bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Salmonella Species in Children in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Amber Wajeeha , Fatima Itrat , Khalid Qurat-ul-ain , Hameed Hira , Khan Imran Mahmood , Zulfqar Rubina
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the recent antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella species in children in a tertiary care hospital.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of Akbar Niazi Teaching Hospital, Bhara Kahu, from 18th March 2020 to 31st January 2021. A total of one hundred and seventy-eight (n=178) patients of either gender having age between 1 month to 12 years who had signs and symptoms of enteric fever and positive blood culture report of Salmonella species were enrolled in this study through non-probability, consecutive sampling. The demographic characteristics of patients along with the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the Salmonella species were recorded on the predesigned proforma and analyzed through SPSS version 25.

Results: Out of the total of 178 patients, reports of blood cultures of 164(92.1%) patients showed Salmonella Typhi while those of 14(7.9%) patients showed Salmonella Paratyphi. Out of the total of 178 Salmonella cases, 11(6.2%) were extensively drug-resistant and 58(32.6%) were multidrug-resistant. All XDR cases were of Salmonella Typhi. Out of 14 Salmonella Paratyphi, 2(14%) were MDR but no XDR Salmonella Paratyphi was found.  Nalidixic acid had the highest resistance (96.4%) followed by sulphamethoxazole (65.5%). Azithromycin had the least resistance (0%) followed by imipenem (1.8%), piperacillin-tazobatam (1.9%), and meropenem (2%). Resistance of ceftriaxone was 20.8% and that of ciprofloxacin was 28.2%.

Conclusion: No resistance of Salmonella species against azithromycin was found in our study. The presence of XDR typhoid fever cases and the rising resistance of Salmonella species to ceftriaxone and carbapenems are very alarming. To prevent this resistance, we should reserve carbapenems for complicated cases of resistant typhoid fever only. Minocycline and pipercillin-tazobactam are two other good cost-effective drugs in resistance to typhoid fever.
Home Chaos and Self-Regulation: Moderating Role of Gender between Home Chaos and Effortful Control
Authors: Shakeel Aqsa , Khan Safina , Sabah Syeda Shamama-tus-
Published: February 2022

Objective: To explore the relationship between home chaos and Self-regulation (effortful control) among young children including other dimensions of temperament (Surgency and Negative affect).

Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted from January 2015 to September 2016 in Rawalpindi.

Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive correlational study. The sample consisted of 100 children (3-7 years) and their mothers. The sample was selected from different private and government schools. For children who were less than 4 years, the mothers were contacted at their homes directly. A purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. To assess temperament and home chaos Children’s Behavior Questionnaire Very Short Form (CBQ) and Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale (CHAOS)-Urdu Version were used respectively. To collect demographic information for sample selection according to sampling criteria the forms were sent to parents through children.

Results: The results showed significant negative association between home chaos and children’s effortful control (ꞅ = -.21*, p<.05), non-significant positive association between home chaos, negative affect(ꞅ = .06, p>.05)  and surgency (ꞅ = -.16, p>.05).. Home chaos was also found to be a significant predictor of effort among children. In addition, it was found that gender moderated the relation between home chaos and effortful control. Boys get affected more than girls and show poor effortful control in chaotic homes [t (96) = 2.39, p<.05].

Conclusion: Home chaos is a significant predictor of effortful control, one dimension of temperament among young children. Boys showed fewer self-regulation skills in chaotic homes as compared to their counterparts.
Morphometric study of vertebral artery groove in dry human cervical vertebra in Pakistani population
Authors: Hina Mohtasham , Tasleem Maria , Rasheed Ammara , Tafweez Raafea
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Vertebral artery passes through vertebral artery groove present on the posterior arch of atlas; free movement of which is required during rotation of the neck. This artery can be compressed if the vertebral groove is converted into arcuate foramina due to the projection of bony ponticuli over the grove. This compression can cause vertebra-basilar insufficiency, headache, or neck-shoulder pain of unknown origin. Objective: This study aims to provide data regarding vertebral artery groove and its morphology to help surgeons and clinicians in the local Pakistani population as no data is available in this population. Materials and Methods: A total of sixty adult dry human atlas vertebrae were taken from the Anatomy museum of King Edward medical university. Quantitative and qualitative data were taken for analysis. Quantitative data include the distance of medial and lateral edges of vertebral artery groove from the midline of the posterior arch, the distance of the medial edge of foramen transversarium from the midline, the thickness of vertebral artery groove and its dimensions at medial and lateral entrance points. Qualitative data includes the type of bridging over the vertebral artery groove. Data were analyzed and the mean was taken.Results: Mean distance of the medial edge of vertebral artery groove from midline was found to be 13.32 ± 3.25 and 13.72 ± 2.82 mm on right and left sides respectively while the mean distance of the lateral edge of vertebral artery groove from midline was 22.31 ± 3.47 on the right side and 22.29 ± 2.98 on the left side. The mean of total thickness found was 3.84 ± 0.66 mm on right and 3.57 ± 1.14 mm on left. Morphology showed that 3.33% of the Pakistani population has complete arcuate foramina, 40% partial bridging, and 56.67% absent bridging. Conclusion: Findings of this study can be helpful for neurosurgeons during procedures requiring exposure of the posterior arch of the atlas so that damage to a vertebral artery can be prevented.
Kinesiophobia and its association with balance and mobility in knee osteoarthritis patients in Rawalpindi & Islamabad
Authors: Shaukat Saman , Mazhar Maheen , Javed Maria , Naeem Maryam , Naeem Aamer , Kayani Shoaib
Published: February 2022

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of fear avoidance belief or kinesiophobia with balance and mobility in knee osteoarthritis patients.

Materials and methods:

This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in Fauji Foundation Hospital, Benazir Bhutto Hospital and Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi/Islamabad from January 2019 to June 2019. A total of 64 knee osteoarthritis patients (both male and female) between the ages of 40- 60 years were included in this study. They were selected using the Kallgren Lawrence Classification system (Grade I, II and III) and American College of Rheumatology criteria. Fear avoidance belief questionnaire was used to identify fear avoidance belief/kinesiophobia, Step-up test and Functional Reach test were used to measure balance and timed up and go test was used to measure mobility. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied to find out the normal distribution.  The relationship between fear avoidance belief and balance and mobility was examined using Spearman’s test of correlation.

Results:

Results showed a weak negative correlation between fear avoidance belief and functional reach test (r= -0.259, P= 0.039), and a weak positive correlation between fear avoidance belief and timed up and go test (r= 0.26, P= 0.841).

Conclusion:

Balance and mobility are negatively affected by fear avoidance beliefs in knee osteoarthritic patients. Thus, fear avoidance belief is an important psychological construct to be considered in the assessment and treatment of knee osteoarthritic patients to prevent balance impairments and fall risk.
Frequency of Capillary leak syndrome in Dengue fever Patients
Authors: Qureshi Safina Hameed , Qureshi Sania Hameed , Shah Syed Fahd , Shah Farid Ullah , Shah Syed Zubair , Shah Syed Hussain
Published: February 2022

Abstract

Background: Dengue fever is the world’s fastest spreading mosquito borne viral infection. It is prevalent throughout both subtropical and tropical region if the world. The severe form of dengue fever with bleeding manifestations called as dengue hemorrhagic fever. Some of the Dengue fever patients developed capillary leak during critical period of illness. This study aims at determining the frequency of capillary leak syndrome in hospitalized dengue fever patients of tertiary care hospital.

Patients and Methods: The study was conducted over a period of one month from 1st October to 30th October 2019 at department of Medicine Federal Government Polyclinic Post Graduate Medical Institute, Islamabad. This cross sectional study comprising 200 consecutive hospitalized (≥14 years of both gender) dengue fever patients.

Results: Capillary leak syndrome found in 75 patients of Dengue fever. All of them were Primary Dengue Patients. Both ascites and effusion was present in 31 patients. Ascites only found in 25 patients, Pleural effusion bilateral in 7, Right sided pleural effusion in 11 and Left sided in 1 patient. None of the patient had pericardial effusion.

Conclusion: It is concluded that capillary leak syndrome is common in primary dengue fever patients and its early diagnosis helps us in better management during critical phase of illness with better outcome.

Key Words: Dengue Fever, Capillary Leak Syndrome, Dengue Shock
Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin, effective oral empirical treatment options against multidrug resistant Escherichia coli
Authors: Naseem Saima , Fatima Ambreen , Iqbal Sahar , Fasih Fatima , Naeem Syed Talha , Bukhari Uzma
Published: February 2022

ObjectiveThe present study is designed to monitor antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli to assist in forecasting empirical therapy of urinary tract infection.MethodologyIt is a retrospective cross sectional study. It was carried out at Dow Diagnostic Research and Reference Laboratory for a period of 3 months from February 2017 to April 2017. A data of total 5000 urine culture and sensitivity test reports was taken from the medical record. The data was analyzed by SPSS version 16.ResultsOut of 5000 urine samples processed, 1565 showed significant bacterial growth. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen isolated. Meropenem, Amikacin, Fosfomycin and Nitrofurantoin respectively were found to be the most sensitive antibiotics against Escherichia coli.Conclusion Fosfomycin and Nitrofurantoin are effective oral antibiotics against Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection. The present study may help clinicians in making rational choice of empirical treatment of the patients.
Clinical Profile and Spectrum of Complications of Malaria in Hospitalized Children at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Waris Rehmana , Aurengzeb Brekhna , Raza Syed Hashim , Waris Aimen , Riaz Ramish
Published: February 2022

Background: In children, clinical profile of malaria may vary from nearly asymptomatic disease to febrile illness leading to life threatening complications. The mortality among children is largely due to complications like cerebral malaria, severe anemia and pulmonary complications. The current study was conducted to study the clinical profile of malaria, its complications and factor associated with its complications.

Methodology: This observational study was conducted at Children Hospital, PIMS from March 2018 to March 2021. All patients with positive immunochromatographic test and needing hospitalization due to unsettled fever or other troublesome symptom were included. Total 53 patients were included in the study.  All patients underwent routine investigations which included ICTMP, complete blood picture, ultrasound abdomen, chest x rays, and routine urinary analysis. Severe malaria was characterized upon WHO guidelines.   Patients were treated with chloroquine while those resistant to chloroquine were given artemisinin-based therapy. Data was analyzed by applying appropriate statistical tests via SPSS v 20.

Results: Mean age of the patients was 5.80±3.5 years with male predominance (n=32, 60.4%). Majority of the patients had P.vivax (n=45, 84.9%) infection followed by P.falciparum (n=5, 9.4%), while 3 patients (5.7%) had positive immunochromatographic test for both P.vivax and P.falciparum. Severe malaria developed in 17 (32.1%) of the patients. Most common complication was severe anemia (n=10, 18.8%) followed by black water fever, ADEM disease, pneumonia and convulsions  Patients  with P.falciparum infection had higher risk (OR=8.00, P-value=0.07) of developing complication compared to P.vivax one.

Conclusion: Rate of severe malaria was found to be 32.1% in children of current study which is quite high. Therefore, every child with malaria should be properly investigated for complications and treated accordingly.
Construyendo el modelo para la gestión integrada del recurso hídrico en la caficultura colombiana
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café
Published: February 2022

La gestión integrada del recurso hídrico en la caficultura colombiana hace referencia a la conservación y uso racional del preciado líquido en la zona cafetera y comprende el manejo del agua superficial y subterránea, involucrando aspectos cuantitativos, cualitativos y ecológicos e incorporando prácticas sostenibles para el uso y aprovechamiento eficiente del agua y la prevención y el control de la contaminación hídrica, además del manejo de los riesgos asociados al agua mediante un manejo integrado de plagas y del suelo, con la minimización de la contaminación hídrica por efecto de agroquímicos y pesticidas, y la pérdida de fertilidad del suelo por acción de las lluvias.
EVALUATING LOG-TANGENT INTEGRALS VIA EULER SUMS
Authors: Sofo Anthony
Published: February 2022

An investigation into the representation of integrals involving the product of the logarithm and the arctan functions, reducing to log-tangent integrals, will be undertaken in this paper. We will show that in many cases these integrals take an explicit form involving the Riemann zeta function, the Dirichlet eta function, Dirichlet lambda function and many other special functions. Some examples illustrating the theorems will be detailed.
GENERALISED TWO-COMPONENT MODIFIED WEAKLY DISSIPATIVE DULLIN-GOTTWALD-HOLM SYSTEM: INVARIANCE ANALYSIS AND CONSERVATION LAWS
Authors: Kumar Sachin , Jyoti Divya
Published: February 2022

The Dullin-Gottwald-Holm equation models the unidirectional propagation of shallow regime water waves. In this work, the Lie symmetry analysis of the generalised two-component modified weakly dissipative Dullin-Gottwald-Holm system is performed. Using symmetry reduction, the exact solutions are obtained in the form of power series and trigonometric functions. Also using multiplier approach, the conservation laws are obtained. The 3D graphical representations are also shown for obtained solutions.
First record of ranavirus (Ranavirus sp.) in Siberia, Russia
Authors: Lisachov Artem P. , Lisachova Lada S. , Simonov Evgeniy
Published: February 2022

Ranaviruses are a group of double-strand DNA viruses that infect fish, amphibians and reptiles. These viruses are responsible for mass fish and amphibian mortality events worldwide, both in the wild and at fish and amphibian farms. The number of detected epizootics has grown significantly in recent years. In Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, including Russia, very few ranavirus monitoring studies have been conducted, in contrast with Western Europe and America. In the present work, we used a qPCR assay to survey for the first time the amphibian populations of West Siberia (Russia) for the presence of ranaviruses. In total, we studied 252 tissue samples from six amphibian species, collected across West Siberia from the south to the Arctic regions. We report a single infected sample: a common toad (Bufo bufo) captured near Tyumen city. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the detected virus strain belongs to the CMTV lineage. This is only the second observation of Ranavirus in Russia.
Desensitization for the prevention of drug hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: Kang Sung-Yoon , Seo Jeongmin , Kang Hye-Ryun
Published: February 2022

Drug desensitization is the temporary induction of tolerance to a sensitized drug by administering slow increments of the drug, starting from a very small amount to a full therapeutic dose. It can be used as a therapeutic strategy for patients with drug hypersensitivity when no comparable alternatives are available. Desensitization has been recommended for immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immediate hypersensitivity; however, its indications have recently been expanded to include non-IgE-mediated, non-immunological, or delayed T cell-mediated reactions. Currently, the mechanism of desensitization is not fully understood. However, the attenuation of various intracellular signals in target cells is an area of active research, such as high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) internalization, anti-drug IgG4 blocking antibody, altered signaling pathways in mast cells and basophils, and reduced Ca2+ influx. Agents commonly requiring desensitization include antineoplastic agents, antibiotics, antituberculous agents, and aspirin/nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Various desensitization protocols (rapid or slow, multi-bag or one-bag, with different target doses) have been proposed for each drug. An appropriate protocol should be selected with the appropriate concentration, dosage, dosing interval, and route of administration. In addition, the protocol should be adjusted with consideration of the severity of the initial reaction, the characteristics of the drug itself, as well as the frequency, pattern, and degree of breakthrough reactions.
La onomástica femenina de la dinastía meriní de Fez (siglos XIII-XV). Identificación y estudio
Authors: Boloix-Gallardo Bárbara
Published: February 2022

El estudio de la onomástica femenina de los Banū Marīn de Fez ha adolecido, por lo general, de un análisis profundo y monográfico, a pesar de la gran utilidad de dichos nombres para definir mejor distintos rasgos de la idiosincrasia de esta estirpe. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es cubrir precisamente dicha laguna científica, ofreciendo un análisis tanto filológico como socio-cultural del amplio catálogo de nombres femeninos presentes en el árbol genealógico meriní, desde el rigor científico. Como se intentará demostrar, tales denominaciones constituyen valiosos recursos para reconstruir la diversidad identitaria (étnica, geográfica, prosopográfica, cultural, etc.) no solo de este conjunto de mujeres, sino también de los soberanos con los que se relacionaron en distintas calidades familiares. Igualmente, tales nomenclaturas permiten identificar con una mayor precisión las estrategias de legitimación político-religiosa que esta estirpe diseñó tanto en el plano socio-cultural árabe como en el religioso islámico.
Pests of leafy vegetables in Sri Lanka, their damaged symptoms, host range and biology
Authors: Sujeewa Kumari L. G. , Bandara K. M. C. P. , Bandara K. A. N. P , Nishantha K. M. D. W. P.
Published: February 2022

Detail investigations on pests of leafy vegetables of Sri Lanka were carried out using three representative districts to generate background information required for development of sustainable management technologies. The methods included field sampling, laboratory culturing, and biological studies. Host range and biology of already recorded major pests, flea sap sucking bug, Halticus minitus (Heteroptera: Miridae) and flea beetle Chaetocnema spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) under local conditions were described in detail. A new flea weevil pest damaging to Alternanthera sessilislinn linn. was identified as Tachyerges spp. (Coleoptera: Curculinoidae) and its morphology, biology and damage were described. In addition, a new flea beetle, Chaetocnema confinis was identified as a major pest of Ipomoea aqutica. Two leaf folder pests, Psara basalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and beet webworm, Spoladeare recurvalis (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) in A. sessilis and Amaranthus spp. respectively and a Bracon larval parasitoid of S. recurvalis were identified. Thrips, nematode, mites and plant bug were the other general pests damage to leafy vegetables including Centella asiatica.
Congenital tuberculosis presenting with erythema nodosum: a case report
Authors: Joshi NS , Sinha R , Lois A , Save S
Published: February 2022

Erythema nodosum is an entity with a relatively low incidence of 1 to 5 per 100,000 live births. The condition is relatively uncommon in prepubertal children and exceptionally rare before 2 years of age. In the paediatric age group, both sexes are equally affected. Although uncommon in children, it remains the most frequent form of panniculitis in paediatrics for which the diagnosis is almost always clinical. The most common cause in children is streptococcal pharyngitis.The association of erythema nodosum with tuberculosis is well known in endemic areas and must always be excluded.  All children with erythema nodosum should be stratified by risk for tuberculosis exposure. Congenital tuberculosis is an unusual and severe clinical presentation of tuberculosis infection. It is rare, even where tuberculosis is endemic. Timely administration of standard antitubercular treatment results in a good outcome.
We report a two-month-old male infant who presented with fever, lethargy, dyspnea, and refusal to feed and whose mother was diagnosed as probable multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Our patient emphasizes the importance of maternal history, typical skin lesions, and histopathological study in order to approach a definitive diagnosis and institute timely administration of antitubercular drugs.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccines – a review of adverse effects and safety profiles
Authors: Premaratne VW , Farook R , Dharmaratne SD
Published: February 2022

Since the emergence of SARS CoV-2 in 2019, the global population has had to implement major lifestyle changes in order to circumvent death and severe morbidity caused in the wake of the virus, as well as endure the consequences on the economy and social wellbeing. However, restrictions posed by the pandemic have not deterred scientists from engineering a solution to this in the form of vaccines against SARS CoV-2. Although their efficacy has been proven, recent reports have claimed that these vaccines may not be as safe as they are promoted to be, and that they may cause adverse effects that outweigh their benefits. This article offers an objective perspective of the unfavourable side effects of five widely used vaccine candidates for SARS CoV-2, BNT162b2, mRNA 1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Sputnik V and BBIBP CorV, to highlight that the panic associated with vaccination is unjustified in light of recent developments.
Preparedness level of frontline healthcare professionals in Tshwane regarding the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bongongo Tombo , Govender Indiran , Nzaumvila Doudou K. , Maphasha Olga M.
Published: February 2022

Background: Facing the highly transmissible viral infection referred to as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that threatens human life, South African frontline healthcare professionals have faced a major challenge. Being one of the African countries with a higher prevalence of COVID-19 cases, this study aimed to assess the preparedness levels of emergency doctors, nurses and clinical associates in the Tshwane district of South Africa regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey using a developed and piloted online questionnaire. It was conducted in the casualty departments (emergency medical units) of seven hospitals in the Tshwane district of South Africa. Only emergency doctors, nurses and clinical associates took part.Results: Of the 87 respondents, the mean age was 33.9 years and the minimum and maximum ages were 22 and 62 years, respectively; 37 (42.5%) were aged 26–30 years, 54 (62.1%) were females, 46 (52.9%) were single persons, 35 (40.2%) were medical officers, 42 (48.3%) were healthcare professionals with 0–5 years of experience and 21 (24.1%) were from a provincial tertiary hospital. Of the healthcare professionals, 63 (72.4%) were assessed as being prepared regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion: The current online survey demonstrated a good preparedness level regarding the COVID-19 pandemic management amongst frontline healthcare professionals working in seven hospitals of the Tshwane district. An educational training programme on disaster management or the COVID-19 pandemic should be implemented to ensure that all frontline healthcare professionals are adequately prepared for current and future outbreaks.
Determination of Psychosocial Factors of Drinking Chlorinated Water to Design Behavior Change Interventions in Rohingya Camps in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahaman Kh. Shafiur , Ramos Silvia , Harter Miriam , Mosler Hans-Joachim
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the psychosocial factors of chlorinated water uptake and to design effective behavior change techniques applying the risk, attitude, norm, ability, and self-regulation (RANAS) behavior change model. This cross-sectional study was conducted in two Rohingya refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. In total, 596 respondents were recruited through systematic random sampling. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the psychosocial factors according to the RANAS model. We used correlation analysis and multivariable linear regression models to predict the psychosocial factors of the consumption of chlorinated water. The respondents in this study had a medium to high habit of drinking chlorinated water. For the overall sample, participants’ habits were predicted by income, perceived vulnerability, like of chlorinated water, feelings of being healthy, action planning skills, and coping planning skills. In Camp 14, income, vulnerability, and coping planning were strongly influential in predicting habit; in Camp 16, liking chlorinated water and action planning were the most influential factors. Behavior change techniques against each factor with proper communication channels have been proposed for the overall sample and specific to each camp. The psychosocial factors identified and the behavior change strategies proposed in this study may help to promote chlorinated water consumption among the camp population. This study also recommends follow-up research that considers more contextual factors, uses larger sample sizes, and examines the effectiveness of the intervention.
Nasopharyngeal Viral and Bacterial Co-Detection among Children from Low- and Middle-Income Countries with and without Pneumonia
Authors: Dananché Cédric , Paranhos-Baccalà Gláucia , Messaoudi Mélina , Sylla Mariam , Awasthi Shally , Bavdekar Ashish , Pape Jean-William , Rouzier Vanessa , Wang Jianwei , Sanghavi Sonali , Diallo Souleymane , Chou Monidarin , Eap Tekchheng , Rakoto-Andrianarivelo Mala , Endtz Hubert , Ren Lili , Dash-Yandag Budragchaagiin , Guillen Rosa , Nymadawa Pagbajabyn , Russomando Graciela , Komurian-Pradel Florence , Vanhems Philippe , Picot Valentina Sánchez , _ _
Published: February 2022

The role of microbial coinfection in the pathogenesis of pneumonia in children is not well known. The aim of this work was to describe the prevalence of microorganism co-detection in nasopharyngeal samples (NPS) of pneumonia cases and control subjects and to study the potential association between nasopharyngeal microorganism co-detection and pneumonia. A case-control study was carried out from 2010 to 2014 in nine study sites located in low- or middle-income countries. The data from 888 children under 5 years of age with pneumonia (cases) and 870 children under 5 without pneumonia (controls) were analyzed. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) enabled the detection of five bacteria and 19 viruses. Multiple, mixed-effects logistic regression modeling was undertaken to evaluate the association between microorganism co-detection and pneumonia. A single Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization was observed in 15.2% of the controls and 10.1% of the cases (P = 0.001), whereas S. pneumoniae and a single virus co-detection was observed in 33.3% of the cases and in 14.6% of the controls (P < 0.001). Co-detections with rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza virus were more frequent in the cases compared with the controls (P < 0.001) and were significantly associated with pneumonia in multiple regression analysis. The proportion of single virus detection without bacterial co-detection was not different between cases and controls (13.6% versus 11.3%, P = 0.13). This study suggests that coinfection of S. pneumoniae and certain viruses may play a role in the pathophysiology of pneumonia in children.
Case Report: Gnathostomiasis Acquired in Costa Rica in a Returning Traveler to the United Kingdom
Authors: Bapat Anjaneya , Nickel Beatrice , Bray Timothy J. P. , Abbasi Maaz , Stone Neil R. H.
Published: February 2022

Gnathostomiasis, caused by infection with nematode parasites in the genus Gnathostoma, is endemic in tropical and temperate zones, and is classically associated with East and Southeast Asia and, more recently, Latin America and Africa. We report a case of gnathostomiasis acquired in Costa Rica, which has not previously been considered an endemic country. The patient had eosinophilia with migratory myalgia, and the diagnosis was made after serological testing. Full resolution of symptoms and eosinophilia followed treatment with ivermectin and albendazole. The diagnosis can be challenging to make because of variability in presentation, lack of access to diagnostics, and emerging knowledge of endemic areas. Increased awareness of this disease among clinicians is vital for faster diagnosis and better outcomes in afflicted patients.
Adsorption of cadmium ion from water using activated carbon produced from palm kernel shell
Authors: Ayedun H
Published: February 2022

Carbon produced from agricultural wastes could be a great adsorptive material in removal of metals from water. This study was conducted to remove Cadmium ion from water using activated carbon produced from palm kernel shell (PKS). Cd ion were adsorbed using various masses of PKS for a varied temperature, time and pH. The concentration of Cd adsorbed were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the adsorption of Cd can be optimize within 2hrs when allowed to equilibrate with gentle agitation (80 rpm) at pH 2. The results obtained were further subjected to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms. It was found that the value for qm were 2000, 2.203 and 0.906 respectively indicating that the most suitable isotherm for Cd adsorption is Langmuir. This study indicates another way of utilizing PKS which is a common waste in rural area.
Adsorption of cadmium ion from water using activated carbon produced from palm kernel shell
Authors: Akintunde O G , Thomas F C , Egunleti F P
Published: February 2022

This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant potentials, and proximate composition of extracts of Citrullus lanatus rind (CLR) in different solvents. Chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of CLR were prepared after which they were subjected to phytochemical, antioxidants, and proximate analysis using standard methods. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of Citrullus lanatus rind were rich in alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids, while the chloroform and ethanol extract were rich in flavonoids. It was observed that the ethyl acetate, chloroform and ethanol extracts of Citrullus lanatus rind had the highest concentration of total phenolic substances when compared with other extracts considered. The DPPH antioxidant scavenging activity was significantly higher in the ethyl acetate, hexane, and chloroform extracts. The aqueous extract Citrullus lanatus rind was richer in moisture content, but chloroform and hexane extracts were richer in calorie or carbohydrate a relatively high percentage of crude protein in the ethanol extract. With prescence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds in ethanol and aqueous extracts of CLR. They may be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular diseases. Also, with improvement in quality of Citrullus lanatus rind, it may be of high medicinal value to man and livestock.
O porco-monteiro do Pantanal
Authors: Pedrosa Felipe , Keuroghlian Alexine , Oliveira-Santos Luiz Gustavo Rodrigues , Desbiez Arnaud Léonard Jean
Published: February 2022

O porco-monteiro do Pantanal é uma espécie icônica. Introduzido nesta área pelos primeiros colonizadores da região, tornou-se asselvajado a partir do fim do século 19. Desde então, ampliou gradativamente suas distribuição e abundância, ocupando hoje praticamente todo o Pantanal. Ao longo desses mais de 120 anos de ocupação pantaneira, o porcomonteiro vem demonstrando diversos papéis e impactos ecológicos e socioambientais. Se, por um lado, eles funcionam como presas para a onça-pintada, são frugívoros e dispersores de sementes, aliviam a pressão de caça sobre espécies nativas e são uma importante fonte de proteína animal ao povo pantaneiro, por outro lado, competem com a fauna nativa por recursos alimentares, são reservatórios de doenças de importância econômica e humana, destroem plantações de subsistência e predam bezerros e cordeiros das fazendas.
Marsupiais da Bacia do Alto Paraguai: uma revisão do conhecimento do planalto à planície pantaneira
Authors: Antunes Pâmela Castro , Miranda Cleuton Lima , Hannibal Wellington , Aragona Mônica , Godoi Maurício N. , Rademaker Vitor , Mozerle Hugo Borghezan , Santos-Filho Manoel , Layme Viviane M. G. , Rossi Rogério Vieira , Brandão Marcus Vinicius , Semedo Thiago B. F.
Published: February 2022

A ordem Didelphimorphia é composta somente pela família Didelphidae, exclusiva do continente americano. Esta família é amplamente distribuída na região Neotropical, ocupando grande variedade de hábitats. A literatura registra 68 espécies de didelfídeos no Brasil, das quais 24 delas têm ocorrência confirmada para a Bacia do Alto Paraguai (BAP). As espécies presentes nessa região pertencem a três subfamílias – Glironiinae (1 gênero, 1 espécie), Caluromyinae (1, 2) e Didelphinae (11, 21) – e, dentre elas, inclui-se Monodelphis saci, espécie há pouco descrita, bem como outras três, recentemente validadas em nível de espécie, Gracilinanus peruanus, Philander canus e Marmosa rapposa, e duas espécies ameaçadas de extinção, Thylamys karimii e T. macrurus. A proposta deste artigo foi fazer um levantamento de todas as espécies de marsupiais registradas na BAP até o presente momento, trazendo, na medida da disponibilidade de dados, uma breve descrição morfológica de cada uma das 24 espécies, bem como a comparação com espécies congêneres ou assemelhadas, a revisão dos dados de ecologia e de história natural e informações específicas de suas populações e de seus graus de ameaça. Por fim, este estudo traz informações inéditas que podem ser utilizadas para a tomada de decisões em políticas públicas e para o norteamento de pesquisas básicas para esse grupo zoológico nessa região tão pouco conhecida e fortemente ameaçada.
Racial Differences On Post Exercise Heart Rate Recovery In Healthy Sedentary Adult Males-- A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Sana Soomro  , Kausar Abbas Saldera  , Ufaque Batool  , Raheela Manghi
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Post-exercise heart rate recovery (PEHRR) is the measure of parasympathetic function of heart which decreases the heart rate as the person stops exercising. The post exercise heart rate recovery is easily measurable index of heart parasympathetic activity. The post – exercise heart rate recovery is computed as peak heart rate minus the heart rate measured after 1 min of termination of exercise. The risk of cardiovascular disease in individual with African background is greater as compared to Caucasians and Asian population. The aim of this study was to analyze the difference in post exercise heart rate recovery in individuals from different ethnic backgrounds.
Methods: A thorough literature search was carried out on PubMed, Google Scholar and PakMediNet with articles published between 2007 till 2021. The articles with post – exercise heart rate recovery in male adults with different ethnic backgrounds were included. A total of 8 studies were included after meeting the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The studies that measured heart rate recovery after 1 minute of termination of exercise were included.
Results: Out of 174 subjects 51 individuals were Africans, 104 were Asians and 19 were Caucasians. The post exercise heart raterecovery was not found to be statistically significant between the individuals from different ethnic groups (p value-0.258). Conclusion: The post – exercise heart rate recovery is not influenced by the racial differences. Further research on larger scale assessing the impact of parasympathetic activity in terms of heart rate recovery in individual from different ethnic background is required as very limited data is available till date.
Breakfast affects the cognitive function of the health care providers?
Authors: Alam Faiza , Fatima Syeda Sadia
Published: February 2022

None
Microfinance and the Role of Accounting in Supporting Family-Resilience-Based Women’s Empowerment
Authors: Adhariani Desi
Published: February 2022

This action research aims to explore the issues of microfinance and women’s empowerment in urban Indonesia, and the role of accounting on the issues. Drawing on critical accounting theory, this study employs feminism and empowerment theory based on Foucault’s work to investigate the activities of female micro-entrepreneurs who are members of a Sharia cooperative. The study was conducted using an action research method for eight months with observation and interviews with 40 female micro-entrepreneurs. It is found that the lending scheme applied in the cooperative follows the principle of family resilience. In this context, the empowerment is not aimed at women only, but also at the family as the subject. The female entrepreneurs gain benefits from the microfinance initiatives and hence perceive themselves as being empowered. The cooperative loans transform them into neoliberal agents and the family resilience programs act as a shield to avoid the negative impact of their success on the gender relations in the family and as a reminder that their success also comes from the family’s support. This study also found that the simple accounting system introduced to the women is perceived to be useful in enhancing their financial skills to support small businesses. How microfinance initiatives empower women has been studied extensively in previous research; however, how accounting can play a significant role in the process has rarely been investigated in the extant literature.
Choosing to Thrive: An Autoethnographic Journey of Cancer, Companionship, and Carrots
Authors: Lilyea Bruce
Published: February 2022

In this autoethnography, I explore the companionship experience of someone supporting a cancer patient who is endeavoring to thrive in the face of this disease. A wide range of studies has been conducted on the emotional and social issues relating to cancer and specifically to breast cancer. Appropriately, most of the research relating to the personal narrative focuses on the stories of the person who has been diagnosed with cancer, and limited research has highlighted the perspective and experiences of their companions. My primary goals for this autoethnographic research are to: (1) Begin to answer the question: What role do we take when cancer becomes a reality and how do we provide helpful companionship? (2) Provide a template for personal narratives for companions, and (3) Share a path toward transformation for those that want to thrive. Autoethnography was selected as the qualitative inquiry method to gain meaning and understanding of the role of a companion to a person experiencing cancer. Most qualitative research methodologies are directed toward the study of others; however, in this case the primary focus of the research design is on self. This autoethnographic account of my experience as a companion to someone with cancer highlights the importance, both for you and the one you are supporting, of using your voice, owning your space, writing your story, and building a sense of community.
Analysis of Digital Marketing Processes to Improve Business Performance: Foods and Beverages MSMEs in Indonesia
Authors: Laurensia Santoso Elvita , Vivian Walda , Prasetyaningtyas Sekar Wulan
Published: February 2022

In this era, the way people do business has switched to digital marketing. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to find out the right digital marketing processes to improve business performance, with a focus on foods and beverages MSMEs in Semarang, Indonesia, motivated by the growth of digital marketing implemented by business owners. This research paper is based on a qualitative approach with a descriptive research method and used literature review, interviews, and observation to collect the data. This research examines the digital marketing processes of foods and beverages MSMEs in Semarang, which has rarely been focused on, and reveals that MSMEs that carried out more complete digital marketing processes have the potential to improve business performance
Hospitalitas Abimelekh dan Peringatan Allah: Analisis Naratif Kejadian 20:1-18 dan Relevansinya Terhadap Peringatan yang Disertai Kekerasan
Authors: Patandianan Cindy , Rumbi Frans Paillin , Sumiati
Published: February 2022

Abstract: This paper aims to examine the story of Abimelech and God by using narrative interpretation as a model approach to answer the question of how is the hospitality shown by Abimelech? Does a good host deserve a warning for the fault of the guest's carelessness? Does the host need to resort to violence against a stranger who harms him? From this article, we will explore what is the background of God's stern warning to Abimelech through dreams. The approach used is the approach approach. The results of the study show that God Abimelech strictly when he was not married Sarah was already married, namely (1) the possibility of Abimelech from the danger of committing sins. (2) the punishment, preventing "all the women in Abimelech's house from becoming pregnant", lasted only so long as Abimelech was in danger of sleeping with Sarah. it was to change the situation, not for Abimelech. (3) the punishment clearly shows that Abraham was in fellowship with Almighty God. this incident probably made Abimelech respect and fear the God of Abraham. Thus, it can be said that the memory of virtue values ​​when directing a person to turn away from deviant behavior.
Abstrak: Tulisan ini hendak mengkaji  kisah Abimelekh dan Tuhan dengan menggunakan tafsir naratif sebagai model pendekatan untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana hospitalitas yang ditunjukkan oleh Abimelekh? Apakah seorang tuan rumah yang baik patut mendapat peringatan karena kesalahan yang ditimbulkan oleh kecorobohan sang tamu?  Apakah sang tuan rumah perlu melakukan kekerasan terhadap orang asing yang mencelakakkannya?. Dari tulisan ini akan mendalami apa yang menjadi latar belakang dari peringatan keras Allah kepada Abimelekh melalui mimpi. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif.  Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tuhan memperingatkan Abimelekh dengan keras ketika dia tidak tahu Sarah sudah menikah, yaitu (1) menjauhkan Abimelekh dari bahaya berbuat dosa. (2) hukuman, mencegah "semua wanita di rumah Abimelekh untuk hamil," hanya berlangsung selama Abimelekh dalam bahaya tidur dengan Sarah. itu dimaksudkan untuk mengubah situasi, bukan untuk menyakiti Abimelekh. (3) hukuman dengan jelas menunjukkan bahwa Abraham bersekutu dengan Tuhan Yang Mahakuasa. kejadian ini mungkin membuat Abimelekh menghormati dan takut akan Tuhan Abraham. Dengan demikian, dapat dikatakan bahwa ingatan menampakkan  nilai kebajikan ketika ditujukan untuk mengarahkan seseorang berbalik dari perilaku menyimpang.
The Competence-Based Development of Village Government Personnel towards Superior and Independent Villages in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Public Administration Science, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Jenderal Soedirman University, Rosyadi Slamet
Published: February 2022

The shift in government paradigm has also affected the village government system in Indonesia. Previously, villages were the subordinate of the regency government. Nowadays, they have been autonomous governments. This, in a sense, is an advancement, yet it also poses challenges regarding how the autonomy shall be implemented, particularly the low competence that village government personnel have. Therefore, it needs to develop using a competency-based model. This research aims at identifying the competencies needed by village government personnel’s offices and preparing their competence standards. The method employed is survey and the data are collected using questionnaires, interviews, focussed group discussions, and documentation. The data are analyzed using descriptive statistics. The research is conducted in Banyumas Regency. The research results indicate that 3 (three) competencies are identified, namely managerial, sociocultural and technical competencies. The last one includes general and specific technical competencies. Each of these competencies is deemed as either “highly necessary” or “necessary” one by village government personnel. This shows that the said competencies are the ones needed by these village personnel’s offices. The identified competencies are used as the basis for preparing competence dictionaries and competence standards for village government personnel’s offices.
Manejo médico de la osteoartrosis con glucosamina y condrotin sulfato
Authors: Nieto Edgar J.
Published: February 2022

De las patologías inflamatorias articulares, la osteoartrosis u osteoartritis (OA) es la forma más común, la principal causa de incapacidad en el adulto mayor, y a nivel de salud pública su impacto sigue en constante aumento y de manera especial en ancianos obesos. Hasta el día de hoy, no existe tratamiento definitivo para evitar su aparición o detener su progresión. Una mejor comprensión de la fisiopatología de la OA y a nivel clínico el desarrollo de biomarcadores más sensibles o estudios no invasivos, para identificar y poner a prueba los tratamientos, podrían reducir la carga de esta enfermedad común.