bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Cu−N−La Species Enabling Atomic‐Level Donor‐Acceptor Structure and Favored Reaction Thermodynamics for Selective CO2 Photoreduction to CH4
Authors: Xie Wenke , Liu Yushen , Zhang Xing , Yan Huijuan , Liu Xuan‐He , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhao Qinglan , Huang Hongwei
Published: December 2023

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction into ideal hydrocarbon fuels, such as CH4, is a sluggish kinetic process involving adsorption of multiple intermediates and multi‐electron steps. Achieving high CH4 activity and selectivity therefore remains a great challenge, which largely depends on the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation and transfer as well as the intermediate energy levels in CO2 reduction. Herein, we construct La and Cu dual‐atom anchored carbon nitride (LaCu/CN), with La‐N4 and Cu‐N3 coordination bonds connected by Cu−N−La bridges. The asymmetric Cu−N−La species enables the establishment of an atomic‐level donor‐acceptor structure, which allows the migration of electrons from La atoms to the reactive Cu atom sites. Simultaneously, intermediates during CO2 reduction on LaCu/CN demonstrate thermodynamically more favorable process for CH4 formation based on theoretical calculations. Eventually, LaCu/CN exhibits a high selectivity (91.6 %) for CH4 formation with a yield of 125.8 μmol g−1, over ten times of that for pristine CN. This work presents a strategy for designing multi‐functional dual‐atom based photocatalysts.
Boosting the Catalase‐Like Activity of SAzymes via Facile Tuning of the Distances between Neighboring Atoms in Single‐Iron Sites
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Pengbo , Zhang Jingru , Sun Qingdi , He Qian , He Xiaohui , Chen Hongyu , Ji Hongbing
Published: December 2023

A nanozyme with neighboring single‐iron sites (Fe2‐SAzyme) was introduced as a bioinspired catalase mimic, featuring excellent activity under varied conditions, twice as high as that of random Fe1‐SAzyme and ultrahigh H2O2 affinity as that of bioenzymes. Surprisingly, the interatomic spacing tuning between adjacent iron sites also suppressed the competitive peroxidase pathway, remarkably increasing the catalase/peroxidase selectivity up to ~6 times compared to Fe1‐SAzyme. This dramatically switched the catalytic activity of Fe‐SAzymes from generating (i.e. Fe1‐SAzymes, preferably mimicking peroxidase) to scavenging ROS (i.e. Fe2‐SAzymes, dominantly mimicking catalase). Theoretical and experimental investigations suggested that the pairwise single‐iron sites may serve as a robust molecular tweezer to efficiently trap and decompose H2O2 into O2, via cooperative hydrogen‐bonding induced end‐bridge adsorption. The versatile mechano‐assisted in situ MOF capsulation strategy enabled facile access to neighboring M2‐SAzyme (M=Fe, Ir, Pt), even up to a 1000 grams scale, but with no obvious scale‐up effect for both structures and performances.
Signalverstärkung und Nah‐Infrarot Übersetzung von Enzymatischen Reaktionen mit Nanosensoren**
Authors: Metternich Justus T. , Hill Björn , Wartmann Janus A. C. , Ma Chen , Kruskop Rebecca M. , Neutsch Krisztian , Herbertz Svenja , Kruss Sebastian
Published: December 2023

Enzymatische Reaktionen kommen in zahlreichen biochemischen Verfahren zum Nachweis von Analyten zum Einsatz. Um das Vorhandensein eines Analyten zu messen, werden die Enzyme an eine Erkennungseinheit konjugiert und wandeln ein Substrat in ein (farbiges) Produkt um, das im sichtbaren Bereich (VIS) des Spektrums nachgewiesen werden kann. Der niedrigste nachweisbare enzymatische Umsatz stellt somit eine Grenze für die Empfindlichkeit dar. Hier zeigen wir, dass Substrate und Produkte der Meerrettichperoxidase (HRP) und der β‐Galaktosidase die Fluoreszenz im nahen Infrarot (NIR) von einwandigen Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (SWCNTs) verändern, wenn diese mit (Bio−)Polymeren modifiziert sind. Durch die Fluoreszenz im NIR übersetzen die SWCNTs ein VIS‐Signal in ein NIR‐Signal. Zudem führt die Affinität der Nanosensoren zu einer höheren effektiven lokalen Konzentration der Reaktanten. Dies bewirkt eine nichtlineare sensorbasierte Signalverstärkung und ‐übersetzung (SENSAT). Für das HRP‐Substrat p‐Phenylendiamin (PPD) ergibt sich eine bis zu ≈120‐fache Signalverstärkung, die es erlaubt, Reaktionen unterhalb der VIS Nachweisgrenze im NIR (≈1000 nm) zu verfolgen. Der Ansatz ist auch auf andere Substrate wie 3,3‐5,5′‐Tetramethylbenzidin (TMB) anwendbar. Ein Adsorptionsmodell erklärt die beobachteten Signaländerung und bestätigt den Verstärkungsmechanismus. Mit Hilfe dieses Ansatzes lassen sich Signale von chromogenen enzymatischen Reaktionsprodukten verstärken, in den NIR‐Bereich übertragen und die Empfindlichkeit biochemischer Assays erhöhen.
Two‐Electron Redox Reactivity of Thorium Supported by Redox‐Active Tripodal Frameworks
Authors: Hsueh Fang‐Che , Chen Damien , Rajeshkumar Thayalan , Scopelliti Rosario , Maron Laurent , Mazzanti Marinella
Published: December 2023

The high stability of the + IVoxidation state limits thorium redox reactivity. Here we report the synthesis and the redox reactivity of two Th(IV) complexes supported by the arene‐tethered tris(siloxide) tripodal ligands [(KOSiR2Ar)3‐arene)]. The two‐electron reduction of these Th(IV) complexes generates the doubly reduced [KTh((OSi(OtBu)2Ar)3‐arene)(THF)2] (2OtBu) and [K(2.2.2‐cryptand)][Th((OSiPh2Ar)3‐arene)(THF)2](2Ph‐crypt) where the formal oxidation state of Th is +II. Structural and computational studies indicate that the reduction occurred at the arene anchor of the ligand. The robust tripodal frameworks store in the arene anchor two electrons that become available at the metal center for the two‐electron reduction of a broad range of substrates (N2O, COT, CHT, Ph2N2, Ph3PS and O2) while retaining the ligand framework. This work shows that arene‐tethered tris(siloxide) tripodal ligands allow implementation of two‐electron redox chemistry at the thorium center while retaining the ligand framework unchanged.
Precise Methylation Yields Acceptor with Hydrogen‐Bonding Network for High‐Efficiency and Thermally Stable Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wei Weifei , Zhang Cai'e , Chen Zhanxiang , Chen Wei , Ran Guangliu , Pan Guangjiu , Zhang Wenkai , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Bo Zhishan , Yang Chuluo , Luo Zhenghui
Published: December 2023

Utilizing intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions stands for an effective approach in advancing the efficiency and stability of small‐molecule acceptors (SMAs) for polymer solar cells. Herein, we synthesized three SMAs (Qo1, Qo2, and Qo3) using indeno[1,2‐b]quinoxalin‐11‐one (Qox) as the electron‐deficient group, with the incorporation of a methylation strategy. Through crystallographic analysis, it is observed that two Qox‐based methylated acceptors (Qo2 and Qo3) exhibit multiple hydrogen bond‐assisted 3D network transport structures, in contrast to the 2D transport structure observed in gem‐dichlorinated counterpart (Qo4). Notably, Qo2 exhibits multiple and stronger hydrogen‐bonding interactions compared with Qo3. Consequently, PM6 : Qo2 device realizes the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4 %, surpassing the efficiencies of devices based on Qo1 (15.8 %), Qo3 (16.7 %), and Qo4 (2.4 %). This remarkable PCE in PM6 : Qo2 device can be primarily ascribed to the enhanced donor‐acceptor miscibility, more favorable medium structure, and more efficient charge transfer and collection behavior. Moreover, the PM6 : Qo2 device demonstrates exceptional thermal stability, retaining 82.8 % of its initial PCE after undergoing annealing at 65 °C for 250 hours. Our research showcases that precise methylation, particularly targeting the formation of intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions to tune crystal packing patterns, represents a promising strategy in the molecular design of efficient and stable SMAs.
Signal Amplification and Near‐Infrared Translation of Enzymatic Reactions by Nanosensors**
Authors: Metternich Justus T. , Hill Björn , Wartmann Janus A. C. , Ma Chen , Kruskop Rebecca M. , Neutsch Krisztian , Herbertz Svenja , Kruss Sebastian
Published: December 2023

Enzymatic reactions are used to detect analytes in a range of biochemical methods. To measure the presence of an analyte, the enzyme is conjugated to a recognition unit and converts a substrate into a (colored) product that is detectable by visible (VIS) light. Thus, the lowest enzymatic turnover that can be detected sets a limit on sensitivity. Here, we report that substrates and products of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and β‐galactosidase change the near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence of (bio)polymer modified single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). They translate a VIS signal into a beneficial NIR signal. Moreover, the affinity of the nanosensors leads to a higher effective local concentration of the reactants. This causes a non‐linear sensor‐based signal amplification and translation (SENSAT). We find signal enhancement up to ≈120x for the HRP substrate p‐phenylenediamine (PPD), which means that reactions below the limit of detection in the VIS can be followed in the NIR (≈1000 nm). The approach is also applicable to other substrates such as 3,3′‐5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). An adsorption‐based theoretical model fits the observed signals and corroborates the sensor‐based enhancement mechanism. This approach can be used to amplify signals, translate them into the NIR and increase sensitivity of biochemical assays.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral 1,2‐Bis(Boronic) Esters Featuring Acyclic, Non‐Adjacent 1,3‐Stereocenters
Authors: Jiang Xia‐Min , Ji Chong‐Lei , Ge Jian‐Fei , Zhao Jia‐Hui , Zhu Xin‐Yuan , Gao De‐Wei
Published: December 2023

The construction of acyclic, non‐adjacent 1,3‐stereogenic centers, prevalent motifs in drugs and bioactive molecules, has been a long‐standing synthetic challenge due to acyclic nucleophiles being distant from the chiral environment. In this study, we successfully synthesized highly valuable 1,2‐bis(boronic) esters featuring acyclic and nonadjacent 1,3‐stereocenters. Notably, this reaction selectively produces migratory coupling products rather than alternative deborylative allylation or direct allylation byproducts. This approach introduces a new activation mode for selective transformations of gem‐diborylmethane in asymmetric catalysis. Additionally, we found that other gem‐diborylalkanes, previously challenging due to steric hindrance, also successfully participated in this reaction. The incorporation of 1,2‐bis(boryl)alkenes facilitated the diversification of the alkenyl and two boron moieties in our target compounds, thereby enabling access to a broad array of versatile molecules. DFT calculations were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism and shed light on the factors responsible for the observed excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. These were determined to arise from ligand‐substrate steric repulsions in the syn‐addition transition state.
Non‐invasive and Sensitive Fluorescence Detection of Phenylpyruvic Acid via a Guanidinomethyl‐modified Calixarene
Authors: Wang Huan‐Yu , Hu Zong‐Ying , Tian Han‐Wen , Hu Xin‐Yue , Pan Yu‐Chen , Guo Dong‐Sheng
Published: December 2023

Detection of phenylpyruvic acid (PPA) is important for the diagnosis of phenylketonuria (PKU). In this study, we designed a guanidinomethyl‐modified calix[5]arene that can strongly and selectively bind with PPA. Via indicator displacement assay, we set up a calibration line for accurately determining PPA concentration down to the μM range in artificial urine based on the linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and PPA concentration. This work provides a low‐cost, easy‐to‐operate, rapid, and sensitive method for PPA detection, and may offer an alternative for PKU diagnosis in clinical study.
Poly[(2‐methacryloyloxy)Ethyl]Trimethylammonium Chloride Supported Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles as an Active Electrocatalyst for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Islam Santa , Abu Nayem S. M. , Sultana Nasrin , Shaheen Shah Syed , Awal Abdul , Anjum Ahtisham , Jafar Mazumder Mohammad A. , Nasiruzzaman Shaikh M. , Abdul Aziz Md. , Saleh Ahammad A. J.
Published: December 2023

To combat with energy crisis considering clean energy, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial to implement electrolytic hydrogen fuel production in real life. Here, straightforward chemical synthesis pathways are followed to prepare cobalt tetraoxide nanoparticles (Co3O4NPs) in an alkaline OER process using poly[(2‐methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (Co3O4NPs@PMTC) as support to prevent aggregation. In material characterization, the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the crystallinity of the synthesized Co3O4NPs@PMTC, and Raman spectroscopy indicates that the Co3O4NPs contain cubic close‐packed oxides. The morphological analysis reveals the wrinkle‐like disruption which is distributed evenly owing to the folded nanosheet arrays. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy indicates the presence of a significant number of cobalt atoms in the Co3O4NPs, and elemental mapping analysis demonstrates the composition of the NPs. At a current density of 10 mA cm−2, oxygen is emitted at 1.67 V delivering an overpotential of 440 mV. This unique structure of Co3O4NPs@PMTC provides beneficial functions that are responsible for a large number of active sites and the rapid release of oxygen gas with long‐term stability. Through kinetic study, we found a Tafel slope of 48.9 mV dec−1 which proves the catalytic behavior of Co3O4NPs@PMTC is promising toward the OER process.
Modified Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Selected Food Azo Dyes: A Review
Authors: Cardenas‐Riojas Andy A. , Calderon‐Zavaleta Sandy L. , Quiroz‐Aguinaga Ulises , Muedas‐Taipe Golfer , Carhuayal‐Alvarez Saira M. , Ascencio‐Flores Yeshy F. , Ponce‐Vargas Miguel , Baena‐Moncada Angélica M.
Published: December 2023

There are plenty of evidence that consuming high levels of azo dyes, such as Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow, Allura Red, Ponceau 4R, Amaranth, Sudan, and Azorubine, is associated with serious health problems. Therefore, electrochemical sensors have been developed for their effective detection, also offering low cost, portability, and the fact that they do not require harmful solvents. They are customarily employed in several electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and square wave voltammetry. The most commonly employed materials in the manufacturing of electrochemical sensors are carbonaceous materials given their high stability, surface area, and conductivity. Employing these carbonaceous materials results in an enhanced sensitivity of electrochemical sensors when detecting azo dyes. To further improve the sensors, these materials are modified with metal oxides, polymers, polysaccharide, ionic liquids, and metal nanoparticles, allowing the detection of ultra‐sensitive traces of azo dyes. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the characteristics of modified carbonaceous materials and their applications for the detection of food azo dyes, along with a summary of the currently employed electroanalytical detection methods. Additionally, this review discusses the development of novel nanomaterials and their technological advances, while exploring their potential environmental and health impacts within the food industry.
Defective Carbon for Next‐Generation Stationary Energy Storage Systems: Sodium‐Ion and Vanadium Flow Batteries
Authors: McArdle Sophie , Bauer Felix , Granieri Simone Fiorini , Ast Marius , Di Fonzo Fabio , Marshall Aaron T. , Radinger Hannes
Published: December 2023

This review examines the role of defective carbon‐based electrodes in sodium‐ion and vanadium flow batteries. Methods for introducing defects into carbon structures are explored and their effectiveness in improving electrode performance is demonstrated. In sodium‐based systems, research focuses primarily on various precursor materials and heteroatom doping to optimise hard carbon electrodes. Defect engineering increases interlayer spacing, porosity, and changes the surface chemistry, which improves sodium intercalation and reversible capacities. Heteroatom functionalisation and surface modification affect solid electrolyte interface formation and coulombic efficiencies. For flow batteries, post‐fabrication electrode enhancement methods produce defects to improve electrode kinetics, although these methods often introduce oxygen functional groups as well, making isolation of defect effects difficult. Continued research efforts are key to developing carbon‐based electrodes that can meet the unique challenges of future battery systems.
High Temperature Solid Oxide Electrolysis – Technology and Modeling
Authors: Mueller Marius , Klinsmann Markus , Sauter Ulrich , Njodzefon Jean-Claude , Weber André
Published: December 2023

In the global quest to renounce from fossil fuels, a large demand for the renewable production of hydrogen via water electrolysis exists. In this context, the solid oxide electrolyzer (SOE) is an interesting technology due to its high efficiency resulting from elevated operating temperatures of up to 900 °C. Physical modeling plays a vital role in the development of SOEs, as it lowers experimental costs and provides insight where measurements reach limits. A main challenge for modeling SOEs is the multitude of physical effects, occurring and interacting on various spatial and temporal scales. This requires assumptions and simplifications, particularly when increasing scope and dimensions of a model. In this review, we discuss the different approaches currently available in literature.
Addressing the gap in health economics data to support national cancer control plans in low‐ and middle‐income countries: The Childhood Cancers Budgeting Rapidly to Incorporate Disadvantaged Groups for Equity (CC‐BRIDGE) tool
Authors: Bolous Nancy S. , Chokwenda‐Makore Nester , Bonilla Miguel , Chingo Grace , Kambugu Joyce , Mulindwa Justin M. , Noleb Mugisha , Chitsike Inam , Bhakta Nickhill
Published: December 2023

Background

National cancer control plans (NCCPs) are complex public health programs that incorporate evidence‐based cancer control strategies to improve health outcomes for all individuals in a country. Given the scope of NCCPs, small and vulnerable populations, such as patients with childhood cancer, are often missed. To support planning efforts, a rapid, modifiable tool was developed that estimates a context‐specific national budget to fund pediatric cancer programs, provides 5‐year scale‐up scenarios, and calculates annual cost‐effectiveness.

Methods

The tool was codeveloped by teams of policymakers, clinicians, and public health advocates in Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Uganda. The 11 costing categories included real‐world data, modeled data, and data from the literature. A base‐case and three 5‐year scale‐up scenarios were created using modifiable inputs. The cost‐effectiveness of the disability‐adjusted life years averted was calculated. Results were compared with each country’s projected gross domestic product per capita for 2022 through 2026.

Results

The number of patients/total budget for year 1 was 250/$1,109,366 for Zimbabwe, 280/$1,207,555 for Zambia, and 1000/$2,277,397 for Uganda. In year 5, these values were assumed to increase to 398/$5,545,445, 446/$4,926,150, and 1594/$9,059,331, respectively. Base‐case cost per disability‐adjusted life year averted/ratio to gross domestic product per capita for year 1, assuming 20% survival, was: $807/0.5 for Zimbabwe, $785/0.7 for Zambia, and $420/0.5 for Uganda.

Conclusions

This costing tool provided a framework to forecast a budget for childhood‐specific cancer services. By leveraging minimal primary data collection with existing secondary data, local teams obtained rapid results, ensuring that childhood cancer budgeting is not neglected once in every 5 to 6 years of planning processes.
Nickel Oxide Decorated MWCNTs Wrapped Polypyrrole: One Dimensional Ternary Nanocomposites for Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Bourenane Cherif Younes , Mekhalif Zineb , Abdous Slimane , Nedjar Linda , Mekki Ahmed , Bekkar Djelloul Sayah Zakaria , Rafai Souleymen
Published: December 2023

This study reports on a customized and revised approach to fabricate “nickel oxide decorated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) wrapped polypyrrole (PPy)” nanocomposite with enhanced room‐temperature thermoelectric (TE) properties. The nanocomposite is formed through three steps: MWCNTs functionalization via diazonium salt grafting of 5‐amino‐1,2,3‐benzene tricarboxylic acid; in situ generation on their surfaces of NiO nanoparticles with a homogenous distribution; the chemical polymerization of pyrrole using methyl orange as templating and dopant to wrap the MWCNTs‐(COOH)3‐NiO. Various techniques were used as characterization tools, including XRD, TEM, FTIR, Raman, TGA, XPS, and TE measurements. The PPy‐MWCNTs‐(COOH)3‐NiO nanocomposite exhibits significantly higher Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and power factor than PPy and PPy‐MWCNTs‐(COOH)3. The achieved enhancement in TE properties (figure of merit, ZTPPy‐MWCNTs‐(COOH)3‐NiO=1.51×10−2) is attributed to the presence of NiO, which acts as a dopant and improves the charge carrier density in the nanocomposite. These results offer the potential for waste heat recovery and large‐scale fabrication of high‐performance composites.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Precious Metals Sorption on Impregnated Lewatit VP OC 1026 from Chloride Solutions
Authors: Zinkowska Karolina , Hubicki Zbigniew , Wójcik Grzegorz
Published: December 2023

Precious metals are used in many branches of industries. Due to their rarity and diminishing natural resources, more and more new methods are being sought to recover them from secondary sources, which can be electronic waste or spent car exhaust converters. This paper presents the research on the recovery of precious metals from chloride solutions using the Aliquat 336‐impregnated Lewatit VP OC 1026 sorbent. The study used a warm impregnation method without toxic solvents, which is beneficial for the environment. The maximal sorption capacities obtained for model solutions in 0.1 M HCl were: 95.6 mg/g for gold, 38.2 mg/g for palladium, and 36.2 mg/g for platinum. There were studied: kinetics and thermodynamics of sorption, as well as amounts of the sorbent, effects of phase contact time and HCl concentration on the sorption of precious metals. Positive values of enthalpy change ΔH° validate that the process is endothermic. The research was also carried out on a real leaching solution obtained by digesting a spent catalytic converter, containing small amounts of platinum group metals. Desorption of precious metal ions was conducted using 1 M thiourea in 1 M hydrochloric acid. The obtained impregnated sorbent proved to be effective for sorption of Au(III), Pd(II), Pt(IV) ions.
How gender diversity in boards affects disclosure? A literature review
Authors: Centinaio Alessandra
Published: December 2023

A more gender‐balanced working environment is both a necessity and an opportunity for society. Women representation on corporate boards is among the most debated topics, and several legislative measures have recently been adopted to improve gender equality in boards. However, real progress requires firms to appoint women on boards not just as a matter of compliance. Thus, assessing the business implications of board gender diversity can support the adoption of new policies and prevent their reduction to mere tokenism. By applying a dynamic literature review method called ‘Systematic Literature Network Analysis’, this study provides an overview of the existing literature investigating the impact of board gender diversity on companies' level and quality of disclosure. Overall, researchers report a positive relationship. Some notable exceptions nevertheless call for further research to deepen our understanding of how enhanced gender equality in boards can improve corporate communication and transparency.
Preface to Special Issue on Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Macfarlane Douglas R. , Skúlason Egill , Hosono Hideo , Shao Minhua
Published: December 2023

In this Editorial, Guest Editors Douglas R. MacFarlane, Egill Skúlason, Hideo Hosono and Minhua Shao discuss the newly emerging field of electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) in the Special Issue of ChemSusChem on Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis.
Cognitive behavior therapy for adult eating disorders in routine clinical care: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Öst Lars‐Göran , Brattmyr Martin , Finnes Anna , Ghaderi Ata , Havnen Audun , Hedman‐Lagerlöf Maria , Parling Thomas , Welch Elisabeth , Wergeland Gro Janne
Published: December 2023

Objective

Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a recommended treatment for eating disorders (ED) in adults given its evidence, mainly based on efficacy studies. However, little is known about how CBT works in routine clinical care. The goal of the present meta‐analysis is to investigate how CBT works for various ED when carried out in routine clinical settings.

Method

Ovid MEDLINE, Embase OVID, and PsycINFO were systematically searched for articles published until June 2023. The outcome of CBT, methodological quality, risk of bias (RoB), and moderators of treatment outcome were examined and benchmarked by meta‐analytically comparing with efficacy studies for ED. Fifty studies comprising 4299 participants who received CBT were included.

Results

Large within‐group effect sizes (ES) were obtained for ED‐psychopathology at post‐treatment (1.12), and follow‐up (1.22), on average 9.9 months post‐treatment. Attrition rate was 25.5% and RoB was considerable in the majority of studies. The benchmarking analysis showed that effectiveness studies had very similar ESs as efficacy studies (1.20 at post‐treatment and 1.28 at follow‐up).

Conclusion

CBT for ED is an effective treatment when delivered in routine clinical care, with ESs comparable to those found in efficacy studies. However, the evidence needs to be interpreted with caution due to the RoB in a high proportion of studies.

Public Significance

Eating disorders are common in the population and often lead to multiple negative consequences. CBT has been found effective for ED and is recommended in clinical guidelines. Since these recommendations are primarily based on university studies we wanted to investigate how CBT performs in routine clinical care. Our meta‐analysis found that CBT worked as well in routine care as in university setting studies.
Antiretroviral therapy and HIV‐associated cardiovascular disease: a prospective cardiac biomarker and CMR tissue characterization study
Authors: Robbertse Pieter‐Paul S. , Doubell Anton F. , Esterhuizen Tonya M. , Herbst Philip G.
Published: December 2023

Aims

Biochemical markers are fundamental in cardiac evaluation, and various novel assays have recently been discovered. We prospectively evaluated the hearts of newly diagnosed people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) using cardiac biomarkers, compared them with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐uninfected controls, and correlated our prospective findings with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).

Methods and results

Newly diagnosed, antiretroviral therapy (ART)‐naïve PLWH were recruited along with HIV‐uninfected, age‐matched, and sex‐matched controls. All participants underwent measurement of high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs‐cTnT), N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), soluble ST2 (sST2), and galectin‐3, as well as a CMR study with multiparametric mapping. The HIV group started ART and was re‐evaluated 9 months later. The cardiac biomarkers and their correlation with CMR parameters were evaluated in and between groups. Compared with controls (n = 22), hs‐cTnT (4.0 vs. 5.1 ng/L; P = 0.004), NT‐proBNP (23.2 vs. 40.8 ng/L; P = 0.02), and galectin‐3 (6.8 vs. 9.0 ng/mL; P = 0.002) were all significantly higher in the ART‐naïve group (n = 73). After 9 months of ART, hs‐cTnT (5.1 vs. 4.3 ng/L; P = 0.02) and NT‐proBNP (40.8 vs. 28.5 ng/L; P = 0.03) both decreased significantly and a trend of decrease was seen in sST2 (16.5 vs. 14.8 ng/L; P = 0.08). Galectin‐3 did not demonstrate decrease over time (9.0 vs. 8.8 ng/mL; P = 0.6). The cardiac biomarkers that showed the best correlation with CMR measurements native T1, T2, and extracellular volume were NT‐proBNP (rs ≥ 0.4, P < 0.001) and galectin‐3 (rs ≥ 0.3, P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Our cardiac biomarker data support the presence of subclinical myocardial injury, remodelling, and fibrosis at HIV diagnosis, and ART had a positive influence on these blood markers. It remains unclear if the underlying pathological processes were fully addressed by ART. The ability of cardiac biomarkers to detect and track tissue abnormalities diagnosed with CMR showed promise. With additional research, this could lead to improvements in screening and monitoring myocardial abnormalities, even in CMR‐limited settings.
Sulfur‐Containing 1,2,3‐Triazoles: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Peng Lifen , Chen Jiayi , Chen Yi , Lu Hao , Okuda Yasuhiro , Tang Zilong , Orita Akihiro , Qiu Renhua , Yin Shuang‐Feng
Published: December 2023

Sulfur‐containing 1,2,3‐triazoles display bioactivities like antidepressant, antifungal activity, antitumor, etc. Numerous approaches have been established to form sulfur‐containing 1,2,3‐triazoles. 4‐Sulfanyl‐ and 5‐sulfanyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles were produced by metal‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (AAC), etc. N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles were generated via the reaction of acetylides with sulfonyl azides, CuAAC. 4‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles were produced through [3+2] cycloaddition and reaction of azide with bromovinylsulfonyl fluoride. Although 5‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles were formed successfully via RuAAC, their synthetic approaches were very limited. 1‐Phosphinyl‐2‐sulfanylethynes were suitable substances to access sulfur‐ and phosphorus‐containing triazoles. In this review, the synthesis and properties of sulfur‐containing 1,2,3‐triazoles were highlighted. Initially, the properties of organosulfurs, 1,2,3‐triazoles and sulfur‐containing 1,2,3‐triazoles were briefly introduced. After stating the general procedures to construct 1,2,3‐triazole skeleton, the synthetic approaches and properties of sulfur‐involved 1,2,3‐triazoles were sorted and described in details. According to different kinds of sulfur‐containing 1,2,3‐triazoles, synthetic methods and features of 4‐sulfanyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles, 5‐sulfanyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles, N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles, 4‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles, 5‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles, sulfur‐ and heteroatom‐containing 1,2,3‐triazoles were summarized.
Effect of sodium hypochlorite and ethylenediaminotetraacetic acid activated by laser and ultrasonic energy on surface morphology and chemical composition of intracanal dentin
Authors: Katunarić Adriana , Grgac Sandra Flinčec , Gabrić Dragana , Pavelić Božidar , Bago Ivona
Published: December 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate the structural and chemical changes in intracanal dentin after root canal irrigation with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) using additional activation with a novel Er:YAG Shock Wave‐Enhanced Emission Photoacoustic Streaming (SWEEPS), ultrasonic irrigation (UI), and Nd:YAG irradiation. Root canals of extracted human premolars were instrumented with distilled water and distributed into groups according to the irrigation protocol used: Group 1: conventional needle irrigation (CI) with 3% NaOCl; group 2: CI with 15% EDTA; and group 3: CI with NaOCl+EDTA. In group 4, root canals were irrigated with NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl using the following techniques: CI (group 4A), SWEEPS (group 4B), UI (group 4C). In group 4D, root canals were finally irradiated with Nd:YAG laser. After the irrigation, the intracanal dentin sample was collected and analyzed using spectroscope with a Fourier transformation of infrared spectrum in Attenuated total reflection technique (FTIR‐ATR) to calculate apatite/collagen ratio. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometry (EDS) were used to determine its chemical composition. FTIR‐ATR showed no significant difference in the phosphate/amid I ratio between the control and the experimental groups (p > 0.05). SWEEPS and UI of NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl caused the most pronounced decrease of Ca and P (p < 0.05) value compared to CI and control group, and canal wall erosion. SWEEPS and UI of NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl caused the most pronounced decrease of Ca and P value and significant canal wall erosion. However, no difference in phosphate/amide ratio was reported among groups.

Research Highlights

SWEEPS and UI of NaOCl+EDTA+NaOCl caused the most pronounced decrease of Ca and P values and significant canal wall erosion.

There was no difference in phosphate/amide ratio among the irrigation protocols.
Free Water MR Imaging of White Matter Microstructural Changes is a Sensitive Marker of Amyloid Positivity in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Sun Xuan , Zhao Cui , Chen Si‐Yu , Chang Yan , Han Yu‐Liang , Li Ke , Sun Hong‐Mei , Wang Zhen‐Fu , Liang Ying , Jia Jian‐Jun
Published: December 2023

Background

Extracellular free water (FW) resulting from white matter degeneration limits the sensitivity of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Purpose

To evaluate the sensitivity of FW‐DTI in detecting white matter microstructural changes in AD. To validate the effectiveness of FW‐DTI indices to predict amyloid‐beta (Aβ) positivity in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Thirty‐eight Aβ‐negative cognitively healthy (CH) controls (68.74 ± 8.28 years old, 55% female), 15 Aβ‐negative MCI patients (MCI‐n) (68.87 ± 8.83 years old, 60% female), 29 Aβ‐positive MCI patients (MCI‐p) (73.03 ± 7.05 years old, 52% female), and 29 Aβ‐positive AD patients (72.93 ± 9.11 years old, 55% female).

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0T; DTI, T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, T2 star‐weighted angiography, and Aβ PET (18F‐florbetaben or 11C‐PIB).

Assessment

FW‐corrected and standard diffusion indices were analyzed using trace‐based spatial statistics. Area under the curve (AUC) in distinguishing MCI subtypes were compared using support vector machine (SVM).

Statistical Tests

Chi‐squared test, one‐way analysis of covariance, general linear regression analyses, nonparametric permutation tests, partial Pearson's correlation, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and linear SVM. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Compared with CH/MCI‐n/MCI‐p, AD showed significant change in tissue compartment indices of FW‐DTI. No difference was found in the FW index among pair‐wise group comparisons (the minimum FWE‐corrected P = 0.114). There was a significant association between FW‐DTI indices and memory and visuospatial function. The SVM classifier with tissue radial diffusivity as an input feature had the best classification performance of MCI subtypes (AUC = 0.91), and the classifying accuracy of FW‐DTI was all over 89.89%.

Data Conclusion

FW‐DTI indices prove to be potential biomarkers of AD. The classification of MCI subtypes based on SVM and FW‐DTI indices has good accuracy and could help early diagnosis.

Evidence Level

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
mRNA‐HPV vaccine encoding E6 and E7 improves therapeutic potential for HPV‐mediated cancers via subcutaneous immunization
Authors: Lee Seonghyun , Yoon Hyunho , Hong Seol Hee , Kwon Sung Pil , Hong Jung Joo , Kwak Hye Won , Park Hyeong‐Jun , Yoo Soyeon , Bae Seo‐Hyeon , Park Hyo‐Jung , Lee Jisun , Bang Yoo‐Jin , Lee Yu‐Sun , Kim Jae‐Yong , Yoon Subin , Roh Gahyun , Cho Youngran , Kim Yongkwan , Kim Daegeun , Park Sang‐In , Kim Do‐Hyung , Lee Sowon , Oh Ayoung , Ha Dahyeon , Lee Soo‐Yeon , Park Misung , Hwang Eun‐Ha , Bae Gyuseo , Jeon Eunsu , Park Sung Hyun , Choi Won Seok , Oh Ho Rim , Kim In Woo , Youn Hyewon , Keum Gyochang , Bang Eun‐Kyoung , Rhee Joon Haeng , Lee Shee Eun , Nam Jae‐Hwan
Published: December 2023

The E6 and E7 proteins of specific subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV), including HPV 16 and 18, are highly associated with cervical cancer as they modulate cell cycle regulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential antitumor effects of a messenger RNA‐HPV therapeutic vaccine (mHTV) containing nononcogenic E6 and E7 proteins. To achieve this, C57BL/6j mice were injected with the vaccine via both intramuscular and subcutaneous routes, and the resulting effects were evaluated. mHTV immunization markedly induced robust T cell‐mediated immune responses and significantly suppressed tumor growth in both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor‐implanted mouse model, with a significant infiltration of immune cells into tumor tissues. Tumor retransplantation at day 62 postprimary vaccination completely halted progression in all mHTV‐treated mice. Furthermore, tumor expansion was significantly reduced upon TC‐1 transplantation 160 days after the last immunization. Immunization of rhesus monkeys with mHTV elicited promising immune responses. The immunogenicity of mHTV in nonhuman primates provides strong evidence for clinical application against HPV‐related cancers in humans. All data suggest that mHTV can be used as both a therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine.
Autoantibodies against angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) after COVID‐19 infection or vaccination
Authors: Tsoi James Yiu Hung , Cai Jianpiao , Situ Jianwen , Lam Winston Jim , Shun Estie Hon Kiu , Leung Joy Ka Yi , Chen Lin Lei , Chan Brian Pui Chun , Yeung Man Lung , Li Xin , Chan Kwok Hung , Wong Joshua Sung Chih , Kwan Mike Yat Wah , To Kelvin Kai Wang , Yuen Kwok Yung , Sridhar Siddharth
Published: December 2023

Autoantibodies against angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are frequently reported in patients during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) with evidence for a pathogenic role in severe infection. However, little is known of the prevalence or clinical significance of ACE2 autoantibodies in late convalescence or following COVID‐19 vaccination. In this study, we measured ACE2 autoantibodies in a cohort of 182 COVID‐19 convalescent patients, 186 COVID‐19 vaccine recipients, and 43 adolescents with post‐mRNA vaccine myopericarditis using two ACE2 enzymatic immunoassays (EIAs). ACE2 IgM autoantibody EIA median optical densities (ODs) were lower in convalescent patients than pre‐COVID‐19 control samples with only 2/182 (1.1%) convalescents testing positive. Similarly, only 3/182 (1.6%) convalescent patients tested positive for ACE2 IgG, but patients with history of moderate‐severe COVID‐19 tended to have significantly higher median ODs than controls and mild COVID‐19 patients. In contrast, ACE2 IgG antibodies were detected in 10/186 (5.4%) COVID‐19 vaccine recipients after two doses of vaccination. Median ACE2 IgG EIA ODs of vaccine recipients were higher than controls irrespective of the vaccine platform used (inactivated or mRNA). ACE2 IgG ODs were not correlated with surrogate neutralizing antibody levels in vaccine recipients. ACE2 IgG levels peaked at day 56 post‐first dose and declined within 12 months to baseline levels in vaccine recipients. Presence of ACE2 antibodies was not associated with adverse events following immunization including myopericarditis. One convalescent patient with ACE2 IgG developed Guillain−Barre syndrome, but causality was not established. ACE2 autoantibodies are observed in COVID‐19 vaccine recipients and convalescent patients, but are likely innocuous.
How trace plots help interpret meta‐analysis results
Authors: Röver Christian , Rindskopf David , Friede Tim
Published: December 2023

The trace plot is seldom used in meta‐analysis, yet it is a very informative plot. In this article, we define and illustrate what the trace plot is, and discuss why it is important. The Bayesian version of the plot combines the posterior density of , the between‐study standard deviation, and the shrunken estimates of the study effects as a function of . With a small or moderate number of studies, is not estimated with much precision, and parameter estimates and shrunken study effect estimates can vary widely depending on the correct value of . The trace plot allows visualization of the sensitivity to along with a plot that shows which values of are plausible and which are implausible. A comparable frequentist or empirical Bayes version provides similar results. The concepts are illustrated using examples in meta‐analysis and meta‐regression; implementation inRis facilitated in a Bayesian or frequentist framework using thebayesmetaandmetaforpackages, respectively.
Does the relationship between affect and social interactions among adults experiencing homelessness differ during moments when at a shelter versus not?
Authors: Gajos Jamie M. , Oliver Jason A. , Hébert Emily T. , Walters Scott T. , Businelle Michael S.
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of alcohol‐use disorders is higher amongst adults experiencing homelessness (AEH) compared with domiciled adults. Greater exposure to heavy drinkers increases personal risk for heavy alcohol use. AEH spend substantial periods of time at shelters and report greater pressure to use alcohol when near shelter locations, as well as greater negative affect when near a shelter. It is unclear if the relationship between affect and (1) interacting with people and (2) being near someone AEH drank alcohol with before differs when AEH are at a shelter versus not. AEH reporting alcohol misuse (n = 72, Mage = 47, 85% male, 68% non‐White) completed five daily smartphone‐based ecological momentary assessments over 28 days. Generalized multilevel modeling revealed that when AEH were interacting with someone they drank with before, they had significantly lower positive affect when at a shelter (b = −0.17, p = 0.05) versus when not (b = 0.00, p = 0.99). AEH are likely to interact with previous drinking partners while at shelters. It may be important to deliver real‐time treatment messages targeting affect in these moments, as well as deliver alcohol reduction/abstinence messages.
Analyzing entheseal changes in commingled human remains from Mesolithic and Neolithic periods in Portugal
Authors: Mazza Bárbara , Silva Ana María
Published: December 2023

The analysis of entheseal changes requires knowing the biological profile of the sample analyzed, given that, mainly, the sex and age of the individuals influence the prevalence and degrees of the entheseal features. However, the bioarcheological record of several past populations presents isolated and commingled human bone remains, which constrains the estimation of such data. In this work, we propose to analyze the entheseal changes with the Coimbra method in a sample composed mainly of commingled human bone remains and, to a lesser extent, of semi‐complete individuals. For this purpose, we analyzed 312 bone elements from the upper and lower limbs of Late Mesolithic (Muge complex) and Late Neolithic/Chalcolithic archeological sites from Portugal. The results support previous information that individuals older than 40 present higher entheseal changes. In addition, body size has a low effect on entheseal changes and bone's biomechanical properties are positively correlated with some entheseal features. Some entheseal traits show higher prevalence during the Mesolithic, but there is mainly an increase in entheseal changes during the Neolithic. Although these differences could be due to different biological profiles between both samples, differences in lifestyle may also have contributed to the results.
Synthesis of core–shell ZnO nanoparticles and their effect on mechanical and antibacterial properties for PLLA/ZnO nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Zhilin , Chen Xunwei , Ling Wei , Wang Meng , Qiu Biwei , Shi Jiangao
Published: December 2023

To overcome the inherent brittleness of renewable poly(l‐lactide) acid (PLLA) and enable it for use in a wide application, we successfully synthesized the toughening agent of ZnO nanoparticles grafted by poly(caprolactone‐co‐d‐lactide) (ZnO‐g‐PCLDLA) via sequential open‐loop polymerization. First, ZnO was silanized to produce hydroxyl groups on the surface of the nanoparticles. Initiated by hydroxyl groups on the ZnO core, the rubbery PCLDLA composed of caprolactone‐d‐lactide co‐polymeric segments and d‐lactide homo‐polymeric segments was successively polymerized, forming ZnO core–shell nanoparticles. PLLA/ZnO‐g‐PCLDLA nanocomposites were prepared by solution blending. The nanocomposites with 10 wt% ZnO‐g‐PCLDLA exhibited superior ductility, whose elongation at break was about 54 times higher than that of neat PLLA. This considerable increment of toughness was attributed to the rubbery shell of PCLDLA and the enhanced interfacial interaction from the interfacial stereocomplex crystallites, formed by co‐crystallization of the PLLA matrix and d‐lactide homo‐polymeric segments of the PCLDLA shell on ZnO. The PLLA/ZnO‐g‐ PCLDLA nanocomposite films possessed outstanding antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Positive ZnO produces an electrostatic force to interact with the negatively charged membrane of bacteria, thereby damaging the cell membrane and achieving significant antibacterial effects.

Highlights

ZnO‐g‐PCLDLA core–shell nanoparticles were constructed by sequential ROP.

The ZnO core provided high rigidity and antimicrobial properties.

The rubbery PCLDLA shell provided high elasticity and ductility.

Interfacial interaction was greatly enhanced by the SC crystallites.

The PLLA nanocomposite films exhibited outstanding antimicrobial activity.
The effects of poly(ethylene glycol) grafting density on the extensional solution flows of high molecular weight polyacrylamide
Authors: Linscott Adam , Zhu Rene , Hong Lauren , Castellanos Madison , Morozova Svetlana
Published: December 2023

Controlling the extensional rheological properties of solutions is of great interest for a number of applications, such as printing and coatings, as polymeric additives can modify a fluid's droplet size, formation, and breakup. We have measured the extensional flows of polyacrylamide graft poly(ethylene glycol) amine (PAM‐g‐PEGa) solutions as a function of grafting density. PAM‐g‐PEGa is synthesized with grafting densities of 2.5%, 5.5%, 8%, and 30% and extensional flow was analyzed with drop‐on‐substrate rheology. Flow time scales and profiles are then compared to understand the effects of backbone extension from the addition of side chains. At low grafting densities, the viscous friction from the added side chains is comparable to, and in some cases, counteracts the losses in extensibility to the graft polymer's backbone, leading to increases in the relaxation time of the polymer. At higher grafting densities, the extension of the backbone reduces the relaxation time. By characterizing the effects of the graft density architecture on extensional flows, we are able to fine‐tune and control the breakup dynamics of elastic solutions.