bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FİNANSAL SIKINTININ MUHASEBE MANİPÜLASYONU İLE İLİŞKİSİ: BİST GELİŞEN İŞLETMELER PİYASASI'NDA BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Seyhan , YILMAZ Cihan
Published: May 2019

Yapay
fiyat ya da yapay piyasa oluşturma olarak da ifade edilen muhasebe
manipülasyonu; finansal bilgi kullanıcılarının işletmenin finansal durumu ve faaliyet
sonuçları üzerindeki algılarını etkilemeye yönelik olarak yapılmaktadır. Bu
durumda en önemli finansal bilgi kullanıcısı olan yatırımcılar, manipülasyonun
en önemli hedefi durumunda kalmaktadır. Yöneticiler, muhasebe manipülasyonu ile
yatırımcıların zihinlerinde iyimser bir “kar beklentisi” yaratmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Öte yandan finansal sıkıntı; işletmelerin nakit akışının mevcut
yükümlülüklerini karşılama konusunda yetersiz olması durumunu anlatmaktadır. Bu
kavram son aşaması iflas olmak üzere; işletmeleri çeşitli olumsuzluklara sürükleyen
bir süreci ifade etmektedir. Dolayısıyla birçok olumsuzluklara sebebiyet veren
bu durumların tahminine yönelik modellerin geliştirilmesi işletmelerin
zamanında önlem alabilmesine ve önünü görmesine olanak sağlayacağından, büyük
önem arz etmektedir. Bu noktada muhasebe bazlı manipülasyon tahmin
modellerinden Beneish M skoru; finansal sıkıntı tahmin modellerinden Altman Z
skoru ele alınmıştır. Bu çerçevede yapılan çalışmada amaç; BİST Gelişen
İşletmeler Piyasası’nda işlem gören 17 şirket bağlamında; Altman Z-Skoru ile Beneish
M-Skoru arasındaki ilişkinin varlığını tespit etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda
yapılan uygulama sonucu; elde edilen verilere göre; finansal sıkıntı ve
muhasebe manipülasyonu arasında güçlü bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
TÜRK DÜNYASINDA SAĞLIK TURİZMİ
Authors: ÇİMEN Hürriyet
Published: May 2019

Sağlık
turizmi, gelir ve katılımcı sayısı bakımından önemli bir turizm çeşidi haline
gelmiştir. Önümüzdeki yıllarda gelişmesinin artarak devam etmesi
beklenmektedir. Sağlık turizmi üç farklı amaç için gerçekleşmektedir. Bunlardan
birincisi medikal turizm, ikincisi kaplıca ve spa-wellness, üçüncüsü yaşlı ve
engelli bakımı turizmidir. Sağlık turizminde önde gelen ülkeler sırasıyla
Hindistan, Singapur, Malezya, G.Afrika ve Türkiye şeklinde sıralanmaktadır.
Türkiye dünya sağlık turizmi içinde beşinci sırada yer almaktadır.  2013 yılı itibariyle Türkiye’ye üç yüz bin
üzerinde hasta girişi olmuştur. Almanya, Hollanda, Avusturya, Irak ve Belçika
ağırlıklı olan hastalar daha çok göz, diş, ortopedi ve plastik cerrahi
alanlarında hizmet almaktadır. Türkiye’de ki önemli destinasyonların başında
Antalya ve İstanbul gelmektedir.

Bu araştırmanın amacı; Türk
Dünyasında sağlık turizmi farkındalığını artırmaktır. Bu sayede Dünya turizm
gelirinde önemli yeri olan sağlık turizminden Türk Devletlerinin kendi
aralarında hasta göndererek bu pazardan pay lamalarının yanı sıra kültürel
bütünleşmeye de katkı sağlamaları açısından önemli görülmektedir.
KASIMÎ MECMUASI’NIN İÇERİK ANALİZİ
Authors: İÇLİ Ahmet
Published: May 2019

İnsanoğlu
çeşitli ifade araçlarıyla kendileri ve yaşadıkları dünyaları hakkında anlama ve
anlamlandırma faaliyetlerinde bulunur. Bu araçlardan birisi de hiç kuşkusuz
edebiyattır. Edebiyat alanındaki her eserde insanoğluna ait en az bir unsurun
varlığı kuşku götürmez bir gerçekliktir. Edebî metinlerde işlenmiş öğelerin
bulunması, değerlendirilmesi ve geleceğe aktarılması insanlık adına önemli bir
görevdir.

Bilindiği
üzere Türkler, tarihin farklı dönemlerinde farklı yazı sistemlerini
kullanmışlardır. Bunlardan birisi de en uzun süre kullanılan Arap yazı
sistemidir. Arap harflerinin Türkçe ifadelerle hayat bulduğu nice edebî eser ve
metin bulunmaktadır. Bunların büyük çoğunluğu da Osmanlı dönemine aittir. Türk
edebiyatının uzun bir dönemini kapsayan Klâsik Türk (Divan) Edebiyatı’nın
önemli kaynakları arasında bulunan mecmualar, yazıldıkları dönemlere ait nice
kodlar barındırdıkları gibi geleceğe dair nice mesajlar taşımaktadır.

Mecmualar,
antoloji mahiyeti taşıyan eserlerdir. Bu eserler, dönemin zevklerini,  anlayışlarını, şairlerin dolayısıyla halkın
eğilimlerini ve varlığa bakış açılarını barındırması açısından önemlidir.
Mecmualar, edebiyat tarihi kaynaklarında adına rastlanmayan veya şiir örnekleri
bulunmayan birçok şaire ulaşma imkânı sunar.

Birçok
şairin, şiirlerini barındıran divanlarında olmayan veya daha sonra yazdıkları
şiirleri bulunabilir. Şairlerin, varlığı bilinmekle birlikte şiirlerini
topladığı bir eseri halen gün yüzüne çıkmamış da olabilir. Veyahut divanını
tertip ettikten sonra da şiir yazmış, yazdığı şiirler tertip ettiği divan
nüshasına girmemiş de olabilir. Ömrü yetmediği ya da başka nedenlerle
şiirlerinin dışarıda kalmış olma ihtimali de bulunmaktadır. Şiir mecmuaları,
bugün divanlarına ulaşılamayan veya divan tertip etme fırsatı bulamayan şairler
için de önemli kaynaklar arasındadır.

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, Erzurum Atatürk Üniversitesi Merkez Kütüphanesi Seyfettin
Özege Yazma Eser Bölümünde bulunan ASL
625 Mec 83 Kayıt Numaralı Türkçe mecmuanın incelenmesi ve
değerlendirilmesidir. Derleyeni Kâsımî mahlaslı bir şair olduğu için esere
tarafımızdan “Kâsımî Mecmuası” adı verilmiştir. Yapılan tüm değerlendirmelerden
sonra mecmuada adı belirtilen şairler ve hangi nazım biçimi ile şiir yazdıkları
bir tabloda belirtilecektir.
Bubble strip aqueous gas sampling v1
Authors: B Nothaft Daniel
Published: May 2019

The "bubble strip" method has been shown to be an effective means for sampling a gas phase in equilibrium with water (Kampbell et al., 1998). Here, a method optimized for sampling large quantities of equilibrated gas (~60 mL) is demonstrated. This has applications for advanced isotopic analyses, which often require large sample sizes. Kampbell D. H., Wilson J. T., Mcinnes D. M. (1998) Determining Dissolved Hydrogen, Methane, and Vinyl Chloride Concentrations in Aqueous Solution on a Nanomolar Scale With the Bubble Strip Method. In Proceedings of the 1998 Conference on Hazardous Waste Research pp. 176–190.
Long-read DNA preparation for Metagenomic samples v1
Authors: Brandt Christian
Published: May 2019

General: This is an DNA isolation protocol adapted to the properties of sludge samples from biogas and wastewater treatment plants. The protocol reliably retrieves metagenomic DNA of sufficient quality, length and yield. The performance has been validated on 20 different reactor plants. Observed Performance on 20 ONT runs using this protocol: It does not negatively impact the overall throughput for Nanopore Sequencing. Sequencing runs were active over 2.5 days, with one refuel step after 18 h. N50 Ranges between 4000 and 8000 bp, depending on the sample type. E.g. frozen samples have a lower N50, fresh samples a higher N50. General throughput is between 18-28 Gigabases of a single flowcell (flowcell 106 Rev D, using the LSK-109 Kit).
Yale - Blood and Urine Creatinine v1
Authors: Cline Gary , Stack John
Published: May 2019

Summary: Procedure followed to detect the concentration of creatinine in serum, plasma, and urine.
Yale - Blood Glucose v1
Authors: Stack John , Cline Gary
Published: May 2019

Summary: Procedure used to measure glucose concentrations. Glucose is measured by the enzymatically coupled reactions of hexokinase and glucose-6-P dehydrogenase. The rate of NADH formation is monitored by the change in absorbance at 340 nm.
Yale - Tissue Glycogen v1
Authors: Stack John , Cline Gary
Published: May 2019

Summary: Procedure for determining the glycogen content within liver and muscle tissue.
Yale - Blood Urea Nitrogen v1
Authors: Stack John , Cline Gary
Published: May 2019

Summary: Procedure used to measure the concentration of Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN) in blood, plasma, and serum. Urea is determined by the enzymatically coupled reactions of urease (to form ammonia) and glutamate dehydrogenase (conversion of ammonia and glutamate to glutamine with oxidation of NADH to NAD). The rate of NAD formation is monitored by the change in absorbance at 340 nm.
Yale - HDL Cholesterol v1
Authors: Stack John , Cline Gary
Published: May 2019

Summary: Procedure used to determine the concentration of HDL cholesterol in blood, serum, and plasma. HDL Cholesterol is determined in a two-step procedure. First chylomicrons, VLDL, and LDL are selectively reacted with cholesterol esterase and eliminated from the reaction. In the second step, the remaining HDL-cholesterol is assayed as described for total cholesterol.
Yale - LDL Cholesterol v1
Authors: Stack John , Cline Gary
Published: May 2019

Summary: Procedure used to determine the concentration of LDL cholesterol in blood, serum, and plasma. LDL-cholesterol is determined by an elimination method to selectively remove HDL, VLDL, and IDL subfractions prior to assay of LDL-cholesterol as described for total cholesterol.
Yale - Triglycerides v1
Authors: Stack John , Cline Gary
Published: May 2019

Summary: Procedure used to determine the concentration of triglycerides in blood, serum, and plasma. Triglycerides are determined by coupling lipase, glucokinase, glycerol phosphate oxidase, and peroxidase to form a quinonemine dye which is measured at 500 nm.
U Michigan - Massons Trichrome staining v1
Authors: Hodgin Jeff
Published: May 2019

Summary: Massons Trichrome staining is used for detection of collagen fibers for tubulointerstitial fibrosis on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney tissue section. The collagen fibers will be stained blue, the nuclei black, and the background is stained red.
UC Davis - Immunohistochemistry Mitochondrial marker v1
Authors: Rutkowsky Jennifer
Published: May 2019

Summary: Mitochondria are the power house of the cell. They are distinct organelles with two membranes. Usually they are rod shaped, however they can be round. Several diseases and disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, stroke, cardiovascular disease, retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetes mellitus have all shown association to mitochondrial dysfunction and disorder.
U Mass - Hind Limb Ischemia v1
Authors: Kelly LAT Mark , P. Fitzgibbons Timothy
Published: May 2019

Summary: This is a mouse model of hind limb ischemia, a technique involving an interruption in the arterial blood supply to tissue in the hind limb. This model is used to study peripheral artery disease and vascular remodeling.
U Mass - Transverse Aortic Constriction v1
Authors: Kelly LAT Mark , P. Fitzgibbons Timothy
Published: May 2019

Summary: This is a Mouse model of Transverse aortic constriction (TAC). A commonly used experimental model for pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Initially leading to compensated hypertrophy of the heart, which often is associated with a temporary enhancement of cardiac contractility. Resulting in cardiac dilatation and heart failure.
UC Davis - Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy v1
Authors: Evans Kristin
Published: May 2019

Summary: Vertical sleeve Gastrectomy (VSG) is a common surgical treatment of obesity, type-2 diabetes, and other comorbidities of obesity. The VSG mouse surgical model provides researchers with a mechanism to evaluate mechanistic studies to explore the methods by which VSG bariatric surgery produces beneficial effects on obesity. The surgical procedure is performed under sterile conditions in accordance with AAALAC standards. Surgical animals will be able to ship 2 weeks after the post-operative monitoring period is completed. Cohorts of Vertical Sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), a pair fed SHAM, and an ad lib SHAM will be provided with each cohort ordered.
U Michigan - Western Blot v1
Authors: Hodgin Jeff
Published: May 2019

Summary: Immunoblotting (also called Western Blotting) is a technique to separate and identify individual proteins in a protein mixture (e.g. a cell lysate). In Immunoblotting (Western blotting) the protein mixture is applied to a gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis) to sort the proteins by its molecular weight size in individual protein bands. The separated protein bands are then transferred to a nitrocellulose transfer membrane. The proteins adhere to the membrane in the same pattern as they have been separated due to interactions of charges. To visualize the protein of interest the membrane is commonly first probed using a primary protein- specific antibody followed by a labeled secondary antibody. The specificity of the antibody-antigen interaction enables a target protein to be identified in the midst of a complex protein mixture. The bound antibodies are then detected by western blotting substrate (e.g. Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate), and then visualized by using adeveloping film (HyBlot CL Autoradiography Film) in the darkroom. The thickness of the band corresponds to the amount of protein present.
UC Davis - Laser Capture Microscopy v1
Authors: Nuthikattu Saivageethi , Rutkowsky Jennifer
Published: May 2019

Summary: To quantify regions or cell type specific alterations in RNA expression. Laser capture microscopy is utilized to isolate region or cell-specific regions in the brain and qualitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) is used to assess relative or semi-quantitative RNA expression of genes of interest. Modified from: Laser Capture Microscopy Protocol- Van Winkle Lab
Vandy - Biliopancreatic Diversion in Mice v1
Authors: L. Albaugh Vance
Published: May 2019

Summary: This is the protocol for the biliopancreatic diversion procedure in the mouse. This procedure is historically thought to be a malabsorptive procedure and has several variations in the human. In brief, the biliary and pancreatic secretions are physically separated from gastrointestinal chyme flow until a point near the terminal small bowel. In theory this leads to significant malabsorption, though when this procedure is done clinically many times a gastric restriction component is also added.
Vandy - Modified Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Mice v1
Authors: Stevenson Teri , L. Albaugh Vance
Published: May 2019

Summary: This is the protocol for the modified gastric bypass in the mouse. In this procedure the stomach is bypassed and the food flows through the bypass arm directly into the jejunum.
Vandy - Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in Mice v1
Authors: Stevenson Teri , L. Albaugh Vance
Published: May 2019

Summary: This is the protocol for the vertical sleeve gastrectomy in the mouse. This procedure eliminates the greater curvature of the stomach leaving approximately 30% of the preoperative stomach capacity. Specifically, this procedure eliminates the greater curvature of the stomach where the ghrelin-producing cells are located.
Vandy – Post Clamp Anesthesia v1
Authors: Lantier Louise
Published: May 2019

Summary: After the last sample is taken for the clamp, the mouse is anesthetized in order to harvest tissues. It is very important that the mouse remain alive during tissue harvesting for future signaling or metabolite analysis. The mouse is therefore given a sub-lethal dose of pentobarbital to induce anesthesia (~70mg/kg pi or 35mg/kg iv).
Building Next-generation Schools with 21st Century Skills(learning) and ESD (Reconstructing Japanese Teacher Education System)
Authors: Osamu Umezawa
Published: May 2019

The Japanese government has actively promoted Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) that UNESCO advocates and is going to fully implement the school reform that aims to enhance next generation’s 21st century skills by the year of the Olympic in Tokyo, 2020. So far, Japanese schools focused on basic skills. However, the presenter believes that next generation’s schools need to be reconstructed with 21st century learning and ESD as their base. Now the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) is taking actions to fix the comprehensive conditions for the educational reform. Especially MEXT focuses on the reform of the comprehensive system of training, employment, and development of teachers. The basic directions of the system reform is as follows: to hold “the Teacher Professional Development Consortium” by the association between education boards of the prefecture and universities; to develop the index of teacher professional development based on the fundamental principles by MEXT; to improve the curriculum of teacher training or development; and to assess the ability and quality that teachers need to hold. Since 2010, the Shizuoka University has promoted the systematic reform that integrated teacher education and in-service education. Such a reform corresponds to the era of globalization. The basic concept, if I state briefly, is to nurture and support the teachers who can teach for 21st century learning in their classrooms. To achieve this concept, the Faculty of Education, Shizuoka University, of which primary purpose is to train future teachers, is going to open the Elementary Learning Development Major in April of 2016, as a part of the organizational reform of teacher training. In the program, students will deal with contemporary educational problems and use interdisciplinary methods.In order to support teacher professional development and their research, School of Education established the Research and Education Center for the Learning Sciences (RECLS) in April of 2013 and the Center for Promoting Higher-Quality Teacher Education (PHTE) in April of 2014. In addition, it established Advanced Professional Development in School Education in 2009 and Cooperative Doctoral Course in Subject Development in 2012. Teachers in next generation schools should hold the practical abilities to organize their classes based on theories and methods of interdisciplinary and comprehensive learning. The Shizuoka University will promote such a reform and research teacher training, if possible, in association with the universities in Indonesia, ASEAN and Asia.
COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVES ON SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN
Authors: Poh Lee Swee , Awang Mohd Mahzan , Surat Shahlan
Published: May 2019

This paper discusses about the perspectives of the local community, family, school and peers on special needs children (or disabled children) schooling under the Special Education Integrated Programme in Bintulu District Education Office, Sarawak, Malaysia. This discussion is done based on the resources of past research conducted in Malaysia as well as overseas such as in the United States, Britain, Italy, and India. Labeling theory and theories of perception are reviewed engaging the social conflicts. Totally 88 respondents from Chinese community had been taken to answer the questionnaire. In general, there is a handful optimistic views that special needs children have their own talent, they are the special gift from God, they can distinguish good or bad things, have influences and roles to play. In addition, community feels sympathy with them, the community likes mingling with them and believe they can make hands activities very well. Due to the environmental impact on the development of individual and social skills of special needs child, the study suggested that Malaysians continue to hold to the principles to provide safe and quality education to special needs children. Efforts need to continue to foster a healthier community awareness and positive support on special needs children so that a gap of discrimination can be reduced because every individual has the right to obtain social development and quality of education.
INTRODUCING EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (ESD) IN THE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Valencia Minda I. Cabilao
Published: May 2019

Positioning the idea of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) as a central issue for educational institutions in the Philippines, this article reports on various efforts recently made in the country in an attempt to institute ESD in various sectors, particularly in educational institutions. To this end, this article discusses the following major topics: the nature of ESD, genesis of ESD in the Philippines, integration of ESD in the schooling system in the Philippines, climate change and disaster risk reduction.
Estudios de la satisfacción de servicios hoteleros: reflexiones y estudio estadísticos
Authors: Bouza Herrera Carlos N. , Agatón Darbelio
Published: May 2019

A partir del uso de índices de satisfacción del cliente (Consumer Satisfaction Index) se han erigido diversas metodologías para evaluar el desempeño de los hoteles. El interés primal es considerar diversos atributos y servicios y como estos conforman la satisfacción de los clientes. Dada la naturaleza del problema la población bajo estudio es dinámica. De hecho lo más usual es que la recolección de información deba ser considerada como de naturaleza censal. En algunos casos esta es complementada por encuestas especialmente diseñadas. Esta situación establece que los índices no son analizables utilizando métodos estadísticos inferenciales. Solo se puede hacer uso de métodos descriptivo y valerse de la modelación moderna para hacer análisis coherentes. Consideramos la posibilidad de que el gerente pueda aceptar la validez de un cierto modelo superpoblacional. Se justifica como entonces es posible hacer estudios utilizando métodos como los de Componentes.Se ilustra lo discutido al hacer un estudio de las cadenas hoteleras de Cuba con datos recolectados en el 2005.
Libertad de prensa y conflicto armado en Colombia: Un análisis desde la autonomía profesional percibida por los periodistas colombianos.
Authors: Garcés-Prettel Miguel , Jaramillo-Echeverri Luis , Arroyave-Cabrera Jesús , De-Ávila-Majul Alí
Published: May 2019

This article presents the results of a descriptive research that identifies the levels of journalistic autonomy in Colombia and the restrictions perceived by journalists in terms of their professional autonomy to make labor decisions in the context of the internal armed conflict between the years 2013 and 2014. We surveyed 546 Colombian journalists from fourteen capital cities who completed the questionnaire on Professional Autonomy created by experts from the international project «Worlds of Journalism Study». This instrument was modified, and it was added topics related to the victims of the armed conflict, poverty, public order, mining, racial minorities, corruption, organized crime and guerrillas. The central findings reveal two levels of professional autonomy: autonomy to produce and autonomy to publish news. In the publishing news level, Colombian journalists perceived restrictions on their autonomy, especially when it comes to publish news about government, armed forces, criminals organizations, corruption and the elites of political, economic and religious power.
Management of secretory otitis media: a prospective randomised study comparing medical management with early surgical intervention
Authors: D. Y. Rajprakash , Venkatesan R. Sithananda Kumar , A. R. Alisulthan , V. Aravindhan , K. B. Mothilal
Published: May 2019

Background: Secretory otitis media is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss in children. Though self-limiting recurrent disease can cause speech and language delay, cognitive impairment and behavioural problems in the long term. This is a prospective study of the epidemiological profile, predisposing factors, clinical profile of secretory otitis media. This study also compares the conservative treatment with early surgical Treatment in Patient with secretory otitis media.

Methods: The study is a prospective randomised study of patients presenting with conductive hearing loss diagnosed by pure tone audiometry. The patients were randomized into two groups of 25 patients each. The medical management arm received antihistamines and decongestants and the surgical arm patient underwent myringotomy with grommet insertion. Patients with adenoid hypertrophy underwent adenoidectomy as an additional procedure. The patients were followed up regularly and where evaluated at the end of 12 months for symptomatic improvement and hearing improvement by Pure Tone Audiogram and impedance audiogram.  

Results: The most common age group affected was between 5-15 yrs with hard of hearing and aural fullness being the most common presenting complaint. Eustachian tube dysfunction with adenoid hypertrophy was the most common precipitating factor (68%) followed by allergy and gastro esophageal reflux disease. Compared to medical treatment which resulted in a successful treatment outcome in 40% of patients, cases which underwent surgical treatment had successful outcome in 70% of cases.

Conclusions: Surgical management in the form of adenoidectomy/myringotomy with grommet insertion has better long term outcome in terms of hearing impairment and disease relapse and recurrence.
EVIDÊNCIAS DIRETAS E INDIRETAS DE ARCO MAGMÁTICO PALEOPROTEROZOICO NA REGIÃO DO ALTO DE JANUÁRIA – NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Rezende Christopher Rocha de , Chaves Alexandre de Oliveira , Oliveira Viviane de Paula
Published: May 2019

s rochas pertencentes ao embasamento do Cráton São Francisco (CSF), na região de Bonito de Minas (MG), fazem parte do Complexo Januária (CJ) e estão expostas ao longo de drenagens do alto homônimo. Com suporte em idades U-Th-Pb de cristais de monazita de um gnaisse migmatítico como balizadoras indiretas da granitogênese local, integradas à dados preliminares diretos de petrografia e geoquímica destas rochas que essencialmente compõem o CJ, propõe-se que elas são as representantes de um ciclo orogênico paleoproterozoico. Cinco cristais (A, B, C, D e E) de monazita-Ce foram datados. A monazita A apresenta idade média de 2329 ± 55 Ma, que poderia ser correlata à formação dos granitoides juvenis pré-colisionais tipo – I de composição cálcica a cálcio-alcalina, peraluminosa, a maioria de alto potássio. Estes granitoides teriam se formado em ambiente de arco magmático continental e são representados pelo biotita granodiorito e pelo biotita granito locais. Contemporâneos a esta intrusão ter-se-ia iniciado o processo de metamorfismo e anatexia da crosta TTG preexistente. Este processo atingiria seu ápice durante o Riaciano, em uma fase colisional que está registrada nos gnaisses da região e com idade média balizada pela monazita B de 2120 ± 56 Ma. As monazitas C e D apresentaram idades médias de 1923 ± 28 Ma e 1903 ± 29 Ma, respectivamente, possivelmente indicando o colapso do orógeno durante o Orosiriano. Com o colapso do orógeno, ter-se-ia a intrusão do biotita granito rosa, que apesar das semelhanças com granitoides do tipo – A, foi interpretado como um granito pós-colisional formado em ambiente com alta fugacidade de oxigênio. Por fim, o cristal E apresenta idade média de 1817 ± 37 Ma, que provavelmente registra a fase anorogênica relativa à formação do Rifte Espinhaço no limite Orosiriano/Estateriano. O processo extensional anorogênico é registrado pela intrusão de diques máficos relacionados ao enxame Januária. Desta maneira, como os dados sugerem, o CJ representaria uma porção do orógeno Riaciano-Orosiriano na região central do CSF em Minas Gerais.

Palavras Chave: Complexo Januária; petrografia; geoquímica; datação U-Th-Pb em monazita; arco magmático
EFFECT OF THE DIALECTS OF THE CROATIAN LANGUAGE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ACCENT
Authors: Hadžihalilović S. S.
Published: May 2019

This paper analyzes the process of mastering the Russian language by students with a Croatian native language, taking into account the three dialects (dialects) of the Croatian language: Chakava, Kaikava, and Stockava, whose speakers are these students. At the first level of study (A1A2), the Russian language is not equally absorbed by those who speak these dialects. The results of the study show which language levels of study (phonological, morphological, lexical) students are most helped by the local language in comparison with the standard Croatian language. The corpus of the study is vocabulary, which students of the Russian language and literature in the University of Zadar learn in their first year, since the study of the Russian language in Croatian universities begins from scratch. The results show that the Chakav and Kaikaw dialects have a positive effect on the study of the Russian language, in contrast to the standard language, which had a negative impact.
THE ORIGINS OF THE SPARTAN PERIOIKIA: INTERNAL COLONIZATION
Authors: Eremin A. Yu.
Published: May 2019

The article deals with the so-called internal colonization as one of the ways of the genesis of perioikic settlements from the point of view of the formation of the perioikia as a specific form of dependency in ancient Sparta. The three ўрпйкЯбй, or colonies, which were founded by the Spartans in Laconia and were in the classical period supposed by the ancient tradition to have the status of perioikoi, are analyzed in detail: Lepreon, Cythera and Gerontrae. It is especially noticed that in all three cases the main and prevailing part of settlers belonged to the dependent population. So, in the case of Lepreon, those were the freed helots, whereas in case of Cythera and Gerontrae, apparently, the perioikoi.The predominant participation in the internal colonization of the dependent categories of the population and, above all, the perioikoi, is confirmed, as it seems, by the social composition of the colonists who took part in the founding of the Spartan colonies outside the borders of Laconia itself. Thus, the Spartan perioikoi definitely participated in the foundation of Heraclea Trachinia in 426 BC. e. and, most likely, in colonial expeditions to Libya and Sicily led by prince Dorieus at the end of VI century BC., whereas the Spartiates in both cases acted as the oikistes only and were very few in numbers. As for the foundation of Taras, the most famous Spartan colony outside the Greece proper, here also the bulk (if not all) of the colonists did not belong to the Spartan citizenry. Therefore, it is concluded that the so-called internal colonization could not be an archetype, the original way of genesis of perioikic settlements and, accordingly, the Spartan perioikia as a specific form of dependency. Rather, it represented a socio-political imitation of the primary way of the genesis of perioikic dependency the forcible appropriation by the Spartiate community of the territory as a result of military expansion.
CAVES ON MONASTERIAL TERRITORIES OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH OF 17–21ST CENTURIES: GENESIS AND PLACE IN THE SACRED LANDSCAPE
Authors: Stepkin V. V.
Published: May 2019

The article considers genesis of the caves located on territory of 23 monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church, which are in different subjects of European part of the Russian Federation. It is noted that emergence of the cult caves was influenced by a number of factors. The caves appeared as a transfer result of sacred space of such centres of Christian pilgrimage like Jerusalem, Athos, Kiev onto Russian soil. The caves were also created as a result of spiritual practice of hesychasm, repentance lives and eschatological expectations. Appearance of the cult caves was both in the form of individual penance laypeople and monks, and in the form of peoples cave digging. It should be noted that the caves were built either in new, not previously included in the sacred space of the settlements, or in the areas of monasteries previously abolished as a result of secularization. In some cases creation of caves on monasterial territory was reported. During the Soviet period the caves were abandoned along with closing monasteries. Currently, the sacred space of caves is being recreated along with re-emerging abodes, church service is hold in underground churches. Caves, occupying a unique place in the cultural landscape, attract pilgrims and tourists. However, the sacred space semantics cannot always be fully implemented in them. The concrete examples of transfer discovered in the article fro sacral space of Jerusalem, Mount Athos and Kiev into the cave monasteries of the Russian Orthodox Church intended to level this aspect as well as the aspect of Hesychasts way reflection in the corridors and cells of cave mazes. The structural-semantic method was used in the studies for analysis, which allowed revealing the meaning of cave complexes in sacred monastic space. Anthropological approach to the studies of cave diggers subculture helped analyze the cave creators motives and values.
EMIGRANT PERIOD OF LIFE OF THE FORMER MINISTER P.D. KLIMUSHKIN
Authors: Perepelkin M. A.
Published: May 2019

The article attempts to reconstruct the emigrant period of life of one of the minor heroes of the novel A. Tolstoy Eighteenth Year, a native of the Samara province, a prominent figure in the Socialist Revolutionary movement, a member of the Constituent Assembly, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Komuch Prokopy Klimushkin (18881958). Biographical information about P.D. Klimushkin is scattered in many sources, some of which contradict the others, but the least studied until today remains the emigrant period of his life, which began after, going to an illegal position, Klimushkin left together with the Czech echelon at first to Irkutsk, then to Vladivostok and, finally, to Prague. Studying the Prague period, the author of the article found it necessary to divide it into two twenty years before the Second World War and after it. Special attention is paid to P.D. Klimushkins activity within the framework of the so-called Russian action in Czechoslovakia, as director of the Russian Peoples University and in the Society of Volga Movement Members of 1918, for the first time information on the personal life of the former minister is systematized, and also highlights his walking on the agony, which began after 1945 and ended two years before his death, in 1956. Reconstructing the previously little studied period of P.D. Klimushkins biography, the author of the article is based on archival documents, publications in Russian and foreign sources and testimonies of contemporaries, among which the most important place belongs to the memoirs of S. Nikolaev In the first place truth and only truth.
PRINCIPLES OF SYSTEMATIZATION OF SPEECH MATERIAL WHEN TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Karpenko L. B.
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the problem of systematization of speech material in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The purpose of the article is to show the importance of different approaches to the description of speech means and special productivity of their systematization in communicative and pragmatic complexes the idea of which is proposed by the author. It demonstrates the specificity of goals and research programs of the most common paradigms: system-centric, functional, cognitive, communicative, pragmalinguistic. The originality of principles of systematization and description of linguistic units in different linguistic paradigms is shown on the material of means of expression of motivation. It is concluded that at present there is no one, generally accepted, universal strategy of systematization of speech means, the search is conducted by researchers from different sides: the paradigms of language means of different levels, functional and semantic fields, conceptospheres, typical speech models, communicative and pragmatic fields, communicative intentions, speech acts, dialogical unities, etc. Modern methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language is based on an integrated approach to the analysis of speech activity, assessing as a leading communicative approach and the resulting from this approach methodological principles of communicative orientation of learning. The principle of dynamic deployment of speech activity, justified by the author, involves consistent expansion and complexity of educational material, coordinated multiplication of skills and abilities of speech communication. The article traces the gradual increase in the content of speech competences at different levels of Russian as a foreign language in the State standards in this area. The idea of productivity of systematization of speech material in communicative and pragmatic complexes, which are illustrated by the example of means of expression of a number of intentions, is put forward and justified. The features of originality of Russian speech models revealed in comparison with the English and Bulgarian languages are shown.
Sistema de aquecimento solar de água: simulação e análise
Authors: Tavares Stella Ramos , Sousa Nádia Guimarães
Published: May 2019

Devido ao crescente aumento na demanda energética mundial, a busca por novas fontes de energia renováveis tem se tornado um dos principais desafios para a sociedade atual. O Brasil é um país privilegiado em termos de radiação solar, devido a isso, vem-se investindo no uso de aquecedores solares visando reduzir o consumo de energia elétrica e outras fontes de energia não renováveis. Partindo deste pressuposto, este trabalho propõe a simulação e análise do modelo matemático de sistemas de aquecimento de água utilizando coletores solares como fonte de energia. Foram avaliados dois modelos distintos: básico (sem efeito da tubulação) e estendido (com efeito da tubulação) e os cenários simulados levaram em consideração a convecção forçada (com o vento) ou convecção natural e o isolamento do sistema. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o vento possui uma grande influência tanto na eficiência quanto nas temperaturas atingidas. A eficiência foi reduzida em 58%, e a temperatura reduziu aproximadamente 5°C, quando há convecção forçada. Mesmo assim, ambos os sistemas são eficientes para o aquecimento de água na região do Triângulo Mineiro, chegando a eficiência de 53% e a temperatura máxima da água de aproximadamente 80oC.
Desenvolvimento e construção de leito de jorro para recobrimento de partículas de ureia
Authors: Souza Davi Leonardo de , Oliveira Arthur De Souza , Ferrato Fernanda Siena , Tibola Fernando Lucas , Freitas Guilherme , Rodrigues Isabela Fernandes , Oliveira Nicoli Rodrigues de , Silva Silas Tavares , Braga Thaise Fernanda , Santos Kássia Graciele dos
Published: May 2019

Os fertilizantes nitrogenados, como a ureia, têm sido bastante utilizados como fonte de micro e macronutrientes para as plantas. Porém, o nitrogênio presente no fertilizante acelera sua volatilização, sendo necessário aplicar técnicas como o recobrimento, para retardar este processo. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento e construção de um leito de jorro para o recobrimento de ureia. O sistema era composto por um soprador; um manômetro tubo em U para medição da queda de pressão do leito, um anemômetro de fio quente para aferição da vazão de ar, um leito de jorro cônico-cilíndrico e um bico borrifador para aspersão da solução recobridora. Esta solução possui composição (em massa): 0,5% de gelatina, 0,5% de amido, 3% de glicerina, 9% de talco e 87% de água. Inicialmente, caracterizou-se as partículas de ureia, quanto ao tamanho, forma e densidade. Em seguida, foi levantado o comportamento fluidodinâmico do leito, obtendo-se a curva característica que relaciona a queda de pressão em função da vazão de ar, para uma massa inicial de sólidos de 600 g de ureia. A condição de jorro mínimo obtida apresentou vazão de 13,85 m3/h e queda de pressão de 176,5 Pa. Foi realizado o experimento de recobrimento do fertilizante foi realizado em uma vazão de ar 20% superior ao mínimo jorro. O leito de jorro se mostrou eficiente no recobrimento do fertilizante estudado. Porém, para o melhor funcionamento do processo, observou-se a necessidade de acrescentar um sistema de aquecimento do ar.
On the Definability of Leśniewski’s Copula ‘is’ in Some Ontology-Like Theories
Authors: Łyczak Marcin , Pietruszczak Andrzej
Published: May 2019

We formulate a certain subtheory of Ishimoto’s [1] quantifier-free fragment of Leśniewski’s ontology, and show that Ishimoto’s theory can be reconstructed in it. Using an epimorphism theorem we prove that our theory is complete with respect to a suitable set-theoretic interpretation. Furthermore, we introduce the name constant 1 (which corresponds to the universal name ‘object’) and we prove its adequacy with respect to the set-theoretic interpretation (again using an epimorphism theorem). Ishimoto’s theory enriched by the constant 1 is also reconstructed in our formalism with into which 1 has been introduced. Finally we examine for both our theories their quantifier extensions and their connections with Leśniewski’s classical quantified ontology.
THE USE OF PHONEMES IN SYNTAX IN TEACHING ARABIC AS A SECOND LANGUAGE/ توظيف الفونيمات فوق التركيبيّة في تعليم العربيّة لغة ثانية
Authors: Al-Hassan Seedah Abdulhakeem Abdul Kaleg
Published: May 2019

The study deals with the phonemes on syntax and their employment in the teaching of Arabic to non-Arabic speakers. The study aims at explaining how these phonemes are used in the teaching of Arabic as a second language. The study also aims to explain the role played by these secondary phonemes in communicating the Arabic language to an optimal level of sound; Acoustic sounds are not isolated but need to be viewed at the level of composition as well. Moreover, to reach the desired goals, the researcher divided the research into two sections and contained each of these sections on the axes.
The first topic came in terms of theoretical framework, where the researcher talked about the importance of the audio lesson for the Arabic learner a second language, and the second axis of the definition of the phonemes above the structure of the lesson and attention, the practical side of the study was divided into axes, namely:  The use of algebra in the teaching of Arabic as second language, the use of toning in teaching
Low Dose of Abilify (Aripiprazole) in Combination With Effexor XR (Venlafaxine HCl) Resulted in Cessation of Lactation
Authors: Walker Trisha , Coursey Christie , Duffus Amanda L. J.
Published: May 2019

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a relatively common experience for women, especially those who have a history of preconception and/or prenatal depression. In some cases, pharmaceutical treatment is required to treat the symptoms of PPD. Unfortunately, the use of some of these treatments may have unintended consequences that affect both the newborn and the new mother. Here we report a case where Abilify (aripiprazole) at a low dose (2 mg/day) was prescribed in conjunction with Effexor XR (venlafaxine HCl) at a high dose (225 mg/day), which resulted in the cessation of lactation.
IBCLC Role Differences
Authors: Powers Diane C.
Published: May 2019

Lactation consultants working with mothers and babies in different settings — whether hospital, clinic, home or support group — may find themselves not understanding the challenges and dissimilarities that are part of a distinctive lactation setting. In an effort to even the playing field, allowing for a bird's-eye view of inpatient and outpatient work life issues, this is an article designed to hone in on the variances that confront LC's depending upon where they interface with the breastfeeding dyad.
Telomere length distribution on individual chromosome arms in patients with bronchial asthma
Authors: Barkovskaya M. Sh. , Blinova E. A. , Konyahina J. V. , Leonova M. I. , Nepomniashchikch V. M. , Demina D. V. , Kozhevnikov V. S. , Kozlov V. A.
Published: May 2019

Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the length of telomeres in the arms of individual chromosomes in patients with bronchial asthma (BA).

Materials and methods. The study included patients with BA (n = 10, the mean age (44 ± 8.2) years) and healthy donors (n = 10, the mean age (44 ± 8.4) years). Metaphase spreads obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used. At the time of sampling BA patients received treatment at the Clinic of Immunopathology, Novosibirsk. BA was diagnosed by physicians according to GINA-2016. For measurement of telomere length on individual chromosome arms we used quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization with a PNA-probe specific for telomeres. We used inverted DAPI banding for chromosome identification (according to ISCN-2013). For each individual 5 metaphase cells were analyzed. We applied the newly developed MeTeLen software to estimate the telomere repeats quantity (http:// www.bionet.nsc.ru/en/development/application-development/development-of-a-computer/metelen.html) in metaphase images. For enhanced image analysis compared with the previously developed programs, we included estimation of background signal and correction of defects of the optical system.

Results. Comparing of telomere length show, that telomeres in the certain chromosome arms (4q, 5q, 9p, 10 q, 11p, 13p, 15q, 18q, 19q) in BA are significantly shorter than in corresponding group of donors (p < 0.05, Mann – Whitney U-test). For both studied groups we also evaluated telomere sequences shortened and elongated relative to the average telomere length in the group (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon-signed-runk test). The following differences and similarities between the telomere profiles of patients and donors were determined: the telomere sequences 4p, 6q, 8p were elongated and 2q, 9q, 11p, 15q were shortened relative to the average telomere length in BA patients. Moreover, this telomere sequences did not differ from the average telomere length in the group of donors. At the same time, the telomere sequences 12p, 16p, 17p, 19p were significantly shorter, and 3p was longer than the average telomere length in both groups.

Conclusions. We guess, that the observed significant shortening of telomere length on individual chromosome arms in BA, as compared to donors, is relevant in pathogenesis of this disorder. The revealed features of telomere profile of patients with BA may be a result of different telomere length maintenance mechanisms and may influence to the development of asthma that needs further study.
Exploring the Future Development of Research, Technology and Business of Machine Tool Domain in New-Generation Information Technology Environment Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Chen Jihong , Zhang Kai , Zhou Yuan , Liu Yufei , Li Lingfeng , Chen Zheng , Yin Li
Published: May 2019

The combination of new-generation information technology and manufacturing technology has resulted in major and profound impact on future development paradigm of manufacturing. It is challenging for existing methods to conduct a multidimensional trend exploration related to machine tool domain, which is the basis of virtually everything in manufacturing. In this paper, we proposed an integrating approach framework combined topic models, bibliometric, trend analysis and patent analysis to mine insightful information about future development from multi-source data related to machine tool, such as papers, grants, patents and news. Specifically, papers and grants provided two different perspectives to explore the current focuses and future trends in machine tool research. Furthermore, the future technology development of machine tool was investigated through patents analysis. Finally, news related to machine tool industry in recent years was analyzed to analyze future machine tool business mode. The integration of the above various analytical methods and the multi-dimensional mining of literatures enabled the analysis of the future development of machine tool domain systematically from multi-perspectives which include research, technology development and industry. The conclusions obtained in this paper is beneficial to different communities of machine tool in terms of determining the research directions for researchers, identifying industry opportunities for corporations and developing reasonable industry policy for policy makers.