bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel inductive decoupling technique for flexible transceiver arrays of monolithic transmission line resonators
Authors: Kriegl Roberta , Ginefri Jean‐Christophe , Poirier‐Quinot Marie , Darrasse Luc , Goluch Sigrun , Kuehne Andre , Moser Ewald , Laistler Elmar
Published: April 2014

Purpose

This article presents a novel inductive decoupling technique for form‐fitting coil arrays of monolithic transmission line resonators, which target biomedical applications requiring high signal‐to‐noise ratio over a large field of view to image anatomical structures varying in size and shape from patient to patient.

Methods

Individual transmission line resonator elements are mutually decoupled using magnetic flux sharing by overlapping annexes. This decoupling technique was evaluated by electromagnetic simulations and bench measurements for two‐ and four‐element arrays, comparing single‐ and double‐gap transmission line resonator designs, combined either with a basic capacitive matching scheme or inductive pickup loop matching. The best performing array was used in 7T MRI experiments demonstrating its form‐fitting ability and parallel imaging potential.

Results

The inductively matched double‐gap transmission line resonator array provided the best decoupling efficiency in simulations and bench measurements (<−15 dB). The decoupling and parallel imaging performance proved robust against mechanical deformation of the array.

Conclusion

The presented decoupling technique combines the robustness of conventional overlap decoupling regarding coil loading and operating frequency with the extended field of view of nonoverlapped coils. While demonstrated on four‐element arrays, it can be easily expanded to fabricate readily decoupled form‐fitting 2D arrays with an arbitrary number of elements in a single etching process. Magn Reson Med 73:1669–1681, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accumulation games on graphs
Authors: Alpern Steve , Fokkink Robbert
Published: April 2014

Accumulation games on discrete locations were introduced by Ruckle and Kikuta. The Hider secretly distributes his total wealth h ≥ 1 over locations 1,2,…,n. The Searcher confiscates the material from any r of these locations. The Hider wins if the wealth remaining at the n − r unsearched locations sums to at least 1; otherwise the Searcher wins. Their game models problems in which the Hider needs to have, after confiscation (or loss by natural causes), a sufficient amount of material (food, wealth, arms) to carry out some objective (survive the winter, buy a house, start an insurrection). The conjecture of Kikuta and Ruckle shows that there is always an optimal Hider strategy which places equal amounts of material on certain locations (and nothing on the rest) is still open and known to be hard. This article takes the hiding locations to be the nodes of a graph and restricts the node sets which the Searcher can remove to be drawn from a given family: the edges, the connected r‐sets, or some other given sets of nodes. This models the case where the pilferer, or storm, is known to act only on a set of close locations. Unlike the original game, our game requires mixed strategies. We give a complete solution for certain classes of graphs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 64(1), 40–47 2014
Crystallization behavior of polyethylene/polystyrene AmBnmiktoarm star copolymers
Authors: Müller Alejandro J. , Lorenzo Arnaldo T. , Hirao Akira
Published: April 2014

AmBnmiktoarm star copolymers composed of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) arms were synthesized by the Pd‐catalyzed hydrogenation of AmBnmiktoarm stars consisting of PS and polybutadiene obtained by means of living anionic polymerization. From transmission electron microscopy, it was found that the (PSm)‐b‐(PEn) miktoarm star copolymer samples exhibited more confined morphologies than those expected for their PS‐b‐PE linear diblock analogs, a result that indicated more entropic restrictions for chain stretching in the stars. This enhancement in confinement produced by the change in chain topology strongly affected the overall crystallization kinetics of the PE component, especially when it constituted the minor phase. As confinement increased, the supercooling needed for crystallization increased, and the Avrami index was dramatically reduced, since nucleation became the rate‐determining step of the overall crystallization process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Malignant transformation of infantile hemangioma to angiosarcoma: Response to chemotherapy with bevacizumab
Authors: Jeng Michael R. , Fuh Beng , Blatt Julie , Gupta Anita , Merrow Arnold C. , Hammill Adrienne , Adams Denise
Published: April 2014

We describe a child initially diagnosed with multi‐focal infantile hemangioma (cutaneous, hepatic, pulmonary), a benign vascular lesion, which underwent malignant transformation to angiosarcoma. The use of anti‐angiogenic agents, such as bevacizumab, an anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, has been reported in adults with angiosarcoma. Treatment with chemotherapy (gemcitabine and docetaxel) and bevacizumab resulted in disease response with progression free survival of 12 months. This report describes the response to chemotherapy and bevacizumab in a child with angiosarcoma and highlights the potential for malignant transformation of benign vascular lesions and the need for careful monitoring. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:2115–2117. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Materialism and Well–Being in the Uk and Chile: Basic Need Satisfaction and Basic Need Frustration as Underlying Psychological Processes
Authors: Unanue Wenceslao , Dittmar Helga , Vignoles Vivian L. , Vansteenkiste Maarten
Published: April 2014

A growing body of evidence shows that materialistic values are linked to lower well–being. Self–determination theory offers an explanation through the low fulfilment of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. However, recent research suggests that frustration of these psychological needs may also play an additional role. Using structural equation modelling in adult samples from an established mass–consumer society (UK: N = 958) and a fast–developing new economy (Chile: N = 257) and employing more comprehensive measures to tap into a materialistic orientation than used in previous studies, we found that a materialistic value orientation related negatively to well–being and positively to ill–being and that both psychological need satisfaction and psychological need frustration played an explanatory role herein. The model was found to be highly equivalent across both samples, supporting the cross–cultural generality of the mechanisms involved. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology
Surface Functionalization by Plasma Treatment and Click Chemistry of a New Family of Fluorinated Polymeric Materials for Microfluidic Chips
Authors: Ladner Yoann , D'Orlyé Fanny , Perréard Camille , Da Silva Bradley , Guyon Cédric , Tatoulian Michael , Griveau Sophie , Bedioui Fethi , Varenne Anne
Published: April 2014

The surface modification of a new family of microfluidic chip materials based on a commercial fluorinated thermoplastic polymer (Dyneon THV) was performed for the first time. This modification was done following a four steps approach, involving first the cleaning of surface and then the bromination of the surface by plasma treatment, followed by two successive chemical reactions involving click reaction to graft chemical functions at the polymer surface. It was demonstrated by a thorough surface analysis of Dyneon (XPS, FTIR‐ATR) that surface oxidation allowed increasing the hydrophilicity of the THV surface and brominated film deposition by plasma treatment allowed incorporation of different functional groups on the Dyneon surface through click chemistry.
On the Deposition Rates of Magnetron Sputtered Thin Films at Oblique Angles
Authors: Alvarez Rafael , Garcia‐Martin Jose M. , Lopez‐Santos Maria C. , Rico Victor , Ferrer Francisco J. , Cotrino Jose , Gonzalez‐Elipe Agustin R. , Palmero Alberto
Published: April 2014

We describe here the deposition of thin films using magnetron sputtering at oblique angles. General relations between the deposition rates of the films and experimental parameters, such as gas pressure or substrate tilt angles, are deduced and experimentally tested. The model also permits the direct determination of the thermalization mean free path of the sputtered particles in the plasma gas, a key parameter defining the balance between ballistic and diffusive flows in the deposition reactor. The good agreement between experimental and calculated results supports the validity of our description, which becomes a useful tool to explain the main features of the magnetron sputtering deposition of thin films at oblique angles.
The transitions from glassy state to long‐range‐ordered state in ferroic glasses
Authors: Xue Dezhen , Zhou Yumei , Ding Xiangdong , Wang Yu , Zhang Jian , Sun Jun , Ren Xiaobing
Published: April 2014

The field‐induced, spontaneous, and isothermal transition from glassy state to long‐range‐ordered ferroic state in two physically parallel ferroic glasses (relaxor and strain glass) have been reviewed from the aspect of experimental characteristics. The similarities and differences between these two ferroic glasses from macroscopic to microscopic properties have been summarized. In addition, some interesting phenomena that deserve further investigations have been pointed out.
Quasi‐static and Impact Responses of Multi‐layered Corrugated Paperboard Cushion by Virtual Mass Method
Authors: Lu Fu‐de , Gao De
Published: April 2014

Quasi‐static compressive and impact behaviours of multi‐layered corrugated paperboard (MLCP) cushioning structure were analysed by a recently proposed virtual mass method. First, virtual mass method was applied and verified analytically to solve quasi‐static compressive responses for representative two‐layer corrugated paperboard cushioning structure. The results show that the two layers in the cushioning structure reach the buckling state in chronological order because of the existence of the small perturbations triggered by inertial force related to virtual mass, which leads to the two typical stress peaks in stress–strain curves. Second, the quasi‐static compressive behaviours of MLCP cushioning structure were further studied numerically, showing that the buckling order of multi‐layer cushioning structure depends on virtual mass, but the stress–strain curves remain unchanged when the virtual mass is smaller than some certain value. Finally, quasi‐static and dynamic impact tests of MLCP cushioning structure composed of C‐flute corrugated paperboard were carried out to further validate the capacity of the virtual mass method to describe layer‐wise collapse mechanism given the constitutive relationship of the monolayer corrugated paperboard. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NLO‐X (X = I–III): New Gaussian basis sets for prediction of linear and nonlinear electric properties
Authors: Paschoal Diego , Costa Marcello F. , Dos Santos Hélio F.
Published: April 2014

New adjusted Gaussian basis sets are proposed for first and second rows elements (H, B, C, N, O, F, Si, P, S, and Cl) with the purpose of calculating linear and mainly nonlinear optical (L–NLO) properties for molecules. These basis sets are new generation of Thakkar‐DZ basis sets, which were recontracted and augmented with diffuse and polarization extrabasis functions. Atomic energy and polarizability were used as reference data for fitting the basis sets, which were further applied for prediction of L–NLO properties of diatomic, H2, N2, F2, Cl2, BH, BF, BCl, HF, HCl, CO, CS, SiO, PN, and polyatomic, CH4, SiH4, H2O, H2S, NH3, PH3, OCS, NNO, and HCN molecules. The results are satisfactory for all electric properties tested; dipole moment (µ), polarizability (α), and first hyperpolarizability (β), with an affordable computational cost. Three new basis sets are presented and called as NLO‐I (ADZP), NLO‐II (DZP), and NLO‐III (VDZP). The NLO‐III is the best choice to predict L–NLO properties of large molecular systems, because it presents a balance between computational cost and accuracy. The average errors for β at B3LYP/NLO‐III level were of 8% for diatomic molecules and 14% for polyatomic molecules that are within the experimental uncertainty. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Double hybrid density‐functional theory using the coulomb‐attenuating method
Authors: Cornaton Yann , Fromager Emmanuel
Published: April 2014

A double hybrid approximation using the Coulomb‐attenuating method (CAM‐DH) is derived within range‐separated density‐functional perturbation theory, in the spirit of a recent work by Cornaton et al. (Phys. Rev. A 2013, 88, 022516). The energy expression recovered through second order is linear in the parameters α and β that control the Coulomb attenuation. The method has been tested within the local density approximation on a small test set consisting of rare‐gas and alkaline‐earth‐metal dimers as well as diatomics with single, double, and triple bonds. In this context, the semiempirical α = 0.19 and β = 0.46 parameters, which were optimized for the hybrid CAM‐B3LYP functional, do not provide accurate interaction and total energies. Using semilocal functionals with density scaling, which was neglected in this work, may lead to different conclusions. Calibration studies on a larger test set would be necessary at this point. This is left for future work. Finally, we propose as a perspective, an alternative CAM‐DH approach that relies on the perturbation expansion of a partially long‐range‐interacting wavefunction. In this case, the energy is not linear anymore in α and β. Work is in progress in this direction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Complementary Approaches to Teaching Nature of Science: Integrating Student Inquiry, Historical Cases, and Contemporary Cases in Classroom Practice
Authors: ALLCHIN DOUGLAS , ANDERSEN HANNE MØLLER , NIELSEN KELD
Published: April 2014

Research has now demonstrated that students can learn nature of science concepts variously through student‐led investigations, contemporary cases, and historical cases. Here we articulate more precisely the merits, deficits, and context of each approach and begin to profile how to integrate them as complementary methods. Emphasis now needs to shift to the needs of practicing teachers and the detailed strategies and modes of assessment that make each method effective and manageable in a classroom and institutional context.
Developing and Using an S3R Model to Analyze Reasoning in Web‐Based Cross‐National Exchanges on Sustainability
Authors: MORIN OLIVIER , SIMONNEAUX LAURENCE , SIMONNEAUX JEAN , TYTLER RUSSELL , BARRAZA LAURA
Published: April 2014

Within the increasing body of research that examines students’ reasoning on socioscientific issues, we consider in particular student reasoning concerning acute, open‐ended questions that bring out the complexities and uncertainties embedded in ill‐structured problems. In this paper, we propose a socioscientific sustainability reasoning (S3R) model to analyze students’ reasoning exchanges on environmental socially acute questions (ESAQs). The paper describes the development of an epistemological analysis of how sustainability perspectives can be integrated into socioscientific reasoning, which emphasizes the need for S3R to be both grounded in context and collective. We argue the complexity of ESAQs requires a consideration of multiple dimensions that form the basis of our S3R analysis model: problematization, interactions, knowledge, uncertainties, values, and governance. For each dimension, in the model we have identified indicators of four levels of complexity. We investigated the usefulness of the model in identifying improvements in reasoning that flow from cross‐national web‐based exchanges between groups of French and Australian students, concerning a local and a global ESAQ. The S3R model successfully captured the nature of reasoning about socioscientific sustainability issues, with the collective negotiation of multiple forms of knowledge as a key characteristic in improving reasoning levels. The paper provides examples of collaborative argumentation in collective texts (wikis) to illustrate the various levels of reasoning in each dimension, and diagrammatic representation of the evolution of collective reflections. We observe that a staged process of construction and confrontation, involving groups representing to some extent different cultural and contextual stances, is powerful in eliciting reasoned argument of enhanced quality.
A Three Dimensional Model to Characterize the Centerline Segregation in CC Slabs
Authors: Brune Tobias , Kortzak Katharina , Senk Dieter , Reuther Nils , Schäperkötter Markus
Published: April 2014

In this investigation the formation of centerline segregation and shrinkage holes in the final stages of solidification during the continuous casting process of slabs is described. Therefore experimental and theoretical investigations of the melt behavior during the solidification are carried out. Based on these results, a model is presented to explain the formation of V‐shaped segregation and core porosities caused by the restricted flow of melt through the mushy zone in slabs. The theoretical explanation is manifested by various observation, calculations and analyses by electron microprobe mappings. The main results are that V‐segregation forms in quasi periodical frequency in longitudinal direction within continuous cast slabs. The areas of formation seem to be independent, like little billets lying side by side in one slab. Consequential a three dimensional model about the behavior of the liquid melt in the final stages of solidification is designed.
Concise Review: The Epigenetic Contribution to Stem Cell Ageing: Can We Rejuvenate Our Older Cells?
Authors: Armstrong Lyle , Al-Aama Jumana , Stojkovic Miodrag , Lako Majlinda
Published: April 2014

Although certainly one of the most recognizable characteristics of human biology, aging remains one of the least understood. This is largely attributable to the fact that aging is both gradual and inherently complex, with almost all aspects of physiology and phenotype undergoing steady modification with advancing age. The complexity of the aging process does not allow for a single all-encompassing definition, yet decades of study using diverse systems, methodologies, and model organisms have begun to build a consensus regarding the central physiological characteristics of aging. Indeed, such studies have shown that the process of aging is invariably accompanied by a diminished capacity to adequately maintain tissue homeostasis or to repair tissues after injury. When homeostatic control diminishes to the point at which tissue/organ integrity and function are no longer sufficiently maintained, physiologic decline ensues, and aging is manifested. Inadequate organ homeostasis indicates possible dysfunction of tissue-specific stem cells. Several mechanisms have been postulated to account for age-related cellular changes; however, increasing literature evidence suggests that age-related changes to the epigenome make a major contribution to the aged phenotype. In this review, we discuss the evidence for epigenetic contributions to tissue-specific stem cell ageing. Stem Cells  2014;32:2291–2298
Hyparrhenia hirta: A potential protective agent against hematotoxicity and genotoxicity of sodium nitrate in adult rats
Authors: Bouaziz‐Ketata Hanen , Salah Ghada Ben , Mahjoubi Amira , Aidi Zied , Kallel Choumous , Kammoun Hassen , Fakhfakh Faiza , Zeghal Najiba
Published: April 2014

The present study was carried out to examine the adverse hematotoxic and genotoxic effects of water nitrate pollution on male adult rats and the use of hyparrhenia hirta methanolic extract in alleviating these effects. Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) was administered to adult rats by oral gavage at a dose of 400 mg kg−1 bw daily for 50 days, while hyparrhenia hirta methanolic extract was given by drinking water at a dose of 1.5 mg mL−1 (200 mg kg−1 bw). The NaNO3‐treated group showed a significant decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit and a significant increase in total white blood cell, in neutrophil and eosinophil counts. Platelet count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration remained unchanged in treated groups compared to those of controls. Meanwhile, the results showed a marked reduction in the antioxidant enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, along with an elevation in the level of lipid peroxidation and a reduction in the total glutathione content, indicating the induction of oxidative stress in the erythrocytes of NaNO3‐treated group. Interestingly, NaNO3 treatment showed a significant increase in the frequencies of total chromosomal aberrations, aberrant metaphases and micronucleus in bone‐marrow cells. The oxidative stress induced by nitrate treatment might be the major cause for chromosomal rearrangements as free radicals leading to DNA damage. Hyparrhenia hirta methanolic extract appeared to be effective against hematotoxic and genotoxic changes induced by nitrate, as evidenced by the improvement of the markers cited above. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 1275–1284, 2015.
Relationship between salivary cortisol and depression in adolescent survivors of a major natural disaster
Authors: Yonekura Takashi , Takeda Kazunori , Shetty Vivek , Yamaguchi Masaki
Published: April 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of salivary cortisol levels for screening mental states such as depression in adolescents following a natural disaster. We examined the relationship of salivary cortisol levels in adolescent survivors of the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake with the depression subscale of the 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Subjects were 63 adolescent survivors (age = 14.29 years ± 0.51) who were administered the GHQ and provided saliva samples thrice daily (morning, afternoon and evening) over the course of 3 days. Based on the GHQ-depression subscores, subjects were divided into low and high depression groups. About 22 % of the subjects were classified into the high symptom group. When data collected over 3 days were used, a significant difference was observed between the two groups in the salivary cortisol levels at the evening time point as well the ratio of the morning/evening levels (p < 0.05). Analyzed by means of receiver-operating characteristic curves, the morning/evening ratios showed a good power in discriminating between subjects with and without depressive symptoms. Our study suggests that repeated measurement of salivary cortisol levels over 3 days has utility in screening for depressive states in adolescents following a natural disaster.
Constipation prevalence in diabetic patients
Authors: Lins Neto Manoel Álvaro de Freitas , Moreno Keila Andreia Martins , da Graça Ravidson Carlos Correia , Lima Sandra Maria Gicó
Published: April 2014

Objective the aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of constipation in diabetic patients treated at the endocrinology outpatient clinic at Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes and PAM Salgadinho, from April to August 2013.

Methods a descriptive and cross-sectional study, carried out through a questionnaire using the Rome III criteria in 372 patients treated at the outpatient endocrinology clinic.

Results of 372 patients evaluated, the frequency of constipation found was 31.2% among diabetic patients. Females predominated in the sample (72.8%) as well as for the frequency of constipation (80.2%). The incidence of type II diabetes was 97.3% and it was observed that 80.2% of the sample was older than 50 years. One hundred and twelve patients with inadequate glycemic control (HgA1c ≥ 7) had an association with constipation.

Conclusion there was an increased frequency of constipation in patients with diabetes mellitus according to the Rome III criteria, in relation to the general population. The inadequate glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus increases the frequency of constipation and it is necessary to perform studies that allow the confirmation of this association to demonstrate this hypothesis.
Twisted K-theory and obstructions against positive scalar curvature metrics
Authors: Pennig Ulrich
Published: April 2014

We decompose θ(M), the twisted index obstruction to a positive scalar curvature metric for closed oriented manifolds with spin universal cover, into a pairing of a twisted K-homology with a twisted K-theory class and prove that θ(M) does not vanish if M is a closed orientable enlargeable manifold with spin universal cover.
SHEAF RECURSION AND A SEPARATION THEOREM
Authors: ACKERMAN NATHANAEL LEEDOM
Published: April 2014

Define a second order tree to be a map between trees (with fixed codomain). We show that many properties of ordinary trees have analogs for second order trees. In particular, we show that there is a notion of “definition by recursion on a well-founded second order tree” which generalizes “definition by transfinite recursion”. We then use this new notion of definition by recursion to prove an analog of Lusin’s Separation theorem for closure spaces of global sections of a second order tree.
MODEL-THEORETIC PROPERTIES OF ULTRAFILTERS BUILT BY INDEPENDENT
FAMILIES OF FUNCTIONS
Authors: MALLIARIS M. , SHELAH S.
Published: April 2014

Our results in this paper increase the model-theoretic precision of a widely used
method for building ultrafilters, and so advance the general problem of
constructing ultrafilters whose ultrapowers have a precise degree of saturation.
We begin by showing that any flexible regular ultrafilter makes the product of
an unbounded sequence of finite cardinals large, thus saturating any stable
theory. We then prove directly that a “bottleneck” in the
inductive construction of a regular ultrafilter on λ
(i.e., a point after which all antichains of

${\cal P}\left( \lambda \right)/{\cal D}$

have cardinality less than λ)
essentially prevents any subsequent ultrafilter from being flexible, thus from
saturating any nonlow theory. The constructions are as follows. First, we
construct a regular filter

${\cal D}$

on λ so that any ultrafilter
extending

${\cal D}$

fails to

${\lambda ^ + }$

-saturate ultrapowers of the random graph, thus of any unstable
theory. The proof constructs the omitted random graph type directly. Second,
assuming existence of a measurable cardinal κ, we
construct a regular ultrafilter on

$\lambda > \kappa$

which is λ-flexible but not

${\kappa ^{ + + }}$

-good, improving our previous answer to a question raised in
Dow (1985). Third, assuming a weakly compact cardinal
κ, we construct an ultrafilter to show that

${\rm{lcf}}\left( {{\aleph _0}} \right)$

may be small while all symmetric cuts of cofinality
κ are realized. Thus certain families of precuts
may be realized while still failing to saturate any unstable theory.
A REDUCTION TO THE COMPACT CASE FOR GROUPS DEFINABLE IN O-MINIMAL
STRUCTURES
Authors: CONVERSANO ANNALISA
Published: April 2014

Let

${\cal N}\left( G \right)$

be the maximal normal definable torsion-free subgroup of a
group G definable in an o-minimal structure M.
We prove that the quotient

$G/{\cal N}\left( G \right)$

has a maximal definably compact subgroup K,
which is definably connected and unique up to conjugation. Moreover, we show
that K has a definable torsion-free complement, i.e., there is
a definable torsion-free subgroup H such that

$G/{\cal N}\left( G \right) = K \cdot H$

and

$K\mathop \cap \nolimits^ \,H = \left\{ e \right\}$

. It follows that G is definably homeomorphic
to

$K \times {M^s}$

(with

$s = {\rm{dim}}\,G - {\rm{dim}}\,K$

), and homotopy equivalent to K. This gives a
(definably) topological reduction to the compact case, in analogy with Lie
groups.
EURIPIDES, ORESTES 1246
Authors: Sampson C. Michael
Published: April 2014

Although the manuscript tradition of Euripides’ Orestes is unanimous in preserving the reading Μυκηνίδες ὦ φίλαι at line 1246, recent editors have increasingly preferred the emendation Μυκηνίδες ὦ φίλ⟨ι⟩αι, first suggested by Gottfried Hermann in 1841. Thanks to the recent publication of new Michigan papyri, that emendation can now be unreservedly accepted.
KINA[I]DOS: A PUN IN DEMOSTHENES’ON THE CROWN?
Authors: Kamen Deborah
Published: April 2014

In his speechOn the Crown(330b.c.e.), the orator Demosthenes twice refers to his opponent Aeschines as akinados(‘fox’), both times in the context of accusing him of flattery and slandering in the service of Philip of Macedon (18.162, 242). Although a number of scholars have studied the use of invective in the speeches of Demosthenes and Aeschines, very little attention has been paid to the significance of this peculiar epithet. In this note, I investigate why Demosthenes calls Aeschines akinados, suggesting that, in addition to painting Aeschines as devious, the word may also have served as a pun.
Dust-acoustic shock waves in a magnetized non-thermal dusty plasma
Authors: SHAHMANSOURI M. , MAMUN A. A.
Published: April 2014

A theoretical investigation is carried out to study the basic properties of dust-acoustic (DA) shock waves propagating in a magnetized non-thermal dusty plasma (containing cold viscous dust fluid, non-thermal ions, and non-thermal electrons). The reductive perturbation method is used to derive the Korteweg–de Vries–Burgers equation. It is found that the basic properties of DA shock waves are significantly modified by the combined effects of dust fluid viscosity, external magnetic field, and obliqueness (angle between external magnetic field and DA wave propagation direction). It is shown that the dust fluid viscosity acts as a source of dissipation, and is responsible for the formation of DA shock structures in the dusty plasma system under consideration. The implications of our results in some space and laboratory plasma situations are briefly discussed.
Association between interleukin-10 polymorphisms and sepsis: a meta-analysis
Authors: PAN W. , ZHANG A. Q. , YUE C. L. , GAO J. W. , ZENG L. , GU W. , JIANG J. X.
Published: April 2014

Genetic association studies of the cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and sepsis have provided inconsistent results. This work attempts to further quantitatively assess the association of three widely evaluated polymorphisms of IL-10 (−592C/A, −819C/T, −1082A/G) with sepsis susceptibility through a meta-analysis. A search of Pubmed, Web of Science and EMBASE databases was performed. Overall, the three polymorphisms have no strong association with sepsis risk. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed there was association between sepsis susceptibility with −592C/A in Caucasians (Avs. C: OR 0·78, 95% CI 0·62–1·00,P = 0·05; AA + CAvs. CC: OR 0·75, 95% CI 0·56–1·00,P = 0·05), and with −1082A/G in Asians (Gvs. A: OR 1·41, 95% CI 1·04–1·91,P = 0·03; GG + AGvs. AA: OR 2·11, 95% CI 1·07–4·16,P = 0·03). This meta-analysis suggests that −592C/A and −1082A/G polymorphisms are associated with sepsis susceptibility in Caucasian, and Asian populations, respectively.
Investigating risk reporting practices in the global insurance industry ‐
Abstract of the London Discussion
Authors: Klumpes Paul
Published: April 2014

This abstract relates to the following paper: KlumpesP.,
KumarA.
and DubeyR.Investigating
risk reporting practices in the global insurance
industry. British Actuarial
Journal, doi: 10.1017/S1357321714000087
Investigating risk reporting practices in the global insurance industry ‐
Abstract of the Edinburgh Discussion
Authors: Klumpes Paul
Published: April 2014

This abstract relates to the following paper: KlumpesP.,
KumarA.
and DubeyR.Investigating
risk reporting practices in the global insurance
industry. British Actuarial
Journal, doi: 10.1017/S1357321714000087
3D Imaging of the Early Embryonic Chicken Heart with Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Rennie Monique Y. , Gahan Curran G. , López Claudia S. , Thornburg Kent L. , Rugonyi Sandra
Published: April 2014

Early embryonic heart development is a period of dynamic growth and remodeling, with rapid changes occurring at the tissue, cell, and subcellular levels. A detailed understanding of the events that establish the components of the heart wall has been hampered by a lack of methodologies for three-dimensional (3D), high-resolution imaging. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) is a novel technology for imaging 3D tissue volumes at the subcellular level. FIB-SEM alternates between imaging the block face with a scanning electron beam and milling away thin sections of tissue with a FIB, allowing for collection and analysis of 3D data. FIB-SEM was used to image the three layers of the day 4 chicken embryo heart: myocardium, cardiac jelly, and endocardium. Individual images obtained with FIB-SEM were comparable in quality and resolution to those obtained with transmission electron microscopy. Up to 1,100 serial images were obtained in 4 nm increments at 4.88 nm resolution, and image stacks were aligned to create volumes 800–1,500 μm3 in size. Segmentation of organelles revealed their organization and distinct volume fractions between cardiac wall layers. We conclude that FIB-SEM is a powerful modality for 3D subcellular imaging of the embryonic heart wall.
SYMMETRIC GRAPHS WITH 2-ARC TRANSITIVE QUOTIENTS
Authors: XU GUANGJUN , ZHOU SANMING
Published: April 2014

A graph $\Gamma $ is $G$-symmetric if $\Gamma $ admits $G$ as a group of automorphisms acting transitively on the set of vertices and the set of arcs of $\Gamma $, where an arc is an ordered pair of adjacent vertices. In the case when $G$ is imprimitive on $V(\Gamma )$, namely when $V(\Gamma )$ admits a nontrivial $G$-invariant partition ${\mathcal{B}}$, the quotient graph $\Gamma _{\mathcal{B}}$ of $\Gamma $ with respect to ${\mathcal{B}}$ is always $G$-symmetric and sometimes even $(G, 2)$-arc transitive. (A $G$-symmetric graph is $(G, 2)$-arc transitive if $G$ is transitive on the set of oriented paths of length two.) In this paper we obtain necessary conditions for $\Gamma _{{\mathcal{B}}}$ to be $(G, 2)$-arc transitive (regardless of whether $\Gamma $ is $(G, 2)$-arc transitive) in the case when $v-k$ is an odd prime $p$, where $v$ is the block size of ${\mathcal{B}}$ and $k$ is the number of vertices in a block having neighbours in a fixed adjacent block. These conditions are given in terms of $v, k$ and two other parameters with respect to $(\Gamma , {\mathcal{B}})$ together with a certain 2-point transitive block design induced by $(\Gamma , {\mathcal{B}})$. We prove further that if $p=3$ or $5$ then these necessary conditions are essentially sufficient for $\Gamma _{{\mathcal{B}}}$ to be $(G, 2)$-arc transitive.
Insurance company denial of payment and enforced changes in the type and dose of opioid analgesics for patients with cancer pain
Authors: Tanco Kimberson , Bruera Sofia E. , Bruera Eduardo
Published: April 2014

Opioids are the mainstay of treatment for moderate to severe cancer pain. The variations in average monthly cost can make it difficult for most patients to procure them without adequate insurance coverage. There are increasing numbers of denials of payment and statements made by insurance agents and other sources regarding inappropriate opioid use, resulting in severe pain and emotional distress for cancer patients and their families. This case series describes five events where the insurer was a major barrier to opioid access.
The need for a multidisciplinary approach to pain management in advanced cancer: A clinical case
Authors: Didwaniya Neha , Tanco Kimberson , de la Cruz Maxine , Bruera Eduardo
Published: April 2014

Advanced cancer patients are often affected by multiple complex symptoms brought about by persistent nociceptive stimuli and intense psychosocial distress. One such complex symptom, cancer pain, has continued to pose a challenge in medical management even though the concept of total pain was described several years ago by Cicely Saunders. Oftentimes, the application of a multidisciplinary approach is delayed after numerous opioid dose escalations and invasive procedures have been performed. The case presented here highlights the importance of timely multidisciplinary intervention and the use of an acute palliative care unit, which resulted in adequate pain control after multiple medical and invasive procedures that caused toxicities.
Azimuthally periodic wedge-shaped metal vane loaded circular ring frequency selective surface
Authors: Bharti Garima , Jha Kumud Ranjan , Singh Ghanshyam , Jyoti Rajeev
Published: April 2014

In this paper, the analysis and simulation of a novel geometrical structure of the frequency selective surface (FSS), which has been achieved through the conductive loading of the simple circular ring with wedge-shaped metal vanes has been discussed. The electrical performance and behavior of the proposed structure have been studied in Ku band (12–18 GHz) of the electromagnetic spectrum for satellite communication. We have radially optimized the proposed structure to enhance the performance, such as reflection and transmission bandwidth. We have also discussed the effect of incident electric field at 0°, 10°, 30°, and 50° on the electrical performance of the proposed FSS. In addition to this, the effect of angular sensitivity on the proposed structure through increasing the number of conductive loaded wedge-shaped metal vanes is also explored. However, the structural parameters of the proposed FSS have been obtained through the synthesis technique. The analytical results obtained from the synthesis technique have been supported by the simulation results achieved through CST Microwave Studio as well as Ansoft high frequency structural simulator (HFSS), which are commercially available simulators based on the finite integral and finite-element technique, respectively. Furthermore, for validation of the numerical results, the Ansoft circuit simulator which is based on mixed potential integral equations (MPIE) and solved by the method-of-moment has also been used to obtain the reflection and transmission parameters through the values of inductance and capacitance, which have been achieved by the numerical analysis.
Incremental Prediction and Moderating Role of the Perceived Emotional Intelligence over Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Peláez-Fernández María Angeles , Extremera Natalio , Fernández-Berrocal Pablo
Published: April 2014

The aim of this research was to explore the influence of Perceived Emotional Intelligence (PEI) on aggression dimensions (Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, Hostility, and Anger) above and beyond the effects of gender, age, and personality traits (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience), as well as the moderating role of PEI on the relationship between personality and aggressive behavior, among young adults. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale, the Big-Five Inventory, and the Aggression Questionnaire were administered to a 313 Spanish community sample, comprised of both males (39.0%) and females (61.0%), ranging from 14 to 69 years old (X= 24.74;SD= 9.27). Controlling the effects of age, gender, and personality, PEI dimensions (Attention, Clarity and Repair) accounted for 3% of the variance (p< .05) in Verbal Aggression and Hostility. Interaction analysis showed that all PEI subscales moderated the relationship between four out of the Big-Five personality dimensions (Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience) and the aggression dimensions. Particularly, the interaction between Attention and Extraversion and between Clarity and Neuroticism were significant predictors of Total Aggression (b= .67,t(313) = 2.35,p< .05;b= –.71,t(313) = –2.50,p< .05). The results show evidence of the predictive and incremental validity of PEI dimensions on aggressive behavior among young adults and of the moderating role of PEI on the personality-aggression relationship.
Dynamics of bacterial community succession in a salt marsh chronosequence: evidences for temporal niche partitioning
Authors: Dini-Andreote Francisco , de Cássia Pereira e Silva Michele , Triadó-Margarit Xavier , Casamayor Emilio O , van Elsas Jan Dirk , Salles Joana Falcão
Published: April 2014

The mechanisms underlying community assembly and promoting temporal succession are often overlooked in microbial ecology. Here, we studied an undisturbed salt marsh chronosequence, spanning over a century of ecosystem development, to understand bacterial succession in soil. We used 16S rRNA gene-based quantitative PCR to determine bacterial abundance and multitag 454 pyrosequencing for community composition and diversity analyses. Despite 10-fold lower 16S rRNA gene abundances, the initial stages of soil development held higher phylogenetic diversities than the soil at late succession. Temporal variations in phylogenetic β-diversity were greater at initial stages of soil development, possibly as a result of the great dynamism imposed by the daily influence of the tide, promoting high immigration rates. Allogenic succession of bacterial communities was mostly driven by shifts in the soil physical structure, as well as variations in pH and salinity, which collectively explained 84.5% of the variation concerning community assemblage. The community assembly data for each successional stage were integrated into a network co-occurrence analysis, revealing higher complexity at initial stages, coinciding with great dynamism in turnover and environmental variability. Contrary to a spatial niche-based perspective of bacterial community assembly, we suggest temporal niche partitioning as the dominant mechanism of assembly (promoting more phylotype co-occurrence) in the initial stages of succession, where continuous environmental change results in the existence of multiple niches over short periods of time.
Comparative transcriptomics of two environmentally relevant cyanobacteria reveals unexpected transcriptome diversity
Authors: Voigt Karsten , Sharma Cynthia M , Mitschke Jan , Lambrecht S Joke , Voß Björn , Hess Wolfgang R , Steglich Claudia
Published: April 2014

Prochlorococcus is a genus of abundant and ecologically important marine cyanobacteria. Here, we present a comprehensive comparison of the structure and composition of the transcriptomes of two Prochlorococcus strains, which, despite their similarities, have adapted their gene pool to specific environmental constraints. We present genome-wide maps of transcriptional start sites (TSS) for both organisms, which are representatives of the two most diverse clades within the two major ecotypes adapted to high- and low-light conditions, respectively. Our data suggest antisense transcription for three-quarters of all genes, which is substantially more than that observed in other bacteria. We discovered hundreds of TSS within genes, most notably within 16 of the 29 prochlorosin genes, in strain MIT9313. A direct comparison revealed very little conservation in the location of TSS and the nature of non-coding transcripts between both strains. We detected extremely short 5′ untranslated regions with a median length of only 27 and 29 nt for MED4 and MIT9313, respectively, and for 8% of all protein-coding genes the median distance to the start codon is only 10 nt or even shorter. These findings and the absence of an obvious Shine–Dalgarno motif suggest that leaderless translation and ribosomal protein S1-dependent translation constitute alternative mechanisms for translation initiation in Prochlorococcus. We conclude that genome-wide antisense transcription is a major component of the transcriptional output from these relatively small genomes and that a hitherto unrecognized high degree of complexity and variability of gene expression exists in their transcriptional architecture.
Amperometric sensors for detection of phenol in oilfield wastewater using electrochemical polymerization of zincon film
Authors: Qin Wenlong , Liu Xuan , Chen Huapeng , Yang Jiang
Published: April 2014

An amperometric sensor for phenol was fabricated based on electrochemical polymerization of zincon onto a carbon paste electrode surface.
Engineering nanointerfaces for nanocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Zhi-cheng , Xu Biao , Wang Xun
Published: April 2014

We focus on recent advances in the delicate design of well-defined nanointerfaces to promote nanocatalysis towards renewable energy.
Synthesis and evaluation of turn-on fluorescent probes for imaging steroid sulfatase activities in cells
Authors: Tai Chih-Hsuan , Lu Chun-Ping , Wu Shih-Hsiung , Lo Lee-Chiang
Published: April 2014

A self-immobilizing probe with the coumarin moiety is designed to detect the human steroid sulfatase intracellularly by fluorescence turn-on imaging.
Surfactant-free synthesis of GeO2 nanocrystals with controlled morphologies
Authors: Javadi Morteza , Yang Zhenyu , Veinot Jonathan G. C.
Published: April 2014

The morphological evolution of GeO2 NPs followed by altering water/ethanol ratio in a surfactant-free approach.
Polymorphs and co-crystals of haloprogin: an antifungal agent
Authors: Baldrighi Michele , Bartesaghi Davide , Cavallo Gabriella , Chierotti Michele R. , Gobetto Roberto , Metrangolo Pierangelo , Pilati Tullio , Resnati Giuseppe , Terraneo Giancarlo
Published: April 2014

Haloprogin is a widely used antifungal agent. Here we report the first polymorphs and halogen-bonded co-crystals ever described.
Construction and modulation of structural diversity in acylamide-MOFs
Authors: Huang Shu-Yun , Li Jian-Qiang , Liu Shu-Juan , Ning Yang , Meng Li-Na , Li Jin-Yuan , Luo Ming-Biao , Luo Feng
Published: April 2014

Under different synthesis conditions, a series of compounds based on the L ligand are obtained. The resulting compounds, 1–7, show different structural features, involving interpenetrating, interlocked, puncturing, and pillared-layered frameworks.
Unusual upconversion emission from single NaYF4:Yb3+/Ho3+ microrods under NIR excitation
Authors: Gao Wei , Zheng Hairong , Han Qingyan , He Enjie , Wang Ruibo
Published: April 2014

Rare earth ion-doped upconversion materials show great potential applications in optical and optoelectronic devices due to their novel optical properties.
The influence of a fibrous carbon envelope on the formation of CoFe nanoparticles for durable electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Jeong Beomgyun , Shin Dongyoon , Lee Jae Kwang , Kim Dae Han , Kim Young Dok , Lee Jaeyoung
Published: April 2014

Non-precious metal electrocatalyst: CoFe particles surrounded by fibrous carbon for the elongated stability of oxygen evolution from water molecules.
Nanoporous dual-electrodes with millimetre extensions: parallelized fabrication and area effects on redox cycling
Authors: Hüske Martin , Offenhäusser Andreas , Wolfrum Bernhard
Published: April 2014

Novel fabrication techniques lead to highly sensitive electrochemical sensors (left). The large-area characteristics of redox-cycling within the sensor's nanopores further cause potential-dependent variations of the overall analyte concentration (right).
N,O-ligated Pd(ii) complexes for catalytic alcohol oxidation
Authors: Dornan Laura M. , Clendenning Gráinne M. A. , Pitak Mateusz B. , Coles Simon J. , Muldoon Mark J.
Published: April 2014

The (HSA)Pd(OAc)2 complex (where HSA = 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-sulfonic acid) is a highly active catalyst for the oxidation of a range of secondary alcohols in 4–6 hours at a low loading of 0.5 mol%. The crystal structure has been obtained and the influence of reaction conditions on catalyst degradation was also examined.
Predicting the spin state of paramagnetic iron complexes by DFT calculation of proton NMR spectra
Authors: Borgogno Andrea , Rastrelli Federico , Bagno Alessandro
Published: April 2014

The spin state of paramagnetic iron complexes can be predicted through the different 1H NMR spectral patterns provided by DFT calculations.
Contaminant-mediated photobleaching of wetland chromophoric dissolved organic matter
Authors: Langlois Maureen C. , Weavers Linda K. , Chin Yu-Ping
Published: April 2014

Organic contaminants in wetlands undergo indirect photodegradation in the presence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and in turn can mediate the photobleaching of CDOM.