bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Keanekaragaman dan Keberadaan Plankton Terhadap Faktor Fisika Kimia Sungai Batanghari
Authors: Marhadi Marhadi , Prabasari Ira Galih , Pratiwi Ria
Published: September 2019

Water pollution can not only be measured only by chemical and physical parameters, Plankton have properties that are always moving so that they can be used as indicators of water pollution. Plankton play an important role in influencing the primary productivity of river waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the diversity and presence of plankton to the quality of the Batanghari River. The study was conducted in February 2018 in Jambi City. Primary data taken in the form of concentrations of physical and chemical parameters include turbidity, pH, TDS, BOD, COD, DO, Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonia, Lead, Chloride, Sulfate and the amount of plankton abundance (ind / L) on the Batanghari River. The time of sampling was in the morning and evening on the same day.  The results showed that the relationship between the existence of plankton and the quality of the Batanghari River showed the condition of the Batanghari River in Jambi City was in phase a - Mesosaprobic (heavy pollutant level). Parameters of pH, COD, Phosphate, Nitrite, Lead and Chloride are moderately correlated to phytoplankton, while TDS, BOD, DO, Nitrate and Ammonia are weakly correlated with phytoplankton. And for temperature parameters it is strongly correlated with phytoplankton. For correlation to zooplankton, parameters of pH, TDS, BOD, COD, COD, DO, Phosphate, Nitrate, Nitrite, Lead, chloride are very weakly correlated while ammonia and turbidity correlate moderately to zooplankton.
Analisis Kandungan Total Coliform pada Air Galon dan Higiene Sanitasi Perorangan Operator Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Koto Tangah, Kota Padang)
Authors: Andrizal Nadya Khairannisa , Regia Rinda Andhita , Silvia Shinta
Published: September 2019

This study aims to analyze Total Coliform and its correlations with DAMIU sanitation hygiene in Koto Tangah District, Padang City. The study was conducted by sampling and questionnaires. Samples were obtained from 10 DAMIU consisting of raw water in the reservoir and the production water then carried out in duplicate. Interviews were conducted using questionnaires to DAMIU operators and observations to observe the sanitation of DAMIU. The analytical method used to determine the amount of Total Coliform is the MPN method. The type of question in the questionnaire is the close ended question with the Guttman scale. The results showed that Total Coliform in raw water ranged from 12-64 MPN / 100 ml and production water ranged from 6.2-15 MPN / 100 ml that it did not meet the quality standard limit based on Permenkes 492/2010, which was 0 MPN / 100 ml. After the complementary test, it is known that 50% of raw water samples and 20% of processed water are positive for E. coli bacteria. The results of the questionnaire showed that the personal hygiene on the DAMIU operators were 6.6% at "less" attitude of, 66.7% at "sufficient" and 26.7% at "good". The relationship between sanitation hygiene and Total Coliform in AMIU is inversely proportional and has a very strong correlation with the r value of 0.770 in raw water equipment hygiene, then 0.751 in equipment and production sites hygiene, and 0.831 in personal hygiene of the operator. The personal hygiene of the operator is the most influential aspect among the three aspects seen from the greatest r value.
Effect of Different Chlorine Sources on the Formation of 3-Monochloro-1,2-Propanediol and 2-Monochloro-1,3-Propanediol Fatty Acid Esters during Frying
Authors: Bognár Erzsébet , Hellner Gabriella , Radnóti Andrea , Somogyi László , Kemény Zsolt
Published: September 2019

Several studies indicated that chlorine salts provoke 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid esters (3-MCPD-FE) and 2-monochloro-1,3- propanediol fatty acid esters (2-MCPD-FE) formation in oils during frying. The amount of MCPD strongly depends on the type and the amount of chlorine salt. Food raw materials, additives themselves may contain several chlorine compounds, providing precursors for 2- and 3-MCPD-FE formation during frying. Then, the fat uptake can cause measurable concentrations in the fried food as well. This paper aims at screening chlorine compounds occurring in food industry. Influence of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the formation of MCPD-FE was investigated, mimicking frying conditions (175-180 °C, atmospheric pressure), applying high oleic sunflower oil as frying medium. 2-MCPD-FE and 3-MCPD-FE were determined by using an indirect method based on alkaline-catalyzed transesterification and GC-MS analysis. As expected, the reference sample without using any chlorine salt resulted only slight increase in 3-MCPD-FE concentration, and no increase in 2-MCPD-FE concentration. In case of the stable salts minor formation was observed. At as high as 3 % dosage of NaCl and KCl 1.6 and 2.4 mg/kg 3-MCPD-FE generated, respectively. Adding CaCl2, NH4Cl and FeCl3 resulted in very strong MCPD-FE formation by both isomers (2- and 3-MCPD-FE) in this increasing order. 0.1 % FeCl3 generated 70 mg/kg 2-MCPD-FE and 238 mg/kg 3-MCPD-FE by the end of 8-hour heating.
Özel Eğitim Kurumlarının Fiziksel Koşullarının Evrensel Tasarım İlkeleri Doğrultusunda İncelenmesi: Eskişehir Örneği
Authors: Kaplan Gamze , Aksoy Veysel
Published: September 2019

Evrensel tasarım, uyarlama ve kişiye özel tasarım ihtiyacı olmaksızın tüm insanlar tarafından mümkün olan en geniş ölçüde kullanılabilen ürün, hizmet ve ortamların tasarımı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu araştırmada Eskişehir ilinde yer alan özel özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezlerinin fiziksel koşullarının evrensel tasarım ilkeleri doğrultusunda incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden betimsel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Katılımcı grubu olarak Eskişehir ilinde yer alan on üç kurum belirlenmiştir. Araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen "Evrensel Tasarım Kontrol Listesi" ile toplanan veriler doğrudan gözlem yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler frekans (f) ve yüzde (%) olarak analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz doğrultusunda bulgular, maddeleri karşılayan kurum sayısı ve kurumların kontrol listesinden aldıkları puanlara göre iki açıdan ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde en yüksek ortalamaya sahip bölümlerin dersliklerle ilişkili özellikler ve acil çıkış ve acil durumlar olduğu görülmektedir. En düşük ortalamaya sahip olan özelliklerin ise fiziksel erişilebilirlik unsurları ve tuvaletler olduğu görülmektedir. Bulgular ilgili alanyazın doğrultusunda tartışılmıştır.
Elementos de la estrategia de campaña de marketing político en la Provincia de Tungurahua
Authors: Aucatóma Villegas Blanca Alicia , Ballesteros López Leonardo Gabriel , Albán Bautista Martha Liliana , Silva Ordoñez Iván Fernando
Published: September 2019

El desarrollo de la actividad política ha traído consigo el nacimiento de un nuevo tipo de marketing, el denominado marketing político que se refiere al conjunto de técnicas de investigación, planificación y comunicación que son utilizadas dentro del diseño y ejecución de acciones estratégicas y tácticas a lo largo de una campaña electoral. OBJETIVO. Determinar los elementos de la estrategia de la campaña de marketing político haciendo énfasis en sus diferentes variables (producto, precio, plaza y promoción). DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO. La metodología utilizada se encuentra dado bajo un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo, apoyada por una investigación bibliográfica y de campo. El alcance del estudio es descriptivo y correlacional, pues se pretende evidenciar que los elementos de la estrategia de campaña ayudan a inclinar la preferencia de los votantes dentro del proceso electoral; para ello, se utilizó el modelo estadístico de CHI CUADRADO para aseverar el criterio hipotético. RESULTADOS. El 41% de electores designan al elemento producto, como eje clave, debido que su consistencia funge en los ofrecimientos que se realizan en la campaña política, es decir, propuesta y plan de trabajo con el cual, el personaje político se desempeñará, de ganar. CONCLUSIÓN. Se logró identificar el elemento decisivo del elector antes de inclinar su decisión de voto hacia un actor político, debido a que, el elector prefiere a personas jóvenes preparados, que tengan conocimientos previos para desenvolverse en el lugar que fuere seleccionado.
Empresas familiares ecuatorianas: Análisis de rentabilidad en el período 2007-2017
Authors: Jimenez Lizbeth , Cueva Diego
Published: September 2019

El trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el desempeño de la rentabilidad en las empresas familiares ecuatorianas, identificando la asociatividad entre las variables dependientes e independientes, a través de una metodología de tipo exploratorio, descriptivo y correlacional con enfoque mixto, mediante el uso de datos panel no balanceado. Se determina una muestra de 9.304 empresas familiares registradas en la Superintendencia de Compañías, Valores y Seguros (SUPERCÍAS) dentro del periodo 2007-2017.

Los resultados evidencian que los indicadores de rentabilidad en las medianas y grandes empresas presentan variaciones semejantes. En cuanto a los indicadores de solvencia, las empresas grandes dependen menos de los acreedores para su financiamiento en comparación con las demás. Por último, la rentabilidad financiera mantiene una mayor asociatividad positiva con la rentabilidad neta del activo de todas las empresas familiares, que con cualquier otro indicador de rentabilidad, solvencia o liquidez.
OBYEKTIVASI SIKAP TOLERANSI ANAK DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MULTIKULTURAL KELUARGA MULTI AGAMA
Authors: Nasruddin Nasruddin
Published: September 2019

Setelah orang tua dalam keluarga multi agama di masyarakat Balun melakukan penyesuaian diri terhadap realitas sosial sebelumnya, dan ketika realitas sosial yang baru terbentuk, mereka mau tidak mau harus terlibat di dalamnnya meskipun realitas baru ini sendiri mengalami ‘tarik ulur’ atau negosiasi di antara individu-individu yang ada di masyarakat Balun, termasuk orang tua dalam keluarga multi agama sebelum realitas baru tersebut terlembagakan atau terinstitusionalisasikan baik di dalam pikiran, tindakan, perilaku atau lainnya. Dengan kata lain, realitas sosial baru yang berbentuk beragam sikap toleransi yang ditampilkan oleh anak keluarga multi agama dalam kehidupan ini lambat laun menjadi bagian hidup yang tak terpisahkan dari kehidupan keseharian mereka.Kata kunci: institusionalisasi, anak, realitas sosial, keluarga After parents in a multi-religious family in the Balun community adjust themselves to previous social realities, and when new social realities are formed, they inevitably have to be involved in them even though this new reality itself experiences 'tug-of-war' or negotiations between individuals - individuals in the Balun community, including parents in multi-religious families before the new reality is institutionalized or institutionalized both in thought, action, behavior or otherwise. In other words, the new social reality in the form of a variety of tolerance attitudes which are displayed by the children of multi-religious families in this life gradually becomes an inseparable part of their daily lives.Keywords: institutionalization, children, social reality, family
PENETRASI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM PADA BUDAYA DAN AGAMA MASYARAKAT
Authors: Mas’udi Akhmad Thoyib
Published: September 2019

Proses penetrasi pendidikan Islam pada budaya dan agama masyarakat di desa Pulopancikan Gresik bersifat akulturatif dengan corak overt culture melalui beberapa unsur budaya masyarakat yang meliputi: sistem religi dan upacara keagamaan, sistem kekerabatan dan organisasi sosial, sistem teknologi dan sistem bahasa. Selain melalui unsur budaya masyarakat, penetrasi akulturatif juga dijalankan melalui sistem agama masyarakat yang meliputi: haddad-an, majelis rawhah, haul Habib Abu Bakar bin Muhammad Assegaf, perayaan tahun baru Imlek, dan sembahyang saling berebut.Kata kunci: Penetrasi Sosial, Pendidikan Islam.                               The process of penetration of Islamic education in the culture and religion of the community in Pulopancikan Gresik village is acculturative with a pattern of overt culture through several elements of community culture which include: religious systems and religious ceremonies, kinship systems and social organizations, technological systems and language systems. In addition through cultural elements of society, acculturative penetration is also carried out through the community's religious system which includes: haddad-an, rawhah assembly, haul Habib Abu Bakar bin Muhammad Assegaf, Chinese New Year celebrations, and scrambling prayers.Keywords: social penetration, islamic education
AKULTURASI NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MULTIKULTURAL DALAM BUDAYA WAYANG TOPENG MALANGAN
Authors: Mansur Rosichin
Published: September 2019

Dalang memiliki peran sentral sebagai penguasa, sutradara dan penutur cerita dalam pagelaran wayang topeng malangan. Dalang sebagai pelestari akulturasi nilai, nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam multikultural dalam budaya yang diekspresikan pada pementasan wayang topeng malangan. Akulturasi nilai-nilai pendidikan Islam multikultural dalam ritual wayang topeng malangan berupa nilai religi (nilai kedamaian, humanis) dan budaya (nilai pribadi, kekeluargaan). Model akulturasi nilai dalam tuturan bahasa dalang secara dekulturasi, bangunan model akulturasi dibangun dengan cara rekonstruksi, model akulturasi nilai dalam ritual secara sinkretisme, bangunan model akulturasi dibangun dengan cara rekonstruksi.Kata kunci: akulturasi nilai, pendidikan Islam multikultural, wayang topeng malangan.     The mastermind has a central role as the ruler, director and storyteller in the shadow puppet show performance. The mastermind as the preserver of acculturation in values, the values of multicultural Islamic education in culture are expressed in the performance of wayang topeng malangan. There is an acculturation in the values of multicultural Islamic education in wayang topeng malangan rituals in the form of religious values (peace, humanism) and culture (personal values, family values). Acculturation model values in puppeter language speech in deculturation, building acculturation model was built by means of reconstruction, acculturation value models in rituals in syncretism, building acculturation models built by reconstruction.Keywords: acculturation of values, multicultural Islamic education, shadow puppetry of malangan.
Vienna
Authors: Thacker Andrew
Published: September 2019

This chapter explores the cultural history of Vienna as a story of modernity, space, and power, from the late nineteenth century construction of the Ringstrasse to the postwar building of Red Vienna. It traces the city’s particular version of the geographical emotions of modernism, concentrating upon how the city’s architectural spaces helped shape an ‘inward turn’ in the mood or stimmung (Heidegger) of the modernism produced here, often producing notions of spatial phobias. It also analyses the importance of coffee houses as cultural spaces, and the ‘outsider’ figure of Jewish writers and thinkers in the city. After discussion of key Viennese figures such as Sigmund Freud and Robert Musil, it then traces how Anglophone visitors such as John Lehmann, Naomi Mitchison (in her Vienna Diary), Jean Rhys, and Stephen Spender (in his neglected long poem Vienna) represented the mood of the city in the interwar years. The chapter concludes with an analysis of Carol Reed’s 1949 film The Third Man.
Blood
Authors: Netton Ian Richard
Published: September 2019

The chapter opens once more by an examination of proto-blood miracles in the Islamic and Christian traditions. Within the Christian Domain there is an examination of the healing of the centurion Longinus whom tradition places at the foot of the cross and whose poor eyesight is miraculously healed by contact with the blood of Christ. Reference is made, by contrast, to the blood-clot mentioned in Sura 96 of the Qur’an. The next section surveys Eucharistic miracles such as that of Bolsena in 1263 in which the elevated host at Mass is seen to drip blood. The healing powers of spilled blood by martyred saints such as Thomas Becket are referenced. All this contrasts with the spilling of blood in Islamic sufi narrations, and the spilling of the blood of the famous sufi mystic, al-Hallaj, who was brutally murdered in 922. From a narrative perspective it is emphasised that blood has a universal significance in both the Islamic and Christian traditions, especially from the perspective of the martyrdoms of such saints as Becket, al-Husayn and al-Hallaj whose deaths give rise to many miracles.
Envoi
Authors: Netton Ian Richard
Published: September 2019

This brief conclusion returns to Bernard Lonergan’s taxonomy, adumbrated in his Method in Theology in which he identifies ‘eight functional specialities in theology’. Comparison is made with the phenomenological and anthropological methodology adopted in Islam, Christianity and the Realms of the Miraculous in which an elevenfold narratological sieve is adopted centering on five chosen miraculous types of narrative : food, water, blood, wood and stone, and cosmology. The Envoi identifies a final taxonomy whereby these five topoi might be considered, comprising memory, hope, divine presence. It is stressed at the end of the chapter that the realms and world of the miraculous constitute a world of signs whose meanings are open to interpretation by the phenomenologist, the believer and the atheist but “in very different ways”.
About Time: A Modernist Coda for Thomas
Authors: Sherry Vincent
Published: September 2019

This chapter – a coda to Reading Dylan Thomas – offers a broad view of the ways the volume might help us to situate Dylan Thomas in relation to modernist studies. It ponders the matter of what a ‘critical context’ might be in this case, and attempts to redraw a historical and critical picture of Thomas working at the interface of times, of the temporal imaginaries as well as tempi of nature and technology, of antiquity and modernity.
Civil Society and Civilisation
Authors: Smith Craig
Published: September 2019

This chapter makes the case for Ferguson as a partisan for civilisation and sees him not as a critic of modern commercial society, but rather as someone deeply aware of its fragility. The benefits of civilisation are wealth and freedom, and Ferguson defends both of them. The chapter argues that Ferguson’s theory of the evolution of nations and their institutions sits alongside his attempt to educate the virtuous gentlemen necessary to make the right decisions to maintain the benefits of wealthy and free societies. Ferguson’s theory of corruption is not nostalgic republicanism, but rather a clear-eyed analysis of the present situation in Hanoverian Britain.
Civilised Warfare
Authors: Smith Craig
Published: September 2019

The final chapter turns to Adam Ferguson’s preoccupation with warfare and citizen militias. It argues that Ferguson saw war as a human universal and a key feature of politics. The chapter covers Ferguson’s account of the rise of nations and of the superiority of modern rule-governed warfare over that of the ancient world. It links this to his view that we can pass moral judgements on the ‘spirit’ of nations. Judging nations through moral science and in line with the values developed in moral philosophy helps us to understand the benefits of commercial society and the potential dangers to which it is subject.
Epilogue
Authors: Hermansson Casie E.
Published: September 2019

This study ends where it began, with the particularities of the children’s context when it comes to considering metafiction, transmediation of meta-fiction to children’s film, and adaptation itself. The important role of metafiction in children’s reading is central to an understanding of the particular pressures brought to bear on its adaptation, particularly to other (screen) media....
Devotional Reading and Popular Poetry in Good Words
Authors: Ehnes Caley
Published: September 2019

Focusing on Good Words as a representative example of the religious literary periodical, this chapter argues that the debut of Good Words in 1860 marks the rise of a different kind of religious periodical based on the literary models provided by the weeklies and monthlies discussed in the previous chapters. In particular, it considers how the devotional poetry published in Good Words promoted devotional reading practices, setting the periodical apart from its direct competitors, All the Year Round and the Cornhill. The first half of the chapter focuses on the form of the periodical’s devotional poetry, including a discussion of parables and hymns. The second half discusses how the periodical’s illustrations
contribute to the self-reflexive, affective, and often devotional
nature of the monthly’s poetry, creating a space for Christian contemplation within the busy pages of the periodical press.
Brief Encounters: The Railway Station on Film
Authors: Mazdon Lucy
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the cinematic representation of the railway station, examining the different ways in which the space and iconography of the station have been used in film to represent cultural integration, transformation and/or friction. The station is both physical space and symbol or metaphor for cultural encounter of all kinds: encounter engendered by travel and tourism, conflict and displacement, memory and identity. One of the very earliest moving pictures, the Lumière brothers’ Arrivée d’un train à la gare de La Ciotat (France, 1896), puts a station at its heart reminding us of the shared origins of both cinema and the modern station in the nineteenth century and presaging the countless filmic representations of the station which would ensue. Via close analysis of David Lean’s seminal ‘station’ film, Brief Encounter (1945) the chapter examines the reasons for this cinematic fascination with the railway station and examines this film’s particular representations of journeys, encounters and identities.
Gothic Journeys: Travel and Transportation in the Films of Terence Fisher
Authors: Fujiwara Chris
Published: September 2019

The journey appears as a regular trope in Gothic literature and cinema, prototypically in the form of the displacement of a traveller from a safe and familiar home to an enigmatic and unpredictable space. Such journeys frequently lead to the subversion of known categories and patterns of self-identity, family, nation, and empire. The films of Terence Fisher are exemplary of the representation of the Gothic journey in cinema. As Fisher’s characters make their way across the forcefully rendered psychic geographies of his films, an initial polarity between “home” and “away” progressively loses its organising power. At the same time, the foregrounding of such problems as delays, jostling, loss of luggage, and recalcitrant drivers enables the films to ground fantasies involving mortal peril and transformation in mundane aspects of the experience of travel. Fisher’s travel sequences function on multiple levels, giving expressive visual and temporal form to the metaphysical displacements that are thematically central to his work. The chapter contends that the progressive development of the theme of the journey through Fisher's work constitutes a crucial structuring of the field of the Gothic in cinema.
Beyond the Sea
Authors: Pomerance Murray
Published: September 2019

This chapter works to use Hitchcock’s Vertigo (1958) as a way to open thought about what film is and can be as it is experienced. It provides a detailed analysis of the film’s “sanatorium” sequence, in which its protagonist, Scottie, has been immobilized by grief. It is argued that the efforts of his closest friend Midge to bring Scottie “back to life” with the music of Mozart is part of a motif that links these two principal characters to a classical “past,” conflicting with the dominating social order of the modern present in which they find themselves. A conceptual link is offered between the presence of the color “blue” in the scene, and the various psychological states and identities that Scottie adopts and experiences throughout the film.
A Barbaric Rose
Authors: Pomerance Murray
Published: September 2019

This chapter works through the color-printing process of the Technicolor Corporation, used in the mid-1940s, to explore the contradictory registers of dream and practicality to which film-watching moments offer entrance. It provides an analysis of a key color effect in Powell and Pressburger’s A Matter of Life and Death (1946), in which a transition from the monochromatic to the vibrantly colorful emphasizes the use of cinematic color beyond the perfunctory. It is argued, with reference to oil painting, that the brilliant and radiant pink of a single rose in this scene represents the potential of color to emotionally penetrate the viewer, not by supplementing the narrative, but by intruding upon and beyond it.
‘Subtle sleights’: Amity and the Informer in Damon and Pithias
Authors: Angus Bill
Published: September 2019

The informer-figure permeates the conditions of early modern dramatic production and haunts the vagaries of reception towards which such ventures must look. Richard Edwards’s Damon and Pythias registers this awareness in its own metadrama, along with a basic typology of the kinds of illegitimate oversight associated with informers. A central issue here is the contested status of authority as a whole in a system reliant upon the devices and untrustworthy interpretations that come to be located in a wholly reviled class. It may not be entirely coincidental that 1564 also saw the expansion of the Privy Council’s policy of arresting and imprisoning people for recusancy and was thus a significant year in terms of the work of informers. Edwards’s drama offers its own solution to this perceived abuse of authority and social trust in the form of the classical amity of its eponymous friends.
The Reluctant Informer: Humanising the Beast
Authors: Angus Bill
Published: September 2019

Even more so than Iago, or Middleton’s Vindice, Webster’s Bosola is the quintessential combination of informer and actor. His self-conscious Machiavellian role in the Duchess’s tragedy includes much metadramatic structure and some self-reflection on the typical actor who is cursed, or occasionally prosecuted, for playing the part of the villain. As this complex character’s conscience gets the better of him, his resistance to the role allotted him feeds into contemporary discourses on the nature of the informer, as much as it does into theatrical controversies and apologetics. The fact that his resistance comes too late for the Duchess, and ultimately for himself, works as an effective social commentary and satirical invective on these discussions surrounding both acting and informing. His activities finally come to rest at the feet of the authorities which instigate and fund them.
The Burning Issue: Metadrama and Contested Authority in Chettle’s Hoffman
Authors: Angus Bill
Published: September 2019

In Chettle’s The Tragedy of Hoffman, authority is in flux again and here metadrama bites both ways as its usurping and informing metadramatic actors are punished by hidden audiences. Although the play’s metadramatic structure initially facilitates the active power of the vengeful protagonist and draws the offstage audience into his confidence, it is also used by the play’s antagonists as onstage audiences, in this case to redress an ill rather than to provoke one, providing the downfall of the plotters. The avenger’s deceptive usurping of authority and privilege is punished by the burning crown that boils the brains of the subject, perhaps a fitting punishment for the thought-crime of assuming or impersonating authority, either as pirate, impostor, or authorial plotter. However, the burning crown also bespeaks an authority troubled by its own mechanisms of control and punishment.
Conclusion
Authors: Mourant Chris
Published: September 2019

The concluding chapter reiterates the central claim of this book, that reading Mansfield’s writings within the original historical contexts of periodical publication enables us to situate her work more resolutely as embedded within particular political, aesthetic and social debates, and as produced through networks of association with other writers and artists. It is argued that this focus helps to challenge the misconception of Mansfield as a writer of limited generic interest, revealing the incredible diversity of genres that she employed throughout her writing career. Importantly, returning to the periodicals and magazines in which Mansfield published also enables us to reposition her more decisively as a colonial-metropolitan modernist, writing both within and against the London literary establishment.
Mendelian Inheritance, ‘Eternal Differences’ and Entropy in Howards End
Authors: Newman Daniel Aureliano
Published: September 2019

This chapter reads Howards End as a Bildungsroman whose developmental trajectory straddles two generations (those of parents and offspring) instead of being limited to the growth and acculturation of a single protagonist. This unusual take on the genre follows from Forster’s underappreciated interest in Mendel’s genetic theories, which enable him to re-imagine atavistic throwbacks as necessary deviations from the entropic path of linear progress. The chapter rehabilitates Forster’s interest in contemporary biology by harmonizing his recurrent use of procreation and genealogy with his queer poetics. Building on the significant revisionist interpretations of Forster by queer theorists such as Robert Martin, Scott Nelson, and James Miracky, the chapter redresses the intuitive conclusion that Forster’s fiction favors culture and elective affinities over biology and filiation; instead it suggests that it exploits new science in order to re-imagine how genealogy might participate in a queer, modernist vision of personal relations.
Beginning Again: Darwin’s Caterpillar from George Eliot to Beckett
Authors: Newman Daniel Aureliano
Published: September 2019

The chapter examines one particularly evident case of literature borrowing from biology: the case of what Samuel Beckett calls “Darwin’s caterpillar.” This caterpillar, described in The Origin of Species, exemplifies a kind of repetition compulsion which prevents it from completing the stages of its metamorphosis into a moth. I trace the increasingly innovative ways in which novelists incorporated the repetitions of Darwin’s caterpillar into their novels. I briefly chart the caterpillar’s role in the narrative dynamics of fiction by George Eliot, Lewis Carroll, Samuel Butler, and Henry Green, before devoting the bulk of the chapter to its function in Molloy, Malone, The Unnamable, and How It Is, where it evidences the continuing relevance of development in Beckett’s fiction.
The Kopple Effect: Women Directing Documentaries
Authors: Zaniello Tom
Published: September 2019

This chapter traces the reverberations of Barbara Kopple’s decision in 1973 to travel to Harlan County, Kentucky, where her tiny crew would plunge into filming what would become a new kind of classic labor documentary, in which the workers did not have to yield or even share screen time with talking heads or traditional leaders. The chapter illustrates how these decisions, which resulted in the creation of Harlan County USA, generated a wave of filmmakers, many of them women, who were either directly influenced by Kopple’s project or were in synch with the movement ideals she and her crew espoused. It argues that Kopple’s intensive focus on the workers’ lives and their struggles not only generated interest in filming workers deeply involved in labor strife, but also facilitated a cadre of other women filmmakers, most directly with Anne Lewis and Mimi Pickering from Appalshop, but also indirectly with other independent filmmakers such as Julia Reichert and Judith Helfand.
Gender Agency: Harlan County, USA, Shut Up & Sing!, and This is Everything: Gigi Gorgeous
Authors: Hearst Kate
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines three documentaries, Harlan County USA (1976), Shut Up and Sing! (2006), and This Is Everything: Gigi Gorgeous (2017), in which individuals consciously subvert traditional gender roles as they battle contexts of discrimination and forces of oppression in the United States and globally. The chapter explores how these documentaries trace coal miners’ wives, female musicians, and a youthful YouTube transgender personality, as they become extraordinary in their fights for living wages, civil rights, justice and equality. It reflects on potential connections between Kopple’s personal story as a woman documentary filmmaker, persevering in making films in a predominantly male-driven industry, and casting an empathetic eye on her subjects as they resiliently perform gender in unexpected and empowering ways.
The Peekskill Projects: Race, Riots, and Paul Robeson
Authors: Jaeckle Jeff
Published: September 2019

Drawing on materials donated by Kopple to New York University’s Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, this chapter traces the contexts and significance of several aborted efforts by Kopple to dramatize the Peekskill riots, a series of violent events in 1949 in response to a planned concert by Paul Robeson. The chapter reviews the impacts of these events on Kopple’s childhood and early filmmaking career, including her developing racial consciousness and investments in documenting incidents of social crisis. The chapter suggests that these materials highlight Kopple’s inclinations as a storyteller when engaging with issues of race: her tendency to gloss over the nuances of systemic racism in an effort to sustain the momentum and emotional tug of the crisis narrative.
Celebrity and Vulnerability in Three Documentaries by Barbara Kopple
Authors: McIntosh Heather
Published: September 2019

This chapter examines the role of emotion, specifically vulnerability, in three of Kopple’s recent films that focus on representations of women and their experiences. In Running from Crazy (2013), Kopple explores with Mariel Hemingway the mental illness and suicide that permeate the Hemingway family history and Mariel's struggles to understand them. Miss Sharon Jones! (2015) chronicles the funk and soul singer's diagnosis and battle with pancreatic cancer just as her career reaches new heights. This is Everything: Gigi Gorgeous (2017) is a portrait of Gigi Lazzarato, a transgender YouTube star who struggles for identity, happiness, and acceptance in transphobic worlds both online and offline. Drawing theories of documentary representation, trauma, and witnessing, this chapter demonstrates how Kopple deftly balances the witness and her story of each portrait within the demands of nonfiction filmmaking.
Fallen Champ: Poetics of the Documentary Film Interview
Authors: Grindon Leger
Published: September 2019

The chapter considers the cast of interview subjects in Fallen Champ: The Untold Story of Mike Tyson (1993) and analyses the interviews themselves, first asking what the function is of each in terms of the unfolding plot and/or the argument underlying the film as a whole. It then considers the interview from five poetic categories: the presence of the filmmaker, the perspective established through setting and camera position, the pictorial context established by the preceding and the following sequences, the performance of those interviewed, and the polyvalence of the overall effect the interview contributes to the film. The chapter argues that Barbara Kopple maintains a delicate balance between portraying Tyson as a victimized ghetto refugee and a brutal fighter through her approach to the interviews in the film.
Confronting the Ancient Greek Golden Age in Jules Dassin’s Phaedra (1962)
Authors: Scioli Emma
Published: September 2019

In the second of three chapters examining Athens’ golden-age legacy, Scioli traces how Jules Dassin repeatedly draws attention to the origins of his 1962 melodrama Phaedra in Greek myth and tragedy through visual imagery, as a complement to his 1960 comedy Never on Sunday. Phaedra’s use of ancient Athenian art, and its suggestive modernization of elements from the ancient Athenian tragedyHippolytusand Racine’s 1677 adaptation Phèdre, force a confrontation with a particular modern formulation of the ancient Greek past. Dassin draws upon the golden age to characterize the world of ancient Greece that irrupts into the early 1960s setting of the film both visually and thematically. Rather than fostering nostalgia for a golden age that might prompt a desire for its return, Phaedra presents it as an intrusive presence from which its characters feel alienated, only to demonstrate that they are inextricably bound, in their modern dress, to repeat what the tragic past has prescribed for them. Such self-conscious appropriation of Athens’ literary-dramatic and artistic-material remains informs the tragic belatedness of Phaedra and reflects upon the American expatriate director’s sense of foreignness in the homeland of his lover and artistic muse, Greek actress and activist Melina Mercouri.
Pericles, Cincinnatus, and Zombies: Classicizing Nostalgia in The Walking Dead (2010–)
Authors: Gawlinski Laura
Published: September 2019

In the third of three chapters examining Athens’ golden-age legacy, Gawlinski discusses how the “flu episodes” of The Walking Dead’s fourth season re-animate a highly influential classical plague narrative: when the civic ideals of “golden age” Athens, lauded by Pericles in the famous Funeral Oration featured in Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War, fall to the lawlessness (anomia) spurred by an outbreak of plague as the walled city is besieged by the Spartans. The series’ dramatization of the community’s failure to live up to its ideals interlaces with the struggle of its protagonist, former sheriff Rick Grimes, to follow an example from the Roman Republican strand of the classical tradition. Cincinnatus, the Roman leader who temporarily left his farm to save the state by taking up emergency powers in wartime, then returned to pastoral life voluntarily, has been invoked as a model for American leaders since George Washington. Grimes tries but fails to follow this Roman model, further undermining the community’s attempt at Athenian-style civic life and abandoning the communal farm. Thus two classical models promoting a turn away from strife are shown as unsustainable, like the golden age itself.
Introduction
Authors: Davidson Roger
Published: September 2019

The introductory chapter fulfils three objectives. First, it locates this study within the existing, somewhat disparate, historiography relating to sexuality and sexual practices in twentieth-century Scotland and summarises the aims of the book. Secondly, it explores the strengths and weaknesses of Scottish High Court and Crown Office records as a source for the social historian. In particular, it examines the importance of precognitions − witness statements, including testimony from medicsl experts and the police compiled by the Procurator Fiscal prior to any prosecution. Thirdly, it provides an overview of the structure and contents of the study.
‘Venereal Trouble’: The Case of ‘Professor’ Abraham Eastburn
Authors: Davidson Roger
Published: September 2019

Chapter 2 investigates the prosecution of ‘Professor’ Abraham Eastburn in 1919 as a means of exploring the interface between the law and the moral panic surrounding VD in early twentieth century Scotland that reached its peak during and immediately after the First World War. A detailed narrative of his background and practice, together with a content analysis of his posters and handbills, furnish valuable insights into the widespread and continuing recourse to unregistered healers and quack remedies. The failure of qualified practitioners and established therapies to meet the needs of those suffering from venereal infections is surveyed. Eastburn’s’ prosecution is then contextualised within the social politics shaping the creation of a nation-wide health system for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VD, and the outlawing, under growing pressure from the medical profession, of all venereal advice and treatment by unqualified practitioners under the 1917 Venereal Disease Act..
‘There’s the Man who Shifts the Babies’: Abortion in the Scottish High Court 1900–30
Authors: Davidson Roger
Published: September 2019

Based on a detailed analysis of every prosecution heard in the Scottish High Court in the period 1900−30 involving a charge of abortion or attempted abortion, Chapter 5 provides a comprehensive survey of the practice. It examines the age, marital status, class, occupation, and motivation of the women seeking an abortion. Abortion is revealed not as a single event but part of an elaborate process of social networking and medical intervention. An initial phase of self-treatment is explored followed by a review of the variety of ways in which women gained access to abortionists. Thereafter, the study provides a breakdown of the social and occupational status of the abortionists indicted before the High Court. A further section summarises the abortion procedure including a review of the drugs and instruments employed and the medical outcomes. The chapter then describes how the police were alerted to an offence, the legal framework and particular constraints operating under Scottish criminal law, and the process of assembling a prosecution case with particular reference to the role of forensic medicine. Finally, variations in convictions and sentencing are examined and conclusions drawn as to the implications of this study for the historiography of abortion..
‘An Open and Notorious House of Lewdness’: Dora Noyce and the Danube Street Brothel
Authors: Davidson Roger
Published: September 2019

Chapter 6 explores the life of Dora Noyce and her business enterprise at 17 and 17a Danube Street, Edinburgh, as a peg upon which to hang a broader review of how the law operated at the local level to regulate prostitution and brothel-keeping in late twentieth-century Scotland. Primarily based on oral history interviews and newspaper reports, the study reveals the social background and outlook of Dora Noyce before describing the operation of her brothel, including details of sexual transactions and the social status and motivation of the women employed as prostitutes. Thereafter, the history of the Danube Street brothel is located within a more general review of the law relating to brothel keeping in Scotland and its previous implementation prior to the Second World War. The study then focuses on the possible reasons for the degree of tolerance shown by the police authorities in Edinburgh to Dora Noyce from the 1950s through to the 1970s and the extent to which this signified a more complex and nuanced relationship between the law and the sexual underworld than is conventionally conveyed in police and court records.
Introduction
Authors: Stephanov Darin
Published: September 2019

The introduction provides a brief overview of the book’s main questions and goals against the backdrop of recent scholarship on group identities and communal boundaries. This book proposes a more systematic and comprehensive approach to the topic in the context of the late Ottoman Empire, based on terminological innovation and a three-tiered theorization of average personal attachments. By adopting the meta concept of ruler (in)visibility, it connects the ruler to the ruled and suggests that the former had no viable competitor for popular loyalties over most of the nineteenth century. It then identifies the annual all-imperial ruler celebrations, a global mass-scale nineteenth-century phenomenon, as an under-researched and extremely promising area of focus in the study of the moorings of contemporary popular belonging. Finally, the introduction discusses methods and sources, and provides a chapter-by-chapter synopsis of the book.
The First Shift in (Modern) Ruler Visibility: the Reign of Mahmud II (1808–39)
Authors: Stephanov Darin
Published: September 2019

Chapter 1 introduces and briefly traces the concept of ruler visibility, the focal point of the entire book, from the inception of the Ottoman imperial project to the nineteenth century. This umbrella term facilitates two lines of subsequent analysis of the sultan’s public image – visibility at home vs. abroad, and visibility to Muslim vs. Christian target audiences. The chapter then focuses on the reign of Mahmud II (1808–39), who engineered the first shift in modern ruler visibility in the Ottoman Empire. On the basis of hitherto untapped Ottoman archival evidence, this chapter makes the claim that the reform process began much earlier than the standard narrative (the Rose Chamber Rescript (Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif) of 1839) still claims. It also introduces some principles of aggrandisement of the ruler in the eyes of the people, such as piety, devotion to duty and fatherly status (in a ‘father-children’ metaphor of society), which pertain to the entire book.
The Trope of Love, its Variations and Manifestations: the Reign of Abdülmecid (1839–61)
Authors: Stephanov Darin
Published: September 2019

Chapter 2 focuses on the reign of Mahmud II’s eldest son, Abdülmecid (1839–61). He and his successor brought Mahmud II’s policies of increased visibility regarding the royal image to an apex. The trope of love for the ruler, which flourished under Abdülmecid, broadened and intensified the terms of direct engagement between sultan and subject. It also provided early indications for a trajectory of abstraction in terms of glorification of the sultan, which would gradually lead to a personality cult by the end of the nineteenth century, under Abdülhamid II. Chapter 2 gradually shifts the focus of the inquiry away from elitist theoretical conceptions of power towards the popular practical celebrations thereof. It looks at some channels for the localisation of central policies regarding monarchic celebration and the transformative effects on the Ottoman (especially non-Muslim) populace in the period from 1839 to 1861. By examining the case of the Bulgars, this chapter demonstrates the subtle stages of transformation of the notion of a common Ottoman fatherland into a notion of a common Bulgar motherland, with its attendant images of personification, victimization, and unification vis-à-vis a negative ‘other.’ This transformation signals a paradigm shift, discussed in this chapter and the next.
Introduction
Authors: Gaakeer Jeanne
Published: September 2019

The Introduction starts with a sketch of the author’s parallel eduction in law and literature to illustrate that while the Anglo-American renaissance of the humanist tradition in the 1980s revitalised the two early twentieth-century challenges provoked by John Wigmore and Benjamin Cardozo (i.e. that literary works can provide insight in the life of the law, and that law can be seen as a literary-linguistic practice), it soon became theoretical. In doing so it deviated from its original goal to provide food for thought for legal professionals. The idea underlying Judging from Experience is that law needs the humanities to provide such food for thought and offer insights applicable in legal practice.
Explanation or Understanding: Language and Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Gaakeer Jeanne
Published: September 2019

Chapter 3 addresses the topic of law and interdisciplinarity and the question of the meaning of the “and” in Law and Literature and Law and the Humanities. It discusses the Erklären-Verstehen controversy in the scientific and hermeneutic debate of the late nineteenth century on whether the explanatory model of the natural sciences or the methodology based on understanding text and human action of the humanities should be taken as the litmus test for what is to be called “scientific knowledge”. This debate remains important both for contemporary discussions on the academic status of law as a discipline and for interdisciplinarity as such. This chapter also draws attention to the Wittgensteinian idea of the limits of language in their consequences in relation to the concepts of determinism and free will in legal surroundings.