bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna, blood meal source, and detection of Leishmania (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) DNA in the Gurupi Biological Reserve, Eastern Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Judson Chaves , Ribeiro-da-Silva Rosa Cristina , Guimarães-e-Silva Antonia Suely , de Oliveira Maxcilene da Silva , Rodrigues Bruno Leite , Pimenta Ronayce Conceição de Jesus Serrão , Galati Eunice Aparecida Bianchi , Pinheiro Valéria Cristina Soares
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted in the Gurupi Biological Reserve (REBIO-Gurupi), the largest area of Amazon rainforest in Maranhão State, Brazil. The objectives were to survey the sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) fauna of REBIO-Gurupi, identify blood meal sources, and investigate the presence of Leishmania (Ross, 1903) (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) DNA. Individuals were collected using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps and black and white Shannon traps in May and Jun 2022 and Jan 2023. DNA was extracted from female sand flies and subjected to amplification and sequencing of cytochrome b molecular marker (CYTB) for identification of blood meal sources and the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) of ribosomal DNA for Leishmania detection. A total of 514 sand flies individuals were sampled, of which 93 were identified at the genus or series level (9 taxa) and 421 were identified at the species level (24 taxa). Psychodopygus davisi (Root, 1934) (41.1%), Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho, 1939) (10.3%), and Psychodopygus (Mangabeira, 1941) Chagasi Series Barretto, 1962 (9.7%) were the most frequently collected. Human (Homo sapiens, Primates, Hominidae) and tapir (Tapirus terrestris, Perissodactyla, Tapiridae) DNA was detected in 10 female sand flies. Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum Cunha and Chagas, 1937 DNA was detected in 2 specimens of Ps. davisi. Given the presence of vectors of Leishmania in REBIO-Gurupi, it is imperative to conduct more comprehensive studies on the interactions among sand flies, Leishmania, and pathogen reservoirs in the area.
Developing a Horizontal Risk Assessment Instrument for incidents of domestic violence victims in Greece: Understanding the landscape and risk factors as identified by the Hellenic Police
Authors: Fotou Eleni , Sebire Jacqueline , Saini Vassiliki , Spanea Efrosyni
Published: September 2024

This article describes the process of developing the Hellenic Risk Assessment Instrument reaching the pilot phase, with particular application to the police. The Risk Assessment tool is designed to assess incidents of domestic violence for recidivism and lethality. In particular, the Hellenic Risk Assessment tool is designed to be applied horizontally, across all frontline national agencies that receive reports of domestic violence and abuse (health, police, social services, specialised network of structures for victim support). First, the legal underpinnings nationally and internationally will be described, and the theoretical background and methodology for the overall project will be discussed. During the first stage of the development, data were collected from the specialised department for domestic violence in the Hellenic Police force for the period from January 2019 until July 2021. The data pertained to six overall parameters, which were selected to identify potential risk markers that might be potentially present in the Greek domestic violence incidents. These include perpetrator variables (age, gender, ethnicity), victim variables (age, gender, ethnicity), incident variables (type of violence, and prevalence). In addition, the number of cases reported before and after a domestic homicide, the number of cases at the times of major sporting events and at during the major holidays were investigated. The results were then analysed and will be presented and cross-referenced with other international findings and were used to create the preliminary version of the risk assessment tool. During the second phase of the development of the tool, focus groups were conducted with police officers who covered various departments (Anti-Racism division, Homicide division, Minors, Domestic Violence), that came into direct or indirect contact with victims of abuse, and could offer significant insight into risk factors and parameters that could potentially lead to recidivism and to lethal violence and be usefully incorporated within the tool as well as give their expert opinion as to its efficacy.
Testing a Motor Score Based on PANSS Ratings: A Proxy for Comprehensive Motor Assessment
Authors: Nadesalingam Niluja , Kyrou Alexandra , Chapellier Victoria , Maderthaner Lydia , von Känel Sofie , Wüthrich Florian , Nuoffer Melanie G , Lefebvre Stephanie , Pavlidou Anastasia , Wobrock Thomas , Gaebel Wolfgang , Cordes Joachim , Langguth Berthold , Falkai Peter , Schneider-Axmann Thomas , Strube Wolfgang , Hasan Alkomiet , Walther Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Background and Hypothesis

Abnormal psychomotor behavior is a core schizophrenia symptom. However, assessment of motor abnormalities with expert rating scales is challenging. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) includes 3 items broadly related to hypokinetic motor behavior. Here, we tested whether a sum score of the PANSS items mannerisms and posturing (G5), motor retardation (G7), and disturbance of volition (G13) corresponds to expert ratings, potentially qualifying as a proxy-marker of motor abnormalities.

Study Design

Combining baseline datasets (n = 196) of 2 clinical trials (OCoPS-P, BrAGG-SoS), we correlated PANSS motor score (PANSSmot) and 5 motor rating scales. In addition, we tested whether the cutoff set at ≥3 on each PANSS motor item, ie, “mild” on G05, G07, and G13 (in total ≥9 on PANSSmot) would differentiate the patients into groups with high vs low scores in motor scales. We further sought for replication in an independent trial (RESIS, n = 102), tested the longitudinal stability using week 3 data of OCoPS-P (n = 75), and evaluated the validity of PANSSmot with instrumental measures of physical activity (n = 113).

Study Results

PANSSmot correlated with all motor scales (Spearman-Rho-range 0.19–0.52, all P ≤ .007). Furthermore, the cutoff set at ≥3 on each PANSS motor item was able to distinguish patients with high vs low motor scores in all motor scales except using Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (Mann-Whitney-U-Tests: all U ≥ 580, P ≤ .017).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that PANSSmot could be a proxy measure for hypokinetic motor abnormalities. This might help to combine large datasets from clinical trials to explore whether some interventions may hold promise to alleviate hypokinetic motor abnormalities in psychosis.
Comparison of Surgical and Conservative Treatments for Gartland Type II Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: Evaluation of the Need for Surgical Treatment
Authors: Güneş Zirvecan , Beydemir Ataberk , Mergen Esra Kutsal , Demirkiran Halil Gökhan , Yilmaz Güney , Aksoy Mehmet Cemalettin , Tokgözoğlu Ahmet Mazhar , Yazici Muharrem , Kamaci Saygin
Published: September 2024

Background:

Supracondylar humerus fractures (SHFs) are common pediatric injuries, with type II fractures being a topic of debate regarding optimal treatment. Our goals are to compare the functional and radiographic outcomes of conservative and surgical treatment of type II SHFs and their subgroups and to identify parameters for determining the optimal treatment option.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed a total of 55 patients (23 conservative, 32 surgical) between 2010 and 2020. The mean follow-up was 66 months. Neurovascular status, range of motion, complications, and functional scores (Mayo elbow, Quick DASH) were evaluated. We performed radiographic assessment on initial, postreduction, and final follow-up radiographs using the humerocondylar angle (HCA), Baumann angle, and anterior humeral line (AHL).

Results:

Neither groups nor subgroups showed significant differences in clinical and functional outcomes. HCA was significantly higher in the operative group than in the conservative group. The subgroup analysis revealed that the HCA difference resulted from the difference between the conservative IIb and operative IIb subgroups. None of the patients required a corrective osteotomy, but 1 patient initially treated conservatively underwent operative treatment due to loss of reduction.

Conclusions:

Reconstructing the sagittal, coronal, and rotational alignment in type II SHFs led to good mid-term results in the range of motion and functional scores for the elbow joint, whether conservative or surgical treatment was used. A limited range of remodeling might be expected in the long term.

Level of Evidence:

Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Severe Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Associated With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Use in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Miao Vera Y. , Wijaya Marlene , Fischer Gayle , Saunderson Rebecca B.
Published: September 2024

Objective

We present a case series of severe vulvovaginal candidiasis in postmenopausal women using sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) medications for the management of their diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods

Twenty-four cases from a private vulvovaginal specialist clinic are described.

Results

All 24 patients were referred with severe and persistent vulvar pruritus, pain, and erythema. Examination findings varied between patients and included erythema, edema, erosions, adherent white discharge, and fissuring, which were extensive and often involved the mons pubis, labia majora, and extended to the perineum and perianal region, mimicking psoriasis and/or irritant dermatitis. The clinical presentation in this postmenopausal group hindered a timely diagnosis, resulting in a delay in appropriate management. Fortunately, all patients improved on oral antifungal treatment, and in those that ceased their SGLT2i medication, there was resolution of the condition.

Conclusions

While candidiasis is reported to occur with SGLT2i, severe genital mycotic infections are not yet a well-recognized adverse effect and may be missed. The presentation in these cases was persistent and severe. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion in postmenopausal women presenting with vulvar pain, pruritus, and extensive erythema that mimics psoriasis or irritant dermatitis, if they are on SGLT2i therapy.
Cardiometabolic risk factors in women: what's sauce for the goose is not sauce for the gander
Authors: Loh Wann Jia , Watts Gerald F.
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review

The aim of this review was to discuss cardiometabolic risk factors that affect women.

Recent findings

Recent calls to action to address cardiometabolic risk factors specific to women relate to increasing evidence of sex-specific differences in patient-related, drug-related, and socio-demographic factors leading to sub-optimal care of women.

Certain aspects of common modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and diabetes) affect female individuals more adversely. Additionally, there are risk factors or enhancers that particularly affect cardiometabolic health in women [e.g. premature menopause, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), familial partial lipodystrophy, socio-cultural factors]. Understanding these risk factors may provide insight on how to improve cardiometabolic outcomes in women.
Reducing financial toxicity in bladder cancer care
Authors: Kurnot Jeremy A. , Kaye Deborah R.
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review

Financial toxicity is a significant concern for many individuals with bladder cancer, which is, overall, the most expensive malignancy, per patient. Financial toxicity, defined as the harmful effects of treatment costs on an individual's quality of life, is associated with worse outcomes and decreased quality of life. Awareness of the objective and subjective factors that contribute to financial toxicity, and ways to mitigate their effects on patients, is essential to reduce the burden of bladder cancer care. This commentary aims to discuss the elements contributing to financial toxicity amongst bladder cancer patients, identify at-risk populations, and review current and potential strategies for mitigating financial burden.

Recent findings

Bladder cancer is becoming more expensive as the use of novel therapies increases. Early data suggest how some of these novel treatments or changes in treatment delivery may impact costs. Potential innovative strategies for cost reduction include blue light cystoscopy, intravesical gemcitabine-docetaxel rather than BCG for high-risk nonmuscle-invasive patients, home BCG therapy, and surveillance guideline optimization. However, there is still much work to be done on the potential impacts of these treatment on financial toxicity. While there is a paucity of data on treatment changes to reduce financial toxicity, and cost data can be hard to access, clinicians can still reduce the financial burden of cancer care. Awareness, financial toxicity screening, cost communication, and/or early referral to financial navigators or other similar resources have the potential to reduce financial burden. Despite mounting evidence, these tools/techniques are largely underutilized.

Many individuals with bladder cancer face significant financial toxicity, with the potential for this to worsen in the setting of rising treatment costs. Novel diagnostic and treatment modifications may reduce financial toxicity. However, awareness, screening, cost discussions, and utilization of financial navigators are tools/techniques that are currently available and should be used to reduce financial burden.
Identification of proteins’ expression pathway and the effective miRNAs for the treatment of human papillomavirus-induced cervical cancer: in-silico analyses-experimental research
Authors: Monemi Marzieh , Garrosi Lida , Mirzaei Samira , Farhadi Bahar , Ataee Disfani Reza , Zabihi Mohammad Reza , Akhoondian Mohammad , Ghorbani Vajargah Pooyan , Khorshid Alireza , Karkhah Samad
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women. The risk factors for cervical cancer include human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, age, smoking, number of pregnancies, use of oral contraceptives, and diet. However, long-term HPV infection appears to be the main risk factor for developing cervical cancer. This in-silico analysis aims to identify the expression network of proteins and the miRNAs that play a role in the development of HPV-induced cervical cancer.

Methods:

The critical proteins and miRNAs were extracted using the DisGeNET and miRBase databases. String and Gephi were applied to the network analysis. The GTEx web tool was utilized to Identify tissue expression levels. The Enrichr website was used to explore the molecular function and pathways of found genes.

Results:

Ten proteins, TP53, MYC, AKT1, TNF, IL6, EGFR, STAT3, CTNNB1, ESR1, and JUN, were identified as the most critical shared gene network among cervical cancer and HPV. Seven miRNAs were found, including hsa-mir-146a, hsa-mir-27, hsa-mir-203, hsa-mir-126, hsa-mir-145, hsa-mir-944, and hsa-mir-93, which have a common expression in cervical cancer and HPV.

Conclusion:

Overall, the gene network, including TP53, MYC, AKT1, TNF, IL6, EGFR, STAT3, CTNNB1, ESR1, and JUN, and Also, hsa-mir-145, hsa-mir-93, hsa-mir-203, and hsa-mir-126 can be regarded as a gene expression pathway in HPV-induced cervical cancer.
Quality and Readability Analysis of Turbinoplasty on the Web
Authors: Davis William Taylor , DeShazo Sterling , Rossi Nicholas , Pine Harold
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to assess the quality, credibility, and readability of online health information concerning turbinoplasty, given the increasing reliance on internet resources for health education. Using four search terms related to turbinoplasty, we analyzed 71 text-based webpages from Google.com, Bing.com, and Yahoo.com. Readability was evaluated using the Flesch-Kincaid grade level, Gunning-Fog Index, SMOG Index, and Coleman-Liau Index were utilized. Web page quality was computed through the DISCERN Instrument (DISCERN), the Journal of the American Medical Association benchmark criteria (JAMA), Novel Turbinoplasty Index (NTI), and presence of code certification by Health on The Net (HON). Seventy-one text-based web pages were assessed. Information quality was measured by an average DISCERN score of 47.4±7.40, indicating “fair” quality. The average readability was a grade level of 9.7±1.57, notably higher than AMA and NIH recommendations. Of all web pages, only 11 (15.49%) proficiently met all 4 listed JAMA criteria. Significant correlations between web page classification and average DISCERN (P=0.0042), as well as JAMA score (P<0.001) were discovered. The web pages that had HON code certification revealed significantly higher quality metrics such as DISCERN scores (P<0.001), JAMA scores (P<0.001), and NTI scores (P=0.038). Online health information for turbinoplasty is of “fair” quality, and the average readability is several grade levels above current AMA and NIH recommendations. Health care providers should aim to guide their patients on finding appropriate educational resources and should improve the readability of their patient education materials.
Pharyngeal Arches, Chapter 2: Ear and Neck Abnormalities
Authors: Junn Alexandra , Zhang Athena , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Barrera Maria C. , Episalla Nicole C. , Sentosa Jason , Oh Albert K. , Boyajian Michael J. , Rogers Gary F.
Published: September 2024

The pharyngeal arches are the foundation of face and neck development. Impaired development of these embryologic structures can result in craniofacial abnormalities. Surgeons who manage head and neck pathology will invariably encounter conditions associated with aberrant pharyngeal arch anatomy, and a thorough understanding of the normal development of these structures is paramount to accurate diagnosis and treatment. This manuscript is the second of a four-part series written for plastic surgeons, focusing on the abnormal development of pharyngeal arches leading to pathologic ear and neck anomalies seen in clinical practice.
Microbial Primer: Phase variation - survival and adaptability by generation of a diverse population
Authors: Fraser Ashley J. , McMahon Finn E. , Atack John M.
Published: September 2024

Phase variation is defined as the rapid and reversible switching of gene expression, and typically occurs in genes encoding surface features in small genome bacterial pathogens. Phase variation has evolved to provide an extra survival mechanism in bacteria that lack multiple ‘sense-and-respond’ gene regulation systems. Many bacterial pathogens also encode DNA methyltransferases that are phase-variable, controlling systems called ‘phasevarions’ (phase-variable regulons). This primer will summarize the current understanding of phase variation, describing the role of major phase-variable factors, and phasevarions, in bacterial pathobiology.
Weakly Supervised Vector Quantization for Whole Slide Image Classification
Authors: Shen Dawei , Zhang Yao-zhong , Imoto Seiya
Published: September 2024

Whole Slide Images (WSIs) are gigapixel, high-resolution digital scans of microscope slides, providing detailed tissue profiles for pathological analysis. Due to their gigapixel size and lack of detailed annotations, Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) becomes the primary technique for WSI analysis. However, current MIL methods for WSIs directly use embeddings extracted by a pretrained vision encoder, which are not task-specific and often exhibit high variability. To address this, we introduce a novel method, VQ-MIL, which maps the embeddings to a discrete space using weakly supervised vector quantization to refine the embeddings and reduce the variability. Additionally, the discrete embeddings from our methods provides clearer visualizations compared to other methods. Our experiments show that VQ-MIL achieves state-of-the-art classification results on two benchmark datasets. The source code is available athttps://github.com/aCoalBall/VQMIL.
Importance of powder diffraction raw data archival in a curated database for materials science applications
Authors: Kabekkodu Soorya , Blanton Thomas
Published: September 2024

In recent years, there is a significant interest from the crystallographic and materials science communities to have access to raw diffraction data. The effort in archiving raw data for access by the user community is spearheaded by the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) Committee on Data. In materials science, where powder diffraction is extensively used, the challenge in archiving raw data is different to that from single crystal data, owing to the very nature of the contributions involved. Powder diffraction (X-ray or neutron) data consist of contributions from the material under study as well as instrument specific parameters. Having raw powder diffraction data can be essential in cases of analysing materials with poor crystallinity, disorder, micro structure (size/strain) etc. Here, the initiative and progress made by the International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDDR) in archiving powder X-ray diffraction raw data in the Powder Diffraction FileTM (PDFR) database is outlined. The upcoming 2025 release of the PDF-5+ database will have more than 20 800 raw powder diffraction patterns that are available for reference.
Exploring apprentice selection by skilled trade artisans in the Ghanaian construction industry
Authors: Kotey Samuel , T. Shanmugapriya
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the factors influencing trade artisans’ choice of skills selection as apprentice’s trainee in the Ghanaian construction sector and to identify and address the challenges associated with traditional apprenticeship. Trade artisans with technical know-how in construction and general workplace skills from the traditional apprenticeship training (TAT) in the area of construction were selected from selected sites and training centers.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper adopted the purposive sampling technique with the aim of gathering knowledge from individuals with expertise in the research area, particularly trade craftsmen who have been trained through the TAT system and are directly involved in construction-related works. Partial least square structure equation modelling (PLS-SEM) analytical approach and principal component analysis were used to reduce the dimensionality of the data set and preserve as much information as possible.

Findings

Three major components, namely, personal and social interest, job assessment and stability and family and faith were identified as the variables that influence an artisan's choice of a skill trade. These influenced the choice of apprenticeship training by young trainees in choosing apprenticeship as a mode of training. Personal interest, living situation of artisans and parents’ educational attainment are the most influencing factors that determine artisans’ choice of selected trades. Moreover, the study also shed light on the challenges inherent in traditional apprenticeship systems, such as the lack of formal technical education, limited access to modern technology and information and poor working conditions.

Practical implications

The study underscores the imperative for stakeholders to enhance apprenticeship programmes within the construction sector. This involves providing more stable job opportunities, improving working conditions and offering access to modern technology and information. Such enhancements not only attract more young individuals to apprenticeship training but also ensure the sustainability and relevance of the workforce in meeting industry demands.

Originality/value

The study finally developed a model that could be used as a foundation for future PLS-SEM evaluation and identified the factors that influence the selection of apprenticeship training by trade artisans.
Dynamics of knowledge creation and use for disaster management in Chokwe district, Mozambique
Authors: Jonas Maria Da Graça Benedito , Artur Luis , Eriksen Siri Ellen Hallstrøm , Movik Synne
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Disaster management practices depend on societies' knowledge. As climate change rapidly reshapes knowledge, questions arise about how knowledge for disaster management is produced and (re)shaped in modern world and how effective it is to withstand the ever-growing frequency and magnitude of disasters. This paper discusses the dynamics of knowledge creation and its use for disaster management in Chokwe district, southern Mozambique.

Design/methodology/approach

The study reviews historical archives to identify how disaster management knowledge has changed from pre-colonization to the present.

Findings

Before colonization, local knowledge associated with traditions of asking gods and ancestors for rain and blessings in life prevailed. With colonization, around the 1500s, Portuguese rulers attempted to eliminate these local practices through an inflow of European settlers who disseminated scientific knowledge, built dams and irrigation schemes, which changed the region’s knowledge base and regimes of flooding and drought. After independence in 1975, the new government nationalized all the private property, expelled the settlers and imposed a socialist order. All knowledge on disaster management was dictated by the new government; those against this new order were sent to re-education centers implanted nationwide. Centralization of knowledge and power was, therefore, implanted. Socialism collapsed by the 1990s, and over time, there has been an amalgam of different knowledge bases and attempts to recognize local disaster management practices.

Originality/value

The Chokwe case shows that knowledge for disaster management evolves with local socioeconomic, political and environmental changes.
The mediating role of green perceived organizational support in the relationship between green transformational leadership and green self-efficacy
Authors: Özgül Burcu , Demir İlknur
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to reveal whether green perceived organizational support has a mediating role in the relationship between managers’ green transformational leadership and the green self-efficacy beliefs of employees.

Design/methodology/approach

The textile industry is a sector with fast and cheap production and is the second most damaging sector to the environment due to excessive consumption and rapidly changing fashion trends. Hence, textile industry employees were selected as the research object. The data were collected by survey method from 274 people working in businesses operating in the textile sector in Türkiye. The collected data were analyzed in the SmartPLS 4 analysis program.

Findings

The analysis found that managers’ green transformational leadership increases employees’ green self-efficacy beliefs. Likewise, it was determined that managers’ green transformational leadership increases employees’ green perceived organizational support. The analysis also indicated that employees’ green perceived organizational support increases employees’ green self-efficacy beliefs. Finally, as a result of the analysis, it was concluded that green perceived organizational support is a complementary partial mediator variable in the relationship between managers’ green transformational leadership and employees’ green self-efficacy beliefs.

Originality/value

The available literature has overlooked the mediating role of green perceived organizational support in the relationship between managers’ green transformational leadership and the green self-efficacy beliefs of employees. This work makes new contributions to the literature and practice by revealing the significance of managers’ green transformational leadership and green perceived organizational support in increasing employees’ green self-efficacy beliefs.
Treatment ‘cultures’, sexually transmitted infections and the rise of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Chandra Shiva , Broom Alex , Ridge Damien , Peterie Michelle , Lafferty Lise , Broom Jennifer , Kenny Katherine , Treloar Carla , Applegate Tanya
Published: September 2024

In this article, we examine the current management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), in the context of rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR), through the lens of ‘treatment cultures’. Prevailing treatment cultures—including the prominence of syndromic care for STIs—foster certain possibilities and foreclose others, with important consequences for countering AMR. Drawing on qualitative interviews with STI professionals, experts and industry representatives, we unpack these stakeholders’ accounts of STI treatment cultures, drawing out the importance of socio‐historical (i.e. taboo and stigma), political–economic (i.e. perceptions of significance, profit‐making and prioritisation) and subjective (i.e. patient contexts and reflexivity) dimensions therein. In developing this critical account of how treatment cultures are formed, reproduced and indeed resisted, we reveal how such discourses and practices render the reining in of AMR and shifting antibiotic use difficult, and yet, how productive engagement remains key to any proposed solutions. As such, the article contributes to our understanding of AMR as a highly diversified field, through our exploration of the bio‐social dimensions of resistance as they relate to the case of STIs.
Thinking Legally about Remedy in Judicial Review: R (on the application of Imam) v London Borough of Croydon
Authors: Lawton Lia
Published: September 2024

In R (on the application of Imam) v London Borough of Croydon, the Supreme Court considered the relevance of a local authority's resources on the curial discretion as to remedy in judicial review. This question was addressed in the context of a breach of the authority's duty under section 193(2) of the Housing Act 1996 to secure suitable accommodation for a person with priority need who is not intentionally homeless. Not only is the case a rare example of the Supreme Court examining remedial discretion and mandatory orders at length, but it also signals the importance of legal reasoning about remedy in judicial review. Remedies form the space where courts often determine what effect, if any, unlawfulness may have. This case note presents an analysis of the Supreme Court's reasoning, drawing attention to its implications for certain received views concerning the legal effect of mandatory and quashing orders, and the pragmatic character of its analysis of the relevance of resources.
Defensive behaviors and c‐fos expression in the midbrain
Authors: YAVAS Ersin , FANSELOW Michael S.
Published: September 2024

Pavlovian fear conditioning serves as a valuable method for investigating species‐specific defensive reactions (SSDRs) such as freezing and flight responses. The present study examines the role of white noise under different experimental conditions. Given that white noise has been shown to elicit both conditional (associative) and unconditional (nonassociative) defensive responses, we compared the response to noise following three separate training conditions: shock‐only, white noise paired with shock, and context‐only. Results showed that baseline freezing level significantly changed across groups: Both the shock‐only group and the white noise paired with shock group froze more than the context‐only group on the test day. White noise evoked differential freezing between groups on day 2: The shock‐only group froze more than the context‐only group although both groups were never exposed to white noise during training. Further, an activity burst triggered by white noise was similar for the shock‐only and white noise paired with shock groups during testing, although shock‐only group was never exposed to white noise stimuli during training. This aligned with c‐fos data, indicating similar c‐fos activity levels across different periaqueductal gray (PAG) regions for both shock‐only and white noise paired with shock groups. However, the driving force behind c‐fos activation—whether freezing, activity burst, or a combination of both—remains uncertain, warranting further analysis to explore specific correlations between SSDRs and c‐fos activity within the PAG and related brain areas.
Information asymmetry, policy shocks, and international equity investment: Evidence from the anti‐corruption campaign in China
Authors: Bian Wenlong , Chen Yun , Han Minghui , Zhang Hao
Published: September 2024

Information plays a critical role in financial transactions and markets, especially in international investment where foreign investors are at an informational disadvantage relative to domestic investors. Prior studies show a positive reaction of the Chinese capital market to China's anti‐corruption campaign, which is also consistent with improved performance of Chinese listed firms following the campaign. We document a contrasting reaction of less‐informed foreign investors. Exploiting staggered anti‐corruption investigations across provinces as plausibly exogenous shocks, we find that foreign institutional investors increase their equity investments in Chinese listed firms headquartered in affected provinces following the anti‐corruption campaign; foreign individual investors, by contrast, reduce their equity investments after the campaign, which is driven by those with non‐Chinese ethnicity. Further analyses show that the increased equity investments of foreign investors stem primarily from those residing in jurisdictions sharing a similar cultural tradition with China. Our study has significant implications for foreign investors in the context of the increasingly intense relationship between China and the West.
Cost misperception and voting for public goods
Authors: Lang Corey , Wichman Casey J. , Weir Michael J. , Pearson‐Merkowitz Shanna
Published: September 2024

Public good provision is often determined through referendums by voters, who weigh benefits against costs. However, perceptions of benefits and costs may be incorrect, which could in turn lead to voter error and misallocation of public goods. Using real‐world referendums, we evaluate voter perceptions of the private costs of providing public goods by conducting three exit polls of New England voters and an online survey of California voters. By comparing cost perceptions to actual tax incidence, we find pervasive evidence that voters misperceive costs. Fewer than 20% of voters in our samples reported perceived costs within 25% of estimated actual costs. These findings are unsurprising given the ubiquity of opaque language explaining the financial consequences of public good referendums. In addition, our analysis suggests that actual costs have no statistical bearing on voter choice, but at least in the New England sample, voter approval is affected by perceived costs. Thus, a substantial proportion of voters are making decisions based in part on inaccurate costs, which in some cases lead to people voting against their preferences and potential misallocation of public funds. Further, researchers who match voter approval with estimated actual cost are unlikely to obtain accurate cost responsiveness or valuation estimates.
Using behavioural network mapping to investigate dyadic play in girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Beltz Adriene M. , Portengen Christel M. , Berenbaum Sheri A.
Published: September 2024

Examining mechanisms underlying sex differences in children's play styles, we studied girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) who provide a test of the relative effects of prenatal androgens versus rearing, and of behavioural similarity versus gender identity and cognitions. In this exploratory study, 40 focal children (girls and boys with and without CAH), aged 3–8 years, played for 14 min with a same‐sex peer in a task designed to elicit rough‐and‐tumble play. Time‐indexed ratings of positive affect and vigour of activity were evaluated via network mapping for sex‐related differences in both levels and play dynamics (temporal relations among behaviours). Results suggest influences of both gender identity‐aligned social cognitions and prenatal androgens: there was greater dyadic synchrony between positive affect for girls (regardless of CAH status) than boys, but girls with CAH displayed positive affect levels and directed vigorous peer play dynamics similar to boys.
Discovery of natural product derivative triptolidiol as a direct NLRP3 inhibitor by reducing K63‐specific ubiquitination
Authors: Ding Mo‐Yu , Ning Chengqing , Chen Shao‐Ru , Yin Hao‐Ran , Xu Jing , Wang Ying
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose

NLRP3 is up‐regulated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The development of NLRP3 inhibitors is challenged by the identification of compounds with distinct mechanisms of action avoiding side effects and toxicity. Triptolide is a natural product with multiple anti‐inflammatory activities, but a narrow therapeutic window.

Experimental Approach

Natural product triptolide derivatives were screened for NLRP3 inhibitors in human THP‐1 and mouse bone marrow‐derived macrophages. The efficacy of potent NLRP3 inhibitors was evaluated in LPS‐induced acute lung injury and septic shock models.

Key Results

Triptolidiol was identified as a selective inhibitor of NLRP3 with high potency. Triptolidiol inactivated the NLRP3 inflammasome in human THP‐1 and mouse primary macrophages primed with LPS. Triptolidiol specifically inhibited pro‐caspase 1 cleavage downstream of NLRP3, but not AIM2 or NLRC4 inflammasomes. Based on the structure–activity relationship study, the C8‐β‐OH group was critical for its binding to NLRP3. Triptolidiol exhibited a submicromolar KD for NLRP3, binding to residue C280. This binding prevented the interaction of NLRP3 with NEK7, the key regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome oligomerization and assembly, but not with the inflammasome adaptor protein ASC. Triptolidiol decreased the K63‐specific ubiquitination of NLRP3, leading NLRP3 to a “closed” inactive conformation. Intraperitoneal administration of triptolidiol significantly attenuated LPS‐induced acute lung injury and lethal septic shock.

Conclusion and Implications

Triptolidiol is a novel NLRP3 inhibitor that regulates inflammasome assembly and activation by decreasing K63‐linked ubiquitination. Triptolidiol has novel structural features that make it distinct from reported NLRP3 inhibitors and represents a viable therapeutic lead for inflammatory diseases.
Heedful proactivity: How individual tactical considerations contribute to pre‐screening of innovative ideas in the hierarchy
Authors: Boe‐Lillegraven Siri , Kong Fanshuang , Song Lynda Jiwen
Published: September 2024

Purposefully fostering creativity and innovation through stimulating proactivity requires grappling with an apparent trade‐off. On the one hand, organization members need some autonomy to initiate change. On the other hand, managers might want to steer initiatives and retain control over outcomes. The current paper advances recent work on how proactivity is enacted as a compromise between autonomy and control by studying the process through which bottom‐up ideas are shared in highly hierarchical organizations. Based on an abductive analysis of data from informants in 42 organizations, we develop the concept of pre‐screening, which denotes collective action patterns geared towards qualifying individuals' innovative ideas before they are made subject to formal decision making. We explain how proactive individuals' tactical considerations—informed by their holistic prospective thinking, risk hedging, temporal splitting, and a both/and approach to proactivity and hierarchy—influence the actions through which ideas are shared and who are approached first (e.g., supervisors vs. peers). We also exemplify how action patterns accomplishing idea sharing and pre‐screening are entangled with more mundane workplace routines. Overall, the paper sheds new light on ideas' journeys in the context of hierarchy and opens up multiple avenues for future research.
Oncolytic herpes simplex virus propagates tertiary lymphoid structure formation via CXCL10/CXCR3 to boost antitumor immunity
Authors: Zhang Meng‐Jie , Lin Wen‐Ping , Wang Qing , Wang Shuo , Song An , Wang Yuan‐Yuan , Li Hao , Sun Zhi‐Jun
Published: September 2024

Inducing tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) formation can fuel antitumor immunity. It is necessary to create mouse models containing TLS to explore strategies of TLS formation. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus‐1 (oHSV) exhibited intense effects in preclinical and clinical trials. However, the role of oHSV in TLS formation remains to be elucidated. Here, we observed the presence of TLS in 4MOSC1 and MC38 subcutaneous tumour models. Interestingly, oHSV evoked TLS formation, and increased infiltration of B cells and stem‐like TCF1+CD8+ T cells proliferation. Mechanistically, oHSV increased the expression of TLS‐related chemokines, along with upregulated CXCL10/CXCR3 to facilitate TLS formation. Notably, CXCL10 and CXCR3 were favourable prognostic factors for cancer patients, and closely related with immune cells infiltration. Inhibiting CXCL10/CXCR3 reduced TCF1+CD8+ T cells and granzyme B expression, and impaired oHSV‐mediated TLS formation. Furthermore, oHSV‐mediated TLS formation revealed superior response and survival rate when combined with αPD‐1 treatment. Collectively, these findings indicate that oHSV recruits stem‐like TCF1+CD8+ T cells through CXCL10/CXCR3 pathway to propagate TLS formation, and warrants future antitumor immunity development.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection vs. endoscopic mucosal resection in the treatment of early Barrett's neoplasia: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gallegos Megui Marilia Mansilla , Gomes Igor Logetto Caetité , Brunaldi Vitor Ottoboni , Bestetti Alexandre Moraes , Marques Sergio Barbosa , Miyajima Nelson Tomio , Filho Hiram Menezes Nascimento , da Silva Pedro Henrique Veras Ayres , Kum Angelo So Taa , Bernardo Wanderley Marques , de Moura Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Endoscopic resection is the preferred approach to treat early Barrett's neoplasia, reducing the need for surgical interventions. However, the best choice between endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remains unclear. The study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of EMR vs. ESD for early Barrett's neoplasia.

Methods

An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Central Cochrane, EMBASE, and LILACS until November 2023. Studies comparing ESD vs. EMR in the treatment of patients with early Barrett's neoplasia were included. This study was performed according to the Preferred Report Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. The ROBIN‐I tool was used to analyze the risk of bias and GRADE to measure the quality of the evidence.

Results

A total of 9352 patients from 15 observational studies were included. Patients undergoing ESD had significantly higher rates of en‐bloc (odds ratio [OR] 25.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] 13.82, 48.74; I2 = 52%; P < 0.00001) and R0 (OR 5.10, 95% CI 3.29, 7.91; I2 = 73%; P < 0.00001) with a higher risk of adverse events, including bleeding, stricture formation, and perforation. In a subgroup analysis of patients who did not receive radiofrequency ablation, ESD had a lower recurrence rate than EMR (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05, 0.94; I2 = 88%; P = 0.04).

Conclusion

Endoscopic submucosal dissection is more effective than EMR in treating early Barrett's neoplasia at the expense of higher adverse events rates.
Lariat hooking method as an easy and quick preparation of clip‐and‐thread technique for endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Ono Satoshi , Tanaka Chinari , Fukagawa Kazushi
Published: September 2024

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Double‐chambered left ventricle misdiagnosed as ventricular septal defect
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Min , Abulimiti Kadeyanmu , Guan Li‐Na , Xing Yan , Huo Qiang
Published: September 2024

A 35‐year‐old woman was initially misdiagnosed with a muscular ventricular septal defect but was later correctly diagnosed with a double‐chambered left ventricle following evaluation by echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography.
Pharyngo‐oesophageal fistula as a consequence of nasogastric tube placement
Authors: Bañuelos‐Arteagoitia Naroa , Valli Corrado , Pereyra Santiago Andres , de Rijck Mieke
Published: September 2024

Complications associated with nasogastric tube placement are infrequent and usually not severe. This article details a case of a pharyngo‐oesophageal fistula in a 6‐year‐old Arabian racing gelding initially presenting with recurrent oesophageal obstruction and dysphagia 5 months after recovering from a medically treated colic. Initially, a suspected diverticulum was diagnosed using a combination of endoscopic examinations and barium‐contrast radiography. Its occurrence was believed to be secondary to a pharyngeal abscess occurring as a consequence of repeated or long‐term nasogastric tube placement during the previous treatment for colic. Continuing, and unresolvable, oesophageal obstruction and dysphagia resulted in the gelding being euthanised. Post‐mortem examination revealed the presence of a pharyngo‐oesophageal fistula.
The Cultivation of Transnational Cultural Capital in Childhood: Experiences of Chinese Global Multiple Migrants
Authors: Choi Susanne Y. P. , Cai Xiaomin , Pei Yu , Chen Lingxi
Published: September 2024

This study shows how class advantage is transferred to the next generation through parental strategies that cultivate their children's transnational cultural capital from an early age. It combines the concepts of cultural capital and concerted cultivation and adopts a novel methodology, examining parental aspirations (PAs) and strategies from the perspective of the children. The data are derived from the life stories of Chinese global multiple migrants. The article shows that the cultivation of transnational cultural capital amongst elite and middle‐class families in China is linked to traditional, neoliberal and non‐materialistic PAs. It reveals how parental capital is related to their aspirations and shapes their use of six cultivation strategies. It also discusses the contradictions, dilemmas and disagreements relating to concerted cultivation; examines children's agency and places the findings within global and national contexts. The results provide insights into culturally specific class mechanisms of intergenerational reproduction of privilege in an era of globalization.
Determination of body composition by dual x‐ray absorptiometry in persons with haemophilia
Authors: Ransmann Pia , Brühl Marius , Hmida Jamil , Goldmann Georg , Oldenburg Johannes , Strauss Anna Christina , Hagedorn Thorsten , Schildberg Frank Alexander , Hilberg Thomas , Strauss Andreas Christian
Published: September 2024

Background

There is limited research on body composition in persons with haemophilia (PwH). The literature describes an increased body fat distribution and decreased lean mass in PwH compared to healthy controls using bioimpedance analysis. Using dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is known to be the most accurate method, this investigation aims to postulate reference data for body composition parameters within haemophilia severity phenotypes and age groups.

Methods

Persons underwent whole body DXA screening using Horizon. Body fat percentage, estimated visceral adipose tissue (VAT), appendicular fat and lean mass, and lean and fat mass in relation to body height were assessed. Haemophilia severity and five age groups were distinguished.

Results

Two hundred and one persons with mild (n = 44), moderate (n = 41), or severe (n = 116) haemophilia A/B (median age 40 [28–55; 1.IQ–3.IQ] years) were analysed. The median body fat percentage was 28.7% [25.5%–33.9%] and median estimated VAT was 657 g [403–954 g] with no significant difference between severity phenotypes (p = .474; p = .781). Persons with severe haemophilia had less lean mass compared to moderate and mild haemophilia (p = .013; p = .034). Total and appendicular fat is increased in older PwH (aged ≥40 years) compared to younger PwH (aged ≤29 years; p < .05). Lean mass did not differ between age groups.

Conclusion

This study provides valuable reference data for body composition parameters in PwH. Persons with severe haemophilia show significantly less lean mass compared to persons with moderate or mild haemophilia. Body fat percentage and VAT did not differ between severity phenotypes, but increased with age.