bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontal status of Tibetan refugees residing in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Mahajan Poonam , Veeresha K. L. , Mahajan Ajay
Published: January 2014

Objective: Oral health is an integral part of the general health, however, oral health has been given lower priority than other health problems especially among the underprivileged refugee population. Out of total refugees in the world, 70% of the refugees belong to Tibet. This study was taken up to assess the periodontal status and treatment needs of Tibetans residing in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India and to explore and suggest better oral health care delivery to them. Materials and Methods: Tibetans above the age of 12 years were included in this cross-sectional study. American Dental Association (ADA) Type-3 examination was conducted. Data regarding demography and oral health practices was recorded on a structured format. For recording periodontal status and treatment need index was used. The data was analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. Results: A total of 550 subjects were examined for CPITN. Maximum subjects 266 (48.3%) had a CPITN score of 2 (Calculus and other plaque retentive factors). 27% (149) subjects had healthy peridontium. Female periodontal status was worse than males. It was also found that mean number of healthy sextants was higher in subjects who brush twice a day (3.5) when compared to those who brush once a day (2.4). Conclusion: The study revealed poor periodontal status among Tibetans and dental treatment requirement steadily increased with the advancement of age and was also related to other factors like poverty, education, and their tough life where oral health is given no priority.
Pigmented natal teeth
Authors: Saruhan Nesrin , Demirci Tevfik , Yalcin Ertan
Published: January 2014

The presence of teeth at birth or within a month post-delivery is a rare condition. The exact etiology has not been proved yet, but there is a correlation between natal teeth and hereditary, environmental factors and some syndromes. A newborn 3-day-old male, with two mandibular incisor natal teeth was examined. The teeth were mobile and were extracted because of the fear of aspiration and refusal to feed. In this report, we present a case of pigmented natal teeth in mandible and treatment with extraction.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Autopsy Study
Authors: Sachdev Suchet , Pandit Shobhana Pravin
Published: January 2014

Aim

To find out prevalence and the associated predisposing etiologic conditions of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) amongst autopsied cases.

Setting and design

The present study was a retrospective analysis of 125 cases of ARDS obtained at autopsy over a span of 4 years from 2000-2003.

Materials and methods

Data was retrieved from the postmortem record of the pathology department and the medical record department. A review of histology slides was done with diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) as the correlate of ARDS at histopathology.

Results

Prevalence of ARDS amongst autopsied cases was 3.15%. There were 60% cases in adult age group and of male gender; whereas 40% were children and of female gender. Almost 90% of cases succumbed to ARDS within a week of admission. The most common presenting features were of the respiratory system. The most common predisposing etiologic association was leptospirosis, septicemia and pneumonia.

Conclusion

Systemic infections were the most common predisposing etiologic conditions of ARDS at autopsy.

How to cite this article

Sachdev S, Pandit SP. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: An Autopsy Study. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2014;48(1):8-13.
Research on Multi-Leg Inventory Control Based on Passenger Choice
Authors: Fan Wei , Qiubo Su , Ip W.H.
Published: January 2014

To remedy the lack of mathematical programming and the Expected Marginal Seat Revenue (EMSR) model for multi-leg seat inventory control, this paper proposes a method based on passenger choice. Except for data about which seats passengers decide to opt for, there is no need to obtain distributions of passengers' demands or other “a priori” information. The proposed method can discover the real factors that affect passengers' choices, and then estimate the probabilities of seat choices and the revenue according to the weights of the factors. Simulated experiments and comparison with the shadow price method and the virtual “bucket” method confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in seat inventory control for multi-leg flights.
A Methodology to Integrate Security and Cost-Effectiveness in ATM
Authors: Matarese Francesca , Montefusco Patrizia , Neves José , Rocha André
Published: January 2014

The objective of this paper is the definition of a new methodology for carrying out security risk assessment in the air traffic management (ATM) domain so as to enhance security awareness and integrate secure and cost-effective design objectives.

This process is carried out by modelling the system, identifying the assets, threats and vulnerabilities, prioritizing the threats and proposing cost-effective countermeasures for the weaknesses found.

ATM security is concerned with securing ATM assets in order to prevent threats and limit their effects on the overall aviation network. This effect limitation can be achieved by removing the vulnerability from the system and/or increasing the tolerance in case of component failures due to attacks.

The security risk assessment methodology proposed is based on what is currently being done by the industry (the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Standard Organization (ISO), etc.).
An Airport Pavement Traffic Simulation Based on CPN
Authors: Hong-Jun Heng , Jue Yang
Published: January 2014

According to the characteristics of airport pavement traffic, we discuss a method of building an airport pavement traffic model which is based on CPN theory and simulate a practical situation as well. The method overcomes the shortage of modelling with normal Petri Net theory, solves the difficult problems of airport pavement traffic such as complex traffic nets, frequent road changing, etc., refines the process of the model, and will be good for the model's analysis and simulation.
System Design for Transitional Aircraft Support
Authors: Mo John P.T. , Downey Kevin
Published: January 2014

The Australian Defence Force and industry are undergoing significant changes in the way they work together in capability enhancement programs. There are capability gaps in maintaining and supporting current obligations during major asset acquisition, which has migrated into the front line of Royal Air Force Fighter Groups as a new capability. This paper examines a steady state support solution and argues that in order to interchange from one support solution to a new architecture there must be a period for transition, which may need its own interim business model and operational service. A preliminary study of several existing support solutions reveals the generic elements that need to be parameterized and traced through the support system architecture trajectory.
Characterization and Comparison of Mesoporous Silica Particles for Optimized Drug Delivery
Authors: Huang Xinyue , Young Neil P , Townley Helen E
Published: January 2014

In this study we have investigated the suitability of a number of different mesoporous silica nanoparticle structures for carrying a drug cargo. We have fully characterized the nanoparticles in terms of their physical parameters; size, surface area, internal pore size and structure. These data are all required if we are to make an informed judgement on the suitability of the structure for drug delivery in vivo. With these parameters in mind, we investigated the loading/unloading profile of a model therapeutic into the pore structure of the nanoparticles. We demonstrate that the release can be controlled by capping the pores on the nanoparticles to achieve temporal control of the unloading. We have also examined the rate and mechanism of the degradation of the nanoparticles over an extended period of time. The eventual dissolution of the nanoparticles after cargo release is a desirable property for a drug delivery system.
Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab and etoposide combination in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas who have failed bevacizumab
Authors: Carrillo Jose A. , Hsu Frank P.K. , Delashaw Johnny , Bota Daniela
Published: January 2014

Despite recent advances in the treatment of malignant gliomas (World Health Organization grade III and grade IV tumors- Glioblastoma Multiforme, Anaplastic Astrocytoma and Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma), the overall prognosis remains poor. Tumor recurrence in malignant glioma is inevitable, and associated with reduced overall survival (OS). Bevacizumab is approved for use in progressive GBM as a second line treatment, and is associated with improvements in progression free survival (PFS). However, all GBM patients eventually recur on bevacizumab therapy, with a very short OS after bevacizumab failure. No FDA-approved therapy is available for this clinical setting. Etoposide crosses the blood-brain barrier and has activity in recurrent malignant gliomas. The use of bevacizumab with etoposide in recurrent malignant gliomas in the setting of bevacizumab resistance is evaluated in this review. Bevacizumab and etoposide combined therapy is associated with radiographic response and effectiveness in selected patients.
Data sources regarding the nonmedical use of pharmaceutical opioids in the United States
Authors: Schmidt Teresa , Zimam Amanuel , Nielsen Alexandra , Wakeland Wayne
Published: January 2014

Objective: Recent increases in the nonmedical use of pharmaceutical opioids and the adverse outcomes associated with them have stimulated a large amount of research and data collection on this public health problem. Systematic organization of the available data sources is needed to facilitate ongoing research, analysis, and evaluation. This work offers a systematic categorization of data sources regarding the nonmedical use of pharmaceutical opioids in the United States.Methods: A list of keywords regarding the nonmedical use of pharmaceutical opioids was used to conduct systematic searches in PubMed®. Filtration of search results generated 92 peer-reviewed academic articles, published between January 1995 and April 2012, as well as a number of primary data sources. Lists of topics were developed independently by two researchers which were later compared and consolidated. All sources were then categorized according to their relevance to each of these topics and according to their capacity for geographical and longitudinal trend analysis.Results: Tables cataloging data sources can be used to identify data relevant to specific topics in diversion, nonmedical use, and adverse outcomes associated with pharmaceutical opioids, and they illustrate global trends in data coverage, identifying several topics that have minimal data. A network diagram illustrates global trends in data coverage, showing variation among sources in the number of topics they cover, as well as variation among topics in the number of sources that cover them.Conclusions: The categorization of data sources is hoped to facilitate ongoing research, analysis, and evaluation of this public health problem by serving as a guide for researchers, policy makers, and others who seek data regarding the nonmedical use of pharmaceutical opioids in the United States.
Análisis iconográfico de la publicidad audiovisual de perfumes
Authors: Fernández Fernández Paloma , Baños González Miguel , García García Francisco
Published: January 2014

La publicidad como crisol en el que se combinan elementos de nuestra cultura visible con conceptos e imágenes inconscientes, es analizada en esta investigación para conocer los elementos retóricos y narrativos que posibilitan  que el mensaje sea más completo y universal que el anuncio de un producto o marca. En los anuncios del sector de la perfumería se aprecian relatos de gran complejidad que, siguiendo la teoría de los arquetipos de C. G. Jung, se concretan en modelos humanos intemporales. El modelo de análisis desarrollado se aplica al caso del anuncio del perfume J’Adore de Dior emitido entre 2008-12, evidenciando la utilización de recursos estilísticos y retóricos en un relato que se construye en torno al mito de Afrodita como materialización del concepto de la creatividad a través de la belleza y la sensualidad. El modelo de análisis analiza el contenido y la forma del discurso publicitario.
De la exclusión a la heteronomía. Inmigrantes en la ficción televisiva Aída
Authors: Biscarrat Laetitia , Meléndez Malavé Natalia
Published: January 2014

En fechas recientes el aumento de la inmigración en España ha favorecido una mayor visibilidad en todos los niveles de la sociedad, también en el ámbito de la ficción televisiva. Es justamente en ese contexto en el que fue estrenada por Tele5 la comedia de situación Aída. Consideramos este producto un punto de vista privilegiado para la indagación acerca de las representaciones e imaginarios sociales que acompañan al fenómeno migratorio. En este trabajo se aborda la evolución en el tratamiento que se le ha dispensado, con un corpus que recorre ocho temporadas de la telecomedia, entre 2005 y 2011. El objetivo es doble: por una parte, identificar los estereotipos etno-raciales y, por otra, estimar su intensidad ajustándonos a una escala que describe distintos grados. Al término de la medición diacrónica de la intensidad de dicha estereotipación, podemos afirmar que se dibuja una evolución a lo largo de las temporadas, pero que esta evolución no es estrictamente lineal.   Abstract: Lately, the increasing rate of migrants in Spain has triggered their increased visibility in every sphere of society, including TV dramas. The community soap Aída which is broadcasted on Tele5 was created in this context. We consider TV fiction as a privileged standpoint to focus on media representations and social imaginaries linked to the migratory topic. Thus, this article deals with the evolution of migrants’ representations between 2005 and 2011, in other words 8 seasons of the community soap. We aim both at identifying racial stereotypes and measuring their intensity according to a qualitative scale. Eventually, this diachronic analysis of stereotypes reveals an evolution but it can’t be considered as a strict improvement.
Formatos con texto, imagen y sonido en campañas de comunicación persuasiva móvil
Authors: González José Ignacio Niño , Guardia María Luisa García , Lladró Antonio Alcaraz
Published: January 2014

El marketing mobile se ha convertido en los últimos años en una acción publicitaria de peso en el campo de las comunicaciones persuasivas y en la puesta en marcha de las estrategias de comunicación de las organizaciones. Este desarrollo no hubiera sido posible sin la rápida evolución de la tecnología, y en concreto, de los terminales móviles. Ahora bien, si la tecnología es un elemento imprescindible en el desarrollo de los medios de comunicación social, no lo es menos, la evolución de sus contenidos en esta década en la que nos encontramos. Se puede entender la creatividad como la manifestación expresiva y de forma de la razón tecnología, siendo difícil justifica la una sin la otra en el contexto de la comunicación persuasiva actual (Arroyo, 2004).Los contenidos expresivos nacidos de los recursos narrativos beben su inspiración en figuras retóricas basadas principalmente en la repetición –un ejemplo representativo es la metáfora-, y dan significado a los mensajes de carácter expresivo, convirtiéndose en objeto de estudio académico y profesional a desarrollar desde el ámbito científico. La nueva publicidad es el resultado de la evolución del consumidor, y su participación en la creación de contenidos multimedia. El sujeto quiere experiencias, desea contenidos de marca o Branded Content (Carrillo y Castillo, 2005).El símbolo corporativo que mayormente aspira a ser globalizado recurre a los elementos retóricos existentes desde hace siglos, y es en ellos en los que se encuentra la inspiración y explicación de los esquemas narrativos contemporáneos persuasivos (García García, Llorente Barroso y García Guardia, 2010) que forman de la metodología de trabajo de los diseñadores, consciente o inconscientemente.En este artículo científico se pretende demostrar la importancia del componente expresivo, directamente dependiente de la existencia de un terminal móvil que redefine la relación hombre-máquina en la comunicación persuasiva de las organizaciones.
La cabecera como signo de identidad del producto periódico: una aproximación teórico-práctica a los rótulos de la prensa diaria española en 2013
Authors: Díez Laura González , Cuadrado Pedro Pérez
Published: January 2014

El presente artículo de investigación plantea, de un lado, una revisión teórica sobre uno de los elementos básicos de la identidad visual de la prensa diaria: la cabecera, elemento que permite al periódico adoptar una imagen editorial propia y diferencial frente a sus competidores debido a su valor corporativo y cuya aproximación teórica no ha sido abordada con claridad por parte de los principales expertos del diseño periodístico. De otro lado, el artículo da a conocer los resultados de un trabajo de campo centrado en el estudio de las cabeceras de las ediciones impresas de los diarios españoles y que analiza el aspecto formal gráfico y tipográfico de este elemento fundamental, para lo que se ha trabajado con una muestra integrada por más de un centenar de periódicos. Todo ello nos ha permitido concluir que la cabecera tipo de los periódicos diarios impresos españoles es un rótulo compuesto con tipografía de palo seco, en color negro, en positivo, de caja alta y baja, centrado al ancho de la mancha, volado y con un filete que subraya el conjunto. This research article raises, on one hand, a theoretical review about one of the basic elements of the visual identity of the daily press: the headboard, element that allows the newspaper to show a differential and own editorial image over its competitors due to its corporate value and whose theoretical approach has not been clearly addressed by leading experts of the newspaper design. On the other hand, the article gives the results of field work focused on the study of the headboards of the printed editions of Spanish newspapers and which analyzes the graphic and typographic formal aspect of this essential element, for which we have worked with an integrated sample composed by more than one hundred newspapers. All this allowed us to conclude that the header type of printed Spanish daily newspapers is a compound sign composed by a sans serif typography, in black colour, in positive, in upper and lowercase, focused to the width of the stain, flown and a line that underlines the whole set.
A Low-Cost Technique for Simulation and Characterization of Fibre Bragg Grating Sensors in Undergraduate Instructional Laboratories
Authors: Dante Alex , Pfrimer Felipe Walter Dafico , Ferreira Elnatan Chagas , Dias José Antonio Siqueira
Published: January 2014

Fibre optic sensors are becoming so important in engineering that it is important to introduce this new subject in Electrical Engineering courses. This work describes the construction of a simple, low-cost fibre Bragg grating (FBG) electronic interrogation system that uses LabVIEW as a tool for simulation, measurement interface and parameter extraction of the FBGs. Although the system is relatively slow (a precise FBG characterization takes 10 minutes to be performed), the students can observe, while performing the assigned tasks, all the signals in the interrogator circuit, resulting in an extremely useful didactic tool. The measurements obtained with the system are in very good agreement with results measured on expensive Optical Spectrum Analysers when obtaining a full FBG profile. The system can also be used to measure and characterize FBGs submitted to external strains (e.g., temperature and force) demonstrating the Bragg shift caused by these strains on FBG sensors.
Automation and Control Remote Laboratory: A Pedagogical Tool
Authors: Soares F. , Leão C.P. , Carvalho V. , Vasconcelos R.M. , Costa S.
Published: January 2014

This paper presents a study to evaluate students' perception of the development and use of remote Control and Automation training kits developed and tested in two Portuguese universities. Three projects were implemented based on real-world environments. The students, supervised by teachers, designed and implemented the kits using the theoretical and practical knowledge taught in traditional classes. The end-user students tested the kits in the course curricular units, operating them either locally or remotely. Successful results were achieved not only in automation and control skills (hard skills) but also in the development of soft skills, leading to encouraging and rewarding goals, inspiring future decisions and promoting synergies in teamwork.
Designing Collaborative Working Laboratory Sessions for Induction Machine Fault Diagnosis Learning
Authors: Antonino-Daviu J. A. , Climente-Alarcón V. , Pons-Llinares J.
Published: January 2014

In this paper, two laboratory sessions, specially designed to instruct students on the operational methodology of different induction motors fault diagnosis techniques, are presented and explained. The sessions are taught within the context of a subject dealing with predictive maintenance of electrical installations and machines. During the laboratory sessions, the students apply the different condition monitoring techniques, using special educational laboratory test benches built to this end. These test benches allow the students to easily capture the necessary current signals in motors with rather different constructive characteristics, operating conditions and faults. Next, the students must process the captured signals by using available software programs. While stationary current signals are analyzed using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) — conventional diagnosis approach — the startup current signals are processed using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) — modern transient-based diagnosis method. The laboratory sessions have been developed from a collaborative perspective, so that the students are encouraged to work in groups in the experimental part with further collective discussion on their diagnostic conclusions, all within an open framework for information sharing.
Teaching a Numerical Analysis Course for Electrical Engineering Students in the Cognitive Domain
Authors: Bhuyan Muhibul Haque , Khan Sher Shermin Azmiri
Published: January 2014

Numerical analysis is a very important and useful course for students of the undergraduate program in electrical and electronic engineering. This course has real-life applications in the fields of electrical and electronic engineering. Therefore, this course has to be taught effectively so that students can apply the knowledge learned from this course in solving their practical problems. Skills in the cognitive domain of Bloom's Taxonomy revolve around knowledge and comprehension of, and critical thinking about, a particular topic. This makes teaching and learning more effective. This paper describes the teaching method of a numerical analysis course for undergraduate electrical and electronic engineering students in the cognitive domain.
Slow-light Bragg reflector waveguide array for two-dimensional beam steering
Authors: Nakamura Kensuke , Matsutani Akihiro , Ahmed Moustafa , Bakry Ahmed , Koyama Fumio
Published: January 2014

We propose and demonstrate a slow-light Bragg reflector waveguide array for two-dimensional (2D) beam steering. The device consists of a highly dispersive Bragg reflector waveguide array with a quarter-wavelength stack semiconductor mirrors and a Y-branch 1 × 4 splitter with a branching angle of 30°. The beam steering characteristics in the two orthogonal directions are clarified by tuning the input wavelength. Beam steering was demonstrated using wavelength tuning with the assistance of delay sections. The results show the possibility of 2D beam steering using the Bragg reflector waveguide array by combining wavelength tuning and thermo-optic phase tuning.
Low-power scan driver embedded with level shifter using depletion-mode amorphous indium–gallium–zinc–oxide thin-film transistors for high-resolution flat-panel displays
Authors: Lee Chang-Hee , Kwon Oh-Kyong
Published: January 2014

A low-power scan driver embedded with a level shifter using depletion-mode amorphous indium–gallium–zinc–oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) is proposed for high-resolution flat-panel displays (FPDs). In order to achieve low power consumption, the scan driver uses clock signals with a reduced voltage swing. Furthermore, the level shifter is implemented without using a diode-connected TFT. This scan driver is simulated at an output voltage swing of 30 V and an operating frequency (f
op) of 153.6 kHz, which satisfy the driving conditions for 10-in. wide quadruple extended graphics array (WQXGA, 1600 × 2560) FPDs with a frame frequency of 60 Hz. The simulation results of the proposed scan driver demonstrate the successful operation even at a threshold voltage shift (ΔV
th) of −2.0 V. The power consumption of the proposed scan driver per ten stages is 0.41 mW, which is 80.75% less than that reported in a previous work.
Fluoropolymers, Organic
Authors: Hintzer Klaus , Zipplies Tilman , Carlson D. Peter , Schmiegel Walter
Published: January 2014

The article contains sections titled:1.Introduction1.1.History1.2.Monomers1.3.Polymers1.4.Production1.5.Properties1.6.Uses2.Fluoroplastics2.1.Introduction2.2.Polytetrafluoroethylene2.2.1.Production2.2.2.Properties2.2.3.Processing2.2.4.Uses2.2.5.New Materials—Modified Granular PTFE2.3.Tetrafluoroethylene–Hexafluoropropene Copolymers2.3.1.Production2.3.2.Properties2.3.3.Processing2.3.4.Uses2.4.Tetrafluoroethylene–Perfluoro(Alkyl Vinyl Ether) Copolymers2.4.1.Production2.4.2.Properties2.4.3.Processing2.4.4.Uses2.5.Tetrafluoroethylene–Ethylene Copolymers2.5.1.Production2.5.2.Properties2.5.3.Processing2.5.4.Uses2.6.Polychlorotrifluoroethylene2.6.1.Production2.6.2.Properties2.6.3.Processing2.6.4.Uses2.7.Chlorotrifluoroethylene–Ethylene Copolymers2.7.1.Production2.7.2.Properties2.7.3.Processing2.7.4.Uses2.8.Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)2.8.1.Production2.8.2.Properties2.8.3.Processing2.8.4.Uses2.9.Poly(Vinyl Fluoride)2.9.1.Production2.9.2.Properties2.9.3.Processing2.9.4.Uses2.10.Amorphous Perfluoropolymers2.10.1.Production2.10.2.Properties2.10.3.Processing2.10.4.Uses2.11.Semicrystalline Tetrafluoroethylene‐Hexafluoropropene‐Vinylidene Fluoride Terpolymers2.11.1.Production2.11.2.Properties2.11.3.Processing2.11.4.Uses3.Fluoroelastomers3.1.Introduction3.2.Elastomers Based on Vinylidene Fluoride (FKMs)3.2.1.Production3.2.2.Properties3.2.3.Processing3.2.4.Uses3.3.Elastomers Based on Tetrafluoroethylene—Perfluoro(Methyl Vinyl Ether) Copolymers (FFKM)3.3.1.Production3.3.2.Properties3.3.3.Processing and Uses3.4.Elastomers Based on Tetrafluoroethylene–Propene Copolymers3.4.1.Production3.4.2.Properties3.4.3.Processing3.4.4.Uses3.5.Fluoroelastomers containing Ethylene3.5.1.TFE–E–PMVE Polymers3.5.2.TFE–VDF–HFP–E Polymers3.6.Thermoplastic Elastomers3.7.Vinyl Ether Copolymers4.Toxicology and Occupational Health4.1.Fluoroplastics4.2.Fluoroelastomers4.3.Environmental Aspects5.Economic Aspects
Model of lifetimes of the outer radiation belt electrons in a realistic magnetic field using realistic chorus wave parameters
Authors: Orlova Ksenia , Shprits Yuri
Published: January 2014

The outer radiation belt electrons in the inner magnetosphere show high variability during the geomagnetically disturbed conditions. Quasi‐linear diffusion theory provides both a framework for global prediction of particle loss at different energies and an understanding of the dynamics of different particle populations. It has been recently shown that the pitch angle scattering of electrons due to wave‐particle interaction with chorus waves modeled in a realistic magnetic field may be significantly different from those estimated in a dipole model. In this work, we present the lifetimes of 1 keV–2 MeV electrons computed in the Tsyganenko 89 magnetic field model for the night, dawn, prenoon, and postnoon magnetic local time (MLT) sectors for different levels of geomagnetic activity and distances. The lifetimes in the realistic field are also compared to those computed in the dipole model. We develop a realistic chorus lower band and upper band wave models for each MLT sector using the recent statistical studies of wave amplitude, wave normal angle, and wave spectral density distributions as functions of magnetic latitude, distance, and Kp index. The increase of plasma trough density with increasing latitude is also included. The obtained in the Tsyganenko 89 field electron lifetimes are parameterized and can be used in 2‐D/3‐D/4‐D convection and particle tracing codes.
Biomimetic Aerobic CH Olefination of Cyclic Enaminones at Room Temperature: Development toward the Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Benzenes
Authors: Yu Yi‐Yun , Georg Gunda I.
Published: January 2014

A green and mild protocol for the dehydrogenative olefination of cyclic enaminones was devised via palladium catalysis at room temperature using oxygen as the terminal oxidant. The synthetic utility of the olefinated cyclic enaminones afforded a series of unique 1,3,5‐trisubstituted benzenes via an unanticipated Diels–Alder tandem reaction. The broad substrate scope and good yields achieved with this new protocol provide an alternative pathway for arene functionalization.

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ABO blood groups and hemoglobin variants among Nubians, Egypt, U.A.R.
Authors: Awny A. Y. , Kamel Karim , Hoerman Kirk C.
Published: January 2014

Three hundred and fifty‐six Nubians of Upper Egypt were tested for hemoglobin variants and ABO blood groups. No hemoglobin variants were detected. ABO allele frequencies for the Konouz are: A 19.31, B 11.08, O 69.59; for the Arabs — A 22.02, B 9.64, O 68.33; and for the Fedikyaee—A 24.46, B 9.54, O 65.98.
Kraft‐Spektrum‐Beziehungen molekularer optischer Kraftsonden
Authors: Stauch Tim , Dreuw Andreas
Published: January 2014

Kraftsonden ermöglichen die Echtzeitmessung von Kräften, die an verschiedenen Stellen großer Moleküle wirken, und eignen sich dazu, Strukturänderungen in Makromolekülen, z. B. Faltungsprozesse, zu erforschen.1–10 Die daraus gewonnen Informationen sind für unser Verständnis mechanochemischer Reaktivität grundlegend.2, 3, 6, 7 Zu diesem Zweck können kleine molekulare Kraftsonden in große Moleküle eingefügt werden.2, 3, 11–13 Einige der verfügbaren Systeme beruhen auf Mechanochromie, der Änderung des UV/Vis‐Absorptionsspektrums eines Moleküls als Resultat einer äußeren Kraft.1, 14 Hier präsentieren wir die neuartige Idee, molekulare Kraftsonden zu verwenden, deren Punktgruppensymmetrie infolge einer mechanischen Deformation verringert wird. Dies bewirkt ausgeprägte Änderungen in optischen Spektren der deformierten Moleküle, welche durch computergestützte Methoden ermittelt wurden. Die Änderungen sind reversibel und selbst bei geringen äußeren Kräften zu beobachten.
Direct Targeting of Rab‐GTPase–Effector Interactions
Authors: Spiegel Jochen , Cromm Philipp M. , Itzen Aymelt , Goody Roger S. , Grossmann Tom N. , Waldmann Herbert
Published: January 2014

Small GTPases are molecular switches using GDP/GTP alternation to control numerous vital cellular processes. Although aberrant function and regulation of GTPases are implicated in various human diseases, direct targeting of this class of proteins has proven difficult, as GTPase signaling and regulation is mediated by extensive and shallow protein interfaces. Here we report the development of inhibitors of protein–protein interactions involving Rab proteins, a subfamily of GTPases, which are key regulators of vesicular transport. Hydrocarbon‐stapled peptides were designed based on crystal structures of Rab proteins bound to their interaction partners. These modified peptides exhibit significantly increased affinities and include a stapled peptide (StRIP3) that selectively binds to activated Rab8a and inhibits a Rab8a–effector interaction in vitro.
“Is That All There Is?”: Time, Guilt, and Melancholia in Sleep No More and Macbeth
Authors: Churchill Christian J.
Published: January 2014

This paper uses the interactive performance play Sleep No More and William Shakespeare's Macbeth as bases for exploring the experience of depressive stasis. Freud's “Mourning and Melancholia” is used as a means of interpreting these works. Through the dramatic portraits of the self turned destructively upon itself found in these plays, psychoanalysis is offered as a way of imagining how grief and loss can be experienced as annihilating rather than transformative. At the core of Freud's essay is the idea that for the melancholic, time feels stuck. This paper posits that Sleep No More and Macbeth illuminate how we can think about patients in this condition and how we might try to grasp their experience of feeling like time has stopped and that hope is therefore lost. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the antioxidant activities of some new chromone compounds
Authors: Kładna Aleksandra , Berczyński Paweł , Piechowska Teresa , Kruk Irena , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. , Ceylan‐Unlusoy Meltem , Verspohl Eugen J. , Ertan Rahmiye
Published: January 2014

Recent reviews evidence that the naturally occurring compounds containing the chromone skeleton exhibit antiradical activities, providing protection against oxidative stress. The antioxidant activities of 13 new synthesized chromonyl‐2,4‐thiazolidinediones, chromonyl‐2,4‐imidazolidinediones and chromonyl‐2‐thioxoimidzolidine‐4‐ones were evaluated using in vitro antioxidant assays, including superoxide anion radical (), hydroxyl radical (), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl free radical (DPPH•) scavenging capacity and total antioxidant capacity ferric ion reducing activity. Superoxide anion radical was produced using potassium superoxide/18‐crown‐6‐ether dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide, and the Fenton‐like reaction (Fe(II) + H2O2) was a generator of hydroxyl radicals. Chemiluminescence, spectrophotometry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐N‐oxide (DMPO) as the spin trap were the measurement techniques. The results showed that the majority of the chromone derivatives tested showed a strong scavenging effect towards free radicals, similar to the chemiluminescence reaction with superoxide anion radical with a high activity, inhibition of the DMPO‐OOH radical EPR signal (24–58%), the DMPO‐OH radical EPR signal (4–75%) and DPPH radical EPR signal (6–100%) at 1 mmol/L. Several of the examined compounds exhibited the high reduction potentials. The results obtained show that the new synthesized chromone derivatives may directly scavenger reactive oxygen species and thus may play a protective role against oxidative damage. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty under neuroprotection
Authors: Chakraborty Saujatya , Vadivelu Ramalingam , Bagga Shiv
Published: January 2014

The case describes the successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty under neuroprotection in a patient with severe symptomatic mitral stenosis and persistent left atrial appendage thrombus despite chronic warfarin therapy. Although the procedure was uneventful for any systemic embolism, the limitations of this approach are highlighted with authors still advocating that surgery remains the benchmark treatment for these patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis of 5d Cubic Perovskite BaOsO3 at 17 GPa: Ferromagnetic Evolution over 3d to 5d Series.
Authors: Guo Yanfeng , et al. et al.
Published: January 2014

CaOsO3 and SrOsO3 are synthesized by high‐pressure solid state reactions of CaO or SrO and OsO2 (Pt capsule, 6 GPa, 1500—1700 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Route for the Preparation of Metal Tellurides.
Authors: Kubat Vaclav , Losos Zdenek , Travnicek Zdenek , Novosad Josef
Published: January 2014

CdTe and HgTe are prepared by one‐step reaction of CdCO3 or HgO with Te in the presence of Ph2P‐NH‐PPh2 in toluene (autoclave, 60—180 °C, 20 h; ≥95% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Salt Containing 1∞{Zn [trans‐μ2 (η3:η3‐Ge9)]}2‐ Anions: A Polymer with Ge9 Zintl Clusters Bridged by Zn Atoms.
Authors: Benda Christian B. , Schaeper Raphaela , Schulz Stephan , Faessler Thomas F.
Published: January 2014

[K(18‐crown‐6)]2[Zn(Ge9)]·en is synthesized by reaction of K4Ge9 in en with Zn2{ [(2,4,6‐Me3C6H2)NC(Me)] 2CH}2 in the presence of 18‐crown‐6 (25 °C, 12 h, yield given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature, High‐Pressure Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic Studies of a Uranium(IV) Phosphate (Na10U2P6O24) and the Isotypic Cerium(IV) Phosphate (Na10Ce2P6O24).
Authors: Lai Yu‐Hsien , Chang Yu‐Chih , Wong Tsz‐Fung , Tai Wan‐Ju , Chang Wen‐Jung , Lii Kwang‐Hwa
Published: January 2014

The isotypic compounds (III) and (V) are characterized by single crystal XRD, UV/VIS spectroscopy, and XPS.
ChemInform Abstract: Decavanadate with a Novel Coordination Complex: Synthesis and Characterization of (NH4)2 [Ni(H2O)5(NH3)] 2(V10O28)·4H2O.
Authors: Putrevu Naga Ravikanth , Doedens Robert J. , Khan M. Ishaque
Published: January 2014

The title compound is prepared by reaction of NH4VO3 and NiCl2 in aqueous solution (80 °C, 5 h; 66% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Trapping Formaldehyde in the Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Bontemps Sebastian , Sabo‐Ettienne Sylviane
Published: January 2014

NMR studies for the trapping of formaldehyde, which is formed in situ by the Ru‐catalyzed CO2 reduction process, to afford C2 compounds is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative C—O Cross‐Coupling of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Their Heteroanalogues with N‐Substituted Hydroxamic Acids and N‐Hydroxyimides.
Authors: Terent'ev Alexander O. , Krylov Igor B. , Timofeev Vladimir P. , Starikova Zoya A. , Merkulova Valentina M. , Ilovaisky Alexey I. , Nikishin Gennady I.
Published: January 2014

The method applying Co(OAc)2·4H2O/KMnO4 in catalytic amounts [conditions A)] is advantageous compared to the procedure using at least 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Industrially Viable Synthesis of 3‐[3‐(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propionaldehyde. A Key Intermediate to Cinacalcet.
Authors: Chavakula Ramadas , Mutyala Narayana Rao , Chennupati Srinivas Rao
Published: January 2014

The improved synthesis of the title compound (II) includes the Corey‐Kim oxidation of alcohol (I) under normal conditions as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Stereospecific Allyl—Aryl Coupling of Allylic Alcohols with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Ye Jiang , Zhao Jingming , Xu Jing , Mao Yuxue , Zhang Yong Jian
Published: January 2014

The coupling reaction of enantiopure allylic alcohols (I) with arylboronic acids (II) and (IV) affords corresponding coupling products as single regioisomers (III) and (V), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to Dibenzohelicenes and Their Functionalized Derivatives.
Authors: Stary Ivo , et al. et al.
Published: January 2014

This method can also be used for the synthesis of substituted helicenes.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Access to Fluorescent 2,3,4‐Tricyanofurans from α‐Cyano Ketones Using DDQ as Maleonitrile Building Block.
Authors: Li Jiang‐Sheng , Xue Yuan , Li Zhi‐Wei , Liu Wei‐Dong , Lu Cui‐Hong , Zhao Pei‐Xia
Published: January 2014

A simple protocol is developed for the synthesis of various tricyanofurans which is proposed to proceed via a single electron transfer cycloaddition and subsequent retro‐Diels—Alder reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Enhanced Efficient Synthesis of Some Polyfunctional Pyridazines.
Authors: Jangid M. Kumar , Yadav T. , Yadav A. K.
Published: January 2014

Highly efficient protocols for the microwave‐enhanced synthesis of various polyfunctional pyridazines in an environmentally benign ionic liquid starting from 3,6‐dichloropyridazine are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Multi‐Component Synthesis of 7‐Aryl‐benzo[h][1,2,4]‐triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazoline‐5,6‐diones Catalyzed by n‐Propylsulfonated γ‐Al2O3.
Authors: Li Weilin , Tian Shuanbao , Wu Liqiang
Published: January 2014

The catalyst can be reused up to six cycles without significant loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of New N‐3‐Substituted Pyrido[1′,2′:1,5]pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐2,4(1H,3H)‐dione Derivatives.
Authors: Belaroussi Rabia , El Bouakher Abderrahman , Marchivie Mathieu , Massip Stephane , Jarry Christian , El Hakmaoui Ahmed , Guillaumet Gerald , Routier Sylvain , Akssira Mohamed
Published: January 2014

The synthesis of the title compounds (VII) is based on the condensation of 1‐aminopyridinium salt (I) with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate followed by regioselective saponification to give the key intermediate (IV) which can be converted to the useful tricyclic derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient New Synthesis of N‐Arylbenzo[b]furo[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amines and Their Benzo[b]thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amine Analogues via a Microwave‐Assisted Dimroth Rearrangement.
Authors: Loidreau Yvonnick , Dubouilh‐Benard Carole , Marchand Pascal , Nourrisson Marie‐Renee , Duflos Muriel , Buquet Catherine , Corbiere Cecile , Besson Thierry
Published: January 2014

Compounds (V) and 20 compounds of type (VII) are prepared which are tested for their antiproliferative effects.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthetic Protocol for Quinoxalinones, Benzoxazinones, and Benzothiazinones from 2‐Oxo‐2‐aryl‐acetyl Bromide Precursors.
Authors: Nagaraj Muthupandi , Sathiyamoorthy Sithuraj , Boominathan Muthusamy , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Bhuvanesh Nattamai
Published: January 2014

Reaction of 2‐oxo‐2‐arylacetyl bromides (II), obtained by SeO2 oxidation of α‐bromoketones, with phenylenediamines, o‐aminophenol and o‐aminothiophenol provides a facile and efficient access to quinoxalinones, benzoxazinones and benzothiazinones, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh/Pd Catalysis with Chiral and Achiral Ligands: Domino Synthesis of Aza‐Dihydrodibenzoxepines.
Authors: Friedman Adam A. , Panteleev Jane , Tsoung Jennifer , Huynh Vaizanne , Lautens Mark
Published: January 2014

The preparation of aza‐dihydrodibenzoxepines is described, through the combination of Rh‐catalyzed arylation and Pd‐catalyzed C—O coupling in a single pot.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual and Diastereoselective Rearrangement During an Intramolecular Ene Reaction Involving a Disilane.
Authors: Giros Audrey , Guillot Regis , Blanco Luis , Deloisy Sandrine
Published: January 2014

The intramolecular ene reaction of compound (I) gives the expected reaction product (II) and also the unexpected one (III) with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Cuprous Chloride Promoted Coupling Reaction of Diethoxyphosphinyldifluoromethylcadmium Reagent with Aryl Iodides: A Practical and Convenient Preparation of α,α‐Difluoro Benzylic Phosphonates.
Authors: Qio Weiming , Burton Donald J.
Published: January 2014

α,α‐Difluoro benzylic phosphonates (III) are obtained by the CuCl‐promoted coupling reaction of aryl iodides with a diethoxyphosphinyldifluoromethylcadmium reagent formed in situ from Cadmium and (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Caesanines A—D [(I)‐(III)], New Cassane Diterpenes with Unprecedented N Bridge from Caesalpinia sappan.
Authors: Liu Xueting , et al. et al.
Published: January 2014

The caesanine D (III) represents the first type of dicassane diterpenoid ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Novel Glycosyl Oxindoles Through 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition.
Authors: Sirisha N. , Raghunathan R.
Published: January 2014

An efficient synthesis of sugar‐fused spirooxindole heterocycles is achieved using the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides, generated in situ from the sugar aldehyde (I), and α‐amino acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Carrier‐mediated Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Anatase (Ti,Co)O2
Authors: Fukumura Tomoteru , Yamada Yoshinori , Ueno Kazunori , Yuan Hongtao , Shimotani Hidekazu , Iwasa Yoshihiro , Gu Lin , Tsukimoto Susumu , Ikuhara Yuichi , Kawasaki Masashi
Published: January 2014

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Impact of Copper‐catalyzed Cross‐coupling Reactions in Natural Product Synthesis: The Emergence of New Retrosynthetic Paradigms
Authors: Evano Gwilherm , Theunissen Cedric , Pradal Alexandre
Published: January 2014

Review: 219 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of Carbon‐Hydrogen Bonds and Dihydrogen by 1,2‐CH‐Addition Across Metal‐Heteroatom Bonds
Authors: Webb Joanna R. , Burgess Samantha A. , Cundari Thomas R. , Gunnoe T. Brent
Published: January 2014

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization Methods for Starch‐Based Materials: State of the Art and Perspectives
Authors: Wu Alex C. , Witt Torsten , Gilbert Robert G.
Published: January 2014

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Niels Bohr (1885—1962): On the Wing of a Butterfly, Johann J. Balmer (1825—1898)
Authors: Craig G. Wayne
Published: January 2014

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Crystallography on Paramagnetic Systems. Solved and Open Issues
Authors: Bhaumik Anusarka , Luchinat Claudio , Parigi Giacomo , Ravera Enrico , Rinaldelli Mauro
Published: January 2014

Review: 173 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Nanomaterials in Potentiometric Sensors
Authors: Yin Tanji , Qin Wei
Published: January 2014

Review: 75 refs.
N,N′‐Bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)benzamidinates and ‐pivalamidinates of the s‐Block Metals Lithium, Potassium, and Calcium
Authors: Loh Claas , Seupel Susanne , Görls Helmar , Krieck Sven , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: January 2014

Metalation of N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)benzamidine (1a) and ‐pivalamidine (1b) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) with n‐butyllithium and potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide gives the corresponding N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)benzamidinates and ‐pivalamidinates of lithium, [(thf)2Li{(Dipp‐N)2C‐Ph}] (2a) and [(thf)Li{(Dipp‐N)2C‐tBu}] (2b), as well as of potassium, [(thf)3K{(Dipp‐N)2C‐Ph}] (3a) and [(thf)3K{(Dipp‐N)2C‐tBu}] (3b) (Dipp = 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl). Because metalation of these amidines is not possible with [(thf)2Ca{N(SiMe3)2}2], a metathetical approach has been chosen. Hence, the reaction of 3a with calcium iodide in THF yields (tetrahydrofuran)calcium bis[N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)benzamidinate] (4a). For the bulkier N,N′‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)pivalamidinate, heteroleptic [(thf)Ca{(Dipp‐N)2C‐tBu}{N(SiMe3)2}] (4b) forms. Depending on the softness and charge‐to‐radius ratio, syn configuration of the amidinate ligands is observed for 2a, 4a, and 4b, whereas the anti configuration is realized in complexes 2b, 3a, and 3b, the latter being stabilized by intramolecular metal–π interactions.
Palladium‐Catalysed Amination of Aryl‐ and Heteroaryl Halides Using tert‐Butyl Tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite as an Easily Accessible and Air‐Stable Ligand
Authors: Roiban Gheorghe‐Doru , Mehler Gerlinde , Reetz Manfred T.
Published: January 2014

The phosphorus compound tert‐butyl tetraisopropylphosphorodiamidite, prepared from bis(diisopropylamino)chlorophosphine, is an excellent ligand for palladium‐catalysed Buchwald–Hartwig amination of aryl‐ and heteroaryl chlorides and bromides. Based on its ready accessibility and air‐stability, this amination protocol is a practical approach to the synthesis of industrially important aryl‐ and heteroarylamines.