bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Off-shore purification of oil water during the operation of inland navigation vessels
Authors: Reshnyak Valery I. , Domnina Olga L.
Published: September 2022

This article is devoted to the problem of protecting reservoirs from pollution by petroleum products contained in ship's bilge water formed during the operation of inland navigation vessels. Despite the current experience, this problem has not yet found any effective solution. The ship's installations used do not always reliably provide the required degree of purification, and, in addition, many inland navigation vessels do not have the possibility of placing installations for the purification of oil bilge water. It is shown that for these reasons, the most effective solution to the problem under study is the use of a complex of technical means of off-court cleaning oil bilge water. At the same time, the article proposes to represent all the actions that the oil bilge water undergoes at the same time as the technology of the process of its movement. It is also shown that the content of this technology will be different for different sections of waterways. The factors that will determine the specified content of the oil bilge water movement technology have been established. This approach makes it possible to ensure the required purification of alloil bilge water that is formed in the considered area of waterways at the lowest cost and while ensuring navigation safety.
Parameterization of a Refined Model Aimed at Simulating Laser-Induced Incandescence of Soot Using a Visible Excitation Wavelength of 532 nm
Authors: Sébastien Menanteau  , Romain Lemaire
Published: September 2022

Laser-induced incandescence (LII) is one of the most powerful techniques for soot detection in combustion media. It is therefore commonly used to perform experiments in lab-scale flames and industrial combustors with a view to elucidating the formation mechanisms leading to combustion-generated fine carbonaceous particles while assessing their intrinsic properties. Quantitatively interpreting LII measurements, however, requires a firm knowledge of the optical properties of soot, including their wavelength-dependent absorption function (). Among the approaches used to evaluate such a crucial parameter, one can implement a LII model to derive the value which has to be set to reproduce a series of LII signals measured in a well-characterized environment. In this context, the present work aims at parameterizing a refined LII model built upon a comprehensive version of soot heat- and mass-balance equations for assessment when using a visible excitation wavelength of 532 nm. The proposed model integrates terms representing the saturation of linear, single- and multi-photon absorption processes, cooling by sublimation, conduction, radiation and thermionic emission, in addition to mechanisms depicting soot oxidation and annealing, non-thermal photodesorption of carbon clusters, as well as corrective factors accounting for the shielding effect and multiple scattering (MS) within aggregates. To parameterize this advanced simulation tool, an optimization procedure coupling design of experiments with a genetic algorithm-based solver was implemented. Doing so allowed to estimate the values of different factors involved in absorption and sublimation terms, including the multi-photon absorption cross-section for C2 photodesorption, the saturation coefficients for linear- and multi-photon absorption, as well as the value. Obtained parameters turned out to be well-suited to reproduce a set of LII signals acquired in a Diesel flame. While leading to predictions merging on a single curve with measured data, the so-parameterized model notably led to infer values of 0.3 and 0.38 when considering or neglecting MS within aggregates, respectively. Finally, the / ratio estimated based on data collected herein and in a former modeling work was found to be consistent with results issued from two-excitation wavelength LII measurements previously reported in the literature.
PERS DALAM DEMOKRATISASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Solihutaufa Encep
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this paper is to find out how the role of the press in the May 1998 revolution and to find out the obstacles faced by the press in carrying out its role. This research is descriptive and literary in nature, by analyzing and describing the role of the press in the May 1998 revolution through books, journals, articles, documents and research results related to these events. The background for determining the topic of this research is considering the press as a social institution that has power in the political system and based on the author's observation that the press during the new order was always limited by the government's space for movement, in other words the government carried out strict control over the press, but in situations and circumstances Under such conditions, the press is still able to play a role in realizing democracy in Indonesia, especially in the events of the May 1998 revolution. The news that was critical during the May 1998 revolution presented by the press would undermine the legitimacy of the government regime. The press is also a means for the public to convey input into the political system. Thus, it is clear that the press has a significant role in the May 1998 revolution. The role of the press in democratization is as a means of change and as a means of control and criticism. When it comes to the May revolution, the role of the press as a means of change consists of the press as issues manager, delegitimizing the regime and as a social organizer. The obstacles experienced by the press in carrying out its role are the intervention or restraint of the government on the press and the excitement of the press by electronic media.
Recurrent Neural Networks Based Wind Speed Forecasting Models: A Case Study of Yalova
Authors: KİRİŞ Zeliha Nur , BEYCA Ömer Faruk , KOSANOĞLU Fuat
Published: September 2022

Global warming and other adversarial effects caused by fossil fuel sources, renewable energy sources have been attracted more than ever. Especially, parties of Paris Climate Agreement countries pledge to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Among renewable energy sources, wind energy is one of the significant and eligible source to produce energy sustainably. Wind energy is also one of the most important renewable energy source due to Turkey’s notable wind energy potential. Although wind energy is one of the most important clean energy sources, there are several challenges, such as intermittent and uncertain nature of wind places. Therefore, efficient and reliable energy planning and distribution mostly rely on prediction of wind energy with high accuracy. In this study, we propose four Reccurent Neural Network (RNN) methods to predict short-term wind energy production. We utilize data obtained from a station located in Yalova, Turkey to assess the performance of proposed algorithms. In our analysis, we plan to improve maintenance planning and intervene the sudden breakdowns by predicting 1 hour ahead energy production. First, we analyze the data received from the station, and the data sets were made suitable for the models. The performance results obtained from the models are plausible. Our results indicate that RNN methods can be successfully used to predict wind speed.
Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for Chaeturichthys stigmatias (Actinopterygii: Gobiiformes: Gobiidae) based on restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq)
Authors: Chen Bingjie , Pan Yu , Zheng Jian , Song Chenyu , Song Na
Published: September 2022

Chaeturichthys stigmatias Richardson, 1844, a fish species of the family Gobiidae, is an offshore warm-temperate fish species and a dominant component of estuarine ecosystems. In this study, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing was adopted to analyze the traits of candidate microsatellite markers for C. stigmatias, and 30 polymorphic loci were developed. A total of 5631 microsatellites with primer fragments were detected, among which trinucleotide repeats (57.56% of the total simple sequence repeats) were the most abundant, followed by di- (23.30%), tetra- (11.79%), penta- (4.14%), and hexa- (3.21%) nucleotide repeats type. The numbers of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 14 with the mean value of 10.4. The mean value of observed heterozygosity and the expected heterozygosity were 0.349 and 0.870, respectively. The microsatellite locus with the lowest polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.749, which indicated that all sites were highly polymorphic (PIC > 0.50). This is the first microsatellite development and characterization of this species to be reported.
« Un vieil homme est toujours un Roi Lear » (Goethe) – Le vieux roi en son exil d’Arno Geiger
Authors: Faure-Godbert Sylvaine
Published: September 2022

Arno Geiger consacre le récit autobiographique Le vieux roi en son exil (2011) à son père, frappé par la maladie d’Alzheimer au seuil du grand âge. Il retrace l’inexorable évolution de la maladie, des premiers symptômes au milieu des années 1990 jusqu’au placement en maison de retraite. Chroniqueur de la perte et de l’effacement, Geiger reconstruit les souvenirs du père à mesure que ceux-ci s’abolissent. Il livre ainsi un récit de filiation qui relève du geste autobiographique mais fait également le détour par la fiction pour recomposer l’image d’un père de plus en plus absent à lui-même. Vécue comme un douloureux déracinement métaphysique, la maladie est étroitement associée dans le texte aux motifs de l’errance et de l’exil. À l’image du vieux roi Lear qui manifeste dans sa folie une immense sagesse, le père oscille entre sénilité et clairvoyance. En reprenant la figure du roi, celle du Roi Lear en particulier, Geiger inscrit l’histoire de son père dans une large intertextualité, lui conférant ainsi à la fois une grandeur tragique et une dimension plus universelle. Si Geiger s’attache en effet avant tout à rendre au vieil homme une singularité dont Alzheimer semble parfois le priver, il tente aussi d’établir un diagnostic sur ce qu’il appelle « la maladie du siècle » qui reflète et traduit selon lui la désagrégation du monde moderne.
Comparison of ethical principles applied in social work and health care
Authors: Slaná Miriam , Slaný Jaroslav
Published: September 2022

Résumé : Les travailleurs sociaux ainsi que le personnel soignant (médecins et infirmiers) font partie des professions aidantes. Ce sont les types d'emplois qui exigent une certaine qualification et expertise, mais ils sont également exigeants en termes de normes éthiques et morales. La profession médicale est la profession la plus ancienne avec son propre code de déontologie (le serment d'Hippocrate, et plus tard l'éthique du christianisme). Les piliers de l'éthique des soins de santé sont construits autour des principes de bienfaisance, de non-malfaisance, d'autonomie et de justice, complétés par les exigences de crédibilité et de confidentialité. Les mêmes principes forment également l'épine dorsale du Code déontologique du travail social. Ces deux professions ont toujours à l'esprit la préservation et l'approbation de la dignité d'un client. L'éthique requise dans l'exercice de leurs professions reflète à la fois la situation et l'évolution de la société contemporaine, et contient en même temps des principes de valeurs historiquement prouvés ou généralement reconnus.
L’empathie favoriserait-elle l’éthique au sein des organisations ?
Authors: Martineau Joé T. , Gril Emmanuelle
Published: September 2022

Le rôle de l’empathie dans un contexte organisationnel est de plus en plus reconnu et étudié. Les recherches suggèrent que l’empathie a un effet potentiellement considérable sur les organisations, notamment au chapitre de la prise de décision éthique et de la mise en place d’une culture éthique au sein de celles-ci. Aperçu de l’avancée des connaissances à ce sujet.
Acceptabilité sociale : cinq bonnes pratiques à promouvoir
Authors: Baba Sofiane , Courcelles Réal , Dunn Marc
Published: September 2022

Le gouvernement canadien s’est engagé à investir au moins 180 milliards de dollars dans les grands projets entre 2016 et 2028 1 , que ce soit dans les transports publics, dans les infrastructures aéroportuaires ou dans les réseaux de télécommunications et les systèmes énergétiques. Plus de 77 000 projets ont déjà été réalisés ou sont en cours dans le cadre de ce programme d’investissement. Or, comment assurer l’acceptabilité sociale de tous ces projets pour qu’ils soient couronnés de succès ?
Encadrer le pouvoir exécutif après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale : l’invention de la science administrative
Authors: Mavrot Céline
Published: September 2022

Cet article analyse l’émergence d’une science administrative en France à l’issue de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. La naissance de cette discipline est examinée à la lumière de la trajectoire de ses fondateurs, un groupe de juristes comparatistes visant à élaborer des principes administratifs universels. Dans le contexte d’après-guerre, l’heure est à la recherche de garde-fous à apporter au pouvoir administratif (contrôle de la légalité de l’action administrative), ainsi qu’aux pouvoirs des États-nations (droits humains et organisations internationales). La science administrative et le droit comparé sont mis au service de la restauration d’un dialogue international. L’histoire de cette discipline permet de mettre en lumière un projet juridique de redéfinition du rôle et des limites du pouvoir étatique, à l’aube de la construction d’un nouvel ordre mondial. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Considérer les évolutions sur le long terme de la science de l’administration permet d’informer la pratique administrative en offrant une perspective historique et réflexive. Cet article montre comment l’appréhension du fait administratif a été renouvelée après la chute des régimes totalitaires de la première moitié du 20 e  siècle. Il met en évidence les différents modes d’encadrement du pouvoir administratif qui ont été envisagés après la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale, à travers le perfectionnement du contrôle de légalité administrative, l’établissement de principes administratifs universels et la proclamation des droits humains. Les questions de légitimité administrative et de limitation du pouvoir administratif sont au cœur de la pratique quotidienne du pouvoir étatique, et représentent un aspect central de la pensée administrative.
A Remote Triggered Compound Parabolic Collector for Thermal Engineering Studies
Authors: Freeman Joshua  D. , Mohankumar Umesh , Achuthan Krishnashree
Published: September 2022

Solar thermal energy systems are one of the most cost-effective renewable energy systems in use today. Engineering students study the design of these systems with the goal of learning how to design similar systems and perform research on improving the heating efficiency and overall operations. This paper elaborates on the design, construction, testing, and validation of a solar thermal system as a remote, open instrumentation lab, using two Compound Parabolic Collector (CPC) evacuated tube collectors with separate heating media. The lab allows for comparing heat transfer rates and collector efficiencies simultaneously for two fluids that have different thermal capacities. The heat patterns could be viewed using thermal cameras to analyze the CPC design. The unique feature of the system is its facility to control the lab remotely, as the setup is interfaced with instrumentation on a web server, thereby allowing students from geographically distant areas to access and perform experiments on the CPCs. A cumbersome lab with expensive hardware and outdoor requirements is thus made easy to perform and learn from via remote access. This remote methodology and hardware and IT architectures are especially pertinent and relevant in the blended and remote learning scenarios made common by the pandemic.
Influencing Factors of Virtual Simulation Experiment Teaching Effect Based on SEM
Authors: Xie Xiaofang , Guo Xinyao
Published: September 2022

Virtual simulation experiment teaching has been extensively applied to higher education. Recognizing the influencing factors of virtual simulation experiment teaching effect and analyzing the influencing strength of each factor has become a highly concerning problem in the education circle. To improve the virtual simulation experiment teaching effect effectively and make feasible optimization measures, influencing factors were first reviewed and analyzed in this study based on previous research from four perspectives of engagement of students, the academic basis of students, virtual simulation experiment design, and teachers’ guiding. Second, the conceptual model and structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the virtual simulation experiment teaching effect were constructed by the SEM analytical method. On this basis, nine hypotheses of the model were designed. Finally, a case study based on the three built virtual simulation teaching projects was conducted. The significance of the influencing factors on the teaching effect was verified through questionnaires, SPSS analysis, and AMOS software. The acting path and influencing the strength of influencing factors were analyzed. Some strategies and measures to improve the virtual simulation teaching effect were proposed. Results demonstrated that virtual simulation experiment design is the primary influencing factor of the teaching effect, followed by engagement of students, teachers’ guiding and academic basis of students successively. Conclusions can provide theoretical support and decision-making references to formulate strategies for improving virtual simulation experiment teaching.
Models, Metaphors, and the Transit of Venus at Victorian Greenwich
Authors: Ratcliff Jessica
Published: September 2022

During the nineteenth century, the Royal Observatory Greenwich underwent a remarkable transformation, which has been described by historians as like an industrial revolution in observatory science. George Biddell Airy (Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881) was a leading figure in this period. The effort to measure the distance to the sun (solar parallax) using observations of the 1874 transit of Venus was one of the most ambitious enterprises of his career. In many ways the transit program became a proving ground for the new methods of “industrial” astronomy that had been developing over the previous half-century. In order for the plan to succeed, multiple geographically-separated observations of a particular moment in the transit’s passage would have to be made. The problem was that no one alive had ever witnessed a transit or knew what this moment would look like. The response was to build simulation transits of Venus-mechanical models-to be used for experimentation and training. The design of these models was driven in part by calculations and in part by the astronomical reports from previous transits of Venus in the eighteenth century. Some of these reports evoked metaphorical descriptions of a “black drop effect” at the crucial moment to be observed. When it was found that some models also produced a black drop effect, the phenomenon came to be thought of by Airy and his assistants as real and reliable. This belief would turn out to be false.
Pour une paléontologie de l’histoire. L’ethnologie anglaise à l’âge romantique
Authors: Blanckaert Claude
Published: September 2022

Les monuments matériels, l’archive symbolique des sociétés, les langues, sont considérés comme des « fossiles de civilisation » attestant l’évolution intellectuelle et morale des premières nations. Ces échanges terminologiques ont favorisé le passage d’une histoire naturelle descriptive à une vision diachronique des « époques » de la nature.
Mythes fondateurs et protecteur·ice·s
Authors: Clément Eugénie
Published: September 2022

Cet article se fonde sur des enquêtes ethnographiques extensives entamées en 2016 auprès de fermiers et d’activistes Diné, dans la Nation Navajo, la plus grande réserve amérindienne des États-Unis, dans le Sud-Ouest du pays. Les mythes fondateurs et les lois fondamentales, transmis aux Diné par les êtres sacrés, sont mobilisés et actualisés dans les luttes en cours. Derrière l’apparence d’un front uni qui opposerait les Diné aux compagnies minières néolibérales et aux États bordant leur nation, la réalité se révèle bien plus complexe dans les pratiques. Une nouvelle génération d’activistes Navajo mobilise les mythes fondateurs et critique les luttes de pouvoir au sein de leur nation. Ils se saisissent des théories de la gauche révolutionnaire pour justifier de l’urgence de mettre fin au capitalisme, responsable selon eux du chaos climatique. Au centre de ce mouvement se trouve un changement dans les modes de relation.
Dans l’ombre de la pandémie
Authors: Douville Olivier , Selim Monique
Published: September 2022

Anthropologie et psychanalyse ont beaucoup en commun mais aussi des logiques profondément différentes. L’écoute dans un accès direct aux sujets sur le terrain d’un côté, dans la cure sur le divan de l’autre forment un socle en partage durement ébranlé par la distanciation imposée par la pandémie. Les contraintes gouvernementales ont affecté autant les anthropologues plus ou moins interdits de terrain que les psychanalystes obligés à une prudence préventive avec leurs patients. Les un.es comme les autres ont été amené.es pour poursuivre leur activité à utiliser les moyens numériques à leur disposition. Les auteurs réfléchissent ici sur ces nouvelles praxis.
Renouer avec l’expérience face au prêt à penser des concepts
Authors: Chauvier Éric , Rebeyrolle Marie , Puaud David
Published: September 2022

Dans notre époque de crise généralisée de l’expérience, c’est-à-dire où nous ne pensons ni n’expérimentons plus par nous-mêmes, Éric Chauvier nous invite au cours de cet entretien à renouer avec une anthropologie de l’expérience. Incarner des trajectoires de vie, donner à voir les ambivalences à l’œuvre, produire des questionnements subtils, contextualiser les concepts utilisés, participent à décrire et penser réellement les choses. À l’opposé du « simple à comprendre » dominant, que la possibilité de Zemmour illustre, qui ne requiert et ne consomme plus que du concept dont la ruse ultime est justement de se faire passer pour de l’expérience et de la réalité.
Quand Omar Victor Diop auto‑incarne les figures visuelles de diaspora
Authors: Riot Thomas
Published: September 2022

Dans la lignée d’une socio-anthropologie culturelle et politique de la blackness, cet article explore la démarche qu’entreprend le photographe Omar Victor Diop dans la série « Diaspora ». Au prisme d’une auto-représentation de soi alimentée par quelques personnages historiques issus des « Atlantiques noirs », l’œuvre interroge en premier lieu la positionnalité de l’auteur. Comme source de réaffirmation d’un corps noir hybride et comme ingrédient d’une histoire connectée du panafricanisme, « Diaspora » et son créateur se présentent comme les passeurs bio-politiques d’un imaginaire de lutte face à la domination occidentale.
Einstein's bias blind spot: It is evident that the longitudinal Doppler effect contradicts the constancy of the velocity of light c in reference frames
Authors: Ziefle Reiner Georg
Published: September 2022

Abstract  The physical mystery behind the constancy of the velocity of light is solved after the bias blind spot of Einstein's relativistic physics was illuminated precisely. We have given the physical law f = c/λ. The relative
frequency shifts of the longitudinal Doppler effect are calculated from the frequency ratio of the frequency f r at the receiver and the frequency f e at the emitter. The very small frequency shift of the so-called relativistic time dilation factor can be
neglected for low velocities. Comparing electromagnetic radiation, when receiver and emitter are at rest, the wavelengths must be the same and are canceling, so that we obtain: f r/f e = (c/λ r)/c/λ
e) = c/c = 1/1. If the relative velocity c of light were constant in any inertial frame, independent of the motion of the receiver and emitter, no shift of wavelength and frequency would be possible. Einstein's special relativity
excludes the possibility of the longitudinal Doppler effect. The longitudinal Doppler effect is explained according to relativity in dependence of gravity (RG), by which Einstein's illogical relativity is replaced. Why do we always measure the constant velocity c on Earth is now physically
understandable.
An accurate analysis of the Michelson‐Morley experiment shows that the speed of light is not a constant relative to a moving frame
Authors: Master-Khodabakhsh Cyrus
Published: September 2022

This paper shows how the miscalculated result of an experiment caused the birth of the theory of relativity. It reveals the error made by Michelson in his calculations to obtain the result of the experiment he performed with Morley, which was designed to detect the speed of the earth
relative to ether. Thus, Michelson anticipated observing an outcome that understandably would not occur. This paper shows the correct calculations, proving that the very experiment that led to the invention of the theory of relativity can in fact be a proof that the theory is wrong. It also
shows that as far as the existence of ether is concerned, the Michelson‐Morley experiment is irrelevant.
A UNIVERSIDADE DIANTE DAS POLÍTICAS DE FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Duvernoy Doriele Andrade , Lucena Denise Alves de , Vidal Odaléa Feitosa
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar os fatores que estão no cerne das atuais políticas educacionais e que afetam diretamente e indiretamente a formação de professores nas universidades do Brasil. As discussões centralizaram os processos de resistência e a configuração de micropolíticas ativas como enfrentamento aos ataques que impactam a formação e a prática docente. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico e documental de cunho qualitativo. Os resultados obtidos revelam que as micropolíticas ativas no contexto das Universidades em interlocução com fóruns, movimentos e comunidades epistêmicas constituem um importante instrumento para a formação de professores, possibilitando novos olhares sobre os contextos de práticas de políticas educacionais.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE EMPRESARIAMENTO DA POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL NO CONTEXTO DA CRISE PANDÊMICA NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: Souza Thaís Godoi de , Gonçalves Leonardo Dorneles , Moreira Jani Alves da Silva
Published: September 2022

O presente texto tem como objetivo analisar as políticas educacionais e sua relação com o empresariado no contexto da pandemia pela Covid-19, na educação pública paranaense. Trata-se dos resultados de uma pesquisa de análise documental e de conteúdo a partir de dados presentes nos contratos de compra de serviços de telefonia, televisão, produção e transmissão de vídeo pelo Estado do Paraná para a oferta do ensino remoto aos alunos dos anos finais do ensino fundamental e ensino médio, no período de suspensão das aulas presenciais iniciado em março de 2020. Os resultados demonstram que, ao longo dos primeiros meses da pandemia, ocorreu expansão da ação empresarial na educação pública paranaense.
GAMIFICAÇÃO NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL E/OU CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Carvalho Daiane Aparecida Costa , Roberto de Lima Marcio
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho tem como temática a imbricação da gamificação em processos de formação inicial e/ou continuada de professores e consolida uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RSL) de artigos cadastrados no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES entre os anos de 2016-2020. Metodologicamente, a revisão seguiu o protocolo proposto por AKOBENG (2005) para analisar um grupo de 58 artigos que, após a submissão aos procedimentos de filtro de conteúdo e seleção temática, foi reduzido a seis produções. Em relação ao resultado, a RSL nos indicou a necessidade de serem desenvolvidas mais experiências gamificadas em contextos de formação de professores e um maior aprofundamento por parte dos pesquisadores quanto à adoção de tal estratégia, tendo em vista sua complexidade e exigência de um planejamento contextualizado e bem sistematizado.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Sideritis montana L. Leaf Extract: Characterization, Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Erenler Ramazan , Gecer Esma Nur
Published: September 2022

Nanotechnology is arising as a fast-developing research discipline with many usages areas. The silver nanoparticles synthesis (sm-AgNPs) is accomplished by reduction of silver ions in treatment with aqueous extract ofSideritis montanaL. leaves. The colour change from yellow to dark brown confirmed the structures. The spectroscopic studies revealed the desired structure. In the UV-Vis spectrum, the maximum absorption was observed at 480 nm. The diffraction peaks (2θ) at the degrees of 38.14°, 44.29°, 64.48°, and 77.38° can correspond to 111, 200, 220, and 311 facets that indicates the nanostructure to be a face-centered cubic unit structure. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analyses indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles were spherical with an average particle size of 36.42 nm. The zeta potential of sm-AgNPs was found as -35.2 mV which indicated the repulsion among nanoparticles and their stability. The peaks from Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) were associated with the phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, indicating that the corresponding compounds might act as reducing agents. The photocatalytic effect of sm-AgNPs was examined by degradation of methylene blue and sm-AgNPs were able to degrade the dye by about 67% at 96 h.
Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticles with High Light Absorption on Improving Growth Parameters and Enzymatic Properties of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)
Authors: Hassan Mir , Ahangar Ahmad Gholamalizadeh , Mir Noshin
Published: September 2022

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanoparticles are great boosters for better sunlight absorption by plants. However, their band gap is so wide that they can only absorb UV light, which is a small portion of the sunlight. To improve the absorption of visible light, in this work, titanium nanoparticles were sensitized by saffron dye and the effect of foliar application of the dyed nanoparticles on growth parameters and enzymatic properties of sorghum was investigated and the results were compared with those of conventional titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The experiment was conducted in Zabol region, Iran. Saffron, a natural organic dye, was used as a sensitizer because of its availability and high extinction coefficient in the visible regions. To perform sensitization, titanium dioxide nanoparticles were immersed in saffron dye solution to absorb the dye on their surface. Then different concentrations of the sensitized nanoparticles were applied on plants by foliar spraying. The most improved growth parameters including root and shoot lengths, shoot fresh and dry weights, root fresh and dry weights were obtained after application of dye-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles. Zinc and iron are the elements highly affected by the application of new nanoparticles. Enzyme activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase were also increased significantly. Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll a/b ratio showed the highest values in 500 ppm dye-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles. The obtained results confirm the improvement in growth parameters and enzymatic properties of Sorghum after application of the new TiO2 nanoparticles.
Incorporating the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Medical Education in India
Authors: Shah N. , Singh T.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Medical teachers in India perform multiple duties which include clinical care, teaching-learning activities and research. While research publications are considered for recruitment and promotion, teaching-learning activities are hardly acknowledged. The purpose of presenting this perspective is to emphasize the importance and value of the scholarship of teaching and learning in medical education
Methodology: We describe the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL), what exactly does it involve and its unique attributes such as deep reflection, committed engagement in action and making the work public for peer review. We also describe the importance of student involvement in SoTL work. We present some examples of SoTL work and ponder upon how this could be incorporated in medical education
Results: SoTL could be incorporated by sensitising all the stakeholders, creating an atmosphere in the medical colleges that is conducive to the development of such a scholarship, and rewarding it appropriately. Mechanisms to document SoTL work and assess it shall have to be developed.
Conclusion: Incorporating SoTL in medical education would give new meaning and purpose to a career in medical education. The quality of medical education would improve, benefitting the students, and ultimately the society.
Comparative analysis of Modified Thorington to the prism cover, von Graefe and Maddox rod tests
Authors: Metsing Thokozile I. , Mathebula Solani D.
Published: September 2022

Background: Heterophoria measurement is important in the evaluation of binocular vision. There are many different methods of heterophoria measurement. There are various methods of heterophoria measurements, and studies have compared different methods, some reporting little difference between the methods while others reported that measures can be significantly different.Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare heterophoria measurements obtained using four clinical methods, that is, the modified Thorington test (MTT) on the Bernell Muscle Imbalance Measure (MIM) with those obtained from the prism cover test (PCT), Von Graefe test (VGT) and Maddox rod test (MRT), and thereby to establish their interchangeability.Setting: The study was performed at an optometric clinic within a South African university.Methods: Dissociated near horizontal heterophoria was measured on a sample of 30 optometry students (ages 19–25 years) using the PCT, VGT, MRT and MTT. Three measurements for each of the four tests per participant were obtained, and thereafter the means were applied in analysis of the results. Agreement between paired tests was assessed using Bland–Altman plots.Results: The means for near or proximal heterophoria obtained using the four tests were −2.63 ± 1.9Δ, −2.90 ± 1.7Δ, −3.37 ± 2.0Δ and −2.47 ± 1.9Δ, with a strong correlation for each pair (p = 0.00) (minus signs indicate exophoria [XOP]). Among the different combinations of tests, the MTT and PCT showed the best agreement, although the reliability was good for all four tests.Conclusion: The measurement of near heterophoria can best be quantified either using the MTT or PCT because they showed the greatest level of agreement.
Retinopathy of prematurity screening in Johannesburg, South Africa: A comparative study
Authors: Seobi Teboho , Maposa Innocent , Makgotloe Mokokomadi A.
Published: September 2022

Background: Timeous screening of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important predictor of ROP screening outcomes, and hospitals at different levels of care might have different access to ROP screening by ophthalmologists, resulting in different ROP screening outcomes.Objective: To compare ROP screening outcomes between premature babies from a neonatal facility at a central hospital to those from regional hospitals in Johannesburg.Setting: Retinopathy of prematurity screening in babies born at central and non-central hospitals in Johannesburg, South Africa, between 01 January 2015 and 31 June 2020.Methods: A cross-sectional study describing clinical findings in babies referred for ROP screening at a central Johannesburg hospital.Results: A total of 2035 ROP screening records were included in the study. The babies screened from the central hospital and regional hospitals were 1081 (53.1%) and 954 (46.9%), respectively. The proportion of babies with ROP were 125 (11.6%) and 121 (12.7%) in the central hospital and regional hospitals, respectively, and this difference was not statistically significant, p = 0.435. There was a significant association between gestational age (GA) categories and birth weight (BW) with the hospital of birth, with proportionately more babies with GA 28 weeks, 212 (19.6%) versus 158 (16.6%) p  0.001, and BW 1500 g, 894 (82.7%) versus 737 (77.3%) p = 0.001, being referred by the central hospital compared to regional hospitals.Conclusion: The prevalence of ROP in regional hospitals does not seem to differ from that found in central hospitals.
Puo Pha!: African theology is a public theology of dialogue
Authors: Resane Kelebogile T.
Published: September 2022

In this article it is aimed to demonstrate that African theology is a public theology and a theology of dialogue based on its vocalism and oralism. The starting point is the definition of African theology, including its theologising methodologies. The method of research is a critical analysis of literature studies across the disciplines. A Sesotho proverbial or idiomatic puo pha! (orality) is used to illustrate that the decolonisation of theology is possible through African proverbs. This approach enhances African theology in its endeavours to unshackle itself from the western theology. As puo pha! African theology is the voice that addresses social menaces without compromises. It is the voice speaking not from the top, but from below. It is the voice of the masses, more than that of the intellectual elites. As puo pha! it engages African realities and experiences to make theological conclusions. It is argued here that African theology operates in public spaces since it is person-centred, expresses itself through processes of inculturation and is prophetic in character. Results show that African theology is a theology of encounter, and it is interactive. It becomes dialogical in nature, as it invites cultural contexts and eco-sciences in through dialogue in order that it may become relevant to African realities. The conclusion is the recommendation that African theologians embrace and promote an integrated theological method that synergises puo pha! with written theology for African theology, to have both biblical fidelity and cultural relevance.Contribution: The article intends to impress the validity of African proverbs in explaining theology, practised within African context. It demonstrates the sensibilities of African theology as a public theology and a theology of dialogue.
Investigating the cognitive demand levels in probability and counting principles learning tasks from an online mathematics textbook
Authors: Ekol George , Mlotshwa Simphiwe
Published: September 2022

This case study carried out during the 2020 coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown used online data collection means to investigate the distribution of cognitive demand levels of probability and counting principles (PCP) learning tasks in a popular online Grade 12 mathematics textbook, based on the PCP teachers’ rating. The teachers’ cognitive demand ratings were categorised following Stein’s mathematical task framework. Five mathematics teachers from four secondary schools in two provinces in South Africa participated in the study by filling in an online questionnaire. We developed a rating framework named the mean cognitive demand rating (MCDR) to help us interpret the teachers’ perception of the tasks in terms of cognitive demand to the learners. Data from the teachers’ ratings revealed nearly 65% of the PCP learning tasks in the online textbook were rated as high. Analysis of secondary data from Department of Basic Education diagnostic reports from 2014 to 2020, however, suggests no association between teachers’ rating of learning tasks and learner performance.Contribution: This study draws attention to a long-standing underperformance in the topic of probability and suggests classroom-based study that focuses on the learners’ rating of the learning tasks themselves to understand clearly how best to support them.
Oxygen as a drug and scarce commodity: Do we use it rationally?
Authors: Groenewald Linda , Faber Lurika , Fourie Jean-Pierre , Oosthuizen Cornelius J. , Müller Miécke , Van der Westhuizen Kayla , Kapp Dian D. , Swanepoel Righard , Brits Hanneke
Published: September 2022

Background: Medical grade oxygen is classified as a drug and needs to be prescribed by a qualified healthcare professional. Oxygen therapy is prescribed to people who cannot maintain normal blood oxygen saturation while breathing atmospheric air. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the importance of the rational use of this scarce commodity. This study investigated oxygen therapy practices in adult ward patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study design with an analytical component was used in the adults wards at a National District Hospital and the Pelonomi Academic Hospital in Bloemfontein. Data were collected from patient files, interviews and oxygen measurements of adult patients that received oxygen.Results: One hundred and fifteen patients were included in the study, of whom 47.0% received oxygen without an oxygen prescription. Around 62.3% of the patients with prescriptions did not receive oxygen as prescribed. The prescriptions and oxygen administration for COVID-19 patients were better than for non–COVID-19 patients. A quarter of the patients possibly received oxygen therapy unnecessarily.Conclusion: Poor oxygen therapy practices were identified, including prescription errors, oxygen administration errors and oxygen wastage. A protocol should be developed and implemented for the prescription and administration of oxygen therapy. Training should occur to prevent oxygen wastage.Contribution: This study highlighted poor oxygen practices and prescriptions, as well as oxygen wastage in the absence of local oxygen therapy guidelines.
Sino-nasal T-cell lymphoma invading the brain: A case study
Authors: Reddy Srikanth , Kumar Ashish , Allugolu Rajesh , Uppin Megha , Ramgopal Keshav
Published: September 2022

Lesions occupying the anterior cranial fossa may arise de novo or are extensions from the sino-nasal areas with a handful of differentials in either group. The imaging findings, though to a large extent standardized are not full proof. Primary central nervous system lymphoma and sino-nasal lymphoma are uncommon variants of extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). We encountered a 35-year-old lady presenting with headache and seizures with a mass lesion involving the ethmoids with invasion into the anterior cranial fossa diagnosed as T-cell extranodal NHL. Gross total resection and reconstruction of the skull base were done. She was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and is doing well at 6 months follow-up. This is the first report of a sino-nasal T-cell lymphoma invading the brain-parenchyma in an immuno-competent person. Sino-nasal primary T-cell lymphoma presenting as skull base pathology should form an essential differential diagnosis along with other routine lesions of anterior cranial fossa. Since these lesions have a good response to chemo and radiotherapy, a trans-nasal biopsy may obviate the need of a craniotomy if neurosurgeons are aware of this rare entity.
Aphicidal and biochemical effects of emulsifiable concentrate and nanoemulsion of two selected essential oils against black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Scop.)
Authors: Metwally Hala M. , Ibrahim Samar S. , Sammour Elham A.
Published: September 2022

Background and objectives

Aphids are cosmopolitan pests that feed on a wide range of host plants from different botanical families. Aphids have developed resistance to several groups of synthetic insecticides. Because of their antimicrobial, antiviral, and insect-repellent properties, essential oils extracted from medicinal plants are excellent sources of various bioactive compounds. Formulation of essential oils as emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and nanoemulsion (NE) could help to enhance their bioavailability.

Materials and methods

The insecticidal activity of essential oils derived from two medicinal plants, namely, Proserpinaca palustris L. and Terminalia chebula Retz., was evaluated against black bean aphid, Aphis fabae (Scop.), under laboratory and semifield conditions. The essential oils from both plants were synthesized as EC and NE formulations to enhance their insecticidal efficacy. The stability of ECs and droplet size of NEs were assessed. The toxicity of ECs in comparison with NEs was evaluated against A. fabae adults. Moreover, the biochemical efficacy of the two essential oils on the activity of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes of A. fabae was studied.

Results and conclusion

In laboratory bioassay, both ECs and NEs of selected oils displayed significant toxicity in controlling A. fabae, with lethal concentration values (LC50) for P. palustris EC and NE being 0.59 and 0.50%, respectively. Moreover, LC50 for T. chebula EC and NE was 0.65 and 0.78%, respectively. The bulk essential oils showed less toxic activity against A. fabae adults, with LC50 of 0.68 and 1.16% for P. palustris and T. chebula bulk forms, respectively. Under semifield conditions, EC of P. palustris and T. chebula at LC90 and LC90x3 exhibited greatly lethal effects for aphid adults compared with NE formulations. Both formulations (ECs and NEs) significantly increased the reduction percent of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase enzymes of the treated aphid adults. Our results suggest that EC and NE formulations from P. palustris and T. chebula enhanced the insecticidal toxicity of the selected oils and could be used to effectively control A. fabae adults.
Frontline Nurses Caring for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Terzioğlu C , Kamişli S
Published: September 2022

Background:

Nurses were affected by this pandemic more than any other healthcare professionals because they were working on the frontline continuously.

Aims:

The current study explored how nurses who care for patients with COVID-19 assess this process which they experienced, how they coped with the process, and their psychological experiences. The study was conducted by reaching out to the nurses working at pandemic clinics using the snowball sampling method. A total of 40 nurses were interviewed using telephone. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. The data were obtained through telephonic interviews that were performed by the researcher using interview forms.

Materials and Methods:

The interview notes were analyzed using the content analysis method according to Colaizzi's phenomenological method.

Results:

As a result of the content analysis, four themes emerged with the following headings: Initial reactions, factors that made an adaptation to the period of pandemic challenging, factors that facilitated the adaptation, and what the period of pandemic taught.

Conclusions:

It is suggested for nurses that their rotation should be planned effectively, and their social support should be enhanced. They should be provided with adequate personal protective equipment and human resource planning should be improved until the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.