bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verifying Methane Inventories and Trends With Atmospheric Methane Data
Authors: Worden John R. , Pandey Sudhanshu , Zhang Yuzhong , Cusworth Daniel , Qu Zhen , Bloom A. Anthony , Ma Shuang , Maasakkers Joannes Dyonisius , Byrne Brendany , Duren Riley M , Crisp David , Gordon Deborah , Jacob Daniel J.
Published: January 2023

The 2015 Paris Climate Agreement and Global Methane Pledge formalized
agreement for countries to report and reduce methane emissions to
mitigate near-term climate change. Emission inventories generated
through surface activity measurements are reported annually or
bi-annually and evaluated periodically through a “Global Stocktake”.
Emissions inverted from atmospheric data support evaluation of reported
inventories, but their systematic use is stifled by spatially variable
biases from prior errors combined with limited sensitivity of
observations to emissions (smoothing error), as-well-as poorly
characterized information content. Here, we demonstrate a Bayesian,
optimal estimation (OE) algorithm for evaluating a state-of-the-art
inventory (EDGAR v6.0) using satellite-based emissions from 2009 to
2018. The OE algorithm quantifies the information content (uncertainty
reduction, sectoral attribution, spatial resolution) of the
satellite-based emissions and disentangles the effect of smoothing error
when comparing to an inventory. We find robust differences between
satellite and EDGAR for total livestock, rice, and coal emissions: 14 ±
9, 12 ± 8, -11 ± 6 Tg CH4/yr respectively. EDGAR and satellite agree
that livestock emissions are increasing (0.25 to 1.3 Tg CH4/ yr / yr),
primarily in the Indo-Pakistan region, sub-tropical Africa, and the
Brazilian arc of deforestation; East Asia rice emissions are also
increasing, highlighting the importance of agriculture on the
atmospheric methane growth rate. In contrast, low information content
for the waste and fossil emission trends confounds comparison between
EDGAR and satellite; increased sampling and spatial resolution of
satellite observations are therefore needed to evaluate reported changes
to emissions in these sectors.
Julia for Geophysical Fluid Dynamics: Performance Comparisons between CPU, GPU, and Fortran-MPI
Authors: Strauss Robert R , Bishnu Siddhartha , Petersen Mark R.
Published: January 2023

Some programming languages are easy to develop at the cost of slow
execution, while others are lightning fast at run time but are much more
difficult to write. Julia is a programming language that aims to be the
best of both worlds—a development and production language at the same
time. To test Julia’s utility in scientific high-performance computing
(HPC), we built an unstructured-mesh shallow water model in Julia and
compared it against an established Fortran-MPI ocean model, MPAS-Ocean,
as well as a Python shallow water code. Three versions of the Julia
shallow water code were created, for: single-core CPU; graphics
processing unit (GPU); and Message Passing Interface (MPI) CPU clusters.
Comparing identical simulations revealed that our first version of the
single-core CPU Julia model was 13 times faster than Python. Further
Julia optimizations, including static typing and removing implicit
memory allocations, provided an additional 10–20x speed-up of the
single-core CPU Julia model. The GPU-accelerated Julia code is extremely
fast, with a speed-up of 230-380x compared to the single-core CPU Julia
code if communication with the GPU occurs every 10 time steps.
Parallelized Julia-MPI performance was identical to Fortran-MPI
MPAS-Ocean for low processor counts, and ranges from 2x faster to 2x
slower for higher processor counts. Our experience is that Julia
development is fast and convenient for prototyping, but that Julia
requires further investment and expertise to be competitive with
compiled codes. We provide advice on Julia code optimization for HPC
systems.
Resistance, recovery, and resilience: rethinking the three Rs of survival in the Anthropocene
Authors: Abbott Benjamin W. , Underwood Kristen L , Seybold Erin Cedar , Kincaid Dustin , Hamshaw Scott D , Lee Raymond M , Rizzo Donna M , Brown Brian , Toolin Regina , Chorover Jon , Li Li , Lewis Gabriel , Sayedi Sayedeh Sara , Clair Samuel St. , Buck Rachel L. , Aanderud Zachary , Brahney Janice L , Nixon Ryan S. , Wang Weihong , Flox Cally , Perdrial Julia N
Published: January 2023

The concepts of resistance, recovery, and resilience are in diverse
fields from behavioral psychology to planetary ecology. These “three
Rs” describe some of the most important properties allowing complex
systems to survive in dynamic environments. However, in many
fields—including ecology—our ability to predict resistance, recovery
and resilience remains limited. Here, we propose new disturbance
terminology and describe a unifying definition of resistance, recovery,
and resilience. We distinguish functional disturbances that affect
short-term ecosystem processes from structural disturbances that alter
the state factors of ecosystem development. We define resilience as the
combination of resistance and recovery—i.e., the ability of a system
to maintain its state by withstanding disturbance or rapidly recovering
from it. In the Anthropocene, humans have become dominant drivers of
many ecosystem processes and nearly all the state factors influencing
ecosystem development. Consequently, the resilience of an individual
ecological parameter is not an inherent attribute but a function of
linkages with other biological, chemical, physical, and especially
social parameters. Because every ecosystem experiences multiple,
overlapping disturbances, a multidimensional resilience approach is
needed that considers both ecosystem structure (configuration of
linkages) and disturbance regime. We explore these concepts with a few
case studies and recommend analytical tools and community-based
approaches to strengthen ecosystem resilience. Disregarding cultural and
social dimensions of disturbance regimes and ecosystem structures leads
to undesirable outcomes, particularly in our current context of
intensifying socioecological crises. Consequently, cultivating
reciprocal relationships with natural disturbance regimes and ecosystem
structures is crucial to Earth stewardship in the Anthropocene.
Governing through Hate
Authors: Turgut Hasan
Published: January 2023

Pod vladavinom Stranke pravde i razvitka (AKP) Turska je poprimila gotovo sve odlike populističkog autoritarnog režima. Od dana kada je stupila na vlast, AKP se promovirala kao sluga turskog naroda. Nedavne studije pokazale su kako je populizam u doba AKP-a postao dominantna politička strategija. Znanstvenici ga istražuju kao diskurs, komunikacijski pristup koji apelira na narod i strategiju za mobilizaciju masa. Međutim, ova objašnjenja populizma u doba AKP-a još uvijek su prilično demonstrativna; ovaj fenomen treba istražiti s pomoću novog, holističkog pristupa. Stoga ova studija problematizira populizam u doba AKP-a kao dispozitiv i pokušava ga razumjeti kroz holistički pristup. Kako bi se ova hipoteza provjerila empirijski, studija se usredotočuje na odluku o povlačenju iz Istanbulske konvencije. Istražuje kako su elite AKP-a opravdale odluku na Twitteru tijekom ožujka 2021. U tom kontekstu studija se usredotočuje na tvitove elita AKP-a i trolova koji zagovaraju AKP te primjenjuje više metoda u tom procesu. Kao prvo, tvitovi elita AKP-a analizirani su diskursno-povijesnim pristupom. Zatim, kako bi se razumjelo kako se ovi tvitovi odražavaju na hashtag kampanje koje zagovaraju AKP, oznake #GüçlüKadınGüçlüTürkiye i #Morardınızmı temeljito su ispitane. Rezultati su pokazali da su društveni mediji najvažnija tehnologija za Davu kad je u pitanju pojednostavljenje složenih društvenih pitanja i uvođenje polariziranog mentaliteta u svakodnevni život. Dava je značajno pridonijela promociji neprijateljstva (koje joj ide u prilog), a politiku je pretvorila u vladavinu – što je moguće samo kroz širenje osjećaja mržnje.
Izgradnja jezičnog korpusa govora mržnje na hrvatskom medijskom prostoru društvenih mreža
Authors: Hadžić Slobodan , Šilić Artur , Grmuša Tanja
Published: January 2023

Govor mržnje predstavlja neprihvatljiv oblik društveno štetnih komunikacijskih formi čija je raširenost u posljednje vrijeme u porastu. Razvojem digitalnih medija, a posebice jačanjem uloge društvenih mreža u privatnoj i javnoj komunikaciji, otvoren je prostor za brojne javne virtualne forume koji su pasivnu publiku potaknuli na aktivniju participaciju i komunikaciju. Sloboda govora i izražavanja kao temeljna demokratska načela s jedne strane suočavaju se s prostorom za toksičnu komunikaciju s druge strane, okupljajući istomišljenike u virtualnim zajednicama kojima su meta napada nerijetko akteri priloga, novinari, urednici, mediji, pa i drugi korisnici. Uzimajući u obzir neograničenost internetskog prostora čiji je sadržaj teško kontrolirati, postavlja se pitanje kako prepoznati društveno štetne komunikacijske forme u javnom prostoru, može li ih se spriječiti i kako zadržati postojeću publiku. Mogućnosti upotrebe proširuju se i na područje moderiranja neprimjerenih komentara korisnika oslanjanjem na softvere koji pružaju trenutne odgovore medijskim organizacijama, ali i koji također pokazuju kontinuiranu potrebu za samopoboljšanjima. Interes autora u ovom radu vezan je za detekciju govora mržnje prema etnicitetu na društvenim mrežama te istraživanju mogućnosti primjene jezičnih tehnologija u prepoznavanju i sprječavanju širenja govora mrženja. Kvantitativnom i kvalitativnom analizom sadržaja te primjenom niza softverskih rješenja temeljenih na jezičnim tehnologijama omogućena je učinkovita automatska i poluautomatska analiza velike količine korisnički generiranog sadržaja. Korišteni su: program WordFinder za brzi pronalazak riječi u velikim korpusima, alat CRONTIMENT za automatsku dodjelu sentimenta tekstovima na hrvatskom jeziku, aplikacija Text Marker za učinkovito ručno označavanje i izgradnju korpusa. U pojedinim studijama slučaja autori detektiraju promjene u vrstama i frekvencijama pojave govora mržnje u predmetu istraživanja te identificiraju glavne prednosti i nedostatke primjene jezičnih tehnologija, sugerirajući pri tome moguće smjerove razvoja.
Uloga medijskog izvještavanja u razdoblju prvog vala pandemije bolesti COVID-19 u Hrvatskoj
Authors: Đuho Nika , Žagmešter Marija , Škomrlj Matea
Published: January 2023

Početak pandemije obilježen je nedostatkom informacija, znanja i iskustava te se potreba za ontološkom sigurnošću zadovoljavala informiranjem putem medija, znanosti i drugih „ekspertnih sustava“. Pandemiju uzrokovanu COVID-om 19 ne treba promatrati samo kao zdravstvenu ili ekonomsku, već i društvenu krizu koja zahtijeva analizu socijalnog konteksta, društvenih čimbenika i aktera kao prediktora za razumijevanje učinaka i posljedica iste. Mediji su se tijekom pandemijske krize istaknuli kao važan prediktor percepcije rizika i povjerenja između institucija i javnosti. Općenito, našu percepciju prema određenim fenomenima u društvu dugujemo medijima koji izvještavanjem odabiru, izostavljaju, oblikuju ili na svojevrstan način interpretiraju pojedine društvene fenomene. Prema teoriji medijatizacije mediji se promatraju kroz prizmu (su)odnosa sa širim društvenim i institucionalnim okruženjem, stoga su ujedno ključni čimbenici percepcije pojedinih situacija i poticanja određenog tipa ponašanja javnosti. S druge strane, prema modelu zdravstvenih uvjerenja (HBM) socijalno – odgovorno ponašanje (koje se promoviralo putem medija) ovisi upravo o percepciji rizika na vlastito zdravlje i percepciji da će određeno „promovirano“ ponašanje biti učinkovito u borbi protiv rizika. Također, prema teoriji rizika, interpretacija rizika ovisi o socijalnom kontekstu, vrijednostima, interesima i aktivnostima pojedinih društvenih aktera, pa tako i medija, koji utječu na percepciju rizika kao objektivne činjenice ali i društvene konstrukcije (Bagić i Šuljok, 2020: 121). Sukladno spomenutim teorijama, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi percepciju medijskog izvještavanja te učinak medijskog izvještavanja na socijalno-odgovorno ponašanje u razdoblju prvog vala pandemije koje je obilježeno potpunim zatvaranjem ekonomije i društva. Podaci su prikupljeni tehnikom online anketnog upitnika u razdoblju od ožujka do srpnja 2020. godine. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 620 ispitanika. Rezultati upućuju na zaključak kako je pozitivna percepcija medijskog izvještavanja usmjerena ponajprije prema tradicionalnim medijima, poput televizije. Također, rezultati regresijske analize upućuju na zaključak kako je pozitivna percepcija medijskog izvještavanja ovisna o različitim sociodemografskim karakteristikama te kako iste mogu biti poticaj socijalno odgovornom ponašanju.
BEING A WOMAN IN ACADEMIA: RESEARCH IN THE CONTEXT OF CAREER EXPERIENCES
Authors: Bural Yayla Fidan , Yıldırım Mustafa
Published: January 2023

have an advantageous position, are subject to various obstacles. Methods: In the research, phenomenological research design – one of the qualitative research methods – was used. The research’s study group consisted of 20 female faculty members, including three research assistants, six teaching assistants, six assistant professors, two associate professors and three professors working in various cities in Turkey. The branches of the participants and the institutions they work vary. The study group was determined by using the snowball sampling method. In this study, a semi-structured interview type was used. As a data collection tool, a semi-structured interview form was prepared by the researcher. Results: After, expert opinions were taken, and final corrections were made and used as a data collection tool. As a result of the research, the obstacles that female academics face in their work lives, the reasons for these obstacles and the coping strategies that female academics have developed to cope with these obstacles have been revealed. Conclusions: The results of the research indicate that even academics, who have a status in society and require a high level of education, are exposed to various career barriers. Therefore, it is possible to say that gender discrimination affects all women regardless of their status and education level, albeit at different levels and forms.
”Både borgere og bønder og dog ingen af delene”. Småbyfeudalisme i enevældens nordjyske godsejerbyer
Authors: Mührmann-Lund Jørgen
Published: January 2023

“Both burghers and peasants and yet none of them.” Small-town feudalism in manorial towns in North Jutland

Unlike the rest of Scandinavia, few new towns were founded in Denmark in the period from 1500 to 1850. In North Jutland, however, some small towns were founded to trade with the new towns that were established in southern Norway in the 17th and 18th centuries. This chapter examines the Norwegian historian Finn-Einar Eliassen’s theory that the new towns in North Jutland resembled those in southern Norway in the sense that they also lay on private lands and were dominated by private landowners. After the Reformation in 1536, the king seized control of the towns of Thisted and Sæby, which had previously been owned by the church. In Limfjord, the growing fishing port of Nibe lay on royal land. The town had its own court, and the inhabitants did not pay feudal dues. However, when the town land was sold to a manorial lord in 1664, they were obliged to pay feudal dues. Nibe kept its own court and received town privileges in 1727. Løgstør was also a growing fishing port with its own court, situated on royal land. Unlike Nibe, Løgstør’s inhabitants bought their own dues after the town was sold to a manorial lord in 1671, but the town was not granted town privileges like Nibe. Struer grew as a trading port on the land of a manorial lord but was bought by a company of nine burghers from Holstebro in 1799. On the east coast of North Jutland, the crown established garrisons at Hals and Fladstrand after defeats in the Swedish Wars. Hals received town privileges in 1656, but never grew to be a town, whereas Fladstrand grew to be a town on the land of a manorial lord. In 1719, its inhabitants got into a conflict with their lord when they petitioned the king to become burghers free of feudal dues. Instead, the land with its dues was bought by a local merchant in 1749 and by the town government after Fladstrand received town privileges under the new name of Frederikshavn in 1818. On the north-western coast of Jutland, the ports of Klitmøller and Løkken grew as a result of trade with Norway. The ports were dominated by rich peasant merchants that had, despite their status as tenants, the economic power to dominate the manorial lords and the towns of Thisted and Hjørring. The ferry town of Nørresundby grew as a satellite town around the ferry crossing to Aalborg. The inhabitants violated the privileges of Aalborg, but were protected by the lords of this town. In sum, the power relations of the private towns in North Jutland resembled those of their Norwegian counterparts. The private owners had the right to demand feudal dues, but they did not exert power over the courts or the regulation of the towns as in Norway.
Fredriksvern og verksbyene i Norge
Authors: Johannessen Finn Erhard
Published: January 2023

Fredriksvern and the company towns in Norway

About 25 company towns, mostly based on mining, can be identified in Norway in the 18th century, if we include very small ones with 200–300 inhabitants. Most people in a company town worked for the company, which also provided services like schools, churches, healthcare and often food supplies. It is obvious that a company town was a monopoly town. But the monopoly could be public or private, and the towns could be governed from within or remotely. Fredriksvern, which is presented in the most detail here, was an unusual company town, as it was connected to a naval shipyard. The shipyard was publicly owned, and the town can thus be classified as a public monopoly town. Who governed the town? Denmark-Norway was a strongly centralized state, and most decisions about Fredriksvern were made by the central administration in Copenhagen. However, the commander who knew the activity best could be influential by sending suggestions to Copenhagen. By far the biggest company town was Kongsberg, with around 8,000 inhabitants in the middle of the century. It was situated near a public silver mine and can also be classified as a public monopoly town, governed much like Fredriksvern. The five Norwegian copperworks situated in central Norway were, however, privately owned, mostly by shareholders living in Trondheim. Company towns like Røros, Kvikne and Løkken were consequently collective, private company towns, and they were governed remotely. Approximately 15 ironworks were situated in eastern and southern Norway. They were usually owned by individuals and could remain in the same families for generations. The small company towns connected to them can be called individual, private monopoly towns. The owners often lived in the town and behaved patriarchally towards their subordinates. To conclude: The company towns were monopoly towns, either public or private, and in the latter case either collective or individual. With the exception of most of the company towns connected to ironworks, they were governed from outside, in contrast to all other Norwegian towns.
Byeliten på 1700-tallet. De sterke nettverk
Authors: Bull Ida
Published: January 2023

Urban elites in the 18th century: The strong networks

During the 17th and 18th centuries, Norwegian cities changed. The population became more differentiated, and the administrations of cities were adapted to absolute monarchy. Trade was in principle connected to cities, which forced merchants to settle in Norwegian cities to take part in export. Immigrant merchants soon joined the elites in the cities, establishing themselves as centres in networks connecting their regions to the international market. While the King was strengthening his local administration, the new economic elites secured a distinct influence on the economic and political conditions in the cities. This chapter discusses how this elite worked to affect the political administration of the major cities in the four regions in Norway: Bergen, Kristiania, Kristiansand and Trondheim, with a special focus on the latter. All of these cities were obliged to communicate through the King’s servants with Copenhagen. In addition, they all had important trading connections to other cities in Europe.

Immigrant merchants established strong networks in their new cities. Together with the King’s most prominent servants, these merchants constituted the cities’ elites. While the King’s men ruled the city, a consultative board was elected among men with citizenship – “de eligerte menn”. How this board was elected and functioned differed between cities, but in the larger Norwegian cities the international trading merchants monopolised the boards of elected men. Their education and experience from a larger world made their power seem self-evident.

However, towards the end of the 18th century, against the background of the French Revolution, their monopoly was no longer obvious. Citizens with lower status, especially craftsmen, contested the merchants’ power. This chapter discusses how conflict developed and pointed towards a more democratic evolution in the 19th century.
Kronans hantlangare eller självständiga elitborgare? Den tyskbördiga eliten i den svenska staden Nyen i slutet av 1600-talet
Authors: Kepsu Kasper
Published: January 2023

The Crown’s henchmen or independent elite burghers? The German merchant elite in the Swedish town of Nyen in the late 17th century

This article deals with the merchant elite in Nyen, also called Nyenskans, the easternmost Swedish trading town at the far end of the Gulf of Finland. The town was founded in 1642 in the Swedish province Ingria and located in the same place that Saint Petersburg is located today. In the last decades of the 17th century, trade volumes in Nyen greatly increased, mostly because of prosperous transit trade based on naval stores. At the same time, Nyen was a border town with pivotal importance for Swedish military strategy. However, Nyen was destroyed by the Russians in 1703, and the merchants fled.

The most powerful burghers were of German or Baltic-German descent. Some had an ethnic background from Sweden and The Netherlands. The town was dominated by roughly 10–20 families, in particular Hueck and Luhr, closely tied by marriage. The elite families had an important position as mediators in the transit trade between the merchant houses in Amsterdam and Lübeck and suppliers of raw materials from north-eastern Europe. They had commercial experience and good transnational networks as well as political power. The elite merchants were active in long-distance trade, but many also served as city councillors. The ability to lend money to other burghers, in turn, resulted in a strong grip on local trade.

Still, the elite could not control the town without considering the Crown. During the final decades of the 17th century, the central government tightened its grip on the town for military and strategic reasons. Control was looser than in the core areas of Sweden, but stricter than in other towns in the Eastern Baltic provinces. Though state-ruled to a degree, Nyen can also be characterised as a privatized monopoly town and network town.
Arendal 1650–1723 – en monopolby eller en konkurranseby?
Authors: Dørum Knut
Published: January 2023

Arendal c. 1650–1723 – a monopoly town or a competition town?

The small town of Arendal, including the surrounding areas, became the second largest shipping region in Norway around 1700, due to the concentration of power and wealth in the hands of a few families and social networks, and an efficient credit system that created social bonds. All this revolved around a lucrative business: the export of boards and planks to the Netherlands and England. Undoubtedly, Arendal succeeded in accumulating remarkable fortunes and incomes despite the fact that the population around 1720 did not exceed more than 700–750. It is clear that a few families rose to dominate the town and came to control a vast part of the timber trade, and were ultimately regarded as ‘mighty lords’. It was assumed by the state tenants and the inhabitants that the wealthy merchant Lauritz Pedersen Brinch ran the town between 1660–1702. Did Arendal in the period between roughly 1650–1723 fit the typology of a ‘privatized monopoly town’, which resembles what Finn-Einar Eliassen coined a ‘landlord town’, or was it a ‘competition town’? The answer is both yes and no. We do find family dynasties, but their power base seems to be wider and more complex than in Eliassen’s category. Furthermore, Arendal developed to become more like a competition town than a monopoly town.

In this chapter, it will be argued that the town of Arendal tended to be dominated by three families that were strongly intertwined through marriage. Two of these families owned the land on which the town was founded, and this ownership gave them a certain kind of control in the recruitment of new merchants. However, the increasing trend toward tenancy or transfer of land lease contracts between houseowners – often without the approval of the landlords – indicates that control of the land was limited from the perspective of the landlords. Therefore, ownership does not seem to be the key element for economic, political and social dominance, as Eliassen maintains. What appears to have mattered most were the strategic marriages and alliances between families, along with strategic ownership outside the town in connection with trade and transport, especially along the river system. This was followed by a credit system that compelled peasants and labourers to work and deliver timber or lumber at low prices to the wealthy merchant dynasties. However, the family dynasties did not end up monopolizing trade completely. They did not have the power to do so, nor was it in their interest to establish a trade monopoly. The number of families grew between 1650–1723, and by 1720, the town had 15–20 wealthy families. At the same time, about 50 merchant families in the Arendal area were heavily involved in the timber business.
Norske provinsmatadorer: familien Adeler og makten i Kragerø ca. 1620–1760
Authors: Teige Ola
Published: January 2023

Norwegian provincial matadors. The Adeler family and the power in the town Kragerø c. 1620–1760

This chapter describes the Norwegian coastal town of Kragerø and the position of the Adeler family in its political, social and commercial life in the period 1620–1760. It illustrates how local elite families exercised power in such towns in the early modern period, the strategies they used, and the sources of this power. In this regard, Kragerø is close to an ideal example of a town controlled by just one or a few mighty families. For 35 years, it was ruled by a single, undisputed “matador” and for the following 65 years by a small local elite.

In the early 17th century, Kragerø developed as a shipping port for timber products from nearby sawmills. The Adeler family established themselves as sawmill owners, helped by their ties to noble county governors. The first known family member, Søren Jensen, came to the area as a servant to one of these governors. His son, Niels Adeler, inherited his father’s business and expanded it by aggressively acquiring local sawmills, forest properties and shipping businesses. This was fueled by massive lending. Adeler played a leading role when the local merchants successfully petitioned the Danish-Norwegian king to grant the port town rights in 1666. Adeler was then appointed mayor. He was both a royal official and a merchant, and in the 1670s and 80s his family controlled three-quarters of the local trade economy, i.e., ships, import of goods, and sawmills with export quotas. He also controlled the other town offices by using his network and influence with the king to install clients in them. The only power base he did not control was the land the town was built on, which was leased to the houseowners. In similar towns, this asset provided the owners with considerable influence locally. In 1675, Niels Adeler advanced to the post of county governor, while one of his sons inherited the mayoralty. His business expansion led to substantial debt, but he managed to avoid bankruptcy. However, after his death in 1694, his business empire collapsed, leaving nothing to his many children. This chapter documents how two of his sons reacted to the loss of wealth and power with anger and violent attempts to bully the town bailiff into letting them keep their father’s properties. A sister, Anna Adeler Poulsen, married a merchant and stayed on. They built a trading house and became one of the 4–5 elite families who dominated the town. The Adeler Poulsen family lost its position when Anna’s grandsons sold the remaining properties after 1760.
The Dirt
Authors:   , Tuckman Marianne
Published: January 2023

With the mission to make words sweat, this MPHIL encompasses the writing of a metaphoric text for an hour-long solo performance in which physicality and movement are crucial elements, and an academic essay on the practice and challenges involved in the communication of text in embodied live performance. In this context, how does the material of words relate to the body in movement? How can the differences between the two be identified in order for performers and performance makers to use them to their expressive and communicative potential? These questions were explored through active research consisting of practical time spent in the studio (working alone or with colleagues), facilitating workshops in professional, vocational and participative contexts, the development of the solo The Dirt, creative writing and academic research and writing. The project has exposed areas of apparent contradiction in the artistic approaches expressed in words on the one hand and movement on the other. Rather than thinking of ‘dance’ or ‘movement’ therefore I prefer to research and then present states of physicality which run parallel to the text. This produces both resonances and dissonances and has the effect of making the text more expressive when it is experienced alongside the physicality of performing bodies. The Dirt, a one-woman-show, uses these explorations of form to ask ‘[In the context of the climate emergency] is it still OK to have children?’ Physicality is what carries the cumulative narrative structure and underpins its communication through language. The Dirt, encompassing the perspectives of multiple characters and voices, bounces between the literal and the surreal, observations from my everyday life in Berlin (drawing particularly on the experience of working as a babysitter and as a neighbour to the feminist-anarchist squat Liebig34), and abstract dreamlike material.
The Rhythms Arrhythmic
Authors:   , Popp Margaret
Published: January 2023

This project is a creative exploration and response to the great global challenge of climate change through the medium of poetry. It is composed of three parts, namely, a research- based thesis, a community based cultural initiative and a poetry collection that collectively address these questions: The writing of ‘i/Bog’, my poetry collection, is an exposition of the relationship between our human world and the natural world. It is set out as an emotional paradigm to both counter and illuminate the scientific reports on environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity and climate change. We need to look in the creative space to understand loss, legacy, and the imperative to restore harmony in the great cycles of the planet. Figures that tell us of carbon dioxide emissions levels, elevations of sea temperature, species at risk of extinction can be crisp and quantifiable but compete with a welter of data and definitions that obscure meaningfulness. I propose that we need to move beyond the horizon of an understanding formed by tangible evidence into an awareness that speaks to our urgency of being. The writing works it way through this space with an obligation to address two key questions. How do we mediate our relationship with the natural world? How do we acknowledge the existential threat facing nature and by extension human life? Poetry offers a language and a sensory experience that exists in a sphere separate to scientific evidence. Language becomes jargon when we focus on meaning and its precisions. Poetry restores to language a power that is aural and visual as well as verbal. Humans are inspired by stories and a narrative thread gives both a satisfying logical comprehension and sense of security. When we challenge ourselves to move beyond meaning and listen to our senses then we can understand how we can and must redefine our relationship with nature from exploitation to safeguarding. A spiritual space emerges that invites us to merge with the rhythm of the planet and elicit a response that is imaginative and intuitive.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN KEPEMIMPINAN DASAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SELF EFFICACY PADA SISWA SMK
Authors: Fitriany Rany , Ivonesti Syarifah
Published: January 2023

Abstract: The Effects of Basic Leadership Training to enhance  Self-Efficacy of Vocational High School Students.This study is aimed at recognizing the effects of Basic Leadership Training to enhance Vocational High School Students’ Self-Efficacy. The study used quasi-experiment method with the one group pretest-posttest design. Participants were vocational high school students. Self-efficacy was measured using self-efficacy scale, interview and observation. The data were analyzed using paired sample t-test to get the statistical data of measurement for before and after intervention. Study suggested that t= 1.879, sig=0.071 (sig>0.05). it indicates that there is no sinificant effects of basic leadership training to paricipants’ self-efficacy before and after intervention.Abstrak : Pengaruh Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Dasar Untuk Meningkatkan Self Efficacy Pada Siswa SMKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pelatihan kepemimpinan dasar untuk meningkatkan self efficacy siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala Sefl Efficacy, wawancara, dan observasi. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah The one Group Pretest-postest Desaign. Analisis menggunakan menggunakan analisa statistik Paired sample t-test digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan self efficacy siswa SMK sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan pelatihan kepemimpinan dasar. Hasil penelitian self efficacy siswa SMK menunjukan bahwa nilai t sebesar 1,879 dengan sig 0,071 (nilai sig > 0,05) berarti hipotesis ditolak yaitu tidak ada perbedaan self efficacy sebelum pelatihan dan setelah mengikuti pelatihan kepemimpinan dasar siswa SMK. Mean dari skala self efficacy adalah sebesar 5,535 dengan standar deviasi sebesar 15,59. Artinya tidak ada pengaruh peningkatan terhadap self efficacy siswa SMK setelah mengikuti pelatihan kepemimpinan dasar.
HUBUNGAN KECEMASAN STATISTIKA DAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK DENGAN PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK SEBAGAI MODERATOR
Authors: Nisaa Mustika , Siaputra Ide Bagus , Natalya Lina
Published: January 2023

Abstract: The contribution of academic procrastination to the relationship between statistical anxiety and student academic achievement. Statistics is one of the subjects that can arouse students anxiety. Statistics anxiety will have an impact on weakening their level of achievement so that students tend to ignore it because of reluctance and this will worsen the level of student achievement. This study aims to examine the role of academic procrastination in the relationship between statistical anxiety and academic achievement. This research was conducted using a quantitative survey method using measuring instruments SAS (Statistics Anxiety Scale), PPS (Pure Procrastination Scale) and the pre-test, pre-UTS, and UTS scores as benchmarks for academic achievement. Participants were 240 students who active 3rd semester students and take measurement of psychology courses in the 2020/2021 academic year. The results showed that academic procrastination did not act as a moderator in the relationship between statistics anxiety and academic achievement. The conclusion is that students who have statistical anxiety reports as well as delay in assignments do not have a significant impact on their academic achievement.Keywords: statistic anxiety, academic achievement, academic procrastination Abstrak: Hubungan Kecemasan Statistika dan Prestasi Akademik dengan Prokrastinasi Akademik Sebagai Moderator. Statistika merupakan salah satu mata kuliah yang dapat membangkitkan kecemasan mahasiswa. Kecemasan mahasiswa terhadap statistika akan berdampak pada pelemahan tingkat kinerja mereka sehingga mahasiswa menjadi cenderung menunda karena adanya keengganan dan hal tersebut akan semakin memperburuk tingkat kinerja mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran prokrastinasi akademik dalam hubungan kecemasan statistika dan prestasi akademik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif survei (N : 240) mahasiswa aktif semester 3 yang tengah mengambil mata kuliah pengukuran psikologi pada tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Data diperoleh  dengan menggunakan alat ukur SAS (Statistics Anxiety Scale), PPS (Pure Procrastination Scale) serta nilai pre-test, pre-UTS, dan UTS sebagai tolak ukur prestasi akademik mahasiswa.  Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa prokrastinasi akademik tidak berperan sebagai moderator pada hubungan kecemasan statistika dan prestasi akademik. Kesimpulannya bahwa mahasiswa yang memiliki kecemasan statistika sekaligus melakukan penundaan dalam mengerjakan tugas tidak berdampak secara signifikan terhadap prestasi akademiknya.Kata kunci : kecemasan statistika, prestasi akademik, prokrastinasi akademik
Emotional Intelligence and Self Efficacy as A Contributor of Student Mathematics Learning Outcomes
Authors: Ibrahim Ibrahim
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the contribution of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy to mathematics learning outcomes with the research object of 52 grade IX students in the 2020/2021 school year of MTsN 1 Yogyakarta. This type of research is quantitative with ex post facto research methods. The instrument used is a scale of emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis. The results of data analysis show that the value of R = 0.479 and R2 = 0.229 with the probability value in the regression test being 0.002. These results mean that emotional intelligence and self-efficacy contribute to students' mathematics learning outcomes
The relationship between career resilience and subjective well-being: The mediation effect of work stress and career success
Authors: Hartati Like , Mustika Martina Dwi
Published: January 2023

The issue of continuous change in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 and the development of the workforce creates uncertain conditions. This requires employees to be ready and able to face the consequent challenges and changes that occur in their workplace. The numerous demands this imposes can be a threat to employee well-being. The concept of this study was based on (REF) study. However, we included a wider range of subjects, 709 individual employees from various organizations, in Indonesia. The results of a mediation analysis show that career resilience has a positive relationship with life satisfaction and work stress, but there is no mediating effect of work stress and career success in the relationship between these two variables. This result differs from previous studies, which have shown that the relationship between career resilience and life satisfaction is mediated by work stress and career success, with the exception of job level.
Medición de la función esencial en salud pública N.º 11: Reducción del impacto de emergencias y desastres en salud en las direcciones de salud, 2019
Authors: Bazán Vargas Kieffer Segundo
Published: January 2023

Objective: To measure the performance profile of the essential function in public health No. 11: reduction of emergencies and disasters in health. Method: It is a basic and descriptive research, with a population and sample of 25 health departments in the country. The instrument used was a questionnaire adapted and defined by PAHO - WHO. Results: The performance profile was rated as "lower average performance" with a value of 0.41. The strengths identified were: coordination and alliances with other institutions and advice and technical support at the subregional levels and the weaknesses: management and development of standards and guidelines. The main areas to be strengthened are: response planning, assisted patient transport system, development and implementation of preparedness standards. The evaluation of the measurement years 2006 - 2019, at a global level, the performance profile of the EPHF 11 for the year 2006 had a percentage of 0.56, placing it in the "upper medium" performance quartile and for 2019 a "medium upper" performance profile. lower” with a 0.41. There is evidence of a decrease in the percentage of the performance profile by 0.15%. According to the ranking, the first place in performance is the Apurímac Health Directorate with 0.80. Conclusions: The FESP presents a decrease in its performance profile, which would lead the sector to strengthen its indicators.
Kontinuita a diskontinuita ve vývoji české a československé státnosti
Authors: Maršálek Pavel
Published: January 2023

Příspěvek řeší otázku persistence státu v sinusoidách vzestupů a pádů české a československé státnosti. Pokouší se dát odpověď na otázku, zda český stát (potažmo československý stát) v průběhu své existence přetrval diskontinuitní zvraty, kterým čelil, zda byla jeho existence nepřetržitá, resp. jak se jeho státnost z obsahového hlediska proměňovala. Rozebírány jsou dvě situace: 1) přežil český stát ve stále více se integrující habsburské říši, 2) přetrvalo Československo jako stát dramatické události let 1938–1945?
Od rozpadu Rakúsko-Uhorska až po prijatie Trianonskej mierovej zmluvy
Authors: Vrana Vladimír
Published: January 2023

Historické naratívy o udalostiach rokov 1918 – 1920, ktoré vytvorili stredoeurópski právni historici o rozpade multinárodnej rakúsko-uhorskej monarchie, môžeme interpretovať z viacerých hľadísk. Príspevok sa pokúša zmapovať najviac relevantné míľniky, ktoré nakoniec viedli k nevyhnutnej deštrukcii habsburskej monarchie, z pohľadu jej vnútroštátnej a zahraničnej politiky, so zameraním na vedúcich politických predstaviteľov najmä uhorskej vlády, cez spoločensky turbulentné udalostí roku 1919. Výsledkom bol vznik nových, nástupníckych štátov v strednej Európe a celková nestabilnosť nového Maďarska, zápasiaceho s ľavicovým aj pravicovým radikalizmom. Definitívu medzinárodnej koexistencie ČSR a Maďarska prinieslo až podpísanie Trianonskej zmluvy ako zavŕšenie jednej historickej etapy.
Scoping review of children’s and youth’s outdoor play publications in Canada
Authors: de Lannoy Louise , Barbeau Kheana , Seguin Nick , Tremblay Mark S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Since 2015, interest in the benefits of outdoor play for physical, emotional, social and environmental health, well-being and development has been growing in Canada and elsewhere.

Methods

This scoping review aims to answer the question, “How, and in what context, is children’s and youth’s outdoor play being studied in Canada?” Included were studies of any type on outdoor play published after September 2015 in English or French by authors from Canadian institutions or assessing Canadian children and/or youth. Articles retrieved from MEDLINE, CINAHL and Scopus by March 2021 were organized according to eight priority areas: health, well-being and development; outdoor play environments; safety and outdoor play; cross-sectoral connections; equity, diversity and inclusion; professional development; Indigenous Peoples and land-based outdoor play; and COVID-19. Within each priority, study design and measurement method were tallied.

Results

Of the 275 articles included, the most common priority area was health, wellbeing and development (n = 239). The least common priority areas were COVID-19 (n = 9) and Indigenous Peoples and land-based outdoor play (n = 14). Cross-sectional studies were the most common; the least common were rapid reviews. Sample sizes varied from one parent’s reflections to 999 951 data points from health databases. More studies used subjective than objective measurement methods. Across priorities, physical health was the most examined outcome, and mental/emotional development the least.

Conclusion

A wealth of knowledge on outdoor play in Canada has been produced since 2015. Further research is needed on the relationship between outdoor play and mental/emotional development among children and youth.
Facteurs associés à la consommation de cannabis au début de l’adolescence
Authors: Wellman Robert J. , O’Loughlin Erin K. , Sylvestre Marie-Pierre , Dugas Erika N. , O’Loughlin Jennifer L.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Nous avons vérifié si les facteurs connus pour être associés à la consommation de cannabis entre 14 et 16 ans sont aussi associés au fait d’avoir déjà consommé du cannabis à l’âge de 12 ans.

Méthodologie

Les participants à l’étude AdoQuest (n = 1 852) ont été recrutés en 2005 parmi les élèves de 5e année de 29 écoles primaires francophones à Montréal (Canada). Des données autodéclarées ont été recueillies auprès des participants en 5e année (printemps 2005) et en 6e année (automne 2005 et printemps 2006) ainsi qu’auprès de leurs parents ou personnes responsables en 2006-2007. Pour que les participants soient inclus dans l’échantillon d’analyse (n = 1 076; âge médian = 10,7 ans [écart-type : 0,5]), il fallait avoir accès aux données des questionnaires remplis par les participants et par leurs parents de même qu’aux données sur leur consommation de cannabis en 6e année (âge médian = 11,7 ans [écart-type : 0,4]). Nous avons estimé les associations possibles entre le fait d’avoir déjà consommé du cannabis à 12 ans et 33 facteurs de corrélation évalués séparément dans des modèles de régression logistique ajustés et non ajustés.

Résultats

Cinquante-trois participants (4,9 %) ont déclaré avoir déjà consommé du cannabis à l’âge de 12 ans. Les facteurs associés à une consommation étaient un âge plus élevé, s’identifier comme garçon, un faible revenu du ménage, une allocation hebdomadaire élevée, le fait d’avoir déjà consommé des cigarettes ou d’autres produits du tabac, le fait d’avoir déjà bu de l’alcool, le fait d’avoir déjà eu une consommation excessive d’alcool, le fait d’avoir déjà joué à des jeux de hasard, le tabagisme chez les amis ou les frères et soeurs, une dépendance accrue à la nicotine, des symptômes de dépression importants et une forte impulsivité. Les facteurs de protection étaient un niveau élevé de surveillance par les parents ou les personnes responsables des jeunes, une bonne estime de soi et un sentiment d’appartenance à l’école.

Conclusion

Les facteurs associés à la consommation de cannabis à des âges plus élevés sont aussi associés au fait d’avoir déjà consommé du cannabis à l’âge de 12 ans. D’après nos résultats, une surveillance et des interventions visant à prévenir la consommation de cannabis sont nécessaires chez les jeunes de moins de 12 ans.