bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UMA ANÁLISE DA INSTRUÇÃO NORMATIVA Nº 05, DE 25 DE MAIO DE 2017 DO MINISTÉRIO DO PLANEJAMENTO DESENVOLVIMENTO E GESTÃO COM BASE NA PONDERAÇÃO DE ROBERT ALEXY
Authors: Marques Paulo Henrique Resende , Brasil Júnior Samuel Meira
Published: April 2020

Este artigo possui como objetivo realizar uma ponderação entre o princípio satisfeito pela Instrução Normativa nº 05, de 25 de maio de 2017 do Ministério do Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Gestão (princípio da economicidade) e os princípios eventualmente “lesados” por ela (princípio da vantajosidade e isonomia). Será utilizada como base teórica da ponderação a fórmula do peso de Robert Alexy (empregar-se-á a formula mais simples, com 3 graus de valores – leve, moderado e sério). Chegaremos à conclusão de que, no caso concreto, deve preponderar o princípio da economicidade.
PERCEPÇÃO DA ENFERMAGEM SOBRE AVALIAÇÃO DA DOR ONCOLÓGICA
Authors: Nascimento Júlio César Coelho do , Da Silva Campos Jessica , De Paula Vieira Virgínia , Ramos Barbosa Mayro Celso
Published: April 2020

A dor é um fenômeno complexo e de difícil mensuração, principalmente na população com câncer em tratamento paliativo. Portanto, a equipe de enfermagem é extremamente importante nesse processo. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou analisar a percepção da equipe de enfermagem frente à avaliação da dor em pacientes com câncer em cuidados paliativos. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 10 profissionais de enfermagem (três enfermeiros e sete técnicos de enfermagem) de um hospital de grande porte referência em oncologia localizado na cidade de Goiânia-GO. A coleta de dados ocorreu em novembro de 2017 no setor de cuidados paliativos, por meio de um questionário semiestruturado contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas. Dentre os pesquisados, a idade média predominante foi de 44,5 anos. Com predominância o sexo feminino (80%) todos os profissionais com mais de 4 anos de experiências no setor. Os dados foram analisados e os resultados apontaram que a avaliação da dor ainda continua sendo um processo negligenciado, sobretudo no tratamento paliativo. Com base nesses resultados, torna-se necessário uma capacitação dos profissionais de enfermagem no que se refere à importância da avaliação e, sobretudo no manejo da dor.
INSTRUMENTOS INFORMATIVOS DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E SANITÁRIA APLICADOS NA SOCIEDADE
Authors: Magalhães de Araujo Bruna , Pereira dos Santos Ana Silvia , De Souza Frank Pavan , Carvalho de Melo Marília
Published: April 2020

Diante da importância do saneamento e sua universalização, para a promoção do bem estar da população, saúde pública e proteção do meio ambiente, é essencial ações que contribuam para o envolvimento da população com o tema. Neste sentido, é importante avaliar quais são os instrumentos informativos expressivos, que atuam no saneamento e seu alcance na população em geral. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo discutir os instrumentos informativos existentes como SNIS, ATLAS Esgotos e Instituto Trata Brasil, acerca da educação ambiental e sanitária de modo a contribuir para o efetivo cumprimento das metas de saneamento. Para tanto foi desenvolvida uma metodologia na qual foram atribuídos pontos, de forma subjetiva, de acordo com as variáveis definidas:acessibilidade, clareza de linguagem, qualidade dos dados, abrangência, divulgação e qualidade das imagens. Desta forma, para avaliações consideradas ruim, regular, boa e ótima foi admitida pontuação de 1, 2, 3 e 4 respectivamente.  A partir dos resultados encontrados no presente trabalho, foi possível constatar que o SNIS apresentou menor pontuação, com 11 de 24, o Atlas Esgotos atingiu avaliação regular, com 20 de 24 pontos. Já o Instituto Trata Brasil alcançou maior pontuação, com 23 de 24 e demonstrou maior comprometimento e eficácia em promover a informação e conscientização da população, nos assuntos relacionados ao saneamento.
Synthesis of multilamellar walls vesicles (MLWV) polyelectrolyte surfactant complexes (PESCs) from pH-stimulated phase transition using microbial biosurfactants
Authors: Baccile Niki , Seyrig Chloé , Le Griel Patrick , Cowieson Nathan , PErez Javier
Published: April 2020

The Manuscript is composed of 23 Pages, 8 Figures and 73 References.The Supporting Information contains 1 figure (S1)
Protein Denaturation Zero Entropy Temperature, and the Structure of Water Around Hydrophobic and Amphiphilic Solutes
Authors: Tamoliūnas kazimieras , Galamba Nuno
Published: April 2020

The hydrophobic effect plays a key role in many chemical and biological processes, including protein folding. Nonetheless, a comprehensive picture of the effect of temperature on hydrophobic hydration and protein denaturation remains elusive. Here, we study the effect of temperature on the hydration of model hydrophobic and amphiphilic solutes through molecular dynamics aiming at getting in sight on the singular behavior of water concerning the zero entropy temperature TS and entropic convergence also observed upon protein denaturation. We show that, similar to hydrocarbons and proteins, polar amphiphilic solutes exhibit a TS, although strongly dependent upon solute-water interactions, opposite to hydrocarbons. Further, the temperature dependence of the hydration entropy normalized by the solvent accessible surface area is shown to be nearly solute size independent for hydrophobic but not for amphiphilic solutes, for similar reasons. These results are further discussed in the light of information theory (IT) and the structure of water around hydrophobic groups The latter shows that the tetrahedral enhancement of some water molecules around hydrophobic groups, associated with the reduction of water defects, leads to the strengthening of the weakest hydrogen bonds, relative to bulk water. However, a larger tetrahedrality is found in low density water populations, demonstrating that pure water has encoded structural information similar to that associated with hydrophobic hydration, consistent with IT assumptions. The source of the differences between Kauzmann's "hydrocarbon model" on protein denaturation and hydrophobic hydration is also discussed with relatively large amphiphilic hydrocarbons displaying a more similar behavior to globular proteins, than aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Solitary (extramedullary) plasmocytoma. Clinical recommendations
Authors: Falaleeva Natal’ia A. , Terekhova Alena Iu. , Ptushkin Vadim V. , Osmanov Evgenii A. , Poddubnaya Irina V. , Nevol’skikh Aleksei A. , Ivanov Sergei A. , Khailova Zhanna V. , Gevorkian Tigran G.
Published: April 2020

Solitary (extramedullary) plasmocytoma. Clinical recommendations
语文教学板书艺术
Authors: 李 婧瑶
Published: April 2020

板书是教师授课的微型教案，是课堂内容凝练的精华，更是集中学生注意力的有效工具。教学板书可以帮助学生了解课文中心内容及知识的结构层次，同时学生也可以通过板书来掌握教师教学的顺序和思维过程，了解教材的重难点。因此，设计和运用好板书对于课堂教学质量的提高具有非常重要的意义，板书设计的方法与策略应是教师首要进行学习的部分。
小学生心理健康教育的问题与对策研究
Authors: 熊 芬
Published: April 2020

社会发展越来越快，人们也承受了更多的心理负担。这个问题现在已然涉及到教育行业，因为需要拼命提高升学率，所以老师与学生都必须不停加快脚步，拼一切能拼的东西，如时间、成绩、重点学校等。这是目前社会的一个普遍现象，尤其是小学生的心理负担也愈发沉重，面对无形的心理负担和繁重的学习负担，小学生感到了巨大的身心压力，这不利于其健康成长。所以，本文提出了重视小学生心理健康教育的重要性，并指出了问题与对应的解决措施。
基于知识环境下高职院校图书馆移动阅读平台服务策略研究
Authors: 穆 晓珍
Published: April 2020

伴随网络技术的不断涌现，大众阅读方式发生了巨大变化，同时也催生了移动阅读服务，迫使图书馆不得不做出革新。本文结合互联网信息技术以及高职院校图书文献用户群体的阅读行为习惯与移动阅读需求特点，围绕高职院校图书馆怎样才能在知识环境下更好地促进其移动阅读平台服务的发展进行了系统综述，希望能起到借鉴意义。
The Relationship of Male Infertility with Somatosensory Amplification, Health Anxiety and Depression Levels
Authors: Öztekin Ünal , Hacimusalar Yunus , Gürel Abdullah , Karaaslan Ozgul
Published: April 2020

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between infertility and factors such as anxiety, health anxiety, depression, and somatosensory amplification in male patients presenting with infertility.Methods In this study, we evaluated 198 patients (infertile group: 130, control group: 68). Patients that fit the inclusion criteria were informed about the aim and method of the study and filled out sociodemographic data collection form, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), The Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), and Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) questionnaires.Results The mean scores for SSAS, HAI, BAI, and BDI were significantly higher in the infertility group compared to the control group (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Moreover, the mean scores of the patients in the primary infertile group (n=107) were significantly higher than in the secondary infertile group (n=23) (p<0.05 for all comparisons). Logistic regression analysis revealed that infertility had a significant effect on age, HAI and BDI.Conclusion Psychiatric evaluation of infertile patients may contribute to more efficient use of health services, may reduce the negative effects of anxiety and depression on fertility, and in turn, increase the success of infertility treatment. Therefore, we recommend that each patient presenting with infertility undergoes psychiatric evaluation as part of their treatment.
Neurological component in coronaviruses induced disease: Systematic review of SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, AND SARS‐CoV‐ 2
Authors: Zegarra-Valdivia Jonathan , Chino Vilca Brenda Nadia , Tairo Tessy , Munive Victor , Lastarria Carlo
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 was declared like the pandemic of the 21st century and has caused more than 45 thousand deaths worldwide. The abrupt onset of SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated the potential infection, morbidity, and lethality of zoonotic viruses and the human-to-human transmission. The fever, cough, and fatigue are the most common symptoms of the disease and include too, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, acute cardiac injury, and acute renal injury between others signs in severe illness. Considered the previous work with human coronavirus and other zoonotic infections, the neuroinvasive propensity has been demonstrated as a common feature of coronaviruses, especially between SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV.OBJECTIVE: In the current review, we analyzed the possible neurological component in coronaviruses infections and detail neurologic syndrome related to COVID-19 disease. We review too, transmission mechanism and CNS pathology related to another virus with similar structures like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. METHODS: An exhaustive search of different original articles, clinical, experimental, and review studies were performed in MEDLINE / PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We selected 92 articles that have been published in journals or in preprint according to the search words and the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RESULTS: COVID-19 patients may present neurological symptoms such as headache, impair mental state, confusion dizziness, nausea and vomiting, anosmia/hyposmia, dysgeusia/hypogeusia as initial symptoms. To a more severe manifestation such as seizures or coma. The showed neurologic signs are clinical symptoms similar to those reported for SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV. Considering that SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have a similar structure is possible that the virus shares comparable neurological symptoms and that progression would be similar. The coronaviruses are linked to CNS dysfunction and were indicated as Multiple sclerosis, encephalitis or meningitis as the probable cause.
Suggested novel strategies to control novel coronavirus-A tit for tat approach for COVID-19
Authors: Karmakar Mrityunjoy
Published: April 2020

As it is said-The solution lies in the problem itself. The novel coronavirus has been supposed to be originated in horshoe bat & is supposed to have been spilled over to human beings via another zoonotic medium.The novel coronavirus does not harm the horseshoe bat but is causing a pandemic COVID-19 in human species world over to such an extent that it has become almost impossible to control for the nations.This phenomenon may be attributed to difference in genetic makeup, anatomy,physiology or animal behavior of the bat and human species.This paper is an attempt to correlate the two to draw some conclusions which may sound atypical but which may be helpful in coronavirus control & mitigation.
Programmieren kinderleicht: Schnelle Erfolgserlebnisse mit Scratch
Authors: Karossa Nadja , Ferdinand Joseph , Fischer Christian
Published: April 2020

Mit der Lernumgebung Scratch können Kinder und Jugendliche erste Einblicke in das Programmierens erhalten. In dieser Programmiersprache werden farbige Bausteine verwendet, mit denen eigene Spiele, Videos oder Multimediaanwendungen erstellt werden können, auch ohne oder mit geringen Computerkenntnissen. Sie eignet sich deshalb bereits in der Grundschule gut für den Einsatz im Unterricht.
Short-term and working memory capacity and the language device: Chunking and parsing complexity
Authors: Lu Bingfu , Wen Zhisheng (Edward)
Published: April 2020

Many general linguistic theories and language processing frameworks have assumed that language processing is largely a chunking procedure and that it is underpinned and constrained by our memory limitations. Despite this general consensus, the distinction between short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM) limitations as they relate to language processing has remained elusive. To resolve this issue, we propose an integrated memory- and chunking-based metric of parsing complexity, in which STM limitations of 7±2 (Miller, 1956a) are relevant to the Momentary Chunk Number (MCN), while WM limitations of 4±1 (Cowan, 2001) are relevant to the Mean Momentary Chunk Number (MMCN). Examples of concrete calculations of our new metric are presented vis-à-vis Liu’s MDD metric and Hawkins’ IC-to-word Ratio metric. Related methodology issues are also discussed. We conclude the paper by echoing some recently repeated calls (O'Grady, 2012 & 2017; Gómez-Rodríguez et al., 2019; Wen, 2019) to include STM and WM limitations as part and parcel of the language device (LD; cf. Chomsky, 1957) in that their impacts are ubiquitous and permeating in all essential linguistic domains ranging from phonology to grammar, discourse comprehension and production. (PDF) Short-term and working memory capacity and the language device: Chunking and parsing complexity. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340490956_Short-term_and_working_memory_capacity_and_the_language_device_Chunking_and_parsing_complexity [accessed May 31 2021].
The pattern of educational inequality - The contribution of family background on levels of education over time and across four countries
Authors: Sirniö Outi , Lehti Hannu , Grätz Michael , Barclay Kieron , Erola Jani
Published: April 2020

This article analyses the pattern of inequality across levels of education and its evolution over time from a cross-national comparative perspective. We employ a previously disregarded approach of sibling correlations to measure how the contribution of the total family background differs across achieved levels of education. We compare successive birth cohorts in Finland, Sweden, Germany, and the U.S. between 1990 and 2015. We further analyze the extent to which the total contribution of parental background is accounted for by observed parental education. Our results indicate a pattern in which sibling similarity is strongest in the lowest and the highest levels of education in all studied countries. Changes over time were more pronounced in the Nordics and in educational levels other than the lowest. Observed parental education played a less notable role than expected, indicating that using only parental education ignores a substantial portion of the total influence of family background.
Der Digitale Steuerungs-Zwilling
Authors: Herlyn Wilmjakob Johannes , Zadek Hartmut
Published: April 2020

Kurzfassung

Internationale Technologiekonzerne entwickeln seit einger Zeit ihre Produkte und technischen Anlagen auf Basis des Digitalen Zwillings (DZ) entlang des Produktlebenszyklus. Die virtuelle Betrachtung des Materialflusses und der Auftragsabwicklung als Vernetzung der Anlagen im durchgängigen Kundenauftragsprozess erfolgt hingegen bislang nicht. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept für einen digitalen Steuerungs-Zwilling (DSZ) entworfen, der die Auftragsabwicklung mit dem dazugehörigen Produktions- und Materialfluss aller Objekte eines Unternehmens nach Art, Menge, Ort und Zeit dynamisch steuert, harmonisiert und optimiert.
Zarząd aktami: problem centralny archiwistyki współczesnej
Authors: Grygier Tadeusz
Published: April 2020

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Ankieta strat wojennych (1939-1945) Diecezji Włocławskiej
Authors: Librowski Stanisław
Published: April 2020

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PELATIHAN PIDATO UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI JAKARTA
Authors: Kartikawati Dwi
Published: April 2020

Abstract

 

The problem faced by the partners is the low confidence of elementary school students in public speaking through speech techniques. Whereas these speech skills become a mandatory stage that must be passed in the school exam for graduation. Referring to these problems, charitable activities are carried out by giving speech skills to increase students' confidence level in public speaking. The methods of implementation will be covered in these activity are: (1) providing training to overcome nervousness, (2) training and mentoring in speech practice. The result of the activity is an improvement in the partner's knowledge and skills, so students become more confident and be able to perform in public.

 

 

Keywords— Speech, Confidence, Training

 

Abstrak

 

 Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra yaitu masih rendahnya kepercayaan diri siswa SD (Sekolah Dasar) dalam berbicara di depan umum melalui teknik berpidato. Padahal ketrampilan berpidato ini menjadi satu tahapan wajib yang harus di lalui dalam ujian sekolah untuk kelulusan.  Berangkat dari permasalahan tersebut maka kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan memberikan ketrampilan berpidato untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan diri siswa untuk berbicara di depan umum. Metode pelaksanaan yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan ini adalah : (1) memberikan pelatihan mengatasi rasa gugup, (2) pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam praktek pidato. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan dan ketrampilan mitra, sehingga siswa menjadi semakin percaya diri untuk dapat tampil di depan umum

 

 

Kata kunci— Pidato, Kepercayaan Diri, Pelatihan
Blended learning in the epoch of digital transformation
Authors: Krasnov Sergey V. , Kalmykova Svetlana V. , Krasnova Svetlana A.
Published: April 2020

Basic tendency of today – digital transformation – renders substantial influence on education. Introduction of mass open online courses (MOOCs) in an educational process became the natural response of institutions of higher education to modern trends. The article suggests a short analysis of introduction of MOOCs driven in Russia and in the world. In Saint Petersburg polytechnic university active development of mass open on-line of courses is conducted that can be used in the educational process of any institution of higher education, and is actively used in the university itself. In Institute of industrial management, economy and trade of Saint Petersburg polytechnic university online-courses have been introduced into the educational process while realizing the disciplines from 2017. Today the experience achieved allowed to inculcate online-courses in all curricula of POLYTECH. The article also provides the results of change of progress, forms of communications and problems aroused due to MOOCs introduction. The ways to solve the given problems are suggested. The next step in development of education is passing to the construction of adaptive educational trajectories allowing not only operatively to react to the calls of labor-market, but also to prepare the “specialists of the future”.
Sistem Pemeliharaan dan Kontribusi Usaha Ternak Ayam Lokal (Gallus Domesticus) Terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Peternak Di Kelurahan Sinar Jaya Jelutung Kecamatan Sungailliat
Authors: Ozian Noval , Agustina Fournita , Moelyo Haryono
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mendeskripsikan sistem pemeliharaan ternak ayam lokal di Kelurahan Sinar Jaya Jelutung Kecamatan Sungailiat. (2) Menghitung besar kontribusi usaha ternak ayam lokal terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga peternak ayam lokal di Kelurahan Sinar Jaya Jelutung Kecamatan Sungailiat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Sinar Jaya Jelutung Kecamatan Sungailiat Kabupaten Bangka dan pada Bulan Februari sampai bulan Oktober 2018. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei, sedangkan metode penarikan contoh menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Metode Pengolahan dan analisis data menjelaskan secara deskriptif kualitatif dan deskripsi kuantitatif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1)Dalam penelitian ini sistem pemeliharaan semi intensif lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan sistem pemeliharaan intensif. Dengan perbandingan 34 orang atau 94.44 persen pada pemeliharaan semi intensif sedangkan pada pemeliharaan intensif sebanyak 2 orang atau 5,56 persen. (2) Kontribusi pendapatan ayam kampung di Kelurahan Sinar Jaya Jelutung, pada sistem pemeliharaan semi intensif sebesar (8,24%/tahun) sedangkan pada sistem pemeliharaan inensif yaitu sebesar (7,16%/tahun). Kontribusi pendapatan dari usaha ayam kampung di Kelurahan Sinar Jaya Jelutug ini belum memenuhi kesejahteraan peternak, hal ini disebabkan para peternak di Kelurahan Sinar Jaya Jelutung masih relatif kecil dalam memelihara ayam kampung yaitu berkisar 15 ekor/peternak sehingga kontribusi dan pendapatan ternak tidak tinggi.
Mengembangkan Budidaya Ternak Kelinci Guna Mewujudkan Desa Sejahtera Mandiri
Authors: Dinasari Retnaningtyas Irawati
Published: April 2020

Angka kemiskinan di Desa Codo terggolong cukup tinggi. Menuru data yang diberikan, pada Desa Codo terdapat 3.267 KK dengan 50% KK dari Desa Codo adalah masyarakat miskin. Hal tersebut pastinya akan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat atau kualitas pendidikan pada masyarakat. Pengumpulan data adalah teknik atau cara yang dilakukan oleh penulis untuk tujuan memperoleh informasi yang dibutuhkan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini. Dengan potensi pertanian dan peternakan yang besar dan terus dimanfaatkan untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat. Desa Codo masih terus berkembang untuk mengembangkan potensinya guna mengejar ketertinggalan. Dengan terus mengembangkan peternakan, merupakan salah satu upaya desa Codo. Salah satunya adalah dengan terus meningkatkan bidang ternak khususnya adalah ternak kelinci. Upaya membeperbaiki taraf hidup masyarakat Desa Codo melalui pemberdayaan pupuk kompos oleh petani kelinci Maju Mapan perlu dikembangkan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan semakin pesatnya pemberdayaan pupuk kompos maka tidak menutup kemungkinan hal tersebut membuka peluang bisnis baru bagi para peternak di desa Codo.
Bentuk Pemertahanan Bahasa Oleh Mahasiswa Penutur Bahasa Jawa Dialek Mataraman di Malang: Kajian Pemertahanan Bahasa
Authors: Wicaksana Prisma Satya , Pratama Pandu Meidian
Published: April 2020

Javanesse language is one most the largest speakers in Indonesia, this language must survive in all times and from many foreign languages. This research is focus on maintaining the language used by the students who speaks mataraman dialect in Malang. In this study use the sociolinguistic theory. The purpose of this research is describing the maintaining language, especially on mataraman dialects, describing a word category in linguistic pattern use by students with the mataraman dialects in Malang. This research use descriptive qualitative approach. Technique in this research used in data retrieval in this study was carried out by searching for the student community from same areas, especially from mataraman area; using a recording technic while collected the data; transcription data; translate data into Indonesian language using a Javanesse-Indonesia dictionary. While the data is already collected, the next step is analyze the data and groupped the data into classes of word from Javanesse language. Results from this research is students with mataraman dialects in Malang is able to using a language patterns in Javanesse language, and able to maintaining the languages in arek dialects community with good criteria.
Evaluation of net shortwave radiation over China with a regional climate model
Authors: Liu X , Kang Y , Liu Q , Guo Z , Chen Y , Huang D , Chen C , Zhang H
Published: April 2020

The regional climate model RegCM version 4.6, developed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis, was used to simulate the radiation budget over China. Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) satellite data were utilized to evaluate the simulation results based on 4 radiative components: net shortwave (NSW) radiation at the surface of the earth and top of the atmosphere (TOA) under all-sky and clear-sky conditions. The performance of the model for low-value areas of NSW was superior to that for high-value areas. NSW at the surface and TOA under all-sky conditions was significantly underestimated; the spatial distribution of the bias was negative in the north and positive in the south, bounded by 25°N for the annual and seasonal averaged difference maps. Compared with the all-sky condition, the simulation effect under clear-sky conditions was significantly better, which indicates that the cloud fraction is the key factor affecting the accuracy of the simulation. In particular, the bias of the TOA NSW under the clear-sky condition was <±10 W m-2 in the eastern areas. The performance of the model was better over the eastern monsoon region in winter and autumn for surface NSW under clear-sky conditions, which may be related to different levels of air pollution during each season. Among the 3 areas, the regional average biases overall were largest (negative) over the Qinghai-Tibet alpine region and smallest over the eastern monsoon region.
Alterations in the Baroreceptor-Heart Rate Reflex in Conscious Inbred Polydipsic (STR/N) Mice
Authors: CHU C. P. , CUI B. R. , KANNAN H. , QIU D. L.
Published: April 2020

STR/N is an inbred strain of mice which is known to exhibit extreme polydipsia and polyuria. We previously found central administration of angiotensin II enhanced cardiovascular responses in STR/N mice than normal mice, suggesting that STR/N mice might exhibit different cardiovascular responses. Therefore, in this study, we investigated daily mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate, and changes in the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex in conscious STR/N mice and control (ICR) mice. We found that variability in daily mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate was significantly larger in STR/N mice than in ICR mice (p<0.05). There was a stronger response to phenylephrine (PE) in STR/N mice than in ICR mice. For baroreceptor reflex sensitivity, in the rapid response period, the slopes of PE and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were more negative in STR/N mice than in ICR mice. In the later period, the slopes of PE and SNP were negatively correlated between heart rate and blood pressure in ICR mice, but their slopes were positively correlated in STR/N mice. These results indicated that STR/N mice exhibited the different cardiovascular responses than ICR mice, suggesting that the dysfunction of baroreceptor reflex happened in conscious STR/N mice.
Social revolutions in pre-industrial and industrial societies.
Authors: Alexakha Andrey
Published: April 2020

In this paper a new theory of revolution is proposed. The theory distinguishes two types of revolutions: the peasant revolution, which can occur only in pre-industrial society and the colour revolution, which can occur only in industrial society. The theory explains the causes and consequences of these two types of revolutions.
Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Turfgrass
Authors: Fan Jibiao , Zhang Weihong , Amombo Erick , Hu Longxing , Kjorven Johan Olav , Chen Liang
Published: April 2020

Turfgrasses constitute a vital part of the landscape ecological systems for sports fields, golf courses, home lawns and parks. However, turfgrass species are affected by numerous abiotic stresses include salinity, heat, cold, drought, waterlogging and heavy metals and biotic stresses such as diseases and pests. Harsh environmental conditions may result in growth inhibition, damage in cell structure and metabolic dysfunction. Hence, to survive the capricious environment, turfgrass species have evolved various adaptive strategies. For example, they can expel phytotoxic matters; increase activities of stress response related enzymes and regulate expression of the genes. Simultaneously, some phytohormones and signal molecules can be exploited to improve the stress tolerance in turfgrass. Generally, the mechanisms of the adaptive strategies are integrated but not necessarily the same. Recently, metabolomic, proteomic and transcriptomic analyses have revealed plenty of stress response related metabolites, proteins and genes in turfgrass. Therefore, the regulation mechanism of turfgrass’s response to abiotic and biotic stresses was further understood. However, the specific or broad-spectrum related genes that may improve stress tolerance remain to be further identified. Understanding stress response in turfgrass species will contribute to improve stress tolerance of turfgrass.
Exploring the Impact of Multitemporal DEM Data on the Susceptibility Mapping of Landslides
Authors: Li Jiaying , Wang Weidong , Han Zheng , Li Yange , Chen Guangqi
Published: April 2020

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are fundamental data models used for susceptibility assessment of landslides. Due to landscape change and reshaping processes, a DEM can show obvious temporal variation and has a significant influence on assessment results. To explore the impact of DEM temporal variation on hazard susceptibility, the southern area of Sichuan province in China is selected as a study area. Multitemporal DEM data spanning over 17 years are collected and the topographic variation of the landscape in this area is investigated. Multitemporal susceptibility maps of landslides are subsequently generated using the widely accepted logistic regression model (LRM). A positive correlation between the topographic variation and landslide susceptibility that was supported by previous studies is quantitatively verified. The ratio of the number of landslides to the susceptibility level areas (RNA) in which the hazards occur is introduced. The RNA demonstrates a general decrease in the susceptibility level from 2000 to 2009, while the ratio of the decreased level is more than fifteen times greater than that of the ratio of the increased level. The impact of the multitemporal DEM on susceptibility mapping is demonstrated to be significant. As such, susceptibility assessments should use DEM data at the time of study.
Green Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Extract Suppresses Oxidative Stress and LPS-Induced Inflammation via Regulation of JNK Signaling Pathways
Authors: Kim Dae Won , Kim Min Jeong , Shin Youngjae , Jung Sung Keun , Kim Young-Jun
Published: April 2020

In this study, we compared the physicochemical properties and the antioxidant capacities of black and green pepper. Green pepper from India (GPI) and Sri Lanka (GPS) had higher Hunter L* and b* values and lower a* values than black pepper from India (BPI) and Sri Lanka (BPS). The contents of chlorophyll a and b, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds in GPI and GPS were higher than those in BPI and BPS. The peppercorns showed the following decreasing order of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging capacities: GPI > GPS > BPI > BPS. High-performance liquid chromatography showed that the highest piperine content was present in GPI (8613.27 ± 45.86 mg/100 g). We further investigated the anti-inflammatory capacity of the green pepper. GPS and GPI significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression without being cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 cells. GPS and GPI also suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, but not p65. GPS had a higher inhibitory effect on LPS-induced c-Jun phosphorylation and translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus than GPI. Thus, the findings of our study suggest that green pepper has the potential to be an effective nutraceutical against oxidative and inflammatory stress.
Characterization of the Antinociceptive Activity from Stevia serrata Cav
Authors: Cordeiro Millena S. , Simas Daniel L. R. , Pérez-Sabino Juan F. , Mérida-Reyes Max S. , Muñoz-Wug Manuel A. , Oliva-Hernández Bessie E. , da Silva Antônio J. R. , Fernandes Patricia D. , Giorno Thais B. S.
Published: April 2020

Background: Stevia serrata Cav. (Asteraceae), widely found in Guatemala, is used to treat gastrointestinal problems. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the essential oil (EO) and the mechanism of action. Methods: EO was tested in chemical (capsaicin- and glutamate-induced licking response) or thermal (hot plate) models of nociception at 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg doses. The mechanism of action was evaluated using two receptor antagonists (naloxone, atropine) and an enzyme inhibitor (L-NAME). The anti-hyperalgesic effect was evaluated using carrageenan-induced nociception and evaluated in the hot plate. Results: All three doses of EO reduced licking response induced by glutamate, and higher doses reduced capsaicin-induced licking. EO also increased area under the curve, similar to the morphine-treated group. The antinociceptive effect induced by EO was reversed by pretreatment of mice with naloxone (1 mg/kg, ip), atropine (1 mg/kg, ip) or L-NAME (3 mg/kg, ip). EO also demonstrated an anti-hyperalgesic effect. The 100 mg/kg dose increased the latency time, even at 1 h after oral administration and this effect has been maintained until the 96th hour, post-administration. Conclusions: Our data suggest that essential oil of S. serrata presents an antinociceptive effect mediated, at least in part, through activation of opioid, cholinergic and nitrergic pathways.
Overexpression of GRP78/BiP in P-Glycoprotein-Positive L1210 Cells is Responsible for Altered Response of Cells to Tunicamycin as a Stressor of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Authors: Šereš Mário , Pavlíková Lucia , Boháčová Viera , Kyca Tomáš , Borovská Ivana , Lakatoš Boris , Breier Albert , Sulová Zdena
Published: April 2020

P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1 member of the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter family) localized in leukemia cell plasma membranes is known to reduce cell sensitivity to a large but well-defined group of chemicals known as P-gp substrates. However, we found previously that P-gp-positive sublines of L1210 murine leukemia cells (R and T) but not parental P-gp-negative parental cells (S) are resistant to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressor tunicamycin (an N-glycosylation inhibitor). Here, we elucidated the mechanism of tunicamycin resistance in P-gp-positive cells. We found that tunicamycin at a sublethal concentration of 0.1 µM induced retention of the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle only in the P-gp negative variant of L1210 cells. P-gp-positive L1210 cell variants had higher expression of the ER stress chaperone GRP78/BiP compared to that of P-gp-negative cells, in which tunicamycin induced larger upregulation of CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein). Transfection of the sensitive P-gp-negative cells with plasmids containing GRP78/BiP antagonized tunicamycin-induced CHOP expression and reduced tunicamycin-induced arrest of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Taken together, these data suggest that the resistance of P-gp-positive cells to tunicamycin is due to increased levels of GRP78/BiP, which is overexpressed in both resistant variants of L1210 cells.
Effects of Chewing Training on Orofacial and Cognitive Function in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Viana Ricardo B. , da Silva Wellington F. , de Lira Claudio A.B.
Published: April 2020

Background: There is some evidence showing significant correlations between acute chewing gum and orofacial function, and between acute chewing gum and cognitive function; however, as far as we are aware, little is known about the chronic effects of chewing gum training on cognitive and orofacial functions in healthy adults. Objectives: To evaluate the chronic effects of chewing gum training on orofacial and cognitive functions in healthy adults. Method: Searches of the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, BVS, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Google Scholar were conducted from inception to 14 January 2020. The inclusion criteria used were: clinical trial or randomized controlled trial lasting a minimum of four weeks, chewing gum intervention in at least one arm of the study, presence of a non-exercise control group, study population consisting of healthy adults, study outcomes consisting of orofacial function and/or cognitive function. Results: Starting from 5973 sources, a total of six articles met the inclusion criteria, and they were subjected to a systematic review. The main findings were that chewing gum training improved some variables related to orofacial function. No clear effect of chewing gum training on cognitive function was found. Conclusions: Chronic chewing gum training has an unclear positive effect on specific variables related to orofacial and cognitive function in healthy adults.
Performance Evaluation of Flat Plate and Vacuum Tube Solar Collectors by Applying a MWCNT/Fe3O4 Binary Nanofluid
Authors: Lee Minjung , Shin Yunchan , Cho Honghyun
Published: April 2020

This study experimentally investigated the performance characteristics of water and MWCNT/Fe3O4 binary nanofluid as a working fluid in a flat plate and vacuum tube solar collectors. As a result, the highest efficiency was 80.3% when 0.005 vol.% MWCNT/0.01 vol.% Fe3O4 binary nanofluid was applied to the flat plate solar collector, which was a 17.6% increase in efficiency, compared to that when water was used. In the case of the vacuum tube solar collector, the highest efficiency was 79.8%, which was 24.9% higher than when water was applied. Besides, when the mass flux of MWCNT/Fe3O4 binary nanofluid was changed from 420 to 598 kg/s·m2, the maximum efficiencies of the flat plate and vacuum tube solar collectors were increased by 7.8% and 8.3%, respectively. When the MWCNT/Fe3O4 binary nanofluid was applied to the vacuum tube solar collector, the efficiency improvement was much more significant, and the high performance could be maintained for wide operating conditions, compared with the flat plate solar collector.
Use of Sensory Analysis to Investigate the Influence of Climate Chambers and Other Process Variables in the Production of Sweet Wines
Authors: Ruiz-Bejarano M. Jesús , Durán-Guerrero Enrique , Castro Remedios , Barroso Carmelo G. , Rodríguez-Dodero M. Carmen
Published: April 2020

In this study, a climate chamber, as an alternative method, has been used to dry raisins and the sensory profiles of the sweet sherry wines obtained have been evaluated. Other important factors, namely grape variety, vintage, vinification conditions, as well as the ageing method and its length of time, have also been considered. When heavy rainfall had been registered, the musts extracted from grapes dried under controlled conditions in a climate chamber showed a lower intensity of the musty off-odor compared to those elaborated with sun-dried grapes. The wine fermented at low temperature with Saccharomyces bayanus scored the highest in citric and floral notes, and this was preferred over all the other wines that were evaluated. The wines aged in oak barrels were preferred to both, wines aged in the presence of oak chips as well as those aged without any wood contact. The use of climate chambers to dry the grapes that are going to be used for the elaboration of sweet wines appears to be an advantageous alternative to the traditional method, since it allows a more precise control of the process and highly valued sweet wines from a sensory point of view are obtained thereby.
Consumer Acceptance and Quality Parameters of the Commercial Olive Oils Manufactured with Cultivars Grown in Galicia (NW Spain)
Authors: Zamuz Sol , Purriños Laura , Tomasevic Igor , Domínguez Rubén , Brnčić Mladen , J. Barba Francisco , Lorenzo José M.
Published: April 2020

Mansa and Brava are olive autochthonous cultivars from Galicia, a new olive-growing zone from NW Spanish, from which high-quality extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) are obtained. The oils obtained as by co-crushing Mansa and Brava olives in different proportions as by blending with others olives cultivars have different composition that influence in their sensory quality. The consumer acceptance of commercial oils elaborated with Local Galician cultivars was evaluated and a quality-mapping of olive oils was created. It was found that the both Local oils had good physical-chemical quality parameters. From sensory analysis viewpoint, Local-MB oils presented the highest intensity values for color, odor, taste, and flavor, and the consumers had a higher acceptance and preference by Picual, Local-MBPA (60% Mansa and Brava, 25% Picual, and 15% Arbequina and Local-MB (60% Mansa and 40% Brava) oils. A quality-mapping of olive oils indicate that attributes better scored from the consumer are high intensity for color, odor, taste and flavor, and pungent and floral series, and bitter is rejected by them.
Chemical Composition, Total Phenols and Flavonoids Contents and Antioxidant Activity as Nutritive Potential of Roasted Hazelnut Skins (Corylus avellana L.)
Authors: Ivanović Stefan , Avramović Nataša , Dojčinović Biljana , Trifunović Snežana , Novaković Miroslav , Tešević Vele , Mandić Boris
Published: April 2020

The present study evaluates natural composition of Serbian roasted hazelnut skins (HS) with potential role in application as functional nutrient of various food products. Total phenols (TPC) and flavonoids contents (TFC) in HS extracts obtained with different ethanol concentrations (10%—I, 50%—II and 96%—III) and their antioxidant activities were investigated. The highest total phenols content (706.0 ± 9.7 mgGAE/gextract) was observed in 96% ethanol HS extract. Ethanol HS extracts showed very high antioxidant activity with effective concentrations (EC50) ranged between 0.052 and 0.066 mg/mL. The phenol and flavonoid content of roasted HS extracts I–III was determined by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses. Contents of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, metals, and C, H, N, S elements in roasted HS were also determined. Relatively high C/N, C/P and C/N/P ratios, rich metal contents and fatty acids composition indicated that hazelnut skin might be a good candidate for use as either human or fungal functional nutrient. In addition, possible application of phenolic HS extracts as UV booster was studied by recording UV spectra (220–440 nm) of 10 mg/L of HS extracts I–III combined with 10 mg/L of chemical sunscreen agent benzophenone-3 and in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) was calculated.
Plants and Lactic Acid Bacteria Combination for New Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties Product Development in a Sustainable Manner
Authors: Bartkiene Elena , Lele Vita , Starkute Vytaute , Zavistanaviciute Paulina , Zokaityte Egle , Varinauskaite Ieva , Pileckaite Greta , Paskeviciute Laura , Rutkauskaite Gintare , Kanaporis Tomas , Dmitrijeva Laura , Viskelis Pranas , Santini Antonello , Ruzauskas Modestas
Published: April 2020

In this study, nutraceuticals based on antimicrobial ingredients (Artemisia absinthium water extract and essential oil (EO), Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245 strain cultivated in a whey media, and blackcurrants juice (BCJ) preparation by-products were developed. In addition, two texture forming agents for nutraceutical preparations were tested (gelatin and agar). The developed nutraceutical ingredients showed antimicrobial properties: Artemisia absinthium EO (concentration 0.1%) inhibited methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pasteurella multocida; LUHS245 strain inhibited 14 from the 15 tested pathogenic strains; and BCP inhibited 13 from the 15 tested pathogenic strains. The best formulation consisted of the Artemisia absinthium EO, LUHS245, and BCP immobilised in agar and this formulation showed higher TPC content (by 2.1% higher), as well as higher overall acceptability (by 17.7% higher), compared with the formulation prepared using gelatin.
Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Purulent Subcutaneous Lesions of Farm Rabbits
Authors: Silva Vanessa , de Sousa Telma , Gómez Paula , Sabença Carolina , Vieira-Pinto Madalena , Capita Rosa , Alonso-Calleja Carlos , Torres Carmen , Capelo José L. , Igrejas Gilberto , Poeta Patrícia
Published: April 2020

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are one of the main pathogens associated with purulent infections. MRSA clonal complex 97 (CC97) has been identified in a wide diversity of livestock animals. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance profiles of MRSA strains isolated from purulent lesions of food-producing rabbits. Samples from purulent lesions of 66 rabbits were collected in a slaughterhouse in Portugal. Samples were seeded onto ORSAB plates with 2 mg/L of oxacillin for MRSA isolation. Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested by the disk diffusion method against 14 antimicrobial agents. The presence of resistance genes, virulence factors and the immune evasion cluster (IEC) system was studied by polymerase chain reaction. All isolates were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), agr and spa typing. From the 66 samples analyzed, 16 (24.2%) MRSA were detected. All strains were classified as multidrug-resistant as they were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics. All isolates showed resistance to penicillin, erythromycin and clindamycin. Seven isolates were resistant to gentamicin and harbored the aac(6′)-Ie-aph (2″)-Ia gene. Resistance to tetracycline was detected in 10 isolates harboring the tet(K) gene. The IEC genes were detected in three isolates. MRSA strains belonged to CC97, CC1, CC5, CC15 or CC22. The isolates were assigned to six different spa types. In this study we found a moderate prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains in food-producing rabbits. This may represent concern for food safety and public health, since cross-contamination may occur, leading to the spread of MRSA and, eventually, the possibility of ingestion of contaminated meat.
Application of the Non-Destructive NIR Technique for the Evaluation of Strawberry Fruits Quality Parameters
Authors: Mancini Manuela , Mazzoni Luca , Gagliardi Francesco , Balducci Francesca , Duca Daniele , Toscano Giuseppe , Mezzetti Bruno , Capocasa Franco
Published: April 2020

The determination of strawberry fruit quality through the traditional destructive lab techniques has some limitations related to the amplitude of the samples, the timing and the applicability along all phases of the supply chain. The aim of this study was to determine the main qualitative characteristics through traditional lab destructive techniques and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) in fruits of five strawberry genotypes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to search for spectral differences among all the collected samples. A Partial Least Squares regression (PLS) technique was computed in order to predict the quality parameters of interest. The PLS model for the soluble solids content prediction was the best performing—in fact, it is a robust and reliable model and the validation values suggested possibilities for its use in quality applications. A suitable PLS model is also obtained for the firmness prediction—the validation values tend to worsen slightly but can still be accepted in screening applications. NIR spectroscopy represents an important alternative to destructive techniques, using the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum to investigate in a non-destructive way the chemical–physical properties of the samples, finding remarkable applications in the agro-food market.