bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EKSISTENSI LEAFLET ARSITEKTURAL DALAM MEMAHAMI ARSITEKTUR KAMPUNG BUDAYA SINDANGBARANG
Authors: Puspatarini Retna Ayu , Handjajanti Sri , Utami Laksmi
Published: April 2022

Kampung Budaya Sindangbarang merupakan kawasan budaya yang berada di Bogor. Budaya yang diangkat di kawasan ini yakni budaya Sunda sehingga secara penampilan fisik terlihat kawasan ini menghadirkan bangunan tradisional Sunda. Minimnya informasi terkait arsitektur khasnya menyebabkan masih sedikitnya masyarakat yang tertarik untuk berkunjung ke kawasan tersebut. Untuk mendukung ketertarikan masyarakat datang ke Kampung Budaya Sindangbarang maka diperlukan leaflet arsitektural yang dapat membantu mempromosikan kawasan tersebut. Leaflet arsitektural yang dirancang memberikan informasi terkait arsitektur khas Kampung Budaya Sindangbarang. Dalam mewujudkan leaflet arsitektural maka diperlukan metodologi ethnografi arsitektur. Tulisan ini dibuat untuk memahami eksistensi leaflet arsitektural dalam memperkenalkan arsitektur Kampung Budaya Sindangbarang kepada masyarakat. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa untuk dapat memahami arsitektur Kampung Budaya Sindangbarang dengan baik maka bentuk dari leaflet arsitektural yang dirancang terbagi ke beberapa bagian didasarkan pada ethnografi arsitektur Kampung Budaya Sindangbarang sehingga pembuatan leaflet ini dapat memberikan informasi yang jelas kepada masyarakat tentang arsitektur khas yang ada di kawasan tersebut.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN PEMBERSIH TANGAN (HAND SANITIZER) BAGI MASYARAKAT DESA MEKARSARI, KECAMATAN RAJEG, KABUPATEN TANGERANG
Authors: Kurniawati Riskaviana , Dahani Wiwik , Azizi Masagus Ahmad , Maulani Mustamina , Aryandi Firman
Published: April 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 sempat menyebabkan pembersih tangan (hand sanitizer) langka dipasaran. Hal ini membuat sebagian masyarakat memilih untuk memproduksi hand sanitizer sendiri, salah satunya masyarakat desa Mekarsari. Kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat dalam pembuatan hand sanitizer menjadi permasalahan efektifitas hand sanitizer tersebut. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peningkatan pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat dalam pembuatan pembersih tangan (hand sanitizer) sesuai standar WHO melalui pelatihan kepada masyarakat. Kegiatan ini bertujuan dapat memberikan pelatihan kepada masyarakat tentang pembuatan pembersih tangan (hand sanitizer) sesuai standar WHO, memberikan pengetahuan IPTEK bagi masyarakat dan menambah penghasilan masyarakat. Pelatihan dilakukan dengan metode daring berupa penyampaian materi dan diskusi yang selanjutnya dilakukan pelatihan pembuatan hand sanitizer secara kelompok. Pelatihan ini memberikan dampak positif yaitu meningkatnya pemahaman masyarakat dalam pembuatan pembersih tangan (hand sanitizer) sesuai standar WHO sekitar 80%. Hasil ini terlihat dari antusiasme peserta dalam diskusi dan hasil angket yang telah dibagikan Adapun luaran dari kegiatan ini yakni hak cipta produk hand sanitizer, artikel yang dipublikasikan dalam jurnal nasional, produk tersertifikasi halal, serta kegiatan ini akan dipublikasikan dalam media online (youtube).
COVER VOL.2 NO.2 2021
Authors: Jurnal AKAL Admin
Published: April 2022

COVER VOL.2 NO.2 2021
INFLUENCE OF MARKET RESEARCH RESULTS ON THE ORGANOLEPTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CONFECTIONERY GLAZES
Authors: БАРАНОВА З.А. , БАРАНОВА Е.И.
Published: April 2022

Маркетинговые исследования вкусовых предпочтений потребителей являются необходимым условием повышения качества кондитерских глазурей. С целью получения объективной оценки важности органолептических характеристик кондитерских глазурей проведены комплексные маркетинговые исследования с применением метода hall-test и метода blind-test. Валидность исследований составила более 65%. Результаты исследований позволили установить рейтинг образцов кондитерских глазурей по количеству лидирующей позиции (с учетом сознательной и бессознательной оценки), а также выявить целевые показатели создания жировых полуфабрикатов. Опрос респондентов позволил определить средние значения важности органолептических характеристик для потребителей из разных городов. На основе комплексной оценки результатов даны рекомендации для совершенствования технологии производства заменителей масла какао, в том числе нелауринового типа, без образования транс-изомеров жирных кислот.

Marketing research of consumers' taste preferences is a necessary condition to improve the quality of confectionary glazes. In order to obtain an objective assessment of the importance of specific organoleptic characteristics of confectionery glazes a comprehensive marketing research was conducted using hall-test and blind-test methods. The validity of the study was over 65%. The results of the study allowed to establish the ranking of samples of confectionery glazes on the number of leading position (taking into account the conscious and unconscious evaluation), as well as to identify targets for the creation of fat semi-finished products. The survey of respondents using a specialized scale of constructs allowed to determine the average values of the importance of organoleptic characteristics for consumers from different cities. On the basis of complex estimation of obtained results recommendations were given for improvement of production technology of cocoa butter substitutes, including non-lauric type with minimum content of trans-isomers of fatty acids.
Banana resistant starch inhibitory inflammation and cyclooxygenase-2 in
BALB/c mice induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate
Authors: Pratiwi S.N. , Afifah D.N. , Widyastiti N.S. , Karlowee V. , Anjani G. , Istiadi H.
Published: April 2022

Inflammation in colonic tissue is one of the earliest developmental pathways in colorectal
cancer and proteins such as cyclooxygenase are crucial to this inflammation. Batu bananas
and kepok bananas contain resistant starch which can inhibit inflammation and COX-2 in
mice colon that are induced by Azoxymethane and Dextran Sodium Sulfate. This study
was to observe the effect of banana flour on inflammation and cyclooxygenase enzyme in
colonic tissue. This study involved 20 BALB/c mice in 4 groups, negative control group,
positive control group, batu banana treatment group, and kepok banana treatment group.
The level of inflammation was seen from the colon tissue treated with hematoxylin eosin
while Cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) with COX-2 immunohistochemical staining. The
specimens were viewed under a light microscope at a magnification of 400 times. The
treatment groups with resistant starch of batu and kepok banana flour had a significantly
lower level of inflammation when compared to the positive group (p = 0.035). The COX-2
score in the treatment group resistant starch of batu and kepok banana was significantly
lower than the positive control group (p<0.001). The COX-2 intensity in both groups was
lower than the positive group but not significant (p<0.001). The combined score between
the percentage and the intensity of COX-2 expression in the two treatment groups was
also had lower than the positive control group (p<0.001). Resistant starch of batu and
kepok banana can inhibit inflammation and suppressed the expression of COX-2.
Territórios do agronegócio e projetos de parcerias na educação
Authors: Ruscheinsky Aloisio , Rempel Enaide Tereza
Published: April 2022

Resumo
Este artigo resulta de pesquisa no território do agronegócio, em que se analisou a relação entre as parcerias e as práticas sociais, em particular no campo da educação. Objetivamos apreender as estratégias de construção cotidiana de consenso e de obtenção de hegemonia a partir da responsabilidade social e a presença da noção de sustentabilidade em projetos ambientais de empresa transnacional. O problema de pesquisa trata da responsabilidade social como uma ideologia, mediada pelo discurso político-pedagógico do desenvolvimento sustentável, conjugando educação, legitimidade e hegemonia. A coleta de dados se baseou em documentação e entrevistas com docentes e gestores educacionais. A pesquisa concluiu que o projeto político-pedagógico corporativo viabilizou práticas associadas à homogeneização de condições diferenciadas de vida e às formas de invisibilizar tensões e conflitos no território.
Palavras-chaves: Estado. Agronegócio. Parcerias. Educação. Hegemonia.
 
Abstract
This article results from research in the agribusiness territory where the relationship between partnerships and social practices was analyzed, particularly in the field of education. We aim to apprehend the strategies of daily building consensus and obtaining hegemony based on social responsibility and the presence of the notion of sustainability in corporate transnational company's environmental projects. The research problem deals with social responsibility as an ideology, mediated by the political-pedagogical discourse of sustainable development, combining education, legitimacy, and hegemony. Data collection was based on documentation and interviews with teachers and educational managers. The research concluded that the corporate political-pedagogical project made possible practices associated with the homogenization of differentiated living conditions and ways of making tensions and conflicts invisible in the territory.
Keywords: State. Agribusiness. Partnerships. Education. Hegemony.
O Neoliberalismo nos Livros Didáticos de Sociologia: A exemplificação como recurso didático
Authors: Lopes Ricardo Cortez , Capriolli Aline Bernardi
Published: April 2022

O presente trabalho trata de um estudo da utilização do recurso da exemplificação em livros didáticos de Sociologia, de maneira a compreender parte de como o processo se desenrolou nos ditos instrumentos educativos. Por meio de uma revisão conceitual, foi determinado que o exemplo pode assumir uma polissemia, que parte desde a metonímia, da demonstração ou de um modelo comportamental, de modo que também discutimos a sua utilidade para o processo didático em um geral e em específico para a didática do ensino de Sociologia. O corpus empírico foi baseado em três livros didáticos de Sociologia para o Ensino Médio, selecionados do Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD): “Sociologia para o Ensino Médio” (2012), “Sociologia para Jovens no Século XXI” (2015) e “Sociologia Hoje” (2018). O foco do estudo foi no conceito de neoliberalismo, cujas recorrências no material foram investigadas por uma análise de conteúdo.
Palavras-chaves: Ensino de Sociologia. Livro Didático. Neoliberalismo.
 
Abstract
The present paper deals with a study of the use of the resource of exemplification in textbooks of Sociology, in order to understand part of how the process unfolded in the called educational instruments. Through a conceptual review, it was determined that the example can assume a polysemy, starting from metonymy, from the demonstration or from a behavioral model, so that we also discuss its usefulness for the didactic process in general and specifically for the didactics of Sociology teaching. The empirical corpus was based in three textbooks on Sociology for High School: “Sociologia para o Ensino Médio” (2012), “Sociologia para Jovens no Século XXI” (2015) and “Sociologia Hoje” (2018). The focus of the study was on the concept of neoliberalism, whose recurrences in the material were investigated by a content analysis.
 
Keywords: Sociology teaching. Textbook. Neoliberalism.
Máscara do herói:
Authors: Barbosa dos Santos Helen , Passuelo de Oliveira Aline
Published: April 2022

Resumo: Através de uma das imagens veiculada pela mídia, relativa ao rosto dos profissionais de saúde representados como “verdadeiros heróis” na linha de frente no combate ao Coronavírus, a máscara de proteção facial será problematizada enquanto artefato político, que ao esconder determinadas peles revela a hierarquização de certas vidas. A perspectiva epistemológica é baseada principalmente em autores, como Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben e em estudos sobre a temática com foco nas interseccionalidades. A máscara, instrumento das práticas discursivas bélicas em torno do viver e morrer, é posicionada na ambiguidade proteção/segregação, vidas sacralizadas/vidas não choráveis, reiterando (in)visibilidades sociais, políticas e econômicas a determinados corpos.
Palavras-chaves: Máscara de proteção; Pandemia; Interseccionalidades.
 
Abstract
Through one of the images published by the media regarding the faces of health professionals represented as “real heroes” on the front lines in the fight against the Coronavirus, the facial protection mask will be problematized as a political artifact, which, by hiding certain skins, reveals the hierarchization of certain lives. The epistemological perspective is based mainly on authors, such as Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agambem and on studies on the subject with a focus on intersectionalities. The mask, an instrument of warlike discursive practices around living and dying, is positioned in the ambiguity of protection/segregation, sacred lives/non-crying lives, reiterating social, political and economic (in)visibilities of certain bodies.
Keywords: Protection mask; pandemic; intersectionalities.
tramas da cidade
Authors: Da Silva Nunes Bruna , De Quintana Estacio Denise
Published: April 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise do conto “Capítulo dos chapéus”, publicado por Machado de Assis em 1883 na revista A Estação, a partir da maneira como os itens do vestuário e os espaços da cidade são integrados à narrativa e quais são suas implicações na construção das personagens Marianna e Sophia. Para tanto, as metodologias adotadas foram a pesquisa em fontes primárias e a pesquisa bibliográfica, com ênfase em estudos compreendidos pelas áreas da moda e da história urbana. Dentre outras conclusões, observa-se, por meio dessa leitura, que a representação do vestuário e do espaço urbano em “Capítulo dos chapéus” não se presta somente à descrição de ambiente e personagens, constituindo um expediente estético que estrutura a trama.
Vade retro, Corona!
Authors: Santos Maia Rosemere
Published: April 2022

Resumo
O presente artigo apresenta reflexões a respeito do modo como o Coronavírus – tratado metaforicamente como Diabo –, introduziu-se no cotidiano de todos os habitantes do Planeta, alterando formas de apropriação e vivências espaciais, impondo novas rotinas e práticas ritualizadas, gerando medo e incertezas em relação ao futuro.  Vexação, obsessão, possessão e infestação – expressões de ataque demoníaco derivadas da tradição católica –, serão aqui “secularizadas”, assim como os rituais referidos no texto romperão com barreiras que contrapõem racional e lógico versus não racional e místico. As diferentes áreas/instâncias da vida em que o Coronavírus exerceu seu poder (para além da saúde, stricto sensu) merecerão problematização, tendo como elementos empíricos dados derivados de um questionário on-line aplicado a usuários do Facebook, além de “memes” que estiveram presentes, durante 2020, na mesma rede social. 
Palavras-chave: Pandemia, Coronavírus, Rituais, Exorcismo, Espacialidades.
 
 Abstract
The article herewith puts forward considerations on how the Coronavirus – metaphorically treated as  “the Devil” – has mingled with peoples’ ordinary lives worldwide, changing forms of appropriation and spatial experiences, imposing new ritualized routines and practices, bringing about fear and uncertainty about the future. Vexation, obsession, possession and infestation – expressions of demonic onslaught embedded in the Catholic tradition – will here be “secularized.” Likewise, the rituals referred in the text will break down barriers that oppose the rational and logical versus the non-rational and mystical. The different areas or instances where the Coronavirus has weighed down its power beyond the area of health (in its strict sense) will demand critical thinking based on empirical data included in an online questionnaire addressed to Facebook users, in addition to “memes” that have been added since 2020.
Keywords: Pandemics, Coronavirus, Rituals, Exorcism, Spaciality.
Sociologia à escala individual, psicologias e neurociências
Authors: Lahire Bernard
Published: April 2022

Resumo

A tradição sociológica francesa há muito tempo considera o “indivíduo” como uma realidade situada fora de sua área de compreensão e investigação. Segundo Durkheim, o indivíduo é um objeto psicológico por excelência. A sociologia há muito tempo favorece o estudo dos coletivos (grupos, classes, categorias, instituições, microcosmos), sugerindo que o indivíduo era uma realidade que, por si só, ficava aquém do social. O artigo discute um método, a partir de meados da década de 1990, de pesquisar a sociologia em uma escala individual. Essa abordagem está essencialmente inserida na tradição sociológica francesa, de Durkheim a Bourdieu, via Halbwachs, apesar das inflexões e críticas que possam existir nessa tradição, ao mesmo tempo em que ela se baseia no principal conhecimento teórico da sociologia relacional e focada em processos de Norbert Elias. A partir da realização empírica na reflexividade metodológica e teórica, este programa de pesquisa tem progredido em diálogo com vários tipos de conhecimento científico mais classicamente orientados para o indivíduo e suas realidades mentais, como a psicologia cultural, a psicanálise, a psicologia cognitiva ou as neurociências.

 

Palavras-chaves: Contextualista, disposicionalista, neurociências, psicologia, sociologia à escala individual.

 

Abstract                                        

The French sociological tradition has long regarded the ‘individual’ as a reality situated outside its area of intellection and investigation. According to Durkheim, the individual is a psychological object par excellence. Sociology has thus long favored the study of collectives (groups, classes, categories, institutions, microcosms), suggesting that the individual was a reality which, in itself, fell short of the social. The article discusses a method from the mid-1990s of researching sociology at an individual scale. This approach is essentially embedded in the French sociological tradition, from Durkheim to Bourdieu via Halbwachs, despite the inflections and criticisms it might have of this tradition, while also drawing on the main theoretical knowledge of Norbert Elias’ relational and process-focused sociology. From empirical realization in methodological and theoretical reflexivity, this research program has progressed in dialog with various types of scientific knowledge more classically oriented toward the individual and their mental realities, such as cultural psychology, psychoanalysis, cognitive psychology or the neurosciences.

Keywords: Contextualist, dispositionalist, neurosciences, psychology, sociology at the individual level.
Digital Data and Prosopography: Preliminary Results of the DaT18 Database
Authors: Nedici Radu
Published: April 2022

In terms of the naked figures, the public rise of the Greek Orthodox Church in mid-eighteenth-century Transylvania happened at an impressive pace. Between Empress Maria Theresa’s decree on toleration (1759) and the subsequent appointment of Dionisije Novaković to head the newly recognized religious body (1761), more than half a million people openly identified themselves as Greek Orthodox in nearly 1,000 parishes. While convincing explanations have already been given for why this religious choice had proved so successful, the questions connected to the creation of the rural clerical elite in only a matter of years still ask for answers. Reconstructing the collective biography of this social group was the main objective of a research project titled ‘Dissent and toleration in Habsburg Transylvania: A socio-political history of the Orthodox protests (1740s–1760s)’. The records created by the Habsburg state and those internal to the Transylvanian diocese provide historians with just enough elements to use prosopography as an investigative tool for better describing the Orthodox rural elites. A relational database available online since early 2020 on the project’s website (https://www.dat18.ro/en/database) allows the piecing together of the scattered information concerning clerical careers, thus escaping the gaps in knowledge that have until now plagued our understanding. This data sample is to be interrogated in order to answer two main questions: (i) to what extent was the rise of the Orthodox clergy the result of religious conflict? and (ii) how did this new elite make the transition from the age of contention to the free exercise of religious belief, given the institutional changes of the early 1760s? The DaT18 database enables complex analyses on close to 1,700 individuals identified after record linkage, which contribute to a deeper understanding about the time and place of their ordination, the consecrating bishop, labour migration and the clergy turnover rates during the 1760s, in turn raising new research questions.
The reproduction of traditional costumes in the framework of the museum actualization of folk rituals
Authors:   federal state budget institution of higher education «Kemerovo State University of Culture and Art», Polina V. Abramova
Published: April 2022

Traditional rituals that are lost in the environment of everyday life are now actively presented by museums in cultural and educational activities. Since the ceremony has not only an action, but also an objective side, traditional costumes are used during its presentation – festive and ritual. In order not to harm the museum object, reproductions of traditional costumes are made. The methods of reproduction of ethnographic costumes are replication and modeling. When creating reproductions, it is necessary to focus on the specifics of the object being recreated. From the standpoint of the semiotic approach, the traditional costume is symbolic in nature, it is a sign system. When reproducing a costume, not only its material side must be recreated, but also its content. The replica should reflect the cut, the way of wearing, the elements that make up the costume complex, the material, the color, the ornamentation, the decor of the original.
The concepts of the noosphere by V. I. Vernadsky and P. Teilhard de Chardin in the cultural space of Russia
Authors:   federal state budget educational institution of higher education «Saint Petersburg State University of Culture», Ilya Y. Aleksandrov
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the changes in the perception of the concepts of the noosphere by V. I. Vernadsky and P. Teilhard de Chardin in the national culture. Three periods of perception of these concepts of the noosphere in the domestic cultural space are investigated: the Soviet period, the period of Gorbachev’s «perestroika» and the nineties of the XX century, the period of the first two decades of the XXI century. The article disputes the thesis about the influence of the concept of the noosphere by P. Teilhard de Chardin on the teachings of V. I. Vernadsky about the transition of the biosphere into the noosphere. The article argues that the perception of the concepts of the noosphere by V. I. Vernadsky by P. Teilhard de Chardin in the domestic cultural space of the XXI century has undergone changes under the influence of the growth of the authority of transhumanism. It is demonstrated how the idea of the noosphere of V. I. Vernadsky acquires religious outlines under the influence of the ideas of N.F. Fedorov and his followers. The article shows that the concept of the noosphere remains syncretic.
Altai scientist heritage A. V. Anokhin in offline- and online-formats
Authors:   federal state budget educational institution of higher education «Saint Petersburg State University of Culture», Anastasia А. Chernova
Published: April 2022

The famous Altai scientist-ethnographer Andrei Viktorovich Anokhin heritage was dispersed among the museums and archives of Russia due to some historical circumstances. In this regard, an attempt has been made to put value of its availability for using in scientific and educational purposes. The author gives a brief description of the main collections and funds that make up the heritage of the scientist. The article reviews collections of museums and archives of Barnaul, Gorno-Altaysk, Tomsk, Saint-Petersburg. To designate the totality of available information about the person under study the author uses the term «personal heritage», interpreted as a set of memorial value sources and belonging directly to a person or revealing his social, scientific, creative and cultural ties. Drawing on a comparative analysis of personal heritage materials in «offline» and «online» formats, the author concludes about necessity to create a unified resource – a personal digital archive, which would compile biographical, scientific, and creative material. In the article there is the structure of archive and the content of the information resource is substantiated.
COVID-19 DÖNEMİNDE SAĞLIK YÖNETİMİ VE HALKIN DAYANIKLILIĞININ ARTIRILMASI (GÜMÜŞHANE İLİ ÖRNEĞİ)
Authors: ULUTAŞDEMİR Nilgün , KULAKAÇ Nurşen , UZUN Sevda , NAZIR Ensar , ÇİFTÇİ Hasan
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırma İktisadi Kalkınma ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Derneği (İKSAD)’nin 30.06.2020 tarihli 56 karar numarası ile kabul olan “Uzmanların COVID-19 Mücadelesi ve Halkın Dayanıklılığının Artırılması (Gümüşhane İli Örneği)” isimli proje kapsamında yapılan tek grupta ön test – son test ölçümlü yarı deneysel olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın evrenini 10.07.2020-11.07.2021 tarihleri arasında Gümüşhane İli Merkez İlçe’de yaşayan bireyler oluşturmaktadır (N=20.692). Çalışmanın örneklemini belirlemek için OpenEpi programı ile %50 gözlenme oranı, %5 hata payı ve %99 güç aralığında örneklem hesabı yapıldığında 643 bireyin çalışmaya dahil edilmesi gerektiği belirlendi. Anket formlarını eksiksiz dolduran ve eğitime katılan 708 kişi ile çalışma tamamlandı. Kadınların erkeklere, evlilerin bekarlara göre BAÖ puan ortalamalarının yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Gümüşhane İli Merkez İlçe’de yaşayan bireylerin pandemi döneminde verilen eğitim sonrası bilgi puan ortalamalarında artış, BAÖ puan ortalamalarında düşüş olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bu araştırmada Gümüşhane İli Merkez İlçe’de yaşayan bireylerin COVID-19 pandemi döneminde verilen eğitim sonrası hafif düzeyde anksiyete yaşadıkları saptanmıştır.
Kerja sama Di Bidang Usaha Antar Koperasi Dan Kerja Sama Antar Koperasi Di Bidang Bukan Usaha
Authors: Rahmadana
Published: April 2022

Kerjasama, atau kooperasi merujuk pada praktik seseorang atau kelompok yang lebih besar yang bekerja di khayalak dengan tujuan atau kemungkinan metode yang disetujui bersama. Kerjasama Koperasi adalah hubungan antara perkumpulan yang beranggotakan orang-orang atau badan-badan hukum, baik antara koperasi dengan koperasi maupun koperasi dengan bukan koperasi dan di bidang usaha atau bukan di bidang usaha, karena membutuhkan bantuan orang lain atau organisasi lain dalam rangka meningkatkan kegiatan usahannya. Koperasi Di Indonesia bekerjasama dengan baik dengan sesama koperasi maupun dengan badan usaha lain yang bukan koperasi. Kerjasama dibidang usaha antar koperasi dapat dilakukan dengan cara membentuk organisasi baru yang berbadan hukum. Adapun kerja sama koperasi dengan pihak lain dapat dibagi tiga, yaitu : kerja sama di bidang usaha antarkoperasi, kerja sama bukan di bidang usaha antarkoperasi, dan kerja sama koperasi dengan bukan koperasi.
HUBUNGAN DAN PEMBAGIAN KERJA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KOPERASI
Authors: Rahmadana
Published: April 2022

Masyarakat merupakan sebuah organisasi yang merupakan kumpulan dari sejumlah individu yang tentunya memiliki visi dan misi yang sama dalam menjalani kehidupan, Sebelum terjun kedalam sebuah masyarakat. Koperasi adalah saka guru atau tiang utama penyangga ekonomi rakyat banyak.  Organisasi Koperasi merupakan lembaga yang bergerak dalam bidang bisnis (ekonomi) yang pembentukkannya secara esensi didasarkan pada menolong dirisendiri melalui solidaritas, effort dan individualitas, dalam menjalankan organisasi dan perusahaan. Bagi Masyarakat Indonesia sendiri, Koperasi sudah tidak asing lagi, karena masyarakat banayak yang sudah merasakan jasa Koperasi dalam rangka keluar dari kesulitan hutang lintah darat. Adapun salah satu ciri koperasi yaitu merupakan kumpulan orang-orang atau badan hukum koperasi. Struktur Organisasi dalam koperasi terdiri dari rapat anggota, pengurus, pengawas, dan manajer atau pengelola. Pembagian Kerja/tugas dalam koperasi dibagi sebagai pengurus, ketua umum, wakil ketua umum, sekretaris, bendahara, wakil ketua bidang usaha, dan pengawas. Adapun hubungan kerja dalam koperasi yaitu hubungan antara anggota dan pengurus, hubunga antara anggota dan badan pemeriksaan, dan hubungan antara pengurus dan badan pemeriksa.
Leadership
Authors: Steffens Niklas K , Fransen Katrien , Haslam S. Alexander
Published: April 2022

Not applicable to this chapter
A Glance on Human-Wildlife Conflict: Basanta Community Forest of Kailali District
Authors: Joshi Dilanand
Published: April 2022

This study focuses on various aspects of Human-wildlife conflict in Basanta community forest of Kailali district. The human wildlife conflict is at increasing trend and has become one of the challenging problem for the ruralcommunities. The main objective of this study was to explore over all the human-wildlife conflict events in the study area. Focus group discussion, Key informant survey and questionnaire survey were carried out during data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis such as percentage, mean, frequency etc. and were presented in figures, bar diagrams and charts. This study showed that the crop damage, property damage, livestock damage were common and the wild animals like elephant, wild boar, blue bull, tiger, deer were more responsible for the conflict in the recent years.

Socio-economic indicators such as gender status, educational level, religion, land tenureship, income source, and ethnicity were calculated. The major crops grown in the area were rice, wheat, maize, masuro, sugarcane etc. According the respondents, rice, wheat, maize had been damaged mostly during the previous year. Except elephant, blue bull and wild boar was the most problematic animal during the season.Managed compensation schemes, Environmental awareness programs and public participation are the major aspects that should be considered to mitigate the human wildlife conflict in the area.
Upanishadic Vision in T. S. Eliot's Poems and Plays
Authors: Bhatta Damaru Chandra
Published: April 2022

The objective of this paper is to explore how T. S. Eliot's writings reflect the vision of the Upanishads. This paper examines the extent to which his writings are similar to the philosophy of the Upanishads. His major poems and plays recall the ideas of the non-dualistic or monistic Vedic vision of the Upanishads. So far as one has a dualistic- bent of mind, he cannot be free from the cycle of death and rebirth, or pain and pleasure. Peace and bliss comes from the meditation of the Self within the heart. This article traces Eliot's personal quest for understanding the meaning of human existence and the spiritual essence of life.
Norman Fairclough's Views on Language and Globalization
Authors: Jora Man Bahadur
Published: April 2022

This article is based on Fairclough's views on language and globalization. There are eight subtopics in it. In subtopic 1, there is given a short introduction about the author. In subtopic 2, globalization is discussed in general. In subtopic 3, views on discourse as a facet of globalization in the academic literature are summarized dealing with an approach based upon a version of critical discourse analysis and cultural political economy. In subtopic 4, different strategies of globalization (and regionalization) emanating from governmental and non-governmental agencies, and the different discourses which constitute elements of these strategies are discussed. In subtopic 5, the idea of re-scaling is discussed. Moreover, the national scale in its relation to the global scale and the scale of international regions is presented. In subtopic 6, the media and mediation are dealt for discussion. In subtopic 7, people's ordinary experience of globalization, and its implications for and effects upon their lives is discussed. Finally, subtopic 8 has focused war and terrorism. This article has emphasized some concepts related to globalization such as modernization, democracy, markets, free trade, flexibility, liberalization, security, terrorism, cosmopolitanism and so forth.
हरि साई कृष्न साईको भारत
Authors: फुलारा Fulara टीकाराम Tikaram
Published: April 2022

प्रस्तुत आलेखमा हरि साई कृस्न साईको भारतको सङ्कलन गरी अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यस क्रममा सङ्कलनस्थल, प्रमुख बाचक र सहभागीहरूको परिचय दिई भारतको परिचय, पाठ, सन्दर्भ र आशय अर्थात् निष्कर्ष दिइएकोछ । प्रत्येक पृष्ठको अन्त्यमा उक्त पृष्ठमा प्रयुक्त स्थानीय कठिन शब्दहरूको नेपाली भाषामा अर्थ खुलाइएको छ ।
मानव इतिहास र लैंगिकता निर्माण {Building human history and sexuality}
Authors: भूषाल Bhusal शान्ति पोख्रेल Shanti Pokhrel
Published: April 2022

शारीरिक असमानताकै आधारमा समाजले लैंगिकता निर्माण गरी महिला र पुरुषलाई फरक फरकदायित्व सुम्पिन्छ । पुरुषलाई परिवारका निम्ति दानापानी जुटाउने र सुरक्षाको प्रत्याभूत गराउने कार्य सुम्पन्छ भने महिलालाई घरभित्रको व्यवस्थापन । यस कार्यले समाजमा सार्वजनिक र निजी परिधि खडा हुन्छ । जसले पुरुषलाईसाहसी र सर्वशक्तिमान बनाउँछ तर महिलालाई हीनताबोधका साथै शक्तिविहीनताको अवस्था सृजना गराउँछ । परिणामस्वरुप समाजमा असमानता विभेद तथा अन्यायकोे जन्म हुन्छ । सरल अवस्थाका सरल नियमहरु क्रमिक रुपमा जटिलतातर्फ उन्मुख हुन्छन् । स्त्रीपुरुषबिचका विभेद तथा अन्याय चरम सीमामा पुग्छन् । असमान शक्तिसम्बन्ध स्थापित हुन्छ । त्यसका विरुद्ध महिलाहरु हक, अधिकार प्राप्तिका निम्ति संघर्षमा उत्रन्छन् । केही मात्रामा सफलता प्राप्त हुन्छ । तर सदियौंदेखि जरा गाडेर रहेको परम्परा र रुढिवादिताले प्राप्त अधिकारको कार्यान्वयनमा बाधा पुर्याइरहन्छन् । त्यसबाट छुटकारा प्राप्त गर्न महिला पुरुष दुवैको मनोविज्ञानमा पितृसत्तात्मक सोचमा सकारात्मक परिवर्तन आवश्यक छ ।

{On the basis of physical inequality, society constructs sexuality and assigns different responsibilities to men and women. Men are entrusted with the task of raising funds for the family and guaranteeing security, while women are entrusted with the management of the house. This action creates a public and private circle in the society. Which makes men brave and omnipotent but makes women feel inferior as well as powerless. As a result, inequality, discrimination and injustice are born in the society. The simple rules of simple conditions gradually lead to complexity. Discrimination and injustice between men and women reach extremes. Unequal power relations are established. Against that, women are fighting for their rights. Success is achieved to some extent. But centuries-old traditions and conservatism continue to hamper the exercise of rights. To get rid of that, a positive change in the patriarchal thinking in the psychology of both men and women is necessary.}
BEHAVIORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CONSUMERS OF TOURISM PRODUCTS
Authors: Atakishiyeva Leyla Shukur
Published: April 2022

The main purpose of the study. In the context of the development of tourism enterprises in Azerbaijan, it is necessary to identify rational directions for the use of marketing opportunities both at the company and state levels. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set: •Assess the role of marketing in marketing an innovative product; •Determining the behavioral characteristics of consumers of tourism products; •Study of experience in the application of marketing technologies in the tourism industry. Research methodology. Organizes research on the competitiveness of national tourism enterprises in domestic and international markets and generalizations from world experience in this field. Importance of research application. Adoption of the concept on development of national cluster of state tourism marketing policy, creation of normative-legal base in accordance with the concept of tourism development in each field included in tourism cluster on the basis of world experience and international tourism standards, development and adoption of "Tourism development in Azerbaijan" program, makes it necessary to carry out activities such as the regulation of tourism activities. The results of the study. The state's tourism policy must be developed and implemented in terms of time and space. In terms of time, we mean short-term and long-term tourism policies. As a result, the state's tourism policy serves to increase the efficiency of the national tourism cluster and increase the competitiveness of this sector of the national economy. Originality and scientific novelty of the research. In order to develop the national tourism cluster in Azerbaijan, a set of practical measures for tourism marketing activities for local tourism companies and the Government of Azerbaijan is being developed.
CONSUMPTION, SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT IN THE LIGHT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Avtandil Chutlashvili
Published: April 2022

The paper considers the issues of post-crisis economic recovery and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on consumption, savings and investments. The indicators of consumption, savings and investment are studied on the example of three groups of countries. In particular, the G 7 countries, the group of countries from G 20 and the three countries of the South Caucasus. A certain synchronicity has been established between the upheavals of the early 20th and 21st centuries, which is 11 years. It is concluded that for further sustainable economic development and rapid economic recovery, it is necessary to focus on new growth drivers.
Monitor and censor. Intelligence networks and journalistic censorship in revolutionary Mexico, 1911-1923
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Méndez Lara Francisco Iván
Published: April 2022

Controlling information and keeping an eye on enemies were two fun-damental activities for the different revolutionary factions in the revolu-tionary decade (1910-1920) and in the early years of the post-revolutionary stage. The armed struggle has aspects that have been little explored and that reflected the concern to watch over and censure its en-emies. Francisco I. Madero failed in his attempts to neutralize the op-position forces; Venustiano Carranza, on his part, managed to monopo-lize information and build the foundations of intelligence networks that would make it possible for the Carrancistas to stop possible uprisings. The assassination of Carranza in May 1920, far from ending these prac-tices, led the new group in power ― headed by Generals Álvaro Obregón and Plutarco Elías Calles, as well as Adolfo de la Huerta ― to improve their confidential intelligence services and closely monitor the opposition press.
Intercepción de la precipitación en Pinus engelmannii Carr. y Quercus rugosa Née en el Ejido Adolfo Ruiz Cortines, Pueblo Nuevo, Durango
Authors:   Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de El Salto, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Domínguez-Gómez Tilo Gustavo , Vicente-Juan Sarely , Velásquez-Ortíz Edgar Giovanni , Córdova-Delgado Edgar Samuel , Cantú Silva Israel ,   Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Yáñez-Díaz María Inés , Hernández Francisco Javier , Colín José Guadalupe
Published: April 2022

Whith the purpose to determine the percentage of the incident precipitation, direct precipitation, stem runoff, interceptation lossesand physiochemical properties of rainfall in Pinus engelmannii Carr. and Quercus rugosa Née, 30 rain events were analyzed withinfragment of the Adolfo Ruiz Cortines Ejido, in the municipality of Pueblo Nuevo, Durango. Where a plot of 2500 mwasestablished to measure the hydrological properties during the period from May 05, 2018 to December 07, 2018. The results showedan incident precipitation of 856.24 mm. The direct precipitation in P. engelmannii Carr. and Q. rugosa Née represented the 72.11 %and 79.40 %, respectively. With an average of 75.76 % of the total precipitation. The stem runoff represented the 0.46 % and 0.11 %while the canopy interception showed 27.42 % and 20.27 % in P. engelmannii and Q. rugosa, respectively. The analysis ofthroughfall indicated that the maximum value of pH in the incident precipitation was 6.78 in direct precipitation in P. engelmannii,5.78 and in Q. rugosa 6.78. The stem runoff in P. engelmannii showed a pH of 6.08 and in Q. rugosa of 7.51. The electricconductivity of the stem runoff was 84.63 μS cmin P. engelmannii and of 170 μS cmin Q. rugosa; higher values compared toincident precipitation and to the direct precipitation in both species. The structure of the vegetation cover, the conformation of thetrees and the type of precipitation influence the amount of precipitation that reaches the soil ground.
Association between Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU) and H. Pylori Infection: A Single Center Case-Control Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Akter Bilqis
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Some studies have shown the possible involvement of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in chronic idiopathic urticaria, but the relationship remains controversial. The aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the association between H. pylori infection and chronic idiopathic urticaria.

Material & Methods: A case-control type of analytical study was conducted in the department of Dermatology and Venereology, Naval Base Hospital (BNS Patenga), Chattogram, Bangladesh for duration of 06 months. Total 50 patients were enrolled in this study. 25 Patients of CIU with no identifiable cause were taken as case and patients without urticaria were taken as control, attending in the outpatient department. H. pylori infection was confirmed by Serum IgG for H. pylori test.

Results: The result shows that Helicobacter pylori significantly affect a high percentage of patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and response to eradication therapy was evident in more patients in whom H. pylori were eradicated.

Conclusion: The study shows that Helicobacter pylori significantly affects a high percentage of patients with CIU. Response to eradication therapy was evident in more patients in whom H. pylori was eradicated while few patients showed no response despite eradication of H. pylori. The result of this study suggests that H. pylori infection should be included in diagnostic work up of patients with no response to usual treatment for CIU.

CBMJ 2021 January: vol. 10 no. 02 P: 75-79
Basal Cell Carcinoma at the Tip of the Nose – A Case Report
Authors: Biswas Binoy Krishna , Karim Khan Md Manzur Ul , Islam Md Shahidul , Islam Nahida
Published: April 2022

Skin cancers contribute very less to the total number of carcinomas. Particularly when on the face or exposed parts affect cosmetically more than functionally. Basal Cell Carcinoma over face is a locally destructive malignancy of the skin which rarely metastasizes. Basal cell carcinomas are the most common type of cancer in Europe, Australia, and the USA. A case of basal cell carcinoma is reported here in an adult female living in a rural area, who came for cosmetic purpose in the Department of Dermatology & Venereology, Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B) Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh and was transferred to the Department of Otolaryngology & Neck-Head Surgery of the same institution for better management. She was treated with best of the modalities available, i.e., wide local excision with local Nasolabial flap reconstruction with follow up.

CBMJ 2021 January: vol. 10 no. 02 P: 115-117
THE PROBLEM OF NATIONAL IDENTITY AND CREATIVE INDIVIDUALITY IN THE PROSE OF VASYL STUS AND CZESłAW MIŁOSZ
Authors: Mykhailova Tetiana
Published: April 2022

In a typological way, the paper considers the problem of preservation/loss of the writer’s individuality, with a focus on the national identity as its essential component, on the example of the self-published texts of Ukrainian and Polish literature, in particular the essay by Czesław Miłosz “Alpha, or Moralist” from the book “The Captive Mind” and literary-critical research work by Vasyl Stus “Phenomenon of the Age (Ascent to Calvary of Glory)”. Both for Vasyl Stus and Czesław Miłosz the native language is a matter of special importance as well as their attachment to the homeland, which is expressed in the awareness of the impossibility to fully realize their talents abroad. In the context of the totalitarian system, which perceived art as a means of asserting ideology, the paper analyzes image features of a famous prose writer Jerzy Andrzejewski and outstanding poet Pavlo Tychyna in the texts of their contemporaries Cz. Miłosz and V. Stus. The main issues are the motive of disguise and pretending to be another, the peculiarities of creative work aiming at pleasing the authorities as a conscious apostasy from one’s own “I”. The role of a state writer leads to the destruction of the writer’s individuality, in particular his national identity (in the “Phenomenon of the Age”), turning the artist into a ‘dead’ person-function. V. Stus and Cz. Miłosz are similar in their desire to understand the writers represented in their texts, to interpret them as victims of the system. Attention is drawn to the difference in the narration of the compared texts: if Cz. Miłosz presents the story about J. Andrzejewski keeping some emotional distance, V. Stus is deeply concerned about the loss of P. Tychyna’s poetic individuality, and with it – national identity, perceiving the tragedy of Ukrainian literature as personal harm. б e question of national identity in the work by Cz. Miłosz is not actually raised, while in V. Stus’s one it is presented quite clearly in its historical continuity as a fundamental problem of the Ukrainian culture.
SAFRank: Multi-Agent based Approach for Internet Services Selection
Authors: Rabbani Imran Mujaddid , Aslam Muhammad , Martinez-Enriquez Ana Maria
Published: April 2022

In the era of modern world, organization are preferring to adopt smart solutions for their business tasks and managing huge and complex transactions. These solutions are provided through online application infrastructures of Internet of Things (IoT), cloud, fog, and edge computing. In the presence of numerous prospects, the selection benchmark for such offers becomes vibrant, especially, when there is no supportive platform available. Prevailing approaches provide services by evaluating the quality of service parameters, K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) classifications, k-mean clustering, assigning scores, trustworthiness and fuzzy logic techniques on customer's feedback. However, these approaches classically depend on seeker’ feedback and do ‘not consider interrelationship between the services. Secondly, these techniques do not follow standards derived by well-known organizations like National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), International Organization for Standards (ISO), and IEEE. Feedback may be self-generated or biased and leading to inappropriate recommendation to end users. To resolve the issue, we propose multi agent based approach using service association factor that computes interrelationship values among services appearing together in a package as SAFRank and evaluates it on standards along with dynamically defined quality of service parameters. It assists seekers to select the best services on their preferences from pool of IoT and internet services. The technique is tested on leading cloud vendors and results show that it meets the desires of service seekers in all service models in an efficient manner.