bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symmetrical and complementary escalation: Understanding the dynamics of the Ukraine war
Authors: Kuchler Barbara
Published: January 2024

The paper argues that the initial phase of the Ukraine war involved not only one but two escalatory processes, one following the pattern of symmetrical escalation and the other the pattern of complementary escalation. Symmetrical escalation is “conventional” conflict escalation, which was obviously occurring between Russia and Ukraine. However, drawing on a concept that was originally developed in the context of couple and family therapy, the paper argues that a second escalatory process developed between Russia and Western powers that followed the pattern of complementary escalation. In a complementary escalation, two participants take polarized positions on a spectrum of behavioral options and increasingly radicalize and rigidify in these positions, in a self-reinforcing interactional spiral, as when, e. g., one partner becomes increasingly accusatory and the other increasingly conciliatory, or one becomes increasingly responsible and the other increasingly irresponsible. The interactions between Russia and the West in the early months of 2022 can be described as involving such an escalatory or polarizing spiral, with Russia taking the position of “resort to war and reliance on brute force” and the West taking the position of “defense of international law and ban of war as a means of politics”. While both sides had leaned towards these positions before, they had done so only in the sense of partial and situationally flexible preferences, not in the sense of absolute and rigorously defended principles, and what turned them into staunch and uncomprisiming defenders of these principles was their mutual interaction and polarization. The paper presents a model that captures this dynamic, it discusses the problematic or even tragic role of international law in this process, and it underpins this with general system-theoretical considerations on the role of formalization and legitimation in social systems.
Kants Theorie des demokratischen Friedens und der Krieg in der Ukraine
Authors: Haller Max
Published: January 2024

In dem Aufsatz wird dargelegt, dass Kants Theorie des demokratischen Friedens den Krieg in der Ukraine sehr gut erklärt. Dies gilt insbesondere für ihre Thesen, dass Kriege vor allem von Eliten und Herrschern ausgelöst werden, dass eine demokratische Verfassung die Kriegsneigung reduziert und dass ein Mangel an Publizität im Sinne einer öffentlichen Bekundung der eigenen Interessen ein Kennzeichen einer moralisch fragwürdigen Politik ist. Aus letzterer Sicht ist auch das Verhalten des Westens kritisch zu sehen: es wurde die NATO nach Osteuropa ausgeweitet, Russland verbal herabgewürdigt und innerhalb der Ukraine das Russische marginalisiert. Der Krieg hat jedoch seinen Charakter von dem eines Freiheitskampfes zu dem der Rückeroberung von Grenzterritorien und zu einem Stellvertreterkrieg geändert. Aus Kants These, dass die Stiftung von Frieden ein eigenständiger Prozess ist, wird gefolgert, dass angesichts des militärischen Patts Waffenstillstandsverhandlungen das Gebot der Stunde sind.
Causeries scriptologiques posthumes avec Anthonij Dees : un rapide survol
Authors: Goebl Hans
Published: January 2024

This article examines two Old French corpora related to the Domaine d’Oïl (Northern France) from a dialectometric and scriptometric perspective, which go back to the Romance scholar Anthonij Dees (1928–2001). These are, on the one hand, his atlas of charters published in 1980 (digiDees 1980) and, on the other hand, an electronic corpus created in Salzburg as recently as 2006 (digiDees 1983). This is based on geolocalisation computations of Old French texts (from the 12th and 13th centuries), which, carried out by Dees in 1983, were only rediscovered by chance in Amsterdam in 2006 and subsequently transferred to Salzburg. In addition to these two medieval datasets, dialect data from the French linguistic atlas ALF (“Atlas linguistique de la France”, 1902–1910) are also analysed, which spatially align with the two medieval datasets. The dialectometric and scriptometric analyses carried out on these three electronic corpora aim primarily to compare the spatial depth structures found in them. For this purpose, the following dialectometric map types were examined: similarity maps, parameter maps and isoglottic syntheses. When comparing them, an astonishing similarity of the spatial profiles visible on them emerges. It should be noted, however, that a time span of 600 years lies between the Old French data analysed by Dees and those of the ALF. The spatial similarity of the depth structures found in them is therefore all the more striking.
Un esempio di mappatura dell’italiano antico: la carta «‑GN‑» del progetto MIRA
Authors: Cristelli Stefano , Wild Mario
Published: January 2024

This paper intends to present the first results of the project Mappatura dell’Italo-Romanzo Antico (MIRA) funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) for the period 2022–2026. The project’s main goal is the mapping of the linguistic situation of Italy before the year 1400. We illustrate one type of linguistic map, the one concerned with single linguistic features (such as the reflexes of Latin vowels, consonants, consonant clusters, etc.), using the outcomes of Latin ‑gn‑. We show how the geographic distribution of the various reflexes can be displayed graphically and how the data from our principal source, the Atlante Grammaticale della Lingua Italiana delle Origini (AGLIO) can be integrated with the scrutiny of other texts and with secondary bibliography. Furthermore, we discuss critical points regarding the balance of our corpus – in a diachronic, diatopic and diastratic/diaphasic perspective – and the expediency of different solutions for the visualization of our findings.
Games and the Rise of Systems Thinking
Authors: Pizelo Samuel
Published: January 2024

This article examines the historical development of systems thinking to demonstrate the manifold applications of games in modeling new understandings of systems. Chess and go were deliberately reconfigured by competitors, theorists, and tournament organizers over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries into systematic totalities. This transformation profoundly influenced subsequent concepts of formal and symbolic systems developed in twentieth-century mathematics, AI research, cognitive science, and economics.
Otvorenost, ali pod koju cijenu – stavovi i praksa hrvatskih autora
Authors: Macan Bojan , Škorić Lea , Petrak Jelka
Published: January 2024

Objavljivanje u otvorenom pristupu (OA, od engl. open access) danas je prevladavajući oblik komunikacije znanstvenih rezultata. Prema rezultatima ranijih istraživanja udio OA u ukupnom broju međunarodno vidljivih radova hrvatskih autora iznosi 74 %. Početkom 2023. godine provedena je anketa među korisnicima liste znanstvenici.hr da bi se ispitali stavovi i praksa hrvatskih autora u svezi s OA. Anketa je imala cilj sagledati razinu podrške objavljivanju u OA, prepoznavanje pozitivnih i negativnih aspekata, motivaciju za objavljivanje u OA, izvore financiranja te razloge sklonosti određenim OA izdavačima. Prikupljeno je 763 potpuno ispunjenih upitnika. Analiza rezultata pokazala je da 75 % ispitanika podržava objavljivanje u OA te prepoznaje prednosti koje to donosi znanstvenom istraživanju i obrazovnom procesu. Više od 80 % ispitanika slaže se da OA doprinosi bržoj distribuciji novih spoznaja te da radovi objavljeni u OA imaju veće čitateljstvo i vidljivost. S druge strane, gotovo trećina ispitanika smatra da OA povećava komercijalizaciju znanstvenog izdavaštva te da rastući broj objava smanjuje kvalitetu recenzentskog postupka. Kad je u pitanju odabir časopisa za objavljivanje, većini ispitanika kojima znanstveni časopisi predstavljaju najvažniji kanal komunikacije važniji su ugled časopisa i odjek u znanstvenoj zajednici nego otvoren pristup. Praksa OA časopisa koji objavljuju isključivo uz naplatu troškova objave izaziva najviše razilaženja u stavovima. Ispitanici s pozitivnim stavom objavljuju u takvim OA časopisima, poglavito zbog brzine recenziranja i objave. S druge strane, oni s negativnim stavom smatraju da je izdavačima OA časopisa koji naplaćuju objavu važnija zarada od kvalitete objavljenih članaka, navode da nemaju sredstva za plaćanje troškova objave ili ih ne žele plaćati jer se protive preprekama koje se postavljaju objavljivanju znanstvenih rezultata.
Effectiveness and safety of AROMAFORCE® junior cough syrup in pediatric patients with acute upper respiratory conditions
Authors: Pacheco Eva , Crespo Cynthia , Mascret Alexandra , Fernández Amparo , Álvarez Cristina , Freixenet Nuria , Valls Carme , Zhiri Abdesselam
Published: January 2024

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Aromaforce® Junior Cough Syrup (AJCS) in treating acute upper respiratory tract infection-related coughs in children, and it served as a post-marketing clinical follow-up. Methods: Prospective, multicenter, open-label, controlled clinical investigation conducted under normal conditions of use to evaluate the antitussive effectiveness of a mucilage-based syrup in pediatric patients (aged 2 to 12 years) as compared to increased hydration measures (control group), with a 1-week follow-up. Likert severity scores were used to evaluate coughs and related symptom severity. Results: The results demonstrate that AJCS effectively reduces cough severity, including daytime and night-time cough, and the number of times the child was woken up, particularly within the first three days, surpassing the effectiveness of hydration measures. The results of the degree of satisfaction with AJCS show that the majority of physicians and parents had positive feedback. Furthermore, the safety analysis confirms the syrup's non-toxic nature in children. However, the initial differences in baseline characteristics between the study and control groups, with the study group exhibiting higher combined cough scores, limit the strength of the evidence. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of AJCS in the treatment of cough associated with acute upper respiratory tract infections in children. Further randomized studies may provide further evidence of the efficacy and safety of AJCS.
Postpartum haemorrhage: a review from evidence
Authors: kubuka Amos E , Humbuyu Julius Mashishanga , Mkangala Gift J
Published: January 2024

Postpartum hemorrhage although highly preventable, it is the leading cause of maternal mortality in both resource abundant counties and resource limited countries, despite the presence of known risk factors every woman has a chance of developing postpartum hemorrhage during delivery, but identification of high-risk women and active management of third stage of labor has been shown to have positive effects in reducing mortality from postpartum hemorrhage.
Characterization of hemolysins in type O blood donors, blood bank. General public health hospital
Authors: Yolbeida Salcedo , Elsa Vargas
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study is to analyze the characterization of hemolysins in type O blood donors who come to the Blood Bank of the Barquisimeto General Hospital, Lara State. The research methodology is a quantitative approach, descriptive type of field design, non-experimental cross-sectional type, the population was 210 samples between men and women for the total number of blood donors received and the sample 98 group O sera, carried out the data collection and the results reflect that 29% are male and 35.71% female, 83.67% Rh positive and 16.33% Rh negative and the predominant age is 41.84% from 18 to 29. years, 10.20% there is presence of hemolysin and 89.80 there are no hemolysins, the characteristics of the sample with hemolysins present were 50% male and 50% female, 90% Rh positive and 10% Rh negative and the age that predominates. It is 60% from 18 to 29 years old and is concluded regarding the epidemiological characteristics of O blood donors; a high percentage are male, Rh positive and the predominant age is 18 to 29 years, in a low percentage there is the presence of hemolysins and the characteristics of O blood donors with hemolysins present, half are male and half female, a high percentage They are Rh positive and the predominant age is 18 to 29 years.
Violence against infertile women: comparative study in Upper verses Lower Egypt
Authors: Hassan Hanan Elzeblawy , Nasr Elsayda Hamdy , Mohamed Samar Shaban Abdelazim , Gooda Walaa Khalaf
Published: January 2024

Background: Infertility is a common gynecological problem that is associated with social stigma, social neglect, economic deprivation, emotional stress, unhappiness and marital instability. Violence against women is a global major health and human right concerns as this affects millions of women all over the world across ethnicity, culture, socioeconomic and educational classes. Infertile women have been deemed particularly vulnerable to domestic abuse in several studies. Aim: highlight and compare the prevalence and trends of domestic violence among infertile women receiving treatment for infertility in Upper verses Lower Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study on 200 infertile women. The study was carried out at Beni-Suef University's Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Delayed Reproduction and Gynecological Outpatient Clinic Beni-Suef University Hospital and gynecological outpatient clinic, Port Said University Hospital. Results: Women either upper Egyptian or lower Egyptian infertile women experienced and exposed all forms of domestic violence. The Upper & Lower studied Egyptian women experienced physical violence in about 70.0% & 68.0% and verbal violence in about 69.0% & 62.0% and financial violence in about 48.0% &46.0% and violence in about sexual violence in about 45.0% & 28.0%, since not been able to have a baby successfully and in the past years. Relationships between physical and verbal aggression that are statistically significant include age, different types of infertility, the gender of children (p<0.05). Conclusion: However, is no statistically significant deference between geographical area (upper or lower) and types of violence experienced by infertile women, all form of violence were more prevalent among upper Egyptian infertile women. Recommendations: (1) It is recommended that additional research be done with a larger sample from other provinces of Upper Egypt with regard to infertility and its psychological effects. (2) The relationship between violence and reproductive results requires more study, as do effective psychosocial interventions. Research on emotions and coping mechanisms within the context of treatment is particularly important.
Cost of Pediatric Pneumonia Episodes With or Without Chest Radiography
Authors: Geanacopoulos Alexandra T. , Neuman Mark I. , Michelson Kenneth A.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Despite its routine use, it is unclear whether chest radiograph (CXR) is a cost-effective strategy in the workup of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the pediatric emergency department (ED). We sought to assess the costs of CAP episodes with and without CXR among children discharged from the ED.

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study within the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State ED and Inpatient Databases of children aged 3 months to 18 years with CAP discharged from any EDs in 8 states from 2014 to 2019. We evaluated total 28-day costs after ED discharge, including the index visit and subsequent care. Mixed-effects linear regression models adjusted for patient-level variables and illness severity were performed to evaluate the association between CXR and costs.

RESULTS

We evaluated 225c781 children with CAP, and 86.2% had CXR at the index ED visit. Median costs of the 28-day episodes, index ED visits, and subsequent visits were $314 (interquartile range [IQR] 208–497), $288 (IQR 195–433), and $255 (IQR 133–637), respectively. There was a $33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 22–44) savings over 28-days per patient for those who received a CXR compared with no CXR after adjusting for patient-level variables and illness severity. Costs during subsequent visits ($26 savings, 95% CI 16–36) accounted for the majority of the savings as compared with the index ED visit ($6, 95% CI 3–10).

CONCLUSIONS

Performance of CXR for CAP diagnosis is associated with lower costs when considering the downstream provision of care among patients who require subsequent health care after initial ED discharge.
La ortografía a debate: panorámica de las preocupaciones ortográficas en las columnas sobre la lengua (CSL) desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad
Authors: Terrón-Vinagre Natalia
Published: January 2024

El objetivo de este estudio es ofrecer una visión panorámica de los fenómenos de carácter fonético-ortográfico que aparecen en las columnas sobre la lengua (CSL) en la prensa nacional española desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad. Para ello, se han analizado los artículos que versan sobre ortografía de Miguel de Unamuno, Mariano de Cavia, Fernando Araujo, Eustaquio Echauri, Ramón Carnicer, Emilio Lorenzo, Francisco Ríos y Luis Cortés. La amplia cronología permitirá determinar cuáles son las preocupaciones sobre este aspecto de la lengua y si estas han ido variando en el tiempo. Desde una perspectiva ideológica, se pretende averiguar la posición que han tomado los autores de dichos artículos ante la norma y las obras que han empleado como autoridad en sus escritos para establecer juicios normativos. Este estudio arrojará luz sobre los posibles cambios de actitud hacia la ortografía y la norma a lo largo del tiempo.
El discurso sobre mujer y lenguaje en las columnas sobre la lengua de la prensa española: de la feminización del lenguaje al lenguaje inclusivo de género
Authors: Guerrero-Salazar Susana
Published: January 2024

Las columnas sobre la lengua (CSL) son textos publicados periódicamente en la prensa a través de los cuales se transmite un conocimiento experto sobre el idioma. En este trabajo nos centramos concretamente en las columnas publicadas en prensa española que tratan algún aspecto sobre mujer y lenguaje (CSLM). Los objetivos son establecer las distintas etapas de la feminización del lenguaje a través del columnismo lingüístico, determinar qué columnistas escriben CSLM en cada etapa y qué temas tratan de modo recurrente en cada una de ellas. Para ello, seguimos el marco teórico de la Lingüística Pragmática, con enfoques y presupuestos propios del Análisis del Discurso. El corpus consta de 338 CSLM de 22 columnistas. El análisis nos ha permitido distinguir tres etapas: 1. Desde finales del siglo XIX a finales de los años setenta. 2. Desde finales de los setenta hasta el final del siglo XX. 3. El siglo XXI.
Tkanina unikatowa o tematyce sakralnej w Państwowym Liceum Sztuk Plastycznych w Lublinie.
Authors: Kierczuk-Macieszko Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

Punkt wyjścia dla artykułu stanowią tkaniny unikatowe eksponujące szeroko rozumiany pierwiastek duchowy w sztuce. Wszystkie zostały wykonane jako prace dyplomowe kończące proces edukacji na specjalizacji „tkanina artystyczna” w Państwowym Liceum Sztuk Plastycznych im. C.K. Norwida w Lublinie. Celem tekstu nie jest zebranie ich w formie katalogu, lecz w oparciu o jedenaście wybranych przykładów, wskazanie artystycznych ścieżek, którymi podążają młodzi ludzie, odkrywając różnorodne sposoby obrazowania duchowości. Już pobieżny przegląd materiału badawczego ujawnia mnogość rozwiązań, pośród których zarysowują się dwie dominujące strategie. Pierwsza polega na czerpaniu z chrześcijańskiej ikonosfery, z konkretnych dzieł, ze sztuki zrealizowanej w określonych latach i w typowej dla nich stylistyce. Druga szuka alternatywnego języka wypowiedzi plastycznej, niekiedy bliższego abstrakcji niż mimetycznym przedstawieniom. Obie nie stronią od eksperymentów materiałowych i technologicznych. Obok tkanin rozumianych jako wyroby włókiennicze, uzyskane w procesie tkania rozmaitymi technikami, sytuują się więc realizacje bliższe miękkiej rzeźbie, instalacji.

            Druga część artykułu przynosi rozważania o przeszłym znaczeniu tkanin dekoracyjnych w aranżacji wnętrza kościołów i ich roli w liturgii Kościoła zachodniego. W kontekście do nich podjęta została próba wskazania przyczyn współczesnej eliminacji tej dziedziny artystycznej z sakralnego wnętrza i deprecjacji tej dyscypliny sztuki, której status obecnie bliższy jest rzemiosłu niż tak zwanym sztukom czystym. Tymczasem, jeszcze w latach 70. XX wieku, Kościół w Polsce był jednym z mecenasów tkaniny artystycznej, tak w formie zakupów i zleceń, jak również poprzez organizowanie dużych wystaw prezentujących sztukę tkaniny. Całość zamykają refleksje, czy możliwa jest zmiana na tym polu, ponieważ tkanina unikatowa ma olbrzymi potencjał ideowy, jest nośnikiem znaczeń nie gorszym niż inne dyscypliny sztuki.
EN Optimization strategy for system management of cold thermal energy storage (CTES) in conditions of dynamic changes in energy carrier value
Authors: Грищенко Р.В. , Форсюк А.В. , Іващенко Н.В. , Кривошеєв М.О. , Пилипенко О.Ю.
Published: January 2024

In world of contemporary challenges involving the continual increase in demand for energy resources and corresponding environmental pollution, the necessity has arisen to develop and implement advanced technologies to reduce energy consumption. This calls for enhancing energy utilization efficiency and optimizing energy generation systems, taking into account the utilization of alternative and renewable energy sources. Specifically, thermal energy storage becomes crucial as an effective economic option. Thermal energy storage systems enable meeting heating or cooling needs during optimal periods when it is more energy-efficient. Traditional management methods rarely prove optimal due to fluctuating electricity tariffs, cooling loads, and ambient temperature. This leads to suboptimal achievement of maximum savings in the utilization of thermal energy storage systems. In this work, the advantages of Cold Thermal Energy Storage (CTES) systems based on Ice Thermal Energy Storage (ITES) were analysed alongside existing management strategies implemented in most enterprises and buildings utilizing ITES. A simplified engineering methodology for analysing the thermodynamic efficiency of CTES was proposed. It was determined that cold losses during exergy analysis during storage are caused by both losses through surfaces and internal exergy losses (i.e., exergy consumption due to irreversibility within the reservoir). For modern systems, exergy losses encompass both external and internal components. As an example, if the heat transfer at the external surface temperature of the storage reservoir equals the ambient temperature, external exergy losses would be zero, while total exergy losses would be entirely due to internal consumption. Conversely, if heat transfer occurs at the liquid's temperature for storage, a greater portion of exergy losses will be due to external losses. In all cases, the cumulative exergy losses, comprising internal and external exergy losses, remain constant. The implementation of CTES allows for shifting the use of electrical energy from peak to off-peak hours. During off-peak hours, electrical energy is used to charge the storage to fulfil (fully or partially) the peak demand for refrigeration equipment. Ice-based ITES has the potential to reduce maximum energy consumption, peak demand, and most importantly, the average cost of energy consumed
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF THE TREATMENT OF DIAPHYSEAL GUNSHOT FRACTURES OF LONG BONES OF EXTREMITIES
Authors: Korzh Mykola , Popsuishapka Olexii , Lytvyshko Valerii , Shevchenko Igor , Doluda Yaroslav , Gubskyi Stanislav , Hrytsenko Anastasiia , Mikhanovskiy Dmytro , Marushchak Olexii , Tokhtamyshev Mykola , Arutunan Zorik
Published: January 2024

Due to the military conflict in Ukraine, the problem of treating gunshot fractures has become acute, which requires an urgent solution. Objective. On the basis of own experience, to determine the primary problems in the treatment of gunshot diaphyseal fractures of the long bones of the limbs and evaluate the preliminary results. Methods. The treatment process and its results were analyzed in 128 victims with gunshot fractures of long limb bones for the period 08.2022–08.2023. Classical methods of clinical, X-ray and laboratory investigations were used. The assessment was carried out according to the AO classification, that was supplemented with new options for tangent and perforated bone injuries, as well as the volume of destruction of adjacent soft tissues. Wounds of all the patinets were treated using vacuum aspiration, the fragments were fixed with external devices manufactured by Biomet, Stryker, ТОВ «Ейч Ві Орто», ОРТОПАК. Results. The analysis showed that 64 (50 %) of the wounded had a need to take additional measures to preserve or improve the position of the fragments: improvement of the geometry of the external apparatus, replacement of the apparatus with a more perfected one, with a plate or intramedular osteosynthesis; replacement of the apparatus with a plaster bandage or orthosis. Conclusions. Based on the study, it can be argued, that most gunshot diaphyseal fractures of long bones are multifragmental and accompanied with destruction of predominantly peripherally located soft tissues. At the same time, the periosteum with a layer of adjacent muscles for the most part retains integrity, viability and connection with the surface of the fragments. The basic and rational method of fixation of fragments for diaphysical gunshot fractures it is necessary to consider external osteosynthesis with schanz-screws devices. According to our preliminary data, the use of external fixator treatment led to fracture healing in 84% of patients with gunshot hip fracture, 56 % — tibia fracture, 59 % — humerus fracture, and 44 % — forearm fractures.
EPIDEMIOLOGICALRISK FACTORS OF RECURRENCE OF LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC HERNIATION AFTER PRIMARY DISCECTOMY (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: Radchenko Volodymyr , Piontkovskyi Valentyn , Kolesnichenko Vira , Golbaum Maksym , Chernyshov Olexandr , Palkin Oleksandr
Published: January 2024

Primary discectomy for a lumbar intervertebral disc herniated (LDH) is usually accompanied by a rapid regression of clinical symptoms, however, in 5–15 % of cases, an X-ray positive recurrence of the hernia with corresponding orthopedic disorders is registered, which leads to repeated surgical intervention. Objective. Determination of risk factors for recurrence of LDH and their frequency under the conditions of various methods of primary discectomy based on a scientific analysis of the relevant literature. Methods. The material of the research is articles containing the definition of risk factors for the recurrence of a LDH after primary discectomy, for the period 2013–2023 in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline databases using medical subject headings and keywords «recurrent lumbar disc herniation, surgical interventions, percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy, microdiscectomy, laminectomy, discectomy, spondylodesis». The research method is a systematic review of relevant literature sources. Results. Early and long-term results of primary discectomy for intervertebral disc herniation using decompression (open discectomy, microendoscopic discectomy, percutaneous discectomy, laminectomy, minidiscectomy, endoscopic discectomy) and decompression-stabilization (discectomy combined with spondylodesis) techniques are traced in the literature. The most successful were: 1 year after the operation — endoscopic discectomy (12.4 % of reoperations) and spondylodesis (11.8 %); 10 years after the operation — laminectomy (14 %) and spondylodesis (10 %). The highest rates of revision discectomy: 1 year after the operation — laminectomy (18.6 %); 10 years after surgery — open discectomy and endoscopic discectomy — 16 % each. Conclusions. Recurrent intervertebral disc herniation is an early complication of primary discectomy, the frequency of which varies depending on the surgical technique and the timing of the postoperative period. The most reliable risk factors are male gender, age younger than 50 years, diabetes mellitus, and smoking.
PUNCTURE LASER MICRODISCECTOMY IN THE TREATMENT OF SEQUESTERED HERNIATION OF LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS
Authors: Zorin Mykola
Published: January 2024

Objective. to improve the results of treatment of sequestered herniation of lumbar intervertebral discs by the puncture laser microdiscectomy (PLM) method. Methods. During the period from 2000 to 2023, 132 patients with sequestered lumbar disc herniations were operated on by the PLM method. There were 88 males and 34 females. The age of the patients was from 23 to 64 (42.3 ± 3.5) years. Surgeries were performed using a C-arc operating fluoroscope. The laser pulse duration — 0.3–0.5 sec, and radiation exposure — 500–600 J. Approach to the sequestrum was mainly posteromedian transdural. For laterally located sequestra, posterolateral approach was used. The efficacy of PLM was assessed by pain intensity reduction according to the VAS scale one month after surgery, and according to the McNab scale 3 months after surgery. Results. One month after PLM, the maximum reduction of radicular pain intensity was noted in patients with posteromedian hernias, to a lesser extent — with paramedian hernias, and the least pronounced — with lateral hernias. However, no statistically significant differences in pain intensity one month after surgery depending on hernia location were found (p > 0.05). As for the intensity of lumbar pain, in all groups, regardless of hernia location, it significantly decreased and did not exceed 1 point after one month. 3 months after surgery, 95 (71.9 %) patients had an excellent result according to the McNab scale, 13 (9.8 %) — good, 7 (5.3 %) — satisfactory, 17 (12.8 %) — unsatisfactory, indicating that the PLM method of sequestered hernias can be quite effective in a certain selection of patients. According to our  data, positive results can reach 81.8 % (95 % CI 74.2–87.9 %) (CI — confidence interval). Conclusions Sequestered hernias, which can be operated by the PLM method, should not exceed 9 mm in height on axial sections, should have a smooth rounded lenticular shape without signs of migration. The positive effect of PLM of sequestered hernias reached 81.7 %. The results were better with PLM of posteromedian hernias.
CHANGES IN INDICATORS OF THE COAGULATION SYSTEM AND MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF LARGE JOINTS IN THE CASE OF TOTAL ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Filipenko Volodymyr , Bondarenko Stanislav , Leontyeva Frieda , Tuliakov Vladyslav , Vysotskyi Oleksandr
Published: January 2024

Predicting the risk of developing thrombotic complications is an extremely important task when planning total arthroplasty of large joints (TAJ). Objective. Based on the retrospective analysis of the results of the biochemical examination of patients with degenerative diseases of large joints before and after TAJ, determine the changes in the markers of the hemostasis system and inflammatory processes, which are the most informative for the preoperative prediction of the development of hypercoagulable conditions. Methods. In the blood serum of 39 patients with degenerative diseases of the hip and knee joints of III–IV stages according to Kellgren–Lawrence before and after TAJ, the following were investigated: prothrombin time, international normalized ratio (INR); the content of fibrinogen, soluble fibrin-monomeric complexes (SFMC), D-dimer, antithrombin III, glycoproteins (GP), sialic acids, C-reactive protein (SRP), seroglycoides, haptoglobin; activated partial thrombin time (APTT), fibrinolytic activity (FA). The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy donors. The results. Before TAJ, the serum content of GP patients was 28.80 % higher than the control indicators; haptoglobin — by 20.00; CRP — 82.88; SFMC — 33.60; fibrinogen — 60.32; D-dimer — 41.04 %. The INR was reduced by 25.40 %, the content of antithrombin III — by 21.90 %, FA slowed down by 63.00 %. After TAJ, the content of total HP in the blood serum ofpatients exceeded the indicator of the control group by 55.80 %, sialic acids by 35.60 %; seroglycoides — 55.26; haptoglobin — 61.42; CRP — 151.33 %. An additional reduction of 10.58 %, prothrombin time, APTT — by 15.40 %, antithrombin III activity — 19.10 %, increase in fibrinogen content — 34.90 % was observed; D-dimer — 25.10; SFMC — 36.18; prolongation of FA time — by 29.30 %. Conclusions. To prevent the development of thrombophilic conditions after TES, it is necessary to monitor the most informative markers: increase in FA time, content of fibrinogen, D-dimer, SFMC and haptoglobin.
BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF BLOOD SERUM AND ARTICULAR CARTILAGE IN DIFFERENT FORMS OF IDIOPATHIC COXARTHROSIS PROGRESSION
Authors: Magomedov Sadrudin , Kalashnikov Oleksiy , Polishchuk Larisa , Kuzub Taisiya , Zayets Volodymyr
Published: January 2024

Deformation due to arthrosis of the hip joint affects 40 % of the total number of patients with osteoarthritis, which is from 7 to 25 % of the adult population. For the activity of the pathological process evaluation we studied biochemical changes in the metabolism of collagen, namely: glycosaminoglycans (GAG), hydroxyproline (HP) fractions, collagenase, hyaluronidase activity, etc. Objective. To determine the biochemical changes in blood serum and articular cartilage depending on the form of progression of idiopathic coxarthrosis. Methods. 23 patients were examined (8 (34.8 %) men, 15 (65.2 %) women, age 45‒75 years and more) with idiopathic arthrosis of the hip joint IV stage (Kellgren–Lawrence). Progression forms of idiopathic coxarthrosis were distinguished: group I — rapid (the period from the initial to the final stage of the disease was 5 years and less), II — moderate (5‒10 years), III — slow (over 10 years). Collagenase activity, HP fractions, total GAG content were determined in patients’ blood serum, and collagen content was determined in the cartilage tissue of the femoral head. Results. Compared with the age reference norm in the blood serum of patients of group I activity collagenase increased to 114 %, in II and III — 122 and 135 %, respectively; the content of the free fraction of GP — up to 111, 169, 128 %, respectively; GAG concentrations — up to 110, 122, and 135 %, respectively; protein-bound HP was reduced to 60% in group II, up to 84 % — in group III. In cartilage tissue, the GAG content decreased in group III to 63 %, II — 55 %, I — 47 %; collagen — 32, 25, 24 % in accordance. Conclusions. The course of idiopathic coxarthrosis is determined by metabolic changes in the components of the organic basis of connective and cartilaginous tissues in blood serum. The most profound changes were found in the synthetic phase of HP metabolism, especially in the group with a rapid course disease. A decrease in the content of organic components of connective tissue (GAG and collagen) was determined
Preparing the child for hearing research
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: January 2024

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Myopia
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: January 2024

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The Suitability of the Three-way Catalyst for Hydrogen Fuelled Engines
Authors: Yavuz M. , Brinklow G. , Cova Bonillo A. , Herreros J. M. , Wu D. , Doustdar O. , Zeraati-Rezaei S. , Tsolakis A. , Millington P. , Alcove Clave S.
Published: January 2024

This experimental study investigates the palladium/rhodium based three-way catalyst (TWC) in a hydrogen-gasoline dual-fuel spark ignition (SI) engine under stoichiometric and lean conditions. The work focused on lean-burn engine operating conditions with the aim of reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions during the combustion process, where the TWC is not effective, while improving the thermal efficiency of the engine. Under these lean-burn engine conditions, the combustion promoting properties of hydrogen allowed for maintained engine combustion stability as determined by the cycle-to-cycle variation (COVimep) values even up to ultra lean conditions (λ= 2.0). It was found that by reducing the combustion temperature through the application of lean conditions, engine-out NOx emissions could be reduced or even eliminated, while under these conditions the TWC was effective in reducing engine-out carbon-based gaseous emissions.
Cold Alkali-Extractable Antioxidative Polysaccharide from Russula pseudocyanoxantha (Agaricomycetes), a Novel Mushroom, Stimulates Immune Responses in RAW264.7 Cells by Regulating the TLR/NF-κB Pathway
Authors: Khatua Somanjana , Acharya Krishnendu
Published: January 2024

In our previous study, we have established Russula pseudocyanoxantha as a unique species, playing a crucial role in indigenous diets through ages. The research also brought attention to bioactive potential of polysaccharide fraction extracted from the unexplored food using hot water. However, residue of the conventional process still contains therapeutic biopolymers that could further be utilized for pharmacological purposes instead of being discarded. Therefore, the current study aims to valorize the solid remnants, contributing to a deeper understanding of the novel taxon. Subsequently, the leftover was treated with cold alkali, leading to the preparation of a high-yield fraction (RP-CAP). Chemical characterization through FT-IR, GC-MS, HPTLC, and spectroscopy demonstrated presence of several monomers in the carbohydrate backbone, predominantly composed of β-glucan. Furthermore, GPC chromatogram indicated presence of a homogeneous polymer with molecular weight of ~ 129.28 kDa. Subsequently, potent antioxidant activity was noted in terms of radical scavenging (O2·-, OH·, DPPH· and ABTS·+), chelating ability, reducing power and total antioxidant activity where EC50 values ranged from 472-3600 μg/mL. Strong immune-boosting effect was also evident, as the biopolymers stimulated murine macrophage cell proliferation, phagocytic activity, pseudopod formation, and NO as well as ROS synthesis particularly at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. In-depth analysis through RT-PCR revealed that the fraction stimulated synthesis of several inflammatory mediators, elucidating the mode of action through TLR/ NF-κB pathway. Therefore, the findings collectively suggest that RP-CAP possesses great potential to serve as a healthimproving component in functional food and pharmaceutical sectors.
Enhancement of shear flocculation of a galena suspension by ultrasonic treatment
Authors: Esmeli K. , Ozkan A.
Published: January 2024

The enhancement of shear flocculation of a galena suspension by ultrasound in the presence of sodium isopropyl xanthate and potassium ethyl xanthate was investigated by studying the effects of surfactant concentration on flocculation efficiency, contact angle, and zeta potential. Strong flocculation was obtained under alkaline conditions (pH > 9) and a high ultrasound power level (150 W). Although the ultrasonic treatment increased the negativity of the zeta potential of the galena particles, this did not decrease the flocculation efficiency, thereby showing that the hydrophobic interactions between the particle were stronger than the electrical double-layer repulsion resulting from xanthate adsorption. The findings indicate that the ultrasonic treatment promoted the adsorption of surfactants onto the mineral surfaces.
The use of seawater in copper hydrometallurgical processing in Chile: A review
Authors: Astudillo Á. , Garcia M. , Quezada V. , Valásquez L.
Published: January 2024

Seawater has become a viable alternative for different uses in copper hydrometallurgy. In this paper we review the main physical and chemical characteristics of seawater and how these influence copper production. Reliable data on the use of continental water are reported, and the current use and consumption of seawater in the Chilean mining industry is analysed, indicating the main areas of use and the main problems encountered. Additionally, the influence of the elements in seawaterthat have the most influence on the extractive metallurgy of copper are considered. The Chilean copper mining industry currently consumes approximately 4.1 m3/s of seawater, which corresponds to 25% of the total water used. The use of seawater for the leaching of copper sulphide minerals, such as chalcopyrite, is beneficial because it provides 20 g/L of chloride, thereby improving copper dissolution kinetics.
Análise de elementos potencialmente tóxicos em águas e sedimentos do rio Sorocaba subsequente a sua recuperação ambiental
Authors: Silva Caroline Ferreira da , Pereira Elisabete Alves , Carvalho Mayara de Almeida Ribeiro , Rosa Luana Maria Tavares , Botero Wander Gustavo , Oliveira Luciana Camargo de
Published: January 2024

A presença de elementos potencialmente tóxicos (EPTs) em ambientes aquáticos merece atenção, principalmente devido aos efeitos adversos que podem acarretar na qualidade das águas e, à saúde ecológica e humana. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo a análise e avaliação de EPTs em águas e sedimentos do rio Sorocaba em diferentes pontos amostrais distribuídos pela sua extensão urbana. As quantificações dos elementos foram realizadas por espectrometria de emissão atômica por plasma de microondas (MP-AES), após digestão ácida das amostras. Os EPTs Al, Fe e Mn estavam acima dos valores máximos permitidos (VMPs) por legislações brasileiras para águas e, As, Cu e Cr acima dos VMPs para sedimentos. Com base nos referidos resultados bem como na avaliação do uso do solo no entorno dos locais amostrados, é possível evidenciar que as elevadas concentrações de EPTs são, provavelmente, oriundas e/ou intensificadas por atividades antrópicas. Adicionalmente, o índice Fator de Enriquecimento (FE) aplicado, indicou enriquecimento antrópico moderado para As, Cr, Cu e Zn em três pontos da área de estudo, e muito elevado para Zn em um local. A presente investigação alerta quanto a parâmetros de atenção que devem ser investigados no ecossistema, uma vez que o rio Sorocaba já foi submetido a um programa de despoluição de suas águas.
Ölçeklendirme yönteminin ve sismik izolatör modelleme tekniğinin sismik izolatörlü bir yapının tepkisi üzerindeki etkisi
Authors: Öztürk Hakan , Özdemir Gökhan
Published: January 2024

Bu çalışmada zaman tanım alanında doğrusal olmayan (ZTADO) hesap yöntemi kullanılarak sismik izolasyonlu yapılarda yalıtım seviyesinde meydana gelen en büyük deplasman (MID), en büyük kuvvet (MIF) ve en büyük ivme (MA) değerleri dört farklı ölçeklendirme yöntemi dikkate alınarak incelenmiştir. Yalıtım birimi kurşun çekirdekli kauçuk izolatörler ile modellenmiş olup farklı yöntemler ile ölçeklendirilen deprem kayıtlarının her iki yatay bileşeni yalıtım birimine eş zamanlı olarak etki ettirilmiş ve çift doğrultulu analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yürütülen analizlerde kurşun çekirdekli kauçuk izolatörler, kurşun çekirdekte ısınma etkisi nedeniyle meydana gelen dayanım kaybının dikkate alındığı (sıcaklık etkisi dahil, TI) ve alınmadığı durumlar (sınır analizler, LB-UB) için iki farklı yaklaşımla modellenmiştir. Analizlerde yalıtım birimi dayanımını temsilen dört farklı Q/W oranı (0.75, 0.90, 0.105 ve 0.120) ile izolasyon periyodunu temsilen beş farklı Tiso (2.5s, 2.75s, 3.0s, 3.25s ve 3.5s) dikkate alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak ölçeklendirme yöntemindeki farklılaşma maksimum izolatör kuvvetleri üzerinde önemli bir değişiklik yaratmazken, maksimum izolatör deplasmanları ve maksimum ivme değerlerinde %25’e varan değişimlere sebep olabildiği görülmüştür. Bu farklılaşma, sismik izolatörün nasıl modellendiğinden ihmal edilecek seviyede etkilenmektedir.
Kompleks transfer matris yöntemi ile değişken kesitli bir rotorun titreşim karakteristiğinin analizi ve farklı yöntemlerin karşılaştırılması
Authors: Niş Hüseyin Tarık , Yıldız Ahmet
Published: January 2024

Günümüzde havacılık endüstrisinde sivil ve askeri olmak üzere birçok alanda gaz türbin motorları tercih edilmektedir. Gaz türbininin yüksek devirlerde çalışmasından ötürü birtakım titreşim problemleri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bunların en önemlileri merkezkaç kuvvetin sebep olduğu dengesizlik yükü, esnek kiriş yapısından dolayı şaftın aldığı modal şekiller ve kritik hız değerleridir. Bu problemleri tasarım sürecinde ve sonrasında çözebilmek için gaz türbinlerinde modal analiz oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, iki diskli değişken kesitli bir gaz türbini rotor-yatak sisteminin yataklardaki tepkilerin her iki eksende ölçebilmesi adına kompleks transfer matris metodu (CTMM) kullanılarak matematiksel modeli oluşturulmuş ve klasik metotlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. CTMM ile oluşturulan modelin çözümünü elde etmek için Newton Raphson metodu kullanılmıştır. Bulunan kritik hız değerleri sonlu elemanlar metoduyla karşılaştırılmış ve bulunan değerlerin analitik metotla maksimum %2,97 hata ile örtüştüğü görülmüştür. Bu analiz sonucu TMM metodunun sonlu elemanlar metoduna göre bu model için 4,75 kat daha hızlı çözümler sunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada CTMM’nin daha hızlı çözüm gerçekleştirmesi sayesinde diğer yöntemlere göre rotor tasarımında uygulanmasının daha avantajlı olacağı gösterilmiştir.
Pompa ve borulama sistemlerindeki debi ve enerji kayıplarının deneysel ve sayısal olarak incelenmesi
Authors: Koca Ali Osman , Atmaca Mustafa
Published: January 2024

Bu çalışmada, pompa hattı ile cazibeli akışlı hat bir kolektör sisteminde birleştirilerek büyük bir şehre su iletmektedir. Bu şekilde çalışan pompaların debi ve enerji kayıpları, deneysel ve sayısal olarak incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışmalarda pompalar çalıştırıldığı esnada pompa hattına yüksek basınçlı cazibeli bir akışın girmesine izin verilmiştir. Bu durumda pompaların debileri ve şebekeden çektikleri elektriksel güç kontrol edilmiştir. Daha sonra pompa hattına giren akış vana ile kesilerek pompalar tekrar çalıştırılmıştır. Her iki durumun sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Pompaların harcadığı elektrik enerjisi ve verimleri hesaplanmıştır. Farklı senaryolarda paralel bağlı olarak çalışan pompalar için en ekonomik çalışan pompa grupları listelenmiştir. Tüm senaryolar sonrasında enerji ve maliyet hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Boru içerisinde debi ve enerji kayıplarına sebep olan akışları görmek için HAD yöntemi ile sayısal analizler yapılmıştır. Deneysel çalışmalarda pompa hattının başka hatlarla birleştirilmesinin yüksek enerji kayıplarına neden olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Aynı debideki suyun %54,95 daha az maliyetle verilebileceği hesaplanmıştır. Daha fazla su vermek için daha fazla pompa çalıştırmak yerine analizler yardımıyla doğru pompaların çalıştırılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Sayısal analiz sonucunda boru içerisindeki akışın durumu net olarak görülmüştür.
NGGDPP Collection Metadata Submission Guide v1
Authors: not provided darthur
Published: January 2024

The Registry of Scientific Collections (ReSciColl) is a metadata catalog administered by the National Geological and Geophysical Data Preservation Program (NGGDPP), It includes essential metadata describing scientific collections, to promote discovery and encourage further exploration of similar items by identifying contacts, providing access instructions, and linking to online resources for additional information. This document describes the process by which collection metadata is to be submitted to ReSciColl, including metadata for items within a collection. It introduces mdEditor, an open-source, browser-based application for creating metadata records that is highly customizable and uses a graphical user interface developed by the Alaska Data Integration Working Group (ADIwg), a collaboration between the US Geological Survey and the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Many of the mdEditor screenshots used to illustrate this document are from the ADIwg mdEditor online tutorial and reference manual, available at https://guide.mdeditor.org/. This tutorial and reference manual are extremely valuable resources for navigating the tabs, screens, and sections of mdEditor, and the NGGDPP highly recommends ReSciColl users familiarize themselves with these resources.