bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exigências nutricionais de cálcio e fósforo de codornas de corte em crescimento
Authors: Silva Ronaldo Martins da , Furlan Antonio Claudio , Ton Ana Paula Silva , Martins Elias Nunes , Scherer Carina , Murakami Alice Eiko
Published: September 2009

Foram conduzidos três experimentos com o objetivo de estimar as exigências nutricionais de cálcio e fósforo disponível de codornas de corte em crescimento. No experimento 1 (1-14 dias de idade), 1.250 codornas de corte foram distribuídas em esquema fatorial 5 × 5 (níveis de cálcio = 0,65; 0,76; 0,87; 0,98 e 1,09% × níveis de fósforo = 0,12; 0,22; 0,32; 0,42 e 0,52%), totalizando 25 tratamentos com duas repetições e 25 aves por unidade experimental. Os níveis de cálcio não influenciaram o desempenho das aves, mas os níveis de fósforo afetaram de forma quadrática o peso corporal, o ganho de peso e a densitometria óptica, com estimativa de exigência em 0,41%. No experimento 2 (15-35 dias de idade), 1.500 codornas de corte foram distribuídas em esquema fatorial 5 × 5 (níveis de cálcio = 0,61; 0,71; 0,81; 0,91 e 1,01% × níveis de fósforo = 0,29; 0,34; 0,39; 0,44 e 0,49%), totalizando 25 tratamentos com duas repetições e 30 aves por unidade experimental. Os níveis de fósforo influenciaram de forma quadrática a densitometria óptica, e a exigência de fósforo foi estimada em 0,41%. No experimento 3, realizado para avaliação do balanço de cálcio e fósforo (28-35 dias de idade), constatou-se efeito linear crescente dos níveis de cálcio das dietas sobre a ingestão e excreção de cálcio e nenhum efeito dos níveis de cálcio sobre o desempenho nas fases de 1 a 14 e de 15 a 35 dias de idade. Os níveis 0,65% e 0,61% são suficientes para atender às exigências nutricionais de cordornas de corte nas fases de 1 a 14 e de 15 a 35 dias de idade, e o nível de 0,41% de fósforo disponível é o que promove máximo desempenho dessas aves.
Energetic efficiency of protein and body fat retention in crossbred Bos indicus and Bos Taurus × Bos indicus raised under tropical conditions
Authors: Henrique Douglas Sampaio , Queiroz César de , Vieira Ricardo Augusto Mendonça , Botelho Mosar Faria
Published: September 2009

The efficiency of fat and protein retention by Bos indicus and its cross-breds was estimated from data obtained in the literature to verify possible differences between these animals and Bos taurus. After estimating the efficiencies, a correction factor was used to discount the metabolizable energy fraction that was spent in the maintenance and support metabolism processes. The efficiencies were then estimated again, assuming that all the remaining energy would correspond to the metabolizable energy available for body mass retention. The correction value used was considered satisfactory to discount energetic losses for maintenance and support. The efficiency values of partial body fat and protein retention in Bos indicus and its cross-bred were very similar to values reported by other authors who researched Bos taurus exclusively.
Predição da composição corporal e da carcaça a partir da seção entre a 9ª e 11ª costelas em bovinos Nelore
Authors: Marcondes Marcos Inácio , Valadares Filho Sebastião de Campos , Paulino Pedro Veiga Rodrigues , Detmann Edenio , Valadares Rilene Ferreira Diniz , Santos Tathyane Ramalho , Diniz Luciana Lacerda
Published: September 2009

Objetivou-se avaliar as equações de Hankins & Howe para estimação da composição física da carcaça e as de Paulino para estimação da composição de macrominerais no corpo vazio de bovinos Nelore. Foram utilizados nove machos castrados, nove machos não-castrados e nove fêmeas. Três animais de cada classe foram abatidos ao início do experimento como referência. Os 18 animais remanescentes foram alimentados durante 112 dias com uma ração com 12,5% de proteína bruta, e concentrado, fornecido na proporção de 1,00 ou 1,25% do PV, e abatidos ao final para determinação da composição corporal. As composições física e química foram determinadas em uma amostra entre a 9ª e 11ª costelas (seção HH) da meia-carcaça esquerda e na meia-carcaça direita inteira, a qual foi totalmente dissecada. A seção HH não possibilitou estimar corretamente a composição física de nenhum dos componentes da carcaça, e apenas a equação proposta para cálcio foi eficiente para estimar a porcentagem de cálcio no corpo vazio. Propõe-se o uso de novas equações para estimar o conteúdo corporal dos macrominerais a partir de sua concentração na seção HH. As equações de Hankins & Howe não estimam corretamente a composição física da carcaça de bovinos Nelore, no entanto, é possível estimar a composição de macrominerais no corpo vazio de Nelore a partir da seção HH.
Recreational use of benzydamine as a hallucinogen among street youth in Brazil
Authors: Opaleye Emérita Sátiro , Noto Ana Regina , Sanchez Zila van der Meer , Moura Yone Gonçalves de , Galduróz José Carlos Fernandes , Carlini Elisaldo Araújo
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE: To describe the recreational use of benzydamine, an anti-inflammatory drug, among street youth in Brazil. METHOD: Design: a descriptive, cross sectional survey. Setting: 93 welfare services for the street youth in 27 Brazilian capitals. Participants: 2807 street youth, 10 to 18 years old. Main outcome measures: demographic characteristics, drug use pattern (lifetime use, use in the past 30 days, frequency, and characteristics of use in the past month) and effects of benzydamine through the use of a questionnaire. RESULTS: 78 reported lifetime recreational benzydamine use (67 cases identified only in three capitals). Among the 30 respondents reporting drug use in the last month (the month preceding the survey), 66.7% (n = 20) used the drug on 4 or more days (in the month preceding the survey). The most frequently (50%) pleasure effects reported were hallucination and nonspecific sensory changes described as "trips". Unwanted effects were reported by 75% of respondents, they were especially nausea and vomiting (21.4%). In the majority of the cases, drug was obtained from drugstores without a medical prescription. CONCLUSION: This study identifies the recreational use of benzydamine among street youth, mainly in the Northeast of Brazil, and also indicates the need for special controls on the dispensation of this substance.
Cardiac response and anxiety levels in psychopathic murderers
Authors: Serafim Antonio de Pádua , Barros Daniel Martins de , Valim André , Gorenstein Clarice
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE: To compare the emotional response and level of anxiety of psychopathic murderers, non-psychopathic murderers, and nonpsychopathic non-criminals. METHOD: 110 male individuals aged over 18 years were divided into three groups: psychopathic murderers (n = 38); non-psychopathic murderers (n = 37) serving sentences for murder convictions in Maximum Security Prisons in the State of Sao Paulo; and non-criminal, non-psychopathic individuals (n = 35) according to the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. The emotional response of subjects was assessed by heart rate variation and anxiety level (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) after viewing standardized pictures depicting pleasant, unpleasant and neutral content from the International Affective Picture System. RESULTS: Psychopathic murderers presented lower anxiety levels and smaller heart rate variations when exposed to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli than nonpsychopathic murderers or non-psychopathic non-criminals. The results also demonstrated that the higher the score for factor 1 on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, the lower the heart rate variation and anxiety level. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that psychopathic murderers do not present variation in emotional response to different visual stimuli. Although the non-psychopathic murderers had committed the same type of crime as the psychopathic murderers, the former tended to respond with a higher level of anxiety and heart rate variation.
Drug consumption among medical students in São Paulo, Brazil: influences of gender and academic year
Authors: Oliveira Lucio Garcia de , Barroso Lucia Pereira , Wagner Gabriela Arantes , Ponce Julio de Carvalho , Malbergier André , Stempliuk Vladimir de Andrade , Andrade Arthur Guerra de
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE: To analyze alcohol, tobacco and other drug use among medical students. METHOD: Over a five-year period (1996-2001), we evaluated 457 students at the Universidade de São Paulo School of Medicine, located in São Paulo, Brazil. The students participated by filling out an anonymous questionnaire on drug use (lifetime, previous 12 months and previous 30 days). The influence that gender and academic year have on drug use was also analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, there was an increase in the use of illicit drugs, especially inhalants and amphetamines, among the medical students evaluated. Drug use (except that of marijuana and inhalants) was comparable between the genders, and academic year was an important influencing factor. DISCUSSION: Increased inhalant use was observed among the medical students, especially among males and students in the early undergraduate years. This is suggestive of a specific behavioral pattern among medical students. Our findings corroborate those of previous studies. CONCLUSION: Inhalant use is on the rise among medical students at the Universidade de São Paulo School of Medicine. Because of the negative health effects of illicit drug use, further studies are needed in order to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon and to facilitate the development of preventive measures.
The prevalence of psychopathology in offspring of bipolar women from a Brazilian tertiary center
Authors: Petresco Sandra , Gutt Elisa Kijner , Krelling Renata , Lotufo Neto Francisco , Rohde Luis Augusto Paim , Moreno Ricardo Alberto
Published: September 2009

OBJECTIVE: No previous study has assessed the occurrence of psychopathology in offspring of bipolar women from South America. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of psychopathology in offspring of bipolar mothers from Brazil compared with two control groups. METHOD: Children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years of bipolar disorders mothers (n = 43), mothers with other mild to moderate mental disorders (n = 53) and mothers without any psychiatric disorder (n = 53) were evaluated using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia present and lifetime version, the Child Behavior Checklist and the Youth Self-Report. Raters were blind to the mothers' diagnoses, who were interviewed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview. RESULTS: Bipolar offspring had twice the chance of having one or more lifetime Axis I diagnoses [prevalence ratio = 2.11 (95% CI: 1.30-3.42) and p = 0.003] and 2.8 higher risk of having a lifetime anxiety disorder [prevalence ratio = 2.83 (95% CI: 1.39-5.78) e p = 0.004] than the offspring of mothers with no mental disorder. In addition, significantly higher scores on Child Behavior Checklist thought problems and Youth Self-Report social problems, as well as anxiety/depression and internalizing problems were observed. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm previous findings suggesting higher psychiatric problems in offspring of bipolar mothers and extend them to the Brazilian society
Evolução de biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo e relação com a performance competitiva em dois momentos da temporada de treinamento de natação
Authors: Deminice Rafael , Degiovanni Gabriel Carvalho , Garlipp-Picchi Monike Ribeiro , Nóbrega Mariana T. , Teixeira Marcelo , Jordão Alceu Afonso
Published: September 2009

Estudos têm demonstrado aumento na formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio após o esforço físico intenso. Esses eventos podem aumentar a suscetibilidade das células musculares a danos oxidativos como a peroxidação lipídica. Assim, variações na intensidade e no volume de treinamento durante a temporada podem modular o metabolismo oxidativo e influenciar a performance dos atletas. OBJETIVO: Estudar a evolução de biomarcadores de peroxidação lipídica em dois momentos de um ciclo periodizado de treinamento e relacionar com a performance competitiva de natação. MÉTODOS: Participaram do presente estudo 16 nadadores (nove do gênero masculino e sete do feminino). Amostras de sangue foram coletadas em dois períodos do ciclo de treinamento: período preparatório específico e período de polimento. Espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e peróxidos totais foram determinados como biomarcadores de peroxidação lípidica. Creatina quinase foi determinada como parâmetro de dano celular muscular. O índice técnico alcançado no estilo de especialidade de cada atleta foi utilizado como parâmetro de performance competitiva. O índice técnico foi determinado na competição preparatória Troféu Electro Bonini realizada no período preparatório específico, e no Campeonato Paulista realizado no final do período de polimento. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrado aumento significativo (p < 0,05) no índice técnico no Campeonato Paulista (769,6 ± 51,1 pontos) em relação ao Troféu Electro Bonini (751,1 ± 55,7 pontos). Significativas reduções na concentração de TBARS (5,7 ± 2,9 vs 3,3 ± 2,2µmol/L) e peróxidos totais (45,1 ± 20,6 vs 29,6 ± 13,0, µmol H2O2/L) foram encontrados no período de polimento com relação ao período preparatório específico. O mesmo não foi encontrado para creatina quinase (123,6 ± 60,1 vs 137,4 ± 74,9U/L). CONCLUSÃO: A significativa diminuição nos biomarcadores de peroxidação lipídica decorrente do decréscimo no volume e intensidade do treinamento após o período de polimento demonstra a influência das variações do treinamento sobre o estresse oxidativo e sua possível relação com a performance.
Analysis of mangrove forest succession, using sediment cores: a case study in the Cananéia -Iguape coastal system, São Paulo Brazil
Authors: Cunha-Lignon Marília , Mahiques Michel M. , Schaeffer-Novelli Yara , Rodrigues Marcelo , Klein Daniel A. , Goya Samara C. , Menghini Ricardo P. , Tolentino Clodoaldo C. , Cintrón-Molero Gilberto , Dahdouh-Guebas Farid
Published: September 2009

Sediment cores are an essential tool for the analysis of the dynamics of mangrove succession. Coring was used to correlate changes in depositional environments and lateral sedimentary facies with discrete stages of forest succession at the Cananéia-Iguape Coastal System in southeastern Brazil. A local level successional pattern was examined based on four core series T1) a sediment bank; T2) a smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora bank; T3) an active mangrove progradation fringe dominated by Laguncularia racemosa, and; T4) a mature mangrove forest dominated by Avicennia schaueriana. Cores were macroscopically described in terms of color, texture, sedimentary structure and organic components. The base of all cores exhibited a similar pattern suggesting common vertical progressive changes in depositional conditions and subsequent successional colonization pattern throughout the forest. The progradation zone is an exposed bank, colonized by S. alterniflora. L. racemosa, replaces S. alterniflora as progradation takes place. As the substrate consolidates A. schaueriana replaces L. racemosa and attains the greatest structural development in the mature forest. Cores collected within the A. schaueriana dominated stand contained S. alterniflora fragments near the base, confirming that a smooth cordgrass habitat characterized the establishment and early seral stages. Cores provide a reliable approach to describe local-level successional sequences in dynamic settings subject to drivers operating on multiple temporal and spatial scales where spatial heterogeneity can lead to multiple equilibria and where similar successional end-points may be reached through convergent paths.
Capture efficiency for small dominant mesozooplankters (Copepoda, Appendicularia) off Buenos Aires Province (34ºS-41ºS), Argentine Sea, using two plankton mesh sizes
Authors: Di Mauro Rosana , Capitanio Fabiana , Viñas María Delia
Published: September 2009

Two plankton mesh sizes of 67 µm and 220 µm were compared to evaluate their efficiency in the capture of the smallest copepods and appendicularians present in the Buenos Aires coastal area (Argentine Sea). A total of 12 copepod species and one appendicularian species were recorded in this study. The copepods were separated into 4 groups: harpacticoids, cyclopoids, small calanoids and large calanoids and their developmental stages. Among the cyclopoids, Oithona nana was the most abundant species, being 96.29 % underestimated by the 220 µm mesh, whereas Microsetella norvegica dominated the harpacticoids and was captured exclusively by the smaller mesh. Similar results were found for copepodites I-III of small calanoids, whose net sampled underestimation reached 99.70%. On the other hand, no significant difference between meshes was found for adults and copepodites IV-V of small calanoids or any of the developmental stages of large calanoids. A great loss of biomass was observed for O. nana when applying the larger mesh. In regards to the appendicularian Oikopleura dioica, all size ranges below 1,000 µm length were better estimated by the 67 µm mesh in terms of abundance and biomass. Our results clearly show that the 67 µm mesh was more efficient in the capture of early stages of small copepods thus providing a more accurate estimation of the fish larvae prey field.
Concentration of heavy metals in tissues of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) sampled in the Cananéia estuary, Brazil
Authors: Barbieri Edison
Published: September 2009

Thirty specimens (15 adults and 15 juveniles) of Chelonia mydas found in the Cananéia estuary in the state of São Paulo on the southeastern Brazilian coast between January 2005 and September 2006, were analyzed The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn and Ni in liver and kidney samples of adult and juvenile green turtles were determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry.The average Cd concentration found in adult livers (0.57µg.g-1) was significantly higher than that in juveniles (0.279µg.g-1). Cu concentrations were significantly higher in the liver than in the kidney, and significantly higher in adults (39.9µg.g-1) than in juveniles (20.7µg.g-1) Average Mn concentrations in liver and kidney did not differ between adults (4.32 and 4.17µg.g-1) and juveniles (4.81 and 3.82µg.g-1), whereas Ni concentrations in adults (0.28 and 0.19µg.g-1, respectively) were significantly higher than in juveniles (0.13 and 0.089µg.g-1, respectively). Pb concentrations in liver were significantly higher in adults (0.37µg.g-1) than in juveniles (0.06µg.g-1). The concentrations of essential trace elements in Chelonia mydas were generally comparable to values reported in other, similar studies. With respect to non-essential metals (Cd, Pb and Ni), Chelonia mydas presented lower values than those reported for their northern Atlantic counterparts.
Association of testicular germ cell tumor with polymorphisms in estrogen receptor and steroid metabolism genes
Authors: Ferlin Alberto , Ganz Francesco , Pengo Manuel , Selice Riccardo , Frigo Anna Chiara , Foresta Carlo
Published: September 2009

It is generally assumed that the development of testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is under endocrine control. In particular, unbalanced androgen/estrogen levels and/or activity are believed to represent the key events for TGCT development and progression. Furthermore, recent evidence has suggested a strong genetic component for TGCT. In this study, we analyzed whether a genetic variation in estrogen receptor (ESR) genes and steroid hormone metabolism genes is associated with TGCT. We genotyped for 17 polymorphic markers in 11 genes in 234 TGCT cases and 218 controls: ESR (ESR1 and ESR2); CYP19A1 (aromatase); 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 4 (HSD17B1 and HSD17B4) dehydrogenases that convert potent androgens and estrogens to weak hormones; cytochrome P450 hydroxylating enzymes CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1; and the metabolic enzymes COMT, SULT1A1, and SULT1E1. We observed a significant association of rs11205 in HSD17B4 with TGCT. TGCT risk was increased twofold per copy of the minor A allele at this locus (odds ratios (OR)=2.273, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.737–2.973). Homozygous carriage of the minor A allele was associated with an over fourfold increased risk of TGCT (OR=4.561, 95% CI=2.615–7.955) compared with homozygous carriage of the major G allele. The risk was increased both for seminoma (OR=5.327, 95% CI=2.857–9.931) and for nonseminoma (OR=3.222, 95% CI=1.471–7.059). We found for the first time an association of polymorphisms in HSD17B4 gene with TGCT. Our findings expand the current knowledge on the role of genetic contribution in testicular cancer susceptibility, and support the hypothesis that variations in hormone metabolism genes might change the hormonal environment implicated in testicular carcinogenesis.
Comparing Health of People with Heart Disease in the United States and Canada
Authors: Pozen Alexis J , Cutler David M
Published: September 2009

Background: Heart disease is among the leading causes of death in the U.S. and Canada. Despite the U.S.'s higher spending on health care, it is unclear whether persons with heart disease fare better in one country or the other.Methods: To evaluate and compare the health of people aged 45 and older in the U.S. and Canada, we drew upon the Joint Canada-U.S. Survey of Health (JCUSH), a random telephone interview conducted from 2002 to 2003. We used self-reported fair or poor health, disability, and functional impairment as dependent variables in logistic regressions, which controlled for demographic variables and other risk factors.Results: Adjusting for covariates, Canadian respondents with heart disease reported better health as measured by disability, but there was no difference for functional impairment or self-reported fair or poor health. The odds ratios (Canada:U.S.) were 1.10 (p=0.69) for fair or poor health, 0.56 (p=0.06) for disability, and 0.78 (p=0.32) for functional impairment.Conclusions: Our results indicate that people with heart disease are in better health in Canada as measured by disability, but there is no difference for overall self-reported health or functional impairment. Further research must be done to determine the cause of outcomes differences among heart disease patients.
Education in the Liquid-Modern Setting
Authors: Bauman Zygmunt
Published: September 2009

The powerful flow from solid modernity to liquid modernity – presaged by and presaging further social changes hitherto unknown in scope and speed – is creating new and unprecedented conditions in which individuals must pursue their fragmentary goals. Liquid-modern culture is the here-and-now and its heady temporality demands adaptability and flexibility whilst rendering them enticing and even exciting. The world is full of seductive and promising chances but, like the will o' the wisp, its promises of empowerment are fleeting. Grasp them and they are gone, leaving only danger and disempowerment under foot. Education has, in the past, been able to adjust itself to changing circumstances and so provide some foundation; but the present change is not like past changes and the art of living in a world over-saturated with information has yet to be learned. This article sets out to capture the uncertainty, even if only momentarily, of liquid-modern culture to give some purchase to the questions education and educationalists must ask of it.
Creative Partners: Arts Practice and the Potential for Pupil Voice
Authors: Jones Susan , Hall Christine
Published: September 2009

Recently in English schools the value of ‘pupil voice’ activities has been strongly promoted by the school improvement movement and by the Office for Standards in Education, the national inspection agency. A parallel and related agenda in English education policy has seen the official endorsement of the importance of developing creativity in school. This article is concerned with the potential of creative and arts activities to extend the range and types of children's and young people's opportunities to participate meaningfully in school and to have their voices heard. The article draws on data from the Creative School Change Project, an Arts Council funded investigation into the impact of the Creative Partnerships [CP] programme on whole-school change. CP funds artists and creative practitioners to work in partnership with schools in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. The authors argue that the literature that categorises and promotes pupil voice pays insufficient attention to the potential of artistic/aesthetic discourses amongst pupils in school, and that such discourses make an important contribution to democratic school cultures. They suggest that the work of CP within the group of schools identified in this article demonstrates how ‘pupil voice’ activities, now officially sanctioned in schools, might be expanded and modified by creative practice.
The Unaddressed ‘I’ of Ideology Critique
Authors: Pinar William F.
Published: September 2009

Power and ideology, from different standpoints, claim and reject each other, with different – and sometimes new – constructions of power built upon the rubble of past ideologies. This article takes as its starting point Michael F.D. Young's Bringing Knowledge Back In to address the links between education and power as they are played out and played with in sociologies of knowledge and education. Power acts on subjects but so too does it call the subject into being. Hiding this quixotic other of ideology critique – that is, ‘I’ the critic – enables the concealment of power. It is not enough, then, to recognize the production and reproduction of power operating externally: the power within us, the ability to imagine resistance against ourselves and others, must be acknowledged.
Servile Power: When Something is Rotten in the State of Denmark
Authors: Grønbæk Justine
Published: September 2009

This article scrutinizes the political demand for a strengthening of the culture of evaluation in public schools in Denmark. Using a combination of governmentality literature and the concept of paradox provided by systems theory, a number of recent political initiatives to promote evaluation and assessment in Danish primary schools are investigated. This sheds light on how the Danish Ministry of Education has come to recognize that local teacher resistance undermines means of power and has developed new strategies of self-evaluation and self-governance. Drawing on Mitchell Dean's concept of culture governance the article examines how political governing can function as power, not by means of control and regulation, but by affecting the teachers' wills and desires to change the way they think and act in their professional lives. The article suggests that political governing is not only exercised by detailed regulation that disempowers teachers or diminishes their freedom in the classroom but that strategies of self-governing are highly complex and ambiguous in their ways of operating through the cultivation of teachers' identities.
Body Condition and Fat Score in Local and Passage Populations of the Great Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) During the Spring Migration in NE Bulgaria
Authors: Zehtindjiev Pavel
Published: September 2009

Body Condition and Fat Score in Local and Passage Populations of the Great Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) During the Spring Migration in NE Bulgaria

The fat level and the body mass of local Great Reed Warblers in the Kalimok Field Station, NE Bulgaria (41°00'N, 26°26'E) were compared with those of passing birds. During the springs of 1998-2004, 591 individuals of this species were mist-netted and handled according to the guidelines in the Manual of Field Methods (ESF project) and to the South-East European Bird Migration Network (SEEN) standards. As local birds we identified 60 individuals caught at least twice in different seasons. The means of the fat score and the body mass calculated for the local birds and for the passing Great Reed Warblers were similar. Also, the time of the local birds arrival and the passage of the species in the region studied coincided. Therefore, we suggest that the southern and northern populations have equal potentials for realization of their migratory state and birds from southern populations could spread in spring to the north, being an important interregional gene flow in Great Reed Warblers.
Perils and Promises: Middle-Class Parental Involvement in Urban Schools
Authors: Cucchiara Maia Bloomfield , Horvat Erin McNamara
Published: September 2009

Given recent trends, middle-class families may become an increasing presence in urban districts. Such parents could help secure badly needed resources and raise expectations. This study of parental involvement in two urban schools suggests that middle-class parental involvement may be more complex than often assumed. The authors find that middle-class parents bring myriad resources to urban schools and can be catalysts for change. However, the relationship between parental involvement and widespread benefit was mediated by parents’ own goals and perspectives as well as by the larger social context. Furthermore, compared to a more individualistic approach to parental involvement, a collective orientation is more sustainable and has greater potential for benefiting all children in the school, without regard to their social class.
MORPHOLOGY AND PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODEPOSITED ZN-NI ALLOY COATINGS ON MILD STEEL
Authors: Rahman M J , Sen S R , Moniruzzaman M , Shorowordi K M
Published: September 2009

Zinc-nickel alloys electrochemically deposited on mild steel under various deposition conditions were investigated. The effect of plating variables (bath composition, pH, current density) on the coating composition, morphology, corrosion property and microhardness were investigated. Modified morphology with perfect crystal growth, uniform arrangement of crystals, refinement in crystal size and hence bright deposit was obtained from sulfate Bath-3 containing 30 g/l H3BO3 at a current density of 75 mA/cm2. Corrosion resistance as well as microhardness of Zn-Ni alloy coatings increased with the increase of %Ni in the deposit for all the sulphate baths studied. Optimum conditions for good deposition are also discussed. Keywords: Zn-Ni alloy, electrodeposition, morphology, corrosion resistance.   doi: 10.3329/jme.v40i1.3468 Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME40, No. 1, June 2009 9-14
HEAT TRANSFER IN A POROUS MEDIUM OVER A STRETCHING SURFACE WITH INTERNAL HEAT GENERATION AND SUCTION OR INJECTION IN THE PRESENCE OF RADIATION
Authors: Sultana Tamanna , Saha Sumon , Rahman Mohammad Mansur , Saha Goutam
Published: September 2009

Heat transfer in a porous medium over a stretching surface with internal heat generation and suction or injection has been analyzed numerically in the presence of radiation. In this analysis, the governing equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations and solved them numerically using Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique. The local similarity solutions for the flow and the heat transfer characteristics are presented graphically for various material parameters entering into the problem. The effects of the pertinent parameters on the local skin friction coefficient (viscous drag) and the Nusselt number (rate of heat transfer) are also displayed graphically. Keywords: Internal heat generation, suction, injection, radiation, Nusselt number.   doi: 10.3329/jme.v40i1.3469   Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME40, No. 1, June 2009 22-28
ANALYTICAL AND CFD INVESTIGATION OF TURBULENT DIFFUSION MODEL FOR PARTICLE DISPERSION AND DEPOSITION
Authors: Hossain Alamgir , Naser Jamal
Published: September 2009

A 2D analytical turbulent diffusion model for particle dispersion and deposition at different heights across the pipe flow and circumferential deposition has been developed. This liquid-solid turbulent diffusion model presented in this paper has emanated from an existing gas-liquid turbulent diffusion model. Simultaneously a comprehensive 3D numerical investigation has been carried out to study the above making of multiphase mixture model available in Fluent 6.1. In both studies different particles sizes and densities were used. The deposition was studied as a function of particle diameter, density and fluid velocity. The deposition of particles, along the periphery of the wall and at different depths, was also investigated. Both studies showed that the deposition of heavier particles at the bottom of the pipe wall was found to be higher at lower velocities and lower at higher velocities. The lighter particles were found mostly suspended with homogeneous distribution. Smaller particles were also suspended with marginal higher concentration near the bottom of the wall. This marginal higher concentration of the smaller particles was found to be slightly pronounced for lower velocity. The larger particles clearly showed deposition near the bottom of the wall. These analogies of particles are well discussed with the ratio between free flight velocity and the gravitational settling velocity. Key Words: Multiphase flow, turbulence diffusion, particle deposition, horizontal flow.   doi: 10.3329/jme.v40i1.3472 Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME40, No. 1, June 2009 39-53
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MATHEMATICAL CORRELATIONS OF CUTTING PARAMETERS FOR MACHINING GRAPHITE WITH CNC WEDM
Authors: ParameswaraRao Ch. V. S. , Sarcar M. M. M.
Published: September 2009

The Wire cut electrical discharge machining is found to have tremendous potential in the present day metal cutting process, for achieving improved geometric features of work pieces, dimensional accuracy, surface finish etc. Improving the productivity in CNC WEDM depends solely on optimization of various process parameters viz... discharge current, thickness etc. Thus the present work is aimed at experimental evaluation of those machining parameters for different sizes of Graphite which is a prominent electrode material. Further the effect of these parameters on cutting speed, spark gap and material removal rate is investigated and best suited values are obtained for stable and controlled machining with least wire breakage. Based on the experimental results, empirical correlations are established and validated to evaluate the above parameters analytically for different work piece sizes. The correlations are found useful for finding the best suited discharge current, spark gap, cutting speed and cutting time under various cutting conditions. The results are represented in graphical form also. Key Words: WEDM, Cutting speed, MRR, Spark gap, Mathematical correlations   doi: 10.3329/jme.v40i1.3474 Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. ME40, No. 1, June 2009 63-67
Comprehensive Management of Breast Cancer
Authors: Haque M Mansurul
Published: September 2009

doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i1.3479TAJ June 2004; Volume 17 Number 1
Study of Serum Cholesterol Levels among the Patients of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hafiz M Samiul , Arslan M Iqbal , Banarjee Sajal , Obaidullah M
Published: September 2009

Myocardial Infarction (MI) is the most common form of heart disease and the single most important cause of premature death in the developed and developing world. Unfortunately the incidence of the condition is increasing rapidly in many developing countries like Bangladesh. Effort should therefore be taken to minimize the risk factors of MI. Large scale randomized clinical trials have shown that lowering high cholesterol concentration mainly by drugs reduces the risk of cardiac events like MI. This study was designed to see the serum cholesterol levels in normal healthy subjects, to compare serum cholesterol levels in patients with MI and those of healthy subjects and to evaluate the association of serum cholesterol level in Bangladesh MI patients. The present study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU in collaboration with Department of Cardiology, BSMMU and NICVD, Dhaka during the period of July 2001 to December 2002. A total of 50 subjects were selected, Group A (30 subjects of Control) and Group B (20 subjects of MI). The mean level of serum cholesterol in control subjects were 145.07 ± 31.39 mg/dl and in test subjects were 226.91 ± 44.38 mg/dl. This study showed that serum cholesterol level was significantly higher in patients with MI. From the present study, it is difficult to draw any definite conclusion but suggested that high serum cholesterol concentration plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MI.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i1.3483 TAJ 2004; 17(1) : 13-15
Gingivitis: A Common Preventable Oral Health Problem
Authors: Nessa Jebun , Choudhury SR
Published: September 2009

Bangladesh is a country possessing harmful lifestyle for oral health. The country culture put the people to be exposed to harmful factors responsible for development of gingivitis. However, effective health education can bring encouraging result to aware them for healthy practice. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effect of habitual factor as well as demographic influence on gingival health status. A hospital-based cross sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Faculty of Dentistry, BSMMU, Dhaka-1000, from April-June of 2004. A total of 117 cased were interviewed and examined. Data were collected from all patients attended the dental outpatient department. All patients were interviewed (face-to-face) using a semi-structured questionnaire. Clinical examination was performed to measure the gingival health status using standard gingival index. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS program version 10.0. Among all participants 37.6% were female and 62.4% were male. The age range of the participants was 10-65 years. Most of the participants were student (22.2%). The study showed high rate of gingivitis (89%). The peak prevalent age group was over 40 years. The worst condition was detected among those who were both tobacco users as well as betel nut chewers (73.3%) and this is highly significant (p<.000). The majority of the study population showed a tendency to brush their teeth in the morning (86.3%) rather than at night (10.3%). It was found that the prevalence of gingivitis significantly increased with decreasing social class irrespective of sex. The study also found other interesting associated factors related to the gingivitis. Since little information is currently available in Bangladesh, small-scale hospital-based survey offers little support regarding the concept of gingivitis and its associated factors. Further study is needed with bigger sample size preferably using qualitative approach.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i1.3485 TAJ 2004; 17(1) : 20-26
Mollaret's Meningitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hoque M Azizul , Chowdhury N , Hoque Z , Siddiqui NA , Islam R , Ahmad Q
Published: September 2009

Mollaret's meningitis is defined as a benign recurrent aseptic meningitis characterized by three to ten episodes of fever and signs of meningeal irritation lasting between 2 to 5 days, associated with spontaneous recovery. Mollaret in 1944 described this rare form of self limiting aseptic recurrent benign meningitis. It is an extremely rare condition. Till 2002 approximately 50 cases of recurrent HSV meningitis have been described in the United States and in Europe. Here a report of a patient with recurrent meningitis, which resembles the criteria of Mollaret's Meningitis, is presented.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i1.3489 TAJ 2004; 17(1) : 41-46
Japanese Encephalitis: Bangladesh Perspective: A Revi
Authors: Hussain Sultana M , Ekram ARM Saifuddin , Hossain MJ , Gurley E , Lubey S
Published: September 2009

Japanese encephalitis is numerically one of the most important causes of mosquito borne viral encephalitis not only in Asia but all over the world. Japanese encephalitis infection has not been recognized in Bangladesh since an outbreak in 1977 near Mymensingh. A prospective hospital based surveillance study carried out by Centre for Health and Population Research (ICDDR,B) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA began in June 2003 at Dhaka, Mymenhsingh and Rajshahi Medical College Hospital to find out the causes of encephalitis proved that there are 6% patient who were admitted to the hospital with the sign and symptoms of encephalitis were infected with JE. In Rajshahi Medical College Hospital 12.38% encephalitic patients had JE infection. Though the study is ongoing but these data suggest that Japanese encephalitis virus is an emerging cause of encephalitis in Bangladesh.   doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i1.3493 TAJ 2004; 17(1) : 57-70
The Reverend Thomas Hincks FRS (1818–1899): taxonomist of Bryozoa and Hydrozoa
Authors: Calder Dale R.
Published: September 2009

Thomas Hincks was born 15 July 1818 in Exeter, England. He attended Manchester New College, York, from 1833 to 1839, and received a B.A. from the University of London in 1840. In 1839 he commenced a 30-year career as a cleric, and served with distinction at Unitarian chapels in Ireland and England. Meanwhile, he enthusiastically pursued interests in natural history. A breakdown in his health and permanent voice impairment during 1867–68 while at Mill Hill Chapel, Leeds, forced him reluctantly to resign from active ministry in 1869. He moved to Taunton and later to Clifton, and devoted much of the rest of his life to natural history. Hincks was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1872 for noteworthy contributions to natural history. Foremost among his publications in science were A history of the British hydroid zoophytes (1868) and A history of the British marine Polyzoa (1880). Hincks named 24 families, 52 genera and 360 species and subspecies of invertebrates, mostly Bryozoa and Hydrozoa. Hincks died 25 January 1899 in Clifton, and was buried in Leeds. His important bryozoan and hydroid collections are in the Natural History Museum, London. At least six genera and 13 species of invertebrates are named in his honour.
The fate of the bird specimens from Cook's voyages possessed by Sir Joseph Banks
Authors: Medway David G.
Published: September 2009

Joseph Banks possessed the greater part of the zoological specimens collected on James Cook's three voyages round the world (1768–1780). In early 1792, Banks divided his zoological collection between John Hunter and the British Museum. It is probable that those donations together comprised most of the zoological specimens then in the possession of Banks, including such bird specimens as remained of those that had been collected by himself and Daniel Solander on Cook's first voyage, and those that had been presented to him from Cook's second and third voyages. The bird specimens included in the Banks donations of 1792 became part of a series of transactions during the succeeding 53 years which involved the British Museum, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and William Bullock. It is a great pity that, of the extensive collection of bird specimens from Cook's voyages once possessed by Banks, only two are known with any certainty to survive.
Botany and zoology in the late seventeenth-century Philippines: the work of Georg Josef Camel SJ (1661–1706)
Authors: Reyes Raquel A. G.
Published: September 2009

Georg Josef Camel (1661–1706) went to the Spanish colony of the Philippine Islands as a Jesuit lay brother in 1687, and he remained there until his death. Throughout his time in the Philippines, Camel collected examples of the flora and fauna, which he drew and described in detail. This paper offers an overview of his life, his publications and the Camel manuscripts, drawings and specimens that are preserved among the Sloane Manuscripts in the British Library and in the Sloane Herbarium at the Natural History Museum, London. It also discusses Camel's links and exchanges with scientifically minded plant collectors and botanists in London, Madras and Batavia. Among those with whom Camel corresponded were John Ray, James Petiver, and the Dutch physician Willem Ten Rhijne.
150 years of changing attitudes towards zoological collections in a university museum: the case of the Thomas Bell tortoise collection in the Oxford University Museum
Authors: Nowak-kemp Małgosia B.
Published: September 2009

Thomas Bell's collection of tortoises arrived in the Oxford University Museum in 1862 as part of the great benefaction of the Reverend F. W. Hope. The collection's fate, together with the fate of other zoological collections of the University, was closely linked with the research and personal interests of the Heads of Departments in the Museum. The whole collection was at first exhibited in the Museum's Main Court for over thirty years, followed by the removal of most of its specimens to stores, with only a small number left on display. In between, the specimens were the subject of furious custodianship claims, and only in 1956, after nearly a century in Oxford, were the tortoises finally entered in the accession catalogues of the Zoological Collections. The battles and controversies surrounding the collection reflected the changes in teaching and the approach to the natural history collections in the oldest university in the United Kingdom.
The identity of the birds depicted in Shaw and Miller'sCimelia physica
Authors: Walters Michael
Published: September 2009

J. F. Miller's Icones animalium (1785) is a very rare book; only two copies (both incomplete) are known to survive. It is, however, nomenclaturally important, as some of Miller's names are the first for the species in question. A second edition was published in 1796 with a text by George Shaw. It is on this edition, entitled Cimelia physica, that much of the identification of Miller's names has been based. This author examined copies of both editions to determine whether variable colourings in different copies could have affected the identification of the species depicted. In fact, no departures from previous identifications resulted. The appendix discusses the bird plates.
Scale-Based Gaussian Coverings: Combining Intra and Inter Mixture Models in Image Segmentation
Authors: Murtagh Fionn , Contreras Pedro , Starck Jean-Luc
Published: September 2009

By a “covering” we mean a Gaussian mixture model fit to observed data. Approximations of the Bayes factor can be availed of to judge model fit to the data within a given Gaussian mixture model. Between families of Gaussian mixture models, we propose the Rényi quadratic entropy as an excellent and tractable model comparison framework. We exemplify this using the segmentation of an MRI image volume, based (1) on a direct Gaussian mixture model applied to the marginal distribution function, and (2) Gaussian model fit through k-means applied to the 4D multivalued image volume furnished by the wavelet transform. Visual preference for one model over another is not immediate. The Rényi quadratic entropy allows us to show clearly that one of these modelings is superior to the other.
Functional Analysis of Familial Asp67Glu and Thr1051Ser BRCA1 Mutations in Breast/Ovarian Carcinogenesis
Authors: Pongsavee Malinee , Patmasiriwat Pimpicha , Saunders Grady  F.
Published: September 2009

Estrogen is believed to be pre-initiator in the risk of breast cancer. The BRCA1 is a tumor suppressor gene associated with breast and ovarian cancer risk. This report describes functional analysis of two BRCA1 missense mutations (Asp67Glu and Thr1051Ser) observed in the familial breast/ovarian cancer patients in Thailand. Levels of luciferase activity of the two mutations were relatively lower than in the wild-type BRCA1. It is indicated that mutants may fail to promote the estrogen receptor dependent functions.It is presumed that estrogen and insulin/IGF-1 regulate c-Myc and cyclin D1 during breast cancer cell proliferation. It is also likely to affect ubiquitination mechanism. Since three affected cancer families carry the Asp67Glu mutation, it is believed that this type of mutation could have some effect on breast/ovarian cancer progression.