bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El crimen organizado transnacional como una amenaza híbrida para la Triple Frontera (Argentina, Paraguay y Brasil)
Authors: Cuervo Ceballos Geraldine
Published: September 2018

El poder de las organizaciones criminales ha permeado las instituciones con el denominado crimen organizado transnacional, un fenómeno que se apoya en la apertura comercial, el flujo de bienes y personas, el crecimiento económico, el desarrollo tecnológico y el tránsito de agentes no estatales que comercializan productos ilícitos. Estas “empresas del crimen” representan un desafío para el Estado y son una amenaza visible para el corredor fronterizo entre Argentina, Paraguay y Brasil, así como para los demás países de la región. Por medio de este escrito, se identifican los factores más destacados que han contribuido al asentamiento de dichas redes criminales en la Triple Frontera, por ejemplo, el crecimiento poblacional, las características geográficas que dificultan el control de la zona, las escasas iniciativas conjuntas, la ausencia de control y de políticas globales y el carácter híbrido de estas organizaciones. El método de investigación aplicado fue cualitativo, explicativo, analítico y documental.
The 2018 Colombian Military Academy dataset
Authors: Fernandez-Osorio Andres Eduardo , Latorre Rojas Edna Jackeline , Mayorga Zarta Nayiver
Published: September 2018

This article presents a data set of the population of military students, resulting from a sociological study completed at the Colombian Military Academy (Escuela Militar de Cadetes General Jose Maria Cordova - ESMIC). By analyzing perceptions and attitudes of ESMIC’s students in six areas, namely, socio-demographic characteristics; professional behavior; social patterns; military values; civil-military relations; and integration of women in the military, this data set aims to provide scientific information to assist in the design, implementation, and effectiveness of the National Army of Colombia’s policies.
The enhancement of mathematical problem solving ability and self-confidence of students through problem based learning
Authors: Ramadhani Rahmi
Published: September 2018

This paper reported result of a research attempted to analyze: the increase in student’s MPS and SC using problem-based learning; and to look interaction between students’ PMK and learning to increase student’s MPS and SC. This type of research was a quasi-experimental. The population of this research was all students in SMA Negeri 6 Medan. Then 33 students were chosen as the experimental class and 33 students in other class was chosen as a control class by using purposive sampling technique. The data in this study were analyzed using Two Ways ANOVA. The result of validity of student’s MPS test is 0,808. Both reability of test was 0.86. The result of this research were: (1) The enhancement of student’s MPS ability and SC using problem-based learning was higher than conventional learning; (2) There is no interaction between student’s PMK and learning on student’s MPS ability and SC.
Pembelajaran diskursus multi representasi terhadap peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi dan disposisi matematis mahasiswa
Authors: Purwasih Ratni , Bernad Martin
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi dan disposisi mahasiswa melalui pembelajaran diskursus multi representasi (DMR). Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian pretset-posttest control group design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswa pendidikan matematika STKIP Siliwangi Bandung yang mengikuti mata kuliah metode pembelajaran matematika sekolah SD pada semester ganjil Tahun Ajaran 2016/2017 yang terdiri dari 3 kelas, yaitu: A1, A2 dan A3. Sampel penelitian dipilih 2 kelas dari populasi penelitian, terpilih kelas A2 sebagai kelas kontrol yang terdiri dari 35 orang mahasiswa dan kelas A1 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang terdiri dari 36 orang mahasiswa. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap gain hasil tes kemampuan mahasiswa mata kuliah metode pembelajaran matematika sekolah SD. Sedangkan analisis skala disposisi matematis mahasiswa menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2010. Untuk memperoleh data penelitian digunakan instrumen berupa tes uraian dan skala disposisi. Analisis penelitian menggunakan uji perbedaan rata-rata mann whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pencapaian dan peningkatan kemampuan komunikasi matematis yang mendapat pembelajaran DMR lebih baik daripada mahasiswa yang mendapat pembelajaran konvensional; dan (2) Disposisi matematis mahasiswa yang pembelajarannya menggunakan DMR lebih baik daripada mahasiswa dengan pembelajaran yang menggunakan pendekatan konvensional. Learning multi discourse representation to enhance students communication and their mathematical disposition AbstractThis study aims to determine the improvement of students’ mathematical communication and dispositions ability through multi-representation discourse (DMR) learning. This research method is quasi-experimental with the design of pretset-posttest control group. The population is all students of mathematics education STKIP Siliwangi Bandung attending the course subject of  Metode Pembelajaran Matematika SD (Elementary Mathematics Learning Method) in the first semester of 2016/2017 academic year consisting of three classes, namely: A1, A2 and A3. The samples are selected from two classes; A2 as the control group consisting of 35 students and A1 as the experimental group consisting of 36 students.. Data analysis is performed to find out the gain from the results of students’ ability test in the subject of Metode Pembelajaran Matematika  SD; while the students’ mathematical disposition scale analysis is conducted by using Microsoft Excel 2010. To obtain research data, the instruments of  description test and disposition scale are used. The analysis of research uses the Mann Whitney’s mean differences test. The results show that: (1) the achievement and improvement of communication ability of the students’ receiving DMR learning are better than those who receive conventional learning; and (2) Mathematical disposition of students with DMR learning is better than those with the conventional approach.
Guided discovery model: An alternative to enhance students’ critical thinking skills and critical thinking dispositions
Authors: Noer Sri Hastuti
Published: September 2018

This current study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the guided discovery model in increasing students' critical thinking skills and critical thinking dispositions. Each experiment and control group consisted of 34 students of grade X of one high school class in Bandar Lampung city. The data were obtained through mathematical critical thinking skills test and critical thinking dispositions scale. The data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively to obtain a comprehensive description of the impact of learning on the increase in both skills. The results showed that the increase of students’ critical thinking skills and critical thinking dispositions after learning was in the effective category. Other finding showed that the use of a contextual problem in the beginning of learning could trigger students to activate their prior knowledge. In this way, students used some strategies and made an appropriate conclusion confidently. This study suggested that the guided discovery model can be an alternative to improve students' critical thinking skills and critical thinking dispositions.
Penyebab kesulitan belajar geometri dimensi tiga
Authors: Novita Rita , Prahmana Rully Charitas Indra , Fajri Nurul , Putra Mulia
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan mahasiswa STKIP BBG dalam mempelajari geometri dimensi tiga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus untuk mengkaji proses pembelajaran mahasiswa calon guru matematika di lingkungan STKIP BBG. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 16 orang mahasiswa calon guru matematika STKIP BBG Semester II-IV Tahun Akademik 2016/2017 yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tehnik angket, tes, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua faktor internal dan ekternal memberi pengaruh terhadap kesulitan belajar yang dialami oleh mahasiswa pendidikan matematika STKIP BBG. Faktor internal sebagai penyebab kesulitan adalah faktor minat, bakat dan intelegensi mahasiswa yang memiliki persentase lebih dari 50% tergolong rendah dan sangat rendah. Adapun faktor ekternal, diantaranya adalah aspek penggunaan metode mengajar oleh dosen dimana, penyampaian materi oleh dosen tanpa menyesuaikan kemampuan mahasiswa memiliki peran yang tinggi (68.75%) dalam memunculkan kesulitan terhadap penguasaan konsep-konsep geometri dimensi tiga. Selain itu, pengalaman belajar geometri pada jenjang sekolah sebelumnya juga menjadi faktor lain yang mengakibatkan kesulitan belajar geometri dalam penelitian ini. The cause of difficulty in learning the three-dimensional geometry  AbstractThis study aims to investigate the factors that cause STKIP BBG’s prospective teachers difficulties in learning three-dimensional geometry. This research uses a case study qualitative research method to assess student learning process of prospective mathematics teachers in mathematics department at STKIP BBG. Subjects in this study were 16 prospective mathematics teachers in semester II - IV academic year 2016/2017 at STKIP BBG. The subjects were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection was done by using questionnaire technique, tests and interviews. The results showed that both internal and external factors had given effects toward learning difficulties experienced by mathematics education students at STKIP BBG. The internal factors are which suspected as the difficulty’s cause are the interest factor; talent and intelligence where 50% of prospective mathematics teachers are in low and very low level. Meanwhile, the external factors, such as the use of teaching methods by lecturers where, the delivery of materials by lecturers without adjusting the ability of students have a high role (68.75%) in raising difficulties on the mastery of three-dimensional geometry concepts. In addition, the experience of learning geometry at the previous school level is also another factor that leads to difficulties in learning geometry in this study.
Teachers’ and students’ beliefs in mathematics at State Senior High School 5 Semarang
Authors: Muhtarom Muhtarom , Juniati Dwi , Siswono Tatag Yuli Eko , Rahmatika Ismi
Published: September 2018

The aim of this research was to discover the relationship between teachers’ and students’ beliefs in mathematics. The sample consisted of two mathematics teachers, twenty eight students from 10th grade natural science 6 (X IPA 6) and twenty eight students from 10th grade natural science 10 (X IPA10) at state senior high school 5 Semarang. The data were collected from questionnaires and guided interviews on beliefs about mathematics. The research results showed that both of the mathematics teachers had platonist beliefs. It was found specifically that 4.76% of students in class X IPA 6 consistently had instrumentalist beliefs, 85.71% were consistent with their platonist beliefs, and 9.52% consistently had problem solving beliefs; while in class X IPA 10, 4.76% consistently showed instrumentalist beliefs, 80.95% were consistent with their platonist beliefs, and 14.29% consistently had problem solving beliefs. This indicates that there is a relationship between teachers’ and students’ beliefs, namely the tendency towards platonist beliefs; and also that the teacher’s beliefs influence the student’s beliefs.
The use of Location Based Instagram Data for Tourism Potential Analysis in Kabupaten Gunung Kidul
Authors: Hasri Muhammad Irham Akbar , Santosa Purnama Budi
Published: September 2018

Gunungkidul Regency is one of five regencies in Yogyakarta Province which is rich of natural tourism destination objects. Each tourism object has its own potential and characteristic that distinguishes one with other tourism objects. However, the tourism potency have not been exposed to public properly, and the local government has not sufficiently use the data of visitors as the basis for planning and development of tourism objects in Gunungkidul Regency. This research tries to evaluate the use of BIG DATA, especially social media data, to analyze the tourism potency based on the public opinions and visits. For this purpose, Instagram data was utilized as the main data for the analysis. The data was collected between December 18, 2017 to February 3, 2018 using Instagram API. The data then was pre-processed to clear or filter the duplication data, to filter the data based on selective location or study area namely Gunungkidul Regency, as well as to filter the data which match with the topic of the research namely “tourism”. Some analysis then were conducted, namely spatial analysis, statistical analysis, and caption analysis. The spatial and statistical analysis were aimed to find spatial pattern of tourists visits at several locations in the form of spatial density of each tourism destinations with respect to temporal aspect. Analysis of captions is done by filtering Instagram data by using some keywords that can indicate tourism potency. Data was visualized using Carto Builder. Results show that some effort is needed to utilize the Instagram data for this purpose. The data is efficient and effective to be used to visualize spatial-temporal pattern of visitors at tourism destinations, as well as to understand tourism destinations objects potency in Gunungkidul Regency. However, this analysis cannot be done in realtime due to a limitation in collecting data from Instagram API.
Comparison of Horizontal Displacement from Horizontal Control Network Adjustment Result Using Observation Model and Time-Variant Methods (Case Study : Horizontal Control Network of Borobudur Temple, Epoch 2002, 2003 and 2012)
Authors: Isnaini Een Lujainatul , Lestari Dwi
Published: September 2018

Borobudur Temple is the biggest Buddhist Temple in the world protected by UNESCO. Therefore the periodical maintenance of Borobudur temple become important, deformation study through displacement analysis can be applied for it, by conducting Geodetic observation periodically. The design for Borobudur horizontal monitoring network is a relative one, the control point and monitoring points are in the deformation area. Therefore, the effect of position changes of the control point used in the horizontal network for displacement analysis of Borobudur needs to be considered, as it affects the result for the least square adjustment of the monitoring points. Two different adjustment methods used to overcome this problem, Least square adjustment using observation model and time-variant methods. This research aims to compare the horizontal displacement analysis of Borobudur resulted from these two adjustment methods.  First by giving position correction for the control point at each epoch according to its displacement in least square adjustment using observation model. The second by computing position and velocity vector directly using time-variant method. The comparation of 2D horizontal displacement vector analysis was done by using vector velocity of 2D horizontal displacement from the analysis of the two adjustment methods on the interval displacement epochs between 2002 and 2003 and between 2002 and 2012. This research showed the vector magnitude and the accuration of the displacement from the analysis resulted from the two adjustment methods was different. The resulted of least square adjustment using observation model with correction of control point showed that there was significant increase in magnitude of displacement vector of the monitoring points. Displacement analysis between 2002 and 2003 the magnitude in average were 7.97 mm and the analysis between 2002 and 2012 were 37.78 mmwith consistent displacement direction of the both interval displacement to the northwest. The Time-Variant adjustment method showed an increase in the vector velocity of 2D horizontal displacement from 0.29 mm/year to 0.32 mm/year with different displacement direction. The vector magnitude of the displacement from time variant method was smaller than observation model and the standard deviation for the horizontal displacement from time variant method was slightly bigger about 0.5 mm compared to the observation model.
The Comparison of Postoperative Headache Frequency and Severity on Sectio Patients that Spinal Anaesthesia Performed with 25G, 27G and 29G Quincke Needles
Authors: YILDIRIM Mustafa Kemal , OSMANLIOĞLU Haci Ömer , GÖKÇE CEYLAN Berit , EROĞLU Füsun
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe
Comparison of Postoperative Headache Frequency and Severity on Sectio Patients
that Spinal Anaesthesia Performed with 25G, 27G and 29G Quincke Needles              Aim: The
aim of this study is to compare the frequency and severity of post spinal headache
between the sectio patients that was spinal anaesthesia performed with 25G, 27G
and 29G quincke needles.         Materials and Methods:
Following the approval of Clinical researches local Ethics Committee of
Suleyman Demirel University 60 ASA I-II clinical status patients above 18 years
that sectio operation was planned included in the study. Patients were
ramdomised to three groups. The spinal anaesthesai was performed with 25G
guided quincke sharp-tipped needle to Group I (n=20), with 27G needle in Group
II (n=20) and with 29G needle in Group III (n=25). General anesthesia was performed
in unsuccessful spinal anaesthesia patients and they were excluded from the study.
The headache, the time and the severity till the second week of the operation and
was asked and reported .The severity was degreed according to Lybecker classification.          Results:
Postdural central headache was reported on 9 of total 60 patients (15,0 %). The
distribution was as : 5 patients in Group I (25.0 %), 3 patients in Group II (15.0
%), and 1 patient in Group III (5.0%). Severe headache was occurred in 2
patients in Group I and was not occurred in any patients in Group II and III. There
was no significany difference istatistically between groups by the means of
postdural puncture headache.

       Conclusion:
At least for preventing the risk,
although there is no statistically difference between different needle sizes;
we think that 29G guided needle may be preferred in the clinical practice if
available.
Relationship between Arg753Gln Toll-like receptor 2 and Asp299Gly Toll-like receptor 4 genetic variations and susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Southern Iran
Authors: Hosseini Seyed , Mojtahedi Zahra , Beizavi Zahra , Khazraei Hajar , Zamani Mozhdeh
Published: September 2018

Variations in Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) encoding genes have been associated with tumorigenesis through the disruption of immune and inflammatory responses. The aims of this study were to evaluate the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the genes Arg753Gln TLR2 (rs5743708) and Asp299Gly TLR4 (rs4986790) in colorectal cancer patients in southern Iran. Colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls were included in this study (150 Persian subjects in each group). Blood samples were used for genotyping by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The association between these SNPs and colorectal cancer and clinicopathological factors, including age, gender, tumor stage and differentiation were also investigated. A significant association was found between Arg753Gln TLR2 SNP and colorectal cancer. This SNP was significantly more frequent in male patients. However, there was no association between Asp299Gly TLR4 and colorectal cancer. Therefore, Arg753Gln TLR2 SNP can be considered as a risk factor for colorectal cancer incidence in southern Iran, especially in men. Further investigations in other populations are recommended in order to assess the association of this SNP with colorectal cancer.
Symptomatic pleural lipoma: Case report
Authors: Tegeltija Dragana , Bijelovic Milorad , Samardzija Golub , Vasiljevic Tijana
Published: September 2018

Symptomatic pleural lipoma is an extremely rare clinical entity that can
occur in all age groups and involve both sexes equally. The treatment can be
done using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. We report a case of
symptomatic pleural lipoma that was successfully removed using
video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
The Iranian Metaphysicals
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

What do the occult sciences, séances with the souls of the dead, and appeals to saintly powers have to do with rationality? Since the late nineteenth century, modernizing intellectuals, religious leaders, and statesmen in Iran have attempted to curtail many such practices as “superstitious,” instead encouraging the development of rational religious sensibilities and dispositions. However, far from diminishing the diverse methods through which Iranians engage with the immaterial realm, these rationalizing processes have multiplied the possibilities for metaphysical experimentation. This book examines these experiments and their transformations over the past century. Drawing on years of ethnographic and archival research, the book shows that metaphysical experimentation lies at the center of some of the most influential intellectual and religious movements in modern Iran. These forms of exploration have not only produced a plurality of rational orientations toward metaphysical phenomena but have also fundamentally shaped what is understood as orthodox Shiʻi Islam, including the forms of Islamic rationality at the heart of projects for building and sustaining an Islamic Republic. Delving into frequently neglected aspects of Iranian spirituality, politics, and intellectual inquiry, the book challenges widely held assumptions about Islam, rationality, and the relationship between science and religion.
Introduction
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This book examines metaphysical experimentation that lies at the center of some of the most influential intellectual and religious movements in modern Iran. In particular, it investigates encounters with occult specialists, séances with the souls of the dead, new forms of exorcism and healing, and appeals to marvelous mystical powers. Focusing on rationalization since the late nineteenth century, and especially under the Islamic Republic, the book argues that the metaphysical inquiries of occult experimentalists and spiritual explorers like the Cosmic Mystics are best understood in terms of attempts to rationalize the “unseen” (gheyb)—that is, to grasp phenomena like sorcery and jinn possession in reasoned, scientific, nonsuperstitious terms. The book also explores how metaphysical experimentation is affected by economic liberalization, the dominance of modern technoscience, and the increasing bureaucratization of life under the Islamic Republic.
Do Jinn Exist?
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the question of whether jinn and sorcery exist. A number of invisible entities and realms beyond the sensible material world are featured in Islamic cosmology, as rooted in the Qur'an and hadith. These include not only God but also angels, jinn, heaven and hell, and news of the unseen in the form of prophecy and inspiration. Muslims have a relationship, a position, toward these entities. The jinn are primarily thought to be invisible beings, and sorcery depends on invisible forces. Many contemporary Iranians look dismissively upon reports of jinn sighting, possession, and exorcism, and yet claim that they believe in jinn because they are mentioned in the Qur'an. The chapter discusses several skeptical approaches to jinn and sorcery in Iran and shows that most Muslim theologians accept the existence of both, even if their purported everyday manifestations are viewed with doubt or denial.
Suppress, Accommodate, Sublimate
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

As a figure of many imagined transgressions—of piety, civility, rationality, and good taste—the rammal inspires near-universal revulsion and condemnation. Since the late nineteenth century, rationalizing the unseen has in part meant suppressing the rammal through the combined forces of intellect, propaganda, and coercion. But as the preceding chapters have shown, this suppression has only partially succeeded. Shiʿi hesitations over the legitimacy of the occult and secularist uncertainties over superstition have combined to weaken the thrust of the discursive assaults against the rammal. In everyday encounters, moreover, some Iranians have been impelled to reconcile their rational disdain for the rammal-as-charlatan with the sense-data apparently pointing toward the presence of extraordinary powers. A meeting with a rammal can thus become the site for an uncanny return of a repressed “irrational,” wreaking havoc on the boundaries between true and false, reasonable and superstitious, genuine power and imposture....
Authority in Experience
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the place of personal experience in contemporary Iranian spirituality, What is known as “experience” is equivalent to the Persian word tajrobeh (Arabic tajriba). The sense of tajriba is linked as scientific experiment or methodical empirical observation to Spiritism. As a kind of experience associated with cumulative learning and mastery over time, a sense of tajrobeh comes close to the German concept of Erfahrung. This chapter first considers the concept of “heart” before discussing tajrobeh in terms of Erlebnis, experience that is more personal, immediate, intense, and perhaps ineffable than what Erfahrung implies. It then explores the views of Arezu Khanum on heart, Abdol-Karim Soroush on religiosity, and Mostafa Malekiyan on spirituality and religious experience. It also shows that in the twentieth century, the terms tajrobeh and Erlebnis converged in Iranian reformist formulations of “religious experience” inspired by modern European thinkers.
Whips for the Wayfarers
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines how hagiographies of God's friends are intertwined with processes for instrumentalizing the metaphysical, not only as technologies of pious self-discipline but also as state tools of cultural engineering and as means for individuals to deal with the radical spiritual uncertainties resulting from the bureaucratization of piety. Men like Ayatollah Haq Shenas, revered for their ascetic piety and held in awe for their marvelous powers, are known in Islamic tradition as “friends of God” or awliya' allah. The extraordinary piety and spectacular marvels of God's friends has long provided material for moral instruction and self-discipline. The chapter considers state attempts to combat deviant spirituality and how they have become entangled with nongovernmental efforts to promote Shiʻi mysticism through the production and dissemination of hagiographies of God's friends. It also discusses various forms of criticisms against hagiographies that trouble their instrumental deployments.
Discretion and Publicity
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the frictions that exist between nongovernmental projects for promoting piety and those initiatives that are explicitly aligned with the interests of the state, paying specific attention to the importance of discretion in the ethics of hagiographic writing. Disputes concerning friends of God can be divided into those over the manner in which these men are to be represented and those over what qualifies a man as God's friend. The problem of representation can itself be broken down into questions about the ethics of writing about friends and the place of the marvel in these texts. This chapter considers the problem of representation by focusing on the hagiographies of Shaykh Jaʻfar Mojtahedi and Shaykh Rajab ʻAli the tailor. It also discusses various criticisms against marvels, including the argument that they are distractions not only for the readers of hagiographies but even for the friends of God who possess them.
The Politics of Veneration
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines one key question haunting modern Shiʻi hagiographies and its political implications: what qualifies a person as a friend of God or, better, what disqualifies him from achieving such a station? If occult practices are a subject of dispute, there are other accusations leveled at some ostensible friends of God that incite strong vehemence. Chief among these is the charge of Sufism. Whenever governmental or nongovernmental actors draw on mysticism to promote Islamic piety, they are forced to reckon in some fashion with anti-Sufi rhetoric. This chapter considers the criticisms against Shaykh Jaʻfar Mojtahedi and Shaykh Rajab ʻAli. It also discusses another topic of contention over the friends of God: their political allegiances.
Conclusion
Authors: Doostdar Alireza
Published: September 2018

This conclusion summarizes the book's main arguments about metaphysical exploration, showing that, far from being a marginal activity, it has comprised a crucial dimension of contemporary religious thought and practice in Iran. The book has examined how, for the highest-ranking Shiʻi ulama, the occult could not be easily dismissed as either sinful or fraudulent, and how the danger of charlatanry and vice prompted these leaders to recommend virtuous caution. It has also discussed rationality and the three aspects of rationalization found in most forms of metaphysical inquiry—demarcating and excluding superstition, engaging with science as a resource, and instrumentalizing the metaphysical in the service of moral reform.
Introduction
Authors: von Neumann John
Published: September 2018

This introductory chapter provides a brief summary of the discussions in the succeeding chapters. Here, the new quantum mechanics has in recent years achieved in its essential parts what is presumably a definitive form: the so-called “transformation theory.” Therefore the principal emphasis shall be placed on the general and fundamental questions which have arisen in connection with this theory. In particular, the difficult problems of interpretation, many of which are even now not fully resolved, will be investigated in detail. In this connection, the relation of quantum mechanics to statistics and to the classical statistical mechanics is of special importance.
Deductive Development of the Theory
Authors: von Neumann John
Published: September 2018

This chapter provides the fundamental basis of the statistical theory, building on the formula introduced in the previous chapter, before elaborating proofs of the statistical formulas. From these, the chapter shows that the most general statistical ensemble which is compatible with the chapter's qualitative basic assumptions is characterized, according to 𝗧𝗿, by a definite operator 𝗨. Furthermore, those particular ensembles which have been called “homogeneous” were characterized by 𝗨 = 𝙋subscript [φ‎] (∥φ‎∥ = 1), and since these are the actual states of the systems 𝗦 (i.e., not capable of further resolution) they can also be called states (specifically, 𝗨 = 𝙋subscript [φ‎] is the state φ‎).
Adam Smith’s Political Theory of Opinion
Authors: Sagar Paul
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines Adam Smith's political theory of opinion in relation to the contributions of David Hume and, to a lesser extent, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, regarding sociability and the state. More specifically, it explores how Smith's development of Hume's alternative theoretic framework of opinion led him to construct a theory of regime forms that was deeply historically inflected, even as he also ultimately admitted that philosophy is incapable of finally resolving the tensions and predicaments generated by purely secular politics. The chapter first considers Smith's notion of utility as the central factor in explaining human sociability before discussing his insight into the correct understanding of the role of utility in human psychology, which carried extensive implications for politics. It then analyzes Smith's rejection of Montesquieu's classification of monarchies and republics and his account of how opinion generated authority. It also describes Smith's views on sovereignty and the limits of philosophy.
Alternatives and Applications
Authors: Sagar Paul
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the viability of thinking about the state, and political theory more generally, from David Hume and Adam Smith's perspective. It argues that there is something paradoxical in the claim that Hume and Smith offer theories of the state without sovereignty. It also discusses two examples of how we can use Hume and Smith's reconfguration for understanding the state: the first deals with the place of democracy in modern politics; the second relates to how we may come to conceive of the normative purposes and possibilities that the modern state encompasses. Furthermore, the chapter analyzes the claim that the modern state is an outgrowth of commercial sociability, and that its chief function, and ultimate source of legitimacy, is the promotion of utility whilst securing the allegiance of subjects through opinion. Finally, it compares Immanuel Kant and Smith's views on the judgment of rulers with regard to political reform.
Introduction
Authors: Hamill Heather
Published: September 2018

This introductory chapter illustrates the state of crime and punishment in Belfast. A major by-product of the political and civil conflict in Northern Ireland has been a lack of consensus among the population over who should police ordinary crime and how. This is clearly evidenced among the predominantly Nationalist and Republican inhabitants of West Belfast, who have consistently sought to prevent crime and punish offenders by employing a variety of informal strategies, rather than rely upon the police service. The most notorious of these informal approaches are shootings, beatings, and exclusions by Republican armed groups. The chapter then discusses the research methods and data behind the succeeding chapters.
West Belfast
Authors: Hamill Heather
Published: September 2018

This chapter argues that, from the early days of the political conflict in the 1970s the conditions were such that the Irish Republican Army (IRA) adopted some of the functions of the state, namely the provision of policing and punishment of ordinary crime. The hostility of the statutory criminal justice system, particularly the police, toward the working-class Catholic community dramatically increased the costs of using state services. The high levels of disaffection and aggression among working-class Catholics toward the police meant that the state could no longer fulfill its function and police the community in any “normal” way. A demand for policing therefore existed. Simultaneously, this demand was met and fostered by the IRA, which had the motivation, the manpower, and the monopoly on the use of violence necessary to carry out this role.
Introduction: Rereading Capital
Authors: Roberts William Clare
Published: September 2018

This book examines Karl Marx's critique of capitalism by rereading his Capital as political theory. It considers Capital's ambition to lay bare, for the first time, the inner workings of the capitalist mode of production and the political economy that analyzes it. It argues that, in Capital, Marx had a grand aspiration—to write the definitive analysis of what is wrong with the rule of capital—and that he modeled this aspiration on a grand literary framework: rewriting Dante's Inferno as a descent into the modern “social Hell” of the capitalist mode of production. The book also contends that Capital is best read as a critical reconstruction of and rejoinder to the other versions of socialism and popular radicalism that predominated in France and England in the 1860s and 1870s. This chapter provides an overview of the book's argument.
Cocytus: Treachery and the Necessity of Expropriation
Authors: Roberts William Clare
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines part eight of Capital, where Karl Marx highlights the treachery involved in “primitive accumulation.” Marx's narrative that the history of capitalism's creation is a history of treachery finds its most fitting illustrations in the depths of Dante's Hell, where Cocytus, the frozen wasteland at the bottom of the world, entombs the treacherous in ice. In the final three chapters of Capital, Marx shows how the modern state has come to be dependent upon capital accumulation, and, thus, the primary agent of primitive accumulation. The chapter first reconstructs Marx's account of the origins of the modern proletariat and of the capitalist class in order to harmonize his views on primitive accumulation with his understanding of capitalist exploitation. It then considers Marx's argument against separatism and petty production, and more specifically his contention that the working class can exit capitalism only through a confrontation with the necessity of expropriation.
Rome
Authors: Wickham Chris
Published: September 2018

This chapter examines the development of the city commune in Rome during the period 1050–1150. Rome does not occupy a central place in accounts of early Italian city communes. The city has seemed too “papal,” and the grand narratives of its history in the years 1050–1150 have concentrated on the story-line of papal “reform.” The urban elite that were most prominent in Rome in this century were not at all hostile to this reform. The chapter first provides an overview of the Tuscolano papacy between 1012 and 1044, a period of stable government in Rome, before discussing the city's particularities. In particular, it considers the roles played by families from the aristocracy and from the “medium elite” in city politics. It also explores the differences between aristocrats and other elite in Milan, Pisa, and Rome.
Authors: Hasanah Resti , Rusliati Ellen
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis nilai intrinsik perusahaan menggunakan metode dividend discount model (DDM) dan price to book value (PBV) perusahaan yang terdaftar di Indeks LQ 45, tahun 2010 - 2014. Sampel dipilih dengan kriteria selalu terdaftar di LQ 45 dan membagikan dividen. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dan kuantitatif serta pengukuran akurasi dengan root mean squared error (RMSE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai intrinsik yang dihasilkan metode DDM lebih akurat dibandingkan PBV dengan nilai rata-rata RMSE DDM lebih kecil daripada rata-rata RMSE PBV. Metode DDM ini lebih cocok untuk perusahaan dengan pertumbuhan yang konsisten dan pada tahap kedewasaan serta selalu membagikan dividen. Metode PBV akan lebih baik untuk menilai saham perusahaan dengan industri ataupun sektor yang sejenis, sehingga terlihat jelas perbandingan saham apakah murah atau mahal.
Authors: Salsabila Nisa , Giri Refi Rifaldi
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh munculnya perkembangan uang elektronik di Indonesia yang menggantikan transaksi tunai. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada lima objek yaitu Mandiri e-money, Flazz BCA, BRIZZI, Rekening Ponsel dan Tapcash BNI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran peta positioning mengenai uang elektronik berdasarkan persepsi masyarakat yang menggunakan dan tidak menggunakan uang elektronik di Indonesia tahun 2017. Teknik sampling menggunakan nonprobability sampling dan teknik analisis data menggunakan multi dimensional scaling. Hasil persepsi berdasarkan kemiripan menunjukkan bahwa uang elektronik merek Flazz BCA dan Mandiri e-money dan pada merek BRIZZI dan Tapcash BNI memiliki kemiripan antar produknya. Namun, merek Rekening Ponsel tidak memiliki kemiripan. Hasil persepsi berdasarkan atribut, pengguna mempersepsikan Mandiri e-money paling unggul dan bukan pengguna mempersepsikan  Flazz BCA paling unggul.
SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS KERJA PEGAWAI YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN TELKOM BANDUNG
Authors: Nurrani Vidya Triocssy , Ferdian Ary
Published: September 2018

This study aims to determine the effect of management information systems by specializing memo online information system on the effectiveness of employee on YPT Bandung. This research was based on the theory of management information system and work effectiveness by McLeod and Notoatmodjo. This research uses quantitative method with sample of 64 people using census sample technique. The research shows that the management information system has an influence on the employee effectiveness of Yayasan Pendidikan Telkom Bandung of 28.1%. The company should listen to complaints from employees of the memo online information system and improve in accordance with the expected by the employee, upgrade to memo online ver 3.0 conduct motivational seminars for employees.
PROMOSI DAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN DAMPAKNYA PADA LOYALITAS KONSUMEN DI TOKO SOES MERDEKA
Authors: Kristanti Dina Febe , Wasito Wasito
Published: September 2018

This study aims to determine how much influence of promotion and human resources (HR) at SoesMerdeka store towards consumer loyalty through the satisfaction of the customer as an intervening variable either partially or simultaneously. The research method used is descriptive and verification method with the number of samples counted to 98 respondents. Data collection techniques used were observation and distribution of questionnaires, and analysis methods used are path analysis, multiple correlation, and coefficient of determination. The result shows that promotion, human resource, consumer satisfaction, and consumer loyalty are in enough category. The results of verification research shows promotion and human resources to consumer satisfaction has an influence of 55%, promotion, human resources, and consumer satisfaction on consumer loyalty has an influence of 43.3%.
RASIO KEPEMILIKAN DAN RASIO EFISIENSI TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS DAMPAKNYA PADA NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Putri Ulfa Ika , Affandi Azhar
Published: September 2018

This study aims to determine the condition of ownership ratio proxyed by equity, the efficiency ratio proxyed by BOPO, profitability ratios proxied with Return On Asset, and company value and to find out how much influence of variable ownership and efficiency to profitability impact on firm value at 18 banking companies listed on the BEI period 2008-2015. This research uses descriptive and verificative methods. Data analysis methods used are multiple regression, multiple correlation, and coefficient of determination. The results showed that the ratio of ownership and efficiency ratio simultaneously and partially have significant effect on profitability. The dominant variable is the ownership ratio. Profitability has a significant effect on corporate value.
Las estrategias empresariales del agronegocio en la era de la financiarización. El caso de El Tejar.
Authors: Sosa Varrotti Andrea Patricia , Frederico Samuel
Published: September 2018

En este artículo analizamos un aspecto central de la financiarización de la agricultura del Mercosur: el ingreso de capitales de riesgo en el sector. Entre los protagonistas de este proceso se encuentran las firmas de private equity y las megaempresas del agronegocio en las cuales invierten. Gracias a un abordaje cualitativo-cuantitativo, analizamos uno de los ejemplos más acabados de vínculo entre ambos tipos de empresa a partir de un estudio de caso, la megaempresa de origen argentino El Tejar, y sus efectos en términos de acaparamiento de tierras y de la producción en Argentina y Brasil.
Aproximación a la epistemología de la educación artística
Authors: Ruíz Solórzano Jaime
Published: September 2018

Este escrito es un primer abordaje, a la epistemología de la educación artística, entendida como epistemología regional, o sea, que da cuenta de un saber específico; para ello se han articulado tres partes: la primera trata sobre los conceptos fundamentales como educación, arte, educación artística, en la segunda se establece un recuento sobre el aprendizaje y la enseñanza de la educación artística teniendo en cuenta las experiencias más significativas de la formación y la educación artística desde el arte de las cavernas y precolombino hasta nuestros días; la tercera sintetiza las teorías contemporáneas más relevantes de la educación artística.
Long-term challenge to mangrove in the National park Xuanthuy – data released from shallow subsidence monitoring
Authors: Thuyen Le Xuan
Published: September 2018

A small mangrove colony growing for several decades on a mud flat on the left side of Balat River mouth has become today a large and healthy forest, containing a high ecosystem service value in the core of the Red River biosphere reserve. As a pioneer ecosystem located at land– water interface in the tropic, there exist always risks to mangroves, especially due to climate change and sea level rise. Sea level rise is a worldwide process, but subsidence is a local problem that can exacerbate these geo-hazards. A monitoring of shallow subsidence has been carried out by using SET-MH technique (developed by the United States Geological Survey) to track the both accretion and land sinking in the core zone of the National Park. The measurement shows the average sedimentation rate of 2.9 cm / yr and the sinking rate of 3.4 cm / yr, since Dec. 30th 2012.

This is the first ground-based observation of shallow subsidence under mangroves in the Tonkin Gulf. As a simple and low cost method, so further expansion of this monitoring could provide more useful information to help identify the generally sinking trend of coastal areas in the Red River Delta and also to protect its own biosphere reserve.
NGHIÊN CỨU XÁC ĐỊNH HÀM LƯỢNG Cu, Pb, Cd TRONG LOÀI HẾN (Corbicula sp.) VÀ TRẦM TÍCH SÔNG CẦU ĐOẠN CHẢY QUA TỈNH BẮC GIANG VÀ BẮC NINH
Authors: Thu Bui
Published: September 2018

Để đánh giá chất lượng trầm tích và lựa chọn sinh vật chỉ thị giám sát ô nhiễm kim loại nặng trong trầm tích sông, chúng tôi đã đánh giá mức độ ô nhiễm Cu, Pb, Cd  trong trầm tích và tích lũy những kim loại nặng này trong 12 mẫu trầm tích và 12 mẫu hến (Corbicula sp.) thu thập tại sông Cầu đoạn chảy qua tỉnh Bắc Giang và Bắc Ninh vào tháng 01 và tháng 4 năm 2018. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, hàm lượng Pb trong trầm tích lớn nhất (113,20 - 203,91 mg/kg trầm tích khô), tiếp theo là hàm lượng Cu (20,22 - 77,34 mg/kg trầm tích khô), và thấp nhất là hàm lượng Cd (0,22 - 1,28 mg/kg trầm tích khô). Hàm lượng các kim loại này trong mô loài hến (Corbicula sp.) dao động từ 0,04 đến 3,73 mg/kg hến tươi. Kết quả cũng cho thấy  hàm lượng Pb trong trầm tích và trong mô loài hến đều vượt quá giới hạn cho phép của QCVN 43:2012/BTNMT và QCVN 08-2:2011/BYT. Phân tích tương quan chỉ ra rằng hàm lượng Cu trong trầm tích có tương quan thuận và chặt chẽ (r = 0,54; p<0,01), hàm lượng Cd không có tương quan (r = 0,27;  p>0,05), và của Pb có tương quan thuận và tương đối cao (r = 0,43, p<0,05) với hàm lượng của chính các kim loại nặng đó trong mô hến (Corbicula sp.). Từ kết quả nghiên cứu này cho thấy, có thể sử dụng loài hến (Corbicula sp.) làm sinh vật chỉ thị giám sát ô nhiễm kim loại nặng trong trầm tích tại sông Cầu.
Determination of natural radioactivity in soil samples around gold mining area in Khamkeut district, Bolikhamxay Province, Laos using gamma ray spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector
Authors: LEUANGTAKOUN Somsavath
Published: September 2018

This paper presented the method of determining the radioactivity of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in soil samples by gamma-ray spectrometer using NaI (Tl) scintillation detector. The radioactivity of each isotope is calculated based on the net count rate in the energy window characteristic for the 40K, 226Ra and 232Th radioisotopes respectively. We have determined  activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides 226Ra,232Th and 40K in 15 soil samples collected around gold mines of Khamkeut district, Bolikhamxay Province, Laos. The average activity concentrations of the natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K are 46.58  ±  7.36 , 71.19  ±  5.42 and 574.62  ±  25.02 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th in this work are higher than those of Bolikhamxay Province, Laos and the world average values. The estimated average outdoor annual effective dose (E) and radium equivalent actitvity (Raeq) are 0.10  ±  0.004 mSv.yr-1 and 192.64  ±  16.12 Bq.kg-1, respectively.