bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diosmin, a citrus fruit-derived phlebotonic bioflavonoid protects rats from chronic kidney disease-induced loss of bone mass and strength without deteriorating the renal function
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Porwal Konica , Kulkarni Chirag , Pal Subhashis , Sihota Praveer , Kumar Saroj , Tiwari Mahesh Chandra , Katekar Roshan , Kumar Ashish , Singh Priya , Rajput Swati , Guha Rajdeep , Kumar Navin , Gayen Jiaur R. , Chattopadhyay Naibedya
Published: January 2022

Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline has recommended treatment decisions for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with osteoporosis and/or high risk of fracture.
Oxygen-implanted MoS2 nanosheets promoting quinoline synthesis from nitroarenes and aliphatic alcohols via an integrated oxidation transfer hydrogenation–cyclization mechanism
Authors: Zhang Chaofeng , Gao Zhuyan , Ren Puning , Lu Jianmin , Huang Zhipeng , Su Kaiyi , Zhang Shichao , Mu Junju , Wang Feng
Published: January 2022

We herein report that MoS2 with oxygen-implanting modification (O-MoS2) can work as a multifunctional catalyst to achieve the one-pot quinoline synthesis from basic nitroarenes and aliphatic alcohols.
Efficient conversion of bio-renewable citric acid to high-value carboxylic acids on stable solid catalysts
Authors: Li Zhaowei , Wen Xin , Liu Haichao
Published: January 2022

Highly stable and efficient catalysts were developed for the conversion of citric acidviathe same intermediate of aconitic acid, to high-value carboxylic acids, itaconic acid, 2-methylsuccinic acid and tricarballylic acid, without any additives.
On-site separation of arsenic species using a sorbent C18 column modified with APDC followed by ICP-MS determination
Authors: Krasnodębska-Ostręga B. , Drwal A. , Biaduń E. , Kowalska J.
Published: January 2022

No changes of arsenic speciation after sampling and fast ICP MS determination.
Exploring flowery MnO2/Ag nanocomposite as an efficient solar-light-driven photocatalyst
Authors: Samanta Arnab , Pal Samir Kumar , Jana Subhra
Published: January 2022

An efficient approach was developed to boost the solar light driven photocatalytic efficacy of pristine flowery MnO2 NCs through the immobilization of Ag NPs, which in turn produces MnO2/Ag NCs.
Two porous three-dimensional (3D) metal–organic frameworks based on diverse metal clusters: selective sensing of Fe3+ and Cr2O72−
Authors: Yan Yang-Tian , Wu Yun-long , Zheng Li-Na , Wei-Cai  , Tang Peng-Fei , Wu Wei-Ping , Zhang Wen-Yan , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: January 2022

Using a rigid 3,5-di(2′,5′-dicarboxylphenyl)benzoic acid, two porous 3D MOFs have been synthesized and characterized, and the luminescent properties have been studied.
CRISPR-dCas9 based DNA detection scheme for diagnostics in resource-limited settings
Authors: Bengtson Michel , Bharadwaj Mitasha , Franch Oskar , van der Torre Jaco , Meerdink Veronique , Schallig Henk , Dekker Cees
Published: January 2022

Nucleic-acid detection is crucial for basic research as well as for applications in medicine such as diagnostics.
Norbornane-based covalent organic frameworks for gas separation
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Abdulhamid Mahmoud A. , Dinga Wonanke A. D. , Addicoat Matthew A. , Szekely Gyorgy
Published: January 2022

W-shaped diamines prepared by catalytic arene–norbornene annulation and their employment in the synthesis of novel β-ketoenamine-linked norbornane-based covalent organic frameworks for CO2/N2 and CH4/N2 separation.
(±)-Corysaxicolaine A: a pair of antitumor enantiomeric alkaloid dimers from Corydalis saxicola
Authors: Qin Feng , Dai Lumei , Zhang Bin , Huang Rizhen , Wang Fanfan , Qin Jiangke , Liang Dong , Wang Hengshan
Published: January 2022

We report the details of the isolation, structural elucidation, chiral resolution, plausible biogenetic pathway and antitumor activity of (±)-corysaxicolaine A (1).
Regioselective synthesis of 6-nitroindole derivatives from enaminones and nitroaromatic compounds via transition metal-free C–C and C–N bond formation
Authors: Ge Danhua , Sun Li-Wen , Yu Zi-Lun , Luo Xin-Long , Xu Pei , Shen Zhi-Liang
Published: January 2022

A simple and practical Cs2CO3-promoted method for the synthesis of 6-nitroindole derivatives from enaminones and nitroaromatic compounds has been developed.
Polymer-based non-viral vectors for gene therapy in the skin
Authors: Tortajada Luz , Felip-León Carles , Vicent María J.
Published: January 2022

Gene therapy has emerged as a technique with the potential to treat human diseases; however, examples of the topical application of gene therapy as treatment for skin diseases remain scarce due to difficulties associated with the nature of the skin.
Highly dispersed NiS2 quantum dots as a promising cocatalyst bridged by acetylene black significantly improved the photocatalytic H2 evolution performance of g-C3N4 nanosheets
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Pan Qilin , Xiao Mucang , Xiong Jianwen
Published: January 2022

We have successfully designed and synthesised a series of binary and ternary photocatalysts without noble metal cocatalysts for H2 generation by dispersing NiS2 and acetylene black nanoparticles on ultra-thin g-C3N4 nanosheets.
Enhancement of triboelectricity based on fully organic composite films with a conducting polymer
Authors: Chung Moon Hyun , Kim Hyun-Jun , Yoo Seunghwan , Jeong Hakgeun , Yoo Kyung-Hwa
Published: January 2022

Composites were prepared by blending PVDF-TrFE/PEDOT:PSS (weight ratio: 0–60%). The ferroelectric characteristics of PVDF-TrFE can be enhanced by adding PEDOT:PSS.
Novel synthesis of a self-healing Ce based eco-friendly sealing coating to mitigate corrosion in insulators installed in industrial regions
Authors: Sanyal Simpy , Kim Taeyong , Rabelo Matheus , Pham Duy Phong , Yi Junsin
Published: January 2022

Overcoming hardware corrosion for high voltage insulators is a vital issue to prevent the sudden breakdown of insulators.
Study on the applicability of pressurized physically activated carbon as an adsorbent in adsorption heat pumps
Authors: Yi Hyeonseok , Nakabayashi Koji , Yoon Seong-Ho , Miyawaki Jin
Published: January 2022

Thanks to the large number of pressurization-induced pores of appropriate size and the high bulk density, the pressurized physically activated carbon showed much higher effective ethanol uptake than chemically activated carbon.
Probing the mechanism of the conversion of methyl levulinate into γ-valerolactone catalyzed by Al(OiPr)3 in an alcohol solvent: a DFT study
Authors: Ju Zhaoyang , Feng Shaokeng , Ren Lanhui , Lei Tingyu , Cheng Haixiang , Yu Mengting , Ge Chengsheng
Published: January 2022

The reaction mechanism of the conversion of methyl levulinate (ML) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) catalyzed by Al(OiPr)3 has been probed using DFT calculations.
Rh2(ii)-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular Büchner reaction and aromatic substitution of donor–donor carbenes
Authors: Zhu Dong , Cao Tongxiang , Chen Kai , Zhu Shifa
Published: January 2022

The chiral dirhodium(ii) tetracarboxylate-catalyzed enantioselective intramolecular Büchner reaction and aromatic substitution of donor/donor-carbenes were reported and a series of valuable chiral polycyclic products were synthesized.
Esterification of 1-hexene and acetic acid catalyzed by a modified resin with a Lewis acid
Authors: Xue Xiaoyan , Sun Yan , Sun Qiwen , Bao Weiren , Zhang Zongsen , Chang Liping , Wang Jiancheng , Xie KeChang
Published: January 2022

1-Methylpentyl acetate was synthesized by direct esterification between 1-hexene and acetic acid using modified resin catalysts, and Zn0.8/A15 showed excellent catalytic activity.
Towards an integrative understanding of cancer mechanobiology: calcium, YAP, and microRNA under biophysical forces
Authors: Liang Chenyu , Huang Miao , Li Tianqi , Li Lu , Sussman Hayley , Dai Yao , Siemann Dietmar W. , Xie Mingyi , Tang Xin
Published: January 2022

Increasingly the significant roles of the interplay between tissue microenvironmental mechanics and cellular biochemical activities during tumor progression have been demonstrated, providing insights into the development of novel cancer therapies.
Molecular dynamics study of oxygen-ion diffusion in yttria-stabilized zirconia grain boundaries
Authors: Madrid Madrid Jose Carlos , Matsuda Junko , Leonard Kwati , Matsumoto Hiroshige , Ghuman Kulbir Kaur
Published: January 2022

This work focuses on understanding the oxygen-ion transport through the mixed Grain Boundaries (GBs) present in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), a common solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) electrolyte.
Concentrated polymer brush-modified cellulose nanofibers promote chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by controlling self-assembly
Authors: Nonsuwan Punnida , Nishijima Nanami , Sakakibara Keita , Nakaji-Hirabayashi Tadashi , Yoshikawa Chiaki
Published: January 2022

A new three-dimensional cell culture system for articular cartilage regeneration was developed, in which concentrated polymer brush-modified cellulose nanofibers were utilized as building blocks for the self-assembly of human mesenchymal stem cells.
Novel A-π-D-π-A-type BODIPY dyads as small-molecule donors for solution-processed organic solar cells
Authors: Xie Bao , Yin Lunxiang , Fan Junmei , Liu Chang , Li Yanqin
Published: January 2022

Two novel narrow-bandgap A-π-D-π-A-type BODIPY dyes were synthesizedviaa one-step Stille reaction with “D-π” segment at the β-site of BODIPY unit, where CTBDP-based device gave an impressive PCE of 5.85% with an excellentJscof 17.70 mA cm−2.
Tuneable optical gain and broadband lasing driven in electrospun polymer fibers by high dye concentration
Authors: Morello Giovanni , Moffa Maria , Montinaro Martina , Albanese Annachiara , Kazlauskas Karolis , Jursenas Saulius , Tomkeviciene Ausra , Grazulevicius Juozas V. , Camposeo Andrea , Pisignano Dario
Published: January 2022

Electrospun polystyrene fibers doped with a blue emitting dye across a broad range of concentration show high and tunable optical gain, reaching broadband lasing action by disordered network configurations.
Bifunctional color-tuning luminescent Ln@Zr-MOFs for white LEDs and sensitive, ultrafast detection of nitrobenzene in aqueous media
Authors: Cao Mengmeng , Xia Chao , Liu Yunpeng , Xia Jinfeng , Jiang Danyu , Zhou Guohong , Xuan Tongtong , Li Huili
Published: January 2022

Sensitive and rapid detection of nitrobenzene in aqueous media using a fluorescent Eu@Zr-MOF.
The surprising effects of sulfur: achieving long excited-state lifetimes in heteroleptic copper(i) emitters
Authors: Nohara Isaak , Wegeberg Christina , Devereux Mike , Prescimone Alessandro , Housecroft Catherine E. , Constable Edwin C.
Published: January 2022

The impact of the different chalcogens on the photophysical properties of [Cu(phen)(P^P)]+complexes in which phen has MeO or MeS groups in the 2,9-, 3,8- or 4,7-positions is described.
Spin-gapless semiconducting Cl-intercalated phosphorene bilayer: a perfect candidate material to identify its ferroelectric states by spin-Seebeck currents
Authors: Wu Dan-Dan , Ji Yu-Tian , Du Gui-Fang , Yue Xiao-Yu , Wang Yi-Yan , Li Qiu-Ju , Sun Xue-Feng , Fu Hua-Hua
Published: January 2022

Two-dimensional multiferroic materials, combining the ferroelectric (FE) state with the ferromagnetic (FM) state, have long been regarded as one of the core topics in materials science.
A benchmark study of aromaticity indexes for benzene, pyridine and the diazines – I. Ground state aromaticity
Authors: Pedersen Jacob , Mikkelsen Kurt V.
Published: January 2022

Five different aromaticity indexes are benchmarked for benzene, pyridine and the diazines in their ground states.
Influence of geometry and operation conditions on the surface charge characteristics of DC‐GIL spacer
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Zhang Guangkuo , Lin Xin
Published: January 2022

The surface charge characteristics of a ±200 kV gas‐insulated transmission lines spacer are studied to understand the influence of geometry, ion transportation, applied voltage, and gas pressure on the surface charge distribution. The simulation result indicates that the geometry simplification would affect the surface charge distribution. A millimeter‐level protrusion on the spacer causes an increase of 20 μC m−2 in charge density. A difference of 10 μC m−2 is found between the simulations based on the measured and calculated ion mobility. Moreover, it is found that the identical surface charge distribution cannot be achieved with the downsized model based on the identity of field strength, since ion transportation is affected by the scaling of geometry. The influence of gas pressure on the ion migration results in an initial excitation to the field variation, which further promotes the variation of surface charge via the dominative bulk conduction. Thus, with increasing pressure from 0.3 to 0.6 MPa, an increase of 8.4 μC m−2 is found on the convex surface, while a decrease of 5.5 μC m−2 is found on the concave surface. This investigation would be helpful for the simulation and experiment concerning the surface charge characteristics of spacers.
Model predictive duty cycle control for three‐phase Vienna rectifiers
Authors: Xu Bo , Liu Kaipei , Ran Xiaohong , Huai Qing
Published: January 2022

The Vienna rectifiers are widely used in industrial applications. The computationally efficient optimal switching sequence model predictive control directly optimizes the switching sequences. Thus, it requires to store the switching states of 25 voltage vectors, which increases the memory usage. Moreover, the neutral‐point (NP) voltage is regulated by redundant vector preselection. As only one redundant vector is applied during the whole sampling period, the NP voltage ripple is relatively large, and the grid current performance is still not satisfactory. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper proposes a model predictive duty cycle control strategy for three‐phase Vienna rectifiers, which directly optimizes three‐phase duty cycles. The three‐phase duty cycles are first obtained by predicting the effects of three‐phase duty cycles on instantaneous current variations and minimizing a cost function. To guarantee the grid current performance, a novel three‐phase duty cycles modification method is proposed by considering the structural characteristics of the Vienna rectifier. To suppress the NP voltage ripple, the obtained three‐phase duty cycles are further optimized. With the proposed method, low memory usage, low harmonic distortion in the grid current, and low NP voltage ripple are achieved simultaneously. Experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Molecular and morphological traits of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. in the south of Russia
Authors: Dubina Elena , Nartymov Dmitry , Ruban Margarita , Aniskina Yuliya
Published: January 2022

Based on molecular genetic approaches, a study of the biodiversity of the phytopathogenic fungus Pyricularia oryzae Cav. was carried out in the south of Russia, the classification of morphological and cultural traits of the pathogen was carried out. In 2020, monitoring was carried out and 9 strains of the pathogen were isolated from the affected herbarium material collected from the fields of five ecological rice-growing zones of Krasnodar region (Krasnoarmeisky, Kalininsky, Abinsky, Slavyansky districts, Krasnodar). Using a multiplex PCR system based on fragment analysis, among the studied strains of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. 5 genotypes were identified in 2020, each of which is was characterized by a unique genetic profile. Their «DNA-passports» have been compiled. The studied isolates of the blast pathogen were characterized by morphological and cultural traits. 6 morphotypes of the pathogen were identified. Classification of the pathogen by morphological, cultural and genetic traits will allow obtaining scientifically grounded and comparable data that can be used in the analysis of the interaction of blast strains with rice plants on different varieties and in different agro-technological conditions in order to improve and rationalize agricultural activities. In addition, the studied approaches open up the possibility of using data in breeding, allowing the identification of pathogen forms that infect certain varieties.
New Promising Varieties of Spring Hard Wheat as the Best Raw Material for Pasta Production
Authors: Zhiganova Elena , Sadigova Madina , Smirnova Ksenia
Published: January 2022

Pasta is the most demanded product on the market, although Russia is not the world’s leader in per capita consumption. This is due to the fact that the main raw material for pasta products (up to 80 %) is bakery flour. For production of pasta all over the world, durum wheat grains are used, which have distinctive characteristics from soft wheat. These include: grain nature not less than 800 g/l, glassiness of 80 %, protein content of 15 %, IDK 4.5 units by device (Glutograph-E Brabender), color index by Minolta device is 22 cu. For more than a century, Saratov breeders have been creating durum wheat varieties with high technological potential. This article discusses new varieties of the laboratory for selection and seed production of spring durum wheat of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of South-East: Luch 25, Pamyati Vasilchuka and Tamara - varieties that are promising for use in pasta production as raw materials that meet high international quality standards.
Impact of Vaccination on the World Epizootic Situation Plague of Small Ruminants
Authors: Padilo Larisa , Agoltsov Valery , Biryukova Oksana
Published: January 2022

According to OIE and FAO data in 2009-2019, there have been 2,884 outbreaks of plague of small ruminants (PPR) worldwide, mainly in Africa and Asia. Mortality from this pathology reaches 100 %. The economic damage caused by this disease to animal husbandry consists of a mass mortality, a decrease in the productivity of sick animals and the cost of quarantine measures in a disadvantaged area. Cartographic analysis showed that the highest concentration of PPR outbreaks for the indicated period was observed in five main regions. Northwest Africa (includes Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia); The Black Sea coast of Bulgaria; Eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea (Israel); People’s Republic of Bangladesh; Southern, Southeastern and Eastern parts of the People’s Republic of China. Outbreaks with the largest number of dead animals were concentrated mainly in Bangladesh and China. Outbreaks with the largest number of dead animals were concentrated mainly in Bangladesh and China, where vaccinations have not been carried out in recent years. The study of the correlation between the PPR incidence rate and the number of animals immunized in the most disadvantaged states found only modest reductions in incidence as a result of vaccination campaigns. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was - 0.13 for Algeria, - 0.19 for Bangladesh and - 0.33 for Israel, which appears to be due to the small scale of vaccination campaigns. The obtained results of the epizootic analysis by PPR indicate insufficient coverage of animals susceptible to the pathogen by vaccination and a greater likelihood of new outbreaks of the disease not only in disadvantaged countries, but also the spread of infection in new territories.
PCR-RFLP analysis of rbcL chloroplast gene
Authors: Sheikina Olga
Published: January 2022

To identify intergeneric, interspecific, and intraspecific polymorphisms, PCR-RFLP studies of the chloroplast rbcL gene profiles were carried out using five restriction endonucleases (AluI, HpaII, BsuRI, BstHHI, BstMBI) in 14 species belonging to 6 different genera and 7 Thuja occidentalis cultivars. For all the genera studied (Pinus sp., Abies sp., Picea sp., Microbiota sp., Syringa sp., Thuja sp.), A genus-specific restriction profile characterized by a unique combination of restriction DNA fragments was revealed. The combination of enzymes used in the study did not reveal the interspecies and intraspecific variability of the rbcL gene. Species belonging to the same genus and all varieties of western thuja were characterized by identical PCR-RFLP profiles. It is assumed that further research, with the inclusion of a larger number of species and enzymes, will reveal polymorphism at the interspecies and intraspecific levels.
Growing of the containerized seedlings of english oak (Quercus robur L.) to establish sustainable plantations on wooded and reclaimed lands
Authors: Romanov Evgeny , Krasnov Vitaly , Segeev Roman
Published: January 2022

The topical issues for elaboration of new approaches to grow English oak seedlings with the purpose to establish sustainable plantations on wooded and reclaimed lands are considered in the article. The goal of the research is to elaborate a technology for growing the containerized seedlings of English oak. An integrated assessment of the variants of the experiment (growing of seedlings in Hiko and Plantek containers with various volumes of cells) was made by a number of factors: а) plant growth intensity; b) number of seedlings from a unit of area; c) stability of rootball; d) cultivation cost for a plant; e) establishment of plants in the first and second years of growth on a site. Then by G. F. Lakin method, a distribution series was composed where the place of each variant of the experiment (cell volume) was matched to the indicator value. Depending on the place in the distribution series, each variant was given a certain point. The sum of points for each cell volume was divided into maximum possible point (number of indices, multiplied by number of variants) and obtained a weighted average point of the influence of cell volume on the final growth index in a greenhouse and on a site. Based on the research results, a new way of acorn sowing in the containers was offered. It is recommended that the acorns to be planted in a container with a pointed end up and to be embedded at a depth of 1.0 сm from the top of the substrate. It makes it possible to form physiologically active roots of the second and third orders from the top to the bottom of the container cell, to enhance the stability of rootball.
Using Public-Private Partnership Tools to Reduce the Negative Environmental Impact of Meat Processing Plants
Authors: Vorotnikov Igor , Kolotyrin Konstantin , Petrov Konstantin
Published: January 2022

The issues of reducing the negative environmental impact of meat processing enterprises on the environment are considered. Various types of pollution are analyzed, and the most dangerous sources of pollution are identified. On the basis of the studied references, it is concluded that the solution of the problems of environmental pollution by meat processing enterprises is possible only if economic conditions are created that make environmental projects in the studied sphere of production profitable from an economic point of view. Introduction of modern technologies for processing of raw meat requires significant costs and motivation of all participants associated with production of meat products. In order to solve the problems listed above, it is offered to use tools of public-private partnership in the meat industry in implementation of environmental projects. Particular emphasis is placed on encouraging private investors from the state to reduce the environmental burden on the environment on the basis of various preferential programs and subsidies. The offered instruments of public-private partnership made it possible to achieve an optimal combination between the environmental and economic interests of all participants in the environmental protection process. It is offered to use various forms, such as concession, delegation of management, concession, and etc. as instruments of public-private partnership. It is noted that use of public-private partnerships in projects for environmental protection in the meat processing industry will minimize environmental risks, as well as reduce risks for investors. Use of public-private partnerships will also allow attracting additional sources of financing, ensuring information accessibility of production technologies and motivating meat processors to introduce resource-saving production technologies, which will ultimately affect environmental well-being.
Research on fire source localization in confined space based on the fire characteristic physical quantity information
Authors: Yang Fan , Cai Zhuoyuan , Su Lei , Xue Yongduan , Shen Yu , Wang Junjie
Published: January 2022

Fire source localization is of great significance to the firefighting and evacuation. In order to resolve the problem of precise localization of fire source in confined space, a method based on the diffusion law of hot smoke flow in the early stage of fire is proposed in this paper. According to the fire characteristic physical quantity information collected by the sensor array, the relative variability correlation degree is used to obtain the signal time delays between the sensor units. Then, the direction angle of the sensor units and fire source can be determined through the geometric relationship, and the angular localization principle is used to obtain the fire source localization results. Finally, according to the fire source localization results obtained in different sets of time delays, the localization estimation area is selected based on the dynamic clustering, and the center of this area is output as the comprehensive localization result. The testing results show that this method performs well and achieves a high localization accuracy.
Postisometrische Relaxation – Technik und
Evidenz
Authors: Andes Melanie
Published: January 2022

Kurz, lang, sanft oder schmerzhaft: Es gibt viele verschiedene Dehntechniken. Sie
unterscheiden sich in Intensität, Dauer oder Wiederholungen. Die
Postisometrische Relaxation gehört zu den passiv-statischen
Dehnmethoden. Sie ist eine beliebte und oft genutzte Dehntechnik in Sport und
Therapie. Doch wie sieht es eigentlich mit dem aktuellen Stand der Forschung
aus?
The Diagnostic Utility of Growth Ultrasound for the Indication of Maternal Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Sakowicz Allie , Grobman William A. , Miller Emily S.
Published: January 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serial growth ultrasounds for the indication of maternal overweight or obesity.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all women with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 who underwent at least one growth ultrasound at ≥24 weeks gestation and delivered at a single tertiary care institution between January 2010 and December 2013. Women were excluded if they had other medical indications for growth ultrasounds. Ultrasounds were divided into three gestational age epochs: 24 to 316/7 weeks, 32 to 356/7 weeks, and ≥36 weeks. Outcomes examined included the accuracy of sonographic detection of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and fetal overgrowth compared with diagnoses of small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) based on the birth weight. The test characteristics of ultrasound and the number needed to screen (NNS) to detect growth abnormalities at the time of birth were estimated for each condition and gestational age epoch. The NNS for the detection of fluid abnormalities was also assessed.

Results During the study period, 3,945 eligible sonograms were performed in 2,928 women. FGR was identified on ultrasound in 42 (1.4%) women, fetal overgrowth in 94 (3.2%) women, oligohydramnios in 35 (1.2%) women, and hydramnios in 41 (1.4%) women. The NNS for the diagnoses of SGA, LGA, oligohydramnios, and hydramnios at delivery was at least 137 prior to 32 weeks of gestation and decreased (i.e., at least 45 and 16, for 32 to 356/7 weeks and ≥36 weeks, respectively) with advancing gestational age epochs.

Conclusion If growth ultrasounds are to be performed for the sole indication of maternal overweight or obesity, consideration should be given to delaying initiation until at least 32 weeks of gestation given the infrequency of growth and fluid abnormalities identified earlier.

Key Points
Impact of Fibrinogen Infusion on Thrombin Generation and Fibrin Clot Structure in Patients with Inherited Afibrinogenemia
Authors: Khayat Claudia , Marchi Rita , Durual Stéphane , Lecompte Thomas , Neerman-Arbez Marguerite , Casini Alessandro
Published: January 2022

Introduction Inherited afibrinogenemia is a very rare disease characterized by complete absence of fibrinogen in the circulation and an increased risk in both thrombosis and bleeding. Infusion of fibrinogen concentrate (FC) is the main approach for prevention and management of bleeding; however, it has been reported to carry a thrombotic risk.

Methods We investigated the impact of a standard dose (40–100 mg/kg) of FC infusion on the thrombin generation (TG) parameters and the fibrin clot structure formed in plasma samples of patients with afibrinogenemia. Blood samples were collected from 20 patients before (T0) and 1 hour after infusion of FC (T1). TG was studied with calibrated automated thrombography. Fibrin clot structure was assessed with turbidimetry and scanning electron microscopy.

Results FC infusions (mean Clauss fibrinogen plasma level: 1.21 g/L at T1) led to a statistically significant increase in endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) (p < 0.0001) and thrombin peaks (p = 0.02). Nevertheless, when compared with healthy controls, patients' T1 lag times were longer (p = 0.002), ETP values were lower (p = 0.0003), and thrombin peaks were lower (p < 00001). All fibrin polymerization parameters (turbidimetry) obtained at T1 were comparable to those of patients with inherited hypofibrinogenemia matched for fibrinogen plasma levels.

Conclusion In summary, fibrinogen infusion with a standard dose of FC increased but did not correct TG and led to formation of fibrin clots similar to those of patients with hypofibrinogenemia. All in all, our results do not support the biological evidence of hypercoagulability induced by FC in patients with afibrinogenemia.
Safety-Related Outcomes of Novel mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Pregnancy
Authors: Nakahara Angela , Biggio Joseph R. , Elmayan Ardem , Williams Frank B.
Published: January 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to describe the safety profile and demographic data for a cohort of pregnant individuals who received an mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine.

Study Design Prospective cohort study (with exposure matching) of individuals with active pregnancy who underwent immunization with a novel mRNA COVID-19 vaccine matched 1:2 with vaccinated age-matched female nonregnant controls was carried out. The primary outcome was defined as any vaccine-related complaints as defined in the original safety data. Secondary outcomes included specific complaints, COVID-19 screening test, and positive COVID-19 test.

Results Eighty-three vaccinated pregnant persons were age-matched with 166 female controls, all of whom were vaccinated between December 2020 and January, 2021. There was no difference in race or ethnicity between the groups. The mean body mass index of pregnant patients was lower than that of controls (26.1 vs. 29.2, p = 0.002). The frequency of complaints following vaccine administration was not different between pregnant and nonpregnant patients (18.1 vs. 16.9%, p = 0.201). Pregnant individuals were more likely to report fever (4.8 vs. 0.6%, p = 0.044) and gastrointestinal symptoms (4.8 vs. 0%, p = 0.012).

Conclusions Side effect profiles of COVID-19 vaccine administration at our institution were relatively similar between pregnant and nonpregnant individuals and no serious complications occurred in either group. As COVID-19 infection in pregnancy can have significant morbidity, our data support the continued use of the vaccine for pregnant patients.

Key Points
Stroke and Thromboembolism in Patients with Heart Failure and Sinus Rhythm: A Matter of Risk Stratification?
Authors: Rivas Angelica , Lauw Mandy N. , Schnabel Renate B. , Crowther Mark , Van Spall Harriette G. C.
Published: January 2022

Patients with heart failure (HF) in sinus rhythm (SR) experience an increased incidence of thromboembolic events including stroke. Among patients with HF, high-quality evidence supports the use of oral anticoagulation when atrial fibrillation is present, but the benefit of anticoagulation in SR in the absence of other known indications for anticoagulation is unclear. In four randomized controlled trials (RCTs), warfarin did not improve a composite of clinical outcomes compared with aspirin or placebo in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and SR. A recent RCT assessed the efficacy of the direct oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban versus placebo in patients with HFrEF (including mildly reduced ejection fraction), SR, and coronary artery disease. While rivaroxaban had a neutral effect on the primary composite outcome of myocardial infarction, stroke, or all-cause mortality, exploratory analyses revealed a significant reduction in strokes. It is thus possible that a subgroup of patients with HFrEF who are at high risk of stroke may benefit from anticoagulation. The challenge is to adequately identify this subgroup and to balance the potential benefit of anticoagulation with the risk of major bleeding. There is also an unmet need for evidence around anticoagulation in HF with preserved ejection fraction and SR. This review explores the current evidence around anticoagulation in patients with HF and SR, identifies challenges regarding outcome definitions and patient selection, and offers suggestions for future research.
The Association of Twin Chorionicity with Maternal Outcomes
Authors: Cowherd Rachael B. , Cipres Danielle T. , Chen Liqi , Barry Olivia H. , Estevez Samantha L. , Yee Lynn M.
Published: January 2022

Objective Our objective was to investigate the association between maternal outcomes and twin chorionicity in a large, contemporary obstetric population.

Study Design Retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single, large tertiary care center. Prenatal and inpatient records for all individuals with twin gestations were reviewed from 2000 to 2016. Patients with monoamniotic twins, higher-order multiples reduced to twins, multiple sets of twins in the study period, or undetermined chorionicity were excluded. Patients with monochorionic twins were compared with those with dichorionic twins. The co-primary outcomes were gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Secondary outcomes included cesarean delivery, preterm delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, and other maternal outcomes. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess associations of chorionicity with maternal outcomes.

Results Of the 2,979 patients eligible for inclusion, 2,627 (88.2%) had dichorionic twin gestations and 352 (11.8%) had monochorionic twin gestations. Patients with monochorionic twins were less likely to self-identify as non-Hispanic White and to have conceived via assisted reproductive technology but were more likely to be publicly insured, multiparous and have prenatal care with a maternal–fetal medicine provider. Neither gestational diabetes mellitus (6.8% monochorionic vs. 6.2% dichorionic, p = 0.74; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–1.86) nor hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (21.9% monochorionic vs. 26.3% dichorionic, p = 0.09; adjusted OR 0.99, 95% CI, 0.71–1.38) differed by chorionicity. Of the secondary maternal outcomes, patients with monochorionic twins experienced a lower frequency of cesarean delivery (46.0 vs. 61.8%, p < 0.001), which persisted after multivariate analyses (adjusted OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46–0.80). There were no differences in preterm delivery, preterm premature rupture of membranes, hemorrhage, hysterectomy, or intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

Conclusion The odds of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy do not appear to differ by twin chorionicity.

Key Points
Research on regional differences of the impact of clean energy development on carbon dioxide emission and economic growth
Authors: Jia Weiping , Jia Xianwen , Wu Ling , Guo Yanbing , Yang Teng , Wang Ermei , Xiao Pan
Published: January 2022

“China is by far the world’s largest importer of oil and emitter of carbon dioxide.” Therefore, clean energy development (CED) is of great practical significance to reduce carbon dioxide emission (CDE), ensure energy security, and achieve green economic growth. What is the role of CED in reducing CDE? Can CED, which requires significant investment, promote economic growth? For the above aims, according to the panel data of 30 provinces composed of accurate data during 1979 to 2016 and prediction data from 2017 to 2030 in China, this research employs “a non-parametric and additive regression model” to explore the linear and nonlinear influence of CED on CDE and economic growth. The results show that CED does not play an essential role in reducing CDE and fostering economic growth from a linear perspective; the influence of CED on CDE and economic growth in China’s western, central and eastern regions is significantly different from a nonlinear perspective. Hence, the Chinese government ought to fully play the critical role of clean energy in reducing CDE and fostering economic growth.
Development of a setup to characterize capillary liquid bridges between liquid infused surfaces
Authors: Goodband Sarah J. , Kusumaatmaja Halim , Voïtchovsky Kislon
Published: January 2022

Capillary liquid bridges are ubiquitous in nature and are present in many industrial processes. In order to model their behavior, it is essential to develop suitable experimental tools that are able to characterize the bridges’ geometry and the associated capillary force they induce on the contacting surfaces. While many existing setups are capable of characterizing capillary bridges formed between conventional surfaces, quantitative measurements on smart surfaces such as liquid infused surfaces remain challenging. These surfaces typically exhibit weak contact line pinning and contact angle hysteresis, resulting in unusually small changes in the capillary force they exert upon extension or compression of the bridge. Although it is precisely these properties that drive the interest into liquid infused surfaces, they render experimental characterization challenging when compared to non-infused surfaces. Here, we tackle this issue by developing a relatively inexpensive setup capable of measuring capillary forces with sensitivity in the micronewton range while quantifying the bridge’s geometry. The setup is fully motorized and can vary the relative position of the contacting surfaces while maintaining synchronous force and geometry measurements. We also present a new analysis software developed to retrieve the relevant geometrical parameters of the bridge from optical observations while minimizing errors and noise. Using example surfaces, we demonstrate the setup’s capabilities, including for bridges between liquid infused surfaces.
Production and transport of vorticity in two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard convection cell
Authors: Xu Ao , Xu Ben-Rui , Jiang Li-Sheng , Xi Heng-Dong
Published: January 2022

We present a numerical study of vorticity production and transport in the two-dimensional Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection. Direct numerical simulations are carried out in the Rayleigh number (Ra) range 105≤Ra≤106, the Prandtl number (Pr) of 0.71, and the aspect ratio (Γ) of the convection cell range 0.75≤Γ≤6. We found that the flow structure and temperature distribution vary with Γ greatly due to multiple vortices interaction. Further investigation on the vorticity production and transport reveals that, in the RB convection, in addition to the vorticity production due to wall shear stress, buoyancy produces significant vorticity in the bulk region. The produced vorticity is transported via advection and diffusion. An interesting finding is that the main vortices and the corner vortices can be visualized via the contour of buoyancy-produced vorticity. Although a vigorous definition of the vortex is still lacking in the community, our efficient vortex visualization approach in the RB convection may shed light on further research toward vortex identification. We also found that the spatial distribution of vorticity flux along the wall is positively correlated with that of the Nusselt number (Nu), suggesting the amount of vorticity that enters the flow is directly related to the amount of thermal energy that enters the flow.
Turbulent flow around circular arcs
Authors: Souppez Jean-Baptiste R. G. , Bot Patrick , Viola Ignazio Maria
Published: January 2022

The flow around a circular arc is governed by the effect of the sharp leading edge and the arc's curvature. There is a range of incidences where a leading-edge separation bubble (LESB) is formed on the convex side of the arc, and the reattached boundary layer separates further downstream. Akin to foils and cylinders, for increasing values of the Reynolds number, the boundary layer turns from laminar to turbulent resulting in a step change in the forces, here termed force crisis. This phenomenon is characterized experimentally for an arc with a camber-to-chord ratio of 0.22 and for a range of the Reynolds number from 53 530 to 218 000. Forces are measured both in a towing tank and in a water tunnel, and particle image velocimetry is undertaken in the water tunnel. In stark contrast to cylinders, where the force crisis is associated with the laminar-to-turbulent transition of the boundary layer, here, it is found to be associated with the suppressed relaminarization of the boundary layer. In fact, the LESB is always turbulent at the tested conditions, and relaminarization occurs up to a combination of critical angles of attack and critical Reynolds numbers. The critical angle of attack varies linearly with the Reynolds number. These results may contribute to the design of thin cambered wings, sails, and blades at a transitional Reynolds number such as the wings of micro aerial vehicles, swept wings in subsonic flight, turbomachinery blades, and the sails of autonomous sailing vessels.
All-solid-state pulsed current injection source based on the light initiated multi-gate semiconductor switches
Authors: Luan Chongbiao , Liu Hongwei , Ma Xun , Yuan Jianqiang , Wang Lingyun , Li Hongtao , Huang Yupeng , Kang Chuanhui
Published: January 2022

To study the damage and protection mechanism of the transient electromagnetic pulse to the cables of the electronic equipment under test, an all-solid-state pulsed current injection source with light initiated multi-gate semiconductor switches is developed. The output peak current range of the prepared all-solid-state pulsed current injection source was 0.1–1 kA, the risetime was 18 ns, and the pulse width was 520 ns. In addition, the waveforms of the output peak current were consistent.
Inferring network structure with unobservable nodes from time series data
Authors: Chen Mengyuan , Zhang Yan , Zhang Zhang , Du Lun , Wang Shuo , Zhang Jiang
Published: January 2022

Network structures play important roles in social, technological, and biological systems. However, the observable nodes and connections in real cases are often incomplete or unavailable due to measurement errors, private protection issues, or other problems. Therefore, inferring the complete network structure is useful for understanding human interactions and complex dynamics. The existing studies have not fully solved the problem of the inferring network structure with partial information about connections or nodes. In this paper, we tackle the problem by utilizing time series data generated by network dynamics. We regard the network inference problem based on dynamical time series data as a problem of minimizing errors for predicting states of observable nodes and proposed a novel data-driven deep learning model called Gumbel-softmax Inference for Network (GIN) to solve the problem under incomplete information. The GIN framework includes three modules: a dynamics learner, a network generator, and an initial state generator to infer the unobservable parts of the network. We implement experiments on artificial and empirical social networks with discrete and continuous dynamics. The experiments show that our method can infer the unknown parts of the structure and the initial states of the observable nodes with up to 90% accuracy. The accuracy declines linearly with the increase of the fractions of unobservable nodes. Our framework may have wide applications where the network structure is hard to obtain and the time series data is rich.
Size-dependent reactivity of rhodium deuteride cluster anions Rh3Dn− (n = 0–3) toward dinitrogen: The prominent role of σ donation
Authors: Cheng Xin , Li Zi-Yu , Mou Li-Hui , Wei Gong-Ping , Liu Qing-Yu , He Sheng-Gui
Published: January 2022

Nitrogen (N2) fixation is a challenging task for chemists. Adsorption of N2 on transition metal (TM) sites has been identified as a prerequisite for activating the very stable N≡N triple bond in both industrial and biological processes. The importance of π back-donation (filled orbitals of TM → π* orbitals of N2) between metal sites and N2 has been well elucidated while the role of another classic orbital interaction, namely σ donation (σ orbitals of N2 → empty orbitals of TM), remains ambiguous. Herein, the size-dependent reactivity of trinuclear rhodium deuteride cluster anions Rh3Dn− (n = 0–3) toward N2 adsorption in the gas phase was investigated experimentally and theoretically. A reverse relationship that higher electron-donating ability of clusters corresponds to lower N2 adsorption reactivity was experimentally observed, which is uncommon in N2 activation by gas-phase species. Theoretical analysis revealed that the σ donation rather than the π back-donation plays a predominant role in the adsorption complexes Rh3DnN2− and the enhanced reactivity upon D addition is ascribed to the lowered energy levels of active orbitals in Rh3Dn− as n increases. This study provides the first experimental evidence to declare the important role of σ donation and new clues for the design of reactive metal species in nitrogen fixation.
Weakly viscoelastic film flowing down a rotating inclined plane
Authors: Chattopadhyay Souradip , Mukhopadhyay Anandamoy
Published: January 2022

We investigate the nonlinear stability of a thin viscoelastic film flowing under the effects of gravity and Coriolis and centrifugal forces. We assume that the viscoelastic liquid satisfies the rheological property of Walters' liquid B″. We may consider this case as a viscoelastic flow down a rotating cone and far from the apex. Using the classical long wave expansion technique, we derive a nonlinear evolution equation describing the shape of the liquid interface as a function of space and time and also derive its stability characteristics. We solve the physical system in a two-step procedure. In the first step, we use the normal mode method to characterize the linear nature. The linear study reveals that the linear growth rate is invariant with the Coriolis effect but is significantly affected by the viscoelastic parameter Γ as well as the Taylor number Ta. It is found that both Γ and Ta destabilize the flow. In the second step, we solve an elaborated nonlinear film flow model based on the method of multiple scales and demarcate different instability zones. The weakly nonlinear study shows that with an increase in Γ and Ta, the supercritical stable region and the explosion area increase whereas the unconditional stable and the subcritical unstable region shrink. Finally, on validating our analytical predictions by performing a direct numerical simulation, a good agreement between the results of the linear stability analysis, weakly nonlinear stability analysis, and the numerical simulations is found.