bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the application of the Manoilov reaction to determine the sex of the intrauterine fetus.
Authors: Chigarin A. P.
Published: February 2022

Sexual dimorphism has been an extremely important and interesting problem of biology for the last 25 years. The discovery by Mac Kleen and Wilson (in 1905 ) of the x-chromosome and the quantitative difference between chromosomes in the egg cell and sperm cell of the bug Anesa tristis, which produce an even or odd combination during copulation and predetermine further development of a female (22 chromosomes) or a male (21 chromosomes), discovery by Wichardt of the possibility to distinguish human blood from that of great apes by cross immunization, as well as male blood from female blood, at a high degree of their dilution, the known difference between male and female blood in the number of red blood cells (Ngeli), their sedimentation (Faerheus) and viscosity (Determan), in Ph and the content of protein and colloidal substances, i.e., in the biochemical composition of blood cells. ie biochemical composition, as well as the total amount of blood (Rattman) - all these facts confirm that the male body is biologically sharply different from the female. At the same time, works of recent years in the field of endocrinology definitely indicate that the marked difference depends on the endocrine glands and mainly on the sex glands (Voronov, Steinach, Zavadovsky, etc.), whose hormones enter the blood. The latter, as a transmitter of everything that happens in the body, reflects as a mirror all the smallest changes in it, which is confirmed daily by clinical and experimental evidence. In particular, pregnancy in a woman, causing various changes in the whole organism, among other things, leads to a number of changes in the blood, and among these changes we can expect to find such, which depend on the function of fetal glands.
Value of blood and urine ninhydrin reaction in the diagnosis of uterine myomas
Authors: Shirshov D. I.
Published: February 2022

Pathologically, histologically and genetically, "globular" uterine myomas are currently studied in great detail. Many clinical phenomena observed in myomas, however, require more in-depth study. I will focus readers' attention, for example, on the question of the causal relationship between diseases of the cardiovascular system and uterine myomas, a question to which an extensive literature is devoted, but which, however, has not yet been solved definitively.
To the serodiagnosis of syphilis. Mapo (Deut. m Woch., 1928, No. 15)
Authors: Weinstein A.
Published: February 2022

Wanting to use the agglutination reaction for syphilis serodiagnosis, Mаnо took a culture of pale spirochaetes from the old Wassemann and Fischer laboratory strain) and syphilitic serum (the latter was taken in a dilution of 1:80-1:1280). In a study of 100 sera, the agglutination reaction coincided with Wassermann's in only 55%.
Possibility of transmission of syphilis by paralytic and tabetic patients. Jahnel (Wien. kl. Woch., 1928, No. 28)
Authors: Weinstein A.
Published: February 2022

The author concluded that if transmission of syphilis by paralytics and tabetics is possible (individual cases of such transmission are described in the literature), it is practically irrelevant due to its extreme rarity.
An aid in the diagnosis of mastoiditis. Friesner and Rosen (Mon. f. Ohrenhlk. etc., 1928, H. 4, S. 413)
Authors: Lebedevsky B.
Published: February 2022

The authors suggest determining the calcium content in the ear sediment. In cases of acute mastoiditis with bone necrosis, the amount of calcium increases to 33 mg. (on average) per 100.0 mg of pus, while in suppuration of soft parts or in acute otitis media this amount does not exceed 7.7-9.6 mg.
Pr.-Doc. N. M. Rudnitsky. Treatment of tuberculosis. Pr. Med. 147 pp. 1927. Price 1 r. 50 к.
Authors: Voltaire B.
Published: February 2022

R.'s book consists of lectures on tbc therapy, given by the author at the Leningrad State Institute for Moustache Doctors (10 lectures). The author aimed in this small manual to give novice physicians "solid therapy of tbc", i.e. to give the most valid therapy of this disease, without cluttering their attention with a number of often homogeneous and sometimes little tested methods.
Impressions from the II International Congress of Radiology in Stockholm
Authors: Gasul R. Ya.
Published: February 2022

At the opening of the Congress, 24/VII, after the solemn ceremony of handing over the gold chain with the medal by the former chairman of the First International Congress to the present chairman, reports were heard on the question of teaching and specializing in radiology in 23 countries. Prof. Nemenov (Leningrad) spoke on behalf of the Soviet roentgenologists. All of these reports suggested the necessity of compulsory teaching of radiology in higher medical schools. All in all 192 reports were presented at the Congress. 72 of them were divided in sections and subsections as follows: 72 reports on Roentgen Diagnostics, 51 on Roentgen and Radiotherapy, 30 on Biology and 39 on Physics and Electrology.
On the genesis of hypertension
Authors: Litsyn P. P.
Published: February 2022

The question about the genesis of hypertension is still very unclear. Every year we meet in the literature revision of this pathological phenomenon and construction of new theories to explain it. It is known that an increase in blood pressure accompanies some diseases: nephritis, lead poisoning, tabetic crises, and in these cases the etiology of hypertension is associated with the nature of these diseases; in essential hypertension the etiology of the increase in blood pressure remains unclear, why exactly these forms of hypertension and cause so much debate.
On the diagnostic value of phrenicus-phenomenon in abdominal diseases
Authors: Gabay A.
Published: February 2022

The symptom described by Guneau-de-Mussy phrenicus (painfulness under pressure on the sensitive branches of the n. phrenici of the corresponding side) has long been considered pathognomonic for inflammatory processes involving, in respiratory diseases of the corresponding side, the diaphragmatic pleura, and served for differential recognition of these diseases from diseases of the abdominal cavity.
On the issue of vaginal damage sub coitu
Authors: Pergament N. S.
Published: February 2022

Even in ancient times, attention was drawn to various abnormal phenomena occurring sub coitu (painful sensations reaching the point of fainting, damage to the genitals, etc.), which were then mainly attributed to the abnormal size of the penis. In the medical literature such cases were first described in 1621 in an article by Plazzonus De partibus generatione inservientibus, which describes a case of formation of recto-intestinal-vaginal fistula on the grounds of sub coitus trauma. Neugebauer was the first in 1899 to collect a casuistry of vaginal injuries sub coitu, with 157 cases. After him, S. Rogov collected 16 such cases, Raspopova-Vinogradova-20 and A. Wert-18 cases.
Upper limb reflexes
Authors: Galant I. B.
Published: February 2022

In this article I will not dwell on a detailed description of all reflexes of the upper limbs. Such work seems unnecessary in view of the fact that the German author Kurt Tiefensee in 1925 in his extensive work entitled "Die Reflexe an den oberen Extremitten" summed up quite successfully our knowledge in this field, having described and tested on material of the Koenigsberg psychiatric clinic all 20 upper limb reflexes known at that time, and the Russian author, employee of the Kazan psychiatric clinic, gave on pages of Kaz. Med. in 1926 he gave a detailed abstract of Tiefensee's work, thus making the results of his research available to all Russian physicians. Here I will remind readers of the 20 upper limb reflexes described by Tiefensee and then proceed to describe six new upper limb reflexes discovered by various authors in recent years.
Venous pulse recording technique. W. Vollers (Zeit. f. Kreislaujforschung, H. 17)
Authors: Raisky S. M.
Published: February 2022

The technique of recording the venous pulse, according to the author's suggestion, can be simplified and refined by introducing a glass capsule with two hooks, between which a rubber band is put, tied around the examinee through the right clavicle and the left armpit.
Treatment of tabetic atrophy of the optic nerve. Mauksch (Ztschr. f. A., Bd. 65, H. 6)
Authors: Volzhensky E.
Published: February 2022

Based on the histological data of Wehr's work on the pathogenesis of optic atrophy as a degenerative process occurring as a result of desolation of the feeding capillaries, in order to increase blood circulation and elevate nutrition of the optic nerve fibers the author made an experience of treatment of tabetic atrophy by surgical opening of the grid bone and sphenoid sinus with subsequent insertion of swabs changed in adrenaline solution.
The original method of electro-serodiagnosis of pregnancy. Kumagai (from Berich. ü. d. ges. Gyn., Bd. 14)
Authors: Board E.
Published: February 2022

In the blood of pregnant women circulate specific substances (antigen), which form antibodies against placental proteins, and there is a marked change in the electric charge of the antigen. On this basis, the author advises to prepare an alcoholic extract of placenta, add it to the serum under study and pass an electric current through the mixture, observing then under a microscope the movement of particles to the anode. Without the addition of serum, this rate is 3.2 , per second, with the addition of normal serum it is 2.2 , and with pregnant serum it is 1.0 per second.
On the etiology of uterine cancer. Graves (Am. journ. of surg., 1927)
Authors: Timofeev A.
Published: February 2022

According to Graves, inadequate outflow of uterine secretions is a predisposing point for the development of uterine cancer. This insufficient outflow of the uterine secretions may be due to constrictions, closure of the lumen, or scarring anywhere along its length. Inflammatory and neoplastic changes are not the cause, but the consequence of stenosis.
Treatment of uterine cancer with acetone and radium. Gellhorn (Zentr. f. G., 1927, No. 49)
Authors: Timofeev A.
Published: February 2022

Radium may not be applicable in all cases of uterine cancer, and for these cases G. suggests treatment with acetone. These cases are: 1) patients with cutaneous cachexia, who are unable to tolerate the body's load of decay products in radium treatment; 2) patients with bladder and rectal lesions; and 3) cases with planar spread of cancer along the vaginal walls.
Wassermann's active method of reaction. Lifshitz (Russ. v. derm., 1928, No. 5)
Authors: Weinstein A.
Published: February 2022

Wassermann's active reaction method proposed by Hecht consists, as is known, in the use of natural hemolysin to sheep red blood cells and natural complement in the tested active patient serum. Lifshitz tested it on 306 sera, slightly modifying the technique (using a drop method, a water bath instead of a thermostat, and reducing the reaction time to 45 minutes instead of 2 hours).
Lupus erythematosus and cancer. Riel (Dermat. Zeit., 1927, No. 51)
Authors: Sergeev V.
Published: February 2022

The author describes 6 cases where on the surface affected by this form of lupus a squamous cell carcinoma developed. In three cases, irritation of the skin with X-rays seems to have played a role in the occurrence of cancer; in the other cases, other irritating therapeutic measures and a chronic inflammatory process played a role.
A rapid microscopic examination of tissues. Dudgeon and Patrick (Ref. Zentr. f. Chir., 1928, No. 26)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: February 2022

The authors take thin pieces of tissue freshly cut with a sharp scalpel and immerse them for 2 or, better, 10 minutes in Schandin's solution (2 parts saturated solution of mercury chloride, 1 part of absolute alcohol, a few drops of vinegar so that the solution contains 4% acetic acid. absolute alcohol and a few drops of vinegar so that the solution contains 4% acetic acid solution), then the preparation is washed in alcohol and distilled water, stained with Mauer's haemalaun and eosin, dried and cleared with absolute alcohol and xylene, after which the sections are embedded in Canadian balsam.
Robert Sommer. Animal Psychology. Published by Quelle and Meyer in Leipzig, 1925
Authors: Galant I.
Published: February 2022

S. begins his book on animal psychology with a chapter on the history of animal psychology. This is followed by the chapter "Animals and Man". In this chapter S. expresses the basic idea that the scientific study of animal psychology must be made on an anatomical basis, rooted in the morphological and embryological features of animals. The third chapter, "Straightened gait, arm and leg," leads to the conclusion that in each species of the animal kingdom studied psychologically special attention must be paid to the general structure of the body, chiefly to the structure of the limbs with respect to their adaptability to certain external circumstances.
On hemoglobin-precipitins
Authors: Gusev A. D.
Published: February 2022

In the August 1927 issue of the "Kazan Medical Journal" I reported the results of my experiments on immunization of rabbits with crystalline horse hemoglobin and then noted the extreme importance of obtaining hemoglobin-precipitin serum for forensic medicine. At that time, I immunized four rabbits with human red blood cell extract and six rabbits with crystalline horse hemoglobin. I will not repeat here the results of immunization, I will only remind you that immunization with an extract of red blood cells did not give a specific serum, while immunization with crystal hemoglobin gave results quite similar to those obtained by Higaschi in 1923.
Anesthesia of the plexus brachialis in the subclavian fossa. Kim (Zentr. f. Chir., 1928, No. 23)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: February 2022

It is known that Baolg proposed a new method of anesthesia of the brachialis plexus, which consists in introducing a needle at the apex of the proc, coracoidei, parallel to the clavicle, in a medial direction at an angle of 85 to the table, where the patient lies on his back. With this insertion, the needle on the II rib touches the plexus. Kim, making experiments on cadavers, was convinced that in some individuals the ink did not spread throughout the brachialis plexus, so he injected half of the novocaine solution with adrenaline (30-40 cc of 2% solution) according to Balog's method, and the other half was injected by guiding the needle medial to the middle of the subclavian fossa.
Results of treatment with serum of severely ill scarlatina patients. Nobecourt, Martin and Bizé (Soc. de Ped., 1928, No. 7)
Authors: Tarnopolsky I.
Published: February 2022

The authors used a Debr, Lamy and Bonnet anti-scarlatino serum, close in technique to the Dick's serum and equal in titer to 10,000 doses of Dick's in 1 c. The treatment, although timely and sufficiently applied, had no therapeutic effect on early complications of the disease, nor any prophylactic effect on later complications.
Brain disorders in malignant anemia. E. Weil and R. Cahen (Presse med., 1928, No. 60)
Authors: Kramov N.
Published: February 2022

The authors point out that the clinical picture of pernicious anemia can be dominated by brain disorders, making it difficult to diagnose. Cabot and Woltmann reported psychiatric disorders, namely, mental weakness and melancholy, in 25-35% of all cases of the disease. The character of the disorders is very variable: they are either depressive or of the agitation type, the latter more frequent; delirium of persecution with auditory and visual hallucinations usually predominates.
To the etiology of lupus erythematosus. F. Kolyada (R. West, Derm., 1928, No. 7)
Authors: Bikkenin S.
Published: February 2022

The author examined the blood and urine of 25 lupus patients on a purine-free diet for uric acid content and found an increase in the blood while decreasing in the urine in 44% of all cases.
X-ray diagnosis of diseases of the respiratory organs. Fleischner (Fort. a. d. G. d. R., Bd. 36, H. 1)
Authors: Gasul R.
Published: February 2022

The author describes a phenomenon typical for infiltration of pulmonary tissue in contrast to pleural processes - light bronchi against the background of uniformly darkened lung fields. - On a number of very instructive radiographs N. Assmann (ib., H. 3) parses the differential-diagnostic difficulties in analyzing the X-ray picture of bronchocarcinomas, miliary forms of tbc and carcinosis, lymphogranuloma, leukemia and syphilis of the lungs. As pure cases of these diseases are rare, their picture on the X-ray is overlapping, and the diagnosis can be made only on the basis of X-ray and clinical data simultaneously.
Treatment of myxedematous cretinism. Kurtzahn and Hübener (Zentr. f. Chir., 1927, No. 27)
Authors: Cimhes I.
Published: February 2022

Kurtzahn and Hbener successfully used injections of thyroid gland mush in 3 cases of this disease.
Dr. T. H. VandeVelde. Die vollkommene Ehe, ihre Physiologie und Technik. 340 pp., 5 curves, 8 color tables. Ed. by Benno Konegen, Mediz. Verlag Leipzig u. Stuttgart. 1928. Price 10,50 marks
Authors: Gasul R. Ya.
Published: February 2022

Until recently the "technique" of love, the "technique" of marital life was familiar only to a few sexologists and in a distorted form to so-called voluptuous people who knew from illustrated pornographic publications about certain techniques and positions devoid of aesthetics, far from normal, healthy physiology and which degrade the dignity of partners in their own eyes. In this book the old gynecologist and sexologist, for the first time, dared to speak openly on the basis of the latest anatomical, physiological and clinical data in bourgeois Berlin about the importance of a whole series of bio-mechanical moments in the sexual act.
Clinical observations on the treatment of syphilis with myosalvarsan. Petrova and Zakharievskaya (Phys. Gaz., 1927, No. 24)
Authors: Yasnitsky N.
Published: February 2022

Technical difficulties often encountered in practice when administering neo intravenously, as well as a number of contraindications from the heart and liver, require a cautious approach to the use of neo intravenously. At present, these difficulties are largely eliminated due to the possibility of using the new drug myosalvarsan intramuscularly.
Pathology of the reticulo-endothelial apparatus
Authors: Vilensky L. I.
Published: February 2022

In our previous work "To the teaching of the functional diagnostics of the reticulo-endothelial apparatus" we, using Adler's and Reimann's methodology, established that determination of colloidal solutions excretion from human blood, producing intravital staining, gives an opportunity to judge about the function of the reticulo-endothelial apparatus. We made the following statements: 1) In healthy humans one hour after injecting into a vein 10 cc. 1% dye solution, 30% of it remains in the blood. 2) In infectious patients there is a delay of dye withdrawal from the blood depending upon the case gravity: a) at easy infections in an hour after dye injection into a vein 50% colloid remains in the blood plasma of patients, b) at severe infections in an hour after intravenous injection 70-80-100% of the dye remains. Retention of dye in the blood plasma is also observed in infected rabbits, as well as in white rats infected with Duttoni spirochaete. Subsequently, we continued our studies and became even more convinced of the correctness of our statements.
On the comparative value of some simple micromethods for quantitative determination of blood sugar
Authors: Shpanir F. L.
Published: February 2022

Blood sugar quantification is very important in a number of disease states and has recently become particularly important in assessing the results of insulin therapy and its danger in terms of the occurrence of hypoglycemia. It is also important for determining the severity of a metabolic disorder and for prescribing therapy in cases of diabetes, when glycosuria is absent or negligible, and also in insulin therapy of nondiabetic conditions, where at the beginning of treatment there is no hyperglycemia, and due to this there is a danger of causing the latter. Finally, it is established that the state of the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine apparatus in general is reflected in the blood sugar content.
Congenital heart anomalies
Authors: Permyakov F. K.
Published: February 2022

In practice, clinicians often have to face a number of difficulties in the recognition of congenital heart abnormalities, because very often the data available for the diagnosis, such as the boundaries of the heart, its murmurs, etc., are so similar for various defects of this organ that it becomes extremely difficult to differentiate on the basis of these defects. Particularly difficult is the diagnosis of congenital heart disease, for which recognition during life is often only a more or less probable guess. A detailed diagnosis of congenital heart disease," says Вalfour, "is a wide field for romance".
On the comparative effects of artificial and natural mineral waters
Authors: Grigoriev-Putilov V. P.
Published: February 2022

Mineral waters in the treatment of diseases of the digestive tract everywhere enjoy a well-deserved reputation. Unfortunately, they are not widely available due to their high cost and often simply because they are not available in many remote areas. In addition, during the long transportation to the places far from Caucasus, the main supplier of our waters, the possibility of changing the very composition of the mineral water is not excluded. Due to these reasons especially Siberia is forced to use artificial instead of natural mineral waters, and the comparative value of artificial and natural waters is especially important for it. Clarification of this question is the task of the present work.
On rhinoplasty
Authors: Gusev P. F.
Published: February 2022

On 5/V1 1926, patient A. L. was admitted to the Surgical Department of the Vetluga Hospital. L., forty years old, with a missing nasal tip. It turned out that the tip had been bitten off by her husband six months ago. Both the coccyx and a portion of the wings of the nose were missing. Other than this she has no other illnesses. An operation was performed on 7/VI under novocaine. For nasal tip formation a part of the patient's auricle greater than one centimeter in width and about one centimeter in length, of full thickness, was taken and freely transferred to the previously prepared, refreshed surface of the nose by removing the scar tissue. The graft took root well. The nose, to the displeasure of the patient's husband, turned out quite beautiful. Healing passed without any complications. The stitches were taken off on 12/VI and the patient was discharged on 3/VII. The temperature was normal all the time. The patient was kept in the hospital for some time to see if there would be any changes in the newly formed nasal tip, but there were none.
On the need to correct microcirculation in patients with acute pneumonia and chronic bronchitis
Authors: Valimukhametova D. A. , Kopylov A. N. , Sergeev V. A.
Published: February 2022

The parameters of microcirculation of the bulbar conjunctiva, rheological properties of blood and some indicators of hemocoagulation in dynamics were studied in 40 patients with acute pneumonia and 34 patients with chronic bronchitis. The importance of these studies for assessing the severity and completeness of the inflammatory process in the bronchopulmonary system, as well as the effectiveness of the therapy for these diseases is shown.
Materials for the study of postpartum infection
Authors: Timofeev A. I. , Dyakonov V. V.
Published: February 2022

The issue of postpartum infection and measures to combat it, despite its antiquity, has not lost its relevance at the present time. There are two main reasons for this: firstly, the fact that, in spite of all modern aseptic precautions in childbirth and the introduction of sub graviditate prevention, the rate of maternal morbidity has not been reduced to the desired minimum; secondly, the fact that we still do not have a fully reliable treatment for postpartum sepsis.
Aetiology, pathogenesis, and clinic of elephantiasis
Authors: Levin I. A.
Published: February 2022

Elephantiasis arabum is a group of diseases with a characteristic clinical syndrome, pathogenesis, with local pachydermia and hypertrophy of all layers of skin and subcutaneous tissue. A common distinction is made between: 1) sporadic elephantiasis, 2) endemic, 3) congenital, and 4) secondary. If the clinical picture, pathological and anatomical changes and, probably, pathogenesis of this disease have been studied rather well, the same cannot be said about etiology.
Neutrophilic phagocytosis in influenza in children
Authors: Pikuza O. I. , Mayansky A. N. , Fayzullina R. A. , Khabibullina S. Kh.
Published: February 2022

Peculiarities of restoring the parameters of the phagocytosis system in 58 children aged 5 days to 3 years with influenza were studied. A pronounced immunosuppressive effect of the influenza virus on the functional state of neutrophilic granulocytes and a slow recovery of their function, especially in the course of the disease in children of the first year of life, were revealed. A decrease in the phagocytic reserve during clinical recovery was combined with frequent recurrent illnesses in children, which can serve as one of the criteria for a high risk of forming a group of frequently ill children who have had influenza.
About surgical treatment of Meckel's diverticulum
Authors: Osipov A. P. , Karpeev A. V.
Published: February 2022

Periodically, detailed materials on Meckel's diverticulum appear in the literature. In addition, reports on single and casuistic observations of pathological conditions caused by this congenital defect are often published in surgical journals. These materials quite well cover the issues of history and embryogenesis, the clinic of pathological conditions and their treatment; examples of various combinations of Meckel's diverticulum with other diseases, its complications, etc. are given. At the same time, the authors note difficulties, especially diagnostic ones: before surgery, Meckel's diverticulum is detected in rare cases [1], while mortality reaches 16.624% [ 1, 7]. All these diagnostic miscalculations are probably due to the fact that Meckel's diverticulum is quite rare. According to A. A. Rusanov [5] during the autopsy of corpses, it is found in approximately 2% of cases, and according to V. Toshovsky and O. Vikhitil [6] - in 0.3-2.3%. In practical surgery, each surgical finding of this pathology causes a lively discussion, so all reports of Meckel's diverticulum are very interesting.
About the court cases of doctors
Authors: Epstein T. D.
Published: February 2022

Let us now turn to the second group of cases, cases in which doctors are accused of crimes in office. It is quite natural to expect such cases, and even in fairly large numbers, since the vast majority of doctors in the Soviet state are in state and public service, and omissions and abuses, as well as misunderstandings, are always possible in the working environment and can be the basis for a legal case. It must be said to the credit of our medical staff that there are very few such cases, and that the majority of such cases are misunderstandings overblown to inadequate proportions.
X-ray diagnosis of bone and joint diseases. H. Friedrich (Fort. auf. d. Geb. b. Röntg., Ed. 36, H. 3)
Authors: Gasul R.
Published: February 2022

In this area we should note H. Friedrich's indication that by blowing air into the knee joint it is possible to determine, by X-ray, the sclerosed fatty tissue, which in many cases is the cause of impingements, or a concomitant point in a meniscus injury.
X-ray diagnosis of renal disease. Th. Cohn (Arch. klin. Chir., Bd. 148)
Authors: Tsimkhes I.
Published: February 2022

In all cases, where there is irritation of renal pelvis, as well as in the presence of purulent processes in the kidneys and ureters, the author recommends injecting warm air into the renal pelvis instead of some liquid. Having used this method in 305 cases in 192 patients, the author always obtained an excellent X-ray picture and never observed any complications.
Modern treatment of tbc of the larynx. Rickmann (Strahlentherapie, Bd. 20, S. 291)
Authors: Gasul R.  Ya.
Published: February 2022

The author does not share the pessimistic view that the process in the larynx is incurable. As with pulmonary tbc, climatic and hygienic factors play a major role here. One of the most important conditions for cure, according to the author, is-silence, Schweigekur. The cough must be suppressed.
Paratyphoid osteomyelitis. Eljasberg (Warsz. Czasop. Lek., 1927, No. 1)
Authors: Weinberg M.
Published: February 2022

The author describes the following case: a patient 2 years ago had allegedly suffered from typhoid fever and since then has been experiencing pains in the right thigh, which doctors sometimes take for rheumatic or neuralgic; there are no outward signs of disease in the thigh, only a strong pain on pressing in the middle part of the thigh from the outside.
Operative treatment of splenomegaly. E. Weil and Grégoire (Pr. med., 1927, No. 60)
Authors: Kramov N.
Published: February 2022

The authors divide splenomegaly into 2 groups: 1) proliferative, where surgery is contraindicated,-this includes splenomegaly in leukemia, pseudoleukemia, spleen disease, and spleen sarcoma. Nodgkin'a and sarcoma of the spleen; 2) inflammatory chronic,-in tbc, syphilis, kala-azar, naludism, etc. In the latter group good results from splenectomy have been noted: Mauo, for example, had 7 successful cases out of 8 cases of tbc of the spleen and 5 successful cases out of 6 luetic splenomegaly.
Treatment of septic osteomyelitis of the cranial and facial hands. V. Blair in J. B. Brown (Ref. Journ. de chir., 1927, No. 4)
Authors: Shidlovsky I.
Published: February 2022

The authors are ardent supporters of the old conservative method of treatment of this disease. In their opinion, in this latter case it is necessary first of all to establish a good drainage of the focus as early as possible with a minimum of surgical trauma, then to wait until the virulence of the infection decreases and the dead bone separates spontaneously from the living one, and finally, at this favorable moment to remove all fragments of dead bone, affecting as little granulation as possible.
Treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with a bone and periosteal graft. G. Montier (Revue d'Orthopédie, 1927, No. 4)
Authors: Alekseeva-Kozmina A.
Published: February 2022

The author cites a case of pseudarthrosis in a 5-year-old girl in the lower third of the tibia. The patient was operated as follows: subcutaneous tenotomy of the Achilles tendon and redressing of the tibiae; after exposing the pseudarthrosis site, reviving the articular ends and separating the periosteum in a circle, then sawing the bone-periosteal plate along the entire length of the tibiae and dividing it into 3 equal pieces, which are attached to the periosteum on the tibiae from three surfaces outward; these pieces are attached to the tibiae periosteum with catgut sutures. The cast is in place for 3 months.
On the introduction of neosalvarsan into the eye by iontophoresis. Abramowicz and Grossmann (Warsz. Czasop. Lek., 1927, No. 10)
Authors: Weinberg M.
Published: February 2022

The authors have proved that injection of neosalvarsan directly into the eye by iontophoresis (in keratitis parenchim.) gives much better results than injection into the vein. Already at 20-minute iontophoresis with 1% solution of neosalvarsan it is possible to detect arsenic in the anterior chamber of the eye.
Recent advances in infertility therapy. Sellheim (from Ber. ü. d. ges. Gyn., Bd. XIII)
Authors: Timofeev A.
Published: February 2022

Автор дает сводку современных методов исследования и терапии бесплодия. Многие из этих методов связаны с именем автора. Продувание труб, в особенности же сальпингография - позволяют точно установить степень и место непроходимости труб. Для случаев, где непроходимым является участок в р. isthmica трубы, автор рекомендует т. н. ретроградное продувание, которое производится через абдоминальное отверстие трубы при чревосечении и позволяет более точно установить, какой отрезок трубы мог-бы оказаться функционально-пригодным.
Schinz, Baensch und Friedl. Lehrbuch der Röntgendiagnostik mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Chirurgie. XVIII +1131 pages, 1722 radiographs and figures, 5 phototables. ed. by G. Thieme, Leipzig. 1928. Price 90 marks
Authors: Gasul R. Ya.
Published: February 2022

The present, sumptuously published and with rare clear reproductions of radiographs, is a guide to radiology, specifically on the roentgen diagnosis of surgical diseases, which differs from other voluminous German and French textbooks-collections, It is distinguished from other German and French textbooks by the fact that its entire presentation is from the point of view of the specialist surgeon-radiologist (Schninz-Zurich), who spared no expense in ensuring that in each chapter the radiological data is compared with the anatomical and surgical data in each section. Despite the surgical bias, this voluminous work presents all roentgenodiagnostics of internal diseases, by wealth of material it is not inferior to the well-known Assmann's textbook. In particular, skeletal diseases take up 458 pages, internal diseases some 618 pages, and the genitourinary apparatus 100 pages. In doing so, each section reflects all the advances of recent years that modern radiology is proud of.
The structure of the cerebral arterial system in individuals related by blood
Authors: Bik V. I.
Published: February 2022

In this brief report, I would like to share some results obtained in the study of the cerebral arterial system of persons related to each other by blood kinship. Collecting material on the question of racial peculiarities of the brain, last year, with the kind assistance of forensic physician O.I. Korchazhinskaya, I received the brain of a woman who died in the ninth month of pregnancy, as well as the brain of her fetus. Such material is a well-known rarity for our Institute, so it is natural that I wanted to study the received brains as comprehensively as possible; in particular, the arterial system was removed and fixed. At the same time, in order to preserve the brain for further study, I used the method of simultaneous study and preservation of both the brain and its arterial system.
Obtaining resistant hemoglobin crystals from human blood
Authors: Gusev A. D.
Published: February 2022

I will not dwell on all the huge literature on this issue, but I will only note that all these works can be divided into two groups: some of them were aimed at obtaining crystal hemoglobin to study its properties, while others were mainly aimed at establishing the differences of blood of different animals by the shape of hemoglobin crystals. It is quite natural that this second group of studies appeared already after the most important morphological properties of crystals had been studied.
Current status of the teaching of congenital syphilis
Authors: Yasnitsky N. N.
Published: February 2022

The extremely complicated question of congenital syphilis, which for decades had been the subject of comprehensive and careful study, seemed to find a solution at the beginning of this century in Matzenauer's major work, which exhaustively covered this tremendous problem and established the basic laws of parent to fetus transmission. It seemed that clarity and certainty were introduced into the question, leaving no room for doubts and disputes and reconciling the representatives of various theories. However, during the last two decades, in connection with the accumulation of colossal material on syphilis serodiagnostics and in connection with the attempts of some authors to make some changes in Matzenauer's teaching on the basis of purely clinical observations, congenital syphilis again becomes an acute topic of modern syphilidology.
Convulsions in early childhood and congenital syphilis. Nobécourt and Labée (Bull. de la Soc. de Ped. de Paris, 1928, No. 1)
Authors: Tarnopolsky I.
Published: February 2022

On the basis of observations on small children suffering from frequent convulsions, which were made during several years, the authors came to the following conclusions: 1) there are 40-50 syphilitics per 100 children suffering from convulsions, 2) there are 5-6 syphilitics per 100 children suffering from convulsions, and 3) there are 20-25 syphilitics per 100 children.
To the question of rhinoliths. Korsakov (Vest. R.L.O., 1927, No. 6)
Authors: Lopatina N.
Published: February 2022

The author describes the origin and formation of rhinoliths in connection with the ingress of foreign bodies into the nasal cavity and the subsequent deposition of salts. Other authors (Ruault, Chiari, Gerbert, Gzardo) attribute the development of rhinoliths to the fungus leptotrix buccalis.
Clinical significance of the variant anatomy of the left adrenal and testicular (ovarian) veins
Authors: Ibatullin I. A. , Belykh S. I. , Larin V. K. , Lobkarev O. A.
Published: February 2022

Three variants of the confluence of the central vein of the adrenal gland with respect to the testicular vein were identified. With nephrectomy on the left without selective ligation of the renal vessels, a decrease in the level of adrenal cortical hormones (aldosterone, cortisol) was found in the first 10 days after the intervention. Targeted ligation of the left renal vein distal to the orifice of the testicular veins is recommended, which is important for the prevention of adrenal insufficiency in the early postoperative period.
Precocious puberty in an 11 month old girl
Authors: Ledovskaya N. N. , Makarova S. A.
Published: February 2022

Premature sexual development is a rare pathology, accounting for 2.5% of the number of gynecological diseases in girls. However, in recent years, the frequency of this pathology has been increasing.
Strategies to Reduce Occupational Fraud in Small Restaurants
Authors: García Angel Ortiz
Published: February 2022

Occupational fraud is a growing business risk that is causing greater financial losses in small businesses than large businesses.  Business owners lose approximately 5% of their revenues due to occupational fraud.  The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies used by some business owners of small restaurants to reduce occupational fraud.  The fraud triangle theory was the conceptual framework for this study.  Three small restaurant owners from Puerto Rico participated in face-to-face, semi-structured interviews to reveal their successful strategies to minimize fraud.  The data collection process also included business documents and researcher observations that assisted in establishing methodological triangulation.  Using Yin’s 5-step process, data were coded and analyzed to identify emergent themes.  The primary emergent themes obtained from data analysis revealed that owner monitoring, analytical procedures, and segregation of duties are effective strategies to minimize employee fraud.  Participants revealed that implementing these strategies may reduce organizational losses associated with the fraud.  The findings of this study may contribute to social change by reducing fraud activities, business failures, unemployment level, and criminality rate while promoting trust between community members and their institutions.
Expression levels and activity of rat liver lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in alloxan diabetes
Authors: Eprintsev A.T. , Bondareva I.R. , Selivanova N.V.
Published: February 2022

A significant decrease in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) in liver cells of rats with alloxan diabetes was found due to a decrease in the expression of the corresponding genes. The decrease in the activity of the enzyme under study in experimental type I diabetes was associated with inactivation of the cytoplasmic isoform of LDH. It was found that the level of ldha and ldhb gene transcripts in the liver of healthy rats was higher than in animals with alloxan diabetes. The ldha gene expression demonstrated almost 9-fold decrease, while a decrease in the ldhb gene expression was less pronounced (just 1.25-fold). Probably, the decrease in the rate of functioning of the enzyme under study is associated with a decrease in the intensity of glucose uptake by cells, which leads to inhibition of glycolysis and intensification of all stages of gluconeogenesis, particularly, reversed glycolysis reactions. Thus, the data obtained by us indicate an important role of LDH in the adaptive response of cellular metabolism in the development of type I diabetes mellitus.
Adrenodoxins and their role in the cytochrome P450 systems
Authors: Shumyantseva V.V. , Bulko T.V. , Gnedenko O.V. , Yablokov E.O. , Usanov S.A. , Ivanov A.S.
Published: February 2022

The role of partner proteins in the formation of functional complexes in cytochrome P450 systems was investigated by means of optical biosensor technique. Kinetic constants and equilibrium dissociation constants of complexes of cytochrome CYP11A1 (P450scc) with wild-type adrenodoxin (Adx WT) and mutant forms of adrenodoxin R106D and D109R were determined using an optical biosensor. Wild-type adrenodoxin (Kd = (1.23±0.09)⋅10⁻⁶ M) and mutant D109R (Kd = (2.37±0.09)⋅10⁻⁸ M) formed complexes with cytochrome P450scc. For the R106D mutant, no complex formation was detected. To investigate the possibility of the participation of adrenodoxins and their mutant variants in the process of electron transfer as electron donors in mitochondrial cytochrome P450 systems, the electrochemical properties of these iron-sulfur proteins Adx WT and mutant forms of adrenodoxins were studied. Adx WT, mutant forms R106D and D109R have redox potentials E1/2 significantly more negative than cytochromes P450 (-579±10 mV, -590±15 mV, and -528±10 mV, respectively). These results suggest that Adx WT and mutant forms may be electron donors in the cytochrome P450 systems.
Outcome of intra-articular corticosteroid vs. intra-articular ketorolac in symptomatic knee osteo-arthritis: a retrospective study
Authors: Verma Vishal , Kunwar Abhijeet , Yadav Amresh , Verma Sudhanshu
Published: February 2022

Background: Main target of treatment of osteoarthritis is improvement of pain relief and functional impairment. Intra-articular triamcinolone injections are most common treatment approach in India in the non-operative management of painful osteoarthritis knee. Corticosteroids can significantly reduce local inflammatory reactions but have side effects like cartilage toxicity and increase risk of local infection. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been considered as an alternative in intra-articular injections for analgesia. They have strong anti-inflammatory effects and fewer adverse reactions as compared with triamcinolone injections. The primary aim of this study was to compare the outcome of patients with symptomatic knee osteo-arthritis receiving either an intra-articular ketorolac or corticosteroid injection.Methods: Our study is case-control, retrospective comparative study, a total of 50 patients with symptomatic knee osteo-arthritis, All patients received 4, weekly injection. triamcinolone or ketorolac for first three weeks and on 4th week only intra-articular sodium hyaluronate injections. All the parameters (VAS, WOMAC) were evaluated and recorded at 1st, 2nd, 5th weeks and 3 months after first injection.Results: At the first week, the VAS score was lower in group A, but no significant differences were found at any other time point as per WOMAC score and VAS score. And there was insignificant difference in group 1 and 2 scores.Conclusions: Both intra-articular injections regimen showed nearly same efficacy with clinically insignificant difference, ketorolac intra-articular injection can alleviate steroid’s side effects.
Are socio-economic characteristics and maternal dietary patterns dominant factors on four-star diet achievement of infants and young children (6-23 months)?
Authors: Thiha Kyaw , Cho Tin Aung , Lwin Aung
Published: February 2022

Background: Nutritional deficiency is one of the challenging issues in developing countries, especially in infants and young children and maternal dietary diversity has influencing effects on children’s complementary feeding. This study aimed to assess the influence of socio-economic characteristics and dietary patterns of mothers on four-star diet achievement of infants and young children in 3 townships in Magway region as well as perceived barriers of mothers on complementary feeding practices of infants and young children.Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study and mixed-method research. A total of 224 mothers were interrogated by pre-structured questionnaires. Moreover, in-depth interviews were done in 24 mothers.Results: Education level of mothers and age of the children were observed as strong predictors on children’s four-star diet achievement. In qualitative data analysis, misperceptions and lay beliefs of mothers on breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices of the children, adversities of mothers who worked outside of their home, influence of elder people in the family were identified as perceived barriers.Conclusions: This study is expected to facilitate policy makers with relevant findings and highlight that factors involved in improving the nutritional status of the infants and children.
A community cross-sectional study on knowledge attitude and practice of prevention of COVID-19 among traditional tribal healers in the tribal subpopulation zone of Sirohi district of Rajasthan
Authors: Dwivedi Rakhi , Dwivedi Pradeep , S. Yadav Suraj , Bohra Gopal , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Dutt Naveen , Deora Surender , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Panda Samhita , Singh Pratibha , Gehlot Sanjay , Singh Kuldeep
Published: February 2022

Background: Due to geographical location and limited health resources, tribal people in India still majorly consult traditional tribal healers of their community for their health needs. However, data regarding the knowledge, mode of practice, and utility of these tribal healers are not explored despite their significant role in the healthcare system. Our study assessed the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practices of traditional tribal healers toward the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with sociodemographic factors.Methods: Cross-sectional community based among the tribal healers of district Sirohi of Rajasthan. KAP study carried out with the help of a structured questionnaire about COVID-19, personal interviews, and community meetings among the tribal healers of district Sirohi of Rajasthan. A bivariate Pearson correlation analysis was performed, to identify factors related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices among socioeconomic data.Results: A total of 682 tribal healers participated in the study. Approximately, 55% of TH had a good knowledge score and 91% of TH had a good attitudinal score while 56% of TH had a good practice score. We observed that sociodemographic factors such as education status, education level, financial status in terms of income, marital status influenced the knowledge, attitude, and practices of tribal healers regarding COVID-19.Conclusions: With proper training, tribal healers can play the role of peer educators among the tribal population.