bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Maternal High-Fat or High-Carbohydrate Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation on Cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) in the Liver and Brain of Rat Offspring
Authors: Kuban Wojciech , Haduch Anna , Bromek Ewa , Basińska-Ziobroń Agnieszka , Gawlińska Kinga , Gawliński Dawid , Filip Małgorzata , Daniel Władysława A.
Published: July 2024

Cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) is important in psychopharmacology as it is engaged in the metabolism of drugs, neurosteroids and neurotransmitters. An unbalanced maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation can cause neurodevelopmental abnormalities and increases the offspring’s predisposition to neuropsychiatric diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of maternal modified types of diet: a high-fat diet (HFD) and high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) during pregnancy and lactation on CYP2D in the liver and brain of male offspring at 28 (adolescent) or 63 postnatal days (young adult). The CYP2D activity and protein level were measured in the liver microsomes and the levels of mRNAs of CYP2D1, 2D2 and 2D4 were investigated both in the liver and brain. In the liver, both HFD and HCD increased the mRNA levels of all the three investigated CYP2D genes in adolescents, but an opposite effect was observed in young adults. The CYP2D protein level increased in adolescents but not in young adults. In contrast, young adults showed significantly decreased CYP2D activity. Similar effect of HFD on the CYP2D mRNAs was observed in the prefrontal cortex, while the effect of HCD was largely different than in the liver (the CYP2D2 expression was not affected, the CYP2D4 expression was decreased in young adults). In conclusion, modified maternal diets influence the expression of individual CYP2D1, CYP2D2 and CYP2D4 genes in the liver and brain of male offspring, which may affect the metabolism of CYP2D endogenous substrates and drugs and alter susceptibility to brain diseases and pharmacotherapy outcome.
Evaluation of a New Closed-System Automated RT-qPCR Assay for the Rapid Detection and Monitoring of Common Nucleophosmin Mutations in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Press Richard D. , Dressel Dana , McBean Michelle , Tiong Ing S. , Anderson Matthew W. , Pride David , Raman Aarthi , Doom Rachelle R. , Kaldate Rajesh
Published: July 2024

Quantitative assessment of nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutation status is integral to evaluating measurable residual disease (MRD) in NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. In a retrospective study, leftover peripheral blood (PB) specimens (n = 40) which were collected for routine clinical diagnostic evaluations of AML disease burden were tested by both a novel automated RT-qPCR quantitative NPM1 assay (Xpert NPM1 mutation assay) and the NPM1 mutA, mutB&D MutaQuant kit. Based on a Deming regression analysis, there was a high correlation (slope = 0.92; intercept = 0.12; Pearson’s r = 0.982) between the quantitative results of the Xpert NPM1 mutation assay and the NPM1 mutA, mutB&D MutaQuant kit. The Xpert test quantitative results are thus highly correlated with the comparator method and the former has potential as a useful alternative for the monitoring of AML patients with a known NPM1 mutation.
Vitamin D Receptor Regulates the Expression of the Grainyhead-Like 1 Gene
Authors: Taracha-Wisniewska Agnieszka , Parks Emma G. C. , Miller Michal , Lipinska-Zubrycka Lidia , Dworkin Sebastian , Wilanowski Tomasz
Published: July 2024

Vitamin D plays an important pleiotropic role in maintaining global homeostasis of the human body. Its functions go far beyond skeletal health, playing a crucial role in a plethora of cellular functions, as well as in extraskeletal health, ensuring the proper functioning of multiple human organs, including the skin. Genes from the Grainyhead-like (GRHL) family code for transcription factors necessary for the development and maintenance of various epithelia. Even though they are involved in many processes regulated by vitamin D, a direct link between vitamin D-mediated cellular pathways and GRHL genes has never been described. We employed various bioinformatic methods, quantitative real-time PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, reporter gene assays, and calcitriol treatments to investigate this issue. We report that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) binds to a regulatory region of the Grainyhead-like 1 (GRHL1) gene and regulates its expression. Ectopic expression of VDR and treatment with calcitriol alters the expression of the GRHL1 gene. The evidence presented here indicates a role of VDR in the regulation of expression of GRHL1 and correspondingly a role of GRHL1 in mediating the actions of vitamin D.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Anticancer Properties of Pitavastatin against Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Ya-Hui , Wu Jyun-Xue , Yang Shun-Fa , Wu Yun-Chia , Hsiao Yi-Hsuan
Published: July 2024

Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent form of cancer and is a significant contributor to female mortality on a global scale. Pitavastatin is an anti-hyperlipidemic medication and has been demonstrated to exert anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effect of pitavastatin on cervical cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. The results showed that pitavastatin significantly inhibited cell viability by targeting cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in Ca Ski, HeLa and C-33 A cells. Pitavastatin caused sub-G1- and G0/G1-phase arrest in Ca Ski and HeLa cells and sub-G1- and G2/M-phase arrest in C-33 A cells. Moreover, pitavastatin induced apoptosis via the activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), Bax and cleaved caspase 3; inactivated the expression of Bcl-2; and increased mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Furthermore, pitavastatin induced apoptosis and slowed the migration of all three cervical cell lines, mediated by the PI3K/AKT and MAPK (JNK, p38 and ERK1/2) pathways. Pitavastatin markedly inhibited tumor growth in vivo in a cancer cell-originated xenograft mouse model. Overall, our results identified pitavastatin as an anticancer agent for cervical cancer, which might be expanded to clinical use in the future.
Clinical Implications of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations and Targeted Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors—Recent Advances, Challenges and Future Prospects
Authors: Kowalczyk Adrian , Zarychta Julia , Lejman Monika , Latoch Eryk , Zawitkowska Joanna
Published: July 2024

Despite the better understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and improved patient survival in recent years, AML therapy still remains a clinical challenge. For this reason, it is important to search for new therapies that will enable the achievement of remission. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration approved three mutant IDH (mIDH) inhibitors for the treatment of AML. However, the use of mIDH inhibitors in monotherapy usually leads to the development of resistance and the subsequent recurrence of the cancer, despite the initial effectiveness of the therapy. A complete understanding of the mechanisms by which IDH mutations influence the development of leukemia, as well as the processes that enable resistance to mIDH inhibitors, may significantly improve the efficacy of this therapy through the use of an appropriate synergistic approach. The aim of this literature review is to present the role of IDH1/IDH2 mutations in the pathogenesis of AML and the results of clinical trials using mIDH1/IDH2 inhibitors in AML and to discuss the challenges related to the use of mIDH1/IDH2 inhibitors in practice and future prospects related to the potential methods of overcoming resistance to these agents.
A Secondary Analysis of the Complex Interplay between Psychopathology, Cognitive Functions, Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels, and Suicide in Psychotic Disorders: Data from a 2-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Paribello Pasquale , Manchia Mirko , Isayeva Ulker , Upali Marco , Orrù Davide , Pinna Federica , Collu Roberto , Primavera Diego , Deriu Luca , Caboni Edoardo , Iaselli Maria Novella , Sundas Davide , Tusconi Massimo , Scherma Maria , Pisanu Claudia , Meloni Anna , Zai Clement C. , Congiu Donatella , Squassina Alessio , Fratta Walter , Fadda Paola , Carpiniello Bernardo
Published: July 2024

Identifying phenotypes at high risk of suicidal behaviour is a relevant objective of clinical and translational research and can facilitate the identification of possible candidate biomarkers. We probed the potential association and eventual stability of neuropsychological profiles and serum BDNF concentrations with lifetime suicide ideation and attempts (LSI and LSA, respectively) in individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) and schizoaffective disorder (SCA) in a 2-year follow-up study. A secondary analysis was conducted on a convenience sample of previously recruited subjects from a single outpatient clinic. Retrospectively assessed LSI and LSA were recorded by analysing the available longitudinal clinical health records. LSI + LSA subjects consistently exhibited lower PANSS-defined negative symptoms and better performance in the BACS-letter fluency subtask. There was no significant association between BDNF levels and either LSI or LSA. We found a relatively stable pattern of lower negative symptoms over two years among patients with LSI and LSA. No significant difference in serum BDNF concentrations was detected. The translational viability of using neuropsychological profiles as a possible avenue for the identification of populations at risk for suicide behaviours rather than the categorical diagnosis represents a promising option but requires further confirmation.
BPA Exposure Affects Mouse Gastruloids Axial Elongation by Perturbing the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway
Authors: Rebuzzini Paola , Rustichelli Serena , Fassina Lorenzo , Canobbio Ilaria , Zuccotti Maurizio , Garagna Silvia
Published: July 2024

Mammalian embryos are very vulnerable to environmental toxicants (ETs) exposure. Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most diffused ETs, exerts endocrine-disrupting effects through estro-gen-mimicking and hormone-like properties, with detrimental health effects, including on reproduction. However, its impact during the peri-implantation stages is still unclear. This study, using gastruloids as a 3D stem cell-based in vitro model of embryonic development, showed that BPA exposure arrests their axial elongation when present during the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation period by β-catenin protein reduction. Gastruloid reshaping might have been impeded by the downregulation of Snail, Slug and Twist, known to suppress E-cadherin expression and to activate the N-cadherin gene, and by the low expression of the N-cadherin protein. Also, the lack of gastruloids elongation might be related to altered exit of BPA-exposed cells from the pluripotency condition and their following differentiation. In conclusion, here we show that the inhibition of gastruloids’ axial elongation by BPA might be the result of the concomitant Wnt/β-catenin perturbation, reduced N-cadherin expression and Oct4, T/Bra and Cdx2 altered patter expression, which all together concur in the impaired development of mouse gastruloids.
Effects of pH on the Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae on the Kidney: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Herrera-Espejo Soraya , Domínguez-Miranda José Luis , Rodríguez-Mogollo Juan Ignacio , Pachón Jerónimo , Cordero Elisa , Pachón-Ibáñez María Eugenia
Published: July 2024

Urine pH reflects the functional integrity of the body and may influence the virulence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, the main causes of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study evaluated the effects of acidic pH on the pathogenicity of uropathogenic E. coli and K. pneumoniae strains, in vitro and in vivo. Four uropathogenic E. coli and four K. pneumoniae strains were used. Biofilm formation, growth competition indices, motility, and adhesion and invasion of human renal cells were analyzed in media with acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH. A murine lower UTI model was used, with urine adjusted to acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH. At acidic pH, E. coli and K. pneumoniae exhibited higher bacterial concentrations in the kidneys and systemic symptoms, including bacteremia. Alkaline urine pH did not affect bacterial concentrations of any strain. In mice with UTIs caused by E. coli Nu14 and K. pneumoniae HUVR42 and acidic urine pH, histopathological studies of the kidneys showed acute inflammation affecting the urothelium and renal parenchyma, which are traits of acute pyelonephritis. These results indicate that acidic pH could increase the pathogenicity of E. coli and K. pneumoniae in murine models of lower UTI, promoting renal infection and acute inflammation.
Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications
Authors: Meza-Menchaca Thuluz , Albores-Medina Arnulfo , Heredia-Mendez Alma Jaqueline , Ruíz-May Eliel , Ricaño-Rodríguez Jorge , Gallegos-García Verónica , Esquivel Adriana , Vettoretti-Maldonado Giancarlo , Campos-Parra Alma D.
Published: July 2024

In light of the post-genomic era, epigenetics brings about an opportunity to better understand how the molecular machinery works and is led by a complex dynamic set of mechanisms, often intricate and complementary in many aspects. In particular, epigenetics links developmental biology and genetics, as well as many other areas of knowledge. The present work highlights substantial scopes and relevant discoveries related to the development of the term from its first notions. To our understanding, the concept of epigenetics needs to be revisited, as it is one of the most relevant and multifaceted terms in human knowledge. To redirect future novel experimental or theoretical efforts, it is crucial to compile all significant issues that could impact human and ecological benefit in the most precise and accurate manner. In this paper, the reader can find one of the widest compilations of the landmarks and epistemic considerations of the knowledge of epigenetics across the history of biology from the earliest epigenetic formulation to genetic determinism until the present. In the present work, we link the current body of knowledge and earlier pre-genomic concepts in order to propose a new definition of epigenetics that is faithful to its regulatory nature.
Variable Inhibition of DNA Unwinding Rates Catalyzed by the SARS-CoV-2 Helicase Nsp13 by Structurally Distinct Single DNA Lesions
Authors: Sales Ana H. , Fu Iwen , Durandin Alexander , Ciervo Sam , Lupoli Tania J. , Shafirovich Vladimir , Broyde Suse , Geacintov Nicholas E.
Published: July 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 helicase, non-structural protein 13 (Nsp13), plays an essential role in viral replication, translocating in the 5′ → 3′ direction as it unwinds double-stranded RNA/DNA. We investigated the impact of structurally distinct DNA lesions on DNA unwinding catalyzed by Nsp13. The selected lesions include two benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P)-derived dG adducts, the UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), and the pyrimidine (6–4) pyrimidone (6–4PP) photolesion. The experimentally observed unwinding rate constants (kobs) and processivities (P) were examined. Relative to undamaged DNA, the kobs values were diminished by factors of up to ~15 for B[a]P adducts but only by factors of ~2–5 for photolesions. A minor-groove-oriented B[a]P adduct showed the smallest impact on P, which decreased by ~11% compared to unmodified DNA, while an intercalated one reduced P by ~67%. However, the photolesions showed a greater impact on the processivities; notably, the CPD, with the highest kobs value, exhibited the lowest P, which was reduced by ~90%. Our findings thus show that DNA unwinding efficiencies are lesion-dependent and most strongly inhibited by the CPD, leading to the conclusion that processivity is a better measure of DNA lesions’ inhibitory effects than unwinding rate constants.
Non-Invasive Diagnostic Approach for Diabetes Using Pulse Wave Analysis and Deep Learning
Authors: Gunathilaka Hiruni , Rajapaksha Rumesh , Kumarika Thosini , Perera Dinusha , Herath Uditha , Jayathilaka Charith , Liyanage Janitha , Kalingamudali Sudath
Published: July 2024

The surging prevalence of diabetes globally necessitates advancements in non-invasive diagnostics, particularly for the early detection of cardiovascular anomalies associated with the condition. This study explores the efficacy of Pulse Wave Analysis (PWA) for distinguishing diabetic from non-diabetic individuals through morphological examination of pressure pulse waveforms. The research unfolds in four phases: data accrual, preprocessing, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model construction, and performance evaluation. Data were procured using a multipara patient monitor, resulting in 2000 pulse waves equally divided between healthy individuals and those with diabetes. These were used to train, validate, and test three distinct CNN architectures: the conventional CNN, Visual Geometry Group (VGG16), and Residual Networks (ResNet18). The accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score gauged each model’s proficiency. The CNN demonstrated a training accuracy of 82.09% and a testing accuracy of 80.6%. The VGG16, with its deeper structure, surpassed the baseline with training and testing accuracies of 90.2% and 86.57%, respectively. ResNet18 excelled, achieving a training accuracy of 92.50% and a testing accuracy of 92.00%, indicating its robustness in pattern recognition within pulse wave data. Deploying deep learning for diabetes screening marks progress, suggesting clinical use and future studies on bigger datasets for refinement.
Bactericidal Effect of Different Photochemical-Based Therapy Options on Implant Surfaces—An In Vitro Study
Authors: Wenzler Johannes-Simon , Wurzel Svenja Caroline , Falk Wolfgang , Böcher Sarah , Wurzel Piet Palle , Braun Andreas
Published: July 2024

Objectives: Photochemical systems are frequently recommended as an adjuvant treatment option in peri-implantitis therapy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of these treatment options, as well as a novel curcumin-based option, in a biofilm model on implants. Methods: Eighty dental implants were inoculated with an artificial biofilm of periodontal pathogens and placed in peri-implant pocket models. The following groups were analyzed: I, photodynamic therapy (PDT); II, PDT dye; III, curcumin/DMSO + laser; IV, curcumin/DMSO only; V, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) only; VI, photothermal therapy (PTT); VII, PTT dye; VIII, control. After treatment, remaining bacterial loads were assessed microbiologically using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: The PDT, PTT, and DMSO treatment methods were associated with statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvements in germ reduction in comparison with the other methods and the untreated control group. The mean percentage reductions were as follows: I (PDT) 93.9%, II (PDT dye) 62.9%, III (curcumin/DMSO + laser) 74.8%, IV (curcumin/DMSO only) 67.9%, V (DMSO) 89.4%, VI (PTT) 86.8%, and VII (PTT dye) 66.3%. Conclusions: The commercially available PDT and PTT adjuvant treatment systems were associated with the largest statistically significant reduction in periopathogenic bacteria on implant surfaces. However, activation with laser light at a suitable wavelength is necessary to achieve the bactericidal effects. The use of curcumin as a photosensitizer for 445 nm laser irradiation did not lead to any improvement in antibacterial efficacy in comparison with rinsing with DMSO solution alone.
The Effectiveness of Treating Osgood–Schlatter Disease (OSD) with Leukocyte-Rich Platelet-Rich Plasma (LR-PRP) Depending on the Duration of the Disease
Authors: Guszczyn Tomasz , Kulesza Monika , Maciąg Grzegorz , Kicman Aleksandra , Ławicki Sławomir
Published: July 2024

Background: Osgood–Schlatter disease (OSD) occurs mainly in physically active adolescents, causing significant physical activity restrictions. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of treating OSD with leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (LR-PRP) depending on the duration of the disease and to attempt to develop an alternative treatment method to the currently used conservative therapy. Methods: Treatment efficacy was evaluated using the VAS, Tegner, Lysholm, and KOOS scales. Subject satisfaction, return to sports activity, potential adverse effects, and X-ray evaluation were likewise used to assess the success of the procedure. Results: Analysis across all scales showed statistically significant treatment effectiveness with LR-PRP in both groups of patients. When comparing the two groups, significantly better treatment outcomes were achieved in the acute phase of OSD. Treatment satisfaction in the acute OSD group was 95%, compared to 64% in the chronic group. The MCID value after LR-PRP injection in acute OSD compared to chronic OSD reached 100% vs. 81% on the VAS scale, 95.5% vs. 55% on the Tegner scale, 95% vs. 47% on the Lysholm scale and 91% vs. 27% on the KOOS scale. No adverse effects were recorded in either group. Conclusions: The high efficacy of LR-PRP treatment in patients with acute OSD, in correlation with high safety, as well as rapid and lasting results, can be an effective and beneficial alternative to conservative treatment. This single procedure seems particularly justified in a group of young professional athletes, where absence from training can lead to serious consequences.
From Biomechanical Properties to Morphological Variations: Exploring the Interplay between Aortic Valve Cuspidity and Ascending Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Brecs Ivars , Skuja Sandra , Kasyanov Vladimir , Groma Valerija , Kalejs Martins , Svirskis Simons , Ozolanta Iveta , Stradins Peteris
Published: July 2024

Background: This research explores the biomechanical and structural characteristics of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (ATAAs), focusing on the differences between bicuspid aortic valve aneurysms (BAV-As) and tricuspid aortic valve aneurysms (TAV-As) with non-dilated aortas to identify specific traits of ATAAs. Methods: Clinical characteristics, laboratory indices, and imaging data from 26 adult patients operated on for aneurysms (BAV-A: n = 12; TAV-A: n = 14) and 13 controls were analyzed. Biomechanical parameters (maximal aortic diameter, strain, and stress) and structural analyses (collagen fiber organization, density, fragmentation, adipocyte deposits, and immune cell infiltration) were assessed. Results: Significant differences in biomechanical parameters were observed. Median maximal strain was 40.0% (control), 63.4% (BAV-A), and 45.3% (TAV-A); median maximal stress was 0.59 MPa (control), 0.78 MPa (BAV-A), and 0.48 MPa (TAV-A). BAV-A showed higher tangential modulus and smaller diameter, with substantial collagen fragmentation (p < 0.001 vs. TAV and controls). TAV-A exhibited increased collagen density (p = 0.025), thickening between media and adventitia layers, and disorganized fibers (p = 0.036). BAV-A patients had elevated adipocyte deposits and immune cell infiltration. Conclusions: This study highlights distinct pathological profiles associated with different valve anatomies. BAV-A is characterized by smaller diameters, higher biomechanical stress, and significant collagen deterioration, underscoring the necessity for tailored clinical strategies for effective management of thoracic aortic aneurysm.
Intraoperative Hearing Monitoring Using ABR and TT-ECochG and Hearing Preservation during Vestibular Schwannoma Resection
Authors: Niemczyk Kazimierz , Pobożny Izabela , Bartoszewicz Robert , Morawski Krzysztof
Published: July 2024

Background: Quick and appropriate diagnostics and the use of intraoperative monitoring (IM) of hearing during vestibular schwannoma (VS) resection increase the likelihood of hearing preservation. During surgery, various methods of IM can be used, i.e., auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), transtympanic electrocochleography (TT-ECochG), and direct cochlear nerve action potentials. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic values of IM of hearing using ABR and TT-ECochG in predicting postoperative hearing preservation and to evaluate relationships between them during various stages of surgery. Methods: This retrospective study presents the pre- and postoperative audiological test results and IM of hearing records (TT-ECochG and ABR) in 75 (43 women, 32 men, aged 18–69) patients with diagnosed VS. Results: The preoperative pure tone average hearing threshold was 25.02 dB HL, while after VS resection, it worsened on average by 30.03 dB HL. According to the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO—HNS) Hearing Classification, before and after (pre/post) surgery, there were 47/24 patients in hearing class A, 9/8 in B, 2/1 in C, and 17/42 in D. In speech audiometry, the average preoperative speech discrimination score at an intensity of 60 dB SPL was 70.93%, and after VS resection, it worsened to 38.93%. The analysis of electrophysiological tests showed that before the tumor removal the I–V ABR interlatencies was 5.06 ms, and after VS resection, it was 6.43 ms. Conclusions: The study revealed correlations between worse postoperative hearing and changes in intraoperatively measured ABR and TT-ECochG. IM of hearing is very useful in predicting postoperative hearing in VS patients and increases the chance of postoperative hearing preservation in these patients.
The Interplay between Motivational, Affective Factors and Cognitive Factors in Learning: Editorial
Authors: Jansen Brenda R. J.
Published: July 2024

Academic success is assumed to be both the start and outcome of a cycle in which affect, motivation, and effort strengthen each other (Vu et al [...]
Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Light Field-Guided Rendering Network
Authors: Yeh Chia-Hung , Lai Yu-Wei , Lin Yu-Yang , Chen Mei-Juan , Wang Chua-Chin
Published: July 2024

Underwater images often encounter challenges such as attenuation, color distortion, and noise caused by artificial lighting sources. These imperfections not only degrade image quality but also impose constraints on related application tasks. Improving underwater image quality is crucial for underwater activities. However, obtaining clear underwater images has been a challenge, because scattering and blur hinder the rendering of true underwater colors, affecting the accuracy of underwater exploration. Therefore, this paper proposes a new deep network model for single underwater image enhancement. More specifically, our framework includes a light field module (LFM) and sketch module, aiming at the generation of a light field map of the target image for improving the color representation and preserving the details of the original image by providing contour information. The restored underwater image is gradually enhanced, guided by the light field map. The experimental results show the better image restoration effectiveness, both quantitatively and qualitatively, of the proposed method with a lower (or comparable) computing cost, compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.
A Robust Sparse Sensor Placement Strategy Based on Indicators of Noise for Ocean Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Qiannan , Wu Huafeng , Liang Li’nian , Mei Xiaojun , Xian Jiangfeng , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: July 2024

A well-performing data-driven sparse sensor deployment strategy is critical for marine monitoring systems, as it enables the optimal reconstruction of marine physical quantities with fewer sensors. However, ocean data typically contain substantial amounts of noise, including outliers (incomplete data) and inherent measurement noise, which heightens the complexity of sensor deployment. Therefore, this study optimizes the sparse sensor placement model by establishing noise indicators, including small noise weight and large noise weight, which are measured by entropy to minimize the prediction bias. Building on this, a robust sparse sensor placement algorithm is proposed, which utilizes the block coordinate update (BCU) iteration method to solve the function. During the iterative updating process, the proposed algorithm simultaneously updates the selection matrix, reconstruction matrix, and noise matrix. This allows for effective identification and mitigation of noise in the data through evaluation. Consequently, the deployed sensors achieve superior reconstruction performance compared to other deployment methods that do not incorporate noise evaluation. Experiments are also conducted on datasets of sea surface temperature (SST) and global ocean salinity, which demonstrate that our strategy significantly outperforms several other considered methods in terms of reconstruction accuracy while enabling autonomous sensor deployment under noisy conditions.
Repeated Sieving for Prediction Model Building with High-Dimensional Data
Authors: Liu Lu , Jung Sin-Ho
Published: July 2024

Background: The prediction of patients’ outcomes is a key component in personalized medicine. Oftentimes, a prediction model is developed using a large number of candidate predictors, called high-dimensional data, including genomic data, lab tests, electronic health records, etc. Variable selection, also called dimension reduction, is a critical step in developing a prediction model using high-dimensional data. Methods: In this paper, we compare the variable selection and prediction performance of popular machine learning (ML) methods with our proposed method. LASSO is a popular ML method that selects variables by imposing an L1-norm penalty to the likelihood. By this approach, LASSO selects features based on the size of regression estimates, rather than their statistical significance. As a result, LASSO can miss significant features while it is known to over-select features. Elastic net (EN), another popular ML method, tends to select even more features than LASSO since it uses a combination of L1- and L2-norm penalties that is less strict than an L1-norm penalty. Insignificant features included in a fitted prediction model act like white noises, so that the fitted model will lose prediction accuracy. Furthermore, for the future use of a fitted prediction model, we have to collect the data of all the features included in the model, which will cost a lot and possibly lower the accuracy of the data if the number of features is too many. Therefore, we propose an ML method, called repeated sieving, extending the standard regression methods with stepwise variable selection. By selecting features based on their statistical significance, it resolves the over-selection issue with high-dimensional data. Results: Through extensive numerical studies and real data examples, our results show that the repeated sieving method selects far fewer features than LASSO and EN, but has higher prediction accuracy than the existing ML methods. Conclusions: We conclude that our repeated sieving method performs well in both variable selection and prediction, and it saves the cost of future investigation on the selected factors.
Factors Influencing Sustainable Poverty Reduction: A Systematic Review of the Literature with a Microfinance Perspective
Authors: Fonseca Salvador , Moreira António , Mota Jorge
Published: July 2024

This research examined factors that help microfinance achieve sustained poverty reduction based on a systematic literature review (SLR). A search was conducted on the SCOPUS database up to December 2023. After analyzing hundreds of documents, a subset of 30 articles was subject to in-depth analysis, exploring factors and corresponding measurement indicators for sustainable poverty reduction in microfinance contexts. This article emphasizes that sustained poverty reduction is a gradual process requiring ongoing efforts from both Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) and governments. Two key success factors are empowering borrowers and ensuring the microfinance programs themselves are profitable. When implemented in an integrated and coordinated manner, these factors can empower individuals to escape poverty by fostering self-employment and income generation, ultimately reducing dependence on external support. Additionally, the study highlights the role of personality traits in influencing long-term entrepreneurial success. The findings provide valuable tools for MFIs and policymakers. MFIs gain a practical framework to guide their interventions towards sustained poverty reduction. Policymakers can leverage the identified factors and indicators when designing and implementing microfinance policies with a long-term focus on poverty alleviation. This study breaks new ground by presenting an operational framework that categorizes and integrates two critical factor groups: empowerment and beneficiary profitability. Furthermore, it links these factors to corresponding measurement indicators within a unified framework, enabling a more holistic assessment of poverty reduction efforts.
Neglected and Peripheral Spaces: Challenges of Socioeconomic Marginalization in a South Carpathian Area
Authors: Dragan Alexandru , Crețan Remus , Lungu Mihaela Ancuța
Published: July 2024

There has been a debate recently on how the population in traditional mining areas of Central and Eastern Europe faces precarity and marginalization. A spatial approach was employed in a Romanian context using available statistical data on a south Carpathian area (i.e., Gorj County). We also conducted surveys and in-depth interviews with residents in one of the rural communities of Gorj. Our findings highlight that a large number of rural localities in this county are technically, economically, and socially underdeveloped. Many inhabitants face a lack of financial resources and employment opportunities, which has led to the emigration of young people to larger Romanian cities or to other countries. We conclude that in order to avoid a much deeper social and spatial marginalization of local inhabitants, an integrated strategy is needed to target economic and social development, investment in infrastructure and public services, the promotion of employment and training opportunities, and to better integrate local culture and traditions into tourism.
The Current Role of Single-Site Robotic Approach in Liver Resection: A Systematic Review
Authors: Guadagni Simone , Comandatore Annalisa , Furbetta Niccolò , Di Franco Gregorio , Bechini Bianca , Vagelli Filippo , Ramacciotti Niccolò , Palmeri Matteo , Di Candio Giulio , Giovannetti Elisa , Morelli Luca
Published: July 2024

Background: Liver resection is a critical surgical procedure for treating various hepatic pathologies. Minimally invasive approaches have gradually gained importance, and, in recent years, the introduction of robotic surgery has transformed the surgical landscape, providing potential advantages such as enhanced precision and stable ergonomic vision. Among robotic techniques, the single-site approach has garnered increasing attention due to its potential to minimize surgical trauma and improve cosmetic outcomes. However, the full extent of its utility and efficacy in liver resection has yet to be thoroughly explored. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive systematic review to evaluate the current role of the single-site robotic approach in liver resection. A detailed search of PubMed was performed to identify relevant studies published up to January 2024. Eligible studies were critically appraised, and data concerning surgical outcomes, perioperative parameters, and post-operative complications were extracted and analyzed. Results: Our review synthesizes evidence from six studies, encompassing a total of seven cases undergoing robotic single-site hepatic resection (SSHR) using various versions of the da Vinci© system. Specifically, the procedures included five left lateral segmentectomy, one right hepatectomy, and one caudate lobe resection. We provide a summary of the surgical techniques, indications, selection criteria, and outcomes associated with this approach. Conclusion: The single-site robotic approach represents an option among the minimally invasive approaches in liver surgery. However, although the feasibility has been demonstrated, further studies are needed to elucidate its optimal utilization, long-term outcomes, and comparative effectiveness against the other techniques. This systematic review provides valuable insights into the current state of single-site robotic liver resection and underscores the need for continued research in this rapidly evolving field.
Neonatal Gut Mycobiome: Immunity, Diversity of Fungal Strains, and Individual and Non-Individual Factors
Authors: Mpakosi Alexandra , Sokou Rozeta , Theodoraki Martha , Kaliouli-Antonopoulou Christiana
Published: July 2024

The human gastrointestinal ecosystem, or microbiome (comprising the total bacterial genome in an environment), plays a crucial role in influencing host physiology, immune function, metabolism, and the gut–brain axis. While bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea are all present in the gastrointestinal ecosystem, research on the human microbiome has predominantly focused on the bacterial component. The colonization of the human intestine by microbes during the first two years of life significantly impacts subsequent composition and diversity, influencing immune system development and long-term health. Early-life exposure to pathogens is crucial for establishing immunological memory and acquired immunity. Factors such as maternal health habits, delivery mode, and breastfeeding duration contribute to gut dysbiosis. Despite fungi’s critical role in health, particularly for vulnerable newborns, research on the gut mycobiome in infants and children remains limited. Understanding early-life factors shaping the gut mycobiome and its interactions with other microbial communities is a significant research challenge. This review explores potential factors influencing the gut mycobiome, microbial kingdom interactions, and their connections to health outcomes from childhood to adulthood. We identify gaps in current knowledge and propose future research directions in this complex field.
Crystallization of Metallic Glasses and Supercooled Liquids
Authors: Louzguine-Luzgin Dmitri V.
Published: July 2024

This is an overview of recent findings on the structural changes observed upon heating, including crystallization processes in conventional metallic glasses, bulk metallic glasses, and their corresponding supercooled liquids. This paper encapsulates the various crystallization behaviors in metallic glasses by primary, eutectic, and polymorphous mechanisms, highlighting the complexity and diversity of the nucleation and growth mechanisms involved. Mechanically induced room-temperature crystallization is also discussed.
Underwater Electrochemical Offshore Tests of a Paint Coating Applied in Water on the Legs of an Oil Production Platform
Authors: Orlikowski Juliusz , Żakowski Krzysztof , Szociński Michał , Igliński Piotr , Jażdżewska Agata , Gaweł Łukasz
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the methodology developed for underwater measurements using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique, aimed at determining the resistance of an epoxy coating applied in seawater to the legs of an oil production platform. Performing such underwater tests in an offshore environment was technically challenging. The results of measurements obtained on the platform were confronted with comparative results obtained in the laboratory, where the properties of the coating applied in water collected from the Baltic Sea (thickness, hardness, adhesion, and electrical resistance) were examined. This made it possible to conclude about the correctness of the paint coating application by divers on the legs of the platform. The single-layer epoxy coating applied by brush to the platform legs had a resistance above 10 kΩ∙cm2 and thus met the assumed minimum resistance of the protective coating cooperating with cathodic protection as the anti-corrosion protection system of the platform legs. The synergy of these two technologies ensures full protection of offshore structures against corrosion. Measurements of the potential of the platform legs confirmed this. Before painting, the potential value at a depth of 0–15 m was 310 ÷ 320 mV versus the zinc reference electrode, while after painting the potential value decreased to 220 ÷ 240 mV, which means that the effect of full cathodic protection was achieved and the platform legs were protected from corrosion. The developed methodology for underwater EIS measurements on the high seas can be applied to any underwater metal structure to assess the quality of protective coatings.
The Coupled Wing Morphing of Ornithopters Improves Attitude Control and Agile Flight
Authors: Cai Yu , Su Guangfa , Zhao Jiannan , Feng Shuang
Published: July 2024

Bird wings are exquisite mechanisms integrated with multiple morphological deformation joints. The larger avian species are particularly adept at utilizing their wings’ flapping, folding, and twisting motions to control the wing angle and area. These motions mainly involve different types of spanwise folding and chordwise twisting. It is wondered whether the agile maneuverability of birds is based on the complex coupling of these wing morphing changes. To investigate this issue, we designed a two-section wing structure ornithopter capable of simultaneously controlling both spanwise folding and chordwise twisting and applied it to research on heading control. The experimental data collected from outdoor flights describe the differing flight capabilities between the conventional and two-section active twist wing states, indicating that incorporating an active twist structure enhances the agility and maneuverability of this novel flapping aircraft. In the experiments on yaw control, we observed some peculiar phenomena: although the twisting motion of the active twist ornithopter wings resembles that of a fixed-wing aileron control, due to the intricate coupling of the wing flapping and folding, the ornithopter, under the control of active twist structures, exhibited a yaw direction opposite to the expected direction (directly applying the logic assumed by the fixed-wing aileron control). Addressing this specific phenomenon, we provide a plausible model explanation. In summary, our study with active twist mechanisms on ornithopters corroborates the positive impact of active deformation on their attitude agility, which is beneficial for the design of similar bio-inspired aircraft in the future.
Investigation of the Electrical Impedance Signal Behavior in Rolling Element Bearings as a New Approach for Damage Detection
Authors: Becker-Dombrowsky Florian Michael , Schink Johanna , Frischmuth Julian , Kirchner Eckhard
Published: July 2024

The opportunities of impedance-based condition monitoring for rolling bearings have been shown earlier by the authors: Changes in the impedance signal and the derived features enable the detection of pitting damages. Localizing and measuring the pitting length in the raceway direction is possible. Furthermore, the changes in features behavior are physically explainable. These investigations were focused on a single bearing type and only one load condition. Different bearing types and load angles were not considered yet. Thus, the impedance signals and their features of different bearing types under different load angles are investigated and compared. The signals are generated in fatigue tests on a rolling bearing test rig with conventional integrated vibration analysis based on structural borne sound. The rolling bearing impedance is gauged using an alternating current measurement bridge. Significant changes in the vibration signals mark the end of the fatigue tests. Therefore, comparing the response time of the impedance can be compared to the vibration signal response time. It can be shown that the rolling bearing impedance is an instrument for condition monitoring, independently from the bearing type. In case of pure radial loads, explicit changes in the impedance signal are detectable, which indicate a pitting damage. Under combined loads, the signal changes are detectable as well, but not as significant as under radial load. Damage-indicating signal changes occur later compared to pure radial loads, but nevertheless enable an early detection. Therefore, the rolling bearing impedance is an instrument for pitting damage detection, independently from bearing type and load angle.
Topology Analysis and Structural Optimization of Air Suspension Mechanical-Vibration-Reduction Wheels
Authors: Meng Xiao , Feng Xianying , Liu Peihua , Sun Xinhua
Published: July 2024

This paper designs a kind of air suspension mechanical-vibration-reduction wheel for mining engineering vehicles; the research work on topology analysis and the structural optimization of the inner and outer rims are carried out with this wheel as the research object. Using Workbench finite-element analysis software, taking the results of static analysis and modal analysis of the two as constraints, a variety of structural improvement styles are obtained through a topology analysis method and compared and verified, and a more reasonable improvement result is selected and assembled into a whole wheel for final analysis and verification. The results show that the optimization results of the wheel still meet the design’s load-bearing requirements, and the weight is lighter; the topology analysis results are ideal.
Impact of the Different Molecular Weights of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Coating Agents on the Magnetic Targeting Characteristics of Functionalized Magnetoresponsive Nanoclusters
Authors: Bernad Sandor I. , Bunge Alexander , Ioncica Maria C. , Turcu Rodica , Dan Monica , Socoliuc Vlad , Susan-Resiga Daniela , Bernad Elena S.
Published: July 2024

In this article, we investigated the influence of molecular weight (Mw) on particle deposition efficiency after PEG-functionalized (polyethylene glycol-PEG) magnetoresponsive magnetic cluster targeting. In this work, the clusters were obtained by the solvothermal polyol method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a coating agent. So, we investigated three kinds of magnetoresponsive clusters: MNC-2000, MNC-6000, and MNC-10,000. These clusters were coated with PEG, and had molecular weights (Mw) of 2000 Da, 6000 Da, and 10,000 Da, respectively. The authors propose that the key to achieving maximum efficiency in targeted drug delivery is to deposit a thin, uniform layer of medication that covers the vascular wall in the area of interest. We defined a set of efficiency criteria to focus on the most essential characteristics of the targeting results. These are the obstruction degree, which measures the level of vessel obstruction; the magnet coverage degree, which evaluates the quality of particle deposition along the vessel wall; and the proximal deposition degree, which assesses the effect of pulsatile flow on deposition length. We performed several tests to determine how molecular weight affected these efficiency parameters. These tests examined (a) the effect of the injected cluster quantities, (b) the effect of the magnet distance, and (c) the effect of the injection period. Our findings indicate that an increase in PEG’s molar weight significantly impacts magnetic particle targeting efficiency.
Innovative Methods of Constructing Strict and Strong Fuzzy Negations, Fuzzy Implications and New Classes of Copulas
Authors: Mangenakis Panagiotis Georgiou , Papadopoulos Basil
Published: July 2024

This paper presents new classes of strong fuzzy negations, fuzzy implications and Copulas. It begins by presenting two theorems with function classes involving the construction of strong fuzzy negations. These classes are based on a well-known equilibrium point theorem. After that, a construction of fuzzy implication is presented, which is not based on any negation. Finally, moving on to the area concerning copulas, we present proof about the third property of copulas. To conclude, we will present two original constructions of copulas. All the above constructions are motivated by a specific formula. For some specific conditions of the variables x, y and other conditions for the function f(x), the formula presented produces strict and strong fuzzy negations, fuzzy implications and copulas.