bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Musical Cultural Exchanges in the Age of Detente: Cultural Fixation, Trust, and the Permeability of Culture
Authors: Martin Bradford
Published: April 2015

The 1970s era of detente represented a critical period in cultural exchanges between the United States of America and the Soviet Union. The 1960s set in motion socially liberalizing forces to which Soviet authorities were forced to respond. The Brezhnev era brought greater emphasis on orderly, rational consumption as a marker of mature socialism, including cultural products as well as standard consumer items, as formal state-sponsored cultural exchanges coexisted with more subterranean consumption. Musical cultural exchanges, featuring the Duke Ellington band, the Roy Clark Show, and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, emerged as key sites of trust and distrust and impacted efforts to maintain a stable social order. Barbara Misztal's contention that ‘the weakness of undemocratic states lies in their lack of social trust’ paired with historian Sergei Zhuk's observations about how consumption of Western cultural products shaped identity formation under late Soviet socialism suggests the transformative power of cultural exchanges to undermine official efforts to enhance cultures of trust. As state authorities extended limited exposure to American musical performers and styles in a bid to accommodate the need for trust culture, the Soviet citizenry adapted and transformed them into opportunities for deeper expressions of identity and connection to diverse exemplars of US musical culture.
Efficient fairness using Early Discriminative Dropping
Authors: Yang Jui-Pin
Published: April 2015

The queue management scheme in a router is critical for computer networks because it not only controls the fairness of bandwidth sharing among competing flows, but also contributes to enhancing the efficiency of congestion control algorithms. In this paper, a new queue management scheme, Early Discriminative Dropping (EDD), is proposed to make routers fairer. EDD employs a single queue. In addition, this scheme consists of three main components. Firstly, a threshold estimator evaluates control thresholds based on queue status and the number of accepted packets. Secondly, a quota estimator allocates quotas, which prevent arriving packets of non-aggressive flows from being discarded during congested traffic. Finally, a simple packet-dropping algorithm determines acceptance or discarding of the arriving packet according to current control threshold and available quotas. Using computer simulations, we show that the EDD scheme demonstrates robust and excellent fairness compared with Rotating Preference Queues, Core-stateless Fair Queueing, Dynamic Detection and Expulsion, CHOose and Keep for responsive flows, CHOose and Kill for unresponsive flows and First In First Out under various network topologies and traffic conditions. EDD has a complexity of O(1). Hence, it is feasible for deployment in computer networks where high-performance and high-speed routers exist.
Feedback on Teaching From Observations of Teaching
Authors: Khachatryan Edit
Published: April 2015

Teachers crave yet rarely receive qualitative performance feedback. Though student feedback has been studied, we know little about what kinds of feedback are useful to teachers for improving practice. This study begins to address the need in research on the nature of feedback teachers receive from classroom observations as well as on how teachers make sense of feedback. Written feedback to four teachers was analyzed using Feedback Intervention Theory. Teacher perceptions from “think-aloud” of feedback were also analyzed qualitatively.
Venture capital and investor readiness in a post-crisis and state-rescaling context: Revisiting the North East of England
Authors: Wray Felicity
Published: April 2015

This paper supplies a historical and geographically rooted account of how three separate but ongoing processes (state-rescaling, recessionary conditions and SME business support reforms) were perceived to be intersecting and manifesting themselves at the juncture of venture capital and investment readiness provision in the North East of England primarily from the perspective of local fund managers in December 2012. The paper demonstrates how these myriad processes played out in both predictable and unusual ways in a region often constructed as lagging and not known for its buoyant levels of venture capital activity. In particular, the paper provides empirical insights into the uncertainties created by the Coalition government during the transition from Regional Development Agencies to Local Enterprise Partnerships while also going beyond investor narratives to highlight how the empirical findings connect to broader debates in local and regional development. Here the way in which venture capital policy speaks to the Coalition aspirations of rebalancing the economy, decentralisation and localism in both complementary and contradictory ways are emphasised. As is how the North East (but also other Northern regions) is embedded in multi-scalar relationships by virtue of its connections to EU funding streams, and in particular equity funding through the JEREMIE programme, thus raising interesting questions about the future direction of UK venture capital policy.
Inclusive, Democratic Family–Professional Partnerships
Authors: Beneke Margaret R. , Cheatham Gregory A.
Published: April 2015

Family–professional partnerships are vital to the provision of appropriate and effective special education services for young children. Despite the recognized need, teacher educators in early childhood and early childhood special education have faced challenges in preparing their students to partner with families from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. In this article, we assert that for pre-service early childhood/early childhood special education teachers to prepare for cross-cultural family–professional partnerships, teacher educators can take a democratic, inclusive perspective and address conceptualizations of culture and language. To this end, we first explain meanings of inclusive education and democratic partnerships. We then focus on conceptualizations of culture and language in developing cross-cultural partnerships. Finally, we provide recommendations to prepare pre-service teachers to form more democratic and inclusive cross-cultural partnerships with families from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
Multi-camera parallel tracking and mapping with non-overlapping fields of view
Authors: Tribou Michael J. , Harmat Adam , Wang David W.L. , Sharf Inna , Waslander Steven L.
Published: April 2015

A novel real-time pose estimation system is presented for solving the visual simultaneous localization and mapping problem using a rigid set of central cameras arranged such that there is no overlap in their fields-of-view. A new parameterization for point feature position using a spherical coordinate update is formulated which isolates system parameters dependent on global scale, allowing the shape parameters of the system to converge despite the scale remaining uncertain. Furthermore, an initialization scheme is proposed from which the optimization will converge accurately using only the measurements from the cameras at the first time step. The algorithm is implemented and verified in experiments with a camera cluster constructed using multiple perspective cameras mounted on a multirotor aerial vehicle and augmented with tracking markers to collect high-precision ground-truth motion measurements from an optical indoor positioning system. The accuracy and performance of the proposed pose estimation system are confirmed for various motion profiles in both indoor and challenging outdoor environments, despite no overlap in the camera fields-of-view.
The Effects of Low Self-Control and Delinquent Peers on Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use in a Sample of Saudi Arabian Youth
Authors: Beaver Kevin M. , Al-Ghamdi Mohammed Said , Kobeisy Ahmed Nezar , Alqurashi Fathiyah H. , Schwartz Joseph A. , Connolly Eric J. , Gajos Jamie M.
Published: April 2015

A considerable amount of research has examined patterns of substance use and the potential explanations of it among samples from the United States and other industrialized nations. To date, however, no research has explored these issues in a sample of Saudi Arabian youth. The current study addressed this gap in the literature and examined the lifetime use of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco among Saudi Arabian youth. We also examined whether key measures from social learning theory and low self-control theory were able to account for patterns of usage. Data drawn from a sample of nearly 500 youth residing in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, were used. Analysis of the data revealed that 12.7% of youth had smoked cigarettes at least 1 time, 2.6% had consumed alcohol at least once, and 3.0% had used illegal drugs. Moreover, the results of rare-events logistic regression revealed that a measure of delinquent peers was the strongest and most consistent predictor of substance use, while a measure of low self-control was unrelated (or related in a direction opposite to that which was predicted) to the measures of substance use.
Estimating Glenoid Width for Instability-Related Bone Loss
Authors: Giles Joshua W. , Owens Brett D. , Athwal George S.
Published: April 2015

Background:

Determining the magnitude of glenoid bone loss in cases of shoulder instability is an important step in selecting the optimal reconstructive procedure. Recently, a formula has been proposed that estimates native glenoid width based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of height (1/3 × glenoid height + 15 mm). This technique, however, has not been validated for use with computed tomography (CT), which is often the preferred imaging modality to assess bone deficiencies.

Purpose:

The purpose of this project was 2-fold: (1) to determine if the MRI-based formula that predicts glenoid width from height is valid with CT and (2) to determine if a more accurate regression can be resolved for use specifically with CT data.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Ninety normal shoulder CT scans with preserved osseous anatomy were drawn from an existing database and analyzed. Measurements of glenoid height and width were performed by 2 observers on reconstructed 3-dimensional models. After assessment of reliability, the data were correlated, and regression models were created for male and female shoulders. The accuracy of the MRI-based model’s predictions was then compared with that of the CT-based models.

Results:

Intra- and interrater reliabilities were good to excellent for height and width, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.765 to 0.992. The height and width values had a strong correlation of 0.900 ( P < .001). Regression analyses for male and female shoulders produced CT-specific formulas: for men, glenoid width = 2/3 × glenoid height + 5 mm; for women, glenoid width = 2/3 × glenoid height + 3 mm. Comparison of predictions from the MRI- and CT-specific formulas demonstrated good agreement (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.818). The CT-specific formulas produced a root mean squared error of 1.2 mm, whereas application of the MRI-specific formula to CT images resulted in a root mean squared error of 1.5 mm.

Conclusion:

Use of the MRI-based formula on CT scans to predict glenoid width produced estimates that were nearly as accurate as the CT-specific formulas. The CT-specific formulas, however, are more accurate at predicting native glenoid width when applied to CT data.

Clinical Relevance:

Imaging-specific (CT and MRI) formulas have been developed to estimate glenoid bone loss in patients with instability. The CT-specific formula can accurately predict native glenoid width, having an error of only 2.2% of average glenoid width.
Finding the Best Waist Circumference Measurement Protocol in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Pimenta Nuno M. , Santa‐Clara Helena , Melo Xavier , Cortez‐Pinto Helena , Silva‐Nunes José , Sardinha Luís B.
Published: April 2015

Background: Central fat accumulation is important in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) etiology. It is unknown whether any commonly used waist circumference measurement protocol (WCmp), as a whole and central fat accumulation marker, is preferable for patients with NAFLD. The present study sought to find a preferable WCmp to be used in patients with NAFLD, based on 3‐fold criteria. Methods: Body fat (BF) was assessed through dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry in 28 patients with NAFLD (19 men, 51 ± 13 years; 9 women, 47 ± 13 years). WC was measured with 4 types of WCmp: WC1, narrowest torso; WC2, just above iliac crest; WC3, middistance between iliac crest and last rib; WC4, at the umbilicus. Results: All WC measurements were highly correlated with central BF depots, including trunk BF (r = 0.78, r = 0.82, r = 0.82, r = 0.84 for WC1, WC2, WC3, and WC4, respectively), abdominal BF (r = 0.78, r = 0.78, r = 0.80, r = 0.72 for WC1, WC2, WC3, and WC4, respectively), and central abdominal BF (r = 0.76, r = 0.77, r = 0.78, r = 0.68 for WC1, WC2, WC3, and WC4, respectively), controlling for age, sex, and body mass index. There were no differences between the correlation coefficients obtained between all studied waist circumference measurements and each whole and central analyzed BF variable. Conclusions: All studied WCmps seem suitable for use in patients with NAFLD, particularly as a central BF clinical assessment tool, though not interchangeably. Hence, biological and precision criteria alone did not sanction the superiority of any WCmp. Practical criteria may endorse WC measured at the iliac crest.
Group versus Individual Professional Antenatal Breastfeeding Education for Extending Breastfeeding Duration and Exclusivity
Authors: Wong Ka Lun , Tarrant Marie , Lok Kris Yuet Wan
Published: April 2015

Although breastfeeding initiation rates have increased substantially in many developed countries over the past several decades, breastfeeding duration and exclusivity remain suboptimal. In the antenatal period, both group and individual education interventions have been implemented to improve breastfeeding. The purpose of this review was to compare the effectiveness of group and individual antenatal professional education on breastfeeding exclusivity and duration. A systematic search of the literature was conducted using Medline (1946-June 2014), PubMed (1883-June 2014), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (1947-June 2014), EMBASE (1947-June 2014), British Nursing Index (1994-June 2014), Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. Included studies were limited to health care professional-conducted education delivered to pregnant women only. Only studies reporting breastfeeding duration or exclusivity were included. Nineteen studies were included, of which 13 evaluated antenatal group education, 5 evaluated individual antenatal education, and 1 evaluated both a group and an individual antenatal education. When compared with standard care, 4 out of 12 studies supported the effectiveness of antenatal group education on breastfeeding duration or exclusivity, whereas 4 out of 6 studies supported the effectiveness of antenatal individual education. Two studies compared antenatal group education with peer-led education and neither study showed a significant difference in breastfeeding outcomes. The methodological heterogeneity and the small number of high quality studies limited our ability to draw firm conclusions about the effectiveness of either mode of antenatal education.
The Effects of Demographics, Technology Accessibility, and Unwillingness to Communicate in Predicting Internet Gratifications and Heavy Internet Use Among Adolescents
Authors: Dhir Amandeep , Chen Sufen , Nieminen Marko
Published: April 2015

Despite the fact that research examining Internet gratifications is over two decades old, it has still failed to provide conceptual links depicting the relationships among Internet gratification, Internet users’ characteristics, and heavy Internet use. To address these gaps, a survey-based study was conducted with a total of 1,914 adolescent Internet users (aged 12–18 years). The study results indicate that heavy Internet use is likely to be displayed by older male adolescents with more Internet use experience. In comparison, adolescents exhibiting higher reward seeking and improved academic performance are not likely to also exhibit heavy Internet use. Furthermore, adolescents seeking higher connecting gratification are likely to exhibit heavy Internet use, but an increase in their information-seeking gratification is associated with a reduction in their Internet use. In terms of predicting Internet gratifications, it was found that older female adolescents with higher academic performance, higher reward seeking, and lower daily Internet use tend to seek higher content gratification. Similarly, adolescents exhibiting higher approach avoidance and reward seeking tend to seek higher social and content gratifications. The study concludes with the theoretical and practical implications for various stakeholders, including Internet researchers and practitioners, educational researchers, and technology designers and developers.
Borrowing for the Public Good
Authors: Calabrese Thad D. , Ely Todd L.
Published: April 2015

The importance of tax-exempt borrowing as a capital source to the nonprofit sector has significantly grown over time. Outstanding tax-exempt bonds issued by nonprofits have risen from an inflation-adjusted US$106.3 billion in 1993 to US$388.5 billion in 2010 representing an 8% compound annual growth rate over the period. The increased importance of tax-exempt borrowing relative to other borrowing for nonprofits has gone unnoticed. Here, we ask what factors are associated with this trend. We find wide variation in the increasing use of tax-exempt bond usage between nonprofit sectors. Although nonprofit borrowers other than hospitals have increasingly entered the tax-exempt capital market over the past decade, they still tend to be large organizations with lower risk of bankruptcy or default. Our empirical findings continue to raise the questions that others have raised: How do we make smaller, capital-starved nonprofits better able to take advantage of the tax-exempt market in a responsible manner?
Analysis of time-varying friction excitations in helical gears with refined general formulation
Authors: Jiang Hanjun
Published: April 2015

Time-varying sliding friction force and friction torque are regarded as non-negligible excitation sources of vibration and noise in gears. The sliding friction force primarily excites the motion along the off-line-of-action direction, which transmits vibration to the housing through shafts and bearings and then radiates noise. Since the contact line intersects with the pitch line, and the directions of the friction forces are opposite on both sides of the pitch line, the calculation of the friction excitations in helical gears becomes more difficult, especially in the high contact ratio helical gears. However, there is no universal method for calculating the friction excitations in helical gears with different range of contact ratio. The changes of friction excitations in helical gears are highly dependent on the geometric parameters such as helix angle and face width among others. Yet, there exist very limited studies on these topics. In this study, a refined general formulation for the calculation of time-varying contact line and friction excitations is proposed by assuming uniform load distribution along the contact lines with time-varying normal force and friction coefficient. Key gear parameters such as modification coefficient, helix angle, and face width are analyzed to illustrate their effects on the time-varying contact line and friction excitations. The results demonstrate that the refined general formulation is effective for the calculation of the friction excitations in helical gears with different range of contact ratio, and the parametric analysis could supply some guidance for choosing gear parameters in the design of helical gears to reduce the friction excitations.
Measurement of quasi-local friction factor of gas flow in a micro-tube
Authors: Kawashima D , Asako Y
Published: April 2015

This paper presents experimental results on the friction factor of gaseous flow in a PEEK micro-tube with arithmetic mean roughness of 0.2 µm (relative surface roughness of 0.04%). The experiments were performed for nitrogen gas flow through the micro-tube with 514.4 µm in diameter and 50 mm in length. Three pressure tap holes were drilled on the PEEK micro-tube wall at intervals of 5 mm and the local pressures were measured. The quasi-local friction factor is obtained from the measured pressure differences. The experiments were conducted in the turbulent flow region. The quasi-local friction factor obtained from the present study is compared with those in the available literature and also numerical results. The quasi-local friction factor obtained is 12–20% higher than the value predicted from the Blasius formula.
Design and CFD analysis of gerotor with multiple profiles (ellipse–involute–ellipse type and 3-ellipses type) using rotation and translation algorithm
Authors: Bae Jun Ho , Kwak Hyo Seo , San Sereisith , Kim Chul
Published: April 2015

Gerotor is a key component used in internal gear pumps of vehicles, and as the technology of sintering process is highly advanced, the gerotor has advantages for manufacturing complex profiles and obtaining durability and minimization. But internal gear pumps have been continuously required to improve flow rate and noise for fuel efficiency. The existing gerotors with multiple profiles have been designed by only translation algorithm, which is limited to improve the performances. In this study, a new automated design and multiple calculation programs using rotation and translation algorithm were developed for improving the performances of multiple profiles, and two types of combined multiple profiles (ellipse 1-involute-ellipse 2 type and 3-ellipses type) were generated. The performances (flow rate, irregularity, specific sliding and pressure angle) of the profiles were calculated by using theoretical analysis, and optimal designs of the two types were carried out on the basis of analysis results. Also, internal flow characteristics in the optimized gerotor generated were analyzed by using commercial CFD (computational fluid dynamics) code, ANSYS-CFX.
The application of time–frequency reconstruction and correlation matching for rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Xu Jian , Tong Shuiguang , Cong Feiyun , Zhang Yidong
Published: April 2015

There are still some remaining issues for time–frequency distribution application in rolling bearing fault diagnosis, such as noise suppression and resolution improvement. In this paper, we proposed a novel time–frequency correlation matching and reconstruction method to enhance the ability of rolling bearing fault identification. Firstly, we use the optimal simulated bearing fault signal to obtain the matching template through time–frequency distribution. Then, correlation matching operation is conducted between the obtained matching template and the original time–frequency distribution of analyzed signal. Finally, the original time–frequency distribution is reconstructed with the correlation coefficients and matching template using the template reconstruction algorithm. The reconstructed time–frequency distribution has inherited the capability of matching template in noise suppression, and can reveal the fault impulses of interest in a unified scale. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been proved by experimental result.
Sexual health risks, service use, and views of rapid point-of-care testing among men who have sex with men attending saunas: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Horwood Jeremy , Ingle Suzanne M , Burton David , Woodman-Bailey Adam , Horner Paddy , Jeal Nikki
Published: April 2015

Guidelines highlight the need to increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) and novel point-of-care testing provides new possibilities for delivery of care. However, it is unclear how point-of-care testing should be used to best effect. This study aimed to increase understanding of sexual risk-taking behaviour, service use, and attitudes to point-of-care testing among MSM sauna clients. Data were collected within two saunas for MSM in south west England using a self-completion survey (n = 134). Though this sample of MSM sauna clients are at high risk of acquiring a sexually transmitted infection, the testing frequency among the majority of those reporting unprotected anal intercourse is not in keeping with national guidelines. For almost all participants the introduction of rapid point-of-care testing for both genital and blood-borne infection was likely to increase testing and for the majority NHS specialist services was the preferred setting.
When Does the Future Begin? Time Metrics Matter, Connecting Present and Future Selves
Authors: Lewis Neil A. , Oyserman Daphna
Published: April 2015

People assume they should attend to the present; their future self can handle the future. This seemingly plausible rule of thumb can lead people astray, in part because some future events require current action. In order for the future to energize and motivate current action, it must feel imminent. To create this sense of imminence, we manipulated time metric—the units (e.g., days, years) in which time is considered. People interpret accessible time metrics in two ways: If preparation for the future is under way (Studies 1 and 2), people interpret metrics as implying when a future event will occur. If preparation is not under way (Studies 3–5), they interpret metrics as implying when preparation should start (e.g., planning to start saving 4 times sooner for a retirement in 10,950 days instead of 30 years). Time metrics mattered not because they changed how distal or important future events felt (Study 6), but because they changed how connected and congruent their current and future selves felt (Study 7).
Extraordinary acts and ordinary pleasures: Rhetorics of inequality in young people’s talk about celebrity
Authors: Harvey Laura , Allen Kim , Mendick Heather
Published: April 2015

In this article, we start from the problem of inequality raised by the existence of a class of celebrities with high levels of wealth and status. We analyse how young people make sense of these inequalities in their talk about celebrity. Specifically, we revisit Michael Billig’s Talking of the Royal Family, and his focus on rhetorical strategies that legitimate inequalities of money and power. As he argued, in comparing their lives with those of the rich and famous, young people are making sense of the massive disparity between the two, often replacing envy or anger with pleasure in being ‘ordinary’. We extend Billig’s work by looking at a larger class of public figures than royalty, including those with a more permeable border between ‘them’ and ‘us’. In so doing, we expand his categories and attend to the relationship between the gender of celebrities and contemporary rhetorics of inequality.
Associations between the functional CD40 rs4810485 G/T polymorphism and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Y H , Bae S-C , Choi S J , Ji J D , Song G G
Published: April 2015

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine whether the functional CD40 rs4810485 G/T polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

A series of meta-analyses were conducted to test for association between the CD40 rs4810485 G/T polymorphism and RA or SLE.

Results

A total of 21 comparisons involving 15,095 patients and 27,050 controls for RA, and 1353 patients and 2342 controls for SLE were considered. Meta-analysis showed a significant association between the CD40 rs4810485 T allele and RA in all subjects (odds ratio (OR) 0.890, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.846–0.936, p = 5.5 × 10−7). After stratification by ethnicity, the CD40 T allele was found to be significantly associated with RA in Europeans (OR 0.879, 95% CI 0.848–0.901, p = 3.0 × 10−9). A similar pattern of association was observed between the CD40 T allele and RA when the analysis was performed using the recessive, dominant, and additive models. Meta-analysis also showed a significant association between the CD40 polymorphism and SLE in Europeans (OR for the T allele 0.715, 95% CI 0.641–0.832, p = 1.4 × 10−6).

Conclusions

Our meta-analyses confirm that the CD40 rs4810485 G/T polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to RA and SLE in Europeans.
National income and environmental concern: Observations from 35 countries
Authors: Lo Alex Y
Published: April 2015

National income produces mixed impacts on public environmental concern. In a cross-national survey, environmental concern was measured in terms of propensity to act and environmental risk perception. Results of a multilevel regression analysis show that these two measures respond to gross domestic product per capita in opposite ways. Citizens of advanced industrial countries are more likely than those of lower-income countries to contribute to environmental protection. However, they are less likely to see the harmful impacts on the environment as very dangerous. Using an indicator of national adaptive capacity, this article demonstrates that environmental risk perception is a function of a country’s estimated capacity for coping with condition changes. The stronger sense of collective security among citizens of wealthier nations offers a possible explanation for the negative effects of national income. These results indicate the complex relationship between development and public environmental concern across countries.
Internationalization Motivations and Strategies of Israeli Educational Administration Programs
Authors: Yemini Miri , Giladi Aviva
Published: April 2015

Internationalization became a mainstreamed goal of almost every higher education institution, and institutions are expected to proactively implement this process. Although as an academic discipline, education is considered to be one of the most context-related and locally oriented ones, it had not avoided pressures to internationalize. Within the flurry of research on internationalization, a paucity of information exists on the perceptions of academic leadership regarding internationalization within academic educational administration programs, which are preparing future schools’ leadership, who may in turn act as catalysts or inhibitors of internationalization at schools. This study aims to fill this gap with a comprehensive, in-depth, interview-based analysis of the views and opinions of educational administration program directors within diverse contextual settings in the Israeli higher education system, including the large research universities and colleges in the Jewish and Palestinian-Arab sectors, with both secular and religious inclinations. We identified three major discrete themes in the perceptions of educational administrative directors regarding internationalization: (a) the program’s purpose, (b) internationalization’s relations with the institutions’ goals, and (c) internationalization’s meaning. This study sheds light on the motivations for and obstacles facing internationalization from the underresearched perspective of educational administration degree program directors operating within the complex tension of the global–local nexus in education systems.
Investigating the Frequency and Nature of Medication-Related Problems in the Women’s Health Unit of an Australian Tertiary Teaching Hospital
Authors: Thompson Rebecca , Whennan Lisa , Liang Jasmine , Alderman Chris , Grzeskowiak Luke E.
Published: April 2015

Background: Despite the large burden medication-related morbidity and mortality places on the Australian health care system, there is little known about the extent of this problem in a women’s health (obstetric and gynecology) setting. Objective: Determine the frequency and nature of medication-related problems (MRPs) occurring in a women’s health unit (WHU) of an Australian teaching hospital. Methods: A prospective audit of consecutive cases of patients treated in the WHU at a tertiary-level teaching hospital was undertaken by a clinical pharmacist over a 5-week period. Data collected included the following: patient characteristics, type of MRP (using a modified version of the Hepler-Strand classification system), medication involved (according to the World Health Organisation Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system), and clinical significance (using a 2-level severity index). Results: A total of 454 potential MRPs were identified over the 5-week period among 241 patients. A total of 39 MRPs (8.6%) identified were deemed to be of moderate/high clinical significance. The highest number of MRPs (221; 49%) was identified among women admitted following a cesarean delivery, with 83 of 85 women in this group experiencing at least 1 MRP. Additional factors associated with an increased likelihood of patients experiencing a MRP included increased age, length of hospital stay, and number of regular medications taken prior to and during admission ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: The widespread nature of identified MRPs in this setting suggests that various approaches to minimizing these problems and mitigating the associated burden on the health care system are warranted.
Alternate Routes of Administration of Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications
Authors: Kaminsky Bonnie M. , Bostwick Jolene R. , Guthrie Sally K.
Published: April 2015

Objective: To review the administration of antidepressant and antipsychotic medications via inhaled, intranasal, buccal, sublingual, transdermal, and rectal routes. Data Sources: A PubMed search was conducted for all data through March 31, 2015 to identify pertinent literature. Search terms included the generic name of each antidepressant and antipsychotic medication in combination with the following terms: alternate routes of administration, inhaled, intranasal, buccal, sublingual, transdermal, and rectal. Study Selection and Data Extraction: English-language case reports, studies, and reviews describing medication administration in human subjects were included. Data Synthesis: Commercially available products that use an alternative route of administration include loxapine for inhalation, asenapine for sublingual administration, and selegiline for transdermal administration. Case reports and studies describe intranasal, sublingual, and transdermal routes of administration of antipsychotic medications as well as buccal, sublingual, transdermal, and rectal administration of antidepressant medications. The concordance between the physicochemical properties possessed by some antipsychotic and antidepressant agents and the physicochemical properties required for nontraditional routes of administration suggest that administration via alternative routes may be feasible for some of these drugs. Further exploration of drug absorption via alternative routes in addition to consideration of patient and formulation factors may yield improvements in medication therapy for patients with psychiatric illnesses. Conclusions: For patients unable to tolerate oral or injectable therapy, administration of psychotropic medications via nontraditional routes may be feasible. The development of alternative routes of drug delivery could prevent discontinuation of needed medication therapy.
Improving Adherence Rate of Extended Prophylaxis for Venous Thromboembolic Disease After Abdominal and Pelvic Oncologic Surgery
Authors: Vázquez Fernando Javier , Bilbao María Soledad , Saimovici Javier , Vaccaro Carlos
Published: April 2015

Background:

Venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) is higher among patients with cancer. For those undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery for cancer, it is suggested to extend thromboprophylaxis during 4 weeks with low-molecular-weight heparin over limited-duration of 7 days. There is no published local data from our country about compliance with recommended guidelines of extended prophylaxis (EP) in patients with cancer undergoing surgical procedures. Our aim was to evaluate the adherence rate to extended pharmacological thromboprophylaxis after abdominal–pelvic surgery for cancer, before and after an educational intervention program (EIP) geared toward surgeons.

Methods:

Prospective cross-sectional study before and after an EIP aimed for surgeons. All consecutive patients older than 65 years who underwent surgery for abdominal–pelvic neoplasm, at the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina, between September 2013 and May 2014, were evaluated for inclusion.

Results:

A total of 120 patients were included, 60 before and 60 after the EIP aimed for surgeons. None of the initial 60 patients received EP, while 13 (21.6%) of 60 patients received prophylaxis for 28 days (all with colon or rectal cancer) after the intervention. There were no bleeding or death during 90 days of follow-up, and there were 7 of 120 VTE events, none in the group receiving extended thromboprophylaxis.

Conclusion:

The EIP for the surgical team significantly improved their adherence but only in the colon–rectal surgeries. The adherence to the recommended guidelines is still low. Reasons could be the subjective perception of elevated bleeding risk and the variable grade of recommendation in different guidelines.
Understanding Overrepresentation of Indigenous Children in Child Welfare Data
Authors: Cram Fiona , Gulliver Pauline , Ota Rissa , Wilson Moira
Published: April 2015

Child welfare data collected for administrative purposes are often used as a source of information for understanding the population impact of child abuse and neglect (CA/N). This study used administrative data linked at the individual level for a cohort of Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) children to follow and extend a model developed by Drake et al. In this investigation, we aimed to build an understanding of the high representation of indigenous NZ children in administratively sourced measures of CA/N. Variation in rate ratios (RRs) within infant mortality and birth outcomes considered as possible proxies for actual CA/N RRs leaves open a range of interpretations. Our findings indicate that a more nuanced interpretation of the overrepresentation of indigenous children in administratively recorded maltreatment statistics is required. Rather than considering risk and bias as competing explanations, we suggest an acknowledgment of the impact of colonization and the existence of systemic bias generating increased risk as key drivers. As linked administrative data are increasingly used for research and evaluation, and considered for use in supporting decision making, there is a need for a deeper understanding of the drivers of administratively recorded CA/N in order to effectively address the needs of indigenous populations.
Single-dose dexamethasone for the prevention of pemetrexed associated cutaneous adverse reactions
Authors: Elsoueidi Raymond , Lander Michael J , Richa Elie M , Adane Eyob D
Published: April 2015

Pemetrexed (Alimta®) is a novel anti-folate antimetabolite agent that is used in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma and as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin for patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell-lung-cancer. Cutaneous adverse reactions are common side effects of pemetrexed for which the manufacturer recommends 3-day premedication with dexamethasone 4 mg by mouth twice daily—(the day before, the day of, and the day after treatment). Patients’ adherence to this premedication regimen is of concern. We report 14 cases of metastatic non-small-cell-lung-cancer patients who were premedicated with a single dose of dexamethasone 20 mg prior to pemetrexed or pemetrexed-based chemotherapy. None of these patients reported a grade 3 or above skin reactions over the course of their treatments. These findings suggest that a single dose of dexamethasone 20 mg may be an alternative premedication regimen in patients with metastatic non small cell lung cancer receiving pemetrexed or pemetrexed-based chemotherapy.
Prolonged Grief, Posttraumatic Stress, Anger, and Revenge Phenomena Following Homicidal Loss
Authors: Boelen Paul A. , van Denderen Mariette , de Keijser Jos
Published: April 2015

This study examined associations of symptoms of Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD), Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), anger, and revenge thoughts and feelings with different categories of negative cognitions and indices of anxious and depressive avoidance behaviors, among 331 homicidally bereaved individuals. Outcomes showed that symptom levels of PGD and PTSD were higher among individuals who had more negative cognitions about the self, were more inclined to catastrophically misinterpret their grief reactions, and tended to engage in depressive avoidance. Anger was strongly associated with negative cognitions about the self. Revenge thoughts and feelings were associated with pessimistic cognitions and anxious avoidance of loss-related stimuli.
The ‘Non-aligned’
Authors: Neves Barbara Barbosa , de Matos João Monteiro , Rente Rita , Martins Sara Lopes
Published: April 2015

This article examines young people’s narratives of rejection of social networking sites (SNSs). It draws upon data of 30 semi-structured interviews with young people aged 18–26 from Portugal. The findings show that reasons for rejecting SNSs are related to three main categories: perceived usefulness of SNSs; specific social practices in SNSs (e.g., disclosure of personal data and gossip); and self-presentation and identity. In addition, our data point to four types of non-users: resisters, rejecters, surrogate users, and potential converts. This typology challenges dichotomies, such as, usage versus non-usage, access versus non-access, and consumption versus non-consumption. Finally, we explore feelings of missing out and social strategies set in place by non-users to cope with the pervasive use of SNSs among young people. We contribute, therefore, to the limited literature on rejection of social media amongst this group, by giving voice to young non-users and their choices.
Association of cardiovascular and biochemical risk factors with tibial artery calcification
Authors: Deas Dale S , Marshall Andre P , Bian Aihua , Shintani Ayumi , Guzman Raul J
Published: April 2015

The cardiovascular risk factors that contribute to coronary calcification have been extensively studied while those related to tibial artery calcium are less well defined. We sought to determine the associations between cardiovascular risk factors and tibial artery calcification in a cohort of patients with and without significant peripheral atherosclerosis. A total of 222 patients without end-stage renal disease were identified in a prospectively maintained database containing tibial artery calcification (TAC) scores, and demographic, cardiovascular, and biochemical risk factor information. Patients with prevalent tibial artery calcification were more likely to be older, male, and have a history positive for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and tobacco use. Patients with an abnormal ankle–brachial index (ABI) or symptoms of peripheral artery disease (PAD) were also more likely to have higher calcium values. In analyses using multivariable logistic regression, age, gender, diabetes, and tobacco use maintained their association with prevalent tibial calcification while hypertension, hyperlipidemia and body mass index did not. These associations remained when PAD was added to the model. After adjusting for relevant cardiovascular risk factors, we found that only abnormal ABI, current PAD symptoms, and lower serum calcium values were associated with the presence of tibial artery calcification. In conclusion, in patients without end-stage renal disease, tibial artery calcification has risk factors that are similar but not identical to those for coronary artery calcification and peripheral atherosclerosis.
A community-based early intervention program for toddlers with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Rollins Pamela Rosenthal , Campbell Michelle , Hoffman Renee Thibodeau , Self Kayli
Published: April 2015

This study examined Pathways Early Autism Intervention, a community-based, parent-mediated, intensive behavioral and developmental intervention program for children with autism spectrum disorders that could be used as a model for state-funded early intervention programs. A single-subject, multiple-baseline, across-participants design was used. Four boys with autism spectrum disorder and their mothers participated. Interventionists made weekly home visits and worked with caregivers to establish and maintain face-to-face reciprocal social interaction and eye contact. Each session included a 10-min video of parent–child interaction. Evidence of intervention effectiveness was measured by percentage of nonoverlapping data points. Social validity was measured using questionnaire items in regard to parents’ perception of the intervention. The intervention was effective for the measures of eye contact, social engagement, and verbal reciprocity but not for nonverbal turn taking. Parents perceived the intervention as beneficial and easy to learn and incorporate into daily life.
Glimmers of the forbidden fruit: Reminiscing pornography, conceptualizing the archive
Authors: Kyrölä Katariina , Paasonen Susanna
Published: April 2015

The article explores theoretical and methodological understandings of the archive, drawing on a research project that investigates reminiscences of using and encountering pornography in Finland. The contributors’ reminiscences of what they have done with porn can be seen as forming an archive of feelings, which sheds light on attachments and practices often considered ephemeral and hidden, and focuses attention on the queer significance of those practices. We further consider the blurred boundaries between an archive, a collection and a stash in terms of their secrecy, publicness and affective intensity. Finally, we propose that the notion of somatic archives allows for analysis of how encounters with pornography layer through time in our bodies, contributing to forms of sexual knowledge. The article thus examines interconnections between memory work archives, personal porn stashes and somatic archives while analysing the importance and power of pornography in and for everyday life, sexual histories and cultural memory.
Siding with vinyl: Record Store Day and the branding of independent music
Authors: Harvey Eric
Published: April 2015

In response to the digitization and corporatization of the record industry, Record Store Day brands music consumption as an ethical decision, coordinating the release of exclusive vinyl records to independent, locally owned retailers and framing an engineered collectors’ market as an annual holiday. In this article, I evaluate Record Store Day as an ambivalent brand culture – a perspective highlighting the affective and relational components of brands without privileging exploitation or authenticity. At once, Record Store Day is a commercial platform for the development of media ideologies and political subject positions on independence and a capitalist operation that compartmentalizes its corporate intermediaries and offloads financial risk onto small stores. Record Store Day’s success suggests that ambivalent brand cultures provide a productive framework through which to analyse the political and cultural possibilities of media formats and independent retail.