bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Simulation Study of Glucose Control Methods Designed for Use in the Intensive Care Unit Setting via a Novel Controller Scoring Metric
Authors: DeJournett Jeremy , DeJournett Leon
Published: June 2017

Background:

Effective glucose control in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting has the potential to decrease morbidity and mortality rates and thereby decrease health care expenditures. To evaluate what constitutes effective glucose control, typically several metrics are reported, including time in range, time in mild and severe hypoglycemia, coefficient of variation, and others. To date, there is no one metric that combines all of these individual metrics to give a number indicative of overall performance. We proposed a composite metric that combines 5 commonly reported metrics, and we used this composite metric to compare 6 glucose controllers.

Methods:

We evaluated the following controllers: Ideal Medical Technologies (IMT) artificial-intelligence-based controller, Yale protocol, Glucommander, Wintergerst et al PID controller, GRIP, and NICE-SUGAR. We evaluated each controller across 80 simulated patients, 4 clinically relevant exogenous dextrose infusions, and one nonclinical infusion as a test of the controller’s ability to handle difficult situations. This gave a total of 2400 5-day simulations, and 585 604 individual glucose values for analysis. We used a random walk sensor error model that gave a 10% MARD. For each controller, we calculated severe hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dL), mild hypoglycemia (40-69 mg/dL), normoglycemia (70-140 mg/dL), hyperglycemia (>140 mg/dL), and coefficient of variation (CV), as well as our novel controller metric.

Results:

For the controllers tested, we achieved the following median values for our novel controller scoring metric: IMT: 88.1, YALE: 46.7, GLUC: 47.2, PID: 50, GRIP: 48.2, NICE: 46.4.

Conclusion:

The novel scoring metric employed in this study shows promise as a means for evaluating new and existing ICU-based glucose controllers, and it could be used in the future to compare results of glucose control studies in critical care. The IMT AI-based glucose controller demonstrated the most consistent performance results based on this new metric.
Not Our Fault
Authors: Gilead Michael , David Yair Ben , Ecker Yael
Published: June 2017

The current research aimed to delineate the moral intuitions that underlie apathy toward the suffering of socially distant others. Past research has shown that people endorse in-group-focused morality, according to which the fate of socially distant others is discounted, and harm-focused morality, according to which the omission of care is viewed less negatively as compared to the commission of harm. In the current study, we investigated how these two moral principles interact, by examining whether increased social distance differentially attenuates the severity of moral judgments concerning acts of apathy and harm. The results of five studies show that judgments concerning the omission of care are dependent on social distance, whereas judgments concerning the commission of harm are not. The findings challenge normative theories of morality that deny the legitimacy of “positive rights” and positive theories of morality that see harm and care as two end points of the same psychological continuum.
When I Think of You I Project Myself
Authors: Dunlop William L. , McCoy Tara P. , Harake Nicole , Gray Jacob
Published: June 2017

Across two studies, we examined the correspondence between targets’ idiographic goals and the goals attributed to them by their social contacts. In both studies, targets listed their personal goals while informants specified the goals they believed targets were pursuing. Target and informant ratings of interpersonal closeness were also collected. Furthermore, in Study 2, informants listed the goals that they themselves were currently pursuing. All goals were coded for motive-based (e.g., power) and domain-based (e.g., health) content. Informant and target reports were largely unrelated and relationship closeness did not moderate this association, although self–other agreement was noted in one domain-based category. In Study 2, the content of informants’ other-attributed goals was strongly predicted by the content of their self-attributed goals. Thus, when individuals perceive the goals and motivations of others, they tend to project their own motivational proclivities.
The European Employment Strategy as Enhanced Coordination
Authors: Ales Edoardo
Published: June 2017

The article proposes a holistic approach to the European Employment Strategy, from a conceptual, structural and functional point of view, within the framework of what the Author calls the Enhanced Coordination of EU and national Employment policies. The holistic approach encompasses all the stages of life of the human being, from education to retirement, in the perspective of guaranteeing social inclusion through work, focusing on the flexicurity pathway. In order to do this, the Author advocates for the need of earmarking investment at EU and national levels in favour of inclusive growth within the Stability Pact.
A new course for mutual trust in the AFSJ? Transnational ne bis in idem and the determination of the merits of the case in Kossowski
Authors: Marletta Angelo
Published: June 2017

This article analyses the decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the Kossowski case. In the judgement the Court, dealing with the application of the transnational ne bis in idem, further elaborated on the concept of “final decision” under Article 54 of the Convention Implementing the Schengen Agreement and specified the requirement of “merits of the case” in regard to a pre-trial dismissal for lack of evidence. Starting from the Court’s argumentation, the author reflects on the interactions between the security-related objectives of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice and the new “dialectical approach” to mutual trust inaugurated by the Court.
On the saga surrounding the Romanian government emergency ordinance no. 13/2017
Authors: Mareş Mihai
Published: June 2017

The present article provides an insight into the legal issues pertaining to the adoption of the Romanian Government Emergency Ordinance no. 13/2017 and the subsequent repeal thereof, by the Government Emergency Ordinance no. 14/2017. The emphasis shall be placed upon the legal mechanisms set in motion as a result of these two legal acts, issued based on the legislative delegation proceedings, and the effects thereof, namely, the settling of claims relating to non-constitutionality issues, constitutional legal conflicts between various authorities as well as the legal acts that are to be adopted with respect to the two emergency ordinances.
On the borders of criminal law. A tentative assessment of italian “non-conviction based extended confiscation”
Authors: Milone Sofia
Published: June 2017

The article discusses the legitimacy of “non-conviction based extended confiscation” and proposes an assessment of this measure under the principle of proportionality. So far, the analysis has mainly focused on the qualification of the measure as punitive or preventive, in order to ascertain the relevance to its assessment of the principles governing criminal sanctions. After showing that the issue of the nature of this form of confiscation is quite controversial, the paper suggests to use the principle of proportionality as a benchmark. Indeed, this principle constitutes a minimum constraint on State measures, regardless of their (non)criminal nature. Although the article focuses on Italian “non-conviction based extended confiscation”, it may have an impact on the debate concerning similar measures known in other systems, as well as on the adoption of a common model of non-conviction based confiscation at the EU level.
Investigating Workplace Bullying in India: Psychometric Properties, Validity, and Cutoff Scores of Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised
Authors: Gupta Richa , Bakhshi Arti , Einarsen Ståle
Published: June 2017

Workplace bullying is a universal threat with statistics available at global level prominently suggesting that this phenomenon is thriving like a pandemic worldwide. Limited literature on workplace bullying from Indian perspective can be attributed to the paucity of standardized tools for investigating its prevalence. This study reports validation, psychometric properties, and cutoff scores for Negative Acts Questionnaire–Revised (NAQ-R) in Indian sample ( N = 1,053). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed a best fit three-factor model of work-related bullying, person-related bullying, and physically intimidating bullying NAQ-R demonstrated high reliability and validity using CFA and Pearson’s correlation with measures of burnout, work engagement, and perceived victimization. Two cutoff points for NAQ-R were formulated using receiver operating characteristic curve for categorizing respondents as “never bullied” (scores below 40), “occasionally bullied” (scores between 40 and 56), and “severely bullied” (scores above 56). Based on these scores, 46% of the employees were found being bullied at work, either occasionally or frequently. NAQ-R is a valid and psychometrically sound measure to examine workplace bullying in India. Clear cutoff scores may help practitioners in designing prevention and intervention strategies. As NAQ-R is the most extensively tried and tested measure of workplace bullying worldwide, the findings of the study may facilitate cross-cultural comparisons.
Diminished abductor muscular strength in patients with valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures treated by internal fixation: Clinical study and biomechanical considerations
Authors: Noda Mitsuaki , Saegusa Yasuhiro , Takahashi Masayasu , Kuroda Yuichi , Takada Yuma , Yoshikawa Chihiro , Wakabayashi Mimami , Adachi Kazuhiko , Nakamura Yukiko
Published: June 2017

Background:

Valgus-impacted femoral neck fractures treated with internal fixation occasionally result in unsatisfactory postoperative locomotive function, partially due to muscle shortening and a decrease in the moment arm. This study quantifies the degree of diminished abduction strength both clinically and biomechanically.

Methods:

Fifteen patients were enrolled in this study. Twelve patients with fracture healed in valgus-impacted position were further evaluated. Muscular strength around hip was examined, and values between the nonoperated and operated side were compared and analyzed. For the biomechanical study, two three-dimensional models were prepared: model I (control model without displacement) and model II (simulated malunion of a 15° valgus-impacted fracture). Two sets of hip flexion angles in each of the models were simulated with flexion angles of 0° and 23°.

Results:

Mean and standard deviation values for muscle strength from the nonoperative/operative side among the valgus group are as follows: flexion strength was 9.2 ± 4.0/9.2 ± 3.2, extension strength was 5.8 ± 2.8/6.1 ± 3.2, abduction strength at 0° was 9.1 ± 3.7/7.4 ± 3.6, abduction strength at 10° was 6.7 ± 3.0/5.5 ± 2.2, and knee extension strength was 15.3 ± 6.2/15.1 ± 6.0 (kgf). When comparing values between the nonoperative and operative sides, statistical significance was only observed in abduction strength ( p < 0.01). The biomechanical models prove that valgus impaction decreases the moment arm by approximately 10% at both flexion angle.

Conclusions:

A significant decrease in abductor strength at 0° and 10° was observed in the valgus-healed group. This may be related to a decrease in the moment arm. Further research should be done to define the acceptable limit of deformity for the satisfactory postoperative functioning.
Etiology, Seasonality, and Clinical Features of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Hospitalized With Acute Bronchiolitis: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Gökçe Şule , Kurugöl Zafer , Koturoğlu Güldane , Çiçek Candan , Aslan Aslı
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viral frequency, seasonality, and clinical and demographic features of patients hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed in 316 infants younger than 2 years of age who were hospitalized for acute viral bronchiolitis. Respiratory tract infection agents were investigated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 316 infants were included in this study. Of the 316 infants, at least one respiratory tract pathogen was detected in 75% (237/316). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common virus identified in 127 infants (40.1%) followed by rhinovirus (n = 78, 24.6%). In this study, where viral agents were determined via PCR in patients who were followed-up due to the diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, RSV was detected as the most common agent, as in other studies. In almost half of the RSV-positive patients, RSV was accompanied by a second or third agent.
CD4+CD8β+ double-positive T cells in skin-draining lymph nodes respond to inflammatory signals from the skin
Authors: Overgaard Nana H , Cruz Jazmina L , Bridge Jennifer A , Nel Hendrik J , Frazer Ian H , La Gruta Nicole L , Blumenthal Antje , Steptoe Raymond J , Wells James W
Published: June 2017

CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP), mature, peripheral T cells are readily detectable in a variety of species and tissues. Despite a common association with autoimmune and malignant skin disorders, however, little is understood about their role or function. Herein, we show that DP T cells are readily detectable in the blood, spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes of naïve C57BL/6 mice. DP T cells were also present in Jα18−/− and CD1d−/− mice, indicating that these cells are not NK-T cells. After skin administration of CASAC adjuvant, but not Quil A adjuvant, both total DP T cells and skin-infiltrating DP T cells increased in number. We explored the possibility that DP T cells could represent aggregates between CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive T cells and found strong evidence that a large proportion of apparent DP T cells were indeed aggregates. However, the existence of true CD4+CD8+ DP T cells was confirmed by Amnis ImageStream (Millipore Sigma, Billerica, MA, USA) imaging. Multiple rounds of FACS sorting separated true DP cells from aggregates and indicated that conventional analyses may lead to ∼10-fold overestimation of DP T cell numbers. The high degree of aggregate contamination and overestimation of DP abundance using conventional analysis techniques may explain discrepancies reported in the literature for DP T cell origin, phenotype, and function.
Deep insight into neutrophil trafficking in various organs
Authors: Hyun Young-Min , Hong Chang-Won
Published: June 2017

Neutrophils are professional phagocytes that constitute the first line of defense in humans. The primary function of neutrophils is to eliminate invading pathogens through oxidative and nonoxidative mechanisms. Because neutrophils rapidly migrate into inflammatory foci via diapedesis and chemotaxis, neutrophil recruitment has long been considered a hallmark of inflammation. Recent advances in intravital microscopic technologies using animal model systems have enabled researchers to directly visualize neutrophil trafficking. Consequently, the specific mechanisms of neutrophil transmigration have been identified, and even the reverse migration of neutrophils can be verified visually. Moreover, the detailed phenomena of neutrophil infiltration into various organs, such as the liver, lymphoid organs, and CNS have been identified. This progress in the study of neutrophil migration from the blood vessels to organs results in a deeper understanding of these immune cells’ motility and morphology, which are closely related to the spatiotemporal regulation of the overall immune response. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of neutrophil trafficking in various organs.
Technical Advance: New in vitro method for assaying the migration of primary B cells using an endothelial monolayer as substrate
Authors: Stewart-Hutchinson Phillip J , Szasz Taylor P , Jaeger Emily R , Onken Michael D , Cooper John A , Morley Sharon Celeste
Published: June 2017

Migration of B cells supports their development and recruitment into functional niches. Therefore, defining factors that control B cell migration will lead to a better understanding of adaptive immunity. In vitro cell migration assays with B cells have been limited by poor adhesion of cells to glass coated with adhesion molecules. We have developed a technique using monolayers of endothelial cells as the substrate for B cell migration and used this technique to establish a robust in vitro assay for B cell migration. We use TNF-α to up-regulate surface expression of the adhesion molecule VCAM-1 on endothelial cells. The ligand VLA-4 is expressed on B cells, allowing them to interact with the endothelial monolayer and migrate on its surface. We tested our new method by examining the role of L-plastin (LPL), an F-actin-bundling protein, in B cell migration. LPL-deficient (LPL−/−) B cells displayed decreased speed and increased arrest coefficient compared with wild-type (WT) B cells, following chemokine stimulation. However, the confinement ratios for WT and LPL−/− B cells were similar. Thus, we demonstrate how the use of endothelial monolayers as a substrate will support future interrogation of molecular pathways essential to B cell migration.
Medulloblastoma: From Myth to Molecular
Authors: Ramaswamy Vijay , Taylor Michael D.
Published: June 2017

Current therapies for medulloblastoma were introduced primarily in the 1980s and consist of predominantly cytotoxic, nontargeted approaches. Mortality from medulloblastoma remains significant. In addition, many survivors suffer from severe treatment-related effects of radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Further intensification of nonspecific therapy is unlikely to offer additional benefits, because survival rates have reached a plateau. Recent publications in medulloblastoma have revolved largely around the recognition that medulloblastoma per se does not exist, but rather, that there are a group of histologically similar but clinically and molecularly distinct entities that have been grouped under that rubric. Distinguishing the four molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma—wingless (WNT), sonic hedgehog (SHH), group 3, and group 4—in the daily treatment of patients, as well in the setting of clinical trials, is an important challenge in the near term for the pediatric neuro-oncology community. The preponderance of morbidity in treating patients with medulloblastoma is secondary to the treatment or prophylaxis of leptomeningeal metastases, and the cause of most deaths is leptomeningeal metastases. Recurrence of medulloblastoma is a nearly universally fatal event, with no significant salvage rate. The extent of spatial and temporal intratumoral heterogeneity as medulloblastoma metastasizes to leptomeninges and as it evolves in the face of radiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy is just beginning to be understood as a major barrier to therapeutic success. Pediatric neuro-oncology clinicians and scientists must now determine how best to incorporate rapid changes in our biologic understanding of medulloblastoma into the next generation of upfront clinical trials, with the goal of both improving survival for the highest-risk patients and improving quality of life for survivors.
Pediatric Gliomas: Current Concepts on Diagnosis, Biology, and Clinical Management
Authors: Sturm Dominik , Pfister Stefan M. , Jones David T.W.
Published: June 2017

Gliomas are the most common CNS tumors in children and adolescents, and they show an extremely broad range of clinical behavior. The majority of pediatric gliomas present as benign, slow-growing lesions classified as grade I or II by the WHO classification of CNS tumors. These pediatric low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are fundamentally different from IDH-mutant LGGs occurring in adults, because they rarely undergo malignant transformation and show excellent overall survival under current treatment strategies. However, a significant fraction of gliomas develop over a short period of time and progress rapidly and are therefore classified as WHO grade III or IV high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Despite all therapeutic efforts, they remain largely incurable, with the most aggressive forms being lethal within months. Thus, the intentions of neurosurgeons, pediatric oncologists, and radiotherapists to improve care for pediatric patients with glioma range from increasing quality of life and preventing long-term sequelae in what is often a chronic, but rarely life-threatening disease (LGG), to uncovering effective treatment options to prolong patient survival in an almost universally fatal setting (HGG). The last decade has seen unprecedented progress in understanding the molecular biology underlying pediatric gliomas, fueling hopes to achieve both goals. Large-scale collaborative studies around the globe have cataloged genomic and epigenomic alterations in gliomas across ages, grades, and histologies. These studies have revealed biologic subgroups characterized by distinct molecular, pathologic, and clinical features, with clear relevance for patient management. In this review, we summarize hallmark discoveries that have expanded our knowledge in pediatric LGGs and HGGs, explain their role in tumor biology, and convey our current concepts on how these findings may be translated into novel therapeutic approaches.
Goosebumps, Shivers, Visualization, and Embodied Resonance in the Reading Experience: The God of Small Things
Authors: Rokotnitz Naomi
Published: June 2017

This article contributes to studies of the heuristic, metacognitive, and social values of literary works by interrogating ways literary description can induce experiential involvement in the reading process through mobilizing what the neuropsychologists Maria Vandekerckhove and Jaak Panksepp call our “affective consciousness,” a form of prereflective reception that arises from bodily experience. Focusing upon Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things, the article proposes a theoretical framework for interrogating the forms of priming, bias, and insight gained via these physical dimensions of reading. In particular, it examines a narrative technique termed “embodied anchors,” by which Roy conveys her characters' experiences and their interpretations of those experiences through image clusters that function both as metaphors and as physical cues, simultaneously affecting both “basic” and “moral” emotions (as differentiated by the clinical psychologists Bunmi O. Olatunji and Jorge Moll). The article analyzes how these embodied prompts activate readers' preconscious modes of perception, modify cognitive skills, and intensify the effects of reading by anchoring ideational content in readers' bodies, rendering abstract concepts physically tangible, thus providing alternative and parallel means of communicating and manipulating knowledge. This knowledge, it is argued, can be integrated into readers' range of experiences in ways that parallel “real-life” encounters, potentially facilitating profound learning.
Extravagancia estatal: Construcción de Estado e inserción en el siglo XXI, caso Yemen (1990-2011)
Authors: Garcia Escobar Ruben Dario
Published: June 2017

Han transcurrido cerca de veinte años desde la primera publicación del trabajo más simbólico del realismo subalterno, The Third World Security Predicament de M. Ayoob; un cuarto de siglo después la finalización de la Guerra Fría se ha testiguado una serie de trasformaciones en la política mundial, al igual que ciertas ontinuidades. La construcción de Estado y la inserción en el sistema internacional –punto de partida del enfoque subalterno para la comprensión del comportamiento estatal en el Tercer Mundo–, como procesos sociales, están sujetos a constantes transformaciones que incidirán en el comportamiento estatal. En el momento en que se escribe este artículo ha sucedido una serie de eventos que permiten poner en perspectiva el realismo subalterno de M. Ayoob: Yemen, como parte integrante del Tercer Mundo, se muestra como un caso pertinente para realizar esta revisión.
La construcción argumentativa de la revista argentina Expreso Imaginario sobre los problemas ambientales de la década del 70
Authors: Dichdji Ayelen
Published: June 2017

Este trabajo estudia, a través del análisis de los topoi, la construcción argumentativa sobre la cuestión ambiental en la revista argentina contracultural Expreso Imaginario (1976-1983). Esto permite reflexionar sobre el lugar que ocupa la temática ambiental dentro de la publicación para la época: ¿es un tema relevante por tratarse de un acontecimiento que quiebra con la cotidianidad y se torna noticioso? ¿O, en realidad, se trata de un proceso que es clave y propio del clima de época? ¿Hasta qué punto la noticia se vuelve espectáculo y la crisis ambiental un producto redituable para los medios? Para contestar estos interrogantes se trabaja con una perspectiva pluridisciplinar que vincula la comunicación, la historia ambiental y el análisis crítico del discurso.
Preparación en desastres en el Vedado-Malecón habanero. La exploración en las percepciones de sus líderes
Authors: Gaeta Carrillo Nuria , Gaeta Carrillo Nuria
Published: June 2017

La reducción de desastres y el aumento de resiliencia de países como meta principal para prevenir desastres no solo requiere de autoridades concienciadas y coordinadas, legislaciones aprobadas y sólidas instituciones. La implicación de las comunidades que los sufren en la medida de tomas preventivas y su preparación para la respuesta es fundamental para la consolidación de comunidades resilientes. A menudo estas actividades de preparación comunitaria en desastres son implementadas sin un análisis profundo sobre las percepciones, creencias e intereses de sus interlocutores, lo que puede derivar en el fracaso de la intervención. A partir de entrevistas individuales, grupales y encuestas, la presente publicación trata de explorar las percepciones de los líderes del Consejo Popular Vedado-Malecón de la habana que conducen a un comportamiento favorable hacia la reducción del riesgo o hacia uno inadecuado. Esta información podría arrojar luz en el diseño de estrategias de preparación para la reducción del riesgo en el nivel comunitario estudiado.
Column Generation for Outbound Baggage Handling at Airports
Authors: Frey Markus , Kolisch Rainer , Artigues Christian
Published: June 2017

The planning of outbound baggage handling at international airports is challenging. Outgoing flights have to be assigned and scheduled to handling facilities at which the outgoing baggage is loaded into containers. To avoid disruptions of the system the objective is to minimize workload peaks over the entire system. The resource demand of the jobs that have to be scheduled depends on the arrival process of the baggage. In this paper we present a time-indexed mathematical programming formulation for planning the outbound baggage. We propose an innovative decomposition procedure in combination with a column generation scheme to solve practical problem instances. The decomposition significantly reduces the symmetry effect in the time-indexed formulation and also speeds up the computational time of the corresponding Dantzig–Wolfe formulation. To further improve our column generation algorithm we propose state-of-the-art acceleration techniques for the primal problem and the pricing problem. Computational results based on real data from a major European airport show that the proposed procedure reduces the maximal workloads by more than 60% compared to the current assignment procedure used.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2017.0739 .
Urology study day: Leeds 2016
Authors: Ramage Carmel , Kujawa Magda , Namasivayam Siva , Swann Ania , Wigglesworth Neil , Heavens Catherine , Finan Claire
Published: June 2017

Last year, urology nurses and continence nurse specialists took part in the second of two study days on urology. The events were delivered by the British Journal of Nursing with programme support in association with the British Association of Urology Nurses and Hollister Inc. Below are reports of some of the presentations
The introduction and evaluation of a pressure ulcer risk assessment tool for photopheresis outpatients
Authors: Rushton Cherie , Goodgrove Rachel , Robertson Leeah , Taylor Tracie , Taylor Peter , Alfred Arun
Published: June 2017

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) patients are at high risk of compromised skin integrity, and of developing pressure ulcers, which may bleed and/or become infected. The Rotherham Outpatient Screening Tool (ROST) was adapted from the Waterlow score and the Malnutrition Universial Screening Tool (MUST) to suit patients attending an outpatient unit for photopheresis. A review of the screening tool highlighted patients at a higher risk of developing pressure damage during treatment and therefore the unit was able to reduce this risk by the provision of a pressure-relieving cushion (Repose).
Treating patients with venous leg ulcers in the acute setting: part 1
Authors: Anderson Irene
Published: June 2017

Leg ulcers present with a variety of aetiologies, sometimes in combination. The most common aetiology is venous, with treament involving compression, elevation and exercise; the most common treatment setting is the community. However, people with leg ulcers do sometimes require admission to hospital for conditions and situations which may, or may not, be ulcer-related. There is a lack of contemporary evidence on the experience of inpatients and insufficient analysis of the impact on healing and complications to the lower limb when patients with leg ulcers and compression therapy are admitted to hospital. Admission to hospital presents an ideal opportunity for a focus on leg care and potentially enhancing healing rates of patients. The reality for patients with venous leg ulceration being treated with compression therapy is that this does not continue if they are admitted to hospital as inpatients—having been interrupted for MRSA screening and skin assessment, often no-one is available to reinstate the therapy. This article highlights key issues in the ongoing care of these patients and offers suggestions for basic management until a more acceptable and evidence-based solution can be found. Part 2 will deal with the preparation for discharge and options for the treatment of patients who are not already in the care of community services.
PREDICTING HABITAT DISTRIBUTION OF ENDEMIC AND CRITICALLY ENDANGERED DIPTEROCARPUS LITTORALIS IN NUSAKAMBANGAN, INDONESIA
Authors: Robiansyah Iyan
Published: June 2017

ROBIANSYAH, I. 2017. Predicting habitat distribution of endemic and critically endangered Dipterocarpus littoralis in Nusakambangan, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 16(1): 11 - 18. - The tree species Dipterocarpus littoralis (Bl.) Kurz. is endemic to Nusakambangan and categorized as critically endangered. In the present study, the habitat suitability of the species in Nusakambangan was predicted using logistic regression analysis and Maxent model. Three topographic variables (elevation, slope, and aspect), distance from river and coastline, and one vegetation index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)) as well as two water content indexes (Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI)) were used as predictors of the models. Employing initial number of 82 presence and 250 absence data of D. littoralis, both models were able to predict the suitable areas for the species with fairly high success rate. The AUC and Kappa value for logistic regression were 0.77 ± 0.027 and 0.34 ± 0.058, respectively, while the respected values for Maxent were 0.91 ± 0.062 and 0.37 ± 0.025. Logistic regression analysis identified a total area of 26.13 km2 to be suitable for D. littoralis, while a smaller suitable area (7.85 km2) was predicted by Maxent model. Coastal areas in the west part of the island were predicted by both models as areas with high suitability for D. littoralis. Furthermore, distance from coastline and river, elevation, NDVI, NDWI and NDMI were suggested to be very important for the species ecology and distribution. The results of this study may serve as a basis for population reinforcement and reintroduction programs of D. littoralis and guide for ecosystem management of Nusakambangan Island as a whole.
HOYA NARCISSIFLORA (APOCYNACEAE, ASCLEPIADOIDEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM BORNEO
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Rodda Michele
Published: June 2017

RAHAYU, S. & RODDA, M. 2017. Hoya narcissiflora (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae), a new species from Borneo. Reinwardtia 16(1): 11 – 16. — A new species of Hoya from Borneo is described, namely Hoya narcissiflora S. Rahayu & Rodda. The species has thin, non-succulent leaves similar to those of species in the Hoya campanulata Group and shallowly campanulate corolla. It is compared with all other Bornean Hoya species possessing campanulate corollas.
Parâmetros biométricos de trigo na terceira aplicação de lodo de esgoto compostado e irrigação com água residuária
Authors: Kummer Ana Carolina Barbosa , Grassi Filho Helio , Lobo Thomaz Figueiredo , Lima Rodollpho Artur de Souza , Putti Fernando Ferrari
Published: June 2017

Os esgotos domésticos e lodos de esgoto, por conterem elevado teor de matéria orgânica e nutrientes, tornam-se uma alternativa promissora de uso na agricultura, principalmente quanto à substituição ou complementação dos fertilizantes agrícolas tradicionais que muitas vezes possuem custo elevado. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a resposta de plantas de trigo (Triticum aestivum) mediante a aplicação de lodo de esgoto compostado como adubo nitrogenado no solo sob a irrigação com água potável (AP) e residuária de esgoto tratado (AR). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com 10 repetições. Avaliaram-se sete níveis de adubação nitrogenada (subparcela) distribuídos em duas parcelas experimentais, representadas pela irrigação com AP e AR, sendo assim definidos: T1 = sem adubação nitrogenada no solo; T2 = 100% de adubação nitrogenada química; T3 = 50% de adubação nitrogenada química + 50% de adubação nitrogenada via lodo de esgoto compostado (LEC); T4, T5, T6 e T7 corresponderam à 100, 150, 200 e 250% de adubação nitrogenada via LEC, respectivamente. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade de substituição da adubação nitrogenada química, 80 kg ha-1 de N, pelo equivalente em LEC, sem prejuízos à cultura. Em solo não adubado com N, a irrigação com AR de esgoto tratado foi benéfica ao trigo, proporcionando incremento de 60% no número de grãos por planta.
Preliminary analysis of plant macrofossils from an Early Iron Age structure in Kærbøl, Denmark, with special emphasis on segetal and ruderal weeds
Authors: Kofel Dominika , Andreasen Marianne Høyem , Jensen Peter Mose
Published: June 2017

The paper presents results from an archaeobotanical analysis of samples from an Early Iron Age building in Kærbøl, Denmark, and brings to light an interesting correlation between crops and weeds which most probably characterised the majority of Early Iron Age societies in Denmark. It is suggested that the weed species were the primary plants stored for various reasons and that the crops only accompanied them. The authors discuss the plausibility of interpreting weed species as food plants during the Danish Iron Age, and the possible function of the sampled structure.
Miocene carpological floras of the Konin region (Central Poland)
Authors: Kowalski Rafał
Published: June 2017

Carbonaceous, three-dimensionally preserved macroscopic plant remains from the Lubstów, Gosławice and Pątnów brown coal open-pit mines are described and illustrated, providing a comprehensive elaboration of the middle Miocene carpological floras of the Konin region. The diaspores represent the following families: Pinaceae, Sciadopityaceae, Cupressaceae, Annonaceae, Cabombaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Araceae, Typhaceae, Cyperaceae, Vitaceae, Rosaceae, Rhamnaceae, Fagaceae, Myricaceae, Cornaceae, Nyssaceae, Symplocaceae, Ericaceae, Araliaceae, and Adoxaceae. Forty-two species were recognised or documented for the first time in the Konin region. Two genera, three species and three morphotypes are described as new taxa.

Most of these plant remains represent azonal vegetation. Ericaceous bogs, pine bogs and mixed coniferous bogs, accompanied byGyptostrobusswamp forests and various aquatic plant communities, are suggested as the most widespread vegetation types. Remains representing mesophytic, zonal vegetation, resembling extant evergreen broad-leaved and mixed mesophytic forests, are sparse. ASciadopitysraised bog, a mixed coniferous bog subtype, was one of the important biomass sources forming the brown coal of the I-Middle Polish seam group. Other bog types recognised in Lubstów presumably also played a part in this process. Wildfire is suggested as an important factor controlling the Miocene vegetation of the Konin region.

The floristic composition and lithostratigraphy indicate the Badenian age (16.3–12.8 Ma) for the studied floras, but radiometric data suggest that two Lubstów floras are older and one is younger than 13.6 Ma. Biostrati-graphically, Lubstów floras were correlated with the Klettwitz – Salzhausen floristic complex. Based on several climatic indicators and biostratigraphic correlation, the climate is estimated to have been humid, warm-temperate or subtropical.

The upper Miocene lower Rhenish Basin floras are the most comparable in floristic and plant communities’ composition. Tropical – subtropical, Mediterranean and extinct genera represent approximately 40% of the genera identified in Lubstów.
Hybrid Passivity Based and Fuzzy Type-2 Controller for Chaotic and Hyper-Chaotic Systems
Authors: Serrano Fernando , Rossell Josep M.
Published: June 2017

In this paper a hybrid passivity based and fuzzy type-2 controller for chaotic and hyper-chaotic systems is presented. The proposed control strategy is an appropriate choice to be implemented for the stabilization of chaotic and hyper-chaotic systems due to the energy considerations of the passivity based controller and the flexibility and capability of the fuzzy type-2 controller to deal with uncertainties. As it is known, chaotic systems are those kinds of systems in which one of their Lyapunov exponents is real positive, and hyper-chaotic systems are those kinds of systems in which more than one Lyapunov exponents are real positive. In this article one chaotic Lorentz attractor and one four dimensions hyper-chaotic system are considered to be stabilized with the proposed control strategy. It is proved that both systems are stabilized by the passivity based and fuzzy type-2 controller, in which a control law is designed according to the energy considerations selecting an appropriate storage function to meet the passivity conditions. The fuzzy type-2 controller part is designed in order to behave as a state feedback controller, exploiting the flexibility and the capability to deal with uncertainties. This work begins with the stability analysis of the chaotic Lorentz attractor and a four dimensions hyper-chaotic system. The rest of the paper deals with the design of the proposed control strategy for both systems in order to design an appropriate controller that meets the design requirements. Finally, numerical simulations are done to corroborate the obtained theoretical results.
The Calibration Process and Metrological Analysis of a Transducer Used to Measure Two Physical Quantities
Authors: Idźkowski Adam , Gołębiowski Jerzy , Walendziuk Wojciech
Published: June 2017

This article presents a way of calibration of an unconventional two-current circuit, named 2J+2R, which consists of two current sources and two referential resistors connected to the circuit mass. This bridge was used to measure the beam deflection and the temperature increase simultaneously with the use of a pair of metal strain gauges. This paper contains theoretical and corrected (after calibration) processing characteristics of the measurement circuit. Calibration coefficients of both inputs, responsible for measurement of the measured values in the places where the strain gauges are attached, were calculated. Moreover, the standard combined and expanded uncertainties of both calibration coefficients were calculated and an uncertainty budget was made.
Enamel shear bond strength of different primers combined with an orthodontic adhesive paste
Authors: Seeliger Julia H. , Botzenhart Ute U. , Gedrange Tomasz , Kozak Karol , Stepien Lukas , Machoy Monika
Published: June 2017

Aim:

The aim of this study was a comparison of shear bond strength (SBS) on tooth enamel of different primers combined with the adhesive paste Transbond XT.

Materials and methods:

Forty bovine teeth were used in order to create 40 test blocks. The blocks were divided into four groups of 10 blocks each: group A – sample primer (SP); group B – Opal Seal (OS); group C – Transbond Plus SEP (TSEP); group D – Transbond XT Primer (TXT). After surface preparation and application of the primer, respectively, two stainless steel brackets were fixed on each tooth by using Transbond XT. Accordingly, 80 brackets were debonded (n=20). Shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed by using the Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test.

Results:

All tested groups revealed high shear bond strength in a similar size range. There were no significant differences between the groups concerning shear bond strength. The ARI scores of group C showed significantly lower ARI scores (0 and 1) than that of group D. Apart from that there was no statistical difference.

Conclusion:

In combination with the adhesive paste Transbond XT, all tested primers were suitable for fixing orthodontic brackets. The primers could be changed according to the clinical situation.
In-vivo monitoring of infection via implantable microsensors: a pilot study
Authors: Ring Andrej , Sorg Heiko , Weltin Andreas , Tilkorn Daniel J. , Kieninger Jochen , Urban Gerald , Hauser Jörg
Published: June 2017

The most common complication after implantation of foreign material is infection, leading to implant failure and severe patient discomfort. Smoldering-infections proceed inapparently and might not get verified by radiological diagnostics. Early identification of this type of infection might significantly reduce the rate of complications. Therefore, we manufactured a microsensor strip in a hybrid of thin-film and laminate technology in a wafer-level process. It comprises electrochemical, amperometric microsensors for glucose, oxygen and lactate as well as an integrated reference electrode. Microsensors have been implanted in the mouse dorsal skin fold chamber, which got inoculated with a human-pathogen bacterial strain. A selective signal could be measured for all parameters and time points. The infection led to measurable changes of the wound environment as given by a decrease of the oxygen- as well as the glucose-concentration while the lactate concentration increased markedly over time. The given results in this study are the first hints on a promising new tool and should therefore be interpreted as a proof of the principle to show the functionality of the microsensors in an in vivo setting. These microsensors could be used to monitor smoldering infections of implantable foreign materials reducing foreign implant associated complications.
Neoharaldiophyllum, a new genus of Delesseriaceae (Rhodophyta) based on carposporophyte development and molecular data
Authors: Kang Jeong Chan , Yang Mi Yeon , Kim Myung Sook
Published: June 2017

The new genus
Recent Progress in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection
Authors: Zhong Anqiao
Published: June 2017

Mycoplasma pneumoniae(Mp) is a definite respiratory pathogen affecting people of all ages. This organism is adsorbed on host cell surface through extreme adherent organelles, generating peroxide ions and possible exotoxins. Mp may directly invade host cells and cause latent infections. Induced immunoreactive injury is one of the main factors resulting in clinical symptoms of Mp infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serological detection should be combined for diagnosis of Mp infection when nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal specimens are simultaneously obtained and detected by PCR. The most reliable basis for diagnosis can be obtained with two serological tests in different courses of the disease. Culture methods also bear significance in diagnosing Mp infections andin vitrodrug sensitivity tests.
Research Progress on IgG4-Related Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Authors: Ji Guang
Published: June 2017

IgG4-related disease is a systemic autoimmune disease with unknown cause and involves multiple organs and tissues. This disease became one of research hotspots in the last ten years. IgG4-related Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) exhibits unique clinical pathological characteristics: serum-free thyroxine reduction and increases in thyroid peroxidase antibody and IgG4; massive IgG4-positive plasmocyte infiltration in tissues; significant matrix fibrosis; and severe degeneration of thyroid follicular epithelium. IgG4-related HT is a subtype of HT; it presents relatively good therapeutic effect after thyroxine treatment. Cortical hormones can be used for IgG4 HT patients who may suffer from hypothyroidism with significant thyroid injury during early stage to constrain immune injury. This thesis summarizes clinical and pathological histology of IgG4-related HT based on its characteristics.
Occupational Exposure of Medical Staff of a Tianjin Grade 3 Hospital to Human Immunodeficiency Virus in 2013–2015
Authors: He Wenlong , Wen Chao , Wang Xiaoyu
Published: June 2017

Purpose: This study aims to gain insights into occupational exposure of medical staff to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to provide effective precautionary measures to protect them against risks arising from blood-borne pathogens.

Methodology: Data on 46 confirmed HIV-infected patients were analyzed statistically.

Results: Medical staff were exposed to blood-borne pathogens in 45 cases, and most were female and probationary nurses. Risks of occupational exposure of medical staff to HIV increased continuously as more HIV-infected patients were admitted by hospitals each year.

Conclusion: Medical staff should receive information about HIV blood-borne pathogen infection of patients, shorten the window period for HIV exposure, and practice specified precautionary measures and cut down risks of exposure to HIV.
Advances in Research on the Role of Chemokines in Occurrence and Development of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Authors: Ji Guang
Published: June 2017

Chemokines can be divided into four categories: α, β, γ, and δ. Chemokine α is related to neutrophil chemotaxis. Chemokine β is correlated with adsorption of monocytes, basophils, and eosinophils. Chemokine γ is mainly a lymphocyte chemokine. Function of chemokine δ remains unclear. Chemokines α and β are primarily related to occurrence and development of autoimmune thyroid disease. This study reviews chemokines and their receptors that are related to Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
Simulation Framework for Realization of Priority-based ZigBee Network
Authors: Aleksieva V.
Published: June 2017

ZigBee is a wireless technology, which provides low power consumption of devices in personal area network (WPAN) for low data rate applications that require long battery life and secure networking. ZigBee gives effective ways of supporting of QoS (Quality of Service), functionality and manageability, because ZigBee devices can transmit data over long distances (more than 100 meters) by passing data through a mesh network of intermediate devices to reach more distant ones. In this paper is proposed a simulation framework for ZigBee technology. It implements modified algorithm for the construction of a priority-based and energy-balanced WPAN network and visualize the method of transmission. The results of the conducted experiments are given.