bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary capacity and muscle strength in transgender women on long-term gender-affirming hormone therapy: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Alvares Leonardo Azevedo Mobilia , Santos Marcelo Rodrigues , Souza Francis Ribeiro , Santos Lívia Marcela , Mendonça Berenice Bilharinho de , Costa Elaine Maria Frade , Alves Maria Janieire Nazaré Nunes , Domenice Sorahia
Published: October 2022

Objective

For transgender women (TW) on oestrogen therapy, the effects of prior exposure to testosterone during puberty on their performance, mainly cardiopulmonary capacity (CPC), while exerting physical effort are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate CPC and muscle strength in TW undergoing long-term gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out with 15 non-athlete TW (34.2±5.2 years old), 14 cisgender men (CM) and 13 cisgender women (CW). The TW received hormone therapy for 14.4±3.5 years. Bioimpedance, the hand grip test and cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill with an incremental effort were performed.

Results

The mean VO2peak (ml/min) was 2606±416.9 in TW, 2167±408.8 in CW and 3358±436.3 in CM (TW vs CW, p<0.05; TW vs CM, p<0.0001; CW vs CM, p<0.0001). The VO2peak/fat-free mass (ml/kg/min) was 47.3±5.1 in TW, 53.3±8.3 in CW, and 52.4±5.8 in CM (TW vs CW p>0.05; TW vs CM p>0.05; CW vs CM p>0.05). The O2 pulse in TW was between that in CW and CM (TW vs CW, p<0.05, TW vs CM, p<0.0001). There was a high correlation between VO2peak and fat-free mass/height2among TW (r=0.7388; p<0.01), which was not observed in the other groups. The mean strength (kg) was 35.3±5.4 in TW, 29.7±3.6 in CW and 48.4±6.7 in CM (TW vs CW, p<0.05; TW vs CM, p<0.0001); however, adjusted for fat-free mass there was no difference between TW (0.6±0.1) and CW (0.7±0.9; p<0.05).

Conclusion

Absolute CPC in non-athlete TW showed an intermediate pattern between that in CW and CM; however, relative CPC adjusted for fat-free mass showed no difference between TW and CW or CM. Similarly, the mean strength in non-athlete TW was higher than those in non-athlete CW but not when adjusted for fat-free mass.
Patterns of multimorbidity in community health centres in Shanghai, China: a retrospective, cross-sectional study based on outpatient data from 2014 to 2018
Authors: Jin Hua , Wang Zhaoxin , Guo Aizhen , Zhang Hanzhi , Liu Wei , Zhu Yuqin , Hua Ming , Shi Jianjun , Shi Jianwei , Yu Dehua
Published: October 2022

Objective

Caring for patients with multimorbidity is an important part of primary care. It has become increasingly relevant that understanding the spectrum of multimorbidity will help general practitioners (GPs) acquire working knowledge and improve management skills. However, there was little research on characteristics of multimorbidity in primary care in China. This study aimed to identify the spectrum of frequency, proportion and ranking of multimorbidity patterns in adult patients seen at community health centres (CHCs) in Shanghai, China.

Design and setting

This was an observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study analysis of outpatient data of 244 CHCs in Shanghai, China.

Participants

Adult patients with chronic disease who visited Shanghai CHCs during 2014–2018 were selected from Shanghai CHC electronic medical records database using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes matched to the Second Version of International Classification of Primary Care codes.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

A number of adult patients with chronic disease were counted. Then frequency, proportion and rank of disease patterns of multimorbidity were analysed.

Results

Analysis of 301 651 158 electronic health records of 5 909 280 adult patients (54.2% females) found the multimorbidity proportion to be 81.2%. The prevalence of multimorbidity increased with age, which climbed from 43.7% among those aged 19–34 to 94.9% among those more than 80 years of age. The proportion of multimorbidity was higher in females (83.2%) than males (79.7%). Vascular and metabolic diseases were the most frequent diseases for patients over 45 years old.

Conclusions

Multimorbidity has brought huge challenges to primary care practice in Shanghai. The Shanghai government should strengthen its support for the multitargeted prevention of chronic diseases and the improvement of GPs’ management capabilities.
Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among Venezuelan refugees and migrants in Colombia using respondent-driven sampling (RDS)
Authors: Pham Phuong N , Keegan Katrina , Johnston Lisa Grazina , Rodas Jose , Restrepo Maria Alejandra , Wei Carol , Vinck Patrick
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To determine factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 mitigation measures, related symptoms and testing, as well as pandemic-related income loss among Venezuelan refugee and migrant adults in urban and border areas of Colombia.

Design

Phone-based respondent-driven sampling

Setting

Bogotá and Norte de Santander, Colombia.

Participants

605 adult Venezuelan refugees and migrants residing in Bogotá (n=305) and Norte de Santander (n=300), who arrived in Colombia after 2014 and completed the survey in August and September 2020.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Full COVID-19 compliance (vs incomplete or no compliance), any COVID-19-related symptoms (vs none) and income loss due to isolation measures in Colombia (vs no income change or increase in income).

Results

Older age was associated with lower odds of compliance with physical distancing measures (0.94, 0.90–0.99; p=0.01) for those in Bogotá. Nearly 15% of refugees and migrants in both locations (81 of 605) experienced at least one symptom consistent with COVID-19. Having a health condition was associated with higher odds of experiencing COVID-19-related symptoms in Bogotá (4.00, 1.22–13.06; p=0.02) and Norte de Santander (6.99, 1.95–24.99; p=0.003). Around 8% in both locations (48 of 605) were tested for COVID-19. Around 90% in both locations (537 of 605) had trouble earning an income after the introduction of isolation measures, and the median reported monthly income decreased by half in Bogotá and by 30% in Norte de Santander. A higher level of education (3.46, 1.02–11.75; p=0.05) was associated with higher odds of income loss among participants in Norte de Santander.

Conclusions

Results indicate high compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures, low testing rates and high pandemic-related income loss among Venezuelan refugees and migrants in Colombia. This study provides insights into a hard-to-reach refugee and migrant population in Colombia; additional study on the effects of the pandemic on hidden populations is warranted.
The Copenhagen Actinic Keratosis Study (COAKS). A decentralised clinical trial to evaluate tolerability, safety and efficacy of daily field-directed topical treatment with cytosolic phospholipase A2inhibitor, AVX001, in participants with actinic keratosis: protocol for a randomised controlled phase I/IIa trial
Authors: Ortner Vinzent Kevin , Johansen Berit , Kilov Kim , Castillo Mondragón Alejandro , Duvold Tore , Kihl Jesper , Ashcroft Felicity J , Feuerherm Astrid J , Pind Laugesen Charlotte , Marcker Espersen Maiken Lise , Manole Ionela , Isberg Ari Pall , Andersen Anders Daniel , Rakvaag Elin , Zibert John R , Haedersdal Merete
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Actinic keratosis (AK) is the most common precancerous skin condition caused by long-term UV exposure. Given the high recurrence rate of 15%–53%, identifying safe and effective treatment options is warranted. AVX001, a cytosolic phospholipase A2α (cPLA2α) enzyme inhibitor, is a novel anti-inflammatory drug for field-directed, self-administered, topical therapy of AK.

Methods and analysis

This study is a single-centre, randomised, vehicle-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group hybrid clinical trial in adults with multiple AK lesions Olsen grade 1 or 2. The hybrid design combines decentralised participant tasks and assessments with conventional in-clinic visits. Recruitment using targeted advertising on social media and eligibility prescreening are conducted via the Studies&Me online recruitment platform. Participants (n=60) are randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment arms: AVX001 gel 1%, AVX001 gel 3% or vehicle gel. The trial consists of a 4-week treatment period with daily field-directed topical application of the gel and an 8-week follow-up period. Participants attend in-clinic visits at baseline, week 4 and week 12. The remote participant trial tasks include questionnaires and upload of smartphone-obtained photos of the treated skin area using a study-specific web-based app. Both remote and in-clinic assessments of safety and efficacy will be performed. The primary objective is to evaluate the local tolerability of daily application of AVX001 gel (1% or 3%) compared with vehicle gel. Secondary objectives include safety, efficacy, dose–response efficacy relationship, treatment satisfaction and cosmetic outcome. Exploratory objectives include evaluations of tolerability and efficacy assessed by dermatologists using smartphone photos uploaded by participants, comparisons of in-clinic and remote assessments and assessment of AK-related skin changes by non-invasive optical imaging.

Ethics and dissemination

Approved by the Ethics Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (H-21018064) and the Danish Medicines Agency (2021032485). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Trial registration numbers

2021-000934-32;NCT05164393.
Unravelling the reservoirs for colonisation of infants with Campylobacter spp. in rural Ethiopia: protocol for a longitudinal study during a global pandemic and political tensions
Authors: Havelaar Arie H , Brhane Mussie , Ahmed Ibsa Abdusemed , Kedir Jafer , Chen Dehao , Deblais Loic , French Nigel , Gebreyes Wondwossen A , Hassen Jemal Yousuf , Li Xiaolong , Manary Mark J , Mekuria Zelealem , Ibrahim Abdulmuen Mohammed , Mummed Bahar , Ojeda Amanda , Rajashekara Gireesh , Roba Kedir Teji , Saleem Cyrus , Singh Nitya , Usmane Ibsa Aliyi , Yang Yang , Yimer Getnet , McKune Sarah
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Undernutrition is an underlying cause of mortality in children under five (CU5) years of age. Animal-source foods have been shown to decrease malnutrition in CU5. Livestock are important reservoirs for Campylobacter bacteria, which are recognised as risk factors for child malnutrition. Increasing livestock production may be beneficial for improving nutrition of children but these benefits may be negated by increased exposure to Campylobacter and research is needed to evaluate the complex pathways of Campylobacter exposure and infection applicable to low-income and middle-income countries. We aim to identify reservoirs of infection with Campylobacter spp. of infants in rural Eastern Ethiopia and evaluate interactions with child health (environmental enteric dysfunction and stunting) in the context of their sociodemographic environment.

Methods and analysis

This longitudinal study involves 115 infants who are followed from birth to 12 months of age and are selected randomly from 10 kebeles of Haramaya woreda, East Hararghe zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Questionnaire-based information is obtained on demographics, livelihoods, wealth, health, nutrition and women empowerment; animal ownership/management and diseases; and water, sanitation and hygiene. Faecal samples are collected from infants, mothers, siblings and livestock, drinking water and soil. These samples are analysed by a range of phenotypic and genotypic microbiological methods to characterise the genetic structure of the Campylobacter population in each of these reservoirs, which will support inference about the main sources of exposure for infants.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Florida Internal Review Board (IRB201903141), the Haramaya University Institutional Health Research Ethics Committee (COHMS/1010/3796/20) and the Ethiopia National Research Ethics Review Committee (SM/14.1/1059/20). Written informed consent is obtained from all participating households. Research findings will be disseminated to stakeholders through conferences and peer-reviewed journals and through the Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Livestock Systems.
Impact and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination in Niger: a modelling study evaluating alternative rotavirus vaccines
Authors: Debellut Frédéric , Tang Kevin , Clark Andrew , Pecenka Clint , Assao Bachir , Guindo Ousmane , Grais Rebecca F , Isanaka Sheila
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative rotavirus vaccines in Niger, using UNIVAC, a proportionate outcomes model.

Setting

The study leverages global, regional and local data to inform cost-effectiveness modelling. Local data were collected as part of a clinical trial taking place in the Madarounfa district, Maradi region, Niger.

Participants

The study models impact of infants vaccination on rotavirus gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age.

Interventions

We compared the use of ROTARIX (GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium), ROTAVAC (Bharat Biotech, India) and ROTASIIL (Serum Institute, India) to no vaccination and to each other over a 10-year period starting in 2021.

Results

We estimated that ROTARIX, ROTAVAC and ROTASIIL would each prevent 13 million cases and 20 000 deaths of children under 5 years over a 10-year period in Niger. Compared with no vaccination, the cost to avert a disability-adjusted life-year was US$146 with ROTARIX, US$107 with ROTASIIL and US$76 with ROTAVAC from the government perspective. ROTAVAC dominated ROTARIX and ROTASIIL (eg, provided similar or higher benefits at a lower cost) and had 90% chance to be cost-effective at a US$100 willingness-to-pay threshold.

Conclusions

This study can inform decision-making around rotavirus vaccination policy in Niger, demonstrating that ROTAVAC is likely the most cost-effective option. Alternative products (ROTASIIL and ROTARIX) may also be considered by decision-makers if they are priced more competitively, or if their cold chain requirements could bring additional economic benefits.
Effects of resistance training combined with balance training on physical function among older adults: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Guiping , Wu Xueping
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The world’s population is ageing. Age-related declines in physical function negatively affect the quality of life but may be ameliorated by certain types of exercise. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of combining resistance training (RT) with balance training on physical function in older community-dwelling adults to provide a reference for this type of exercise compared with other exercises and to provide a theoretical basis for optimising exercise plans to improve physical function among older adults.

Methods

This single-blind randomised controlled trial will recruit 66 community dwelling adults 60–89 years of age with normal cognition. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: RT, RT combined with balance training or a control group with usual daily activities. Exercise interventions will be conducted in three 45 min sessions per week for 24 weeks. Primary physical function outcomes will be assessed using the timed up and go test, usual walking speed, maximal walking speed, 30 s chair stand and 30 s arm curl. Secondary assessments will be conducted using the 2 min step test, back scratch test and chair sit-and-reach test. All physical function assessments will be performed at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks of exercise interventions. Exercise intensity will be monitored to maintain moderate intensity by heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion and OMNI-Resistance Exercise Scale. Data that conform to a normal distribution will be expressed as means±SD, otherwise as medians and interquartile intervals. Pretest, mid-test and post-test outcomes will be analysed for within-group and between-group comparisons using two-way repeated measures analyses of variance.

Ethics and dissemination

This proposal was reviewed and approved by the Shanghai University of Sport Research Ethics Committee (102772021RT067). The results will be disseminated to the trial participants and as a peer-reviewed publication.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2200056090.
Temperature synchronisation of circadian rhythms in primary human airway epithelial cells from children
Authors: Powell Weston T , Rich Lucille M , Vanderwall Elizabeth R , White Maria P , Debley Jason S
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Cellular circadian rhythms regulate immune pathways and inflammatory responses that mediate human disease such as asthma. Circadian rhythms in the lung may also contribute to exacerbations of chronic diseases such as asthma by regulating observed rhythms in mucus production, bronchial reactivity, airway inflammation and airway resistance. Primary human airway epithelial cells (AECs) are commonly used to model human lung diseases, such as asthma, with circadian symptoms, but a method for synchronising circadian rhythms in AECs has not been developed, and the presence of circadian rhythms in human AECs remains uninvestigated.

Methods

We used temperature cycling to synchronise circadian rhythms in undifferentiated and differentiated primary human AECs. Reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR was used to measure expression of the core circadian clock genesARNTL, CLOCK, CRY1, CRY2, NR1D1, NR1D2, PER1andPER2.

Results

Following temperature synchronisation, the core circadian genesARNTL, CRY1, CRY2, NR1D1, NR1D2, PER1andPER2maintained endogenous 24-hour rhythms under constant conditions. Following serum shock, the core circadian genesARNTL, NR1D1andNR1D2demonstrated rhythmic expression. Following temperature synchronisation,CXCL8demonstrated rhythmic circadian expression.

Conclusions

Temperature synchronised circadian rhythms in AECs differentiated at an air–liquid interface can serve as a model to investigate circadian rhythms in pulmonary diseases.
Neurodegenerative disease risk among former international rugby union players
Authors: Russell Emma R , Mackay Daniel F , Lyall Donald , Stewart Katy , MacLean John A , Robson James , Pell Jill P , Stewart William
Published: October 2022

Background

Autopsy studies of former contact sports athletes, including soccer and rugby players, frequently report chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a neurodegenerative pathology associated with traumatic brain injury. Nevertheless, little is known about the risk of neurodegenerative disease in these populations. We hypothesised that neurodegenerative disease risk would be higher among former elite rugby union players than the general population.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study accessing national electronic records on death certification, hospital admissions and dispensed prescriptions for a cohort of 412 male Scottish former international rugby union players and 1236 members of the general population, matched to former players by age, sex and area socioeconomic status. Mortality and incident neurodegenerative disease diagnoses among former rugby players were then compared with the matched comparison group.

Results

Over a median 32 years follow-up from study entry at age 30 years, 121 (29.4%) former rugby players and 381 (30.8%) of the matched comparison group died. All-cause mortality was lower among former rugby players until 70 years of age with no difference thereafter. During follow-up, 47 (11.4%) former rugby players and 67 (5.4%) of the comparison group were diagnosed with incident neurodegenerative disease (HR 2.67, 95% CI 1.67 to 4.27, p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study adds to our understanding of the association between contact sports participation and the risk of neurodegenerative disease. While further research exploring this interaction is required, in the meantime strategies to reduce exposure to head impacts and head injuries in sport should be promoted.
Tapia’s syndrome in a patient with COVID-19
Authors: Herath Tharuka , Lutchman Nadiene , Naidu Leena , Wimalaratna Sunil
Published: October 2022

A 42-year-old man developed bilateral Tapia’s syndrome (recurrent laryngeal and hypoglossal nerves paralysis) following prolonged ventilation for COVID-19 pneumonia. Examination showed global tongue atrophy and bilateral asymmetric vocal cord palsy. He improved rapidly without specific treatment, suggesting that neuropraxia was the likely mechanism of injury. Tapia’s syndrome has been reported disproportionately more often in association with COVID-19, possibly from injury to hypoglossal and vagal nerves during ventilation in the prone position.
Acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure after treatment with lower tidal volume ventilation facilitated by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal: long-term outcomes from the REST randomised trial
Authors: Boyle Andrew J , McDowell Clíona , Agus Ashley , Logan Danielle , Stewart Jonathan D , Jackson Colette , Mills Jeanette , McNamee James J , McAuley Daniel F
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Lower tidal volume ventilation, facilitated by veno-venous extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (vv-ECCO2R), does not improve 90-day mortality in patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF). The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the effect of this therapeutic strategy on long-term outcomes.

Methods

This was a prespecified analysis of the REST trial, a UK-wide multicentre randomised clinical trial that compared lower tidal volume ventilation, facilitated by vv-ECCO2R (intervention), with standard care in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe AHRF. Mortality to 2 years was assessed, while respiratory function, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive function and health-related quality of life were evaluated in survivors at 1 year using standardised questionnaires.

Results

Of 412 patients enrolled into the REST trial, 391 (95%) had 2-year mortality outcome data available. There was no difference in the time to death between intervention and standard care (HR 1.08 (0.81, 1.44); log-rank test p=0.61). 161 patients alive at 1 year provided at least one questionnaire response. There was no difference in respiratory function, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive dysfunction or health-related quality of life between patients allocated to intervention or standard care.

Conclusion

Lower-tidal volume ventilation facilitated by vv-ECCO2R does not affect 1-year mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe AHRF. Of the patients who provided questionnaire responses, there was no treatment effect on long-term respiratory function, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive dysfunction or health-related quality of life.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT02654327.
A comprehensive study of the inclusive production of negative pions in p+p collisions for interaction energies from 3 GeV to 13 TeV covering the non-perturbative sector of the strong interaction
Authors: Fischer H. G. , Makariev M. , Varga D. , Wenig S.
Published: October 2022

Over the past 60 years a rich sample of experimental results concerning the inclusive production of $$\pi ^-$$

π
-

mesons has been obtained spanning a range from about 3 GeV to 13 TeV in interaction energy. This paper attempts a model-independent overview of these results with the aim at obtaining an internally consistent data description on a dense grid over the three inclusive variables transverse momentum, rapidity or Feynman $$x_F$$

x
F

and interaction energy. The study concentrates on the non-perturbative sector of the strong interaction by limiting the transverse momenta to $$p_T<$$

p
T

<

 1.3 GeV/c. The three-dimensional interpolation which is mandatory and necessary for this aim is shown to provide a controlled systematic precision of better than 5%. This accuracy allows for a critical inspection of each of the 40 experiments concerned in turn. It also allows precision tests of some of the physics concepts developed around inclusive processes like energy scaling, “thermal” production and the evolution of transverse momenta.
Confronting dark fermion with a doubly charged Higgs in the left–right symmetric model
Authors: Dey Shyamashish , Ghosh Purusottam , Rai Santosh Kumar
Published: October 2022

We consider a fermionic dark matter (DM) in the left–right symmetric framework by introducing a pair of vector-like (VL) doublets in the particle spectrum. The stability of the DM is ensured through an unbroken $$\mathcal {Z}_2$$

Z
2

symmetry. We explore the parameter space of the model compatible with the observed relic density and direct and indirect detection cross sections. The presence of charged dark fermions opens up an interesting possibility for the doubly charged Higgs signal at LHC and ILC. The signal for the doubly charged scalar decaying into the dark sector is analyzed in multilepton final states for a few representative parameter choices consistent with DM observations.
Studies on the $$H\rightarrow bb$$ cross section measurement at the LHeC with a full detector simulation
Authors: Behera Subhasish , Brickwedde Bernard , Schott Matthias
Published: October 2022

The future Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) would allow collisions of an intense electron beam with protons or heavy ions at the High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Owing to a center of mass energy greater than a TeV and very high luminosity ($$\sim $$
∼
1 $$ab^{-1}$$

a

b

-
1

), the LHeC would not only be a new generation collider for deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) but also an important facility for precision Higgs physics, complementary to pp and $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

colliders. Previously, it has been found that uncertainties of $$0.8\%$$

0.8
%

and $$7.4\%$$

7.4
%

can be achieved on the Higgs boson coupling strength to b- and c-quarks respectively. These results were obtained in the fast simulation frameworks for the LHeC detector. Focusing on the dominant Higgs boson decay channel, $$H\rightarrow bb$$

H
→
b
b

, the present work aims to give a comparison of these results with a fully simulated detector. We present our results in this study using the publicly available ATLAS software infrastructure. Based on state-of-the art reconstruction algorithms, a novel analysis of the bb decay could be performed leading to an independent verification of the existing results to an exceptionally high precision.
Learning new physics efficiently with nonparametric methods
Authors: Letizia Marco , Losapio Gianvito , Rando Marco , Grosso Gaia , Wulzer Andrea , Pierini Maurizio , Zanetti Marco , Rosasco Lorenzo
Published: October 2022

We present a machine learning approach for model-independent new physics searches. The corresponding algorithm is powered by recent large-scale implementations of kernel methods, nonparametric learning algorithms that can approximate any continuous function given enough data. Based on the original proposal by D’Agnolo and Wulzer (Phys Rev D 99(1):015014, 2019, arXiv:1806.02350 [hep-ph]), the model evaluates the compatibility between experimental data and a reference model, by implementing a hypothesis testing procedure based on the likelihood ratio. Model-independence is enforced by avoiding any prior assumption about the presence or shape of new physics components in the measurements. We show that our approach has dramatic advantages compared to neural network implementations in terms of training times and computational resources, while maintaining comparable performances. In particular, we conduct our tests on higher dimensional datasets, a step forward with respect to previous studies.
Schwinger effect and a uniformly accelerated observer
Authors: Kaushal Shagun
Published: October 2022

This article investigates the Schwinger effect for fermions with background electric and magnetic fields of constant strengths from the point of view of a uniformly accelerated or the Rindler observer. The Dirac equation is solved in a closed form, and the field quantisation in the $$(3+1)$$

(
3
+
1
)

-dimensional Rindler spacetime is performed. The orthonormal local in and out modes for the causally disconnected right and left wedges and the Bogoliubov relations between them are obtained. Next, the global modes are constructed to cover the whole spacetime, and the Bogoliubov relationship between the local and global operators is found. Using them the squeezed state expansion of the global vacuum in terms of local states is acquired and accordingly, the spectra of created particles is found. Clearly, there are two sources of particle creation in this scenario – the Schwinger as well as the Unruh effects. Our chief aim is to investigate the role of the strength of the background electromagnetic fields on the spectra of created particles. We also discuss very briefly some possible implication of this result in the context of quantum entanglement.
Editorial: New frontiers in holographic duality
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Ayan
Published: October 2022

Over the last 25 years, holographic duality has revolutionised our understanding of gauge theories, quantum many-body systems and also quantum black holes. This topical issue is a collection of review articles on recent advances in fundamentals of holographic duality and its applications with special focus on a few areas where it is inter-disciplinary to a large measure. The aim is to provide a sufficient background on relevant phenomenology and other theoretical areas such as quantum information theory to researchers whose primary expertise is in quantum fields, strings and gravity, and also the necessary concepts and methods of holography to researchers in other fields, so that these recent developments could be grasped and hopefully further developed by a wider community. The topics relating to fundamental aspects include understanding of bulk spacetime reconstruction in holography in the framework of quantum error correction along with the spectacular advances in resolution of the information paradoxes of quantum black holes; quantum complexity and its fundamental role in connecting holography with quantum information theory; theoretical and experimental advances in quantum simulators for information mirroring and scrambling in quantum black holes, and teleportation via wormholes; and a pedagogical review on wormholes also. The topics related to applied holography include applications to hydrodynamic attractor and its phenomenological implications, modelling of equation of state of QCD matter in neutron stars, and finally estimating hadronic contribution to light-by-light scattering for theoretical computation of the muon’s $$g-2$$

g
-
2

.
Plasma model and Drude model permittivities in Lifshitz formula
Authors: Nesterenko V. V.
Published: October 2022

At the physical level of rigour it is shown that there are no substantial theoretical arguments in favour of using either plasma mode permittivity or Drude model permittivity in the Lifshitz formula. The decision in this question rests with the comparison of theoretical calculations with the experiment. In the course of the study the derivation of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem is proposed where it is displayed clear at which reasoning stage and in what way the dissipation is taken into account. In particular it is shown how this theorem works in the case of the system with reversible dynamics, that is when dissipation is absent. Thereby it is proved that explicit assertion according to which this theorem is inapplicable to systems without dissipation is erroneous. The research is based on making use of the rigorous formalism of equilibrium two-time Green functions in statistical physics at finite temperature.
Entropy optimized Darcy–Forchheimer nanomaterial flow subject to cubic autocatalysis chemical reactions
Authors: Hayat T. , Iqbal Iqra , Khan Sohail A. , Alsaedi A.
Published: October 2022

The objective of this paper is to discuss the entropy generation in electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) Darcy–Forchheimer nanomaterial flow. Porous space by Darcy–Forchheimer relation is characterized. Thermal expression comprises of radiation, heat generation, electric and magnetic fields and dissipation. Buongiorno model (thermophoresis and random motions) for nanomaterial is taken. Features of entropy generation are addressed. Furthermore, cubic autocatalysis isothermal chemical reactions are studied. Newton built in-shooting technique is implemented for the solution of nonlinear differential system invoking appropriate transformation. Influence for emerging parameters on velocity, concentration, entropy rate and thermal field is graphically addressed. Velocity has similar behaviors for magnetic and electric field variables. Larger approximation of Eckert number boosts up temperatures while reverse trend holds for Prandtl number. Concentration has reverse impact for random and thermophoresis parameters. Entropy generation follows a similar pattern for Brinkman number and porosity parameter.
Impact of velocity slip and radiative magnetized Casson nanofluid with chemical reaction towards a nonlinear stretching sheet: Three-stage Lobatto collocation scheme
Authors: Majeed Aaqib , Rifaqat Samia , Zeeshan Ahmad , Alhodaly Mohammed Sh. , Majeed Noori F.
Published: October 2022

This paper examines the influence of magnetized Casson nanofluid flow and heat transport phenomena towards a boundary layer flow over a nonlinear stretchable surface. The characteristics of the nanofluid are illustrated by considering Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects due to which the fluid is electrically conducting. The nonlinear Casson model is very useful to describe the fluid behavior and the flow curves of suspensions of pigments in lithographic varnishes intended for the preparation of printing inks. A uniform magnetic field, along with suction and chemical reaction are taken into account. Similarity transformations are employed to convert the PDEs into ODEs, and then solved numerically (Bvp4c) using MATLAB. This scheme consists of a finite difference scheme that implements three-stage Lobatto IIIa collocation formula which provides continuous solution upto fifth-order accuracy. Excellent correctness of the present results has been acquired which is compared with the previous one. The outcomes of various parameters on heat transfer rate, skin friction coefficient, nanoparticle concentration, Sherwood number, velocity and temperature profiles are demonstrated via tabular forms and pictorially. The most important fact is that an increase in the thermophoresis parameter, radiation and magnetic parameter boosts up the fluid temperature, resulting in an improvement in the thermal boundary layer.
Δ-tribrackets and link homotopy
Authors: Chavez Eric , Nelson Sam
Published: October 2022

We define a type of Niebrzydowski tribracket we call [Formula: see text]-tribrackets and show that their counting invariants are invariants of link-homotopy. We further identify several classes of tribrackets whose counting invariants for oriented classical knots and links are trivial, including vertical tribrackets satisfying the center-involutory condition and horizontal tribrackets satisfying the late-commutativity condition. We provide examples and end with questions for future research.
CORROSION PERFORMANCE OF PLASMA SPRAYED ALUMINA–40 wt.% TITANIA COATED HIGH-DENSITY GRAPHITE IN MOLTEN LiCl–KCl EUTECTIC SALT
Authors: SURE JAGADEESH , VISHNU D. SRI MAHA , KAMACHI MUDALI U.
Published: October 2022

The corrosion performance of plasma sprayed alumina–40[Formula: see text]wt.% titania (A40T) coated high-density graphite was investigated in molten LiCl–KCl eutectic salt at [Formula: see text]C for periods of 500, 1000, and 2000[Formula: see text]h under argon atmosphere. The microstructural and compositional investigations of corrosion-tested A40T coatings by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the samples exhibited better corrosion resistance up to 500[Formula: see text]h. The poor corrosion behavior and failure of A40T coating from graphite substrate in the long-term (1000 and 2000[Formula: see text]h) immersion was discussed in detail based on the microstructure and composition analysis. The phases existing in the as-sprayed coating ([Formula: see text]-Al2TiO5, [Formula: see text]-Al2O3, R-TiO2, and [Formula: see text]-Al2O3) remained in the detached coating after 1000[Formula: see text]h exposure to the molten salt. The reaction between molten salt and A40T coating was not evident from XRD analysis. A40T coatings with chromium carbide–nichrome (Cr3C2–NiCr) bond coat showed complete spallation of the top coating and oxidation of the bond coat as evident from the X-ray diffraction analysis. Detachment of the A40T coating occurred due to the penetration of the molten salt into the coating through the voids and pores present on the surface, which weakened the adhesion strength between the substrate and the A40T coating or top coat-bond coat interfaces.
Tetra vs. octa - How it affects the photophysical, photochemical, physicochemical and biological properties of mercaptophenol-substituted Zn phthalocyanines
Authors: Topkaya Derya , Aydın Derya , Aziza Haifa Ben , Şahin Zeynel , İşci Ümit , Durand Denis , Tazebay Uygar H. , Gary-Bobo Magali , Dumoulin Fabienne
Published: October 2022

Zn phthalocyanines tetra- and octa- substituted in peripheral positions by mercaptophenol moieties were prepared. Photophysical, photochemical, physicochemical and biological properties relevant from a photodynamic therapy point of view have been determined, showing that the tetra-substituted derivatives have better potential, confirmed by in vitro tests performed on MCF-7 cells that induced significant cell death without showing dark toxicity.
Maleimide-functionalized BODIPY dyes: Synthesis, structural determination and conjugation with carborane thiols
Authors: Zaitsev Andrei V. , Morozyuk Anna S. , Kononova Elena G. , Smol’yakov Alexander F. , Ol’shevskaya Valentina A.
Published: October 2022

A series of new BODIPY conjugates containing maleimide or carborane-succinimide-triazole functional groups were prepared from synthetically available azido-substituted BODIPYs. The structure of new synthesized compounds was characterized by UV-vis, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry. The crystal structures of BODIPY-maleimide conjugates were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The carborane-containing BODIPYs can be promising agents for photodynamic and boron neutron capture therapy.
Photophysical properties of novel tetra-3-substituted phthalocyanines of Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II)
Authors: Rahali Asma , de la Escosura Andres , Torres Tomás , Abderrahim Raoudha
Published: October 2022

Newly metallo-phthalocyanines substituted MPc1 of zinc, copper, and palladium, bearing 3-((2,6-di(pyridin-3-yl)-phenoxy) substituent at [Formula: see text]-position (non-peripheral) were synthesized and characterized by common spectroscopic methods such as 1H-NMR, IR-FTR, MS, UV-Visible and florescence emission. Flowing several synthetic routes, the yield was increased in the series of metals: from CuPc1, PdPc1, to ZnPc1 and from ZnPc1, to ZnPc2, to ZnPc3, compared with their analogies in the literature. Afterwards, the effect of changing metals and substituents’ positions increased the Q-band value and florescence emission from PdPc1 to CuPc1 to ZnPc1 and from ZnPc2 ([Formula: see text]-position) to ZnPc3 (octa-position), to ZnPc1([Formula: see text]-position) and from cationic phthalocyanines ZnPc 2Me to ZnPc 3Me to ZnPc 1Me. The study of aggregation tendance in DMSO was examined in different concentrations to confirm that there was no aggregation appearance.
Afghanistan's mineral fortune: prospects for fuelling a green transition?
Authors: Hale Thomas N. , Ali Saleem H.
Published: October 2022

Research conducted over the last four decades emphasizes the growing importance of Afghanistan's mineral resources as a potential driver for economic growth. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) estimates this fortune could be worth as much as $900 billion USD in key metals and materials essential for the energy transition. However, a protracted civil war, corruption, absent or deficient infrastructure and extreme water stress prevent the extractive sector from becoming a key pillar of the Afghan economy. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Afghanistan's mineral fortune and the prospects and obstacles of mining post-US withdrawal under Taliban rule. Five core components are provided in this analysis. First, a historical overview of Afghanistan's mineral resource development will be presented. Tapping into Afghanistan's mineral fortune requires a deep understanding of the Afghan people, and countries should not view investment through only a political risk lens, but rather take a holistic approach that incorporates environmental and social governance by giving a fair portion of the mineral wealth to the Afghan people. Second, a brief overview of the key mineral deposits and research conducted into Afghanistan's reserves will be provided. This paper builds on previous research identifying six specific provinces and deposits with the highest mineral production potential (MPP) from the original 24 areas of interest (AOIs) provided by USGS. Third, the authors emphasize the importance of water for the future of Afghanistan's mining sector and the nexus with water (in)security dynamics that will impact the stability of the country if overlooked. Overlaying various Geographic Information Systems (GIS) maps (watersheds, food insecurity, water stress, geohazards and water depletion) helps identifying which of the six provinces with highest mineral production potential has the highest risk of water (in)security threats from mining. Fourth, we provide a review of the current security and mining landscape under the Taliban regime, and the challenges and opportunities for investment in the country. China's growing interest in Afghanistan and warming relations with the Taliban beg the question what role Beijing will play, if any, as the next intervening power in Afghanistan's history. Finally, this chapter concludes with some general policy recommendations for moving forward in the context of a post-US withdrawal from Afghanistan. Investment in Afghan mining is an investment in the Afghan people.
Methodological Advances in Food Choice Experiments and Modeling: Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Research Directions
Authors: Caputo Vincenzina , Scarpa Riccardo
Published: October 2022

In recent decades, discrete choice experiment research applied to food choices has grown rapidly. Empirical applications include investigations of consumer preferences and demand for various food attributes, labeling programs, novel products and applications, and new food technologies. Methodological contributions include advances in the form of new theories, elicitation methods, and modeling. This study focuses on the latter and ( a) reviews recent methodological contributions in the food choice experiment literature, ( b) examines existing knowledge gaps, and ( c) discusses possible future research directions.
Embodied decisions during walking
Authors: Grießbach Eric , Raßbach Philipp , Herbort Oliver , Cañal-Bruland Rouwen
Published: October 2022

Motor processes of concurrent movements have been shown to influence embodied decision-making. It is hypothesized that this is driven by coincidental changes in motor costs. We tested this claim by systematically manipulating motor costs of choice options during walking. In three experiments we show how variations in motor cost (e.g., turning angle or stepping constraints) bias decision-making, thereby supporting the concept of “embodied decision-making.”
Functional specialization of parallel distributed networks revealed by analysis of trial-to-trial variation in processing demands
Authors: DiNicola Lauren M. , Ariyo Oluwatobi I. , Buckner Randy L.
Published: October 2022

Tasks shown to differentially recruit parallel association networks are multifaceted, leaving open questions about network processes. Here, examining trial-to-trial network response properties in relation to trial traits reveals new insights into network functions. In particular, processes linked to scene construction selectively recruit a distributed network with links to parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortices, including during trials designed not to rely on the personal past. Adjacent networks show distinct patterns, providing novel evidence of functional specialization.
Multiple intrinsic membrane properties are modulated in a switch from single- to dual-network activity
Authors: Snyder Ryan R. , Blitz Dawn M.
Published: October 2022

Neuropeptide-elicited intrinsic bursting was recently determined to switch a neuron from single- to dual-network participation. Here we identified multiple intrinsic properties modulated in the dual-network state and candidate ion channels underlying the intrinsic bursting. Bursting at the second network frequency was more sensitive to blocking currents in the dual-network state than when neurons were synaptically isolated from their home network. Thus, synaptic input can shape the contributions of modulated intrinsic properties underlying dual-network activity.
Development of Microbiology Plantation-Based Multimodal Segmentation for Smart Garden Using Machine Learning
Authors: Prasath S. , Govindaraj Ramkumar , Subbiah Ram , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Almoallim Hesham S. , Priya S. , Mulugeta Begna Dejene
Published: October 2022

Normally, gardens lower the ambient temperature, which would improve air quality, absorb pollutants, and produce oxygen. Trees reduce soil erosion, increase fertility, and help retain soil moisture. Decomposed leaves that fall in the garden become nutrients for tree growth and help microbes to thrive. When it comes to growing trees in a garden, one should try and choose native trees that are naturally found in a particular area. These trees are well adapted to the environment and require less maintenance. Many insects and birds rely on native trees for food and shelter. Therefore, they are best for the environment. However, not all native trees are evergreen trees. Many evergreen trees can be planted in a small garden. In this paper, a microplantation-based model was developed to enhance the biological impacts for a smart garden. Based on the garden requirements, the smart system was constructed. On this basis, the seeds are planted in the soil.
Single-Phase Grounding Fault Identification Based on Transition Conductance Tracking Method
Authors: Wu Zhuochao , Fang Mingyu , Cai Jiexuan , Qian Weixing , Ji Zhenya
Published: October 2022

The instability of single-phase grounding faults makes it difficult to track the fault development process accurately. In this paper, a transition conductance tracking method for single-phase grounding fault identification is established to perceive the health state of the distribution network. To solve the situation that the insulation parameters of the neutral ungrounded system are difficult to obtain, a phase-shift method is proposed to measure the insulation parameters accurately. Based on the measurement results of insulation parameters, a transition conductance tracking model is constructed to monitor the changes of transition conductance in real time. Since the transition conductance varies steadily, it can be used as an important parameter to evaluate the development of a single-phase grounding fault. The innovative tracking method is verified by the simulation model, and the error analysis shows that the tracking error of transition conductance is less than 9%. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can track the development of grounding faults effectively and give a quick warning to the operator. The fault identification theory adopted in this paper is not limited by the neutral grounding mode and especially can be applied to situations where the neutral point parameters are not adjusted.