bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spreading of warm ocean waters around Greenland as a possible cause for glacier acceleration
Authors: Rignot E. , Fenty I. , Menemenlis D. , Xu Y.
Published: June 2012

We examine the pattern of spreading of warm subtropical-origin waters around Greenland for the years 1992–2009 using a high-resolution (4km horizontal grid) coupled ocean and sea-ice simulation. The simulation, provided by the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II (ECCO2) project, qualitatively reproduces the observed warming of subsurface waters in the subpolar gyre associated with changes of the North Atlantic atmospheric state that occurred in the mid-1990s. The modeled subsurface ocean temperature warmed by 1.5˚C in southeast and southwest Greenland during 1994–2005 and subsequently cooled by 0.5˚C; modeled subsurface ocean temperature increased by 2–2.5˚C in central and then northwest Greenland during 1997–2005 and stabilized thereafter, while it increased after 2005 by <0.5˚C in north Greenland. Comparisons with in situ measurements off the continental shelf in the Labrador and Irminger Seas indicate that the model initial conditions were 0.4˚C too warm in the south but the simulated warming is correctly reproduced; while measurements from eastern Baffin Bay reveal that the model initial conditions were 1.0˚C too cold in the northwest but the simulated ocean warming brought modeled temperature closer to observations, i.e. the simulated warming is 1.0˚C too large. At several key locations, the modeled oceanic changes off the shelf and below the seasonal mixed layer were rapidly transmitted to the shelf within troughs towards (model-unresolved) fjords. Unless blocked in the fjords by shallow sills, these warm subsurface waters had potential to propagate down the fjords and melt the glacier fronts. Based on model sensitivity simulations from an independent study (Xu and others, 2012), we show that the oceanic changes have very likely increased the subaqueous melt rates of the glacier fronts, and in turn impacted the rates of glacier flow.
The Global Consequences of Mistranslation: The Adoption of the “Black but …” Formulation in Europe, 1440–1650
Authors: Lowe Kate
Published: June 2012

This article investigates the genesis of a linguistic model occasioned by a mistranslation that was taken up in the Renaissance, and had an enduring global impact. I call this model the “black but…” formulation, and it is to be found in the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries throughout written texts and reported speech, in historical as well as literary works. It was modeled grammatically and ideologically on the statement “I am black but beautiful” often attributed to the Queen of Sheba in 1:5 of the “Song of Songs”, and had a detrimental effect on how members of the early African forced diaspora were viewed by Renaissance Europeans. I argue that the newly adversarial nature of the phrase was adopted as a linguistic and cultural formulation, and introduced into Western European cultures a whole way of approaching and perceiving blackness or looking at black African people.
Subtitle Synchronization across Multiple Screens and Devices
Authors: Rodriguez-Alsina Aitor , Talavera Guillermo , Orero Pilar , Carrabina Jordi
Published: June 2012

Ambient Intelligence is a new paradigm in which environments are sensitive and responsive to the presence of people. This is having an increasing importance in multimedia applications, which frequently rely on sensors to provide useful information to the user. In this context, multimedia applications must adapt and personalize both content and interfaces in order to reach acceptable levels of context-specific quality of service for the user, and enable the content to be available anywhere and at any time. The next step is to make content available to everybody in order to overcome the existing access barriers to content for users with specific needs, or else to adapt to different platforms, hence making content fully usable and accessible. Appropriate access to video content, for instance, is not always possible due to the technical limitations of traditional video packaging, transmission and presentation. This restricts the flexibility of subtitles and audio-descriptions to be adapted to different devices, contexts and users. New Web standards built around HTML5 enable more featured applications with better adaptation and personalization facilities, and thus would seem more suitable for accessible AmI environments. This work presents a video subtitling system that enables the customization, adaptation and synchronization of subtitles across different devices and multiple screens. The benefits of HTML5 applications for building the solution are analyzed along with their current platform support. Moreover, examples of the use of the application in three different cases are presented. Finally, the user experience of the solution is evaluated.
The Role of Molecular Pathology in Non-Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma—Now and in the Future
Authors: Brandao G.D.A. , Brega E.F. , Spatz A.
Published: June 2012

In recent years, better understanding of the molecular biology of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has led to a revolution in the work-up of these neoplasms. As a pathology diagnosis, “NSCLC” without further attempt at subclassification is no longer accepted as a standard of care; separating squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma and large-cell carcinoma carries implications for prognosis and treatment decisions. Currently, detection of the presence in NSCLC of mutations involving the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene and fusion of the N-terminal portion of the protein encoded by EML4 (echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 gene) with the intracellular signaling portion of the receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene)—that is, EML4–ALK—and variants has become routine in many centres because patients having tumours harbouring such alterations might benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors as part of their treatment regimen. The purpose of the present review is to highlight important aspects of the screening for molecular derangements in NSCLC and to briefly discuss the emergence of possible future biomarkers.
Personalized medicine in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: promising targets and current clinical trials
Authors: Black A. , Morris D.
Published: June 2012

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related death globally, with most patients presenting with non-curable disease. Platinum-based doublet chemotherapy has been the cornerstone of treatment for patients with advanced-stage disease and has resulted in a modest increase in overall survival (on the order of an incremental 2 months increased survival per decade) and quality of life. Improved knowledge of the molecular signalling pathways found in NSCLC has led to the development of biomarkers with associated targeted therapeutics, thus changing the treatment paradigm for many NSCLC patients. In this review, we present a summary of many of the currently investigated NSCLC targets, discuss their current clinical trial status, and provide commentary as to the likelihood of their success making a positive impact for NSCLC patients.
INFLUENCE OF THE AGE OF EPOXY DISPERSION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTION OF CONCRETE SURFACES
Authors: Stehlík Michal
Published: June 2012

The scope of this paper is to test stability and mechanical and chemical properties of a modern freshly mixed epoxy dispersion, and as a variant, of a dispersion which is two years old. During ageing, the dispersion particles probably agglomerate, which is tested by laser diffraction and by sedimentation in a cylinder. Physical-mechanical tests assess the appearance, drying speed and mechanical properties of the film. Chemical tests focus on assessing the resistance of films of dispersions of different ages to common chemicals and to chemical defrosting agents. It is possible to say that two years of dispersion storage lead to a considerable increase in the diameter of a certain number of dispersion particles with the subsequent effect of increasing the sedimentation speed. The hardened film of a two-year old dispersion dries faster, has a rougher surface, is softer, but on the other hand, is less elastic and its adhesive capacity to the substrate is worse. Its chemical resistance is decreased but its defrosting agent resistance remains good. Due to the two-year storage of the epoxy dispersion, most of the monitored parameters decrease, nevertheless, certain protection of concrete structures by a hardened film of such epoxy dispersions is possible.
Threat Prioritization Process for the Czech Security Strategy Making
Authors: Balaban Milos , Krulik Oldrich , Krulik Vladimir , Ludvik Jan , Moravec Ludek , Rasek Antonin , Stejskal Libor
Published: June 2012

This article offers systematic view of a process of identification of security threats and, subsequently, their use in the making of strategic documents, notably the Security Strategy of the Czech Republic. It is not the aim of the authors to name or define such threats, but to present the process itself. It is paramount to any credible security strategy that it deals with the threat identification in the most precise fashion. The authors take reservations against the "catalogue" approach and claim the processes of prioritization and categorization to be essential for any policies derived from the security strategy, especially in times of economic need. It is also the 2011 final paper of the project "Trends, Risks, and Scenarios of the Security Developments in the World, Europe, and the Czech Republic - Impacts on the Policy and Security System of the Czech Republic" (TRS / VG20102013009).
Liberté individuelle et solidarités
Authors: Castel Robert
Published: June 2012

Résumé L’indépendance et la liberté de l’individu existent parce qu’il est pris dans un système de protections collectives. Or cette forme d’équilibre a été profondément remise en question par la « crise » au début des années 1970. La mondialisation, la montée en puissance du « néo-libéralisme » ont imposé que les solidarités collectives soient désormais perçues comme des obstacles qui s’opposent au libre déploiement du marché et à la compétitivité des entreprises. Cette « grande transformation » (Karl Polanyi) a pour conséquence l’expansion de la précarité, la dynamique de fragmentation et de dissociation sociale. Dans ce climat, les toxicomanes sont parmi les populations les plus fragiles, les plus menacées d’exclusion dans nos sociétés.
Stéréotypes des femmes dans les films sud-coréens et nord-coréens
Authors: Coppola Antoine
Published: June 2012

Résumé Il s’agit d’une approche sociologique et comparative des représentations cinématographiques en Corée. Le cinéma de Corée du Nord produit un imaginaire des femmes qui balance entre la tradition néo-confucianiste et l’idéologie socialiste. Exécutantes sous l’emprise de la tradition patriarcale, les femmes de ces images évoluent selon les mots d’ordre de l’idéologie, même si des variations ténues les montrent tentées par l’Occident ou plus réticentes à admirer la mythologie ouvriériste du parti. En Corée du Sud, les représentations font des femmes des êtres plus psychologiques qu’idéologiques. Un nouvel imaginaire se fait jour où les femmes semblent aller vers plus d’indépendance dans un système capitaliste qui fait bon ménage avec la tradition néo-confucianiste. Cette indépendance prend soit la forme de l’embourgeoisement soit, plus rarement, celle de la prolétarisation. Entre la jeune fille et la femme mariée et mère, se dessine le portrait plus ou moins imaginaire d’une simple femme n’ayant pas encore de rôle bien défini à tenir.
Validating Clinical Competence
Authors: Chappell Kathy , Koithan Mary
Published: June 2012

Professional registered nurses must be competent to provide care in today’s fast-paced, highly technical clinical environment. Competency programs designed to teach and evaluate essential knowledge, skills, and abilities of registered nurses are one method organizations may use to demonstrate nursing proficiency.
The Final Act of Nursing Care
Authors: Caramanzana Heather , Wilches Paola
Published: June 2012

This column addresses postmortem care education beyond skills demonstration to explore staff’s experience of a patient’s death.
¿Derecho de fuga? Derecho de migración y nacionalidad cosmopolita
Authors: Granado Almena Víctor
Published: June 2012

Las migraciones transnacionales sirven como clave hermenéutica para reflexionar sobre la forma política del mundo a partir de los desajustes que generan. La presencia cada vez mayor de personas fuera de sus Estados de procedencia pone a prueba: a) la realidad de los derechos humanos, b) el poder de control de los Estados nacionales y c) la vigencia de las categorías clásicas de la filosofía política para comprender la globalización. El desplazamiento global y el aumento de personas fuera de lugar desafían la estructura que ligaba territorialidad, soberanía y ciudadanía. Para comprender esta realidad enfrentamos aquí las tesis de Mezzadra y Vitale respecto de la experiencia del desplazamiento. Esto significa comprender el desplazamiento bien como fuga o bien como un movimiento de salida y el desplazamiento como ejercicio del derecho humano al libre tránsito de las personas en la era global.
Migraciones y apertura cosmopolita de la ciudadanía
Authors: Peña Echeverría Javier
Published: June 2012

Este artículo pretende mostrar, por una parte, cómo las migraciones contribuyen a transformar la realidad y la comprensión de la ciudadanía. Alteran la composición social y cultural de las sociedades receptoras, y la percepción de sus miembros sobre su condición de ciudadanos e impulsan la reflexión sobre la solidez de sus convicciones democráticas. Por otra parte, se sostiene que la ciudadanía podría hacer realidad los derechos de los migrantes como seres humanos, convirtiéndolos en derechos ciudadanos. Para ello es preciso romper el carácter particularista de la ciudadanía en el estado nacional, orientándola en un sentido cosmopolita.
La superación del naturalismo en Ortega y Gasset
Authors: Conill-Sancho Jesús
Published: June 2012

Este artículo expone la crítica de Ortega y Gasset al naturalismo y el fracaso de la razón naturalista, y muestra su nueva concepción de la razón vital, histórica y narrativa, como un paradigma alternativo, basándose en la dialéctica de las experiencias, la imaginación creativa del «animal fantástico» y en una nueva visión de la vida que proviene de Nietzsche, Dilthey y Goethe, que puede contribuir a afrontar el reto de los nuevos naturalismos en el contexto del pensamiento actual.
Terrorismo y estereotipos de género
Authors: Pérez Sedeño Eulalia
Published: June 2012

Las discusiones e investigaciones sobre el terrorismo raramente se centran en la implicación del género en la cuestión. La idea de que las mujeres sólo desempeñan, en todo caso, labores de apoyo, corresponde a unos estereotipos de género que asocian a las mujeres con la ternura, la compasión, la sensibilidad, el cariño, el cuidado, el afecto y la sumisión. Dichos estereotipos extienden la creencia de que las mujeres son apolíticas, que la división del trabajo entre mujeres y hombres se basa en diferencias físicas y en la distinta capacidad de unas y otros para llevar a cabo ciertos actos y en que el propósito y función primaria de una mujer es ser madre y esposa en vez de tener una identidad. Al aceptar esos estereotipos, las mujeres terroristas se convierten en una anomalía, en algo irracional, en especial las terroristas suicidas islamistas.
El derecho de gentes frente a la globalización
Authors: Herrera Guevara Asunción
Published: June 2012

Durante la mayor parte de su historia, el Derecho Internacional ha estado centrado en el Estado-nación. En el momento presente no podemos pensar la política internacional sin un nivel de actuación postnacional. La globalización exige este nuevo nivel. En este artículo, me detendré especialmente en el modelo del filósofo John Rawls. La posición que defiendo es que la propuesta de Rawls es insuficiente. Mostraré cómo la oposición de Rawls al cosmopolitismo y su negativa a unir el derecho de gentes a una idea sustantiva de justicia lo imposibilitan para atender el problema prioritario internacional: la erradicación de la pobreza.
Aleukemic Granulocytic Sarcoma Presenting at Multiple Sites: Ovary, Breast and Soft Tissue
Authors: Nigam Jitendra Singh , Misra Vatsala , Kumar Varsha , Varma Kachnar
Published: June 2012

An 18 year old female presented with the history of pain in abdomen, breast engorgement, swelling over both legs and breathlessness for three month. On clinical examination diagnosis of fibroadenoma breast was made. Ultrasonography of abdomen showed bilateral ovarian mass. Bilateral salpingo-ophrectomy was done and specimen was sent for histological examination. Two lobulated solid masses of tissues the larger one measuring 13×8×5 cm and smaller one measuring 10×7×5 cm in size received. Microscopic examination showed monomorphic population of discohesive, hyperchromatic small round cells had high N:C ratio, coarse chromatin, conspicuous nucleoli and scant to moderate amount of basophilic cytoplasm, lying in sheets and separated by fibrous strands and diffusely infiltrating the ovarian stroma. Fine needle aspiration from breast lump and leg swelling showed predominant population of blast cells. Myeloperoxidase was strongly positive and diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma was confirmed.
The role of stigmas in mental health: A comparative study
Authors: Idemudia Erhabor S. , Matamela Nyambeni A.
Published: June 2012

Background: HIV (Human immunodeficiency Virus), AIDS and cancer are feared terminal diseases. HIV sufferers are known to be stigmatized. The stigma surrounding cancer, unfortunately, is hardly the focus of psychological investigations, and hence this provoked the need to compare the stigma suffered by both groups, and how these have impacted on the psychological functioning of the disease sufferer. Objectives: The study had two main objectives, firstly, to explore whether HIV patients suffer more stigma than cancer patients or not, and secondly, to understand the most common type of stigma and if stigma is associated with psychopathology. Psychopathology is measured with GHQ–28 which evaluates somatic complaints, anxiety, depression and social dysfunction.Method: The study was a survey, and descriptive in nature, and anchored on two hypotheses: Firstly, that HIV patients will experience more stigmas than cancer patients and consequently report more psychological dysfunctions. Secondly that there will be a significant difference between types of stigma and the symptoms reported about them. Data were collected from a conveniently sampled group of 50 HIV positive patients and another 50 patients diagnosed with cancer, in two clinics and a hospital around the Gauteng Province. The majority of the participants were females, numbering 62 (62, 0%), whilst 38 (38.0%) were males. The age of the respondents ranged from 20–73 years with a mean age of 44.4 years (s.d. = 11.6).Results: Results revealed a significant main effect for enacted stigma F = (1.98), = 17.629, p < .001 and anxiety F = (1.98) = 5.750, p < .001. A post hoc Bonferroni also showed that HIV patients had a higher mean score of enacted stigma (X-bar = 4.22) than cancer patients (X-bar = 1.28) and also HIV patients reported more anxiety (X-bar = 8.81) than cancer patients (X-bar = 6.42). Enacted stigma significantly influenced the GHQ Total (F = (98) = 1.700, p < .05); anxiety (F = (97) = 2.578, p < .004); and depression (F = (97) = 3.390 p < .001). The perceived community stigma had one main effect for depression (F = (1.98) = 1.452, p < .05). There were no significant main effects for internally felt stigma and psychological dysfunctions. Both hypotheses were partially supported.Conclusion: Recommendations included tailoring interventions to meet the cultural needs of patients. Other recommendations were made in accordance with the findings of the study.
Rifaximin Therapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Koo Hoonmo L. , Sabounchi Saman , Huang David B. , Dupont Herbert L.
Published: June 2012

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in the absence of specific organic pathology. Although the underlying pathogenesis of IBS is not well-understood, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) or other abnormalities in the gut flora is believed to contribute to the development of a subset of IBS cases. Rifaximin is a poorly absorbed antimicrobial with activity against enteric pathogens. A number of studies have shown a significant improvement in IBS symptoms with antibiotic therapy including rifaximin. In this review, we discuss the pharmacokinetics, in vitro susceptibility profile, and efficacy and safety data from clinical trials of rifaximin treatment of IBS.
Sequence of Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus) DNA from the OryCun2.0 Donor does not Confirm a Frameshift in Exon 2 of IL4
Authors: Mage Rose G. , Mage Michael G.
Published: June 2012

This note follows up on an observation concerning a possible frameshift in the DNA sequence of exon 2 of rabbit interleukin 4 (IL4) made in a comparative study of the rabbit Th2 cytokine region sequences from two different rabbits. One was from the tuberculosis-susceptible Thorbecke strain, whose whole genome was sequenced at Broad Institute (OryCun2.0), and the other a normal NZW rabbit studied as part of the ENCODE project. If present, a frameshift could have resulted in exon skipping and production of IL4δ2 protein. We resequenced DNAs of the Thorbecke OryCun2.0 donor rabbit, another rabbit of the same strain, and a third rabbit of the inbred B/J strain in the region in question. All three had sequences identical to the normal NZW in the ENCODE ENm002 assembly in that region and hence no frameshift. The sequence information was submitted to GenBank and assigned accession numbers JQ687218 and JX073284.
Christoffel Functions and Universality in the Bulk for Multivariate Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Kroó A. , Lubinsky D. S.
Published: June 2012

We establish asymptotics for Christoffel functions associated with multivariate orthogonal polynomials. The underlying measures are assumed to be regular on a suitable domain. In particular, this is true if they are positive a.e. on a compact set that admits analytic parametrization. As a consequence, we obtain asymptotics for Christoffel functions for measures on the ball and simplex under far more general conditions than previously known. As another consequence, we establish universality type limits in the bulk in a variety of settings.
On Weakly Tight Families
Authors: Raghavan Dilip , Steprāns Juris
Published: June 2012

Using ideas from Shelah's recent proof that a completely separable maximal almost disjoint family exists when 𝔠 < ℵω, we construct a weakly tight family under the hypothesis 𝔰 ≤ 𝔟 < ℵω. The case when 𝔰 < 𝔟 is handled in ZFC and does not require 𝔟 < ℵω, while an additional PCF type hypothesis, which holds when 𝔟 < ℵω is used to treat the case 𝔰 = 𝔟. The notion of a weakly tight family is a natural weakening of the well-studied notion of a Cohen indestructible maximal almost disjoint family. It was introduced by Hrušák and García Ferreira [8], who applied it to the Katétov order on almost disjoint families.
On Multilinear Fourier Multipliers of Limited Smoothness
Authors: Grafakos Loukas , Miyachi Akihiko , Tomita Naohito
Published: June 2012

In this paper we prove a certain L2-estimate formultilinear Fouriermultiplier operators with multipliers of limited smoothness. As a consequence, we extend the result of Calderón and Torchinsky in the linear theory to the multilinear case. The sharpness of our results and some related estimates in Hardy spaces are also discussed.
Conjugacy Classes and Binary Quadratic Forms for the Hecke Groups
Authors: Hoang Giabao , Ressler Wendell
Published: June 2012

In this paper we give a lower bound with respect to block length for the trace of non-elliptic conjugacy classes of the Hecke groups. One consequence of our bound is that there are finitely many conjugacy classes of a given trace in anyHecke group. We show that another consequence of our bound is that class numbers are finite for related hyperbolic ℤ[λ]-binary quadratic forms. We give canonical class representatives and calculate class numbers for some classes of hyperbolic ℤ[λ]-binary quadratic forms.
Cutting corners in Michell trusses
Authors: Figueroa Elizabeth , Hill Adam , Iusco Denise , Ryham Rolf
Published: June 2012

A corner is defined to be the vertex of a strict cone locally containing the support of a truss and having locally empty intersection with the support of the applied force. A topological perturbation called corner cutting is defined in two dimensions and the process is shown to have a negative effect on the mass of planar trusses, independent of the angle of the corner. Minimal, finite, planar trusses are therefore free of corners. Applied point forces are shown to be balanced by at least one truss, thereby showing that the admissible class is nonempty. Explicit mass and geometric bounds are presented as part of this construction.
Uniqueness of entropy solution for general anisotropic convection-diffusion problems
Authors: Ouédraogo Adama , Maliki Mohamed , De Dieu Zabsonré Jean
Published: June 2012

This work is an attempt to develop the uniqueness theory of entropy solution for the Cauchy problem associated to a general non-isotropic nonlinear strongly degenerate parabolic-hyperbolic equation. Our aim is to extend, at the same time, results of [1] and [11]. The novelty in this paper is the fact that we are dealing with general anisotropic diffusion problems, not necessarily with Lipschitz convection-diffusion flux functions in the whole space. Moreover, the source term depends on the unknown function of the problem. Under an abstract lemma and an additional assumption, we ensure the comparison principle which leads us to the uniqueness. In unbounded domains without Lipschitz condition on the convection and diffusion flux functions, this assumption seems to be optimal to establish uniqueness (cf. [1], [3], [14]).
Female Family Carers for Survivors of Stroke: Occupational Loss and Quality of Life
Authors: Kniepmann Kathy
Published: June 2012

Purpose:

This study examined activity changes in female carers for working-age husbands with mild to moderate stroke. It explored whether carers who reduced or quitted some of their valued activities had more burden and decreased health compared with other carers who continued their valued activities.

Method:

This was a cross-sectional, quantitative self-report study. The Activity Card Sort measured reduction or termination of valued activities as a potential indicator of secondary strains, such as role captivity, constricted social life and loss of self. Outcomes were health-related quality of life and burden.

Findings:

Eleven of the 20 participants reduced or quitted some of their valued activities. This change was labelled ‘occupational loss’. Several statistically significant differences were found: carers with occupational loss reported more primary stressors, higher levels of burden, less vitality and lower general mental health. No difference between groups was found for physical health.

Conclusion:

Data from this study suggest that occupational loss may be related to deleterious outcomes for family carers. Further investigation with a larger sample and longitudinal design could explore the nature of that relationship to guide occupational therapy with this population.
The Meaning of Participation in an Allotment Project for Fathers of Preschool Children
Authors: Mason Joanne , Conneeley Louise
Published: June 2012

Introduction:

Allotments are a popular setting for a range of therapeutic horticultural groups and are regarded as an effective way of encouraging social inclusion, although the mechanisms for this are poorly understood.

Method:

This study employed a qualitative methodology to explore the subjective meaning of an allotment group to its participants: the fathers of young children, living in a socially deprived area of the United Kingdom. Data were collected via a focus group with six participants.

Findings:

Allotment gardening was perceived as a masculine parenting activity and enabled fathers to develop stronger relationships with their children. They formed social bonds with other fathers and overcame the stigma and stereotypes of their background.

Discussion:

Allotment groups have the potential for improving social wellbeing through shared occupation and shared meaning. They are a useful resource for occupational therapists working with socially excluded or stigmatised clients. The importance of co-occupation in the attribution of meaning to occupations was also identified.
Política de avaliação da pós-graduação e suas consequências no trabalho docente
Authors: Costa Júnior Wercy Rodrigues , Bittar Mariluce
Published: June 2012

Neste artigo, investigam-se as políticas de avaliação da pós-graduação e suas consequências no trabalho dos pesquisadores. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na abordagem qualitativa, incluindo a análise histórica e realização de entrevistas com professores dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) e da Universidade Católica Dom Bosco (UCDB). Os resultados indicam que as atuais políticas para a educação superior do país se encontram inseridas nessa estratégia de inclusão da economia brasileira às intensasmudanças que ocorrem na base produtiva do capitalismo em nível global, atingindo as políticas públicas para a pós-graduação. As mudanças no mundo do trabalho tiveram um impacto significativo marcado pela  negatividade na natureza do trabalho docente da pós-graduação.
Radical budget analysis in a suburban European site during the MEGAPOLI summer field campaign
Authors: Michoud V. , Kukui A. , Camredon M. , Colomb A. , Borbon A. , Miet K. , Aumont B. , Beekmann M. , Durand-Jolibois R. , Perrier S. , Zapf P. , Siour G. , Ait-Helal W. , Locoge N. , Sauvage S. , Gros V. , Afif C. , Furger M. , Ancellet G. , Doussin J. F.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Measurements of hydroxyl (OH) and peroxy (RO2) radicals by a Chemical Ionisation Mass Spectrometer (CIMS) were conducted during the MEGAPOLI summer field campaign at the SIRTA observatory near Paris, France, in July 2009. OH and RO2 showed a typical diurnal variation with averaged daytime maxima values around 5 × 106 and 1.2 × 108 molecule cm−3, respectively. Simultaneously, a large number of ancillary measurements, such as NOx, O3, HONO, HCHO and other VOCs were also conducted. These data provide an opportunity to assess our understanding of the radical chemistry in a suburban environment by comparing the radical observations to calculations. First, OH mixing ratios were estimated by a simple Photo Stationary State (PSS) calculation. The PSS calculation largely overestimates the OH mixing ratio compared with observations by 50%, especially at NOx mixing ratios lower than 10 ppb. This suggests that some loss processes were missing in the calculation at low NOx. Then, a photochemical box model simulation based on the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) and constrained by ancillary measurements was run to calculate radical concentrations. Various modelling procedures were set up to cope with the unavoidable lack of constraining measurements. They led to significant differences in simulated radical concentrations. OH and RO2 concentrations estimated by two selected model version were compared with measurements. These versions of the model were chosen because they represented the two extremes. The comparisons showed better results than the PSS calculations, with a slight overestimation of 12% and 5%, for OH and RO2 respectively, in average for the reference model, and an overestimation of approximately 20% for OH and an underestimation for RO2 for the 1h dilution model. Thus, we can conclude from our study that OH and RO2 radical levels agree on average with observations within the uncertainty range. Finally, an analysis of the radical budget, on a daily basis (06:00–18:00 UTC), indicates that HONO photolysis, O3 photolysis, and aldehydes and ketones photolysis are the main radical initiation pathways. According to the MCM modelling, the reactions of RO2 with NO2, leading mainly to PAN formation, present a significant termination pathway in addition to the main net loss via reaction of OH with NO2.
Intuitive Embedded Teaching System Design for Multi-Jointed Robots
Authors: Hung Chin-Pao , Liu Wei-Ging
Published: June 2012

This work describes the development of a novel embedded teaching system for multi-jointed robots. Differing from the traditional teaching panel method, the proposed method does not require any complex computations for coordinate transformation and is a simpler scheme. The proposed teaching system includes a small teaching robot, which is scaled to the real jointed robot, however, joints are replaced with potentiometers. An embedded electrical control system contains the main control board and joint control cards. The main control board receives voltage signals from the teaching robot and transforms them into position commands for the motion of each joint. All the position commands are recorded on the main control board using the desired sample rate. In trajectory planning mode, the operator drags the teaching robot to generate the desired motion. The electrical control system drives the real jointed robot in response to the received voltage signals from the teaching robot. Trajectory teaching can be done naturally without expertise. The teaching system architecture, control board design and program flowchart are described and implemented.
Continuous Genetic Algorithms for Collision-Free Cartesian Path Planning of Robot Manipulators
Authors: Abo-Hammour Za'er S. , Alsmadi Othman MK. , Bataineh Sofian I. , Al-Omari Muhannad A. , Affach Nafee'
Published: June 2012

A novel continuous genetic algorithm (CGA) along with distance algorithm for solving collisions-free path planning problem for robot manipulators is presented in this paper. Given the desired Cartesian path to be followed by the manipulator, the robot configuration as described by the D-H parameters, and the available stationary obstacles in the workspace of the manipulator, the proposed approach will autonomously select a collision free path for the manipulator that minimizes the deviation between the generated and the desired Cartesian path, satisfy the joints limits of the manipulator, and maximize the minimum distance between the manipulator links and the obstacles. One of the main features of the algorithm is that it avoids the manipulator kinematic singularities due to the inclusion of forward kinematics model in the calculations instead of the inverse kinematics. The new robot path planning approach has been applied to two different robot configurations; 2R and PUMA 560, as non-redundant manipulators. Simulation results show that the proposed CGA will always select the safest path avoiding obstacles within the manipulator workspace regardless of whether there is a unique feasible solution, in terms of joint limits, or there are multiple feasible solutions. In addition to that, the generated path in Cartesian space will be of very minimal deviation from the desired one.
Research on Duct Flow Field Optimisation of a Robot Vacuum Cleaner
Authors: Lai Xiao-bo , Wang Hai-shun , Liu Hua-shan
Published: June 2012

The duct of a robot vacuum cleaner is the length of the flow channel between the inlet of the rolling brush blower and the outlet of the vacuum blower. To cope with the pressure drop problem of the duct flow field in a robot vacuum cleaner, a method based on Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PRISO) algorithm is introduced and the optimisation design of the duct flow field is implemented. Firstly, the duct structure in a robot vacuum cleaner is taken as a research object, with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) theories adopted; a three-dimensional fluid model of the duct is established by means of the FLUENT solver of the CFD software. Secondly, with the k-∊ turbulence model of three-dimensional incompressible fluid considered and the PRISO pressure modification algorithm employed, the flow field numerical simulations inside the duct of the robot vacuum cleaner are carried out. Then, the velocity vector plots on the arbitrary plane of the duct flow field are obtained. Finally, an investigation of the dynamic characteristics of the duct flow field is done and defects of the original duct flow field are analysed, the optimisation of the original flow field has then been conducted. Experimental results show that the duct flow field after optimisation can effectively reduce pressure drop, the feasibility as well as the correctness of the theoretical modelling and optimisation approaches are validated.
Performance Evaluation of Redundant Parallel Manipulators Assimilating Motion/Force Transmissibility
Authors: Xie Fugui , Liu Xin-Jun , Wang Jinsong
Published: June 2012

Performance evaluation is one of the most important issues in the field of parallel kinematic manipulators (PKMs). As a very important class of PKMs, the redundant PKMs have been studied intensively. However, the performance evaluation of this type of PKMs is still unresolved and a challenging endeavor. In this paper, indices that assimilate motion/force transmissibility are proposed to evaluate the performance of redundant PKMs. To illustrate the application of these indices, three PKMs with different kinds of redundancies are taken as examples, and performance atlases are plotted based on the definitions of the indices. Transmissibility comparisons between redundant PKMs and the corresponding non-redundant ones are carried out. To determine the inverse solutions of the PKMs with kinematic redundancy, an optimization strategy is presented, and the rationality of this method is demonstrated. The indices introduced here can be applied to the performance evaluation of redundant parallel manipulators.
Robot Grasp Learning by Demonstration without Predefined Rules
Authors: Fernández César , Vicente María Asunción , Ñeco Ramón Pedro , Puerto Rafael
Published: June 2012

A learning-based approach to autonomous robot grasping is presented. Pattern recognition techniques are used to measure the similarity between a set of previously stored example grasps and all the possible candidate grasps for a new object. Two sets of features are defined in order to characterize grasps: point attributes describe the surroundings of a contact point; point-set attributes describe the relationship between the set of n contact points (assuming an n-fingered robot gripper is used). In the experiments performed, the nearest neighbour classifier outperforms other approaches like multilayer perceptrons, radial basis functions or decision trees, in terms of classification accuracy, while computational load is not excessive for a real time application (a grasp is fully synthesized in 0.2 seconds). The results obtained on a synthetic database show that the proposed system is able to imitate the grasping behaviour of the user (e.g. the system learns to grasp a mug by its handle). All the code has been made available for testing purposes.
A Remote User Authentication Scheme with Anonymity for Mobile Devices
Authors: Shin Soobok , Kim Kangseok , Kim Ki-Hyung , Yeh Hongjin
Published: June 2012

With the rapid growth of information technologies, mobile devices have been utilized in a variety of services such as e-commerce. When a remote server provides such e-commerce services to a user, it must verify the legitimacy of the user over an insecure communication channel. Therefore, remote user authentication has been widely deployed to verify the legitimacy of remote user login requests using mobile devices like smart cards. In this paper we propose a smart card-based authentication scheme that provides both user anonymity and mutual authentication between a remote server and a user. The proposed authentication scheme is a simple and efficient system applicable to the limited resource and low computing performance of the smart card.

The proposed scheme provides not only resilience to potential attacks in the smart card-based authentication scheme, but also secure authentication functions. A smart card performs a simple one-way hash function, the operations of exclusive-or and concatenation in the authentication phase of the proposed scheme. The proposed scheme also provides user anonymity using a dynamic identity and key agreement, and secure password change.
The Fuzzy Logic Method for Simpler Forecasting
Authors: Jarrett Jeffrey E. , Plouffe Jeffrey S.
Published: June 2012

Fildes and Makridakis (1998), Makridakis and Hibon (2000) , and Fildes (2001) indicate that simple extrapolative forecasting methods that are robust forecast equally as well or better than more complicated methods, i.e. Box-Jenkins and other methods.

We study the Direct Set Assignment (DSA) extrapolative forecasting method. The DSA method is a non-linear extrapolative forecasting method developed within the Mamdani Development Framework, and designed to mimic the architecture of a fuzzy logic control system.

We combine the DSA method Winters' Exponential smoothing. This combination provides the best observed forecast accuracy in seven of nine subcategories of time series, and is the top three in terms of observed accuracy in two subcategories. Hence, fuzzy logic which is the basis of the DSA method often is the best method for forecasting.
Carbon Nanotube Areas — Printed on Textile and Paper Substrates
Authors: Fischer Thomas , Wetzold Nora , Elsner Holg , Kroll Lothar , Hübler Arved C.
Published: June 2012

Mass printing processes are the key technology to produce mass products to the point of one-disposable. Carbon nanotube (CNT) based structures were prepared by flexographic printing using multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersions in water. The carbon nanotubes were applied to a textile substrate made of polyester and polyamide microfilaments and to both-side coated paper to produce electrically conductive layers that can be used, for example, as heating elements. Carbon nanotube layers with sheet resistivity ranging from 0.12 to 3.00 kΩ/sq were obtained. The ratio of radiation power PS (determined according to the Stefan-Boltzmann law) of the printed layers to the electrical power spent, represents the efficiency of the system. The samples on textile substrate with a surface temperature of 169°C have an efficiency of 25%, the paper samples with a surface temperature of 93 °C have an efficiency of about 15 %.
Preparation of Silica Nanoparticles and its Beneficial Role in Cementitious Materials
Authors: Singh L. P. , Agarwal S. K. , Bhattacharyya S. K. , Sharma U. , Ahalawat S.
Published: June 2012

Spherical silica nanoparticles (n-SiO2) with controllable size have been synthesized using tetraethoxysilane as starting material and ethanol as solvent by sol-gel method. Morphology and size of the particles was controlled through surfactants. Sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitain monopalmitate and sorbitain monostearate produced silica nanoparticles of varying sizes (80-150 nm), indicating the effect of chain length of the surfactant. Increase in chain length of non-ionic surfactant resulted in decreasing particle size of silica nanoparticles. Further, the size of silica particles was also controlled using NH3 as base catalyst. These silica nanoparticles were incorporated into cement paste and their role in accelerating the cementitious reactions was investigated. Addition of silica nanoparticles into cement paste improved the microstructure of the paste and calcium leaching is significantly reduced as n-SiO2 reacts with calcium hydroxide and form additional calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) gel. It was found that calcium hydroxide content in silica nanoparticles incorporated cement paste reduced ∼89% at 1 day and up to ∼60% at 28 days of hydration process. Synthesized silica particles and cement paste samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Structure and Spatial Distribution of Ge Nanocrystals Subjected to Fast Neutron Irradiation
Authors: Levy Shai , Shlimak Issai , Dressler David H. , Grinblat Judith , Gofer Yossi , Lu Tiecheng , Ionov Alexander N.
Published: June 2012

The influence of fast neutron irradiation on the structure and spatial distribution of Ge nanocrystals (NC) embedded in an amorphous SiO2 matrix has been studied. The investigation was conducted by means of laser Raman Scattering (RS), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The irradiation of Ge-NC samples by a high dose of fast neutrons lead to a partial destruction of the nanocrystals. Full reconstruction of crystallinity was achieved after annealing the radiation damage at 8000C, which resulted in full restoration of the RS spectrum. HR-TEM images show, however, that the spatial distributions of Ge-NC changed as a result of irradiation and annealing. A sharp decrease in NC distribution towards the SiO2 surface has been observed. This was accompanied by XPS detection of Ge oxides and elemental Ge within both the surface and subsurface region.
Si Nanocrystals Embedded in a Silicon Oxynitride Matrix
Authors: Ficcadenti Marco , Pinto Nicola , Morresi Lorenzo , Ferblantier Gérald , Carrada Marzia , Slaoui Abdelillah
Published: June 2012

We investigated the morphological and structural change in silicon nanostructures embedded in the silicon oxynitride matrix. The study has been carried out on thin films thermally annealed at high temperature, after deposition at 400°C by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (ECR-PECVD), under different deposition parameters.

Our study evidenced the existence of a well defined threshold for the silicon content in the film (around 47%), to get Si nano-crystallization in the silicon oxynitride matrix. Both Si nano-crystals and Si nano-columns have been observed by TEM analysis in two samples having a similar Si content but deposited under different conditions.
Nanoclustering in Silicon Induced by Oxygen Ions Implanted
Authors: Manno D. , Serra A. , Filippo E. , Rossi M. , Quarta G. , Maruccio L. , Calcagnile L.
Published: June 2012

We report about the nanoclustering induced by oxygen-implantation in silicon. A tandem-type accelerator, with a maximum acceleration voltage of 3 MV, equipped with a sputtering ion source suitable for the production of high current ion beams by sputtering of solid cathodes has been used.

The surface modifications and the structure of nanoclusters are investigated. The topographic images, obtained by scanning tunnelling microscope showed that the surface is covered with a dense array of tetragonal nanostructures oriented with respect to the substrate.

Raman spectroscopy data allowed us to estimate an average cluster size of about 50 nm. Resistivity and Hall effect measurements evidenced that the electron transport in the implanted silicon samples is affected by the nanoclusters array and it could be explained by thermally activated hopping between localized states.