bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Antimicrobial Efficacy, In Vitro, of Oral Antiseptics on Fungi and Bacteria
Authors: Dutra Mateus José
Published: October 2021

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the action, in vitro, of hydrogen peroxide in the concentrations of 1%, 1.5% and 3%, of cetylpyridinium chloride, of benzalkonium chloride of 1.3% and of chlorhexidine 0.12% associated with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide over standardized strains of microorganisms Enterococcus faecalis; Staphylococcus aureus; Candida albicans and Escherichia coli, aspiring to determine which is the best product. Chlorhexidine 0.12% was used as a positive control and sterile distilled water as a negative control. Methodology: Standardized suspensions of the microorganisms were prepared, poured and spread over the culture media. Sterile 4 mm paper discs were placed on the seeded agar and soaked with 15 microliters (uL) of each of the antiseptics. The plates were incubated in a bacteriological oven at 37º Celsius for 48 hours. The results were obtained through the growth inhibition halo. Results: The antiseptic that obtained the greatest antimicrobial action was the association of hydrogen peroxide at 1.5% with chlorhexidine at 0.12%, followed by benzalkonium chloride 1.3%. Hydrogen peroxide at 1% did not show any antimicrobial activity. Conclusions: The 0.12% chlorhexidine associated with 1.5% hydrogen peroxide demonstrated the best antimicrobial action, indicating a possible synergistic action between the products, increasing the efficiency when compared to the isolated use of each active ingredient. Benzalkonium chloride 1.3%, also showed an effective antimicrobial action, indicating that these products or combinations have a great potential to be used as an active ingredient in mouthwashes.
Foreword to the Special Section on Man-Nature Relationship
Authors: Sawarkar Vishwas
Published: October 2021

This is the foreword to Volume 29 of Journal of Ecological Society written by Mr. Vishwas Sawarkar. It explains the articles in this Special Section on Man-Nature Relationship.
WAYS FOR IMPROVING THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF VICTIMS WITH DEEP ELECTRICAL BURNS
Authors: Fayazov A , Tulyaganov D , Kamilov U , Mirzakulov A , Khalilov A
Published: October 2021

Aim. improving the results of treatment of victims with electrical injury, through early diagnosis of the depth and extent of the lesion and the introduction of methods of active surgical tactics.Material and methods. We examined 674 patients with electrical injuries admitted to the RSCEMP in the period from 2001 to 2017. the patients used the methods of bilateral comparative dermal thermometry and X-ray densitometry. To assess the severity of burn shock, the indicators of central and peripheral hemodynamics, blood oxygenation, Frank’s index, thermometry and neutrophil-lymphocyte index were assessed. The calculation of statistical indicators was carried out using the Microsoft Excel 2010 software package, including built-in statistical processing functions. The significance of differences between the groups in the quantitative values of the parameters was determined by the Student’s test. Statistical indicators were considered reliable, with p <0.05. Results. It was found that the temperature difference in the armpit and the first interdigital space of the foot by 0.5-1.5 ° C corresponds to a mild degree of burn shock, and in severe and extremely severe burn shock, the temperature difference in these zones was 1.6 -4 ° С and above 4 ° С. It is noted that active surgical tactics by early fasciotomy on the first day of injury and early necrectomy contributes to a significant decrease in the frequency of amputation and disarticulation of the extremities from 55.8 to 9.8%, makes it possible to perform early autodermoplasty, improves the survival rate of autografts and shortens the period of inpatient treatment. Active surgical tactics contributed to an improvement in the engraftability of autografts (95.2% versus 87.4%), a 2.6-fold decrease in the frequency of repeated autodermoplasty at sites of non-engraftment, a significant decrease in the frequency of mutilation operations (amputation and disarticulation of the extremities) and a reduction in the duration of inpatient treatment with 41.1 ± 12.3 to 37.7 ± 10.4 days. Conclusions. Early fasciotomy on the first day of injury and early necrectomy contribute to a significant decrease in the frequency of amputation and disarticulation of the extremities from 55.8 to 9.8%, make it possible to perform autodermoplasty in the shortest possible time and reduce the time of inpatient treatment. The process of osteonecrosis is completed within 2 weeks after the injury, and by this time it is possible to start osteonecrectomy, including one-stage radical osteonecrectomy over the entire surface of osteonecrosis.
UPPER EXTREMITY DEEP VENOUS THROMBOSIS
Authors: Venkatesh A , Nanda V , Ramesh B
Published: October 2021

Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) constitutes around 10% of all DVT, and can cause both pul-monary embolism (PE) and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) in the arm. The incidence of secondary UED-VT is increasing due to widespread use of central venous catheters in patients with cancer and other chronic diseases. We report a case of 51-year-old female diagnosed with upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in emergency department with no co-morbidities and its successful treatment.
Influence of Consumer-Based Brand Equity on Brand Loyalty Through Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Kurnianingsih Sudjudi Widia , Riorini Sri Vandayuli
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Consumer-based brand equity on Brand loyalty through Customer satisfaction. This study used purposive sampling data collection techniques. This study was analyzed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis method. The results of this study indicate (1) The Influence Dimensions of Consumer-Based Brand Equity on Customer Satisfaction, where (1a) Perceived quality has no positive effect on Customer satisfaction; (1b) the Perceived value of cost has a positive effect on Customer satisfaction; (1c) Brand identification has no positive effect on Customer satisfaction; (1d) Trust has a positive effect on Customer satisfaction; (1e) Lifestyle congruence has a positive effect on Customer satisfaction. (2) Customer satisfaction has a positive effect on Brand loyalty. (3) The Influence Dimensions of Consumer-Based Brand Equity on Brand loyalty through Customer Satisfaction, where (3a) Customer satisfaction mediates the influence of Perceived quality on Brand loyalty in full; (3b) Customer satisfaction mediates the influence of Perceived value of cost on Brand loyalty in partial; (3c) Customer satisfaction mediates the influence of Brand identification on Brand loyalty in partial; (3d) Customer satisfaction mediates the influence of Trust on Brand loyalty in full; (3e) Customer satisfaction mediates the influence of Perceived quality on Brand loyalty in partial. The advice for further researchers can conduct research on various types of other food and baverage businesses, such as restaurant, bakeries, and cafes.
Mise en place d’un registre de Cancer au Sénégal : Résultats préliminaires
Authors: Baldé S , Ba O , Diop M , Boye A , Diouf G , Fall T , Dia D , Mbengue M
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION : Le Sénégal avec l’appui de l’OMS a entrepris la mise en place d’un Registre national de cancers. L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer les résultats préliminaires. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Nous avons mené une étude préliminaire non exhaustive sur une période de trois mois allant du premier janvier 2013 au 31 mars 2013 au niveau de quatre hôpitaux de Dakar. RESULTATS : Deux cent quatre-vingt-neuf cas ont été recensés. Il s’agissait de 127 hommes (44%) et de 126 femmes (56%) avec une sex-ratio de 0,8. L’âge variait entre 20 à 90 ans avec une moyenne de 50 ans. Le mode de diagnostic principal était essentiellement histologique avec 76% des cas (n=219). Les localisations les plus fréquentes étaient : ORL (25% des cas), hépatique (7% des cas) et broncho-pulmonaire (4,5% des cas). Chez l’homme, le cancer du foie était la localisation la plus fréquente et chez la femme le cancer du col de l’utérus avec 16%. Le carcinome épidermoïde constitue le type histologique le plus fréquent avec 68% des cas suivis de loin par l’adénocarcinome avec 22% des cas. Trente-huit pour cent des patients étaient classés stade III et IV. Un quart de nos patients ont bénéficié d’un traitement palliatif. En revanche, 15 (15%) ont bénéficié de la chimiothérapie et 4% de radiothérapie. Le recueil de données était satisfaisant. CONCLUSION : Le cancer est une réalité sous-diagnostiqué au Sénégal. Les résultats préliminaires encouragent à rendre effectif le registre des cancers dans l’ensemble du pays.
Résultats carcinologiques et fonctionnels des laryngectomies pour cancer du larynx à l’Hôpital Principal de Dakar
Authors: Lame C A , Loum B , Diallo T B , Ndiaye C B , Diouf A , Ndiaye M , Diallo B K
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION : Le retard diagnostique des cancers du larynx grève le pronostic et impose souvent une chirurgie très mutilante. OBJECTIF : Rapporter les résultats carcinologiques et fonctionnels de la chirurgie pour cancers du larynx à l’Hôpital Principal de Dakar. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective monocentrique réalisée de janvier 2009 à décembre 2014 au sein du service d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale de l’Hôpital Principal de Dakar incluant les patients adultes porteurs d’un cancer du larynx traité par chirurgie à visée curative. RESULTATS : Cinquante patients ont été pris en charge pour cancer du larynx. Trente-sept d’entre eux ont bénéficié d’une laryngectomie. Les lésions classées cT2 représentaient 14%, et 16% étaient classées cT1. Il s’agissait presque exclusivement de carcinomes épidermoïdes (36/37). Une radiothérapie avait complété la chirurgie dans 11 cas avec un délai moyen de 2,75 mois. Sur le plan fonctionnel, des troubles de la déglutition étaient retrouvés chez deux patients avec deux cas de sténoses pharyngo-œsophagienne et un cas de fausses routes alimentaires. Sur le plan carcinologique, six malades ont présenté une poursuite évolutive tandis que quatre ont fait une récidive tumorale ou ganglionnaire. Un patient a présenté une métastase pulmonaire. La survie globale à 7 ans était de 33%. CONCLUSION : Le préjudice fonctionnel dans la chirurgie du cancer du larynx est important et au plan carcinologique les résultats, quoique satisfaisants, peuvent être améliorés avec une meilleure disponibilité des traitements adjuvants.
Profils épidémiologiques et diagnostiques des carcinomes épidermoïdes mammaires à l’Institut Joliot Curie de Dakar
Authors: Khairane Mohamed , Charfi Mohammed Ezzet , Ka Sidy , Dem Ahmadou
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION : Le cancer du sein représente le premier cancer de la femme et constitue clairement un véritable problème de santé publique. Même si l’adénocarcinome reste de loin le type histologique le plus fréquent, ils existent d’autres types dont la fréquence est variable. Une forme particulière qui est le carcinome épidermoïde retient notre attention. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Les dossiers cliniques des patientes consultants à l’Institut Joliot Curie de Dakar entre le 1er janvier 2016 et le 30 juin 2020 ont été revus. Nous avons retenu les cas des carcinomes épidermoïdes mammaires purs ou mixtes. RESULTATS : Notre étude avait porté sur trois observations reçues et traitées à l’Institut Joliot Curie de Dakar. Ces patientes avaient 48, 50 et 48 ans respectivement. Elles n’avaient pas d’antécédents pathologiques particuliers. Elles étaient toutes ménopausées. Elles avaient consulté suite à une autopalpation d’un nodule mammaire. La biopsie avait conclu à un carcinome épidermoïde mammaire. Deux des trois patientes étaient en stade métastatique. CONCLUSION : A la fin de notre étude, nous recommandons une étude à plus large échelle incluant plusieurs centres. Les séquences thérapeutiques doivent être mieux évaluées et comparées à la forme la plus fréquente qui est l’adénocarcinome canalaire infiltrant.
Traitement des cancers de l’endomètre à l’institut Joliot Curie de Dakar : à propos de 30 cas
Authors: Thiam Jaafar , Kahatwa Edouard , Ka Sidy , Dieng Mamadou Moustapha , Diouf Doudou , Diallo Adja Coumba , Gaye Papa Macoumba , Dem Ahmadou
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION : L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier les aspects thérapeutiques des cancers de l’endomètre à l’Institut Joliot Curie de Dakar. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective menée à l’Institut Joliot Curie de Dakar incluant tous les cas de cancers d’endomètre confirmés par l’histologie entre janvier 2012 et décembre 2016. RESULTATS : Il s’agissait de 30 cas de cancers d’endomètre sur une période de cinq ans. L’adénocarcinome endométrioïde était le type histologique le plus fréquent et était retrouvé chez 25 patientes soit 84% des cas. Les patientes étaient classées stades I et II de FIGO dans 43% des cas, stade III dans 24 % des cas et stade IV dans 33% des cas. La colpo-hystérectomie avec lymphadénectomie pelvienne (CHL) était le principal geste chirurgical effectué. Une radiothérapie externe était effectuée chez trois patientes soit 10%. Un cas de cystite radique ainsi qu’une radiodermite étaient enregistrés comme complication liée à la radiothérapie. Aucune patiente n’a bénéficié de curiethérapie. La chimiothérapie était effectuée chez 17 patientes soit 56,6 %. Elle était adjuvante chez 10 patientes soit 34% des cas. Les récidives pelviennes étaient notées chez trois patientes opérées soit 10%. Après 13 mois de suivi, la survie était de 50%. CONCLUSION : Le traitement du cancer de l’endomètre à l’Institut Joliot Curie de Dakar est marqué par la prépondérance de la chirurgie qui est encadré par la chimiothérapie et/ou la radiothérapie externe.
Evaluation des facteurs pronostiques dans le cancer du sein chez la femme au Sénégal : à propos de 288 cas
Authors: Ndiaye Mamadou , Dieng Souleymane , Thiam Jaafar , Diallo Adja Coumba , Diouf Doudou , Ka Sidy , Dem Ahmadou
Published: October 2021

INTRODUCTION : Au Sénégal le cancer du sein représente le deuxième cancer féminin et pose un problème de santé public majeur. Le but de ce travail était d’évaluer les facteurs pronostiques dans l’évolution du cancer du sein chez la femme. PATIENTS ET METHODES : Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective réalisée sur une période sur un an allant du 1er janvier 2008 au 31 Décembre 2008 portant sur l'ensemble des femmes suivies pour cancer du sein au service de cancérologie à l'Institut Joliot Curie. Ainsi, 288 patientes atteintes de cancer du sein ont été colligés. RESULTATS : La moyenne d’âge de nos malades était de 47,32 ans. La parité moyenne était de 4,9 enfants par femme. Vingt-deux soit 7% des patientes avaient un antécédent de cancer. Cliniquement, la taille tumorale était classée T4 chez 180 patientes soit 81%. Une atteinte ganglionnaire chez 188 patientes (65,2%). Le type histologique le plus fréquent était le carcinome canalaire infiltrant avec 90,3% des cas. Une prédominance des grades SBRII et SBRIII a été observé (respectivement 41% et 46%). Les récepteurs hormonaux (RH) étaient positifs dans huit cas (24%). La surexpression du gène HER2 était retrouvée chez seulement quatre patientes sur 30. Les limites de la chirurgie étaient précisées chez 48 patientes avec des marges envahies chez sept patientes (14,5%). La présence d'emboles vasculaires était notée chez 18 patientes parmi les 29 dont la recherche a été effectuée chez 179 patientes soit 62%. Au moment du diagnostic initial, 45 patientes soit 19,7% des malades présentaient au moins une métastase distance. La majorité des patientes étaient reçues à un stade avancé (89%, classées entre stade III et IV). Une seule patiente était reçue au stade I. La survie globale pour les cancers du sein était à 72% à 3 ans et 30% à 5 ans. La survie globale à 5 ans des patientes au stade localisé de la maladie était de 85% contre 5% pour les patientes au stade avancé. CONCLUSION : Les facteurs pronostiques sont multiples et souvent péjoratifs chez nos patients avec une prédominance des femmes jeunes, des cancers localement avancés et des formes biologiques agressifs.
Study of bioremediation of water environment using constructed wetland for ecological engineering and bioenergy generation from biomass recycling
Authors: Gotore Obey  , Prattakorn Sittisom  , Rameshprabu Ramaraj  , Yuwalee Unpaprom  , Giang Tran Van  , Tomoaki Itayama
Published: October 2021

Environmental water ecosystems are facing serious hypoxia challenges because of high nutrient loadings from point and non-point sources. Therefore, the use of Vertical sub-surface flow constructed wetlands (VSSFCWs) for mitigating environmental water pollution through enhanced nitrification and denitrification processes. They offer a promising nutrient removal mechanism while also providing an ideal environment for the growth of perennial grasses. VSSFCWs not only play a role in providing safe sanitation, they produce biomass that can be harvested and used to produce fodder and biofuel in this complex global world. Biochar offers best habitation for microorganisms to decompose organic matter. The potential of constructed wetland biomass for bioenergy production through carbon sequestration had been observed. Planted with common reed macrophytes to promote biodiversity, the 0.251 m2 constructed wetland has been treating 0.03 cubic meter per day (CMD) of farm wastewater. The overall aboveground biomass was 1277 kg and total carbon content 471 kg at the peak of aboveground accumulation for the system emergent macrophyte. Incinerating of 80% biomass harvested of experimental area in an incineration plant could produce 2446 kWh for one month.
Formulae to Fubini Type Numbers emerge from Application of p-adic Integrals
Authors: KILAR Neslıhan , ŞİMŞEK Yılmaz
Published: October 2021

The aim of this manuscript is to examine and survey various formulae for Fubini type numbers and polynomials with application of the p-adic integrals to some special polynomials. Relations and formulae related to the Fubini type numbers and polynomials, the Bernoulli numbers, the Euler numbers, Stirling type numbers, and combinatorial numbers are given. Moreover, by using generating functions with their functional equations, some new formulae including the Hermite polynomials, the Fubini type polynomials, and the Lah numbers are given. Finally, remarks on the results of this manuscript are presented.
Dwelling Time Terhadap Kegiatan Bongkar Muat Mv Meratus Kendari 1 Di PT Meratus Line Cabang Banjarmasin
Authors: Kamsariaty Kamsariaty , Fathulliansyah Noor , Ratna Purnomo Evi
Published: October 2021

Penelitian pada Dwelling Time merupakan waktu dihitung mulai dari suatu container dibongkar dari kapal sampai petikemas tersebut meninggalkan terminal pelabuhan melalui pintu utama. Rata-rata dwelling time kurang atau sama dengan 3 hari yaitu untuk rute Jakarta – Semarang – Banjarmasin dengan frequency kedatangan every 5,0 days dan perlu  adanyapengoptimalkan kinerja yang sesuai semaksimal mungkin dengan melakukan koordinasi  agar dapat merealisasikan tugas masing- masing  pihak agar sesuai dengan SOP  yang berlaku  sehingga semua kegiatan  dapat berjalan sebagai mana mestinya guna memangkas dwelling time, karena akan berpengaruh dalam jadwal kerja kapal dan kondisi container pada saat bongkar muat .Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi tentang Proses Dwelling Time yang terjadi di Terminal Petikemas Banjarmasin, penelitian ini menggunakan Pendekatan Kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif yaitu penelitian yang tidak menggunakan perhitungan. Atau diistilahkan dengan penelitian ilmiah yang menekankan pada karakter alamiah sumber data yang didapatkan setelah melakukan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi yang bertujuan mendeskripsikan proses Dwelling Time terhadap kegiatan bongkar muat    Mv. Meratus Kendari 1 di PT Meratus Line Cabang Banjarmasin.
Project Management Skills in Malaysian Economic Sectors
Authors:   Faculty of Arts & Science, International University of Malaya-Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., P Rukmani , Shavarebi Kamran ,   Faculty of Engineering & Quantity Surveying, INTI International University Malaysia.
Published: October 2021

Objective of this conceptual study is to investigate the demand for project management skills in Malaysian economic sectors and to develop strategies on narrowing down the project management talent gap to enable the nation in leveraging on project management talents to implement strategic initiatives, driving change, and delivering innovation to Malaysia whilst contributing to nation’s productivity and standard of living. Previous studies on project management skills demand in Malaysian economic sector is limited, mostly related to non-Malaysian economies and other areas of skills. Demand and supply theory based on Graduate Tracer Study is used as basis to understand and close the gap in project management skills demand and project management talent shortages and, in consideration of potential job mismatch due to traits of workers and the impact of curriculum design on employability competence. This study on project management skills in Malaysia will serve as basis to identify the project management skills gap in Malaysian economic sectors. Proposed model of strategies expected to be developed in this study is aimed to provide granular level insights for government in adopting more targeted approach in meeting the demand for project management skills and narrowing down project management talent shortages.
Perilaku Caring Perawat Mempengaruhi Kepatuhan Pasien Kanker dalam Menjalani Kemoterapi
Authors: Trisnawati Ina
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Adherence to chemotherapy is still an appropriate problem for cancer patients. One of the influencing factors is nurse caring behavior.
Methods: The study design used a quantitative study with a crose sectional approach in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The population in this study were all cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy recorded in medical records in the RSAL DR Mintohardjo numfor room February-September 2020. The sampling technique was total sampling. The sample in this study may be 63 respondents. The research instrument used a standard caring behavior questionnaire. This study uses chi square analysis.
Results: The results of statistical tests using the chi-square test obtained p value = 0.000.
Discussion: There is a significant relationship between nurse caring behavior and cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
The Level of the Functional Movement Screen Among Traditional Dancers
Authors: Maniveloo Segar A. , Abdullah Borhannudin , Samsudin Shamsulariffin
Published: October 2021

Movement assessments are commonly used to assess athlete’s risk of injury as well as basic and specific skill movement patterns; however, dance is identified to be differing from sports because the average dancer’s training load is higher than the athletes. This study aims to identify the difference in the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) level among traditional dancers in Malaysia. A quasi-experimental study design was adopted, which involved 66 dancers (M = 33; F = 33). The study comprised traditional dancers from three ethnic backgrounds, namely, Malay, Chinese and Indian. The descriptive analysis described the level of the dancers’ FMS, as follows: Malay (M = 16.18, SD = 2.062), Chinese (M = 18.50, SD = 1.102), Indian (M = 18.23, SD = 1.445). The ANOVA analysis found a significant difference in the FMS scores among all three groups of dancers, F (2,63) = 14.026, p >.000. The deep squat, hurdle step, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise and trunk stability tests for push-up indicated a significant difference, whereas the inline lunges test and rotational stability tests showed no significance difference. However, the Post Hoc analysis showed no significant difference between the Chinese and Indian dancers. It can be concluded that there is a difference in FMS scores between Malay, Chinese and Indian dancers. FMS may be a useful tool to help identify dancers about the risk of injury and improve their movement quality.
Impact of Leadership Styles on the Organizational Commitment of Medical Practitioners: The Moderating Effects of Workplace Stress
Authors: Govindasamy Pubadi , Wahat Nor Wahiza Abdul , Alias Siti Noormi , Idris Khairuddin , Ahrari Seyedali
Published: October 2021

The healthcare system is now facing several problems, which demands managers and leaders learning from various leadership styles and staff empowerment techniques to establish a work environment that supports medical practitioners' dedication to patients and their company. The present study aims to examine the leadership styles and organizational commitment of medical practitioners at the Melaka State Health Department [Jabatan Kesihatan Negeri Melaka (JKNM)], Malaysia, and the influence of workplace stress. In particular, this study explored the moderating effects of workplace stress on the association between leadership styles and organizational commitment among medical practitioners. The study used a quantitative approach based on the Social Exchange Theory by Homans and Lewin’s Person-Environment Fit Model. The survey involved questionnaires distributed to obtain data from 309 medical practitioners. The data collected were analyzed using description means and hierarchical regression. The results revealed a significant correlation and moderating effect of workplace stress on leadership styles (i.e., Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, and Laissez-Faire Leadership) and organizational commitment among JKNM medical practitioners. This paper also considered the theoretical and practical implications and made recommendations for future research.
Values Related to Moral Behavioral Practice in Malay Students Context
Authors: Yasin Maizura , Abdullah Nur Surayyah Madhubala , Roslan Samsilah , Wahat Nor Wahiza Abdul , Saharuddin Norzihani
Published: October 2021

Malaysia is a country that strives to instill noble or good morals and values among the young generation who will lead the country’s development. The importance of values has been clearly stated under the principle of ‘decency and morality, the fifth principle in Malaysian National Principles. Adhering to this principle requires constant effort and has its challenges. This study discusses the practices of moral behavior in the daily lives of Malay students. This study uses the case study design (one case, one place) and a qualitative approach to understand this phenomenon. Purposive sampling techniques and specific criteria were used in selecting the participants of this study. The ATLAS.ti 7 software was used to manage the data obtained through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The thematic analysis technique was then utilized to analyze data obtained in this study. These findings show that personal noble values and institutional values are the core of moral behavioral values. Malay students understand the practice of moral behavioral values as a combination of personal values and the institutional values that work in balance to be manifested and practiced consistently in their daily lives. In conclusion, together, the Ministry of Education, schools, family institutions and the community play an important role in inculcating values related to the practice of moral behavior among students. It is suggested that future studies conduct a comparison of values related to moral behavior among various ethnicities as well as categories of students (disciplined and undisciplined groups).
Students Perception of Moral Education Textbooks Design Components and Learnability
Authors: Mokhtar Mohamed Hilmie Mohd , Yasin Maizura
Published: October 2021

Textbooks are one of the most fundamental learning and teaching tools used in schools all around the world (Nicholls, 2003). Today's technology allows students to access a variety of textbook formats, including online textbooks that they may read from anywhere. This study looks into the style and arrangement of learning textbooks in Malaysia in order to make studying more convenient. The purpose of this research is to see if the dynamics of textbook layout affect students' desire to learn. Thirty Year 6 children from a primary school in the Selangor district of Hulu Langat participated in this study. Students' views of textbook design elements, such as paper quality, printing, colour, and pedagogical aspects, were determined using a quantitative survey. Print and colour were scored higher by the students than paper quality, artwork, and images, according to the data. Furthermore, the research discovered a link between the layout of a book and its actual use.
Augmented Reality Mobile Application Co-Design Experience: Delineating the Nuances from the Lens of a System Developer
Authors: Khambari Mas Nida Md. , Rofie Fadzil Saleh Mohamad
Published: October 2021

With the rapid development of educational tools, co-design has been on the rise. Co-design is instrumental in successful product development as it merges two key perspectives, namely consumers’ insights and professionals’ knowledge. The roles of users, designers, and developers are now blurred as educators have begun to construct their own tools for teaching based on problems and ideas conceived in their classrooms, thereby assuming roles as designers and to some extent, as developers. A more common practice in recent days is educators’ co-designing of tools with system developers to achieve their targeted goal. This study attempted to explore the process of co-designing an augmented reality (AR) mobile application and the role of a system developer in mediating the design process with non-designers, namely academic members of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. This study further aimed to delineate the nuances of the AR mobile application co-design experience from the perspective of the system developer. Semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analyses were conducted to examine the detailed process of co-designing and developing the AR application as well as to understand the developer’s interaction with the consumers. The main findings of this study suggest that the waterfall model of the Software Development Life Cycle was in use during the co-design process. This cycle generally involves five stages, namely (i) planning, (ii) analysis, (iii) design, (iv) implementation, and (v) maintenance, which are iterative in nature. The designer’s role in mediating the co-design process encompassed balancing their knowledge and experience with the needs of consumers that do not necessarily match the designer’s expectations. This was achieved through (i) precise communication, (ii) commitment to the delivery and quality of the AR mobile application, as well as to building cohesive working relationships, and (iii) motivation to work with co-designers during the development process. The findings shed light on the value of co-design and the complex role of designers in mediating the design process with non-designers, which when accounted for, can lead to more feasible project development.
Address Trainee Counselors’ Perplexities: Integrating Predictors of Self-Efficacy into Counseling Ethics Education
Authors: Subarimaniam Neerushah , Zakaria Noor Syamilah , Jaafar Wan Marzuki Wan
Published: October 2021

The process of addressing ethical perplexities is challenging and there is insufficiency of clear solutions and proper resources to resolve the ethical quandaries. Thus, this study aims to identify the greatest predictor of trainee counselors’ self-efficacy in addressing ethical perplexities. The greatest predictor of self-efficacy is expected to enhance the existing counseling ethics education curriculum and pedagogy. A quantitative methodological approach was administered through questionnaires. There were 148 trainee counselors selected through simple random cluster sampling and they were all students from private universities in Malaysia. The data gathered were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analyses. Correlation analysis recorded the highest coefficient of r value which was a substantial relationship between self-efficacy and multicultural competence. Next, multiple regression analyses indicated that the three predictors which are multicultural competence, religiosity, and spirituality were predictive of self-efficacy. However, the strength of prediction varied. Multicultural competence had the most powerful prediction on trainee counselors’ self-efficacy, followed by spirituality, and religiosity. These findings revealed the importance of the three predictors in enhancing trainee counselors’ self-efficacy, addressing ethical quandaries, and developing pedagogic counseling education. The process of preparing and developing intuitive counseling professionals is worthy of attention in the counseling training and practice, specifically in addressing ethical perplexities. Thus, the three predictors should be integrated into the counselor education curriculum and pedagogy at all levels. Cultivation of these three predictors in all trainee counselors would build their level of self-efficacy and help in their survival during counseling dilemmas, leading to successful counseling sessions.
Relationship Between Leadership, Resilience, and Competence Amongst Police Officers in Klang Valley, Malaysia
Authors: Razali Fazura , Rami Ahmad Aizuddin Md , Nazuri Nur Shuhamin , Suhaimi Siti Shazwani Ahmad
Published: October 2021

Excellent human resource development prioritizes organizational performance development elements. Organizational performance in Malaysia’s public sector is a concept that still needs to be explored. To date, improvements to leadership quality in order to enhance employee competence is one of the areas of study that has become the focus of researchers in the field of human resource development. In fact, leadership quality is also influenced by a person’s self-resilience to changes – one such example is police officers’ competence in order to perform their duties well. This study aims to assess the relationship between self-resilience and the leadership qualities of police officers. The study involved the Royal Malaysia Police of the state of Selangor. The study which used a simple randomized quantitative method involved 105 respondents comprised of police officers and other members of the force. Findings of the study indicate highest positive relationships between leadership and competency, resilience and competency, and resilience and leadership, with r values between 0.791 to 0.864. However, the relationship between leadership quality based on education level and length of service (work experience) was not significant. This study shows that there are several elements in human resource development and performance management that can be improved by emphasizing on the leadership aspect in order to improve the competencies of police officers in Malaysia.
The Gender Differences in the Relationships Between Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction with Social Media Addiction Among University Students
Authors: Xuan Yap Jing , Amat Muhammad Asyraf Che
Published: October 2021

Recent evidence indicates an elevated risk of social media addiction among university students. This research was designed to enhance the understanding of social media addiction among university students by investigating the relationships between self-esteem, life satisfaction, and social media addiction, with the possibility of gender differences in the relationships. 288 university students (103 males, 185 females) from the Faculty of Educational Studies at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) done the Social Media Addiction, Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSES), and Life Satisfaction Scales. Results showed that self-esteem and life satisfaction accounted for 64% of the total variance in social media addiction. Life satisfaction was a significant factor in increasing the possibility of social media addiction. On the contrary, there were no significant differences in life satisfaction and self-esteem, the latter exhibited no association with social media addiction. Furthermore, males were much more addicted to social media than females. An understanding on gender differences may be helpful for clinicians to expand suitable therapy by taking into account these findings, meanwhile, the statistically significant differences between the variables may contribute to predict student addiction levels in social media. The results of this study are obtained from Malaysian university students and possible generalisation to other populations should be verified by further studies.
Information and Communication Technologies and Sustainable Livelihood Opportunities: A Study of Information Behavior Among Malaysian Youth
Authors: Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab , Ismail Ismi Arif , Ismail Normala , Omar Siti Zobidah , Bolong Jusang
Published: October 2021

Information and communication technology (ICT) is a significant instrument for youth empowerment, since it allows instant interaction, thus enabling information needs and community development. This study aims to explore the cumulative knowledge on how youths use ICT as an essential part of their daily lives. A quantitative study was carried out and the data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling technique (SEM). The results confirmed that information needs and sharing have a positive influence on the sustainable livelihood of Malaysian youth. However, the findings also reveal that there was no significant relation between two of these predictors (i.e. information seeking and information source) and the sustainable livelihoods of Malaysian youth. Due to its unique perspective, this study contributes to the existing literature on youth information behavior in ICT environments.
Resilience, Family Functioning, and Psychological Well-Being: Findings from a Cross-sectional Survey of High-school Students
Authors: Desrianty Mona , Hassan Norlizah C. , Zakaria Noor Syamilah , Zaremohzzabieh Zeinab
Published: October 2021

The present study examined the relationship between family functioning and resilience on the psychological well-being (PWB) in high school students. A cross-sectional study was conducted using multiple linear regression for prediction and descriptive statistical analysis in five Indonesian high school students. A total of 341 high school students participated in the study, completing three validated self-administered questionnaires. Statistical analysis revealed that greater family functioning was associated with higher PWB. A significant relationship between resilience and PWB was found in this cohort. This study showed that to maintain healthy mental well-being, developing resilience and family functioning is vital for high school students. More emphasis may be placed on the possible role of resilience training and other kinds of family functioning and coping strategies in dealing with the unavoidable causes of stress in public high schoolers.
Finite Element Analysis in Orthodontics
Authors: Rajgopal Nandakishore
Published: October 2021

One of the governing ideologies in orthodontics is gradually imposing remodeling, which involves progressive and irreversible bone deformations using specific force systems on the teeth. Bone remodeling results in the movement of the teeth into new positions, with two tissues having a major influence along with it: the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone. There is a definite connection between the mechanical, biological and physiological reactions to the orthodontic forces. The development of the Finite Element Analysis and administration of this new age computer-aided method in orthodontics applies to this chapter. Finite Element Analysis is a computational procedure to calculate the stress in an element, which can show a model solution. The FEM analyses the biomechanical effects of various treatment modalities and calculates the deformation and the stress distribution in the bodies exposed to the external forces. The ideology behind this particular chapter is to introduce this scientific approach to the orthodontist and to reinforce the effects and advantages to the ones who are already aware of the same. In this chapter there is a detail discussion and explanation systematically on Finite element analysis method and its application strictly in and around orthodontics without much deviation from the subject.
The Use of Biochar of High Growth Rate Plants to Agriculturally Remediate Heavy Metal Polluted Acidic Mine Wastes
Authors: Aguirre Gómez Arturo , Virginia Nuñez Balderas Laura , Hidalgo Moreno Claudia , Dionisio Etchevers Barra Jorge
Published: October 2021

The chapter is meant to expose how a sound methodology can be instrumented to both, remediate acidic metal polluted mine wastes, taking advantage of the neutralizing power and high metal sorption affinity of biochar, and to utilize pyrolyzed material derived from high-rate growth plants (water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes Mart, and Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus globulus Labill), which have become of ecological relevance due to their unwanted proliferation over specific terrestrial, lacustrine or riverine environments. In addition, the proposal considers not only neutralizing the mine tailings and abating the toxic levels of specific heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, etc., to fulfill the international and national standards and norms, but to conveniently combine biochar with widely used soil amendments to pass widely recognized biological tests of growth using heavy metal-sensitive plants. The approach addresses firstly: a) characterizing physiochemically mine tailings and biochar, in terms of their properties (metal speciation and contents, potential acidity and neutralization potential, chemical oxygen demand, heavy metal-biochar sorption-complexing affinities, among others), and secondly; b) creating a” fertile environment” by reconditioning, agriculturally, the heavy metal-polluted acidic mine waste to allow native vegetation, or other reforesting species, to regrow on the reclaimed site, based on the bioassay tests performances.
The Effect of Bilingualism and Multilingualism on Academic Behavior
Authors: Mahzoun Pouria
Published: October 2021

The phenomenon of bilingualism and the effect of it on general and academic purposes is not something that anyone could deny, in one aspect being able to participate and understand others and convey your massage to them is one thing and in another aspect, communicate effectively is other important element in effective relations. In this article researcher strongly claims that if bilinguals and monolinguals evaluate their success in business or in academic places, you could easily understand that the winners are bilinguals because of their ability to understand and create a positive and effective relation with others. They should be more successful in their business and communicate with all peoples around the world.
Circadian Clock, Sleep, and Diet
Authors: Irie Junichiro
Published: October 2021

Circadian rhythm is a fundamental process of sustaining metabolic homeostasis by predicting changes in the environment. This is driven by biological clocks, which operate within a 24-h period to orchestrate daily variation of metabolism and sleep. The central clock in the hypothalamus is the master keeper of the circadian rhythm and is primarily reset by light, while the feeding-fasting rhythm, that is, nutritional stimulus, entrains peripheral clocks in peripheral organs such as the intestine and liver. Nutritional stimuli are important modulators of peripheral circadian rhythms and may affect the central clock and sleep homeostasis through metabolic alterations. In this chapter, I will summarize the significance of circadian rhythm and sleep in metabolic regulation as well as discuss the impact that diet has on circadian rhythm and sleep.
The Pharmacology of Parasomnias and Movement Disorders of Sleep
Authors: S. Carter Gregory
Published: October 2021

The treatment of parasomnias and sleep related movement disorders is not always pharmacologic, indeed, some of these disorders respond to behavioral approaches without the risks of pharmaceuticals. This chapter endeavors to pull forward the disorders in which pharmacologic treatment is the best choice and lay out the pharmacologic properties of the treatments. It is not the goal of this chapter to present an encyclopedic review of the parasomnias and sleep related movement disorders. It is, however, the intent of this chapter to comprehensively review pharmacologic treatments used in the management of the disorders in which drug use is most necessary. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and known risks of these pharmaceuticals are presented and discussed. When more than one pharmaceutical is used clinically within a class of drugs, thorough review of selected drugs is presented. The chapter includes investigations, mostly human studies, of the drugs discussed. The author’s extensive experience in pharmacology, neurology, and sleep medicine take the chapter through pharmacological information a clinician needs to guide the management of these disorders.
Prebiotics, Probiotics and Synbiotic for Bone Health
Authors: Lilian Ilesanmi-Oyelere Bolaji , Cathorina Kruger Marlena
Published: October 2021

Prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics has been shown to enhance calcium absorption, gut and bone health. Probiotics are also known to ferment prebiotics to produce the fermentative substrates such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate and propionate with the help of beneficial micro-organisms in the gut. The expression of these SCFAs has been associated with the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we discuss the benefits of SCFAs and ways in which prebiotics and probiotics affect bone health by the reduction of inflammation in the gut and the bone.
Industrial Applications of Cyanobacteria
Authors: Algade Amadu Ayesha , Amoako Atta deGraft-Johnson Kweku , Komla Ameka Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Cyanobacteria also known as blue-green algae are oxygenic photoautotrophs, which evolved ca. 3.5 billion years ago. Because cyanobacteria are rich sources of bioactive compounds, they have diverse industrial applications such as algaecides, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal agents, hence, their wide use in the agricultural and health sectors. Cyanobacterial secondary metabolites are also important sources of enzymes, toxins, vitamins, and other pharmaceuticals. Polyhydroxy- alkanoates (PHA) which accumulate intracellularly in some cyanobacteria species can be used in the production of bioplastics that have properties comparable to polypropylene and polyethylene. Some cyanobacteria are also employed in bioremediation as they are capable of oxidizing oil components and other complex organic compounds. There are many more possible industrial applications of cyanobacteria such as biofuel, biofertilizer, food, nutraceuticals, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, the metabolic pathways that lead to the production of important cyanobacterial bioactive compounds are outlined in the chapter along with commercial products currently available on the market.