bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of oxidized dextran on rat hepatocytes in toxic hepatosis of mixed etiology
Authors: Shkurupiy V. A. , Karpov M. A. , Klochin V. D.
Published: February 2022

The aim of research was to study the oxidized dextran protection effect against hepatic parenchyma defect at combinated acute and chronic toxicity of ethyl alcohol and tetrachloromethane solutions. Materials and methods. 150 male Wistar rats were injected by toxicants with intraperitoneal administration: 50 % CCl4 in olive oil solution and 5 % oxidized dextran (OD) aqueous solution with molecular weight 40 kDa and peroral 6.5 % ethyl alcohol aqueous solution. Tetrachloromethane was injected once a day, and then only ethyl alcohol aqueous solution was administrated 1 time per day during 3 days. The ethyl alcohol aqueous solution was not administered on the days of the of tetrachlomethane and OD injections. OD has been administered from the 1st day of the toxicants injection till 60 days. OD without toxicants has been injected for the next 30 days. Results and discussion. In animals that were injected only with toxicants, hepatocytes were in a state of vacuolar dystrophy, which occupied slightly more than 40 % of the organ parenchyma, and hepatocytes in a state of necrosis, which occupied from 37 to 28 % of the parenchyma at different periods of observation. The OD inclusion in the scheme for the prevention of necrotic complications reduced them from 3 to 4 times more than in animals that did not receive OD. The data obtained indicate the OD high hepatoprotective effectiveness.
Investigation of the antiviral activity of the recombinant human interferon lambda 1 in human conjunctiva cell culture
Authors: Kikhtenko N. A. , Ilyicheva T. N. , Durymanov A. G. , Fursova A. Zh. , Madonov P. G.
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of recombinant human interferon lambda 1 (IFN-λ1) against human adenovirus serotype 5 in a culture of human conjunctival cells Chang conjunctiva clone 1-5c-4. Material and methods. The study design consisted of three experimental schemes, reflecting a prophylactic and two options for a therapeutic and prophylactic treatment regimen (with the constant presence of the virus in the culture medium and with its removal after adsorption). The antiviral activity of IFN-λ1 was determined by the number of viable cells after exposure to the virus (MTT test). Results and discussion. It has been established that IFN-λ1 has antiviral activity against human adenovirus in vitro under a prophylactic and therapeutic-prophylactic scheme of administration at an infection dose of 1 and 10 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infectious dose), but not at an infection dose of 100 TCID50. The antiviral effect of the use of IFN-λ1 in a therapeutic and prophylactic regimen at an infection dose of 1 TCID50 was comparable to that of IFN-α. At the same time, both interferons did not have a toxic effect on the cell culture even at a concentration of 84 and 58 μg/ml, respectively. The antiviral activity and the absence of cytotoxic action provide the basis for further study of the possibility of development of based on IFN-λ1 drug for eye conjunctiva viral diseases treatment.
Rising of intracellular NAD+ level and oppositely directed changes in CD38 expression in hippocampal cells in experimental Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Semenova A. A. , Gorina Ya. V. , Khilazheva E. D. , Kharitonova E. V. , Salmina A. B.
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the level of NAD+in the brain of mice treated with beta-amyloid (Aβ), as well as to determine the activity of ADP-ribosyl cyclase/CD38 and the number of CD38-immunopositive neurons, astrocytes and endothelial cells.Material and methods.The Alzheimer’s disease model was reproduced by intrahippocampal administration of Aβ to C57BL/6 mice. Determination of the NAD+level in the extracellular fluid of the brain and in the hippocampal tissue was carried out by spectrophotometric analysis. Evaluation of the enzymatic activity of ADP-ribosyl cyclase / CD38 was carried out by the fluorimetric method, determination of the number of CD38-immunopositive cells by the immunohistochemistry method.Results and discussion.The level of NAD+was significantly increased in the hippocampal tissue in mice after administration of Aβ, while the level of extracellular NAD+did not change. The activity of ADP-ribosyl cyclase / CD38 in the hippocampal tissue did not change, but the number of CD38-immunopositive neurons decreased, and the number of CD38+endothelial cells increased in the hippocampus of mice after administration of Aβ.Conclusion.Opposite changes in the expression of ADP-ribosyl cyclase / CD38 in neurons and endotheliocytes correspond to different metabolic states of these types of cells and, along with an increased intracellular pool of NAD+in experimental Alzheimer’s disease, reflect an adaptive stress response to Aβ administration.
Effect of Cu-, Zn-containing complex based on a porous matrix on fibroblast proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis and nitric oxide production
Authors: Lykov A. P. , Rachkovskaya L. N. , Poveshchenko O. V. , Rachkovsky E. E. , Letyagin A. Yu.
Published: February 2022

A comparative study of the effect of a matrix based on porous aluminum oxide and a silicon organic polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (А12O3@PDMS) and a matrix complex with copper and zinc sorbed on its surface (Cu@Zn- А12O3@PDMS) on the functional properties of fibroblasts has been carried out.Material and methods.The effect of the Cu@Zn- А12O3@PDMS complex and the matrix on the cell proliferative potential (MTT test), apoptosis, necrosis and the production of stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites were studied in an in vitro experiment with a human embryo fibroblast cell line (HEF-15).Results.The compared samples of Cu@Zn-A12O3@PDMS and Al2O3@PDMS are similar in their physico-chemical properties. Study of HEF-15 functional potential indicates a higher level of cell proliferation and ability to produce NO after contact with the complex. There was no significant increase in apoptosis and necrosis of HEF-15 in the presence of samples of the complex and the carrier.Conclusion.The absence of a significant negative effect of the tested samples on the functional status of cells of the FEH-15 line (proliferation, apoptosis, necrosis, NO secretion) in vitro allows the use of the Cu@Zn-A12O3@PDMS complex for further analysis of its safety in experimental models of skin defects in animals.
Modern management of acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Darvin V. V. , Ilkanich A. Ya. , Ryzhikov M. G. , Oganian A. V. , Satinov A. V.
Published: February 2022

Acute, non-varicose bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract remains a common clinical problem. Bleeding episodes are associated with high mortality and a significant economic burden on the health care system. Despite the continuing improvement in endoscopic treatment, recurrent bleeding and associated mortality are still a pressing issue. In addition to the well-established modalities of endoscopic hemostasis: injection, thermal, mechanical, used both as mono therapy and as part of a combination therapy, the review discusses the use of novel types of endoscopic devices. The results of the use of over-the-scope clips, coagrasper, hemostatic sprays, endoscopic angiography, radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy and endoscopic suturing device are described. The technical aspects of their application, the issues of efficacy and safety, the advantages and limitations of methods for achieving final endoscopic hemostasis are considered. The methods of initial assessment and treatment strategies for recurrent bleeding and unsuccessful endoscopic hemostasis were also analyzed. Material and methods. Literature search was carried out using the following electronic information resources: CyberLeninka, PubMed, Nature Pathology, MEDLINE, PLoS ONE. Results. Сombined endoscopic hemostasis is a standard therapy in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract cerebral infections with an efficiency of 95-98 %, new modalities of endoscopic hemostasis are able, in some cases, to achieve final endoscopic hemostasis both in primary endoscopic treatment and in recurrent bleeding.
The main directions and prospects in polycystic ovary syndrome treatment
Authors: Useinova A. N. , Egorova E. A. , Yelisheva E. A. , Beitullaev А. М. , Koryanova K. N.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the actual gynecological problem of women of reproductive age-polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and the possibilities of its pharmacotherapy. Difficulties in choosing the treatment of the disease are the need to take into account all clinical manifestations, not limited to menstrual disorders and infertility. PCOS is usually accompanied by hirsutism, obesity, decreased glucose tolerance, and other manifestations in various organ systems associated with metabolic disorders. These manifestations significantly reduce the quality of life of patients and also require pharmacological correction. Currently, the first line of drugs in the treatment of PCOS remains combined oral contraceptives, which have been used by women for decades, but, unfortunately, have multiple adverse reactions. The latter is the reason for the search for other methods of pharmacotherapy that are highly effective and safe. Metformin is one these glucose-lowering drugs, which shows effectiveness in the treatment of PCOS. Drugs from such groups as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists are at the research stage, and the development of treatment tactics using glucose-lowering drugs that have antagonism to glucagon is continuing. Expanding the choice of pharmacotherapy, thanks to the search for new, more effective and safe drugs and combining it with other treatment methods, makes it possible to control PCOS taking into account the individual characteristics of patients.
Anabolic activity of leuzea and cranberry meal plant extracts composition
Authors: Khalikova D. A. , Ankov S. V. , Meshkova J. V. , Tolstikova T. G.
Published: February 2022

Еhe anabolic properties of a new composition of leuzea and cranberry meal extracts in a ratio of 7:50, containing ecdisten and ursolic acid, respectively, have been investigates on a model of isolated overload of the skeletal muscle of the rats leg by the method of excision. Material and methods. The experiment was conducted on Wistar stock rats of both sexes weighing 220–250 g. At the beginning of the experiment, all animals underwent musculus gastrocnemius tenotomy (m.gastrocnemius), and then the composition has been intragastrically administered for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats were decapitated, blood was taken to determine biochemical parameters (creatine phosphokinase activity, glucose and lactate level) and muscles from both legs were separated to determine the difference between the mass of the musculus soleus (m. soleus) operated on and the mass m.soleus of a non-operated paw. Results and discussion. A dose-dependent anabolic effect was established for the composition of leuzea and cranberry meal extracts. A gender difference was found, which was confirmed by the obtained values of creatine phosphokinase activity and glucose/lactate ratio. Conclusions. The composition of leuzea and cranberry meal extracts exhibits a dose-dependent anabolic effect in males and increase physical endurance in female rats on the model of isolated overload of the skeletal muscle of the leg of rats with tenotomy operation.
Regional lymphatic stimulation and ozonized solutions in the prevention of complications after appendectomy with an atypical location of the appendix (pilot study)
Authors: Akhmatov S. A. , Musaev A. I. , Aliev M. Zh.
Published: February 2022

Acute appendicitis still predominates among surgical diseases. Despite the improvement in the technique of surgical intervention and treatment, the frequency of its complications ranges from 2 to 14%, which requires improvement of measures to prevent complications during operations and in the postoperative period. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of regional lymphatic stimulation and ozonized solutions in the prevention of complications after appendectomy with an atypical location of the appendix. Material and methods. The analysis included 45 patients with an atypical location of the appendix. Retrocecal was found in 25, retroperitoneal – in 12, and mesoceacal – in 8 patients. To assess the preventive measures used, 2 groups were identified. The comparison group consisted of 21 patients who received traditional treatment after surgery (to prevent complications antibiotics – ampicillin 1.0 g 4 times or gentamicin 80 mg 2 times a day for 4–5 days), pain relievers and infusion therapy. The main group included 24 patients who received regional lymphatic stimulation of the transitional fold of the peritoneum of the ileocecal region and the mesentery of the ileum, irrigation of the bed of the removed process and the surgical wound before suturing with ozonized sodium chloride solution with an ozone concentration of 8–10 μg/ml. In the diagnosis of appendicitis, clinical, laboratory (leukocyte count, leukocyte intoxication index) signs of the disease, and ultrasound were used. Results. In the comparison group, after surgery, suppuration appeared in 4 patients, wound infiltration was in 3 cases, early adhesive intestinal obstruction emerged once. Relaparatomy was performed with a favorable outcome. In the main group, one case of suppuration and infiltration of a postoperative wound was observed. By the time of discharge, all complications have been cured. There were no lethal outcomes. The hospital stay in the comparison group was 8.1 ± 0.37 bed-days, in the main group – 6.6 ± 0.12. Conclusions. The use of regional lymphatic stimulation can reduce the incidence of complications and shorten the length of hospital stay.
Dancing pen: The ultimate test of graphically matured skilled writer
Authors: Singh Mohinder , Prakash Jasuja Om
Published: February 2022

Unconscious and automatic rhythmic production of handwriting by graphically matured skilled writers through perfect synchronization of muscular body parts is an activity that resembles a pen dancing on paper, analogous to a dancer performing on stage. This analogy can lead to beginners in the profession better understanding the complex and intricate writing process.

There are several routine activities requiring various complex coordinations of mental, sensory, and motor factors by humans, such as walking, talking, writing, dressing, drawing, sewing, using a typewriter, playing a piano or violin, riding a bicycle, driving a car, handling a tool, a tennis racket, or a golf club, etc., which are performed habitually, unconsciously, and automatically once they are learnt and practiced. One of these activities is (hand)writing, which is a complex learned motor behavior generally developed in a person in three stages: formative, impressionable, and graphic maturity. The stage of “graphic maturity” is ﬁnally reached when the writing has fully developed, resulting in unique individual characteristics that become habitual in execution, most of which remain relatively constant throughout much of the writer’s active life. The complexities and intricacies of the writing process can be better understood by a beginner in the profession by comparing it with dancing, which is also a similar activity requiring perfect synchronization and coordination of all the body parts involved in the exercise.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young adults experiencing dual family life after high-conflict divorce
Authors: Pasteels Inge
Published: February 2022

Objective: This paper describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the family lives of young adults whose parents had been through a high-conflict divorce and the extent to which these 18-to-30-year-olds believed the COVID-19 measures accommodated for their family situation.

Background: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on family lives has been described in recent literature but no attention has been paid to young adults experiencing parental conflict due to a divorce transition impasse.

Method: Data from 24 in-depth interviews were collected in the Belgian province of Limburg using a semi-structured interview guide with open questions and analysed via Nvivo.

Results: Frequency of contact with parents decreased, contact with parents living abroad became nearly impossible. Different interpretations of and approaches to the rules led to frustration and quarrelling in families. The quality of the relationship with parents changed, often in a negative way. Respondents indicated that to their opinion due consideration had not been given to the situation of young adults with divorced parents.

Conclusion: In order to adequately develop COVID-19 rules that are tailored to a wide range of families, with attention to the most vulnerable ones, we recommend that policy makers define a family by using a “feeling family paradigm” rather than defining a family in terms of a household and that they include a multi-actor and multi-disciplinary perspective in the decision-making processes.
Family lives during the COVID-19 pandemic in European Societies: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Zartler Ulrike , Suwada Katarzyna , Kreyenfeld Michaela
Published: February 2022

Objective: This chapter introduces the reader to the Special Issue "Family Lives during the COVID-19 Pandemic in European Societies".

Background: This Special Issue analyses how families, parents, and children have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, and how they have been coping with its related challenges in different societal contexts.

Method: The studies collected in this Special Issue are based on qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods approaches and data that have been gathered during 2020 in a range of European countries. It covers the first lockdown period, the reopening phases, and the months thereafter.

Results: The 20 contributions of this Special Issue show that families shouldered large responsibilities during the pandemic. While the pandemic did not lead to radical shifts in gendered care patterns, mothers and fathers experienced the pandemic differently, with mothers reporting higher levels of stress. Moreover, there was great heterogeneity in how different types of families and children were affected by the pandemic. Single parents and parents and children in low-income households were most strongly affected in their social and economic wellbeing. Social and economic distress are strongly interwoven, and the developments during the pandemic aggravated existing social disparities. 

Conclusion: This Special Issue underlines the importance of the family for the functioning of societies during times of crisis. It also shows that policy makers often adopted a too narrow view of what constitutes a family and did not adequately address family diversity in their decision making. This Special Issue furthermore emphasized that there is a danger that the pandemic will increase disparities between families. Thus, parents and their children need adequate support measures that are tailored to their needs, and that are designed to alleviate these social, economic and educational disparities.
Renovação conservadora no Brasil: efeito perdurante da escravidão
Authors: Rocha de Souza Luzia Kassia
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste texto é contribuir com a compreensão dos aspectos determinantes para a situação política atual do Brasil.  Neste desvelo, fora elaborada a presente resenha, que pontua elementos cruciais para tal compreensão, contidos na obra A elite do atraso: da escravidão à lava jato de Jessé de Souza. Justifica-se pela necessidade ocorrente de debate e reflexão sobre o contexto político, econômico, social e cultural do país. Nesse sentido a obra analisada em questão, possibilita refletir sobre as condições de determinado período histórico em um quadro permeado por ampla influencia teórica, artística, religiosa e midiática.
A ortotanásia sob a ótica dos direitos humanos
Authors: Marques Heitor Romero , Gonçalves Amanda Lucio da Siva , Macena Luiz André de Carvalho
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo foi realizado mediante revisão bibliográfica, utilizando-se da tendência hipotético-dedutiva e do procedimento analítico-sintético, enquadrando-se na linha na função social do direito e interculturalidade, na subárea de direitos sociais e políticas públicas, tendo como objetivo principal o estudo da ortotanásia no ponto de vista dos Direitos Humanos e do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, analisando sua recepção, as possíveis implicações legais e se ela pode ser considerada um fim digno aos pacientes terminais. Essa discussão faz-se necessária, pois o paciente terminal merece ter sua autonomia, liberdade e dignidade respeitados no fim da vida. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa demonstrou que houve uma recepção da ortotanásia pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, contudo a carência de regulamentação apropriada proporciona insegurança e incerteza jurídica aos médicos acerca de sua prática. Verificou-se que a ortotanásia possui resguardo nos direitos humanos, ao respeitar a dignidade da pessoa humana em todos os seus traços. Ao final, foi possível concluir que, em razão de possibilitar que o enfermo tenha o poder de escolher como vai morrer, proporcionando qualidade de vida, cuidados paliativos e bem-estar, a ortotanásia pode ser considerada um fim digno.
Idosos em uso de terapia nutricional internados para reabilitação: perfil, avaliação da oferta calórica/proteica e desmame de dietas enterais
Authors: Alves Mata de Oliveira Rafael , Fourny Barão Yulle , Dias Soares Maruska , Zanoni Cônsolo Fernanda
Published: February 2022

Objetivou-se identificar o perfil nutricional de idosos em uso de Terapia Nutricional Enteral (TNE), por sondas ou ostomias, em reabilitação em uma Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados, e sua evolução ou não para o desmame. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e longitudinal, com amostra de 62 idosos, através de coleta de dados secundários em prontuários. Houve busca das seguintes informações: dieta (tempo de uso de TNE, valor energético e proteico); dados antropométricos (peso, altura, Índice de Massa Corporal [IMC], circunferência do braço); e diagnóstico nutricional na admissão e alta. Conclui-se a alta prevalência de desmame de TNE (81,3%); que a média da oferta do valor energético e proteico das dietas não estava adequada segundo as principais recomendações; e que os pacientes, em média, mantiveram o seu estado nutricional durante a internação.
A tutela jurisdicional dos crimes ambientais ocorridos na comarca de Rubiataba, Goiás, entre o período de 2012 a 2018
Authors: Sainça Aparecida Imaculada de Jesus , Américo-Pinheiro Juliana Heloisa Pinê , Tagliaferro Evandro Roberto , De Castro Cristina Veloso
Published: February 2022

Uma alteração no meio ambiente, produto de ação ou atividade antrópica, gera impactos ao ser humano e à natureza, passíveis de criminalização. Esta pesquisa visou descrever a aplicação da lei penal aos crimes ambientais em Rubiataba, Goiás, entre 2012 e 2018, identificar denúncias e consequentes ações penais ambientais no período e avaliar a eficácia da norma legal, da tutela jurisdicional dos crimes ambientais em relação à sustentabilidade. Serviu-se da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, realizada na Escrivania Criminal da Comarca de Rubiataba. Foram identificados 23 processos por crimes ambientais. Foram propostos, pelo Ministério Público, transação penal, suspensão condicional e requerimento para arquivamento de processos por ausência de justa causa para a propositura da Ação Penal e diligências à Delegacia de Polícia. Os resultados evidenciaram que o oferecimento da transação penal nos crimes ambientais envolve o direito de pagamento de pena pecuniária, destinada a entidades beneficentes não relacionadas à preservação ambiental.
O discurso de ódio e a liberdade de expressão: seu feito sobre a dignidade humana e apotencialização da violência
Authors: Bittencourt Santana Vanessa , Pereira Borges Pedro
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo traz uma análise sobre a manifestação do Discurso do Ódio instaurado na sociedade com exteriorização de ideias discriminatórias direcionadas a determinados grupos minoritários, considerando o discurso como um problema social pilar da violência e que afeta princípios como a liberdade de expressão e a dignidade humana. O objetivo foi demonstrar as diferenças entre o discurso de ódio e a liberdade de expressão, como o ódio afeta, direta e indiretamente, o aumento de violência e indicar maneiras que auxiliam o combate. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos, notícias e leis que versam sobre o tema. O resultado auferido é que a educação, os direitos e um maior zelo nas redes sociais e na mídia jornalística são capazes de diminuir o alcance do discurso de ódio, a fim de instaurar uma transformação social em consonância com os preceitos da Constituição Federal.
Adaptación peruana de la Lista de Verificación de Síntomas Pediátricos como instrumento de tamizaje de problemas conductuales y emocionales en niños, niñas y adolescentes.
Authors: Cortez-Vergara Carla P. , Caballero-Peralta July , Vega-Dienstmaier Johann M.
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Adaptación cultural para uso en la población peruana de la Lista de Verificación de Síntomas Pediátricos (Pediatric Symptoms Checklist, PSC-17), un cuestionario que asiste en la identificación de problemas emocionales y conductuales en individuos de 6 a 17 años. Método: Sobre la base de los textos originales del PSC-17 en inglés y español y de la versión chilena, un comité de cinco expertos llevó a cabo la adaptación de los 17 ítems para la versión de padres y cuidadores y para la de adolescentes. Resultados: Algunos ítems se conservaron idénticos a una de las dos versiones en español; otros se mantuvieron similares a la versión chilena y algunos tuvieron que modificarse ligeramente para ajustarse al idioma español de uso en Perú. Conclusiones: La versión peruana final del PSC-17 facilitaría la detección de problemas de salud mental en niños y adolescentes en nuestro país, aun cuando es necesario llevar a cabo posteriormente estudios sobre sus propiedades psicométricas.
First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Pattern
Authors: Heriqbaldi Ayurveda Zaynabila , Setiabudi Rebekah Juniati , Meliana Resti Yudhawati
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and usually attacks the lungs. Indonesia is in the third rank of TB cases in the world. An important concern regarding TB currently is the case of anti-TB drug resistance, hence research on resistance patterns and risk factors is essential. This study aimed to identify the pattern of first-line anti-TB drug resistance at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya.Methods: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya for the period of 2017-2019. The samples were obtained through total population sampling of 239 pulmonary TB patients with first-line anti-TB drug resistance which were registered at MDR-TB Polyclinic Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Only complete medical records were included. The variables were first-line anti-TB drug resistance (isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin) and patients’ characteristics (age, gender, treatment history, and comorbidities). The drug resistance test was performed using certified culture methods.Results: Among 239 patients, the incidences of resistance to H, R, E, and S were 79.08%, 94.14%, 25.94%, and 20.08%, respectively. The most common patterns were HR (42.26%), R (18.83%), and HRE (12.55%). The largest age group was 45-54 years old (38%). The dominant gender was male (56.49%). The most treatment history category was relapsed patients (48%) and there were more patients with comorbidity (57%).Conclusion: The highest incidence rate of resistance was rifampicin and the most common resistance pattern was HR. Most of the patients were of working age, male, relapse patients, and had comorbidities. An appropriate TB therapy treatment plays an important role in preventing resistance.
The Effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Pulmonary Function among Adults Patients of COVID-19 Survivors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hasanudin Hasanudin , Sukartini Tintin , Makhfudli Makhfudli , Rosyid Alfian Nur , Revita Natalia Christin Tiara , Aini Handira Nadhifatul
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Corona Virus Infection Disease (COVID-19) refers to the infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Most of COVID-19 survivors have residual symptoms after being discharged from the hospital, it then leads to the decreased lung function and quality of life (QoL). Pulmonary rehabilitation is essential because it can reduce the impact of these sequelae. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving lung function among adult patients of COVID-19 survivors.Methods: This study was conducted using 5 databases, namely: CINAHL, PubMed, SAGE, Science Direct, and Scopus from 1 April 2020 to 30 September 2021. The combination of keywords used was: "Pulmonary Rehabilitation", “Pulmonary Function", and "Post-COVID-19". In assessing the bias and methodological quality of the articles obtained, this study used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist tools.Results: From 678 articles, 11 research articles met the criteria. Pulmonary rehabilitation performed in post-COVID-19 patients included the provision of aerobic exercise, breathing exercises, strength training, balance exercises, relaxation, occupational therapy, psychological support, and nutrition consultation. Lung rehabilitation mainly was performed two sessions a week for 3-8 weeks with different proportions for each patient according to clinical conditions and  ability limits. Spirometry and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) revealed that patients who completed the pulmonary rehabilitation program experienced improvements in their lung function.Conclusion: Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs under supervision and psychotherapists are the right choice in improving lung function among COVID-19 survivor adult patients.
Pin Point Trachea: A Case Report
Authors: Candrawati Ni Wayan , Singgih Venny , Yasa Ketut Putu , Rai Ida Bagus Ngurah
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Pin point trachea is a rare case. It is caused by tuberculosis (TB) and trauma due to intubation procedure. Main complication of this abnormality is respiratory failure. It can be diagnosed through bronchoscopy. Managements of this abnormality are interventional bronchoscopy and treating the etiology. Surgery is considered if interventional bronchoscopy failed or cannot be performed.Case: A 29-year-old woman came to the emergency room complaining shortness of breath and hoarseness since two months before hospitalized. The patient also experienced cough, decreased body weight and appetite since 7 months earlier. The patient was diagnosed with bacteriologically confirmed TB and anti-TB drug was given. Cough symptom was decreasing but shortness of breath and hoarseness remained after treatment. Physical examination showed decreased vesicular sound and stridor. Bronchoscopy revealed narrow tracheal lumen (pin point) with fibrosis. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan showed severe narrowing of tracheal lumen at thoracic vertebrae 1-2. Surgery was performed to cut the fibrotic tissue and tracheostomy was placed at stenosis area.Conclusion: Pin point trachea is a rare case. One of the causes is tracheobronchial TB. The main managements are optimal administration of anti-TB drugs and interventional bronchoscopy or surgery.
Bronchial Arteries Embolization in Tuberculosis-Related Recurrent Hemoptysis with Complete Right Lung Atelectasis: A Case Report
Authors: Kusumastrini Yulia Devina Suci , Permatasari Ariani
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Hemoptysis is an emergency condition with high morbidity and mortality which requires immediate treatment. Active tuberculosis (TB) and post-tubercular sequelae can result in hemoptysis with the most common source is from bronchial artery.Case: We reported a 22-year-old man who presented with shortness of breath and recurrent hemoptysis. A chest X-Ray showed total atelectasis right lung due to obstructive airway. After aspiration clotting blood in bronchus and instillation adrenalin with fiber optic bronchoscopy, the atelectasis totally disappeared. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed prominent vascular lesions from the apical right pulmonary artery, right brachialis artery, and branch of the posterior intercostal artery. The patient was referred to the interventional unit of the radiology department in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital and underwent bronchial artery embolization. After this procedure, his symptoms resolved completely and he was discharged after a week with 2nd category anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD). 6 months of follow-up, he no longer experienced hemoptysis.Conclusion: Recurrent hemoptysis needs optimal management, including diagnostic with chest radiography, CT and bronchoscopy. Treatment with bronchoscopy and bronchial artery embolization will reduce mortality and morbidity in patients with hemoptysis.
Kidney-Pulmonary Crosstalk from Pathophysiological Perspective
Authors: Salsabila Sharifa Audi , Rosyid Alfian Nur , Empitu Maulana Antiyan , Kadariswantiningsih Ika Nindya , Suryantoro Satriyo Dwi , Haryati Mutiara Rizki , Thaha Mochammad , Suzuki Yusuke
Published: February 2022

Lungs and kidneys are distant organs which are functionally related in physiological and pathological contexts. Acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common complications in acute kidney injury (AKI) or acute-on-chronic kidney disease. On the other hand, there is a considerable risk of AKI in respiratory diseases such as ARDS and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). From a pathophysiological point of view, the kidney-lung crosstalk involves interdependency in the regulation of fluid hemodynamic, acid-base and electrolyte balance, and carbon dioxide partial pressure. Aside from the closely related function, the crosstalk may also occur by non-classical mechanisms such as through activation of systemic inflammation, excessive cytokine release, and the formation of auto-antibody which targets both kidneys and lungs. This review discussed several disease mechanisms by which kidney and lungs affect each other or are simultaneously affected by pathological processes. Particularly, this review discussed some specific mechanisms in lungs and kidneys, such as how hypoxemia and hypercapnia induced by ARDS may reduce kidney function and how distance injury on kidney may affect the development of non-cardiogenic edema lungs.
Chronic Lung and Gastrointestinal Diseases: Take a Broader Perspective
Authors: Mustika Syifa , Effendi Tiar Oktavian
Published: February 2022

Chronic lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are often found with gastrointestinal symptoms or even gastrointestinal diseases as one of its comorbid. Vice versa, many cases of gastrointestinal diseases such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have developed respiratory dysfunction later. The connection between these two systems has become interesting lately and has led to several studies to prove the association. Several theories have emerged to explain this association. This includes changes in microbiota, the mucosa-related immune system of both systems, side effects of the therapeutic given, and pathomechanism related to gastrointestinal diseases such as GERD. Many studies try to prove the connection between the microbiota in the respiratory and gastrointestinal system, and changing the abundance in one of the systems can affect another. Both of the systems also have a similar mucosal membrane in their lining. Those membranes have an immune defence called Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT). Lymphatic and circulatory systems facilitate the migration between two mucosal, and these interconnections influence each other. Although the side effect of the therapeutic agent in respiratory diseases (such as inhaled corticosteroid, beta-2 agonist, or anti-cholinergic) is thought to be one of the causative mechanisms, discontinuation of therapy is the second option. Probiotic supplementation to improve microbiota is still not a strong recommendation for management.
Vitamin D Supplementation and COVID-19
Authors: Tanaya Gracia Dewitacita , Syarif Ayu Hutami
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) happened due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. It is the third coronavirus causing a pandemic. Cases of COVID-19 have increased rapidly. Epidemiological studies show droplets as a medium of transmission of this virus. The high rate of transmission and the death rate create urgency on the management of COVID-19. Unfortunately, until now there is no definitive therapy for the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Several potential therapies, including antivirals, immunomodulatory agents, convalescent plasma transfusions, and supportive therapies such as vitamin D supplementation, have been applied in the management of COVID-19. As a hormone, vitamin D has an immunomodulatory effect used in supportive therapy for various immune-related diseases and respiratory system infections. The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D are strengthening the physical barrier (cell junction), the specific immune system (adaptive immunity), and the non-specific immune system (innate immunity). Vitamin D is known to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines and increase the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, vitamin D also performs as a substantial part in the induction of ACE2 receptors which gives a weighty influence on pathogenesis of COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency can amplify the risk of infections including COVID-19. Presently, clinical trials of vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 are limited. This literature review further examined the role of vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Incidence of Heart Failure and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Agus Andry Wahyudi , Adrianison Adrianison , Siswanty Dyah , Yunus Faisal , Zahtamal Zahtamal
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often associated with cardiovascular disease because it has the same risk factors as smoking. One of the cardiovascular complications in COPD is heart failure. Echocardiography examination is a tool to evaluate changes of the heart both anatomically and functionally. This study aimed to determine the relationship between COPD and heart failure by echocardiography examination in stable COPD patients.Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study using a cross-sectional design for COPD patients who visited the Lung Polyclinic of Arifin Achmad Hospital, Pekanbaru, Riau, which was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021. Subjects who met the inclusion criteria were examined by spirometry, chest X-rays, and echocardiography.Results: In this study, there were 66 stable COPD subjects. It was found that 15.2% of subjects had right heart failure based on the tricuspid annular plain systolic excursion (TAPSE) assessment and 7.6% of the subjects had left heart failure based on the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) value. Right ventricular dilatation (p = 0.000), right ventricular dysfunction (p = 0.005), and increased probability of pulmonary hypertension (PH) (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with a decrease in the first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1).Conclusion: The severity of COPD with FEV1 <50% had a significant relationship with dilatation, dysfunction of right ventricular, and increased the probability of incidence of PH based on parameters tricuspid regurgitation (TR). A history of exacerbations ≥2 times in a year caused right ventricular dilatation, decreased right ventricular function, and increased the probability of PH.
Assessing Public Interest Towards Renewable Wind Energy Using Google Trends
Authors: Perju-Mitran Alexandra , Zirra Daniela , Mitran Raul Augustin
Published: February 2022

The public interest towards renewable and clean energy is an important part of shaping consumer behavior and policy towards these topics. A “big data” approach towards assessing the public interest for various topics consists in using freely available search frequency data for the Google search engine, through the Google Trends service. The search data frequency can be used to assess public opinion for a variety of topics, such as medicine, climate change and environmental concerns, finance, and economics etc. A study of the public interest towards wind energy topics is reported here. Six Google search keywords (“Wind power”, “Wind energy”, “Offshore wind”, “Wind farm”, “Wind turbine” and “Wind generator”) were investigated in the 2004–2020-time range. All keywords except “Offshore wind” show a steady decrease from a 2008 – 2010 maximum up to 2015, followed by a period limited change in the 2015 – 2020 range. The interest towards offshore wind topics follows a similar trend but increases in frequency starting from 2015 and reaches a maximum in 2018. Overall, the Google Trends data show a decrease of public interests towards most wind energy topics, with the exception of “Offshore wind”, for English speaking users, in the 2004–2020-time range.
Hybrid CNN-GRU Framework with Integrated Pre-trained Language Transformer for SMS Phishing Detection
Authors: Ulfath Rubaiath E , Alqahtani Hamed , Hammoudeh Mohammad , Sarker Iqbal H.
Published: February 2022

Smartphones are prone to SMS phishing due to the rapid growth in the availability of smart mobile technologies driven by Internet connections. Also, detecting phishing SMS is a challenging task due to the unstructured nature of SMS text data with non-linear complex correlations. In this concern, considering the recent advancements in the domain of cybersecurity, we have proposed a hybrid deep learning framework that extracts robust features from SMS texts followed by an automatic detection of Phishing SMS. Due to combining the potential capability of individual models into one hybrid framework, it has outperformed various other individual machine learning and deep learning models. The proposed Phishing Detection framework is an effective hybrid combination of pretrained transformer model, MPNet (Masked and Permuted Language Modeling), with supervised ConvNets (CNN) and Bi-directional Gated Recurrent Units (GRU). It is intended to successfully detect unstructured short phishing text messages that contain complex patterns.
Origin and Early Evolution of Photosynthesis: A Brief Historical Account
Authors: Cardona Tanai
Published: February 2022

What if oxygenic photosynthesis is a primordial process with roots at the origin of life? What would the impact of this change in perspective be on our understanding of the early Earth and of the emergence and diversification of life? In here, I will examine some of the historical context of the study of the evolution of photosynthesis, which led to the consolidation of the current notion that the origin of anoxygenic photosynthesis occurred before the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis. I will show with a few examples how the mainstream view on the evolution of photosynthesis traces back to Oparin’s ‘primordial soup’ scenario for the origin of life, fuelled by the century-old perception that oxygenic photosynthesis is a plant rather than a bacterial trait. However, it has become more evident than ever before that the mainstream view is not supported by the evolution of the photosystems. In other words, the origin of biological water oxidation appears to be the seed from where photosynthesis sprout. Somewhat troubling and contrary to all predictions that derive from the mainstream view, photosystem II—the water-splitting and oxygen-evolving enzyme—shows features that are better explained if photochemical reaction centres originated during the establishment of oxygenic photosynthesis. An urgent revision of the evolution of photosynthesis procured to be free from biases of interpretations and presuppositions is strongly encouraged from all angles of the Life and Earth Sciences.
User-View on Organ-on-a-Chip Technology
Authors: Busek Mathias , Aizenshtadt Aleksandra , Amirola Martinez Mikel , Delon Ludivine , Krauss Stefan
Published: February 2022

Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) systems bring together cell biology, engineering, and material science for creating systems that recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment of tissues and organs. The versatility of OoC systems enables in vitro models for studying physiological processes, drug development, and testing in both academia and industry. This paper evaluates current platforms from the end-user perspective, elaborating on usability, complexity, and robustness. We surveyed 165 peers in over 30 countries and grouped the responses according to preliminary knowledge and the source of the OoC systems that are used. The survey clearly shows that current commercial OoC platforms provide a substantial level of robustness and usability - which is also indicated by an increasing adaptation of the pharmaceutical industry but a lack of complexity can challenge their use as a predictive platform. Self-made systems on the other hand are less robust and standardized but provide the opportunity to develop customized and more complex models which are often needed for human disease modeling. This review serves as a guide for researchers in the OoC field and encourages the development of next-generation OoCs.
Implementasi Negosiasi Tingkat Keuntungan terhadap Akad Murabahah pada Bank Syariah (Studi terhadap Nasabah Debitur pada BRI Syariah Kantor Cabang Surakarta)
Authors: Rifai Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Penelitian hukum berjudul “Implementasi Negosiasi Tingkat Keuntungan terhadap Akad Murabahah Pada Bank Syariah (Studi terhadap Nasabah Debitur pada BRI Syariah Kantor Cabang Surakarta)” bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis implementasi negosiasi tingkat keuntungan terhadap akad murabahah pada BRI Syariah Kantor Cabang Surakarta serta apa saja faktor yang menyebabkan nasabah debitur dalam menentukan tingkat keuntungan. Penelitian hukum ini merupakan penelitian empiris atau non-doktrinal, dan bersifat deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan oleh penulis adalah bahwa BRI Syariah Kantor Cabang Surakarta telah mengimplementasikan negosiasi dengan baik sesuai apa yang diatur dalam fatwa DSN MUI NO: 04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 tentang Murabahah dan fatwa DSN MUI NO: 11/DSN-MUI/IX/2017 tentang Akad Jual Beli Murabahah sebagai aturan teknis perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Walaupun demikian, masih ada beberapa kecil kasus dimana negosiasi terkait tingkat keuntungan tidak terlaksana karena tidak adanya inisiasi dari pihak bank maupun pihak nasabah. Sedangkan faktor terbesar nasabah menyepakati tingkat keuntungan adalah kerelaan. Sedangkan faktor lainnya adalah karena terdesak dalam ekonomi sehingga terpaksa untuk menyetujui tingkat keuntungan tersebut.