bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El ganado criollo colombiano Sanmartinero, su conservación y aporte sostenible ala producción bovina en la Orinoquia colombiana
Authors: Martinez Correal German , Florez Diaz Hernando , Martinez Villarte G. C.
Published: October 2021

Este artículo resalta aspectos históricos del origen de los ganados criollos colombianos, con énfasis en elbovino de raza Sanmartinero (SM), el cual se desarrolló en el piedemonte y altillanura de la región de la Orinoquiacolombiana, gracias al trabajo de la selección natural y al esfuerzo zootécnico de los jesuitas, en el siglo XVII, con losbovinos introducidos por los españoles en el siglo XV. Se presentan aspectos relacionados con su historia reciente apartir del inicio de su conservación en la Granja Iracá (San Martín, Meta) y su posterior traslado a los Centros deInvestigación (CI) del Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario ICA, La Libertad, piedemonte llanero en Villavicencio(Meta) y Carimagua en la altillanura colombiana (Puerto Gaitán, Meta), centros que desde el año 1994 han estadoen poder de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria, AGROSAVIA. Se resumen los principalesresultados de investigación, llevados a cabo enel CI La Libertad referentes a todos los aspectos biológicos yeconómicos de la conservación, caracterización y utilización de la raza. Igualmente, se presentan resultados de lautilización de la raza en sistemas de cría (carne) y leche (doble propósito) en fincas de criadores puros y comerciales.Se describen sus cualidades y aptitudes productivas, como raza pura y en cruces – heterosis ­ con otras razas,especialmente conCebúcomercial (C) tipo Brahman. De todas las experiencias de investigacióny resultadospositivos, especialmente de los caracteres adaptativos –fertilidad, longevidad, resistencia al clima, parásitos yenfermedades endémicas ­ y a su gran habilidad combinatoria y para producir heterosis se puede concluir que el SMes una de las mejores alternativas competitivas y sustentables para mejorar la producción, rentabilidad y calidad delproducto final, principalmente carne, de los sistemas de cría y leche de la Orinoquia Colombiana.
A phenotypic characterization of Rarámuri Criollo cattle introduced into the Southwestern United States
Authors: McIntosh Matthew , Gonzalez Alfredo , Cibils Andres , Estell Rick , Nyamuryekunge Shelemia , Rodriguez Almeida Felipe , Spiegal Sheri
Published: October 2021

Our objective was to describe key phenotypic characteristics of a population of Rarámuri Criollo (RC) cattle introduced from the Copper Canyon of Chihuahua, México into the Southwestern United States almost two decades ago. We recorded 26 phenotypic traits of 37 RC individuals including mature cows, first-calf heifers, and mature bulls raised at the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico. This herd of RC cattle exhibited intermediate body sizes compared to the smaller Corriente and larger Texas Longhorn and Florida Cracker cattle. Coat colors were similar to those described for other Criollo biotypes but horn shape and size of RC appear to be different than that of other US-based Criollo breeds. Though smaller than commercial beef breeds, RC cattle appear to be well-matched to the Southwestern US environments as evidenced by previous studies that evaluated their grazing behavior, weight gains, and carcass quality. Rarámuri Criollo cattle are a genetic resource whose conservation could be critically important for climate change adaptation of ranches in the desert Southwest.
Calidad y capacidad fertilizante in vitro de semen de toros Criollo Uruguayo criopreservado en dos diluyentes comerciales
Authors: Filipiak Yael , Armstrong Eileen , Aragunde Rafael , Fila Danilo , Gil Laureiro Jorge Alvaro , Alvarez Valentina , Pereira Marcos , Boggio Juan C. , Larocca Clara , Vila Fernando , Llambi Dellacasa María Silvia
Published: October 2021

Se evaluó la calidad y capacidad fecundante in vitro(FIV) de semen de un banco de bovinos Criollo Uruguayo. Semen de 8 toros, diluido en Triladyl® (T) y Andromed® (A) (con/sin yema de huevo), se evaluó por CASA: concentración, motilidad, cinética, morfología y test hiposmótico. Alas 2 horas se repitió motilidad ycinética. Se aplicó el test­ T para tiempo y diluyentes y percentiles para categorizar los 16 grupos. Cuatrocientos cuatro complejos ovocito ­células del cúmulo (COC) de calidad A, obtenidos de un frigorífico, fueron madurados en TCMcon 5 % de suero fetal bovino (SFB) y hormonas, en gotas, cubiertas con aceite mineral a 38.5 ºC, 5 %CO2 y humedad saturada; tras 22h se inseminaron con semen de 4 toros diluidos en A y T, seleccionado por centrifugación en gradientes de Percoll® (90/45 %), en Talp ­Sperm. Se formaron gotas con Talp­ Fert con 2x106spz/ml y se coincubaron con los COC por 18h. Los presuntos cigotos se denudaron y cultivaron en CR1aa con SFB (5 %). Se evaluó clivaje (48h) y desarrollo embrionario (DE) al día 7. Los resultados de la FIV se analizaron mediante Chi­ cuadrado. No hubo diferencias significativas en el clivaje (A:143/207; T:128/197) ni en el DE (33.33 y 34.52 % respectivamente) entre diluyentes. No hubo diferencias significativas enclivaje entre el semen del toro 1026 (73/109) y 9701 (68/101), ni entre ellos respecto a los toros 5834 (77/102) y 3733 (53/92), el 5834 tuvo mayor clivaje respecto al 3733 (p=0.008). No hubo diferencias significativas en DE entre toros. Salvo el toro 0850 (A y T), los demás resultaron aceptables y fueron fértiles en la prueba in vitro. Este trabajo estudió la calidad del semen del banco y su capacidad fertilizantein vitro, resultando adecuados ambos diluyentes. Salvo las muestras de semen deun toro, el resto podrían ser usadas para inseminación artificial u otras biotecnologías.
EFEKTIVITAS VARIASI KONSENTRASI TEPUNG TALAS SEBAGAI MEDIA ALTERNATIF PERTUMBUHAN JAMUR Candida albicans
Authors: Marchamtia Sarah Nur Awalia Fajari  , Qurrohman Muhammad Taufiq
Published: October 2021

Tepung talas memiliki nilai karbohidrat 70-80%. Sumber karbohidrat yang tinggi ini berpotensi dimanfaatkan dalam bentuk media alternatif untuk mendukung pada pemeriksaan kultur jamur Candida albicans. Candida albicans merupakan salah satu jamur yang menyebabkan Kandidiasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas variasi konsentrasi tepung talas sebagai media alternatif terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental. Hasil menyatakan bahwa rerata pertumbuhan koloni pada masing-masing media beda secara signifikan. Pada uji efektifitas semua konsentrasi tepung talas memiliki persentase lebih dari 100%. Terdapat pengaruh variasi tepung talas terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi media tepung talas maka semakin banyak jumlah koloni Candida albicans yang tumbuh. Pada uji efektivitas menunjukkan bahwa pada semua konsentrasi tepung talas dalam kriteria sangat efektif.
Kata kunci : tepung talas, media alternatif, Candida albicans
Understanding Barriers to Girls’ Access and Use of EdTech in Kenya During Covid-19
Authors: Tembey Lara , Baier Jasmin , Ogolla Concilia , Mohan Prithika
Published: October 2021

An output of the EdTech Hub, https://edtechhub.org
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengenal Angka Melalui Pendekatan Realistik Matematik (RME) Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di TK Pertiwi 14.11.3 Sadangwetan Kecamatan Sadang Kabupaten Kebumen
Authors: Supriaji Ujud , Soliyah
Published: October 2021

Abstrak

Penelitian tindak kelas (PTK) ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : Untuk meningkatan kemampuan mengenal angkamelalui pendekatan realistik matematik education (RME) pada anak usia 5-6 tahun Di TK Pertiwi 14.11.3 Sadangwetan Kecamatan Sadang Kabupaten Kebumen

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dengan dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan melalui tiga alur, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaa, observasi dan refleksi. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan, observasi dan dokumentasi.

hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang dikemukakan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan mengenal angka anak usia 5-6 tahun TK 14.11.3 Sadangweatan Kecamatan Sadang Kabupaten Kebumen dapat meningkat melalui pendekatan realistic matematik education (RME) kemampuan mengenal huruf pada anak didik usia 5-6 tahun dapat dilihat dari hasil observasi yang diperoleh pada setiap siklus yang mengalami peningkatan. Dari hasil observasi menunjukkan pada pra siklus menunjukkan ketuntasan belajar dengan kriteria baik dari 25 anak didik hanya 6 (24%) anak didik dengan kreteria baik, sebanyak 12 (48%) dengan kriteria cukup, sedangkan 7 (28%) anak didik dengan kriteria kurang. Siklus I menunjukkan ketuntasan belajar dengan kriteria baik dari 25 anak didik sebanyak 10 (40%) anak didik dengan katagori baik , sebanyak 12 (48%) dengan kriteria cukup, sedangkan 3 (612%) anak didik dengan kriteria kurang. Sedangkan Siklus II menunjukkan ketuntasan belajar dengan kriteria baik dari 25 anak didik sebanyak 21 (84%) anak didik dengan katagori baik, sebanyak 4 (16%) dengan kriteria cukup, sedangkan 0 (0%) anak didik dengan kriteria kurang.

Kata Kunci : Pendekatan Realistic Matematik Education (RME), Mengenal angka, anak usia 5-6 tahun
upaya meningkatan keterampilan melukis melalui pendekatan contextual teaching and learning(ctl) pada anak usia 5-6 tahu di Tk Muslimat NU 19 Al iksan kecamatan sadang kabupten kebumen
Authors: Supriaji Ujud , Habibah Umi
Published: October 2021

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk meningkatkan keterampilan melukis melalui pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) pada anak usia 5-6 Tahun TK Muslimat NU 19 Al Ikhsan Kecamatan Sadang Kabupaten Kebumen Tahun 2020.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dengan dua siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari dua kali pertemuan. yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaa, observasi dan refleksi. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan test, post test, observasi dan dokumentasi.

Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa: kreativitas melukis pada anak usia 5-6 tahun di TK Muslimat 19 Al-Ikhsan Kecamatan Sadang Kabupaten Kebumen dapat meningkat melalui penerapan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) . Peningkatan kreativitas mearnai pada anak didik Kelompok A dapat dilihat dari hasil observasi yang diperoleh pada setiap siklus yang mengalami pengingkatan. Dari hasil observasi menunjukkan pada pra siklus menunjukkan ketentuan belajar dengan kriteria baik dari 25 anak didik hanya 7 (28%) anak didik, sebanyak 17 (68%) anak didik dengan kriteria cukup sedangkan 1 (4%) anak didik dengan kriteria kurang. Sikus I menunjukkan ketuntasan belajar dengan kriteria baik dari 25 anak didik sebanyak 12 (48%) anak didik dengan kriteria baik, 13 (52%) anak didik dengan kriteria sedang dan 0 (0%) dengan kriteria kurang. Sedangkan Sikus II menunjukkan ketuntasan belajar dengan kriteria baik dari 25 anak didik sebanyak 22 (88%) anak didik dengan kriteria baik, 3 (12%) anak didik dengan kriteria sedang dan 0 (0%) dengan kriteria kurang.

Kata Kunci : pendekatan pembelajaran. Contextual Teaching And Learning.
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pengolahan Nilai Rapor Berbasis Web di SMK Ma'arif 6 Ayah
Authors: Hasim Iswanto Mukhamad , Triono Agus
Published: October 2021

ABSTRAK

Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan, pengolahan nilai rapor di SMK Ma’arif 6 Ayah saat ini masih bersifat manual, sehingga banyak waktu dan tenaga diperlukan untuk melakukan tugas tersebut. Selain itu pembagian rapor juga masih secara konvensional karena orang tua siswa harus datang ke sekolah untuk mengambilnya, karena alasan tersebut diperlukan aplikasi rapor yang dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kepada siswa secara cepat dalam hal pembagian nilai rapor sekaligus memudahkan guru-guru dalam mengisikan rapor.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang aplikasi pengolahan nilai berbasis web. Dalam perancangan aplikasi ini penulis menggunakan tahapan-tahapan dari pengembangan SDLC dengan model proses Waterfall. Perancangan sistem informasi pengolahan nilai rapor berbasis web ini dapat meningkatkan kualitas pengolahan nilai rapor di SMK Ma’arif 6 Ayah.

Bahasa pemrograman yang penulis gunakan adalah PHP dan menggunakan database MySQL. Untuk menguji kelayakan sistem, penulis menggunakan blak bock testing. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini adalah pembuatan aplikasi rapor SMK Ma’arif 6 Ayah berbasis web.

KataKunci : Rapor Berbasis Web, PHP, MySQL
SYNTHESIS, ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY AND QSAR STUDIES OF CHALCONES,N-BENZYLIDENESULFONAMIDES AND CHALCONESULFONAMIDES
Authors:   C. U. Shah College of Pharmacy S. N. D. T. Women’s University Sir Vithaldas Vidya Vihar, Juhu Road, Santacruz (West), Mumbai- 400 049, India., More A. H. , Raul S. J , Mahajan S. S
Published: October 2021

Malaria remains the major cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Malaria, caused byPlasmodium species, is potentially life threatening, increasing in prevalence and becoming evenmore resistant to in-use drugs. In this article, synthesis of compounds from the series of chalcones,benzylidenesulfonamides and chalconesulfonamides, by the conventional and microwave-irradiationmethods is discussed. The microwave-irradiation method was convenient, rapid and high yielding ascompared to the conventional method of synthesis. The acute oral toxicity studies indicated that all thecompounds were safe for administration up to 2000 mg/kg body weight of a mouse. The compoundswere screened for their antimalarial activity. Two chalcones, five benzylidenesulfonamides and threechalconesulfonamides showed antimalarial activity equivalent to chloroquine. Benzylidenesulfonamidesshowed better antimalarial activity compared to the compounds from the other two series.Chalconesulfonamides showed better antimalarial activity than chalcones. The QSAR studies werecarried out by correlating antimalarial activity of all the compounds with their physicochemical descriptors.Validation of the best QSAR model was carried out using the training set and the test set method. Thesestudies provided guidance for the development of novel antimalarials from these series.
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF AERIAL PARTS OF SWERTIA TETRAGONA EDGEW
Authors:   Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard New Delhi - 110 062, India., Bhat Z. A , Ali M , Ansari S. H , Naquvi K. J.
Published: October 2021

Swertia tetragona Edgew (Gentianaceae) is a Himalayan herb used as a substitute for S. chirayita.Phytochemical investigation of its aerial parts yielded pregn-4-en-3?-ol, 1-methoxy-4, 5-dihydroxy-7-methyl xanthone and stigmasterol characterized on the basis of spectral data analysis.
COMPATIBILITY STUDIES OF ACETAZOLAMIDE WITH EXCIPIENTS BY USING HIGHPERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY (HPLC) TECHNIQUE
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics Bapatla College of Pharmacy Guntur (Dist.), Bapatla - 522 101 Andhra Pradesh, India., Murthy T. E. G. K , Bala Vishnu Priya M , Suresh Babu V. V.
Published: October 2021

Compatibility studies are essential for preformulation studies of formulation development. Acetazolamideis a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used in the treatment and management of cardiac oedema, glaucomaand other conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical stability ofacetazolamide, when mixed with excipients as binary mixture. These samples were stored and evaluatedfor related substances at 400/75 % RH for 28 days and 550 for 14 days and the samples were analyzedusing HPLC. The results demonstrated the suitability of acetazolamide with Avicel PH 101, MethocelK4M premium CR hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose, Methocel E10M premium CR hydroxy propyl methylcellulose, talc, sodium lauryl sulphate and size 00 white/white hard gelatin capsule.
ENHANCEMENT OF FOLLICULAR DELIVERY OF FINASTERIDE IN NIOSOMALAND PRONIOSOMAL GEL FORM FOR TREATING ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA
Authors:   Devaki Amma Memorial College of Pharmacy P. O. Pulliparamba, Chelembra-673634 Malappuram, Kerala, India., Vimal K. R , Sankar V , Srinivas C. R , Kumaresan M.
Published: October 2021

Finasteride has not been explored extensively for the treatment of androgenic alopecia. The present workwas aimed to enhance the follicular delivery of finasteride topically by niosomal and proniosomal carriersystems for treating androgenetic alopecia. Finasteride niosomes were prepared by thin film hydrationmethod and proniosomes were prepared by coacervation phase separation method. The niosomesprepared with cholesterol-Span 20 (1:1) and proniosmes prepared with cholesterol-Span 20 (1:1) showedbetter mean vesicle size, drug content, in vitro release profile and skin permeability. The effect of chargeinducer, dicetyl phosphate (DCP) on skin permeability of niosomes and proniosomes was studied and itwas found to be less in this study. Stability studies were preformed and the formulation was found to bestable for 60 days. Clinical trials by phototrichogram method was performed for proniosomal formulationwith cholesterol-Span 20 (1:1) and DCP on twenty healthy male volunteers and it was found to increasethe anagen hair count of test group by 42.85 % when compared with the control group (6.6%), indicatingthe proniosomal gel formulation achieved the objective of enhancing the drug concentration in androgenicreceptors of hair shaft and thus it can be used safely for treating androgenic alopecia.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ORAL ELEMENTARY OSMOTIC PUMP TABLETS FOR ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE
Authors:   Mother Teresa College of Pharmacy NFC Nagar, RR Dist, 501301, Andhra Pradesh, India., Patha S. , Dara P. , Yamsani S. K , Thadkapally R , Aukunuru J
Published: October 2021

The objective of the present study was to develop a sustained release once a day oral elementary osmotic tablet for ropinirole hydrochloride and evaluate its in vivo performance. The core of elementary osmotic tablet of ropinirole hydrochloride was prepared by compression of mixture consisting of drug,different concentrations of osmogens, and other tablet material. Core tablets were then coated with different concentrations of cellulose acetate and PEG-400. FTIR was used to identify if the excipients are compatible with the drug. All the tablets that were prepared were evaluated for drug release and based on the results an optimum and ideal osmotic pump composition with a zero-order drug release extended for 24 h was proposed and this was considered the optimized formulation. Surface morphology of coated formulation was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The drug release was determined in different pH media and different agitation speeds. The pharmacokinetics of the drug after oral administration of optimized osmotic pump was investigated in rabbits and the data were compared with that of a conventional tablet. In vitro in vivo correlation was determined for the optimized formulation. A suitable and simple sustained release elementary osmotic pump for ropinirole hydrochloride was developed. The release rate was independent of the pH of the dissolution medium and the agitation speeds. In vivo studies with optimized osmotic tablet formulation demonstrated that drug concentration in plasma was maintained for prolonged period and minimized fluctuation. A better in vitro in vivo correlation was achieved with the osmotic tablet. A simple once a day elementary osmotic tablet is feasible for ropinirole hydrochloride.
IN VITRO LIPID PEROXIDATION INHIBITORY AND ANTI-ARTHRITIC ACTIVITIES OF SOME INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Institute of Chemical Technology Matunga, Mumbai- 400019. India., Rege A. A , Juvekar P. R. , Juvekar A. R.
Published: October 2021

Anti-lipid peroxidation effect of aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera was evaluated against Fe2+-ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation using rat liver mitochondria as model system, whereas, anti-arthritic activity was evaluated by proteinase inhibitory assay. O. sanctum showed potent anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-arthritic activities. T. cordifolia exhibited moderate anti-lipid peroxidation activity, but considerable anti-arthritic activity, whereas, W. somnifera revealed least lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity and considerable anti-arthritic activity. Besides, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent in terms of gallic acid equivalent achieved the total phenolic content and the trend was found to be O. sanctum > T. cordifolia > W. somnifera.
SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR PREPARING MUCOADHESIVE FILMS
Authors:   University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UGC Centre of Advanced Studies) Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India., Singh B , Kapil R
Published: October 2021

Polymeric mucoadhesive films are considered highly effective alternative to various other mucoadhesive drug delivery devices like tablets, gels or patches. The moulds or petridishes generally employed in formulating such mucoadhesive films invariably leads to variation in heterogeneity of film thickness and eventually drug content in the film portion of desired dimensions. This limits the choice of mucoadhesive films prepared using these methods. The current investigation, therefore, reports the design of a quite simple, effective and economical technique for formulation of thin mucoadhesive films and validation of the robustness of the process by monitoring the film thickness, drug content, mucoadhesion and drug release characteristics.
DEVELOPMENT OF STABILATING INDICATING ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR FAMOTIDINE AND DICLOFENAC POTASSIUM IN COMBINED DOSAGE FORM
Authors:   J. L. Chaturvedi College of Pharmacy, Electronic Zone Building, MIDC Hingna Road, Nagpur-440 016, Maharashtra, India., Chaple D. R. , Mehta S. A , Yeole M. P , Tarte P. S.
Published: October 2021

This work deals with the simultaneous estimation of famotidine and diclofenac potassium in a tablet dosage form. The method employed is simultaneous equation. The absorption maxima at 266 nm and 286 nm were used for the estimation of famotidine and diclofenac, respectively. Both the drugs and their mixture obey Beer-Lamberts law at selected wavelength in given concentration range. The result of analysis has been validated statistically and recovery studies confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method. The proposed method is simple, rapid, precise and accurate. It is used for the routine analysis of both drugs.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF LERCANIDIPINE IN BIOLOGICAL MATRICES
Authors:   University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies Dean Alumni, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014. India., Singla A , Paul Y. , Singh B.
Published: October 2021

A simple, precise, accurate, reproducible and robust analytical method was developed using reversed phase HPLC for quantitative estimation of lercanidipine in biological matrices. The method was validated as per the ICH and FDA guidelines. Analysis of the drug was performed in an isocratic mode employing methanol and acetonitrile (74:26) as the mobile phase on a C18 column. UV-Visible detector at 219 nm was found to be suitable for drug estimation. Linearity was observed in the range of 5 and 500 ng/mL (p<0.001). Recovery was found to range between 96.26% and 100.67%. The % RSD values for method precision and system precision were found to be 0.437 and 1.58, respectively. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were observed to be 0.20 ng/mL and 0.68 ng/mL, respectively.
TREATMENT OF OBESITY THROUGH HERBAL THERAPY
Authors:   Swami Vivekananda Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vangapally, Yadagirigutta, Nalgonda-508286 Andhra Pradesh, India., Lenkalapally M. , Kethavath M , Kommu S., , Mani S., , Ramanathan P , Narayanasamy L. G.
Published: October 2021

Obesity is a physical condition and causative factor for many strenuous abnormalities that results from excessive storage of fat in the body. Abnormal chronic conditions of obesity from whatever cause, leads to risk factors in cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, pulmonary disease, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, arthritis, certain cancers (breast, uterus and colon), varicose vein and gall bladder disease. In this present review, we intend to educate and to create awareness of certain commonly used herbal plants which have been used as traditional remedy since the time of our ancestors for their lipid lowering activity. We discuss new potential targets for herbal remedy that may help people in gaining control over appetite as well as increase total energy expenditure and fat utilization.
INSULIN SECRETAGOGUE POTENTIAL OF FERONIA ELEPHANTUM FRUIT EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors:   Dept of Pharmacology, KLE University, College of Pharmacy JNMC Campus, Nehru Nagar Belgaum-5900 10, Karnataka, India., Khatib N. A , Patil P. A , Ismail P.
Published: October 2021

Methanol extract of Feronia elephantum fruit at a dose of 400 mg/kg twice a day, was evaluated for its insulin secretagogue potential in streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg induced diabetic rats. Treatment showed significant (P<0.001) decrease in blood glucose and significant (P<0.001) increase in seruminsulin, hepatic, muscle glycogen content and restoration of disturbed dyslipidemia. Result obtained from the present study indicates that methanol extract of Feronia elephantum fruit has insulin secretagogue potential in STZ induced diabetic rats.
LIPID METABOLISM BY NATURAL CONSTITUENTS USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY
Authors:   Nalanda College of Pharmacy Nalgonda, Guntur 508001, Andhra Pradesh, India., Dinakaran S. K , Banji . D , Harani A.
Published: October 2021

Because of the various uses they have, plants are generally considered as the wealth of health. The importance of plants is established since a very long time wherein their parts (constituents) are used in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Obesity is a general (or) common case of over weight associated with the higher content of cholesterol or related elements rather than simple fatness. Herein, there are examples of the plants with their chemical constituents which effectively cause lipid metabolism and suitable for treatment of obesity.
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS STUDY OF MAYUR PUCCHA BHASMA
Authors:   P. G. Department of Rasashastra K. L. E. University’s Shri. B. M. K. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya Post Graduate Studies & Research Centre Shahapur, Belgaum–590003, Karnataka, India., Kotrannavar V. S. , Sarashetty R. S. , Kanthi V. G.
Published: October 2021

Mayur Puccha Bhasma (calx of peacock feather) is an animal product prepared from Mayur Puccha (peacock feather) and Palash moola (Butea monosperma) kwatha (decoction), Dronapushpi (Leucas cephalotes spreng) swarasa (juice), Chakramarda (cassiatora) swarasa (juice).This preparation is mainly used in the management of Chardhi (vomiting), Hikka (hiccough), Swasa (respiratory disorder). In this study, Mayur Puccha Bhasma was prepared with classical procedure, by giving Gajaputa (by burning at 1000o using 1000 cow dung cakes) to peacock feathers and finished product was subjected to physicochemical studies to find out ash value, pH value, specific gravity, moisture content, preliminary organic analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) analysis to assess the chemical components and to lay-down the pharmacopeial standards for standardisation of Mayur Puccha Bhasma. The bhasma (calx) contains essential and beneficial inorganic elements like Cu, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, Mn, Al and electrolytes like Na, K with neutral pH (7.1) and less moisture content (1%).
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF FROVATRIPTAN, ALMOTRIPTAN AND ZOLMITRIPTAN IN COMBINED PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC METHOD
Authors:   Bapatla College of Pharmacy, Guntur(Dist), Bapatla - 522 101, A.P., India,, Reddy V. S , Murthy T. E. G. K. , Usha Rani N , Rao R. S , Saraswathi K.
Published: October 2021

A simple, precise, accurate, reproducible, robust reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of frovatriptan, almotriptan and zolmitriptan in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was validated as per ICH and FDA guidelines. Analysis of the drugs was performed on Phenomenex Chromosil C-18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 mc) column, in an isocratic mode employing methanol, acetonitrile and THF in the ratio of 46:50:04 (v/v/v) as mobile phase. UV-visible detector at 269 nm was found to be suitable for detection. Linearity was observed in the range of 40-100 ppm.The % recovery was found to be 99.51, 99.69 and 99.34 for frovatriptan, almotriptan and zolmitriptan respectively. The % RSD values for method precision was found to be 0.86, 0.65 and 1.28 for frovatriptan, almotriptan and zolmitriptan respectively. Limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) values were found to be 0.15, 0.08 and 0.09 ppm. and 0.05, 0.02, 0.03 for frovatriptan, almotriptan and zolmitriptan respectively.
SCREENING OF ANTI-ANXIETY ACTIVITY OF UNRIPE FRUITS OF MUSA PARADISIACA LINN.
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T’s College of Pharmacy S. R. Nagar, Near Microwave Tower Dharwad-580002, Karnataka. India., Hallikeri C. S , Joshi S. D , Patil P , Kulkarni V. H , Alagawadi K. R.
Published: October 2021

The alcoholic extract of unripe fruits of Musa paradisiaca Linn. (Musaceae) was evaluated for antianxiety activity by using operant behavior (behavioral disinhibition) model of anxiety in albino rats. Phytochemical investigation of alcoholic extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, amino acids,vitamins and carbohydrates. Alcoholic extract showed significant anti-punishment and anti-frustration activities at dose level of 500 mg/kg/day for 5 days which is comparable to standard drug, diazepam 5mg/kg. The presence of amino acid and flavonoids in alcoholic extract could be attributed for the antianxiety and other CNS depressant activity.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF RALOXIFENE HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND TABLET FORMULATION BY UV-SPECTROPHOTOMETRY AND FIRST ORDER DERIVATIVE USING AREA UNDER CURVE METHOD
Authors:   H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dhule 425405 (M.S.)  India., Mutha R. E , Dhumal D. M , Patil P. H. , Shirkhedkar A. A. , Bari S. B.
Published: October 2021

Raloxifene hydrochloride (RLF) is a non-steroidal, selective estrogen receptor modulator used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Two simple, rapid and economical 'zero order UV-spectrophotometric (method I)' and first order derivative spectrophotometric (method II) using area under curve (AUC) technique have been developed for estimation of RLF in bulk and tablets. In 0.1N NaOH, RLF showed maximum absorbance at 303.5 nm. In method I, AUC between two wavelengths 275.0 nm & 350.0 nm were selected. In method II, UV-spectrum of RLF was derivatized into first order and two wavelengths 303.0 nm and 385.0 nm were selected for determination of AUC. In both these methods, RLF obeyed linearity in the concentration range of 2-10 mcg/mL (r2>0.99). Proposed methods were applied for tablet formulations and amounts of RLF estimated by method I and method II were found to be 100.08±0.68 and 99.78±0.94, respectively. Both these methods were validated statistically and by recovery experiments.
SCOPE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Authors:   Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy Pravaranagar, A/P- Loni Bk. Tal-Rahata Dist- Ahmednagar 413736, (MS), India., Pattan S. R. , Wani N. P , Shelar M. U , Nirmal S. A. , Chaudhari P. D , Gude R. S.
Published: October 2021

In recent years there have been several scientific and technological advancements in the research and development of rate-controlled oral drug delivery systems by overcoming physiological adversities,such as short gastric residence time (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying time (GET). Several approaches are currently utilized in the prolongation of the GRT, including floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), also known as hydrodynamically balanced systems (HBS), swelling and expanding systems,polymeric bioadhesive systems, modified-shape systems, high-density systems and other delayed gastric emptying devices. In this review, the current technological developments of FDDS including patented delivery systems and marketed products, and their advantages and future potential for oral controlled drug delivery are discussed.
VALIDATED HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF OLMESARTAN MEDOXIMIL AND METOPROLOL SUCCINATE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors:   P. E. Society’s Modern College of Pharmacy Nigdi (Pune)-411044, Maharashtra, India., Kunjir V. V , Jadhav S. B. , Purkar A. J , Chaudhari P. D.
Published: October 2021

A high performance thin layer chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of olmesartan medoximil and metoprolol succinate from tablet dosage form. The mobile phase consisting of water-methanol-ammonium sulphate (4.5:4.5:1.5 v/v/v) and wavelength of detection 233 nm was used. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines.
EFFECT OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION RUMALAYA FORTE ON ADJUVANT INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology Meenakshi Medical College & Research Institute MAHER (Meenakshi University), Kanchipuram–631552 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Subash K. R , Cheriyan B. V., , Parvathavarthini S. , Bhaarati G. M , Venugopal V.
Published: October 2021

Anti-arthritic activity of Rumalaya Forte (RF), a polyherbal formulation was evaluated by in vivo Complete Freunds Adjuvant induced arthritis animal model in rats. RF 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg offered significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting primary lesion on day 5, RF 160 mg/kg body weight has profound anti-arthritic activity than low dose RF 80 mg/kg with significant reduction in mononuclear infiltration, pannus formation and bone erosion in as observed in histological studies. Dexamethasone as standard exhibited a greater reduction in body weight compared to other groups while arthritic score was comparably significant with that of RF 160 mg/kg concentration.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT, ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY AND FREE RADICALSCAVENGING POTENTIAL OF TWO DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF MOMORDICA DIOICA ROXB.EX WILD. & MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. (CUCURBITACEAE)
Authors:   Medicinal Natural Products Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical sciences and technology,Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Nathalal Parekh marg, Matunga (E), Mumbai-400 019., Kale M. S , Katekhaye S. D.
Published: October 2021

The fruits of Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Wild. & Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) are used as vegetable in India. The fruits are used in the management of diabetes and other diseases. Since these effects may be correlated with the presence of anti-oxidant compounds, methanol and 70% acetone extracts of these plants were evaluated and compared for their total phenolic content, anti-oxidant activity and radical scavenging activity. Total phenolic content of methanol extract of both fruits was found to be relatively higher than acetone extract. The anti-oxidant potential of the extracts were assessed by employing different in vitro assays such as reducing power assay, DPPH, hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay, OH radical scavenging capacities, peroxidation inhibiting activity through linoleic acid emulsion system and anti-hemolytic assay. Though all the extracts exhibited dose dependent reducing power activity, acetone extracts of the samples were found to have more hydrogen donating ability.
THE SCOPE OF METAL COMPLEXES IN DRUG DESIGN - A REVIEW
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy Pravaranagar, A/P-Loni, Tal- Rahata Dist. Ahmednagar 413736, Maharashtra, India., Pattan S. R. , Pawar S. B , Vetal S. S. , Gharate U. D. , Bhawar S. B.
Published: October 2021

A significantly rising interest in the design of metal compounds as drugs and diagnostic agents is currently observed in the area of scientific inquiry, appropriately termed medicinal inorganic chemistry. Investigations in this area focus mostly on the speciation of metal species in biological media based on possible interactions of these metal ions with diverse biomolecules, in an effort to contribute to future development of new therapeutics or diagnostic agents. Metallopharmaceuticals used as anticancer agents, metal-mediated antibiotics, antibacterials, antivirals, antiparasitics, antiarthritics, antidiabetics and radio-sensitizing agents appear in therapeutic medicinal inorganic chemistry. The medicinal uses and applications of metals and metal complexes are of increasing clinical and commercial importance.
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ELEMENTARY OSMOTIC PUMP TABLETS FOR SIMULTANEOUS RELEASE OF METFORMIN AND GLIPIZIDE
Authors:   Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Science Gangoh, Saharanpur - 24734, U.P, India., Bharadwaj P , Upaddhyay P. K , Agarwal V , Chaurasia D , Chaurasia H. , Singh R.
Published: October 2021

The aim of present study was to design and evaluate an elementary osmotic pump-based drug delivery system for controlled release of metformin and glipizide simultaneously for treatment of type II noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Inclusion complex of glipizide with β- cyclodextrin was prepared to enhance its solubility. Core tablets were prepared by wet granulation method. Effects of different variables like amount of plasticizer, osmogen, orifice size and dissolution media were studied on release profile for both drugs. Morphology of semi permeable was studied using electron microscope before and after dissolution test. On increasing the amount of osmogen, the release of both drugs was found to be increased. No significant effect of PVP K 30 was observed on drug release. Optimization results indicated that the release of both drugs was directly proportional to the surface porosity of the membrane. It was concluded that the osmotic pump tablets could provide more prolonged and controlled release that may result in an improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF PIOGLITAZONE AND GLIMEPIRIDE - A UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC APPROACH
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics, KLE University’s College of Pharmacy Belgaum, 590010 Karnataka, India., Kottu P. K , Gadad A.P. , Dandagi P. M
Published: October 2021

Objective: The objective of the present work was to design a simple, accurate, economical and reproducible UV spectrophotometric method for the simultaneous estimation of a two-component drug mixture of pioglitazone and glimepiride in the combined tablet dosage form. Methodology: Simultaneous estimation method that involves maximum absorbance (λ max) of Pioglitazone and Glimepiride at 279.0 nm and 238.0 nm, respectively was developed. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD). The calibration curves were linear in the concentration range for pioglitazone (r value) and for glimepiride (r value) and were found to obey Beers law in the linear concentration ranges. Statistical analysis and drug recovery data showed that simultaneous estimation method was simple, rapid, economical, sensitive,precise and reproducible. Hence, the proposed method was recommended for routine analysis of pioglitazone and glimepiride in combined tablet dosage form.
EVALUATION OF MARKET SAMPLES OF MUKTA BHASMA USING NAMBURI PHASED SPOT TEST (NPST)
Authors:   Department of Rasashastra, K.L.E.U’s Shri B.M.K.Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Shahpur, Belgaum, Karnatak, India., Poornima B. T , Santhosh . B , Jadar P.G.
Published: October 2021

Mukta bhasma (calx of Pearl), an unique herbo-mineral preparation used traditionally as an effective antacid, anti-pyretic and anti-ulcer is a compound mainly consisting of calcium carbonate. Many pharmaceutical companies manufacture Mukta bhasma but whether the quality of all remains same or not is always doubtful. This doubt can be cleared by using classical bhasma parikshas like Rekhapurnata,Vaaritara Unama and modern analytical techniques like NPST. Thus, Mukta bhasma prepared by classical reference in our department along with three market samples were subjected to above tests and the results were compared. There was considerable difference in the bhasma parikshas and NPST spot pattern among all the four samples. The bhasma prepared in our department had nearest results to standard NPST of Mukta bhasma.
EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF SILVER SULFADIAZINE EMULGEL (1%) IN THE RAT BURN WOUND MODEL AND ITS SKIN IRRITATION STUDY
Authors:   Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Sr. No. 4/17, Sector No.: 34, PCNTDA, off Kalewadi Phata, Pimpri Road, Thergaon (Kalewadi), Pune-411033 (M.S.), India., Patil P. J. , Chaudhari . S. P , Ghodekar S. V.
Published: October 2021

The study provides a scientific evaluation of the biological and therapeutic properties of new topical formulation of silver sulfadiazine emulgel (1%) as an alternative for the treatment of burn wounds. The solid dispersion was prepared with poloxomer 407 by melt method and is used for emulgel formulation. The prepared silver sulfadiazine emulgel (1%) was compared with marketed silver sulfadiazine creamon healing of burn wounds in rats. Burned area evaluations on the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th days showed statistically significant better burn wound healing in silver sulfadiazine emulgel (1%) as compared to marketed silver sulfadiazine (1%) group. Moreover, it showed no irritation when tested in rabbit skin irritation test. In conclusion, application of silver sulfadiazine emulgel may be more effective in healing burn related skin wounds in the rat model.
ANTINOCICEPTIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIPYRETIC EFFECTS OF CROTON CAUDATUS LEAVES
Authors:   G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad- 500 028 Andhra Pradesh, India., Neeharika V. , Swetha T. , Humaira F , Reddy B. M , Sama V.
Published: October 2021

Croton caudatus (Euphorbiaceae) is claimed to be useful in treatment of sprains, arthritis and liver disorders in traditional system of medicine. In the present investigation antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the 80% aqueous ethanolic extract from leaves of C. caudatus have been evaluated. The ethanolic extract reduced the nociception induced by acetic acid at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P<0.001) and in dose dependent manner. In the hot plate test, the extract significantly increased the latency time of jump. The naloxone reversed the antinociception of the extract in hot plate test, indicating that C. caudatus ethanolic extract has morphinomimetic properties. The extract significantly decreased the rectal temperature in yeast-induced pyrexia in rats at highest tested dose.The ethanolic extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg produced 47% protection in carrageenan-induced edema. Steroids and/or triterpenoids, flavonoids and their glycosides are the major constituents of ethanolic extract of C. caudatus.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MEDICATED CHEWING GUMS OF DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE
Authors: Swamy N.G.N , Shilpa P , Abbas Z.
Published: October 2021

Chewing gums are mobile drug delivery systems, with a potential for administering drugs either for local action or for systemic absorption via buccal route. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide chewing gum formulations were made employing Pharmagum M as the base with an aim to overcome the firstpass effect, reducing the risk of overdosing, ease of administration and for achieving faster systemic absorption. Dextromethorphan hydrobromide was further transformed into spray dried form and incorporated into Pharmagum M base with the object of solubility enhancement and masking the bitter taste of the drug. The prepared medicated chewing gums were evaluated for various precompression and postcompression parameters. The in vitro drug release profiles were carried out employing Erweka DRT chewing apparatus. It was observed that increasing the chewing gum base concentration resulted in a decreased drug release profile. The drug in the spray dried form revealed improved performance in comparison to the directly contained drug. The drug release data were fitted into various kinetic models. It was observed that the drug release was matrix diffusion controlled and revealed a non-Fickian drug release mechanism. Accelerated stability studies were carried out on select formulations as per ICH guidelines. The formulations were found to be stable in respect to physical parameters and no significant deviations were seen in respect to in vitro drug release characteristics.
ANTIMICROBIAL INVESTIGATION OF AMMANIA BACCIFERA LINN. AGAINST SOME URINARY AND GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT INFECTION CAUSING PATHOGENS
Authors:   University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar-751 004, Orissa, India., Sahoo S , Nayak D , Kumar G.S , Jayakumari S.
Published: October 2021

The plant Ammania baccifera Linn., commonly known as Jangli mendi, belonging to the family Lythraceae was investigated for its antimicrobial activity against some selected urinary tract (UT) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) infection causing pathogens and human pathogenic fungi. The ethanolic extract of the whole plant as well as its leaves, stems and roots were screened to evaluate the antibiogram pattern followed by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) study. The extracts were then screened for their antibacterial activity against some UTI and GIT infection causing pathogens viz. Staphylococcus aureus MTCC*1430, Enterococcus faecalis MTCC 2729, Escherichia coli MTCC 118, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 1035, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109, Proteus mirabilis MTCC 743, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae and antifungal activity against some human pathogenic fungi viz. Aspergillus niger MTCC 1344, Candida albicans MTCC 3017, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei by disc diffusion assay method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated by two fold serial dilution assay method. The HPTLC study of the ethanolic extract of whole plant revealed the presence of eight number of components in the chromatogram developed at 254 nm. The ethanolic extract of. whole plant of A. baccifera showed highest antibacterial efficiency followed by leaf, stem and root extracts respectively. However, ethanolic extracts of whole plant and leaves exhibited moderate antifungal potency followed by stem and root extracts, respectively. The results of MIC indicated that the whole plant extract inhibited P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, S. typhi and A. niger at a concentration of 62.5 g/ml thus exhibited broad spectrum of inhibition.
Rudolf Virchow: Requiem for a Visionary
Authors: Carvajal Julián Rondón
Published: October 2021

Rudolf Virchow's scientific legacy to mankind is invaluable. His holistic view of disease allowed him to develop detailed experimental models based on the precepts of cell biology, which is why he is considered the forerunner of modern pathology. Many of his observations were transferred to the clinical setting and are still valid today in different areas of internal medicine. This biographical sketch highlights his main contributions to modern medical practice on the basis of his profound social sensitivity, including the founding of the first German anthropological society.