bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Cryopreserved Oocytes in Patients With Poor Ovarian Response After Planned Oocyte Cryopreservation
Authors: Fouks Yuval , Sakkas Denny , Bortoletto Pietro E. , Penzias Alan S. , Seidler Emily A. , Vaughan Denis A.
Published: January 2024

Importance

Poor ovarian response (POR) to stimulation may impact patients’ desire or need to utilize cryopreserved oocytes for family building in the future. These findings, captured by Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) national data, underscore the need for tailored counseling and further research into the decision-making processes influencing oocyte utilization.

Objective

To examine the association of ovarian response to stimulation and the number of vitrified oocytes with the likelihood and timing of patients returning for oocyte utilization following planned oocyte cryopreservation (OC).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data in the SART Clinical Outcome Reporting System for patients in US fertility clinics and data was used for eligible patients who underwent planned OC from January 2014 through December 2020. Data were analyzed from November 2022 to June 2023.

Main outcomes and measures

The association between number of oocytes cryopreserved on return rate to utilize cryopreserved oocytes and the time from vitrification to warming.

Results

A total of 67 893 autologous oocyte freezing cycles were performed in the US between 2014 and 2020, among 47 363 patients (mean [SD] age, 34.5 [4.7] years). Of these, 6421 (13.5%) were classified as patients with POR, with fewer than 5 oocytes vitrified across all ovarian stimulation cycles. A total of 1203 patients (2.5%) returned for oocyte warming and utilization. The rate of return was significantly higher in the POR group, with 260 (4.0%) returning compared with 943 (2.3%) in the normal responder group (P < .001). This trend was most notable in the age 30 to 34 years (warm cycle, 46 of 275 [16.7%] vs no warm cycle, 982 of 11 743 [8.4%]; P < .001) and age 35 to 39 years groups (warm cycle, 124 of 587 [21.1%] vs no warm cycle, 3433 of 23 012 [14.9%]; P < .001). The time elapsed from vitrification to warming was comparable between patients with POR (mean [SD], 716.1 [156.1] days) and normal responders (803.8 [160.7] days). A multivariate analysis adjusted for age, clinic region in the US, body mass index, and history of endometriosis was conducted to identify factors associated with the utilization of oocytes. The analysis revealed that having fewer than 5 oocytes vitrified was associated with higher odds of utilizing oocytes (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.32-1.76).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study reveals a distinct pattern in the utilization of cryopreserved oocytes among patients undergoing planned OC in the US. Despite the increase in number of patients pursuing OC, there is a notably low rate of return to utilize previously vitrified oocytes; notably, patients with POR are more likely to return, although the time to return is similar to those with normal ovarian response.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Large Language Model in Pediatric Case Studies
Authors: Barile Joseph , Margolis Alex , Cason Grace , Kim Rachel , Kalash Saia , Tchaconas Alexis , Milanaik Ruth
Published: January 2024

This diagnostic study evaluates the accuracy of a large language model against physician diagnoses in pediatric cases.
Short‐Chain Per/Polyfluoroalkyl Acids (C7 and Below)
Authors: Lasee Steven , Dourson Michael L. , Onyema Chijioke
Published: January 2024

This chapter is about a series of short‐chain per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). In the past, PFAS were described as fluorinated fatty acids or sulfonates. The overall structure of PFAS is a carbon chain with fluorine atoms substituting for hydrogen atoms. The resulting chemicals are chemically stable, water and oil resistant, and useful for many industrial applications, such as in the formation of polymers. The most notorious in this group are the fluorinated fatty acids (carboxylates) or sulfonates. In biological systems, these chemicals are generally well‐absorbed by the oral route and resistant to metabolism but also have the unusual property of having drastically different elimination kinetics between mammalian species.

The available literature on this group of PFAS (C7 and below) is modest. This chapter will not attempt to review all this literature. Rather, human studies will be emphasized. Since human studies often suggest associations between PFAS exposure and health outcomes, these studies will be followed by definitive experimental animal studies that give insights into the human evidence. Afterward, a summary of attempts to estimate potential human risk by various international agencies will be described. What will become obvious, however, is that the overall uncertainty in the database of some of these chemicals has led to widely divergent risk assessment positions that need to be resolved. Risk management decisions on specific members of this class of chemistries are seen to be premature without such scientific resolution.
Selected Fluoropolymers (A Class of PFAS Polymers)
Authors: Dourson Michael L. , Lasee Steven , Onyema Chijioke
Published: January 2024

This chapter is about a series of fluorinated polymers (fluoropolymers) which belong to a broad class of chemical substances referred to as per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). PFAS are a unique class of anthropogenic chemicals consisting of carbon and fluorine atoms joined by very strong bonds, resulting in high‐performance properties. The overall structure of these fluoropolymers is the covalent linkage of one or more monomers, at least one of which is generally short carbon chains with fluorine atoms substituting for hydrogen atoms. The resulting fluoropolymer is a much larger molecule with very different uses, kinetics, and potential toxicity than the constituent monomers. For example, fluoropolymers are generally not well‐absorbed, if at all, in biological systems, thus avoiding to a great degree of any untoward toxicity. Unlike the monomers, the resulting fluoropolymers are usually chemically stable, biologically inert and nonbioaccumulative, water and oil resistant, and useful for many industrial applications. Because the chemical structure of these fluoropolymers makes them generally biologically unreactive and chemically inert, the available epidemiology and toxicology literature is minimal. This chapter will review the literature on fluoropolymers but will also briefly discuss the toxicity of the constituent monomers. Afterward, a summary of estimates of potential human risk by various agencies will be described.

For information and practical guidance on the use of terminology in regard to PFASs, readers are referred to the OECD PFAS Terminology report [OECD,Reconciling Terminology of the Universe of Per‐ and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Recommendations and Practical Guidance, OECD Series on Risk Management, No. 61, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2021. Available athttps://www.oecd.org/chemicalsafety/portal‐perfluorinated‐chemicals/terminology‐per‐and‐polyfluoroalkyl‐substances.pdf. Accessed October 10, 2023).
Association of COVID‐19 Vaccinations With Flares of Systemic Rheumatic Disease: A Case‐Crossover Study
Authors: Braverman Genna , Barbhaiya Medha , Nong Minerva , Bykerk Vivian P. , Hupert Nathaniel , Lewis Colby , Mandl Lisa A.
Published: January 2024

Objective

We aimed to determine the association of COVID‐19 vaccination with flares of systemic rheumatic disease (SRD).

Methods

Adults with systemic rheumatic disease (SRD) in a single‐center COVID‐19 Rheumatology Registry were invited to enroll in a study of flares. COVID‐19 vaccine information from March 5, 2021, to September 6, 2022, was obtained from chart review and self‐report. Participants self‐reported periods of SRD flare and periods without SRD flare. “Hazard periods” were defined as the time before a self‐report of flare and “control periods” as the time before a self‐report of no flare. The association between flare and COVID‐19 vaccination was evaluated during hazard and control periods through univariate conditional logistic regression stratified by participant, using lookback windows of 2, 7, and 14 days.

Results

A total of 434 participants (mean ± SD age 59 ± 13 years, 84.1% female, 81.8% White, 64.5% with inflammatory arthritis, and 27.0% with connective tissue diseases) contributed to both the hazard and control periods and were included in analysis. A total of 1,316 COVID‐19 vaccinations were identified (58.5% Pfizer‐BioNTech, 39.5% Moderna, and 1.4% Johnson & Johnson); 96.1% of participants received at least one dose and 93.1% at least two doses. There was no association between COVID‐19 vaccination and flares in the subsequent 2, 7, or 14 days (odds ratio [OR] 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86–2.46; OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.76–1.55; and OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.64–1.13, respectively). Analyses stratified on sex, age, SRD subtype, and vaccine manufacturer similarly showed no association between vaccination and flare.

Conclusion

COVID‐19 vaccination was not associated with flares in this cohort of participants with SRD. These data are reassuring and can inform shared decision‐making on COVID‐19 immunization.

image
“Graphene Bubble Bridging” Enabled Flexible Multifunctional Carbon Fiber Membrane Toward K+ Storage Devices
Authors: Song Yan , Wu Yujie , Wang Yutai , Jia Yaduo , Gou Huiyang , Zhang Chengwei , Wang Gongkai , Yin Fuxing
Published: January 2024

Widespread integration of carbon‐based membranes into prevailing fields like energy storage and material engineering is thwarted by a lack of functionality, customization, and compatibility, making the development of such carbon‐based membranes urgency yet challenging. Herein, a “graphene bubble bridging” strategy is adopted to fabricate the multifunctional carbon fiber membrane, in which graphene bubbles with optimized assembling not only endow the carbon fiber with superior flexibility and integrity by embedded bridging function, but also enhance the fast electron transport capability and electrolyte wettability. Few‐layer MoSSe nanosheets with expanded interlayer spacing as a typical energy storage material contribute to plentiful ion intercalation/deintercalation that can be well buffered within the robust fibers. The interlaced carbon fibers enable a self‐supporting framework that ensures good conductivity and mechanical stability as well. Such functional, customized, and compatible membranes with synergies can boost the attributes of advanced K+ storage devices, such as flexible K‐ion capacitors and K‐based dual‐ion batteries. This work can afford new insights for designing flexible electrode in the energy storage field, as well as various types of conformations that can bring more opportunities on developing flexible functional membranes for other fields (e.g., catalysts, electromagnetic shielding).
Infrared Irradiation‐Lattice Vibration Coupling‐Initiated N→Π* Electronic Transition in Carbon Nitride Nanosheets for Increased Photocatalysis
Authors: Jiang Daochuan , Hu Shaonian , Qu Yi , Tian Xu , Du Haiwei , Zhu Chuhong , Li Zhongjun , Yin Lisha , Yuan Yupeng , Liu Gang
Published: January 2024

Enabling n→π* electronic transition in graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) can significantly enhance its photocatalytic performance by extending visible light absorption. However, achieving this transition remains a grand challenge due to the selection rule that restricts it to planar tri‐s‐triazine units of g‐CN. Here, an effective strategy to induce the n→π* transition in g‐CN nanosheets by coupling infrared irradiation with lattice vibrations is presented. Theoretical simulations reveal two prominent vibration modes perpendicular to tri‐s‐triazine units at 219 and 737 cm−1 can promote the corrugation of tri‐s‐triazine units and facilitate the n→π* electronic transition when coupled with infrared irradiation. Additionally, these vibrational modes enable the efficient exfoliation of bulk g‐CN into 2D nanosheets by overcoming the interplanar binding energy. Through femtosecond transient absorption spectra (fs‐TAS), the n→π* transition prolongs the lifetime of photocatalytically active shallow electron trapping states and charge separation states in g‐CN is demonstrated. Accordingly, the activated n→π* electronic transition and prolonged lifetime of photocatalytically active charges lead to an H2 generation rate of 2485 µmol h−1 gcat−1, ≈40 times higher than that of the bulk counterpart. This work highlights the effectiveness of coupling lattice vibrations with infrared irradiation to drive the n→π* transition for enhanced visible‐light photocatalysis.
Metal‐Phenolic Nanocapsules with Photothermal Antibacterial and Ros Scavenging Ability for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Qin Xudong , Tian Rui , Wang Bo , Yang Haixia , Chen Junyang , Wang Xin , Zhou Jianliang , Chen Qing , Tian Jian , Yang Ying‐Wei
Published: January 2024

The presence of bacteria in diabetic wounds not only leads to the formation of biofilms but also triggers oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, which hinder the wound‐healing process. Therefore, it is imperative to formulate a comprehensive strategy that can proficiently eliminate bacteria and enhance the wound microenvironment. Herein, this work develops multifunctional metal‐phenolic nanozymes (TA‐Fe/Cu nanocapsules), wherein the one‐pot coordination of tannic acid (TA)and Fe3+/Cu2+ using a self‐sacrificial template afforded hollow nanoparticles (NPs) with exceptional photothermal and reactive oxygen species scavenging capabilities. After photothermal disruption of the biofilms, TA‐Fe/Cu NPs autonomously capture bacteria through hydrogen bonding interactions with peptidoglycans (the bacterial cell wall component), ultimately bolstering the bactericidal efficacy. Furthermore, these NPs exhibit peroxidase‐like enzymatic activity, efficiently eliminating surplus hydrogen peroxide in the vicinity of the wound and mitigating inflammatory responses. As the wound transitions into the remodeling phase, the presence of Cu2+ stimulates vascular migration and regeneration, expediting the wound‐healing process. This study innovatively devises a minimalist approach to synthesize multifunctional metal‐phenolic nanozymes integrating potent photothermal antibacterial activity, bacterial capture, anti‐inflammatory, and angiogenesis properties, showcasing their great potential for diabetic wound treatment.
An NIR‐II Excitable AIE Small Molecule with Multimodal Phototheranostic Features for Orthotopic Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Song Shanliang , Zhao Yue , Kang Miaomiao , Zhang Fei , Wu Qian , Niu Niu , Yang Hao , Wen Haifei , Fu Shuang , Li Xue , Zhang Zhijun , Tang Ben Zhong , Wang Dong
Published: January 2024

One‐for‐all phototheranostics, referring to a single component simultaneously exhibiting multiple optical imaging and therapeutic modalities, has attracted significant attention due to its excellent performance in cancer treatment. Benefitting from the superiority in balancing the diverse competing energy dissipation pathways, aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) are proven to be ideal templates for constructing one‐for‐all multimodal phototheranostic agents. However, to this knowledge, the all‐round AIEgens that can be triggered by a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) light have not been reported. Given the deep tissue penetration and high maximum permissible exposure of the NIR‐II excitation light, herein, this work reports for the first time an NIR‐II laser excitable AIE small molecule (named BETT‐2) with multimodal phototheranostic features by taking full use of the advantage of AIEgens in single molecule‐facilitated versatility as well as synchronously maximizing the molecular donor‐acceptor strength and conformational distortion. As formulated into nanoparticles (NPs), the high performance of BETT‐2 NPs in NIR‐II light‐driven fluorescence‐photoacoustic‐photothermal trimodal imaging‐guided photodynamic‐photothermal synergistic therapy of orthotopic mouse breast tumors is fully demonstrated by the systematic in vitro and in vivo evaluations. This work offers valuable insights for developing NIR‐II laser activatable one‐for‐all phototheranostic systems.
Morphological Relaxation of Strained Epitaxial Films for Stripe‐Geometry Devices
Authors: Hannikainen Kennet D. R. , Deprat Fabien , Gourhant Olivier , Berbezier Isabelle , Aqua Jean‐Noël
Published: January 2024

One of the major issues when reducing the channel length in strained transistors is the stress relaxation that significantly degrades the carriers mobility. A new morphological evolution is reported here, describing the relaxation of a strained epitaxial film deposited on a pattern characterized by stripe geometry, both paradigmatic of two‐dimensional (2D) like systems, and characteristic of many devices. The thermodynamic surface diffusion framework accounting for elasticity and capillarity is investigated. The former is solved in two dimensions thanks to the Airy formalism. The resulting dynamical Schrödinger‐like equation governing the film shape evolution is then solved thanks to a decomposition on eigenmodes. It reveals different developments depending upon the system's geometric parameters and the time scale. Mass transfer occurs toward the relaxed areas and creates a ridge at the nanolayers edges, controlled by the geometry and the scale of the structure. These results allow to refine the potential control of electronic properties via the geometry of a system.
Fibronectin Connecting Cell Sheet Based on Click Chemistry for Wound Repair
Authors: Xu Wei , He Meng , Lu Qinghua
Published: January 2024

As a living repair material, cell sheet exhibits significant potential in wound repair. Nonetheless, wound healing is a complicated and protracted process that necessitates specific repair functions at each stage, including hemostasis and antibacterial activity. In this work, on the basis of harvesting the cell sheet via a photothermal response strategy, a fibronectin attached cell sheet (FACS) is prepared to enhance its wound repair capability. For this purpose, the azide group (N3) is initially tagged onto the cell surface through metabolic glycoengineering of unnatural sugars, and then the conjugate (DBCO‐fibronectin) comprises of the dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) and fibronectin with multiple wound repair functions is linked to N3 using click chemistry. Biological evaluations following this demonstrates that the FACS preparation exhibits excellent biocompatibility, and the fibronectin modification enhances the capacity for cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, in vivo wound healing experiment confirms the reparative efficacy of FACS. It not only has a wound closure rate 1.46 times that of a conventional cell sheet but also reduces inflammatory cell infiltration, promotes hair follicle and blood vessel regeneration, and encourages collagen deposition. This strategy holds enormous clinical potential and paves the way for advanced functional modifications of cell sheets.
One‐Minute Preparation of Iron Foam‐Drug Implant for Ultralow‐Power Magnetic Hyperthermia‐Based Combination Therapy of Tumors in Vivo
Authors: Xie Guangchao , Li Bingjie , Zhang Xuejun , Yu Jiaojiao , Sun Shao‐Kai
Published: January 2024

The magnetic hyperthermia‐based combination therapy (MHCT) is a powerful tumor treatment approach due to its unlimited tissue penetration depth and synergistic therapeutic effect. However, strong magnetic hyperthermia and facile drug loading are incompatible with current MHCT platforms. Herein, an iron foam (IF)‐drug implant is established in an ultra‐facile and universal way for ultralow‐power MHCT of tumors in vivo for the first time. The IF‐drug implant is fabricated by simply immersing IF in a drug solution at an adjustable concentration for 1 min. Continuous metal structure of IF enables ultra‐high efficient magnetic hyperthermia based on eddy current thermal effect, and its porous feature provides great space for loading various hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs via “capillary action”. In addition, the IF has the merits of low cost, customizable size and shape, and good biocompatibility and biodegradability, benefiting reproducible and large‐scale preparation of IF‐drug implants for biological application. As a proof of concept, IF‐doxorubicin (IF‐DOX) is used for combined tumor treatment in vivo and achieves excellent therapeutic efficacy at a magnetic field intensity an order of magnitude lower than the threshold for biosafety application. The proposed IF‐drug implant provides a handy and universal method for the fabrication of MHCT platforms for ultralow‐power combination therapy.
D‐dimer and sinusoidal obstructive syndrome‐novel poor prognostic features of thrombotic microangiopathy in children after hematopoietic cellular therapy in a single institution prospective cohort study
Authors: Schoettler Michelle L. , French Kaley , Harris Anora , Bryson Elyse , Deeb Laura , Hudson Zuri , Obordo Jeremy , Chandrakasan Shanmuganathan , Parikh Suhag , Watkins Benjamin , Stenger Elizabeth , Qayed Muna , Chonat Satheesh , Westbrook Adrianna , Switchenko Jeffrey , Williams Kirsten M.
Published: January 2024

Transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA‐TMA) is a common, severe complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cellular therapy (HCT). Even when treated in many studies, morbidity and mortality rates are high. This prospective single‐institution cohort study serially enrolled all allogeneic HCT recipients from August 2019–August 2022. Patients were universally screened for TA‐TMA and intermediate and high‐risk patients were immediately treated with eculizumab. Sub‐distribution cox‐proportional hazards models were used to identify sub‐distribution hazard ratios (sHR)  for multi‐organ dysfunction (MOD) and non‐relapse‐related mortality (NRM). Of 136 patients, 36 (26%) were diagnosed with TA‐TMA and 21/36 (58%) developed MOD, significantly more than those without TA‐TMA, (p < .0001). Of those with TA‐TMA, 18 (50%) had high‐risk TA‐TMA (HR‐TA‐TMA), 11 (31%) had intermediate‐risk TA‐TMA (IR‐TA‐TMA), and 8 (22%) had standard risk (SR‐TA‐TMA). Twenty‐six were treated with eculizumab (1/8 SR, 7/11 IR, and 18/18 HR). Elevated D‐dimer predicted the development of MOD (sHR 7.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8–32.3). Children with concurrent sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS) and TA‐TMA had an excess risk of MOD of 34% and data supported a biologic interaction. The adjusted NRM risk was significantly higher in the TA‐TMA patients (sHR 10.54, 95% CI 3.8–29.2, p < .0001), despite prompt treatment with eculizumab. Significant RF for NRM in TA‐TMA patients included SOS (HR 2.89, 95% 1.07–7.80) and elevated D‐dimer (HR 3.82, 95% CI 1.14–12.84). An unrelated donor source and random urine protein to creatine ratio ≥2 mg/mg were significantly associated with no response to eculizumab (odds ratio 15, 95% CI 2.0–113.6 and OR 6.5, 95% CI 1.1–38.6 respectively). TA‐TMA was independently associated with NRM despite early diagnosis and treatment with eculizumab in this large pediatric transplant cohort. Prognostic implications of D‐dimer in TA‐TMA merit further investigation as this is a readily accessible biomarker. Concurrent SOS is an exclusion criterion of many ongoing clinical trials, but these data highlight these patients could benefit from novel therapeutic approaches. Multi‐institutional clinical trials are needed to understand the impact of TA‐TMA‐targeted therapies.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Aza‐Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) Reaction of α‐Imino Esters with Alkenyl Halides
Authors: Xia Tingting , Wu Yinhui , Hu Jiangtao , Wu Xianqing , Qu Jingping , Chen Yifeng
Published: January 2024

Chromium‐catalyzed enantioselective Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) reaction represents one of the most powerful approaches for the formation of chiral carbon‐heteroatom bond. However, the construction of sterically encumbered tetrasubstituted stereocenter through NHK reaction still posts a significant challenge. Herein, we disclose a cobalt‐catalyzed aza‐NHK reaction of ketimine with alkenyl halide to provide a convenient synthetic approach for the manufacture of enantioenriched tetrasubstituted α‐vinylic amino acid. This protocol exhibits excellent functional group tolerance with excellent 99 % ee in most cases. Additionally, this asymmetric reductive method is also applicable to the aldimine to access the trisubstituted stereogenic centers.
Ecdysone and gene expressions for chromatin remodeling, histone modification, and Broad Complex in relation to pupal commitment in Bombyx mori
Authors: Saito Maki , Fujimoto Shota , Kawasaki Hideki
Published: January 2024

In the present study, we tried to clarify when and how pupal commitment (PT) better to use PC occurs and what is involved in the PT of Bombyx mori. To clarify this, we examined the responsiveness of a wing disc to ecdysone, referring to metamorphosis‐related BR‐C, development‐related Myc and Wnt, and chromatin remodeling‐related genes at around the predicted PT stage of the Bombyx wing disc. Wing disc responsiveness to juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysone was examined using Methoprene and 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) in vitro. The body weight of B. mori increased after the last larval ecdysis, peaked at Day 5 of the fifth larval instar (D5L5), and then decreased. The responsiveness of the wing disc to JH decreased after the last larval ecdysis up to D3L5. Bmbr‐c (the Broad Complex of B. mori) showed enhanced expression in D4L5 wing discs with 20E treatment. Some chromatin remodeler and histone modifier genes (Bmsnr1, Bmutx, and Bmtip60) showed upregulation after being cultured with 20E in D4L5 wing discs. A low concentration of 20E is suggested to induce responsiveness to 20E in D4L5 wing discs. Bmbr‐c, Bmsnr1, Bmutx, and Bmtip60 were upregulated after being cultured with a low concentration of 20E in D4L5 wing discs. The expression of Bmmyc and Bmwnt1 did not show a change after being cultured with or without 20E in D4L5 wing discs, while enhanced expression was observed with 20E in D5L5 wing discs. From the present results, we concluded that PT of the wing disc of B. mori occurred beginning on D4L5 with the secretion of low concentrations of ecdysteroids. Bmsnr1, Bmutx, Bmtip60, and BR‐C are also involved.
From data inference to evidence fusion: A methodology for studying computer ethics at different levels
Authors: Piao MinCheng , Lin Junjie , Song Meng , Rui ChenChen
Published: January 2024

The rapid development and widespread use of computer technology in today's society have brought significant benefits and convenience to individuals and organizations. The study presents a concept for constructing a research framework in the realm of computer ethics impact. This involves the introduction of an information fusion model and the utilization of a Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence theory algorithm. The information fusion model aims to integrate multiple sources of evidence related to computer ethics, including expert opinions, public attitudes, and legal regulations. Furthermore, the experimental results show that the platform's impact perception was effective in reducing the number of individuals who consider computer ethics unnecessary from 40% to 3%. This finding highlights the potential of this platform for enhancing public awareness and understanding of computer ethics. In conclusion, the proposed information fusion model and D–S evidence theory algorithm offer a valuable tool for conducting early research on the construction of computer ethics. It is of utmost importance to delve into the uncontrollable facets of building computer ethics and to navigate the subject–object dilemma from the standpoint of computer users. This approach is essential in addressing the ethical dilemmas that have arisen due to the rapid advancement of computer technology in today's world. The novelty lies in the research methodology used in this study, substantial public perception change, ethical risk reduction, and subject–object issue in computer ethics resolution all substantially contribute to the field's influence on people, organizations, and societies.
County‐level colorectal cancer screening rates on colorectal cancer survival in the state of Georgia: Does county‐level rurality matter?
Authors: Tsai Meng‐Han , Coughlin Steven S. , Cortes Jorge
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Investigating CRC screening rates and rurality at the county‐level may explain disparities in CRC survival in Georgia. Although a few studies examined the relationship of CRC screening rates, rurality, and/or CRC outcomes, they either used an ecological study design or focused on the larger population.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis utilizing data from the 2004–2010 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. The 2013 United States Department of Agriculture rural–urban continuum codes and 2004–2010 National Cancer Institute small‐area estimates for screening behaviors were used to identify county‐level rurality and CRC screening rates. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed.

Results

Among 22,160 CRC patients, 5‐year CRC survival rates were lower among CRC patients living in low screening areas in comparison with intermediate/high areas (69.1% vs. 71.6% /71.3%; p‐value = 0.030). Patients living in rural high‐screening areas also had lower survival rates compared to non‐rural areas (68.2% vs. 71.8%; p‐value = 0.009). Our multivariable analysis demonstrated that patients living in intermediate (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85–0.98) and high‐screening (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85–0.99) areas were at 8%–9% reduced risk of CRC death. Further, non‐rural CRC patients living in intermediate and high CRC screening areas were 9% (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83–0.99) and 10% (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82–0.99) less likely to die from CRC.

Conclusions

Lower 5‐year survival rates were observed in low screening and rural high‐screening areas. Living in intermediate/high CRC screening areas was negatively associated with the risk of CRC death. Particularly, non‐rural patients living in intermediate/high‐screening areas were 8%–9% less likely to die from CRC. Targeted CRC screening resources should be prioritized for low screening and rural communities.
Survival in oral and pharyngeal cancers is catching up with laryngeal cancer in the NORDIC countries through a half century
Authors: Zitricky Frantisek , Koskinen Anni I. , Hemminki Otto , Försti Asta , Hemminki Akseli , Hemminki Kari
Published: January 2024

Background

Cancers of the head and neck (HN) are heterogeneous tumors with incidence rates varying globally. In Northern Europe oral and oropharyngeal cancers are the most common individual types. Survival for HN varies by individual tumor type but for most of them survival trends are not well known over extended periods of time.

Methods

Data for a retrospective survival study were obtained for Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish patients from the NORDCAN database from 1971 to 2020. Relative 1‐ and 5‐year survival rates and 5/1‐year conditional survival for years 2–5 were calculated.

Results

Both 1‐ and 5‐year survival improved for all HN cancers but only marginally for laryngeal cancer. For the other cancers a 50‐year increase in 5‐year survival was about 30% units for nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancers, 20% units for oral cancer and somewhat less for hypopharyngeal cancer.

Conclusions

5‐year survival reached about 65% for all HN cancers, except for hypopharyngeal cancer (30%). Human papilloma virus infection is becoming a dominant risk factor for the rapidly increasing oropharyngeal cancer, the prevention of which needs to emphasize oral sex as a route of infection.
ZnO nanomaterials target mitochondrial apoptosis and mitochondrial autophagy pathways in cancer cells
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Li Jingjing , Lu Yan , Ma Yonghua
Published: January 2024

In recent years, the application of engineering nanomaterials has significantly contributed to the development of various biomedical fields. Zinc oxide nanomaterials (ZnO NMts) have gained wide popularity due to their biocompatibility, unique physical and chemical properties, stability, and cost‐effectiveness for large‐scale production. They have emerged as potential materials for anticancer applications. This article provides a comprehensive review of the synthesis methods of ZnO NMts and highlights the advantages of combining ZnO NMts with anticancer drugs as a nano platform for cancer treatment. Additionally, the article briefly explains the mechanism of action of ZnO NMts in tumor cells, focusing on the mitochondrial pathways that target cell apoptosis and autophagy. It is observed that these pathways are primarily influenced by reactive oxygen species generated through oxidative stress. The article discusses the promising prospects of ZnO NMts combined with anticancer drugs in the field of cancer medicine and emphasizes the need for further in‐depth research on the mitochondrial apoptosis and mitochondrial autophagy pathways.
Lincosamide Antibiotics: Structure, Activity, and Biosynthesis
Authors: Mori Takahiro , Abe Ikuro
Published: January 2024

Lincosamides are naturally occurring antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces sp. Currently, lincomycin A and its semisynthetic analogue clindamycin are used as clinical drugs. Due to their unique structures and remarkable biological activities, derivatizations of lincosamides via semi‐synthesis and biosynthetic studies have been reported. This review summarizes the structures and biological activities of lincosamides, and the recent studies of lincosamide biosynthetic enzymes.
Substrate Directed Regio‐ and Enantioselective Ring‐Opening of Epoxides and Aziridines
Authors: Sun Wen‐Na , Mei Guang‐Jian , Jia Shi‐Kun
Published: January 2024

The oxirane and aziridine rings are valuable building blocks in modern synthetic chemistry and catalytic asymmetric ring opening reactions of these three membered ring systems have emerged as a powerful chemical tool for the synthesis of natural products and biologically active compounds. In this context, the regioselective ring‐opening of structurally or electronically unbiased epoxides and aziridines is challenging. Recently, metal‐catalyzed substrate directed strategies have successfully applied in the regio‐ and enantioselective ring opening of functionalized epoxy alcohols by the Yamamoto group. Subsequently, our group realized the ring opening reactions of functionalized 2,3‐aziridinyl alcohols with the dinuclear zinc complex. These enantioselective nucleophilic ring opening reactions of functionalized epoxy alcohols and aziridinyl alcohols allow for the facile synthesis of amino alcohol derivatives and the introduction of new concepts in catalysis.
Solution and Solvent‐Free Stopper Exchange Reactions for the Preparation of Pillar[5]arene‐containing [2] and [3]Rotaxanes
Authors: Becharguia Nihed , Nierengarten Iwona , Strub Jean‐Marc , Cianférani Sarah , Rémy Marine , Wasielewski Emeric , Abidi Rym , Nierengarten Jean‐François
Published: January 2024

Diamine reagents have been used to functionalize a [2]rotaxane building block bearing an activated pentafluorophenyl ester stopper. Upon a first acylation, an intermediate host‐guest complex with a terminal amine function is obtained. Dissociation of the intermediate occurs in solution and acylation of the released axle generates a [2]rotaxane with an elongated axle subunit. In contrast, the corresponding [3]rotaxane can be obtained if the reaction conditions are appropriate to stabilize the inclusion complex of the mono‐amine intermediate and the pillar[5]arene. This is the case when the stopper exchange is performed under mechanochemical solvent‐free conditions. Alternatively, if the newly introduced terminal amide group is large enough to prevent the dissociation, the second acylation provides exclusively a [3]rotaxane. On the other hand, detailed conformational analysis has been also carried out by variable temperature NMR investigations. A complete understanding of the shuttling motions of the pillar[5]arene subunit along the axles of the rotaxanes reported therein has been achieved with the help of density functional theory calculations.
Handoff performance analysis of PMIPv6‐based distributed mobility management protocol‐urban scenario
Authors: Mahenthiran Prabha , Muruganadam Dinakaran
Published: January 2024

Mobility management allows the networks to track down a mobile user's location for sending datagrams and to retain the connection when the user changes its location points repeatedly. Whenever a node switches between one base station and another, the connectivity is maintained through a process called handoff management. For real‐time traffic implementations in wireless network communications, handover performance is essential. A mobile node is blocked from transmitting and receiving a datagram for a longer time as the handover delay increases. Unacceptable handover delays are common in real‐time communication services. To guarantee smooth connectivity and continuous provision of services, effective handoff methods are required. The handoff efficiency of network‐based distributed mobility management (DMM) is studied extensively in this article, along with a comparison to PMIPv6. We specifically investigate how handover delay, session recovery, and packet loss are influenced by cell radius. From the analytical and simulation findings this paper concludes that network‐based DMM performs better than PMIPv6.
Establishing ZIF‐8 as a reference material for hydrogen cryoadsorption: An interlaboratory study
Authors: Villajos Jose A. , Balderas‐Xicohténcatl Rafael , Al Shakhs Ali N. , Berenguer‐Murcia Ángel , Buckley Craig E. , Cazorla‐Amorós Diego , Charalambopoulou Georgia , Couturas Fabrice , Cuevas Fermin , Fairen‐Jimenez David , Heinselman Karen N. , Humphries Terry D. , Kaskel Stefan , Kim Hyunlim , Marco‐Lozar Juan P. , Oh Hyunchul , Parilla Philip A. , Paskevicius Mark , Senkovska Irena , Shulda Sarah , Silvestre‐Albero Joaquin , Steriotis Theodore , Tampaxis Christos , Hirscher Michael , Maiwald Michael
Published: January 2024

Hydrogen storage by cryoadsorption on porous materials has the advantages of low material cost, safety, fast kinetics, and high cyclic stability. The further development of this technology requires reliable data on the H2 uptake of the adsorbents, however, even for activated carbons the values between different laboratories show sometimes large discrepancies. So far no reference material for hydrogen cryoadsorption is available. The metal‐organic framework ZIF‐8 is an ideal material possessing high thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability that reduces degradation during handling and activation. Here, we distributed ZIF‐8 pellets synthesized by extrusion to 9 laboratories equipped with 15 different experimental setups including gravimetric and volumetric analyzers. The gravimetric H2 uptake of the pellets was measured at 77 K and up to 100 bar showing a high reproducibility between the different laboratories, with a small relative standard deviation of 3–4 % between pressures of 10–100 bar. The effect of operating variables like the amount of sample or analysis temperature was evaluated, remarking the calibration of devices and other correction procedures as the most significant deviation sources. Overall, the reproducible hydrogen cryoadsorption measurements indicate the robustness of the ZIF‐8 pellets, which we want to propose as a reference material.
A comparison between conventional and the Paris systems of reporting urinary cytopathology with a literature update
Authors: Kannan Narasimhapriyan , Gochhait Debasis , Ramanitharan Manikandan , Siddaraju Neelaiah
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Owing to certain inherent limitations of earlier reporting systems, “The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS)” was implemented in 2015 to standardize reporting urine cytology with more stringent cytomorphologic criteria. We share our post‐TPS experience, comparing it with the conventional system (CS).

Aim

To assess and compare the cyto‐histopathologic/cystoscopic agreement between the conventional and the Paris systems (CS and TPS) for reporting urine cytology.

Materials and Methods

It is a cross‐sectional study involving urine samples from 170 patients divided into two groups (CS and TPS). Of the 170 cases, 85 were reported according to the CS, and 85 were reported according to TPS with all the relevant clinical, radiologic, and cystoscopic findings. Using the kappa statistics, both groups were statistically analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and agreement.

Results

The sensitivity and specificity for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) as per TPS were 83.33% and 94.59%, respectively, while they were 73.47% and 80.56% for the conventional system. The agreement for HGUC with TPS was 87.06% with a kappa value of 0.7416, while it was 76.5% with a kappa value of 0.53 for the CS. Implementing the TPS minimized usage of the atypical urothelial cells (AUC) category, increasing the clarity in detecting HGUC.

Conclusion

TPS provides better agreement with histopathology than the CS for diagnosing HGUC, which is attributable to stringent TPS criteria that prompt cytopathologists to look more diligently for morphologic and numeric criteria.
A droplet‐based electricity generator incorporating Kelvin water dropper with ultrahigh instantaneous power density
Authors: Li Yang , Qin Xuezhi , Feng Yawei , Song Yuxin , Yi Zhiran , Zheng Huanxi , Zhou Peiyang , Wu Chenyang , Yang Siyan , Wang Lili , Zhu Pingan , Xu Wanghuai , Wang Zuankai
Published: January 2024

Harvesting renewable water energy in various formats such as raindrops, waves, and evaporation is one of the key strategies for achieving global carbon neutrality. The recent decade has witnessed rapid advancement of the droplet‐based electricity generator (DEG) with a continuous leap in the instantaneous output power density from 50 W/m2 to several kW/m2. Despite this, further pushing the upper limit of the output performance of DEG is still constrained by low surface charge density and long precharging time. Here, we report a DEG incorporating the Kelvin water dropper (K‐DEG) that can generate an ultrahigh instantaneous power density of 105 W/m2 upon one droplet impinging. In this design, the Kelvin water dropper continuously replenishes the high density of surface charges on DEG, while DEG fully releases these surface charges into electric output. K‐DEG with such a high output can directly light five 6‐W commercial lamps and even charge a cellphone by using falling droplets.
Recent advances in droplet‐based microfluidics in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis
Authors: Shi Jingyu , Zhang Yu , Fan Yadi , Liu Yi , Yang Mo
Published: January 2024

Liquid biopsy, a noninvasive technique to obtain tumor information from body fluids, is an emerging technology for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring, providing crucial support for the realization of precision medicine. The main biomarkers of liquid biopsy include circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, microRNA, and circulating tumor exosomes. Traditional liquid biopsy detection methods include flow cytometry, immunoassay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based methods, and next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based methods, which are time‐consuming, labor‐intensive, and cannot reflect cell heterogeneity. Droplet‐based microfluidics with high throughput, low contamination, high sensitivity, and single‐cell/single‐molecule/single‐exosome analysis capabilities have shown great potential in the field of liquid biopsy. This review aims to summarize the recent development in droplet‐based microfluidics in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis.
Chemical reaction in a liquid–liquid phase‐separated multiple droplet: Synchronization of color change dynamics with droplet movement
Authors: Goto Kenta , Nakanishi Kyoka , Tani Fumito , Tokuda Satoru
Published: January 2024

Liquid–liquid phase separation in a biotic cell system organizes complicated biochemical reactions and functions by forming membraneless compartments that allow a substrate to move across the phase boundary. On the other hand, liquid–liquid phase separation in an abiotic system gives rise to an emulsion and/or multiple droplets that hardly undergo chemical reactions. We have developed a method for the formation of phase‐separated multiple droplet in a ternary mixture with a 3D‐printed microchannel and demonstrated the occurrence of the iron(III) thiocyanate ligand exchange reaction in the multiple droplet. The reaction proceeded differently in the outer‐ and the inner‐droplet phases, giving a different iron(III) complex that was identified on the basis of its color change. Surprisingly, the color change was dynamic, enabling visualization of the interphase mass transfer. At the same time, the color change dynamics synchronized with the multiple‐droplet movement.
Comprehensive Design and Transient Analysis of Novel Off‐Grid Zero Energy and Nearly Zero Emission Building with Hydrogen‐Integrated Storage System
Authors: Maleki Dastjerdi Sajad , Ardehali Armin , Naseryar Fatemeh
Published: January 2024

The present study investigates the provision of heating, cooling, electricity, and domestic hot water consumption for a 100 m2 off‐grid zero‐energy residential building housing four occupants. Notably, the building is equipped with a hydrogen stove for cooking, and its electricity consumption is sustained throughout the year using renewable energies, independently of the electrical grid, with hydrogen energy storage. Using a Trombe wall for heating, surplus power is converted and stored in a dedicated hydrogen tank. TRNSYS software models analyze the system, demonstrating thermal comfort for 98.3% of the year. With 83 m2 of photovoltaic panels, the house operates off‐grid, slashing CO2 emissions by 8154.7 kg annually by reducing boiler energy consumption through waste heat utilization. The hydrogen tank minimizes the required battery size while the Trombe wall significantly contributes to heating, especially in colder climates. Remarkably, the building's renewable energy usage curtails emissions up to 8.5 times more than a Toyota Prius, showcasing its environmental impact in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Incorporating bay leaf extract (Laurus nobilis L.) and determining the quality attributes of Turkish fermented sausage (sucuk)
Authors: Benli Hakan , Şahin Pelin , Ağçam Erdal
Published: January 2024

This study aimed at investigating the quality attributes of Turkish fermented sausage (sucuk) incorporated with bay leaf extract obtained as a natural antioxidant and a source of phytochemicals. Five different bay leaf extracts were obtained with distilled water and 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90% ethanol. The total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity values indicated that ultrasound‐assisted 70% ethanol extract was the most suitable extract. Furthermore, five groups of sucuks were manufactured with the addition of bay leaf extract (1, 5, and 10 mL/kg), ascorbic acid (500 mg/kg), and control. The extracts were produced similar pH values when compared to control and ascorbic acid samples. The treatments had no significant effect on moisture contents of sucuks. Bay leaf extracts produced comparable color, texture profile analysis, and TBARS values to control and ascorbic acid samples. Biogenic amine contents (mg/kg dry weight) of sucuks including tryptamine (6.43–30.66), 2‐phenylethylamine (2.24–32.04), putrescine (2.19–7.98), cadaverine (3.28–12.21), histamine (7.01–11.38), tyramine (3.27–71.07), spermidine (4.44–8.01), and spermine (53.96–68.25) were mostly within the lower ranges typically associated with sucuk. However, the lowest cadaverine values observed at the end of storage in the bay leaf extract added samples indicated that bay leaf extract might be effective in decreasing cadaverine values during storage. The addition of bay leaf extract caused similar sensory attributes to the control and ascorbic acid samples. This study revealed that Turkish fermented sucuks could be effectively incorporated with bay leaf extracts without a negative effect on the quality attributes or consumer acceptability.