bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ravulizumab in juvenile myasthenia gravis: An effective treatment in a 17‐year‐old girl
Authors: Vecchio Domizia , Papa Amanda , Filisetti Giada , Brustia Francesca , Comi Cristoforo , Cantello Roberto
Published: January 2025

Background

Ravulizumab, a monoclonal antibody against C5, is not currently approved for juvenile myasthenia gravis (MG).

Case Presentation

We are presenting a 14‐year‐old Moroccan girl diagnosed with antibody‐positive generalized MG first treated with pyridostigmine 240 mg, prednisone 1 mg/kg/day, and thymectomy. Her clinical status remained unchanged (MG Foundation of America Clinical Classification: IIIa) with azathioprine 3 mg/kg, and steroids up to 2 mg/kg/day. She also required three rescue therapies over the subsequent 8 months, gained 10 kg, and had insomnia. We started compassionate ravulizumab treatment, as part of Alexion Pharmaceuticals expanded access program. At screening, the Myasthenia Gravis–Activities of Daily Living scale total score was 4, and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis total scores were 13 (handgrip and forced vital capacity not performed). She continued her treatment every 8 weeks, and, at week 60, her Myasthenia Gravis–Activities of Daily Living scale total score was 0, and Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis total score was 1. This status was achieved despite an ongoing steroid tapering, that was possibly allowed using a rapidly‐acting treatment. No significant infection or adverse effects were collected.

Conclusions

We are presenting the first case of juvenile MG treated with ravulizumab. Clinical assessment showed at week 60 an improvement of 12 points according to the Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis scoring system, and 3 points to the Myasthenia Gravis–Activities of Daily Living scale total score. This case report supports the efficacy and safety of ravulizumab in MG patients aged <18 years.
SNV/Indel and CNV Analysis in Trio‐WES for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Diagnostic Yield & Cost‐Effectiveness
Authors: Qian Guanhua , Yang Nanyan , Deng Fang , Zhang Mingze , Pan Xin , Tan Bo , Liu Li , Zhang Xu , Yao Hong , Dong Xiaojing
Published: January 2025

Intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders of global concern. While whole exome sequencing (WES) is used to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions/deletions (Indels) in IDD patients, its detection rate is limited. This study evaluated the value of integrating copy number variation (CNV) analysis into traditional SNV/Indel analysis based on trio‐WES. One hundred eighty seven patients with IDD in 140 families from southwest China were incorporated into the study cohort. The overall diagnostic rate was 40.11% (75/187), with 33.16% (62/187) from SNV/Indel analysis and 6.95% (13/187) from CNV analysis. SNV/Indel analysis identified 52 variants in 42 genes, including 30 novel and 22 reported variants; CNV analysis identified 11 CNVs, comprising 1 repeat and 10 deletions, with sizes ranging from 1313 to 55 184 kb. 39.29% (55/140) families benefited from this study for their clinical diagnosis, treatment, and reproduction. Furthermore, our strategy, with an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $2546.22/diagnosis, had demonstrated significant advantages in terms of cost‐effectiveness and detection speed compared to previous methods. In general, by incorporating SNV/Indel and CNV analysis based on trio‐WES, a robust, cost‐effective, and time‐saving approach for diagnosing IDD has been developed.
Effect of Refined Nursing on Wound Complications After Thoracoscopic Surgery for Lung Cancer
Authors: Dong Yanxia , Ma Guangqin , Wu Shuaishuai , Zhang Shuling
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Lung cancer thoracoscopic postoperative wound complications bring great pain and inconvenience to patients.

Methods

To provide clinical nurses with a more scientific and effective nursing plan, this study evaluated the effect of refined nursing on wound complications after thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer. Two‐hundred thirty patients undergoing thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table method. The study group received refined nursing intervention (115 cases), and the control group received routine nursing intervention (115 cases). The effects of the two groups' nursing modes on the wound complications (pleural effusion, incision infection, lung leakage, and wound bleeding) after thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer were compared.

Results

According to the study results, the study group experienced a shorter intraoperative blood loss, lower extubation time, shorter hospital stay, and lower wound complication rate than the control group (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the study group had significantly lower Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores, and higher the short form 36 health survey questionnaire (SF‐36) scores (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Compared with the control group, the implementation of refined nursing intervention for patients with thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer has fewer postoperative wound complications and can improve patients' nursing satisfaction and quality of life, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.
Examining Baseline Relations Between Parent–Child Interactions and STEM Engagement and Learning
Authors: Gin Skyler , Yin Heyang , Boykin C. Malik , Sobel David M.
Published: January 2025

Several studies suggest that children's learning and engagement with the content of play activities is affected by the ways parents and children interact. In particular, when parents are overly directive and set more goals during play with their children, their children tend to play less or are less engaged by subsequent challenges with the activity on their own. A concern, however, is that this directed interaction style is only compared with other styles of parent–child interaction, not with a baseline measure of engagement or learning. The present study incorporates such a baseline measure, comparing it with previously‐collected data on children's engagement and learning in a set of circuit‐building challenges. Regarding engagement, children were less engaged by the challenges when their parents were more directed during a free play setting (tested in Sobel et al. 2021) than when children had no prior experience playing with the circuit components. Regarding learning, children were better able to complete the circuit challenges and provided more causal explanations for how the completed challenges worked when they had experience playing with the circuit blocks with their parent. Overall, these data suggest that parent–child interaction during a STEM activity relates to both children's engagement and performance on challenges related to that activity.
Political Business Cycles in Varieties of Capitalistic Systems
Authors: Beckmann Joscha , Schweickert Rainer , Jahn Marvin
Published: January 2025

This study contributes to the literature on political business cycles by assessing the effect of elections on growth expectations based on expert survey data instead of using actual performance data. We analyze the different roles opportunistic and partisan politics play in varieties of capitalistic systems as a source of heterogeneity. Our results show that expectations differ remarkably between Liberal and Coordinated Market Economies (LME vs. CME) even independent of election outcomes.
Exploring Dental Trauma Among Cattle Farmers in Vadodara, Gujarat: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Authors: Kariya Pratik B. , Antala Aishwarya V. , Singh Sweta , Baishya Simron , Shah Palak
Published: January 2025

Background

Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) are a global health concern, affecting millions of people annually. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) can vary significantly with change in geographic region, occupation, and lifestyle. Animal handlers, such as cattle farmers, are at risk of experiencing TDIs due to their interactions with animals. However, there have been no previous studies investigating the prevalence of TDI among cattle farmers.

Aim

To determine the prevalence and associated risk of TDI among cattle farmers in Vadodara City, Gujarat, India.

Methodology

A cross‐sectional study was conducted among cattle farmers residing in Vadodara City. Purposive snowball sampling was used to recruit the cattle farmers. A questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic variables, animal handling practices, experience, history of trauma. Clinical examination was carried out to screen for TDI and possible risk factors.

Results

A total of 357 cattle farmers participated in the study. The prevalence of TDI among cattle farmers was 7.8%. All the respondents reported some form of soft tissue injury (100%). Luxation (60.71%) was the most frequent dental injury, followed by tooth fracture (57.14%). Maxillary incisors were the most commonly affected teeth (75.61%). Kicking (39%) and head‐butting (43%) were the most frequent causes of injury. Increased overjet, inadequate lip coverage, and Class II molar relationship were associated with a higher risk of TDI.

Conclusion

Prevalence of TDI among cattle farmers was found to be 7.8%. Since the cattle farmers are inherently at risk for TDI as occupational hazard, preventing dental trauma‐related injuries in cattle farmers is crucial.
Evaluating the Effects of Mental Health e‐Learning on the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Primary Healthcare Professionals in Mali. A Pilot Study
Authors: Mroueh Lara , Bruand Pierre‐Emile , Poudiougou Oumar , Kleinebreil Line , Fall Ndao Amy , Moussaoui Driss , Preux Pierre‐Marie , Bagayoko Cheick Oumar , Boumediene Farid
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite their high prevalence and significant burden, mental disorders remain grossly under‐diagnosed and under‐treated. In low‐and‐middle‐income countries, such as Mali, integrating mental health services into primary care is the most viable way of closing the treatment gap. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a mental health e‐learning program on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary healthcare professionals in Mali.

Methods

An e‐learning platform including 12 interactive modules was used to train 46 healthcare professionals. Changes in knowledge, attitudes and practices, as well as in satisfaction with knowledge and in ability to diagnose and manage patients were evaluated by comparing data collected pre and post e‐learning.

Outcomes

Knowledge and practices scores increased significantly post e‐learning for all modules, except the practices score for anxiety disorders. Similarly, scores regarding satisfaction with knowledge and ability to diagnose and manage patients increased significantly, and more so than the knowledge and practices scores. Changes in attitudes however were not significant.

Conclusion

Despite the difficult conditions of implementation in isolated areas of rural Mali, preliminary results suggest a positive effect of the e‐learning.
Product Market Competition and Financial Constraints: Evidence From Higher Education
Authors: Becker Mary , McGurk Zachary , Reilly Patrick
Published: January 2025

This paper empirically investigates the relationship between product market competition and financial constraint of traditional US private colleges and universities. Using data for private, not‐for‐profit colleges and universities from 2006 to 2018, we create a synthetic credit rating using the Moody's Rating Methodology for Higher Education and generate market concentration measurements using enrollment data, geographic location, and incoming student SAT scores or acceptance rates. We find that higher market concentration is associated with greater financial constraint, schools with low‐scoring incoming students are more constrained when facing competition from peers with low‐scoring incoming students, and schools in markets with growing student populations have more financial constraint on average in less‐competitive markets and less financial constraint in more‐competitive markets.
LDHAα, a lactate dehydrogenase A isoform, promotes glycolysis and tumor progression
Authors: Huang Bingqing , Shen Wencui , Jia Yujiao , Qin Li , Wang Haoxu , Sun Qi , Xiao Zhijian , Zhang Rongxin , Wang Huijun
Published: January 2025

Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is upregulated in multiple cancer types and contributes to the Warburg effect. Several studies have found that many tumor‐related genes have subtypes and play important roles in promoting cancer development. Here, we identified a novel LDHA transcript, which produced a new protein 3 kDa larger than LDHA, which we named LDHAα. We found that multiple cancer cell lines express LDHAα, and ectopic expression of LDHAα led to a higher proliferation and migration rate in vitro. Ectopic expression of LDHAα could also promote tumor cell growth in vivo. Conversely, deletion of LDHAα by CRISPR‐sgRNA significantly inhibited the growth of tumor cells. LDHAα was found to be mainly located in the cytoplasm, and overexpression or deletion of LDHAα could significantly affect the glucose uptake and lactate production of tumor cells. Further investigation showed that c‐MYC and FOXM1 could markedly modulate the expression of both LDHA and LDHAα, especially c‐MYC. We found that a small molecular compound targeting LDHA could also inhibit the enzyme activity of LDHAα. LDHAα, LDHA and c‐MYC expression was significantly higher in human acute lymphocytic leukemia and colorectal cancer tissue specimens compared to normal controls. In conclusion, our study identified LDHAα as a subtype of LDHA and highlighted its critical role in tumor metabolism, providing a potential new therapeutic target for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
Gait speed assessment in confined spaces: Development of a novel automated 4‐m static‐start test to measure dynamic‐start gait speed
Authors: Pua Yong‐Hao , Clark Ross Allan , Tay Laura , Ng Yee‐Sien , Poh Jaylyn Tze‐Theng , Ibrahim Salma Bte Md , Cheong Wai‐Chye , Tan Hong‐Han , Thumboo Julian
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To promote standardization and feasible measurements of gait speed across the field, we developed a device that used light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology to measure gait speed from a standing‐start testing procedure conducted on a 4‐m total walkway. We compared this automated (LiDAR‐based) standing‐start 4‐m gait speed test (AS‐4MG) with automated and manual (stopwatch‐based) dynamic‐start 4‐m gait speed tests (AD‐4MG and MD‐4MG, respectively) on between‐method agreement, measurement repeatability, and predictive validity with functional outcomes.

Methods

A sample of 48 community‐dwelling adults (mean [SD], 69 [9] years) participated in this method comparison study. Participants completed a survey and a physical function assessment, from which self‐reported stair difficulty, handgrip strength, sit‐to‐stand performance, and gait speed (AS‐, AD‐, and MD‐4MG) were measured.

Results

Mean AS‐4MG, AD‐4MG, and MD‐4MG were 1.12, 1.13, and 1.14 m/s, respectively, with a strong correlation (r = 0.94) and no systematic bias observed between AS‐4MG and the referent AD‐4MG. In the analyses of repeated gait measurements, coefficients of repeatability were <0.20 m/s for the automated tests (0.16 and 0.18 m/s for AS‐4MG and AD‐4MG, respectively) but not for MD‐4MG (0.22 m/s). Correlations between gait speed and functional measures ranged between 0.44 and 0.68 (Ps < 0.01). Correlations for the automated tests were comparable, while AS‐4MG correlations tended to exceed MD‐4MG correlations.

Conclusions

In community‐dwelling adults, the AS‐4MG test was unbiased when compared with the AD‐4MG, encompassing a 9‐m walkway, with both tests showing equivalence of measurement repeatability and predictive validity. The AS‐4MG potentially allows gait measurements in confined spaces (e.g., doctor's office) where the gait speed test was previously unfeasible. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; ••: ••–••.
Comparative analysis of product and network supply chain resilience
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry
Published: January 2025

Supply chain resilience has been extensively investigated at the network and firm levels. More granular studies at the level of product supply chain resilience are scarce. In this paper, we examine relationships between product supply chain resilience, firm resilience, and network resilience. We simulate supply chains with two products in different settings of structural and process diversity, connectivity, and flexibility. The methodology is based on discrete‐event simulation. The focus of the analysis is on managerial insights. Our main insights show that the resilience of product supply chains depends on the firm and network resilience, and higher firm and network resilience do not always automatically translate into higher resilience at the product level. Managerial implications are discussed and generalized. The outcomes of our study can be used by supply chain and operations managers to improve the resilience of supply chain with consideration of both product and network levels. We contribute to the literature by offering novel insights on the interrelations between firm and network resilience practices and product supply chain resilience.
Planning for the Restoration of Functional Connectivity in Brazil
Authors: Manes Stella , Rocha Diogo S. B. , Oliveira Luiz , Liévano‐Latorre Luisa Fernanda , de Almeida‐Rocha Juliana M. , Capellão Renata , Cordeiro Carlos Leandro , Dib Viviane , Lacerda Eduardo , Latawiec Agnieszka , Niemeyer Julia , Resende Fernando , Loyola Rafael
Published: January 2025

Aim

Land use and land cover (LULC) change is the main driver of biodiversity loss, causing habitat loss and fragmentation that hinders species movement and negatively impacts populations. While habitat fragments are structurally disconnected, functional connectivity can still occur depending on the species' dispersal abilities. Incorporating landscape connectivity into restoration planning helps identify strategic areas significantly enhancing connectivity. Here, we present an unprecedented, nationwide continuous spatial layer representing each restorable pixel's contribution to functional connectivity, using Brazil as a case study.

Location

Brazil.

Methods

We performed a dynamic pixel‐based analysis across each Brazilian biome to assess the potential increases in the Integral Index of Connectivity (IIC) resulting from restoring each restorable pixel in the landscape. For that, we defined hypothetical species with medium, high and very high dispersal abilities and calculated the IIC for the different natural LULC in each biome. Then, we ran a dynamic pixel‐based restoration analysis to assess the contribution of each restorable pixel to functional connectivity.

Results

Our resulting dataset represents the relative contribution of connectivity for each restorable pixel in the landscape, considering all dispersal abilities and LULC in each biome. Since we are assessing the contributions of individual pixels to overall biome landscape connectivity, most values are expectedly low. However, pixels with the highest contributions to connectivity show a stand‐alone contribution biome‐wide and thus were interpreted as priorities for restoration. Notably, we show nested regions as priorities for restoration, with a trend of higher priority rankings (e.g., the top 5% most important regions) being surrounded by subsequent rankings of priorities.

Main Conclusions

Our study is the first to evaluate the impact of restoration planning efforts on functional connectivity across all Brazilian biomes. We identified priority areas for restoration within each Brazilian biome, providing valuable information to guide decision‐making and policy implementation. The innovative pixel‐based analysis used in the study can be replicated in other regions, aiming to make restoration planning more efficient.
Distribution and Protection of Ecological Specialists in Chinese Terrestrial Mammals
Authors: Shuai Ling‐Ying , Benedetti Yanina , Morelli Federico , Gao Zhu‐Cheng , Luo Yu‐Xin , Luo Yue , Zhu Hao , Liu Zhi‐Tao , Liu Wei
Published: January 2025

Aim

Specialist species are characterised as species with a narrow niche and, thus, vulnerable to environmental changes and disturbance. Understanding the distribution of specialists is important for developing proactive conservation strategies. Although China is among the countries with the highest diversity of mammals, no previous studies have explored the distribution and conservation status of specialists in Chinese mammals.

Location

China.

Time Period

Present day.

Taxa Studied

Chinese terrestrial mammals.

Methods

We assessed the distribution of three types of specialisation in Chinese terrestrial mammals: diet specialist, habitat specialist and extreme specialist (i.e., species that are both diet and habitat specialist). We adopted generalised linear models to test whether some landscape‐level factors explain the variation of each type of specialisation richness. Gap analyses were conducted to assess the conservation status of the specialists identified.

Results

From a total of 621 mammal species, 327 species were identified as specialists, including 237, 137 and 48 species categorised as diet specialists, habitat specialists and extreme specialists respectively. The mountains in southwest China have the highest diversity of specialised terrestrial mammals in China, regardless of the type of specialisation. After controlling for the effect of overall species richness, other hotspots held more specialist species than expected from the overall species richness (e.g., the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau, the Junggar Basin, Liaoning and Guangdong). High‐altitude areas tended to possess more diet and habitat specialist species. Elevation range and habitat diversity were positively related to diet specialist richness but negatively related to habitat specialist richness. Only 42 (12.84%) of the 327 specialist species were adequately covered by the current protected areas.

Main Conclusions

We have identified multiple hotspots of ecological specialisation in terrestrial mammals in China. The role of landscape factors in shaping specialist richness was inconsistent among different types of specialisation. We also found a serious spatial mismatch between specialisation and current conservation efforts.
Nurses' Alarm Fatigue Levels in Adult Intensive Care Units and Their Strategies to Reduce Fatigue: A Convergent Parallel Design
Authors: Uçak Ayşe , Cebeci Fatma , Tat Çatal Arzu
Published: January 2025

Background

Alarm fatigue is a challenge for nurses and patients. Also, feasible strategies to reduce/manage alarm fatigue are still unclear.

Aim

This study aimed to identify adult intensive care nurses' alarm fatigue levels and strategies to reduce alarm fatigue.

Design

A convergent parallel design was employed.

Method

The study was conducted between January and June 2022 in adult intensive care units of a university hospital, with 67 nurses in the quantitative phase and 14 in the qualitative phase. Quantitative data were collected using a personal information form, the Satisfaction Visual Analog Scale and the Nurses' Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected using a semi‐structured interview form. Descriptive analyses, Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis and Multiple Linear Regression analysis were used to evaluate quantitative data. The inductive content analysis method was utilised to evaluate qualitative data. The STROBE and COREQ checklists were employed to report the study.

Results

In the quantitative phase, increased intensive care unit working hours, available alarm management support for managing alarms, and increased satisfaction level were negatively associated with alarm fatigue. Three main themes (“building an alarm management culture”, “safe care environment” and “improving the features of alarm equipment/devices”) and 10 sub‐themes were elicited from interview data about the reduction of alarm fatigue.

Conclusions

In the study, adult intensive care nurses' alarm fatigue levels and strategies to reduce fatigue were revealed. These strategies should be applied to reduce alarm fatigue in intensive care units.

Implications for Practice

Healthcare providers should develop and implement proactive strategies through effective organisational management to prevent and reduce alarm fatigue so that an alarm management culture can be built, employee satisfaction can be increased, a safe care environment can be provided, and the features of alarm devices can be improved.

Reporting Method

The study was reported in accordance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) and Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklists.

Patient Contributions

No patient or public contribution.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05163340
Nurse‐Led/Involved Home‐Based Interventions for Older Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Mixed‐Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Sturm Lucillie Silahis , Jeong Sarah Yeun‐Sim , Giles Michelle
Published: January 2025

Aims

To determine the effectiveness of nurse‐led/involved home‐based interventions for older people with COPD and to explore the experiences of older people and nurses with the interventions.

Design

A mixed‐methods systematic review following the JBI methodology for mixed‐methods systematic reviews.

Data Sources

The search included relevant and peer‐reviewed studies published from January 2010 to December 2023 in CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, EMBASE, JBI, EMCARE and ProQuest.

Review Methods

English‐language reports of nurse‐led/involved home‐based interventions for people with COPD were included based on authors’ consensus. Three reviewers performed independent quality appraisal using JBI tools. A convergent segregated approach was used for data synthesis and integration.

Results

Seven interventions were identified in two mixed‐methods, two qualitative, two quasi‐experimental studies, and one secondary analysis from a randomised control trial. The effectiveness of the interventions was measured with various outcomes and was effective to some extent, with reduced hospitalisation, hospitalisation days, hospitalisation cost and all‐paid claims. However, the outcomes were not statistically significant, and the effectiveness was inconclusive. While patients appreciated support and resources, some perceived them as a double‐edged sword.

Conclusions

Patients preferred more holistic interventions over extended periods. The inconclusive findings and limitations warrant further research with larger sample sizes and comparable measurement tools and outcomes.

Impact

This is the first mixed‐methods systematic review on the effectiveness of home interventions for people with COPD with a clear definition of ‘nurse‐led’. Nurses felt highly valued by patients and other health professionals; however, they reported a lack of support from management. The lack of interventions led by nurses challenges them to lead, deliver and evaluate what matters to people with COPD.

Reporting Method

This systematic review was reported in accordance with the Referred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

Not applicable.
Framing Person‐Centred Leadership in Residential Care: A Cross‐Cultural Adaptation of the Aged‐Care Clinical Leadership Qualities Framework
Authors: Backman Annica , Sundström Malin , Jeon Yun‐Hee , Edberg Anna‐Karin
Published: January 2025

Aim

To cross‐culturally adapt a framework for person‐centred leadership in residential care for older people in Sweden.

Design

This study has an exploratory and descriptive design.

Methods

The translation procedure followed a cyclic process of translation into Swedish and back‐translation into English by two independent bilingual linguists. An evaluation of conceptual and semantic equivalence and comprehensiveness between the original English version and the translated Swedish version was performed by an expert committee. The translated version of the framework was validated by leaders (n = 34) in residential care, who assessed its relevance through a web form. The adaptation of the framework followed recommended guidelines for cross‐cultural adaptation.

Results

The translation procedure resulted in two minor changes related to the wording in two descriptors. The results of the validation procedure showed that the framework is relevant for leaders in Swedish residential care for older people.

Conclusion

The cross‐culturally adapted framework is useful and suitable for leaders in Swedish residential care for older people. The framework clarifies the leader's role and identifies leadership attributes and requirements for person‐centred leadership in residential care, thereby providing support to leaders by framing person‐centred leadership.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The framework can be used as a guide for leadership training and/or development initiatives in residential care. It can be further extended to nursing curriculums, leadership development programs, and organisational performance and development processes. It may also provide a foundation for policy and guidelines by establishing the activities required for leaders to promote person‐centredness in the care of older people.

Reporting Method

This study followed the STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies.

Patient and Public Contribution

There was no patient or public contribution.
Challenges and opportunities in organ donation after circulatory death
Authors: Vidgren Mathias , Delorme Capucine , Oniscu Gabriel C.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, there has been resurgence in donation after circulatory death (DCD). Despite that, the number of organs transplanted from these donors remains low due to concerns about their function and a lack of an objective assessment at the time of donation. This overview examines the current DCD practices and the classification modifications to accommodate regional perspectives. Several risk factors underscore the reluctance to accept DCD organs, and we discuss the modern strategies to mitigate them. The advent of machine perfusion technology has revolutionized the field of DCD transplantation, leading to improved outcomes and better organ usage. With many strategies at our disposal, there is an urgent need for comparative trials to determine the optimal use of perfusion technologies for each donated organ type. Additional progress in defining therapeutic strategies to repair the damage sustained during the dying process should further improve DCD organ utilization and outcomes. However, there remains wide variability in access to DCD donation and transplantation, and organizational efforts should be doubled up with consensus on key ethical issues that still surround DCD donation in the era of machine perfusion.
Long‐term development in job crafting in employees with and without mental health issues during COVID‐19: The role of job resources
Authors: Lehmann Anja I. , Kerksieck Philipp , Bauer Georg F.
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate long‐term development in job crafting during the COVID‐19 pandemic among employees with and without mental health issues (MHI). Furthermore, this study aimed to explore the role of job resources regarding these changes. We have analysed longitudinal panel data of six waves between 2019 (applied as pre‐pandemic baseline) and 2022 from employees in Switzerland, Germany and Austria. Hierarchical linear modelling showed change differences in job crafting: employees with MHI experienced a higher decrease in job crafting during the COVID‐19 pandemic compared with employees without MHI. When investigating the specific crafting dimensions, we found that there was a group difference only for crafting for structural resources, but not for crafting for social resources. Moreover, job resources buffered the decrease in job crafting among employees with MHI. Particularly, social support buffered the decrease in crafting for social resources and role clarity buffered the decrease in crafting for structural resources. These results suggest that in times of crisis, strengthening job resources can help employees with MHI maintain their job crafting behaviour.
Identifying High‐Risk Patients for Paediatric Unplanned Readmissions: Insights From a Western Sydney Hospital
Authors: Wraight Owen , Sadulla Huma , Low Gary , Liu Anthony , Bhurawala Habib
Published: January 2025

Aim

To identify factors and diagnoses associated with unplanned readmission of paediatric patients to a Western Sydney metropolitan hospital.

Method

A retrospective cross‐sectional study on paediatric patients admitted to a non‐tertiary hospital in Western Sydney from January 2017 to December 2022. Multivariate modelling was used to determine demographic factors and diagnoses associated with unplanned readmission.

Results

1334 (6.3%) of 21 262 admissions had an unplanned readmission within 28 days of the initial admission. Being First Nations had an OR of 1.31 (95% CI 1.11–1.54), while each additional day of admission had an OR of 1.05 (95% CI 1.03–1.07). Increasing age had an OR of 0.95 (95% CI 0.93–0.96) per year, and those admitted during the COVID pandemic had an OR of 0.61 (95% CI 0.54–0.69). A diagnosis of diabetes was found to have an OR of 2.36 (95% CI 1.45–3.84) and bronchiolitis an OR of 1.9 (95% CI 1.53–2.36), whereas a diagnosis of injury had an OR of 0.76 (95% CI 0.58–0.99) and otitis media an OR of 0.23 (95% CI 0.11–0.49).

Conclusions

Being First Nations and having a longer length of stay increased the likelihood of unplanned readmission in paediatric patients, while older age and admission during the COVID pandemic decreased the likelihood. A diagnosis of diabetes or bronchiolitis, among others, increased the likelihood of unplanned readmission. Conversely, a diagnosis of injury or otitis media decreased the likelihood of unplanned readmission. This lays the groundwork for further research and targeted interventions to reduce unplanned readmissions and associated costs.
Intellectual property rights as private rights: Implications of the theory of internally limited rights and incentive theory for reconstructing the normative content of rights in intangible goods
Authors: Gliściński Konrad
Published: January 2025

The article examines the normative content and justification of intellectual property rights (IPR), focusing on the question of whether the incentive theory provides a sufficient and appropriate basis for the regulation of intangible goods within the framework of the concept of inherently limited rights. The research method is based on theoretical analysis conducted within the framework of Civil Law Policy. The first part of the article compares two approaches to limiting rights, including exceptions and limitations related to intellectual property. The first approach assumes that rights are restricted only in cases of conflict with other rights. In contrast, the second approach, Marmora's concept of inherently limited rights, posits that rights are subject to both external and internal limitations through prior analysis of costs and benefits (ex ante). Adopting the second approach leads to the conclusion that intellectual property rights should be treated as inherently limited by a system of exceptions and limitations. This perspective supports the principle of the public domain, which holds that exclusive rights are exceptions to the general rule of the widespread availability of intangible goods and must be designed and applied in accordance with the principle of proportionality. The second part of the article critically evaluates the incentive theory as a tool for justification and conducting ex‐ante analysis. This theory is inadequate as a foundation for regulating intangible goods. Firstly, it erroneously assumes that exclusive rights are a causally necessary condition for the creation of works and technological progress. Furthermore, it overlooks the importance of non‐market transactions and the role of the state in the creation of intangible goods, relying instead on the premise that the market is the primary or sole mechanism for social organization. The incentive theory also disregards alternative means of appropriating benefits from intangible goods within market transactions and fails to consider the micro‐ and macroeconomic inefficiencies resulting from granting exclusive rights. From this perspective, the article serves as a critique of the current system of regulating intangible goods through exclusive rights justified by the incentive theory. At the same time, it advocates for the development of a more comprehensive and balanced regulatory model that considers both the interests of creators and societal needs. Particularly promising are regulatory models based on non‐exclusive rights, which, while ensuring remuneration for creators, simultaneously provide broad access to intangible goods for society.
Serial Position Bias Among Experts: Evidence From a Cooking Competition Show
Authors: Reimão Maira Emy , Sabbadini Rachel , Rego Eric
Published: January 2025

The Great British Bake Off is a popular amateur cooking competition show, and its design offers an opportunity for analyzing serial position bias among expert rankings. In this paper, we use the technical challenge portion of the show to assess whether experts—in this case, the judges in the show—are susceptible to primacy or recency effects. We find that expert judges favor the first dish tasted in a blind test and that this pattern holds not only among judges of the British version of the show but also in other English‐speaking versions. We do not find evidence of a recency effect. Our results indicate that expert assessments, regularly used in markets, are vulnerable to bias even when there are no financial incentives.
Iron and copper sulfides in asteroid (162173) Ryugu: Formation conditions and a comparison to the CI and CY chondrites
Authors: Harrison C. S. , King A. J. , Jones R. H. , Russell S. S. , Nakamura T. , Yurimoto H. , Noguchi T. , Okazaki R. , Yabuta H. , Naraoka H. , Sakamoto K. , Tachibana S. , Yada T. , Nishimura M. , Nakato A. , Miyazaki A. , Yogata K. , Abe M. , Okada T. , Usui T. , Yoshikawa M. , Saiki T. , Tanaka S. , Terui F. , Nakazawa S. , Watanabe S. , Tsuda Y.
Published: January 2025

JAXA's Hayabusa2 sample return mission visited the volatile‐rich carbonaceous (C‐type) asteroid (162173) Ryugu with the aim of ground‐truthing remote observations, returning a pristine sample from a C‐type asteroid, and strengthening links between asteroids and the meteorite collection. Here, we have conducted a systematic study of coarse (>10 μm) sulfide grains in Ryugu particles C0025‐01 and C0103‐02, the CI chondrites Orgueil and Ivuna, and the CY chondrites Y‐86029 (Stage III, heated to 500–750°C) and Y‐86720 (Stage IV, >750°C), using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Sulfides are sensitive tracers of secondary alteration conditions, and we find that Ryugu and the CI chondrites share a distinct sulfide assemblage that includes the iron sulfides pyrrhotite and pentlandite, and the copper sulfide cubanite, that equilibrated during periods of low temperature (~25°C) aqueous alteration. Sulfides in the CY chondrites are compositionally distinct from Ryugu and the CI chondrites as a result of post‐hydration heating. However, the occurrence of Cu‐rich sulfides in Ryugu, the CIs, and the CYs suggests a genetic relationship between these samples.
A Systematic Targeted Genetic Screen Identifies Proteins Involved in Cytoadherence of the Malaria Parasite P. falciparum
Authors: Küster Nina , Roling Lena , Ouayoue Ardin , Steeg Katharina , Przyborski Jude M.
Published: January 2025

Immediately after invading their chosen host cell, the mature human erythrocyte, malaria parasites begin to export an array of proteins to this compartment, where they initiate processes that are prerequisite for parasite survival and propagation, including nutrient import and immune evasion. One consequence of these activities is the emergence of novel adhesive phenotypes that can lead directly to pathology in the human host. To identify parasite proteins involved in this process, we used modern genetic tools to target genes encoding 15 exported parasite proteins, selected by an in silico workflow. This resulted in four genetically modified parasite lines that were then characterised in detail. Of these lines, three could be shown to have aberrations in adhesion, and of these one appears to have a block in the transport and/or correct folding of the major surface adhesin PfEMP1 (Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1). Our data expand the known factors involved in this important process and once again highlight the complexity of this phenomenon.
Multi‐omics analysis identified the GmUGT88A1 gene, which coordinately regulates soybean resistance to cyst nematode and isoflavone content
Authors: Jiang Haipeng , Qu Shuo , Liu Fang , Sun Haowen , Li Haiyan , Teng Weili , Zhan Yuhang , Li Yongguang , Han Yingpeng , Zhao Xue
Published: January 2025

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is a major pathogen harmful to soybean all over the world, causing huge yield loss every year. Soybean resistance to SCN is a complex quantitative trait controlled by a small number of major genes (rhg1 and Rhg4) and multiple micro‐effect genes. Therefore, the continuous identification of new resistant lines and genes is needed for the sustainable development of global soybean production. Here, a novel disease‐resistance quantitative trait locus Rscn‐16 was identified and fine mapped to an 8.4‐kb interval on chromosome 16 using an F2 population. According to transcriptome and metabolome analysis, a UDP‐glucosyltransferase encoding gene, GmUGT88A1, was identified as the most likely gene of Rscn‐16. Soybean lines overexpressing GmUGT88A1 exhibited increased resistance to SCN, higher isoflavone glycosides and larger seed size while the phenotype of RNA‐interference and knockout soybean lines showed sensitivity to SCN and decreased in seed size compared to wild‐type plants. GmMYB29 gene could bind to the promoter of GmUGT88A1 and coordinate with GmUGT88A1 to regulate soybean resistance to SCN and isoflavone accumulation. Under SCN infection, GmUGT88A1 participated in the reorientation of isoflavone biosynthetic metabolic flow and the accumulation of isoflavone glycosides, thus protecting soybean from SCN stress. GmUGT88A1 was found to control soybean seed size by affecting transcription abundance of GmSWEET10b and GmFAD3C, which are known to control soybean seed weight. Our findings provide insights into the regulation of SCN resistance, isoflavone content and seed size through metabolic flux redirection, and offer a potential means for soybean improvement.
ICE1 (Inducer of CBF Expression 1) Is Essential for the Jasmonate‐Regulated Development of Stamen in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Yuke , Xu Jinfeng , Xu Man , Yang Yunxiao , Cheng Ying , Shang Zhonglin , Kang Erfang
Published: January 2025

Floral organ development, pollen germination and pollen tube growth are crucial for plant sexual reproduction. Phytohormones maintain these processes by regulating the expression and activity of various transcription factors. ICE1, a MYC‐like bHLH transcription factor, has been revealed to be involved in cold acclimatisation of Arabidopsis. This study shows that ICE1 regulates multiple aspects of sexual reproduction, including stamen development, pollen development and germination. Loss‐of‐function mutants of ICE1 exhibit floral organs with shorter filaments, defective anther dehiscence and lower pollen viability compared to the wild type. These abnormalities result in disrupted fertilisation, leading to short siliques, a high rate of seed abortion, and dark, shriveled mature seeds. JAZ proteins (JAZ1 and JAZ9) interact with ICE1, inhibiting its transcriptional activity on jasmonic acid (JA)‐responsive genes, including MYB21, MYB24 and MYB108. This study highlights the essential role of ICE1 as a signalling agent in the JA‐regulated maintenance of sexual reproduction in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Photobiomodulation therapy in diabetes: Benefits for pain relief, quality of life, and wound healing
Authors: da Silva Oliveira Victória Regina , de Paula Oliveira Inaeh , Alonso‐Matielo Heloísa , Oliveira Victhor Teixeira , Kremer Jean Lucas , Casalverini Milena Cristina Dias , Ribeiro Fernando Quadros , Maria‐Engler Silvya Stuchi , Assis Silvia Romano , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Lotfi Claudimara Ferini Pacicco , Otoch José Pinhata , Dale Camila Squarzoni
Published: January 2025

Globally, 537 million people suffer from diabetes mellitus (DM), a condition often associated with sensory disturbances, wound development, and chronic pain, which significantly affects the quality of life and imposes a substantial economic burden. This study evaluated the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on nociceptive and sensory changes in diabetic patients to understand pain manifestations and explore PBM's molecular mechanisms on wound healing. Twenty patients with type 2 DM underwent clinical assessments, completed pain and quality of life questionnaires, and had their pain sensitivity evaluated using the quantitative sensory test (QST). A 5 mm skin biopsy was taken for fibroblast culture. PBM therapy, using 660 nm red light, was administered twice weekly for 7 weeks on lower limb wounds. Results indicated that DM patients faced significant sensory impairments, impacting their quality of life. PBM therapy improved pain scores, alleviated neuropathic pain, and enhanced sensory function, leading to better quality of life and reduced anxiety and depression. It also accelerated wound healing, enhancing mobility and autonomy. In vitro studies showed PBM therapy increased cell proliferation through the ERK signaling pathway and modulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP‐1/8 and 2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP).
Subsidizing Unprofitable Industries: The Political Determinants of Agro‐Industrial Policy in French Overseas Departments
Authors: Joltreau Thibaut
Published: January 2025

Why do states subsidize unprofitable industries? This paper applies the Programmatic Action Framework and adapts it to neocorporatist settings to uncover the political determinants of industrial policies. Empirically, it explores how a longstanding coalition of economic, administrative and political actors has maintained public funding for the sugarcane agro‐industry in French overseas departments, despite new policy objectives for agricultural diversification and subsidy reallocation. Drawing on extensive archival and interview data, I argue that this tripartite programmatic group has leveraged long‐term institutionalized structures to resist subsidy reform and secure support for sugarcane production. Through coordinated discursive strategies to counter “transformative” policy proposals, and relational tactics to exclude challenging actors from the policy venue, each subgroup of this coalition has preserved its social position and the associated political resources gained from policymaking. These findings suggest that innovative policy reform in such sectors will require new public‐private alliances capable of challenging entrenched programmatic groups.