bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ZnO nanoparticles act as supportive therapy in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by maintaining gut homeostasis and activating Nrf2 signaling
Authors: Li Jinquan , Chen Hanqing , Wang Bing , Cai Chengxu , Yang Xu , Chai Zhifang , Feng Weiyue
Published: February 2017

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are widespread inflammatory diseases that cause debilitating health problems including cancer. In this study, we show that ZnO nanoparticle (ZnONP) treatment has markedly dose-dependent effects on the remission of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. We demonstrate the mechanism involves the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities of ZnONPs to suppress ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) production; increase GSH level; suppress proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and myeloperoxidase (MPO). The ZnONP treatment is able to activate the Nrf2 pathway in the cellular antioxidant defense system. The novel finding is that ZnONP combined with mesalazine (5-ASA) can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of 5-ASA in the treatment of DSS-induced colitis. Lastly, we found that ZnONP treatment can restore the changes in special colonic bacteria of DSS-mice while the drug 5-ASA cannot. These results indicate that ZnONPs can act as a medical additive for the therapy of IBD.
Quantum control of spin-nematic squeezing in a dipolar spin-1 condensate
Authors: Huang Yixiao , Xiong Heng-Na , Yang Yang , Hu Zheng-Da , Xi Zhengjun
Published: February 2017

Versatile controllability of interactions and magnetic field in ultracold atomic gases ha now reached an era where spin mixing dynamics and spin-nematic squeezing can be studied. Recent experiments have realized spin-nematic squeezed vacuum and dynamic stabilization following a quench through a quantum phase transition. Here we propose a scheme for storage of maximal spin-nematic squeezing, with its squeezing angle maintained in a fixed direction, in a dipolar spin-1 condensate by applying a microwave pulse at a time that maximal squeezing occurs. The dynamic stabilization of the system is achieved by manipulating the external periodic microwave pulses. The stability diagram for the range of pulse periods and phase shifts that stabilize the dynamics is numerical simulated and agrees with a stability analysis. Moreover, the stability range coincides well with the spin-nematic vacuum squeezed region which indicates that the spin-nematic squeezed vacuum will never disappear as long as the spin dynamics are stabilized.
Epitopes of anti-RIFIN antibodies and characterization of rif-expressing Plasmodium falciparum parasites by RNA sequencing
Authors: Ch’ng Jun-Hong , Sirel Madle , Zandian Arash , del Pilar Quintana Maria , Chun Leung Chan Sherwin , Moll Kirsten , Tellgren-Roth Asa , Nilsson IngMarie , Nilsson Peter , Qundos Ulrika , Wahlgren Mats
Published: February 2017

Variable surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum have been a major research focus since they facilitate parasite sequestration and give rise to deadly malaria complications. Coupled with its potential use as a vaccine candidate, the recent suggestion that the repetitive interspersed families of polypeptides (RIFINs) mediate blood group A rosetting and influence blood group distribution has raised the research profile of these adhesins. Nevertheless, detailed investigations into the functions of this highly diverse multigene family remain hampered by the limited number of validated reagents. In this study, we assess the specificities of three promising polyclonal anti-RIFIN antibodies that were IgG-purified from sera of immunized animals. Their epitope regions were mapped using a 175,000-peptide microarray holding overlapping peptides of the P. falciparum variable surface antigens. Through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence imaging, we show that different antibodies give varying results in different applications/assays. Finally, we authenticate the antibody-based detection of RIFINs in two previously uncharacterized non-rosetting parasite lines by identifying the dominant rif transcripts using RNA sequencing.
Spray-drying process preserves the protective capacity of a breast milk-derived Bifidobacterium lactis strain on acute and chronic colitis in mice
Authors: Burns Patricia , Alard Jeanne , Hrdỳ Jiri , Boutillier Denise , Páez Roxana , Reinheimer Jorge , Pot Bruno , Vinderola Gabriel , Grangette Corinne
Published: February 2017

Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a central role in the development and perpetuation of chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and therefore is key target for interventions with high quality and functional probiotics. The local production of stable probiotic formulations at limited cost is considered an advantage as it reduces transportation cost and time, thereby increasing the effective period at the consumer side. In the present study, we compared the anti-inflammatory capacities of theBifidobacterium animalissubsp.lactis (B. lactis) INL1, a probiotic strain isolated in Argentina from human breast milk, with the commercial strainB. animalissubsp.lactisBB12. The impact of spray-drying, a low-cost alternative of bacterial dehydration, on the functionality of both bifidobacteria was also investigated. We showed for both bacteria that the spray-drying process did not impact on bacterial survival nor on their protective capacities against acute and chronic colitis in mice, opening future perspectives for the use of strain INL1 in populations with IBD.
Micro RNAs and DNA methylation are regulatory players in human cells with altered X chromosome to autosome balance
Authors: Rajpathak Shriram N. , Deobagkar Deepti D.
Published: February 2017

The gene balance hypothesis predicts that an imbalance in the dosage sensitive genes affects the cascade of gene networks that may influence the fitness of individuals. The phenotypes associated with chromosomal aneuploidies demonstrate the importance of gene dosage balance. We have employed untransformed human fibroblast cells with different number of X chromosomes to assess the expression of miRNAs and autosomal genes in addition to the DNA methylation status. High throughput NGS analysis using illumina Next seq500 has detected several autosomal as well as X linked miRNAs as differentially expressed in X monosomy and trisomy cells. Two of these miRNAs (hsa-miR-125a-5p and 335-5p) are likely to be involved in regulation of the autosomal gene expression. Additionally, our data demonstrates altered expression and DNA methylation signatures of autosomal genes in X monosomy and trisomy cells. In addition to miRNAs, expression of DNMT1 which is an important epigenetic player involved in many processes including cancer, is seen to be altered. Overall, present study provides a proof for regulatory roles of micro RNAs and DNA methylation in human X aneuploidy cells opening up possible new ways for designing therapeutic strategies.
Variability in sea ice cover and climate elicit sex specific responses in an Antarctic predator
Authors: Labrousse Sara , Sallée Jean-Baptiste , Fraser Alexander D. , Massom Rob A. , Reid Phillip , Hobbs William , Guinet Christophe , Harcourt Robert , McMahon Clive , Authier Matthieu , Bailleul Frédéric , Hindell Mark A. , Charrassin Jean-Benoit
Published: February 2017

Contrasting regional changes in Southern Ocean sea ice have occurred over the last 30 years with distinct regional effects on ecosystem structure and function. Quantifying how Antarctic predators respond to such changes provides the context for predicting how climate variability/change will affect these assemblages into the future. Over an 11-year time-series, we examine how inter-annual variability in sea ice concentration and advance affect the foraging behaviour of a top Antarctic predator, the southern elephant seal. Females foraged longer in pack ice in years with greatest sea ice concentration and earliest sea ice advance, while males foraged longer in polynyas in years of lowest sea ice concentration. There was a positive relationship between near-surface meridional wind anomalies and female foraging effort, but not for males. This study reveals the complexities of foraging responses to climate forcing by a poleward migratory predator through varying sea ice property and dynamic anomalies.
Bio-inspired benchmark generator for extracellular multi-unit recordings
Authors: Mondragón-González Sirenia Lizbeth , Burguière Eric
Published: February 2017

The analysis of multi-unit extracellular recordings of brain activity has led to the development of numerous tools, ranging from signal processing algorithms to electronic devices and applications. Currently, the evaluation and optimisation of these tools are hampered by the lack of ground-truth databases of neural signals. These databases must be parameterisable, easy to generate and bio-inspired, i.e. containing features encountered in real electrophysiological recording sessions. Towards that end, this article introduces an original computational approach to create fully annotated and parameterised benchmark datasets, generated from the summation of three components: neural signals from compartmental models and recorded extracellular spikes, non-stationary slow oscillations, and a variety of different types of artefacts. We present three application examples. (1) We reproduced in-vivo extracellular hippocampal multi-unit recordings from either tetrode or polytrode designs. (2) We simulated recordings in two different experimental conditions: anaesthetised and awake subjects. (3) Last, we also conducted a series of simulations to study the impact of different level of artefacts on extracellular recordings and their influence in the frequency domain. Beyond the results presented here, such a benchmark dataset generator has many applications such as calibration, evaluation and development of both hardware and software architectures.
Hyodeoxycholic acid derivatives as liver X receptor α and G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor agonists
Authors: De Marino Simona , Carino Adriana , Masullo Dario , Finamore Claudia , Marchianò Silvia , Cipriani Sabrina , Di Leva Francesco Saverio , Catalanotti Bruno , Novellino Ettore , Limongelli Vittorio , Fiorucci Stefano , Zampella Angela
Published: February 2017

Bile acids are extensively investigated for their potential in the treatment of human disorders. The liver X receptors (LXRs), activated by oxysterols and by a secondary bile acid named hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), have been found essential in the regulation of lipid homeostasis in mammals. Unfortunately, LXRα activates lipogenic enzymes causing accumulation of lipid in the liver. In addition to LXRs, HDCA has been also shown to function as ligand for GPBAR1, a G protein coupled receptor for secondary bile acids whose activation represents a promising approach to liver steatosis. In the present study, we report a library of HDCA derivatives endowed with modulatory activity on the two receptors. The lead optimization of HDCA moiety was rationally driven by the structural information on the binding site of the two targets and results from pharmacological characterization allowed the identification of hyodeoxycholane derivatives with selective agonistic activity toward LXRα and GPBAR1 and notably to the identification of the first example of potent dual LXRα/GPBAR1 agonists. The new chemical entities might hold utility in the treatment of dyslipidemic disorders.
The Roles of Dopamine D2 Receptor in the Social Hierarchy of Rodents and Primates
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshie , Lee Young-A. , Kato Akemi , Jas Emanuel , Goto Yukiori
Published: February 2017

Dopamine (DA) plays significant roles in regulation of social behavior. In social groups of humans and other animals, social hierarchy exists, which is determined by several behavioral characteristics such as aggression and impulsivity as well as social affiliations. In this study, we investigated the effects of pharmacological blockade of DA D2 receptor on social hierarchy of Japanese macaque and mouse social groups. We found acute administration of the D2 antagonist, sulpiride, in socially housed Japanese macaques attenuated social dominance when the drug was given to high social class macaques. A similar attenuation of social dominance was observed in high social class mice with D2 antagonist administration. In contrast, D2 antagonist administration in low social class macaque resulted in more stable social hierarchy of the group, whereas such effect was not observed in mouse social group. These results suggest that D2 receptor signaling may play important roles in establishment and maintenance of social hierarchy in social groups of several species of animals.
Effects of nanostructured biosilica on rice plant mechanics
Authors: Sato Kanako , Ozaki Noriaki , Nakanishi Kazuki , Sugahara Yoshiyuki , Oaki Yuya , Salinas Christopher , Herrera Steven , Kisailus David , Imai Hiroaki
Published: February 2017

The mechanical properties of biosilicas in rice plants originate from their nanostructures, which can be customized for their intended purpose.
The rheological characteristics for the mixtures of cationic surfactant and anionic–nonionic surfactants: the role of ethylene oxide moieties
Authors: Zhang Liming , Kang Wanli , Xu Derong , Feng Haishun , Zhang Pengyi , Li Zhe , Lu Yao , Wu Hairong
Published: February 2017

Ethylene oxide moieties in various numbers regulate the rheological characteristics of anionic–nonionic/cationic surfactants solutions by affecting the molecular self-assembly.
Isatin thiosemicarbazones promote honeycomb structure formation in spin-coated polymer films: concentration effect and release studies
Authors: Fernández-Luna V. García , Mallinson D. , Alexiou P. , Khadra I. , Mullen A. B. , Pelecanou M. , Sagnou M. , Lamprou D. A.
Published: February 2017

Isatin thiosemicarbazone mixed biopolymer films as potential biomaterial for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory protection.
Preparation and evaluation of celecoxib nanosuspensions for bioavailability enhancement
Authors: He Jiali , Han Yue , Xu Gujun , Yin Lifang , Ngandeu Neubi M. , Zhou Jianping , Ding Yang
Published: February 2017

We prepare celecoxib nanosuspensions using TPGS as stabilizer via high speed shear as a pre-treatment step, followed by HPH method; and the solidification of fresh nanosuspension was carried out by freeze-drying.
Insights into the influence of support and potassium or sulfur promoter on iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: understanding the control of catalytic activity, selectivity to lower olefins, and catalyst deactivation
Authors: Jiang Feng , Zhang Min , Liu Bing , Xu Yuebing , Liu Xiaohao
Published: February 2017

A desired selectivity to lower olefins has been achieved by combination of K and S promoters.
Dietary fatty acids on aortic root calcification in mice with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Naranjo Maria C. , Bermudez Beatriz , Garcia Indara , Lopez Sergio , Abia Rocio , Muriana Francisco J. G. , Montserrat-de la Paz Sergio
Published: February 2017

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and chronic low-grade inflammation.
Fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotubes from vulcanized scrap rubber via thermal chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Essawy Hisham , Fathy Nady , Tawfik Magda , El-Sabbagh Salwa , Ismail Nahla , Youssef Hanan
Published: February 2017

Scrap rubber is a cheap alternate to valuable hydrocarbons in order to fabricate carbon nanotubes via thermal chemical vapor deposition.
Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β-keto esters with chiral ferrocenyl P,N,N-ligands
Authors: Chen Xiu-Shuai , Hou Chuan-Jin , Qin Chao , Liu Hongzhu , Liu Yan-Jun , Huang De-Zhi , Hu Xiang-Ping
Published: February 2017

The Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of β-keto esters with chiral ferrocenyl P,N,N-ligands has been developed, providing the corresponding β-hydroxy esters in good to excellent enantioselectivities.
Comparison of different silica microporous structures as drug delivery systems for in vitro models of solid tumors
Authors: Vilaça Natália , Machado Ana F. , Morais-Santos Filipa , Amorim Ricardo , Patrícia Neto A. , Logodin Enora , Pereira Manuel F. R. , Sardo Mariana , Rocha João , Parpot Pier , Fonseca António M. , Baltazar Fátima , Neves Isabel C.
Published: February 2017

5-FU release profiles reveled to be dependent on the host structures. 5-FU DDS led to significant potentiation of the 5-FU effect in cancer cells.
Manganese-catalyzed allylation via sequential C–H and C–C/C–Het bond activation
Authors: Lu Qingquan , Klauck Felix J. R. , Glorius Frank
Published: February 2017

Manganese-catalyzed sequential C–H and C–C/C–Het bond activation to synthesize allylic alcohols, allylated arenes, functionalized cyclopentenes and skipped dienes is reported.
Inhibition of p66Shc-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis via targeting prolyl-isomerase Pin1 attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Feng Dongcheng , Yao Jihong , Wang Guangzhi , Li Zhenlu , Zu Guo , Li Yang , Luo Fuwen , Ning Shili , Qasim Wasim , Chen Zhao , Tian Xiaofeng
Published: February 2017

Intestinal epithelial oxidative stress and apoptosis constitute key pathogenic mechanisms underlying intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We previously reported that the adaptor 66 kDa isoform of the adaptor molecule ShcA (p66Shc)-mediated pro-apoptotic pathway was activated after intestinal I/R. However, the upstream regulators of the p66Shc pathway involved in intestinal I/R remain to be fully identified. Here, we focused on the role of a prolyl-isomerase, peptidyl–prolyl cis–trans isomerase (Pin1), in the regulation of p66Shc activity during intestinal I/R. Intestinal I/R was induced in rats by superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion. Juglone (Pin1 inhibitor) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally before I/R challenge. Caco-2 cells were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro to simulate an in vivo I/R model. We found that p66Shc was significantly up-regulated in the I/R intestine and that this up-regulation resulted in the accumulation of intestinal mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and massive epithelial apoptosis. Moreover, intestinal I/R resulted in elevated protein expression and enzyme activity of Pin1 as well as increased interaction between Pin1 and p66Shc. This Pin1 activation was responsible for the translocation of p66Shc to the mitochondria during intestinal I/R, as Pin1 suppression by juglone or siRNA markedly blunted p66Shc mitochondrial translocation and the subsequent ROS generation and cellular apoptosis. Additionally, Pin1 inhibition alleviated gut damage and secondary lung injury, leading to improvement of survival after I/R. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that Pin1 inhibition protects against intestinal I/R injury, which could be partially attributed to the p66Shc-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This may represent a novel prophylactic target for intestinal I/R injury.
Towards Waltheriones C and D: Synthesis of the Oxabicyclic Core
Authors: Pihko Petri , Mäkinen Mari , Mallik Rosy , Siitonen Juha , Kärki Katja
Published: February 2017

A route to the oxabicyclic cores of the HIV cytoprotective quinolone alkaloids, waltheriones C and D, is described. The approach relies on a stereospecific transannular bromoetherification followed by reductive debromination. The route can also be rendered enantioselective via enzymatic reduction of a key intermediate (>99:1 er).
Impact of Preoperative Computed Tomography Angiogram on Abdominal Flap Breast Reconstruction Outcomes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Clara , Mossa-Basha Malik
Published: February 2017

Introduction CT angiogram (CTA) is widely believed to improve operative time and flap outcomes for perforator flap breast reconstruction, but the quality of the evidence is not known. We conducted a systematic review of the efficacy of preoperative CTA for abdominal perforator flap breast reconstruction.

Methods Inclusion criteria included published articles in English, CTA group, and control group, between 2000 and March 2013. Medline and PubMed were queried. Study quality criteria were developed based on standards of internal and external validity. One reviewer screened titles and abstracts. Two authors independently reviewed the full-text articles. Outcomes of interest were operative time and flap outcomes.

Results Ten publications met inclusion criteria. Study designs included retrospective or mixed prospective-retrospective cohorts. In every study, the control group time period preceded the CTA group time period and no studies adjusted for improved surgical skill (i.e., learning curve effect). Sample sizes ranged from 41 to 357. Five studies did not perform or provide statistical analysis for the results presented. The mean quality rating was 2.8 (out of a maximum of 7). Seven of 10 studies found a shorter operative time with CTA. Two of nine studies found fewer partial flap failures with CTA.

Conclusion CTA is associated with shorter operative time, but some of this may be due to a learning curve effect. The evidence does not show a difference in flap outcomes. The evidence in support of preoperative CTA is limited and subject to bias due to study design.
Venous Supercharging Reduces Complications and Improves Outcomes of Distally Based Sural Flaps
Authors: Bekara Farid , Bertheuil Nicolas , Carloni Raphael , Dast Sandy , Sinna Raphael , Chaput Benoit , Herlin Christian
Published: February 2017

Background The use of distally based neurocutaneous sural flaps (DBNCSF) is one of the most common methods of reconstructing the distal lower leg. However, they have developed a bad reputation because of their propensity for venous engorgement. Venous congestion that can lead to distal necrosis can be prevented by venous supercharging. Using a prospective comparative study, we thus explored the effect of venous supercharging on the reliability of these useful workhorse flaps.

Methods We prospectively included 38 patients who received a conventional DBNCSF and 38 patients who received a supercharged version of this flap (sDBNCSF) between January 2012 and July 2016.

Results No significant difference was identified between the groups in terms of age, sex, comorbidity, or defect origin. The main reconstruction etiology was traumatic (open fracture, scar disunion, and chronic osteitis). The flap size was noticeably larger in the sDBNCSF group, albeit without significance. The length-width ratio was significantly greater in the sDBNCSF group (6.08 vs. 5.53, p = 0.022). Venous congestion was significantly more common in the non-supercharged group (28.6 vs. 2.6%, p = 0.01), as was coverage failure (23.7 vs. 2.6%, p = 0.035).

Conclusion There are significant benefits to using venous supercharging of DBNCSF, when technically feasible. In our experience, venous supercharging increases reliability, allows the raise of larger skin paddles with much narrower pedicles limiting the morbidity of the procedure, and improves the functional and esthetic results.
Prefabrication of Vascularized Allogenic Bone Graft in a Rat by Implanting a Flow-Through Vascular Pedicle and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Containing Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Composite
Authors: Yamaguchi Konosuke , Nakamura Osamu , Tobiume Sachiko , Yamamoto Tetsuji , Kaji Yoshio
Published: February 2017

Background Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is known to stimulate bone formation and angiogenesis. Hydroxyapatite/collagen composite (HAp/Col) is also known to have very strong bone conductive activity. In this study, prefabrication of vascularized allogenic bone (allo-bone) graft was attempted in recipients by implanting vascular bundles from recipients into the transplanted allo-bone graft. Furthermore, the effect of bFGF-containing HAp/Col on the prefabricated vascularized allo-bone graft was investigated.

Methods In this study, 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors, and bone grafts were collected from their femora. Thirty-two Wistar rats (recipients) were divided into four groups, and the allo-bone grafts were transplanted into the thigh region. In the experimental groups, one or both of the flow-through saphenous vascular bundles and 100-μg bFGF-containing HAp/Col were implanted into the medullary cavity of the allo-bone grafts. In the control group, neither was implanted. These rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks after transplantation, and bone formation, angiogenesis, and bone resorption in the transplanted allo-bone grafts were evaluated histologically and genetically.

Results Bone formation and angiogenesis in the transplanted allo-bone graft were effectively stimulated by implanting vascular bundles or bFGF-containing HAp/Col on both histological and genetic evaluations compared with the control group. The most significant stimulation was observed in the group in which both were implanted. Bone resorption was not stimulated in any group.

Conclusion By implanting a flow-through vascular bundle and bFGF-containing HAp/Col, an ideal vascularized allo-bone graft that had high bone formative and angiogenetic activities and did not stimulate bone resorptive activity was prefabricated.
Dual referenced composite free layer design optimization for improving switching efficiency of spin-transfer torque RAM
Authors: Bell Roy , Hu Jiaxi , Victora R. H.
Published: February 2017

We present a detailed numerical analysis of switching efficiency for the recently proposed dual referenced composite free layer structure with respect to Gilbert damping. Low anisotropy assistive layers enable reduction of Gilbert damping and an increase of partial spin polarization within those low anisotropy layers—not feasible with single layer structures that require high anisotropy for thermal stability. When the damping of the soft layers is ultra-low, an efficiency (kBT/μA) of 8.1 is achieved for the composite structure with perpendicular anisotropy. This represents an improvement of 286% and 913% relative to the state-of-the-art dual-referenced and conventional STT-RAM cells, respectively. Results for structures with longitudinal anisotropy are also presented. A linear calculation of the STT polarization pre-factor is also described that captures all reflections.
FORC-study of magnetization reversal of L1-FePt based exchange coupled composite films
Authors: Situ Gongyuan , Wang Jian-Ping , Ma Bin
Published: February 2017

Perpendicular exchange coupled composite structures were prepared, utilizing L10-FePt as hard layer and [Co/Ni]N multilayer as soft layer. Magnetic characteristics revealed the gradually change of the magnetization reversal mechanism from incoherent rotational mode to dominant wall motion as the thickness of soft layer increases. Furthermore, FORC analysis were employed to characterize the interactions of our ECC magnetic system, the result indicates that the exchange coupling interaction were enhanced with the increasing thickness of soft layer.
Acoustic metamaterials with coupled local resonators for broadband vibration suppression
Authors: Hu Guobiao , Tang Lihua , Das Raj , Gao Shiqiao , Liu Haipeng
Published: February 2017

This paper investigates a modified acoustic metamaterial system with local resonators coupled through linear springs. The proposed acoustic metamaterial system can provide three band gaps for broadband vibration suppression. First, the band structure of the modified acoustic metamaterial is calculated by using Bloch’s theorem under the assumption of infinite lattice. The existence of three band gaps is confirmed in the band structure. Effects of mass and spring parameters on the band gap behaviour of the modified metamaterial are investigated through a dimensionless parametric study. Based on the parametric study, optimal dimensionless parameters are proposed to achieve maximal total band gap width in the low frequency range. Subsequently, a more realistic finite lattice model is established. The transmittances of the conventional and modified metamaterial systems are compared. The three band gaps predicted from transmittances and broadband vibration suppression behaviour are consistent with the predictions from infinite lattice model using Bloch’s theorem. Finally, the time-domain responses are simulated and the superiority of the modified acoustic metamaterial over the conventional one is demonstrated.
Phonon band structures of the three dimensional latticed pentamode metamaterials
Authors: Wang Guan , Jin Li , Zhang Lin , Xu Zhuo
Published: February 2017

The artificially designed three-dimensional (3D) pentamode metamaterials have such an extraordinary characteristic that the solid materials behave like liquids. Meanwhile, the ideal structure of the pentamode metamaterials arranges in the same way as that of the diamond crystals. In the present research, we regard three types of pentamode metamaterials derived from the 3D crystal lattices as research objects. The phonon band structures of the candidate pentamode structures are calculated by using the finite element method (FEM). We illustrate the relation between the ratio of the bulk modulus B and the shear modulus G of different combinations of D and d. Finally, we find out the relationship between the phonon band structure and the structure parameters. It is useful for generating the phonon band structure and controlling elastic wave propagation.
Soldiers and Social Change: The Forces Vote in the Second World War and New Zealand’s Great Experiment in Social Citizenship
Authors: Fennell Jonathan
Published: February 2017

Labour’s victory in the 1943 New Zealand general election allowed it to set the political agenda in New Zealand not only for the remainder of the Second World War, but, arguably, for forty years thereafter. The outcome of the election hinged on the votes of service personnel engaged in fighting the Second World War. This paper examines why soldiers, airmen and sailors voted overwhelmingly for Labour in 1943. Detailed returns showing the number of votes recorded for each candidate at each polling-place in the election are explored; the first social class survey of an army in the Second World War is constructed and assessed; and censorship summaries of the soldiers’ mail are interrogated. The paper shows that the forces vote was not determined by the socio-economic background of the military cohort or by the distance of the voting troops from the homeland or the length of time they were away. Instead, the paper finds that the most persuasive explanation for the pattern of voting among service personnel was their degree of participation in the war effort. The closer to combat a cohort of voters found themselves, the more they were inclined to manifest strong beliefs in fairness, social justice and ‘big Government’, key aspects of the Labour manifesto. A spirit of social cohesion had emerged from the exigencies of combat cohesion with profound implications for the future of New Zealand.
Ipsilateral Motor Innervation Discovered Incidentally on Intraoperative Monitoring: A Case Report
Authors: Ku Jerry , Mendelsohn Daniel , Chew Jason , Shewchuk Jason , Dong Charles , Akagami Ryojo
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Lesions in the corticospinal tract above the decussation at the medullary pyramids almost universally produce contralateral deficits. Rare cases of supratentorial lesions causing ipsilateral motor deficits have been reported previously, but only ever found secondary to stroke or congenital pyramidal tract malformations.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Herein, we report a case of ipsilateral corticospinal tract innervation discovered incidentally with intraoperative monitoring during a microsurgical resection of a vestibular schwannoma. Intraoperative monitoring with electrical transcranial stimulation of the frontal scalp triggered motor-evoked potentials in the ipsilateral arms. The uncrossed pathways were later confirmed with MRI tractography using diffusion tensor imaging.

CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of isolated ipsilateral motor innervation of the corticospinal tract discovered incidentally during a neurosurgical procedure. Given the increasing use of intraoperative monitoring, this case underscores the importance of cautious interpretation of seemingly discordant neurophysiological findings. Once technical issues have been ruled out, ipsilateral motor innervation may be considered as a possible explanation and neurosurgeons should be aware of the existence of this rare anatomic variant.
Open Repair of Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Authors: Miller Christopher P. , Chiodo Christopher P.
Published: February 2017

Achilles tendon ruptures are commonly treated by foot and ankle surgeons. Optimal treatment remains controversial with good outcomes achieved with both operative and nonoperative methods. The traditional debate has focused on risk of rerupture following nonoperative care and risk of infection and wound complications after surgery. Using current treatment protocols both of these complications have decreased significantly. Traditional open surgical repair leads to excellent functional outcomes and, when performed with proper technique and layered closure, the risk of infection is minimal. This chapter discusses the authors’ indications, surgical technique and postoperative protocol for open repair of an Achilles tendon rupture.

Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING–DEPENDENT RETINAL STRUCTURAL CHANGES AFTER VITRECTOMY IN RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Hisatomi Toshio , Tachibana Takashi , Notomi Shoji , Koyanagi Yoshito , Murakami Yusuke , Takeda Atsunobu , Ikeda Yasuhiro , Yoshida Shigeo , Enaida Hiroshi , Murata Toshinori , Sakamoto Taiji , Sonoda Koh-Hei , Ishibashi Tatsuro
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To examine retinal changes after vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, we used 3-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment cases.

Methods:

The 68 eyes from 67 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were studied, including 35 detached macula cases (51%) and 33 attached macula cases. Internal limiting membrane peeling was performed with fine forceps after brilliant blue G staining. The 3D-OCT images were obtained with volume-rendering technologies from cross-sectional OCT images.

Results:

The 3D-OCT detected 45 eyes (66%) with ILM peeling-dependent retinal changes, including dissociated optic nerve fiber layer appearance, dimple sign, temporal macular thinning, ILM peeling area thinning, or forceps-related retinal thinning. The ILM peeled area was detectable in only 9 eyes with 3D-OCT, whereas it was undetectable in other 59 eyes. The dissociated optic nerve fiber layer appearance was detected in 8 of the total cases (12%), and dimple signs were observed in 14 cases (21%). Forceps-related thinning was also noted in eight cases (24%) of attached macula cases and in four cases (11%) of detached macula cases. No postoperative macular pucker was noted in the observational period.

Conclusion:

The 3D-OCT clearly revealed spatial and time-dependent retinal changes after ILM peeling. The changes occurred in 2 months and remained thereafter.
DETAILED RETINAL IMAGING IN CARRIERS OF OCULAR ALBINISM
Authors: Khan Kamron N. , Lord Emma C. , Arno Gavin , Islam Farrah , Carss Keren J. , Raymond FLucy , Toomes Carmel , Ali Manir , Inglehearn Chris F. , Webster Andrew R. , Moore Anthony T. , Poulter James A. , Michaelides Michel
Published: February 2017

Background:

Albinism refers to a group of disorders primarily characterized by hypopigmentation. Affected individuals usually manifest both ocular and cutaneous features of the disease, but occasionally hair and skin pigmentation may appear normal. This is the case in ocular albinism, an X chromosome linked disorder resulting from mutation ofGPR143. Female carriers may be recognized by a “mud-splatter” appearance in the peripheral retina. The macula is thought to be normal, however.

Methods:

Obligate female carriers of pathogenicGPR143alleles were recruited. Molecular confirmation of disease was performed only for atypical cases. Detailed retinal imaging was performed (colour fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence.

Results:

Eight individuals were ascertained. A novelGPR143mutation was identified in one family (p.Gln328Ter). Foveal fundus autofluorescence was subjectively reduced in 6/6 patients imaged. A “tapetal-like” pattern of autofluorescence was visible at the macula in 3/6. Persistence of the inner retinal layers at the fovea was observed in 6/8 females.

Conclusion:

Female carriers of ocular albinism may manifest signs of retinal pigment epithelium mosaicism at the macula and the peripheral fundus. A tapetal-like reflex on fundus autofluorescence may be considered the macular correlate of “mud-splatter.”
HORMONAL SUPPLEMENTATION TRIGGERING CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN HEALTHY YOUNG FEMALES
Authors: Dolz-Marco Rosa , Doménech Nuria , Diago Teresa , Montero Javier , García‐Canet Sara , Cervera-Taulet Enrique , Gallego-Pinazo Roberto , Arévalo J. Fernando
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To report three cases of choroidal neovascularization after hormonal treatment for ovarian stimulation during a fertility therapy.

Methods:

A comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed in all cases including best-corrected visual acuity, color fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography.

Results:

Three females in their thirties developed unilateral acuity vision loss and metamorphopsia. They all were undergoing hormonal supplementation for ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins at the moment of presentation. Intravitreal therapy with ranibizumab was used; all cases showed a significant functional and anatomical improvement.

Discussion:

Hormonal supplementation for fertility therapy is a common procedure that may be associated with the development of choroidal neovascularization in healthy young females. Further studies should be performed to evaluate this association, but both ophthalmologist and gynecologist should be aware of this potential complication.
Resolution of Chronic Corneal Edema After Surgical Treatment for Ocular Hypotony
Authors: Sriram Aishwarya , Tania Tai Tak Yee
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To describe a case of chronic ocular hypotony and corneal edema, with reversal of the corneal edema following surgical treatment of the hypotony via bleb compression sutures.

Observations:

A patient with chronic ocular hypotony after trabeculectomy for advanced pseudoexfoliation glaucoma endured gradually worsening corneal edema over 1 year and low endothelial cell counts. Bleb compression sutures were placed with a subsequent increase in intraocular pressure and complete resolution of his corneal edema.

Conclusions and Importance:

Reversal of chronic corneal edema by surgical treatment of ocular hypotony has not been previously reported. Although corneal edema associated with elevated intraocular pressures is well understood, the mechanism by which ocular hypotony contributes to corneal edema and how treatment of ocular hypotony may improve corneal edema should be further explored.
Enhanced Diagnostic Capability for Glaucoma of 3-Dimensional Versus 2-Dimensional Neuroretinal Rim Parameters Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Fan Kenneth C. , Tsikata Edem , Khoueir Ziad , Simavli Huseyin , Guo Rong , A. de Luna Regina , Pandit Sumir , Que Christian J. , de Boer Johannes F. , Chen Teresa C.
Published: February 2017

Purpose:

To compare the diagnostic capability of 3-dimensional (3D) neuroretinal rim parameters with existing 2-dimensional (2D) neuroretinal and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness rim parameters using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) volume scans.

Materials and Methods:

Design: Institutional prospective pilot study. Study population: 65 subjects (35 open-angle glaucoma patients, 30 normal patients). Observation procedures: One eye of each subject was included. SD-OCT was used to obtain 2D RNFL thickness values and 5 neuroretinal rim parameters [ie, 3D minimum distance band (MDB) thickness, 3D Bruch’s membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), 3D rim volume, 2D rim area, and 2D rim thickness]. Main outcome measures: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values, sensitivity, and specificity.

Results:

Comparing all 3D with all 2D parameters, 3D rim parameters (MDB, BMO-MRW, rim volume) generally had higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values (range, 0.770 to 0.946) compared with 2D parameters (RNFL thickness, rim area, rim thickness; range, 0.678 to 0.911). For global region analyses, all 3D rim parameters (BMO-MRW, rim volume, MDB) were equal to or better than 2D parameters (RNFL thickness, rim area, rim thickness; P-values from 0.023 to 1.0). Among the three 3D rim parameters (MDB, BMO-MRW, and rim volume), there were no significant differences in diagnostic capability (false discovery rate >0.05 at 95% specificity).

Conclusions:

3D neuroretinal rim parameters (MDB, BMO-MRW, and rim volume) demonstrated better diagnostic capability for primary and secondary open-angle glaucomas compared with 2D neuroretinal parameters (rim area, rim thickness). Compared with 2D RNFL thickness, 3D neuroretinal rim parameters have the same or better diagnostic capability.
A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of Medication Adherence Interventions in Adult Stroke Survivors
Authors: Wessol Jennifer L. , Russell Cynthia L. , Cheng An-Lin
Published: February 2017

Background:Stroke survivors are at an increased risk for recurrent stroke. Despite recommendations to avoid recurrence from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, medication adherence (MA) in persons with chronic conditions such as stroke is only 50%.Purpose:The aim of this study was to synthesize randomized controlled trial intervention studies designed to increase MA in adult stroke survivors.Search Methods:The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Excerpta Medica database from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2015, were searched.Study Selection:This study reviewed randomized controlled trials evaluating MA interventions in stroke survivors.Data Extraction:Two reviewers independently assessed all full-text articles, and those not meeting the inclusion criteria by both researchers were excluded.Results:This review included 18 studies involving 10 292 participants. Overall, the strength of the included studies was strong. Statistically significant results were reported in 5 of the 18 (28%) studies. Of these, 3 used cognitive/behavioral interventions to increase MA, whereas 2 studies used an educational-based intervention.Conclusions:Despite some isolated success, most MA interventions in stroke survivors do not show statistically significant improvement. Future MA research must address the lack of consistent use of objective measurement tools and focus on the long-term benefits of MA interventions.
A Leukocyte Filter Does Not Provide Further Benefit During Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion
Authors: Luc Jessica G. Y. , Aboelnazar Nader S. , Himmat Sayed , Hatami Sanaz , Haromy Alois , Matsumura Nobutoshi , Vasanthan Vishnu , White Christopher W. , Mengel Michael , Freed Darren H. , Nagendran Jayan
Published: February 2017

Normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) allows for assessment and reconditioning of donor lungs. Although a leukocyte filter (LF) is routinely incorporated into the EVLP circuit; its efficacy remains to be determined. Twelve pig lungs were perfused and ventilated ex vivo in a normothermic state for 12 hours. Lungs (n = 3) were allocated to four groups according to perfusate composition and the presence or absence of a LF in the circuit (acellular ± LF, cellular ± LF). Acceptable physiologic lung parameters were achieved during EVLP; however, increased amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and leukocytes in the perfusate were observed despite the presence or absence of a LF. Analysis of cells washed off the LF demonstrates that it trapped leukocytes although being ineffective throughout perfusion as it became saturated over 12 hours of EVLP. We conclude that there is no objective evidence to support the routine incorporation of a LF during EVLP as it does not provide further benefit and its removal does not appear to cause harm. The lack of hypothesized benefit to a LF may be because of the saturation of the LF with donor leukocytes, leading to similar amounts of circulating leukocytes still present in the perfusate with and without a LF.
18F-FDG PET/CT in the Diagnosis and Management of Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Infections: A Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Akin Sakir , Muslem Rahat , Constantinescu Alina A. , Manintveld Olivier C. , Birim Ozcan , Brugts Jasper J. , Maat Alexander P.W.M. , Fröberg Alida C. , Bogers Ad J.J.C. , Caliskan Kadir
Published: February 2017

Implantable continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are increasingly used in end-stage heart failure treatment as a bridge-to-transplant and destination therapy (DT). However, LVADs still have major drawbacks, such as infections that can cause morbidity and mortality. Unfortunately, appropriate diagnosis of LVAD-related and LVAD-specific infections can be very cumbersome. The differentiation between deep and superficial infections is crucial in clinical decision-making. Despite a decade of experience in using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) to diagnose various infections, its use in LVAD patients remains scarce. In this case series, we review the current evidence in literature and describe our single center experience using 18F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis and management of LVAD infections.
Successful Myeloablative Matched Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in a Young Girl With GATA2 Deficiency and Emberger Syndrome
Authors: Ramzan Mohammed , Lowry Jane , Courtney Sarah , Krueger Joerg , Schechter Finkelstein Tal , Ali Muhammad
Published: February 2017

Patients with GATA2 (Emberger syndrome) deficiency needs early hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) before evolving in to myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukemia and with time given compromised organ dysfunction leads to increase regimen-related toxicities. Most published cases have used nonmyeloablative conditioning regimens, show higher incidences of rejection and relapse rates and umbilical cord blood transplant has been reported to be suboptimal in patients with GATA2 deficiency because of longer period of engraftment leads to more infections and mortality. We report a 4.5-year-old girl with GATA2 deficiency who underwent matched unrelated donor HSCT utilizing a myeloablative conditioning regimen including intravenous busulfan (total dose of 12.8 mg/kg) and fludarabine (total dose of 160 mg/m2) She tolerated the conditioning regimen and bone marrow infusion well. Her initial chimerism was mixed (90% donor), cyclosporine was gradually weaned and discontinued at day+85 and this resulted in conversion to full-donor chimerism. Bone marrow assessment 3 months post-HSCT revealed normal hematopoiesis and absence of monosomy 7. At 20 months of follow-up she had full-donor chimerism with complete reconstitution of the all hematopoietic stem cells. Myeloablative matched unrelated donor HSCT represents an effective option for cure in patients with GATA2 deficiency and Emberger syndrome.