bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in the diagnosis and management of autoimmune hemolytic anemia: A case-based approach. Experience from a tertiary care hospital in the Haryana region
Authors: Sharma Geetika , More Shilpi , Rajput Saroj , Sharma Nimisha , Choudhary Sonu , Chatterjee Tathagata
Published: May 2024

Background:

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare immune disorder which occurs when antibodies are directed against self red blood cells (RBCs) leading to hemolysis. AIHA is widely classified as warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, cold agglutinin syndrome, mixed AIHA, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria and rarely drug induced AIHA. The pathogenesis of AIHA is complex interplay between genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation and enviornmental triggers. A direct antiglobulin test can be used to assess the immunological origin of the hemolysis in order to diagnose AIHA after identifying laboratory and clinical symptoms of hemolysis.

Objective:

The objective is to understand underlying mechanism in AIHAs, and usage of targeted therapies to modulate specific components of the immune response.

Materials and Methods:

We are hereby presenting a case series of 11 clinically suspected cases of AIHA in collaboration with their clinical features, immuno-hematological and other laboratory parameters, Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subset in relevant cases, underlying etiology as well as serological subtype are also included.

Results:

Majority of the patients were categorized as secondary AIHA (7/11, 63.63%). Out of 11 cases 7 were serologically subtyped as warm AIHA (7/11, 63.63%) ,2 cases were DaaT negative AIHA (2/11;18.18%), 2 cases were characterized as mixed AIHA subtype (2/11, 18.18%).

Conclusion:

Accurate subtyping of AIHA requires a systematic immunohematological approach coupled with comprehensive evaluations of clinical, hematological, and biochemical parameters.
Amniotic Fluid Volume: An Important Deciding Factor for Pregnancy Continuation in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Ken Shweta , Gupta Ratan , Rani Kumari Usha , Saxena Purnima , Yadav Sunita , Bajaj Bindu
Published: May 2024

Aims and Objectives:

To find out various risk factors affecting fetomaternal outcomes in preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).

Materials and Methods:

A prospective study after approval from the ethical committee was conducted at VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology from December 2020 to May 2022 in which 100 pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membrane between 32 and 36 weeks of gestation were enrolled. Patients were followed with Total leucocyte count (TLC), urine R/M, urine C/S, high vaginal swab C/S, and C-reactive protein along with routine antenatal care investigations. Intravenous antibiotics were given to all patients for 48 h followed by oral antibiotics for 5 days. All patients were on follow-up and managed conservatively and induction of labor was done at 37 weeks or earlier in case of fetal distress and presence of signs and symptoms of chorioamnionitis. Both mother and baby were followed till 7 days after delivery.

Results:

In the present study, we observed the following risk factors that had adverse effects on fetomaternal outcomes in PPROM patients. The association of oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index [AFI] <5) with neonatal sepsis (P = 0.025) and neonatal death (P = 0.025) was found to be significant. Vaginal infection was found to be significantly associated with birth asphyxia (P = 0.024), APGAR <7 at 1 min (P = 0.015), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (P = 0.009), and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) (P = 0.002). The association of urinary tract infection (UTI) with neonatal sepsis (P = 0.01), birth asphyxia (P = 0.005), APGAR <7 at 1 min (P = 0.001), NICU admission (P = 0.002), neonatal death (P = 0.01), and PPH (P = 0.0004) was found to be significant. We also observed that the duration from membrane rupture to delivery had no adverse effect on fetomaternal outcome, may be as we had given antibiotics to all patients from the time of admission.

Conclusions:

The conclusion from the present study was that oligohydramnios (AFI <5) is a significant risk factor for adverse neonatal outcomes in PPROM along with vaginal infections and UTIs. Hence, amniotic fluid volume should also be considered as an important deciding factor for pregnancy continuation in PPROM.
Management of luxation injuries in line with International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines – Two case reports
Authors: Sule Kavita , Malik Akanksha , Kothari Anjali , Rao Vinay
Published: May 2024

Luxation injuries represent significant traumatic events for permanent teeth. This article presents the management of intrusive and extrusive luxation injuries, following the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines, through two case reports. The first case involves a 30-year-old female with an intruded maxillary left central incisor, managed through surgical extrusion, stabilization, and endodontic treatment. The second case features a 15-year-old female with an extruded maxillary left central incisor, repositioned and splinted. Follow-up examinations revealed the resolution of symptoms in both cases. These cases highlight the efficacy of IADT guidelines in diagnosing and treating luxation injuries, resulting in favorable outcomes.
Effect of different root canal irrigants on surface roughness and microhardness of Biodentine combined with triple antibiotic paste: An in vitro study
Authors: Halkai Rahul , Ishaq S. Syed , Halkai Kiran R. , Mahveen Syeda Uzma
Published: May 2024

Background:

Biodentine is widely used for endodontic applications; recently, it has been incorporated with triple antibiotic paste (TAP). The effect of endodontic irrigants on the physical characteristics of this new combination needs to be studied.

Aims:

The aim of the study was to evaluate the surface roughness and microhardness of Biodentine incorporated with TAP subjected to various endodontic irrigants.

Materials and Methods:

Hundred cylindrical discs (6 mm × 3 mm) were prepared by mixing the Biodentine with TAP (3:1). The specimens were subjected to different irrigating solutions for 5 min in 5 groups (n = 20): Group 1: distilled water (control), Group 2: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, Group 3: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Group 4: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and Group 5: 2% chitosan nanoparticles (CSNs). Half of the specimens in each group were subjected to surface roughness (n = 10) and another half to microhardness (n = 10). Surface roughness was measured using a surface roughness tester, and digital Vickers microhardness testing was performed on each specimen.

Statistical Analysis:

One-way ANOVA and post
hoc Tukey’s tests (P ≤ 0.05) were used.

Results:

The highest microhardness was found with 2% CSN, whereas 2% CSN and 2% CHX had a minimal effect on the surface roughness of Biodentine incorporated with TAP (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:

The root canal irrigant 2% CSN exhibited the highest microhardness and least surface roughness of modified Biodentine with TAP.
Effects of novel additives on the mechanical and Biological properties of glass ionomer cement: An in vitro study
Authors: Piyush Gupta , Kalyan S. Sai , Aparna U. Palekar , Khyati Gupta , Basawaraj Biradar
Published: May 2024

Aim:

To evaluate the efficacy of incorporated novel additives in Glass Ionomer Cement to ameliorate biocompatibility and mechanical properties.

Introduction:

Though Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) has multiple advantages, it is not strong enough for medical applications, and its biocompatibility is questionable. To improve biocompatibility and its mechanical properties, a study was performed to investigate the potential benefits of adding graphene, carbon nanotubes, hydroxyapatite, and bioactive glass to GIC. The objective was to enhance both the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of GIC.

Material and Method:

Modified Glass Ionomer Cement was prepared by creating five groups. Hydroxyapatite, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, and bioactive glass were incorporated in a 10:1 weight ratio, respectively. Group 5 was designated as the control group and used Fuji Type II GIC. After preparing 90 samples, they were kept in deionized water for a day and then evaluated their compressive strength, microhardness, and diametral tensile strength, and also checked their in vitro cytotoxicity by direct contact with L929 mammalian fibroblast cells.

Statistical Analysis:

The data were examined using mean and standard deviation descriptive statistics. The comparative evaluation was done via Tukey HSD test and one-way ANOVA using S.P.S.S. software.

Result:

It showed that Group 3 had better results in compressive strength (144.478+- 3.989), diametral tensile strength (20.29+- 0.8601), and microhardness (131+-3.536) when compared with other groups while in the biocompatibility (viability %) Group 1 [82.55], Group 3 [76.49], Group 4 [87.63], while Group 2[58.02].

Conclusion:

Group 3 has better physical properties in microhardness, diametral tensile strength, and compressive strength, than the other groups. In Biocompatibility, Group 1, Group 3, Group 4, and Group 5 were noncytotoxic at the same time multi-walled carbon nanotubes group (Group 2) had cytotoxic potential.
The advantages and intraoperative management of the laparoscopic approach in perforated appendicitis
Authors: Daduk Yildiray , Seker Ahmet , Sozutek Alper
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Gangrene/perforated appendicitis entails high rates of morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to discuss the reliability, surgical management and post-operative complications of laparoscopic interventions in the treatment of perforated appendicitis.

Patients and Methods:

One hundred and ten patients (50 men and 60 women) diagnosed with perforated appendicitis based on history, physical examinations, laboratory and computed tomography findings between January 2016 and May 2022 were analysed retrospectively. Preoperative laboratory and radiological findings, surgical methods and post-operative complications were evaluated.

Results:

Abdominal pain defence and rebound were present in all patients. In terms of radiological findings, intra-abdominal free fluid was present in all patients and abscess in 42. Post-operative abdominal surgical site infection developed in six patients. No intra-abdominal abscess or incisional hernia was observed during follow-ups.

Conclusion:

As a diagnostic tool, permitting better visualisation of the abdominal cavity, entailing fewer post-operative complications and obviating the need for large incisions, laparoscopy can represent the approach of choice in the treatment of perforated appendicitis.
Ligamentum teres hepatis incarcerated within linea alba hernia: A case report
Authors: Liao Ke , Shi Lujie
Published: May 2024

Incarcerated linea alba hernia is a rare form of ventral hernia. Most of these contain pre-peritoneal fat or the omentum. Herniation of containing ligamentum teres hepatis is seldom seen. A 52-year-old man presented with an abdominal wall mass and dull pain for 2 weeks. Computed tomography and ultrasound examination of the abdomen revealed an epigastrium linea alba hernia containing the liver round ligament. A hernial sac of size 3 cm × 4 cm was explored by laparoscopic surgery and successfully managed with hernia repair.
Telescopic dissection versus balloon dissection during laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair: A prospective randomised control trial
Authors: Varun Rajanna , Shaikh Oseen Hajilal , Sagar Prakash , Vijayakumar Chellappa , Balasubramanian Gopal , Kumbhar Uday Shamrao
Published: May 2024

Background:

Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) repair involves creating a preperitoneal space. The preperitoneal space can be created by balloon or telescopic dissection (TD). Nevertheless, these techniques may have some complications. However, there are very few studies that compare these two techniques. This study aims to assess the impact and comprehensively compare the TD and balloon dissection (BD) methods in patients undergoing laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair.

Patients and Methods:

This was a single-centre, double-blinded, prospective, randomised, controlled trial comparing BD and TD for the creation of the preperitoneal space. The primary end point was to compare the post-operative pain score, intraoperative complications and surgical site occurrence between the two groups. The secondary end point was to assess the impact of the dissection technique on operative time for the creation of extraperitoneal space during laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair.

Results:

A total of 46 patients were included in the study (23 in each group). Baseline parameters were comparable between the groups. The total operative time between the groups (120 min vs. 160 min; P < 0.005) was statistically significant. The incidence of the peritoneal breach was statistically less in the BD group (43% vs. 13%; P < 0.005). Other short-term and long-term complications were less in the BD group but not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

BD in TEP inguinal hernia repair reduces the operative time and peritoneal breach. When compared to TD in terms of operative time, routine use of BD can be proposed. It will be beneficial in the early part of the learning curve.
Laparoscopic segmental colectomy for a rare case of extraluminal amoeboma masquerading as stromal tumour of the colon
Authors: Shenoy K. Ganesh , Thomas Marina , Jeur Amol S. , Ramesh B. S. , Jan Nawab
Published: May 2024

Entamoeba histolytica is known to cause infectious colitis that presents with diarrhoea or dysentery. Extra intestinal manifestations result in amoebic abscesses to involve organs such as the liver, lungs or brain. Very rarely, it may present like a pseudotumour due to a mass formation if the primary infection was untreated or inadequately treated. We, herein, report a rare case of extraluminal amoebic pseudotumour in a young female with a diagnosis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumour of hepatic flexure of the transverse colon on pre-operative imaging and per operative findings, but final histopathological examination of the resected specimen proved it to be an amoeboma. The rarity of this case was the extraluminal presentation, unlike other reported cases of intraluminal pseudotumour. After an extensive literature search, we believe that this is the first reported case of extraluminal pseudotumour of the transverse colon managed by laparoscopic segmental colectomy.
Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve
Authors: Hromada Carina , Heimel Patrick , Kerbl Markus , Gál László , Nürnberger Sylvia , Schaedl Barbara , Ferguson James , Swiadek Nicole , Monforte Xavier , Heinzel Johannes C. , Nógrádi Antal , Teuschl-Woller Andreas H. , Hercher David
Published: May 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202506000-00029/figure1/v/2024-08-08T040853Z/r/image-tiff

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits (tNGCs). However, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects (typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk+ tNGCs with the tubes without holes (silk– tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk+ tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk+ group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk–, accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk– tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm (critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk+ tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimization of the macroscopic holes silk+ tNGC approach containing macroscopic holes might result in improved grafting technology suitable for future clinical use.
Differential response of injured and healthy retinas to syngeneic and allogeneic transplantation of a clonal cell line of immortalized olfactory ensheathing glia: a double-edged sword
Authors: Norte-Muñoz María , Portela-Lomba María , Sobrado-Calvo Paloma , Simón Diana , Di Pierdomenico Johnny , Gallego-Ortega Alejandro , Pérez Mar , Cabrera-Maqueda José M. , Sierra Javier , Vidal-Sanz Manuel , Moreno-Flores María Teresa , Agudo-Barriuso Marta
Published: May 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202508000-00029/figure1/v/2024-09-30T120553Z/r/image-tiff

Olfactory ensheathing glia promote axonal regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system, including retinal ganglion cell axonal growth through the injured optic nerve. Still, it is unknown whether olfactory ensheathing glia also have neuroprotective properties. Olfactory ensheathing glia express brain-derived neurotrophic factor, one of the best neuroprotectants for axotomized retinal ganglion cells. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the neuroprotective capacity of olfactory ensheating glia after optic nerve crush. Olfactory ensheathing glia cells from an established rat immortalized clonal cell line, TEG3, were intravitreally injected in intact and axotomized retinas in syngeneic and allogeneic mode with or without microglial inhibition or immunosuppressive treatments. Anatomical and gene expression analyses were performed. Olfactory bulb-derived primary olfactory ensheathing glia and TEG3 express major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Allogeneically and syngenically transplanted TEG3 cells survived in the vitreous for up to 21 days, forming an epimembrane. In axotomized retinas, only the allogeneic TEG3 transplant rescued retinal ganglion cells at 7 days but not at 21 days. In these retinas, microglial anatomical activation was higher than after optic nerve crush alone. In intact retinas, both transplants activated microglial cells and caused retinal ganglion cell death at 21 days, a loss that was higher after allotransplantation, triggered by pyroptosis and partially rescued by microglial inhibition or immunosuppression. However, neuroprotection of axotomized retinal ganglion cells did not improve with these treatments. The different neuroprotective properties, different toxic effects, and different responses to microglial inhibitory treatments of olfactory ensheathing glia in the retina depending on the type of transplant highlight the importance of thorough preclinical studies to explore these variables.
Dip2a regulates stress susceptibility in the basolateral amygdala
Authors: Li Jing , He Zixuan , Chai Weitai , Tian Meng , Yu Huali , He Xiaoxiao , Zhu Xiaojuan
Published: May 2024

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202506000-00025/figure1/v/2024-08-08T040853Z/r/image-tiff

Dysregulation of neurotransmitter metabolism in the central nervous system contributes to mood disorders such as depression, anxiety, and post–traumatic stress disorder. Monoamines and amino acids are important types of neurotransmitters. Our previous results have shown that disco-interacting protein 2 homolog A (Dip2a) knockout mice exhibit brain development disorders and abnormal amino acid metabolism in serum. This suggests that DIP2A is involved in the metabolism of amino acid–associated neurotransmitters. Therefore, we performed targeted neurotransmitter metabolomics analysis and found that Dip2a deficiency caused abnormal metabolism of tryptophan and thyroxine in the basolateral amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex. In addition, acute restraint stress induced a decrease in 5-hydroxytryptamine in the basolateral amygdala. Additionally, Dip2a was abundantly expressed in excitatory neurons of the basolateral amygdala, and deletion of Dip2a in these neurons resulted in hopelessness-like behavior in the tail suspension test. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that DIP2A in the basolateral amygdala may be involved in the regulation of stress susceptibility. This provides critical evidence implicating a role of DIP2A in affective disorders.
Stiffness-tunable biomaterials provide a good extracellular matrix environment for axon growth and regeneration
Authors: Han Ronglin , Luo Lanxin , Wei Caiyan , Qiao Yaru , Xie Jiming , Pan Xianchao , Xing Juan
Published: May 2024

Neuronal growth, extension, branching, and formation of neural networks are markedly influenced by the extracellular matrix—a complex network composed of proteins and carbohydrates secreted by cells. In addition to providing physical support for cells, the extracellular matrix also conveys critical mechanical stiffness cues. During the development of the nervous system, extracellular matrix stiffness plays a central role in guiding neuronal growth, particularly in the context of axonal extension, which is crucial for the formation of neural networks. In neural tissue engineering, manipulation of biomaterial stiffness is a promising strategy to provide a permissive environment for the repair and regeneration of injured nervous tissue. Recent research has fine-tuned synthetic biomaterials to fabricate scaffolds that closely replicate the stiffness profiles observed in the nervous system. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms by which extracellular matrix stiffness regulates axonal growth and regeneration. We highlight the progress made in the development of stiffness-tunable biomaterials to emulate in vivo extracellular matrix environments, with an emphasis on their application in neural repair and regeneration, along with a discussion of the current limitations and future prospects. The exploration and optimization of the stiffness-tunable biomaterials has the potential to markedly advance the development of neural tissue engineering.
Autophagy-targeting modulation to promote peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Chen Yan , Deng Hongxia , Zhang Nannan
Published: May 2024

Nerve regeneration following traumatic peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies is a complex process modulated by diverse factors and intricate molecular mechanisms. Past studies have focused on factors that stimulate axonal outgrowth and myelin regeneration. However, recent studies have highlighted the pivotal role of autophagy in peripheral nerve regeneration, particularly in the context of traumatic injuries. Consequently, autophagy-targeting modulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to enhancing peripheral nerve regeneration. Our current understanding suggests that activating autophagy facilitates the rapid clearance of damaged axons and myelin sheaths, thereby enhancing neuronal survival and mitigating injury-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. These actions collectively contribute to creating a favorable microenvironment for structural and functional nerve regeneration. A range of autophagy-inducing drugs and interventions have demonstrated beneficial effects in alleviating peripheral neuropathy and promoting nerve regeneration in preclinical models of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries. This review delves into the regulation of autophagy in cell types involved in peripheral nerve regeneration, summarizing the potential drugs and interventions that can be harnessed to promote this process. We hope that our review will offer novel insights and perspectives on the exploitation of autophagy pathways in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries and neuropathies.
Targeting TrkB–PSD-95 coupling to mitigate neurological disorders
Authors: Yang Xin , Huang Yu-Wen Alvin , Marshall John
Published: May 2024

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and memory. The activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre- or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses, reflected by long-term potentiation. Postsynaptically, the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term potentiation. In this review, we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders. A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington’s disease, and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and depression. Treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic, due to poor pharmacokinetics, low brain penetration, and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 isoform. Although TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated, they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific functions. Targeting TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.
Context-dependent role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation
Authors: Sola-Sevilla Noemí , Garmendia-Berges Maider , Mera-Delgado MCarmen , Puerta Elena
Published: May 2024

Sirtuin 2 is a member of the sirtuin family nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, known for its regulatory role in different processes, including inflammation. In this context, sirtuin 2 has been involved in the modulation of key inflammatory signaling pathways and transcription factors by deacetylating specific targets, such as nuclear factor κB and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich-repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3). However, whether sirtuin 2-mediated pathways induce a pro- or an anti-inflammatory response remains controversial. Sirtuin 2 has been implicated in promoting inflammation in conditions such as asthma and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that its inhibition in these conditions could be a potential therapeutic strategy. Conversely, arthritis and type 2 diabetes mellitus studies suggest that sirtuin 2 is essential at the peripheral level and, thus, its inhibition in these pathologies would not be recommended. Overall, the precise role of sirtuin 2 in inflammation appears to be context-dependent, and further investigation is needed to determine the specific molecular mechanisms and downstream targets through which sirtuin 2 influences inflammatory processes in various tissues and pathological conditions. The present review explores the involvement of sirtuin 2 in the inflammation associated with different pathologies to elucidate whether its pharmacological modulation could serve as an effective strategy for treating this prevalent symptom across various diseases.
Crosstalk between degradation and bioenergetics: how autophagy and endolysosomal processes regulate energy production
Authors: Pabon Angelid , Bhupana Jagannatham Naidu , Wong Ching-On
Published: May 2024

Cells undergo metabolic reprogramming to adapt to changes in nutrient availability, cellular activity, and transitions in cell states. The balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration is crucial for energy production, and metabolic reprogramming stipulates a shift in such balance to optimize both bioenergetic efficiency and anabolic requirements. Failure in switching bioenergetic dependence can lead to maladaptation and pathogenesis. While cellular degradation is known to recycle precursor molecules for anabolism, its potential role in regulating energy production remains less explored. The bioenergetic switch between glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration involves transcription factors and organelle homeostasis, which are both regulated by the cellular degradation pathways. A growing body of studies has demonstrated that both stem cells and differentiated cells exhibit bioenergetic switch upon perturbations of autophagic activity or endolysosomal processes. Here, we highlighted the current understanding of the interplay between degradation processes, specifically autophagy and endolysosomes, transcription factors, endolysosomal signaling, and mitochondrial homeostasis in shaping cellular bioenergetics. This review aims to summarize the relationship between degradation processes and bioenergetics, providing a foundation for future research to unveil deeper mechanistic insights into bioenergetic regulation.
P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Luo Shan , Wang Yifei , Hisatsune Tatsuhiro
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent form of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau. Targeting amyloid-beta plaques has been a primary direction for developing Alzheimer’s disease treatments in the last decades. However, existing drugs targeting amyloid-beta plaques have not fully yielded the expected results in the clinic, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. Increasing evidence unravels that astrocyte morphology and function alter in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients, with dysregulated astrocytic purinergic receptors, particularly the P2Y1 receptor, all of which constitute the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease. These receptors are not only crucial for maintaining normal astrocyte function but are also highly implicated in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease. This review delves into recent insights into the association between P2Y1 receptor and Alzheimer’s disease to underscore the potential neuroprotective role of P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer’s disease by mitigating neuroinflammation, thus offering promising avenues for developing drugs for Alzheimer’s disease and potentially contributing to the development of more effective treatments.
Health and Community Care Workers' Knowledge and Perceptions of Social Prescribing in Singapore
Authors: Tan Li Feng , Merchant Reshma Aziz
Published: May 2024

Background: This study aimed to survey knowledge and perceptions of social prescribing (SP) amongst health and community care workers, and is a cross-sectional online survey conducted in November 2023.Methods: The survey on basic demographics, awareness, knowledge, and practices of SP was completed by 123 health and community care workers.Results: The mean age of respondents was 39.0 years. Nearly two-thirds had heard of SP. A lower proportion of acute hospital doctors (55.6%) and nurses (56.8%) had heard of SP compared with primary and subacute care doctors (75.0%). The majority agreed that SP benefits patients’ mental health and reduces healthcare utilization. Primary care physicians, community nurses, and active ageing centres were the top three professionals selected as most responsible for SP by survey respondents. The most commonly cited barriers to SP were seniors’ reluctance (63.4%), lacking knowledge on how to refer (59.3%), lack of time (44.7%), and cost to seniors (44.7%).Conclusion: Overall, health and community care workers demonstrated positive attitudes toward SP and were keen to refer patients for SP. However, additional efforts are needed to improve knowledge about how to refer to and provide training on SP.
Glucokinase regulatory protein rs780094 polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and nephropathy
Authors: Al Madhoun Ashraf
Published: May 2024

In this editorial, we comment on the article by Liu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes (Relationship between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes with albuminuria). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disorder characterized by dysregulated glucose homeostasis. The persistent elevated blood glucose level in T2DM significantly increases the risk of developing severe complications, including cardiovascular disease, re-tinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. T2DM arises from a complex interplay between genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Global genomic studies have identified numerous genetic variations associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Specifically, variations within the glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) gene have been linked to heightened susceptibility to T2DM and its associated complications. The clinical trial by Liu et al further elucidates the role of the GCKR rs780094 polymorphism in T2DM and nephropathy development. Their findings demonstrate that individuals carrying the CT or TT genotype at the GCKR rs780094 locus are at a higher risk of developing T2DM with albuminuria compared to those with the CC genotype. These findings highlight the importance of genetic testing and risk assessment in T2DM to develop effective preventive strategies and personalized treatment plans.
Role of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor in diabetic complications
Authors: Liu Ying , Lu Cun-Yu , Zheng Yi , Zhang Yu-Min , Qian Ling-Ling , Li Ku-Lin , Tse Gary , Wang Ru-Xing , Liu Tong
Published: May 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent disorder with multi-system manifestations, causing a significant burden in terms of disability and deaths globally. Angio-tensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) belongs to a class of medications for treating heart failure, with the benefits of reducing hospitalization rates and mortality. This review mainly focuses on the clinical and basic investigations related to ARNI and diabetic complications, discussing possible physiological and molecular mechanisms, with insights for future applications.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease
Authors: Kawasaki Eiji , Tamai Hidekazu , Fukuyama Takahiro , Sagara Yoko , Hidaka Ryutaro , Uchida Aira , Tojikubo Masayuki , Tatsumoto Narihito , Akehi Yuko , Hiromatsu Yuji
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

In recent years, the emergence of multiplex technology that can simultaneously measure multiple anti-islet autoantibodies has become particularly valuable for the staging and early diagnosis of immune-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1D). While it has been established that 20%-30% of T1D patients suffer from autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), there is limited available data regarding the presence of anti-islet autoantibodies in AITD patients. Among commercially available anti-islet autoantibodies, glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibodies (GADAs) are often the first marker measured in general clinical practice.

AIM

To investigate the frequency of anti-islet autoantibodies in AITD patients.

METHODS

Our study involved four hundred ninety-five AITD patients, categorized into three distinct groups: AITD with T1D (n = 18), AITD with phenotypic type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 81), and AITD without diabetes (n = 396), and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to determine the frequencies of 3 Screen Islet Cell Autoantibody (3 Screen ICA), GADA, insulinoma-associated antigen-2 autoantibodies (IA-2As), and zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies (ZnT8As) within these groups.

RESULTS

The frequency of 3 Screen ICA in AITD patients with T1D, T2D, and those without diabetes were 88.9%, 6.2%, and 5.1%, respectively, with no significant difference seen between the latter two groups. Notably, the frequency of 3 Screen ICA was 11.1% higher in AITD patients with T1D, 1.3% higher in AITD patients with T2D, and 1.1% higher in AITD patients without diabetes compared to GADA, respectively. Furthermore, 12.5%, 20.0%, and 20.0% of the 3 Screen ICA-positive patients were negative for GADA. Additionally, 1.3% of the AITD patients who tested negative for 3 Screen ICA in both the AITD with T2D and non-diabetic AITD groups were found to be positive for individual autoantibodies. Among the 3 Screen ICA-positive patients, there was a significantly higher proportion of individuals with multiple autoantibodies in AITD patients with T1D compared to those without diabetes (37.5% vs 5.0%, P < 0.05). However, this proportion was similar to that in AITD patients with T2D (20.0%). Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in 3 Screen ICA titers between AITD patients with T1D and those without diabetes (436.8 ± 66.4 vs 308.1 ± 66.4 index). Additionally, no significant difference in 3 Screen ICA titers was observed between Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis in any of the groups.

CONCLUSION

Our findings reveal that some AITD patients without diabetes exhibit 3 Screen ICA titers comparable to those in AITD patients with T1D. Thus, 3 Screen ICA outperforms GADA in identifying latent anti-islet autoantibody-positive individuals among AITD patients.
Systematic investigation of Radix Salviae for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy disease based on network Pharmacology
Authors: Kang Tao , Qin Xiao , Chen Yan , Yang Qian
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a debilitating complication of diabetes mellitus with limited available treatment options. Radix Salviae , a traditional Chinese herb, has shown promise in treating DPN, but its therapeutic mech-anisms have not been systematically investigated.

AIM

Radix Salviae (Danshen in pinin), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely used to treat DPN in China. However, the mechanism through which Radix Salviae treats DPN remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the mechanism of action of Radix Salviae against DPN using network pharmacology.

METHODS

The active ingredients and target genes of Radix Salviae were screened using the TCM pharmacology database and analysis platform. The genes associated with DPN were obtained from the Gene Cards and OMIM databases, a drug-com-position-target-disease network was constructed, and a protein–protein inter-action network was subsequently constructed to screen the main targets. Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation and pathway enrichment analysis were performed via the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) using Bioconductor.

RESULTS

A total of 56 effective components, 108 targets and 4581 DPN-related target genes of Radix Salviae were screened. Intervention with Radix Salviae for DPN mainly involved 81 target genes. The top 30 major targets were selected for enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways.

CONCLUSION

These results suggested that Radix Salviae could treat DPN by regulating the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, Danshen may affect DPN by regulating inflammation and apoptosis.
Estrogen restores disordered lipid metabolism in visceral fat of prediabetic mice
Authors: Liu Su-Huan , Shangguan Zhao-Shui , Maitiaximu Paiziliya , Li Zhi-Peng , Chen Xin-Xin , Li Can-Dong
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Visceral obesity is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and young adults and is commonly recognized as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Estrogen [17β-estradiol (E2)] is known to offer protection against obesity via diverse me-chanisms, while its specific effects on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) remain to be fully elucidated.

AIM

To investigate the impact of E2 on the gene expression profile within VAT of a mouse model of prediabetes.

METHODS

Metabolic parameters were collected, encompassing body weight, weights of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT), random blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and overall body composition. The gene expression profiles of VAT were quantified utilizing the Whole Mouse Genome Oligo Microarray and subsequently analyzed through Agilent Feature Extraction software. Functional and pathway analyses were conducted employing Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, respectively.

RESULTS

Feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) moderately increased the weights of both VAT and SAT, but this increase was mitigated by the protective effect of endogenous E2. Conversely, ovariectomy (OVX) led to a significant increase in VAT weight and the VAT/SAT weight ratio, and this increase was also reversed with E2 treatment. Notably, OVX diminished the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism compared to HFD feeding alone, signaling a widespread reduction in lipid metabolic activity, which was completely counteracted by E2 administration. This study provides a comprehensive insight into E2's local and direct protective effects against visceral adiposity in VAT at the gene level.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the HFD-induced over-nutritional challenge disrupted the gene expression profile of visceral fat, leading to a universally decreased lipid metabolic status in E2 deficient mice. E2 treatment effectively reversed this condition, shedding light on the mechanistic role and therapeutic potential of E2 in combating visceral obesity.
Victimización en la Infancia, Percepción Actual de la Violencia Psicológica contra las Mujeres y Actitudes Sexistas en Parejas de Adolescentes en Acogimiento Residencial: Estudio Preliminar
Authors: Ortega Beatriz , Nieto Marta , Latorre José Miguel , Barocas Briana , Jimeno María Verónica
Published: May 2024

Los menores que crecen en entornos familiares desfavorables también pueden sufrir victimizaciones en otros contextos distintos a la familia. Estas victimizaciones, junto con creencias sexistas, pueden subyacer al riesgo de involucrarse en la violencia en pareja, ya que podrían afectar a la tolerancia y percepción de conductas abusivas. El objetivo fue analizar la percepción de violencia psicológica contra las mujeres, las actitudes sexistas y la victimización en una muestra de 40 adolescentes (12-18 años; 66,7\% mujeres) que se encontraban en acogimiento residencial. Las y los adolescentes mostraron una percepción de violencia psicológica contra las mujeres entre moderada y considerable, presentando mayores niveles de actitudes sexistas benévolas. Hubo diferencias significativas en la percepción de violencia psicológica en función del nivel de victimización. Las polivíctimas presentaron una menor capacidad de percepción que las víctimas. Se resalta la necesidad de trabajar en la prevención de la violencia en pareja en adolescentes de alto riesgo desde los primeros signos de alerta, como es la dificultad para determinar qué conductas son o no violencia en pareja.
A RCC nas dioceses do Regional Sul IV
Authors: Brandes Orlando
Published: May 2024

A RCC nas dioceses do Regional Sul IV
“Tertio Millenio Adventente”
Authors: Besen José Artulino
Published: May 2024

“Tertio Millenio Adventente”
Bíblia e cidadania, Bíblia e política
Authors: Dietrich Luís José
Published: May 2024

Bíblia e cidadania, Bíblia e política
Seguir Jesus... Projeto político do 4º Evangelho
Authors: Mendes Vitor Hugo
Published: May 2024

Seguir Jesus... Projeto político do 4º Evangelho
A misericórdia, fonte da Justiça e da Paz
Authors: Francisco Manoel João
Published: May 2024

A misericórdia, fonte da Justiça e da Paz
Juventude e Cf-96, construindo a Cidadania
Authors: Bambinetti Amarildo
Published: May 2024

Juventude e Cf-96, construindo a Cidadania
Política neoliberal e sacrificialismo
Authors: Tomazi Gilberto
Published: May 2024

Política neoliberal e sacrificialismo
Mística feminista
Authors: Milanez Teresinha
Published: May 2024

Mística feminista
Juventude, espiritualidade e PJ
Authors: Bambinetti Amarildo
Published: May 2024

Juventude, espiritualidade e PJ
A evangelização em Santa Catarina (1ª parte)
Authors: Besen José Artulino
Published: May 2024

A evangelização em Santa Catarina (1ª parte)
Jesus e as comunidades... na perspectiva de Marcos
Authors: Loraschi Celso
Published: May 2024

Jesus e as comunidades... na perspectiva de Marcos
Reflexões sobre direitos dos presos
Authors: Prado Antônio Boaventura
Published: May 2024

Reflexões sobre direitos dos presos
O Tribunal da Inquisição
Authors: Besen José Artulino
Published: May 2024

O Tribunal da Inquisição
Considerações ético-sociais sobre a Dívida Externa
Authors: Vicente Vilmar Adelino
Published: May 2024

Considerações ético-sociais sobre a Dívida Externa
As Igrejas Orientais Católicas no Brasil
Authors: Cervi Henrique Ernesto
Published: May 2024

As Igrejas Orientais Católicas no Brasil
Ucranianos em terra catarinense
Authors: Besen José Artulino
Published: May 2024

Ucranianos em terra catarinense
O trabalho: a hora de o homem aprender a ser como Deus
Authors: Ribeiro Hélcion
Published: May 2024

O trabalho: a hora de o homem aprender a ser como Deus
Monsenhor Francisco Xavier Topp
Authors: Besen José Artulino
Published: May 2024

Monsenhor Francisco Xavier Topp
Redemptóris Missio, uma encíclica programática
Authors: Crimella Severiano
Published: May 2024

Redemptóris Missio, uma encíclica programática
A vida religiosa em Santa Catarina - subsídios
Authors: Milanez Terezinha
Published: May 2024

A vida religiosa em Santa Catarina - subsídios
A Nova Evangelização – releituras possíveis
Authors: Brandes Orlando
Published: May 2024

A Nova Evangelização – releituras possíveis
Catequese em casa: uma experiência de catequese paroquial descentralizada
Authors: Diversos Autores
Published: May 2024

Catequese em casa: uma experiência de catequese paroquial descentralizada
O céu, nossa casa
Authors: Feller Vitor Galdino
Published: May 2024

O céu, nossa casa
Observações gerais sobre Santo Domingo
Authors: Scheid Eusébio Oscar
Published: May 2024

Observações gerais sobre Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo – a dimensão bíblica
Authors: Pereira Ney Brasil
Published: May 2024

Santo Domingo – a dimensão bíblica
Santo Domingo – a dimensão litúrgica
Authors: Associação dos Liturgistas do Brasil ASLI
Published: May 2024

Santo Domingo – a dimensão litúrgica
Anotações para a história do ITESC
Authors: Niehues Afonso
Published: May 2024

Anotações para a história do ITESC
O padre no Brasil hoje
Authors: Bratti Paulo
Published: May 2024

O padre no Brasil hoje
“Ética e política: uma relação indissolúvel”
Authors: Silva Márcio Bolda da
Published: May 2024

“Ética e política: uma relação indissolúvel”
“Movimento estudantil e política”
Authors: Tomazi Gilberto
Published: May 2024

“Movimento estudantil e política”