bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Lackner David , Geissler Klaus
Published: November 2022

In a retrospective study, we analyzed the prevalence of common cardiovascular comorbidities in 310 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), their potential prognostic impact, and potential correlations with laboratory and molecular features. 115 (36%) patients had a documented cardiovascular comorbidity. In these patients, coronary heart disease 41/115 (36%), atrial fibrillation 34/115 (29%), and hypertension 75/115 (64%) were documented. None of these conditions had a significant impact on survival. Unexpectedly, patients with cardiovascular comorbidity had a lower number of circulating blasts and a lower prevalence of EZH2 mutations. Moreover, time to transformation was significantly longer in these patients. Cardiovascular comorbidity does not seem to have a major impact on prognosis in CMML patients. The unexpected lower transformation rate in these patients needs to be further investigated.
An extended modelling technique with generalized strains for flexible multibody systems
Authors: Meijaard J. P.
Published: November 2022

A new method, which is an extension of a finite-element formulation, introduces generalized strains related to nodal coordinates by implicit equations, which can be treated as constraints. This formulation allows a larger freedom in developing elements, so it eases the building of elements with a higher accuracy. In many cases, this enables modelling flexible multibody systems with fewer elements and fewer degrees of freedom for a given accuracy or using more accurate models. Because the systems are modelled with coordinates and constraints, all familiar analysis techniques can be applied, such as simulation, calculation of static solutions, linearization and an input–output description. The method is tested for planar and spatial beam elements based on assumed strains. Some examples of large static deflection and dynamics are presented, which show the advantage over some existing element formulations.
Special Issue Conclusion
Authors: Bucher Hannah , Stroppe Anne-Kathrin , Burger Axel M. , Faas Thorsten , Schoen Harald , Debus Marc , Roßteutscher Sigrid , Cohen Denis , Huber Robert A. , Jankowski Michael , John Melvin , Menzner Jan , Schimpf Christian H. , Schnaudt Christian , Steiner Nils D. , Traunmüller Richard , Unkelbach Fabienne , Vogel Vera , Wegscheider Carsten , Welz Robert , Wuttke Alexander
Published: November 2022

The GLES Open Science Challenge 2021 was a pilot project aimed at demonstrating that registered reports are an appropriate and beneficial publication format in quantitative political science that helps to increase transparency and replicability in the research process and thus yields substantial and relevant contributions to our discipline. The project resulted in the publication of this special issue, which includes seven registered reports based on data from the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) collected in the context of the 2021 German federal election. This concluding article of the special issue brings together the perspectives of the participating authors, reviewers, organizers, and editors in order to take stock of the different experiences gained and lessons learned in the course of the project. We are confident that future projects of a similar nature in political science, as well as authors, reviewers, and editors of registered reports, will benefit from these reflections.
Biodegradable methylcellulose biopolymer-derived activated porous carbon for dual energy application
Authors: Nath Gaurav , Singh Pramod K. , Dhapola Pawan Singh , Sharma Tejas , Patil Girish P. , Jadhav Chandradip D. , Singh Abhimanyu , Konwar Subhrajit , Savilov Serguei V. , Singh Diksha , Yahya M. Z. A.
Published: November 2022

Activated porous carbon was synthesized from methylcellulose biopolymer through a two-step mechanism involving H3PO4 as an activating agent and then thermally carbonized in a tubular furnace under an inert atmosphere at 850 °C. The product was next rinsed with strong HCl, neutralized with deionized water, and dried in an oven at 80 °C. Then, to fully understand the behavior of the activated porous carbon, it was characterized using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), RAMAN spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Additionally, we have created dye-sensitive solar cells and an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) using this porous carbon produced from methylcellulose (DSSC). We used the above-mentioned prepared porous carbon for the electrode portion of the Electric Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC) fabrication, and the maximized polymer electrolyte film made from the methyl cellulose (MC) biopolymer combined with 60 wt.% of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ionic liquid (IL), with a maximum conductivity of 1.93 × 10−2 S/cm, for the electrolyte. The fabricated EDLC device shows a specific capacitance of 60.8 F/gm at 5 mV/s scan rate which was confirmed by cyclovoltammetry and a low-frequency impedance plot in the CH electrochemical workstation. The DSSC device was fabricated using the same porous carbon as a material for the counter-electrode and the same composition polymer electrolyte that had been used in the EDLC as the electrolyte for the DSSC which yields an efficiency of 0.86%. The fill factor and other parameters were also calculated from the JV characteristics that had been characterized and obtained in the solar simulator.
Gum Arabic
Authors: van Dalen Dorrit
Published: November 2022

Gum Arabic has been seen as a symbol of the 'noble Orient' and later as a symbol of trouble. It is the hardened sap of varieties of acacia trees which grow exclusively in the Sahel, an area stretching across the African continent just south of the Sahara. From the time of the Crusades, when Europeans purchased it in Arab countries, it has played an ever-growing role in the global economy. It is now a common ingredient in foods, sodas, and cosmetics. Combining cultural history with travel writing, Dorrit van Dalen follows the fascinating history and shifting meanings assigned to gum Arabic from Shakespeare to Bin Laden and from the Industrial Revolution to a veteran of a recent coup d'état in Chad. She shows that both Western and African civilisations would not be the same without these tears of the acacia.
The States of Inequality: Methods for Mapping Legal Pluralism in Reproductive Autonomy
Authors: Vayo Amber B.
Published: November 2022

The field of public health law has been honing important transdisciplinary methods such as legal epidemiology and legal mapping. These methods can and should be integrated into socio-legal studies because they provide us with a way to capture the legal elements of interlocking power structures, offer ways to meaningfully compare and predict what access to rights will look like across jurisdictions, and capture a new way to study legal pluralism across and within jurisdictions. To illustrate the benefit of such methods for studying legal pluralism, this article offers the State Reproductive Autonomy Index, which compares all fifty states on seventy-five variables. Modeled on legal epidemiology’s survey of multiple types of law, including laws that can be classified as infrastructural (laying the institutional or policy parameters), interventionist (specifically targeted to produce a result), and incidental (distally related, not intentionally), this method integrates the work of reproductive justice scholars with the work on legal pluralism to illustrate the vast inequalities in access to reproductive autonomy across the United States. The State Reproductive Autonomy Index also shows why reproductive justice, rather than reproductive rights discourse, is a more accurate frame for understanding laws relating to reproduction and bodily autonomy.
Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on reinforcement learning in humans
Authors: Kanen Jonathan W. , Luo Qiang , Rostami Kandroodi Mojtaba , Cardinal Rudolf N. , Robbins Trevor W. , Nutt David J. , Carhart-Harris Robin L. , den Ouden Hanneke E. M.
Published: November 2022

Background

The non-selective serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptor agonist lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) holds promise as a treatment for some psychiatric disorders. Psychedelic drugs such as LSD have been suggested to have therapeutic actions through their effects on learning. The behavioural effects of LSD in humans, however, remain incompletely understood. Here we examined how LSD affects probabilistic reversal learning (PRL) in healthy humans.

Methods

Healthy volunteers received intravenous LSD (75μg in 10 mL saline) or placebo (10 mL saline) in a within-subjects design and completed a PRL task. Participants had to learn through trial and error which of three stimuli was rewarded most of the time, and these contingencies switched in a reversal phase. Computational models of reinforcement learning (RL) were fitted to the behavioural data to assess how LSD affected the updating (‘learning rates’) and deployment of value representations (‘reinforcement sensitivity’) during choice, as well as ‘stimulus stickiness’ (choice repetition irrespective of reinforcement history).

Results

Raw data measures assessing sensitivity to immediate feedback (‘win-stay’ and ‘lose-shift’ probabilities) were unaffected, whereas LSD increased the impact of the strength of initial learning on perseveration. Computational modelling revealed that the most pronounced effect of LSD was the enhancement of the reward learning rate. The punishment learning rate was also elevated. Stimulus stickiness was decreased by LSD, reflecting heightened exploration. Reinforcement sensitivity differed by phase.

Conclusions

Increased RL rates suggest LSD induced a state of heightened plasticity. These results indicate a potential mechanism through which revision of maladaptive associations could occur in the clinical application of LSD.
Mean residual life order among largest order statistics arising from resilience-scale models with reduced scale parameters
Authors: Haidari Abedin , Sattari Mostafa , Barmalzan Ghobad
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we identify some conditions to compare the largest order statistics from resilience-scale models with reduced scale parameters in the sense of mean residual life order. As an example of the established result, the exponentiated generalized gamma distribution is examined. Also, for the special case of the scale model, power-generalized Weibull and half-normal distributions are investigated.
Semantic analysis of normalisation by evaluation for typed lambda calculus
Authors: Fiore Marcelo
Published: November 2022

This paper studies normalisation by evaluation for typed lambda calculus from a categorical and algebraic viewpoint. The first part of the paper analyses the lambda definability result of Jung and Tiuryn via Kripke logical relations and shows how it can be adapted to unify definability and normalisation, yielding an extensional normalisation result. In the second part of the paper, the analysis is refined further by considering intensional Kripke relations (in the form of Artin–Wraith glueing) and shown to provide a function for normalising terms, casting normalisation by evaluation in the context of categorical glueing. The technical development includes an algebraic treatment of the syntax and semantics of the typed lambda calculus that allows the definition of the normalisation function to be given within a simply typed metatheory. A normalisation-by-evaluation program in a dependently typed functional programming language is synthesised.
Rewriting in Gray categories with applications to coherence
Authors: Forest Simon , Mimram Samuel
Published: November 2022

Over the recent years, the theory of rewriting has been used and extended in order to provide systematic techniques to show coherence results for strict higher categories. Here, we investigate a further generalization to Gray categories, which are known to be equivalent to tricategories. This requires us to develop the theory of rewriting in the setting of precategories, which are adapted to mechanized computations and include Gray categories as particular cases. We show that a finite rewriting system in precategories admits a finite number of critical pairs, which can be efficiently computed. We also extend Squier’s theorem to our context, showing that a convergent rewriting system is coherent, which means that any two parallel 3-cells are necessarily equal. This allows us to prove coherence results for several well-known structures in the context of Gray categories: monoids, adjunctions, and Frobenius monoids.
Investigation of the Receiving United States National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) Disaster Medical Assistant Team (DMAT) in Japan: Development of Standard Operation Procedures for Receiving International Medical Teams
Authors: Koido Yuichi , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Toyokuni Yoshiki , Matsuzawa Yuki , Yano Yoshiteru , Katsube Tsukasa
Published: November 2022

Background/Introduction:

Japan DMAT and US DMAT have been collaborating in the past to prepare for expected and unexpected disasters in Japan. Japan is predicting overwhelming disasters on Japanese soil soon, which needs efficient and optimum use of resources in medical assistance, including additional support from overseas, particularly from the US. The Japanese government established a large-scale Earthquake/Tsunami Disaster Emergency Response protocol in 2020. However, this protocol does not include any standard operation procedure (SOP) to receive an international medical team.

Objectives:

Establishing the SOP of receiving medical assistance from US-DMAT based on the WHO International Emergency Team (EMT) initiative.

Method/Description:

Collaborated with the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) of the United States Health and Human Services, tabletop exercises assuming that a large-scale earthquake occurred during hosting the 2025 Osaka Expo was conducted online meeting system.

Results/Outcomes:

Provisional SOP was formed by the Japan research team and ASPR representatives. Even though Japan had several disaster medical assistance collaborations with US DMAT and is well-familiarized with the Classification and Minimum Standards for Emergency Medical Teams, many issues need to be prepared to accept US DMAT.

Conclusion:

Numerous procedures need to be conducted to receive US DMAT assistance during a large-scale earthquake in Japan. With this SOP, receiving US medical team assistance will be conducted promptly, eventually saving many lives. This SOP can be modified for other international teams’ acceptance in Japan. It could reference other countries seeking to have SOPs for receiving international medical team assistance in the near future.
Export Fraud in India
Authors: Bussy Adrien , Jagil Mehtab Ahmed
Published: November 2022

We investigate tax fraud in a major export-promotion program in India – the Duty Drawback scheme – which enables exporting firms to claim a cash rebate proportional to the value of their exports, at a product-specific drawback rate. We detect fraud based on two approaches. First, we show that bilateral trade asymmetries between reported exports by India and reported imports by trading partners of the same trade flows are systematically correlated with the rate of drawback, suggesting that exporting firms over-report exports to unduly gain duty drawback. Second, we find evidence of excess bunching in the distribution of unit values reported by India at kinks in the per-unit drawback schedule, relative to the distribution of unit values reported by importing countries. Our results suggest that fraud currently detected by customs represents only 3.8%–6% of actual fraud.
Place-based pedagogies of hope
Authors: Morgan Bronwen , Thorpe Amelia
Published: November 2022

The need to engage students in thinking about the politics of law, especially in a time of escalating climate and other crises, is increasingly urgent. In this paper, we discuss a series of place-based teaching strategies designed to foster critical legal thinking, but also hope and a sense of agency. Inspired by a range of scholars – Bruno Latour, Doreen Massey, Henry Giroux and J.K. Gibson-Graham – we use context in an effort to cultivate what Giroux calls ‘educated hope’. Our starting point is what the law does (and also what law does not do and what it could do), not what the law is. Instead of taking a field of law and then using examples to illustrate how it works in context, we discuss three courses that start with the context of a particular place. Our courses cover a range of laws that work together to shape that place, spanning multiple fields, and emphasise their peopled and place-based specificity. After discussing teaching and assessment strategies that we have found productive, we reflect on implications beyond our courses, and the potential for broader place-based legal pedagogies.
Science Leads the Future, and the Future Is Now
Authors: Micalizio Caryl-Sue
Published: November 2022

In our annual double issue, Eos shares how scientists are defining the future with their work today.
A New Method Applied for the Determination of Relative Weight Ratios Under the TensorFlow Platform When Estimating Coseismic Slip Distribution
Authors: Zhao Xiong , Xu Caijun , Zhou Lixuan , Wen Yangmao , Wang Jianjun , Zhao Yingwen
Published: November 2022

When estimating a coseismic slip distribution with multiple observation types, the relative weight ratios (the contribution ratios of all kinds of actual observations in the joint inversion, which should be positive by default) and regularization parameter critically impact the inversion accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new method for determining the relative weights of multiple observations of jointing inversion slip distributions. This method regards the observations and the relative weight ratios as the training data sets and training parameters, respectively; in addition, the constructed function was optimized by the gradient descent method and the exponential decay learning rate method under the TensorFlow platform (GDED). We compared the GDED method with the Helmert variance component estimation method (HVCE) and Akaike's Bayesian information criterion method (ABIC) by designing eight simulation experiments. These simulations included changing the errors and resolutions of the observations, the grid size, the strike angle and the dip angle of the fault, the moment magnitudes of earthquakes, the number of observation types, and the complexity of subduction‐zone earthquakes. We analyzed and discussed the characteristics of the above three methods in determining the relative weight ratios during the joint inversion process. The results of these simulation experiments showed that the GDED method and the ABIC method perform much better than the HVCE method when negative variance occurs in the HVCE method, while the accuracies of the slip distributions produced by the three methods were similar when no negative variance occurred; the GDED method can be used to prevent the occurrence of negative variance compared to the HVCE method and is more time efficient than the ABIC method. Furthermore, we applied these methods to invert the source parameters of the 2015 Mw 8.3 Illapel earthquake (in Chile), and the inversion results showed that the slip of the Illapel earthquake was mainly distributed at depths of approximately 10–50 km. The maximum slip of the Illapel earthquake was approximately 7.9 m, distributed 50–70 km northwest of the epicenter at depths of approximately 10–20 km.
Single‐Crystal Elasticity of Phase E at High Pressure and Temperature: Implications for the Low‐Velocity Layer Atop the 410‐km Depth
Authors: Wang Baoyun , Zhang Yanyao , Fu Suyu , Ding Xing , Liang Wen , Takahashi Eiichi , Li Li , Tkachev Sergey N. , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Lin Jung‐Fu , Song Maoshuang
Published: November 2022

Dense hydrous magnesium silicate (DHMS) phase E is a potential water carrier in subducting slabs that can transport water to the Earth's deep mantle between the bottom of the upper mantle and the uppermost transition zone. Therefore, knowledge on the high pressure‒temperature (P‒T) full elastic moduli of phase E at relevant mantle conditions is important in deciphering the existence of DHMS phases and their influences on seismic profiles in the region; however, the high P‒T elasticity data of phase E still remains lacking. In this work, we determined the combined effect of P‒T on the single‐crystal elasticity of phase E up to 24 GPa and 900 K by in situ X‐ray diffraction and Brillouin scattering measurements in externally‐heated diamond anvil cells. The aggregate elastic moduli and compressional‐wave (VP) and shear‐wave (VS) velocities of phase E are then derived by analyzing the single‐crystal elasticity and density data using the third‐order finite‐strain equations. We found that phase E exhibits much lower bulk and shear moduli and acoustic velocities than the most abundant constituent minerals in the upper mantle and transition zone, such as olivine, clinopyroxene, garnet, and wadsleyite. The modeled results using the obtained elasticity results show that the existence of phase E in a hydrated pyrolite model can result in relatively lower Vp and Vs profiles and negative velocity anomalies in seismic observations. The existence of phase E with relatively lower velocity profiles could be a possible origin of the low‐velocity layers atop the 410‐km discontinuity in some cold and highly‐hydrated regions.
Changes in the Dominant Mode of Summer Precipitation Over the Central‐Eastern Tibetan Plateau Around the Mid‐1990s
Authors: Shang Wei , Duan Keqin , Ren Xuejuan , Guo Yuanyuan , Guan Weina , Li Shuangshuang
Published: November 2022

The interdecadal changes in the dominant mode of the summer precipitation over the central‐eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) are investigated around the mid‐1990s. It is found that the leading empirical orthogonal function mode of the interannual variations of summer precipitation over the central‐eastern TP is shown an out‐of‐phase pattern, with opposite variation between the southeastern and northeastern TP during 1961–1996, while the dominant mode become an in‐phase pattern during 1997–2019. During 1961–1996, the dipole pattern of TP precipitation is mainly related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and associated circulation anomalies. However, the impact of NAO on the dipole pattern of TP precipitation has weakened since the mid‐1990s. In contrast, during 1997–2019, more pronounced positive height anomalies in the upper troposphere are observed over the whole TP regions. Meanwhile, the southerly moisture flux from the Bay of Bengal and the Philippine Sea is prevalent significantly with strong moisture convergence. Further analysis demonstrates that this interdecadal spatial change is mainly linked to the significant increasing of the sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, and Indo‐Pacific warm pool, via wave trains propagation. The wave train‐related positive height anomalies over the TP regions are in favor of the strengthening of the South Asian high (SAH). Moreover, the zonal and meridional mean temperature advections by SAH‐related circulation anomalies are primarily responsible for the intense vertical flow anomalies. Consequently, the summer precipitation anomalies over the entire TP regions are largely enhanced and formed the mono‐sign pattern during 1997–2019.
Assessing Internal Variability of Global Mean Surface Temperature From Observational Data and Implications for Reaching Key Thresholds
Authors: Trewin Blair
Published: November 2022

Observed global mean surface temperature (GMST) combines a forced response with internal variability, and quantifying internal variability is important in assessing the reaching of key thresholds, such as the 1.5°C warming threshold in the Paris Agreement. This study uses observational data to estimate internal variability. Since the current period of warming began in the 1970s, the 10‐year mean of GMST has been very close to the 30‐year mean for the period it is centred in and can therefore be considered as a robust indicator of the recent state of the climate. The range between the 5th and 95th percentile of annual residuals of observed GMST is 0.319°C, substantially less than the corresponding range of 0.4°C–0.6°C in large model ensembles, implying that the first individual year above 1.5°C may occur later than indicated by climate models. The largest annual residuals are mostly associated with large‐amplitude El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events or major volcanic eruptions, with the relationship between cool years and La Niña more consistent than that between warm years and El Niño. The relationship between multi‐year GMST means for differing periods indicates that the probability that the 1.5°C threshold has been crossed (using the IPCC definition of the midpoint of the first 20‐year period above the threshold) exceeds 50% once the most recent observed 11‐year mean reaches 1.43°C.
Quantification of Impact‐Induced Melt Production in Numerical Modeling Revisited
Authors: Manske Lukas , Wünnemann Kai , Kurosawa Kosuke
Published: November 2022

Melting and vaporization of rocks in impact cratering is mostly attributed to be a consequence of shock compression. However, other mechanism such as plastic work and decompression by structural uplift also contribute to melt production. In this study we expand the commonly used method to determine shock‐induced melting in numerical models from the peak shock pressure by a new approach to account for additional heating due plastic work and internal friction. We compare our new approach with the straight‐forward method to simply quantify melting from the temperature relative to the solidus temperature at any arbitrary point in time in the course of crater formation. This much simpler method does account for plastic work but suffers from reduced accuracy due to numerical diffusion inherent to ongoing advection in impact crater formation models. We demonstrate that our new approach is more accurate than previous methods in particular for quantitative determination of impact melt distribution in final crater structures. In addition, we assess the contribution of plastic work to the overall melt volume and find, that melting is dominated by plastic work for impacts at velocities smaller than 7.5–12.5 km/s in rocks, depending on the material strength. At higher impact velocities shock compression is the dominating mechanism for melting. Here, the conventional peak shock pressure method provides similar results compared with our new model. Our method serves as a powerful tool to accurately determine impact‐induced heating in particular at relatively low‐velocity impacts.
Thermospheric Neutral Density Variation During the “SpaceX” Storm: Implications From Physics‐Based Whole Geospace Modeling
Authors: Lin Dong , Wang Wenbin , Garcia‐Sage Katherine , Yue Jia , Merkin Viacheslav , McInerney Joseph M. , Pham Kevin , Sorathia Kareem
Published: November 2022

The Starlink satellites launched on 3 February 2022 were lost before they fully arrived in their designated orbits. The loss was attributed to two moderate geomagnetic storms that occurred consecutively on 3–4 February. We investigate the thermospheric neutral mass density variation during these storms with the Multiscale Atmosphere‐Geospace Environment (MAGE) model, a first‐principles, fully coupled geospace model. Simulated neutral density enhancements are validated by Swarm satellite measurements at the altitude of 400–500 km. Comparison with standalone TIEGCM and empirical NRLMSIS 2.0 and DTM‐2013 models suggests better performance by MAGE in predicting the maximum density enhancement and resolving the gradual recovery process. Along the Starlink satellite orbit in the middle thermosphere (∼200 km altitude), MAGE predicts up to 150% density enhancement near the second storm peak while standalone TIEGCM, NRLMSIS 2.0, and DTM‐2013 suggest only ∼50% increase. MAGE also suggests altitudinal, longitudinal, and latitudinal variability of storm‐time percentage density enhancement due to height dependent Joule heating deposition per unit mass, thermospheric circulation changes, and traveling atmospheric disturbances. This study demonstrates that a moderate storm can cause substantial density enhancement in the middle thermosphere. Thermospheric mass density strongly depends on the strength, timing, and location of high‐latitude energy input, which cannot be fully reproduced with empirical models. A physics‐based, fully coupled geospace model that can accurately resolve the high‐latitude energy input and its variability is critical to modeling the dynamic response of thermospheric neutral density during storm time.
Ketamine impairs growth cone and synaptogenesis in human GABAergic projection neurons via GSK-3β and HDAC6 signaling
Authors: Li Xuan , Saiyin Hexige , Chen Xinyu , Yu Qiong , Ma Lixiang , Liang Weimin
Published: November 2022

The growth cone guides the axon or dendrite of striatal GABAergic projection neurons that protrude into the midbrain and cortex and form complex neuronal circuits and synaptic networks in a developing brain, aberrant projections and synaptic connections in the striatum related to multiple brain disorders. Previously, we showed that ketamine, an anesthetic, reduced dendritic growth, dendritic branches, and spine density in human striatal GABAergic neurons. However, whether ketamine affects the growth cone, the synaptic connection of growing striatal GABAergic neurons has not been tested. Using human GABAergic projection neurons derived from human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ES) in vitro, we tested ketamine effects on the growth cones and synapses in developing GABAergic neurons by assessing the morphometry and the glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) and histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) pathway. Ketamine exposure impairs growth cone formation, synaptogenesis, dendritic development, and maturation via ketamine-mediated activation of GSK-3 pathways and inhibiting HDAC6, an essential stabilizing protein for dendritic morphogenesis and synapse maturation. Our findings identified a novel ketamine neurotoxic pathway that depends on GSK-3β and HDAC6 signaling, suggesting that microtubule acetylation is a potential target for reducing ketamine’s toxic effect on GABAergic projection neuronal development.
Connectomic neuromodulation for Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of invasive and non-invasive techniques
Authors: Cheyuo Cletus , Germann Jurgen , Yamamoto Kazuaki , Vetkas Artur , Loh Aaron , Sarica Can , Milano Vanessa , Zemmar Ajmal , Flouty Oliver , Harmsen Irene E. , Hodaie Mojgan , Kalia Suneil K. , Tang-Wai David , Lozano Andres M.
Published: November 2022

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) and non-invasive neuromodulation are currently being investigated for treating network dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, due to heterogeneity in techniques and targets, the cognitive outcome and brain network connectivity remain unknown. We performed a systematic review, meta-analysis, and normative functional connectivity to determine the cognitive outcome and brain networks of DBS and non-invasive neuromodulation in AD. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched using three concepts: dementia, brain connectome, and brain stimulation, with filters for English, human studies, and publication dates 1980–2021. Additional records from clinicaltrials.gov were added. Inclusion criteria were AD study with DBS or non-invasive neuromodulation and a cognitive outcome. Exclusion criteria were less than 3-months follow-up, severe dementia, and focused ultrasound intervention. Bias was assessed using Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence. We performed meta-analysis, with subgroup analysis based on type and age at neuromodulation. To determine the patterns of neuromodulation-induced brain network activation, we performed normative functional connectivity using rsfMRI of 1000 healthy subjects. Six studies, with 242 AD patients, met inclusion criteria. On fixed-effect meta-analysis, non-invasive neuromodulation favored baseline, with effect size −0.40(95% [CI], −0.73, −0.06, p = 0.02), while that of DBS was 0.11(95% [CI] −0.34, 0.56, p = 0.63), in favor of DBS. In patients ≥65 years old, DBS improved cognitive outcome, 0.95(95% [CI] 0.31, 1.58, p = 0.004), whereas in patients <65 years old baseline was favored, −0.17(95% [CI] −0.93, 0.58, p = 0.65). Functional connectivity regions were in the default mode (DMN), salience (SN), central executive (CEN) networks, and Papez circuit. The subgenual cingulate and anterior limb of internal capsule (ALIC) showed connectivity to all targets of neuromodulation. This meta-analysis provides level II evidence of a difference in response of AD patients to DBS, based on age at intervention. Brain stimulation in AD may modulate DMN, SN, CEN, and Papez circuit, with the subgenual cingulate and ALIC as potential targets.
Magnetic resonance imaging texture analysis to differentiate ameloblastoma from odontogenic keratocyst
Authors: Gomes João Pedro Perez , Ogawa Celso Massahiro , Silveira Rafael V. , Castellano Gabriela , De Rosa Catharina Simioni , Yasuda Clarissa Lin , Rocha André Caroli , Hasseus Bengt , Orhan Kaan , Braz-Silva Paulo Henrique , Costa Andre Luiz Ferreira
Published: November 2022

The differentiation between ameloblastoma (AB) and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is essential for the formulation of the surgical plan, especially considering the biological behavior of these two pathological entities. Therefore, developing means to increase the accuracy of the diagnostic process is extremely important for a safe treatment. The aim of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on texture analysis (TA) as an aid in differentiating AB from OKC. This study comprised 18 patients; eight patients with AB and ten with OKC. All diagnoses were determined through incisional biopsy and later through histological examination of the surgical specimen. MRI was performed using a 3 T scanner with a neurovascular coil according to a specific protocol. All images were exported to segmentation software in which the volume of interest (VOI) was determined by a radiologist, who was blind to the histopathological results. Next, the textural parameters were computed by using the MATLAB software. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between texture parameters and the selected variables. Differences in TA parameters were compared between AB and OKC by using the Mann–Whitney test. Mann–Whitney test showed a statistically significant difference between AB and OKC for the parameters entropy (P = 0.033) and sum average (P = 0.033). MRI texture analysis has the potential to discriminate between AB and OKC as a noninvasive method. MRI texture analysis can be an additional tool to differentiate ameloblastoma from odontogenic keratocyst.
The generalized ratios intrinsic dimension estimator
Authors: Denti Francesco , Doimo Diego , Laio Alessandro , Mira Antonietta
Published: November 2022

Modern datasets are characterized by numerous features related by complex dependency structures. To deal with these data, dimensionality reduction techniques are essential. Many of these techniques rely on the concept of intrinsic dimension (), a measure of the complexity of the dataset. However, the estimation of this quantity is not trivial: often, the depends rather dramatically on the scale of the distances among data points. At short distances, the can be grossly overestimated due to the presence of noise, becoming smaller and approximately scale-independent only at large distances. An immediate approach to examining the scale dependence consists in decimating the dataset, which unavoidably induces non-negligible statistical errors at large scale. This article introduces a novel statistical method, , that allows estimating the as an explicit function of the scale without performing any decimation. Our approach is based on rigorous distributional results that enable the quantification of uncertainty of the estimates. Moreover, our method is simple and computationally efficient since it relies only on the distances among data points. Through simulation studies, we show that is asymptotically unbiased, provides comparable estimates to other state-of-the-art methods, and is more robust to short-scale noise than other likelihood-based approaches.
Unified master equation for molecules in phonon and radiation baths
Authors: Ooi C. H. Raymond , Chia K. J. Cedric
Published: November 2022

We have developed a unified quantum optical master equation that includes the dissipative mechanisms of an impurity molecule in crystals. Our theory applies generally to polyatomic molecules where several vibrational modes give rise to intramolecular vibrational redistributions. The usual assumption on identical shapes of the nuclear potentials in ground and excited electronic states and the rotating wave approximation have been relaxed, i.e. the vibrational coordinates are different in the ground and excited states, with counter-rotating terms included for generality. Linear vibrational coupling to the lattice phonons accounts for dissipations via non-radiative transitions. The interaction of a molecule with photons includes Herzberg–Teller coupling as the first order non-Condon interaction where the transition dipole matrix elements depend linearly on vibrational coordinates. We obtain new cross terms as the result of mixing the terms from the zeroth-order (Condon) and first-order (non-Condon) approximations. The corresponding Lamb shifts for all Liouvilleans are derived explicitly including the contributions of counter-rotating terms. The computed absorption and emission spectra for carbon monoxide is in good agreement with experimental data. We use our unified model to obtain the spectra for nitrogen dioxide, demonstrating the capability of our theory to incorporate all typical dissipative relaxation and decoherence mechanisms for polyatomic molecules. The molecular quantum master equation is a promising theory for studying molecular quantum memory.
Prediction of severe thunderstorm events with ensemble deep learning and radar data
Authors: Guastavino Sabrina , Piana Michele , Tizzi Marco , Cassola Federico , Iengo Antonio , Sacchetti Davide , Solazzo Enrico , Benvenuto Federico
Published: November 2022

The problem of nowcasting extreme weather events can be addressed by applying either numerical methods for the solution of dynamic model equations or data-driven artificial intelligence algorithms. Within this latter framework, the most used techniques rely on video prediction deep learning methods which take in input time series of radar reflectivity images to predict the next future sequence of reflectivity images, from which the predicted rainfall quantities are extrapolated. Differently from the previous works, the present paper proposes a deep learning method, exploiting videos of radar reflectivity frames as input and lightning data to realize a warning machine able to sound timely alarms of possible severe thunderstorm events. The problem is recast in a classification one in which the extreme events to be predicted are characterized by a an high level of precipitation and lightning density. From a technical viewpoint, the computational core of this approach is an ensemble learning method based on the recently introduced value-weighted skill scores for both transforming the probabilistic outcomes of the neural network into binary predictions and assessing the forecasting performance. Such value-weighted skill scores are particularly suitable for binary predictions performed over time since they take into account the time evolution of events and predictions paying attention to the value of the prediction for the forecaster. The result of this study is a warning machine validated against weather radar data recorded in the Liguria region, in Italy.
EEG-based grading of immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome
Authors: Jones Daniel K. , Eckhardt Christine A. , Sun Haoqi , Tesh Ryan A. , Malik Preeti , Quadri Syed , Firme Marcos Santana , van Sleuwen Meike , Jain Aayushee , Fan Ziwei , Jing Jin , Ge Wendong , Nascimento Fábio A. , Sheikh Irfan S. , Jacobson Caron , Frigault Matthew , Kimchi Eyal Y. , Cash Sydney S. , Lee Jong Woo , Dietrich Jorg , Westover M. Brandon
Published: November 2022

CAR-T cell therapy is an effective cancer therapy for multiple refractory/relapsed hematologic malignancies but is associated with substantial toxicity, including Immune Effector Cell Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS). Improved detection and assessment of ICANS could improve management and allow greater utilization of CAR-T cell therapy, however, an objective, specific biomarker has not been identified. We hypothesized that the severity of ICANS can be quantified based on patterns of abnormal brain activity seen in electroencephalography (EEG) signals. We conducted a retrospective observational study of 120 CAR-T cell therapy patients who had received EEG monitoring. We determined a daily ICANS grade for each patient through chart review. We used visually assessed EEG features and machine learning techniques to develop the Visual EEG-Immune Effector Cell Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (VE-ICANS) score and assessed the association between VE-ICANS and ICANS. We also used it to determine the significance and relative importance of the EEG features. We developed the Visual EEG-ICANS (VE-ICANS) grading scale, a grading scale with a physiological basis that has a strong correlation to ICANS severity (R = 0.58 [0.47–0.66]) and excellent discrimination measured via area under the receiver operator curve (AUC = 0.91 for ICANS ≥ 2). This scale shows promise as a biomarker for ICANS which could help to improve clinical care through greater accuracy in assessing ICANS severity.
Graph theoretical analysis reveals the functional role of the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex in speech processing
Authors: Wang Shuai , Planton Samuel , Chanoine Valérie , Sein Julien , Anton Jean-Luc , Nazarian Bruno , Dubarry Anne-Sophie , Pallier Christophe , Pattamadilok Chotiga
Published: November 2022

The left ventral occipito-temporal cortex (left-vOT) plays a key role in reading. Interestingly, the area also responds to speech input, suggesting that it may have other functions beyond written word recognition. Here, we adopt graph theoretical analysis to investigate the left-vOT’s functional role in the whole-brain network while participants process spoken sentences in different contexts. Overall, different connectivity measures indicate that the left-vOT acts as an interface enabling the communication between distributed brain regions and sub-networks. During simple speech perception, the left-vOT is systematically part of the visual network and contributes to the communication between neighboring areas, remote areas, and sub-networks, by acting as a local bridge, a global bridge, and a connector, respectively. However, when speech comprehension is explicitly required, the specific functional role of the area and the sub-network to which the left-vOT belongs change and vary with the quality of speech signal and task difficulty. These connectivity patterns provide insightful information on the contribution of the left-vOT in various contexts of language processing beyond its role in reading. They advance our general understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the flexibility of the language network that adjusts itself according to the processing context.
Numerical simulation of roadway deformation and failure under different degrees of dynamic disturbance
Authors: Jia Ce , Li Sheng , Fan Chaojun , Rong Hai , Yang Lei , Pu Ziang
Published: November 2022

Deformation and failure of the roadway surrounding rock under dynamic disturbance were explored, which is essential for the control of the surrounding rock. The impact of dynamic disturbance on the deformation and failure of the roadway surrounding rock was studied from a single factor perspective using numerical simulation software. The disturbance intensity, frequency, and time were determined to affect the deformation and plastic zone of the surrounding rock. Firstly, a multi-factor integrated study was achieved using an orthogonal experimental design, and the impact of the three factors on the deformation and plastic zone of the surrounding rock were studied by applying mean value and extreme difference. The results show that the degree of influence of deformation of the roof is time > intensity > frequency in order. The impact of the plastic zone volume is intensity > frequency > time in order. Finally, a multivariate regression model was established using multiple regression analysis. TheP = 0 < 0.05 for the regression model is obtained by variance analysis, and the equation regression is significant, which can effectively predict the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock under dynamic disturbance.
CT radiomics to predict Deauville score 4 positive and negative Hodgkin lymphoma manifestations
Authors: Jensen Laura J. , Rogasch Julian M. M. , Kim Damon , Rießelmann Juliana , Furth Christian , Amthauer Holger , Hamm Bernd , Steffen Ingo G. , Elgeti Thomas , Nagel Sebastian N.
Published: November 2022

18F-FDG-PET/CT is standard to assess response in Hodgkin lymphoma by quantifying metabolic activity with the Deauville score. PET/CT, however, is time-consuming, cost-extensive, linked to high radiation and has a low availability. As an alternative, we investigated radiomics from non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NECT) scans. 75 PET/CT examinations of 43 patients on two different scanners were included. Target lesions were classified as Deauville score 4 positive (DS4+) or negative (DS4−) based on their SUVpeak and then segmented in NECT images. From these segmentations, 107 features were extracted with PyRadiomics. All further statistical analyses were then performed scanner-wise: differences between DS4+ and DS4− manifestations were assessed with the Mann–Whitney-U-test and single feature performances with the ROC-analysis. To further verify the reliability of the results, the number of features was reduced using different techniques. The feature median showed a high sensitivity for DS4+ manifestations on both scanners (scanner A: 0.91, scanner B: 0.85). It furthermore was the only feature that remained in both datasets after applying different feature reduction techniques. The feature median from NECT concordantly has a high sensitivity for DS4+ Hodgkin manifestations on two different scanners and thus could provide a surrogate for increased metabolic activity in PET/CT.