bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of SK-N-SH Cells as a Model for NMDA Receptor Induced Toxicity
Authors: Schreiber Julian A. , Goerges Gunnar
Published: August 2024

Background/Aims: Over the years, the number of patients with neurodegenerative diseases is constantly rising illustrating the need for new neuroprotective drugs. A promising treatment approach is the reduction of excitotoxicity induced by rising (S)-glutamate levels and subsequent NMDA receptor overactivation. To facilitate the search for new NMDA receptor inhibitors neuronal cell models are needed. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of human SK-N-SH cells to serve as a cell model for neurodegeneration induced by NMDA receptor overstimulation. Methods: The cytoprotective effect of the unselective NMDA receptor blocker ketamine as well as the GluN2B-selective inhibitor WMS14-10 was evaluated utilizing different cell viability assays, such as endpoint (LDH, CCK-8, DAPI/FACS) and time dependent methods (bioimpedance). Results: Non-differentiated as well as differentiated SK-N-SH cells express GluN1 and GluN2B subunits. Furthermore, 50 mM (S)-glutamate led to an instantaneous decrease in cell survival. Only application of unselective channel blocker ketamine could protect differentiated cells against this effect, while the selective inhibitor WMS14-10 did not significantly increase cell survival. Conclusion: SK-N-SH cells show an increased sensitivity to (S)-glutamate mediated cytotoxicity with higher differentiation level, that is only partially induced by NMDA receptor overstimulation. Furthermore, we showed that only unselective NMDA receptor inhibition can partially reverse (S)-glutamate-induced toxicity.
Peran Islamic Microfinance Institution (MFIs) Pada Usaha Mikro Kecil (UMK) di Masa Pandemi Covid-19: Pendekatan Modifikasi Case Study Robert K. Yin
Authors: Kurnia Ade , Sopingi Imam
Published: August 2024

Usaha Mikro Kecil (UMK) termasuk usaha yang terdepan mengalami guncangan ekonomi akibat pandemi covid-19 karena usaha ini terbatasi waktu untuk melakukan proses produksi dan distribusi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Islamic Microfinance Institution (MFIs) dalam upayanya memberikan solusi pada UMK di masa pandemi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan case study menurut Robert K. Yin dengan dimodifikasi dalam analisis datanya menggunakan Al-Qur’an dan Al-Hadits. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa peran Islamic Microfinance Institution (MFIs) dalam upayanya memberikan solusi pada UMK di masa pandemi ada lima hal, yaitu 1) Memberikan permodalan dan peningkatan usaha, 2) Meningkatkan kesejahteraan ekonomi dan spiritual, 3) Menghalangi adanya praktik riba, 4) Mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu Negara, 5) Memberikan solusi penyimpanan dan pembiayaan yang fleksibel.
Analisis Laporan Keuangan untuk Menilai Kinerja Keuangan PT. Wijaya Cahaya Timber Perseroan Terbuka
Authors: Abdul Azis  , Sri Delasmi Jayanti
Published: August 2024

Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis laporan keuangan PT. Wijaya Cahaya Timber Perseroan Terbuka selama periode 2019-2022 untuk mengevaluasi kinerja keungan perusahaan tersebut. Teknik analisisnya meliputi analisis rasio keuangan, analisis vertical dan analisis horizontal. Data yang digunakan adalah laporan keuangan tahunan PT. Wijaya Cahaya Timber Perseroan terbuka selama empat tahun terakhir. Hasil analisis akan memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang stabilitas keuangan perusahaan dan rekomendasi untuk perbaikan yang mungkin di perlukan.
Eksistensi Karanu Ghule pada Masyarakat Desa Lakarama Kecamatan Towea Kabupaten Muna
Authors: S Saldin , Suraya Rahmat Sewa , Rihu Agus
Published: August 2024

Karanu ghule is a tradition that has been carried out for generations by the people of Lakarama Village because it is a tradition that is considered important and accepted by people who currently adhere to animistic beliefs. According to Karanu ghule, there was no objection from the local community because whatever tradition is considered for the community, it is mandatory to carry it out. The purpose of this study was to find out the process of implementing the Karanu ghule Mantra in the Lakarama village community, the function of the Karanu Ghule Mantra and the symbolic meaning of the Karanu ghule Mantra in the people of Lakarama Village, Towea District, Muna Regency. The method used in this research is Qualitative Research. Data collection was carried out using observation techniques (observation), in-depth interviews and documentation. Informat determination technique in this study used a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the following techniques: data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. The results of the study show that in the Karanu ghule Process there are several stages, namely, the preparatory stage, the implementing stage, the function of Religion functions as a relationship between God and humans so as to gain experience by using the ancestral personality which is described metaphorically in religious norms, rituals, and myths , and the function of protection is to avoid theft in the garden when leaving the garden to carry out activities outside or while traveling far away, while the symbolic meaning, Symbolic Meaning of Patida (Gembilang) Symbolic Meaning of Ghunteli (Egg) Symbolic Meaning of Ghue (Rattan) Symbolic Meaning of Botolo bhe oeno (bottle filled with water).
Tuturan Do’omba dalam Adat Perkawinan Masyarakat Muna di Desa Kombunga Kecamatan Lasalepa Kabupaten Muna
Authors: Suprianti Rizal , Syahrun Syahrun , Nurtikawati Nurtikawati
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation process and meaning of the Do'omba Tradition in the marriage customs of the Muna Community in Kombungo Village, Lasalepa District, Muna Regency. The study used a qualitative research method. Data collection techniques were done by direct observation, interviews with 5 informants, and documentation. Data were analyzed in four stages, namely; (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation, and (4) concluding. The results of this study are; (1) The Do'omba tradition procession in Kombungo Village begins at the Nopali stage, then Mpali-mpali (walking) the first visit of a boy with his parents, a discussion carried out by the man's family to determine the day before leaving for a girl's house, then at the Do'omba stage where the toko or traditional delegation that has been entrusted by the man's family goes to the woman's family house according to the promise referred to at the time of Kafoepe (news bearer/promise). (2) The tradition of Do'omba/Do'ombaghomo Patudhundo (stating intentions) means Defenagho Tungguno Karete (asking the guardian of the yard), which has the meaning of a traditional meeting where the man expresses his intentions with a sincere, honest heart and his seriousness in marrying a girl with a figurative question that is beautiful to hear for the woman, namely whether or not there is a guardian/companion for the girl who is going to be proposed to.
Perbandingan Algoritma Maching Learning dalam Analisis Sentimen Mobil Listrik di Indonesia pada Media Sosial Twitter/X
Authors: Tarigan Victor Tarigan , Yusupa Ade
Published: August 2024

Twitter telah menjadi platform yang penting dalam mencermati opini publik, terutama terkait dengan topik-topik populer seperti perkembangan mobil listrik di Indonesia. Dalam konteks ini, analisis sentimen dapat digunakan untuk memahami sikap dan pandangan pengguna terhadap mobil listrik. Namun, meskipun industri mobil listrik di Indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan pesat, masih ada sejumlah masalah yang perlu diatasi, seperti infrastruktur pengisian daya yang belum memadai, harga yang masih relatif tinggi, dan kesadaran masyarakat yang perlu ditingkatkan terkait manfaat lingkungan. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa teknik machine learning, seperti Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, dan Naïve Bayes telah berhasil dalam menganalisis sentimen dari data Twitter terkait topik tertentu. Dalam penelitian ini, dapat diuji dan dibandingkan ketiga algoritma machine learning tersebut dalam menganalisis sentimen pengguna Twitter terhadap mobil listrik di Indonesia. Pada penelitian sudah digunakan  data dari Twitter/X untuk melakukan analisis sentimen dengan memanfaatkan metrik evaluasi seperti akurasi, presisi, dan recall. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa relatif dari SVM, Random Forest, dan Naïve Bayes dalam mengklasifikasikan sentimen pengguna Twitter terhadap mobil listrik. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari media sosial Twitter/X dengan jumlah data yang dijadikan bahan penelitian berjumlah 1518 data dengan rincian 870 data dengan label negatif, 143 untuk label netral, dan 502 untuk label positif. Hasil dari penelitian didapatkan bahwa Nilai akurasi tertinggi didapatkan oleh algoritma Support Vector Machine sebesar 75,62%, Nilai presisi tertinggi didapatkan oleh algoritma Naïve Bayes sebesar 81,29% dan nilai recall tertinggi adalah algoritma Support Vector Machine dengan nilai 53,88%. Dari pengujian ini algoritma terbaik yaitu algoritma Support Vector Machine.
Diagnosa Stunting Berdasarkan Gejala Medis Menggunakan Algoritma Naive Bayes, SVM dan K-NN
Authors: Aris Subadi  , Kusrini Kusrini
Published: August 2024

Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang signifikan, mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak-anak di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan dan mengevaluasi kinerja algoritma machine learning dalam mendiagnosa stunting berdasarkan gejala medis. Tiga algoritma utama yang digunakan adalah Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), dan K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN). Dataset yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari data gejala medis yang relevan dengan stunting, yang dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber terpercaya. Data tersebut diproses melalui tahap pembersihan, normalisasi, dan pembagian menjadi set pelatihan dan set pengujian. Setelah data diproses, setiap algoritma machine learning dilatih menggunakan set pelatihan dan kemudian diuji menggunakan set pengujian untuk mengevaluasi kinerjanya. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa algoritma Naive Bayes memberikan skor akurasi tertinggi sebesar 90%, diikuti oleh SVM dengan akurasi 86,56%, dan K-NN dengan akurasi 79,43%. Analisis hasil menunjukkan bahwa Naive Bayes adalah algoritma yang paling efektif untuk diagnosa stunting berdasarkan gejala medis, karena memberikan akurasi tertinggi dan efisiensi dalam komputasi. SVM juga menunjukkan kinerja yang kuat dalam menangani data berdimensi tinggi, sementara K-NN memberikan hasil yang memuaskan meskipun dengan akurasi yang lebih rendah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa Naive Bayes dapat menjadi pilihan utama untuk implementasi dalam sistem diagnosa stunting, dengan mempertimbangkan keunggulan dalam akurasi dan efisiensi. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam bidang kesehatan dengan menyediakan model prediksi yang efektif untuk diagnosa stunting, serta memberikan rekomendasi praktis bagi tenaga medis dalam memanfaatkan teknologi machine learning. Validasi eksternal diusulkan sebagai langkah lanjutan untuk memastikan generalisasi model.
Pendampingan Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok terhadap Kepatuhan Medikasi pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus di Puskesmas Siko, Kota Ternate
Authors: Abubakar Amira Bin Seh , Idrus Fitriyanti N. , Umanailo Damir
Published: August 2024

Several things, including patient compliance influence diabetes management in medicine. Group Activity Therapy can be used as a therapeutic modality for education, counseling, and motivation for diabetes sufferers in taking medication. This service activity aims to provide TAK assistance to increase knowledge and medication compliance for Diabetes Mellitus sufferers. The service method is carried out with the assistance of Group Activity Therapy, which consists of an introduction to Diabetes Mellitus, medication compliance, and evaluation of medication compliance for Diabetes Mellitus sufferers. The results and outcomes obtained were an increase in knowledge of medication adherence in Diabetes Mellitus sufferers at the Siko Community Health Center, namely from 25 participants whose initial pretest results for medication knowledge were 48% good and 52% adequate, at the posttest the good knowledge increased to 92% and 8% adequate. Apart from that, there was an increase in medication compliance, from the pretest result of medication compliance being 36% compliance and 64% non-compliance after the posttest to 96% compliance and 4% non-compliance. Diabetes Mellitus sufferers are expected to be able to maintain their compliance with active medication by carrying out routine control at the Community Health Center.
A Riemann–Hilbert approach to solution of the modified focusing complex short pulse equation
Authors: Barkov Ruslan , Shepelsky Dmitry
Published: August 2024

We develop a Riemann–Hilbert approach to the modified focusing complex short pulse (mfcSP) equation

uxt=u+12u¯(u2)xx

with zero boundary conditions (as |x| → ∞). We obtain a parametric representation of the solution of the initial value problem for the mfcSP equation in terms of the solution of the associated Riemann–Hilbert problem. This representation is then used for retrieving one-soliton solutions.
A detailed investigation of rare earth lanthanum substitution effects on the structural, morphological, vibrational, optical, dielectric and magnetic properties of Co-Zn spinel ferrites
Authors: Hameed Anam , Asghar Ali , Shabbir Saqib , Ahmed Ishfaq , Tareen Ayesha Khan , Khan Karim , Hussain Gulzar , Awaji Majed Yousef , Anwar Hafeez
Published: August 2024

In this work, Co0.5Zn0.5LaxFe2-xO4 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) spinel ferrites were synthesized using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Rietveld refinement confirmed the presence of a cubic spinel structure. The crystallite size was estimated to be between 17.5 nm and 26.5 nm using Scherrer’s method and 31.27 nm–54.52 nm using the Williamson–Hall (W-H) method. Lattice constants determined from XRD and Rietveld refinement ranged from (8.440 to 8.433 Å and 8.442 to 8.431 Å), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a non-uniform distribution of morphology with a decrease in particle size. The bandgap values decreased from 2.0 eV to 1.68 eV with increasing rare earth (La3+) doping concentration. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups and M-O vibrations. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss exhibited similar behavior across all samples. The maximum tan δ value obtained at lower frequencies. Regarding magnetic behavior, there was a decrease in magnetization from 55.84 emu/g to 22.08 emu/g and an increase in coercivity from 25.63 Oe to 33.88 Oe with higher doping concentrations. Based on these results, these materials exhibit promising properties for applications in microwave and energy storage devices.
One-year real-world experience with mavacamten and its physiologic effects on obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kim Daniel Seung , Chu Emily L. , Keamy-Minor Emily E. , Paranjpe Ishan Dhananjay , Tang Wilson L. , O’Sullivan Jack W. , Desai Yaanik B. , Liu Michael B. , Munsey Elise , Hecker Kimberly , Cuenco Isabella , Kao Beth , Bacolor Ellen , Bonnett Colleen , Linder Andrea , Lacar Kathleen , Robles Nancy , Lamendola Cindy , Smith Allysonne , Knowles Joshua W. , Perez Marco V. , Kawana Masataka , Sallam Karim I. , Weldy Chad S. , Wheeler Matthew T. , Parikh Victoria N. , Salisbury Heidi , Ashley Euan A. ,   the Stanford Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease
Published: August 2024

Mavacamten is a first-in-class cardiac myosin ATPase inhibitor, approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstructive physiology (oHCM). Here, we present the real-world use of mavacamten in 50 patients with oHCM at a tertiary care referral center. In both our highlighted case and in our aggregate data, we report significant improvement in wall thickness, mitral regurgitation, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and New York Heart Association symptom class. Moreover, in our center's experience, neither arrhythmia burden, nor contractility have worsened in the vast majority of patients: we note a clinically insignificant mean decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), with only two patients requiring temporary mavacamten discontinuance for LVEF < 50%. Adverse events were rare, unrelated to mavacamten itself, and seen solely in patients with disease too advanced to have been represented in clinical trials. Moreover, our multidisciplinary pathway enabled us to provide a large number of patients with a novel closely-monitored therapeutic within just a few months of commercial availability. These data lead us to conclude that mavacamten, as a first-in-class cardiac myosin inhibitor, is safe and efficacious in real-world settings.
MAICC model: development of complex thinking through citizen science project evaluation
Authors: Olivo-Montaño Pamela Geraldine , Sanabria-Z Jorge , Molina-Espinosa José Martín , Quintero-Gámez Lorena , Velarde-Camaqui Davis , Sánchez-Salgado Lisset Abril , Gonzalez-Mendoza Miguel , Breda Adriana , Morales-Maure Luisa , Alvarez-Icaza Inés
Published: August 2024

As traditional education systems struggle to keep up with technological advances, incorporating open science into Education 5.0 is critical to addressing student skills gaps. In this study, the MAICC model is introduced, a tool designed to foster complex thinking in higher education students through the evaluation of citizen science projects. It integrates research-based learning and service learning, and helps develop critical and reflective skills by applying them to real-life settings. To assess student engagement and skills development, a mixed methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative analysis was used. Findings indicate that the MAICC model promotes complex thinking, enhances critical thinking through citizen science project evaluation, and features an emphasis on citizen science and educational technology. Discussion highlights citizen science’s important role in education and suggests future research exploring its wider application across disciplines and contexts to enhance 21st century skills.
Engineered IRES-mediated promoter-free insulin-producing cells reverse hyperglycemia
Authors: Li Yumin , Ahamed Younis Doulathunnisa , He Cong , Ni Chengming , Liu Rui , Zhou Yunting , Sun Zilin , Lin Hao , Xiao Zhongdang , Sun Bo
Published: August 2024

Background

Endogenous insulin supplementation is essential for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, current treatments, including pancreas transplantation, insulin injections, and oral medications, have significant limitations. The development of engineered cells that can secrete endogenous insulin offers a promising new therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). This approach could potentially circumvent autoimmune responses associated with the transplantation of differentiated β-cells or systemic delivery of viral vectors.

Methods

We utilized CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing coupled with homology-directed repair (HDR) to precisely integrate a promoter-free EMCVIRES-insulin cassette into the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of the GAPDH gene in human HEK-293T cells. Subsequently quantified insulin expression levels in these engineered cells, the viability and functionality of the engineered cells when seeded on different cell vectors (GelMA and Cytopore I) were also assessed. Finally, we investigated the therapeutic potential of EMCVIRES-based insulin secretion circuits in reversing Hyperglycaemia in T1D mice.

Result

Our results demonstrate that HDR-mediated gene editing successfully integrated the IRES-insulin loop into the genome of HEK-293T cells, a non-endocrine cell line, enabling the expression of human-derived insulin. Furthermore, Cytopore I microcarriers facilitated cell attachment and proliferation during in vitro culture and enhanced cell survival post-transplantation. Transplantation of these cell-laden microcarriers into mice led to the development of a stable, fat-encapsulated structure. This structure exhibited the expression of the platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule CD31, and no significant immune rejection was observed throughout the experiment. Diabetic mice that received the cell carriers reversed hyperglycemia, and blood glucose fluctuations under simulated feeding stimuli were very similar to those of healthy mice.

Conclusion

In summary, our study demonstrates that Cytopore I microcarriers are biocompatible and promote long-term cell survival in vivo. The promoter-free EMCVIRES-insulin loop enables non-endocrine cells to secrete mature insulin, leading to a rapid reduction in glucose levels. We have presented a novel promoter-free genetic engineering strategy for insulin secretion and proposed an efficient cell transplantation method. Our findings suggest the potential to expand the range of cell sources available for the treatment of diabetes, offering new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
The association between depression and thyroid function
Authors: Ma Yuhui , Wang Miao , Zhang Zhishen
Published: August 2024

Background

Emerging evidence indicated that depression is currently one of the most burdensome diseases worldwide, and it can lead to a variety of functional physical impairments. However, the studies estimated the association between depression and thyroid function remain sparse. We aimed to investigate the association between depression and thyroid function in the American population.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis was performed using the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2012. In the 12,502 adults aged 20–80 years, weighted linear regression models and multiple logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association between depression and thyroid function indicators. The thyroid indicators investigated were mainly free thyroxine (FT4), total T4 (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total T3 (TT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and antithyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin (Tg) and antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb).

Results

The final results were reached after adjusting for various confounding factors. In the stratification analysis of subgroups divided by age, depression was significantly negatively correlated with FT4, FT3, and TT3 in both younger adults (p = 0.00122, p < 0.00001, and p = 0.00003) and older adults (p = 0.00001, p = 0.00004, and p < 0.00001). In contrast, depression was significantly negatively correlated with TT4 and Tg in older adults (p = 0.00054, p = 0.00695) and positively correlated in younger adults (p = 0.01352, p < 0.00001). The subgroup analysis by gender revealed that depression was significantly negatively correlated with FT4, FT3, and TT3 in both adult males (p = 0.0164, p = 0.0204, and p = 0.0050) and adult females (p ≤ 0.0001, p < 0.0001, and p < 0.0001), which was more prominent in females. The positive correlation between depression symptoms and TPOAb was only found in adult females (p = 0.0282) and younger adults (p = 0.00488).

Conclusion

This study confirmed a significant correlation between depressive and thyroid function and it varied among different genders or age. In the future, more prospective studies are needed to reveal these findings and confirm a causal relationship between them.
The characteristics and mechanisms of carbon finance development on green economic efficiency: an empirical analysis based on endogenous economic growth model
Authors: Chen Yiru , Ma Guangcheng
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the development of carbon finance can promote sustainable economic growth in China through spatial spillover effects. On the basis of a theoretical analysis of this mechanism, this paper takes 30 provincial-level administrative regions in China as the research object and uses a variety of spatial econometric analysis techniques to empirically test them. It assesses sustainable economic development measured by green total factor productivity (GTFP). This study documents a significant and positive impact of province-level carbon finance improvement on sustainable economic growth through improving technological progress and increasing technological market turnover. The economic influence of carbon finance on sustainable economic growth is still positive after considering possible endogeneity concerns. Results reveal heterogeneity and spatial spillover effects of carbon finance on GTFP, notably stronger in eastern regions compared to central and western ones. We find that the technological progress and technological market turnover have significant and positive promotional effects on GTFP with increasing levels of carbon finance. This paper provides policy implications for improving sustainable economic development.
Bark beetle detection method using electronic nose sensors. A possible improvement of early forest disturbance detection?
Authors: Hüttnerová Tereza , Surový Peter
Published: August 2024

Forest ecosystems are long-term exposed to dry periods in Europe, which leads to a significant loss of vitality and higher mortality, especially in coniferous forests. Identifying stress in the early stages when measures can be taken to protect the forest and living trees is crucial. Current detection methods are based on field surveys by forest workers or remote sensing methods to cover larger areas, which use changes in spectral reflectance of the forest canopy. In some cases, the attacked trees do not change their appearance, and based on calculations of vegetation indices from remote sensing data, the attack cannot be mapped. We present an innovative methodology based on non-optical analysis, namely identifying a group of volatile compounds and microclimate signs in forest stands that indicate stress factors in forest stands. An attacked tree by a bark beetle produces increased amounts of biogenic volatile organic compounds associated with defense, and the microclimate changes due to interrupted transpiration. In addition, the bark beetle uses the aggregation pheromone to attract more individuals and to attack the tree massively. In this study, we tested three electronic noses (Miniature Bosch sensor device with 25,419 samples, Sensory device for environmental applications with 193 samples, Handheld VOC Detector Tiger with 170 samples) in a freshly infested spruce stand. The measurement was conducted at ground level with the help of a human operator and was repeated six times to verify the detection capability of the electronic noses. To verify the capability of electronic noses to predict tree infestation, we used machine learning Random Forest. The results demonstrated that electronic noses can detect bark beetle infestation start (within 1 week of the first attack). The Miniature Bosch sensor device achieved the highest accuracy with a value of 95%, in distinguishing forest sections that are healthy and infested; the second most accurate electronic nose is the Sensory device for environmental applications, with an accuracy of 89%. Our proposed methodology could be used to detect bark beetle presence.
The influence of 4G/5G polymorphism in the plasminogen-activator-inhibitor-1 promoter on COVID-19 severity and endothelial dysfunction
Authors: Yatsenko Tetiana , Rios Ricardo , Nogueira Tatiane , Salama Yousef , Takahashi Satoshi , Adachi Eisuke , Tabe Yoko , Hattori Nobutaka , Osada Taro , Naito Toshio , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Hattori Koichi , Heissig Beate
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is linked to thrombosis and endothelial dysfunction in severe COVID-19. The +43 G>A PAI-1 and 4G/5G promoter polymorphism can influence PAI-1 expression. The 4G5G PAI-1 promoter gene polymorphism constitutes the 4G4G, 4G5G, and 5G5G genotypes. However, the impact of PAI-1 polymorphisms on disease severity or endothelial dysfunction remains unclear.

Methods

Clinical data, sera, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of COVID-19 patients were studied.

Results

Comorbidities and clinical biomarkers did not correlate with genotypes in either polymorphism. However, differences between fibrinolytic factors and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were identified in genotypes of the 4G/5G but not the 43 G>A PAI polymorphism. Patients with the 4G4G genotype of the 4G/5G polymorphism showed high circulating PAI-1, mainly complexed with plasminogen activators, and low IL-1β and plasmin levels, indicating suppressed fibrinolysis. NFκB was upregulated in PBMCs of COVID-19 patients with the 4G4G genotype.

Discussion

Mechanistically, IL-1β enhanced PAI-1 expression in 4G4G endothelial cells, preventing the generation of plasmin and cleavage products like angiostatin, soluble uPAR, and VCAM1. We identified inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction coupled with fibrinolytic system overactivation as a risk factor for patients with the 5G5G genotype.
Biologicals for the treatment of lupus nephritis: a Bayesian network meta-regression analysis
Authors: Liu Xi , Chen Xiaoli , Yang Chengyin , Li Ruixue , Chen Xi , Li Qiaoli
Published: August 2024

Background

Previous studies comparing the efficacy and safety of different treatment regimens for lupus nephritis are scarce. Moreover, confounding factors such as the duration of follow-up were hardly adjusted in those studies, potentially compromising the results and their extents to clinical settings.

Objective

To rigorously investigate the efficacy and safety of biologics in patients with lupus nephritis using Bayesian network meta-regression analyses that adjust for the follow-up period, in order to provide more robust evidence for clinicians.

Methods

Databases comprising PubMed, Embase, MedlinePlus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholars, and Scopus were retrieved for eligible articles from inception to February 29, 2024. The primary endpoint was the complete response rate, the secondary endpoint was the partial response rate, the tertiary endpoints were the adverse events, and infection-related adverse events. Napierian Logarithm of hazard ratio (lnHR) and the standard error of lnHR (selnHR) were generated for dichotomous variants by STATA 18.0 MP and then put into Rstudio 4.3.2 to conduct Bayesian network meta-analysis as well as network meta-regression analysis to yield hazard ratio (HR) as pairwise effect size.

Results

Ten studies involving 2138 patients and 11 treatment regimens were ultimately included. In the original analysis, for the primary endpoint, compared to the control group, obinutuzumab (22.6 months), abatacept-30mg (20.5 months), abatacept-10mg (17.8 months), and belimumab (23.3 months) demonstrated significant superiority (HR ranged from 1.6 to 2.5), more ever, their significance regarding relative efficacy was correlated with follow up period, namely “time window” (shown in parentheses above). For the secondary endpoint, compared to the control group, obinutuzumab and abatacept-30mg showed conspicuous preponderance (HR ranged from 1.6 to 2.4), “time window” was also detected in abatacept-30mg (20.5 months), whereas obinutuzumab remained consistently obviously effective regardless of the follow-up period (shown in parentheses above). For the tertiary endpoint, there were no differences among active regimens and control.

Conclusions

Considering the efficacy and safety and “time window” phenomenon, we recommend obinutuzumab as the preferred treatment for LN. Certainly, more rigorous head-to-head clinical trials are warranted to validate those findings.
Numerical simulation analysis of the stability of the construction face of a super long tunnel under conditions of precipitation and abundant water
Authors: Dun Huoda , Chen Song , Liu Haitao , Chen Chen , Zhang Yuansheng , Yuan Ying
Published: August 2024

Tunnel construction in central and western China presents significant challenges primarily due to the complex geological conditions. The presence of water-rich zones compromises the stability of excavation faces, leading to potential safety risks and economic losses. This study investigates the Yingpan Mountain extra-long tunnel through numerical simulations, focusing on stress and displacement variations under varying conditions. The primary focus is on assessing the influence of water on tunnel stability, particularly under water-rich conditions. The study proposes effective evaluation methods for different construction stages. The findings offer valuable guidance for future engineering projects, thereby enhancing safety and efficiency in tunnel construction.
Evaluation of tracheal diameter and angles in fetuses with double aortic arch using prenatal ultrasound: implications for postnatal management
Authors: Jiang Caihong , Ling Wen , Peng Longzhuang , Guo Shan , Wu Qiumei , Chen Chunxia , Chen Fa , Li He , Weng Zongjie
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aims to analyze the value of prenatal ultrasound in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of double aortic arch (DAA) malformations.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 31 fetal cases with double aortic arch anomalies over a 12-year period from June 1, 2011 to June 1, 2023. The assessment included combined measurements of fetal tracheal internal diameter Z-score and DAA pinch angle, along with ultrasonographic findings, associated anomalies, genetic abnormalities, postnatal CTA images, and long-term postnatal outcomes.

Results

Of the 31 fetal double aortic arch cases, 15 were right aortic arch dominant, 2 were left aortic arch dominant, and 14 had a balanced double arch. Genetic testing was performed on 19 cases, revealing abnormalities in 2 cases, including one Turner syndrome, and one carrier of ichthyosis gene with heterozygous deletion. Out of the total cases, 29 were delivered, and 2 cases were terminated. Prenatal diagnosis accurately identified 29 cases (29/31, 93.5%), which was confirmed by postnatal pathological anatomy, echocardiography, surgery or CTA. Fetal tracheal internal diameter Z-scores were significantly smaller in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group (−1.27 ± 0.49 vs −0.68 ± 0.60, P = 0.018). The area under the curve was 0.776 (95% confidence interval, 0.593–0.960) using a tracheal internal diameter z-score cutoff of −0.73 with a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 64.7%. The double arch pinch angle was significantly smaller in the symptomatic group than in the asymptomatic group [52.50° (38.25° to 59.00°) vs 60.00° (53.50° to 70.50°), P = 0.035]. The area under the curve was 0.744 (95% confidence interval, 0.554–0.935), and the sensitivity for determining the presence or absence of symptoms was 90% when the cutoff value was 62.5°, with a specificity of 47.1%. Fifteen cases opted for surgery with favorable surgical outcome.

Conclusion

Prenatal echocardiography demonstrates good diagnostic efficacy for fetal double aortic arch. It is also essential to detect the presence of other underlying intra- and extracardiac malformations and genetic abnormalities. There is a significant difference in prenatal tracheal internal diameter Z-scores and double arch pinch angle between asymptomatic and symptomatic DAA infants. Symptomatic infants require early surgery, while asymptomatic infants should be monitored.
Evaluation of comorbid psychological disorders in functional gastrointestinal disorders patients by vibraimage technology: protocol of a prospective, single-center trial
Authors: Yang Chen , Chengzhen Lyu , Daiyu Yang , Hao Tang , Liang Gong , Jian Li , Xiaoqing Li , Dong Wu
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) affect over 40% of individuals globally, and impact the quality of life. A significant portion of FGIDs patients comorbids with anxiety and depression. Traditional screening tools for psychological disorders may lack comprehensiveness. Vibraimage technology currently enables non-contact, objective analysis of psychological indicators through high-frame-rate cameras and computer analysis of micro-movements. Therefore, this study aims to (1) explore the use of vibraimage technology as a non-contact objective method to assess the psychological status of FGIDs patients, comparing this technology with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate its screening efficacy, and (2) observe the therapeutic outcomes of FGIDs patients with or without comorbid psychological disorders after the same conventional treatment.

Methods

This is a prospective, single-center observational trial. 276 FGIDs outpatients who visit Peking Union Medical College Hospital will be evaluated simultaneously by HADS and vibraimage technology, then to evaluate the screen efficacy of this technology. The patients will be allocated into two groups (those with or without psychological disorders). The primary endpoint is the overall rate of improvement, specifically referring to the proportion of patients who achieved Likert scores greater than or equal to 4. The secondary endpoints encompass evaluating whether there is a reduction of more than 50% in symptom evaluation scores such as IBS-SSS. Additionally, the study will assess changes in health status and quality of life using SF-36 questionnaires and the patients’ satisfaction with treatment. Furthermore, psychological status will be reassessed by vibraimage technology and HADS after treatment to evaluate the effect of combined psychological factors on FGIDs treatment.
Global research trends on the associations between the microbiota and lung cancer: a visualization bibliometric analysis (2008–2023)
Authors: Zhao Maoyuan , Tian Jie , Hou Wang , Yin Liyuan , Li Weimin
Published: August 2024

Numerous papers have been published on the microbiota in lung cancer in recent years. However, there is still a lack of bibliometric analysis of the microbiota in lung cancer in this field. Our paper did bibliometric analyses and elucidated the knowledge structure and study hotspots related to the microbiota in lung cancer patients. We screened publications reporting on the microbiota in lung cancer from 2008 to 2023 from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database, and carried out bibliometric analyses by the application of the VOSviewers, CiteSpace and R package “bibliometrix.” The 684 documents enrolled in the analysis were obtained from 331 institutions in 67 regions by 4,661 authors and were recorded in 340 journals. Annual papers are growing rapidly, and the countries of China, the United States and Italy are contributing the most to this area of research. Zhejiang University is the main research organization. Science and Cancer had significant impacts on this area. Zhang Yan had the most articles, and the Bertrand Routy had the most co-cited times. Exploring the mechanism of action of the lung and/or gut microbiota in lung cancer and therapeutic strategies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer are the main topics. Moreover, “gut microbiota,” “immunotherapy,” and “short-chain fatty acids” are important keywords for upcoming study hotspots. In conclusion, microbiota research offers promising opportunities in lung cancer, with pivotal studies exploring the mechanisms that link lung and gut microbiota to therapeutic strategies, particularly through immune checkpoint inhibitors. Moreover, the gut-lung axis emerges as a novel target for innovative treatments. Further research is essential to unravel the detailed mechanisms of this connection.
Positive effects of molybdenum on the biomineralization process on the surface of low-alloy steel catalyzed by Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Guo Zhangwei , Feng Qun , Guo Na , Yin Yansheng , Liu Tao
Published: August 2024

The adhesion of microorganisms and the subsequent formation of mineralized layers in biofilms are of great significance in inhibiting the corrosion of metal materials. In this work, we found that the adhesion and subsequent mineralization of Bacillus subtilis on the surface of low-alloy steel are influenced by the molybdenum in the material. The addition of molybdenum will lead to increased adhesion of B. subtilis on the material surface, and the subsequent biomineralization ability has also been improved. Through transcriptome and physiological and biochemical tests, we found that molybdenum can affect the chemotaxis, mobility and carbonic anhydrase secretion related genes of B. subtilis, and then affect the formation and mineralization of the biofilm of B. subtilis.
Target detection and classification via EfficientDet and CNN over unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad Ovais , Hanzla Muhammad , Al Mudawi Naif , Sadiq Touseef , Alabdullah Bayan , Rahman Hameedur , Algarni Asaad
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Advanced traffic monitoring systems face significant challenges in vehicle detection and classification. Conventional methods often require substantial computational resources and struggle to adapt to diverse data collection methods.

Methods

This research introduces an innovative technique for classifying and recognizing vehicles in aerial image sequences. The proposed model encompasses several phases, starting with image enhancement through noise reduction and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). Following this, contour-based segmentation and Fuzzy C-means segmentation (FCM) are applied to identify foreground objects. Vehicle detection and identification are performed using EfficientDet. For feature extraction, Accelerated KAZE (AKAZE), Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB), and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) are utilized. Object classification is achieved through a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and ResNet Residual Network.

Results

The proposed method demonstrates improved performance over previous approaches. Experiments on datasets including Vehicle Aerial Imagery from a Drone (VAID) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Intruder Dataset (UAVID) reveal that the model achieves an accuracy of 96.6% on UAVID and 97% on VAID.

Discussion

The results indicate that the proposed model significantly enhances vehicle detection and classification in aerial images, surpassing existing methods and offering notable improvements for traffic monitoring systems.
Enhancing intracranial efficacy prediction of osimertinib in non-small cell lung cancer: a novel approach through brain MRI radiomics
Authors: Tang Xin , Li Yuan , Qian Wen-Lei , Han Pei-Lun , Yan Wei-Feng , Yang Zhi-Gang
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, is known for its high efficacy against brain metastases (BM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to its ability to penetrate the blood–brain barrier. This study aims to evaluate the use of brain MRI radiomics in predicting the intracranial efficacy to osimertinib in NSCLC patients with BM.

Materials and methods

This study analyzed 115 brain metastases from NSCLC patients with the EGFR-T790M mutation treated with second-line osimertinib. The primary endpoint was intracranial response, and the secondary endpoint was intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS). We performed tumor delineation, image preprocessing, and radiomics feature extraction. Using a 5-fold cross-validation strategy, we built radiomic models with eight feature selectors and eight machine learning classifiers. The models’ performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.

Results

The dataset of 115 brain metastases was divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. The radiomic model utilizing the mRMR feature selector and stepwise logistic regression classifier showed the highest predictive accuracy, with AUCs of 0.879 for the training cohort and 0.786 for the validation cohort. This model outperformed a clinical-MRI morphological model, which included age, ring enhancement, and peritumoral edema (AUC: 0.794 for the training cohort and 0.697 for the validation cohort). The radiomic model also showed strong performance in calibration and decision curve analyses. Using a radiomic-score threshold of 199, patients were classified into two groups with significantly different median iPFS (3.0 months vs. 15.4 months, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that MRI radiomics can effectively predict the intracranial efficacy of osimertinib in NSCLC patients with brain metastases. This approach holds promise for assisting clinicians in personalizing treatment strategies.
Right-to-left shunt-associated brain functional changes in migraine: evidences from a resting-state FMRI study
Authors: Cao Wenfei , Jiao Lei , Zhou Huizhong , Zhong Jiaqi , Wang Nizhuan , Yang Jiajun
Published: August 2024

Background

Migraine, a neurological condition perpetually under investigation, remains shrouded in mystery regarding its underlying causes. While a potential link to Right-to-Left Shunt (RLS) has been postulated, the exact nature of this association remains elusive, necessitating further exploration.

Methods

The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) were employed to investigate functional segregation and functional integration across distinct brain regions. Graph theory-based network analysis was utilized to assess functional networks in migraine patients with RLS. Pearson correlation analysis further explored the relationship between RLS severity and various functional metrics.

Results

Compared with migraine patients without RLS, patients with RLS exhibited a significant increase in the ALFF within left middle occipital and superior occipital gyrus; In migraine patients with RLS, significantly reduced brain functional connectivity was found, including the connectivity between default mode network and visual network, ventral attention network, as well as the intra-functional connectivity of somatomotor network and its connection with the limbic network, and also the connectivity between the left rolandic operculum and the right middle cingulate gyrus. Notably, a significantly enhanced functional connectivity between the frontoparietal network and the ventral attention network was found in migraine with RLS; Patients with RLS displayed higher values of the normalized clustering coefficient and greater betweenness centrality in specific regions, including the left precuneus, right insula, and right inferior temporal gyrus. Additionally, these patients displayed a diminished nodal degree in the occipital lobe and reduced nodal efficiency within the fusiform gyrus; Further, the study found positive correlations between ALFF in the temporal lobes, thalamus, left middle occipital, and superior occipital gyrus and RLS severity. Conversely, negative correlations emerged between ALFF in the right inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and insula and RLS grading. Finally, the study identified a positive correlation between angular gyrus betweenness centrality and RLS severity.

Conclusion

RLS-associated brain functional alterations in migraine consisted of local brain regions, connectivity, and networks involved in pain conduction and regulation did exist in migraine with RLS.