bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic Integration of Smart Digital Business Continuity and Configuration Management
Authors: Ambuli T. V. , Vikram G. , Devendran A. , Logesh S. K. , Aancy H. Mickle , Sudhakar M.
Published: September 2024

In today's technologically advanced company world, this chapter highlights the need for configuration management and sensible business continuity. It emphasizes how traditional business continuity plans may be improved by strategically integrating AI, IoT, and cloud computing. These technologies have been used to lower risks and minimize downtime by anticipating possible interruptions, automating reaction plans, and guaranteeing quick recovery. The successful case studies are explained, which highlight the usefulness of these technologies. Configuration management is an organized method for handling modifications to IT systems while preserving their performance, integrity, and compliance. It focuses on best practices for successful deployment and the concepts and instruments of configuration management databases (CMDBs). It emphasizes the value of a comprehensive approach to business resilience and IT management by presenting approaches, frameworks, and real-world examples.
Harnessing Deep Learning for Advanced Video Forensics in Application Software Development
Authors: Sushir Rupesh D. , Bhutada Sarita S.
Published: September 2024

This chapter explores the integration of deep learning in video forensics, highlighting its effectiveness in large datasets and complex patterns in application software development. Deep learning algorithms are applied to enhance video analysis accuracy and efficiency by detecting, extracting, and interpreting critical information, replacing traditional methods with automated, reliable, and timely results. Advancements in convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and generative adversarial networks have been explored for image recognition, data analysis, and anomaly detection. This chapter also illustrates the practical applications of deep learning technologies in crime scene investigation, surveillance, and legal proceedings. Deep learning techniques are being integrated into video forensics, enhancing investigative capabilities and precision in digital evidence analysis.
Advanced Nano-Structured Materials for Energy Storage Devices
Authors: Das Himadri Sekhar , Mishra Santanu , Roymahapatra Gourisankar
Published: September 2024

Advanced nano-structured materials have emerged as key elements in enhancing the acting of strength storage devices in the way that fuel cells, solar cells, Li-ion batteries, super-capacitors, and capacitors. These matters offer superior characteristics including high surface area, enhanced electrical conductivity, and improved mechanical strength, enabling efficient energy storage and conversion processes. In fuel cells and solar cells, nano-structured materials like graphene, quantum dots, and alloy oxides facilitate rapid charge transfer and increase design efficiency. In Li-ion batteries, nano-structured electrodes reinforce ion diffusion and provide higher energy densities. Super-capacitors benefit from nano-structured carbon materials with increased capacitance and faster charge/discharge rates. Capacitors with nano-structured dielectrics exhibit enhanced energy storage capabilities and prolonged lifespan.
Recent Advancements in Li-Ion Battery Electrolytes Made of Anti-Perovskites
Authors: Alam Tausif , Das Avirup
Published: September 2024

Li reach anti-perovskite structure like X3AB has provided a novel and promising potential as a solid electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries because of its flexibility, stability, and lightweight. This chapter summarizes different types of tuneable anti-perovskite structure, their different preparation methods, and ion migration mechanisms with a focus on improving conductivity. Further, the performance of different anti-perovskite electrolyte-based Li-ion batteries has also been critically discussed. Also, the present challenges and perspectives of future development direction have been discussed.
Nanostructural Innovations
Authors: Mangaiyarkkarasi J. , J. Shanthalakshmi Revathy
Published: September 2024

The rise of renewable energy sources has heightened the demand for efficient energy storage. Nanostructured materials, like silicon nanowires and graphene, enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries, offering higher energy density and faster charging. Supercapacitors utilize nanostructured carbon materials, such as graphene, for rapid energy storage and discharge, ideal for applications requiring frequent power surges. Nanostructured fuel cells, employing materials like carbon nanotubes, boost efficiency and durability, promising cleaner power solutions for the future. Similarly, nanostructured solar cells, with materials like quantum dots, increase efficiency and lower costs, driving the transition to sustainable energy. Overall, the development of advanced nanostructured materials is crucial in meeting the growing demand for effective energy storage solutions, emphasizing ongoing research and innovation in this field.
Nanocomposites and Their Role in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Somya Amita , Khan Anish , Varshney Amit Prakash
Published: September 2024

Nanocomposites, comprising components with nanoscale dimensions, hold promise for wastewater treatment due to their unique properties like high surface area and tunable chemistry. These materials are crucial in various treatment processes including adsorption, catalysis, and membrane technologies. The chapter delves into their diverse applications, methods of synthesis, and performance factors. It explores their role in addressing water pollution challenges, covering aspects such as adsorption, catalysis, and membrane processes. Recent advancements, like tailored nanocomposites for specific pollutants and their integration into multifunctional systems, are also discussed. Despite challenges such as environmental impact and scalability, nanocomposites offer potential to revolutionize water purification and foster sustainable management practices. The chapter provides insights into future prospects, aiming to contribute to the protection of global water resources through innovative treatment technologies.
Multiscale Simulation Approaches in Nanosystem Modelling Through Computational Method Review
Authors: Shaikh Zuber Peermohammed , Bhise Satish Balkrishna
Published: September 2024

Overall, the present review is meant to put forth the major directions in multiscale simulation strategies in polymer science. Four major blocks are presented in this part: sequential multiscale approaches, concurrent multiscale approaches, adaptive resolution simulations, and extending atomistic simulations. More recently, a new concept for multiscale simulations has been developed which resembles some characteristics of concurrent methods. In this approach, single atoms or molecules can freely move in the simulation domain and switch smoothly from one resolution to another, for instance based on their spatial coordinates, within the same simulation run. Consequently, these methods are generally referred to as the adaptive resolution simulations. Details of such techniques are provided in the following sections. Finally, the aim and objective of these chapter is to elaborate a number of advanced techniques which allow for extending the reach of a single-scale technique such as within certain conditions. Such methods are also reviewed for the sake of completeness before closing the discussion of multiscale strategies. Finally, the authors conclude the review by emphasizing the current challenges and future research directions. The simulation algorithm often finds the equilibrium by either minimizing an energy functional or driving the set of forces on all degrees of freedom.
Assessment of C.I. ACID RED 2 Adsorption From Aqueous Solution by Modified, Activated, and Raw Water Hyacinth as a Low-Cost Green Adsorbent
Authors: Upadhyay Virendra , Sengar Rajat , Verma Sudhir Kumar
Published: September 2024

The kinetic and isotherms of the adsorption of the C. I. Acid Red 2 onto raw, activated, and modified water hyacinth were studied. Modern techniques used to classify the new agricultural-based biosorbents are FTIR, SEM, TGA, DSC, and XRD. Raw water hyacinth (RWH), activated water hyacinth (AWH), and modified water hyacinth (MWH) were used as green biosorbents in this study. On the decolorization of dye (C. I. Acid Red 2), the consequences of operating parameters such as contact time, the quantity of adsorbent dosage (0.1 to 0.6 g), initial dye concentration, temperature, and pH (2 to 10) have been investigated. Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich's modern isotherms were used to interpret equilibrium statistics. At pH 7 the MWH displays the most dye removal (93%), the AWH shows 82% decolorization at pH 8 and RWH also shows maximum adsorption at pH 8 of the dye. In the case of MWH, the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 93% at 0.4g adsorbent dosage. The MWH was discovered to be a very effective adsorbent for C.I. Acid Red 2 adsorption in all biosorbents. The removal of C.I. Acid Red 2 dye from aqueous solutions is necessary because it has both human and environmental consequences. Raw water hyacinth, activated water hyacinth, and modified water hyacinth appear as a very prospective green adsorbent for the separation of C. I. Acid Red 2 from aqueous solution.
Experimental Analysis of CI Engine Fueled With Musa Balbisiana Colla Underground Stem (MBCUS Ash-Based Catalyst for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Anand Kul Bhushan , Kumar Himansh , Saxena Vishal
Published: September 2024

In this analysis, biodiesel derived from used cooking oil (UCO) was synthesized using a renewable heterogeneous catalyst in a high-pressure, high-temperature reactor. Musa Balbisiana Colla underground stem (MBCUS) ash is utilized as a renewable heterogeneous catalyst under optimized reactor conditions. This study explores its effectiveness in improving biodiesel yield, fuel properties, and environmental sustainability. MBCUS ash exhibits promise in transesterification reactions. Performance, combustion, and emission features of CI engine was reported for B100, B10, B20, and B50 blends of biodiesel and compared with petrodiesel. BTE and BSFC for UCOB20 were higher than other tested blends and almost similar to petrodiesel at full load condition. CP and NHRR were superior and more stable than petrodiesel which was an indication of complete combustion instead of LCV of biodiesel. Overall, harmful emissions were also low due to appropriate combustion w.r. to petrodiesel at full load condition. It was investigated that UCOB20 was the best suited blend for CI engine application.
The Study of Hybrid Nano-Composite Materials and Their Various Applications
Authors: Singh Laxman , Kumar Neeraj , Kumar Azad
Published: September 2024

A nanocomposite material is made up of many phases, each of which has at least one, two, or three dimensions that are nanoscale in size. Advanced carbon nanostructures, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene attachments, in nanocomposites have been seen as interesting opportunities. Graphene-based nanocomposites and CNTs are often divided into a number of groups according to the kinds of discontinuities in their phases. Because of their exceptional qualities, carbon nanomaterial-reinforced nanocomposites, or CNTs, and graphene have been thoroughly investigated for use as engineering materials in a variety of demanding applications. An increasing number of industrial applications are very interested in the development of nano composite materials. This work aims to provide a comprehensive review of the applications of this fascinating class of materials in several fields, such as energy, sensing, control, plasmonic and optoelectronic applications, and pollution reduction.
Preparing Students of Pedagogical Specialties to Apply Data Mining in Education
Authors: Lopanova Elena V. , Shakirov Kakhramonzhon S. , Gimatdinova Regina R. , Luchko Oleg N.
Published: September 2024

The research analyzes the potential of AI and the prospects of using data mining in the educational process of universities. The authors show that students can apply tools and methods of educational data mining to solve tasks across various disciplines. This positively impacts the development of knowledge and skills in advanced methods of experimental data processing. The research identifies potential challenges in training and retraining educational personnel to study and apply educational data mining. These challenges include a lack of knowledge in mathematical disciplines and information technologies, the need to improve training programs necessary for mastering educational data mining, a shortage of instructors ready to support this discipline, and an insufficiently developed innovative thinking style among students. The authors developed and tested digital educational content and assignments for students on using AI and big data analysis in education. The research outlines the prospects for further study in teaching students to apply data mining.
Cybersecurity Threats and Legal Responsibilities in E-Business
Authors: Lyngdoh Shemphang Wann , Sunil  , Chhering Mangal
Published: September 2024

As e-businesses becomes more prevalent, the concern over cybersecurity threats is also rising. As per the Network Readiness Index 2023 (NRI) Report, India has been proactive in integrating e-commerce platforms for businesses. However, challenges related to cybersecurity threats persist for both businesses and customers. By reviewing various literatures, regulations, and case studies, this research highlights the diverse cybersecurity threats faced by e-businesses, measures to mitigate cybersecurity threats, identifies the legal and regulatory frameworks governing e-businesses, legal responsibilities and liabilities of e-businesses, and steps to mitigate them, outlines the challenges faced by e-businesses in relation to cybersecurity threats and legal responsibilities, and highlights the future directions in addressing these challenges. This chapter provides e-businesses, government institutions, and researchers with a comprehensive information about cybersecurity threats and legal responsibilities in e-business practices and steps to mitigate them, both global and within India.
Research of Modified Polyamide Waste Agglomerate: Regulatory Issues and Technological Features
Authors: Lebedev Vladimir , Cherkashyna Maryna , Sokolova Alla , Purys Volodymyr
Published: September 2024

In this article, a regulatory processes study and technological properties of polyamide waste agglomerate modification is carried out. The legal support issues for polymer waste management in Ukraine are considered, ways to improve the most problematic aspects in this area are proposed. The technological properties of polyamide-6 waste agglomerate modification processes were studied in order to improve its technological and strength characteristics. MW-PA CB10 masterbatch modifier impact on the polyamide-6 waste agglomerate technological and strength characteristics complex was studied. It was established that the best is polyamide-6 waste agglomerate with 2 % wt. of masterbatch MW-PA CB10. For this composition the impact strength is 43.5 MPa, breaking stress during bending is 126.4 MPa, tensile strength is 342 N and elongation at break is 117 %. It can be recommended for reuse in traditional fields of primary polyamide-6 to obtain engineering and technical products.
Intestinal obstruction caused by endometriotic deposits: A case report
Authors: Vithursha D. , Jeyaruban J. , Thamaneeyan M. , Chandrakasan M. , Ahilan S. , Rajendram S.M.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Endometriosis is a benign gynecological condition affecting women of reproductive age. The condition principally presents with symptoms like dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain and subfertility. Although endometriosis in the gastrointestinal tract is not an uncommon occurrence, it causing acute intestinal obstruction has been seldom reported in literature.
Case report: We present a case history of a 40 year old woman, who had presented with acute intestinal obstruction. A sigmoid colectomy was done for suspected malignant obstruction of rectosigmoid junction. Histology revealed endometriotic tissue deposits.
Discussion: Incidence of endometrial tissue in the gastrointestinal tract greatly varies according to the site. Greatest incidence is reported to be in the sigmoid colon and rectum. Acute intestinal obstruction can infrequently occur due to endometriosis. Clinical diagnosis in such a case can be challenging, so is radiological confirmation. A combination of medical and surgical therapies can be attempted for endometriosis. In emergency presentation surgery plays a pivotal role in relieving the obstruction be it a Hartmann’s procedure or placement of a stent.
Conclusion: Intestinal endometriosis should be considered a differential diagnosis in women of reproductive age, presenting with intestinal obstruction, which requires a high index of suspicion where relevant, given the history.
Transcatheter ventilation with a modified Rapid-O2 oxygen insufflation device
Authors: Jang Jaewon , Kim Hye Jin , Kim Hyun Joo , Park Wyun Kon
Published: September 2024

Background: The Rapid-O2 oxygen insufflation device® (Rapid-O2) was designed primarily for rescue oxygenation in cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate (CICO) events; thus, hypercapnia is inevitable. Rapid-O2 was modified to enhance ventilation using the Venturi effect during expiration. Methods: To determine the most effective combination of inner catheters (20 gauge [G], 18 G, 16 G, 14 G, and 2-mm inner diameter [ID] transtracheal catheter [TTC]) and insufflation catheters (16 G, 14 G, and 2-mm ID TTC) for achieving optimum ventilation, insufflating and expiratory flows were measured at an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min. The insufflating and expiratory pressures were measured at 6–15 L/min. The flows and pressures were measured using a gas flow analyzer. The insufflating and expiratory times were measured using a trachea-lung model to obtain minute volumes. To assess the improvement by modifying the Rapid-O2, minute volumes were measured using the Rapid-O2.Results: The most appropriate inner catheter was 18 G. The insufflating pressures ranged from 97 (2-mm ID TTC) to 377 cmH2O (16 G) at 15 L/min. During expiration, similar negative pressures of 50 cmH2O were measured in the insufflation catheters at 15 L/min. At lung compliance of 100 ml/cmH2O, the minute volumes through a 2-mm ID and 14 G insufflation catheters were 7.0 and 5.37 L/min, respectively, at 15 L/min. The minute volumes were significantly greater in modified Rapid-O2.Conclusions: Modified Rapid-O2 provided sufficient minute volumes in adults using a 14 G or 2-mm ID insufflation catheter at 15 L/min, demonstrating its potential for ventilation in CICO events.
Sudden Cardiac Death – Can it be Prevented?
Authors: Premanath Manjunath
Published: September 2024

There has been increasing incidences of young people, in their prime of life, suddenly die leaving their family in turmoil. Do these victims had symptoms, but ignored it or the first symptom they had itself was the sudden death. Doctors attending have to go deep in to this subject if they have to prevent such deaths in future. This article tries to go in to this subject to explain as to why these incidences are happening and whether they can be prevented.
Causal relationship between hypertension and ischemic stroke: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Li Yuhua , Pang Mengying , Yue Xuejing
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a well-recognized risk factor for human health and has become a major cause of the global burden of disease over the past decades. Determining the correlation between hypertension and IS is important for the prevention of IS. In epidemiologic studies, researches have reported a strong association between hypertension and IS. However, there is a great deal of heterogeneity between these findings, and the strength of the two associations shows very different results in international studies. Here, we used genetic data to methodically assess the association between hypertension and the risk of IS using a Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. This study may provide a more comprehensive theoretical basis for the link between hypertension and IS.

METHODS:

We studied three hypertension traits including essential hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preexisting hypertension, in a two-sample MR method. Genetic susceptibility to each type of hypertension was explored for the association with the risk of small-vessel IS in data from the IEU-POENGWAS.

RESULTS:

We observed a strong association between essential hypertension with small-vessel IS. Our evidence from data-driven analyses further suggests that genetic susceptibility to gestational hypertension and preexisting hypertension are associated with the development of small-vessel IS. However, in multivariate analyses, these associations would be explained by congenital hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS:

Through our study, we further validated that hypertension is an individual risk factor for IS, with the risk of small-vessel IS increasing approximately 6-fold for every one standard deviation increase in essential hypertension.
Profiling of microglial-originated microvesicles to unearthing their lurking potential as potent foreseeable biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review
Authors: Kanuri Sri Harsha , Sirrkay Prapthi Jayesh
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Alzheimer’s Disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by accumulation of phosphorylated tau and amyloid deposits within the brain tissues in the elderly population. Numerous studies established that amassment of these toxic accretions within the brain tissues initiates neuronal demise and synaptic impairment which becomes the underlying basis for memory loss and cognitive abnormalities in these patients.

HYPOTHESIS:

Hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation are commonly encountered perils in the neuronal milieu that derail the neuron-synapse interactions and maneuver them to undergo apoptosis. A spinoff from neuronal desecration is microglial activation which forms a cardinal role in mounting innate immune defenses for warding off and reversing off toxic stimulus encountered.

RESULTS:

A potential ramification of microglial activation in this context is assembly, processing and exuding of micro-vesicles into the extracellular space. These micro-vesicles will be packaged with amyloid and tau deposits which accumulate intracellularly within microglial cells secondary to their professional scavenging function. These microglial MVs are prone to seed tau and amyloid beta into the surrounding neuron-synapse framework, thus are implicated in spreading the disease pathology in AD.

CONCLUSIONS:

Therefore, these MVs can be considered as an omen for disease initiation, progression, monitoring as well gauging the treatment response in the clinical AD cohorts. We speculate future research studies to unmask the dormant potential of these microglial MVs as reliable markers for diagnosis, evaluating the disease progression as well as treatment in AD. This will open the door for early diagnosis of AD so as to prioritize management and optimize clinical outcomes..
Clinical and radiographic characteristics of traumatic brain injury patients undergoing endovascular rescue for posttraumatic vasospasm
Authors: Khatibi Kasra , Mejia Lucido Luciano Ponce , Saber Hamidreza , Kaneko Naoki , Tateshima Satoshi , Nour May , Colby Geoffrey Philip , Jahan Reza , Buitrago-Blanco Manual , Vespa Paul , Duckwiler Gary , Szeder Viktor
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cerebral vasospasm is a serious sequela of traumatic brain injury (TBI) which leads to further neurologic injury subsequent to the initial trauma. The natural history and associated risk factors are not well understood. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiographic characteristics of patients with TBI.

METHODS:

This is a descriptive case series of all patients with TBI who underwent cerebral angiogram for evaluation and rescue therapy for posttraumatic arterial vasospasm (PTV) between October 2017 and November 2019. The association of clinical and radiographic characteristics with cumulative severity of angiographic vasospasm was evaluated. The clinical characteristics comprised of age, sex, Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) and need for surgery. The radiographic characteristics were presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), location of SAH, presence of contusion, presence of subdural hemorrhage (SDH), and presence of pseudoaneurysm.

RESULTS:

Twenty-two patients with PTV were identified requiring 69 cerebral angiograms (mean: 3.2; range: 1–9 angiograms per patient) during this period. The average age upon presentation was 40 years old, 81% of the patients were male sex, and the average GCS was 6.8. 67% of the patients underwent craniotomy or craniectomy. All patients had SAH, although only 60% had cisternal SAH. Parenchymal contusion was noted on 90% as well as SDH in 90%. The PTV was noted between 3 and 19 days after trauma. There was more vasospasm involving proximal arteries and higher severity of vasospasm in patients with cisternal SAH. Otherwise, there was no strong association between the clinical or radiographic characteristics and cumulative severity noted on the angiograms for each patient.

CONCLUSION:

Posttraumatic vasospasm can be detected as early as posttrauma day 3–19 in patients with TBI and SAH. The absence of cisternal SAH does not rule out the occurrence of the vasospasm during the course of treatment.
Optimizing a mouse model of exertional heat stroke to simulate multiorgan and brain injuries
Authors: Peng Yuliang , Fang Zongping , Li Jing , Jia Qi , Ma Hongwei , Li Ling , Wu You , Zhang Xijing
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a clinical entity characterized by abnormalities of the central nervous system (CNS) and is associated with multiple organ injury, some of which may be irreversible. It is valuable to establish an optimized model of EHS that is able to induce and assess damage to the CNS and multiple organs.

METHODS:

We induced EHS by using an environmental chamber with adjustable temperature and humidity and a mice forced running wheel. The endpoint for the EHS was defined as either exhaustion or a core temperature of 42.5°C being reached. Injury to the liver, kidney, and CNS of mice in the EHS group was revealed through pathological studies using hematoxylin and eosin staining of harvested organs at different time points and detection of biomarkers. The depressive-like behavior of EHS mice was assessed through open field tests, forced swimming tests, and tail suspension tests.

RESULTS:

The favorable environmental conditions for induction of EHS based on this presented model are 38°C, 70% RH. The EHS mice developed thermoregulatory dysfunction and experienced a significantly higher weight loss ratio compared to the SHE (sham heat exercise) group. The liver, kidney, and brain tissues of EHS mice were significantly damaged, and the pathological damage scores for each organ were significantly higher than those of the SHE group. In the open field test (OFT), compared to the SHE group, there was a significant reduction in the number and time of EHS mice entering the center of the open field. Additionally, there was a significant increase in immobile time during forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST).

CONCLUSION:

This study presents an improved animal model that has the potential to assess for neurological and multiple organ injury caused by EHS and simultaneously, while accurately reflecting the clinical characteristics observed in EHS patients.
Action observation therapy impact on mirror neurons combined with acupuncture for upper limb motor impairment rehabilitation in stroke patients
Authors: Maimaitiaili Dilinuer , Shi Jue , Shan Chunlei , Jin Li , Gu Yiwen , Li Yuanli , Shu Jin
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE:

Upper limb (UL) dysfunction rehabilitation in stroke patients is complicated in the clinic. Action observation therapy’s (AOT) impact on mirror neurons (MNs) has been observed and made applications in related brain disease treatment. Acupuncture mentioned in the present study mainly stimulates peripheral nerves for neuronal plasticity. However, the clinical effect of AOT impact on MNs and acupuncture irritate afferent nerve fibers in combination for UL motor impairment rehabilitation after stroke is still unclear. In the present study, we investigate the central and peripheral neural stimulation meanwhile for UL recovery with stroke patients.

METHODS:

In this clinical study, 82 stroke patients recruited with impaired UL were randomly assigned to three groups. Twenty-four cases were in the AOT group, 28 cases were in the AOT combined acupuncture treatment group, and 30 cases were in the acupuncture treatment group. All volunteers were scored for limb function through the Fugl–Meyer Assessment of the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), the Action Research Arm Test, and the modified Barthel Index (BI) before and after a systematic treatment according to the groups. Meanwhile, conventional physical therapy was also implemented for all cases.

RESULTS:

Before the specific intervention, the scores of FMA-UE, FMA-UE, and BI with all stroke patients have no significant statistical difference (P > 0.05). After the corresponding treatment, we assessed UL function again at 4 and 8 weeks. At 4 weeks, the patients with AOT showed a significant increase in BI scores compared to the acupuncture group (P < 0.05). At 8 weeks, the FMA-UE scores of the patients with AOT combined with acupuncture were significantly increased than acupuncture alone (P < 0.05). We also observed that the BI scores of the combination and the AOT group both were improved compared to the acupuncture group with significant statistical analysis (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on the MNs theory, we adopted AOT impact on MNs which would be a promising rehabilitation technique, especially combined with acupuncture treatment in UL recovery of stroke. Mirror therapy seems to be effective for central neuronal plasticity, but for action or AOT, there is still insufficient evidence to recommend its optimal strategy and neuromodulation mechanism. Here, research on the MNs-based AOT technique with acupuncture in UL dysfunction with stroke patients is recommended.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:
http://www.chictr.org.cn (identifier: ChiCTR2300077010).
Intravenous thrombolysis plus tirofiban versus tirofiban alone in Caucasian patients with acute anterior choroidal or paramedian pontine infarction
Authors: Toudou-Daouda Moussa , Yatwa-Zaniwe Roger-Venant , Aminou-Tassiou Nana-Rahamatou , Baby Mohamed , Soumah Djibril , Altarcha Tony , Aghasaryan Manvel , Laine Olga , Chausson Nicolas , Smadja Didier
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Tirofiban has been shown to be superior to aspirin in achieving functional independence at 3 months for acute ischemic stroke of atheromatous or microatheromatous origin. As intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) has previously been shown to be nonsuperior to aspirin in achieving functional independence at 3 months for anterior choroidal or paramedian pontine infarction (ACI/PPI), we aimed to compare the outcomes of Caucasian patients receiving IVT plus tirofiban (IVT + T) with those receiving tirofiban alone for acute ACI/PPI.

METHODS:

A retrospective study was conducted in patients aged ≥ 18 years with ACI/PPI treated in our stroke unit between December 1, 2020, and April 30, 2023, who received therapeutic intervention within 9 hours of symptom onset or after awakening with stroke symptoms. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤ 1 at 3 months was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≤ 2 at day 7 or discharge and post-procedural neurological deterioration (PPND) within 72 hours. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) and major systemic bleeding (MSB) were the safety measures of the study.

RESULTS:

A total of 24 patients were enrolled in the tirofiban group and 43 patients in the IVT + T group. Compared to tirofiban alone, IVT + T was associated with a higher probability of achieving mRS ≤1 at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.06–37.52; P = 0.003) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≤2 at day 7 or discharge (aOR, 3.70; 95% CI, 1.05–12.99; P = 0.041). No significant difference was seen between the two groups in preventing postprocedural neurological deterioration. One case of SICH and two cases of MSB occurred in the IVT + T group and no cases in the tirofiban group. One case of inhospital mortality was recorded in the IVT + T group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results showed that IVT + T may be safe and effective in Caucasian patients with acute ACI/PPI.
The application of optogenetics in traumatic brain injury research: A narrative review
Authors: Lin Cheng-Hao , Gao Bei-Yao , Ge Rui-Dong , Cui Rui , Han Wen , Jiang Shan
Published: September 2024

Optogenetics has revolutionized the landscape of research on neurological disorders by enabling high spatial specificity and millisecond-level temporal precision in neuroscience studies. In the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI), optogenetic techniques have greatly advanced our understanding of the pathological and physiological processes involved, providing valuable guidance for both monitoring and therapeutic interventions. This article offers a review of the latest research applications of optogenetics in the study of TBI.
Prognostic Values and Treatment Responses Evaluated with Lymphovascular Invasion, Perineural Permeation, and Histologic Transformation for Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Lin Mei-Chen , Yeh Su-Peng , Lin Ching-Chan
Published: September 2024

Background:

To evaluate the prognostic significance of adverse pathologic characteristics including lymphovascular invasion, perineural permeation, and squamous/sarcomatoid transformation in patients with urothelial tumors, and to analyze their correlations with the treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancers.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 277 consecutive patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma between 2004 and 2016 at China Medical University Hospital in Taiwan were included. Radical cystectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for bladder cancer and radical nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract cancer were performed. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was routinely given to patients with bladder cancer. Medical records and adverse pathologic characteristics were reviewed. Overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and locoregional recurrence-free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method with a log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. The association between pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and pathologic characteristics was evaluated using logistic regression.

Results:

Of the 277 patients, 56.3% had at least one adverse pathologic characteristic. Compared to those without adverse characteristics, the patients with at least one adverse pathologic characteristic had significantly worse OS (5-year OS [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 77.2% [65.7%–85.3%] vs. 39.7% [29.9%–49.4%], P < 0.01), higher occult nodal metastasis (22.3% vs. 0%), and worse DMFS (5-year DMFS [95% CI]: 88.5% [80.5%–93.4%] vs. 43.0% [33.3%–52.4%], P < 0.01). When neoadjuvant chemotherapy was applied, 4.3% of the patients with adverse characteristics achieved a optimal patholoigc response, but 58.1% achieved a pCR, if they did not have any adverse characteristics (odds ratio: 38.8, 95% CI: 6.70–225.2, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Adverse pathologic characteristics could predict poor outcomes and chemotherapy resistance independently of the clinical AJCC TNM stage in patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Incorporating pathologic information into decision-making for cancer management should be considered.
Squamous Cell Cancer of the Skin in a Patient on Maintenance Capecitabine for Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Mahajan Sidharth , Moore Heather , Jolly Puneet , Kimmick Gretchen
Published: September 2024

Capecitabine is a widely used and effective oral chemotherapeutic agent for metastatic breast cancer and colorectal cancer; however, it is associated with several adverse effects. Of these effects, hand–foot syndrome (HFS) or palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia, characterized by chronic inflammation, particularly of the hands and feet, is most notable. Chronic inflammation increases the risk of squamous cell cancers. We present a unique case of a patient with metastatic breast cancer whose disease was controlled with capecitabine for over a decade. She experienced chronic grade 1–2 HFS and subsequently developed squamous cell skin cancer on the palms and soles. To the best of our knowledge, squamous cell cancer associated with capecitabine exposure has not been previously reported. This case report aims to shed light on this association, thereby expanding the existing literature on the topic.
A Liposomal Irinotecan and S-1 Combination is Shown to be Efficacious in the Treatment of Metastatic Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Teng Ling-Chiao , Shih Yu-Hsuan
Published: September 2024

Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma (PACC) represents a rare malignancy within the pancreatic tumor spectrum. Owing to its rarity, the establishment of a standardized chemotherapy regimen for patients presenting with either metastatic disease or recurrence after radical surgery remains elusive. Most previous studies and case reports have used gemcitabine-based and 5-fluorouracil-based regimens, however, no previous study has reported the use of liposomal irinotecan in combination with S-1. In this report, we present a patient with PACC who experienced disease progression with liver metastasis after radical tumor resection followed by chemoradiotherapy. The patient underwent second-line treatment with liposomal irinotecan in conjunction with S-1. Encouragingly, the patient has remained free of recurrence and progression during a follow-up period of 2 years and 3 months.
Targeted orbital intervention in the management of sino-orbital mucormycosis cases
Authors: Meel Rachna , Bajaj Mandeep S , Pushker Neelam , Agrawal Sahil , Tyagi Parag , Thakkar Alok , Sharma Sanjay , Pachaury Shuchita S , Wig Navneet
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Many countries from South-East Asia reported an epidemic of sino-orbital mucormycosis (SOM), otherwise a rare disease, during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. SOM, a potentially fatal disease, is typically treated with orbital exenteration and systemic antifungals after metabolic stabilization. There is no clear evidence of survival benefit of exenteration in the literature, and thus, there have been attempts at globe conserving treatments like orbital infusion after limited debridement and intraorbital injections with Amphotericin B (IOAB).

Methods:

We conducted a prospective comparative interventional study at a tertiary eye care hospital to evaluate treatment outcomes with the use of adjunctive IOAB in cases of SOM with mild to moderate orbital disease.

Results:

Thirty-six patients of SOM with mild to moderate orbital disease were recruited in the study. In the intervention group, 23/26 (885%) eyes had stable orbital disease at the end of treatment (4–6 weeks). No deterioration in visual acuity was noted as a result of treatment. In 8/26 (30.77%) patients, inflammation was noted as a side effect of IOAB requiring temporary discontinuation of injections. The mean follow-up for cases was 14.2 months (range 12–15 months). 1/23 (4.35%) patients had relapse of orbital disease at 3 months. Twenty-one patients are alive on last follow-up. Of the patients who refused treatment (controls), 2/9 (22.22%) patients relapsed. One of these patients with relapse underwent exenteration, while the other was managed with IOAB. At a follow-up of 14 months (range 12–15 months), eight patients are alive. On evaluating the ocular parameters in salvaged eyes, improvement in extraocular movements was noted in 75–80% cases. The degree of proptosis and resistance to retropulsion did not change significantly.

Conclusion:

In the current study, an improvement in the globe salvage rates was noted in cases of SOM with mild to moderate orbital disease treated with adjunctive IOAB as compared to controls at a mean follow-up of 14 months, although it did not achieve statistical significance. The study supports the inclusion of IOAB in routine management of mild to moderate orbital disease.
Current perspectives and concerns in corneal neurotization
Authors: Saini Manu , Jain Arun , Vanathi Murugesan , Kalia Aman , Saini Kulbhushan , Gupta Parul , Gaur Nripen
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to comprehensively explore the intricacies of corneal neurotization (CN) and the nuanced factors that set it apart from routine clinical practice, exerting a substantial influence on its success. A symbiotic relationship is evident between corneal innervation and ocular surface health. The loss of corneal innervation results in a potentially challenging corneal condition known as neurotrophic keratopathy (NK). The majority of treatments are primarily focused on preventing epithelial breakdown rather than addressing the underlying pathogenesis. Consequently, to address the impaired corneal sensation (underlying etiology), a novel surgical approach has emerged, namely CN, which involves transferring healthy sensory nerve axons to the affected cornea. This review offers valuable insights into the existing body of supporting evidence for CN, meticulously examining clinical studies, case reports, and experimental findings. The aim is to enhance our understanding of the effectiveness and potential outcomes associated with this innovative surgical technique. The exploration of innovative therapeutic avenues holds promise for revolutionizing the management of NK, offering a potentially permanent solution to a condition once deemed incurable and severely debilitating.
Nutrition and diet for dry eye disease: Insights toward holistic management
Authors: Bhandarkar Nikhil S , Shetty Keerthy , Narendra P , Kiran Anupama , Shetty Rohit , Shetty K Bhujang
Published: September 2024

Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most common eye problems in the aging population. Hyperosmolarity triggers the immune response in DED and consequently activates the self-perpetuating immune cycle, leading to chronic damage of the ocular surface. This event causes symptoms such as a burning sensation, irritation, redness, photophobia, and blurred vision in DED patients. Subsequently, the quality of life gets significantly affected. The rising demand for DED management and treatment solutions, and the desirable outcomes from innovative therapies that draw global interest provide evidence to demonstrate the role of diet and nutrition in DED. Nutritional deficiency and a Westernized diet contribute to the chronic systemic progression of DED symptoms. It has been revealed in several published studies that the use of nutrients and dietary supplements improves the ocular surface and acts as a protective factor against DED. - We reviewed nutrition and dietary aspects in managing DED and its associated consequences, based on published studies, and reached an evidence-based conclusion.
Posterior lamellar wedge resection of lower eyelid margin lesions
Authors: Diab Mostafa M , Allen Richard C , Ismail Ahmed A , Saif Ahmed T S
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

Removal of clinically benign eyelid margin lesions is frequently desired for cosmetic concerns. Although surgical excision remains the standard therapy for such lesions, it carries the risk of unfavorable outcomes. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate a more aesthetic technique entailing a posterior lamellar wedge resection of lower eyelid margin lesions through an infraciliary incision.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients who underwent posterior lamellar wedge resection for benign lower eyelid margin lesions between May 2017 and June 2022 was performed. Patient satisfaction using the visual analog score (VAS) and cosmetic outcomes using the Strasser score.

Results:

Forty-two patients met the inclusion criteria (61.9% female, mean age: 46.8 years). Nevus was the most frequent histologic diagnosis (57.1%). Furthermore, 66.7% of lesions extended to the back of the lid margin. The mean defect size was 5.8 mm (range: 3.5–8 mm). The mean follow-up interval was 24.1 months (range: 6–60 months). Thirty-two (76.2%) eyelids had scores indicating an excellent result, and 10 (23.8%) patients had a good result. The mean patient satisfaction VAS score for the eyelid appearance was 96 (range: 70–100). There were no cases of recurrence of resected lesions. No further surgery was performed on the operated eyelid for any reason during the follow-up period.

Conclusion:

Posterior lamellar wedge resection for lower eyelid margin lesions was associated with excellent cosmetic outcomes, high patient satisfaction, and minimal adverse events.
Volume measurement of the vitrectomised eye and its applications in practice
Authors: Agrawal Surbhi , Shanmugam P Mahesh , Mishra Divyansh Kailashchandra , Ramanjulu Rajesh , Ravishankar HN , Sagar Pradeep , Sahare Harshal , Suryakanth Shwetha
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

To estimate the vitreous cavity replacement volume after pars plana vitrectomy and analyze its correlation with axial length and refractive error.

Methods:

Observational cross-sectional study on 103 eyes undergoing vitrectomy. Fluid-air exchange was performed using a soft-tip cannula connected to a PVC tubing, the distal end of which opened into a 10-cc syringe without the plunger. The collected fluid was measured (and correction factors applied) to estimate the vitreous cavity volume.

Results:

The mean axial length of 103 eyes was 23.43 ± 1.54 mm. The mean vitreous cavity volume was 4.46 ± 0.83 mL (2.8–8.1 mL). There was a strong positive correlation between axial length and vitreous volume, which was stronger for pseudophakic and aphakic groups than for phakic groups.

Conclusion:

Accurate assessment of vitreous cavity volume can enable precise quantification of tamponade, intravitreal drugs, and intravitreal chemotherapeutic agents. This will allow better surgical outcomes, decreased toxicity, and increased cost-effectiveness due to lesser wastage.

Objective:

To estimate the vitreous cavity replacement volume after pars plana vitrectomy and analyze its correlation with axial length and refractive error.