bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Secure Quality Involvement (SeQuIn) tool: benchmarking co-production in secure services
Authors: McKeown Mick , Byrne Charlotte , Cade Holly , Harris Jo , Wright Karen
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Secure mental health services in one UK region have acted within a network to develop a range of involvement practices. A new quality benchmarking tool has been created to appraise the implementation of these involvement practices. The purpose of this paper is to report upon a qualitative evaluation of this development.

Design/methodology/approach

Staff and service users involved in the co-production of the benchmarking tool were engaged in a series of focus groups and participatory inquiry approaches enacted in the course of scheduled network meetings. Data thus collected was subject to thematic analysis.

Findings

Four distinct themes were identified which were titled: Taking time, taking care; The value not the label; An instrument of the network; and All people working together. These are discussed in relation to recent theorising of co-production.

Research limitations/implications

Effectively, this study represents a case study of developments within one region. As such, the findings may have limited transferability to other contexts.

Practical implications

Staff and service users can work together effectively to the benefit of each other and overall forensic services. The benchmarking tool provides a readymade mechanism to appraise quality improvements.

Social implications

Despite a prevailing culture of competition in wider health-care policy, cooperation leads to enhanced quality.

Originality/value

The benchmarking tool is a unique development of a longstanding involvement network, demonstrating the positive implications for enacting co-production within secure services.
Efficacy and safety of anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors for non–small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Peng Tzu‐Rong , Liao Pei‐Fei , Wu Ta‐Wei
Published: March 2023

Background

To assess the efficacy and safety of anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors (ALKIs) for the treatment of advanced‐stage ALK rearrangement‐positive non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included patients with ALK‐positive NSCLC receiving ALKIs. The outcomes of the study included overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs) of grade ≥3.

Results

A total of 12 RCTs consisting of 3169 patients with eight treatment options were included in this study. Our results showed that ALKIs have superior efficacy in OS, PFS, and ORR than chemotherapy or crizotinib (first‐generation ALKI). Our study showed that only alectinib has a significant improvement in OS compared to chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40–0.94). Alectinib appeared to have better OS than crizotinib (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45–0.95). Ensartinib has a significant PFS advantage over alectinib (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.40–0.96). The surface under the ranking curve indicated that ensartinib (99.0%) was the highest rank regarding PFS. Moreover, both ensartinib and ceritinib showed significantly higher TRAEs of grade ≥3 compared with chemotherapy (risk ratios [RR], 2.74; 95% CI, 1.45–5.18; RR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.26–2.57, respectively).

Conclusions

These results indicated that alectinib could be associated with the best therapeutic efficacy and well‐tolerance AEs in the treatment of ALK‐positive NSCLC.
A systematic review of the trends in ecological science in the megabiodiverse Peru: Research gaps and future directions
Authors: Sotomayor Diego A. , Caro Claudia , Morales Richar
Published: March 2023

Peru is a megabiodiverse country that is experiencing a considerable amount of anthropogenic change which is risking its ecosystems. Ecological science may provide the answers on how to cope with change by exploring new ways of sustainably using ecosystems. Here we review the current state and trends of ecological studies using a database search aiming to answer these questions: (i) who has been studying Peruvian ecosystems and how impactful was that research? (ii) what are the most studied political and ecological regions in the country? (iii) what are the most studied taxa? (iv) what are the most studied variables? and (v) what are the most studied topics and their relation with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? To answer these questions, we conducted a systematic review using the Scopus database (1974–2022) and found 465 articles that conducted ecological research in Peru. We found a vast and increasing diversity of journals and authors publishing research on Peru's ecosystems, with an important participation of Peruvian scientists, especially in the last 15 years. The Amazonian regions of the country were most studied, with some political and ecological regions almost assessed, such as Huancavelica, Ayacucho, Apurimac and Tacna and the pacific tropical forest, paramo and palm tree savanna, respectively. Most studies dealt with single species, primarily animals, and secondly plants. Species composition and/or distribution was the main variable of study and conservation was the main topic. Life on Land (SDG 15) was more represented than other SDGs (58.4% of articles), leaving several others almost unstudied. Overall, we found that ecological research on Peruvian ecosystems is biased to certain regions, taxa and topics. This represents important opportunities for new projects, research collaborations and alignment to global sustainability agendas for more meaningful knowledge production, especially considering the significant increase in research output seen in the last 15 years.
An eye to the future: Acute and long‐term neuro‐ophthalmological and neurological complications of COVID‐19
Authors: Wesselingh Robb , Wesselingh Steve L.
Published: March 2023

COVID‐19 has had a significant impact on the global population and has produced compelling evidence of non‐pulmonary organ dysfunction, including the nervous system. It is vital that specialists in ophthalmology and neurology are informed of the potential complications of COVID‐19 and gain a deeper understanding of how COVID‐19 can cause diseases of the nervous system. In this review we detail four possible mechanisms by which COVID‐19 infection may result in neurological or neuro‐ophthalmological complications: (1) Toxic and metabolic effects of severe pulmonary COVID‐19 disease on the neural axis including hypoxia and the systemic hyper‐inflammatory state, (2) endothelial dysfunction, (3) dysimmune responses directed again the neuroaxis, and (4) direct neuro‐invasion and injury by the virus itself. We explore the pathological evidence for each of these and how they may link to neuro‐ophthalmological disorders. Finally, we explore the evidence for long‐term neurological and neuro‐ophthalmological complications of COVID‐19, with a focus on neurodegeneration.
How future climate and tree distribution changes shape the biodiversity of macrofungi across Europe
Authors: Yu Haili , Wang Tiejun , Skidmore Andrew , Heurich Marco , Bässler Claus
Published: March 2023

Aim

Climate change is affecting biodiversity at an accelerating rate. Despite the importance of fungi in ecosystems in general, and in the global carbon and nitrogen cycle in particular, there is little research on the response of fungi to climate change compared with plants and animals. Earlier studies show that climatic factors and tree species are key determinants of macrofungal diversity and distribution at large spatial scales. However, our knowledge of how climate change will affect macrofungal diversity and distribution in the future remains poorly understood.

Location

Europe.

Methods

Using openly available occurrence data of 1845 macrofungal species from eight European countries (i.e. Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, France and Spain), we built ensemble species distribution models to predict macrofungal response to climate change alone and combined climate and tree distribution change under the IPCC special report on 2080 emissions scenarios (SRES A2 and B2).

Results

Considering climate change alone, we predict that about 77% (74.1%–80.7%) of the modelled species will expand their distribution range, and around 57% (56.1%–58.4%) of the modelled area will have an increase in macrofungal species richness. However, when considering the combined climate and tree species distribution change, only 50% (50%–50.9%) of the species are predicted to expand their distribution range and 49% (47.4%–51.1%) of the modelled area will experience an increase in macrofungal species richness.

Main Conclusions

Overall, our models projected that large areas would exhibit increased macrofungal species richness under future climate change. However, tree species distribution might play a restrictive role in the future distributional shifts of macrofungi. In addition, macrofungal responses appear heterogeneous, varying among species and regions. Our findings highlight the importance of including tree species in the projection of climate change impacts on the macrofungal diversity and distribution on a continental scale.
Efficacy of aerobic exercise on the functioning and quality of life of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Soares Esther G. , Gusmão Cláudio H. V. , Souto Deisiane O.
Published: March 2023

Aim

To investigate the efficacy of aerobic exercise on the functioning (participation, activities, and body functions and structures) and quality of life (QoL) of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

A systematic review with meta‐analysis was performed. A comprehensive search of articles was performed using the electronic databases Embase, PubMed, PEDro, and CINAHL. Methodological quality and certainty of evidence were evaluated with the PEDro and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) scales respectively. The effects of aerobic exercise on functioning were assessed using meta‐analytic techniques. However, given the broad nature of outcomes related to functioning and QoL, different instruments can be used to measure them; this made it impossible to synthesize results in a meta‐analysis for some of the outcomes.

Results

Fifteen randomized controlled trials with 414 participants with CP were included. Analysis of the methodological quality of the studies revealed a low risk of bias. The effect of aerobic exercise compared to usual care or other interventions was significant for aerobic capacity (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16–1.47; p < 0.002; I2 = 68%), gross motor function (SMD = 0.70; 95% = CI 0.21–1.19; p = 0.005; I2 = 49%), mobility (SMD = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.05–1.05; p = 0.03; I2 = 27%), balance, and participation (SMD = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.10–1.39; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%). Aerobic exercise was not effective for muscle strength, spasticity, gait parameters, and QoL (p > 0.05). The certainty of evidence for most comparisons was moderate to low.

Interpretation

This review provides the most up‐to‐date evidence on the efficacy of aerobic exercise on the functioning and QoL of children and adolescents with CP.

What this paper adds

Aerobic exercise improves gross motor function but not gait parameters in cerebral palsy (CP).

It improves participation but not quality of life in children and adolescents with CP.

It is more effective than usual care or other interventions in improving mobility, aerobic capacity, and balance in CP.

It is no more effective than usual care or other interventions in improving muscle strength and spasticity.
Gut microbiota and stroke: New avenues to improve prevention and outcome
Authors: Clottes Paul , Benech Nicolas , Dumot Chloé , Jarraud Sophie , Vidal Hubert , Mechtouff Laura
Published: March 2023

Despite major recent therapeutic advances, stroke remains a leading cause of disability and death. Consequently, new therapeutic targets need to be found to improve stroke outcome. The deleterious role of gut microbiota alteration (often mentioned as “dysbiosis”) on cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and its risk factors, has been increasingly recognized. Gut microbiota metabolites, such as trimethylamine‐N‐oxide, short chain fatty acids and tryptophan, play a key role. Evidence of a link between alteration of the gut microbiota and cardiovascular risk factors exists, with a possible causality link supported by several preclinical studies. Gut microbiota alteration also seems to be implicated at the acute phase of stroke, with observational studies showing more non‐neurological complications, higher infarct size and worse clinical outcome in stroke patients with altered microbiota. Microbiota targeted strategies have been developed, including prebiotics/probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, short chain fatty acid and trimethylamine‐N‐oxide inhibitors. Research teams have been using different time windows and end‐points for their studies, with various results. Considering the available evidence, it is believed that studies focusing on microbiota‐targeted strategies in association with conventional stroke care should be conducted. Such strategies should be considered according to three therapeutic time windows: first, at the pre‐stroke (primary prevention) or post‐stroke (secondary prevention) phases, to enhance the control of cardiovascular risk factors; secondly, at the acute phase of stroke, to limit the infarct size and the systemic complications and enhance the overall clinical outcome; thirdly, at the subacute phase of stroke, to prevent stroke recurrence and promote neurological recovery.
Investigating the link between drug consumption and adverse events reporting in France
Authors: Orhon Pauline , Robert Marion , Morand Thomas , Cracowski Jean‐Luc , Khouri Charles
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is to examine the potential association between drug use and adverse event reporting in France. A number of drug users and cases reported were extracted from the French Health Care Insurance database (Open Medic) and the French pharmacovigilance database. We performed two separate mixed‐effect models (with a drug used or reporting rate as dependent variables) with a random intercept for drug classes. We selected 62 drugs from 10 drug classes, for which 177 364 cases were reported in the French pharmacovigilance database in 2020. The results showed a strong association between drug users and the number of reported cases in France among each drug class (P < 0.01). Within a drug class, the number of reported cases is, therefore, a proxy for the exposure to a given drug in the population. This finding could be useful to approximate and compare drug exposure from pharmacovigilance databases.
Pmu1a, a novel spider toxin with dual inhibitory activity at pain targets hNaV1.7 and hCaV3 voltage‐gated channels
Authors: Giribaldi Julien , Chemin Jean , Tuifua Marie , Deuis Jennifer R. , Mary Rosanna , Vetter Irina , Wilson David T. , Daly Norelle L. , Schroeder Christina I. , Bourinet Emmanuel , Dutertre Sébastien
Published: March 2023

Venom‐derived peptides targeting ion channels involved in pain are regarded as a promising alternative to current, and often ineffective, chronic pain treatments. Many peptide toxins are known to specifically and potently block established therapeutic targets, among which the voltage‐gated sodium and calcium channels are major contributors. Here, we report on the discovery and characterization of a novel spider toxin isolated from the crude venom of Pterinochilus murinus that shows inhibitory activity at both hNaV1.7 and hCaV3.2 channels, two therapeutic targets implicated in pain pathways. Bioassay‐guided HPLC fractionation revealed a 36‐amino acid peptide with three disulfide bridges named μ/ω‐theraphotoxin‐Pmu1a (Pmu1a). Following isolation and characterization, the toxin was chemically synthesized and its biological activity was further assessed using electrophysiology, revealing Pmu1a to be a toxin that potently blocks both hNaV1.7 and hCaV3. Nuclear magnetic resonance structure determination of Pmu1a shows an inhibitor cystine knot fold that is the characteristic of many spider peptides. Combined, these data show the potential of Pmu1a as a basis for the design of compounds with dual activity at the therapeutically relevant hCaV3.2 and hNaV1.7 voltage‐gated channels.
A study of laser machining combined with dynamic chemical etching in micro‐hole drilling of 2.5D SiCf/SiC composites
Authors: Zhao Dali , Sun Shufeng , Zhang Yunlong , Wang Xi , Wang PingPing , Zhang Fengyun , Chen Bowen
Published: March 2023

In this study, we used a novel method of laser machining combined with dynamic chemical liquid etching (LMDCE) to drill holes in 2.5D SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMC‐SiC). A chemical solution that could quickly remove the recast layer without damaging the substrate was selected. Severe recast layer and microcrack defects were observed when laser machining was performed in the air. The surface of the material was highly carbonized due to the thermal effect of the laser. The effect of different defocus amounts and scanning speeds on the hole taper was studied. A lower scanning speed can ensure that a smaller taper is obtained by the microhole. The bore diameter of the holes processed with a defocusing amount of 0 or −1 mm is more uniform. The results show that with the assistance of a dynamic chemical solution, the fibers break neatly into needle‐like shapes, the thermal effect of the laser on the ceramic substrate is significantly weakened, the microhole shows good roundness, and there are no recast layers and oxides on the sample surface. In addition, microcracks are significantly reduced, and high‐quality microholes without a heat‐affected zone (HAZ) are machined. The method provides a new idea on how to eliminate machining defects and achieve higher‐quality micromachining for ceramic matrix composites.
Study on the chemical compatibility between Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles and diverse advanced structural materials
Authors: Tan Guangfan , Hu Xin , Cai Liang , Xue Haifeng , Oya Yasuhisa , Zhang Yingchun
Published: March 2023

The tritium breeder and structural materials are necessary components in the blanket to realize tritium (T) self‐sustainment of nuclear fusion. The long‐term exposure between tritium breeders and structural materials will cause surface corrosion in irradiation environments and then further affect the tritium release behavior. In this study, chemical compatibility between Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles and advanced structural materials was studied systematically at 700 °C for 300 h under He+0.1 % H2 environment, respectively. The color of the Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles changes from white to dark grey and black. Moreover, the grain size of Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles increases to more than 5 μm, and the crushing load decreased slightly. For the structural materials, the Al‐rich oxide layer with about 188.7 nm of 14Cr‐5Al oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel and Cr‐Fe rich oxide layer with about 1.04 μm of 14Cr‐ODS steel were observed on the cross‐section. The effective diffusion coefficient of O element in Li2TiO3 ceramic moved into ODS steel at 700 °C was calculated to be 3.3 × 10−16cm2/s and 1.02 × 10−14 cm2/s. Unfortunately, when SiC ceramics were contacted with the pebbles, the crystal phase transformed into SiO2, which severely limits its application. Therefore, these results will provide guidance for the selection of structural materials in the future.
Depressive and anxiety symptoms and illness perception among patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Zou Huijing , Chair Sek Ying , Zhang Chunhua , Bao Anyu
Published: March 2023

Aims

To evaluate the features of depressive and anxiety symptoms and illness perception and their associations in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Design

Secondary analysis of data from a cross‐sectional study and baseline data from a randomized controlled trial.

Methods

From June to July 2019 and June to September 2020, patients with ACS in four public hospitals in China completed measurements of depressive and anxiety symptoms, illness perception, and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Data were analysed using univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses.

Results

This study included 510 participants (mean age, 61.0 ± 9.9 years; 67.8% male). The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 66.3% and 56.5%, respectively. Total score of illness perception was 43.5 ± 9.1 and mean scores of each dimension ranged from 5.5 to 7.6, suggesting relatively negative illness perceptions. The top two perceived causes of illness were negative emotions or stress (27.3%) and dietary habits (25.5%) and 24.7% of participants were unaware of causes regarding their illness. After adjusting for potential confounders, a one‐point increase in scores on illness perception regarding consequences and emotional response (range, 0–10) was related to a 22% increased probability of depressive symptoms. Every one‐point increase in scores on illness perception related to emotional response, personal control and illness comprehensibility was associated with a 38% increased, 13% decreased and 9% decreased probability of anxiety symptoms, respectively.

Conclusion

Depressive and anxiety symptoms are prevalent at high rates in patients with ACS. They have a relatively negative illness perception that is associated with the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Impact

This study highlights the importance of screening for depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with ACS, especially for those with negative illness perceptions. Targeted strategies are imperative to improve patients' health outcomes.

No Patient or Public Contribution

These details do not apply to this work.
The effect of a lifestyle intervention program using a mobile application versus the effect of a program using a booklet for adults with metabolic syndrome: A three‐arm randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wong Eliza Mi Ling , Leung Doris Yin Ping , Wang Qun , Leung Angela Yee Man , Cheung Alice Siu Ping
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The research aimed to examine the effect of a lifestyle intervention program using mobile application versus booklet for adults with metabolic syndrome in Hong Kong. The outcomes comprised body weight (primary outcome), exercise amount, improvement of cardiometabolic risk factors, cardiovascular endurance, perceived stress scale, and exercise self‐efficacy.

Design

A three‐arm randomized controlled trial namely App group, Booklet group, and control group was adopted.

Methods

Two hundred sixty‐four adults with metabolic syndrome were recruited from community centers from 2019 to December 2021. Inclusion criteria are those adults with metabolic syndrome, able to use a smart phone. All participants received a 30‐min health talk. App group additionally received a mobile application, while Booklet group received a booklet, and the control group received a placebo booklet. Data were collected at baseline, Weeks 4, 12, and 24. SPSS and generalized estimating equations (GEE) model were employed for data analysis.

Findings

Attrition rates were minimal, ranged from 2.65% to 6.44%. Both app and booklet group showed significant improvement in outcomes (exercise amount, waist circumference) when compared to control group. However, statistically significant and superior results were observed in app group, including body weight, exercise amount, waist circumference, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure when compared to booklet group.

Conclusion

The lifestyle intervention supported with app was found to be superior to the booklet support for reducing body weight and maintaining exercise.

Clinical Relevance

The lifestyle intervention program using mobile application support could be used widely for adults with metabolic syndrome in the community. Suggest nurses may incorporate this program in their health promotion strategies focusing on a healthy lifestyle to reduce the risk of progression to metabolic syndrome.
Luchadoras Pensadoras: Reframing the development outcomes of Latina high school wrestlers
Authors: Castro Marilyn Monroy , Mireles‐Rios Rebeca , Cecchine Terri
Published: March 2023

Many necessary developmental assets and competencies can be accrued through the participation of sport that aid in the holistic healthy development of adolescent girls; however, much research in this area has focused on adolescent girls as a monolithic group, disregarding the specific outcomes of sport for girls of color. Through analysis of semistructured interviews of 31 Latina high school wrestlers, we identified various developmental outcomes associated with their sport involvement. We apply a new epistemological approach to positive youth development within the context of sports development through the usage of extensive narratives of two of the girls. This study explores adolescent Latinas’ involvement in high school wrestling, a sport that is widely male dominated yet rising in popularity.
Tn‐seq identifies Ralstonia solanacearum genes required for tolerance of plant immunity induced by exogenous salicylic acid
Authors: Zhang Huimeng , Xu Yanan , Huang Yingying , Xiong Xiaoqi , Wu Xiaogang , Yuan Gaoqing , Zheng Dehong
Published: March 2023

Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of the devastating bacterial wilt disease, is of particular interest to the scientific community. The repertoire of type III effectors plays an important role in the evasion of plant immunity, but tolerance to plant immunity is also crucial for the survival and virulence of R. solanacearum. Nevertheless, a systematic study of R. solanacearum tolerance to plant immunity is lacking. In this study, we used exogenous salicylic acid (SA) to improve the immunity of tomato plants, followed by transposon insertion sequencing (Tn‐seq) analysis and the identification of R. solanacearum genes associated with tolerance to plant immunity. Target gene deletion revealed that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) production genes RS_RS02830, RS_RS03460, and RS_RS03465 are essential for R. solanacearum tolerance to plant immunity, and their expression is induced by plant immunity, thereby expanding our knowledge of the pathogenic function of R. solanacearum LPS. SA treatment increased the relative abundance of transposon insertion mutants of four genes, including two genes with unknown function, RS_RS11975 and RS_RS07760. Further verification revealed that deletion of RS_RS11975 or RS_RS07760 resulted in reduced in vivo competitive indexes but increased tolerance to plant immunity induced by SA treatment, suggesting that these two genes contribute to the trade‐off between tolerance to plant immunity and fitness cost. In conclusion, this work identified and validated R. solanacearum genes required for tolerance to plant immunity and provided essential information for a more complete view of the interaction between R. solanacearum and the host plant.
Power and knowledge: The birth of museums in China
Authors: Leung Hok Bun Isaac
Published: March 2023

Drawing insight from various museological concepts, such as “disciplinary museum” and “exhibition complex,” I sketch a brief history of museums that first emerged in China during the mid‐nineteenth century. In this paper, the museums in China—from the late Qing dynasty (1850–1912) to the early Chinese economic reform period of the late 1970s and early 1980s—will be studied through a Foucauldian lens to further illuminate the nation's museum history. By studying four types of museums—China's first foreign museums, private museums, the Kuomintang museums, and the Chinese Communist Party museums—I explore how these institutions provided the public with different modes of consciousness and civil identity and how individuals respond to the cultural effects of museums. Whereas museums had been utilized as an instrument for different political parties, I aim to show how discourse has been radically transformed while these institutions represent the administrative mechanisms throughout different periods. I hope to initiate a discussion for future studies on how the contemporary museological phenomenon might be linked to the reminiscence of museums in the past.
Evaluation of vascular and perfusional changes in the retina and choroid of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Hizli Şamil , Dereci Selim , Özdemir Özdemir , Duran Fatih , Hidimoğlu Burcu , Mazman Duygu İskender , Gülhan Belgin , Acar Banu Çelikel
Published: March 2023

Background

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) is hyperinflammation following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), which affects many organs. The retina and choroid are affected by COVID‐19 through microangiopathy and thrombosis but the literature on MISC‐C is limited.

Methods

Thirty children (60 eyes) with MIS‐C (the study group, or SG) and 32 age‐and gender‐matched healthy children (64 eyes) (the control group, or CG) were included in the prospective case–control study. Complete ophthalmological examinations, measurements of the vessel densities of the retinal layers, and flow area of the outer retina and choriocapillaris in both groups were conducted with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT‐A).

Results

The mean age of the SG was 11.9 ± 3.9 and that of the CG was 12.5 ± 4.6 years (p = 0.197). In this study we found that the vessel density of the deep layer of the inner retina was decreased significantly and was reduced in the outer retina of flow area in the SG in comparison with the CG (p < 0.05, for all). However, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding other measurements.

Conclusions

In MIS‐C patients, vessel densities in the deep layer of the inner retina and in the flow area of the outer retina decreased significantly. This OCTA‐A finding suggests that MIS‐C is related to endothelial thrombotic condition problems in small branches of the retinal artery. The results of this study support the idea that there is a need for screening of MIS‐C patients for the presence of these microangiopathic and perfusional complications.
Plug‐in machine learning for partially linear mixed‐effects models with repeated measurements
Authors: Emmenegger Corinne , Bühlmann Peter
Published: March 2023

Traditionally, spline or kernel approaches in combination with parametric estimation are used to infer the linear coefficient (fixed effects) in a partially linear mixed‐effects model for repeated measurements. Using machine learning algorithms allows us to incorporate complex interaction structures, nonsmooth terms, and high‐dimensional variables. The linear variables and the response are adjusted nonparametrically for the nonlinear variables, and these adjusted variables satisfy a linear mixed‐effects model in which the linear coefficient can be estimated with standard linear mixed‐effects methods. We prove that the estimated fixed effects coefficient converges at the parametric rate, is asymptotically Gaussian distributed, and semiparametrically efficient. Two simulation studies demonstrate that our method outperforms a penalized regression spline approach in terms of coverage. We also illustrate our proposed approach on a longitudinal dataset with HIV‐infected individuals. Software code for our method is available in theR‐packagedmlalg.
Rapid intensification of suicide risk preceding suicidal behavior among primary care patients
Authors: Bryan Craig J. , Allen Michael H. , Wastler Heather M. , Bryan AnnaBelle O. , Baker Justin C. , May Alexis M. , Thomsen Cynthia J.
Published: March 2023

Background

Approximately half of those who attempt suicide report experiencing suicidal ideation and suicidal planning in advance; others deny these experiences. Some researchers have hypothesized that rapid intensification is due to past suicidal ideation and/or behaviors that are “mentally shelved” but remain available for rapid access later.

Method

To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined (a) temporal sequencing of suicidal ideation, suicidal planning, and suicidal behavior, and (b) speed of emergence of suicidal behavior in a prospective cohort study of 2744 primary care patients.

Results

Of 52 patients reporting suicidal behavior during follow‐up, 20 (38.5%) reported suicidal ideation and planning prior to their suicidal behavior, 23 (44.2%) reported suicidal ideation but not planning, and nine (17.3%) denied both suicidal ideation and planning. Over half (n = 30, 57.7%) reported the onset of suicidal ideation and/or planning on the same day as or after their suicidal behavior (i.e., rapid intensification). Rapid intensification was not associated with increased likelihood of reporting recent or past suicidal ideation, planning, or behaviors, suggesting rapid intensification does not depend on prior experience with suicidal ideation and/or behaviors.

Conclusion

Detecting primary care patients at risk for this form of suicidal behavior may be limited even with universal suicide risk screening.
A retrospective evaluation of hops ingestion in 177 dogs (2005–2018)
Authors: Becker Jami , Brutlag Ahna G. , Hovda Lynn , Rendahl Aaron , Tart Kelly M.
Published: March 2023

Objective

To describe the clinical signs and outcomes observed afterHumulus lupulus(hops) ingestion in dogs. A secondary objective was to note any trends in the number of hops‐related phone calls made to an animal poison control center over a 13‐year period.

Design

Retrospective study (2005–2018).

Setting

An animal poison control center.

Animals

One hundred and seventy‐seven dogs with known or suspected hops ingestion.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

A total of 177 calls were made to Pet Poison Helpline between 2005 and 2018 involving hops ingestion in dogs. Outcomes were determined in 83 cases; 79 of 83 (95.2%) survived. Clinical signs associated with hops ingestion were observed in 74.0% (131/177). Commonly observed clinical signs were tachypnea (98/131), hyperthermia (65/131), and vomiting (44/131). Severe hyperthermia (>41.4°C, [>106°F]) developed in 8 dogs and 3 of those dogs did not survive. A fourth nonsurvivor was found deceased at home. The majority of symptomatic dogs developed clinical signs between 2 and 8 hours postingestion. Resolution of clinical signs occurred in less than 24 hours in all survivors except in one. Cases consulted with Pet Poison Helpline related to hops ingestion increased from 2005 to 2018 relative to the total amount of cases managed overall.

Conclusions

The most common clinical signs associated with hops ingestion include tachypnea, hyperthermia, and vomiting; however, not all dogs develop clinical signs. While prognosis is good with 95.2% of dogs in this population surviving, some dogs can develop a severe and fatal hyperthermia.
Evaluation and Validation of Microscale Atmospheric Modeling With Offline Weather Research and Forecasting Model to Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model Forcing Conditions
Authors: Dey Shuv , Mallen Evan , Stone Brian , Joshi Yogendra
Published: March 2023

As the rate of urbanization increases, local vegetation is being replaced with man-made materials, causing increasingly adverse impacts on the surface-atmosphere energy balance. These negative effects can be simulated by modeling the urban landscapes in question; however, the main challenges of modeling urban thermal environments are the scale and resolution at which to perform such tasks. Current modeling of urban thermal environments is typically limited to either mesoscale (1 –2000 km) or microscale (<1 km) phenomena. In the present work, an open-source framework for one-way upstream coupled multiscale urban thermal environment simulations is examined and validated. This coupled simulation can provide valuable insights into the flow behavior and energy transport between mesoscale and microscale interactions. The mesoscale to microscale boundary conditions are coupled together using simulated data from the advanced research weather research and forecasting model (WRF-ARW), a mesoscale numerical weather prediction software, and assimilating it into parallelized large-eddy simulation model (PALM), a computational fluid dynamics style (CFD-style) software designed for microscale atmospheric and oceanic flows. The multiscale urban thermal environment simulations are tested for grid sensitivity to variations in model input and control parameters, and then experimentally validated against distributed sensor measurements at the Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) campus in Atlanta, GA. Validated microscale atmospheric models with heterogeneous domains can be used to project the thermal benefits of urban heat mitigation strategies (increase use of high-albedo surfaces, tree and vegetation cover, and smart growth practices) and advise building energy usage modeling and policies.
The Duality of Sport Social Workers Coaching Critical Positive Youth Development Within Competitive Youth Sport
Authors: Tarr Cecelia , Newman Tarkington J. , Santos Fernando , Turgeon Stéphanie
Published: March 2023

To meet the diverse needs of youth athletes within contemporary society, the privilege and responsibility of youth sport coaching must be reimagined. Critical positive youth development (CPYD)—which is grounded in Freire’s critical consciousness—emphasizes the urgency to empower youth to promote social justice and increase their ability to contribute to societal change. Considering the scarcity of CPYD in coach education, sport social workers may offer unique educational experiences and critical learning opportunities that may help fulfill a CPYD mandate within the youth sport landscape. From a social constructivist perspective, the aim of the current study was to explore the duality of sport social workers coaching competitive youth sport. Findings from 10 sport social workers suggest that the values, knowledge, and skills of the social work profession—particularly sport social work—seem to offer a transferable skillset and lessons to be emulated by CPYD coach education. For instance, because of their unique education and training, social workers are taught to use a strengths-based approach, maintain a holistic perspective, and teach life skills that contribute to PYD. However, findings also emphasize the notion that education may not solve all challenges concerning the need to foster CPYD, as many other variables make up the sport system.
Motion lubrication suppressed mechanical activation via hydrated fibrous gene patch for tendon healing
Authors: Xiang Lei , Liang Jing , Wang Zhen , Lin Feng , Zhuang Yaping , Saiding Qimanguli , Wang Fei , Deng Lianfu , Cui Wenguo
Published: March 2023

Mechanical activation of fibroblasts, caused by friction and transforming growth factor–β1 recognition, is one of the main causes of tissue adhesions. In this study, we developed a lubricated gene-hydrogel patch, which provides both a motion lubrication microenvironment and gene therapy. The patch’s outer layer is composed of polyethylene glycol polyester hydrogel. The hydrogel forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules to create the motion lubrication layer, and it also serves as a gene delivery library for long-term gene silencing. Under the motion lubricated microenvironment, extracellular signal–regulated kinase–small interfering RNA can silence fibroblasts and enhance the blocking effect against fibroblast activation. In vitro, the proposed patch effectively inhibits fibroblast activation and reduces the coefficient of friction. In vivo, this patch reduces the expression of vimentin and α–smooth muscle actin in fibroblasts. Therefore, the lubricated gene-hydrogel patch can inhibit the mechanical activation of fibroblasts to promote tendon healing.
Radiographic evolution of myelitis in a case of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy
Authors: Goyne Christopher E , Piccioni David , Handwerker Jason , Rajagopal Amutha
Published: March 2023

Autoimmune glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy is a rare autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorder that affects the central nervous system. We present a case of GFAP astrocytopathy in a middle-aged male who presented with constitutional symptoms, encephalopathy and lower extremity weakness and numbness. Initially MRI of the spine was normal, but he subsequently developed longitudinally extensive myelitis and meningoencephalitis. Workup for infectious aetiologies was negative and the patient’s clinical course worsened despite broad antimicrobial coverage. Ultimately, he was found to have anti-GFAP antibodies in his cerebral spinal fluid consistent with GFAP astrocytopathy. He was treated with steroids and plasmapheresis with clinical and radiographic improvement. This case demonstrates the temporal evolution of myelitis on MRI in a case of steroid-refractory GFAP astrocytopathy.
Health engagement: a systematic review of tools modifiable for use with vulnerable pregnant women
Authors: Allen Jyai , Creedy Debra K , Mills Kyly , Gamble Jenny
Published: March 2023

Objective

To examine available health engagement tools suitable to, or modifiable for, vulnerable pregnant populations.

Design

Systematic review.

Eligibility criteria

Original studies of tool development and validation related to health engagement, with abstract available in English, published between 2000 and 2022, sampling people receiving outpatient healthcare including pregnant women.

Data sources

CINAHL Complete, Medline, EMBASE and PubMed were searched in April 2022.

Risk of bias

Study quality was independently assessed by two reviewers using an adapted COSMIN risk of bias quality appraisal checklist. Tools were also mapped against the Synergistic Health Engagement model, which centres on women’s buy-in to maternity care.

Included studies

Nineteen studies were included from Canada, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, the UK and the USA. Four tools were used with pregnant populations, two tools with vulnerable non-pregnant populations, six tools measured patient–provider relationship, four measured patient activation, and three tools measured both relationship and activation.

Results

Tools that measured engagement in maternity care assessed some of the following constructs: communication or information sharing, woman-centred care, health guidance, shared decision-making, sufficient time, availability, provider attributes, discriminatory or respectful care. None of the maternity engagement tools assessed the key construct of buy-in. While non-maternity health engagement tools measured some elements of buy-in (self-care, feeling hopeful about treatment), other elements (disclosing risks to healthcare providers and acting on health advice), which are significant for vulnerable populations, were rarely measured.

Conclusions and implications

Health engagement is hypothesised as the mechanism by which midwifery-led care reduces the risk of perinatal morbidity for vulnerable women. To test this hypothesis, a new assessment tool is required that addresses all the relevant constructs of the Synergistic Health Engagement model, developed for and psychometrically assessed in the target group.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020214102.
Barriers and facilitators influencing parent–adolescent communication on sexual and reproductive health in Indigenous communities in Latin American countries: protocol for a scoping review
Authors: Chaparro Buitrago Diana Carolina , Pimentel Juan
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Despite the global efforts to promote adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH), many doubts remain on how to ensure universal health access for this population. Many obstacles prevent adolescents from accessing SRH information and services. As a result, adolescents are disproportionally affected by adverse SRH outcomes. Indigenous adolescents are more likely to receive insufficient information and health services due to poverty, discrimination and social exclusion. This situation is compounded by parents’ limited access to information and the possibility of sharing this information with younger generations. The literature shows that parents play a crucial role in informing adolescents about SRH, but the evidence remains scarce for Indigenous adolescents in Latin America. We aim to discuss the barriers and facilitators of parent–adolescent communication on SRH for Indigenous adolescents in Latin American countries.

Methods and analysis

A scoping review will follow the Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual. We will include articles published between January 2000 and February 2023 in English and Spanish from seven electronic databases and retrieved references from selected articles. Two independent researchers will screen the articles, excluding duplicates, and extract the data based on the inclusion criteria using a data extraction template. The data will be analysed using a thematic analysis approach. Results will be presented following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and using the PRISMA flow chart, tables and a summary of the key findings.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval is needed to conduct a scoping review considering the data will be retrieved from previous publicly published studies. The results of the scoping review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and conferences targeting researchers, programme developers and policymakers that have experience working in the Americas.

Trial registration number

https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/PFSDC.
Role of computed tomography cardiac angiography in acute chest pain syndromes
Authors: Greer Charlotte , Williams Michelle C , Newby David E , Adamson Philip D
Published: March 2023

Use of CT coronary angiography (CTCA) to evaluate chest pain has rapidly increased over the recent years. While its utility in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease in stable chest pain syndromes is clear and is strongly endorsed by international guidelines, the role of CTCA in the acute setting is less certain. In the low-risk setting, CTCA has been shown to be accurate, safe and efficient but inherent low rates of adverse events in this population and the advent of high-sensitivity troponin testing have left little room for CTCA to show any short-term clinical benefit.

In higher-risk populations, CTCA has potential to fulfil a gatekeeper role to invasive angiography. The high negative predictive value of CTCA is maintained while also identifying non-obstructive coronary disease and alternative diagnoses in the substantial group of patients presenting with chest pain who do not have type 1 myocardial infarction. For those with obstructive coronary disease, CTCA provides accurate assessment of stenosis severity, characterisation of high-risk plaque and findings associated with perivascular inflammation. This may allow more appropriate selection of patients to proceed to invasive management with no disadvantage in outcomes and can provide a more comprehensive risk stratification to guide both acute and long-term management than routine invasive angiography.