bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Life Quality Architectural Approach to Enhance Digital Skills Training
Authors: Marin Iuliana , Popovici Dorina , Grivokostopoulou Foteini , Koutsojannis Constantinos
Published: June 2021

The paper presents the demand for professional services and skills in the health sector. The Erasmus+ DIGI4ME project aims to enhance digital skills trainings. An analysis of the Romanian health information system was conducted based on the interviews of the National Public Health Institute of Romania with stakeholders. According to the incidents which occurred in hospitals around the world, a system based on sensors is proposed to mitigate the problems which can appear. The testing of the system was done in laboratory conditions and the reports display the evolution of the measured environmental parameters. The software solution can determine medical professionals to enhance their digital skills and trigger creative ideas to improve the experience of their patients.
The Biden Scorecard: Abortion
Authors: Zalot Jozef ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2021

Five months into the Biden presidency, the administration has demonstrated a dedication to expanding access to and funding for abortion both in the United States and abroad. This is antithetical to the administration’s repeated claim that President Biden is a devout Catholic, as abortion is considered an intrinsic evil under Catholic teaching. His appointments, executive actions, and proposed budget all suggest that the administration will accept no limits on abortion and will, in fact, work to expand both funding and access throughout his presidency.
Template Policy for Catholic Health Care and Gender Identity
Authors: Zalot Jozef D. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2021

Gender ideology and medical interventions for so-called transitioning pose profound challenges for Catholic health care. Unfortunately, many institutions do not offer clear, specific policy guidance addressing these issues. This template policy is offered to Catholic health care institutions and systems to assist them in drafting such guidance. The template defines the mission of Catholic health care, summarizes Church teaching with regard to gender ideology, and identifies both licit and illicit clinical interventions for gender dysphoria. The template also offers guidance on practical issues, including name and pronoun use, sex-specific facilities, employee training programs, and health benefits. An appendix offers model language that institutions can incorporate into employment documents to maintain Catholic identity and mission.
Harm Reduction for Intravenous Substance Use
Authors: Connaughton Cara L. , Boerstler Jillian J. ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2021

North America is facing an ongoing, persistent opioid epidemic, and Vancouver, British Columbia, continues to be one of its devastating epicenters, with record overdose deaths in 2020. Roman Catholic health care organizations in Vancouver are compelled to pioneer potential solutions to this public health crisis—in solidarity and employing necessary strategies to help the most vulnerable in the communities served. While controversial, harm reduction strategies for intravenous substance use keep people alive until they are able to receive the help that they need to recover. An evaluation of the degree of cooperation involved in some harm reduction strategies indicates that they can be considered morally permissible and compatible with core tenets of Catholic bioethics.
Magisterial Teaching on the Foundation of Sexual Ethics
Authors: Alexander Irene ,   The National Catholic Bioethics Center
Published: June 2021

This article seeks to demonstrate that the perverted faculty argument is at the foundation of magisterial teaching in sexual ethics. Yet new natural law (NNL) theorists have consistently condemned this argument for decades despite their claim that they support the moral teachings of the Catholic Church. This situation is incongruous. Current scholarship indicates that NNL theorists do not accept the rationale for magisterial teaching in sexual ethics because, despite their opposition to proportionalism, they still hold in common its most critical error—an error that Pope St. John Paul II was at pains to condemn in Veritatis splendor
Is Introversion an Obstacle in Tacit Knowledge Sharing through Socialization? A Study on how Personality Traits Influence Knowledge Sharing Behavior
Authors: Hvidsten Anne Karete Nowers
Published: June 2021

In today’s knowledge-based economy, efficient management of an organization’s intellectual capital is becoming increasingly important. Tacit knowledge, as opposed to explicit knowledge, is an organization’s most vital knowledge, and this knowledge should be shared among co-workers in an efficient way. It is therefore crucial for managers to be aware of which factors that have an either positive or negative impact on the sharing of tacit knowledge. Personality is a factor that influence tacit knowledge sharing. Tacit knowledge is best shared through practices that require social interaction. This paper investigates the relation between tacit knowledge sharing and introversion in particular. Introverts are perceived to be withdrawn, quiet, and to have poorer social skills than extraverts, and therefore might have an inhibiting effect on knowledge sharing. However, by examining existing literature, this paper shows that typical introverted personality traits serve as both motivators and obstacles in tacit knowledge sharing.
Implementing Research Data Management Services in a Canadian Context
Authors: Grynoch Tess
Published: June 2021

Research data management (RDM) has become an increasingly pressing issue for academic libraries as they strive to assist researchers in addressing new public funding requirements surrounding data dissemination and preservation. Briney, Goben, & Zilinski (2015) reviewed several characteristics of RDM service provision efforts by 206 American research universities. Following a similar methodology, the author reviewed RDM service development within Canadian research universities and compared the results to the American efforts. The  main area requiring development in Canada is the provision of RDM services. Therefore, some current best practices for implementing RDM services were gathered through a literature review. The successful approaches highlighted in the literature include awareness of funder and institutional data policies, reaching out to data service providers on campus and beyond, understanding researcher data management needs and finding RDM champions, implementing research data services strategically, planning for growth in RDM services, marketing the RDM services, and creating incentives to create data management plans and utilize RDM services. Third Place DJIM Best Article Award.
Blockchain Tracking and Cannabis Regulation: Developing a permissioned blockchain network to track Canada's cannabis supply chain
Authors: Abelseth Brian
Published: June 2021

Achieving government’s goals for cannabis regulation requires legal cannabis to be a cheaper, more attractive consumer alternative compared to the illegal market. This goal may be undermined by the costs and disadvantages of traditional regulatory management. A Canada wide, real-time blockchain tracking system appears to be a viable technical solution architecture. A permissioned blockchain network could be tested alongside traditional tracking. This investment, if proven effective, could reduce regulatory costs for government and red tape for business, helping to achieve Governments’ objectives to:Enhance public safety by ensuring quality and monitoring product salesUndermine illegal markets to reduce crime and prevent product diversion
Spatial Analysis of Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Integration with Wind Farms in Nova Scotia
Authors: Collison Ben
Published: June 2021

Renewable energy systems have been implemented globally to help lower carbon emissions; for example, pumped hydro energy storage (PHES) is a system that helps mitigate peak loads on electrical grids to reduce dependency on fossil fuel energy generation. As a form of energy storage, PHES involves using two water reservoirs at different elevations to generate electricity at times of peak demand. Integrating PHES near wind farms allows the required water-pumping electricity to be supplied by wind power, rather than fossil fuels. A spatial analysis was done using ArcGIS Pro to determine the most ideal sites for PHES within close proximity to wind farms in Nova Scotia. Five potential sites were identified, and map layouts were produced showing conceptual models of PHES at these locations throughout the province. Due to the topography of Nova Scotia, development of PHES is not feasible at many potential sites. Five suitable sites were ranked based on environmental and technoeconomic costs; the Barrachois Wind PHES hybrid project was ranked the highest, followed by the Digby, Ellershouse, Maryvale, and South Canoe wind energy sites. The study concluded that integrating PHES into wind farms in Nova Scotia would be a useful method for boosting electrical grid stability, and attaining emissions reductions targets throughout the province.
An Investigation into the Efficiency of Gybing Daggerboards
Authors: Slocum Douglas
Published: June 2021

This investigation was completed by the author as an undergraduate thesis to fulfill requirements for the Webb Institute of Naval Architecture. A one-quarter scale model of a Lark dinghy was equipped with a gybing daggerboard, a daggerboard allowed to rotate about its vertical axis. The model was tested in a conventional configuration at various leeway angles with the foil aligned to the center plane, in a gybing configuration at a series of angles relative to the hull, and in configurations combining hull yaw and gybing angles to simulate realistic performance. Side-force (lift) and resistance (drag) were measured and expanded to full-scale. The results were found to agree with the hydrodynamic theory of boats with gybing foils; namely that they have lower drag for a given lift force developed to place aerodynamic forces in balance. The exact change in performance is not known and requires a determination of velocity made good to windward in order to draw conclusions beyond the drag reduction found in this research.
A Wind Tunnel Study Of The Interaction Between Two Sailing Yachts
Authors: Richards P. J. , Le Pelley D. J. , Jowett D. , Little J. , Detlefsen O.
Published: June 2021

The interference between two yachts sailing in several conditions is investigated in the wind tunnel by using two similar yacht models, one of which is mounted on a force balance and the other moved around the test section. The yachts were configured to sail close-hauled upwind at 20° apparent wind angle, downwind under asymmetric spinnaker at 60° and downwind under symmetric spinnaker at 120° apparent wind angle. The regions of positive and negative interference are determined through aerodynamic force measurement and flow disturbance measurement, and the sources of these effects investigated.
The Development of the New Volvo Class
Authors: Ward Britton , Cochran Chris
Published: June 2021

For the 2014-15 Volvo Ocean Race, the organizing authority made a dramatic shift in direction for the next two editions of the race opting to move to a smaller, less expensive yacht built to exceptionally strict one design standards. This paper outlines some of the motivations for this shift and details some of the critical features of the new Volvo Ocean 65 design and how they compare to solutions on the previous Volvo Open 70 yachts. Discussion of the logistical complexities involved in building the fleet of boats in the required time is also discussed. A review of the structural design is included to illustrate the efforts to improve construction efficiency, reduce cost and dramatically improve robustness of the yacht structures while minimizing the weight additions that result. Finally we review some of the extensive quality control procedures and manufacturing technology that has been employed in an effort to achieve a fleet of one design yachts that are as identical as possible.
ANÁLISE DO EFEITO DA REFRIGERAÇÃO DO LEITE DE OVELHA NO RENDIMENTO DA MASSA FRESCA DE QUEIJO
Authors: Malta Danielle Specht , Schemeier Mônica Naiara , Cavaleiro Darlene , Rigo Elisandra , Dalmina Estela Maria , Silva Fernanda Caparica Silva , Bianchi Anderson Elias Bianchi
Published: June 2021

O leite de ovelha apresenta conteúdo expressivo de sólidos que propiciam elaborar produtos de alto valor agregado, sendo destinado principalmente para produção de queijos e iogurtes, devido seu maior rendimento em relação as demais espécies. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da refrigeração do leite de ovelha no rendimento da massa fresca de queijo obtida a partir do leite de ovelha fresco e refrigerado por 6 e 10 dias. O leite de ovelha fresco da raça Lacaune e as massas frescas de queijo obtidas do leite fresco e dos leites refrigerados nos tempos 6 e 10 dias, foram analisados quanto aos teores de gordura, proteína, cinzas, sólidos totais, sólidos não gordurosos e minerais (sódio e potássio). A determinação do teor de lactose foi realizada apenas no leite fresco e o rendimento nas massas frescas de queijo. O leite de ovelha fresco e os refrigerados foram analisados quanto aos parâmetros de pH, acidez e estabilidade térmica. As alterações do leite de ovelha refrigerado ao longo do tempo não influenciaram na elaboração das massas frescas de queijo, no entanto a qualidade do leite refrigerado por 10 dias foi alterada, sendo recomendado sua utilização por até 6 dias.
DESIDRATAÇÃO OSMÓTICA DE BATATA YACON UTILIZANDO DIFERENTES EDULCORANTES
Authors: Santos Daniele Marcheseli dos
Published: June 2021

A batata yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) é um tubérculo com propriedades funcionais devido a sua ação probiótica e por conter carboidratos de reserva como os frutooligossacarídeos (FOS). Devido ao seu alto conteúdo de umidade, aproximadamente 90%, o yacon pode sofrer degradações tendo a sua vida útil de aproximadamente sete dias em condições não refrigeradas. Para preservar as suas propriedades e maior tempo de consumo pode-se realizar a desidratação osmótica, como pré-tratamento de secagem. Realizou-se a desidratação osmótica durante um período de 120 minutos utilizando os edulcorantes sorbitol, xilitol e maltitol à 50% de sua saturação em 25ºC. Verificou-se que houve um aumento da perda de massa até o tempo de 60 minutos e a partir deste, manteve-se constante. O edulcorante com maior grau de saturação (sorbitol) apresentou melhor incorporação de sólidos. Por outro lado, o edulcorante xilitol, de saturação intermediária, proporcionou maior perda de água.
РАЦИО Ц-ЕФИКАСНОСТИ КАО МЕРА ЕФИКАСНОСТИ ПДВ-А НЕДОВОЉНО РАЗВИЈЕНИХ ЗЕМАЉА ЕУ И СРБИЈЕ
Authors: Ђуровић-Тодоровић Јадранка , Ристић Милица
Published: June 2021

Политика коју води велики број земаља у развоју, у циљу повећања индиректних пореза, отворила је питање ефикасности пореза на додату вредност (ПДВ). Реформе пореских система земаља у развоју генерално укључују повећање стандардних стопа како би се повећао ПДВ, који је главни извор јавних прихода. На тај начин земље у развоју одређују ефикасност ПДВ-а и износ прихода који се могу прикупити индиректним опорезивањем.
Чланак субсумира научне радове који се баве утицајем детерминанти на ефикасност ПДВ-а. Предмет овог рада је анализа фактора који утичу на рацио Ц ефикасности. Главни циљ рада је да анализира утицај промене стандардне стопе на рацио. Теоријска анализа стандардних стопа и других фактора који утичу на ефикасност наплате ПДВ-а експлицитно доказује да постоје различити начини за побољшање ефикасности наплате ПДВ-а и искључује повећање стандардне стопе. Повећање стандардне стопе обезбеђује биланс негативних ефеката, који се могу замаглити евидентираним пореским приходима. Фокусирали смо се на земље Европске уније: Бугарску, Чешку, Естонију, Грчку, Хрватску, Летонију, Мађарску, Пољску, Румунију, Словачку, Словенију и Литванију током периода 2000-2016. Ове земље су доживеле значајне промене у влади током економске трансформације, и њима је ПДВ главни извор јавних прихода. У последњој секцији анализира се пораст стопе ПДВ-а и коефицијента Ц ефикасности у Србији и дају се закључци о томе.
У раду се указује на несавршеност неадекватно дефинисаних стопа ПДВ-а на економски раст и развој у анализираним земљама. На основу анализа можемо закључити да повећање стандардне стопе има негативне рефлексије на ефикасност ПДВ-а, те да је то био један од фактора континуираног пада Ц-ефикасности.
IZAZOVI NOVE INDUSTRIJSKE POLITIKE NA PRAGU ČETVRTE INDUSTRIJSKE REVOLUCIJE
Authors: Živković Aleksandar
Published: June 2021

Proces industrijalizacije prošao je kroz tri faze koje su opisane kao industrijske revolucije. Trenutno se nalazimo na pragu četvrte industrijske revolucije koja će fundamentalno promeniti način na koji živimo i radimo. Još uvek ne znamo kako će se to tačno odvijati ali jedno je jasno: odgovor na nju mora biti integrisan i sveobuhvatan, uklјučujući sve zainteresovane strane u globalnoj politici, od javnog i privatnog sektora do akademske zajednice i civilnog društva. Brzina trenutnih tehnoloških otkrića u poređenju sa prethodnim industrijskim revolucijama ne može se meriti. Širina i dubina ovih promena utiču na transformaciju celokupnih sistema proizvodnje i upravlјanja. Ovaj rad ima za cilј da predstavi glavne karakteristike Industrije 4.0 i opiše na koji način one utiču na kreiranje novih industrijskih politika u zemlјama širom sveta.
СУДБИНА МАРКЕТИНГ ЛОГИСТИКЕ У УСЛОВИМА 4.0. РЕВОЛУЦИЈЕ
Authors: Милосављевић Срђан
Published: June 2021

Продукти људске генијалности Четврте индустријске револуције пружају прилику онима који су већ довољно срећни да уживају у предностима претходних индустријских револуција да обликују, не само дизајн нових технологија, већ и агилније облике управљања и користи које из темеља могу трансформисати начин на који људи живе, раде, комуницирају и односе се једни према другима. Све моћније технологије драматично модификују не само традиционалне моделе производње, већ и устаљене начине „сервиса испоруке” и дистрибуције вредности. Имплементација најновијих технолошких достигнућа, пре свега у форми RFID технологије, осмишљене да обезбеђује континуирану комуникацију и „освежавање” података у реалном времену у целокупном ланцу снабдевања има за резултат подизање квалитета логистичких услуга на виши ниво уз истовремену значајну рационализацију и контролу трошкова. Све се више уочава тренд повећања употребе роботских манипулатора и на, RFID технологији заснованих, паметних полица и паметних фабрика, а на помолу су и малопродајни објекти без продајног особља који елиминишу потребу очитавања и наплате производа на касама. Револуционарне промене у маркетинг логистици условљене су појавом и све већом применом вишедимензионалне, такозване 3D штампе која има потенцијал да покрене тренд приближавања производње потрошњи, чиме би се у значајној мери модификовала садашња улога маркетинг логистике у целокупном ланцу снабдевања. Нове технологије нису промениле суштинску улогу маркетинг логистике, али начин успостављања следљивости при физичком премештању робе временом је еволуирао до нивоа научне фантастике. Као логично, намеће се питање судбине маркетинг логистике у условима 4.0. Револуције, али и много озбиљније питање будућности Човека у случају да Светом „загосподаре” хуманоидне машине са „људским ликом”, несензитивне на судбину човечанства.
On the connections among Fibonacci, Pell, Jacobsthal and Padovan numbers
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Kafkas University, Deveci Ömür
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we define the Fibonacci–Jacobsthal, Padovan–Fibonacci, Pell–Fibonacci, Pell–Jacobsthal, Padovan–Pell and Padovan–Jacobsthal sequences which are directly related with the Fibonacci, Jacobsthal, Pell and Padovan numbers and give their structural properties by matrix methods. Then we obtain new relationships between Fibonacci, Jacobsthal, Pell and Padovan numbers.
Micron-scale geometrical features of microtubules as regulators of microtubule organization
Authors: Mani Nandini , Wijeratne Sithara S , Subramanian Radhika
Published: June 2021

The organization of micron-sized, multi-microtubule arrays from individual microtubules is essential for diverse cellular functions. The microtubule polymer is largely viewed as a passive building block during the organization process. An exception is the ‘tubulin code’ where alterations to tubulin at the amino acid level can influence the activity of microtubule-associated proteins. Recent studies reveal that micron-scale geometrical features of individual microtubules and polymer networks, such as microtubule length, overlap length, contact angle, and lattice defects, can also regulate the activity of microtubule-associated proteins and modulate polymer dynamics. We discuss how the interplay between such geometrical properties of the microtubule lattice and the activity of associated proteins direct multiple aspects of array organization, from microtubule nucleation and coalignment to specification of array dimensions and remodeling of dynamic networks. The mechanisms reviewed here highlight micron-sized features of microtubules as critical parameters to be routinely investigated in the study of microtubule self-organization.
A putative structural mechanism underlying the antithetic effect of homologous RND1 and RhoD GTPases in mammalian plexin regulation
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Ke Pu , Kuo Yi-Chun , Wang Yuxiao , Zhang Xuewu , Song Chen , Shan Yibing
Published: June 2021

Plexins are semaphorin receptors that play essential roles in mammalian neuronal axon guidance and in many other important mammalian biological processes. Plexin signaling depends on a semaphorin-induced dimerization mechanism and is modulated by small GTPases of the Rho family, of which RND1 serves as a plexin activator yet its close homolog RhoD an inhibitor. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we showed that RND1 reinforces the plexin dimerization interface, whereas RhoD destabilizes it due to their differential interaction with the cell membrane. Upon binding plexin at the Rho-GTPase-binding domain (RBD), RND1 and RhoD interact differently with the inner leaflet of the cell membrane and exert opposite effects on the dimerization interface via an allosteric network involving the RBD, RBD linkers, and a buttress segment adjacent to the dimerization interface. The differential membrane interaction is attributed to the fact that, unlike RND1, RhoD features a short C-terminal tail and a positively charged membrane interface.
Major genetic discontinuity and novel toxigenic species in Clostridioides difficile taxonomy
Authors: Knight Daniel R , Imwattana Korakrit , Kullin Brian , Guerrero-Araya Enzo , Paredes-Sabja Daniel , Didelot Xavier , Dingle Kate E , Eyre David W , Rodríguez César , Riley Thomas V
Published: June 2021

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) remains an urgent global One Health threat. The genetic heterogeneity seen across C. difficile underscores its wide ecological versatility and has driven the significant changes in CDI epidemiology seen in the last 20 years. We analysed an international collection of over 12,000 C. difficile genomes spanning the eight currently defined phylogenetic clades. Through whole-genome average nucleotide identity, and pangenomic and Bayesian analyses, we identified major taxonomic incoherence with clear species boundaries for each of the recently described cryptic clades CI–III. The emergence of these three novel genomospecies predates clades C1–5 by millions of years, rewriting the global population structure of C. difficile specifically and taxonomy of the Peptostreptococcaceae in general. These genomospecies all show unique and highly divergent toxin gene architecture, advancing our understanding of the evolution of C. difficile and close relatives. Beyond the taxonomic ramifications, this work may impact the diagnosis of CDI.
A systematic CRISPR screen reveals an IL-20/IL20RA-mediated immune crosstalk to prevent the ovarian cancer metastasis
Authors: Li Jia , Qin Xuan , Shi Jie , Wang Xiaoshuang , Li Tong , Xu Mengyao , Chen Xiaosu , Zhao Yujia , Han Jiahao , Piao Yongjun , Zhang Wenwen , Qu Pengpeng , Wang Longlong , Xiang Rong , Shi Yi
Published: June 2021

Transcoelomic spread of cancer cells across the peritoneal cavity occurs in most initially diagnosed ovarian cancer (OC) patients and accounts for most cancer-related death. However, how OC cells interact with peritoneal stromal cells to evade the immune surveillance remains largely unexplored. Here, through an in vivo genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen, we identified IL20RA, which decreased dramatically in OC patients during peritoneal metastasis, as a key factor preventing the transcoelomic metastasis of OC. Reconstitution of IL20RA in highly metastatic OC cells greatly suppresses the transcoelomic metastasis. OC cells, when disseminate into the peritoneal cavity, greatly induce peritoneum mesothelial cells to express IL-20 and IL-24, which in turn activate the IL20RA downstream signaling in OC cells to produce mature IL-18, eventually resulting in the polarization of macrophages into the M1-like subtype to clear the cancer cells. Thus, we show an IL-20/IL20RA-mediated crosstalk between OC and mesothelial cells that supports a metastasis-repressing immune microenvironment.
Full assembly of HIV-1 particles requires assistance of the membrane curvature factor IRSp53
Authors: Inamdar Kaushik , Tsai Feng-Ching , Dibsy Rayane , de Poret Aurore , Manzi John , Merida Peggy , Muller Remi , Lappalainen Pekka , Roingeard Philippe , Mak Johnson , Bassereau Patricia , Favard Cyril , Muriaux Delphine
Published: June 2021

During HIV-1 particle formation, the requisite plasma membrane curvature is thought to be solely driven by the retroviral Gag protein. Here, we reveal that the cellular I-BAR protein IRSp53 is required for the progression of HIV-1 membrane curvature to complete particle assembly. siRNA-mediated knockdown of IRSp53 gene expression induces a decrease in viral particle production and a viral bud arrest at half completion. Single-molecule localization microscopy at the cell plasma membrane shows a preferential localization of IRSp53 around HIV-1 Gag assembly sites. In addition, we observe the presence of IRSp53 in purified HIV-1 particles. Finally, HIV-1 Gag protein preferentially localizes to curved membranes induced by IRSp53 I-BAR domain on giant unilamellar vesicles. Overall, our data reveal a strong interplay between IRSp53 I-BAR and Gag at membranes during virus assembly. This highlights IRSp53 as a crucial host factor in HIV-1 membrane curvature and its requirement for full HIV-1 particle assembly.
Case Note – Justice Served?: Ashwaq Haji Hamid Talo's Confrontation and Conviction of Her Islamic State Captor
Authors: Vale Gina
Published: June 2021

Over five years after the Islamic State (IS) terrorist group launched its genocidal attack against the Yazidi ethno-religious minority community in Sinjar, Northern Iraq, calls for 'justice' remain largely unanswered. While hundreds of IS members have been tried and convicted of their
group affiliation, few have faced charges for crimes committed against the Yazidis. However, in March 2020, Ashwaq Haji Hamid Talo – a 20-year-old Yazidi woman – took the stand of a Baghdad courtroom and played a driving role in the prosecution and conviction of her attacker. Through
examination of her case in the context of wider political and procedural concerns for trying IS members, this article highlights both the opportunities and challenges for individual victims and the wider Yazidi community to secure meaningful 'justice'.
Molecular Interaction Analysis of COX-2 Against Aryl Amino Alcohol Derivatives from Isoeugenol as Anti Breast Cancer using Molecular Docking
Authors: Zuhrufa Zulfa , Julianto Tatang Shabur
Published: June 2021

Breast cancer occurs due to uncontrolled cells proliferation. The Proliferation causes severe inflammatory which can be the initial stages of cancer symptoms. Aryl amino alcohol compounds from isoeugenol derivatives are proposed for the potential drugs of breast cancer. This study was conducted on iso-eugenol derivatives by adding carbonyl groups, hydroxyl groups, halide compounds and amines to determine the effect on anticancer activity through molecular docking studies. The molecular docking approach is carried out to see the interaction of ligands with protein compounds by using the minimized ligand energy bind with protein active site using protein data bank ID 5GMN. The docking result show that IE-Benzanilide-Cl (11) and IE-Benzanilide-OH (10) have the lowest binding energy (−8.3 kcal/mol and −8.6 kcal/mol) compare to another compounds. AdmetSAR computer simulations show that all compounds have very few toxic effects. The use of aryl amino alcohol derivatives (10 and 11) may be suggested as anti-breast cancer drugs. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Rho‐dependent transcription termination regulates the toxin–antitoxin modules of cryptic prophages to silence their expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Hafeezunnisa Mohammed , Chhakchhuak Passong Immanual R. , Krishnakumar Janani , Sen Ranjan
Published: June 2021

Bacterial Rho‐dependent transcription termination regulates many physiological processes. Here, we report that it controls the expression of toxin–antitoxin (TA) modules of cryptic prophages in E. coli. Microarray profiles of Rho mutants showed upregulation of genes of the CP4‐6 and CP4‐44 prophages, including their TA modules, that were validated by RT‐qPCR. Analysis of the in vivo termination efficiency and the mRNA sequences of these prophages revealed the presence of many Rho‐dependent terminators. The prophage TA modules exhibited synthetic lethality with the Rho mutants, indicating functional involvement of Rho‐dependent termination in controlling these modules. Rho‐dependent termination does not regulate most of the chromosomal TA modules. We conclude that Rho‐dependent termination specifically silences the TA modules of prophages, thereby augmenting bacterial innate immunity.
Field research on cyclone damage and housing reconstruction in Fijian Village—Case study of Navala Village after tropical cyclone Winston
Authors: Miyaji Mari , Fujieda Ayako , Veitata Sainimere , Kobayashi Hirohide
Published: June 2021

The Republic of Fiji was hit by Tropical Cyclone Winston in 2016, and housing reconstruction was enabled through government support. This study was aimed at observing the impact on housing in a rural village consisting of both modern and traditional housing types, as well as identifying the reconstruction process. The results show that the distribution of materials was delayed, and housing quality depended on local carpenters. We concluded that there was a need to train carpenters, and the reconstruction of traditional houses should be considered. This is to reflect the natural environment in tropical islands and enhance traditional building knowledge.
Tough Choices: Exploring Medication Decision‐Making During Pregnancy and Lactation Among Women With Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Birru Talabi Mehret , Eudy Amanda M. , Jayasundara Malithi , Haroun Tayseer , Nowell W. Benjamin , Curtis Jeffrey R. , Crow‐Hercher Rachelle , White Whitney , Ginsberg Seth , Clowse Megan E. B.
Published: June 2021

Objective

This study explored how women’s beliefs about drug safety and interactions with their health care providers influenced their decisions to continue arthritis medications during pregnancy and lactation.

Methods

We collaborated with ArthritisPower, a patient‐powered research network, and CreakyJoints, its partner online community, to develop and disseminate a survey among members with inflammatory arthritis who had at least one pregnancy after diagnosis. Participants’ free‐text responses were evaluated by using thematic analysis.

Results

Women in the sample were 40 years old on average (N = 66). Nineteen of their pregnancies had ended in fetal loss. Fifteen percent of all pregnancies were exposed to methotrexate. Among women who used safe arthritis medications, up to 80% discontinued treatment either in preparation for pregnancy or during pregnancy or lactation. Women’s decisions to continue medications during pregnancy were influenced by their perceptions of safety and advisement from health care providers, although they often described that advice about medication safety was inconsistent between providers.

Conclusion

Women often chose to endure active inflammatory arthritis rather than to use disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs because of concerns about medication safety during pregnancy and lactation. Conflicting medical advice from health care providers undermined patients’ trust in their providers and in the safety of their medications. The high rate of peripartum exposure to methotrexate, a fetotoxic drug, underscores the need for better family planning care for women with childbearing potential.
Light‐Regulated Angiogenesis via a Phototriggerable VEGF Peptidomimetic
Authors: Nair Roshna V. , Farrukh Aleeza , del Campo Aránzazu
Published: June 2021

The application of growth factor based therapies in regenerative medicine is limited by the high cost, fast degradation kinetics, and the multiple functions of these molecules in the cell, which requires regulated delivery to minimize side effects. Here a photoactivatable peptidomimetic of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that allows the light‐controlled presentation of angiogenic signals to endothelial cells embedded in hydrogel matrices is presented. A photoresponsive analog of the 15‐mer peptidomimetic Ac‐KLTWQELYQLKYKGI‐NH2 (abbreviated PQK) is prepared by introducing a 3‐(4,5‐dimethoxy‐2‐nitrophenyl)‐2‐butyl (DMNPB) photoremovable protecting group at the Trp4 residue. This modification inhibits the angiogenic potential of the peptide temporally. Light exposure of PQK modified hydrogels provide instructive cues to embedded endothelial cells and promote angiogenesis at the illuminated sites of the 3D culture, with the possibility of spatial control. PQK modified photoresponsive biomaterials offer an attractive approach for the dosed delivery and spatial control of pro‐angiogenic factors to support regulated vascular growth by just using light as an external trigger.
Design of Hybrid Superwetting Surfaces with Self‐Driven Droplet Transport Feature for Enhanced Condensation
Authors: Tang Yu , Yang Xiaolong , Li Yimin , Zhu Di
Published: June 2021

Patterned hybrid superwetting surfaces that function in drop‐film‐wise condensation mode have great potential applications in heat transfer devices, water desalination, etc., due to the high performance of condensate transport. However, design and combination strategy for pattern optimization are still not clear. In this work, superhydrophobic surfaces with wedge‐shaped superhydrophilic patterns are created for enhanced condensation. Dependence of geometry, size, and combination of the patterns on droplet transporting and heat transfer coefficient is investigated. Results imply that superhydrophobic surface with array of single‐wedge‐shaped superhydrophilic patterns shows 30% improvement of heat transfer coefficient when compared with superhydrophobic surface, due to rapid condensate transferring from drop‐wise to film‐wise region, condensate converging and departing from the film‐wise region. Additionally, when compared with the surface with array of cluster‐wedge‐shaped superhydrophilic patterns, the surface with array of single‐wedge‐shaped superhydrophilic patterns have higher condensation efficiency because of the larger total circumference, which donate greater condensate transferring capacity. Moreover, single‐wedge‐shaped superhydrophilic patterns with large size show higher heat transfer coefficient than the patterns with small size due to lower saturated vapor pressure. This new fundamental insight can be used to develop new hybrid superwetting surfaces intended on engineering applications, such as water production and heat transfer.
Z‐Scheme Flower‐Like SnO2/g‐C3N4 Composite with Sn2+ Active Center for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Bao Zhiyong , Xing Mengmeng , Zhou Yu , Lv Jun , Lei Dangyuan , Zhang Yong , Cai Jing , Wang Jiaheng , Sun Zhenjie , Chen Wenjuan , Gan Xiaorong , Yang Xingyu , Han Qizhen , Zhang Maofeng , Dai Jiyan , Wu Yucheng
Published: June 2021

The invention of defect‐engineering motivated Z‐scheme photocatalytic complexes has been treated as an emerging opportunity to accomplish effective carrier separation and electron transfer in hybrid heterojunctions, contributing a novel approach to accomplish modified visible‐light driven photocatalytic performance compared to traditional nanocomposites. Exploring a desired carrier medium is crucial to support impressive electron transportation in Z‐scheme photocatalytic nanocomposites. Here, the role that the Sn2+/Sn4+ redox couple plays in the photocatalytic process is systematically studied by taking the flower‐like SnO2/layered g‐C3N4 with deficient Sn2+ reactive sites as an example, where the defect‐engineering can be introduced by heat treatment. The experimental results and computational simulations demonstrate that the deficient Sn2+ reactive sites can facilitate small molecule adsorption and boost the interfacial carrier separation and transfer in the photocatalytic procedure by bringing in the Sn2+/Sn4+ redox couple. This work provides a more in‐depth exploration of Z‐scheme photocatalytic‐system construction and is helpful to the development of defect‐engineering approaches with high photocatalysis performance.
Co‐Evaporated Perovskite Light‐Emitting Transistor Operating at Room Temperature
Authors: Klein Maciej , Li Jia , Bruno Annalisa , Soci Cesare
Published: June 2021

Solution‐processed hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite light‐emitting transistors (PeLETs) suffer from low brightness and environmental instability induced by temperature‐activated trapping, ionic motion, and polarization effects, which so far have been hindering the realization of devices operating at room temperature. Here high quality thermally co‐evaporated methylammonium lead iodide perovskite films are employed to minimize ionic motion and significantly improve the electroluminescence characteristics of the perovskite active layer, enabling stable device operation up to ≈ 310 K. The demonstration of PeLETs operating at and beyond room‐temperature paves the way for practical applications in the rapidly evolving area of solid‐state lighting, active‐matrix displays, and visible light communications.
Measurements of lethal and nonlethal inbreeding depression inform the de novo domestication of Silphium integrifolium
Authors: Price John H. , Brandvain Yaniv , Smith Kevin P.
Published: June 2021

PREMISE

Inbreeding depression, or the reduction in fitness of progeny with related parents, has the potential to adversely affect the long‐term viability of both wild and captive plant populations. Silphium integrifolium, a prairie plant native to the central United States, has been identified as a potential candidate for domestication as a perennial oilseed crop. Little is known about the potential for inbreeding depression in this species, but it is expected to be nonnegligible because S. integrifolium is both perennial and self‐incompatible. Here, we measure lethal inbreeding depression expressed through embryo deaths, and nonlethal inbreeding depression expressed through changes in vigor and fitness phenotypes of progeny.

METHODS

First, we made controlled crosses among related and unrelated individuals to determine the effect of two different levels of inbreeding on seed production. Then, we grew inbred and outbred progeny from this population to reproductive maturity and measured 11 key traits.

RESULTS

We found that within an improved S. integrifolium population, individuals carried an average of slightly less than one lethal allele per gamete. In progeny, significant inbreeding depression was observed in at least one family for eight of the 11 measured traits.

CONCLUSIONS

Inbreeding depression is likely to be an important challenge to S. integrifolium domestication, reducing overall population fecundity and values for important phenotypes. These effects may grow worse as selection reduces effective population size. We recommend several strategies for S. integrifolium breeding to help mitigate these problems.
Electric Dipole Polarizability of Neutron Rich Nuclei
Authors: Piekarewicz Jorge
Published: June 2021

Insights into the equation of state of neutron rich matter obtained from the neutron skin thickness of208Pb are in sharp conflict with earlier measurements of the electric dipole polarizability. A set of accurately calibrated energy density functionals are used to highlight the tension and to articulate how a highly‐intense Gamma Factory may help resolve the present dilemma.
Integrating community college faculty into disciplinary associations: Lessons from sociology
Authors: Rowell Katherine R. , Vitullo Margaret Weigers , Smith Michelle A. , Levinson David L.
Published: June 2021

The American Sociological Association (ASA) used social science research and data informed approaches to engage community college faculty in the discipline.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Thiolation of Aryl Nitriles
Authors: Delcaillau Tristan , Morandi Bill
Published: June 2021

A nickel‐catalyzed thiolation of aryl nitriles has been developed to access functionalized aryl thioethers. The ligand dcype (1,2‐bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane) as well as the base KOtBu (potassium tert‐butoxide) are essential to achieve this transformation. This scalable and practical process involves both a C−C bond activation and a C−S bond formation. Furthermore, this reaction shows a high functional‐group tolerance and enables the late‐stage functionalization of important molecules.
Influence of parameter deviation on the closeness of the tibial limb and external fixator based on a novel collision detection algorithm
Authors: Li Guotong , Li Jianfeng , Zuo Shiping , Dong Mingjie
Published: June 2021

The Ortho‐SUV frame (OSF) is a hexapod external fixator widely applied in orthopedics deformity correction. The possibility of collision between OSF's struts and the soft tissue is an essential but overlooked issue. To avoid the issue, a novel collision detection algorithm is established based on a cone‐cylinder model of the tibial limb‐strut interaction for detecting the closeness of the tibial limb and external fixator. The algorithm is constructed using the vector analysis based on the model of the minimum distance between the truncated cone generatrix and the cylinder axis. The motion simulation is performed on the overall alignment through the Solidworks‐motion module to verify the feasibility of the algorithm. Subsequently, the installation parameter deviations of the bone‐fixator system are described to investigate the influence of orientation and position deviation on the closeness of the tibial limb and external fixator through the numerical method. The investigation results show that the orientation deviationγ(around thez‐axis), the position deviationτ1andτ2(along thexandy‐axes, respectively) have greater sensitivity to closeness and the influence of multiple deviations on the closeness has the property of superposition. The proposed algorithm can assist clinicians to strictly design and appraise frame configurations prior to their application to avoid the collision between the external fixator and the limbs during the correction. It has great application significance in the development of computer‐aided correction software.
C/EBPδ drives key endocrine signals in the human amnion at parturition
Authors: Lu Jiang‐Wen , Wang Wang‐Sheng , Zhou Qiong , Ling Li‐Jun , Ying Hao , Sun Yun , Myatt Leslie , Sun Kang
Published: June 2021

Amnion‐derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cortisol are key to labor onset. Identification of a common transcription factor driving the expression of both cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β‐HSD1), the key enzymes in their production, may hold the key to the treatment of pre‐term labor. Here, we have found that the CCAAT enhancer binding protein δ (C/EBPδ) is such a transcription factor which underlies the feed‐forward induction of COX‐2 and 11β‐HSD1 expression by their own products PGE2 and cortisol in human amnion fibroblasts so that their production would be ensured in the amnion for the onset of labor. Moreover, the abundance of C/EBPδ in the amnion increases along with COX‐2 and 11β‐HSD1 at term and further increases at parturition. Knockout of C/EBPδ in mice delays the onset of labor further supporting the concept. In conclusion, C/EBPδ pathway may be speculated to serve as a potential pharmaceutical target in the amnion for treatment of pre‐term labor.
Detectability of cannabinoids in the serum samples of cannabis users: Indicators of recent cannabis use? A follow‐up study
Authors: Krämer Michael , Schäper Martin , Dücker Kristina , Philipsen Alexandra , Losacker Moritz , Dreimüller Nadine , Engelmann Jan , Madea Burkhard , Hess Cornelius
Published: June 2021

Forensic toxicologists are frequently required to predict the time of last cannabis consumption. Several studies suggested the utility of minor cannabinoids as indicators of recent cannabis use. Because several factors influence blood cannabinoid concentrations, the interpretation of serum cannabinoid concentrations remains challenging. To assess the informative value of serum cannabinoid levels in cannabis users (in total N = 117 patients, including 56 patients who stated an exact time of last cannabis use within 24 h before blood sampling), the detectability of cannabinoids, namely, delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (delta‐9‐THC), 11‐hydroxy‐delta‐9‐THC, 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐delta‐9‐THC, cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), cannabidivarin, tetrahydrocannabivarin, cannabigerol (CBG), cannabicyclol, delta‐8‐THC, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A, cannabichromenic acid, cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid, cannabicyclolic acid (CBLA), 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐THCV (THCVCOOH), and 11‐nor‐CBN‐9‐COOH, was investigated. Excluding CBDA and CBLA, all investigated cannabinoids were detected in at least one analyzed sample. The interval between cannabis consumption and sample collection (reported by the patients) was not correlated with cannabinoid concentrations. Minor cannabinoids tended to be more easily detected in samples obtained shortly after consumption. However, some samples tested positive for minor cannabinoids despite an interval of several hours or even days between consumption and sampling (according to patients' statements). For instance, CBC, CBG, THCVCOOH, CBD, and CBN in certain cases could be detected more than 24 h after the last consumption of cannabis. Thus, findings of minor cannabinoids should always be interpreted with caution.