bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Structure Analysis of X12CrNiMoV12-3 and X6CrNiTi18-10 Steel Samples Processed by Laser Shot Peening (LSP)
Authors: Bricín David , Gilík Hynek
Published: October 2022

The aim of the experiment was to verify the influence of the chosen strategy of laser shot peening (LSP) on the structure and surface properties of samples made of martensitic steel X12CrNiMo12 and austenitic steel X6CrNiTi18-10. The analyses performed consisted of surface topography analysis of the samples, using a confocal microscope, Olympus LEX|T OLS 5000 and metallographic analysis using a Carl Zeiss Observer Z1m light microscope and a Tescan Mira 3 scanning electron microscope. The metallographic analysis was complemented by the measurement of microhardness HV0.01, which was performed using a Struers DuraScan semi-automatic hardness tester. The LSP process introduced plastic deformation into the surface layer of both materials analysed. The plasma and shock wave generated during the process further affected the surface roughness of both tested materials, which was reflected by an increase in the value of the roughness parameter Rz. Microhardness measurements showed that the influence of the LSP process can increase the surface hardness of the material. Metallographic analysis using light microscopy methods failed to identify differences between the structure near the shot peened surface and the non-peened surface, probably due to the coarse grain structure of both materials analysed.
Measuring deformations of the fan blade by optical methods
Authors: Horáček Vít , Yanovych Vitalij , Bastl Filip
Published: October 2022

Across industries, the demand for the ability to analyze components in operation and make decisions on repair based on the data obtained is growing rapidly. There is the potential to ensure safer operations while saving the cost of unnecessary new parts. A quick and relatively inexpensive method is a 3D scanner - the device that can scan a real component and create an accurate 3D model. For stationary cases - inspecting parts or assemblies - these are already established methods. In contrast, measurement of vibrations and deformations in operation is still not widespread and for turbomachinery, it can be a new direction of development.
CFD benchmark of flat plate fuel assembly
Authors: Hrouda Štěpán , Syblík Jan , Gleitz Miroslav , Cihlář Michal
Published: October 2022

Diversification of the nuclear fuel suppliers is an inseparable component of nuclear safety of power and research nuclear reactors. So far, the Czech research reactor LVR-15 has been operated with the Russian fuel IRT-4M, because there was no alternative to this fuel. Recently, the French company CERCA has developed an alternative to this fuel Flat Plate Fuel Assembly (FPFA). Hence, the influence of the different fuel characteristics (especially neutronic, thermomechanic and hydraulic) on nuclear safety has to be provided. This work involves a comparison of the flow characteristic of these two types of fuel assemblies using the ANSYS Fluent 2021 R1 and STAR CCM+ 2022 CFD programs. Moreover, these computational models of FPFA fuel are validated in an experimental facility.
ORC and sCO2 cycle for high temperature WHR applications
Authors: Kubíková Tereza
Published: October 2022

This article suggests a suitable closed thermodynamic cycle for waste heat from a cement plant by using alternative working fluids. A pair of closed working cycles is compared: supercritical CO2 cycle (sCO2) and the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). In the case of ORC, it was necessary to choose a suitable working fluid. The goal is to minimize the ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) and GWP (Global Warming Potential), to maximize the thermal efficiency and to optimize the minimum working temperature difference (pinch points, approach points), the temperature profiles of the heat exchangers and their working pressure and temperature, which affects the cost. Both cycles (ORC and sCO2) including a detailed component analysis are calculated using Python in Spyder IDE, which includes all the libraries for this task. According to the results of the calculations, the ORC cycle was chosen for further calculations of the components (condenser and turbine). The most suitable working fluids with high efficiency are hexamethyldisiloxane (MM), ethylbenzene and toluene, from which toluene was selected.
Vorticity statistics in the near wake of asymmetric prismatic airfoil NACA 64-618 at negative angle of attack –10° at Reynolds numbers 1.6 ⋅ 104 and 1.6 ⋅ 105 in distance 0.0 – 0.4 × chord past trailing edge measured by Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Narovec Jan , Duda Daniel , Horáček Vít , Tomášková Tetjana , Uruba Václav , Yanovych Vitalii
Published: October 2022

The airfoil NACA 64-618 is realized by using two levels of quality: first the theoretical profile is printed on a 3D printer in a direct, “naive” way, this geometry has been scanned by using 3D scanner and based on the deviations, a better model has been processed. The flow within the turbulent wake is measured by using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique at two velocities separated by one order of magnitude.
Nephrologische Weiterbildungsnovelle im Zuge der generalistischen Ausbildung in der Krankenpflege
Authors: Reichardt Michael , Fernsebner Thomas
Published: October 2022

Die Bundesregierung hat die Ausbildung der Pflegeberufe neu geregelt. Das heißt konkret, dass die 3 bisherigen Berufsbilder Altenpfleger*in, Gesundheits- und Krankenpfleger*in und Gesundheits- und Kinderkrankenpfleger*in nun zu einem neuen, universellen Berufsbild zusammengefasst wurden. In der generalistischen Ausbildung fließen künftig fachliche Schwerpunkte aus allen 3 bisherigen Pflegebereichen zusammen.
Wassertransport und Outcome bei der Peritonealdialyse
Authors: Kimmel Martin
Published: October 2022

Für eine effektive Peritonealdialyse ist eine gute peritoneale Ultrafiltration ein entscheidender Faktor. Die Peritonealdialyse basiert auf Diffusion und Osmose über die Peritonealmembran, diese ist ca. 1 m² groß ist und umfasst die relevanten Kapillaren 1. Ein Erklärungsmodell für den Wasser- und Stofftransport ist das sogenannte 3-Poren-Modell, das ultrakleine, kleine und große Poren beschreibt, wobei die ultrakleinen und kleinen Poren jeweils zu ca. 50 % zur Ultrafiltration beitragen. Die ultrakleinen Poren entsprechen den Aquaporin-1-Kanälen in den peritonealen Kapillaren, sie transportieren nur freies Wasser 1. Die Rezeptur der Peritonealdialyse muss letztlich an die individuell sehr unterschiedliche Ultrafiltrationsleistung angepasst werden. Bei der Peritonealdialyse findet sich bei einem relevanten Anteil der Patienten ein technisches Versagen mit einem notwendigen Verfahrenswechsel.
Systemischer Lupus erythematodes und Lupusnephritis: neue Therapiestrategien
Authors: Weinmann-Menke Julia
Published: October 2022

Der systemische Lupus erythematodes (SLE) ist eine Autoimmunerkrankung, welche nahezu jedes Organsystem befallen kann. Die Krankheitsmanifestationen sowie die Verläufe des SLE sind sehr heterogen, eine frühe Diagnosestellung und adäquate Therapie der meist jungen Patient*innen ist für die Langzeitprognose ausgesprochen relevant. Neben der klinischen Einschätzung können die im Jahr 2019 neu publizierten Klassifikationskriterien von EULAR/ACR (EULAR: European League Against Rheumatism; ACR: American College of Rheumatology) bei der Diagnosestellung unterstützend zur Hilfe genommen werden. Die Hauptursache für Morbidität und Mortalität der Patient*innen mit SLE ist die Entwicklung einer Lupusnephritis (LN), sodass hier eine frühe Diagnosestellung für die Prognose der Patient*innen unabdingbar ist. Im Mittelpunkt der Therapie steht das Erreichen einer vollständigen Remission bzw. zumindest das Erreichen einer niedrigen Krankheitsaktivität sowie das Vermeiden aktiver Krankheitsphasen, alles möglichst unter dem Verzicht des Einsatzes von Steroiden. Aufgrund der Heterogenität der Erkrankung sind häufig individualisierte Therapieanpassungen erforderlich. Neuere Erkenntnisse über die Pathomechanismen des SLE und der LN haben zur Entwicklung zielgerichteter Therapien („targeted therapies“) geführt, die zunehmend das Therapiespektrum für Patient*innen mit SLE erweitern.
Die Rollen und Aufgaben der Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) bei der Versorgung von erwachsenen Dialysepatient*innen
Authors: Mrozicka-Karcz Anna
Published: October 2022

Angesichts der demografischen und epidemiologischen Veränderungen steigt die Lebenserwartung stetig an und die Bedürfnisse der Patient*innen bekommen eine immer größere Bedeutung. Gleichzeitig bringen die Krankheiten immer mehr chronischen Charakter hervor und der Bedarf an pflegerischer, individueller und vor allem komplexer Unterstützung für erkrankte Menschen nimmt zu. Diesbezüglich sind die Gesundheitsberufe mit neuen Rollen und damit verbundenen Befugnissen sowie Verantwortungsbereichen konfrontiert. Diese verlangen von Pflegefachkräften zunehmend theoretisches Wissen, spezialisierte und vertiefte Kenntnisse sowie geeignete Fertigkeiten ab – Fähigkeiten, die an einer Hochschule oder Universität erworben werden können. An dieser Stelle ist es wichtig zu erkennen, wie unerlässlich der Einsatz von akademisch ausgebildeten Expert*innen mit der Bezeichnung Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) ist, um die bestehenden sowie zukünftigen Herausforderungen bewältigen zu können. Besonders in speziellen Bereichen wie der Nierenersatztherapie ist die Anstellung einer APN von großer Bedeutung, da diese mit ihrer Expertise das gesamte Team und vor allem die Dialysepatient*innen unterstützen kann. Des Weiteren arbeitet eine APN individualisierte Behandlungsmethoden aus und etabliert diese in die Pflegepraxis, um Outcome- und Effizienzsteigerungen im Gesundheitssystem gewährleisten zu können.
Accommodating heterogeneity in brand loyalty estimation: application to the U.S. beer retail market
Authors: Irani-Kermani Roozbeh , Jaenicke Edward C. , Mirshani Ardalan
Published: October 2022

The assessment of consumer behavior in brand-choice models may be greatly influenced by accurately modeling and evaluating a brand-loyalty parameter. The most well-known approaches for estimating brand loyalty employ a household’s past purchase data and account for habit formation with a single smoothing parameter that indicates the weight assigned to households’ current decisions versus their distant shopping history. In this study, we present a method for estimating time-varying smoothing parameters for heterogeneous households. We estimate smoothing parameters for American households from 2014 to 2017 using Nielsen Homescan data for the US beer retail market. Using this more flexible method, we discover that the smoothing parameter varies significantly among households and time frames (for the same households). We next include a brand-loyalty index based on this approach into a brand-choice model of the American beer retail market, demonstrating that this new method improves estimation results.
Two decades of rice research in Indonesia and the Philippines: A systematic review and research agenda for the social sciences
Authors: Cuaton Ginbert P. , Delina Laurence L.
Published: October 2022

While rice studies are abundant, they usually focus on macro-level rice production and yield data, genetic diversity, cultivar varieties, and agrotechnological innovations. Moreover, many of these studies are either region-wide or concentrated on countries in the Global North. Collecting, synthesizing, and analyzing the different themes and topic areas in rice research since the beginning of the 21st century, especially in the Global South, remain unaddressed areas. This study contributes to filling these research lacunae by systematically reviewing 2243 rice-related articles cumulatively written by more than 6000 authors and published in over 900 scientific journals. Using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this study screened and retrieved articles published from 2001 to 2021 on the various topics and questions surrounding rice research in Indonesia and the Philippines—two rice-producing and -consuming, as well as emerging economies in Southeast Asia. Using a combination of bibliometrics and quantitative content analysis, this paper discusses the productive, relevant, and influential rice scholars; key institutions, including affiliations, countries, and funders; important articles and journals; and knowledge hotspots in these two countries. It also discusses the contributions of the social sciences, highlights key gaps, and provides a research agenda across six interdisciplinary areas for future studies. This paper mainly argues that an interdisciplinary and comparative inquiry of potentially novel topic areas and research questions could deepen and widen scholarly interests beyond conventional natural science-informed rice research in Indonesia and the Philippines. Finally, this paper serves other researchers in their review of other crops in broader global agriculture.
The structure inference of flocking systems based on the trajectories
Authors: Liang Jingjie , Qi Mingze , Gu Kongjing , Liang Yuan , Zhang Zhang , Duan Xiaojun
Published: October 2022

The interaction between the swarm individuals affects the dynamic behavior of the swarm, but it is difficult to obtain directly from outside observation. Therefore, the problem we focus on is inferring the structure of the interactions in the swarm from the individual behavior trajectories. Similar inference problems that existed in network science are named network reconstruction or network inference. It is a fundamental problem pervading research on complex systems. In this paper, a new method, called Motion Trajectory Similarity, is developed for inferring direct interactions from the motion state of individuals in the swarm. It constructs correlations by combining the similarity of the motion trajectories of each cross section of the time series, in which individuals with highly similar motion states are more likely to interact with each other. Experiments on the flocking systems demonstrate that our method can produce a reliable interaction inference and outperform traditional network inference methods. It can withstand a high level of noise and time delay introduced into flocking models, as well as parameter variation in the flocking system, to achieve robust reconstruction. The proposed method provides a new perspective for inferring the interaction structure of a swarm, which helps us to explore the mechanisms of collective movement in swarms and paves the way for developing the flocking models that can be quantified and predicted.
Virial-like thermodynamic uncertainty relation in the tight-binding regime
Authors: López-Alamilla N. J. , Cachi R. U. L.
Published: October 2022

We presented a methodology to approximate the entropy production for Brownian motion in a tilted periodic potential. The approximation stems from the well known thermodynamic uncertainty relation. By applying a virial-like expansion, we provided a tighter lower limit solely in terms of the drift velocity and diffusion. The approach presented is systematically analyzed in the tight-binding regime. We also provide a relative simple rule to validate using the tight-binding approach based on drift and diffusion relations rather than energy barriers and forces. We also discuss the implications of our results outside the tight-binding regime.
High-temperature vibrational relaxation and decomposition of shock-heated nitric oxide. I. Argon dilution from 2200 to 8700 K
Authors: Streicher Jesse W. , Krish Ajay , Hanson Ronald K.
Published: October 2022

This work investigates the high-temperature vibrational relaxation and decomposition of nitric oxide (NO) diluted in argon (Ar) to target NO–Ar and NO–NO interactions and to augment the subsequent inference of rates for NO diluted in nitrogen (N2). [J. W. Streicher et al., “High-temperature vibrational relaxation and decomposition of shock-heated nitric oxide. II. Nitrogen dilution from 1900 to 8200 K,” Phys. Fluids (submitted)]. In both Part I and Part II, two continuous-wave ultraviolet laser diagnostics were used to probe quantum-state-specific time-histories of NO behind reflected shocks in high-temperature shock-tube experiments, enabling inferences of multiple vibrational relaxation times and reaction rate constants for NO decomposition reactions. These diagnostics both probed absorbance (α) in the ground vibrational state of NO but in multiple rotational states utilizing light at 224.8150 and 226.1025 nm. The absorbance was subsequently used to infer quantum-state-specific time-histories for translational/rotational temperature (Ttr) via the absorbance ratio and number density of NO (nNO) via α, Ttr, and the absorbance cross sections (σ). The experiments for Ar dilution probed mixtures of 2% NO/Ar, 1% NO/Ar, and 0.4% NO/Ar for initial post-reflected-shock conditions from 2200–8700 K and 0.12–0.97 atm. Further analysis of the absorbance, temperature, and number density time-histories yielded two vibrational relaxation times (τVTNO−Ar and τVTNO−NO) and four rate coefficients for multiple NO decomposition reactions (kdNO−Ar, kdNO−NO, kfN2O, and kzNO−O)—each of which is extended to higher temperatures than any previous study and with reduced scatter and uncertainty. Generally, these rate data are consistent with data from the literature, although τVTNO−Ar and τVTNO−NO are observed to differ strongly from both the Millikan and White correlation and Park two-temperature model.
Experimental study on the collapse of tail cavity induced by underwater ventilation
Authors: Yang Qian , Wang Cong , Wei Yingjie , Wang Yulin , Zhang Dehua , Hu Xinyu
Published: October 2022

Tail cavities are common in gas-propelled underwater cold emission and jet-propelled underwater vehicles. They can also provide a stable working environment for solid rocket motors. In this study, a 2-mm-diameter ventilation hole was provided at the vehicle's rear for a ventilation-induced cavity. Then, the effect of different initial ventilation flows (Q) and Froude numbers (Fr) on cavity collapse after the air supply was stopped was studied. Three different tail cavity closure types are observed: the intact cavity (IC), partially broken cavity (PBC), and pulsating foam cavity (PFC). The IC changes from a twin vortex tube closure to a reentrant jet closure, eventually collapsing entirely. The cavity collapse time decreases with increasing Fr and increases with increasing Q. The dimensionless cavity length (L/D) has an exponential relationship with time when Fr is small and becomes linear with time when Fr is large. The cavity collapse velocity increases with increasing Fr, while Q has little effect. For PBC collapses, the cavity first transforms into an IC and then collapses as an IC. L/D first increases to a local maximum and then decreases. The effect of the reflux gas on the cavity length is critical. During PFC collapses, the cavity first transforms into a PBC, then into an IC, and finally collapses as an IC. L/D first increases to a local maximum and then decreases exponentially.
Atomistic structure search using local surrogate model
Authors: Rønne Nikolaj , Christiansen Mads-Peter V. , Slavensky Andreas Møller , Tang Zeyuan , Brix Florian , Pedersen Mikkel Elkjær , Bisbo Malthe Kjær , Hammer Bjørk
Published: October 2022

We describe a local surrogate model for use in conjunction with global structure search methods. The model follows the Gaussian approximation potential formalism and is based on the smooth overlap of atomic positions descriptor with sparsification in terms of a reduced number of local environments using mini-batch k-means. The model is implemented in the Atomistic Global Optimization X framework and used as a partial replacement of the local relaxations in basin hopping structure search. The approach is shown to be robust for a wide range of atomistic systems, including molecules, nanoparticles, surface supported clusters, and surface thin films. The benefits in a structure search context of a local surrogate model are demonstrated. This includes the ability to benefit from transfer learning from smaller systems as well as the possibility to perform concurrent multi-stoichiometry searches.
Simulations of heat transport in single-molecule junctions: Investigations of the thermal diode effect
Authors: Wang Jonathan J. , Gong Jie , McGaughey Alan J. H. , Segal Dvira
Published: October 2022

With the objective of understanding microscopic principles governing thermal energy flow in nanojunctions, we study phononic heat transport through metal-molecule-metal junctions using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Considering a single-molecule gold-alkanedithiol-gold junction, we first focus on aspects of method development and compare two techniques for calculating thermal conductance: (i) The Reverse Nonequilibrium MD (RNEMD) method, where heat is inputted and extracted at a constant rate from opposite metals. In this case, the thermal conductance is calculated from the nonequilibrium temperature profile that is created at the junction. (ii) The Approach-to-Equilibrium MD (AEMD) method, with the thermal conductance of the junction obtained from the equilibration dynamics of the metals. In both methods, simulations of alkane chains of a growing size display an approximate length-independence of the thermal conductance, with calculated values matching computational and experimental studies. The RNEMD and AEMD methods offer different insights, and we discuss their benefits and shortcomings. Assessing the potential application of molecular junctions as thermal diodes, alkane junctions are made spatially asymmetric by modifying their contact regions with the bulk, either by using distinct endgroups or by replacing one of the Au contacts with Ag. Anharmonicity is built into the system within the molecular force-field. We find that, while the temperature profile strongly varies (compared with the gold-alkanedithiol-gold junctions) due to these structural modifications, the thermal diode effect is inconsequential in these systems—unless one goes to very large thermal biases. This finding suggests that one should seek molecules with considerable internal anharmonic effects for developing nonlinear thermal devices.
Tribological performances of CuSn10Bi3 alloy containing MoSi2 and ferrophosphorus under starved lubrication
Authors: Yang Dongya , Li Jiajun , Zhao Gengrui , Wang Honggang , Li Zhenyu , Chen Shengsheng , Gao Gui , Zhang Guowei , Xu Hong
Published: October 2022

The effects of molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) and ferrophosphorus (FemPn) particles on the tribological properties of copper-tin bismuth (CuSn10Bi3) bimetallic bearing materials were studied in this paper. The samples of CuSn10Bi3 containing MoSi2 and/or FemPn were prepared by powder sintering technology and the metallographic structure of four kinds of self-lubricating copper alloy composite materials after sintering was observed. The tribological properties of the copper alloy composites under starved lubrication conditions were investigated and its worn surfaces and wear debris were discussed and analysed. The results show that the addition of MoSi2 and/or FemPn particles can effectively refine the grain size, optimise the grain boundary morphology, and improve the mechanical properties of the alloys. Under extreme working conditions, the hard particles reinforced copper-based alloy samples have better wear resistance and anti-seizure resistance.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
WNT signaling in the tumor microenvironment promotes immunosuppression in murine pancreatic cancer
Authors: Du Wenting , Menjivar Rosa E. , Donahue Katelyn L. , Kadiyala Padma , Velez-Delgado Ashley , Brown Kristee L. , Watkoske Hannah R. , He Xi , Carpenter Eileen S. , Angeles Christina V. , Zhang Yaqing , Pasca di Magliano Marina
Published: October 2022

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is associated with activation of WNT signaling. Whether this signaling pathway regulates the tumor microenvironment has remained unexplored. Through single-cell RNA sequencing of human pancreatic cancer, we discovered that tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells express TCF7, encoding for the transcription factor TCF1. We conditionally inactivated Tcf7 in CD4 expressing T cells in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer and observed changes in the tumor immune microenvironment, including more CD8+ T cells and fewer regulatory T cells, but also compensatory upregulation of PD-L1. We then used a clinically available inhibitor of Porcupine, a key component of WNT signaling, and observed similar reprogramming of the immune response. WNT signaling inhibition has limited therapeutic window due to toxicity, and PD-L1 blockade has been ineffective in PDA. Here, we show that combination targeting reduces pancreatic cancer growth in an experimental model and might benefit the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Evolution of Topological End States in the One-Dimensional Kondo-Heisenberg Model with Site Modulation
Authors: Xie Neng , Hu Danqing , Chen Shu , Yang Yi-feng
Published: October 2022

We investigate interplay of topological and Kondo effects in a one-dimensional Kondo–Heisenberg model with nontrivial conduction band using the density matrix renormalization group method. By analyzing the density profile, the local hybridization, and the spin/charge gap, we find that the Kondo effect can be destructed at edges of the chain by the topological end state below a finite critical Kondo coupling

J
K
c

. We construct a phase diagram characterizing the transition of the end states.
Thermally-driven large current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistance in ultrathin flakes of vanadium diselenide
Authors: Firouzeh Seyedamin , Rahman Md Wazedur , Pramanik Sandipan
Published: October 2022

Current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistance (CPP MR) in layered heterojunctions is at the heart of modern magnetic field sensing and data storage technologies. van der waals heterostructures and two-dimensional (2D) magnets opened a new playground for exploring this effect, although most 2D magnets exhibit large CPP MR only at very low temperatures due to their very low Curie temperatures. vanadium diselenide (VSe2) is a promising material since its monolayers can potentially act as room temperature ferromagnets. VSe2 multilayers have been predicted to exhibit CPP MR effects, although experimental work in this area remains scarce. In this work we investigate CPP MR in 1T-VSe2 ultrathin flakes, revealing a large (∼60%–70%), positive, linear, and non saturating CPP MR, which persists close to room temperature (∼250 K), in a relatively small magnetic field range of ±12 kG. The CPP MR has been found to increase with decreasing flake thickness. The CPP MR originates due to the intrinsic inhomogeneity in the CPP transport path, and exhibits unprecedented immunity against thermal fluctuations, leading to increasingly enhanced MR as temperature is increased, even significantly beyond the charge density wave transition temperature. The observed ‘thermally-driven’ MR features are remarkably robust and reproducible, and can offer a viable route for developing practical room temperature 2D based magnetic sensor technologies. Our results also suggest that harnessing similar effects in other 2D systems could result in large MR as well, thereby motivating further research on CPP transport in these systems, which has been relatively unexplored so far.
A novel performance trend prediction approach using ENBLS with GWO
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Zhang Panpan , Zhang Ruichao , Yao Rui , Deng Wu
Published: October 2022

Bearings are a core component of rotating machinery, and directly affect its reliability and operational efficiency. Effective evaluation of a bearing’s operational state is key to ensuring the safe operation of the equipment. In this paper, a novel prediction method of bearing performance trends based on the elastic net broad learning system (ENBLS) and the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is proposed. The proposed method combines the advantages of the ENBLS and GWO algorithms to achieve better prediction results. In order to solve the problem that traditional regression prediction algorithms may lead to unsatisfactory prediction results and long training time, we propose a performance trend prediction method based on ENBLS. To further improve the prediction accuracy, we utilize the GWO algorithm to optimize various parameters present in the model to improve the performance of the model. The bearing data of the whole life cycle from the 2012 IEEE PHM challenge are selected to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method has high prediction accuracy and stability.
Accurate determination of the elastic moduli of optimized cantilever beams by efficient time-averaged ESPI system
Authors: Ma Yinhang , Quan Chenggen , Yang Boshuo , Liu Liu , Lu Guangchen , He Xiaoyuan , Yang Fujun
Published: October 2022

Elastic moduli, including Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, etc, are key parameters that are used to characterize the ability of a solid material to resist various types of deformation. The moduli can be extracted from the natural frequencies of a cantilever beam. In this paper, the relationships between moduli and natural frequencies, for the first time, are quantified by the finite element method. The optimized three-dimensional proportion of the cantilever beam is selected to be implemented simple error compensation. Experimentally, to precisely obtain the natural frequencies of the cantilever beam, an efficient time-averaged electronic speckle pattern interferometry(ESPI) system has been developed. The efficiency and precision are reflected in the following aspects: firstly, according to the slender character of the cantilever beam, a large shear optical path arrangement is designed to facilitate isolation from environmental interference; secondly, a resonance search method, based on the moiré effect is employed to recognize the natural frequencies accurately and efficiently; thirdly, a novel dynamic phase-shifting method is proposed based on the arrangement of the large shear optical path for clearer visualization of the mode shape of the cantilever beam. The proposed methods are verified by three kinds of common materials. The results suggest that Young’s modulus and shear modulus derived from natural frequencies are higher than the known value, and the error compensation can significantly reduce the calculation error. Furthermore, the experiments carried out on the woven carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminates illustrate the potential of the proposed methods in the evaluation of elastic moduli of composites. Given that the exciter attached to the specimen surfaces can be replaced with some special counterparts, the proposed ESPI system has considerable potential to test the objects loaded in some extreme environments, e.g. at high temperatures or underwater, where contact detection methods are difficult to be implemented.
Position estimation and calibration for high precision human positioning and tracking using millimeter-wave radar
Authors: Xu Zhimeng , Wu Zhenbin , Li Dan , Chen Liangqin , Zhang Shanshan , Chen Zhizhang (David)
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a context-based human target detection and position estimation algorithm, as well as a position calibration algorithm based on radar irradiation angle are proposed to improve the positioning accuracy, which is limited by the sparse and easily submerged characteristics of the point cloud generated by millimeter-wave radar, which leads to difficulty in achieving high-precision positioning. Furthermore, an indoor target positioning and tracking system is built using 77 GHz millimeter-wave radar to verify the proposed algorithms. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms can improve the positioning accuracy both in single-person and multi-person positioning scenarios, with median positioning errors 8.7 cm (36.7% decrease) and 12.95 cm (average) respectively. Therefore, the proposed sensing method is considered as a very promising technique for designing a high precision human trajectory tracking and positioning radar system.
CdO-supported ZrO2 heterojunctions: facile synthesis and rapid visible-light oxidation of atrazine herbicide with superb recyclability
Authors: Basaleh A S , Shawky Ahmed , Mahmoud M H H
Published: October 2022

The advancement in ceramic oxide-based photocatalysis has got much attention recently for environmental issues. Atrazine (AZ) is one of the major used herbicides in agricultural and related industries. This work familiarizes a polymeric-assisted sol-gel preparation of high surface area zirconium oxide (ZrO2) supported with cadmium oxide nanoparticles at minor content (0.5−2.0 wt%). Exploration of the synthesized heterostructures revealed the enhancement of visible-light absorbance and reduction of bandgap energy to 2.76 eV keeping the same crystalline form and high surface area of 170 m2 g‒1. The prepared photocatalysts were used to degrade AZ in water at a concentration of 231.8 μM (50 ppm). The 1.5%-introduced CdO to ZrO2 revealed the best-performed photocatalyst for complete oxidation of AZ within 40 at an optimized dose of 1.6 g l–1. This novel ceramic photocatalyst showed a chemical and structural ability to keep 98.5% of its initial efficiency after five regenerated cycles. The construction of p–n heterojunction between the p-type ZrO2 and the n-type CdO contributed to the comprehensive photocatalytic competence toward the efficient charge separation and photooxidation process.
Active shape model registration of ocular structures in computed tomography images
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Ota Mitsuki , Han Runze , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H , Liu T Y Alvin , Jones Craig K
Published: October 2022

Purpose. The goal of this work is to create an active shape model segmentation method based on the statistical shape model of five regions of the globe on computed tomography (CT) scans and to use the method to categorize normal globe from globe injury. Methods. A set of 78 normal globes imaged with CT scans were manually segmented (vitreous cavity, lens, sclera, anterior chamber, and cornea) by two graders. A statistical shape model was created from the regions. An active shape model was trained using the manual segmentations and the statistical shape model and was assessed using leave-one-out cross validations. The active shape model was then applied to a set of globes with open globe injures, and the segmentations were compared to those of normal globes, in terms of the standard deviations away from normal. Results. The active shape model (ASM) segmentation compared well to ground truth, based on Dice similarity coefficient score in a leave-one-out experiment: 90.2% ± 2.1% for the cornea, 92.5% ± 3.5% for the sclera, 87.4% ± 3.7% for the vitreous cavity, 83.5% ± 2.3% for the anterior chamber, and 91.2% ± 2.4% for the lens. A preliminary set of CT scans of patients with open globe injury were segmented using the ASM and the shape of each region was quantified. The sclera and vitreous cavity were statistically different in shape from the normal. The Zone 1 and Zone 2 globes were statistically different than normal from the cornea and anterior chamber. Both results are consistent with the definition of the zonal injuries in OGI. Conclusion. The ASM results were found to be reproducible and accurately correlated with manual segmentations. The quantitative metrics derived from ASM of globes with OGI are consistent with existing medical knowledge in terms of structural deformation.
Development of a more accurate Geant4 quantum molecular dynamics model for hadron therapy
Authors: Sato Yoshi-hide , Sakata Dousatsu , Bolst David , Simpson Edward C , Guatelli Susanna , Haga Akihiro
Published: October 2022

Objective. Although in heavy-ion therapy, the quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) model is one of the most fundamental physics models providing an accurate daughter-ion production yield in the final state, there are still non-negligible differences with the experimental results. The aim of this study is to improve fragment production in water phantoms by developing a more accurate QMD model in Geant4. Approach. A QMD model was developed by implementing modern Skyrme interaction parameter sets, as well as by incorporating with an ad hoc α-cluster model in the initial nuclear state. Two adjusting parameters were selected that can significantly affect the fragment productions in the QMD model: the radius to discriminate a cluster to which nucleons belong after the nucleus–nucleus reaction, denoted by R, and the squared standard deviation of the Gaussian packet, denoted by L. Squared Mahalanobis’s distance of fragment yields and angular distributions with 1, 2, and the higher atomic number for the produced fragments were employed as objective functions, and multi-objective optimization (MOO), which make it possible to compare quantitatively the simulated production yields with the reference experimental data, was performed. Main results. The MOO analysis showed that the QMD model with modern Skyrme parameters coupled with the proposed α-cluster model, denoted as SkM*
α, can drastically improve light fragments yields in water. In addition, the proposed model reproduced the kinetic energy distribution of the fragments accurately. The optimized L in SkM*
α was confirmed to be realistic by the charge radii analysis in the ground state formation. Significance. The proposed framework using MOO was demonstrated to be very useful in judging the superiority of the proposed nuclear model. The optimized QMD model is expected to improve the accuracy of heavy-ion therapy dosimetry.
Divertor plasma detachment: roles of plasma momentum, energy, and particle balances
Authors: Krasheninnikov S I , Kukushkin A S , Pshenov A A
Published: October 2022

Contrary to statements from some recent papers, the bifurcation of the scrape-off layer and divertor plasma parameters, as described within a 1D model, does exist. The analysis of both numerical simulations and experimental data shows that the real physical reasons that can cause a strong reduction of the plasma particle flux to the targetjdare impurity radiation loss and volumetric plasma recombination. Fitting the parameter describing the ‘plasma momentum removal’, based on the results of 2D numerical simulations, then using this fit in subsequent analytic expressions forjd, and finally interpreting the evolution ofjdas the result of elastic plasma-neutral interactions break the causality principle and lead to a wrong physical picture of divertor plasma detachment.
Kinetic plasma dynamics in a radial model of a Hall thruster with a curved magnetic field
Authors: Marín-Cebrián Alberto , Domínguez-Vázquez Adrián , Fajardo Pablo , Ahedo Eduardo
Published: October 2022

A 1D particle-in-cell model of a Hall thruster discharge is used to analyze the effect of a curved magnetic topology in the radial plasma response and the plasma fluxes to dielectric walls. The kinetic solution shows a significant replenishment of the velocity distribution function tail and temperature isotropization for both negative (i.e. anode pointing) and positive curvatures. The new radial magnetic force is electron confining or expanding for, respectively, negative and positive curvatures, and this modifies significantly the electric and pressure radial forces. As a consequence, the plasma density near the wall and the degree of radial ion defocusing are affected: they are highly reduced for negative curvatures, the case of higher interest. For positive curvatures, the kinetic solution shows that the radial ion flow becomes supersonic within the plasma bulk, away from the Debye sheaths. An ancillary quasineutral fluid model is presented to explain this feature and other aspects of the kinetic solution. Some kinetic studies on additional phenomena complete the work.
Sensitivity of the negative ion beam extraction to initial plasma parameters by 3D particle modelling
Authors: Lindqvist Max , Wünderlich Dirk , Mimo Alessandro , Mochalskyy Serhiy , Revel Adrien , Nocentini Riccardo , Minea Tiberiu , Fantz Ursel
Published: October 2022

The ITER neutral beam injection system for heating and current drive requires Negative Ions (NI) produced in large ceasiated ion sources. Self-consistent 3D Particle-In-Cell Monte-Carlo Collision (PIC-MCC) modelling is necessary for simulating extraction of NI and the co-extraction of electrons in ITER-like ion sources. In the RF driven negative ion sources at the ELISE and BUG test facilities, the filter field is generated by a current drawn through the Plasma Grid (PG). The 3D PIC-MCC code ONIX has been used to study the role of electron temperature, plasma density and emission rate on the extracted currents, as well as the negative ion transport close to an extraction aperture of the PG in ELISE. The results are compared to a case with higher electron density, lower electron temperature and higher emission rate, corresponding to the typical working point of a filter field configuration generated by permanent magnets. It is shown that the current of co-extracted electrons is strongly influenced by the electron temperature and plasma density. Increasing T
e from 1 eV to 2 eV and decreasing the plasma density lead to an increase of co-extracted electrons by a factor 4 due to the increased electron flux towards the aperture and a deeper penetration of the extraction potential into the plasma. With reduced plasma density, the fraction of NI extracted directly after production on the PG increases. An additional parameter variation was conducted to study the effect of the emission rate of NI on the extracted currents. A reduced emission rate of NI from the PG from 550 Am−2 to 200 Am−2 reduces the extracted negative ion current by

∼
40

Am−2 due to a reduction of the number of directly extracted NI.
‘Classical’ coherent state generated by curved surface
Authors: Ding Weifeng , Wang Zhaoying
Published: October 2022

Analogous coherent states are deduced from classical optical fields on curved surface in this paper. The Gaussian laser beam, as a fundamental mode, cannot be adequately simulated by coherent states due to their inherent diffraction in flat space. But it differs when propagating on a surface with the uniform curvature, the constant Gaussian curvature surface (CGCS). By generalizing the method of Feynman path integral, an equivalent coherent states solution is demonstrated to describe the beam propagation. The temporal evolution of the Schrödinger equation is analogously translated into a spatial transmission in this derivation, and we obtain the expression of quantized momentum transmitted on curved surface, which is proportional to the square root of the Gaussian curvature K. In addition to that, a physical picture of beam propagation that is identical to the squeezed state is also built. We hope this research can offer a new view on the quantum field in curved space.
Linear pulse propagation with high-order dispersion
Authors: Runge Antoine F J , Long Qiang Y , Alexander Tristram J , de Sterke C Martijn
Published: October 2022

We present an approximate, but intuitively appealing theoretical study of the linear propagation of optical pulses in media with high-order dispersion. Our analysis, which is fully consistent with numerical simulations, is based on the pulses’ full-width at half maximum and shows that the effect of high-order dispersion differs significantly from that of the well-understood second order dispersion. For high dispersion orders m, the central part of the pulses, where the intensity is highest, evolve in the same way, independent of m, though at different rates, with a weak dependence on the initial pulse shape. We also find that all pulses, irrespective of initial pulse shape, eventually evolve to a sinc function. Our treatment allows us to find expressions for the characteristic dispersion lengths for high dispersion orders.
Near-field interference map due to a dipolar emission near the edge of a monocrystalline gold platelet
Authors: Abbasirad N , Barreda A , Arslan D , Steinert M , Chen Y-J , Huang J-S , Staude I , Setzpfandt F , Pertsch T
Published: October 2022

Point source excitation and point detection in the near-field provides new perspective to study the near-field optical phenomena of plasmonic nanostructures. Using the automated dual-tip scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM), we have measured the optical near-field response of a dipolar emission near the edge of a monocrystalline gold platelet. The image dipole method was used to analytically calculate the interference pattern due to surface plasmon polaritons excited at the position of aperture tip and those reflected from edges of the gold platelet. The near-field enhancement was observed on the edges of the gold platelet. Our results verify that automated dual-tip SNOM is an intriguing technique for quantum plasmonic studies where deterministic coupling of quantum emitters and the detection of the near-field enhancement are of great interest.
On-line water quality inspection system: the role of the wireless sensory network
Authors: Okpara Enyioma C , Sehularo Boikanyo E , Wojuola Olanrewaju B
Published: October 2022

There is an increasing dependence on freshwater sources for various human activities because of population growth and rising industrialization across the globe. Meanwhile, the safety of available freshwater is threatened by the massive generation of waste from increasing domestic and industrial activities. The need for continuous assessment of the quality of the environmental water available has become a crucial research concern. The conventional techniques commonly used are not sufficient to meet the expanding demand for real-time, rapid, low-cost, reliable, and sensitive water quality monitoring (WQM). The use of wireless sensor networks (WSN) has been proposed by various researchers as a sustainable substitute for the traditional processes of monitoring water quality. In this work, an array of the literature on the practical applications of the networks in the assessment of vital water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorine content, etc., were surveyed and analyzed. Various technologies such as machine learning, blockchain, internet of things (IoT), deep reconstruction model, etc., were incorporated with WSN for real-time monitoring of water quality, data acquisition, and reporting for a broad range of water bodies. The survey shows that the networks are comparatively affordable and allow remote, real-time, and sensitive measurement of these parameters with minimal human involvement. The use of a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) was also introduced to solve a major problem of power supply often associated with the use of WSN. Recent developments also showed the capacity of WSN to assess simultaneously multiple water quality parameters from several locations using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). However, the networks rely on established parameters to indicate a compromise in water quality, but in most cases, fail to identify which pollutant species are responsible.