bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesenterialis actinomycosis
Authors: Biró Adrienn , Ternyik László , Heckel Katalin , Bálint István , Káposztás Zsolt
Published: March 2021

Összefoglaló. Egy 46 éves nőbeteg esetét ismertetjük, akinél láz és
görcsös hasi fájdalom miatt kezdődött kivizsgálás. A hasi ultrahangvizsgálat
során a colon transversum területén megvastagodott falú konglomerátum volt
látható. A kolonoszkópia során organikus eltérés nem igazolódott. A hasi
komputertomográfiás vizsgálat retroperitonealis térfoglalást írt le, ezért
onkológiai bizottság javaslata alapján műtét mellett döntöttünk. Egy hónappal a
panaszok jelentkezése után megtörtént a műtét, melynek során úgy tűnt, hogy egy
megközelítőleg 5 × 8 centiméteres, a vékonybélből kiinduló, a colon ascendenst
és a sigmabelet is érintő, daganatnak imponáló terimét találtunk. Jobb oldali
hemicolectomiát végeztünk, és reszekáltuk a sigmabélfal részletét. A szövettani
vizsgálat malignitást nem igazolt, hanem a bélfallal összefüggést nem mutató,
mesenterialis actinomycosist írt le. A hasi, mesenterialis actinomycosis ritka
kórkép, mégis fontos, hogy gondoljunk rá mint differenciáldiagnosztikai
lehetőségre, így a beteg a lehető leghamarabb megkaphatja a megfelelő kezelést.
Esettanulmányunk bemutatásával a kórkép ismeretének fontosságára szeretnénk
felhívni a figyelmet. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 116–119.

Summary. We present the case of a 46-year-old female, who presented
with fever and abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a thickened-walled
conglomerate near the transvers colon. Colonoscopy did not show any organic
abnormality. Abdominal computed tomography described a retroperitoneal mass, so
we decided on surgery based on the multidisciplinary team decision. One month
after the onset of symptoms, laparotomy was performed, and it seemed that we
found an approximately 5 × 8 centimetre tumour attached to the small intestine
involving the ascending and sigmoid colon. We performed right hemicolectomy and
sigmoid colon wall resection. Histology result showed mesenteric actinomycosis
with no connection to the intestinal wall, no malignancy was revealed. Although
the abdominal, mesenteric actinomycosis is a rare disease, it is important to
think of it as a differential diagnostic option, so the patient can get proper
treatment and cured sooner. Our aim with presenting this case report is to
highlight the significance of this disease. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3):
116–119.
Cronkhite–Canada-szindróma
Authors: Nagy Anita , Tóth Levente , Theisz János , Bajkó Nándor , Zolnai Zsófia , Varga Mária , Igaz Iván
Published: March 2021

Összefoglaló. A Cronkhite–Canada-szindróma egy extrém ritka, nem
öröklődő, gyomor-bél rendszeri polyposissal, fehérjevesztő enteropathiával és
ectodermalis elváltozásokkal járó megbetegedés. A világon eddig összesen
körülbelül 500 esetet jegyeztek fel. Az etiológia pontosan nem tisztázott,
hátterében elsősorban autoimmun folyamatot feltételeznek. A diagnózis a páciens
kórtörténetén, a fizikális vizsgálaton, az endoszkópos képen és a szövettani
leleten alapul. A jelen közleményben egy 71 éves férfi beteg esetét mutatjuk be.
A klinikai kép és az elvégzett vizsgálatok alapján a tünetek hátterében
Cronkhite–Canada-szindrómát igazoltunk, majd a szakirodalomban leggyakrabban
alkalmazott kombinált protonpumpagátló, kortikoszteroid és meszalazin adását
vezettük be, illetve táplálásterápiát alkalmaztunk. Tudomásunk szerint
Cronkhite–Canada-szindrómás beteg esete Magyarországon elsőként kerül
ismertetésre. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(11): 432–438.

Summary. Cronkhite–Canada syndrome is an extremely rare,
noninherited disease, characterized by gastrointestinal polyposis,
protein-losing enteropathy and ectodermal abnormalities. Approximately 500 cases
have been reported worldwide. The aetiology is unknown, most probably autoimmune
mechanisms may be involved. The diagnosis is based on patient history, physical
examination, endoscopic findings and histology. Here we report the case of a
71-year-old male, diagnosed with Cronkhite–Canada syndrome. The treatment
consisted of proton-pump inhibitor, corticosteroids, mesalazin and nutritional
therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of
Cronkhite–Canada syndrome in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(11): 432–438.
New records of Lophostoma brasiliense Peters, 1867 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Garbino Guilherme , Filgueiras Viviane , Lima André L.A. , Abra Fernanda D. , Prist Paula R. , Colas-Rosas Paul F.
Published: March 2021

We report on new occurrence records of Lophostoma brasiliense Peters, 1867 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) from the states of São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, southeastern Brazil. Specimens from São Paulo were mist-netted in an area originally covered by the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado ecosystems of which only small and isolated fragments remain, while the specimens from Mato Grosso do Sul came from a well-preserved Cerrado area. The new records confirm the presence of L. brasiliense in the Brazilian state of São Paulo and clarify the southern edge of the species’ range.
Antropologia Thomasa Keatinga
Authors: Milik Mariola
Published: March 2021

Dzisiejszy człowiek, zanurzony w materialistycznym świecie, oddalił się od Boga i świata duchowego. Thomas Keating starał się przywrócić tę sferę, propagując formę modlitwy ciszy Centering Prayer. W swoich dziełach opisuje, jak ta modlitwa wpływa na całościowy rozwój człowieka. Autorka niniejszego opracowania próbuje odtworzyć wizję człowieka, jaką Keating zawarł w swoich pracach w nadziei, że przyczyni się to do powstania lepszego modelu antropologii.
The Popes and the Idea of European Unity
Authors: Hrabovec Emília
Published: March 2021

While Pius XII was almost existentially bound up with European thought and with the defence against anti-Christian ideologies, his two successors initiated a tentative of opening of the “Western European citadel” towards a dialogue with the outer world. John Paul II relaunched a new evangelisation instead of compromises with secularism and Marxism, but maintained a fundamental European optimism, whereas Benedict XVI did not hesitate to admit that the European culture, transformed into a laicist utopia which substitutes God by the obstinate self-will of man, could disappear, too.
Simulakra Bahasa Agama Da’i Milenial di Media “TikTok”
Authors: Sa'ad Mukhlisin , Baharun Hasan , Istifa Fera Ailinia
Published: March 2021

The growing social media provides new communication patterns in current Islamic preaching (da’wah). This research focuses on religious language usage in the social media “Tiktok” application utilised by millennial da’i (proselytiser) in particular for da’wah purposes. This study applied a qualitative descriptive and phenomenological approach. The results showed that a simulation of religious languages used by da’i in Tiktok application has created multiple interpretations, wherein media users were invited to think critically in digesting chapter by chapter of the provided discussions, and some even lead to apostasy. Therefore, this article argued that religious language practiced in social media should meet the religious propagation ethics.
Las jícaras en el camino sagrado de los jóvenes iniciados Huicholes
Authors:   Investigador Independiente, Mrożek Jerzy Antoni
Published: March 2021

Among the Huichol Indians, an initiatory tradition has been preserved that consists of a series of fi ve cycles of pilgrimages to the sacred desert. During their lives, each member of the commu – nity travels at least once to the desert, but young people who aspire to important positions within their group, dedicate ten to fi fteen years to this task, during which they carry out countless reli – gious activities. Within the dual indigenous conception of life, one of these activities consists of seeking and achieving an internal balance between the opposites. Through a symbolic element, a natural container for water, a jícara, the young apprentices are weaving a network of sacred paths towards achieving an organic equanimity between the two primordial forces that make up the universe: the masculine and the feminine. The article presents and accompanies the young jicareros in the fi ve main stopping places carried out during a pilgrimage cycle. From a cave, an underground jícara in the interior of the earth, to the sea, a huge jícara in constant contact with the sky, pilgrims deposit prayers and off erings in the vicinity of the bodies of water. In this way, through sensual contact with the vital liquid, water collecting in the jícaras, purifi cation baths, and symbolic exchanges, acts of gratitude are carried out and permits are obtained to open access portals to major divinities, and fi nally, to the main altar of Cerro Quemado in the Wirikuta desert.
200 Years of Trafalgar: From Jubilation to Commemoration
Authors:   Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia, Zemtsov Vladimir N. ,   Ural State Pedagogical University, Yekaterinburg, Russi,   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Published: March 2021

The author of this article attempts to trace the evolution of the British memory concerning the Battle of Trafalgar, which predetermined the long-term dominance of Britain on the seas. Almost immediately after receiving the first news of Trafalgar and the death of H. Nelson, large-scale ceremonies began which were associated with a grand victory on the national scale. By the beginning of the twentieth century, the era of the “living memory” of Trafalgar was over. At the same time, radical changes in the balance of geopolitical forces made the British think again and again about Trafalgar. Even though the First and Second World Wars pushed the images of glorious victories at sea in the distant era of the Napoleonic wars into the background in the minds of the British, during the 150th anniversary of Trafalgar, the British military and state elite tried to revive the glorious images of the distant past, using “historical resources” to maintain the national spirit. The dynamics in the awareness of the British elite and the public of the importance of the anniversary was remarkable as it evolved from semi-indifference to events of the widest scope. Fifty years later, London made another attempt to use the anniversary of Trafalgar to raise patriotic sentiments among the British youth, as well as strengthen the military-strategic partnership with its allies. At the same time, analysts noted the progressive loss of the fundamental moments for the national identity of the British. The author concludes that the perception of the image of Trafalgar by the British has passed a difficult path over 200 years, which demonstrated a variant of the development of “living memory”, which, despite all attempts to preserve the energy and direction of the original impulse, is being inevitably replaced by what is now commonly called commemoration.
Jihad in the Circassian Sultanate (1382–1517): The Phenomenon of Volunteering in the Context of the Mamluk-Ottoman Confrontation
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, St Petersburg, Russia, Zelenev Evgeny I. , Iliushina Milana Yu. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, St Petersburg, Russia
Published: March 2021

This article examines the development of the theory and practice of jihad under the Circassian Sultanate in Egypt and Syria (1382–1517). The article aims to trace the development of the key aspects of the concept of jihad and reveal the peculiarities of its perception in the Mamluk state. The article highlights an essential characteristic of the theory of jihad in the Mamluk period, i.e. the interpretation of jihad as farḍ al-‘ayn (the personal duty of every Muslim). A fertile ground for this paper was given by studies of M. Bonner and D. Cook, who supplemented a balanced approach to the interpretation of jihad from a historical perspective with a critical consideration of its religious and political meanings. The authors emphasise the importance of the difference between the understanding of jihad as a collective and individual obligation using the concept of minimalism and maximalism developed by Y. Waghid. The paper is based on works by Ibn al-Nahhas (d. 1411), an outstanding thinker of the Mamluk era. The interpretation of jihad as a personal responsibility of every Muslim substantiated by Ibn al-Nahhas was the basis of the volunteer movement that unfolded in Egypt and Syria in the fifteenth century. The doctrine of jihad concentrated around the most important Islamic values embodied in the concepts of “justice” (al-‘adl) and “truth” (al-ḥaqq) and was initially used by the Mamluks and subsequently by the Ottomans as a powerful ideological tool for manipulating the Muslims’ consciousness. This paper is relevant because the conclusions of the study are valid not only for the Middle Ages but are directly related to the present. The authors of the article emphasise this by drawing parallels with modern events in countries such as Afghanistan, Syria, Libya, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia.
Attitudes of Russian Officers in the Conditions of the Polish-Soviet War of 1920 Based on Savinkov’s Memoirs
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Głuszkowski Piotr
Published: March 2021

The Polish-Soviet War of 1920 is a key period to understanding the history of Poland as well as Polish-Russian relationships. Despite the amount of research on the topic, there are still many gaps to be filled. One of them is the attitudes and behaviour of Russian officers in war conditions. The main source for this article is Viktor Savinkov’s memoirs written in 1927 and kept in the State Archive of the Russian Federation. Viktor Viktorovich Savinkov (1886–1954) was a Russian publicist, writer, and artist; younger brother of Boris Savinkov, a famous writer and revolutionist. During the Russian Civil War, he was a soldier of the Don Army. In early 1920, he was captured by the Bolsheviks and offered to join the Red Army. The article characterises the way Savinkov was concealing his socio-political views, expressing his attitudes towards new authorities, and how he managed to desert during the Polish-Soviet war. The conditions of the offensive of the Red Army on Warsaw are also described in the memoirs, including the sentiments and behaviour of the soldiers. Savinkov’s memoirs make it possible to study the behaviour of other officers and soldiers of the former Russian army, who had been forced to serve in the Red Army.
Social Mobility of Collective Farmers in the 1930s
Authors:   Institute of History SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Il’inykh Vladimir A.
Published: March 2021

The author carries out a retrospective analysis of social mobility elevators and channels functioning within the collective farm system in the USSR in the 1930s. The subject of research is the collective farm peasantry and its border social groups (machine operators, administrative staff of collective farms, and machine and tractor station workers). It is concluded that multidirectional channels and lifts of intergroup and intragroup social mobility operated in Soviet rural areas in the 1930s. The most widespread channel of social mobility was collectivisation. Intensive social processes took place inside collective farms, which resembled social elevators that had an internal corporate character. A professional career in collective farms could be used as a mechanism of mobility: external elevators, institutionalised state practices, “positive” behavioural practices, and “positive” socio-political record. Channels of social and professional mobility functioned within the collective farm system. The most socially significant of them was the transition of workers engaged in horse and manual labour to machine operators. The collective farm system was integrated into the system of social elevators and channels operating in the USSR, but transition to them from collective farms was limited. Administrative, educational, professional, gender, and age barriers were in place for the social mobility of collective farmers. Chance to go beyond collective farms was given to young people receiving education and conscription. Being sentenced to prison meant the collective farmer’s descent to the bottom of the Soviet social ladder. The mechanisms of social descent could be: “negative” behavioural practices, illegal actions, and “negative” socio-political record.
The Degree of Labour Intensity of Collective Farmers during the Great Patriotic War: With Reference to Molotov (Perm) Region
Authors:   Perm State Agro-Technological University named after Academician D. N. Pryanishnikov, Perm, Russia, Shuvalova Yuliya B.
Published: March 2021

This article highlights the issue of increasing labour intensity among collective farmers during the Great Patriotic War. The dynamic of labour costs of the rural population was analysed using the case of the Molotov (Perm) Region, a typical rear territory of the time. The source base of the research is constituted by archival materials, including recently declassified statistical reports, protocols of district executive committees, and administrative documentation of district and regional levels. The author considers the wartime situation using the modernisation approach, seeing it as a crisis associated with the breaking, reorganisation, and complication of agricultural production activities. The materials are analysed using the comparative historical method. Documentary sources confirm the thesis of high labour intensity in agricultural production during the wartime period. In the year 1944, collective farmers in Molotov (Perm) Region had, on average, 335 labour (working) days, which was 20 % higher than the country average at the time. Following the increase in labour intensity caused by the war, the traditional rhythm of agricultural work in the region was largely transformed so that the workload of farmers became high throughout the year. The combination of tough labour conditions and ingrained intrinsic motivation contributed to the reorganisation and greater efficiency of agricultural activities. However, heavy physical exertion, low levels of mechanisation of work, and the lack of proper recuperation resulted in mass psychological burnouts among collective farmers by the end of the war. In fact, already in 1945, a decline in the level of labour productivity was recorded among the collective farms of Molotov (Perm) Region.
Soviet Rural Family in Foreign Historiography: Lines of Research and Interpretation Approaches
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Gorbachev Oleg V.
Published: March 2021

This review article analyses approaches to the study of the rural family of the Soviet period that have taken shape in foreign (mainly Western) historiography between the 1960s and the present. The rural family was in the focus of social and political transformations of the twentieth century, suffered a severe deformation as a result of world and civil wars, as well as the urbanisation process, which took on a forced character under the influence of state policy measures. The article is intended to help bring together the methodological and thematic positions of Russian and foreign researchers in considering the phenomenon of the rural family. The study of the Soviet rural family, usually in a wider thematic context, began in line with the “anthropological” turn at the turn of the 1970s. At the suggestion of T. Shanin, family households entered the focus of the emerging peasant studies. Methodological preferences, as well as the relatively small number of available primary statistics, determined the limited interest of Western authors in the historical and demographic study of the Soviet rural family. In the 1980s and 1990s, within the framework of the revisionist paradigm, the rural family was studied mainly as an object of influence from the authorities (radical projects of the 1920s, collectivisation, and measures to strengthen the family in the 1930s). “Feminist” historiography was especially active in this field. In the second half of the 1990s and early 2000s, time came for balanced characteristics, quite free from politicised assessments. There was an opportunity to consider the Soviet family and family policy in a global context. The post-war period in the development of the rural family is represented in foreign works rather poorly. In general, Western authors managed to capture the directions of evolution and the new quality of the rural family, which have become apparent in the later Soviet decades.
Economic Policy of the Late Soviet Period: The Problem of Setting Priorities
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Artemov Eugeny T.
Published: March 2021

This article examines the ways and means used to set priorities in the late Soviet economic policy. Referring to the analysis of documents and existing historiography, the author substantiates the conclusion about the fact that their choice was made outside of the routine national economic planning framework. They were structured as projects (megaprojects, programmes) of national significance. Their implementation had a tremendous effect on the country’s economic development. It would suffice to mention the creation of the nuclear weapons complex and the aerospace industry, the establishment of the Siberian branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the economic development of the West Siberian oil and gas province, the formation of the territorial production conglomerations in the Angara-Yenisei region, the construction of the Baikal-Amur highway, etc. Decisions on launching these programmes were made in the form of “resolutions of the Communist Party and Government”. However, it was necessary to conform to them in the process of both long-term and operational planning (adjustment). In this way, the national scale economic goals were set apparently without any prior discussion. Moreover, the tougher the administrative regulation methods, the closer were the results achieved to the initial intentions. A very good example of this was the nuclear project. At the same time, the liberalisation of the regulation mode and the transformation of the “command” economy into the economy of “coordinated approvals” resulted in the loss of administrative regulation efficiency. In the absence of market signals or sanctions, this inevitably led to a misalignment of the economic development plans and results. By the end of the Soviet period, the prevailing opinion was that the only way to improve the balance would be a move of the economy to a “market-based track”. However, there was no clarity on how to do this. Hence, a series of ill-conceived actions, resulting in a complete loss of centralised planning and management. Not being guided by any commands “from above” or the market, the economy was in a state of “free fall”.
Who Speaks through the Mouths of Babes? Children and Religious Violence in France. Review of: Crouzet, D. (2020). Les enfants bourreaux au temps des guerres de Religion. Paris: Albin Michel. 336 p. Izvestiya Uralskogo federalnogo universiteta. Seriya 2: Gumanitarnye nauki, 23(1), 293–306.
Authors:   Institute of World History RAS, Uvarov Pavel Yu. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

This essay contains reflections on a new book by renowned historian Denis Crouzet on children’s violence, and, more broadly, on the image of children during the French Wars of Religion. In the book under review, the novelty lies in the fact that the images of ‘innocent infants’ make part of a separate plot. Just as novel are Denis Crouzet’s reflections on the ‘sources of inspiration’ of the young French persecutors of heretics. The author indicates the anthropological correspondences inherent in the culture of both Italian and French cities, such as the carnivalesque inversion of the ‘world inside out’ and the social function of youth associations taking part in the ‘charivari’ rites. Denis Crouzet pays attention to sources that are novel to him, like children’s Christmas chants, mystery plays, and ‘miracles’. While impersonating the Innocents persecuted by Herod but also angels carrying retaliation to this villain, urban children learnt what and how to do in the face of a carnival challenge. The ways to leave the eschatological activism are of particular interest. After 1572, the gangs of executioners-children left the scene. Only the murder of the Guises on Christmas Day, 1588, threw crowds of children into the streets of Paris. Now they were described differently, however, — as a disciplined mass, occupied not with outrages but with prayers. The author speaks of ‘Catholic consciousness’, but that was already a different reformed Catholicism, departing further and further from the old ‘corporate Catholicism’. The religious political activity of children would become a thing of the past, however. The image of an innocent child would once more be in demand only after the Revolution, when, this time in a desacralised context, children became the embodiment of the French nation.
Russian Literature in the Works of Three Generations of Hungarian Scholars. Review of: Kroó, K., & Bóna, E. (Eds.). (2018). Golosa russkoi filologii iz Budapeshta: literaturovedenie i iazykoznanie na kafedre russkogo iazyka i literatury Universiteta im. Loranda Etvesha [Voices of Russian Philology from Budapest: Literary Studies and Linguistics at the Department of Russian Literature and Language of Eötvös Lorбnd University]. Budapest: ELTE. 274 p. Izvestiya Uralskogo federalnogo universiteta. Seriya 2: Gumanitarnye nauki, 23(1), 307–315.
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Spiridonov Dmitry V.
Published: March 2021

This paper looks at the collection of articles entitled Voices of Russian Philology from Budapest, published in 2018 under the editorship of Prof. Katalin Kroу. The collection gives a recapitulation of several generations of Russian studies produced by scholars affiliated with Eцtvцs Loránd University. The book contains works on both Russian literature and language; however, the review focuses solely on the papers dealing with various aspects of the history of Russian literature covering a large period from Pushkin to Ulitskaya. The reviewer points out a significant thematic diversity of the reviewed papers: some authors elaborate on rather conventional topics (such as Vladimir Solovyov’s historical philosophy, autobiographic elements in Herzen’s prose, poetics of detail in Chekhov’s works, etc.), while others develop relatively new issues. Some articles are of interest from the methodological point of view. The quality of articles collected in this volume proves that despite the fact that the Russian language no longer retains its status in contemporary Hungary, Russian studies still keep a high profile.
Individual and social determinants of oral health in South Africa in the context of COVID-19
Authors: Magan Ansuyah
Published: March 2021

The global pandemic due to infection with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV -2) causes the disease COVID-19 which is a mild, self-limiting disease in the majority of infected individuals.1 However, in many individuals, particularly the elderly, or those with comorbidities such as diabetes, pulmonary disease or cardiovascular conditions, infection with SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in more severe symptoms, and has proved fatal.2 Given that COVID-19 is a novel disease and that there is no vaccine or specific pharmacologic treatment for it, it is likely that its impact on an individual's general health will be protracted and is yet to unfold. Oral health is inextricably linked to general health and its neglect may have negative consequences on human and economic capital. The aim of this commentary is, therefore, to highlight the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 on oral health in South Africa (SA).
Maxillofacial Radiology 184
Authors: Nortjé Christoffel J
Published: March 2021

Clinical pictures and images of a very rare lesion presenting in the jaws at birth of a female. The patient spend some time in an incubator (Fig. 1). Tracheostomy was a lifesaving procedure in this patient. Repeated operations have removed the gross mass hamartomatous tissue but Figure 2 still shows noticeable recurrence of the lesion. Figure 3A and B are study models at two and a half years of age. The jawbones have grown in size. There is a pronounced shift in the midline of both jaws and their dentitions towards the right and away from the lesion. What are the important radiological findings?
Consent and confidentiality in children
Authors: Sykes Leanne M , Crafford Elmine
Published: March 2021

Confidentiality is central to the establishment and preservation of trust between a doctor and their patient, yet is one of the lesser-discussed principles of medical bio-ethics. A "duty of confidence arises when one person discloses information to another in circumstances where it is reasonable to expect that information to be held in confidence".1

Its moral basis is in that it should improve patient welfare, and as such, it is encompassed during all aspects of the treatment process, beginning with the initial consultation where patient autonomy and informed consent are first addressed.
Dentistry and COVID-19 - Is there a moral duty of care?
Authors: Motloba Pagollang D , Miniggio Hilde , Makwakwa Nokukhanya L
Published: March 2021

The world is witnessing the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with countless serious and fatal cases of corona virus disease (COVID-19). The impact of this pandemic has been most devastating among the health professionals due to the nature of their work. The risk of COVID-19 is particularly greater among oral health professionals due to their proximity to the oral cavity and production of aerosols. This scenario then raises the question, is there a moral duty for dental professionals to care for patients when doing so exposes them to significant risks of COVID-19.
Learning from the Experiences of Collegiate Athletes Living through a Season- or Career-Ending Injury
Authors: Moore Matt A , Vann Sasa , Blake Allison
Published: March 2021

An athlete’s identity is often related to the goals of their team and their ability to achieve excellence in sport. A threat to an athlete’s identity is a season- or career-ending injury. Athletes can respond to season- or career-ending injuries in ways detrimental to their psychosocial well-being (Ivarsson, Tranaeus, Johnson, & Stenling 2017). This study built upon existing knowledge by seeking to better understand the lived experiences of Division I collegiate athletes who experienced a season- or career-ending injury. There is a need for ongoing recommendations for helping athletes process their injuries. Researchers used a descriptive phenomenological approach. Researchers interviewed ten college athletes who experienced a season- or career-ending injury. Themes included: (1) physical and emotional stress, (2) resistance to resiliency, (3) importance of relationships with others, and (4) appreciation and cultivation for new possibilities outside of sport. This research provided insight for behavioral health professionals on injury response. This included the need for Posttraumatic Growth responses such as (1) building strong support pre- and post-injury, (2) recognizing healthy coping mechanisms, (3) cultivating new identities for athletes, (4) helping an athlete with identity loss, (5) helping athletes recognize new possibilities post-injury, and (6) helping an athlete maintain an appreciation for life.
Indiana Public High School Parents’ Perceptions of Interscholastic Competitive Balance
Authors: Stoffer Gibson , Johnson James , Walker Khirey , Dalgety Mike
Published: March 2021

As part of the educational mission of interscholastic athletics, ensuring competitive balance is a priority of state athletic associations nationwide. Specifically, teams playing within a postseason championship tournament should have a fair and equitable chance to win. Private high schools, in particular, have been the focus of competitive balance scrutiny from public high school stakeholders due to disproportionately high success in many states. Despite much anecdotal scrutiny from public stakeholders, it is not clear how much they know about interscholastic policy or private school characteristics. Therefore, this study set to explore Indiana public high school parents’ perceptions of interscholastic competitive balance through qualitative interview data. Using thematic analysis, five themes emerged from the data influential to competitive balance (location, policy, sport culture, financial resources, and education). Each of these themes was influenced by an omnipresent private school impact, which reinforced a need for additional education of policy and private school characteristics.
Определение подлинности масла какао по данным ВЭЖХ о триглицеридном составе
Authors: Rudakov Oleg B. , Rudakova Lyudmila V. , Saranov Igor A. , Buksha Maksim S. , Rudakov Yaroslav O.
Published: March 2021

Масло какао (МК) является дорогим сырьевым компонентом шоколада, формирующим отличительные органолептические свойства шоколадной кондитерской продукции. Существует также широкая линейка эквивалентов масла какао, заменителей и улучшителей, которые по теплофизическим свойствам – температурам плавления, кристаллизации и другим технологическим свойствам подобны МК, однако в 2-5 раз его дешевле. В связи с этим фальсификация МК в шоколадной продукции путем его полной или частичной замены – частое явление. Подлинность масла какао контролируют методом обращенно-фазовой ВЭЖХ по содержанию триглицеридов (ТГ) в жировой фазе. Целью работы явился анализ данных ВЭЖХ по составу ТГ в натуральном МК различного происхождения и условий репродукции какао-бобов. Установлены генотипические и фенотипические тренды в этом составе. Показано, что выявленные значимые парные корреляции у=ах+b между содержанием ТГ могут быть использованы в проверке подлинности МК. При этом необходимо контролировать содержание и соотношения не только основных ТГ с позиционной специфичностью – ТГ из пальмитиновой, олеиновой и стеариновой кислот (POP, POS и SOS), в которых олеиновая кислота находится в sn-2 позиции, но и ТГ, доля которых составляет 1-5%. Так, при росте содержания в масле какао POP симбатно растет POS, асимбатно изменяется содержание OOA, асимбатно доле POS падает содержание OOO, SOL, SOO, PPP, при этом растет содержание SOA. При росте доли SOS падает доля POO, PSL. Наиболее тесная биохимическая симбатная корреляция в составе МК наблюдалась для соотношения SOS/SOA, коэффициент детерминации R2=0.95. Установленные природные корреляционные взаимосвязи могут быть использованы не только в проверке подлинности масла какао, но и в дальнейших биологических, биохимических и диетологических исследованиях
Адсорбция диметилполисилоксана на графите, антраците, активированном угле из растворов в гексане
Authors: Tikhomirova Ksenya V. , Lopanov Alexander N.
Published: March 2021

Выполнен анализ особенностей адсорбции высокомолекулярных веществ на пористых угле-родных адсорбентах, заключающихся в низкой скорости диффузии макромолекул, зависимостью ве-личин адсорбции от пористости адсорбента и наличия таких конформаций в адсорбционном слое, которые энергетически не выгодны. Проведена реконструкция конформаций макромолекулы поли-карбоксилата по отдельным фрагментам. Получены качественные закономерности распределения макромолекулы поликарбоксилата по поверхности в зависимости от концентрации 1.1-валентного электролита при различных значениях pH-pK0. При отрицательных или близких к нулю величинах рН-pK0 степень ионизация слабая и близка к нулю. При достаточно больших значениях рН-pK0 во всех случаях диссоциация возрастает и вследствие сил электростатического отталкивания между от-дельными участками макромолекула разворачивается, становится более линейной и в таком виде ад-сорбируется на поверхности. Величина адсорбции в первую очередь зависит не столько от природы поверхности, сколько от конформации макромолекулы в растворе и среднеквадратичного радиуса степени гидратации. Исследована адсорбция диметилполисилоксана (ПМС-20) из растворов вещества в гексане на графите С-3, активированном угле «Б», ископаемом угле марки «А» Донецкого бассейна (пласт стеклянный). Установлены закономерности адсорбции, заключающиеся в том, что по типу изотермы адсорбции не соответствуют изотермам адсорбции Ленгмюра. Заполнение адсорбционного слоя на графите происходит более медленно, а на антраците и активированном угле боле интенсивно, чем при Ленгмюровской адсорбции. Высказано предположение, что при адсорбции диметилполиси-локсана на графите происходит взаимное отталкивание глобул макромолекул, а на антраците и акти-вированном угле высокий адсорбционный потенциал способствует более интенсивному заполнению адсорбционного слоя. Установлена максимальная адсорбционная способность исследованных адсор-бентов по отношению к диметилполисилоксану, равная для графита, антрацита, активированного уг-ля соответственно 2; 100, 480 мг/г. Расчетные значения максимальной адсорбционной способности адсорбентов равны соответственно 6; 130; 768 мг/г. Часть пористого пространства антрацита, активи-рованного угля не доступна для адсорбции макромолекул диметилполисилоксана вследствие стери-ческих затруднений
Ionization of ionic liquids under laser desorption/ionization
Authors: Sholokhova Anastasiya Yu. , Borovikova Svetlana A. , Prikhod'ko Sergey A. , Buryak Alexey K.
Published: March 2021

Despite various studies of ILs as MALDI matrices, however, so far no relationship has been foundbetween the composition of ILs and their ability to serve as «good» matrices. For a preliminary experiment,in order to evaluate the characteristics of ILs before being used as a matrix in MALDI-MS, it is necessary tostudy the mass spectral behavior for the matrices themselves under LDI conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to analyse ion liquids based on the cation imidazolium in combination with different types ofanions by the LDI method. Ionic liquids were synthesized in the Laboratory of catalytic processes for thesynthesis of organoelement compounds of G.K. Boreskov Institute of catalysis SB RAS (Novosibirsk). Itshould be noted that this ionic liquid was first synthesized in this Laboratory. Analyses were performed usinga Bruker UltraFlex II time of-flight mass spectrometer. Eleven ion liquids based on substituted cation imidazolium in combination with different types of anions were analysed by method laser desorption/ionization in the paper. In all mass spectra of ionic liquids obtained in the positive ion mode, cation produced a major peak and its fragmented ions. Homologous series characterized by the loss of the methyl group have been recorded. According to the more stable carbon-carbon or nitrogen bond in the heterocyclic system than in the carbon-carbon bond in the aliphatic, ion peaks are observed in the mass spectra, characteristic of the loss of methyl fragments from the aliphatic chain. In the LDI spectra obtained in the negative ion mode, the signals of the anions of ionic liquids and their fragments were observed. The combined use of the spectra obtained in positive and negative mode makes it possible to increase the reliability of identification. This makes it possible to use the revealed patterns of fragmentation for the structural analysis of ionic liquids. The analyzed ILs can be used as MALDI matrices, because they do not form dimers, assassinates, are characterized by the absence of adducts with metal ions, which is important for their further use as matrices. BMIMC6F5BF3 was first described by the LDI-MS method. It was shown that the observed fragmentation of the molecular ion of this IL is typical for most ILs with similar cations.
Обнаружение и количественное определение адсорбированного хлора на поверхностях конструкционных материалов
Authors: Kuznetsova Elena S. , Pytskii Ivan S. , Buryak Alexey K.
Published: March 2021

В работе приведены результаты исследования возможностей количественного анализа с ис-пользованием метода МАЛДИ масс-спектрометрии. Рассмотрена важная практическая задача обна-ружения и определения хлора на поверхностях алюминиевых конструкционных материалов после атмосферной коррозии. Обнаружено, что по хлорид иону обнаружение хлора возможно только до 10-12 моль/мм2, что мало соответствует практическим требованиям. Показано, что аналитические харак-теристики при определении хлора могут быть значительно улучшены при проведении дериватизации поверхности нитратом серебра. Образующиеся кластерные ионы снижают предел чувствительности до 10-18 моль/мм2 и расширяют динамический диапазон до трёх порядков по концентрации. Также показано, что используемый в работе метод может быть распространён и на обнаружение других га-логенов на различных поверхностях, может применяться в различных областях науки и промышлен-ности. Например, для поиска хлора на поверхности различных конструкционных материалов, опреде-ления локальных концентраций хлора в конкретной точке, построения диаграмм распределения хлора по поверхностям различных конструкционных материалов, изучения кинетики сорбции хлора при экспериментах по атмосферной коррозии, а также для поиска нарушений морфологии поверхности по распределению адсорбированного хлора на поверхности.
Сорбционные свойства модифицированных клиноптилолитовыми породами желатиновых пленок
Authors: Dabizha Olga N. , Bityutskaya Marina S.
Published: March 2021

Статья посвящена проблеме получения модифицированных желатиновых пленок с регулиру-емой набухаемостью и растворением. В качестве модификатора использовали механоактивированные высококремнеземные (силикатный модуль больше 4) клиноптилолитовые породы, высокодисперсную фракцию с размером частиц не более 71 мкм. Наличие в клиноптилолите поверхностных силаноль-ных групп способных к взаимодействию с карбоксильными или аминогруппами макромолекул жела-тина посредством межмолекулярных водородных связей непосредственно либо через прослойку мо-лекулы воды позволяет рассматривать возможность дополнительного усиления структуры. Цель ра-боты заключалась в синтезе полимер-минеральных материалов на основе желатина и механоактиви-рованных клиноптилолитовых пород, а также изучении степени набухания и растворения полимер-минеральных пленок в водных средах.Наполненные полимерные системы получали смешиванием желатинового раствора с водной суспензией высокодисперсной фракции цеолитов. Взаимодействие желатина с механоактивирован-ным клиноптилолитовым наполнителем будет улучшать межфазную адгезию и ограничивать по-движность полимерных цепей, что эквивалентно образованию дополнительных узлов структурной сетки. Методами оптической микроскопии и гравиметрии изучены морфология модифицированных желатиновых пленок и сорбция паров воды и паров насыщенных растворов хлорида натрия и хлорида калия.Установлено наличие коагуляционных структур при содержании минерального дисперсного наполнителя 0.5 мас. % и сферическая форма его частиц, относительно равномерных распределенных в объемах 2.5 и 5 г/дл желатиновых матриц. Выявлено, что пленки лучше всего поглощают пары во-ды, чем пары насыщенных растворов электролитов. Установлено, что добавление 0.5 мас. % механо-активированных клиноптилолитовых пород в раствор желатина концентрации 5 г/дл позволяет полу-чать пленки с пониженной степенью набухания не менее чем в 8 раз в парах воды и не менее чем в 2-3 раза в парах хлорида натрия или хлорида калия. С учетом безопасности и отличных сорбционных свойств клиноптилолитовых пород, полученные в настоящей работе результаты можно рекомендо-вать к применению в медицине и ветеринарии.
Использование природных монтмориллонитовых глин в процессе коагуляционной очистки сточных вод прачечных
Authors: Otirba Gudisa G. , Fidchenko Mikhail M. , Klushin Vitaly N. , Kamenchuk Irina N. , Кurilkin Alexander A.
Published: March 2021

Для очистки сточных вод от поверхностно-активных веществ (ПАВ) используют различные методы, например, электрoфлотокоагуляцию и тот же метод, дополненный нанофильтрацией. Авто-рами работы было предложено использовать сочетание адсорбции и коагуляции с добавками неболь-ших доз флокулянтов для обеспечения хорошего эффекта очистки от ПАВ и взвешенных веществ и снижения затрат.Для опытов использовали природную монтмориллонитовую глину Асканского месторождения (Грузия). Модельный раствор стоков прачечных содержал 1 г/дм3 как анионных, так и неионогенных ПАВ. В качестве имитатора мутности в модельный раствор вносили белый каолин (0.2 г/дм3). Органи-ческие примеси моделировали дополнительным введением сахара (100 мг/дм3). Показано, что для до-стижения высокой степени очистки исследуемых стоков с помощью глины требуется длительный пе-риод контакта фаз и высокие дозы адсорбента. В следующей серии опытов в модельный раствор до-бавляли коагулянт – раствор FeCl2, флокулянт и глину в количестве 2 г/дм3. Добавка глины играла не только роль эффективного адсорбента, но и утяжелителя осадка коагулянта.Эффективность коагуляционной очистки в сочетании с использованием глины оценивали по остаточной концентрации общего и органического углерода (ООУ) очищенного раствора, ХПК очи-щенного модельного раствора, сухого и прокаленного остатка, содержание взвешенных веществ и оста-точной концентрации общего железа, а также величине рН исходного и очищенного растворов.При сравнении применения сухой бентонитовой глины и её 10%-ной суспензии в воде установлено, что при добавлении сухой глины укрупнение осадка и осветление жидкой фазы происходит с большей скоростью, а также очистка от органических примесей достигает 56 отн. %, а взвешенных веществ – 90 отн. %.На основании проведенных исследований можно сделать вывод об успешности проведения коагуляции с добавками Асканской бентонитовой глины для предварительной очистки стоков прачечных с возможностью утилизации образующегося осадка без промежуточной сушки в технологии углеродминеральных адсорбентов-катализаторов
Адсорбция диклофенака на MIL-96 и MIL-100 из нейтральных водных растворов: моделирование процесса адсорбции
Authors: Shvydko Alina V. , Timofeeva Maria N. , Simonov Pavel A.
Published: March 2021

В последнее годы значительно возросло потребление диклофенака – нестероидного противовоспалительного средства с сильным обезболивающим и жаропонижающим действиями. Однако он является антропогенным загрязнителем из-за своей высокой стойкости к воздействию биологических систем очистки. В последнее время в области очистки сточных вод от различных органических загрязнителей, в том числе диклофенака, активно развиваются адсорбционные методы, поскольку они позволяют снизить остаточные концентрации вещества в растворе до уровня чувствительности физических методов

В работе изучена адсорбция диклофенака из нейтральных водных растворов с использованием в качестве адсорбентов металлорганических координационных полимеров, MIL-96 и MIL-100, образованных ионами алюминия (III) и 1,3,5-бензолтрикарбоновой кислотой. Адсорбция была изучена при 20оС из растворов с рН=6.0-6.2, начальной концентрацией ДКФ 40-800 мг/дм3 и концентрацией адсорбента 1 мг/4 см3. Показана высокая адсорбционная ёмкость 473-541 мг/г изученных МОКП, позволяющая снизить остаточную концентрацию диклофенака натрия в растворе до уровня чувствительности УФ-спектроскопии. Максимальная величина адсорбции диклофенака на MIL-96 и MIL-100 равна 475 и 480 мг/г, соответственно.

Все адсорбционные изотермы были L-типа. Экспериментальные изотермы адсорбции были проанализированы с помощью моделей Ленгмюра, Фрейндлиха и Темкина для описания распределения молекул диклофенака между адсорбентом и жидкостью. Были определены константы и параметры адсорбционных моделей. Полученные данные указывали на то, что адсорбция диклофенака протекает по механизму физической сорбции. Согласно модели Фрейндлиха поверхность MIL-96 имеет энергетически неэквивалентные адсорбционные центры по сравнению с MIL-100. Высокая микропористость MIL-96 по сравнению с MIL-100 способствовала протеканию на поверхности MIL-96 полислойной адсорбции диклофенака. Путем сопоставления среднеквадратичных отклонений (R2), сделан вывод о том, что модель Фрейндлиха лучше других описывает адсорбцию диклофенака на MIL-96, а модель Ленгмюра – адсорбцию диклофенака на MIL-100. Этот вывод так же согласовывался с различием их структурных и текстурных свойств.