bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revision of Reldia (Gesneriaceae)
Authors: Kvist L. P. , Skog L. E.
Published: March 2008

Reldia (Gesneriaceae) includes terrestrial herbs with alternate leaves, inflorescences which often possess both primary and secondary pedicels but are epedunculate, small white, spurred flowers, a nectary usually reduced to a dorsal gland, and a bivalved capsule. The genus is distributed from Panama to northern Peru. In the present work five species are recognized: Reldia alternifolia from Panama; R. minutiflora, originally described from Peru, but distributed from this country north to Panama; two new species from eastern Ecuador, R. calcarata and R. multiflora, and one new species from Colombia, R. grandiflora. Two varieties of R. minutiflora are recognized, var. minutiflora and var. veraguensis. Reldia occurs in forested, deeply shaded and highly humid ravines usually along streams. The altitude ranges from sea level up to 2500 meters.
Organisation of vascular cambium during different seasons in some tropical timber trees
Authors: Venugopal N. , Krishnamurthy K. V.
Published: March 2008

The vascular cambium of Albizzia, Tectona, Terminalia, Calophyllum, Mangifera and Morinda was non‐storied while that of Dalbergia was semi‐storied. The ray initials were uniseriate in Terminalia and Calophyllum, both uniseriate and biseriate in Albizzia, Dalbergia, Mangifera and Morinda and were also multiseriate in Tectona. They were homogeneous in Albizzia and heterogeneous in the other species. The radial walls of cambial cells were always beaded, although beads were more prominent and closer to one another during periods of cambial dormancy than during activity. The fusiform initials were comparatively less vacuolated during dormancy/ least activity. When active, the fusiform and ray initials of all species, except Calophyllum, also showed multinucleate condition (2–10 depending on species). The proportion of ray initials to fusiform initials was almost constant throughout the year in all species.
Rimularia fuscosora, a new corticolous sorediate lichen from north western Europe
Authors: Muhr L.‐E. , Tønsberg T.
Published: March 2008

Rimularia fuscosora is described on the basis of material from Sweden, Norway. and Scotland. This new species is characterized by a sorediate thallus containing norstictic acid, apothecia with a well developed excipulum, asci of Rimularia‐type. branched paraphyses and a corticolous habit.
A phenetic study of Crepis tectorum in Fennoscandia and Estonia
Authors: Andersson Stefan
Published: March 2008

Morphological variation inCrepis tectorumin Fennoscandia and Estonia was assessed in a multivariate study of herbarium material. The variation pattern revealed was more complex than that detected in earlier studies of the species in this area. There was a gradual transition between the common weed form and a similar form occurring on rocky outcrops throughout the area, particularly along the coasts and on steep hillsides on the mainland. The two endemic alvar forms on the Baltic islands of Oland and Gotland were distinct from each other but overlapped slightly with other groups. An additional outcrop form from the coast of South Finland graded into the Oland alvar form while the alvar form from Gotland was more similar to the widespread forms on the mainland of Fennoscandia and in Estonia. An outgroup comparison suggested that the widespread forms on the mainland have retained a more “ancient” morphology than the geographically restricted Baltic forms. Morphological and distributional data are used to test and extend earlier hypotheses regarding the evolution ofC. tectorumin these areas. An eastern route seems likely for the first immigrations of the species into Fennoscandia. I suggest that the Baltic forms and at least some populations of the weed form were derived from non‐weedy outcrop populations on the mainland, the first group when the Baltic lowland areas emerged from the sea, and the second group when man created suitable conditions for weed colonizations throughout Fennoscandia. Taxonomic implications of the results are also discussed.
The monotypic genus Cyphotheca (Melastomataceae)
Authors: Hansen Carlo
Published: March 2008

Cyphotheca (Sonerileae s.l.), known only from China (Yunnan), is accepted as a monotypic genus most closely related to Phyllagalhis. The new name P. fengii C. Hansen is proposed for C. hispida, because the epithet hispida is not available in the genus Phyllagathis.
The diversity of micromorphological features in the genus Coccoloba (Polygonaceae)
Authors: Brandbyge John
Published: March 2008

Coccoloba P. Browne ex is a large and taxonomically complex genus of woody neotropical Polygonaceae. In this study, which includes 70 taxa, leaf and perianth epiderms and pollen surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Stomata, primary sculpture, epicuticular wax deposits, and multicellular glandular hairs of leaf blades together with secondary sculpture of perianth epiderms constitute taxonomically important micromorphological characters. Pollen morphology of the examined species is relatively uniform. Types based on surface ornamentation vary continuously from finely punctate‐striate to deeply punctate‐striate or microreticulate. Two species, C. acapulcensis and C. cordata, differ markedly from the rest of the investigated species by having spinulose ektexines. The diagnostic‐descriptive value of the characters studied is more pronounced than the taxonomic‐phylogenetic value. The disjunct distributions of two closely related species pairs C. acapulcencis/C. cordata and C. brasiliensis/C. schomburgkii are discussed.
Woody Polygonaceae from Brazil: new species and a new interpretation
Authors: Brandbyge John
Published: March 2008

Three new species, Ruprechtia maracaensis, Ruprechtia nitida, and Triplaris matogrossensis are described. Ruprechtia glauca is a poorly known species from the state of Bahia. Its relationship with R. laxiflora is discussed.
A new species of Sarcoglyphis (Orchidaceae) from Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Rao A. Negeswara
Published: March 2008

A new species of Sarcoglyphis, S. arunachalensis, from Arunachal Pradesh, India is described.
A new heterostylous species of Streptopetalum (lurneraceae) from Somalia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Streptopetalum arenarium sp. nov., a heterostylous species apparently closely related to the homostylous 5. hildebrandtü in Kenya and north Tanzania, is described from deciduous bushland on sand in central and southern Somalia.
Regional variation in SE Fennoscandian mire vegetation
Authors: Økland Rune H.
Published: March 2008

The distribution in bogs is outlined for all species occurring in bogs only in part of their SE Fennoscandian area. The patterns displayed by these species are diverse, and different explanations are applicable to different patterns. Regional variation in SE Fennoscandian bog and extremely poor fen vegetation is described, based on all available published material. Carpets, lawns, and hummocks are considered separately. Four regional vegetational gradients are identified: (1) W‐E, (2) S‐N, (3) SW‐NE, and (4) NW‐SE. These are related to different underlying climatic gradients: (1) humidity (precipitation surplus), (2) temperature, (3) and (4) combinations of humidity and temperature. Effects of climatic gradients on the ground water regime are outlined. The decisive factor for the SW‐NE gradient is probably frequency of ground water table fluctuations, the NW‐SE gradient is likely to be caused by differences in water supply and ground water flow rates. The main gradient of carpets is S‐N (SE‐NW), of lawns SW‐NE (W‐E), and of hummocks partly SW‐NE, partly S‐N. The effects of the underlying ecological factors on the different plant groups are discussed in order to explain the patterns of regional variation in vegetation.
A new species of Primula from Thailand with critical notes on the section Carolinella
Authors: Hu Chi Ming
Published: March 2008

Primula larsenii, a new species from Thailand is described; diagnostic characters delimiting sect. Carolinella and sect. Obconicolisteri are discussed; a transfer of Primula kwangtungensis and P. kweichouensis from sect. Obconicolisteri to sect. Carolinella is proposed.
An additional note on the genus Droguetia (Urticaceae)
Authors: Friis I.
Published: March 2008

After a taxonomic revision of the genera of the tribe Forsskaoleae has been completed a form of Droguetia iners differing from all subspecies recognized and described in that revision has been discovering during field work in the Bale Mountains, SE Ethiopia. The new form is described here and proposed given rank as a subspecies, D. iners ssp. pedunculata; the discovery of the new taxon makes a modification of the generic description of Droguetia necessary.
A new species of Inonotus (Hymenochaetaceae) from Scandinavia
Authors: Corfixen Peer
Published: March 2008

The new species Inonotus ulmicola belongs to the Inonotus obliquus complex. It is separated by the presence of solitary tramal setae, and by growing on Ulmus, and is reported from Denmark and Sweden. A survey is presented of the species of Inonotus growing in trunk cavities and beneath the bark, and a classification of the setae is proposed.
A new species of Momordica (Cucurbitaceae) from tropical Africa
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

Momordica littorea, sp. nov., a dioecious climber with succulent 3‐foliolate leaves and conspicuously bracteate flowers from coastal regions of southern Somalia and Kenya, is described and illustrated.
Dispersal and distribution in Leopoldinia (Palmae)
Authors: Kubitzki K.
Published: March 2008

The Amazon palm genus Leopoldinia exemplifies the transition from a terrestrial to an amphibious life‐style, accompanied by a switch from synzoochorous dispersal to hydrochory. Leopoldinia piassaba produces heavy fruits with a fleshy, sweet mesocarp and is presumed to be dispersed by terrestrial animals. This species enters aquatic habitats only so far as these are submersed for a short while. The other two species, L. major and L. pulchra, resist long‐lasting submersion and have much smaller, buoyant fruits, which are dispersed by water and are produced in proportionately larger guantities. They are eaten and mostly destroyed, but occasionally probably also dispersed by fish. L. pulchra, the species with the smallest fruits, has acquired the widest geographical distribution.
Four new species of Jatropha (Éuphorbiaceae) from Somalia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The following new species, all related to the Somali endemic Jatropha nogalensis in/. sect. Spinosa subsect. Spinosae, are described and illustrated: J. humifusa (coastal dunes of central Somalia), J. inaequispina (north‐central Somalia, on limestone), and J. collina and J. spinosissima (both rocky ground in north‐eastern Somalia). A hybrid between J. humifusa and the rather distantly related J. pelargoniifolia is reported.
A hay meadow in western Norway‐changes in the course of a growing season
Authors: Losvik M. H.
Published: March 2008

Interference of management with groups of species/single species in a hay meadow is studied in a pilot project. Plant species are recorded 3 times during growing season from 10 permanent plots at intervals along 2 transects crossing the meadow. Hult‐Sernander‐Du Rietz scale is used for estimating cover, and phenological phases are estimated according to Dierschke.

The hay meadow is lightly fertilized in spring, mown once late in July and grazed lightly by calves in autumn. Until 7–8 years ago the meadow was more heavily grazed by sheep both in spring and autumn.

50 species are recorded, 44 within the permanent plots, 33 are indicators of agricultural management, 21 are indicators of traditional management, and 24 are adapted to grazing. The meadow belongs to Cardamino pratensis‐Conopodietum majoris, subas‐sociation campanuletosum. Luzula campestre, Campanula rotundifolia, Potentilla erecta, Hypochoeris radicata and Trifolium repens vary little in cover throughout the summer. Anthoxanthum odoratum, Leucanthemum vulgare, Trifolium pratense and Agrostis capillaris have a higher cover just before mowing than afterwards. Conopodium majus is not present above ground at all in August. Rumex acetosa and Achillea millefolium have their highest cover values in August. The time of flowering varied. At the spring analysis, Ajuga pyramidalis, Anthoxantum odoratum, Luzula campestre and Plantago lanceolata flowered. The main flowering took place at the end of June, when 20 species flowered. In August the flowers of Leontodon autumnalis, Hypochoeris radicata, Potentilla erecta and Hieracium vulgatum characterized the meadow. Several hypothesis and proposals for testing of the hypothesis are put forward.
Notes on the genus Bauhinia (Leguminosae‐Caesalpinioideae) in SE Asia
Authors: Larsen K. , Larsen S. S.
Published: March 2008

During the revision of the genus Bauhinia for Flora Malesiana three undescribed species have been discovered, Bauhinia kostermansii sp. nov. and B. steenisii sp. nov. from Borneo, and B. franckii sp. nov. from the Malay Peninsula. Bauhinia chrysophylla has turned out to be a later homonym, for which reason Bauhinia aureifolia nom. nov. is proposed. The chromosome number of this species has been counted as 2n = 26. B. fabrilis comb, et stat. nov. is proposed for Phanera riedelii var. fabrilis.
Typification of Nordic vascular plants. 1. Names published by G. Wahlenberg
Authors: Moberg Roland , Nilsson Örjan
Published: March 2008

Names of sixtyone taxa described by G. Wahlenberg based on Nordic material are typified. An additional four are listed but no type material is traced. Wahlenberg's four journeys and various modifications of his handwriting are presented. Flora nordica notes no. 4
A new Pharus (Poaceae) endemic to Ecuador
Authors: Judziewicz Emmet J.
Published: March 2008

The new species Pharus ecuadoricus, endemic to the Pacific lowlands of Ecuador, is described, illustrated, and compared with its closest relative, P. parvifolius.
Lecanora sabinae, a new lichen species from the Canary Islands
Authors: Padrón C. Hernandez , Vänskä H. , de Paz P. L. Pérez
Published: March 2008

Lecanora sabinae sp. nov. from the Canary Islands (El Hierro and La Gomera) is characterized chiefly by its greenish thallus with abundant pruinose apothecia ranging in colour from light yellow to almost black. It contains usnic acid, zeorin, and an unknown chemical product SAB‐1, is by preference lignicolous and lives in association with the conifer Juniperus phoenicea.
Observations on Rhinomonas reticulata comb. nov. and R. reticulata var. eleniana var. nov. (Cryptophyceae), with comments on the genera Pyrenomonas and Rhodomonas
Authors: Novarino Gianfranco
Published: March 2008

Seven marine red strains of Cryptophyceae were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Six of these, possessing a nucleomorph housed within the pyrenoid and a periplast with distinctly hexagonal periplast areas, are assigned toRhinomonas reticulatacomb. nov.Rhinomonas reticulatavar.elenianavar. nov. is described on the basis of the smaller size of the periplast areas. In a strain of the genusPyrenomonas, whichRhinomonasotherwise resembles, the periplast areas appear more or less rectangular. Since it is impossible to know with certainty which red marine forms fall within the original concept of the genusRhodomonas, the namePyrenomonasshould be preferred to a recent emendation ofRhodomonas.
Trichomes within the Plantaginaceae
Authors: Rahn Knud
Published: March 2008

A survey of trichome types and their distribution within Plantaginaceae is presented based on a study of 112 species and 30 literary references. 14 different characters were distinguished, some are considered useful for phylogenetic studies. Stomatal types in 32 species are recorded.
Studies in the Calyceraceae with a discussion of its relationship to Compositae
Authors: Hansen Hans V.
Published: March 2008

The South American family Calyceraceae is analysed and some new observations on pollen and petal epidermis‐patterns are presented. The new characters give some indication of a relationship to Compositae. The choice of Calyceraceae as the sister‐group of Compositae is discussed, and it is further suggested that Compositae, Calyceraceae, and Lobeliaceae constitute a clade. Two new specific combinations in the Calyceraceae are formally established: Gamocarpha alpina and Calycera andina.
A review of the phylogeny and classification of the Asteraceae
Authors: Bremer Kåre , Jansen Robert K. , Karis Per Ola , Källersjö Mari , Keeley Sterling C. , Kim Ki‐Joong , Michaels Helen J. , Palmer Jeffrey D. , Wallace Robert S.
Published: March 2008

The Asteraceae are commonly divided into two large subfamilies, the Cichorioideae (syn. Lactucoideae; Mutisieae, Cardueae, Lactuceae, Vernonieae, Liabeae, Arctoteae) and the Asteroideae (Inuleae, Astereae, Anthemideae, Senecioneae, Calenduleae, Heliantheae, Eupatorieae). Recent phylogenetic analyses based on morphological and chloroplast DNA data conclusively show that the Mutisieae‐Barnadesiinae are the sister group to the rest of the family and that the Asteroideae tribes form a monophyletic group. The Vernonieae and Liabeae are sister tribes and the Eupatorieae are nested within a paraphyletic Heliantheae; otherwise tribal interrelationships are still largely uncertain. The Mutisieae‐Barnadesiinae are excluded from the Mutisieae and elevated to the new subfamily Barnadesioideae. The two subfamilies Barnadesioideae and Asteroideae are monophyletic, whereas the status of the Cichorioideae remains uncertain. Analyses of chloroplast DNA data support the monophyly of the Cichorioideae; however, morphological data indicate that the subfamily is paraphyletic. Further studies are needed to test the monophyly of the Cichorioideae, as well as to further resolve tribal interrelationships in the two larger subfamilies.
Multiple origins of the octoploid Scandinavian endemic Draba cacu minum: electrophoretic and morphological evidence
Authors: Brochmann Christian , Soltis Pamela S. , Soltis Douglas E.
Published: March 2008

The octoploid Draba cacuminum (Brassicaceae) is one of the few endemic species in Scandinavia and has frequently been considered an example supporting the glacial survival theory. Two subspecies, ssp. cacuminum in southern Norway and ssp. angusticarpa in northern Scandinavia, have been described and suggested to be geographically diverged remnants of a more continuously distributed ancestor. To test an alternative hypothesis of independent origins of similar octoploids in different areas, we investigated populations of D. cacuminum and its possible progenitors using enzyme electrophoresis and morphological analysis. Electrophoretic analysis of progeny of D. cacuminum revealed high levels of fixed heterozygosity, suggesting that the species is a genetic alloploid. Fixed electrophoretic differences among the populations and additivity of electrophoretic phenotypes indicate that the octoploid D. cacuminum has originated at least three times by alloploidizations involving different populations of the hexaploid D. norvegica and a diploid species, possibly D. fladnizensis. Electrophoretic and morphometric data suggest that populations of D. cacuminum with broad siliculae have originated from populations of D. norvegica that had broad siliculae, and that populations of D. cacuminum with narrow siliculae have originated from populations of D. norvegica that had narrow siliculae. However, the electrophoretic and morphometric variation within D. cacuminum did not correspond to the geographic origin of the populations, and the previously described subspecies could not be recognized. Draba cacuminum gives no relevant information on the glacial survival theory; the polyploidizations may have occurred in postglacial time as well as in pre‐Weichselian periods.
Genetic comparison between Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo using isozymes and chloroplast DNA
Authors: Filppula Sirpa , Szmidt Alfred E. , Savolainen Outi
Published: March 2008

Pinus sylvestris and P. mugo populations from Poland and Czechoslovakia were compared using genetic variability at isozyme markers, chloroplast DNA variation, and mating system measurements. Two isozyme loci were found to differ between the species. P. mugo was as variable at isozyme loci as P. sylvestris. Diagnostic cpDNA fragments were found using the restriction enzyme Bcl‐I. Populations that were morphologically classified as hybrids were found to be pure species, based both on isozyme and cpDNA results.
Chrysophyte cysts in 36 Canadian high arctic ponds
Authors: Duff Katharine E. , Douglas Marianne S. V. , Smol John P.
Published: March 2008

Chrysophyte stomatocysts were described from the surface sediments and other habitats (moss, rocks, and open water) of 36 ponds located on Cape Herschel, Ellesmere Island in the Canadian high Arctic (78°37'N). Thirty‐five distinct stomatocyst types were described using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); 1 other cyst was common, but was not observed with SEM. Our study ponds were diverse limnologically and contained distinct cyst floras, but the cause(s) of the floristic differences are as yet unclear. Two ponds with extreme values of water chemistry (i.e. high salinity and low pH) supported unique cyst floras. Distinctive cyst floras were also observed in ponds with high nutrient input from nesting birds and/or with diverse microhabitats (e.g. moss banks), which may provide substrate for periphytic chrysophytes. Arctic pond cyst floras are typically less diverse than those from temperate regions. Highly ornamented cysts are also less common in arctic waters, but the reason for this is unknown. Stomatocysts could be used to augment paleolimnological research in arctic ponds, if the environmental factors controlling cyst distributions and possibly degree of ornamentation can be elucidated.
Silica‐scaled chrysophytes from West Greenland: Disko Island and the Søndre Strømfjord region
Authors: Kristiansen Jørgen
Published: March 2008

The flora of silica‐scaled chrysophytes (Chrysophyceae and Synurophyceae) is known from two previous investigations in southern Greenland, from Narssaq (61°N) and Nuuk (64°N).

In connection with a course in Arctic Biology 25.7.‐20.8 1990 chrysophyte samples were obtained from altogether 53 localities, 41 from the Godhavn region in Disko Island (69°N) and 12 from S0ndre Str0mfjord (67°N). The localities were lakes, ponds and puddles, on basalt or an acid bedrock. Fixed samples were examined by EM, and altogether twenty species were identified by their silica scales. Eight of these were new to Greenland, viz. Spiniferomonas silverensis, Mallomonas acaroides, M. alpina, M. crassisquama (previous records proved to belong to M. duerrschmidliae), M. oviformis, M. paludosa, M. tonsurata, and Synura mammillosa. The composition of the flora is discussed from ecological and biogeographic viewpoints.
Studies on Paraphysomonadaceae (Chrysophyceae) from Andong Lake in Korea
Authors: Lee Kab Sook , Takahashi Eiji
Published: March 2008

During a study of the Paraphysomonadaceae in a multipurpose artificial reservoir Andong Lake, located in the central part of South Korea, 21 taxa of three genera were found: three species of Chrysosphaerella, seven of Spiniferomonas and eleven species of Paraphysomonas. All of these are known from many parts of the world, but are new to South Korea. Five of the species have previously been found in North Korea, but sixteen are new to Korea as a whole. Their seasonal occurrence has been followed through one year.
The genus Ptyssiglottis (Acanthaceae). A taxonomic monograph
Authors: Hansen Bertel
Published: March 2008

A taxonomic treatment of the genus Ptyssiglottis including Ancylacanthus, Hallieracantha, Oreothyrsus, and Polytrema is given. The phylogeny is briefly dealt with. Leaf morphology, inflorescence morphology and pollen morphology yield important characters. The distribution of selected characters is mapped. The distribution of all species is mapped. Eight new species are published viz. P. campanulata, P. decurrens, P. fusca, P. glandulifera, P. longisepala, P. mucronata, P. pubescens, and P. stamino‐difera. Fifteen new combinations are made viz. P. caudata, P. creaghii, P. cuprea, P. cyrtandroides, P. dulcamarioides, P. fastidiosa, P. glabrisepala, P. granulata, P. nigrescens, P. peranthera, P. psychotriifolia, P. pubisepala, P. salicifolia, P. sanguinolenta, and P. undulata.
Phylogenetic and biogeographic implications of chloroplast DNA variation in Picea
Authors: Sigurgeirsson Aðalsteinn , Szmidt Alfred E.
Published: March 2008

Purified chloroplast DNA (cp DNA) extracts from 31 species of Picea and two species of Pinus (P. sylvestris and P. cembra) were digested with eight restriction endo‐nucleases, separated by electrophoresis and scored for restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The resulting data was analyzed phenetically and cladistically. The phenetic analysis indicated lower levels of cpDNA differentiation within Picea than within Pinus and lower levels of differentiation among Eurasian than among North‐American Picea species. The cladistic analysis, using Pinus sylvestris as an outgroup, suggested monophyly for Picea and resolved several monophyletic groups among the 31 species of Picea. An assessment of biogeographic events, based on the cladogram, suggests that Picea originated in North‐America and that the colonization of Eurasia occurred through separate, intercontinental migrations.
Taxa of vascular plants new to the flora of Greenland
Authors: Bay Christian
Published: March 2008

The vascular plant flora of Greenland has been increased by four new species, Puccinellia bruggemanni, Pedicularis sudetica ssp. albolabiata, Geum rossii, and Trientalis europaea, and one subspecies, Phippsia algida ssp. algidiformis. In addition, the viviparous form of Poa hartzii f. prolifera has been found for the first time in Greenland. For each taxa a description of the habitat, the known distribution in Greenland, and the total distribution are given. The possible immigration routes and relative age of the species in the Greenland flora are discussed. Totally, the number of vascular plant species in Greenland has been increased by eleven since the publication of the Flora of Greenland in 1978 giving 513.
Interspecific hybridization with Hordeum depressum (Poaceae)
Authors: Knutsson Tommy , von Bothmer Roland
Published: March 2008

Hordeum depressum is a distinct, reproductively isolated, tetraploid species. The study of meiosis in hybrids with the closest congeneric relatives revealed intermediate to low pairing with most species. The exceptions are Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. californicum and H. arizonicum. H. depressum, probably share one highly similar genome with ssp. californicum and perhaps two with H. arizonicum. However, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions based only on meiotic figures, since the pairing may be disturbed by high autosyndetic pairing between the H. depressurn genomes.
A new species of Lepidagathis (Acanthaceae) from central Somalia and the demise of Lindauea
Authors: Hedrén Mikael
Published: March 2008

Lepidaguthis villosa is described from central Somalia. Its relation to other species in the genus and to Lindaueu is discussed. Linduuea speciosa is transferred to Lepidagathis.
Pericarp structure and systematic positions of five genera of Lamiaceae subg. Nepetoideae tribe Ocimeae
Authors: Ryding Olof
Published: March 2008

Pericarp structure has been investigated in five genera of Lamiaceae subg. Nepetoideae tribe Ocimeae which were omitted or poorly studied by Ryding (1992a): Hanceola, Limniboza, Skapanthus, Tetradenia and Thorncroftia. In the light of the results, the systematic position of these and some related genera are discussed. Limniboza is suggested to belong to Ocimeae subtribe Ociminae, the Acrocephalusgroup. Hanceola (incl. Siphocranion), Isodon, Skapanthus (which is resurrected as a genus), Tetradenia and Thorncroftia apparently do not fit into any of the three traditional subtribes (Hyptidinae, Ociminae or Plectranthinae). The three Asiatic genera, Hanceola, Isodon and Skapanthus might together form a new subtribe. Tetradenia and Thorncroftia have more isolated positions in the Ocimeae.
Centaurea prolongi and C. crocata in Portugal: an old confusion
Authors: Jacas Núria Garcia , de la Serna Alfonso Susanna
Published: March 2008

Centaurea crocata, described in 1984 from the Serra de Monchique in the Algarve (S Portugal), has a long history of confusion with C. prolongi from S Spain. From the study of herbarium specimens and of living plants, authors conclude that all previous Portuguese citations of C. prolongi belong actually to C. crocata. However, authors' studies confirm the real presence of C. prolongi in some relictic localities in the limestones of the extreme south of the Algarve. A morphologic comparison between the two species is performed and authors suggest for C. crocata a hypothetical hybrid origin between C. prolongi and a species of sect. Chamaecyanus.
Geonoma polyandra (Arecaceae), a new species from Ecuador
Authors: Skov Flemming
Published: March 2008

Geonoma polyandra, a new species of Arecaceae from Ecuador is described. It has staminate flowers with 10–12 stamens. Species with more than six stamens have previously not been described in the genus.
Garcinìa dhanìkharíensis (Clusiaceae), a new species from Andaman Islands, India
Authors: Srivastava S. K.
Published: March 2008

A new species Garcinia dhanìkharíensis (Clusiaceae) from South Andaman, India is described and illustrated.
Revisions of Pterogastra and Schwackaea (Melastomataceae: Melastomeae)
Authors: Renner Susanne S.
Published: March 2008

The closely related neotropical melastomean genera Pterogastra and Schwackaea are revised, the species illustrated, and their distribution mapped. Schwackaea is maintained as a monotypic genus because it is readily distinguished from all other melastomes by its 8‐winged capsule. This weedy little plant occurs from Mexico throughout Central America, chiefly on the Pacific slope, to northern Colombia and on Cocos Island and grows in natural or man‐made savannas from sealevel to 2000 m altitude. Two species are recognized in Pterogastra and one new combination, P. divaricata spp. glabra, is made. Pterogastra is characterized by distinctly 4‐ or 5‐winged capsules, unlike those of Schwackaea or any other New World melastome. The more widespread species occurs in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Ecuador, and Peru at altitudes between sealevel and 2600 m in natural or disturbed grasslands. The second species is endemic in southwestern Venezuela and is confined to natural savannas at low altitudes.
Lectotypification of the red alga Ceramium secundatum Lyngbye
Authors: Boo Sung Min , Rueness Jan
Published: March 2008

Ceramium secundatum is typified by a cystocarp‐bearing specimen from the Faroes in Lyngbye's herbarium (C). This specimen resembles that illustrated by Lyngbye (1819, Tab. 37 A). The type locality was revisited in 1992 and C. secundatum and other Ceramium spp. were collected.
Pollination biology, mating system, and seed set in a Danish population of Saxifraga granulata
Authors: Hansen J. E. Lindgaard , Molau U.
Published: March 2008

Saxifraga granulata is able to reproduce both sexually and vegetatively. In an earlier report from Denmark, seed set was said to be low, the species reproducing mainly vegetatively by means of bulbils. Furthermore, investigations in northern England have shown inbreeding depression in gynodioecious 5. granulata populations. The present study, however, demonstrates that 5. granulata is fully self‐compatible in Denmark; seed set per flower in hand‐selfings was on average 70%, compared to ca. 80% in control plants. Nevertheless, despite high seed set, reproduction by bulbils is probably the most important mode of reproduction. Saxifraga granulata has typically opportunistic flowers which are white, UV‐neutral compared to the background reflexion, and offering only a small standing crop of nectar. Optical attraction by the massive flowering over a relatively short period is regarded as a way of overcoming competition from co‐occurring, simultaneously flowering species. Saxifraga granulata flowers received visits from at least 27 different insects species. Based on number of recorded flower visits, records on foraging time, and investigations of body surface pollen loads, Rhamphomyia sulcata (Empididae), Cheilosia spp. (Syrphidae), Polyblepharis opaca (Empididae), and Halictus spp. (s. I.) (Halictidae) were found to be the most important pollen vectors in the 5. granulata population.
On the identity of orchid populations: a morphometric study of the Dactylorhiza traunsteineri complex in eastern Sweden
Authors: Andersson Eva
Published: March 2008

Dactylorhiza traunsteineri sensu lato is a highly variable, tetraploid aggregate of narrow‐leaved marsh orchids with a poorly known distribution. The uncertain distribution is due to difficulties in identifying populations, especially in marginal areas. Populations from calcareous fens in the eastern parts of Sweden were analysed. Predictions concerning morphological differentiation and population structure were tested with multivariate discriminant analyses and by comparing individuals within populations in terms of diagnostic characters. Four possible taxa were considered: D. russowii, D. traunsteineri, D. traunsteineri spp. pycnantha and the variety pusilla. It was concluded that all populations investigated in eastern Sweden belong to one variable taxon, D. traunsteineri.
Floral scent variation in the Pyrola rotundifolia complex in Scandinavia and Western Greenland
Authors: Knudsen Jette T.
Published: March 2008

The variation in floral scent composition within and among populations of four taxa belonging to the Pyrola rotundifolia complex was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis. Two major groups were recognized, P. norvegica and P. grandiflora on the one side and P. rotundifolia s. str. on the other. Benzaldehyde dominated the scent of the first group and methoxy benzenes and phenyl propanoids that of the second group. A large variation in the floral scent chemistry was found both within some of the studied populations as well as among them. The floral scent composition of P. rotundifolia ssp. maritima was no more different from P. rotundifolia ssp. rotundifolia, than the differences between populations of P. rotundifolia ssp. rotundifolia. The findings are in partial agreement with the current delimitation of the taxa in the P. rotundifolia complex.
Three new species of Portulaca sect. Neossia from east and northeast Africa
Authors: Gilbert M. G.
Published: March 2008

Three new species of Portulaca sect. Neossia are described: P. constricta from SE Ethiopia and Somalia; P. commutata, widespread in the Somali‐Masai phytochorion of east and northeast Africa, and P. bulbifera from S Ethiopia and N Kenya.
Floristic composition, structure, and dynamics of an upper montane rain forest in Southern Ecuador
Authors: Madsen Jens Elgaard , Øllgaard Benjamin
Published: March 2008

Two 1 ha plots of undisturbed upper montane rain forest in southern Ecuador were sampled for all trees with a dbh ≥ 5 cm. An extraordinarily high α‐diversity for a forest near treeline is described. The “non‐ridge forest” plot at 2900 m elevation has 75 species and 28 families ha‐1 and is believed to represent an advanced stage of succession whereas, the “ridge forest” plot at 2700 m elevation with 90 species and 38 families ha‐1 has a more rapid turn‐over rate probably due to a more unstable environment. Downslope forces (soil creep) are discussed as a possible cause for 32–44% of all trees being inclined more than 30° in the moderately steep terrain (average slope 20° in both study plots). The plot of “non‐ridge forest” is characterized by a much greater biomass whether expressed as basal area (44 m2 versus 15 m2) or stem volume (214 m3 versus 52 m3), while the density is equally high (2310 versus 2090 trees ha‐1) in both plots. Families with Family Importance Value >25 / ha‐1 are Clusiaceae, Cunoniaceae, Melastomataceae, Myrsinaceae, and Ternstroemiaceae.
Neomussaenda (Rubiaceae), a new genus from Borneo
Authors: Tange Christian
Published: March 2008

A new genus, Neomussaenda is described to accommodate the species Greenea xanthophytoides and the new species Neomussaenda kostermansiana, described here. Neomussaenda is endemic to Borneo and differs from the genus Greenea in the induplicate‐valvate aestivation, shape and indumentum of the corolla, heterostyly, bifid stipules, pollen morphology, seed exotestal cells with tuberculate inner wall, ideoblasts filled with numerous minute druses, and fruits not opening while attached to the inflorescence, but may open later loculicidally by decay. It is close to the genera Pseudonmussaenda and Schizomussaenda, with which it shares the induplicate‐valvate aestivation and fruits with a splitting zone for loculicidaly dehiscence. Neomussaenda is placed in the tribe Isertieae.
A new species of Festuca (Gramineae) from Ethiopia
Authors: Phillips S. M.
Published: March 2008

The new fine‐leaved species Festuca gilbertiana is described from the Semien mountains in Ethiopia. It is most closely related to F. obturbans and F. macrophylla.
Flora, vegetation, and soil in broadleaved ancient and planted woodland, and scrub on RøsnÆs, Denmark
Authors: Petersen Peter Milan
Published: March 2008

9 small ancient woodlands (>200 years), 9 planted woodland sites (25 — ca. 100 years), and 6 sites in grazed scrub (ca. 100 years) on the RøsnÆs peninsula, Denmark, showed characteristic differences: in ancient woodland, the tree and shrub layer was fairly rich, the field layer rather poor in species. The dominance of spring flowering geophytes, the abundance of Anemone nemorosa, and the occurrence of Corylus avellana and Polygonatum multiflorum were characteristic. pH of the soil was relatively low, organic matter content high, and light intensity at the forest floor in summer low. In planted woodland there was more light, and the field layer was rich in short‐lived species, but poor in spring flowering geophytes. Many woodland species were rare in planted woodland, some did not at all occur there, and none were specific for this type of woodland. The scrub was marked by grazing and a strong relief, hence pH was high and organic matter content low. The field layer was rich both in shortlived species and in spring flowering geophytes. — It is suggested that ancient woodland species (i.e. species restricted to or preferably occurring in woodlands existing prior to the enclosure ca. 200 years ago) is a heterogenous group, consisting of a) species favoured by traditional woodland management; b) species restricted to woodlands where specific environmental (e.g. soil) conditions have had sufficient time to develop; c) species with limited ability to spread or establish; or d) species which in ancient woodland are represented by small and scattered populations.
New combinations within the genus Colaconema (Acrochaetiaceae, Bangiophyceae)
Authors: Nielsen Ruth
Published: March 2008

For the coming checklist of marine macroalgae in Denmark the following combinations are introduced: Colaconema attenualum, C. emergens, C. gynandrum, C. savìa‐num and C. strictum.
Studies of the alpine flora along an east‐west gradient in central Western Norway
Authors: Moe Bjørn
Published: March 2008

Central Western Norway was divided up into seven mountain areas, representing an east‐west gradient from Hardangervidda (area A) westwards to the islands of Tysnes and Stord (area G). The alpine flora of totally 138 species thins out gradually where A has the greatest number (137 species) and G has the fewest (55 species). A drop of 83 species from east to west must be due to ecological barriers which prevent growth on the coastal mountains. Several factors have been taken into account and discussed. Rich Cambro‐Ordovician rocks are present in all the explored areas, but the zone narrows towards the west due to the overlying base‐poor thrusted rocks in the Caledonian nappe system. West of Hardangervidda, the summits of the mountains are almost entirely composed of acid rocks, and habitats for basiphilous species are therefore not present at the highest altitudes. Climate during the season of winter dormancy differs much more than during the growing season between east and west. Alpine plants require climatic conditions conducive to the termination of growth in autumn, a state of quiescence due to cold winters, and stable snow conditions which give a rapid transition from winter to summer. As the oceanic climate does not comply with these requirements, the number of alpine species declines. The alpine flora of Westem Norway is closely related to that of Great Britain. This is probably explained historically by a common origin during the Late Weichselian period.
Sex ratio, reproductive investment and flowering phenology in dioecious Rhamnus alaternus (Rhamnaceae)
Authors: Guitihn Javier
Published: March 2008

Guitián, J. 1995. Sex ratio, reproductive investment and flowering phenology in dioeciousRhamnus alaternus(Rhamnaceae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 139–143. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

During 1992 and 1993 I investigated the reproductive biology of the dioecious Mediterranean shrubRhamnus alaternusin a population in the northwest Iberian Peninsula. Reproductive investment was estimated as the mean total dry weight of reproductive organs per branch tip. I also estimated number of flowers produced per plant and population sex ratio, and investigated the spatial distribution of the sexes and flowering phenology. The sex ratio was 1:1, and the spatial distribution of the sexes was random. Male plants produced 2.6 times more flowers than female plants, but the overall reproductive investment by females was 5‐ to 9‐fold higher. In both years of study, male plants commenced flowering first. The male and female flowering peaks coincided closely (in late March) in both years. The results of this study suggest that male and femaleR. alaternusdiffer most notably in the amount of resources allocated to reproduction.
Six new species of ferns (Polypodiopsida) from Ecuador
Authors: Moran Robbin C. , Bllgaard Benjamin
Published: March 2008

Moran, R.C. & Øllgaard, B. 1995. Six new species of ferns (Polypodiopsida) from Ecuador. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 177–185. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

The following species of ferns from Ecuador are described as new:Blechnum mono‐morphum. Bolbitis riparia, Hecistopteris pinnatifida, Hymenophyllum hemidimorphum, Polypodium latissimum, andSaccoloma laxum.
Seed set and germination in crosses within and between two geographically isolated small populations of Saxifraga hirculus in Denmark
Authors: Dahlgaard Jesper , Warncke Esbern
Published: March 2008

Dahlgaard, J. & Warncke, E. 1995. Seed set and germination in crosses within and between two geographically isolated small populations of Saxifraga hirculus in Denmark. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 337–341. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Seed set and germination were studied in two geographically isolated populations of Saxifraga hirculus in Jutland, Denmark. The size of the populations differed, but both were assumed to exhibit significant genetic homogeneity and inbreeding due to (1) small population size (2) limited pollen flow and seed dispersal and (3) absence of gene flow between populations. Crosses within populations, as well as reciprocal crosses between populations, were carried out in the field. Seed number, proportion of developing seeds, germination percent, and germination rate were found to be greater for crosses between populations than for crosses within populations. Variation in seed size was found to be larger for maternal plants from the smaller population.
Changes in the occurrence and abundance of plant species in a Norwegian boreal coniferous forest, 1988–1993
Authors: Økland Rune Halvorsen
Published: March 2008

Økland, R. H. 1995. Changes in the occurrence and abundance of Dlants sDecies in a Norwegian boreal coniferois forest, 1988–1993. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 415–438. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Changes in the occurrence and abundance of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in a S Norwegian old‐growth coniferous forest were studied, using 1 m2 plots divided into 16 subplots. Fifty plots were analyzed for six consecutive years, 199 plots were analyzed at the beginning and the end of the study (in 1988 and 1993). Nonparametric tests were performed for combinations of species, data type (occurrence or abundance), forest type (spruce or pine), and time period (one‐year or five‐year). Results are interpreted by use of species persistence data, and by detailed comparisons with European long‐term and experimental studies. Abundance changes in the pine forest are probably due to short‐term (between‐year) climatic fluctuations, notably drought. Some effects of the observers are also seen. True five‐year trends were found in the spruce forest: (1) Deschampsia flexuosa (increase), (2) several vascular plant species with preference for richer sites, notably Oxalis acetosella (decrease), and (3) most bryophyte species (increase). True trends for vascular plants are discussed in relation to deposition of airborne nitrogen and soil acidification, while the increase of bryophytes probably is due to particularly favourable growth conditions in the five‐year period.
On the taxonomic relation between Synura curtispina and S. favus (Synurophyceae).
Authors: Kristiansen Jørgen , Lind Jeanne Funch
Published: March 2008

Krisitansen, J. & Lind, J. F. 1995. On the taxonomic relation between Synura curtispina and S. favus (Synurophyceae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 443–448. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.

Petersen & Hansen described several forms of Synura spinosa, among them f. curtispina. Asmund clarified further differences and raised f. curtispina to species rank. Besides S. curtispina, she described an additional form: f. reticulata. Bradley described S. favus from Scotland. This species shows obvious similarity with S. curtispina f. curtispina and S. curtispina f. reticulata. In the present study, scale morphology and ultrastructure are compared in order to clarify the taxonomic relation between these three taxa. Because of their obvious similarities, it is concluded that they should be united under the name of S. curtispina.
Lectotypifications and new combinations for Flora Nordica Vol. 1 (Lycopodiaceae–Papaveraceae)
Authors: Jonsell Bengt
Published: March 2008

Names of 34 taxa based on Nordic or Arctic material are lecto‐ or, in a few cases, neo‐typified, published as new combinations or, discussed because of a change of basionym or other reasons.–Flora Nordica note No. 18.
A new species of Polycarpaea (Caryophyllaceae) from Somalia
Authors: Thulin Mats
Published: March 2008

The new species Polycarpaea basaltica, from an area of basalt rocks at the coast of northern Somalia, is described and illustrated.
Vegetation changes in semi‐natural meadows after abandonment in coastal northern Finland
Authors: Huhta Ari‐Pekka
Published: March 2008

A research project on traditional cultural landscapes in coastal northern Finland provided the opportunity to compare presently managed meadow sites to a series of corresponding abandoned sites. Twenty‐two grassland habitats. either grazed or mown, were studied to analyze differences between species compositions The data were classified with TWINSPAN and ordinated with Detrended Correspondence Analysis and Canonical Correspondence Analysis. The multivariate analysis recognized successfully habitats that are either presently used or differ considerably from the others by their moisture gradient although a few very coininon generalist species were present in almost every seral stage studied. The studied deviant habitats resemble most of the previously described vegetation types in northern Finland. Results suggest that drought can delay the invasion of tall broad‐leaved species. The results also support the idea that abandoned meadows of corresponding moisture gradients begin to resemhle each other in later stages of succession. Multivariate methods can be used to determine the succession stages in grassland habitats and thus help to determine the urgency for restoration practices.