bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Identification of Bacteriocin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Urutan, Balinese Traditional Fermented sausage
Authors: Dwijastuti Ni Made Sri , Sujaya I Nengah , Fatmawati Ni Nengah Dwi
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that could produce bacteriocins from urutan. Urutan is a Balinese sausage that is traditionally produced and naturally fermented. Urutans used in this study were obtained from several traders in the Baturiti, Mengwi, and Tegallalang region, Bali. More than 300 LAB colonies were isolated and underwent inhibition test against the growth of the indicator bacteria. Crude bacteriocins from two isolates, namely J2 and J6, showed inhibition zones against the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum E12.1 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739. The J6 isolate also inhibited the growth of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Both J2 and J6 were gram-positive, bacilli shaped, and showed negative catalase test. Based on the results of the 16S rDNA gene amplification, the two isolates were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum.

Keywords: Lactic Acid Bacteria, Bacteriocin, Lactobacillus plantarum, Urutan
Heavy Metal Concentration (Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn) In Water And Sediments In Serangan Waters, Bali
Authors: Indrawan Gede Surya , Putra I Nyoman Giri
Published: April 2021

Heavy metal pollution can disturb aquatic ecosystems and indicator of water quality. This study aims to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, Zn) in water and sediments. This study was conducted in the waters of Serangan, South Denpasar District, Bali in June-August 2019. The research with each location taking 8 points of water and sediment sampling and measuring the quality of its waters. Water samples taken at the surface of the water as much as 330 ml and sediment samples taken as much as 500 grams. The method used is wet ashing preparation and analyzed by means of AAS (Atomic Absorbsion Spektrophotometri). The results of the average analysis of heavy metal concentrations in water are Pb 0 mg / L, Cd 0.438 mg / L, Cu 0 mg./L, and Zn 0.284 mg / L. The results of the analysis are compared with the standard quality value of sea water that the heavy metals Cd and Zn have exceeded the threshold. While the average concentration of heavy metals in sediments are Pb 17.444 mg / kg, Cd 18.093 mg / kg, Cu 113.981 mg / kg, and Zn 53.505 mg / kg. The concentration of Cd and Cu heavy metals exceeds the limits set by the ANZECC / ARMCANZ quality guidelines and the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.
Profil Metabolit Daun Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) Berdasarkan Analisis Histokimia dan In Silico
Authors: Rahayu Tintrim , Pratiwi Radita Intan Aisyah , Mubarakati Nurul Jadid
Published: April 2021

Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa) is a plant belonging to the Sapindaceae familia. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolite compounds found in kesambi leaves through histochemical analysis and derivatives of active compounds in silico. Descriptive experimental research method was conducted in January using samples of kesambi plants that grow on the island of Madura. Histochemical analysis was carried out by preparing fresh leaves through lower leaf incisions with secondary metabolite detection reagents (CuSO4, FeCl3, Wagner, Sudan III, AlCl3 & FeCl3+NaCO3) then microscopic color changes were observed. In silico testing aims to determine the interaction of active compounds with ER? as a target for ER + breast cancer therapy through molecular docking. Supporting software used is KNApSAcK, Pubchem, Pass Online, PDB ID, PyRx, PyMol and Chimera 1.14. The results showed that through histochemical analysis six secondary metabolite compounds were identified, namely terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, lipophils and phenols. While in silico analysis, the active compound is scopoletin which is derived from phenol, beta-sitosterol, betulin, betulinic acid, lupeol, lupeol acetate, schleicheol 1&2, schleicherastatin 1-7 which are derivatives of terpenoids. Based on the results of molecular docking, there are interactions of active compounds with 3ERT protein, the compounds that provide the most effective results as candidates for breast cancer drugs are lupeol acetate with a value of Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) lb 1,588 Å and ub 2,219 Å . Lupeol acetate compound is predicted to have activity as an Er? inhibitor against ER+ breast cancer.

Keywords: Kesambi (Schleichera oleosa), histochemistry, molecular docking and ER?.
Kupu-Kupu Sebagai Daya Tarik Ekowisata Di Kawasan Pariwisata Lebih, Gianyar, Bali
Authors: Dalem Anak Agung Gde Raka
Published: April 2021

Penelitian tentang kupu-kupu sebagai daya tarik ekowisata di kawasan pariwisata Lebih, Gianyar dilaksanakan pada tahun 2019. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis kupu-kupu yang ditemukan di kawasan tersebut serta mengetahui potensinya sebagai daya tarik ekowisata.  Sampel kupu-kupu diambil melalui eksplorasi lokasi-lokasi penelitian, serta data lain diambil melalui wawancara. Kupu-kupu yang ditemukan di lokasi ini diidentifikasi kemudian dicatat.  Potensi kupu-kupu sebagai daya tarik ekowisata dianalisis berdasarkan persepsi wisatawan.  Lokasi dimana kupu-kupu telah dipakai sebagai daya tarik ekowisata, serta bagaimana membuat paket ekowisata berbasis kupu-kupu (jika ada) dilaporkan.   Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ada 30 species kupu-kupu teridentifikasi di Kawasan Pariwisata Lebih. Berdasarkan hasil observasi serta wawancara dapat disimpulkan, bahwa ekowisata berbasis kupu-kupu atau produk ekowisata berbasis kupu-kupu sudah ada satu buah di Kawasan Pariwisata Lebih. Kawasan Pariwisata Lebih memiliki potensi untuk mengembangkan ekowisata berbasis kupu-kupu.  Potensi ini dapat dilihat dari adanya kupu-kupu beragam, 30 jenis sebagai atraksi ekowisata.  Potensi  ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan keberadaan atraksi lainnya termasuk diantaranya keberadaan atraksi budaya dan atraksi buatan.  Dari segi aksesibilitas: Kawasan Pariwisata Lebih termasuk relatif mudah diakses, khususnya oleh fasilitas transport yang dikelola berbasis online.  Keberadaan fasilitas pariwisata di kawasan Lebih telah meningkat.  Dukungan untuk pengembangan Kawasan Pariwisata Lebih telah diberikan oleh pemerintah. Setelah menetapkan sembilan desa serta beberapa desa di sekitarnya sebagai kawasan pariwisata, pemerintah serta pihak-pihak lainnya telah mengembangkan fasilitas dan menyelenggarakan even-even pariwisata pada kawasan ini.

 

Kata Kunci— Bali, ekowisata, Kawasan Pariwisata Lebih, kupu-kupu, potensi ekowisata
2. Speaking of God in the Post-Human Era: An Examination of Radical Life Extension in Relation to Key Theological Concepts and Narratives
Authors: Barton Kaitlyn
Published: April 2021

Rapid advancements in radical life extension technologies contribute to humanity’s ever-changing world. The normalization of radical life extension technologies would signify that the present era in which biology and evolution act as dictators of human life and health would come to an end, thereby ushering in the age of the post-human. The purpose of this paper is to engage in a theological analysis of how and to what degree the ways in which humanity speaks about God could be changed or influenced if radical life extension becomes normative within society. . It is likely that this powerful technology would have a significant impact on many facets of culture, including the way in which humanity engages with religion, in particular Christianity. To accomplish this, the technology that could potentially support radical life extension, namely nanotechnology and cybernetic immortality, will be explained in terms of their relevance and function. Subsequently, the affects of radical life extension for human life will be addressed. Specifically, the implications of the partial or full eradication of human biological and psychological suffering and death through the use of cybernetic immortality and nanotechnology and will be considered. From there, the core theological concepts and narratives will be analyzed in the context of the potential actualization of radical life extension technology. A focus will be placed on the ethic of loving thy neighbour, Christ’s suffering on the cross, the hope of salvation and the Christian hope of entrance into heaven after death.
3. Ottawa through the Eyes of Refugee Children
Authors: Berti Rosalynn
Published: April 2021

The objective of this research was to expand our understanding of the lived experiences of refugee children arriving in Canada. For this study, I collected drawings from thirteen recently arrived refugee children living in a transitional house in downtown Ottawa, Ontario. The children were prompted to draw a picture of their experience of arriving in Canada. Nine of the thirteen drawings portrayed a narrative of journey through the drawing of flags and various forms of transportation. Five of the children included a drawing of themselves, their facial expressions conveying how they felt about arriving in Canada. Six of the drawings portrayed positive emotions, the children expressing thankfulness or eagerness to be in Canada. Four of the drawings did not present a clearly distinguishable tone, suggesting neutrality or avoidance of the task. Three of the drawings portrayed negative emotions, including fear and grief. These drawings demonstrate that the experience of arriving in Canada is complex, not easily simplified to broad generalizations. The participants told unique stories and expressed an array of emotions ranging from excitement to grief, justifying an approach focused on the individual lived experiences. This research project provided space for thirteen children to tell their stories, stepping out from behind the veil of statistics-directed, adult-directed, or outsider-directed narratives and personalizing the refugee resettlement process.
5. The Effect of Climate Variability on Lake Water Balances and Water Quality in the Apex River Watershed, Baffin Island, Nunavut
Authors: Boomer Hannah
Published: April 2021

Iqaluit, Nunavut is currently facing a water shortage as its population rises, and its drinking water reservoir, Lake Geraldine, is increasingly insufficient. The City of Iqaluit is currently looking into alternative sources of drinking water to supplement this reservoir. This study investigates the effects of inter-annual climate variability on the water chemistry of twenty Arctic lakes in a continuous permafrost region, and the potential implications of these changes on drinking water availability. The twenty lakes are located in the Niaqunguk (Apex) river watershed, Baffin Island, Nunavut (which is adjacent to the Lake Geraldine watershed at Iqaluit) were sampled annually during late July between 2014-2017. Ion concentrations and stable isotopes were measured for each lake annually throughout the study period to compare variability between lakes and between years. Water chemical and physical properties are used to gain insight into the inputs and outputs of each lake, and the changes in estimated water balance between years. This information will be used to determine the impact of different hydrological conditions on water chemistry. Results of water isotope tracers of the twenty lakes indicate that there are important year-to-year changes in the water stable isotopes, indicating inter-annual variations in evaporation rates, suggesting that these lakes are sensitive to changes in summer climatic conditions. Preliminary analyses of the ionic concentrations of the lakes suggest that ion concentrations generally decrease throughout the study period, and largely vary together, signifying the hydrological processes controlling the lake water balances are related to climate variability. This research will provide insights into the hydrologic response of lakes in a continuous permafrost region to long-term climatic change.
10. Religious Commitment as a Positive Health Asset for Children: A Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data
Authors: MacVicar Frances
Published: April 2021

"During the summer of 2017 Frances Macvicar worked with Dr. Sharday Mosurinjohn and Dr. Valerie Michaelson on a project about religious commitment as a positive health asset for young people. She performed a secondary analysis of qualitative data from over fifty adolescent boys and girls from across Canada. While, as expected, overall religious commitment was not important to many young people, for those who did find it important, its protective effects were strong. Currently, Frances Macvicar, Sharday Mosurinjohn, Valerie Michaelson, and colleagues from the Department of Public Health Sciences are co-writing a paper that treats this data in conjunction with quantitative data from another much larger study. Further directions suggested by the project include exploring ways to account for the relationships between religion, spirituality, and health in educational settings."
The Magic Circle: An Exploration in Immersive Theatre
Authors: Baker Amanda
Published: April 2021

When discussing theatre, most people will imagine a traditional audience-actor relationship, likely in a proscenium setting; the actors on stage inhabit the world of the story while audience members remain passive bystanders. Immersive theatre challenges this convention by bringing the audience into the world of the story. Comparable to being immersed in water, the audience members are fully submerged in this new world; senses are engaged and heightened, and curiosity is peaked. The audience becomes a part of the story world alongside the actors as the border between the real and the fictional becomes blurred. In the world of games and digital media, this border is known as the “magic circle”, a space with unique rules and values separate from day-to-day reality. Though this metaphor was created to describe a game space, it can be argued that audience members in immersive theatre performances have become “players” themselves.

 In this project, I explore the “play” aspect of immersive theatre, with a particular focus in the area of pervasive gaming. This project includes research from a variety of theatre practitioners, theorists, and game designers including Janet Murray, Josephine Machon, Katie Salen and Eric Zimmerman. Inspired by that research, I am creating a pervasive game designed to be played in and around the city of Kingston. The goal of this project is to further understand the ways in which theatre and gaming are intrinsically linked while experimenting with form and pushing the boundaries of the magic circle.
Targeted Killings in International Law: Considering Extra-judicial Killings on Canadians Abroad
Authors: Esmail Karina
Published: April 2021

The use of targeted killings has become more typical since the US declaration of a “Global War on Terror”. States such as the US and Israel have employed targeted killings as a means to combat the growing threat of international Islamic terrorism; the US has transitioned from a law enforcement paradigm to a law of war paradigm, through the Congress’ Authorization on the Use of Military Force. Although the legality of targeted killings is still contested in the international community, I argue that while the law enforcement paradigm is ineffective at containing the growing threat of terrorism, the law of war paradigm disregards international law and risks the protections of civilians unnecessarily. More constraints are needed through international law in order to maintain the core principles of the international humanitarian framework, while still combating terrorism and expanding the existing framework to cover non international armed conflicts such as that between al-Qaeda and the US. This can be done through the establishment of a new paradigm, called the continuous hostilities paradigm. If the existing international principles such as distinction, proportionality, military necessity and humanity are considered, targeted killings can be legal under international law. However, the indiscriminate killing of suspected terrorists by States cannot be considered legal, and it is crucial to consider the necessity of the protection of civilians
Countering Violent Extremism in Canada and Abroad
Authors: Ibrahim Nora Abdelrahman
Published: April 2021

Terrorism and violent extremism have undoubtedly become among the top security concerns of the 21st century. Despite a robust agenda of counterterrorism since the September 11, 2001 attacks, the evolution of global terrorism has continued to outpace the policy responses that have tried to address it. Recent trends such as the foreign fighter phenomenon, the rampant spread of extremist ideologies online and within communities, and a dramatic increase in terrorist incidents worldwide, have led to a recognition that “traditional” counterterrorism efforts are insufficient and ineffective in combatting these phenomena. Consequently, the focus of policy and practice has shifted towards countering violent extremism by addressing the drivers of radicalization to curb recruitment to extremist groups. Within this context, the field of countering violent extremism (CVE) has garnered attention from both the academic and policy-making worlds.

While the CVE field holds promise as a significant development in counterterrorism, its policy and practice are complicated by several challenges that undermine the success of its initiatives. Building resilience to violent extremism is continuously challenged by an overly securitized narrative and unintended consequences of previous policies and practices, including divisive social undercurrents like Islamophobia, xenophobia, and far-right sentiments. These by-products make it increasingly difficult to mobilize a whole of society response that is so critical to the success and sustainability of CVE initiatives. This research project addresses these policy challenges by drawing on the CVE strategies of Canada, the US, the UK, and Denmark to collect best practice and lessons learned in order to outline a way forward.
Bitter Dudes Leaking Nudes: An Analysis of the Laws Targeting Revenge Pornography in Ontario
Authors: Morassutti Erica
Published: April 2021

The non-consensual sharing of intimate images on the Internet presents a uniquely invasive and perpetual kind of privacy invasion. It occurs when a photograph or video depicting nudity or sexual activity – often consensually taken and shared privately with one individual – is then distributed online without the victim’s knowledge or consent. Often intended by a spurned ex-partner to humiliate the victim, the practice is referred to colloquially as “revenge porn”. This paper analyzes recent legal responses to revenge pornography in Ontario.
When it is Appropriate to Racially Appropriate: Reverse Colonial Miscegenation in Bram Stoker’s Dracula
Authors: Harrison-Priddle Cole A.
Published: April 2021

This presentation uses Victorian science to examine the racial conflict between Dracula and England in Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula. The novel’s horror situates itself in the context of Late Victorian England and its contemporary fear of Reverse Colonization: the fear that England’s empire, already in its onset of decline, will be invaded and colonized by an uncivilized other people. The development of evolutionary theory stimulated concern that the opposite of evolution – degeneration – was not only possible, but already in effect. Stoker expresses England’s decline in accord with degeneration theory by portraying English men as weary. He establishes fear of Reverse Colonization by portraying Dracula to possess the animalistic vitality England lacks. Dracula invades and disrupts notions of English identity by mirroring the nation’s intelligence and consuming its women’s blood. Blood symbolizes racial identity, political allegiance, and, according to persisting medieval medical theory, semen. Thus, Dracula effectively consumes English racial identity, causes his victims to politically defect, and proliferates the vampire race through rape when sucking women’s blood. The lattermost invasion tactic is facilitated, according to contemporary studies of craniology, by women’s latent sexuality and criminality. Despite critics’ assertions that Dracula portrays miscegenation (the interbreeding of different races) as racial annihilation, the birth of Quincey Harker from mixed racial inputs at the novel’s end symbolizes the revitalization of the English race. The novel thus responds to contemporary degeneration theory by proposing miscegenation (with vital races and in which England remains the dominant racial input) as a solution to Late Victorian decline.
The Duplicitous Nature of the Familiar Urban Object: the Shopping Cart at Bennett’s Food Market, Where Food Buying is Most Satisfactory
Authors: Singh Ella Mackay
Published: April 2021

When Sylvan Goldman invented the first shopping cart in the 1930s, it is unlikely he envisioned its eventual entrance into the rivers and swamps. Though advertised as a solution for the arm-weary shopper, the function was no doubt two-fold in truth: while the explicit function of the shopping cart was to ease the load for supermarket shoppers, the more implicit function was to ease them into buying more. However, the customers at Bennett’s Food Market in Kingston, Ontario – at the corner of Charles and Bagot through the early 1900s to the early 2000s – helped to turn those expectations upside down. Through an extensive collection of oral history interviews, The Swamp Ward and Inner Harbour History Project has catalogued the neighbourhoods’ long-standing relationship with carts, but also the long-standing relationship with the grocery store that provided them. By focusing in on what first appears as a familiar urban object and considering it specifically in the context of Bennett’s Food Market, the shopping cart is revealed as far more than a basket on wheels. Shopping carts can nurture people not just by being filled up with food that’s then bought and consumed, and they can support a weight that’s not just of groceries, but that’s human.
Examining a Universal Design for Learning Approach in Music Education
Authors: Miedema Miriam
Published: April 2021

typical classroom in Ontario is filled with a variety of learners with diverse needs. These various needs require teachers to differentiate instruction or create a universal design for learning (UDL) so that all students can participate. As a result, research is needed to explore and describe successful programs that can support all learners. One way to do this is to develop pedagogical practices for atypical learners and examine how these could be broadened for more typical learners. This research examines a series of general music lessons, including singing, playing percussion instruments and musical games, for atypical twelve-year-old learners. An Action Research methodology was used to examine six weeks of lessons taught to three students by the primary researcher. Data were collected using reflective journals, portfolios and videos of the sessions. Thematic analysis was conducted to examine similarities and differences in learner profiles, trends in the content of the lessons and pedagogical development over time, as well as to define some strategies or activities that could form the basis of a UDL approach. Despite the students’ atypical learning profiles, only minor accommodations were required during lessons. Overall, this research demonstrates the value of a pedagogical approach that articulates learning goals while allowing the path to achieving those goals to be different for each student, reinforcing the importance of the UDL approach. Moreover, the action research methodology highlights the importance of incorporating opportunities to work with atypical students in music teacher education, so that future teachers can develop a UDL approach.
Study of chlorophylls and carotenoids in Sansevieria hyacinthoides leaves
Authors: Velma V. , Kyslychenko V. , Velma S. , Popyk А.
Published: April 2021

Topicality. Sansevieria hyacinthoides (L.) Druce belongs to the Asparagaceae family. The plant is native to African countries. It has been introduced and naturalized in some countries of America, Asia, Australia and Europe. This species is grown as an ornamental plant in many countries, and as a medicinal plant in Africa.
Aim. To determine the quantitative content of chlorophylls a and b and the amount of carotenoids in Sansevieria hyacinthoides leaves freshly collected and dried.
Materials and methods. The quantitative content was determined by the spectrophotometric method. This method allows determining the amount of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids by the characteristics of the absorption spectra without their prior separation.
Results and discussion. The amount of chlorophyll a and b in the dried leaves was almost 7 times higher than in the freshly collected ones (1.82 ± 0.036 mg/g vs. 0.25 ± 0.005 mg/g, and 2.08 ± 0.038 mg/g vs. 0.29 ± 0.006 mg/g, respectively). The quantitative content of the amount of carotenoids differed by 3.6 times (0.05 ± 0.001 mg/g in freshly collected leaves, and 0.18 ± 0.004 mg/g in the dried raw material).
Conclusions. The quantitative content of the amount of carotenoids, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in freshly collected and dried leaves of Sansevieria hyacinthoides has been determined by the spectrophotometric method. The dried plant raw material of Sansevieria leaves has a higher content of biologically active substances: chlorophyll a – 1.82 ± 0.036 mg/g, chlorophyll b – 2.08 ± 0.038 mg/g, and the amount of carotenoids – 0.18 ± 0.004 mg/g.
Prospects of creating a new medicine based on biologically active substances of bearberry leaves for correction of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Chaika N. , Koshovyi O. , Mazen M. , Kravchenko A. , Kovalyova A. , Kireyev I.
Published: April 2021

Topicality. The metabolic syndrome is pathogenetically interrelated metabolic disorders in the condition of a sick person. A large set of factors is involved in its occurrence. Risk factors include genetic predisposition, overeating, insulin resistance, obesity, bad habits, hypodynamics, stress and unfavorable environmental conditions. First of all, defects of the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism provoke a cascade of genetic, metabolic, hormonal, nervous, inflammatory and other reactions and disorders in cells, tissues and organs, causing the metabolic syndrome and associated diseases, such as diabetes, kidney and gallstone disease, hypertension, platelet hyperaggregation, etc. Therefore, the rational use of synthetic and herbal medicines in the complex correction of these disorders can slow down the development of the metabolic syndrome.
Aim. To develop the method for obtaining a dry modified extract from bearberry, study its chemical composition, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in order to determine the prospects of its use for the correction of the metabolic syndrome.
Materials and methods. The study object was a dry extract of bearberry leaves modified with cysteine. HPLC and spectrophotometry were used to analyze the extract obtained. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of dry extracts of bearberry was studied in rats with insulin resistance.
Results and discussion. The method for obtaining a dry modified extract from bearberry leaves was developed by adding cysteine. Phenologlycoside (arbutin), 2 phenolic acids (gallic and ellagic), 6 flavonoids, 8 saponins were identified in the extract, and their quantitative content was determined. Hyperoside and catechin were dominant among flavonoids, and ursolic acid, uvaol, and lupeol prevailed among saponins. The content of the main groups of phenolic compounds was determined in the extract by spectrophotometry. The introduction of the dry extract from bearberry leaves modified with cysteine has a normalizing effect on metabolic disorders on the background of a high-fructose diet; therefore, it can be a promising agent for the correction of the metabolic syndrome.
Conclusions. As a result of the research conducted, a new dry extract from bearberry leaves modified with cysteine has been created. The phytochemical composition, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the extract have been studied, indicating the prospects for its use to correct the metabolic syndrome.
The quality assurance of the medicinal composition using the “Antimicrobial activity” indicator
Authors: Koval A. S. , Birukova S. V. , Voyda Y. V.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the work is to determine the spectrum and strenght of antimicrobial activity of the studied compositions, to compare them with the activity of substancesand to select the most optimal concentration for further combination with each other.
Topicality. Nowadays, one of the most common skin diseases is acne and demodicosis, the manifestations of which can be mild (comedones in seborrheic areas), more noticeable (papules-pustular rash) and severe (large cyanotic infiltrative elements in the back, prone to abscessing and scarring). The prevalence of acne and demodicosis currently reaches 90%. With these skin pathologies, it is desirable to use safe and effective drugs for external therapy, which provide rapid improvement of the skin (reduction of inflammation without side effects) to obtain a rapid and high-quality therapeutic effect. In the course of our research, we selected 3 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs): metronidazole, benzyl benzoate and benzoyl peroxide - according to the purpose of ICD-10 and their effectiveness in these pathologies. Mild medicines have an advantage over dermatological diseases such as acne and demodicosis because the use of soft medicines is local, namely a targeted effect on the microbial microflora.
At present for production of soft medicines for local application such substances as macromolecular compounds are widely used, plasticizers, surfactants,etc. When creating a drug composition, a study was conducted aimed at obtaining soft medicines with certain consumer properties, in particular physicochemical (pH, osmotic activity, homogeneity,etc.) , physical and mechanical properties (rheological parameters).
Materials for the study – soft medicines based on cetyl alcohol, Emulgade Sucro Plus, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Carboxymethylcellulose, Tween 80, Triethanolamine, Propylene glycol, vaseline oil, which as (API) contains metronidazole, benzoyl peroxide, benzylbenzene. The specific antimicrobial activity of the samples was tested in accordance with Order № 167 of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated 05.04.2007 by the standard macromethod of serial dilutions in liquid nutrient medium and by the method of diffusion into agar. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of API (substrates) was determined.
Results. The studied compositions of soft medicines and substrates revealed to presence of antibacterial (bacteriostatic) action against the test strains of microorganisms.
Conclusions. The test of the compositions of soft medicines and the substance revealed the presence of a slight antibacterial (bacteriostatic) effect against the test strains of microorganisms.
Key words: antimicrobial activity; active pharmaceutical ingredients (API); excipients; soft dosage form
The pharmacoepidemiological analysis of the influenza pharmacotherapy in Ukraine
Authors: Balitska O. , Zlahoda V. , Hryhoruk Yu. , Cordon O.
Published: April 2021

Influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARIs) are the most common among human diseases that require timely medical attention and treatment with the most effective drugs.
The aim of the study is pharmacoepidemiological analysis of drugs for the treatment of influenza registered in Ukraine.
Materials and methods of research. The study was based on data from the State Register of Medicines of Ukraine, information on the results of the epidemic season of influenza and acute respiratory infections of the Center for Public Health of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, declared drugs under the International Nonproprietary or Common Name in Ukraine as of January 2021.  Methods: retrospective, descriptive and frequency analyzes.
Results and discussion. A pharmacoepidemiological analysis of influenza drugs in Ukraine was conducted. It was found that the incidence of influenza and SARS during the study period decreased by 3.1% of the total population. Fatalities due to influenza and SARS increased by 41 cases during the study period, which may be related to the coronavirus pandemic. According to the results of a marketing study of antiviral drugs, it was found that the largest share in the structure of registered trade names are interferons (11 trade names).
Conclusions. The analysis of the market showed that among the antiviral drugs registered in Ukraine for the studied period the dominance of domestic drugs is noted - 54% (respectively of foreign origin - 46%).
Analysis of the distribution of domestic analogues of antiviral drugs by manufacturers found that the largest (5 and 4 TN) belongs to LLC "Research and production company" Interpharmbiotek and FZ "Biopharma" Ltd., Ukraine, Bila Tserkva.
Key words: influenza; pharmacoepidemiological analysis; antiviral drugs
Aspects of the implementation of economic models for health technology assessment in clinical trials of medicines
Authors: Shtrimaitis O. V. , Dobrova V. Ye.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the work is to scientifically substantiate the basic aspects of developing a methodology for including сost-effectiveness analysis in key processes of clinical trials of medicines.
Results. It is established that Ukrainian regulatory system and methodological support of clinical trials with included сost-effectiveness analysis is based on separate regulations in the field of clinical trial and health technology assessment. At the same time, there is no methodological support for the management of сost-effectiveness analysis alongside clinical trials, which would take into account the peculiarities of planning, organizing and conducting such studies. The algorithm of substantiation, development and inclusion of basic components of the analysis of economic effectiveness in the basic processes of planning and the organization of clinical trial of medicines is offered. Emphasis is placed on the need for a proper strategy for analyzing the economic efficiency of the studied medical technologies in clinical trials. The importance of proper selection of economic evaluation models (cost minimization, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) in accordance with the purpose of the clinical trial, the primary hypothesis and the selected primary and secondary endpoints is determined.
Conclusions. It is determined that there are certain problems of methodological and organizational nature for the development of clinical trials with included сost-effectiveness analysis and economic endpoints. The solution of these tasks should begin at the planning stage of the study by implementing the basic step-by-step recommendations. Innovative treatment technologies that have potential health benefits are often investigated in clinical trials. Thus, the introduction of pharmacoeconomic analysis methods into the structure of traditional clinical trials is an additional important tool to ensure the effective functioning and development of health technology assessment. In further research it is planned to develop scientific and practical approaches to ensure the proper implementation of management processes of сost-effectiveness analysis alongside clinical trial and analysis of data on their results.
Keywords: clinical trials; health technology assessment; algorithms; economic models; procedures
MODERNIZATION OF THE STATE ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTION IN THE ERA OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 TO ENHANCE THE PROGRESS OF INDONESIAN LEGAL CIVILIZATION
Authors: Supandi
Published: April 2021

Information technology has changed all aspects of human life, including law and government. The transformation of conventional government into electronic government (e-government) is one of the public policy issues that dovelop continuosly in various countries all over the world. In exercising judicial power in Indonesia, Supreme Court has taken an initiative to develop public services through information technology networks by implementation of electronic court system. As one of the judicial institutions under the Supreme Court, the Administrative Court has also modernized the implementation of its duties to enforce law and justice. The modernizations in the Administrative Court include five issues that will be mainly discussed in this research, namely: (1) the development of the authority of the Administrative Court; (2) Progressive decisions in the Administrative Court; (3) Evolution of thought and work culture in the Administrative Court; (4) e-court, paperless and green courts; and (5) Electronic decision and electronic evidence in the Administrative Court.
ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MAIN DUTIES AND JUDICIAL INSTITUTION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Sudarsono  , Halim Abdul
Published: April 2021

One of the important elements in the Electronic Court System (e-Court) is the electronic signature as regulated in article 26 of the Supreme Court Regulation No. 1 of 2019.  In addition to the electronic litigation system, electronic signatures will also be very useful in the implementation of basic tasks of the judiciary, both in trial administration and general administration of the court. This research will discuss electronic signature in court administration as the main topic and will be elaborated with several related topics which include the task of the judicial institution, the electronic signature in the judicial system, person in charge of electronic signature in court administration, and the validity of documents with an electronic signature.  The result of the research shows that electronic signature is crucial on implementation of court functions which are judicial function, regulatory function, and executive function performed by the court. Electronic signature creates the process of the case, trial, and general administration in court become more effective, efficient, and eco-friendly, and it also will increase public trust and security of the electronic transaction.   Judicial documents that are electronically signed by authorized officials have legal force and legal consequences that can be used for legal remedies, evidence, and so on. For these reasons, it is necessary for the Supreme Court issuing the regulation on the implementation of electronic signatures in judicial institutions in performing their main tasks and functions.
IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT OF GOODS / SERVICES LAW AS A STATE ADMINISTRATIVE DISPUTE
Authors: Fajrurrahman Febby
Published: April 2021

Goods/Services Procurement is one kind classifications of state administrative disputes whose resolutions are often incomplete, and even do not provide benefits for those who submit them. It's affected by long trial time compared to the short duration of the procurement process and the implementation of government projects, as well as a different paradigm of Administrative Judges addressing the context of Goods/ Services Procurement as a rule of public law or private law. Synchronizing the paradigms about the legal context in the procurement of goods/services among the Administrative Judges, are vital for the benefit and certainty of law in the settlement of administrative disputes over goods/services procurement.
Influência de medicamentos no risco de queda em idosos
Authors: Falleiros Isadora de Figueiredo Infante , Selicani Malu Labecca , Costa Mauro Lúcio Alves da , Barbosa Rita de Cássia Chaves Garcia , Santos Gérsika Bitencourt
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Revisar a influência de medicamentos no risco de queda em pacientes idosos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura que teve como busca bibliográfica as bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Google Acadêmico. Foram utilizados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2002 a 2021 que tivessem relação com o uso de medicamentos e o risco de queda em idosos. Resultados: Dentre os 21 artigos selecionados para a revisão de literatura, todos eles demonstram que o risco de queda é aumentado em idosos que utilizam medicamentos, dentre eles os benzodiazepínicos e anti-hipertensivos. Considerações Finais: Os idosos que utilizam algumas classes de medicamentos têm um aumentado de risco de queda se comparados com indivíduos da mesma idade que não utilizam tais medicamentos. Portanto, é de extrema relevância a prescrição correta de medicamentos para evitar os danos causados pelas quedas nos indivíduos da terceira idade.
Assistência de enfermagem no trauma raquimedular: uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela Santos , Tassara Kennia Rodrigues , Ansaloni Lívia Vieira Simões , De Moraes Pedro Henrique Ataides , De Oliveira Ricardo Ansaloni , Matias Paulienne Ramos da Silva
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Compreender e retratar a assistência de enfermagem prestada a pacientes vítimas de trauma raquimedular. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, por meio da análise de pesquisas que abordavam acerca da temática proposta no período de publicações entre 2009 a 2019. Resultados: A revisão demostrou que o enfermeiro se torna protagonista no cuidado ao paciente, atuando frente as necessidades e no planejamento de cuidados específicos e individualizados ao paciente vítima de Trauma Raquimedular (TRM) e a sua família, o que exige do profissional a contínua busca de conhecimento acerca dos três momentos que o paciente enfrenta: o pós-trauma imediato, a hospitalização e a reabilitação. Considerações finais: Torna-se fundamental, portanto, que o profissional de enfermagem busque se atualizar permanentemente, a fim de garantir um melhor plano de cuidados, sendo integralizado e individualizado de acordo com as necessidades do mesmo, lhe assegurando uma melhor adaptação as limitações impostas e a sua reinserção na sociedade.
Transposição de grandes vasos: uma comparação entre as técnicas operatórias
Authors: Pimenta Laura Cattony , Pimenta Victor Hugo Duarte , Tristão João Luiz de ´Pinho Tavares , Pimenta Sofia Helena Rugeri , Da Silva Alice Cesário , Santana Luan Cabral , Macedo Pedro Henrique Lopes , Maciel Ewerton Ribeiro , Santos Fernando Augusto de Vasconcellos
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Discutir e sintetizar os aspectos da transposição, enumerando os sinais e sintomas, métodos diagnósticos e tratamentos, além de descrever a aplicabilidade, a técnica utilizada e possíveis evoluções da correção cirúrgica. Revisão Bibliográfica: Foi realizada uma revisão literária narrativa com busca nas bases de dados Scielo, Public/Publisher MEDLINE (PubMed), National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) e Springer, entre os anos 1981 e 2020, com os descritores ‘Transposição de Grandes Vasos”, “Transposição de Grandes Artérias”, “Técnicas operatórias TGV”, “Arterial Switch Operation” e “Cirurgia de Lecompte”. Esta entidade patológica engloba múltiplas alterações anatômicas que podem acompanhar a inversão na posição das grandes artérias, influenciando a apresentação clínica. É a principal causa de procedimentos cirúrgicos neonatais, com diferentes técnicas que se adequam de acordo com o estado do paciente. O diagnóstico só é confirmado por exames de imagem. Considerações finais: A TGV, se não acompanhada de shunt sanguíneo, é incompatível com a vida. Portanto, requer estabilização hemodinâmica e monitorização cuidadosa, até que seja eleito o método cirúrgico mais adequado para restaurar a comunicação entre fluxos sistêmico e pulmonar.
A relação entre o uso de betabloqueadores e a exacerbação da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Pinheiro Taise Gonçalves , Junior Paulo Sergio Leahy Andrade , De Azevedo Maria Clara Almondes , Viana Emanuelle Almeida Silva , Magalhães Barbara Bernardes , Souza Lucca Vieira , Ferreira Brenner Marcus Alves , Fernandes Yuri Magalhães , Gusmão Flávia Almeida dos Santos , Neves Emanuel Messias Felix
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Discutir a relação entre o uso dos betabloqueadores e a exacerbação da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC). Métodos: Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, Lilacs e Pubmed. Os descritores escolhidos foram “beta blockers”, “Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease” e “exacerbation”, juntamente com os operadores booleanos “AND”. Após a análise e aplicação dos métodos de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados doze artigos para realização da coleta dos dados. Resultados: Dos doze artigos analisados nenhum referiu que houve um aumento da taxa de exacerbações da DPOC em pacientes que fizeram uso desses medicamentos. Sete artigos mostraram em seus resultados que os pacientes com DPOC que fizeram uso desses fármacos tiveram menos probabilidade de ter exacerbações. Além disso, alguns dos artigos selecionados mostram que os betabloqueadores seletivos apresentam melhores resultados nesses pacientes. Considerações Finais: O uso dos betabloqueadores cardiosseletivos pode ser mantido em pacientes com DPOC que tenham uma indicação bem estabelecida para o seu uso, visto que não há evidência de que eles aumentem as taxas de exacerbação e hospitalização nesses pacientes.
Visão do médico solicitante frente ao relatório radiológico: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Do Nascimento Rebeca Saraiva Bonfim , Santos Vitor Ribeiro de Oliveira , Caires Poliana Terra Pires Ribeiro Coelho , Garcia Lívya Oliveira , Magalhães Laila Pereira , Rodeiro Tâmara Campos Xavier , Alves Gabriela Machado , Mota Rafaela Cardozo , Pinheiro Raffaela Oliveira , Cardoso Ane Caroline Cavalcante
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Realizar revisão narrativa da literatura na tentativa de melhorar a comunicação entre os médicos solicitantes e o radiologista, definindo quais informações devem ser incluídas num relatório radiológico e qual o formato preferido dos solicitantes. Revisão bibliográfica: O laudo radiológico é a principal forma de comunicação dos radiologistas e dos médicos solicitantes. Frequentemente são escritos em texto livre e estudos mostram que isso pode ser um obstáculo para a eficácia no atendimento ao paciente, gerando insatisfação e reclamações dos solicitantes diante da falta de uniformização das informações obtidas. Assim, há uma necessidade de termos padronizados para que esses documentos sejam interpretados com precisão e consistência. Nesse contexto, temos como exemplo a construção da classificação BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Report and Data System) com o objetivo de promover uma padronização dos laudos mamográficos, tornando as recomendações claras para melhor diagnóstico clínico e tratamento. Considerações finais: Visando melhorar a comunicação entre os médicos solicitantes e o radiologista, é necessária a utilização de laudos estruturados na tentativa de evitar registros extensos e sem objetividade. Além disso, deve haver uma melhora significativa quanto à padronização de termos.