bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterned functional network disruption in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Dukic Stefan , McMackin Roisin , Buxo Teresa , Fasano Antonio , Chipika Rangariroyashe , Pinto‐Grau Marta , Costello Emmet , Schuster Christina , Hammond Michaela , Heverin Mark , Coffey Amina , Broderick Michael , Iyer Parameswaran M. , Mohr Kieran , Gavin Brighid , Pender Niall , Bede Peter , Muthuraman Muthuraman , Lalor Edmund C. , Hardiman Orla , Nasseroleslami Bahman
Published: July 2019

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting motor function, with additional evidence of extensive nonmotor involvement. Despite increasing recognition of the disease as a multisystem network disorder characterised by impaired connectivity, the precise neuroelectric characteristics of impaired cortical communication remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we characterise changes in functional connectivity using beamformer source analysis on resting‐state electroencephalography recordings from 74 ALS patients and 47 age‐matched healthy controls. Spatiospectral characteristics of network changes in the ALS patient group were quantified by spectral power, amplitude envelope correlation (co‐modulation) and imaginary coherence (synchrony). We show patterns of decreased spectral power in the occipital and temporal (δ‐ to β‐band), lateral/orbitofrontal (δ‐ to θ‐band) and sensorimotor (β‐band) regions of the brain in patients with ALS. Furthermore, we show increased co‐modulation of neural oscillations in the central and posterior (δ‐, θ‐ and γl‐band) and frontal (δ‐ and γl‐band) regions, as well as decreased synchrony in the temporal and frontal (δ‐ to β‐band) and sensorimotor (β‐band) regions. Factorisation of these complex connectivity patterns reveals a distinct disruption of both motor and nonmotor networks. The observed changes in connectivity correlated with structural MRI changes, functional motor scores and cognitive scores. Characteristic patterned changes of cortical function in ALS signify widespread disease‐associated network disruption, pointing to extensive dysfunction of both motor and cognitive networks. These statistically robust findings, that correlate with clinical scores, provide a strong rationale for further development as biomarkers of network disruption for future clinical trials.
Remembrances of parental rejection are associated with loneliness as mediated by psychological maladjustment in young Bangladeshi men but not women
Authors: Putnick Diane L. , Uddin Muhammad Kamal , Rohner Ronald P. , Singha Bipasha , Shahnaz Ishrat
Published: July 2019

Loneliness is a significant public health issue that affects young adults. This investigation drew from interpersonal acceptance‐rejection theory to understand how remembrances of parental rejection contributed to psychological maladjustment and loneliness in Bangladeshi college students (N = 300; 50% female). Students reported their remembrances of mothers' and fathers' acceptance‐rejection, their current psychological maladjustment, and loneliness. Remembrances of rejection by parents in childhood were associated with psychological maladjustment (hostility/aggression, negative self‐esteem, negative self‐adequacy, emotional unresponsiveness, emotional instability, and negative worldview) for young adult men and women. Psychological maladjustment, in turn, was associated with feelings of loneliness in young adulthood for young men, but not women. Remembrances of parental rejection were also associated with greater hostility and aggression over and above general psychological functioning among both men and women. Findings are discussed in the context of different social and structural features of young adulthood for women and men in Bangladesh.
Leucine‐rich diet minimises liver glycogen mobilisation and modulates liver gluconeogenesis enzyme expression in tumour‐bearing cachectic rats
Authors: Viana Laís Rosa , Luiz Anna Caroline Perina , Favero‐Santos Bianca Cristine , Salgado Carla de Moraes , Gomes‐Marcondes Maria Cristina Cintra
Published: July 2019

Aims

Cachexia is defined as a complex metabolic syndrome that is associated with tissue damage. Some studies have shown that the liver metabolic alterations contribute to overall host tissue wasting. Knowing that leucine acts as cell signalling, we evaluated hepatic metabolism in Walker 256 tumour‐bearing rats and investigated the modulatory effects of a leucine‐rich diet.

Methods and Results

Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups: control (C) and tumour‐bearing (W) groups, fed a control diet, and leucine (L) and leucine tumour‐bearing (LW) groups, which fed a leucine‐rich diet. After tumour evolution (21 days), liver samples were collected, and assessed the glycogen content via histological periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) staining and performed the molecular and biochemical analysis. A higher liver‐to‐body weight rate was observed in W and LW groups, whereas a lower muscle‐to‐body weight ratio was observed only in W group. Hepatic glycogen content was lower only in W group, which had a greater number of hepatocyte nuclei; these parameters were unchanged in LW rats. Moreover, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glycogen synthase, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) gene expressions were higher in liver tissue from W group than in LW group. However, liver alkaline phosphatase and γGT activities, and also liver AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression were higher in both tumour‐bearing groups.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that a leucine‐rich diet has a protective effect on the loss of skeletal muscle and also minimises the liver failure induced by Walker 256 tumours. Despite the lack of protection against liver damage, the leucine‐rich diet modulated liver energy stores, likely decreasing the futile Cori cycle and reducing energy expenditures.
Translational optical coherence elastography for assessment of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Liu Chih‐Hao , Assassi Shervin , Theodore Sam , Smith Christopher , Schill Alexander , Singh Manmohan , Aglyamov Salavat , Mohan Chandra , Larin Kirill V.
Published: July 2019

Systemic sclerosis (SSc‐scleroderma) is an autoimmune disorder with high mortality rate that results in excessive accumulation of collagen in the skin and internal organs. Currently, the modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS) is the gold standard for evaluating the dermal thickening due to SSc. However, mRSS has noticeable inter‐ and intra‐observer variabilities as quantified by the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC: 0.6‐0.75). In this work, optical coherence elastography (OCE) combined with structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) image analysis was used to assess skin thickness in 12 SSc patients and healthy volunteers. Inter‐ (ICC: 0.62‐0.99) and intra‐observer (ICC > 0.90) assessment of OCT/OCE showed excellent reliability. Clinical assessments, including histologically assessed dermal thickness (DT), mRSS, and site‐specific mRSS (SMRSS) were also performed for further validation. The OCE and OCT results from the forearm demonstrated the highest correlation (OCE: 0.78, OCT: 0.65) with SMRSS. Importantly, OCE and OCT had stronger correlations with the histological DT (OCT: r = .78 and OCE: r = .74) than SMRSS (r = .57), indicating the OCT/OCE could outperform semi‐quantitative clinical assessments such as SMRSS. Overall, these results demonstrate that OCT/OCE could be useful for rapid, noninvasive and objective assessments of SSc onset and monitoring skin disease progression and treatment response.
Projective Paley sets
Authors: Cossidente Antonio , Marino Giuseppe , Pavese Francesco
Published: July 2019

Atwo‐character setin is a set of points with the property that the intersection number with any hyperplane only takes two values. Aprojective Paley setof odd, is a subset of points such that every hyperplane of meets in either or points. Aquasi‐quadricin is a two‐character set that has the same size and the same intersection numbers with respect to hyperplanes as a nondegenerate quadric. Here we construct projective Paley sets of left invariant by a cyclic group of order and of admitting as an automorphism group. Also infinite families of quasi‐quadrics of are provided.
Structure of the testis and spermatogenesis of the viviparous teleost Poecilia mexicana (Poeciliidae) from an active sulfur spring cave in Southern Mexico
Authors: Torres‐Martínez Aarón , Ruiz de Dios Liliana , Hernández‐Franyutti Arlette , Uribe Mari Carmen , Sánchez Wilfrido Contreras
Published: July 2019

We describe the histological characteristics of the testis and spermatogenesis of the cave molly Poecilia mexicana, a viviparous teleost inhabiting a sulfur spring cave, Cueva del Azufre, in Tabasco, Southern Mexico. P. mexicana has elongate spermatogonial restricted testes with spermatogonia arranged in the testicular periphery. Germ cell development occurs within spermatocysts. As spermatogenesis proceeds, the spermatocysts move longitudinally from the periphery of the testis to the efferent duct system, where mature spermatozoa are released. The efferent duct system consists of short efferent duct branches connected to a main efferent duct, opened into the genital pore. Spermatogenesis consisted of the following stages: spermatogonia (A and B), spermatocytes (primary and secondary), spermatids, and spermatozoa. The spermatozoa are situated within spermatocysts, with their heads oriented toward the periphery and flagella toward the center. Once in the efferent duct system, mature spermatozoa are packaged as unencapsulated sperm bundles, that is, spermatozeugmata. We suggest that the histological characteristics of the testis and spermatogenesis of P. mexicana from the Cueva del Azufre, and the viviparous condition where the spermatozoa enter in the female without been in the water, have allowed them to invade sulfurous and/or subterranean environments in Southern Mexico, without requiring complex morphofunctional changes in the testis or the spermatogenetic process.
Filtering antennas for energy harvesting in wearable systems
Authors: Dong Yazhou , Gao Steven , Luo Qi , Dong Shi‐wei , Wei Gao
Published: July 2019

Wearable systems are important for future smart home care for the disabled and ageing population. One of the key challenges is the power supply. One solution is to develop an energy harvesting system suitable for providing power wirelessly. The matching network and filter in traditional energy harvesting system occupy lots of space, introduce additional losses, and reduce the total efficiency. This paper presents a novel filtering antenna suitable for wearable energy harvesting systems. The developed antenna has a broadband operation, harmonics suppression, compact size, and low cost. Firstly, a novel technique for broadband filtering antenna modeling and design in order to realize complex input impedance is presented. By adjusting the external quality factors and coupling coefficients of the resonators, complex impedance matching can be realized. Then, the theory of characteristic mode is used for the modal analysis of the filtering antenna. To verify the design concept, a C‐band circularly polarized filtering antenna with complex impedance is designed and fabricated. The results show that the impedance bandwidth is more than 14.5% with a peak gain higher than 8.5 dBi. The proposed antenna is conjugate matched to the rectifying circuit at 5.8 GHz and mismatched at the second harmonic frequency to suppress the harmonic reradiation, leading to a compact rectenna structure.
Team knowledge exchange: How and when does transformational leadership have an effect?
Authors: Burmeister Anne , Li Yixuan , Wang Mo , Shi Junqi , Jin Yanghua
Published: July 2019

In this study, we examined how and when transformational leadership affected team knowledge exchange. Taking a goal pursuit perspective, we hypothesized two parallel mediating mechanisms—team knowledge goal generation and team knowledge goal striving—linking transformational leadership to team knowledge exchange. In addition, we investigated whether team‐level team‐member exchange served as a boundary condition that qualified the effects of transformational leadership on team knowledge goal generation and striving. We tested our hypotheses using time‐lagged data from 118 work teams of a large Chinese manufacturing firm. Our findings provided support for the proposed parallel mediating mechanisms (i.e., team knowledge goal generation and team knowledge goal striving) that linked transformational leadership to team knowledge exchange. In addition, we found that team‐level team‐member exchange could strengthen the positive effect of transformational leadership on team knowledge exchange via team knowledge goal generation. By taking the novel lens of team goal pursuit, this study contributes to the literature on leadership and teams by shedding light on how transformational leadership triggers the goal pursuit process of team knowledge exchange.
CD73‐dependent adenosine dampens interleukin‐1β–induced CXCL8 production in gingival fibroblasts: Association with heme oxygenase‐1 and adenosine monophosphate‒activated protein kinase
Authors: Ramos‐Junior Erivan Schnaider , Pedram Michael , Lee Renee E. , Exstrom Drake , Yilmaz Özlem , Coutinho‐Silva Robson , Ojcius David M. , Morandini Ana Carolina
Published: July 2019

Background

During inflammation, stressed or infected cells can release adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the extracellular medium, which can be hydrolyzed to adenosine by ectonucleotidases such as ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) and 5′‐nucleotidase (CD73). The role of CD73 in the modulation of cytokine release by human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) remains underexplored. Here, we investigated whether CD73‐mediated hydrolysis of extracellular ATP (eATP) could affect interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced CXCL8 secretion.

Methods

The levels of mRNA expression of adenosine receptors, CD39 and CD73 of periodontitis samples were retrieved from a public database. Moreover, HGF mRNA levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) after 3, 6, or 24 hours of IL‐1β stimulation. IL‐1β‐induced CXCL8 protein levels were measured after pretreatment with 100‐µM eATP in the presence or absence of CD73 inhibitor. The effect of eATP degradation to adenosine on CXCL8 levels was investigated using agonist and antagonist of adenosine receptors.

Results

Levels of CD39, CD73, and adenosine receptor mRNA were differentially modulated by IL‐1β. ATP pretreatment impaired IL‐1β‐induced CXCL8 secretion and required activation of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate‒activated protein kinase (pAMPK). The inhibition of CD73 or the inhibition of adenosine receptors abrogated the ATP effect on CXCL8 secretion.

Conclusions

CD73‐generated adenosine dampens IL‐1β‐induced CXCL8 in HGFs and involves HO‐1 and pAMPK signaling. These results imply that CD73 is a negative regulator of the inflammatory microenvironment, suggesting that this ectoenzyme could be involved in the generation of deficient CXCL8 gradient in chronic inflammation.
Mixed Cationic Surfactant Vesicles in (Dioctadecyldimethylammonium Bromide)/NaCl and (Dioctadecyldimethylammonium Chloride)/NaBr Aqueous Dispersions
Authors: Feitosa Eloi , Lemos Monique , Adati Renata D.
Published: July 2019

One of the most challenging characteristics not fully understood yet of the cationic surfactant salt dioctadecyldimethylammonium (DODA+) halide is concerned with the effects of the counterion (usually Br− and Cl−) on the surfactant assembly into vesicle structures in aqueous solution. These counterions play a key role in the self‐organization of DODA+ into bilayer structures. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were used here to investigate systematically the effects of the single salts NaCl and NaBr, respectively, on the thermal behavior and structural organization of the cationic dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide and chloride (DODAB and DODAC) in water. The results undoubtedly indicate that the added Br− or Cl−, respectively, into DODAC and DODAB aqueous dispersions, replaces partially the bound counterions (Cl− and Br−) from the vesicles, yielding formation of DODAB/DODAC mixed vesicles. As a conclusion, single salts may be used to tune the thermal and structural characteristics of cationic vesicles.
From comrades to Bodhidharma: A Bourdieusian analysis of the spiritual experience of Chinese seasonal tourists
Authors: Zhang Yang , Lee Timothy J. , Xiong Yu
Published: July 2019

This study analyzed the role of Zen meditation in shaping seasonal tourists' spiritual experience using a focus group and interview approach. Three main themes emerged from the study: (a) the desire for seasonal tourism Zen meditation induced by local hosts and the environment was generally positive; (b) the attributes of these seasonal tourists reinforced a positive image of Zen meditation through experiences of both sacred Buddhist rituals and secular daily practices in the E'Mei Mountain destination; and (c) the positive spiritual experiences through seasonal Zen meditation gained in the tourism period had a strong impact on these participants' spiritual experiences.
Diagnostic Performance of Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography for the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Superficial Lymph Nodes: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jun , Chen Ming , Cao Chun‐li , Zhou Li‐Qiang , Li Shu‐Gang , Ge Zong‐Kai , Zhang Wei‐Hong , Xu Jian‐Wei , Cui Xin‐Wu , Dietrich Christoph F.
Published: July 2019

To estimate the diagnostic performance of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography in distinguishing between benign and malignant superficial lymph nodes, relevant articles published before October 31, 2018, in China and other countries were used. Conclusively, a total of 18 articles were analyzed. Sixteen studies used Virtual Touch tissue quantification (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany), and 4 studies used Virtual Touch tissue imaging (Siemens Healthineers). After a meta‐analysis, it was found that acoustic radiation force impulse elastography is an efficient method for detecting superficial lymph nodes. In addition, if the cutoff value for the shear wave velocity were less than 2.85 m/s, the summary sensitivity would increase, and the heterogeneity would be reduced.
Automorphisms of Hilbert schemes of points on a generic projective K3 surface
Authors: Cattaneo Alberto
Published: July 2019

We study automorphisms of the Hilbert scheme of n points on a generic projective K3 surface S, for any . We show that is either trivial or generated by a non‐symplectic involution and we determine numerical and divisorial conditions which allow us to distinguish between the two cases. As an application of these results we prove that, for any , there exist infinitely many admissible degrees for the polarization of the K3 surface S such that admits a non‐natural involution. This provides a generalization of the results of [7] for .
Biallelic germline BRCA1 mutations in a patient with early onset breast cancer, mild Fanconi anemia‐like phenotype, and no chromosome fragility
Authors: Keupp Katharina , Hampp Stephanie , Hübbel Annette , Maringa Monika , Kostezka Sarah , Rhiem Kerstin , Waha Anke , Wappenschmidt Barbara , Pujol Roser , Surrallés Jordi , Schmutzler Rita K. , Wiesmüller Lisa , Hahnen Eric
Published: July 2019

Background

Biallelic BRCA1 mutations are regarded either embryonically lethal or to cause Fanconi anemia (FA), a genomic instability syndrome characterized by bone marrow failure, developmental abnormalities, and cancer predisposition. We report biallelic BRCA1 mutations c.181T > G (p.Cys61Gly) and c.5096G > A (p.Arg1699Gln) in a woman with breast cancer diagnosed at the age of 30 years. The common European founder mutation p.Cys61Gly confers high cancer risk, whereas the deleterious p.Arg1699Gln is hypomorphic and was suggested to confer intermediate cancer risk.

Methods and Results

Aside from significant toxicity from chemotherapy, the patient showed mild FA‐like features (e.g., short stature, microcephaly, skin hyperpigmentation). Chromosome fragility, a hallmark of FA patient cells, was not present in patient‐derived peripheral blood lymphocytes. We demonstrated that the p.Arg1699Gln mutation impairs DNA double‐strand break repair, elevates RAD51 foci levels at baseline, and compromises BRCA1 protein function in protecting from replication stress. Although the p.Arg1699Gln mutation compromises BRCA1 function, the residual activity of the p.Arg1699Gln allele likely prevents from chromosome fragility and a more severe FA phenotype.

Conclusion

Our data expand the clinical spectrum associated with biallelic BRCA1 mutations, ranging from embryonic lethality to a mild FA‐like phenotype and no chromosome fragility.
POGZ de novo missense variants in neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Zhao Wenjing , Quan Yingting , Wu Huidan , Han Lin , Bai Ting , Ma Linya , Li Bin , Xun Guanglei , Ou Jianjun , Zhao Jingping , Hu Zhengmao , Guo Hui , Xia Kun
Published: July 2019

Background

De novo likely gene‐disrupting variants of POGZ cause autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability. However, de novo missense variants of this gene were not well explored in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Methods

The single‐molecule molecular inversion probes‐based targeted sequencing method was performed on the proband. Variant was validated using Sanger sequencing in both proband and parents. Immunoblot analysis was performed to examine the expression of POGZ in patient‐derived peripheral blood lymphocytes. Published POGZ de novo missense variants in neuropsychiatric disorders were reviewed.

Results

We detected a novel de novo missense variant in POGZ (c.1534C>A, p.H512N, NM_015100.4) in an individual with ASD. Immunoblot analysis revealed a dramatic reduction in POGZ protein in patient‐derived peripheral blood lymphocytes suggesting a loss‐of‐function mechanism of this de novo missense variant. In addition, we collected and annotated additional eight POGZ de novo missense variants identified in neuropsychiatric disorders from literatures.

Conclusion

Our findings will be beneficial to the functional analysis of POGZ in ASD pathogenesis, and for genetic counseling and clinical diagnosis of patients with POGZ de novo missense variants.
Benserazide Perturbs Kif15‐kinesin Binding Protein Interaction with Prolonged Metaphase and Defects in Chromosomal Congression: A Study Based on in silico Modeling and Cell Culture
Authors: Sebastian Jomon , Rathinasamy Krishnan
Published: July 2019

The interaction of Kif15 with kinesin binding protein (KBP) is critical for its microtubule localization, bundling of kinetochore microtubules and proper alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate. The Kif15‐KBP structure was prepared from the crystal structure of Kif15 and nonhomologous model of KBP through docking. Benserazide was retrieved when we did a screening of the ZINC Drug Database using the pharmacophore model generated from the potential binding site on Kif15 in an effort to identify molecules for repurposing as Kif15 inhibitors. Live cell imaging of HeLa cells revealed that benserazide delayed metaphase to anaphase‐onset by 47±10 min compared to control cells. Benserazide treatment perturbed the kinetochore and microtubule interaction and inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells with an IC50 of 101 μM with a mitotic block of 12 %. It did not bind to tubulin in the in vitro assays suggesting that the observed effects could be due to its perturbation of Kif15‐KBP interaction.
On some new variational problems for image denoising
Authors: Amat Sergio , Busquier Sonia , Ruiz Juan , Trillo Juan Carlos , Zouaoui Sofiane
Published: July 2019

This paper is devoted to image denoising problems using multiresolution schemes related to variational problems. We start with the linear approach of Donoho and Johnstone, that is related to a well known diffusion‐type variational problem. In order to improve the behavior of this approach, we propose some new nonlinear variational problems more adapted to the problem of denoising. Moreover, the discretization is performed using nonlinear multiresolution schemes. In particular, we obtain some fast and well adapted schemes for the considered problem of denoising.
Education campaign and family understanding affect stability and qualitative behavior of an online game addiction model for children and youth in Thailand
Authors: Viriyapong Ratchada , Sookpiam Monthicha
Published: July 2019

Online game addiction has become a large problem worldwide, and it could give negative impacts on children in many ways such as physical health, learning, emotion, and behavior. Online game addiction is mostly found in children and youth at the age of 15 to 24 years. Therefore, in this paper, we have developed a mathematical model of online game addiction to explore the effects of education campaign and family understanding on online game addiction in Thailand. Analysis of this model reveals two main equilibria, addiction‐free (AFE) and addiction‐present (APE) ones. Results show that the AFE is locally asymptotically stable when the value of basic reproduction number (R0) is less than the unity; otherwise, there is a unique endemic equilibrium point, and it is locally stable when satisfies the Routh‐Hurwitz criterion. Further, the conditions of AFE to be globally stable are demonstrated. Finally, the results of sensitivity analysis and numerical simulation show that the effectiveness of both education campaign and family understanding is an important factor in reducing the value of R0 and holds great promise for lowering the number of children and youth who addict to online game in Thailand.
Spreading and vanishing in a diffusive intraguild predation model with intraspecific competition and free boundary
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Dai Binxiang
Published: July 2019

This paper is concerned with the spreading and vanishing phenomena in a diffusive intraguild (IG) predation model with intraspecific competition and free boundary in one dimensional space. The main objective is to obtain the asymptotic behavior of spread of an invasive or new IG prey species via a free boundary. In two cases, we prove a spreading‐vanishing dichotomy for this model, specifically, the IG prey species either successfully spreads to infinity as t→∞ at the front and survives in the new environment or spreads within a bounded area and dies out in the long run. The long time behavior of (R,N,P) and criteria for spreading and vanishing are also obtained. And then, we estimate the asymptotic spreading speed of the free boundary when spreading happens. Besides, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the impacts of initial occupying area and expanding capability on the free boundary.
Finite‐time synchronization of a class of N‐coupled complex partial differential systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Xia Wenhua , Luo Yiping , Zhou Bifeng
Published: July 2019

This study examines finite‐time synchronization for a class of N‐coupled complex partial differential systems (PDSs) with time‐varying delay. The problem of finite‐time synchronization for coupled drive‐response PDSs with time‐varying delay is similarly considered. The synchronization error dynamic of the PDSs is defined in the q‐dimensional spatial domain. We construct a feedback controller to achieve finite‐time synchronization. Sufficient conditions are derived by using the Lyapunov‐Krasoviskii stability approach and inequalities technology to ensure that the proposed networks achieve synchronization in finite time. The proposed systems demonstrate extensive application. Finally, an example is used to verify the theoretical results.
Ultra‐wideband crossover with a reversed polarity channel designed with normalized Euclid distance for fast pulse transmission
Authors: Zhang Qiuyi , Li Shunli , Yang Mei , Yin Xiaoxing , Zhao Hongxin , Liu Leilei
Published: July 2019

An ultra‐wideband pulse crossover with a reversed polarity channel is proposed, and a time‐domain analysis is utilized to design the crossover and estimate its performance. Two crossed channels are designed based on post‐wall slotline (PWS) and conventional slotline, and one of the two channels provides an output with reversed polarity. At the overlapping region, the PWS degrades to slotline on single layer to improve isolation between channels. Normalized Euclid distance of short pulses is utilized to evaluate the isolating and polarity reversing features of the crossover, and the matrices of normalized Euclid distance are then obtained and applied to the design procedure. The proposed crossover are modeled and fabricated for simulation and measurement, and the simulated and measured results agree well. Minimum of return loss and isolation is more than 12 dB within an ultra‐wide bandwidth from DC to 8.5 GHz. Moreover, in time domain, the proposed crossover shows good performance in pulse transmission, including high fidelity and amplitude ratio of input and output signals. The characteristics of the crossover indicate the practicability in short pulse application, and rectangular pulse transmission performance is evaluated to verify the ability.
Dual band modified circular ring shaped slot antenna for GSM and WiMAX applications
Authors: Gangwar Som Pal , Gangwar Kapil , Kumar Arun
Published: July 2019

In this article, a modified circular ring shaped slot antenna is presented for dual‐band wireless applications. Dual frequency bands are achieved by combining the circular ring shaped slot with U‐shaped slot. Analysis of proposed radiator has been carried out on HFSS EM simulator. For experimental verification, the prototype of proposed radiator is fabricated and tested. Experimental results confirm that the proposed radiator operates over dual frequency bands, that is, 1.69 to 1.94 GHz and 3.64 to 3.88 GHz with the impedance bandwidth of 14.1% and 6.4%, respectively. Far‐field features of proposed radiator are stable and confirm its better performance in between dual frequency range. The proposed antenna can be used for global system for mobile (GSM) (1.8 GHz) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) (3.7 GHz) applications.
Technical Note: Sheet‐based dynamic beam attenuator – A novel concept for dynamic fluence field modulation in x‐ray CT
Authors: Huck Sascha Manuel , Fung George S. K. , Parodi Katia , Stierstorfer Karl
Published: July 2019

Purpose

It has been a long‐standing wish in computed tomography (CT) to compensate the emitted x‐ray beam intensity for the patient's changing attenuation during the rotation of a CT data acquisition. The patient attenuation changes both spatially, along the fan beam angle, and temporally, between different projections. By modifying the pre‐patient x‐ray intensity profile according to the attenuation properties of the given object, image noise can be homogenized and dose can be delivered where it is really needed. Current state‐of‐the‐art bowtie filters are not capable of changing attenuation profiles during the CT data acquisition. In our work, we present the sheet‐based dynamic beam attenuator (sbDBA), a novel technical concept enabling dynamic shaping of the transmission profile.

Methods

The sbDBA consists of an array of closely spaced, highly attenuating metal sheets, focused toward the focal spot. Intensity modulation can be achieved by controlled defocusing of the array such that the attenuation of the x‐ray fan beam depends on the fan angle. The sbDBA concept was evaluated in Monte‐Carlo (MC) simulations regarding its spectral and scattering properties. A prototype of the sbDBA was installed in a clinical CT scanner and measurements evaluating the feasibility and the performance of the sbDBA concept were carried out.

Results

Experimental measurements on a CT scanner demonstrate the ability of the sbDBA to produce an attenuation profile that can be changed in width and location. Furthermore, the sbDBA shows constant transmission properties at various tube voltages. A small effect of the flying focal spot (FFS) position on the transmission profile can be observed. MC simulations confirm the essential properties of the sbDBA: In contrast to conventional bowtie filters, the sbDBA has almost no impact on the energy spectrum of the beam and there is negligible scatter emission toward the patient.

Conclusions

A new concept for dynamic beam attenuation has been presented and its ability to dynamically shape the transmission profile has successfully been demonstrated. Advantages compared to regular bowtie filters including the lack of filter‐induced beam hardening and scatter have been confirmed. The novel concept of a DBA paves the way toward region of interest (ROI) imaging and further reductions in patient dose.
Flexible bodies—Restricted lives: A qualitative exploratory study of embodiment in living with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type
Authors: Sætre Elisabeth , Eik Hedda
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore embodiment as a meaning‐making experience in the daily life of Norwegian adults living with joint hypermobility syndrome/Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, hypermobility type (JHS/EDS‐HT). The work of Drew Leder and his distinction between bodily dis‐ and dys‐appearance contributes to the description and analysis of individuals' bodily experiences of living with this chronic illness.

Methods

An explorative and qualitative design was applied to in‐depth interviews with seven participants. The theoretical framework was phenomenological, and the method of analysis was thematic, involving descriptive and interpretative approaches.

Results

Participants' bodily experiences were closely connected to a timeline viewing their illness in the past, the present and from future perspectives. The following central themes emerged from the data: (a) visible to invisible signs of a former body; (b) standing up and falling down of a present body; and (b) future thoughts of an inner and outer body.

Conclusions

The study found that living with JHS/EDS‐HT revealed complex experiences of having flexible bodies and restricted lives. Our findings also showed a meaning‐making process of embodied experiences that evolved over time, as well as a sliding transition from social to personal dys‐appearance. In the course of time, a bodily disruptions in social interactions comes to the fore, with invisible symptoms such as pain and fatigue. Individual bodily suffering determines the existence of hope or hopelessness regarding recovery from this condition.
An OLED Taillight Revolution: From Point Light Sources to Segmented Area Light Sources
Authors: Kruppa Michael , Thomas Werner , Huhn Wolfgang
Published: July 2019

OLEDs have been applied in automotive taillamp applications since 2016, and as they overcome their biggest obstacles—including reliability and cost—they are ready for a larger rollout.
Building an Ecosystem for 8K
Authors: Dickson Glen
Published: July 2019

The consumer electronics industry has big plans for 8K—and a host of complex delivery challenges that stand in its way. A recent summit of content creators, set makers, retail partners, and others in the supply chain laid out the ongoing issues as well as some new opportunities. Here's a look at what they said and some of the innovations shown to accelerate 8K TV adoption.
An intelligent response surface method for analyzing slope reliability based on Gaussian process regression
Authors: Zhu Bin , Pei Huafu , Yang Qing
Published: July 2019

Problems in geotechnical engineering inevitably involve many uncertainties in the analysis. Reliability methods are important for evaluating slope stability and can take the uncertainties into consideration. In this paper, a novel intelligent response surface method is proposed in which a machine learning algorithm, namely Gaussian process regression, is used to approximate the high‐dimensional and highly nonlinear response hypersurface. An iterative algorithm is also proposed for updating the response surface dynamically by adding the new training point nearest to the limit state surface to the initial training database at each step. The proposed Gaussian process response surface method is used to analyze three different case studies to assess its validity and efficiency. Direct Monte Carlo simulation is also carried out in each case to serve as the benchmark. Comparing with other methods confirms the accuracy and efficiency of the novel intelligent response surface method, which requires fewer performance function calls and avoids the need to normalize the correlative non‐normal variables.
Estimation of cellular‐interstitial water exchange in dynamic contrast enhanced MRI using two flip angles
Authors: Zhang Jin , Kim Sungheon Gene
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To investigate the feasibility of using multiple flip angles in dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI to reduce the uncertainty in estimation of intracellular water lifetime (τi).

Methods

Numerical simulation studies were conducted to assess the uncertainty in estimation of τi using dynamic contrast enhanced MRI with one or two flip angles. In vivo experiments with a murine brain tumor model were conducted at 7T using two flip angles. The in vivo data were used to compare τi estimation using the single‐flip‐angle (SFA) protocol with that using the double‐flip‐angle (DFA) protocol. Data analysis was conducted using the two‐compartment exchange model combined with the three‐site‐two‐exchange model for water exchange.

Results

In the numerical simulation studies with a range of contrast kinetic parameters and signal‐to‐noise ratio = 20, the median bias of τi estimation decreased from 72 ms with SFA to 65 ms with DFA, and the corresponding median inter‐quartile range reduced from 523 ms to 156 ms. In the in vivo studies, τi estimation with SFA was not successful in most voxels in the tumors, as the estimated τi values reached the upper limit of the parameter range (2 s). In contrast, the estimated τi values with DFA were mostly between 0.2 and 1.5 s and homogeneously distributed spatially across the tumor. The τi estimation with DFA was less sensitive to arterial input function scaling but more sensitive to pre‐contrast T1 than the other contrast kinetic parameters.

Conclusion

This study results demonstrate the feasibility of using multiple flip angles to encode the post‐contrast time‐intensity curve with different weighting of water exchange effect to reduce the uncertainty in τi estimation.
Maximum‐norm a posteriori error bounds for a collocation method applied to a singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion problem in three dimensions
Authors: Radojev Goran , Linß Torsten
Published: July 2019

Collocation with triquadratic C1‐splines for a singularly perturbed reaction–diffusion problem in three dimension is studied. A posteriori error bound in the maximum norm is derived for the collocation method on arbitrary tensor‐product meshes which is robust in the perturbation parameter. Numerical results are presented that support our theoretical estimate.
Synthesis of intrinsically flame‐retardant copolyamides and their employment in PA6‐fibers
Authors: Mourgas Georgios , Giebel Elisabeth , Bauch Volker , Schneck Tanja , Unold Joerg , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: July 2019

Flame‐retarded polyamide 6.6 (FR‐PA6.6) was prepared by the cocondensation of hexamethylene diammonium adipate (AH‐salt) with the corresponding salts of hexamethylene diamine and two different organophosphorus compounds, namely, 3‐hydroxyphenylphosphinylpropanoic acid (3‐HPP, 1) and 9,10‐dihydro‐10‐[2,3‐di (hydroxycarbonylpropyl]‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DDP, 2). The incorporation of the phosphorus comonomers and the thermal and physical properties of the resulting copolyamides have been studied. The phosphorus‐modified FR‐PA6.6 possesses high relative viscosities of 2.0 to 2.4, good thermal stability, and was used for the production of polyamide blends by merging FR‐PA6.6 with commercial PA6. This offered access to flame‐retarded PA6 multifilaments, which possess tensile strengths up to 0.7 GPa and elastic moduli up to 6.2 GPa. Knitted fabrics of FR‐PA6 exhibit high limiting oxygen index (LOI) values between 36 and 38 and executed burning tests demonstrate that the incorporation of phosphorus‐based comonomers improve flame retardancy significantly. The approach presented here offers a straightforward access to effective flame retardancy in nylon 6.
Diabetes induces myeloid bias in bone marrow progenitors associated with enhanced wound macrophage accumulation and impaired healing
Authors: Barman Pijus K , Urao Norifumi , Koh Timothy J
Published: July 2019

Diabetes induces dysregulation throughout the spectrum of myeloid lineage cells from progenitors to terminally differentiated cells. Another complication of diabetes is persistent inflammation, including prolonged accumulation of macrophages, which contributes to impaired wound healing. However, it remains unclear whether diabetes disrupts the response of bone marrow progenitors to peripheral injury and whether such dysregulation leads to sustained inflammation and impaired healing. Here, we demonstrated that diabetic mice (db/db, referred to here as DB) exhibit myeloid lineage bias during homeostasis and following injury. In addition, cells in the LSK (Lin−Sca‐1+cKit+) population of DB mice are preprogrammed towards myeloid commitment at the transcriptional level, and cultured myeloid progenitors from DB mice produce more monocytes ex vivo than their non‐diabetic counterparts. We also show via bone marrow transfer between interleukin‐1 receptor 1 KO (Il1r1−/−) and DB mice that IL‐1R1 signaling is likely not involved in myeloid skewing in DB mice. Furthermore, in vitro experiments indicated that macrophage colony‐stimulating factor receptor signaling is not likely involved in enhanced myeloid transcription factor expression in LSK cells of DB mice. Our findings indicate that myeloid lineage commitment in bone marrow may contribute to increased macrophage numbers observed in diabetic skin wounds, and that strategies to regulate monopoiesis during homeostasis or post‐wounding may improve diabetic wound healing. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of flexible, free‐standing, and easy‐fabricating BaTiO3‐P(VDF‐CTFE) dielectric nanocomposite
Authors: Tong Yang , Li Leyi , Liu Jiachen , Li Yugui
Published: July 2019

The flexible and free‐standing nanocomposite films were fabricated by a simple solution‐casting process using BaTiO3 nanoparticles as fillers and P(VDF‐CTFE) 91/9 mol% as polymer matrix. To obtain good wettability between ceramic and polymer, the coupling agent 3‐Aminopropyltriethoxysilane was used to modify the surface of BaTiO3 fillers. A good compatibility of BaTiO3 and P(VDF‐CTFE) was achieved when a small amount of coupling agent was used for the surface modification of BaTiO3 fillers; therefore, the nanocomposites with a dense and uniform microstructure was obtained. It was experimentally found that both dielectric constant and breakdown strength were increased with a suitable amount of coupling agent due to the good compatibility. A dielectric constant of 51 at 1 kHz was obtained with 30 vol% fillers and 2 wt% coupling agent, which was about four times of that for the pure P(VDF‐CTFE) film. When an appropriate amount of coupling agent was coated on fillers, the energy storage density of the composite system was improved. A maximal discharge energy‐storage density of 3.8 J/cm3 was obtained for the nanocomposite film with 5 vol% of BaTiO3 and 2 wt% coupling agent, which is much higher than that of the composites without coupling agent.
Prenatal genetic considerations of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)
Authors: Talati Asha N. , Webster Carolyn M. , Vora Neeta L.
Published: July 2019

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) constitute 20% of all congenital malformations occurring in one in 500 live births. Worldwide, CAKUT are responsible for 40% to 50% of pediatric and 7% of adult end‐stage renal disease. Pathogenic variants in genes causing CAKUT include monogenic diseases such as polycystic kidney disease and ciliopathies, as well as syndromes that include isolated kidney disease in conjunction with other abnormalities. Prenatal diagnosis most often occurs using ultrasonography; however, further genetic diagnosis may be made using a variety of testing strategies. Family history and pathologic examination can also provide information to improve the ability to make a prenatal diagnosis of CAKUT. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of genetic considerations in the prenatal diagnosis of CAKUT disorders. Specifically, we discuss monogenic causes of CAKUT, associated ultrasound characteristics, and considerations for genetic diagnosis, antenatal care, and postnatal care.
Personality profiles as potential targets for intervention: Identification and replication
Authors: Clark Lee Anna , Nuzum Hallie , Shapiro Jaime L. , Vanderbleek Emily N. , Daly Elizabeth J. , Simons Anne D. , Ro Eunyoe
Published: July 2019

The alternative dimensional model of personality disorder (PD) diagnosis, based on personality‐functioning impairment and pathological traits, opens the door for tailoring treatments to individuals with more homogeneous personality profiles than diagnostic categories. Such a transdiagnostic PD treatment approach requires robust, replicable, personality‐relevant dimensions, which we found using a large battery of self‐report measures: Self‐pathology and negative affectivity (NA) traits, interpersonal pathology and detachment traits, and interpersonal pathology and antagonism traits. Using these dimensions, we identified three groups that had, respectively, elevations on (1) all three dimensions, (2) self‐pathology/NA (with/without interpersonal–pathology elevation(s)) and (3) either or both interpersonal‐pathology dimensions, without elevated self‐pathology/NA. Using the same personality‐functioning measures and a half‐overlapping trait set, we replicated these profiles in an additional sample. Interview‐based measures of functioning and personality pathology provided external validity evidence for the method, suggesting it represents a critical first step towards treatment research targeting transdiagnostic processes rather than diagnoses. For example, two groups might benefit from treatments focused, respectively, on emotional dysregulation and interpersonal relations, whereas the multiple‐problem group may need a sequenced treatment approach. Research is needed to test these hypotheses and to expand the method to include a wider range of pathological personality traits. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing Branched Deoxybenzoin Polyesters as Polymeric Flame Retardants
Authors: Stubbs Elizabeth , Brown Moira , Steele Anna , Song Cheng , Emrick Todd
Published: July 2019

AB2 monomers present opportunities to conduct one‐pot syntheses of highly branched or “hyperbranched” polymers, which are known for their distinct physical and chemical properties relative to linear polymers. This paper describes the synthesis of a deoxybenzoin‐containing AB2 monomer and its use in step‐growth polymerization to prepare branched aromatic polyesters. Highly soluble deoxybenzoin polymers were obtained with degrees of branching reaching 0.36 and estimated molecular weights approaching 20 kDa. The phenolic chain ends of the polymer allowed for post‐polymerization modification by silylation and esterification chemistry. TGA and microscale combustion calorimetry revealed these novel aromatic polyesters to possess the critically important characteristics of flame‐retardant polymers, such as high char yield and low heat release. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1765–1770