bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Purification of microalgae crops of ACKU collection from fungal contaminants
Authors: Petlyovana V. , Minglei Chen
Published: January 2021

The work is focused to the selection of the best purification methods of microalgae strains from ACKU collection (Algae Culture Collection of Kyiv University) from contamination by microscopic fungi. The screening of microalgae culture collection ACKU (Algae Culture Collection of Kyiv University) is deal. Contamination of some microalgae strains by fungi of Cladosporium Link, Alternaria Nees, and Monilia Bonord genera was detected. The following strains were selected for the experiment: ACKU 139-02 (Klebsormidium flaccidum (Kütz.) PC Silva, Mattox et Blackwell), ACKU 293-04 (Acutodesmus obliquus (Turpin) P. Tsarenko), ACKU 364-04 (cf. Chlorosarcinopsis dissociata Herndon), ACKU 599-06 (Klebsormidium nitens Menegh. in Kützing), ACKU 600-06 (Klebsormidium flaccidum (Kütz.) PC Silva, Mattox et Blackwell) и ACKU 1056 (Desmodesmus abundans (Kirchn.) E. Hegew.). The effect of carbendazim (Methylbenzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate), Antibiotic Antimycotic Solution (penicillin – 10,000 IU, streptomycin – 10 mg, amphotericin B – 25 μg) and Nuosept BMc 422 on fungi-contaminants of green algal culture strains with different morphological structure (coccoid and filamentous) was studied. Experimental concentrations of substances: carbendazim – 0.005%, Antibiotic Antimycotic Solution – 1%, Nuosept BMc 422 – 0.05% and 0.2%. Was shown that Antibiotic-Antimycotic Solution and Nuosept BMc-422 at the selected concentrations were not effective for purifying of green algae strains from significant contamination by microscopic fungi. It was found that the carbendazim solution is effective in the purification of cocoid green algae strains from contamination by microscopic fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) G.A. de Vries). As a result, an axenic culture was obtained for the ACKU strain No.293-04 (A. obliquus).
The Preliminary Analysis of the Effect of Low-Energy Plasma Treatment on Internal Stresses in a Welded Plate of Steel S355
Authors: Nowak Dominika , Chruścielski Grzegorz , Ambroziak Andrzej , Elkin Igor
Published: January 2021

The articles presents a pilot study aimed to provide preliminary assessment concerning the effect of the low-energy plasma treatment on the level of internal stresses in welded plates. In addition, the article discusses the similarity of a stress relief mechanism based on annealing and that based on low-energy plasma treatment. The extensormetric measurements of internal stresses involving steel S355 after welding and after treatment in the plasma chamber revealed the low-energy plasma treatment-induced reduction of internal stresses.
The Assessment of Selected Properties of Welded Joints in High-Strength Steels
Authors: Tuz Lechosław
Published: January 2021

The use of technologically advanced structural materials entails the necessity of adjusting typical welding processes to special requirements resulting from the limited weldability of certain material groups. Difficulties obtaining high-quality joints may be the consequence of deteriorated mechanical properties and structural changes in materials (beyond requirements of related standards). One of the aforementioned materials is steel characterised by a guaranteed yield point of 1300 MPa, where high strength is obtained through the addition of slight amounts of carbide-forming elements and the application of complex heat treatment processes. A heat input during welding may worsen the aforesaid properties not only in the weld but also in the adjacent material. The tests discussed in the article revealed that the crucial area was that heated below a temperature of 600°C, where the hardness of the material decreased from approximately 520 HV to 330 HV.
Welding of Joints in New Generation Martensitic Steel THOR®115
Authors: Kwieciński Krzysztof , Urzynicok Michał , Ferrara Antonella , Barsan Valentina
Published: January 2021

The present development of materials used in the power engineering industry for elements of boilers characterised by supercritical parameters creates new challenges for the welding engineering sector. The implementation of new combinations of alloying agents aimed to obtain the most favourable mechanical properties, including creep resistance and oxidation resistance, does affect the weldability of steels. Martensitic steels containing 9% of Cr are characterised by high creep resistance and low oxidation resistance at temperature exceeding 600°C. In turn, steels containing 12% of Cr, i.e. VM12-SHC or X20CrMoV12-1, are characterised by significantly higher oxidation resistance but lower strength at higher temperature. In 2018, Tenaris (an Italian concern) developed new steel containing 12% of Cr and designated as THOR®115 (Tenaris High Oxidation Resistance). This article presents experience gained when making welded joints of pipes using various filler metals (W CrMo91, S Ni 6082 and EPRI P87). The research work included the performance of a series of non-destructive tests (VT, PT and RT) as well as destructive tests (tensile tests, bend tests, hardness measurements and macro and microscopic metallographic tests) aimed to confirm the high quality of the joints.
The Effect of a Welding Technology on the Abrasive Wear Resistance of Joints in Abrasion-Resistant Plates
Authors: Szymura Michał , Czupryński Artur
Published: January 2021

The article presents results of tests concerning the metal-mineral abrasive wear resistance of butt welded joints with abrasion-resistance overlay weld HARDPLATE 100S 5+3 made using a covered electrode with the solid core and the flux core as well as a self-shielded flux-cored wire. The significance of the above-named effect was determined using a completely randomized design. The scope of tests also included the analysis of the chemical and phase compositions, hardness measurements as well as the macro and microscopic metallographic tests of welded joints in abrasion-resistant plates.
P. B. Gannushkin. Acute paranoia (paranoia acuta). The clinical side of the issue. —Diss., Moscow, 1904
Authors: Vorotynskiy B.
Published: January 2021

The author's dissertation, published by the Moscow Psychiatric Clinic, is devoted to the clinical development of the issue of the independence of acute paranoia as a separate form of mental illness. Dr. Gannushkin is trying to solve this question partly on the basis of his own observations, partly through a critical analysis of cases that were observed by other authors, both Russian and foreign.
Dr. Rud. Koster. The script for mental illness. An atlas with 81 handwriting samples. — Leipzig, 1903
Authors: Vorotynskiy B.
Published: January 2021

The work of the author, as can be seen from the preface to her prof. Sommer, conducted under the guidance of the last day and at his own initiative.
Infecciones nosocomiales en unidades de observación de emergencia y su asociación con el hacinamiento y la ventilación
Authors: Llanos-Torres Kevin H. , Pérez-Orozco Rocío , Málaga Germán
Published: January 2021

Con el objetivo de medir la frecuencia de las infecciones nosocomiales en las unidades de observación de medicina interna de los servicios de emergencia en dos hospitales de nivel III de Lima, se realizó un estudio de prevalencia de periodo durante cinco días en pacientes admitidos después de las 72 horas de observación y con descarte de infección comunitaria, utilizando datos obtenidos de las historias clínicas. Adicionalmente, se evaluó el hacinamiento y la ventilación de las salas de hospitalización. La frecuencia de las infecciones nosocomiales en los servicios de emergencia fue 8,1%, cuatro veces lo reportado como prevalencia de periodo en el Perú. Los factores de riesgo asociados fueron el tiempo prolongado de estancia y la carencia de ventilación apropiada del ambiente hospitalario. La ventilación inapropiada triplica el riesgo de aparición de infecciones nosocomiales.
Coinfección por Mycobacterium abscessus y Mycobacterium tuberculosis en un paciente con síndrome de Cushing exógeno y otras comorbilidades
Authors: Patrón-Ordóñez Gino , Llanos-Tejada Félix , Benites-Gamboa Dayanne , Espinoza-Chiong César
Published: January 2021

Mycobacterium abscessus es una micobacteria no tuberculosa de crecimiento rápido, que produce infección pulmonar, cutánea, diseminada y otras, sobre todo en pacientes con comorbilidades. El diagnóstico se basa en la identificación de la micobacteria por medios de cultivo o por pruebas moleculares. El tratamiento con macrólidos y amikacina continúa siendo el ideal, aunque depende de la localización y de la gravedad de la infección, sin embargo, se han identificado genes de resistencia en algunas subespecies que limitan la eficacia antibiótica. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con coinfección cutánea por Mycobacterium abscessus y Mycobacterium tuberculosis, quien presenta un síndrome de Cushing exógeno, factor predisponente para estas infecciones. Además, se identificaron hidatidosis y aspergilosis pulmonares. El tratamiento antituberculoso del paciente se ajustó para manejar ambas micobacterias, y su evolución fue favorable.
Enterobacterales productores de betalactamasa de espectro extendido portadores del gen mcr-1 en Lima, Perú
Authors: Yauri-Condor Katherine , Zavaleta Apestegui Milagros , Sevilla-Andrade Carlos Raúl , Piscoya Sara Julia , Villoslado Espinoza Claudia , Vicente Taboada William , Gonzales-Escalante Edgar
Published: January 2021

Se analizó la presencia del gen mcr-1 en 165 enterobacterales productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (EP-BLEE) recuperados en 2017 de sangre (40), orina (57), secreciones respiratorias bajas (12) e hisopados rectales (56) de pacientes hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (Perú). La identificación y la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se determinaron por el sistema automatizado Phoenix M50; la resistencia a colistina por Colistin Agar-Spot (CAS); la detección de mrc-1 por el método fenotípico de predifusión de colistina e inhibición con EDTA (CPD-E) y por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR, por sus siglas en inglés). De los 165 EP-BLEE 25 fueron positivos para mcr-1 por el método CPD-E y se confirmó por PCR. Por el método CAS, 20/165 fueron resistentes a colistina. Además, mostraron resistencia a las fluoroquinolonas y a la gentamicina, y permanecieron sensibles a la amikacina; dos aislamientos presentaron metalocarbapenemasas. La obtención de datos sobre la resistencia a antimicrobianos considerados de última línea (colistina) es crucial para establecer medidas para su control.
Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de niños con COVID-19 en un hospital pediátrico del Perú
Authors: Llaque-Quiroz Patricia , Prudencio-Gamio Roxana , Echevarría-Lo4pez Silvia , Ccorahua-Paz Manuel , Ugas-Charcape Carlos
Published: January 2021

Con el objetivo de conocer las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de niños con COVID-19, se evaluaron las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos de manera ambulatoria y en hospitalización del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja de marzo a mayo de 2020. Se registraron 33 pacientes, 57,6% fueron varones con mediana de edad de 4,8 años (rango: 2 meses - 17 años). El 81,8% tuvo contacto epidemiológico y la mediana del periodo de incubación fue siete días. El 60,6% tuvieron enfermedades concomitantes; el 93,9% presentó síntomas, los más comunes fueron fiebre y tos. El hemograma y los reactantes de fase aguda fueron normales en la mayoría de los casos. La radiografía de tórax fue anormal en 11/16 pacientes. El manejo fue de soporte, dos pacientes requirieron oxígeno suplementario. Un paciente falleció por complicaciones asociadas a una tumoración cerebral en fase terminal. Se reporta las caracteristicas clinicas y epidemiologicas en niños con COVID-19 durante los primeros meses de la pandemia en Perú.
Efeitos de frequência da L2 inglês no processamento da passiva em L2 português brasileiro
Authors: Guimarães Mara Passos
Published: January 2021

Este estudo investigou a influência da experiência com L2 inglês no processamento de passivas em L1 português brasileiro (PB) por bilíngues de alta proficiência e monolíngues do PB. Baseando-se na premissa de que alta proficiência em L2 é indicativa de compartilhamento generalizado de representações (BERNOLET; HARTSUIKER; PICKERING, 2013) e na observação de que a passiva é significativamente mais produtiva em inglês do que no PB (GUIMARÃES; SOUZA, 2016)propomos uma visão construcional da construção, na qual ela é tomada como entidade teórica independente. Apesar de sintaticamente congruente no português brasileiro (PB, espera-se que o processamento da construção por bilíngues seja facilitado pela exposição à L2. A compreensão da construção foi observada através de uma tarefa de julgamento de aceitabilidade de sentenças, enquanto a produção foi observada a partir de duas tarefas de descrição de imagens (uma escrita e outra oral). Tanto bilíngues quando monolíngues julgaram a passiva tão aceitável quanto a ativa, sem diferença significativa nos julgamentos entre os dois perfis linguísticos. Apesar de as passivas terem sido menos frequentes do que as ativas nas tarefas de produção, o tipo de tarefa influenciou o número de ocorrências de passivas dentre os monolíngues: sua produção foi similar à dos bilíngues na tarefa escrita, mas significativamente menor na tarefa oral. A diferença nos níveis de produtividade de passivas entre bilíngues e monolíngues é atribuída à exposição dos bilíngues às propriedades distribucionais da construção na L2, corroborando modelos de compartilhamento representacional bilíngue (HARTSUIKER; PICKERING; VELTKAMP, 2004).
Agressão como descortesia em uma discussão no Facebook sobre discriminação de classe em uma universidade brasileira
Authors: Flannery Mércia Regina Santana
Published: January 2021

Este artigo exemplifica o emprego de agressão como descortesia na comunicação mediada, ou digital, no português brasileiro, observando-se o desempenho de tais ações linguísticas no contexto de uma discussão sobre discriminação de classe. Especificamente, investiga-se a relação entre agressão linguística como descortesia e identidade tal como observada em uma campanha em uma página do Facebook sobre uma universidade brasileira. A página sob consideração foi projetada como uma plataforma aberta para disseminar e chamar a atenção para exemplos de comportamentos discriminatórios vivenciados pelos estudantes de comunidades periféricas frequentando uma universidade de elite no Rio de Janeiro. Os membros desta comunidade estudantil estavam no centro de uma controvérsia, por supostamente terem sido admitidos na instituição por meio de programas sociais promovidos por governos anteriores, de tendência esquerdista. Este artigo examina o uso de agressão linguística como descortesia, tais como chamar nomes, i.e., dirigir-se a alguém empregando termos insultuosos, e discordar diretamente (Lorenzo-Dus; Blitvich; Bou-Franch, 2011), para comunicar diferentes opiniões sobre, ou argumentar contra, as percebidas instâncias de discriminação supridas pelos estudantes na campanha e subsequentemente discutidas pelos participantes nas suas postagens. Estas estratégias de descortesia ratificam as identidades no contexto da discussão, marcando membros e não-membros do grupo, na medida em que os participantes 1) alinham-se contra, ou 2) justificam os comportamentos descritos.
Justyna Łapaj-Kucharska, Política exterior de Polonia hacia América Latina después de la Guerra Fría, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice 2020, pp. 596, ISBN: 978-83-226-3742-5
Authors: Ochab Maria
Published: January 2021

América Latina nunca ha ocupado un lugar prominente en la política exterior de Polonia, aunque hubo temporadas en la historia cuando las relaciones entre Polonia y países latinoamericanos, en particular Chile, Perú, Argentina y Brasil, cobraron cierta intensidad. Fue en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX cuando empezó una ola de emigración de ciudadanos polacos -desprovistos de su propio Estado por causa de las tres particiones realizadas a mano de las potencias vecinas- que querían escapar de su patria por razones políticas o económicas, buscando oportunidades en el Nuevo Mundo. La Primera Guerra Mundial frenó este movimiento migratorio. Al terminar la guerra en 1918, Polonia recuperó su independencia y pronto empezó a establecer las relaciones diplomáticas con algunos países latinoamericanos. Luego llegó la Segunda Guerra Mundial, después de la que Polonia se encontró entre los países del bloque soviético y su política exterior fue formulada dependiendo de las circunstancias impuestas por la Guerra Fría. Al terminar este periodo, en 1989, Polonia empezó la transformación política y económica con vistas a la integración con la Unión Europea, así pues, las relaciones con América Latina fueron lejos en la lista de prioridades de la política exterior.
Reshaping the International Economic Order. China’s Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Garciandía Igal David
Published: January 2021

La Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta es el proyecto de desarrollo de infraestructuras más ambicioso en la historia reciente. Supone un importante factor en la ecuación del ascenso de China. Sin embargo, pese a que tiene un principio geoeconómico, el proyecto conlleva profundas implicaciones globales. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar tres preguntas básicas: 1) ¿Qué es? 2) ¿Cómo está financiado? 3) ¿Por qué se lanzó? Al responder a estas preguntas, sostengo que la Nueva Ruta de la Seda puede representar un medio para que China influya en el orden económico internacional establecido.
Occurrence of Calendar Anomalies in Dividend Companies – the Case of Quarter-of-the-Year Effect
Authors: Pieloch-Babiarz Aleksandra
Published: January 2021

Theoretical background: The efficient-market hypothesis (EMH) states that share prices immediately and fully reflect all information available on the market, so stock investors are not able to “beat the market” in the long term. Since stock exchanges are not fully efficient, there are numerous exceptions to EMH, called market anomalies (seasonal anomalies, fundamental anomalies, etc.). The occurrence of such anomalies enables stock investors to achieve excess market returns. Therefore, market anomalies are of particular interest to them. However, there are no studies on “beating the market” in the long term by dividend investing. Research to date has focused mainly on the short-term response of the capital market to dividend announcements.

Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to examine whether by dividend investing stock investor is able to “beat the market” on quarterly basis, i.e. achieve excess market returns in some quarters of the year. In order to conduct the research, the following hypothesis was formulated: The average rates of return on the dividend index are higher in the third quarter of the calendar year than the average rates of return on other indices.

Research methods: The study was carried out in the period between 2012 and 2019 on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) using rates of return on income indices (i.e. WIG, WIGdiv, WIG20TR, WIG30TR, mWIG40TR and sWIG80TR). The main method used for the calculation was Kruskal–Wallis H test.

Main findings: Average returns on examined indices were negative in the second quarter of the year. Our finding is consistent with the so-called holiday effect. The highest rates of return occurred in the third quarter, except for small and medium companies. In these cases, the highest returns were observed in the first quarter). The study conducted with the use of the Kruskal–Wallis H test showed that the null hypothesis, stating that the cases come from the same population, cannot be rejected.
Wpływ reguł fiskalnych na strukturę wydatków publicznych w krajach Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Postuła Marta , Kawarska Anna
Published: January 2021

Uzasadnienie teoretyczne: Światowy kryzys gospodarczy zapoczątkowany w latach 2007–2008 w wielu krajach przerodził się w fazy kryzysu na rynkach finansowych oraz kryzysu ekonomicznego i w finansach publicznych. Z jego skutkami niektórzy mierzą się do dziś. Do narzędzi, które mogłyby w przyszłości pomóc przewidzieć zjawisko nadchodzącego kryzysu i złagodzić jego skutki dla gospodarki, mających wpływ na stabilność finansów publicznych, zalicza się m.in. reguły fiskalne. Są one instrumentem służącym dyscyplinowaniu polityki fiskalnej, mającym za zadanie zapewnienie równowagi finansów publicznych w długim okresie. Stosowane reguły fiskalne mogą przybierać formę reguł numerycznych lub proceduralnych. Reguły fiskalne (szczególnie reguły proceduralne) mają też na celu wzmacnianie stopnia przejrzystości finansów publicznych i usprawnianie zarządzania. Obecnie powszechnie stosowanym narzędziem oceniającym jakość krajowych reguł fiskalnych stosowanych w państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej jest Indeks Reguł Fiskalnych, zdefiniowany i stosowany przez Komisję Europejską.

Cel artykułu: Ocena wpływu stosowanych reguł fiskalnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej na strukturę wydatków publicznych.

Metody badawcze: Analizy teoretyczne i empiryczne (ekonometryczne) w zakresie badanych zmiennych, takich jak wartości Indeksu Reguł Fiskalnych oraz struktury wydatków publicznych zgodnie z klasyfikacją COFOG w poszczególnych krajach członkowskich w latach 2001–2017.

Główne wnioski: Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że reguły fiskalne stosowane przez rządy poszczególnych krajów członkowskich Unii Europejskiej mają bezpośredni wpływ na strukturę wydatków państwowych.
Peindre l’espace littéraire aux couleurs du temps. Introduction
Authors: Achheb Loubna , Maziarczyk Anna
Published: January 2021

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Opowieść o zielonych dzieciach z Woolpit w świetle średniowiecznych kronik Wilhelma z Newburgh oraz Ralpha z Coggeshall
Authors: Madej Michał
Published: January 2021

Żyjący w XII w. kanonik augustiański Wilhelm z Newburgh w swej kronice Historia rerum Anglicarum opisał niezwykłe wydarzenie, jak w angielskiej miejscowości Woolpit pojawiła się dwójka dzieci o zielonej karnacji skóry, mówiąca w obcym języku. Tę samą historię zanotował również inny współczesny mu dziejopisarz – opat cysterski Ralph z Coggeshall, w Chronicon Anglicanum. Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza komparatystyczna dwóch wersji opowieści o zielonych dzieciach oraz jej interpretacja w ujęciu kontekstowym. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują na to, iż mimo stosunkowo niewielkich różnic między przekazem obu kronikarzy, prawdopodobnie pełniła w ich dziełach odmienne funkcje. Można postawić hipotezę, że w odniesieniu do Historiae rerum Anglicarum, fragment o dzieciach z Woolpit jest nośnikiem niepokoju wewnętrznego, traumy Wilhelma z Newburgh – człowieka, który uważał się za Anglika, a żył w społeczeństwie anglonormandzkim. W przypadku zaś drugiej z kronik historia ta mogła pełnić funkcję dydaktyczną, a Ralph z Coggeshall zapewne pragnął zwrócić uwagę swych odbiorców na to, co jest inne, nieznane.
Egzulanci kijowscy, bracławscy i czernihowscy wobec polityki Jana III Sobieskiego w latach 1687-1691
Authors: Kołodziej Robert
Published: January 2021

Artykuł omawia stanowisko polityczne szlachty ukrainnej z sejmików egzulanckich województw kijowskiego, bracławskiego i czernihowskiego w latach 1687-1691. Zgromadzenia te obradowały wspólnie we Włodzimierzu. Na podstawie akt sejmikowych z sejmików przedsejmowych i relacyjnych można zanalizować postawę polityczną szlachty z trzech województw i ich stosunek do króla i jego polityki podczas trzech kolejnych sejmów (1688, 1688-1689, 1690). Badania dowodzą, że w omawianym czasie na sejmiku kijowskim przewagę miała opozycja, na pozostałych dwóch zjazdach dominowali zwolennicy dworu. Jednocześnie na wszystkich zjazdach toczyła się ostra walka polityczna, o czym świadczy zerwanie kilku sejmików. Z analizy zachowanych akt wynika, że bardzo aktywną politykę prowadziło we Włodzimierzu stronnictwo dworskie. Ich działania zakończyły się ostatecznie sukcesem, ponieważ opozycyjny sejmik kijowski przed sejmem 1690 r. został zerwany, a pozostałe dwa sejmiki wybrały na posłów stronników dworu i spisały korzystne dla króla punkty instrukcji. Po sejmie stronnictwu regalistycznemu udało się również zdominować relacyjny sejmik kijowski.
‘Maksimum informacji’ – ‘minimum materiałów’: polityka gromadzenia w działalności Dyrektora Wydziału Archiwów Państwowych i Naczelnych Dyrektorów Archiwów Państwowych (1945–1989)
Authors: Kulecka Alicja
Published: January 2021

Polityka gromadzenia archiwaliów w Polskiej Rzeczpospolitej Ludowej w okresie 1945–1989 była uwarunkowana wieloma czynnikami. Znajdowały się wśród nich postawy dyrektora Wydziału Archiwów Państwowych i Naczelnych Dyrektorów Archiwów Państwowych, na które wpływ miały ich poglądy polityczne, wykształcenie, doświadczenia zawodowe oraz wiedza o archiwach. Polityka gromadzenia miała ścisły związek z realiami politycznymi i wartościowaniem akt. W omawianym okresie widoczne było stosowanie różnych metod oceniania dokumentów. Najczęściej występowały wykazy akt jako wartościowanie aprioryczne prowadzone w kancelarii, registraturze i archiwum instytucji, oraz ekspertyza jako ocena posterioryczna. W prawodawstwie przeważało zalecanie wykazów. Ekspertyza była mniej popularna. Wykazy dawały złudzenie rozwiązań prostszych i bardziej ekonomicznych. Doprowadziło to do powstania sformalizowanego i zbiurokratyzowanego systemu, który nie był doskonały. Występowały w nim błędy, które były sygnalizowane w przepisach prawa, jak i w literaturze archiwalnej. Ten sformalizowany i biurokratyczny system był bliski ideologii państwa komunistycznego.
„Bellum desertorum” cesarza Kommodusa
Authors: Łuć Ireneusz
Published: January 2021

Przestępcza działalność Maternusa, uciekiniera z armii rzymskiej, któremu udało się zebrać wokół siebie liczną grupę ludzi wykluczonych poza nawias prawa, uległa przeobrażeniu w otwarty bunt, który był wymierzony w Kommodusa. W niniejszym tekście została nakreślona rekonstrukcja okoliczności, które towarzyszyły formalnemu przekwalifikowaniu dezerterów i pospolitych bandytów we ‘wrogów Rzymu’. Przeanalizowanie przebiegu tych wydarzeń nie byłoby możliwe bez uwzględniania źródeł literackich, epigraficznych, jak i tych z zakresu prawa rzymskiego. Jedynie uwzględnienie wszystkich dostępnych świadectw łączących się z tym zagadnieniem daje szansę, aby poddać go krytycznej i wieloaspektowej analizie. Bez takiego podejścia nie byłoby też możliwe zweryfikowanie obowiązującego w tym zakresie stanu wiedzy i zaproponowanie nieco odmiennej interpretacji.
Naczelnicy Siedleckiej Dyrekcji Naukowej (1864–1912)
Authors: Szewczuk Dariusz
Published: January 2021

W artykule przedstawiono i poddano analizie grupę urzędników kierujących Siedlecką Dyrekcją Naukową w latach 1864–1912. Byli oni odpowiedzialni za nadzór nad funkcjonowaniem szkolnictwa na terenie guberni siedleckiej. Mieli oni również prawo do decydowania o zatrudnianiu nauczycieli w szkołach elementarnych oraz kontrolowali ich pracę dydaktyczno-wychowawczą. W ówczesnych warunkach politycznych jednym z ich zadań było prowadzenie działań rusyfikacyjnych. W artykule podjęto próbę przedstawienia na ile ich doświadczenie zawodowe miało wpływ na sposób wywiązywania się z tych zadań. Poddano również analizie, skąd pochodzili, z jakich warstw społecznych się wywodzili i jakie posiadali wykształcenie.
Antybohaterki nowożytnych dziejów Polski w podręcznikach Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Hoszowska Mariola
Published: January 2021

Autorka artykułu przedstawia zmiany jakie dokonały się w podręcznikowym obrazie kobiet – zaliczanych do grupy antybohaterek dziejów Polski – w latach 1918–1939. Punktem wyjścia są opracowania dziewiętnastowieczne, w których uwaga piszących skupiona była na wybitnych królowych doby nowożytnej: Bonie, Marii Ludwice i Marii Kazimierze. Stosunek do nich autorów opracowań historyczno-dydaktycznych powstałych po odzyskaniu niepodległości był pochodną różnych czynników, ale i dowodem akceptacji dla nowych ról kobiet w scalanym na nowo społeczeństwie, m.in. drogą edukacji historycznej. Dotyczyło to szczególnie tych kobiecych ról, które wywoływały społeczny opór, ponieważ związane były z zaangażowaniem w politykę, uznawaną za przestrzeń męskiej aktywności.

W artykule położono nacisk na ujęcia porównawcze, tak, aby wyraźnie zarysowały się różnice między tym, co było typowe dla ujęć dydaktycznych sprzed i po 1918 r. Przeanalizowano 30 podręczników historii powstałych w pierwszej i drugiej dekadzie Polski Odrodzonej, adresowanych do dzieci i młodzieży szkół powszechnych, gimnazjów i liceów ogólnokształcących. Poszukiwano przy tym odpowiedzi na pytania: 1. W jaki sposób postrzegano ambitne władczynie w odmiennych warunkach politycznych, tj. w sytuacji formalnej równości praw politycznych kobiet i mężczyzn? 2. Na ile podręczniki dla zreformowanej przez piłsudczyków szkoły odróżniały się od tych wykorzystywanych wcześniej? 3. W jakiej mierze reorientacja ideału wychowawczego w lat trzydziestych XX w. wpłynęła na obraz rozpolitykowanych polskich królowych doby nowożytnej?
Image of Upper Social Classes in the Polish Feature Film in 1947–1989
Authors: Skotarczak Dorota
Published: January 2021

Artykuł prezentuje sposób przedstawiania klas wyższych w polskim filmie fabularnym w latach 1947–1989. Filmy zostały potraktowane tu jako rodzaj źródła historycznego, podległego wpływom politycznym. Klasy wyższe po II wojnie światowej zostały skazane w Polsce na zagładę. W okresie socrealizmu w sztuce pokazywano je zawsze negatywnie. Ale w połowie lat pięćdziesiątych obraz ten zaczął ulegać zmianie. Pojawił się pewien sentyment w przedstawianiu przeszłości, ale też i ograniczona nobilitacja. Szczególnie widoczne jest to w latach siedemdziesiątych. Z kolei w latach osiemdziesiątych pojawiają się tematy wcześniej nieobecne, jak np. obraz ziemiaństwa kresowego w czasach II RP.
SELECTION INDEX AS WEIGHTED AVERAGE OF ABSOLUTE SCORES OF AMMI MODEL & YIELD OF WHEAT GENOTYPES EVALUATED IN NORTH WESTERN PLAINS ZONE OF THE COUNTRY
Authors:   ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat & Barley Research, Karnal 132001 Haryana, Verma Ajay , Singh GP ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat & Barley Research, Karnal 132001 Haryana
Published: January 2021

Highly significant effects of the environment (E), GxE interaction and genotypes (G) observed by AMMI analysis during 2018-19 and 2019-20 study years. First year of the study observed suitability of WH1124&HD3059 wheat genotypes by WAASB measure. Superiority index while weighting 0.65 and 0.35 for yield & stability found WH1124 &PBW771 as of stable performance with high yield. Moreover the average yield of genotypes ranked PBW771 & WH 1124 as of the order of choice. PRVG and MHPRVG measures observed the suitability of PBW 771 & PBW752 wheat genotypes. The first two PCAs explained 82.3% of the variation of the original variables. SI clubbed with EV & SPIC. Values of SI for wheat genotypes expressed high direct relation with yield, MHPRVG&PRVG measures only, and negative correlation with remaining measures. WAASB measure exhibited direct relationships with most of the AMMI based stability measures and negative values of correlation with SI, PRVG, MHPRVG and yield. Second year of study wheat genotypes DBW291, WH1264 & HD3334 were selected by WAASB measure. Superiority index found PBW812, HD3334& WH1264 as of stable performance along with high yield. MHPRVG measures observed suitability of PBW812, PBW771 & DBW173 while PRVG favoured PBW812, PBW771& JKW261 while consensus observed regarding WH1021 & WH1124 as unstable wheat genotypes. Moreover the average yield of genotypes ranked PBW812, JKW261 & PBW771 as of the order of choice. Values of SI measure had expressed positive correlation of high magnitude with yield, PRVG and MHPRVG whereas indirect relations of high degree with AMMI based stability measures. Values of WAASB measure had positive relations with AMMI based stability measures along with negative values of correlation with SI, yield, PRVG, and MHPRVG.
“Al-Arabiyyah Sahlah” Sebagai Label Perspektif Baru Dalam Menyongsong Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Di Era New Normal
Authors: Islami Ayu Nur
Published: January 2021

This research was conducted by disseminating questionnaires and concluded that 23 out of 36 people assumed Arabic was difficult. This is what is behind the writing of this article. Kalam Allah and Rasulullah Arabic-speaking Apostles have been absolutely a guide to life, so muslims should try to learn it. If psychologically only Arabic is considered difficult, then it will be a inhibition of concern for many people to learn it. The purpose of this article was to renew the sensitivity of Arabic which could later become the main capital to mobilize interest and motivation for learners. In addition, methodological renewal is no less important, where the techniques and teaching methods of educators must be completely improved. Senior educators, students, even arabic language institutions must equip themselves with the right teaching competencies. Even this new normal era becomes both an opportunity and a challenge to fix it all. So there needs to be a deeper discussion to make it easier for the Al-Arabiyyah Sahlah (Arabic to be easy) to learn, as the Divine Kalam promises "And indeed, we have made it easy for the Qur'an to be warned, so will anyone take a lesson?"Keyword : Al-Arabiyyah Sahlah, Perspective,  Learning.
Glasbene preference šolarjev glede otroških pesmi v duru in molu
Authors: Dobrota Snježana , Gusić Maja
Published: January 2021

Students' musical preferences in childrens' major- and minor-key songs. This paper explores elementary school students’ music preferences in terms of songs authored for children and traditional major- and minor-key songs and the influence of familiarity of the music on their music preferences. The questionnaire and sound questionnaire were administered to 216 students attending the second, third, seventh and eighth grades of elementary school in Sinj, Croatia. The results confirm the influence of age and gender on students’ music preferences concerning songs authored for children and traditional songs in major and minor keys. Furthermore, all the participants prefer major-key songs to minor-key songs. Finally, it was established that familiarity with a piece of music is a significant factor affecting the music preferences of the participants.
Microbiological control of alcoholic fermentation
Authors: Mas Albert , Beltran Gemma , Torija María Jesús
Published: January 2021

Alcoholic fermentation and the production of wine has accompanied humanity for more than 10000 years. However, it has been only in the last 50 years when the winemakers have had the tools to manage and control the process. The methodology to analyze and monitor the succession of the microorganisms that participate in the process along with the effective use of antimicrobial compounds (for instance sulfur dioxide), the control of the temperature and, above all, the use of cellar-friendly fermentation starters (mostly as Active Dry Wine Yeast) have provided the appropriate conditions for that control. However, the use of a limited number of commercial presentations of the starters has generated an unwanted uniformity of the wines produced. Furthermore, new tendencies in wine making with limited or no human intervention have considered these tolls as a negative aspect in the wine quality, although most of these concerns are only philosophical, without clear scientific evidence. We present a revision of the present state of the art in these methodologies where our research group has been working for the last 25 years.
Gerakan Sosial Masyarakat Tegal Binangun Kabupaten Banyuasin Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Putra Akta Dwi , Norhuda Norhuda , Chandra Ryllian
Published: January 2021

The title of this research is "Tegal Binangun Community Social Movement Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province". This movement is in order to maintain their administrative status from the demands of recognition of the Banyuasin District Government based on Law Number 23 of 1988 concerning Changes to the Regional Levels of the Palembang Second Level Region, Musi Banyuasin District Level II District and Ogan Komering Ilir Level II District. The purpose of this study was to determine the dynamics and patterns used by the community movement so that the demands and resistance of the Tegal Binangun community were realized by the Government of the Province of South Sumatra and Banyuasin District.               The method used in this research is a qualitative research method with a case study approach with stages, namely interviews, observation, and documentation. Meanwhile, the source of this research is primary data sources. Based on the results of the study it can be seen that, this movement carried out resistance against the Banyuasin District Government, ranging from peaceful actions to delivering letters to the DPRD of South Sumatra Province, the Governor of South Sumatra, the President, the DPR-RI, the Minister of Youth and Sports, the Minister of Home Affairs, and Mayor of Palembang.               The researcher uses the theory from Sidney Tarrow that is in line with this conflict that a group of people or ordinary citizens who join and form an alliance with figures or groups that have a large influence in a country, groups or the like move together to make a fight against the holders of power or the political elite if what is considered to be a policy is not in accordance with what is desired. Until now, when the Banyuasin District Government put pressure on the community, immediately the Tegal Binangun community took the fight. This conflict has not found a solution because it is still being resolved by the Government of South Sumatra Province. In this study it was found that the social movement of the Tegal Binangun community was formed to carry out resistance to the Banyuasin District Government's unilateral recognition of the Tegal Binangun area.
Pengaruh Money Politics Terhadap Pilihan Masyarakat Pada Pilkades Serentak di Kabupaten Muara Enim Tahun 2017 (Studi Kasus di Desa Teluk Limau Kecamatan Gelumbang)
Authors: Kazali Revi , Rochmiatun Endang , Adytyas Nico Oktario
Published: January 2021

The paper is “Titled the effect of money politics on community choice in the simultaneous Pilkades in Muara Enim distric in 2017 ( Case studi in the village of Teluk Limau, Gelumbang district)”. The purpose of this studi was to identify or find out how  the influence of money politics on people’s choices in the 2017 Pilkades and identify or find out what faktors influence people’s choices in the 2017 Pilkades with the existence of money politics. The type of date used in this study is quantitative research. The location of this research is in the village of Teluk Limau, Gelumbang district, Muara Enim regency, south Sumatra province. And purely this research is the local community. To obtain date obtained numbered 1382 according to the permanent voter of samples was 93 respondents. To collecy date obtained is descriptive statiscal analyis.

 Theory in this study there are two theories used, namely the theory of Patronase and Klientelisme. There are five kinds of Patronase theory namely, Vote Buying, Individual Gifs, Services and Activities, Club Goods, Pork Barrel Projects. Whereas Klientelisme theories are of three kinds, namely the successs team, the social networking engine and political parties. In this study it was elections is very big influence on people’s voting behavior. In the 2017 Pilkades, the people of the village of Teluk Limau on average most of their voting behavior changes when they receive money politics. The faktors that influence the voting behavior of the Teluk Limau village in the 2017 elections are that people the and to choose the reasons because of economic faktors that have changed their choices after receiving money politics.
Sikap Politik Masyarakat Muslim Kecamatan Ilir Timur II Kota Palembang dalam Pileg Tahun 2019
Authors: Arief Ahmad Syafi'i
Published: January 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Sikap Politik Masyarakat Muslim di Kecamatan Ilir Timur II Dalam Pemilihan Umum Legislatif Kota Palembang Tahun 2019. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat muslim di Kecamatan Ilir Timur II Kota Palembang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah simple random sampling sebanyak 100 masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif dengan alat ukur skala likert. Keseluruhan perhitungan statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan komputer program SPSS versi 20.00 for windows. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat  disimpulkan bahwa komponen sikap politik terdiri dari komponen kognitif, afektif, evaluatif, Komponen kognitif ialah yang menyangkut pengetahuan masyarakat muslim tentang politik dan kepercayaan pada politik, peranan nya. komponen afektif masyarakat muslim di Kecamatan Ilir Timur II adalah dengan melihat perasaan masyarakat muslim terhadap dirinya sebagai pemilih, sikap terhadap kadidat calon anggota legislatif, sikap terhadap partai pengusung, penilaian terhadap penyelengara. komponen evaluatif adalah keputusan dan pendapat tentang objek-objek politikyang secara tipikal melihatkan kombinasi standar nilai dan kriteria dengan informasi dan perasaan.
Government Wilayah Al-Faqih in Iran and Contemporary Global Challenges
Authors: Ebrahimian Hojjatollah
Published: January 2021

Today, despite all pressures and sanctions of the global politic, the Islamic Revolution of Iran has its own place in the hearts of freedom seeking people all over the world and every day, its progress and grandeur is improving. Therefore, progress of Islamic Iran during the last four decades is not something covered to all people and declaring these challenges across the society will lead to hopefulness and increase of resistance of people against these plots. Discussing the challenges of the Islamic Revolution and picturing them is a great and basic necessity of the present time. Therefore, this paper tends to clarify the most important challenges of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, from the very beginning to the present time, under the Islamic government based upon the Government of Wilayah Al-Faqih. On the contrary of propaganda of the enemies of the Islamic government, Islamic Revolution of Iran has faced great and eye catching progress in political, cultural, economic, scientific, technological, military, and intelligence areas despite all obstacles and limited facilities and now has reached a high position throughout the region and the world.
Transformation of Radicalism Discourse into Extremist Violence (Analysis of News on the Handling of Radical Movements in Indonesia)
Authors: Panjaitan Sunardi Nardi
Published: January 2021

Abstract

This article explains how the transformation of the discourse of radicalism into extremist violence in media coverage. Radical movements tend to be interpreted as acts of violence. Not only that, the root of terrorism is caused by radicalism. But the discourse about radicalism continues to develop, the form of radical action or action is also the idea of ​​building an Islamic state. Therefore the state is important to deal with radical movements or radicalism understandings, especially through the media coverage. But in the media coverage, the state labeled Islamic groups as radical grups. The labeling is caused by the government not having an overall idea or concept towards acts of terrorism or radical movements. Proof of radicalism in Indonesia always moves between two pendulum. Action and regulation. When terror and violence occur, the government responds to these events by issuing a number of regulations and discourse several policies in the media. As a result, acts of terror tend to recur, and injustice and discrimination tend to be addressed to certain groups. Therefore, the transformation of radicalism into extremist violence as a response to the discourse on the handling of terrorism in Indonesia with overall concepts and ideas.

Keyword: Radical Movement, Terrorism, media coverage, Extremist Violence
The Acceptance and Resharing Behavior of Hoax Information on Social Media
Authors: Arisanty Melisa , Wiradharma Gunawan
Published: January 2021

The spread of hoax information on social media is still difficult to control. Various efforts have been made by the government to eradicate hoax information, even the Ministry of Communication and Information has chosen the decision to block accounts that spread hoaxes, especially those on social media. However, hoax information still exists and its spread is increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to have a strategy that is right on target to prevent the spread of hoaxes. To design a strategy that is right on target, it is necessary to identify the acceptance attitude and behavior of sharing hoax information on social media. Through research using an interpretive paradigm and a qualitative research approach with research data collection, namely interviews with 12 (twelve) informants who are part of the community in Banten, West Java and Aceh Provinces. So, an interesting finding was found that currently receiving hoax information that leads to belief can occur if hoax information is highly correlated with hoax recipients, viral is discussed in the community, and is in accordance with personal views or logic. This acceptance can motivate the behavior of sharing information back due to the desire to be recognized as a trendsetter in disseminating the first information to the people around him. This is the main factor in the dissemination of Hoax information which needs to get recommendations for improving policies and strategies for eliminating Hoaxes in Indonesian society.
PREDIKSI KREDIT DAN INDEKS MUSIMAN (SEASONAL INDEX) PADA BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Sukarno Hari , Nugroho Ratna Pratiwi , Prasetiyaningtiyas Susanti
Published: January 2021

This research aims to analyze the credit's predictive value, the development pattern of credit distribution, and the credit fluctuations of 13 Rural Banks in Jember, influenced by seasonal index variables, credit interest, NPL, LDR, ROA, CAR, and operational efficiency ratio. This study used an explanatory research approach. The sample consisted of all Rural Banks' quarterly financial reports in 2014-2019 taken by a purposive sampling method. Data were analyzed using three methods, i.e., double exponential smoothing, moving average ratio, and multiple linear regression analysis methods. Results showed that, according to each data analysis method, ten Rural Banks experienced increased credit distribution. However, the other three Rural Banks experienced a decrease in credit distribution. The study results also indicated an increasing trend in the development pattern of credit distribution. Meanwhile, the NPL and LDR variables partially influenced credit fluctuations.

Keywords: credit prediction, rural bank, seasonal index
HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SMA PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DENGAN PENDEKATAN STEM (SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING)
Authors: Putri Yullya Erlina Eka , Lesmono Albertus Djoko , Ismanto Ismanto
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article discusses the learning outcomes of high school students using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model with the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) approach. The purpose of this article is to describe how student learning outcomes in the cognitive domain in learning physics at SMA Negeri 2 Jember using the PBL model with the STEM approach. This type of research uses true experiment research and the sample of this study is students of class X MIPA 6 in SMA Negeri 2 Jember. Data collected through the method of Student Worksheets (LKS) and tests. The instrument used in this study was a student learning achievement test in the form of a posttest. The data obtained were analyzed using the N-gain test in order to know the increase in student learning outcomes before and after using the PBL model with the STEM approach. The results of this study is the use of the PBL model with the STEM approach can improve student learning outcomes X MIPA 6 in SMA Negeri 2 Jember.