bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discussion on the Legal Path of “Railway + Industry” Construction Mode Based on Green and Low Carbon Xiaoyi Geng
Authors: Geng Xiaoyi
Published: November 2024

The transformation of established railways is encountering several practical dilemmas. Given the influence of aging rail infrastructure on urban development and the rule of law within
society, it is evident that the low-carbon transformation of old railways represents an inevitable trend
in social development. Consequently, this study proposes an integrated development model of
‘railway + industry,’ which emphasizes the green transformation of outdated railways while
addressing the requirements of financial balance and reduced emissions. Furthermore, an in-depth
examination of the policy and legal challenges associated with the regeneration of railways
following the introduction of new industries is conducted. The findings suggest that, in the absence
of effective nationwide legal support for carbon emission reduction at this time, establishing a
carbon emission reduction fund may be a viable solution. This fund would provide financial
assistance for carbon budgeting and establish a corresponding guarantee mechanism, alongside a
clearly defined legislative pathway, thereby facilitating the green and low-carbon development of the
engineering and construction sectors
Financial Inclusion and Digital Banking: Current Trends and Future Directions
Authors:   Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, Shah Syed
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This systematic review investigates the role of digital banking technologies such as mobile banking, digital wallets, AI-powered credit scoring, and blockchain technology in promoting financial inclusion from 2010 to 2024. The objective is to assess the impacts of these technologies on enhancing financial access, particularly for unbanked and underserved populations. Methods: Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2024, addressing the effects of digital banking technologies on financial inclusion. The studies were required to be in English and include empirical research, case studies, or systematic reviews. Non-peer-reviewed articles, studies unrelated to digital banking, and duplicates were excluded. Searches were conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and JSTOR, using keywords such as “unbanked populations,” “fintech,” “blockchain in finance,” “AI in banking,” “digital banking,” and “financial inclusion.” The risk of bias was assessed based on study design quality and relevance. Out of 150 initially identified studies, 40 were included after title, abstract, and full-text screening. Main Findings: The synthesis of 40 studies revealed that mobile banking has significantly increased financial access, especially in regions like sub-Saharan Africa, enhancing savings and money transfer processes. Digital wallets have also improved accessibility, though concerns about data security and privacy persist. AI-driven credit scoring models have democratized access to credit, especially for individuals lacking traditional credit histories. Blockchain shows promise in improving transaction transparency and reducing costs but faces regulatory hurdles. Conclusion: For digital banking technologies to effectively promote financial inclusion, robust regulatory frameworks, enhanced digital literacy, and sustainable digital infrastructure are critical. These advancements are necessary to ensure the widespread and equitable adoption of digital financial services.
Seasonal Variation of Air Pollutants Concentration around Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ugwa C. D. , Adesope O. M. , Numbere A. O.
Published: November 2024

With the rapid population growth and industrialization across developing countries in recent times, the release of air pollutants into the environment has drawn global attention to the health-related impact on humans. The study examined the seasonal variation of air pollutants concentration around Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Using areas such as Airport Road (AR), Rumuokoro (Rum) and Nigerian Port Authority (NPA), the air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM1, PM10, PM2.5), Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), Methane (CH4), Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), Carbon IV oxide (CO2) were assessed during wet season (June) and dry season (December) using Aeroqual 500 Multi-Gas Analyzer, with up-to-date calibration. At Rum, the NO2 (0.006ppm and 0.122pm) and SO2 (0.03ppm and 0.05ppm) were within the WHO-AQG, while the CO concentrations of 18ppm and 6ppm were above the WHO-AQG. H2S was undetected at all locations, and CH4 concentration was higher at AR (58ppm and 65ppm) than at other locations, while the detected O3 across the locations and seasons (AR-0.33ppm and 0.36ppm, Rum-0.48ppm and 0.31ppm, NPA-0.18ppm and 0.11ppm) are within the WHO-AQG. Particulate maters-PM1, PM10, and PM2.5 were detected across the locations and seasons, while the highest concentration was reported at Rum (21ppm and 29ppm, 55ppm and 65ppm, and 41ppm). The variation in air pollutants across the studied locations suggests the influence of similar sources or patterns based on anthropogenic actions or microclimate parameters. There is a need to develop monitoring mechanisms, regulations and enforcement measures for air quality management practices.
Műszaki műanyagok forgácsolásának vizsgálata
Authors: Kovács Róbert , Korzenszky Péter , Keresztes Róbert
Published: November 2024

During the turning process, we have investigated the problems that can arise, such as avoiding the formation of flow chips, which are eliminated by sawing the workpiece longitudinally. Furthermore, we measured the main cutting forces acting on the blade and the cutting forces in the feed direction at different feed rates, depths of grip and cutting speeds, and investigated possible correlations between these. Chips produced at different cutting parameters and with different materials were investigated. All turning operations are carried out without emulsion and all other coolants for environmental and other reasons. The specific cutting resistances have been determined, which are important for determining good tool utilisation and also for planning the economics of machining The aim of this research is to define machining parameters that can be used in practice for the engineering plastics under investigation, so that the machining of these materials by turning can be made more economical.
Naître ou ne pas être. Temps et contretemps de la maxime infans conceptus
Authors: Gidrol-Mistral Gaële , Lessard Michaël
Published: November 2024

L’enfant conçu mais non encore né est un objet élusif que le droit civil peine à saisir. Dans une enquête publiée en 2013, consacrée à la construction par la doctrine du statut juridique de l’embryon humain à travers la maxime infans conceptus, Gaële Gidrol-Mistral et Anne Saris ont mis en lumière une pluralité de perspectives doctrinales qui rejaillissent sur le statut de l’enfant conçu. Leur étude révèle une doctrine qui oscille entre lui attribuer le statut de chose ou de personne. À l’heure où les technologies procréatives ne cessent de se développer, que la grossesse pour autrui prend place dans le Code civil du Québec et que les débats politiques sur l’avortement se ravivent, comprendre le berceau doctrinal de ces enjeux devient nécessaire. Partant de cette enquête, le présent article retrace chacune des perspectives doctrinales pour les confronter aux situations de l’utérus artificiel, de l’enfant mort-né et de la grossesse pour autrui.
Evaluation of marine pigment bacteria-related biological potential research over 9 decades (1933–2023): A bibliometric and visualization analysis
Authors: Prastiyanto Muhammad Evy , Khairunnisa Afifah , Rukmana Rizal Maarif , Kusmita Lia , Mutmainah Mutmainah , Wathon Muhammad Hizbul , Darmawati Sri , Kurniawan Kurniawan
Published: November 2024

Marine pigment bacteria have the ability to synthesize a wide range of bioactive chemicals with a variety of industrial and medical applications, they have attracted a lot of attention recently. These bacteria can produce pigments with a variety of biological properties. Researchers have discovered that the pigments made by marine bacteria contain antibacterial, anti-cancer, antiviral, and antioxidant properties that make them desirable for application in a variety of industries. The study aimed to analyze the global profile of literature on pigment marine bacteria. A bibliometric analysis of research papers on marine pigment bacteria that were indexed in the Scopus database between 1933 and 2023 is presented in this article. A total of 955 publications were published worldwide, with an average of 11 documents being produced each year. With 183 documents, the US produced the most, followed by India with 128, China with 116, and Germany with 101. Global publication numbers have been rising consistently since 2007. Antimicrobial activities, bacterial isolation, sequence homology, and marine biology are becoming more important topics for this field’s research on a global scale. The current study offers a distinctive summary of marine pigment bacteria research conducted worldwide from 1933 to 2023, and it can be useful in directing future studies.
Antropologia de um jovem disciplinado: Darcy Ribeiro no serviço de proteção aos índios, 1947-1956
Authors: Arouca Gomes de Brito Carolina
Published: November 2024

A autora analisa a trajetória de Darcy Ribeiro entre o fim da década de 1940 e meados da década de 1950, quando, recém-formado pela Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política de São Paulo (ELSP), ele passou a fazer parte dos quadros especializados do Serviço de Proteção aos Índios (SPI). Para esta análise, ela recorre aos textos do antropólogo e a material arquivístico do período citado, com grande ênfase na correspondência trocada entre ele e alguns intelectuais da época.
Inhibition on neutrophil extracellular traps by oligomeric procyanidins alleviate chemotherapy-induced chronic kidney injury via gut-kidney axis
Authors: Luan Yaqi , He Weiwei , Jiang Kunmao , Qiu Shenghui , Jin Lan , Mao Xinrui , Huang Ying , Liu Wentao , Cao Jingyuan , Jin Lai , Wang Rong
Published: November 2024

Cisplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for various solid tumors in the clinic, but its use is limited by adverse effects in normal tissues. In particular, cisplatin administration often damages the kidneys. However, little is known about how to alleviate cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) specifically. Here, we found that repeated low-dose cisplatin (RLDC) recruited neutrophils to the proximal tubule, thereby promoting the progression of CKD in the mouse model. Mechanically, cisplatin destroyed the intestinal epithelium, which induced dysregulation of gut flora and intestinal leakage. It triggered Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation, accumulating in the proximal tubule and promotes chronic inflammation and fibrosis, and promotes chronic hypoxia, leading to poor regeneration that promotes CKD progression. NETs provided a scaffold for tissue factors (TF) adhesion and metalloid-matrix protease 9 (MMP-9) activation, which triggers local ischemia and hypoxia. In addition, NETs promoted inflammasome construction through NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) shear and secretion of mature interleukin-18 (IL18), which subsequently released interferon-γ (IFN-γ), contributing to renal interstitial fibrosis. We proposed that oligomeric procyanidins (OPC) ameliorated RLDC-induced CKD through multi-targeting damage induced by NETs. OPC ameliorated microcirculatory disorders and inhibited inflammation by protecting the intestinal mucosa barrier and subsequent bacterial endotoxin translocation. Furthermore, we found that OPC directly blocked LPS & cisplatin-induced NETs formation in vitro. In summary, NETs play a pivotal role in CKD, which OPC alleviates by inhibiting TF/MMP-9 and IL-18-NLRP3 pathways. OPCs protect the kidney by inhibiting NETs production through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and restoring the balance of the intestinal flora
An antisense oligonucleotide-based strategy to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Thakur Pratibha , Lackinger Martin , Diamantopoulou Anastasia , Rao Sneha , Chen Yijing , Khalizova Khakima , Ferng Annie , Mazur Curt , Kordasiewicz Holly , Shprintzen Robert J , Markx Sander , Xu Bin , Gogos Joseph A
Published: November 2024

Adults and children with the 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome demonstrate cognitive, social and emotional impairments and high risk for schizophrenia. Work in mouse model of the 22q11.2 deletion provided compelling evidence for abnormal expression and processing of microRNAs. A major transcriptional effect of the microRNA dysregulation is up-regulation of
Emc10,
a component of the ER membrane complex, which promotes membrane insertion of a subset of polytopic and tail-anchored membrane proteins. We previously uncovered a key contribution of EMC10 in mediating the behavioral phenotypes observed in 22q11.2 deletion mouse models. Here we show that expression and processing of miRNAs is abnormal and
EMC10
expression is elevated in neurons derived from 22q11.2 deletion carriers. Reduction of
EMC10 levels
restores defects in neurite outgrowth and calcium signaling in patient neurons. Furthermore, antisense oligonucleotide administration and normalization of
Emc10
in the adult mouse brain not only alleviates cognitive deficits in social and spatial memory but sustains these improvements for over two months post injection, indicating its therapeutic potential. Broadly, our study integrates findings from both animal models and human neurons to elucidate the translational potential of modulating
EMC10
levels and downstream targets as a specific venue to ameliorate disease progression in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.
A spatial threshold for astrocyte calcium surge
Authors: Lines Justin , Baraibar Andres , Nanclares Carmen , Martín Eduardo D , Aguilar Juan , Kofuji Paulo , Navarrete Marta , Araque Alfonso
Published: November 2024

Astrocytes are active cells involved in brain function through the bidirectional communication with neurons, in which the astrocyte calcium signal plays a crucial role. Synaptically-evoked calcium increases can be localized to independent subcellular domains or expand to the entire cell, i.e., calcium surge. In turn, astrocytes may regulate individual synapses by calcium-dependent release of gliotransmitters. Because a single astrocyte may contact ∼100,000 synapses, the control of the intracellular calcium signal propagation may have relevant consequences on brain function by regulating the spatial range of astrocyte neuromodulation of synapses. Yet, the properties governing the spatial dynamics of the astrocyte calcium signal remains poorly defined. Imaging subcellular responses of cortical astrocytes to sensory stimulation in mice, we show that sensory-evoked astrocyte calcium responses originated and remained localized in domains of the astrocytic arborization, but eventually propagated to the entire cell if a spatial threshold of >23% of the arborization being activated was surpassed. Using transgenic

IP
3
R2
-/-

mice, we found that type-2 IP
3
receptors were necessary for the generation of the astrocyte calcium surge. We finally show using in situ electrophysiological recordings that the spatial threshold of the astrocyte calcium signal consequently determined the gliotransmitter release. Present results reveal a fundamental property of astrocyte calcium physiology, i.e., a spatial threshold for the astrocyte intracellular calcium signal propagation, which depends on astrocyte intrinsic properties and governs the astrocyte integration of local synaptic activity and the subsequent neuromodulation.
A genome-wide nucleosome-resolution map of promoter-centered interactions in human cells corroborates the enhancer-promoter looping model
Authors: Golov Arkadiy K , Gavrilov Alexey A , Kaplan Noam , Razin Sergey V
Published: November 2024

The enhancer-promoter looping model, in which enhancers activate their target genes via physical contact, has long dominated the field of gene regulation. However, the ubiquity of this model has been questioned due to evidence of alternative mechanisms and the lack of its systematic validation, primarily owing to the absence of suitable experimental techniques. In this study, we present a new MNase-based proximity ligation method called MChIP-C, allowing for the measurement of protein-mediated chromatin interactions at single-nucleosome resolution on a genome-wide scale. By applying MChIP-C to study H3K4me3 promoter-centered interactions in K562 cells, we found that it had greatly improved resolution and sensitivity compared to restriction endonuclease-based C-methods. This allowed us to identify EP300 histone acetyltransferase and the SWI/SNF remodeling complex as potential candidates for establishing and/or maintaining enhancer-promoter interactions. Finally, leveraging data from published CRISPRi screens, we found that most functionally-verified enhancers do physically interact with their cognate promoters, supporting the enhancer-promoter looping model.
Brain state and cortical layer-specific mechanisms underlying perception at threshold
Authors: Morton Mitchell P , Denagamage Sachira , Blume Isabel J , Reynolds John H , Jadi Monika P , Nandy Anirvan S
Published: November 2024

Identical stimuli can be perceived or go unnoticed across successive presentations, producing divergent behavioral outcomes despite similarities in sensory input. We sought to understand how fluctuations in behavioral state and cortical layer and cell class-specific neural activity underlie this perceptual variability. We analyzed physiological measurements of state and laminar electrophysiological activity in visual area V4 while monkeys were rewarded for correctly reporting a stimulus change at perceptual threshold. Hit trials were characterized by a behavioral state with heightened arousal, greater eye position stability, and enhanced decoding performance of stimulus identity from neural activity. Target stimuli evoked stronger responses in V4 in hit trials, and excitatory neurons in the superficial layers, the primary feed-forward output of the cortical column, exhibited lower variability. Feed-forward interlaminar population correlations were stronger on hits. Hit trials were further characterized by greater synchrony between the output layers of the cortex during spontaneous activity, while the stimulus-evoked period showed elevated synchrony in the feed-forward pathway. Taken together, these results suggest that a state of elevated arousal and stable retinal images allow enhanced processing of sensory stimuli, which contributes to hits at perceptual threshold.
A scale-invariant log-normal droplet size distribution below the critical concentration for protein phase separation
Authors: Amico Tommaso , Dada Samuel Toluwanimi , Lazzari Andrea , Brezinova Michaela , Trovato Antonio , Vendruscolo Michele , Fuxreiter Monika , Maritan Amos
Published: November 2024

Many proteins have been recently shown to undergo a process of phase separation that leads to the formation of biomolecular condensates. Intriguingly, it has been observed that some of these proteins form dense droplets of sizeable dimensions already below the critical concentration, which is the concentration at which phase separation occurs. To understand this phenomenon, which is not readily compatible with classical nucleation theory, we investigated the properties of the droplet size distributions as a function of protein concentration. We found that these distributions can be described by a scale-invariant log-normal function with an average that increases progressively as the concentration approaches the critical concentration from below. The results of this scaling analysis suggest the existence of a universal behaviour independent of the sequences and structures of the proteins undergoing phase separation. While we refrain from proposing a theoretical model here, we suggest that any model of protein phase separation should predict the scaling exponents that we reported here from the fitting of experimental measurements of droplet size distributions. Furthermore, based on these observations, we show that it is possible to use the scale invariance to estimate the critical concentration for protein phase separation.
Unified extractive-abstractive summarization: a hybrid approach utilizing BERT and transformer models for enhanced document summarization
Authors: S. Divya , N. Sripriya , Andrew J. , Mazzara Manuel
Published: November 2024

With the exponential proliferation of digital documents, there arises a pressing need for automated document summarization (ADS). Summarization, a compression technique, condenses a source document into concise sentences that encapsulate its salient information for summary generation. A primary challenge lies in crafting a dependable summary, contingent upon both extracted features and human-established parameters. This article introduces an intelligent methodology that seamlessly integrates extractive and abstractive techniques to ensure heightened relevance between the input document and its summary. Initially, input sentences undergo transformation into representations utilizing BERT, subsequently transposed into a symmetric matrix based on their similarity. Semantically congruent sentences are then extracted from this matrix to construct an extractive summary. The transformer model integrates an objective function highly symmetric and invariant under unitary transformation for language generation. This model refines the extracted informative sentences and generates an abstractive summary akin to manually crafted summaries. Employing this hybrid summarization technique on the CNN/DailyMail dataset and DUC2004, we evaluate its efficacy using ROUGE metrics. Results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed technique over conventional summarization methods.
Out of (the) bag—encoding categorical predictors impacts out-of-bag samples
Authors: Smith Helen L. , Biggs Patrick J. , French Nigel P. , Smith Adam N. H. , Marshall Jonathan C.
Published: November 2024

Performance of random forest classification models is often assessed and interpreted using out-of-bag (OOB) samples. Observations which are OOB when a tree is trained may serve as a test set for that tree and predictions from the OOB observations used to calculate OOB error and variable importance measures (VIM). OOB errors are popular because they are fast to compute and, for large samples, are a good estimate of the true prediction error. In this study, we investigate how target-based vs. target-agnostic encoding of categorical predictor variables for random forest can bias performance measures based on OOB samples. We show that, when categorical variables are encoded using a target-based encoding method, and when the encoding takes place prior to bagging, the OOB sample can underestimate the true misclassification rate, and overestimate variable importance. We recommend using a separate test data set when evaluating variable importance and/or predictive performance of tree based methods that utilise a target-based encoding method.
Gradación y escalas en la prefijación con sobre-
Authors: Martín García Josefa
Published: November 2024

En este artículo se estudian las formaciones prefijadas con sobre- a partir de su significado y de las restricciones en este proceso morfológico. El objetivo es mostrar que la aparente polisemia del prefijo puede explicarse a partir de un significado general común a todas las formaciones. Así, todas las palabras con el prefijo sobre- expresan un punto superior en una escala. La diferencia entre los significados de locación, repetición e intensidad se debe a las distintas escalas lexicalizadas en la base. El análisis unificado que proponemos permite dar cuenta de la relación entre los distintos significados que presentan las formaciones y entre las palabras prefijadas de distinta categoría gramatical.
A governança institucionalizada do turismo de Porto Alegre em diferentes gestões municipais (de 2005 a 2020)
Authors: Maio Ivone dos Passos , Pimentel Maurício Ragagnin
Published: November 2024

Este artigo avalia as implicações das trocas de gestão do executivo no desenho institucional e na governança do turismo em Porto Alegre - RS ao longo de quatro ciclos eleitorais (2005 a 2020). Também, ajuda a compreender em que medida a perda da pasta específica impacta na institucionalização da política de turismo. Para isso examinou-se: a produção legislativa, execução orçamentária, instâncias participativas e convênios com o ente federal. Os dados foram interpretados a partir das teorias de Hall (2011) e Velasco González (2016) sobre a governança em turismo e seus instrumentos. Identificou-se que a partir de 2005, período social-liberal (Fedozzi, 2022), o turismo em Porto Alegre passa a corresponder a uma governança situada entre o tipo hierárquico e o tipo em rede (Hall, 2011), tendo como marco a criação da Secretaria Municipal de Turismo. Neste período, todos os instrumentos mostram maior institucionalização da política de turismo. Já, a partir de 2017, o período neoliberal-conservador (Fedozzi, 2022), a análise aponta para a desinstitucionalização da política de turismo. No modelo de Hall (2011), a governança aproxima-se ao tipo mercadológico, em que é conferido ao mercado o papel de desenvolver a atividade turística. O artigo contribui para a literatura ao documentar que os modelos de governança mudam conforme os grupos no poder, bem como o uso dos diferentes instrumentos de política pública.
Factors Influence the Adoption of Improved Agricultural Practices among Smallholder Farmers in the Ripat Program: A Case of Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Aman Raphael , Nyanda Suzana , Massawe Goodluck
Published: November 2024

Maize plays a significant role in securing food insecurity mostly in developing countries such as Africa, especially in Tanzania where it is a main dietary staple for most people. This research assesses the factors influencing corn production levels among small-scale farmers who benefit from the RIPAT SUA Project in Morogoro, Tanzania. The project aims to improve maize production and food security through improved agriculture practices such as fertilizer use and intercropping methods. This study employed a cross-sectional design with 110 smallholder farmers. Information was collected through semi-structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and bivariate probit regression models. Findings reveal that household income, farm size, farmer experience, and training play a crucial role in adopting improved agriculture practices. Notably a significant finding is that a higher income household income increases the chances of using fertilizer by 16.9% (p= 0.015) and receiving training improves the likelihood of adopting intercropping by 8.47% (p = 0.007). However, education alone does not have a noticeable impact signifying that specialized training could be more effective in improving adoption rates among small farmers with limited formal education. The research findings conclude that increased training opportunities, specifically for farmers with minimal education, and matching access to credit availability with agricultural investment. This measure will assist small-scale in boosting productivity, eventually supporting the sustainable growth of agriculture in Tanzania.
Transforming Tax Compliance with Machine Learning: Reducing Fraud and Enhancing Revenue Collection
Authors: Olabanji Samuel Oladiipo , Olaniyi Oluwaseun Oladeji , Olaoye Olugbenga Olaposi
Published: November 2024

The integration of machine learning (ML) in tax administration has the potential to revolutionize tax compliance, enhancing fraud detection and optimizing revenue collection. This literature review explores the application of ML in tax systems, emphasizing its transformative role in addressing the limitations of traditional, labor-intensive compliance methods. Justification for adopting a literature review approach is rooted in the need to consolidate diverse perspectives, address research gaps, and provide an informed synthesis of existing findings. The study highlights the criteria used for selecting case studies and research papers, ensuring a robust analysis of ML’s ability to automate detection processes, improve risk assessment, and enable predictive analytics for efficient tax administration. Despite its potential, ML adoption is challenged by data quality issues, privacy concerns, technical infrastructure demands, and ethical considerations, which must be systematically addressed. This paper also identifies literature gaps, particularly the lack of balanced discourse, and provides recommendations for overcoming barriers, including enhancing data management practices, adopting ethical frameworks, and fostering cross-border collaboration. By addressing these challenges, ML can equip tax authorities with tools for creating efficient, adaptive, and fair systems. This research underscores ML’s growing importance in transforming global tax compliance, setting the stage for a future of more responsive and effective revenue administration.
Farmers’ Perception of Bench Terrace Performance and Effectiveness in Southern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Tassew Tuemay , Gidey Abadi
Published: November 2024

The southern Tigray region in Northern Ethiopia faces significant agricultural challenges, including soil erosion and water scarcity. To address these issues, bench terraces (BTs) have been introduced as a soil and water conservation measure. These terraces aim to enhance agricultural productivity and create land opportunities for landless youths. This study investigates farmers’ perceptions of the performance of constructed BTs in southern Tigray. It aims to understand the effectiveness and challenges associated with BTs and identify socio-economic, environmental, and technical factors from the farmers’ perspectives. The research was conducted in the Zatta, Embahasti, and Wegelen watersheds, located in the districts of Ofla, Endamekoni, and Alaje, respectively, where BTs are predominantly practiced. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data. The research highlights the importance of involving farmers in the design and implementation of conservation measures to ensure their sustainability and effectiveness. Despite the benefits, farmers reported several challenges, including inadequate maintenance, water scarcity, lack of access to infrastructure, and the labor-intensive nature of constructing and maintaining the terraces. While bench terraces are generally perceived positively for their role in soil conservation and productivity enhancement, addressing challenges related to maintenance, water access, and technical support is crucial for their sustained success. Enhanced community engagement and government support are recommended to improve the overall performance and sustainability of bench terraces in the region.
Chitozan-zeolite Composite Fertilizer Formulations for Enhancing Nutrient Use Efficiency
Authors: M G Adithya , Gladis R , B Rani
Published: November 2024

The experiment was carried out in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry at the College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Kerala, from January to May 2024. Slow release fertilizer formulations (SRF) containing all the major (N, P,K), secondary (Ca, Mg, S) and micronutrients (Zn, B) were prepared using compatible fertilizer materials(urea, diammonium phosphate, muriate of potash, phosphogypsum, magnesium sulphate, zinc sulphate and borax), carrier materials (zeolite and chitosan)  which are mixed in five ratios (1:1,1:2,1:3,2:1,3:1) and prepared by two methods namely solid impregnation and solute impregnation. Ten formulations were prepared with different combinations of fertilizer mix, carrier materials and impregnation methods. These formulations were prepared to meet the specific nutrient needs of solanaceous crops (75:40:25 N:P:K kgha-1) and the soil nutrient status. The formulations were characterized for their physical (hygroscopicity, moisture content and stability) and electro-chemical properties (pH, EC) and observed that they are non hygroscopic, non caking and are highly stable. The moisture content of formulations ranged from 2.57 % to 3.92 %, pH 6.30 to 6.81 and EC 10.06 to 16.29 dS m-1. The nutrient content in these formulations were 10.21 to 12.02 % nitrogen, 3.82 to 4.63 % phosphorus, 2.65 to 5.28 % potassium, 5.58 to 6.58 % calcium, 2.46 to 3.08% magnesium, 2.58  to  3.46% sulphur, 1.06  to 1.23% zinc  and 0.15  to  0.24%  boron. The highest nutrient content was obtained in formulation containing fertilizer mix + C-Z (1:1) prepared by solid impregnation method.
Screening Taro Germplasm against Bacterial Blight Incited by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachia
Authors: Luikham Star , Bora L.C. , Chinir Japani , Alam S. , Luiram Solei
Published: November 2024

Sixty-four Taro germplasm accessions from north east India along with two national released varieties were evaluated in natural epiphytotic field condition against bacterial blight incited by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachia for two consecutive seasons during 2018 and 2019 at an Experimental Farm for Horticultural crops, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. The results obtained for the two growing seasons were pooled together. Per cent disease incidence and disease severity ranged from 23.81 (Nepali-2) to 78.57 % (SC-1) and 14.17 (Nepali-2) to 67.50 % (SC-1) respectively. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) which directly corresponds to the bacterial disease infection with time resulting in more susceptibility to the disease ranged from 1612.5 (Sreekiran) to 9812.5 (SC-1). AUDPC was calculated from the per cent disease severity obtained from the first day of disease observation till the last day i.e. from 60 to 240 days after transplanting (DAT). The disease reactions of different germplasm to bacterial blight of colocasia were evaluated based on the disease severity (%) and disease rating scale whereby no cultivars were immune and highly susceptible to the disease. Four accessions viz. Sreekiran, Naga-2, Chandil Pin, Nepali-2 were resistant, twenty-one were moderately resistant, twenty-six were moderately susceptible and fifteen were susceptible. Variety/germplasm resistant to bacterial blight of Taro have not been reported till date. Proper selection of resistant varieties will be useful in breeding programmes and for further crop improvement.
Study of Radio Reconnaissance Receivers Designed on the Basis of Solid-state Filters
Authors: Hashimov Kh.Kh.
Published: November 2024

Radio intelligence systems are vital technological resources that contribute significantly to contemporary security, defense, and intelligence efforts. They enable the monitoring of adversaries' communication signals, the decryption of encrypted information, and the acquisition of strategic advantages. These systems are essential for military operations, counter-terrorism efforts, national security, and strategic planning. As radio intelligence continues to evolve, it is anticipated that more effective and multifunctional systems will emerge in the future.In modern electronic warfare, radio reconnaissance stations are essential for effective signal detection, classification, and geolocation of enemy communication and radar signals. Current advancements in radio reconnaissance technology focus on enhancing measurement accuracy and reliability, crucial for precise threat identification and situational awareness. Key improvements include implementing high-resolution digital signal processing algorithms, advanced filtering techniques, and real-time data fusion to increase detection precision across complex environments. Furthermore, there is a strategic emphasis on reducing the physical dimensions and weight of these stations to improve mobility and operational efficiency in diverse field conditions. Innovations in miniaturized components, lightweight materials, and compact antenna arrays are central to these design objectives, facilitating deployment in both manned and unmanned platforms. This approach not only optimizes the performance of reconnaissance stations but also broadens their applicability across various operational scenarios, making them integral to modern defense systems. In the article, the application of solid-state filters in the spectrum analyzers of radio reconnaissance receivers was considered in order to increase the measurement accuracy and reliability of radio reconnaissance stations, and to reduce their size and weight.
In the article, the modeling of load-connected filter structures was conducted to calculate quasi-statistical potential diagrams, which allows for the optimization of their parameters and reduces the design time of devices based on these filters.
The research work was carried out in military unit No. N.
Assessment of Oral Health-related Quality of Life among Adults in Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Authors: Bose Surajit , Bhattacharya Maumita , Shetty Rakshith , Sen Subhalaksmi , Choudhary Ashish , Poddar Piyali , Chattopadhyay Jayanta
Published: November 2024

Background: Oral diseases are thought to produce a negative impact on the quality of life of an individual. It is well-documented now a days that the patient's perception should be familiarized while evaluating oral diseases and the respective treatment measures. Hence, it is imperative to assess the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) that serves to be a vital indicator of the required intervention outcomes in modern-day oral health research and practice.
Aim: To assess the OHRQoL among the individuals reporting to the OPD of department of oral pathology& microbiology at Kusum Devi Sunderlal Dugar Jain Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was performed on 600 subjects with age more than 30 years were in good physical and mental health condition. OHIP-14 was used for surveys of 7 dimensions of impact i.e. functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicap.
Results: The mean age of the patient’s group was 44.57+12.62. Mean OHI-14 score of the surveyed population was 7.095+10.53. There was insignificant difference in mean ohip-14 score among males and females (P= 0.435). Oral health related quality of life was found to have positive correlation with age (R = 0.362; P< 0.0001).
Conclusion: Further research with appropriate sample size should be undertaken to emphasize on OHRQoL in the treatment procedure to facilitate in proper planning and evaluating the outcomes that is best suitable for the patient.
Unnatural Deaths Among Children In India: A Critical Analysis Of Child Rights
Authors: Prajapat Mr. Sanjay
Published: November 2024

Unnatural child mortality in India is a profound threat to the well-being and development of its young population. This research examines the issue within the framework of child rights, revealing significant contributing factors such as inadequate safety measures, socio-economic disparities, and weak enforcement of child protection laws. The study advocates a holistic approach, emphasizing the need to strengthen child protection laws, enhance education and awareness, mobilize local communities, and implement mental health interventions. Child rights, enshrined in the legal framework of India, including constitutional provisions, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), and domestic laws, play a pivotal role. However, challenges such as poverty, limited awareness, feeble enforcement, child labor, and gender-based discrimination necessitate systemic reforms. Prioritizing child rights and safety can create a secure environment for India's youngest citizens. The research draws from existing literature, highlighting the importance of community engagement, education, and a robust legal foundation in preventing unnatural child deaths. Collaboration among government, civil society organizations, academia, and international entities is crucial for sustainable change. This research seeks to raise awareness, provoke discourse, and stimulate proactive measures to safeguard India's children. Strengthening child protection and advancing child rights are fundamental imperatives with the potential to shape a fairer society
Analysis Of The Relationship Between Social Variables And Burnout Syndrome In Military Personnel
Authors: Guedes Julliany Karoliny Da Silva , Alves Carla Leitão , Oliveira Wlademir Costa Mota , Vanccin Priscila Dayane Alves , Lima Lílian Natália Ferreira De
Published: November 2024

Burnout syndrome is a sociopsychological alteration that arises as a response to emotional tension and exposure to specific stressful situations in the workplace, triggered by continuous stressors. It generally manifests in three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished professional achievement. Objective: This study aimed to relate social variables and burnout syndrome among military police officers of the 9th Battalion in the municipality of Araguatins-TO. Methodology: The methodology adopted a quantitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, utilizing questionnaires and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: The results revealed that the average age of the police officers is 42.83 years, with a predominance of married individuals (83.3%) and high educational attainment (88.1% with higher education). Although most do not have smoking habits, approximately 19% consume alcohol, and 19% are sedentary. The data indicate that age and years of service are vulnerability factors for burnout syndrome, highlighting the need for interventions focused on the mental health of these professionals. Conclusion: The research emphasizes the urgency of implementing mental health strategies for military police officers, considering the vulnerability associated with age and years of service, with the aim of mitigating the risks of burnout syndrome and promoting well-being
Knowledge And Prevalence Of Burnout Syndrome In Military Police
Authors: Silva Késia Chaves Da Silva, Bruno Costa , Moura Ivone Pereira Da Silva , Alves Adriana De Sousa , Rocha Marinalva Soares De Oliveira , Carneiro Ana Maria Da Costa Teixeira
Published: November 2024

Burnout syndrome, or professional burnout syndrome, is an emotional disorder primarily caused by excessive work, with key symptoms including extreme exhaustion, physical and emotional depletion, deep depression, negative feelings, insomnia, loss of appetite, and prolonged stress. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the knowledge and prevalence of the dimensions of burnout syndrome among military personnel. Methodology: The methodology was based on a quantitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, utilizing questionnaires and the Maslach Burnout Inventory to identify factors contributing to the onset of burnout syndrome, including all inclusion and exclusion criteria for the research. Data were collected at the end of April and the beginning of May 2020, with the study sample consisting of 42 military police officers assigned to the 9th Battalion of Araguatins-TO. Results: The study revealed that the majority of the participating military personnel (71.4%) were unaware of burnout syndrome. Among the evaluated dimensions, depersonalization showed a high prevalence (57.1%), while professional achievement was found to be low in frequency (47.6%), indicating a lack of satisfaction and motivation at work. These data demonstrate a profile of emotional exhaustion and distancing, consistent with other studies involving professional groups with high exposure to stress. The results suggest an urgent need for educational actions to raise awareness about burnout among military personnel and to implement preventive strategies within institutions. Conclusion: The high prevalence of depersonalization and low professional achievement indicates a negative impact on both personal well-being and professional performance, highlighting the importance of early interventions to mitigate the effects of burnout in this group
Designing Healthcare Organisations For Excellence: Improving Bed Management Process And Strategies To Reduce The Turn Around Time
Authors: Singh Dr. Arjni
Published: November 2024

Background Bed management in a hospital is the process of ensuring that every bed is used optimally, while also providing quality care and efficient treatment. It involves allocating beds, tracking bed availability, managing patient flow, improving patient care and improving clinical staff efficiency. The process by which patients are admitted against any hospital bed, and when they are discharged and the bills are cleared, the bed is cleaned and allotted to the next patient in line is called bed management. Objectives ➢To understand the process flow of bed management in the hospital ➢To conduct a Time Motion Study for the patients getting discharged ➢To locate the problem areas in the process and give suitable solutions Methods Observation at various levels of the process of bed management (Pharmacy, Billing, TPA, Floors, Front office) Study Frame • Patients getting discharged • HIS (Hospital Information System) • Stakeholders of the system Findings It was observed that incorrect time management and inefficient system usage including communication gaps and delays, manual system updates and housekeeping protocols were the main problem areas in the bed management process. Conclusion Strict Vigilance of the work at the nerve cell and floors is required. The stakeholders were suggested to put ceilings on the number of beds that can be blocked for a day as well as on the time for which these beds are blocked. In addition to these, the stakeholders were also advised to replace manual system updation with some smart solutions
Gestão De Custos Aplicada Em Uma Empresa De Prestação De Serviços Na Área De Engenharia Civil
Authors: Pelissari Athos Victor Moraes , Borges Reginaldo
Published: November 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o custo para realização das atividades envolvidas no processo de prestação de serviços de reformas de ambientes e processos para estabelecer com precisão os custos da empresa. Utilizou-se ferramenta Business Process Management (BPM) para modelar os processos e suas atividades, juntamente com o método Activity-Based Costing (ABC) para alocar custos às atividades de cada departamento. O design do estudo envolveu uma revisão bibliográfica abrangente sobre gestão empresarial, BPM e o método ABC de custeio, além da análise dos dados da empresa. Foi desenvolvido um macro fluxograma em Business Process Management Notation (BPMN) que representa o contexto geral de forma lógica. Os custos da empresa foram determinados considerando tanto os custos fixos quanto as variáveis, sendo os custos fixos distribuídos entre as atividades por meio de um direcionador de custos tempo. Os projetos têm uma quantidade calculada de horas com base na metragem relativa ao projeto, considerando uma quantidade mínima de 5 metros quadrados para o projeto inicial e atribuindo um valor adicional a cada metro quadrado. O custo desses projetos também incorpora o valor da mão de obra por hora de desenvolvimento, proporcional à metragem do projeto. A contribuição acadêmica deste estudo reside no exemplo do uso da padronização de processos pelo BPMN e na aplicação do método ABC em um contexto específico de escritório de arquitetura, com perspectivas para análises organizacionais que busquem otimizar os resultados encontrados
LTS Josephson Junctions and Circuits
Authors: Meyer Hans‐Georg , Fritzsch Ludwig , Anders Solveig , Schmelz Matthias , Kunert Jürgen , Oelsner Gregor
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

Junction Characterization

Nb–Al/AlOx–NbJunction Technology

Circuits, Applications, and Resulting Requirements forJosephson Junctions
Fault Current Limiters
Authors: Kalsi Swarn Singh
Published: November 2018

The article contains sections titled:

Introduction

SFCLConcept Description

Challenges

Manufacturing Issues

Examples of Built Hardware

Overlook