bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pain Catastrophizing and Functional Activation During Occlusion in TMD Patients—An Interventional Study
Authors: Klepzig K. , Domin M. , Kordass B. , Lotze M.
Published: October 2024

In temporomandibular disorder (TMD), the effects of standard interventions such as using an occlusal splint and its impact on pain relief and pain catastrophizing are poorly understood. Earlier work pointed to a crucial role of insula activation with changes in pain relief by occlusal splint treatment. We performed a functional imaging study using specially developed splint systems to allow for a placebo‐controlled longitudinal design. Using functional MRI we examined 20 TMD patients during repetitive occlusal movements at baseline and over the course of splint therapy and also collected self‐reported pain catastrophizing. For balancing performance between baseline and after intervention we used occlusion force measures in an individualized fMRI‐splint system. Splint therapy lasted for approximately 7 weeks with one group selected by randomization wearing a palatine placebo splint over the first 3 weeks (delayed start; 11 individuals). As expected, fMRI activation in areas involved in pain processing (insula, primary and secondary somatosensory cortex) decreased with intervention. At baseline a positive correlation between activation of the left anterior insula and pain catastrophizing was present. Both parameters decreased over intervention while associations were primarily observable for patients with rather mild TMD.
The purpose of directors' duties in the insolvency context: A critical assessment based on empirical data from Austria and Netherlands
Authors: Pool Jessie , Wabl Georg
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the evolving discussions on directors’ duties in the insolvency context within the EU, particularly in light of recent harmonisation initiatives such as the 2019 Directive on Restructuring and Insolvency and the 2022 Proposal mandating a duty to file for insolvency. Using empirical data from Austria—a jurisdiction with a duty to file—and the Netherlands, which lacks this duty, the study investigates the potential impact and practicality of such requirements. Findings reveal that while Austria and the Netherlands have different frameworks, similar issues in enforcement and compliance emerge in both. These results suggest that imposing stricter or more explicit norms on directors across the EU may not effectively achieve policy goals, especially if financial constraints on enforcement remain unaddressed. We advocate for a policy approach that focuses on practical outcomes and enforcement capacity.
Maternal serum Numb in the first trimester of pregnancy as a biomarker for early prediction of pre‐eclampsia: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Jiang Ying , Chen Xiaofeng , Li Shaoxing , Huang Chaolin , Cheng Xuehua
Published: October 2024

Objective

Early identification of women at risk of developing pre‐eclampsia is beneficial as it allows for timely intervention strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of serum Numb in the first trimester as a biomarker for early prediction of pre‐eclampsia.

Methods

This prospective observational cohort study was carried out at a tertiary teaching hospital between January 2021 and December 2022. A total of 1024 women were recruited during their 8–13 weeks of pregnancy and were followed up until delivery. Serum Numb levels were measured during 8–13 weeks of gestation for all participants. At the same time, the participants' anthropometric, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the potential association between serum Numb levels and the risk of pre‐eclampsia. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs) and area under the curves (AUCs) were utilized to evaluate the predictive efficacy of serum Numb levels for pre‐eclampsia in the first trimester.

Results

Serum Numb levels were found to be significantly higher in pregnant women who developed pre‐eclampsia compared to those who did not develop pre‐eclampsia. Increased serum Numb levels were identified as an independent risk factor for pre‐eclampsia, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.27 (95% CI: 2.05–4.53) for the risk of pre‐eclampsia. Numb levels showed a significant positive correlation with the risk of pre‐eclampsia. Furthermore, Numb levels demonstrated a strong predictive efficacy for pre‐eclampsia in the first trimester of pregnancy, with an AUC value of 0.86, a cutoff value of 48.73 ng/mL, a sensitivity of 79.24%, and a specificity of 75.73%.

Conclusion

Serum Numb in the first trimester of pregnancy can serve as a biomarker for the early prediction of pre‐eclampsia. This provides a valuable approach in clinical practice to identify pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy, who are at a higher risk of developing pre‐eclampsia.
SIRT2 deacetylates and decreases the expression of FOXM1 in colon cancer
Authors: Yildiz Baris , Demirel Ramazan , Staudacher Jonas J. , Beseren Hatice , Yildiz Gulden , Akpinar Ali Emre , Park Seong‐Hoon , Ozden Ozkan
Published: October 2024

New FOXM1‐specific inhibitors with the potential to be used for therapeutic purposes are under extensive research. We hypothesized that deacetylation of FOXM1 would decrease protein expression, thus providing novel therapeutic management of colon cancers. Immunostaining was used to determine FOXM1 and SIRT2 expressions in human colon cancer tissue microarrays (n = 90) from Stage I to Stage IV. SIRT2‐FOXM1 interaction was evaluated in colon cancer cells using immunoprecipitation. Deacetylation of FOXM1 via SIRT2 was determined using in vitro deacetylation assays. FOXM1 could be hyper‐acetylated when p300 and pCAF histone acetyltransferases were administered alongside deacetylase inhibitors. We detected that SIRT2 and FOXM1 physically interacted, and SIRT2 deacetylated FOXM1 in vitro. SIRT2 overexpression led to a significant decrease while knockdown of SIRT2 increased the FOXM1 expression in HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells. In the analysis of 90 human colorectal cancer samples, high SIRT2 expression was observed in about 49% of colorectal cancer, intermediate in 29%, and low or no staining in 22%. Strong SIRT2 expression was found to be negatively associated with the FOXM1 staining in our clinical cohort. This study reveals a molecular interaction and association between SIRT2 and FOXM1 expression in colon cancer cell lines and human colon cancer samples, and suggests that targeting SIRT2 activity using small molecule modulators may be a promising therapeutic approach for colorectal cancer.
An evaluation of a virtual musculoskeletal podiatry service implemented to address prolonged National Health Service waiting times
Authors: Brunilda Agalliu , Thanaporn Tunprasert , Tom Walton , Liam McManus
Published: October 2024

Background

The COVID‐19 pandemic had a substantial impact on healthcare systems globally, particularly in the public sector. To address the challenges posed by the pandemic, musculoskeletal (MSK) healthcare providers had to rapidly adopt virtual platforms for delivering care, representing a major shift in how healthcare was delivered.

Objective

This manuscript aims to retrospectively evaluate a virtual MSK podiatry service offered by a private provider under a National Health Service commission, in terms of patient access, waiting times and patient‐reported pain. This service was developed and implemented in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic and the extended waiting times.

Methods

A retrospective clinical service evaluation was conducted on MSK podiatry services delivered via telephone or virtual consultations. The evaluation covered a cohort of 574 referred patients over a 19‐month period (July 2021 to January 2023). It analysed demographic data, initial and final visual analogue pain scores, pathology categories, orthoses prescriptions and exercise rehabilitation plans.

Results

Data from a total of 492 patients (male = 152 and female = 340) were analysed, with 82 patients excluded for non‐attendance. The average waiting time from referral‐to‐first appointment and referral‐to‐discharge was 35 and 91 days, respectively. Results showed statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001) in the mean visual analogue scale when patients received orthoses with and without a rehabilitation plan (4.12 ± 2.55 and 3.33 ± 2.88, respectively). Most patients (61.5%) were aged 40–69, with “foot pain” being the main reported pathology category. Patients had an average of two appointments. 56.5% of patients remained virtual throughout their journey and were successfully discharged to self‐management. 43.9% were discharged to other face‐to face services.

Conclusions

The study provided evidence that the virtual MSK podiatry service achieved a statistically significant reduction in patient‐reported pain for various pathologies with reasonable waiting times. The service delivered favourable outcomes and complemented traditional services at a time with limited access due to the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Contested role boundaries and professional title: Implications of the independent review of podiatric surgery in Australia
Authors: Borthwick Alan M. , Nancarrow Susan , Bristow Ivan , Bowen Catherine
Published: October 2024

Introduction

In October 2023, the Podiatry Board of Australia commissioned an independent review of the regulation of podiatric surgery in Australia, with a remit to re‐evaluate the regulatory framework, identify any risks to patient safety and recommend improvements to public protection. It reported in March 2024 and set out 14 key recommendations. The review was prompted by a number of complaints about podiatric surgeons but also reflected calls for reform by the medical profession and several critical media reports. This paper sets out to examine the review report, alongside the concerns of the medical profession and the media articles expressed within it, through the lens of an established sociological framework focused on interprofessional conflict and the contested use of professional titles.

Methods

As a review rather than the research paper, the Independent Review of Podiatric Surgery (the ‘Paterson Report’) served as data for the sociological analysis, adopting a Neo‐Weberian and Bordieuan framework to examine the strategies adopted by the medical profession and media reports cited in the report, consistent with the exercise of professional power.

Results

The sociological analysis provides insights into the ways in which professions seek to maintain symbolic, social, cultural and economic privileges and rewards through the exclusion of competitors, using strategies such as social closure, symbolic violence, symbolic devaluation, gatekeeper roles, and jurisdictional disputes.

Conclusions

The review report acknowledges the influence of the medical profession and its opposition to the practice of podiatric surgery and use of the title ‘podiatric surgeon’. The arguments made and strategies deployed are consistent with those found in the wider literature. In light of these findings, the implications for the future of podiatric surgery are considered in terms of professional practice, use of professional title, and access to public funding.
An overview of the risk factors for producing fifth metatarsal fracture in sports activities: A systematic review
Authors: Ortiz‐Lango Luis Angel , Miguel‐Andrés Israel , López‐López Daniel , Mayagoitiza‐Vázquez José de Jesús , Becerro‐de‐Bengoa‐Vallejo Ricardo , Losa‐Iglesias Marta , Gómez‐Salgado Juan , Saavedra‐García Miguel Ángel
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The fifth metatarsal fracture is a foot injury that occurs in sports activities. This fracture has been associated with risk factors based on intrinsic variables such as type of feet (flatfoot or cavus foot), foot pathologies, and bone density among others. Extrinsic variables associated with fifth metatarsal fractures include sports maneuvers, the type of sports practice, and contact surface. Although this injury has been investigated over the years, there is no consensus on the most relevant risk factors that cause this injury. An increase in the number of people with fractures makes it a relevant topic of research. The objective of this review was to identify an overview of the risk factors for producing the fifth metatarsal fracture based on intrinsic and extrinsic variables in sports activities. Furthermore, this review aimed to clarify what is known and what is needed on the risk factors that can influence the appearance of the fracture.

Methods

A search in electronic databases, such as Scopus (n = 87), PubMed (n = 187), and Web of Science (n = 173) was conducted. The initial search yielded 447 titles and abstracts, from which 31 papers were selected for detailed analysis after screening all citations against the eligibility criteria.

Results

After screening the manuscripts, it was found that the fifth metatarsal fracture can be produced by multiple factors. However, most of the studies focus on one or two specific risk factors. It was found that soccer (38.7%) is the sports activity that presents a higher risk of getting a fifth metatarsal fracture compared to other sports activities. The second risk factor was the performance of critical maneuvers (22.5%) and the third one was the biomechanics of the foot (22.5%).

Conclusion

It is paramount to identify the most critical risk factors linked to the fifth metatarsal fracture to be able to implement effective treatments and prevention strategies.
3D‐printed custom ankle braces for people with Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease: A pilot study
Authors: Philps Adam , Frecklington Mike , Stewart Sarah
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) is a neurodegenerative condition resulting in footdrop, ankle instability and impaired balance and gait. This study aimed to determine (1) whether 3D‐printed custom ankle braces improve function and balance in people with CMT and (2) whether this is an acceptable device for use in this population.

Methods

A within‐subject comparison pragmatic/pilot study was undertaken. Ten people with CMT (mean [SD] age 48 [14] years, 60% male) were fitted with 3D‐printed ankle braces. Following a 4‐week wear‐in period, walking and balance tests and patient‐reported outcomes were assessed in two experimental conditions: (i) usual shoes and (ii) usual shoes with 3D‐printed custom ankle braces. Differences in outcome measures between experimental conditions were analysed using linear mixed models. Comfort, aesthetics and overall satisfaction of the brace were assessed via 100‐mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Adverse events and tripping/falls associated with the brace during the wear‐in period were also recorded by participants using daily diaries.

Results

A significant improvement was seen during single‐leg balance with eyes open (p = 0.026, Cohen's d = 0.55) and a significant reduction in foot pain (p = 0.045, Cohen's d = 0.82), with use of the ankle brace. Mean (SD) 100 mm VAS scores were 62.7 mm (17.9) for overall comfort and 73.9 mm (21.2) for overall satisfaction. Subjective data from the daily dairies showed that one participant found the brace too firm around the ankle due to loss of soft tissue mass and two participants found it challenging to don and doff the brace due to loss of hand dexterity.

Conclusion

This pilot study suggests that a 3D‐printed custom ankle brace may improve balance and reduce foot pain in people with CMT; however, larger‐scale trials are needed to further explore the impact of this brace on function and balance. Further customisation of the brace may also be required to improve acceptability for some people.
Hyperostosis in Fishes: An Update With New Species Records
Authors: Smith‐Vaniz William F. , Klein Julia , Ahnelt Harald
Published: October 2024

Literature reports of hyperostosis are often misleading and have been confused with osteomas, a pathological condition. Hyperostotic bones are known to occur only in bony fishes of the class Actinopterygii, within at least 16 orders, 35 families, 89 genera, and 153 species. They are present almost exclusively in marine fishes and exceptionally in a few extinct freshwater species known from hypersaline environments and one extant cichlid. Hyperostosis is best represented in the family Carangidae where it is known to occur in 53 of approximately 181 valid species. We also provide a synthetic report on what we know and what misconceptions exist regarding hyperostosis. Patterns of hyperostosis are often species‐specific but provide no useful phylogenetic information. In species known to develop hyperostosis, it is usually not apparent (non‐histologically) in juveniles and typically only becomes fully developed in the largest individuals. The timing of hyperostosis on‐set in different bones is often sequential rather than simultaneous across different bones. Most marine Neoteleostei have acellular skeletons but histological observations have shown that in species exhibiting hyperostosis, areas of active remodeling are composed primarily of cellular bone characterized by a rich vascular network and bone‐resorbing osteoclasts.
Investigation of the detergency properties of mixtures of biocides and nonionic surfactants using a new simplified hard surface cleaning method
Authors: Yavrukova Veronika , Cooban Emma , Blanco Isabel , Pambou Elias , Marinova Krastanka , Petkov Jordan
Published: October 2024

The present study explores the cleaning efficacy of a set of nonionic surfactants (linear ethoxylated alcohol, secondary ethoxylated alcohols with 5, 7, and 9 ethoxy groups, glycoside surfactants, polyglycerol surfactants, and an ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate) combined with cationic biocides—alkyl quaternary ammonium salts. A simple hard surface cleaning methodology was applied, which was shown to discriminate well between poor and good cleaning formulations. In addition to cleaning efficacy, surface aesthetics such as gloss and haze were evaluated together to assess surface streaking caused by a residual surfactant layer. The haziness determination turned out to be the key feature revealing the complex cleaning performance of multi‐component products.
Eye‐tracking study on the impact of ‘EU organic’ and ‘sustainable irrigation’ logos on consumer acceptance of olive oil
Authors: Delpozo Bárbara , Pons‐Gómez Ana , Besada Cristina
Published: October 2024

Background

This study investigates to what extent the presence of the EU organic (EU‑O) logo and a sustainable irrigation (SI) logo on extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) labels affects (i) consumers expectations and purchase intention based on label information and (ii) acceptance of olive oil when tasted under informed versus blind conditions. A panel of 94 consumers took part in the study. Attention paid to label components during the task designed to evaluate the logos’ effect on expectations was recorded by means of an eye‐tracker.

Results

Compared with the control (without logos), the presence of EU‑O and SI logos on the EVOO label significantly influenced participants' associations (i.e. price, sustainability, consumption occasions, etc.). A halo effect was detected, so that both logos led consumers to anticipate higher expected liking compared with the control. A synergic effect between both logos was detected. Eye‐tracker data revealed that participants whose liking expectations were improved by the EU‑O logo paid more attention to it than those whose expectations did not improve. This relation between attention and expectation improvement was not observed with the SI logo, likely because participants were unfamiliar with it. Beyond expectations, the presence of logos on labels significantly increased the liking scores given by the participants when EVOOs were tasted, which resulted in a higher percentage of participants’ willingness to purchase.

Conclusion

Consumers perceived added value for the sustainable labeled food, which positively affected their liking and purchase intentions. This may encourage food production companies to adopt more sustainable practices. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ergonomics in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Garg Neha , Xu Vivian , Mandloi Shreya , Kumar Ayan , Chandna Megha , Tekumalla Sruti , McCann Adam , Krein Howard , Heffelfinger Ryan
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Surgeons experience a risk for physical strain and injury secondary to physical demands in the workplace. To minimize injury and maximize career longevity, physicians should be aware of ergonomics pitfalls and postural correction methods. This study investigates ergonomic trends in Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (FPRS) clinic by quantifying surgeons' and trainees' cervicothoracic spine posture.

Methods

Participants completed a 22‐item questionnaire to evaluate current ergonomic practices. A lightweight device was calibrated and attached to the mid‐scapular region of participants, providing real‐time posture feedback. The percentage of time in upright posture was recorded during clinical and operative workdays. Upright posture was defined as neutral spine positioning with acceptable mild to moderate deviations.

Results

Two FPRS attending surgeons, 1 FPRS fellow, and 11 otolaryngology residents participated over 12 months. Discomfort was most commonly reported in the neck, shoulders, and upper back during clinic. Symptoms were self‐treated by changing body position, wearing specialized footwear, adjusting height of the chair or examination table, or ignoring discomfort. Eighty‐two percent were unaware of ergonomic guidelines or appropriate considerations. Time spent in upright posture was significantly higher in clinic (84.9%) than in the OR (53.5%) (p < 0.001). Upright posture declined after reaching 6 work hours (p = 0.029); no such patterns were observed in the OR (p = 0.946).

Conclusion

Although time spent in upright posture was objectively poorer in the OR, these data suggest ergonomics are an important consideration in the outpatient setting, with surgeons experiencing discomfort during and after clinic. Further investigation is warranted to identify actionable changes and promote healthy ergonomics.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 2024
Response of Runoff, Sediment Yield, and Runoff‐Related Dissolved Organic Carbon Loss to Variable Straw Mulching Rates on Sloping Lands of Regosols
Authors: Liang Ke , Li Tianyang , Zhang Yaoyue , Zhang Haixiang , He Binghui
Published: October 2024

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), an organic carbon fraction with high activeness and mobility, migrated by runoff is a key part in carbon cycle. A rational straw mulching rate can be regulated to obtain maximum benefits while controlling runoff and sediment yield on sloping lands. However, little remains known about the optimal straw mulching rates required for effectively reducing the loss of DOC in runoff. Therefore, to overcome the existing limitations, this study investigated the effects of modified maize straw mulching rates on the loss of DOC during runoff, utilizing indoor rainfall simulation. Five mulching rates, including 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 kg m−2 [control (CK) and treatments (T1, T2, T3, and T4), respectively], were tested in combination with three slope gradients (10°, 15°, and 20°) to evaluate how straw mulching rate influences runoff, sediment yield, and runoff‐related DOC loss under a heavy rainfall intensity of 90 mm h−1. Our results showed that various straw mulching rates did not significantly differ runoff rates; however, straw mulching significantly reduced sediment concentration and yield. Moreover, the reduction in sediment yield increased with an increase in mulching rate. Compared to the CK, T1 resulted in a 63% increase in DOC loss at a slope of 20°. Additionally, T2 caused an 8% and 7.2% increase in DOC loss at both 10° and 15° slopes. Conversely, T3 and T4 reduced DOC loss by 54.1%–80.8% and 51.1%–65.2%, respectively, across all slope gradients. These results suggested that mulching rates of 0.2–0.4 kg m−2 may potentially increase DOC loss in runoff on the sloping lands. Our results hold significant importance in optimizing the use of straw mulching for sustainable management practices in agricultural lands.
A Phenomenological Qualitative Study Protocol and Semi‐Structured Interview Guide Development to Identify Perceptions, Experiences, Facilitators and Inhibitors in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Undergoing Rehabilitation in a Low‐ and Middle‐Income Country
Authors: Bathran Chandra , Samuel Asir John
Published: October 2024

Background

Perceptions, experiences, facilitators, and inhibitors of disease among patients may be shaped by their lifestyle and cultural background. Despite the significance of understanding their perspectives and experiences about disease for the prevention and management of osteoarthritis (OA) through physiotherapy, this subject has not been explored among patients with knee OA (PKOA) from lower and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Purpose

This study aims to explore the perception, and experiences of knee OA and physiotherapy treatment and identify the facilitators and inhibitors of physiotherapy treatment in PKOA from a lower‐ and middle‐income country, India.

Method

40 PKOA (n = 10 in each Kellgren and Lawrence grade) will be recruited using a purposive sampling technique. Data will be collected through semi‐structured interviews which are composed of pre‐determined open‐ended questions. Based on patients' flexibility and feasibility, the interview will be conducted face‐to‐face or by telephone or videoconference. The interview will be recorded using a digital audio recorder. Recorded data will be transcribed verbatim. Data will be analysed using thematic analysis based on the Braun and Clark approach.

Results

The verbatim transcript will be evaluated to identify sub‐themes and themes through thematic analysis. Generated data will be investigated through inductive qualitative analysis to examine the viewpoints of PKOA.

Conclusion

This study will explore the patients' perspectives, experiences, and the factors which will facilitate and inhibit the physiotherapy treatment for knee osteoarthritis. The result might reveal a new way to promote insightful decision‐making towards physiotherapy care for PKOA and help to improve their access to physiotherapy care.
Arsenic in Rice: A Call to Change Feeding Substitution Practices for Pediatric Otolaryngology Patients
Authors: De Jong Russell W. , Andren Kristofer G. , Reeves Patrick T. , Bowe Sarah N.
Published: October 2024

Rice products are ubiquitous in the diets of American children and are often utilized to thicken feeds as part of treatments for gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants. However, a 2015 Food and Drug Administration investigation demonstrated that they contain unsafe levels of inorganic arsenic. Inorganic arsenic exposure has been linked to serious health issues including skin, lung, and bladder cancer. Smaller children are put at higher risk due to the increased arsenic‐to‐weight ratio compared to adults, threatening their development in multiple ways. Other thickeners offer cost‐effective, safer alternatives. With this communication, we aim to raise awareness of this issue within the otolaryngology practice thereby bringing us abreast of the best practices of the pediatric and gastrointestinal medical societies who have recommended against the use of rice for thickening feeds, instead advocating for alternate natural thickening agents like wheat or oatmeal.
Exploring the potential of waste carbon fiber reinforced epoxy for high‐performance electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Pu Zhilong , Zhang Chunming , Wang Fujie , Kang Peiling , Yang Shuangqiao
Published: October 2024

The waste carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (WFRE) is difficult to recycle and high‐value reuse due to its irreversible cross‐linked structure. Currently, many recycling methods are flawed, rendering effective recycling unattainable and resulting in the waste of high‐value carbon fibers and increased environmental pollution. In this study, the production of high‐aspect‐ratio carbon fiber powder from WFRE was achieved through the application of solid‐state shear milling technology. The prepared EP/WFRE/CNT composites exhibited commendable mechanical properties and good electromagnetic interference (EMI SE) shielding efficiency, owing to the excellent dispersion and interfacial adhesion. The EMI SE value of EP/WFRE/CNT composites reached 21.9 dB, meeting the basic demand in the civil field. The flexural modulus of EP/WFRE/CNT composites reached 5914 MPa with the incorporation of 5 wt.% CNT. Moreover, the storage modulus of composite at 40°C increased from 2299 MPa for neat epoxy to 3006 MPa for composites. This research proposes a novel application of WFRE as good mechanical performance material for electromagnetic interference shielding, demonstrating the potential for commercial‐scale applications.

Highlights

Solid‐state shear milling can effectively peel epoxy resin.

Solid‐state shear milling can preserve the high aspect ratio of carbon fiber.

EP/WFRE/CNT has a flexural modulus of up to 5914.8 MPa.

EP/WFRE/CNT has EMI SE that reaches 21.9 dB.

CNT and carbon fiber synergistically formed conductive network.
An effective strategy for the continuous fabrication of melt‐spun sea‐island bicomponent fibers with structural regulation via stretching
Authors: Yu Yan , Chen Ziye , Zhang Zhihao , Jia Guosheng , He Yujing , Hu Zexu , Xiang Hengxue , Zhu Liping , Zhu Meifang
Published: October 2024

Controlling viscosity in bicomponent melt spinning is crucial for ensuring spinnability and interfacial stability. However, the significant difference in viscosity between PPS and CoPET poses a challenge to establishing the CoPET‐PPS sea‐island melt spinning system. Herein, the viscosity of PPS is regulated by blending high melt index PPS with spinning grade PPS, resulting in a viscosity ratio of CoPET to PPS over 0.5, thereby demonstrating the good spinnability of the CoPET‐PPS spinning system. The mathematical models for velocity, shear rate, and pressure distribution of CoPET‐PPS melts within the sea‐island spinning assembly are developed using Polyflow software, providing theoretical analysis for sea‐island melt spinning. CoPET‐PPS sea‐island bicomponent fibers are successfully fabricated via the facile bicomponent melt spinning technique, guided by the results of capillary rheology and simulation analysis. In addition, the condensed state structure and mechanical properties of CoPET‐PPS sea‐island fibers are significantly enhanced with increasing draw ratios. This straightforward strategy, combined with experimental and numerical simulations, is anticipated to effectively improve the spinnability of multicomponent melt spinning, especially in cases of significant viscosity differences between polymers.

Highlights

The CoPET‐PPS spinning system was constructed by regulating PPS viscosity.

The distribution of the CoPET‐PPS melt in the spinneret holes was simulated.

CoPET‐PPS fibers were fabricated based on rheology and simulation results.

The mechanical properties of CoPET‐PPS fibers improve with higher draw ratios.
Use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of severe COVID‐19: A case–control study in United States Medicare beneficiaries
Authors: Mosholder Andrew D. , Izurieta Hector S. , Zhang Rongmei , Shangguan Shanlai , Lu Yun , Akhtar Sandia , Wernecke Michael , He Jiwei , Chillarige Yoganand , Feng Yuhui , Avagyan Armen , Leishear Kira , Forshee Richard A. , MaCurdy Thomas E. , Kelman Jeffrey A. , Graham David J.
Published: October 2024

Background

Concerns have been raised regarding proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Observational studies have yielded heterogeneous results and were subject to important methodological limitations.

Aims

To examine the association between the receipt of PPIs and risk of COVID‐19 hospitalizations and severe in‐hospital outcomes or death.

Methods

Case–control study among Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries 66+ years old with gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD). Within this population, we identified cases by an incident hospital discharge diagnosis of COVID‐19 from April 1 to December 11, 2020, using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10‐CM) U07.1, and randomly selected up to 10 controls per case, matched on date and neighborhood. We defined PPI use as a prescription providing ≥15 days of supply in the 30 days before admission, with H2‐receptor antagonist (H2RA) use as the reference to account for indication. We analyzed uncomplicated hospitalizations and hospitalizations with severe outcomes (intensive/coronary care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, or death), estimating odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with multinomial conditional logistic regression adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, chronic medications, and health care utilization.

Results

We matched 25,867 uncomplicated and 12,954 severe hospitalized COVID‐19 cases to 146,972 and 73,104 controls, respectively. Cases tended to be older and have more comorbidities. Relative to H2RA use, we found no association of PPI use with uncomplicated COVID‐19 hospitalization (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.93–1.06) or severe COVID‐19 hospitalization (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.91–1.10).

Conclusions

Relative to H2RA use, PPI use was not associated with uncomplicated or severe COVID‐19 hospitalizations among Medicare beneficiaries with GERD.
Psychometric characteristics of the decision‐making ability scale among high school students
Authors: Nehass Brahim , Ismaili Jalal , Merzaq Ghizlane , Kiouach Abdelmounim , Bounaissat Abderrahim , Zarhbouch Benaissa
Published: October 2024

The process of decision‐making is a multifaceted cognitive endeavor encompassing various cognitive, emotional, psychological, and social processes. It empowers individuals to select from a range of alternatives. Its significance spans across age groups, impacting both adults and children, and the relevance of which goes beyond aiding learners in choosing their educational or professional paths; it also pertains to preparing them to navigate the diverse situations they will encounter throughout their lives. To approach this ability, we developed a scale comprising 20 items, assessing five distinct decision‐making factors. This scale was administered to a sample of 303 learners in the first and second years of the baccalaureate course (pre‐final and final years of secondary education), representing both genders, and studying in four high schools. The participants’ ages ranged between 16 and 20 years. The results of this study revealed positive psychometric properties of the scale after its apparent validity was verified. Additionally, principal component analysis, using a latent root criterion greater than one (Eigenvalue > 1), and performing Varimax rotation, resulted in five factors that represent decision‐making styles (dependent, avoidant, confident, rational, intuitive) that explain 53.67% of the total variance. Through the application of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the outcomes showcased favorable conformity indicators. The ratio of chi‐square value to degrees of freedom was recorded at less than 5 (x²/df = 1.531). The RMSEA index, at 0.041, remained below the accepted threshold of 0.08. The metrics (CFI, TLI, GFI, IFI) all surpassed 0.90, falling within acceptable ranges. Strong internal consistency between item scores and their respective factors was established by Pearson coefficients. The correlation coefficients between each factor's score and the total scale score were robust, ranging from 0.483 to 0.727. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale's factors ranged from 0.788 (highest) to 0.723 (lowest), with an overall scale stability coefficient of 0.748. These high coefficients collectively confirm the scale's validity, reliability, and appropriateness for implementation within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
Beyond plant awareness disparity: Exploring intangible relationships with plants in the Catalan Pyrenees
Authors: Querol i Mercadé Joaquim , Fernandez‐Llamazares Álvaro , Garnatje Teresa , Casadevall Ariadna , Garet Alba , Gallois Sandrine
Published: October 2024

Societal Impact Statement

The phenomenon of “Plant Awareness Disparity”—often defined as people's inability to notice, recognize, and appreciate plants and their significance—has been described as one of the greatest challenges that botanists face in our joint mission to address the social‐ecological crisis of our time. Encouraging plant awareness will entail a transformative and sustained shift across sectors in how plants and their multiple contributions to humans are recognized, affirmed, and valued. Working with traditional knowledge holders in rural areas offers an opportunity to explore pathways through which the nexus between people and plants can be nurtured and strengthened.

This study explores the intangible relations between local ethnobotanical knowledge holders and plants at three levels—communal, familial, and individual—by considering diverse aspects of expressive culture such as stories, songs, and personal recollections anchored in lived experiences.

We propose a methodological approach to document and characterize these intangible connections with plants and recognize them in the study of plant awareness disparity (PAD). In‐depth interviews were conducted with 22 recognized ethnobotanical knowledge keepers in the Alt Ter valley (Catalan Pyrenees, northeastern Spain).

Exhibiting high plant awareness, local knowledge keepers reported myriads of cultural, familial, and individual expressions of their bonds with the collective botanical heritage of the valley, including 36 distinct sayings, 53 narratives, 27 traditions, and 30 family customs about plants.

Our findings cast light on the intricate relations between humans and plants in rural communities, underpinned mainly by strong emotional connections and a shared sense of cultural identity. These findings hold significant implications for studies aimed at gauging plant awareness and quantifying PAD levels, as they underscore the breadth and depth of humans' intangible relationships with the plant worlds around them.
Tele‐rehabilitation in COVID‐19 survivors (TERCOV): An investigator‐initiated, prospective, multi‐center, real‐world study
Authors: Wen Geyi , Yang Lulu , Qumu Shiwei , Situ Xuanming , Lei Jieping , Yu Biqin , Liu Bing , Liang Yajun , He Jiaze , Wang Rujuan , Ni Fang , Wu Changrong , Zheng Xing , Yin Yao , Lin Jing , Bao Jiangping , Yang Ting , Hu Yi , Cheng Zhenshun , Guo Guangyun
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Center‐based rehabilitation is limited by COVID‐19 infectivity and social distancing policy. We hypothesized that discharged patients benefit from 8‐week home‐based tele‐rehabilitation (tele‐PR) using mobile phones and low‐cost instruments.

Methods

The TERCOV (Tele‐rehabilitation in COVID‐19 survivors) is an investigator‐initiated, prospective, multi‐center, real‐world study. After proper assessment, 186 discharge patients received tele‐PR by smartphone, including breathing exercise, respiratory muscle training, aerobic exercise, and resistance training. Physicians, physiotherapists, and nurses provided guidance through smartphone applications. The primary outcome was six‐minute walk distance (6MWD). The secondary outcomes included hand grip, short physical performance battery, maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, self‐rating anxiety/depression scale (SAS/SDS), 36‐item short‐form health survey (SF‐36) and international physical activity questionnaire.

Results

Dyspnea subgroups were more functionally impaired. After tele‐PR, improvements were observed in exercise capacity(∆6MWD: 16.80 m, 95% CI 1.18–32.42, p < 0.0001), limb muscle function (∆SPPB 0.25 points, 95% CI 0.05–0.46), respiratory muscle strength (∆MIP 16.50 cm H2O, 95% CI 9.22–23.78, p < 0.0001; ∆MEP: 12.09 cm H2O, 95% CI 3.48–20.70, p = 0.0002), health‐related quality of life (∆SF‐36 49.85, 95% CI: 21.01–78.69, p < 0.0001), physical activity(∆HEPA 13.01%, p = 0.0029). Anxiety reduced in patients with mMRC ≥ 2 (∆SAS = −4.19 points, CI −8.16 to −0.22, p = 0.03). Greater change was seen in dyspnea patients.

Implications on Physiotherapy Practice

Supervised/semi‐supervised tele‐PR is a promising option during the pandemic. Patients with Dyspnea benefit more.
Processes controlling extratropical near‐tropopause humidity and temperature in the ECMWF global weather forecast model
Authors: Bland Jake , Forbes Richard , Gray Suzanne L. , Methven John
Published: October 2024

Accurate representation of near‐tropopause fields is important for the forecast skill of numerical weather prediction models, yet there remain significant systematic forecast errors in the region of the tropopause. Although extratropical near‐tropopause humidity, temperature, and wind model biases have been documented from several models, more knowledge of their causes is required as a step towards reducing these biases. Typically, a moist bias is present in the lowermost stratosphere in the analyses used to initialise forecasts, which leads to a growing cold bias in the lowermost stratosphere over the course of the forecasts due to long‐wave radiative cooling. Experiments are conducted with the European Centre of Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts global forecast system where the humidity in a layer 0–4 km above the tropopause in the extratropics is reduced to correct the moist bias in the initial conditions. In these experiments, the lowermost stratosphere cold bias growth is halved compared with the control and gradually remoistens, returning to typical analysis values with a half‐life of around 8–9 days. The reduction in cooling in the lowermost stratosphere is due to a reduction in long‐wave radiative emission from the water vapour above the tropopause. The main contributors to the remoistening are resolved advective transport and parametrised turbulent mixing in the model, the cloud microphysical process rates being similar in the modified and control experiments. The biases in near‐tropopause moisture transport are almost independent of horizontal resolution. These results show that the temperature bias in the extratropical lower stratosphere can be reduced by correcting the collocated moist bias, but the moist bias cannot be fixed by solely correcting the initial conditions and further model improvements are also required to reduce cross‐tropopause moisture transport.
The impact of training provisions on novice English language teachers in Hong Kong: A systematic review
Authors: Ou Jiaen , Mendoza Anna , Li Yongyan
Published: October 2024

The early years of learning and the transition period are important for novice teachers. This systematic review investigated the influence that training provisions for novice primary and secondary English language teachers in Hong Kong have had on their initial workplace experience. From a large body of literature dated between 1980 and 2023, a final set of 20 articles that met our inclusion criteria was analysed using Kumaravadivelu's (2012) model of second language teacher education (consisting of the five modules of Knowing, Analysing, Recognising, Doing and Seeing). The findings were condensed into three thematic strands: (i) teacher authority: novice teachers can feel lost among different authorities (including ideological conflicts between university and school authorities) and their desire to establish their own teacher authority, but must eventually learn to think from the students' perspective to improve teaching, (ii) teacher socialisation: whether obtaining sufficient colleague and mentor support or not would lead to their diverse experiences, and (iii) two weaknesses in teacher preparation that require attention across both university preparation and in‐school training: the novice teachers were under‐prepared in procedural knowledge and in learning to theorize. These findings provide internationally relevant theoretical contributions that can advance the understanding of both novice teacher development and primary and secondary English language teacher training. From a practical perspective, the findings point to areas that need attention in novice language teachers' transition to the workplace and this may be relatable to international audiences.

Context and implications

Rationale for this study

This systematic review aims to reveal how the training provisions in Hong Kong have influenced early‐year primary and secondary school English language teachers' initial workplace experience.

Why the new findings matter

Our findings will reveal what impact training provisions for novice English language teachers may have on their initial workplace experience and what gaps may exist in such provisions.

Implications for researchers, practitioners and teacher educators

The findings in this study can be applied to many other contexts like Hong Kong where English is used as one of the official languages or as a second language. Our recommendations can inform English language teacher education, by highlighting: (a) how novice teachers can feel lost between two different authorities: the school and the university; (b) how novice teachers can undergo a range of positive and negative experiences in their socialisation process; (c) how novice teachers struggle to develop their procedural knowledge; and (d) that novice teachers may not have received enough support in theory‐building.
Photodynamic therapy‐induced precise attenuation of light‐targeted semicircular canals for treating intractable vertigo
Authors: Yang Yingkun , Zhao Tong , Mi Feixue , Li Hongzhe , Huang Pingbo , Chen Fangyi
Published: October 2024

Vertigo is a common symptom of various diseases that affects a large number of people worldwide. Current leading treatments for intractable peripheral vertigo are to intratympanically inject ototoxic drugs such as gentamicin to attenuate the semicircular canal function but inevitably cause hearing injury. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive therapeutic approach by precisely targeting the diseased tissue. Here, we developed a PDT‐based method for treating intractable peripheral vertigo in a mouse model using a polymer‐coated photosensitizer chlorin e6 excited by red light. We found that a high dose of PDT attenuated the function of both semicircular canals and otolith organs and damaged their hair cells. Conversely, the PDT exerted no effect on hearing function or cochlear hair‐cell viability. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of PDT for treating intractable peripheral vertigo without hurting hearing. Besides, the attenuation level and affected area can be precisely controlled by adjusting the light exposure time. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential of this therapeutic approach to be minimally invasive with light irradiation through bone results. Thus, our PDT‐based approach for attenuating the function of the semicircular canals offers a basis for developing a less‐invasive and targeted therapeutic option for treating vertigo.