bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral Judgment Research and the Cognitive‐Developmental Approach to Moral Education
Authors: REST JAMES R.
Published: December 2011

Describing Kohlberg's interview test and his own Defining Issues Test (DIT), Rest assures us that we now have usable, reliable ways of assessing an individual's moral judgment development level. There is evidence for accepting a developmental sequence in moral judgment, from low stage thinking to higher stage thinking. Rest reviews the evidence for three aspects of morality as part of the cognitive domain, although numerous other factors beyond moral judgment influence concrete behavior. The author offers impressions about educational interventions. Moral judgment theory is considered the current best choice for “theoretical richness, practical implications, validated findings.”
Notes on Research Associated With Values Clarification and Value Therapy
Authors: LOCKWOOD ALAN L.
Published: December 2011

This article critically reviews research on two ways of practicing Values Clarification and Value Therapy. It views Values Clarification research as derived from its widespread practice, whereas Value Therapy is seen as derived from experimental research. In evaluations of the claims of the Glaser‐Kirschenbaum article in this issue, two studies that sought to enhance self‐esteem are described as related to Values Clarification goals. In evaluations of the claims of the research cited in the Rokeach‐Regan article, one Value Therapy study, by Greenstein, is examined in detail. The author suggests a need to consider how these approaches work with different age groups.
Some Appraised Instruments of Values for Counselors
Authors: KAVANAGH HARRY B.
Published: December 2011

The article by Kavanagh reviews several instruments that have been available for some time but perhaps neglected by counselors. Analyzing strengths and weaknesses of these items, he concludes that their judicious use can help toward the upgrading of counseling effectiveness.

Clark Power's addendum introduces what could be called the forefront of values assessment. He looks at the varied values needs of the counselor and researcher and offers information about material that is still being researched or has recently become available.
A Psychological Education Curriculum for Immigrant Adolescents
Authors: Arredondo‐Dowd Patricia M.
Published: December 2011

This article describes a psychological education curriculum, “Cross‐Cultural Experiences,” directed to immigrant adolescents. It was taught as one part of a doctoral research study that looked into immigrants' ego development, moral reasoning, and identity. The major underlying assumption was that the immigrant adolescents were no different from their American‐born contemporaries in these developmental processes. It was hypothesized that the experimental curriculum would stimulate their psychological development. This article discusses implications of the findings for counselors, educators, and social scientists.
Fostering Moral Development Through Creative Dramatics
Authors: Wallin Gloria Jane
Published: December 2011

Wallin used creative dramatics to stimulate the moral development of students in inner‐city schools. Moral dilemma situations were dramatized. At first, the source of the dilemmas was commercially available materials, but later the students created their own materials, three of which Wallin summarizes. The dramatic presentations, followed by discussion, may be a method for growth in moral judgments and ultimately in advanced moral behavior.
Marijuana: A Review of Medical Research With Implications for Adolescents
Authors: MARGOLIS ROBERT , POPKIN NANCY
Published: December 2011

Recent medical evidence indicates that marijuana is more harmful than had previously been suspected. A review of recent research in the following areas is presented: tolerance and persistence, reproductive system, respiratory system, immune system, central nervous system, genetic and chromosomal effects, and behavioral effects. Implications for mental health professionals are discussed.
Acting the Role of a Counselor
Authors: YAGER GEOFFREY G. , HECTOR MARK A.
Published: December 2011

In this article, Yager and Hector argue that all people, including counselors, developmentally learn and subsequently act out a set of roles that includes both “real self” roles and other, less familiar, and more uncomfortable roles. They suggest that certain principles employed in the training of actors can be applied to counselor preparation. The authors briefly discuss relevant research and offer specific implications and suggestions for counselor educators.
Classroom Teacher and Teacher‐in‐Training Susceptibility to Stereotypical Bias
Authors: FOSTER GLEN , ALGOZZINE BOB , YSSELDYKE JAMES
Published: December 2011

Two groups of classroom teachers and two groups of teacher trainees completed behavior checklists, first for a hypothetical child labeled either normal or emotionally disturbed and then for a videotaped child, labeled normal or emotionally disturbed. From an ANOVA of their responses, it was concluded that teachers and trainees hold quantitatively similar stereotypes for normal and disturbed children but differ in their susceptibility to label‐induced bias. Teachers tended to be more realistic in their evaluations of “normal,” nonbiased behavior, but were influenced by the biasing label to a greater extent than the trainees. The authors discuss limitations of the study and its implications for training programs.
Competencies Counselor Educators Value
Authors: WHITE LINNEA C.
Published: December 2011

The research described here demonstrates one method for the behavioral definition of competencies desired for graduate students in counseling. Counselor educators were asked to rate the importance of selected student behaviors in their current evaluation of their graduate students. A total of 684 or 45.6% of all full‐time counselor educators in Hollis and Wantz's Counselor Education Directory 1974 completed the questionnaire. Ten dimensions emerged from the factor analysis of the data: Personal Development, Research and Professional Activities, Behavioral Strategies in Counseling, Application of Counseling Theory, Class Participation, Relationship Strategies in Counseling, Collaboration, Efficiency, Respect for Individuality, and Flexibility. Counselor educators self‐identified with four theoretical orientations differed significantly at the .05 level on their valuing of 8 of the 10 factors. The orientations compared were behavioral, client‐centered, eclectic, and humanistic. The analyses of variance also revealed significant differences on five factors among the respondents when the data were analyzed by academic rank.
Counseling Women Who Want Both a Profession and a Family
Authors: GRAY JANET DREYFUS
Published: December 2011

Research has shown that many women who seek to combine a demanding career and a family encounter a variety of problems and conflicts. This article reviews the special problems of this group of women as well as research findings on effective coping strategies. The implications of these findings for developing appropriate counseling interventions are discussed.
Images: The Use of Photographs in Personal Counseling
Authors: AMERIKANER MARTIN , SCHAUBLE PAUL , ZILLER ROBERT
Published: December 2011

Amerikaner, Schauble, and Ziller provide a method for using client‐created photographs in counseling individuals. They explore several approaches to using the data generated through photographic self‐description. Two contrasting sets of photographs present illustrations, and the article concludes with suggestions for additional developments and research with the method.
Birth of A Person: One Woman's Reflections on Survival and Growth
Authors: PIERCY FRED P.
Published: December 2011

Through her words written in a daily log, a woman examines her life and goals, her relationship with her husband, and the influence in her life of an assertion‐training course.
The Need for an Awareness of Specialized Issues in Counseling Alcoholic Women
Authors: LEMAY DIANE
Published: December 2011

Because of the increase in the number of women seeking treatment for alcoholism in recent years, it is essential that counselors give careful consideration to how this client population can most effectively be helped. Three counselors from the Alcohol Institute of the Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, were interviewed for this article. Their perceptions and experiences as alcoholism counselors are integrated with some of the current research on alcoholic women to provide a framework for professionals in a variety of settings to develop an awareness of the specific issues affecting alcoholic women and to begin to address these issues with their clients.
Community‐Based Guidance: A ‘Tupperware Party’ Approach to Mid‐Life Decision Making
Authors: VOIGHT NANCY L. , LAWLER ALICE , FULKERSON KATHERINE FEE
Published: December 2011

This article examines a community‐based approach to assisting women in their mid‐life decisions through networking, peer‐counseling, and professional support.
The Story of Story Hour
Authors: WALDREN TERRY , McELMURRY TIM , BOWNS LOREN , ISRAELS DAWN
Published: December 2011

Children's stories, pajamas, robes, and stuffed animals provide the setting for Story Hour, a very successful program in a residence hall setting. This article describes the development of a three‐year program that has become a significant support group for students, especially new freshmen. Story Hour also provides an ideal setting for exposing students to a variety of stimulating and thought‐provoking ideas. The implementation, format, leadership, outcomes, and selected stories are discussed in this article.
Displaced Homemakers: Unresolved Issues
Authors: ZAWADA MARY ANN
Published: December 2011

The problems of displaced homemakers are not new, nor are they associated with only one target group. By reexamining the literature and personal counseling experiences of the 1960's, Zawada identifies 16 problems that overlap with those of today's displaced homemakers. Hopefully, this identification of unresolved issues will provide a working base for helping this new target group.
APGA Members in Retirement and Their Advice to the Rest of Us
Authors: ROCKWELL LAURALEE K. , HOOD ALBERT B. , LEE VIRGINIA E.
Published: December 2011

Retired and emeritus members of APGA answered a survey on their lives in retirement, their recommendations to APGA concerning activities for retired members, their suggestions for training programs in geriatric counseling, and their advice to younger counselors on planning for retirement. The results indicate most retired counselors are financially comfortable and continue to lead happy and productive lives in retirement. In their recommendations the counselors emphasized the need to remain active and stressed the importance of planning well in advance of actual retirement. They had many specific suggestions for APGA programming.
Creativity and Counseling
Authors: COLE HENRY P. , SARNOFF DAVID
Published: December 2011

This article distinguishes between curative, restorative psychotherapy, and educative, growth‐oriented counseling. The authors show how the processes and methods of creativity in scientific and artistic pursuits are similar to those of personal growth and counseling. They also discuss divergent production, deferred judgment, preparation, incubation, illumination, elaboration, and the balance between thought and emotion in terms of creativity and counseling. In this article, counselors can find new methods of facilitating creativity.
Unconventional Therapist: Albert Ellis
Authors: WEINRACH STEPHEN G.
Published: December 2011

Albert Ellis is one of counseling's most prolific authors, having written more than 40 books and 500 articles, most on the topic of Rational Emotive Therapy (RET). As RET's progenitor, he has been a moving force in the current renaissance of interest in the cognitive behavior movement. In this interview Ellis discusses his theory and its application and aspects of his personal and family life.
The Acquisition of Information: An Important Life Skill
Authors: HUDSON JUDITH , DANISH STEVEN J.
Published: December 2011

This article proposes the acquisition of information as a relevant step in the problem‐solving process. A problem‐solving model is outlined, the link between individuals and information is explored, and an information system is presented. The authors identify formal and informal resources and develop a model for teaching information acquisition. The need for learning this skill is considered in both a preventive/enhancement and counseling context.
Immediacy in Counseling: Recognizing Clients' Unspoken Messages
Authors: TUROCK ART
Published: December 2011

This article describes how to surface immediacy issues outlined in Carkhuff's developmental helping model and engage clients in exploring the counselor‐client relationship.
Professional Publication: Perhaps Counselors Should Query First
Authors: DORN FRED
Published: December 2011

Many editors of professional publications are overwhelmed by the number of manuscripts they receive each month. With rejection rates of near 90% for many periodicals, the need arises for an alternative to the present process of submission and rejection. Based on the personal experiences of the author, this article addresses the various ways a query letter may be used to make the process less frustrating for both writers and editors.
Follow‐up of Dropouts From Developmental Programs: A Supplemental Program Evaluation Approach
Authors: BARROW JOHN C.
Published: December 2011

A potentially useful program‐evaluation approach obtains information from program dropouts. This method was applied to university students who dropped out of four developmental programs offered by a student counseling center. Of 44 students telephoned, 29 were successfully reached by student paraprofessionals using a structured interview format. The results contain general implications for developmental programming and provided useful input for three of the programs.
Multivariate Analysis
Authors: BAGGALEY ANDREW R.
Published: December 2011

This article distinguishes two senses of the term “multivariate analysis,” discusses the issue of probability pyramiding, and recommends the use of multivariate procedures as a means of dealing with some aspects of this problem.
Techniques for Simultaneous Inference
Authors: SCHAFER WILLIAM D. , DAYTON C. MITCHELL
Published: December 2011

When more than one significance test is carried out on data from a single experiment, researchers are often concerned with the probability of one or more Type I errors over the entire set of tests. This article considers several methods of exercising control over that probability (the so‐called family‐wise Type I error rate), provides a schematic that can be used by a researcher to choose among the methods, and discusses applications to contingency tables.
Bulimia: New Mental Health Problem on the Campus?
Authors: Domke Jane A.
Published: December 2011

Thomas Hohenshil and Rodney K. Goodyear: Special Assignment Editors

Regina C. Casper, Elke D. Eckert, Katherine A. Halmi, Solomon C. Goldberg, and John M. Davis, Bulimia: Its Incidence and Clinical Importance in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1980, 37, 1030–1035.

Paul E. Garfinkel, Harvey Moldofsky, and David M. Garner, The Heterogeneity of Anorexia Nervosa: Bulimia as a Distinct Subgroup. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1980, 37, 1036–1040.
Cognition and Feeling States: Unraveling the Issues
Authors: Goodyear Rodney K. , Bradley Fred O.
Published: December 2011

Zajonc, R. B. Feeling and thinking: preferences need no inferences
Coaching Clients to Manage Depression
Authors: McBRIEN ROBERT J.
Published: December 2011

The author presents a system of behavioral techniques that permits clients to manage their own depression. By coaching clients through the sequence of self‐management procedures identified by Kahn (1976) and using the strategies offered by Lewinsohn (1975), counselors have an effective set of techniques to lead clients to successful coping with depression. The sequence of self‐observation, self‐mediation, and self‐reinforcement activities is based on Lewinsohn's (1975) work and is effective with moderately depressed clients. This comprehensive treatment program requires a minimum amount of counselor intervention for a maximum amount of client gain.
Professional Outreach Counseling Can Help the Juvenile Probationer: A Two Year Follow‐up Study
Authors: LEE ROBERT , OLEJNIK STEPHEN
Published: December 2011

Sixty‐one subjects in a previously reported experimental evaluation of Project CREST were followed during a 2‐year period after treatment and compared on official acts of misconduct. Over the 2 years, the 30 youths who had received the counseling services in addition to probation were charged with significantly fewer acts of misconduct at a lower monthly rate than the 31 youths in the control group who had received probation but no counseling. The upturn in offense rate among the control group was attributed to the removal of probationary control. The study's results, in conjunction with previous evaluation findings, indicated that short‐term professional counseling coupled with probation can have more immediate and longer lasting effects than probation alone in reducing juvenile misconduct.
The Mexican American in Higher Education: An Example of Subtle Stereotyping
Authors: CASAS JESÚS MANUEL , ATKINSON DONALD R.
Published: December 2011

This article focuses on four major weaknesses that are prevalent in behavioral science articles on Mexican Americans: (a) overgeneralization from a small subgroup to the total Mexican‐American population; (b) misuse and misinterpretation of data; (c) adherence to a culture‐blame syndrome; and (d) inappropriate treatment suggestions. In order to facilitate discussion, examples are drawn from an article published recently in the Personnel and Guidance Journal. Suggestions for improving counseling research and practice relative to Mexican Americans and other minorities are presented.
A Meta‐Model for Evaluating Counseling Programs
Authors: DANIELS M. HARRY , MINES ROBERT , GRESSARD CHARLES
Published: December 2011

One of the problems associated with program evaluation is the selection of appropriate evaluation procedures. Given the existence of multiple evaluation models, counselors would benefit by having a systematic means for identifying the evaluation model best suited for the task at hand. This article responds to that need by presenting a conceptual framework or meta‐model for appraising the utility of existing evaluation models and for identifying the evaluation procedure best suited to any particular situation.
Sexual Enhancement for Young Adults
Authors: FYFE BILL
Published: December 2011

Despite the recent development of sexual enhancement programs, young, premarital aged adults (18 to 20) have usually been excluded from participation. Few models exist that attempt to meet the needs of this age group. In an effort to bridge this gap, a sexual enhancement workshop has been developed that focuses specifically on the needs of young adults.
Dual Career Marriages: Elements for Potential Success
Authors: MAPLES MARY F.
Published: December 2011

Dual career marriages are a new phenomenon in the alternative family life‐style scene in America. Working couples in general do not fit into the definition applied to this life‐style. This is caused by the deep commitment that each partner feels for his or her work relationship. However, the 1980s will see significant increases in this group. There are joys and sorrows associated with dual career marriages. This article will examine the uniqueness of family and work relationships and will attempt to describe various ingredients that appear to lead to success in the two career partnership.
A Structural Blueprint for Group Facilitators: Three Group Modalities
Authors: BETZ ROBERT L. , WILBUR MICHAEL P. , ROBERTS‐WILBUR JANICE
Published: December 2011

This article provides a conceptual model, typology, or blueprint to unify and more clearly understand the spectrum of task‐, socio‐, and psycho‐group processes used by guidance and counseling personnel. The authors provide a structure for group leaders to follow within their various group forms or modalities.
Consultation and the Introduction of Social Problem‐Solving Groups in Schools
Authors: ALPERT JUDITH L. , ROSENFIELD SYLVIA
Published: December 2011

Social problem‐solving programs for withdrawn and hyperactive children within a school context were developed and implemented in a day care center, a Montessori nursery school, a Catholic elementary school, and a Catholic high school. This article describes the program implementation for each of the four schools and some of the effects on the consultative relationship.
Helping Counselors Learn to Confront
Authors: TAMMINEN ARMAS W. , SMABY MARLOWE H.
Published: December 2011

This article presents a model for training counselors to confront empathetically and presents a confrontation training scale that includes the inadequate responses of acquiescing and scolding and the progressively more effective responses of recognizing ineffective behavior, realizing its negative consequences, and committing to change. The authors contend that counselors who confront tend to become more empathic but also more able to help others and themselves face their problems responsibly.
Corporate Psychology: An Answer to Occupational Mental Health
Authors: LEONARDS JEFFREY T.
Published: December 2011

Corporate planners acknowledge that productivity is directly related to employee mental health. This recognition is reflected by the recent upsurge of corporate in‐house, human resource programs. Although their latent function may be economic rather than humanitarian, these programs nevertheless provide psychological assistance for problems considered to be normal episodes of human development. Counseling psychologists may be the best equipped to work with a corporate clientele because, unlike the clinician, the counselor is trained to work with healthy, instead of disturbed, personalities. Most of the developmental crises encountered by the corporate psychologist are associated with stress, midlife, or career development.
The Personal, Academic, and Career Problems of College Student Athletes: Some Possible Answers
Authors: WITTMER JOE , BOSTIC DON , PHILLIPS TERRY DON , WATERS WRIGHT
Published: December 2011

This paper reports the development of a unique counseling program for student athletes at the University of Florida in which the athletic counselor's role has been expanded beyond traditional roles to that of identifying and assisting with the athletes' personal, vocational, and academic concerns. The authors also report on a recently developed course in counselor education targeted toward athletes and discuss a preventive approach using individual and group counseling of athletes.
Moving toward Counselor Licensure: A Statewide Survey
Authors: SWANSON JOHN L.
Published: December 2011

This article reports the findings of a statewide counselor licensure survey in Oregon.
Counselor Licensure: Overkill?
Authors: DAVIS JANNAR W.
Published: December 2011

Within a context of public and individual harm resulting from the administration of licensing acts by those very health‐care practitioners in medicine, psychology, and marriage and family counseling committed to the betterment of society, this article argues that professional injustice can be decreased through both the implementation of state licensing and the alternative of national professional certification.
Career and Educational Counseling Implications of Women's Life Experience Learning
Authors: EKSTROM RUTH B. , BEIER JULIET J. , DAVIS E. LETA , GRUENBERG C. BROOKE
Published: December 2011

This article summarizes the responses of 131 adult women to a questionnaire survey of their experiences and activities in homemaking, parenting, volunteer work, recreation, formal and nonformal education, and paid work. The results show that reentry women have had a wide variety of life experiences through which they have developed job‐related skills. The findings also show the importance of counselor assistance in identifying nontraditional skills and in exploring how the interpersonal and managerial skills learned in unpaid work can aid women's career advancement.
To Change, Be Yourself: An Illustration of Paradox in Gestalt Therapy
Authors: PETERSON LORRIE , MELCHER ROBERT
Published: December 2011

Gestalt therapy emphasizes contact with unwanted and disowned aspects of self. This article describes the use of a therapeutic exercise based on paradoxical intent within the framework of Gestalt therapy and uses one client's account of the experience to illustrate its effectiveness.
Ethical Standards: Assets and Limitations
Authors: TALBUTT LOU CULLER
Published: December 2011

APGA's Ethical Standards is a code of ethics that serves as the professional guidelines for many counselors and offers some protection in malpractice litigation. This article discusses the assets and limitations of the Ethical Standards and draws some conclusions for counselors.
Paradox as a Treatment for Writer's Block
Authors: HENNING LAWRENCE H.
Published: December 2011

Writer's block can be devastating to a student's career, at times even leading to academic failure. This article discusses the application of innovative techniques that have proven effective in alleviating writer's block.
Psychosocial Dimensions of Student Athletes: Implications for Developmental Studies
Authors: HARRISON ROBERT E.
Published: December 2011

This article takes as its point of departure the enrollment in U.S. colleges of many highly skilled athletes who are severely lacking academically, and argues that remedial success could be maximized if practitioners in developmental studies programs better understand the unique psychosocial dimensions of the student athlete.
Training Bartenders as Helpers on a College Campus
Authors: BERNARD HAROLD S. , ROACH ALLEN M. , RESNICK HARVEY
Published: December 2011

Student bartenders working in a college rathskeller are portrayed as “gatekeepers”: individuals at a strategic point of contact between mental health professionals and people in need of such service. This article describes a training program that sought to enhance the skills necessary to perform a variety of gatekeeping functions. The program, which took the form of a one‐day workshop, included six major segments. The authors suggest that such a workshop is a potentially useful preventive mental health program for a college campus.
Counseling Patients with Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type and Their Families
Authors: LaBARGE EMILY
Published: December 2011

Within the field of gerontology, senile dementia of the Alzheimer type has been noted as an area in which the family does not receive much support, although the emotional burdens are tremendous. This article offers client‐centered counseling techniques for the Alzheimer Disease patient and examines the benefits of group or individual counseling for the family.
Bibliotherapy as a Counseling Adjunct: Research Findings
Authors: SCHRANK FREDERICK A. , ENGELS DENNIS W.
Published: December 2011

Counselors have been prompted to use bibliotherapy, but recommendations for using the technique are rarely based on published research. This article reviews the effectiveness of the technique and is intended to help counselors draw implications for using bibliotherapy in their professional practices.
Current Trends: Families: Another Profession's Perspectives
Authors: Rencken Robert H.
Published: December 2011

School Psychology Review. Vol. IX, No. 4, Fall 1980. Special Issue on Families: Current Status and Emerging Trends.
On Black Intelligence
Authors: Williams Robert L.
Published: December 2011

If a tree is to be judged by its fruit, if the intelligence of a race bears any relation to its accomplishment, it seems difficult to draw any conclusion other than that the black and brown races are inferior to the white race. R. S. Ellis, The Psychology of the Individual, 1928, p. 284.
A Critical Analysis of the Testing Game
Authors: Mitchell Horace , Williams Robert L.
Published: December 2011

By the time the fool has learned the rules of the game, the players have dispersed.
Improving Self‐Concept and Learning Skills of Marginal Black Students: A Seminar Approach
Authors: Parker Woodroe M. , Schauble Paul G. , Altmaier Elizabeth Mitchell
Published: December 2011

In this article, an eight‐session seminar model is presented. This seminar is designed to increase participants' study skills and to redefine participants' self‐concepts from those characterized by feelings of inadequacy and frustration to concepts of selves as competent and capable. Specific study skills content covers learning strategies, two‐way communication, learning styles, note making, test taking, vocational planning, and academic coping strategies. This seminar model has been used to meet the above goals with considerable success; relevant data from the evaluation of a class taught using this model is included.
Rhythm: A Psycho‐Philosophical Perspective on Black Behavior
Authors: Toldson Ivory L. , Pasteur Alfred B.
Published: December 2011

From things unknown

to our African beginnings

rhythm has predominated
ADEQUATE PROVISION FOR EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE IN A JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Friese John F.
Published: December 2011

Address at a Joint Meeting on Vocational Guidance by the American Vocational Association and the National Vocational Guidance Association at Louisville, Kentucky December 2, 1926
HOW TO TEACH OCCUPATIONS IN THE SMALL CITY HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Wardner Charles A.
Published: December 2011

Address at a Joint Meeting on Vocational Guidance by the American Vocational Association and the National Vocational Guidance Association at Louisville, Kentucky, December 3, 1926
SOME PROBLEMS OF VOCATIONAL ADJUSTMENT
Authors: Kitson Harry D.
Published: December 2011

Address at a Joint Meeting on Vocational Guidance by the American Vocational Association and the National Vocational Guidance Association at Louisville, Kentucky December 4, 1926
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTORS OF SIGNED REVIEWS FOR THIS DEPARTMENT
Authors: Metcalf Ruth Clark , Kitson Harry D. , Payne Arthur F. , Toops Herbert A. , Holbrook Harold L. , Linehan William F.
Published: December 2011

The Vocational Guidance of College Students. Lewis A. Maverick, Recorder and Lecturer in Education.

Light from the North. The Danish Folk Highschools: Their Meanings for America. Joseph K. Hart

Principles of Employment Psychology. Harold Ernest Burtt

The Mind at Work: In Studying, Thinking, and Reading. A Source Book and Discussion Manual. R. L. Lyman

Employment Statistics for the United States. Edited by Ralph G. Hurlin

New Schools for Older Students. Nathaniel Peffer.
A SCHEDULE AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR INVESTIGATION
Authors: Clark Florence E.
Published: December 2011

Address at Annual Conference of the National Vocational Guidance Association, Dallas, Texas, February, 1927.
WHAT COMMENDABLE GUIDANCE ACTIVITIES ARE NOW PROVIDED FOR INTERMEDIATE AND JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL PUPILS
Authors: Bryant Edythe K.
Published: December 2011

Vocational Guidance Section, American Vocational Association, Los Angeles, December 17, 1927
WHAT COMMENDABLE GUIDANCE ACTIVITIES ARE NOW PROVIDED FOR COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Authors: Maverick Lewis A.
Published: December 2011

Vocational Guidance Section, American Vocational Association, Los Angeles, December 17, 1927
WHAT EFFECTIVE GUIDANCE TECHNIQUES ARE BEING ADMINISTERED THROUGH TESTS AND MEASURING DEVICES
Authors: Dickson Virgil E.
Published: December 2011

Vocational Guidance Section, American Vocational Association, Los Angeles, December 19, 1927
OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION AS CONTENT FOR SOPHOMORE COMPOSITION
Authors: Callahan Doris T.
Published: December 2011

The following outline represents the work done in a Sophomore Composition “A” class in Northeast High School during the year 1928–29. Two purposes were adhered to: First, to give as concrete information as possible about ordinary adult occupations; second, to develop and use the ordinary techniques of composition as required in the year. Two days a week were devoted to this work, one day for oral composition and one for written. For the first six weeks, oral composition took the form of class discussion and the written composition following it included the ideas developed in the discussions. Notebooks were kept for the written composition and newspaper and magazine articles connected with the subject were clipped and filed in the notebooks.
IF OCCUPATIONS WERE ATHLETICS
Authors: Fisher Dorothy Canfield
Published: December 2011

Employing graceful analogies and trenchant phrases Mrs. Fisher protests the senselessness of leaving the selection of vocation to chance instead of to intelligent direction. Individuals must be helped into vocations for which they are best adapted. It is not easy to recognize intellectual and character differences between people. It takes a good human brain, sound, well‐informed and trained in a technique of which only the beginnings exist. Our fathers' was a negative victory over the obstacles of prejudice, caste lives, and tradition which formerly shut people out from suitable work. Ours must be a positive victory over the ignorance of our individual selves—ignorance which will be dispelled only by serious, responsible, pioneer research work.
NEW FRONTIERS IN OCCUPATIONS
Authors: Morgan Arthur E.
Published: December 2011

It is a commonplace to say that “America” is no longer a frontier country. In the large it is unquestionably true. Throughout the depression, however, President Morgan has held to the belief (and has acted upon that belief) that there are many undiscovered frontiers within the economic complex. New occupations can be found and made; new opportunities in old occupations are waiting to be seized. The Editors of Occupations have asked Dr. Morgan to take us on a voyage of discovery and exploration. In this article, the first of a series by the man whom President Roosevelt has chosen to head the work of developing Muscle Shoals, he tells of the possibilities of one new profession and of uncanvassed opportunities in an old one.

Managing public utilities can be transformed from a badly run political fob into a civically directed and efficiently conducted profession. One can prepare by combining work and study; he can start small—as a meter‐reader perhaps—and advance. The profession can attain the dignity of the superintendent of schools, but research and cooperation are necessary. Were these organized not only would present publicly owned utility systems employ trained managers, but more communities would establish such systems in the belief that they would be efficiently managed.

It has been often suggested that the doctor can find great opportunities in rural districts. Dr. Morgan, wasting between planes in a mountain region, conducted a brief telephone research. He learned that there are such opportunities and he speculates upon how they may be grasped by present or future physicians.
GUIDANCE OF THE UNEMPLOYED
Authors: Ogg Fern
Published: December 2011

Here is described a project in adult guidance which has met with unusual success and which is being duplicated in many of the larger centers of unemployment. Two purposes are kept constantly in mind: to raise the general morale of unemployed young men, and to develop the ability to help themselves. Nearly 500 persons have gone through this process of exploration, testing, counseling, and study during the past six months, resulting in many cases of satisfactory occupational readjustment. The average age of the group is twenty‐three years; twenty‐four per cent are college graduates, sixty per cent unemployed longer than six months, fifty‐one per cent with superior intelligence.
USE OF OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION
Authors: Brewer John M.
Published: December 2011

Of all the needs in the field of guidance, authentic occupational information is probably the most urgent at this time. When occupations are evolving so rapidly, and many becoming passé almost over night, we must have constant study and follow‐up. Another definite need is the coordination of guidance agencies, to the end that duplication be eliminated and that good material be made available to all. Occupational information is necessary for the student endeavoring to find himself occupationally, but it should be studied by everybody from a cultural standpoint. College students study the great literatures, better to enable them to join others in cooperative refinement of society; why not study occupations from the same point of view? During 1917–18 “War Aims” courses were given to young men who were of service age; what about occupational courses now for those entering the serious business of earning a living?

If there is extensive subject matter important for the conduct of human life, let classes be organized for teaching it, and put these classes alongside other subjects in the school and college curriculums.
AN APPRAISAL OF GUIDANCE
Authors: Kefauver Grayson N. , Hand Harold C.
Published: December 2011

This is a preliminary statement regarding the study of the measurable results of guidance programs. The study covers 5,000 students in ten cities. Comparing one eleventh‐grade guided group with another eleventh‐grade unguided group, no difference was found in the number making a vocational choice. One real difference was found in that the average I. Q. of those from the guided group choosing the professions was 117.5, while the average of those from the unguided group was 104.2. The measurement of actual occupational information, however, showed no significant difference.
THE TEACHING SCHOLAR
Authors: Hawkes H. E.
Published: December 2011

The Dean of Columbia College is well qualified to write of the profession of the teaching scholar. Called to an administrative post after long experience in college teaching, he exemplifies the type of scholarship described in his article. The author indicates the qualities essential to success in this profession, discusses professional opportunities, and makes suggestions regarding training and preparation.
INVESTIGATIONS IN GUIDANCE
Authors: Kefauver Grayson N. , Davis Albert M.
Published: December 2011

Every great social movement has begun with its head in the blue sky of idealism and taken years to get its feet upon the solid ground of self‐criticism and realistic evaluation of results. Guidance is no exception. Its early days were days of propaganda; more recently the literature has been devoted largely to descriptions of guidance programs. Eventually we shall reach a period of mature self‐criticism, based upon the evaluation of carefully controlled experiments.

Dean Kefauver and Mr. Davis here show that the thinking of leaders in the guidance movement is tending in this direction. Although an examination of 461 magazine articles on guidance, published in the last five years, has revealed only 140 which involved any systematic investigation, fifty‐one professors and ten directors of guidance have indicated their composite opinion that the research most needed at present is the evaluation of existing or experimental programs.
THE GUIDANCE OF YOUTH IN THE COLLEGES
Authors: Cowdery Karl M.
Published: December 2011

The President of the American College Personnel Association here gives us a general survey of personnel work in colleges—its importance, its scope, and its trends. He employs a broad definition, and points out that not all the personnel work that is being done is called by that name. In conclusion he says that ideally the whole college or university is permeated with the idea and spirit and engaged in the practice of personnel work, and that all the staff members, from the president down, are personnel workers. This article is prefatory to others dealing with particular phases of the subject. One of these—relating to vocational try‐outs at Radcliffe—will be published in the January issue of this magazine.
New Deal Implications
Authors: Duff John Carr
Published: December 2011

Following is an editorial which appeared in the September number of The Clearing House, correctly described on the title page as “A journal for progressive junior and senior high‐school people.” the editorial was called “Implications of the New Deal for Schools,” and signed with the initials “J. C. D.” We asked and received permission to reprint it, and here it is.
MENTAL PERILS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Authors: Beckman R. O.
Published: December 2011

There is the social, or socio‐economic, problem of unemployment. This problem, as it affects individuals, is not merely the problem of losing a job and finding or trying to find another. It cuts deep into the emotional life, threatens the disintegration of personality, and thus presents a problem of mental hygiene. Instinctive fear gets in its deadly licks. The sense of security is weakened, the sense of inferiority is strengthened. Accustomed activities giving opportunity for self‐assertion and self‐expression are cut off, and the underlying “drives” are blocked or diverted. Neurotic habits and attitudes may develop, and the individual, apart from his mental discomfort, may become unable to function at his normal capacity.

In this article the author, understandingly and sympathetically, writes of these dangers to personality and character, explains their mechanisms, workings, and effects, and tells how they may be avoided or overcome. Chief among the means of keeping mentally fit and healthy, during the ordeal of unemployment, is knowledge—particularly self‐knowledge, but also knowledge of economic processes and vocational opportunities. How this knowledge may be used in banishing fear and preserving or regaining self‐confidence and self‐respect is described with many illustrations from actual experiences known to the author. The part played, in this application of intelligence to the personal problem of morale, not only by redirection of instinctive motivations but by loyalty to conscious life‐goals and ideals, is shown by illuminating and inspiring examples.
TUGWELL'S “The Industrial Discipline”
Authors: Dewey John
Published: December 2011

When Professor Tugwell's book on “The Industrial Discipline and the Governmental Arts” appeared a few months ago, the editors (including the staff of the National Occupational Conference) were strongly impressed by what seemed to them a most significant contribution to the literature of socio‐economic problems. Some of the things that the author had to say seemed also to have a very direct and important bearing on problems of vocational guidance and occupational adjustment. We asked John Dewey to review the book, and we judge from the letter accompanying his manuscript that he wishes he had read it earlier and taken more time (we would gladly have granted the space) for discussing its rich contents. But he does give us one of his most forceful, suggestive and trenchant criticisms.

We are also presenting to our readers a series of excerpts from the book itself, having received permission from the author and the publishers.
COOPERATION
Authors: Tenney Asa C.
Published: December 2011

Following is a description of a guidance recitation. It is taken by permission from an article on “The Guidance Period” in the September issue of The Junior‐Senior High School Clearing House. Read it and weep.
FACTORS RELATED TO SATISFACTION OR DISSATISFACTION WITH TEACHING AMONG BEGINNING TEACHERS
Authors: Bledsoe Joseph C. , Crafton Arvin D.
Published: December 2011

Responses of 111 dissatisfied beginning teachers were compared with responses of a random sample of 111 very much satisfied beginning teachers stratified by teaching level to 108 items on the Georgia Beginning Teacher Questionnaire. The two groups were discriminated by 62 items with Choice of Vocation (3 of 5 items), Teacher Preparation Program (25 of 38 items), and Teaching as a Career (4 of 4) items revealing greatest discriminating power. Satisfied teachers not only revealed greater identification with teaching as a career, but did in fact remain in teaching in significantly greater proportions the following year. Dissatisfied teachers seemed to project problems to others, whereas satisfied teachers were more likely to internalize difficulties and to have more realistic expectations.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUPERVISORY RATINGS AND THE PERSONALITY OF FEMALE STUDENT TEACHERS
Authors: Allan Thomas Kenneth
Published: December 2011

This study investigated relationships between the California Psychological Inventory and Supervisory ratings of student teaching. Subjects were 77 female student teachers. A similar group of 78 subjects comprised the cross‐validational sample. Canonical analysis was used to accomplish optimal weighting of predictor and criterion variables. A canonical correlation of .52 between three variables and the composite criterion was significant at the .001 level. Employing the computed equation with cross‐validation samples, a correlation of .38, significant at the .05 level, was obtained. Results indicated that certain aspects of the American system of training teachers might be reinforcing dogmatic tendencies of student teachers.
VALUE CHOICES OF FORTY PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS
Authors: Holmes June E.
Published: December 2011

A sample of 40 College of Education students enrolled in the course “Student Personnel Services in Higher Education” in two separate New England schools were the volunteer subjects of this investigation. Twenty were from a large urban university and 20 were from a state college in rural New England. The data were gathered by means of individual interviews and consisted basically of student responses to five areas: Employment and Economics; Race and Class; Leisure; Dating, Marriage, and Sex; and Social. The responses were classified and rank ordered by value and sanction and the two groups were compared with each other. Implications for student personnel workers in education were suggested.
RELATIONSHIP OF AUTHORITARIAN, ETHNOCENTRIC, AND SEGREGATIONIST ATTITUDES WITH BASIC VALUES AMONG PUBLIC SCHOOL PERSONNEL
Authors: Kinnick Bernard C. , Plattor Stanton D.
Published: December 2011

Adorno's E and F scales plus a newly constructed Desegregation scale were used to assess attitudes of public school personnel. The Study of Values provided data relative to values. Sample consisted of 46 participants (public school teachers, counselors, and principals) in a federally sponsored Desegregation Institute. Attitudes and values were assessed at the outset of the Institute, at its conclusion, and three months later. The product‐moment coefficient of correlation was utilized to determine relationships. Segregationist attitudes were highly associated with authoritarian‐ethnocentric tendencies. Subjects high in theoretical and social values consistently had more tolerant attitudes toward desegregation and were less authoritarian and ethnocentric. Positive r's were found between strong religious and economic values and attitudes toward desegregation as well as E and F scale scores. No definite conclusion was drawn regarding r's between high aesthetic and political value scores and attitudes assessed by the D, E, and F scales.
THE BEGINNING TEACHER —WHAT IS HE LOOKING FOR?
Authors: Bledsoe Joseph C. , Crafton Arvin D.
Published: December 2011

Responses of 111 dissatisfied beginning teachers were compared with responses of a random sample of 111 very much satisfied beginning teachers stratified by teaching level to 108 items on the Georgia Beginning Teacher Questionnaire. The two groups were discriminated by 62 items with Choice of Vocation (3 of 5 items), Teacher Preparation Program (25 of 38 items), and Teaching as a Career (4 of 4) items revealing greatest discriminating power. Satisfied teachers not only revealed greater identification with teaching as a career, but did in fact remain in teaching in significantly greater proportions the following year. Dissatisfied teachers seemed to project problems to others, whereas satisfied teachers were more likely to internalize difficulties and to have more realistic expectations.