bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Soft Power” nas estratégias de projeção internacional adotadas pelo Qatar:
Authors: Gomes Raul Nogueira Cortez , De Mendonça Raquel Santos , Parisi Rosangela Cannata , Da Costa Júnior João Florêncio
Published: November 2024

Nos últimos anos, o Qatar vem buscando projetar-se no cenário internacional, com o propósito de assumir um papel de destaque e relevância frente a outros Estados vizinhos, procurando inserir-se como mediador diplomático de conflitos regionais, e investindo em diversos setores, como esporte, mídia e educação. De modo a investigar esse fenômeno e em que medida o Qatar utiliza o soft power para a obtenção desses objetivos, o presente estudo utilizou-se da revisão sistemática de literatura, articulado em um protocolo de pesquisa, para realizar o mapeamento dos artigos sobre o tema e a categorização das informações encontradas. Os resultados relatados nos artigos foram separados em três aspectos: culturais, esportivos e política externa. Em virtude da escassez, em língua portuguesa, do estudo do tema, almeja-se, com o presente estudo, oferecer uma agenda de pesquisa para investigações posteriores, com a possibilidade do enfoque em diferentes tópicos dentro da temática.
Psychiatric Comorbidities of Childhood-onset Atopic Dermatitis in Relation to Eczema Severity: A Register-based Study among 28,000 Subjects in Finland
Authors: Blanco Sequeiros Amanda , Sinikumpu Suvi-Päivikki , Jokelainen Jari , Huilaja Laura
Published: November 2024

Data on the severity of childhood-onset atopic dermatitis (AD) in relation to psychiatric comorbidities is scarce, even though AD predisposes to psychiatric comorbidities and the commonness of childhood-onset AD and its significance in disease progression are recognized. The purpose of this nationwide, register-based study of child patients diagnosed with AD in Finland between 1987 and 2017 was to determine how psychiatric comorbidities of AD patients differ depending on the disease severity of childhood-onset AD. AD severity was assessed by purchased AD treatment and risk of comorbidities was analyzed by the age of 18 and 30 years.
The main finding of our study is that risk of several psychiatric disorders, i.e., depression, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder, increased by the AD severity in childhood-onset AD already at young age. No difference was found for behavioral disorders, including hyperkinetic disorder, depending on AD severity. Childhood-onset AD is associated with different psychiatric comorbidities depending on AD severity, which supports the importance of mental health evaluation in AD patients.
Kontakty między terenami Serbii i Bośni a Europy środkowej w epoce brązu z perspektywy badań nad wymianą bursztynu
Authors: Cwaliński Mateusz
Published: November 2024

The presented article is a contribution to the topic of amber circulation in Europe during the Bronze Age. Its main goal is to explain, based on archival and new data obtained in the course of the latest research, the issue of the origin and routes of influx of amber to the Central Balkans in the middle of the 2nd millennium BC. The discussion focuses on a group of amber finds from the contemporaryBosnian-Serbian borderland. The provenance analyses carried out so far prove that the amber found there is of Baltic origin. Observations from the typological overview of amber artefacts, as well as bronze and ceramic finds cooccurring with them, have been compared with the results of recent analyses of the origin of copper and tin used in the production of bronze. Based on these observations, it can be concluded that amber reached the Central Balkans via the Tumulus Culture communities from Central Europe and the Carpathian Basin along the exchange routes of raw metals and bronze products.
Dekorowane naczynia z tykwy kultury Wari, Peru
Authors: Rudnicka Emanuela
Published: November 2024

The subject of the present study is pre-Columbian pyro-engraved gourd vessels (mates pirograbados) discovered at Castillo de Huarmey – a necropolis of the Wari Empire elites located on the Pacific coast of present-day Peru. The iconographic analysis and further iconological interpretation of the ornamental motifs made it possible to identify distinctive native features and foreign influences indicating an intentional reference to earlier traditions, particularly evident in the depictions of supernatural beings. The entire iconographic system of the gourd vessels from Castillo de Huarmey is thus an expression of the imperial ideology drawing on traditions of sanctioning power previously known on the coast.
Prof. dr hab. Jan Eugeniusz Machnik (20 września 1930 – 7 października 2023)
Authors: Pelisiak Andrzej
Published: November 2024

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Anne Teather, Peter Topping and Jon Baczkowski (red.), Mining and Quarrying in Neolithic Europe: A Social Perspective. Neolithic Studies Group Seminar Papers 16. OXBOW Books, Oxford & Philadelphia 2019, ss. 206 + XVIII, ISBN 978-1-78925-148-7
Authors: Leligdowicz Andrzej
Published: November 2024

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W odpowiedzi na polemikę Przemysława Krajewskiego
Authors: Chmiel-Chrzanowska Marta , Adamczyk Michał
Published: November 2024

The following article is a response to Przemysław Krajewski’s critique of our previous publication concerning Pre-Roman and Roman Iron Ages in the Pyrzyce Lowland Area. The Author focuses on the application of the triangulation method. However, there are numerous inconsistencies, misinterpretations and manipulations based on the author’s assumptions rather than facts. In this short answer we are responding to two groups of arguments, regarding sources and raw data, as well as an application of the method. Some overall remarks on the author’s text are also included.
Prof. dr hab. Zbigniew Bukowski (29 marca 1931 – 25 lipca 2024)
Authors: Minta-Tworzowska Danuta
Published: November 2024

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Om värdet av kritisk forskning och oförutsägbar forskningsnytta inom utbildningsvetenskapen
Authors: Sjögren Hanna
Published: November 2024

Samtida svensk finansiering av utbildningsforskning tenderar att i allt högre utsträckning främja tillämpad och praktiknära forskning, där forskningsfrågor initieras genom samarbeten mellan praktiker och forskare. Även om det finns ett värde i sådan forskning, hävdar författaren till denna essä att tillämpad forskning framför allt kan bidra med kunskap som inte utmanar den nuvarande ordningen. Författaren hävdar vidare att kritisk forskning däremot har potential att bidra till oförutsägbara resultat och värden som inte kan definieras eller fastställas innan forskningen genomförts. På så sätt har kritisk forskning potential att bidra med nytta som går utöver det som på förhand tas för givet, vilket kan öppna för kunskap om underliggande, överraskande och undantryckta aspekter av olika sociala praktiker. Syftet med denna text är att argumentera för den kritiska utbildningsforskningens existensberättigande och nytta genom att introducera och förespråka begreppet oförutsägbar forskningsnytta, som ställs i kontrast till begreppet förutbestämd forskningsnytta.
English abstract
On the Value of Critical Research and Unforeseeable Research Utility in Educational Science
Contemporary educational research funding in Sweden tends to promote applied research, where research questions are initiated through collaborations between practitioners and researchers. Although there is value in such research, the author of this essay argues that applied research contributes foremost with knowledge where the current order of things remains unchallenged. Furthermore, the author argues that critical research might contribute to unpredictable outcomes and values that cannot be defined or established before the research is conducted. In this way, critical research has a potential to contribute with utility that goes beyond the taken for granted, which might open for acknowledging the underlying, surprising, morbid, and abject aspects of social practices. The purpose of this text is thus to defend the raison d’être and utility of critical educational research by introducing and advocating the concept of unpredictable research utility, which is contrasted with the concept predetermined research utility.
Comparison of Different Antibiotic Alternatives for Safe Broiler Production
Authors: Tumpa Selina Azmir , Begum Maksuda , Jannat Tayeaba , Hossain Md. Elias
Published: November 2024

The use of growth-promoting antibiotics in broiler feed, once widespread, is now recognized as risky due to antibiotic resistance and residue concerns in meat. To mitigate these risks, the goal of this study was to compare different alternative additives like organic acids, neem, enzymes, and probiotics for producing a safe broiler. A total of 360 Cobb-500-day-old broiler chicks were indiscriminately assigned into six treatment groups, i.e., Control (T1), Basal feed + Antibiotic (T2), Basal feed + Organic acid (T3), Basal feed + Enzyme (T4), Basal feed + Probiotic (T5), and Basal feed + Medicinal plant (T6) having four replications of 15 birds in each. During the experiment, significant differences (P < 0.05) in body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the experimental groups were observed only in the 5th week. At the end of the study, the highest BW, BWG, and FCR were found in organic acid, followed by the enzyme, antibiotic, probiotic, neem, and control group. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in BW, BWG, and FI among the dietary groups during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in meat yield (drumstick meat, thigh meat, wing weight, and breast meat), bone development, and dressing parameters were observed among the dietary groups. Supplementation of different additives significantly (P < 0.05) affects cholesterol and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase content, whereas HDL, LDL, triglyceride, GPT, and creatinine were not affected among the groups. The neem and organic acid groups had the lowest cholesterol and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase values, respectively, compared to the others. It can be concluded that supplementing organic acid, probiotics, enzymes, and neem enhanced the growth performance, carcass quality, and blood biochemical profiles of the broilers, potentially serving as antibiotic alternatives. Mainly, the organic acid gives the best results among all the antibiotic alternatives.
Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Flows in a Rice-Growing Basin: The Case of the Maga Production Basin (Cameroon)
Authors: Aguiza Abaï Emmanuel , Ntep François , Ze Bilo’o Philemon , Ombolo Auguste , Hambate Gomdje Valery
Published: November 2024

The availability of irrigation water has favored the development of agriculture in the Maga area, located in the Far North of Cameroon, with rice growing as the dominant agricultural activity. This activity is, however, known as a source of groundwater pollution through the infiltration of substances contained in inputs used for soil fertilization. The present study is a contribution to the analysis of the sources of contamination of the waters of the Maga rice basin by nitrogen and phosphate mineral compounds as well as the spatial distribution of these compounds. The monitoring of a network of fifteen wells and boreholes covering the rice-growing area during six campaigns made it possible to carry out the physicochemical characterization of subsurface and groundwater. The results obtained reveal that nitrates (NO3−) are present in water in low quantities, with averages per campaign ranging from 9.01 mg/L to 20.31 mg/L. On the other hand, ammonium (NH4+) and phosphates (PO43−) are in significant concentration. Their averages are of the order of 2.62 mg/L to 4.51 mg/L and then 0.65 mg/L to 5.58 mg/L for ammonium and phosphates, respectively. Mineral fertilizers used for soil amendment and degradation of organic matter, as well as the hydrolysis of minerals contained in the soil, contribute to the mineralization of water in the study area.
Методологическое обеспечение для решения задач обнаружения очагов возгорания на основе средств технического зрения в масштабе времени, близком к реальному
Authors: Абрамов Николай , Емельянова Юлия , Талалаев Александр , Фраленко Виталий , Хачумов Вячеслав , Хачумов Михаил , Шишкин Олег , Шустова Мария
Published: November 2024

Представлены основные результаты, полученные в ИПС им. А.К.Айламазяна РАН в рамках выполнения проекта РНФ № 22-11-20001 (2022-2024гг) «Разработка алгоритмического и программного обеспечения интеллектуальной системы обнаружения очагов возгорания на основе средств технического зрения в масштабе времени, близком к реальному» и гранта в форме субсидии из областного бюджета организациям Ярославской области. Тематика исследований соответствует приоритетному направлению «Охрана окружающей среды; мониторинг и прогнозирование состояния биотехносферы региона», поддерживаемому Правительством Ярославской области. Принимая во внимание масштабы возгораний полей и лесов в регионах РФ, включая Ярославскую область в последние годы, созданы современные алгоритмы, методы и средства мониторинга состояния полей и лесных массивов в рамках интеллектуальной технологии, в том числе с целью предупреждения, раннего обнаружения и оперативного реагирования на возникновение возгораний и пожаров. Даны рекомендации по применению методологического обеспечения профильными организациями Ярославского региона, осуществляющие мониторинг лесных территорий. Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22-11-20001, https://rscf.ru/project/22-11-20001/ и гранта в форме субсидии из областного бюджета организациям Ярославской области.
Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of a Combined Cycle Power Plant Utilizing Natural Gas and Biogas from Cattle Manure Co-firing in South Central Timor
Authors: Sigiro Hebert Arthur , Akbar Muhammad Dzaki , Josia Handrata Roy , Setyanto Agustinus Yudhistira Wicaksono
Published: November 2024

The low electrification ratio in East Nusa Tenggara, particularly in South Central Timor Regency, poses a significant issue. Despite reaching an electrification rate of 92.33%, efforts to achieve 100% are ongoing. South Central Timor as one of the largest cattle farming areas in Indonesia, with its large grasslands and dry climate ideal for cattle farming, has substantial biogas potential from beef cattle manure through anaerobic digestion. Biogas from beef cattle manure has a net calorific value of 18.36 MJ/kg. Based on projections for 2027 using best fit regression, the average daily manure production capacity from 260,217 cattle in South Central Timor is 7.55 kilotons, which is equivalent to approximately 301,852 m3 of biogas. A small-scale combined cycle power plant (CCPP) is proposed to capitalize on this, with a capacity of 20.73 MW and a net thermal efficiency of 55.33%. The plant’s fuel mix will consist of 30% biogas and 70% natural gas by mass, with a fuel mass flow rate of 1 kg/s. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV) obtained from the economic calculations are Rp1,126.76/kWh, 9.62%, and 222 billion IDR with assumptions of a 20-year plant lifetime, an electricity selling price of Rp1,352/kWh, and a discount rate of 6%. The plant is expected to reduce carbon emissions by 61 kilotons annually, while creating new job opportunities in the energy, livestock, and logistics sectors.
The function of ensuring the climate policy of the state: the experience of foreign and international legal regulation
Authors: Kaminska N. V.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to reveal the nature of the function of ensuring the climate policy of the state, its characteristics, as well as the experience of foreign and international legal regulation. Emphasis is placed on approaches to understanding the nature of this function through the prism of existing international and European standards, climate policy of the European Union and its provision in member states. It is important to study the regulatory framework, institutional implementation mechanisms, consideration of threats and challenges to climate security, strategies for climate neutrality and national energy and climate plans agreed with it, etc.
Attention was drawn to the need for proper implementation of the Paris Agreement, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Global Sustainable Development Goals by 2030; The green course defined by the European Green Agreement and Regulation (EU) 2021/1119 on establishing the basis for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulations (EU) No. 401/2009 and 2018/19995; The Hydrogen Strategy for a climate-neutral Europe, the Framework Strategy of the EC for the Sustainable Energy Union with a long-term policy to prevent climate change, other acts in the direction of revealing the potential and implementing the function under study. The foreign experience of its regulation and implementation was analyzed, in particular in Ireland, Germany, Italy, Spain, Greece, the Netherlands, and the People’s Republic of China.
A conclusion was made about the need to improve the conceptual and categorical apparatus in this direction, taking into account the existing international legal acts and the national legislation of individual states, in particular, in terms of clarification and correlation of the function of ensuring the climate policy of the state, the climate function of the state, the function of ensuring the climate security of the state and oth. Prospective directions for further scientific research in this area have been determined, in particular, the mechanism of implementation of the function of ensuring the climate policy of the state, the specifics of the function of ensuring the climate security of the state, the climate policy of the European Union, climate migration and climate finance, climate taxes, сlimate justice, public control of the implementation of the function of ensuring the climate policy of the state etc.
The current state of global research of intellectual property as a prerequisite for its valuable and legal recognition
Authors: Kotenko M. V.
Published: November 2024

In the work, the author focuses on the relevance of the research topic, the purpose of which is the analysis and generalization of the current state of worldview research on intellectual property as a prerequisite for its value-legal knowledge. It is emphasized that the relevance of the topic of this scientific work is primarily proven by the existing, including in legal science, shortage of scientific studies in which scientists would analyze and summarize the doctrinal views on the phenomenon of intellectual property, especially its value-legal aspects. The topic of this scientific article is also important, taking into account the considerable volume of intellectual property research that has already been conducted, which will allow us to form the methodological basis of research work and determine the place of its value-legal aspects in these studies. It is concluded that domestic science is represented by single scientific studies, in which the generalization of scientific developments of intellectual property would be carried out. In domestic science, some aspects of the state of scientific research of intellectual property are episodically revealed in the works of such scientists as V. Virchenko, H. Demydenko, A. Kodinets, O. Kulinich, O. Orlyuk, V. Senyuta, and others. However, the topic of this work has not yet received adequate scientific research. It is noted that the phenomenon of intellectual property is multidisciplinary, since various aspects of intellectual property are the subject of scientific research of various sciences, primarily social sciences. And this is not accidental, since intellectual property plays an important role in various fields of scientific activity, ensuring the implementation of scientific activity. The study of any spheres of social life, by its very nature, involves the implementation of intellectual activity, the potential result of which will be the creation of intellectual property objects. A critical analysis of intellectual property research at the worldview level allowed the author to come to the conclusion that today in legal science scientific research on intellectual property is presented quite widely and reflected in numerous scientific works of both domestic and foreign scientists. The above indicates a rather detailed analysis of various legal aspects of intellectual property, both historical and theoretical, as well as industry-related topics. However, characterizing the available scientific works as a whole, it is worth noting their cumulative nature, which in essence are created and developed according to the cumulative principle, lacking systematicity and sequence of development.
The rights of conscious androids: framework and ethical hypothetical dilemmas in a cyber society
Authors: Kravchuk S. M.
Published: November 2024

With the development of technology and artificial intelligence, the issue of the rights of conscious androids is becoming increasingly relevant. The notion of androids with consciousness raises numerous ethical and legal issues that require careful theoretical analysis. This article discusses possible legal frameworks for conscious androids and ethical dilemmas that may arise in cyber society. One of the main ethical dilemmas is the rights of androids. Philosophical approaches to this issue vary: some theories argue that rights should be granted only to living beings, while others believe that moral obligations can extend to artificial life forms. Other important dilemmas include dignity, responsibility, existential risks, security and control, resources and energy, ecological methods of disposal, etc.
The integration of conscious androids into society could have a significant impact on social structures. They can fulfill a variety of roles, from home assistants to medical professionals. This will lead to numerous changes, which will result not only in numerous realized dreams of humanity, but also in the emergence of new threats. It is important to develop new and effective legal mechanisms and boundaries to avoid negative consequences. Currently, there are no specific legal provisions that would regulate the rights of conscious androids. In most countries, androids are considered the property of their creators. However, with the development of technology, the need to change the law is becoming more and more apparent. As humanity moves towards cybernetics, it is still determined to take control of the future balance of interests to maintain equilibrium and realize its dream of peaceful coexistence of different forms of existence, including artificial ones and those created by its own design.
The rights of conscious androids in cyber society are a complex and multifaceted issue that requires a comprehensive analysis. Its ethical, legal, social and technological aspects are interrelated and require a comprehensive approach. In the future, with the development of technology, the need to define the rights of androids will become even more urgent. Society must prepare for these changes.
Military justice in the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic
Authors: Doroshchuk N. O. , Prus V. Z.
Published: November 2024

The article analyzes the activities of military courts in the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in the context of their independent functioning within the system of the judicial branch of power. In particular, the author defines a three-stage system of military courts, which consisted of 12 field military district courts, 3 regional courts (Lviv, Stanislav and Ternopil military regions) and the Supreme Military Tribunal of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic. The author defines the organizational and legal framework for the operation of military courts and the conduct of court proceedings, in particular, the legal basis for it was the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which remained in force at that time. Special attention is paid to the legal status of judges of military courts: the author defines the educational and qualification requirements for judges, the procedure for appointment and conferment of military ranks, taking office, and taking the oath of a judge (the text of the oath is provided), etc. The article focuses on the practical component of the activities of military courts in the context of military operations and opposition to state-building by the Polish population of Eastern Galicia. Thus, the powers of military courts extended to crimes committed against the state, officials, espionage and terrorist activities, as well as criminal acts of military personnel of the Ukrainian Galician Army. The author analyzes in detail the trial process, including the participation of victims and defendants, the prosecutor and defense counsel, as well as the possibility of introducing a simplified procedure to speed up the trial. The author identifies the peculiarities of sentencing by military courts and the process of execution, especially the death penalty. Separately, it should be noted that the theoretical and legal analysis of the activities of military courts in the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in the article is filled with specific examples of court cases. The key aspect of the manuscript is the authors’ conclusions, which state that the judiciary in the newly created state was an independent branch of government, and military courts in a difficult time for the country worked effectively in the direction of investigation and consideration of criminal cases, ensuring the proper state of law and order in the state, and thus made a significant contribution to the establishment of the Ukrainian state in Eastern Galicia.
Constitution as a category of Roman law
Authors: Peresh I. E. , Bielova M. V.
Published: November 2024

It is indicated that Roman law, as the fundamental basis of modern jurisprudence, continues to arouse considerable interest among scientists and practitioners. Special attention is drawn to the concept of the constitution in the context of Roman law, which played an important role in ancient Rome. The study of the constitution as a category of Roman law allows not only a deeper understanding of the legal thought of antiquity, but also to trace the evolution of this concept to its modern understanding.
This study examines the concept of constitution in the context of Roman law, tracing its evolution from antiquity to the present day. It analyzes the specific understanding of the term «constitutio» in Ancient Rome, which differed from the modern interpretation of constitution as the fundamental law of the state. The role of Roman «constitutions» as various legal acts issued by the emperor and their influence on the formation of modern constitutional theory is explored.
Special attention is paid to the legal system of the Roman Republic, which was based on a combination of unwritten customary law (mos maiorum) and written laws (leges). The significance of the Laws of the Twelve Tables as the «fundamental law» of the Roman republic and their role in establishing the principle of civic equality is analyzed.
The views of ancient philosophers, particularly Aristotle, on the role of the state and its constitutional structure are considered. Cicero’s contribution to the development of state theory, his concept of mixed governance, and ideas that influenced the formation of modern constitutionalism are detailed.
The study traces the transformation of Roman legal and constitutional tradition into the foundation of modern constitutionalism, analyzing the process of adapting Roman concepts to new political and social realities. The importance of balance between the stability of the constitutional order and its ability to adapt to changing conditions, which remains relevant for modern constitutional systems, is emphasized. The work demonstrates how Roman law, without directly creating the modern model of constitutionalism, laid important principles and concepts that became the basis for the development of modern legal and political thought, leading to the formation of democratic institutions and legal systems.
Features of implementation of local self-government in deoccupied territories: perspectives of legal regulation
Authors: Maryniv A. V. , Boyko S. U.
Published: November 2024

The article clarifies the prospects of legal regulation of local self-government in the de-occupied territories; the status of existing proposals for changes to legal regulation in the period up to February 24, 2022 and after that date has been clarified; provided own proposals for legal regulation. It was concluded that it would be useful and promising to take a number of steps to legally ensure the implementation of local self-government based on decoupled theories. First, adopt a separate framework law on the state policy of the transition period, which would define the specifics of the relevant state policy. Secondly, to make changes to the electoral legislation regarding the specifics of holding local elections in the decapitated territories, as well as the corresponding restrictions on the passive right to vote. Thirdly, to make changes to the legislation on the functioning of military administrations for the transitional period (before elections are held and the formation of relevant bodies), to determine the specifics of such formation, issues of finances, etc. Fourth, to pay attention to the issue of personnel reserves, as well as changes to the legislation on service in local self-government bodies in the de-occupied territories. Fifth, the transformation of the very functions and powers of local self-government bodies requires an appropriate response, since a number of issues of public and private law will arise, which cannot be covered by ordinary legal regulation and current powers, which are defined in the Law «On Local Self- Government» (issue transactions, information policy, restoration of destroyed property, etc.). Sixth, a separate issue concerns active suffrage. As you know, the criteria for its implementation are exhaustively defined in Chapter III of the Constitution of Ukraine, and limitations are not allowed at the legislative level. However, in this case, it is probably worth creating a mechanism, even at the constitutional level, for such temporary restrictions, taking into account the doctrine of militant democracy. The world experience of such restrictions is available (for example, the case of Italy after World War II).
Correlation of constitutional-legal and political responsibility of subjects of the election process
Authors: Deshko L. M. , Vasylchenko O. P. , Lotyuk O. S.
Published: November 2024

The article argues the theoretical-methodological and practical significance of the study of the relationship between the constitutional-legal and political responsibility of the subjects of the election process in view of law-making and the constitutional processes that accompany it. It has been established that in the doctrine of constitutional law, there is no unanimity among scientists on the issue of the circle of subjects, the object, the grounds of application, constitutional-legal sanctions, and political responsibility of the subjects of the election process. Attention is focused on the institution of lustration, which has been dynamically developing in Ukraine since 2014, and the fact that although the Law of Ukraine «On the Purification of Power» provides that it or a court decision may prohibit certain natural persons from holding certain positions in state authorities and local self-government bodies, however, this provision does not apply to elected positions. The main features of constitutional, legal and political responsibility in general and of the subjects of the election process in particular are highlighted and analyzed. The decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the case regarding the subordination of acts on the appointment or dismissal of officials from May 7, 2002, in which it used the term constitutional and political responsibility, was analyzed. It is noted that this term was used not to denote the phenomenon when both constitutional and legal responsibility and political responsibility are applied simultaneously, but to denote the phenomenon when a certain type of political responsibility is provided for by the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine. The ratio of constitutional responsibility and political responsibility of the subjects of the election process has been established. Constitutional-legal and political responsibility are specific concepts in relation to social responsibility, which is a generic concept for them. At the same time, these concepts are independent, not derived from each other or components of each other.
Arbitration courts in the justice reform context: constitutional and legal aspect
Authors: Lytvynchuk O.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the issue of arbitration courts in the context of justice reform in Ukraine, particularly in the context of European integration requirements. It is noted that Ukraine has applied for membership in the European Union, which necessitates reforms in the sphere of justice. It is noted that the constitutional and legal aspect of arbitration courts’ activity’s regulating is the key one, since it is through the prism of the constitutional principles of justice, the rule of law and ensuring human rights that alternative justice mechanisms should be considered.
It is found out that the judicial system independence increasing, the right to a fair trial ensuring, the institutions of alternative dispute resolution strengthening, as well as the fight against corruption are the main directions of the reforms.
It is indicated that arbitration courts, as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, can reduce the burden on the state judicial system and ensure a faster and more effective resolution of conflicts. However, their activities must comply with the constitutional principles of independence and impartiality.
The article emphasizes the necessity to improve the legal framework for arbitration of disputes to ensure their effectiveness. It is noted that the integration of arbitration courts into the legal system of Ukraine is crucial for increasing citizens’ trust in justice. It is proposed to develop effective mechanisms of interaction between state and arbitration courts to ensure legal certainty. The potential of arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism can significantly contribute to the relief of state courts and increase access to justice for citizens. However, for the full functioning of arbitration courts, it is necessary to improve legislative regulation, ensure proper control over their activities, and implement mechanisms for their decisions’ execution.
It is emphasized that in order to bring the legislation on arbitration courts in line with modern challenges and standards, its comprehensive revision is necessary. The new draft law should be developed taking into account the provisions of the constitutional reform and aimed at the arbitration proceedings’ efficiency improving.
Countersignature in the constitutional law foreign countries and in Ukraine
Authors: Omelko I.
Published: November 2024

The article clarifies the experience of the constitutionalization of the institution of countersignature in a comparative aspect. Countersignature is an indispensable element of constitutional design in the modern world, as well as a manifestation of the system of checks and balances. This institute allows the head of state and the government to interact in such a way that the implementation of state functions is coordinated and the government takes responsibility for the implementation of decisions and acts of the head of state. At the same time, unfortunately, this institution turned out to be terra incognita for Ukrainian law, moreover, there was a period when it generated state-legal conflicts in the model that began to function after the changes to the Constitution in 2004.
The existence of the institution of countersignature in monarchical and republican countries is established. Within the framework of the republics, parliamentary and mixed (semi-presidential) forms of government are more common. Countersignature refers to acts of the state, which are subject to sealing, as a rule, by the head of the government and the minister to whose sphere of responsibility this act belongs. Moreover, the key criterion for distinguishing the administrative and political model of such a countersignature is the obligation and, so to speak, the formality of the corresponding signature. In the framework of the administrative model, such a signature is mandatory, in the framework of the political model, it is a discretionary right of the relevant head of government and/or relevant minister. Recently, as the analysis of foreign experience shows, a political model is being formed within the democratic countries of Europe. The key role is played by the responsibility of the head of the government and/or relevant minister, which they take for the implementation (implementation) of the relevant act in a certain area.
In the context of Ukraine, a conclusion is made about the unjustified narrowing of the list of acts of the President subject to countersignature in the conditions of the formation of the parliamentary-presidential republic in 2004. In addition, even in those cases when such countersignature occurs, it is rather «administrative» in nature, or gravitates to such a model. That is, binding is a technical obligation of the respective Prime Minister or Minister, and his «responsibility» in this case does not depend in any way on the actual desire to take such responsibility, i.e. it has an imperative-binding nature. Taking into account the European integration aspirations of Ukraine, it is argued that the formation of a political model of countersignature, as well as in the future – a reasonable expansion of the cases when it is mandatory, would be quite appropriate.
Judicial guarantees of human rights in the constitutional acts of Great Britain
Authors: Patalakha I. O.
Published: November 2024

Based on the analysis of the content of specific provisions of constitutional acts that are directly related to the activity of the court (Magna Carta, Habeas Corpus Aсt, Bill of Rights), the author came to the conclusion about their exceptionally important role in the process of establishing and practical implementation of the idea of a fair court first in England, and later in other states focused on democratic values.
The author has proven that the Magna Carta, as a constitutional act of contractual law-making, established legal guarantees of the rights mainly for representatives of the English aristocracy, which served as a limitation of royal power, namely: mandatory requirements for candidates for the position of judge (awareness of the law of the kingdom and the desire to faithfully fulfill it); the exclusive right of the royal courts to administer justice in cases which are subject to the crown; ensuring the implementation of the principle of judicial immunity; the imperative requirement to comply with the terms of judicial proceedings, which are necessary for procedural registration of judgements; prevention of arbitrary accusation of people for committing crimes and the prohibition of ordeals as an element of the in quisition process, which became widespread in the Middle Ages.
The author states that the adoption of the Habeas Corpus Act by the Parliament of England in 1679 marked a new stage in the protection of the rights for the subjects of the English monarch from unjustified criminal prosecution. Unlike the Magna Carta, which guaranteed certain privileges for the aristocracy, the Habeas Corpus procedure proved to be an effective legal guarantee for the protection of the rights of all the king’s subjects, within which everyone was given the opportunity to initiate a judicial review of the legality and reasonableness of the grounds for imprisonment. The author argues that the effectiveness of this procedure was ensured by penal sanctions for judges in the event of their unjustified refusal to issue a Habeas Corpus warrant, as well as officials who neglected such a writ.
The author substantiates that later this procedure was implemented in the legislation of many countries of the world, thus proving its viability and effectiveness as an important legal guarantee of judicial protection of human rights.
He argues that the Bill of Rights of 1689 set the limits to the English king’s power, defining the rights of the Parliament, as well as established legal guarantees designed to prevent the violation of human rights by the court and makes the necessary conditions for criminal justice.
The authority of the state to intervene in the exercise of parental rights (based on the example of Germany)
Authors: Besaha I. V.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the legal mechanisms for establishing state guardianship, specifically full custody of a child, as provided by § 33 of Book VIII of the Social Code regarding the transfer of guardianship rights to the Jugendamt. Particular attention is given to the issue of territorial jurisdiction of the child welfare service, according to § 86 of Book VIII, which depends on the length of time the child has spent in a foster family. The legal consequences for biological parents in cases of parental rights deprivation, as well as their right to participate in the child’s life under § 1666 of the German Civil Code, are analyzed.
Provisions of German law, specifically Book VIII of the Social Code and the German Civil Code, grant state authorities such as the Jugendamt broad powers in matters concerning the residence, education, and medical care of children. German services have the right to intervene in child-rearing and even remove children from the family without a court decision if the child is in danger, which differs significantly from Ukrainian legislation. In Ukraine, state intervention is a last resort, and the protection of parental rights is stronger. In Germany, however, priority is given to the protection of the child, even if it conflicts with parental rights.
The main goal of the study was to explore the scope of the powers of the German child welfare service in matters of establishing custody of a child whose parents have been deprived of their parental rights and to examine the possibility of such parents participating in their child’s upbringing. The results of the analysis showed that the Jugendamt has the legal right to represent the child in all aspects of their life. German legislation allows guardianship authorities to respond effectively to the child’s needs, including constant monitoring of the conditions in the foster family.
German law also provides for the possibility of maintaining contact between biological parents, even if they have been deprived of parental rights (as long as it does not contradict the child’s best interests). Court decisions in such cases are made taking into account the specific circumstances of each case, ensuring a balance between parental rights and the child’s best interests. The research demonstrates that in Germany, priority is given to the child’s well-being over parental rights, as reflected in the broad powers of guardianship services and prompt intervention in cases where the child is at risk.
Actual issues of consumer rights protection
Authors: Verbovyi A. O. , Meniv L. D.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the study of current issues of consumer rights protection, which is an important aspect in the context of the modern consumer market. The paper analyzes the main problems faced by consumers in Ukraine, such as the violation of warranty obligations by sellers, as well as the difficulties associated with conducting an independent examination to confirm the fact of inadequate product quality.
The author examines the criteria for quality goods and services, the rights of consumers to quality goods and services, as well as the mechanisms established by law to protect violated consumer rights, including the right to return goods, demand replacement of goods, reduction of the value of goods, free elimination of defects, and the possibility of obtaining compensation for goods of inadequate quality. In addition, the author examines the role of state authorities in the field of consumer protection, which ensure the implementation of the state policy on consumer protection, as well as their role in ensuring proper consumer protection, in particular through inspections and imposing sanctions on violators.
The article examines and draws attention to the impact of technological development in the economic sphere on the rights and obligations of consumers, in particular, the widespread use of non-cash payment methods by consumers, noting their advantages over conventional payment methods.
The article draws attention to the problems arising in the course of trade on the Internet, where consumer protection issues are particularly acute due to the complexity of communication between the consumer and the seller, and also discusses the issues of adaptation of national legislation to the challenges arising from rapid technological development and international standards and practices in the field of consumer protection, which is important in the context of Ukraine’s integration into the European legal area.
The article also analyzes some court decisions and statistical data on the restoration of violated consumer rights due to the purchase of goods and services of inadequate quality.
Based on this analysis, the author highlights the main topical issues, problems and recommendations for improving consumer protection mechanisms, in particular by strengthening control over compliance with the law, improving consumer information and expanding opportunities for effective dispute resolution.