bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo de una taxonomía interoperable a partir del mapeo de taxonomías empíricas
Authors: García Marco Francisco Javier , López del Ramo Joaquín
Published: June 2022

Se explora la construcción de taxonomías web interoperables mediante el mapeo de las categorías utilizadas en sus menús de navegación a partir del estudio de un caso real. Se analiza el concepto de taxonomía, y se conceptualizan los menús y mapas de sitio como taxonomías web empíricas. Se realiza un desarrollo con los 34 sitios web operativos de las asociaciones afiliadas a la Federación Española de Asociaciones de Amigos del Camino de Santiago. Para ello, se buscaron los menús y mapas de sitio, se extrajeron sus etiquetas y se codificó su orden. Luego, se mapearon las categorías equivalentes eligiendo la etiqueta más específica o asignando una en caso de ambigüedad. Se reconstruyeron las relaciones jerárquicas con un enfoque inductivo (de abajo a arriba) respetando la inclusividad natural, y, para completarlas, se añadieron algunas clases genéricas. La ordenación sistemática final se inspiró en los modelos de Ranganathan, Laswell, las siete preguntas y el de análisis de dominios. Además, se desarrollaron tres conjuntos de etiquetas susceptibles de servir como título, categoría de menú o descriptor conforme a ISO 25964, de manera que la taxonomía pueda ser útil para un amplio conjunto de funciones de navegación y búsqueda. Como resultado, fue posible mapear la totalidad de las categorías de las asociaciones en una taxonomía de enlace (hub), que puede además utilizarse para generar un tesauro altamente clasificado, formar el esqueleto de una ontología, soportar el diseño de arquitecturas web y funcionalidades de integración y agregación de páginas web. También permite realizar un mapa de la ecología informacional, y servir de base para futuras colaboraciones y normalizaciones entre sus agentes. Finalmente, las taxonomías web se conceptualizan como un tipo clave de sistemas de organización del conocimiento que deben ser integrados en la teoría, práctica y estrategia de la disciplina; y se ofrecen recomendaciones para la investigación futura.
RELEVANCE OF GREEN SERVICESCAPE IN MARKETING OF FOOD SERVICES
Authors: Bhattacharjee Prof Abhishek
Published: June 2022

During the last few years, customers are putting lot of emphasis on the green concepts of the physical environment of the food service sector. Green servicescapes, in terms of water efficiency, energy efficiency, internal environmental quality etc. have shown the capability of attracting customers towards it. It has a tremendous role in impressing the various customers. Keeping it in mind, this paper aims to determine the effectiveness of green servicescapes in terms of the ranking/rating given by the customers. It also discussed the factors of energy efficient servicescapes which play a great role in attracting customers. It has studied the impact of servicescapes on the consumer behaviour for determining specific influence of the various factors constituting servicescapes. Keywords: Green servicescape, energy efficiency, food service,
Evergreen Environment in Smart Cities
Authors: M Kailainathan
Published: June 2022

One hundred cities are proposed to be turned as smart cities across our nation. This paper serves in providing general guidance for planning of smart cities from an environmental perspective with a view to guide the conceptualization of the proposed smart cities towards a cleaner, greener and safer place to live in. A set of environmental criteria such as urban forests, green alleys, constructed wetlands, green roofs, permeable paving, green streets, green parking, green walls and rain gardens were discussed. Implementing the environmental protection measures in the developing smart cities would also add up to the benefits like improving water and air quality, serves as temperature regulator, increases the biodiversity thereby saving energy and creating job opportunities. Thus in this paper, methods of improvising the environmental conditions as evergreen in smart cities and their benefits to the society has been briefed. Index Terms— Smart cities, evergreen environment, air quality, cleaner, greener, safer place
Replacement of Bitumen with Waste Thermoplastic and Crumb Rubber
Authors: Sonwalkar Akash M.
Published: June 2022

Plastic replace the other material easily due to this product cost is less. It is more economical than any other material but its large drawback is its disposal problem. Waste plastic affects the environment as well as human life in large extent. Thermo-plastic has properties due to this it can be used in the construction of road, because of this the construction cost is less. In this paper some amount of bitumen is replaced with thermoplastic and crumb rubber together to achieve more strength and durability in pavement construction.
COVID-19 INFECTION IDENTIFICATION BY RETRIEVAL METHOD
Authors: Journal IJSREM
Published: June 2022

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused global pandemic that led to a dramatic loss of human life worldwide. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarize and comparatively analyze the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infectionand previous human coronaviruses including severe ascute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARSCoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We also discuss the approaches for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak.
TOPIC MODELING BY USING LDA
Authors: S B GAGAN
Published: June 2022

Topic modelling plays a significant Information retrieval showed good performance on a wide variety of tasks over the years. It has wide research in machine learning and text mining. The combination of the probability mixture model and the term model presents the topic model. They are the language modelling framework of information retrieval. The present topic modelling methods are probabilistic latent semantic analysis and latent dirichlet allocation. Two main faults of topic modelling are First, common or popular words are different topics, often causing ambivalence to understand the topic. Second, single words have to be presented correctly. Actual problems of topic modelling are Efficiency and scaling are discussed and compared in different types of Topic modelling. The review of article is about how topic modelling for information retrieval is done using LDA(Latent Dirichlet Allocation).
A Research Paper on INTERNET INDIA
Authors: Journal IJSREM
Published: June 2022

This paper reports about the ‘Internet in India’, trends of the growth of Internet in India. This research paper has done an analysis of evolution of Internet in India. Internet emphasises the gap among social groups and regions. Internet in India began in 1986 and was available only to the educational and research community. General public access to the internet began on 15 August 1995, and as of 2020 there are 718.74 million active internet users that comprise 54.29% of the population. India is still lacking internet in few parts. Our analysis also finds the correlation with the evolution of internet in India. In this research paper, we have compared the early internet days in India to the present internet days, and found that the usage has drastically increased and now there is also an internet society. We have also viewed few survey reports and found that the need is required, but it is yet to be fulfilled by government. The knowledge of Internet still to be spread widely in India, so that there can be a good reach and exposure to the world. As rural subscriber rate increases, the rural internet growth also increases. Urban Internet users mostly use wireless mode to access internet.
Traffic Analysis and Vehicle Flow Control using Deep Learning
Authors: Journal IJSREM
Published: June 2022

In recent times, traffic congestion is a main problem at every junction.Traffic timer controlling system will display green signal for each lane at regular time intervals.If a lane does not consists of vehicles,the traffic controlling system still display the green signal for a period of time.At that time, vehicles at other lanes has to wait for the signal.This problem is prevented by the project “ TRAFFIC ANALYSIS AND FLOW CONTROL USING YOLO-v3. “YOLO-v3 stands for “You Look Only Once” and it is a real-time object detection algorithm that identifies objects in videos, images and helpful for detect object in environment. This project is developed for regulating the traffic flow by releasing better signal at time intervals keyword: Traffic flow, YOLO-v3, Deep Learning
Effective Image Tagging: A Survey on Techniques to Improve Image Retrieval Experience
Authors: Journal IJSREM
Published: June 2022

Images are generally searched using textual queries. For relevant images to retrieved effectively, they need to properly tagged. Tagging can be done manually or automatically. This paper is a survey on techniques to improve image retrieval experience by computing better tags for images. It also discusses some problems with the current techniques which opens up opportunities for further research. Key Words: image, tagging, searching
ASSESSMENT OF STEADY FLOW BEHAVIOUR OF KULSI RIVER USING HEC-RAS AND QGIS
Authors: KARMAKAR SHIBAM
Published: June 2022

Sediment transport study is important tools of Kulsi River in the context of river bank erosion, Sedimentation, and water quality management. The initiation of computer technologies has enabled engineers to resolve sediment transport equations through computer simulations. In this study, it is intended to carry out a sediment transport study in the Kulsi River reach with the help of Hydrologic Engineering Centre-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) and Quantum Geographic information System (QGIS). From the analysis of the model, total sediment erosion and deposition were obtained at different cross sections between the study reach. Kulsi river is Southern tributary of Brahmaputra and it’s originate in Meghalaya (2538N, 9138E) and after travelling 12 km its enter Assam from the place of its origin and linked with Brahmaputra at Nagarbara in Kamrup Metro. The initial version of this sediment model will leverage the wide range of hydraulic capabilities existing in HEC-RAS to compute a series of steady flow profiles used to develop hydrodynamic parameters for sediment transport. In this model where sufficient data is not available, So QGIS and remote sensing used as tools for extraction of bed profile of Kulsi River. HEC-RAS and QGIS are the Software used in this study. This study is carried out to simulate the process of erosion and sedimentation using HEC- RAS model to assess sedimentation and erosion processes in 2.5 Km stretch of Kulsi River from upstream to downstream. The model was calibrated manually for hydraulic parameters of river flow and then sediment transport model was simulated from January 2016 to December 2016. Key Words: Steady flow, HEC-RAS 5.05, QGIS, TCX converter.
The Potential of Cellulose from the Sugar Palm (Arenga Pinnata) Seed Shell for Removal of Cr(Vi) Ions
Authors: Lestari Intan , Sapitri Rahma Aini , Gusti Diah Riski , Achaby Mounir El
Published: June 2022

Cr (VI) is persistent, bio-accumulative, toxic metal, unable to decompose in the environment, and accumulates in the human body through the food chain. The Cr(VI) ions can remove in aqueous solution by adsorption technique with cellulose extracted. Extract of cellulose were prepare from palm (Arenga pinnata) seed shell using acidified H2SO4 and bleaching methods. The cellulose have contained the hydroxyl (–OH) functional groups in structure, it can be an adsorbent for heavy metal ions. Cellulose was obtained with delignification and bleaching methods to break the bond between lignin and cellulose. The cellulose extracted were characterized by Fourier Transformation Infra-Red (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM)-EDX. The adsorption process was conducted using pH, contact time, and concentration of Cr(VI) ions. The results showed that the optimum pH was obtained at pH 3 with an adsorption capacity is 0.88 mg/g. The optimum contact time was obtained at 120 minutes with an adsorption capacity is 0.89 mg/g. The optimum concentration was obtained at a concentration of 200 ppm with an adsorption capacity is 20.34 mg/g
Study of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell Waste to Adsorb Cu and Mn Metals in Acid Mine Drainage
Authors: Ni`mah Lailan , Mahfud Mahfud , Juliastuti Sri Rachmania
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to make activated carbon from coconut shell carbon and examine its use in adsorbing metals in acid mine drainage; to study the types of activators; to determine the optimum mass for the efficiency of reducing the concentration of Cu2+ metal and Mn2+ metal (percent removal) using the activated carbon from coconut shell carbon; and to determine the adsorption of isothermal model. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that activated carbon could be made from coconut shell carbon with 20% H3PO4 chemical activation. Before being activated, it was made by heating at a temperature of 300°C for 2 hours. The best activated carbon in terms of metals adsorption in acid mine drainage was in a mass of 4 grams with each percent removal of 57.62% for Cu metal and 91.37% for Mn metal. Data analysis of the effect of concentration on adsorption capacity used the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. The Langmuir equation for the adsorption of Mn metal obtained the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 15.16 mg/g; KL=73.09 mol/L and R2=0.9568. Meanwhile, the adsorption of Cu metal obtained the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax)=4.73 mg/g; KL=73.14 mol/L and R2= 0.9304. In Freundlich's equation, on the adsorption of Mn metal, the resulting KF=15.14 mol/L; R2=0.9129, while on the adsorption of Cu metal, the resulting KF=.72 mol/L; R2= 0.9092. Based on the data, the adsorption isotherm curve more closely follows the Langmuir isotherm model (adsorption takes place in one layer (monolayer).
Analisis Perpindahan Panas Dandang Pengukus Saus Tomat Usaha Bersama Kelompok Mandiri Di Nagari Batu Palano Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat
Authors: Muchlisinalahuddin  , Pernandes Pingki , Muharni Riza
Published: June 2022

Tomat merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang dapat di olah menjadi saus tomat untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis buah tomat.  Kelompok tani Usaha bersama kelompok mandiri di Nagari batu palano kabupaten agam mengolah tomat menjadi saus tomat. Dalam pengolahan saus tomat membutuhkan waktu 6 jam sampai 8 jam, hal tersebut disebabkan karena material pengukus berukuran tebal yaitu 1 mm dan jarak antar dandang luar dan dandang dalam berukuran 5 cm. untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dilakukan modifikasi dengan mengganti material berukuran 0,6 mm dan jarak antar dandang menjadi 2,5 cm, kemudian dilakukan pengujian dengan faribel api besar, api sedang dan api kecil. Maka didapat perbandingan waktu laju perpindahan panas antara dandang UBK Mandiri dengan dandang modifikasi. Dengan api besar dandang UBK Mandiri membutuhkan waktu untuk mendidihkan air hingga titik didih 95 oC selama 2 jam 15 menit, dandang modifikasi 1 jam 30 menit. Dengan menggunakan api sedang dandang UBK Mandiri membutuhkan waktu 4 jam, dandang modifikasi 2 jam 30 menit. Dengan api sedang dandang UBK Mandiri membutuhkan waku 6 jam, dandang modifikasi membutuhkan waktu 4 jam 45 menit. Jadi dalam proses memdidihkan iar hingga titik didih dandang modifikasi lebih cepat dari dandang UBK Mandiri.
Health seeking behavior among nurses working in public hospitals in Kakamega County, Kenya
Authors: Mchidi Nebert. K.
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Nurses are knowledgeable about the disease and its treatment, have access to health care and health insurance. However, there is evidence that nurses engage in self-treatment and curbside consultations, a complete contrast of what they expect of their patients. It is in this regard that health-seeking behaviour among nurses in Kakamega County was investigated.

Design/ Methodology/Approach: The study design was descriptive cross-sectional, that utilized a quantitative method. The design was chosen because the data collected on health-seeking behaviour is a product of temporal and spatial factors. It was a prevalence study to evaluate factors that explain health-seeking behaviour among Nurses in Kakamega County

Findings: The study concludes that the predisposing, enabling and need factors are significant in explaining the health-seeking behaviour of nurses in Kakamega County and recommends empowering young and male nurses to utilize formal care through education. It also recommends that the County involves nurses in investing in quality health care.

Contribution to policy and practice: the study was also able to highlight the influence of health services access and availability of quality health services that nurses access in the County on health care use. These factors included the adequacy of health staff who offer services to the nurses, the adequacy of NHIF as the insurance cover and the availability of drugs.

Originality/Value: The study extends the literature on public health.
The Effects of Cost-Sharing On Healthcare Services Provision in Public Hospitals in Kenya: A Case Study of Kangundo District, Eastern Kenya
Authors: Muiya Bernard Munyao
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The focus of this study was to determine the effects of cost-sharing on healthcare services provided in public hospitals in Kenya by examining a case study of Kangundo District Hospital in the Eastern Provision of Kenya

Design/ Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted out in Kangundo District, Eastern Kenya which covers an area of 178.2 km. A survey research design was used to collect data and was supplemented by field research (qualitative approach). 150 household heads were sampled to generate quantitative data while 10 health care providers from Kangundo District Hospital were interviewed as key informants. A standardized questionnaire was used to interview household heads in the three research sites. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select household heads while non-probability (purposive) sampling was used in the selection of the three locations and three sub-locations, respectively.

Findings: The study established that the introduction of cost-sharing has not led to diverting demand of health care from public to private health care providers in Kangundo District, though patients still utilized private health care facilities in the district.

 Contribution to policy and practice: There is a need for Situational analysis on Health Insurance programs as a supplement to cost-sharing in health care in order to strengthen the quality of policy decision making regarding access and equity in health care.

Originality/Value: This study is the first to empirically establish the Effects Of Cost-Sharing On Healthcare Services Provision In Public Hospitals In Kenya
Survey on Indian Sign Language Recognition Systems
Authors: Kumar K.Vinay , Parvej S. Mohammed , Khan Zafar Ali
Published: June 2022

Sign Language is a way of communication used by hearing-impaired people. As many normal people don’t know the Sign Language it is difficult to understand by them to understand thus, increasing the communication gap between normal and hearing-impaired people. To overcome this problem many systems,using Machine Learning(ML), Artificial Intelligence(AI), Deep Learning(DL), computer vision methods, were developed and being developed. These systems are used to translate Indian Sign Language(ISL) to understandable text, facilitating the communication between normal and hearing-impaired people. This study briefly explains various type of Indian Sign Language(ISL) recognition systems.
ROLE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE IN CINEMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Pradeep Reddy S. Sai , Krishna Balla Hari , N Zafar Ali Khan
Published: June 2022

(Unmanned aerial vehicle has been used to any type of cinematography activities. It is widely used for today's time where in most of cinematography activities used drones for aerial shots, that is more convenience and easy to use than man power. Controlling a drone while lining a cinematography activity such as movies, dramas, action and also photography. On the other hand, it is typically requiring a large number of skilled human operators. To optimize shooting creativity and efficiency while minimizing production costs, it must be untextual aware and adaptive. This purpose necessitates the use of drone vision. It is at its core, an investigation of how to improve human creativity, expressiveness, and experience sharing. This study aims to determine and to Find out the minor and major function of unmanned aerial vehicle in terms of cinematography as drone plays vital role to the history of cinematography together with the intelligent and abilities behind drones. This paper introduces the usage, data analysis, the drones used and the data collected throughout the study. The result presented in this study shows how unmanned aerial vehicle is important to any indu strial sector especially in cinematography when it comes to the roles in cinematography world. Here we also see about the comparison of drones between cinematography and other sectors.
SAMSUN KENT MERKEZİNDE YETİŞEN BAZI BİTKİLERDE B ve Ag KONSANTRASYONLARININ TRAFİK YOĞUNLUĞUNA BAĞLI DEĞİŞİMİ
Authors: ZEREN ÇETİN İlknur
Published: June 2022

Artan nüfus ve sanayileşme, hava kirliliğini de beraberinde getirmiş, hava kirliliği bazı şehirlerde insan sağlığını tehdit edecek düzeyde artmış ve günümüzün en önemli gündem konularından birisi haline gelmiştir. Kent içerisinde egzoz gazları, araba tekerleri, araçlar ve araç aşınmalarından kaynaklanan pek çok kirletici madde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunlar arasında özellikle ağır metaller büyük öneme sahiptir. Zira ağır metaller doğada bozulmadan uzun süre kalabilmekte ve çevredeki konsantrasyonu da sürekli artmaktadır. Ayrıca biyobirikme eğilimindedir. Bundan dolayı ağır metal konsantrasyonunun belirlenmesi, riskli bölgelerin ve risk düzeyinin tespit edilmesi açısından büyük öneme sahiptir. Ağır metal kirliliğinin atmosferdeki konsantrasyonunun değişimini gösteren en önemli belirteçler biyomonitörlerdir. Bu çalışmada da trafik kaynaklı ağır metal konsantrasyonunun izlenmesinde kullanılabilen Eonymus japonica (Ej), Juniperus sabina (Js) ve Buxus sempervirens (Bs) türlerinde B ve Ag elementlerin konsantrasyonlarının organ bazında yıkama durumu ve trafik yoğunluğuna bağlı değişimi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında çalışmaya konu bitki türlerinin, trafiğin yoğun olduğu, az yoğun olduğu ve trafiğin bulunmadığı alanlarda yetişen bireylerinden yaprak ve dal örnekleri toplanmış, örneklerin bir kısmında yıkama işlemi gerçekleştirilmiş ve hazırlanan örneklerde ağır metal analizleri yapılarak B ve Ag elementlerinin konsantrasyonları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda farklı türlerin ağır metalleri farklı düzeyde biriktirdiği, elementlerin konsantrasyonlarındaki değişimin de tür bazında organ ve trafik yoğunluğuna bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Investigation Of Structure-Activity Relationships With Molecular Docking For Some Antiepileptic Drugs And Voltage-Gated Calcium (CaV) Channels
Authors: ÇAKMAK Esra Nur , GÜR Mahmut , KIRAN Bayram
Published: June 2022

In the study, the active drugs molecules used in the treatment of convulsive seizures occurring in epilepsy disease were used. These molecules; Vigabatrin, Lokosamidin, Zonisamide, Oxcarbazepine, Levetiracetam, Tiagabin, Topiramate, Lamotrigine, Gabapentin, Felbamate, Ethosuximide, Valproic Acid, Mesuximide, Ethotoin, Primidone, Trimethadion, Phenytoin, Remasemide, Mephenytoin. These molecules have been selected considering the physiopathological mechanisms of action of epilepsy. Since the selected molecules are used as a potential antiepileptic agent, they were deemed suitable for molecular insertion studies. In addition, voltage-gated calcium channels, which play an important role in epilepsy, are emphasized. Voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV) act by providing the flow of Ca+ ions during the action potential that triggers seizure formation, and among the ten subtypes of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels, CaV3.1- CaV3.3, T-type or abnormal activities are associated with epilepsy, psychiatric form the associated low-voltage-activated subfamily. For this reason, the PDB ID: 6KZP receptor, which acts as an antagonist according to its activity on the channel in the formation of epileptic seizures, was chosen for the molecular insertion study. As a result of molecular placement studies; Oxcarbazepine and Phenytoin gave the best binding affinity for 6KZP with a value of -7.5 kcal/mol. Other results are in descending order (in kcal/mol); Tiagabine (-7.4), Mesuximide (-7.3), Primidone (-7.1), Remasemide (-7.0), Topiramate (-6.9) Mephenytoin (-6.7), Lomotrigine and Ethotoin (-6.4), Locosamide and Zonisamide (-6.1) , Felbamate (-6.0), Levetiracetam and Gabapentin (-5.4), Esuximide (-5.1), Valproic Acid (-4.9), Trimethadione (-4.7), Vigabatrin (-4.4) determined as.
Thomas Gartmann: Vertiefungen
Authors: Boeck Angelika , Tepe Peter , Gartmann Thomas
Published: June 2022

Im Interview wird Thomas Gartmanns Beitrag Studies in the Arts: Ein künstlerisch-wissenschaftliches Doktorat vertieft: Ein Promotionsprojekt mit Bezügen zur bildenden Kunst dient als Beispiel; Fragen, die Studieninteressierte stellen, werden beantwortet; auf Kritik, die das Berner Modell erfahren hat, wird reagiert.
Al-Syawāhid Al-Qur'āniyyah 'Alā Basyariyyah 'Īsa Min Khilāl Sūraħ Āli 'Imrān (Dirāsah Tahlīliyah)
Authors: Al Sataami Sultan bin Fahd bin Ali , Saputra Adha , Erlina Lira
Published: June 2022

This study focuses on a doctrinal issue, which is: confirming the humanity of Isa (Jesus) –peace and blessings upon him-, through revealing the method of the Qur’an in presenting the apparent Qur’anic proofs through a particular chapter, the research was titled: “The Qur’anic Proofs on the Humanity of Isa (Jesus) –peace and blessing upon him- Through Sūrah Āl-‘Imrān – An Analytical Study-”. The study contains a number of general and specific proofs on the monotheism of the Creator and an explanation of the reality of Isa (Jesus) –peace be upon him- through proofs and evidences that were mentioned in Sūrah Āl-‘Imrān, and quoting the most significant findings and the natural and logical proofs in conceptualizing this immutable issue among the Christians in particular.
Hemma hos firmafamiljen
Authors: Karlsson Stider Annelie
Published: June 2022

The Bonnier family business history shows how the women have had substantial influence over the business; nonetheless, this has been from a subordinateposition in relation to the men. Over the first four generations, wives had access to arenas where business was discussed and through their conversations with authors, managers and boards of directors, they indirectly influenced the management of the business. Over time, the division of power has changed both between the genders and between women. Historically, wives and especially mothers have been more influential than daughters.But since daughters now inherit shares in the company (as opposed to financial assets only) they have become owners and as such more influential than wives. However, despite being more influential now than ever before, daughters are still subordinate to sons o f the family: there are more sons than daughters on management positions and as chairmen. In conclusion I discuss the consequences of integrating the private and public in analysis. I argue that organisational research must include arenas such as the home into the study of power in corporations, otherwise we will not fully understand managerial leadership. By focusing on the home, the managerial influence of agents such as wives, mothers and daughters is made visible.
"Kommen nu, I Swea Inbyggare!" Kvinnliga författare och politisk retorik under frihetstiden
Authors: Öhrberg Ann
Published: June 2022

Finns det ett särskilt kvinnligt politiskt språk? Eller använder kvinnor andra strategier för att uttrycka politiska åsikter'? Ann Ohrberg diskuterar två kvinnliga författares politiska texter från 1700-talet.
Att vara man på mötet - skapandet av den gode medarbetaren
Authors: Milles Karin
Published: June 2022

Research on gender and language is often inhibited by the fact that many writers/researchers lack either linguistic training or insights into modern theories of gender. In my article, I criticize some of the research on gender and language for being a gender conservative practice in itself, designed to preserve rather than challenge the patriarchal power structure of society, due to its focus on "feminine and masculine language styles". Instead, we ought to let modern feminist theories of gender guide what questions to ask and how to understand the results of the analysis of spöken interaction. This means focusing on structures of power instead of "feminine" and "masculine" language, and by this develop an analysis which we can call a feminist conversational analysis. Judith Butler's concept of performativity enables us to view sex/gender as a process or activity rather than a personal attribute. By using language in a sex-specific way we become women and men rather than express some inborn difference. This does not mean that we are free to perform the gender of our own choice, since we all are attributed one, and only one of the two genders, normally at birth. We are not free to choose the way to perform that gender either, since the characteristics of each gender is regulated through the heterosexual matrix. This explains why the linguistic analysis of language and gender cannot produce easy answers and advice on "how to talk like a man to get power" or the like. Since each individual depends on structures of ideology, the project of creating a gender neutral or non-oppressive language is part of the political project of feminist struggle and not anything the single individual can achieve by changing the way she talks.
Tjänstesektorn och jämställdheten bland näringslivets högre chefer
Authors: Henrekson Magnus
Published: June 2022

Why are there fewer women at top positions in the private sector in Sweden than in the private sector of many other industrialized countries, in short, why do women have so little economic power in Sweden? In an attempt to answer this question Magnus Henrekson takes the analysis of last years's final report from the Swedish government commission dealing with this issue (Kvinnomaktutredningen, SOU 1998:6) as his point of departure. An important assumption underlying the analysis is that social gender cannot explain the difference between women in Sweden and other countries. This difference, it is claimed, has to be explained by factors specific to Sweden. Thus, no attempt is made to explain the fact that women have less economic power than men in all industrialized countries. In the paper it is documented in some detail that the volume of household work has remained very large despite the introduction of a number of labor-saving technologies in the household. Moreover, a number of tasks have been transfered from the professional sector to the household sector, notably as a result of the downsizing of public sector service production. The high tax burden on labor has efficiently impeded expansion of the household-related service sector. As a result, less tirne is made available for women to pursue a professional career in industry, and therefore women as a group meet yet another obstacle to attaining positions providing economic power. The high taxes have also made it possible to expand public employment more than in any other OECD country. Women have been offered jobs in the public sector on terms that make it easier to reconcile a professional career with continued responsibility for the bulk of the unpaid household work. This fact is likely to have weakened the incentives for women to acquire economic power in private industry and to have decreased the demand for household-related services. It is also documented that the sum total of household work in Sweden is so extensive, that an equal sharing of the total workload between the spouses is likely to lead to a situation where neither the woman nor the man in the family is able to pursue a career that leads to the attainment of economic power. The policy pursued in Sweden may have had a positive effect on gender equality in the sense that women have gained greater economic independence from their male partner. On the other hand, it is likely to have weakened the incentives for women to acquire positions in the private sector from which economic power can be wielded.
Drömmar och kompetens. Kvinnor och det tidiga 1900-talets varuhus
Authors: Husz Orsi
Published: June 2022

This article is a historical investigation into department stores and consumer culture from a gender perspective. The analysis focuses on two dichotomies: hedonistic versus rational consumption and emancipatory versus oppressive consumption. These two dichotomies are interdependent in many ways. In studies on consumer culture and gender history there are two major interpretations of the significance of the early department store. The stores are perceived as either emancipatory or as oppressive institutions towards women. These two alternative interpretations approach the dichotomy of rational versus hedonistic consumption in very different ways. Scholars who argue for the emancipatory importance of the stores dissolve the dichotomy. Their studies imply that hedonistic and mainly pleasure-seeking consumption was not necessarily irrational. inauthentic and manipulated. In contrast, researchers arguing for the other, rather negative interpretation are actually maintain the conventional dichotomy; or more precisely, they think within the framework of that dichotomy, instead of treating it as a cultural construction, or as an analytical tool in interpreting historical material. Earlier research on the history of consumption has asserted that female consumers were depicted by their contemporaries at the turn of the century and in the early twentieth century as easily manipulated, impulsive, pleasure-seeking and foolish. This image, which corresponds to the ideal type of the hedonistic consumer, was contrasted to that of the male as rational and autonomous, even as a consumer. My research shows that, in the world of the Swedish department store, NK, at least as depicted in its staff-newspaper, consumers were characterized differently. Women-consumers were often described there as self-confident and competent, whereas men were said to be irrational, incompetent and easily tempted. The traditional dichotomy is thus reversed. My analysis of the department store NK shows that mechanisms which conserve the subordination of women and mechanisms that act against it coexist, and that these are often manifested in various representations of hedonistic and rational consumption. However these are merely representations and nothing more. In the actual practice of consumption, in the ways people use and appropriate the store, the 'hedonistic' and the 'rational' elements are always combined.
Psykoanalys, feminism och politik. Ett samtal med Juliet Mitchell
Authors: Moi Toril
Published: June 2022

För nutida feminism är "frigörelse" och "förtryck" de begrepp som är mest tabu. På 60-talet använde vi dem som hypotetiska begrepp i brist på bättre. Det säger Juliet Mitchell i ett samtal om kvinnokamp från 60-talet till idag.
"Det är bara att säga nej". Feministiska perspektiv på avvisande av sexuella förslag
Authors: Kitzinger Celia , Frith Hannah
Published: June 2022

This article aims to show the value of conversation analysis for feminist theory and practice around refusal skills training and date rape prevention. Conversation analysis shows that refusals are complex conversational interactions, incorporating delays, prefaces, palliatives, and accounts. Refusal skills training often ignores and overrides these with its simplistic prescription to 'just say no'. It should not in fact be necessary for a woman to say 'no' in order for her to be understood as refusing sex. We draw on our own data to suggest that young women are able explicitly to articulate a sophisticated awareness of these culturally normative ways of indicating refusal, and we suggest that the insistence upon 'just say no' may be counterproductive insofar as it implies that other ways of doing refusals (e.g. with silences, compliments or even weak acceptances) are open to reasonable doubt. Finally we discuss he implications of our use of conversation analysis for feminist psychology, both in relation to date rape and more generally.
Bergsklättrerskan och de militanta lesbiska feministerna. Om könsbarriärer och jämställdhet inom akademin
Authors: Egeland Cathrine
Published: June 2022

This article deals with challenges connected to the remarkably low representation of women among the academic staff in Danish universities. It explores the paradoxical relation between the ideal of gender equality and the image of Academia as a gender neutral culture of no culture, on one side, and what are considered to be gender barriers, on the other. Nothing in Danish legislation directed at the academic world supports any kind of discrimination against women. The thoughtprovoking picture we are presented with then is that there is actually no contradiction between the ideal of gender equality and the unequal relation between the number of women and the number of men employed as researchers in Danish universities. As an aid to understanding this perhaps surprising lack of contradiction, the artide recommends an approach to the problem of gender barriers in Academia which does not consider the problem as given - i.e. as given as a problem. Instead, the relation between the image of Academia as a gender neutral culture of no culture and the existence of gender barriers is revealed with the aid of discourse analysis. This analysis shows that what is at stake is not a contradictory, but a highly productive relation where gender equality and genderneutrality function as elements in a discrete, but effective and powerful mechanism that tums the problem of gender barriers in Academia into an invalid problem. What is suggested is that an undermining of gender barriers and gender inequality within the universities may not necessarily be achieved through an appeal to the ideal of gender equality. Rather projects designed to undermine the status quo should be developed in the form of feminist interventions and renegotiations of our understanding of what science or scholarship might be and of the relation between science and society and between quality and objectivity in the research process.
Den vetenskapliga metodens förförelse, eller: hur vi kan övertalas att biologin är ett öde
Authors: Davies Bronwyn
Published: June 2022

How is it that we are so seduced by the scientific method and fail to find the flaws in our "scientific reasoning"? This paper is a critique of the scientific method as it is used in a set of studies that set out to prove that biology is destiny. The shortcomings of the scientific method as it is used in this set of studies are analysed in terms of Kagan's critique in Three Seductive Ideas (1998) and in light of recent poststructuralist research on gender.
"Ständigt var man i farten med att grunda och stifta." Om fält, offentligheter och nätverk vid sekelskiftet 1900
Authors: Broady Donald , Ullman Annika
Published: June 2022

At the turn of the century 1900 many women contributed to the creation of modern discourses and institutions. They reshaped the conceptions of education, culture, philanthropy, medical care, women's rights. Their endeavours anticipated what was to become welfare state politics. Which strategies did they develop? How did they manage to gain access to the public sphere? How did they profit from their resources such as inherited cultural and economic capital, education, networks of social relations? To answer such questions Pierre Bourdieu's methods and concepts are helpful. However, additional research tools are needed. These women undertook their interventions in many spheres at one and the same time, and their personal relations and networks operated in a logic rather different from the logic of social fields in Bourdieu's sense. Thus the common course of research of social fields within the Bourdieu tradition is not fully applicable. A complementary notion that has proved useful is the concept of shadow field. A shadow field is a domain which is dependent of and symbiotically related to the established field, though the polarities and value hierarchies might be reversed. For example the private girls' schools and mixed schools might be analysed as a "shadow field" in relation to the secondary state grammar schools for boys.
Lapplisan som ikon - om sambandet mellan narrativ och offentlighet
Authors: Lundberg Anna
Published: June 2022

The female traffic warden is a phenomenon frequently debated and discussed in various contexts. In narratives articulated in advertising brochures, on the radio and television, on the Internet and in populär culture, the female traffic warden is sometimes described in rather offensive and misogynist terms. In this artide I try to examine the ways in which the female traffic warden is described, and how one might be able to explain the strong negative feelings that sometimes appears when this group of working women is discussed. The article is focusing the negative narratives and images produced around the topic, but I would like to stress that these stories only describes one of several ways in which the female traffic warden is regarded. My main conclusion is that the female traffic warden is working in a field still dominated by and connected to men and masculinity. When practicing the right to limit and direct the movements of the driver and the vehicle, the traffic warden is transgressing an hierarchic order where the man, the driver of a car, the highly educated and the high income-earner is superior to the woman, the low-paid and the uneducated. This is taking place in the public sphere, since long regulated and shaped by men and male activities. This transgression that the female traffic warden is staging, appears as a threat since it questions laws and boundaries in general, makes them visible. Perceived as a threat, she is treated with hostility in the narratives. She is in various ways defined as low-Other. In the narratives, the female traffic warden becomes an icon with negative connotations. Her role in the cultural imaginaries is influenced by these narratives, and I believe they also have a concrete effect on the order of the traffic related public sphere.
Feministiska ekonomer och feministisk ekonomi - exemplet nationalekonomi
Authors: Nyberg Anita
Published: June 2022

Economics is one of the most women and gender resistant disciplines of all. Some Economists who are critical of mainstream economic theory and method have, however, started to apply a gender perspective to economic models. One important feminist critique of macroeconomic theory and policy has been that they do not take into consideration unpaid care work (including domestic work) and paid work in the informal sector. Feminist economists have therefore started to present an alternative view of economic reality that includes work of this kind. Making unpaid care work and paid informal work visible offers a more comprehensive picture of the economy and women's place in it. It also makes it possible to analyse different sectors of the economy and the connections between them. When consideration is given only to the monetary economy, men are seen as more economically active than women, while resources are redistributed from men to women through social security systems and women are subsidised more than men by public services such as childcare and care for the elderly. If however unpaid care work is also included in the analysis, women appear to be as economically active as men, and since they have as long or longer working days, resources might rather be seen as being redistributed from women to men and women's unpaid care work as subsidising men's paid work. Economic theories and models, which integrate paid and unpaid work, are needed especially since the time available for care work, paid and unpaid now seems to be decreasing as a consequence of women's increasing participation on labour märket, savings in the public sector as well as of the fact that services are continuously becoming more expensive in relation to goods since these cannot be replaced by technological advances. At the same time the demand for care work expands because the proportion of elderly is increasing and because children seem to need an ever increasing investment of human and social capital to be able to cope on the labour märket.
Postmodernism och feministisk nationalekonomi
Authors: Rossetti Jane
Published: June 2022

The increasing presence of women in academic economics in the past several decades has had a clear impact on the practice of economics. There are similarities between postmodernism and feminist economics. Both question the categories and hierarchies on which theory and analysis is based, the universality and objectivity implicitly claimed by economic theory, and standards and values, and policy implications. They call for a re-contextualisation of theory, to show that far from discussing universal experiences, the non-feminist models present particular gendered experiences, raising up the male side of science, rationality and the märket. Adding gender as a category complicates the analysis, but enriches it, by asking new and interesting questions. In these ways, postmodernism in general is an ally of feminist economics, by providing a theory of knowledge and language to support the feminist criticisms of other extant economics.