represents the rigid core of the volcanic complex; at greater depths, a strong low‐velocity anomaly reveals abrupt crustal thickening. Vp and Vs contour lines of 5.2 and 2.85 km/s, respectively, reveal Moho depth variation; crustal thickness beneath Las Cañadas reaches ∼17 km, whereas that beneath other parts of Tenerife is ∼10 km. An anomaly at ∼5 km beneath the caldera with low Vp, low Vs, and high Vp/Vs might be associated with a major phonolitic magma reservoir. Similar anomalies at ∼ sea level may represent shallow magma sources responsible for recent eruptions. Seismicity occurs in a columnar area of high Vp, high Vs, and low Vp/Vs, and may represent hydrothermal fluid migration through brittle media. Based on our results, we constructed a conceptual model of volcanic activity on Tenerife.
Eddy‐Freshwater Interaction Using Regional Ocean Modeling System in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Paul Nihar , Sukhatme Jai , Gayen Bishakhdatta , Sengupta Debasis
Published: March 2023

Eddy‐freshwater interaction is studied in the north Bay of Bengal (BoB) with a high‐resolution simulation using the Regional Ocean Modeling System. Following observations, the model simulates the trapping and homogenization of river water by a cyclonic mesoscale eddy on a submonthly time scale from October to November 2015. As fresh river water is trapped in the eddy, it is characterized by strong vertical and lateral gradients in salinity. Within a few weeks, these gradients relax along with the progressive homogenization of freshwater within the eddy. A mixed‐layer salinity budget shows the importance of ageostrophic vertical advection in addition to lateral advection during the evolution of salinity within the eddy. An analysis of the eddy kinetic energy (EKE) budget in the upper ocean indicates the development of barotropic and baroclinic instabilities. The vertical profiles of EKE conversion terms reveal that the surface freshwater was involved in the evolution of baroclinic instability within the mixed layer. In addition, an eddy available potential energy (EPE) budget shows that the entrainment of the river water raises the EPE, which is due to an increase in lateral salinity gradients across the eddy during the trapping event. Subsequently, the salinity homogenization leads to a decrease in the EPE, and its rate of decay is modulated by a correlation between surface buoyancy fluxes and density anomalies. Finally, reanalysis data show similar trapping and homogenization of freshwater events across multiple years, highlighting the importance of this mechanism on the subseasonal time scale in the BoB.
Peak Water Levels Rise Less Than Mean Sea Level in Tidal Channels Subject to Depth Convergence by Deepening
Authors: Leuven Jasper R. F. W. , Niesten Iris , Huismans Ymkje , Cox Jana R. , Hulsen Lamber , van der Kaaij Theo , Hoitink A. J. F. (Ton)
Published: March 2023

Effects of sea‐level rise (SLR) on future peak water levels in tidal deltas and estuaries are largely unknown, despite these areas being densely populated and at high risk of flooding. While the rates of SLR accelerate, many channels simultaneously experience channel deepening for navigation. With globally decreasing sediment supplies, most channels are at risk of becoming deeper when the rate of SLR accelerates and sedimentation cannot keep pace with SLR. These factors potentially favor amplification of the tides and thereby increase flood risk, but the extent to which they will do so is unknown. Here, we introduce and use a validated model for an artificially deepened multi‐branch delta to get a mechanistic understanding of non‐linear SLR‐effects on peak water levels. Results show that, when the current deepened bed level will be maintained, peak water levels do not rise on par with mean sea‐level. Thus flood risk increases less than what can be expected from the predictions of the mean sea‐level increase. The reason is that SLR causes a proportional reduction in convergence of channel area. This mechanism reduces tidal amplification. Nevertheless, SLR effects extend far beyond the range of present‐day seasonal variations, with future low water levels being equal to present‐day high water levels, while the tidal range slightly reduces. This will have consequences not only for flood risk, but also for freshwater availability, navigation and ecology.
A Study of Simultaneous Assimilation of Coastal Ground‐Based and Airborne Radar Observations on the Prediction of Harvey (2017) With the Hourly 3DEnVar System for HWRF
Authors: Lu Xu , Wang Xuguang
Published: March 2023

This study investigates the relative impact of assimilating the ground‐based WSR‐88D radar (GBR) and the airborne Tail Doppler Radar (TDR) observations on the analysis and prediction of Hurricane Harvey (2017) during its landfalling stage. Results show that the assimilation of GBR (experiment “DAG”) outperforms the assimilation of TDR (experiment “DAT”) in multiple aspects. For example, “DAG” produces better predictions in Vmax, radial velocity, brightness temperature, and precipitation than “DAT.” The advantages of “DAG” over “DAT” are likely from the better analyzed thermodynamical structures in addition to the better data availability. The average Minimum Sea Level Pressure (MSLP) prediction error is the only aspect of “DAG” that is inferior to “DAT.” Diagnostics show that such an inferior performance of MSLP for “DAG” is associated with the systematic bias from the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model. The combined assimilation of both observations (experiment “DAB”) shows complementary effects and performs the best overall among all experiments.
MAVEN Accelerometer Observations of Thermospheric Densities During Aerobraking and Deep Dip 2: Wave Features and Connections to Upward Propagating Thermal Tides
Authors: Jenkins G. , Bougher S. W. , Lugo R. , Tolson R. H. , Zurek R. W. , Baird D. , Steele L. , Kass D. , Withers P.
Published: March 2023

In early 2019, the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) mission underwent an ∼2‐month aerobraking campaign during which time the spacecraft periapsis altitude was lowered from its nominal altitude range of 140–160 km to as low as ∼123 km. Excluding spacecraft walk‐in/out maneuvers, accelerometer measurements were made along 272 orbits with coverage spanning Ls 340–3°, latitudes ∼5°–54°S, longitudes 0–360°, and local solar time ∼22–17 hr. In this study, we perform a diagnostic analysis of the full aerobraking data set by fitting 4‐harmonic waves to mass densities. We then study the variations of these waves as a function of latitude with an emphasis on those observed previously in Mars' thermosphere by MAVEN and other missions. Additionally, we utilize data collected during the same time period from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's Mars Climate Sounder to study the vertical propagation of waves originating from the middle atmosphere. Key results indicate that normalized wave amplitudes decrease with latitude, and this is consistent with the latitudinal structure of a diurnal Kelvin mode. We also observe that waves imprinted from the middle atmosphere show normalized amplitude growth with increasing altitude. A complete summary of data sets, analysis methodology, and scientific results is given. The purpose of this study is to add to the body of knowledge surrounding Martian atmospheric wave features and to provide further constraints for future numerical modeling and subsequent tidal mode identification.
Retrieving Accurate Precipitable Water Vapor Based on GNSS Multi‐Antenna PPP With an Ocean‐Based Dynamic Experiment
Authors: Wei Juan , Shu Yuanming , Liu Yang , Fang Rongxin , Qiao Lulu , Ding Dong , Li Guangxue , Liu Jingbin
Published: March 2023

As an attractive technique for measuring water vapor, the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) faces additional challenges in dynamic applications such as in the open sea. We present a new method of retrieving precipitable water vapor (PWV) based on GNSS multi‐antenna precise point positioning (PPP), which uses GNSS data from multiple antennas and incorporates the constraints of known baseline vector and common tropospheric delay. The 4‐day shipborne dynamic experiment along the China coast demonstrates that the baseline vector constraint shortens the convergence time of positioning and atmospheric parameters, and also slightly improves their accuracies. The common tropospheric delay constraint helps to provide compromised, more robust, and sometimes more accurate PWV estimates. An evaluation with radiosonde‐derived PWVs shows that the combination of the two constraints achieves the best accuracy reaching 4.2 mm. This method helps to expand GNSS meteorology to the vast ocean and benefits satellite altimetry and weather forecasting.
From the teapot effect to tap-triggered self-wetting: a 3D self-driving sieve for whole blood filtration
Authors: Li Yuang , Li Xue , Zhang Lina , Luan Xiaofeng , Jiang Jiahong , Zhang Lingqian , Li Mingxiao , Wang Jinghui , Duan Jiangang , Zhao Haiping , Zhao Yang , Huang Chengjun
Published: March 2023

Achieving passive microparticle filtration with micropore membranes is challenging due to the capillary pinning effect of the membranes. Inspired by the teapot effect that occurs when liquid (tea) is poured from a teapot spout, we proposed a tap-triggered self-wetting strategy and utilized the method with a 3D sieve to filter rare cells. First, a 3D-printed polymer tap-trigger microstructure was implemented. As a result, the 3 µm micropore membrane gating threshold (the pressure needed to open the micropores) was lowered from above 3000 to 80 Pa by the tap-trigger microstructure that facilated the liquid leakage and spreading to self-wet more membrane area in a positive feedback loop. Then, we implemented a 3D cone-shaped cell sieve with tap-trigger microstructures. Driven by gravity, the sieve performed at a high throughput above 20 mL/min (DPBS), while the micropore size and porosity were 3 µm and 14.1%, respectively. We further filtered leukocytes from whole blood samples with the proposed new 3D sieve, and the method was compared with the traditional method of leukocyte isolation by chemically removing red blood cells. The device exhibited comparable leukocyte purity but a higher platelet removal rate and lower leukocyte simulation level, facilitating downstream single-cell analysis. The key results indicated that the tap-triggered self-wetting strategy could significantly improve the performance of passive microparticle filtration.
Lysosomal Ca2+ as a mediator of palmitate-induced lipotoxicity
Authors: Oh Soo-Jin , Hwang Yeseong , Hur Kyu Yeon , Lee Myung-Shik
Published: March 2023

While the mechanism of lipotoxicity by palmitic acid (PA), an effector of metabolic stress in vitro and in vivo, has been extensively investigated, molecular details of lipotoxicity are still not fully characterized. Since recent studies reported that PA can exert lysosomal stress in addition to well-known ER and mitochondrial stress, we studied the role of lysosomal events in lipotoxicity by PA, focusing on lysosomal Ca2+. We found that PA induced accumulation of mitochondrial ROS and that mitochondrial ROS induced release of lysosomal Ca2+ due to lysosomal Ca2+ exit channel activation. Lysosomal Ca2+ release led to increased cytosolic Ca2+ which induced mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT). Chelation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ or blockade of mPT with olesoxime or decylubiquinone (DUB) suppressed lipotoxicity. Lysosomal Ca2+ release led to reduced lysosomal Ca2+ content which was replenished by ER Ca2+, the largest intracellular Ca2+ reservoir (ER → lysosome Ca2+ refilling), which in turn activated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Inhibition of ER → lysosome Ca2+ refilling by blockade of ER Ca2+ exit channel using dantrolene or inhibition of SOCE using BTP2 inhibited lipotoxicity in vitro. Dantrolene or DUB also inhibited lipotoxic death of hepatocytes in vivo induced by administration of ethyl palmitate together with LPS. These results suggest a novel pathway of lipotoxicity characterized by mPT due to lysosomal Ca2+ release which was supplemented by ER → lysosome Ca2+ refilling and subsequent SOCE, and also suggest the potential role of modulation of ER → lysosome Ca2+ refilling by dantrolene or other blockers of ER Ca2+ exit channels in disease conditions characterized by lipotoxicity such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiomyopathy or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Supply chains create global benefits from improved vaccine accessibility
Authors: Wang Daoping , Bjørnstad Ottar N. , Lei Tianyang , Sun Yida , Huo Jingwen , Hao Qi , Zeng Zhao , Zhu Shupeng , Hallegatte Stéphane , Li Ruiyun , Guan Dabo , Stenseth Nils C.
Published: March 2023

Ensuring a more equitable distribution of vaccines worldwide is an effective strategy to control global pandemics and support economic recovery. We analyze the socioeconomic effects - defined as health gains, lockdown-easing effect, and supply-chain rebuilding benefit - of a set of idealized COVID-19 vaccine distribution scenarios. We find that an equitable vaccine distribution across the world would increase global economic benefits by 11.7% ($950 billion per year), compared to a scenario focusing on vaccinating the entire population within vaccine-producing countries first and then distributing vaccines to non-vaccine-producing countries. With limited doses among low-income countries, prioritizing the elderly who are at high risk of dying, together with the key front-line workforce who are at high risk of exposure is projected to be economically beneficial (e.g., 0.9%~3.4% annual GDP in India). Our results reveal how equitable distributions would cascade more protection of vaccines to people and ways to improve vaccine equity and accessibility globally through international collaboration.
Cellular mechanisms of heterogeneity in NF2-mutant schwannoma
Authors: Chiasson-MacKenzie Christine , Vitte Jeremie , Liu Ching-Hui , Wright Emily A. , Flynn Elizabeth A. , Stott Shannon L. , Giovannini Marco , McClatchey Andrea I.
Published: March 2023

Schwannomas are common sporadic tumors and hallmarks of familial neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) that develop predominantly on cranial and spinal nerves. Virtually all schwannomas result from inactivation of theNF2tumor suppressor gene with few, if any, cooperating mutations. Despite their genetic uniformity schwannomas exhibit remarkable clinical and therapeutic heterogeneity, which has impeded successful treatment. How heterogeneity develops inNF2-mutant schwannomas is unknown. We have found that loss of the membrane:cytoskeleton-associated NF2 tumor suppressor, merlin, yields unstable intrinsic polarity and enablesNf2−/−Schwann cells to adopt distinct programs of ErbB ligand production and polarized signaling, suggesting a self-generated model of schwannoma heterogeneity. We validated the heterogeneous distribution of biomarkers of these programs in human schwannoma and exploited the synchronous development of lesions in a mouse model to establish a quantitative pipeline for studying how schwannoma heterogeneity evolves. Our studies highlight the importance of intrinsic mechanisms of heterogeneity across human cancers.
Meta-analysis of the space flight and microgravity response of the Arabidopsis plant transcriptome
Authors: Barker Richard , Kruse Colin P. S. , Johnson Christina , Saravia-Butler Amanda , Fogle Homer , Chang Hyun-Seok , Trane Ralph Møller , Kinscherf Noah , Villacampa Alicia , Manzano Aránzazu , Herranz Raúl , Davin Laurence B. , Lewis Norman G. , Perera Imara , Wolverton Chris , Gupta Parul , Jaiswal Pankaj , Reinsch Sigrid S. , Wyatt Sarah , Gilroy Simon
Published: March 2023

Spaceflight presents a multifaceted environment for plants, combining the effects on growth of many stressors and factors including altered gravity, the influence of experiment hardware, and increased radiation exposure. To help understand the plant response to this complex suite of factors this study compared transcriptomic analysis of 15Arabidopsis thalianaspaceflight experiments deposited in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s GeneLab data repository. These data were reanalyzed for genes showing significant differential expression in spaceflight versus ground controls using a single common computational pipeline for either the microarray or the RNA-seq datasets. Such a standardized approach to analysis should greatly increase the robustness of comparisons made between datasets. This analysis was coupled with extensive cross-referencing to a curated matrix of metadata associated with these experiments. Our study reveals that factors such as analysis type (i.e., microarray versus RNA-seq) or environmental and hardware conditions have important confounding effects on comparisons seeking to define plant reactions to spaceflight. The metadata matrix allows selection of studies with high similarity scores, i.e., that share multiple elements of experimental design, such as plant age or flight hardware. Comparisons between these studies then helps reduce the complexity in drawing conclusions arising from comparisons made between experiments with very different designs.
Does anxiety explain why math-anxious people underperform in math?
Authors: Daker Richard J. , Gattas Sylvia U. , Necka Elizabeth A. , Green Adam E. , Lyons Ian M.
Published: March 2023

Math-anxious people consistently underperform in math. The most widely accepted explanation forwhythis underperformance occurs is that math-anxious people experience heightened anxiety when faced with math, and this in-the-moment anxiety interferes with performance. Surprisingly, this explanation has not been tested directly. Here, using both self-report and physiological indices of anxiety, we directly test how much in-the-moment anxiety explains math-anxious underperformance. Results indicate that in-the-moment anxiety indeed explains why math-anxious people underperform—but only partially, suggesting a need to seriously consider alternative mechanisms. Results also showed that while some highly math-anxious individuals—those with high levels of heart rate variability—experienced less in-the-moment anxiety, they nevertheless performed no better at math. For these individuals, math-anxious underperformance must occur for reasons unrelated to in-the-moment anxiety. More broadly, our findings point to substantial individual heterogeneity in the mechanisms underlying math-anxious underperformance. Accounting for this mechanistic heterogeneity may prove vital for optimally boosting math performance in math-anxious individuals.
A Timm-Nissl multiplane microscopic atlas of rat brain zincergic terminal fields and metal-containing glia
Authors: Blixhavn Camilla H. , Haug Finn-Mogens Š. , Kleven Heidi , Puchades Maja A. , Bjaalie Jan G. , Leergaard Trygve B.
Published: March 2023

The ability of Timm’s sulphide silver method to stain zincergic terminal fields has made it a useful neuromorphological marker. Beyond its roles in zinc-signalling and neuromodulation, zinc is involved in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, epilepsy, degenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric conditions. In addition to visualising zincergic terminal fields, the method also labels transition metals in neuronal perikarya and glial cells. To provide a benchmark reference for planning and interpretation of experimental investigations of zinc-related phenomena in rat brains, we have established a comprehensive repository of serial microscopic images from a historical collection of coronally, horizontally and sagittally oriented rat brain sections stained with Timm’s method. Adjacent Nissl-stained sections showing cytoarchitecture, and customised atlas overlays from a three-dimensional rat brain reference atlas registered to each section image are included for spatial reference and guiding identification of anatomical boundaries. The Timm-Nissl atlas, available from EBRAINS, enables experimental researchers to navigate normal rat brain material in three planes and investigate the spatial distribution and density of zincergic terminal fields across the entire brain.
A benchmark for machine-learning based non-invasive blood pressure estimation using photoplethysmogram
Authors: González Sergio , Hsieh Wan-Ting , Chen Trista Pei-Chun
Published: March 2023

Blood Pressure (BP) is an important cardiovascular health indicator. BP is usually monitored non-invasively with a cuff-based device, which can be bulky and inconvenient. Thus, continuous and portable BP monitoring devices, such as those based on a photoplethysmography (PPG) waveform, are desirable. In particular, Machine Learning (ML) based BP estimation approaches have gained considerable attention as they have the potential to estimate intermittent or continuous BP with only a single PPG measurement. Over the last few years, many ML-based BP estimation approaches have been proposed with no agreement on their modeling methodology. To ease the model comparison, we designed a benchmark with four open datasets with shared preprocessing, the right validation strategy avoiding information shift and leak, and standard evaluation metrics. We also adapted Mean Absolute Scaled Error (MASE) to improve the interpretability of model evaluation, especially across different BP datasets. The proposed benchmark comes with open datasets and codes. We showcase its effectiveness by comparing 11 ML-based approaches of three different categories.
Effects of routine procedures on salivary cortisol in mechanically ventilated neonates
Authors: Li Wanting , Zhang Huiyue , Huang Xianghui , Ye Ruming , Lin Ying
Published: March 2023

Even though the stress secondary to invasive procedures has been investigated, less attention has been paid to the stimulation or pain caused by routine procedures on neonates. The changes in salivary cortisol concentration in mechanically ventilated NICU patients during routine procedures were monitored to provide reference and guidance for pain management. 80 mechanically ventilated neonates in the hospital from Sep 2021 to Mar 2022 were selected. The salivary cortisol levels of the neonates were monitored during nursing procedures and were categorized by their risk levels to the following groups: high-risk (endotracheal suctioning and arterial blood sampling), moderate-risk (gastric tube insertion, venipuncture), and low-risk (bedside bathing and diaper changes). The changes in heart rate were also recorded and compared. The concentration of cortisol in the saliva of the neonates was 1.5 ± 0.8 nmol/L during the sleeping state, 6.2 ± 1.3 nmol/L during endotracheal suctioning, 6.4 ± 1.4 nmol/L during arterial blood sampling, 6.1 ± 1.2 nmol/L during venipuncture, 4.4 ± 1.1 nmol/L during gastric tube insertion, 3.5 ± 0.8 nmol/L during bedside bathing, and 3.3 ± 0.9 nmol/L during a diaper change. The results revealed a statistically significant effect between routine procedures on salivary cortisol levels. Compared with the neonates in the control sleep state, there was a significant (P < 0.05) change in salivary cortisol concentration of infants undergoing high and moderate-risk nursing procedures. There was a small but significant (P < 0.05) change in salivary cortisol levels in infants who underwent low-risk procedures compared to infants in the control sleep state. Further, the fluctuation of salivary cortisol levels in routine procedures was more frequent compared with routine handling at night. The fluctuations of salivary cortisol concentration in high-risk procedures were larger than that of infants who underwent low-risk procedures, with the difference being statistically significant (P < 0.05). It was also determined that the top four influencing factors on the infants’ heart rate were arterial blood sampling venipuncture, intubation, endotracheal suctioning, and gastric tube insertion (P < 0.05). Monitoring the saliva cortisol concentration index and heart rates can reflect the impact of different routine procedures on newborns and can be used to manage neonatal pain in the future.
Intradermal needle-free injection prevents African Swine Fever transmission, while intramuscular needle injection does not
Authors: Salman Muhammad , Lin Hongyao , Suntisukwattana Roypim , Watcharavongtip Parin , Jermsutjarit Patumporn , Tantituvanont Angkana , Nilubol Dachrit
Published: March 2023

Shared needles are a possible iatrogenic and hematogenous inanimate vector of African Swine Fever virus (ASFV) in farm conditions. To evaluate that possible transmission, sixty, 4-week-old pigs were procured from an ASF free herd free. Upon arrival, pigs were randomly divided into two sets. Set 1 served as seeder pigs, and were randomly allocated to 4 groups. The other pigs were divided into 8 groups, and served as sentinels. Seeder pigs were oronasally challenged with ASFV at high (108 copy numbers/mL), moderate (106 copy numbers/mL) or low (101 copy numbers/mL) challenge titer, except a subgroup that remained unchallenged (negative control). At 7 days post challenge (peak viremia), all four seeder groups were intradermally and intramuscularly (IM) injected with a vaccine adjuvant (Diluvac Forte, MSD Animal Health, The Netherlands) using a needle-free device (IDAL 3G, MSD Animal Health, The Netherlands) and conventional needles, respectively. The same needle or needle-free device was then used to inject the same volume of adjuvant into set 2 (n = 48) pigs. All pigs were observed for clinical disease daily and assayed for the presence of ASFV DNA by quantitative PCR. All seeder groups developed viremia (except the control pigs). ASFV viremia was detected in all sentinel groups injected via the intramuscular route. Transmission rate from the IM route via conventional needles was positively correlated with virus titer in blood circulation of seeders. Sentinels intramuscularly exposed to needles from high titer challenged seeders displayed more severe and acute clinical disease compared to that of exposed to low titer challenged seeders. No viremia nor clinical signs were observed in the sentinel groups injected via the intradermal route. This study confirmed the hematogenous transmission of ASFV between pigs through needle-sharing.
Negativity vs. purity and entropy in witnessing entanglement
Authors: Schneeloch James , Tison Christopher C. , Jacinto H Shelton , Alsing Paul M.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we explore the value of measures of mixedness in witnessing entanglement. While all measures of mixedness may be used to witness entanglement, we show that all such entangled states must have a negative partial transpose (NPT). Where the experimental resources needed to determine this negativity scale poorly at high dimension, we compare different measures of mixedness over both Haar-uniform and uniform-purity ensembles of joint quantum states at varying dimension to gauge their relative success at witnessing entanglement. In doing so, we find that comparing joint and marginal purities is overwhelmingly (albeit not exclusively) more successful at identifying entanglement than comparing joint and marginal von Neumann entropies, in spite of requiring fewer resources. We conclude by showing how our results impact the fundamental relationship between correlation and entanglement and related witnesses.
The impacts of tidal wetland loss and coastal development on storm surge damages to people and property: a Hurricane Ike case-study
Authors: Al-Attabi Zaid , Xu Yicheng , Tso Georgette , Narayan Siddharth
Published: March 2023

Coastal wetlands protect communities during hurricanes by reducing storm surge flooding and damages. Previous studies have quantified surge reduction benefits of wetlands, but there is less understanding of how the combination of wetland loss and coastal development influences the spatial distribution of flood extents and damages. In this study we integrate a high-resolution 2-D hydrodynamic model with land-use/land-cover change analyses to assess the effects of total wetland loss, decadal wetland loss, and coastal development on storm surge damages in Galveston Bay, Texas. We measure storm surge flood extents from Hurricane Ike for three scenarios: (i) 2008 Baseline; (ii) 2008 No Wetlands, and (iii) 2019 “Present-day H. Ike”. We find that during Hurricane Ike in 2008, the total loss of coastal wetlands would have increased damages by a net ~ USD $934 million or 12.8% of baseline damages. For the 2019 Present-day H. Ike scenario, we found very few wetlands were lost between 2008 and 2019. If Hurricane Ike had occurred in 2019, damages would have been higher by ~ $2.52 billion or 34.6%, almost entirely due to increased real estate value and new coastal development. Our findings suggest that, while increase in economic exposure is a key driver of storm surge risks in Galveston Bay, effective wetland conservation continues to reduce these risks.
Dynamics between earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and geothermal energy exploitation in Japan
Authors: Gunatilake Thanushika
Published: March 2023

Intruding magma brings high temperatures close to the surface, thus offering possibilities for harnessing large amounts of heat for geothermal exploitation. Mount Aso in southern Japan showed frequent volcanic activity during 2016, accompanied by significant earthquake activities with tens of thousands of aftershocks (Kumamoto sequence). Here we investigate the influence of earthquake/volcanic activity on the future productivity of nearby geothermal power plants to determine whether the activity is detrimental or beneficial to energy exploitation. Model results show an increase in$${\text {CO}}_2$$CO2pressure and temperature with a spatio-temporal correlation between modeled earthquake locations and aftershock decay rates along the entire sequence, showing that seismic activity opened pre-existing vertical cracks providing pathways for the ascending magma. Interestingly, the minor but still significant eruption of Mount Aso in October 2021 may have enhanced future geothermal power generation, indicating a vigorous and active system, possibly increasing the future geothermal power production.
Modeling of wear resistance for TC21 Ti-alloy using response surface methodology
Authors: Abdelmoneim Ali , Elshaer Ramadan N. , El-Shennawy M. , Sobh Arafa S.
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the effect of heat treatment processes on the dry sliding wear resistance of the TC21 Ti-alloy at several levels of normal load and sliding speed. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been used as a design of the experiment procedure. OM and FESEM besides XRD analysis were used for results justification. Highest hardness of 49 HRC was recorded for WQ + Aging specimens due to the plenty of α″ which decomposed to αs and the more αs, while the lowest hardness of 36 HRC was reported for WQ specimens. The results revealed that specimens subjected to water quenching and aging (WQ + Aging) under extreme load and speed conditions (50 N and 3 m/s), possessed the poorest wear resistance although they had the highest hardness. While those left in the annealed condition revealed the highest wear resistance although they had much lower hardness when compared to other conditions. A mathematical polynomial model for wear resistance expressed in wear rate was developed, validated then used to get the optimum parameters.
Machine learning algorithms distinguish discrete digital emotional fingerprints for web pages related to back pain
Authors: Caldo Davide , Bologna Silvia , Conte Luana , Amin Muhammad Saad , Anselma Luca , Basile Valerio , Hossain Md. Murad , Mazzei Alessandro , Heritier Paolo , Ferracini Riccardo , Kon Elizaveta , De Nunzio Giorgio
Published: March 2023

Back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Its emergence relates not only to the musculoskeletal degeneration biological substrate but also to psychosocial factors; emotional components play a pivotal role. In modern society, people are significantly informed by the Internet; in turn, they contribute social validation to a “successful” digital information subset in a dynamic interplay. The Affective component of medical pages has not been previously investigated, a significant gap in knowledge since they represent a critical biopsychosocial feature. We tested the hypothesis that successful pages related to spine pathology embed a consistent emotional pattern, allowing discrimination from a control group. The pool of web pages related to spine or hip/knee pathology was automatically selected by relevance and popularity and submitted to automated sentiment analysis to generate emotional patterns. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms were trained to predict page original topics from patterns with binary classification. ML showed high discrimination accuracy; disgust emerged as a discriminating emotion. The findings suggest that the digital affective “successful content” (collective consciousness) integrates patients’ biopsychosocial ecosystem, with potential implications for the emergence of chronic pain, and the endorsement of health-relevant specific behaviors. Awareness of such effects raises practical and ethical issues for health information providers.
Optimization of a high-throughput nanofluidic real-time PCR to detect and quantify of 15 bacterial species and 92 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes
Authors: Downs Sarah L. , Madhi Shabir. A. , van der Merwe Lara , Nunes Marta. C. , Olwagen Courtney P.
Published: March 2023

Sensitive tools for detecting concurrent colonizing pneumococcal serotypes are needed for detailed evaluation of the direct and indirect impact of routine pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) immunization. A high-throughput quantitative nanofluidic real-time PCR (Standard BioTools ‘Fluidigm’) reaction-set was developed to detect and quantify 92 pneumococcal serotypes in archived clinical samples. Nasopharyngeal swabs collected in 2009–2011 from South African children ≤ 5 years-old, previously serotyped with standard culture-based methods were used for comparison. The reaction-set within the ‘Fluidigm’ effectively amplified all targets with high efficiency (90–110%), reproducibility (R2 ≥ 0.98), and at low limit-of-detection (< 102 CFU/ml). A blind analysis of 1 973 nasopharyngeal swab samples showed diagnostic sensitivity > 80% and specificity > 95% compared with the referent standard, culture based Quellung method. The qPCR method was able to serotype pneumococcal types with good discrimination compared with Quellung (ROC-AUC: > 0.73). The high-throughput nanofluidic real-time PCR method simultaneously detects 57 individual serotypes, and 35 serotypes within 16 serogroups in 96 samples (including controls), within a single qPCR run. This method can be used to evaluate the impact of current PCV formulations on vaccine-serotype and non-vaccine-serotype colonization, including detection of multiple concurrently colonizing serotypes. Our qPCR method can allow for monitoring of serotype-specific bacterial load, as well as emergence or ongoing transmission of minor or co-colonizing serotypes that may have invasive disease potential.
Dynamic 3D imaging of cerebral blood flow in awake mice using self-supervised-learning-enhanced optical coherence Doppler tomography
Authors: Pan Yingtian , Park Kicheon , Ren Jiaxiang , Volkow Nora D. , Ling Haibin , Koretsky Alan P. , Du Congwu
Published: March 2023

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is widely used to assess brain function. However, most preclinical CBF studies have been performed under anesthesia, which confounds findings. High spatiotemporal-resolution CBF imaging of awake animals is challenging due to motion artifacts and background noise, particularly for Doppler-based flow imaging. Here, we report ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence Doppler tomography (µODT) for 3D imaging of CBF velocity (CBFv) dynamics in awake mice by developing self-supervised deep-learning for effective image denoising and motion-artifact removal. We compare cortical CBFv in awake vs. anesthetized mice and their dynamic responses in arteriolar, venular and capillary networks to acute cocaine (1 mg/kg, i.v.), a highly addictive drug associated with neurovascular toxicity. Compared with awake, isoflurane (2-2.5%) induces vasodilation and increases CBFv within 2-4 min, whereas dexmedetomidine (0.025 mg/kg, i.p.) does not change vessel diameters nor flow. Acute cocaine decreases CBFv to the same extent in dexmedetomidine and awake states, whereas decreases are larger under isoflurane, suggesting that isoflurane-induced vasodilation might have facilitated detection of cocaine-induced vasoconstriction. Awake mice after chronic cocaine show severe vasoconstriction, CBFv decreases and vascular adaptations with extended diving arteriolar/venular vessels that prioritize blood supply to deeper cortical capillaries. The 3D imaging platform we present provides a powerful tool to study dynamic changes in vessel diameters and morphology alongside CBFv networks in the brain of awake animals that can advance our understanding of the effects of drugs and disease conditions (ischemia, tumors, wound healing).
Optimized frequency comb spectrum of parametrically modulated bottle microresonators
Authors: Crespo-Ballesteros Manuel , Matsko Andrey B. , Sumetsky Misha
Published: March 2023

Optical frequency combs generated by parametric modulation of optical microresonators are usually described by lumped-parameter models, which do not account for the spatial distribution of the modulation. This study highlights the importance of this spatial distribution in the Surface Nanoscale Axial Photonics (SNAP) platform, specifically for elongated SNAP bottle microresonators with a shallow nanometre-scale effective radius variation along its axial length. SNAP bottle microresonators have much smaller free spectral range and may have no dispersion compared to microresonators with other shapes (e.g., spherical and toroidal), making them ideal for generating optical frequency combs with lower repetition rates. By modulating parabolic SNAP bottle microresonators resonantly and adiabatically, we show that the flatness and bandwidth of the optical frequency comb spectra can be enhanced by optimizing the spatial distribution of the parametric modulation. The optimal spatial distribution can be achieved experimentally using piezoelectric, radiation pressure, and electro-optical excitation of a SNAP bottle microresonator.
Halogen bond and polymorphism in trans-bis(2-iodo-5-halopyridine)dihalocopper(ii) complexes: crystallographic, theoretical and magnetic studies
Authors: Awwadi Firas F. , Alwahsh Manal I. , Turnbull Mark M. , Landee Christopher P.
Published: March 2023

As the halogen atom on position 5 of the 2I5YP ligand gets heavier the probability of crystallizing the syn-conformer increases; 2I5Cl-Cl crystallizes as the anti-conformer whereas 2I5Br-Cl crystallizes as syn- and anti-conformers.
The effective interfacial tensions between pure liquids and rough solids: a coarse-grained simulation study
Authors: Hernández Velázquez J. D. , Sánchez-Balderas G. , Gama Goicochea A. , Pérez E.
Published: March 2023

The increase of the effective solid–liquid interfacial tension between pure liquids and surfaces with random features is due to the variations of the local pressure due to the adsorbed liquid in the solid.
Enhanced stability and complex phase behaviour of organic–inorganic green-emitting ionic manganese halides
Authors: Adranno Brando , Paterlini Veronica , Smetana Volodymyr , Bousrez Guillaume , Ovchinnikov Alexander , Mudring Anja-Verena
Published: March 2023

Tetrabromidomanganates(ii) with its bulky cations exhibit strong photo- and electroluminescence in the green region of light. Together with their high stability toward air and humidity, they are interesting emitter materials for use in organic light-emitting devices.
Developing post-modified Ce-MOF as a photocatalyst: a detail mechanistic insight into CO2 reduction toward selective C2 product formation
Authors: Karmakar Sanchita , Barman Soumitra , Rahimi Faruk Ahamed , Biswas Sandip , Nath Sukhendu , Maji Tapas Kumar
Published: March 2023

Post-synthetically modified defect-regulated Ce-UiO-66 MOF produces selective C2-based product (acetic acid) by visible light-driven CO2 reduction reaction.
Distinction of biofilm bacterial communities in practical rural sewers under different sewage sources
Authors: Zhu Chang , Lyu Jinxin , Zheng Tianlong , Wang Juan , Li Wenkai , Cao Yingnan , Liu Jianguo , Ma Yingqun , Tian Shulei
Published: March 2023

Significant differences existed in microbes from different rural sewers. Lots of denitrifying bacteria and lack of sulfate-reducing bacteria were found in rural sewers. Certain abundance of pathogenic bacteria were detected in rural greywater sewer.
Intestinal iron bio-accessibility changes by Lignin and the subsequent impact on cell metabolism and intestinal microbiome communities
Authors: Horniblow Richard D. , Pathak Prachi , Eshrati Maryam , Latunde-Dada Gladys O. , Tselepis Chris
Published: March 2023

Lignin chelates iron within the gastrointestinal lumen, altering bio-accessibility and leading to modulated enterocyte iron metabolism and changes in intestinal bacteria.
Efficient two-step production of biobased plasticizers: dehydration-hydrogenation of citric acid followed by Fischer esterification
Authors: De Bruyne Anthony , Stuyck Wouter , Deleu Willem , Leinders Jarne , Marquez Carlos , Janssens Kwinten , Sakellariou Dimitrios , Ghillebert Ruben , De Vos Dirk E.
Published: March 2023

We report the production of biobased plasticizers for PVC starting from citric by a two-step process comprising dehydration-hydrogenation followed by a Fischer esterification.
Synthesis of renewable isoindolines from bio-based furfurals
Authors: Xu Feng , Li Zao , Zhang Li-Long , Liu Shengqi , Li Hu , Liao Yuhe , Yang Song
Published: March 2023

Sugar aromatization: the efficient conversion of bio-furanics to versatile renewable isoindolinones is achieved by a self-stabilized cycloaromatization strategy.
Sonoprinting nanoparticles on cellular spheroids via surface acoustic waves for enhanced nanotherapeutics delivery
Authors: Rasouli Reza , Paun Radu Alexandru , Tabrizian Maryam
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we introduce a SAW-based platform that generates acoustic microstreaming and Bjerknes forces to enhance the delivery of nanoparticles on the spheroid's surface and improve their penetration into deeper layers of spheroids.
Carbonic anhydrase IX-targeted nanovesicles potentiated ferroptosis by remodeling the intracellular environment for synergetic cancer therapy
Authors: Liu Nian , Lin Qian , Zuo Wenbao , Chen Weibin , Huang Shan , Han Yinshu , Liang Xing-Jie , Zhu Xuan , Huo Shuaidong
Published: March 2023

This work demonstrated a nanovesicle-potentiated ferroptosis by remodeling the tumor intracellular environment, providing a promising paradigm for designing nanomedicines to heighten ferroptosis-based synergetic therapeutics.
A core-satellite micellar system against primary tumors and their lymphatic metastasis through modulation of fatty acid metabolism blockade and tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: He Xuan , Deng Tao , Li Jiaxin , Guo Rong , Wang Yashi , Li Ting , Zang Shuya , Li Jiaxin , Zhang Ling , Li Man , He Qin
Published: March 2023

A core-satellite micellar system, PCL/PTX@DSPE/ET, can simultaneously act on primary tumors and their lymphatic metastasis, including TIME modulation at the tumor site and metabolic inhibition of FAO-adapted tumor cells in TDLNs.
First-principles structure prediction of two-dimensional HCN polymorphs obtained via formal molecular polymerization
Authors: Zhang Heng , Wang Junjie , Guégan Frédéric , Frapper Gilles
Published: March 2023

Various 2D HCN structures within six topological families were unveiled using USPEX combined with VASP calculations, and direct band transitions (2.8–5.1 eV) and the high in-plane Young's modulus (330.3–445.8 N m−1) were investigated.
Cooperative photocatalysis and l-/d-proline catalysis enables enantioselective oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling of acyclic benzylic secondary amines with ketones
Authors: Long Chao-Jiu , Pu Hong-Ping , Zhao Ya-Nan , He Yan-Hong , Guan Zhi
Published: March 2023

We developed an enantioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling of acyclic benzylic secondary amines with ketones by combining photocatalysis and l-/d-proline catalysis.
Enantioselective copper-catalyzed hydrophosphination of alkenyl isoquinolines
Authors: Yang Qingjing , Zhou Jian , Wang Jun (Joelle)
Published: March 2023

An enantioselective Cu-catalyzed hydrophosphination of alkenyl quinolines was developed to access a variety of potential chiral bidentate P,N-ligands.
Sensorless force and displacement estimation in soft actuators
Authors: Joshi Sagar , Paik Jamie
Published: March 2023

We propose a novel sensorless estimation method for soft pneumatic actuators through injecting pressure oscillations and monitoring pressure response. We demonstrate this approach by sensing force and displacement without use of dedicated sensors.
Boosting anode kinetics in vanadium flow batteries with catalytic bismuth nanoparticle decorated carbon felt via electro-deoxidization processing
Authors: Zhang Qi-an , Yan Hui , Song Yuanfang , Yang Jing , Song Yuxi , Tang Ao
Published: March 2023

An electro-deoxidization processing strategy is reported to fabricate catalytic bismuth nanoparticle decorated carbon felt for high-performance vanadium flow batteries.