bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hippocampal-occipital connectivity reflects autobiographical memory deficits in aphantasia
Authors: Monzel Merlin , Leelaarporn Pitshaporn , Lutz Teresa , Schultz Johannes , Brunheim Sascha , Reuter Martin , McCormick Cornelia
Published: August 2023

Aphantasia refers to reduced or absent visual imagery. While most of us can readily recall decade-old personal experiences (autobiographical memories, AM) with vivid mental images, there is a dearth of information about whether the loss of visual imagery in aphantasics affects their AM retrieval. The hippocampus is thought to be a crucial hub in a brain-wide network underlying AM. One important question is whether this network, especially the connectivity of the hippocampus, is altered in aphantasia. In the current study, we tested 14 congenital aphantasics and 16 demographically matched controls in an AM fMRI task to investigate how key brain regions (i.e., hippocampus and visual-perceptual cortices) interact with each other during AM re-experiencing. All participants were interviewed regarding their autobiographical memory to examine their episodic and semantic recall of specific events. Aphantasics reported more difficulties in recalling AM, were less confident about their memories, and described less internal and emotional details than controls. Neurally, aphantasics displayed decreased hippocampal and increased visual-perceptual cortex activation during AM retrieval compared to controls. In addition, controls showed strong negative functional connectivity between the hippocampus and the visual cortex during AM and resting-state functional connectivity between these two brain structures predicted better visualization skills. Our results indicate that visual mental imagery plays an important role in detail-rich vivid AM, and that this type of cognitive function is supported by the functional connection between the hippocampus and the visual-perceptual cortex.
A developmental increase of inhibition promotes the emergence of hippocampal ripples
Authors: Pochinok Irina , Stöber Tristan M. , Triesch Jochen , Chini Mattia , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana L.
Published: August 2023

Sharp wave-ripples (SPW-Rs) are a hippocampal network phenomenon critical for memory consolidation and planning. SPW-Rs have been extensively studied in the adult brain, yet their developmental trajectory is poorly understood. While SPWs have been recorded in rodents shortly after birth, the time point and mechanisms of ripple emergence are still unclear. Here, we combine in vivo electrophysiology with optogenetics and chemogenetics in 4 to 12 days-old mice to address this knowledge gap. We show that ripples are robustly detected and induced by light stimulation of ChR2-transfected CA1 pyramidal neurons only from postnatal day (P) 10 onwards. Leveraging a spiking neural network model, we mechanistically link the maturation of inhibition and ripple emergence. We corroborate these findings by reducing ripple rate upon chemogenetic silencing of CA1 interneurons. Finally, we show that early SPW-Rs elicit a more robust prefrontal cortex response then SPWs lacking ripples. Thus, development of inhibition promotes ripples emergence.
Marine heatwaves disrupt ecosystem structure and function via altered food webs and energy flux
Authors: Gomes Dylan G.E. , Ruzicka James J. , Crozier Lisa G. , Huff David D. , Brodeur Richard D. , Stewart Joshua D.
Published: August 2023

The prevalence and intensity of marine heatwaves is increasing globally, disrupting local environmental conditions. The individual and population-level impacts of prolonged heatwaves on marine species have recently been demonstrated, yet whole-ecosystem consequences remain unexplored. We leveraged time series abundance data of 361 taxa, grouped into 86 functional groups, from six long term surveys, diet information from a new diet database, and previous modeling efforts, to build two food web networks using an extension of the popular Ecopath ecosystem modeling framework, Ecotran. We compare ecosystem models parameterized before and after the onset of recent marine heatwaves to evaluate the cascading effects on ecosystem structure and function in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. While the ecosystem-level contribution (prey) and demand (predators) of most functional groups changed following the heatwaves, gelatinous taxa experienced the largest transformations, underscored by the arrival of northward-expanding pyrosomes. We show altered trophic relationships and energy flux have potentially profound consequences for ecosystem structure and function, and raise concerns for populations of threatened and harvested species.
Generalizing deep variant callers via domain adaptation and semi-supervised learning
Authors: Jung Youngmok , Park Jinwoo , Lim Hwijoon , Lee Jeong Seok , Ju Young Seok , Han Dongsu
Published: August 2023

Deep learning-based variant callers (DVCs) offer state-of-the-art perfor-mance in small variant detection from DNA sequencing data. However, their reliance on supervised learning and the subsequent need for exten-sive labeled data pose a potential hurdle to their generalizability across diverse sequencing methods with varying error profiles. Indeed, even minor discrepancies in error profiles can compromise the robustness of DVCs and impair the variant calling accuracy in the target sequencing method. To mitigate these challenges, we propose RUN-DVC, the first semi-supervised training approach for DVCs that presents two complemen-tary training techniques to the conventional supervised training approach. RUN-DVC leverages semi-supervised learning techniques to learn error profiles from unlabeled datasets of the target sequencing method as well as a domain adaptation technique to aid semi-supervised learning by reducing the domain discrepancy due to different error profiles. We ana-lyze and contrast RUN-DVC against the supervised training approach under various generalization scenarios using nine sequencing methods from Illumina, BGI, PacBio, and Oxford Nanopore sequencing platforms. Remarkably, RUN-DVC significantly improves the variant calling accu-racy of DVC in the target sequencing method even with purely unlabeled datasets in the target domain and enables label-efficient generalization when partially labeled datasets are available. Our results suggest RUN-DVC is a promising semi-supervised training method for DVCs with the potential to broaden the use of DVC across diverse sequencing methods.
Hedgehog signaling is required for the maintenance of mesenchymal nephron progenitors
Authors: Chung Eunah , Deacon Patrick , Hu Yueh-Chiang , Lim Hee-Woong , Park Joo-Seop
Published: August 2023

Mesenchymal nephron progenitors (mNPs) give rise to all nephron tubules in the mammalian kidney. Since premature depletion of these cells leads to low nephron numbers, high blood pressure, and various renal diseases, it is critical that we understand how mNPs are maintained. While Fgf, Bmp, and Wnt signaling pathways are known to be required for the maintenance of these cells, it is unclear if any other signaling pathways also play roles. In this report, we explored the role of Hedgehog signaling in mNPs. We found that loss of either Shh in the collecting duct or Smo from the nephron lineage resulted in premature depletion of mNPs. Transcriptional profiling of mNPs with different Smo dosages suggested that Hedgehog signaling inhibited Notch signaling and upregulated the expression of Fox transcription factors such asFoxc1andFoxp4. Consistent with these observations, we found that ectopic expression ofJag1caused the premature depletion of mNPs as seen in theSmomutant kidney. We also found that Foxc1 was capable of binding to mitotic condensed chromatin, a feature of a mitotic bookmarking factor. Our study demonstrates a previously unappreciated role of Hedgehog signaling in preventing premature depletion of mNPs by repressing Notch signaling and likely by activating the expression of Fox factors.

TRANSLATIONAL STATEMENT

Premature depletion of nephron progenitors results in low nephron endowment, leading to high blood pressure and various renal diseases. Sound understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the maintenance of nephron progenitors is required for intervention. Although defective Hedgehog signaling is known to cause Pallister-Hall syndrome, its activity in nephron progenitors has been elusive. Here we report that Hedgehog signaling plays an important role in maintaining nephron progenitors. Our findings suggest that Hedgehog signaling pathway is a potential target for enhancing nephron endowment.
Data-driven trait heritability-based extraction of human facial phenotypes
Authors: Yuan Meng , Goovaerts Seppe , Hoskens Hanne , Richmond Stephen , Walsh Susan , Shriver Mark D. , Shaffer John R. , Marazita Mary L. , Weinberg Seth M. , Peeters Hilde , Claes Peter
Published: August 2023

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a complex, multi-dimensional morphological trait, such as the human face, typically relies on predefined and simplified phenotypic measurements, such as inter-landmark distances and angles. These measures are predominantly designed by human experts based on perceived biological or clinical knowledge. To avoid use handcrafted phenotypes (i.e., a priori expert-identified phenotypes), alternative automatically extracted phenotypic descriptors, such as features derived from dimension reduction techniques (e.g., principal component analysis), are employed. While the features generated by such computational algorithms capture the geometric variations of the biological shape, they are not necessarily genetically relevant. Therefore, genetically informed data-driven phenotyping is desirable. Here, we propose an approach where phenotyping is done through a data-driven optimization of trait heritability, defined as the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation. The resulting phenotyping process consists of two steps: 1) constructing a feature space that models shape variations using dimension reduction techniques, and 2) searching for directions in the feature space exhibiting high trait heritability using a genetic search algorithm (i.e., heuristic inspired by natural selection). We show that the phenotypes resulting from the proposed trait heritability-optimized training differ from those of principal components in the following aspects: 1) higher trait heritability, 2) higher SNP heritability, and 3) identification of the same number of independent genetic loci with a smaller number of effective traits. Our results demonstrate that data-driven trait heritability-based optimization enables the automatic extraction of genetically relevant phenotypes, as shown by their increased power in genome-wide association scans.
Structural basis for the allosteric pathway of 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase
Authors: Nakamichi Yusuke , Kobayashi Jyumpei , Toyoda Koichi , Suda Masako , Hiraga Kazumi , Inui Masayuki , Watanabe Masahiro
Published: August 2023

4-Amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase (ADCS), a chorismate-utilizing enzyme, is composed of two subunits: PabA and PabB. PabA is a glutamine amidotransferase that hydrolyzes glutamine into glutamate and ammonia. PabB is an aminodeoxychorismate synthase that converts chorismate to 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate (ADC) using the ammonia produced by PabA. ADCS functions under allosteric regulation between PabA and PabB. However, the allosteric mechanism remains unresolved because the structure of the PabA–PabB complex has not been determined. Here, the crystal structure and characterization of PapA from Streptomyces venezuelae (SvPapA), a bifunctional enzyme comprising the PabA and PabB domains, is reported. SvPapA forms a unique dimer in which PabA and PabB domains from different monomers complement each other and form an active structure. The chorismate-bound structure revealed that recognition of the C1 carboxyl group by Thr501 and Gly502 of the 498-PIKTG-502 motif in the PabB domain is essential for the catalytic Lys500 to reach the C2 atom, a reaction-initiation site. SvPapA demonstrated ADCS activity in the presence of Mg2+ when glutamate or NH+
4 was used as the amino donor. The crystal structure indicated that the Mg2+-binding position changed depending on the binding of chorismate. In addition, significant structural changes were observed in the PabA domain depending on the presence or absence of chorismate. This study provides insights into the structural factors that are involved in the allosteric regulation of ADCS.
Drivers of experiential loyalty intentions towards online travel agents: a comparative analysis on pre- and post-COVID travellers
Authors: Jasrotia Sahil Singh , Mulchandani Kalyani , Srivastava Shalini
Published: August 2023

Purpose

COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in the mental processes of tourists towards online travel agents. Therefore, the study aims to determine the factors affecting experiential loyalty intention of travellers during pre- and post-COVID times.

Design/methodology/approach

Empirical data analysis using structural equation modelling was performed in the study.

Findings

Results indicate that there is a change in the mental process of tourists. Travel companies need to understand that post-COVID, travel has transformed into a completely new world and it is essential to change behaviour accordingly. Traveller’s satisfaction would still be the key to driving loyalty of travellers towards a company.

Research limitations/implications

The study implies that managers must put more effort into creating confidence among travellers because many people are still scared to travel due to the prevalence of the COVID-19 virus. Motivation to travel has declined significantly, which can only be regenerated if managers develop great strategies to drive demand from people.

Originality/value

This study will help in filling the gap that exists in extant literature of tourism by developing a robust model for analysing the factors enhancing experiential loyalty intention of travellers towards online travel agents in the pre- and post-COVID scenarios.
Developing an original Café Delphi historical method to research women's individual and collective experiences of sex, sexuality and sexism in PR in the 1990s
Authors: Bowman Sarah , Yaxley Heather
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to develop an original Café Delphi historical method to research women's individual and collective experiences of sex, sexuality and sexism in public relations (PR) in 1990s’ Britain.

Design/methodology/approach

An original Café Delphi historical method is shaped by an interpretive paradigm providing a conceptual framework to model sex, sexuality and sexism. This approaches history as a social science drawing on hermeneutic phenomenology, reflexivity and ethics of care. A case study, employing oral history and participatory action research (PAR), is used to develop and test the practicality of the original Café Delphi historical method to research women's individual and collective experiences of PR in 1990s’ Britain.

Findings

Three main findings are identified. (1) Developing a new method is complex, time-consuming and surfaces practical problems; however, the Café Delphi historical method is a viable way to explore individual and collective experiences. (2) Undertaking methodological innovation and innovating research methods involves action learning and requires agility, reflexivity and ability to navigate messiness and order. (3) Testing the multiphase mixed method study revealed its power and potential as an ethical and collaborative co-research approach.

Originality/value

This study expands the repertoire of research methods in PR historiography and provides a new approach to capture collective as well as individual experiences. This study develops a feminine analytic tool employing metamodern oscillation to connect past, present and future.
Fostering effective and wholesome learning experiences: educators’ reflections during the late career stage
Authors: Schraeder Mike , Coco Charles
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The article discusses salient factors related to fostering effective and wholesome learning experiences. These factors, based on the reflective insights of the authors, are discussed with the intent of encouraging further discussion and exploration that may contribute to even more effective and more wholesome learning experiences. In addition, these insights are shared with the intent of assisting new or emerging educators/trainers in facilitating effective and wholesome learning experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

The tone of the article is reflective in nature, summarizing key insights of the authors gleaned from over 40 collective years in higher education, as well as two decades of work-related experience in the corporate world.

Findings

The insights and reflections during the later stage of the authors’ careers in higher education led to the identification of five major themes or factors related to facilitating effective and wholesome learning experiences. These include: 1. Relevant and Applicable; 2. Engagement, Interaction, and Critical Thinking; 3. Organization and Clarity; 4. Fostering Trust Through Communication, Responsiveness, and Feedback; 5. Flexibility and Augmentation

Originality/value

While many of the factors highlighted in the article align with related literature, the reflective insights of the authors contribute to a more nuanced discussion of several factors. The nuanced nature of the discussion is influenced by the collective experiences of the authors from over 40 years of collective experience in higher education, combined with 20 years of collective experience in the corporate world.
Adoption of machine learning systems within the health sector: a systematic review, synthesis and research agenda
Authors: Bundi Doreen Nkirote
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the state of research into adoption of machine learning systems within the health sector, to identify themes that have been studied and observe the important gaps in the literature that can inform a research agenda going forward.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature strategy was utilized to identify and analyze scientific papers between 2012 and 2022. A total of 28 articles were identified and reviewed.

Findings

The outcomes reveal that while advances in machine learning have the potential to improve service access and delivery, there have been sporadic growth of literature in this area which is perhaps surprising given the immense potential of machine learning within the health sector. The findings further reveal that themes such as recordkeeping, drugs development and streamlining of treatment have primarily been focused on by the majority of authors in this area.

Research limitations/implications

The search was limited to journal articles published in English, resulting in the exclusion of studies disseminated through alternative channels, such as conferences, and those published in languages other than English. Considering that scholars in developing nations may encounter less difficulty in disseminating their work through alternative channels and that numerous emerging nations employ languages other than English, it is plausible that certain research has been overlooked in the present investigation.

Originality/value

This review provides insights into future research avenues for theory, content and context on adoption of machine learning within the health sector.
The quasi-frame of the rational and polynomial Bezier curve by algorithm method in Euclidean space
Authors: Kuşak Samancı Hatice
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Frames play an important role in determining the geometric properties of the curves such as curvature and torsion. In particular, the determination of the point types of the curve, convexity or concavity is also possible with the frames. The Serret-Frenet frames are generally used in curve theory. However, the Serret-Frenet frame does not work when the second derivative is zero. In order to eliminate this problem, the quasi-frame was obtained. In this study, the quasi frames of the polynomial and rational Bezier curves are calculated by an algorithmic method. Thus, it will be possible to construct the frame even at singular points due to the second derivative of the curve. In this respect, the contribution of this study to computer-aided geometric design studies is quite high.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the quasi frame which is an alternative for all intermediate points of the rational Bezier curves was generated by the algorithm method, and some variants of this frame were analyzed. Even at the points where the second derivative of such rational Bezier curves is zero, there is a curve frame.

Findings

Several examples presented at the end of the paper regarding the quasi-frame of the rational Bezier curve, polynomial Bezier curve, linear, quadratic and cubic Bezier curves emphasize the efficacy and preciseness.

Originality/value

The quasi-frame of a rational Bezier curve is first computed. Owing to the quasi frame, it will have been found a solution for the nonsense rotation of the curve around the tangent.
Identifying measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in outpatient clinics
Authors: Prugsiganont Supuck , Waroonkun Tanut
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the physical environmental problems of two Thai community hospitals’ outpatient departments (OPDs) during the COVID-19 outbreak and to provide design guidelines for respiratory disease prevention.

Design/methodology/approach

A three-step method was used. The first step involved walk-through observations at Mae Wang Hospital and Doi Saket Hospital to assess the physical environment. The second step consisted of interviews with 22 medical staff working in the two hospitals. Third, the observation and interview data were used to develop a preliminary design guideline, which was evaluated by two focus groups comprising the same interview participants.

Findings

The observational findings showed that the two hospitals had difficulties following the COVID-19 prevention protocol due to physical environmental problems. Four different themes emerged from the analysis of the medical staff interviews. The preliminary design guidelines that were evaluated through two focus group discussions resulted in design recommendations for four areas (the overall building, clinical, support and staff areas) in the Mae Wang and Doi Saket OPD buildings. Three topics of design recommendations were provided to reduce the spread of COVID-19: improving hospital management, space design and air quality.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to provide design guidelines for COVID-19 and respiratory disease prevention in Thai community hospital OPD buildings.
Assessment of barriers to the implementation of blockchain technology in construction supply chain management in Nigeria
Authors: Okanlawon Taofeek Tunde , Oyewobi Luqman Oyekunle , Jimoh Richard Ajayi
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to assess the barriers to the implementation of blockchain technology in construction supply chain management in Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a quantitative research approach through a questionnaire survey that was conducted among professionals in the Nigerian construction industry using the snowball sampling method, which resulted in a selection of 155 respondents. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), while Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability.

Findings

The analysis revealed that all barriers ranked above the average mean item score. It also revealed that all professionals have a convergent opinion on the barriers. EFA was used in clustering the identified barriers into two categories: technological and socio-political barrier.

Research limitations/implications

This research was carried out in the Southwestern region which is one of the six geo-political zones in Nigeria using a cross-sectional survey method.

Practical implications

The findings provide valuable insights into the barriers to the implementation of blockchain in supply chain management for professionals and practitioners in the Nigerian construction industry.

Originality/value

The research categorised the barriers into technological and social-political barrier and identified that lack of digitalisation is the major barrier to the implementation of blockchain technology in construction supply chain.
Maximizing business performance through entrepreneurial orientation: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Bedi Harpreet Singh , Vij Sandeep , Farooq Rayees
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to analyze the effect of organizational context on Entrepreneurial Orientation–Business Performance (EO–BP) relationship by drawing a sample from India.

Design/methodology/approach

This firm-level study uses a cross-sectional research design. A personal survey of key informants, one each from 500 North Indian firms, has been conducted. The hypotheses were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), structural equation modeling and multi-group moderation analysis.

Findings

This study reveals the relevance of organizational context in strategic decision-making. This study finds that the firm’s size and nature of industry influence the inclination of an enterprise toward innovativeness and proactiveness. The results indicate that both, new entrants and older firms, can adopt entrepreneurial posture.

Originality/value

This study attempts to provide a unique perspective of entrepreneurship research by assessing the effect of organizational context on the EO–BP relationship in the Indian context. This study applies five-dimensional conceptualization of EO to EO–BP relationship and attempts to contribute to the literature by refining the inventory of five-dimensional conceptualization of EO construct. The CFA model of multifaceted subjective measurement of BP construct lends support to the integrated approach of BP measurement.
How can companies boost legitimacy in international markets? A dynamic marketing capabilities approach
Authors: Rivero-Gutierrez Lourdes , Cabanelas Pablo , Diez-Martin Francisco , Blanco-Gonzalez Alicia
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Foreign markets possess different characteristics to domestic ones; this means that dynamic marketing capabilities (DMCs) should be adjusted. This paper aims to understand how these DMCs enable firms to achieve greater legitimacy in international markets.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews in collaboration with an association of exporting firms.

Findings

Findings suggest five areas of DMCs to improve organizational legitimacy overseas: flexibility, relationship management, local market sensitivity, anticipation and exemplariness. Those capabilities should be combined and will play a different role depending on the implementation phase of the external company. Resource allocation and capability development should follow an integrative approach emphasizing proximity, adaptability, alliances, engagement and credibility to reach differentiation in foreign markets.

Originality/value

The originality is mainly focused on the cohabitation and strong synergies between DMCs and legitimacy. This aspect is particularly relevant because legitimized companies have higher levels of survival, which is fundamental in the international venture.
Measuring marketing performance: a better model
Authors: Pimenta da Gama António
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Marketing professionals are under pressure to implement methods and metrics that demonstrate the value of the function. This paper aims to propose a model to measure marketing performance, focusing on four categories of metrics and two types of factors that influence the effectiveness of the assessment process.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is organized in three parts. The first part includes a synthesis of the theoretical background on the subject. Next, the rationale and architecture of the model are presented, together with an explanation of the elements that compose it. A reflection on the work developed is presented in the last section.

Findings

Benefits regarding how to best assess marketing practice are considerable, as organizations with effective performance measurement systems tend to show better results than others. In this context, the choice of metrics is important, but it is also necessary to understand the mechanisms through which the effectiveness of the measurement process can be improved.

Originality/value

Literature has mainly focused attention on the effect of individual programs on specific measures or on conceptual models that do not sufficiently address all major elements in the marketing assessment process. This work extends previous contributions on the subject, presenting a model that combines metrics with factors underlying the measurement process.
Tapping the potential of rapid prototyping techniques in creating a paradigm shift in the fabrication of occlusal splints
Authors: Kaushik Ashish , Garg Ramesh Kumar
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aims to cover the overall gamut of rapid prototyping processes and biomaterials used for the fabrication of occlusal splints in a comprehensive manner and elucidate the characteristics of the materials, which are essential in determining their clinical efficacy when exposed to oral surroundings.

Design/methodology/approach

A collective analysis of published articles covering the use of rapid prototyping technologies in the fabrication of occlusal splints, including manufacturing workflow description and essential properties (mechanical- and thermal-based) evaluation of biocompatible splinting materials, was performed.

Findings

Without advances in rapid prototyping processes and materials engineering, occlusal splints would tend to underperform clinically due to biomechanical limitations.

Social implications

Three-dimensional printing can improve the process capabilities for commercial customization of biomechanically efficient occlusal splints.

Originality/value

Rapid technological advancement in dentistry with the extensive utilization of rapid prototyping processes, intra-oral scanners and novel biomaterial seems to be the potential breakthrough in the fabrication of customized occlusal splints which have endorsed occlusal splint therapy (OST) as a cornerstone of orthodontic treatment.
Factors affecting citizens’ intention to use e-government services: assessing the mediating effect of perceived usefulness and ease of use
Authors: Zubir Muhammad Hafiz Hariz , Abdul Latip Muhammad Safuan
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine how information and communication technology (ICT) coordination, information reliability, social pressure, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use affect citizens’ intentions to use e-government services.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is a quantitative type of study conducted through a causal study design. Noncontrived and cross-sectional methods were used, targeting Malaysian citizens who were 18 years of age or older. Due to an inaccessible sample frame, convenience sampling was used. After cleaning and removing necessary outliers, the final data set used for hypothesis testing consisted of 323 responses, which is considered sufficient as the study required a minimum sample size of 220.

Findings

A study has found that social pressure, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness positively affect people’s intention to use e-government services. The impact of social pressure is influenced by perceived usefulness and ease of use, suggesting that government agencies can encourage usage by improving perceived usefulness and leveraging social pressure. The study emphasizes the significance of perceived usefulness and social pressure in promoting adoption. To enhance the user experience, agencies can use targeted marketing, improve service quality, collaborate with communities and develop mobile applications.

Originality/value

The study underscores the importance of examining the relationship between perceived usefulness, ease of use and the popularity of e-government services while emphasizing the need to comprehend the impact of ICT coordination, information reliability and social pressure on the adoption of e-government applications in developing countries.
Implementing physical activity in nursing homes: a qualitative exploration of Turkish health care staff’ experiences
Authors: Arıkan Dönmez Ayşe , Aslan Funda
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Implementing physical activity in nursing homes (NHs) can improve functional capacity, quality of life and well-being and even control symptoms associated with chronic diseases in elderly people. Taking into consideration the increasing in number of NHs in Türkiye, it is obvious that this matter should be handled. The purpose of this study is to explore health-care staff’s perspectives on implementing physical activity in NHs.

Design/methodology/approach

A generic, qualitative study using face-to-face semi-structured interviews was conducted among 25 health-care staff. A theoretical sampling strategy was used to inform data collection. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis method.

Findings

Three main themes and seven sub-themes were generated from health-care staff’s narratives of implementing physical activity. Main themes were the lack of knowledge about physical activity, negative mindset and organizational requirements. Implementing physical activity in NHs contributes to a better quality of life for the residents and the protection and improvement of their health. However, a lack of knowledge, negative perceptions of both health-care staff and administrators about physical activity and the organizational requirement were recognized.

Originality/value

Findings from this study will enable administrators to recognize the potential challenges and make informed decisions to implement physical activity programs for NH residents from health-care staff’s perspectives who are working with elderly people.
Exploring machine learning methods for predicting systemic lupus erythematosus with herpes
Authors: Wang Da‐Cheng , Tang Yang‐Yang , He Cheng‐Song , Fu Lu , Liu Xiao‐Yan , Xu Wang‐Dong
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To investigate whether machine learning, which is widely used in disease prediction and diagnosis based on demographic data and serological markers, can predict herpes occurrence in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

A total of 286 SLE patients were included in this study, including 200 SLE patients without herpes and 86 SLE patients with herpes. SLE patients were randomly divided into a training group and a test group, and 18 demographic characteristics and serological indicators were compared between the two groups.

Results

We selected basophil, monocyte, white blood cell, age, immunoglobulin E, SLE Disease Activity Index, complement 4, neutrophil, and immunoglobulin G as the basic features of modeling. A random forest model had the best performance, but logistic and decision tree analyses had better clinical decision‐making benefits. Random forest had a good consistency between feature importance judgment and feature selection. The 10‐fold cross‐validation showed the optimization of five model parameters.

Conclusion

The random forest model may be an excellently performing model, which may help clinicians to identify SLE patients whose disease is complicated by herpes early.
Association between substance‐induced psychosis and suicide attempt: A Danish nation‐wide register‐based study
Authors: Munch Solvejg Dam , Madsen Trine , Nordentoft Merete , Erlangsen Annette , Hjorthøj Carsten
Published: August 2023

Background and aims

Substance‐induced psychosis has previously been linked to an excess risk of suicide; however, the association between substance‐induced psychosis and suicide attempt has hitherto not been investigated. We investigated whether substance‐induced psychosis was associated with a higher risk of subsequent suicide attempt.

Design

Nation‐wide prospective register‐based cohort study.

Setting

Denmark.

Participants

All people living in Denmark aged 13 years or more during 1995 to 2017.

Measurements

Substance‐induced psychosis and suicide attempts were identified through hospital records as ICD‐10 codes.

Findings

A total of 8900 (78.8% males) individuals were diagnosed with a substance‐induced psychosis, and 740 of these had a suicide attempt during follow‐up. People with a substance‐induced psychosis had a higher risk of a subsequent suicide attempt [hazard ratio (HR) = 13.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 12.4–14.4] when compared with the general population. The highest hazard ratios were found for psychosis induced by opioids (HR = 26.4, 95% CI = 18.2–38.2); alcohol (HR = 17.7, 95% CI = 15.2–20.6); sedatives (HR = 17.2, 95% CI = 8.9–33.0); and cocaine (HR = 15.6, 95% CI = 10.7–22.8), while cannabis‐induced psychosis was linked to an HR of 8.9 (95% CI = 7.7–10.3). Approximately 15% of patients with substance‐induced psychosis had had a suicide attempt within 20 years of their substance‐induced psychosis diagnosis.

Conclusions

In Denmark, substance‐induced psychosis appears to be strongly associated with subsequent suicide attempt, underscoring the importance of attention and better follow‐up for this patient group.
Vital signs and medical emergency response (MER) activation predict in‐hospital mortality in general surgery patients: a study of 15 969 admissions
Authors: Kovoor Joshua G. , Bacchi Stephen , Stretton Brandon , Gupta Aashray K. , Lam Lydia , Jiang Melinda , Lee Shane , To Minh‐Son , Ovenden Christopher D. , Hewitt Joseph N. , Goh Rudy , Gluck Samuel , Reid Jessica L. , Hugh Thomas J. , Dobbins Christopher , Padbury Robert T. , Hewett Peter J. , Trochsler Markus I. , Flabouris Arthas , Maddern Guy J.
Published: August 2023

Background

The applicability of the vital signs prompting medical emergency response (MER) activation has not previously been examined specifically in a large general surgical cohort. This study aimed to characterize the distribution, and predictive performance, of four vital signs selected based on Australian guidelines (oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure and heart rate); with those of the MER activation criteria.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted including patients admitted under general surgical services of two hospitals in South Australia over 2 years. Likelihood ratios for patients meeting MER activation criteria, or a vital sign in the most extreme 1% for general surgery inpatients (<0.5th percentile or > 99.5th percentile), were calculated to predict in‐hospital mortality.

Results

15 969 inpatient admissions were included comprising 2 254 617 total vital sign observations. The 0.5th and 99.5th centile for heart rate was 48 and 133, systolic blood pressure 85 and 184, respiratory rate 10 and 31, and oxygen saturations 89% and 100%, respectively. MER activation criteria with the highest positive likelihood ratio for in‐hospital mortality were heart rate ≤ 39 (37.65, 95% CI 27.71–49.51), respiratory rate ≥ 31 (15.79, 95% CI 12.82–19.07), and respiratory rate ≤ 7 (10.53, 95% CI 6.79–14.84). These MER activation criteria likelihood ratios were similar to those derived when applying a threshold of the most extreme 1% of vital signs.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that vital signs within Australian guidelines, and escalation to MER activation, appropriately predict in‐hospital mortality in a large cohort of patients admitted to general surgical services in South Australia.
Repeated robotic pancreatectomy for recurrent pancreatic metastasis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: A case report
Authors: Hayashida Sayuri , Ikenaga Naoki , Nakata Kohei , Nakamura So , Abe Toshiya , Ideno Noboru , Endo Makoto , Noguchi Shoko , Oda Yoshinao , Nakamura Masafumi
Published: August 2023

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare subset of sarcomas accounting for 3%–10% of all cases of chondrosarcomas. Radical resection is the only curative strategy, even in patients with metastatic tumors. However, data regarding treatment strategies remain limited owing to the small number of cases. Herein, we report a patient who underwent repeated robotic pancreatectomy for recurrent pancreatic metastasis originating from extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the pelvis. First, robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy with a reconstruction of pancreaticogastrostomy was performed for synchronous pancreatic metastasis 5 months after the primary resection of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Ten months after robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy, tumor recurrence was observed at the tail end of the pancreas, which was removed by reperforming robotic distal pancreatectomy. Given the precise tissue manipulation that can be achieved with robotic articulated forceps, the peripheral splenic artery and pancreas were easily isolated and divided in close proximity to the tumor. The central part of the pancreas was preserved. Robotic surgery allowed safe and effective resection of the reconstructed remnant pancreas. The patient survived for 28 months after primary tumor resection. Repeated pancreatectomy with minimally invasive techniques is a feasible and curative treatment for metastatic mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.
Usefulness of real‐time navigation using intraoperative ultrasonography for rectal cancer resection
Authors: Otani Kensuke , Kiyomatsu Tomomichi , Ishimaru Kazuhiro , Kataoka Atsuko , Hayashi Yuki , Gohda Yoshimasa
Published: August 2023

Introduction

At our institute, we usually perform robot‐assisted surgery for rectal cancer as minimally invasive surgery. It is necessary to recognize the tumor edge accurately when deciding where to place the distal cutting line of the rectum. In this article, with video presentation, we demonstrate the usefulness of intraoperative sonography (IOUS) for detecting the rectal tumor site in robotic surgery. This is the first report to discuss the IOUS image of rectal cancer.

Materials and Surgical Technique

After mobilization of the rectum in robotic procedure, the rectum should be straightened. Drop the laparoscopic ultrasonography probe through the 12‐mm assistant port and place it at the anterior wall of the rectum. By presenting operative and ultrasound findings simultaneously on a single monitor, the operator can recognize the tumor location accurately and decide on the cutting line. We report three cases in the supporting video presentation.

Discussion

Rectal tumors can be detected by IOUS, and this modality is effective for determining the cutting line of the rectum. Real‐time navigation by IOUS can be performed noninvasively and easily, so it is expected to be helpful in cases of robotic rectal cancer resection.
Effect of food and polymorphisms in SLCO2B1, CYP3A4 and UGT1A4 on pharmacokinetics of abiraterone and its metabolites in Chinese volunteers
Authors: Hu Yixin , Wu Jianyuan , Cheng Bingyu , You Rongli , Yin Xueyan , Chen Guiying , Yang Ling , Zhang Yang , Si Luqin , Jiang Hongliang , Zhang Yongjun , Huang Jianying , Huang Jiangeng
Published: August 2023

Aims

Abiraterone acetate, a prodrug of abiraterone (ABI), provides an efficient therapeutic option for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients. ABI undergoes extensive metabolism in vivo and is transformed into active metabolites Δ4‐abiraterone and 3‐keto‐5α‐abiraterone as well as inactive metabolites abiraterone sulfate and abiraterone N‐oxide sulfate. We aimed to examine the effect of polymorphisms in SLCO2B1, CYP3A4 and UGT1A4 on the pharmacokinetics of ABI and its metabolites.

Methods

In this study, 81 healthy Chinese subjects were enrolled and divided into 2 groups for fasted (n = 45) and fed (n = 36) studies. Plasma samples were collected after administering a 250 mg abiraterone acetate tablet followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Genotyping was performed on a MassARRAY system. The association between SLCO2B1, CYP3A4, UGT1A4 genotype and pharmacokinetic parameters of ABI and its metabolites was assessed.

Results

Food effect study demonstrated high fat meal remarkedly increased systemic exposure of ABI and its metabolites. The geometric mean ratio and 90% confidence interval of area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0‐t) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of ABI in fed state vs. fasted state were 351.64% (286.86%–431.04%) and 478.45% (390.01%–586.94%), respectively, while the corresponding results were ranging from 145.11% to 269.42% and 150.10% to 478.45% for AUC0‐t and Cmax of ABI metabolites in fed state vs. fasted state, respectively. The SLCO2B1 rs1077858 had a significant influence on AUC0‐t and Cmax, while 7 other SLCO2B1 variants prolonged half‐life of ABI under both fasted and fed conditions. As for ABI metabolites, the systemic exposure of Δ4‐abiraterone, abiraterone sulfate and abiraterone N‐oxide sulfate as well as the elimination of 3‐keto‐5α‐abiraterone were significantly affected by SLCO2B1 polymorphisms. Polymorphisms in CYP3A4 and UGT1A4 did not significantly affect pharmacokinetics of ABI and its metabolites.

Conclusion

Polymorphisms in SLCO2B1 were significantly related to the pharmacokinetic variability of ABI and its metabolites under both fasted and fed conditions.
Risk factors impacting the survival of implants replaced following failure: A retrospective study
Authors: Lee Dongseob , Ko Young‐Chang , Seol Yang‐Jo , Koo Ki‐Tae , Lee Yong‐Moo , Lee Jungwon
Published: August 2023

Aim

This study aimed to investigate factors influencing the survival of replaced dental implants.

Materials and Methods

Charts from 2005 to 2021 were reviewed. Replaced implants after removal for the first time were identified. Depending on their survival, the replaced group was divided into the surviving and second‐removal groups. Risk factors affecting survival of replaced implants were evaluated considering clustering of multiple implants within patients.

Results

The present study included 464 replaced implants of 370 patients, of which 429 and 35 implants were categorized into the surviving group and the second‐removal group. The 5‐year survival rate was 90.2 ± 0.18% in replaced implants at sites with a periodontitis history and 97.0 ± 0.15% at sites without a periodontitis history (p = 0.008). The 5‐year survival rate was 89.1 ± 0.27% in replaced implants with guided bone regeneration (GBR) at first implant placement and 93.9 ± 0.14% at non‐GBR (p = 0.032). The 5‐year survival rate was 97.6 ± 0.13% in replaced implants with GBR and 90.3 ± 0.17% in replaced implants without GBR (p = 0.026). In the multivariable analysis adjusted for clinical variables, periodontitis history (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 3.417; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.161–10.055), GBR at first implant placement (aHR = 2.152; 95% CI = 1.052–4.397) and non‐GBR at primary implant replacement (aHR = 0.262; 95% CI = 0.088–0.778) were identified as independent risk factors for second implant removal.

Conclusions

Periodontitis history, GBR at first implant placement and non‐GBR at primary implant replacement were identified as risk factors affecting the survival of replaced implants.