bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kidney bean: Protein's treasure trove and creates avenues for a healthy lifestyle
Authors: Srenuja Dekka , Hema Vincent , Anand Maria Tito , Mohan Rangarajan Jagan , Vidyalakshmi Rajagopal
Published: March 2023

Kidney beans (KBs) are a nutrient‐dense and inexpensive legume crop that plays a crucial role in ensuring food security and is consumed globally. They are a treasure trove of nearly 20–30% protein, called vicilin or phaseolin, and these beans are also fair sources of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and bioactive compounds. These protein compounds have significant potential as plant‐based protein sources, owing to their functional properties and nutritional benefits. The current article provides an enthralling insight into the nutritional profile, constraints on its usage, production, and other basic details of KB. It highlighted the processing technology of the kidney bean protein isolates (KBPIs), and an in‐depth discussion was done on the KBPI's structural and functional traits to explore their potential, which is helpful in the formulation of novel foods and beverages. In the present scenario, KBPI in large‐scale industrial applications is skimpy; hence, the present article provides the applications of KB proteins in foods and edible films, which could be beneficial in the futuristic world. The current article opens up new avenues for investigating the utilization of KBs and their proteins in research and development (R&D) and manufacturing. This approach encourages further exploration of KB and their proteins in R&D, manufacturing, and commercialization. Such efforts have the potential to add significant value to KBs, promote healthy lifestyles among consumers, and boost the economy. Overall, the article presents a compelling case for expanding the utilization of KB in various applications, highlighting the possibilities for innovation and Legume Science development in this area.
Effect of anionic surfactants as pitting corrosion inhibitors for stainless steels
Authors: Yalcinkaya Mustafa Onur , Gaspard Alix , Altenbach Christoph , Zander Daniela
Published: March 2023

Although anionic surfactants have been widely introduced as inhibitors against uniform corrosion, their efficiency as pitting inhibitors remains unclear. Herein, fatty alcohol ether sulfate (FAES), linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), and palm kernel oil (PKO) were tested for a Ti‐stabilized (1.4510) and a nonstabilized grade (1.4016) of ferritic stainless steel in alkaline chloride solutions containing H2O2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were performed to elucidate the adsorption of surfactants at OCP, followed by potentiodynamic polarization. For 1.4510, LAS and FAES did not significantly affect the EIS results but inhibited pitting initiation with identical efficiencies. In the case of 1.4016, Cr‐rich carbides acted as adsorption sites, where LAS showed higher efficiency than FAES. While LAS and FAES interact preferentially with pitting initiation sites, PKO appears to adsorb randomly on the passive film. Consequently, inhibition can reach a maximum due to the electrical neutralization of the surface. Finally, LAS can be effective as an inhibitor for stainless steel containing carbides that can lead to pitting initiation.
Stability scenarios and period‐doubling onset of chaos in a population model with delayed harvesting
Authors: Pati N. C. , Ghosh Bapan
Published: March 2023

In this work, we investigate complete stability behaviors of the Rosenzweig–MacArthur predator–prey model with delayed harvesting of the prey. The unharvested system exhibits either a steady‐state or an oscillatory dynamics for the coexistence of the species. We explore how the delayed harvesting affects the dynamics of these two modes by analyzing the system stability in effort‐delay bi‐parameter plane. Some novel dynamical scenarios and intricate dynamics are obtained. Analytical conditions for different stability scenarios are derived by examining the associated quasi‐polynomial eigenvalue equation. For invariant harvesting effort, the time delay induces four stability scenarios: stability invariance, instability invariance, stability change, and stability switching. On the other hand, the effort instigates five stability scenarios: stability invariance, instability invariance, stability change, instability change, and instability switching, when the delay strength is fixed. Majority of literatures on harvesting reported that harvesting stabilizes predator–prey interactions. However, we will show that the delayed harvesting can destabilize the system. One of the novelties of the study is to unveil the occurrence of effort‐induced chaos via period‐doubling mechanism. Interestingly, the effort‐induced switching phenomena and chaos do not occur for non‐delayed harvesting.
Acute coronary event (ACE) prediction following breast radiotherapy by features extracted from 3D CT, dose, and cardiac structures
Authors: Choi Byong Su , Yoo Sang Kyun , Moon Jinyoung , Chung Seung Yeun , Oh Jaewon , Baek Stephen , Kim Yusung , Chang Jee Suk , Kim Hojin , Kim Jin Sung
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Heart toxicity, such as major acute coronary events (ACE), following breast radiation therapy (RT) is of utmost concern. Thus, many studies have been investigating the effect of mean heart dose (MHD) and dose received in heart sub‐structures on toxicity. Most studies focused on the dose thresholds in the heart and its sub‐structures, while few studies adopted such computational methods as deep neural networks (DNN) and radiomics. This work aims to construct a feature‐driven predictive model for ACE after breast RT.

Methods

A recently proposed two‐step predictive model that extracts a number of features from a deep auto‐segmentation network and processes the selected features for prediction was adopted. This work refined the auto‐segmenting network and feature processing algorithms to enhance performance in cardiac toxicity prediction. In the predictive model, the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) extracted features from 3D computed tomography (CT) images and dose distributions in three automatically segmented heart sub‐structures, including the left anterior descending artery (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA), and left ventricle (LV). The optimal feature processing workflow for the extracted features was explored to enhance the prediction accuracy. The regions associated with toxicity were visualized using a class activation map (CAM)‐based technique. Our proposed model was validated against a conventional DNN (convolutional and fully connected layers) and radiomics with a patient cohort of 84 cases, including 29 and 55 patient cases with and without ACE. Of the entire 84 cases, 12 randomly chosen cases (5 toxicity and 7 non‐toxicity cases) were set aside for independent test, and the remaining 72 cases were applied to 4‐fold stratified cross‐validation.

Results

Our predictive model outperformed the conventional DNN by 38% and 10% and radiomics‐based predictive models by 9% and 10% in AUC for 4‐fold cross‐validations and independent test, respectively. The degree of enhancement was greater when incorporating dose information and heart sub‐structures into feature extraction. The model whose inputs were CT, dose, and three sub‐structures (LV, LAD, and RCA) reached 96% prediction accuracy on average and 0.94 area under the curve (AUC) on average in the cross‐validation, and also achieved prediction accuracy of 83% and AUC of 0.83 in the independent test. On 10 correctly predicted cases out of 12 for the independent test, the activation maps implied that for cases of ACE toxicity, the higher intensity was more likely to be observed inside the LV.

Conclusions

The proposed model characterized by modifications in model input with dose distributions and cardiac sub‐structures, and serial processing of feature extraction and feature selection techniques can improve the predictive performance in ACE following breast RT.
Antimuscarinic actions on bladder urothelium and lamina propria contractions are similar to those observed in detrusor smooth muscle preparations
Authors: Veer Vineesha , Chess‐Williams Russ , Moro Christian
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Antimuscarinic medications are the first‐line treatments for overactive bladder, the most common form of bladder dysfunction. Their primary action is thought to block detrusor muscarinic receptors. It is unclear, however, if these therapeutics have actions on other tissues within the lower urinary tract. This study assessed whether clinical antimuscarinics have a functional impact on urothelium with lamina propria (U&LP) tissue.

Methods

Strips of porcine detrusor and U&LP were mounted in carbogen‐gassed Krebs‐bicarbonate solution at 37°C. The tissues were paired with carbachol‐response curves performed in the absence or presence of each antimuscarinic. pEC50 values for each curve were analyzed and estimated affinities calculated.

Results

Both detrusor and U&LP tissues contracted with muscarinic receptor stimulation, which was inhibited by commonly used antimuscarinics. In detrusor samples (p < 0.001 for all), right parallel shifts from the control were observed in response to oxybutynin (1 µM), solifenacin (1 µM), tolterodine (1 µM), darifenacin (100 nM), trospium (100 nM) and fesoterodine (100 nM). This shift was consistent in U&LP samples, with no significant differences between the two layers.

Conclusions

The data suggests that clinical antimuscarinics are as effective at inhibiting tonic contractions of the U&LP as they are on detrusor, presenting the U&LP as an alternate target of these medications in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms.
A thematic analysis of fundraiser characteristics in high‐quality major donor fundraising relationships inUShigher education
Authors: Shaker Genevieve G.
Published: March 2023

As nonprofits increasingly rely on large contributions, skillful major gift fundraisers are more important than ever. In contrast to the vast research on donor motivations, there are few examinations of fundraisers or fundraising relationships. This study responds to nonprofits' interest in understanding beneficial fundraising strategies and to the lack of empirical literature with the question: From the donor perspective, what characteristics do fundraisers demonstrate within high‐quality major giving relationships? This exploratory, interview‐based project used a codebook thematic analysis approach based on HEXACO personality theory to review participants' reflections about fundraisers. The 20 participating donors had given between USD$10,000 and USD$40 million to select colleges and universities in the US Midwest region. This study confirms much of what fundraisers believe to be important to major gift donors, with added nuance about the complex form of professionalism donors appreciate. The fundraiser characteristics show several dual emphases, including on field expertiseandinterpersonal acumen, attention to donor concernsandinstitutional interests, patience with the gift‐making processandability to facilitate its progression, and attention to ethical practiceandempathetic interactions. The study shows the inner workings of the major giving relationship fundraising paradigm, reveals how societal perceptions of fundraisers are relevant for understanding donor preferences, and provides a framework for fundraisers to assess and enhance their interactions with major donors.
Yedoma sediments with gravel and rock debris inclusions: Characteristics and origin
Authors: Vasil'chuk Yurij K.
Published: March 2023

Yedoma ice complex sediments with large syngenetic ice wedges (IW) are usually observed in outcrops in river valleys on permafrost plains and on sea coasts and lake shores in the north of Siberia, Alaska, and Canada. Less frequently, they occur in mountainous and foothill regions of East Siberia, for example, in the Upper Kolyma Upland and in river valleys of the Eastern Sayan Range and the Anabar Plateau, as well as in Alaska and Yukon. The author's materials on gravelly Yedoma with IWs in the intermountain basins, on mountain slopes, and on sea coasts and lake shores are presented. The obtained data allow a conclusion that gravelly Yedoma has mainly alluvial, lacustrine, and colluvial origins with an insignificant participation of aeolian processes. Occurrence of the late Pleistocene gravelly deposits with large syngenetic IWs confirms a hypothesis of polygenetic origin of Yedoma.
Influence of different bio‐based and conventional packaging trays on the quality loss of fresh cherry tomatoes during distribution and storage
Authors: Korte Imke , Albrecht Antonia , Mittler Maureen , Waldhans Claudia , Kreyenschmidt Judith
Published: March 2023

The quality loss and shelf life of cherry tomatoes stored in different types of commercially available bio‐based packaging trays were analysed and compared with the reference materials, corrugated cardboard and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET). During storage under conditions reflecting points in a regional German supply chain, typical quality parameters were investigated. Surface bacterial counts of the packaging materials were investigated before and after storage, and material parameters were determined for selected packaging.

The results showed that groundwood pulp and sugar cane trays showed higher preserving characteristics of tomatoes in comparison with the references. During storage, weight loss was highest for tomatoes stored in polylactic acid (PLA). The highest increase in microbial count with 3.5 log10 units was observed after 20 days for tomatoes stored in packaging trays of bamboo. The lowest increase with 0.5 log10 units and 0.6 log10 units was recorded for tomatoes stored in packaging trays of groundwood pulp and grass paper, respectively. The results of the packaging parameters show the highest (411.0 N) and lowest (79.0 N) tensile strength for cellulose and groundwood pulp. The water absorption capacity ranged from <10 g/m2 (bamboo, cellulose) up to 211.2 g/m2 (corrugated cardboard).
Impact of residual pulmonary hypertension on long‐term outcomes after pulmonary endarterectomy in the modern era
Authors: Ishida Keiichi , Kohno Hiroki , Matsuura Kaoru , Sugiura Toshihiko , Sanada Takayuki J. , Naito Akira , Shigeta Ayako , Suda Rika , Sekine Ayumi , Masuda Masahisa , Sakao Seiichiro , Tanabe Nobuhiro , Tatsumi Koichiro , Matsumiya Goro
Published: March 2023

Residual pulmonary hypertension (PH) negatively impacts long‐term results following pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We sought to reveal whether modern PH therapy with PH‐targeted medicine and balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) improved long‐term results of residual PH after PEA. Long‐term findings of 80 patients who survived PEA between 2011 and 2019 were retrospectively investigated. One month after PEA, 30 patients developed residual PH defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mmHg, of whom 23 were treated by PH‐targeted medicine and 9 by BPA. Patients with residual PH acquired considerably better functional status and exercise capacity after PEA, however, exhibited significantly worse survival rates than those without. Eleven patients died during follow‐up: 8 patients with residual PH and 3 controls. Among patients with residual PH, the deceased had a significantly lower %decrease in mPAP from 1 month to 1 year following PEA (7.4 [−32.6 to 8.0] % vs. 10.4 [3.7−27.8] %, p = 0.03) and higher mPAP at 1 year following PEA (39.5 [33.25−42.5] vs. 27 [26−34] mmHg, p < 0.01) despite PH‐targeted medicine than the survived. No patients passed away from right heart failure, and there was no difference between the groups in CTEPH‐related mortality. Modern PH therapy was used to address the majority of residual PH. Long‐term survival after PEA was negatively impacted by residual PH, but it appeared that long‐term mortality was also correlated with unrelieved residual PH despite PH‐targeted medicine. Modern PH therapy may have enhanced functional status and excercise capacity, and averted fatal right heart failure.
Conceptualizing State Voluntary Aid Organizations in Disaster (SVOAD) effectiveness
Authors: Jensen Jessica
Published: March 2023

Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (VOADs) exist at the national, state, regional, and local levels as a platform for sharing information and supporting coordination among nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that support disaster response and recovery efforts in the United States. These entities are described as important in disaster response and recovery policy and plans and in disaster scholarship. Yet, virtually no research has explicitly examined these entities at any level. This research began to address this gap in the literature by exploring what State VOAD (SVOAD) effectiveness meant to current and past SVOAD chairs through semi‐structured interviews. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze data gathered. The result of this analysis is a grounded definition of SVOAD effectiveness and identification of its dimensions. This manuscript presents the definition and the evidence that supports it and discusses how this information may be applied to support practice and future research.
Motivation to learn science, emotions in science classes, and engagement towards science studies in Chilean and Spanish compulsory secondary education students
Authors: Membiela Pedro , Acosta Katherine , Yebra Miguel A. , González Antonio
Published: March 2023

Important factors in learning science include motivational variables (relevance of science learning for personal goals, self‐efficacy for learning science, and interest in a scientific career), emotional variables (boredom and enjoyment in science classes), and engagement variables (vigor, dedication, and absorption towards science studies). Data from 3034 Chilean and Spanish compulsory secondary education students was used to study the relationships between these variables, by means of a self‐report questionnaire analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The model, tested for goodness of fit, showed that motivational variables predict emotions in science classes and explained 43% of boredom variance and 67% of enjoyment variance. Motivational and emotional variables explained the 73% variance in engagement toward science studies. Also seen is the essential role played by emotions that mediate between motivational variables in science learning and engagement towards science studies. When promoting engagement towards science studies, these results can be used to increase relevance of science learning to personal goals, self‐efficacy for learning science, and interest in a scientific career, besides reducing boredom, increasing enjoyment in science classes, and enhancing engagement towards science studies.
Categories of actors involved in tree planting by multinational corporations based in France, Switzerland and the UK
Authors: Mansourian Stephanie , Vallauri Daniel
Published: March 2023

An increasing number of businesses is funding tree planting. Several intermediaries intervene between the funding company and those planting trees, each playing a specific role. To ensure quality tree planting, intervention and leverage points need to be identified. We aim to understand the chain between the corporations that finance tree planting and those planting trees. We reviewed 61 multinational companies from France, Switzerland and the UK, involved in tree planting, and identified the partners with whom they work to attempt to characterise this chain. Our results show that there are at least eight different functions starting with the multinational company, then financiers, regulators, quality controllers, enablers, project developers, brokers and finally, implementers. Most corporations mobilise three to four actors or levels to carry out tree planting. The multiplicity of actors is both positive (e.g., quality assurance) and negative (e.g., adds costs). Growing pressure for corporations to demonstrate social and environmental responsibility signifies that more tree planting is likely. Yet, many challenges exist in this sector, which we aim to describe. Critical challenges we identify include transparency, equity and quality. In conclusion, this booming multilayer sector should be better structured; understanding the actors and their respective roles provides a first step in this direction.
Changes in the physicochemical properties of rapeseed‐derived protein complexes during enzyme‐assisted wet milling
Authors: Alpiger Simone Bleibach , Corredig Milena
Published: March 2023

Oilseeds need to be exploited not only for the oil but also as a source of functional protein‐rich ingredients for food. This work evaluated the physicochemical properties of the colloidal fraction resulting from wet milling of rapeseed, used as a model oilseed. The extraction was conducted either at natural pH (5.7) or at alkaline pH (8.5), with or without addition of a commercial pectinase. The slurry was mixed for 4 h at room temperature, and then pressed at the same pH or after shifting to alkaline/acidic pH. The resulting extract, rich in oil and protein particles, showed differences in particle size, microstructure, and composition. The oil and protein yields in the extract (in relation to the amount originally in the oilseed) ranged between 60% and 70%, with a significant increase in protein recoveries with addition of pectinase, regardless of the pH. A protein concentrate, containing between 25% and 42% protein on dry matter, depending on the treatment was obtained after centrifugation, together with a fiber precipitate and an oil fraction. The composition of the concentrates varied, with the highest purity found for extracts at pH 5.7, showing a nearly complete physical separation of the oleosomes by low‐speed centrifugation. All concentrates showed similar protein composition, as analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition was also similar among the treatments. This work evidences the critical role played by biopolymers' interactions in forming different colloidal structures, with clear consequences on the functionality of the final ingredient.
Large‐Area Black Phosphorus/PtSe2 Schottky Junction for High Operating Temperature Broadband Photodetectors
Authors: Yang Xue , Zhou Xi , Li Lei , Wang Ning , Hao Rui , Zhou Yanan , Xu Hua , Li Yingtao , Zhu Guangming , Zhang Zemin , Wang Junru , Feng Qingliang
Published: March 2023

High operating temperature (HOT) broadband photodetectors are urgently necessary for extreme condition applications in infrared‐guided missiles, infrared night vision, fire safety imaging, and space exploration sensing. However, conventional photodetectors show dramatic carrier mobility decreases and carrier losses with low photoresponsivity at HOT due to the increased carrier scattering in channels at high temperatures. Herein, the HOT broadband photodetectors from room temperature to 470 K are developed for the first time by large‐area black phosphorus (BP)/PtSe2 films device arrays via a depletion‐enhanced photocarrier dynamics strategy. Attributed to the 2D Schottky junction at BP/PtSe2 interface and resulting in full depleted working channels, the BP/PtSe2 photodetector arrays exhibit high tolerance to carrier mobility decrease during the increasing operating temperature in a wide wavelength range from 532 to 2200 nm. Thus, the photodetector shows a state‐of‐the‐art operating temperature at 470 K with the photo‐responsivity (R) and specific detectivity (D*) of 25 A W−1 and 6.4 × 1011 Jones under 1850 nm illumination, respectively. Moreover, BP/PtSe2 photodetector arrays show high‐uniformity photo‐response in a large area. This work provides new strategies for high‐performance broadband photodetector arrays with HOT by Schottky junction of large‐area BP/PtSe2 films.
Novelty All‐Inorganic Titanium‐Based Halide Perovskite for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion
Authors: Zhou Jinchen , Wu Daofu , Tian Changqing , Liang Zhiyu , Ran Hongmei , Gao Bo , Luo Zhongtao , Huang Qiang , Tang Xiaosheng
Published: March 2023

Lead halide perovskite materials have great potential for photocatalytic reaction due to their low fabrication cost, unique optical absorption coefficient, and suitable band structures. However, the main problems are the toxicity and instability of the lead halide perovskite materials. Therefore, a facile synthetic method is used to prepare lead‐free environmentally friendly Cs2TiX6(X = Cl, Cl0.5Br0.5, Br) perovskite materials. Their structural and optical characteristics are systematically investigated. The band gaps of the produced samples are illustrated to be from 1.87 to 2.73 eV. Moreover, these materials can keep high stability in harsh environments such as illumination and heating, and the Cs2Ti(Cl0.5Br0.5)6 microcrystals demonstrate the yields of 176 µmol g−1 for CO and 78.9 µmol g−1 for CH4 after light irradiation for 3 h, which is of the first report of Ti‐based perovskite photocatalysts. This finding demonstrates that the Ti‐based perovskites will create opportunities for photocatalytic applications, which may offer a new idea to construct low‐cost, eco‐friendly, and bio‐friendly photocatalysts.
Size‐scale effects in high‐performance reinforced and prestressed concrete T‐beams
Authors: Cafarelli Renato , Accornero Federico , Carpinteri Alberto
Published: March 2023

Reinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PC) structural elements need to be designed in order to guarantee large plastic deformations, avoiding any loss in their load bearing capacity. In this framework, the rotation capacity of RC and PC beams has been demonstrated to be a function of concrete mechanical properties, reinforcement characteristics, and of the structural size. On the other hand, Theory of Plasticity as well as the International Standards completely disregard size‐scale effects and ductile‐to‐brittle transitions, leading to an overlook of the strain‐softening behavior of the concrete matrix and of the rotation capacity of RC beams. On the other hand, the Cohesive/Overlapping Crack Model is able to evaluate concrete cracking in tension and concrete crushing in compression, as well as snap‐back and snap‐through unstable phenomena, steel yielding and/or slippage. This Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics model predicts a reduction in the moment versus rotation plastic plateau by increasing the beam depth and/or the reinforcement percentage. The numerical investigations carried out on reinforced and prestressed high‐performance concrete beams having rectangular or T‐shaped cross‐sections highlight the size‐scale effects on plastic rotation capacity that allow to formulate new scale‐dependent upper and lower limits of reinforcement percentage to guarantee a stable and ductile postpeak behavior of reinforced concrete structures.
Begriffsbestimmung
Authors: Lessky Franziska
Published: March 2023

In diesem Kapitel erfolgt eine Begriffsbestimmung der Bezeichnungen First-in-Family Studierende und studienbegleitende Erwerbstätigkeit. Es werden Abgrenzungen zu ähnlichen Begrifflichkeiten vorgenommen und Verbindungslinien zwischen diesen beiden Begriffen hergestellt.
Theoretische Konzepte der Studie
Authors: Lessky Franziska
Published: March 2023

Ziel vorliegender Dissertation ist die Rekonstruktion studentischer Lebensführung von First-in-Family-Studierenden. Es wird herausgearbeitet, wie Studierende, angeleitet durch studienbezogene Sinnzuschreibungen und Deutungsmuster, zu unterschiedlichen Bewältigungsstrategien ihres Studienalltags gelangen. Diese Studie geht davon aus, dass das Hochschulstudium eines*einer Studierenden von diversen Akteursgruppen (z. B. Familie, Freund*innen, Hochschullehrende, etc.) und damit von verschiedenartigen, übergreifenden Lebensbereichen bzw. Sozialisationsräumen geprägt ist.
Design und Methodik der Studie
Authors: Lessky Franziska
Published: March 2023

Innerhalb vorliegender Dissertation kommen sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Methoden zum Einsatz. Mixed-Methods-Ansätze konnten sich bereits neben einseitig ausgerichteten Designs als drittes Forschungsparadigma etablieren (Johnson et al. 2007). Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Datenbasis (quantitative Umfragedaten und qualitative Gespräche), werden zwei verschiedene Definitionen von First-in-Family Studierenden herangezogen (siehe auch Kapitel 2). Im Rahmen der quantitativen Auswertung gilt ein*e Studierende*r dann als „First-in-Family“, wenn beide Eltern keinen Hochschulabschluss besitzen. Innerhalb der qualitativen Analyse gelten Studierende als „First-in-Family“, wenn weder Eltern (bzw. jenen Personen, bei denen sie aufgewachsen sind), noch Geschwister und Partner*in ein Studium begonnen bzw. absolviert haben.
Zusammenfassung und Schlussbetrachtung
Authors: Lessky Franziska
Published: March 2023

Ein zentrales Ziel bildungspolitischer Aktivitäten innerhalb des europäischen Hochschulraums (EHR) ist der Auf- und Ausbau einer sozial inklusiven Kultur an Hochschulen (Stichwort: „Widening Participation, Retention and Completion“; Details siehe z. B. Holmegaard et al. 2017; Bundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung 2020; Quinn et al. 2005; The Bologna Process und European Higher Education Area 2015). In diesem Kontext befasst sich diese Dissertation mit einem hochaktuellen und bedeutenden Thema: den studienbezogenen Erfahrungen von Studierenden, die als Erste innerhalb ihrer Familie ein Studium aufnehmen (First-in-Family Studierende) und erwerbstätig sind. Ziel ist die Rekonstruktion studentischer Lebensführung jener Individuen, die innerhalb der Studierendenpopulation mit spezifischen Anforderungen konfrontiert sind, welche den Zugang zu einem Studium sowie den Studienerfolg erschweren können (Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft 2017; O'Shea 2016; Magri Eller et al. 2016; Moreau und Leathwood 2006; Spiegler und Bednarek 2013).
A feasibility study of promoting osseointegration surface roughness by micro-milling of Ti-6Al-4V biomedical alloy
Authors: Cappellini Cristian , Malandruccolo Alessio , Abeni Andrea , Attanasio Aldo
Published: March 2023

The reliability of a prosthetic implant needs durability, biocompatibility, and osseointegration capability. Accomplishing these characteristics, Ti-6Al-4V alloy is the main used material for implant fabrication. Moreover, it can be processed by additive manufacturing technique, permitting to meet the needs of patience-tailored, often complex shaped, prosthesis topologies. Once an implant is realized, it is finished by machining operations and its osseointegration capability is heavily influenced by the resulting surface roughness. Consequently, the assessment of this latter is mandatory to evaluate the prosthesis durability. This paper presents the analysis of surface roughness of Ti-6Al-4V micro-milled specimens produced by plastic deformation, selective laser melting, and electron beam melting processes. A central composite design was employed for planning the cutting tests. The comparison between surface roughness results and its values for enhancing osseointegration, firstly permitted to individuate the range of micro-milling suitable applications, which have been individuated as ball joints, bone plates, and screws. Next, the statistical analysis of the experimental measurements allowed the identification of the most influential micro-milling parameters together with the determination of the mathematical models of surface roughness by response surface methodology. The good comparison among calculated and experimental results revealed the reliability of the model, allowing the prediction of achievable surface roughness once micro-machining parameters are selected, or their optimization as a function of a desired surface roughness value.
Spectral properties of locally eventually positive operator semigroups
Authors: Mui Jonathan
Published: March 2023

This paper considers strongly continuous semigroups of operators on Banach lattices which are locally eventually positive, a property that was first investigated in the context of concrete fourth-order evolution equations. We construct a simple example to show that the typical assumptions on the spectrum of the semigroup generator considered currently in the literature are far from necessary in the more general setting of local eventual positivity. Under minimal additional assumptions, we obtain results on the asymptotic behaviour of orbits, as well as necessary conditions on the peripheral point spectrum of locally eventually positive semigroups.
A machine learning approach for detecting fatigue during repetitive physical tasks
Authors: Liu Guobin , Dobbins Chelsea , D’Souza Matthew , Phuong Ngoc
Published: March 2023

Prolonged and repetitive stress on muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves can have long-term adverse effects on the human body. This can be exasperated while working if the environment and nature of the tasks puts significant strain on the body, which may lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Workers with WMSDs can experience generalized pain, loss of muscle strength, and loss of ability to continue working. Most WMSDs injuries are caused by ergonomic risks, such as repetitive physical movements, awkward postures, inadequate recovery time, and muscular stress. Fatigue can be seen as a detector of ergonomic risk, as the accumulation of fatigue can significantly increase the possibility of injury. Thirty participants completed a series of repetitive physical tasks over a six-hour period while wearing sensors to capture data related to heart rate and movement, while external embedded sensors captured ground reaction and hand exertion force. They also provided subjective ratings of fatigue at the start and end of the experiment. Classifiers for fatigue (high vs low) were constructed using three methods: linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), and polynomial kernel-based SVM (P-SVM) and were validated using a tenfold cross-validation technique that was repeated a hundred times. Results of our supervised machine learning approach demonstrated a maximum accuracy of 94.15% using P-SVM for the binary classification of fatigue.
COVID-19 stressor reduces risk taking: the role of trait interoception
Authors: Belhouk-Herrero Miguel Omar , Molins Francisco , Serrano Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2023

The Framing Effect (FE) demonstrated that the way two alternatives are displayed affects people’s inclination to make a specific choice, showing a risk aversion when alternatives are displayed on positive frames and risk seeking in negative frames. Risk seeking in negative frames is closely linked to loss aversion. Moreover, classical research and the salience-of-losses hypothesis argues that stress may enhance the FE and loss aversion. Recent studies also suggest that the trait interoception and alexithymia could interact and moderate the framing susceptibility. However, experimental paradigms on stress could ignore variables such as threat perception. In this sense, COVID-19 pandemic has become a powerful real-life stressor in many countries. We aimed to study how real-life stressors influence decision-making under risk. A total of 97 participants were divided into a control (n = 48) and an experimental group (n = 49). The experimental group were exposed to a stressor manipulation, a 5 min COVID-19 lockdown documentary. Our results show that COVID-19-related stressors significantly decreased bet acceptance regardless of the frame, also reducing loss aversion. Moreover, interoception was a significant predictor of loss aversion under stress conditions. Our results do not support classical research on stress and FE.
Model assessment of synthetic jets for turbulent combustion experiments
Authors: Thornburg Nicholas E. , Feng Xuhui , Zigler Bradley T. , Day Marc S. , Yellapantula Shashank , Narumanchi Sreekant
Published: March 2023

Understanding turbulent premixed flames is essential to predict and optimize advanced combustion strategies, but critical capability gaps exist for collecting and validating measurements such as turbulent flame speed. Here, we evaluate synthetic jets as a new, promising turbulence generation device for constant-volume combustion chambers, quantitatively assessing turbulence intensity and spatial uniformity in a hypothetical 4,189-cm3 vessel for various premixture conditions.

Graphic Abstract
Public perceptions about the invasive pampas grass, Cortaderia selloana: a case study of environmentally conscious citizens in Southern Europe
Authors: Roldão Almeida Mónica , Marchante Elizabete , Marchante Hélia
Published: March 2023

Cortaderia selloana (pampas grass), native to South America, is a widespread invasive plant in several regions of the World, including the south of the Atlantic Arc (Europe), where it has been used as an ornamental species. Citizens may help to spread it, e.g., planting it in their gardens, but on the other hand, when they are aware of its invasiveness, can contribute to control it and prevent its spread. An online survey was performed to better understand the perception and knowledge of Portuguese and Spanish citizens, regarding pampas grass. The influence of education and occupation, along with age, gender and country of residence, on the knowledge and perceptions of respondents was analysed. The questionnaire was answered by 486 and 839 citizens in Portugal (PT) and Spain (ES), respectively. Most respondents were between 41 and 64 years old, mostly women in Portugal and equally women and men in Spain, with higher education and working mostly in the services sector. The majority of respondents in both countries recognized the plant, knew it is invasive and were able to name it, alerting to a possible bias of the target audience toward citizens already aware of the invasiveness of the pampas grass. Fewer respondents were aware of the legislation that limits its use, and most were unable to identify particular characteristics of the species. The results showed that respondents' occupation in PT and education in ES influenced their knowledge and perception about pampas grass. This study confirms that education and raising awareness regarding invasive species is of utmost importance, as respondents identified academic training and projects with a strong focus on public awareness as the main sources of knowledge regarding pampas grass. Better informed citizens can be part of the solution rather than part of the problem, especially regarding invasive species with such ornamental interest as pampas grass.
The verification of wildland–urban interface fire evacuation models
Authors: Ronchi E. , Wahlqvist J. , Ardinge A. , Rohaert A. , Gwynne S. M. V. , Rein G. , Mitchell H. , Kalogeropoulos N. , Kinateder M. , Bénichou N. , Kuligowski E. , Kimball A.
Published: March 2023

This paper introduces a protocol for the verification of multi-physics wildfire evacuation models, including a set of tests used to ensure that the conceptual modelling representation of each modelling layer is accurately implemented, as well as the interactions between different modelling layers and sub-models (wildfire spread, pedestrian movement, traffic evacuation, and trigger buffers). This work presents a total of 24 verification tests, including (1) 4 tests related to pedestrians, (2) 15 tests for traffic evacuation, (3) 5 tests concerning the interaction between different modelling layers, along with 5 tests for wildfire spread and trigger buffers. The evacuation tests are organized in accordance with different core components related to evacuation modelling, namely Population, Pre-evacuation, Movement, Route/destination selection, Flow constraints, Events, Wildfire spread and Trigger buffers. A reporting template has also been developed to facilitate the application of the verification testing protocol. An example application of the testing protocol has been performed using an open wildfire evacuation modelling platform called WUI-NITY and its associated trigger buffer model k-PERIL. The verification testing protocol is deemed to improve the credibility of wildfire evacuation model results and stimulate future modelling efforts in this domain.
Medication errors in relation to direct-acting oral anticoagulants: a qualitative study of pharmacists’ views and experiences
Authors: Al Rowily Abdulrhman , Aloudah Nouf , Jalal Zahraa , Abutaleb Mohammed , Baraka Mohamed , Paudyal Vibhu
Published: March 2023

Background

Despite their effectiveness and ease of use, medication errors have been reported to be highly prevalent with direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC).

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore views and experiences of pharmacists on contributory factors and mitigation strategies around medication errors in relation to DOAC.

Method

This study used a qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hospital pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. The interview topic guide was developed based on previous literature and Reason's Accident Causation Model. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2020 was used to thematically analyse the data (VERBI Software).

Results

Twenty-three participants representing a range of experiences participated. The analysis recognised three major themes: (a) enablers and barriers faced by pharmacists in promoting safe utilisation of DOAC, such as opportunities to conduct risk assessments and offer patient counselling (b) factors related to other healthcare professionals and patients, such as opportunities for effective collaborations and patient health literacy; and (c) effective strategies to promote DOAC safety such as empowering the role of pharmacists, patient education, opportunities for risk assessments, multidisciplinary working and enforcement of clinical guidelines and enhanced roles of pharmacists.

Conclusion

Pharmacists believed that enhanced education of healthcare professionals and patients, development and implementation of clinical guidelines, improvement of incident reporting systems, and multidisciplinary team working could be effective strategies to reduce DOAC-related errors. In addition, future research should utilise multifaceted interventions to reduce error prevalence.
Plant disease detection using drones in precision agriculture
Authors: Chin Ruben , Catal Cagatay , Kassahun Ayalew
Published: March 2023

Plant diseases affect the quality and quantity of agricultural products and have an impact on food safety. These effects result in a loss of income in the production sectors which are particularly critical for developing countries. Visual inspection by subject matter experts is time-consuming, expensive and not scalable for large farms. As such, the automation of plant disease detection is a feasible solution to prevent losses in yield. Nowadays, one of the most popular approaches for this automation is to use drones. Though there are several articles published on the use of drones for plant disease detection, a systematic overview of these studies is lacking. To address this problem, a systematic literature review (SLR) on the use of drones for plant disease detection was undertaken and 38 primary studies were selected to answer research questions related to disease types, drone categories, stakeholders, machine learning tasks, data, techniques to support decision-making, agricultural product types and challenges. It was shown that the most common disease is blight; fungus is the most important pathogen and grape and watermelon are the most studied crops. The most used drone type is the quadcopter and the most applied machine learning task is classification. Color-infrared (CIR) images are the most preferred data used and field images are the main focus. The machine learning algorithm applied most is convolutional neural network (CNN). In addition, the challenges to pave the way for further research were provided.
Predicting the Trajectories of Parents’ Relationship Well-Being During COVID-19 Lockdowns and Beyond: a Vulnerability, Stress and Adaptation Model Perspective
Authors: Karantzas Gery C. , Toumbourou John W. , Knox Laura , Greenwood Christopher C. , Westrupp Elizabeth M.
Published: March 2023

Strict lockdowns have been employed by many of the world’s nations as a public health response to COVID-19. However, concerns have been expressed as to how such public health responses disturb the human ecosystem. In this paper, we report on findings from a longitudinal study of Australian parents in which we investigated how state differences in government-mandated lockdowns affect the relationship well-being (i.e., relationship satisfaction and loneliness) of parents. We situated the study of the relational effects of strict lockdowns within the Vulnerability Stress Adaptation Model (VSAM, Karney & Bradbury, 1995) that considers the role of parents’ pre-existing vulnerabilities (i.e., psychological distress and attachment insecurity), life stressors (pre-pandemic and COVID-19 stressors), and adaptive relationship processes (constructive communication and perceived partner support). A total of 1942 parents completed 14 waves of assessments of relationship satisfaction and loneliness over a 13.5-month period as well as baseline assessments of personal vulnerabilities, life stressors, and adaptive relationship processes. Parents with high relationship adaptations and low vulnerabilities evidenced the highest relationship well-being (i.e., high satisfaction and low loneliness) during changes in lockdown restrictions, while parents with moderate relationship adaptations and vulnerabilities experienced the poorest well-being. Differences in state lockdown restrictions (i.e., Victoria [long and strict lockdown policy] vs all other states) were associated with differences in relationship well-being for parents with high relationship adaptations. Specifically, Victorian parents experienced significant declines in relationship well-being compared to non-Victorian parents. Our findings provide novel insights into how government-mandated social restrictions can disrupt the relational ecology of parents.
Saras Sarasvathy: recipient of the 2022 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research
Authors: Foss Nicolai J. , Andersson Martin , Henrekson Magnus , Jack Sarah , Stenkula Mikael , Thorburn Karin , Zander Ivo
Published: March 2023

Professor Saras Sarasvathy is the recipient of the 2022 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research. Her research contributions have fundamentally changed and invigorated the conversation in the domain of entrepreneurship research. Sarasvathy’s work on effectuation emphasizes how entrepreneurs operate based on available resources, think in terms of affordable loss rather than profit maximization, leverage trustworthy partnerships, and treat unforeseen contingencies as opportunities rather than problems. It has led and inspired a new generation of researchers in the quest for a better understanding of how entrepreneurs make their decisions and the unfolding of the entrepreneurial process.
Axiomatic characterizations of the constrained probabilistic serial mechanism
Authors: Afacan Mustafa Oğuz
Published: March 2023

Afacan (Games and Economic Behavior 110: 71-89, 2018) introduces an object allocation with random priorities problem. He proposes the constrained probabilistic serial (CPS) mechanism. This study, for the first time in the literature, provides axiomatic characterizations of CPS. The first result characterizes it via non-wastefulness, claimwise stability, constrained ordinal fairness, and surplus invariance to truncations. The other axiomatizes CPS via constrained stochastic efficiency, claimwise stability, and constrained ordinal fairness. The independence of the axioms is provided.