bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Mental Health Impact Analysis using Ensemble-based Classifier
Authors: R Beulah Jayakumari , Jawahar Malathy , Eapen Maya , L Jani Anbarasi , Ravi Vinayakumar , S Lilly Sheeba , Alahmadi Tahani Jaser
Published: July 2024

Introduction

In the 21st century, human community witnessed a range of biological crises resulting in long-term consequences like loss of life, economic decline, trauma and social disruptions. COVID -19, named the SARs-CoV-2 virus by United Nations, was a similar outbreak in China in the year 2019, which later spread across the world. During the pandemic, as part of preventive measures, the government authorities introduced SOP (standard operating procedures) measures such as social distancing, lockdown, quarantining and closure of educational institutions imposing a great impact on mental health and well-being of humans, especially among the youth.

Materials and Methods

A study was performed on a public dataset containing survey records collected from 1182 students of different educational institutions. The survey data was based on age, region of residence, time spent online and health fitness. The method used in the proposed work is a classifier model based on an ensemble of decision trees called random forest to predict the consequences of online learning on student’s health. The optimum and promising features are selected by using Recursive feature elimination (RFE) method.

Results

Our findings reveal a notable enhancement in predicting human health during a pandemic, as indicated by a significant increase in validation accuracy based on confusion for various classifiers. Experimental validation of the developed classifier model is done through the confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Further, performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, specificity, and error rate were employed. The experimental results established the superiority of the proposed ensemble subspace discriminant classifier compared to traditional classifiers.

Discussions

The RFE feature selection method used in the proposed work helps to select the optimum features as well as more informative features. Moreover, the method employed hyper parameter tuning method to enhance the performance of the classifier model.

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of taking care of the emotional and physical health of humans during any pandemic. Furthermore, our approach possesses the capacity to significantly influence the field of predicting health, facilitating the development of more effective and advanced prediction strategies in the future.
Infrared Image Human Target Detection Method Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Le
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

In this study, we investigate human target detection techniques for infrared
target recognition in complicated backdrops using deep learning approaches. This study
uses the human target detection of infrared images in various scenes as its research object.

Method:

A test was conducted using MatlabR2010a and the real-time C language development
platform. The findings indicate that, in the unoptimized case, the computing speed of the method
was only 0.34 seconds. However, following optimization, its performance significantly increased
to meet the real-time performance requirements.

Result:

The research findings presented in this work will be crucial to the relief and rescue efforts
following engineering mishaps.

Conclusion:

This study is innovative in that it develops a deep learning-based model for human
target detection in infrared photos and thoroughly examines and improves its functionality.
Overview of Corrosion in Medical Devices and Detection Methods
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Pradeep , Kumar Arvind , Kumar Jatinder
Published: July 2024

Corrosion is a major issue that can cause implant failure, leading to adverse
reactions in the surrounding tissue and sometimes causing systemic complications.
Several researchers are currently exploring ways to enhance the corrosion resistance of
orthopedic implants, which is essential to improve their performance and longevity.
The most common strategies used to enhance the corrosion resistance of orthopedic
implants are selecting corrosion-resistant materials, surface treatments, coatings, and
improved implant design. Surface treatments, such as passivation, anodization, and
micro-arc oxidation, can also create a thin oxide layer on the surface of implants to act
as a barrier against corrosion. Coatings (hydroxyapatite, diamond-like carbon, metal
oxide coatings) and good implant design can also be used to provide a protective
barrier and alter the surface chemistry. Further research can be focused on developing
new materials and surface treatments that are more corrosion-resistant, as well as
advanced implant designs that can minimize stress concentrations and enhance load
distribution. By implementing these strategies, orthopedic implants can provide better
treatment for patients with a higher level of safety and efficacy. This chapter mainly
focuses on corrosion types, causes, merits, demerits, corrosion detection methods and
remedial actions.
Enhancement of Corrosion and Biocompatibility of Implants by Thermal Spray Coatings
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Santosh
Published: July 2024

In the recent era, distinct metallic materials such as titanium, stainless steel,
titanium alloys, and Co-Cr alloy are widely used for implant manufacturing. But for
successful implantation, these biomaterials require good biocompatibility, corrosion
resistance, low elastic modulus, which is required closer to actual human bone, high
strength, and non-cytotoxic. These biomaterials have primarily been used in specific
applications such as orthopaedic fixation devices, dental implants, and cardiovascular
stents. The corrosion of metal implants, on the other hand, determines the service
period of implantation due to the release of incompatible metal ions into the human
body, which may cause allergic reactions. As a result, the focus of this chapter is
initially on metal biomaterials and their properties. The causes of implant failure are
then highlighted, with a focus on corrosion mechanism details. Finally, various surface
modification techniques, such as thermal-based surface modification techniques, are
discussed in detail, as are their applications in improving corrosion resistance,
biocompatibility, and osseointegration of various biomaterials. 
A Systematic Review of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Etiology, Clinical Symptoms, Pathogenesis, and Future Developments
Authors: Singh Satya Prakash , Dwivedi Deepti , Ahsan Rabiya , Srivastava Ankur , Shukla Ajay Kumar
Published: July 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are nervous system disorders that
impact around 30 million people globally. Loss of brain tissue is a hallmark symptom
of NDDs. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's
disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease are among the NDDs caused by
protein misfolding and inappropriate processing of proteins. In addition,
neurodegeneration has also been linked to oxidative stress, mitochondrial malfunction,
and/or environmental variables strongly correlated with aging. Significant evidence has
been obtained after years of intensive research that shows these factors have a crucial
role in the etiology of prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. Many clues have been
identified regarding neurodegenerative illnesses, but the complexities of these
conditions still make them difficult to understand. This chapter presents a more
straightforward explanation to help individuals better understand NDDs, their etiology,
clinical symptoms, and pathogenesis
Neuro-inflammatory Responses in Alzheimer’s v/s Parkinson’s Diseases
Authors: K. Amrutha , Singh Sarika
Published: July 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders and are
the leading cause of morbidity and disability. These are described by the progressive
degeneration of the neurons and impaired function of the central nervous system.
Prevailing neurodegenerative diseases in the world include Alzheimer's disease and
Parkinson's disease and reports predict that on average, the prevalence of both diseases
will double in a span of the next twenty years. Pieces of evidence showed that the
immune system is profoundly involved in brain development, maintenance, and repair
as well as in damage, therefore, may provide a wide scope to focus on the
neuroinflammation-based therapeutic approaches. In this chapter, the various
neuroinflammatory responses will be discussed during the onset and progression of
both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease pathologies. We will be focusing on both
central and peripheral inflammatory responses and their consideration for disease
diagnosis and therapeutics.
Hepatic Hydatid cyst in children: An experience from East of Turkey
Authors: Beger Burhan , Etgül Cihan , Şimşek Metin , Ulusoy Tangül Sevgi , Sönmez Bülent
Published: July 2024

İntoduction: Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease caused by the infection of Echinococcus granulosus and rarely Echinococcus alveolaris eggs, which are endemic in our country. Current treatment options for liver hydatid cysts; They can be listed as medical treatment, surgical treatment, percutaneous drainage and clinical follow-up only.
In this study, the effectiveness of the WHO-IWGE protocol in terms of diagnosis and treatment strategies in our pediatric cases of liver hydatid cyst in a health institution in eastern Turkey was evaluated in the light of the literature.
Material Method: Pediatric patients between the ages of 0-16 who were diagnosed with KcKH and followed up and treated were evaluated retrospectively. In pre-operative evaluation, lung radiography, abdominal ultrasonography, serological tests, hemogram and liver function tests were routinely performed.
Results:
250 child patients between the ages of 0 and 16, whose data were fully available, were included in the study. 118 of the cases were girls and 132 were boys. The average age was 11.2 years. Most of the KcKH patients were admitted to the hospital for another reason and the cyst was detected incidentally. Of the 65 patients requiring surgery, 17 were patients who initially underwent primary intervention with PAIR. Patients who underwent PAIR were observed for one night and discharged in an average of 18 hours. Patients with free drainage were discharged in 2-4 days. The average length of stay for patients who underwent open surgery was found to be 9 days.

In conclusion; The Gharbi classification updated by WHO is effective and reliable in determining the KcKH treatment strategy. In cases who are receiving chemotherapy and an intervention decision is made, a final USG is performed just before the procedure; It can provide both a change in treatment management and more patients benefiting from medical treatment.
A Rare Clinical Form of Candidaemia: A Pediatric Case of Leukemia with Skin Involvement
Authors: Çetin Fatma Tuğba , Çay Ümmühan , Kılınç Fatma , Özkan Ayşe , Özgür Gündeşlioğlu Özlem , Alabaz Derya
Published: July 2024

Cutaneous involvement is seen in very few patients with candidemia. Cutaneous involvement of candidemia is usually seen in immunocompromised patients with hematologic-oncologic diseases. Lesions may be maculopapular or nodular.
In this case report, cutaneous lesions due to disseminated candidemia in an eight-year-old child with leukemia and febrile neutropenia are presented. The general condition of the patient was quite poor. Blood and port cultures grew resistant Candida. The diagnosis was made clinically. The patient was given amphotericin B and voriconazole combination therapy. The lesions disappeared.
Today, Candida spp. infections are becoming more common, and the rate of skin involvement is also increasing. However, the diagnosis of Candida skin involvement may be difficult. Histopathology can be used in the diagnosis. Skin involvement is more common in candidemia patients with risk factors, especially in patients with Candida tropicalis growth.
HUBUNGAN DIRECT BREASTFEEDING KURANG DARI DUA TAHUN DENGAN RISIKO MALOKLUSI GIGI DESIDUI: TINJAUAN LITERATUR
Authors: Kurniawati Sari , Widodorini Trining , Masita Silviana Nur , Damaryanti Endah , Rohmah Al Magfiroh Miftahur
Published: July 2024

Latar Belakang: Maloklusi gigi desidui dapat disebabkan aktivitas oral. Direct breastfeeding kurang dari dua tahun dapat mengganggu perkembangan rahang dan meningkatkan non-nutritive sucking habit yang merupakan predisposisi maloklusi gigi desidui. Tujuan: Mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan direct breastfeeding kurang dari dua tahun dengan risiko maloklusi pada gigi desidui. Metode: Metode tinjauan literatur yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah penelusuran yang bersumber pada database elektronik menggunakan PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols). Hasil dan Pembahasan: Berdasarkan 20 penelitian yang dianalisis, memberikan hasil bahwa direct breastfeeding kurang dari dua tahun secara signifikan memiliki hubungan dengan oklusi gigi desidui dan meningkatkan risiko maloklusi gigi desidui. Kesimpulan: Direct breastfeeding kurang dari dua tahun memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan dengan risiko maloklusi pada gigi desidui, semakin tinggi direct breastfeeding kurang dari dua tahun, maka semakin tinggi risiko maloklusi gigi desidui, dan juga sebaliknya.
SINTESIS NANOHIDROKSIAPATIT TURUNAN CANGKANG TELUR SEBAGAI PENGGANTI CANGKOK UNTUK REGENERASI TULANG DALAM KEDOKTERAN GIGI: STUDI LITERATUR
Authors: Candra Wardani Sinta , Rujati Binar , Nuraprilla Efourtharista , Salsabila Junivianti Hana , Anestya Wibowo Marchella , Putri Rahmatina Sania
Published: July 2024

Latar belakang: Kerusakan tulang yang disebabkan oleh trauma dan penyakit memiliki kemampuan terbatas untuk memperbaiki diri sendiri. Banyak peneliti telah mencoba untuk memperbaiki jaringan tulang yang rusak dan mengembalikan fungsi melalui penggunaan biomaterial sel. Cara yang efektif untuk mengatasi kebutuhan ini adalah melalui grafting yang dirancang untuk membantu regenerasi tulang. Tujuan: Melihat keberhasilan sintesis nano hidroksiapatit cangkang telur sebagai bahan graft dalam regenerasi tulang. Metode: Literatur diperoleh dari database antara lain PubMed, ScienceDirect, ARC Journal of Dental Science dan Google Scholar. Jurnal yang digunakan pada penulisan ini merupakan jurnal yang diterbitkan 10 tahun terakhir, jurnal berbahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia, literature teks lengkap berupa original research, review, dan case report. Hasil: Didapatkan 12 artikel dari hasil pencarian literatur. Nano hidroksiapatit yang disintesa dengan berbagai metode dari cangkang telur telah diuji karakterisasinya serta aplikasinya baik secara in vitro maupun secara klinis. Kesimpulan: Sintesis cangkang telur nano hidroksiapatit berpotensi baik sebagai pilihan bahan pengganti graft untuk meregenerasi tulang khususnya di kedokteran gigi.
Inflammatory Cascade Unveiled: Exploring Complications and Therapeutic Strategies for Post-Myocardial Infarction Inflammation (A Literature Review)
Authors: Bahar Mokhamad Aswin , Prasetya Indra
Published: July 2024

This comprehensive literature review delves into the inflammatory ramifications of myocardial infarction (MI), a global health concern with reported prevalences of 3.8% and 9.5% among those under and over 60 years, respectively. While the inflammatory cascade plays a crucial role in MI healing, its dysregulation can lead to complications. Recent advancements have unveiled intricate cellular and molecular pathways. The common post-MI complication of pericarditis poses diagnostic challenges due to symptom similarities with MI, requiring careful management, particularly in cases of Dressler’s syndrome. Promising therapeutic strategies, including anti-inflammatory approaches and ongoing drug development, are under exploration. Future research directions involve delving into unknown factors, identifying novel therapeutic targets, and validating emerging treatments in larger trials, emphasizing the imperative need for continued investigation into the inflammatory consequences of MI. Keyword: Anti-inflammatory Strategies, Dressler’s Syndrome, Pericarditis, Post-cardiac Injury Syndrome.
Increase Cardiovascular Event in Patient with Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Millisani Hayla Iqda , Prasetya Indra , Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Satrijo Budi
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with increase major risk factors of cardiovascular disease, such as peripheral arteriopathy, ischemic heart disease, or cerebrovascular accident. The Framingham study showed that patient with DM considerably increase coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly in old patient and women. Prevalence of DM is rising and cardiovascular mortality associated with DM is the main problem in the world. Additionally, there is a higher death rate among DM patients following a myocardial infarction with complications, such as stent thrombosis, instent restenosis, and no reflow phenomenon can worse overall long-term prognosis with CAD. This review considers the mechanism for diabetes mellitus in CAD patient, expecially patient with DM can increase risk of major complication in patient CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Keyword: Coronary Artery Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.
The Predictors of Spontaneous Coronary Reperfusion in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction at the West Nusa Tenggara General Hospital
Authors: Ermawan Romi , Pintaningrum Yusra , Sari Dian Puspita , Indrayana Yanna , Aprilia Kartika
Published: July 2024

Background: In ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) management, some patients undergo spontaneous coronary reperfusion (SCR) with a better prognosis than those without SCR, but predictors for SCR remain unclear. Objective: To investigate several potential predictors of SCR, including smoking status, BMI, DAPT loading time, hemoglobin levels, platelet count, random blood sugar levels, uric acid levels, creatinine clearance, and the Syntax score. Material and Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the West Nusa Tenggara General Hospital in Indonesia from December 2022 to September 2023. Data collection encompassed various patient demographics and clinical parameters, including name, medical record number, age, gender, smoking status, BMI, DAPT loading time, hemoglobin levels, platelet count, random blood sugar, uric acid, creatinine clearance, the Syntax score, and the occurrence of SCR. Statistical analysis for this study involved multivariate logistic regression analysis. Result: A total of thirty-two patients were included, evenly divided into 16 subjects allocated to the SCR group and 16 to the non-SCR group. The analysis indicated that only BMI demonstrated a statistically significant association with SCR occurrence. However, the study did not yield conclusive evidence regarding the influence of smoking status, DAPT loading time, hemoglobin levels, platelet count, random blood sugar levels, uric acid levels, creatinine clearance, and the Syntax score on the likelihood of SCR. Conclusion: A normal BMI is identified as a robust predictor for the incidence of SCR in patients diagnosed with STEMI. Keyword: Predictors, Spontaneous Coronary Reperfusion, ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.
Het mediagedrag van de Gentse universiteitsstudenten
Authors: Laenen Ann , Riebbels Greet , Saeys Frieda
Published: July 2024

This study examines the way in which students at the University of Gent use the 'classic' media: newspapers, magazines, radio, television, film and video. Two main topics of research are: which media are consulted and how intensively, and which messages and values are assumed during this consulting. For each medium the researchers examined whether differences in usage and preference became apparent depending on branch of study, year of study, gender and living in student houses or not. For this purpose 1.186 students were questioned by means of a written survey. The results show that the university students regularly use each of these media, and that gender is the variable which produces the most meaningful distinctions. Overall it becomes clear that different consumer types are distinguishable.
Boundary-setting' en 'data-setting': effecten van televisie
Authors: Van den Bulck Jan
Published: July 2024

Many tv-effects theories are based on a ‘transmission model' approach to study effects. 'Active viewer'-theory has made researchers aware of the fact that television programmes can have many different meanings for many different viewers. Nevertheless, television programmes generally do not allow a limitless number of interpretations. Television's ultimately limited number of readings should therefore be seen as creating ‘boundaries’ within which certain interpretations of the world receive more support than others. Viewer activity will probably modify and mediate the ‘mainstream pull' of television. This means that television drama (like non-fiction) is probably not very good at telling us what to think, but it may be telling us what to think about. This process was called 'data setting’. An empirical study in Flanders (909 respondents) offers support for the conclusion that television's effect on perceptions can be shown more easily than an effect on opinions which require more cognitive processing and therefore ‘multiple readings’).
Televisie in Portugal: een moeilijke overgang van fascisme naar liberalisme
Authors: Coppens Thomas
Published: July 2024

This article describes the unique television landscape in Portugal. Television started as a state-controlled instrument of power during the fascist years (1926-1974). The process of deregulation in the nineties led to a highly competitive environment, in which public and commercial broadcasters fight each other over advertisers and viewers, mainly through imported programmes. The public broadcaster RTP is struggling with its dependence from the government and its role as a public service. The commercial broadcasters, especially TVI, have to deal with a limited advertising market. And the regulatory body lacks real power to intervene. The future of Portuguese television is, therefore, very uncertain.
De invloed van communicatiepatronen in het gezin op mediagebruik: een onderzoek bij 10- en 11-jarigen
Authors: Van den Bulck Jan , Van den Bergh Bea
Published: July 2024

This article examens which kinds of parental guidance accompany children's media use. Three patterns, which previous research identified, influence not only tv viewing, but also the reading of books and comic books and computer game play. Gender proved to be an important variable both at the level of children and of parents. Differences in guidance behaviour exist between fathers and mothers and effects differ for boys and girls. Use of one medium does not automatically lead to a reduction in the use of another medium, but parental restriction of use may lead to an increase in the use of another medium. This study only found evidence of an effect of guidance of media use on the media consumption of girls, even though boys and girls reported similar levels of perceived parental guidance. The respondents were 519 10 and 11 year old Flemish schoolchildren.
Winst levert meer op dan geld alleen: een onderzoek naar de relatie tussen de economische performance van bedrijven en de berichtgeving in Nederlandse dagbladen
Authors: Van Lunenburg Marion
Published: July 2024

Content analyses of articles in Dutch newspapers show that company profits are related to news coverage. The more the figures distinguish from those of other companies (in a positive or negative way) the more news coverage a company gets. Bigger profits lead to more positive news coverage of a company. The three other variables in this research model, stock value, number of employees and exchange rate were in no way correlated to both the amount of news coverage and the way in which newspapers write about a company. Companies who want to have a frequent media coverage better make a loss, because a loss leads to a chain of articles during a certain period of time.
De consumptie van lokale media: lokalisme, lokale media en de relatie tussen subjectief ervaren problemen, informatie-interesse voor en -consumptie van lokale media-inhouden bij Vlaamse internetgebruikers
Authors: Steyaert Jo
Published: July 2024

This article explores how well intrinsic motivation (localism and interest in information) and extrinsic motivation (subjective experienced problems) can predict and explain the consumption of local media content by Flemish Internet users. This research suggests that the division of the concept localism in two related concepts social and cultural localism, as suggested in literature, is not unproblematic. Based on our research it seems that only social localism is related directly to the local geographic community. Social localism however has weak correlation with the exposure to local media and the consumption of local media content. The factors subjectively experienced problems and interest in information seem to have a stronger relationship with the consumption of local media content. Even in a global model social localism adds little explanation to the consumption of local media content.
Convergentie van telecom, media en informatietechnologie, en de gevolgen voor de regelgeving
Authors: Maris Ulrike
Published: July 2024

In our present society - the information society - one can observe a gradual integration of various kinds of services in a network enabling all kinds of information traffic. This is called ‘convergence’, which will be further explained by its particular technological and regulatory characteristics. The aim of this article is to explore whether the government intervention is desirable within this framework of convergence. For this, a critical analysis of “the Green Paper on the Convergence of Telecommunications, Media and Information Technology Sectors, and the Implications for Regulation’ will be made.
Uji impak mesin heated die screw extruder pada pembriketan limbah pertanian
Authors: Budiana Eko Prasetya , Himawanto Dwi Aries , Prija T. D. Danardono D. , Widodo Purwadi Joko , Suhardi Bambang
Published: July 2024

Limbah pertanian (sekam padi, jerami padi, tongkol jagung, kulit singkong, rumput, dll) diproduksi dalam jumlah besar di Indonesia. Limbah pertanian dapat diubah menjadi bentuk energi melalui proses konversi termo mekanik. Proses pembuatan briket adalah pengubahan limbah pertanian menjadi briket berbentuk seragam yang mudah digunakan, diangkut, dan disimpan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan suhu dan kecepatan poros ekstruder ulir die berpemanas untuk pembriketan limbah pertanian. Sampel briket dibriket pada suhu 200, 300, 400o C dan kecepatan poros 30, 50, 100 rpm. Uji impak dilakukan untuk mendapatkan temperatur dan kecepatan poros yang sesuai untuk pembuatan briket limbah pertanian. Uji impak dilakukan dengan menjatuhkan sampel briket dari ketinggian 2 m ke lantai beton. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa temperatur briket dan kecepatan poros yang baik adalah 300o C dan 50 rpm.The impact test of heated die screw extruder on agricultural waste briquettingAgricultural wastes (rice husk, rice straw, corncob, cassava peel, grass, etc.) are produced in considerable quantities in Indonesia. Agricultural waste can be converted to a form of energy through the thermomechanical conversion process. The briquetting process is converting agricultural waste into uniformly shaped briquettes that are easy to use, transport and store. The present study aims to determine the temperature and the shaft speed of heated die screw extruder for briquetting agricultural wastes. Briquette samples were briquetted at the temperature of 200 o, 300 o, 400o C and shaft speeds of 30, 50, and 100 rpm. An impact test was conducted to obtain the temperature and shaft speed suitable for briquetting of agricultural wastes. The impact test was carried out by dropping a briquette sample from 2 m onto a concrete floor. The test results show an excellent briquetting temperature and shaft speeds are 300o C and 50 rpm.
Understanding ‘citizenship’ to protect human rights of liquefaction survivors in South Palu
Authors: Swantoro Aris
Published: July 2024

Disaster management is a critical component of national development, particularly in the aftermath of natural disasters. The relocation process of liquefaction disaster survivors in Petobo, located in South Palu, Central Sulawesi, underscores the pivotal role of the government in safeguarding Indonesian citizens' rights, including providing adequate housing within a healthy and secure environment. This research was conducted in the wake of the disaster with the primary objective of evaluating the legal protection and human rights afforded to survivors residing in Petobo Village, which has been designated as a red zone due to the severity of the disaster. The study uncovered significant damage to infrastructure, loss of life, and ecosystem degradation as direct consequences of the disaster. These findings underscore the government's obligation to provide permanent housing (hence HUNTAP) to fulfill the basic needs of survivors. Providing decent housing is fundamental to ensuring the well-being and dignity of every citizen affected by the disaster. Moreover, it aligns with the core principles of citizenship and human rights, which are essential for fostering sustainable and harmonious communities, particularly in regions grappling with the aftermath of natural calamities. Shortly, the relocation of liquefaction disaster survivors in Petobo, South Palu, Central Sulawesi, highlights the government's pivotal role in safeguarding its citizens' rights, especially in times of crisis. By prioritizing permanent housing and ensuring a healthy and secure environment for survivors, the government demonstrates its commitment to upholding human rights and fostering resilient communities in disaster-affected areas.
Increasing the development of national ideological values from an early age through family education
Authors: Sulistijaningsih Sri , Nurdin Encep Syarief , Fauziah Puji Yanti , Dewi Adin Ariyanti , Bariboon Gumpanat
Published: July 2024

-
Binaural Interaction Component and Behavioral Auditory Processing in the Elderly with Hearing Loss: Preliminary Study
Authors: Lee Sungmin
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The binaural interaction component (BIC) is presumed to reflect binaural hearing abilities, including spatial hearing. This study aims to record BIC amplitudes and examine their relationship with behavioral auditory tests.Methods: Nine elderly adults with hearing loss (eight males and one female) participated in this study. The BIC was derived from the wave V amplitude of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and the N1-P2 amplitude of the auditory late latency response (ALR). Behavioral auditory processing tests, including sentence recognition scores, localization scores, and masking level difference, were obtained and analyzed with respect to electrophysiological BICs.Results: BICs were more reliably identified in ALR compared to ABR. The ALR BIC elicited by a 2,000 Hz tone burst showed a significant correlation with sentence recognition scores in both quiet and noise, as well as localization scores at 2,000 Hz. Other variables also demonstrated significant interrelationships.Conclusion: This study suggests that the ALR BIC elicited by a 2,000 Hz tone burst may be a key physiological component representing spatial hearing abilities in individuals with hearing loss. More robust conclusions can be drawn from future studies with larger sample sizes and more sophisticated designs.
The Effect of Word Decoding and Oral Language Skills on the Written Composition of Short Narratives
Authors: Yoon Hyojin
Published: July 2024

Purpose: This study examined the effect of decoding and oral language skills on the written composition of short narratives among first-grade children at the end of the academic year.Methods: A total of 55 first graders participated in the study. To qualify for the study, participants were required to score at or above 80 on a nonverbal intelligence test. All participants were administered assessment of written composition, word decoding, receptive vocabulary, semantic relation vocabulary, and sentence comprehension. Pearson correlation and multiple stepwise regression were conducted.Results: The results showed the written composition of short narratives was significantly correlated with word decoding, receptive vocabulary, semantic relation vocabulary, and sentence comprehension. In the multiple stepwise regression, word decoding and receptive vocabulary predicted a significant amount of variance in the written composition of short narratives.Conclusion: These findings demonstrated that word decoding and vocabulary knowledge have a significant effect on written composition of short narratives in the early stage of writing development. Word decoding and vocabulary should be considered for assessment and intervention for children in the early stage of writing.
Development of 20-Talker Korean Sentence In Noise Test Lists
Authors: Lee Seul Ah , Yi Dong-Woon , Lee Jae Hee
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Clinical speech recognition measures often present the sentences recorded with a single speaker and one rate of speech. Performances with single-talker recordings may not accurately represent the speech recognition abilities of the listeners in a multitalker communication situation. The present study aimed to construct and optimize the sentences recorded by 20 different talkers for sentence-in-noise recognition tests (20-talker Korean sentence-in-noise test, 20-talker K-SIN).Methods: Phases I and II were conducted in this study. In phase I (developmental phase), preliminary 720 sentences composed of 3 to 6 words were selected and recorded by twenty different talkers (10 male and 10 female). The recorded sentences were superimposed to generate a speech-shaped noise similar to the long-term average speech spectrum of the sentences. In phase II (optimization and formation of equally intelligible sentence lists), the psychometric functions of 30 normal-hearing listeners were obtained from the sentence-in-noise recognition scores at three different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) (-2, -4, and -7 dB). Based on these scores, the SNR required for 50% sentence intelligibility (SNR-50) and the slope at that point were derived from the psychometric function curves.Results: Before level adjustment, the median SNR-50 and slope were -4.12 dB SNR and 24.33%/dB over 720 sentences. Level adjustments were applied to homogenize the intelligibility of the sentences, resulting in 508 sentences remained. Out of 508 sentences, 320 sentences were used to construct 1 practice list and 15 test lists, wherein 20 sentences in each list were spoken by each of the 20 different talkers.Conclusion: The 20-talker K-SIN sentences can be used for high-variability speech-in-noise recognition test to better reflect the multitalker communication abilities of listeners.
Classifying Residual Stroke Severity Using Robotics-Assisted Stroke Rehabilitation: Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Jeter Russell , Greenfield Raymond , Housley Stephen N , Belykh Igor
Published: July 2024

Background

Stroke therapy is essential to reduce impairments and improve motor movements by engaging autogenous neuroplasticity. Traditionally, stroke rehabilitation occurs in inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation facilities. However, recent literature increasingly explores moving the recovery process into the home and integrating technology-based interventions. This study advances this goal by promoting in-home, autonomous recovery for patients who experienced a stroke through robotics-assisted rehabilitation and classifying stroke residual severity using machine learning methods.

Objective

Our main objective is to use kinematics data collected during in-home, self-guided therapy sessions to develop supervised machine learning methods, to address a clinician’s autonomous classification of stroke residual severity–labeled data toward improving in-home, robotics-assisted stroke rehabilitation.

Methods

In total, 33 patients who experienced a stroke participated in in-home therapy sessions using Motus Nova robotics rehabilitation technology to capture upper and lower body motion. During each therapy session, the Motus Hand and Motus Foot devices collected movement data, assistance data, and activity-specific data. We then synthesized, processed, and summarized these data. Next, the therapy session data were paired with clinician-informed, discrete stroke residual severity labels: “no range of motion (ROM),” “low ROM,” and “high ROM.” Afterward, an 80%:20% split was performed to divide the dataset into a training set and a holdout test set. We used 4 machine learning algorithms to classify stroke residual severity: light gradient boosting (LGB), extra trees classifier, deep feed-forward neural network, and classical logistic regression. We selected models based on 10-fold cross-validation and measured their performance on a holdout test dataset using F1-score to identify which model maximizes stroke residual severity classification accuracy.

Results

We demonstrated that the LGB method provides the most reliable autonomous detection of stroke severity. The trained model is a consensus model that consists of 139 decision trees with up to 115 leaves each. This LGB model boasts a 96.70% F1-score compared to logistic regression (55.82%), extra trees classifier (94.81%), and deep feed-forward neural network (70.11%).

Conclusions

We showed how objectively measured rehabilitation training paired with machine learning methods can be used to identify the residual stroke severity class, with efforts to enhance in-home self-guided, individualized stroke rehabilitation. The model we trained relies only on session summary statistics, meaning it can potentially be integrated into similar settings for real-time classification, such as outpatient rehabilitation facilities.
The Best of Two Worlds to Promote Healthy Cognitive Aging: Definition and Classification Approach of Hybrid Physical Training Interventions (Preprint)
Authors: Herold Fabian , Theobald Paula , Gronwald Thomas , Kaushal Navin , Zou Liye , de Bruin Eling D , Bherer Louis , Müller Notger G
Published: July 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

A healthy lifestyle can be an important prerequisite to prevent or at least delay the onset of dementia. However, the large number of physically inactive adults underscores the need for developing and evaluating intervention approaches aimed at improving adherence to a physically active lifestyle. In this regard, hybrid physical training, which usually combines center- and home-based physical exercise sessions and has proven successful in rehabilitative settings, could offer a promising approach to preserving cognitive health in the aging population. Despite its potential, research in this area is limited as hybrid physical training interventions have been underused in promoting healthy cognitive aging. Furthermore, the absence of a universally accepted definition or a classification framework for hybrid physical training interventions poses a challenge to future progress in this direction. To address this gap, this article informs the reader about hybrid physical training by providing a definition and classification approach of different types, discussing their specific advantages and disadvantages, and offering recommendations for future research. Specifically, we focus on applying digital technologies to deliver home-based exercises, as their use holds significant potential for reaching underserved and marginalized groups, such as older adults with mobility impairments living in rural areas.
Acceptability and Engagement of a Smartphone-Delivered Interpretation Bias Intervention in a Sample of Black and Latinx Adults: Open Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Ferguson IreLee , George Grace , Narine Kevin O , Turner Amari , McGhee Zelda , Bajwa Harris , Hart Frances G , Carter Sierra , Beard Courtney
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Access to evidence-based interventions is urgently required, especially for individuals of minoritized identities who experience unique barriers to mental health care. Digital mental health interventions have the potential to increase accessibility. Previous pilot studies testing HabitWorks, a smartphone app providing an interpretation bias intervention, have found strong engagement and adherence for HabitWorks; however, previous trials’ samples consisted of predominantly non-Hispanic, White individuals.

OBJECTIVE

This study conducted an open trial of HabitWorks in a community sample of adults who identified as Black, Hispanic or Latinx, or both. This study aims to test safety, acceptability, and engagement with the HabitWorks app for Black and Latinx adults.

METHODS

Black, Hispanic or Latinx adults (mean age 32.83, SD 11.06 y; 22/31, 71% women) who endorsed symptoms of anxiety or depression were asked to complete interpretation modification exercises via HabitWorks 3 times per week for 1 month. Interpretation bias and anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed at baseline and posttreatment assessments. Participants completed qualitative interviews to assess overall perceptions of HabitWorks.

RESULTS

Of the 31 participants that downloaded the app, 27 (87%) used HabitWorks all 4 weeks. On average, participants completed 15.74 (SD 7.43) exercises out of the 12 prescribed, demonstrating high engagement. Acceptability ratings met all a priori benchmarks except for relevancy. Qualitative interviews also demonstrated high acceptability and few negative experiences. Significant improvements were found in interpretation style (t30=2.29; P<.001), with a large effect size (Cohen d=1.53); anxiety symptoms (t30=2.29; P=.03), with a small effect size (Cohen d=0.41); and depression symptoms (t30=3.065; P=.005), with a medium effect size (Cohen d=0.55).

CONCLUSIONS

This study adds to the literature evaluating digital mental health interventions in Black and Latinx adults. Preliminary results further support a future controlled trial testing the effectiveness of HabitWorks as an intervention.
Assessing the Effectiveness of eHealth Interventions to Manage Multiple Lifestyle Risk Behaviors Among Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Shi Beibei , Li Guangkai , Wu Shuang , Ge Hongli , Zhang Xianliang , Chen Si , Pan Yang , He Qiang
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Developing adverse lifestyle behaviors increases the risk of a variety of chronic age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and Alzheimer disease. There is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of eHealth-based multiple health behavior change (MHBC) interventions to manage lifestyle risk behaviors.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this systematic evaluation was to assess the effectiveness of eHealth MHBC interventions in changing ≥2 major lifestyle risk behaviors in people aged ≥50 years.

METHODS

The literature search was conducted in 6 electronic databases—PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus—from inception to May 1, 2024. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials of eHealth interventions targeting ≥2 of 6 behaviors of interest: alcohol use, smoking, diet, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep.

RESULTS

A total of 34 articles with 35 studies were included. eHealth-based MHBC interventions significantly increased smoking cessation rates (odds ratio 2.09, 95% CI 1.62-2.70; P<.001), fruit intake (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.18, 95% CI 0.04-0.32; P=.01), vegetable intake (SMD 0.17, 95% CI 0.05-0.28; P=.003), self-reported total PA (SMD 0.22, 95% CI 0.02-0.43; P=.03), and objectively measured moderate to vigorous PA (SMD 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.41; P=.002); in addition, the interventions decreased fat intake (SMD –0.23, 95% CI –0.33 to –0.13; P<.001). No effects were observed for alcohol use, sedentary behavior, or sleep. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to test the robustness of the pooled results. Moreover, the certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) framework.

CONCLUSIONS

eHealth-based MHBC interventions may be a promising strategy to increase PA, improve diet, and reduce smoking among older adults. However, the effect sizes were small. Further high-quality, older adult–oriented research is needed to develop eHealth interventions that can change multiple behaviors.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42023444418; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023444418
Implementation-Effectiveness of the Power Over Pain Portal for Patients Awaiting a Tertiary Care Consultation for Chronic Pain: Pilot Study Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Zahrai Amin , Bisson Etienne J , Shergill Yaadwinder , Rice Danielle , Zur Nedden Natalie , Cooper Lynn , James Daniel , Rash Josh A , Rachael Bosma , Ramsay Tim , Poulin Patricia
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Chronic pain (CP) affects about 8 million people in Canada. Access to CP care is challenging and there is no robust monitoring system to support patient care and decision-making. The Power Over Pain (POP) Portal was developed by people living with CP, healthcare providers, researchers, health system decision makers, policy makers, and community partners to address these concerns. The POP Portal is a comprehensive virtual platform that provides rapid access to a continuum of free, evidenced-informed resources for the self-management of CP, mental health, and substance use health. The POP portal also offers self-assessment tools that enable users to track their progress and receive personalized recommendations.

OBJECTIVE

This hybrid implementation-effectiveness type III pilot study aims to determine the feasibility (i.e., recruitment, integration, facilitators and barriers, patient engagement, usability, and acceptability) of the POP Portal’s implementation for people waiting for care at a tertiary pain clinic.

METHODS

A cohort of 80 adults living with pain will be recruited from the waitlist of a tertiary care pain clinic over a 3-month period. Following an orientation to the Portal, participants will be encouraged to use the Portal according to their needs and preferences. They will also be asked to complete questionnaires at baseline (0-months) and 3-month follow-up. Primary feasibility measures will include recruitment and retention rates, and Portal’s acceptability using the Acceptability E-Scale. We will also measure usability with the System Usability Scale (SUS), evaluate engagement through Portal analytics, and identify facilitators and barriers via semi-structured interviews with 12-15 study participants. These interviews will further assess participants’ acceptability and usability of the Portal. Exploratory measures will include pain severity, pain-related interference, self-efficacy, coping strategies, and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

RESULTS

We will present descriptive data on the cohort’s sex/gender, age, rural/urban status, ethnic background, acceptability, usability, and feasibility. Measures of central tendency will be reported for continuous variables and frequencies/proportions for categorical variables. We will also present change to clinical outcomes across time, and a synthesis of qualitative/thematic data.

CONCLUSIONS

Most patients awaiting care at a tertiary pain clinic would benefit from improved access to pain education, self-management resources, and peer support. We will move forward with a multi-site study to evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of the PoP Portal among patients waiting for a tertiary care consultation if the feasibility of recruiting and retaining patients is demonstrated.