bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution and clinical relevance of common iliac artery seal zone after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Taneva Gergana T , García Alejandro González , Arribas Díaz Ana Begoña , Yebra Yasmina Baquero , Donas Konstantinos P , Martínez César Aparicio
Published: February 2019

Objective

Data in literature suggest iliac artery dilatation and endograft retraction as complications after endovascular aneurysm repair. However, mainly older generation endografts were included. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the distal sealing zone chronological changes after endovascular aneurysm repair with newer generation stent-grafts.

Methods

Clinical and radiological data of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms treated with endovascular aneurysm repair between January 2010 and December 2013 were reviewed. Measurements were made using volumetric reconstructions in the first and last available computed tomography angiography. Endpoints of the study were the presence of iliac dilatation and retraction of the endograft. Association with distal oversizing and sealing length was analyzed.

Results

Consecutive patients with a total of 52 common iliac arteries were included in the study (mean age 74.9 ± 6.8 years, four women (7.7%)). The mean follow-up was 3.1 years. The mean iliac diameter increased from 15.5 to 17.1 mm ( p < .001) in the first control computed tomography angiography and to 18.7 mm ( p < .001) in the last available computed tomography angiography. No endograft (Endurant by Medtronic (24/52; 46%), Excluder de Gore (23/52; 44%), Zenith by Cook (5/52; 9%)) was associated with dilatation ( p = .066) or iliac retraction ( p = .591). Two type Ib endoleaks were found (3.8%) and successfully treated with distal graft extension. An iliac branch retraction of ≥5 mm was identified in seven cases (13%). Iliac arteries treated with limbs of ≥24 mm in diameter dilated significantly more than the rest of limbs (5.37 mm versus 3.12 mm; p = .022). In the last available imaging, iliac dilatation was ≥20% in 28 cases (53.8%) and had exceeded the diameter of the implanted endograft in 20 cases (38.4%). Iliac dilatation (OR 15.11 per mm, p = .025) was identified as a risk factor for retraction ≥5 mm.

Conclusion

Iliac dilatation and endograft limb retraction are common findings after endovascular aneurysm repair despite the use of new generation endografts. Optimizing the iliac sealing length and meticulous computed tomography angiography surveillance are recommended especially in case of use ≥24 mm iliac stent-grafts to prevent possible complications.
Regulating the internet intermediaries in a post-truth world: Beyond media policy?
Authors: Iosifidis Petros , Andrews Leighton
Published: February 2019

The regulation of internet intermediaries such as Facebook and Google has drawn increasing academic, journalistic and political attention since the ‘fake news’ controversies following UK’s Brexit vote and Donald Trump’s election victory in 2016. This article examines the pressure for a new regulatory framework for the information intermediaries both within and outside the media industry, notably in Europe, noting that the range of issues thrown up by the operations of the information intermediaries now engage a wider focus than media policy per se, including data and privacy policy, national security, hate speech and other issues. The concept of ‘fake news’ emerges as only one of the drivers of policy change: the dominance of information intermediaries such as Facebook and Google in respect of the digital advertising market and data monopolisation may be even more significant. The article asks whether a new concept of ‘information utilities’ may be appropriate to capture their increasingly dominant role.
Principle or dialogue: Preschool directors speak about how they handle parents’ suspicions towards men
Authors: Hedlin Maria , Åberg Magnus
Published: February 2019

Caring for children and teaching the youngest students have a strong historical connection to women and femininity. The few men working within early childhood education and care occupy an ambivalent position. On the one hand, they often receive a positive reception in preschools; on the other, they are also met with mistrust and suspicion. The suspicion often comes from parents, and their views have come to bear increasing importance. Preschool directors who have men on their staff thus have a dilemma to manage: they must listen to parents’ views at the same time as they have a personnel responsibility towards all their employees. The purpose of the present study is to describe and analyse how preschool directors reason about the parental suspicion and concern that male educators can encounter because they are men. The empirical material consists of interviews with 10 preschool directors (five women and five men). The study shows that preschool directors experience that parents want male personnel to refrain from performing certain tasks in the preschool. Some of the directors take a principle-based approach and emphasise that men and women should carry out the same work duties. Other directors maintain a dialogue-based approach, focusing on conducting a dialogue with concerned parents.
Echocardiographic diagnosis of congenital coronary artery abnormalities in a continuous series of adolescent football players
Authors: Gerling Stephan , Loose Oliver , Zant Robert , Michel Holger , Melter Michael , Gündisch Christian , Krutsch Volker , Krutsch Werner
Published: February 2019

Background

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in children and adolescents is rare. Several studies have reported a higher risk of SCD during athletic competition. High risk congenital coronary artery abnormalities are the second leading cause of SCD in young athletes in the USA. Echocardiographic assessment of coronary arteries has not been routinely used in screening programmes for junior athletes so far.

Design

Prospective cohort study in 1045 consecutive adolescent elite football players.

Methods

All athletes underwent a standardized cardiovascular screening protocol with a medical history, a physical examination, 12-lead resting electrocardiogram and a complete transthoracic 2D-echocardiography.

Results

Two athletes (0.19%) showed a high-risk coronary artery abnormality (CAA) with a right coronary artery originating abnormal from the aorta and coursing inter-arterial. Low-risk CAAs were found in 16 athletes (1.53%). There was an ectasia of the left coronary artery (+3.9z and +4.3z) and a fistula from the left coronary artery in two cases (0.19%), respectively. In 1.05% ( n = 11) we found a high take-off (2.3–6.8 mm) and in one case (0.096%) there was a tangential take-off of the right main coronary artery. Variants of coronary arterial anatomy were identified in 335 of 1045 athletes (32.06%).

Conclusion

Basic pre-participation screening tests including 12-lead or exercise electrocardiogram do not safely identify high-risk CAAs. In adolescent athletes an expert cardiologist is able to describe the origin and the proximal course of the coronary arteries and identify major abnormalities in most of the cases by transthoracic 2D-echocardiography.
Near-Complete Traumatic Amputation of the Forefoot After Motorboat Propeller Injury
Authors: Retzky Julia S. , Humbyrd Casey Jo
Published: February 2019

We report a case of a near-complete amputation of the forefoot of a 20-year-old man as a result of a motorboat propeller injury sustained in a saltwater river. He was treated with open reduction, percutaneous pinning, extensor tendon repair, and an extended course of antibiotic prophylaxis. We review the literature regarding motorboat propeller injuries to the foot and ankle.
Cultural Competence and Beyond: Working Across Cultures in Culturally Dynamic Partnerships
Authors: Gopalkrishnan Narayan
Published: February 2019

The processes of globalisation are increasing cross-cultural interactions at exponentially faster rates and in increasingly complex ways. While these interactions can lead to much greater opportunities for positive change in all aspects of human life, they can also lead to conflict between cultures, whether overt or covert. In this article, cultural competence, a very popular framework for working across cultures, is critically examined and some of the major issues with using this framework are explored. An alternative to this framework, ‘culturally dynamic partnership’, is presented as being a more equitable and inclusive way of working across cultures. This framework builds on the strengths of earlier frameworks and presents a way of moving forwards that empowers all the participants in collaborative partnerships.
Central nervous system–restricted familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis responds to hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Li Hojun , Benson Leslie A. , Henderson Lauren A. , Solomon Isaac H. , Kennedy Alyssa L. , Soldatos Ariane , Bielekova Bibiana , Murphy Jennifer , Davies Kimberly J. , Lehmann Leslie E. , Lee Michelle A. , Alexandrescu Sanda , Degar Barbara A. , Gorman Mark P. , Duncan Christine N.
Published: February 2019

Key Points

Familial HLH can present as chronic isolated neuroinflammation. CNS-isolated HLH responds to hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Effects of chloride content of intravenous crystalloid solutions in critically ill adult patients: a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Xue Ming , Zhang Xiwen , Liu Feng , Chang Wei , Xie Jianfeng , Xu Jingyuan , Yang Yi , Qiu Haibo
Published: February 2019

Background

Intravenous crystalloid solutions are administered commonly for critically ill patients. We performed this meta-analysis of randomized trials with trial sequential analysis (TSA) to evaluate effects of chloride content of intravenous crystalloid solutions on clinical outcomes among critically ill adult patients.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched up to June 1, 2018, for randomized trials of use of balanced crystalloids versus 0.9% saline solutions in critically ill adult patients. The outcome variables included mortality, renal outcomes, serum content alterations and organ function. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to patient settings, types or volume of crystalloid fluid, or among sepsis versus non-sepsis, TBI versus non-TBI or subpopulations by the categories of baseline kidney function. Random errors were evaluated by trial sequential analysis.

Results

Eight studies with 19,301 patients were analyzed. A trend of in-hospital survival benefit with no statistical difference could be observed with balanced crystalloids compared with 0.9% saline (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85–1.0, p = 0.06). The use of balanced crystalloid solutions was associated with longer RRT-free days (SMD 0.09, 95% CI 0.06–0.12, p < 0.001), less risk of increase in serum concentrations of chloride (SMD − 1.23, 95% CI − 1.59 to − 0.87, p < 0.001) and sodium (SMD − 1.28, 95% CI − 1.65 to − 0.92, p < 0.001), less risk of decline in serum base deficit (SMD − 0.58, 95% CI − 0.98 to − 0.18, p = 0.004), longer ventilator-free days (SMD 0.08, 95% CI 0.05–0.11, p < 0.001) and vasopressor-free days (SMD 0.04, 95% CI 0.00–0.07, p = 0.02). Subgroup analysis showed that balanced crystalloid solutions were associated with a reduced in-hospital mortality rate among septic patients (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75–0.98; p = 0.02) and non-traumatic brain injury patients (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.99, p = 0.02), while the TSA results indicated a larger sample size is still in need.

Conclusions

Limited evidence supported statistical survival benefit with balanced crystalloid solutions, while it benefited in reducing organ support duration and fluctuations in serum electrolyte and base excess and was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality in subpopulation with sepsis and non-TBI. Large-scale rigorous randomized trials with better designs are needed to provide robust evidence for clinical management.

Trial registration The protocol for this meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO: International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42018102661), https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails
Preservation of allograft bone using a glycerol solution: a compilation of original preclinical research
Authors: Samsell Brian , Softic Davorka , Qin Xiaofei , McLean Julie , Sohoni Payal , Gonzales Katrina , Moore Mark A.
Published: February 2019

Background

Bone allografts are used in many orthopedic procedures to provide structural stability as well as an osteoconductive matrix for bone ingrowth and fusion. Traditionally, bone allografts have been preserved by either freezing or freeze-drying. Each of these preservation methods has some disadvantages: Frozen grafts require special shipping and storage conditions, and freeze-drying requires special lyophilization equipment and procedures that may impact biomechanical integrity. This report describes an alternate type of preservation using glycerol, which allows storage of fully-hydrated tissues at ambient temperature avoiding the potential complications from freeze-drying.

Methods

In the in vitro three-point bend test, cortical bone was processed and frozen, freeze-dried, or treated with glycerol-based preservation (GBP). Load was applied to each graft at a rate of 2.71 mm/min. The flexural strain, flexural strength, and flexural modulus were then calculated. In the in vitro axial compression test, iliac crest wedges, fibular segments, and Cloward dowels were processed and either freeze-dried or GBP treated. The compressive strength of the grafts were tested at time zero and after real time aging of 1, 4, and 5 years. In the in vivo rat calvarial defect assessment, freeze-dried, frozen, and GBP bone implants were compared after being implanted into a critical sized defect. Samples underwent histological and biomechanical evaluation.

Results

Bone grafts subjected to GBP were found to be at least biomechanically equivalent to frozen bone while also being significantly less brittle than freeze-dried bone. GBP-preserved bone demonstrated significantly greater compressive strength than freeze-dried at multiple time points. Preclinical research performed in calvaric defect models found that GBP-preserved bone had similar osteoconductivity and biocompatibility to frozen and freeze-dried samples.

Conclusion

Preclinical research demonstrated that glycerol–preservation of bone yields a material that maintains biomechanical strength while eliminating the need for extensive rehydration or thaw periods if used clinically. Additionally, in vivo evidence suggests no negative impact of glycerol-preservation on the ability of bone grafts to successfully participate in new bone formation and fusion.
Reverse time adjoint migration
Authors: Liu Hongwei , Ali Almomin , Luo Yi
Published: February 2019

From a mathematical perspective, it is desirable to apply the adjoint operator for back propagating the receiver wavefield for migration of data residuals for inversion. For frequency-domain direct solvers, it is straightforward to apply the adjoint operator, whereas in most real applications of time-domain finite-difference (TDFD) stencils, the forward-propagation kernel function is reused for backward propagation for simplicity. However, when applying the exact adjoint operator, the migration result will be different, especially when strong variations exist in the velocity model. Actually, these three operators (forward, backward, and adjoint of the forward) can be expressed in matrix forms under the Born approximation for acoustic wave equations. These expressions linearly relate model perturbations to recorded seismic data. Every element in the matrices is well-defined, and all involved operations, such as the imaging condition and wavefield sampling, are included in the closed-form matrix expressions. These matrix expressions provide a platform for analyzing seismic modeling and inversion via mature linear algebra methodologies and provide clear strategies for developing computer algorithms. By analyzing the similarity of the matrix expressions, one can find that the time stepping approaches for all three operators are essentially the same. Based on this observation, a new time-marching stencil can be designed to realize the TDFD adjoint operator. Compared with traditional reverse time migration, the new method using the adjoint operator can provide better image quality, especially at sharp velocity boundaries.
The effect of integrated care on self-management and emergency department attendance
Authors: Scheiner Nikki , Cohen Sarah , Davis Ruth , Gale Tim , Agyare Amanda
Published: February 2019

Aims and method

The Frequent Attenders Programme is a joint initiative between Hertfordshire Rapid Assessment, Interface and Discharge service and the Emergency Department of the West Hertfordshire NHS Trust, which aims to divert frequent attenders from the emergency department by addressing their unmet needs. This paper describes the range of interventions put in place from the time that the service was set up in 2014 until the introduction of the new national Commissioning for Quality and Innovation 2017–2019, which tasked National Health Service trusts to improve services for people with mental health needs who present to Accident and Emergency. The terms emergency department and Accident and Emergency are used interchangeably, reflecting the practice in policy documents. A subsequent article will report on the impact of the Commissioning for Quality and Innovation in Hertfordshire.

Results

Analysis of the interventions indicated a highly significant (P < 0.0001) mean reduction in attendances. Lower gains were made in patients whose primary presentations were alcohol-related. A failure to effect change in two patients led to a significant revision of their respective care plans, resulting in a subsequent reduction in their attendances.

Clinical implications

An integrated approach to patients with complex presentations was associated with high levels of both patient and referrer satisfaction. It is hypothesised that dismantling the barriers between physical and mental health may lead to similar successes in frequent attenders in other in-patient and community medical and psychiatric services.

Declaration of interest

None.
Glioblastoma Recurrence and the Role of O6-Methylguanine–DNA Methyltransferase Promoter Methylation
Authors: Storey Katie , Leder Kevin , Hawkins-Daarud Andrea , Swanson Kristin , Ahmed Atique U. , Rockne Russell C. , Foo Jasmine
Published: February 2019

Tumor recurrence in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is often attributed to acquired resistance to the standard chemotherapeutic agent, temozolomide (TMZ). Promoter methylation of the DNA repair gene MGMT (O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase) has been associated with sensitivity to TMZ, whereas increased expression of MGMT has been associated with TMZ resistance. Clinical studies have observed a downward shift in MGMT methylation percentage from primary to recurrent stage tumors; however, the evolutionary processes that drive this shift and more generally the emergence and growth of TMZ-resistant tumor subpopulations are still poorly understood. Here, we develop a mathematical model, parameterized using clinical and experimental data, to investigate the role of MGMT methylation in TMZ resistance during the standard treatment regimen for GBM—surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. We first found that the observed downward shift in MGMT promoter methylation status between detection and recurrence cannot be explained solely by evolutionary selection. Next, our model suggests that TMZ has an inhibitory effect on maintenance methylation of MGMT after cell division. Finally, incorporating this inhibitory effect, we study the optimal number of TMZ doses per adjuvant cycle for patients with GBM with high and low levels of MGMT methylation at diagnosis.
Generating intravital super-resolution movies with conventional microscopy reveals actin dynamics that construct pioneer axons
Authors: Zhang Yide , Nichols Evan L. , Zellmer Abigail M. , Guldner Ian H. , Kankel Cody , Zhang Siyuan , Howard Scott S. , Smith Cody J.
Published: February 2019

Super-resolution microscopy is broadening our in-depth understanding of cellular structure. However, super-resolution approaches are limited, for numerous reasons, from utilization in longer-term intravital imaging. We devised a combinatorial imaging technique that combines deconvolution with stepwise optical saturation microscopy (DeSOS) to circumvent this issue and image cells in their native physiological environment. Other than a traditional confocal or two-photon microscope, this approach requires no additional hardware. Here, we provide an open-access application to obtain DeSOS images from conventional microscope images obtained at low excitation powers. We show that DeSOS can be used in time-lapse imaging to generate super-resolution movies in zebrafish. DeSOS was also validated in live mice. These movies uncover that actin structures dynamically remodel to produce a single pioneer axon in a ‘top-down’ scaffolding event. Further, we identify an F-actin population – stable base clusters – that orchestrate that scaffolding event. We then identify that activation of Rac1 in pioneer axons destabilizes stable base clusters and disrupts pioneer axon formation. The ease of acquisition and processing with this approach provides a universal technique for biologists to answer questions in living animals.
Ventilation and gas exchange before and after voluntary static surface breath-holds in clinically healthy bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus
Authors: Fahlman A. , Brodsky M. , Miedler S. , Dennison S. , Ivančić M. , Levine G. , Rocho-Levine J. , Manley M. , Rocabert J. , Borque Espinosa A.
Published: February 2019

We measured respiratory flow (V̇), breathing frequency (fR), tidal volume (VT), breath durations, and end-expired O2 content in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) before and after static surface breath-holds ranging from 34 to 292 s. There was considerable variation in the end-expired O2, tidal volume VT, and fR following a breath-hold. The analysis suggests that the dolphins attempt to minimize recovery following a dive by altering VT, and fR to rapidly restore the O2 stores. For the first breath following a surface breath-hold, the end-expired O2 decreased with dive duration, while VT, and fR increased. Throughout the recovery, end-expired O2 increased while the respiratory effort (VT, fR) decreased. We propose that the dolphins alter respiratory effort following a breath-hold according to the reduction in end-expired O2 levels, allowing almost complete recovery after 1.2 min.
Bee and floral traits affect the characteristics of the vibrations experienced by flowers during buzz-pollination
Authors: Arroyo-Correa Blanca , Beattie Ceit , Vallejo-Marín Mario
Published: February 2019

During buzz pollination, bees use their indirect flight muscles to produce vibrations that are transmitted to the flowers and result in pollen release. Although buzz pollination has been known for >100 years, we are still in the early stages of understanding how bee and floral characteristics affect the production and transmission of floral vibrations. Here we analysed floral vibrations produced by four closely related bumblebee taxa (Bombus spp.) on two buzz-pollinated plants species (Solanum spp.). We measured floral vibrations transmitted to the flower to establish the extent to which the mechanical properties of floral vibrations depend on bee and plant characteristics. By comparing four bee taxa visiting the same plant species, we found that peak acceleration (PA), root mean-squared acceleration (RMS) and frequency varies between bee taxa, but that neither bee size (intertegular distance) or flower biomass (dry weight) affect PA, RMS or frequency. A comparison of floral vibrations of two bee taxa visiting flowers of two plant species, showed that, while bee species affects PA, RMS and frequency, plant species affects acceleration (PA and RMS) but not frequency. When accounting for differences in the transmission of vibrations across the two types of flowers, using a species-specific “coupling factor”, we found that RMS acceleration and peak displacement does not differ between plant species. This suggests that bees produce the same initial acceleration in different plants but that transmission of these vibrations through the flower is affected by floral characteristics.
Dynamics of blood circulation during diving in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). The role of the retia mirabilia
Authors: Bonato Marco , Bagnoli Paola , Centelleghe Cinzia , Maric Mike , Brocca Ginevra , Mazzariol Sandro , Cozzi Bruno
Published: February 2019

The retia mirabilia are vascular nets composed by small vessels dispersed among numerous veins, allowing blood storage, regulation of flow, and pressure damping effects. Here we investigated their potential role during the diving phase of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). To this effect, the whole vertebral retia mirabilia of a series of dolphins were removed during post-mortem analysis and examined to assess vessel diameters, estimate vascular volume, and flow rate. Here we formulate a new hemodynamic model to help clarify vascular dynamics throughout the diving phase, based on the total blood volume of a bottlenose dolphin, and using data available about the perfusion of the main organs and body systems. We computed the minimum blood perfusion necessary to the internal organs, and the stroke volume (sv) and cardiac output (co) during the surface state. We then simulated breath-holding conditions and perfusion of the internal organs under the diving-induced bradycardia and reduction of sv and co, using 10 bpm as limit for the heart rate for an extended dive of over 3 minutes. Within these simulated conditions, the retia mirabilia play a vital role as a reservoir of oxygenated blood that permit functional performances and survival of the heart and brain. Our theoretical model, based on the actual blood capacity of the retia mirabilia and available data on organ perfusion, considers the dynamic trend of vasoconstriction during diving phase and may represent a baseline for future studies on the diving physiology of dolphins and especially for the blood supply to their brain.
Spo13 prevents premature cohesin cleavage during meiosis
Authors: Galander Stefan , Barton Rachael E. , Kelly David A. , Marston Adèle L.
Published: February 2019

Background:Meiosis produces gametes through two successive nuclear divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. In contrast to mitosis and meiosis II, where sister chromatids are segregated, during meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are segregated. This requires the monopolar attachment of sister kinetochores and the loss of cohesion from chromosome arms, but not centromeres, during meiosis I. The establishment of both sister kinetochore mono-orientation and cohesin protection rely on the budding yeast meiosis I-specific Spo13 protein, the functional homolog of fission yeast Moa1 and mouse MEIKIN.

Methods:Here we investigate the effects of loss ofSPO13on cohesion during meiosis I using a live-cell imaging approach.

Results:Unlike wild type, cells lackingSPO13fail to maintain the meiosis-specific cohesin subunit, Rec8, at centromeres and segregate sister chromatids to opposite poles during anaphase I. We show that the cohesin-destabilizing factor, Wpl1, is not primarily responsible for the loss of cohesion during meiosis I. Instead, premature loss of centromeric cohesin during anaphase I inspo13Δcells relies on separase-dependent cohesin cleavage. Further, cohesin loss inspo13Δanaphase I cells is blocked by forcibly tethering the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, Rts1, to Rec8.

Conclusions:Our findings indicate that separase-dependent cleavage of phosphorylated Rec8 causes premature cohesin loss inspo13Δcells.
Estudio de prescripción-indicación en pacientes con antimicrobianos de amplio espectro en medicina interna de un hospital de Ecuador
Authors: Romero Viamonte Katherine , Berrones Martínez María Belén
Published: February 2019

Introducción: desde hace varios años existe preocupación por el incremento específico en el consumo de antimicrobianos por los problemas que estos generan; por tal motivo, se decidió diseñar un programa de atención farmacéutica en pacientes hospitalizados en servicios abiertos para evitar el desarrollo de problemas relacionados con medicamentos asociados con antimicrobianos. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de utilización de medicamentos, del tipo prescripción-indicación en una muestra de estudio de 25 pacientes que recibieron antimicrobianos de amplio espectro en el área de medicina interna del hospital José María Velasco Ibarra desde abril hasta julio del 2016. Resultados: el 76 % de los pacientes fueron mujeres. La patología más frecuente que requirió la utilización de antimicrobianos fue la infección de vías urinarias complicada (48 %): el 24 % de los pacientes recibió más de un antibiótico de amplio espectro y el más utilizado fue el imipenem/cilastatina (34.4 %), seguido de la piperacilina/tazobactam y el cefepime, ambas con un 28.1% y la vancomicina (9.4%). El 48% de las prescripciones fueron inadecuadas, se detectó la presencia de PRM en el 84 % de los pacientes. Conclusión: el diseño de un programa de atención farmacéutica en pacientes hospitalizados garantiza la identificación, prevención y/o solución de los problemas relacionados con medicamentos, su uso adecuado y la calidad de la atención.
Rol de Terapia Ocupacional en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo en Colombia
Authors: Moreno-Chaparro Jaime , Cubillos-Mesa Cristian , Duarte-Torres Silvia Cristina
Published: February 2019

Introducción: la Terapia Ocupacional impacta positivamente en la salud y el bienestar al realizar, por medio de la ocupación, acciones específicas en la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo (UCI) en las que se abordan la rehabilitación y recuperación de habilidades. Materiales y métodos: estudio aplicado a terapeutas ocupacionales con mínimo de 2 años de experiencia clínica y 1 año en Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Adulto en Colombia, en el periodo de diciembre de 2016 a marzo de 2017. Se analizaron categorías específicas encaminadas al conocimiento basado en participación, experiencia, evaluación, intervención y retos. Resultados: participaron 20 terapeutas experimentados en diferentes categorías: (a) Participación: como ejecutores, el 70 %, y el 55 % hace parte de intervención temprana en rehabilitación. (b) Experiencia: se evidencia atención de entidades clínicas más referenciadas, se hace uso de modelos y marcos teórico-prácticos reconocidos y difundidos. (c) Evaluación: se realiza en áreas cognitiva y Actividades de la Vida diaria, usando instrumentos como historia ocupacional y observación. (d) Intervención: énfasis en modalidades y medios de intervención encaminados a las Actividades de la Vida diaria, Cognitivo, Sensorial y Trabajo con Familias. (e) Retos: dividido en fortalezas y dificultades donde se expresaron beneficios, problemáticas y otros. Conclusión: se identifican y analizan acciones del terapeuta ocupacional colombiano en las UCI, correlacionándose con los reportes a nivel internacional. Se resalta la participación en los equipos de intervención temprana, sus acciones con las familias y sus acciones centradas en la ocupación.
Prevalence of Victimization and Perpetration of Sexual Aggression in Undergraduate Students: A Systematic Review 2008-2018
Authors: Hernández Romero Hebe , Rincón Paulina , Castro Alzate Elvis Siprian
Published: February 2019

Introduction: Sexual aggression (SA) is a public health problem present throughout the life of people, for this reason it is necessary to know its magnitude and scope. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of empirical studies that include information on the prevalence of sexual aggression in undergraduate students. Materials and Methods: Two authors independently searched for publications between 2008-2018 in the Scopus®, Web of Science®, Scielo®, Redalyc® and Eric® databases. As inclusion criteria, empirical studies that report the prevalence of victimization and/or perpetration of sexual aggression in students since their admission to the university were considered. The evaluation was carried out independently by two evaluators who determined the risk of bias. In total, 35 articles were selected that met the inclusion criteria. Used methodology, sample sizes, measurement instruments, prevalence of victimization-perpetration of sexual aggression and perpetrator-victim relationship are indicated. Results: Although there are differences between the studies analyzed, the results indicate that unwanted sexual contact is the most frequent type of sexual aggression in both victimization and perpetration; however, several studies did not perform this subdivision and showed only general data of some type of sexual aggression. Discussion: The findings of the estimation of prevalence of sexual aggression and its subtypes in undergraduates since they enter university life are discussed, as well as future considerations related to terminology unification that allows to estimate more precise figures of the types of sexual aggression.
Formas de violencia institucional en la sala de espera de urgencias en un hospital público de México
Authors: Bellamy Clara , Castro Roberto
Published: February 2019

Introducción: se analizaron algunas formas de violencia institucional en los servicios públicos de salud en relación con la configuración del espacio, la lógica burocrática y la actuación de los agentes institucionales sobre el comportamiento de los pacientes y acompañantes durante la espera para recibir atención médica. Desarrollo: el estudio se realizó con observación participante y doce entrevistas semiestructuradas y se analizó con tres categorías: la espera, la producción institucional de la sujeción y la alienación del derecho a la salud. Conclusiones: se sostiene que estas formas de violencia institucional son instrumentales en la reproducción de la dominación y la exclusión que se ejercen sobre los usuarios.
Retos para la formación de profesionales en derechos en salud. El caso de Perú
Authors: Henríquez Suárez Milagro , Espinoza Portilla Elizabeth
Published: February 2019

Introducción: actualmente el derecho a la salud forma parte de los derechos humanos fundamentales y es reconocido a nivel internacional por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. El objetivo de este artículo es describir experiencias de programas educativos de derechos en salud, y plantea retos para el fortalecimiento de las competencias en el marco de los derechos en salud, analizando al Perú como caso concreto. Desarrollo: para asegurar una atención de salud oportuna y de calidad, basada en los derechos en salud, y en el marco de lo establecido por normativas a nivel global sobre estos, se requiere que los profesionales de la salud se desarrollen en un entorno favorable para la práctica sanitaria y de servicios complementarios con los recursos apropiados. Las instituciones sanitarias deben ofrecer, en coordinación con las universidades y entidades del Estado, programas de formación sobre derechos en salud considerando el marco legal vigente y la capacitación continua de los profesionales. Conclusiones: es importante promover capacitaciones a los profesionales de salud en el tema de derechos en salud a nivel global y local, considerando los determinantes de la salud y los diferentes entornos socioculturales, iniciativas que deben ser impulsadas tanto desde la academia como desde el gobierno. Para el caso de Perú, a nivel del gobierno se propone promoverlo desde el Ministerio de Salud y la Superintendencia Nacional de Salud, ente encargado de proteger y promover los derechos en salud.
Síndrome Löfgren: o melhor cenário da sarcoidose
Authors: Cascais Costa Joana , Lucas Catarina , Paixão Joana , Rodrigues Adriano
Published: February 2019

Introdução: a sarcoidose é uma granulomatose sistêmica de etiologia desconhecida, que se pode ma- nifestar de forma aguda como síndrome de Löfgren em 20 %-50 % dos indivíduos, a qual, não obstante ter um curso benigno, exige uma vigilância e acompanhamento cuidadosos dos doentes. Esta síndrome caracterizada pela tríade eritema nodoso, linfadenopatias hilares bilaterais e poliartralgia ou poliartrite, não carece de confirmação histológica para o diagnóstico e é mais prevalente em mulheres caucasianas até aos 35 anos de idade. Apresenta bom prognóstico e pode ter resolução espontânea das queixas no primeiro ano após o aparecimento. Caso Clínico: os autores apresentam o caso clínico de uma doente de 20 anos que recorreu ao serviço de urgência com lesões nodulares, avermelhadas e dolorosas nos membros inferiores, acompanhadas de mal-estar geral e gonalgias bilaterais com compromisso funcional. Constataram-se linfadenopatias e hilares bilaterais e elevação da enzima conversora da angiotensina sérica. Conclusão: a doente teve resposta favorável a um ciclo curto de corticoterapia e analgesia com anti-inflamatórios não esteroides.
Arreglos neocorporatistas en la política habitacional. Un análisis de los Macroproyectos de Interés Social Nacional en Colombia
Authors: Alfonso R. Óscar A.
Published: February 2019

El Estado contemporáneo tiene varias facetas. La del neocorporatismo es una forma moderna de representación de intereses que, en el caso de la política habitacional en Colombia, tomó cuerpo en un arreglo para producir suelo edificable con  proyectos habitacionales para hogares pobres que enfrentó el impasse de la autonomía local en el ordenamiento territorial. La manera como se resolvió tal inconveniente es analizada con el empleo de una periodización ad hoc que pone de manifiesto que el arreglo neocorporatista de los Macroproyectos de Interés Social Nacional se produjo para enfrentar la crisis recesiva del sector constructor ocurrida en la coyuntura de 2008.
Política de vivienda y gestión de suelo urbano. Casos de Corea, Colombia y Perú (1990-2015)
Authors: Calderón Julio
Published: February 2019

Bajo un análisis comparativo de los casos de Colombia, Perú y Corea del Sur, se relaciona el rol del Estado con el mercado y se resalta la importancia de la gestión del suelo urbano y los programas de vivienda. Basado en la revisión de la bibliografía, se concluye que, aunque esos países han atravesado por procesos de liberalización y privatización desde la década de 1990, difieren en su esquema institucional de atención a la vivienda y gestión del suelo: un Estado desarrollador y planificador que promueve asociaciones público/privadas (Corea), otro que combina mecanismos de subsidio con gestión del suelo (Colombia) y otro en el que impera el libre mercado (Perú).
No time to lose: effective management strategies
Authors: Hinde John
Published: February 2019

In a management job, as well as for any other, it can be easy to get snowed under with tasks that are not directly productive, but which take up a lot of time. John Hinde gives 20 tips that can make work smoother and more time-efficient.
Improving mental capacity assessments
Authors: Bond Kirsten , Ablett Chloe , Duvnjak Haris
Published: February 2019

People have the right to take their own decisions wherever possible. But assessing mental capacity correctly is not always easy, especially in older people. Chloe Ablett and colleagues discuss the implementation of legal protections and make recommendations.
A Multi-Level Analysis of Students’ Teacher and Family Relationships on Academic Achievement in Schools
Authors: Sengul Ozden , Zhang Xiaoyun , Leroux Audrey J.
Published: February 2019

By using multi-level modeling, this study explores the impact of students’ perception of the quality of the teacher-student relationship and family structure on student achievement after controlling for socioeconomic status (SES), school urbanicity, and school control. The data from 750 schools and 17,000 10th grade students were analyzed. Family structure and student’s perception of teacher-student relationship, and SES were student-level; school urbanicity and school control were school-level variables. The findings indicated that students, who had a positive perception about their relationship with their teachers, came from families including two biological parents, and had high SES and high math achievement. Students’ SES and attending public school in urban areas were found to be significantly related to students’ math achievement. The math score for public school students was lower than students from private and Catholic schools. The further research should have a design addressing the impact of these variables in a longitudinal term.
Arthroscopic treatment of total knee arthroplasty complications
Authors: Encinas-Ullán Carlos A. , Rodríguez-Merchán E. Carlos
Published: February 2019

The most frequent indications for arthroscopy in patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are soft-tissue impingement, arthrofibrosis (knee stiffness), periprosthetic infection and removal of free bodies or cement fragments. When performing a knee arthroscopy in a patient with a symptomatic TKA, look for possible free/retained bone or cement fragments, which can be anywhere in the joint. Patellar tracking should be evaluated and soft-tissue impingement under the patella or between the femoral and tibial prosthetic components should be ruled out. Current data suggest that knee arthroscopy is an effective procedure for the treatment of some patients with symptomatic TKA. The approximate rates of therapeutic success vary according to the problem in question: 85% in soft-tissue impingement; 90% in arthrofibrosis; and 55% in periprosthetic infections. More clinical studies are needed to determine which patients with symptomatic TKA can be the best candidates for knee arthroscopy.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4:33-43. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180035.
Alteration in behavior of rat after chronic exposure to acetamiprid
Authors: Mondal Samiran , Pradhan Saktipada , Mukhopadhayay Sunit K.
Published: February 2019

Background and Aim: Acetamiprid is a chemical of neonicotinoid group which binds with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and alters the brain function. The present study was taken up to enlight the understanding of nociception behavior in Sprague Dawley (SD) rat after multiple exposures to acetamiprid.

Materials and Methods: For experiment purpose, a total of 48 SD rats were divided into four dose groups having 12 animals each. Group I was control group received only distilled water. Group II, Group III, and Group IV were treated with acetamiprid at a dose rate of 5, 20, and 40 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Rats were tested in induced pain by formalin injection and tail flick test.

Results: The flinch counts in formalin-induced pain in acetamiprid-treated rat were reduced in a dose-dependent manner, whereas, in tail flick test, no such altered pain behavior was observed in treated group compared to control animals.

Conclusion: Acetamiprid alters the centralized nociception through nAChR but could not trigger the associated signal to inhibit the nociception peripherally.
Получение точного аналитического решения стационарной двумерной задачи теплопроводности с источником теплоты
Authors: Кудинов Игорь Васильевич , Kudinov Igor Vasilievich , Курганова Ольга Юрьевна , Kurganova Olga Yuryevna , Ткачев Василий Константинович , Tkachev Vasily K.
Published: February 2019

На основе ортогонального метода Бубнова-Галеркина с использованием тригонометрических систем координатных функций получено точное аналитическое решение стационарной двумерной задачи теплопроводности для бесконечно-протяженного бруса квадратного сечения с источником теплоты.
Благодаря свойству ортогональности тригонометрических координатных функций получаемая в методе Бубнова-Галеркина бесконечная система обыкновенных дифференциальных уравнений разделяется и приводится к решению одного обобщенного уравнения, что позволяет получить точное аналитическое решение простого вида в виде бесконечного ряда. В силу симметричности задачи рассматривается лишь четверть поперечного сечения бруса при задании по линиям разреза граничных условий адиабатной стенки (отсутствия теплообмена), что позволяет (в отличие от известного классического точного аналитического решения) значительно упростить как процесс получения решения, так и окончательное выражение для него.
PENGUATAN JARINGAN PERPUSTAKAAN (NETWORKLIBRARY) SEBAGAI UNSUR POTENSIAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN AKSES LAYANAN PERPUSTAKAAN BAGI MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS
Authors: Samsiyah Siti
Published: February 2019

Universitas Terbuka (UT) sebagai perguruan tinggi jarak jauh (PTJJ) memiliki karakteristik khusus dalam sistem pembelajarannya.Mahasiswa dan dosen tidak bertemu secara intensif tatap muka setiap hari.  Dalam sistem pembelajarannya mahasiswa  dibantu melalui berbagai media yang berisi materi perkuliahan. Ragam media ini sebagai sarana pembelajaran  meliputi, program computer assisted instruction (CAI), dry lib, audio-video, program tv channel sky-lbs, tv feature, radio feature. Sebagai perguruan tinggi  berkonsep PTJJ, terdapat karakteristik yang berbeda juga dalam layanan perpustakaannya. Kalau perguruan tinggi konvensional mahasiswa dapat secara langsung berkunjung ke gedung perpustakaan memilih, meminjam koleksi perpustakaan, selain itu juga mahasiswa dapat mengakses semua koleksi atupun memesan koleksi melalui internet. Sedangkan UT sebagai PTJJ,  mahasiswa memiliki keterbatasan dalam mengakses koleksi perpustakaan secara off line/kunjungan langsung secara fisik ke perpustakaan. Karena mahasiswa yang tersebar di seluruh tanah air, praktis koleksi perpustakaan yang bisa dinikmati secara kunjungan langsung oleh mahasiswa yang berada di lokasi Jakarta, Bogor, Depok Tangerang dan Bekasi (Jabodetabek.). Penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penguatan jaringan perpustakaan sebagai upaya meningkatkan akses layanan perpustakaan bagi mahasiswa UT sebagai layanan perpustakaan bagi mahasiswa PTJJ. Dengan sumber data dari mahasiswa UT, pustakawan,  dan sumber data sekunder berupa dokumentasi akses koleksi perpustakaan dan data statistik menunjukkan bahwa penguatan jaringan perpustakaan UT sangat diperlukan bagi mahasiswa. Diantaranya penguatan jaringan perpustakaan FKP2TN (Forum Kerjasama Perpustakaan Perguruan Tinggi Negeri), Aspika (Asosiasi penyelenggara Pendidikan Tinggi Ilmu Perpustakaan dan Informasi Indonesia ). Hal ini untuk mengatasi keterbatasan akses secara off line mahasiswa pada perpustakaan UT sekaligus meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran.
ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN LITERASI INFORMASI PUSTAKAWAN PUSAT INFORMASI ILMIAH DI LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN PURWOKERTO BERDASARKAN MODEL THE BIG 6
Authors: Wicaksono Hendra , Kurniawan Aris
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini menganalisis keterampilan literasi informasi pustakawan Pusat Informasi Ilmiah di lingkungan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman berdasarkan model The Big6. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif karena seluruh populasi pustakawan di Pusat Informasi Ilmiah di lingkungan Universitas Jenderal Soedirman yang memenuhi kriteria dijadikan sampel. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh pustakawan dan atau petugas perpustakaan di 12 Fakultas yang memiliki latar belakang bidang ilmu perpustakaan dan atau pernah mengikuti pelatihan kepustakawanan, yaitu berjumlah 18 orang. Data diperoleh dengan melakukan penyebaran kuesioner yang di uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumennya. Perolehan data kuesioner kemudian di tabulasi dalam bentuk persentase. Hasil persentase selanjutnya dianalisis dan diinterpretasikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, hampir setengah pustakawan memiliki keterampilan dalam mendefinisikan masalah ditandai dengan 44%. Sebagian besar memiliki keterampilan strategi pencarian informasi ditandai 56%. Setengah memiliki keterampilan menemukan lokasi akses informasi ditandai 50%. Hampir setengah pustakawan memiliki keterampilan strategi pencarian informasi atau memiliki cara yang efektif untuk menyaring dan memeras informasi ditandai 33%. Sebagian besar memiliki keterampilan sintesis atau menggabungkan berbagai informasi ditandai 61%. Sebagian besar pustakawan memiliki keterampilan dalam memberikan penilaian terhadap hasil dan proses yang sudah berhasil dilaluinya ditandai 61%
Frontmatter
Authors: Ati Sri
Published: February 2019

Frontmatter2Program Studi Ilmu Perpustakaan, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Diponegoro