bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemasangan Infus Oleh Perawat Homecare Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Ditinjau Dari Pendekatan Good Samaritan Law Dan Sosiological Yurisprudence
Authors: Prio Agus Santoso Aris , Sukendar Sukendar , Galih Sumirat Aknes , Aisyah Pratiwi Dinar
Published: April 2022

The problem faced by partners at this time is that many nurse members experience a dilemma when carrying out health services through home visits due to limited authority while the community's need for the role of nurses is increasing due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. The purpose of this community service is to improve the performance of health workers in hospitals, update the expertise of hospital employees in handling complaints, and help solve operational problems in hospitals. The method used in this service is a literal approach, namely an action plan consisting of a set of steps to solve a problem or achieve a goal, then as a mental procedure in the form of an order of steps that uses the efforts of the creative realm to achieve certain goals. This community service will be carried out in September 2021 after obtaining approval from Educational Institutions and Partners. The output of this service is used as a community service journal published by LPPM Duta Bangsa University, Surakarta. The results of this community service are used as a reference by the PPNI Cilacap Professional Organization to be used as a reference in the formulation of policies related to the independent practice of nurses.
Enhancing Digital Competency: Validation of the Training Proposal for the Development of Teaching Digital Competence according to DigCompEdu
Authors: Palacios-Rodríguez Antonio , Martín-Párraga Lorena , Gutiérrez-Castillo Juan Jesús
Published: April 2022

The technologicalization of society has been a great challenge for education in the XXI century, seeing this in the need to face it in order to provide quality digital literacy. These accelerated changes have repercussions in various areas, among them the professionalization of teachers, due to the difficulties presented when updating their knowledge and adapting to the dizzying technological pace. Teaching Digital Competence (TDC) as safe and critical use of technologies is considered one of the key competencies, guarantors of educational success, within a new approach in virtual education. Following this line, the present research focuses on the design and subsequent validation of the structure, contents, and activities of a training program aimed at improving and developing the digital competence of non-university teachers according to the model of the DigCompEdu Framework belonging to the European Union. This research is part of a larger one and, as a previous step to a larger study, a Delphi-type validation design is established using an expert coefficient that has the participation of 50 people. The results demonstrate the validity of the training proposal, as well as the uniformity of the experts' criteria. In this sense, the application and benefits of this training action for skills development are discussed.
Urban Tree Residues: Results of the First National Inventory
Authors: Whittier Jack , Rue Denise , Haase Scott
Published: April 2022

The volume and characteristics of urban tree residues associated with tree pruning and other urban forestry activities have never been well documented, yet disposal of this residue is subject to increasing regulatory actions. The regulatory actions have a considerable impact on the activities of commercial, utility, and municipal tree care operations. This paper reports the results of the first national inventory of the volume and characteristics of urban tree residues. Residues are classified as follows: chips, logs, mixed wood, tops and brush, leaves, lawn clippings, and stumps. Generators of residues include the following: commercial tree care firms, municipal park and recreation departments, municipal tree care divisions, county tree care divisions, electric/telephone utility power line maintenance departments, nurseries, orchards, and landscapers. The national inventory assesses volume, characteristics, and disposal of the residues on both a regional basis as well as by size of metropolitan area. Finally, irregular residue inputs associated with natural disasters are discussed.
Management of Gypsy Moths Using Sticky Trunk Barriers and Larval Removal
Authors: Thorpe Kevin , Tatman Kathy , Sellers Patricia , Webb Ralph , Ridgway Richard
Published: April 2022

The effects of stieky trunk barriers and the removal of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, larvae from burlap skirts positioned above the trunk barriers on larval density and defoliation in the canopy of oak trees was tested. Sticky barrier bands reduced larval gypsy moth density and defoliation by approximately 25 and 30%, respectively. An average of 9 and 26 larvae were removed from trees with one and four burlap skirts, respectively. There was no indication that larval removal affected larval density or damage in the canopies of treated trees. The use of barrier bands and burlaps resulted in a greater accumulation of gypsy moth pupae and egg masses on the lower 2 m of the boles of treated trees, making these life stages more accessible for later removal or treatment. None of the treatments affected the total number of gypsy moth egg masses on treated trees. These results suggest that sticky trunk barriers can provide some foliage protection, but that, because the amount of protection is relatively small, they should not be relied upon for protection from gypsy moth damage.
Group-Tree Hazard Analysis
Authors: Bakken Stephen R.
Published: April 2022

Tree hazard control programs focus on individual tree risk analysis. Although microsite conditions are often evaluated, whole forests or groups of trees are rarely considered. A tree hazard program was initiated at a northern California state park in 1969. Since then, hundreds of trees have been removed from the campground to reduce the agency’s liability. Nevertheless, hundreds more trees have failed, causing injury and property damage. Traditional single tree risk assessment proved to be inadequate to stabilize this forest. Consequently, the environmental dynamics of the entire forest were assessed, and every tree was evaluated for its positive or negative contribution to the long term stability of the forest.
Prevention of Red Turpentine Beetle Attack by Servimol and Dragnet
Authors: Svihra Pavel
Published: April 2022

A single application of Sevimol (carbaryl) to the basal 6 to 7 feet of Pinus radiata trees significantly reduced infestations of the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens, and protected trees for up to 98 days. In another field study, a single application of Dragnet (permethrin) also significantly reduced infestations of D. valens and protected trees for up to 147 days. This study has shown that Dragnet might be incorporated into a pine pest management program directed against D. valens because it protected trees for almost five months, allowing ample time for the arborist to implement cultural practices to improve the pine's vigor and defenses.
Transplanting Two Champion Specimens of Mature Chinese Banyans
Authors: Jim C.Y.
Published: April 2022

Recent expansion of a urban-situated racecourse in Hong Kong proposed felling two champion specimens of mature Chinese Banyans (Ficus microcarpa). In response to public outcry, they were transplanted at great cost to a nearby site. The arboricultural-cum-engineering measures used to move the large trees, an unprecedented operation locally, are explained. The hydraulic approach conveying the trees held in 8 m diameter steel containers running on rails was workable but expensive. The impacts on the trees, and implications on the community's attitude towards trees and their welfare, are discussed.
Householder Evaluations of Street Trees in a Chicago Suburb
Authors: Schroeder Herbert , Ruffolo Steven
Published: April 2022

Residents of Downers Grave, Illinois were surveyed about the street trees in front of their homes and in their neighborhoods. Householders' perceptions of benefits and annoyances of eight street tree species and of five types of neighborhood tree populations were compared. The survey assessed residents' satisfaction with the benefits and annoyances they receive from the trees; the trees' size, shape, and growth rate; and the diversity of tree species and sizes in their neighborhoods.
Height, Caliper Growth, and Biomass Response of Ten Shade Tree Species to Treeshelters
Authors: Burger D.W. , Forister G.W. , Kiehl P.A.
Published: April 2022

Ten tree species common to the California landscape were grown from liners with or without treeshelters in the landscape for 2 years. Periodic (~ every 2 months) height and caliper measurements were taken and, at the end of the 2 years, all trees were harvested for fresh and dry weight biomass determinations. Response to the treeshelter microenvironment was species dependent. Height was greater for sheltered versus unsheltered trees during the first 30 to 250 days for all species After 2 years, only Ginkgo biloba and Pinus canariensis trees grown in shelters were taller than their unsheltered counterparts. Stem caliper was often reduced for sheltered trees. Treeshelters may be useful for tree establishment in the landscape, but should be removed once the tree has grown out of it. Staking likely will be required after removal of the treeshelter.
The Predictability of Tree Decay Based on Visual Assessments
Authors: Kennard Deborah K. , Putz Francis E. , Niederhofer Meg
Published: April 2022

A field study was conducted to measure the predictability of tree decay based on visual assessments. Predictions made by individual arborists, tree surgeons, and forest ecologists were compared with the actual amounts and distributions of decay in 10 hazardous laurel oaks (Quercus hemisphaerica) that were dissected. The mean deviations of predicted area of decay and predicted loss in strength from actual values were 0.4% and 2%, respectively. The interquartile range for predicted decay area was +12 to –15%; for strength loss it was +8 to –8%. Accuracy of the predictions improved with feedback. The results of this study suggest visual assessment can be a reliable means of predicting the internal extent of decay and hollow in potentially hazardous urban trees.
Sensitivity of Red Maple Cultivars to Acute and Chronic Exposures of Ozone
Authors: Findley Douglas , Keever Gary , Chappelka Arthur , Eakes D. Joseph , Gilliam Charles
Published: April 2022

Five red maple (Acer rubrum) cultivars, 'Autumn Flame', 'Fairview Flame', 'Franksred' (Red Sunset™), 'Northfire' and 'October Glory', and 1 Freeman maple cultivar (Acer°° freemanii 'Autumn Blaze', an interspecific cross between red maple and silver maple) were exposed to 0,100, 200, or 300 ppb ozone for 4 hours on 2 consecutive days. Visible foliar injury, characterized as a stipple on the upper leaf surface, was observed in all ozone treatments except the control, and occurred on the oldest leaves only. 'Autumn Flame' had the least visible injury (less than 1% of the leaves injured), while 'Northfire' had the most (4% of the leaves injured). In a chronic ozone exposure experiment, 3 red maple cultivars ('Autumn Flame', 'Fairview Flame', and 'October Glory'), and 1 Freeman maple cultivar ('Autumn Blaze') were exposed to sub-ambient, ambient, or twice-ambient ozone levels for 9 weeks. No visible foliar injury developed in any of the ozone treatments. No differences for plants in the 3 ozone treatments occurred for height, caliper, leaf, shoot, or root dry weight. Photosynthesis was lower for sub-ambient plants and similar for twice-ambient and ambient plants 4 weeks after treatment initiation, while at 8 weeks no differences occurred. These data indicate that red maple cultivars are relatively tolerant to elevated acute and chronic ozone exposures.
Educación Física, años iniciales y aprendizajes: una revisión de literatura em periódicos nacionales
Authors: Nunes Luciana Oliveira , Zilberstein Jacqueline , Bossle Fabiano
Published: April 2022

Em esta revisión de literatura integrativa se tiene por objetivo identificar como la Educación Física escolar, en los años iniciales, ha sido enfocada desde el punto de vista de los aprendizajes que se ha llevado a cabo. Para tanto se ha hecho una búsqueda en periódicos nacionales de parámetros A1 hasta B5 del Qualis CAPES para el "Area de Evaluación Educación Física", en los últimos diez años. Fue posible identificar que los aprendizajes que se lo requiere para esta etapa de enseñanza demuestran estar, en gran medida, pauteados por habilidades y competencias enfocadas en la racionalidad tecnico-instrumental. Sin embargo otros enfoques que buscan cuestionar y reconfigurar los documentos oficiales en el diálogo con  una perspectiva crítica, contextualizada, colectiva y dialética también, aunque en  menor número, se han hecho presentes en las producciones académicas.
College Freshmen Perceptions of the High School CASE Experience
Authors: Schramm Kelsey Rae Sands , Smalley Scott W. , Retallick Michael S.
Published: April 2022

Inquiry-based and problem-based learning are teaching strategies that classrooms across the United States are utilizing. Many agricultural education programs have incorporated hands-on or experiential learning activities, not only to teach their students, but to allow students to develop different skills to be successful within the agricultural industry. This study focused on students’ perceptions of Curriculum for Agricultural Science Education (CASE). Leagans Major Elements in a Teaching-Learning Situation was the framework for this study. Students indicated through focus groups that hands-on experiences and activities worked well in allowing them to learn the curriculum. Students indicated a strength of the CASE curriculum was the objectives that guided the learning. Challenges students experienced were with equipment and instructions that were lengthy and wordy. Future research should focus on a larger audience in multiple high school CASE certified programs across the country as well as identify administrator’s perceptions of the benefits and challenges of CASE.
Collaborer avec ses rivaux
Authors: Froment Delphine
Published: April 2022

En 1889, l’explorateur allemand Hans Meyer est le premier Européen à atteindre le sommet du Kilimandjaro. Depuis la fin du xviiie siècle, chaque première ascension de sommet est présentée comme une « conquête » et l’alpinisme devient un vecteur de nationalisme. Or, le Kilimandjaro est considéré comme le toit de l’Afrique, et les empires allemand, britannique et zanzibarite sont alors en concurrence en Afrique de l’Est. Aussi, à son retour, Meyer ne manque pas de souligner la portée politique de son exploit : il vient de faire du Kilimandjaro une montagne allemande. Pourtant, diverses sources montrent que Meyer a bénéficié d’un remarquable soutien logistique de la part du sultanat de Zanzibar et des Britanniques. En questionnant ces coopérations transimpériales, cet article entend montrer qu’en dépit d’un contexte de fortes rivalités, la conquête du Kilimandjaro n’est pas encore, à la fin des années 1880, vue comme un enjeu de puissance impériale, mais surtout comme une manifestation de la maîtrise occidentale de la nature.
La cause des indigènes
Authors: Sibeud Emmanuelle
Published: April 2022

Érigée en rhétorique officielle à la fin du xixe siècle, la protection des sujets dits indigènes redevient une cause à investir autour de la Première Guerre mondiale. Les deux associations qui aspirent à patronner cette réforme, l’Anti-Slavery & Aborigines’ Protection Society en Grande Bretagne et la Ligue des droits de l’homme en France, nouent dans les années 1910 des liens privilégiés avec une fraction des élites ouest-africaines qui fondent des sociétés auxiliaires ou des sections locales chargées de transmettre les plaintes des colonisés. Cet article propose de partir de ces échanges pour étudier ensemble protecteurs et protégés ouest-africains, dans une reconfiguration brève (des années 1910 au milieu des années 1920), mais assez indécise pour offrir de multiples opportunités aux uns et aux autres. Il s’agit d’aller ainsi au-delà d’une histoire souvent réduite aux protecteurs et d’examiner comment ces transactions participent à la production du nouvel ordre international et impérial à la sortie de la Première Guerre mondiale.
Return Saham dari Sudut Pandang Kinerja Operasi Perusahaan dan Ukuran Perusahaan
Authors: Mondayri Samses , Basyir Muhammad Faiz , Firmansyah Amrie
Published: April 2022

Abstrak: Dari berbagai sektor yang ada di Bursa Efek Indonesia, sektor industri dasar dan kimia merupakan sektor dengan harga saham yang relatif lebih stabil. Hal ini membuat sektor ini menjadi pilihan yang cukup menarik untuk berinvestasi karena sifat industrinya yang lebih stabil dan berhubungan dengan sektor-sektor lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, arus kas operasi, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap return saham yang diperoleh investor. Penelitian ini menggunakan data perusahaan sektor industri dasar dan kimia yang listed di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 20162019. Sampel penelitian diperoleh dengan menggunakan purposive sampling dan total sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian berjumlah 152 observasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa profitabilitas, leverage, dan arus kas operasi memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap return saham, sedangkan ukuran perusahaan tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap return saham. Hasil pengujian dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat informasi laporan keuangan yang digunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan investasi bagi investor.

 

Kata kunci: Profitabilitas, Leverage, Arus Kas Operasi, Ukuran Perusahaan, Return Saham

 

 

Abstract: Of the various sectors on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, the basic industry and chemical sectors are relatively stable stock prices. It makes this sector an attractive choice for investment due to the more stable nature of the industry and is associated with other sectors. This study aims to test the effect of profitability, leverage empirically, operating cash flow, and company size on stock returns obtained by investors. This study uses data from companies in the basic industry and chemical sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2016-2019. The research sample was obtained using purposive sampling, and the total sample used in the study amounted to 152 observations. This study concludes that profitability, leverage, and operating cash flow positively affect stock returns, while firm size does not affect stock returns. This study's test results indicate that there is financial statement information used in making investment decisions for investors.

 

Keywords: Profitability, Leverage, Operating Cash Flow, Firm Size, Stock Return
THE INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY AND FINANCIAL LITERATURE ON BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY
Authors: Budyastuti Triyani
Published: April 2022

Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) mempunyai peran besar sebagai upaya peningkatan dalam pembangunan ekonomi di Indonesia, pertumbuhan ekonomi serta membuka lapangan kerja baru. Kelangsungan hidup usaha (going concern) suatu perusahaan adalah tujuan utama dari suatu entitas bisnis dari sejak berdirinya entitas bisnis tersebut, kelangsungan hidup dari suatu entitas bisnis sangat berhubungan erat dengan bagaimana manajemen mengelola perusahaan baik dari faktor keuangan maupun faktor non keuangannya.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh  Financial Technology (fintech) dan literasi keuangan terhadap keberlanjutan Usaha para pelaku usaha mikro kecil dan menengah (UMKM) di Kelurahan Sudimara Timur. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh UMKM binaan yang terdaftar di Kelurahan Sudimara Timur. Peneliti menggunakan metode sampel jenuh, dimana populasi dijadikan sampel. Metode pengumpulan data primer yang dipakai adalah dengan metode kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik analisis regresi berganda dengan alat uji menggunakan PLS 3.0.

Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat pengaruh fintech dan literasi keuangan terhadap keberlangsungan usaha. Hal ini memberikan sinyal kepada pemerintah sebagai regulator, akademisi sebagai edukator, swasta sebagai katalisator, dan komunitas sebagai pendorong untuk mesosisialisasikan serta mengembangkan fintech dan literasi keuangan pada UMKM di Kelurahan Sudimara Timur khususnya.
Metropolis Tiyatrosu Sahne Binasının (Skene) Mimari Evreleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ARSLAN Burak , AYBEK Serdar
Published: April 2022

ÖZET

Metropolis Antik Kenti’nde 1990-2001, 2003 ve 2007 yıllarında gerçekleştirilen kazı çalışmalarıyla açığa çıkarılan tiyatronun koilon, orkestra ve sahne binası tanımlanabilir durumdadır. Ancak sahne binasının Hellenistik Dönem’deki ilk inşa sürecinde ne şekilde planlandığı konusunda herhangi bir veri bulunmamaktaydı. Bunun yanında mevcut skene’nin Roma Dönemi’nde inşa edildiği bilinmektedir. Skene’nin Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemi’ndeki planlama süreçlerinin ve bu süreçlerde uygulanan inşa tekniği, işçilik özellikleri ve kullanılan malzemenin niteliğinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi adına 2018-2019 yıllarında arkeolojik kazılar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgularla sahne binasının mimari evrelerine yönelik daha kesin verilere ulaşılmıştır. Özellikle skene’nin Hellenistik Dönem’deki temel duvarlarının anlaşılmasına yönelik yapılan kazılar sonucunda iki farklı yapılaşmanın olduğu görülmüştür. Roma Dönemi sahne binasının da odalarında gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarla altyapıya dair detaylı bilgiler edinilmiştir. Ayrıca sahne binasının içindeki beş odanın ölçüleri, tarihsel süreçte sahne binasının geçirdiği değişiklikler ve bunların sebeplerine yönelik araştırmalar da çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Skene dışındaki diğer iki ana bölüm olan koilon ve orkestra ile sahne binasının kronolojisi karşılaştırılmış ve bunların birbiri ile olan tutarlılığı kontrol edilmiştir
Evaluation of, Awareness and Accessibility of Anchor Borrowers’ Programme to Smallholder Rice Farmers in Jigawa State
Authors: Mahmud Wasila A. , Dahiru Surayya , Adamu Sanusi , Usman Mahmud N.
Published: April 2022

Nigeria is the largest rice producing country in West Africa, but also the second largest importer of rice in the world. The current government policy initiatives aim at prioritizing the rice sector and decreasing dependence on import thereby fostering production and supplying agricultural inputs. Nigeria is faced with mounting food import bills for the staple crop that has been consuming huge chunks of foreign exchange, particularly in times of low crude oil revenues, the government, in 2015, created the Anchor Borrowers Programme (ABP), a micro-credit scheme for farmers of identified crops, including rice. Jigawa State is mainly an agrarian area, and is one of the major rice producing zones in the country. Three specific objectives guided the study. One null hypothesis was formulated and tested as 0.05 level of significance. Data for the study was collected through a researcher designed questionnaire. Result was analyzed using descriptive statistics of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistic of binary logic regression was used to test the null hypothesis formulated. Result of the findings shows that there is high level of ABP awareness among smallholder rice farmers in the study area as well as high accessibility of farmers to the facilities provided. Government should give larger financial support to the programme and should be made available in all rice growing states of the federation was among recommendations made.
AN ANALYSIS OF SELECTED ED SHEERAN’S SONGS LYRIC IN PERFECT, SHAPE OF YOU, AND PHOTOGRAPH DISCOURSE ANALYSIS APPROACH
Authors: Kemal Edwar , Damayanti Muthia
Published: April 2022

Song is a kind of literature art that expresses many aspects of life. It can provides usmore than pleasure of imagination. Ed Sheeran’s  is a musician and a music playing guitar at a young age and soon after started writing his own songs. Since signing with Atlantic, Sheeran has sold millions of records, had a song appear in the second installment of The Hobbit trilogy and won Grammys. The purpose of this research is to analyze the connotative meaning in selected Ed Sheeran’s songs lyric. The researcher uses content-analysis because the data that the researcher uses and takes is a song lyric. Result in this research is Ed Sheeran’s uses Frienliness and Happiness connotative in his lyrics to the listener in a encouraging way, something that makes the listener easy to understand knowing what is the connotation in the lyric.
DIRECT OPEN STRATEGY IN JAVANESE APOLOGY SPEECH ACT: A PRAGMATIC STUDY
Authors: Maruti Endang Sri
Published: April 2022

This study aims to find forms and explanations of open strategies directly on the speech act of apologizing in Javanese. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with an ethnopragmatic design. Research data obtained from 46 research subjects through observation and in-depth interviews. Data analysis was carried out with a flow model in which there were reduction, presentation, verification, and inference. The results showed that direct 'open' strategy are (a) praising the pt first, (b) sympathizing, (c) using group similarity markers, (d) seeking or asking for opinions, (e) making offers and promises, (f ) giving reasons, (g) giving respect, (h) admitting mistakes, (i) begging very much, and (j) repeating an apology
MINANGKABAU TRADITIONAL THEATER IN THE FRAMEWORK OF DISCOURSE STUDIES
Authors: Maryelliwati Maryelliwati , Rahmad Hari Adi , Charaka Kenji Putra
Published: April 2022

Basically, a theater script is a disclosure of life through the form of language.  This study will look at how the Minangkabau traditional theater analyzed the frame of discourse studies and raised its moral message. The method is qualitative analysis with literature and field research. From the results of literature and field found that discourse that appears in theater scripts such as ceremonies, rituals, stories, or entertainment is an act of speech or events. As a cultural index, the language in the Minangkabau theater script also reveals the way of thinking and organizing the experience of its speakers which in certain fields appear in lexical items and as symbolic language culture indicates ethnic cultural identity.
STUDENT SPEAKING ACTIONS IN UNDERSTANDING THE MEANING OF ENGLISH COMMUNICATION HOMOPONS IN THE LECTURE ROOM
Authors: Delpa Delpa , Afrinda Putri Dian
Published: April 2022

The meaning of homophones is a part of the vocabulary that is difficult to understand because the sound when the pronunciation is the same but the meaning is different. For example, the words to, two and too spoken by English users will sound the same. This causes missinterpretation in giving meaning. Along with that, basically advances in communication technology have made it easier for students to learn English related to the meaning of the homophone. Students can also learn this through various applications such as Facebook, Snack Video, Tik Tok as a teaching resource in exploring the meaning of homophones in English. In addition, students can also communicate in English with various countries based on this communication technology. The problem is that although advances in communication technology have provided space and opportunities for students to master English related to the meaning of homophones, there are still many students who do not understand the use of the meaning of homophones in English. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which students understand the meaning of the use of homophone words such as to, two and too to students in the lecture room. This research consists of three study rules. First, the rule of study uses the rules of a questionnaire to 500 students from various universities. Apart from that, the reviewer also used the rules of in-depth interview (In-Depth Interview) to 5 informants. The analysis of the study uses quantitative and qualitative rules where the reviewer will emphasize student speech and explanations supported by information from study informants. The objective of research about ability of the student university level how to read and heard the homophone word by the lecturer. From the analysis of the data, it can be concluded that the students easily understanding read the homophone and difficult the homophone, like to, two and too. The rule family institution teaching homophone English language to their children can improve about English language ability especially understanding homophone, like to, two and too. Besides that, communication technology can help the student learning English language about homophone.
The perception of palaeontology in commercial off-the-shelf video games and an assessment of their potential as educational tools
Authors: Clements Thomas , Atterby Jake , Cleary Terri , Dearden Richard , Rossi Valentina
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Video games now comprise the largest sector of the media entertainment industry. Hundreds of video games, spanning a huge variety of genres and platforms, use extinct animals and/or palaeontological themes as a basis for their gameplay. Because of this, many players, especially children, spend long periods of time engaging with, and immersed in, palaeontological concepts and themes. Indeed, video games may be the first medium of implicit or tangential science communication they engage with, especially with regards to palaeontology. However, commercial off-the-shelf video games are not primarily designed to be educational tools, and the proliferation of some common tropes can disseminate harmful and/or unethical (mis)information regarding palaeontology. This paper introduces the major types of palaeontological video games and discusses their educational potential. Moreover, we highlight the most common palaeontological tropes observed in video games, both positive and negative, to better inform science communicators about the perception of palaeontology (and ancient animals) in this massively influential medium. Furthermore, by highlighting common misconceptions and harmful tropes we aim to bring awareness to game developers who may be unaware that they could be propagating negative tropes about palaeontological science.
Regional coupled surface-subsurface hydrological model fitting based on a spatially distributed minimalist reduction of frequency-domain discharge data
Authors: Flipo Nicolas , Gallois Nicolas , Schuite Jonathan
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Although integrated water resources models are indispensable tools for water management at various scales, it is of primary importance to ensure their proper fitting on hydrological variables, avoiding flaws related to equifinality. An innovative step-wise fitting methodology is therefore proposed, which can be applied for any river basin model, from catchment to continental scale as far as hydrological models or land surface models are concerned. The methodology focuses on hydrosystems considering both surface water and groundwater, as well as internal water fluxes such as river baseflow. It is based on the thorough analysis of hydrological signal transformation by various components of a coupled surface--subsurface hydrosystem, in a nested approach, that considers the conditionality of parameter fields on their input forcing fluxes. The methodology is based on the decomposition of hydrological signal in the frequency domain with the HYMIT (HYdrological MInimalist Transfer function) method (Schuite et al., 2019). Parameters derived from HYMIT are used to fit the coupled surface–subsurface hydrological model CaWaQS3.03 using a step-wise methodology, which relies on successive Markov chain Monte Carlo optimizations, related to various objective functions representing the dependency of the hydrological parameters fields on forcing input fluxes. This new methodology enables significant progress to be made in terms of the spatial distribution of the model parameters and the water balance components, at the regional scale. The use of many control stations such as discharge gauging stations with HYMIT leads to a coarse parameter distribution that is then refined by the fitting of CaWaQS parameters on its own mesh. The step-wise methodology is exemplified with the Seine River basin (~76,000 km2). In particular, it made it possible to spatially identify fundamental hydrological values, such as rainfall partitioning into actual evapotranspiration, as well as runoff and aquifer recharge through its impluvium, in both the time and frequency domains. Such a fitted model facilitates the analysis of both the overall and detailed territorial functioning of the river basin, including explicitly the aquifer system. A reference piezometric map of the upmost free aquifer units and a water budget of the Seine basin are established, detailing all external and internal fluxes up to the exchanges between the eight simulated aquifer layers. The results showed that the overall contribution of the aquifer system to the river discharge of the river network in the Seine basin varies spatially within a wide range (5–96 %), with an overall contribution at the outlet of the basin of 67 %. The geological substratum greatly influences the contribution of groundwater to the river discharge.
Hotspots for warm and dry summers in Romania
Authors: Nagavciuc Viorica , Scholz Patrick , Ionita Monica
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The combined effect of hot and dry extremes can have disastrous consequences
for society, the economy, and the environment. While a significant number of
studies have been conducted regarding the variability of the individual hot
or dry extremes in Romania, the evaluation of the combined effect of these
extremes (e.g., compound effect) is still lacking for this region. Thus, in
this study, we have assessed the spatiotemporal variability and trends of
hot and dry summers in Romania, between 1950 and 2020, and we have analyzed
the relationship between the frequency of hot summers and the prevailing
large-scale atmospheric circulation. The length, spatial extent, and
frequency of heat waves (HWs) in Romania present decadal variations, with the
rate of increase being accelerated after the 1990s. The smallest number of
HWs was observed between 1970 and 1985, while the highest number of HWs has
been recorded over the last 2 decades (i.e., 2001–2020). The hottest
years, in terms of heat wave duration and frequency, were 2007, 2012, 2015,
and 2019. One of the key drivers of hot summers, over our analyzed region,
is the prevailing large-scale circulation, featuring an anticyclonic
circulation over the central and eastern parts of Europe and enhanced
atmospheric blocking activity associated with positive temperature anomalies
underneath. The results from this study can help improve our understanding
of the spatiotemporal variability of hot and dry summers over Romania, as
well as their driving mechanisms, which might lead to a better predictability
of these extreme events in the region.
Clinical Considerations in the Approach to Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci: A Narrative Review
Authors: Beale John W. , Durward-Diioia Marina
Published: April 2022

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) increasingly colonize and infect assorted patient populations throughout the world, maintaining a continual reservoir of opportunistic pathogens with varying antibiotic resistance. Here we present the current general epidemiology and classification of these pathogens within the scope of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Risk factors for colonization and conditions for subsequent infection are reviewed, along with infection characteristics. Current infection control protocols and their effectiveness, selected evidence-based medical therapies, and ongoing research into alternative therapies are summarized.
Content analysis of Islamiyat (Compulsory) Textbooks of class 5th session 2019-2020 and session 2021-2122(SNC syllabus)
Authors: Hussain Iqbal , Abbas Farhat , Asim Raazia
Published: April 2022

Islamiyat is not a modern concept in Pakistan. It is being taught in Pakistan as compulsory subject for many years after the birth of Pakistan. As a Muslim, it is our religious duty to learn it’s all concepts that’s why the Punjab government has declared it as a separate subject for all schools and the Nazara Quran in the framework of the SNC. It was lacking in all educational policies. Nazara Quran as a compulsory subject will help the students to develop the positive changes as per needs of our religion. Textbooks play an important role in this regard. This study was designed to explore the content analysis of the Islamiyat of class 5th session 2019-2020 and 2021-2022(SNC syllabus). The finding of the study examined those textbooks where significant differences in contents between the two books. Some new things are added and somethings are deleted. Main thing of SNC syllabus Islamiyat book is that Khatamun Nabyeen (S.A.W.) is placed along with our beloved Prophet Hazarat Muhammad (S.A.W) which is the most important addition being follower of the last Prophet (S.A.W). During the content analysis we have fined some similarities between these two books like promoting the Islamic. Booth books have the ability to develop moral values in our students to lead the life according to Islam. These books also promote the concept of unity, brotherhood, punctuality and love with nation and country.
Structural, electronic properties and reflectivity of ScTGe (Ag, Cu) Compounds
Authors: Khan Shamim , Saima  , Zada Yousaf
Published: April 2022

We have investigated structural, electronic and optical properties of half-Heusler materials Scandium Silver Germanium (ScAgGe) and Scandium Copper Germanium (ScCuGe) compounds by using state of the art FPLAPW based on the DFT. Optimization procedure is used to obtain the structural properties of the compounds. The bands of these compounds ScTGe(T= Ag, Cu) cross the Fermi level so these compounds show semi-metallic nature. The density of states shows mixed s and d states in the bands. From the optical spectrum of compounds, it is observed that reflectivity of these compounds is very high.
Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese Chromites Spinel by using Sol-gel Method
Authors: Afsin Gungor  , Ali Ozhan
Published: April 2022

In the present paper we reports the synthesis of spinel Maganese Chromites (MnCr2O4) Nano-Crystalline by sol gel method. The sample was calcined at different temperature like 750?C and 950?C for good results. Ethylene glycol which is used to control the agglomeration of Nano-particles. By powder x-ray diffraction combine average particle size of Nano-particles was determined which shows that crystal size increases from 19nm to more when we increase the sintered temperature. SEM shows that results are in good agreements. From PL spectra the band gap energy was calculated which is almost 4.03 eV at 750?C but it can decreases when we increase the temperature like 950?C is 3.89 eV. Raman results showed that wavelength is maximum like 1306cm-1 and 1465cm-1.
Pressure Induce Variations in the Lattice Constant and Energy Gap of SrThO3
Authors: Saleem Ayaz Khan  , Shahina Bibi  , Kainat Arif
Published: April 2022

SrThO3 belong to stable perovskites family. Some theoretical works have been performed on this compound. However the pressure effect in the pressure range 0 to 30 GPa was never conducted. This work highlights the importance of the hydrostatic compression on the lattice constant and energy bandgap of the compound. Lattice parameter is found to decrease with increasing pressure. SrThO3 comes out as a direct band gap material. We discussed the effect of pressure on the energy band gap and got to know that overall energy band gap decreases as pressure increases. Finally we discussed the density of states of SrThO3 and plotted it against energy.
Structural, optical, and electrical properties of alkaline earth doped La2-xAxFeMnO6 (A = Ca, Sr, and Ba) double perovskites
Authors: Ahmad Javed , Yasmin Maryam , Ahmad Uzaira , Bukhari S. Hamad , Nissar Umair , Khan Jamshaid Alam , Abbas Hammad
Published: April 2022

The polycrystalline double perovskites La2-xAxFeMnO6 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba; x = 0.0, 0.4) were synthesized through citrate sol-gel auto-combustion technique. The structural, optical, and electrical properties were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy at room temperature, while electrical and dielectric measurements were evaluated at temperature ranges from 303 to 423 K. The XRD analysis through Rietveld refinement suggests the single phase orthorhombic (Pnma) symmetry for all the synthesized samples. The infrared reflectivity (IR) spectra were obtained from Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. The spectra were fitted by Lorentz oscillator model, to observe the optical phonon modes. The activation energies were calculated by DC resistivity measurements. According to the resistivity measurement the samples shows the semiconducting nature. The temperature dependent dielectric constant and tangent-loss with varying frequency are measured and discussed.
Particulate Matter as a Giant Fraction of Fossil Fuel in Urbanized Areas
Authors: Ilyas Syed Zafar , Hassan Ather
Published: April 2022

Fossil fuel injects particulate matter into a clean environment which has diverse effects on the biosphere. It is the cry of the masses which stimulates investigation of the local ambient environment for Particulate Matter (PM) and its sources. The purpose has been achieved by using versatile techniques such as Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI™) for collection, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometry for characterization by Size Mass Concentration, and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy techniques were utilized to identify and quantify different PM in the study area. The urban territories (different locations of Okara) were found contaminated with coarse, fine, and ultra-fine Particulate matter because of local industries and vehicular emissions. Coarse particles (PM10) of size 3.2 µm and 10 µm, fine particles (PM2.5) and Ultra-fine particles (0.056 µm) were quantified around 8 ?g/m3, 10 ?g/m3 and 25 ?g/m3 respectively. The obtained results could be linked with the widespread use of low-quality fossil fuels and the increased number of vehicles. The ultimate solution to the prevailing scenario can be in hand by switching over to renewable energies such as solar, hydrogen, and wind.
Structural, optical and cytotoxic behavior of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and its nanocomposites with zinc oxide
Authors: Khalid Allah Ditta , Rehman Naeem-ur- , Iqbal Sadia Saghar , Buzdar Saeed Ahmad , Ahmad Mushtaq
Published: April 2022

Different metallic oxide nanoparticles showed cytotoxicity against various types of cancerous cells. The cytotoxicity mostly depends on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. For that purpose, TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized by chemical route. Additionally, the ZnO was deposited on TiO2 to prepare nanocomposites ZnO@TiO2 .The Prepared nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized for their structural, morphological, optical and cytotoxicity behaviour by using techniques by  X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Visible spectroscopy and ROS generation .Their structural properties indicate the anatase phase of TiO2 while ZnO formed has shown hexagonal wurtzite structure. The SEM images showed that TiO2 NPs are formed in very small and uniform spherical morphology while ZnO formed in the form of small nanorods. Both types of morphology are visible in the ZnO@TiO2 nanocomposites as well. The optical energy band gap values show the reduction in the band gap of TiO2 when it’s composite has been made with ZnO nanorods. The anticancer activity was checked through ROS generation, MTT assay was used for this purpose. The results show almost uniform ROS generation in case of TiO2 and ZnO nanostructures but it shows a reduction in ROS generation in case of ZnO@TiO2 nanocomposites. This result may be related to the less available surface area for the individual particles of one type for ROS generation
Raman Spectroscopy used for Cartonides Analysis: Nutrients in Eatables to Enhance Natural Immunity Against Cancer
Authors: Liaqat Maryam , Younas Ayesha , Rasheed Imaad , Jabeen Saher , Hashmi Zunaira , Arshad Kamran , Raza Ali
Published: April 2022

Raman spectroscopy (RS) is simple stable efficient diagnostic tool for body fluids, tissues and other biomolecules. Carotenoids play a key role in protecting the cell damage by viral bacterial diseases. Vegetables are carotenoid enriched. No standard data is available for carotenoids concentration in non-vegetable eatables. Presently, RS is used to compare the blood and plasma of different animals like sheep, goat and buffalo consumed by human. Beta carotene is first time investigated for eatable animals. The 16 peaks were analyzed with RS within the range of 600-1700 cm-1 for carotenoid peaks by comparing with database available for human samples. This research was done to get the source of carotenoid to enhance the natural immunity by eatable goods.
Alternative for Renewable Energy
Authors: Osama Muhammad , Waseem Najam , Ullah Emran
Published: April 2022

Importance of renewable energy resources has increased since the discussion on climate change has evolved from a lesser-known fact to a global issue. Heavy traffic across the globe has increased abruptly. Utilization of the energy generated by the interference of wheels of a moving vehicle and a speed breaker. A roller conveyor would serve as a part of the road that is embedded as a speed breaker. Millions of cars pass through the national highways if we are to implement the system or the project which is under consideration by means of the “Power generation by using the speed breakers”. The apparatus would consist of a roller conveyor attached to a full-fledged mechanical gear operational on the rack and pinion mechanism. The product design is assembled to acquire less space and provide more useful energy. The product design is feasible and can be implemented across the globe anywhere on the highways. The whole concept is based upon the electromechanical principles of physics mainly. Keywords: Renewable energy, electromagnetism, electrical power, energy demands, speed breakers.
A Study on the Physical Properties of SmMn2O5 Multiferroics by the Doping of Transition Metals
Authors: Ahmad Javed , Shoaib Muhammad , Abbas Hammad , Bukhari Syed Hammad , Nissar Umair , Alam Khan Jamshaid
Published: April 2022

The polycrystalline SmMn1.8B0.2O5 (B = Fe, Cr, Co, and Ni) have been synthesized by using the sol-gel auto combustion technique sintered at 9500C. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction at room temperature which shows that all the samples are single phase because no secondary peaks were observed in the process of fitting by JANA 2006. All materials have an orthorhombic structure with a space group of Pbam. By changing the elements of the B-site with the same proportion, the variation in the lattice parameters and volume is described briefly and compared with other RMn2O5 multiferroics. The temperature-dependent electrical measurements were performed to calculate the activation energy and Arrhenius plot which show that all materials have semiconducting nature.