bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical screening, antioxidant study and hematinic property of Mojeaga herbal remedy using animal model
Authors: Idu MacDonald , Alugeh Monday Ojeaga , Alugeh Micheal Ojeaga , Gabriel Benjamin Ogunma
Published: February 2022

Background

Plants have been used as medicine since ancient time and contributed immensely to health care delivery system globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytoconstituents, antioxidant and hematinic property of Mojeaga herbal remedy (Alchornea cordifolia, Sorghum bicolorandPennisetum glaucum) in animal model. Standard protocols were used to analyze the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical, gas chromatography mass spectrum (GC–MS), andin vitroantioxidant studies (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity were also used to assess these plants. Ninety Wistar rats of both sexes were selected for this study. They were administered with 40 mg/kg phenylhydrazine hydrochloride to induce anemia for 5 days afterward treated with oral dose of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ml/kg Mojeaga herbal remedy for 10 days. Hematological, CD4 and CD8, and histology of the blood and bone marrow were analyzed.

Results

The phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids and phenol. Flavonoids and phenol were more in abundant (917 and 1445 mg/kg). The GC–MS analysis shows the presence of disulfide, dimethyl, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 1-Dodecanol, 10-Phenyldecanoic acid, 8-Phenyloctanoic acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid and 15-Hydroxypentadecanoic acid. The antioxidant scavenging property showed the potential capacity of the herbal remedy to scavenge free radicals against oxidative stress at 24%, 53.8% 1609.9 µM Fe II/ g extract when compared with ascorbic acid. The hematological indexes showed a significant increase in red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations, mean corpuscular volume, CD4 and CD8 count at day 10 of the male and female rats with the values of RBC (6.72, 7.34, 7.10 × 106/ul) (6.78, 6.75, 6.79 × 106/ul), hematocrit (47.8, 51.5, 49.75%) (48.05, 44.80, 44.60%) and hemoglobin (16.5, 18.05, 17.1 g/dl) (16.6, 15.6, 15.75 g/dl) when compared with the control (p < 0.05). The histo-architectural structure of the bone marrow showed a stimulating effect of myeloid/erythroid cell ratio > 60 in the treatment groups when compared with 40 mg/kg phenylhydrazine alone.

Conclusions

In conclusion, mojeaga herbal remedy elicited hematinic property that validated the folklore report; hence, further evaluation will be required.
Intertextuality and trivialisation in subcultural depictions of violence and criminality related to mental disorders: the case of Spanish punk music
Authors: Pavez Fabian , Saura Erika , Marset Pedro
Published: February 2022

Previous research remarks on the role of the mass media in shaping our world-view and values. It is relevant for the psychiatric field since the literature suggests that the media and artistic representations emphasise violent and criminal behaviours of people with mental disorders. In contrast to the study of other artistic manifestations, depictions in music are much less explored. This article examines the subcultural portrayals of psychiatry-related violent and criminal behaviours in Spanish popular music; particularly, the dimensions of intertextuality and trivialisation. These aspects are relevant since trivialisation may contribute to a distorted and oversimplified view of mental disorders, while intertextuality can play a role in the dissemination, amplification and reinforcement of social beliefs regarding psychiatric problems.
Life expectancy and years of potential life lost in bipolar disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chan Joe Kwun Nam , Tong CoCo Ho Yi , Wong Corine Sau Man , Chen Eric Yu Hai , Chang Wing Chung
Published: February 2022

Background

There is increasing research examining excess mortality in people with bipolar disorder using life expectancy and related measures, which quantify the disease impact on survival. However, there has been no meta-analysis to date summarising existing data on life expectancy in those with bipolar disorder.

Aims

To systematically review and quantitatively synthesise estimates of life expectancy and years of potential life lost (YPLL) in people with bipolar disorder.

Method

We searched Embase, Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases up to 31 March 2021. We generated pooled life expectancy using random-effects models, and derived YPLL summary estimate by calculating averaged values weighted by sample size of individual studies. Subgroup analyses were conducted for gender, geographical region, study period, a given age (set-age) for lifespan estimation and causes of death. The study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021241705).

Results

Eleven and 13 studies were included in the review for life expectancy (n = 96 601) and YPLL (n = 128 989), respectively. Pooled life expectancy was 66.88 years (95% CI 64.47–69.28; I2 = 99.9%, P < 0.001), was higher in women than men (70.51 (95% CI 68.61–72.41) v. 64.59 (95% CI 61.16–68.03); z = 2.00, P = 0.003) and was lowest in Africa. Weighted average YPLL was 12.89 years (95% CI 12.72–13.07), and was greatest in Africa. More YPLL was observed when lifespan was estimated at birth than at other set-age. YPLLs attributable to natural and unnatural deaths were 5.94 years (95% CI 5.81–6.07) and 5.69 years (95% CI 5.59–5.79), respectively.

Conclusions

Bipolar disorder is associated with substantially shortened life expectancy. Implementation of multilevel, targeted interventions is urgently needed to reduce this mortality gap.
Secondary Cytoreductive Surgery in Platinum-Sensitive Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Baek Min-Hyun , Park Eun Young , Ha Hyeong In , Park Sang-Yoon , Lim Myong Cheol , Fotopoulou Christina , Bristow Robert E.
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE

The survival impact of secondary cytoreductive surgery in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer was studied.

METHODS

We identified published studies from 1983 to 2021 following our inclusion criteria from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library. To integrate the effect size of single-arm studies, meta-analysis was performed using death rate as a primary outcome. The effect of complete cytoreduction and optimal cytoreduction on survival was evaluated using meta-regression. The pooled death rate was presented with a 95% CI. The publication bias was evaluated with the funnel plot and Egger's test, and sensitivity analysis was performed. To overcome missing death rates, the linear regression model was performed on log-transformed median overall survival (OS) time using study size as a weight.

RESULTS

Thirty-six studies with 2,805 patients reporting death rates were used for this meta-analysis of the 80 eligible studies. There was strong heterogeneity, with the P value of the Cochrane Q test of < 0.0001 and Higgins's I2statistics of 86%; thus, we considered a random effect model. The pooled death rate was 44.2% (95% CI, 39.0 to 49.5), and both the complete and optimal cytoreductions were associated with better survival outcomes as significant moderators in the meta-regression model ( P < .001 and P = .005, respectively). Although 14 studies were located outside the funnel plot, Egger's test indicated no publication bias ( P = .327). A sensitivity analysis excluding 14 studies showed similar results. In the linear regression model on the basis of 57 studies, the median OS time increased by 8.97% and 7.04% when the complete and optimal cytoreduction proportion increased by 10%, respectively, after adjusting other variables.

CONCLUSION

Secondary cytoreductive surgery, resulting in maximal tumor resection, significantly prolongs OS in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer.
Clinical Validity of Plasma-Based Genotyping for Microsatellite Instability Assessment in Advanced GI Cancers: SCRUM-Japan GOZILA Substudy
Authors: Nakamura Yoshiaki , Okamoto Wataru , Denda Tadamichi , Nishina Tomohiro , Komatsu Yoshito , Yuki Satoshi , Yasui Hisateru , Esaki Taito , Sunakawa Yu , Ueno Makoto , Shinozaki Eiji , Matsuhashi Nobuhisa , Ohta Takashi , Kato Ken , Ohtsubo Koushiro , Bando Hideaki , Hara Hiroki , Satoh Taroh , Yamazaki Kentaro , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Okano Naohiro , Terazawa Tetsuji , Kato Takeshi , Oki Eiji , Tsuji Akihito , Horita Yosuke , Hamamoto Yasuo , Kawazoe Akihito , Nakajima Hiromichi , Nomura Shogo , Mitani Ryuta , Yuasa Mihoko , Akagi Kiwamu , Yoshino Takayuki
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) genotyping may guide targeted therapy for patients with advanced GI cancers. However, no studies have validated ctDNA genotyping for microsatellite instability (MSI) assessment in comparison with a tissue-based standard.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The performance of plasma-based MSI assessment using Guardant360, a next-generation sequencing–based ctDNA assay, was compared with that of tissue-based MSI assessment using a validated polymerase chain reaction–based method in patients with advanced GI cancers enrolled in GOZILA study, a nationwide ctDNA profiling study. The primary end points were overall percent agreement, positive percent agreement (PPA), and negative percent agreement. The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy was also evaluated.

RESULTS

In 658 patients with advanced GI cancers who underwent both plasma and tissue testing for MSI, the overall percent agreement, PPA, and negative percent agreement were 98.2% (95% CI, 96.8 to 99.1), 71.4% (95% CI, 47.8 to 88.7), and 99.1% (95% CI, 98.0 to 99.7), respectively. In patients whose plasma samples had a ctDNA fraction ≥ 1.0%, the PPA was 100.0% (15/15; 95% CI, 78.2 to 100.0). Three patients with MSI-high (MSI-H) tumors detected only by ctDNA genotyping achieved clinical benefits after receiving anti–programmed cell death 1 therapy with the progression-free survival ranging from 4.3 to 16.7 months. One patient with an aggressive cancer of an unknown primary site benefited from pembrolizumab after rapid detection of MSI-H by ctDNA genotyping.

CONCLUSION

ctDNA genotyping was able to detect MSI with high concordance to validated tissue-based MSI testing, especially in patients with tumors that have sufficient ctDNA shedding. Furthermore, ctDNA genotyping enabled identification of patients with MSI-H tumors who benefited from immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.
The Role of Lipid Rafts and Membrane Androgen Receptors in Androgen’s Neurotoxic Effects
Authors: Fadeyibi Oluwadarasimi , Rybalchenko Nataliya , Mabry Steve , Nguyen Dianna H , Cunningham Rebecca L
Published: February 2022

Sex differences have been observed in multiple oxidative stress–associated neurodegenerative diseases. Androgens, such as testosterone, can exacerbate oxidative stress through a membrane androgen receptor (mAR), AR45, localized to lipid rafts in the plasma membrane. The goal of this study is to determine if interfering with mAR localization to cholesterol-rich lipid rafts decreases androgen induced neurotoxicity under oxidative stress environments. We hypothesize that cholesterol-rich caveolar lipid rafts are necessary for androgens to induce oxidative stress generation in neurons via the mAR localized within the plasma membrane. Nystatin was used to sequester cholesterol and thus decrease cholesterol-rich caveolar lipid rafts in a neuronal cell line (N27 cells). Nystatin was applied prior to testosterone exposure in oxidatively stressed N27 cells. Cell viability, endocytosis, and protein analysis of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mAR localization were conducted. Our results show that the loss of lipid rafts via cholesterol sequestering blocked androgen-induced oxidative stress in cells by decreasing the localization of mAR to caveolar lipid rafts.
Παραστασιακό άγχος και πάγωμα επί σκηνής: Ψυχομετρική αξιολόγηση και διαγνωστική επικύρωση κλείδας παρατήρησης παιδιών στην προεφηβεία για τον εκπαιδευτικό
Authors: Μαστροθανάσης Κωνσταντίνος , Κλαδάκη Μαρία
Published: February 2022

Η σχολική θεατρική παράσταση αποτελεί μία κορυφαία στιγμή δημιουργικής έκφρασης επιτελώντας πολλαπλές εκπαιδευτικές λειτουργίες και καλλιτεχνικούς σκοπούς. Ωστόσο, όσοι λαμβάνουν μέρος ως ηθοποιοί έρχονται αντιμέτωποι με πολλές δυσκολίες που πρέπει να ξεπεράσουν προκειμένου να υποστηρίξουν τον ρόλο τους, γεγονός το οποίο αποτελεί πηγή άγχους για τους ίδιους. Ορισμένα άτομα αισθάνονται άβολα στη σκηνή λόγω του άγχους που τους δημιουργείται από την κοινωνική τους έκθεση με αποτέλεσμα να δυσχεραίνεται η παιδαγωγική λειτουργία της παράστασης. Αν και είναι γενικά αποδεκτό ότι το άγχος αυτό μπορεί να λειτουργήσει θετικά, όταν υπάρχει σε τέτοιο βαθμό ώστε να κινητοποιεί το άτομο να λειτουργεί αποτελεσματικά, υποστηρίζεται ότι η έκθεση σε υπερβολικά αγχογόνες καταστάσεις δύναται να επιφέρει αρνητικές συνέπειες. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό η εποπτεία των επιπέδων του άγχους επί σκηνής κρίνεται επιτακτική. Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση ενός εργαλείου καταγραφής και αξιολόγησης των επιπέδων του παραστασιακού άγχους προεφήβων μαθητών, όταν οι τελευταίοι λαμβάνουν μέρος σε μία θεατρική παράσταση. Για την επίτευξη του σκοπού αξιοποιήθηκαν δεδομένα παρατήρησης από 792 μαθητές που έπαιζαν ρόλους σε σχολικές θεατρικές παραστάσεις. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης δημιουργήθηκε μέσω ψυχομετρικών μεθόδων μία σύντομη, αξιόπιστη και έγκυρη κλείδα παρατήρησης για τον εκπαιδευτικό και μέσω μεθευρετικών τεχνικών υπολογιστικής νοημοσύνης ένας διαγνωστικός μηχανισμός εντοπισμού επικίνδυνων επιπέδων παραστασιακού άγχους, παρέχοντας παράλληλα στοιχεία επιπολασμού για το φαινόμενο του παγώματος επί της σκηνής σε πληθυσμούς προεφήβων.
Ο χειρισμός της κούκλας για τη δημιουργία νοήματος: ένα πλαίσιο ανάλυσης πολυτροπικών αλληλεπιδράσεων παιδιών με προσφυγική εμπειρία
Authors: Παπαδοπούλου Μαρία , Βίτσου Μάγδα , Γκανά Ελένη
Published: February 2022

Το άρθρο εξετάζει την πολυτροπικότητα αλληλεπιδράσεων με και διά των κουκλών στο πλαίσιο ενός εκπαιδευτικού προγράμματος για παιδιά με προσφυγική εμπειρία. Το πρόγραμμα, που έλαβε χώρα σε τάξη ΔΥΕΠ στον Βόλο, είχε ως στόχο τη διευκόλυνση της μετάβασης  των παιδιών στο σχολείο με δημιουργικό και παιγνιώδη τρόπο (Almond, 2005˙ Calvert, & Sheen, 2015). Μία ποικιλία δράσεων με κούκλες πλαισιώνει την εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία και συμβάλλει στην επικοινωνία μεταξύ των παιδιών και των εμψυχωτριών.  Η εργασία μελετά την επικοινωνιακή συμπεριφορά των παιδιών με και διά των κουκλών και αναγνωρίζει τους γλωσσικούς και ενσώματους πόρους με τους οποίους τα παιδιά δημιουργούν νόημα και διαμεσολαβούν τη συμμετοχή τους στο εκπαιδευτικό δρώμενο. Αντλώντας από τη θεωρία της πολυτροπικότητας (Νοrris, 2004), αναλύονται βιντεοσκοπημένες αλληλεπιδράσεις και προτείνεται μια δομημένη κλίμακα με τους ποικίλους σημειωτικούς πόρους που συνεργούν κατά την επικοινωνία. Ενδεικτικό  επικοινωνιακό επεισόδιο επιχειρηματολογεί για τη λειτουργικότητά τους. Όπως προκύπτει από την παρούσα έρευνα, σε επίπεδο μεθοδολογίας η πολυτροπική ανάλυση επιτρέπει να αποτιμήσουμε τους διαφορετικούς επικοινωνιακούς τρόπους που χρησιμοποιούν οι συμμετέχοντες/ουσες  όταν μοιράζονται λίγους κοινούς γλωσσικούς πόρους.  Επίσης, τα ευρήματα της έρευνας καταδεικνύουν το θετικό ρόλο της κούκλας στην εμπλοκή του παιδιού στο επικοινωνιακό γεγονός, την υπόδειξη προθέσεων και την ανάδειξη στοιχείων της ταυτότητάς του.
Geniac: Automatic Configuration GENerator and Installer for nextflow pipelines
Authors: Allain Fabrice , Roméjon Julien , La Rosa Philippe , Jarlier Frédéric , Servant Nicolas , Hupé Philippe
Published: February 2022

With the advent of high-throughput biotechnological platforms and their ever-growing capacity, life science has turned into a digitized, computational and data-intensive discipline. As a consequence, standard analysis with a bioinformatics pipeline in the context of routine production has become a challenge such that the data can be processed in real-time and delivered to the end-users as fast as possible. The usage of workflow management systems along with packaging systems and containerization technologies offer an opportunity to tackle this challenge. While very powerful, they can be used and combined in many multiple ways which may differ from one developer to another. Therefore, promoting the homogeneity of the workflow implementation requires guidelines and protocols which detail how the source code of the bioinformatics pipeline should be written and organized to ensure its usability, maintainability, interoperability, sustainability, portability, reproducibility, scalability and efficiency. Capitalizing on Nextflow, Conda, Docker, Singularity and the nf-core initiative, we propose a set of best practices along the development life cycle of the bioinformatics pipeline and deployment for production operations which target different expert communities including i) the bioinformaticians and statisticians ii) the software engineers and iii) the data managers and core facility engineers. We implemented Geniac (Automatic Configuration GENerator and Installer for nextflow pipelines) which consists of a toolbox with three components: i) a technical documentation available at https://geniac.readthedocs.io to detail coding guidelines for the bioinformatics pipeline with Nextflow, ii) a command line interface with a linter to check that the code respects the guidelines, and iii) an add-on to generate configuration files, build the containers and deploy the pipeline. The Geniac toolbox aims at the harmonization of development practices across developers and automation of the generation of configuration files and containers by parsing the source code of the Nextflow pipeline.
Hydrogen and deuterium charging of lifted-out specimens for atom probe tomography
Authors: Khanchandani Heena , Kim Se-Ho , Varanasi Rama Srinivas , Prithiv TS , Stephenson Leigh T. , Gault Baptiste
Published: February 2022

Hydrogen embrittlement can cause a dramatic deterioration of the mechanical properties of high-strength metallic materials. Despite decades of experimental and modelling studies, the exact underlying mechanisms behind hydrogen embrittlement remain elusive. To unlock understanding of the mechanism and thereby help mitigate the influence of hydrogen and the associated embrittlement, it is essential to examine the interactions of hydrogen with structural defects such as grain boundaries, dislocations and stacking faults. Atom probe tomography (APT) can, in principle, analyse hydrogen located specifically at such microstructural features but faces strong challenges when it comes to charging specimens with hydrogen or deuterium. Here, we describe three different workflows enabling hydrogen/deuterium charging of site-specific APT specimens: namely cathodic, plasma and gas charging. All the experiments in the current study have been performed on a model twinning induced plasticity steel alloy. We discuss in detail the caveats of the different approaches in order to help future research efforts and facilitate further studies of hydrogen in metals. Our study demonstrates successful cathodic and gas charging, with the latter being more promising for the analysis of the high-strength steels at the core of our work.
Sosialisasi Halal dan Pendampingan Sertifikasi Halal untuk UMKM Kelurahan Simokerto
Authors: Ulfin Ita , Rahadiantino Lienggar , Harmami Harmami , Ni’mah Yatim Lailun , Juwono Hendro
Published: February 2022

Produksi produk halal menjadi kewajiban yang harus memenuhi syariat Islam, yaitu secara kebersihan, kualitas, dan keamanan proses produksi harus di bawah sistem manajemen mutu halal. Kebersihan menjadi hal penting dalam kajian halal meliputi kebersihan personal, peralatan, tempat produksi, dan proses produksi. Hal ini untuk memastikan produk aman untuk dikonsumsi.Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan memfasilitasi pelaku UMKM dalam proses perbaikan produksi dalam pendampingan sertifikasi halal. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah pelaku UMKM yang berlokasi di Kelurahan Simokerto, Kota Surabaya.Metode yang dilakukan, antara lain pendampingan awal, pelaksanaan, pendampingan, serta evaluasi keberlanjutan untuk mendapatkan sertifikasi halal pada UMKM. Berdasarkan kegiatan ini, dapat dihasilkan perbaikan produksi halal dan memfasilitasi pengajuan sertifikasi dan jaminan halal, tidak hanya pada penggunaan bahan baku, hingga menjamin proses produksi dan pemasaran menggunakan metode halal. Selain itu, tim pengabdi juga mendorong pelaku UMKM untuk meningkatkan kesadaran mendorong untuk menjamin kualitas halal pada produk yang telah diproduksi.
Pemetaan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah Jawa Timur Menuju Sertifikasi Halal Tahun 2024
Authors: Nasori Nasori , Indrawati Susilo , Endarko Endarko , Mashuri Mashuri , Prayitno Gontjang , Rubiyanto Agus
Published: February 2022

Pendampingan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) dimulai dengan pemetaan produk dan sosialalisasi Sistem Jaminan Produk Halal (SJPH) tahun 2021 berdasarkan hasil produksi dalam kategori risk dan non-risk. Kegiatan ini adalah bagian kegiatan masyarakat untuk pendampingan akses sertifikasi halal bagi UMKM Jawa Timur serta dokumen yang perlu disiapkan dalam rangka sertifikasi halal UMKM. Dari 319 jumlah responden dari workshop Jaminan Halal yang diselenggarakan Dinas KUKM Jawa Timur 2021, 17 peserta merupakan pelaku UMKM bidang kerajinan dan usaha lain (toko kelontong) dan 302 peserta merupakan pelaku UMKM bidang industri makanan dan minuman. 35,1% peserta pelatihan belum memiliki izin usaha apapun, yakni sebanyak 112 peserta.
Entrepreneurship Education Increases Entrepreneurial Intention Among Undergraduate Students
Authors: Astiana Melia , Malinda Maya , Nurbasari Anny , Margaretha Meily
Published: February 2022

Entrepreneurs play an important role in improving a country’s economy, shown by the increase in young people involved in startup businesses, including students. The young generation needs motivation through a good education to support their intention. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the role of entrepreneurship education in increasing entrepreneurial intention among business students. The data were obtained from 240 business students in Indonesia using a questionnaire. The study was conducted using descriptive methods and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Hypothesis testing showed that perceived desirability is the strongest variable on the entrepreneurial intention of business students. Furthermore, the R-Square test results showed that entrepreneurial intentions are positively and significantly influenced by perceived desirability and feasibility, the propensity to act, and entrepreneurship education by 61.12%. The remaining 38.88% is influenced by other variables outside this study. The key impact of this research is revealed perceived desirability and feasibility, the propensity to act and entrepreneurship education give positive entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students. Higher education has responsibility to nurture young generation to learn more about entrepreneurship. The increasing number of entrepreneurs can support government to improve the nation’s economy and society.
Addressing Nutrient Imbalances in Animal Agriculture Systems
Authors: Sharara Mahmoud , Kolesch Richard K. , Cortus Erin L. , Larson Rebecca A. , Classen John J. , Janni Kevin A.
Published: February 2022

Highlights

Animal agriculture intensification has greatly affected nutrient cycling and circularity in food production systems.

Various nutrient balance methods are developed to improve nutrient management at various spatial scales.

Balance-derived thresholds for action are identified using real-life examples in dairy production.

Outreach and knowledge exchange are critical for development, adoption, and improvement of nutrient balance methods.

Abstract. Animal agriculture is a major consumer and generator of both macro- and micronutrients. Intensification and regional concentration of animal production, due to economic and logistical advantages, have altered nutrient fluxes in agriculture systems, causing increased stock of nutrients in soils and, consequently, their emission to air and transport to surface water and groundwater. Established nutrient and manure planning frameworks, while effective in addressing nutrient point sources and using manure to enhance fertility and soil quality, have not been wholly successful in addressing farm- and region-scale challenges with nutrient concentrations. This review article addresses nutrient management issues associated with modern animal agriculture by advancing the use of nutrient budgets and balances. This is accomplished by establishing core concepts for nutrient budgets and balances as they apply to animal agriculture. Relevant spatial scales for these budgets are reviewed, including field, whole-farm, and watershed scales, along with proposed methodologies and data sources for each. This study also identifies existing region- and commodity-specific metrics (when available) for use as thresholds for corrective action toward more balanced nutrient budgets. Finally, recommendations for the community of practitioners, researchers, and educators are provided to address nutrient imbalance in animal agriculture systems. At farm and region scale, nutrient balance investments will be needed to strengthen accounting methodologies, develop appropriate data sources for measurements, identify thresholds for action, and apply the methods in appropriate settings and decisions. Data availability and uncertainty are recognized as key limitations facing wider adoption of these concepts, particularly considering data ownership and privacy concerns. The lack of transparent datasets that capture current animal production practices and their impact on manure composition and nutrient cycling is a gap facing these methodologies. The lack of engagement by practitioners and producers in the development phase of such tools greatly affects their adoption and utility. The need for continued engagement in establishing accepted methodologies, training, data collection, and education are crucial to establish farm- and region-scale methods and measure their value to nutrient planning over time. Keywords: Farm scale, Livestock, Manure nutrients, Nutrient budget, Poultry, Regional scale.
Parámetros temporales de las oclusivas sordas en un hablante con afasia de Broca y apraxia del habla: estudio de caso
Authors: Martínez Bielsa Paula
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo pretende analizar los parámetros temporales de las consonantes oclusivas sordas [p, t, k] en el habla espontánea de un hablante con afasia de Broca y apraxia del habla en tres momentos diferentes de su enfermedad, a fin de determinar el nivel de deterioro respecto a su producción sin patología, así como su evolución tras veintidós meses de terapia logopédica.  Las principales variables estudiadas han sido la duración consonántica, de la fase de silencio y del VOT. Los resultados estadísticos indican que los parámetros temporales presentan valores mayores a los observados en hablantes sin patología y que estos van en descenso a lo largo de la rehabilitación, especialmente para la realización bilabial. Las variaciones en la duración dependen, fundamentalmente, del punto de articulación y de los procesos de mantenimiento o debilitamiento de la sonoridad. Además, se ha advertido que las principales mejoras se han producido durante el periodo de recuperación espontánea y que las características acústicas de la realización bilabial se diferencian de las de las consonantes dental y velar, siendo la primera la que presenta los valores de duración más altos, así como los patrones de mejora más significativos.
Universidad y desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Vallespín Pérez David
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo analizar el papel decisivo que corresponde jugar a la universidad pública en cuanto al cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible contemplados en la Agenda 2030. Concretamente, desde la perspectiva del Objetivo Número 4 (Educación de Calidad), centraremos nuestra atención en el libre acceso a la educación superior y el papel de ascensor social que corresponde a la universidad; el diseño de un nuevo contrato social fundado, en buena medida, en el cumplimiento, bajo la cultura de la calidad, de las misiones universitarias; la política medioambiental que corresponde desarrollar a las instituciones de educación superior; la igualdad efectiva entre mujeres y hombres en el ámbito universitario; y la configuración de la universidad como espacio de integración y gestión de la diversidad, integrador y saludable.
Accuracy of peak-power compensation in fiber-guided and free-space acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Asadollahi Amir , Latifi Hamid , Zeynali Shahriar , Pramanik Manojit , Qazvini Hamed
Published: February 2022

Acoustic resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM) has gained much attention in the past two decades due to its high contrast, scalable resolution, and relatively higher imaging depth. Multimode optical fibers (MMF) are extensively used to transfer light to AR-PAM imaging scan-head from the laser source. Typically, peak-power-compensation (PPC) is used to reduce the effect of pulse-to-pulse peak-power variation in generated photoacoustic (PA) signals. In MMF, the output intensity profile fluctuates due to the coherent nature of light and mode exchange caused by variations in the bending of the fibers during scanning. Therefore, using a photodiode (PD) to capture a portion of the total power of pulses as a measure of illuminated light on the sample may not be appropriate for accurate PPC. In this study, we have investigated the accuracy of PPC in fiber-guided and free-space AR-PAM systems. Experiments were conducted in the transparent and highly scattering medium. Based on obtained results for the MMF-based system, to apply PPC to the generated PA signals, tightly focused light confocal with the acoustic focus in a transparent medium must be used. In the clear medium and highly focused illumination, enhancement of about 45% was obtained in the homogeneity of an optically homogeneous sample image. In addition, it is shown that, as an alternative, free-space propagation of the laser pulses results in more accurate PPC in both transparent and highly scattering mediums. In free-space light transmission, enhancement of 25-75% was obtained in the homogeneity of the optically homogeneous sample image.
Potential value of color vision aids for varying degrees of color vision deficiency
Authors: Rezeanu Dragos , Barborek Rachel , Neitz Maureen , Neitz Jay
Published: February 2022

Red–green color vision deficiency (CVD) is the most common single locus genetic disorder in humans, affecting approximately 8% of males and 0.4% of females [G. H. M. Waaler, Acta Ophthalmol. 5, 309 (2009)10.1111/j.1755-3768.1927.tb01016.x]; however, only about 1/4 of CVD individuals are dichromats who rely on only two cone types for color vision. The remaining 3/4 are anomalous trichromats whose CVD is milder, being based on three cone types, and who still perform remarkably well on many color-based tasks. To illustrate this, we have developed an algorithm that computes the relative loss of color discrimination in red-green CVD individuals with varying degrees of deficiency and accurately simulates their color experience for color normal observers. The resulting simulation illustrates the large gap in color discrimination between dichromats and even the most severe anomalous trichromats, showing that, relative to dichromats, the majority of anomalous trichromats can function without aids for color vision deficiency.
Tradisi Mamaca Madura Sepenggal Kearifan Bondowoso
Authors:   Universitas Jember, Rifa'i Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Mamaca merupakan salah satu jenis tradisi yang terdapat dalam masyarakat Madura. Mamaca berasal dari Bahasa Madura yang berarti “membaca”. Tradisi mamaca merupakan sebuah kegiatan membaca teks berupa cerita dengan cara ditembangkan (dinyanyikan), kemudian dijelaskan (diartikan). Cerita yang dibaca berupa tulisan Arab Melayu dan menggunakan Bahasa Jawa Keraton. Walaupun juga ditemui beberapa yang menggunakan bahasa campuran (Jawa dan Madura). Pada zaman dahulu tradisi mamaca tumbuh dan berkembang di tengah-tengah masyarakat, namun pada saat ini tradisi tersebut sudah terancam keberadaannya. Penyelenggaraan tradisi mamaca adalah hal yang langka dan jarang ditemukan dalam konteks kehidupan modern saat ini. Buku berjudul Tradisi Mamaca Madura Parry – Lord’s Perspective (Sepenggal Kearifan Bondowoso) hadir dengan tujuan untuk mengenalkan salah satu bentuk tradisi lisan (tradisi mamaca) yang ada pada masyarakat Madura pada salah satu daerah di Kabupaten Bondowoso dengan berlandaskan teori Parry-Lord guna mengungkap 1) bagaimana proses komposisi, pertunjukan, dan pewarisan yang ada dalam tradisi mamaca, 2) mengungkap adanya struktur formula dan ekspresi formulaik yang digunakan penembang dalam tradisi mamaca, 3) menampilkan tema-tema tembang macapat yang dilantunkan dalam tradisi mamaca, 4) mengungkap bagaimana hubungan versi tertulis dan versi lisan antara naskah macapat yang digunakan sebagai acuan penembangan dengan tembang yang didendangkan dalam tradisi mamaca, serta 5) menemukan apa saja fungsi nyata yang dapat diambil oleh masyarakat berkat dilaksanakannya tradisi mamaca, serta mengungkap fungsi yang terkandung dalam tembang macapat yang didendangkan dalam tradisi mamaca dengan berlandaskan teori Alan Dundes. Kehadiran buku ini ke hadapan pembaca merupakan jawaban terhadap kekosongan buku sejenis. Buku ini hadir dengan mengusung tema pelestarian terhadap budaya lokal agar terhindar dari kepunahan. Buku ini juga berguna sebagai sarana legalitas terhadap identitas suatu budaya yang nantinya akan dikenalkan pada dewan pembaca. Adanya buku ini diharapkan dapat menggugah niatan para pemuda agar lebih mencintai budayanya serta dapat bersama menggali potensi yang ada dengan menggunakan sarana atau kemampuan bidang yang dimiliki.
The impact of maternal obesity on newborn and maternal health status
Authors: Hassan J.M. , Abdulkareem Y.Z. , AlMukhtar S.H.
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Obesity and overweight are more common, especially among women of reproductive age. Therefore, the approach to maternal obesity requires a multidisciplinary approach, especially health professionals working in primary care preventive health services.

AIM: The aim of the study is to determine the effect of maternal obesity on maternal and newborn health in Al Khansaa Teaching Hospial, City of Mosul, Iraq.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study, which was planned as à case-control study, was conducted in the Al Khansa Teaching Hospital City of Mosul, Iraq.The inclusion criteria included women in postnatal period in the same Hospital, speaking and understanding Arabic, knowing her pre-pregnancy weight, not having any chronic disease (diabetes, hypertension, trioid diseases, etc.) before pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) 18.5–25, those with a BMI >29.9, and those with primary school or higher education were included. The exclusion criteria included multiple pregnancies, without any formal education, physical disability (that prevented the completion of the data collection forms), and mental health problems. Data were collected with the data collection form and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale.

RESULTS. The study was completed with 286 women, 142 cases and 144 control groups. There was no statistical difference between the case and control groups in terms of family type and employment status (p>0.050). While the mean age, pregnancy and number of living children of the women in the case group were statistically higher, their educational status was found to be lower (p<0.050). It was found that women with obesity experienced health problems such as urinary tract infection, anemia, gestational diabetes, psychological problems, and preeclampsia/gestational hypertension at a higher rate than women in the control group (p<0.010), and women in the control group gained 13.94±5.29 kg (p=0.001).

CONCLUSION In conclusion, it was found that women in the case group experienced pregnancy, early and late postpartum complications at a higher rate than the control group, while there was no difference between the groups in terms of depression at the end of the sixth week postpartum.
Beta-cell autophagy under the scope of hypoglycemic drugs; possible mechanism as a novel therapeutic target
Authors: Marzoog B. A. , Vlasova T. I.
Published: February 2022

Physiologically, autophagy is a major protective mechanism of β-cells from apoptosis, through can reserve normal β- cell mass and inhibit the progression of β-cells destruction. Beta-cell mass can be affected by differentiation from progenitors and de-differentiation as well as self-renewal and apoptosis. Shred evidence indicated that hypoglycemic drugs can induce β-cell proliferation capacity and neogenesis via autophagy stimulation. However, prolonged use of selective hypoglycemic drugs has induced pancreatitis besides several other factors that contribute to β-cell destruction and apoptosis initiation. Interestingly, some nonhypoglycemic medications possess the same effects on β-cells but depending on the combination of these drugs and the duration of exposure to β-cells. The paper comprehensively illustrates the role of the hypoglycemic drugs on the insulin-producing cells and the pathogeneses of β-cell destruction in type 2 diabetes mellitus, in addition to the regulation mechanisms of β-cells division in norm and pathology. The grasping of the hypoglycemic drug’s role in beta-cell is clinically crucial to evaluate novel therapeutic targets such as new signaling pathways. The present paper addresses a new strategy for diabetes mellitus management via targeting specific autophagy inducer factors (transcription factors, genes, lipid molecules, etc.).
ANÁLISE DO PADRÃO DE SEXO E FAIXA ETÁRIA DOS FALECIDOS DE CÂNCER DE ESÔFAGO NO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Silva Gabriel Rodrigues Rocha , Gurgel Helen , Sales Luiz Belino Ferreira
Published: February 2022

A pesquisa tem por objetivo descrever a dinâmica espaço-temporal dos óbitos por câncer de esôfago na região Sul do Brasil, a partir de sexo e faixa etária, durante os anos de 2007 a 2017, e segundo municípios de residência. A pesquisa trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de abordagem metodológica quantitativa. A distribuição temporal anual de casos é contínua e a distribuição espacial de taxas de mortalidade é concentrada nas mesorregiões do Noroeste Rio-Grandense, Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre e Centro Oriental Rio-Grandense para ambos os sexos. A maior mortalidade é masculina, seguindo a tendência mundial e brasileira. Se concentram na faixa etária dos 75-79 anos os óbitos femininos e aos 60-64 anos os masculinos no Rio Grande do Sul. No Paraná e em Santa Catarina, o ápice de óbitos de mulheres é na faixa dos 65-69 anos e o dos homens é aos 60-64 anos. Esta pesquisa atualiza o perfil epidemiológico da região.
Smart classroom preferences and information literacy among college students
Authors: Yu Liqin , Wu Di , Yang Harrison Hao , Zhu Sha
Published: February 2022

In recent years, smart classrooms have been widely constructed in colleges and universities. To help the design of student-centred smart classroom in compliance with students’ information literacy levels and enable all students to adapt to the smart classroom smoothly, this study utilised a quantitative method to investigate the information literacy and preferences for smart classroom learning environments (PSCLE) of 873 Chinese college students. The results indicated statistically significant effects of college students’ information literacy on the eight dimensions of students’ PSCLE (student negotiation, inquiry learning, reflective thinking, usefulness, ease of use, multiple sources, connectedness, functional design). In addition, three profiles could be identified regarding students’ information literacy. Students with a high level of information literacy obtained significantly higher scores on four of the critical dimensions of PSCLE (student negotiation, inquiry learning, reflective thinking and functional design) than those students with medium or low levels of information literacy. Based on the results, we suggest that college students’ information literacy and their PSCLE should be considered by researchers and education practitioners when designing, constructing and evaluating smart classroom learning environments.
Implications for practice or policy:

Schools should evaluate students’ information literacy and equip smart classrooms with various information communication technology devices to cater to students’ varying levels of information literacy.
Instructors or curriculum designers should develop differentiated instruction strategies and activities for students, in alignment with different levels of information literacy.
Institutions and organisations should reconsider evaluation criteria for smart classrooms and incorporate the improvement of students’ information literacy as an important indicator.
Personalised learning model for academic leveling and improvement in higher education
Authors: Hernandez Cardenas Lizette Susana , Castano Leticia , Cruz Guzman Cristina , Nigenda Alvarez Juan Pablo
Published: February 2022

This study's innovative objective was to develop a personalised learning model to equate students' entry level knowledge as they entered the School of Medicine and Health Sciences at Tecnologico de Monterrey in Mexico in 2019. This was necessitated by a difference in the depth and approach to preparatory content. The methodology focused on adapting the learning process to the students' specific knowledge requirements in cell biology and chemistry courses to enrich knowledge and improve academic performance. We implemented a diagnostic test at the start of the course to determine the students' level of mastery in these subjects. The students were allowed to learn at their own pace and were expected to improve their low initial scores by constructing their learning paths. The professor served as an advisor. At the end of the course the students retook the exam to measured the difference between the diagnostic test results and the terminal level of knowledge. The research design was non-experimental, observing the phenomenon as it occurred in the natural context, using an interval-type scale (quantitative) questionnaire. The analysis of the learning model's results showed an increase in the students' knowledge and satisfaction and demonstrated the model's usefulness for understanding educational content.
Implications for practice or policy:

This study presents a personalised learning model that emulates adaptive learning and provides flexibility and autonomy to students for acquiring knowledge.
The participating students self-assessed their entry level of knowledge in chemistry and biology via the online diagnostic test using Canvas, the learning management system (LMS) of Tecnologico de Monterrey.
The ability to asking questions to the professors, in synchronous feedback sessions, was facilitated by the interactive communication platform, to enrich the learning experience.
Asynchronous text-based communication in online communities of foreign language learners: Design principles for practice
Authors: Pais Marden Mariolina , Herrington Jan
Published: February 2022

Effective employment of information and communication technology (ICT) in foreign language teaching and learning has become imperative as a means to support second language development when traditional face-to-face instruction and interaction is not possible. Using a design-based research approach and a theoretical framework that integrates authentic learning and online communities of practice principles, this paper examines the nature and extent of students’ contributions to computer mediated communication (CMC) tools provided in an online Italian as a foreign language learning environment. This paper describes the context of the intervention strategy, the methodology used, and presents an analysis of themes emerging from the data relating to the use of multiple discussion forums to support interaction and collaboration within the online community of foreign language learners. The findings suggest that there was a substantial development in the way students used different discussion forums over the course of two consecutive iterative implementations of the online learning environment developed. The findings also show that, as time progressed, students felt increasingly more confident about communicating their ideas in writing in the target language to different groups of participants.
Implications for practice or policy:

The design principles and learning environment described in this study will assist foreign language educators to create their own pedagogical frameworks for language education in technology-based, authentic learning environments.
The design principles that emerged from this research will assist foreign language educators to support student interaction and collaboration in online communities of learners.
Foreign language students’ engagement with peers and native speakers will be enhanced by integrating the recommendations for encouraging purposeful and authentic student online interactions.
The epigenetic dimension of protein structure
Authors: Azzaz Fodil , Fantini Jacques
Published: February 2022

Accurate prediction of protein structure is one of the most challenging goals of biology. The most recent achievement is AlphaFold, a machine learning method that has claimed to have solved the structure of almost all human proteins. This technological breakthrough has been compared to the sequencing of the human genome. However, this triumphal statement should be treated with caution, as we identified serious flaws in some AlphaFold models. Disordered regions are often represented by large loops that clash with the overall protein geometry, leading to unrealistic structures, especially for membrane proteins. In fact, AlphaFold comes up against the notion that protein folding is not solely determined by genomic information. We suggest that all parameters controlling the structure of a protein without being strictly encoded in its amino acid sequence should be coined “epigenetic dimension of protein structure.” Such parameters include for instance protein solvation by membrane lipids, or the structuration of disordered proteins upon ligand binding, but exclude sequence-encoded sites of post-translational modifications such as glycosylation. In our view, this paradigm is necessary to reconcile two opposite properties of living systems: beyond rigorous biological coding, evolution has given way to a certain level of uncertainty and anarchy.
The relationship between melt structure and viscosity: the effect of different fluxes on CaO–SiO2 slags
Authors: Zhang Xiaobo , Liu Chengjun , Jiang Maofa
Published: February 2022

Na2O, CaF2, B2O3 are commonly used fluxes in metallurgical slags. These fluxes reduce the viscosity of slags are related to changing the melt structures. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation was used to analyze the main effects of Na2O, CaF2, and B2O3 respectively on the melt structure of the traditional CaO–SiO2 metallurgical slags. The results showed that since Na+ ions have only one charge, and the electrostatic restraint between the multi-charged ions and the depolymerized [SiO4]4− tetrahedrons cannot occur on Na+ ions. The overall mobility of the particles in the melt structure is improved with the replacement of Ca2+ with Na+. Therefore, the fluidity of CaO–SiO2–Na2O slags is stronger than that of CaO–SiO2, and the viscosity is reduced. F− ions mainly bond with Ca2+ ions to form complexes. The resulting Ca–F structures destroy the electrostatic restraint between Ca2+ ions and depolymerized depolymerized [SiO4]4− tetrahedrons in the Ca–O structures, and the fluidity of CaO–SiO2–CaF2 slags are improved. The effect of B2O3 on the melt structure of CaO–SiO2 is related to the basicity. In this study, when the value of basicity is 1.87, the addition of B2O3 increases the degree of polymerization of the CaO–SiO2 melt structure, and the viscosity may increases.