bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Landscape in Narrative Cinema
Authors: Lefebvre Martin
Published: April 2018

Des spécialistes des études du paysage ont identifié une tension entre le paysage conçu comme objet d’observation (le paysage de la peinture) et le paysage conçu comme espace vécu (le paysage de la géographie). Dans cet article, je montre que, de toutes les formes de médiation qui président à l’émergence du paysage, c’est au cinéma que cette tension se manifeste de la façon la plus vive et, jusqu’à un certain point, qu’elle se résout d’elle-même. Au coeur de cette question réside la capacité unique du cinéma de conjuguer espace et temps, représentation picturale et récit, et de les projeter sur le paysage. L’argument nécessite un parcours qui nous conduira de la peinture au cinéma en passant par la photographie avant de retrouver, enfin, le cinéma.
Castrating the Body of the Police: Portraits of an Impotent Institution in the Early Films of Pedro Almodóvar
Authors: Conrod Frédéric
Published: April 2018

De 1980 à 1997, Pedro Almodóvar a, dans ses films, systématiquement ridiculisé la police. Comme il le soutenait au commencement de sa carrière de réalisateur, l’Espagne ne craignait plus une institution qui fut la main droite d’une dictature. Pendant les années de la Transición toutefois, le rôle et l’image de la police, vue comme un ennemi social, change d’un film à l’autre. Le spectateur peut voir cette évolution se déployer dans les premiers films d’Almodóvar. Cet article suit le développement de l’image de la police dans ces films, développement conçu comme une série caricaturale qui émerge d’un long processus de castration désirant empêcher le corps policier de reproduire une dictature.
T.O. Live with Film: The Toronto International Film Festival and Municipal Cultural Policy in Contemporary Toronto
Authors: Kredell Brendan
Published: April 2018

Devant la croissance importante de l’industrie du cinéma et de l’audiovisuel dans l’économie postindustrielle de Toronto, la ville a encouragé le développement de la culture dorénavant considérée comme un moteur économique potentiel. Par la lecture minutieuse de rapports à propos des politiques clés et des discours qui les ont entourées, cet article suit l’évolution de l’instrumentalisme dominant les politiques culturelles municipales depuis les années 1970, pour soutenir que ce rapprochement entre la culture et l’économie a permis aux responsables politiques de redéfinir l’idée de culture pour faciliter le support gouvernemental direct au films et aux productions audiovisuelles. Cet article se penche spécifiquement sur la TIFF Bell Lightbox, nouvelle résidence permanente du Festival international du film de Toronto, en montrant comment la rhétorique de la croissance économique a pénétré le discours culturel au point où la valeur d’un organisme culturel est maintenant largement mesurée en fonction de son impact économique.
The Virtual Metropolis: Restoration as Simulacrum
Authors: Stoddard Matthew
Published: April 2018

Cet article vise à construire un nouveau concept de restauration du film qui se fonde sur l’idée deleuzienne de simulacre. Cette façon de concevoir la restauration se distingue de la visée traditionnelle qui cherche à assurer la réduplication d’un original. Elle entend plutôt préserver le potentiel de métamorphose que possède cet original. S’inspirant du concept deleuzien de l’image-temps, notre essai offre une analyse de la dernière restauration en date de Metropolis de Fritz Lang intitulée The Complete Metropolis. Cette exemple sert ici à explorer certaines formes cinématiques et certains effets de la restauration conçue comme simulacre. Notre article explore tout particulièrement la juxtaposition d’images restaurées numériquement avec des images qui comportent des marques de dégradation physique que l’on retrouve dans The Complete Metropolis. Alors que cette restauration a été critiquée pour la façon dont elle entretient un sentiment de stagnation historique associée paradoxalement à l’accroissement des technologies numériques propre au capitalisme tardif, notre article montre comment la restauration conçue comme simulacre peut permettre de combattre cette stagnation. La restauration cinéma - tographique devient alors potentiellement une forme radicale de cinéma.
Film Appreciation and Cultural Leadership: Rudolf Arnheim, Roger Manvell, and Two Books Called Film
Authors: MacDonald Richard Lowell
Published: April 2018

Cet essai examine la portée du livre Film de Roger Manvell — un livre de poche de la collection Penguin — auprès de la génération des activistes bénévoles des cinéclubs lors de l’Après-guerre en Grande-Bretagne. Il débute en comparant les idées d’appréciation esthétique et d’analyse filmique telles qu’on les retrouve dans le classique Film de Rudolf Arnheim, traduit en anglais et publié en Grande-Bretagne par Faber en 1933, avec ces mêmes idées telles qu’on les retrouve dans l’ouvrage du même nom de Manvell. Ce dernier fut un activiste du cinéclub de Leicester qui est ensuite devenu responsable du cinéma au ministère de l’information et on se rappelle de son livre comme d’une bible pour les nouvelles générations d’animateurs de cinéclubs après 1945. Cet article défend l’idée qu’au moment où le modèle du cinéclub était en essor, le livre de Manvell concevait le cinéclub responsable comme un instrument des classes éduquées qui défendait une idée du cinéma comme un art populaire, réaliste et socialement engagé plutôt que comme un art d’élite promu par les intellectuels ou par une avant-garde artistique.
Aspects temporels d’une muséologie du cinéma
Authors: Véronneau Pierre
Published: April 2018

The multiplication in Europe and North America of museums of the moving image, at the same time different and complementary to the traditional cinematheques, prompts a reflection on the nature of cinema museology. How to exhibit cinema? More precisely, an art and an institution anchored more on the side of time than on the side of space. In other words, how to exhibit time? Of what time are we speaking? The time of film, the time of cinema? This article deals with certain aspects that touch upon the temporal dimension of the films and the narrative. In dealing with the time of history, this article evokes the position of films in time and in relation to their context. And lastly, this article deals with the time of the spectator who is also the visitor. Taking all these aspects into consideration should guide all exhibitions of cinema and enrich the museology of the moving image.
Fragmentation and Ideology in Kira Muratova’s The Asthenic Syndrome and Arto Paragamian’s Because Why
Authors: Roll Serafima
Published: April 2018

Ce texte tente de cerner un aspect de l’alliance délicate entre la pratique de la fragmentation que l’on retrouve dans plusieurs discours modernistes et l’idéologie dans the Asthe-nic Syndrome de Kira Muratova et Because Why de Arto paragamian. Il est démontré comment, en utilisant les métodes formalistes de leurs prédécesseurs, les cinéastes contemporains analysent les problèmes idéologiques prédominants auxquels font face leurs sociétés—d’un côté la brutalité capillaire de l’après-Glasnost en Russie, et de l’autre la plus subtile violence envers la liberté individuelle dans la société contemporaine canadienne qui mène à l’aliénation personelle et sociale. En abordant la résurgence des instincts violents et l’inértie générale la société russe contemporaine ainsi que la cellule familiale canadienne, ce texte explicite l’attention que portent les réalisateurs aux situations historiques concrètes et soulève quelques questions par rapport aux problèmes sociaux vécus par deux sociétés différentes dans une conjoncture historique particulière.
Women’s Pictures: Identity and Representation in Recent Mexican Cinema
Authors: Her$hfield Joanne
Published: April 2018

Cet article examine trois films produits récemment par des réalisatrices mexicaines qui remettent en question la façon dont le cinéma classique mexicain représente la femme par l'intermédiaire de figures archétypes tels que les mères vertueuses et victimes, les jeunes filles séduites et abandonnées, et las malas mujeres (méchantes femmes.) L’article suggère que, même si tous les films réalisés par des femmes ne peuvent être catégoriquement qualifiées de «féministes», il est necessaire de les situer a l’intérieur d'un contexte qui tient compte des rapports matériels que les femmes entretiennent avec les notions d’identités sexuelles, de race, de religion et de classes sociales.
An Aborted Revolution, A Stillborn Generation: Generational Politics and Gender Relations in Péter Gothár’s Time Stands Still
Authors: Haltof Marek , Smith Donald
Published: April 2018

Cet essai porte sur le film de Péter Gothár Time Stands Still, l’une des meilleures oeuvres politiques produites en Europe centrale. Cette fresque sombre et cauchemardesque mais ironiquement nostalgique traite de l’insurrection hongroise de 1956 et de ses effets, ainsi que du soulvèment des jeunes gens contre l’ordre établie aussi bien au niveau de la politique hongroise qu’au niveau des relations homme-femme. Le film de Gothár, souvent comparé à American Graffiti, joint le thème de l’éveil sexual à celui de l’éveil politique. Tous les personnages principaux du film représentent différentes positions idéologiques dans la société hongroise.
Ciné-Documents: Les Films “Perdus” De La Guerre Oubliée
Authors: Lacasse Germain
Published: April 2018

This article provides a brief history and description of films depicting Canadian participation in World War I and a report on their current status as archival documents. Noting plans to sell some of this irreplaceable footage as stock shots, the author makes a strong plea for the preservation and thorough cataloguing of all documentary footage from that extremely significant period in the history of Canada and Québec.
Film Feminism and Nostalgia for the Seventies: The Martin Walsh Memorial Lecture 1999
Authors: Petro Patrice
Published: April 2018

Ce texte se questionne sur de récents écrits et exposés à travers lesquels des critiques et théoriciennes féministes expriment ce qui semble être de la nostalgie pour la théorie des années 70. De façon à complexifier les notions de “nostalgie” et de “théorie des années 70”, l’auteure repense la théorie cinématographique féministe, ce qu’elle était et ce qu’elle est devenue, afin d’évaluer son passé et de compenser pour les promesses qu’elle n’a pas tenues.
Desire in Bondage: Guy Maddin’s Careful
Authors: Varga Darrell
Published: April 2018

Cet article offre une lecture du film Careful de Guy Maddin à la lumière de la théorie nietzschéenne de l’art comme produit de la tension entre Apollon et Dionysos. Se basant sur La Naissance de la tragédie et certains de ses dérivés, cette analyse propose un questionnement philosophique contemporain sur l’étrangeté et le sublime pour comprendre l’art comme objet d’excès incontrôlable, et le cinéma de Maddin comme alternative à la cohérence narrative du réalisme social qui caractérise le cinéma canadien et sa critique.
Documenting Government: Re-examining the 1950s National Film Board Films About Citizenship
Authors: Allan Blaine
Published: April 2018

Bien que la majorité des histoires de l’ONF concluent que les années 50 ont été témoins d’un épanouissement esthétique suite au départ de John Grierson, il est nécessaire de considérer la majorité des films de cette époque en des termes se rapprochant du raisonnement gouvernemental adopté par Grierson. Cet article passe en revue les rapports que Grierson a entretenus avec les sciences sociales au cours de ses études à l’Université de Chicago au milieu des années 20 et ses liens avec l’Empire Marketing Board, de façon à brosser un tableau de sa conception de l’efficacité politique du documentaire et du genre de travail auquel le gouvernement canadien s’attendait de lui. Sur ce fond historique, l’auteur examine quelques films représentatifs des années 50 pour démontrer que l’ONF construisait à l’époque des récits sur la citoyenneté qui définissait l’identité des immigrants, des groupes ethniques et des premières nations à fin de visualiser l’amalgame national en tant qu’entité gouvernable.
Film, Culture Criticism, and Institutional Form, 1936-1956: The Work of Vernon van Sickle
Authors: Tiessen Paul
Published: April 2018

Le travail peu connu de Vernon van Sickle, un écrivain canadien militant en faveur des études cinématographiques, a été motivé et façonné par sa réaction contre le discours officiel se rattachant au cinéma et à ses institutions au course des années 30. L’attitude de Van Sickle face au cinéma a aussi été influencé par les positions divergentes adoptées par deux figures de la littérature moderniste actives au Canada à l’époque, Wyndham Lewis et Malcolm Lowry. Cet article examine deux des principaux véhicules utilisés par van Sickle pour exprimer sa vision: son texte de prose, toujours inédit, “Vaudeville,” qui est, dans une certaine mesure, une satire d’institutions comme l’Office national du film et Radio-Canada; et son rôle d’organisateur de cours “d’initiation au cinéma” ou de “groupes d’étude” au Canada pendant les années 40 et 50.
oh-oh Canada: Sweet Treats for Unsettling Futures
Authors: Decter Leah
Published: April 2018

This photo essay offers a brief introduction to the hybrid curatorial/collaborative project oh-oh Canada, which I launched in Ottawa on Canada Day, 2016, as a performance art action at Parliament Hill. oh-oh Canada alludes to the way Canadians enthusiastically consume a set of narratives that characterize the nation as “peaceful, welcoming, and benevolent; a country built through diplomacy” and asks that we/they consider what is missing from these accounts. It does so through the free distribution of a line of “unsettled” maple sugar candies created by artists Adrian Stimson, Cecily Nicolson, Lisa Myers, Peter Morin, Cheryl L’Hirondelle, David Garneau, Michael Farnan, and myself. Given away at patriotic celebrations and other community events, the candies inject overlooked narratives into public and domestic spaces, practices selective commemoration, and the individual bodies of members of the public. Through a short description, Artist Statements, and images of the launch and the candies themselves, this essay situates oh-oh Canada as an intervention into the primacy of dominant narratives that shape the nation’s “preferred memory” in the contours of a settler colonial mindset.
Grüne Wirtschaft: eine Annäherung an mögliche Zielkonflikte und Synergien im Wald
Authors: Zabel Astrid , Schulz Tobias , Lieberherr Eva
Published: April 2018

Green economy: an approximation of possible goal conflicts and synergies in the forest

The development of sectors of a “sustainable” or “green” economy often involve trade-offs with other demands for resources and scarce land. The ambition to use agricultural areas more economically and to promote renewable energy production, has led to several recent changes in the legislation in Switzerland. These changes are likely to create a dynamic that will intensify trade-offs in forests. In this paper we discuss two examples of the renewable energy sector – wood biomass and wind power. We explore how these growing sectors could affect the provision of forest ecosystem services. We identify both conflicts as well as synergies, whereby we find that especially effects of increased energy wood use will strongly depend on the sylvicultural practices applied. The research project “ATREE” will broaden this analysis, including further sectors of the “green” economy and will present corresponding policy recommendations to resolve such tradeoffs.
Plant diversity in Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary of Chittagong and its conservation management
Authors: Rahman MA
Published: April 2018

Plant diversity inventory in the Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary of Bangladesh has been made through qualitative survey and their status of occurrence assessed for taking proper conservation management. The inventory has recognized 89 dicot (Magnoliopsida) families represented in this wildlife sanctuary by 305 genera and 478 species with in an area of 2908.5 ha. Of these, 86 (18%) species were assessed to be rare and endangered while 14 (2.93%) critically endangered. Determination of habit type resulted 189 (39.54%) species of trees, 119 (24.90%) shrubs including 26 (5.44%) climbers and 170 (35.56%) herbs including 46 climbers and two epiphytes. Three species, thought to be possibly extinct from the flora of Bangladesh, are being reported as rediscovery from this sanctuary, these are: Aglaia edulis (Roxb.) Wall., Knema erratica (Hook.f. and Thom.) J. Sinclair and Artabotrys caudatus Wall ex Hook.f. and Thom. An enumeration of these taxa is prepared citing each species with family name, bangla/local name(s), habit and conservation status for supporting the preparation of protected area management plan for implementation of National Conservation Strategy.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2017, 3(2): 43-56
Motivational profiles and their relationships with basic psychological needs, academic performance, study strategies, self-esteem, and vitality in dental students in Chile
Authors: Orsini Cesar A. , Binnie Vivian I. , Tricio Jorge A.
Published: April 2018

Purpose: To determine dental students’ motivational profiles through a person-centred approach and to analyse the associations with the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs, study strategies, academic performance, self-esteem, and vitality. Methods: A total of 924 students from the University of San Sebastian (Chile) participated in this cross-sectional cor¬relational study in spring 2016. Data were collected through 5 self-reported instruments, in addition to students’ academic performance. The Cronbach alpha, descriptive statistics, and correla¬tion scores were computed. A k-means cluster analysis with intrinsic and controlled motivation was conducted to identify different mo-tivational profiles. Subsequently, multivariate analysis of covariance controlling for the effects of gender and year of study was carried out to assess differences among the retained motivational profiles and learning variables. Results: All instruments showed acceptable Cronbach alpha scores. A 4-cluster solution was retained for the motivational profile over a 3- or 5-cluster solution. Students’ motiva-tional profiles were characterized by different degrees of intrinsic and controlled motivation. The high intrinsic motivation groups showed higher perceptions of their basic psychological, a greater propensity for a deep rather than surface study strategy, better academic performance, and higher scores for self-esteem and vitality than the low intrinsic motivation groups, regardless of the degree of controlled motivation. Conclusion: Students with a high intrinsic motivation profile, regardless of their controlled motivation scores, reported better learning characteristics. Therefore, special attention should be paid to students’ motivational profiles, as the quality of motivation might serve as a basis for interventions to support their academic success and well-being.
Characterizing Spatial Variability in Soil Water Content for Precision Irrigation Management
Authors: De Lara Alfonso , Khosla Raj , Longchamps Louis
Published: April 2018

Among one of the many challenges in implementing precision irrigation is to obtain an accurate characterization of the soil water content (SWC) across spatially variable fields along the crop growing season. The accuracy of characterizing SWC has been tested primarily on a small-scale and has received little attention from the scientific community at the field scale. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the characterization of the spatial distribution of soil water content at the field scale by the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). In evaluating the current aim, ECa survey was compared against repeated measurements of SWC at five depths using neutron probe. Results showed that mean SWC was different across ECa derived management zones, which indicates that on a macro-scale, soil ECa could effectively characterize the mean differences in SWC across management zones. Results also showed that deep ECa (0–150 cm) survey outperformed shallow survey (0–75 cm). Considering other soil properties, such as organic matter content and salt content, further improved the relationship between SWC and ECa.
Evaluation of Two Compressed Air Foam Systems for Culling Caged Layer Hens
Authors: Benson Eric R. , Weiher Jaclyn A. , Alphin Robert L. , Farnell Morgan , Hougentogler Daniel P.
Published: April 2018

Outbreaks of avian influenza (AI) and other highly contagious poultry diseases continue to be a concern for those involved in the poultry industry. In the situation of an outbreak, emergency depopulation of the birds involved is necessary. In this project, two compressed air foam systems (CAFS) were evaluated for mass emergency depopulation of layer hens in a manure belt equipped cage system. In both experiments, a randomized block design was used with multiple commercial layer hens treated with one of three randomly selected depopulation methods: CAFS, CAFS with CO2 gas, and CO2 gas. In Experiment 1, a Rowe manufactured CAFS was used, a selection of birds were instrumented, and the time to unconsciousness, brain death, altered terminal cardiac activity and motion cessation were recorded. CAFS with and without CO2 was faster to unconsciousness, however, the other parameters were not statistically significant. In Experiment 2, a custom Hale based CAFS was used to evaluate the impact of bird age, a selection of birds were instrumented, and the time to motion cessation was recorded. The difference in time to cessation of movement between pullets and spent hens using CAFS was not statistically significant. Both CAFS depopulate caged layers, however, there was no benefit to including CO2.
Specificity of Induction of Glycopeptide Antibiotic Resistance in the Producing Actinomycetes
Authors: Binda Elisa , Cappelletti Pamela , Marinelli Flavia , Marcone Giorgia Letizia
Published: April 2018

Glycopeptide antibiotics are drugs of last resort for treating severe infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens. It is widely believed that glycopeptide-resistance determinants (van genes) are ultimately derived from the producing actinomycetes. We hereby investigated the relationship between the antimicrobial activity of vancomycin and teicoplanins and their differential ability to induce van gene expression in Actinoplanes teichomyceticus—the producer of teicoplanin—and Nonomuraea gerenzanensis—the producer of the teicoplanin-like A40926. As a control, we used the well-characterized resistance model Streptomyces coelicolor. The enzyme activities of a cytoplasmic-soluble d,d-dipeptidase and of a membrane-associated d,d-carboxypeptidase (corresponding to VanX and VanY respectively) involved in resistant cell wall remodeling were measured in the actinomycetes grown in the presence or absence of subinhibitory concentrations of vancomycin, teicoplanin, and A40926. Results indicated that actinomycetes possess diverse self-resistance mechanisms, and that each of them responds differently to glycopeptide induction. Gene swapping among teicoplanins-producing actinomycetes indicated that cross-talking is possible and provides useful information for predicting the evolution of future resistance gene combinations emerging in pathogens.
Comparison of Staphylococcus Phage K with Close Phage Relatives Commonly Employed in Phage Therapeutics
Authors: Ajuebor Jude , Buttimer Colin , Arroyo-Moreno Sara , Chanishvili Nina , Gabriel Emma M. , O’Mahony Jim , McAuliffe Olivia , Neve Horst , Franz Charles , Coffey Aidan
Published: April 2018

The increase in antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a public health danger requiring alternative treatment options, and this has led to renewed interest in phage therapy. In this respect, we describe the distinct host ranges of Staphylococcus phage K, and two other K-like phages against 23 isolates, including 21 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) representative sequence types representing the Irish National MRSA Reference Laboratory collection. The two K-like phages were isolated from the Fersisi therapeutic phage mix from the Tbilisi Eliava Institute, and were designated B1 (vB_SauM_B1) and JA1 (vB_SauM_JA1). The sequence relatedness of B1 and JA1 to phage K was observed to be 95% and 94% respectively. In terms of host range on the 23 Staphylococcus isolates, B1 and JA1 infected 73.9% and 78.2% respectively, whereas K infected only 43.5%. Eleven open reading frames (ORFs) present in both phages B1 and JA1 but absent in phage K were identified by comparative genomic analysis. These ORFs were also found to be present in the genomes of phages (Team 1, vB_SauM-fRuSau02, Sb_1 and ISP) that are components of several commercial phage mixtures with reported wide host ranges. This is the first comparative study of therapeutic staphylococcal phages within the recently described genus Kayvirus.
Fruit and Vegetable By-Products to Fortify Spreadable Cheese
Authors: Lucera Annalisa , Costa Cristina , Marinelli Valeria , Saccotelli Maria Antonietta , Del Nobile Matteo Alessandro , Conte Amalia
Published: April 2018

In this work, spreadable cheese was enriched with flours from by-products (red and white grape pomace, tomato peel, broccoli, corn bran, and artichokes) as sources of fibres and antioxidant compounds. The physicochemical and the sensory properties of all the cheese samples were analysed. Results revealed that total phenolic content, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of samples containing grape pomace significantly increased, followed by broccoli, artichoke, corn bran, and tomato peel by-products, compared to the control cheese. Specifically, cheeses containing white and red grape pomace recorded high phenolic content (2.74 ± 0.04 and 2.34 ± 0.15 mg GAEs/g dw, respectively) compared to the control (0.66 mg GAEs/g dw).
Photovoltaic Cell and Module I-V Characteristic Approximation Using Bézier Curves
Authors: Szabo Roland , Gontean Aurel
Published: April 2018

The aim of this work was to introduce new ways to model the I-V characteristic of a photovoltaic (PV) cell or PV module using straight lines and Bézier curves. This is a complete novel approach, Bézier curves being previously used mainly for computer graphics. The I-V characteristic is divided into three sections, modeled with lines and a quadratic Bézier curve in the first case and with three cubic Bézier curves in the second case. The result proves to be accurate and relies on the fundamental points usually present in the PV cell datasheets: V o c (the open circuit voltage), I s c (the short circuit current), V m p (the maximum power corresponding voltage) and I m p (the maximum power corresponding current), and the parasitic resistances R s h 0 (shunt resistance at I s c ) and R s 0 (series resistance at V o c ). The proposed algorithm completely defines all the implied control points and the error is analyzed. The temperature and irradiance influence is also analyzed. The model is also compared using the least squares fitting method. The final validation shows how to use Bézier cubic curves to accurately represent the I-V curves of an extensive range of PV cells and arrays.
One Layer Nonlinear Economic Closed-Loop Generalized Predictive Control for a Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: El bahja Hicham , Vega Pastora , Revollar Silvana , Francisco Mario
Published: April 2018

The main scope of this paper is the proposal of a new single layer Nonlinear Economic Closed-Loop Generalized Predictive Control (NECLGPC) as an efficient advanced control technique for improving economics in the operation of nonlinear plants. Instead of the classic dual-mode MPC (model predictive controller) schemes, where the terminal control law defined in the terminal region is obtained offline solving a linear quadratic regulator problem, here the terminal control law in the NECLGPC is determined online by an unconstrained Nonlinear Generalized Predictive Control (NGPC). In order to make the optimization problem more tractable two considerations have been made in the present work. Firstly, the prediction model consisting of a nonlinear phenomenological model of the plant is expressed with linear structure and state dependent matrices. Secondly, instead of including the nonlinear economic cost in the objective function, an approximation of the reduced gradient of the economic function is used. These assumptions allow us to design an economic unconstrained nonlinear GPC analytically and to state the NECLGPC allow for the design of an economic problem as a QP (Quadratic Programing) problem each sampling time. Four controllers based on GPC that differ in designs and structures are compared with the proposed control technique in terms of process performance and energy costs. Particularly, the methodology is implemented in the N-Removal process of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and the results prove the efficiency of the method and that it can be used profitably in practical cases.
Feasibility of LED-Assisted CMOS Camera: Contrast Estimation for Laser Tattoo Treatment
Authors: Pham Ngot Thi , Song Woosub , Kim Hyejin , Jung Jae Hyun , Park Suhyun , Kang Hyun Wook
Published: April 2018

Understanding the residual tattoo ink in skin after laser treatment is often critical for achieving good clinical outcomes. The current study aims to investigate the feasibility of a light-emitting diode (LED)-assisted CMOS camera to estimate the relative variations in tattoo contrast after the laser treatment. Asian mice were tattooed using two color inks (black and red). The LED illumination was a separate process from the laser tattoo treatment. Images of the ink tattoos in skin were acquired under the irradiation of three different LED colors (red, green, and blue) for pre- and post-treatment. The degree of contrast variation due to the treatment was calculated and compared with the residual tattoo distribution in the skin. The black tattoo demonstrated that the contrast consistently decreased after the laser treatment for all LED colors. However, the red tattoo showed that the red LED yielded an insignificant contrast whereas the green and blue LEDs induced a 30% (p < 0.001) and 26% (p < 0.01) contrast reduction between the treatment conditions, respectively. The proposed LED-assisted CMOS camera can estimate the relative variations in the image contrast before and after the laser tattoo treatment.
DF Relayed Subcarrier FSO Links over Malaga Turbulence Channels with Phase Noise and Non-Zero Boresight Pointing Errors
Authors: Varotsos George K. , Nistazakis Hector E. , Gappmair Wilfried , Sandalidis Harilaos G. , Tombras George S.
Published: April 2018

Subcarrier free-space optical (FSO) systems using coherent recovery techniques at the receiver have acquired growing research interest in recent times. However, their optimal performance is diminished by the non-perfect synchronization of carrier frequency and phase, which is mainly due to phase noise problems. Moreover, turbulence and pointing error effects further deteriorate the overall performance. However, relay transmission schemes can extend the coverage distance and offer substantial improvements over fading conditions. In this respect, we consider a serially relayed network using decode-and-forward relays, and investigate its performance by means of average symbol error probability and mean outage duration. Turbulence is modeled by the recently unified M(alaga) distribution, which constitutes a very general statistical model that accurately describes the irradiance fluctuations from weak-to-strong turbulence conditions. Additionally, the presence of non-zero boresight pointing errors due to misalignment between the transmitter–receiver pair is considered, while the effect of phase noise is specified by a Tikhonov distribution. A comparison between single line-of-sight and serially relayed FSO configurations is provided as well. Novel approximated mathematical expressions are deduced, which are proved to be accurate enough over a wide range of turbulence strengths and signal-to-noise values. Finally, proper numerical results are presented and validated by Monte Carlo simulations.
Multidecadal Variability in the Subseasonal Peak of Low-Level Convergence over the Pacific Warm Pool
Authors: Lin Yen-Heng , Wang S.-Y. Simon
Published: April 2018

In the Western North Pacific (WNP), the atmospheric low-level convergence is one of the main factors that influences the genesis of tropical cyclones (TC). It has been observed that the timing of the seasonal maxima in the low-level convergence and TC genesis has shifted since the mid-1990s from mid-August to late-July, with this shift having also affected the number of TC. A multidecadal frequency of 20 years was revealed in the timing variation of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the Western Pacific, in which a weak WNP low-level convergence in spring may trigger an advanced ISO phase in summer and vice versa. The present diagnostic analysis does not identify any prominent oceanic variations associated with these multidecadal variations in the summer ISO or in the spring setup of the ISO. The atmospheric circulation does show an anomaly, which suggests an intensified extension of the subtropical high. The possible mechanism may be related to stochastic low-frequency variability of the atmosphere, which acts to influence the seasonal evolution of the WNP low-level convergence.
On Street-Canyon Flow Dynamics: Advanced Validation of LES by Time-Resolved PIV
Authors: Kellnerová Radka , Fuka Vladimír , Uruba Václav , Jurčáková Klára , Nosek Štěpán , Chaloupecká Hana , Jaňour Zbyněk
Published: April 2018

The advanced statistical techniques for qualitative and quantitative validation of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of turbulent flow within and above a two-dimensional street canyon are presented. Time-resolved data from 3D LES are compared with those obtained from time-resolved 2D Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements. We have extended a standard validation approach based solely on time-mean statistics by a novel approach based on analyses of the intermittent flow dynamics. While the standard Hit rate validation metric indicates not so good agreement between compared values of both the streamwise and vertical velocity within the canyon canopy, the Fourier, quadrant and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) analyses demonstrate very good LES prediction of highly energetic and characteristic features in the flow. Using the quadrant analysis, we demonstrated similarity between the model and the experiment with respect to the typical shape of intensive sweep and ejection events and their frequency of appearance. These findings indicate that although the mean values predicted by the LES do not meet the criteria of all the standard validation metrics, the dominant coherent structures are simulated well.
Revisiting the Stark Width and Shift of He II Pα
Authors: Stollberg Christine , Stambulchik Evgeny , Duan Bin , Gigosos Marco A. , González Herrero Diego , Iglesias Carlos A. , Mossé Caroline
Published: April 2018

We report experimental determination of plasma-induced Stark widths and shifts of the He II P α line and a comparison of the results with calculations performed by several computational approaches. The measurements were carried out in a small compressing plasma channel device, reaching electron densities in excess of 10 18 cm − 3 and temperatures of a few eV. The experimental data are in a good agreement with some previously published studies. However, the measured relation between the Stark shift and width could not be reproduced by either of the codes, and this disagreement is not yet resolved. This suggests the existence of an additional effect that is not accounted for in the present models and leads to a larger than expected Stark shift of the He II P α line.
Role of Bioreactor Technology in Tissue Engineering for Clinical Use and Therapeutic Target Design
Authors: Selden Clare , Fuller Barry
Published: April 2018

Micro and small bioreactors are well described for use in bioprocess development in pre-production manufacture, using ultra-scale down and microfluidic methodology. However, the use of bioreactors to understand normal and pathophysiology by definition must be very different, and the constraints of the physiological environment influence such bioreactor design. This review considers the key elements necessary to enable bioreactors to address three main areas associated with biological systems. All entail recreation of the in vivo cell niche as faithfully as possible, so that they may be used to study molecular and cellular changes in normal physiology, with a view to creating tissue-engineered grafts for clinical use; understanding the pathophysiology of disease at the molecular level; defining possible therapeutic targets; and enabling appropriate pharmaceutical testing on a truly representative organoid, thus enabling better drug design, and simultaneously creating the potential to reduce the numbers of animals in research. The premise explored is that not only cellular signalling cues, but also mechano-transduction from mechanical cues, play an important role.
Efficient Computational Design of a Scaffold for Cartilage Cell Regeneration
Authors: Tajsoleiman Tannaz , Abdekhodaie Mohammad Jafar , Gernaey Krist V. , Krühne Ulrich
Published: April 2018

Due to the sensitivity of mammalian cell cultures, understanding the influence of operating conditions during a tissue generation procedure is crucial. In this regard, a detailed study of scaffold based cell culture under a perfusion flow is presented with the aid of mathematical modelling and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). With respect to the complexity of the case study, this work focuses solely on the effect of nutrient and metabolite concentrations, and the possible influence of fluid-induced shear stress on a targeted cell (cartilage) culture. The simulation set up gives the possibility of predicting the cell culture behavior under various operating conditions and scaffold designs. Thereby, the exploitation of the predictive simulation into a newly developed stochastic routine provides the opportunity of exploring improved scaffold geometry designs. This approach was applied on a common type of fibrous structure in order to increase the process efficiencies compared with the regular used formats. The suggested topology supplies a larger effective surface for cell attachment compared to the reference design while the level of shear stress is kept at the positive range of effect. Moreover, significant improvement of mass transfer is predicted for the suggested topology.
Numerical Investigations of the Influencing Factors on a Rotary Regenerator-Type Catalytic Combustion Reactor
Authors: Sang Zhenkun , Bo Zemin , Lv Xiaojing , Weng Yiwu
Published: April 2018

Ultra-low calorific value gas (ULCVG) not only poses a problem for environmental pollution, but also createsa waste of energy resources if not utilized. A novel reactor, a rotary regenerator-type catalytic combustion reactor (RRCCR), which integrates the functions of a regenerator and combustor into one component, is proposed for the elimination and utilization of ULCVG. Compared to reversal-flow reactor, the operation of the RRCCR is achieved by incremental rotation rather than by valve control, and it has many outstanding characteristics, such as a compact structure, flexible application, and limited energy for circulation. Due to the effects of the variation of the gas flow and concentration on the performance of the reactor, different inlet velocities and concentrations are analyzed by numerical investigations. The results reveal that the two factors have a major impact on the performance of the reactor. The performance of the reactor is more sensitive to the increase of velocity and the decrease of methane concentration. When the inlet concentration (2%vol.) is reduced by 50%, to maintain the methane conversion over 90%, the inlet velocity can be reduced by more than three times. Finally, the highly-efficient and stable operating envelope of the reactor is drawn.
High-Throughput GLP-Capable Target Cell Visualization Assay for Measuring Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
Authors: Welter Anna , Sundararaman Srividya , Li Ruliang , Zhang Ting , Karulin Alexey Y. , Lehmann Alexander , Naeem Villian , Roen Diana R. , Kuerten Stefanie , Lehmann Paul V.
Published: April 2018

One of the primary effector functions of immune cells is the killing of virus-infected or malignant cells in the body. Natural killer (NK) and CD8 effector T cells are specialized for this function. The gold standard for measuring such cell-mediated cytolysis has been the chromium release assay, in which the leakage of the radioactive isotope from damaged target cells is being detected. Flow cytometry-based single cell analysis of target cells has recently been established as a non-radioactive alternative. Here we introduce a target cell visualization assay (TVA) that applies similar target cell staining approaches as used in flow cytometry but based on single cell computer image analysis. Two versions of TVA are described here. In one, the decrease in numbers of calcein-stained, i.e., viable, target cells is assessed. In the other, the CFSE/PI TVA, the increase in numbers of dead target cells is established in addition. TVA assays are shown to operate with the same sensitivity as standard chromium release assays, and, leaving data audit trails in form of scanned (raw), analyzed, and quality-controlled images, thus meeting requirements for measuring cell-mediated cytolysis in a regulated environment.
Dissection of Protein Kinase Pathways in Live Cells Using Photoluminescent Probes: Surveillance or Interrogation?
Authors: Lavogina Darja , Kopanchuk Sergei , Viht Kaido
Published: April 2018

Protein kinases catalyze phosphorylation, a small yet crucial modification that affects participation of the substrate proteins in the intracellular signaling pathways. The activity of 538 protein kinases encoded in human genome relies upon spatiotemporally controlled mechanisms, ensuring correct progression of virtually all physiological processes on the cellular level—from cell division to cell death. The aberrant functioning of protein kinases is linked to a wide spectrum of major health issues including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, etc. Hence, significant effort of scientific community has been dedicated to the dissection of protein kinase pathways in their natural milieu. The combination of recent advances in the field of light microscopy, the wide variety of genetically encoded or synthetic photoluminescent scaffolds, and the techniques for intracellular delivery of cargoes has enabled design of a plethora of probes that can report activation of target protein kinases in human live cells. The question remains: how much do we bias intracellular signaling of protein kinases by monitoring it? This review seeks answers to this question by analyzing different classes of probes according to their general structure, mechanism of recognition of biological target, and optical properties necessary for the reporting of intracellular events.
Membrane-Assisted Condenser
Authors: Drioli Enrico , Macedonio Francesca
Published: April 2018

In industrial processes, recycling and reusing of process streams—and of water, in particular—is necessary for minimizing fresh water requirements. Water supply issues are increasing in importance for new and existing industrial plants because the freshwater supply is limited and the forecast are that by 2025 two-thirds of people will live in regions with water scarcity. In this short note, the potentialities of a membrane-assisted condenser for the recovery of evaporated waste water from industrial gases are presented. The modelling of the process was carried out for predicting the membrane-based process performance. The experimental data were compared with the results achieved through the simulations. The comparison showed good agreement confirming the validity of the realized model and its suitability for a screening of the operative conditions to be utilized.
Fouling Release Coatings Based on Polydimethylsiloxane with the Incorporation of Phenylmethylsilicone Oil
Authors: Ba Miao , Zhang Zhanping , Qi Yuhong
Published: April 2018

In this study, phenylmethylsilicone oil (PSO) with different viscosity was used for research in fouling release coatings based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The surface properties and mechanical properties of the coatings were investigated, while the leaching behavior of PSO from the coatings was studied. Subsequently, the antifouling performance of the coatings was investigated by the benthic diatom adhesion test. The results showed that the coatings with high-viscosity PSO exhibited high levels of hydrophobicity and PSO leaching, while the high PSO content significantly decreased the elastic modulus of the coatings and prolonged the release time of PSO. The antifouling results indicated that the incorporation of PSO into coatings enhanced the antifouling performance of the coating by improving the coating hydrophobicity and decreasing the coating elastic modulus, while the leaching of PSO from the coatings improved the fouling removal rate of the coating. This suggests a double enhancement effect on the antifouling performance of fouling release coatings based on PDMS with PSO incorporated.
Aerodynamic Optimization of Airfoil Profiles for Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
Authors: Benim Ali Cemal , Diederich Michael , Pfeiffelmann Björn
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study is the development of an automated two-dimensional airfoil shape optimization procedure for small horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT), with an emphasis on high thrust and aerodynamically stable performance. The procedure combines the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the Biobjective Mesh Adaptive Direct Search (BiMADS) optimization algorithm and an automatic geometry and mesh generation tool. In CFD analysis, a Reynolds Averaged Numerical Simulation (RANS) is applied in combination with a two-equation turbulence model. For describing the system behaviour under alternating wind conditions, a number of CFD 2D-RANS-Simulations with varying Reynolds numbers and wind angles are performed. The number of cases is reduced by the use of RSM. In the analysis, an emphasis is placed upon the role of the blade-to-blade interaction. The average and the standard deviation of the thrust are optimized by a derivative-free optimization algorithm to define a Pareto optimal set, using the BiMADS algorithm. The results show that improvements in the performance can be achieved by modifications of the blade shape and the present procedure can be used as an effective tool for blade shape optimization.
Spatially Nonuniform Superconductivity in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Organic Charge-Transfer Salts
Authors: Wosnitza Jochen
Published: April 2018

In the following, a brief overview on the recently found robust experimental evidence for the existence of the Fulde–Ferrell–Larkin–Ovchinnikov (FFLO) state in layered organic superconductors is given. These electronically quasi-two-dimensional (2D) clean-limit superconductors are ideally suited for observing FFLO states. Applying a magnetic field parallel to the layers suppresses orbital effects and superconductivity is observed beyond the Pauli paramagnetic limit. Both, thermodynamic as well as microscopic experimental data show the existence of an additional high-field low-temperature superconducting state having a one-dimensionally modulated order parameter.