bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Distance Learning on writing skills of EFL learners in the Arab Context
Authors: Hanan Ismail K Kutubkhanah Alsaied
Published: June 2023

For both scholars and practitioners, the main issue has been the requirement for supporting the practice of teaching writing in English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Since it helps students become better writers, peer evaluation has attracted a lot of attention. EFL learners in Arab countries face certain difficulties in their writing practices. However, the impact of distance learning practices on the writing practices of EFL learners has been found. The purpose of this research aims to find out the impact of distance learning on the writing skills of EFL learners in the Arab context. Also the study aims to implement distance learning approaches for EFL learners to improve their writing skills.
The Thai Changeful Behavior in Watching the Sport During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Saowalee Kaewchuay  , Oam To-aj  , Apithai Bumrungpanictarworn
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study were to study the behavior level in watching the sport during the COVID-19 pandemic, to compare the personal characteristics with the Thai behavior in watching the sport during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to create the guideline to promote the Thai behavior in watching the sport during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed a mixed-method design. In the quantitative phase was characterized by an initial quantitative phase of data collection by the questionnaire with 400 participants by selecting through nonprobability sampling, and analyzed with the descriptive statistic and the logistic regression analysis. In the qualitative phase, the 12 participants included the 4 sport media, the 4 sport news reporters, and the 4 sport marketers participated in semi-structure interviews. The results of the quantitative phase found that that the male agreed in watching the sport during the COVID-19 pandemic through the TV digital and the online media was higher than female (Inferential group) 1.62 times, the bachelor degree level, less than bachelor degree, and master degree were higher than the doctoral degree or others (Inferential group) 48504, 32761 and 23693 times, the government retire employee/private was not agreed higher than other careers (Specific) that has been in the inferential group 96296 times, the single and the married was higher than the divorce (Inferential group) 98080 and 31579 times, and the monthly income less than 5,000 Baht was higher than 40,000 Baht (Inferential group) 5.75 times. The qualitative data found the 7 issues of the guideline of promoting the Thai behavior in watching the sport during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research result could be benefit to the entrepreneurs those who like to use the research result as the guideline for being the information base in order to adjust their strategy to the market of the people who watch sport during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The predicament and protection countermeasures of the original ecological village sports inheritance—in the case of Climbing rod in Longlin De 'e Village
Authors: Tian Hongtao  , Du Gaoshan
Published: June 2023

Study Aim. At the moment of people's increasingly satisfied material and cultural life, how to meet the spiritual and cultural life has become problematic in rural areas. The original ecological villages have become one of the choices for the people to satisfy spiritual and cultural life. They can improve their physical fitness through the physical exercise of the original ecological villages. They can also learn traditional cultural knowledge, cultivate sentiment, and enhance the inheritance and development of traditional national sports culture.Material and Methods. Therefore, the use of qualitative analysis and quantitative research to describe the current status of the development of the Longlin De 'e Climbing rod， Through literature, field surveys, questionnaire interviews and oral history, and other research methods take the Longlin De 'e Climbing rod as an example to study the status of sports protection in the original ecological village.Results. The conclusion is that the lack of support from government departments in the original ecological village, the weakening of the villagers' sense of recognition of the national culture, and the change in a local social structure made inheritance unsustainable.Conclusions. Therefore, it is recommended that the government should respond to the improvement of the support of the original ecological villages, formulate corresponding measures, enhance the sense of identity in the sports culture of the original ecological village, change the traditional inheritance model, and create a good development and inheritance environment for the sports of the original ecological villages, to achieve the nation Protection of traditional sports culture.
Weaving identities and stories about the boarding school of the Copiapó mining school and the student residence of the University of Atacama
Authors: Carmen Burgos  , Cory Duarte  , Veronica Olivares  , Karen Pino
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study is to construct a historical-discursive description of the experiences of key individuals who lived in student homes, boarding schools located in the third region of Atacama. These institutions are operated and sponsored by the University of Atacama, the region's sole state and regional university. This tour shows a retrospective look at the boarding schools that existed from 1900 and 2019 in order to understand the discourse and the configuration of subjectivity, the identity traits of individuals who lived part of their lives in student homes, boarding schools in a non-linear way. This research analyzes narrative discourse, with evidence of the prevalence and stratification, to answer two main questions: How does living in a student residence shape present identity? And how do individuals view themselves in relation to the identity traits formed during their time in the residence? To achieve this, we use the Goffmanian category of total institution and Foucauldian categories of knowledge, symbolic technology, control and domination technology – signs that are stratified-and technologies of self-care. By examining open narrative character, which allows for the creation and freedom of subjectivities, we can gain insight into the features of present identity that may be influenced by past experiences in student residences.
ANALYSIS OF BURNOUT FACTORS AND DETERMINANTS IN TEACHER EDUCATORS ON THE BASIS OF GENDER AND LOCALE
Authors: Radha Kumari  , Jyotsana Jaiswal
Published: June 2023

People in a society cannot ascend beyond the position of its instructors, who represent the society's socio-cultural ethos. Teaching is one of the few occupations that offers the unique chance to assist humanity, making it one of the most fulfilling, challenging, and potentially fruitful careers one can pursue. A growing number of educators, however, are struggling with "professional burnout," a condition that must be addressed and eradicated before it spreads and becomes a chronic sickness among unsatisfied educators who pose a challenge to the government. Here in this report aim is to learn more about college teachers' experiences with burnout by examining these factors: gender, location, and employer type. Standardized methods for assessing burnout were used on a sample of 200 teachers (102 males and 98 females) from government and private college schools in the Prayagraj district.
CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES OF DEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURSHIP UNIVERSITY
Authors: Era Sonita  , Rudi Febrimansyah  , Henmaidi  , Nofialdi
Published: June 2023

Islamic universities are increasingly paying attention to the academic development of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the best barriers and opportunities in the transformation of the state Islamic university Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi into an entrepreneurial university. Islam itself strongly directs humans to live their lives through the Qur'an which functions as a guide for humans (hudan linnas) and guidance for people who are pious (hudan lil muttaqin).This study was conducted through a survey among experts in the field to identify the best barriers and facilitators in the transformation of the State Islamic University of Scjeh M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi into an entrepreneurial university.The results of the research survey show that there are internal and external barriers and facilitators of entrepreneurial transformation at UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek in Bukittinggi. This research study is expected to increase awareness of the internal challenges to make UIN Sjech M Djamil Djambek more entrepreneurial as well as the factors that can facilitate the transformation process and the need to strengthen the entrepreneurial ecosystem at the University. Policy holders should pay attention to external barriers to transformation and in particular to the need for collaboration with stakeholders and exploring funding sources.This study tries to explore what factors are the obstacles and opportunities for realizing UIN which is towards an entrepreneurial university.Through this research, it is possible to increase awareness of the internal challenges to make Islamic universities of UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi more entrepreneurial through factors that can facilitate the transformation process and the need to strengthen the entrepreneurial ecosystem at Islamic universities of UIN Sjech M. Djamil Djambek Bukittinggi. Institutional leaders should also focus on external barriers to transformation, especially on building partnership networks. This study tries to focus on internal and external interests as an appropriate context. This can be found in the Qur'an surah al Jumuah verse 10, surah ash-shaf verse 10-11 and surah al-Qashash verse 77. In addition, it is also supported by a hadith narrated by Imam al-Bukhari sourced from Miqdam Ibn Ma'dikarib ra and narrated by Ibn Asakir from Anas ra.
Effect of Chat GPT on the digitized learning process of university students
Authors: Alejandro Guadalupe Rincón Castillo  , Giovanna Jackeline Serna Silva  , Javier Pedro Flores Arocutipa  , Haydeé Quispe Berrios  , Marco Antonio Marcos Rodriguez  , Guillermo Yanowsky Reyes  , Hugo Ricardo Prado Lopez  , Rosa Marina Vera Teves  , Herbert Victor Huaranga Rivera  , José Luis Arias-Gonzáles
Published: June 2023

This study's main objective was to determine how the use of ChatGPT has impacted the digitalized education system among Peruvian university students. This study used descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis using the data collected randomly from 216 students’ responses on the Twitter website on the various experiences they have of ChatGPT. According to this research, 71.30% of participants who participated in the discussion agreed that they use ChatGPT as it is fast and provides the most accurate answers. Fifty participants representing 23.15% of the total indicated in the discussion that they use ChatGPT since it is free and easy to use. Additionally, the linear regression analysis to determine its cost, recommendation, rate of task completion and preference as any impact on the usage of ChatGPT and how this affects the digitalized learning process. And from the result, there was a positive correlation between the independent variable of student use of ChatGPT and the dependent variables of the rate of assignment completion, cost, and preference for using ChatGPT because of its services.

Given that most students may access ChatGPT for no cost, and its estimated cost variable was 0.379, it is widely used by them. These results prove that ChatGPT significantly impacts the digitalized learning process as many students prefer to use ChatGPT to handle tasks. Therefore, it is clear that institutions should come up with ways of dealing with students' growing use of AI bots.
Political Situation in Deir Ezzor City Under the British Rule 1919-1920
Authors: Yasmine Mohamed Mahmoud  , Youssef Sami Farhan
Published: June 2023

The population in Deir Ezzor suffered from misbehavior, management and dealings with the British. Which prompted them to launch a massive revolution against them, led by Ramadan Shalash. Which was sent by the Arab government in Damascus. The men of the Iraqi Al-Ahed Association tried to take advantage of the people's grievances and their hatred of the British rule in order to rid them of that rule and set off towards Iraq to get rid of their occupation. Ramadan Shalash was extremely hostile and hateful to the British. Together with his men, he was able to destroy Britain's reputation. Thus, the Deir Ezzor revolution became the main stimulus for the Iraqis to carry out the revolution. The movements of Yassin al-Hashemi are considered an important source of salvation from British rule, as he commissioned Ramadan Shalash, the fiercest enemy of the British, to incite clans and tribes against the British occupation.
Exploring the Impact of Pragmatic Competence on the Communicative Competence
Authors: Rula Tahsin Tarawneh
Published: June 2023

The ability to use language effectively is critical for communication, and possessing a large vocabulary, perfect pronunciation, and grammatical understanding is not sufficient for fluency in English. Pragmatic competence, which encompasses knowledge of social, cultural, and discourse conventions, is essential for language use success. However, many students lack this competence, which affects their communicative ability. While classroom-based education can enhance the pragmatic development of second language learners, there is little research on the subject. This study aims to explore the impact of pragmatism on communicative ability and highlights the importance of pragmatic competence in language use.
Diversity thematic of the structure for the visual formation in satellite channels
Authors: Weam Sabri Khaddam  , Abdulbassit Salman
Published: June 2023

The artistic work in the works of satellite stations, Arab or international, depends on the generating of meanings in the television performance visually through semantic and expressive representations based on the elements of visual formation, This is done through the thematic vision on which the structural fabric and architecture of the text depends, within symbols, icons, and expressive semantics based on a set of theorizing references. It is mainly formed according to the aesthetic representation and intellectual construction depending on the language of the mediator through the thematic employment in the use of the elements of the pictorial language based on the inclusion of narrative structures and their engagements in the visual production and their inclusion of generative meanings that impose requirements for the production of meanings in satellite channels, As there is a label and affiliation in drawing imagination and creativity with what the spectator watches, and the researcher has formulated the title of her research according to the following: Diversity Thematic of the structure for the visual formation in satellite channels.
Leveraging Green Human Resource Management and Organizational Culture in Performance
Authors: Sajeda Alma'abreh  , Siti Nur ‘Atikah Zulkiffli  , Nik Hazimah Nik Mat
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study is to examine how GHRM and organizational culture impact job performance in the Jordanian banking sector. The study also discusses how the previously mentioned elements related to one another as they were incorporated into the resource-based-view (RBV) theory. A thorough evaluation of recent literature was also included in the study with regard to the quantitative results from looking at GHRM and job performance in the Jordanian environment. The result found a significant relationship between them. Also; research highlights the most significant discoveries made on themes by outlining the connections between all of the components and incorporating the interrelationships into a single distinct model. The study offers the most thorough textual analysis of quantitative findings to date by focusing on work performance. Previous studies verified the connection between these variables. The value of the study helps academic groups interested in job performance and its intricacies in addition to filling a vacuum in the literature.
Legality of Electronic Evidence in Criminal Evidence
Authors: Ameel Jabbar Ashour  , Hayder Ars Afan
Published: June 2023

With the great and accelerated development witnessed by various aspects of life, and the use of technological techniques in all areas of work from the use of computers and the Internet, the crime is no longer committed in its traditional form, but has gone beyond the use of the information network using computers and information systems as a tool in committing the crime, which necessitated the provision of legal protection and the creation of a punitive system for the perpetrator of computer crimes and the information network that accompanied the emergence, growth and development of computer systems and networks and the information technology revolution because of its many risks and Great losses to institutions and individuals as they target the attack on data and information that affect the private lives of individuals, as well as threatening national security and national sovereignty. The study found that there is a clear deficiency in many arab substantive and procedural criminal legislations in confronting the phenomenon of crimes that occur by electronic means or on these means, for the seriousness of this crime recommended this study need for Arab legislation to speed up the pace of amending its punitive laws in order to keep pace with the revolution in remote communications, so that there is no separation between reality and law in a way that harms society and its individuals.
The Effect of the Pentagram Strategy on the Achievement of Chemistry among the Second Grade Intermediate Female Students
Authors: Rasha Maan Zaki  , Susan Duraid Ahmed Zangan
Published: June 2023

Study aims to examine the impact of the pentagram on the chemistry achievement of second-year day intermediate students,Al-Sadir School for female was specifically chosen as the student of the research sample related to the Baghdad Al-Karkh Directorate second for the school year 2022-2023,The researcher used the experimental approach the research,where the research sample consisted of 53female students distributed into two groups,one of which was taken randomly to represent the experimental group,the number of which was 27female student who studied according to the Pentagram strategy, and the control group had 26female student They studied in the usual way,After excluding the number of female students who failed,Both of groups were exposed to A collection of factors exemplified by(chronological age, previous achievement in science,and the Raven test for intelligence),The two researchers designed a (40item test) achievement exam as a study instrument , After applying it to both groups,The results were treated statistically.
Operational spending pressure in light of the use of the internal public debt to finance the public budget deficit in Iraq
Authors: Sameer Siham Dawood  , Muneam Hussein Ali  , Bilal Kadhim Haidar
Published: June 2023

The study shows the influence of operational spending pressure with the use of the internal public debt tool in financing the general budget deficit in Iraq from 1990 to 2021. The results of the standard analysis according to the statistical program (Eviews9) show that reducing operational spending leads to filling Part of the general budget deficit because operational expenditures constitute the largest proportion of the total public expenditures, the use of the internal public debt instrument provides funds to cover part of the public budget deficit, and this is explained by the value of R2 = 0.88 meaning that (88%) of the changes in the budget The generality as a dependent variable is due to the changes in (operating expenditure, internal public debt) as independent variables and (12%) represented by the random variable. Also, the value of (5.458682F =) at a Sig. level of 5% and a probabilistic value (Prob = 0.005242) shows Joint integration between the variables included in the model indicating a long-term equilibrium relationship, as the value of (DW = 1.520874) showed that (3 > DW > -3) has no autocorrelation problem for the values of the random variable indicating operating expenditure pressure. Using internal public debt instrument leads to filling part of the deficit in the public budget in Iraq. All the tables are prepared by the researcher based on the outputs of the Eviews9 program.
Impact of Islamic Banking Finance on Development of Real Investment
Authors: Kefah Alsouri  , Abdallah Barakat  , Ismail Yamin
Published: June 2023

The main aim of this study is to investigate the extent of Islamic finance contribution in real investment promoting by focusing on the size of Islamic finance instruments such as Almodaraba, profitability, and participation and their impact on the development of real investment. The results show a strong positive relationship between Islamic finance contribution and the increase in real investment size. The profitability and participation have a strong positive effect on the increasing real investment size, but Almodaraba have a negative impact with the increasing real investment size. The study recommended increasing interest by Islamic banks in expanding the real investment base in order of its impact on the national economy, and the necessity of Islamic banks to diversify Islamic financing formulas.
Adjectives and their Attributives and Predicative Variations
Authors: Najeba Rashed mahamed
Published: June 2023

It has been difficult for adjectives to be identified as a lexical category. This paper examines adjectives (attributively and predicatively) to locate points of challenge and difficulty. By employing a theoretical analysis depending on a number of previous studies. This procedure is applied to examine such studies. Perceptions about the aforementioned types of adjectives are carried out to ensure that sample of the study correspond to the aim of the study itself. However, other adjectives can have a solo function either as an attributives or predicatives. In this paper, an identification as well as a differentiation of adjectives as a lexical category is to be shown. However, this paper argues that the semantic treatment of attributive adjectives can denote to second-order identity-typed functions. This has a conceptual merit for a theory assuming that attributive adjectives signify properties. It is shown that the merits of analyzing the attributive adjectives as second-order identity-typed functions captivating nominal arguments. Moreover, it is apparent that both types function as properties of a type-shifting operator to derive the attributive use of adjectives from the predicative use.
Responsible State in Vietnam: Application of Aristotle's Political Thought
Authors: Trang Do  , Duyen Nguyen Thi Thuy  , Phuong Nguyen Thi Hong
Published: June 2023

The State is a necessary institution to maintain human existence. Besides, carrying out a research on the State always makes it tend to serve human life so that life is fairer, equal, and more charitable, which is a matter of great urgency. In Vietnam, the nature of the State is a state of the people, by the people, for the people as stipulated in the constitution. Therefore, the Vietnamese State needs to undertake the task of primarily serving the people. This requires the State to be accountable for the people for all the issues under its management. The article's new point provides a basis to prove that the socialist rule of law state is a responsible state through the analysis of the specificity, inevitability, and contents of the State's responsibility. It is also the application of state ideology to always aim for a good life and serve the common interests of Aristotle.
The impact of organizational wisdom on Strategic foresight
Authors: Hameed Ali Hameed  , Hadeel Kadem Saeed
Published: June 2023

The current paper’s aim is to determine the influence magnitude of the organizational wisdom in achieving strategic foresight for the Daura Refinery plant of the Iraqi Midland Refineries Company (MRC) through the research hypothesis that suggests a lack of impact of organizational wisdom on strategic foresight. The hypothesis was tested using the analytical descriptive method coupled with a questionnaire as the main tool. The 59-article questionnaire was distributed to leaders of the company that comprised the study community; an entirely enclosed group of a non-probability purposive sampling that included (352) individuals, a list that was then narrowed down to (312) as being analytically valid. The study resulted in a number of conclusions on top of which was the existence of influence of significance that the organizational wisdom showed on strategic foresight.
Integrating Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) into Teaching Reading Skills to EFL Learners in Some Sudanese Secondary Schools
Authors: Khalid Othman
Published: June 2023

The importance of this study is derived from the fact that EFL teachers in countries such as Sudan, which is a least developed country always face many difficulties to integrate Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) because it is a self-directed online learning that takes place outside of official educational initiatives like degree-based programmes or organized online professional development modules and the government does not support this type of learning. This study aims to increase the perceptions of those EFL teachers about the importance of integrating (IDLE) into teaching reading skills. The study considers teachers' awareness, perceptions, and their attitudes towards (IDLE), it also aims investigate to what extend EFL teachers integrate (IDLE) into teaching reading skills. Results and findings showed that teachers’ perceptions about (IDLE) are not adequate for the recent need to use technology, results showed that (50.00%) of EFL teachers do not integrate (IDLE) into their teaching approach Integrating technology into teaching even though CALL is now normalized.
Memory in the poetry of Imru’ al-Qais
Authors: Rafah Ali Nima Al-Azzawi
Published: June 2023

Memory has been a major aspect in many fields of cognitive, psychological, philosophical, social, cultural and medical studies. It has greatly helped in understanding the human personality and knowing its tendencies and motivations by translating what it stores in its depths of ideas, visions, activities and functions. It then continued on its way to enter literary studies and poetry, especially because it played a big role in providing the poets with a huge stock of accumulations of events, situations and experiences that they choose as appropriate according to the poet's poetry talent and according to the impact of these events so that they are rooted in memory and become difficult to forget in transforming these attitudes and experiences entrenched in mind. They affected personality and remained stuck in his memory and dominated the centers of thinking and sensation into mature literary works and deep creative images.There is a close link between poetry and memory. Poetry has the ability to absorb the manifestations of memory because it is closely related to human emotions and feelings, which is a feature of memory. The basis of emotions and feelings is the ability to retain it and the poet can conjure it at any time he wants.The study found poetic cases that have long passed, but the memory is able to revive it. It can recover the past to maintain its permanence no matter how long it has passed, and here lies the importance of memory.Memory does not mean mere memories of a past and end time and can be retrieved in certain psychological and emotional conditions that include all the experiences of human consciousness. It also includes all the hypotheses that determine the treatment of the present. It reflects the past and the present and influences the future.The study consists of two topics, the first is the concept of memory and its mechanism of action and the reflection of its effectiveness on the poetry of the poet, while the second topic is large sum of the memory of the poet, such as (time, place, woman and tribe).
The Impact of a Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Program to Reduce Insomnia on Depressed People
Authors: Feras Ali Mohammad Al-Habies
Published: June 2023

Insomnia is a main precursor to depression; However, the potential for treatment of insomnia is preventing depression is not sufficiently scrutinised between Jordanian patients. Therefore, in this experiment, an investigation of the impact of a cognitive-behavioural therapy program to reduce insomnia on depressed patients in Jordan. The study adopted an experimental design. 17 patients were purposely chosen to join the experiment. The two experimental groups were subjected to the Beck test for depression and the dependence scale. The treatment consisted of 14 treatment sessions of 45 minutes per session. The data was analysed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS 23.0 software. The findings showed that the therapeutic program used is effective in reducing the degrees of depression among depressed and insomnia patients. MANOVA analyses revealed there are statistically significant differences on the two scales in the scores. The level of significance was (0.000), which is less than (α ≤ 0.05) for the independent variable. The explained variance was calculated: (eta squared x 100%): 0.301 X 100% = 30%, meaning that the treatment explained (30%) of the variance in the dependent variable with respect to depression, while the explained variance was calculated for insomnia: (eta squared x 100%): 0.75 x 100% = 75%, meaning that the treatment explained (75%) of the variation in the dependent variable for insomnia. The study recommends conducting further investigation on group therapy modalities of reducing insomnia before making recommendations.
Legality of Comparative Commercial Advertising
Authors: Jaafar Kadhim Jebur
Published: June 2023

The development and progress in various fields of trade and industry has played a major role in opening a wide horizon for different facilities for growth and occupation of many countries and markets that were not known before, and the multiplicity of types of products and services led to the need to find an effective way to link the product and the consumer so that the consumer trusts and is convinced of the quality of the products and services provided to him, and this means is advertising in general and commercial advertising in particular, the comparative commercial advertising has become at the present time a necessity that must exist for both the producer and the service provider and the consumer himself, and the comparative commercial advertisement did not have a prominent place among commercial advertisements because it was and is still in some legislation subject to dispute and non-recognition of its legitimacy, and comparative commercial advertising has passed through many stages, especially in France, and has been subjected to many criticisms and objections at all legislative, judicial and jurisprudential levels, But in the end, it was able to establish a foothold between the most important means of introducing products and services, as well as among other means of communication, so that it became the most important due to its advantages, especially in the speed and accuracy of information delivery compared to its counterparts to the receiving public, and it is also an effective way to introduce the consumer to market conditions and competing products and services of different kinds, and it also provides him with sufficient time to receive that information.
Thomas Hobbes' view on the subject of power in "Leviathan"
Authors: Tuoi Thi Tran
Published: June 2023

Thomas Hobbes (1588 – 1679) was one of the outstanding representatives of English materialism in the seventeenth century (Duncan, 2021), who "systematized Francis Bacon's materialism" (Marx & Engels, 2004, p. 196). At the same time, he applied the principle of mechanism to the socio-political field (Hobbes, 2019, p. 3). In the work on politics, "Leviathan," the main work expresses quite fully the content which is the essence of the political thought of Thomas Hobbes.The state and power, including power in Leviathan, were formed under the influence of the English revolution and civil war. From the loss and suffering caused by the "[w]ar of everyone against everyone" and "man and man are wolves" caused by civil war, Hobbes established the theory of Social contract. That is, in the process of transitioning from the natural state to the civil state, individuals agree to transfer power to the supreme being with incomparable power in order to ensure peace, stability, and security. The powerful, supreme being was described by Hobbes with the image of Leviathan, a sea monster of incomparable power, described in the Christian Bible. The power, responsibility of the supreme, and the relationship between the supreme and the citizens analyzed by Hobbes in "Leviathan" have so far remained topical, leaving valuable lessons for the formation of reasonable political space for socio-economic development.
The of anthropogenous factors on the (Baghdad - Kirkuk) road
Authors: Huda Abdel-kadir Aziz  , Jamal Hamid Rashid
Published: June 2023

This research aims to highlight the role of anthropogenous factors on the highway of the study area (Baghdad-Kirkuk road), because this highway has a strategic importance. It is a link artery between the capital, Baghdad, and the northern governorates. The population density according to the study districts is (241.46) people per linear kilometer of the road, while the study showed that the large population density of the urban population per linear kilometer included the Kirkuk district, was 4329.9, for the large population density of the rural population per linear kilometer. It included the district of Khalis, which amounted to (1018.7), and the study also showed the effect of the highway and its role in increasing the number of daily trips resulting from the presence of many areas and religious shrines. This road is important and it has a great effect on economic agricultural, industrial and tourism activities.
Digital transformation and circular economy in universities
Authors: Lucy Marisol Guanuchi Orellana  , Miguel Ángel Medina Romero  , Guillermo Yanowsky Reyes  , Franklin Surichaqui Gutierrez  , Fredy Alberto Hernández Hernández  , Aurelia Zavala Palacios  , Giovanna Gutiérrez Gayoso  , Isaac Merino Quispe  , Heidy Margarita Rico Fontalvo  , Fidencio Ore Cabrera  , Mario José Vasquez Pauca  , Christian Paolo Martel Carranza
Published: June 2023

This study aims to explore the relationship between digital transformation and circular economy practices in universities. A mixed-method approach was used to collect data from 500 participants comprising faculty, students, and staff of various universities in Peru. Data was collected using an online survey and analyzed using SPSS software. The findings of this study suggest that there is a positive relationship between digital transformation and circular economy practices in universities (r = 0.67,p 0.001). The regression analysis result showed that the level of digital transformation practices in universities significantly positively affected the adoption of circular economy practices (β = 0.61,p < 0.001). The study also highlights the importance of leadership support, stakeholder engagement, and resource availability in adopting circular economy practices. Based on the findings, the study recommends that universities prioritize adopting digital transformation practices and engage with a wide range of stakeholders to create a culture of sustainability. Future research should explore the role of leadership, stakeholder engagement, and resource availability in promoting circular economy practices in universities.
The Role of Internal Marketing Practices in Moderating the Impact of Job Insecurity on Turnover Intention
Authors: Fu'ad Abdallah Al-Fakeh  , Belal Mahmoud AlWadi  , Varadaraj Aravamudhan  , Ali Abu Eid  , Nour Ali Nussir  , Fawzieh Masa’d  , Ghaith Abdulraheem Ali Alsheikh
Published: June 2023

With internal marketing (IM) practices serving as a moderator, this article intends to investigate the nature of the link between job insecurity (JI) and turnover intention (TI). The survey included Jordanian Islamic bank employees. Using a basic random sample, a total of 284 replies from various Jordanian Islamic banks were gathered and evaluated; the response rate was thus (78.8%). SPSS software was used to perform a descriptive study of the respondents' demographic characteristics. SmartPLS made use of the measurement, structural model, and test hypotheses of the study framework. The study's key results show a substantial positive association between work instability and desire to leave. Additionally, it shows a strong influence of internal marketing's moderating function on the association between work instability and desire to leave. Employees who feel insecure in their jobs may have intentions to quit, which might be one argument in favor of this connection. Otherwise, they need internal marketing techniques from the organization's side to enhance their performance and persuade them to abandon their plans to leave this company. This result of our correlation research demonstrates that internal marketing implementation inside firms displays the function that it plays in attaining job instability and turnover intention. The banking industry, financial institutions, and other businesses in any nation looking to retain their staff may all benefit from this research. The moderating influence of internal marketing in the direct link between job insecurity and turnover intention in the Islamic banks in Jordan was one of the social issues this article attempted to solve. The fact that every study builds on earlier work means that this cannot be done in a vacuum. We were directed to concentrate on bridging the information gaps concerning such a situation by doing an extensive literature study of books and periodicals on what is currently known about the topic.
Artificial Intelligence application in Education
Authors: Roxana Yolanda Castillo-Acobo  , David Raul Hurtado Tiza  , Lucy Marisol Guanuchi Orellana  , Betzy Zeytel Llerena Cajigas  , Freddy Toribio Huayta-Meza  , Crisostomo Quispe Sota  , Gloria Irene Suaña Muñoz  , Jesus Enrique Reyes Acevedo  , Manuel Antonio Cardoza Sernaqué  , Christian Paolo Martel Carranza  , José Luis Arias Gonzáles
Published: June 2023

This research aimed to examine the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) for use in higher education and to assess the consequences of using AI in this setting. The research uses demographics like age, gender, and field of study might affect the implementation of AI in classrooms using analysis of variance or ANOVA methodology. The study included 209 participants, or 52.2% of the population, with 100 male and 109 female participants. In the results there was a large age and major-related divide in how respondents used AI in the classroom. Younger respondents were more likely to indicate extensive use of AI in the classroom. Neither men nor women reported significantly different rates of AI use in the classroom. Another interesting finding is that respondents enrolled in STEM-related programs were more likely to use AI in the classroom than those enrolled in other programs. Based on these results, age and field of the study appear more influential than gender when it comes to the application of AI in the classroom. This research has the potential to inform the creation of policies and tactics that will increase the prevalence of AI in classrooms across all ages and subject areas. Due to its limited sample size and focus on a single institution, the University of Lima in Peru, the study has certain caveats.
TRIBAL FANATICISM (RADICALISM) AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY IN JORDANIAN SOCIETY AND THE ROLE OF OMAR BIN ABDUL AZIZ'S APPROACH IN ELIMINATING THEM
Authors: Issa Ali Hussain Al Awamreh  , Firdaus Khairi abdul Kadir  , Kais A Kadhim
Published: June 2023

Tribal fanaticism and lack of transparency is a phenomenon that has invaded contemporary societies, and Jordanian society, like other societies, has been affected by this dangerous phenomenon. When tribal fanaticism shifts from the positive side to the negative, the level of classism and nepotism increases, and the deviation from the correct Islamic foundations increases. Omar bin Abdul Aziz motivated by the fear of God took care of the citizens, and he made sure that everyone was equal. Omar’s justice appears through holding the workers accountable in the state, and it was from what Wahb bin Munabbih wrote to Omar bin Abdul Aziz: “I lost one dinar from the Muslim treasury, and Omar replied to him with a letter saying: “I do not accuse you of your religion and trust, but I accuse you of wasting and negligence, and I am responsible for the Muslims’ money before God, and peace be upon you.” (Ibn Abd al-Hakam, 1984, p. 65). The study aimed to highlight the class and nepotism in Jordanian society and a showing the impact of Omar bin Abdul Aziz’s approach in eliminating them, and the study reached results, the most important of which is that despite the royal directives in Jordan and the legislative laws to eliminate the consequences of clan fanaticism, its impact is still present and these effects can be observed through class, nepotism, and lack of transparency among the responsible authorities in Jordanian society which led to an increase in poverty, lack of services for it, and the increasing deficit of the state treasury every year, and it also led to weak community cohesion and the creation of social stratification.
Facebook as a Platform for Integrating an Online Learning Task for English as a Second Language Students
Authors: Wiranya Sutthikun  , Sarawut Chinapas  , Hathairat Chaiyasat  , Sujittra Hongyon
Published: June 2023

Social media is now widely used, particularly for Thai students and it could be a useful tool for learning English language. The purpose of this research was to: 1) examine how effective, it is to use a Facebook-based livestream presentation (FB-LP) as a platform for assessing an online language task in enhancing listening comprehension. 2) evaluate the factors that effect and influence in language and distance learning through Facebook-based livestream presentation, and 3) comprehend the factors and application of Facebook-based livestream presentation used to assist students in the teaching and learning language process. The study uses a quasi-pre-test, post-test-experimental research design on Thais second year students were participated in the study. The pre- and post-test design helps to determine whether the utilization of Facebook-based livestream presentation is effective in improving and enhancing listening skills for all proficiency levels. In addition, paired sample t-tests, were utilized to identify significant differences between relationships between the respondents' attitudes toward listening comprehension and their proficiency listening tests. The findings revealed that the majority of the respondents have levels of elementary, intermediate and higher. Furthermore, students' attitudes and performance in using Facebook to improve their listening skills were positive. The p-value of 0.284 for the pre-test and post-test performances of the students in listening before and after the FB-LP score is above the 0.05 significance level, there was no significant difference in performance evaluation before and after testing. The attitude of the students in listening before and after the FB-LP value has a p-value (<0.001) below the significance level of 0.05, the assessment of the attitudes of responders who participated in the use of FB-LP showed significant changes before and after the implementation of the learning mode. A relationship between students’ attitude and achievement scores on the utilization of FB-LP p-value of 0.267 indicates that there is no connection. Therefore, the connection cannot be established between the achievement and attitude of the respondents in utilizing FB-LP. The study proposes the utilization and effectiveness as a result, Facebook-based livestream presentation has excellent potential as one of the effective tools to serve a lifelong e-learning process for teaching and learning. Furthermore, students are recommended to be more active in studying English to have more expertise and enhance their grammar, vocabulary, and discussion skills to get good listening performance.
The dualism of man and woman in contemporary Iraqi painting (analytical study)
Authors: Istabraq Shawkat Kazem  , Salam Edwar Yacoub
Published: June 2023

The two researchers dealt with the thesis (the dualism of man and woman in contemporary Iraqi painting - an analytical study) due to the importance of the idea of duality, which is the first building block for the concept of multiple existence, which represents the necessary condition and the permanent birth of a healthy human life and society, and sheds light on the importance of diagnosing and studying it in the contemporary Iraqi painting in particular, because it constitutes one of the important indicators of what human and social existence is in contemporary Iraq and how it is represented in art. Accordingly, the two researchers dealt with in the first chapter: (the research problem, its importance, the research objective, research limits, and terminology).Objective limits: the dualism of man and woman with direct and indirect formal metaphors.The spatial limits: Iraq - the land of Diaspora.The time limits: 1980-2021.The second chapter included (theoretical framework). The third chapter: research procedures. While the fourth chapter contained (results and conclusions, then sources).
Imam Muhammad ibn Muhammad Taqi al-Husayni al-Musawi’s (d.112 AH) Approach in his interpretation of the light of lights and the cresset of secrets
Authors: Wafaa Jabbar Ismael  , Hindi Obaid Mikhlaf
Published: June 2023

Praise be to Allah, who sent down the Holy Quran as a guidance and mercy to the worlds, Praise be to Allah, Who by His Majesty's grace and majesty fulfills the righteous deeds, and peace and blessings be upon the Lord of the Messengers, the guide and the faithful, and upon the God and the companions of the righteous.Our Sheikh Imam Muhammad ibn Muhammad Taqi al-Husseini(d.112 AH) is a famous and prominent voice in the world mentioned, and popular among the religious public, so he was known by the scientific community and his peers from the media of his time with his abundant knowledge, literature, and his involvement in science, and his navigation in jurisprudence and hadith, so he joined the science clubs and teaching seminars, and joined him is not easy of those who sip from the sea of his flowing knowledge.He siphoned the Islamic library with a book of interpretation books called The Light of Lights and The Cresset of Secrets , and Sabine in this research, God willing, the approach that he followed in writing this valuable book is preceded by a brief overview of his scientific and social life and the sources on which he relied in writing his book.My work has included two topics, the first of which is in the author's life statement and the second in a systematic statement of interpretation.I concluded with the sources that I relied on in writing this paper.