bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TÜRKLERDE BOZKURT SEMBOLÜNE YÜKLENEN ANLAMIN KUTSALLIK BAĞLAMINDA DÖNÜŞÜMÜ
Authors: BALCI Eda , ÖZKUL Osman
Published: December 2020

Bu makalede bozkurdun, çeşitli rollerle geçtiği Türk destanlarından günümüze kimi zaman doğaüstü güçlerle anılması yahut aşkın bir potansiyeli barındırması nedeniyle, Türklerin tarihsel hafızasında kutsallık bağlamında taşıdığı anlam yükü incelenmiştir. Temel olarak doğaüstü güçler atfedilen mitolojik bozkurttan, özgün ve aşkın anlamlarla harmanlanmış modern zamanların siyasal eğilimlerinde sembolleşen ideolojik bozkurda kadar, tüm zamanlar için kesintisiz bir serüven takip edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile, bir kavmin etnik bir unsur olarak sahiplendiği bir sembolün, kutsallık bağlamında teorik, ideolojik, pratik kullanımı ve anlamsal karşılıklarını ortaya koyarak, daha net ve somut bir şekilde anlaşılması ve benzer çalışmalar için yönlendirici bir örnek sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda kaynak taraması ile kutsallık bağlamında ele alınan veriler birbiri ile ilişkilendirilerek, Dilthey’in anlamacı yöntemine başvurularak yorumlama cihetine gidilmiştir. Türk topluluklarının kadim dönemleri, Göktürkler ve İslâm dönemi ile birlikte, yakın dönemde milliyetçi ideoloji, özelde Atatürk ve ele aldığı bozkurt sembolü, ulusçu ideoloji ve ülkücü ideolojinin bir aracı olarak bozkurdun sembolik-ideolojik anlamı irdelenmiş; elde edilen bulgulardan yola çıkılarak, dönemler itibariyle sırasıyla mitolojik / olağan, millî, (menfi); yakın dönemde tümü seküler olmak üzere, millî, etnik çağrışımlı ve etnik “bozkurt motifi” olarak tipleştirmeye gidilmiştir. Anlamacı yaklaşımın kazanımları, Dilthey’in yaklaşımında öne çıkan “tipleştirme” çabası ile bir ön şablonda özetlenerek, somut bir katkı sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Nilai Transaksi Non Tunai Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Indonesia Periode 2014-2018
Authors: Marginingsih Ratnawaty , Sari Imelda
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk dapat melihat pengaruh alat pembayaran non tunai terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia pada periode terbaru. Penelitian di fokuskan pada variabel transaksi non tunai meliputi data penggunaan kartu debit/ATM. kartu kredit dan e-money. untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia dengan indikator nilai Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) pada periode tahun 2014-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder berupa laporan bulanan nilai transaksi kartu debet/ATM, kartu kredit, dan e-money yang diterbitkan oleh Bank Indonesia (BI) dan nilai Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) yang diterbitkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa keseluruhan variabel independen yang digunakan berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap Pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan indikator Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Secara parsial penggunaan kartu debet/ATM, Kartu kredit dan e-money berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia.
ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MELALUI CITRA MEREK DAN PERSEPSI HARGA PADA PT. HUMPUSS TRADING JAKARTA
Authors: Yulianingsih Yulianingsih , Kartini Tini , Kurniawan Dede
Published: December 2020

The research aims to analyze the relationship between brand image and price perception with purchasing decisions at PT. Humpuss Trading, Jakarta. The study population was 140 customers and the number of samples 104 respondents using proportional random sampling technique. The research method used was a survey with a correlational approach consisting of two independent variables namely brand image and price perception and one dependent variable, namely purchasing decisions. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between brand image and purchase decision, there was a positive and significant relationship between price perception and purchase decision, there was a positive and significant relationship between brand image and price perception simultaneously with purchase decisions. Thus it can be concluded that purchasing decisions can be improved through brand image and price perception partially or simultaneously.
Decolorization of dyes from textile wastewater using biochar: a review
Authors: Mamane Hadas , Altshuler Shir , Sterenzon Elizaveta , Vadivel Vinod Kumar
Published: December 2020

The textile industry is one of the largest in many low and middle-income countries, especially in Asia, second only to agriculture. Textile wastewater is discharged into the environment due to the lack of affordable and sustainable solutions to adsorb or remove the dye from the water. Biochar is generated by pyrolysis of organic material from plant waste in low-oxygen conditions, and is considered carbon-negative. Biochar for dye adsorption in textile wastewater effluent was proven to be highly effective. However, adsorption efficiency varies with experimental parameters, therefore there is a gap in application especially in small dye houses. Efforts should be made to find innovative and affordable solution to make the textile industry more sustainable, by developing methods for collection and reuse, recycle and upcycle of textile waste, by reducing the consumption of water, energy and chemicals and by developing methods for treatment of the textile wastewater.
The role of biorefinering research in the development of a modern bioeconomy
Authors: Manzanares Paloma
Published: December 2020

The current economy system is based in an intensive consumption of fossil fuels in a way that severely compromise future of the planet due to the severe consequences in climate change. In this scenario, the development of flexible and integrated biorefineries to produce biofuels and bioproducts from renewable biomass sources represent a key tool to perform the transition from a petroleum-based economy to a novel bioeconomy that looks for a more efficient and sustainable global development. This article analyses: the significance of biomass sources (such as agricultural and woody crops and residues, agro-food and wood processing industries residues and urban wastes) as feedstocks in the biorefinery, the most relevant biorefinering process technologies of the biochemical and thermochemical conversion pathways that are nowadays under development, and the need of further research and innovation effort to eventually achieve the commercialization and application in the market of the different biorefinery products.
Effect of lactase, transglutaminase and temperature on ice cream crystal by a response surface methodology approach
Authors: Pereira Celeide , Schmidt Carla Adriana Pizarro , Kalschne Daneysa Lahis , Carpes Solange Teresinha , Ourique Fabiana , Ferreira Chirle , Grinevicius Valdelucia Maria Alves de Souza , Zibetti André Wüst , Barreto Pedro Luiz Manique , Pedrosa Rozangela Curi , Sant’Anna Ernani Sebastião
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the ice cream crystal content considering the addition of enzymes lactase (0.3% to 0.9%) and transglutaminase (0.6% to 7.4%), employing different incubation temperatures (13 to 47 °C) through a 23 central composite rotatable design (DCCR). The crystals content was estimated by ice cream scattering in blades and the crystals images were obtained with a bright field optical microscope for counting and determining the crystals size using Image J software. All ice cream treatments prepared at 40 oC (T2, T6, and T8) and TA2 treatment (T2 treatment similar formulation) showed small content of crystals if compared with the temperatures of 20 and 30 ºC; it was probably associated with a large presence of air bubbles, fat globules and probably some casein micelles, making them ideal for small crystals agglomeration that form a firmer, smooth and cohesive texture.  Moreover, the combined use of lactase and transglutaminase enzymes in the ice cream is viable, efficient and an easy technology for ice cream production. Furthermore, the use of response surface methodology was effective in selecting the best formulation in relation to desirability features ensuring its use in the ice cream development.
Segurança do paciente frente à pandemia da COVID-19: ensaio teórico-reflexivo
Authors: Báo Ana Cristina Pretto , Amestoy Simone Coelho , Bertoldi Karine , Barreto Luciana Nabinger Menna , Nomura Aline Tsuma Gaedke , Silveira Jeane Cristine de Souza da
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: refletir sobre ações relacionadas à segurança do paciente na pandemia. Metodologia: ensaio teórico-reflexivo, produzido a partir da análise crítica da literatura nacional e internacional sobre segurança do paciente na pandemia do novo Coronavírus. Resultados: a pandemia tem refletido em diversos setores da sociedade e consequentemente na assistencial ao paciente. Como ações relacionadas a segurança do paciente diante do novo Coronavírus, utilizadas e sugeridas por órgãos reguladores e instituições de saúde, destaca-se: revisão de fluxos e protocolos assistenciais; reforço nas metas internacionais de segurança do paciente, como higienização e mãos e comunicação efetiva; utilização de indicadores de qualidade; treinamento de equipes; ações gerenciais; criação de comitês de crise; educação em saúde e demais iniciativas inovadoras.  Considerações finais: a pandemia vem reforçar a importância da segurança do paciente e resgatar ações e estratégias para o cuidado seguro e de qualidade, bem como superar os desafios emergidos.
Decadal climate variability, water availability and cropping: the value of forecast information in South-Central Texas
Authors: Ding J , McCarl BA
Published: December 2020

Decadal climate variability (DCV) phenomena are ocean-based conditions that have climate influences persisting for a decade or more. Few studies have addressed the coupled agricultural and economic implications of these phenomena. Here, we investigate the economic value of DCV information in a South Central Texas case study along with the nature of possible adaptations to the information. To do this we first perform an econometric estimation of DCV impacts on regional crop yields and groundwater recharge. We then expand a regional economic and hydrological model to include DCV information. We find significant DCV impacts on regional aquifer recharge and crop yields for oats, dryland sorghum, and irrigated winter wheat. DCV information has substantial value with perfect information ranging from US$3.79-3.93 million yr-1 plus benefits for springflow protection, while a less perfect forecast is worth $1.47-1.89 million yr-1. We also find DCV adaptations involve changes in crop mix and water use.
Sustainability of CSR on Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Work Engagement and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Iraq
Authors: ISMAEL Ferman , YESILTAS Mehmet
Published: December 2020

In spite of the increase attention on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) which is considered to be a responsible social behavior of a firm towards its stakeholders and environment, the underlying explanation mechanism that could describe this relationship has not been exhaustively investigated, especially in the context of Iraq. Thus, this study developed a theoretical model of moderation and mediation to provide deeper insight on the impact of CSR on the work engagement and organizational behavior. This research is focused on employees in Iraq, with primary data acquired using a structured questionnaire answered by 524 respondents. The study was undertaken to highlight employees’ perception of the different aspects of CSR and their effect on job satisfaction, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behavior. Data analysis was carried out using structural equation modeling, a combination of multiple regression and factor analysis. The study findings explicitly demonstrate that the dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility have a very strong positive effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Work Engagement. In addition, work engagement was found to have direct relationship with organizational citizenship behavior and job satisfaction, while job satisfaction has a direct relationship with organizational citizenship behavior, and mediating/moderating effect on the relationship work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications of our findings were discussed in the study.
O capital cientí­fico do campo da Educação Quí­mica no Estado do Paraná
Authors: Costa Franciellen Rodrigues da Silva , Lorencini Júnior Álvaro , Freire Leila Inês Follmann
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho trata-se de um levantamento preliminar para identificar o volume de capital cientí­fico dos professores universitários da área de Educação Quí­mica das Instituições de Ensino Superior públicas do estado do Paraná. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar quais são os espaços buscados pelos pesquisadores para a socialização dos produtos acadêmicos, e como o volume de capital pode agregar valor simbólico aos agentes sociais deste campo. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo documental com auxí­lio da técnica bibliométrica, pois utiliza documentos (currí­culo Lattes) como ferramenta para mensurar informações ainda não tratadas qualitativamente. Os resultados alcançados indicam a busca por diferentes espaços para as publicações dos produtos acadêmicos, proporcionando aos agentes universitários o acúmulo de capitais simbólicos promovidos pelo capital cientí­fico. Sendo que, tais volumes de capitais propiciam a aquisição de poderes para legitimar as suas ideias e critérios para adentrar naquele campo.
Empirically Modeling the Energy Implications of Cool Roof Retrofits
Authors: Blackhurst Michael
Published: December 2020

The energy effects of roofs have primarily been studied using theoretical models. However, empirical methods are needed for validation or when not all drivers of energy change can be observed. This study used mixed empirical techniques to estimate the impact of whitening existing roofs. Two years of hourly site cooling energy use were collected for 114 homes in Austin, TX. Seven properties selected to have their roofs coated white at no charge, imitating incentive policies. The empirical results are mixed, primarily limited by the small treated sample size. Individual household comparisons generally demonstrate statistically significant impacts of whitening, ranging from 14% to 49.2% reductions in daytime site cooling energy use and a 9.7% increase to a 40.3% decrease in nighttime site cooling energy use. Ordinary least squares regression estimates statistically significant mean daytime reductions of 9.7% but no significant nighttime effects. However, clustering the standard errors by household substantially reduces the significance level. Tweedie regression, which better accommodates slightly inflated zeros in the sample, demonstrates significant daytime and nighttime reductions of 14.3% and 5.5%, respectively. A life-cycle costs analysis using a mix of primary and secondary data explored the secondary benefit of delaying roof replacement resulting from the added protection of the coating material. Absent this delay, whitening would pay for itself in only 41% of simulations with a median net cost of $310 and simple payback of 22 years. Including a benefit to delay roof replacement, the median payback period is 1 year and the median net benefit is $310 across a range of assumptions. However, the benefits of whitening are only robust for older roofs and longer service lives for the coating. For roofs older than 10 years of age, most simulations reflect net benefits if the coating lasts at least 5 years.
Can Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility Reduce Firms’ Idiosyncratic Risk? Evidence From China
Authors: Kong Xiaoran , Pan Yuying , Sun Huaping , Taghizadeh-Hesary Farhad
Published: December 2020

Environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) can be a strategy to increase the transparency of investment information effectively to alleviate information asymmetry. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of ECSR on firms’ idiosyncratic risk. Using the data of A-share listed firms in China and data of Rankins CSR Ratings by developing econometrics models, this study documents that ECSR can significantly reduce the firms’ idiosyncratic risk. This result perpetuates after a series of robustness checks. Besides, the results of conditional analyses reveal that the effect of ECSR is more pronounced for state-owned firms and firms with weaker external monitoring mechanisms and low internal control. Moreover, further evidence suggests that firms with high ECSR show a greater tendency to disclose more information, which reduces the information asymmetry and offers linkages from ESCR to firms’ idiosyncratic risk.
Warmer April Temperatures on Breeding Grounds Promote Earlier Nesting in a Long-Distance Migratory Bird, the Prothonotary Warbler
Authors: Hoover Jeffrey P. , Schelsky Wendy M.
Published: December 2020

Global climate change and warming are altering hemispheric and local weather patterns. Altered weather patterns have great potential to affect the phenology of life history events, such as the initiation of breeding in organisms that reproduce seasonally. Long-distance migratory birds may be particularly challenged by changes in local weather on breeding grounds because they arrive from distant locations and must commence breeding when conditions are appropriate. Here we explore the effects of local temperature on first egg dates and annual productivity in a long-distance Neotropical migratory songbird, the prothonotary warblerProtonotaria citrea. We present results from a 20-year (1994 to 2013) study documenting the detailed nesting activities of a color-marked population (average of 155 individual females each year) of warblers in southern Illinois, United States. The warblers typically arrive in April and start breeding in late April and May in our study system. We tested for an effect of local average April daily temperature and female age on first egg dates, total number of offspring produced per female, and the probability of fledging two broods. We found that warmer April temperatures promoted earlier first egg dates and higher average annual productivity in the warblers. On average, older females had earlier first egg dates than 1-year-old females, but both age groups responded similarly to local April temperatures. The reproductive gains associated with earlier first egg dates in warmer years stemmed from an increased probability of successfully fledging two broods, suggesting that earlier first egg dates do not currently create a mismatch with food (insect) resources. Earliest arrival dates of warblers to the region of our study system were not affected by local April temperatures, suggesting that females vary their first egg date based on conditions they experience/assess after their arrival. Whereas these birds currently adjust the timing of their breeding and actually produce more offspring in warmer years, continued global warming may eventually upset the current balance between arrival dates, food resources, and the commencement of nesting.
Key Modules and Hub Genes Identified by Coexpression Network Analysis for Revealing Novel Biomarkers for Spina Bifida
Authors: Li Zijian , Feng Juan , Yuan Zhengwei
Published: December 2020

Spina bifida is a common neural tube defect (NTD) accounting for 5–10% of perinatal mortalities. As a polygenic disease, spina bifida is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, for which the precise molecular pathogenesis is still not systemically understood. In the present study, we aimed to identify the related gene module that might play a vital role in the occurrence and development of spina bifida by using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Transcription profiling according to an array of human amniocytes from patients with spina bifida and healthy controls was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. First, outliers were identified and removed by principal component analysis (PCA) and sample clustering. Then, genes in the top 25% of variance in the GSE4182 dataset were then determined in order to explore candidate genes in potential hub modules using WGCNA. After data preprocessing, 5407 genes were obtained for further WGCNA. Highly correlated genes were divided into nineteen modules. Combined with a co-expression network and significant differentially expressed genes, 967 candidate genes were identified that may be involved in the pathological processes of spina bifida. Combined with our previous microRNA (miRNA) microarray results, we constructed an miRNA–mRNA network including four miRNAs and 39 mRNA among which three key genes were, respectively, linked to two miRNA-associated gene networks. Following the verification of qRT-PCR and KCND3 was upregulated in the spina bifida. KCND3 and its related miR-765 and miR-142-3p are worthy of further study. These findings may be conducive for early detection and intervention in spina bifida, as well as be of great significance to pregnant women and clinical staff.
Tumor-Associated Neutrophils and Macrophages—Heterogenous but Not Chaotic
Authors: Wu Ling , Zhang Xiang H.-F.
Published: December 2020

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have been extensively studied. Their pleotropic roles were observed in multiple steps of tumor progression and metastasis, and sometimes appeared to be inconsistent across different studies. In this review, we collectively discussed many lines of evidence supporting the mutual influence between cancer cells and TAMs/TANs. We focused on how direct interactions among these cells dictate co-evolution involving not only clonal competition of cancer cells, but also landscape shift of the entire tumor microenvironment (TME). This co-evolution may take distinct paths and contribute to the heterogeneity of cancer cells and immune cells across different tumors. A more in-depth understanding of the cancer-TAM/TAN co-evolution will shed light on the development of TME that mediates metastasis and therapeutic resistance.
Serum Homocysteine Is Associated With HDL Only in Stroke Patients With Small Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Kim Yerim , Lee Ju-Hun , Lee Sang-Hwa , Kim Yeo Jin , Kim Chulho , Jang Min Uk , Jung San , Lim Jae-Sung , Oh Mi Sun , Yu Kyung-Ho , Lee Byung-Chul
Published: December 2020

Background: Although controversial, homocysteine (Hcy) and lipid parameters have been associated with particular stroke subtypes. However, there are limited studies concerning the relationship between Hcy and lipid levels in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We evaluated the impact of Hcy levels on lipid profiles in terms of specific stroke subtypes.

Methods: A total of 2,324 patients with first-ever AIS were recruited from two hospitals in South Korea. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (a) pre-stroke modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≥ 1, (b) undetermined or other stroke etiology, and (c) absence of Hcy data. Among the 1,580 eligible patients, the Hcy level was divided into tertile groups. Logistic regression was used to assess association of Hcy levels with lipid levels by stroke subtypes.

Results: Significant downward trends in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were only observed in patients with small vessel occlusion (SVO) as Hcy increased. In logistic regression analysis, while in patients with SVO subtype, the highest level of Hcy tertiles (OR = 1.648, 95% CI = 1.047–2.594) was associated with the lower HDL level (≤40 mg/dL), the significance disappeared in patients with LAA and CE subtypes.

Conclusion: Although our study does not demonstrate causal relationship, we suggest that Hcy might play a mediating role between HDL and SVO stroke development. To clarify the role of Hcy on AIS, this study will provide academic support for designing future research.
Kisspeptin Neurons in the Infundibular Nucleus of Ovariectomized Cats and Dogs Exhibit Unique Anatomical and Neurochemical Characteristics
Authors: Rumpler Éva , Takács Szabolcs , Göcz Balázs , Baska Ferenc , Szenci Ottó , Horváth András , Ciofi Philippe , Hrabovszky Erik , Skrapits Katalin
Published: December 2020

Neurons co-synthesizing kisspeptin (KP), neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin (“KNDy neurons”) in the hypothalamic arcuate/infundibular nucleus (INF) form a crucial component of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone (LH) “pulse generator.” The goal of our study was to characterize KP neuron distribution, neuropeptide phenotype and connectivity to GnRH cells in ovariectomized (OVX) dogs and cats with immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed hypothalamic tissue sections. In both species, KP and NKB neurons occurred in the INF and the two cell populations overlapped substantially. Dynorphin was detected in large subsets of canine KP (56%) and NKB (37%) cells and feline KP (64%) and NKB (57%) cells; triple-labeled (“KNDy”) somata formed ∼25% of all immunolabeled neurons. Substance P (SP) was present in 20% of KP and 29% of NKB neurons in OVX cats but not dogs, although 26% of KP and 24% of NKB neurons in a gonadally intact male dog also contained SP signal. Only in cats, cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript was also colocalized with KP (23%) and NKB (7%). In contrast with reports from mice, KP neurons did not express galanin in either carnivore. KP neurons innervated virtually all GnRH neurons in both species. Results of this anatomical study on OVX animals reveal species-specific features of canine and feline mediobasal hypothalamic KP neurons. Anatomical and neurochemical similarities to and differences from the homologous KP cells of more extensively studied rodent, domestic and primate species will enhance our understanding of obligate and facultative players in the molecular mechanisms underlying pulsatile GnRH/LH secretion.
Discordant Responses Between Primary Head and Neck Tumors and Nodal Metastases Treated With Neoadjuvant Nivolumab: Correlation of Radiographic and Pathologic Treatment Effect
Authors: Merlino Dante J. , Johnson Jennifer M. , Tuluc Madalina , Gargano Stacey , Stapp Robert , Harshyne Larry , Leiby Benjamin E. , Flanders Adam , Zinner Ralph , Axelrod Rita , Curry Joseph , Cognetti David M. , Mannion Kyle , Kim Young J. , Rodeck Ulrich , Argiris Athanassios , Luginbuhl Adam J.
Published: December 2020

PD-1 blockade represents a promising treatment in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We analyzed results of a neoadjuvant randomized window-of-opportunity trial of nivolumab plus/minus tadalafil to investigate whether immunotherapy-mediated treatment effects vary by site of involvement (primary tumor, lymph nodes) and determine how radiographic tumor shrinkage correlates with pathologic treatment effect.

Patients and Methods

Forty-four patients enrolled in trial NCT03238365 were treated with nivolumab 240 mg intravenously on days 1 and 15 with or without oral tadalafil, as determined by random assignment, followed by surgery on day 31. Radiographic volumetric response (RVR) was defined as percent change in tumor volume from pretreatment to posttreatment CT scan. Responders were defined as those with a 10% reduction in the volume of the primary tumor or lymph nodes (LN). Pathologic treatment effect (PTE) was defined as the area showing fibrosis or lymphohistiocytic inflammation divided by total tumor area.

Results

Sixteen of 32 patients (50%) with pathologic evidence of LN involvement exhibited discordant PTE between primary sites and LN. In four patients with widely discordant adjacent LN, increased PTE was associated with increased infiltration of tumor CD8+ T cells and CD163+ macrophages, whereas stromal regulatory T cells were associated with low nodal PTE. RVR correlated with PTE at both primary tumor (slope = 0.55, p < 0.001) and in LN (slope = 0.62, p < 0.05). 89% (16/18) of radiographic non-responders with T1–T3 primary sites had no (n = 7) or minimal PTE (n = 9), whereas 15/17 (88%) of radiographic responders had moderate (n = 12) or complete (n = 3) PTE.

Conclusion

Nivolumab often induces discordant treatment effects between primary tumor sites and metastatic lymph nodes within subjects. This treatment discordance was also demonstrated in adjacent lymph nodes, which may correlate with local immune cell makeup. Finally, although these data were generated by a relatively small population size, our data support the use of early radiographic response to assess immunotherapy treatment effect in HNSCC.
DNA Copy Number Changes in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Cascione Luciano , Aresu Luca , Baudis Michael , Bertoni Francesco
Published: December 2020

Copy number aberrations (CNV/CNA) represent a major contribution to the somatic mutation landscapes in cancers, and their identification can lead to the discovery of oncogenetic targets as well as improved disease (sub-) classification. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma in Western Countries and up to 40% of the affected individuals still succumb to the disease. DLBCL is an heterogenous group of disorders, and we call DLBCL today is not necessarily the same disease of a few years ago. This review focuses on types and frequencies of regional DNA CNVs in DLBCL, not otherwise specified, and in two particular conditions, the transformation from indolent lymphomas and the DLBCL in individuals with immunodeficiency.
Genetically Different Isolates of the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis Induce Differential Responses to Stress in Cassava
Authors: Peña Ricardo , Robbins Chanz , Corella Joaquim Cruz , Thuita Moses , Masso Cargele , Vanlauwe Bernard , Signarbieux Constant , Rodriguez Alia , Sanders Ian R.
Published: December 2020

Water scarcity negatively impacts global crop yields and climate change is expected to greatly increase the severity of future droughts. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can potentially mitigate the effects of water stress in plants. Cassava is a crop that feeds approximately 800 million people daily. Genetically different isolates of the AMF R. irregularis as well as their clonal progeny have both been shown to greatly alter cassava growth in field conditions. Given that cassava experiences seasonal drought in many of the regions in which it is cultivated, we evaluated whether intraspecific variation in R. irregularis differentially alters physiological responses of cassava to water stress. In a first experiment, conducted in field conditions in Western Kenya, cassava was inoculated with two genetically different R. irregularis isolates and their clonal progeny. All cassava plants exhibited physiological signs of stress during the dry period, but the largest differences occurred among plants inoculated with clonal progeny of each of the two parental fungal isolates. Because drought had not been experimentally manipulated in the field, we conducted a second experiment in the greenhouse where cassava was inoculated with two genetically different R. irregularis isolates and subjected to drought, followed by re-watering, to allow recovery. Physiological stress responses of cassava to drought differed significantly between plants inoculated with the two different fungi. However, plants that experienced higher drought stress also recovered at a faster rate following re-watering. We conclude that intraspecific genetic variability in AMF significantly influences cassava physiological responses during water stress. This highlights the potential of using naturally existing variation in AMF to improve cassava tolerance undergoing water stress. However, the fact that clonal progeny of an AMF isolate can differentially affect how cassava copes with natural drought stress in field conditions, highlights the necessity to understand additional factors, beyond genetic variation, which can account for such large differences in cassava responses to drought.
Identifying Molecular Markers of Successful Graft Union Formation and Compatibility
Authors: Loupit Grégoire , Cookson Sarah Jane
Published: December 2020

Grafting is a technique used for millennia for vegetative propagation, especially in perennial fruit crops. This method, used on woody and herbaceous plants, can improve several agronomic characteristics, such as yield or vigor, as well as tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, some scion/rootstock combinations suffer from poor graft compatibility, i.e., they are unable to form and/or sustain a successful graft union. Identifying symptoms of graft incompatibility is difficult because they are not always present in the first years after grafting and in most cases the causes of incompatibility are still poorly understood. Studies of changes in transcript abundance during graft union formation indicate that grafting responses are similar to responses to wounding and include the differential expression of genes related to hormone signaling, oxidative stress, formation of new vascular vessels, cell development, and secondary metabolites, in particular polyphenols. This review summarizes current knowledge of the changes in transcript abundance, redox status and metabolites accumulation during graft union formation and in cases of graft incompatibility. The goal of this review is to discuss the possibility of identifying marker transcripts, enzyme activities and/or metabolites of grafting success and graft compatibility which could be used to score grafting success for genetic research and in breeding programs. We highlight gaps in current knowledge and potential research directions in this field.
The Impact of COVID-19 and Public Health Emergencies on Consumer Purchase of Scarce Products in China
Authors: Jin Xiaotong , Li Jianan , Song Wei , Zhao Taiyang
Published: December 2020

Objectives: During public health emergencies, people often scramble to buy scarce goods, which may lead to panic behavior and cause serious negative impacts on public health management. Due to the absence of relevant research, the internal logic of this phenomenon is not clear. This study explored whether and why public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic stimulate consumers' preference for scarce products.

Methods: Applying the questionnaire survey method, two online surveys were conducted on the Credamo data platform in China. The first survey was launched in February and collected psychological and behavioral data from 1,548 participants. Considering the likelihood of population relocation due to the pandemic, a follow-up survey was conducted in August with 463 participants who had participated in the first survey and had not relocated to other cities between February and August. The hypotheses were tested with these data through stepwise regression analysis, bootstrapping, and robustness testing.

Results: Pandemic severity was found to positively affect scarce consumption behavior and the effect was found to be situational; this indicates that the impact of the pandemic on scarce consumption was only significant during the pandemic. Further, it was found that materialism plays a mediating role in the relationship between pandemic severity and scarce consumption. Finally, the need to belong was found to play a moderating role between pandemic severity and materialism.

Conclusion: This study findings imply that the scarce consumption behavior during public health emergencies can be reduced by decreasing materialism and increasing the need to belong. These findings may aid government leaders in managing public health emergencies.
Citizen Science, Education, and Learning: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Roche Joseph , Bell Laura , Galvão Cecília , Golumbic Yaela N. , Kloetzer Laure , Knoben Nieke , Laakso Mari , Lorke Julia , Mannion Greg , Massetti Luciano , Mauchline Alice , Pata Kai , Ruck Andy , Taraba Pavel , Winter Silvia
Published: December 2020

Citizen science is a growing field of research and practice, generating new knowledge and understanding through the collaboration of citizens in scientific research. As the field expands, it is becoming increasingly important to consider its potential to foster education and learning opportunities. Although progress has been made to support learning in citizen science projects, as well as to facilitate citizen science in formal and informal learning environments, challenges still arise. This paper identifies a number of dilemmas facing the field—from competing scientific goals and learning outcomes, differing underlying ontologies and epistemologies, diverging communication strategies, to clashing values around advocacy and activism. Although such challenges can become barriers to the successful integration of citizen science into mainstream education systems, they also serve as signposts for possible synergies and opportunities. One of the key emerging recommendations is to align educational learning outcomes with citizen science project goals at the planning stage of the project using co-creation approaches to ensure issues of accessibility and inclusivity are paramount throughout the design and implementation of every project. Only then can citizen science realise its true potential to empower citizens to take ownership of their own science education and learning.
RNA-Seq Analysis of Prickled and Prickle-Free Epidermis Provides Insight into the Genetics of Prickle Development in Red Raspberry (Rubus ideaus L.)
Authors: Khadgi Archana , Weber Courtney A.
Published: December 2020

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is a globally commercialized specialty crop with growing demand worldwide. The presence of prickles on the stems, petioles and undersides of the leaves complicates both the field management and harvesting of raspberries. An RNA sequencing analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes in the epidermal tissue of prickled “Caroline” and prickle-free “Joan J.” and their segregating progeny. Expression patterns of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in prickle-free plants revealed the downregulation of some vital development-related transcription factors (TFs), including a MIXTA-like R2R3-MYB family member; MADS-box; APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSIVE FACTOR (AP2/ERF) and NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2 (NAC) in prickle-free epidermis tissue. The downregulation of these TFs was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis, indicating a key regulatory role in prickle development. This study adds to the understanding of prickle development mechanisms in red raspberries needed for utilizing genetic engineering strategies for developing prickle-free raspberry cultivars and, possibly, other Rubus species, such as blackberry (Rubus sp.) and black raspberry (R. occidentalis L.).
Insights into German Consumers’ Perceptions of Virtual Fencing in Grassland-Based Beef and Dairy Systems: Recommendations for Communication
Authors: Stampa Ekaterina , Zander Katrin , Hamm Ulrich
Published: December 2020

The share of cattle grazing on grassland is decreasing in many European countries. While the production costs of intensive stall-based beef and dairy systems are usually lower per kg product, grazing-based systems provide more ecosystem services that are valued by consumers. Innovative grazing systems that apply virtual fencing technology can improve animal welfare, optimize grassland use as pasture, and contribute to biodiversity conservation. Although consumer demand for pasture-raised products could promote animal-friendly practices, consumer perception of virtual fencing remains unknown. To address this gap in research, this study developed information brochures with different lines of argumentation and tested the responses of German consumers using concurrent think aloud protocols. The results demonstrated ambivalence in consumers’ attitudes to virtual fencing. The participants supported the idea of cattle pasturing to promote animal welfare and foster biodiversity declaring a willingness to contribute not only by paying price premiums for pasture-raised products but also through seeking other possibilities of action and participation. However, participants raised concerns about the effects on animal welfare and the social ramifications of the technology. The study offers recommendations for addressing these issues in communication and further contributes to the understanding of consumers’ perceptions of innovation in animal production.
Influence of Low Dietary Inclusion of the Microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana (Lubián 1982) on Performance, Fish Morphology, and Muscle Growth in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: Ayala María Dolores , Galián Carolina , Fernández Victoria , Chaves-Pozo Elena , García de la Serrana Daniel , Sáez María Isabel , Galafaz Díaz Alba , Alarcón Francisco Javier , Martínez Tomás Francisco , Arizcun Marta
Published: December 2020

A 90-d feeding trial was conducted in which five groups of gilthead seabream (11.96 g initial body weight) were fed with a microalgae-free diet (control group, C) or four diets containing the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana at two inclusion levels (2.5% or 5%), either raw (R2.5 and R5 batches) or cellulose-hydrolyzed (H2.5 and H5 batches), to study their effect on the body and muscle growth. At 40 days, the highest values of body length and weight were reached in R5 group, but at 64 and 90 days, these were reached in R2.5. However, feed conversion rate, specific growth, daily intake, and survival (100%) were similar in all the groups. The acquisition of a discoid body shape was accelerated depending on the inclusion level of N. gaditana in the diets. Moreover, H5 diet affected the fish geometric morphology compared to R5 diet. The white muscle transverse area was similar in all groups at 40 days, with the exception of H2.5 group, which showed the lowest area. At day 90, C and R2.5 displayed the highest muscle growth, attributable to increased hyperplasia in C, and higher hypertrophy in R2.5. However, the highest proportion of small and medium fibers was observed in R5 and H5.
Nutritional Properties and Oxidative Indices of Broiler Breast Meat Affected by Wooden Breast Abnormality
Authors: Thanatsang Krittaporn V. , Malila Yuwares , Arayamethakorn Sopacha , Srimarut Yanee , Tatiyaborworntham Nantawat , Uengwetwanit Tanaporn , Panya Atikorn , Rungrassamee Wanilada , Visessanguan Wonnop
Published: December 2020

Wooden breast (WB) abnormality adversely impacts the quality of chicken meat and has been linked with oxidative stress. In this study, breast samples were taken from carcasses of 7-week-old Ross 308 broilers 20-min and 24-h postmortem. Five WB and seven non-WB control samples were assigned based on palpatory hardness (non-WB = no unusual characteristics and WB = focal or diffused hardness). WB exhibited lower contents of protein and the amino acids, i.e., isoleucine, leucine and valine, lighter surface color, lower shear force, greater drip loss and altered mineral profiles (p ≤ 0.05). Despite no difference in lipid oxidation, a greater degree of protein oxidation was found in the WB meat (p ≤ 0.05). Absolute transcript abundances of superoxide dismutase, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 were greater in WB (p ≤ 0.05), whereas lactate dehydrogenase A expression was lower in WB (p ≤ 0.05). The findings support an association between oxidative stress and the altered nutritional and technological properties of chicken meat in WB.
Three Decades of Research on Recombinant Collagens: Reinventing the Wheel or Developing New Biomedical Products?
Authors: Fertala Andrzej
Published: December 2020

Collagens provide the building blocks for diverse tissues and organs. Furthermore, these proteins act as signaling molecules that control cell behavior during organ development, growth, and repair. Their long half-life, mechanical strength, ability to assemble into fibrils and networks, biocompatibility, and abundance from readily available discarded animal tissues make collagens an attractive material in biomedicine, drug and food industries, and cosmetic products. About three decades ago, pioneering experiments led to recombinant human collagens’ expression, thereby initiating studies on the potential use of these proteins as substitutes for the animal-derived collagens. Since then, scientists have utilized various systems to produce native-like recombinant collagens and their fragments. They also tested these collagens as materials to repair tissues, deliver drugs, and serve as therapeutics. Although many tests demonstrated that recombinant collagens perform as well as their native counterparts, the recombinant collagen technology has not yet been adopted by the biomedical, pharmaceutical, or food industry. This paper highlights recent technologies to produce and utilize recombinant collagens, and it contemplates their prospects and limitations.
Contextual Complexities in Implementing a Family-Based Childhood Obesity Intervention: The Perspectives of Enrolled Children and Their Parents
Authors: Hoeeg Didde , Christensen Ulla , Lundby-Christensen Louise , Grabowski Dan
Published: December 2020

Family interventions to treat childhood obesity are widely used, but knowledge about how family dynamics are affected by these interventions is lacking. The present study aims to understand how a family intervention impacts the context of family dynamics, and how different contexts affect the families’ implementation of the intervention. Based on qualitative interviews, we studied families with a child between 9–12 years enrolled in a family intervention to treat childhood obesity at a pediatric outpatient clinic. We conducted 15 family interviews including 36 family members. We found that the family intervention created a new context for the enrolled children. They had to navigate in different contexts and non-supportive environments and push for change if they needed more supportive environments in their attempt to adhere to healthy habits. We show the complexities experienced by parents and grandparents when trying to comply with siblings’ and/or grandchildren’s different needs. The enrolled children were often indirectly blamed if others had to refrain from unhealthy preferences to create supportive environments. These findings are significant in understanding the important role of contexts in family-obesity interventions. This knowledge is relevant to health professionals, researchers, and policymakers.
Optimizing Heat Treatment for Electroplated NiP and NiP/SiC Coatings
Authors: Ahmadkhaniha Donya , Eriksson Fredrik , Zanella Caterina
Published: December 2020

NiP (P > 10 wt.%) coatings are amorphous coatings whose structure can be transformed by heat treatment into a crystalline structure and hardened by precipitation of Ni3P. In this study, NiP coatings and composite ones with SiC nanoparticles were produced by electrodeposition, and their structural transformation by heat treatment was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microhardness and the scratch and corrosion resistance of the coatings were evaluated and compared before and after different heat treatments. The results showed that in as-plated condition, the addition of SiC particles in the coatings did not modify the microstructure, microhardness, or electrochemical behavior. However, the SiC particles’ role was disclosed in combination with heat treatment. Composite coatings that were heat treated at 300 °C had higher microhardness and scratch resistance than the pure NiP one. In addition, composite coatings maintained their scratch resistance up to 400 °C, while in the case of the NiP ones, there was a reduction in scratch resistance by heating at 400 °C. It was also concluded that heating temperature has the main role in hardness and corrosion resistance of NiP and composite coatings, rather than heating time. The optimum heat-treatment protocol was found to be heating at 360 °C for 2 h, which resulted in a maximum microhardness of about 1500 HV0.02 for NiP and its composite coating without sacrificing the corrosion resistance.