bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reorienting Agricultural Education System in India
Authors: SRIVASTAVA UMESH
Published: September 2020

In order to revitalize Indian education system, the Government of India has recently approved National Education Policy-2020 (NEP-2020) and proposed sweeping changes including opening up of Indian higher education to foreign universities, dismantling of the UGC and the AICTE, introduction of a 4-year multidisciplinary undergraduate program with multiple exit options, and discontinuation of the M Phil program. It aims at making ‘India a global knowledge superpower’. In the light of National Education Policy-2020, agricultural education system needs to be redefined in India as it increases knowledge or information and farmer’s capacity to learn. As the level of agricultural education increases, farmers will become more and more self-reliant and will depend more on their self-studies dealing with farming. It is suggested that reorientation of agricultural higher education in context of globalization, food security, diversification, sustainability of ecosystems, and agribusiness is necessary. The curriculum of agricultural higher education needs to be made more broad based and manpower has to be trained scientifically in topics such as biotechnology, genetic engineering, agro-meteorology, environmental science, agro-ecology, computer application, information technology, conservation of natural and human resources, specialized job-oriented courses, and trade and export in agribusiness. Finally, adequate emphasis should be placed on practical skills and entrepreneurial capabilities among the students to achieve excellence. To properly address the challenges faced by today’s Indian agriculture, competent human resource in sufficiently large numbers would be required in the near future. There is a vast scope for young graduates to undertake agriculture as their profession which is directly or indirectly contributing to the economic and social development of the country.
Integrated Nutrient Management Package for Field Cultivation of Makhana in North Bihar
Authors: SINGH I. S. , KUMAR MANOJ , RAUT S. M. , THAKUR A. K. , SINGH S. P.
Published: September 2020

Makhana (Euryale ferox Salisb.) cultivation in field conditions has just begun, making it imperative to develop an integrated nutrient management (INM) package for realizing the yield potential of makhana in north Bihar. A three year experiment was carried out. Application of NPK @75:45:30 kg ha-1 led to a yield improvement of 10% over control, with an additional improvement of 8.2% by NPK @100:60:40 kg ha-1, which was 19% higher than the yield under control. No yield increment was recorded with further increase in NPK i.e. @125:75:50 kg ha-1. However, T3 in combination with FYM @20 t ha-1 caused 22% yield enhancement over NPK @100:60:40 kg ha-1 and 45.2% over control. Even the sole application of FYM @20 t ha-1 resulted in 28% higher yield compared to control and 7.6% yield advantage over NPK @100:60:40 kg ha-1. Clearly, makhana yield was boosted by both NPK and FYM, applied alone or in combination. However, the effect of FYM was more pronounced than that of NPK, implying that the yield of makhana was not limited as much by NPK availability as by the factors contributed by FYM application. FYM-induced increases in organic C and micronutrients could be credited for better yield boosting effect of FYM. To conclude, an INM package consisting of NPK @100:60:40 kg ha-1 with FYM @20 t ha-1 is recommended for materializing the yield potential of makhana in field conditions of north Bihar.
Evaluation of Training with Reference to Socio Personal Attributes affecting Knowledge and Skills of Cocoa Farmers of North East Region
Authors: SINGH L. S. , UCHOI ANOK , RIZAL S. K. , DAS ALPANA , DAS GANESH
Published: September 2020

Knowledge, skill and attitudes are the most important factors affecting socio personal attributes of human resources. ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Research Centre, Kahikuchi, organizes training to develop more skilled workforce. Training of two batches of 50 farmers each on cocoa cultivation and processing technology was conducted for three consecutive days both during 2016 and 2017. The study was done mainly to create awareness and disseminate the new technologies on cocoa and to study their feedback concerning cocoa cultivation and processing technique. Socio personal attributes of the farmers, pre and post evaluation and perception of the trainees are studied to understand the level of change in their knowledge and skill after undergoing training. Majority of the respondent was found to possess positive impact in the development of knowledge and skill on scientific method of cocoa cultivation and processing technique. The study also showed that education qualification and mass media exposure were found to help enhance knowledge and skill of the trainees.
Management of collar rot disease in chickpea by Trichoderma species
Authors: PANDEY PREM , SAGAR G. C. , SHRESTHA2 SUNDARMAN , MANANDHAR HIRAKAJI , YADAV RITESH K. , DEVKOTA RICHA
Published: September 2020

Nine isolates of Trichoderma spp. were isolated from different agro- ecological regions of Nepal viz; Jumla, Palpa, Chitwan, Tarahara, Banke, Illam and Salyan and screened against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. Adreded soil borne phytopathogen causing collar rot of chickpea in chickpea; In-vitro efficacy of nine fungal antagonist (Trichoderma spp.) against Sclerotium rolfsii were screened. Pot experiment was done to find out the effective management of S. rolfsi through Tricoderma using different methods i.e. Seed treatment, soil drenching and soil application. All the tested isolates of Trichoderma spp. were found effective on mycelial growth inhibition and sclerotial parasitization of S. rolfsii. Trichoderma isolated from Palpa district showed maximum growth inhibition (%) of pathogen periodically after 48(93.78%), 72(96.00%), 96(97.96%) and 120(100.00%) hours of inoculation. Parasitized sclerotium showed minimum sclerotial germination on agar plates. Moreover, Trichoderma species isolated from Palpa districts showed second best percent mycelial growth inhibition periodically at 72(25.00%), 120(29.16%), 168(29.16%) and 216(29.16%).In pot experiment at 40 days after sowing, Seedling height was maximum in soil drenching with 30g per 100ml of water (22.27cm) and Mortality percentage of seedlings was least or highest disease control was observed in seed treated with 109cfu/ml (0.000%).
The Role of Media’s Security upon Counter Terrorism Threat in Kurdistan Region
Authors: Hama Yohan Othman , Fathulla Ibrahim Saeed
Published: September 2020

The objective of this research is to detect the role of Asayesh (Security directorate)’s media on public awareness upon counter-terrorism issues in Kurdistan region. A range of Kurdistan region’s university academic members have been taken as survey sample.

Through a questionnaire form the research which sought the opinions of a representative sample of academic staff at formal Universities in Kurdistan region as they considers elite of society, and their opinions and evaluations matter , and have to be taken for consideration. The Respondents were invited to complete the questionnaire to indicate the cons and pros of Asayesh (security) directorate’s media in Kurdistan region, in particular upon public awareness upon terror and security issues.

The research concludes that academic members of Kurdistan region universities still depend on television as media platform to be aware of Asayesh’s public announcements on counter terrorism issues , they also emphasize that their messages affects their perceptions  towards issues of counter-terrorism.
Utilizing Machine Learning on Internet Search Activity to Support the Diagnostic Process and Relapse Detection in Young Individuals With Early Psychosis: Feasibility Study
Authors: Birnbaum Michael Leo , Kulkarni Prathamesh "Param" , Van Meter Anna , Chen Victor , Rizvi Asra F , Arenare Elizabeth , De Choudhury Munmun , Kane John M
Published: September 2020

Background

Psychiatry is nearly entirely reliant on patient self-reporting, and there are few objective and reliable tests or sources of collateral information available to help diagnostic and assessment procedures. Technology offers opportunities to collect objective digital data to complement patient experience and facilitate more informed treatment decisions.

Objective

We aimed to develop computational algorithms based on internet search activity designed to support diagnostic procedures and relapse identification in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Methods

We extracted 32,733 time-stamped search queries across 42 participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 74 healthy volunteers between the ages of 15 and 35 (mean 24.4 years, 44.0% male), and built machine-learning diagnostic and relapse classifiers utilizing the timing, frequency, and content of online search activity.

Results

Classifiers predicted a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders with an area under the curve value of 0.74 and predicted a psychotic relapse in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with an area under the curve of 0.71. Compared with healthy participants, those with schizophrenia spectrum disorders made fewer searches and their searches consisted of fewer words. Prior to a relapse hospitalization, participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were more likely to use words related to hearing, perception, and anger, and were less likely to use words related to health.

Conclusions

Online search activity holds promise for gathering objective and easily accessed indicators of psychiatric symptoms. Utilizing search activity as collateral behavioral health information would represent a major advancement in efforts to capitalize on objective digital data to improve mental health monitoring.
Nowcasting Sexually Transmitted Infections in Chicago: Predictive Modeling and Evaluation Study Using Google Trends
Authors: Johnson Amy Kristen , Bhaumik Runa , Tabidze Irina , Mehta Supriya D
Published: September 2020

Background

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose a significant public health challenge in the United States. Traditional surveillance systems are adversely affected by data quality issues, underreporting of cases, and reporting delays, resulting in missed prevention opportunities to respond to trends in disease prevalence. Search engine data can potentially facilitate an efficient and economical enhancement to surveillance reporting systems established for STIs.

Objective

We aimed to develop and train a predictive model using reported STI case data from Chicago, Illinois, and to investigate the model’s predictive capacity, timeliness, and ability to target interventions to subpopulations using Google Trends data.

Methods

Deidentified STI case data for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and primary and secondary syphilis from 2011-2017 were obtained from the Chicago Department of Public Health. The data set included race/ethnicity, age, and birth sex. Google Correlate was used to identify the top 100 correlated search terms with “STD symptoms,” and an autocrawler was established using Google Health Application Programming Interface to collect the search volume for each term. Elastic net regression was used to evaluate prediction accuracy, and cross-correlation analysis was used to identify timeliness of prediction. Subgroup elastic net regression analysis was performed for race, sex, and age.

Results

For gonorrhea and chlamydia, actual and predicted STI values correlated moderately in 2011 (chlamydia: r=0.65; gonorrhea: r=0.72) but correlated highly (chlamydia: r=0.90; gonorrhea: r=0.94) from 2012 to 2017. However, for primary and secondary syphilis, the high correlation was observed only for 2012 (r=0.79), 2013 (r=0.77), 2016 (0.80), and 2017 (r=0.84), with 2011, 2014, and 2015 showing moderate correlations (r=0.55-0.70). Model performance was the most accurate (highest correlation and lowest mean absolute error) for gonorrhea. Subgroup analyses improved model fit across disease and year. Regression models using search terms selected from the cross-correlation analysis improved the prediction accuracy and timeliness across diseases and years.

Conclusions

Integrating nowcasting with Google Trends in surveillance activities can potentially enhance the prediction and timeliness of outbreak detection and response as well as target interventions to subpopulations. Future studies should prospectively examine the utility of Google Trends applied to STI surveillance and response.
Assessing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain: Large-Scale, Online, Self-Reported Population Survey
Authors: Oliver Nuria , Barber Xavier , Roomp Kirsten , Roomp Kristof
Published: September 2020

Background

Spain has been one of the countries most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the first confirmed case was reported on January 31, 2020, there have been over 405,000 cases and 28,000 deaths in Spain. The economic and social impact is without precedent. Thus, it is important to quickly assess the situation and perception of the population. Large-scale online surveys have been shown to be an effective tool for this purpose.

Objective

We aim to assess the situation and perception of the Spanish population in four key areas related to the COVID-19 pandemic: social contact behavior during confinement, personal economic impact, labor situation, and health status.

Methods

We obtained a large sample using an online survey with 24 questions related to COVID-19 in the week of March 28-April 2, 2020, during the peak of the first wave of COVID-19 in Spain. The self-selection online survey method of nonprobability sampling was used to recruit 156,614 participants via social media posts that targeted the general adult population (age >18 years). Given such a large sample, the 95% CI was ±0.843 for all reported proportions.

Results

Regarding social behavior during confinement, participants mainly left their homes to satisfy basic needs. We found several statistically significant differences in social behavior across genders and age groups. The population’s willingness to comply with the confinement measures is evident. From the survey answers, we identified a significant adverse economic impact of the pandemic on those working in small businesses and a negative correlation between economic damage and willingness to stay in confinement. The survey revealed that close contacts play an important role in the transmission of the disease, and 28% of the participants lacked the necessary resources to properly isolate themselves. We also identified a significant lack of testing, with only 1% of the population tested and 6% of respondents unable to be tested despite their doctor’s recommendation. We developed a generalized linear model to identify the variables that were correlated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. Using this model, we estimated an average of 5% for SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in the Spanish population during the time of the study. A seroprevalence study carried out later by the Spanish Ministry of Health reported a similar level of disease prevalence (5%).

Conclusions

Large-scale online population surveys, distributed via social media and online messaging platforms, can be an effective, cheap, and fast tool to assess the impact and prevalence of an infectious disease in the context of a pandemic, particularly when there is a scarcity of official data and limited testing capacity.
Association Between General self-efficacy and Perceived Stress, Life Satisfaction: A Cross-sectional Study Among Chinese Medical Students (Preprint)
Authors: Ma Yanan , Yan Nan , Liang Hong , Zhang Xirui , Liu Wen , Gao Jie , Wang Lining , Chen Jingxian , Shen Chaonan
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

The level of stress and life satisfaction of medical students plays a pronounced role in their mental development. Unfortunately, some of them may face huge psychological pressure. To better understand how to alleviate and improve their psychological problems has become an urgent problem.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate whether and to what extent general self-efﬁcacy was related to medical students' stress state and life satisfaction level.

METHODS

This is a cross-sectional, observational study conducted among medical students in grades one to four from a medical college in Shenyang. All of the information was collected by questionnaire, which included sociodemographic data, life satisfaction index B (LSIB), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Stress Response questionnaire (SRQ). Also, the questionnaires are demonstrated adequate reliability and validity. Linear regression models were used to calculate β and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for potential factors.

RESULTS

A total of 1543 medical students completed the survey, including 441 boys (28.58%) and 1102 girls (71.42%). General self-efficacy was significantly associated with emotional response (β, -1.37; 95% CI, -2.24, -0.49), physical response (β, -0.60; 95% CI, -1.13, -0.07), behavior response (β, -0.78; 95% CI, -1.20, -0.36) and the total stress response score (β , -2.60; 95% CI, -4.39, -0.80) adjusting for confounding factors. A positive belief about life satisfaction was associated with general self-efficacy (β, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.70, 1.31). The association between general self-efficacy, stress, and life satisfaction were also found in the stratified analyses. Moreover, the current research also revealed the interesting interactions between general self-efficacy and confounding factors.

CONCLUSIONS

We observed the negative associations between general self-efﬁcacy and stress, while the positive associations between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Moreover, regular psychological counseling should be provided to medical students. However, it is also necessary to confirm our findings and clarify the potential specific mechanisms in future studies.
Analisis Potensial Gravitasi Disebakan oleh Bodi Menyerupai Bola
Authors: Setiawan Ari
Published: September 2020

Ada perbedaan dalam menentukan bentuk spheroid referensi. Perataan bumi sudah ditemukan dan diukur pada akhir abad ke-18. Terlihat bahwa jarak antara derajat garis lintang yang diukur, misalnya dengan sextant, berbeda dari yang diharapkan dari bola. Pada 1743, Clairaut menunjukkan bahwa spheroid referensi juga dapat dihitung langsung dari medan gravitasi yang diukur g. Penurunannya didasarkan pada perhitungan potensial U pada titik P karena bentuk benda hampir bulat, dan hanya berlaku untuk titik di luar atau dalam batas pada permukaan benda. Bagaimana pengukuran gravitasi yang digunakan untuk menentukan spheroid referensi dikenal sebagai rumus MacCullagh. Penyelesaian perhitungan potensial dapat diselesaiakan dengan Persamaan Laplace ∆2U = 0, dalam koordinat bola. Bidang potensial di luar sumber memenuhi Persamaan Laplace, solusinya berikut:U(r,θ,φ) = R(r)O(θ)Q(φ). Solusi generik untuk U didapat dengan menggabungkan perilaku radial, longitudinal dan latitudinal pada persamaan yang dikenal dengan harmonik bola solid derajat l dan orde m. Dalam penelitian telah divisualisasikan perilaku harmonik bola berdasarkan nilai l dan m untuk mengidentifikasi tiga jenis harmonik yaitu harmonik zonal, sektoral, dan tesseral, dan visualisasi gravitasi di dalam dan diluar lembaran tipis massa sebuah bola.
Analisis Densitas Pada Citra Mammograph Diagnost AR Di RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Melinda Rosa , Supriyanto Amir
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari kinerja pesawat mamografi dalam menganalisis perbedaan densitas rata-rata pada sampel A, B, C, D, E, dan F dengan objek pasien normal, phantom, dan jaringan jeruk berdasarkan hasil radiograf pesawat mammograph Diagnost AR. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pengambilan data diantaranya pengamatan secara tidak langsung dengan mengambil data pasien, pengamatan secara langsung dengan objek phantom dan jaringan jeruk menggunakan pesawat mamografi, serta pengamatan untuk menganalisis densitas menggunakan alat densitometer. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan dua proyeksi yaitu proyeksi cranio caudal (CC) dan mediolateral oblique (MLO) Densitas rata-rata pada sampel A dan B (pasien) menggunakan proyeksi CC sebesar 0,48 dan proyeksi MLO sebesar 0,76. Pada sampel C dan D (phantom) menggunakan proyeksi CC sebesar 0,60. Pada sampel E dan F (jaringan jeruk) menggunakan proyeksi CC sebesar 0,76.
Pemantulan Dan Pembiasan Gelombang Elektromagnetik Terpolarisasi-p Pada Sisi Kiri Bahan Magnet FeF2 Dengan Konfigurasi Voigt
Authors: Efbriyansyah Nanda , Marjunus Roniyus , Riyanto Agus
Published: September 2020

Telah dilakukan telaah teoretis tentang proses pemantulan dan pembiasan gelombang elektromagnetik terpolarisasi-p pada sisi kiri bahan magnet FeF2 dengan Konfigurasi Voigt. Telaah ini dilakukan dengan cara memformulasikan nilai dari gelombang datang, gelombang terpantul dan gelombang terbiasnya kemudian digunakan persamaan isotrop linier untuk membuktikan kebenaran dari persamaan yang didapat setelah itu digunakanlah persamaan tersebut untuk mengetahui grafik nilai dari reflektansi dan transmitansinya dengan bantuan software Matlab. Dari telaah teoretis ini didapatkan informasi bahwa reflektansi (R) dan transmitansi (T) pada bagian sisi kiri bahan magnet FeF2 bersifat resiprok yang berarti tidak terjadi perubahan nilai ketika terjadi perubahan tanda medan magnet dari luar (H0) maupun perubahan tanda sudut datang (θ).
Analisis Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Unit Rekam Medis di Rumah Sakit Misi Lebak Guna Meningkatkan Efisensi dan Efektivitas Pelayanan
Authors: Pamboaji Antonius Garbito
Published: September 2020

Latar Belakang: Dalam rangka mewujudkan ketersediaan rekam medis yang bermutu dan efektif diperlukan adanya beberapa faktor yang cukup memadai, yaitu kondisi unit rekam medis dengan tata letaknya dan ruang penyimpanan dokumen rekam medis yang dikelola dengan benar. Tata letak (Lay out) ruang yang tidak memenuhi standar dapat sangat mengganggu kenyamanan pekerja rekam medis. Rumah Sakit Misi Lebak dilengkapi dengan Unit Rekam Medis yang merupakan tempat penyimpanan berkas rekam medis rawat jalan, rawat inap dan ruang kerja perekam medis urusan pelaporan, pendokumentasian serta kepala rekam medis. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan bahwa pengaturan tata letak ruang unit rekam medis yang ada belum sesuai dengan standar.Tujuan: Penelitian ini menitik beratkan pada program rancang ulang tata letak (Lay out) ruang rekam medis guna meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi pekerja rekam medis di Rumah Sakit Misi Lebak.Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Ruang Unit Rekam Medis Rumah Sakit Misi Lebak menjadi subjek. Variabel penelitian adalah bagian pengarsipan, bagian pelaporan, bagian kepala rekam medis, perekam medis, tata letak ruang unit rekam medis, tata letak ruang urusan pengarsipan, tata letak ruang urusan pelaporan, tata letak ruang urusan kepala rekam medis dan produktivitas kerja.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukan kendala pada tingkat kompetensi sumber daya manusia, SOP dan alur rekam medis yang belum terlaksana dengan baik, sarana dan prasarana yang masih minim, serta tidak ergonomis dan kurang memadai.Kesimpulan: Diperlukan penataan ulang tata letak (Lay out) ruang dan penambahan rak berkas di ruang rekam medis. Pihak subjek menyetujui dilakukannya rancangan ulang ruang unit rekam medis untuk meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi kerja perekam medis di Rumah Sakit Misi Lebak.
Simulasi Arahan Penggunaan Lahan di DAS Limboto dalam Rangka Pengendalian Kekeringan
Authors: Ayuba Sri Rahayu , Nursaputra Munajat , Tisen Tisen
Published: September 2020

Perubahan penggunaan lahan bisa dibilang kekuatan sosioekonomi yang paling meluas mendorong perubahan dan degradasi ekosistem (Wu, 2008). (Kodoatie, 2010) menyatakan bahwa, terganggunya siklus hidrologi telah menimbulkan “3 T” masalah klasik air “too much (yang menimbulkan banjir), “too little (yang menimbulkan kekeringan) dan “too dirty (yang menimbulkan pencemaran air). Berdasarkan data BNPB tahun 1979-2009 terdapat 8 kejadian kekeringan di Provinsi Gorontalo. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengetahui tingkat kerentanan DAS Limboto terhadap kekeringan. (2) menyusun arahan penggunaan lahan pada DAS Limboto berdasarkan penentuan tingkat kerentanan kekeringan. (3) mengsimulasikan arahan penggunaan lahan dalam rangka pengendalian kekeringan di DAS Limboto. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Limboto dengan luas DAS 86412,6 ha. Metode yang digunakan adalah Metode SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) dengan menggunakan software ArcSwat yang terintegrasi SIG. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penellitian non-eksperimen yakni dengan menggunakan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Input data SWAT antara lain lereng, jenis tutupan lahan, iklim, dan jenis tanah. Analisis yang digunakan dalam menentukan kerentanan DAS terhadap kekeringan adalah dengan menggunakan Soil Moisture Deficit Index (SMDI) melalui parameter Soil Water (SW). Pada penelitian ini penggunaan output model SWAT melalui ArcSwat, telah mampu menggambarkan kondisi pasokan air pada DAS Limboto, yang secara keseluruhan telah termasuk dalam kategori “Rentan”. Dengan membandingkan luas area yang mengalami kekeringan pada sebelum dan setelah dilakukan simulasi/running arahan penggunaan lahan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa selisih luas area DAS yang mengalami kekeringan dengan klasifikasi “Rentan” diperoleh 37.513,1 ha atau secara persentasi mengalami penurunan sebesar 43,4 % dari luas DAS.
On the English Translation of Tang Poetry in the Perspective of “Harmony-Guided Three-level Poetry Translation Criteria”—A Case Study of “Song of the Roosting Crows”
Authors: Nan Chen , Feng Wang
Published: September 2020

The translation of ancient Chinese poetry has always been an insurmountable mountain in literary translation, and Li Bai's poetic merits as a unique symbol of ancient Chinese poetry are more favored by Chinese and foreign translators. Some of the translations are to an extent mixed with drawbacks. Based on Dr. Wang Feng’s “Harmony-guided Three-Level poetry translation criteria”, this paper compares and analyzes four English versions of Li Bai’s “Song of the Roosting Crows”. It demonstrates the practical value of this theory in Chinese poetry translation, hoping to promote the dissemination of Chinese literature and culture.
Importancia del uso adecuado del equipo de protección individual y la implementación de protocolos de seguridad perioperatorios durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Pérez Carrillo Noé , García Córdova Carlos Emiliano , Ruiz Funes Molina Ana Paula , Ángeles Castellanos Alberto Manuel , Estrada Serrano Mayra , Guillén Martínez Edgar Alan , Meza Carmona Jorge , Cuevas Osorio Víctor José , Farell Rivas Jorge
Published: September 2020

The current landscape represents an unprecedented challenge in managing surgical patients, decision-making and the use of resources such as protective equipment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the objective of this article is to provide guidelines for good conduct in the operating room, the use of personal protective equipment, suggestions for surgeries and the best approach in the context of this situation. The main objective of these recommendations is to mitigate the risk of contagion and to educate medical-surgical health personnel in how to deal with this pandemic.
Key words: COVID-19; coronavirus: protective equipment; surgery; operating room; training; emergency
Rooting Gilbert's Multi-Modal Argumentation in Jung, and Its Extension to Law
Authors: Novak Marko
Published: September 2020

This paper discusses how an understanding of Jung's psychological types is important for the relevance of Gilbert's multi-modal argumentation theory. Moreover, it highlights how the types have been confirmed by contemporary neuroscience and cognitive psychology. Based on Gilbert's approach, I extend multi-modal argumentation to the area of legal argumentation. It seems that when we leave behind the traditional fortress of “logical” legal argumentation, we "discover" alternate modes (such as the intuitive, emotional, and sensory) that have always been present, concealed in the theoretically underestimated rhetorical skills of arguers.
The COVID Stones Collaborative: How has the Management of Ureteric Stones Changed During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic? Rationale and Study Protocol
Authors: Georgiades Fanourios , Byrne Matthew H V , Lovegrove Catherine Elizabeth , Klatte Tobias , Saeb-Parsy Kasra , Howles Sarah , Stewart Grant D , Turney Ben , Wiseman Oliver
Published: September 2020

Background and objectives

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is having a significant impact on healthcare delivery. As a result, management of patients with ureteric stones has likely been affected. We report our study protocol for the investigation of ureteric stone management during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and methods

The COVID Stones study is a multicenter national cohort study of the management and outcomes of patients with ureteric stones before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. The study will consist of three data collection periods, pre-pandemic (“pre-COVID”), pandemic (“COVID”), and post-pandemic (“post-COVID”). This will allow quantification of what “normal” was, how this has changed, and to capture any persisting changes in management. The primary outcome evaluating the success rate of the initial treatment decision will be assessed following a 6-month follow-up from the time of first presentation and will be performed for each recruited patient from each of the three data collection periods. This will allow comparison between both management and outcomes before, during, and after the pandemic.

Conclusions

We anticipate that this study will lead to an increased understanding of the impact of the outcomes of emergency management of ureteric stones following changes in clinical practice due to the COVID-19 pandemic health provision restrictions.
Karakteristik Minuman Probiotik Sari Ubi Kayu dari Kultur Bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus dan Streptococcus thermophilus
Authors: Yulia Nunung , Wibowo Adi , Kosasih Eva Dania
Published: September 2020

Functional foods are food that consumed, as usual, has a physiological effect and can reduce the effect of chronic disease. One of them is probiotic beverages. Probiotic beverages that have been widely known overtime was produced by a dairy house. This product could have been expensive due to the cost of raw materials. The alternative raw material such as the use of extracted cassava juice may reduce the price of the final product. The aims of this research were to study the effects of culture comparison between characteristics of the probiotic beverage from cassava juice, and get the best culture comparison that produces the best probiotic characteristics of the lactic beverage fermentation from cassava juice. This research applied qualitative experiment method in Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophiles as an inoculum evaluated. Serial in culture ratio respectively 20:50; 30:50; 40:50; and 50:50. The observed research were pH value, viscosity, total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and activities test against bacteria Escherichia coli. The result showed that the best culture comparison qualified as probiotics criteria was 50:50. It was having pH value 4,1; viscosity 0,706 g/mL; total LAB 2,1x106 cfu/mL and activity bacteria Escherichia coli was 5,3 mm.
Preparation of Curcumin-Liposomes using pH-Driven Method to Enhance Stability and Encapsulation Efficiency
Authors: Sekaringtyas Fransiska Christydira , Purwajanti Suwasmi , Mardliyati Etik , Ningsih Sri
Published: September 2020

Curcumin, a hydrophobic polyphenol, derived from turmeric, has numerous pharmacological activities, including hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticarcinogenic. However, the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin is limited due to its poor oral bioavailability and high susceptibility to degradation. The poor oral bioavailability of curcumin has been attributed to its poor aqueous solubility and extensive first past metabolism. Curcumin dissolves in alkaline conditions but it is highly unstable undergoing rapid hydrolytic degradation in neutral or alkaline condition. To solve these problems, liposome-based encapsulation technology is applied to improve the bioavailability of curcumin. The existing method to prepare curcumin-liposome, thin-film method, is complex and usually required the use of organic solvents. In this study, pH-driven method, an organic solvent-free and easily encapsulation technique utilizing the pH-dependent solubility of curcumin was proposed to improve the stability and bioavailability. Curcumin-liposomes were prepared using phospholipon 90 H and soya lecithin as phospholipid sources. The characterizations of curcumin-liposomes include particle size, microstructure, encapsulation efficiency, infrared spectra, salt stability and storage stability. The particle size measured was 77.85 ± 0.39 nm. It was found that curcumin-liposomes prepared by the pH-driven method was stable during storage for 30 days and gave encapsulation efficiency of 60.71 ± 0.20%, higher as compared to the ones prepared by thin-film method. In conclusion, pH-driven is a promising method for the preparation of curcumin-liposomes to enhance stability and encapsulation efficiency
Beban Kognitif Siswa Pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan Berbantuan Prezi Application
Authors: Lesmana Sari Eka , Ramdhan Billyardi , Windyariani Sistiana
Published: September 2020

Cognitive load theory is a theory used to study the limitations of working memory in receiving and processing new information obtained by students, mental efforts owned by students and student learning outcomes after studying the learning that has been presented. The purpose of this study was to determine the cognitive load profile of students of class VII Junior High School Sukabumi on environmental pollution material with the help of prezi application. Qualitative descriptive research method with research subjects as many as 40 students. The instrument uses description questions, questionnaires, and multiple choice questions. The results of the study describe that the cognitive load profile of students' intellectual cognitive load (ICL) in receiving and processing information has a fairly high average value of 81.25. This shows that the cognitive load profile of students is low, then the results described from the extraneous cognitive load (ECL) in the mental efforts of students get an average value of 65.2. This illustrates that there is a cognitive load profile that is owned by students and finally the learning outcomes using germane cognitive load (GCL), where students get an average score of 63, this is the same as ECL which describes students as having a cognitive load profile because of the low value of learning outcomes. obtained by students.

Abstrak.Teori beban kognitif merupakan teori yang digunakan untuk mempelajari keterbatasan memori kerja dalam menerima dan mengolah informasi baru yang diperoleh peserta didik, usaha mental yang dimiliki oleh peserta didik dan hasil belajar peserta didik setelah mempelajari pembelajaran yang sudah disampikan. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil beban kognitif peserta didik kelas VII Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri Kota Sukabumi pada materi pencemaran lingkungan dengan berbantuan prezi application. Metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan subyek penelitian sebanyak 40 orang peserta didik. Instrumen menggunkan soal uraian, kuisioner, dan soal pilihan ganda. Hasil penelitian mendeskripsikan bahwa profil beban kognitif siswa instrisic cognitive load (ICL) dalam menerima dan mengolah informasi memiliki nilai rata-rata yang cukup tinggi yaitu 81,25. Hal tersebut menunjukkan profil beban kognitif yang dimiliki peserta didik rendah, kemudian hasil yang digambarkan dari extraneous cognitive load (ECL) dalam usaha mental peserta didik memperoleh nilai rata-trata 65,2. Hal tersebut menggambarkan terdapat profil beban kognitif yang dimiliki oleh siswa dan yang terakhir hasil belajar dengan menggunakan germane cognitive load (GCL) yaitu siswa memperoleh nilai rata-rata 63 hal tersebut sama dengan ECL yang menggambarkan peserta didik memiliki profil beban kognitif karena rendahnya nilai hasil belajar yang diperoleh peserta didik.
A sociedade de massas latino-americana e o papel dos indivíduos na política: Getúlio Vargas e Luiz Carlos Prestes
Authors: Ranincheski Sônia Maria
Published: September 2020

Este artigo explora a noção teórica e empírica da sociedade de massas e o lugar do indivíduo como dimensões recorrentes na América Latina. Examina a trajetória de Getúlio Vargas, representante da oligarquia modernizante do Brasil, que preside o país por mais de 15 anos. e Luis Carlos Prestes, expoente do Partido Comunista e da esquerda brasileira, até a sua morte em 1990. Dois líderes políticos brasileiros da metade do século XX que permanecem na memória dos brasileiros como sinônimos de “fazer a boa política”, embora diametralmente opostos no espectro ideológico.
The connection of the family’s socioeconomic status and consumption of cigarettes, alcohol and marijuana in adolescents of the Brcko district of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Domic Anto , Tahirovic Husref , Nikic-Damjanovuc Jelena , Cizek-Sajko Mojca
Published: September 2020

Introduction/Objective. The objective of this paper was to determine the connection between the socioeconomic status (SES) of the respondents and cigarette smoking and the use of alcohol and marijuana. Is there a connection between the SES respondents and their gender and place of residence? Methods. A total of 4188 primary and secondary school respondents from Brcko District of Bosna and Herzegovina participated in a cross-sectional study based on the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs questionnaire, adapted to this research. The data was collected using the questionnaire prepared for each respondent. Data on gender, marital status, occupation, and professional qualifications of parents were used to determine a family?s SES according to the Hollingshead methodology. Results. Alcohol and marijuana use are in relation to SES respondents (p < 0.001 or p = 0.008): respondents living in low-SES families use alcohol or marijuana at a lower percentage than respondents from middle-SES or high-SES families. Smoking habits are not in relation to SES respondents (p = 0.678). The place of residence is connected to SES respondents (p < 0.001): more respondents from low-SES families live in rural areas, while those from medium-SES and high-SES families predominantly live in urban areas. Conclusion. The SES of the respondents is in relation to their place of residence, alcohol and marijuana use, but it is not related to cigarette smoking.
Accessory spleen diagnostically hidden, laparoscopically removed – case report and review of the literature
Authors: Milosavljevic Vladimir , Tadic Boris , Grubor Nikola , Radovanovic Dragce , Matic Slavko
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Accessory spleen represents ectopic spleen tissue separated from the body of the spleen, with the percentage share of 10?15% in a population. Case outline. We present a female patient in which immune thrombocytopenic purpura was diagnosed 12 years previously and, after a failed initial treatment, it was decided by a hematologist to perform a laparoscopic splenectomy. The mentioned operation was carried out in a safe and efficient manner wherein the accessory spleen was detected and removed intraoperatively. The operative and postoperative course passed without any complications. The definitive histopathological findings confirmed previously set hematological diagnosis. Conclusion. The laparoscopic approach is a superior modality in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures when it comes to surgical removal of the accessory spleen. Taking into consideration the advantages of this approach presented and proven in literature, even in the case of diagnostically or intraoperatively overlooked accessory spleen or de novo discovered after the operation, there should be no dilemma which surgical approach should be applied.
Esophageal achalasia in a two-year-old boy
Authors: Savic Djordje , Milickovic Maja , Ilic Predrag , Vukadin Miroslav , Stojakov Dejan
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Esophageal achalasia is a neurodegenerative motility disorder, which is characterized by ineffective or absent esophageal peristalsis and the lack of hypertonic lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Achalasia causes failure to thrive in children and can have serious respiratory complications. Achalasia is a very rare condition in pediatric population, and usually misdiagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux. The treatment of choice is Heller esophagocardiomyotomy. The aim of this paper is to present a rare case of a two-year-old child with achalasia, diagnostic procedures, and successful operative treatment. Case outline. The patient?s problems started at the age of six months, with audible breathing and respiratory stridor. The child was admitted at a local hospital at seven months of age, dismissed with dietary advices, again admitted at the age of 19 months, and transferred to our institution. Upper gastrointestinal series and computed tomography revealed findings characteristic for achalasia, and on esophagoscopy exam there was no opening of lower esophageal sphincter and cardia on insufflation. Pneumatic dilation was performed with temporary improvement. Laparotomic Heller esophagocardiomyotomy with Dor partial fundoplication was successfully performed. Conclusion. Achalasia is a very rare condition in infants and young children. There is often a delay when establishing the correct diagnosis. Upper gastrointestinal series and endoscopic exam are most reliable methods to detect achalasia. Pharmacological treatment, intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin and pneumatic dilations are not efficient methods, especially in small children. The method of choice in the treatment of achalasia is Heller esophagocardiomyotomy with partial fundoplication.
Cementoblastoma: An unusual radiographic presentation
Authors: Gacic Bojan , Ilic Branislav , Drazic Radojica , Cairovic Aleksandra , Sopta Jelena , Simic Ljubica
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Cementoblastoma is an uncommon tumor of the jaws that originates from odontogenic ectomesenchyme, characterized by proliferating cementum-like tissue. Case outline. We present the case of a cementoblastoma in the mandible with atypical radiographic image: no well-defined borders and no radiolucent rim. Apart from that, taking into account data from the literature review, different clinicopathological, and radiographic presentations of tumors and lesions that may resemble cementoblastoma are discussed. Conclusion. Cementoblastoma must be removed as soon as possible, together with the associated tooth. Recurrence rate is a relevant phenomenon and is estimated to 11.8%, so the long-term follow-up is mandatory.
Mewujudkan Keharmonisan Rumah Tangga Dengan Menggunakan Konseling Keluarga
Authors: Yanti Noffi
Published: September 2020

Keharmonisan keluarga merupakan keinginan dari setiap individu dalam membentuk keluarga. Kesadaran peran dan fungsi serta menerima keadaan dan keberadaan menjadi pondasi yang kuat dalam menjalankan rumah tangga. Dalam mewujudkan rumah tangga yang harmonis sering terjadi fenomena problematika dalam keluarga seperti pertengkaran, cemburu, perselingkuhan, perbedaaan pendapatan, perbedaan prinsip hidup dan sampai pada tindakan mengakhiri pernikahan atau bercerai. Problematika yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan rumah tangga harus segera di selesaikan agar keharmonisan keluarga tetap terjaga dan terwujud. Konseling keluarga dengan pendekatan behavioral digunakan sebagai proses intervensi terhadap masalah yang menggangu keharmonisan keluarga. Konseling keluarga dengan pendekatan behavioral dalam mewujudkan keharmonisan keluarga meliputi konsep keharmonisan keluarga, konseling keluarga, pendekatan behavioral.
Implementasi Bimbingan Sosial Dalam Penyesuaian Diri Bagi Lanjut Usia Di Upt Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru
Authors: Alpianti Alpianti , Zulamri Zulamri
Published: September 2020

Pada umumnya  lanjut usia merupakan bagian akhir dari perkembangan manusia yang selalu identik dengan berbagai macam permasalahan. Selain perubahan dari segi fisik, lanjut usia juga mengalami perubahan psikologis seperti kehilangan pasangan, teman-teman dekat, perasaan kehilangan karena ditinggal oleh anak-anaknya dan perubahan peran. Perubahan psikologis tersebut sering memengaruhi tingkah laku lanjut usia. Banyaknya lansia yang mengalami permasalahan dalam penyesuaian diri dengan lingkungan sekitar, teman sebaya dan lain-lain. Hal ini memerlukan bimbingan sosial untuk mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadapi lansia tersebut. Peran psikolog dalam mengembangkan kemampuan penyesuaian diri lansia di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru sangat berpengaruh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi bimbingan sosial dalam penyesuaian diri bagi lanjut usia di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan dengan tipe deskriptif yang menjelaskan dan menafsirkan data yang ada. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah psikolog di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru dan koordinator/pembimbing sosial di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan data dan informasi adalah menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian, penulis dapat menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi bimbingan sosial dalam penyesuaian diri bagi lanjut usia di UPT Pelayanan Sosial Tresna Werdha Khusnul Khotimah Pekanbaru menggunakan bimbingan secara langsung seperti pencerahan (ceramah), dikusi (menyampaikan pendapat), dan tanya jawab (wawancara).
Pendekatan Therapeutic Community Dalam Memulihkan Residen Penyalahguna Narkotika Di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional Lido Bogor
Authors: Rahmad Rahmad
Published: September 2020

Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari Badan Narkotika Nasional (BNN) Tahun 2015 mengenai kasus tindak pidana narkotika di Indonesia menunjukkan angka yang memperihatinkan. Pada Tahun 2013 jumlah Kasus narkotika tercatat mencapai 22.630 orang, dan Tahun 2014 jumlah kasus meningkat menjadi 29.359 orang. Upaya untuk mengurangi dampak buruk tersebut, maka bagi narapidana ketergantungan narkoba disembuhkan dengan cara rehabilitasi. Di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional Lido Bogor diadakan program rehabilitasi bagi narapidana pengguna narkoba. Metode rehabilitasi yang digunakan adalah metode Therapeutic Community (TC). Berdasarkan hal diatas tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pendekatan Therapeutic Community dalam membantu mengobati residen penyalahgunaan narkotika di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional Lido Bogor. Lokasi Penelitian ini di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional yang berada di Jalan HR. Edi Sukama, Desa Wates Jaya Kec. Cigombong Kabupeten Bogor Jawa Barat. Informan kunci dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Subsi. Keperawatan di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Badan Narkotika Nasional. Melalui informan kunci ini kemudian diperoleh responden. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian digambarkan pendekatan Therapeutic Community mampu merubah tingkah laku, perkembangan emosi, perkembangan intelektual, spiritual dan keterampilan kerja. Hasil analisis yang dilakukan didapat adanya perubahan pada ketiga residen setelah mengikuti proses rehabilitasi di BNN Lido Bogor. Therapeutic Community menggunakan beberapa layanan konseling seperti Bimbingan kelompok, konseling individual dan konseling kelompok dalam melatih mengontrol stabilitas emosi, meningkatkan rasa persaudaraan, melatih kreativitas, menghilangkan rasa stress belajar memahami permasalahan, mengekpresikan rasa ketidak puasan, mencari pemecahan suatu masalah.