bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Sistem Keamanan Parkir Berbasis Random Password dan Image Processing Menggunakan Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
Authors: Dwima Fajar , Rahmawati Diana , Wibisono Kunto Aji
Published: May 2019

Sistem pengelolaan tempat parkir pada saat ini masih kurang maksimal dalam pemanfaatan lahan parkir, keamanan dan efisiensi waktu. Pada penelitian ini, akan dirancang sistem parkir berbasis image processing, dan menggunakan dua parameter masukan yaitu menggunakan kamera untuk mendeteksi plat nomor kendaraan yang diubah dalam bentuk teks dan sandi (Enkripsi dalam bentuk barcode) yang didapat secara acak. Dua parameter yang di masukan ke dalam basis data mysq oleh sistem di pintu masuk, yaitu plat nomor dan sandi, inputan ini digunakan untuk kendaraan yang akan keluar, sistem mencocokan antara plat nomor kendaraan dan sandi, jika plat nomor dan sandi sesuai dengan basis data maka memenuhi kondisi dan pintu keluar (Motor Servo) terbuka. Sistem ini juga dilengkapi dengan tampilan secara visual pada monitor menggunakan aplikasi visual basic yang dihubungkan dengan arduino secara serial, sehingga bagi pengguna yang menempati tempat parkir dapat mengetahui tempat parkir yang harus dituju. Tampilan pada monitor menyesuaikan dengan sensor fotodiode yang dipasang pada setiap tempat parkir, Selain itu sistem ini juga akan dirancang agar waktu pencarian lahan parkir oleh pengguna parkir tidak membutuhkan waktu lama. sehingga didapatkan sistem parkir yang aman dan mudah di operasikan.

Kata Kunci— Parkir, Mikrokontroler, Database, Image Processing.
Neural differentiation dynamics controlled by multiple feedback loop motifs in a comprehensive molecular interaction network
Authors: Iwasaki Tsuyoshi , Takiguchi Ryo , Hiraiwa Takumi , Yamada Takahiro G , Yamazaki Kazuto , Hiroi Noriko F. , Funahashi Akira
Published: May 2019

Background: Computational simulation using mathematical models is a useful method for understanding the complex behavior of a living system. The majority of studies using mathematical models to reveal biological mechanisms use one of the two main approaches: the bottom-up or the top-down approach. When we aim to analyze a large-scale network, such as a comprehensive knowledge-integrated model of a target phenomenon, for example a whole-cell model, the variation of analyses is limited to particular kind of analysis because of the size and complexity of the model.
Results: To analyze a large-scale network of neural differentiation, we developed a hybrid method that combines both approaches. To construct a mathematical model, we extracted network motifs, subgraph structures that recur more often in a metabolic network or gene regulatory network than in a random network, from a large-scale network, detected regulatory motifs among them, and combined these motifs. We confirmed that the model reproduced the known dynamics of HES1 and ASCL1 before and after differentiation, including oscillation and equilibrium of their concentrations. The model also reproduced the effects of overexpression and knockdown of the Id2 gene. Our model suggests that the characteristic change in HES1 and ASCL1 expression in the large-scale network is controlled by a combination of four feedback loops, including a novel large loop discovered in this study.
Conclusion: The model extracted by our hybrid method has the potential to reveal the critical mechanisms of neural differentiation. The hybrid method is applicable to other biological events.
A influência do complexo industrial-militar na Política Externa dos Estados Unidos da América após os atentados do 11 de Setembro
Authors: Morales Martinez Elias David , Servidoni Thaís Regina
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo analisa as influências do complexo industrial-militar (CIM) na tomadade decisões dos policymakers estadunidenses e o posterior aumento do orçamento militarno início do século XXI, a partir dos atentados terroristas de 11 de Setembro de 2001. Alémdisso, pretende-se discorrer sobre a legitimação da securitização da defesa e da consequenteadoção de uma política externa constantemente militarizada, justificada pela Guerra GlobalContra o Terror, a qual é subsidiada pelos trabalhos desenvolvidos por alguns think tanksespecíficos e que são financiados pelo CIM, sendo disseminadas as ideias securitizantes nosdiscursos dos principais stakeholders governamentais.
Japan
Authors: Oliveira Henrique Altemani
Published: May 2019

This article seeks to demonstrate that Japan throughout time has made gradual adjustmentsthroughout time to increase its military capacities, in order to regain autonomy in relation toits defence. With this process of “adjustment”, without constitutional reforms, Japan presentlypossesses military capabilities that are similar to those of the primary global powers in termsof budget, technologically advanced military resources, manpower, and it masters the entirecycle for the production of a nuclear weapon. In an unstable regional scenario, entwinedwith the rise of threat to Japan’s strategic and economic security and with the increase of thepossibility of being abandoned by the United States, what is preventing Japan in claimingits defence autonomy and taking collective security actions? The first part of this reflectionintroduces some concepts that indicate the contradictions, paradoxes, and fundaments thatunderpin the construction of the Japanese security identity. The second part concentrates onthe analysis of the tendency of revision or of reinterpretation of the Japanese Constitutionwith regards to possessing Armed Forces as a foreign policy instrument.
Factors affecting SVI in small scale WWTPs
Authors: Kõrgmaa V. , Kriipsalu M. , Tenno T. , Lember E. , Kuusik A. , Lemmiksoo V. , Pachel K. , Iital A.
Published: May 2019

This paper analyses factors associated with bulking in 195 small scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Estonia. Operational data from each plant were collected and analysed statistically. The key factors associated with bulking were infiltration into sewage pipes, the type and purpose of process reactor, operational practices and influent characteristics. Both anaerobic fraction and volumetric fraction of the anaerobic reactor compared to the aerobic reactor resulted in a positive correlation with sludge volume index (SVI) <150 ml/g values. Good operation and maintenance practice as well as an operator's competence play a crucial role in bulking prevention. Using the 30 minute settling test (V30) as the single process control parameter can mislead an operator's judgement in process control strategies and cause effluent violations. Misjudgements in process control decisions can lead to unwanted conditions in small WWTPs (e.g. excessive chemical addition favoured bulking). Use of instrumentation, control and automation helped to keep the process conditions more stable and reduce the probability of bulking. Analyses of variance showed that the factors associated with Microthrix parvicella growth were long solids retention time (SRT), low food-to-microorganism ratio (F/M) and lack of carbon content compared against nitrogen and phosphorus contents.
Implication of Medical Treatment for Surgical Strategies in IBD
Authors: Gecse Krisztina B. , Buskens Christianne J.
Published: May 2019

Despite changing medical paradigm, still a significant proportion of patients with IBD require
surgery. The patient's general condition, including nutritional status and the use of immunosuppressive
medications is of great importance with regard to surgical complications, as well as the
choice of optimal surgical strategy. The indication and the timing of surgery are key factors for the
multidisciplinary management of IBD patients. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview
on the impact of medical treatment on surgical strategies in IBD.
Repurposing of Fluvastatin Against Candida albicans CYP450 Lanosterol 14 α-demethylase, a Target Enzyme for Antifungal Therapy: An In silico and In vitro Study
Authors: Rana Ritika , Sharma Ruchika , Kumar Anoop
Published: May 2019

Background:

The incidence of fungal infections has increased significantly.
Specifically the cases of candida albicans infection are increasing day by day and their
resistance to clinically approved drugs is a major concern for humans. Various classes
of antifungal drugs are available in the market for the treatment of these infections but
unfortunately, none of them is able to treat the infection.

Objective:

Thus, in the present investigation, we have repurposed the well-known drug
(Fluvastatin) in the treatment of Candida albicans infections by using in silico, in vitro
and ex vivo techniques.

Results:

Firstly, we developed and validated a simple model of CYP45014α-lanosterol
demethylase of Candida albicans by using crystal structure of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (1EA1). Further, fluvastatin was docked with a validated model of
CYP45014α-lanosterol demethylase and revealed good binding affinity as that of
fluconazole. In vitro results (Percentage growth retardation, Fungal growth kinetics,
Biofilm test and Post antifungal test) have shown good antifungal activity of fluvastatin.
Finally, the results of MTT assay have shown non-cytotoxic effect of fluvastatin in murine
splenocytes and thymocytes.

Results:

Firstly, we developed and validated a simple model of CYP45014α-lanosterol
demethylase of Candida albicans by using crystal structure of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (1EA1). Further, fluvastatin was docked with a validated model of
CYP45014α-lanosterol demethylase and revealed good binding affinity as that of
fluconazole. In vitro results (Percentage growth retardation, Fungal growth kinetics,
Biofilm test and Post antifungal test) have shown good antifungal activity of fluvastatin.
Finally, the results of MTT assay have shown non-cytotoxic effect of fluvastatin in murine
splenocytes and thymocytes.

Conclusion:

However, further in vivo studies are required to confirm the complete role
of fluvastatin as an antifungal agent.
Exploring the Potential of Capsaicin Against Cancer Metastasis Based on TGF-β Signaling Modulation Through Module-based Network Pharmacology Approach
Authors: Kandagalla Shivananda , Shekarappa Sharath Belenahalli , Pavan Gollapalli , Hani Umme , Hanumanthappa Manjunatha
Published: May 2019

Background:

Capsaicin is an active alkaloid /principal component of red pepper responsible for
the pungency of chili pepper. Capsaicin by changing the intracellular redox homeostasis regulate a variety
of signaling pathways ultimately producing a divergent cellular outcome. Several reports showed the potential
of capsaicin against cancer metastasis, however unexplored molecular mechanism is still an active
part of the research. Several growth factors have a critical role during cancer metastasis among them TGF-
β signaling play a vital role.

Methods:

The present study aimed at analyzing capsaicin modulation of TGF-β signaling using network
pharmacology approach. The chemical and protein interaction data of capsaicin was curated and abstracted
using STITCH4.0, PubChem and ChEMBL database. Further, the compiled data set was subjected to the
pathway and functional enrichment analysis using Protein Analysis THrough Evolutionary Relationship
(PANTHER) and, Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) database.
Meanwhile, the pattern of amino acid composition across the capsaicin targets was analyzed using the EMBOSS
Pepstat tool. Capsaicin targets involved in TGF- β were identified and their Protein-Protein Interaction
(PPI) network constructed using STRING v10 and Cytoscape (v 3.2.1). From the above-constructed network,
the clusters were mined using the MCODE clustering algorithm and finally binding affinity of capsaicin with
its targets involved in TGF-β signaling pathway was analyzed using Autodock Vina.

Results:

The analysis explored capsaicin targets and, their associated functional and pathway annotations.
Besides, the analysis also provides a detailed distinct pattern of amino acid composition across the capsaicin
targets. The capsaicin targets described as MAPK14, JUN, SMAD3, MAPK3, MAPK1 and MYC involved
in TGF-β signaling pathway through pathway enrichment analysis. The binding mode analysis of
capsaicin with its targets has shown high affinity with MAPK3, MAPK1, JUN and MYC.

Conclusion:

The study explores the potential of capsaicin as a potent modulator of TGF-β signaling pathway
during cancer metastasis and proposes new methodology and mechanism of action of capsaicin
against TGF- β signaling pathway.
In silico T-cell and B-cell Epitope Based Vaccine Design Against Alphavirus Strain of Chikungunya
Authors: Jadoon Maharij Haroon , Rehman Zainab , Khan Areeba , Rizwan Muhammad , Khan Sajid , Mehmood Azhar , Munir Anum
Published: May 2019

Background:

Chikungunya an arbovirus, is transmitted to humans by the bite of Aedes
mosquito. The virus occurrences have been reported in Southeast Asian countries including Pakistan.
Its symptoms include typical febrile illness and arthralgic syndrome. The virus has not decisively
proved to be life-threatening.

Methods:

The attempt was to design T-cell and B-cell epitope-based vaccine for Chikungunya.
The proteome of chikungunya was retrieved, antigenic proteins were identified and T-cell epitopes
and B-cell epitopes were predicted. Interacting HLA alleles were also identified. The final analysis
was done to confirm that predicted T-cell epitopes and B-cell epitopes can be used as a vaccine.

Results:

About 32 T-cell epitopes and a 10mer B-cell epitope were identified. Both T-cell and Bcell
epitopes demonstrated strong interactions with HLA alleles. The predicted T-cell and B-cell
epitopes were docked with respective HLA alleles. The docking analysis showed that the predicted
respective epitopes best fit into the binding pockets of the alleles.

Conclusion:

On the basis of this computational analysis, it is suggested that these predicted epitopes
can be used as a remedy against Alphavirus strain of chikungunya. Further laboratory experiments
can be conducted to determine the efficacy and stability of this work.
Comparative Efficacy of Canine Parvovirus-2 Infection Diagnostic Tests Commonly Prevailing in India
Authors: Dorlikar P. R. , Warke S. R. , Tumlam U. M. , Ingle V. C.
Published: May 2019

Early and rapid field diagnosis of CPV-2 infection is essential for preventing disease transmission from infected to susceptible dogs. In the present study total 91 fecal samples and rectal swabs collected from a diarrheic and non-diarrheic dog from clinics located in and around Nagpur. Polymerase Chain Reaction Rapid Antigen detection kit, and Haemagglutination test (HA) were able to detect CPV-2 in 41 (45.05%), 34 (37.36%) and 22 (24.17%) samples, respectively. The evaluation revealed that the PCR method was found to be most sensitive followed by antigen detection kit and HA field test. Sensitivity and specificity of antigen detection kit with respect to PCR method were found to be 78.08% and 96.00%, respectively. The finding suggests PCR with the highest sensitivity may be taken as a gold standard test of CPV-2 relative to other diagnostic tests. HA test could be employed for the preliminary screening in field because of its rapid response and low cost.
One Stage Surgical Management for Third Degree Recto-vaginal Laceration in Mares: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Pooniya R. , Jhamb D. K. , Saini R. , Kumar Satveer K. , Sharma S. K.
Published: May 2019

Rectovaginal lacerations in the mare occur during parturition when the foal’s limb(s) or head are forced caudal and dorsal. The injury is seen predominantly in primiparous mares and is usually due to violent expulsive efforts by the mare (Colbern et al., 1985; Turner and McIlwraith, 1989). The injury is also seen following forced extraction of a large fetus or extraction before full dilation of the birth canal. Third-degree perineal lacerations occur when there is tearing through the rectovaginal septum, the musculature of the rectum and vagina, and the perineal body.
Factors Affecting Research and Extension Linkage in Veterinary Universities in India
Authors: Sinha Sushil K. , Chander Mahesh , Verma Med R. , Jena Anupama
Published: May 2019

The effective research-extension linkage in agriculture and veterinary universities depends on multiple factors. To analyze such factors, the present study was carried out with a sample of 80 researchers and 40 extensionists from four veterinary universities in India. The correlation and regression analysis revealed that most of the dimensions of functional R-E linkage were less affected by the selected profile characteristics of respondents. Their information accessibility, job-experience, training/seminar familiarity and perception of management have a positive and significant relationship with linkage strength. So, these factors should be addressed by the university to strengthen and design effective linkage strategies for research and extension.
Association Study of Fecundity Gene BMPR1B with Prolificacy in Surti Goats under Farm and Field Condition
Authors: Dangar N. S. , Pandya G. M. , Ramani U. V. , Padheriya Y. D. , Sangma T. , Patel S. S. , Devkatte S.
Published: May 2019

The Surti is a dual purpose goat breed of Gujarat. The bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1B (BMPR1B) gene of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily ligands is playing a role in ovulation as well as litter size. Mutation in Exon-6 region of BMPR1B gene with base size 190 bp reported increasing litter size. Based on the known mutation information in goat and sheep, PCR primers were designed to screen polymorphism in total 100 Surti goats, 50 Surti goats from University Farm, Navsari and 50 Surti goats from field units of Southern part of Gujarat. During PCR-RFLP study no polymorphic sites were found for Exon-6 region of BMPR1B on Surti goats. Moreover, the twinning rate was 10% in first parity and higher in subsequent second (62.5%) and third (76.8%) parties.
Gross and Biometric Studies on Pelvic Bone of the Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
Authors: Barvalia Ishita , Panchal K. M.
Published: May 2019

The bones of pelvic girdle of emu were studied. The two large os-coxae were less widely separated. No symphysis was found between two pelvic bones. The fossa renalis was absent. The short pre-acetabular part was in the form of a rough quadrilateral plate, while the long post-acetabular part was in the form of an elongated triangle. The acetabulum was a deep cavity and perforated. The large ante-trochanter was found on caudodorsal part of the acetabulum. The foramen ischiadicum was in the form of a long ilio-ischiatic incisure. Pubis was a thin rod-like bone directed caudally parallel to the ischium. The large ischio-pubic incisure was divided incompletely into oval obturator foramen cranially and elongated slit caudally. The gross anatomy of os coxae of emu bird and its biometry have been described in detail.
Desarrollo de proveedores de hule natural en la cuenca del río Papaloapan, México: avances y limitaciones
Authors: González-Ramírez María Guadalupe , Santoyo-Cortés Vinicio Horacio , Aguilar-Ávila Jorge , Aguilar-Gallegos Norman
Published: May 2019

México posee condiciones óptimas para el cultivo del hule natural; sin embargo, importa más del 80 % para su consumo. Para mejorar esta situación se implementó un modelo de desarrollo de proveedores a través de Agencias de Gestión de la Innovación (agi). Este trabajo analizó los logros de los servicios de asistencia técnica proporcionados por dos agi a dos agroindustrias (ai) de hule y a sus proveedores ubicados en la Cuenca del río Papaloapan, en México. De 2011 a inicios de 2014, las agi generaron informes y datos sobre parámetros técnicos, productivos, organizativos y comerciales, tanto de productores como de ai. Con la información se construyeron bases de datos globales para analizar los cambios en producción, abasto y adopción de innovaciones. Los resultados muestran que la intervención de las agi fue pertinente y eficaz en la mejora de parámetros productivos y de poscosecha. Además, se incrementó la producción de hule coagulado y la disponibilidad de materia prima para las ai. También se lograron reducir los costos de producción y mejorar la calidad del hule. No obstante, la caída del precio del hule a fines de 2013 provocó retrocesos en la adopción de innovaciones y en la integración agricultura-industria, lo que evidenció la fragilidad del desarrollo de proveedores, así como de las ai involucradas para fungir como empresas tractoras.
Revisión de la medición de capacidades dinámicas: una propuesta de indicadores para el sector ovino
Authors: Bastanchury-López María Teresa , De-Pablos-Heredero Carmen , García-Martínez Antón Rafael , Romo-Romero Santiago Martín
Published: May 2019

El sector ovino es uno de los principales sectores que impulsan la economía en Castilla-La Mancha. Así, en 2016 la denominación de origen protegida (dop) “queso manchego” generó el 61,21 % del valor económico de los productos con denominación de origen en toda España. Sin embargo, actualmente las explotaciones adolecen de un adecuado desempeño gerencial que, unido a la caída en el precio de la leche destinada a la dop y el aumento en el coste de alimentación del ganado, está generando problemas de viabilidad. Teniendo en cuenta esta problemática, el objetivo de este trabajo consiste en identificar un conjunto de indicadores que permitan medir capacidades dinámicas en el sector ovino. Desde la perspectiva metodológica, se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura en capacidades dinámicas y se han determinado potenciales indicadores propios de la gestión ovina que permitan medir dichas capacidades. Como resultado, se han identificado y justificado 54 indicadores para medir los distintos tipos de capacidades. A modo de conclusión, estos indicadores constituyen un referente para que los gerentes puedan medir, diagnosticar y tomar decisiones de mejora en la gestión de sus granjas.
Hormonal signaling factors produced by brown adipose tissue as regulators of metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids
Authors: Santacruz-Hidalgo Francisco , Viscarra-Sanchez Eliana
Published: May 2019

Brown adipose tissue is one of the principal generators of heat in the body; due to the activation of many hormones and receptors, it takes a fundamental role in thermogenesis. However recent studies have proved that this is not its only function. Brown adipose tissue could also act as an endocrine organ, which means that it releases chemical substances to the blood and regulate some activities in the organism. This cell communication process is momentous, since allowing cells to exchange physicochemical information with the environment and other cells in the body could be a relevant field of study in treatments of obesity, diabetes and other diseases related with body weight. This paper offers an overview of different transcriptional factors, endocrine regulation and therapeutic applications of the brown fat tissue, and also the distinctions that it has with white adipose tissue and beige adipose tissue.
The structure of Neurexin 1α (n1α) and its role as synaptic organizer
Authors: Zambonino Marjorie , Pereira Pamela
Published: May 2019

α - and b-neurexins (NRXNs) are transmembrane adhesion protein complexes localized in presynaptic membranes into neurons and interact with the postsynaptic neuroligins (NLGNs). Our findings indicate that the neurexin 1α (n1α) is a synaptic organizer that directs postsynaptic development in neurons, evidenced in GABAergic neurons and trials with Knock-out Mice. Also, the interactions between hypervariable surfaces of n1α and ligands (neurexophilin, a-dystroglycan, and GABAA) promotes a proper protein-binding recognition, and consequently, a better synaptic adhesion.

There is a direct relationship between mental disorders and the n1α assemblage because NRXN1 gene encodes for n1α proteins which are involved in the transmission of information into the brain. For this reason, damage in this complex-protein or some neurexin gene variations causes pathological abnormalities and neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and intellectual disabilities.
Polypharmacological study of Ceritinib using a structure based in silico approach
Authors: R. Sahrawat Tammanna , Kaur Prabhjeet Kaur
Published: May 2019

Drug repurposing has gained mass recognition over the past few years as it has paved new therapeutic applications for already approved FDA drugs. It focuses on finding new molecular targets of drugs for medical uses different than the one originally proposed. Ceritinib, an Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) inhibitor is given orally in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This treatment has been reported to be associated with a number of side effects such as hyperglycemia, convulsion, pneumonitis etc. The side effects are usually due to the unintended interaction of the drug with other protein targets. In silico polypharmacological studies of Ceritinib suggests that it binds to multiple targets other than the intended one which may largely be due to different proteins possessing similar binding sites. ProBis server was used to retrieve probable off-targets of Ceritinib based on presence of structurally similar protein binding sites as that of ALK. Ceritinib was found to bind effectively to three proteins namely Lymphocyte Cell-Specific Protein-Tyrosine Kinase, Tropomyosin receptor kinase B and Aurora kinase B having favorable binding energies and inhibition constants, with no reported side-effects as compared to their marketed drugs. Therefore, it is concluded from the present study that Ceritinib may act as an effective therapeutic target against its polypharmacological targets.
A Parenting Behavior Intervention (the Strengthening Families Program) for Families: Noninferiority Trial of Different Program Delivery Methods (Preprint)
Authors: Kumpfer Karol Linda , Brown Jaynie Litster
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

The Strengthening Families Program (SFP) is an evidence-based parent training and youth life skills and drug prevention program traditionally delivered in group settings. Families attend parent and youth classes conducted by trained facilitators. Recently, a 2-disk home-use DVD series was created with the same SFP skills as the group classes for parents and the youth to watch together at home. Additional lesson material was added that included healthy brain development, school success, anger management, dangers of alcohol and drugs, and mindfulness. The SFP DVD reduces SFP delivery costs for agencies and logistic burdens to families. Creative applications of the DVD include holding SFP DVD family discussion groups of multiple families and using SFP DVD video clips as part of a shorter 10-week group class version for parents and the youth.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine three different DVD implementation scenarios using a noninferiority trial, contrasting target outcomes with an age-matched sample culled from a national norm database of families who completed a standard SFP 14-week class.

METHODS

The partial eta-square was used to compare effect sizes between the different delivery modalities for relevant programmatic outcomes. We adjusted the effect sizes by demographic measures to determine whether there were site-specific features influencing program outcomes.

RESULTS

For the unadjusted effect size comparisons, 13 of the 15 indicated that the home-use DVD outperformed group norms with an average 0.13 effect size estimate difference across the comparisons (28% improvement in the effect size for DVD condition). Comparisons of the home-use DVD condition with the mixed DVD use conditions showed no discernable pattern where one condition consistently outperformed another. Adjusted effect sizes still reinforced the superiority of the DVD conditions; however, there was some shrinkage in the effect sizes as expected with the inclusion of relevant covariates.

CONCLUSIONS

The home-use DVD shows that it is possible to effectively deliver an affordable family-based intervention using alternative technology outside of the traditional group-based class format. In almost all of the comparisons, the DVD conditions outperformed the group norms, underscoring that low-cost DVDs or viewing the videos on the Web may provide a useful surrogate for costly group-based formats. Future studies may want to improve on the quasi-experimental design by examining programmatic differences based on delivery format using a randomized controlled trial, thus strengthening the causal framework regarding program effects. In addition, the assessment protocol relied on retrospective reporting, which, although this can limit response shift bias, does not separate data collection in time as with a true pre- and posttest design.
A Novel Food Record App for Dietary Assessments Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Development and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Jung Hyunggu , Demiris George , Tarczy-Hornoch Peter , Zachry Mark
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND

More than 1 in 4 people in the United States aged 65 years and older have type 2 diabetes. For diabetes care, medical nutrition therapy is recommended as a clinically effective intervention. Previous researchers have developed and validated dietary assessment methods using images of food items to improve the accuracy of self-reporting over traditional methods. Nevertheless, little is known about the usability of image-assisted dietary assessment methods for older adults with diabetes.

OBJECTIVE

The aims of this study were (1) to create a food record app for dietary assessments (FRADA) that would support image-assisted dietary assessments, and (2) to evaluate the usability of FRADA for older adults with diabetes.

METHODS

For the development of FRADA, we identified design principles that address the needs of older adults and implemented three fundamental tasks required for image-assisted dietary assessments: capturing, viewing, and transmitting images of food based on the design principles. For the usability assessment of FRADA, older adults aged 65 to 80 years (11 females and 3 males) were assigned to interact with FRADA in a lab-based setting. Participants’ opinions of FRADA and its usability were determined by a follow-up survey and interview. As an evaluation indicator of usability, the responses to the survey, including an after-scenario questionnaire, were analyzed. Qualitative data from the interviews confirmed the responses to the survey.

RESULTS

We developed a smartphone app that enables older adults with diabetes to capture, view, and transmit images of food items they consumed. The findings of this study showed that FRADA and its instructions for capturing, viewing, and transmitting images of food items were usable for older adults with diabetes. The survey showed that participants found FRADA easy to use and would consider using FRADA daily. The analysis of the qualitative data from interviews revealed multiple categories, such as the usability of FRADA, potential benefits of using FRADA, potential features to be added to FRADA, and concerns of older adults with diabetes regarding interactions with FRADA.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates in a lab-based setting not only the usability of FRADA by older adults with diabetes but also potential opportunities using FRADA in real-world settings. The findings suggest implications for creating a smartphone app for an image-assisted dietary assessment. Future work still remains to evaluate the feasibility and validity of FRADA with multiple stakeholders, including older adults with diabetes and dietitians.
Life Insurance Sector Development and Economic Growth of India in the Changing Policy Regime
Authors: Mishra P K , Mir Javaid A.
Published: May 2019

The changing economic scenario of the Indian economy posed new challenges to almost all the sectors of the economy, and the insurance sector is no exception. The introduction of insurance sector reforms not only eliminated the monopoly of life insurance sector, but opened up the insurance windows to the private players which increased the competition in many folds, especially since 2000. The reforms brought an overall increase in insurance penetration as well as insurance density in the country. As a result, the insurance industry is today more efficient and exerts considerable positive impacts on the growth of the Indian economy. The insurance sector contributes to a rise in labour productivity through efficient investments, and also generates productive employment opportunities. In this context, this paper examines dynamics of the relationship between the development of life insurance sector and the real economic growth in the changing policy regime in India, and provides the evidence of the positive and significant relationship between them. Therefore, it is suggested to prioritize the focus on the further development of the sector may be through the implementation of prudent policies to increase rural penetration of life insurance in India. Also, the inclusive growth strategy in the country can be effectively mobilized to enhance the development of the life insurance sector.
Between Religion and Economics: Towards a Shift of Paradigm in Early Modern Economic Literature
Authors: Belligni Eleonora
Published: May 2019

At the beginning of the early modern age, philosophers, religious and political thinkers writing on economics had to deal with categories that were still based on the religious certainties of the medieval West, and with a paradigm built on Aristotelian dialectic between oikos (the family economy) and chrèmata (wealth). From this frame, articulated and innovative investigations on the contemporary economic world were born in the late Middle Ages of Europe: but up until the late seventeenth century, at least, the Aristotelian paradigm remained a rigid cage for most of the writers. Yet, both the impact of some theoretical work on the relationship between religion and economy, and some significant changing in European scenario started to break this cage. Evidence of a shifting of paradigm could be detected even in Counter-Reformation authors like the Italian Giovanni Botero.
HYSTEROSCOPY BEFORE IN VITRO FERTILIZATION
Authors: Mitić Dejan , Živadinović Radomir , Bašić Marin , Petrić Aleksandra , Trenkić Milan , Stamenović Snežana
Published: May 2019

In the last decade, success after in vitro fertilization process (IVF) has remained at a similar rate despite all the improvements implemented in the stimulation protocols and laboratory techniques. Hysteroscopy is a method becoming more widely used with patients after a failed IVF cycle, considering a large incidence of uterus cavum pathological states which have a negative impact on the favorable outcome. Numerous studies have provided different results on the IVF outcome with hysteroscopy performed prior to this treatment in cases with no uterus cavum pathology. The aim of the research was to examine the effect of both diagnostic and surgical hysteroscopy on the outcome of IVF.  Hysteroscopy was performed with 74 patients 30 to 50 days prior to IVF and in 33 of them (group I) some pathological state was noticed, which was treated during the same procedure. The control group (group III) included 151 patients who had IVF performed with no prior hysteroscopy. There is no statistically significant difference in the rate of post hysteroscopy implantation between I and II group when compared to the control group (20.62% vs 23.28% vs 17.31%), nor in the rate of clinical pregnancies (45.45% vs 46.34% vs 34.44%). Following the correctional treatment of uterus cavum pathological states, implantation and pregnancy rates remain at a level comparable to hysteroscopically normal medical findings. Statistically significant higher pregnancy rate is present in group I after the first IVF cycle, compared to the next IVF in the same group and in comparison to the next IVF cycle in the control group (60.00% vs 27.91%, p<0.05). Hysteroscopy is a simple and safe method allowing nearly identical rate of clinical pregnancies after a surgical treatment of uterus cavum pathological states when compared to the control group, but statistically much higher pregnancy rate if the order of IVF procedure is being compared. In cases of normal ultrasound findings and negative hysteroscopical findings, performing hysteroscopy prior to IVF does not provide significantly better results. Therefore, its routine execution is not recommended.
APPENDICITIS IN CHILDREN: SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS, LABORATORY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY FINDINGS IN 67 PATIENTS
Authors: Živanović Dragoljub , Đorđević Ivona , Petrović Milan
Published: May 2019

Acute abdominal pain is a reason for hospital admission of about 20% of children. Typical clinical presentation of appendicitis may be significantly different in children. Diagnosis is based on the combination of symptoms, clinical signs, and results of laboratory and radiology examinations. The objective of the present study was to analyze symptoms, signs, laboratory and histopathology findings in children who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis. Sixty-seven patients (37 males and 30 females) with mean age of 9.77 years, operated on for clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis were enrolled in the study. Abdominal pain was present in all patients, followed by vomitus and fever. Laboratory markers of inflammation varied significantly with severity of inflammation, but were normal in chronic appendicitis. Clinical and histopathology assessments of inflammation were concordant in 22 – 43% depending of the degree of appendicitis. Perforation occurred in 26.86% and negative appendectomy rate was 6%.
MONITORING OF IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VIROLOGIC SUCCESSFULLY TREATED HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN SOUTHEASTERN SERBIA
Authors: Vrbic Miodrag , Jovanovic Maja , Popovic-Dragonjic Lidija , Rankovic Aleksandar , Djordjevic-Spasic Marina
Published: May 2019

The number of CD4 lymphocytes defines the evolutional stage of HIV-infection and is the most important for a reliable estimation of the individual risk of developing AIDS. However, it is difficult to predict the degree of immune reconstitution during antiretroviral therapy, as it varies significantly from one person to another. Further investigations to better understand the limitations of immunological success are necessary to improve the response to treatment and regimen durability. The current study includes HIV-infected patients in Southeastern Serbia with achieved virologic suppression of HIV infection. The CD4 count was determined by flow cytometry, and was correlated with the duration of treatment, initial number of CD4 cells, type of antiretroviral therapy, mode of transmission of infection, age and gender of examinees. The resulting arithmetic mean and standard deviation of CD4 number was 473±259 cells/µl (range, 1130 cells/µl). There was no statistically significant correlation between the values of CD4 count and length of treatment, stage of the infection at which the therapy was started, treatment profile, method of infection, age or gender. The obtained results are comparable with the existing studies that follow immunological response to antiretroviral therapy and primarily point out the issue of substantial individual response variability, which has not yet been fully elucidated.
INITIAL EXPERIENCES IN TREATMENT OF GASTROINTESTINAL FOREIGN BODIES IN CHILDREN
Authors: Djurić Zlatko , Bojanović Milan , Budić Ivana , Maksimović Jelisaveta
Published: May 2019

We performed a retrospective analysis of all records of children with ingested foreign bodies presented to Clinical Center of Niš Pediatric Clinic and Pediatric Surgery and Orthopedics Clinic in the period from January 2014 to June 2017. The most commonly detected foreign bodies were: metal coins (7) followed by hairclips (2), metal key (1), trichobezoar (1) magnets (1) button battery (1) and zipper puller (1). Regarding anatomical location, foreign bodies were most frequently found in stomach (in 11 patients) followed by esophagus (in 2 patients) and jejunum (in 1 patient). In the majority of our patients (7) foreign bodies passed out of gastrointestinal tract spontaneously. Endoscopic foreign body removal was performed in 5 cases while surgery as a sole therapeutic action was done in 1 patient. In one child multiple magnets were removed from the stomach performing both endoscopic and surgical interventions. Teamwork of a gastroenterologist and a surgeon is crucial for optimizing therapeutic options for each individual patient. Public awareness of this problem and education of parents should be increased to a higher level in order to prevent cases of foreign bodies ingestion in children.
THE THYROID UNDER THREAT IN A WORLD OF PLASTICS
Authors: Duntas Leonidas H.
Published: May 2019

Among the various categories of thyroid disruptors, plasticizers, particularly phthalates and bisphenol A and substitutes, are most frequently examined due to their very extensive use and extreme durability. Both experimental and clinical studies have shown the deleterious effects of plasticizers on, among other major organ systems, thyroid physiology and thyroid hormone metabolism. Though the mechanism(s) are not as yet well clarified, it is hypothesized that plasticizers exert a suppressive effect on thyroid function and disrupt thyroid signaling. Similar effects have been reported in wildlife, which is also increasingly exposed to the plastic contamination of both solid and aqueous environments. By presenting the results of several recently published large studies linking plastics to thyroid dysfunction, this review aims to sound the alarm and thus call to action all academic organizations in order to counteract a threat which imperils not only the thyroid and the reproductive system but also the entirety of life on our planet.
PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND ITS IMPACT ON ASYMPTOMATIC CAROTID ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Kostic Svetlana , Tasic Ivan , Djordjevic Dragan , Stoickov Viktor , Stojanovic Nikola
Published: May 2019

The importance of metabolic syndrome (MetSy) lies in the fact that its components are proven risk factors for early blood vessel atherosclerosis and thrombosis.Aim of the paper: Our aim was to establish the prevalence of MetSy in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and its impact on asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. The study involved 391 examinees, divided into two groups. The study group consisted of patients with arterial hypertension (n=342; average age, 66.56 ± 09.52; with 51% of female gender). The presence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors was established for all involved patients, cardiovascular risk score was determined (SCORE risk), laboratory analyses were performed, as well as anthropometric measurements and color Doppler sonography of the great blood vessels of the neck. The patients with AH were divided into two groups according to the presence of MetSy. Metabolic syndrome was confirmed in 198 patients who comprised group I; there were 144 examinees without MetSy and these comprised group II. Those with MetSy had a greater average number of CV risk factors, a higher SCORE risk score, higher body mass index (p<0.0001), and more frequently had diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity. The thickness of the intimal medial complex (IMC) of the carotid arteries was significantly greater in the group with MetSy (p<0.0001) – 51% of examinees had IMC thickness ≥0.90. The patients with MetSy more commonly had one or more carotid plaques (p=0.03), a higher average number of plaques (p=0.01) and percentage of stenosis (p=0.01). As the most important factors associated with early carotid atherosclerosis, multivariant regression analysis singled out the following (for the model R=0.512. R2=0.262. adjusted R2=0.255. standard error of the estimate = 0.174; p<0.0001): age (coefficiant β=0.331. p<0.0001), number of MetSy components (coefficient β=0.158. p=0.002), level of serum uric acid (coefficient β=0.284; p<0.0001). Our results demonstrated a significant association of MetSy and its components with early atherosclerotic changes in the carotid arteries.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROFESSIONAL STRESS IN PERMANENT WORKING CAPABILITY OF WORKERS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Jovanović Jovica , Šarac Ivana , Jovanović Jovana , Sokolović Dušan , Jovanović Stefan
Published: May 2019

Arterial hypertension is widespread in the population of workers. Stress at work has a significant impact on the emergence of many psychosomatic diseases including arterial hypertension. The aim of this research is to show the influence of professional stress on the occurrence of arterial hypertension, its complications and the permanent working ability of exposed workers in construction. The survey covered 1900 construction workers. The standardized questionnaire has assessed the level of stress and professional stressors in their workplaces. The survey group consisted of 1350 workers whose level of total professional stress index (OSI) was over 60, and a control group of 550 workers with an OSI level below 60. The prevalence of arterial hypertension and its complications is statistically significantly more frequent in the examined than in the control group.  In the investigated group, a statistically significant number of workers were registered, who, due to their complete loss of working ability, were sent to the disability commission. With an increase in OSI values above 71, the number of workers with complete loss of working capacity is significantly increased in relation to the number of workers who are capable of working. Professional stress is a significant factor that affects the occurrence of arterial hypertension, its complications on vital organs, which lead to a complete permanent loss of working ability of exposed workers in construction.
THE UNBEARABLE LIGHTNESS OF PRESCRIBING GROWTH HORMONE
Authors: Šaranac Ljiljana
Published: May 2019

Short stature is the most visible and prominent physical characteristic and one of the commonest reason for referral to pediatric endocrinologist. It is assumed as disabling condition with psychosocial consequences that seeks treatment. Behind short stature severe pathology could be hidden, although not necessarily of endocrine origin. Even in the new millennium, many diagnostic pitfalls and dilemmas persist in confirmation of growth hormone deficiency (GHD), the first indication that fits in endocrine paradigm: to replace the missing hormone. In 1985 FDA approved recombinant human GH (hGH) as the treatment of pediatric patients who have growth failure due to inadequate secretion of endogenous GH. Availability of hGH in unlimited amounts enhanced the number of indications of GH use. Pediatric endocrinologist started to promote and to apply use of hGH for height in short, but otherwise healthy children, with hormonal normalcy. Reasonable criticism of such praxis arises in the light of recent safety alerts. The unbearable lightness of prescribing growth hormone to every apparently or really short child is reaching epidemic progress in Serbia. When authorities in this low income country (estimated as developing), approved hGH for use in SGA (small for gestational age) children, use and misuse of hGH exploded. Socially acceptable height, the term applied by some endocrinologists actually means that society does not accept short people. The pharmaceutical companies go even further offering, besides growth acceleration, better and brighter future for potential patients, in whom the self-confidence is measured by centimeters of height. However, benefits of such treatment on quality of life were never confirmed. Children with severe growth failure and documented GHD should be treated undoubtedly, but use of hGH for height, so called cosmetic endocrinology, needs critical appraisal. Children and their parents should be informed about height prediction and long-term consequences.