bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Site Planning and Orientation for Energy Efficiency: A Comparative Analysis on Three Office Buildings in Kuala Lumpur to Determine a Location for Building Shading Device
Authors: Naamandadin Nurul Akmam , Sapian Abdul Razak , Mohd Noor Siti Nur Aishah
Published: July 2016

A well-designed energy efficient building provide long term building optimisation while minimising the energy. Site planning and orientation of the building plays an important factor at the early stage of any development. Especially to determine the best location for the building opening and windows and also the suitable materials to enhance comfort to the occupants and reduce the energy consumption. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the site planning and orientation of the selected office building. The benchmark for the analysis will be based on the architectural and passive design component provided in MS 1525:2007 for the site planning and orientation through comparative analysis. Three energy efficient office building in Kuala Lumpur were selected in this research. This case study is important in helping to understand the relationship between site planning, building orientation, energy efficiency and cost effectiveness.
Experiential meaning of a decent quality of work life for nurse managers in a university hospital
Authors: Brousseau Sylvain , Cara Chantal M. , Blais Régis
Published: July 2016

Objective: Successive reorganizations of healthcare system around the globe have placed enormous pressure on the work of nurse managers (NMs) and this has eroded their quality of work life (QWL). However, little is known about the meaning of NMs’ QWL.Aim: Inspired by Watson’s Human Caring Science perspective, this study aimed to describe and understand the meaning of QWL among NMs working in a affiliated-university hospital.Methods: A descriptive phenomenological method the Relational Caring Inquiry (RCI) was conducted to describe and understand the experiential meaning of QWL. This qualitative method was used to collect and analyze data from two semi-structured interviews with 14 NMs in an affiliated-university hospital in Quebec, Canada.Results: The results have identified the following five Eidos themes to describe and understand the experiential meaning of QWL: (1) actualizing leadership and political skills to improve the quality of nursing care; (2) contextual elements conducive to humanization of the organization; (3) organizational support promoting socioprofessional and personal fulfillment; (4) learning culture within the organization to encourage the development of nursing management skills; and (5) personalized support addressing the specific needs of new NMs. For NMs, the essence of the QWL experience is defined as a socioprofessional emancipation of NMs in their clinical-administrative practice in humanist organizations.Conclusions: Taking an organizational humanization perspective, the results reveal sustainable and practical potential strategies aimed at optimizing QWL implementation programs.
Preoperative Use of PET/CT in Patients With Colorectal and Gastric Cancer and Its Impact on Treatment Decision Making
Authors: Atici Ali E. , Cakir Tebessum , Reyhan Enver , Duman Mustafa , Ozer Ilter , Ulas Murat , Bostanci Erdal B.
Published: July 2016

The advantages of primary positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) evaluation of both cancers needs to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of PET-CT compared with computed tomography (CT) in preoperative evaluation of colorectal and gastric cancer patients, and to determine its effects on treatment decision-making. We prospectively evaluated patients who presented with both types of cancer in our clinic between September 2008 and June 2010, using PET-CT and CT. We compared the results with histopathologic findings and determined the changing treatment strategies. In detecting local lymph node positivity, for colorectal cancer patients the sensitivity of PET-CT was 30% and that of CT was 20%; the specificities were the same (100%). For gastric cancer patients, the sensitivity of PET-CT was 38.9% and that of CT was 22%; the specificities were 100% and 83%, respectively. In detecting metastasis, for colorectal cancer patients the sensitivity of PET-CT was 80% and that of CT was 50%; the specificities were similar (100% versus 95%). For gastric cancer patients, the sensitivity of PET-CT was 72% and that of CT was 34%; the specificities were similar (95% versus 90%). In detecting liver metastasis, for colorectal cancer patients the sensitivity of PET was 75% and that of CT was 50%; the specificities were similar (100% versus 95%). For gastric cancer patients, the sensitivity of PET-CT was 57% and that of CT was 28%; the specificities were similar (95% versus 91%). PET-CT findings altered treatment decisions in 16% of patients (n = 10; 9 gastric cancer and 1 colorectal cancer). A high rate of treatment strategy alteration in gastric cancers was seen with PET-CT; its usage is preferred in colorectal cancer staging only for high-risk patients and those with equivocal findings.
Solar cycle response and long‐term trends in the mesospheric metal layers
Authors: Dawkins E. C. M. , Plane J. M. C. , Chipperfield M. P. , Feng W. , Marsh D. R. , Höffner J. , Janches D.
Published: July 2016

The meteoric metal layers (Na, Fe, and K)—which form as a result of the ablation of incoming meteors—act as unique tracers for chemical and dynamical processes that occur within the upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere region. In this work, we examine whether these metal layers are sensitive indicators of decadal long‐term changes within the upper atmosphere. Output from a whole‐atmosphere climate model is used to assess the response of the Na, K, and Fe layers across a 50 year period (1955–2005). At short timescales, the K layer has previously been shown to exhibit a very different seasonal behavior compared to the other metals. Here we show that this unusual behavior is also exhibited at longer timescales (both the ~11 year solar cycle and 50 year periods), where K displays a much more pronounced response to atmospheric temperature changes than either Na or Fe. The contrasting solar cycle behavior of the K and Na layers predicted by the model is confirmed using satellite and lidar observations for the period 2004–2013.
DIFFERENTIAL PROTEOME ANALYSIS OF THE MALE AND FEMALE ANTENNAE FROM Holotrichia parallela
Authors: Zhang Ju‐Hong , Wang Shang , Yang Shuang , Yi Jiankun , Liu Yan , Xi Jing‐Hui
Published: July 2016

To understand the olfactory mechanisms of Holotrichia parallela antennae in detecting volatile compounds in the environment, protein profiles of H. parallela antennae were analyzed using two‐dimensional electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry and bioinformatics analyses. Approximately 1,100 protein spots in silver staining gel were detected. Quantitative image analysis revealed that in total 47 protein spots showed significant changes in different genders of adult antennae. Thirty‐five differentially expressed proteins were identified by Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF) tandem mass spectrometer, among which 65.7% are involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, antioxidant system, transport, and amino acid/nucleotide metabolism. Some proteins identified here have not been reported previously in insect antennae. Identified male‐biased proteins included odorant‐binding protein 4, pheromone‐binding protein‐related protein 2, odorant‐binding protein 14, prophenoloxidase‐I, acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, aldo‐keto reductase‐like, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, etc. whereas some proteins are female biased, such as antennae‐rich cytochrome P450, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and putative glutamine synthetase. Alterations in the levels of some proteins were further confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The proteomic resources displayed here are valuable for the discovery of proteins from H. parallela antennae.
A Numerical Strategy for Nernst–Planck Systems with Solvation Effect
Authors: Fuhrmann J.
Published: July 2016

A thermodynamically consistent model of an isothermal, incompressible ionic mixture in mechanical equilibrium is presented. It accounts for differing ion sizes and differing solvation numbers of the ionic species. For this model, a numerical solution procedure based on a two point flux finite volume ansatz on unstructured triangular meshes is developed. Based on a reformulation of the continuous problem in terms of absolute activities, the Scharfetter‐Gummel upwind scheme for semiconductor simulation is generalized to take into account finite ion size and solvation effects.
Hippocampus at 25
Authors: Eichenbaum Howard , Amaral David G. , Buffalo Elizabeth A. , Buzsáki György , Cohen Neal , Davachi Lila , Frank Loren , Heckers Stephan , Morris Richard G. M. , Moser Edvard I. , Nadel Lynn , O'Keefe John , Preston Alison , Ranganath Charan , Silva Alcino , Witter Menno
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

The journal Hippocampus has passed the milestone of 25 years of publications on the topic of a highly studied brain structure, and its closely associated brain areas. In a recent celebration of this event, a Boston memory group invited 16 speakers to address the question of progress in understanding the hippocampus that has been achieved. Here we present a summary of these talks organized as progress on four main themes: (1) Understanding the hippocampus in terms of its interactions with multiple cortical areas within the medial temporal lobe memory system, (2) understanding the relationship between memory and spatial information processing functions of the hippocampal region, (3) understanding the role of temporal organization in spatial and memory processing by the hippocampus, and (4) understanding how the hippocampus integrates related events into networks of memories. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sub‐6 nm Thin Cross‐Linked Dopamine Films with High Pressure Stability for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration
Authors: Pérez‐Manríquez Liliana , Behzad Ali R. , Peinemann Klaus‐Viktor
Published: July 2016

Interfacial polymerization of dopamine and terephtaloyl chloride is performed on a porous crosslinked polyacrylonitrile support membrane. The resulting polymer layer has a smooth surface and is ultrathin (about 5 nm). The chemical nature of the interfacially polymerized layer is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thin‐film composite membrane is stable in aggressive solvents like dimethylformamide (DMF) and the membrane shows high solvent permeances combined with a molecular weight cut‐off below 800 g mol‐1. The remarkable stability in DMF, the ease of preparation as well as the extremely thin and smooth selective layer make this new type of bioinspired membrane attractive for solvent resistant nanofiltration.

image
Eugenics and Ideology
Authors: Freeden Michael
Published: July 2016

In a recent communication to the Historical Journal, Greta Jones submitted a critique that was largely a commentary on my article ‘Eugenics and progressive thought: a study in ideological affinity’. I am taking the liberty of replying not only because my views have been seriously misrepresented by Dr Jones but also because I believe that she has failed to appreciate important questions of methodology that transcend the particular subject of eugenics and are worth further elaboration. I shall relate in turn to the issues she raises.
2. The Shang City at Zhengzhou and Related Problems
Authors: Jinhuai An
Published: July 2016

The Zhengzhou Shang dynasty site is the location of an early Shang city, vast in area and abundant in archaeological remains, which was discovered by Chinese archaeologists in the middle and lower Yellow River basin during the early fifties. Within the site there is a Shang dynasty rammed-earth wall extending north-south in a rectangular shape and having a circumference of 6960 meters. These are the earliest Shang wall remains discovered to date.

Based on the stratigraphy and vessel types discovered in the course of excavating the four sides of the wall, it is certain that this wall is slightly later than the late Erlitou period, and that construction on it began before the lower strata of the Shang Erligang period, the “Yin Ruins” at Anyang. The discovery of the Zhengzhou Shang site was definitely not accidental. It represents an important stage in the development of ancient Chinese rammed-earth wall architecture. The method of construction places it in a continuous line of development from the rammed-earth wall of the Henan area middle and late Longshan culture and the late Erlitou rammed-earth platform foundation to the rammed-earth foundations of the palaces of the Yin Ruins at Anyang.

The grand scale of the Zhengzhou Shang wall, and the fact that inside and outside the wall were found palace foundations and workshops for the production of bronze, bone, and ceramic articles as well as numerous widespread storage pits, wells, ditches, house foundations, and tombs, and that many bronze, jade, primitive porcelain, pottery, stone, bone, and clamshell artifacts have been excavated here, including also some carved ivory pieces, pottery sculpture, and inscribed bones and pottery, lead us to conclude that the Zhengzhou Shang site was one of the early Shang capitals. Whether it is to be identified as Ao or Bo we cannot now say. In any case, the discovery and excavation of this site has supplied direct evidence of the greatest importance for the history of early Shang politics, economics, cultural, and military affairs.
Using high harmonic radiation to reveal the ultrafast dynamics of radiosensitiser molecules
Authors: Çarçabal Pierre , Descamps Dominique , Petit Stéphane , Mairesse Yann , Blanchet Valérie , Cireasa Raluca
Published: July 2016

5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a radiosensitiser molecule routinely used in combined chemo- and radio-therapies to enhance and localize cancer treatments. We have employed ultra-short XUV pulses produced by high harmonic generation (HHG) as a pump pulse to study the dynamics underlying the photo-stability and the radiation damage of this molecule. This work shows that it is possible to resolve individual dynamics even when using unselected HH. By comparing the results with those obtained in the multiphoton absorption at 400 nm, we were able to identify the frequencies of the HH comb relevant to the recorded dynamics: HH5 and HH3. The latter excites a high-lying Rydberg state interacting with a valence state and its dynamics is revealed by a 30 fs decay signal in the parent ion transient. Our results suggest that the same photoprotection mechanisms as those conferring photostability to the neutral nucleobases and to the DNA appear to be activated: HH5 excites the molecule to a state around 10.5 eV that undergoes an ultrafast relaxation on a timescale of 30 fs due to nonadiabatic interactions. This is followed sequentially by a 2.3 ps internal conversion as revealed by the dynamics observed for another fragment ion. These dynamics are extracted from the fragment ion signals. Proton or hydrogen transfer processes are required for the formation of three fragments and we speculate that the time scale of one of the processes is revealed by a H+ transient signal.
High performance Li–S battery based on amorphous NiS2as the host material for the S cathode
Authors: Liu Zhen , Zheng Xiang , Luo Shi-liang , Xu Shang-qian , Yuan Ning-yi , Ding Jian-ning
Published: July 2016

A Li–S battery based on amorphous NiS2showed fabulous stability and high S utilization.
A nanoscaled lanthanide metal–organic framework as a colorimetric fluorescence sensor for dipicolinic acid based on modulating energy transfer
Authors: Zhang Yihe , Li Bin , Ma Heping , Zhang Liming , Jiang Hong , Song Hang , Zhang Ligong , Luo Yongshi
Published: July 2016

A visual colorimetric dipicolinic acid sensor was prepared by modulating the energy transfer process in the MOF.
12-Monats-Prävalenz und Bedeutung aktueller körperlicher und psychischer Gewalterfahrungen bei Patientinnen und Patienten einer psychosomatisch-psychotherapeutischen Hochschulambulanz
Authors: Karger André , Fetz Katharina , Schäfer Ralf , Schlack Robert , Franz Matthias , Joksimovic Ljiljana
Published: July 2016

Ziel der Studie Untersucht wurden Häufigkeiten aktueller Gewalterfahrungen und deren Zusammenhänge mit Belastungen bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit psychischen und psychosomatischen Erkrankungen.

Methodik 1074 Patientinnen und Patienten einer psychotherapeutisch-psychosomatischen Hochschulambulanz wurden schriftlich mit einem Gewalt-Screening-Instrument befragt.

Ergebnisse Aktuelle körperliche und psychische Gewalterfahrungen waren im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung mehr als zweifach erhöht. Patientinnen und Patienten mit aktuellen Gewalterfahrungen waren belasteter.

Schlussfolgerungen Der Einsatz eines Gewalt-Screening-Instruments im klinischen Alltag einer psychotherapeutisch-psychosomatischen Ambulanz ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz zur Erfassung aktueller Gewalterfahrungen.
A simple and accurate algorithm for path integral molecular dynamics with the Langevin thermostat
Authors: Liu Jian , Li Dezhang , Liu Xinzijian
Published: July 2016

We introduce a novel simple algorithm for thermostatting path integral molecular dynamics (PIMD) with the Langevin equation. The staging transformation of path integral beads is employed for demonstration. The optimum friction coefficients for the staging modes in the free particle limit are used for all systems. In comparison to the path integral Langevin equation thermostat, the new algorithm exploits a different order of splitting for the phase space propagator associated to the Langevin equation. While the error analysis is made for both algorithms, they are also employed in the PIMD simulations of three realistic systems (the H2O molecule, liquid para-hydrogen, and liquid water) for comparison. It is shown that the new thermostat increases the time interval of PIMD by a factor of 4–6 or more for achieving the same accuracy. In addition, the supplementary material shows the error analysis made for the algorithms when the normal-mode transformation of path integral beads is used.
Modulation of the magnetic domain size induced by an electric field
Authors: Ando F. , Kakizakai H. , Koyama T. , Yamada K. , Kawaguchi M. , Kim S. , Kim K.-J. , Moriyama T. , Chiba D. , Ono T.
Published: July 2016

The electric field (EF) effect on the magnetic domain structure of a Pt/Co system was studied, where an EF was applied to the top surface of the Co layer. The width of the maze domain was significantly modified by the application of the EF at a temperature slightly below the Curie temperature. After a detailed analysis, a change in the microscopic exchange stiffness induced by the EF application was suggested to dominate the modulation of the domain width observed in the experiment. The accumulation of electrons at the surface of the Co layer resulted in an increase in the microscopic exchange stiffness and the Curie temperature. The result was consistent with the recent theoretical prediction.
Analysis of cavitation inception and desinence behind surface irregularities
Authors: Amromin Eduard
Published: July 2016

Cavities behind a surface irregularity appear in vortices drifting downstream of it. Cavitation can occur there substantially earlier than over smooth surfaces of the same bodies. Cavitation inception and desinence behind surface irregularities have been intensively studied in the course of water tunnel experiments several decades ago, but no corresponding quantitative theoretical (numerical) analysis was reported. This numerical study is aimed at elaboration of a general approach to the prediction of cavitation desinence numbers for various irregularities over various surfaces and on determination of the major factors influencing these numbers in both computations and experiments. The developed multi-level computational method employs diverse models for flow zones of diverse scale. The viscous-inviscid interaction approach is used for the flow around irregularities submerged (or partially submerged) in the turbulent boundary layer. Combinations of the semi-empirical and asymptotic analyses are used for vortices and cavities in their cores. The computational method is validated with various known experimental data.
Effect of top electrode material on radiation-induced degradation of ferroelectric thin film structures
Authors: Brewer Steven J. , Deng Carmen Z. , Callaway Connor P. , Paul McKinley K. , Fisher Kenzie J. , Guerrier Jonathon E. , Rudy Ryan Q. , Polcawich Ronald G. , Jones Jacob L. , Glaser Evan R. , Cress Cory D. , Bassiri-Gharb Nazanin
Published: July 2016

The effects of gamma irradiation on the dielectric and piezoelectric responses of Pb[Zr0.52Ti0.48]O3 (PZT) thin film stacks were investigated for structures with conductive oxide (IrO2) and metallic (Pt) top electrodes. The samples showed, generally, degradation of various key dielectric, ferroelectric, and electromechanical responses when exposed to 2.5 Mrad (Si) 60Co gamma radiation. However, the low-field, relative dielectric permittivity, εr, remained largely unaffected by irradiation in samples with both types of electrodes. Samples with Pt top electrodes showed substantial degradation of the remanent polarization and overall piezoelectric response, as well as pinching of the polarization hysteresis curves and creation of multiple peaks in the permittivity-electric field curves post irradiation. The samples with oxide electrodes, however, were largely impervious to the same radiation dose, with less than 5% change in any of the functional characteristics. The results suggest a radiation-induced change in the defect population or defect energy in PZT with metallic top electrodes, which substantially affects motion of internal interfaces such as domain walls. Additionally, the differences observed for stacks with different electrode materials implicate the ferroelectric–electrode interface as either the predominant source of radiation-induced effects (Pt electrodes) or the site of healing for radiation-induced defects (IrO2 electrodes).
Synthesizing skyrmion bound pairs in Fe-Gd thin films
Authors: Lee J. C. T , Chess J. J. , Montoya S. A. , Shi X. , Tamura N. , Mishra S. K. , Fischer P. , McMorran B. J. , Sinha S. K. , Fullerton E. E. , Kevan S. D. , Roy S.
Published: July 2016

We show that properly engineered amorphous Fe-Gd alloy thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy exhibit bound pairs of like-polarity, opposite helicity skyrmions at room temperature. Magnetic mirror symmetry planes present in the stripe phase, instead of chiral exchange, determine the internal skyrmion structure and the net achirality of the skyrmion phase. Our study shows that stripe domain engineering in amorphous alloy thin films may enable the creation of skyrmion phases with technologically desirable properties.
Propagation of electromagnetic wave in dusty plasma and the influence of dust size distribution
Authors: Li Hui , Wu Jian , Zhou Zhongxiang , Yuan Chengxun
Published: July 2016

The effect of charged dust particle and their size distribution on the propagation of electromagnetic wave in a dusty plasma is investigated. It is shown that the additional collision mechanism provided by charged dust particles can significantly alter the electromagnetic properties of a plasma, leading to the appearance of attenuation of electromagnetic wave through dusty plasma. The attenuation coefficient mainly depends on the dust density, radius, and the charge numbers on the dust surface. The results described here will be used to enhance understanding of electromagnetic wave propagation processed in space and laboratory dusty plasma.
Dynamic control of droplet jumping by tailoring nanoparticle concentrations
Authors: Hao Chonglei , Zhou Yang , Zhou Xiaofeng , Che Lufeng , Chu Baojin , Wang Zuankai
Published: July 2016

The dynamic impact behavior of droplets from solid surfaces has attracted increasing interest, especially propelled by the advances in the bio-inspired interfacial materials. In this work, we investigate the impact and bouncing dynamics of ethylene glycol droplets containing silica nanoparticles on superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS). We find that the rebounding of droplets from SHS is highly dependent on the impact velocity and suspension concentrations. By increasing the impact velocity or suspension concentrations, the probability of droplet bouncing from SHS is greatly reduced. The presence of nanoparticles can significantly increase the viscous energy dissipation inside the liquid droplets, therefore suppressing the jumping from surfaces. Based on the energy dissipation characterization, we also find the critical concentration to determine the manifestation of the viscous effect, above which the liquid suspensions exhibit non-Newtonian fluid properties. Our study provides an efficient approach to dynamically control the liquid jumping behaviors on SHS by tailoring the suspension concentrations. The insights learned from this study can be very useful in many industrial applications.
Optically pumped terahertz wave modulation in MoS2-Si heterostructure metasurface
Authors: Zheng Wei , Fan Fei , Chen Meng , Chen Sai , Chang Sheng-Jiang
Published: July 2016

An optically pumped terahertz (THz) modulator based on a MoS2-Si heterostructure metasurface are fabricated and investigated in this paper. The THz wave modulation in MoS2 metasurface has been demonstrated by THz time domain spectroscopy experiment and numerical simulation, which can reach over 90% under the continuous wave laser pumping of 4W/cm2 power density. Importantly, the catalysis of photocarrier generation in MoS2-Si heterostructure has been proved by the comparsion between the modulation depth of metasurface with and without MoS2 nanosheet under the same pumping power, and we found that the strcuture of metasurface and polariztion direction can also influence the photocarrier density in MoS2 metasurface. This novel THz modulator based on 2D material has a high effective modulation on THz waves under a low pumping power, which has a bright potential in THz applications.
A self-testing cloud model for multi-criteria group decision making
Authors: Chang Ting-Cheng , Wang Hui
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to select the best scaling coefficient during the quantitative-qualitative conversion.

Design/methodology/approach

– Cloud model can describe the qualitative concept of randomness and fuzziness, achieve uncertain transition between qualitative and quantitative in the field of multi-criteria group decision and has been receiving widespread attention. This paper discusses scale conversion issues of the cloud model when evaluating qualitative information. In order to improve the accuracy of the evaluation on multi-attribute decision problems based on uncertainty of natural linguistic information, this paper proposes a method of self-testing cloud model based on a composite scale (with the exponential scale and the scale as a basis).

Findings

– Through experimental verification results show that under composite scale, the best suitable selection of can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of decision results.

Originality/value

– This research presents a new approach to determine the suitable value for coefficient based on uncertain knowledge of natural multi-criteria group decision making, and gives concrete steps and examples. This method has positive significance to improve the quality of qualitative and quantitative conversion based on cloud model.
State‐space modelling of geolocation data reveals sex differences in the use of management areas by breeding northern fulmars
Authors: Edwards Ewan W. J. , Quinn Lucy R. , Thompson Paul M.
Published: July 2016

Effective management and conservation of terrestrially breeding marine predators requires information on connectivity between specific breeding sites and at‐sea foraging areas. In the north‐east Atlantic, efforts to monitor and manage the impacts of bycatch or pollution events within different Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North‐East Atlantic (OSPAR) management regions are currently constrained by uncertainty over the origins of seabirds occurring in each area.

Whilst Global Positioning System (GPS) loggers can now provide high resolution data on seabird foraging characteristics, their use is largely restricted to the chick‐rearing period. Smaller light‐based Global Location Sensors (geolocators) could provide valuable data during earlier phases of the breeding season, but additional information on their accuracy is required to assess this potential.

We used incubation trip tracking data from 11 double‐tagged (GPS/geolocator) northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis L. within a state‐space modelling (SSM) framework to estimate errors around geolocator locations. The SSM was then fitted to a larger sample of geolocator data from the pre‐laying exodus using the mean of these error estimates. Geolocator data were first used to compare the trip durations of males and females during this critical pre‐laying period. Outputs from the SSM were then used to characterize their spatial distribution and assess the extent of within‐colony variation in the use of different OSPAR management regions.

During the pre‐laying exodus, fulmars from a single colony in the north‐east of the United Kingdom foraged widely across several biogeographical regions, up to 2900 km from the colony. Most (60%) males remained within the North Sea region, whereas most (68%) females flew north, foraging within the Norwegian and Barents Sea. A small subset of birds (15%) travelled to the central North Atlantic. Foraging trips by males appeared to be shorter (x = 18 days, n = 20) than by females (x = 25 days, n = 19).

Policy implications. Our results of state‐space modelling of geolocation data collected from northern fulmars show that within‐colony variation in ranging behaviour during the breeding season results in sex differences in exposure to threats such as fisheries bycatch and marine plastics. Birds from a single colony dispersed over several north‐east Atlantic management areas. These patterns have implications for interpreting trends in colony‐based monitoring schemes, and European Union Marine Strategy Framework programmes using these seabirds as an indicator species for monitoring trends in marine litter and prioritizing efforts to mitigate its impact.
Treating tobacco companies fairly but with no leap of faith
Authors: Shaw David M. , Etter Jean‐François , Elger Bernice S.
Published: July 2016

Commentary to: Should academic journals publish e‐cigarette research linked to tobacco companies?
Keep wetlands wet: the myth of sustainable development of tropical peatlands – implications for policies and management
Authors: Evers Stephanie , Yule Catherine M. , Padfield Rory , O'Reilly Patrick , Varkkey Helena
Published: July 2016

Pristine tropical peat swamp forests (PSFs) represent a unique wetland ecosystem of distinctive hydrology which support unique biodiversity and globally significant stores of soil carbon. Yet in Indonesia and Malaysia, home to 56% of the world's tropical peatland, they are subject to considerable developmental pressures, including widespread drainage to support agricultural needs. In this article, we review the ecology behind the functioning and ecosystem services provided by PSFs, with a particular focus on hydrological processes as well as the role of the forest itself in maintaining those services. Drawing on this, we review the suitability of current policy frameworks and consider the efficacy of their implementation. We suggest that policies in Malaysia and Indonesia are often based around the narrative of oil palm and other major monocrops as drivers of prosperity and development. However, we also argue that this narrative is also being supported by a priori claims concerning the possibility of sustainability of peat swamp exploitation via drainage‐based agriculture through the adherence to best management practices. We discuss how this limits their efficacy, uptake and the political will towards enforcement. Further, we consider how both narratives (prosperity and sustainability) clearly exclude important considerations concerning the ecosystem value of tropical PSFs which are dependent on their unimpacted hydrology. Current research clearly shows that the actual debate should be focused not on how to develop drainage‐based plantations sustainably, but on whether the sustainable conversion to drainage‐based systems is possible at all.
Revisiting the cost of carnivory in mammals
Authors: Tucker M. A. , Ord T. J. , Rogers T. L.
Published: July 2016

Predator–prey relationships play a key role in the evolution and ecology of carnivores. An understanding of predator–prey relationships and how this differs across species and environments provides information on how carnivorous strategies have evolved and how they may change in response to environmental change. We aim to determine how mammals overcame the challenges of living within the marine environment; specifically, how this altered predator–prey body mass relationships relative to terrestrial mammals. Using predator and prey mass data collected from the literature, we applied phylogenetic piecewise regressions to investigate the relationship between predator and prey size across carnivorous mammals (51 terrestrial and 56 marine mammals). We demonstrate that carnivorous mammals have four broad dietary groups: small marine carnivores (< 11 000 kg) and small terrestrial carnivores (< 11 kg) feed on prey less than 5 kg and 2 kg, respectively. On average, large marine carnivores (> 11 000 kg) feed on prey equal to 0.01% of the carnivore's body size, compared to 45% or greater in large terrestrial carnivores (> 11 kg). We propose that differences in prey availability, and the relative ease of processing large prey in the terrestrial environment and small prey in marine environment, have led to the evolution of these novel foraging behaviours. Our results provide important insights into the selection pressures that may have been faced by early marine mammals and ultimately led to the evolution of a range of feeding strategies and predatory behaviours.
Size Matters: The Effect of the Size of Ethnic Groups on Development
Authors: Dimico Arcangelo
Published: July 2016

The share of ethnic groups is one of the most important features of African politics. It affects civil wars, representation in government positions, distributive and allocative policies. In this paper, we use the partition of ethnic groups as a natural experiment in order to estimate the effect of the share of these ethnic groups on development. We show that larger groups have an advantage in terms of development and that the partition in itself does not matter for development. This result is explained by the fact that the partition matters only when the resulting groups are relatively small, since their lack of political representation may weaken support for institutions, may bias policies and the provision of ethnic/regional public goods.
Time Required to Initiate a Defensive Reaction to Direct and Feint Attacks in Fencing
Authors: Gutiérrez-Davila Marcos , Rojas F. Javier , Gutiérrez-Cruz Carmen , García Carlos , Navarro Enrique
Published: July 2016

The two-fold purpose of this study was to analyze the time required by a fencer to initiate a defensive action in response to a direct attack, which involves identifying when the defending fencer detects the just-noticeable difference, and, secondly, to assess the effect that an attacker’s rapid armed hand movement (feint attack) has on the time required to initiate a defensive move. Twenty-four elite fencers and a fencing master were included in the study. Four adapted force plates were installed on a scaffold used as a fencing piste. A 3D video analysis system recorded the location of 2 markers installed on the fencing master’s shoulder and sword. The results confirm that the defending fencer has a mean movement time of 0.353 ± 0.028 s to perform the defensive action, which provides an advantage over the attacking fencer. The velocity of movement in the peripheral visual field has no influence on the time required by elite fencers to initiate a defensive action. This confirms the crucial role that response inhibition processes play when nonrelevant actions are perceived. Kinematic analysis of markers suggests that the eye movements of elite fencers are not the only source of information used while observing an attack.
The HPV16 E7 Oncoprotein Disrupts Dendritic Cell Function and Induces the Systemic Expansion of CD11b+Gr1+Cells in a Transgenic Mouse Model
Authors: Damian-Morales Gabriela , Serafín-Higuera Nicolás , Moreno-Eutimio Mario Adán , Cortés-Malagón Enoc M. , Bonilla-Delgado José , Rodríguez-Uribe Genaro , Ocadiz-Delgado Rodolfo , Lambert Paul F. , Gariglio Patricio
Published: July 2016

Objective.The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein on dendritic cells (DCs) and CD11b+Gr1+cells using the K14E7 transgenic mouse model.Materials and Methods.The morphology of DCs was analyzed in male mouse skin on epidermal sheets using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentages of DCs and CD11b+Gr1+cells in different tissues and to evaluate the migration of DCs.Results.In the K14E7 mouse model, the morphology of Langerhans cells and the migratory activity of dendritic cells were abnormal. An increase in CD11b+Gr1+cells was observed in the blood and skin of K14E7 mice, and molecules related to CD11b+Gr1+chemoattraction (MCP1 and S100A9) were upregulated.Conclusions.These data suggest that the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein impairs the function and morphology of DCs and induces the systemic accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+cells.
Detecting Safety Zone Drill Process Parameters for Uncoated HSS Twist Drill in Machining GFRP Composites by Integrating Wear Rate and Wear Transition Mapping
Authors: Udupi Sathish Rao , Lester Raj Rodrigues Lewlyn
Published: July 2016

The previous research investigations informed that the tool wear of any machining operation could be minimized by controlling the machining factors such as speed, feed, geometry, and type of cutting tool. Hence the present research paper aims at controlling the process parameters to minimize the drill tool wear, during the machining of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composites. Experiments were carried out to find the tool wear rate and a wear mechanism map of uncoated High Speed Steel (HSS) drill of 10 mm diameter was developed for the drilling of GFRP composite laminates. The surface micrograph images on the drill land surface displayed dominant wear mechanisms induced on HSS drill during machining of GFRP and they were found to be adhesive wear, adhesive and abrasive wear, abrasive wear, and diffusion and fatigue wear. A “safety wear zone” was identified on the wear mechanism map, where the minimum tool wear of the HSS drill occurs. From the safety zone boundaries, it was inferred that the drill spindle speed should be set between 1200 and 1590 rpm and feed rate must be set within a range of 0.10–0.16 mm/rev for GFRP work and HSS tool combination to enhance the service life of 10 mm HSS drills and to minimize the tool wear.
Chromosomal relationships of Simulium armoricanum and its undescribed sister species in the Simulium vernum species group (Diptera: Simuliidae)
Authors: ADLER PETER H. , BELQAT BOUTAÏNA , GONZÁLEZ JOSEFINA GARRIDO , PÉREZ ALEXANDRE JUSTO , SEITZ GUNTHER
Published: July 2016

The banding sequence of the polytene chromosomes of Simulium armoricanum Doby & David from England, Portugal, and Spain was resolved relative to the standard map for the S. vernum group. The species is characterized by 11 fixed inversions, one nearly fixed inversion, and three common polymorphisms. The sister species of S. armoricanum is proposed as a formally undescribed species discovered in samples from Portugal. It shares one unique inversion with S. armoricanum, but otherwise differs by eight fixed or nearly fixed rearrangements. Simulium armoricanum and its newly discovered sister species, informally referred to as Simulium ‘IL-8’, are members of a larger clade of Palearctic species defined by a small pericentric inversion in chromosome III. Among the simuliid species occupying the same streams with S. armoricanum was the first record, chromosomally confirmed, of S. aureum Fries sensu stricto in Portugal. Successful chromosomal analysis of samples of S. armoricanum 17 years after initial fixation demonstrates the importance of storing cytologically fixed larvae at subzero temperatures.
A new species of Hypostomus Lacépède, 1803 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from rio Itapicuru basin, Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: ZANATA ANGELA M. , PITANGA BRUNO R.
Published: July 2016

A small-bodied new species of Hypostomus is described from the rio Itapicuru basin, Bahia, Brazil. The new species is distinguished from most congeners mainly by having the lower caudal-fin lobe distinctly longer than the upper lobe and absence of conspicuous dark spots on posterior half of body. It differs particularly from congeners occurring in northeastern coastal Brazilian drainages and the rio São Francisco basin by having the anterior portion of the abdomen completely plated and the posterior portion plated only on a narrow median line, leaving large lateral areas naked, dark spots on anterior portion of trunk similar in size or slightly larger than those on head, absence of conspicuous spots on posterior half of trunk and caudal fin, and absence of keels on head and trunk.
An annotated checklist of click-beetles (Coleoptera, Elateridae) from Iran
Authors: PLATIA GIUSEPPE , GHAHARI HASSAN
Published: July 2016

The fauna of Iranian Elateridae (Coleoptera: Elateroidea) is summarized in this paper. In total 245 species from 58 genera and 7 subfamilies Agrypninae Candèze (13 genera, 36 species), Cardiophorinae Candèze (4 genera, 55 species), Cebrioninae Latreille (2 genera, 6 species), Dendrometrinae Gistel (13 genera, 28 species), Elaterinae Leach (23 genera, 104 species), Lissominae Laporte (1 genus, 1 species) and Negastriinae Nakane & Kishii (2 genera, 15 species) are listed in literature as the fauna of Iran. Totally 74 species are endemic to Iran.
Simulated Frequency Dependence of Radar Observations of Tornadoes
Authors: Bodine David J. , Palmer Robert D. , Maruyama Takashi , Fulton Caleb J. , Zhu Ye , Cheong Boon Leng
Published: July 2016

To obtain accurate radar-measured wind measurements in tornadoes, differences between air and Doppler velocities must be corrected. These differences can cause large errors in radar estimates of maximum tangential wind speeds, and large errors in single-Doppler retrievals of radial and vertical velocities. Since larger scatterers (e.g., debris) exhibit larger differences from air velocities compared to small scatterers (e.g., raindrops), the dominant scatterer type affecting radar measurements is examined. In this study, radar variables are simulated for common weather radar frequencies using debris and raindrop trajectories computed with a large-eddy simulation model and two electromagnetic scattering models. These simulations include a large range of raindrop and wood board sizes and concentrations, and reveal the significant frequency dependence of the equivalent reflectivity factor and Doppler velocity. At S band, dominant scatterers are wood boards, except when wood board concentrations are very low. In contrast, raindrops are the dominant scatterers at Ka and W bands even when large concentrations of wood boards are present, except for low raindrop concentrations. Dual-wavelength velocity differences exhibit high correlation with air and Doppler velocity differences for most cases, which may enable direct measurements of scatterer-induced Doppler velocity bias in tornadoes. Moreover, dual-wavelength ratios are shown to exhibit strong correlations with dominant scatterer size, except when Rayleigh scatterers are dominant. Finally, vertical velocity retrievals are shown to exhibit lower errors at high frequencies, and large errors remain at centimeter wavelengths even after debris centrifuging corrections are applied in cases with high debris concentration.
O imaginário feminino e sua invisibilidade no aleitamento materno exclusivo: estudo expliratório
Authors: Alves Tássia Regine de Morais , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de , Silva Glauber Weder dos Santos , Carvalho Jovanka Bittencourt Leite de , Valença Cecília Nogueira , Cavalcante Rosangela Diniz
Published: July 2016

Objetivo:  compreender  a  importância  e  as  dificuldades  que  as mulheres  encontram  na  adesão  ao  aleitamento  materno exclusivo. Método:  estudo  de abordagem  qualitativa,  do  tipo exploratório  e descritivo.  Foram  realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 14 mulheres. O tratamento dos dados se deu mediante a análise de  conteúdo,  na  modalidade  da análise  temática.  Resultados:  a maioria  das  mulheres revelou conhecer  a  importância  e  os  benefícios  do  aleitamento materno,  por  ser  uma prática importante e por proporcionar uma boa condição de saúde e desenvolvimento ao filho. Aspectos que beneficiam a mulher que amamenta foram explicitados, porém, em menor  intensidade  quando  comparável  às  relacionadas  à  saúde do bebê.  Conclusão: Acentua-se   a   necessidade   de   incorporar práticas   além   da   dimensão   biológica, compreender  as particularidades   de  cada  mulher   e  incentivar   o  cuidar-se   como importante para si.
A perspectiva da subnotificação de acidentes ocupacionais com dentistas
Authors: Mussi Marcelo , Marasea Daniela Carnio Costa
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Objetivou-se identificar se há subnotificação dos acidentes ocupacionais ocorridos com os cirurgiões-dentistas de uma Prefeitura Municipal no interior do Estado de São Paulo, além de verificar a frequência com que ocorrem estes acidentes e se existem treinamentos visando à prevenção de acidentes. Participaram desse estudo de campo exploratório 134 cirurgiões-dentistas funcionários públicos municipais que responderam a questionário estruturado, composto por 23 questões. Entre eles, 88 (65,7%) relataram já terem sofrido pelo menos um acidente ocupacional em serviço e 43 (48,9%) destes se acidentaram duas ou mais vezes; enquanto 46 (34,3%) nunca sofreram acidentes de trabalho. Dos 88 profissionais que se acidentaram somente 48 (54,5%) notificaram seu acidente. A subnotificação foi mais prevalente em dentistas com mais tempo de serviço. Ao todo, 121 (90,3%) dos profissionais afirmaram não haver treinamentos. Conclui-se que os dentistas, apesar de conhecerem os riscos a que estão expostos, apresentam alta frequência de acidentes durante a realização de procedimentos, constituindo um sinal importante de disfunção, que expõe o trabalhador ao risco.
Las organizaciones intermedias en los procesos de innovación en México
Authors: Pérez Hernández Maria del Pilar Monserrat
Published: July 2016

La actividad innovadora depende de los vínculos o mediación que exista entre los actores que generan la tecnología y el conocimiento y los usuarios finales de una y otro; este papel lo cumplen diversas organizaciones intermedias (OI), las cuales traducen las necesidades de los usuarios de tecnologías en desarrollo. Este trabajo analiza el papel de dichas organizaciones intermedias en los procesos de innovación en México. Así, se distingue que existen tres vacíos estructurales: en la negociación y el patrocinio, en la comercialización y explotación de los resultados, y en la regulación y arbitraje, mismos que inhiben la apropiación de los beneficios derivados de la actividad innovadora.
Global Civil Society and Transversal Hegemony. The Globalization-Contestation Nexus, de Karen M. Buckley
Authors: Babin Rachel
Published: July 2016

Acceder al texto completo para consultar el contenido.