bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Dynamic Knee Valgus and Bone Stress Injury in US Military Academy Cadets
Authors: Little Jaimie V. , Eckard Timothy G. , DiStefano Lindsay J. , Cameron Kenneth L. , Marshall Stephen W. , Padua Darin A.
Published: June 2023

Context: Early identification of incoming military personnel at elevated odds for bone stress injury (BSI) is important for the health and readiness of the US military. Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: Knee kinematic data of the incoming US Military Academy cadets were collected while performing a jump-landing task (The Landing Error Scoring System) using a markerless motion capture system and depth camera. Data on incidence of lower-extremity injury, including BSI, were collected throughout the study period. Results: A total of 1905 participants (452 females, 23.7%) were examined for knee valgus and BSI status. A total of 50 BSI occurred during the study period (incidence proportion = 2.6%). The unadjusted odds ratio for BSI at initial contact was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–1.14; P = .49). Adjusted for sex, the odds ratio for BSI at initial contact was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.87–1.06; P = .47). At the instant of maximum knee-flexion angle, the unadjusted odds ratio was 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02–1.10; P = .01), and the odds ratio was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.98–1.07; P = .29) after adjusting for sex. This suggests that there was not a significant enough association for an increase in the odds of BSI based on either degree of knee valgus. Conclusions: Our results did not demonstrate an association between knee valgus angle data during a jump-landing task and future increased odds of BSI in a military training population. Further analysis is warranted, but the results suggests the association between kinematics and BSI cannot be effectively screened by knee valgus angle data in isolation.
Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging
Authors: Singh Parminder , Gollapalli Kishore , Mangiola Stefano , Schranner Daniela , Yusuf Mohd Aslam , Chamoli Manish , Shi Sting L. , Lopes Bastos Bruno , Nair Tripti , Riermeier Annett , Vayndorf Elena M. , Wu Judy Z. , Nilakhe Aishwarya , Nguyen Christina Q. , Muir Michael , Kiflezghi Michael G. , Foulger Anna , Junker Alex , Devine Jack , Sharan Kunal , Chinta Shankar J. , Rajput Swati , Rane Anand , Baumert Philipp , Schönfelder Martin , Iavarone Francescopaolo , di Lorenzo Giorgia , Kumari Swati , Gupta Alka , Sarkar Rajesh , Khyriem Costerwell , Chawla Amanpreet S. , Sharma Ankur , Sarper Nazan , Chattopadhyay Naibedya , Biswal Bichitra K. , Settembre Carmine , Nagarajan Perumal , Targoff Kimara L. , Picard Martin , Gupta Sarika , Velagapudi Vidya , Papenfuss Anthony T. , Kaya Alaattin , Ferreira Miguel Godinho , Kennedy Brian K. , Andersen Julie K. , Lithgow Gordon J. , Ali Abdullah Mahmood , Mukhopadhyay Arnab , Palotie Aarno , Kastenmüller Gabi , Kaeberlein Matt , Wackerhage Henning , Pal Bhupinder , Yadav Vijay K.
Published: June 2023

Aging is associated with changes in circulating levels of various molecules, some of which remain undefined. We find that concentrations of circulating taurine decline with aging in mice, monkeys, and humans. A reversal of this decline through taurine supplementation increased the health span (the period of healthy living) and life span in mice and health span in monkeys. Mechanistically, taurine reduced cellular senescence, protected against telomerase deficiency, suppressed mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased DNA damage, and attenuated inflammaging. In humans, lower taurine concentrations correlated with several age-related diseases and taurine concentrations increased after acute endurance exercise. Thus, taurine deficiency may be a driver of aging because its reversal increases health span in worms, rodents, and primates and life span in worms and rodents. Clinical trials in humans seem warranted to test whether taurine deficiency might drive aging in humans.
Plio-Pleistocene African megaherbivore losses associated with community biomass restructuring
Authors: Bibi Faysal , Cantalapiedra Juan L.
Published: June 2023

Fossil abundance data can reveal ecological dynamics underpinning taxonomic declines. Using fossil dental metrics, we reconstructed body mass and mass–abundance distributions in Late Miocene to recent African large mammal communities. Despite collection biases, fossil and extant mass–abundance distributions are highly similar, with unimodal distributions likely reflecting savanna environments. Above 45 kilograms, abundance decreases exponentially with mass, with slopes close to −0.75, as predicted by metabolic scaling. Furthermore, communities before ~4 million years ago had considerably more large-sized individuals, with a greater proportion of total biomass allocated in larger size categories, than did later communities. Over time, individuals and biomass were redistributed into smaller size categories, reflecting a gradual loss of large-sized individuals from the fossil record paralleling the long-term decline of Plio-Pleistocene large mammal diversity.
Linking genome structures to functions by simultaneous single-cell Hi-C and RNA-seq
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Chen Yujie , Xia Qimin , Liu Menghan , Xu Heming , Chi Yi , Deng Yujing , Xing Dong
Published: June 2023

Much progress has been made recently in single-cell chromosome conformation capture technologies. However, a method that allows simultaneous profiling of chromatin architecture and gene expression has not been reported. Here, we developed an assay named “Hi-C and RNA-seq employed simultaneously” (HiRES) and performed it on thousands of single cells from developing mouse embryos. Single-cell three-dimensional genome structures, despite being heavily determined by the cell cycle and developmental stages, gradually diverged in a cell type–specific manner as development progressed. By comparing the pseudotemporal dynamics of chromatin interactions with gene expression, we found a widespread chromatin rewiring that occurred before transcription activation. Our results demonstrate that the establishment of specific chromatin interactions is tightly related to transcriptional control and cell functions during lineage specification.
How an Indian dental school climbed the ranks
Authors: Joelving Frederik ,   Retraction Watch
Published: June 2023

Prodigious self-citation helps Saveetha Dental College top global lists, investigation finds
Distant antimetastatic effect of enterotropic colon cancer–derived α4β7
+
CD8
+
T cells
Authors: Feliu Virginie , Gomez-Roca Carlos , Michelas Marie , Thébault Noémie , Lauzéral-Vizcaino Françoise , Salvioni Anna , Scandella Lise , Sarot Emeline , Valle Carine , Balança Camille-Charlotte , Scarlata Clara-Maria , Delord Jean-Pierre , Ayyoub Maha , Devaud Christel
Published: June 2023

Despite the high prognostic value of immune infiltrates in colorectal cancer (CRC), metastatic disease remains resistant to immunotherapy by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Here, we show, in metastatic CRC preclinical models, that orthotopically implanted primary colon tumors exert a colon-specific antimetastatic effect on distant hepatic lesions. Enterotropic α4β7 integrin–expressing neoantigen-specific CD8 T cells were key components of the antimetastatic effect. Accordingly, the presence of concomitant colon tumors improved control of liver lesions by anti–PD-L1 proof-of-concept immunotherapy and generated protective immune memory, whereas partial depletion of α4β7
+
cells abrogated control of metastases. Last, in patients with metastatic CRC, response to ICB was associated with expression of α4β7 integrin in metastases and with circulating α4β7
+
CD8 T cells. Our findings identify a systemic cancer immunosurveillance role for gut-primed tumor-specific α4β7
+
CD8 T cells.
Optimizing Strategies for Bio-Based Ethanol Production Using Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling of the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus
Authors: Vailionis Jason L. , Zhao Weishu , Zhang Ke , Rodionov Dmitry A. , Lipscomb Gina L. , Tanwee Tania N. N. , O'Quinn Hailey C. , Bing Ryan G. , Kelly Robert M. , Adams Michael W. W. , Zhang Ying
Published: June 2023

The bio-based production of organic chemicals provides a sustainable alternative to fossil-based production in the face of today’s climate challenges. In this work, we present a genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of
Pyrococcus furiosus
, a well-established platform organism that has been engineered to produce a variety of chemicals and fuels.
Ex Vivo
Infection of Human Skin Models with Herpes Simplex Virus 1: Accessibility of the Receptor Nectin-1 during Formation or Impairment of Epidermal Barriers Is Restricted by Tight Junctions
Authors: De La Cruz Nydia C. , Möckel Maureen , Niehues Hanna , Rübsam Matthias , Malter Wolfram , Zinser Max , Krummenacher Claude , Knebel-Mörsdorf Dagmar
Published: June 2023

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a widely distributed human pathogen which productively infects epithelia. The open question is which barriers of the highly protected epithelia must the virus overcome to reach its receptor nectin-1.
Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas sp. Strain 273, a Haloalkane-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Xie Yongchao , Chen Gao , Ramirez Diana , Yan Jun , Löffler Frank E.
Published: June 2023

Pseudomonas
sp. strain 273 utilizes terminally mono- and bis-halogenated alkanes (C
7
to C
16
) as carbon and energy sources under oxic conditions. During metabolism of fluorinated alkanes, strain 273 releases inorganic fluoride and synthesizes fluorinated phospholipids. The complete genome sequence consists of a circular 7.48-Mb chromosome with a G+C content of 67.5%, containing 6,890 genes.
Community- and genome-based evidence for a shaping influence of redox potential on bacterial protein evolution
Authors: Dick Jeffrey M. , Meng Delong
Published: June 2023

Despite deep interest in how environments shape microbial communities, whether redox conditions influence the sequence composition of genomes is not well known. We predicted that the carbon oxidation state (
Z
C
) of protein sequences would be positively correlated with redox potential (Eh). To test this prediction, we used taxonomic classifications for 68 publicly available 16S rRNA gene sequence data sets to estimate the abundances of archaeal and bacterial genomes in river & seawater, lake & pond, geothermal, hyperalkaline, groundwater, sediment, and soil environments. Locally,
Z
C
of community reference proteomes (i.e., all the protein sequences in each genome, weighted by taxonomic abundances but not by protein abundances) is positively correlated with Eh corrected to pH 7 (Eh7) for the majority of data sets for bacterial communities in each type of environment, and global-scale correlations are positive for bacterial communities in all environments. In contrast, archaeal communities show approximately equal frequencies of positive and negative correlations in individual data sets, and a positive pan-environmental correlation for archaea only emerges after limiting the analysis to samples with reported oxygen concentrations. These results provide empirical evidence that geochemistry modulates genome evolution and may have distinct effects on bacteria and archaea.

IMPORTANCE

The identification of environmental factors that influence the elemental composition of proteins has implications for understanding microbial evolution and biogeography. Millions of years of genome evolution may provide a route for protein sequences to attain incomplete equilibrium with their chemical environment. We developed new tests of this chemical adaptation hypothesis by analyzing trends of the carbon oxidation state of community reference proteomes for microbial communities in local- and global-scale redox gradients. The results provide evidence for widespread environmental shaping of the elemental composition of protein sequences at the community level and establish a rationale for using thermodynamic models as a window into geochemical effects on microbial community assembly and evolution.
Diploid Nuclei Occur throughout the Life Cycles of Pucciniales Fungi
Authors: Talhinhas Pedro , Carvalho Rita , Tavares Sílvia , Ribeiro Teresa , Azinheira Helena , Ramos Ana Paula , Silva Maria do Céu , Monteiro Marta , Loureiro João , Morais-Cecílio Leonor
Published: June 2023

Within Eukaryotes, fungi are the typical representatives of haplontic life cycles, contrasting with plants and animals. As such, fungi thus contain haploid nuclei throughout their life cycles, with sexual reproduction generating a single diploid cell upon karyogamy that immediately undergoes meiosis, thus resuming the haploid cycle.
Thermal architecture of the Salmon River suture zone, Idaho, USA: Implications for the structural evolution of a ductile accretionary complex during arc-continent collision
Authors: Long Sean P. , Barba William K. , McKay Matthew P. , Soignard Emmanuel
Published: June 2023

Documenting the tectono-thermal evolution of the exhumed ductile portions of orogenic systems is critical for interpreting orogen dynamics. Here, we utilize Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material thermometry to quantify the thermal architecture of the Salmon River suture zone in west-central Idaho, USA, which records the Cretaceous collision of the Wallowa island arc terrane with North America. We integrate this thermal architecture with published structural interpretations, geochronology, and pressure-temperature-time histories to interpret the evolution of deformation during arc-continent collision in this portion of the North America Cordillera. Mean peak temperatures within four, ~1–3-km-thick, penetratively deformed thrust sheets in the western part of the suture zone decrease moving structurally downward from 652 ± 28 °C (Pollock Mountain thrust sheet), to 577 ± 30 °C (Rapid River thrust sheet), to 426 ± 32 °C (Morrison Ridge thrust sheet), to 358 ± 18 °C (Heavens Gate thrust sheet). These ductile thrust sheets are separated by 100–500-m-thick intervals of inverted temperatures that surround the mapped positions of thrust faults. We interpret the western part of the suture zone as a ductile accretionary complex that records the progressive underplating and top-to-the-west translation of ductile thrust sheets that were derived from the Wallowa terrane during ca. 144–105 Ma collision-related deformation. Accretion of ductile thrust sheets began at ~30–35 km depths and completed at depths of ~10–20 km. Rocks at all structural levels in the suture zone exhibit distributed ductile fabrics, but the inverted thermal gradients that surround the mapped positions of thrust faults suggest that the majority of top-to-the-west displacement was accommodated within 100–500-m-thick, high-strain, thrust-sense ductile shear zones.
Supplemental Material: High-temperature altered oceanic crust recycling into ocean island basalt-like mantle produces alkaline continental crust driven by mélange diapirs: Insights from isotopic tracing and numerical modeling
Authors: Liu Huichuan , Huangfu Pengpeng , al. et
Published: June 2023

Supplemental Texts S1–S9: Analytical methods. Supplemental Tables S1–S7: Analytical results. Supplemental Figures S1–S5: Supporting figures.
Supplemental Material: Provenance of Devonian–Carboniferous sedimentary rocks of the Tarija Basin, southern Bolivia: Implications for the geodynamic evolution of the southwestern margin of Gondwana
Authors: Zavaleta Arnold García , Hauser Natalia , et al.
Published: June 2023

Contains detailed information about rock sampling and analytical methods used for the development of this work. Also includes tables and supplementary images.
Supplemental Material: Provenance of Devonian–Carboniferous sedimentary rocks of the Tarija Basin, South Bolivia: Implications for the geodynamic evolution of the southwestern margin of Gondwana
Authors: Zavaleta Arnold García , Hauser Natalia , et al.
Published: June 2023

Contains detailed information about rock sampling and analytical methods used for the development of this work. Also includes tables and supplementary images.
Addressing the challenges of implementing evidence-based prioritisation in global health
Authors: Hayman David T S , Barraclough Rosemary K , Muglia Louis J , McGovern Victoria , Afolabi Muhammed O. , N'Jai Alhaji U , Ambe Jennyfer R. , Atim Chris , McClelland Amanda , Paterson Beverley , Ijaz Kashef , Lasley Jennifer , Ahsan Qadeer , Garfield Richard , Chittenden Kendra , Phelan Alexandra L. , Lopez Rivera Abigail
Published: June 2023

Global health requires evidence-based approaches to improve health and decrease inequalities. In a roundtable discussion between health practitioners, funders, academics and policy-makers, we recognised key areas for improvement to deliver better-informed, sustainable and equitable global health practices. These focus on considering information-sharing mechanisms and developing evidence-based frameworks that take an adaptive function-based approach, grounded in the ability to perform and respond to prioritised needs. Increasing social engagement as well as sector and participant diversity in whole-of-society decision-making, and collaborating with and optimising on hyperlocal and global regional entities, will improve prioritisation of global health capabilities. Since the skills required to navigate drivers of pandemics, and the challenges in prioritising, capacity building and response do not sit squarely in the health sector, it is essential to integrate expertise from a broad range of fields to maximise on available knowledge during decision-making and system development. Here, we review the current assessment tools and provide seven discussion points for how improvements to implementation of evidence-based prioritisation can improve global health.
Interventions to support medical trainee well-being when dealing with patient death: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Ibrahim Halah , Vetter Cecelia J , West Kelsey , Oyoun Alsoud Leen , Sorrell Sara
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Existing literature demonstrates that medical students and residents experience complex emotions and substantial grief after patient deaths. Over time, this can lead to burnout and depression and adversely impact patient care. In response, medical schools and training programmes worldwide have developed and implemented interventions to help medical trainees to better cope with patient deaths. This manuscript provides a scoping review protocol that aims to systematically identify and document the published research reporting on the implementation or delivery of interventions to support medical students and residents/fellows in dealing with patient death.

Methods and analysis

A scoping review will be conducted following the Arksey-O’Malley five-stage scoping review method and the Scoping Review Methods Manual by the Joanna Briggs Institute. English language interventional studies published through 21 February 2023, will be identified in the following databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Psych Info, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL and ERIC. Two reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and then independently screen full-text articles for inclusion. Two reviewers will assess the methodological quality of included studies using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument. After extraction, data will be narratively synthesised. Experts in the field will be consulted to ensure the feasibility and relevance of the findings.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required as all data will be collected from published literature. The study will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation at local and international conferences.
Association between housing damage, present bias and delayed-onset post-traumatic stress symptoms among older adults 9 years after a natural disaster
Authors: Hikichi Hiroyuki , Sawada Yasuyuki , Aida Jun , Kondo Katsunori , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: June 2023

Background

Previous studies suggest that experience of natural disasters may heighten present bias. Research also suggests that impaired self-control (in particular, heightened present bias) could be linked to delayed-onset post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among survivors of natural disasters. We examined a hypothesis that the association between disaster experiences and delayed-onset PTSS is mediated through present bias among older survivors of the 2011 Japan earthquake and tsunami.

Methods

The baseline survey was conducted for older adults who lived in a city located 80 km west of the epicentre 7 months before the disaster. Approximately 2.5 and 8.5 years after the disaster, we surveyed older survivors to assess the trajectory of PTSS (2230 participants). We implemented analyses by three analytical groups: (1) resilient versus delayed-onset, (2) resilient versus improved and (3) resilient versus persistent.

Results

Logistic regression models showed that major housing damage was linked to raised present bias in all analytical groups (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.04 to 5.87; OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.20 to 6.29; OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.15 to 6.10, respectively). The present bias, however, was significantly associated with only delayed-onset PTSS (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.14 to 3.69). In the group of resilient versus delayed onset, housing destruction was also associated with delayed-onset PTSS (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.11 to 5.37), and the association was attenuated by present bias (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.07 to 5.18).

Conclusions

Present bias could mediate the association between housing damage and delayed-onset PTSS among older survivors of a natural disaster.
Risk factors and immunomodulators use in steroid-refractory checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis
Authors: Li Yanlin , Jia Xiaohui , Zhang Yajuan , Du Yonghao , Chang Yuzhu , Shen Yuan , Mao Ziyang , Liu Mengjie , Sun Hong , Guo Hui
Published: June 2023

Background

Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) that does not respond to corticosteroids is termed steroid-refractory CIP. We aimed to find risk factors of steroid-refractory CIP and evaluate the management strategies of immunomodulators (IMs).

Methods

Patients with CIP were identified between August 2019 and August 2022 retrospectively. Clinical characteristics, peripheral blood biomarkers, and radiologic images were collected.

Results

Among 1209 patients with solid tumor receiving programmed death (ligand)-1 antibody, 28 patients developed steroid-refractory CIP and 38 patients developed steroid-response CIP. Patients with steroid-refractory CIP had a higher proportion of previous interstitial lung disease (p=0.015) and grade 3–4 (p<0.001) at diagnosis. Otherwise, absolute neutrophil count (ANC), procalcitonin were higher and albumin was lower in steroid-refractory patients (ANC, p=0.009; procalcitonin, p=0.024; albumin, p=0.026). After multivariate analysis, grade 3–4 and higher ANC at diagnosis were confirmed to be independent risk factors for steroid-refractory CIP (grade, p=0.001; ANC, p=0.046). For grade 2 steroid-refractory CIP, additional IMs did not affect the prognosis (p=1.000). However, additional IMs reduced the risk of deterioration significantly in grade 3–4 steroid-refractory CIP (p=0.036).

Conclusions

Grade 3–4 and higher peripheral blood ANC at diagnosis are associated with higher risk of steroid-refractory CIP. The use of additional IMs improves the outcome of grade 3–4 steroid-refractory CIP. These results can offer new insights to the decision-making of CIP management.
Systemic THrombolysis Randomization IN Endovascular Stroke Therapy (SHRINE) Collaboration: a patient-level pooled analysis of the SKIP and DEVT Trials
Authors: Nogueira Raul G , Kimura Kazumi , Matsumaru Yuji , Suzuki Kentaro , Qiu Zhongming , Zi Wenjie , Moran Timothy P , Li Fengli , Sang Hongfei , Luo Weidong , Liu Shuai , Yuan Junjie , Song Jiaxing , Huang Jiacheng , Takeuchi Masataka , Morimoto Masafumi , Otsuka Toshiaki , Yang Qingwu
Published: June 2023

Objective

To evaluate the non-inferiority of endovascular treatment (EVT) alone versus intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) followed by EVT and to assess its heterogeneity across prespecified subgroups.

Methods

We pooled data from two trials (SKIP in Japan; DEVT in China). Individual patient data were pooled to assess outcomes and heterogeneity of treatment effect. The primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and 90-day mortality.

Results

We included 438 patients (217 EVT alone; 221 combined IVT+EVT). The meta-analysis failed to demonstrate the non-inferiority of EVT alone over combined IVT+EVT in achieving 90-day functional independence (56.7% vs 51.6%; adjusted common odds ratio (cOR)=1.27, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.92, pnon-inferiority=0.06). Effect sizes favoring EVT alone were present with stroke onset to puncture time longer than 180 min (cOR=2.28, 95% CI 1.18 to 4.38, pinteraction ≤180 vs >180 min=0.02) and intracranial internal carotid artery ICA occlusions (for ICA cOR=3.04, 95% CI 1.10 to 8.43, pinteraction ICA vs MCA=0.08). The rates of sICH (6.5% vs 9.0%; cOR=0.77, 95% CI 0.37 to 1.61) and 90-day mortality (12.9% vs 13.6%; cOR=1.05, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.89) were comparable.

Conclusions

The cumulative data of these two recent Asian trials failed to unequivocally demonstrate the non-inferiority of EVT alone over combined IVT+EVT. However, our study suggests a potential role for more individualized decision-making. Specifically, Asian patients with stroke onset to EVT longer than 180 min, as well as those with intracranial ICA occlusions and those with atrial fibrillation might have better outcomes with EVT alone than with combined IVT+EVT.
Thrombus migration in patients with acute ischaemic stroke undergoing endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Tan ZeFeng , Zhang Lei , Huang Li'an , Qiao Hongyu , Guan Min , Yang Bing , Yang Pengfei , Zhang Yongwei , Shen Hongjian , Zhou Yu , Hong Bo , Shi Huaizhang , Han Hongxing , Leng Xinyi , Dong Yi , Lian Changlin , Chen Wenhuo , Xu Anding , Liu Jianmin
Published: June 2023

Objective

The impact of thrombus migration (TM) prior to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) on clinical outcomes and revascularisation rates remains unknown. We aimed to examine whether preinterventional TM modifies the treatment effects of direct EVT versus bridging EVT in acute large vessel occlusion patients.

Methods

All patients undergoing catheter angiography in the Direct Intra-arterial thrombectomy in order to Revascularise acute ischaemic stroke patients with large vessel occlusion Efficiently in Chinese Tertiary hospitals: A Multicentre randomised clinical Trial were included. TM was determined by radiologists unaware of the study by analysing discrepancies between computed tomographic angiography at baseline and first-run digital subtraction angiography before EVT. The primary outcome was the score on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) assessed at 90 days.

Results

Of 627 included patients, the TM rate was 11.3% (71/627). In the multivariable logistic regression model, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (adjusted OR 0.956, 95% CI 0.916 to 0.999; p=0.043) and intravenous thrombolysis (adjusted OR 2.614, 95% CI 1.514 to 4.514; p<0.001) were independently associated with TM. The patients with TM were less likely to be completely recanalised than those without TM (21.27% vs 36.23%, p=0.040). The interaction of TM and the EVT treatment effect did not significantly affect mRS shift analysis (p=0.687) or mRS scores of 0 to 1 (p=0.436).

Conclusion

Preinterventional TM does not modify the treatment effects of direct versus bridging EVT on functional outcomes in patients with acute ischaemic stroke with anterior large vessel occlusion. TM leads to a lower complete recanalisation rate.

Trial registration number
First time-resolved measurement of infrared scintillation light in gaseous xenon
Authors: Piotter Mona , Cichon Dominick , Hammann Robert , Jörg Florian , Hötzsch Luisa , Marrodán Undagoitia Teresa
Published: June 2023

Xenon is a widely used detector target material due to its excellent scintillation properties in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum. The additional use of infrared (IR) scintillation light could improve future detectors. However, a comprehensive characterization of the IR component is necessary to explore its potential. We report on the first measurement of the time profile of the IR scintillation response of gaseous xenon. Our setup consists of a gaseous xenon target irradiated by an alpha particle source and is instrumented with one IR- and two UV-sensitive photomultiplier tubes. Thereby, it enables IR timing measurements with nanosecond resolution and simultaneous measurement of UV and IR signals. We find that the IR light yield is in the same order of magnitude as the UV yield. We observe that the IR pulses can be described by a fast and a slow component and demonstrate that the size of the slow component decreases with increasing levels of impurities in the gas. Moreover, we study the IR emission as a function of pressure. These findings confirm earlier observations and advance our understanding of the IR scintillation response of gaseous xenon, which could have implications for the development of novel xenon-based detectors.
An alternate left-right symmetric model with Dirac neutrinos
Authors: Maharathy Siddharth P. , Mitra Manimala , Sarkar Agnivo
Published: June 2023

We study a different variant of left-right symmetric model, incorporating Dirac type neutrinos. In the absence of the bi-doublet scalars, the possibility of a universal seesaw type of mass generation mechanism for all the Standard Model charged fermions have been discussed. The model has been constructed by extending the Standard Model particle spectrum with heavy vector-like fermions as well as different scalar multiplets. We have shown that this model can generate non zero neutrino mass through loop mediated processes. The parameters which are involved in neutrino mass generation mechanism can satisfy the neutrino oscillation data for both normal and inverted hierarchy. The lightest charged Higgs plays a crucial role in neutrino mass generation mechanism and can have mass of $${\mathcal {O}}[\text {GeV}].$$

O
[
GeV
]
.

We have systematically studied different constraints which are relevant for the charged Higgs phenomenology. In addition to that we also briefly discuss discovery prospects of the charged Higgs at different colliders.
Dynamical equivalence of the varying G and $$\varLambda $$ cosmology with the Brans–Dicke theory
Authors: Paliathanasis A.
Published: June 2023

We investigate the dynamical equivalence of the varying G and $$\varLambda $$
Λ
cosmology with the Brans–Dicke theory. We show that there exist a point transformation which connects the field equations for a spatially flat FLRW geometry. We conclude that the two theories share the same integrability properties and solution trajectories.
Angular momentum and NMR: A brief note
Authors: Burra G. S.
Published: June 2023

Using noncommutative infinitesimal rotations, we work out a formulation for angular momentum which leads to an expression for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We also indicate a cosmic footprint of these considerations, much like the 21 cm radio signal of cosmic Hydrogen. Here, the motivation is that there are a number of “second-order effects” which provide results over and above the usual well-known results.
AN OSCILLATORY MODEL FOR GLOBALLY STABLE PROTEIN TRANSCRIPTION DYNAMICS
Authors: DÍAZ-MARÍN HOMERO G. , OSUNA OSVALDO , VILLAVICENCIO-PULIDO GEISER
Published: June 2023

Oscillations appear in all levels of biological organization. Oscillatory phenomena do not always possess a simple periodic nature. In this work, we analyze a gene transcriptional network in which we assume an almost periodic input that regulates gene. We use an almost periodic input [Formula: see text] since a periodic one is very restrictive. We show that the almost periodic model proposed has a unique almost periodic attractor. Numerical simulations show that the retroactivity is highly affected when an almost periodic input is used in an upstream system that is interconnected to a downstream system. By comparison of the solutions of the model, we can conclude that when the amount of protein bound to the promoter is modeled by either a periodic function or an almost periodic one, which is denoted by [Formula: see text], the amount of protein concentration [Formula: see text] can be underestimated or overestimated depending on if [Formula: see text] is modeling by a periodic or an almost periodic function. These estimation errors can lead to an error in the quantification of retroactivity which in turn can alter the coordination between an upstream system and a downstream one.
ELECTROCHEMICAL POLARIZATION STUDIES ON SPARK PLASMA SINTERED SS316-B4C COMPOSITE
Authors: BARANIDHARAN K. , KUMARAN S. THIRUMALAI , UTHAYAKUMAR M. , PARAMESWARAN P.
Published: June 2023

The corrosion behavior of 316 stainless steel with 10[Formula: see text]wt.% B4C composites has been investigated using electrochemical measurements and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzes are performed. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is used to achieve various heat treatments, which are performed at the temperatures of 800∘C, 900∘C, and 1000∘C. It significantly affects the materials’ ability to resist corrosion. The increase in grain size improves corrosion resistance, except at 900∘C when recrystallization is imperfect. However, grain homogeneity should be taken into consideration. The corrosion behavior of the composites is assessed using Tafel plots. The corrosion rate of the sample at 900∘C (0.2945[Formula: see text]mm/yr) is significantly lower than the rates of the samples at 800∘C and 1000∘C, respectively, as per the corrosion process of composites of 3.5[Formula: see text]wt.% NaCl solution. The B4C contents have a significant impact on the particle size reduction, low-density average crystallite size, mechanical, hardness, corrosion resistance, and thermal stability of composite powder. It is primarily utilized in nuclear applications as a neutron radiation absorbent. The research has revealed that the sample at 900∘C has fewer grain boundaries and the finest passivation film quality and superior corrosion resistance are found in intermediate grain size.
On the cycle index and the weight enumerator II
Authors: Chakraborty Himadri Shekhar , Miezaki Tsuyoshi , Oura Manabu
Published: June 2023

In a previous paper, the second and third named authors introduced the concept of the complete cycle index and discussed a relation with the complete weight enumerator in coding theory. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the complete joint cycle index and the average complete joint cycle index, and discuss a relation with the complete joint weight enumerator and the average complete joint weight enumerator, respectively, in coding theory. Moreover, the notion of the average intersection numbers is given, and we discuss a relation with the average intersection numbers in coding theory.
Finite-time stability of a stochastic tree–grass–water–nitrogen system with impulsive and time-varying delay
Authors: Pan Shiliang , Zhang Qimin , Kang Ting , Meyer-Baese Anke , Li Xining
Published: June 2023

A class of time-varying delay impulsive reaction–diffusion tree–grass–water–nitrogen system driven by Lévy jump process is considered. First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution of the model by constructing the Lyapunov function. Secondly, several sufficient conditions for finite-time stability are given by using comparison theorem and mean impulse interval method. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
Magmatic arc evolution during the tectonic closure of the Rocas Verdes basin: insights from Cretaceous–earliest Paleocene intrusive rocks of Navarino Island (55°S), Fuegian Andes
Authors: Velásquez Ricardo , Bastías-Silva Joaquín , Salazar Esteban , Poblete Fernando , Guillot Mauricio González , Chew David , Peña Matías , Tapia Felipe , Ramirez Adán , Drakou Foteini
Published: June 2023

Navarino Island is located in the southernmost part of the Fuegian Andes, south of the Beagle Channel. Its geological record documents the complex tectonic history of Tierra del Fuego, which includes the opening and closure of the Rocas Verdes basin, Cordillera arc collision and subsequent subduction processes. The geology of the island is mostly composed of the Cretaceous Yahgán Formation, a marine metasedimentary sequence, which is intruded by diverse plutons that are mostly exposed on the northwestern tip of the island. We herein present a new dataset that shows the presence of three Cretaceous–earliest Paleocene magmatic suites of active margin magmatism emplaced during the early stage of the Fuegian Andes, which are referred to as (1) the Dientes de Navarino Microdioritic Sills, a suite of pre-tectonic microdioritic sills that formed at
c.
101–97 Ma; (2) the Castores Plutonic Complex, a series of pre- to syntectonic gabbroic to tonalitic plutons emplaced at
c.
90–87 Ma, and (3) the Samantha Monzonites, a suite of isolated monzonitic to monzodioritic post-tectonic plutons that formed at
c.
66–65 Ma. These distinct magmatic episodes are recognized by field observations, geological mapping, petrography and whole-rock geochemistry integrated with amphibole and biotite
40
Ar/
39
Ar and U–Pb LA-ICP-MS. The geochemical compositions of these rocks are consistent with a continental arc setting that existed during the interval
c.
101–65 Ma. Whereas the three pulses spatially overlap in Navarino Island, the arc magmatism shows a migration (or expansion) throughout the Late Cretaceous. The locus of the arc then migrates at
c.
68–66 Ma towards the SW. We suggest that this trenchward migration at
c.
68–66 Ma may be associated with a change in the subduction angle. The three Cretaceous–earliest Paleocene plutonic pulses recorded in Navarino Island formed during the early stages of development of the Fuegian Andes, and are pre-, syn- and post-tectonic with respect to a major compressional event caused by the collision and obduction of the back-arc Rocas Verdes oceanic floor.

Supplementary material:
A detailed dataset is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6675416
Improving the Performance of CNN Accelerator Architecture under the Impact of Process Variations
Authors: Tan Jingweijia , Wang Weiren , Ma Maodi , Wei Xiaohui , Yan Kaige
Published: June 2023

Convolutional neural network (CNN) accelerators are popular specialized platforms for efficient CNN processing. As semiconductor manufacturing technology scales down to nano scale, process variation dramatically affects the chip’s quality. Process variation causes delay variation within the chip due to transistor parameter differences. CNN accelerators adopt a large number of processing elements (PEs) for parallel computing, which are highly susceptible to process variation effects. Fast CNN processing desires consistent performance among PEs; otherwise the processing speed is limited by the slowest PE within the chip. In this work, we first quantitatively model and analyze the impact of process variation on CNN accelerators’ operating frequency. We further analyze the utilization of CNN accelerators and the characteristics of CNN models. We then leverage the PE underutilization to propose a sub-matrix reformation mechanism and leverage the pixel similarity of images to propose a weight transfer technique. Both techniques are able to tolerate the low-frequency PEs and achieve performance improvement at chip level. Furthermore, a novel resilience-aware mapping technique that exploits the diversity in the importance of weights is also proposed to improve the performance. Evaluation results show that our techniques are able to achieve significant processing speed improvement with negligible accuracy loss.
Revisiting Runtime Dynamic Optimization for Join Queries in Big Data Management Systems
Authors: Pavlopoulou Christina , Carey Michael J. , Tsotras Vassilis J.
Published: June 2023

Effective query optimization remains an open problem for Big Data Management Systems. In this work, we revisit an old idea, runtime dynamic optimization, and adapt it to a big data management system, AsterixDB. The approach runs in stages (re-optimization points), starting by first executing all predicates local to a single dataset. The intermediate result created by a stage is then used to re-optimize the remaining query. This re-optimization approach avoids inaccurate intermediate result cardinality estimates, thus leading to much better execution plans. While it introduces overhead for materializing intermediate results, experiments show that this overhead is relatively small and is an acceptable price to pay given the optimization benefits.
RNAs as Sensors of Oxidative Stress in Bacteria
Authors: Buchser Ryan , Sweet Phillip , Anantharaman Aparna , Contreras Lydia
Published: June 2023

Oxidative stress is an important and pervasive physical stress encountered by all kingdoms of life, including bacteria. In this review, we briefly describe the nature of oxidative stress, highlight well-characterized protein-based sensors (transcription factors) of reactive oxygen species that serve as standards for molecular sensors in oxidative stress, and describe molecular studies that have explored the potential of direct RNA sensitivity to oxidative stress. Finally, we describe the gaps in knowledge of RNA sensors—particularly regarding the chemical modification of RNA nucleobases. RNA sensors are poised to emerge as an essential layer of understanding and regulating dynamic biological pathways in oxidative stress responses in bacteria and, thus, also represent an important frontier of synthetic biology.
3D Thermal Simulation of Thermal Runaway Propagation in Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Stack: Review and Comparison of Modeling Approaches
Authors: Hoelle S. , Zimmermann S. , Hinrichsen O.
Published: June 2023

Three empirical modeling approaches for the heat release during a lithium-ion battery cell thermal runaway (TR) are analyzed and compared with regard to their suitability for TR propagation simulation. Therefore, the experimental results of a battery cell stack experiment consisting of five prismatic lithium-ion batteries (>60 Ah) are compared to simulation results of a model that is built within the 3D-CFD framework of Simcenter Star-CCM+®. In contrast to previous studies, the proposed model takes into account detailed phenomena such as the formation of a gas layer between jelly roll and cell can due to electrolyte vaporization, which is crucial to reproduce experimental results. Only two of the three modeling approaches are suitable for TR propagation simulation of the cell stack experiment investigated in this study. These approaches either use time-dependent or spatially resolved temperature-dependent heat release rates. The proposed consideration of gas layer formation as well as the comparative analysis of the modeling approaches contribute to the improvement of TR propagation simulations and support engineers as well as researches to design a safer battery pack.
Synaptic memory and CaMKII
Authors: Nicoll Roger A. , Schulman Howard
Published: June 2023

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and long-term potentiation (LTP) were discovered within a decade of each other and have been inextricably intertwined ever since. However, like many marriages, it has had its up and downs. Based on the unique biochemical properties of CaMKII, it was proposed as a memory molecule before any physiological linkage was made to LTP. However, as reviewed here, the convincing linkage of CaMKII to synaptic physiology and behavior took many decades. New technologies were critical in this journey, including in vitro brain slices, mouse genetics, single-cell molecular genetics, pharmacological reagents, protein structure, and two-photon microscopy, as were new investigators attracted by the exciting challenge. This review tracks this journey and assesses the state of this marriage 40 years on. The collective literature impels us to propose a relatively simple model for synaptic memory involving the following steps that drive the process: 1) Ca2+ entry through N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors activates CaMKII. 2) CaMKII undergoes autophosphorylation resulting in constitutive, Ca2+-independent activity and exposure of a binding site for the NMDA receptor subunit GluN2B. 3) Active CaMKII translocates to the postsynaptic density (PSD) and binds to the cytoplasmic C-tail of GluN2B. 4) The CaMKII-GluN2B complex initiates a structural rearrangement of the PSD that may involve liquid-liquid phase separation. 5) This rearrangement involves the PSD-95 scaffolding protein, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs), and their transmembrane AMPAR-regulatory protein (TARP) auxiliary subunits, resulting in an accumulation of AMPARs in the PSD that underlies synaptic potentiation. 6) The stability of the modified PSD is maintained by the stability of the CaMKII-GluN2B complex. 7) By a process of subunit exchange or interholoenzyme phosphorylation CaMKII maintains synaptic potentiation in the face of CaMKII protein turnover. There are many other important proteins that participate in enlargement of the synaptic spine or modulation of the steps that drive and maintain the potentiation. In this review we critically discuss the data underlying each of the steps. As will become clear, some of these steps are more firmly grounded than others, and we provide suggestions as to how the evidence supporting these steps can be strengthened or, based on the new data, be replaced. Although the journey has been a long one, the prospect of having a detailed cellular and molecular understanding of learning and memory is at hand.
An Investigation of Concentration and Health Impacts of Aldehydes Associated with Cooking in 29 Residential Buildings
Authors: Kang Kyungmo , Kim Taeyeon , Kim Daeung Danny
Published: June 2023

Indoor air quality can be influenced by various indoor activities. The indoor air pollutants generated by cooking activities can cause severe risks to occupants’ health in residential buildings. The present study conducted field experiments to measure indoor pollutants associated with cooking in 29 residential buildings. Due to an open plan in Korean residential buildings, the emission of indoor pollutants was measured in the kitchen and living room. Focusing on aldehydes, the indoor emission levels for various cooking methods such as grilling, frying, and boiling were analyzed. As a result, the emission of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde was highly increased for all cooking methods. The increase rate of the emission was higher in the kitchen than that in the living room for grilling and frying. In the case of boiling, the highest concentration of aldehydes was observed. Moreover, the indoor level of aldehydes was higher in the living room than that in the kitchen. Moreover, the health risk such as cancer for occupants was assessed based on the measured data for different cooking methods. The assessment results showed that all the emissions of aldehydes for different cooking methods required instant actions to avoid cancer risk for occupants.