bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Favorable Changes in Fasting Glucose in a 6-month Self-Monitored Lifestyle Modification Programme Inversely Affects Spexin Levels in Females with Prediabetes
Authors: Al-Daghri Nasser M. , Wani Kaiser , Yakout Sobhy M. , Al-Hazmi Hazim , Amer Osama E. , Hussain Syed Danish , Sabico Shaun , Ansari Mohammed Ghouse Ahmed , Al-Musharaf Sara , Alenad Amal M. , Alokail Majed S. , Clerici Mario
Published: July 2019

Spexin (SPX) is a novel peptide thought to have a role in various metabolic regulations. Given its presumed body-weight regulatory functions, we aimed to determine whether lifestyle intervention programs on weight loss and fasting glucose (FG) improvement among people with impaired glucose regulation also alter levels of circulating SPX. A total of 160 Saudi adult males and females with prediabetes were randomly selected from a larger cohort (N = 294) who underwent a 6-month lifestyle modification program to improve their glycemic status. Participants were split into two groups based on differences in glucose levels post-intervention, with the first 50% (improved group) having the most significant reduction in FG. SPX was measured at baseline and after 6 months. Changes in SPX was significant only in the improved group [baseline: median (Q1–Q3) of 164 pg/ml (136–227) vs follow-up: 176 pg/ml (146–285); p < 0.01]. When stratified by sex, the significant increase was observed only in females [159 pg/ml (127–252) vs 182.5 (152,369.1); p < 0.01]. Furthermore, SPX levels showed a significant inverse association with FG (β = −0.22, p = 0.003) even after adjustment with age and BMI, again only in females. Circulating SPX levels increase over time in people with prediabetes, particularly women who responded favorably in a 6-month lifestyle intervention program. Whether an unknown mechanism regulating the sexual disparity seen in SPX levels post-intervention exists should be further investigated using a larger sample size.
Preparation of iron oxide mesoporous magnetic microparticles as novel multidrug carriers for synergistic anticancer therapy and deep tumor penetration
Authors: El-Boubbou Kheireddine , Ali Rizwan , Al-Zahrani Hajar , Trivilegio Thadeo , Alanazi Abdullah H. , Khan Abdul Latif , Boudjelal Mohamed , AlKushi Abdulmohsen
Published: July 2019

The preparation of mesoporous iron oxides with controllable physiochemical properties for effective therapeutic drug delivery remains a formidable challenge. Herein, iron oxide mesoporous magnetic microparticles (IO-MMMs) were prepared by a modified reverse hard-templating approach using, for the first time, acid-prepared mesoporous spheres (APMS) as the hard silica template. The obtained mesostructures exhibited remarkably high surface area and large pore volumes (SBET = 240 m2/g and Vpore = 0.55 cm3/g), controllable average sizes, generally uniform morphologies, and excellent biocompatibilities, allowing them to achieve optimal drug release in cancer cells and tumor tissues. IO-MMM carriers were able to co-load high amounts of hydrophilic chemotherapeutic drugs (Dox or Daun) and/or hydrophobic hormonal anticancer drugs (Tam), and release them sustainably in a pH-dependent manner, utilizing the fluorescence of Daun to real-time trace the intracellular drug distribution, and employing Daun/Tam to treat cancer by combined chemo/hormonal therapy. Cytotoxicity assays against different types of cancerous cells showed that the combinatory Daun/Tam@IO-MMM formulation significantly reduced the viability of metastatic MCF7 and KAIMRC1 breast as well as HCT8 colorectal cancer cells, with the least potency towards non-cancerous normal primary cells (up to 10-fold). Electron, flow, and live confocal microscopy imaging confirmed that the loaded vehicles were successfully and differentially uptaken by the different tested cells, gradually releasing their payloads, and causing apoptotic cell death. Importantly, compared to free drugs, Daun/Tam@IO-MMMs displayed enhanced drug accumulation in patient breast primary tumor tissues, deeply penetrating into the tumor region and killing the tumor cells inside. The designed carriers described here, thus, constitute a novel promising magnetic mesoporous smart system that entraps different kinds of drugs and release them in a controlled manner for combinatorial chemo/hormonal cancer theranostics. This multifactorial platform may open new avenues in cancer therapy as efficient synergistic antitumor system through overcoming limitations of conventional cancer therapy.
para-Sulphonato-calix[n]arene capped silver nanoparticles challenge the catalytic efficiency and the stability of a novel human gut serine protease inhibitor
Authors: Akermi Nizar , Mkaouar Hela , Kriaa Aicha , Jablaoui Amin , Soussou Souha , Gargouri Ali , Coleman Anthony W. , Perret Florent , Maguin Emmanuelle , Rhimi Moez
Published: July 2019

Eubacterium saburreumserpin from human gut microbiota inhibits the pancreatic elastase associated with pancreatitis, inhibition is strongly increased bypara-sulphonato-calix[8]arene silver nanoparticles.
Chemoselective probe for detailed analysis of ketones and aldehydes produced by gut microbiota in human samples
Authors: Conway Louis P. , Garg Neeraj , Lin Weifeng , Vujasinovic Miroslav , Löhr J.-Matthias , Globisch Daniel
Published: July 2019

New chemoselective method permits detection of 112 metabolic ketones and aldehydes in human samples due to significantly increased mass spectrometric sensitivity.
Entropic selectivity in air separation via a bilayer nanoporous graphene membrane
Authors: Wang Song , Dai Sheng , Jiang De-en
Published: July 2019

Molecular dynamics simulations show that controlling the pore size and the pore shape via the bilayer nanoporous graphene membrane provides a novel way to enhance entropic selectivity for air separation via tumbling motion of the oxygen molecule.
Physical, chemical and biological enhancement in X-ray nanochemistry
Authors: Guo Ting
Published: July 2019

Three categories of enhancement acting on the damage of a segment of a nuclear DNA molecule in the cell.
Development of MgCo2O4–BaCO3 composites as microwave catalysts for the highly effective direct decomposition of NO under excess O2 at a low temperature
Authors: Xu Wentao , Wang Qige , Peng Kang , Chen Fengtao , Han Xue , Wang Xianyou , Zhou Jicheng
Published: July 2019

The catalytic NO decomposition reaction is a hot research topic.
A Zr-Al-Beta zeolite with open Zr(iv) sites: an efficient bifunctional Lewis–Brønsted acid catalyst for a cascade reaction
Authors: Li Gang , Gao Lou , Sheng Zhizheng , Zhan Yulu , Zhang Chaoyang , Ju Jing , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi
Published: July 2019

A simple one-step strategy for the preparation of a bifunctional Zr-Al-Beta zeolite with external open Zr(iv) sites, showing high activity for the cascade reaction.
Solvent-free and rapid synthesis of mesoporous Pt–iron oxide catalysts via mechanochemical assembly
Authors: Zhou Min , Zhao Jiahua , Zhang Pengfei , Chen Nanqing , Yang Shize
Published: July 2019

Mechanochemical assembly enables the solvent-free construction of plentiful mesopores and highly dispersed Pt NPs in iron oxide catalysts.
Ultrahigh power factor and flexible silver selenide-based composite film for thermoelectric devices
Authors: Lu Yao , Qiu Yang , Cai Kefeng , Ding Yufei , Wang Mengdi , Jiang Cong , Yao Qin , Huang Changjun , Chen Lidong , He Jiaqing
Published: July 2019

A highly flexible Ag2Se based composite film on nylon with a record power factor is prepared for thermoelectric generators.
Tuning the catalytic performance for the semi-hydrogenation of alkynols by selectively poisoning the active sites of Pd catalysts
Authors: Mao Shanjun , Zhao Bowen , Wang Zhe , Gong Yutong , Lü Guofeng , Ma Xiao , Yu Lili , Wang Yong
Published: July 2019

Semi-hydrogenation of alkynols to alkenols with Pd-based catalysts is of great significance in fine chemical industries.
Determination of Zr isotopic ratios in zircons using laser-ablation multiple-collector inductively coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Wen , Wang Zaicong , Moynier Frédéric , Inglis Edward , Tian Shengyu , Li Ming , Liu Yongsheng , Hu Zhaochu
Published: July 2019

An in situ Zr isotopic analytical method for zircons was developed using LA-MC-ICP-MS to reveal the Zr stable isotope variation in the complex mineral crystallization history.
Automated “pick and transfer” of targeted cells using dielectrophoresis
Authors: Natu Rucha , Islam Monsur , Keck Devin , Martinez-Duarte Rodrigo
Published: July 2019

A highly specific and automated device is desired for selective manipulation of single cells. The device in this work picks cells based on their inherent properties using dielectrophoresis and automatically transfers those at a transfer site.
Release of reactive selenium species from phthalic selenoanhydride in the presence of hydrogen sulfide and glutathione with implications for cancer research
Authors: Kharma Ammar , Misak Anton , Grman Marian , Brezova Vlasta , Kurakova Lucia , Baráth Peter , Jacob Claus , Chovanec Miroslav , Ondrias Karol , Domínguez-Álvarez Enrique
Published: July 2019

The last decade has witnessed a renewed interest in selenium (Se) as an element able to prevent a range of illnesses in humans, mainly through supplementation.
The selectively regulated vapour phase dehydrogenation of 1,4-butanediol to γ-butyrolactone employing a copper-based ceria catalyst
Authors: Bhanushali Jayesh T. , Prasad Divya , Patil Komal N. , Babu Gurram Venkata Ramesh , Kainthla Itika , Rao Kamaraju Seetha Rama , Jadhav Arvind H. , Nagaraja Bhari Mallanna
Published: July 2019

Copper-based ceria catalysts were synthesized for the dehydrogenation of 1,4-BDO to GBL and results exhibited a conversion of 93% and 98% selectivity with stable activity for up to 7 h.
Fluorescence turn-on and turn-off sensing of pesticides by carbon dot-based sensor
Authors: Mandal Paulami , Sahoo Dibakar , Sarkar Priyatosh , Chakraborty Kaushik , Das Sukhen
Published: July 2019

Green chemistry C-Dot-based ‘turn-on’ and ‘turn-off’ fluorescence sensor for pesticides [imidacloprid (LOD ∼ 0.013 μM) and tetradifon (LOD ∼ 0.04 μM)] in aqueous solution.
New insights into Li diffusion in Li–Si alloys for Si anode materials: role of Si microstructures
Authors: Wang Guoqing , Xu Bo , Shi Jing , Wu Musheng , Su Haibin , Ouyang Chuying
Published: July 2019

The effect of Si microstructures on Li diffusion in Li–Si alloys was studied by using first-principles molecular dynamics calculations. The relationship between aggregation degree of Si and Li diffusion coefficients is established.
Polymerization of phenylacetylenes by binuclear rhodium catalysts with different para-binucleating phenoxyiminato linkages
Authors: Wu Xiaolu , Zhang Pengfei , Yang Zhi , Zhang Shaowen , Liu Hao , Chi Weijie , Li Xiaofang , Dong Yuping , Qiu Nannan , Yan Li
Published: July 2019

A binuclear rhodium catalyst 3b with a 2,5-phenyloxydiiminato linkage and an nbd ligand exhibits cooperative effects in terms of enhanced catalytic activity in the polymerization of phenylacetylene and its functional derivatives.
Alkylthiazole-based semicrystalline polymer donors for fullerene-free organic solar cells
Authors: Kim Junho , Kang Jinhyeon , Park Ye-Seul , Ahn Hyungju , Eom Seung Hun , Jang Sung-Yeon , Jung In Hwan
Published: July 2019

Three kinds of octylthiazole-based polymer donors were developed for fullerene-free organic solar cells and sizable crystallinity without molecular aggregation is critical to improving the efficiency and the thermal stability of the devices.
Metal-, photocatalyst-, and light-free late-stage C–H alkylation of N-heteroarenes with organotrimethylsilanes using persulfate as a stoichiometric oxidant
Authors: Dong Jianyang , Wang Xiaochen , Wang Zhen , Song Hongjian , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: July 2019

Minisci C–H alkylation of N-heteroarenes with readily available benzylsilanes and heteroatom substituted silanes was developed.
Facile synthesis of Camellia oleifera shell-derived hard carbon as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ma Beibei , Huang Yewei , Nie Zhenzhen , Qiu Xiaobin , Su Dawei , Wang Guoxiu , Yuan Jianmin , Xie Xiuqiang , Wu Zhenjun
Published: July 2019

Bio-waste Camellia oleifera shells (COS) are converted into porous carbon by a two-step method.
Highly effective transformation of methyl phenyl carbonate to diphenyl carbonate with recyclable Pb nanocatalyst
Authors: Wang Songlin , Niu Hongying , Wang Jianji , Chen Tong , Wang Gongying , Zhang Jiamin
Published: July 2019

PbO/MgO and PbO/ZrO2 with a high number of Lewis acid sites act as efficient catalysts for MPC disproportionation.
Living supramolecular polymerization based on reversible deactivation of a monomer by using a ‘dummy’ monomer
Authors: Fukui Tomoya , Sasaki Norihiko , Takeuchi Masayuki , Sugiyasu Kazunori
Published: July 2019

New method of living supramolecular polymerization is demonstrated. Spontaneous nucleation of a reactive monomer is suppressed by using a ‘dummy’ monomer. Addition of seeds can initiate supramolecular polymerization in a chain-growth manner.
Relayed hyperpolarization from para-hydrogen improves the NMR detectability of alcohols
Authors: Rayner Peter J. , Tickner Ben. J. , Iali Wissam , Fekete Marianna , Robinson Alastair D. , Duckett Simon B.
Published: July 2019

NMR signal strength improvements delivered through hyperpolarisation via para-hydrogen enable the facile detection of alcohols.
Gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 and other neutrophil proteases switch off interleukin-2 activity
Authors: Rybakin Vasily , Stas Melissa , Ugarte-Berzal Estefania , Noppen Sam , Vandooren Jennifer , Van Aelst Ilse , Liekens Sandra , Proost Paul , Opdenakker Ghislain
Published: July 2019

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is critical for T cell development and homeostasis, being a key regulator of adaptive immune responses in autoimmunity, hypersensitivity reactions and cancer. Therefore, its abundance in serum and peripheral tissues needs tight control. Here, we described a new mechanism contributing to the immunobiology of IL-2. We demonstrated, both in biochemical and cell-based assays, that IL-2 is subject to proteolytic processing by neutrophil matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). IL-2 fragments produced after cleavage by MMP-9 remained linked by a disulfide bond and displayed a reduced affinity for all IL-2 receptor subunits and a distinct pattern and timing of signal transduction. Stimulation of IL-2-dependent cells, including murine CTLL-2 and primary human regulatory T cells, with cleaved IL-2 resulted in significantly decreased proliferation. The concerted action of neutrophil proteases destroyed IL-2. Our data suggest that in neutrophil-rich inflammatory conditions in vivo, neutrophil MMP-9 may reduce the abundance of signaling-competent IL-2 and generate a fragment that competes with IL-2 for receptor binding, whereas the combined activity of granulocyte proteases has the potential to degrade and thus eliminate bioavailable IL-2.
Overexpressed vascular endothelial growth factor in adipose derived stem cells attenuates fibroblasts and skin injuries by ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Xie Xiaoyuan , Wang Yina , Xia Yue , Mao Yueping
Published: July 2019

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contribute to the healing of wound. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of VEGF produced by ADSCs in the protection of fibroblasts and skin of mice from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. ADSCs and fibroblasts were extracted from adipose and skin on the abdomen of mice by enzyme digestion methods. ADSCs surface markers were detected using flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence was used to identify fibroblasts. The expression of VEGF in modified ADSCs with lentivirus was determined. Fibroblasts were injured by UV radiation and co-cultured with ADSCs carrying overexpressed VEGF or normal VEGF. Cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. Mice were treated with UV radiation dorsally and injected with ADSCs containing overexpressed VEGF or normal VEGF. mRNA and protein levels of cell senescence-related genes were measured by qPCR and western blot. It was found that ADSCs with overexpressed VEGF not only promoted the effect of ADSCs on down-regulating senescence-associated (SA)-β-Gal, p21 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, the healing of wound injured by UV radiation and up-regulating collagen I expression in fibroblasts and wound, but also on inhibiting cell cycle arrest in fibroblasts injured by UV radiation and preventing the skin from photoaging caused by UV radiation. VEGF expression in ADSCs played a key role in protecting skin fibroblasts from ageing, which further allowed the skin to resist photoaging, thereby promoting the recovery of wound injured by UV radiation.
Noise Exposure and Background Noise Tolerance in Listeners With Normal Audiograms
Authors: Camera Sarah , Tufts Jennifer , Skoe Erika
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Tolerance for background noise when listening to speech has been found to vary greatly between individuals, despite clinically similar audiograms. Recent work suggests that listeners at risk for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) self-report greater annoyance of background sounds compared with listeners at lower risk for NIHL. To date, the relationship between noise exposure levels and background noise tolerance has not been studied using objective noise exposure level measurements and quantitative (i.e., not questionnaire-based) background noise tolerance measures.

Method

Acceptable Noise Level (ANL;
Nabelek, Tucker, & Letowski, 1991
) scores and week-long noise dosimetry measurements were obtained for 56 normal-hearing college students, 22 of whom were routinely exposed to levels of noise that exceed recommended exposure limits (higher risk). The remaining 34 participants did not exceed recommended exposure limits (lower risk).

Results

The lower risk group's average daily noise dose was 26%, whereas the higher risk group accrued an average daily noise dose of 461%. The lower risk group was found to be more tolerant of background noise than the higher risk group, with mean ANL scores of 3.1 dB and 5.4 dB signal-to-noise ratio, respectively. A small but statistically significant relationship between ANL and noise dose was found, indicating that higher levels of noise exposure were associated with lower background noise tolerance.

Conclusions

Results suggest that young adults at higher risk for NIHL based on objective noise exposure data have a slightly lower tolerance for background noise when listening to speech. These findings open avenues for future work on background noise tolerance in more diverse noise-exposed populations.
Longitudinal Development of Wideband Absorbance and Admittance Through Infancy
Authors: Myers Joshua , Kei Joseph , Aithal Sreedevi , Aithal Venkatesh , Driscoll Carlie , Khan Asaduzzaman , Manuel Alehandrea , Joseph Anjali , Malicka Alicja N.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

The aim of this article was to study the normal longitudinal development of wideband absorbance and admittance measures through infancy.

Method

Two hundred one infants who passed the newborn hearing screen (automated auditory brainstem response) were tested at birth and then followed up at approximately 6, 12, and 18 months of age. Most infants were of either White (86%) or Asian (11%) descent. At each test session, infants passed tympanometry and distortion product otoacoustic emission tests. High-frequency (1000-Hz) tympanometry was used at birth and 6 months of age, and low-frequency (226-Hz) tympanometry was used at 12 and 18 months of age. Wideband pressure reflectance was also measured at each session and analyzed in terms of absorbance, admittance at the probe tip, and admittance normalized for differences in ear canal area. Multilevel hierarchical models were fitted to the absorbance and admittance data to investigate for effects of age, ear side, gender, ethnicity, and frequency.

Results

There were considerable age effects on wideband absorbance and admittance measurements over the first 18 months of life. The most dramatic changes occurred between birth and 6 months of age, and there were significant differences between all age groups in the 3000- to 4000-Hz region. There were significant ethnicity effects that were substantial for certain combinations of ethnicity, age, and frequency (e.g., absorbance at 6000 Hz at 12 months of age).

Conclusion

There are large developmental effects on wideband absorbance and admittance measures through infancy. For absorbance, we recommend separate reference data be used at birth, 6 months of age, and 12–18 months of age. For admittance (both normalized and at the probe tip), we advise using separate normative regions for each age group (neonates and 6, 12, and 18 months).
Phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from the Ankarana tsingy of northern Madagascar: inventory and description of new taxa
Authors: Blavier Antoine , Laroche Laetitia , Randrianambinintsoa Fano José , Lucas Vincent , Gantier Jean-Charles , Léger Nicole , Robert Vincent , Depaquit Jérôme
Published: July 2019

An inventory of Phlebotomine sandflies was carried out in the Ankarana tsingy located in far northern Madagascar. A total of 723 sandflies were used for morphological, morphometric, and molecular studies (sequencing of partial cytochrome B (mtDNA) and partial 28S (rDNA)). Nine species were identified: Phlebotomus fertei, Sergentomyia anka, Se. sclerosiphon, Se. goodmani, two species of the genus Grassomyia, as well as three new species described herein: Se. volfi n. sp., Se. kaltenbachi n. sp., and Se. ozbeli n. sp. The recognition of these new species is strongly supported by molecular analyses. The first two of the new species could not be classified into any existing subgenus, therefore we proposed two new subgenera (Ranavalonomyia subg. nov., and Riouxomyia subg. nov.), with combinations as: Sergentomyia (Ranavalonomyia) volfi and Sergentomyia (Riouxomyia) kaltenbachi. Our study reveals important molecular variability in Se. anka, with the recognition of a population whose taxonomic status remains below that of species. Our research confirms the need to further study the specific diversity of Malagasy sandflies, which until the start of this millennium remained mostly unknown.
Effects of thorium on paddy soil enzymes and microbial diversity
Authors: Zhu Z.
Published: July 2019

We conducted an experiment to investigate the effects of 232Th on soil enzymes and microbial diversity in soils. Under each treatment, elevated 232Th obviously inhibited the activity of soil enzymes such as urease (UR), dehydrogenase (DH), catalase (CAT), phosphatase (PHO) and aryl sulfatase (AS). In each treatment, Proteobacteria was the most dominant flora followed by Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria. Pseudomonas sp. was the dominant strain. This study might provide the preliminary analysis of soil enzymes and microbial diversity in Th contaminated soils.
Association Between Levels of Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I and
Functional Recovery, Mortality, and Recurrent Stroke at a 7-year
Follow-up
Authors: Åberg N. David , Åberg Daniel , Lagging Cecilia , Holmegaard Lukas , Redfors Petra , Jood Katarina , Nilsson Michael , Åberg Maria , Blomstrand Christian , Svensson Johan , Jern Christina , Isgaard Jörgen
Published: July 2019

Background The association of serum insulin-like growth factor I
(s-IGF-I) with favorable outcome after ischemic stroke (IS) beyond 2 years is
unknown. We investigated whether the levels of s-IGF-I 3 months post-stroke were
associated with functional recovery up to 7 years after IS, considering also
mortality and recurrent strokes.

Methods Patients (N=324; 65% males; mean age, 55 years)
with s-IGF-I levels assessed 3 months after the index IS were included from the
Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke (SAHLSIS). The modified Rankin
Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate outcomes at 3 months, 2 and 7 years after IS,
and recovery was defined as an improvement, no change, or deterioration in the
shifts of mRS score. Baseline stroke severity was determined using the National
Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).

Results The mRS score distributions were better in the above-median
s-IGF-I group (>146.7 ng/ml). The s-IGF-I level was not
associated with recurrent stroke (N=79) or death (N=44),
although it correlated with recovery (r=0.12, P=0.035). In the
regression analysis, s-IGF-I associated with recovery between 3 months and 7
years (but not between 2 and 7 years). The associations did not withstand
adjustment for age and sex. For comparison, the corresponding associations
between 3 months and 2 years withstood all adjustments.

Conclusion The association for s-IGF-I with long-term post-stroke
recovery persists after 7 years, which is also reflected in the mRS score
distributions at all time-points. The effects are however modest, and not driven
by mortality or recurrent stroke.
Welche Bedeutung hat die Syndesmosenverletzung bei Weber-B-Frakturen?1
Authors: Wiebking Ulrich , Kohake Michael , Krettek Christian , Gaulke Ralph
Published: July 2019

Während Weber-C-Frakturen definitionsgemäß mit einer Verletzung der Syndesmose einhergehen, zeigen einige Studien, dass Weber-B-Frakturen mit Beteiligung der Syndesmose, bei adäquater Therapie mittels fibulotibialer Stellschraube, gleich gute klinische Ergebnisse aufweisen können wie solche ohne Syndesmosenverletzung. Aktuelle eigene Erhebungen zum klinischen und radiologischen Outcome bei isolierten Frakturen des Außenknöchels vom Typ Weber B mit oder ohne behandelte Syndesmosenverletzung bestätigen dies. Das Schmerzniveau, die klinischen Ergebnisse und die Röntgenaufnahmen zeigten keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen. Weber-B-Frakturen mit Ruptur der Syndesmose zeigten nur eine signifikante, aber klinisch nicht relevante Einschränkung der Dorsalextension im Vergleich zu denen mit intakter Syndesmose (15 vs. 20˚, p = 0,028). Schlussfolgerung: Die Ruptur der fibulotibialen Syndesmose beeinflusst die klinischen und radiologischen Outcome-Parameter nach Weber-B-Sprunggelenksfrakturen bei adäquater Behandlung mit einer fibulotibialen Stellschraube nicht.
Sjögren-Syndrom bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Haas Johannes-Peter
Published: July 2019

Das Sjögren-Syndrom ist bei jungen Erwachsenen eine seltene, jedoch oft zu spät erkannte Autoimmunopathie. Es manifestiert sich als primäres juveniles Sjögren-Syndrom (jSS) oder im Rahmen anderer Autoimmunerkrankungen als sekundäres jSS. Die Klinik weicht in einigen Aspekten von der des SS beim Adulten ab. Differenzialdiagnosen sind andere Formen der Parotitis, die bei Kindern und Jugendlichen häufiger vorkommen. Schwere systemische Verläufe eines jSS und selbst die Entwicklung von B-Zell-Lymphomen werden jedoch auch bei jungen Patienten beobachtet. Daher sollte auch bei Jugendlichen mit entsprechenden Erstsymptomen an ein jSS gedacht und eine entsprechende Diagnostik veranlasst werden. Patienten mit einem jSS bedürfen einer regelmäßigen kinderrheumatologischen Betreuung.
Setting Up a Pediatric Sleep Lab
Authors: Krishna Jyoti , Omlor Gregory J.
Published: July 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs in a significant proportion of children and adolescents and requires a sleep study to diagnose the condition. However, there are relatively few sleep laboratories that serve this population. Consequently, this means sleep studies are not done in a timely manner, and many of these patients do not get studies performed when indicated. Building new pediatric-focused sleep laboratories or expanding service in an adult-focused laboratory to children can help overcome this barrier.

The decision to build or modify an existing sleep laboratory for children brings many considerations that are different than for adults. The location of the laboratory is partially determined by the need for the presence of a sleep technologist. Whether they are done in the community or a hospital will be affected by the patient's medical complexity. The design of the sleep laboratory can also be influenced by the presence of children. All children, under 18 years of age, will require a parent to sleep in the room with them. Safety will also be impacted. For example, electric outlets need to be protected, furniture should be child safe, and transportation to emergency facilities must be managed. In addition, service to children also raises technical issues. They require different types of leads and smaller equipment and the software must meet required pediatric specifications. The staff must understand pediatric developmental, social, and medical needs. It is also critical that they have a desire to work with children.

This article is written to assist the reader in building a sleep laboratory with the pediatric patient in mind.
Children with Upper Airway Dysfunction: At Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Sisniega Carlos , Katwa Umakanth
Published: July 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by prolonged partial upper airway obstruction or intermittent complete obstruction that disrupts normal ventilation during sleep and alters normal sleep patterns. Patients with obstructive sleep apnea tend to develop neurocognitive, cardiovascular, behavioral, attention issues, and poor academic performance. Therefore, it is essential to diagnose and treat obstructive sleep apnea early and avoid significant and long-lasting adverse outcomes. Most commonly, upper airway obstruction is caused by enlarged lymphoid tissues within the upper airway, and therefore adenotonsillectomy is considered as the first-line treatment of obstructive sleep apnea in children. Fifty to 70% of patients who have obstructive sleep apnea and treated by surgery are not entirely cured on follow-up polysomnography. In light of this, it is recommended that patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea undergo a thorough evaluation, and all potential risk factors are identified and treated. The purpose of this review is to familiarize pediatricians with developmental, anatomical, and physiological risk factors involved in the development of obstructive sleep apnea. Additionally, we will present an array of evaluation techniques that can offer adequate assessment of the patient's upper airway anatomy and physiology.
Pressure and flux-approximation to the isentropic relativistic Euler equations for modified Chaplygin gas
Authors: Yang Hanchun , Zhang Yu
Published: July 2019

The formation of delta shock waves and vacuum states in solutions to the isentropic relativistic Euler equations for modified Chaplygin gas is analyzed as the double-parameter pressure and the triple-parameter flux approximation vanish, respectively. The Riemann problems under pressure perturbation and flux approximation are analytically solved. Then, it is shown that as the pressure and flux approximation, respectively, vanish, any two-shock Riemann solution tends to a delta-shock solution to the pressureless relativistic Euler equations, and the intermediate density between the two shocks tends to a weighted δ-measure that forms a delta shock wave; any two-rarefaction Riemann solution tends to a two-contact-discontinuity solution to the pressureless relativistic Euler equations, and the nonvacuum intermediate state in between tends to a vacuum state. Especially in the process of three parameters decreasing, a U-shaped pseudo-vacuum state appears in solutions to the flux-approximation system.
Orbital stability of standing waves for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with attractive delta potential and double power repulsive nonlinearity
Authors: Angulo Pava Jaime , Hernández Melo César A. , Plaza Ramón G.
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a nonlinear Schrödinger equation with an attractive (focusing) delta potential and a repulsive (defocusing) double power nonlinearity in one spatial dimension is considered. It is shown, via explicit construction, that both standing wave and equilibrium solutions do exist for certain parameter regimes. In addition, it is proved that both types of wave solutions are orbitally stable under the flow of the equation by minimizing the charge/energy functional.
Structural evolution in liquid GaIn eutectic alloy under high temperature and pressure
Authors: Yu Q. , Su Y. , Wang X. D. , Ståhl K. , Glazyrin K. , Liermann H. P. , Franz H. , Cao Q. P. , Zhang D. X. , Jiang J. Z.
Published: July 2019

The structural evolution of a liquid GaIn eutectic alloy under high temperature and high pressure is investigated by combining in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Both experimental and theoretical results confirm that no pressure-induced sudden structural changes are detected in the liquid state along different isotherms below 700 K. The XRD patterns indicate that the liquids at 400 and 673 K both crystallize into a tetragonal crystalline phase under high pressure, whose structure is locally face centered cubic (fcc)-like. The theoretical simulations successfully describe the atomic-scale structural evolution from disordered liquid to ordered solid phases during the isothermal compression at different temperatures, revealing a strong competition between the body-centered cubic (bcc)-like and fcc-like local atomic packings at the early stage of nucleation. The liquid can directly solidify into the bcc-like atomic packing at temperatures above 650 K, whereas this bcc-like structure becomes transient and metastable below 600 K and finally transforms into a stable fcc-like atomic packing with increasing pressure. Furthermore, a high-pressure and high-temperature “phase diagram” of the GaIn eutectic alloy is roughly constructed, providing new insight into atomic-scale disorder-to-order transition of the liquid GaIn eutectic alloy in extreme conditions.
Neural adaptation to faces reveals racial outgroup homogeneity effects in early perception
Authors: Hughes Brent L. , Camp Nicholas P. , Gomez Jesse , Natu Vaidehi S. , Grill-Spector Kalanit , Eberhardt Jennifer L.
Published: July 2019

A hallmark of intergroup biases is the tendency to individuate members of one’s own group but process members of other groups categorically. While the consequences of these biases for stereotyping and discrimination are well-documented, their early perceptual underpinnings remain less understood. Here, we investigated the neural mechanisms of this effect by testing whether high-level visual cortex is differentially tuned in its sensitivity to variation in own-race versus other-race faces. Using a functional MRI adaptation paradigm, we measured White participants’ habituation to blocks of White and Black faces that parametrically varied in their groupwise similarity. Participants showed a greater tendency to individuate own-race faces in perception, showing both greater release from adaptation to unique identities and increased sensitivity in the adaptation response to physical difference among faces. These group differences emerge in the tuning of early face-selective cortex and mirror behavioral differences in the memory and perception of own- versus other-race faces. Our results suggest that biases for other-race faces emerge at some of the earliest stages of sensory perception.
Long noncoding RNA EMS connects c-Myc to cell cycle control and tumorigenesis
Authors: Wang Chenfeng , Yang Yang , Zhang Guang , Li Jingxin , Wu Xianning , Ma Xiaoling , Shan Ge , Mei Yide
Published: July 2019

Deregulated expression of c-Myc is an important molecular hallmark of cancer. The oncogenic function of c-Myc has been largely attributed to its intrinsic nature as a master transcription factor. Here, we report the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) E2F1 messenger RNA (mRNA) stabilizing factor (EMS) as a direct c-Myc transcriptional target. EMS functions as an oncogenic molecule by promoting G1/S cell cycle progression. Mechanistically, EMS cooperates with the RNA binding protein RALY to stabilize E2F1 mRNA, and thereby increases E2F1 expression. Furthermore, EMS is able to connect c-Myc to cell cycle control and tumorigenesis via modulating E2F1 mRNA stability. Together, these findings reveal a previously unappreciated mechanism through which c-Myc induces E2F1 expression and also implicate EMS as an important player in the regulation of c-Myc function.
Characterizing round spheres using half-geodesics
Authors: Adelstein Ian M. , Schmidt Benjamin
Published: July 2019

Significance

How does one know when a sphere is perfectly round, as opposed to just slightly misshapen? What if this sphere does not live in our usual 3D world, but is instead
n
-dimensional? We provide geometric conditions sufficient to guarantee that a sphere of arbitrary dimension is round. This question has been widely studied, and our paper adds to the many previous characterizations of round spheres.
Q-adjectives in Mandarin and the interpretation of nominal phrases
Authors: Hsieh I-Ta Chris
Published: July 2019

In Mandarin, predicative quantity adjectives (henceforth, Q-adjectives; e.g.,duō‘many’ andshăo‘few ’; henceforth, predicative Q-adjectives), but not ordinary adjectives (e.g.,cōngmi̇́ng‘smart’), may influence the interpretation of the nominals they are predicates of; while the Mandarin counterpart ofspeaking of the students one taught, Zhangsan manycan (and only can) mean that the students that Zhangsan taught are many, that ofspeaking of the students one taught, Zhangsan smartcan only mean that Zhangsan, but not the student/s that Zhangsan taught, is/are smart. This paper is to show how this previously unnoticed contrast may be accounted for in current theories of degree syntax and semantics. The proposal is couched onSolt’s (2015)analysis of Q-adjectives, according to which measurement of cardinality is introduced via a covert functional head rather than the Q-adjectivesper se.The main idea is that in Mandarin the covert functional head that introduces measurement of cardinality semantically encodes a contextually provided function from individuals to individuals. Crucially, although the content of this function is context-dependent, various syntactic and semantic factors may be at play.
Cooking Curries for change: four desi food blogs in the UK, cyberactivism, & the transnational public sphere
Authors: Gupta Sukanya
Published: July 2019

This paper focuses on four popular UK based, desi food blogs by Anjali Pathak, Hari Ghotra, Mallika Basu, and Chintal Kakaya, who are ambassadors of the global justice charity Find Your Feet’s (FYF) ‘Curry for Change’ (CFC) campaign. Reconfiguring and challenging geographical parameters and national boundaries, the bloggers team up with FYF to help fight hunger in African and Asian rural communities. Using the Internet as a platform to create awareness about the charity, the blogs share recipes and meal plans for dinner parties hosted in honour of the charity and invite the public to fundraising events. Concerned with human rights, these bloggers affect social change by empowering individuals and communities to participate in civic engagement, and occasionally to even challenge unfair government policies/ practices. The blogs’ efficacy can also be measured through the funds raised, the public attention they receive from channels such as Indian food network and London Live, local/regional newspapers such as the London Evening Standard, and magazines like India’s Complete Wellbeing Magazine. Food blogs that actively contribute to global justice movements cannot be seen as domestic reflections or exercises in nostalgia anymore. Referring to Habermas’s notion of the public sphere and Nancy Fraser’s concept of the transnational public sphere, I examine these food blogs as transnational public spheres. Based on textual analysis of blog entries related specifically to the CFC campaign and an examination of FYF’s annual reviews, this paper examines how these food blogs have expanded in form and function by engaging in cyberactivism.
Synthesis and characterization of Ni-promoted zirconia pillared bentonite
Authors: Mirzan M , Wijaya K , Falah I I , Trisunaryanti W
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was synthesis a catalyst applied to the cracking reaction and to characterize its physical-chemical properties. The catalyst is a zirconia-pillared bentonite with Nickel as a support metal (promotor). The catalyst is synthesized by pillarization bentonite with ZrOCl2•8H2O as a pillaring agent and then a calcination process for obtaining a zirconia pillared bentonit (ZrO2-bentonite). To obtain a catalyst with good cracking and hydrogenation activity, nickel metal (2% w/w) impregnation was performed using Ni(NO3)2•6H2O precursors. The next step is calcination and reduction to obtain a zirconia-pillared bentonite catalyst with Ni as a support metal (Ni/ZrO2-bentonite). To know the physical-chemical properties was characterized by XRF, XRD, acid properties test using ammonia absorption technique, FTIR and BET. The characterization results with XRF showed an increase of nickel metal content after impregnation process of 6.45%. The acidity assay with ammonia absorption technique showed an increase in the acid properties of the catalyst sample after pillarization and impregnation of 7.580 mmol/g. Analysis of sample diffraction patterns with XRD shows typical montmorillonite peaks still visible but shifts toward an angle of 2θ < 5°. Analysis of functional groups of catalyst with FTIR showed characteristic for Brǿnsted acid at wave number 1635.64 cm-1 after impregnation with nickel metal. Surface area analysis results show an increase in specific surface area after pillarization and impregnation of 96.307 m2/g.
XRD and XRF characterization of white sand from Sambera Village, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Muliawan A , Sali M , Mustakyudin  , Lutfi M
Published: July 2019

Characteristic of sand at Sambera village based on crystallography using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence methods was discussed in this article. This research aims to determine the concentration of quartz based on two specimens obtained from two different places at Sambera village. The metal test on quartz sand with XRD method (X-Ray 0.15406 nm) revealed that the scatter angle at 2θ are 26.73210 and 26.73130 with crystal width of each location are 1.81085 nm and 1.03421 nm. While the XRF test revealed that the concentration of quartz are 79.1 % and 79.5 %. The Aluminium concentration are 14.9 % and 15.2 % respectively. The result revealed that the sand of Sambera village has potential to be used as quartz material and aluminum.
Donor acceptor ratio effect on P3HT:PCBM nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic device performance
Authors: Ulum M S , Sesa E , Nismayanti A , Belcher W
Published: July 2019

The Effect of blending ratio between Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as donor electron and phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) on Nanoparticulate Organic Photovoltaic has been investigated. A series of P3HT:PCBM nanoparticle dispersions with blending ratio by mass of P3HT:PCBM 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 were prepared as an active layer of nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices. The highest efficiency of booth pre-annealed and annealed P3HT:PCBM nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic devices is at blending ratio of 1:1. The highest efficiency was driven by the highest current density (Jsc) and the highest fill factor (FF) indicating that optimal balance between charge generation and charge transport occurred at blending ratio of 1:1.
Forming of absorption band from yellow cane (Sacharum Officindrum) carbonized using Fourier Transformation Infra-Red (FTIR)
Authors: Fajrah M C , Mirnawati F
Published: July 2019

The absorption band has been made from the yellow sugar cane by the Infrared Spectra Fourier Transformation (FTIR). This research was conducted to determine the absorption band formed at wave number with the method of coating at temperature of 350 °C and method of coagulation at temperature of 500°C, 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C. Characterization of the yellow sugar cane absorption tape is used by FTIR. From the results for very special Si-O bonds appear at 700 °C and 800°C at 470.63 cm−1 to 1118.71 cm−1 and absorbtion 9%- 11%.
Carbon assimilation by Polyalthea Longifolia plant located In air polluted area
Authors: Suryani S , Sumah A S W
Published: July 2019

In the city of Makassar, Polyalthea Longifolia plant is used as one of the plants absorbing CO2. Towering form, leaves lush and green despite the dry season it is interesting to be used as an ornamental plant roadside. CO2 is one of the greenhouse gases, and it is the main element of the photosynthesis process, that is the reason we use plants as a tool to reduce air pollution. The beauty of Polyalthea Logifolia plant as an ornamental plant roadside and as an absorber CO2 are the main reasons to put it along the highway, but we observed the ability of leaf in absorbing CO2 was only less than 1 %.
Strong luminescence carbon nanodots by green synthesis based microwave assisted from fruit peel
Authors: Fatimah S , Isnaeni  , Abdullah B , Tahir D
Published: July 2019

Green synthesis carbon nanodots (CDs) based microwave assisted in fruit peels, orange and banana peel, was performed using the green synthesis based microwave assisted. The existence of CDs evidenced by results of photoluminescence, the absorbance of Ultraviolet-Visible light, and molecular bonds with Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR ) spectroscopy. Synthesized CDs of fruit peel has a strong luminescence with absorbance wavelengths 286 nm and 319 nm from orange peel and 284 nm from banana peel which indicated luminescence of CNs dominated from the surface state. This results supported by PL data that shows the wavelength intensity of CDs orange peel at 498 nm and CDs banana peel at 501 nm . The advantages of green synthesis based microwave assisted are CDs particle stable and homogeneous. This means the method applied here efficiently for synthesis CDs from fruit peel.
Community behavior and single-use plastic bottle consumption
Authors: Khoironi A , Anggoro S , Sudarno S
Published: July 2019

Since plastic is considered as environmentally hazardous material, various programs aimed at educating the community on the impact of plastics pollution and consumption have been continuously conducted. Furthermore, the relationship between culture and community behavior regarding single-use plastic bottle consumption is important to be investigated for mitigating plastics pollution. The purpose of the current research was to investigate the quantity of single-use polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based plastic bottles are used daily and how communities are managing them in the waste stream. The data was collected from the family members of 100 households of various educational, social, economic, age, and lifestyle backgrounds. About seven local companies that work in plastic waste collection were also important participants in the data collection regarding plastics consumption. The study showed that almost 80 % of households reported one to four single-use plastic bottles consumed each day while the remaining 20 % used more than four single-use plastics bottles daily. From 88 respondents, only 10 % separated plastic bottles in their trash disposal. The result also showed that the increasing use of single-use plastic bottles are highly influenced by the behavior of the local community in plastics consumption and waste management.
Effectiveness the source of nitrogen from NO3 and NH4 for Panicum maximum Jacq. growth in saline soil
Authors: Purbajanti E D , Adinurani P G , Turkadze T , Vincēviča-Gaile Z , Setyobudi R H
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the source of nitrogen used by Panicum maximum Jacq. plants in salt soil. Experimenting pots in a greenhouse with a medium of saline soil. The 2 × 3 factorial design is used in repeated trials. The first factor is calcium sulfate (0 and 2 t ha−1), the second factor is N fertilizer includes (a) without nitrogen = N0, (b) 60 kg N of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and (c) 60 kg N of ammonium sulfate (NH4SO4). The parameters observed were nitrogen uptake, constant growth rate (CGR), biomass yield, crude protein content, NDF, and ADF. The interaction of calcium sulfate and nitrate fertilizer increases CGR, biomass yield, N, CP and NDF uptake. Interaction calcium sulfate and ammonium fertilizer increase CGR, biomass yield, N uptake, CP, and ADF.