bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Mengoptimalkan Pembelajaran dengan Alat Peraga Teorema Pythagoras
Authors: Khadijah Khadijah
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang menggali ketertarikan guru dalam menggunakan alat peraga untuk mengoptimalkan pembelajaran dan bagaimana peningkatan pengetahuan guru-guru SMP Kabupaten Maros dalam penggunaan alat peraga Teorema Pythagoras. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada guru-guru SMP di Kabupaten Maros. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 10 orang guru. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan pengamatan langsung, angket respon guru dan dokumentasi. Hasil pengamatan langsung, respon guru dan dokumentasi dianalisis dengan menghitung persentase respon guru dan interpretasi hasil analisis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh peningkatan pengetahuan mengoptimalkan pembelajaran dengan alat peraga dengan skor rata-rata respon sebesar 4,3 dari rentang skor 1 sampai 5 atau dalam persentase sebesar 86 % yang menunjukkan guru-guru setuju dengan tingginya peningkatan pengetahuan dalam mengoptimalkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan alat peraga. Respon guru-guru tersebut menunjukkan besarnya ketertarikan mereka dalam menggunakan alat peraga. Terdapat 8 dari 10 orang guru atau 80 % guru-guru SMP yang mampu menggunakan alat peraga Teorema Pythagoras. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya ketertarikan dan peningkatan pengetahuan guru-guru SMP Kabupaten Maros dalam penggunaan alat peraga Teorema Pythagoras untuk mengoptimalkan pembelajaran.
Half-hourly changes in intertidal temperature at nine wave-exposed
locations along the Atlantic Canadian coast: a 5.5-year study
Authors: Scrosati Ricardo A. , Ellrich Julius A. , Freeman Matthew J.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Intertidal habitats are unique because they spend alternating periods of submergence (at high tide) and emergence (at low tide) every day. Thus, intertidal temperature is mainly driven by sea surface temperature (SST) during high tides and by air temperature during low tides. Because of that, the switch from high to low tides and viceversa can determine rapid changes in intertidal thermal conditions. On cold-temperate shores, which are characterized by cold winters and warm summers, intertidal thermal conditions can also change considerably with seasons. Despite this uniqueness, knowledge on intertidal temperature dynamics is more limited than for open seas. This is especially true for wave-exposed intertidal habitats, which, in addition to the unique properties described above, are also characterized by wave splash being able to moderate intertidal thermal extremes during low tides. To address this knowledge gap, we measured temperature every half hour during a period of 5.5 years (2014–2019) at nine wave-exposed rocky intertidal locations along the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. This data set is freely available from the figshare online repository (Scrosati and Ellrich, 2020a; https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12462065.v1). We summarize the main properties of this data set by focusing on location-wise values of daily maximum and minimum temperature and daily SST, which we make freely available as a separate data set in figshare (Scrosati et al., 2020; https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12453374.v1). Overall, this cold-temperate coast exhibited a wide annual SST range, from a lowest overall value of −1.8 °C in winter to a highest overall value of 22.8 °C in summer. In addition, the latitudinal SST trend along this coast experienced a reversal from winter, when SST increased southwards, to summer, when SST decreased southwards, seemingly driven by alongshore differences in coastal upwelling. Daily temperature maxima and minima were more extreme, as expected from their occurrence during low tides, ranging from a lowest overall value of −16.3 °C in winter to a highest overall value of 41.2 °C in summer. Daily maximum temperature in summer varied little along the coast, while daily minimum temperature in winter increased southwards. This data set is the first of its kind for the Atlantic Canadian coast and exemplifies in detail how intertidal temperature varies in wave-exposed environments on a cold-temperate coast.
Spatial seismic hazard variation and adaptive sampling of portfolio location uncertainty in probabilistic seismic risk analysis
Authors: Scheingraber Christoph , Käser Martin
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Probabilistic seismic risk analysis is widely used in the insurance industry to model the likelihood and severity of losses to insured portfolios by earthquake events. The available ground motion data – especially for strong and infrequent earthquakes – are often limited to a few decades, resulting in incomplete earthquake catalogues and related uncertainties and assumptions. The situation is further aggravated by the sometimes poor data quality with regard to insured portfolios. For example, due to geocoding issues of address information, risk items are often only known to be located within an administrative geographical zone, but precise coordinates remain unknown to the modeler. We analyze spatial seismic hazard and loss rate variation inside administrative geographical zones in western Indonesia. We find that the variation in hazard can vary strongly between different zones. The spatial variation in loss rate displays a similar pattern as the variation in hazard, without depending on the return period. In a recent work, we introduced a framework for stochastic treatment of portfolio location uncertainty. This results in the necessity to simulate ground motion on a high number of sampled geographical coordinates, which typically dominates the computational effort in probabilistic seismic risk analysis. We therefore propose a novel sampling scheme to improve the efficiency of stochastic portfolio location uncertainty treatment. Depending on risk item properties and measures of spatial loss rate variation, the scheme dynamically adapts the location sample size individually for insured risk items. We analyze the convergence and variance reduction of the scheme empirically. The results show that the scheme can improve the efficiency of the estimation of loss frequency curves and may thereby help to spread the treatment and communication of uncertainty in probabilistic seismic risk analysis.
Discussing Competitiveness of Vietnam Logistics Industry
Authors: Kim Hanh Vu Thi
Published: July 2020

Vietnam country is in the process of both deep and wide integration with the world economy. The world market is wide open for Vietnamese goods and reverse. Towards economic integration and opening up, logistics industry increasingly plays an extremely important role. Porter (1991), argues that logistics is a functional area that contributes to value creation. Logistics is a tool to link activities in the global value chain such as supply, production, distribution, and market expansion for economic activities. According to the Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP, 2013).Although knowing the role of Logistics for the economy, the capacity and contribution of logistics to the Vietnamese economy is still small, the Vietnam LPI is just be arranged at from 39 to 64 in the period from 2007 to 2018 according to the officially announced figures of the World Bank.From the above reasons home logistics industry, the author who is teaching Logistics supply chain management industry at Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City. Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, take a pen to write down this research.This essay analyzes the current situation, related issues and difficulties related to the competitiveness of Vietnam's logistics industry. Uses qualitative methods, uses analysis, comparison, synthesis and description tools to clarify the theoretical basis of the competitiveness of Vietnam's Logistics service industry, and identify indicators Pepper is used to measure the competitiveness of Vietnam's logistics industry. Uses quantitative research methods, through data collection, data analysis, using statistical methods, to determine the current status of Vietnam's logistics service industry capacity since 2007 to 2018, and find out what factors affect the competitiveness of the logistics service industry. Proposing key views and solutions to improve the competitiveness of Vietnam's logistics service industry.
A review of grass flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) of Karelia and Murmansk Province of Russia
Authors: Nartshuk Emilia , Polevoi Alexei , Przhiboro Andrey
Published: July 2020

One hundred and sixteen species of Chloropidae (Diptera) are recorded in Russian Karelia and Murmansk Province: 112 in Karelia and 44 in Murmansk Province. Twenty-two and seven species are new for Karelia and Murmansk Province, respectively. Calamoncosis oscinella is for the first time reported from Russia and Elachiptera breviscutellata - from European Russia. Pseudogaurax venustus is reinstated as Gaurax venustus. Taxonomic notes are provided on Eribolus nana, Polyodaspis ruficornis, Oscinella vindicata and Cetema simile. The distribution and biological data are given for every species. Point maps are provided for species with at least one exactly known location. The zoogeographical structure of Chloropidae fauna on the examined territories is briefly discussed and compared with other north-European countries.
Comparación de 2 formas de fertilización en cultivo de maíz variedad DK 7500, La Troncal-Ecuador
Authors: Vera Rodríguez José  Humberto , Cepeda Landin Wilson Eder , Espejo Galarza Felipe Abrahán  , Cárdenas Carreño Diana De los Ángeles , Inga Herrera Gavino Manuel , Balón Cárdenas Alexandra Del Roció , Granda Correa José David , Delgado Orozco Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2020

Fue evaluado el efecto de 2 formas de fertilización vía edáfica en maíz (Zea mayz L.) variedad DK 7500, en la hacienda Las Mercedes La Troncal-Ecuador, los tratamientos fueron: T1= Fertilizante enriquecido Supermagro: día 8 (25%), día 23 (25%), día 38 (50%); T2= Fertilizante convencional 30 g/planta: día 8 (8-20-20% NPK), día 23 (15-3-20% NPK), día 38 (21-0-0-24% NPK), sobre la (Altura de planta 30, 60, 90 DDS (cm); Altura inserción mazorca 70 DDS (cm); Longitud mazorca (cm); Diámetro mazorca (cm); Hileras de grano por mazorca; Peso 1000 granos (g); Relación Tusa/Grano; Rendimiento (kg/ha-1); Análisis económico). El experimento se manejó bajo un Diseño de Bloques Completamente Aleatorizado con 4 réplicas, los datos se analizaron con ANOVA, la comparación de medias se efectuó con la Prueba de Duncan (p<0.05). Los cálculos se realizaron en el Paquete Estadístico InfoStaf versión 2019. Los resultados respondieron favorablemente al tratamiento (T2) fertilizante convencional, registrando mayor longitud de mazorca 15.90 cm, diámetro de mazorca 4,95 cm, relación tusa-grano 5.38 los tipos de fertilización no incidieron sobre la altura de planta a 30, 60 y 90 días, inserción mazorca día 70, número de hilera de granos por mazorca, peso de los 1000 granos y rendimiento. El análisis de presupuesto parcial mostró que la mejor tasa de retorno marginal la obtuvo el tratamiento (T2) fertilización convencional, dejando una tasa marginal del 27.27% representando que por cada U$ 1.00 invertido en fertilización convencional el productor recobra su dólar invertido y obtiene U$ 0.27 adicional.
Sistemas de saberes propios y colaboración intercultural para la generación de conocimientos desde la URACCAN
Authors: Rojas Hooker Sandra Carolina
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo ha analizado la importancia de los sistemas de saberes propios y la colaboración intercultural para la generación de conocimientos en los diferentes procesos que se desarrollan desde la Universidad Comunitaria Intercultural URACCAN con y para los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes. Estos diferentes modos de producción de conocimientos están asociados a las diferentes visiones del mundo, que según los casos resultan propios de las llamadas sociedades occidentales modernas o de los respectivos pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes. La metodología es cualitativa y su nivel de profundidad es analítico crítico al interpretar textos vitales de la pertinencia intercultural.Los diálogos y formas de colaboración que se concretan deben ser honestos y respetuosos, de interés recíproco, que partan de reconocer que hay diversidad de contextos y de prácticas y que, la construcción de espacios para la articulación de saberes debe ser realizada sobre la base de la inclusión y de la interculturalidad
Perfil do consumidor brasileiro e hábitos de consumo de leite e derivados
Authors: Ribeiro Júnior José Carlos , Santos Isac Gabriel Cunha dos , Dias Bianca Pereira , Mendes Letícia Ponce , Barbon Ana Paula Ayub da Costa
Published: July 2020

Objetivou-se verificar o perfil do consumidor brasileiro de leite e derivados, os hábitos de consumo e o seu esclarecimento quanto a qualidade nutricional, sanitária e do serviço de inspeção desses produtos. Foi elaborado um questionário pela ferramenta Google Formulários e enviado pelo meio eletrônico no qual obteve-se 2.052 respostas, que consolidaram 99,9% de confiança. Foram questionados sexo, idade, escolaridade, consumo de leite, predileção por produtos lácteos, local de compra, diferença entre derivados, importância do consumo e sobre o selo de inspeção. Os dados mostraram que 89% dos entrevistados consomem o leite fluido, sendo que 83,5% preferem leite longa vida, 92,3% preferem o queijo como derivado, 72,7% adquire o leite no supermercado. Dos consumidores que adquirem regularmente leite cru (7,3%), 77,3% afirmam não realizar nenhum tratamento térmico que lhe confira segurança microbiológica. Quando questionados se o leite é um alimento saudável, 85,4% o consideram, em contrapartida 70,8% acreditam que o leite pode trazer algum risco a saúde, sem ciência dos tratamentos térmicos que lhe conferem segurança para o consumo. Sobre a ingestão semanal, 38,2% consome mais de cinco vezes. Sobre os símbolos de inspeção sanitária nas embalagens, 34% não sabem o significado, podendo-se inferir que esses consumidores são susceptíveis a aquisição de produtos clandestinos. Conclui-se que existe ainda falta de esclarecimento do consumidor sobre a qualidade nutricional e sanitária do leite e derivados e precisa-se realizar programas de conscientização que visem a minimização de perigos sanitários de produtos clandestinos.
Elasticidade-renda e concentração das despesas com alimentos no Brasil: uma análise dos dados das POF de 2002-2003, 2008-2009 e 2017-2018
Authors: Vaz Daniela Verzola , Hoffmann Rodolfo
Published: July 2020

Nas últimas décadas, as despesas com alimentação têm sofrido alterações consideráveis no Brasil, em virtude de mudanças demográficas, econômicas e comportamentais, que afetam as decisões e preferências das famílias sobre o que consumir e onde consumir. A divulgação, no final de 2019, de uma nova edição da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF/IBGE) torna imprescindível a investigação das modificações mais recentes no padrão de dispêndio com alimentos no País. Este artigo tem como objetivo estimar a despesa média mensal familiar e a elasticidade-renda de uma grande variedade de alimentos, comparando-as com os valores obtidos com dados das edições anteriores das POFs. Além disso, são obtidas as razões e curvas de concentração das despesas com alimentos em relação à renda, averiguando-se para quais itens o gasto é mais concentrado nos relativamente ricos do que a própria renda. Os resultados mostram que os gastos médios com alimentação no domicílio continuaram caindo em 2017-2018, ao passo que o gasto com alimentação fora do domicílio interrompeu sua trajetória ascendente, como resultado da crise econômica que atingiu o País a partir de meados de 2014. Houve reversão na tendência de aumento dos gastos com carnes, vísceras e pescados e queda nos gastos com todas as categorias de produtos light/diet. As despesas alimentares mais concentradas em favor dos relativamente ricos estão associadas a uma dieta mais criteriosa e sofisticada.
Contact Metamorphic and Metasomatic Processes at the Kharaelakh Intrusion, Oktyabrsk Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Ore District: Application of LA-ICP-MS Dating of Perovskite, Apatite, Garnet, and Titanite
Authors: Marfin Alexander E. , Ivanov Alexei V. , Kamenetsky Vadim S. , Abersteiner Adam , Yakich Tamara Yu. , Dudkin Timur V.
Published: July 2020

The Norilsk-Talnakh ore district in the northwestern Siberian platform contains globally unique reserves of Cu-Ni-sulfides with Pt and, especially, Pd. The Oktyabrsk deposit, which is one of the largest in the district, is spatially and genetically associated with the Kharaelakh mafic-ultramafic intrusion and its exceptionally large metamorphic and metasomatic aureoles. In this study, we employed in situ laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry U-Pb isotope dating of apatite, titanite, garnet, and perovskite that cocrystallize with disseminated sulfides within the aureole of metasomatic and contact metamorphic rocks. The calculated isotopic ages for apatite (257.3 ± 4.5 and 248.9 ± 5.1 Ma), titanite (248.6 ± 6.8 and 249.1 ± 2.9 Ma), garnet (260.0 ± 11.0 Ma), and perovskite (247.3 ± 8.2 Ma), though with large uncertainties, indicate that sulfide mineralization within metasomatic and contact-metamorphic rocks is coeval with the emplacement of the Kharaelakh intrusion. These isotopic dates are in complete agreement with the published isotope dilution-thermal ionization mass spectrometry U-Pb zircon ages for the Norilsk intrusions and, at the same time, notably older than available Re-Os isochron ages of sulfides. The latter ages have been long interpreted as evidence for a prolonged duration of magmatic ore-forming processes; however, our data narrow their life span. Trace elements in titanite and garnet allow distinguishing late- and postmagmatic grains, which show indistinguishable U-Pb isotope ages.
Double concentration explaining the outstanding increase in Spanish crop production
Authors: Martín-Retortillo Miguel , Serrano Ana , Cazcarro Ignacio
Published: July 2020

Aim of study: To evaluate the changes in Spanish agricultural production since 1950s in a context of intense transformations in terms of the regional and crop composition.Area of study: Spanish provinces during the second half of the twentieth century.Material and methods: We use index decomposition analysis to evaluate the changes in the value and volume of crop production, as well as the role of product composition and the regional distribution of production.Main results: Spanish agriculture have focused on certain regions in the south or in the east of Spain. Some products like vegetables or fruits have a positive prices and composition effects, encouraging the production in these provinces.Research highlights: We found a ‘double concentration’: Spanish agriculture has increasingly tended to produce high value-added products, such as vegetables, fruit and olive oil. On the other hand, crop production is concentrated in the southern and eastern provinces of Spain.
Investigating the Relationship between Cognitive Distortions and Academic Stress for Intermediate School Teachers before and during Work
Authors: El-Shokheby Asmaa Mostafa Ali
Published: July 2020

The current study aimed to investigate the correlation between cognitive distortions and academic stress among intermediate school teachers before and during admitting work at Dilam region in Saudi Arabia. The sample comprised of 120 females, with 63 trainee students from Education College, fourth year, and 57 intermediate school teachers with various years of experience. The sample aged from 20 to 23 years for trainee students, and from 30 to 50 years for intermediate school teachers. Cognitive distortions Scale, (Qurashi, 2016) and the Academic Stress Scale (Hussain,2015) were used to assess the major variables of the study. The study adopted a descriptive design to test the correlation between variables. The results showed that teachers of the intermediate stage before and during admitting actual work have moderate cognitive distortions and academic stress level. Analysis of variance showed that no statistically significant difference in cognitive distortions attributed to specialization and that experience was not a significant factor. Futher, interaction between specialization and experience was not significant. Similarly, results implied that there were significant differences between specialization and experience on academic Stress. Also the results indicated that all coefficients were statistically significant. It showed the strong direct correlation between cognitive distortions and academic stress.
Municipal Consumer Debt in South African Municipalities: Contexts, Causes, and Realities
Authors: Enwereji Prince Chukwuneme , Uwizeyimana Dominique
Published: July 2020

The payment for municipal services by the residents in South Africa has been a much-deliberated issue as consumer debts in many municipalities continue to intensify due to payment default or non-payment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the development of non-payment culture for municipal services, the main causes of non-payment for municipal services, and the measures to improve the payment culture for municipal services. This study adopted a mixed-methods research approach incorporating both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. A convergent parallel mixed methods design was adopted which enhanced the richness of data by triangulating the findings from quantitative and qualitative datasets. Data was collected from the residents using questionnaires and online interviews with executive municipal employees. Findings obtained from the study indicate that the non-payment culture for municipal services has its origin from the anti-apartheid struggle. Furthermore, it was disclosed that the reasons for non-payment for municipal services are compounded as poverty, unemployment, the culture of entitlement, dissatisfaction with service provision, corruption of municipal workers, rise in the cost of municipal services, communication gap issues, and problems associated with the municipal decision-making process. The study recommends that the municipalities should provide adequate services to the residents and adequately engage in a wide outreach to residents through various electronic media or IDP programmes to educate them on the advantages of paying for the services consumed.
The Measurement of Thickness and Velocity of Our Galaxy
Authors: Yu Jihao
Published: July 2020

Many of the ancient astronomers have emerged and made great progress in the measuring the scale and motion of our galaxy. With rapidly developed technology, we have a more ambitious goal for putting our eyesight out of the Earth. The radius of our galaxy can be easily detected via the observation of Doppler effect. The motion of our galaxy, and the thickness of the galactic plan, however, would be relatively difficult, either because what we want to know is not stable, or because no direct evidence helps. Now with the help of radio astronomy, the most efficient tool on astronomical measuring, we are able to find out how thick our galaxy really is.

Here this paper includes the method of measuring the thickness of our galaxy via the using of radio astronomy and the Doppler effect. The whole measuring is based on an 18-meter telescope which receives only radio waves with its wavelength as 21cm. 21cm is the wavelength of the radiation released while interaction between the nuclei and the electron occurs. The signal is very useful for detecting matter in space. Since diffraction is unavoidable when receiving signals on the big disk, we used the measuring of FWHM (Full width at Half Maximum) to find out the real width of the signal in the thickness measurement part when the signal is supposed to be uniformly distributed in a special range, which indicates our galactic thickness. Although we have given out a relatively precise answer at the end, unknown factors, such as the idea of precise border of our galaxy, still has a great impact on it that we could not solve. So the result, especially the thickness measuring, provides a method to measure the structure and scale of our galaxy via radio astronomy generally.
Ghanaian EFL Teachers Working in Asia: Benefits and Implications for English Teachers Working Overseas
Authors: Treve Mark
Published: July 2020

The present study explores teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Asia, their attitudes toward teaching English, the roles of teaching the English language, motivations, benefits, implications, and the reason they are highly recognized in non-English speaking countries. The researcher applied the qualitative method through semi-structured interviews with (n=4) Ghanaian teachers working in three countries in Asia as EFL instructors; their strengths and weaknesses were investigated. The result of semi-structured interviews revealed that Ghanaian teachers' primary role in Asia is to teach English and literacy skills. Moreover, the reasons they chose to work in Asia are higher salaries and better working conditions. Their inability to speak the local language and culture diversity were their weaknesses. Native and Non-native English teachers' preferences, which directly/indirectly affect English teaching, are discussed.  The respondents' positive attitude toward English teaching overseas is also investigated and presented. This empirical study revealed the globalization of English in the 21st century.
The Impact of Using Cambly on EFL University Students’ Speaking Proficiency
Authors: Alshammary Maram S.
Published: July 2020

This study sought to investigate the impact of using Cambly, a computer-mediated communication tool, on the speaking proficiency of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. Further, it aimed to explore the participants’ perceptions of using Cambly. The study employed an experimental design featuring a mixed-methods approach to data collection that involved pre- and post-testing of the participants’ speaking proficiency as well as semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The study sample consisted of 28 EFL university students who were divided into the control and experimental groups. The participants in the experimental group used Cambly to conduct audio calls with native speakers of English over a period of 4 weeks. The quantitative analysis of the participants’ speaking proficiency tests revealed no significant differences between the experimental and control groups’ post-test scores. Moreover, no significant differences were found between the experimental group’s pre- and post-test scores. The qualitative analysis of the participants’ interviews revealed that the use of Cambly had a positive influence on their speaking proficiency, motivation, anxiety level, speaking opportunities, autonomy, social relationships, and cultural awareness.
Modeling Unsaturated Zone Water Movement in the Floodplain Wetlands of the Volta Basin
Authors: Nyarko Benjamin Kofi
Published: July 2020

The unsaturated zone of floodplain wetlands in the White Volta River basin provides an inextricable link between basin hydrology and the sustenance of plant growth. The HYDRUS-1D model was used to derive water budgets and to estimate fluxes to understand the hydrological complexities of these wetland systems. The model result indicates Spatio-temporal variation in the volume of vertical fluxes. In 2005, the estimate for average simulated flux was 0.29 cm/month in June and 1.23 cm/month in July. Consequently, the hydraulic head increased from 138.94 m to 139.30 m for the period from June to July 2005. For all sample sites, the increase in hydraulic head occurs within July and October, coinciding with high surface water fluxes. From the calculated water balance, the average monthly estimate of bottom flux was 0.01 cm/month for 2004 and 1.1 cm/month for 2005. The flow through the unsaturated zone and discharging into the subsurface water system has a high dependency on both the soil structure and the volume of water infiltrating through the surface; the highest discharge is within the period of highest water input.
O cenário da educação infantil após a implantação do ensino fundamental de nove anos
Authors: Escudeiro Biazan Cintia Cristina , Monção Maria Aparecida Guedes
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do texto é analisar o cenário da educação infantil em um município paulista com vistas a identificar as marcas da implantação do ensino fundamental de nove anos nas instituições que atendem crianças na faixa etária de 4 a 5 anos. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com professores e gestores da rede pública municipal. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio de análise documental e de grupo focal com sujeitos que atuavam na educação infantil nos anos da implantação do ensino fundamental de nove anos e que permaneceram na educação infantil após a mudança. A análise dos dados evidenciou que a educação infantil do município depois da implantação do ensino fundamental de nove anos alterou significativamente o cotidiano das crianças, especialmente no que se refere à diminuição expressiva da presença de jogos e brincadeiras na rotina, configurando um cenário marcado por atividades com foco na alfabetização. A pressão por melhores resultados nas avaliações externas no ensino fundamental direcionaram as práticas cotidianas a considerar a preparação das crianças para a entrada no ensino fundamental, um eixo fundante do trabalho pedagógico.
Resenha: ASANTE, Molefi Kete. Revolutionary Pedagogy. Primer for Teachers of Black Children. New York, Universal Write Publications LLC, 2017.
Authors: Silva Maurício Pedro da
Published: July 2020

Resenha do livro: ASANTE, Molefi Kete. Revolutionary Pedagogy. Primer for Teachers of Black Children. New York, Universal Write Publications LLC, 2017.
Defense Spending as a Determinant of Poland’s Military Strength
Authors: Sałek-Imińska Agnieszka
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study is to analyze the level of Poland’s defense spending in the years 2008–2018, in the context of their impact on the military strength of the state. The research question of this study is whether the amount of defense spending included in the state budget is a determinant of Poland’s military strength. In accordance with the methodology adopted by NATO, the analysis includes the following aspects: total planned and executed defense spending, the share of defense spending in the state budget spending, the relation of defense spending to the GDP growth rate, and the share of defense spending in GDP. In analyzing Poland’s military strength, a world military strength ranking, Global Firepower, was used. The result of the research is that the most important factors that impact the military strength of individual state economies include the amount of budget spending incurred for the functioning and modernization of the armed forces.
Surgical outcomes of patients with peroneal nerve injury: a clinical study
Authors: Büyükgöl Hüseyin , Ilik M. Kemal
Published: July 2020

Background. Nervus peroneus communis (NPC) is the most frequently entrapped nerve in the lower extremity. Although first-line treatments for peroneal nerve injury include conservative methods, patients who do not show benefit are further treated with surgical decompression.
Aim of the study. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and functional results of patients who were surgically treated for peroneal nerve injury.
Material and Methods. This retrospective study reports on 20 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for peroneal nerve damage between March 2012 and December 2015. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores and neurological examinations were evaluated preoperatively and at the last postoperative visit (mean follow-up period = 10.2 months). All parameters were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U tests and results were considered significant using a p < 0.05 threshold.
Results. According to the British Medical Council Motor Strength Evaluation Scale, 80% (n = 16) of patients showed an improvement and 20% showed no change (n = 4). VAS pain scores significantly decreased (p < 0.05) from the preoperative (M ± SD = 5.9 ± 0.4) to the postoperative time point. (1.6 ± 0.3).
Conclusions. Our data suggest positive results for surgical removal of reversible causes among peroneal nerve damage cases who do not respond to conservative treatment.
Contemporary Methodology Used in the Ethics of Security
Authors: Ochmann Jerzy
Published: July 2020

The ethics of security, a sub-field of security studies, uses the same methods as the philosophy and logic of security, but emphasises its different aspects. Methods used in philosophy and logic are “a path to the truth”, whereas methods used in ethics are “a path to the good”. The aim of ethics is not cognition but actions that are proper and ethical. Nowadays, the ethics of security uses mainly three methods: the humanistic, inventive and intuitive method. The author discusses not only the above mentioned main methods, but also secondary methods used in the contemporary ethics of security: the heuristic, phenomenological, semantic, empirical, functionalist, actualistic, pragmatic, reductive, deductive and dialectic method. The contemporary methodology used in the ethics of security focuses on the attitude of man to man and directs the attention of general ethics to this aspect. However, the moral value of certain actions, as well as the methodology itself, are subject to change. Without noticing this phenomenon and being aware of it, it is impossible to face the contemporary challenges of the ethics of security nor to be an active security entity.
International Cooperation of the Polish Police and the Theory of Public Goods
Authors: Zalewski Piotr
Published: July 2020

The article discusses the involvement of the Polish police in international police cooperation in the context of the theory of public goods. The aim was to confirm the hypothesis that in today’s reality, cooperation between state authorities around the world is necessary to ensure security, which is regarded as a public good. An example of such involvement are actions taken by the Polish police. The article presents the assumptions of the theory of public goods and the notion of security as a public good. It is followed by an analysis of how the Polish police were involved in international cooperation from the beginning of the 1990s until today. The article presents peacekeeping missions of the UN, EU, OSCE and WEU in which the Polish police participated or are still participating. Then the author presents local, regional and global initiatives in which the police are involved at an operational and non-operational level, including activities coordinated by the EU, international police organizations and networks of liaison officers, as well as activities which are a part of bilateral cooperation. The presented overview of international cooperation undertaken by the police made it possible to confirm the initial hypothesis.
Constitutive modeling of nonlinear strain and time dependent behaviors of ballistic gelatin at low strain rates
Authors: Liu Li , Ding Chuan , Lu Qianqian
Published: July 2020

The present study is concentrated in constitutive modeling of ballistic gelatin at low strain rates. The relaxation tests, simple shear tests at strain rates ranging from 0.0005/s to 1.245/s and uniaxial compression tests at engineering strain rates ranging from 0.004/s to 0.208/s are carried out, and nonlinear strain and time dependent behaviors of ballistic gelatin are observed. A visco-hyperelastic model is proposed based on the Prony series and the reduced polynomial strain energy potential. The material parameters are obtained by fitting to the data of the relaxation and simple shear tests and validated by predicting the compression stress-strain relationships in the uniaxial compression tests. The nonlinear strain and time dependent behaviors of ballistic gelatin are well captured by the model proposed.
Analysis of Surface Roughness and Cutting Forces in Hard Turning of 42CrMo4 Steel using Taguchi and RSM Method
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Mustafa , KAYA Mehmet Tuncay , AKYILDIZ Hamza Kemal
Published: July 2020

In this study, effects of cutting speed (V), feed rate (f), depth of cut (a) and tool tip radius (R) on  surface roughness (Ra, Rz, and Rt) and cutting forces (radial force (Fx), tangential force (Fy), and feed force (Fz)) in hard finish turning processes of hardened 42CrMo4 (52 HRC) material was investigated experimentally. Taguchi’s mixed level parameter design (L18) is used for the experimental design (2x1,3x3). The signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) was used in the evaluation of test results.  By using Taguchi method, cutting parameters giving optimum surface roughness and cutting forces were determined. Regression analyses are applied to predict surface roughness and cutting forces. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the effects of the machining parameters on surface roughness and cutting forces. According to ANOVA analysis, the most important cutting parameters were found to be feed rate for surface roughness and depth of cut among cutting forces.  By conducting validation experiments, optimization was seen to be applied successfully.
Experimental Investigation of Water Droplet Phase Change in Humidi-fied Air Flow
Authors: RAMANAUSKAS Virginijus , PAUKŠTAITIS Linas , MILIAUSKAS Gintautas , PUIDA Egidijus
Published: July 2020

An experimental research method and an analysis of the results of a water droplet phase change in the additionally humidified air flow are presented. The diagrams of variation of the equivalent diameter of convectively heated water droplets are presented and analysed. The influence of initial water temperature and additionally humidifying air flow on the phase change of a droplet in transient regime is experimentally substantiated.
The Influence of Material Selection and Pre-deformation on the Perfor-mance of Foil Bearing
Authors: LI Hao , GENG Haipeng , LIN Hao , FENG Sheng
Published: July 2020

Material selection is one of the most important steps in the manufacturing process of foil bearing. In this study, an experimental work is carried out to study the effect of operating temperature on the damping coefficients and the elastic modulus of Inconel X-750 and SUS321. Then, the influence of pre-deformation on the damping coefficients and the elastic modulus of Inconel X-750 are discussed. Finally, this paper calculates the rotor trajectory supported by the foil bearing considering the different pre-deformation of the foil. The results show that for the foil bearing supporting the rotor system shown in this paper, the Inconel X-750 with 10% pre-deformation is the best choice.
Communication in international collaborative research teams. A review of the state of the art and open research questions
Authors: Wöhlert Romy
Published: July 2020

In Communication Science, international scholarly communication and collaboration practice still remain unknown territory. Therefore, a systematic review of the state of the art on scholarly communication practice in international research collaborations (IRCs) was carried out that included a broad spectrum of disciplines and research fields such as Communication Science, Business and Management Studies, Sociology, science studies, and the science of team science. A sample of 168 contributions focusing on IRCs were identified. The paper outlines focus and methodological designs of those contributions, provides insights into the composition of the observed IRCs, summarizes the perspectives of the disciplines and research fields, presents the insights into communication structures and processes in IRCs, and discusses the aspect of team diversity, which some studies indicate as relevant for communication practice in IRCs. Overall, research largely focuses on the structural dimension of communication, while empirical analyses on the actual communication processes among scientists in IRCs are still rare. Secondly, research is missing on how team complexity is dealt with in IRCs and what impact it has on collaboration processes and success. A third and fourth research gap are identified regarding the use of a joint collaboration language and the communication processes in Social Sciences and Humanities. Future research should broaden its analytical focus to fill those gaps. This would provide important insights from an epistemological and a practical perspective, by offering the foundation for the development of guidelines and toolkits for future IRCs, thus contributing to the success of such forms of research and knowledge creation.
Can transparency preserve journalism’s trustworthiness? Recipients’ views on transparency about source origin and verification regarding user-generated content in the news
Authors: Wintterlin Florian , Engelke Katherine M. , Hase Valerie
Published: July 2020

In a digital world, journalists increasingly integrate user-generated content (UGC) in their coverage. Journalists use coping strategies to dispel the audience’s supposed concerns about the reliability of this new type of sources and to maintain the audience’s confidence in such coverage. Transparency, in particular, is often considered as a means to preserve journalism from accusations of being biased and untrustworthy. We focus on the audience’s perception and evaluation of two transparency strategies: transparency about the origin of UGC and transparency about verification attempts. Based on semi-structured interviews with German users (N = 26), this study analyzes recipients’ perceptions of transparency strategies journalists use when integrating UGC. Most of the respondents rarely perceive transparency about source origin or verification in their everyday media use. Even when noticed, transparency efforts barely seem to increase journalistic trustworthiness.
Being a kid again: Playing Pokémon Go contributes to wellbeing through nostalgia
Authors: Wulf Tim , Baldwin Matthew
Published: July 2020

This research investigates the augmented-reality smartphone game Pokémon Go and proposes that nostalgia is one particular reason for the game’s popularity and success. We propose that nostalgia acts as both a precursor to individuals’ desire to play the game, and a variable that predicts entertainment experiences and well-being while using the game. Two studies investigate these predictions. Study 1 was conducted in Germany before the game’s release in 2016 and shows that the meaning players ascribe to Pokémon predicted anticipated nostalgia, which in turn motivated them to play the game. Study 2 replicates and extends these findings in an American sample after the game’s release. Again, meaningfulness of Pokémon predicted game-induced nostalgia, which mediated the effect of meaningfulness on eudaimonic entertainment. Eudaimonic entertainment, in turn, predicted psychological well-being. Taken together, these findings draw a bi-directional link between nostalgia and media consumption and substantiate research regarding the well-being functions of both.
Tradition statt Innovation Die deutsche Presseberichterstattung über die Wahlkampfstrategien der Parteien zur Bundestagswahl 2017
Authors: Leidecker-Sandmann Melanie , Geise Stephanie
Published: July 2020

Als Hauptinformationsquelle der Bürger über politisches Geschehen beeinflusst die Medienberichterstattung, insbesondere im Vorfeld von Wahlen, wie Parteien, Kandidaten und auch der von ihnen geführte Wahlkampf in der Bevölkerung wahrgenommen und bewertet werden. Trotz ihres zentralen Stellenwerts für den Wahlkampf der Parteien und möglicher Einflüsse auf den Wahlausgang ist die mediale Berichterstattung über die Wahlkampfstrategien der Parteien bisher kaum empirisch analysiert worden. Hier setzt unsere Studie an. Sie beantwortet die Fragen, wie die überregionale deutsche Qualitätspresse im Vorfeld der Bundestagswahl 2017 über die Wahlkampfstrategien der Parteien berichtete und zusätzlich, wie häufig welche inhaltlichen und kommunikativen Strategien welcher Parteien thematisiert und (wie) bewertet wurden. Unsere Analyse zeigt, dass die Wahlkampfstrategien der Parteien für die Medien ein interessantes und berichtenswertes Wahlkampfthema darstellen: Jeder zweite Wahlkampfartikel thematisierte sie. Ein besonderer Fokus wurde dabei auf die Wahlkampfstrategien der beiden großen Volksparteien CDU/CSU und SPD gelegt - die der kleineren Parteien fanden in der Medienberichterstattung weniger Beachtung. Eine Ausnahme bildete der strategische Wahlkampf von FDP und AfD, die mit ungewöhnlichen bzw. provokanten Kampagnen die mediale Aufmerksamkeit auf sich lenken konnten. Allerdings wurde in der Wahlkampfberichterstattung nur ein sehr begrenztes und überwiegend negatives Bild von den Wahlkampfstrategien der Parteien gezeichnet. Die Berichterstattung konzentrierte sich auf traditionelle kommunikative Strategien, wie Wahlplakate und Wahlkampfauftritte einzelner Politiker; modernere oder gar innovativere Formen fanden hingegen kaum Erwähnung.
„Unterstützt durch Produktplatzierung“: Die Perspektive der Eltern gegenüber Regulierungsmaßnahmen für eingebettete Werbeformen in Film und Fernsehen
Authors: Spielvogel Ines , Naderer Brigitte , Matthes Jörg , Obereder Agnes
Published: July 2020

Kinder sind regelmäßig eingebetteten Werbeformen wie Produktplatzierungen (PP) ausgesetzt. Und obwohl Eltern die Konsumentensozialisation ihrer Kinder wesentlich beeinflussen, wurde der Perspektive der Eltern gegenüber dieser Werbeform und den damit verbundenen staatlichen Regulierungsmaßnahmen bis dato kaum Beachtung geschenkt. Die spärlichen Ergebnisse in diesem Forschungsbereich zeigen, dass Eltern PP kritisch gegenüberstehen und sich in Kinderprogrammen eine stärkere Regulierung wünschen. Zwei schriftliche Befragungen untersuchten die Regulierungswünsche von Eltern, deren Einstellungen gegenüber einer aktuellen Regulierungsmaßnahme (Einblendung von Hinweisen auf PP) und deren Bewertungen der praktischen Umsetzung dieser aufklärenden Botschaften. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich Eltern in erster Linie für ein gänzliches Verbot von PP in kindergerechten Inhalten aussprechen und diese Form der Regulierung stärker begrüßen würden als die derzeit umgesetzten Hinweise. Sowohl die Regulierungswünsche der Eltern als auch deren Einstellungen gegenüber den PP-Hinweisen und deren Bewertungen der praktischen Umsetzung stehen in Zusammenhang mit elterlichen Attributen wie dem werblichen Mediationsstil. Die Ergebnisse haben zudem gezeigt, dass Eltern nur beschränkt dazu in der Lage sind, ihre Kinder hinsichtlich PP zu sozialisieren. Vor allem aber scheint die bestehende Regulierung durch PP-Hinweise nicht bei allen Elternteilen gleichermaßen eine unterstützende Rolle bei der Förderung des kindlichen Persuasionswissens einzunehmen.
Irritation of Life
Authors: Metelmann Jörg , Loren Scott
Published: July 2020

Das Buch führt zunächst die zentralen theoretischen Begriffe ein und entwickelt daraus im Anschluss an Elsaesser/Hagener ein allgemeines Modell der Filmanalyse, das die Affektordnung des Films historisch und systematisch erschliesst (Film- und Wahrnehmungsgeschichte, Genre, Stil). Den Hauptteil bilden drei ausführlichen Lektüren, die das Filmwerk von Haneke, Lynch und von Trier erläutern.
Sound für Videospiele
Authors: Leenders Matts Johan
Published: July 2020

Videospiele zeichnen sich durch einen hohen Grad an Immersion aus, der ein zentrales Ziel der gestalterischen Arbeit, auch im Bereich des Tons darstellt. Der Autor, selbst Toningenieur, bietet einen breiten Überblick über die Produktion von Ton und Musik für Videospiele.
Spielerische Fiktionen – Genrekonzepte in Videospielen
Authors: Rauscher Andreas
Published: July 2020

Videospiele prägen nicht nur auf Grund ihres enormen Erfolgs und der kreativen Leistungen im Gamedesign maßgeblich die gegenwärtige Kulturlandschaft. Seit den späten 1990er-Jahren werden sie im interdisziplinären Forschungsfeld der Game Studies auch intensiv und mit zunehmend vielseitigeren Ansätzen im akademischen Kontext diskutiert. Spielerische Fiktionen untersucht die audiovisuellen und dramaturgischen Besonderheiten der prägendsten Game-Genres, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des diffizilen Austauschverhältnisses zwischen Filmen und Videospielen.
Schnittstellen – Serienmord im Film
Authors: Höltgen Stefan
Published: July 2020

Der Autor untersucht die Einfluss- und Rückflussmechanismen zwischen dem Serienmörderfilm und der Kriminalistik, Kunstgeschichte, Zensurgeschichte, Medienwirkungsdebatten und anderer gesellschaftlicher und wissenschaftlicher Diskurse. Hierzu wird zunächst die Frage nach dem konstruktivistischen Charakter des Films gestellt – wie dieser das Weltwissen seiner Zuschauer formatiert.