bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two synthetic routes generate two isopolyoxoniobates based on {Nb16} and {Nb20}
Authors: Liang Zhijie , Qiao Yuanyuan , Li Miaomiao , Ma Pengtao , Niu Jingyang , Wang Jingping
Published: November 2019

The directing effects of SeO2 adduct and the different routes has yielded two novel isopolyniobates, representing new members of the polyoxoniobate family. Mass spectrometry has been applied to explore the solution behavior of compound 1.
Application of a coarse-grained model for the design of complex supramolecular networks
Authors: Baran Ł. , Rżysko W.
Published: November 2019

Examples of self-assembly of molecules with different architectures.
A general formulation approach for the fabrication of water repellent materials: how composition can impact resilience and functionality
Authors: Upton R. L. , Davies-Manifold Z. , Marcello M. , Arnold K. , Crick C. R.
Published: November 2019

A universal approach for fabricating superhydrophobic materials, through a three-component formulation (nanomaterial, polymer, and solvent) that can be readily interchanged.
Preparation and characterization of soybean oil-based waterborne polyurethane/acrylate hybrid emulsions for self-matting coatings
Authors: Meng Yeyun , Lv Peng , Liu Qi , Liao Bing , Pang Hao , Liu Weiqu
Published: November 2019

This work aims to explore the feasibility of self-matting coatings based on soybean oil.
An umpolung reaction of α-iminonitriles and its application to the synthesis of aminomalononitriles
Authors: Shimizu Makoto , Furukawa Yuki , Mizota Isao , Zhu Yusong
Published: November 2019

An umpolungN-alkylation reaction of α-iminonitriles with Grignard reagents gaveN-alkylated α-aminonitriles in good yields.
Metal-free switchable ortho/ipso-cyclization of N-aryl alkynamides: divergent synthesis of 3-selenyl quinolin-2-ones and azaspiro[4,5]trienones
Authors: Sahoo Harekrishna , Grandhi Gowri Sankar , Ramakrishna Isai , Baidya Mahiuddin
Published: November 2019

A selenium radical triggered switchable ortho/ipso-cyclization cascade of N-aryl alkynamides has been devised under metal-free conditions to access 3-selenyl quinolin-2-ones and 3-selenospiro[4,5]trienones in high yields (up to 98%).
Metal-induced change in catalytic loop positioning in Helicobacter pylori arginase alters catalytic function
Authors: Dutta Ankita , Mazumder Mohit , Alam Mashkoor , Gourinath Samudrala , Sau Apurba Kumar
Published: November 2019

Arginase is a bimetallic enzyme that utilizes mainly Mn2+ or Co2+ for catalytic function. In human homolog, the substitution of Mn2+ with Co2+ significantly reduces the Km value without affecting the kcat. However, in the Helicobacter pylori counterpart (important for pathogenesis), the kcat increases nearly 4-fold with Co2+ ions both in the recombinant holoenzyme and arginase isolated from H. pylori grown with Co2+ or Mn2+. This suggests that the active site of arginase in the two homologs is modulated differently by these two metal ions. To investigate the underlying mechanism for metal-induced difference in catalytic activity in the H. pylori enzyme, we used biochemical, biophysical and microsecond molecular dynamics simulations studies. The study shows that the difference in binding affinity of Co2+ and Mn2+ ions with the protein is linked to a different positioning of a loop (–122HTAYDSDSKHIHG134–) that contains a conserved catalytic His133. Consequently, the proximity of His133 and conserved Glu281 is varied. We found that the Glu281–His133 interaction is crucial for catalytic function and was previously unexplored in other homologs. We suggest that the proximity difference between these two residues in the Co2+- and Mn2+-proteins alters the proportion of protonated His133 via variation in its pKa. This affects the efficiency of proton transfer — an essential step of l-arginine hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by arginase and thus activity. Unlike in human arginase, the flexibility of the above segment observed in H. pylori homolog suggests that this region in the H. pylori enzyme may be explored to design its specific inhibitors.
The Effect of Symbol Background Color on the Speed of Locating Targets by Adults Without Disabilities: Implications for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Display Design
Authors: Thistle Jennifer J.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Previous research with children with and without disabilities has demonstrated that visual–perceptual factors can influence the speech of locating a target on an array. Adults without disabilities often facilitate the learning and use of a child's augmentative and alternative communication system. The current research examined how the presence of symbol background color influenced the speed with which adults without disabilities located target line drawings in 2 studies.

Method

Both studies used a between-subjects design. In the 1st study, 30 adults (ages 18–29 years) located targets in a 16-symbol array. In the 2nd study, 30 adults (ages 18–34 years) located targets in a 60-symbol array. There were 3 conditions in each study: symbol background color, symbol background white with a black border, and symbol background white with a color border.

Results

In the 1st study, reaction times across groups were not significantly different. In the 2nd study, participants in the symbol background color condition were significantly faster than participants in the other conditions, and participants in the symbol background white with black border were significantly slower than participants in the other conditions.

Conclusion

Communication partners may benefit from the presence of background color, especially when supporting children using displays with many symbols.
High-resolution spectropolarimetric observations of the temporal evolution of magnetic fields in photospheric bright points
Authors: Keys P. H. , Reid A. , Mathioudakis M. , Shelyag S. , Henriques V. M. J. , Hewitt R. L. , Del Moro D. , Jafarzadeh S. , Jess D. B. , Stangalini M.
Published: November 2019

Context.Magnetic bright points (MBPs) are dynamic, small-scale magnetic elements often found with field strengths of the order of a kilogauss within intergranular lanes in the photosphere.

Aims.Here we study the evolution of various physical properties inferred from inverting high-resolution full Stokes spectropolarimetry data obtained from ground-based observations of the quiet Sun at disc centre.

Methods.Using automated feature-tracking algorithms, we studied 300 MBPs and analysed their temporal evolution as they evolved to kilogauss field strengths. These properties were inferred using both the NICOLE and SIR Stokes inversion codes. We employ similar techniques to study radiative magnetohydrodynamical simulations for comparison with our observations.

Results.Evidence was found for fast (∼30−100 s) amplification of magnetic field strength (by a factor of 2 on average) in MBPs during their evolution in our observations. Similar evidence for the amplification of fields is seen in our simulated data.

Conclusions.Several reasons for the amplifications were established, namely, strong downflows preceding the amplification (convective collapse), compression due to granular expansion and mergers with neighbouring MBPs. Similar amplification of the fields and interpretations were found in our simulations, as well as amplification due to vorticity. Such a fast amplification will have implications for a wide array of topics related to small-scale fields in the lower atmosphere, particularly with regard to propagating wave phenomena in MBPs.
Skaphoidpseudarthrosen – wenn das Kahnbein nicht heilen will
Authors: Oeckenpöhler Simon , Ueberberg Johanna , Raschke Michael J. , Langer Martin F.
Published: November 2019

Kahnbeinbrüche sind die häufigsten knöchernen Läsionen des Karpus. Da sie nicht selten wenig klinische Symptome hervorrufen, werden diese Frakturen bei unzureichender Diagnostik häufig übersehen und mangelhaft therapiert. Deshalb ist bei klinischem Verdacht ein Frakturausschluss mittels Schichtbildgebung obligat. Anhand der CT kann der Bruch des Kahnbeins nach Krimmer und Herbert klassifiziert und davon abhängig die Therapie festgelegt werden. Da auch die Durchblutung des Kahnbeins recht fragil ist, kommt es in bis zu 37% der konservativen Therapien mittels Ruhigstellung bei „stabilen“ Typ A Verletzungen zur Ausbildung einer Pseudarthrose. Selbst operativ stabilisierte Typ B Verletzungen haben ein Pseudarthroserisiko von bis zu 10%. Es werden straffe Pseudarthrosen von instabilen Pseudarthrosen unterschieden. Erstere lassen sich oft minimalinvasiv mit perkutaner Schraubenosteosynthese therapieren, letztere müssen meist offen mit Interposition eines Spongiosatransplantes oder eines (vaskularisierten) Knochenspanes versorgt werden, um diese zur Ausheilung zu bringen. Zuvor muss hier die Stellung mittels Dünnschicht-CT und die Vitalität der Fragmente mittels Kontrastmittel-MRT detektiert werden. Unversorgte Skaphoidpseudarthrosen führen zur Instabilität des karpalen Gefüges und über einen karpalen Kollaps häufig zur Handgelenksarthrose.
Die schlecht heilende proximale Tibiafraktur – Infektion, Malunion, Delayed Union, Nonunion – was nun?
Authors: Schoof Benjamin , Hissnauer Tim-Nicolas , Klatte Till Orla , Frosch Karl-Heinz
Published: November 2019

Die Fraktur der proximalen Tibia mit und ohne Gelenkbeteiligung ist eine schwere und komplikationsträchtige Verletzung. Sie stellt Patienten und Behandler aufgrund der operativen Anforderungen und individuellen Behandlung vor eine herausfordernde Aufgabe. Im folgenden Artikel werden Risiken und Komplikationen dargestellt sowie mögliche Behandlungspfade aufgezeigt.
Intraoperatives Neuromonitoring in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie
Authors: Shiban Ehab , Ille Sebastian , Meyer Bernhard
Published: November 2019

Das intraoperative Neuromonitoring (IONM) findet abgesehen von seiner Anwendung bei der Resektion von supratentoriellen Raumforderungen auch Anwendung in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie. Hier muss einerseits zwischen verschiedenen Indikationen für den Einsatz des IONM, sowie den einzelnen IONM-Modalitäten unterschieden werden. Diese werden teilweise kontrovers diskutiert. Im folgenden Artikel sollen sowohl die Indikationen wie auch die Modalitäten des IONM in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie beschrieben und basierend auf der aktuellen Evidenz diskutiert werden.
Atypically Located Osteoid Osteoma: Characteristics and Therapeutic Success After Image-Guided Thermal Ablation
Authors: Seemann Ricarda Johanna , Märdian Sven , Schwabe Philipp , Streitparth Florian
Published: November 2019

Purpose While ostoeid osteomas (OO) are typically located in long tubular bones, OO occurring elsewhere are referred to as “atypical”. Aim of our study was to review the characteristics of atypically located OO, course of symptoms and therapy, as well as clinical outcome, safety, and patient satisfaction of radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Materials and methods In the period from 04/01 to 07/13, 33 patients were treated using thermal ablation (RFA or laser), partly with low temperature and short duration technique. Clinical records were analyzed. Additionally, 23 patients were interviewed via telephone. Primary endpoints were technical success, clinical success (recurrence rates), and adverse events. Secondary endpoints were course of symptoms and therapy as well as patient satisfaction.

Results Mean follow-up was 22.1 ± 21.5 months. Average patient age was 31.7 ± 16.3 years. Localization: Most atypical OO (61 %) were located in the lower extremity, followed by axial skeleton (26 %) and upper extremity (13 %). Pain anamnesis: 74 % of patients stated that their pain occured predominantly at night and responded to NSAID, as typical for OO. Diagnostics: Patients consulted on average 4 different doctors and in 52 % patients, ≥ 3 different radiologic imaging techniques where used before the diagnosis “OO” was made. Outcome: Technical success of thermal ablation was 100 %. Primary clinical success was 91 %. Patient satisfaction was 100 %. No major complications occurred.

Conclusion In ¼ of cases, atypical OO did not show the typical pain characteristics of OO. Image-guided thermal ablation is a promising and safe therapy also for patients with atypical OO.

Key points: 

Citation Format
Kongressbericht
Authors: Drähne Angela
Published: November 2019

Vom 14.–17.09.2019 fand der 48. Internationale EDTNA/ERCA-Kongress in Prag (Tschechien) statt. Das wissenschaftliche Programm sowie die Workshops und Seminare waren hervorragend geplant, mit sehr kompetenten Rednern besetzt und gut besucht.
Kenntnisse von deutschsprachigen Urologen zur Häufigkeit der Assoziation des Peniskarzinoms mit dem Humanen Papillomavirus – Survey-Ergebnisse der European PROspective Penile Cancer Study (E-PROPS)
Authors: Lebentrau Steffen , Wolff Ingmar , Hempel Marie Christine , Haccius Marlene , Kluth Luis A. , Pycha Armin , Brookman-May Sabine , Schneider Till Rasmus , Hermanns Thomas , Distler Florian A. , Boegemann Martin , Kübler Hubert , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Burger Maximilian , May Matthias
Published: November 2019

Hintergrund Gemäß einer aktuellen Metaanalyse zeigt in Europa jeder zweite Patient mit einem Peniskarzinom (PeK) eine Assoziation mit dem Humanen Papillomavirus (HPV). Es liegen keine Daten darüber vor, inwieweit UrologInnen die Häufigkeit dieser viralen Karzinogenese kennen.

Methoden Es wurde ein 14-Items umfassender deutschsprachiger Survey erstellt und in Q3/2018 einmalig an UrologInnen von 45 Kliniken in Deutschland (n = 34), Österreich (n = 8), der Schweiz (n = 2) und Italien/Südtirol (n = 1) verschickt. Insgesamt waren nach vorher definiertem Qualitätsstandard 557 Fragebögen auswertbar (mediane Rücklaufquote 85,7 %). In dem Survey wurde u. a. nach der Häufigkeit HPV-assoziierter PeK in Europa gefragt und 4 Antwortmöglichkeiten vorgegeben: (A)-„< 25 %“, (B)-„25 – 50 %“, (C)-„> 50 – 75 %“, (D)-„kein Wissen über die Häufigkeit des Zusammenhangs“. Es wurde in der Auswertung eine Toleranz von 50 % akzeptiert, sodass B und C (25 – 75 %) als korrekte Antworten gewertet wurden. Mittels eines Bootstrap-korrigierten multivariaten logistischen Regressionsmodells wurden Kriterien identifiziert, die unabhängig eine richtige Antwort der Befragten vorhersagten.

Ergebnisse Die Kategorien A – D wurden von 19,2 % (n = 107), 48,8 % (n = 272), 12,9 % (n = 72) bzw. 19 % (n = 106) als Antwort gewählt, sodass der Endpunkt von 61,8 % (n = 344) der UrologInnen erreicht wurde (B + C). Die selbstständige Durchführung der Chemotherapie durch die Urologische Klinik (OR 1,55; p[Bootstrap] = 0,036) und die Anzahl der urologischen Klinikbetten (OR 1,02; p[Bootstrap] = 0,025) waren die einzigen Studienkriterien, die signifikant das richtige Ergebnis prädizierten. Der Status einer Universitätsklinik (p = 0,143), eine leitende Position der UrologInnen (p = 0,375) bzw. die jährliche Anzahl behandelter PeK-Patienten (p = 0,571) blieben hingegen ohne signifikanten Einfluss auf den Endpunkt.

Schlussfolgerung Unsere Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass sich deutschsprachige Klinik-UrologInnen der Häufigkeit einer gegenwärtigen HPV-Assoziation des PeK nur unzureichend bewusst sind.
Biomimetic Iodofunctionalization of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds Catalyzed by Selenium Tetrachloride
Authors: Rocha Beatriz C. O. , Perecim Givago P. , Raminelli Cristiano
Published: November 2019

A biomimetic iodofunctionalization of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds has been developed using NaI as a source of iodine and 30% H2O2 as a mild oxidant, as well as SeCl4 as a commercially available catalyst in water without a co-solvent. The method affords iodinated compounds in isolated yields of 37 to 99%. The catalytic system has potential for the bromination of aromatic substrates.
Base-Promoted Direct Synthesis of Sulfinates from N-Sulfonyl­hydrazones under Metal-Free Conditions
Authors: Ji Yuan-Zhao , Wu Qin-Xi , Li Hui-Jing , Luo Dong-Hui , Wu Yan-Chao
Published: November 2019

A base-promoted direct synthesis of sulfinates from N-sulfonylhydrazones is described. Various N-sulfonylhydrazones, derived from aldehydes and ketones, are converted into the corresponding sulfinates in moderate to good yields. This protocol possesses many advantages such as readily available and stable starting materials, broad substrate scope, and metal-free reaction conditions.
Spontaneous Remission of Sick Sinus Syndrome in a Fetus with Pulmonary Stenosis Regurgitation
Authors: Kajiwara Kazuhiro , Ishikawa Satoru , Mori Takuma , Samura Osamu , Okamoto Aikou
Published: November 2019

Objective Here, we report a case of fetal sick sinus syndrome (SSS) caused by pulmonary stenosis regurgitation (PSR) that spontaneously resolved during pregnancy.

Case Report A 29-year-old woman was referred to our hospital at 21 weeks of gestation for persistent fetal bradycardia. Fetal echocardiography revealed PSR and ventricular septal defect (VSD). The ventricular rate was 60 to 70 beats/minute with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction. Thus, congenital SSS owing to PSR was suspected. During pregnancy, fetal SSS spontaneously resolved at 28 weeks of gestation despite persistent PSR. The ventricular rate was increased to approximately 120 beats/minute with regular rhythm. A 2,390-g male neonate was delivered via Caesarean section at 38 weeks of gestation. Consequently, detailed echocardiography revealed PSR and VSD without SSS.

Conclusion Although fetal PSR can cause fetal SSS owing to immaturity at an earlier gestational age, SSS might be spontaneously resolved by fetal heart development as pregnancy progresses.
Dynamic Weight-bearing Magnetic Resonance in the Clinical Diagnosis of Internal Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Authors: Giannini Silvana , Chiogna Giorgio , Balzano Rosario Francesco , Guglielmi Giuseppe
Published: November 2019

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders can be painful and cause functional limitations and bone changes. Deeper clinical knowledge of the pathologies related to the TMJ has always been hindered by the difficult identification of the causes that limit its movement. Weight-bearing magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) can reproduce the articular movement in orthostasis and allows the evaluation of joint movement. WBMRI, compared with other procedures such as double-type condylography and real-time dynamic ultrasound, helps to better identify tissue characteristics of the articular glenoid-condylar surfaces, articular space, disk position on both the open and closed mouth, and the locoregional musculotendinous area. WBMRI also identifies the true position of the articular disk in orthostasis, emphasizing the different joint positions compared with the study carried out in a clinostatic (supine) position.
Tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Dupuytren en España
Authors: Cerveró Rafael Sanjuan , Herrero Diego Gómez , Parra Carlos Novoa , Molina Fernando Peña , Ferrando Nuria Franco
Published: November 2019

Objetivos Nuestro objetivo consiste en valorar la situación actual en España del tratamiento de la enfermedad de Dupuytren mediante una encuesta realizada a los cirujanos de mano españoles y compararla con una encuesta similar realizada en España antes de la comercialización de la colagenasa en Europa.

Material y Métodos Se remite una encuesta a los socios de la Sociedad Española de Cirugía de la Mano (SECMA) con 30 preguntas divididas en 4 bloques: aspectos demográficos, opinión general del tratamiento de la enfermedad de Dupuytren, casos clínicos y repercusión de la introducción de la colagenasa Clostridium Histolyticum en el tratamiento.

Resultados La tasa de respuesta fue del 38,2% sobre un total de 332 socios. La mayor parte de los participantes se consideró como cirujanos no noveles. La fasciectomía parcial es la técnica más frecuentemente utilizada (73% de los encuestados) y considerada de primera elección (61,9%) seguida por la colagenasa (23% y 31% respectivamente). Más de la mitad de los encuestados consideró que ha habido un cambio en el modo de afrontar la enfermedad de Dupuytren en los últimos 5 años. Con respecto a la colagenasa, actualmente el uso de los protocolos iniciales se ha abandonado, aunque el protocolo de tratamiento más habitual sigue siendo la administración de una dosis desechando el resto del vial.

Conclusiones Actualmente la fasciectomía parcial es la técnica preferida y más frecuentemente utilizada en la enfermedad de Dupuytren seguida de la colagenasa en España.
Monte Carlo simulations of ion channeling in crystals containing dislocations and randomly displaced atoms
Authors: Jozwik Przemyslaw , Nowicki Lech , Ratajczak Renata , Stonert Anna , Mieszczynski Cyprian , Turos Andrzej , Morawiec Krzysztof , Lorenz Katharina , Alves Eduardo
Published: November 2019

Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are a powerful tool for the analysis of ion-solid interactions. The MC code McChasy (Monte Carlo CHAnneling SYmulation) allows the evaluation of Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry spectra in the Channeling mode to quantify implantation damage. The code works on common personal computers and takes into account randomly displaced atoms as well as certain types of extended defects. In this paper, we report recent improvements of the McChasy code, including a unique approach to the calculation of impact parameters between ions and target atoms in three dimensions (along with computing thermal vibrations also in three dimensions). Furthermore, the use of a rotation matrix to provide different orientations of dislocation lines and an updated model of edge dislocations were also implemented in the code. Dislocation parameters are obtained directly from high-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy micrographs. Two case studies are presented to highlight the importance of these improvements: Ni-implanted Al was analyzed as an example of a crystal mainly containing dislocations; Er-implanted ZnO was studied, revealing the strength of MC analysis for materials containing a mixture of different defect types, namely, randomly displaced atoms and dislocations.
Space- and time-resolved UV-to-NIR surface spectroscopy and 2D nanoscopy at 1 MHz repetition rate
Authors: Huber Bernhard , Pres Sebastian , Wittmann Emanuel , Dietrich Lysanne , Lüttig Julian , Fersch Daniel , Krauss Enno , Friedrich Daniel , Kern Johannes , Lisinetskii Victor , Hensen Matthias , Hecht Bert , Bratschitsch Rudolf , Riedle Eberhard , Brixner Tobias
Published: November 2019

We describe a setup for time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy with aberration correction enabling 3 nm spatial resolution and sub-20 fs temporal resolution. The latter is realized by our development of a widely tunable (215–970 nm) noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) at 1 MHz repetition rate. We discuss several exemplary applications. Efficient photoemission from plasmonic Au nanoresonators is investigated with phase-coherent pulse pairs from an actively stabilized interferometer. More complex excitation fields are created with a liquid-crystal-based pulse shaper enabling amplitude and phase shaping of NOPA pulses with spectral components from 600 to 800 nm. With this system we demonstrate spectroscopy within a single plasmonic nanoslit resonator by spectral amplitude shaping and investigate the local field dynamics with coherent two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy at the nanometer length scale (“2D nanoscopy”). We show that the local response varies across a distance as small as 33 nm in our sample. Further, we report two-color pump–probe experiments using two independent NOPA beamlines. We extract local variations of the excited-state dynamics of a monolayered 2D material (WSe2) that we correlate with low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and reflectivity measurements. Finally, we demonstrate the in situ sample preparation capabilities for organic thin films and their characterization via spatially resolved electron diffraction and dark-field LEEM.
Misinformation spreading on correlated multiplex networks
Authors: Xian Jiajun , Yang Dan , Pan Liming , Wang Wei , Wang Zhen
Published: November 2019

The numerous expanding online social networks offer fast channels for misinformation spreading, which could have a serious impact on socioeconomic systems. Researchers across multiple areas have paid attention to this issue with a view of addressing it. However, no systematical theoretical study has been performed to date on observing misinformation spreading on correlated multiplex networks. In this study, we propose a multiplex network-based misinformation spreading model, considering the fact that each individual can obtain misinformation from multiple platforms. Subsequently, we develop a heterogeneous edge-based compartmental theory to comprehend the spreading dynamics of our proposed model. In addition, we establish an analytical method based on stability analysis to obtain the misinformation outbreak threshold. On the basis of these theories, we finally analyze the influence of different dynamical and structural parameters on the misinformation spreading dynamics. Results show that the misinformation outbreak size R(∞) grows continuously with the effective transmission probability β once β exceeds a certain value, that is, the outbreak threshold βc. Large average degrees, strong degree heterogeneity, or positive interlayer correlation will reduce βc, accelerating the outbreak of misinformation. Besides, increasing the degree heterogeneity or a more positive interlayer correlation will enlarge (reduce) R(∞) for small (large) values of β. Our systematic theoretical analysis results agree well with the numerical simulation results. Our proposed model and accurate theoretical analysis will serve as a useful framework to understand and predict the spreading dynamics of misinformation on multiplex networks and thereby pave the way to address this serious issue.
Quantitative analysis for the effects of internal flow on mass transfer processes inside rising bubbles
Authors: Li Xin , Chen Guanghui , Zhang Pan , Wang Weiwen , Li Jianlong
Published: November 2019

The mass transfer process inside bubbles is an important, but easily overlooked, component of the global mass transfer process. Bubble deformation influences the internal flow pattern and the mass transfer area. Furthermore, the internal flow impacts on the concentration distribution. This paper presents the results of a study on the mass transfer process inside bubbles and the interactions among the above factors using a computational fluid dynamics model. The accuracy of the model is verified by an experiment with a chromogenic reaction. Gas–interface mass transfer processes with and without internal flow are compared to show the positive effects of the shape change and the flow. A mass transfer enhancement factor, which is related to the concentration gradient and the mass transfer area, is presented to quantitatively analyze the effects. The results show that various internal flow patterns and concentration distributions can occur in different bubbles. The change in the average mass fraction and the average mass transfer coefficient of the process including internal flow are 2.8 times and 28.0% higher than those of the process without any internal flow. The enhancement factors are greater than 1.0, which indicates that a stronger internal flow intensifies the mass transfer process.
Correlation between electric field, current and photon emission in subsequent barrier corona microdischarges
Authors: Jahanbakhsh Sina , Hoder Tomáš , Brandenburg Ronny
Published: November 2019

We investigate single microdischarges (MDs) in a sinusoidally operated barrier corona discharge in air. For the voltage amplitude being applied, two subsequent MDs appear in the anodic pin half-cycle. The developments of these subsequent MDs were studied and presented in detail in a previous contribution [Jahanbakhsh et al., Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 27, 115011 (2018)]. In the present study, the reduced electric field strength (E/n) values of the MDs are determined. In addition, the current pulses are synchronized, with a subnanosecond time resolution, to the spatiotemporally resolved light emission and E/n development of the MDs. It is proposed that the current pulse derivative maximum corresponds to the streamer head arrival on the cathode surface. Therefore, the derivatives of the current pulses are used to synchronize the light emission and current measurements. Based on this synchronization, spatiotemporally resolved light emissions at different positions are compared to the averaged current pulses. Considering the observed correlations, it is proposed that after the arrival of the streamer head on the dielectric (cathode) surface and bulk plasma formation, the ionization processes near the dielectric surface are the dominant source of electron current production. The determination of the E/n is based on the analysis of the time-correlated single photon counting results for the molecular states of the first negative and the second positive systems of nitrogen. The E/n increases during the streamer propagation in the gap, reaching its maximum value at the impact of the streamer on the cathode. The E/n values for the second group MDs are lower only in the vicinity of the dielectric surface, which can be attributed to the positive residual surface charges from the first group MDs.
An updated applied formulation for the Goubau transmission line
Authors: Vaughn B. , Peroulis D.
Published: November 2019

The Goubau line is a unique transmission line that consists of only a single conductor. Its unique properties make it a solid candidate for low-loss RF propagation and wireless power transfer applications. However, the applied theory of this line that has been established thus far is missing key details of the line's characteristics. Namely, no discussion has been made on the Goubau line's ohmic current distribution or its effective characteristic impedance that would be used in RF/microwave circuit analysis scenarios. Furthermore, the method previously used to solve the waveguide mode is laborious and obsolete when considering current computational methods. In this work, an updated, efficient mode solution process for the Goubau line will be presented, and the current, loss, and characteristic impedance of the line will be discussed. Additionally, all other waveguide parameters such as wave velocity, guide wavelength, propagation constant, etc. will be investigated.
A lock-in amplifier modeling recovery method to extract the surface nuclear magnetic resonance signal from residual noise
Authors: Zhang Yang , Yu Zhenyang , Li Yue , Li Suhang , Lin Tingting
Published: November 2019

Surface nuclear magnetic resonance (SNMR) could provide direct insights for hydrological investigations but is often limited because of its low signal-to-noise ratio. Many types of residual noise remain after denoising procedures, including despiking, power harmonic noise cancellation, and random noise attenuation. This residual noise prevents the detection of valid signals, especially in strong noise environments, such as cities and industrial areas. In this work, a lock-in amplifier modeling recovery (LIAMR) method is proposed for extracting SNMR signals from high-level residual noise after denoising. The desired SNMR signals can be extracted directly by establishing a model of the SNMR signal passing through the lock-in amplifier and then transforming mathematically the output of the amplifier. The performance of the proposed method is tested on synthetic SNMR signals under varied average relaxation times, simulation noise at different levels, and field noise. Experiment results show that LIAMR can obtain good estimations of SNMR signal parameters with residual noise. Moreover, the proposed method can provide more precise parameters compared with traditional signal extraction methods. LIAMR provides theoretical support for the application of SNMR technology in strong noise environments.
A mechanism for anomalous transport in chiral active liquids
Authors: Liao Zhenghan , Han Ming , Fruchart Michel , Vitelli Vincenzo , Vaikuntanathan Suriyanarayanan
Published: November 2019

Chiral active fluids are known to have anomalous transport properties such as the so-called odd viscosity. In this paper, we provide a microscopic mechanism for how such anomalous transport coefficients can emerge. We construct an Irving-Kirkwood-type stress tensor for chiral liquids and express the transport coefficients in terms of orientation-averaged intermolecular forces and distortions of the pair correlation function induced by a flow field. We then show how anomalous transport properties can be expected naturally due to the presence of a transverse component in the orientation-averaged intermolecular forces and anomalous distortion modes of the pair correlation function between chiral active particles. We anticipate that our work can provide a microscopic framework to explain the transport properties of nonequilibrium chiral systems.
Photocurrents in GaN-based HEMTs: Theoretical model and experimental results
Authors: Zheng X. , Feng S. , Li X. , Zhang Y. , Bai K.
Published: November 2019

An experimentally validated model for persistent photocurrents (PPC) in GaN HEMTs has been presented, which can explain both the build-up and decay course. Compared to the popular stretched exponential fit, it employed parameters with a clear physical meaning and could give numerical solutions to predict and support the experimental results. In particular, the effect of the electric field on the photocurrents was found to be closely linked to the probability of the electron-hole recombination used in this model, which provides a way to study the influence of the electric field on PPC. This experimentally verified model with clear and meaningful parameters could be used to better understand the PPC in GaN-based HEMTs.
Saturated Raman scattering for sub-diffraction-limited imaging
Authors: Würthwein T. , Irwin N. , Fallnich C.
Published: November 2019

We present a scheme for a sub-diffraction-limited Raman microscope. The scheme combines the concept from stimulated depletion microscopy with femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering. The suppression of the Raman signal in a three-beam setup with only two involved wavelength-components was accomplished by the saturation of the Raman scattering. A reduction of the Raman signal of up to 79% could be measured with only a single Raman resonance involved. Based on this signal suppression, a resolution enhancement by a factor of 2 could be verified in a first proof-of-concept measurement, opening up a pathway toward label-free sub-diffraction-limited imaging.
Cobalt doping of bismuth ferrite for matched dielectric and magnetic loss
Authors: Zhang Min , Yang Hui-Jing , Li Yong , Cao Wen-Qiang , Fang Xiao-Yong , Yuan Jie , Cao Mao-Sheng
Published: November 2019

We get insight into the atomic-molecular evolution of crystal engineering on BiFeO3 (BFO). Doping a small amount of Co ions into BFO enables us to introduce more oxygen vacancies that transform the dipole configuration. This gives rise to a matched dielectric loss tan δe and the magnetic loss tan δm, as doping also induces a microstructure deformation with enhanced superexchange interaction. Using matched electromagnetic parameters, the electromagnetic energy absorption is dramatically improved with over 200% increments. The deep insight into the evolution principle broadens the horizon of manipulating the electromagnetic wave and energy flow to advance modern information technology.
How bacteria infiltrate edible leafy greens
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: November 2019

Researchers studied how water evaporation helps transport bacteria into leaves, and what other parameters play key roles in this transport.
Current and future direction of nitrogen fertiliser use in Australian grazing systems
Authors: Rawnsley R. P. , Smith A. P. , Christie K. M. , Harrison M. T. , Eckard R. J.
Published: November 2019

The nitrogen (N) nutrition of dairy pasture systems in southern Australia has changed from almost total dependence on legumes in the early 1990s through to almost complete reliance on N fertiliser today. Although some tactical N fertiliser is applied to sheep and beef pastures to boost late winter growth, most N fertiliser usage on pastures remains with the dairy industry. Intensification of the farming system, through increased stocking rates and a greater reliance on N fertiliser, has increased N loading, leading to higher potential N losses through volatilisation, leaching and denitrification. With increasing focus on the environmental impact of livestock production, reducing N loading on dairy farms will become increasingly important to the longer-term sustainability of the dairy industry, possibly with the expectation that Australia will join most of the developed countries in regulating N loading in catchments. This paper examines N usage in modern pasture-based dairy systems, the N cycle and loss pathways, and summarises a series of recent modelling studies and component research, investigating options for improving N use efficiency (NUE) and reducing whole-farm N balance. These studies demonstrate that the application of revised practices has the potential to improve NUE, with increasing sophistication of precision technologies playing an important role. This paper discusses the challenge of sustainably intensifying grazing systems with regard to N loading and what approaches exist now or have the potential to decouple the link between production, fertiliser use and environmental impact.
Role of foliage component and host age on severity of Alternaria leaf spot (caused by Alternaria japonica and A. brassicae) in canola (Brassica napus) and mustard (B. juncea) and yield loss in canola
Authors: Al-lami H. F. D. , You M. P. , Barbetti M. J.
Published: November 2019

Studies were undertaken under controlled conditions into the effects of different foliage components (cotyledon, first, second and third leaf) at three plant ages (3, 5 and 7 weeks old) on development of Alternaria leaf spot disease, caused by Alternaria japonica or A. brassicae, in canola (Brassica napus cv. Thunder TT) and mustard (B. juncea cv. Dune). Alternaria japonica generally showed percentage disease index (%DI) values similar to A. brassicae across the two Brassica species, different foliage components and plant ages. %DI from either pathogen was greater in older plants than younger plants for the same foliage components in both cultivars. Field studies were then undertaken with canola to compare disease development from A. japonica and A. brassicae across different plant components (leaf, pod and stem) and the consequent adverse impact on seed yield. Alternaria japonica was more severe in terms of leaf area diseased (%LAD 62.6) and stem area diseased (%SAD 69.8) than pod area diseased (%PAD 25.5), whereas A. brassicae was more severe on leaves (%LAD 61.9) than on pods (%PAD 47.4) or stems (%SAD 41.0). Stem disease incidence was greater for A. japonica (%SDI 94.0) than for A. brassicae (%SDI 56.5), but pod disease incidence was greater for A. brassicae (%PDI 93.5) than for A. japonica (%PDI 86.1). For A. japonica, AUDPC values of leaf disease incidence (LDI, 283.5), leaf area diseased (LAD, 253.3) and leaf collapse (LCI, 149.5) resulted in a yield loss of 58.1%, similar to A. brassicae, where AUDPC values of LDI (277.8), LAD (247.2) and LCI (111.0) caused a yield loss of 59.4%. These findings explain observed acceleration of Alternaria leaf spot severity from A. japonica, as from A. brassicae, through the growing season as plants become more susceptible with increasing age, and as more susceptible, later developing leaves become abundant. For the first time, we demonstrate that under conducive field conditions for disease development, A. japonica can cause serious seed-yield losses of a magnitude similar to those occurring with A. brassicae.
Time of first polar body extrusion affects the developmental competence of equine oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Authors: Rodríguez María Belén , Gambini Andrés , Clérico Gabriel , Ynsaurralde-Rivolta Amada Eugenia , Briski Olinda , Largel Hernan , Sansinena Marina , Salamone Daniel F.
Published: November 2019

Assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs) have become widespread in the equine breeding industry. In particular, the combination of oocyte recovery from live mares followed by IVM and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has increased markedly among the ARTs used with valuable or low-fertility animals. There is currently no consensus among research groups regarding the optimal oocyte maturation period to produce high-quality embryos. In this study, we report the maturation dynamics of equine oocytes at different time points, from 20 to 40h (Experiment 1). In addition, in Experiment 2, equine ICSI blastocysts were produced from oocytes that exhibited early (up to 24h) or late (28–30h) extrusion of the first polar body (PB). Blastocyst rates and diameter were recorded and embryo quality was assessed by analysing the number of apoptotic cells and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression. By 20h of IVM, 42% of oocytes were mature, and the remaining oocytes matured within the next 17h of IVM. Although no differences were found in cell apoptosis or the number of YAP1-positive cells between groups exhibiting early and late PB extrusion, embryos from the early group (Group I) exhibited an improved total cell number and blastocyst rate compared to embryos from the late group (Group II) (18.60% vs 10.17% respectively).
Holographic signatures of resolved cosmological singularities II: numerical investigations
Authors: Bodendorfer Norbert , Mele Fabio M , Münch Johannes
Published: November 2019

A common strategy to investigate the fate of gravitational singularities in asymptotically AdS spacetimes is to translate the question from the gravitational side to a dual field theory using the gauge/gravity correspondence and to do a field theory computation. Given recent progress in singularity resolution via non-perturbative quantum gravity, it is natural to now turn the question around and to ask about field theory signatures of resolved singularities. An investigation along this line has been initiated in a companion paper, where a finite-distance pole exhibited by the two-point correlator in the dual field theory, which has previously been linked directly to the gravitational bulk singularity, has been resolved in this way. In order to perform analytic computations, some simplifications were necessary. In this paper, we lift these restrictions by tackling the problem numerically. Our analysis shows that the pole in the two-point correlator gets resolved in the same manner as before.
Soft-magnetic coatings as possible sensors for magnetic imaging of superconductors
Authors: Ionescu A M , Simmendinger J , Bihler M , Miksch C , Fischer P , Soltan S , Schütz G , Albrecht J
Published: November 2019

Magnetic imaging of superconductors typically requires a soft-magnetic material placed on top of the superconductor to probe local magnetic fields. For reasonable results the influence of the magnet onto the superconductor has to be small. Thin YBCO films with soft-magnetic coatings are investigated using SQUID magnetometry. Detailed measurements of the magnetic moment as a function of temperature, magnetic field and time have been performed for different heterostructures. It is found that the modification of the superconducting transport in these heterostructures strongly depends on the magnetic and structural properties of the soft-magnetic material. This effect is especially pronounced for an inhomogeneous coating consisting of ferromagnetic nanoparticles.
Evaluation Maturity Level IT Risk Management of Metatrader Software Using Risk IT Framework With Domain Risk Governance (RG)
Authors: Dhaniawaty R P
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which companies anticipate and reduce information technology risks that will occur, it is necessary to evaluate information technology risk management. The method used in this study was evaluating information technology risk management is the Domain Risk Governance (RG) contained in the IT Risk Framework. The evaluation process using this framework and domain is that it can measure the level of company maturity in carrying out information technology risk management. The results of this study are companies knowing the level of maturity in implementing IT risk management at level 2 (recurring) and level 3 (defined), knowing the GAP between the current level of maturity with the target level of maturity and can increase the current level of maturity to achieve the target level it is desirable to use the recommendations given. So companies can compete with competitors in providing services, ensuring that IT risk management activities are aligned with company objectives, reducing losses in the IT implementation process, integrating IT risk strategies with business strategy risk decisions, and ensuring that decisions are made according to company objectives based on opportunities and the consequences that have been made.
Comparison of document similarity measurements in scientific writing using Jaro-Winkler Distance method and Paragraph Vector method
Authors: Cahyono S C
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to study the methods of measuring the similarity of documents and tell us which is the most suitable for Indonesian Scientific Writing. This research method used was Jaro-Winkler Distance as method. Jaro-Winkler is a method that calculates the distance between strings and then measures the similarity. Doc2Vec (Paragraph Vector) is a method that aims to represent documents in vector form for comparison with the machine learning process. The results of this study compare the results of plagiarism detection between the Jaro-Winkler Distance method and the Doc2Vec method. The best measurement comparison method used is the accuracy of the comparison of documents and their speed. Using the dataset created, Doc2Vec outperformed the Jaro-Winkler Distance algorithm in comparing document similarities. Therefore, the development of a document similarity method will be easier in the future by using Doc2Vec (Paragraph Vector) in Indonesian scientific works.
Coordinated organization of mitochondrial lamellar cristae and gain of COX function during mitochondrial maturation in Drosophila
Authors: Jiang Yi-fan , Lin Hsiang-ling , Wang Li-jie , Hsu Tian , Fu Chi-yu
Published: November 2019

Lamellar cristae organize with the gain of COX function during mitochondrial maturation. Cristae membrane morphogenesis and the acquisition of function are intricately associated during mitochondrial development.
Accurate detection of short and long active ORFs using Ribo-seq data
Authors: Choudhary Saket , Li Wenzheng , D. Smith Andrew
Published: November 2019

Motivation

Ribo-seq, a technique for deep-sequencing ribosome-protected mRNA fragments, has enabled transcriptome-wide monitoring of translation in vivo. It has opened avenues for re-evaluating the coding potential of open reading frames (ORFs), including many short ORFs that were previously presumed to be non-translating. However, the detection of translating ORFs, specifically short ORFs, from Ribo-seq data, remains challenging due to its high heterogeneity and noise.

Results

We present ribotricer, a method for detecting actively translating ORFs by directly leveraging the three-nucleotide periodicity of Ribo-seq data. Ribotricer demonstrates higher accuracy and robustness compared with other methods at detecting actively translating ORFs including short ORFs on multiple published datasets across species inclusive of Arabidopsis, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, human, mouse, rat, yeast and zebrafish.

Availability and implementation

Ribotricer is available at https://github.com/smithlabcode/ribotricer. All analysis scripts and results are available at https://github.com/smithlabcode/ribotricer-results.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.