bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interdependence of the Ypt/RabGAP Gyp5p and Gyl1p for Recruitment to the Sites of Polarized Growth
Authors: Chesneau Laurent , Prigent Magali , Boy‐Marcotte Emmanuelle , Daraspe Jean , Fortier Guillaume , Jacquet Michel , Verbavatz Jean‐Marc , Cuif Marie‐Hélène
Published: March 2008

Gyp5p and Gyl1p are two members of the Ypt/Rab guanosine triphosphatases‐activating proteins involved in the control of polarized exocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We had previously shown that Gyp5p and Gyl1p colocalize at the sites of polarized growth and belong to the same complex in subcellular fractions enriched in plasma membrane or secretory vesicles. Here, we investigate the interaction between Gyp5p and Gyl1p as well as the mechanism of their localization to the sites of polarized growth. We show that purified recombinant Gyp5p and Gyl1p interact directly in vitro. In vivo, both Gyp5p and Gyl1p are mutually required to concentrate at the sites of polarized growth. Moreover, the localization of Gyp5p and Gyl1p to the sites of polarized growth requires the formins Bni1p and Bnr1p and depends on actin cables. We show that, in a sec6‐4 mutant, blocking secretion leads to coaccumulation of Gyp5p and Gyl1p, together with Sec4p. Electron microscopy experiments demonstrate that Gyp5p is associated with secretory vesicles. Altogether, our results indicate that both Gyp5p and Gyl1p access the sites of polarized growth by transport on secretory vesicles. Two polarisome components, Spa2p and Bud6p, are involved in maintaining Gyp5p and Gyl1p colocalized at the sites of polarized growth.
Breast or bottle? Eating disordered childbearing women and infant‐feeding decisions
Authors: Stapleton Helen , Fielder Anna , Kirkham Mavis
Published: March 2008

Debates about infant‐feeding methods have intensified in recent years with increasing pressures on women living in industrialized nations to breastfeed their infants. This paper, based on a qualitative study of 16 childbearing women with a pre‐existing eating disorder living in the north of England, examines participants' motivations for, and understandings of, infant‐feeding decisions and practices. In this study, a small number of participants reported being ‘desperate’ to formula feed in order to resume practices underpinning their eating disorder and thereby to shed the weight accumulated during pregnancy. These participants anticipated an early return to restrictive eating, heavy exercise regimes and/or bingeing/purging behaviours. Most participants, however, reported being ‘desperate’ to breastfeed because this implied ‘good’ mothering and prolonged the time during which they could consume ‘naughty’ treats. Women who opted to breastfeed generally believed this would accelerate weight loss. This study contributes to research on the subjective experiences of a particular group of women living with chronic illnesses and problematic relationships with their bodies. Negotiating individual transitions to motherhood required participants to confront their own, often longstanding, disrupted eating patterns and to make important decisions about infant‐feeding methods. Findings from this study raise questions about some of the assumptions underpinning infant‐feeding activities and articulate some of the complexities surrounding these issues. By highlighting ways in which women may compromise their own well‐being by prioritizing their baby's needs, for example by persisting with breastfeeding when they were ‘desperate’ to re‐engage with their disordered eating practices, an individualized cost‐benefit framing is outlined.
Health goals among primary care patients
Authors: Lauver Diane Ruth , Worawong Chiraporn , Olsen Christine
Published: March 2008

Purpose: To identify individuals’ health goals and describe their preferences in attaining those goals and to explore associations of type of goals with individual characteristics.

Data sources: In a descriptive study, 60 adult patients from primary care clinics completed written questionnaires anonymously. Content analyses and frequencies were used to summarize data.

Conclusions: Health promotion interventions could be more effective if they were customized, in part, to individuals’ health goals. There are few evidence‐based descriptions of individuals’ own health goals and their preferences in how to pursue them. Participants in this study shared common goals to get in shape, lose weight, and change consumption. Participants preferred to meet initially with practitioners to obtain advice and to connect subsequently by telephone for monitoring.

Implications: Participants did want to improve their health. More specific understanding of such goals and preferences is needed to guide future interventions. Findings can inform clinicians and guide researchers in how to design health behavior interventions.
School‐Based Obesity Interventions: A Literature Review
Authors: Shaya Fadia T. , Flores David , Gbarayor Confidence M. , Wang Jingshu
Published: March 2008

Background:  Childhood obesity is an impending epidemic. This article is an overview of different interventions conducted in school settings so as to guide efforts for an effective management of obesity in children, thus minimizing the risk of adult obesity and related cardiovascular risk.

Methods:  PubMed and OVID Medline databases were searched for school‐based obesity interventions with anthropometric measures in children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 19 years from June 1986 to June 2006. Studies were reviewed by duration, type of intervention, and defined qualitative and quantitative measures, resulting in a yield of 51 intervention studies.

Results:  The interventions ranged from 4 weeks in length to as long as 8 continuing years. In total, 15 of the intervention studies exclusively utilized physical activity programs, 16 studies exclusively utilized educational models and behavior modification strategies, and 20 studies utilized both. In addition, 31 studies utilized exclusively quantitative variables like body mass indices and waist‐to‐hip ratios to measure the efficacy of the intervention programs, and another 20 studies utilized a combination of quantitative and qualitative measures that included self‐reported physical activity and attitude toward physical activity and the tested knowledge of nutrition, cardiovascular health, and physical fitness. A total of 40 studies achieved positive statistically significant results between the baseline and the follow‐up quantitative measurements.

Conclusions:  No persistence of positive results in reducing obesity in school‐age children has been observed. Studies employing long‐term follow‐up of quantitative and qualitative measurements of short‐term interventions in particular are warranted.
Meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a veterinary orthopaedic referral hospital: staff nasal colonisation and incidence of clinical cases
Authors: McLean C. L. , Ness M. G.
Published: March 2008

Objectives: To evaluate staff nasal colonisation with meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a veterinary orthopaedic referral hospital, and its effect on the occurrence of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐associated postoperative wound complications in orthopaedic and spinal surgical patients.

Methods: Nasal bacterial swabs were collected from veterinary staff and environmental surfaces swabbed at six monthly intervals for meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus monitoring over an 18 month period. The incidence of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐associated postoperative wound complications of two veterinary orthopaedic surgeons was reviewed for a period when one was positive for nasal meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Results: Meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from a maximum of two out of 10 staff on each occasion. The persistently infected clinician was primary surgeon in 180 cases, of which four developed meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐associated wound complications. None of 141 operations led by the other surgeon developed meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐associated complications. This difference is not statistically significant (P=0·0974). The 95 per cent confidence interval for this odds ratio was 0·83 to 44·0. Meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus resistance patterns of the human nasal isolates and three of four wound‐associated isolates were similar.

Clinical Significance: Veterinary workers are at increased risk for meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonisation, so it is likely that many veterinary patients are treated by meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus‐positive staff. Nasal colonisation of veterinary surgeons with meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus appears to present only a small risk to their patients when appropriate infection control procedures are followed.
Incomplete dominant osteochondrodysplasia in heterozygous Scottish Fold cats
Authors: Takanosu M. , Takanosu T. , Suzuki H. , Suzuki K.
Published: March 2008

This report describes an autosomal incomplete dominant pattern of inheritance for osteochondrodysplasia in the Scottish Fold cats. A three‐generation pedigree was analysed. Cats with folded ears were mated with cats with normal ears. All cats with folded ears, which were presumably heterozygous for the mutated allele, developed osteochondrodysplasia in distal fore‐ and hindlimbs but not in other bones, including the tail in which bone deformity had been demonstrated in previous studies. The severity of the skeletal lesions of osteochondrodysplasia was different in each affected cat. Most of the cats with severe osteochondrodysplasia showed some clinical signs, but cats with mild disease were clinically unaffected. All Scottish Fold‐related cats with folded‐ear phenotype, even if heterozygotes, suffered from some degree of osteochondrodysplasia of the distal limbs.
2. Persistence of Equine Herpesviruses in Experimentally Infected Horses and the Experimental Induction of Abortion
Authors: Turner A. J. , Studdert M. J. , Peterson J. E.
Published: March 2008

An 8‐month‐old filly (No. 2) developed an acute vulvo‐vaginitis and respiratory disease following inoculation of equine herpesvirus (EH virus) type 1 (EH 39 virus; equine rhinopneumonitis virus) into the vestibule of the vagina. The same virus produced acute respiratory disease but not balanoposthitis following intranasal, intravenous and intrapreputial inoculation of a 12‐month‐old colt (No. 3). A second 8‐month‐old filly (No. 1) developed a mild respiratory disease but not vulvo‐vaginitis following intravestibular inoculation of EH 39 virus. EH viruses that were slowly cytopathic for equine foetal kidney cell cultures and serologically unrelated to the inoculated EH 39 virus were isolated from the buffy coat cells at 3 days and from the nasal cavity at 6 days after inoculation of horse No. 1.

EH virus that was slowly cytopathic and serologically unrelated to EH 39 virus was isolated at 16 days from the vagina of the filly (No. 2) that developed acute vulvovaginitis and was frequently isolated from the nasal cavities of 2 of the 3 horses for 83 days and from the nasal cavity of the third horse for 57 days under conditions that precluded reinfection from other equidae except from each other. EH viruses were recovered from the 3 horses for a further 58 days under conditions where contact with other equidae may, although was not known to, have occurred between 83 and 141 days postinoculation.

It was concluded that these viruses represented a single virus type that was present in the nasal cavity (designated EH 1–6 virus) perhaps also the blood stream of filly No. 1 at the time the 3 horses were purchased and that this virus was subsequently transmitted to the vagina of 1 and the nasal cavities of the other 2 horses. Accordingly a carrier state for EH 39 virus was not shown to occur. These findings are discussed in relation to the natural history of EH virus infections.

Attempts to reactivate the EH viruses to cause clinical respiratory disease, by a series of injections of adrenalin and cortisone, were inconclusive. The 3 horses showed no clinical evidence of respiratory disease when they were reinfected intranasally with EH 39 virus 360 days (1 horse) and 412 days (2 horses) after the initial infection with this virus.

Abortion was produced when EH 39 virus was inoculated directly into the allantoic or amniotic cavity of a pregnant mare although naturally occurring EH virus abortion remains unrecognised in Australia.
INTERNAL FIXATION OF AN AVULSION FRACTURE OFF THE LATERAL PROXIMAL RADIUS IN A HORSE
Authors: Hilbert B. J. , Jacobs K. , Moir D.
Published: March 2008

An avulsion fracture from the lateral proximal radius in a horse was repaired using the principles of interfragmental compression.
Caprine arthritis‐encephalitis virus infection of goats in South Australia
Authors: SURMAN P G , DANIELS E , DIXON B R
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY: : Caprine arthritis‐encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection of dairy goats was shown by virus isolation and serology to be widespread in South Australia.

CAEV was isolated at necropsy from 24 of 27 dairy goats with swollen joints from 13 herds, and from 9 of 30 live dairy goats in 7 herds. Virus was isolated most frequently from synovial membranes, and occasionally from mammary glands, mammary lymph nodes, choroid plexus, lungs, spleen, bone marrow, salivary glands, leucocytes, synovial fluid and milk.

Antibody to CAEV was detected in the serum of 13 of 17 of the necropsied goats tested in a single‐line gel diffusion test, and in another 3 retested with a modified double‐line technique.

Serum antibody was also demonstrated in 61 of 77 dairy goat herds, many with histories of arthritis. In 1984 to 1986 the annual number of serologically positive serums and proportions of the numbers tested were 134 (40%), 121 (45%) and 42 (18%), respectively. CAEV was isolated from leucocytes of 8 live goats in 6 of these herds. In fibre goats antibody was detected in the serum of 25 Angora and 19 crossbreds (0.1%) from the 33,279 Angora, 1,705 Cashmere, 8,715 crossbred and 904 feral goats tested. Aust Vet J 64: 266–271
Altered masticatory function and perceptual estimates of chewing experience
Authors: Chauncey Howard H. , Kapur Krishan K. , Feller Ralph P. , Wayler Alan H.
Published: March 2008

editor's note: The Veterans Administration has been most perceptive and concerned about health changes that occur in the aging population for whom it provides long‐term care. We are pleased to encourage and publish the basic clinical research done by the VA dental staff.
Clinical trials of a sialogogue in humans: a preliminary report
Authors: EPSTEIN J. B.
Published: March 2008

Associate professor and acting head, department of diagnosis and oral radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
A fixed‐removable prosthesis for use in handicapped individuals
Authors: O'DONNELL JOSEPH P.
Published: March 2008

A fixed‐removable prosthesis for use in multiply handicapped and retarded individuals has been presented. This technique has application for those cases in which conventional crown and bridge or removable partial dentures cannot be used.
Mercury in hospital dentistry
Authors: Perim Stewart Ira , Goldberg Allen Fred
Published: March 2008

Amalgam has proved to be among the most versatile and durable of all restorative materials used in the treatment of dental disease. Hospital controls are essential to ensure that it is handled and controlled properly. Each practitioner and staff member should realize the potential hazards associated with mercury, and practice good mercury hygienic measures and control procedures.
Acceptance of dental prophylaxis by the institutionalized patient
Authors: LINDEMANN ROBERT A. , HENSON JOHN L.
Published: March 2008

Institutionalized patients with moderate and severe handicapping conditions may have difficulty receiving routine dental treatment. One reason that prevents their access is negative practitioner expectations. Traditionally, this group has been treated in a hospital setting. This study assesses the ability of dental hygiene students in the general clinic setting to provide dental prophylaxis to patients with moderate and severe handicapping conditions. Of the 38 patients, 31 (82%) were successfully treated in the clinic or quiet room. The results suggest that greater numbers of patients can be treated in private practice situations when simple treatment adjuncts and mild physical restraint are used.
Oral surgery management of the geriatric patient
Authors: ARAGON STEVEN B. , BUCKLEY STEVEN B. , TILSON HUCH B.
Published: March 2008

Because the management of geriatric patients is accomplished with increased risk for morbidity and mortality compared to average patients, dentists who treat the medically compromised geriatric patient should be ready for any emergency. It is the dentisfs responsibility to know basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation, to have trained his ancillary personnel in emergency techniques, and to have the proper resuscitative equipment available.

As the geriatric population increases, so will the demands on the dental profession to provide care for the patients in this category. Geriatric patients require more time, patience, attention to detail, and evaluation before treatment is begun. Clearly, these increasing requests for treatment must be met and the patients delivered the best care the dental profession can offer regardless of compromising medical status.
Infantilization of elderly patients by health care providers
Authors: Dolinsky Elaine H. , Dolinsky Herbert B.
Published: March 2008

Infantilization of the elderly has been defined and clinical examples given Potential effects of the process and their possible contributing factors have been discussed.

As the dental profession increases its awareness of the oral health needs of the elderly, dental personnel must also acquire greater sensitivity to the nuances of communication. The dental delivery team, whether in private practice or in institutions, must appropriately treat elderly patients as adults.
Periodontal treatment needs and oral hygiene for institutionalized individuais with handicapping conditions
Authors: MANN JONATHAN , WOLNERMAN JOSEPH S. , LAVIE GABRIEL , CARLIN YAEL , GARFUNKEL ADI A.
Published: March 2008

Forty‐five patients aged 3 to 22 who have handicapping conditions were examined to determine their oral hygiene leveis and periodontal treatment needs. This study shows that oral hygiene leveis for males and the older population were higher. Periodontal treatment needs were highly correlated to oral hygiene, and were much higher for males and older age groups.

Various aspects were discussed and it was concluded that primary prevention is an immediate, although a partial solution. However, new aids and antibacterial solutions should be further investigated in this population to simplify plaque removal.
Treatment of Papillon‐Lefevre syndrome with chemotherapy: report of cases
Authors: SHAPIRA JOSEPH , EIDELMAN ELIEZER , FUKS ANNA , HACHAM‐ZADEH S.
Published: March 2008

Two sisters affected by Papillon‐Lefevre syndrome were described and treatment trials reported. Scaling, curettage, pro‐phylaxis, and oral hygiene instructions were repeatedly given to the patients. Daily rinses with a solution of cysteine were instituted. When this was unsuccessful, a daily dose of 1 gm tetracycline was admininstered for 8 weeks, concomitant with a periodontal splint. All the treatment modalities failed. Poor patient compliance may have affected the results. A noticeable periodontal finding of PLS was the presence of unaffected primary dentition in the younger sibling.
Geriatric Dentistry: Communicating with the elderly patient
Authors: BROCK ANNA M.
Published: March 2008

I have presented some major biosocial difficulties that occur with age that necessitate special consideration in communication. I believe that through knowledge of these changes and appropriate care, health providers can assist older adults maintain self‐esteem and self‐support, necessary for the development of needed self‐care skills.
Hospital Dentistry: The importance of denture identification
Authors: SEALS RICHARD R. , SEALS DIANNA J.
Published: March 2008

The potential benefits of denture identification are described, and the advantages and disadvantages of four basic methods of marking dentures for identification are delineated. These procedures are simple, efficient, and require little time and effort. The marking of dentures has the potential to reduce human anguish, add quality to life, and save the funds expended to replace lost dentures. It is a professional service that bestows valuable benefits on patients who wear dentures, especially those who live in long‐term care facilities. Denture identification can be a simple, inexpensive means to highlight dentistry as a caring profession with a desire to be of service to people.
The geropsychiatric patient
Authors: CHARATAN FRED B.
Published: March 2008

To achieve successful treatment in the geropsychiatric patient, the dentist should understand the difference between depression and dementia and be able to adapt his or her approach to the patient, depending on the diagnosis. The practitioner should also take time to review the geropsychiatric patient's clinical record and appreciate the patient's behavioral potentialities. Before starting dental treatment, the practitioner should plan appropriate psychotropic medications as a form of psychopharmacologic crisis intervention. This method reflects the team approach in geriatric medicine and dentistry.
Oral candidiasis in the elderly
Authors: THOMAS JOHN E. , LLOYD PATRICK M.
Published: March 2008

Oral candidiasis is a significant infectious process in the elderly. Clinically, it is encountered by the dental practitioner in a variety of ways, including acute and chronic forms. C albicans is also an important factor in the development of angular cheilitis and median rhomboid glossitis.

Numerous systemic and local conditions common to the elderly predispose this population to oral Candida infections. Frequent combinations of these multiple risk factors increase the occurrence of oral candidiasis in older adults. It is imperative that health care providers be cognizant of systemic and local predisposing factors and typical clinical signs and symptoms to provide rational treatment for oral C albicans infections.
Saving a dental residency: a joint commitment
Authors: SMITH BONNIE M.
Published: March 2008

The ability of the hospital to financially sustain a quality dental residency program depends on achieving the required increase in the volume of patients and the appropriate payer mix proportions. Although the importance of achieving financial viability places the program at a continuing risk, the dental department and the hospital's administrative staff members have taken a significant step forward to assure viability of the residency program in a financially uncertain health care environment.
Learned helplessness and the older dental patient
Authors: SHIPMAN BARRY , TEITELMAN JODIE L.
Published: March 2008

The theory of learned helplessness provides a framework for understanding certain dysfunctional, noncompliant behavior often seen by dental practitioners in some of their older patients. According to proponents of the theory, individuals repeatedly exposed to events perceived beyond personal control eventually have the cognitive, motivational, and affective deficits of helplessness. The loss of self‐esteem may also occur if the individual believes he or she is personally responsible for the circumstances. The multiple losses of older dental patients make them particularly vulnerable to helplessness.

Practitioners and staff members have a special role in helping to prevent or reverse the effects of helplessness in older patients. When interacting with these patients, practitioners can enhance the older persons' perceived control by providing the patient with choices when possible and practical, by providing success experience, and by increasing and predictability of the oral rehabilitation process. The practitioner and auxiliary staff members can help modify patients' expectations for restoration of oral functioning when they are inappropriately high to prevent future disappointments. Finally, rehabilitation staff members need to promote autonomy and self‐sufficiency in patients, and to reject the tendency to “do for” patients those tasks that can be independently accomplished. Dental staff members can use these guidelines to enhance the quality of their interactions with older patients and can be instrumental in preventing or eliminating the behavioral deficits associated with learned helplessness.
Nutrition during treatment of head and neck cancer
Authors: JONES JUDITH A. , LANG W. PAUL
Published: March 2008

The importance of nutrition during the treatment of head and neck cancers has been discussed in relation to oral health. The side effects of surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are described as well as their effects on nutrition. Common presentations of therapy‐induced malnutrition are presented. Parameters for nutritional assessment are listed and an instrument is proposed to assist with the monitoring of nutritional status and to aid in organizing interventions that support adequate nutrition. The practitioner who is capable of recognizing and helps to prevent nutritional deficiencies in patients with head and neck cancers provides a valuable service that increases the comfort of the patient and improves the prognosis for successful therapy.
Personality factors, demographic variables, and indexes of periodontal disease in normal, community‐dwelIing males
Authors: GARVEY ARTHUR J. , DOUGLASS CHESTER W. , CHAUNCEY HOWARD H.
Published: March 2008

The present study examined the interrelationships of personality traits and six periodontal health status measures in 550 adult males, aged 29 to 74, who are participants in an ongoing longitudinal study of oral health and aging. Personality characteristics were assessed using Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, and periodontal health status was evaluated through the measurement of the following variables: plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, calculus deposition, periodontal pocket depth, alveolar bone loss, and tooth mobility. A series of multiple regression analyses indicated that the personality traits of anxiety and extroversion had minimal associations with these periodontal disease indexes. Intelligence was weakly associated (inversely) with periodontal disease status. The best predictors of periodontal status were age and education, but these demographic variables accounted for, at most, only 12% of the variance in disease status. Other factors, such as hormonal imbalance, nutritional status, and cigarette smoking habits need to be included in multivariate models to develop a better understanding of interrelationships among factors related to periodontal disease.
Internal resorption of an unerupted third molar
Authors: GARCIA RAUL I. , SINCLAIR CAROLYN , CHAUNCEY HOWARD H.
Published: March 2008

Extensive resorption of an unerupted third molar resulted from progressive periodontal and periapical pathological conditions associated with the adjacent second molar. The subject's failure to seek restorative and periodontal treatment during the 12 years documented led to the findings noted and to eventual tooth loss.
Use of FEIBA and Amicar in the operating room—dental treatment of a patient with hemophilia and high titer factor VIII inhibitors
Authors: SHARP HARRY K. , McILVEEN LEZLEY P. , SCHUMAN NORMAN J.
Published: March 2008

Patients with hemophilia can be difficult to treat with regard to hemorrhage control by dentists. Hemophilia A, the most common congenital bleeding disorder, is a sex‐linked hemorrhagic condition that occurs primarily in males who have a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. In the majority of cases, patients who receive factor VIII infusions before dental treatment can clot normally and be treated successfully. However, certain patients develop inhibitors to factor VIII and cannot receive routine placement therapy.

Factor VIII inhibitors present serious contraindications to dental treatment, as virtually every dental procedure is capable of producing hemorrhage. The patient with factor VIII inhibitors can be treated successfully by the dentist through the administration of synthetic hemorrhage control agents as a prerequisite for any dental procedure. One group of synthetic agents are activated prothrombin complex concentrates, which contain high levels of factors II, VII, IX, and X. FEIBA was used in the case described, in combination with Amicar, an antifibrinolytic agent.

In the case presented, a 6–1/2‐year‐old black male with hemophilia A and high titers of factor VIII inhibitors was successfully treated for severe caries via preoperative therapy with FEIBA and Amicar. The development of these synthetic systemic hemorrhage control agents has allowed the dentist to perform routine dental procedures that were previously contraindicated in these individuals.
Treatment planning for the marginally impaired older patient
Authors: TILLMAN RANDI S.
Published: March 2008

Treatment planning is perhaps one of the most problematic areas in all of dentistry. As people live longer and keep their teeth longer, treatment planning for the older patient is likely to become both more complex and more challenging. The author describes a new category of older patients, the marginally impaired patients, and presents a report of case that illustrates the challenge of treatment planning for this type of patient.
Oral and maxillofacial cancer pain
Authors: EPSTEIN JOEL B.
Published: March 2008

Pain resulting from oral and maxillofacial cancer is a major problem that requires the attention of all members of the health care team. This attention is important because of the large number of people affected and because the treatment of cancer pain is too frequently inadequate. An understanding of acute and chronic pain, the underlying malignant disease, the complications of cancer treatment, and currently available treatments for pain must form the basis of pain management. A review of the problem of oral and maxillofacial pain in the patient with cancer is presented.
Effect of an experimental dentifrice on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation
Authors: WINER RICHARD A. , EPSTEIN SIDNEY , CHAUNCEY HOWARD H.
Published: March 2008

A clinical investigation was done to determine the comparative efficacy of an experimental dentifrice, containing sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, zinc chloride, and sodium fluoride, with a control dentifrice on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Fifty individuals participated in the study; 25 persons were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups, respectively. The study was done using a double‐blind protocol. Paired data t‐test analysis was done to determine if statistically significant reductions in plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation had occurred after the 30‐day test period, and if significant differences existed between the control and experimental groups.

Both groups showed a statistically significant reduction in their gingivitis and plaque scores. Comparison of the two groups indicated a 52% greater reduction in gingival inflammation by the group using the experimental toothpaste. The ability of the two dentifrice formulations to remove plaque, however, was similar.
Dental rehabilitation of the patient with severe caries after radiation therapy
Authors: FATTORE LADEANE , ROSENSTEIN HARRY E. , FINE LOUIS
Published: March 2008

Dental management of the patient with severe caries after radiation therapy can be accomplished by the general practitioner in an office setting. Because of the decrease in vascularity that results from radiotherapy, the general practitioner must keep the following points in mind when treating these patients:

—Extraction of teeth that were in the firld of radiotherapy is contraindicated. If there is a question about a possible extraction, consultation should be made with the patient's radiotherapist and a hospital‐trained dentist (preferably, an oral surgeon).

—Endodontic treatment is done, the following precautions are necessary: all teeth that are an immediate source of infection must be treated first; prophylactic antibiotics should be administered for the duration of treatment 7: all endodontic procedures must be administered in an aseptic field of treatment—if a tooth is badly deteriorated as a result of severe caries, a copper band should be used with a rubber dam and no tooth should ever be left “open for drainage” in these patients; temporary fillings should be of sufficient strength to prevent contamination between appointments7; tooth‐length determination should be done with precision—instrumentation beyond the apex should be avoided7: caustic irrigating solutions such as sodium hypochlorite should be avoided7—sterile water or sterile saline solution is preferable.

—For fabrication of prostheses, the general practitioner should be aware that: metallic‐oxide impression materials such as zineoxide and cugenol should be avoided because of their irritating properties: trismus is common when the masticatory muscles are bilaterally in the field of radiotherapy—therefore, to prevent encroachment on the freeway space for these patients, the vertical dimension of occlusion should be decreased accordingly: monoplane teeth are preferable to cusped teeth for patients with trismus because their border movements are often irregular—monoplane teeth cause less interferences and are easier for the patient to manage; a remount of the overdentures to check the occlusion as well as a careful examination of flange extensions are necessary to prevent tissue ulcerations that could lead to tissue and bony necroses.

—Cast restorations should be avoided for patients with severe caries after radiation therapy (for example, a cast core and dowel).

Prevention of postradiotherapy treatment complications is the primary goal in the management of the patient who has had head and neck cancer. If, however, the patient who has received radiation therapy and as a result has severe caries does come to the general practitioner, a logical and organized treatment plan can be followed that will result in control of the carious disease process and the functional rehabilitation of the patient.
GRECC and the teaching nursing home: affiliated geriatric education for dental students
Authors: SHEN KAY , FRIEDLANDER ARTHUR H.
Published: March 2008

The authors thanks Dr. Thomas T. Yoshikawa. clinical director. Geriatric Research Educational Clinical Center; and medical director. Nursing Home Care Unit. VAMC. West Los Angeles; and professor, medicine. UCLA School of Medicine. for his guidance and support in the formation of the geriatric externship program and many of the concepts in this article.
The hospital administrator's expectations of the manager of a department of dentistry
Authors: CAMERANO FRANKLIN
Published: March 2008

This era of DRG/prospective payment systems has imposed responsibilities on hospital dental department managers that are beyond the traditional managerial functions. This paper presents ten of these additional duties for middle level managers. To survive, a hospital needs to see these responsibilities as goals and use them to formulate a plan of action.
Modification of an ultrasonic scaler for portable use
Authors: LEJEUNE RONALD C.
Published: March 2008

To reduce treatment time and muscle fatigue associated with scaling nonambulatory patients at their bedside, a garden sprayer can be adapted to deliver a constant supply of water under pressure to an ultrasonic unit. There have been no significant problems with this arrangement during the 3‐year period of use.

Information about the manufactures of the products mentioned in this article may be available from the author. Neither the author nor the American Dental Association has any commercial interests in the products mentioned.
The prevalence of occlusal attrition and considerations for treatment in a noninstitutionalized older population
Authors: HAND JED S. , BECK JAMES D. , TURNER KENNETH A.
Published: March 2008

A representative sample of 520 dentate older adults living in rural Iowa were examined in their homes for the presence of occlusal or incisal attrition. Enamel attrition was found in 84.2% of the population, dentinal attrition in 72.9%, and severe attrition in 4.2%. Approximately 25% of this population's teeth were affected with substantial attrition. Attrition was more prevalent in the anterior segments. The prevalence of substantial attrition was associated with the number of remaining teeth, gender, gingival bleeding, and the use of smokeless tobacco. The decision to treat occlusal attrition in these older people should be based on the etiology and progression of the condition and other factors specific to the individual. The treatment of choice is determined by the extent and severity of the condition and the amount of occlusal vertical dimension lost.
Hospital protocol for inpatients and outpatients
Authors: OLSEN RICHARD A. , OLSEN DONNA B.
Published: March 2008

Basic hospital admitting procedures and surgical protocols have been provided to assist hospital trained dentists in treating patients in the operating room. It is understood that many qualified practitioners do not routinely use this treatment modality and a guideline to ensure proper patient routing would be helpful.
Theoretical aspects and clinical experience with the palatal training appliance for saliva control in persons with cerebral palsy
Authors: OLIVER R. G.
Published: March 2008

The possible causes, effects, and treatment strategies for salivation problems in subjects with cerebral palsy are discussed. The results of clinical use of one method for drool control (the palatal training appliance) in subjects with cerebral palsy are presented. The appliance has been shown effective in approximately one third of the cases. Prognostication of the effect of the appliance does not seem possible.
The hospital‐sponsored ambulatory dental services program, part II: an evaluation of dental services
Authors: SCHOEN MAX H. , MARCUS MARVIN , KOCH ALMA L.
Published: March 2008

This paper examines the appropriateness and continuity of dental care rendered by the 25 hospital facilities participating in the Hospital‐Sponsored Ambulatory Dental Services Program, a $10 million effort established by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation from 1979 to 1983.

Record review data on 5,200 patients in 13 of the hospitals show that a substantially greater number of patients entered as episodic users of the system in the final phase of the evaluation than in the baseline visit; fewer of these episodic patients made the transition to initial care in the final phase. A followup study on baseline patients indicates that only 28% of the sample had a visit after the year of first contact.

The trend toward episodic care is reflected in a reduced amount of preventive and operative services from baseline to final assessments. Compared with a study of private practices in California, the emphasis on surgery in the hospitals is dramatic: a dental patient accessing a hospital clinic will lose approximately one tooth as compared with a half tooth in private practice. Private practices also perform more crown and fixed partial denture services and more services across‐the‐board than the hospital clinics.

Telephone interviews show that overall patient satisfaction with the hospital dental services remained high during the study (87% to 89%). Fewer patients in the final sample, however, planned to return to the hospital for all or part of their care. These findings reveal that continuity of care is a problem for hospital dental clinics. The preponderance of episodic care raises questions as to the breadth of experience offered by these hospitals to general practice residents.
Oral complications in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia: a report of case
Authors: BEIRAGHI SORAYA , SANDERS BRIAN
Published: March 2008

Herpes viruses and Candida albicans are among the most common opportunistic pathogens infecting patients with neoplastic disease, especially those patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.

Herpes virus infections have increased as treatment of oncological disease has become more aggressive and immunosuppression disorders have become more prevalent. Herpes simplex virus on the lips and mouth of a patient receiving chemotherapy can progress to multiple lesions in the mouth, larynx, and in rare instances can lead to pneumonitis and widely disseminated infection. The management and dental findings of a 13‐year‐old patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia are described.
Oral manifestations of Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: SALMAN RICHARD A.
Published: March 2008

A report of case of a patient with Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome is presented. The macroglossia associated with the syndrome necessitated long‐term dental follow‐up to prevent and treat problems with occlusion, speech, and esthetic appearance that might develop. Early intervention might be required if feeding or respiratory difficulties, resulting from the macroglossia, arise. The diagnosis of the syndrome should alert the dentist to the increased incidence of intra‐abdominal malignancies and the need for periodic observation.
Development of a hospital‐based dental phobia clinic
Authors: RUBIN J. GORDON , KAPLAN ANDREW S.
Published: March 2008

The formation of a hospital‐based dental phobia clinic requires little initial outlay in terms of capital. It can provide badly needed care by accessing a group of patients that have not been able to receive dental care. A dental phobia clinic cam provide an additional facet of training to house staff and attending staff, using existing facilities. The hospital environment provides an appropriate setting for this specialized kind of care.
Dental considerations for the patient receiving dialysis for renal failure
Authors: LEVY HAROLD M.
Published: March 2008

A review of the literature describing the dental management of patients receiving hemodialysis because of renal failure is presented. A description of the renal failure process is given. Pretreatment and day of treatment precautions are considered. A pertinent dental case report of a dialysis patient is also presented.
Guidelines for the use of local anesthetics in the dental treatment of patients who are susceptible to malignant hyperthermia
Authors: D'AMBROSIO JOSEPH , ADRAGNA MICHAEL C.
Published: March 2008

There is controversy regarding the safe use of local anesthetics in patients who are susceptible to malignant hyperthermia undergoing dental treatment. This article reviews the literature for reports of malignant hyperthermia reactions under local and general anesthesia, and suggests a protocol for the management of these patients in the dental office.
The broken dental needle—a hazard
Authors: BURGESS JOHN O.
Published: March 2008

A case of a disposable needle broken during an inferior alveolar injection and its successful removal is reported. Methods of locating the needle and preventing this occurrence are discussed.
An analysis of dental services based in the emergency room
Authors: SONIS STEPHEN T. , VALACHOVIC RICHARD W.
Published: March 2008

This study evaluated the utilization, cost‐effectiveness, and marketing of emergency dental services in a 700‐bed university‐affiliated hospital. Sequential analysis of 445 emergency room dental visits was performed during a 3‐month period. Services were most used on weekend days by patients who had chief symptoms lasting varying lengths of time (43% had them 21 days). The majority of patients sought care for relief of pain. A diagnosis of infection was made in 82% of the patients. An analysis of costs, revenues, marketing, and service design is included.
The relationship of oral Candida tropicalis infection to systemic candidiasis in a patient with leukemia
Authors: REDDING SPENCER W. , RINALDI MICHAEL C. , HICKS JEFFERY L.
Published: March 2008

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is an extremely common complication in patients receiving chemotherapy for leukemia. Candida tropicalis appears to be the major infectious agent when these patients develop candidemia. In this article, a case of C tropicalis fungemia with oropharyngeal manifestations is presented. The relationship of oropharyngeal candidiasis to oral candidal infection is discussed.
Age differences in responses to facial trauma
Authors: HAYMOND CREED , NICHOLSON CORNELIUS , KIYAK H. ASUMAN , TRIMBLE DOUGLAS
Published: March 2008

This study examines age differences in causes, characteristics, and outcomes of facial trauma seen in a major trauma hospital. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 615 cases of facial trauma that had occurred during a 5‐year period. The greatest proportion of patients were aged 20 to 29; those older than age 60 represented just 6.8% of the total cases. Gender differences were not observed in the oldest age groups. The oldest patients (older than 70 years) were more likely to have had pedestrian accidents and less likely to have been assaulted than other age groups. Older patients had more multiple injuries but fewer treatment procedures than other age groups. Significant differences were found in death rates; the older patients were more likely to die as a result of their injuries. Implications for patient management based on age and treatment needs are discussed.
Dental treatment needs among hospitalized adult mental patients
Authors: BARNES GEORGE P. , ALLEN EDWARD H. , PARKER WARREN A. , LYON THAYER C. , ARMENTROUT WILLIAM , COLE JAMES S.
Published: March 2008

This survey determines the dental care needs of hospitalized adults with psychiatric and mental disorders. Comprehensive clinical and radiographic oral examinations, conducted on 33% of the patients in a large state mental hospital, found that extensive unmet needs existed in this population. The major requirements were for prophylaxes, calculus removal, and periodontal therapy. The patients' needs varied depending on several demographic factors, including length of hospitalization and psychiatric diagnoses.
Dental service use by older people living in long‐term care facilities
Authors: ETTINGER RONALD L. , BECK JAMES D. , MILLER JULIE A. , JAKOBSEN JANE
Published: March 2008

Since 1980, a mobile program has delivered dental care to 14 different long‐term care facilities that care for frail and functionally dependent older persons. These facilities lie within a 60‐mile radius of the University of Iowa College of Dentistry.

This paper reports comparisons between characteristics of users versus nonusers of dental care in the program. Of the 853 residents in the long‐term care facility who were screened, it was determined that 66% would benefit from some type of dental care. When the residents and their families were approached for treatment permission, 48% of those recommended permitted treatment; treatment was completed on 38% of those persons recommended for treatment. No differences were observed in the distribution or diagnoses of major medical problems for the users versus nonusers of care. Recommended treatment was similar for users and nonusers in nursing homes. The majority of non‐users refused treatment because they or their families did not perceive a need for dental care.
Agoraphobia: review and considerations in dental treatment
Authors: Herod Edward L.
Published: March 2008

The nature of agoraphobia as well as problems that may be encountered during dental treatment of the patient with agoraphobia is discussed to aid dentists' recognition and understanding of the syndrome.
Wheelchair transfer techniques for the dental office
Authors: Felder Robert S. , Gillette Virginia M. , Leseberg Karen
Published: March 2008

Dental offices must be made more accessible to individuals who are physically challenged. Transfer techniques for safely moving patients between wheelchairs and dental chairs, sliding transfers, one‐ and two‐person transfers, and methods of accommodating patients in a dental operatory who cannot be transferred from wheelchairs are presented.