bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitől lesz élmény egy hazai desztináció? A hazai desztinációk élményfaktorainak meghatározása Szeged és Pécs példáján
Authors: Török Réka Szabina
Published: April 2024

A digitalizáció hatására az utazói elvárások és magatartás is jelentősen megváltozott, amelynek következtében a turisták az egyébként is élményszerű utazások esetében még inkább az élmények irányába fordultak. Kutatói oldalról pedig előtérbe került az emlékezetes turisztikai élmények vizsgálata, ugyanis ezek a legértékesebbek a fogyasztók számára. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy a TripAdvisor-on hagyott kommentek alapján rávilágítson Pécs és Szeged példáján a hazai nagyvárosok desztinációs élményfaktoraira. Ezáltal képet kaphatunk az említett településekre utazó fogyasztók gondolkodásáról, amely segíthet a desztinációknak, hogy versenyképesebben kommunikálhassanak potenciális utazóik irányába. Ehhez városonként 5-5 látványosság 60-60 hozzászólásai kerülnek vizsgálat alá, tehát településenként 300-300 vélemény alapján von le következtetéseket. A cikk újdonsága a hazai desztinációk élményszemléletű vizsgálatában rejlik, amelyhez egy, nemzetközileg elismert modellt alkalmaz, azt igyekszik a vizsgált településekre szabni. Az élményelemek mellett kiderül a kutatásból, hogy a kevésbé élmény alapú körülmények közül melyek alapfeltételek, hogy az élmény is megvalósulhasson.
Fogyasztói preferenciák vizsgálata választás alapú conjoint elemzéssel : Vásárolna-e önvezető autót?
Authors: Ujházi Tamás
Published: April 2024

Az önvezető járművek elterjedése gazdasági, társadalmi és egyéni szempontból egyaránt előnyös lehet, ha azokat elfogadják és ténylegesen használják is a jövőben. A technológia fejlettségi szintje azonban megelőzi a fogyasztói elfogadást, ezért kiemelkedő jelentőséggel bír utóbbi megértése. Jól látszik ez az utóbbi években megjelent szakcikkek nagy számából, melyek többsége kérdőíves megkérdezéssel vizsgálja az önvezető járművek használati szándékát. Felmerül ugyanakkor a válaszadók technológiával kapcsolatos személyes tapasztalatainak hiányából származó módszertani korlát. Tanulmányunkban ezért választás alapú conjoint elemzéssel vizsgáljuk a fogyasztók önvezető autókhoz kapcsolódó preferenciáit. Kutatásunkban az UTAUT modell független változóit használtuk termékattribútumokként. 300 kártyát hoztunk létre, melyek mindegyike egy elképzelt autót jelenít meg, válaszadóinkat pedig arra kértük, hogy válasszák ki azokat, amelyeket megvásárolnák. Az így összegyűjtött adatok segítségével megérthetjük az attribútumok relatív fontosságát a döntés során, illetve az attribútumszintek részhasznosságai mentén javaslatot tehetünk a fogyasztói igényeknek leginkább megfelelő önvezető autó karakterisztikáit illetően. Az is kiderült továbbá, hogy már most létezik olyan csoport, akik vásárolnának önvezető autót, amennyiben nem kell lemondaniuk a vezetés élményéről.
Önvezető járművekkel szembeni fogyasztói preferenciák vizsgálata tényleges próbautat követően
Authors: Ujházi Tamás , Lukovics Miklós , Majó-Petri Zoltán , Prónay Szabolcs
Published: April 2024

Az önvezető járművek kulcsfontosságú szerepet játszhatnak a hatékonyabb és fenntarthatóbb mobilitási megoldásokban. Az autonóm technológiát romboló innovációnak tekintjük, amelynek társadalmi elfogadottsága kulcsfontosságú. Ennek eredményeképpen egyre több szakirodalom foglalkozik az önvezető járművek lakossági elfogadottságának vizsgálatával, ahol a technológia elfogadásának különböző elfogadási modelljeit alkalmazzák, mint például a Technológia elfogadás és -használat egységes elméletét (UTAUT). Több kutató hangsúlyozza azonban, hogy az emberek valós élettapasztalatának hiánya komoly problémát jelent az önvezető járművek fogyasztói elfogadásának kizárólagosan kérdőív alapú megkérdezéses vizsgálata során. Továbbá, mivel az önvezető járművek olyan új termékek, melyek fejlesztése jelenleg is zajlik a fogyasztói elfogadás vizsgálata során is akképpen kell kezelni őket. E hiányosság áthidalására egy UTAUT-alapú, teljes profilú conjoint-elemzést alkalmaztunk, amelyet 40 olyan válaszadó töltött ki, akik átélték az önvezető autóban történő utazás élményét. Azt találtuk, hogy önvezető autók szempontjából a biztonság a legmeghatározóbb tényező, amelyet a funkcionális tényezők követnek, és végül lemaradva következnek a szubjektív tényezők.
Editorial
Authors: Davey Christopher J.
Published: April 2024

None
Hidden Text: Imaging and reading an ancient tablet encased in an envelope.
Authors: Siddall Luis R. , Raymond Carla A. , Bevitt Joseph J.
Published: April 2024

A tablet from Nimrud, which is encased in an inscribed clay envelope IA5.074 (ND 3430), was imaged at the Australian Synchrotron Imaging Medical Beamline (IMBL). This confirmed that there was a cuneiform tablet inside the envelope, the text of which could be read. The paper provides the details of the imaging, describes the tomography, offers a reading of the enclosed tablet and comments on the variation between the text on the envelope and tablet and the significance of this for Assyrian contract law.
À propos de l’origine du Codex Angus
Authors: Olivier Jean-Marie
Published: April 2024

None
Dezertarea în străinătate în timpul Primului Război Mondial. Studiu de caz
Authors:   Institutul de Istorie „Nicolae Iorga”, Academia Română, DRISTARU Gabriela
Published: April 2024

The article examines the topic of desertion in the Romanian army during World War I. Given the scarcity of studies in the field, the scope of the subject, and the early stage of the research, I chose to address the cases of desertion to a foreign country. This was a crime with a lower frequency and, therefore, easier to document. By presenting several examples, I examine who were the deserters, and, above all, what were the reasons behind their decision. The main sources for the contribution are the documents of the law enforcement institutions and those of the Courts Martial. I therefore also explore how the Romanian authorities managed the problem of desertion. However, I do not provide definitive answers on the topic. I rather propose working hypotheses and scenarios, necessary for further research and analysis of the subject.
Mihail Ralea – ministru al Muncii în guvernele dictaturii regale (martie 1938 – iulie 1940)
Authors:   Institutul de Istorie „Nicolae Iorga”, Academia Română, VASILE Cristian
Published: April 2024

Very few studies have dealt with Mihail Ralea’s activity as Minister of Labor. Scholars mostly focused on his involvement in the creation of the movement “Muncă şi voe bună“ [Work and Good Will]. Several authors who explored the history of the late interwar period referred to M. Ralea’s role as prominent member (even founder) of the National Renaissance Front, the only legal political party during King Carol II’s dictatorship. In contrast, the article examines M. Ralea’s activity by tying it to a variety of topics pertinent to labor politics: the definition of industrial work as a matter of national security; the search for social harmony in a state that invoked “workers’ justice“, but relied on big industrialists and financiers close to the dictator king; the infiltration of the working class by the fascist Legionary Movement; corporatism; the evolution of the „Work and Good Will“ movement; the establishment of the Guilds; and, the nationalist drift within the Ministry of Labor under Ralea, previously perceived as a center-left politician. I also examine the importance of M. Ralea’s main collaborator at the Ministry of Labor: Stavri C. Cunescu. The contribution relies on the following sources: Ralea’s and Cunescu’s files at the National Council for the Study of the Securitate Archives (CNSAS); material drafted by various informative-repressive bodies; relevant documents from the Ministry of Labor collection at the Central National Historical Archives; and, specialized publications from the late 1930s.
„Diplomaţia conferinţelor” sau intelectualizarea politicii externe a RPR sub regimul lui Gheorghiu-Dej
Authors:   Universitatea de Medicină, Farmacie, Ştiinţă şi Tehnologie „George Emil Palade” din Târgu Mureş, PÂRÂIANU Răzvan
Published: April 2024

Once Romania came under the influence of the Soviet Union, the new regime established in 1948 was integrated into the diplomatic system created by the Kremlin. The party-state in Bucharest participated in youth festivals, the world women's movement, intellectuals' conferences, the Christian Peace Movement, and particularly the World Peace Congress. All of these events served as propaganda instruments to discourage a more assertive Western anti-Sovietism. Since 1954, Khrushchev initiated a shift in Soviet policy, one focused on peaceful coexistence rather than confrontation between the two formerly irreconcilable political camps. The Romanian People's Republic, along with other state socialist countries, emulated this novel approach in Moscow. The article explores the impact of the new course on Romania’s cultural diplomacy in the late 1950s and the early 1960s. To establish credible diplomatic efforts, there was a need to rethink socialist culture and revalue the pre-communist heritage. This new culture was based on the Leninist principle of “the new culture, national in form, socialist in content”. It signaled that the regime had moved beyond de-Stalinization, and now possessed internal legitimacy that no longer relied on the presence of Soviet troops in the country. However, this socialist culture drew inspiration from postwar autochthonized Bolshevik (Stalinist) nationalism. The medieval tradition rediscovered by Soviet cultural studies (such as Dmitry Likhachev, Viktor Lazarev, or Boris Rybakov) fueled anti-Soviet sentiments in Bucharest, leading, by 1964, to a significant distancing from Moscow. This article traces the diplomatic efforts of the Romanian People's Republic during this period of latent learning of the new rules of the political game within the socialist camp.
Combaterea corupţiei prin presiune şi represiune – practici şi norme ale regimului comunist din România în anii ’70
Authors:   Institutul de Istorie „Nicolae Iorga”, Academia Română, POPA Cosmin
Published: April 2024

The beginning of the 1970s was a landmark moment in the evolution of the communist regime in Romania on several levels. A crucial one was the significant change of emphasis in the regime's anti-corruption policies. Nicolae Ceauşescu shifted the pressure from the party and bureaucratic apparatus to the entire society. The aim was not only to limit the economic effects of criminal activity but to also make political control more effective. As significant changes to the country’s economy loomed, the regime needed the full support of the party apparatus and the repressive system, both of whom would hold crucial roles in the implementation of these new economic policies. Ceauşescu carefully transformed party structures into oversight bodies directly subordinate to the Secretary-General. In parallel, he greatly enhanced the involvement of the secret police in the field. Nicolae Ceauşescu thus ensured both his total ability to manipulate the entire system and an important lever of control over the economy and society as a whole. For a while, these changes somewhat limited the economic effects of corruption. Yet, above all, they prevented any vernacular liberalization tendencies that could jeopardize the new direction of the regime.
Mabel E. Elliott, l'héroïne de Marach. Émergence et éclipse du témoin
Authors: Chabot Joceline
Published: April 2024

En 1919-1920, l’Américaine Mabel E. Elliott témoigne de sa première expérience personnelle et professionnelle en tant que médecin et travailleuse humanitaire auprès des réfugiés arméniens de Marach dans l’Empire ottoman occupé par les Alliés. Plongée au coeur du conflit qui oppose l’armée française déployée en Cilicie et les troupes nationalistes turques, elle organise le travail humanitaire et socio-sanitaire auprès des survivants du génocide de 1915. En février 1920, dans des conditions hivernales éprouvantes, elle doit évacuer l’hôpital (le personnel et les patients) et suivre les troupes françaises en compagnie de milliers d’Arméniens terrorisés à l’idée de tomber aux mains des soldats turcs. En s’inspirant des travaux de Jacques Walter et Béatrice Fleury mis en oeuvre dans le cadre du programme de recherche « Carrières testimoniales. Les devenirs-témoins de conflits des XXe et XXIe siècles », l’autrice cherche à comprendre les facteurs qui ont permis à Mabel E. Elliott d’acquérir « le statut de bon témoin ». Autrement dit, quel est le contexte historique et sociologique qui favorise l’émergence de ce témoin et de son témoignage ?
Les figures du témoignage dans les talk-shows télévisés
Authors: Rouquette Sébastien
Published: April 2024

À quelle condition des citoyens dits « ordinaires » – ni experts, ni syndicalistes, ni responsables politiques – peuvent-ils accéder aux talk-shows télévisés ? Au milieu des années 1980, tant au France qu’aux États-Unis, ces participants sont de plus en plus invités au titre de témoins représentants d’un groupe ou illustrant une situation. 40 ans plus tard, après que le nombre de chaînes – notamment privées – a été multiplié, la place accordée aux témoins télévisés est-elle toujours aussi importante ? La légitimité allouée à la parole testimoniale a-t-elle évolué ? Dans ce cas, quelles sont les implications médiatiques et sociales de cette évolution ?
THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS' LEARNING MOTIVATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) ON GRAMMAR MATERIAL
Authors: Suciati Suciati , Pradana Dian Arief Pradana , Rohmah St. Shabibatul Rohmah
Published: April 2024

Problem based leaning become one of teaching method ofimplementation instrusction. PBL required student to active duringleaning. Problem-based learning (PBL) is a self-directed learning strategywhere student work collaboratively in small group to investigate openendedrelatable case scenarios (Fukuzawa et al., 2017). Albanese et al in(Fukuzawa et al., 2017) wroten that Problem-based learning (PBL) canincreased student’s motivation and engagement in learning activity. It ismean that student have motivation to increase and engage active inlearning throught PBL. This research focus on achievemet motivationthat student have. This reseach used qualitative research method whichcover indentification, review the literatude,collect the data, analyze thedata and evaluate the research. questionnaires and interview used tocollect the data . Thirty four students enganged as participants. Based onthe data that was analyzed, the research present six things that motivatedthe student on grammar learning throught implementation PBL. Thoseare the role of grammar in english learning. The student’s spirit learning,More change to get achievement, PBL help student to show the ability inGrammar and english learning, Grammar is difficult. And feedback thathave sustainable effect in learning.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF NEEM EXTRACTS AND CARBOFURAN ON THE PERFORMANCE OF OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus) INFESTED BY ROOT KNOT NEMATODE IN KOGI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: S Hinmikaiye A , B Izuogu N , S Babalola T
Published: April 2024

The nematicidal effect of aqueous Azadirachtha indica (neem) leaf extract and a standard synthetic nematicide, carbofuran were evaluated for their effect on pathogenicity of Meloidogyne spp on growth and yield of okra. The experiment was carried out during the 2019/2020 cropping season. There were seven treatments and control replicated three times in a Randomized Complete Block Design to give a total of twenty-four plots. Data collected on growth and yield parameter were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test at 5% level of probability. The results  showed the effect of T7 (carbofuran) on okra to be significantly better than all other treatments tested.. Also at harvest, galling was significantly lower in carbofuran treated plants compared to the neem treated plants. The control plants were most galled with poor yield and had stunted growth. The moderate concentrations of both neem (100 and 200 ml aqueous, 100 and 200 ml ethanol, 25 and 50 g powdered neem and 0.26 g of carbofuran performed significantly (p<0.05) better than control plants in suppressing the effects of root-knot nematode on yield and growth of okra. These suggest that the neem extract have nematicidal property and would be effective in the management of root-knot nematodes. Treatment T5 (Powdered neem 25 g) had significantly better plant height and was therefore recommended to farmers in the study area, pending further studies.
Semiótica y su relación con las alegorías utilizadas en fiestas populares
Authors: Endara-Chimborazo Juan Carlos
Published: April 2024

El estudio de la semiótica y su relación con las alegorías presentes en las fiestas populares revela la complejidad de las expresiones culturales en diversos contextos. La semiótica emerge como una herramienta fundamental para comprender los significados subyacentes detrás de las alegorías utilizadas en estas celebraciones, permitiendo analizar la manera en que los símbolos y signos construyen narrativas simbólicas profundamente arraigadas en la identidad cultural de las comunidades. Estas alegorías no solo transmiten valores y tradiciones, sino que también reflejan preocupaciones contemporáneas y realidades socioeconómicas, políticas y ambientales. A través del análisis semiótico, se evidencia cómo las fiestas populares actúan como espacios de expresión y afirmación de la identidad colectiva, fortaleciendo los lazos comunitarios y promoviendo el diálogo intercultural. Asimismo, se destaca la importancia de reconocer la diversidad y la multiplicidad de significados presentes en estas manifestaciones festivas, lo que enriquece el panorama cultural global y fomenta el respeto por las diversas tradiciones y prácticas culturales. A decir verdad, la relación entre la semiótica y las alegorías en las fiestas populares constituye un área de estudio fascinante que permite profundizar en la comprensión de la dinámica cultural y social de nuestras sociedades contemporáneas.
Desarrollo de competencias digitales en la educación infantil: Experiencias y desafíos en el contexto actual
Authors: Chicaiza-Chimarro Ana Lucía
Published: April 2024

El desarrollo de competencias digitales en la educación infantil emerge como un aspecto crucial en el contexto actual, donde la tecnología desempeña un papel cada vez más prominente en la vida cotidiana. A través de una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura, se han identificado diversas experiencias y desafíos relacionados con este tema. Los estudios revelan una creciente conciencia entre los docentes en formación y los educadores en ejercicio sobre la importancia de adquirir habilidades digitales para potenciar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la primera infancia. Asimismo, se observa una tendencia al alza en la utilización de herramientas tecnológicas, como entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, en el aula de educación infantil. Sin embargo, a pesar de estos avances, existen desafíos significativos que requieren atención, como la falta de formación específica en competencias digitales y las dificultades para adaptarse a la educación virtual, especialmente en situaciones de crisis como la pandemia COVID-19. Es hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de desarrollar estrategias efectivas de formación y apoyo para los educadores, así como de invertir en recursos tecnológicos adecuados para garantizar una integración efectiva de la tecnología en el entorno educativo de la primera infancia. Así pues, el desarrollo de competencias digitales en la educación infantil es un proceso dinámico que requiere una atención continua y una respuesta adaptativa a los desafíos emergentes en el contexto educativo actual.
La importancia del pensamiento crítico y la resolución de problemas en la educación contemporánea
Authors: Ilbay Guaña Evelyn Lizeth
Published: April 2024

En esta investigación, se abordó la importancia del pensamiento crítico y la resolución de problemas en la educación contemporánea, con el objetivo de analizar cómo estas habilidades pueden ser cultivadas en el contexto educativo actual. Se empleó una metodología cualitativa, utilizando un enfoque basado en la revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda exhaustiva en diversas fuentes académicas y revistas especializadas para recopilar y analizar investigaciones relevantes y teorías existentes sobre el tema. Los resultados revelaron la importancia de integrar estrategias pedagógicas que fomenten el pensamiento crítico y la resolución de problemas en todas las áreas de estudio, así como la necesidad de adaptar el currículo para abordar estas habilidades de manera efectiva. Se identificaron patrones emergentes en la literatura que destacan la interrelación entre el pensamiento crítico, la creatividad y la capacidad de resolver problemas en un entorno educativo contemporáneo. Sucintamente, esta investigación subraya la relevancia de cultivar habilidades de pensamiento crítico y resolución de problemas para preparar a los estudiantes para enfrentar los desafíos del siglo XXI en la educación contemporánea.
Classroom to Class Zoom: Lived Realities in Teaching English as a Second Language in the Philippine Context
Authors:   College of Education, Arts and Sciences, Capiz State University Pontevedra Campus, Capiz, Philippines, Lachica, Louis Placido F.
Published: April 2024

There are shifts in English language teaching in the Philippine context. This study utilized transcendental phenomenology to describe the lived realities of English language teachers until post-pandemic. Ricoeur's hermeneutic analysis was used in making sense of the data transcripts. Twenty language teachers served as participants. Peer review, reflexivity, and iteration all contributed to the trustworthiness of the findings. The findings demonstrated that the new normal and post-pandemic ESL teaching was challenging and demanding. The classroom environment has evolved and is easier than it seems. The challenges encountered were the learning delivery, budget allocation for materials, technical difficulties, social interaction, and the development of suitable instructional materials. The language teachers learned to be resilient, innovative, considerate, and open to changes. The views on ESL teaching enable teachers to adjust to the changes in the present setup. The essence of language teachers' lived realities serves as their guidance for more excellent learning facilitation. The lived realities of the ESL teachers altered and modified their constructs of English language teaching for the present and future.
Whistleblowing Policy Disclosure Among Malaysian Listed Shariah-Compliant Companies
Authors:   Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, Syahrul Ahmar Ahmad  , Noraisah Sungip  ,   Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, Rahimah Mohamed Yunos  ,   Faculty of Accountancy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Published: April 2024

Despite the fact that there are legislative safeguards to protect whistleblowers, there is no specific regulation requiring Malaysian firms to establish a standardised whistleblowing disclosure. The purpose of this research is to determine the level of whistleblowing policy disclosures among Malaysia’s top 100 shariah-compliant listed firms. The study employed a content analysis approach to determine the level of disclosure of whistleblowing policies, which were evaluated using a self-developed checklist. The whistleblowing disclosure index was created specifically utilising the guidelines given by the MCCG (2021), the OECD (2011), and Standards Australia (2003). According to this research, a substantial majority of Malaysian Shariah-compliant companies in the Top 100 do not provide thorough disclosure in their whistleblowing policies. Despite those who achieved 81 percent to 100 percent disclosure of their whistleblowing policies, a large proportion of these Shariah-compliant organisations produced less than 50 percent of the desired disclosures of their whistleblowing policies. This study is consistent with the Minority Shareholders Watchdog Group’s (MWSG) findings that the implementation of whistleblowing policies in Malaysian-listed corporations is poor. The findings of this study have significant implications for improving knowledge of the need for Shariah-compliant organisations to have effective and comprehensive corporate whistleblower policies. Hopefully, this would help regulators establish effective tools to promote whistleblowing and demand the mandatory installation of an internal whistleblowing system among Malaysian Shariah-compliant enterprises to provide better responsibility and openness to the public, consistent with the teachings of Islam.
Individual Liberties in Islamic Society: A Sociological Analysis of the Relationship between Moroccan Youth to Body and Sexuality
Authors:   Regional Academy of Education and Formation Eastern Region, Morocco, Azzeddine El Faraa  , Fatima Ika  ,   LADSiS, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to contribute to the scientific debate on the course and destiny of individual liberties in Morocco-Islamic contexts. By liberties, it is understood here to mean cultural attitudes and relationship represented by how the young relate to their bodies, and how they engage in sexual practices. This research is a sociological study on the relationship between symbols of individual liberties and how those representations get articulated in individual practices among a sample of Moroccan youths. Through close reading and reflection on some of the findings of a field study on Morocco’s individual liberties, it was found that some issues related to individual liberties, such as body relations and sexual practices before and/or outside marriage, posed many controversies. The findings establish a research problem that begs the central question: To what extent does the way young Moroccans treat their bodies and gender practices get expressed reflect their individual freedom in Moroccan society as an Islamic society? To answer this problematic question, we relied on the analytical descriptive approach. The data on which the analysis was based formed from the results of a quantitative field research based on the form’s technique in which the authors of the paper participated. This quantitative research was also supported by Keffi's achievement through interviews in March 2022 with women and men in Casablanca as Morocco's largest city.
The Philosophy of the Universal Spirit as a theoretical and methodological basis for cultural knowledge of the uniqueness of Russia
Authors: Khvoshchevskaia Irina Valer'evna
Published: April 2024

The article presents an analysis of such categories as "unconscious", "universal spirit", "spiritual and national identity", "collectivism". The concepts of the essence of the spirit developed by G. V. F. Hegel are considered. The conclusion is made about the relationship between the Hegelian category of the universal spirit and spiritual and national identity. The problem of the Russian idea is considered, the main directions of its resolution are outlined. The evolution of ideas about the spiritual and national identity of Russians is described. It is noted that the conclusions about the universality of the spirit and its relationship with the spiritual and national identity of Russians are of great practical importance. The author notes that the conclusions about the universality of the spirit and its relationship with the spiritual and national identity of Russians are of great practical importance. The research can be used to develop strategies for the preservation and development of the cultural heritage of peoples, as well as for a deeper understanding of the processes of formation and development of national identity. The author used methods of philosophical analysis and interpretation of philosophical texts, a historical method to study the evolution of ideas about the spiritual and national identity of Russians, a comparative analysis of various approaches to the problem of the Russian idea, a study of the socio-cultural context of the formation of spiritual and national identity. The author also used analytical and synthetic methods to identify relationships. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that it is an attempt to integrate G. V. F. Hegel's philosophical concepts of the universal spirit with the problems of spiritual and national identity. In addition, the study offers a new approach to understanding the formation of spiritual and national identity, based on Hegelian philosophy. This approach allows us to consider national identity not only as a subjective sense of belonging to a particular nation, but also as a manifestation of the universal spirit, which is embodied through collective values, ideals and cultural traditions. Thus, this study contributes to the development of the philosophy of national identity, offering a new interpretation of its nature and connections with the universal spirit. The results obtained can be used for a deeper understanding of the processes of formation and development of national identity, as well as for the development of strategies for the preservation and development of the cultural heritage of peoples.
Adult neurogenesis through glial transdifferentiation in a CNS injury paradigm
Authors: Casas-Tintó Sergio , García-Guillen Nuria , Losada-Pérez Maria
Published: April 2024

As the global population ages, the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is fast increasing. This neurodegeneration as well as other CNS injuries cause permanent disabilities. Thus, generation of new neurons is the rosetta stone in contemporary neuroscience.Glial cells support central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis through evolutionary conserved mechanisms. Upon damage, glial cells activate an immune and inflammatory response to clear the injury site from debris, and proliferate to restore cell number. This glial regenerative response (GRR) is mediated by the neuropil associated glia (NG) in
Drosophila
, equivalent to vertebrate astrocytes, oligodendrocytes (OL) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Here, we examine the contribution of NG lineages and the GRR in response to injury. The results indicate that NG exchanges identities between ensheathing glia (EG) and astrocyte like glia (ALG). Additionally, we found that NG cells undergo transdifferentiation to yield neurons. Moreover, this transdifferentiation increases in injury conditions. Thus, these data demonstrate that glial cells are able to generate new neurons through direct transdifferentiation. The present work makes a fundamental contribution to the CNS regeneration field and describes a new physiological mechanism to generate new neurons.
Adult neurogenesis through glial transdifferentiation in a CNS injury paradigm
Authors: Casas-Tintó Sergio , García-Guillen Nuria , Losada-Pérez Maria
Published: April 2024

As the global population ages, the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is fast increasing. This neurodegeneration as well as other CNS injuries cause permanent disabilities. Thus, generation of new neurons is the rosetta stone in contemporary neuroscience.Glial cells support central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis through evolutionary conserved mechanisms. Upon damage, glial cells activate an immune and inflammatory response to clear the injury site from debris, and proliferate to restore cell number. This glial regenerative response (GRR) is mediated by the neuropil associated glia (NG) in
Drosophila
, equivalent to vertebrate astrocytes, oligodendrocytes (OL) and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Here, we examine the contribution of NG lineages and the GRR in response to injury. The results indicate that NG exchanges identities between EG and ALG. Additionally, we found that NG cells undergo transdifferentiation to yield neurons. Moreover, this transdifferentiation increases in injury conditions. Thus, these data demonstrate that glial cells are able to generate new neurons through direct transdifferentiation. The present work makes a fundamental contribution to the CNS regeneration field and describes a new physiological mechanism to generate new neurons.
Cytodiagnosis of Oncocytoma of Parotid Gland: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Ghosh Shreya , Bhake Arvind
Published: April 2024

Among benign neoplasms of the salivary gland, malignancies are less common. One of the rarest tumours found in the oral cavity is oncocytoma, comprising less than 2% of all oral neoplasms and carrying a 1% risk of malignant transformation. Oncocytoma is rare among benign neoplasms, typically affecting females and impacting the major salivary glands. Literature discussing the cytodiagnosis of oncocytoma through Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is even scarcer. Cytomorphological features indicating a predominantly oncocytic population with benign nuclear characteristics suggest the diagnosis of oncocytoma. The presence of oncocytes alongside other cell types in cytology smears suggests oncocytosis or a tumour-like presentation of Warthin’s tumour. Due to its unique features and clinical presentation, clinicians may misdiagnose this tumour as pleomorphic adenoma, haemangioma, or another form of oncocytosis due to its rarity and clinical features. Therefore, only histopathological examination can provide a definitive diagnosis. The present report discusses two unusual cytodiagnoses of oncocytoma identified through FNAC of the parotid gland in a 50-year-old female and a 70-year-old male, along with their clinicoradiological findings and subsequent tumour excision. Furthermore, the authors aim to raise awareness about the importance of a comprehensive work-up and optimal treatment selection for these lesions.
To Develop Ground Water Quality Index using Fuzzy AHP at Tamsa Watershed
Authors: Dubey Divyansh , Akram Mo. , Singh Vikas Kumar , Shivam . , Mathur Akanksha , Ali Khwahiz , Roshan Vipin K. , Ankit . , Tiwari Sarvda Nand , Rastogi Dev Raj , Tiwari Amar , Singh Ashu , Dixit Sakshi , Kumar Dinesh
Published: April 2024

The ecological sustainability of rivers is in question due to severe pollution and lack of stringent regulations. For trend analysis 14 parameters were used such pH, EC (μS/cm at 25°C), TDS (mg/l), Total Hardness (mg/l), Calcium (mg/l), Magnesium (mg/l), Sodium (mg/l), Potassium (mg/l), Carbonate (mg/l), Bicarbonate (mg/l), Sulphate (mg/l), Chloride (mg/l), Fluoride (mg/l) and Nitrate (mg/l). The value of water physical, biological and chemical parameters of temporal resolution indicate that value of pH, EC (μS/cm at 25°C), TDS (mg/l), Total Hardness (mg/l), Calcium (mg/l), Magnesium (mg/l), Sodium (mg/l), Potassium (mg/l), Carbonate (mg/l), Bicarbonate (mg/l), Sulphate (mg/l), Chloride (mg/l), Fluoride (mg/l) and Nitrate (mg/l) were observed very high compared to recommended value of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and World Health Organization (WHO). The average water quality index value was observed as 381.244 hence, it can be concluded that the investigated ground water was not suitable for drinking and even irrigation purposes.
Impact of Climate Change on Soil Wetness and Cocoa Production in Ondo State, Nigeria: Implication for Sustainable Farming Practices
Authors: Ibe O. . , Aremu-Dele O. . , KA. Oluyole , AO. Famaye , RR. Ipinmoroti
Published: April 2024

Cocoa is a strategic economic crop and a major source of foreign exchange for Nigeria, for which Ondo State is the leading producing area. However, its production has been marked with much fluctuation over the years with a reduction in yield of 40 to 50% due to insect menace. A study was conducted that covers all the Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ondo State and datasets on rainfall, relative humidity, temperature, Surface Soil Wetness (SSW) and Root Zone Soil Wetness (RZSW) were sourced from the database of National Aeronautic Space Agency (NASA). The data were analyzed using the least square regression and correlation coefficient analyses. The results obtained showed that temperatures, relative humidity, the rainfall pattern as well as SSW and RZSW had similar impacts in 38.89% of the LGAs, while their effects varied in the remaining 61.11%. For the 42 years of observation, the temperature and relative humidity increased by 0.0033° C and 0.019% per annum at R2 values of 0.0045 and 0.0862 respectively while the rainfall decreased by 17.37mm per annum at R2 value of 0.1021.  The values of SSW and RZSW decreased by 0.0005 and 0.0006 per annum at R2 of 0.0451 and 0.036 respectively. There was a positive correlation of 0.152, 0.758, 0.762 and 0.995 between temperature and rainfall, rainfall and SSW, rainfall and RZSE as well as SSW and RZSW respectively. The correlations between temperature and relative humidity; SSW, RZSW and years of observations of -0.359, -0.212 and -0.190 respectively were inversed. This indicated that climate change had led to high relative humidity, temperatures and decreased rainfall, with a reduction in SSW and RZSW. High relative humidity favours the growth and development of various fungi that were noted for causing diseases of cocoa which necessitates the need for adoption of good agricultural practices (GAP) to mitigate reductions in cocoa production in the studied LGAs in Ondo state.
Clinical Features and Outcome of Sickle Cell Patients in Pediatric Emergency Departments in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Luntadila Stéphanie Ngimbi , Mwanet Joly Nsele , Natuhoyila Aliocha Nkodila , Balonga Daniel Mwamba , Antoniki Antoinette Yaba , Kalenga Joséphine Monga , Katamea Tina , Diallo Dapa Aly , Muteb Paul Boma , Okitotsho Stanislas Wembonyama
Published: April 2024

Aims: To describe the epidemiology clinical outcome, and therapeutic aspects of sickle cell patients admitted to pediatric emergency departments, and to identify the risk factors associated with the clinical outcome.
Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: University of Lubumbashi teaching hospital, pediatric emergency departments and Jason Sendwe Referral Hospital from 10 February 2020 to 30 April 2022.
Methodology: 105 children with sickle cell disease aged 6 months to 16 years were admitted and recruited in the study. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze survival to D22, the log-rank test to compare survival curves, and Cox regression to identify mortality risk factors, at a significance level of p ˂ 0.05.
Results: The main reasons for admission were infection (83.8%), hyperalgesic vasoocclusive crisis (73.3%) and severe anemia (36.2%). According to the Adegoke severity score, 60% of the children had a severe clinical profile, 32.4% were moderate and 7.6% were mild. Median survival was 5.9 days. Survival decreased from 80% on day 2 to 67.6% on day 22. Survival was significantly shorter for moderate and severe clinical profiles (P = 0.001), transfer from a peripheral hospital (P = 0.006), and diagnosis of an infectious syndrome (P = 0.002). The critical period was the first 2 days of hospitalization, with a mortality rate at 20% compared with an all-cause mortality rate at 12.4%. In the adjusted multivariate analyses, death risk factors were transfer (P=0.04), severe clinical profile (P=0.033), hospital stay >2 days (P=0.04), infectious syndrome (P=0.01) and suspected hepatocellular failure (P=0.009).
Conclusion: Sickle cell morbidity and mortality in Lubumbashi are high and associated with mostly controllable risk factors. The prognosis for sickle cell disease can be improved by training health workers in sickle cell disease and by better organizing specific care at all levels of the health pyramid.
QM/MM‐Methoden für biomolekulare Systeme
Authors: Senn Hans Martin , Thiel Walter
Published: January 2009

Quantenmechanische/molekülmechanische (QM/MM‐)Verfahren sind die Methode der Wahl für die theoretische Behandlung reaktiver oder anderer elektronischer Prozesse in Biomolekülen. Der Aufsatz diskutiert methodische Aspekte des QM/MM‐Ansatzes, seine Verwendung in Optimierungs‐ und Simulationsstudien sowie verschiedene Anwendungsfelder, immer im Hinblick auf biomolekulare Systeme.

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Kombinierte quantenmechanische/molekülmechanische (QM/MM‐) Ansätze sind zur Methode der Wahl bei der Modellierung von Reaktionen in biomolekularen Systemen geworden. Einerseits braucht man quantenmechanische Methoden, um chemische Reaktionen und andere elektronische Prozesse wie Ladungstransfer oder elektronische Anregungen zu beschreiben; allerdings bleibt deren Anwendbarkeit auf Systeme mit bis zu einigen hundert Atomen beschränkt. Andererseits fordert die Größe und konformative Komplexität von Biopolymeren Methoden, mit denen man Systeme mit 100 000 oder mehr Atomen behandeln und über eine Zeitskala von einigen Nanosekunden simulieren kann. Dies ist mit effizienten kraftfeldbasierten molekularmechanischen Verfahren möglich. Zur Beschreibung großer Biomoleküle bietet es sich daher an, quantenmechanische Methoden für die chemisch aktive Region (z. B. Substrate und Cofaktoren in einer enzymatischen Reaktion) zu nutzen und mit einer molekularmechanischen Behandlung der Umgebung (z. B. Protein und Solvens) zu kombinieren. Die resultierenden Ansätze werden gemeinhin als kombinierte oder Hybrid‐QM/MM‐Methoden bezeichnet. Sie ermöglichen die Modellierung reaktiver biomolekularer Systeme mit vertretbarem Rechenaufwand und der nötigen Genauigkeit.
Titelbild: Microcontainers with Fluorescent Anisotropic Zeolite L Cores and Isotropic Silica Shells (Angew. Chem. 7/2009)
Authors: Guerrero‐Martínez Andrés , Fibikar Sandra , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Liz‐Marzán Luis M. , De Cola Luisa
Published: January 2009

Nanocontainer aus Zeolith‐A‐Kristallen wurden mit Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen befüllt und als Kern eines “Kasten‐im‐Kasten”‐SiO2‐Konstrukts, ähnlich einer russischen Matroschka, verwendet, wie A. Guerrero‐Martínez, L. de Cola et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 1292 ff. schildern. Die anisotropen Kerne und isotropen Schalen des Mehrfarbemittersystems sind durch eine Polyelektrolytschicht getrennt und können unabhängig voneinander angesteuert werden. Dieser Aufbau eröffnet faszinierende Perspektiven für multifunktionelle Nanosysteme.

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Characterization of Supercomplex Crude Oil Mixtures: What Is Really in There?
Authors: Panda Saroj K. , Andersson Jan T. , Schrader Wolfgang
Published: January 2009

Through different windows: One major obstacle in energy research is the complexity and variety of compounds present in crude oil. A study of different ionization methods for mass spectrometry shows that the mass spectrum very strongly depends on which method is used.

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Total Synthesis of Azithromycin
Authors: Kim Hyoung Cheul , Kang Sung Ho
Published: January 2009

The quaternary king: Azithromycin (1), which has improved pharmacological profiles compared with erythromycins, was the target of an enantioselective synthesis. All the stereogenic quaternary carbon centers were elaborated by a desymmetrization of 2‐substituted glycerols using a chiral imine/CuCl2 catalyst.

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Linking Borane with N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Effective Hydrogen‐Atom Donors for Radical Reactions
Authors: Walton John C.
Published: January 2009

Undue influence: N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) were found to reduce the strength of the BH bonds of borane by a surprisingly large amount upon the formation of NHC–BH3 complexes. This property was exploited in the development of a suite of NHC–borane complexes for the reduction of xanthates in radical‐mediated Barton–McCombie‐type deoxygenation reactions (see scheme). AIBN=azobisisobutyronitrile, Bn=benzyl.

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Thallium(I) as a Coordination Site Protection Agent: Preparation of an Isolable Zero‐Valent Nickel Tris‐Isocyanide
Authors: Fox Brian J. , Millard Matthew D. , DiPasquale Antonio G. , Rheingold Arnold L. , Figueroa Joshua S.
Published: January 2009

Blocking the pass: Low‐valent Ni centers readily bind TlI ions in a synthetically reversible fashion. The Tl units, in turn, serve as coordination site protection agents for Ni with respect to incoming Lewis basic ligands. This synthetic sequence allows for the isolation of a reactive zero‐valent Ni tris‐isocyanide complex.

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Synthesis of graphite nanosheets/polyaniline nanorods composites with ultrasonic and conductivity
Authors: Mo Zunli , Shi Huafeng , Chen Hong , Niu Guiping , Zhao Zhongli , Wu Yingbing
Published: January 2009

The graphite nanosheets/polyaniline (GN/PANI) nanorods composites were fabricated via ultrasonic polymerization of aniline monomer in the presence of GN, which was used as electric filling. The kind of doped acids, the concentration, and the contents of the GN were used as impact factors to the conductivity of the materials that were investigated. The structure of nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR and SEM. The results show that ultrasonic can effectively restrain the agglomerate of the aniline and come to uniformity nanorods composites. The conductivity reached to 4.8 S/cm and 22 S/cm, respectively. The thermal stability of GN/PANI nanorods composites is superior to pure PANI as shown by TG analysis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Fluorinated 1,2,4‐Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives as Antimycobacterial Agents
Authors: Abdel‐Rahman Hamdy M. , El‐Koussi Nawal A. , Hassan Hoda Y.
Published: January 2009

A series of fluorinated 1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylic acid derivatives was designed and synthesized as fluoroquinolone analogues. The synthesized compounds were screened against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain at 6.25 μg/mL concentration. Compound 4, the 7‐oxo‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐4,7‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazolo[5,1‐a]pyrimidine‐6‐carboxylic acid was found to be a very potent inhibitor, being able to inhibit 92% growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv at 6.25 μg/mL concentration. At the same time, it proofed to be nontoxic to mammalian cells (IC50 > 62.5 μg/mL in VERO cells).
The clinical surface anatomy anomalies of the palmaris longus muscle in the Black African population of Zimbabwe and a proposed new testing technique
Authors: Gangata Hope
Published: January 2009

The presence of the palmaris longus muscle (PLM) is highly variable. Rates of absence vary from 0.6% in the Korean population to as high as 63.9% in the Turkish population. The tendon of PLM may be absent on one or both forearms, may have duplicated tendons on one forearm or may be laterally shifted to the extent that the tendon of the PLM lies superficial to that of flexor carpi radialis muscle. Among Black American populations, in which there is usually mixed ancestry, rates of absence are 3.5%. Only two studies have been performed on Black African populations: in Republic of Congo and Uganda, and each showed widely differing rates of absence of 3.0% and 14.6%, respectively. In this study, a total of 890 Black Zimbabwean subjects in Harare aged between 8 and 13 years, were examined for clinical surface anatomy anomalies of the tendon of PLM. The results showed that the tendon of the PLM was absent unilaterally in 0.9% of the population, and bilaterally absent in 0.6% with an overall rate of absence of 1.5%. Other variations noted were a laterally shifted PLM in 1.1% of subjects and duplicated tendons on one forearm, which was the least prevalent anomaly, in 0.2% of subjects. The author proposes a new technique to test the tendon of PLM, which combines resisted thumb abduction and resisted wrist flexion. The proposed technique capitalizes on the role of the PLM as an important abductor of the thumb. Clin. Anat. 22:230–235, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.