bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial regression analysis for discovering quality living index (QLI) in Asia
Authors: Sumardi Devina Gilar Fitri Ayu , Purwaningsih Tuti
Published: January 2019

The quality of life that is synonymous with welfare lately much discussed. Survival or quality of life is an important issue in the economy and political knowledge. Quality of life describes the achievement of an ideal human life or in accordance with the desired. The quality of life index (IKH) provides a comprehensive ranking of the quality of life of a society in a country around the world. According to katadata news and research in 2016, the quality of life in 5 Southeast Asian countries is ranked lowest. The research finds that there are regional imbalances based on the indices of quality of life in 2018. Therefore, countries in Southeast Asia need to be genjotic in all areas to boost contributions to the quality of life in the country, as Dominic Volek, Southeast Asia chief in Henley & Partners Singapore. In this study we use the data from numbeo.com to see the value of quality indices in Asia in 2018 with various supporting indicators such as purchasing power index, security index, health care index, cost of living index, property price to income ratio, time index travel traffic, pollution index, and climate index. Where this study aims to determine how much influence the indicators that have been determined to calculate the CPI, knowing the best spatial regression model that can be used and determine whether there is asi gap in the region of Asia. The results of this study hope can be useful information for the community and a reference to make policy by the state officials in the field, but it can be a research material that can be developed again to see the difference and development of quality of life index in each country in Asia next year.
Fundamentos del concepto de guerra generalizada en la Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional (o el influjo de Von Clausewitz y de Ludendorf en Iberoamérica)
Authors: Rivas Nieto Pedro
Published: January 2019

En este artículo se estudia un concepto esencial para la organización de la Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional: la guerra generalizada. El concepto se construyó a partir de la síntesis de otros previos: la guerra absoluta de Von Clausewitz, la guerra total de Eric Ludendorff y la guerra atómica de los años más duros de la Guerra Fría. En el artículo se estudia la confusa naturaleza que aquellos términos tenían, los errores teóricos de quienes orquestaron la Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional, la valoración desmedida de los estudiosos clásicos de la guerra y la interpretación forzada de la realidad política y social del momento, que justificó ciertos excesos de los regímenes de Seguridad Nacional.
Keterampilan Komunikasi Yang Dibutuhkan Pasar Kerja Bidang Akuntansi: Studi Iklan Lowongan Kerja
Authors: Wahyuni Luh Mei , Ambara Jaya I Made Sura , Suarta I Made
Published: January 2019

Kemampuan komunikasi merupakan salah satu kunci keberhasilan lulusan dalam memasuki duniakerja. Penyiapan program kurikuler untuk mengembangkan keterampilan komunikasi mahasiswa haruslahberangkat dari analisis kebutuhan pasar kerja. Penelitian ini bermaksud mengidentifikasi atribut-atributketerampilan komunikasi yang diperlukan oleh pasar kerja bidang akuntansi. Penelitian dilakukan denganmenganalisis isi iklan lowongan kerja, terutama terkait atribut-atribut keterampilan komunikasi yang menjadipersyaratan dalam iklan lowongan kerja. Sumber utama data penelitian adalah iklan lowongan kerja yang dimuat pada media on-line atau iklan lowongan kerja on-line dalam kurun waktu Maret 2018–Juni 2018. Jumlah iklan lowongan kerja yang dianalisis selama periode penelitian mencapai 200 iklan. Terdapat sebanyak 148 kata,gabungan kata atau frasa keterampilan komunikasi yang berhasil diidentifikasi, dengan jumlah frekuensikemunculan mencapai 286 kali. Verbal and written communication skills, emotion self-control, interpersonalskills, providing performance feedback, initiating open discussion, providing motivation, convincingpresentations, dan being a change catalyst merupakan kata-kata kunci keterampilan komunikasi yangkemunculannya lebih dari sepuluh kali. Sebagian besar dari atribut-atribut tersebut termasuk dalam kelompokketerampilan komunikasi interpersonal.
PEMBELAJARAN UNIK PADA ANAK YANG MEMILIKI KECERDASAN VISUAL SPASIAL YANG MENGALAMI KESULITAN BELAJAR
Authors: Syafrudin Ulwan , Edwita Edwita , Sarkadi Sarkadi
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar tetapi memiliki kelebihan yakni kecerdasan visual spasial yang telah dibuktikan dengan angket multiple intelligence. Maka tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana siswa belajar yang memiliki kecerdasan visual spasial yang mengalami kesulitan belajar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SDIT Harapan Ummat yang terletak di Jalan Ksatrian X  kecamatan Matraman Jakarta Timur. peneliti melakukan penelitian pada salah satu siswa di kelas IV B Muzdalifah pada rentang waktu bulan maret sampai bulan juni 2018. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, metode deskriptif merupakan metode peneltian yang berusaha menggambarkan dan menginterpretasikan objek sesuai dengan apa adanya.  Berdasarkan hasil temuan Pembelajaran pada anak yang memiliki kecerdasan visual spasial di SDIT Harapan Ummat Jakarta menggunakan kurikulum 2013 tetapi disesuaikan dengan kemampuan dan ketidak mampuan anak dengan memperhatikan diferensiasi masing-masing individu. Pada pelaksanaan pembelajaran ini meliputi beberapa tahap yakni : (1) Kegiatan Awal, (2) Kegiatan Inti, (3) Kegiatan Akhir. Dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulka strategi guru dalam mengajar pada siswa yang mengalami kesulitan belajar yang memiliki kecerdasan visual spasial adalah Mind Mapp dan Movie Learning.
OPTIMALISASI PERAN DEWAN PENGAWAS SYARIAH (DPS) PADA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Gagarin Gary
Published: January 2019

Abstrak

In Sharia Financial Institute, especially sharia insurance has Sharia Supervisory Board to provide supervisor and ensure that practice of Sharia Financial Institute is in line with sharia principles. In practice, the role of Sharia Supervisory Board not optimal and still weak performing their duties, so that impact to the development of sharia insurance. On that basis the role of Sharia Supervisory Board should be optimized to promote sharia industri in indonesia because provision about Sharia Supervisory Board have been regulated in many regulation. This article to analyze the problem faced Sharia Supervisory Board and found a solution to optimum role of Sharia Supervisory Board.

Keywords : Sharia Insurance and Sharia Supervisory Board

 

Pada suatu Lembaga Keuangan Syariah, khususnya asuransi syariah memiliki Dewan Pengawas Syariah (DPS) yang berfungsi untuk memberikan pengawasan dan memastikan bahwa usaha yang dijalankan suatu tersebut sudah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. Dalam praktiknya, peran DPS ini belum optimal dan masih lemah dalam menjalankan tugasnya sehingga berdampak pada perkembangan asuransi syariah. Atas dasar tersebut peran dari DPS sudah seharusnya dapat dioptimalisasi untuk memajukan industri asuransi syariah di Indonesia karena ketentuan mengenai DPS sudah diatur sedemikian rupa di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh DPS dan menemukan solusi untuk mengoptimalisasi peran dari DPS.

Kata Kunci : Asuransi Syariah dan Optimalisasi Dewan Pengawas Syariah
Konsep Keadilan Pada Kasus Cerai Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil
Authors: Saputera Abd. rahman Adi
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan Problematika Cerai Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil dengan melakukan Studi Pandangan Hakim di Pengadilan Agama Gorontalo dengan analisa dari sudut konsep keadilan, sedangkan Fokus Penelitian mencakup: (1). Mengapa hakim Pengadilan Agama Gorontalo memberikan putusan cerai bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang tidak menyertai izin atasan, (2). Kendala-kendala apa saja yang terdapat dalam proses pelaksanaan pemberian putusan hakim terhadap perkara perceraian bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Pengadilan Agama Gorontalo perspektif konsep keadilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum empiris, yang kemudian pendekatan kualitatif, dengan menggunakan sumber Data Primer yaitu para Hakim di Pengadilan Agama Gorontalo, dan diperkuat Data Sekunder berupa kajian teori yang relevan dengan konteks permasalahan.

Hasil dari Penelitian ini dapat menunjukkan bahwa Alasan Hakim memberikan putusan bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang bercerai tanpa izin Atasan karena: Prinsip Fungsi putusan Pengadilan adalah untuk melindungi dalam mewujudkan keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia, Peradilan dilakukan demi Keadilan Berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa, Prinsip kemandirian hakim, bahwa kekuasaan kehakiman adalah kekuasaan negara yang merdeka, Prinsip pengadilan tidak boleh menolak perkara, Hakim wajib menggali, mengikuti dan memahami nilai hukum dan rasa keadilan yang hidup dalam masyarakat.

Bagi para pelaku perceraian baik dari pemohon yang berstatus sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil maupun Non Pegawai Negeri Sipil, di harapkan untuk benar-benar memahami dan mengetahui implikasi (akibat hukum), bagi tindak pelanggaran, berupa tidak memenuhi persyaratan dan prosedural perceraian, misalnya bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang akan melakukan perceraian dan tidak melampirkan izin dari atasannya.
Problematika Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (PERPPU) No. 02 Tahun 2017 Tentang Organisasi Kemasyarakatan
Authors: Salim Choirus
Published: January 2019

sebelum Perppu Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 Tentang Organisasi Kemasyarakatan disahkan menjadi UU Nomor 6 Tahun 2017 terjadi pro kontra berkaitan dengan isi muatan Perppu tersebut. Kita ketahui bahwa Perppu Nomer 2 Tahun 2017  disahkan menjadi undang-undang melalui mekanisme voting. Ada tujuh fraksi partai politik yang menerima Perppu Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 Tentang Ormas yang dirapatkan sebagai undang-undang yaitu fraksi PPP, PDI-P, Golkar, PKB,Hanura, Demokrat, dan Nasdem. Namun Fraksi Demokrat, PPP dan PKB menerima secara bersyarat Perppu tersebut, yakni mengharuskan supaya DPR dan Pemerintah segera melakukan revisi Perppu yang baru saja disetujui menjadi Undang-undang itu. Setelah dikeluarkannya Perppu No. 2 Tahun 2017 dan dibubarkannya HTI, terjadi perlawanan hukum dengan mengajukan judial review oleh beberapa  Organisasi Masyarakat seperti Front Pembela Islam (FPI), Dewa Dakwah Islamiyah (DDI), Perkumpulan Hidayatullah dan Pemuda Indonesia serta HTI sendiri yang lebih dahulu mengajukan judial review ke Mahkamah Konstitus. Dari beberapa uraian di atas, pro kontra berkenaan dengan Perppu No. 2 Tahun 2017 Tentang Ormas juga terjadi pada Organisasi-Organisasi Islam di Kota Metro.
Zygmunt Bauman: Strangers at Our Door
Authors: Medová Nikola
Published: January 2019

Refugees from the violence of wars and the brutality of famished lives haveknocked on other people's doors since the beginning of time. For thepeople behind the doors, these uninvited guests were always strangers,and strangers tend to generate fear and anxiety precisely because they areunknown. Today we find ourselves confronted with an extreme form of thishistorical dynamic, as our TV screens and newspapers are filled withaccounts of a 'migration crisis', ostensibly overwhelming Europe andportending the collapse of our way of life. This anxious debate has givenrise to a veritable 'moral panic' - a feeling of fear spreading among a largenumber of people that some evil threatens the well-being of society.
Industrial cooperation as a vector for further development of the market and support to domestic manufacturers
Authors: Shelgunov A. V.
Published: January 2019

Subject: the problem of industry cooperation.

Objectives: analysis of the main problems and prospects of industrial cooperation.

Materials and methods: production cooperation allows you to combine the efforts of individual industrial enterprises to implement large-scale projects that are not feasible with the efforts of one enterprise. With the collapse of the USSR, many plants lost their cooperation ties, which, on the one hand, led to the need for their own production, which meant independence and the possibility of creating additional jobs. The main forms of sectoral cooperation are described. It is indicated that the development of the direction of cooperation as a subcontracting will be the most interesting for small and medium-sized businesses, as it gives small businesses the opportunity to move from the simplest value-added schemes to their own industrial production, and large ones to reduce costs and focus all attention on the production of basic products. Describes the stage of entry into industrial cooperation. It is noted that joint cooperation activities involve the disclosure of certain information that is the property of a party, from which there is a clear requirement in the legal protection of their rights. Attention is drawn to the need to further improve the regulatory framework and mechanisms for the involvement of small and medium-sized manufacturing business in the technological chains of large enterprises.

Results: In advanced countries, the production cooperation of small businesses with large enterprises is well developed. In connection with the above, the project of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation “Register of reliable partners” is an effective tool that will facilitate the way for small and medium-sized enterprises to enter into partnership programs.

Conclusions: the need to support small businesses with their small-scale production. The Association of Power and Energy Equipment Manufacturers should unite representatives of small and large businesses in the field of energy and power equipment and become a guarantor for the state about the reliability of its members.
Pemanfaatan Open Jurnal System (OJS) Untuk Pengelolaan Jurnal Lumbung di Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh
Authors: Amrizal Amrizal
Published: January 2019

Open Journal System atau OJS adalah sebuah Content Management System berbasis web yang khusus dibuat untuk menangani keseluruhan prosesmanajemen publikasi ilmiah dari proses call for paper, peer review, hingga penerbitan dalam bentuk online. Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh memiliki satu jurnal yaitu LUMBUNG yang dikelola oleh  Pusat Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (P3M). Jurnal Lumbung diterbitkan dalam edisi cetak karena belum memiliki system untuk publikasi secara online. Kelemahan dari sistem penerbitan yang masih manual ini bisa diatasi dengan mengimplemtasikan sistem penerbitan secara elektronik menggunakan Open Jurnal System (OJS) yang bisa dikelola dan diakses secara online. Penerbitan jurnal menggunakan OJS mesti mengacu kepada standar operasional prosedur (SOP) pada OJS yang sudah ditetapakan dimana beberapa aktor yang terlibat didalam penernbnitan jurnal pada system OJS diaantaranya adalah Manager Jurnal, Editor, Author dan Reviewer.
ТЕПЛОФІЗИЧНІ ВЛАСТИВОСТІ ГОЛОВОК КАПУСТИ ЦВІТНОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД УМОВ ВЕГЕТАЦІЙНОГО ПЕРІОДУ
Authors: Pusik L. M. , Gaevaya L. O.
Published: January 2019

Мета. Дослідити теплофізичні властивості головок капусти цвітної залежно від умов вегетаційного періоду та від особливостей гібрида. Методи. Загальнонаукові: 1. метод гіпотез – складання схем дослідів; 2. метод експерименту – схеми польових і лабораторних дослідів; 3. метод аналізу та синтезу – формування висновків і узагальнень, розрахунково-аналітичні. Результати. Встановлено, що особливість гібрида капусти цвітної ранньостиглої впливає на теплофізичні властивості маси продукції на 8‑15 %, умови вегетаційного періоду – на 76‑87 %, сумісна дія факторів становить 1‑3 %, інших факторів – 2‑6 %. Особливість гібрида капусти цвітної пізньостиглої впливає на теплофізичні властивості маси продукції на 30–75 %. Більші значення теплообмінних характеристик продукції серед досліджуваних ранньостиглих гібридів капусти цвітної – у Опал F1, пізньостиглих – у Каспер F1. За ентальпією ранньостиглі гібриди капусти цвітної неістотно відрізнялися один від одного. Упродовж років досліджень цей показник був на рівні 89,28–106,74 кДж/кг, в середньому за роки досліджень – 96,48–96,93 кДж/кг залежно від гібрида. Ентальпія головок пізньостиглих гібридів капусти цвітної упродовж 2015–2017 рр. була в межах 53,65–83,09 кДж/кг залежно від гібрида. Різниця між гібридами була істотною. Висновки. Питома теплоємність ранньостиглих гібридів капусти цвітної становила 3,74–3,95 кДж/кг.оС, теплопровідність – 1,75 Вт/м.оС, температуропровідність – 4,38–4,44.10-4 м2/с. Питома теплоємність головок пізньостиглих гібридів капусти цвітної коливалася в межах 3,77–3,95 кДж/кг.оС. Гібриди істотно різнилися між собою за теплопровідністю, у середньому за роки досліджень вона становила 1,74‑1,77 Вт/м.оС. Температуропровідність маси продукції гібрида Скайвокер F1 істотно перевищувала показники інших гібридів і становила 4,48.10-4 м2/с. Більші значення теплообмінних характеристик продукції серед досліджуваних ранньостиглих гібридів капусти цвітної – у Опал F1, пізньостиглих – у Каспер F1
KAJIAN YURIDIS PENETAPAN SANKSI DI BAWAH SANKSI MINIMUM DALAM PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOTIKA
Authors: Nurdin M.
Published: January 2019

Tindak pidana narkotika merupakan salah satu pidana khusus dalam bentuk extra ordinary crime. Pengaturan hukum tindak pidana narkotika diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika, dimana di dalamnya mengatur tentang ancaman pidana minimum. Hal ini dapat dilihat dalam Pasal 114 ayat (1) Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika. Dalam Pasal tersebut terdapat pertentangan apa yang seharusnya dipertimbangkan oleh hakim dalam mengambil keputusan dalam hal penerapan pidana dengan ancaman pidana minimum tersebut. Adapun permasalahan yang dikaji yaitu bagaimanakah pengaturan sanksi tindak pidana narkotika dikaitkan dengan sanksi di bawah sanksi minimum. Dan, bagaimanakah konsekuensi hukum terhadap putusan hakim yang memutuskan perkara pidana narkotika dengan sanksi di bawah minimum. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif  yaitu metode penelitian kepustakaan dengan mengelusuri data sekunder
Crohn Hastalığında Gelişen Komplikasyonlara Göre Değişen Tıbbi Beslenme Tedavisi: Bir Olgu Sunumu
Authors: Tümer Güzin
Published: January 2019

İnflamatuvar bağırsak hastalıkları (İBH), iki temel formuyla Crohn hastalığı (CH) ve Ülseratif Kolit (ÜK) olup gastrointestinal sistemde kronik, tekrarlayıcı inflamasyona neden olurlar. Bu hastalıklar genetik yatkınlık, çevresel ve immünolojik etmenlerin bir araya gelmesi sonucu, gastrointestinal florayı, barsağın tüm katmanlarını etkileyen, uyumsuz immün yanıtların tetiklendiği inflamatuvar olaylar dizisidir. CH ağız, özefagus, mide, bağırsak ve anüse kadar olan bölgede inflamatuvar aktivitelerle mukozayı etkilerken, ÜK yalnızca kolonik mukozayı etkiler. CH’ın etiyopatogenezi tam olarak anlaşılmamakla birlikte çevresel etmenlerden, sigara, enfeksiyon, apendektomi, emzirme süresi, beslenme alışkanlıkları, ilaçlar, sosyoekonomik etmenler ve stresle ilişkilidir. Bağışıklık sistemde önemli rol oynayan gen mutasyonunun otoimmün hastalıklara ve İBH’a neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Genellikle 15-30 yaş arası görülen CH, fistül, bağırsak tıkanıklığı ve karın içi abse gibi ciddi komplikasyonlar oluşturmaktadır. Hastaneye yatan CH’da %75 beslenme yetersizliği ve ağır mikrobesin ögesi kayıpları görülür, özellikle emilim bozukluğu, intestinal kayıplar, besin metabolizmasındaki değişiklikler, inflamasyon şiddeti, bulantı, kusma, karın ağrısına bağlı tüketimin azalması/gereksinmenin artması, steroidlerin vitamin ve minerallere olumsuz etkisi, GI’in tutulum yeri, hastalıklı barsağın uzunluğu, rezeke edilmesi ve yine hastalığın alevlenme süresi/sıklığı, beslenme yetersizliğine, protein, vitamin, mineral, eser element kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. CH’ın beslenme tedavisi remisyon ve aktif döneme, gelişen komplikasyonlara göre, cerrahi öncesi ve sonrasında değişkenlik arz eder ve dinamik bir süreçtir. Beslenme tedavisinin amacı atakları azaltmak, aktif dönemde vücut bileşimini korumak, makro ve mikrobesin ögeleri kayıplarını önlemek ve yerine koymak, yaşam kalitesini arttırmak olmalıdır. Bu makalede CH tanısı alan bir hastanın gelişen komplikasyonlara göre farklı beslenme tedavi stratejilerinin gerçekleştirildiği olgu tartışılmaktadır.
Omega-3 Uzun Zincirli Çoklu Doymamış Yağ Asitleri ve Fenilketonüri
Authors: Caferoğlu Zeynep , Gökmen Özel Hülya
Published: January 2019

Beyin, retina ve diğer sinir dokuları uzun zincirli çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinden (UZÇDYA) zengindir. Birçok klinik ve epidemiyolojik çalışma ile omega-3 UZÇDYA’ların çocukluk çağındaki nöral gelişim üzerine olumlu etkileri olduğu kanıtlanmıştır. Uzun zincirli ÇDYA’lar, diyetle alımları yeterli olduğu sürece temel elzem yağ asitlerinden endojen olarak sentezlenebilirler. Aynı zamanda, et, balık, yumurta, karaciğer ve süt ürünleri gibi proteinden zengin besinler eikosapentaenoik asit (EPA) ve dokosaheksaenoik asit (DHA) gibi UZÇDYA’ların en belirgin diyetsel kaynaklarıdır. Bununla birlikte, klasik fenilketonürili (FKÜ) hastalar yüksek plazma fenilalanin konsantrasyonları ve nörolojik hasarı önlemek için diyet protein alımında sıkı ve ömür boyu süren bir sınırlamaya ihtiyaç duyarlar. Bu katı metabolik kontrol sadece düşük miktarda vitamin ve mineral sağlamakla kalmaz, genellikle doymuş yağ asitleri ve ÇDYA’ların da düşük miktarda alınmasına neden olur. Bu nedenle, FKÜ’lü hastalar sağlıklı kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında UZÇDYA alımları daha az olmakta ve daha düşük plazma ve eritrosit UZÇDYA konsantrasyonlarına sahip olmaktadırlar. Bebeklik ve çocukluk döneminde, UZÇDYA’lar normal nörogelişim için önemlidir. Yetersizliği, okul öncesi ve okul çağındaki FKÜ’lü çocuklarda erken dönemde saptanabilen merkezi sinir sistemi işlev bozukluklarına katkıda bulunabilir. Ayrıca, UZÇDYA yetersizliğinin kronik nörolojik, inflamatuvar ve metabolik bozukluklara neden olabileceği de ileri sürülmektedir. Diğer taraftan, randomize kontrollü çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler, FKÜ’lü hastalardaki UZÇDYA durumunun diyet takviyesi ile iyileştirilebileceğini önermektedir. Bu derleme yazıda, fenilalaninden kısıtlı diyetler ile UZÇDYA arasındaki ilişki incelenmiş ve FKÜ’lü hastalar için UZÇDYA’ların önemi ele alınmıştır.
استخدام الشبكات العصبية لأغراض التمييز
Authors: دخيل طاهر ريسان
Published: January 2019

يعد اسلوب التمييز بين المجموعات من الاساليب الشائعة الاستخدام وذلك لكثرة الظواهر التطبيقية التي يمكن ان يتم تحليلها من خلال هذا الاسلوب، وهناك العديد من الطرائق التي يمكن ان تستخدم لهذا الغرض، مثل الدالة التمييزية الخطية، والتربيعية، وفي الفترة الاخيرة برز استخدام الشبكات العصبية Neural Networks كأداة للتمييز بين المجموعات .

وفي بحثنا هذا تم استخدام المحاكاة لغرض المقارنة بين طريقة الشبكات العصبية والطريقة التقليدية لتصنيف المشاهدات الى المجموعة التي تنتمي اليها وذلك في حالة كون بعض المتغيرات تتوزع توزيعاً غير التوزيع الطبيعي وذلك لمعرفة افضلية الطريقتين المستخدمتين . وقد تم استخدام معيار نسبة المشاهدات المصنفة خطئا" الى مجموع المشاهدات الكلي كمعيار للمقارنة بين الطريقتين .
جدلية تنظير العلاقة بين الجماعية والتعاون	في إطار نظرية المنظمة
Authors: حمود العنزي سعد علي , ثابت زياد كاظم
Published: January 2019

أشارت الجهود المعرفية السابقة إلى وجود اهتمام متزايد بالجماعات (Groups) على أساس أنها اللبنات الأساسية لقيام المنظمات. وقد فرض تعدد المنظمات في المجتمعات المعاصرة وتباينها من حيث أهدافها وطبيعة نشاطها، تجزئة فعالياتها إلى تخصصات عدة على وفق إطار تقسيم العمل، وبما أدى إلى تقسيم الأفراد العاملين إلى جماعات مختلفة في أدائها وأحجامها وشكلها، والتي تعمل جميعها لتحقيق هدف  تلك المنظمات الذي قامت من اجله، مما يحقق لها البقاء والتقدم في وسط بيئة تتصف بالتغيير السريع. ولعل ابرز ما يشغل الباحثين والممارسين والدارسين للجماعات، هو تحقيق التناسق والتكامل داخلها، ومن أبرز أشكال التناسق والتناغم بين أفراد الجماعة الواحدة هو التعاون (Cooperation) ولقد عدَ (Barnard  1938) وهو أحد أوائل المنظرين في مجال التنظيم الحديث، التعاون شيئاً مهماً جداً لبقاء الوحدة الاجتماعية مستمرة في تلك الوحدة التي يرفع أعضاؤها بعضهم البعض للسلوك التعاوني. وهنالك منظرون آخرون تأثروا بـ Barnard)) أمثال  (March & Simon)و (Thomson)، أدخلوا فيما بعد آراء مماثلة لارائه، وبالنتيجة صار التعاون مفهوماً أساسياًً في علم المنظمة والسلوك التنظيمي (Wagner,  1995). وعلى الرغم من الأهمية الكبيرة للتعاون، إلا أن المرء ينظر من خارج علم المنظمة ليجد سيلاً كبيراً من النظريات والبحوث والدراسات التي تتعلق بالتعاون بين أنواع الجماعات في منظمات الأعمال المعاصرة. فقد قام الباحثون في مجال الاقتصاد، وعلم النفس الاجتماعي بدراسة الأنماط السلوكية التي سميت "بالتطفل"Free–Riding) ) "والتواكل" Loafing Social)) أو الاعتمادية على الغير (Wagner, 1995)، وسعت بدورها إلى تحديد العوامل التي تعيق ميول الأفراد نحو التعاون. وفي مجال آخر من البحوث علقّ عدد من علماء الاجتماع على الميول الفردية للعديد من النظريات الحالية بشأن التعاون الاجتماعي والسلوك الإنساني، وأتجه بعضهم للقول إلى أن وجود الميول المتجهة نحو الجماعية قد تحفز التعاون بطرائق لم يجرِ تصورها في معظم البحوث، ومن هذا المنطلق، يجد الباحثان أنفسهما أمام أهمية دراسة مدخل الجماعية وأثره في تعاون الأفراد والجماعات داخل المنظمات، ومن أبرز ما وجداه مهماً هو هذا المدخل الذي يقود الفرد العامل في جماعة ما إلى تحديد سلوكياته داخلها، ومن ثم فأن اتجاهاته تؤثر في سلوكياته نحو التعاون مع أقرانه في الجماعة، أو عدم التعاون معهم.
Cancer statistics, 2019
Authors: Siegel Rebecca L. , Miller Kimberly D. , Jemal Ahmedin
Published: January 2019

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2015, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2016, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2019, 1,762,450 new cancer cases and 606,880 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the cancer incidence rate (2006‐2015) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% per year in men, whereas the cancer death rate (2007‐2016) declined annually by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively. The overall cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2016 by a total of 27%, translating into approximately 2,629,200 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Although the racial gap in cancer mortality is slowly narrowing, socioeconomic inequalities are widening, with the most notable gaps for the most preventable cancers. For example, compared with the most affluent counties, mortality rates in the poorest counties were 2‐fold higher for cervical cancer and 40% higher for male lung and liver cancers during 2012‐2016. Some states are home to both the wealthiest and the poorest counties, suggesting the opportunity for more equitable dissemination of effective cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies. A broader application of existing cancer control knowledge with an emphasis on disadvantaged groups would undoubtedly accelerate progress against cancer.
Effects of Nozzle Pressure Ratio and Nozzle-to-Plate Distance to Flowfield Characteristics of an Under-Expanded Jet Impinging on a Flat Surface
Authors: Nguyen Duy Thien , Maher Blake , Hassan Yassin
Published: January 2019

The current work experimentally investigates the flowfield characteristics of an under-expanded turbulent jet impinging on a solid surface for various nozzle-to-plate distances 2.46 D j , 1.64 D j , and 0.82 D j ( D j is the jet hydraulic diameter), and nozzle pressure ratios (NPRs) ranging from 2 to 2.77 . Planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were performed in the central plane of the test nozzle and near the impingement surface. From the obtained PIV velocity vector fields, flow characteristics of under-expanded impinging jets, such as mean velocity, root-mean-square fluctuating velocity, and Reynolds stress profiles, were computed. Comparisons of statistical profiles obtained from PIV velocity measurements were performed to study the effects of the impingement surface, nozzle-to-plate distances, and NPRs to the flow patterns. Finally, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis was applied to the velocity snapshots to reveal the statistically dominant flow structures in the impinging jet regions.
Special Issue “Computational Aerodynamic Modeling of Aerospace Vehicles”
Authors: Ghoreyshi Mehdi
Published: January 2019

Aerospace, an open access journal operated by MDPI, has published a Special Issue on the Computational Aerodynamic Modeling of Aerospace Vehicles. [...]
The Heat Transfer Analysis of an Acting-type Heat Retention Panel used in a Hot Rolling Process
Authors: Jang Jiin-Yuh , Guo Jin-Wei , Chang Chih-Chung
Published: January 2019

In the hot strip rolling process, improvement of the mechanical properties of the strip steel has been a focus for a long time. After rough rolling, high temperature transfer bars are transported by conveyors through the heat retention panel in order to decrease the temperature difference between the head and the tail of the transfer bars. During the heat retention process, the temperature distribution of the transfer bars have a great influence on the mechanical properties of strip steel. A three-dimensional numerical model of a traditional passive heat retention panel is developed to investigate the temperature difference between the head and the tail of the transfer bars. A comparison with the in-situ data from a steel company in Taiwan shows that the present model works well for the prediction of temperature values of the head and the tail and temperature differences of the transfer bars. Based on the developed model, a three-dimensional numerical model of the acting-type heat retention panel is constructed in order to predict whether the temperature difference decreases during the heat retention process.
Some Applications of ANN to Solar Radiation Estimation and Forecasting for Energy Applications
Authors: Notton Gilles , Voyant Cyril , Fouilloy Alexis , Duchaud Jean Laurent , Nivet Marie Laure
Published: January 2019

In solar energy, the knowledge of solar radiation is very important for the integration of energy systems in building or electrical networks. Global horizontal irradiation (GHI) data are rarely measured over the world, thus an artificial neural network (ANN) model was built to calculate this data from more available ones. For the estimation of 5-min GHI, the normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) of the 6-inputs model is 19.35%. As solar collectors are often tilted, a second ANN model was developed to transform GHI into global tilted irradiation (GTI), a difficult task due to the anisotropy of scattering phenomena in the atmosphere. The GTI calculation from GHI was realized with an nRMSE around 8% for the optimal configuration. These two models estimate solar data at time, t, from other data measured at the same time, t. For an optimal management of energy, the development of forecasting tools is crucial because it allows anticipation of the production/consumption balance; thus, ANN models were developed to forecast hourly direct normal (DNI) and GHI irradiations for a time horizon from one hour (h+1) to six hours (h+6). The forecasting of hourly solar irradiation from h+1 to h+6 using ANN was realized with an nRMSE from 22.57% for h+1 to 34.85% for h+6 for GHI and from 38.23% for h+1 to 61.88% for h+6 for DNI.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Applied Sciences in 2018
Authors: Applied Sciences Editorial Office
Published: January 2019

Rigorous peer-review is the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing [...]
Douro Carboniferous System: Integration of the Built Environment Heritage Aspect within the Territorial Planning Framework
Authors: Alves Ribeiro Daniela
Published: January 2019

In society energy is the most evident representation of the relationship between technology, economics, and culture and, therefore, formalizes itself in territorial transformations subjugated to the logic of its production, transportation, and consumption. Energy production based on what was the only Portuguese fuel—mineral coal—gave rise to the Carboniferous System of the Douro (Sistema Carbonífero do Douro (SCD)), extending from the social support structures close to the places it was mined to the (infra)structure systems of, and in, Porto (Portugal). Given this system, the relationship of it within the territory takes on particular importance in its understanding as heritage. The system seeks to reach conclusions about the integration of its heritage condition within territorial transformation policies. To do so, it seeks to understand how “structural invariants” which determine nuclei of this system are understood within the scope of the planning instruments and territorial management in force and, therefore, making conclusions regarding the mismatch between the recognition of heritage and its valorization of such as well as the difficulty of creating a prospective heritage understanding. As an alternative, the promotion of inclusive territorial management planning processes, which go beyond municipal management, capable of (re)producing territorializing actions that enhance and support heritage.
How Water Quality and Quantity Affect Pepper Yield and Postharvest Quality
Authors: Fallik Elazar , Alkalai-Tuvia Sharon , Chalupowicz Daniel , Zaaroor-Presman Merav , Offenbach Rivka , Cohen Shabtai , Tripler Effi
Published: January 2019

There are gaps in our knowledge of the effects of irrigation water quality and amount on yield and postharvest quality of pepper fruit (Capsicum annuum L.). We studied the effects of water quality and quantity treatments on pepper fruits during subsequent simulated storage and shelf-life. Total yield decreased with increasing water salinity, but export-quality yield was not significantly different in fruits irrigated with water of either 1.6 or 2.8 dS/m, but there was a 30–35% reduction in export-quality yield following use of water at 4.5 dS/m. Water quantity hardly affected either total or export-quality yield. Water quality but not quantity significantly affected fruit weight loss after 14 days at 7 °C plus three days at 20 °C; irrigation with water at 2.8 dS/m gave the least weight loss. Fruits were significantly firmer after irrigation with good-quality water than with salty water. The saltier the water, the higher was the sugar content. Vitamin C content was not affected by water quality or quantity, but water quality significantly affected antioxidant (AOX) content. The highest AOX activity was found with commercial quality water, the lowest with salty water. Pepper yield benefited by irrigation with fresh water (1.6 dS/m) and was not affected by water quantity, but post-storage fruit quality was maintained better after use of moderately-saline water (2.8 dS/m). Thus, irrigation water with salinity not exceeding 2.8 dS/m will not impair postharvest quality, although the yield will be reduced at this salinity level.
Analyzing the Driving Factors Causing Urban Expansion in the Peri-Urban Areas Using Logistic Regression: A Case Study of the Greater Cairo Region
Authors: Salem Muhammad , Tsurusaki Naoki , Divigalpitiya Prasanna
Published: January 2019

The peri-urban area (PUA) of the Greater Cairo Region (GCR) in Egypt has witnessed a rapid urban expansion during the last few years. This urban expansion has led to the loss of wide, areas of agriculture lands and the annexation of many peripheral villages into the boundary of the GCR. This study analyzed the driving factors causing the urban expansion in the GCR during the period 2007–2017 using the logistic regression model (LRM). Eight independent variables were applied in this model: distance to the nearest urban center, distance to the nearest center of regional services, distance to water streams, distance to the main agglomeration, distance to industrial areas, distance to nearest road, number of urban cells within a 3 × 3 cell window and population density. The analysis was conducted using LOGISTICREG module in Terrset software. This research showed that the population density and distance to the nearest road have the highest regression coefficients, 0.540 and 0.114, respectively, and were the most significant driving factors of urban expansion during the last 10 years (2007–2017). Moreover, based on the results of the LRM, a probability map of urban expansion in the PUA was created, which shows that most urban expansion would be around the existing urban areas and near roads. The relative operating characteristic (ROC) value of 0.93 indicates that the probability map of urban expansion is valid.
Pro-Degradant Activity of Naturally Occurring Compounds on Polyethylene in Accelerate Weathering Conditions
Authors: Dintcheva Nadka Tzankova , Gennaro Delia , Teresi Rosalia , Baiamonte Marilena
Published: January 2019

In this work, naturally occurring compounds, such as Vitamin E (VE) and Ferulic Acid (FA), at high concentrations, have been considered as pro-degradant agents for Low Density Polyethylene (PE). However, all obtained results using the naturally occurring molecules as pro-oxidant agents for PE have been compared with the results achieved using a classical pro-oxidant agent, such as calcium stearate (Ca stearate) and with neat PE. The preliminary characterization, through rheological, mechanical and thermal analysis, of the PE-based systems highlights that the used naturally occurring molecules are able to exert a slight plasticizing action on PE and subsequently the PE rigidity and crystallinity slightly decrease, while the ductility increases. To assess the pro-degradant activity of the considered naturally occurring compounds, thin films of neat PE and PE-based systems containing 2 and 3 wt.% Ca stearate, VE and FA have been produced and subjected to accelerated weathering upon UVB light exposure. All obtained results point out that the VE and FA, at these high concentrations, exert a clear pro-oxidant activity in PE and this pro-oxidant activity is very similar to that exerted by Ca stearate. Moreover, the VE and FA at high concentrations can be considered as suitable eco-friendly pro-degradant additives for PE, also in order to control the polyolefin degradation times.
Causal Discovery with Attention-Based Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Nauta Meike , Bucur Doina , Seifert Christin
Published: January 2019

Having insight into the causal associations in a complex system facilitates decision making, e.g., for medical treatments, urban infrastructure improvements or financial investments. The amount of observational data grows, which enables the discovery of causal relationships between variables from observation of their behaviour in time. Existing methods for causal discovery from time series data do not yet exploit the representational power of deep learning. We therefore present the Temporal Causal Discovery Framework (TCDF), a deep learning framework that learns a causal graph structure by discovering causal relationships in observational time series data. TCDF uses attention-based convolutional neural networks combined with a causal validation step. By interpreting the internal parameters of the convolutional networks, TCDF can also discover the time delay between a cause and the occurrence of its effect. Our framework learns temporal causal graphs, which can include confounders and instantaneous effects. Experiments on financial and neuroscientific benchmarks show state-of-the-art performance of TCDF on discovering causal relationships in continuous time series data. Furthermore, we show that TCDF can circumstantially discover the presence of hidden confounders. Our broadly applicable framework can be used to gain novel insights into the causal dependencies in a complex system, which is important for reliable predictions, knowledge discovery and data-driven decision making.
Reduced Efficiency Roll-Off in White Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Double Emission Layers
Authors: Sheng Ren , Gao Ying , Li Asu , Duan Yu , Zhao Yi , Zheng Jie , Chen Ping
Published: January 2019

We demonstrate high-efficiency white phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with low efficiency roll-off. The feature of the device concept is employing two phosphorescent emission layers (EMLs) separated by a mixed interlayer. Both the EMLs are doped by two phosphorescent dyes. The resulting white device with the optimized doping concentration shows a maximum efficiency of 31.0 cd/A with extremely low efficiency roll-off of 30.7 cd/A at 1000 cd/m2, 27.2 cd/A at 5000 cd/m2, and 25.5 cd/A at 10,000 cd/m2, respectively, without any outcoupling structures. This is enabled by the balanced charge carrier transport in EMLs, leading to broader exciton recombination zone.
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Molecules in 2018
Authors:   Molecules Editorial Office
Published: January 2019

Rigorous peer-review is the corner-stone of high-quality academic publishing [...]
“Sacrifice” in the Trump Era
Authors: McClymond Kathryn
Published: January 2019

This article examines public conversations about sacrifice involving Donald Trump, his supporters and his critics. The author demonstrates that Trump, as a candidate and while president, has used specific discursive strategies in defining, ignoring and denigrating sacrificial acts. These strategies, as played out in conversations about sacrifice, distinguish Trump from previous presidents, maintaining his position as a “Washington outsider” even while in office and reinforcing his alignment with his base while isolating other communities within the country and sidelining the mainstream media. In redefining, dismissing and denigrating sacrifice, he undercuts prominent institutions (Congress, mainstream media) and publicly devalues specific communities within the United States.
Fusing High-Spatial-Resolution Remotely Sensed Imagery and OpenStreetMap Data for Land Cover Classification Over Urban Areas
Authors: Luo Nianxue , Wan Taili , Hao Huaixu , Lu Qikai
Published: January 2019

Land cover classification of urban areas is critical for understanding the urban environment. High-resolution remotely sensed imagery provides abundant, detailed spatial information for urban classification. In the meantime, OpenStreetMap (OSM) data, as typical crowd-sourced geographical information, have been an emerging data source for obtaining urban information. In this context, a land cover classification method that fuses high-resolution remotely sensed imagery and OSM data is proposed. Training samples were generated by integrating the OSM data and multiple information indexes. OSM data, which contain class attributes and location information of urban objects, served as the labels of initial training samples. Multiple information indexes that reflect spectral and spatial characteristics of different classes were utilized to improve the training set. Morphological attribute profiles were used because the structural and contextual information of images was effective in distinguishing the classes with similar spectral characteristics. Moreover, a road superimposition strategy that considers road hierarchy was developed because OSM data provide road information with high completeness in the urban area. Experiments were conducted on the data captured over Wuhan city, and three state-of-the-art approaches were adopted for comparison. Results show that the proposed approach obtains satisfactory results and outperforms the other comparative approaches.
Effect of Descent Velocity upon Muscle Activation and Performance in Two-Legged Free Weight Back Squats
Authors: Van den Tillaar Roland
Published: January 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of descent velocity during two-legged full back squats upon muscle activation and squat ascent performance. Methods: Eleven healthy resistance-training males (age: 24 ± 6 years, body mass: 89.5 ± 21.5 kg, height: 1.84 ± 0.10 m) performed 4-repetition maximum (4-RM) two-legged full squats with slow, normal, and fast descent phases. Kinematics and muscle activity of ten muscles divided into five regions were measured. Results: The main findings were that maximal and minimal velocity were lower and maximal velocity occurred later in the slow condition, while there was no difference in second peak velocity or ascent displacement when compared with the normal and fast conditions. Furthermore, no differences in muscle activation were found as an effect of the descent velocity. Conclusion: It was concluded that the slow descent velocity had a negative effect upon the ascent phase, because of the lower peak velocity and peak force increasing the chance of failure. The lower velocities were not caused by lower pre-activation of the muscles but were probably a result of potentiation and/or utilization of stored elastic energy and/or the stretch reflex.
Heat-Stable Enterotoxins of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Their Impact on Host Immunity
Authors: Wang Haixiu , Zhong Zifu , Luo Yu , Cox Eric , Devriendt Bert
Published: January 2019

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are an important diarrhea-causing pathogen and are regarded as a global threat for humans and farm animals. ETEC possess several virulence factors to infect its host, including colonization factors and enterotoxins. Production of heat-stable enterotoxins (STs) by most ETEC plays an essential role in triggering diarrhea and ETEC pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the heat-stable enterotoxins of ETEC strains from different species as well as the molecular mechanisms used by these heat-stable enterotoxins to trigger diarrhea. As recently described, intestinal epithelial cells are important modulators of the intestinal immune system. Thus, we also discuss the impact of the heat-stable enterotoxins on this role of the intestinal epithelium and how these enterotoxins might affect intestinal immune cells. Finally, the latest developments in vaccination strategies to protect against infections with ST secreting ETEC strains are discussed. This review might inform and guide future research on heat-stable enterotoxins to further unravel their molecular pathogenesis, as well as to accelerate vaccine design.
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Electric Vehicles’ Energy Consumption and Range: Model Definition and Sensitivity Analysis Based on Nissan Leaf Data
Authors: Iora Paolo , Tribioli Laura
Published: January 2019

In this paper, a general quasi-steady backward-looking model for energy consumption estimation of electric vehicles is presented. The model is based on a literature review of existing approaches and was set up using publicly available data for Nissan Leaf. The model has been used to assess the effect of ambient temperature on energy consumption and range, considering various reference driving cycles. The results are supported and validated using data available from an experimental campaign where the Nissan Leaf was driven to depletion across a broad range of winter ambient temperatures. The effect of ambient temperature and the consequent accessories consumption due to cabin heating are shown to be remarkable. For instance, in case of Federal Urban Driving Schedule (FUDS), simplified FUDS (SFUDS), and New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) driving cycles, the range exceeds 150 km at 20 °C, while it reduces to about 85 km and 60 km at 0 °C and −15 °C, respectively. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is reported to assess the impact of the hypotheses in the battery model and of making different assumptions on the regenerative braking efficiency.
Fabrication of supramolecular cyclodextrin–fullerene nonwovens by electrospinning
Authors: Yoshida Hiroaki , Kikuta Ken , Kida Toshiyuki
Published: January 2019

Direct electrospinning of small molecules has great potential to fabricate a new class of fiber materials because this approach realizes the creation of various functional materials through the numerous molecular combinations. In this paper, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept to fabricate supramolecular fiber materials composed of cyclodextrin (CD)–fullerene inclusion complexes by electrospinning. Similar to the molecular state of fullerenes in solution, the resulting fibers include molecularly-dispersed fullerenes. We believe such a concept could be expanded to diverse host–guest complexes, opening up supramolecular solid materials science and engineering.