bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI INTERAKSI METFORMIN DAN GLIBENKLAMID DENGAN JAMU YANG MENGANDUNG Smallanthus sonchifolius DAN KOMBINASI Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F), Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb, Phyllanthus niruri L, Syzigii polyanthi Wight PADA PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH TI
Authors: Sundhani Elza , Diniatik  , Rahman Hakim Zainur , Nurzijah Ika , Prakoso Ardiasa , Fajrina Nur , Rifki Muhamad , Arifin Misgi Candra Dasa Zaenal
Published: December 2022

Penggunaan jamu sebagai Complementary and Alternative Medicine untuk mengatasi Diabetes Mellitus  banyak digunakan di Indonesia. Potensi munculnya interaksi obat-jamu  dengan metformin dan glibenklamid dapat mempengaruhi efektivitas menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji interaksi farmakodinamika (aktivitas farmakologi) dari metformin dan glibenklamid yang dikombinasikan dengan jamu A (Smallanthus sonchifolius) dan jamu B (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F), Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb, Phyllanthus niruri L, Syzigii polyanthi) dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah tikus yang diinduksi aloksan. Metode KLT-Densitometer digunakan untuk skrining fitokimia dengan membandingkan profil kromatogram (nilai Rf) dari jamu dan ekstrak etanol tanaman. Sebanyak 30 ekor tikus wistar jantan dibagi menjadi 10 kelompok perlakuan dengan aloksan 175 mg/Kg BB. Pengamatan kadar glukosa darah diukur pada hari ke-0,-7,-14, dan -21 setelah tikus dipuasakan 12 jam. Hasil profil kromatogram menunjukkan bahwa terdapat nilai Rf yang sama antara jamu A dan B dengan tanaman pembanding. Hasil uji kombinasi Metformin dengan Jamu A dan B menunjukkan adanya penurunan aktivitas yang diduga oleh adanya penghambatan absorbsi metforminm, namun tidak signifikan dibandingkan perlakuan tunggal (p>0,05). Sedangkan kombinasi glibenklamid dengan jamu A dan B menunjukkan adanya penurunan aktivitas yang siginifikan (p<0,05) dibandingkan perlakuan tunggal. Pengaruh senyawa aktif dalam jamu dalam mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim CYP3A4 dan CYP2C9 (enzim pemetabolisme glibenklamid) atau efek entagonis diprediksi terjadi pada kombinasi tersebut. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk memastikan mekanisme interaksi obat-jamu, namun penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan potensi interaksi penggunaan jamu A dan B dengan metformin dan glibenklamid.
Evaluasi Mutu Tablet Parasetamol Generik yang Beredar di Wilayah Purwokerto
Authors: Herline Fitri , Susilowati Sri Sutji , Kurniawan Dhadhang Wahyu
Published: December 2022

Parasetamol atau asetaminofen adalah obat yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan demam. Selain itu parasetamol juga dapat digunakan untuk sakit kepala dan sakit ringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persyaratan fisik dan laju disolusi tablet parasetamol generik yang beredar di wilayah Purwokerto. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan sampel tablet parasetamol generik yang beredar di wilayah Purwokerto. Evaluasi terhadap tablet parasetamol tersebut meliputi keseragaman ukuran, keseragaman bobot, kekerasan, kerapuhan, waktu hancur, penetapan kadar, dan uji disolusi. Uji disolusi dilakukan menggunakan tipe dayung pada kecepatan 50 rpm. Medium disolusi yang digunakan dapar fosfat pH 5,8 ± 0,5 sebanyak 900 mL. Sampel yang diperoleh pada menit ke 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, dan 60 diukur absorbansinya pada spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang maksimum parasetamol (243 nm). Pengungkapan data disolusi dilihat melalui nilai konsentrasi pada t=30 menit dimana tablet parasetamol pada t=30 menit tidak kurang dari 85%. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif, dibandingkan dengan persyaratan tablet menurut Farmakope Indonesia dan pustaka yang lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tablet Parasetamol generik memenuhi persyaratan sediaan tablet menurut farmakope indonesia meliputi keseragaman ukuran, keseragaman bobot, kekerasan, kerapuhan, waktu hancur, dan penetapan kadar. Uji disolusi untuk semua tablet Parasetamol generik memenuhi persyaratan 85%.
PENENTUAN TOTAL FENOLIK, FLAVONOID DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI DAUN KEDABU (Sonneratia ovata Backer)
Authors: Furi Mustika , Al Basit Nursinta , Ikhtiarudin Ihsan , Utami Rahayu
Published: December 2022

Tumbuhan kedabu (Sonneratia ovata Backer) merupakan famili Lytheraceae yang dikalangan masyarakat telah dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional. Penentuan total fenolik, total flavonoid dan uji aktivitas antioksidan telah dilakukan terhadap ekstrak dan fraksi daun kedabu yang ditentukan dengan metode kolorimetri dengan pengukuran secara fotometri. Penentuan total fenolik menggunakan baku asam galat dengan metode Folin Ciocalteu, diperoleh hasil pada fraksi etil asetat sebesar 232 mgGAE/g, fraksi n-butanol 130 mgGAE/g, fraksi n-heksan 80 mgGAE/g dan ekstrak etanol 76 mgGAE/g. Penentuan total flavonoid menggunakan baku kuersetin dengan metode pembentukan kompleks AlCl3, diperoleh hasil pada fraksi etil asetat sebesar 180 mgQE/g, fraksi n-butanol 172 mgQE/g, fraksi n-heksan 160 mgQE/g dan ekstrak etanol 76 mgQE/g. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan uji penangkapan radikal DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil), diperoleh hasil pada fraksi etil asetat dengan nilai IC50 12,47µg/mL, fraksi n-butanol IC50 15,10 µg/mL, fraksi n-heksana IC50 17,27 µg/mL dan ekstrak etanol IC50 20,86 μg/mL dengan kategori sangat kuat (< 50 µg/mL).
POTENSI EKSTRAK ETANOL RIMPANG KUNYIT HITAM (Curcuma caesia) DALAM MELINDUNGI FUNGSI DAN STRUKTUR GINJAL TIKUS YANG DIINDUKSI PARACETAMOL DOSIS TOKSIK
Authors: Djabir Yulia Yusrini , Temarwut Farid Fani , Kabo Peter
Published: December 2022

Penggunaan parasetamol secara berlebihan atau melebihi dosis dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan metabolit reaktif yang mengganggu integritas membran sel dan berlanjut menjadi kerusakan ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak rimpang kunyit hitam (Curcuma caesia) dalam mencegah terjadinya gangguan fungsi dan kerusakan struktur ginjal yang disebabkan oleh toksisitas paracetamol. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental laboratorium yang menggunakan 20 ekor tikus yang terbagi dalam kelompok kelompok kontrol negatif yang hanya diberikan plasebo, kelompok perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak dengan dosis 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg dan 300 mg/kg, serta kelompok kontrol positif yang diberi sediaan ekstrak curcuma. Berdasarkan pengukuran kadar ureum dan kreatinin, ekstrak kunyit hitam pada semua dosis mampu mencegah peningkatan biomarker ginjal, namun dosis 200 mg/kg yang secara signifikan mencegah kenaikan kadar kreatinin dan ureum, dimana hasil histopatologi menunjukkan kerusakan ginjal sangat minim dibandingkan dengan kelompok plasebo. Disimpulkan pemberian ekstrak etanol kunyit hitam terutama dosis 200 mg/kg-BB berpotensi mencegah kerusakan fungsi dan struktur jaringan ginjal yang diinduksi dengan parasetamol dosis toksik.
Assesment of Health-Related Quality of Life with Patient Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Fajriansyah Fajriansyah , Mujriah  , Zulfahmidah
Published: December 2022

Measuring the quality of life can be used as a reference for the success of an action or therapy as well as initial data in formulating the right action for the patient. This study aims to provide an overview of the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure who seek treatment at the Hasanuddin University teaching hospital. The research design used was an observational cross-sectional design with data collection carried out by filling out a questionnaire prospectively. The subjects of the study were chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were selected using a non-random sampling technique by means of total sampling. The patient's quality of life was measured using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SFtm) Indonesian version 1.3 questionnaire. A total of 30 patients were willing to participate in this study. The results of the study on 30 patients with chronic renal failure, there were 7 out of 19 scale/item having a not good, namely burden of kidney disease, work status, sleep, physical functioning, role-physical, pain, and general health. The average value of 19 scale/item shows an average score of> 59.37, which is 63.86 which belongs to the good quality of life category.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol 95% Daun Tekelan (Chromolaena odorata. L) Terhadap Bakteri Shigella disenteriae
Authors: Fitrianingsih Ade Irma , Kurniawan Rauhul Akbar , Putri Ulfa Ersa
Published: December 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara tropis sehingga prevalensi penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri sampai saat ini masih tetap tinggi, di sisi lain penggunaan antibakteri secara intens di Indonesia menyebabkan kecenderungan terjadinya resistensi bakteri terhadap obat antibakteri yang sudah ada. Salah satu spesies bakteri yang menyebabkan infeksi ialah Shigella dysenteriae. Tekelan (Chromolaena odorata. L) adalah salah satu tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antibakteri. Penellitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun tekelan (Chromolaena odorata. L) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae.

Ekstrak etanol daun tekelan dibuat dengan metode maserasi menggunakan larutan penyari etanol 95%. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumuran dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% yang ditanam pada media MHA.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hambatan pada bakteri ditunjukkan dengan hasil rata-rata pengukuran dari setiap konsentrasi yaitu: 25% (23,6 mm), 50% (25,5 mm), 75% (27,6 mm) dan 100% (29,3 mm). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa daun tekelan (Chromolaena odorata. L) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae.
Aktivitas antibakteri dan antivirus dari minyak kayu putih: Sistematik review
Authors: Kambira Pretty Falena Atmanda , Liliana Merry , Arfenda Laurentine Belinda , Marcella Sherleen
Published: December 2022

Tujuan: Eucalyptus sp. adalah anggota keluarga Myrtaceae, dan minyaknya telah digunakan secara komersial dalam industri makanan, kosmetik, dan sediaan farmasi. Ketenaran minyak kayu putih naik selama pandemi COVID-19 karena beberapa klaim memiliki aktivitas antivirus terhadap virus corona (1). Namun demikian, klaim ini tidak terbukti secara ilmiah dan dapat menimbulkan misinformasi kepada publik. Minyak kayu putih diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri gram positif dan gram negatif (2). Namun, sejauh mana efektivitasnya hampir tidak diketahui. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai aktivitas antibakteri dan antivirus minyak kayu putih menggunakan tinjauan sistematis Cochrane. Metode: Studi yang termasuk dalam tinjauan sistematis diambil dari database PubMed dan Science Direct. Kata kunci pencarian adalah ("Eucalyptus oil" OR "Eucalyptol") AND ("Antibacterial" OR "Antiviral" OR "MIC"). Hasil: Ada 114 artikel yang diidentifikasi dari strategi pencarian, dan tambahan empat artikel ditemukan dari sitasi. Setelah duplikasi, 83 artikel tersisa. Namun, 61 artikel dikeluarkan karena tidak melaporkan aktivitas antimikroba dari minyak kayu putih. Dua puluh dua artikel diskrinig pembacaan teks lengkap, dan enam belas dikeluarkan karena tidak memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Akhirnya, enam belas artikel dimasukkan dalam sistematik review ini. Kesimpulan: Minyak kayu putih memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan antivirus yang bergantung pada komposisi kimia dan strain mikroba. Oleh karena itu, menjadikannya kandidat unggulan sebagai senyawa antimikroba dan desinfektan. Namun, studi klinis masa depan tentang mekanisme kerjanya diperlukan.
Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Pemberian Informasi Obat Swamedikasi Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kecamatan Tuah Madani Kota Pekanbaru, Indonesia
Authors: Muharni Septi , Marlina Eci , Utami Rahayu , Aryani Fina , Furi Mustika
Published: December 2022

Swamedikasi adalah upaya yang banyak dilakukan oleh masyarakat dalam menggunakan obat yang dibeli tanpa resep dokter untuk mengatasi keluhan. Sebuah studi menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pencarian pengobatan sendiri di seluruh dunia sejak pandemi COVID-19 diumumkan dan ini akan menjadi indikasi meningkatnya minat dalam pengobatan mandiri di seluruh dunia. Pemberian informasi obat memiliki peranan penting dalam rangka memperbaiki kualitas hidup pasien dan menyediakan pelayanan bermutu bagi pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap pemberian informasi obat swamedikasi masa pandemi COVID-19 di Kecamatan Tuah Madani kota Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional yang bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif terhadap 100 orang sampel masyarakat yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling. Penilaian terhadap persepsi masyarakat mencakup 5 (lima) dimensi pelayanan yaitu reliability, responsiveness, emphaty, assurance dan tangible. Hasil penelitian didapatkan persepsi masyarakat yakni pada kehandalan (reliability) 75,20%, ketanggapan (responsiveness) 74,0%, perhatian (empaty) 83,33%, jaminan (assurance) 80,12%, dan fasilitas berwujud (tangible) 82,9% dengan hasil rata-rata keseluruhan aspek yang didapat sebanyak 79,11% dengan kategori baik. Hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa masyarakat Kecamatan Tuah Madani kota Pekanbaru memiliki persepsi baik terhadap pelayanan yang didapatkan selama masa pandemi COVID-19.
Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Ananas comosus (L) Merr. terhadap Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan Malassezia furfur
Authors: Octaviani Melzi , Fikrani Delvian , Susanti Emma
Published: December 2022

Kulit buah nanas merupakan bagian dari buah nanas (Ananas comosus (L) Merr.) yang biasanya tidak dimanfaatkan. Hasil skrining fitokimia dari ekstrak etanol kulit nanas menunjukkan adanya kandungan flavonoid, alkaloid, fenolik, steroid dan saponin yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antijamur ekstrak etanol kulit nanas terhadap jamur Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan Malassezia furfur. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak etanol kulit nanas yaitu 25%; 12,5%; 6,25%; 3,125% dan 1,5625% b/v dan kontrol positif yang digunakan adalah nistatin dan kontrol negatif DMSO. Diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk pada uji aktivitas antijamur ekstrak etanol kulit nanas terhadap jamur Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan Malassezia furfur pada konsentrasi 25% adalah 22,73 mm dan 24,90 mm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit nanas memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap jamur Trichophyton mentagrophytes dan Malassezia furfur.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI DARI AKAR DAN BATANG TUMBUHAN SEKUNYIT (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour)
Authors: Utami Rahayu , Winarsih Dwi , Fernando Armon , Fadhli Haiyul , Furi Mustika , Susanti Emma
Published: December 2022

Sekunyit (Fibraurea tinctoria Lour) merupakan tumbuhan yang berbentuk liana yang akar dan batangnya digunakan secara tradisional sebagai obat, salah satunya digunakan sebagai obat diare. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dan fraksinya terhadap bakteri penyebab diare meliputi Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus dan Vibrio cholerae. Sampel akar dan batang dimaserasi dengan etanol dan selanjutnya diultrasonikasi selama 30 menit. Fraksinasi dilakukan menggunakan metode asam basa dengan pelarut n-heksana, kloroform dan butanol. Ekstrak dan fraksi kemudian diuji aktivitas antibakterinya menggunakan metode difusi agar pada konsentrasi 30; 15; 7,5; 3,75 dan 1,88%. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksana, fraksi kloroform A dan fraksi kloroform B dari akar dan batang sekunyit memberikan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap semua bakteri uji dengan kategori lemah sampai sedang, sedangkan fraksi butanol tidak memberikan hambatan, baik terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus maupun Vibrio cholerae.
Faktor resiko kejadian peningkatan kadar transminase pada penggunaan obat antituberkulosis pasien tuberkulosis paru di RST Wijayakusuma Purwokerto
Authors: Dasuki Alya Andina , Muti Annisa Farida , Yusmaini Hany
Published: December 2022

Kasus penyakit tuberkulosis terbanyak yang dilaporkan di Indonesia terdapat di provinsi dengan kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi termasuk Jawa Tengah. Kombinasi obat antituberkulosis lini pertama yaitu pirazinamid, isoniazid, dan rifampisin berpotensi menyebabkan hepatotoksitas yang ditandai oleh peningkatan kadar transaminase. Insiden peningkatan kadar transaminase ini menyebabkan resistensi obat dan kegagalan terapi. Penting untuk mendeteksi dini peningkatan kadar transaminase oleh obat antituberkulosis dengan cara mempelajari faktor risiko predisposisinya. Tujuan penelitian adalah meneliti hubungan antara faktor resiko kejadian peningkatan kadar transaminase akibat penggunaan obat antituberkulosis pada pasien tuberkulosis paru yang ada di RST Wijayakusuma Purwokerto. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Sebanyak 80 sampel dipilih secara random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melihat dan mencatat di rekam medis pasien. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-squared dan uji Regresi Logistik. Hasil analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-Square didapatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia lanjut (p=0,000), jenis kelamin perempuan (p= 0,035), gizi kurang (0,000), lama pengobatan (p=0,026) dan riwayat konsumsi obat lain (p=0,008). Faktor yang paling berhubungan peningkatan kadar transaminase akibat konsumsi OAT pada pasien TB paru di RST Wijayakusuma Purwokerto adalah usia (OR=8,815) diikuti oleh status gizi (OR=6,478).
Studi molecular docking senyawa diterpen abieten terhadapenzim protease utama (mpro) virus corona
Authors: Teruna Hilwan Yuda , Rullah Kamal , Khatami Fajri
Published: December 2022

Coronavirus disease atau Covid-19 merupakan suatu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus corona jenis baru yaitu SARS-CoV-2. Penyakit ini pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan, China dan saat ini telah menjadi pandemi yang sudah menyebar hampir ke seluruh negara di dunia. Salah satu enzim yang berperan penting dalam memediasi replikasi dan transkripsi pada virus SARS-CoV-2 adalah enzim protease utama (Mpro). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan senyawa yang berpotensial menginhibisi enzim protease utama (Mpro) virus corona (PDB ID: 6LU7 dan 2GTB) melalui studi molecular docking pada senyawa turunan diterpen abieten. Studi molecular docking dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Autodock4 dan divisualisasi menggunakan PyMOL dan Discovery studio. Validasi metode atau redocking menunjukkan akurasi yang baik dengan nilai Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) sebesar 1,85 Å pada enzim 6LU7 dan 1,92 Å pada enzim 2GTB. Studi molecular docking enzim 6LU7 pada 3 senyawa turunan diterpen abieten (6-asetil7-hidroksiroileanon, 7-hidroksiroileanon dan diterpenoid glukosida (CH-6)) menunjukkan nilai energi ikatan masing-masing sebesar -9,07; -8,22 dan 7,94 kcal/mol, pada enzim 2GTB menunjukkan nilai -9,54;          -9,14; -8,26 kcal/mol. Hasil ini menunjukkan senyawa 6-asetil7-hidroksiroileanon dan 7-hidroksiroileanon memiliki afinitas lebih kuat terhadap enzim protease utama (Mpro) dan enzim peptidase utama dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif yang mempunyai energi ikatan sebesar -7.38 dan -7,97 kcal/mol. Selain itu, senyawa yang memiliki afinitas paling kuat yaitu 6-asetil7-hidroksiroileanon memiliki 6 ikatan hidrogen yang sama dengan ligan asli dalam situs aktif enzim protease utama (Mpro). Sehingga, diprediksi senyawa 6-asetil7-hidroksiroileanon mampu dijadikan sebagai inhibitor pada enzim protease utama (Mpro) Covid-19 maupun pada enzim peptidase utama SARS-CoV dari strain sebelumnya.
THE IMPACT OF ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORAL MUCOSAL DISEASES IN CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME
Authors: Zhukova Kira , Gavrilova Olga , Zhukov Sergey , Morozov Artem , Konovalov Oleg
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND: Dental treatment plays a big role in improving the health and quality of life of children with Down syndrome. These children need rationally organized additional dental treatment by different specialists and systematic medical observation. The high incidence and prevalence of periodontal disease in children with Down syndrome are caused by anatomical features of cranial development. OBJECTIVE: pattern identification between anatomical characteristics and development of oral mucosal diseases in children with Down syndrome. METHODS: The study included 24 patients with Down syndrome. They were registered at the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the Tver Dental Polyclinic (Russia). The age of the patients was from 2 to 13 years old. RESULTS: 59.5% of patients had a missing nasal bone. 58% of children had an arched palate. 65% of children had oral breathing type due to macroglossia and weak temporomandibular joint muscles. It can be the reason for the development of inflammatory oral mucosal diseases. The children with Down syndrome often have stomatitis and gingivitis, which develops into chronic periodontal diseases. 62% of children had the creased tongue at the age of 4 years. Down syndrome has a high prevalence of maxillofacial anomalies of up to 76%. It contributes to the formation of plaque on the teeth and caries. It often leads to damage to the rudiments of permanent teeth. The prevalence of periodontal disease in children with Down syndrome is associated with severe hypotonia of the masticatory muscles up to 87%. CONCLUSION: Pediatric dentists focus on the features of the dental status of children with Down syndrome, taking into account the relationship of pathological processes in the maxillofacial area and somatic pathology. Specialists in pediatric dentistry must understand the importance of early prevention, which can reduce the risk of developing cavities and periodontal disease in children.
THE EFFECT OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE DYSPLASIA ON THE FORMATION OF COMORBID PATHOLOGY IN YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors: Murga Vladimir , Ivanova Irina , Panteleev Valentin , Belyaev Vadim
Published: December 2022

Deviations in the development of organs and connective tissue dysplasia (CTD) still remain an urgent interdisciplinary problem. The aim of this study was to study clinical and morphological changes of the maxillofacial system, skeletal deformities and blood parameters in 164 young people. Twice as much as in the control group, orthopedic pathology (68.4% and 32.9%) and manifestations of anemia were found in every fifth (21.5%) of the examined patient. The revealed multi-organ changes identified the need to select individual rehabilitation programs in patients with CTD.
THE EFFECT OF SPECIALIZED HYGIENE PRODUCTS ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE SURFACE OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS USED AS THE BASES FOR REMOVABLE DENTURES
Authors: Bizyaev Alexey , Konnov Valery , Pospelov Andrey , Krechetov Sergey , Maslennikov Dmitry , Domenyuk Dmitry , Kochkonyan Taisiya , Domenyuk Stanislav
Published: December 2022

Despite the progress observed in implantology and the rapid evolution of preventive and treatment options employed to treat major dental issues, the number of patients who need prosthetics with removable dentures still remains high, with no decrease trend to be expected soon. Modern dentistry, when dealing with issues related to dentition restoration, makes full use of basic thermoplastic polymers incorporating injection molding technology, whereas the said polymers can boast of such properties as biological inertia, proper aesthetics, strength, flexibility, resistance to external effects, lightness and elasticity. The conventional techniques used for cleaning and disinfecting removable dentures made of thermoplastic polymers fail to be up to the respective advanced requirements – such dentures create environments that are favorable for adhesion and microbial colonization. Aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of the modern means used for cleaning and disinfecting removable denture structures based on thermoplastic polymers, there was a study carried out to investigate the surface of 60 experimental samples of Acry-free ® thermoplastic, including methods of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. To analyze the effect that cleaning and disinfecting agents work on the hygienic status of partially removable dentures made of thermoplastics (manufactured for 74 patients suffering from partial adentia), the Ambjornsen E. questionnaire was employed. The developed original set of preventive measures involved thorough oral hygiene activities with a manual toothbrush and mouthwash balms, as well as a consistent use of a special toothbrush and gel paste to take care of the removable dentures, followed with ultrasonic treatment and cleansing with effervescent tablets. The data of scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that using the original set of preventive measures resulted in improved quality of the thermoplastic polymers surface – by 1.1 – 1.5 times, if compared with conventional hygiene and disinfection products. As the data of sociological monitoring reveal, 12 into using the developed preventive measures, over 69% of patients were satisfied with the aesthetic properties of their dentures based on thermoplastics; as for the patients sticking to the practice relying on traditional hygiene and disinfection products, the similar indicator would not exceed 25%. In order to prevent the occurrence of major dental issues, as well as to increase the useful life of dentures made of thermoplastics and used by patients with partial adentia, it is wise to employ an individual approach to the selection of preventive measures that involve specialized extra hygiene products.
THE INFLUENCE OF COLD PLASMA ON DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF BIOLOGICAL TISSUE
Authors: Martusevich Andrew , Nazarov Vladimir , Surovegina Alexandra , Gusakova Svetlana , Golygina Elena , Minenko Inessa , Artamonov Mikhail
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to verify the modifying effect of cold plasma on the dielectric permittivity of human skin samples. We fixed the shifts of dielectric properties of human skin specimens, which were specific for processing by non-ionized inert gases (argon and helium) and cold plasma. The dielectric permittivity of tissues was estimated using near-field resonant microwave sensing. It is established that the treatment of fragments of biological tissue (human skin) with the considered flows of non-ionized and ionized inert gases (helium and argon) has a significant effect on the dielectric characteristics of this biological object. At the same time, the identified effects are specific for each of these effects. Argon and argon cold plasma reduce the dielectric permittivity of the skin sample, and to a greater extent – non-ionized gas (on 24.3%). On the contrary, helium causes an increase in the studied parameter, but only in the form of cold plasma. This indicates the unequal influence of the considered physical factors on the morphological structure of the biological sample.
CRYSTALLOSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF METABOLIC EFFECTS OF SINGLET OXYGEN: IN VITRO STUDY
Authors: Martusevich Andrew , Fedotova Aleksandra , Stepanova Elena , Kornev Roman , Minenko Inessa , Nazarov Vladimir , Artamonov Mikhail
Published: December 2022

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of reactive oxygen species on the nature of dehydration structuring of blood plasma. The study was performed on 10 whole blood samples of practically healthy volunteers, divided into 3 equal portions. The first one (control) was not manipulated, the second was treated with an ozone-oxygen mixture (ozone concentration – 500 mcg/l), and the third - with a flow from a singlet oxygen generator “Airnergy” (power – 100%). The crystallogenic activity of blood serum was studied by classical crystalloscopy using a system of semi-quantitative indicators. It was stated that the considered reactive oxygen species (ozone and singlet oxygen intermediates) increase the crystallogenic properties of blood plasma, and this effect is more pronounced with respect to the flow from the singlet oxygen generator.
Understanding community’s behavioral responses towards Covid-19: Who comply, who don’t and reasons of incompliance
Authors: Widyastari Dyah Anantalia
Published: December 2022

Perspectives:
*) Behavioral responses towards Covid-19 measures: who comply, who donot and reasons of incompliance
*) Has the government convey the right messages to the public?
Predisposing Factors Related to Four ANC Visits (K4) on TM III Pregnant Women at Danurejan I Primary Health Center of Yogyakarta
Authors: Yulyani Linda , Daryanti Menik Sri
Published: December 2022

Pregnancy may cause problems or become a complication at any time. However, complications of pregnancy and childbirth can be prevented by regular antenatal care (ANC) visits. Four ANC visits (K4) are indicators used to assess the quality of health services for pregnant women. Four ANC visits (K4) are also the indicators to see the frequency that refers to the trimester period when conducting a pregnancy check. Nationally, performance indicators for the coverage of four ANC visits (K4) on pregnant women in 2014 did not reach the target. There are various factors that may contribute to an unsuccessful four ANC visit (K4) of pregnant women that come from predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors. The objective of the study is to investigate the correlation between maternal age and four ANC visits (K4) on TM III (trimester III) pregnant women at Danurejan I Primary Health Center of Yogyakarta. It is an analytic observational study design with cross-sectional approach. The sample was taken by accidental sampling technique with the inclusion and exclusion criteria as many as 30 TM III pregnant women. The result of this study shows that from four factors that analyzed, only two factors have a significant relationship with four ANC Visits (K4), which are maternal age (pv=0.000) and parity (pv=0.000). Meanwhile, education level (pv=0.155) and occupation (pv=0.210) have no correlation with four ANC Visits K4). Therefore, it can be concluded from this study that the maternal age and parity are the predisposing factors related to the four ANC Visits (K4). As a result, it is clear that promotion and prevention efforts such as health education about mature age at marriage and improving family planning programs are essential to increase four ANC Visits (K4). Future studies are expected to be conducted on larger sample sizes and different epidemiological approaches.
Keywords: Pregnancy; Predisposing; Four ANC Visits
Received: 5 June 2020 Reviewed: 18 July 2020 Revised: 24 July 2020 Accepted: 28 August 2020DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-41538
Combination of Polyethylene Terephthalate Nesting and Prone Position at the Standard Box Care to the Vital Signs and Length of Stay on the Low Birth Weight Babies
Authors: Deviana Meli , Pramono Noor , Suwondo Ari
Published: December 2022

Background: The use of nesting and prone position conditioned Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies as the mother's womb that helped in the development of physiological functions and achieve physiological function stability. This study aims to test the effectiveness of designed nesting with polyethylene terephthalate materials and the position of prone with standard care using a box of baby warmers for the length of stay which is observed from the achievement of the stability of vital signs on LBW.
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental design study with non-equivalent control group design. The study population was all LBW treated in the Perinatal room with a sample of 36 LBW selected consecutively from newborns at RSUD RAA Soewondo Paô€¦ž and RSUD Dr. R. Soetrasno Rembang.
Results: The combination of nesting polyethylene group with position prone achieved faster vital signs stability and shorter duration of treatment compared to the control group with p = 0.001 for temperature, respiration and oxygen saturation.
Conclusion: The combination of polyethylene terephthalate nesting and prone position is effective to reduce the duration of treatment and achieving the stability of vital signs of low birth weight infants. This intervention can be used as LBW care during hospital and home care.
Keywords: nesting, position prone, polyethylene tread, length of stay, baby vital signs
Received: 25 August 2018 Reviewed: 10 September 2018 Revised: 28 June 2020 Accepted: 28 June 2020
DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-41579
Modification and Nutritional Outcome of Food High-Protein at Sinta Rangkang Nursing Home
Authors: Dewi Fretika Utami , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: December 2022

-
How to write up and publish your scientific research
Authors: Macnab Andrew John
Published: December 2022

There are many reasons to write a paper. Your reason ‘why' will be personal and uniquely yours. You may well have had an innovative idea or collected novel research data, discovered new information of importance, or found a better way to do something; it maybe you are in a profession where it is an expectation that you ‘publish' as part of your career path. Whatever the reason, knowledge transfer through peer reviewed publication is an integral part of academic activity and the advancement of science, so many of us find ourselves faced with the task of writing a paper and submitting it for publication. 
This editorial provides the general formula that most scientific papers follow, and the sections that make up an article. The anatomy of a successful scientific paper includes Title, Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials/Methods, Results, Discussion and Conclusion. Each journal also has its own requirements for formatting and content that define its style, so it is essential to read the journal's ‘Guidelines for Authors' to get detailed instructions on all aspects of how to set out your paper; these are available online; for example for the Global Health Management Journal, go to: https://publications.inschool.id/index.php/ghmj.
Writing a paper is never easy, but it can be straightforward if you follow the established guidelines; remember Asher's six words for framing your manuscript, and, include the elements required in each section of the paper.
Writing a paper is best not done alone. Gather ideas, thoughts and encouragement from your co-authors and supervisor/colleagues; have someone not connected with the work you have done read what you have written to make sure it is easy to understand (and interesting). We all learn from reading papers other authors have written in good journals, and from the feedback we receive through reviewer's comments/suggestions on what we have written.
When your paper is published, remember to pause and celebrate your success, as being published is an achievement, and only happens after a lot of hard work. Then, once you are an author, keep writing! Also, act as a mentor to the friend or colleague who asks you, "How do I write up and publish my scientific research?”
Emotional awareness for fun digital communication
Authors: Yeyentimalla Yeyentimalla
Published: December 2022

Improving digital communication skills is a necessity in the era of information technology, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, and after the pandemic has passed, this need remains. We have to adjust or we fall behind. In digital communication we must strengthen the skills of stringing words, that's the only effective way to share ideas and feelings. Humans are emotional creatures. We always feel first than we think about our feelings. The alignment of impulses in the brain reaches the limbic system first, we feel. Then the impulses are processed in the cerebri cortex, we become able to think about our feelings. It's important to be able to do emotional animation consciously. Emotional animation is an attempt to bring to life positively valued emotions such as pleasure, relief, compassion, empathy, gratitude, etc., and controlling negatively valued emotions such as anger, sadness, hate, disgust, etc. 
We need to improve communication skills to level four, which are safe and comfortable sharing feelings. The comfort of speaking to share feelings is the result of being created, not happening unconsciously. It's important to be aware when speaking. The most visible technique that can be trained is confirmation. Confirmation is effective for careful linking with partners.
This editorial provides examples communication through chatting application Whatsapp. What about the availability of emoticons and stickers in the WhatsApp platform? Can't it be used to replace intonation and body language? It can indeed be used in the right situations so as to strengthen the words. However, overuse of emoticons and stickers makes messages less personal. We also become less than optimal in the way we are present and respond to the presence of others.
Finally, the way we communicate is rooted in character, but character formation takes a long time. Being aware to do emotional animation in every conversation is a simple short-term solution in fixing communication problems. In digital communication, making optimal the ability to string words is the right choice.
Learning in the New Normal: Positive convergence of technology, quality, and sustainability
Authors: Ang Merceditas O
Published: December 2022

All of us are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic that caused disruptions in education, healthcare, economy, and travels. Likewise, it is impacting the way we live, study, work, think, and interact. This perspectives provide how the education sector is affacted by the outbreak, and how the online learning has catapulted into the forefront due to the restriction of face-to-face classes. 
Communication is very important and vital during this pandemic. We need to communicate clearly, positively, and effectively. In the digital platform of teaching and learning, the teacher needs to be creative and innovative in communicating, to get the interest and attention of the students, thus, make the learning process more engaging and interactive.
In this paper, the author writes the challenges for conducting online learning in the new normal that involving the three vital elements: Technology, Quality, and Sustainability.
Lessons on effective communication from Taiwan Government to combat COVID-19
Authors: Tallutondok Eva Berthy , Hsieh Chia-Jung
Published: December 2022

This perspectives explain the extraordinary gap in cases and deaths between Indonesia and Taiwan. The paper will answer the question: Why does Taiwan have just 7 deaths while Indonesia reported 14,348 deaths in the first week of November 2020? What strategy did Taiwan's government employ to combat COVID-19? What lesson can be learned from Taiwan to combat Covid-19? The aim of this article is to identify lessons on effective communications strategy used by Taiwan's government that can affect government, health professionals, and population together to combat COVID-19.
The roles of educators in Diabetes Mellitus prevention and management for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at Pahandut Public Health Care, Palangka Raya City
Authors: Manuntung Alfeus , Astuti Agnes Dewi
Published: December 2022

Diabetes Mellitus management requires 4 pillars, namely medical nutrition therapy, medicine, exercise and health education. One of the steps that nurses can take is to provide proper health education to patients in order to increase patient independence so that diabetes management is optimal. 
In Palangka Raya City, people with diabetes who come and seek treatment at the puskesmas increased quite sharply in the last 6 years, this is shown by increase in people with diabetes in the period 2006-2020. In 2020 happens a significant increase in the number of 7,615 cases of people with diabetes mellitus, this shows that health promotion has not been able to reduce the number of people with diabetes mellitus in the city of Palangka Raya. This happens because sufferers often ignore or are not aware of the dangers of DM for their lives. 
This photo essay captures our efforts in controlling and monitoring the healths of the DM patients including the examination of blood sugar, blood pressure and body weight. We highlight the important role of health educators in providing health services for the entire community in order to improve the health status of the community.
A progressive muscle relaxation therapy to reduce stress levels in diabetic patients
Authors: Syam'ani Syam'ani
Published: December 2022

Type 2 diabetes is one of the major public health problems in both developing and developed countries in the Asia Pacific region. It cannot be denied that the psychological impact of diabetes mellitus has been felt by sufferers since the doctor's diagnosis. Patients begin to experience psychological disorders including stress on themselves related to treatment and medication that must be undertaken. 
This photo essay pictures our effort in providing a progressive muscle relaxation to the diabetic patients as a therapy to reduce tension and anxiety. This technique focuses on the contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the body. the instructor demonstrate the steps of progressive muscle relaxation therapy to the participants. 
The results of this study indicate that after being given progressive muscle relaxation therapy, there was a decrease in the number of diabetics who experienced stress, where before the intervention, there were 25 people with moderate stress (92.6%) and 2 people with severe stress (7,4%), while after the intervention decreased to 9 people (33.3%) had no stress, and 18 people (66.7%) had moderate stress.
A New Drug-Free Life: The essence of professional's presence in drug survivor's family
Authors: Yeyentimalla Yeyentimalla , Suryawati Sri
Published: December 2022

The story begins at the Galilee Foundation Drug Rehabilitation Center in Palangka Raya City in July 2018. We are a team that provides professional assistance to drug survivors at the Panti (in Indonesia, rehabilitation homes for drugs users are termed Panti). One of the four-drug survivors enrolled in our study was Jeremy, 19 years old. We were helping Jeremy to reconnect with his family. This activity was a part of the social reintegration activity of the drug rehabilitation program.
Health education to the families of drug users: Establishing safe family conversations
Authors: Yeyentimalla Yeyentimalla , Sera Agnescia Clarissa
Published: December 2022

This photo essay records a 5-hour health education session for the families of drug users in order to help them in establishing safe family conversations among the family members. After the discussion was over, the rundown included hospitality and dinner together. While enjoying the foods, the Panti residents joined the sharing session, and expressed their feelings missing their family and home. The residents want to connect hearts with their families. In the future, it is necessary to build a sustainable relationship for the success of the drug eradication program in our beloved country, Indonesia. Since the activity was held during the COVID-19 pandemic, the team also showed concern by providing masks to each participant.
Family care and reproductions health for teens: Applying 8 family functions during the transition growth
Authors: Theresia Yoan Agnes , Sylvia Ester Inung , Datak Gad
Published: December 2022

"As the spearhead of national development, sometimes teenagers are required to be perfect.  What people don't even know is that sometimes we teenagers also have stories to tell. Share a laugh and be cheerful, that's what we are.  In the end, life is not about being perfect but how we want to learn and grow together.  It's okay, you are not alone, we are always there for you".  Those are words I thought of when I saw teenagers. They grow rapidly, and I thought family plays important roles during the transition time from childhood to adulthood. This photo essay highlights eight (8) family functions in preventing teenagers facing problems during their transition growth, including early marriage, premarital sex, and drug abuse. Instead, by applying the cares and educations to the adolescents, the family can support and prepare their children to be more productive for better future.
"Love your family, love your teenager, and love the future of your nation” .
Health service communication in monitoring toddler growth and development in the New Normal at Posyandu Hidup Baru Desa Kaong, Kecamatan Upau, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Migang Yena Wineini , Migang Evan Kristianus
Published: December 2022

At the Toddler Posyandu or Posyandu Balita, the health workers and mothers and toddlers are possible to meet, and they may communicate together to monitor toddlers growth and development. This photo essay records our health service communication in monitoring toddler growth and development in the New Normal at Posyandu Hidup Baru Desa Kaong, Kecamatan Upau, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. The activities include counseling, height and weight checking for toddles, and immunization. The visits cannot be done virtually, since we must directly provide examination of nutritional status, immunization, counseling and others monitoring to the mothers and toddlers following the standard protocols, and not all mothers of toddlers have the measuring devices. Since the checking and monitoring have been done during the Covid 19 pandemic, posyandu must apply health protocols when communicating and providing health service to the mothers and toddlers. Thus, all participants presented at the posyandu will not get infected with covid 19, and the toddler growth and development can be monitored regularly.
Hand-washing promotion during Covid-19 outbreak in Riverbank of Kahayan River, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Missesa Missesa , Viranti Trissa , Kaswana Shasa Dini Martha Ewa , Athena Carolin Firsta , Nibel Hendrowanto
Published: December 2022

In mid-2020, COVID-19 cases in Central Kalimantan showed relatively high, approximately 10.5% of children suffered from COVID -19. Many institutions have been implementing health education on the positive healthy behaviour standard for COVID-19 prevention, including regular hand washing, mask-wearing, and social distancing. The purpose of this article is to give clear and actionable guidance for children living in river-basin residences. 
Central Kalimantan geographically has a number of rivers known as a watershed area (DAS). This photo essay records health promotion given during Covid-19 outbreak in Riverbank of Kahayan River, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In this study area, children use small boat made by wood to mobile or visit their friends to play. Before the Covid-19 Outbreak, using face mask in not compulsory and parents will just freely give permission to their children to play outside. It is shown that it is challenging to encourage children to protect themselves from the COVID-19 infection in the area of DAS. Moreover, the existence of this abundant water source is a potential natural asset for positive hygiene behaviour. Thus, it is worth noting that hand washing with soap and water is recommended.
A cultural approach can also be an alternative for health campaigns. This paper shows how we use one of traditional musical instruments of Central Kalimantan, called Japen, and the lute is used as an instrument for making audio-visuals. This instrument is made from a sack. It includes education and has a key message of moral wisdom with the social value of the Dayak people in Borneo. Maintaining children's health during the Covid 19 pandemic with creative educational campaigns, using various modes such as posters, multimedia, and storytelling is beneficial for positive health behaviours.