bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimasi Konsentrasi Span 80 dan Lama Pengadukan dalam Preparasi Microspheres Metformin Hidroklorida-kitosan (Optimization of Span 80 Concentration and Stiring Time on The Preparation of Metformin Hydrochloride-Chitosan Microspheres )
Authors: S Christyn Novita , Sari Lusia Oktora Ruma Kumala , Irawan Eka Deddy
Published: April 2018

Metformin hydrochloride (MH) has been used as first line for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. However, it has relatively low bioavailability, short half-life and could cause gastrointestinal side effects, therefore it is appropriately prepared as microspheres. Microspheres is micro particle which is between 1-1,000 µm in size. Many factors affected the result of microspheres preparation, such as surfactant concentration and stirring time. This research was aimed to find the best composition of span 80 concentration and stirring time to produce MH-chitosan (CH) microspheres with the highest entrapment efficiency (EE) using factorial design optimization. MH was used as active substance, CH as polymer, span 80 as surfactant and non-aqueous solvent evaporation method was chosen for microspheres preparation technique. The optimized formula 2 % span 80 and 2 hours stirring time gained 86.803 ± 0.544 % EE, 24.571 ± 0.157 % drug loading, and 88.220 ± 0.137 % yield. The microspheres had a relatively smooth, bright surface, and spherical structure. The average particle’s size was 161.2 ± 1.743 μm. FTIR analysis indicated that there were no changes in the spesific functional clusters of MH as an active substance.

 

Keywords: metfomin-hydrocloride-chitosan microspheres, non-aquoeous solvent evaporation, factorial design, span 80 concentration, stirring time.
Violencia: una prioridad de la salud pública
Authors: Sarabia Silvana
Published: April 2018

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Ausencia de la mutación A53T del gen SNCA en una muestra de pacientes con Enfermedad de Parkinson en el Perú
Authors: Milla-Neyra Karina , Erick Figueroa-Ildefonso Erick Figueroa-Ildefonso , Marca Victoria , Ortega Olimpio , Inca-Martinez Miguel , Sarapura-Castro Elison , Torres Luis , Cosentino Carlos , Illanes-Manrique Maryenela , Mazzetti Pilar , Cornejo-Olivas Mario
Published: April 2018

Introducción. La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo común, el segundo más frecuente después de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. La mutación A53T en el gen SNCA, fue la primera identificada en asociación con EP. La mayoría de casos de EP en familias con esta mutación provienen de regiones cercanas al lugar del descubrimiento original. Objetivos: Evaluar la presencia de la mutación A53T en el gen SNCA en una muestra peruana de casos con EP de incidencia familiar, esporádicos y controles sanos. Material y Métodos: Se analizaron, mediante la técnica de PCR-RFLP, las muestras de ADN de 34 casos con EP esporádico, 7 casos de EP familiar y 32 individuos control. Resultados: No se encontró la mutación A53T en la muestra analizada, por lo que se infiere que ella estaría confinada a pocas familias de origen caucásico (europeo) asociadas a aquéllas con los casos originalmente descritos. Conclusiones: La mutación A53T no sería un factor causal o primario de EP en los casos evaluados.
Aripiprazol en dosis bajas para somnolencia diurna excesiva asociada a uso de haloperidol: un reporte de caso.
Authors: Ruiz-Grosso Paulo , Tomateo David , Valencia Alfredo , Vega-Dienstmaier Johann M.
Published: April 2018

La somnolencia diurna es un efecto adverso frecuentemente asociado al uso de antipsicóticos en pacientes con esquizofrenia. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 43 años con esquizofrenia y tratamiento antipsicótico desde hace 24 años, que inicialmente, presentó mala respuesta a antipsicóticos clásicos de baja potencia, llegando a lograr estabilizar los síntomas psicóticos por más de 10 años con uso de haloperidol. Sin embargo, con este tratamiento presentó somnolencia diurna que llegó a ser un efecto adverso importante limitando su funcionalidad y calidad de vida. Luego de añadirse primero 3,75 mg y luego 7,5 mg de aripiprazol, mejoró hasta un 80% la somnolencia sin exacerbación de los síntomas psicóticos.
Correlations Between Physical Activity, Smoking Habit And Attitude In Elderly With Incidence of Osteoporosis
Authors: Dimyati Kiki Familia
Published: April 2018

Osteoporosis was one of degenerative disease that is common in the elderly. There was a several of risk factors of osteoporosis. Two of them were physical activity and smoking habits. Attitude was one part of a person’s behavior that may affect the prevention of disease. This study aimed to analyze the affect of physical activity, smoking habits, and attitude of the elderly to incidence of osteoporosis. This study is an observational study with case control design. The number of samples in this study was 66 elderly who visited Osteoporosis Clinic Husada Utama Hospital in Surabaya. Respondent selection taken with systematic random sampling. The independent variables of this study were physical activity, smoking habit, and attitude, while the dependent variable was incidence of osteoporosis. Based on correlation analysis with logistic regression test showed there was a significant correlation (p<0,05) between physical activity, smoking habits, and attitude. Odds Ratio (OR) in this study for physical activity was 14,764 ,smoking habit was 9,646 and attitude was 5,623. The conclusion of this study, there was physical activity as a dominant affect after controlled smoking habits and attitude to incidence of osteoporosis. The suggestion is to do physical activity three times a week, consume healthy food and beverage, take an enough sleep,reduce stress factors and stop smoking also. Keywords: Physical activity, smoking habits, elderly
Relationship Between Characteristic and Hypertension With Incidence of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Laily Siti Rohmatul
Published: April 2018

Stroke is a disease that is a problem in the world, especially ischemic stroke. Stroke is a disease caused by circulatory disorders of the brain that are affected by several risk factors can not be changed such as age and gender. While the risk factors that can be changed such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and jobs. Effective measures to reduce the incidence of stroke is by controlling risk factors that can be changed. This study aims to determine the relationship characteristics and hypertension with ischemic stroke events in hospitals Ngimbang Lamongan Year 2016. This study was analytic observational with case control design.Sample cases is ischemic stroke patients, while the control sample is non ischemic stroke, each as much as 44 respondents. The sampling technique by using simple random sampling. Collecting data use secondary data by viewing the data records. The statistical test used was chi square test. Research that shows there is a significant relationship with the occurrence of ischemic stroke were age (p = 0,015; OR = 3,286; 95% CI 1,332 to 8,107), gender (p = 0,001; OR = 4.765; 95% CI 1,912 to 11,875 ), employment status (p = 0.001; OR = 4.667; 95%CI 1,890 to 1,526), and hypertension (p = 0,000; OR = 129,000; 95% CI 15,848 to 1050,034). The conclusion from this study was there are a relationship between age, gender, employment status and hypertension with ischemic stroke events in hospitals Ngimbang Lamongan 2016.Keywords: age, gender, job status, hypertension and ischemic stroke
Knowledge and Preventive Action of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission in Household Contacts
Authors: Agustina Saflin , Wahjuni Chatarina Umbul
Published: April 2018

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease directly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Family involvement for its prevention need to be taken into account includes knowledge, attitudes and practice.  The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of the prevention behavior of the disease in household contact families in the working area of Puskesmas Rangkah, Pacar Keling and Gading at Surabaya 2015.  This research was case control study uses a sample of 25 cases and 25 control samples. Collecting data using questionnaires to obtain information about the variables: the prevention of the disease transmission, socio-economic status, gender, knowledge and attitudes.  The results showed that the majority of respondents have a socio-economic status in the low category (72 %), female (58 %), have a good knowledge (78 %), a good attitude (72 %), and good transmission prevention of pulmonary TB (56 %). Chi square test showed that there is a gender difference (p = 0.010). Wilxocon Mann Whitney test shows that no differences in socioeconomic status (p = 0.533), attitude ( p = 0.212 ) and there are differences in knowledge (p = 0.018) and action (p = 0.000) prevention of transmission of the disease in the household contacts. It can be concluded that there is a difference in behavior includes knowledge and preventive measures of pulmonary TB transmission in the household contacts. Suggest the need for cooperation and intervention from a health personnel to family and patient as well as the strong motivation of the people against infection-prevention measures of pulmonary TB.  Keywords: family, knowledge, attitude, precaution of Pulmonary Tuberculosis infection
Overview of this issue
Authors: Barham Lyn , Stewart Michelle
Published: April 2018

Not available
Seeking the good life - higher education careers services and moral philosophy
Authors: Lush Donald
Published: April 2018

One perspective on careers work is that it is a kind of moral philosophy. We seek to help our clients and students discover and live a good life, a question central to philosophy. However, the notion of good seems under-examined in our profession. This article reviews the three main theories of good in moral philosophy and examines careers practice from their perspective. A moral foundation that focuses on social justice is proposed as a necessary consequence of a claim of rationality and agency on the part of careers services.
Waiting for a career epiphany – a barrier to career decision-making?
Authors: Houston Kathleen , Cunningham Eileen
Published: April 2018

The desire for a career epiphany, a sudden realisation of a future career, can often feature as an unspoken wish in career conversations with students and graduates. This yearning for certainty causes indecisiveness, a fear of making the wrong decision or a ‘not yet’ conclusion. In this qualitative research study, students and graduates confirmed themes of meta-indecision, a decision to not make a decision. Advice from graduates, careers advisers and employability academics challenged the need for absolute certainty as a prerequisite for first career decisions. This article argues that students and graduates can break through analysis paralysis and shape ‘good enough’ career plans.
Household Processing Practices of Milk and Cottage Cheese: Implications for Vitamin A Retention
Authors: Pritwani Richa , Mathur Pulkit
Published: April 2018

Milk and milk products are excellent sources of several important nutrients including retinol in the diets of young children. Household processing practices followed by the mothers (n=400) of young children (1-9 yrs) of Delhi was assessed using an interview schedule. The effect of boiling on the retinol content in milk and frying on cottage cheese was assessed using HPLC.  All households were boiling milk before consumption. Increasing the time period of boiling from 2 to 10 minutes did not lead to any significant losses (5 to 9 %) of retinol in milk. About 10.32 % of reduction in retinol content was observed in the milk which was boiled, cooled in refrigerator and cream was removed before consumption. However, children preferred removing the creamy layer formed on boiled, cooled milk before consumption which led to significant loss of 28.43% retinol especially if milk was stored overnight in refrigerator (p<0.05). In cottage cheese, sautéing led to insignificant loss of 5.80 % in the retinol content while deep frying led to 15.78 % of significant reduction in retinol (p<.05). Consuming milk immediately with cream after boiling or homogenising milk with cream after storage will retain most of the vitamin A. Sautéing is preferred over deep fat frying cottage cheese for different preparations for better retention.
Sports Endocrinology
Authors: SYLVIA SUBAPRIYA M.
Published: April 2018

No Abstract.
An ESP Needs Analysis: Addressing the Needs of English for Informatics Engineering
Authors: Nimasari Elok Putri
Published: April 2018

English for specific purposes (ESP) have different needs of English language use. These needs will be the fundamental indicators to develop appropriate ESP syllabus. In order to find those needs, a need analysis research is necessary to conduct. This qualitative study addresses the result of ESP needs analysis for 95 Informatics Engineering of Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo students. Brief reviews of ESP, needs analysis, and current learners’ situation of ESP classroom for Informatics Engineering are described as theoretical frameworks. A needs analysis questionnaire is utilized as an approach to find specific needs and to evaluate the current class situation. The results address 10 areas of English language use for Informatics Engineering major.
Communicating with Islamic Communication and Broadcasting English Language Learners
Authors: Masruuroh Lina , Kusuma Lyla Anggerwina
Published: April 2018

Proper Teacher Talk (TT) used in the EFL classroom contributes to the effective communication in  TEFL. Teachers who are expected to implement proper and effective teacher talk are apparently seeing this as one of the most complicated elements to be appropriately integrated in EFL class due to the different context between target language and first language and also the excessive target language exposure that is given by English teacher to the students as one of authentic learning process in the classroom. Many research focus on researching effective TT strategy in general EFL classroom, however, there is ony limited number of them that focuses on researching this concept in Islamic classroom with its Islamic culture, Islamic learners and Islamic situations. This descriptive qualitative study discussed and proposed the effective teacher talks in supporting the success of teaching english as a foreign language classroom in Islamic context. This article had anaysed the interview result from 7 English-Islamic lecturers in Islamic Broadcasting and Communication Learners (KPI) major and used TT features which later focussed on its ammount, diction and questioning type under SLA theory. This article aims to explain why and what types of language of the proper communication style and strategies should be applied by the English lecturers in Islamic higher education for having the effective teacher talk to English-Islamic  learners, specifically to Islamic Broadcasting and Communication Learners, that could contribute to a professional development in English Language Teaching.
An Analysis of Figurative Language Elements upon an American Short Story Entitled “The Monkey’s Paw
Authors: Mandarani Vidya , Ardiansyah Nur Muhammad
Published: April 2018

This article describes the study of semantic in a specified domain of figurative language upon a selected work of American English literature, in form of short story written by the renowned writer and author, William Wymark Jacobs, entitled as ‘The Monkey’s Paw’. Several objectives are deduced by the researcher in quest of finding the forms of this figurative language within the passage. Briefly, figurative language itself is a feature of every languages, which emphasized the use of expression to symbolize a different meaning from the usual literal interpretation. In our analysis of ‘The Monkey’s Paw’, the varieties of figurative language: Metaphor, Personification, Hyperbole, Symbolism, also another terms used to represent unusual words construction or combination such as Onomatopoeia, Idiom, and even Imagery, are discussed in order in relation with true meaning discovery behind each figurative language properties.
Pharmakon: soluciones, desarreglos y reelaboraciones subjetivas
Authors: Drut Felipe Martin
Published: April 2018

En nuestra experiencia clínica, hemos encontrado varios pacientes que han padecido problemáticas de dependencia a las drogas y/o al alcohol, y para quienes la relación con la sustancia ha comenzado a modificarse. Esto último, por ejemplo, lo escuchamos cuando el consumo no aporta los mismos efectos que antes, en algunos casos de abandono súbito del consumo, o en casos de sobredosis. Ahora bien, ¿bajo qué condiciones este momento podría representar una oportunidad propicia para comenzar un trabajo de elaboración por la vía de la palabra de quien nos consulta? Es decir, si el consumo de estupefacientes deviene un problema para el sujeto y no solo una solución práctica y eficaz: ¿ello lleva necesariamente una consulta psicoterapéutica? El presente artículo intentará analizar las condiciones de este pasaje mediante un desarrollo teórico y clínico basado en algunas contribuciones de la filosofía, la antropología y el psicoanálisis. Tomaremos también los aportes teóricos y clínicos de la psicoanalista Sylvie Le Poulichet a propósito del “pharmakon”, su función y sus fallas. Distinguiremos tres tipos de relación de los sujetos con las drogas: como solución eficaz e imprescindible, como una relación que en un momento dado se rompe y da lugar a otros fenómenos clínicos ligados a la angustia y la vergüenza, y como una relación en la que la droga se muestra como algo cuyo valor de solución ha devenido caduco y de lo cual el sujeto puede comenzar a prescindir. Intentaremos mostrar esto a partir de la presentación de dos viñetas clínicas.
En camino de misericordia: un Dios cercano, alegre y en salida
Authors: Pérez Múnera Diego Alejandro
Published: April 2018

A partir del Jubileo de la Misericordia realizado durante el año 2016, la Iglesia Católica llevó a todos los rincones del mundo y con distintas estrategias la visión de un Dios amor, de un Padre que perdona y abraza en tiempos de dificultad. Es clara la respuesta a los signos de los tiempos, pues en un mundo golpeado por la violencia, la indiferencia, la imperante destrucción del medio ambiente y tantos otros factores que irradian al mundo de desesperanza; la Iglesia, como Madre y Maestra, si bien no puede solucionar tales inconvenientes, si se presenta como una voz de aliento, como agua en medio del desierto para un mundo herido y falto de fe. Solo es necesaria la presencia de un Dios de Misericordia, que se conduele del dolor, que permea desde la alegría y la esperanza. Por ello, el Papa Francisco a través de palabras improvisadas, oraciones y homilías de contenido sencillo y pedagógico, ha transmitido la imagen de ese Padre Misericordioso, que quiere ser imitado. Precisamente, este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre dichas intervenciones del Sumo Pontífice, desde una clave de misericordia leída desde la cercanía, la alegría y la actitud de salida; tres elementos esenciales que se convierten en el camino para una Iglesia llamada a la renovación, desde una evangelización que requiere ser dinamizada y actualizada al contexto del mundo actual y donde cada misionero, desde su profundo amor, sea misericordioso como el Padre.
Red de conversaciones y emociones: entretejiendo sentidos entre la terapia familiar sistémica y el pensamiento de Humberto Maturana
Authors: Álvarez Yepes Andrea , Arboleda Ospina Diana María , Echeverry Múnera Alexandra
Published: April 2018

Este artículo presenta los resultados del análisis bibliográfico sobre la relación entre la red de conversaciones y las emociones en la obra de Humberto Maturana y el aporte que hace el pensamiento de este autor a la terapia familiar sistémica. El enfoque utilizado fue cualitativo. Su modelo metodológico hermenéutico; la estrategia fue documental y la técnica de generación de información fue la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis crítico de textos.  Los textos analizados fueron cuarenta y dos. Los resultados exponen que Maturana y los autores que han comentado su obra han coincidido en que la red de conversaciones y las emociones se entrelazan conformando una interacción social. Se concluye que la terapia familiar apunta a la creación de escenarios en los que se identifiquen dichas nociones como parte fundamental de la generación del sistema terapéutico.
La homoparentalidad femenina y masculina y la intervención en terapia familiar sistémica
Authors: Yepes Marulanda Samuel , Vélez Montoya Rubén Darío
Published: April 2018

Este artículo reflexivo pretende afirmar que la paternidad homosexual es una de las formas contemporáneas de paternar, donde las dinámicas internas de estas familias suelen ser democrático participativas, por consiguiente, todos sus integrantes participan en la toma de decisiones con respecto a su clima familiar, fortaleciendo las relaciones y el entramado que propende por la asertividad en la convivencia que se produce en los núcleos familiares.     Se observa de igual manera, que los roles no son impuestos por el género; todos los integrantes de la familia, deben realizar cualquier tipo de labores para el adecuado funcionamiento en el sistema interno de cada núcleo. Las familias homoparentales hacen parte de las otras tantas formas de mancomunarnos y asociarnos en el mundo. La paternidad que es ejercida por las familias homoparentales está cargada de valores apremiantes para un desarrollo de grandes ciudadanos. Desde esta perspectiva, la forma de paternidad homosexual toma importancia, tanto por los integrantes de la familia como por la ciudadanía, debido a que hay ciertos sesgos que atacan a esta forma de integrarnos y que para las demás personas pueden ser vistas como juicios de valor, que impiden la evolución de la sociedad, la cual en la actualidad es acelerada por su propia dinámica.
The relationship between external debt and economic growth: empirical evidence from Ukraine and other emerging economies
Authors: Shkolnyk Inna , Koilo Viktoriia
Published: April 2018

The article examines the relationship between external debt and economic growth in emerging economies for the period 2006-2016. The authors used different econometric tools, e.g., ADL model and correlation analysis. The regression results showed that the original values had no significant impact on the estimation of the parameters. Thus, there was made an assumption that emerging economies have a non-linear impact on macroeconomic parameters, including external debt that has a non-linear type of influence on economic growth. The authors established that high level of external debt, in conjunction with macroeconomic instability, impedes economic growth in such countries. The regression model also showed that there is a critical level of debt burden for emerging economies, where the marginal impact of external debt on economic growth becomes negative.The results of the study highlighted the significance of the problem of effective public debt management strategy implementation in Ukraine. This issue is predetermined by the appropriate organizational support. The study recommends improving a public external debt management model. In this paper, the authors proposed a new structure with the participation of new element – independent agencies. The unified external debt management system should integrate all state institutions and executive power structures in this area.
Influence of Maternal Preeclampsia on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants
Authors: Degirmencioglu Halil , Say Birgul , Ustunyurt Zeynep , Oguz Serife Suna
Published: April 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants born to mothers with preeclampsia and to compare them with preterm controls.Study design: This was a retrospective, observational study in a large, tertiary, neonatal intensive care unit. Neurodevelopmental evaluations using Bayley Scales of Infant Development II were performed in 226 two-year-old infants with birth weight ≤1500 g and gestational age ≤32 weeks who were born to mothers with preeclampsia and in 493 infants who were born after normotensive pregnancies, matched for gestational age and gender.Results: The mean gestational ages of the infants in the preeclampsia and control groups were 29.9±2.3 weeks and 28.7±4.1 weeks, respectively (p<0.001). A total of 372 infants with a mean age of 19.2±3.2 months were assessed for long-term outcome. The mean mental developmental index score was significantly higher, and the percentage of infants with cerebral palsy was significantly lower, in the preeclampsia group compared with the control group (p=0.03 and p=0.02, respectively). However, no overall significant differences in neurodevelopmental impairment rates were found between the two groups (p=0.08).Conclusion: Maternal preeclampsia seems to be a protector factor for the development of cerebral palsy in preterm infants.
An inexact stochastic optimization model for multi-conflict regional water resources allocation in the south-to-north water benefited area
Authors: Zhenghui Fu , Yuqi Wang , Wentao Lu , Haojin Zhao , Jiaju Liu , Huaicheng Guo
Published: April 2018

The cross-regional water diversion project has been widely applied as an important way to relieve water pressure. Study about the tradeoff between multiple regions and multiple water use sectors has caused widespread concern. In this study, an inexact two-stage water resources management model for multi-region water resources planning with a large-scale water diversion project has been developed. The water sources in 11 districts, including independent water sources and public water sources diverted from the project, are considered in the optimization model. Water supply cost and recourse cost are analyzed in the objective function. Based on interval-parameter programming and two-stage stochastic programming, uncertainties in the water resources system are described by both interval values and probability distributions. The result indicates that the water diversion project would greatly change the composition of the water resource system and settle the uneven distribution of regional water resources to achieve district-optimal allocation of water resources. In general, the proposed method can help decision-makers to formulate water management strategies for rational utilization of all kinds of water resources in different regions.
Rapid cultivation of aerobic granular sludge by xanthan gum in SBR reactors
Authors: Liu Sha , Zhan Hanhui , Xie Yaqi , Shi Weijiang , Wang Siming
Published: April 2018

This study focuses on the effect of xanthan gum on aerobic sludge granulation, through close monitoring of the physical and chemical changes of the aerobic granular sludge, and treatment performance. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), R1 and R2, were seeded with activated sludge only (R1) and with a mixture of activated sludge and 40 mg/L of xanthan gum (R2). The results showed that granulation finished on the 20th day in R2, far faster than the granulation time of 30 days in R1. Meanwhile, there was a reliably higher sludge concentration, better settling properties and better particle mechanical strength in R2, and better removal performance of total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results demonstrated that seeding xanthan gum enhanced the aerobic sludge granulation in the SBR. Maybe its anionic and hydrophilic surface characteristics facilitate interactions with cations and other polysaccharides, inducing stronger gelation, which promoted the formation of particles or increased the internal relationship between particles, thereby increasing the cohesion within the sludge, so that the granular sludge was not easily broken.
Cultura política ciudadana y abstención electoral en el municipio fronterizo de Tijuana
Authors: Coutigno Ramírez Ana Claudia
Published: April 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar si la abstención electoral en Tijuana presenta particularidades dada su ubicación fronteriza y el tiempo de residencia de sus ciudadanos, así como las características de su cultura política. Se utilizan dos fuentes para su estudio: a) la estadística electoral en el periodo 1988-2016 para contar con las tendencias de la abstención, y b) el análisis de los resultados de una encuesta representativa del municipio. Con ellas, se elaboraron índices y una regresión logística para examinar las opiniones ciudadanas acerca del significado del voto, los partidos políticos y su ubicación ideológica. Este estudio es relevante dada la tendencia al incremento de la abstención, siendo ya un problema sustantivo grave para la democracia electoral de la localidad. En la cultura política, los abstencionistas nativos consideran el voto como una forma de expresión respecto del funcionamiento del sistema político y los abstencionistas inmigrantes presentan tendencias diferenciadas acorde al tiempo de residencia.
Pro-inflammatory Cytokines: Cellular and Molecular Drug Targets for Glucocorticoid-induced-osteoporosis via Osteocyte
Authors: Wang Tiantian , Yu Xijie , He Chengqi
Published: April 2018

Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat varieties of allergic and autoimmune diseases, however, long-term application results in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). Inflammatory cytokines: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) play important regulatory roles in bone metabolism, but their roles in GIOP remain largely unknown. Osteocytes can modulate the formation and function of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, directly via gap junctions, or indirectly by transferring molecule signaling. Apoptotic osteocytes release RANKL, HMGB1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines to stimulate osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, osteocytes can secrete FGF23 to regulate bone metabolism. Exposure to high levels of GCs can drive osteocyte apoptosis and influence gap junctions, leading to bone loss. GCs treatment is regarded to produce more FGF23 to inhibit bone mineralization. GCs also disrupt the vascular to decrease osteocyte feasibility and mineral appositional rate, resulting in a decline in bone strength. Apoptotic bodies from osteocytes induced by GCs treatment can enhance production of TNF-α and IL-6. On the other hand, TNF-α and IL-6 show synergistic effects by altering osteocytes signaling towards osteoclasts and osteoblasts. In addition, TNF-α can induce osteocyte apoptosis and attribute to a worsened bone quality in GCs. IL-6 and osteocytes may interact with each other. Therefore, we hypothesize that GCs regulate osteocyteogenesis through TNF-α and IL-6, which are highly expressed around osteocyte undergoing apoptosis. In the present review, we summarized the roles of osteocytes in regulating osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Furthermore, the mechanism of GCs altered relationship between osteocytes and osteoblasts/osteoclasts. In addition, we discussed the roles of TNF-α and IL-6 in GIOP by modulating osteocytes. Lastly, we discussed the possibility of using pro-inflammatory signaling pathway as therapeutic targets to develop drugs for GIOP.
Optimización por la metodología de superficie de respuesta de la fabricación de un material nanoestructurado compuesto de nanohilos de nylon con grafeno
Authors: Coba D. Sebastián , Pataquiva‐M. Alis
Published: April 2018

En el presente trabajo se llevaron a cabo dos diseños experimentales para la determinación de las condiciones óptimas de la fabricación de nanohilos de nylon y síntesis de grafeno, para lo cual se obtuvo: 0.68 M de (NH4)2SO4 y 11.45 V; 27 kV, 2.3 mL/h y 11.40 cm de distancia de la aguja al colector (cm); respectivamente. De esta manera, se produjeron electrohilos de nylon y grafeno, ambos de tamaño nanométrico. A partir de estos materiales se preparó un compósito nanohilos/grafeno, a las condiciones óptimas de fabricación. Los materiales obtenidos (nanohilos de nylon, grafeno y compósito) fueron caracterizados morfológica (SEM) y químicamente (FTIR, UV), comprobando su escala nanométrica, grupos funcionales y sus propiedades bloqueadoras de rayos UV. Es así, como este trabajo abre una nueva perspectiva al uso de nylon reciclado para la obtención de hilos electrohilados de diámetro nanométrico que pueden ser funcionalizados, en este caso con grafeno, y exhibir propiedades deseables en industrias tales como la textil, entre otras.
Development and Feasibility Testing of Internet-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Severe Health Anxiety: Pilot Study
Authors: Hoffmann Ditte , Rask Charlotte Ulrikka , Hedman-Lagerlöf Erik , Ljótsson Brjánn , Frostholm Lisbeth
Published: April 2018

Background

Severe health anxiety (hypochondriasis), or illness anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, is characterized by preoccupation with fear of suffering from a serious illness in spite of medical reassurance. It is a debilitating, prevalent disorder associated with increased health care utilization. Still, there is a lack of easily accessible specialized treatment for severe health anxiety.

Objective

The aims of this paper were to (1) describe the development and setup of a new internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy (iACT) program for patients with severe health anxiety using self-referral and a video-based assessment; and (2) examine the feasibility and potential clinical efficacy of iACT for severe health anxiety.

Methods

Self-referred patients (N=15) with severe health anxiety were diagnostically assessed by a video-based interview. They received 7 sessions of clinician-supported iACT comprising self-help texts, video clips, audio files, and worksheets over 12 weeks. Self-report questionnaires were obtained at baseline, post-treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome was Whiteley-7 Index (WI-7) measuring health anxiety severity. Depressive symptoms, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), life satisfaction, and psychological flexibility were also assessed. A within-group design was employed. Means, standard deviations, and effect sizes using the standardized response mean (SRM) were estimated. Post-treatment interviews were conducted to evaluate the patient experience of the usability and acceptability of the treatment setup and program.

Results

The self-referral and video-based assessments were well received. Most patients (12/15, 80%) completed the treatment, and only 1 (1/15, 7%) dropped out. Post-treatment (14/15, 93%) and 3-month follow-up (12/15, 80%) data were available for almost all patients. Paired t tests showed significant improvements on all outcome measures both at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up, except on one physical component subscale of HRQoL. Health anxiety symptoms decreased with 33.9 points at 3-month follow-up (95% CI 13.6-54.3, t11= 3.66, P=.004) with a large within-group effect size of 1.06 as measured by the SRM.

Conclusions

Treatment adherence and potential efficacy suggest that iACT may be a feasible treatment for health anxiety. The uncontrolled design and small sample size of the study limited the robustness of the findings. Therefore, the findings should be replicated in a randomized controlled trial. Potentially, iACT may increase availability and accessibility of specialized treatment for health anxiety.

Trial Registration

Danish Data Protection Agency, Central Denmark Region: 1-16-02-427-14; https://www.rm.dk/sundhed/faginfo/forskning/datatilsynet/ (Archived by Webcite at http://www.webcitation.org/6yDA7WovM)
Web-Based Measure of Life Events Using Computerized Life Events and Assessment Record (CLEAR): Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study of Reliability, Validity, and Association With Depression (Preprint)
Authors: Bifulco Antonia , Spence Ruth , Nunn Stephen , Kagan Lisa , Bailey-Rodriguez Deborah , Hosang Georgina M , Taylor Matthew , Fisher Helen L
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Given the criticisms of life event checklists and the costs associated with interviews, life event research requires a sophisticated but easy-to-use measure for research and clinical practice. Therefore, the Computerized Life Events and Assessment Record (CLEAR), based on the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule (LEDS), was developed.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of our study was to test CLEAR’s reliability, validity, and association with depression.

METHODS

CLEAR, the General Health Questionnaire, and the List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q) were completed by 328 participants (126 students; 202 matched midlife sample: 127 unaffected controls, 75 recurrent depression cases). Test-retest reliability over 3-4 weeks was examined and validity determined by comparing CLEAR with LEDS and LTE-Q. Both CLEAR and LTE-Q were examined in relation to depression.

RESULTS

CLEAR demonstrated good test-retest reliability for the overall number of life events (0.89) and severe life events (.60). Long-term problems showed similar findings. In terms of validity, CLEAR severe life events had moderate sensitivity (59.1%) and specificity (65.4%) when compared with LEDS. CLEAR demonstrated moderate sensitivity (43.1%) and specificity (78.6%) when compared with LTE-Q. CLEAR severe life events and long-term problems were significantly associated with depression (odds ratio, OR 3.50, 95% CI 2.10 to 5.85, P<.001; OR 3.38, 95% CI 2.02 to 5.67, P<.001, respectively), whereas LTE-Q events were not (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.43 to 2.60, P=.90).

CONCLUSIONS

CLEAR has acceptable reliability and validity and predicts depression. It, therefore, has great potential for effective use in research and clinical practice identifying stress-related factors for the onset and maintenance of depression and related disorders.
�Train your Mind� program: Enhancing Executive Functions among Dutch Elementary School Children: systematic development (Preprint)
Authors: Bervoets Joachim , Jonkman Lisa M. , Mulkens Sandra , de Vries Hein , Kok Gerjo
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND

Executive functions are higher cognitive control functions, consisting of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, and are central to academic performance, and a healthy and successful life. While it has been shown that executive functions are trainable, how such improvements translate into everyday behaviors is not yet fully understood. The current project aimed to develop an intervention capable of enhancing executive functions among children aged 9 to 11. Subsequently, we hypothesized these improvements in EFs would lead to improved self-control, emotion-regulation, and attention (timely given the current potential rise in attentional problems); which in turn translate to more healthy behaviors in daily life, specifically physical activity and healthy eating – which is especially interesting given the recent rise in (childhood) obesity. To further stimulate the development of the latter behaviors, personalized tailored feedback was provided in the fourth and final module, eHealth.

OBJECTIVE

The present paper describes (1) what EFs are, why they matter in life, and how they can be trained and (2) the development of the Train your Mind intervention.

METHODS

The design of this intervention, and the development of the program materials, was guided by the Intervention Mapping framework.

RESULTS

A multi-component intervention was composed, including: (1) focused physical exercise (kung fu), (2) cognitive games, (3) socio-emotional development, and (4) eHealth. All four components received positive feedback during pilot-testing in terms of user friendliness (readability, graphics), gameplay (clear instructions, fun), and feasibility (for teachers).

CONCLUSIONS

The current literature base seems to suggest a multi-modal approach (cognitive, socio-emotional, and physical) may hold promising potential for the purpose of training executive functions, and perhaps even attain the much-desired broad transfer (practical translation into daily life), which, to date, has not been demonstrated before. In sum, encouraging the development of executive functions could yield great benefits in terms of academic performance, (physical and socio-emotional) health, and decreased risks during adolescence. Even though IM could not be applied completely, the overarching framework and various steps, provided guidance in developing and planning the intervention.

CLINICALTRIAL

NTR 5804 (Nederlands Trial Register)
Improving market success of animal welfare programs through key stakeholder involvement: heading towards responsible innovation?
Authors: Purwins Nina , Schulze-Ehlers Birgit
Published: April 2018

Despite frequent public criticism of modern husbandry practices, many animal welfare programs lack acceptance among both farmers and consumers. We contend that this lock-in originates from a lack of market orientation and consequential neglect of key stakeholders’ preferences in program design. Considering the case of a retailer-owned meat brand, we demonstrate the relevance of stakeholders’ inclusion when establishing animal welfare programs for pigs. Surveys among 62 farming members of a pig trading cooperative and 692 supermarket customers reveal the heterogeneity of beliefs and acceptance within both groups. While a Responsible Innovation approach, including key actors from the initial criteria selection, could be effective for raising acceptance, it would likely lead to lengthy time-to-market, prohibiting first-mover advantages. We suggest instead that beliefs and acceptance among farmers may be influenced through a communication strategy based on survey results and experimental research, as well as facilitating positive word-of-mouth.
Studi Zona Mineralisasi Emas Menggunakan Metode Magnetik Di Lokasi Tambang Emas Poboya
Authors: Junaedy Mohamad , Efendi Rustan , Sandra Sandra
Published: April 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang studi zona mineralisasi emas menggunakan metode magnetik di Lokasi Tambang Emas Poboya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran zona mineralisasi emas di lokasi tambang tersebut. Tahapan dalam penelitian menggunakan metode magnetik adalah akuisisi data lapangan, melakukan koreksi IGRF dan variasi harian, pengolahan data yang selanjutnya membuat peta kontur anomali menggunakan surfer 10, melakukan pemodelan 2D menggunakan software Mag2dc. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa zona mineralisasi emas di lokasi penelitian berasosiasi dengan mineral lain seperti Pirit (FeS2), Kalkopirit (CuFeS2), Troilite, Pyrrhotites, Porpiri dan Siderite dengan nilai suseptibilitas masing-masing 0,000035 SI – 0,005 SI, 0,000023 SI – 0,0004 SI, 0,00061 SI – 0,0017 SI, 0,00046 SI – 1,4 SI, 0,00025 SI – 0,21 SI, dan 0,0013 SI – 0,011 SI, yang berasosiasi dengan batuan beku, iron sulfides dan mineral magnetik. Penyebaran batuan-batuan pembawa mineral emas ini terdapat pada sisi bagian timur dan selatan hingga pada bagian utara lokasi penelitian dengan kedalaman rata-rata antara ± 70 meter sampai ± 320 meter bawah muka tanah.
Analisa “In Silico” Gen Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) yang Terlibat dalam Sistem Ketahanan Terhadap Hama dan Penyakit
Authors: Agung Muhammad Budi , Budiarsa I Made , Suwastika I Nengah
Published: April 2018

Biji kakao adalah salah satu komoditas utama di dunia yang hingga saat ini masih memiliki masalah penurunan produksi yang mayoritas disebabkan oleh serangan hama dan penyakit. Mengembangkan kultivar kakao yang secara genetik tahan terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit adalah salah satu solusi yang ideal dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gen-gen Theobroma cacao pada database genom kakao yang homolog dengan gen yang terlibat dalam sistem ketahanan terhadap hama dan penyakit pada tumbuhan lain melalui analisis in silico. Survei informasi dasar dan identifikasi gen yang terlibat dalam sistem ketahanan tumbuhan model Arabidopsis thaliana dan Oryza sativa dilakukan pada GenBank dan The Arabidopsis Information Resource. Analisa in silico yang dilakukan berupa BLAST urutan protein, uji homologi protein kandidat masing-masing gen, dan identifikasi gen homolog pada Cacao Genome Database menggunakan sumber data genom “Theobroma cacao cv. Matina 1-6 v1.1”. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi, gen Thecc1EG006332t1 (PR-1), Thecc1EG024509t1 (PR-2), Thecc1EG024514t1 (PR-2), Thecc1EG026942t1 (CTL1), Thecc1EG021326t1 (CTL1), dan Thecc1EG033984t1 (PR-5) pada Cacao Genome Database (CGD) adalah gen Theobroma cacao yang homolog dengan gen yang terlibat dalam sistem ketahanan tumbuhan terhadap hama dan penyakit, serta kemungkinan besar memiliki fungsi yang sama dengan gen homolognya masing-masing.
Estimasi Aliran Panasbumi Menggunakan Data Geomagnetik Di Daerah Panasbumi Pulu
Authors: Rasyid Fathana , Efendi Rustan , Sandra Sandra
Published: April 2018

Telah dilakukan penelitian estimasi aliran panasbumi menggunakan Data Geomagnetik di Daerah Panasbumi Pulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aliran panas bawah permukaan di Daerah Panasbumi Pulu yang terdiri dari kedalaman atas (Zt), kedalaman tengah (Zo), kedalaman basal (Zb). Tahapan penelitian menggunakan teknik analisis spektrum. Gradien temperatur dan aliran panas didapatkan dengan memasukkan nilai kedalaman basal yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan Persamaan Hukum Fourier. Hasil yang di peroleh menunjukkan nilai rata-rata gradien temperatur yaitu 0,212550C dan nilai rata-rata aliran panas yaitu 0,32298 mWm-2.
Analisis Sensitivitas Model Epidemi SEIR
Authors: Hurint Roberta U , Ndii Meksianis Z. , Lobo Maria
Published: April 2018

Analisis sensitivitas dari model epidemi Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious dan Recovered (SEIR) dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan nilai parameter terhadap nilai basic reproduction number dan titik tetap endemik khususnya kelas exposed and infectious. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa laju transmisi penyakit dan laju kesembuhan merupakan parameter yang paling berpengaruh terhadap basic reproduction number. Sementara itu, laju perpindahandari kelas exposed ke infectious merupakan parameter yang sangat berpengaruh pada jumlah individu exposed. Laju kesembuhan merupakan parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap populasi dari kelas infectious. Hasil ini mengimplikasikan bahwa untuk mengurangi epidemi suatu penyakit maka perlu intervensi kesehatan yang dapat mempercepat kesembuhan individu terinfeksi (infectious inviduals).
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Tahi Ayam (Lantana camara L.) Sebagai Herbisida Alami Terhadap Perkecambahan Biji Akasia Berduri (Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile)
Authors: Mirnawati Mirnawati , Pitopang Ramadhanil , Suwastika I Nengah
Published: April 2018

Penelitian tentang “Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Tahi Ayam (Lantana camara L.) sebagai Herbisida Alami Terhadap Perkecambahan Biji Akasia Berduri (Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile)” telah dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Desember 2016 di Laboratorium Jurusan Biologi Unit Bioteknologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Tadulako. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsentrasi pemberian ekstrak daun L. camara yang paling efektif sebagai herbisida alami dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap perkecambahan biji A. nilotica. Penelitian didesain menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak P0= 0%, P1= 5%, P2= 10%, P3= 20%, P4= 30%. Variabel pengamatan meliputi daya kecambah (persentase perkecambahan), hari munculnya kecambah, panjang hipokotil, dan berat basah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun L. camara berpengaruh nyata menghambat perkecambahan biji A. nilotica, semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak maka akan semakin berpotensi menghambat perkecambahan yang ditunjukkan dengan menurunnya persentase perkecambahan dan melambatnya munculnya kecambah serta rendahnya nilai pengukuran panjang hipokotil dan berat basah. Terdapat efektivitas herbisida alami  ekstrak daun L. camara pada konsentrasi 30% yang dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk menghambat perkecambahan dan anakan A. nilotica.