bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HỨNG THÚ TRONG VIỆC HỌC KỸ NĂNG NGHE CỦA SINH VIÊN NĂM THỨ NHẤT CHUYÊN NGÀNH TIẾNG ANH, TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC HÙNG VƯƠNG
Authors: Ngô Thị Thanh Huyền , Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Thủy
Published: February 2021

Bài báo này là một phần của một nghiên cứu hành động (action research). Xác định được rằng hứng thú học tập là yếu tố vô cùng quan trọng đối với người học, thậm chí nó còn quan trọng hơn cả kết quả học tập nên trong khuôn khổ bài báo này nhóm nghiên cứu tập trung đưa ra những phân tích về thực trạng hứng thú học tập của sinh viên năm thứ nhất tại khoa Ngoại ngữ - đối tượng mới làm quen với phương pháp học ở đại học. Sau đó, trên cơ sở thực trạng này, nhóm nghiên cứu đề xuất thực hiện một số điều chỉnh trong chương trình nhằm nâng cao hứng thú học tập của sinh viên. Để lấy được những thông tin phục vụ cho nghiên cứu, nhóm nghiên cứu sử dụng một số công cụ thu thập số liệu là phương pháp quan sát lớp học và bảng câu hỏi điều tra trước và sau thực nghiệm. Tuy nhiên, trong khuôn khổ bài báo này, chúng tôi chỉ trình bày về thực trạng hứng thú học kỹ năng nghe của sinh viên giai đoạn trước khi dạy thực nghiệm.
LỰA CHỌN, ỨNG DỤNG VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ HIỆU QUẢ CÁC BÀI TẬP PHÁT TRIỂN SỨC MẠNH TỐC ĐỘ CHẠY 100M CỦA NỮ SINH VIÊN KHOA TIỂU HỌC TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC TÂN TRÀO
Authors: Phạm Thị Quyên
Published: February 2021

Từ kết quả nghiên cứu đề tài đã lựa chọn được 17 bài tập phát triển sức mạnh tốc độ trong chạy 100m cho nữ sinh viên khoa Tiểu học Trường Đại học Tân Trào Qua kết quả thực nghiệm cho thấy, ở tất cả 5 đánh giá tets sức mạnh tốc độ của nhóm thực nghiệm đều tốt hơn nhóm đối chứng, sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa ở ngưỡng xác suất P<0.05.
NHỮNG VẤN ĐỀ CƠ BẢN CỦA TRIẾT HỌC NGÔN NGỮ
Authors: Lê Huy Bắc
Published: February 2021

Triết học ngôn ngữ nghiên cứu những vấn đề thuộc về bản chất ngôn ngữ và sự tác động của ngôn ngữ đến đời sống con người. Những nghiên cứu hiện đại và hậu hiện đại của nó đã đặt ngôn ngữ vào vị trí vô cùng quan trọng trong giao tiếp và tri nhận thế giới. Theo đó, các bậc thầy của triết học ngôn ngữ khẳng định ngôn ngữ có sức sống nội tại, luôn chuyển dịch nghĩa trong giao tiếp. Đặc biệt họ cũng đưa ra cảnh báo rằng trong kỉ nguyên kĩ trị, ngôn ngữ có nguy cơ biến con người thành nô lệ của nó, bởi cách sử dụng luôn tuân thủ tập quán đã được lưu giữ trong nó tự bao đời nay.
SỰ VẬN ĐỘNG THỂ LOẠI CỦA LUẬT TUYỆT TRONG TIẾN TRÌNH THƠ TRUNG ĐẠI VIỆT NAM
Authors: Trần lệ Thanh
Published: February 2021

Thơ Đường luật nói chung, luật tuyệt nói riêng, do sáng tác buộc phải tuân theo những quy định khắt khe về niêm, luật, vần, đối và cách bố cục, cho nên lựa chọn luật tuyệt tuy ưu thế là cô đọng, hàm súc, nhưng cũng hạn chế trong khả năng diễn tả cảm xúc, tâm tư theo những thay đổi thời cuộc. Tuy nhiên, trên thực tế, luật tuyệt lại là một thể loại có khả năng thích ứng rất đa dạng với nhiều trạng thái tình cảm, cảm xúc khác nhau và có một sức sống lâu bền, một sinh mệnh nghệ thuật dài nhất trong các thể loại thơ ca Việt Nam. Bài viết trên cơ sở chỉ ra những nét đặc trưng trong thi pháp thể loại của luật tuyệt, bước đầu tìm hiểu sự vận động của thể loại này trong tiến trình thơ trung đại Việt Nam.
SỰ KHÁC BIỆT CỦA YẾU TỐ LIÊN VĂN BẢN TRONG SÁNG TÁC CỦA HỒ ANH THÁI VÀ HARUKI MURAKAMI
Authors: Trần Quang Hưng
Published: February 2021

Liên văn bản là thuật ngữ cơ bản, phổ biến của chủ nghĩa hậu hiện đại. Hai nhà văn Hồ Anh Thái và Haruki Murakami đều sử dụng yếu tố liên văn bản trong trong sáng tác của mình. Tuy nhiên cách xử lý của mỗi người có những điểm khác biệt thú vị. Cả hai tác giả đều chịu ảnh hưởng văn hóa phương Đông và phương Tây, nhưng ở những sáng tác của Murakami ảnh hưởng phương Tây sâu đậm hơn. Sự thu nạp những thể loại trong một tác phẩm văn học cũng tùy thuộc vào mục đích của mỗi nhà văn. Mặc dù vậy, họ đã diễn đạt thật hiệu quả về con người và bức tranh hiện thực hỗn độn thời hậu hiện đại qua các yếu tố liên văn bản.
ĐẶC TRƯNG ÂM NHẠC TRONG LƯỢN CỦA NGƯỜI TÀY
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thanh Thảo
Published: February 2021

Trong kho tàng văn học nghệ thuật người Tày, hát giao duyên hay hát đối đáp ứng khẩu tại chỗ của nam nữ được xem là một loại hình dân ca sinh hoạt độc đáo. Lượn là khái niệm để chỉ những hình thức hát của người Tày. Tùy vào không gian diễn xướng, hình thức sinh hoạt mà Lượn được gọi với nhiều tên khác nhau: Lượn slương, Lượn Nàng Hai, Lượn nài, Vjén, Cọi, Lượn cọi hay Iếu... Lượn của người Tày được tạo bởi nhiều yếu tố âm nhạc kết hợp lại. Ngày nay, dù cách gọi gì thì nó vẫn là một thể loại hát tiêu biểu, giàu sức biểu cảm nhất trong kho tàng dân ca người Tày.
NHỮNG PHÁT HIỆN KHẢO CỔ HỌC VỀ THỜI ĐẠI ĐÁ MỚI THÁI NGUYÊN
Authors: Nguyễn Đức Thắng
Published: February 2021

Thái Nguyên là một địa điểm khảo cổ học nổi tiếng ở Việt Nam, nơi tồn tại kỹ nghệ Ngườm – kỹ nghệ mảnh tước với những công cụ đồ đá nhỏ độc nhất vô nhị ở nước ta. Tuy nhiên, bên cạnh những di tích thuộc kỹ nghệ mảnh tước và cuội ghè có niên đại hậu kỳ Đá cũ như Ngườm, Miệng Hổ, Thắm Choong… ở Thái Nguyên còn tồn tại các di tích thuộc thời đại Đá mới phong phú. Hiện nay, càng ngày càng phát hiện được nhiều các di tích thuộc sơ kỳ đến hậu kỳ Đá mới ở Thái Nguyên như hang Khắc Kiệm, Nà Cà, mái đá Con Hổ, hang Kim Sơn… Hầu hết các di tích thuộc thời đại Đá mới Thái Nguyên đều là các di tích Bắc Sơn do sự gần gũi về địa bàn và sự ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ của văn hóa Bắc Sơn đến địa bàn Thái Nguyên. Tiềm năng khảo cổ ở Thái Nguyên là rất lớn cần có sự đầu tư điều tra, thám sát, khai quật nghiên cứu chuyên sâu
Occupational exposure to Covid-19 in Latin American Healthcare Workers, May 2020
Authors: Medina Guillén Leonardo Flavio , Quintanilla Ferrufino Gustavo Jared , Juárez Pérez Irma , Shafick Asfura Javier
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Introduction. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, which not only poses a great challenge, but is setting a precedent for the medical community. In this situation, it is suggested that all personnel who are exposed to occupational risks - specifically biological risk - will use the necessary personal and collective protection equipment provided by the institution or company for which they work. Workers in areas and jobs at high risk of infection can be stigmatized and discriminated, leading to their exclusion from the community and their increased exposure to violence and harassment. Objective. Analyze the occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in health personnel in Latin America in May, 2020. Methods and materials. A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out; a non-probabilistic sample of 713 volunteers participated. An online questionnaire of 30 closed questions was applied. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel 2019, using frequency analysis and central tendency measurements. The Helsinki bioethics recommendations were considered.  Results and discussion. Health workers from 13 Spanish-speaking Latin American countries, from 7 professions in the health sector, participated. The personal and labor/institutional risk factors and repercussions on the personnel were detailed. Conclusions. The implementation and strengthening of policies and strategies is suggested to provide the necessary equipment to workers and improve the institutional response in order to avoid burnout in the staff, due to overload of work and extreme work hours, in order to mitigate the psychological impact that is being suffered.
Síndrome de down por mosaico, reporte de caso ecuador.
Authors: Ramírez Portilla Cristian Carlos , Sarmiento Rubio Michelle Domenica , Quezada Pardo Mónica Carolina , Orellana Córdova Jessica Tamara
Published: February 2021

El síndrome de Down, es una de las principales causas de discapacitada intelectual relacionada a alteraciones en los cromosomas humanos, el síndrome de Down por mosaísmo es uno de los tres tipos de alteración cromosómica que se presentan en estos pacientes, encontrándose en 1% al 4% de los casos reportados de este síndrome, en los cuales las características físicas son casi imperceptibles a una simple valoración. Presentamos el caso clínico de paciente masculino de 9 meses de edad que acudió a valoración médica por retraso leve madurativo e infecciones respiratorias a repetición.
KNOWLEDGE AS A DETERMINING FACTOR OF SAFETY DRIVING BEHAVIOR IN TRUCK DRIVERS
Authors: Aini Nur , Indrawati Ririn , Rusmiati Desi
Published: February 2021

Kecelakaan lalu lintas menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab tingginya angka kesakitan dan kematian.  Hal ini dikaitkan oleh perilaku tidak aman dari pengemudi kendaraan. Tujuan dari peneltian ini untuk mengetahui faktor perilkau tidak aman pada pengemudi truk sebuah perusahaan. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan design regresi logistik menggunakan data primer. Pengambilan sampel dengan simple random sampling diperoleh sebanyak   95 responden. Hasil penelitian didapatkan variabel yang mempunyai pengaruh terhadapa perilaku tidak aman adalah pengetahuan ( p=0,014) , Pendidikan (0,001 ) dan kondisi kendaraan (p=0,049 ).  Pengalaman bekerja (p=0,190)  Usia (p=0,865) dengan variabel perancu adalah pendidikan dan kodisi kendaraan. Pengemudi berprilaku tidak aman seperti mengemudi kecepatan tinggi pada jalan licin karena kurang mengetahui batas aman kecepatan dan jarak mengemudi. Kesimpulan. Faktor yang paling berpengaruh adalah pengetahuan oleh karena itu pihak perusahaan perlu memberi pelatihan berkala dan evaluasi pengetahuan, kesehatan  pengemudi.
Reinforcement of Islamic education in the revolution era of society 5.0
Authors: Puji Puji
Published: February 2021

Islamic education in society 5.0 faces various complex problems, lack of adequate resources, lack of teachers’, lecturers’, and educational personnel’s competence. Addiction to technology causes students to lose their character and morals. Increasing the competence of teachers and students issignificant to face the challenges. The three main pillar components that need to be possessed by each component are (a) ability to solve problems, (b) ability to think critically, (c) ability to be creative. This study aimed to describe the implementation of the strengthening of Islamic Education learning in theera of community revolution 5.0. This research uses a qualitative approach to the type of literature study research. The author will explore the data according to the discussion in this study, then collect them for analysis. Data analysis was carried out in three stages: data reduction, data presentation,conclusion drawing, or data verification. The study results show that the reinforcement of Islamic Education learning in the community revolution era was 5.0. by integrating Islamic religious values into KDP values. This integration is to overcome the children’s moral crisis in the era of communitylife 5.0. The use of digital technology as a learning medium is the right step to balance the needs of society 5.0. Thus, the welfare and quality of life of the people increases. Especially the needs of all elements in the field of education.
Manual de Escrita Científica: Teoria e Prática Aplicadas à Bioinformática
Authors: Mariano Diego , Santos Lucianna
Published: February 2021

No mundo moderno, a ciência surge como um elemento transformador para sociedade. Ao cientista, é atribuída a missão de compreender problemas que afetam as pessoas e propor soluções a partir de suas observações e experimentos. Além disso, não se deve esquecer que também é tarefa do cientista documentar seus achados, garantindo assim que o conhecimento adquirido se torne acessível a todos, ou seja, se torne público (por isso, diz-se que um trabalho acadêmico é publicado). Entretanto, a escrita muitas vezes se revela como “uma pedra no sapato” de jovens e, até mesmo, de experientes pesquisadores. Isso acontece porque o processo científico envolve diversas etapas e procedimentos, e muitos acabam deixando as etapas de revisão bibliográfica e documentação das atividades para o fim. Assim, por mais estranho que pareça, escrever pode se tornar uma tarefa complicada aos acadêmicos (caso não seja constantemente colocada em prática). Neste livro, apresentamos alguns aspectos introdutórios da metodologia do trabalho científico. Propomos ainda algumas estratégias para escrita acadêmica, focando principalmente em trabalhos da área de bioinformática. É claro que as estratégias aqui apresentadas poderão ser adotadas por pesquisadores de outras áreas; entretanto, os exemplos apresentados neste livro originam-se de dissertações, teses e artigos científicos da área de bioinformática e biologia computacional. Acreditamos que as metodologias apresentadas aqui poderão ser úteis principalmente para estudantes durante a escrita de trabalhos de conclusão de curso, dissertações e teses. Entretanto, destacamos que não somos profissionais da área de letras, mas convenhamos, você não precisa ser para saber elaborar textos que possam ser bem compreendidos por seus leitores. A escrita acadêmico-científica deve ser técnica e concisa. Por fim, destacamos que este livro não tem como meta estabelecer regras gramaticais que deverão ser seguidas rigidamente (apesar de citarmos algumas). Nosso objetivo é apresentar um guia introdutório para a escrita de trabalhos acadêmicos, propondo algumas dicas e estratégias que poderão ser adotadas. Bons estudos!
Effects of strain, live weight and micro-environment on body weight development of cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) in the humid tropics
Authors: Jesuyon O. M. A. , Bankole T. O.
Published: February 2021

Interactive effects of strain, live weight and a non-genetic factor namely micro-environment on the live weight development of cane rats reared in captivity were investigated over a seven-month period. A total of seventy-nine (79) cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus) originating from three different sources (strains) and of four body weight categories were used for the study. The treatment design was 4x3 Factorial of Live-weightXStrain randomlyassigned to 3 Houses (block) using RCBD, while statistical analysis utilized GLM procedure of SAS® (1999). Data were recorded  monthly based on Treatment-combinations and House-micro-environment. Results revealed that effects of strain, live weight category and house-micro-environment on strains were significant. Consequently, interactive effect of strainXhouse-micro-environment was found most depressing on awole>FRIN>Bamidele, while strainXlive-weight category interaction exerted most positive influence on Lawole strain which demonstrated the highest ability for body weight development than other two strains. Findings revealed that interactive effect of STRxHME was most significant on weight development. Bamidele strain was identified as most acclimatized and adaptable of the three strains based on least body weight sensitivity and variation between HMEs. Different strains of cane rat in captive rearing systems would exhibit different and specific reaction norms under interaction of strain, Body weight and House-micro-environment. This knowledge is useful for feeding regimes, husbandry and reeding schemes for cane rats in humid tropics.
Cardioprotective effects of Citrullus lanatus rinds in male wistar rats
Authors: Akintunde O. G. , Ajibola E. S. , Abakpa S. A. V. , Oluwo B. O. , Olukunle J. O.
Published: February 2021

Water melon, citrullus lanatus is a common edible fruit belongs to the family of cucumber (Cucurbitacea). The outer part of citrullus lanatus known as the rind is always discarded. This study investigated the effects of ethanol extract of citrullus lanatus rinds orally administered on some liver function enzymes, kidney function markers, cardiac risk ratio, and the atherogenic coefficient indices in male wistar rats. Twenty-five male Wistar albino rats were randomly distributed into five groups (I, II, III, IV and V) of five rats each received 0mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds respectively for 35days. The result showed that the effects of ethanol extract of citrullus lanatus rinds was not significant difference (p > 0.05) in serum liver enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase) in increasing dose dependent manner when compared with control group. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in serum levels of urea and creatinine with increasing dose of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds in rats when compared with control group. The extract showed significantly higher (p< 0.05) values in the serum HDL, cholesterol but there were significant reduction (p< 0.05) in the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and non-HDL values in rats at higher doses of the extract when compared with control group. While it was observed that the cardiac risk ratio, the atherogenic coefficient and indices decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in rats at increasing doses of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds when compared with control group. This may suggest a likely cardio-protective effects of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds in increasing dose dependent manner in rats when compared with control group. In conclusion, it can be inferred that Citrullus lanatus rinds can be consumed by animals without detrimental effect.
Discrimination of the Nigerian local turkeys into breeds using linear body measurements
Authors: Nosike R. J. , Obike O. M. , Ezea J. , Obasi E. N. , Ebuzor C. A. , Onunkwo D. N , Nwakpu O. F. , Ibe S. N. , Oke U. K.
Published: February 2021

Turkey is one of the poultry species that is declining in Nigeria due to its importation as frozen turkey. In this study, a total of 78 day-old random-bred Nigerian local turkey poults were used to generate another 232 day-old poults to discriminate Nigerian local turkey based on linear body measurements. Three phenotypic classes (Black, White and Spotted) were obtained as base population and used to generate F1 progeny. Experimental design was a randomized complete block (RCBD) with phenotypic class as major factor of interest and hatch as block. Linear body measurements (LBMs), namely body length (BDL), shank length (SHL), keel length (KLL), breast width (BW), wing length (WGL) and drumstick length (DSL) were significantly different at weeks 7, 9, 11 and 19. There were two discriminant functions. The variance ratio (eigenvalue) of each of the two discriminant functions were not significant (p>0.05). The percentage of the total variance explained was 87.7% and 12.3% for the two functions respectively. Group centroids for the phenotypic classes were 7.210, -1.254 and -5.956 for Black, White and Spotted turkeys respectively. The magnitudes and signs of the group centroids indicate that the three phenotypes are distinctly different from one another when BDL (weeks 7, 11, 13 and 15), WGL (weeks 7, 9 and 11), KLL (weeks 7, 9 and 15) and SHL (weeks 11 and 21) are used as the discriminating factors. The study shows that linear body measurement is a reliable classification criterion for discriminating among the phenotypes, which are therefore, correctly described as different breeds/strains. Therefore, for rapid improvement in local turkeys and breed development, these linear body traits could be used to enhance its discrimination, classification and appropriate grouping into breeds. The present findings could assist in the design of long-term genetic improvement programmes for local turkey breeding and production in Nigeria.
Performance, serum biochemical indices and crude protein utilisation by broiler chickens fed diets based on two varieties of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grits I. Starter Phase
Authors: Ogunwole O. A. , Abayomi F. D. , Oladimeji S. O. , Olumide M. D. , Lawal H. O. , Idowu A. I. , Mosuro A. O. , Kulakow P. O. , Iluebbey P. , Tewe O. O.
Published: February 2021

Effect of dietary inclusion of cassava grits (Manihot esculenta Crantz) from two cassava varieties TME 419 and TMS 01/1371 as replacement for maize on performance, serum biochemical indices and crude protein utilization of broiler chicks was investigated in a three-week trial with Abor Acre plus broiler chicks (n=210). In a completely randomized design, birds were allotted to seven treatments, each replicated thrice with 10 birds per replicate. Diet 1 comprised 50 % maize and 0 % cassava grits, diets 2, 3 and 4 had their respective maize content replaced at 25, 50 and 75 % with cassava grits from TMS 01/1371 while diets 5, 6 and 7 was replaced correspondingly with cassava grits from TME 419 at 25, 50 and 75 %, respectively for a duration of 21-day. Increased dietary cassava grits significantly lowered (P<0.05) weight gain and metabolizable crude protein of broiler chicks. Birds on diets 3, 4, 6 and 7 had similar weight gain, feed conversion ratio and metabolizable crude protein. Except for significantly increased (P<0.05) total protein and alkaline phosphatase due to interactions of cassava varieties and inclusion levels, effects of cassava varieties and inclusion levels on other serum indices were similar (P>0.05). Regression of metabolizable crude protein on graded cassava grit inclusion for both varieties were negative and significant (P<0.05) for TME 419 (R2 =0.355) and highly significant (P<0.01) for TMS 01/1371 (R2 =0.6639). Both graphs clearly depicted decreased metabolizable crude protein due to increased cassava grits in the diets. Increased dietary cassava grits of both varieties resulted in lowered metabolizable crude protein and serum indices with concomitant increased feed conversion ratio of broiler starter chicks.
Performance and nutrient digestibility of crossbred weaned pigs fed raw pride of barbados (Caesalpina pulcherrima) seed meal
Authors: Ogunbode A. A. , Baderinwa A. F. , Gbemisola I. O.
Published: February 2021

Deficit of conventional feed resources in meeting increased demand has led to hike in their prices culminating in soaring cost of livestock feed. This has necessitated the search for cheap and easily available alternatives. Pride of barbados seed which constitute a waste has potential of becoming a cheap and easily available feed resource. Performance and nutrient digestibility of dietary inclusion of raw pride of barbados seed meal was evaluated in an eight week feeding trial. Atotal of sixteen crossbred (Large White x Landrace) weaned pigs of eight weeks of age were weighed and allotted to four dietary treatments with four pigs each being a replicate in a completely randomized design. Diet 1 (control) was without raw pride of barbados seed meal while 5%, 10% and 15% of virgin raw pride of barbados were included in diets 2,3 and 4 respectively. Weekly weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio and nutrient digestibility of raw pride of barbados seed meal was also determined. Results revealed a significant average final body weight of 16.75kg (diet 3) to 24.50kg (diet 4).The pigs fed 15% raw pride of barbados had the highest feed intake of 137.20kg in diet 4 while the lowest feed intake was obtained in pigs fed 10% (diet 3) inclusion level of raw pride of barbados. Pigs maintained on the control diet had the best feed conversion (7.60kg) while the pigs fed diet 3 had the lowest feed conversion ratio (8.93kg). Crude protein, ether extract and dry matter digestibility was highest at T4 (84.15%, 80.21% and 86.70%) respectively while the least values (68.71%, 65.75% and 71.10% was obtained in T2 and T3 respectively. This study concluded that 15% inclusion of raw pride of barbados in the diets of crossbred weaned pigs had no deleterious effect on performance and nutrient digestibility of pigs.
Effect of replacing concentrates with plantain peels and maize stalk on performance and serum biochemistry of weaned pigs
Authors: Adebiyi O. A. , Oshinowo O. A.
Published: February 2021

A total of 36 pigs were randomly allotted into three dietary treatments to evaluate the effects of feeding concentrates, plantain peels and maize stalk on the weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, high density lipoprotein, Aspartate amino transferase, Alanine amino transferase, glucose, total protein, triglycerides and cost of production of weaned pigs. Treatment 1 (T1) contained 100% concentrate; Treatment 2 (T2) contained Plantain peels supplemented concentrate diet, while Treatment 3 (T3) had Maize stalk supplemented concentrate diet. The diets were fed in a ratio of 40:60 (concentrates: supplement). Each treatment had 12 weaned pigs with three replicates of four pigs per replicate in a completely randomized design. The experiment lasted for six weeks. Results showed significant variations in the feed intake of all the experimental animals. Pigs fed concentrate (T1) consumed 5.04kg/pig/week compared to 5.57kg/pig/week and 5.11kg/pig/week that were consumed by pigs in T2 and T3 respectively. However, pigs fed on 100% concentrate (T1) had better feed conversion ratio (3.09) compared to their counterparts fed plantain peels (T2) supplemented concentrate diet (5.69) and maize stalk supplemented concentrate diet (4.91). Although, it cost more to feed pigs T1 diet (N100/week) compared to T2 (N59.00) and T3 (N65.00), the cost/ gain ratio was however better with pigs in TI having value of N309.00 compared to N355.70 and N319.15 recorded for pigs in T2 and T3, respectively. No significant (P>0.05) difference was observed in glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides of the weaners across the treatments. However, pigs fed T2 had AST value of 57.77mg/dl which was significantly higher than 49.05 mg/dl and 26.00 mg/dl observed for pigs fed T3 and T2 respectively. The results further revealed 47.64 mg/dl as the ALT value recorded for pigs that were fed T1 which was significantly lower compared with 59.81md/dl recorded for pigs fed T2. Based on the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that feeding plantain peel and maize stalk as supplement to weaned pigs might be cheaper. The cost/weight gain was not encouraging. Furthermore, the plantain peels and maize stalk supplementation did not confer any additional benefit in the serum profile of the weaners. They should therefore be discouraged in weaners diet.
Performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed maize-cassava diets supplemented with methionine and inorganic sulphur
Authors: Oguntoye M. A. , Idowu O. M. O. , Oso A. O.
Published: February 2021

The major challenges of cassava supplementation in poultry diets are high cyanide and low protein content. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of maize-cassava diets supplemented with methionine and inorganic sulphur for broiler chickens. Atotal of 270 one day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to nine treatment groups of 30 birds with 10 birds per replicate. Starter and finisher diets were formulated and fed for a period of 56 days. Dietary treatments were subjected to completely randomized design. The birds were fed diets supplemented with 0, 125, 250 mg/kg DL-methionine and 0, 125, 250 mg/kg inorganic sulphur from Cu4SO .There was a linear increase in final weight (FW) and total weight gain (TWG) with supplementation of 125mg/kg DL-methionine across dietary sulphur levels at the starter phase. Birds fed diets supplemented with 125 mg/kg DL-methionine and 250 mg/kg inorganic sulphur showed higher (p<0.05values of 463.23g, 424.66g and 2.66 for FW, TWG and feed conversion ratio respectively. The finisher phase followed a similar trend. Carcass yield showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in dress weight, cut part and organ weight in birds fed diets supplemented with 125 mg/kg DL-methionine and 250 mg/kg inorganic sulphur. The findings revealed that birds with diets supplemented with125 mg/kg DL-methionine and 250 mg/kg inorganic sulphur showed improved growth performance and carcass yield. In conclusion from this study supplementation of DL-methionine and inorganic sulphur in diets for broiler chickens resulted in improved growth performance and carcass yield.
Proximate, vitamin and mineral composition of earthworm (Hyperiodrilus euryaulos) cultured indifferent Animal dung Media
Authors: Ukoha O. A. , Onunkwo D. N. , Obike O. M. , Nze U. C.
Published: February 2021

The experiment to investigate the proximate, vitamin and mineral composition of earthworm (Hyperiodriluseuryaulos) cultured in different animal dung media was conducted using a completely randomized design for ten weeks. Rabbit, Poultry, Pig and Goat dungs were incorporated into garden soil after sterilizing in other to ensure that there was no earthworm or any insect alive in the substrate. Live earthworms were introduced into these different animal dungs which were designated as T1,T2, T3 and T4 for rabbit, poultry, pig and goat dungs respectively. Diet formulated with maize, palm kernel cake and wheat offal was evenly spread on the diet and then mixed with the substrate. At the end of the tenth week, the earthworms were harvested by hand picking. They were soaked in warm water to kill them and rinsed with cold water to remove sand. The dried and milled earthworms were analyzed for chemical composition. The result of the study revealed significant (p<0.05) differences in percentage dry matter, ash, ether extract, crude protein, crude fiber, and nitrogen free extract and Metabolizable energy. The earthworm cultured in goat dung (T4) had the highest (p<0.05) crude protein percent of 38.49% while those from the rabbit dung (T1) recorded 28.72%CP. The Sodium content of the earthworms cultured in rabbit droppings T1was significantly (p<0.05) the highest recording 126.52mg, while others were 86.63, 86.40 and 93.73mg for poultry, pig and goat dungs respectively.1.74Vitamin A content of earthworms cultured in the different animal dung media were 1.74mg/100g DM, 2.10, 1.36 and 1.30mg/100g DM for the rabbit, poultry, pig and goat dungs respectively. The proximate composition of the earthworms cultured in the different animal dung media indicate that the earthworms except those cultured in the poultry droppings have high crude protein content and can be used to substitute fish meal in livestock diets. Moreover, the high content of ash in all the treatments suggests that they may be rich in minerals especially sodium.
Blood profile of broiler chickens fed varying levels of crude fibre and energy in multi-fibre source-based diets without enzyme supplementation
Authors: Salami R. I. , Odunsi A. A.
Published: February 2021

This study sought to assess the effect of dietary crude fibre – energy relationships onthe blood profile of unsexed Obamarshal strain of broiler chickens fed different levels of dietary crude fibre (CF) each at three levels of metabolisable energy (ME) in multi-fibre source-based diets from day-old to 56 days of age. Results indicated that neither CF nor ME and their interaction had significant effect on hematological indices measured at 50 days of age. The values of hematological indices obtained for the treatment groups fell within the standard values for normal chickens. Except for the blood cholesterol, there was no significant effect of varying levels of CF or ME on other serum metabolites and likewise their interaction effect. While increasing CF level tended to reduce significantly (P<0.05) blood cholesterol, incremental levels of ME tended to increase (P<0.05) blood cholesterol and also their interaction effects. The values of serum cholesterol in the birds ranged from 106 mg/dl for diet B to 181 mg/dl for diet D, which were within the range for normal chicken. Conclusively, the findings showed that blood profile was not adversely affected even at 12% CF and 3000 ME (Kcal/kg) diet.
Genetic response to short-term index selection in females and mass selection in males of the Nigerian heavy local chicken ecotype
Authors: Ogbu C. C. , Nwosu C. C.
Published: February 2021

The study aimed to determine genetic gain in growth and egg production in the Nigerian indigenous chicken (NIC) subjected to multiple trait index selection for females and mass selection for males. The experimental birds (G generation) were generated from a reference 0 population of NIC and reared according to sire families from hatch. At point of lay, females were housed individually in laying cages for egg production. Hens were selected based on index scores calculated using an index of weighted breeding values constructed from own performance in body weight at first egg (BWFE), egg weight (EW) and egg production (EN), trait heritabilities and relative economic weights while cocks were selected based on own performance in body weight at 39 weeks of age (BW ). Selected parents were mated to 39 generate the G generation which in turn yielded the parents of the G generation. A control 1 2 population was used to measure environmental effects. Data were analyzed using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) computer programme. For hens, expected average direct genetic gain per generation was 12.58, 2.98g and 25.04g for EN, EW and BWFE, respectively while realized genetic gain was 2.19 and 1.59 for EN, 1.65 and 0.26g for EW, and -25.60 and 123.64g for BWFE for G and G generations, respectively. The corresponding 0 1 values for ratio of realized to expected genetic gains were 2.27 and 1.22, 3.15 and 0.24, and 0.95 and 2.21, respectively. Heritability (h2) ranged from 0.12 to 0.24 for EN, 0.34 to 0.43 for EW and 0.57 to 0.69 for BWFE, across the three generations. Similar improvements in BW 39 were observed in males with an average expected gain of 508.50g per generation. In conclusion, growth and egg production in the NIC can be improved using mass selection for cocks and index of weighted breeding values for hens.
Assessment of rural dwellers' involvement in livestock farming as a means of livelihood in Afijio Local Government Area of Oyo State
Authors: Oyelami B. A. , Eniola O. , Osikabor B. , Abegunrin O. O. , Ogunwale O. G. , Adeyanju O.
Published: February 2021

The study was designed to investigate the involvement of the rural dwellers in livestock farming as a means of livelihood in Afijio Local Government area of Oyo State. Data were collected with the aid of well constructed questionnaire distributed to respondents selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data collected were subjected to descriptive analysis; Chi-square was used to determine the relationship between socio-economic factors and their level of involvement in livestock farming as a means of livelihood. Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to examine the relationship between constraints and benefits of livestock farming to the livelihood of the respondents. The result of the study shows that majority of the respondents (59.8%) were male, Married (63.2%) with minimal of primary school education (35.9%). The analysis of the data reveals that most of the respondents in the study area are involved in livestock farming (60.7%) and mixed farming (85.5%) in most of the time. On the types of livestock, majority of them are into goat and poultry production. This study concludes that most of the respondents in the study area are already into livestock farming but at backyard small holder levels. It is therefore recommended that the rural dwellers should improved in their level of involvement in livestock farming through education and provision of necessary input by the concerned stakeholders.
Effect of organic selenium and zinc supplementation on fertility and hatchability of turkey eggs
Authors: Ogbu N. N. , Ogbu C. C. , Ugwu S. O. C.
Published: February 2021

The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of organic selenium (Se-yeast, 0.20mg Se) and zinc (as zinc oxide) on fertility and hatchability of indigenous turkey eggs. Eighteen toms and twenty seven hens aged eighteen weeks were used for the study. The toms were randomly assigned to nine experimental treatments with two birds per treatment: 0mg Se + 0mg Zn/kg (T or control), 0.2mg Se (T ), 0.3mg Se (T ), 110mg Zn (T ), 120mg Zn (T ), 0.2mg Se + 110mg 1 2 3 4 5 Zn (T ), 0.3mg Se + 110mg Zn (T ), 0.2mg Se + 120mg Zn (T ), 0.3mg Se + 120mg Zn/kg (T ) in 6 7 8 9 a completely randomized design. At 32 weeks of age, semen was collected twice a week from toms in each treatment and used to inseminate hens belonging to the treatment. A total of 100 eggs in four batches were incubated from each treatment group and these were used to evaluate fertility, hatchability, and embryonic mortality. Supplementation of the diet of turkey toms with 0.3mg Se or 120mg Zn/kg of feed produced sperm which gave higher percentage fertility and hatchability and lower embryonic death in inseminated turkey hens compared to the control and those supplemented with 0.20mg Se or 110mg Zn/kg. Also the combination of Se and Zn improved fertility, hatchability, and embryonic viability than sole Se or Zn supplementation. Overall, supplementation with 0.3mg Se + 110mg Zn or 0.3mg Se + 120mg Zn/kg was found best to improve fertility, hatchability and embryonic viability in inseminated turkey hens
Effects of cooking oils and packaging media on quality of meat floss
Authors: Olayemi R. K. , Omojola A. B.
Published: February 2021

Meat floss (MF) is one of the popular ready-to-eat meat products among the elites of northern Nigeria, which is fast extending to some other parts of the country because of its long shelflife at room temperature. Nonetheless, there is little documentation on the keeping quality during storage when MF is prepared from different cooking oil and packaged in different materials. In this study, meat floss was produced from raw beef (3kg) by cooking, cooling, shredding and deep frying. The deep frying was done in three cooking oils (groundnut oil - GO, soya oil - SO and palm oil - PO) and the products were packed in three materials (acrylic bottle - P1, polyethylene - P2 and polyamide - P3). The frying was done using 1 litre each oil to 500 g of shredded meat, continued until golden brown colour was reached at about 20 minutes. The iodine number of each of the three oil types, and the crude protein and moisture contents of the raw meat and freshly prepared meat floss were determined. At 7, 14 and 21 days of storage the meat floss types were assessed for microbial growth and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS). The study was a 3 x 3 factorial experiment fitted into completely randomized design replicated three times. The GO had highest iodine number (38.83) and PO had the least (28.00). The protein content of MF (43.93%) was higher than that of raw meat (21.79%). The MFSO was richest in crude protein (44.54%) but MFPO had highest moisture content (14.33%). The microbial load (1.49 log10-2cfu/cm2) and TBARS (0.82mg MDA/kg) of fresh MFSO was highest. The microbial load decreased with storage, with highest values obtained in MFSO on 0, 7 and 14 days. However on day 21, the three MF types had similar lowest microbial load. The polyamide pack had the highest microbial load throughout the storage period. Conversely, the TBARS of MF prepared from the three oils and stored in the three materials increased with storage for 21 days, with highest values obtained in MFSO and in polyamide. Nonetheless, all values obtained for microbial load and TBARS during storage did not exceed the threshold values for spoilage of stored meat products. It can be inferred from the study that though meat floss produced from palm oil and packed in acrylic bottle stored best, any of the three oils and any of the three packaging media retained the keeping quality of beef meat floss for 21 days at room temperature.
Effect of protein dietary protein levels on milk component, udder parameters, blood and physiological indices of West African dwarf goat
Authors: Adewumi O. O. , Okwelum N. , Williams T. J. , James I. J. , Sowande O. S. , Akinlabi E. T. , Osunlaja A. , Omololu B. A. , Mufutau S. O. , Jinad R. O
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of protein supplementation at 12%, 14% and 16.41% crude protein (CP) levels on the milk yield of West African dwarf dams. A total of twelve lactating dams, which were intensively managed and hand-milked on weekly basis were used for the study. Feed intakes, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratios (PER) were monitored. Milk and blood samples were taken. The udder morphometry and milk composition were determined. Result showed that the dry matter and crude protein values ranged between 89.7 and 90.1% and 11.51 and 14.88% respectively. Dams on 12% protein supplemented feed recorded the highest daily dry matter intake (DMI) of (203.63 g/day) while, 16% protein supplemented feed had the least DMI (195.54 g/day). The value of crude fiber ranged between 9.98 and 13.31% while the value of ash ranged between 6.23 and 9.99%. Also, the values of ether extract ranged between 2.88 and 6.65%. Dams on 16% protein diet gained significantly (p<0.05) more weight (106.19g/day) and had the least feed conversion ratio (1.88). Milk component and nutrient digestibility did not vary among diets except for ether extract that was least in dams on 16% CP level. Dams on 14% and 16% protein diet supported the highest calcium concentration. Udder parameters and blood indices were not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by dietary protein levels. The rectal, espiratory and pulse rate were within the normal range. Pulse rate was more normal in dams on 12% and 16% dietary protein level. It can therefore be concluded that 16% crude protein level could be used for lactating West African dwarf dams to improve milk production and health condition of lactating dams.
Haematological and biochemical indices of broiler chicken fed graded levels of boiled African yam beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpa)
Authors: Eburuaja A. S. , Onunkwo D. N. , Adedokun O. O.
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the haematological and biochemical indices of broiler chicken fed graded levels of boiled African yam beans. The birds, 120 in number were allotted into four treatment groups having three replicate per treatment and 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design were used. Diet 1 was the control and corn-soy bean-based while diets 2, 3, and 4 had boiled African am beans at 10, 15 and 20% respectively. Blood samples were collected from eight weeks old broiler chicken into two sets of labeled sterile bottles and used for the analysis. The values observed for white blood cells (2.43, 2.71, 2.72. 2.76), packed cell volume (31.00, 31.04, 28.00, 27.00) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (32.83, 32.70, 29.60, 33.93%) for diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively fell within the normal range reported for healthy broiler chicken while the red blood cells for diets 1, 2, and 3 are comparable. Blood of birds in Diets 2, 3 and 4 had similar values of alkaline phosphatase which were higher than those of diet 1. Those in diets3 and 4 had highest values of urea (30.00mg/dl), creatinine (0.413mg/dl) and lowest values of albumen (1.500d/L). Feeding boiled African yam bean above 10% level of inclusion resulted in increase in alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine. For optimal productivity 10% inclusion of boiled African yam beans is therefore recommended.
Photoperiodism and pen colouration: effects on the performance characteristics of growing gilts
Authors: Adebiyi O. A. , Adelowo O. V.
Published: February 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of photoperiod and pen colouration on growth performance characteristics of grower gilts. Forty-eight crossbred (Large white x Landrace) grower gilts at 16 weeks of age with mean body weight of 16.82±0.26 kg were randomly allotted to four (4) treatments. Pens were painted with different colours: pantone441 (control), pantone293 (blue), pantone185 (red) and pantone361 (green) and exposed to photoperiods of 12, 15 and 18 hours (h). The experimental design was 4x3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design. Performance parameters measured were Feed Intake (FI), Final Weight (FW) and Weight Gain (WG), while Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was calculated weekly throughout the 8 weeks of the experiment. Respiratory and rectal temperatures were monitored. The ambient temperature-humidity index (THI) was also monitored. The main effect of pen colour showed significant (p<0.05) variations in FW and WG of gilts with values ranging from 33.68±0.78 kg (red) to 31.00±2.13 kg (green) and 2.10±0.10 kg (red) to 1.77±0.25 kg (green) respectively. Significant reduction was observed in the FCR of gilts in red pens (4.02±0.30) compared to their counterparts in blue (5.05±0.79), green (4.54±0.75) and control (4.13±0.22) pens. However, photoperiod had no significant effects on FW and WG across the treatments. Gilts in 12 h photoperiod had the highest significant (p<0.05) FI and FCR of 9.21±1.68 kg and 4.84±0.83 compared to 7.97±0.19 kg and 4.22±0.52 recorded for gilts exposed to 18h photoperiod respectively. Interactions of pen colour x photoperiods: control pen x 12 h (32.18±0.57), blue pen x 12 h (33.00±1.41), red pens x 12 h (34.25±0.50) and green pens x 12 h (29.00±0.82) was significant for FW. The same trend was also observed for WG, FI and FCR. The THI varied from 79.5 to 71.5 throughout the period of the experiment. It can therefore be concluded that increasing the photoperiod (hour of day-length) beyond 12 hours may not lead to additional positive impact on the weight changes of gilts but resulted in better feed conversion ratio.However, gilts housed in red pen had better feed utilisation.
Profitability analysis of goat marketing in Ado Ekiti metropolis, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Authors: Bamigboye F. O. , Oluwasusi J. O. , Sodiq A. R.
Published: February 2021

Profitability of a livestock business has a great influence on its sourcing, distribution and sustainability. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the profitability of goat enterprise. A total of sixty respondents were randomly selected from two major markets in Ado-Ekiti metropolis (Shasha and Oja-Oba markets). Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire coupled with personal interview on socio economic characteristics of the respondents, cost and returns from goat marketing. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgeting analysis. The results on socio economic characteristics showed that goat marketers were predominantly married (63.3%) and relatively old (with a mean age of 58 years) in the study area. Profitability of a livestock business has a great influence on its sourcing, distribution and sustainability. Thus, this study was carried out to determine the profitability of goat enterprise. A total of sixty respondents were randomly selected from two major markets in Ado-Ekiti metropolis (Shasha and Oja-Oba markets). Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire coupled with personal interview on socio economic characteristics of the respondents, cost and returns from goat marketing. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and budgeting analysis. The results on socio economic characteristics showed that goat marketers were predominantly married (63.3%) and relatively old (with a mean age of 58 years) in the study area. The costs and returns analysis showed that mean Total Variable Cost (TVC) incurred in the marketing of goats per annum was N489, 700.00 while the mean Total Revenue (TR) was N720, 000.00 and the mean Gross Margin (GM) per seller was N230,300.00. The results implied that goat marketing in the study area is a profitable business involving both young and old, male and female, educated and illiterate.