bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Necromarketing as Advertising Strategy in American Television
Authors: Shelton Amiee
Published: August 2016

Significant research has been conducted regarding fear appeals, but little empirical evidence concerning death appeals is found. This study determined to what extent necromarketing exists in advertisements in American television. Through a content analysis of 1012 American television advertisements, this study found what product categories employ this marketing strategy and which consumer groups were targeted. Findings show that implicit necromarketing is a more commonly used marketing tactic than explicit necromarketing; the industries of entertainment promotions and insurance use necromarketing appeals more often than others, and necromarketing appeals were more heavily used during primetime. His study forms the base for future studies investigating the impact death has on purchase intentions
An Impingement Cooling Using Swirling Jets Induced by Helical Rod Swirl Generators
Authors: Eiamsa-ard S. , Nuntadusit C. , Wongcharee K. , Chuwattanakul V.
Published: July 2016

The heat transfer performance of swirling impinging jets (SIJs) was investigated and compared with that of the conventional jet (CIJ). The swirling jets were induced by helical rod inserts (HRs) fitted with pipe nozzles. The helical rod inserts with two different rod diameter to nozzle diameter ratios (d/D) of 0.46 and 0.64 were employed for comparison. Jet-to-plate distance to nozzle diameter ratio (L/D) was varied from 1 to 5 while Reynolds number was fixed at 20,000. The temperature and Nusselt number distributions on the impinged plate were measured and evaluated using thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) sheet and image processing technique. The experimental results showed that the swirling jet (SJ) at d/D=0.64 gave higher average heat transfer rate than the SJ at d/D=0.46 up to 6.41 % and the conventional jet (CJ) up to 35.05 %. In addition, Nusselt number peak of swirling jets increased as jet-to-plate distance decreased.
Ellipsis: licensing, structure and identity
Authors: Gandón-Chapela Evelyn , Pérez-Guerra Javier
Published: July 2016

Following an introduction to ellipsis and its consequences both for communication and for the theory of grammar, this paper addresses a number of issues which have been debated in the linguistic literature on ellipsis, namely structure, identity and licensing. This study brings to the readers’ attention the effects which such conditions have for the study of ellipsis in different languages as well as their constraints within the generative framework. As case studies on the conditions and the characterisation of the linguistic strategy under scrutiny, this paper also summarises the main approaches to ellipsis in the studies embodied in this special issue.
On Some Sets of Almost Continuous Functions which Locally Aproximate a Fixed Function
Authors: Loranty Anna , Pawlak Ryszard J.
Published: August 2016

In this paper, we investigate topological properties of the sets of almost continuous functions f: [0,1] → [0,1] which locally approximate a fixed function. This approximation is associated with the certain value of entropy of a function at a fixed point of the primal function.
Road Transport Accidents in Nigeria and the Role of Automotive Active Safety System
Authors: Akinyemi Olasunkanmi Oriola , Adeyemi Hezekiah O , Jinadu Olusegun
Published: July 2016

Analysis of road traffic accidents revealed that most accidents are as a result of drivers’ errors. Over the years, active safety systems (ASS) were devised in vehicle to reduce the high level of road accidents, caused by human errors, leading to death and injuries. This study however evaluated the impacts of ASS inclusions into vehicles in Nigeria road transportation network. The objectives was to measure how ASS contributed to making driving safer and enhanced transport safety. Road accident data were collected, for a period of eleven years, from Lagos State Ministry of Economic Planning and Budget, Central Office of Statistics. Quantitative analysis of the retrospective accident was conducted by computing the proportion of yearly number of vehicles involved in road accident to the total number of vehicles for each year. Results of the analysis showed that the proportion of vehicles involved in road accidents decreased from 16 in 1996 to 0.89 in 2006, the injured persons reduced from 15.58 in 1998 to 0.3 in 2006 and the death rate diminished from 4.45 in 1998 to 0.1 in 2006. These represented 94.4 %, 95 % and 95 % improvement respectively on road traffic safety. It can therefore be concluded that the inclusions of ASS into design of modern vehicles had improved road safety in Nigeria automotive industry.
The Point of Precision
Authors: Stewart Kathleen
Published: August 2016

This essay proposes a kind of critique aimed at approaching the improvisatory conceptuality of ordinary forms emergent in everyday life. Using a slowed ethnographic attention to the immanent aesthetics of objects, it argues that the singularities through which forms take place animate both event and perception.
Audio Description Described
Authors: Kleege Georgina
Published: August 2016

Audio description seeks to make visual media—film, television, theater, art exhibits—accessible to blind people. In this essay I use the audio-described version of the Oscar-nominated film The Sessions as an example of the current standards. I then speculate on future innovations that could democratize the medium and make it more inclusive.
THE VALUE OF LABORATORY TESTS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: Petre Nicolae , Pop Carmen Monica , Homorodean Daniela
Published: July 2016

Background and aim. In the last decades, the inhabitants of the Romanian region known as Jiu Valley underwent changes in their social and economic status which determined changes in behaviour and health, which influenced their general health condition. One of the consequences was the exacerbation of tuberculosis. In order to control this situation, there was a need to increase the efficiency of diagnosis. This optimization can be reached by a better detection of mycobacterium infection, optimal isolation of strains and identification of the resistance of strains to antituberculous drugs.Methods. In order to identify the best diagnostic modality, we compared the efficacy of the classical bacteriological diagnosis, still performed in the field, to the modern methods of molecular biology. The study included two groups, one represented by 213 patients who were investigated using the classical bacteriological methods, and 49 who were diagnosed using the PCR method.Results. The tuberculosis patients who have been evaluated only with the classical bacteriological methods where diagnosed as TB positive and treated according to the national guidelines, which are in agreement with the international guidelines. The PCR diagnostic methods had a superior diagnostic value compared to the traditional bacteriological method.Conclusions. The results revealed the superiority of the modern molecular biology methods based on PCR. However the bacteriological method remains useful in areas where PCR cannot be afforded.
Daganatos betegek fizioterápiája
Authors: Gomez Izabella , Szekanecz Éva , Szekanecz Zoltán , Bender Tamás
Published: July 2016

Physiotherapy of cancer patients is one of the most controversial issues in our country. Malignant diseases are firstly mentioned as a contraindication of physiotherapy. Until now, physiotherapy was not suggested (or only in limited accessibility) for those patients who had malignant disease in medical history. International medical practice was less restrictive in managing this topic. The development of imaging techniques put this question in a new light. On the basis of evidence, the majority of articles have reported beneficial effects of physiotherapy in cancer patients, and only few articles mentioned it as harmful. Of course, each patient requires an individual assessment, however, if we exclude the possibility of tumor recurrence and metastasis, most of physiotherapy procedures can be used safely. One of the aims of this review is to support the physicians’ decisions when to prescribe treatments, in such a way, that more patients could receive physiotherapy. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(31), 1224–1231.
Mammals of Serra da Bocaina National Park, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Delciellos Ana Cláudia , Novaes Roberto Leonan Morim , Loguercio Mariana Fiuza de Castro , Geise Lena , Santori Ricardo Tadeu , Souza Renan De França , Papi Bernardo Silveira , Raíces Daniel , Vieira Nadjha Rezende , Felix Saulo , Detogne Nathalia , Da Silva Cleber Christianes Souza , Bergallo Helena De Godoy , Rocha-Barbosa Oscar
Published: August 2016

Here we present a commented list of mammals registered in the Serra da Bocaina National Park. Three field trips (February, 2010, and May and July, 2011) were accomplished along the RJ-165 highway in the Municipality of Paraty, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Forty-eight species belonging to nine orders were recorded. The local mammal fauna could be considered diverse and rich, with some species regarded as biological indicators of habitat quality. Endangered and rare rodent species like Blarinomys breviceps, Juliomys rimofrons, and Thaptomys nigrita were captured. Road and hunting impacts on mammals are discussed.
Checklist of large and medium-sized mammals of the Estação Ecológica Mata do Cedro, an Atlantic forest remnant of central Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Penido Gabriel , Zanzini Antônio Carlos da Silva
Published: August 2016

This study presents a checklist of large and medium size mammals at Estação Ecológica Mata do Cedro, municipality of Carmópolis de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Between June 2008 and February 2009 we applied sand plots, active search and camera traps for the species inventory. Sand plots were inspected for five consecutive days every two months. We registered 21 species of mammals: 14 on sand plots, 13 by the active search (direct and indirect evidence) and four in the camera traps. Most species were common to other studies in the Atlantic forest, and not listed as threatened on the Brazilian red list, but two (Puma concolor and Myrmecophaga tridactyla) are considered vulnerable to extinction in Brazil. The reserve holds high species richness in relation to other studies and may have an important role in the conservation of the Atlantic forest mammals.
Termite species list in a terra firme and ghost forest associated with a hydroelectric plant in Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Dambros Cristian De Sales , Mendonça Daniel Reis Maiolino de , Rebelo Tatiane Gonçalves , De Morais José Wellington
Published: August 2016

Termites are among the most important groups to maintain tropical forests but despite their importance they are poorly studied. Termites were sampled in the trunks left over from the flood period in the Balbina Hydroelectric plant (UHB). The trunks are in the water and just partially submersed without contact with the mainland. We compared the species composition with the surrounding terra firme forest. This is the first list of species provided for this area from a standardized sampling and we provide some insights into how these degraded areas can be important to study species distribution and have potential for the discovery of new species of termites. We found that the change in the environment can drastically change the species composition and some rare species in the natural landscape can be more easily detectable in these areas.
Notes on the distribution of Memphis montesino Pyrcz, 1995 and Memphis boliviana (Druce, 1977 (Insecta: Lepidoptera): New country records and updated geographic distribution maps
Authors: Dias Fernando Maia Silva , Casagrande Mirna Martins , Mielke Olaf Hendrik Hermann
Published: August 2016

This paper provides two new distribution records from Guyana for Memphis montesino Pyrcz, 1995, extending the distribution of the species over 200 km westwards to lowland moist forests; and the first record for Memphis boliviana (Druce, 1977) from Argentina, extending its distribution over 500 km southwards.
First record of Dasysyrphus tricinctus (Fallén, 1817) (Diptera: Syrphidae) from Iran
Authors: Kazerani Farzaneh , Talebi Ali Asghar , Gilasian Ebrahim
Published: August 2016

The genus Dasysyrphus Enderlein, 1938 (Diptera: Syrphidae) was studied in Northern Iran. Two species, D. albostriatus (Fallen, 1817) and D. tricinctus (Fallen, 1817) were identified. D. tricinctus is a new record for the fauna of Iran. Diagnostic characters and geographical distribution of D. tricinctus are briefly discussed. Supplementary photographs of the species are provided.
First record of Amictus pictus Loew, 1869 (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Cylleniinae) from Iran
Authors: Hakimian Saeedeh , Talebi Ali Asghar , Gharali Babak
Published: August 2016

Amictus pictus Loew, 1869 (Insecta: Diptera: Bombyliidae) is recorded here for the first time from Iran. The specimens were collected from northern Iran during 2010 and 2011. Morphological characters including female genitalia and geographical distribution of the newly recorded species are provided.
New distribution records of six species of Asilinae (Diptera: Asilidae) Latreille, 1802
Authors: Vieira Rodrigo
Published: August 2016

The geographic ranges of six species of Asilinae are extended: Anarmostus iopterus Loew, 1860; Cnodalomyia catarinensis Lamas and Mellinger, 2008; Cnodalomyia obtusa Hull, 1962; Eraxasilus pruinosus Carrera, 1959; Glaphyropyga pollinifera Carrera, 1945; Taurhynchus fervidus (Curran, 1934).
First record of Amapasaurus tetradactylus Cunha, 1970 (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) in French Guiana
Authors: Dewynter Maël , Surugue Nicolas
Published: August 2016

Three specimens of Amapasaurus tetradactylus Cunha, 1970 were collected during a field survey in the core area of the Amazonian National Park of French Guiana (‘Parc Amazonien de Guyane’), in southern French Guiana. This is the first record of the species for this country, extending its distribution 140 km northwards.
GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC SPENDING: THE EU PRACTICE
Authors: GÜZEL Simla , KIRIŞKAN ÇETIN Işın
Published: July 2016

The financial crisis of 2008 affected the whole world and it had a negative impact on economies. The effects of the crisis are still experienced in several nations. Especially high budget deficits, public debt and unemployment problems caused a heated debate on public spending that was increased to prevent economic recession in the post-crisis era. This study aims to discuss public expenditure efficiency in the wake of global financial crisis. The study utilized a database including the indicators of; Public Expenditures (as a dependent variable), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate, Unemployment Rate, Public Debt, Fiscal Deficit, Human Development Index (HDI). HDI. We used panel regression analysis for 28 EU countries, and time series analysis for the the top 10 countries in terms of per capita income for the period of 2000-2015. The following results were obtained: The high public spending did not affect the indicators used in this study in a positive way.
ANALYZING OF THE VALIDITY OF ENERGY-GROWTH HYPOTHESIS IN N-11 COUNTRIES
Authors: ÇAĞLAYAN AKAY Ebru , OSKONBAEVA Zamira
Published: July 2016

This study aims to determine which energy-growth hypothesis is valid in Next-11 countries. We adopt a panel estimation techniques for the period of 1984-2010 to examine the possibility of growth, conservative, feedback, or neutrality hypotheses for Next-11 countries. Firstly, second generation unit root test are used to investigate stationarity properties of the variables because of the cross-sectional dependence.Then a panel cointegration and panel causality approach are proposed to examine the causal relationship between the variables. Finally, panel vector autoregression model, impulse-response and variance decomposition analysis are applied using generalized moment methods. The findings obtained from panel Granger causality test suggests that there is evidence of uni-directional causality between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in the short-term, which is consistent with the growth hypothesis. It is also found that the responses of growth to a shock of renewable energy consumption are positive. Since there is evidence indicating that renewable energy consumption may trigger economic growth.
MODEL OF FINANCIAL FREEDOM ACHIEVEMENT BASED ON APPLIED PHILOSOPHY AND LIFESTYLE A SEARCH FOR AN ICON OF FAITH IN PRACTICAL LIFE
Authors: YUMARMA Andreas
Published: July 2016

Mekar Mukti, Sertajaya , Pasir Gombong and Simpangan are four big villages in Jababeka industrial and residential area with more than 70.000 residents and 1.400 companies which function as supportive area to Jakarta city, Indonesia. Growth of facilities, infrastructure and new comers increase jobs and societal income. Ironically the increases of jobs and financial income do not necessarily bring about financial freedom to people. There are still many people who live in poverty and cannot achieve the financial freedom yet. This research is therefore intended to analyze deepest conceptual causes of such a condition and to contribute a new model of financial freedom achievement based on applied philosophy and life style. The research uses philosophical approach to analyze and synthesize ideas in the discourse of financial freedom. Accordingly, some applied philosophical principles are needed to build mindset, pattern of thought, action orientation and lifestyle toward financial freedom achievement. As a conclusion, action as a culmination of human thought is perceived as an icon of faith in the practical life. An individual comes out from himself and expresses his expectation, hope, trust and spiritual aspiration into decisions and necessary actions to achieve financial freedom.
IMPLICATIONS OF THE WAR ON THE ECONOMY AND SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF DONBAS
Authors: RAMOS Francisco F. R. , KOVALENKO Olena O.
Published: July 2016

The political crisis that resulted in unrest in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions of Ukraine evolved into a war between the post-revolutionary Ukrainian government and pro-Russian insurgents. A large-scale military conflict has undoubtedly produced an extremely negative impact on the country's economic potential, not very strong as it was. It encompasses both the outcomes of the direct destruction of the economy in the region – both the occupied areas and those controlled by Ukraine – and problems caused to enterprises directly connected with it. Implementation of an entire range of long-due political, social and economic reforms at present opens the window of opportunity to a radical response, but at the same time requires very precise coordination of specific innovations addressable specifically to Donbas, with the universal ones to be applied throughout Ukraine, and with the commitments that the state undertook within the EU association. Lack of resources considerably limits the possibilities to channel budget funds for Donbas recovery; expectations of foreign investment may not materialize, therefore extremely important is the mobilization of funds of the population.
SAJSM 1999 No.1
Authors: . .
Published: August 2016

SAJSM 1999 No.1
Cricket injuries - a longitudinal study of the nature of injuries in South African cricketers
Authors: Stretch RA , Venter DJL
Published: August 2016

SA Sports Medicine Vol.15(2) 2003: 4-8
Shoulder injuries in provincial male fast bowlers - predisposing factors
Authors: Aginsky KD , Lategan L , Stretch RA
Published: August 2016

Objectives. To investigate the relationship between shoulder flexibility and isokinetic strength as possible factors that may predispose provincial fast bowlers to shoulder injuries. Design. Twenty-one players, 12 of whom had no history of shoulder injuries and 9 of whom had experienced a shoulder injury to the bowling arm, were assessed for shoulder strength using a Cybex Norm isokinetic dynamometer. Absolute and relative peak torque measures were obtained at isokinetic speeds of 90°/s and 180°/s, with both concentric and eccentric contractions performed. Shoulder flexibility was tested using a Leighton Flexometer in both internal and external shoulder rotation. The players were classified into a front-on (N = 7), semi front-on (N = 7) or side-on (N = 7) bowling action from video footage recorded after a bowling trial in the nets. Results. Shoulder injuries were more common in fast bowlers with a front-on action (N = 5) than the bowlers with a side-on (N = 2) or semi front-on (N = 2) action. Sixteen of the 21 fast bowlers showed low stability ratios compared with gravity corrected functional ratios, indicating an imbalance and the presence of possible dysfunction. The injured group of fast bowlers showed higher concentric weight-normalised torque values for internal rotation at the higher velocity (180°/s) (65.20 ± 10.03 vs. 45.91 ± 10.26 Nm.kg-1 p < 0.009: injured vs. uninjured), which would suggest greater instability when compared with the uninjured players. This imbalance could indicate the presence of a predisposition to impingement syndrome in the injured subjects. There was an increase in the external rotation ranges of movement for both groups, indicating a degree of hypermobility in both groups. The results indicate that the presence of possible dysfunction in the shoulder rotators, combined with a front-on bowling action and external rotation hypermobility, are possible predisposing factors for chronic shoulder injuries in cricket fast bowlers. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol.16(1) 2004: 25-28
KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL QUANTUM TEACHING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR TEMATIK INTEGRATIF PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV MII
Authors: Fatikhin Muhammad Kholisul , Kristanto M.
Published: August 2016

Permasalahan yang diungkap dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah model Quantum Teaching efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar tematik integratif peserta didik kelas IV? Populasi dalam penelitian eksperimen ini yaitu peserta didik kelas IV yang berjumlah 40 peserta didik. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan sampel kelas IV A dan kelas IV B dengan masing-masing kelas berjumlah 20 peserta didik dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik yang dikenai model Quantum Teaching memperoleh nilai rata – rata 75,55, dan jumlah 20 peserta
didik yang tuntas dengan persentase ketuntasan 95%. Sementara peserta didik yang mendapat metode ceramah memperoleh rata- rata 70,45, dan jumlah 20 peserta didik yang tuntas dengan persentase ketuntasan 70%. Hasil pembelajaran peserta didik yang mendapat model Quantum Teaching lebih baik dari peserta didik yang mendapat metode ceramah. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil belajar yang ditinjau dari aspek kognitif dan psikomotor sebagai pendukung. Hasilnya adalah peserta didik menjadi lebih aktif dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Disamping itu peserta didik juga lebih bebas untuk mengeluarkan ide-ide dalam belajar.
PENGARUH PENDEKATAN OPEN-ENDED TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIS SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR KELAS V
Authors: Agustian Egi , Sujana Atep , Kurniadi Yedi
Published: August 2016

Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian pretest-posttest control group design untuk meneliti pengaruh pendektan open-ended terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa kelas V SD. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SD kelompok papak berdasarkan rata-rata nilai UN matematika tingkat SD/MI se-Kec. Rancakalong, sedangkan sampel penelitian adalah SDN Pasirbenteng II sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan SDN Pasirbiru sebagai kelompok kontrol. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes hasil belajar, skala sikap, format observasi kinerja guru, format observasi aktivitas siswa dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan pendektan open-ended dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa kelas V SD secara signifikan. Selain itu, respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika yang menggunakan pendekatan open-ended cenderung positif, artinya siswa memiliki kecenderungan minat dan semangat yang baik terhadap pembelajaran.
PERSEPSI GURU SD TERHADAP PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS
Authors: Pramswari Lungguh Puri
Published: August 2016

This study was set out of curiosity to know what kind of the perception of elementary school teachers, in understanding and implementing classroom action research (CAR) to solve pedagogical-didactical problems that faced in the learning process. By survey method, this study is conducted to 63 the primary school teachers from first grade class up to sixth grade one, derived from the three districts/city in West Java Province. In general, can be described that all teachers stated how important CAR is, but most feel still constrained in implementing it. 
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KONSTRUKTIVISME PADA MATERI CIRI-CIRI MAHLUK HIDUP DI KELAS III A SD NEGERI KEPUTRAN
Authors: Sujarwanto -
Published: August 2016

Formulation of the problem this research is how the learning process, how much improving student learning outcomes on the material characteristics of living things, and change the behavior of learners with learning model Constructivism in third grade students of Keputran 06 Elementary School. A Classroom Action Research was conducted in two cycles. Behavioral changes towards better aspects of attention, student response, responsibility, how students respond, and make a note of student activity in the learning process. The average results of the first cycle of learning 83,07dengan minimum completeness criteria. students who achieve 77%. While on the second cycle students get an average of 90.76 with students who achieve 100% minimum completeness criteria.
Notes on Petru Maior’s language in Învățătură pentru ferirea și doftoria boalelor (1816)
Authors: Soare Liliana
Published: July 2016

Petru Maior’s translation elaborated in 1816, insufficiently studied, offers precious material as regards the norms of literary language in Transylvania in the first two decades of the 19th century. We focused on the fundamental features of the literary language, but, at the same time, we mentioned the secondary features which were considered relevant for the literary norm promoted by the scholar. It can be observed that the linguistic material extracted from this translation reflects, besides phonetic and morphologic norms specific of the author’s dialect, norms established following other criteria than those exemplified by the local tradition, that is the criterion of proximity to the Latin etymon or proximity to the Wallachian rule promoted by the religious prints of the mid- eighteenth century. As far as the neologistic vocabulary used in this translation is concerned, a semantic classification was performed, aiming at both general cultural vocabulary, as well as at specialized vocabulary (medical terminology). The medical terminology of the text was presented on the two constituent coordinates: the literature, neologistic one and the folk, traditional one. There were considered the most important aspects of phonetic and morphological adaptation of loans, taking notice of the high number of loans properly integrated due to the Latin-Romance orientation of the scholar, as well as of the large share of analogue phonetic variants and unadapted terms (Latinisms and Italianisms).
Genesis of Public Broadcaster in Post-Soviet Society. Lithuanian Case
Authors: Peciulis Zygintas
Published: August 2016

The goal of the research was to analyse the development of the idea of the public service broadcasting (PSB) in Lithuania as one of Post-Soviet countries that restored its independence in 1990. The Lithuanian case serves in revealing the great variety of ways to interpret the idea of the PSB, the possibilities to manipulate various notions, and the way the fate of the PSB can be affected by politicians and competing business groups. In this research we distinguished the following stages of the PSB concept formation in Lithuania: the first debates (the development of legislative basis), and attempts of influence – the so-called depoliticisation, decommercialisation, and optimization. In order to achieve it, we analysed the Lithuanian legislation and its amendments, parliamentary discussions, and press publications. We also compared the Lithuanian PSB concept with the Western perception. It was concluded that despite of the official declarations about further limiting the interference with the national service broadcaster, there actually were the attempts of influence and politicisation. Politicisation by depoliticising. In pursuit of changing the Lithuanian Radio and Television (LRT) management the procedure of LRT Council formation was changed in 1996-1997: representatives were delegated by 15 creative and public organisations. The principles of public organisations selection have been criticised. Politicisation by de-commercialising. In 2000-2002, the LRT was criticised because of its commercialisation and non-performance of its mission. It was intended to develop a special funding system whereby the LRT should submit the Seimas with a funding plan and evidences justifying that the anticipated programmes are in compliance with the national mission. Introduction of such amendments could pose a risk of direct political interference with the LRT management and formation of the programme content. Politicisation by optimising. In 2009-2010 the attempts were made to radically reform the LRT management. The criticism related to linkage of the LRT Council members mandate with the political calendar, possibility of recalling the Council members by the delegating institutions and organisations, and the right of the Seimas Committee to approve or reject the strategy of the LRT programming. In 2014, a new financing model of the LRT has been developed, following which the LRT in 2015 discontinued broadcasting the commercial ads (except for certain established cases). The LRT financing is known in advance and calculated on the basis of the budget revenue and excise duty collection results of a preceding calendar year.
Palladium nanoparticles in ionic liquids stabilized by mono-phosphines. Catalytic applications
Authors: Chacón Gustavo , Pradel Christian , Saffon-Merceron Nathalie , Madec David , Gomez Montserrat
Published: August 2016

Palladium nanoparticles generated from organometallic complexes in the presence of functionalized mono-phosphines (L1-L3), in both THF and imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ImILs), were successfully synthesized. Depending on the phosphine and solvent nature, PdNPs with different extent of aggregation were observed. Actually, the ligand L1, P(CH2CH2CH2Ph)3, led to small and well-dispersed nanoparticles in both ILs, [BMI][PF6] and [EMI][HP(O)2OMe], in contrast to more agglomerated PdNPs obtained in THF. PdNPs in ILs were catalytically active and chemoselective in C-C cross-coupling (Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck-Mizoroki) and hydrogenation reactions. Well-defined Pd(0) and Pd(II) organometallic complexes containing L1, [PdCl2(L1)2] and [Pd(ma)(L1)2], were also prepared for comparative purposes.
Thermal stability of imidazolium-based ionic liquids
Authors: Chancelier Léa , Boyron Olivier , Gutel Thibaut , Santini Catherine
Published: August 2016

This work highlights the factors tuning the thermal stability of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (IL) associated to bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion [NTf2]. The decomposition temperatures (Td) were evaluated by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) with optimized parameters to obtain reproducible Td. The impact of the alkyl chain length and of the presence of functional groups and unsaturations on Td were evaluated. The thermal behaviour was governed by Van der Waals interactions between alkyl chains, and by inter and intra coulombic interactions such as hydrogen bonds.
CONHECIMENTO DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS E RELAÇÃO COM O AMBIENTE POR ALUNOS DE DUAS ESCOLAS DE ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE VIÇOSA DO CEARÁ, CEARÁ
Authors: Lemos Jesus Rodrigues , Oliveira Idelson Pereira de , Araújo Melise Pessôa , Meireles Victor de Jesus Silva
Published: July 2016

Resumo: O uso de plantas entre as populações nordestinas indica um grande conhecimento dos recursos do ambiente e um sistema próprio de utilização desses recursos. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se há diferença entre o conhecimento acerca do uso medicinal de plantas apresentado por alunos de duas escolas de Ensino Fundamental da zona rural e urbana no município de Viçosa do Ceará. O numero de citações de plantas medicinais diferiu significativamente nos grupos da escola urbana e rural, sendo que estes últimos demonstraram um maior conhecimento. Não foi verificada diferença acentuada quando comparada à diversidade de espécies citadas. Das plantas citadas pelos alunos da escola de zona urbana, metade foi similar àquelas também referidas pelos alunos da escola rural. Verificou-se que o conhecimento que as novas gerações possuem a respeito de plantas medicinais é relativamente representativo, sendo a família, os principais transmissores do mesmo. Tais práticas ainda são comuns dentro dos grupos analisados.

 

Palavras-chave: Etnobotânica. Conhecimento tradicional. Meio Ambiente.
Evaluation of bone metabolism in obese men and women
with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Titz-Bober Magdalena , Holecki Michał , Hawrot-Kawecka Anna , Olszanecka-Glinianowicz Magdalena , Chudek Jerzy , Popkiewicz Anna , Duława Jan
Published: August 2016

Wstęp

Wydaje się, że zespół metaboliczny (MS) jest dodatkowym czynnikiem zwiększającym ryzyko złamań osteo-porotycznych. Celem tego badania była ocena wpływu zespołu metabolicznego na metabolizm kości i ryzyko złamań osteoporotycznych u otyłych mężczyzn i kobiet.

Materiał i metody

W badaniu wzięło udział 40 otyłych mężczyzn i 40 otyłych kobiet. Badanych podzielono na 2 grupy: pacjentów z otyłością bez MS (20 mężczyzn i 20 kobiet) i pacjentów z MS (20 mężczyzn i 20 kobiet). W gru-pach badanych oznaczono w surowicy stężenie parathormonu (PTH), 25-OH-D3, C-końcowego usieciowanego peptydu kolagenu typu 1 (CTX1), osteokalcyny, FGF23, wapnia (Ca) i fosforu (P). Ryzyko złamania osteoporotycznego oszacowano, stosując skalę FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessmen Tool). Grupę kontrolną stanowiło 15 zdrowych mężczyzn i kobiet w podobnym wieku.

Wyniki

Otyłe kobiety z MS charakteryzowały się większym ryzykiem złamań osteoporotycznych (3,0 vs 1,6%;
p < 0,001), stężeniem w surowicy fosforu (1,8 vs 1,12 mmol/l; p < 0,001) oraz mniejszym stężeniem 25-OH-D3
(7,3 vs 34,6 ng/ml; p < 0,01) w porównaniu z kobietami bez MS. Nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic w ryzyku złamań osteoporotycznych i stężeniach ocenianych parametrów między mężczyznami z otyłością bez MS i z MS. Kobiety z MS miały niższe stężenie CTX-1 (0,27 ng/ml vs. 0,41 ng/ml; p) w porównaniu z mężczyznami.

Wnioski

Zespół metaboliczny nie wpływa na wskaźniki metabolizmu kostnego u mężczyzn i kobiet. Kobiety z zespołem metabolicznym charakteryzują się jednak mniejszym stężeniem 25-OH-D3. Kobiety, ale nie mężczyźni, z zespołem metabolicznym, wykazują większe 10-letnie ryzyko złamania osteoporotycznego niż kobiety z otyłością bez zespołu metabolicznego.
Comparative Gene Approach to the Investigation of SNPs within the Tenascin-C Gene in Achilles Tendon Injury in the Canine Patient
Authors: Kieves Nina R , Lundberg Alycen P , Wilke Vicki L
Published: August 2016

Objective: To evaluate for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the tenascin-C (TNC) gene in a population of dogs with atraumatic Achilles tendon rupture.

Background: In humans, Achilles tendinopathy has been extensively studied for numerous polymorphisms within several genes and has been associated with polymorphisms in collagen (COL5A1) and the TNC genes.

Evidentiary value: This study serves as a starting point for evaluating a genetic component of Achilles tendinopathy in the dog.

Methods: Whole blood from twenty dogs with atraumatic Achilles tendon rupture and 14 matched control samples were used. DNA was extracted from whole blood run with primers designed around two SNPs previously identified to be related to Achilles tendinopathy in humans. One SNP was located in exon 29, and one exon 17 of the canine TNC gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was run on the samples and they were sequenced. Sequences of the affected canine population were compared to the control sample sequences.

Results: There were no significant differences in genotype or allele frequency of the SNPs rs13321 and rs2104772 between any of the affected and control subjects with a p-value of 1.0.

Conclusion: This study evaluated a population of canines with atraumatic Achilles tendon rupture for SNPs in the TNC gene. We found no difference in gene sequence for the study population compared to age, sex, and breed matched controls.

Application: Though the data from this study did not show a correlation between the specific polymorphisms investigated, it is possible that other SNPs within the TNC gene or other genes involved in tendon composition and repair such as collagen may be associated with atraumatic Achilles tendon injury in the dog. 

  
E-waste Management in South Africa: Case Study: Cathode Ray Tubes Recycling Opportunities
Authors: Ledwaba Pontsho , Sosibo Ndabenhle
Published: August 2016

Households and businesses are generating unprecedented levels of electrical and electronic wastes (e-waste), fueled by modernisation and rapid obsolescence. While the challenges imposed by e-waste are similar everywhere in the world, disparities in progress to deal with it exists; with developing nations such as South Africa lagging. The increase in e-waste generation increases the need to formulate strategies to manage it. This paper presents an overview of e-waste management on a global and South African scenarios with a specific case for Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) waste management practices in South Africa. CRTs present the biggest problem for recyclers and policy makers because they contain hazardous elements such as lead and antimony. Common disposal practices have been either landfilling or incineration. The research into the South African practices with regards to CRT waste management showed that there is still more to be done to effectively manage this waste stream. This is despite clear waste regulatory frameworks in the country. However, recent developments have placed e-waste as a priority waste stream, which should lead to intensified efforts in dealing with it. Overall, these efforts should aim to maximise diversion from landfilling and to create value-addition opportunities, leading to social and environmental benefits.
Piracy and the Politics of Social Media
Authors: Fredriksson Almqvist Martin
Published: August 2016

Since the 1990s, the understanding of how and where politics is made has changed radically. Scholars such as Ulrich Beck and Maria Bakardjieva have discussed how political agency is enacted outside of conventional party organizations, and political struggles increasingly focus on single issues. Over the past two decades, this transformation of politics has become common knowledge, not only in academic research but also in the general political discourse. Recently, the proliferation of digital activism and the political use of social media is often understood to enforce these tendencies. This article analyzes the Pirate Party in relation to these theories, relying on almost 30 interviews with active Pirate Party members in Sweden, the UK, Germany, the USA, and Australia. The Pirate Party was initially formed in 2006, focusing on copyright, piracy, and digital privacy. Over the years, it has developed into a more general democracy movement, with an interest in a wider range of issues. This article analyses how the party’s initial focus on information politics and social media connects to a wider range of political issues and to other social movements, such as Arab Spring protests and Occupy Wall Street. Finally, it discusses how this challenges the understanding of information politics as a single issue agenda.
Bioresponsive Hydrogels: Chemical Strategies and Perspectives in Tissue Engineering
Authors: Sgambato Antonella , Cipolla Laura , Russo Laura
Published: August 2016

Disease, trauma, and aging account for a significant number of clinical disorders. Regenerative medicine is emerging as a very promising therapeutic option. The design and development of new cell-customized biomaterials able to mimic ECM functionalities represent one of the major strategy to control the cell fate and stimulate tissue regeneration. Recently, hydrogels have received a considerable interest for their use in the modulation and control of cell fate during regeneration processes. Several synthetic bioresponsive hydrogels are being developed in order to facilitate cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. In this review new strategies and future perspectives of such synthetic cell microenvironment will be highlighted.
Measurement of Heat-Flux of New Type Façade Walls
Authors: Samardzioska Todorka , Apostolska Roberta
Published: August 2016

The building envelope has the most significant contribution in the reduction of the building energy consumption. Application of new, alternative and improved materials and systems has an important impact on the buildings performances. This paper is focused on the thermal transmittance, as an indicator of the thermal conductance of the construction element. It includes comparisons of the U-values, calculated by software, with those measured in situ on three representative façade walls. The walls have been constructed with the new wall system Fragmat NZ-1, a new product in Macedonian buildings. This research provides basic information on the thermal transmittance of the system. The results of the analysis show that the in situ measuring is a useful tool in validation of the precision of analytically calculated values, since it was difficult to obtain precise results from the analytical calculations only, especially when the layers are with non-uniform thickness.
Synthesis and Characterization of Molybdenum Doped ZnO Thin Films by SILAR Deposition Method
Authors: Radha R. , Sakthivelu A. , Pradhabhan D.
Published: August 2016

Molybdenum (Mo) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on the glass substrate by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) deposition method. The effect of Mo dopant concentration of 5, 6.6 and 10 mol% on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of n-type Mo doped ZnO films was studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the Mo doped ZnO thin films were polycrystalline with wurtzite structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) studies shows that the surface morphology of the films changes with Mo doping. A blue shift of the optical band gap was observed in the optical studies. Effect of Mo dopant concentration on electrical conductivity was studied and it shows comparatively high electrical conductivity at 10 mol% of Mo doping concentration. 
Acoustical Investigation of N–(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-Substituted Pyridine -2- Amine Schiff bases by Ultrasonic Velocity Measurements in Dioxane at Different Temperatures
Authors: Mahajan Mrunal M. , Raghuwanshi Pravin B.
Published: August 2016

The present work deals with the study of acoustic parameters like ultrasonic velocity (V), adiabatic compressibility (βs), apparent molar volume (fv) and intermolecular free length (Lf) by ultrasonic interferometric measurements which reflects structural interaction of water molecules and organic solvent molecules with substituted Schiff bases. The study of N–(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-substituted pyridine -2- amine Schiff bases were carried in different percentage of 1,4-dioxane-water medium, at 293, 297 and 300 K. The densities and velocities thus obtained were used to evaluate acoustic parameters for all the ligands.
Phytomedicine - A Holistic Approach in Dentistry
Authors: Zarina Rita , J. L Jaini. , Khosla Ektah
Published: August 2016

Herbal products have been used since ancient times in folk medicine, involving both eastern and western medicinal traditions. Many plants with biological and anti-microbiological properties have been studied since there has been a relevant increase in the incidence of antibiotic overuse and misuse. In dentistry Phytomedicines has been used as anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, analgesic and sedative agents. This paper highlights certain medicinal plant which is used in dentistry as alternative and in holistic way.
Effects of Biochar‐Straw on Soil Aggregation, Organic Carbon Distribution, and Wheat Growth
Authors: Ji Qiang , Zhao Shi‐Xiang , Li Zhong‐Hui , Ma Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Xu‐Dong
Published: August 2016

Exogenous C application can improve the physicochemical properties and fertility of soil. This study was conducted to determine whether the application of biochar (BC) was better than straw for improving soil structure and crop growth. The short‐term effects of exogenous C application on the size distribution of water‐stable aggregates, organic C sequestration, and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated on a silty clay loam soil in the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China. Biochar and straw were applied at equal C rates: 1, 3, and 10% in straw treatments (Str1.0, Str3.0, and Str10.0, respectively) and 0.8, 2.4, and 8% in BC treatments (BC0.8, BC2.4, and BC8.0, respectively). No‐C treatment (CK) was used as the control. The mass proportion of macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) was increased by 16.9% in BC2.4 and 45.8% in BC8.0, and soil organic carbon (SOC) was increased by 13.2 to 155.1% on average in the BC treatments when compared with CK. A small quantity of BC (0.8 and 2.4%) increased microbial biomass C content but decreased dissolved organic C content, while a large quantity of BC (8%) had the reverse effects. Wheat yields were increased by 14.9 and 19.1% in BC0.8 and BC2.4, respectively, while they were decreased by 37.3 and 90.1% in Str3.0 and Str10.0, respectively, when compared with CK. Moderately heavy soil BC amendment (e.g., applied rate, 2.4%) is beneficial to soil structure improvement and wheat growth and effective for harmless disposal of excess plant residues in the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China.

Core Ideas

Biochar addition enhanced macroaggregate formation and microaggregate agglomeration.

Biochar particles mostly existed in the macroaggregate (>0.25 mm) fractions.

Low and moderate biochar application at 0.8% and 2.4% increased microbial biomass C and wheat yield.

Heavy straw application at 3% and 10% inhibited wheat growth and yield increase.