bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microglia induce neurogenesis by stimulating PI3K/AKT intracellular signaling in vitro
Authors: Lorenzen Kristi , Mathy Nicholas W. , Whiteford Erin R. , Eischeid Alex , Chen Jing , Behrens Matthew , Chen Xian-Ming , Shibata Annemarie
Published: November 2019

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that microglia can support neuronal survival, synapse development, and neurogenesis in classic neurogenic niches. Little is known about the ability of microglia to regulate the cortical environment and stimulate cortical neurogenesis outside classic neurogenic niches. We used an in vitro co-culture model system to investigate the hypothesis that microglia respond to soluble signals from cortical cells, particularly following injury, to alter the cortical environment and promote cortical cell proliferation, differentiation, and maintain cortical cell survival via activation of specific cortical intracellular signaling pathways. Results: Analyses of cell proliferation, apoptosis, protein expression, and intracellular signaling pathway activation were performed on uninjured and injured cortical cells in co-culture with EOC2 microglia. EOC2 microglia in co-culture enhanced cortical cell viability and proliferation of uninjured and injured cortical cells. Co-culture of injured cortical cells with EOC2 microglial cells significantly reduced cortical cell apoptosis. Microglial co-culture significantly increased Nestin+ and a-internexin+ cells within and outside of the injury site. NeuN+ cells increased in injured cortical cultures with microglia. Multiplex ELISA assays showed decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines in conditioned media from injured cortical cell and microglial co-culture. RTPCR analysis of microglial mRNA was performed. EOC2 microglial co-culture environment increased AKT phosphorylation in cortical cells particularly following injury. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation in cortical cells blocked the microglial-enhanced cortical cell viability and expression of neurogenic markers in vitro. Conclusion: The in vitro model system presented here allows for assessment of the effect of microglial-derived soluble signals, independent of cell-cell contact, on cortical cell viability, proliferation, and stages of differentiation during homeostasis or following injury. These data suggest that microglia downregulate inflammatory cytokine production following activation by acute cortical injury to enhance proliferation of new cells capable of neurogenesis. Inhibition of AKT signaling in cortical cells blocks the enhanced proliferation and expression of neurogenic markers in cortical cells. Increasing our understanding of the mechanisms that drive cortical neurogenesis stimulated by microglial cells during homeostasis and following injury will provide insight into the potential mechanisms of neuroprotective role of immune activity in the central nervous system (CNS).
Latent Dirichlet Allocation in Predicting Clinical Trial Terminations
Authors: Geletta Simon , Follett Lendie , Laugerman Marcia R
Published: November 2019

Background: This study used natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques to identify reliable patterns from within research narrative documents to distinguish studies that complete successfully, from the ones that terminate. Recent research findings have reported that at least ten percent of all studies that are funded by major research funding agencies terminate without yielding useful results. Since it is well-known that scientific studies that receive funding from major funding agencies are carefully planned, and rigorously vetted through the peer-review process, it was somewhat daunting to us that study-terminations are this prevalent. Moreover, our review of the literature about study terminations suggested that the reasons for study terminations are not well understood. We therefore aimed to address that knowledge gap, by seeking to identify the factors that contribute to study failures.Method: We used data from the clinicialTrials.gov repository, from which we extracted both structured data (study characteristics), and unstructured data (the narrative description of the studies). We applied natural language processing techniques to the unstructured data to quantify the risk of termination by identifying distinctive topics that are more frequently associated with trials that are terminated and trials that are completed. We used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique to derive 25 “topics” with corresponding sets of probabilities, which we then used to predict study-termination by utilizing random forest modeling. We fit two distinct models – one using only structured data as predictors and another model with both structured data and the 25 text topics derived from the unstructured data.Results: In this paper, we demonstrate the interpretive and predictive value of LDA as it relates to predicting clinical trial failure. The results also demonstrate that the combined modeling approach yields robust predictive probabilities in terms of both sensitivity and specificity, relative to a model that utilizes the structured data alone.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the use of topic modeling using LDA significantly raises the utility of unstructured data in better predicating the completion vs. termination of studies. This study sets the direction for future research to evaluate the viability of the designs of health studies.
Latent Dirichlet Allocation in Predicting Clinical Trial Terminations
Authors: Geletta Simon , Follett Lendie , Laugerman Marcia R
Published: November 2019

This study used natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques to identify reliable patterns from within research narrative documents to distinguish studies that complete successfully, from the ones that terminate. Recent research findings have reported that at least ten percent of all studies that are funded by major research funding agencies terminate without yielding useful results. Since it is well-known that scientific studies that receive funding from major funding agencies are carefully planned, and rigorously vetted through the peer-review process, it was somewhat daunting to us that study-terminations are this prevalent. Moreover, our review of the literature about study terminations suggested that the reasons for study terminations are not well understood. We therefore aimed to address that knowledge gap, by seeking to identify the factors that contribute to study failures.Method: We used data from the clinicialTrials.gov repository, from which we extracted both structured data (study characteristics), and unstructured data (the narrative description of the studies). We applied natural language processing techniques to the unstructured data to quantify the risk of termination by identifying distinctive topics that are more frequently associated with trials that are terminated and trials that are completed. We used the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique to derive 25 “topics” with corresponding sets of probabilities, which we then used to predict study-termination by utilizing random forest modeling. We fit two distinct models – one using only structured data as predictors and another model with both structured data and the 25 text topics derived from the unstructured data.Results: In this paper, we demonstrate the interpretive and predictive value of LDA as it relates to predicting clinical trial failure. The results also demonstrate that the combined modeling approach yields robust predictive probabilities in terms of both sensitivity and specificity, relative to a model that utilizes the structured data alone.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the use of topic modeling using LDA significantly raises the utility of unstructured data in better predicating the completion vs. termination of studies. This study sets the direction for future research to evaluate the viability of the designs of health studies.
Impacts of contracted endodontic cavities compared to traditional endodontic cavities in premolars
Authors: Juan Xia , weidong Wang , Zhengmao Li , Bingpeng Lin , Qian Zhang , Qianzhou Jiang , Yang xuechao
Published: November 2019

Background: This study aims to compare the percentage of dentin removed, instrumentation efficacy, root canal filling and load at fracture between contracted endodontic cavities, and traditional endodontic cavities on root canal therapy in premolars.Methods: Forty extracted intact human first premolars were imaged with micro-CT and randomly assigned to the contracted endodontic cavity (CEC) or traditional endodontic cavity (TEC) groups. CEC was prepared with the aid of a 3D-printed guiding template, canals were prepared with a 0.04 taper M-Two rotary instrument, and cavities were restored with resin. The specimens were loaded to fracture in an Instron Universal Testing Machine after a fatigue phase. The data were analyzed by the independent samples T test and Mann-Whitney U test, appropriate post hoc tests.Results: In the premolars tested in vitro, the percentage of dentin removed in the premolars with two dental roots in the CEC group (3.85% ± 0.42%) was significantly smaller (P < 0.05) than in the TEC group (4.94% ± 0.5%). The untouched canal wall (UCW) after instrumentation for TECs (16.43% ± 6.56%) was significantly lower (P< .05) than the UCW (24.42% ± 9.19%) for CECs in single-rooted premolars. No significant differences were observed in the increased canal volume and surface areas in premolars between the TEC and CEC groups (P > 0.05). CECs conserved coronal dentin in premolars with two dental roots but no impact on the instrument efficacy, the root canal filling or the biomechanical responses was observed. There were no differences between the CEC groups and the TEC groups in the percentage of filling material and voids (P > 0.05). In addition, the mean load at failure of premolars did not significantly differ between the CEC and TEC groups and there was no significant difference in the type of fracture (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that CEC could not improve the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated premolars. The instrumentation efficacy and the percentage of filling material did not significantly differ between CECs and TECs in the premolars.Keywords: 3D-printed template, contracted endodontic cavities, instrumentation efficacy, root canal filling, fracture resistance
Regional differences in reasons for consultation and general practitioners’ spectrum of services in Northern Germany – Results of a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Schäfer Ingmar , Hansen Heike , Ruppel Thomas , Lühmann Dagmar , Wagner Hans-Otto , Kazek Agata , Scherer Martin
Published: November 2019

Background Among other factors, the patients’ consultation reasons and GPs’ spectrum of services determine the process and outcome of the medical treatment. So far, however, there has been little information on differences in reasons for consultation and GPs’ services between urban and rural areas. Our study’s goal was thus to investigate these factors in relation to the regional location of GPs’ practices. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study based on standardised GP interviews in a quota sampling design. All counties and independent cities within a radius of 120 km around Hamburg were divided into three regional categories (urban area, environs, rural area) and stratified proportionally to the population size. Differences in the number of reasons for consultation and services were analysed by multivariate linear regressions in mixed models adjusted for random effects on the levels of the German federal states and administrative districts. Differences in individual consultation reasons and services were identified by logistic regression via stepwise forward and backward selection. Results Primary care practices in 34 of the 37 selected administrative districts (91.9%) were represented in the dataset. In total, 211 GPs were personally interviewed. On average, GPs saw 344 patients per month with a slightly higher number of patients in rural areas. They reported 59.1 ± 15.4 different reasons for consultation and 30.3 + 3.9 different services. There was no statistically significant regional variation in the number of different consultation reasons, but there was a broader service spectrum by rural GPs (ß=-1.42; 95% confidence interval -2.75/-0.08; p=0.038) which was statistically explained by a higher level of medical training. Additionally, there were differences in the frequency of individual consultation reasons and services between rural and urban areas. Conclusion GPs in rural areas performed more frequently services usually provided by medical specialists in urban areas. This might be caused by a low availability of specialists in rural areas. The association between medical training and service spectrum might imply that GPs compensate the specific needs of their patients by completing advanced medical training before or after setting up a medical practice. Trial registration The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02558322).
Rosmarinic acid exerts a neuroprotective effect on spinal cord injury by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation via modulating the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways
Authors: Ma Zhanjun , Lu Yubao , Yang Fengguang , Li Shaoping , He Xuegang , Gao Yicheng , Zahng Guangzhi , Ren Enhui , Wang Yonggang , Kang Xuewen
Published: November 2019

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system injury for which few efficacious drugs are available. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a water-soluble polyphenolic phytochemical, has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the effect of RA on SCI is unclear. We investigated the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of RA on SCI in vivo and in vitro. Methods: In vivo experiment, The BBB locomotion scale, the inclined plane test, Nissl staining, and spinal cord edema were employed to determine the neuroprotective effects of RA treatment after SCI. Inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were detected by commercial kits and cell apoptosis status was measured by TUNEL staining. A proteomics and bioinformatics approach, together with Western blotting, was used to investigate the effect of RA on the proteome of SCI rats. In vitro experiment, oxidative stress and inflammatory injury were induced by H2O2 and LPS stimulation. Effects of RA on cell viability, apoptosis, inflammatory, and oxidative stress were evaluated. Results: Using a rat model of SCI, we showed that RA improved locomotor recovery after SCI and significantly mitigated neurological deficit, increased neuronal preservation, and reduced apoptosis. Also, RA inhibited activation of microglia and the release of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and MDA. Moreover, proteomics analyses identified the Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways as targets of RA. Pretreatment with RA increased levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and reduced those of TLR4 and MyD88 as well as phosphorylation of IkB and subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65. Using H2O2- and LPS-induced PC12 cells, we found that RA ameliorated the H2O2-induced decrease in viability and increase in apoptosis and oxidative injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Also, LPS-induced cytotoxicity and increased apoptosis and inflammatory injury in PC-12 cells were mitigated by RA by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 weakened the effect of RA on oxidant stress, inflammation and apoptosis in SCI rats, and significantly increased the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Conclusions: Therefore, the neuroprotective effect on SCI of RA may be due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are mediated by modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB pathways. Moreover, RA activated Nrf2/HO-1, which amplified its inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
Hyperhomocysteinemia accompany with metabolic syndrome increase the risk of left ventricular hypertrophy in rural Chinese
Authors: Yu Shasha , Chen Yintao , Yang Hongmei , Guo Xiaofan , Zheng Liqiang , Sun Yingxian
Published: November 2019

Background: To investigate the influence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in residents in rural Northeast China.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional baseline data analysis of 6837 subjects (mean age: 54±10 years) recruited from a rural area of China. Anthropometric indicators were measured according to standard methods. MetS was defined by the modified ATP III criteria.
HHcy was defined according to the WHO standard: an Hcy level >15 μmol/L representing HHcy. Four groups were defined: non-HHcy & non-MetS, HHcy & non-MetS, MetS & non-HHcy and HHcy & MetS.
Results: The left ventricular mass index for height2.7 (LVMH2.7) in both sexes was significantly higher in the HHcy & MetS group than in the non-HHcy & non-MetS group (females: 51.23±16.34 vs. 40.09±10.55 gm-2.7, P<0.001; males: 48.67±12.24 gm-2.7 vs. 42.42±11.38 gm-2.7, P<0.001). A similar result was observed in those groups when using the left ventricular mass index for body surface area (LVMI) to define LVH (females: 103.58±31.92 gm-2 vs. 86.63±20.47 gm-2, P<0.001; males: 106.10±24.69 gm-2 vs. 98.16±23.29 gm-2, P<0.001). The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that the HHcy & MetS group had a higher risk of LVH than the other three groups (OR: 1.628 for LVMI, P<0.001, OR: 2.433 for LVMH2.7, P<0.001). Moreover, subjects in the HHcy & non-MetS group [OR (95% CI): 1.297 (1.058, 1.591) for LVMI, P<0.05; OR (95% CI): 1.248 (1.044, 1.492) for LVMH2.7, P<0.05] also had a statistically greater risk of LVH than subjects in the non-HHcy & non-MetS group. The HHcy & non-MetS group was also found to be significantly and independently associated with LVH.
Conclusion: Hyperhomocysteinemia has an independent effect on LVH. The combined effect of MetS and hyperhomocysteinemia might increase the strength of the abovementioned effects.
The impact of social participation on health among middle-aged and elderly adults Evidence from longitudinal survey data in China
Authors: Ma Xinxin , Piao Xiangdan , Oshio Takashi
Published: November 2019

Social participation (SP) is known to have a favourable impact on health. However, studies on the issue have been conducted mainly in advanced countries, and results in China have been mixed. This study examined the impact of SP on health outcomes of middle-aged and elderly adults in China, adjusted for simultaneity and heterogeneity biases. Methods 57,417 observations of 28,935 individuals obtained from the population-based, three-wave panel survey: Chinese Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), conducted from 2011, 2013, and 2015 were used. The associations between one- or two-wave-lagged SP and health outcomes (mental health, self-rated health [SRH], activities of daily living [ADL], and diagnosed diseases) were examined by linear regression models. Individual-level heterogeneity was addressed by the random-effects estimation method. Results SP was found to have a positive impact on mental health and ADL, whereas it did not affect much SRH or diagnosed diseases. The impact of SP differed by SP type; playing Mah-jong (Chinese traditional game), chess, or cards, or going to the community club had the most favourable effect. The impact of SP on health was also found to be greater for women than men and greater for individuals aged 60–69 years than those aged 45–59 years and aged 70 and older. Conclusions SP had positive, albeit selective, impacts on health outcomes among middle-aged and elderly adults in China. The results suggest that policy measures to encourage these individuals to engage in SP are needed to enhance their health.
Evaluation of rapid extraction methods coupled with Recombinase polymerase amplification assay for point-of-need diagnosis of Post-kala-azar-dermal leishmaniasis
Authors: Chowdhury Rajashree , ghosh prakash , Khan Md. Anik Ashfaq , Hossain Faria , Faisal Khaledul , Nath Rupen , Baker James , Wahed Ahmed Abd El , Maruf Shomik , Nath Proggananda , Ghosh Debashis , Rashid Md. Masud-Ur , Duthie Malcolm S , Mondal Dinesh
Published: November 2019

Introduction Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) usually develops as sequelae of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and can manifest in multiple dermatological forms. Since PKDL patients harbor Leishmania donovani parasites and can potentially trigger inter-epidemic transmission of the disease, the success of kala-azar elimination programme could be jeopardized by these cases. Although several molecular methods with promising diagnostic efficacy have been developed to detect PKDL cases, albeit complicated and expensive DNA extraction methods limit their application in resource poor settings. To address this, in comparison to a reference DNA extraction method (Qiagen), we evaluated two rapid DNA extraction methods and determined their impact on the detection of the parasite DNA using our newly developed recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay.Methods Thirty suspected PKDL cases were enrolled after diagnosis by clinical examination and a positive rk39 strip test. DNA was extracted from three skin biopsy samples using either a spin column-based method (Qiagen) or one of two rapid DNA extraction methods, (Boil & Spin (B&S) and SpeedXtract (SE)). RPA and qPCR were subsequently performed with the extracted samples to detect L. donovani DNA.Results Using DNA extracted by Qiagen method, the qPCR and RPA assays exhibited sensitivities of 86.7% and 93.3% respectively. In contrast, the sensitivity of RPA assay dropped to 76.7% and 63.3%, respectively, when the B&S and SE rapid extraction methods were performed. Despite this compromised sensitivity, B&S-RPA technique yielded an excellent agreement with both Q-qPCR (k = 0.828) and Q-RPA (k =0.831) techniques. Moreover, SE-RPA showed good agreement with Q-qPCR (k = 0.755), Q-RPA (k =0.692) and B&S-RPA (k =0.635) assays. As expected, with all of the three DNA extraction methods, both qPCR and RPA assay showed absolute specificity.Conclusions This study finding substantiates the superior diagnostic efficacy of Qiagen DNA extraction method over B&S and SE method in detecting LD DNA through RPA assay from skin biopsy of PKDL patients. To apply these rapid DNA extraction methods in resource-constrained settings, further methodological refinement is warranted to improve DNA yield and purity through rigorous experiments.
Hand hygiene compliance in the intensive care unit of the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital.
Authors: Sebola Dikeledi Carol , Boucher Charlie , Maslo Caroline , Qekwana Daniel Nenene
Published: November 2019

Hand hygiene compliance remains the cornerstone of infection prevention and control (IPC) in healthcare facilities. However, there is a paucity of information on the level of IPC in veterinary health care facilities in South Africa. Therefore, this study evaluated hand hygiene compliance of healthcare workers and visitors in the intensive care unit (ICU) at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital (OVAH). Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare workers (HCWs) and visitors in the ICU using the infection control assessment tool (ICAT) as stipulated by the South African National Department of Health. Direct observations using the “five hand hygiene moments” criteria as set out by the World helath Organisation were also recorded. The level of compliance and a 95% confidence interval were calculated for all variables. Results: Individual bottles of alcohol-based hand-rub solution and hand-wash basins with running water, soap dispensers, and paper towels were easily accessible and available at all times in the ICU. In total, 296 observations consisting of 734 hand hygiene opportunities were recorded. Hand hygiene compliance was also evaluated during invasive (51.4%) and non-invasive (48.6%) procedures. The overall hand hygiene compliance was 24.3% (178/734). In between patients, most HCWs did not sanitize stethoscopes, leashes, and cellular phones used. Additionally, the majority of HCWs wore jewellery below the elbows. The most common method of hand hygiene was hand-rub (58.4%), followed by hand-wash (41.6%). Nurses had a higher (44%) level of compliance compared to students (22%) and clinicians (15%). Compliance was also higher after body fluid exposure (42%) compared to after patient contact (32%), before patient contact (19%), after contact with patient surroundings (16%), and before an aseptic procedure (15%). Conclusion: Hand hygiene compliance in this study was low, raising concerns of potential transmission of hospital-acquired infections and zoonoses in the ICU. Therefore, it is essential that educational programs be developed to address the low level of hand hygiene in this study.
Effectiveness of distal tibial osteotomy with distraction arthroplasty in varus ankle osteoarthritis
Authors: Nozaka Koji , Miyakoshi Naohisa , Kashiwagura Takeshi , Kasukawa Yuji , Saito Hidetomo , Kijima Hiroaki , Chida Shuichi , Tsuchie Hiroyuki , Shimada Yoichi
Published: November 2019

Background Advanced to end-stage ankle osteoarthritis in highly active older individuals has traditionally been treated using tibiotalar arthrodesis. Tibiotalar arthrodesis is possible to have high levels of pain-free function, however there is loss of ankle joint movement and a risk of arthrosis of adjacent joints in the future. Distraction arthroplasty is a simple method with a possibility of the joint cartilage repair but current results are mixed with reports of patients with better pain scores and some without any improvement. Distal tibial osteotomy (DTO) without fibular osteotomy, a type of joint preservation surgery, has garnered attention in recent years, However, as far as we know, there are no reports on DTO with joint distraction using a circular external fixator. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of DTO with joint distraction using a circular external fixator on ankle osteoarthritis.Materials and Methods A total of 21 patients with medial ankle arthritis were examined. Arthroscopic synovectomy and a microfracture procedure were performed. Then angled osteotomy and correction of the distal tibia were performed. After ankle conditions improved, the stabilization of the ankle joint was performed. An external fixator was used in all patients. In addition, joint distraction of about 5.8 mm was performed. All patients were allowed full weight-bearing walking immediately after surgery.Results Antero-posterior mortise angle during weight-bearing, lateral mortise angle during weight-bearing, and talar tilt angle and anterior translation of the talus in ankle stress radiography significantly improved (P < 0.05). In addition, signal changes in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improved in all patients. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS ) and The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores also improved significantly (P < 0.05). No severe complications were observed.Conclusion DTO with joint distraction may be useful for older patients with a high physical activity level as joint preserving surgery for medial ankle osteoarthritis.
Oral health status and associated lifestyle behaviors among Iranian adults: a population based household survey
Authors: Jahangiry Leila , Bagheri Raziollah , Darabi Fatemeh , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Sistani Mohammad Mehdi Naghibi , Ponnet Koen
Published: November 2019

Background: Poor oral hygiene can lead to serious diseases, like periodontitis, tooth decay, pain and discomfort in teeth or gums, infection, and loss of teeth. In Iran, particularly adults between 50 years and older experience oral health problems, and this age group will grow the next decades. Despite increasing attention into healthy aging, there is less emphasis on oral hygiene. This survey aimed to investigate oral health status among Iranian adults. This knowledge may provide vital information to those who are planning strategies of oral health care. Method: A population-based household survey was conducted to recruit a representative sample of adults. This study was carried out among adults aged 18-65 years between May and October 2016 in Tabriz, Iran. The study population was sampled using a multi-stage cluster sampling design. The WHO’s oral health questionnaire (WHO’s OHQ) was used for measuring oral health status and oral health behavior. Results: In total, 2310 respondents completed the survey. The mean age (SD) of the participants was 41.6(23.4) years. About 48.8% of participants were male and 51.2% were female. 187(8.1%) were edentulous, and 152 (20.7%) of those participants were aged 50 to 65 years. 72.3% of the sample were dentate in that they had 20 or more teeth. Half of adults aged 50-65 years said they had 20 or more teeth. In general, about one-third of the participants reported that they don’t brush their teeth daily (23% for 18-35-year-old adults, 35.9% for 36-50-year-old adults, and 44.6% for 51- to 65-year-old adults). In our sample, 39.4% of 18-35-year-olds, 34.1% of 36-50-year-olds, and 26.6% of 51-65-year-olds had visited a dentist less than six months ago. One-third of participants eat sweets every day and frequently consume tea with sugar. Conclusion: The oral health status indicates that even though the majority of Iranian people assess their dental health positively, only a minority of participants have regular dental visits. Visits to the dentist decline by increasing age, and oral health problems increase. The study findings underline the importance of dental visits and that poor oral health may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes, particularly as age increases.
İletişimde “Dijital Görgüsüzlük”: Gerçekliğin Karikatürize Edilmiş Hali
Authors: Oğuz Cihan
Published: November 2019

İnternetin ve yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin 2000’li yıllardan itibaren hızla yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte, geleneksel haberleşme ve iletişim şekilleri de değişime uğramıştır. Özellikle genç kuşaklarda akıllı cep telefonları adeta “bedenin bir parçası” haline gelirken, kuşaklararası iletişim kanalları da X ve Y kuşaklarının aleyhine tıkanmaya başlamıştır. Z Kuşağı veya Alfa Kuşağı olarak adlandırılan en genç kuşağın, iletişimin şekli ve kuralları konusundaki tutumu da, özde bağımsız ve özgür bir ruha işaret etse de, bir önceki kuşakların yaşam tarzına ters düşen kimi biçimsel uygulamaları içermektedir. Toplu taşım araçlarında herkesin başını akıllı cep telefonlarına gömerek hayatını dijitalleştirmesi, sokakta görüntülü olarak cep telefonlarıyla yüksek sesle konuşulması, bir kafede oturan 4-5 kişilik arkadaş grubunun sürekli cep telefonlarıyla ilgilenmesi, yasak ve/veya tehlikeli olmasına rağmen uçaklarda cep telefonlarının son ana kadar kapatılmaması ya da uçuş moduna alınmaması, sinema veya konserlerde sık sık çalan cep telefonları, hoca ders anlatırken bile öğrencilerin sıra altından mesajlaşması gibi gündelik hayatta sıkça rastlanan davranışlar, yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin sorgulanmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada dijital görgüsüzlük olgusu, gündelik hayat sosyolojisi ve kısmen "serbest zaman" kavramı çerçevesinde ele alınmış, teknolojik gelişmelerin neden olduğu kültürel davranış değişiklikleri eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla tartışılmıştır.
Developing a Text Messaging Intervention to Reduce Deliberate Self-Harm in Chinese Adolescents: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Duan Suqian , Wang Haoran , Wilson Amanda , Qiu Jiexi , Chen Guanmei , He Yuqiong , Wang Yuanyuan , Ou Jianjun , Chen Runsen
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Deliberate self-harm is common during adolescence and can have detrimental consequences for the well-being of adolescents. Although it is sometimes difficult to engage adolescents in traditional psychotherapies for deliberate self-harm, SMS text messaging has been shown to be promising for cost-effective and low-intensity interventions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the views of Chinese adolescents with deliberate self-harm about SMS text messaging interventions in order to develop an acceptable and culturally competent intervention for adolescents with deliberate self-harm.

METHODS

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 adolescents who had experience with deliberate self-harm. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Four themes were identified: beneficial perception of receiving messages, short frequency and duration of messages, caring content in messages, and specific times for sending messages. Most of the participants perceived SMS text messaging interventions to be beneficial. The key factors that emerged for the content of the intervention included encouragement and company, feeling like a virtual friend, providing coping strategies, and individualized messages. In addition, the preferred frequency and duration of the SMS text messaging intervention were identified.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study will help in the development of a culturally appropriate SMS text messaging intervention for adolescents with deliberate self-harm. It has the potential to decrease deliberate self-harm instances by providing acceptable support for adolescents with deliberate self-harm who may be reluctant to seek face-to-face psychotherapies.
Delaware’s 1999-2017 Leading Causes of Death Information Illustrates Its Obesity and Obesity-Related Life-Limiting Disease Burdens
Authors: D’Souza Malcolm J. , Li Riza C. , Wentzien Derald E.
Published: November 2019

Using commercially available but powerful big data analytics, this non-clinical obesity and underlying causes of death observational study, analyzed the very large US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) State of Obesity records, the CDC WONDER data, and the US census records. Compared to the 1999-to-2017 US obesity rate increase of 29.8%, an uncontrolled increase in Delaware’s obesity rate (81.7%) was observed. During the same time period, CDC WONDER death certificate archives disclosed that there was a 60.53% surge in crude Delawarean mortality rate when obesity was listed as a single underlying cause of death. When any mention of obesity was documented on the death certificate, Delaware’s 1999-2017 crude mortality rate advanced by 75.69% and its age-adjusted rate rose by 53.18%. Likewise, except for one year, Delaware’s African American/Black population experienced higher crude mortality rate averages but however, between the years of 1997 and 2017, its Caucasian/White inhabitants had an enormous 87.34% death rate increase. With additional available CDC mortality data, Delaware males saw substantially larger age-adjusted death rate increases (79.87%) than their female counterparts (28.92%).Diabetes, circulatory system diseases, and neoplasms (cancer), are three common obesity comorbidities. For these three conditions, Delaware’s 1999-2017 mortality rate figures mimic the falling national patterns of mortality rate averages, when each disease is listed as the single underlying cause of death, including observations where there are disproportionate numbers of cases that affect the African American/Black race.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PROTAGONIST IN ROWLING’S HARRY POTTER AND THE SORCERER STONE
Authors: Made Rai Suarniti Gusti Ayu
Published: November 2019

The title of this paper is “Psychological Analysis of Protagonist in Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Sorcerer Stone. The aims this study were to find out the psychological problems of protagonist in it his case the problems of emotional feelings that showed in the story and also the influence of protagonist emotional feelings to his surroundings or his self. The data were collected by reading the novel thoroughly then using the note-taking technique before being identified into Psychology aspect. The collected data were descriptively analyzed by using qualitative-descriptive method to classify the types of protagonist emotional feelings and influence of protagonist emotional feelings to his surroundings or his self-found in the novel. Based on the result of the analysis, it is found there are two kinds of emotional feelings, those are: negative emotional feeling and positive emotional feeling. And the analysis he focused on the psychological analysis of protagonist in dealing with his emotion that showed in the story. According to the data, protagonist emotion can influence his surrounding and his self. It make emotional feeling become an influencer of a situation.
THE TRANSLATION OF STATE VERBS IN GONE WITH THE WIND INTO LALU BERSAMA ANGIN : NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE APPROACH
Authors: Krisna Dewi Desak Ayu , Sudipa I Nengah , Sukarini Ni Wayan
Published: November 2019

This writing aims to reveal what translation techniques are applied in translating state verbs and. to analyze how meanings are retained from source language text to target language text in the novel. It is also highlights the correlation between translation and semantic primes studies. The data focuses on the translation of state verbs taken from the novel Gone with the Wind into Lalu Bersama Angin written by Margareth Mitchell by applying the Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach. This study used a qualitative method means the data are collected by observation and note taking process. There are two main theories applied in this study they are the theory of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) and the theory of translation techniques. NSM is used for a term of reference to break the concept or word down by using a small collection of semantic primes in order to make the differences clear among the meanings of state verbs in the form of paraphrases. The theory of translation techniques by Molina and Albir (2002) is applied in order to discuss the techniques of translation used in state verb lexicon. The result found literal translation is dominating the translation technique that indicates the direct transfer SL text word per word. There is also found translation by applying transposition involved the changes in word class. Another techniques found are modulation technique which change the point of view and discursive creation which deal with establishing a temporary equivalence that is totally unpredictable out of context and the last translation technique found: particularization technique. The findings of the meaning retained from SL text into TL text are based on the subtype of state verb and explicated comprehensively using NSM approach. The categorization of state verb including type of cognition (e.g believing), type of know (e.g remember), type of feel (e.g loved), type of see (e.g stared), type of want (e.g anxious to get). There is also found several phenomena caused by the translation process. The change of intensity of state verb is the one from a higher intensity of meaning to a lower in accordance with the context such as from SL text stared into TL text menatap. The change of type of state verb also found; from type of feel into the type of want such as anxious into menginginkan.
ANALISIS KESANTUNAN BAHASA MEDIA SOSIAL: KOMUNIKASI MAHASISWA KEPADA DOSEN STMIK STIKOM INDONESIA
Authors: Iswara Agus Ari , Susana Kadek Yogi
Published: November 2019

[Title: Analysis of Language Politeness on Social Media: Communication of Student to Lecturer of STMIK STIKOM Indonesia] In 2018, both student and lecture of STMIK STIKOM Indonesia are more active in communicating and interacting on social media rather than use Short Message Service (SMS). This research aimed to do an analysis about scheme of student utterance politeness, representation use of politeness maxim in their text, and the level of their politeness in interact with their lecture through social media. The data collected from documentation of their conversation on social media in two semesters of 2017 until 2018 and it is also collected from questioner and interview with the lecture as the respondent. The data analyzed by applied some theory. The main theory is the theory of politeness from Leech, continued by theory from Scollon, and then supported by Scale of Likert and Guttman. The Result shows that there are ten (10) schemes of interactions happen between student and lecture. They are (1) about assignment, (2) clarification about study, (3) permit of attendance, (4) confirming about lecture attendance, (5) informing about class schedule, (6) informing their contact, (7) confirming about guidance schedule, (8) additional class schedule, (9) module and learning tools, (10) confirming about test. It is found those politeness maxims used in their utterance are Tact Maxim and Generosity Maxim. The instruments that form their politeness are power, social distance, and weight of imposition. Furthermore, about the politeness level of student utterance based on interview with the lecture, it is found that they uses polite utterance, but most of the lecture said that the collage need to create regulation for controlling student in sending text through social media.
GATRA DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Mileh I Nengah
Published: November 2019

[Title: Phrase in Indonesian Language] Indonesian language has a very important position in the Republic of Indonesia. The first position as the national language (October 28, 1928) and the second position as the state language (Chapter XV, article 36 of the 1945 Constitution). The development and founding of Indonesian language is continuously carried out in various ways. Phrase research as one of the elements in the sentence is a real form in the context of developing and fostering Indonesian language. This study aims to describe phrase in Indonesian which includes the notion of phrase, characteristics of phrase, and syntactic functions occupied by phrase. The theory used in this research is Structural theory developed by Ferdinand de Saussure. His views on language as the object of research can be concluded in the form of dichotomies as follows: (1) diachronic study and synchronic analysis, (2) langue and parole, (3) significant and signified, (4) syntagmatic relationships and paradigmatic relationships. Data was collected by observation / observation method which was assisted by note-taking techniques. Data were analyzed by distribution method and synchronous descriptive method which was assisted by substitution and permutation techniques. The presentation of the results of the analysis was done by informal methods with inductive and deductive techniques.
As marcas das relações culturais entre crianças e adultos: um diálogo com a sociologia da infância
Authors: Lima Samantha Dias de , Nascimento Renata Cristina Lacerda Cintra Batista , Ribeiro Ana Sebastiana Monteiro
Published: November 2019

O presente ensaio teórico objetiva problematizar a compreensão de infância(s) e de criança, bem como das relações culturais, destas, na contemporaneidade, sob um olhar renovado da Sociologia da Infância. Elege como sustentação teórica os Estudos da Infância, com uma aproximação mais potente da Sociologia da Infância, por meio de referencial bibliográfico selecionado. Como resultados apresenta a potência das relações culturais da criança com os adultos como um dos caminhos possíveis, para visibilizar as crianças e as infâncias contemporâneas, o qual necessita ser considerado pelas instituições que a criança participa como a família e a escola.
Duality in Quantum Quenches and Classical Approximation Algorithms: Pretty Good or Very Bad
Authors: Hastings Matthew B.
Published: November 2019

We consider classical and quantum algorithms which have a duality property: roughly, either the algorithm provides some nontrivial improvement over random or there exist many solutions which are significantly worse than random. This enables one to give guarantees that the algorithm will find such a nontrivial improvement: if few solutions exist which are much worse than random, then a nontrivial improvement is guaranteed. The quantum algorithm is based on a sudden quench of a Hamiltonian; while the algorithm is general, we analyze it in the specific context of MAX-K-LIN2, for both even and odd K. The classical algorithm is a ``dequantization of this algorithm", obtaining the same guarantee (indeed, some results which are only conjectured in the quantum case can be proven here); however, the quantum point of view helps in analyzing the performance of the classical algorithm and might in some cases perform better.
Decomposable coherence and quantum fluctuation relations
Authors: Mingo Erick Hinds , Jennings David
Published: November 2019

In Newtonian mechanics, any closed-system dynamics of a composite system in a microstate will leave all its individual subsystems in distinct microstates, however this fails dramatically in quantum mechanics due to the existence of quantum entanglement. Here we introduce the notion of a `coherent work process', and show that it is the direct extension of a work process in classical mechanics into quantum theory. This leads to the notion of `decomposable' and `non-decomposable' quantum coherence and gives a new perspective on recent results in the theory of asymmetry as well as early analysis in the theory of classical random variables. Within the context of recent fluctuation relations, originally framed in terms of quantum channels, we show that coherent work processes play the same role as their classical counterparts, and so provide a simple physical primitive for quantum coherence in such systems. We also introduce a pure state effective potential as a tool with which to analyze the coherent component of these fluctuation relations, and which leads to a notion of temperature-dependent mean coherence, provides connections with multi-partite entanglement, and gives a hierarchy of quantum corrections to the classical Crooks relation in powers of inverse temperature.
О классических теоретико-числовых сетках
Authors: Реброва И. Ю. , Чубариков В. Н. , Добровольский Н. Н. , Добровольский М. Н. , Добровольский Н. М.
Published: November 2019

В работе рассмотрена гиперболическая дзета-функция сеток с весами и распределение значений погрешности приближенного интегрирования при модификациях сеток. Рассмотрены: параллелепипедальные сетки M(a,p), состоящие из точек

Mk =({a1k/p },...,{ask/p }) (k = 1,2,...,p);

неравномерные сетки M(P), координаты точек которых выражаются через степенные функции по модулю P: Mk=({k/P},{k2/P}...,{ks/P}) (k = 1,2,...,P),

где P = p или P = p2и p — нечетное простое число; обобщенные равномерные сетки M(⃗n) из N = n1·...·ns точек вида

M k=({k1/n1},{k2/n2}...,{ks/ns}) (kj= 1,2,...,nj(j = 1,...,s));

алгебраические сетки, введённые К. К. Фроловым в 1976 г., и обобщенные параллелепипедальные сетки, изучение которых началось в 1984 г.

Кроме этого, в обзорном порядке рассмотрены p-ичные сетки: сетки Хэммерсли, Холтона, Фора, Соболя и Смоляка. В заключении рассмотрены актуальные проблемы применения теоретико-числового метода в геофизике, требующие дальнейшего исследования.
Теорема о среднем для неполных рациональных тригонометрических сумм
Authors: Чубариков В. Н. , Салиба Х. М.
Published: November 2019

При 2k > 0.5n(n+1)+1 0 ≤ l ≤ 0,5k−w−1,w = [lnn/lnp,] доказана асимптотическая формула для числа решений системы сравнений

{x1+···+ xk ≡ y1+···+ yk (mod pm)

Xn/1 +···+ xn/k ≡ yn/1 +···+ yn/k (mod pm)},

где неизвестные x1,...,xk,y1,...,ykпробегают значения от 1 до pm−l из полной системы вычетов по модулю pm.

При 2k ≤ 0.5n(n + 1) + 1 найденная формула не имеет места. Пусть 1 ≤ s < r < ··· < n,s + r +···+ n < 0.5n(n + 1),0 ≤ l ≤ 0,5k−w−1. Тогда при2 k > s + r +···+ n для числа решений системы сравнений

{xs/1 +···+ xs/k ≡ ys/1 +···+ ys/k (mod pm)

xr/1 +···+ xr/k ≡ yr/1 +···+ yr/k (mod pm)

xn/1 +···+ xn/k ≡ yn/1 +···+ yn/k (mod pm)},

где неизвестные x1,...,xk,y1,...,ykпринимают значения от 1 до pm−lиз полной системы вычетов по модулю pm, найдена асимптотическая формула. Эта формула не имеет места при 2k ≤ s + r +···+ n.