bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Humic Acid and Nano-NPK on Vegetative Growth of Young Trees of Date Palm Cultivars Phoenix dactylifera L
Authors: Hakeem H M , khalaf Al-ecehagy J M , Medan R A
Published: December 2023

The study was carried out in the palm orchared at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station at the Sayada site of the College of Agriculture / University of Kirkuk / Iraq during for a period from 15/06/2022 to 15/03/2023. The study included two factors, the first factor being two concentrations of humic acid. (20, 40 gm tree−1) and spraying with two concentrations of Nano - NPK (1, 1.5 gm −1), in addition to the control treatment and the second factor, three cultivars of (yellow Shwathi, Khastawy, and Khaddrawy) date palms., as spraying with the nano NPK resulted in With a concentration of 1.5 g L−1, there was a significant increase in the vegetative growth characteristics (number of fronds and tree height), which recorded 8.89, 39.67 cm over the control treatment, While humic acid was superior at a concentration of 40 g tree−1 in the following characteristics (length of wicker and the number of thorns), which amounted to 5.50 cm, and 7.22 thorns of shoot−1, respectively, compared to the comparison treatment. The overlap treatment (1.5 gm L−1 of Nano-NPK and yellow Al-Shwathi cultivar) was superior in the number of thorns, and the same concentration of Nano - NPK with the Khaddrawy cultivar was superior in tree height.
Effect of Moisture Depletion on Gynoecious Cucumber Genotypes and Water Consumption Estimation
Authors: Mohammed I A , Alabdaly M M M
Published: December 2023

The study was carried out in the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, in the fall agricultural season for the year 2022. A factorial experiment of two factors was designed according to the arrangement of the split plots according to the randomized complete block design with three replicate, The first factor included two levels of moisture depletion, 25 and 50% of the water available to the plant, calculated according to the weight method, and placed in the main plots, and the second factor included 5 genotypes With a sixth hybrid to compare (Kanz), placed in the sub plots, Drip irrigation was used in the irrigation of the experiment using GR tubes with a drainage of 3.2 liters h−1. The results of the study showed that moisture depletion exceeded 25% in the characteristics of plant height, number of nodes, number of fruits, and plant yield, as it reached 288.04 cm and 31.07 nodes Plant−1 42.23 fruits Plant−1 3.68 kg Plant−1, respectively, while moisture depletion recorded 50% 252.59 cm. And 26.98 nodes Plant−1 37.69 fruit plant−1 3.15 kg plant−1, respectively, for the same characteristics. While the depletion exceeded 50% in the early yield, reaching 1.313 kg plant−1. We conclude from the experiment that the best genotypes were the 4×1 hybrid and irrigation at the level of 25% depletion was the best in all traits except early in yield.
Effect of Adding Poultry Manure and Spray with Foliar Nutrients on the Growth and Yield of Broccoli Brassica oleracea Var. Italica.
Authors: Samer Al-Jumaili H A , Mahmood S A
Published: December 2023

The study was conducted in Al-Bu’itha research station -College of Agriculture - University of Anbar, during the growing season 2022 to find out the effect of poultry manure at levels (0, 100, 200 and 400 g plant−1) and spraying with Foliar nutrients at concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 6 ml L−1) on the growth and yield of broccoli, A factorial experiment was carried out according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results Showed That were significant differences when added poultry manure, as the treatment was superior to 400 g plant−1 in plant height 72.60cm, the total number of leaves 45.17 leaf plant−1, leaves area 127.64dm2 plant−1, stem diameter 36.94 mm, and the percentage of chlorophyll 83. 95 Spad, the weight of the main flower stalk 1.491 kg, plant−1, and the total weight of the main flower stalk is 47.94 tons ha−1. The interaction between the factors of the study, the treatment of adding organic fertilizer at a concentration of 400 g plant−1 and spraying with a nutrient solution at a concentration of 6 ml L−1 had a significant superiority in yield characteristics from the weight of the main flower stalk 1.781 kg plant−1, and the total weight of the main flower stalk 59, 41 tons ha−1.
In Vitro Propagation of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)
Authors: Ali H H , Al-ecehagy J M K , Noori A M
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in the plant cell and tissue culture laboratory of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping / College of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk – Iraq. To study in vitro propagation of pomegranate by adding (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) mg .L−16-benzyladenine (BA) and (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0) mg .L−1Kinetin (Kin) on Initiation state. The results showed that the highest rate number of branches is 1.20 branches. Vegetative part −1 for the medium supplemented with 0.5 mg .L−1 BA, the highest average for the longest length branch was 2.00 cm, the highest average for the number of leaves was 6.40. Vegetative part −1 when cultivated in the medium supplemented with 1.5 mg.L−1 BA. Whereas, when treated with Kin, the highest rate of the number of branches was recorded, 0.70 branches, vegetative part−1. The length of the most extended branch was 1.00 cm, at a concentration of 4 mg .L−1. The highest average number of leaves was 3.40 leaves, vegetative part-1, when cultured with the medium supplied with 8 mg. L −1.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid and 6-Benzyladenine Stimulate of Indication and Biomass Accumulation in a Phaseolus Vulgaris Callus Culture
Authors: Rashid R K , Neamah S I
Published: December 2023

Obtaining callus tissue is one of the essential aims of plant tissue culture technology due to its great importance in subsequent experiments. The present study aimed to determine the interactive effects of plant growth regulators in stimulating calli cultures from the hypocotyl of Phaseolus vulgaris. The study was conducted in the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Desert Studies Center, University of Anbar. Different concentrations of 2,4-D were used, including 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 mg L−1, with concentrations of BA including 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg L−1. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was used to obtain sterile seedlings. The seeds were sterilized with four concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 6% for 5, 10 and 15 min. We use the complete random design (RCD) for coefficient distribution. The results showed the mixture of NaOCl 4.0% for 10 min recorded the highest percentage of sterile seedling production (SSP) at 90%. As for the induction of callus culture, the hypocotyl extracted from sterilized seedlings was grown in MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D and BA concentrations for 21 days. The results showed that the combination 2.0+1.5 mg L−1 caused the highest callus formation response (CFR) by 100%, the lowest complete callus formation (CCF) by 5.80 days, and the highest fresh weight (FW) by 4.318 g. At the same time, the combination of 2.0+2.0 mg L−1 reduced the start of callus formation (SCF) by 3.40 days.
Feeding Programs and Addition High Levels of Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin D3 to Aged Laying Hens’ Diets on Productive Performance
Authors: Abood N K , Mousa B H
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in poultry farm belong to Department of Animal Production/College of Agriculture/University of Anbar from 15/3/2022 to 6/6/2022 (84) days, 3 periods (28 days/period). The aim of studying was studying effect of feeding programs and addition high levels of Calcium, phosphorous and vitamin D3 to aged laying hens’ diets on productive performance. In this study, 150-layer hens of Lohmann Brown breed, aged 52 weeks were used in this experiment. Laying hens were distributed randomly to ten treatments with five replicates per treatment (3 hens/replicate) in close system (cages). A completely randomized experimental design with a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement consisting Morning feeding with once time (A1), Evening feeding with twice times equal half (A2) 6 hours difference between the first and second period. Feed Additives (B) included: B1(3000 IU vitamin D3, 3.5% Ca and 0.5% P). B2(5000 IU vitamin D3, 4% Ca and 0.6% P.), B3(5000 IU vitamin D3, 4.5% Ca and 0.7% P), B4 (7000 IU vitamin D3, 4% Ca and 0.6% P), B5 (7000 IU vitamin D3, 4.5% Ca and 0.7% P). During the experimental periods hen’s performance traits included egg production H.D%, egg weights, egg mass, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio were recorded. The results of statistical analysis showed that no effect of feeding programs A1 and A2 on productive performance which included egg production (H.D %), egg weight, egg mass, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio.
Effect of speed and die holes diameter in the machine on feed pellets quality
Authors: Abbas Basim A , Jasim Abdulrazzak A , Bander Luma K
Published: December 2023

The study aimed to effect of speed and die holes diameter in the machine on feed pellets quality. In this study was measured pellet direct measurement (%), pellet lengths (%), pellet durability (%) and pellet water absorption (%). Three die speeds 280, 300, and 320 rpm, three diameters of die holes in the machine 3, 4, and 5 mm, have been used. The results showed that increasing the pellet die speeds from 280 to 300 then to 320 rpm led to a significant decrease in direct measurement, pellet durability, and pellet water absorption was increased, whereas it did not significantly affect the pellet lengths. Increasing the die holes diameter from 3 to 4 then to 5 mm led to a significant decrease in the pellet direct measurement, pellet lengths, pellet durability, and increased pellet water absorption. Pellet die speeds of 280 rpm and the die holes diameter of 3 mm recorded the highest direct measurement 95.61%, pellet lengths 86.30%, pellet durability 93.45%, and less pellet water absorption 15.74%. The minimum die speed and die holes diameter gave the highest pellet direct measurement, pellet lengths, pellet durability and lowest pellet water absorption with all the considered indicators.
Study some Genetic Variance and Breeding Value on Productive Performance for Local Chicken Differ in Polymorphism of Growth Hormone Gene
Authors: Al-anbari E H , Al-rekabi M M , Attallah O K
Published: December 2023

To fix and detect some value of genetic selection parameters for hens of local chicken differ in growth hormone GH gene polymorphisms, PCR-RFLP technique used with MSP restriction enzyme, three genotype found as AA the wild, AB the heterosis and the mutant BB. Results of some genetic analysis indicating that based on breeding value BV for AA genotype was the highest one 79.913 for body weight at sexual maturity and 1.736 for average age at sexual maturity and 4.373, 5.894 and 0. 438 for average egg product at 100 days and average egg weight at 27 and 34 weeks respectively for the seam AA hens’ genotype. The lowest value for dominant deviation DD was 0.298 for traits of average first egg weight, for body weight at sexual maturity was – 6.659 and – 5.58 for average age at sexual maturity and 0.012 for average egg weight at 20 weeks and 0.042 for average egg weight at 34 weeks for hens with BB genotype. AB genotype was low in trait for average egg weight at 27 and 34 weeks with value of 8.044 and – 0.08 respectively. In conclusion molecular procedure result indicating that depending on some molecular genetic parameters RFLP for such gene of relation with productive performances and BV includes some genetic variances as DD, DV and VA and GV are good tools used in selection programs for local hen’s chicken either if their genotype is with one or two copies of allele A in order to achieve the best genetic group in the way of improving production efficiency for Iraqi local chickens.
Effect of Supplementation of Different Levels of Spirulina Platensis Algae Powder to Two Diets with Two Different Levels of Protein on Some Carcass Characteristics of Lamb
Authors: Al-Salim A H , Al-jboore A R
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted in the experimental lamb’s field of the College of Veterinary Medicine - University of Tikrit for the period from 2/10/2022 to 31/12/2022 for (90 days), as the study aimed to know the effect of different levels of spirulina algae on two diets with two different levels of protein (high and low), and the overlap between them in some characteristics of lamb carcasses. In this study, (24) local lambs were used, their ages ranged between 3-4 months, and an average Initial weight of 20.5 ± 0.9 kg. The experimental lambs were divided into (6) treatments, with (4) lambs for each treatment. The treatments included: the first, second, and third high-protein to which (0,8,12) gm of spirulina was added, respectively, and the fourth, fifth, and sixth low-protein to which (0, 8,12) gm spirulina, respectively. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant superiority (P ≤ 0.05) for the T2 and T3 in the final body weight, which amounted to (33.88) kg and (34.10) kg, and the empty (final body weight without digestive contents) (29.82) kg and (30.27) kg over the T5 in which the weight to wich The final (29.88) kg and the empty (26.06) kg. As for the percentage Shrinkage, There was a significant superiority (P≤0.05) for the T4 over the T3 and T5, as it amounted to (2.76%), (2.09%), and (2.17%), respectively. As for the rest of the studied characteristics (Dressing percentage, primary and secondary cuts), there were No Significant differences.
Effect of Polymorphism of the Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Gene on some Productive Traits of Iraqi Local White Chickens
Authors: Al-Zubaidi K S O , Al-Rekabi M M J , Allaw A A
Published: December 2023

This study targeted to study the multiple manifestations of the NPY gene and to study the possible effect of this gene on the growth and productive traits of the local white Iraqi chicken birds. The results of the study showed that the genotype DD had a significantly excelled at the level (P > 0.01) over the genotype II in the average weight of the first egg (gm).and the characteristic of body weight at maturity (gm), Weight of the first egg for genotype DD was 33.95 ± 0.62 gm and 30.73 ± 0.66 gm for genotype II, While the average body weight at sexual maturity was 1420.60 ± 24.36gm and 1243.15 ± 17.83gm for genotypes DD and II, respectively. The average age at sexual maturity in days, a distinction is noted for the genotype II in the traits of early age at sexual maturity, reaching 131.5 ± 0.99 days for the genotype II and 151.19 ± 1.23 days for the genotype DD. The genotype II had a significant superiority at the level (P < 0.01) on the genotype DD in the characteristic of egg production for a period of 100 days, where the rate of eggs produced for the genotype II was 60.06 ± 1.812 eggs, while it was 44.53 ± 2.032 eggs for the genotype DD.
Study of The Body Composition and Oxidation Indices in Some of Salmon Products Imported to Iraq
Authors: Karim N Y , AlKhshali M S
Published: December 2023

The research aimed to study some oxidation evidences and analyze the body components of salmon fish products imported to Iraq, namely: cubes, fingers, whole fish without head and tail, rings, and fillets to determine their suitability for human consumption. The products were obtained from the King of Fish and Meat company (K.F. M.), the exclusive agent in Iraq, and all products were within one meal and date, and the validity of each product was from 5/10/2021 to 4/7/2022, and the results were as follows: significant differences were recorded in the percentages of moisture, protein, fat and ash, the salmon fish products mentioned above contained a moisture percentage of T1 cubes 71.24, T2 fingers 70.72, T3 whole fish without head and tail 69.25, T4 rings 65.12 and T5 fillets 65.08% respectively, and the percentage of protein for salmon fish products were 20.05, 22.38, 22.46, 18.95 and 18.30% respectively, while the percentage of fat was 9.25, 9.73, 12.42, 13.60 and 11.28% respectively, and the percentages of ash were 1.13, 1.34, 1.29, 1.55 and 1.09% and the percentages were all within the permissible limits. The results of the oxidation indicators showed that no significant differences (0.05 <p) were recorded for the test of thiobarbituric acid (TBA), while the values of the peroxide value (PV) were within the recommended limits.
Effect of Adding Different Levels of Vitamin D3 to Diet and its Relationship to Qualitative Traits and Hatchability for Japanese Quail
Authors: Dawod M S , Al-Bayar M A
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted to understand the effect of adding different levels of vitamin D to the diet of Japanese quail and its relation to qualitative traits and hatchability. The duration of the experiment was 8 weeks. 240 birds (180 females + 60 males) were used on the basis of homogenization, at the age of (45) days, from Japanese quail; The birds were randomly distributed into 4 treatments, each containing 3 replicates, 15 females and 5 males for each replicate, as the birds were raised in floor cages inside the hall. The experimental treatments were distributed as follows: T1: Males and Females feed in diet free from additives D3 control diet) T2: Adding D3 by 50 mg kg - feed from D3 T3: Adding D3 by 100 mg kg -1 m -1 feed from D3 T4: Adding D3 by 150 mg kg feed from D3. The results showed a significant improvement (P ≤ 0.05) in some qualitative characteristics of the egg during the first and second period and the average of the two periods for the treatments compared with the control treatment from the experiment. While the results showed that there were no significant differences in the characteristics of fertility and hatching for each of the first and second hatching, and the rate of hatching for the two treatments compared with the treatment control of the experiment.
Effect of Selenomethionine or Yeast Enriched with Selenium in Antioxidants and some Blood Characteristics of Iraqi Ewes
Authors: Alwardy I A , Mohammed T R , Abdullah A N
Published: December 2023

In the animal farm affiliated with the college of Agriculture/ University of Anbar / Ramadi/ Iraq, this study was conducted to examine the Selenomethionine or yeast enriched with Selenium on antioxidant and some blood characteristics in Iraqi ewes. The study started on the twenty-sixth of July /2022 until the twenty-seventh of January / 2023. Eighteen ewes with an average of age 2 - 3 years and 43 ± 2.5 kg of average body weight (bw) had used. This animal had divided randomly in to three equal groups (each group had six ewes). All ewes had fed on the same ration. Group (1) had considered as a control group and left without treatment, group (2) had treated with Selenomethionine with a dose (0.03 g/kg/bw), while group (3) had treated with yeast enriched with Selenium (Saccharomyces cerevisiae- Selenium) with a dose (0.03 g/kg/bw), agreeing to NRC (1980). The animals had treated for 45 days by dissolving the samples in 30 ml of distilled water and given orally. The samples of blood had collected from the jugular vein during first day (first period), 14th day (second period), 19th day (third period) and 45th day (fourth period) for determine changing in the levels of enzymes.
The Effect of Different Levels of Copper Nano Copper with or without Vitamin E and Vitamin C on some Haematological and Immunological Characteristics of Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio L.
Authors: Hamid H M , Mutar H A
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to find out the effect of different levels of copper and copper nanoparticles with or without vitamin E and vitamin C on some physiological Hb, RBC and immunological Lymphocyte characteristics of common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L), and to determine the effect of high and low concentrations of (Hb, RBC, PVC, WBCs) and lymphocytes, total protein, albumin) in experimental fish. 182 fish were distributed to (26) Aquirum, at a rate of 7 fish / Aquirum, at (3%) feeding rate of the body weight were divided into three meals, Results of biochemical assay showed that increased (P≤0.001). As for the biochemical examinations of blood serum, the fourth and tenth treatments (34.27±0.391<35.39±0.794) were significantly superior to the rest of the control treatments, and both the fifth and (eleventh) treatments decreased significantly (P≤0.001) in total protein. it was significantly superior (P≤0.001). Each of the fourth treatment and each of the treatment (fifth, sixth, eleventh) decreased significantly from the control and the rest of the treatments. Blood components show decreased in the fifth treatment (significantly) (P≤0.001) than control and the rest of the treatments in RBC. As for Hb, the tenth treatment (8.90±0.273) was significantly superior than the control treatment. As for the hematocrit (PVC), the (ninth) treatment 28.800 ± 0.285) excelled, and both the (sixth and eleventh) treatments decreased significantly (P≤0.001). For the control transaction and the rest of the transactions.
Constraints Affecting the Welfare of Domestic Sheep Grazing in the Natural Pasture
Authors: Elkhateeb S Z , Ebraheem M O , Abdulateef S M , Ahmed I A
Published: December 2023

The sheep like other animals need more and more welfare to produce meat of good quality, Sheep welfare problems primarily arise from mutilations, lameness, transportation, and disease. With proper grazing, breeding, and husbandry practices, most health issues in sheep can be resolved or avoided. Grazing involves seeking and choosing feed as well as grabbing and consuming it. The manner in which ruminants or grazing animals grip and consume forages varies. These variations are connected to the sorts of fodder that various ruminants prefer. Heat stress, cold stress, weariness, prolonged thirst, prolonged hunger, hampered movement, movement restrictions, resting issues, social stress, pain, fear, and distress are the welfare types that sheep may encounter during caged, all issues due to shortage of welfare, this results in sheep inside the body that acts as a substance that cannot be used in the metabolic processes and is difficult to get rid of the animal is able to get rid of these substances accumulated inside the body that are difficult to get rid of the presence of natural toxins can be produced through the accumulation of some chemical substances and elements that the animal gets from the food. They come as residues from deteriorated cells or some vital processes in the body.
The Effect of the Storage Period of Hatching Eggs on the Date and Specifications of Hatching and Hatching Chicks for Broilers
Authors: Hilal A N , Musleh A F
Published: December 2023

This locality included the division of eggs into four Factors by 120 eggs for each treatment as follows: The first treatment T1 120 eggs stored for one day. Second treatment T2 120 eggs stored for four days Third treatment T3 120 eggs stored for seven days The fourth treatment T4 120 eggs stored for the eggs of broiler breeder (Ross 308) were obtained from the mothers’ fields of the Rason Poultry Grandfather Company Ltd. / the project of the mothers of Ari - Qushtaba Erbil, located in Erbil governorate near the area of Qushtaba and the age of (42 and 43) weeks. The hatchable eggs were sorted after isolating large, small, dirty and deformed eggs, and the average weight of the eggs for all Factors was 63.6 The eggs were then transferred to the place designated for storing the eggs belonging to the same producing company and the degree of Storage temperature 15-16 ° C and relative humidity 55-60 ° C. The results indicated that the fourth Factor (T4) stored ten days significantly in the TUNA MEASUREMENTS (The rest of the Factors at a significant level (P≤0.05), while no significant effect was recorded for the rest of the Factors at the level of significance (P≥0.05) in all remaining storage factors on a row, while no significant differences appeared for the length of the chicks between all the coefficients.
Detection of Foreign Fat in Some Imported and Local Yogurt in Sulaymaniyah Governorate
Authors: Mahmood A H , Mahmood K T
Published: December 2023

The adulteration of milk fat in dairy products with less expensive non-milk-based fats, vegetable oils and animal fats are a common occurrence in the dairy industry. In this study, some imported and local yogurt which is consumed widely in Sulaymaniyah Governorate was investigated for detecting foreign fat. Fat percent in all brands were less than recorded on their labels, among Iranian brands, Manizan has the lowest fat content, the same result was obtained for local brand (Halla). The Reichert Meissl (RM) number was varying among the imported and local brands, and it was 12.32 and 3.85 for Mersin and Pegah brands, respectively. The fatty acid (FA) composition of milk fat in yogurt samples was studied using GC-MS, and it was showed many differences in fatty acid profiles of yoghurt samples, the highest level of butyric acid (C4:0) appears in Jwanro brand, it is nearly absent in Halla brand. The amount of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in all unbranded samples yogurt are higher than that appear in the milk fat.
Fortification of Yogurt with Ginkgo Biloba Extract and Study its Sensory Properties
Authors: Abdulqahar N O , Alhadithi H J M
Published: December 2023

The aim of the recent study was to determine the impact of ginkgo leaf extract on certain yogurt qualities as color, taste, flavor and consistency in order to elongate the keeping period of yogurt. Yogurt was made according to the followed methods, a quantity of milk was received from a cow breeder in the Ramadi area, the milk was filtered and heated at a temperature of 85 °C for 5 minutes, then the sample was divided into 4 equal parts, the first model was a control treatment, the second was added to it Ginkgo plant extract at a concentration of 20%, the third was added to the same extract at a concentration of 30%, and for the fourth, the extract was added at a concentration of 40%. The effect of ginkgo extract on whey exudation from yogurt at concentrations of 20, 30, 40%, where we notice significant differences in the amount of whey exuded from yogurt at each concentration. It was noted that the lowest amount of exuded whey from yoghurt was at a concentration of 40%, where the amount was 6.4 ml, followed by a concentration of 30%, where the amount of exuded whey was 11.8 ml, and 40% of the ginkgo extract gave the best and least amount compared to the control in which the amount of exuded whey amounted to 38 ml, which confirms the role of the extract in reducing the permeability of yogurt in order to reduce the lost whey.
Studying the Effectiveness of Bromelain Enzyme Extracted from Pineapple Against Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Cells
Authors: Mohamad S A , Sedrah Z T
Published: December 2023

The experiment was carried out in the laboratories of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Bromelain enzyme was extracted from pineapple fruit crown and pineapple peel. An extraction solution was used with different mixing ratios from 1:1 to 5:1. The mixing ratio of 2:1 was the best extraction ratio, as it reached the highest enzymatic activity among the other mixing ratios, which was 33 units. The enzymatic activity of the crown extract was higher than the enzymatic activity of the peel extract, reaching 9.8 units/ml and 1.1 units/ml, respectively, the enzyme was precipitated using ammonium sulfate at a concentration of 30 % - 90 %. This concentration 60% is (total activity 77 units) The enzyme’s anti- inflammatory activity was tested. The enzyme’s anti-cancer activity was tested after selecting two single breast tissue-derived human cancer cell lines, MDA-MD 231 and MCF-7
Detection of Over Expression of Adeb and Acrb –Tolc Efflux Systems Confers Ceftriaxone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter Bumannii and Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Authors: Al-Fahdawi S S , Khudhair N , Lyassin H A
Published: December 2023

Ceftriaxone’s widespread utilisation in treating infections brought on by bacteria with multidrug resistance (MDR) has led to an increase in clinical resistance to the antibiotic in recent years. This research seeks to extract and characterise K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii bacteria, as well as examine the expression of Acr-B and Ade-B resistance genes for anti-Ceftriaxone resistance. Due to the collection of 170 human clinical samples from a diversity of sources. After being cultured, inspected microscopically, subjected to biochemical analysis, and put through the Vitec device, the bacteria revealed that 35 of the isolates were K. pneumoniae and 16 were A. baumannii. The MIC of ceftriaxone was then measured using the nutrient broth technique, and efflux pump gene expression was analysed using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Gene expression results for the Acr-B and Ade-B genes indicated that there was a change in the levels of expression of these genes after ceftrazone treatment of the bacterial isolates; the value of gene expression for the AcrB-Ab gene was 0.8 relative to the control gene, the amount of gene expression for the AcrB-gene Kp was (0.02), and the gene expression of the Ade-B-Kp gene was (10.33), i.e., an increase of (9. No gene expression was identified for the AdeB-Ab gene (the value was 0).
Utilization of Lupine, Corn, Quinoa and Banana Flours to Produce Nutritious Cake for Celiac Disease Patients
Authors: Essa A H , Alkobaese S K H , Kazem R H , Qasim M A
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to produce a nutritious gluten-free cake in which lupine and corn flours were used as the main substitutes for traditional wheat flour. Chemical analyzes were conducting to the four types of flour as a comparison with standard of wheat flour. Rates of carbohydrates to corn flour, lupine flour, banana flour and quinoa flour consecutively (72.20, 34.76, 90.00, 64.16%) comparison with standers were (74.90%). while rates of protein to corn flour, lupine flour, banana flour and quinoa flour were (6.90, 32.00, 2.60,15.00%) but wheat flour was (10.30%) . Also significant were the variation rates of corn flour, lupine flour, banana flour and quinoa flour for lipids whereas were (3.50, 6.03, 0.82, 7.00%) for the stander, it was (1.60%). The sensory evaluation obtained by the consumer indicated that the control cake significantly received the highest score in overall impression, overall flavor, overall texture, puffiness, color and aftertaste. Although, treatments 5 significantly received the highest score in overall impression, flavor and aftertaste in comparison with other gluten free treatments, that represented that treatment 5 was the best of all gluten-free cakes.
Correlation of Tree Health Productivity Indicators with Tree Carbon Stock Estimation (Case Study of Lampung Mangrove Center)
Authors: Nizam Syahiib A. , Safe’i Rahmat , Wulandari Christine
Published: December 2023

Currently, the Lampung Mangrove Center (LMC) forest is experiencing a decline in tree health productivity. This condition is caused by human activities and seawater abrasion, which has an impact on increasing greenhouse gases (GHG) and estimating carbon stocks. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between tree health productivity and tree carbon stock estimation. The stages of the research carried out were: data collection on tree health productivity using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) technique; calculation of tree carbon stock estimation using the Allometric formula based on tree species; and correlation analysis using the Rank-Spearman method. Based on the results of the study, the value of productivity based on volume and the estimated value of carbon stock for Avicennia sp. of 0.38 m3 and 136.14 tons, and Rhizophora sp. of 0.21 m3 and 37.18 tons The correlation coefficient values obtained are: 0.704 (Avicennia sp.) and 0.843 (Rhizophora sp.). Thus, there is a strong and positive correlation between tree health productivity and tree carbon estimates. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to aspects of tree protection to maintain the function of mangroves as CO2 absorbers.
Carbon Storage of Mangrove Forests in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Gandaseca Seca , Ariyanto Chandra Iman , Rahmawaty  , Mohamad Pazi Ahmad Mustapha
Published: December 2023

The emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) gases into the atmosphere is caused by human activities such as manufacturing, vehicle smoke, open burning, and clearing areas of agriculture or development activities. This is a major contributor to global climate change. Mangrove forest is one of the potential areas for carbon storage. For many years, the number of Mangrove forests in Malaysia has been decreasing due to some anthropogenic activity and the exploitation of them for economic gain. This study aims to compare and measure the carbon storage of two different types of mangroves in Malaysia, namely the WSSM and AALL mangroves. The soil samples were randomly collected using peat augers at depths between 0 and 30 cm, and 40 samples were analyzed with a CHNS analyzer. The total carbon content of the soil samples was found to be 12.11% for WSSM and 2.64% for AALL. The significant results and the total soil carbon of humic acid observed at both study sites as well as the seasonal variation led to the conclusion that the soil of mangrove has carbon sequestration potential. As a wildlife sanctuary, Sibuti Mangrove Forest has higher carbon sequestration due to less anthropogenic activity than AALL Mangrove Forest. The conclusion is that the soil of WSSM Mangrove Forest is better in terms of location effect than the soil of AALL. During seasonal sampling comparison, higher soil total carbon content was observed.
Estimation of carbon stock at the mangrove forest of Sangkulirang District, East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan Province
Authors: Andari Luvi , Komara Liris Lis , Kurniawan Nur Patria
Published: December 2023

Mangrove forests provide environmental, economic, and social benefits such as fish breeding, lumber production, water purification, recreation, education, and carbon sequestration. Mangroves are important organic carbon sinks, and there is a lot of interest in using them to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Future climate change and deforestation would have a negative impact on organic carbon storage potential, hence worldwide estimates of future change remain a major research subject. The carbon stock varies by location. The purpose of this study was to estimate the carbon stock of mangroves in Sangkulirang District, East Kutai, East Borneo. Mangrove sediment organic carbon, above-ground biomass, under-ground biomass, and necromass were the parameters studied. Carbon stock was conducted by surveying the mangrove species, diameter, and height on a plot of 20x20m for tree, 10x10m for pole, 5x5 m for sapling, and 2x2 m for seedling. The biomass and carbon stock estimation using an allometric equation. Necromass carbon was conducted by taking a necromas in 1x1m plot and weight them for wet and dry weight. The mangrove carbon estimation method of Indonesian National Standard SNI_7724-2011 was applied in this study. According to the research, the total average carbon in mangroves in Sangkulirang District is 1386,87 Mg C ha-1.
Hunting Techniques, Production Potential and Wild Bee Host Trees Apis dorsata binghami
Authors: Budiaman  , Sadapotto Andi , Gautama Iswara , Muchtar Andi Asikin , Noraeini
Published: December 2023

The wild bees Apis dorsata binghami is a type of bee endemic to Sulawesi which is often hunted and harvested by the community in Boto Lempangan Village, West Sinjai District, Sinjai Regency, which has the potential to produce 50-60 kilograms of honey. The purpose of this study was to analyze the techniques of hunting and harvesting forest honey and the types of host trees (bee trees). This research was conducted using the method of observation, interviews and discussions with respondents related to the research, the research respondents were 20 people who were determined by census. The results showed that the community divided their time between hunting and harvesting forest honey, hunting was carried out for several days until they stayed in the forest for 2-3 days with the stages of hunting techniques: surveying, climbing, expelling bees with smoke, harvesting, sorting and packaging. Equipment used when hunting are plastic sheeting, flashlights, machetes, cooking utensils and food ingredients. The peak season for hunting and harvesting is in September – December. Honey production during the peak season reaches 50 kg per harvest, hunter skills also affect yields. Bee hunters have an average of 6-8 years of hunting experience. The preferred types of host trees (bee trees) for nesting by Apis dorsata binghamii are Kanunang (Cordia myxa), mango (Mangifera indica), Lita-lita (Alstonio scholaris), Tusam (Pinus merkusi), Paliasa (Kleinhovia hospita), and nutmeg (Myristica fragrans).
Mapping of Energy Needs and Biofuel Producing Potential in the Mamasa Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Malamassam Daud , Mustika  , Rijal Syamsu
Published: December 2023

Upper-middle, and high-income countries continue to experience an increase in population, this is followed by an increase not only in food needs but also in energy needs. However, on the other hand, the decline in environmental quality continues to occur, such as a decrease in air and water quality and an increase in critical land. The area that needs attention is the Mamasa watershed ecosystem, the upstream area of the Saddang watershed, a priority watershed for restoration in Indonesia. Supposedly, the Mamasa Watershed should be a protected area, but currently, there are many activities marked by the existence of the center of the Mamasa capital. This study aims to map the community’s energy needs and analyze the potential for alternative fuels in the Mamasa watershed which are expected to be considered for the management of the Mamasa watershed based on the development of alternative energy sources in the future. The research method was carried out using a geographic information system (GIS) supplemented by surveys and literature studies. The survey was conducted through direct interviews with the community to identify the source and quantity of energy, and to analyze its relationship with the socio-economic characteristics of the community using chi-square. Furthermore, analysis of land suitability to identify the potential and directions for biofuel cultivation. The results showed that people in the Mamasa watershed still predominantly use firewood as an energy source. The chi-square test results show a significant relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents and their level of energy consumption, except for the number of dependents. The middle and downstream parts of the Mamasa watershed are potential locations for Nyamplung development. As for the middle section, there is potential for Kemiri Sunan, which can meet the community’s need for firewood and has the potential to rehabilitate critical land in the Mamasa watershed.
Conservation partnership implementation: endangered animal extinction mitigation strategy in Indonesia’s Way Kambas Park
Authors: Tresiana N , Putri VA , Meutia IF , Duadji N , Wulandari FR , Haryanto  , Londa V.Y , Tulusan FMG , Sanjaya R
Published: December 2023

The study examines implementing a conservation partnership program between the government and local communities to mitigate the extinction of endangered species in Way Kambas National Park (WKNP). The study introduces the concept of systems management by considering the bottom-up participation model as an essential factor in the sustainability of conservation partnerships. The study occurred in Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia, and Labuhan Ratu VII village, East Lampung Regency, Lampung, Indonesia. The study uses a qualitative approach and in-depth interviews. The samples taken purposively consisted of the Head of Way Kambas National Park Office, Forest Police Coordinator, Extension Officer, Forest Ecosystem Controller, Head of Labuhan Ratu VII Village, Forest Farmers Group (KTH) and the community of Labuhan Ratu VII village. The study found that the partnership process had successfully formed forest farmer groups (KTH) involving multiple parties based on legal conservation cooperation agreements in ecosystem restoration and rehabilitation zones. KTH’s assistance resulted in progress in changing planning, budgeting, and decision-making models. The study improves new, more appropriate strategies in participation-based endangered species mitigation models.
Innovative agroforestry development in private forest through community partnership
Authors: Hak Bisjoe Achmad Rizal , Muin Nurhaedah , Sumirat Bugi Kabul , Isnan Wahyudi
Published: December 2023

Management of private forests in general is still traditional with various weaknesses of the farmers, including the limited area of private forests ranging from 0.25 – 1 hectare and in general they are not located in one stretch. Therefore, the results of private forest management have not fully provided proper income for farmers, namely in the range of 20-30 percent. Referring to an MTG (Master Tree Grower) approach, innovation was carried out in the development of agroforestry models in private forests by involving neighboring farmers in the form of farmer-to-farmer mentoring (F2FM) through community partnerships. The innovations carried out are in the form of implementing training results and increasing the capacity of private forest farmers to be market oriented in managing forests. Research was conducted in Bulukumba, South Sulawesi in 2018 which aims to find opportunities to increase farmers’ income through the development of innovative agroforestry. The research applied training, interview, observation and FGD (Focus Group Discussion) methods. The results of the research show that there is a change in the orientation of farmers in managing their forests and there are opportunities to increase income from these forests. Innovative agroforestry development can be an option for farmers to increase their income from private forest management.
Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility Using Frequency Ratio Methods in the Lisu Watershed, Barru Regency
Authors: Arsyad U , Hikmah S N
Published: December 2023

Barru Regency is an area with a relatively high frequency of landslides according to BNPB data for 2015. This can be seen in several incidents from 2017 to 2021. The purpose of this research is to identify and determine the level of vulnerability of landslides that occur in an area by utilizing the method Frequency Ratio. The Lisu watershed study area is a research study because it is included in the largest local watershed in Barru Regency. This study uses landslide occurrence point data by including nine factors that cause landslides such as land cover, slope, slope aspect, elevation, rainfall, curvature, distance from river, distance from fault, and lithology. These nine factors are divided into five classes, namely very low, low, medium, high, and very high. The results of the analysis show that the AUC model success rate and prediction accuracy are 0.80 and 0.83. The very high vulnerability to landslides is spread over the Tanete Riaja and Pujananting Districts. This indicates that the frequency ratio method is appropriate as a basis for analyzing the level of landslide vulnerability in the Lisu watershed.
Housing in Gowa Regency: Analysis of Building Approval Based on the Results of Development Impact Assessment on Surrounding Biodiversity
Authors: Irwan I N , Rasyid A R , Sobarsyah M
Published: December 2023

Housing development has significant benefits for the community, but it can also have negative impacts, such as the production of waste that can threaten environmental sustainability, health, and the survival of humans and other living things. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the Building Approval based on the results of the development impact assessment on biodiversity in residential areas in Gowa Regency. This research uses a qualitative analysis method and an interdisciplinary approach to obtain a comprehensive understanding. The information collection technique was conducted through a literature review involving books, journal articles, and news portals as data sources. The results showed that to overcome the impact of development on the surrounding environment, housing developers are required to obtain environmental permits. Environmental permits can be granted if the housing development business has an Environmental Management Effort (UKL-UPL) or Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA). In addition, developers are also required to obtain a space utilization permit as a basis for housing development, as well as an initial mitigation step in monitoring housing growth in the Gowa Regency Region. By conducting this research, it is hoped that it can provide a deeper insight into the effect of housing development on biodiversity in the Gowa Regency. The results of this research are expected to be the basis for relevant parties in making sustainable policies to minimize negative impacts and improve environmental sustainability in housing development in the region.
The Effect of Egg Shell Waste and Arbuscular Mycorrhyza Fungi (AMF) on The Growth of Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W. Grimes in Subsoil Media
Authors: Arty B , Paembonan S A , Millang S , Takdir F S
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to analyze the combination of treatment with egg shell waste and Arbuscular Mycorrhyza Fungi (AMF) to increase the growth of F. moluccana in subsoil media. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 treatments, namely the provision of egg shell waste and the addition of AMF which were divided into 16 combinations with 5 replications. The growth variables observed were height, diameter, total chlorophyll content as indicated by leaf greenness index, biomass, shoot root ratio and seed quality index. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of this study showed that the combination of egg shell waste treatment with AMF was able to increase the growth of F. moluccana in subsoil media. The addition of 30 grams of egg shell waste with 10 grams of AMF in subsoil media showed the best F. moluccana growth compared to other applications such as the addition of egg shell waste or just addition of AMF.
Analysis of Rate Infiltration in Community Forest (HKm) Marayoka, Kapita, and Gunung silanu District
Authors: Hafid Nur Herlinda , Arsyad Usman , Amaliah Rizki
Published: December 2023

This research aims to determine infiltration rate in Marayoka Community Forest, Kapita Community Forest, and Gunung Silanu Community Forest in Jeneponto Regency. This research began in February until to April 2021 for three months. The data collection was done by purposive sampling, taking into account the percentage of the cover ground on the Paine method, after which infiltration measurements were made at the Marayoka Community Forest, Kapita Community Forest, and Gunung Silanu Community Forest. Also, take soil samples to analyze permeability, texture, porosity, organic matter and weight of content in laboratory. The results showed that the rate of highest infiltration rate at Marayoka Community Forest was included in the very fast category, while the lowest infiltration rate outside the Marayoka Community Forest area was included in the medium fast category. This difference is influenced by the physical properties of the soil and the ground.