bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Enhancements of Polysulfone Ultrafiltration Membranes through Blending with Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline Nanofibers
Authors: Liao Yao Zu , Wang Xia , Li Ying , Qian Wei , Li Xiao Yan , Yu Deng Guang
Published: November 2012

High-performance membranes for protein separation are of great interest. In this study, new type of polysulfone (PSf) composite ultrafiltration membranes are created by blending PSf with polyaniline (PANi) nanofibers and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and then casting the mixture solutions via a well-developed non-solvent/solvent induced phase separation technique, using deionized water as the coagulation bath. The compositions, morphologies and properties of as-formed membranes are fully investigated. We demonstrate that membrane characteristics such as porosity, hydrophilicity, conductivity and thermal stability for PSf can be significantly enhanced with the incorporation of hydrophilic and conductive compositions of functionalized-MWNTs and PANi nanofibers. The composite membranes exhibit comparable bovine serum albumin (BSA) selectivities (89-93 vs. 92%) but much improved water fluxes (31.5-88.9 vs. 9.2 gfd/psi) against pure PSf membranes.
Effect of DS on the Structure and Charged Properties of SPSf/PVDF Blend Membranes via Immersion Precipitation Process
Authors: Du Chun Hui , Wu Chun Jin , Wu Li Guang
Published: November 2012

Membrane technology is been widely used in drinking water treatment in order to meet the stringent water quality standards. Among the membrane processes, hydrophilic and charged modification of Ultrafiltration(UF) membranes with high filtration efficiency and antifouling properties are being paid more attention. In this work, sulfonated polysulfone (SPSf) with different degree of sulfonation(DS) was used as the modifier to improve the hydrophilic and charged properties of PVDF blend membranes. FTIR and SEM were used to investigate the chemical structure, polymorphism and morphology of the membranes. The charged and hydrophilic properties of the membranes were investigated by zeta potential analyzer and water contact angle instrument. It was found that, for all the investigated cases, the sulfonic acid groups of SPSf could migrate onto the surface of the membranes by surface segregation, which made SPSf/PVDF blend membranes have good charged and hydrophilic properties. DS of polysulfone(PSf) also affected the morphology of the membranes, a tendency toward regular granular structure, larger average pore size and porosity with the addition of SPSf in the membranes was observed. These phenomena all suggested that SPSf/PVDF blend membranes might have a potential application in the drinking water treatment.
Research on the Optimization of Porosity in Resin Mineral Composite
Authors: Wang Tao , Zhang Jian Hua , Hao Shi Mei , Ren Xiu Hua
Published: November 2012

With good vibration alleviating properties, resin mineral composite (RMC) has been used to produce precision machine tool beds to satisfy the requirements of machining accuracy. Aggregate is one of the key components in RMC to bear loads, its gradation design determines the overall mechanical properties of the composite directly. In this article, an optimal method to determine critical dimension of screen holes is proposed based on Euclidean geometry and Particle interference theory, and the corresponding proportion of each component is adjusted on the basis of fractal theory. Variation tendency of porosity corresponding to different fractal dimension is obtained by using simulation method. On this basis, image processing technology is used to validate the aforementioned assumptions. Experimental results show that the optimal design has smaller porosity performance, which is consistent with the simulation results.
The Comparative Analysis of Wood-Plastic Raw Material to Heat up the Experiment and Simulation of Heat Transfer Process
Authors: Tang Yue , Liu Gang
Published: November 2012

The authors use the semi-infinite objects unsteady heat conduction theory analysis of the dry thermal conductivity of wood-plastic raw materials.The correspondence between theoretical calculations obtained wood-plastic material thickness and heating time, to determine the impact of wood-plastic raw materials in the water on the thermal diffusivity. ANSYS software material preheating and drying heat transfer to simulate the process to draw the curve of the relationship between temperature and time of the temperature rise process of wood-plastic raw materials, raw material moisture content of wood-plastic temperature changes. The comparative analysis of experimental results and simulation results are similar, and provides a reference for the study of predrying of wood-plastic raw materials.
Study on the Properties of Melt Spinning PAN/MWNTs Composite Fibers
Authors: Wang Dan , Han Ke Qing , Zhang Wen Hui , Yan Bin , Tian Yin Cai , Qin Hui Lin , Zhang Jing Jie , Yu Mu Huo
Published: November 2012

Polyacrylonitrile（PAN）/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) composite fibers were prepared by melt spinning using ionic liquids (ILs) as a plasticizer. The effects of different MWNTs contents on the morphology, mechanical and conductive properties of the composite fibers were discussed. The results showed that property improvements have occurred with the adding of MWNTs. When the content of MWNTs reached 10%, the conductivity of PAN/MWNTs was 8.65×10-3 S/cm.
Synthesis and Effect of Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer with Two Different Molecular Polyethers as Side Chain
Authors: Zou Shao Hu , Duan Wu Biao , Wang Xin , Gao Zhen Long , Liu Bo
Published: November 2012

Water-reducing agent was one of the most important concrete admixtures. Its main effect is to reduce the unit water consumption of concrete, increase strength, but also help to improve the durability, make it easy-to-mix. Water reducer has gone to polycarboxylate superplasticizer which has single side chain generally. A kind of new water reducer by choosing 2500 and 600 molecular polyethers as the side chains has the higher water-reducing effect than the traditional one. It is more than 26 on fluidity retention in 2 hours.
Effects of Thixotropic Agent and Storage Time on the Rheological Properties of Epoxy Resin
Authors: Tan Ye Fa , Hao Sheng Qiang , Li Hong Wei , Tan Hua , Zhou Chun Hua , Gao Li
Published: November 2012

In order to modify the rheological properties of epoxy resin adhesive in casting moulding technology and improve its bonding quality, the effects of thixotropic agents of hydrophilic nano-silica, organic bentonite and the composite agent of the two thixotropic ones on the rheological properties of epoxy resin (E-44) were studied by the evaluation parameters of viscosity and thixotropic index in this paper. The variation regulation of rheological properties of epoxy resin (E-44) with different thixotropic agents as the storage time was also investigated. The results show that the two thixotropic agents play a significant role in thickening the density and modifying the thixotropy of the epoxy resin (E-44). Especially, the thickening and thixotropic effects of the composite agent of 3phr hydrophilic nano-silica with 6phr organic bentonite are the most remarkable and the storage stability is also excellent.
Preparation and Properties of Closed Cell Aluminum–Fly Ash Floating Beads Composite Foam
Authors: Luo Hong Feng , Weng Shao Jie , Li Yue , Chen Zhi Shui , Lin Mao
Published: November 2012

Closed cell aluminum–fly ash floating beads composite foam was fabricated by stirring casting method. The reasonable processing parameters are: the foaming temperature is 750°C, the amount of foaming agent is 2%, and the foaming time is 8 min. Quasi-static compression tests shows that stress and strain curve of closed cell aluminum–fly ash floating beads composite foam have three regions, i.e. the elastic region, the stress platform region and the compression region.
Adhesion Effect Model of a Single Biomimetic Fiber Based on JKR Contact Theory
Authors: Wang Hui Jing , He Rui Ying , Liu Jun Yao
Published: November 2012

Fibrillar structure adhesives can adhere strongly to surfaces as a gecko does. The adhesion and detachment of each fiber has significant effects on the adhesion enhancement. In the present study, we report the adhesion effect of a single fiber. Based on the JKR (Johnson-Kendall-Roberts) theory, nonlinear mechanical models are built to formulate the process of adhesion and detachment between a fiber and substrate. Comparisons of the experimental and simulative results reveal consistent process trend of adhesion and detachment, which suggests the potential applicability of the present model.
Tensile Behavior of 2.5D C/SiCN Composites
Authors: Xia Yi , Li Hong Fang
Published: November 2012

Tensile behavior of C fiber reinforced amorphous SiCN ceramic matrix composites (C/SiCN ) were investigated by tensile machine. The microstructure morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that the tensile stress-strain curves of C/SiCN composites dispaly typical elastic deformation and cracks propagation stages. The 1500°C pre-sabilization treatment of C/SiCN in vacuum facilitates room temperature tensile stress growth. The higher treated temperature such as 1900°C is yet opposite. The reasons were attributed to thermal stress relaxation of C/SiCN after pre-stabilization treatment in vacuum.
The Synthesis and Morphology Control of High after-Grow Intensity SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy Phosphors
Authors: Yu Quan Mao
Published: November 2012

High after-grow intensity with controllable morphology SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy phosphors were synthesized by an innovative combustion-melted-salt-assistant-Sol-Gel (CMSASG) method, by using Oxides, Carbonate, Nitric acid, Polyethylene glycols and Urea as raw materials, Gel-forming at 100°C, Combustion under 450°C, Melted-salt-calcination at 1250°C. The luminescent intensity and after-grow intensity of the SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy phosphors with the suitable pair-dope synthesized by CMSASG method are higher than those of commercial samples. The size of the phosphor with excellent luminescent characteristics and shape of sphericity or near sphericity synthesized can be controlled from about 200 nm to 10 μm.
The Lithium Doping Effect on (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 Lead-Free Piezo-Ceramics Structure Stability and Ferroelectric Characteristics
Authors: Hwang Chuan Chou , Chou Chen Chia , Wang Jyh Liang , Hsieh Tsang Yen , Tseng Jui Te
Published: November 2012

The structure stability、micro-structure and electrical properties of lithium doping on potassium sodium niobate ceramics (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 (NKN) were investigated in this study. Solid oxide mixing method with post calcination and sintering was employed to fabricate(Na0.5K0.5)(1-x) LixNbO3 ceramic. Lithium oxide was adopted as the sintering aids. For Li doping x=6 mol% in (Na0.5K0.5)(1-x) LixNbO3 ceramic a optimal crystallization and electrical properties could be achieved after 650°C calcination and 1060°C sintering. Ferroelectric properties of the lead-free ceramic behaved a coercive field of 12.5kV/cm and remanent polarization as high as 30uC/cm2.
Optical and Dielectric Characteristics of Photoactive Layer Thin Films for Organic Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Chen S.B. , Zhong Z.Y.
Published: November 2012

The thin films of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH- PPV) used as photoactive layer in organic photovoltaic cells were prepared on glass substrates by the spin-coating technique. The transmittance spectra of thin films were measured by a double beam spectrophotometer. The optical constants such as refractive index and extinction coefficient of the thin films were determined from the measured transmittance spectra using the method of whole optical spectrum fitting. The complex dielectric constant and the complex optical conductivity of the thin films were obtained. In addition, the optical bandgap of the thin film were calculated according to the Tauc's law. The results show that the thin films exhibit direct allowed transitions and the optical bandgap is about 2.18 eV. These results provide some useful references for the design and optimization of device structure in organic photovoltaic cells.
Microstructure Evolution of In Situ Synthesized VC Reinforced Iron Matrix Composites
Authors: Wang Jing , Fu Si Jing , Jiang Shu Yong , Cheng Hong
Published: November 2012

Iron matrix composite reinforced with VC reinforcements was produced by in situ synthesis technique. The microstructure of the composites was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The micrographs revealed the morphology and distribution of the reinforcements. The results show that the composite consists of VC carbide as the reinforcing phase and α-Fe as the matrix. The distribution of spherical VC particulates in iron matrix is uniform, and the matrix microstructure of Fe-VC composite is pearlite.
Photocatalytic Oxidation Thiophene Using Nano-TiO2
Authors: Zhang Zong Wei , Liu Ming Xiong , Zhai Jia Gang
Published: November 2012

Photocatalytic oxidation of thiophene using Nano-TiO2 at ultraviolet lamp irradiation has been studied. The result showed thiophene was photooxidized successfully. First Nano-TiO2 powder with photocatalytic activity were prepared by sol-gel progress.Second the photo-degradation of thiophene on titanium dioxide was investigated.The reaction also features the photocatalytic activity of Nano-TiO2.
Probing the Structure and Visible Light Photocatalytic Mechanism of LaVO4/TiO2 Composite Using XRD, BET, and EPR
Authors: Huang Han Jie
Published: November 2012

In this work, a visible light-induced LaVO4/TiO2 composite has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) to reveal the structure and visible light photocatalytic mechanism for the decompostion of benzene in gas-phase. Based on the experimental results, a visible light-induced photochemical processes on LaVO4/TiO2 are proposed and elucidated.
The Performance Analysis of LPG as the Vehicle Fuel
Authors: Ding Xian Long , Si Jing Ping , Wang Guo Sheng
Published: November 2012

As the global shortage of oil resources and the rapid increase in car ownership, using gas as the alternative fuel is getting more and more important. Gas fuel, such as CNG (compressed natural gas)/LNG (liquefied natural gas) and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), with resource-rich, less pollution and other features, are desirable alternative fuels for cars. Through engine bench test, a comparative analysis of power performance between LPG-single fuel engine and gasoline engine was done. The result shows that, by applying LPG injection on single-fuel engine, the power of the LPG engine increases to a higher level than gasoline engines. And combined with the analysis based on the study of domestic development of NGV, predictions could be made that new fuel vehicles will be well utilized in future.
Study on Influence of Geometric Parameters on DMFC Performance Based on Experiments and CFD Simulations
Authors: Yu Biao , Zhao Han
Published: November 2012

To investigate the influence geometric parameters on the performance of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), experimental study and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on modeling are conducted in the research. Three types of geometric configurations with serpentine flow channels and similar open areas with different widths are fabricated to be tested. The experimental results show that the geometric configuration with narrower width has better performance. To explain and understand such phenomena, a CFD based modeling is introduced. The model results show that the geometric configuration with narrower width has higher pressure inside the diffusion layers and more delivery of fuel and oxygen to the catalyst layers. Since high pressure and high fuel and oxygen delivery can improve the DMFC performance, the CFD model provides very good explanations to the experimental phenomena. The research results could provide some very useful guidelines for the design and optimization of DMFC system.
Experimental Studies on Enriching Vanadium from Vanadium Tailings Carbon-Containing Pellets by EAF Melting
Authors: Wu En Hui , Yang Shao Li , Huang Ping , Hou Jing
Published: November 2012

The process of smelting reduction by electric arc furnace was adopted to enriching vanadium to iron from vandium tailings,study the effect of vanadium recovery in the carbon-bearing pellet with different coal ratio、alkalinity and smelting time.Design experimental scheme using orthogonal test principle and experimental results was systematically analysed by the comprehensive methods of intuitive analysis and the optimum process parameters were determined. The optimized process conditions are obtained by one-factor at a time tests for recovery vanadium from vanadium tailings as follows: coal ratio of 12%, alkalinity of 1.5, roasting time of 15min.
Improving the Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO4/C Cathode by Selection of Carbon Source
Authors: Lin Yan , Huang Xiao Hua , Guo Ren Qin , Xu Ai Jiao , Shi Qin Yi
Published: November 2012

LiFePO4/C composite was synthesized by an easy sol-gel method using FeC2O4•H2O as iron source, citric acid and ethylene glycol as carbon source. The results showed that citric acid was inclined to leave more carbon in the synthesized material than ethylene glycol was and the carbon content increased greatly with the increasing amount of citric acid. When ethylene glycol was applied as carbon source, it left only a few amount of carbon (1.6 wt%) in the material. By optimizing the addition of carbon source, LiFePO4/C particles with uniform carbon coating and a little carbon content was obtained. The LiFePO4/C composite synthesized with 1/1 ratio of ethylene glycol to cations demonstrated the best electrochemical performance with its capacity of 143 mAh/g at 0.1C and 110 mAh/g at 1C within the voltage range of 2.5-4.2V (vs. Li/Li+). The results will provide ideas for the improvement of overall properties of LiFePO4 material for its application in the field of electric vehicles.
Research of LiFePO4 as Positive Electrode Materials
Authors: Sun Ling Na
Published: November 2012

LiFePO4 is a promising cathode material for the next generation of a lithium-ion rechargeable battery. This paper introduces the research progress in recent years on LiFePO4 as positive electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. The methods of the preparation and modification, relation ship between structure and performance, and prospect of olivine-type lithium iron phosphate cathode materials was reviewed. Porous structures offer the potential to improve the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4.
Study on Removal of Iron and Manganese from Mine Water by Method of Medicament
Authors: Hou Lei Lei , Wang Yu Qi , Gao Tie , Jiang Jia Jing
Published: November 2012

Use single and coexistence of simulated mine water contains Fe2+ and Mn2+ as processing object, the new NWMO medicament on Fe2+ and Mn2+’s removal efficiency, NWMO dosage, pH, reaction time and temperature on NWMO’s removal efficiency were investigated. When treated mine water only contains Fe2+, the appropriate conditions of the factors are that NWMO dosage/Fe2+ content=19:1, pH=5, room temperature, the reaction time is 10min, and the removal rate of Fe2+ is more than 80%; When treated mine water only contains Mn2+, the appropriate conditions of the factors are that NWMO dosage/Mn2+ content=22:1, pH=6, 35°C, the reaction time is 10min, the removal rate of Mn2+ is more than 60%; When the processing of Fe2+ and Mn2+ coexistence of mine water, the appropriate conditions of the factors are that NWMO dosage/Fe2+content=19:1, Fe2+ content/Mn2+ content=5:1, pH=6, 35°C, the reaction time is 10min, the removal rate of Fe2+ can be as high as 100%, and the highest Mn2+ removal rate can amount to 75%. In view of the current mine water quality characteristics that contains Fe2+ and Mn2+, the NWMO medicament is very suitable, and can achieve quick and efficient removal of iron and manganese.
Mechanism of CeVO4/TiO2 Photocatalytic Degradation of VOCs under Visible Light Irradiation: Electrochemical, Photoluminescence and Active Oxygen Species Study
Authors: Huang Han Jie , She Wen Long , Yang Ling Wen
Published: November 2012

In this paper, CeVO4/TiO2 composite photocatalyst has been characterized by photoelectrochemical and reactive oxygen species trap techniques to reveal the mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of VOCs in gas-phase. Based on the measurement of flatband of the samples and the detection of reactive oxygen species, a visible light-induced photocatalytic degradation mechanism of VOCs on CeVO4/TiO2 is proposed.
Sol-Gel Synthesis of N-Doped Mesoporous TiO2 with High Crystallinity and High Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Guo Xiao Ling , Wang Xiang Dong , He Feng
Published: November 2012

N-doped mesoporous TiO2 with high surface area and crystallinity were synthesized by sol-gel method using polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the complex templates. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption-desorption, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It is found that when the weight ratio of PAM and PEG is 1:4, the sample, prepared at 600 °C in nitrogen and at 500 °C in air, is anatase phase and has high surface area and crystallinity. The particle size and pore size of the sample are about 10 nm and 17 nm respectively. Compared with that of the undoped mesoporous TiO2, the absorption band edges of N-doped samples exhibit an evident red-shift. The results of the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) show that N-doped sample appears to have higher photocatalytic activity under visible light than undoped sample.
Low-Temperature Preparation of Porous Cordierite-Mullite Ceramics Using Rice Husk as Silica Source and Pore-Forming Agent
Authors: Guo Wei , Lu Hong Bin , Feng Chun Xia , Sun Jian , Sun Hai Feng , Zhou Jie , Shen Jia Jun
Published: November 2012

Si and C of rice rusk were used as silica source and pore-forming agent to prepare cordierite-mullite ceramics at 1380°C for 5 h soaking. The Nd2O3 additive was added to improve the sintering properties. The bending strength, porosity, and thermal expansion coefficient were measured. The composition was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructures of the sintered samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cordierite-mullite ceramic doped with 2% Nd2O3 have high prorosity and low thermal expansion coefficient, its bending strength reaches 20.55 MPa. The addition of Nd2O3 decreases the mullite formation temperature to 1200 °C
Recycle of Trimethyl Chlorosilane from Chlorosilane Waste
Authors: Zhang Lu Hong , Li Xue Gang , Yang Na , Xiao Hong
Published: November 2012

An effective method was proposed to recycle trimethyl chlorosilane (Me3SiCl) from chlorosilane waste generated by chlorosilane plants to produce hexamethyldisiloxane (Me3SiOSiMe3) and trimethylethoxysilane (Me3SiOEt) through hydrolysis and alcoholysis with ethanol, respectively. And this method had been used successfully in a chemical plant of Hebei Hongxing in North China. The concentration of Me3SiCl in the waste stream varied between 40 wt%~80 wt% mixed with SiCl4, Me2SiCl2, and a smaller amount of 2-MeC5H11 and 3-MeC5H11. Laboratory experiments were performed using simulated wastes in order to obtain optimal operational parameters and validate the feasibility of the method.
Synthesis of Cationic Starch Flocculant and Properties
Authors: Ma Ya Feng , Wang Yu Qi , Zheng Lan , Gao Tie , Jiang Jia Jing
Published: November 2012

Based on the high turbidity feature of mine water, Glutinous Rice Starch(St)- Acrylamide(AM) graft polymer cationic flocculant was synthesised by copolymerization with St and AM as materials, ammonium persulfate and sodium hydrogen sulfite as the initiator, 2.3-glycigyl trimethyl ammonium chloride were used as cationic agent. The optimum condition of cation was established through orthogonal experiments: reaction time is 4 hrs, St dosage is 5g, mass ratio of AM and St is 4:1, dosage of initiator is 1.4g, GTA dosage is 2.6g, NaOH dosage is 0.24g, etherification reaction time is 2.5 hrs, reaction temperature is 70°C. The performance of the cationic starch flocculant used as the mine wastewater treating was evaluated.
Research on the Application of Expanded Perlite Cement Grinding Aids
Authors: Xie Lei , Liu Bo , Wang Xin , Liu Huan Yi , Duan Wu Biao
Published: November 2012

A kind of composite grinding aids was developed of expanded perlite and grinding aids M-1,and the effect of grinding on it was analyzed by cement powder fineness, specific surface area, laser particle size analysis, SEM image and cement mortar strength performance test. The composite grinding aids have outstanding grinding effect, which shield surplus electric charge, prevent the agglutination between particles, increase the standard water consumption, and decrease the condensation time. Furthermore, the influence of cement properties were tested, and results indicate that the total testing standards meet JC/T667-2004 of grinding aids.
Study on the Concentration Process of Glutamic Supernatant Fluid by Vacuum Membrane Distillation and the Reuse of Product Water
Authors: Yang Shi Chun , Lv Xiao Long
Published: November 2012

The optimal decoloring conditions for glutamate supernatant in orthogonal experiment are: 15g/l bentonite concentration, 2h decoloring time, and 40°C decoloring temperature. VMD technology can concentrate glutamate supernatant filtrate from 2.01% to 5.35%, and bring down flux from 6.71 L/m2h to 1.94L/m2h, at a concentration rate of 1.72 times. The glutamic acid concentration in supernatant fluid is enriched from 2.03% to 5.16%, and flux attenuated from 5.47 L/m2h to 1.91 L/m2h. As glutamic acid concentration in supernatant increases, membrane flux gradually decreases. Analysis of water production in glutamate supernatant membrane distillation and the meteorological chromatograms of glutamic acid filtrate prove that the difference between water-yielding peak time of supernatant fluid and that of the filtrate is less than 0.1 min. The volatile substances during water production are from glutamic acid filtrate and are of the same matter. Therefore, the product water in supernatant fluid membrane distillation can be reused to improve water production efficiency.
Biodegradability of Cellulose Fibers and the Fabrics in Activated Sludge
Authors: Niu Jian Tao , Zhang Xiao Ying , Pei Na Na , Tian Qi Lei
Published: November 2012

Fabrics of cellulose fibers such as cotton, ramie and viscose were buried in activated sludge, the biodegradability of cellulose fibers and their fabrics were studied. And the relations between degradation rates, morphological structure and crystal structure of these fibers and degradation time were analyzed. The results indicated that, under the same conditions, degradation rate of viscose fiber was higher than that of cotton and ramie fibers. With the increase of degradation time, breakage to the fabrics occurred, meanwhile, fibers showed an increase of surface roughness and displayed a lot of tiny cavities and cracks. In the process of degradation, these cellulose fibers of cotton, ramie and viscose all formed new diffraction peaks near the place of 2θ=26.5°, in addition, the degrees of crystallinity of these fibers were fluctuated.
Experimental Research on Hybrid Strategy and Desulfurization for White Mud and Coal Slurry
Authors: Jiang Ai Peng , Wang Jian , Wang Chun Lin , Ding Qiang , Jiang Zhou Shu
Published: November 2012

White mud is a kind of solid waste from the papermaking process, because of the high pH value and desulfurization material, it can be used as a desulfurization agent. Coal slury is the waste from the coal washing process and generally be used as fuel. This paper studies the hybrid method for white mud and coal slurry to be transported by pipeline, and the furnace desulfurization effect with the mixture. Rheological properties of coal slury and white mud was analyzed, and then based on the rheological data the coal slurry, white mud and water mixed strategy was obtained. By altering calcium sulfur ratio and operation parameters of boiler, fluidizing bed boiler desulphurization effect was tested with the mixture, the economic analysis was also performed through comparision of operational cost. The result shows that the proposed hybrid method is not only relatively simple, but also has the characteristics of good desulfurization effect, high desulfurization efficiency, and good economy. The study has important guiding meaning for desulphurization of coal slurry fluidized bed boiler.
Adhesive Evidence for Gecko-Inspired Biomimetic Fiber: Combination of Experiments and Modeling
Authors: Wang Hui Jing , Chen San Feng , Liu Jun Yao
Published: November 2012

A gecko-inspired silicone rubber array was successfully fabricated by ICP etching strategy. Adhesion properties of this gecko-inspired structure were studied through two parallel and independent approaches: experiments and model simulations. In our former work, based on the JKR (Johnson-Kendall-Roberts) contact theory, we proposed a nonlinear mechanical model to formulate the adhesion between a fiber and substrate. Now SPM experimental results verify the maximum adhesion force; show that fiber structure has being relatively better adhesion than unstructured. Moreover, some experimental phenomena explained by our present model.
Novel Preparation and Characterization of Calcium-Strontium Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Shi He Bin , Zhong Hong , Liu Yu , Tian Xing , Liang Ming Chuan
Published: November 2012

Calcium-strontium hydroxyapatite [Ca5-xSrx(PO4)3OH, Ca-SrHA] were prepared by a novel coprecipitation process. The homogeneous aqueous solution of calcium nitrate, strontium nitrate and phosphoric acid was used as starting material, and ammonia was used as precipitator. A series of Ca-SrHA samples had been synthesized by adding ammonia into the precursor solution to pH10 and following aging at 60°C for 18h. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that so-prepared samples present essential characteristics of Ca-SrHA. All samples have a short rod-like morphology. The cell parameters of Ca5-xSrx(PO4)3OH are linear to the value of x, and the infrared absorption bands of PO43- groups shift to lower wave numbers with the increase of x.
Quantitative Effects of Oxygen Supply on Mycelia Growth and Extracellular Polysaccharide of Ganoderma tsugae
Authors: Narkprasom Nukrob , Huang Tzou Chi , Guu Yuan Kuang
Published: November 2012

The quantitative effects of oxygen supply in terms of shaking speed and medium volume on the production of mycelia and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) using Ganoderma tsugae in submerged fermentation were investigated. Mycelia growth required the proper shaking speed at 134 rpm for breaking a larger pellet into several smaller pellets. Furthermore, high level of medium volume for consumption of abundant nutrient is needed for maximum mycelia growth. For EPS, a high agitation is needed to promote a good mass transfer for achieving high product concentrations recovery. The appropriate medium volume was found to be 150.4 mL for aiding to produce a secondary metabolite by promoting the mass transfer of substrates. The dry cell mass (DCM)-EPS diagram of G. tsugae was created from the both production equations which this diagram is an useful tool for submerge fermentation industry for decision about to control the both productions.
Lignocellulosic Microparticles Reconstituted from Legume Straw-1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride-Water Solution
Authors: Wei Li Gang , Ma Ying Chong , Li Kun Lan , Wang Ji Lei , Yu Ya Chen
Published: November 2012

A legume straw-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl)-water solution (dissolved lignocelluloses content: 1.5 wt%) was firstly prepared at 150 °C for 2 h. Lignocellulosic microparticles formation was investigated by adding the reconstitution agent (water, ethanol or acetone) at different reconstitution agent/solution ratio (0.1~0.3 ml/ml). The results indicate that lignocellulosic microparticles (< 17 µm) can be produced in this reconstitution process. The size distribution of obtained microparticles shows normal distribution. The average size of particles increases with an increase of reconstitution agent/solution ratio. The addition of ethanol or acetone promotes the particles aggregation and results in larger particles formation than that of water.
Establishment and Analysis of the Fermentation Medium Model of Phellinus igniarius
Authors: Zhu Zi Ping , Li Na , Liang Ren Jie
Published: November 2012

In order to optimize the Phellinus Linteus fermentation medium, the wheat flour content, the rice bran content, the KH2PO4 content and the MgSO4 content have been regarded as the independent variables and the fermentation yield has been considered as the dependent variable. The quadratic regression orthogonal rotating combination design method has been adopted to build the model for Phellinus Linteus fermentation medium formula. And this model has been also analyzed in this paper. The results have shown that the most important factors which affect the fermentation yield include the content of rice bran, the flour content, the KH2PO4 content and the MgSO4 content. There exists the significant interaction between the content of rice bran and the MgSO4 content, promote each other’s using. The optimal fermentation medium formula of Phellinus Linteus are: the wheat flour content of 5.16%, the rice bran content of 1.38%, the KH2PO4 content of 0.094%, the MgSO4 content of 0.054% The experimental results have shown that the model fits well with the actual situation and the credibility is higher.
Swift Self-Starting Design of Sequential Logic Circuit Based on Karnaugh Map
Authors: Guo Wei Jia , Wang Shu Bao , Mei Gui Jing , Zhang Xiu Mei
Published: November 2012

To make the circuit self-start swiftly in the environment with much disturbance, according to the principle of being propitious to simplify state equation and output equation, assigned a next state for each bound term on Karnaugh map, and the next state must be a state of the valid cycle, at last tested the method by simulation. In the simulation, imitated the disturbance by the set pin or reset pin of flip-flop. The simulation based on electronics workbench 5.0C shows the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.
AGC Control of Scheduling with Distributing Power Generation and Performance Study
Authors: Wan Xing , Zhang Xiao Li
Published: November 2012

Abstract: Scheduling plans of running a large, traditional power grid often distribute power resources in each small system. And they didn’t take the scope of scheduling operation within the power distribution system into consideration. With the trend separate transmission and distribution, the number of distributed generators that installed is growing rapidly. More and more micro-grid network composed of low-voltage distribution power network are formed. With effective regulation, this system can satisfy local load demand and support networking. The establishment of mechanisms such as AGC support services, with be vital to insure the power quality and reliability. Keywords: distributing power Micro-Grid DG AGC
Motion Trajectory Tracking Method for Vehicle Steering Based on Dynamic Surface Control
Authors: Gu Jun , Fan Jun , Shen Huan
Published: November 2012

Focus on the problem of steering trajectory tracking, a tracking control law based on dynamic surface is proposed. Other than existing methods, this paper considers combined lateral position and yaw synchronously control. The first order low pass filter is used to obtain the differential items of the lateral position and yaw, so as to eliminate the high order derivative from the final expression of the close loop law. This characteristic is very useful especially in real applications. The Lyapunov approach is employed to analysis the stability of the tracking system, and the convergence of the system is achieve. Simulation result validates the outstanding effectiveness of the proposed method for steering trajectory tracking.
Comprehensive Evaluation Research on Human-Machine Relationship of CNC Machining Center in Furniture Manufacturing
Authors: Bai Ping , Bai Hua , Zhai Yu Li
Published: November 2012

Considering the characteristics of a furniture production, a man-machine relationship assessment system is developed for its CNC Machining Center by using the multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The evaluation factors are chosen based on the ergonomic principles. The membership function is determined by using expert survey method. The final evaluation result can be got by a fuzzy aggregation algorithm. An example is examined using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. It is a simple and scientific way to access the man-machine relationship of CNC machining center in a furniture enterprise.
Model-Based Fault-Diagnosis of Electronic Throttle System
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhao Yang
Published: November 2012

The designed electronic throttle control systems are able to diagnose faults, which affects the proper performance of the system. In this study, a fault-diagnosis algorithm of electronic throttle system based on parameter estimation is presented, using a simplified version of the DC motor model so as to minimize the relevant computation. By means of the Butterworth digital filtering state equation, the signal’s filtering value as well as its first-order and second-order derivatives are obtained. Thus, the operational precision is improved and the error influence from derivative discretization is avoided. The experimental results are consistent with the proposed algorithm employed in fault analysis.
To Achieve Football Interception of Soccer Robots Based on Prediction
Authors: Liu Huan , Wang Jian , Li Jin Feng
Published: November 2012

Interception is a very important technological movement in robot football match. In this text, prediction of sport among the playing area, set football robot sport model, we have put forward the scheme of realizing interception movements fast，effectively ,and have verified the feasibility of the scheme in the real system.
The Operator Workflow Analysis and Skill Standards Determined for Multi-Variety and Small Batch Processing Post
Authors: Chen Wei Zeng
Published: November 2012

The method of the traditional workflow design and the skill standards hadn’t been in meeting its demands according to the characteristic of Multi-variety and small-batch processing. The operator workflow analyses were divided into three parts to be discussed in this paper as a common content workflow, character content workflow and temporary content workflow. The general content workflow was optimized by using the classics work study method and choosing the scene team on the other two modules. A new analysis method which took crombag skill defines as the indication basis, was established for the operator workflows, and considering the essential factor as the analysis objects. The designed new module type workflows were divided the work contents of the standard into the Multi-variety and small-batch processing, which promoted the post work ordering and highly effective. Its characteristic of the rationale and the objective basis reduces the ingredients, and provides the operator training and recruitment.
Mechanical Structure Design of Ontology of the Automatic Line-Tracking Inspection Device Based on Pro/E Modeling and the Kinematics Analysis
Authors: Luo Sheng Mei , Tian Le , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2012

A new line-tracking inspection device which can move on the high voltage transmission lines and control on the ground by people is presented in this paper. The device has three mechanical arms, every arm can lift and rotate automatically, and manipulator can open and close automatically. The flexible design is used in lower riding wheel, this design can make the upper and lower riding wheel automatically adjustment, so as to adapt to the change of wire diameter. Automatic checking and autonomous negotiating obstacles are realized successfully in this device. The biggest breakthrough is that its automatic on-line or off-line can be completed by operator operating the auxiliary tools on the ground. This article uses the Pro/E modeling software set up the virtual prototype of the line-tracking inspection device based on characteristic parameter model. The process of on-line or off-line automatically and the process of negotiating obstacles are discussed in this paper. Using the product of exponentials formula based the on screw theory, the kinematics analysis is processed in this paper. The forward and inverse solution of kinematics equations is presented and at last the Jacobian matrix is given. The results of experiments with simulation transmission lines demonstrate that the device has realized the specified work tasks and runs smoothly.
Research on Intelligent Controller of Solar Lighting System
Authors: Liu Xing Qiao , Chen Yan
Published: November 2012

After discussing the charging and discharging characteristics of valve regulated lead acid(VRLA) battery, we described the working principle of UC3906. Then designed the controller of 12V battery charge circuit, 12V battery discharge protection circuit and lamp detection control circuit. This controller achieved automatic switch of lighting system, it could efficiently charge the battery and avoid over-charge or over-discharge. The result showed that this controller extend the life of the battery.
Study of Wireless Electricity Acquisition System Based on GPRS for Seawave Power
Authors: Li Duan Song , Liu Yan Jun , Peng Peng Jian
Published: November 2012

This paper presents a new wireless electricity acquisition system based on General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology which is designed according to the requirements of the seawave power for real-time and reliability of data transmission. The direct connection between GPRS network and Internet is effectively used in this system to establish the wireless communication channel, so as to realize the real-time and reliable collection and transmission of the power parameters of the seawave power system. The communication principles and characteristics of the GPRS technology are systematically introduced in this paper. The hardware and software composition, communication model and implementation of the wireless power acquisition system are described particularly. Extensive experiments show that the system has advantages of simple structure, high transfer rate, low running cost and high reliability.
The Occurrence of Special Components in Blast Furnace Slag of Baotou Iron and Steel Company
Authors: Luo Guo Ping , Ban Yan , Wang Yi Ci , Yu Wen Wu , Jiang Qi
Published: November 2012

The mineral composition of the solidified blast furnace slag and the occurrence of special components CaF2, K2O, Na2O, RexOy and ThO2 were researched by optical microscope analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. The results showed that the major minerals in solidified furnace slag are akermanite and gehlenite; the special component CaF2 is not hosted in the cuspidine (3CaO•2SiO2•CaF2), but in the magnesium and aluminum silicate mineral; the special components K2O，Na2O is hosted in akermanite, magnesium and aluminum silicate mineral and perovskite; the element thorium cannot form an independent mineral, but coexist with the rare earth element Ce in the perovskite. The results will lay a foundation for further study on the influence of these special components on the crystallization behavior of glass-ceramics.
Calculation of Large Rigid Body Pose and Technology of Synchronous Coordinating Control for Multi-Axis
Authors: Qu Wen Tai , Dong Feng Lian , Guo Jing
Published: November 2012

Calculation of large rigid body pose and its high precision control was studied in the paper. Aiming at the 6-DOF large rigid body pose control system, a fast calculation approach to the pose and a high precision multi-axis coordinating control system was presented. Firstly, based on a global frame and a body-fixed frame system, which were established on the basic platform and the center of the large rigid body respectively, a mathematic model of large rigid body kinematics is formulated. By detecting the started positions and final positions of four marks on the large rigid body, we can calculate the displacement increments of three coordinates of the four supports. The simulation results show that the proposed approach is rapid and effective. Secondly, a compensation technology of synchronization error integral was proposed for the large rigid body pose control system. By the technology, the precision and speed of large rigid body posing can be significantly improved; and so it has guiding significance for engineering application.
The Research of Robot Handheld Intelligent Terminal System Base on ARM9
Authors: Xin Xin , Wang Guo Dong , Xiao Ju Liang , Wang Gang
Published: November 2012

Traditional developments of intelligent terminal system could control only one robot and most were based on WinCE platform, which have poor versatility and expansibility. The robot hand intelligent terminal system proposed by this paper was an embedded equipment based on AT91 series chip. It had good human-machine interface with Linux system and Qt4 as software support. It adopted touch-screen technology and I2C keyboard as input device. It had two kinds of programming method, manual teaching-programming and off-line programming. The test shows that its volume is small and its weight is light to easy to operate robot handily.
Study of Tobacco-Redrying System Based on Fuzzy PID Control
Authors: Zhu Yu Yu , Zhou Ya Jun
Published: November 2012

The process of tobacco-redrying has the characteristics of lagging, uncertainty and being nonlinear, so it is unable to satisfy every performance target only by using the traditional PID controlling method. In response to this reality, this paper, by using the fuzzy inference ability of fuzzy control, proposes a fuzzy PID based control scheme to achieve the online adjustment of the PID parameters in tobacco-redrying process and to make them in the required range. Simulation results show that the controller can effectively control the process of tobacco-redrying.
Design and Simulation of DC Speed Regulating System Based on Fuzzy Control
Authors: Wang Li Hong
Published: November 2012

PID control is adopted in traditional DC speed regulating system. In start process the current super adjustment value is big. When adding load perturbation and voltage perturbation suddenly, its dynamic state function will be decended. Aimming at this problem, a kind of improved system was put forward. The speed modulator used fuzzy PID controller, according to e and ec, the parameters of the modulator can be modified on line. The current modulator adopted integral separable PID control method. The simulation results indicated that the improved system has better dynamic state function and anti- Rao function. Particularly the start current wave closes to the ideal rectangle wave more. So the responding speed of the system can be sped.
Kinematics Analysis of Four-Legged Walking Robots for Grabbing Object
Authors: Zou Jing Chao , Wang Liang Wen , Wang Chuan Peng , Chen Wei Hong
Published: November 2012

Development of integrated hand-foot function is the inevitable choice for the practical application of multi-legged robots. In this paper, a new type of robot which has the structure of four-legged walking robot based on hand-foot-integration is introduced. The image system is installed in the body of the robot, which is used to direct the robot to complete grabbing object. Kinematics relations of grasping states of robot are described. The inverse kinematic is analyzed in details. Firstly, the structure of the robot is introduced. Secondly, the kinematics relation of serial manipulator with grasping function is researched. Finally, the inverse kinematics of robot in grasping object is obtained. The relevant formula is deduced in this paper, and the formula expression is given. The analysis process is last verified through a numerical example. The model can be used for motion control of robot.