bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory fitness is a stronger indicator of cardiometabolic risk factors and risk prediction than self-reported physical activity levels
Authors: Gray Benjamin J , Stephens Jeffrey W , Williams Sally P , Davies Christine A , Turner Daniel , Bracken Richard M ,   on behalf of the Prosiect Sir Gâr Group
Published: September 2015

This study investigated the relationships of self-reported physical activity levels and cardiorespiratory fitness in 81 males to assess which measurement is the greatest indicator of cardiometabolic risk. Physical activity levels were determined by the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire tool and cardiorespiratory fitness assessed using the Chester Step Test. Cardiovascular disease risk was estimated using the QRISK2, Framingham Lipids, Framingham body mass index and Joint British Societies’ Guidelines-2 equations, and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk calculated using QDiabetes, Leicester Risk Assessment, Finnish Diabetes Risk Score and Cambridge Risk Score models. Categorising employees by cardiorespiratory fitness categories (‘Excellent/Good’ vs ‘Average/Below Average’) identified more differences in cardiometabolic risk factor (body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein ratio, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c) scores than physical activity (waist circumference only). Cardiorespiratory fitness levels also demonstrated differences in all four type 2 diabetes mellitus risk prediction models and both the QRISK2 and Joint British Societies’ Guidelines-2 cardiovascular disease equations. Furthermore, significant negative correlations ( p < 0.001) were observed between individual cardiorespiratory fitness values and estimated risk in all prediction models. In conclusion, from this preliminary observational study, cardiorespiratory fitness levels reveal a greater number of associations with markers of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to physical activity determined by the General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire tool.
Uncovering patterns among latent variables: human rights and de facto judicial independence
Authors: Crabtree Charles D , Fariss Christopher J
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we reexamine the relationship between judicial independence and state respect for human rights by taking advantage of new latent measures of both constructs. In our analysis, we demonstrate a simple method for incorporating the uncertainty of these latent variables. Our results provide strong support for theoretical and empirical claims that independent courts constrain human rights abuses. Although we show that independent courts influence state behavior, the strength of the estimated relationship depends upon whether and to what degree empirical models account for uncertainty in the measurement of the latent variables.
Are Fluoroquinolones Appropriate for the Treatment of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli?
Authors: Wiener Emily S. , Heil Emily L. , Hynicka Lauren M. , Johnson J. Kristie
Published: September 2015

Objective: To review the data analyzing the role of fluoroquinolones in the treatment of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing infections and rates and methods of co-transmission of resistance. Data Sources: A MEDLINE literature search was performed using the search terms extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, plasmid transmission, and resistance from 1996 to June 2015. Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language retrospective studies, prospective studies, and meta-analyses assessing efficacy of fluoroquinolone use in ESBL infections, assessing methods of resistance transmission, or analyzing patient risk factors were reviewed. Data Synthesis: A total of 18 studies that analyzed fluoroquinolone resistance and association to ESBL producing bacteria from either molecular or clinical perspectives were idenitifed. Four studies evaluated the genetic association between ESBL transmission and fluoroquinolone resistance. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance was found in higher rates in ESBL-producing bacteria. Numerous studies analyzed the risk factors of co-occurring resistance identifying nosocomial acquired infections, recent hospitalization, long-term care facility residence, and intensive care unit stay as the most common. Conclusive clinical data are lacking; however, a meta-analysis showed fluoroquinolones had higher odds of all-cause mortality when used empirically to treat ESBL bacteremia compared with carbapenems. Conclusions: Fluoroquinolone resistance may be co-transmitted in ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. There are limited data on the efficacy for fluoroquinolones in the treatment of ESBL-producing infections. Additional prospective trials are needed to definitively determine the role of fluoroquinolones in ESBL infections.
Topiramate-Related Hyperammonemia
Authors: Moore Kelly , Dixit Deepali , Wagner Mary
Published: September 2015

Objective: To report a case of hyperammonemia associated with the interaction between topiramate and valproic acid. Case Summary: We present a patient case with topiramate-related hyperammonemia. The patient was on topiramate prior to admission and presented with an elevated ammonia level following 2 doses of valproic acid. The increased dosing frequency of valproic acid further exacerbated the hyperammonemia. On discontinuation of topiramate and the tapering of the dose of valproic acid the patient’s ammonia level returned to normal. Discussion: Valproic acid–induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy is well documented and there are several proposed mechanisms. The interaction between valproic acid and topiramate causing drug-induced hyperammonemia encephalopathy is documented in several case reports. The interaction is associated with the addition of topiramate to a patient’s medication regimen that previously included valproic acid. Topiramate also has several proposed mechanisms for predisposing patients for hyperammonemia. There are limited data on topiramate monotherapy or long-term use of topiramate use causing hyperammonemia-associated encephalopathy or enhancing hyperammonemia with the addition of valproic acid. Conclusions: This case supports topiramate-related hyperammonemia and the pharmacodynamic interaction with the co-administration of valproic acid.
Glucose-deprivation increases thyroid cancer cells sensitivity to metformin
Authors: Bikas Athanasios , Jensen Kirk , Patel Aneeta , Costello John , McDaniel Dennis , Klubo-Gwiezdzinska Joanna , Larin Olexander , Hoperia Victoria , Burman Kenneth D , Boyle Lisa , Wartofsky Leonard , Vasko Vasyl
Published: September 2015

Metformin inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth. We sought to determine if variable glucose concentrations in medium alter the anti-cancer efficacy of metformin. Thyroid cancer cells (FTC133 and BCPAP) were cultured in high-glucose (20 mM) and low-glucose (5 mM) medium before treatment with metformin. Cell viability and apoptosis assays were performed. Expression of glycolytic genes was examined by real-time PCR, western blot, and immunostaining. Metformin inhibited cellular proliferation in high-glucose medium and induced cell death in low-glucose medium. In low-, but not in high-glucose medium, metformin induced endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and oncosis. At micromolar concentrations, metformin induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and blocked p-pS6 in low-glucose medium. Metformin increased the rate of glucose consumption from the medium and prompted medium acidification. Medium supplementation with glucose reversed metformin-inducible morphological changes. Treatment with an inhibitor of glycolysis (2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG)) increased thyroid cancer cell sensitivity to metformin. The combination of 2-DG with metformin led to cell death. Thyroid cancer cell lines were characterized by over-expression of glycolytic genes, and metformin decreased the protein level of pyruvate kinase muscle 2 (PKM2). PKM2 expression was detected in recurrent thyroid cancer tissue samples. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the glucose concentration in the cellular milieu is a factor modulating metformin's anti-cancer activity. These data suggest that the combination of metformin with inhibitors of glycolysis could represent a new strategy for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
Elenco de medicamentos do Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil e a Política de Nacional Assistência Farmacêutica
Authors: Yamauti Sueli Miyuki , Barberato-Filho Silvio , Lopes Luciane Cruz
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o elenco de medicamentos do Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil (PFPB) frente à política de assistência farmacêutica vigente no país. O elenco de medicamentos do PFPB foi comparado com listas de referência de medicamentos essenciais (nacional e internacional), com os componentes da assistência farmacêutica no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e com a produção pública de medicamentos nos Laboratórios Farmacêuticos Oficiais do Brasil (LFOB). O PFPB contém 119 medicamentos, dos quais 19,3% e 47,1% não foram selecionados nas listas de referência nacional e internacional, respectivamente; 16,8% não são utilizados na atenção primária e 40,3% não são produzidos por LFO. A revisão do elenco do PFPB com base na concepção de medicamentos essenciais da Organização Mundial da Saúde, o alinhamento às políticas de assistência farmacêutica e à produção pelos LFO são fundamentais para melhorar a qualidade da atenção à saúde, a gestão, a capacitação dos prescritores e a informação aos cidadãos.
Sobrevida por câncer de mama e iniquidade em saúde
Authors: Guerra Maximiliano Ribeiro , Silva Gulnar Azevedo e , Nogueira Mário Círio , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves , Oliveira Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes de , Cintra Jane Rocha Duarte , Bustamante-Teixeira Maria Teresa
Published: September 2015

O câncer de mama é a neoplasia mais frequente em mulheres e alguns estudos mostram desigualdades sociais na sua incidência e sobrevida, o que é pouco estudado no Brasil. Para avaliar a iniquidade no seu prognóstico, foi feito estudo de coorte hospitalar. O seguimento foi realizado por busca ativa nos registros médicos e Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade, contato telefônico e consulta de situação cadastral no Cadastro de Pessoas Físicas. As funções de sobrevida foram estimadas pelo método de Kaplan-Meier e o modelo de riscos proporcionais de Cox foi utilizado para avaliação prognóstica. Foi estimada uma sobrevida específica pela doença de 76,3% (IC95%: 71,9-81,0) em 5 anos. As mulheres atendidas no serviço público tiveram pior prognóstico (HR = 1,79; IC95%: 1,09-2,94), e tal efeito foi mediado, sobretudo, pelo estadiamento da doença mais avançado no momento do diagnóstico. Tais achados apontam para a existência de desigualdades de acesso a ações de rastreamento, com as mulheres de menor posição socioeconômica tendo diagnóstico mais tardio e consequentemente pior prognóstico.
Validade e utilidade da autopercepção de necessidade de tratamento odontológico por adultos e idosos
Authors: Nascimento Alex Rodrigues do , Andrade Fabíola Bof de , César Cibele Comini
Published: September 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a validade das medidas de autopercepção como indicador de necessidades de tratamentos odontológicos em adultos e idosos. A amostra foi composta por indivíduos que participaram da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal e da Pesquisa sobre as Condições de Saúde Bucal da População Mineira. A autopercepção da necessidade de tratamento dentário e de prótese total foi comparada com a necessidade determinada a partir do exame odontológico, considerado padrão-ouro. A qualidade das medidas foi avaliada por meio da sensibilidade, da especificidade e de valores preditivos. A sensibilidade variou de 51% a 90%, enquanto a especificidade ficou entre 56% e 90%. Os valores preditivos positivos foram de 11% a 95%, e os negativos, de 23% a 99%. A autopercepção de necessidade de tratamento dentário em adultos e de necessidade de próteses totais em idosos apresentou valores aceitáveis de validade. Por outro lado, a autopercepção da necessidade de tratamento por idosos e da necessidade de próteses totais por adultos não foi considerada útil devido a seu baixo desempenho.
Eficiência de genótipos de Brachiaria brizanthaStapf. (Syn: Urochloa brizantha) na produção de biomassa sob aplicação de fósforo
Authors: Camacho M.A. , Silveira L.P.O. , Silveira M.V.
Published: September 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção de biomassa e a eficiência agronômica em função do fornecimento de fósforo em diferentes genótipos de Brachiaria brizantha. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em que os oito tratamentos consistiram em cinco variedades (Arapoty, Capiporã, Marandu, Piatã e Xaraés) e três acessos do banco de germoplasma do Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Gado de Corte (B5, B10 e B12), em função da aplicação ou não de fósforo. As plantas foram cultivadas sob solo originalmente com 4,1mg dm-3 de fósforo. Avaliou-se a massa seca da raiz (MSR), folha (MSF), parte aérea (MSPA) e a eficiência agronômica (EA). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste de Doon ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. A produção de MSR foi incrementada pela aplicação de P nas variedades Arapoty, Capiporã, Piatã e Xaraés, em que os valores médios sem P foram de 5,1; 7,4; 7,2 e 5,8g vaso-1, enquanto com aplicação de P foram de 9,4; 10,6; 11,9 e 8,4g vaso-1, respectivamente. Para as variáveis MSF e MSPA, o P promoveu incremento da produção de todos os genótipos, produzindo em média 2,1 e 2,8g vaso-1, respectivamente, sem o fornecimento de P, ao passo que, com o fornecimento de P, produziu 3,8 e 5,5g vaso-1, respectivamente, para MSF e MSPA. Os genótipos Arapoty e B5 foram os mais eficientes no uso de P. O genótipo B12 apresentou maior adaptação para cultivo em solos com baixas concentrações de P, enquanto a variedade Arapoty sobressaiu-se quando realizada aplicação de adubo fosfatado. A variedade Arapoty e o genótipo B5 apresentaram maior eficiência no uso de P, podendo-se indicar esses materiais para programas de melhoramento dessa espécie.
Eficiência produtiva ao desmame de vacas Nelore criadas no Pantanal
Authors: Silva R.M. , Souza J.C. , Fernandes H.J. , Abreu U.G.P. , Ferraz Filho P.B. , Rosa A.N.
Published: September 2015

O trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência produtiva de vacas ao desmame de acordo com seu tamanho (peso) e estimar correlação fenotípica entre as características peso do bezerro ao desmame (PBD), peso da vaca ao desmame do bezerro (PVD) e relação desmame (RD = PBD/ PVD) de animais da raça Nelore criados no Pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Foram utilizadas 706 observações para pares de dados de pesos de vacas e de bezerros da raça Nelore ao desmame criados em regime de pastejo. Foram formados seis grupos com base no peso de vaca ao desmame (GPVD) a partir dos desvios (40,73kg) de peso em relação à média geral do rebanho (420,56kg). Os grupos de vacas com menores pesos obtiveram maiores RD. As correlações fenotípicas entre PVD e PBD variaram de 0,05 a 0,26, enquanto para PVD e RD as correlações foram negativas e com variação de 0,11 a 0,25. As correlações fenotípicas entre PBD e RD apresentaram-se positivas e de alta magnitude (0,91 a 0,98). As maiores eficiências produtivas foram determinadas para vacas de pequeno a médio porte (327,20 a 438,62kg), além de estas serem menos exigentes quanto a nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT). A seleção de vacas de tamanho médio (379, 83 a 461,29kg) apresenta-se mais vantajosa por gerar menor custo de mantença que as vacas maiores e produzir bezerros mais pesados que as vacas menores.
Perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de vacas Holandês x Gir em pastagem de capim-marandu suplementado com quantidades crescentes de grão de soja tostado
Authors: Mourthé M.H.F. , Reis R.B. , Gama M.A.S. , Barros P.A.V. , Antoniassi R. , Bizzo H.R. , Lopes F.C.F.
Published: September 2015

O experimento foi realizado na Embrapa Gado de Leite, em delineamento quadrado latino (QL) 4x4, com o objetivo de avaliar o perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) e os índices de qualidade nutricional da gordura do leite de vacas Holandês x Gir (n = 16) sob pastejo em Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu suplementada com concentrado (6kg/vaca/dia) contendo 0; 1,3; 2,6 e 3,9kg (base matéria natural) de grão de soja tostado (GST). Foram observados decréscimos lineares (P<0,0001) nas concentrações e nas secreções dos AG láurico, mirístico e palmítico e dos AG de cadeia ímpar linear e ramificada, bem como incrementos lineares (P<0,0001) nas concentrações e secreções dos AG α-linolênico, linoleico, oleico e esteárico na gordura do leite, com a inclusão do GST no concentrado. As concentrações e as secreções dos AG vacênico e rumênico apresentaram comportamento quadrático (P<0,001) em resposta à inclusão de quantidades crescentes de GST na dieta. As alterações observadas no perfil de AG do leite com o aumento da inclusão de GST no concentrado resultaram em reduções lineares (P<0,0001) nos índices de aterogenicidade e de trombogenicidade e em incrementos lineares (P<0,0001) nas relações entre AG hipo:hipercolesterolêmicos e entre AG ω-6:ω-3 da gordura do leite. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a inclusão de quantidades crescentes de GST na dieta de vacas Holandês x Gir pastejando capim-marandu apresenta potencial para a secreção de leite com gordura enriquecida com ácidos graxos benéficos à saúde humana.
Successful use of autogenous bone graft for the treatment of a radius-ulna nonunion in an amputee dog
Authors: Minto B.W. , Prada T.C. , Marinho P.V.T. , Zani C.C. , Menezes M.P.D.
Published: September 2015

Fracture nonunions represent important complications in orthopedic surgeries. Nonunion repairs or bone defects are surgically challenging. Our aim was to describe a nonunion case, which was repaired with rapid bone recovery. An 8-month-old male mixed breed dog that has been previously operated was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of São Paulo State University, with a right radius-ulna nonunion and an amputated contralateral forelimb. A cancellous bone graft was collected from a partially amputated limb, in order to correct the nonunion, and used in association with a locking plate. After four weeks, the bone graft had been incorporated into the original bone. Clinical union with good weight bearing was achieved after eight weeks.
O QUE FAZ UMA PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL? INTERVENÇÃO NA PSICOLOGIA SOCIAL BRASILEIRA
Authors: Lopes Leidiane Pereira , Nascimento Adriano Roberto Afonso do
Published: September 2015

Resumo Tema identificado como central desde as primeiras proposições abrapsianas, a intervenção tem se consolidado, na psicologia social brasileira, como um campo bastante diversificado quanto aos seus objetivos, públicos-alvo e procedimentos. Assim, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar e analisar o que foi considerado intervenção em 260 trabalhos completos publicados nos anais dos Encontros Nacionais da Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Social (ABRAPSO) realizados em 2007, 2009 e 2011. Dois procedimentos foram utilizados para o tratamento dos dados: Análise de Conteúdo e Análise Lexical. A discussão integrada dos resultados permitiu-nos um mapeamento de características que possibilitaram compreender o conjunto de atividades relatadas, tais como tipo de trabalho, sobressaindo-se os de Pesquisa, com 117 trabalhos; objetivos: Fazer, Analisar, Conhecer e Apresentar; alvo principal, sobressaindo-se Trabalhadores/Profissionais; espaços/locais, sendo predominantes as Instituições de Saúde; e aspectos metodológicos, sobressaindo-se as Técnicas Grupais, bem como a construção de um "conceito" geral atribuído ao termo intervenção
MEDIDA SOCIOEDUCATIVA DE INTERNAÇÃO: ESTRATÉGIA PUNITIVA OU PROTETIVA?
Authors: Scisleski Andrea Cristina Coelho , Bruno Bruna Soares , Galeano Giovana Barbieri , Santos Suyanne Nayara dos , Silva Jhon Lennon Caldeira da
Published: September 2015

ResumoEste artigo problematiza como os jovens em conflito com a lei são administrados nas medidas socioeducativas de internação e busca a discussão das diferenças entre as formas de atender aqueles que recebem medidas de proteção e aqueles que recebem medidas socioeducativas. No que concerne à gestão, encontra-se uma separação na administração das medidas de proteção e das medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto, geridas pela Assistência Social, e as medidas socioeducativas de internação, geridas pela Segurança Pública. A pesquisa se desenvolveu pelo método cartográfico, que abrangeu entrevistas realizadas com profissionais do sistema socioeducativo, visitas às unidades de internação, leitura de processos jurídicos e oitivas de audiências na Vara da Infância e da Juventude. Conclui-se que a proteção integral preconizada pelo ECA não atinge todos, como é o caso dos adolescentes em conflito com a lei que estão internados, tendo seus direitos violados em prol da manutenção da segurança da população.
DOCÊNCIA E CONCEPÇÕES DE SEXUALIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Gesser Marivete , Oltramari Leandro Castro , Panisson Gelson
Published: September 2015

ResumoO objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de identificar as concepções de sexualidade de docentes que atuam na rede de educação básica de uma capital do sul do Brasil. Para tanto, partiu-se do pressuposto de que tais concepções contribuem para a constituição das práticas pedagógicas. As informações foram obtidas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicadas a 23 professoras e professores de 12 diferentes escolas e analisadas com base na análise de conteúdo temática. O referencial teórico norteador da pesquisa foi o dos estudos de gênero. Como resultados, identificou-se que as concepções de sexualidade são baseadas nos discursos preventivista, heteronormativo e de democracia sexual e que estes produzem diferentes efeitos nas práticas pedagógicas. Conclui-se que a inclusão da temática sexualidade na formação de professoras e professores, a partir de uma perspectiva politicamente posicionada contra a patologização e medicalização das expressões não heteronormativas, é um ato político voltado à garantia dos direitos humanos.
IMPLICAÇÕES EMOCIONAIS NA PARTICIPAÇÃO POLÍTICA DE DIRIGENTES DO PSDB/ES
Authors: Meira Everton Faria , Palassi Márcia Prezotti , Silva Alfredo Rodrigues Leite da , Fantinel Letícia Dias
Published: September 2015

Este artigo visa a compreender a dinâmica das emoções que envolvem a participação política de dirigentes do Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira/PSDB no Espírito Santo. Adota-se uma abordagem histórico-cultural, associada à discussão sobre participação política e partidos políticos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa baseado na epistemologia qualitativa de Gonzalez Rey (2005). Os dados foram obtidos entre abril/2011 e março/2013, através de questionário, redação, observação participante, conversações grupais e individuais com quatro dirigentes do PSDB em Vitória/ES. Os resultados revelam que a tristeza e decepção dos sujeitos com o PSDB ajudam a reduzir a intensidade da participação política no partido, produzindo elementos subjetivos em tensão com alguns sentimentos. As considerações finais discutem o contexto político brasileiro e indicam a necessidade de modificar os processos internos de tomada de decisão, bem como a estrutura partidária de um modo geral
Germination inhibits the growth of new roots and seedlings in Eugenia uniflora and Eugenia brasiliensis
Authors: Amador Talita Silveira , Barbedo Claudio José
Published: September 2015

Abstract:Seeds of Eugenia species can produce new roots and whole plants even when much of its reserves is removed. However, new roots and seedlings rarely are formed spontaneously, and after cutting, each seed fragment usually produces only one new seedling, suggesting some control of the formation of several seedlings. It is possible, therefore, that germination leads to the production of inhibitory substances avoiding the development of new embryonic tissues. In the present work we have analyzed the potential of germinating seeds of Eugenia uniflora and Eugenia brasiliensisto inhibit new roots and seedling growth. Seeds were germinated after totally or partially fractionated. This last one was also totally fractionated after the development of a seedling, and the halves were also germinated. The results showed that the germination of the E. uniflora and E. brasiliensis seeds have inhibited the formation of new roots and seedlings.
Balanço de energia e controle biofísico da evapotranspiração na Caatinga em condições de seca intensa
Authors: Souza Luciana Sandra Bastos de , Moura Magna Soelma Beserra de , Sediyama Gilberto Chohaku , Silva Thieres George Freire da
Published: September 2015

Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a variação sazonal dos componentes do balanço de energia e avaliar o controle biofísico da evapotranspiração, em área de Caatinga preservada, em condições de seca intensa. O experimento foi conduzido em 2012, tendo-se utilizado o sistema "eddy covariance", instalado a 16,9 m acima da superfície do solo. Além disso, foram realizadas medidas de temperatura, umidade, radiação solar, saldo de radiação, fluxo de calor no solo e temperatura do solo. Os dados dos fluxos de calor sensível e latente foram processados com o programa Alteddy e analisados em escalas diária e sazonal. Com os dados do fluxo de calor latente, foram determinados os valores da evapotranspiração, bem como os indicadores da sua sensibilidade às condições ambientais: fator de desacoplamento, e resistências aerodinâmica e da superfície. O saldo de radiação apresentou forte sazonalidade, com comportamento dependente da radiação solar. A partição dos componentes do balanço de energia revelou que a ocorrência de seca intensa maximiza a destinação da energia disponível ao fluxo de calor sensível, e que a evapotranspiração nessa condição é especialmente dependente do deficit de pressão de vapor e da resistência da superfície.
Limestone particle sizes and lighting regimens on egg and bone quality of laying hens
Authors: Xavier Regina Patrícia de Souza , Freitas Ednardo Rodrigues , Braz Nádia Melo , Farias Nadja Naiara Pereira , Lima Raffaella Castro , Watanabe Pedro Henrique , Nascimento Germano Augusto Jerônimo , Peixoto Maria Simone Mendes
Published: September 2015

Abstract:The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of limestone particle sizes in the diet and of lighting regimes on the egg and bone quality and on the performance of commercial laying hens. Three hundred Hissex White layers, at 18 weeks of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design, in a 5×2 factorial arrangement (coarse limestone in the diet at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%; with or without artificial light), with five replicates of six birds. No significant interaction was observed between particle sizes and lighting regime for the evaluated parameters. There was no significant effect of coarse limestone level in the diet on the performance and egg quality of hens; however, bone deformity (3.23 to 4.01 mm), strength (5.19 to 6.70 kgf cm-2), and mineral matter (51.09 to 59.61%) improved as the proportion of coarse limestone increased. For lighting regime, the treatment with artificial light yielded higher Haugh unit values (87.17 vs. 85.54) than that with natural light only. Greater limestone particles improve bone quality of laying hens, and the use of artificial light can benefit the albumen quality of the eggs.
Gestão ambiental e estratégia empresarial em pequenas e médias empresas: um estudo comparativo de casos
Authors: Martins Paulo Sérgio , Escrivão Filho Edmundo , Nagano Marcelo Seido
Published: September 2015

Nas últimas duas décadas, empresários e acadêmicos da área de gestão têm lidado com indagações sobre como e por que as empresas deveriam integrar a temática ambiental na tomada de decisões estratégicas. Assim, a preocupação com a questão ambiental tem feito com que empresas de todos os portes repensem as suas relações com o meio ambiente. Este artigo objetivou verificar se as atividades de gestão ambiental em pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) do segmento metal-mecânico da região centro-paulista estão em consonância com suas estratégias empresariais. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de casos coletivos em quatro empresas desse segmento empresarial. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo indutiva. Os resultados revelaram a existência de PMEs fortemente engajadas com a gestão ambiental e práticas ambientais alinhadas com suas estratégias, contrariando o pessimismo da literatura. Além do mais, a pesquisa evidenciou que a característica da formalidade, entendida como registro e horizonte do planejamento estratégico, manteve relação contraditória com a adoção de gestão ambiental proativa nas PMEs estudadas.
Analysis of possible food/nutrient and drug interactions in hospitalized patients
Authors: Lopes Everton Moraes , Carvalho Rumão Batista Nunes de , Freitas Rivelilson Mendes de
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prescription in relation to the possible interactions between drugs and foods/nutrients in the diets of patients in the Hospital Regional Justino Luz in the municipality of Picos, Piauí, Brazil. Methods: The sample consisted of 60 medical records of patients admitted at the hospital. The records were analyzed according to the presence or absence of interactions between drugs and foods/nutrients of the prescribed diets. Results: Of the 82 drugs prescribed in all periods, there were 16 drugs (19.5%) with possible interaction with food, a total of 60 interactions between nutrient/food and medicine. Thus, 18 (30%), 10 (17%) and 8 (13%) possible interactions were identified with captopril (cardiovascular drug) with acetylsalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory) and spironolactone (diuretic), respectively representing the highest numbers of interactions among the classes of investigated drugs. It was also found that the total interactions between food/nutrients and drugs, 32 (53%) accounted for interactions with cardiovascular drugs, 13 (22%) with anti-inflammatory drugs, 11 (18%) with diuretic agents e 4 (7%) with drugs that act on the digestive tract. Conclusion: There was a high number of interactions between food/nutrients and medicines emphasizing the need for prior knowledge of these interactions as a way to avoid impairment in the treatment, longer hospital stays and/or damage to the nutritional status of the patients.
Magnetohyperthermia for treatment of gliomas: experimental and clinical studies
Authors: Silva André César da , Oliveira Tiago Ribeiro , Mamani Javier Bustamante , Malheiros Suzana Mária Fleury , Pavon Lorena Favaro , Sibov Tatiana Taís , Amaro Junior Edson , Gamarra Lionel Fernel
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT Gliomas comprise a group of heterogeneous primary tumors of the central nervous system that originate from glial cells. Malignant gliomas account for the majority of primary malignant CNS tumors and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Glioblastoma is the most frequent malignant glioma, and despite recent advances in diagnosis and new treatment options, its prognosis remains dismal. New opportunities for the development of effective therapies for malignant gliomas are urgently needed. Magnetohyperthermia consists of heat generation in the region of the tumor through the application of magnetic nanoparticles subjected to an alternating magnetic field and has shown positive results in both preclinical and clinical assays. The aim of this review was to assess the relevance of hyperthermia induced by magnetic nanoparticles in treating gliomas and to describe possible variations of the technique and its implication in the effectiveness of treatment. An electronic search in the literature of articles published from January 1990 to November 2009 was performed, in databases ISI Web of Science and PubMed, and after screening according to the inclusion criteria, 11 articles were selected. Animal models showed that magnetohyperthermia was effective in promoting tumor cell death and reducing tumor mass or increasing survival of the animals. One clinical study demonstrated that magnetohyperthermia could be applied safely and with few adverse effects. Some studies suggested that mechanisms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and antitumor immune response were triggered by magnetohyperthermia. Based on these data, it was concluded that the technique proved to be effective in most experiments, and improvement of the nanocomposites, as well as of the alternating magnetic field equipment, can contribute towards establishing magnetohyperthermia as a promising tool to treat malignant gliomas.
Systems Modeling and Design of Automated-Directional-Drilling Systems
Authors: Downton G. C.
Published: September 2015

A tractable analytical technique has been devised for gaining insight into the directional performance of a wide range of drilling systems. The software for simulating the directional behavior of drilling tools has reached a high level of technical sophistication. However, this has not rendered the analytical path redundant. The role of the computer is vital to both approaches. In the former, it is the immense number-crunching power, and in the latter, it is an ability to search for an explanation of what the mathematical forms actually mean.

The technique used will be accessible to engineers with a general understanding of circuit analysis or control. The lateral borehole-propagation response of a wide class of directional-drilling systems is derived as a simple delay-differential equation. The “delayed” part of the expression is determined by the contact points of the bottomhole assembly (BHA) with the borehole. With this insight, a succinct and intuitive method for constructing the transfer-function response of a drilling system's directional tendency consequent upon the influence of gravity, weight on bit (WOB), and active steering actuator influences will be explored. The analytical approach gives manageable algebraic forms for a tool's dogleg capability and leads to simple graphical techniques for determining whether the trajectory will be smooth or spiraled.

The directional capability of passive BHAs to build, drop, or hold is considered first as a springboard to analyze today's rotary-steerable systems (RSSs), wherein the strength of the steering actuation overshadows the BHA's inherent gravity-induced directional tendency. This leads to an understanding of how closing the loop around a directional-drilling system will affect the performance of a wider automated-steering system.
‘Author and Authorship’ in Scientific Journals
Authors: Shah Jay N
Published: September 2015

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13006 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):1-3
Comparative Study of Tweed Triangle in Angle Class II Division 1 Malocclusion between Nepalese and Chinese Students
Authors: Sharma Bishnu Prasad , Xin Chang , Sharma Jagan Nath
Published: September 2015

Introductions: The establishment of specific cephalometric norms for specific race or ethnic group has been documented in literatures. The aim of the present study was to compare the Tweed triangle for Nepalese and Chinese subjects with Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion. Methods: The cephalometric radiographs of 52 Nepalese and 52 Chinese students age between 14 to 18 years, Class II division 1 malocclusion with Point A-Nasion-Point B angle larger than 4 degrees were analyzed for 9 parameters. Results: Mean age of Nepalese participants was 14.28 years and that of Chinese 14.09. The comparative variables of Nepalese and Chinese population were: Y axis (61.39 and 67.52), Sella Nasion Point A angle (83.69 and 81.14), Sella Nasion Point B angle (76.87 and 74.62), Occlusal plane angle (19.0 and 23.12), Frankfort Mandibular plane angle (28.13 and 32.87) and Lower Incisior to Frankfort Horizontal plane Angle (54.77 and 48.23). Conclusions: The Class II skeletal pattern, well positioned maxillas and retrusive mandibles were present in both samples. The Chinese showed more protruded maxilla, more buccal inclination of lower incisors and longer face than Nepalese. Plain Language Summary: The study was done to identify the Tweed triangle for a sample of Nepalese and Chinese subjects with Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion . The study found that the both samples showed Class II skeletal pattern, well positioned maxillas and retrusive mandibles but the Chinese had more protruded maxilla, more buccal inclination of lower incisors and longer face than Nepalese. It showed the importance of ethnic role as Nepalese have distinct cephalometric features, which should be used as a reference while treating the Nepalese orthodontic patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13008 Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):8-12
Follow-up Study of Mortality after Clinical Protocol Based Intervention at Emergency of Patan Hospital
Authors: Bajrachraya Sumana , Shrestha Ashis
Published: September 2015

Introductions: Decreasing the mortality of patients is one of the major concerns of emergency department. Mortality decreases after implementation of protocol based intervention. This follow up study has been done to see the benefit of protocol based approach. Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at emergency department of Patan hospital from January 2013 to June 2013. All records of patient with mortality were reviewed excluding those who were brought dead. Results: Total mortality in six months was 31. Mortality rate was 1.7 per thousand emergency visits. Mean duration of stay at emergency was five hours, range 30 minutes to 25 hours. The common diagnoses at presentation were Pneumonia 12 (45.1%), Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding 4 (13%), Hypoglycaemia 3 (9.7%) followed by blunt abdominal trauma, penetrating neck injury, pneumothorax, spinal shock, head injury and zinc phosphide poisoning 2 (6.5%) each. The most common causes of death were septic shock 9 (29%), hypovolaemic shock 7 (25.8%), respiratory failure 6 (19.4%), hypoglycaemia 3 (9.7%), cardiogenic shock, raised intracranial pressure and spinal shock 2 (6.5%) each. Conclusions: Protocol based management are important tools to decrease mortality but it is not the only factor that decreases the mortality. Plain Language Summary: This study was done to see if implementing protocol based management improves mortality or not. This study highlighted the fact that protocol based management are important sufficient to decrease mortality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v1i1.13009   Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):13-15
A Case of Unicornuate Uterus with Atypical Located Hyperstimulated Ovary after in Vitro Fertilization Pre-Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET)
Authors: Angelova Mariya Angelova , Kovachev Emil Georgiev , Kisyov Stefan Vasilev , Ivanova Vilislava Robert
Published: September 2015

The authors describe a case of a congenital Mullerian anomaly, uterus unicornis with missing right fallopian tube. An in Vitro Fertilization Pre-Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) procedure was done and presently is known that the patient has left fallopian tube and left ovary, two kidneys, and right ovary is missing. No diagnostic laparoscopy and hysteroscopy were done, only hysterosalpingography (HSG) before the IVF procedure.Â  Several days after the follicular puncture of the left ovary the patient was urgently admitted to the hospital for specialized gynaecology in Varna. Transabdominal ultrasonography showed right ovary atypically located immediately next to the liver and with emerging theca-lutein cysts.
A Case of Secondary Abdominal Pregnancy after in Vitro Fertilization Pre-Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET)
Authors: Angelova Mariya Angelova , Kovachev Emil Georgiev , Kozovski Ivan , Kornovski Yavor Dimitrov , Kisyov Stefan Vasilev , Ivanova Vilislava Robert
Published: September 2015

The authors describe a rare case of secondary abdominal pregnancy after in vitro fertilization pre-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Ultrasonography was applied to image ectopic gestational sac containing a yolk vesicle and located adjacent to the anterior uterine wall and left adnexa. Laparoscopy was done on the same day followed by sinistral salpingectomy due to tubal abortion indications. Intraabdominal examination showed chorionic structures penetrating pl. vesicouterina. Histological tests confirmed the EP diagnosis in the second material, i.e. indications of secondary abdominal pregnancy.
A Very Rare Presentation of Multiple Myeloma: Unilateral Raccoon Eye
Authors: VarÄ±m Ceyhun , Ergenc Hasan , UyanÄ±k Mehmet Sevki , Kaya Tezcan , Nalbant Ahmet , Karacaer Cengiz , Sunu Cenk , Tamer Ali
Published: September 2015

Multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematological malignancy, is caused by the accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells in bone marrow. It accounts for 10â€“15% of deaths from hematological malignancies and approximately 2% of deaths from cancer. The median age at presentation is 70 years old. The diagnosis is incidental in 30% of cases. MM is often discovered through routine blood screening with a large gap between the total protein and the albumin levels.Two thirds of patients complain of bone pain, especially lower back pain. MM could be diagnosed after a pathologic fracture occurs in one third of patients. Presentation with symptoms related to hyperviscosity, hypercalcemia and bleeding tendency could also be observed. A rare presentation of MM is peri-orbital ecchymotic lesion (raccoon eye). Here, we report a 64 years old, male patient presented with unilateral raccoon eye and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) to internal medicine outpatient. The patient was referred to hematology outpatient and was diagnosed with multiple myeloma.
The Health Status of the Reproductive System in Women Living In the Aral Sea Region
Authors: Turdybekova Yasminur G. , Dosmagambetova Raushan S. , Zhanabayeva Symbat U. , Bublik Gena V. , Kubayev Alik B. , Ibraibekov Zhanbolat G. , Kopobayeva Irina L. , Kultanov Berikbay Zh.
Published: September 2015

In order to assess womenâ€™s reproductive health in the Kyzylorda region (the Aral Sea) of Kazakhstan, 1406 women were involved in an integrated clinical-functional and laboratory examination, given regional and environmental ecological factors. The high level of endocrine gynecological pathology is indicated in the examined women. In both examined zones, there is a late menarche over 16 years old, which is 39%. It is indicated a trend towards younger age of menopause onset. Inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs affect a third of the examined women. In the zone of ecological disaster, every fourth woman has fetal losses, cases of spontaneous pregnancy termination and/or non-developing pregnancies in anamnesis, which can be repeated many times.
Fulminate Hepatic Failure in a 5 Year Old Female after Inappropriate Acetaminophen Treatment
Authors: Kasmi Irena , Sallabanda Sashenka , Kasmi Gentian
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND: Acetaminophen is a drug widely used in children because of its safety and efficacy. Although the risk of its toxicity is lower in children such reactions occur in pediatric patients from intentional overdoses and less frequently attributable to unintended inappropriate dosing. The aim of reporting this case is to attract the attention to the risk of the acetaminophen toxicity when administered in high doses.CASE PRESENTATION: We report here a 5 year old girl who developed fulminate liver failure with renal impairment and acute pancreatitis, as a result of acetaminophen toxicity caused from unintentional repeated supratherapeutic ingestion, with a total administered dose of 4800 mg in three consecutive days, 1600 mg/day, approximately 90 mg/kg/day. The blood level of acetaminophen after 10 hours of the last administered dose was 32 mg/l. The patient presented with high fever, jaundice, lethargic, agitating with abdominal pain accompanied by encephalopathy. The liver function test revealed with high level of alanine aminotransferase 5794 UI/l and aspartate aminotransferase 6000 UI/l. Early initiation of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) after biochemical evidence of liver toxicity was beneficial with rapid improvement of liver enzymes, hepatic function and encephalopathy. During the course of the illness the child developed acute pancreatitis with hyperamylasemia 255 UI/L and hyperlypasemia 514 UI/ L. Patient totally recovered within 29 days.CONCLUSION: Healthcare providers should considered probable acetaminophen toxicity in any child who has received the drug and presented with liver failure. When there is a high index of suspicion of acetaminophen toxicity NAC should be initiated and continued until there are no signs of hepatic dysfunction.
Change in Profile of Entrants in a Brazilian Large Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Service
Authors: Tomazini Nesello Pietro Felice , Foletto Guilherme , Comparsi Eduardo Pflug , Tairova Olga Sergueevna
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND: There are references regarding physical activity and cardiovascular disease since the nineteenth century. New evidences support that cardiac rehabilitation is closely related to therapeutic success after major coronary events. Although the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation programs are well established, referencing and enrolment in such services remain low.AIM: The aim of this paper is to describe the profile changes throughout the years in a large cardiac rehabilitation service in Brazil.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of medical records of all patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation service of the Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul from March 2003 to July 2014. Data collection was carried out using SPSS software and the statistical analysis with Studentâ€™s t-test, ANOVA test and chi square test.RESULTS: It has seen a substantial increase of patients, mostly routed via universal health system, also an increase of post-myocardial infarction patients and ex-smokers. Also, it was seen few patients in the 7th and 8th life decades, and men were in majority since the beginning.CONCLUSION: An increase in the number of patients referred by universal health system occurred because there is a governmental interest in this type of program. About tobacco, hospitalizations appear to be influential in the decision of abandonment. There was a substantial increase of patients with more severe disease which is in accordance with the latest guidelines of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Rehabilitation.
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction â€“ Concept, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Challenges for Treatment
Authors: Veterovska Miljkovik Lidija , Spiroska Vera
Published: September 2015

Heart failure (HF) with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFpEF) occurs in 40 to 60% of the patients with HF, with a prognosis which is similar to HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). HFpEF pathophysiology is different from that of HFrEF, and has been characterized with diastolic dysfunction. Diastolic dysfunction has been defined with elevated left ventricular stiffness, prolonged iso-volumetric LV relaxation, slow LV filing and elevated LV end-diastolic pressure. Arterial hypertension occurs in majority cases with HFpEF worldwide. Patients are mostly older and obese. Diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation appear proportionally in a high frequency of patients with HFpEF. The HFpEF diagnosis is based on existence of symptoms and signs of heart failure, normal or approximately normal ejection and diagnosing of LV diastolic dysfunction by means of heart catheterization or Doppler echocardiography and/or elevated concentration of plasma natriuretic peptide. The present recommendations for HFpEF treatment include blood pressure control, heart chamber frequency control when atrial fibrillation exists, in some situations even coronary revascularization and an attempt for sinus rhythm reestablishment. Up to now, it is considered that no medication or a group of medications improve the survival of HFpEF patients. Due to these causes and the bad prognosis of the disorder, rigorous control is recommended of the previously mentioned precipitating factors for this disorder. This paper presents a universal review of the most important parameters which determine this disorder.