bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bibliographie partielle des oeuvres de philosophie en langue française pour l'annee 1993
Authors: Racevskis Karlis , Mulala Béatrice
Published: March 2011

none
Gabriel Marcel and Postmodernism: Perspectives on a Broken World
Authors: Hanley K.R
Published: March 2011

none
Diane Rubenstein, What's Left? The Ecole Normale Supérisure and the Right
Authors: Sanko Helene
Published: March 2011

none
Roger Woolhouse. Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz: The Concept of Substance in Seventeenth Century Metaphysics
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Gabriel Marcel and the Postmodern World
Authors: Michaud Thomas A.
Published: March 2011

none
Science and Wisdom (Gabriel Marcel)
Authors: Cranston Maurice
Published: March 2011

none
Creative Fidelity in a Changing World
Authors: Pax Clyde
Published: March 2011

none
Personhood and the Mystery of Being: Marcel's Ontology of Communion, Presence and Availability
Authors: Randall Albert
Published: March 2011

none
Concrete Encounter with Evil in Gabriel Marcel's Drama
Authors: De Lacoste Guillemine
Published: March 2011

none
Conditions Conducive to Peace in Gabriel Marcel
Authors: Gendreau Bernard
Published: March 2011

none
Comptes Rendus
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
L'opacité de l'histoire
Authors: Vergnioux Alain
Published: March 2011

none
Le "Mal radical" et la critique kantienne du christianisme
Authors: Simont Juliette
Published: March 2011

none
Kant est-il le Robespierre de la philosophie?
Authors: D'Hondt Jacques
Published: March 2011

none
De Ceux qui ne se connaissent pas eux-memes
Authors: Douailler Stephane
Published: March 2011

none
Notice sur Jacques D'Hondt
Authors: Vigni Fiorinda Li
Published: March 2011

none
Ce que les "jeunes hegeliens" savaient de Hegel
Authors: D'Hondt Jacques
Published: March 2011

none
La critique hegelienne et la metaphysique
Authors: D'Hondt Jacques
Published: March 2011

none
Les deux methodes de Descartes
Authors: D'Hondt Jacques
Published: March 2011

none
Critique theorique et difference sociale
Authors: D'Hondt Jacques
Published: March 2011

none
Richard Beardworth, Derrida & the Political
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Jon Simons, Foucault & the Politcal
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Patrick Thierry, La tolérance: Société démocratique, opinions, vices et vertus
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Paul Patton, Ed. Deleuze: A Critical Reader
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Will McNeil & Karen Feldman, Eds. Modern European Philosophy: An Anthology
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Simon Critchley & William Schroeder, A Companion to Continental Philosophy
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Gerard Genette, The Work of Art: Immanence and Transcendance
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Gilbert Hottois, De la Renaissance à la Postmodernité: Une histoire de la philosophie moderne et contemporaine
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Andre Jacob, Temps et Langage: Essai sur les structures du sujet parlant
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Theodore Jouffroy, Mélanges philosophiques
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Gilbert Boss, Introduction aux Techniques de la Philosophie: Analyse de I'Idée de Justice
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Dikka Berven, Montaigne: A Collection of Essays
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Heidegger: Ek-Sistence authentique et ethique comme thanatologie
Authors: Gbotokuma Zekeh S.
Published: March 2011

none
La sanction en taut qu'element corrupteur de la moralite chez J, M. Guyau
Authors: Riba Jordi
Published: March 2011

none
Alain Renaut & Lukas Sosoe, Philosophie du droit
Authors: De Seife Rodolphe
Published: March 2011

none
Pierre Manent, The City of Man
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Marcel Gauchet, The Disenchantment of the World
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Nouvelles: Sartre à eichstått
Authors: McBride Bill
Published: March 2011

none
Bibliographie partielle des oeuvres de philosophie en langue française pour l'annee 1994
Authors: Racevski Karlis
Published: March 2011

none
Violence and Language
Authors: Ricoeur Paul
Published: March 2011

none
Taming Violence: Ricoeur and Derrida
Authors: Bourgeois Patrick L.
Published: March 2011

none
Reversibility and Ethics: The Question of Violence
Authors: Dillon Martin C.
Published: March 2011

none
"An Ethics of Violence Justifying Itself." Sartre's Explorations of Violence and Oppression
Authors: Bernasconi Robert
Published: March 2011

none
Rethinking the Pornography Debate: Some Ontological Considerations
Authors: Mui Constance
Published: March 2011

none
Sartre on Violence, Foucault on Power--A Diagnostic
Authors: Flynn Thomas R.
Published: March 2011

none
Levinas: Just War or Just War: Preface to Totality and Infinity
Authors: Cohen Richard A.
Published: March 2011

none
Voir ecouter penser
Authors: Charles Daniel
Published: March 2011

none
La Figuer de Job: Juin 1848 chez Renan et Leroux
Authors: Navet George
Published: March 2011

none
Ricoeur between Levinas and Heidegger: Another's Further Alterity
Authors: Bourgeois Patrick L.
Published: March 2011

none
Sartre: Un homme postmoderne
Authors: Busch Thomas W.
Published: March 2011

none
Juliette Simont, Jean-Paul Sartre: Un demi-siècle de liberté
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Jacques D'Hondt, Hegel et les Français
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Joachim Wilke, Jean-Marc Gabaude & Michel VaDéE Editeurs, Les chemins de la raison XXe siècle: La France à recherche de sa pensée
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Emmanuel Levinas, Entre nous; Thinking-of-the-Other
Authors: Editors The
Published: March 2011

none
Le citoyen comme personnage philosophique
Authors: Vermeren Patrice
Published: March 2011

none
L'indication formelle de la facticité: vers une "grammaontologie" heideggerérienne du temps
Authors: Kisiel Theodore
Published: March 2011

none
Beauvoir, Merleau-Ponty, and the Phenomenology of Relation
Authors: Kaufman Eleanor
Published: March 2011

none
Hegelian Dimensions of The Second Sex: A Feminist Consideration
Authors: Purvis Jennifer
Published: March 2011

none
Pourquoi reparler de Simone de Beauvoir
Authors: De Saivre Denyse
Published: March 2011

none
Traveling with De Beauvoir From India
Authors: Roy Tania
Published: March 2011

none
Otherness and Female Identities: Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex
Authors: Chiwengo Ngqarsungu
Published: March 2011

none
Interview with Alice Schwarzer
Authors: Engel Sabine
Published: March 2011

none
Responsabilité sémantique et responsabilité éthique
Authors: Salanskis Jean-Michel
Published: March 2011

none
Eschatology and Positivism: The Critique of Phenomenology in Derrida and Foucault
Authors: Lawlor Leonard
Published: March 2011

none
Jacques Derrida, Voyous: Deux essais sur la raison
Authors: Calcagno Antonio
Published: March 2011

none
Stella Sandford, The Metaphysics of Love: Gender and Transcendence in Levinas. Claire Elise Katz, Levinas, Judaism, and the Feminine: The Silent Footsteps of Rebecca
Authors: Benso Silvia
Published: March 2011

none
Bataille on Immanent and Transcendent Violence
Authors: Direk Zeynep
Published: March 2011

none
François Cusset, French Theory: Foucault, Derrida, Deleuze & Cie et les mutations de la vie intellectuelle aux états-unis
Authors: Kachra Karen
Published: March 2011

none
Oona Ajzenstat (Eisenstadt), Driven Back to the Text: The Premodern Sources of Levina's Postmodernism
Authors: Hatley James
Published: March 2011

none
Visual Outcome in Ocular Sarcoidosis: Retrospective Evaluation of Risk Factors
Authors: Miserocchi Elisabetta , Modorati Giulio , Di Matteo Federico , Galli Laura , Rama Paolo , Bandello Francesco
Published: March 2011

Purpose.

To analyze risk factors associated with poor visual outcome in patients with ocular sarcoidosis.

Methods.

In this retrospective study, charts of 44 patients with uveitis and biopsy-proven sarcoidosis were reviewed. Ocular parameters evaluated were as follows: location, type of uveitis, visual acuity, presence of posterior synechia, iris nodules, vitritis, snowballs, chorioretinal lesions, retinal vasculitis, papillitis, macular edema, cataract, and glaucoma. Final visual acuity of the worst-seeing eye at last follow-up was the outcome considered in univariable and multivariable analyses. Visual acuity of the worst-seeing eye was stratified into 2 categories according to the threshold 20/50 (≤20/50 and >20/50).

Results.

A total of 44 patients with bilateral uveitis were studied. The majority of patients presented with panuveitis (52%), granulomatous type (61%), posterior synechia (62%). The most frequent vision-threatening complications were cystoid macular edema (56%) and cataract (56%). The median best-corrected visual acuity in the worst-seeing eye at presentation and at end of follow-up was respectively 0.4 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.26–0.80) and 0.63 (IQR 0.36–1.00). At univariable analysis, the presence of iris nodules (p=0.049), cystoid macular edema (p=0.007), and cataract (p=0.007) were clinically significant conditions for a visual outcome of 20/50 or worse in the worst-seeing eye. In multivariable analysis, cystoid macular edema (p=0.034) was the only statistically significant predictor associated with unfavorable visual outcome.

Conclusions.

In this study, we attempted to find risk factors related to poor visual outcome in patients with ocular sarcoidosis. The results suggest that only the presence of cystoid macular edema was significantly associated with worst visual outcome.
Demonstrating the Influence of Water on Shape-Memory Polymer Networks Based on Poly[(Rac-Lactide)-Co-Glycolide] Segments in Vitro
Authors: Pierce Benjamin F. , Bellin Katja , Behl Marc , Lendlein Andreas
Published: March 2011

Thermally-responsive shape-memory polymers (SMP) are highly promising implant materials for applications in minimally-invasive surgery since the shape-memory effect (SME) enables the implantation of a bulky device in a compressed temporary state through a small incision. When heated to a temperature exceeding the material switching temperature (Tsw), the device recovers its original bulky shape. Therefore, SMP implants with Tsw ~ 37°C are required for such applications because the body cannot withstand excessive applications of heat. Here, Tsw of networks based on poly[(rac-lactide)-co-glycolide] star-shaped macrotriol or macrotetrols with 19–22 wt% glycolide content, varying oligomer molecular weight (Mn=3000–10000 g·mol−1), and netpoint functionality (f=3 or 4) were lowered from 55–66°C to below body temperature via the uptake of water, which also induced SME at body temperature. Programmed samples kept their temporary shape at room temperature in water as well as at 37°C under dry conditions but recovered in 37°C water. Water uptake/swelling studies and FTIR analysis indicated that the mechanism of solvent-induced SME involved the plasticization of water in switching domains as opposed to changes in swelling or hydrogen bonding. This indirect actuation of SME by using a combination of solvent and heat could be exploited in easy-to-handle shape-memory implant with slower degradation kinetics.
Microstructured thin Peptide-Polymer Films that Spatially Control the Surface-Attachment of Living Cells
Authors: Petersen Sönke , Biesalski Markus
Published: March 2011

Purpose

The integration of living cells into artificial microdevices requires close control of the interfacial interactions. Functional polymer coatings, such as peptide-polymer monolayers, can be used to guide the specific adhesion of living cells on surfaces in a spatially controlled fashion.

Methods

Silicon surfaces were modified with a protein repellent polymer film composed of poly(dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAA) attached to the peptide cell-recognition motif GRGDSP and a subsequent PDMAA backfill. Microstructuring was achieved through a photolithographical process using surface-bound photoreactive benzophenone. Cell adhesion assays with human fibroblasts were conducted to study the capabilities of this approach to induce a directed outgrowth of living cells and to confine cell colony sizes to single cell arrays.

Results

Human fibroblasts follow the chemically imprinted microstructures on peptide-polymer coated substrates. Lines of GRGDSP-PDMAA with a width of 10 μm induce a highly elongated cell shape whereas round spots with a diameter of 50 μm support only single cells per spot. Starting at a center-to-center distance of 100 μm between single peptide-polymer spots, cells are able to “bridge” non-adhesive PDMAA areas.

Conclusions

Peptide-polymer monolayers can direct the outgrowth and restrict the cell colony size through a variation of the imprinted chemical microstructures.
Assemblies of Functional Peptides and Their Applications in Building Blocks for Biosensors
Authors: de la Rica Roberto , Pejoux Christophe , Matsui Hiroshi
Published: March 2011

This feature article highlights our recent applications of functional peptide nanotubes, self‐assembled from short peptides with recognition elements, as building blocks to develop sensors. Peptide nanotubes with high aspect ratios are excellent building blocks for a directed assembly into device configurations, and their combined structures with nanometric diameters and micrometric lengths enables to bridge the “nanoworld” and the “microworld”. When the peptide‐nanotube‐based biosensors, which incorporate molecular recognition units, apply alternating current probes to detect impedance signals, the peptide nanotubes behave as excellent building blocks of the transducer for the detection of target analyes such as pathogens, cells, and heavey metal ions with high specificity. In some sensor configurations, the electric signal can be amplified by coupling them with ion‐specific mineralization via molecular recognition of peptides. In general the detection limit of peptide nanotube chips sensors is very low and the dynamic range of detection can be widened by improved device designs.
Nanocrystalline Magnesium Oxide Stabilized Palladium(0): An Efficient Reusable Catalyst for Room Temperature Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Layek Keya , Maheswaran H. , Arundhathi R. , Kantam M. Lakshmi , Bhargava Suresh K.
Published: March 2011

Nanocrystalline magnesium oxide‐stabilized palladium(0) [NAP‐Mg‐Pd(0)], as an efficient catalytic system has been employed for the selective oxidation of alcohols using atmospheric oxygen as a green oxidant at room temperature. Various alcohols could be transformed into their corresponding aldehydes or ketones in good to excellent yields using a set of optimal conditions. NanoActive™ Magnesium Oxide Plus, [NAP‐MgO] with its three‐dimensional structure and well‐defined shape acts as an excellent support for well dispersed palladium(0) nanoparticles. This catalyst can be recovered and reused for several cycles without any significant loss of catalytic activity.
Benzaldehyde Lyase‐Catalyzed Direct Amidation of Aldehydes with Nitroso Compounds
Authors: Ayhan Peruze , Demir Ayhan S.
Published: March 2011

Benzaldehyde lyase from the Pseudomonas fluorescens catalyzes the reaction of aromatic aldehydes with nitroso compounds and furnishes N‐arylhydroxamic acids in high yields. Aromatic aldehydes and benzoins are converted into enamine‐carbanion‐like intermediates prior to their reaction with nitroso compounds. The kinetic resolution of rac‐2‐hydroxy‐1,2‐diphenylethanones furnished (S)‐benzoins and arylhydroxamic acids with high enantioselectivities and conversions.
Graphite Oxide as an Auto‐Tandem Oxidation–Hydration–Aldol Coupling Catalyst
Authors: Jia Hong‐Peng , Dreyer Daniel R. , Bielawski Christopher W.
Published: March 2011

Graphite oxide (GO) was found to function as an auto‐tandem oxidation–hydration–aldol coupling catalyst for the formation of chalcones in a single reaction vessel. Various alkynes or alcohols were hydrated or oxidizedin situto their corresponding methyl ketones or aldehydes, respectively, which underwent a subsequent Claisen–Schmidt condensation. Each of the aforementioned reactions proceeded in the absence of metals (confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP‐MS) and afforded a range of chalcone products in good to excellent yields from commercially available starting materials.
Factors associated with working status among workers assessed at a specialized worker's compensation board psychological trauma program
Authors: Hensel Jennifer M. , Bender Ash , Bacchiochi Jason , Dewa Carolyn S.
Published: March 2011

Background

Psychological morbidity following trauma occurring in the workplace can impact return to work but few studies have investigated this.

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis of administrative data from a specialized workers' compensation board psychological trauma program in Toronto, Canada. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to examine factors associated with working status at the time of assessment for workers referred within 1 year of traumatic event.

Results

Having a disrupted marriage (OR = 3.06, 95% CI 1.14–8.20), sustaining a permanently impairing physical injury (OR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.01–7.55) and the presence of secondary psychiatric diagnoses (OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.34–4.83) were significantly associated with not working at the time of assessment. When the analyses were subset to workers without permanently impairing physical injuries, only the presence of additional psychiatric diagnoses was significantly associated with not working (OR = 3.81, 95% CI 1.48–9.83).

Conclusions

Return to work after trauma can be a complicated and difficult to treat problem. Social supports, physical rehabilitation and treatment of complex mental health problems likely play a crucial role in improving outcomes. Am. J. Ind. Med. 54:552–559, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of lactation on the time‐budgets and foraging patterns of female black howlers (Alouatta pigra)
Authors: Dias Pedro Américo D. , Rangel‐Negrín Ariadna , Canales‐Espinosa Domingo
Published: March 2011

Lactation is an energy demanding phase in the reproductive cycle of female mammals. For this reason, several studies have assessed the effects of lactation on female behavior. In this study we examine the influence of lactation on the time‐budgets and foraging patterns of female black howlers (Alouatta pigra) in Campeche, Mexico. We observed 32 adult females and 35 infants belonging to 14 groups of black howlers for a total of 2,224 focal hours. We found that lactating females spent more time being inactive and feeding from fruits than nonlactating females. In addition, during the first two‐thirds of lactation females were more active (i.e., rested less, fed more, devoted more time to social activities, and moved more) and foraged more intensively (i.e., ranged over larger distances, used more feeding trees and feeding species, and consumed more leaves) than females in the last third of lactation. Lactation seems to force black howler females to reduce activity and to maximize the intake of high‐quality foods, with inactivity being the highest during late lactation, when females probably face the cumulative effects of nursing older infants and of a new pregnancy. Early lactation is probably the most energetically demanding stage of lactation for black howler females. This study demonstrates that despite being energetically constrained by a highly folivorous diet, reproductive state affects several dimensions of the behavior of black howler females. Therefore, variation in time‐budgets and foraging strategies of howlers has been probably underestimated by previous research that has not considered physiological differences among individuals. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome‐wide association studies of cerebral white matter lesion burden
Authors: Fornage Myriam , Debette Stephanie , Bis Joshua C. , Schmidt Helena , Ikram M. Arfan , Dufouil Carole , Sigurdsson Sigurdur , Lumley Thomas , DeStefano Anita L. , Fazekas Franz , Vrooman Henri A. , Shibata Dean K. , Maillard Pauline , Zijdenbos Alex , Smith Albert V. , Gudnason Haukur , de Boer Renske , Cushman Mary , Mazoyer Bernard , Heiss Gerardo , Vernooij Meike W. , Enzinger Christian , Glazer Nicole L. , Beiser Alexa , Knopman David S. , Cavalieri Margherita , Niessen Wiro J. , Harris Tamara B. , Petrovic Katja , Lopez Oscar L. , Au Rhoda , Lambert Jean‐Charles , Hofman Albert , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Garcia Melissa , Heckbert Susan R. , Atwood Larry D. , Catellier Diane J. , Uitterlinden Andre G. , Yang Qiong , Smith Nicholas L. , Aspelund Thor , Romero Jose R. , Rice Kenneth , Taylor Kent D. , Nalls Michael A. , Rotter Jerome I. , Sharrett Richey , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Amouyel Philippe , Wolf Philip A. , Gudnason Vilmundur , van der Lugt Aad , Boerwinkle Eric , Psaty Bruce M. , Seshadri Sudha , Tzourio Christophe , Breteler Monique M. B. , Mosley Thomas H. , Schmidt Reinhold , Longstreth W. T. , DeCarli Charles , Launer Lenore J.
Published: March 2011

Objective:

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) detectable by magnetic resonance imaging are part of the spectrum of vascular injury associated with aging of the brain and are thought to reflect ischemic damage to the small deep cerebral vessels. WMHs are associated with an increased risk of cognitive and motor dysfunction, dementia, depression, and stroke. Despite a significant heritability, few genetic loci influencing WMH burden have been identified.

Methods:

We performed a meta‐analysis of genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) for WMH burden in 9,361 stroke‐free individuals of European descent from 7 community‐based cohorts. Significant findings were tested for replication in 3,024 individuals from 2 additional cohorts.

Results:

We identified 6 novel risk‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1 locus on chromosome 17q25 encompassing 6 known genes including WBP2, TRIM65, TRIM47, MRPL38, FBF1, and ACOX1. The most significant association was for rs3744028 (pdiscovery = 4.0 × 10−9; preplication = 1.3 × 10−7; pcombined = 4.0 × 10−15). Other SNPs in this region also reaching genome‐wide significance were rs9894383 (p = 5.3 × 10−9), rs11869977 (p = 5.7 × 10−9), rs936393 (p = 6.8 × 10−9), rs3744017 (p = 7.3 × 10−9), and rs1055129 (p = 4.1 × 10−8). Variant alleles at these loci conferred a small increase in WMH burden (4–8% of the overall mean WMH burden in the sample).

Interpretation:

This large GWAS of WMH burden in community‐based cohorts of individuals of European descent identifies a novel locus on chromosome 17. Further characterization of this locus may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of cerebral WMH. Ann Neurol 2011;69:928–939
Variability of water uptake studies of biomedical polymers
Authors: Valenzuela Loreto M. , Michniak Bozena , Kohn Joachim
Published: March 2011

Water uptake influences many properties of polymers and has been widely studied. In the context of polymeric biomaterials, several publications reported an unusual high variability of analytical results, without further investigating the cause for this phenomenon. Using selected polymers from the library of L‐tyrosine‐derived polyarylates and poly(D,L lactic acid), we showed that nonaged and nonannealed compression molded film samples exhibit the typical large variation in water uptake observed in previous reports. The introduction of an annealing step allows accurate and reproducible water uptake measurements for these polymers. We evaluated the use of 3H‐radiolabeled water for the determination of water uptake, finding that the use of radiolabeled water yields statistically indistinguishable measurements, compared to gravimetric methods, while providing significant advantages in throughput and sensitivity. Using the recommended methods of annealing and 3H‐radiolabled water, the water uptake profiles of 24 polymers of the library of L‐tyrosine‐derived polyarylates are reported. This article addresses experimental concerns related to water uptake studies and may assist other researchers in improving the accuracy of their water uptake results. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Injection molding and injection compression molding of thin‐walled light‐guided plates with V‐grooved microfeatures
Authors: Huang Ming‐Shyan , Chung Chin‐Feng
Published: March 2011

In this study, we investigated the feasibility of injection molding (IM) and injection compression molding (ICM) for fabricating 3.5‐in. light‐guided plates (LGPs). The LGP was 0.4 mm thick with v‐grooved microfeatures (10 μm wide and 5 μm deep). A mold was designed to fabricate LGPs by IM and ICM. Micromachining was used to make the mold insert. The Taguchi method and parametric analysis were applied to examine the effects of the process parameters on the molding quality. The following parameters were considered: barrel temperature, mold temperature, packing pressure, and packing time. Mold temperature in this investigation was in the conventional range. Increasing the barrel temperature and mold temperature generally improved the polymer melt fill in the cavities with microdimensions. The experimental results for the replication of microfeatures by IM and ICM are presented and compared. The height of the v‐grooved microfeatures replicated by ICM was more accurate than those replicated by IM. Additionally, the flatness of the fabricated LGPs showed that ICM was better than IM for thin‐walled molding. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Impregnation of poly(L‐lactide‐ran‐cyclic carbonate) copolymers with useful compounds with supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Tsutsumi Chikara , Fukukawa Naohisa , Sakafuji Jun , Oro Kazuyuki , Hata Kazuaki , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi
Published: March 2011

In this article, we cover the development of L‐lactide (L‐LA) random copolymers into which useful compounds, such as repellents and antibacterial agents, were impregnated by high concentration. Outstanding controlled release materials were developed with statistical random copolymers of L‐LA with cyclic carbonate (CC) [2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (2,2‐DTMC) or tetramethylene carbonate (TEMC)] with tin 2‐ethyL‐hexanoate as a catalyst at 150°C (2,2‐DTMC) or 120°C (TEMC) for 24 h without solvent. The preparation of improved controlled release materials was performed with useful organic compounds with low boiling points and synthetic L‐LA random copolymers containing CCs as base materials under supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2). Low‐boiling‐point compounds, such as d‐limonene and hinokitiol, were used. In impregnation experiments with scCO2, the amounts of low‐boiling‐point compounds increased with increasings L‐LA content. The compound content impregnated into poly(L‐lactide‐ran‐cyclic carbonate) [poly(L‐LA‐ran‐CC)] was greater than that of the experiment with poly(L‐lactide‐ran‐ε‐caprolactone) previously studied. When the enzymatic degradation of poly(L‐LA‐ran‐CC) was performed with proteinase K, copolymers with a greater L‐LA content degraded more rapidly than did copolymers with a greater CC content. In a controlled release experiment with poly(L‐lactide‐ran‐2,2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) (76/24) or poly(L‐lactide‐ran‐tetramethylene carbonate) (81/19), the rate of polymer degradation and the rate of impregnated compound release were almost the same. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Retracted: Preparation and characterization of a bacterial cellulose/chitosan composite for potential biomedical application
Authors: Zhijiang Cai , Chengwei Hou , Guang Yang
Published: March 2011

The following article from the Journal of Applied Polymer Science, “Preparation and Characterization of a Bacterial Cellulose/Chitosan Composite for Potential Biomedical Application” by Cai Zhijiang, Hou Chengwei, and Yang Guang, published online on 3 March 2011 in Wiley OnlineLibrary (J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011, 121, 1488; http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/app.33661/full), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editor in Chief, Stefano Tonzani, and the publisher, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The retraction has been agreed due to significant overlap with respect to another article, published in the Journal of Polymer Research (2011, 18, 739) and authored by a subset of the present authors.
Effect of hydrogen‐bonding in the development of high‐affinity metal ion complexants: Polymer‐bound phosphorylated cyclodextrin
Authors: Zhu Xiaoping , Alexandratos Spiro D.
Published: March 2011

In a series of phosphorylated polyols bound to a polystyrene support, the position of the FTIR band assigned to hydrogen bonding between the OH and phosphoryl oxygen correlates with the affinity of that phosphoryl oxygen for metal ions. Polymer with phosphorylated β‐cyclodextrin (pCD) ligands is now reported as a further test of this correlation. The metal ion affinity is probed with the uranyl ion. pCD is the most red‐shifted of a series of five phosphorylated polyols: the strongest polyol had been phosphorylated pentaerythritol (pPE) with a band at 873 cm−1; pCD has a band at 868 cm−1. Consistent with the FTIR bands, pCD has a significantly higher affinity for the uranyl ion than pPE: the percents complexed from a 10−4M uranyl solution in a background of 1.0N HNO3, HCl, and H2SO4 are 94.7%, 90.5%, and 93.6%, respectively, for pCD and 68.6%, 52.1%, and 40.1%, respectively, for pPE. This further supports the hypothesis that the strong complexing ability of phosphorylated polyols is due to activation of the phosphoryl oxygen through hydrogen bonding between the PO and the OH groups within the polyol. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Morphology change of biaxially oriented polytetrafluoroethylene membranes caused by solvent soakage
Authors: Zhengbang Wang , Haolin Tang , Junsheng Li , Mu Pan
Published: March 2011

The morphological changes of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) membrane caused by solvent soakage were investigated in this study. The results demonstrated that the wettable solvent with low contact angle towards PTFE membrane can introduce huge stress to the ePTFE membrane and make the membrane shrinkage, and the stress is generated in the solvent evaporation procedure. The pore size and membrane dimension shrinkage of ePTFE membrane improved with the decrease of the solvent contact angle and surface tension. For ethanol and isopropanol with contact angle of 23° and 20°, the membrane thickness shrinkness are 15.0% and 16.7%, respectively. The evaporation‐induced stress towards the ePTFE membrane also increases with the decrease of the solvent contact angle to the ePTFE membrane. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Histologic Distribution, Fragment Cloning, and Sequence Analysis of G Protein Couple Receptor 30 in Rat Submaxillary Gland
Authors: Chen Lei , Mei Xiao‐Peng , Gao Chang‐Jun , Zhang Gui‐He , Sun Xu‐De
Published: March 2011

Recent studies indicated that G protein couple receptor 30 (GPR30), a nongenomic estrogen receptor, is widely expressed in many organ systems inducing many quick reaction of estrogen. However, there was rare report about the expression of GPR30 in the salivary gland. In the present study, we investigated the distribution of GPR30 in rat submaxillary gland by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. GPR30 core sequences were amplified by RT‐PCR with total RNA extracted from rat submaxillary gland and were analyzed by sequencing with Sanger's method. The results showed that the epithelial cells of serous alveoli and granular convoluted duct in rat submaxillary gland displayed GPR30‐immunoreactivity on the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Moreover, GPR30 mRNA hybridization signals were also detected in the cytoplasm of the above cells. GPR30 cDNA sequence cloned from rat submaxillary gland is identical to that of GPR30 from rat paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus. In conclusion, the expression of GPR30 in the serous and granular epithelial cells of submaxillary gland indicates that submaxillary gland could also be a target organ rapidly responding to estrogen stimulus, and estrogen may be involved in the functional regulation of submaxillary gland. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Jaw Adductors of Strepsirrhines in Relation to Body Size, Diet, and Ingested Food Size
Authors: Perry Jonathan M.G. , Hartstone‐Rose Adam , Wall Christine E.
Published: March 2011

Body size and food properties account for much of the variation in the hard tissue morphology of the masticatory system whereas their influence on the soft tissue anatomy remains relatively understudied. Data on jaw adductor fiber architecture and experimentally determined ingested food size in a broad sample of 24 species of extant strepsirrhines allows us to evaluate several hypotheses about the influence of body size and diet on the masticatory muscles. Jaw adductor mass scales isometrically with body mass (β = 0.99, r = 0.95), skull size (β = 1.04, r = 0.97), and jaw length cubed (β = 1.02, r = 0.95). Fiber length also scales isometrically with body mass (β = 0.28, r = 0.85), skull size (β = 0.33, r = 0.84), and jaw length cubed (β = 0.29, r = 0.88). Physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) scales with isometry or slight positive allometry with body mass (β = 0.76, r = 0.92), skull size (β = 0.78, r = 0.94), and jaw length cubed (β = 0.78, r = 0.91). Whereas PCSA is isometric to body size estimates in frugivores, it is positively allometric in folivores. Independent of body size, fiber length is correlated with maximum ingested food size, suggesting that ingestive gape is related to fiber excursion. Comparisons of temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid PCSA in strepsirrhines of different diets suggest that there may be functional partitioning between these muscle groups. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Altered posterior cingulate cortical cyctoarchitecture, but normal density of neurons and interneurons in the posterior cingulate cortex and fusiform gyrus in autism
Authors: Oblak Adrian L. , Rosene Douglas L. , Kemper Thomas L. , Bauman Margaret L. , Blatt Gene J.
Published: March 2011

Autism is a developmental disorder with prenatal origins, currently estimated to affect 1 in 91 children in the United States. Social‐emotional deficits are a hallmark of autism and early neuropathology studies have indicated involvement of the limbic system. Imaging studies demonstrate abnormal activation of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a component of the limbic system. Abnormal activation has also been noted in the fusiform gyrus (FFG), a region important for facial recognition and a key element in social interaction. A potential imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory interneurons in the cortex may contribute to altered information processing in autism. Furthermore, reduced numbers of GABA receptors have previously been reported in the autistic brain. Thionin‐stained sections were used to qualitatively assess cytoarchitectonic patterning and quantitatively determine the density of neurons and immunohistochemistry was used to determine the densities of a subset of GABAergic interneurons utilizing parvalbumin‐and calbindin‐immunoreactivity. In autism, the PCC displayed altered cytoarchitecture with irregularly distributed neurons, poorly demarcated layers IV and V, and increased presence of white matter neurons. In contrast, no neuropathology was observed in the FFG. There was no significant difference in the density of thionin, parvalbumin, or calbindin interneurons in either region and there was a trend towards a reduced density of calbindin neurons in the PCC. This study highlights the presence of abnormal findings in the PCC, which appear to be developmental in nature and could affect the local processing of social–emotional behaviors as well as functioning of interrelated areas. Autism Res 2011,4:200–211. © 2011 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Not a walk in the park: the ECVAM whole embryo culture model challenged with pharmaceuticals and attempted improvements with random forest design
Authors: Thomson Jason , Johnson Kjell , Chapin Robert , Stedman Donald , Kumpf Steven , Ozolinš Terence R.S.
Published: March 2011

Background:The European Committee for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) supported the development of a linear discriminant embryotoxicity prediction model founded on rat whole embryo culture (Piersma et al. (2004). Altern Lab Anim 32:275–307). Our goals were to (1) assess the accuracy of this model with pharmaceuticals, and (2) to use the data to develop a more accurate prediction model.Methods:Sixty‐one chemicals of knownin vivoactivity were tested. They were part of the ECVAM validation set (N= 13), commercially available pharmaceuticals (N= 31), and Pfizer chemicals that did not reach the market, but for which developmental toxicity data were available (N= 17). They were tested according to the ECVAM procedures. Fifty‐seven of these chemicals were used for Random Forest modeling to develop an alternate model with the goal of using surrogate endpoints for simplified assessments and to improve the predictivity of the model.Results:Using part of the ECVAM chemical test set, the ECVAM prediction model was 77% accurate. This approximated what was reported in the validation study (80%; Piersma et al. (2004). Altern Lab Anim 32:275–307). However, when confronted with novel chemicals, the accuracy of the linear discriminant model dropped to 56%. In an attempt to improve this performance, we used a Random Forest model that provided rankings and confidence estimates. Although the model used simpler endpoints, its performance was no better than the ECVAM linear discriminant model.Conclusions:This study confirms previous concerns about the applicability of the ECVAM prediction model to a more diverse chemical set, and underscores the challenges associated with developing embryotoxicity prediction models.Birth Defects Res (Part B)92:111–121, 2011.  © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Berücksichtigung von Viskoelastizität bei der Beurteilung von Zwangbeanspruchungen erhärtender Massenbetonbauteile
Authors: Nietner Lutz , Schlicke Dirk , Tue Nguyen Viet
Published: March 2011

Der nachfolgende Aufsatz behandelt die Berechnung und Messung von hydratationsbedingten Zwangspannungen in massigen Betonbauteilen. Dabei wird auf das zeitveränderliche und viskoelastische Materialverhalten des Betons und dessen Berücksichtigung innerhalb eines numerischen Berechnungsverfahrens besonders eingegangen. Die vorgestellten Zusammenhänge werden anhand eines Dehnstabmodells mathematisch beschrieben und innerhalb eines FE‐Modells numerisch implementiert. Im Zuge des Betonierens einer Sohlplatte eines Schleusenbauwerks werden die Berechnungsergebnisse mit Messdaten für die Spannungsentwicklung verglichen und bewertet.

Consideration of Viscoelasticity in Computation of Hydration induced Stresses in Massive Concrete Members

The present document reports about the computation and measurement of hydration induced stresses in massive concrete structures. It focuses on the time dependent and viscoelastic material properties of concrete and their consideration within a numerical computation procedure. The presented relationships will be described mathematically by using a strain‐rod‐model and be implemented in a FEM‐Model. The computed results will be compared and evaluated by using measured stress data obtained during the casting of a lock's base slab.
Korrosionsinhibitoren für die Instandsetzung chloridverseuchter Stahlbetonbauten
Authors: Hunkeler Fritz , Mühlan Björn , Ungricht Heidi
Published: March 2011

Der Einsatz von Inhibitoren wird weltweit als technisch und wirtschaftlich interessante Alternative zur konventionellen Instandsetzung von Stahlbetonbauten betrachtet, da der Betonabtrag erheblich reduziert oder sogar ganz wegfallen kann. In diesem Aufsatz werden die Resultate von praxisnahen Laboruntersuchungen vorgestellt (aktive, d. h. laufende Bewehrungskorrosion, unterschiedliche Bewehrungsüberdeckung, unterschiedlicher Chloridgehalt im Untergrund bzw. im “Altbeton”, Makroelementwirkung). Keines der drei geprüften Systeme war in der Lage, die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit zu reduzieren oder sogar zu stoppen.

Corrosion Inhibitors for the Rehabilitation of Chloride Contaminated Reinforced Concrete Structures

The use of inhibitors is considered worldwide as a technically and economically interesting alternative to the conventional repair of reinforced concrete structures since the removal of concrete can be considerably reduced or completely omitted. In this contribution the results of practical laboratory investigations are presented (active, e.g. ongoing corrosion, different concrete cover depths and chloride contents of the substrate or “old concrete”, macroelement effect). None of the three tested systems was able to reduce the corrosion rate or to stop the corrosion.
Hinweise zur Bemessung von Stahlbetonsilos bei exzentrischer Entleerung nach DIN EN 1991‐4
Authors: Ruckenbrod Cornelius , Stech Karl‐Heinz , Grimaldi Thomas
Published: March 2011

Für rotationssymmetrische Silozellen mit exzentrischer Entleerung geben die derzeit noch gültige DIN 1055‐6 und die bald maßgebliche DIN EN 1991‐4 Lastansätze vor, die für eine Siloschale zu einer sehr ungünstigen Beanspruchungskombination von Biegung, Quer‐ und Längszugkräften führt. In diesem Beitrag werden die Hintergründe der Lastansätze erläutert und auf Besonderheiten bei der Bemessung in der Anwendung der einschlägig zur Verfügung stehenden Bemessungsnormen hingewiesen.

Remarks to the Design of Concrete Silos with large Discharge Eccentricities according to DIN EN 1991‐4

Where large eccentricities of discharge occur in circular silo bins DIN 1055‐6:2005 and DIN 1991‐4 define special different load cases resulting in a very unfavourable design situation with bending, tensile and shear forces. In this paper special background information are given of the loading rules and due to the specifics in using the existing relevant design codes.
Repression of xylose‐specific enzymes by ethanol inScheffersomyces(Pichia)stipitisand utility of repitching xylose‐grown populations to eliminate diauxic lag
Authors: Slininger Patricia J. , Thompson Stephanie R. , Weber Scott , Liu Z. Lewis , Moon Jaewoong
Published: March 2011

During the fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolyzates to ethanol by native pentose‐fermenting yeasts such asScheffersomyces(Pichia)stipitisNRRL Y‐7124 (CBS 5773) andPachysolen tannophilusNRRL Y‐2460, the switch from glucose to xylose uptake results in a diauxic lag unless process strategies to prevent this are applied. When yeast were grown on glucose and resuspended in mixed sugars, the length of this lag was observed to be a function of the glucose concentration consumed (and consequently, the ethanol concentration accumulated) prior to the switch from glucose to xylose fermentation. At glucose concentrations of 95 g/L, the switch to xylose utilization was severely stalled such that efficient xylose fermentation could not occur. Further investigation focused on the impact of ethanol on cellular xylose transport and the induction and maintenance of xylose reductase and xylitol dehydrogenase activities when large cell populations ofS. stipitisNRRL Y‐7124 were pre‐grown on glucose or xylose and then presented mixtures of glucose and xylose for fermentation. Ethanol concentrations around 50 g/L fully repressed enzyme induction although xylose transport into the cells was observed to be occurring. Increasing degrees of repression were documented between 15 and 45 g/L ethanol. Repitched cell populations grown on xylose resulted in faster fermentation rates, particularly on xylose but also on glucose, and eliminated diauxic lag and stalling during mixed sugar conversion byP. tannophilusorS. stipitis, despite ethanol accumulations in the 60 or 70 g/L range, respectively. The process strategy of priming cells on xylose was key to the successful utilization of high mixed sugar concentrations because specific enzymes for xylose utilization could be induced before ethanol concentration accumulated to an inhibitory level. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1801–1815. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanism and Origins of Regio‐ and Enantioselectivities in RhI‐Catalyzed Hydrogenative Couplings of 1,3‐Diynes and Activated Carbonyl Partners: Intervention of a Cumulene Intermediate
Authors: Liu Peng , Krische Michael J. , Houk Kendall N.
Published: March 2011

The mechanism of the rhodium‐catalyzed reductive coupling of 1,3‐diynes and vicinal dicarbonyl compounds employing H2 as reductant was investigated by density functional theory. Oxidative coupling through 1,4‐addition of the RhI‐bound dicarbonyl to the conjugated diyne via a seven‐membered cyclic cumulene transition state leads to exclusive formation of linear adducts. Diyne 1,4‐addition is much faster than the 1,2‐addition to simple alkynes. The 1,2‐dicarbonyl compound is bound to rhodium in a bidentate fashion during the oxidative coupling event. The chemo‐, regio‐, and enantioselectivities of this reaction were investigated and are attributed to this unique 1,4‐addition pathway. The close proximity of the ligand and the alkyne substituent distal to the forming CC bond controls the regio‐ and enantioselectivity: coupling occurs at the sterically more demanding alkyne terminus, which minimizes nonbonded interaction with the ligand. A stereochemical model is proposed that accounts for preferential formation of the (R)‐configurated coupling product when (R)‐biaryl phosphine ligands are used.
Enzymatic Cascade Reactions inside Polymeric Nanocontainers: A Means to Combat Oxidative Stress
Authors: Tanner Pascal , Onaca Ozana , Balasubramanian Vimalkumar , Meier Wolfgang , Palivan Cornelia G.
Published: March 2011

Oxidative stress, which is primarily due to an imbalance in reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals, peroxynitrite, or hydrogen peroxide, represents a significant initiator in pathological conditions that range from arthritis to cancer. Herein we introduce the concept of enzymatic cascade reactions inside polymeric nanocontainers as an effective means to detect and combat superoxide radicals. By simultaneously encapsulating a set of enzymes that act in tandem inside the cavities of polymeric nanovesicles and by reconstituting channel proteins in their membranes, an efficient catalytic system was formed, as demonstrated by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence cross‐correlation spectroscopy. Superoxide dismutase and lactoperoxidase were selected as a model to highlight the combination of enzymes. These were shown to participate in sequential reactions in situ in the nanovesicle cavity, transforming superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and water and, therefore, mimicking their natural behavior. A channel protein, outer membrane protein F, facilitated the diffusion of lactoperoxidase substrate/products and dramatically increased the penetration of superoxide radicals through the polymer membrane, as established by activity assays. The system remained active after uptake by THP‐1 cells, thus behaving as an artificial organelle and exemplifying an effective approach to enzyme therapy.
Multi‐Electron‐Acceptor Dyad and Triad Systems Based on Perylene Bisimides and Fullerenes
Authors: Chamberlain Thomas W. , Davies E. Stephen , Khlobystov Andrei N. , Champness Neil R.
Published: March 2011

Fullerene (C60) and 3,4,9,10‐perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTDCI) were used as building blocks for an electron acceptor dyad (C60–PTCDI) and triad (C60–PTCDI–C60). As the first reduction potentials for C60 and PTCDI are very close, simultaneous introduction of two or three electrons is possible into the dyad and triad, respectively. Further stepwise electrochemical reduction leads to formation of a series of well‐defined anionic species in which electrons associated with the fullerene or the PTDCI components of the molecule can be clearly distinguished. In total, up to four electrons can be reversibly injected into the dyad C60–PTCDI and up to six into the triad C60–PTCDI–C60 system. The optical absorption properties in the UV/Vis range are also crucially defined by the distribution of electrons between the acceptor parts, as the injection/removal of electrons causes drastic colour changes in the dyad and the triad systems.