bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of caprine (Capra hircus) blood during prolong storage for transfusion
Authors: Jahan M. N. , Munir M. R. , Sohag M. , Alam M. M. , Alam M. R.
Published: March 2020

Background: This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of acid citrate dextrose (ACD) and citrate phosphate dextrose adenine-1 (CPDA-1) on the keeping qualities of various haematological and biochemical parameters of caprine blood during long time preservation and storage for transfusion.

Methods: Sixteen healthy goats were selected and divided into 2 equal groups (A, n=8 and B, n=8). Fifty ml of blood was collected from each goat and preserved with ACD for group A (n=8) and CPDA-1 for group B (n=8). All the samples were stored at 40C in refrigerator for 28 days. The recorded blood parameters include total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leucocyte count (TLC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total protein (TP) and pH. The blood parameters were analyzed immediately after collection and thereafter on day-1, day-3, day-7, day-14, day-21 and day-28 for both the groups.

Results: In both groups, the TEC, TLC, Hb and PCV values were decreased gradually from day-1 onward. In ACD preserved blood, the control values of TEC (11.27±0.26 million/cumm), TLC (8.85±0.22 thousand/cumm), Hb (8.61±0.13 g/dl) and PCV (30.75±0.59%) were decreased to TEC (9.21±0.38 million/cumm), TLC (7.58±0.10 thousand/cumm), Hb (7.03±0.06 g/dl) and PCV (22.25±0.53%) respectively on day-7 which was statistically significant (p‹0.05). However, the gradual decrease in the parameters was also noticed from day-7 onward. On the other hand, in case of CPDA-1 preserved blood, the control values of TEC (11.88±0.28 million/cumm), TLC (8.91±0.26 thousand/cumm), Hb (8.91±0.42 g/dl) and PCV (32.13±0.79%) were found decreasing slightly with the progression of the preservation period, but the changes were statistically significant (p‹0.05) on day-21 [TEC (8.06±0.22 million/cumm), TLC (6.28±0.34 thousand/cumm), Hb (6.28±0.16 g/dl) and PCV (25.02±0.46%) respectively] and onward. Changes in the TP and pH values were also noticed in both the groups during the experiment but CPDA-1 group showed less alteration than ACD group as compared to the control values.

Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that CPDA-1 can be used for storing caprine blood longer period for transfusion in comparison to ACD with greater RBC viability.
Apoyo motivacional docente y necesidades psicológicas básicas en la Educación Física: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Mocha Bonilla Julio Alfonso , Comas Benítez Mariuska , Galak Eduardo Lautaro
Published: March 2020

Este artículo establece un marco de referencia sobre la motivacional docente y la significancia del apoyo hacia las necesidades psicológicas básicas en la educación física, Se llevó a cabo una revisión literaria de investigaciones recientes alrededor de la temática objeto de estudio, se utilizaron como fuentes de consulta las bases de datos: Scielo, Redalyc. Dialnet y Google Académico; usando como palabras clave los términos: «Motivación, BPN-PE, Educación Física, Apoyo Docente», en idioma español, inglés y portugués. El período de tiempo considerado fue de los últimos once años. La búsqueda realizada permitió identificar variados trabajos relacionados, pero solamente los más significativos fueron incluidos en la revisión. La selección de trabajos incluyó artículos, informes de investigación, y capítulos de libro. El análisis de los contenidos identificados se realizó en función de una perspectiva de reflexión, empleando los métodos analíticos-sintéticos e inductivos-deductivos. Tras el análisis de la información recopilada, fue posible concluir que cuando se brinda el apoyo docente hacia las necesidades psicológicas básicas se puede percibir una motivación autodeterminada en el ámbito educativo de la educación física y el deporte; la formación integral de los estudiantes debe fomentar los valores a través del apoyo motivacional docente, destacando el aspecto pedagógico en la construcción de valores cognitivos y afectivos.
Bienestar psicológico y estrés laboral en trabajadores no profesionales de la ciudad de Ambato, aplicando el cuestionario de salud general de Goldberg GHQ-12
Authors: Taruchaín Pozo Luis Fernando , Freire Palacios Verónica Adriana , Mayorga Álvarez María de los Ángeles
Published: March 2020

Objetivo. Determinar el bienestar psicológico y estrés laboral en trabajadores no profesionales de la ciudad de Ambato, aplicando el cuestionario de salud general de Goldberg GHQ-12.

Metodología. Estudio descriptivo con corte transversal, en donde se utilizó el Cuestionario de Salud General Goldberg (GHQ-12) demostrado ser una herramienta efectiva para la valoración de la salud mental en población general y en población clínica, siendo uno de los instrumentos de tamizaje validado más utilizado en todo el mundo y uno de los más recomendados para ser empleado en encuestas de salud. El análisis de consistencia interna utilizando el coeficiente alpha de Cronbach, mostró una buena consistencia interna y validez (.84). La muestra estuvo constituida por 280 trabajadores no profesionales de distintos centros de comercialización ubicados en la ciudad de Ambato. Resultados. De los 280 participantes estudiados, el 40% eran hombres y el 60% mujeres, con un nivel de estrés laboral entre muy alto y alto en un 61%, y, dentro de lo que es el bienestar psicológico auto percibido, la mayor parte lo valora como muy bajo y bajo en un 59%. Lo que permite concluir que el estrés afecta a todo tipo de personas sin considerar, edad, género, estado civil, condición socio-económica y nivel de escolaridad, pues todos se afectados por entornos externos e internos difíciles de manejar

Palabras clave: Estrés laboral, salud mental, bienestar psicológico, GHQ-12
Un análisis regional de la ética en la formación del Contador Público como pilar fundamental para combatir la corrupción
Authors: Paredes Cabezas Maribel del Rocío , Guachamboza Moposita Rocío Marisol , Velasteguí López Luis Efraín
Published: March 2020

La corrupción en América Latina es alarmante, varios casos corrupción han sido protagonizados por funcionarios y políticos corruptos. Este artículo plantea a la ética como pilar fundamental para combatir conductas corruptas y así evitar el desvío de recursos, en países como Colombia, Ecuador y Perú con economías emergentes y que actualmente encabezan la lista de países con altos índices de corrupción. La Ética debe concitar la atención de todos los profesionales, especialmente de los Contadores Públicos, pues este se convierte en la mano derecha y el aliado estratégico, por lo que no puede ni debe faltar a su profesionalismo, peor aún fallar a la sociedad. Este trabajo además busca llamar la atención de las universidades de la región pues es su deber capacitar a los Contadores Públicos para el desempeño eficiente del profesional apegado al fiel cumplimento del ordenamiento legal y ético-profesional. El presente artículo planteó un análisis regional de las mallas curriculares en la formación del Contador Público frente a las mallas de estudio de las mejores universidades del mundo y así de cara a aprender de los mejores y combatir la corrupción. En este contexto, la educación y la ética se convierten entonces en los mecanismos a articular para poner freno a la corrupción.
Antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from outdoor patients in Dhaka city: a single center study
Authors: Khatun Most Salma , Nahar Saimun , Kabir Md Shahidul
Published: March 2020

Bacterial infections are often found to cause morbidity and mortality around the globe. Indiscriminate use of antibiotic for treatment of such infections is reported to cause selective pressure and increase in drug resistance. Emergence of antibiotic resistance is a growing concern for people of all age having bacterial infections. It is important to determine the trend of antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples for appropriate treatment of patients. A retrospective study was conducted on patient samples collected from 1 July 2018 to 15 March 2019. A total of 500 urine, 136 blood, 120 stool, 172 swab, 90 Sputum and 60 pus samples were randomly collected from both male and female patients of different age groups who reported to a diagnostic centre in Dhaka city. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from the collected samples following standard methods. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of isolated bacteria were also determined by disc diffusion test. Proportion of UTI in female patients (71.67%) was found to be higher than the male (28.33%) patients and mostly caused by Escherichia coli (73.33%). Among Gram negative bacteria, E. coli (51%) was found to be predominant followed by Pseudomonas spp. (11.47%), Klebsiella (9.84%) and Salmonella Typhi (9.84%). Among Gram positive organism Staphylococcus aureus (9.0%), beta haemolytic streptococci (5.74%) and enterococci (3.28%) were found to be present. Among the tested antibiotics imipenem was found to be the most effective (93.02%) followed by gentamycin (76.03%) against all isolated bacteria. Amoxycillin was found to be least effective (21.29%) against all isolated bacteria. Increase in antibiotic resistance was possibly due to indiscriminate use of antibiotic for treatment of various infections. Prudent use of antimicrobial drugs will help reduce spread of resistant bacteria and complication of treatment of infected patients.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 1-4
Biodegradation of textile dyes by bacteria isolated from textile industry effluents
Authors: Akter Khusbu , Zerin Tamanna , Banik Avijit
Published: March 2020

A country like Bangladesh where textile industries are the main source of developing economy, pollution problem from such industries creates a huge risk for the environment. Textile industries discharge a huge amount of effluent containing various harmful chemicals including synthetic dyes that are very stable and threat to the living organisms. This study deals with the potential decolorization and biodegradation of Bemacron Yellow HP-2R (BY), Bemacron Red RS (BR) and Bemacron blue RS 01 (BB) dyes using bacteria isolated from textile effluent. The effluent and soil samples were collected from different locations of discharge point. Only two isolates were screened out after primary screening using dye supplemented nutrient agar media. Following colony morphology, physiology and biochemical analysis, they were presumptively identified as Bacillus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. They were subjected to decolorization of 0.002 g/l BY, BR and BB dyes. Bacillus sp. showed superior decolorization potential of BR (71%) and BB (83%) dyes after 5 days of incubation. Whereas, Staphylococcus aureus showed 79% decolorization of BY dye after 5 days incubation. Decolorization efficacy can be further improved by optimizing environmental conditions and process parameters.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 5-8
Isolation and quantification of indicator and pathogenic microorganisms along with their drug resistance traits from bottled and jar water samples within Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md Aftab , Siddiqua Mst Aysha , Ahmed Mst Sadia
Published: March 2020

Commercial drinking water may serve as potential threat to public health if these items are contaminated with a number of pathogenic microorganisms due to faulty manufacturing process. Present study attempted to isolate and quantify the microorganisms from various jar and bottle water samples collected from various areas of Dhaka city. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of suspected bacterial isolates were also determined in this study. Out of the eighteen samples studied, ten were jar water samples and eight were bottled water samples. The range of total viable bacterial count (TVBC) in these samples ranged from 102 to 105 cfu/ml. Specific pathogens such as, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio spp. and fecal coliforms could not be found in these samples. However coliforms could be detected in 10 samples. The antibiogram study showed that all Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates found from these samples were sensitive against gentamicin (10 μg) and azithromycin (30 μg). Variable antibiotic resistance among these bacterial isolates was detected against cefotaxime (30 μg), streptomycin (10 μg) and erythromycin (15 μg).

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 12-14
Occurrence of drug resistant bacteria in household waste samples
Authors: Akter Aklima , Ahmed Sadia , Islam Tamanna , Munshi Saurab Kishore
Published: March 2020

Current study was carried out to investigate the presence of drug resistant bacterial isolates in the biodegradable household waste samples. In this respect, a total of six domestic waste samples including three kitchen waste samples and one sample each of home dust, dustbin waste and liquid waste were collected. Samples were analyzed for quantification of bacterial load and along with their drug susceptibility pattern. Huge array of total viable bacteria was present in all the samples (in average of 108 cfu/g or ml). Among the specific bacteria, Bacillus spp. was predominant and Vibrio spp. was found in almost all samples except liquid waste. Presence of Staphylococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Salmonella spp. and fecal coliform were evident in some samples. All isolates were found to be multidrug resistant. Notably, 100% resistance was documented against cefuroxime and amoxicillin. All the isolates showed sensitivity against meropenem, amikacin and ceftriaxone. Presence of drug resistant bacteria in household waste samples in present study critically raises the requirement for proper management and disposal of the accumulated domestic wastes by the municipal and government authorities.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 15-18
Occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms in dessert items collected from Dhaka city
Authors: Akter Shohana , Sarkar Anasua , Das Kamal Kanta
Published: March 2020

Due to delicious taste and readily availability, desserts are one of the most popular foods in Dhaka city. High amount of carbohydrate and protein in dessert items make them more susceptible to proliferation of microbial growth. Present study depicted a complete microbiological profile of some popular desserts such as, sweet, pastry, ice cream, pudding, falooda, yogurt and custard available in different food shop at Dhaka city, Bangladesh. All the samples were found to be contaminated with heterotrophic bacteria as well as fungi within the range of 103 to 106 cfu/g. In case of specific microflora, the growth of Staphylococcus spp., Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were observed in most of the samples indicates the poor quality of these products. Bioburdens of E. coli in sweet, pudding and yogurt were found in the range of 1.2×102 to 2.7×103 cfu/g. Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Vibrio spp. could not be isolated from any of the samples. Current study indicates that hygienic conditions should be maintained during preparation, packaging and retailing of dessert items in order to reduce the load of contamination in ready to eat foods which will ensure good health of consumers.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 19-22
Microbiological profiling of food additives and evaluation of their antibacterial efficacy
Authors: Habiba Umme , Rahman Md Mahmud , Hossain Md Kamran , Nur Ifra Tun
Published: March 2020

Food additives are widely used to enhance the taste, texture, appearance and longevity of food items. The aim of this study is to determine the quality and antibacterial activity of different food additives and preservatives. In this study 8 categories of food additives were collected from different super shops in Dhaka city. Almost 90% samples were free from pathogenic microorganisms and a low number of total viable bacteria were found in all samples. Antibacterial activities of these samples were measured by agar diffusion method. Except food color, all remaining categories exhibited zone of inhibition against tested laboratory isolates between 8 mm and 22 mm in diameter. These findings indicate that adding food additives or preservatives in food item can reduce or prevent the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Harmful effects of food additives to human health need to be evaluated before they are applied in food items.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 23-26
Analysis of ambient airborne mycoflora around Curzon hall campus, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md Nazim , Latifa Gulshan Ara , Majumder Ahmad Kamruzzaman , Shamsi Shamim , Nayeem Abdullah Al
Published: March 2020

The indoor and outdoor air is an important source of aeroallergens and pathogens. Monthly samplings were recorded during September to November 2018 to investigate the airborne mycoflora concentration in Curzon hall campus, University of Dhaka. The fungal colonies developed in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media were isolated from four different locations in the morning, noon and evening in monthly intervals. A total number of counted fungal colonies were 2,681 in which 924, 928 and 829 colonies were found in the morning, noon and evening time, respectively. Among the identified fungi, Aspergillus spp. was one of the most predominant genera in all the stations over the study period followed by Penicillium spp. Alternaria spp., Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizopus spp. and Trichoderma. The identified fungi belonged to eight genera under the class Ascomycetes, Zygomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Among the fungal isolates, Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and Rhizopus spp. were previously reported as pathogenic to plants and/or humans and strongly allergenic to human being.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.9(1) 2019: 32-35
Growth, health and biochemical composition of the sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa after multi-year holding in effluent waters of land-based salmon culture
Authors: Sun J , Hamel JF , Gianasi BL , Graham M , Mercier A
Published: March 2020

Methods have been proposed to mitigate the environmental footprint of aquaculture, including co-culture of species occupying different trophic levels. In this study, sea cucumbers Cucumaria frondosa, either from production tanks fed with effluent water from land-based salmon culture over 4 yr or collected from the field, were compared using stable isotope, lipid and fatty acid (FA) signatures as indicators of waste assimilation, health and biochemical composition. Enrichment of δ13C in muscle bands and intestine and of δ15N in muscle bands, gonad and intestine was detected in captive individuals relative to wild individuals, suggesting the uptake and assimilation of waste from salmon culture. The higher levels of FA biomarkers typical of salmon feed (18:1ω9, 18:2ω6 and 20:1ω9) and lower ω3/ω6 ratio in the captive sea cucumbers were also in line with assimilation of the waste. However, male and female sea cucumbers from the co-culture became smaller with time, their organ indices were lower than those of wild individuals (e.g. poorly developed gonad), and their biochemical composition differed: triacylglycerol content was greater in wild individuals and phospholipid content was greater in captive individuals. Also, FA profiles of all tissues differed between the 2 groups, whereas total lipid in muscle bands and gonad remained similar. Overall, results support that co-culture with suspension-feeding sea cucumbers may help mitigate the salmon industry footprint. In turn, the biochemical composition of the sea cucumbers changed, and their reduced size and body indices suggest that this food source does not provide suitable nutrients to sustain growth and reproduction.
A Novel Approach to Elasto-Plastic and Plastic Finite Element Analysis of Functionally Graded Beams under Transverse Pressure Loading
Authors: Hashempoor Davood , Talebitooti Rouhollah
Published: March 2020

In this study a new numerical-analytical method for elasto-plastic and plastic modelling and simulating of FG beams is presented. The functionally graded (FG) beam composed of ten layers through the thickness and it is assumed that the mechanical properties of the beam vary through the thickness described by a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of constituents. The beam is assumed to be under transverse pressure load. In this paper a new method is presented based on linearization of the nonlinear part of the stress-strain curve of the material of the layers of the FG beam and using the elastic relations for bending analysis of beams. Numerical results for functionally graded beam are given and results of this paper for homogeneous beam are compared with other methods and good agreement is obtained between them. In addition, the effects of material properties on the stress field through the thickness of the FG beam are determined and discussed.
Fuel Cell Power Train System Simulation of a Car SAMAND SOREN
Authors: Khosravi Arash
Published: March 2020

Due to increasing energy crisis and environmental problems because of air pollution, fuel cell hybrid vehicles are considered as an alternative for internal combustion (IC) vehicles. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are the most proper kind of fuel cells for portable usage due to high power density and low performance temperature. In this paper, power train system of a real car, SAMAND SOREN, is modeled and simulated using a dynamic model in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Five important subsystems in the model are: cathode air supply system, anode fuel supply system, electric motor, battery, and power transmission system. Finally, parameters like power and voltage produced by fuel cell, electric motor torque and vehicle speed are demonstrated as results.
Fuzzy Navigation of a Driverless Car in Fully Unknown Dynamic Environment
Authors: Jamalnia Amir
Published: March 2020

This paper presents the theoretical development of a fuzzy logic based controller for navigation of an Ackermann-like driverless car subjected to kinematic and dynamic constraints in a completely unknown dynamic environment. This controller guides the car from its current position to its end position without any collision with static or dynamic obstacles. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Providing a New Strategy for Reducing the Queue Congestion in the Refah Chain Store of Zahedan, Analyzing and Simulating of the Queuing System by Using Minitab and Arena Software
Authors: Sadatmandzadeh Ali , Hosseinidoost Sepideh
Published: March 2020

Queuing theory is important as a statistical technique for solving problems, analyzing systems, and reducing the adverse effects of waiting. The present research has been done to solve the problem of overcrowding congestion during the distribution of subsidy goods in the Refah chain stores. The purpose of the research is to analyze the queuing system and provide a solution to overcome the crowds in the Refah stores. In this research, a way of providing customer service was reviewed, then customer arrival times, waiting times in queues and customer service were measured. The type of time distribution was followed by Minitab software. Then, the Arena software and the obtained distributions used to simulate the queue system of the store. And the simulation results were used to analyze the queuing system. The results showed that during the distribution of subsidy goods, to fix the queue congestion, 40% of customers should beat the 2nd fund and the rest should equally be divided between the 5th and 6th funds. The implementation of the run-queue system, before the customer enters the funds, is the innovation of this research.
An Enhanced Mathematical Model in Sports Events Timetabling
Authors: Simorghi Saeed , Bakhshandeh Mostafa
Published: March 2020

Events such as Olympics, Football World Cup and Golf and Tennis huge tournaments have always drawn the attention from fans and TV viewers. To obtain this attention many factors are involved. One the major reasons to attract fans is the time order of matches. Another factor is that prominent matches must be distributed over a time interval of the tournament. These make a problem which is called "Sport Events Timetabling". This article develops a MIP model to scheduling sport events. In this model, intrinsic constraints of sport events timetabling are considered. For example, it is possible to schedule group matches and matches which plays between two teams, simultaneously. At the end a case study is introduced and solved with the GAMS 9.32 software.
Numerical Investigation of The Effect of The Number of Blades of The Impeller On The Performance of Centrifugal Pumps
Authors: Pourtaghi Adel , Pouladi Heidar
Published: March 2020

A centrifugal pump is a pump which uses a rotating impeller for increasing the pressure of a fluid. Fluid flows to pump from the impellers hole and get accelerated by it and flows toward the volute fast from where enters to the outlet of the pump. Having enough knowledge in the field of geometrical parameters has a great effect on improving the designing and making this kind of pumps. The present study intends to take a small step in this field by evaluation of the effect of mentioned parameters and simulation of fluid current in inside the pumps. For reaching to this goal different number of blades in modelled in impellers and the performance of pump in simulated in Ansys CFX software and finally the results of CFD studies are presented as charts and curves.
The Analysis of Large Deformation of Beam by Functionally Graded Material (FGM) Under Uniform Transverse Loading
Authors: Hashempoor Davood , ShojaeeFard Mohammadhassan
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we study the analysis of the large beam deformation (FGM) under the uniform transverse loading. The mechanical properties of the beam including the modulus of elasticity and the Poisson coefficient are a function of the thickness of the beam (The Power Distribution Law). Principle equations for the FG-beams are obtained using the Von-Carmen theory for large deformities. The results are obtained by minimizing the total potential energy and solving it. The numerical examples are presented for this method. In this paper, the effect of material properties on the stress basin is examined from a thickness perspective. It discusses the effects of nonlinear terms in strain-relational relations.
Study of Effects of Asymmetric Liquidity Risk in the Capital Market of Iran
Authors: Panahi Hadi , Daryani Solmaz , Amiri Shahin
Published: March 2020

Cash-flow risk is one of the main factors influencing in the capital market of Iran. In this regard, the study has examined the effect of Iran's asymmetric liquidity risk in the capital market. This study is based on econometric model of EGARCH from the family of heterogeneity of variance model after extracting the positive and negative shocks analyzes that leverage effect has different effects for a unit of positive shock and a single unit of negative shock, goods price index and consumer services, exchange rate and liquidity risk on dividends. As well as significant negative impact of liquidity risk, significant positive impact of exchange rate, consumer services and goods price index can be seen on the index of dividends.
Investigating the Impact of Operational Accountability to Environmental Conditions on Organizational Performance
Authors: Rahimzadeh Afshin
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigating the impact of operational accountability to environmental conditions On organizational performance. Research in terms of purpose, applied and the method of collecting descriptive surveying information Data were collected through a questionnaire. The statistical population of the safety glass company staff was 500 people. According to the Jersey and Morgan table, the sample size is about 217. Sampling method is a simple random probability. The results showed that operational accountability to environmental conditions has a positive impact on organizational performance. Also, operational responsiveness to environmental conditions has a positive impact on customer retention and financial performance.
Optimization of Fuel Consumption of a SI Engine Using Variable Valve Timing and Variable Length Intake Manifold Techniques
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad , Keshavarz Mehdi
Published: March 2020

According to the world crisis about fuel consumption and environmental concerns regarding toxic emissions of internal combustion engines, the engines with higher efficiency and lower fuel consumption have been a topic of research in last decades. In this study, variable valve timing (VVT) and variable length intake manifold (VLIM) techniques are used to optimize the fuel consumption of an SI engine. At first, all components of engine are modeled in GT-POWER and a comparison with experimental results is performed to confirm the accuracy of the model. Then, the discrete-gird algorithm is employed to optimize the parameters in GT-POWER. The results obtained indicate that optimal valve timing and intake manifold length significantly reduces brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC).
Investigation the Electronic Chain Supply Management System in a Competitive Atmosphere and by Attention to Environmental Issues
Authors: Panahi Hadi , Amiri Shahin
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, in a world that manufacturing enterprises are working under hard competition condition and produce. On the other hand, electronic chain supply management which is the result of using the internet in this kind of management has made the enterprises to evaluate the demands of costumes and helps them to reach their goals in a competitive atmosphere. In this way, enterprises do not pay attention to hazards of using different materials. The main purpose of this research is investigating the electronic chain management in a competitive atmosphere and the research shows that competitive pressure has a significant effect on the amount of acceptance of electronic chain supply management. Moreover, the positive and significant effect is observed in the acceptance of enterprises for electronic chain supply management for competing with competitors.
Student Teachers' Perception on the Implementation of Introduction to the School Field as a Provision to Teaching Profession
Authors: Irvianti Rekha , Antosa Zariul , Noviana Eddy
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of the student teachers of the Elementary School Teacher Study Program (PGSD) as a provision to the teaching profession. This research is a quantitative descriptive. The population of this study were all student teachers from batch 2015 and 2016 who had participated in the introduction to the school field (PLP) program. Sampling in this study was taken using accidental techniques, seen from the number of research samples of 50 student teachers of batch 2015 and 47 student teachers of batch 2016. The data collection method used was a questionnaire. Data analysis techniques were done using quantitative data analysis of percentage formulas. Student perceptions can be seen from each indicator as follows: (1) Indicator of absorption of stimuli or objects from outside individuals from the perception of batch 2015 student teachers acquired an average percentage of 75.28% with the category of "good" and from the perception of batch 2016 student teachers acquired the average percentage of 75.82% with the category "good". (2) Indicators of understanding from the perception of batch 2015 student teachers acquired an average percentage of 78.18% with the category "good" and from the perception of batch 2016 student teachers acquired an average percentage of 69.98% with the category of "good". (3) Indicators of assessment or evaluation from the perception of batch 2015 student teachers acquired an average percentage of 76.76% with the category of "good" and from the perception of batch 2016 student teachers acquired an average percentage of 78.73% with the category of good. Student teachers' perception of the implementation of introduction to the school field (PLP) as a provision to the teaching profession is categorized as "good".
Victimización Sexual en la Infancia e Intervención Basada en la Evidencia:
Authors: Kanter Bárbara , Pereda Noemí
Published: March 2020

La victimización sexual infantil es un grave problema que afecta a uno de cada cinco niños y niñas de nuestro país y que requiere de una intervención temprana y eficaz, que permita superar las graves consecuencias que sus víctimas manifiestan. La Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual Focalizada en el Trauma (TF-CBT) es el modelo de intervención que reúne una mayor cantidad de evidencia en cuanto a su efectividad. Con un mínimo de 8 y un máximo de 25 sesiones de 50 minutos, en las que se trabaja con la víctima de entre 3 y 18 años y sus cuidadores, se ofrece psicoeducación sobre la experiencia de victimización, se tratan habilidades parentales que pueden haberse visto afectadas por la situación, técnicas de relajación que permitan reducir la hiperactivación del sistema de afrontamiento al estrés, identificación y expresión emocional, el triángulo entre pensamientos, emociones y conductas, la narrativa del trauma y el procesamiento cognitivo de los pensamientos distorsionados, la exposición a situaciones o lugares angustiantes, así como estrategias para mejorar la seguridad en el futuro. Es necesario que los profesionales de nuestro país se puedan formar en este modelo y confirmar sus positivos resultados en el tratamiento de víctimas de abuso sexual infantil en España.
Terapia Dialéctico Conductual Radicalmente Abierta para la Anorexia Nerviosa
Authors: De la Vega Rodríguez Irene , Montalvo Calahorra Teresa
Published: March 2020

La Terapia Dialectico Conductual “Radically Open” (RO TDC) es una terapia transdiagnótica desarrollada  para abordar el exceso de control (overcontrol) presente en trastornos graves como la Anorexia Nerviosa. El exceso de control es un modo afrontamiento desadaptativo que emerge de factores temperamentales y factores sociales y que se asocia con aislamiento social, déficit relacional, hiperperfeccionismo, rigidez, evitación del riesgo e inhibición emocional. La RO TDC tiene como objetivos la apertura a la  experiencia y al feedback negativo como oportunidad de aprendizaje, la flexibilidad para adaptarse a un entorno en permanente cambio, y el establecimiento de vínculos sociales. En el tratamiento se prioriza el placer, la relajación y la unión,  tomando como diana principal los déficit en señalización social que perpetuán el aislamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una visión general de los principios teóricos y las estrategias terapéuticas de la RO TDC, haciendo hincapié en su aplicación y utilidad en la Anorexia Nerviosa.
Contradicciones de la psiquiatría médica
Authors: Company Ortega Julio
Published: March 2020

Este texto no trata sobre una nueva psiquiatría o un manifiesto de ruptura con el abordaje actual de los trastornos mentales. Más bien trata de poner de relieve el alejamiento sistemático de lo genuino del individuo, por un proceder basto, impreciso, pero a la vez implacable, característico de la psiquiatría médica imperante. Me cuestiono si esta aproximación al padecimiento existencial no contribuye, por el contrario, a la cronificación de dicho sufrimiento al verse forzado el sujeto a identificarse, sin opción, a una posición pasiva que lo sitúa como enfermo mental. Desde la mirada de un psiquiatra al uso se resaltan contradicciones evidentes, tanto en la teoría como en la práctica, y se indaga sobre el núcleo del aferramiento, terco, a las mismas.
Técnica de la Rejilla como Instrumento de Evaluación en Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria
Authors: Pardos Gascon Estela Maria , Gómez Calmaestra Nicolás , Rodríguez Vacas María Victoria
Published: March 2020

Objetivos: se pretende ofrecer una evaluación mediante la Técnica de la Rejilla Interpersonal (TRI) de los factores de estructura y contenido cognitivo (autoestima y autodefinición), así como de las relaciones interpersonales. Así como explorar las relaciones entre estos conceptos y factores clínicos tradicionales como el IMC, la edad de inicio de los síntomas, tiempo de tratamiento, duración media de los ingresos, número de ingresos y tiempo entre el inicio de los síntomas y el primer tratamiento. Asimismo, también se relacionarán estas variables con las puntuaciones obtenidas en EDI-2 e EAT-26. Método: El estudio se realizó sobre una muestra de 20 pacientes con TCA procedentes de la Unidad de Hospitalización de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria del Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante. Resultados y conclusiones: la muestra tenía alta rigidez, escasa flexibilidad y baja indefinición cognitiva. Presentaba autoestima media y construcción del si mismo con múltiples constructos. Se observa que la mayor distancia con la madre correlaciona con mayor edad de inicio de los síntomas, mientras la distancia mayor con el padre se relaciona con ineficacia interpersonal, tendencia a la delgadez, insatisfacción corporal y menor confianza interpersonal. Asimismo, mayor distancia entre el yo ideal y el padre correlaciona con alto perfeccionismo.
Identidad y Proceso Emocional de Cambio en los Trastornos del Comportamiento Alimentario
Authors: Beato-Fernández Luis , Rodríguez-Cano Teresa
Published: March 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es desarrollar un enfoque del tratamiento de los trastornos alimentarios considerando aspectos relacionados con la propia identidad del paciente. Incorporando aspectos como el vínculo en la infancia, o la necesidad de integración por el grupo de pares durante la adolescencia, identificar las propias emociones y las conductas asociadas con el objetivo de validarlas e integrarlas. Basándonos en la propia individualidad restablecer el sentido de continuidad y coherencia de la propia trayectoria de vida, interrumpida por situaciones traumáticas que no fueron elaboradas emocionalmente. Esto favorecería un cambio de conducta para que de nuevo vuelva a estar en coherencia con el propio proyecto vital.
Complicaciones Médicas de los pacientes con Trastornos Alimentarios y de la Ingestión de Alimentos.
Authors: Peña Virginia María
Published: March 2020

Los pacientes con trastornos alimentarios pueden sufrir complicaciones médicas a nivel de distintos órganos y sistemas, la mayoría de las veces derivados del predominio de la conducta alimentaria (restrictiva o purgativa), de la intensidad de la misma (sobre todo de la pérdida de peso), así como de la duración de la enfermedad. El conocimiento de las distintas afecciones que pueden ocurrir es fundamental para poder realizar una aproximación diagnóstica precoz y derivar al equipo especializado que será el encargado de realizar un tratamiento y seguimiento adecuados. A veces una de estas complicaciones médicas puede ser la clave para realizar un diagnóstico definitivo de aquellos casos clínicos más complejos. En esta revisión se profundizará en las distintas complicaciones orgánicas de los trastornos de la alimentación más prevalentes como son la anorexia y bulimia nerviosas, así como su diagnóstico y el tratamiento.
EDITORIAL: Complejidad de los trastornos alimentarios
Authors: Hernangómez Laura
Published: March 2020

Editorial del monográfico sobre Complejidad de los trastornos alimentarios
Obstáculos en el tratamiento de los Trastornos Alimentarios: Propuestas para superarlos
Authors: Kirszman Diana
Published: March 2020

Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) conforman un conjunto de cuadros complejos, en muchos casos discapacitantes y que tienden en un alto porcentaje a la cronicidad (Klump, Bulik, Kaye, Treasure y Tyson, 2009), con altas tasas de mortalidad y suicidio (Fichter y Quadflieg, 2016; Hoang, Goldacre y James, 2014). Diversas fuentes informan que en la actualidad contamos con suficiente evidencia de las pocas oportunidades en la mayoría de los pacientes con TCA para lograr una recuperación plena en sus tratamientos (Murray, 2019). Necesitamos mejorar nuestras intervenciones terapéuticas y un punto fundamental en esa dirección es conocer con más profundidad cuáles son los obstáculos que se presentan y cómo abordarlos. En el presente trabajo nos enfocaremos en barreras que son particularmente significativas durante el proceso de la intervención terapéutica: la cronicidad, que tiene fundamental importancia respecto de la naturaleza del trastorno y alimenta fuertemente las creencias negativas (no sólo del paciente) respecto a la expectativa de posibles logros terapéuticos; la elevada comorbilidad, que hace particularmente difícil en muchos casos la elaboración de un diagnóstico preciso y, por consiguiente, de un adecuado diseño de tratamiento; y la Resistencia que presenta un conjunto de mecanismos que dificultan los procesos de cambio.
Factores de riesgo psicosociales en los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria: Una revisión y algunas consideraciones para la prevención y la intervención
Authors: Gismero González María Elena
Published: March 2020

Identificar factores de riesgo es esencial para poder desarrollar estrategias preventivas y orientar intervenciones eficaces de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). El objetivo de esta revisión es examinar algunos factores psicosociales (socioculturales, contextuales y psicológicos) que han demostrado incrementar el riesgo de desarrollar un TCA, prestando especial atención a los hallazgos provenientes de estudios longitudinales prospectivos. Todos los factores relacionados con la exposición al ideal social de delgadez en la mujer y la presión para conseguirlo, como la exposición a los medios, las presiones para adelgazar, la internalización del ideal de delgadez, y las expectativas al adelgazar, son factores de riesgo capaces de predecir incrementos en los niveles de insatisfacción corporal, práctica de dietas o síntomas bulímicos, en mujeres adolescentes y jóvenes. Algunos rasgos de personalidad (perfeccionismo, emocionalidad negativa, síntomas depresivos, baja autoestima, impulsividad/urgencia negativa), así como ciertos funcionamientos parentales inadecuados, y el contacto con pares con preocupaciones y patrones similares, también han mostrado ser predictivos del desarrollo de síntomas de trastornos de conducta alimentaria. Concluimos la revisión con algunas sugerencias a tener en cuenta en las intervenciones preventivas y clínicas.
Actualización de las Intervenciones Dirigidas al Contexto Familiar en los Trastornos del Comportamiento Alimentario: El Rol de los Padres
Authors: Sepúlveda Ana Rosa , Moreno Alba , Beltrán Lucía
Published: March 2020

Los cuidadores de las personas que sufren un trastorno del comportamiento alimentario (TCA) suelen presentar problemas de salud y estrés asociados con la experiencia de ser cuidador. Mayoritariamente son los padres, ya que el inicio de este trastorno es durante la adolescencia. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión acerca de cuál es la implicación de los factores familiares en la etiología de los TCA, conocer el impacto en la salud y las necesidades de las familias. Se revisaron algunas de las principales intervenciones dirigidas a la psicoeducación o a enseñar habilidades de afrontamiento. Los resultados muestran principalmente que existen algunos aspectos de las familias que pueden facilitar el mantenimiento de la patología como la emoción expresada o acomodarse a la sintomatología alimentaria de los hijos. Los resultados muestran la importancia de intervenir en los factores mantenedores asociados al rol del cuidador familiar, y que las intervenciones dirigidas a enseñar habilidades de afrontamiento han demostrado buenos resultados tanto en el bienestar de los familiares como en la sintomatología alimentaria de los pacientes.
Efectos del Ejercicio Físico en pacientes con Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria
Authors: Tabares Olmedilla Sara
Published: March 2020

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria presentan diferentes relaciones con el ejercicio físico. La anorexia, bulimia y trastorno por atracón se asocian con riesgos que repercuten en la salud física y con una morbilidad psicosocial considerables, así como con un mayor riesgo de mortalidad. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática para determinar el efecto del ejercicio sobre el estado físico y psíquico en la población que padece este tipo de psicopatologías Para ello, en primer lugar, se establecieron las diferencias entre ejercicio problemático y saludable. En la actualidad, existen discrepancias sobre la prescripción de actividad física en el tratamiento de este tipo de pacientes, ya que el ejercicio compulsivo está presente, sobre todo, en dos de estos trastornos: anorexia y bulimia.
Recensión. Evaluación Psicológica. Proceso, técnicas y aplicaciones en áreas y contextos
Authors: García Martínez Jesús
Published: March 2020

Recensión del libro: Evaluación Psicológica. Proceso, técnicas y aplicaciones en áreas y contextos.
Editoras: Carmen Moreno Rosset e Isabel María Ramírez Uclés (UNED).
Editorial Sanz y Torres, Madrid (2019).
Study of the AMP-activated Protein Kinase Role in Energy Metabolism Changes during the Postmortem Aging of Yak Longissimus dorsal
Authors: Yang Yayuan , Han Ling , Yu Qunli , Gao Yongfang , Song Rende
Published: March 2020

To explore the postmortem physiological mechanism of muscle, activity of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) as well as its role in energy metabolism of postmortem yaks were studied. In this experiment, we injected 5-amino-1-beta-d-furanonyl imidazole-4-formamide (AICAR), a specific activator of AMPK, and STO-609 to observe the changes in glycolysis, energy metabolism, AMPK activity, and AMPK gene expression (PRKA1 and PRKA2) in postmortem yaks during maturation. The results showed that AICAR could increase the expression of the PRKKA1 and PRKAA2 genes, activate AMPK and increase its activity. The effects of AICAR include a lower concentration of ATP, an increase in AMP production, an acceleration of glycolysis, an increase in the lactic acid concentration, and a decrease in the pH value. In contrast, STO-609 had the opposite effect. Under hypoxic adaptation, the activity of the meat AMPK increased, which accelerated glycolysis and metabolism and more effectively regulated energy metabolism. Therefore, this study lays the foundation for establishing a theoretical system of energy metabolism in postmortem yak meat.
Characterization of Oligofructose-Induced Acute Rumen Lactic Acidosis and the Appearance of Laminitis in Zebu Cattle
Authors: Sousa Rejane dos Santos , Oliveira Francisco Leonardo Costa de , Dias Mailson Rennan Borges , Minami Natalia Sato , Amaral Leonardo do , Santos Juliana Aparecida Alves dos , Barrêto Júnior Raimundo Alves , Minervino Antonio Humberto Hamad , Ortolani Enrico Lippi
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to characterize oligofructose-induced acute rumen lactic acidosis and its consequences in zebu cattle. We used 29 Nellore heifers which were submitted to experimental induction of laminitis by oligofructose excess. During the induction period, the animals underwent clinical examination, including laminitis diagnosis (hoof pressure testing and locomotion score) and blood and ruminal fluid sampling every six hours (over the initial 24 h) and every 12 h (up to 72 h), after the highest dose. Almost half of the animals (48.1%) required treatment with bicarbonate and saline to correct metabolic acidosis and dehydration. Due to this treatment, the animals were analyzed in treated (n = 13) and non-treated (n = 14) groups. The induction model promoted marked reduction in rumen pH, rumen anaerobiosis, carbon dioxide pressure, and increase in rumen lactate, blood osmolarity, and cortisol concentration. The animals treated had lower values of rumen pH and marked dehydration, evidenced by the increase in globular volume and serum urea. The clinical condition caused by excess oligofructose is severe, with the differential of the appearance of ephemeral fever and respiratory compensation against systemic acidosis, in addition to the frequent appearance of laminitis.