bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation the Role of Media and Language Policy in the Stabilization of Interethnic Relations at the Present Stage: The Example of a Multinational Kazakhstan
Authors: KASHKINBAYEV А.Т. , GABDULINA B.А. , KUZEMBAYEVA А.О. , TAKIBAYEV M.А. , ZHANPEYISOVA К.D.
Published: May 2020

Background: Theoretical and practical study of technologies for preventing and regulating inter-ethnic conflicts is an urgent problem for multinational Kazakhstan, which is undergoing the stage of statehood formation. The aim of the research is to analyze the place and role of democratic mass media and language policy in the system of mechanisms for improving national relations and to identify the main levers of influence on the formation of the language environment.

Objectives: The object of the research is the analysis of the influence of mass media on the improvement of interethnic relations and aspects of the formation of the language environment as a factor in the development of interethnic relations.

Method: The main research methods were expert evaluation, principles of unity and development, system and comparative analysis, socio-political and functional approaches, historical and comparative method, and content analysis.

Results: The scientific result of the study was to identify the influence of mass media and language policy on the formation of civil society in a multinational Kazakhstan.It also reveals the dynamics of the language situation in the regions of the country in terms of its impact on inter-ethnic relations and determines the role of the language factor in the structure of ethnic identity of the largest ethnic groups in Kazakhstan.

Conclusion: The results of this study can be used in the analysis of ethnopolitical situations in the regions of Kazakhstan, in the process of training journalists.
Features of Group Motivation for Criminal Acts Committed on the Grounds of Religious Hatred or Hostility
Authors: LEONENKO Tetiana Ye. , LEONENKO Maksym I. , SHKUTA Oleh O. , YURCHYSHYN Vasyl M.
Published: May 2020

The urgency of the research is that in modern conditions the problem of legal regulation of religious relations is an important subject of attention of international organizations, scholars and the public. The article seeks to identify the features of group motivation for crimes committed on the basis of religious hatred or hostility. The article investigates the nature of social conflicts, identifies the main causes and ways of realizing interreligious conflicts and proves that these conflicts are politicized, and responsibility for resolving religious conflicts should be entrusted, first of all, to the state. The authors conclude that the totalitarian sects are the structural basis for the spread of religious extremism. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the activity of religious sects and reveals the parameters by which such organizations can be characterized as criminal.
Criminal Procedure Aspects of the International Cooperation of States in the Field of Combating Transnational Organized Crime
Authors: SEILKHANOVA Saida , SHEGEBAYEVA Aigerim , OTARBAYEVA Azina , ABILEZOV Yestay
Published: May 2020

The research dwells on criminal and legal aspects of international cooperation in the field of combating transnational organized crime. The issues of fighting against transnational organized crime affect all states without exception.Therefore the formation of national legislation in this area should consider the international experience in combating this phenomenon and utilize international legal acts that serve as the basis for creating not only specific norms but also a national policy to counteract transnational organized crime. This article aims at studying different forms of interaction between agencies carrying out criminal procedure activities on an international scale and developing recommendations in order to introduce the most effective methods of such interaction into the procedural practice and legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors of the article analyze the international legal framework, regulatory documents and law enforcement practice of a number of states (mainly the US, the EU, etc.). The authors conclude that criminal procedure aspects of the international legal framework for countering transnational organized crime in the context of the legislation of Kazakhstan require further development, improvement and comprehensive research. The study results obtained by the authors can serve as the basis for further scientific discussions and new surveys, as well as be used in the development of educational and practical manuals on the study of international cooperation both in criminal proceedings and in the fight against transnational organized crime.
Constitutional Principles of Contractual Representation in Ukraine: Problems of Theory and Practice
Authors: TSIURA Vadym , SULEIMANOVA Susanna , SOTULA Oleksandr , PANASIUK Vita , DOBROVOLSKA Volodymyra
Published: May 2020

The research is devoted to the issue of the nature and essence of the contractual representation as a legal relationship and a constitutional principle.The current understanding of the institution of representation in the context of the provisions of the Code of Civil Procedure of Ukraine and the Civil Code of Ukraine is ambiguous and this problem needs to be solved. In order to determine the true meaning of the legal institute of representation, the authors of the article made an attempt to study it through the lens of the norms of the current constitution of Ukraine.The methods of scientific research, used by the authors are the analysis, the synthesis, the deduction and induction,the comparison-legal method. All these methods in their convergence made it possible to find out the current state of the existing legislation and legal doctrine in the context of contractual representation and to offer the authors’ own vision of directions of improvement of the studied legal institute.In the result of the study the authors made a conclusion that a contractual representation is a kind of representation, arising out of a contract or other act that underlies the will of the person represented (the principal) and the person representing (the attorney) and the agreement between them. It is important for both the practice of law and the theory of law that the understanding of the essence of the said institute and the approaches to regulating relations of representation in the Civil Code and in the Civil Procedure Code be the same.
Definiowanie koncepcji hybrydyzacji rozwoju
Authors: Drobniak Adam
Published: May 2020

Zamierzeniem artykułu jest próba zdefiniowania koncepcji hybrydyzacji rozwoju, a także zainicjowanie dyskusji, w jaki sposób podejście to może wzbogacać współczesne koncepcje rozwoju wykorzystywane w ekonomii regionalnej i geografii ekonomicznej. Artykuł ma charakter teoretyczny i bazuje na metodyce studiów literaturowych. W pierwszej części przedstawiono wprowadzenie do problematyki hybrydyzacji rozwoju w kontekście współczesnych zjawisk globalizacyjnych. W kolejnej przybliżono pojęcia związane z hybrydyzacją rozwoju. Następnie poddano analizie ujęcie sektorowe i przestrzenne hybrydyzacji oraz sformułowano propozycję ogólnego ujęcia tej koncepcji. Artykuł kończą rozważania na temat znaczenia hybrydyzacji rozwoju w kontekście wybranych współczesnych koncepcji rozwoju wykorzystywanych w ekonomii regionalnej i geografii ekonomicznej.
Czy więcej znaczy lepiej? Badania ilościowe w geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej ery Big Data
Authors: Rzeszewski Michał , Rodak Olga
Published: May 2020

Wielkie zbiory danych typu Big Data są obecnie nieodłącznym elementem badań w wielu dziedzinach nauki – w tym w geografii społeczno-ekonomicznej. Znajdują one szereg zastosowań, zarówno wnosząc możliwość analizy nowych danych w klasycznych problemach badawczych, jak i same w sobie będąc nowym przedmiotem badań oraz pozwalając na badanie cyfrowych geografii. Jednocześnie Big Data krytykuje się za niejednorodność, brak reprezentatywności, nierówność reprezentacji czy też problemy etyczne. Z tego powodu zwracamy uwagę na szereg dylematów związanych z obecnością Big Data w praktyce badawczej, sugerując istotną rolę krytycznego podejścia do ich zastosowania w praktyce badawczej.
Differential Associations of Coping Strategies With Grief and Depression in Young Adults: The Role of Cause of Death and Relationship to the Deceased
Authors: Kokou-Kpolou Cyrille Kossigan , Jumageldinov Askar , Park Sunyoung , Nieuviarts Nicolas , Khales Chama , Cénat Jude Mary
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The impact of loss by death in young adults has been underinvestigated, although higher rates of traumatic deaths are reported at this developmental stage. This study examined the relative differential consequences of bereavement-related factors for Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder (PCBD) and depression. In addition, coping strategies predicting the study outcomes were examined as a function of bereavement-related factors.

Methods: The study included 580 bereaved young adults with up to 5-year post loss. They were administered a battery of valided tools measuring PCBD symptoms, normal acute grief reactions as measured by the Core Bereavement Items scale, depressive symptoms, coping strategies, and bereavement-related characteristics. Covariance and regression analyses were used.

Results: We found that the dimensions of PCBD and depressive symptoms were differentially associated with the bereavement-related factors. More specifically, the death of an immediate family member was associated with higher levels of PCBD-separation distress, whereas the traumatic death of a friend and romantic partner was more associated with PCBD-social and identity disruption. Furthermore, the study revealed differential associations between PCBD severity, depressive symptoms, and coping strategies as functions of bereavement-related factors.

Discussion: The study has provided better understanding of clinical manifestations of PCBD as a function of etiologic risk factors. The results clarifying risk and protective factors are especially useful for improving effective bereavement-health counseling interventions among bereaved young adults.
Accomplice or Witness? The Media's Role in Terrorism
Authors: Nacos Brigitte L.
Published: May 2020

If terrorism is seen as political theater performed for audiences…clearly the mass media plays a crucial role. Without massive news coverage the terrorist act would resemble the proverbial tree falling in the forest.
America and Africa: Beyond the Double Standard
Authors: Minter William
Published: May 2020

In the post–cold war world the stated general goals of United States foreign policy—development, democracy, and security—are congruent with those of African peoples. When deciding how best to achieve these widely endorsed goals, however, a chasm emerges between perspectives crafted purely in the American foreign policy arena and those rooted in African realities.
China's Consumer Revolution
Authors: Davis Deborah S.
Published: May 2020

When within less than a decade millions of people gained access to advanced modes of communication, new vocabularies of social discourse, and novel forms of leisure through newly commercialized outlets, it does not seem an exaggeration to claim that a revolution in consumption had occurred.
Completing the Transatlantic Bargain: The United States and European Security
Authors: Barry Charles , Kay Sean , Spero Joshua
Published: May 2020

It is time for a summit to renew the transatlantic commitment by defining a new, more equal balance of influence over transatlantic affairs. America need not fear that outcome; indeed, it hearkens to the bold vision America created with its allies at NATO's conception. The United States must lead in defining a new direction by welcoming the added power of the EU.
Hong Kong: Still “One Country, Two Systems”?
Authors: Canning Craig N.
Published: May 2020

After four years of Hong Kong self-rule, the overriding question remains whether the “one country, two systems” experiment is working. So far the answer is yes-with some qualification.
The Russian Economy: Putin's Pause
Authors: Millar James R.
Published: May 2020

Putin appears to have more in common with Brezhnev than with his more decisive predecessors. Khrushchev, Gorbachev, and Yeltsin risked their positions in attempts to de-Stalinize the Soviet Union. … Putin's rule seems to be more pause than reform, which is, incidentally, what the public wants.
Free Society, Repressed Media: The Chilean Paradox
Authors: Polumbaum Judy
Published: May 2020

For Chilean journalists, when the consequences not so long ago of “offending the wrong people could be lethal, caution was entirely understandable as a matter of physical well-being. Today, deriving from passivity rather than self-defense, it is more a matter of economic, political, and social accommodation.”
Post-Crisis Asia: Economic Recovery and the Challenges Ahead
Authors: Sharma Shalendra D.
Published: May 2020

Almost all the East Asian economies have recaptured the economic momentum disrupted by the 1997 financial crisis in the region. Although that momentum was slowed with the global economic downturn in 2001, the process of financial and corporate rebuilding and restructuring in response to the crisis has not.
Irrational Exuberance: The Clinton Administration in Africa
Authors: Rosenblum Peter
Published: May 2020

The [Clinton administration's] new African leaders policy was intended to be the story of peacemaking, partnership, and economic development. Instead, it became a subplot in a story of war, casualties, and the remaking of old African leaders.
Putin's First Two Years: Democracy or Authoritarianism?
Authors: Nichols Thomas M.
Published: May 2020

Those who argue for the irreversibility of Russian democracy are on firmer ground than the critics who, while understandably concerned, have been warning repeatedly since 1991 that Russia is headed for disaster and whose predictions of doom have repeatedly gone unrealized.
Hamas and the Transformation(s) of Political Islam in Palestine
Authors: Roy Sara
Published: May 2020

While an Islamist alternative still remains unacceptable to most Palestinians, the Islamists, notably Hamas, increasingly have become a … part of the Palestinian political landscape; as such, they will need to be incorporated into—not marginalized from—any future political arrangement. Despite its militant extremism, the Islamist movement has shown that it can be pragmatic.
America and the Ambivalence of Power
Authors: Ikenberry G. John
Published: May 2020

While some policymakers want to use us supremacy to resist multilateralism and the rule of law, the lesson of history is that even powerful states—and certainly a unipolar America—gain advantage by supporting and operating within an international system of rules and institutions.
Making War, Making Peace: The Middle East Entangles America
Authors: Norton Augustus Richard
Published: May 2020

In Iraq the United States appears to have checkmated itself, maneuvered into the calamitous position of being unable to exit easily or stay safely.
The Palestinian State: Division and Despair
Authors: Roy Sara
Published: May 2020

The tragic ongoing violence between Palestinians and Israelis shields a greater tragedy currently unfolding in the West Bank and Gaza Strip: the dismemberment of the Palestinian economy.
Is the Two-State Solution Dead?
Authors: Sussman Gary
Published: May 2020

A binational Israeli-Palestinian state “may come to be viewed as preferable to a two-state arrangement or a single polity in which winner takes all—and loser loses all. … The politics of accommodation and power sharing may prove to be the only viable alternative to endless war or brutal domination by one community over another.
Scoring Free Trade: A Critique of the Critics
Authors: Weintraub Sidney
Published: May 2020

NAFTA's critics cite low growth and high poverty to blame Mexico's mediocre economic performance on free trade. Yet the trade agreement, in its designated area of impact, has been a clear success. The causes of Mexico's problems lie elsewhere.
Musharraf's Pakistan: A Nation on the Edge
Authors: Ayres Alyssa
Published: May 2020

Making peace with India may offer the only possible avenue for rolling back the military, bringing about democracy, fostering tolerance, developing the economy, and strengthening civil society.
Nigeria's Democratic Generals
Authors: Lloyd Robert B.
Published: May 2020

If democracy firmly establishes itself in this African giant and economic reform leads to increasing wealth and stability, Nigeria could serve as a beacon of inspiration for a continent many view as hopeless.
“Compassionate Conservatism” Comes to Africa
Authors: Booker Salih , Colgan Ann-Louise
Published: May 2020

While the hiv/aids crisis is the most urgent threat facing Africa and the world, the Bush administration's current orientation is to delay action. In contrast, Washington's interest in African oil and the specter of terrorist cells quietly shapes the immediate course of us Africa policy.
The Unbearable Lightness of Democracy: Poland and Romania after Communism
Authors: Mungiu-Pippidi Alina
Published: May 2020

Although the publics in Poland and Romania believe there are more similarities than differences in the quality of their lives after communism, external observers argue that Poland's democracy is qualitatively better than Romania's. The challenge is to explain why there is this difference when both countries are consolidated democracies inhabited by unsatisfied…democrats.
Beyond Benign Neglect: Washington and Latin America
Authors: Valenzuela Arturo
Published: May 2020

Without clear and concerted engagement and a recognition that the consolidation of democracy in Latin America is far from a foregone conclusion, Washington will be unable to regain the momentum for progress lost over the past four years.
Laos: Still Communist after All These Years
Authors: Kurlantzick Joshua
Published: May 2020

Throughout the repression and the economic backsliding, most countries in the West have said little about Laos, even as they decry similar problems in Burma and Tibet and other regions of the world.
Less-Than-Great Expectations: The Pakistani-Russian Rapprochement
Authors: Katz Mark N.
Published: May 2020

The expansion of Pakistani-Russian ties to include a significant arms relationship appears to depend on a deterioration in the Russian-Indian relationship that Moscow will not initiate and desperately wants to avoid.
Made in the P.R.C.: China's Consumer Revolution
Authors: Hanser Amy
Published: May 2020

Although the market and opportunities for consumption seem to offer a counterbalance to the government's authoritarian powers, many Chinese are ambivalent about the forces of Westernization and marketization and the rapidly growing gap between rich and poor.
The “Greenless” Response to Global Warming
Authors: Daynes Byron W. , Sussman Glen
Published: May 2020

Rather than working with other leaders to modify the Kyoto Protocol, President Bush has devised his own haphazard alternative, the “Clear Skies Initiative.” … [which] calls for voluntary compliance in reducing emissions.
Rebuilding the Liberian State
Authors: Lloyd Robert
Published: May 2020

Can a very poor country, scarred by decades of fighting and slowly rebuilding a collapsed state, democratize? The answer is not yet clear.
Little Emperors or Frail Pragmatists? China's '80ers Generation
Authors: Yan Yunxiang
Published: May 2020

If idealism, compassion, and naïveté are defining features of youthhood, the '80ers in China are hardly youthful. If efforts to resist and subvert the dominating ideology and symbolisms of the establishment are the core of youth culture, then China's youth hardly have a culture of their own.
Rumsfeld's Take on the Chinese Military: A Dissenting View
Authors: Blasko Dennis J.
Published: May 2020

The Pentagon's 2006 report provides little credible new information to support its suppositions about China's lack of transparency, undeclared motivations, or ‘military expansion.’
Japan's Historic Change of Course
Authors: Pyle Kenneth B.
Published: May 2020

Japan is on the threshold of a new era in the way it relates to the international environment. As it becomes an assertive political-strategic actor, foreign observers will once again be surprised. …
The End of the Nonproliferation Regime?
Authors: Perkovich George
Published: May 2020

The fundamental requirement today is to establish a basis of cooperation between the most powerful state—the United States—and the others, without which pressing proliferation problems cannot be solved.
Angela Merkel's Germany
Authors: Janes Jackson , Szabo Stephen
Published: May 2020

In part because of deadlock within the government on domestic policy, the chancellor has turned to foreign policy as her main stage.
France's Election-Year Disquiet
Authors: Miguet Arnauld
Published: May 2020

For a people usually passionate about all things political, the French appear to be completely disenchanted with politics and more especially with incumbent politicians.
Malaysia at 50: Midlife Crisis Ahead?
Authors: Welsh Bridget
Published: May 2020

It remains to be seen whether Malaysia will continue on its historic path of avoiding ethnic conflict, promoting economic growth, and allowing political choice, albeit limited choice.
Congo's Peace: Miracle or Mirage?
Authors: Stearns Jason K.
Published: May 2020

Impunity has been to some extent the glue of the peace process. This fact could undermine the country's fragile stability.
The Shrinking US Footprint in Central Asia
Authors: Olcott Martha Brill
Published: May 2020

The belief that the United States was behind the ‘color revolutions’ has helped both Russia and China strengthen their positions in the region.
The New Face of Development
Authors: Lancaster Carol
Published: May 2020

As the traditional development challenge of reducing poverty is increasingly met, a new challenge for the twenty-first century emerges: that of ensuring a livable, peaceful, and prosperous world.
The Persistence of Political Theology
Authors: Lilla Mark
Published: May 2020

A unique theological-political crisis within Christianity opened up the path the West has taken. We have little reason to assume other civilizations will necessarily follow it.
Beyond Demonization: A New Strategy for Human Rights in North Korea
Authors: Moon Katharine H. S.
Published: May 2020

Persistently engaging and formally recognizing North Korea are the measures that hold most promise on many contentious issues, including human rights.
India Held Back
Authors: Ganguly Sumit
Published: May 2020

The country still faces a series of domestic and external challenges that remain significant hurdles on the path to great power status.
The New Disarmament Discussion
Authors: Squassoni Sharon
Published: May 2020

The vision of a world without nuclear weapons has taken shape outside of governments, but is increasingly creeping inside governments.
A Way Forward for Hemispheric Trade
Authors: Farnsworth Eric
Published: May 2020

The existing model for expanding trade in the hemisphere—in essence, piecemeal liberalization—has reached a point of diminishing returns.
Civil-Military Power Struggles: The Case of Mauritania
Authors: Hochman Dafna
Published: May 2020

Is it possible for a civilian president to manage a pluralistic parliamentary democracy, particularly one open to populist Islamist parties, while, under the watchful eye of a strong military, also countering terrorism?
The Washington Bubble: Why US Foreign Policy Is Oversized
Authors: Szabo Stephen F.
Published: May 2020

Given the growing limits on both American and Western power, the United States will have to learn to live with unpleasant states and avoid an infinitely elastic sense of its interests and power.
The Middle East's New Power Dynamics
Authors: Ehteshami Anoushiravan
Published: May 2020

Iran's rise has alarmed Israel, Turkey, and the core Arab states in equal measure, encouraging a … reworking of the regional balance of power.
Brazil as Regional Leader: Meeting the Chávez Challenge
Authors: Burges Sean W.
Published: May 2020

Lula has regarded regional involvement as a means to strengthen Brazilian industry for global competition and to establish his country as a credible actor on the world stage.
Brazil and the New Global Order
Authors: Hurrell Andrew
Published: May 2020

Brazilian foreign policy under Lula has emphasized not only traditional multilateralism but also membership in the new formal and informal groupings that have emerged at the heart of a new world order.
Vietnam and America: Parameters of the Possible
Authors: Brown Frederick Z.
Published: May 2020

The connection with the United States [is] a geopolitical asset in the competition that the Vietnamese have long carried out with China.
The New Mercantilism: China's Emerging Role in the Americas
Authors: Farnsworth Eric
Published: May 2020

Beijing offers to the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean the opportunity to forge a path independent of the United States and liberal economic orthodoxy.
Latin America: Next Top Model?
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

A new book argues that Latin American countries, having left behind their banana-republic past, will serve as exemplars for developed nations to follow.
Pakistan's Security-Governance Challenge
Authors: Fair C. Christine
Published: May 2020

The military will never stay in the barracks until other institutions have developed enough credibility to counter the army's.
No “Jasmine” for China
Authors: Dickson Bruce J.
Published: May 2020

Political protests in China are a far cry from those that created the Arab Spring.
Does Economic Integration Augur Peace in East Asia?
Authors: Kastner Scott L.
Published: May 2020

At the end of the day, it is not clear that economic ties will act as a significant constraint on state behavior when high-stakes issues are on the table.
Dictators and Democrats, Unite!
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

Of course critical differences distinguish democratic from authoritarian governments. Still, a new book argues that all politicians, in striving to gain and keep power, consult essentially the same handbook.
The End of Easy Everything
Authors: Klare Michael T.
Published: May 2020

The transition from an easy to a tough resource era will come at a high price.
India Flexes Its Foreign Aid Muscle
Authors: Mullen Rani D.
Published: May 2020

Seeking global recognition, as well as access to resources and markets, one of the world's largest recipients of foreign assistance is boosting the aid that it distributes.
Between Democracy and Militancy: Islam in Africa
Authors: Villalón Leonardo A.
Published: May 2020

[T]he effort to try to distinguish between good and bad Muslim ideologies may be much less important than the need to support functional political institutions.
Stuck with Putin
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

A new book details how US policies under George W. Bush helped sour Vladimir Putin on the West, leaving him in the paranoid funk that still colors his outlook today.
The Governance Gap
Authors: Lustig Joshua , Sorensen Alan
Published: May 2020

Globalization, slowed by advanced economies' malaise, is still outpacing efforts to manage its risks and byproducts. Better multilateral coordination is needed to narrow the gap.
Germany's Alarming Disaffection
Authors: Calleo David P.
Published: May 2020

Germany's postwar leaders played a critical role in creating the European Union. Their successors need to remember that federalism benefits the strong as well as the weak.
Drift and Confusion Reign in Indian Politics
Authors: Sridharan Eswaran
Published: May 2020

[T]he prospect of India without a stable governing coalition—whether established by the Congress Party, by the BJP, or by regional parties supported by either the Congress or the BJP—is not beyond the realm of possibility.
France in Africa: A New Chapter?
Authors: Smith Stephen W.
Published: May 2020

Long gone … is the inbred elite connivance between Paris and the francophone capitals in Africa.
Can Putin Keep His Grip on Power?
Authors: Treisman Daniel
Published: May 2020

Putin's efforts to reassert his leadership have created new problems while merely sweeping old ones under the rug.
Can Central Bankers Save the World?
Authors: Finan William W.
Published: May 2020

A new book by Neil Irwin recounts the extraordinary measures undertaken by central bankers to avert a global depression. The formula to end economic malaise, however, remains undiscovered.
Is US-Iran Détente Possible?
Authors: Milani Mohsen
Published: May 2020

Washington must have a realistic assessment of how far Rouhani can go without inciting a backlash from the conservatives at home.
The Waning of Warfare
Authors: Russett Bruce
Published: May 2020

A more democratic, interdependent world has seen a marked decline in armed conflicts.
The Far Right and the European Elections
Authors: Mudde Cas
Published: May 2020

[N]either the far right nor the ‘anti-European populists’ are on track to win a significant victory in the upcoming European Parliament elections.
Is the US Drone War Effective?
Authors: Boyle Michael J.
Published: May 2020

Particularly in Afghanistan and Pakistan, drones have stirred up new levels of hostility against the United States and endangered the stability and cooperation of the local governments, with potential long-term consequences for the stability of the South Asian region.
UN Peacekeeping and the Quest for a Pax Africana
Authors: Adebajo Adekeye
Published: May 2020

Africa's regional organizations will … need to urgently improve their rapid response capacity to ensure that the continent does not keep relying for its security on self-interested external powers.
Citizen Contention and Campus Calm: The Paradox of Chinese Civil Society
Authors: Perry Elizabeth J.
Published: May 2020

Contrary to conventional predictions, the growth of protest and civil society in contemporary China seems more conducive to the resilience of authoritarianism than to imminent democratization.
Turkey at a Tipping Point
Authors: White Jenny
Published: May 2020

By pulling the levers of suspicion and social polarization, Erdoğan appeals to the conservative nationalist core of his supporters, but he is out of touch with a large part of the population.
The Limits of Intervention
Authors: Bell Duncan
Published: May 2020

A new book by Michael W. Doyle engages with the ideas of John Stuart Mill in an effort to answer the perennial question of when international humanitarian intervention can be justified.
The Other Drawdown in Afghanistan
Authors: Fair C. Christine
Published: May 2020

If the international community wants to secure the real gains it has made in Afghanistan, it needs to stop obsessing about the troop drawdown and begin figuring out how to avert the funding drawdown that is the single biggest threat to Afghanistan's future.
The Varieties of Nationalism in Africa
Authors: Dorman Sara Rich
Published: May 2020

[N]ationalism in much of Africa continues to manifest itself in a struggle for control of the state where political institutions are unable to accommodate pressures for representation.
Trans-Pacific Destiny
Authors: Wu Ellen D.
Published: May 2020

A new book by historian Gordon H. Chang shows that China has long obsessed Americans, spurring on their expansionary and missionary impulses.
The Global Challenge of the Refugee Exodus
Authors: Lahav Gallya
Published: May 2020

The refugee crises … amount to an emerging global challenge facing almost all industrialized liberal democracies, pitting their humanitarian norms against materialist values.
Youthful Dissent Challenges Angola's Old Elite
Authors: Pearce Justin
Published: May 2020

Angola's rulers are faced with the rise of a generation that does not accept the political logic of the war, whereby dissent equaled treason.
Abe's Faltering Efforts to Restart Japan
Authors: Kingston Jeff
Published: May 2020

One of the great conundrums of Abe's second term is how he has managed to retain healthy levels of public support while polls consistently show a majority opposes every one of his signature policies …
What Drives Moscow's Military Adventurism?
Authors: Baev Pavel K.
Published: May 2020

Moscow may not be very good at learning lessons from setbacks, and certainly tends to exaggerate its successes, but it has few doubts about the feasibility of ‘military solutions’ and even fewer reservations about reaching for them.
The European Union in an Illiberal World
Authors: Smith Karen E.
Published: May 2020

[A] more mercurial United States, less consistent in its support for European integration, could force the EU to rely more on itself.
Pakistan's Deadly Grip on Afghanistan
Authors: Fair C. Christine
Published: May 2020

Unless the United States rights its policies with respect to Pakistan, it has no hope of bringing even a modicum of stability to Afghanistan …
Saints and Sinners in Somalia
Authors: Menkhaus Ken
Published: May 2020

A veteran journalist's account of the life of a colorful former mayor of Mogadishu offers insights into the complex realities of a city and a country often reduced to caricature.
The Occupation at Fifty: A Permanent State of Ambiguity
Authors: Brown Nathan J.
Published: May 2020

The most significant development is not in the occupation itself but in the collapse of all attempts to devise alternatives.
Rising Religious Intolerance in South Asia
Authors: Nair Neeti
Published: May 2020

Whether in India, Pakistan, or Myanmar, governments have failed to protect minorities, and too often politicians have pandered to agitators stirring up sectarian hatred.
The Power and Limits of Populism in the Philippines
Authors: Curato Nicole
Published: May 2020

Is one of Asia's oldest democracies rejecting its tradition of liberalism in exchange for a strongman who can restore self-esteem and bring order to a desperate nation?
The Hard Road Ahead for Syrian Reconstruction
Authors: Ghosn Faten
Published: May 2020

[R]econstruction projects have already gotten underway in some parts of the country, such as those occupied by Turkey, while others have been without basic services for years.
Precision Medicine Needs a Cure for Inequality
Authors: Prainsack Barbara
Published: May 2020

This new way of thinking about health and disease has tangible implications for when and how health-care interventions are set in motion—and for how people are expected to manage their lives.
The Hidden Power of the New Economic Sanctions
Authors: Gordon Joy
Published: May 2020

Recent years have seen increasing sophistication in the sanctions that do the greatest damage to critical networks or functions of a target country's economy and infrastructure.
Made in Bangladesh: Homegrown Development in a Global Economy
Authors: Hossain Naomi
Published: May 2020

Few big countries … have had their fortunes so profoundly shaped by a weak position in the global system.
The Taliban's War for Legitimacy in Afghanistan
Authors: Jackson Ashley , Weigand Florian
Published: May 2020

The Taliban are no longer a shadowy insurgency; they are now a full-fledged parallel political order.
Australia's Refugee Detention Regime: Offshore and Unaccountable
Authors: Nethery Amy
Published: May 2020

[T]he idea that being ‘tough on asylum’ wins elections has become one of the great enduring myths of Australian politics, and apparently both major parties have decided that the stakes are too high to try anything different.
Are Malaysia's Reformers Up to the Task?
Authors: Khoo Gaik Cheng
Published: May 2020

There is a danger that internal power struggles may cause distractions and derail the project of reformation.
Capitalizing on Cosmopolitanism in the Gulf
Authors: Koch Natalie
Published: May 2020

[N]ew forms of governance in the Gulf work through identity projects that include (and often co-opt) difference to gain legitimacy.
Reproduction in a polluted world: implications for wildlife
Authors: Aulsebrook Lucinda C , Bertram Michael G , Martin Jake M , Aulsebrook Anne E , Brodin Tomas , Evans Jonathan P , Hall Matthew D , O’Bryan Moira K , Pask Andrew J , Tyler Charles R , Wong Bob B M
Published: May 2020

Environmental pollution is an increasing problem for wildlife globally. Animals are confronted with many different forms of pollution, including chemicals, light, noise, and heat, and these can disrupt critical biological processes such as reproduction. Impacts on reproductive processes can dramatically reduce the number and quality of offspring produced by exposed individuals, and this can have further repercussions on the ecology and evolution of affected populations. Here, we illustrate how environmental pollutants can affect various components of reproduction in wildlife, including direct impacts on reproductive physiology and development, consequences for gamete quality and function, as well as effects on sexual communication, sexual selection, and parental care. We follow with a discussion of the broader ecological and evolutionary consequences of these effects on reproduction and suggest future directions that may enable us to better understand and address the effects of environmental pollution.
Low Additive Genetic Variation in a Trait Under Selection in Domesticated Rice
Authors: Karavolias Nicholas G , Greenberg Anthony J , Barrero Luz S , Maron Lyza G , Shi Yuxin , Monteverde Eliana , Piñeros Miguel A , McCouch Susan R
Published: May 2020

Quantitative traits are important targets of both natural and artificial selection. The genetic architecture of these traits and its change during the adaptive process is thus of fundamental interest. The fate of the additive effects of variants underlying a trait receives particular attention because they constitute the genetic variation component that is transferred from parents to offspring and thus governs the response to selection. While estimation of this component of phenotypic variation is challenging, the increasing availability of dense molecular markers puts it within reach. Inbred plant species offer an additional advantage because phenotypes of genetically identical individuals can be measured in replicate. This makes it possible to estimate marker effects separately from the contribution of the genetic background not captured by genotyped loci. We focused on root growth in domesticated rice, Oryza sativa, under normal and aluminum (Al) stress conditions, a trait under recent selection because it correlates with survival under drought. A dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) map is available for all accessions studied. Taking advantage of this map and a set of Bayesian models, we assessed additive marker effects. While total genetic variation accounted for a large proportion of phenotypic variance, marker effects contributed little information, particularly in the Al-tolerant tropical japonica population of rice. We were unable to identify any loci associated with root growth in this population. Models estimating the aggregate effects of all measured genotypes likewise produced low estimates of marker heritability and were unable to predict total genetic values accurately. Our results support the long-standing conjecture that additive genetic variation is depleted in traits under selection. We further provide evidence that this depletion is due to the prevalence of low-frequency alleles that underlie the trait.
Aspectos constitutivos de militantes na Enfermagem: a produção de sujeitos políticos
Authors: De Almeida Deybson Borba , Reis da Silva Gilberto Tadeu , De Freitas Genival Fernandes , Dos Santos Nívia Vanessa Carneiro , Da Silva Hudson Soares , Melo Lima Josse Maria , Santana Laiane Da Silva
Published: May 2020

Introdução: trata-se de um estudo com base filosófica de Michel Foucault que buscou analisar a constituição do sujeito; no caso em questão, buscou-se compreender a enfermeira que milita pela profissão.Objetivo: analisar os aspectos constitutivos de militantes na Enfermagem.Métodos: pesquisa com método histórico, que usa o método de história oral, com uma abordagem qualitativa; foram entrevistadas 11 enfermeiras que militaram ou militam por situações profissionais. Após o uso da técnica de entrevista semiestruturada, os dados foram organizados no software n-vivo 10, e o método de análise foi a hermenêutica dialética. Resultados: as enfermeiras se constituíram militantes a partir de vivências comunitárias, familiares, nos movimentos sociais e na militância profissional, e de convívio com as diferenças éticas e sociais. Os discursos apontam para a constituição de sujeitos militantes fora dos espaços instituídos da sala de aula.Conclusões: ao olhar para a constituição de sujeitos militantes sob a ótica da hermenêutica dialética, encontramos a convergência interna entre as subcategorias apontadas, a produção de sujeitos militantes e as categorias analíticas deste estudo. Identificamos possibilidades formativas de sujeitos militantes e indicamos a necessidade de revisão dos processos formativos de enfermeiras.
Validity of an instrument to evaluate the immunobiological cold chain
Authors: Oliveira Maíla Martins , De Oliveira Valéria Conceição , Ferreira Ana Paula , Reis Ilka Afonso , Torres Heloísa De Carvalho , Amaral Gabriela Gonçalves , Guimarães Eliete Albano de Azevedo
Published: May 2020

Objective: To develop and to test the validity of content and layout of a multidimensional tool to evaluate maintenance of the cold chain for immunobiological conservation.Method: A methodological study carried out in three steps: integrative review; development of theoretical and logical model for the development of the tool; implementation of the Delphi Technique to test the validity of content and layout. The Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) were calculated considering appropriate those values greater than or equal to 75% and 0.4, respectively.Results: The instrument consisted of 7 questions about structure and 20 about process, subdivided into three components: Transportation/Reception (n=3); Storage/Handling (n=13); Supervision/Permanent education (n=4). The CVI value was 87.4%, with values equal to 85.7% and 89% in the structure and process dimensions, respectively. The process components obtained CVI values equal to 88.9, 88.9 and 89.2%, respectively. The CVR was 0.8, with values equal to 0.7 and 0.8 in the structure and process dimensions. As for the layout validation, the questionnaire was considered intelligible.Conclusion: The study provides an instrument with validity of content and layout for health professionals in charge of the supervision of activities of immunobiological conservation, ensuring the maintenance of the immunogenic quality of the products offered to the population.
Morbidades autorreferidas por usuários de espaços comunitários de atividade física
Authors: Silva Karine Nascimento da , Serafim Amanda Sá , Rodrigues Lívia De Sousa , Oliveira Jessica Lima de , Rodrigues Gezabell , Cavalcante Edilma Gomes Rocha , Filho José Adelmo Da Silva , Pinto Antonio Germane Alves
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: analisar as morbidades autorreferidas relacionadas com as condições sociodemográficas dos usuários de espaços comunitários de atividade física.Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 433 usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde, na macrorregião Cariri, Ceará, Brasil. A coleta ocorreu por meio de formulário estruturado a partir do modelo de questionário da Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico, operacionalizada pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil.Resultados: a média de idade dos participantes do estudo foi de 42,92 anos (DP ± 17,4); a de renda familiar foi de R$ 1.486,30 (DP ± 1.015,0). Verificou-se predomínio do sexo feminino associado à maior prevalência de hipertensão (p = 0,001) e de dislipidemia (p = 0,003). A idade mais elevada relacionou-se aos diagnósticos médicos de hipertensão (53,85 anos, DP ± 15,64), dislipidemia (59,54 anos, DP ± 15,25) e diabetes (52,42 anos, DP ± 16,66).Conclusão: a análise das características sociais e econômicas permitiu verificar a associação de morbidades como hipertensão, diabetes e dislipidemia com o sexo, a idade, a renda e a escolaridade; esses fatores são causais para o desenvolvimento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.
Desejo de doar leite: relação com características maternas
Authors: Dos Santos e Silva Renata Kelly , Sany de Moura Maria Sauanna , Carvalho Maynara De Lima , Braz Zeila Ribeiro , Moura Nadya Dos Santos , Mendes Anderson Nogueira , Rodrigues Malvina Pacheco
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: relacionar o desejo de doar leite materno aos aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e obstétricos.Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal e analítico com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 226 mulheres durante o puerpério imediato, em um Hospital de Referência do interior do Piauí, Brasil, entre dezembro de 2016 e junho de 2018. Na estatística analítica, realizaram-se os testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Razão de verossimilhança e o teste t Student.Resultados: a caracterização sociodemográfica revelou que as participantes do estudo eram predominantemente casadas (n = 165; 73 %); pardas (n = 145; 64,1 %) e 79 (34,9 %) praticavam atividade física. 78,3 % (n = 177) das entrevistadas desejavam ser doadoras de leite materno, o que indica relação significativa com os anos de estudo (p = 0,038) e com as que receberam orientações sobre o assunto durante o pré-natal (p = 0,028).Conclusões: o desejo de doar leite 3 materno esteve significativamente relacionado às variáveis de maior escolaridade da mulher e às orientações recebidas no pré-natal sobre o assunto, demonstrando a relevância da educação em saúde dentro do contexto.
Perfil dos atendimentos oncológicos de uma macrorregião de saúde brasileira
Authors: Paiva Eliza Mara das Chagas , Moraes Camila Mendonça de , Brito Tábatta Renata Pereira de , Lima Daniela Braga , Fava Silvana Maria Coelho Leite , Nascimento Murilo César do
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: conhecer a configuração epidemiológica dos atendimentos oncológicos em uma macrorregião de saúde brasileira, localizada no estado de Minas Gerais, entre 2008 e 2017.Materiais e métodos: estudo quantitativo, exploratório, transversal e descritivo, realizado com dados secundários de cinco municípios localizados no estado de Minas Gerais.Resultados: houve 54.206 atendimentos a indivíduos com câncer, com predominância do sexo masculino (53,38 %), faixa etária de 60 a 79 anos (49,95 %), cor branca (79,08 %), ensino fundamental incompleto (48,36 %) e estado conjugal casado (57,34 %). As neoplasias de pele representam a mais frequente localização primária (22,35 %). O estadiamento I do tumor foi o mais observado (20,98 %). As razões mais predominantes para não tratar, depois da opção “não se aplica”, foram doença avançada, falta de condições clínicas ou outras (6,97 %), ao passo que se verificou predomínio de doença estável (31,59 %) no final do primeiro tratamento recebido.Conclusão: os resultados apresentados oferecem subsídios para identificar as prioridades da atenção oncológica e traçam a configuração dos atendimentos a pacientes com câncer, o que direciona o planejamento de intervenções para proporcionar um atendimento de qualidade.