bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nursing Interventions to Prevent Pressure Ulcers in Critically Ill Patients: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Castelino Flavia , Hephzibah Diana , C Dayananda , R Shilpa Rani , S Geethanjali. , H M Shilpa , V Divya , Wani Zahid Ahmad
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Pressure ulcers, also known as bedsores, pose a significant concern in critically ill patients due to prolonged immobility and complex medical conditions.
Objective: This review examines the evidence supporting various nursing interventions to prevent pressure ulcers in critically ill patients.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2023. Key interventions included regular repositioning, specialized mattresses and cushions, skin care protocols, nutritional support, and patient and staff education.
Results: The evidence supports a multifaceted approach, including regular repositioning, specialized support surfaces, comprehensive skin care, nutritional support, and education, in reducing the incidence of pressure ulcers in critically ill patients.
Conclusion: Implementing evidence-based nursing interventions can significantly reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers in critically ill patients, emphasizing the importance of a coordinated approach to prevention.
Nanotechnology Facilitated Real Time Soil Monitoring for Optimized Crop Production
Authors: Das Hiren , Singh Sushil Kumar , Priyadarshini Elora , Maurya C.L. , Tiwari Awanindra Kumar , Gulaiya Shani , Khokale Sagar Kashinath , Panigrahi Chandan Kumar , Singh Bal Veer
Published: June 2024

Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool for advancing precision agriculture through real-time soil monitoring. By leveraging nanoscale sensors, nanoparticles, and nanomaterials, it is now possible to continuously track key soil parameters such as moisture, nutrient levels, pH, and microbial activity at an unprecedented level of spatial and temporal resolution. This real-time data enables farmers to make informed decisions regarding irrigation, fertilization, pest control, and other management practices, ultimately optimizing crop yield and quality while minimizing environmental impact and resource use.  Nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and graphene offer unique properties such as high sensitivity, fast response time, and low power consumption, making them ideal for developing wireless sensor networks that can be deployed in the field for extended periods. Nano-functionalized hydrogels and nanoclays show promise as slow-release fertilizer carriers and water retention agents. Novel nano-biosensors can detect plant pathogens, pollutants, and other stressors at extremely low concentrations, allowing for early intervention. Data collected by nanosensors can be transmitted to cloud-based platforms for advanced analytics and integration with other precision ag technologies like variable rate application, robotics, and digital twins.  However, challenges remain in terms of large-scale manufacturing, standardization, cost reduction, and addressing potential ecological and health risks of nanomaterials. Ongoing research aims to develop biodegradable and biocompatible nanostructures, improve stability and durability under harsh field conditions, and establish safety and regulatory guidelines. Multidisciplinary collaboration between nanoscientists, agronomists, engineers, and data scientists will be key to realizing the full potential of nanotechnology for sustaining global food security in the face of climate change and population growth. With responsible development and application, nanotechnology-enabled real-time soil monitoring can revolutionize how we understand and manage one of our most critical natural resources.
Preparation and Characterization of Phthaloyl Chitosan as a Novel Purifying Agent for Deltamethrin
Authors: Sharban Abdelhakim Salama , Mostafa Nasser Y. , El-Nour Kholoud Mohamed Abou
Published: June 2024

To develop a bio adsorbent with enhanced adsorption properties to remove deltamethrin pesticide from aqueous solutions, a modified chitosan material was successfully obtained by modifying chitosan with phthalic anhydride. The obtained products were characterized with the necessary chemical and spectroscopic techniques and were studied as an adsorbent for deltamethrin removal from aqueous solutions. To determine the optimum conditions of this reaction, pH, the initial dose of deltamethrin and the amount of modified chitosan to be added were mentioned. The decrease in the concentration of the previously prepared sample due to the adsorption reaction was studied with the aid of gas chromatography.
Storage Stability and Performance of Fluid Bed Dried Solid State Fermented (SSF) Lactic Cultures
Authors: Akshaykumar . , H Manjunatha , R Devaraju , B Ramachandra , Basavabharati . , NM Madhusudan , CS Shashi Kumar
Published: June 2024

Aims:  In addition to attempting to evaluate the performance of SSF cultures in heated milk, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of refrigeration temperature storage on the fluid bed dried powder of Solid State Fermented (SSF) lactic cultures, such as dahi, yoghurt, and probiotic cultures.
Duration and Place of study: The study was carried out in single season at Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University (KVAFSU, Bidar), Dairy Science College, Hebbal, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Study design and Methodology: aerobic spore survival, the raw black gram dhal had the lowest spore count—1.52 log10cfu/g. The spores were killed by sterilizing the black gram dhal at 1210C for 30 minutes and then exposing it to a hot air oven at 1000C for one hour. Black gram dhal containing 1:0 was used to obtain the maximum viable starter counts of dahi (8.41 log10cfu/g), yoghurt (8.98 log10cfu/g), and probiotics (9.47 log10cfu/g) cultures during fermentation. Ash gourd, carrot, tomato, and skim milk powder liquids were added to the 8:1 moisture ratio at 1% level as growth-promoting agents. The fermented SSF cultures were dried on a fluid bed at room temperature (250C) for 1.5 hours. After fluid drying, the SSF culture viability of the probiotic, yoghurt, and dahi cultures dropped from (9.01 to 8.85, 8.65 to 8.33) and 9.65 to 9.34 log10cfu/g, respectively. 9.4% of the SSF cultures' moisture content was observed. Following inoculation of the heat-treated milk with these dried powders of SSF cultures of dahi, yoghurt, and probiotic cultures at 1,0.5, and 3%, the cultures took 5:00, 3:30, and 9:30 hours to establish the heat-treated milk with acidity of 0.68, 0.71, and 0.59% lactic acid, respectively.
Results: The dried SSF lactic cultures were viable for 40 days at 7±10C, or 6 log10cfu/g, when stored at that temperature. The absence of contaminants such as coliforms, aerobic spores, yeast, and molds in the stored fluid-dried SSF lactic cultures demonstrated the good hygienic practices used during the biomass production. The curdling period increased with the number of storage days at refrigeration temperatures in relation to the performance of stored SSF lactic cultures because of the decrease in viable lactic counts.
Conclusion: The minimum viable counts of probiotic, yoghurt, and dahi cultures on the 40th day of storage at refrigerator temperature were 6.45, 6.85, and 6.44 log10 cfu/g, respectively. Furthermore, none of the preserved samples had any coliforms, aerobic spores, yeast, or mould in them.
Effect of Land Configuration Technique and Moisture Regime on Water Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Summer Season
Authors: Patel Vinay Kumar , Suryabhan . , Nand Vishuddha , Kumar Mukesh , Prajapati Akhilesh Kumar , Singh Himanshu
Published: June 2024

To investigate the effect of maize on water use efficiency, water productivity, protein content, and economics in semiarid regions, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of land configuration and moisture regimes. In the summer of 2018-19, a field experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Research Farm, ANDUA &T, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) to investigate the effects of moisture regime and land layout approach on the water productivity of maize in the summer months. Four moisture regimes—0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1 IW/CPE ratios—were assigned to subplots in the experiment, while three land configurations—ridge planting, paired row planting, and flat bed planting—were maintained in the main plots. The experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations and was conducted in SPD and replicated four times. The results revealed that crop sown on paired row planting on a raised bed showed higher water use efficiency and water productivity when computed under paired row planting on a raised bed with 0.5 irrigation water/cumulative pan evaporation moisture regimes. Further, it was observed that among the moisture regimes, 0.9 and 1.2 Irrigation Water/Cumulative Pan Evaporation ratios, and assessing the economics, that is, gross return, net return, and benefit cost (B:C) ratios, were observed in the combination of paired row planting on a raised bed with a 0.9 Irrigation Water/Cumulative Pan Evaporation ratio, and a minimum was observed in the combination of flat bed planting with a 0.5 Irrigation Water/Cumulative Pan Evaporation ratio.
Spatial Analysis of Surface Runoff Using SCS-CN Technique Integrated with GIS and Remote Sensing
Authors: Jakir Hussain K. N.  , Channavar Vijayakumari Raveendra , Malappanavar Nagaraj , Radder Varsha Somaraddi , Chandrakar Tejaswini , Jagadeesh B. R  , Basavaraj D. B.
Published: June 2024

The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) Curve Number (CN) method is a widely employed hydrological model for estimating surface runoff in watershed studies. This method utilizes land use, soil characteristics, and hydrologic soil grouping information to assign a CN that represents the potential for surface runoff of a specific area. The paper presents a comprehensive study on surface runoff estimation using the SCS Curve Number method integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing technologies. The incorporation of GIS enhances the spatial representation and analysis of diverse influencing factors, contributing to more informed decision-making in water resource management. The Loose Coupling Model for Runoff Computation, combining GIS and simulation models, is appropriately employed. The study discusses the methodology, including the Thiessen polygon and the Improved Composite CN Computation Method, showcasing a meticulous approach. Results and discussions are supported by relevant studies, reinforcing the credibility of the research. Overall, the paper provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the field of hydrology and water resource management. Future work in this field could focus on refining the SCS-CN method through improved data integration and model calibration. Additionally, exploring advanced machine learning techniques for enhancing the predictive capabilities of GIS-based surface runoff models could offer valuable insights for sustainable water resource management.
Geoelectrical and Physicochemical Characterization of Groundwater Contamination around a Cassava Processing Factory in Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Akinlabi Ismaila Abiodun , Akinlade Zainab Adeola
Published: June 2024

2D resistivity profiling and hydro-geochemical analyses were carried out to assess groundwater contamination. in and around the Cassava Processing Factory at Aarada, Ogbomoso, Southwestern Nigeria. The dipole-dipole profiling was conducted along eight traverses, trending NW-SE, using electrode spacing a = 5m and expansion factor n=1 to 4. The resistivity data were inverted using 2D inversion procedure to produce the 2D inverted resistivity sections beneath the traverses. Water samples were also taken from seven hand dug wells within and around the study area for physicochemical analyses to determine the pH, EC, TDS, and concentrations of cations and anions which included Fe2+, Zn2+, Na+, Pb2+, Cu2+, K+, NO3ˉ and CN-. The 2D inverted resistivity sections revealed that the study is characterized by relatively low resistive zones typical of contamination plumes beneath the traverses near the cassava processing factory and general dumpsite. The pH values range from 7.2 to 8.0 and indicate that the groundwater is basic. They are within the WHO (2011) recommended limits. The electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) exceed the WHO limit in the wells close to the cassava processing factory and the dumpsite, indicating that the water is harmful to human health. The major indicators of groundwater contamination in the study area are the Fe2+ and NO3ˉ caused by percolation of the dumpsite leachate, and CN- caused by infiltration of the cassava effluent, into the aquifers. The level of contamination in the wells is closely related to proximity to the cassava processing factory and the dumpsite. The discharge of the effluents from the cassava processing factory contributes significantly to cyanide contamination of groundwater in the study area. Appropriate remediation measures should be taken to forestall further contamination of groundwater in the study area.
Psychiatric Presentation of a Severe Vitamin B12 Deficiency Associated with Biermer’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Yassine El Adraoui , Sarah Slimani , Najoua Mouloudi , Mohamed Hamid , Youssouf Benmoh , Ahmed Bourazza
Published: June 2024

This case report highlights a 57-year-old female patient presenting with psychiatric symptoms such as depressive mood, social withdrawal, and apathy followed by gait disturbances and tremor, which led to the diagnosis of severe Vitamin B12 deficiency-induced encephalopathy. Despite initially displaying only psychiatric symptoms, MRI revealed cerebral leukoencephalopathy. Metabolic and auto-immune evaluation confirmed profound Vitamin B12 deficiency secondary to Biermer's disease. Treatment with Vitamin B12 replacement therapy resulted in a favorable outcome. This case underscores the importance of considering Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms, as timely diagnosis and treatment can prevent long-term complications.
Cerebral Thrombophlebitis of the Post Partum: About Two Cases
Authors: Alkhalil HM  , Allal Z  , Afif A  , Elharit M  , Raja A  , Hafiani Y  , El Youssoufi M  , Salmi M
Published: June 2024

Cerebral thrombophlebitis is an uncommon localisation that should be considered in the presence of headache, fever, focal deficit in the context of pregnancy or post partum. It is positive diagnosis is made by imaging but the etiological diagnosis remains the main issue. In this main article, we report two cases of patients treated for cerebral thrombophlebitis. From the observations made, we will discuss the different entities of this pathology with the data of the literature.
Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis Studies in Early Transplanted Rice
Authors: Kalpande Prathamesh , Meshram Milind , Borkar Vaishali
Published: June 2024

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variation, heritability, and direct and indirect effects of various traits on grain yield in 64 rice genotypes under early transplanted conditions.
Study Design: The study utilized a randomized block design with two replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted at the Agriculture Research Station, Sakoli, District. Bhandara under Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra, India during the Kharif season of 2022.
Methodology: The experimental material comprised 64 rice genotypes along with the regional check Sakoli-6. Observations were recorded on the following traits: days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of panicles per square meter (panicles/m²), and grain yield (kg/ha). Data were analyzed for genetic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability, genetic advance, correlation, and path analysis to determine the direct and indirect effects of these traits on grain yield in early transplanted condition.
Results: High GCV and PCV were observed for grain yield, with moderate values for the number of panicles/m², indicating significant variability conducive to improvement. Grain yield, number of panicles/m², and plant height exhibited high heritability and genetic advance. Whereas, correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between the number of panicles/m² and grain yield, and significant negative correlations between days to 50% flowering and days to maturity with grain yield. Path analysis indicated that days to 50% flowering, followed by the number of panicles/m² and plant height, had the highest positive direct effects on grain yield.
Conclusion: The study identified the number of panicles/m² as a critical trait for selecting superior genotypes. Based on these findings, the rice genotypes RP 6496-JB 202-4-6-1-1-1-1, OR 2800-4, and KNM 13557 were recommended for further breeding programs under early transplanted conditions.
Effect of Contamination of Heavy Metals in Soil and Its Mitigation Strategies: A Review
Authors: Tripathi Kaushlendra Mani , Kumar Deo , Mishra Suraj
Published: June 2024

Rising soil pollution has recently emerged as a significant global issue due to increased industrialization, urbanization, and inadequate waste management. This review thoroughly examines the presence of common heavy elements in damaged soils, such as Pb, Cr, As, Zn, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Ni, utilizing publically available literature. It discusses the concepts of phytoremediation, soil cleaning, and immobilization, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of each method. These techniques are widely recognized as effective means to remediate heavy metal-polluted soil, addressing associated risks, freeing up land for agriculture, bolstering food security, and resolving land tenure issues arising from changing land use patterns.
Understanding Host-Pathogen Interaction in the Cornea: Inflammatory Response and Cure
Authors: Kumar Suman , Munda Vimal Singh , Sharad Neha , Kumar Rajan , Kumar Maneesh , Kumar Ratnesh , Jha Mithilesh Kumar , Tiwari Shashank Nand , Gupta Pratima
Published: June 2024

Microbial keratitis is a serious disease of the cornea that poses a major risk to the health and vision of people all over the world. It is caused by various microbial invaders, including bacteria, fungi and viruses, making it difficult to diagnose and treat. Combating microbial keratitis requires understanding the intricate web of immune responses and pathogenic pathways that cause the infection. To develop innovative strategies to treat the disease and improve patient survival, we need to understand how the immune system works, how hosts and infections interact and how complicated the pathophysiology is. Looking to the future, we are on the cusp of a transformative era in treating microbial keratitis. Innovations in therapeutic technology, such as targeted antimicrobial drugs, immunomodulatory therapies and precision medicine techniques, are set to revolutionise the field. These advancements will enable customised treatments for specific microbiological causes and patient characteristics. Integrating molecular biology, imaging and artificial intelligence into novel diagnostic techniques will enhance early diagnosis and personalised treatment programmes, leading to better clinical outcomes and reduced ocular morbidity. Collaboration between clinicians, researchers, and industry representatives is critical to accelerating the translation of scientific knowledge into clinical practice. Improving patient care, increasing treatment efficacy and saving eyesight are the goals for the future of microbial keratitis treatment.
An Overview of the Importance of Biochar in Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Adak Emili , Halder Sonai , Koley Biresh , Biswas Soumyajit , Sengupta Sudip , Kundu Suprabuddha , Sarkar Tanmoy
Published: June 2024

Sustainable agriculture is essential for addressing the global food security challenges, environmental degradation, and climate change. Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced through the pyrolysis, has gained significant attention as a promising tool to enhance sustainability of agricultural systems. Biochar serves as a valuable soil amendment by improving soil structure and enhancing its water-holding capacity, nutrient retention, and microbial activity. These improvements translate into increased soil fertility and reduced nutrient runoff, mitigating the risk of water pollution. Furthermore, biochar's porous structure acts as a reservoir for beneficial microorganisms and can potentially contribute to the suppression of soil-borne pathogens. In the context of climate change, biochar plays a dual role. Firstly, it acts as a carbon sink, sequestering carbon in the soil for hundreds to thousands of years, thus mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Secondly, biochar application can lead to reduced emissions of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas associated with synthetic fertilizer use. Crop productivity and yield stability are critical factors in sustainable agriculture. Biochar application has been shown to enhance plant growth by improving nutrient availability, root development, and stress tolerance. Additionally, it can increase crop resilience to extreme weather events, helping farmers adapt to changing climatic conditions. However, the successful integration of biochar into agricultural systems requires careful consideration of feedstock selection, pyrolysis processes, and application methods, as well as site-specific factors. Nonetheless, continued research, development, and knowledge dissemination are essential to maximize positive impacts of biochar in diverse agricultural contexts. The current review article aims at understanding the production and applications of biochar for sustainability of agricultural production systems and minimizes the carbon emissions through sequestration.
Study on the Growth of Seedlings and the Establishment of Bael Varieties under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions
Authors: Yadav Satveer , Bahadur Vijay , Mishra Saket , Yadav Deepak
Published: June 2024

The objective of the experiment was to work out the studies on the growth of seedlings and the establishment of Bael varieties under Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions. So, a field experiment was conducted during session 2023-2024 at, the Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, (SHUATS), Prayagraj (U.P). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 6 varieties (treatments). The treatments were V1 Narendra Bael-7, V₂ Narendra Bael-6¸V3 Narendra Bael-4, V4 Narendra Bael-5¸V5 Narendra Bael-9 and V6 Banarashi.V6 was found to be superior in term of survival percentage (94.60%) and mortality percentage (5.40 %). Plant height (71.29 cm), length (13.50 cm), width (9.80 cm), number of leaves plant -1(81.52), number of branches plant-1(8.76), leaf area (85.00 cm2) leaf area index (106.20), plant spread (7.27 cm2), chlorophyll content (68.33) The research will help the farmers to select superior a variety of Bael under Prayagraj agro-climatic conditions.
Indian Chicken Breeds
Authors: Kulkarni R. C. , Kumar K. Sai Siva
Published: June 2024

Poultry development has been a household activity in India for a long time. In most developing and underdeveloped countries, indigenous chicken breeds significantly improve rural economies. Indigenous breeds can resist disease and utilize low-quality feeds. Backyard poultry eggs and their meat fetches higher prices than commercial poultry. Although they are associated with poor productivity in terms of the number of eggs laid, most consumers prefer them because of their delicious meat. Low risks and low inputs are significant advantages of indigenous chicken production. Considering the rapid loss of indigenous breeds and strains due to commercial strain and breed replacement, preserving these valuable genetic breed resources is crucial. In the presence of a selective breeding program, backyard or free-range birds could be more productive. In order to prevent their extinction, governments should encourage the conservation and further study of these breeds.
Dietary Addition of Betaine on the Performance of Broilers Fed with Diets with a Reduction in Methionine and Choline
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Kulkarni R.C. , Awandkar S.P. , Gaikwad N.Z. , Khode N.V. , Chavhan S.G. , Gadegaonkar G.M.
Published: June 2024

A six-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of broiler chicken (n=560) fed betaine added diets to reduce methionine and choline. There were five treatments, each with eight replicates comprising fourteen birds, each. The negative control groups (NC) were fed with betaine free basal diet. The positive control (PC) groups were fed with 0.05% betaine added basal diet. The three treatment groups (T1-T3) received 0.05% betaine added basal diet integrated with 20, 40, and 60% reduction in methionine and choline, respectively. Birds were reared on deep litter system with ad-lib feeding. The results showed PC bird groups had the highest body weight gain, followed by T1, NC, T2, and T3. The PC bird groups showed a significant (P<0.001) increase in the foot web index, serum antibody titer, and relative immune organ weights (bursa, spleen, and thymus) in the PC and T1 groups. The PC diet significantly (P<0.001) reduced shrinkage loss and fat pad thickness of chickens. Significantly higher (P<0.002) eviscerated and ready-to-cook yields with substantially better relative heart, breast, and neck weights were recorded in chickens fed PC and T1. Conclusively, betaine at a dietary level of 0.05% integrated with a 20% reduction in methionine and choline significantly improved growth performance, livability, immunity, and carcass traits of broiler chickens.
Effect of PGR and Micronutrients on Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cv. Winter Dawn
Authors: Choudhary Sakshi , Topno Samir E. , Joseph Annjoe V.
Published: June 2024

The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design which had 8+1(control) Treatments replicated thrice. The vegetative growth and fruit yield is concerned, application of different treatment of Plant Growth Regulator and Micronutrient significantly enhanced the Plant Height(cm), Number of leaves per plant, Plant Spread(cm) and Yield. Maximum (Plant Height(19.00cm), No. of leaves (20.67), leaf area (130.33 cm2), Plant spread (25.50 cm), (No. of fruit per plant (20.44), No. of flower per plant (32.00), fruit yield (9.21q/ha) were recorded best in treatment T2 (75 ppm Gibberellic acid)  in terms of Vegatative Parameter.
Advancing Soybean Resilience: The Role of Induced Polyploidy to Abiotic Stress Tolerance
Authors: Banerjee Sonali , Sandal Sanjeet Singh , Walia Puneet
Published: June 2024

Abiotic stress is one of the major constraints affecting the productivity of soybeans. It reduces germination ability, seedling growth, and development of the reproductive parts. Physiological traits, such as membrane and enzyme structure and functionality, are also negatively impacted due to the increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Polyploidy is known for creating diversification among plants, playing a key role in enhancing tolerance capacity against abiotic stress. These variations help plants survive under harsh conditions by modifying several morpho-physiological, molecular, and biochemical traits. However, polyploidy's role in enhancing tolerance to abiotic stress has been less explored in leguminous crops, particularly in soybeans. Additionally, no proper in-vitro or in-vivo techniques have been successfully employed to induce polyploidy in soybean and other legumes. Soybean, also known as soja bean or soya bean, has a history of polyploidy, which might be related to its tolerance mechanisms. This review paper discusses the limitations impacting soybean productivity under extreme environmental conditions and the role of synthetically developed polyploids in mitigating these abiotic stresses.
Unveiling the Complexity of Yield Traits through Genetic Variability, Correlation, and Path Analysis across Diverse Bread Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell] Germplasm
Authors: Naveen Aavula , Hathiram Dharavath , Supriya Patel , Hemanth S  , Mishra V. K. , Harika A.
Published: June 2024

Aims: To elucidate the genetic variability, correlation, and path analysis of various agronomic and morphological traits among fifty genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell) to facilitate targeted breeding efforts.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in 2 replications.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during the Rabi season of 2019 at Banaras Hindu University, India.
Methodology: Fifty genotypes of bread wheat were evaluated for thirteen morphological traits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, direct and indirect effects on grain yield per plot through path coefficient analysis were calculated. Assessed traits included biomass, harvest index, germination percentage, tillers per meter, days to flowering, plant height, and spike length. Genetic variability and heritability parameters were calculated for these traits. Genetic variability parameters were also calculated to determine the extent of variability and heritability for these traits.
Results: The analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic differences for all studied traits. Correlation analysis highlighted intricate interrelationships among traits, with biomass exhibiting the highest positive direct effect on grain yield, followed by harvest index and germination percentage. In contrast, tillers per meter, days to flowering, and plant height had negative direct effects on yield. Genetic variability parameters indicated substantial variability for traits like harvest index and grain yield per plot, with spike length showing the highest heritability.
Conclusion: The study highlights the complexity of grain yield determination, which is affected by various genetic and environmental factors. The results offer deeper insights into the genetic basis of yield-related traits in wheat, stressing the importance of selecting genotypes with beneficial trait combinations to boost yield potential.
Bio-Computational Prediction of Novel Epitopes on VP2 Protein of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus
Authors: Singh Niraj K , Tyagi Anuj , Singhal Sumit , Anjay  , Jadoun Yogendra Singh , Kumari Anuradha
Published: June 2024

Aim: Recently, many viral Immunogenic peptides or epitopes have been used as potential vaccine and also immuno-diagnostic candidates. In this study, we predicted different epitopic peptides on VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) using bioinformatics tools, which can be potential vaccine as well as diagnostic candidate for IBD, in future.
Study Design:  In the present study, B-cell epitopes (linear or continuous, and conformational) and T-cell epitopes were predicted on VP2 protein.
Place and Duration of Study: Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna, and Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India between June and December 2023.
Methodology: For the prediction of linear B-cell epitopes, Bepipred Linear Epitope Prediction 2.0, SVMTriP, and BCPred tools were used, while Ellipro was used for conformational B-cell epitopes prediction. In the absence of immune-bioinformatics tool is available to predict poultry MHC-peptide binding, only those human MHC-I/II alleles having greater than 70% identities those of poultry MHC-I/II alleles were selected. NetMHCcons 1.1 and NetMHCIIpan - 4.0 tools were used to predict strong binding affinity of peptides  with MHC-I and MHC-II, respectively.
Results: As per analysis by four different tools, the peptide ‘SYDLGYVRLGDPIPAIGLDPKMV ATCDSSDRPRVYTITAADDYQFSSQYQPGGV164-217’ (EpitopeL) was predicted as the most prominent linear B-cell epitope. Two peptides, i.e. ANLNSPLKIAG (EpitopeC 1) and SSQYQPGGRTSVHGLGLTTGTDKSGGQAGDQMS (EpitopeC 2) were predicted as potent conformational B-cell epitopes. During T-cell epitopes prediction, human HLA*B 40:06, HLA*B 41:03 and HLA*B 41:04 alleles chosen as homologues of poultry MHC class I alleles while DRB1:1310, DRB1:1366, DRB1:1445, and DRB1:1482 chosen as homologues of poultry MHC class II alleles. A 9-mer GELVFQTSV236-244 peptide was predicted as MHC-I strong binder ability while, two 15-mer peptides, i.e. YTKLILSERDRLGIK389-403 and QMLLTAQNLPASYNY76-90 were predicted as MHC-II strong binder ability.
Conclusion: Using bio-computational analysis, one linear and two conformational B-cell epitopes were predicted on VP2 protein of IBDV. During T-cell epitopes prediction one 9-mer peptide and two 15-mer peptides were predicted as MHC-I and MHC-II strong binding peptides, respectively. After assessing protective immune responses through in vitro and in vivo studies, these predicted peptides could be potential candidates for developing subunit vaccines.
Seasonal Variation and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteriological Parameters in Groundwater Sources in Oyi LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Okoye Elochukwu Chidubem Sunday , Egudu Nnachetam Anthony , Dibua Nwamaka Anthonia , Okoye Lydia Chidimma
Published: June 2024

Potable water is essential for health and survival of all life forms. Contamination of groundwater sources by microbes, organic and inorganic matter has continued to negatively affect the well-being of most people in developing countries such as Nigeria. Thus, this study aimed to determine the seasonal variation and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteriological parameters in groundwater sources in Oyi LGA, Anambra State, Nigeria. Hand-dug well and borehole water sites were randomly selected in five communities of Oyi LGA, and water samples were aseptically collected and analyzed using standard microbiological procedures. The total heterotrophic counts of bacteria isolated from groundwater samples during both seasons were between 1.3×102 and 2.87×104 CFU/mL, total coliform counts ranged from 2 to 165 MPN/100mL and faecal coliform ranged from 0 to 32 MPN/100mL. Probable bacterial isolates in groundwater samples were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Shigella flexneri, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterobacter sp. Seasonal variations showed there were more bacterial loads in sampled water during wet season than dry season. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that all the bacterial isolates were sensitive to Levofloxacin and Ofloxacin, and are recommended for treatment of diseases caused by some of these pathogens. Shigella flexneri exhibited highest susceptibility (60%) to the antibiotics, while Enterobacter faecalis showed highest resistance (70%). Escherichia coli exhibited 50% susceptibility and 50% resistance. The sampled water sources did not meet the WHO and NSDWQ guidelines for drinking water, and therefore not fit for human consumption without adequate treatment.
Unraveling the Complex Interplay: COVID-19 and Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Deiveegan Dharani Swarna , Singh Atinder , Shazi Muhammad Ilyas , Rehman Wajeeh Ur , Akram Muhammad Rizwan , Tauqeer Saliha , Raval Darshankumar , Bibi Ruqiya , Subhan Muhammad , Manoharasetty Advaith
Published: June 2024

The association between COVID-19 and heart failure (HF) presents multifaceted challenges and implications for clinical management. This comprehensive review explores the epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic associations between COVID-19 and HF, emphasizing the bidirectional impact of these conditions on patient outcomes. COVID-19 can precipitate or exacerbate HF through myocardial injury, inflammation, thrombosis, and immune dysregulation, while pre-existing HF increases the severity and complications of COVID-19. Diagnostic challenges arise from overlapping symptoms and the need to differentiate between COVID-19-related lung pathology and HF manifestations. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, including ACE2 dysregulation, cytokine release syndrome, and hypercoagulability, is crucial for optimizing management strategies. Early identification, multidisciplinary collaboration, personalized treatment, and patient education are essential to managing COVID-19 and HF. Insights from this review inform clinical practice, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions and ongoing research to mitigate the impact of these complex interactions on patient outcomes and public health initiatives.
Main Painful Complains among Physiotherapy Students Due to Arduous Course: A Cross Sectional Survey
Authors: Amaral Zuleide Alves , Lima Melise Noleto da Cruz e , Araujo Warly Neves de , Almeida Thais Bezerra de , Noleto Cassia Alves de Carvalho , Neto Agrinazio Geraldo Nascimento , Araújo Isadora , Takada Jacqueline Aparecida Philipino , Noleto Priscila França Marra , Rocha Luzia Pereira da , Pereira Adelma Martins
Published: June 2024

Aims: To analyze the main pain complaints among physiotherapy students at UnirG University, in order to understand the triggering factors and develop health promotion strategies that improve the well-being and quality of life of these students.
Study Design:  This study consisted of a descriptive field research, with a cross-sectional design and a qualitative-quantitative approach.
Place and Duration of Study: Conducted from March 2024 to April 2024.
Methodology: The sample consisted of 131 of the 202 students enrolled in the undergraduate program from the first to the tenth period, of both sexes, in the Physical Therapy course at the University of Gurupi-TO (UnirG). A questionnaire with 22 questions formulated in an objective and easy-to-understand manner was used. Data collection took place digitally, using Google Forms.
Results: The results highlighted a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, especially in the spine, and a significant proportion of students engaged in prolonged sedentary behaviors. In the periods where the students were in supervised clinical internship, such as the ninth and tenth periods, the number of university students complaining of some painful condition presented a higher number, represented with 83.33% equally.
Conclusion: These findings contribute to a better understanding of the challenges faced by physiotherapy students regarding musculoskeletal health and highlight the importance of preventive strategies to promote physical and mental well-being.
Management of Sunflower Necrosis and Sunflower Leaf Curl Diseases by Using Insecticides
Authors: Poornima  , Ghante Vijaykumar N. , Kulakarni Vikas V. , Umesh M.R.
Published: June 2024

A field experiment on management of Sunflower Necrosis and Sunflower Leaf Curl disease was conducted for three years during rabi season at Main Agricultural Research Station, Raichur. The experiment was planned with seven treatments (six insecticides and one untreated) in three replications for three successive years i.e., rabi 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-19. The insecticides used were imidacloprid 17.8 SL, fipronil 5 SC, triazophos 40 EC, diafenthiuron 50 WP, flonicamid 50 WG and spiromesifen 24 SC. For six treatments (T1 to T6) seed treatment was done with imidacloprid 600 FS and for T7 was maintained without seed treatment. Pooled analysis revealed that the treatment T4 :(Seed treatment with imidacloprid 600 FS@ 5ml/kg seed+ foliar spray with Flonicamide 50WG @ 0.25g/l at 30, 45 and 60 DAS recorded the lesser Sunflower necrosis and Sunflower leaf curl incidence of 4.21% and 4.54% respectively with higher yield of 1630 kg/ha, which is followed by the treatment T5 : (Seed treatment with imidacloprid 600FS @ 5ml/kg seed + foliar spray with Diafenthiuron 50 wp  @ 1gm/lit at 30, 45 and 60 DAS) recorded Sunflower necrosis and Sunflower leaf curl incidence of 6.34% and 7.06% respectively with higher yield of 1560 kg/ha and both were at par. Both the treatments recorded B:C ratio of 1.76 and 1.59 respectively. Higher incidence of Sunflower necrosis and Sunflower leaf curl 10.70% and 18.46% respectively and lower yield of 968.4 kg/ha was recorded in untreated control.
The Role of AI Enabled Chatbots in Omnichannel Customer Service
Authors: Ghosh Samadrita , Ness Stephanie , Salunkhe Shruti
Published: June 2024

Currently, organizations are progressively embracing artificial intelligence (AI) and chatbots to transform omnichannel customer service in the modern digital age. This study examines the revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and chatbots in providing seamless, personalized, and efficient consumer experiences across various communication channels. AI technology, such as machine learning and natural language processing, enable organizations to analyze large volumes of data, predict client requirements, and offer immediate support. Chatbots, functioning as artificial intelligence-powered virtual assistants, have a key function in interacting with customers through natural language conversations and providing immediate assistance through several channels, including websites, mobile apps, and messaging platforms. Through the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and chatbots, organizations may optimize efficiency, responsiveness, and personalization in consumer interactions, resulting in heightened satisfaction and loyalty. Nevertheless, the implementation of AI and chatbots in omnichannel customer service also gives rise to ethical concerns, including data protection, transparency, and fairness, which need to be resolved in order to guarantee appropriate utilization of these technologies. Notwithstanding these difficulties, the capacity of AI and chatbots to revolutionize the customer service industry is unquestionable, providing organizations with novel prospects to distinguish themselves and provide extraordinary experiences in the digital era. This article offers valuable insights into the developing patterns, difficulties, and possibilities linked to AI and chatbots in Omnichannel customer service. It emphasizes the revolutionary influence of these technologies on the future of managing customer experience.
Terminalia arjuna Bark Biosorbent for Efficient Lead (II) Removal from Synthetic Wastewater
Authors: Kumari Sachin , Singh Sushila , Sangwan Vinod , Rani Indu
Published: June 2024

Aim: Heavy metal such as lead ions is toxic and its entry in water environment is a threat to human as well as aquatic life. Plant based adsorbents have attracted a great attention as ecofriendly and low-cost adsorbent.  The goal of this study was to prepare adsorbent from Terminalia arjuna bark using chemicals named hydrochloride followed by sodium hydroxide for lead ions removal.
Study Design: The research is experimental in nature.
Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at CCSHAU, Hisar in year 2022-23.
Methodology: The functionality, surface morphology, and elemental analysis of that biosorbent was analysed by FTIR, FE-SEM with EDX respectively. The bark samples were treated with 400 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloride and 400 mL of 0.01 M sodium hydroxide, respectively, before being used as an adsorbent. Batch studies were done for biosorption of heavy metal ions. The maximum biosorption capacity of lead ions were optimized by varying the pH (2-8), lead ions concentration (10- 100 mg/L), biosorbent dose (0.01-0.04 g/50mL), and contact time (10–60 minutes).
Results: The maximum removal efficiency of about 71% was obtained at 6 pH having 0.03g of biosorbent at 27⁰C for 60 minutes. The Freundlich adsorption isotherms and pseudo first order kinetics models were the most suitable for the biosorption of lead ions and the maximum adsorption capacity was 125 mgg-1 at optimized time 60 minutes.
Conclusion: The finding indicated that Terminalia arjuna bark based biosorbents would potentially be an inexpensive and environment friendly for lead ions removal from water environment.
A Review: Medicinal Properties and Health Benefits of Bael (Aegle marmelos)
Authors: Banerjee Aranyak , Jain Shubham , Lokesh . , Singh Anshuman , Dhakad Atul , Singh Alan Evon , Pandey Anamika , Mani Gopal
Published: June 2024

In ancient India, the eagle marmelos, also known as bael, was associated with folklore. In traditional medical systems such as Ayurveda, every component of the tree, including the root, bark, fruit, leaf, and flower, has therapeutic value for treating various maladies. Current studies have found valuable bioactive substances that support Bael's pharmacological functioning. Bael fruits are rich source in vitamins, minerals and many types of nutrients. Bael fruit has been a major topic for studies in recent years mainly due to its high nutritional (carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins) value and presence of various phytochemicals, which attributed to its high medicinal value. These phytochemicals include various compounds, e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid, gallic, and ellagic acid). Due to its possible application as an anticancer agent in the treatment of many cancer types and other fatal diseases, this plant is now gaining attention. In this article, we describe the botanical properties of Bael, its traditional use, its phytochemicals, and its pharmaceutical applications in brief.
Biological and Chemical Factors Influencing Food Allergies: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sharma Yatharth , Patil Prasad , Khatal Manjit M , Huchchannanavar Shilpa , Rachana M N  , Lytand Wankasaki , Debnath Abhijit , Fatima Shifat , Srivastava Aparna
Published: June 2024

Food allergies have become a significant public health concern, affecting millions worldwide. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted nature of food allergies, shedding light on the intricate interplay of biological and chemical factors. We delve into the mechanisms of allergen recognition and sensitization, genetic predisposition, and the role of the gut microbiome. Moreover, we examine the influence of food processing techniques, additives, and cross-reactivity in the development and severity of food allergies. Food allergies, an adverse health condition triggered by the immune system's hypersensitivity to certain food proteins, have been rising globally, affecting millions of individuals and posing significant public health challenges. This comprehensive review explores the biological and chemical factors influencing the development, manifestation, and management of food allergies. Key biological factors include genetic predisposition, age, and immune system interactions, such as the roles of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and non-IgE mediated responses. Additionally, microbiota composition and environmental exposures during critical windows of immune development are examined. Chemical factors encompass the molecular structure of allergens, food processing methods, and the presence of food additives and contaminants. Advances in diagnostic techniques, such as component-resolved diagnostics and epitope mapping, along with emerging therapies like immunotherapy and biologics, are discussed. The review emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary approaches integrating molecular biology, immunology, and environmental science to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for reducing the burden of food allergies and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.
Malignant Hypertension: Importance of the Fundus in Emergency Services
Authors: Hassina S  , Bardi S  , Cheikhna B  , Bekkar B  , Bouradouane K  , Akkanour Y  , Serghini L  , EL Abdalah
Published: June 2024

In this article, we highlight the importance of the ophthalmologist in the diagnosis of hypertensive emergencies. It is crucial to know how to make the correct diagnosis and correctly refer the patient. We report a case of a 23-year-old female patient with a history of undocumented nephropathy since the age of 10 years that was admitted for a sudden decrease in visual acuity and persistent headaches that did not respond to pain medication. Diagnosis is often difficult and delayed, the role of the ophthalmologist remains crucial, as our case illustrates. It underlines the urgent need to reduce blood pressure, and highlights the importance of regular follow-up and compliance with treatment to prevent serious complications.