bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on City Energy Intensity Evolution Mechanism and Simulation Planning
Authors: Zhou Chang Yu , Shen Xiao Liu
Published: June 2014

In this paper, using the method of membership function in fuzzy mathematics in view of the energy intensity and carbon intensity index data preprocessing, eliminate impact factor smaller indicators, and then build energy - economy - environment three-dimensional index system based on the multi-stage stochastic programming model to simulate the energy intensity influence factors sensitivity analysis, calculating the contribution coefficient of all the factors, find out the regional difference influence factors of energy intensity
Coal Output Prediction and Policy Implications of China’s Future Energy Supply
Authors: Yang Ke Jia , Ge Jian Ping , Lei Ya Lin
Published: June 2014

Coal has been the dominant resource for China’s energy consumption for half a decade. The need to sustain the rapid growth of China’s economy has made coal the natural choice due to its mass production and low cost of coal mines. This article uses GM (1, 1) model to predict China’s coal supply from 2013 to 2020. The results showed that the coal supply will increase smoothly during this time. However, the demand will increase even at a faster pace. The predicted gap between the supply and demand of year 2015 will be 720 million tons. Coal is a non-renewable energy resource. It generates tremendous amount of hazardous emission during the course of combustion. Increasing coal supply alone will produce significant pollution and deplete coal mines reserve. Therefore, it has become urgent to establish a reasonably balanced energy consumption structure that can meet the needs of social and economic development in China. The policy implications and possible measures are proposed in this article.
Application of Holistic Governance Model in Regional Environmental Protection in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
Authors: Li Jing , Yan Xue
Published: June 2014

This article mainly analyses how to use holistic government in protecting China’s local environment. It points out some actual administrative problems involved in environmental governance, and offer the holistic government framework of regional environmental issues, which including the establishment of a regional government agencies, mutual coordination between same levels of the organization, as well as environmental governance in the feedback processes, etc. And through research, this article further point out the authority and responsibilities of the regional cooperation organization. This article provides several solutions to address the plight of regional environmental governance in order to improve Chinese regional environmental governance level. Application of the holistic government model can be better respond to the plight of the regional environmental protection, improves the level of Chinese regional environmental governance.
Operation for Bio-Hydrogen Production of CSTR with Integration of Immobilized and Suspended Cell Process
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Yong Feng , Li Qiao Yan , Lei Rui Ying
Published: June 2014

A new-styled continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) seeded with activated sludge attached onto granular activated carbon (GAC) was developed for raised hydrogen production using diluted grenadine syrup. Emphasis was placed on the hydrogen producing performance and stability of the reactor. It was found that the temperature of (35 ± 1) °C, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4h, influent COD of 6000mg/L, the maximum hydrogen production was up 12.06L/d. In addition, though pH decreased to 3.42, the microbial growth still high and COD removal rate reached 50%, demonstrating that the reactor processed the ability of acid resistance.
Harvesting Maximum Power from Mismatch Module of PV System Using PO Buck-Boost Converter
Authors: Mohd Hussain Mohd Najib , Omar Ahmad Maliki , Ibrahim Intan Rahayu
Published: June 2014

This paper presents a simulation and laboratory test of Photovoltaic (PV) module incorporated with Positive Output (PO) Buck-Boost Converter for harnessing maximum energy from the solar PV module. The main intention is to invent a system which can harvest maximum power point (MPP) energy of the PV system in string-connection. The model-based design of the controller and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for the system were implemented using MATLAB SIMULINK software. For laboratory execution, the digital microcontroller of dsPIC30F digital signal controller (DSC) was used to control the prototype of PO buck-boost converter. The code generation via MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) from model-based design was embedded into the dsPIC30F using the SKds40A target board and PICkit 3 circuit debugger. The system was successfully simulated and verified by simulation and laboratory evaluations. A physical two PV module of PV-MF120EC3 Mitsubishi Electric is modeled in string connection to represent a mismatch module. While in laboratory process, a string-connection of 10W and 5W PV module is implemented for the mismatch module condition.
Review of Hydrogen Production from the Steam-Iron Process by Chemical-Looping Combustion
Authors: Wang Long Fei , Wang Shu Zhong , Luo Ming
Published: June 2014

Chemical looping hydrogen production (CLH) is a promising method for pure hydrogen production, which not only can improve energy conversion efficiency and reduce environmental pollution, but also can separate carbon dioxide. This paper try to review the present chemical looping hydrogen process development on the screening of oxygen carrier particles of gaseous fuel and solid fuel, the design of proper reactors, and the system simulation. The design of solid fuel CLH system and the development of oxygen carriers with high reactivity and abrasion resistance for solid fuel at high temperature and pressure will be future research focuses.
Proton Exchange Membranes Based on POSS
Authors: Chen Qiao , Shao Fang Ke
Published: June 2014

Two kinds of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) containing POSS are designed and prepared, one is sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/bisphenol S diglycidyl ether (DEBS)/POSS hybrids with the semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) structure and the other is sulfonated polyimides (SPI)/POSS hybrids with cross-link structure. IPNs should be more contributed to improve the proton conductivities of PEMs than cross-link structure.
Investigation on Stability and Optical Properties of ZnnSen(n=1~13) Nanocluster in CIGS-ZnSe Heterojunction Interface
Authors: Chen Liang Yan , Fang Chao
Published: June 2014

ZnSe cluster is the main form of growth mechanism in CuInGaSe based solar cells as the buffer layer and the building blocks for larger bulk ZnSe materials as well. With the generalized gradient approximation in first principle all-electron calculations, a number of configurations and structural isomers of ZnnSen (n=1~13) nanoclusters has been geometrically optimized to get the lowest energy constructions of ZnnSen (n=1~13). Second-order energy difference were applied to investigate the stability of small ZnSe nanoclusters. And the nanocage Zn12Se12 cluster has been identified to be in rather stable state and can be the building block of larger ZnSe nanoclusters materials. Energy gap between lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital, Infrared Spectroscopy have also been investigated for further study on size and optical properties through testing methods.
Preparation of Nano-ZnO by Paralled Flaw Precipitation Method under Ultrasonic and their Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Meng Qing Ming , Wang Jian , Zhu Bao Dong , Zhang Jian Wei , Wang Yuan Yuan
Published: June 2014

Nano-ZnO with high photocatalytic performance was prepared by paralled flaw precipitation method under ultrasonic radiation with Zn(NO3)2·6H2O and NH3·H2O as raw materials. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and TG/DTA. The decolorization of methylene blue solution as model reaction, the effect of calcining temperature on the structure and photocatalytic performance of the samples were investigated. The results show that nano-ZnO with well crystal property and uniform size distribution, prepared by calcining the precursor at 300 °C for 2 h, had the average diameter of about 38 nm. When 100 mL methylene blue solution with 10 mg/L of mass concentration is treated with the nano-ZnO photocatalyst for 60 min, the decolorizing efficiency of the methylene blue solution reached 62.5 %.
Heavy Metal Distribution and Sources in Pineapple-Growing Agricultural Soil in Hainan Province, China
Authors: Ma Zhen Zhen , Guo Yu , Bao Zheng Yu , Wu Guo Ai , Fu Yang Rong
Published: June 2014

An investigation on heavy metal content in agricultural soil growing pineapples was carried out in Hainan Province. The horizontal and vertical distribution of heavy metal in different areas was studied. The sources of heavy metal were conducted using principal component analysis. Generally the study areas were less affected by human activity factors and the overall environmental quality was quite better. The uneven horizontal distribution of heavy metal was controlled mainly by the soil parent material and the vertical distribution of heavy metal was limited by both the role of human activities and the natural effect combined.
Enhanced Coagulation for Slightly Polluted Seawater Using Ferric Sulfate and Modified Diatomite
Authors: Wang Wen Hua , Li Lu Yang , Zhang Xiao Qing , Qiu Jin Quan , Wang Jing , Zhang Yu Shan
Published: June 2014

The modified diatomite was prepared by calcination and alkali washing, and the feasibility of using modified diatomite for enhanced coagulation treatment of slightly polluted seawater was investigated in this study. SEM and BET analysis showed that the raw diatomite contained impurities, which were removed after refined and purified treatment. The use of diatomite as a coagulant aid improved interparticle bridging thus incorporating the cells into flocs more efficiently, producing settleable flocs of greater density, size and strength. The enhanced coagulation with ferric sulfate and modified diatomite improved the removal efficiency of turbidity, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and CODMn in seawater samples. At the optimal diatomite dosage of 60 mg/L and ferric sulfate dosage of 6 mg/L, the removal efficiency of turbidity, NH3-N, TP and CODMn reached 93.8%, 26.3%, 94.8% and 44.4% respectively. It has been proved that the enhanced coagulation through the ferric sulfate and modified diatomite, as coagulant aid and adsorbent, is more efficient and environmentally than using traditional metal coagulant only for treatment of slightly polluted seawater.
The Synthesis and Immune Identification of Bisphenol A Artificial Antigen
Authors: Xu Long , Zhu Li Xin , Yang Fan Fan , Liu Ren Rong , Wei Meng
Published: June 2014

Bisphenol A (BPA) belongs to estrogenic substances, which influences the development of genital system in human being. In this paper, 4, 4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) valeric acid (BVA), a derivative of BPA, was chosen as the hapten to prepare artificial antigen. An active ester method was used for coupling BPA hapten with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and ovalbumin (OVA). Both UV spectra and immunoassay indicated that the two kinds of artificial antigen BVA-KLH and BVA-OVA were synthesized successfully. The artificial antigen of BPA can be used to develop monoclonal antibody of anti-BPA.
What Kind of Occupational Health Conditions can meet the Entry Requirements of China Lead-Acid Battery Industry
Authors: Shu Yue Hong , Zhang Yu Feng , Zhou Mi , Liu Xin Xia , Qian Shan Gao
Published: June 2014

Related requirements about occupational health protective facilities and on-site verification points; requirements about occupational health protective system construction and verification points; requirements about corporate and labor rights protection and verification points.
A Research on Bactericidal Agent of Heterotrophic Bacteria in Cooling Water by Composite of Non-Oxidizing Biocide and Oxidizing Biocide
Authors: Sun Cai Xia , Chen Yan Min , Cheng Yu Shan , Zhang Min , Wu Jin Ying , Huang Chang Shan
Published: June 2014

A method was developed to control heterotrophic bacteria in cooling water by mixing non-oxidizing (Isothiazolinones）and oxidizing sterilization （Hydantoin）together. The result of disinfection test shows that the agent possesses a higher efficiency. At the same time the method introduced polyepoxysuccinic acid—1-Acrylanmido-2-methylpropanesul fonic acid（PESA-AMPS (10%)) in to the disinfection system. The rotary coupon test and aeration scale inhibition method show that the bactericidal agent also possesses higher anti-corrosion and inhibition rate. The concentration of heterotrophic bacteria can well be controlled below 105cfu/mL when the additional quantity of the agent changes from 100mg/L to 200mg/L.
Comprehensive Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Greenhouse Vegetables and Topsoils
Authors: Zeng Yan Yan , Shentu Jia Li , Shen Chen Chao , Shen Dong Sheng
Published: June 2014

A survey and comprehensive assessment were conducted to investigate Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations in 67 greenhouse leafy vegetables and the corresponding topsoil from the typical greenhouse vegetable cultivation area in southeastern China. The Cd concentrations in all soils exceeded the Chinese standard GB15618-1995, Cu, Ni, and Zn concentrations were slightly elevated, while the soils were not polluted by Pb. The single-factor pollution index showed that Cd in the soils reached “moderate pollution” levels and other metals were present at safe levels. The Nemerow integrated pollution index was more appropriate than the single-factor pollution index for assessing heavy metal pollution in the soils, and the results showed that Cd was the main pollutant in the studied region, especially in Chun’an, Fuyang, Lin’an, and Tonglu districts. All of the greenhouse vegetables analyzed were heavily polluted by Cd and Pb, moderately polluted by Ni and Zn, but not polluted by Cu. The Cd, Pb, and Ni concentrations in the vegetables exceeded standard GB2762-2005. The bioconcentration factors for the vegetables analyzed decreased in the order Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Ni. Lettuce (Spinacia oleracea) accumulated Cd more strongly than the other leafy vegetables analyzed, and tarragon (C. coronarium) accumulated Cu and Zn most strongly.
Field Survey on House Dust in Japan
Authors: Yang Lv , Hiroshi Yoshino
Published: June 2014

Indoor air pollutant by indoor microorganism and house dust has caused asthma, allergy and atopic dermatitis of occupants. In order to make clear indoor air quality and health in houses, eight houses of Miyagi Prefecture in Japan have been investigated. As a result, the amount of floating mold was less than European guideline value. Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp. occupy more than 50% amount of total mold. Amount of mite was higher in the houses with dog or carpet than others. The number of particles in the air and amount of house dust on the floor in houses with dog and little child became higher than others. In addition, there was a lot of house dust on the floor in houses with large carpet area.
Purifying the Welding Fume on the Spot with Corona Plasma
Authors: Du Yan Sheng , Wu Chun Du , Chu Jin Yu , Yi Cheng Wu
Published: June 2014

The welding fume has significant effects on the weld workers’ health. In order to overwhelm the shortcomings of the control measures of the welding fume, the research of the purifying of welding fume on the spot was carried out. The purifying device was designed. The relationship between the corona discharge voltage and the purifying efficiency was investigated through experiments with different needle-electrode numbers, different ring-electrode numbers and different needle-plate distances. The results show that 5-needle double-ring electrode has the best efficiency; the purifying efficiency is increase with the lessening of the needle-plate distance and the increase of the discharge voltage. Using 5-needle double-ring electrode, the purifying efficiency reaches its maximum value 97.9% while the needle-plate distance is 6 cm, the discharge voltage is-35 kV. The purifying device has an excellent purifying effect on the welding fume.
Design of Sample Preparation Preconcentration System Based on LabVIEW
Authors: Wang Tie Zheng , Li Chang Jian , Zhang Fei Fei , Li Wei Fang
Published: June 2014

It is of great significance for the measurement of low concentration of VOCs that the sample pretreatment preconcentration system. We design a gas sample pre-treatment preconcentration system based on LabVIEW. It’s in this system, of whose PC uses LabVIEW software and of whose following part adopts data acquisition card USB4711A; intelligent temperature control instrument FB400 of RKC and mass flow controller of burkert (MFC8711). The standardized drive mode of OPC and DataSocket of LabVIEW realize the PC real-time communication with lower computer .This system has a good man-machine interface and it is a reliable control system. This system can realize the real-time display and control of parameters such as temperature, flow, and also realize the running condition of all equipments control and alarm function.
A Research for Fuzzy Image Restoration
Authors: Wu Xue Feng , Fan Yu
Published: June 2014

Computational photography and image processing technology are used to restore the clearness of images taken in fog scenes autmatically.The technology is used to restore the clearness of the fog scene,which includes digital image processing and the physical model of atmospheric scattering.An algorithm is designed to restore the clearness of the fog scene under the assumption of the albedo images and then the resolution algorithm is analysised.The algorithm is implemented by the software of image process ,which can improve the efficiency of the algorithm and interface.The fog image and defogging image are compared, and the results show that the visibility of the image is improved, and the image restoration is more clearly.
Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry with Multiphoton Ionization Technique
Authors: Li A Dan
Published: June 2014

Gas chromatography resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/REMPI-TOFMS) using a nanosecond laser has been applied to analyze the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The excited-state lifetime, absorption characters, energy of electronic states of the 16 PAHs were investigated to optimize the ionization yield. The results suggested that REMPI is superior to elctron impact ionization method for soft ionization, and suppresses the background signal caused by the aliphatic hydrocarbons. Thus, GC/REMPI-TOFMS is a more reliable method for the determination of PAHs present in the environment.
Assessment of Eutrophication in Wuliangsuhai Lake
Authors: Yang Huan , Yu Rui Hong , Guo Rui Hong , Hao Yun , Zhang Yu Jin
Published: June 2014

Eutrophication has led to severe water quality problems in aquatic ecosystems throughout the world. The assessment of trophic status for lakes may provide important and fundamental information for trophic state classification and eutrophication control. This paper assesses and analyzes the classification of eutrophication using three different methods in Wuliangsuhai Lake. The aim is to provide the reference for water quality improvement and aquatic environmental protection of the lake in arid area.
City Soil Pollution Degree of Heavy Metals
Authors: Si Shu Hong
Published: June 2014

This paper is mainly based on a city in surface soil heavy metal pollution on the measured GPS data,Application of the Nemeroww method to study the city all functional areas of the 8 kinds of heavy metals pollution degree.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange Using Doped Titanium Dioxide Coating
Authors: Wang Li , Jia Dong Mei , Zhao Zeng Qiang
Published: June 2014

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) coating was prepared through dipping stainless steel net into titanium dioxide sol and then extracting it. The photocatalytic activities for all titanium dioxide coatings were tested by methyl orange degradation under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. The photo-absorption property was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The titanium dioxide coating is photo-catalytically reactive for the degradation of methyl orange. The photo-catalytic activity is influenced by extraction times, degradation time, doping element and light source. La-doped titanium dioxide exhibits the best photocatalytic activity in comparison with undoped, V-doped and La-V-codoped ones. The degradation rate of methyl orange by La-doped titanium dioxide coating reaches 92% after 70 minutes irradiation under ultraviolet light.
Electroabsorbing Hemoglobin on Nano-Silver/Carbon Nanotube Composite Films Electrode for Oxygen Electroanalysis
Authors: Yang Ping Hua
Published: June 2014

A novel electrode has been fabricated with electroabsorbing hemoglobin on the nanosilver coated carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode (Hb/Ag/CNT/GC). The modifed electrodes showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity for reduction of dissolved oxygen. The peak current is linear with oxygen concentration in the range from 1.63×10-6 to 2.58×10-4 mol.L-1 with a calculated detection limit of 9.78×10-7 mol.L-1 at a signal-to-noise rate of 3, the linear regression equation is i=0.0478C+0.0331 (R2=0.994; i: μA; C: the concentration of oxygen, μmol.L-1). So, the developed electrode was used to determination of oxygen in the water and actual samples and satisfactory results were obtained. The Hb/Ag/CNTs composites may be a potential cathode material of the air battery.
Porogen Influence on the Adsorption Performance of Weak Acid Resins for Cu2+ Removal
Authors: Zhou Yang , Yan Bin , Zhu Zeng Yin , Shen Zhong , Wu Hai Suo
Published: June 2014

Two weak acid resins (WT-1, WT-2) with different pore structures were prepared through suspension polymerization from methyl acrylate (MA) and divinylbenzene (DVB). Cu2+ was employed as the adsorbate and bath experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption performance of the two resins. The addition of porogen (toluene) enlarged the exchange capacity, specific surface area and average pore diameter of resins, leading to the faster adsorption rate and higher maximum adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity increased 3.5~28.5% with the rise of porogen/monomer ratio from 0 to 30%. This work shows the porogen influence on the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of weak acid resins.
The Application of Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified by Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for the Fast Determination of Hydroquinone in Wastewater
Authors: Li Shao Hua , Zhao Ying Ying , Yang Jun Qing , Zhang Guo Yan , Qi Ju Rui
Published: June 2014

A novel multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with excellent stability, repeatability and anti-interference was synthesized and it exhibited an electrocatalytic signal for hydroquinone (HQ) compared to bare GCE, which suggested that the presence of MWCNTs efficiently enhances electron transfer. Various parameters such as pH, modifier volume, and scan rate were optimized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methods. Under optimum conditions, linear responses for HQ in 0.1mol·L-1 phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.0 were obtained in the range of 5×10-6 mol·L-1 to 2×10-4 mol·L-1 with detection limits of 2.7×10-6 mol·L-1 (signal-to-noise ratio of 3). Such MWCNTs-modified GCE was successfully applied for the determination of hydroquinone in simulated water samples and can be developed for the the detection of HQ.
A Simple Method for Eliminating the Interference of CH3COONa in NO3--N Determination by UV Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: He Shan , Zhao Jian Qiang , Hu Bo
Published: June 2014

In order to solve the interference of CH3COONa on measuring nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) concentration by ultra-violet (UV) spectrophotometric method, a series of tests were done. The solution with different concentrations of CH3COONa was added respectively to a set of standard solutions, which the concentrations of NO3--N were already known, and the interference degrees of CH3COONa on the measurement of NO3-by UV spectrophotometric method were examined. The results indicated that the interference degrees of CH3COONa on the measurement of NO3--N concentrations were proportional to the concentrations of CH3COONa in the standard solutions. Based on the tests, a set of correction curves was established, and the accurate NO3--N concentrations can be determined by the correction curves conveniently and quickly.
Analysis on the Metal Element in the Atmospheric Dustfall at Winter in Linyi
Authors: Gong Shao Yan
Published: June 2014

It is a hazard to human health that urban atmospheric dustfall has increased year by year. The winter atmospheric dustfall in Linyi was studied in the paper, atmospheric dustfall carrying out heavy metal was determined by ICP-AES, and the sources of metal elements in the atmospheric dustfall was analyzed by enrichment factor method. The results showed that Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb and Hg elements in the atmospheric dustfall were significantly affected by man-made factors, and that As, Cr, Mn elements in the atmospheric dustfall were mainly derived from the crust. Meanwhile the results the sources of Zn, Cu, Pb and Hg in dustfall is closely related to coal and oil combustions, but that Cd elements in dust were deeply affected by soil
Assessment of Unsaturated Flow for a Large Coal Mine Waste Rock Pile
Authors: Hadi Hajizadeh Namaghi , Luo Ming Kun , Li Sheng
Published: June 2014

Some waste rock piles create some problems such as acid mine drainage (AMD), leaching of heavy metals, and slope stability concerns. These problems are related to the flow of water through the rock pile. Understanding the physical and hydrological properties of the waste rock piles is important for flow and solute transport modeling. To study physical properties and unsaturated flow in rock pile, some soil samples were collected from surface of the large coal waste rock pile and tested for some common geotechnical parameters in the laboratory. The results showed that materials are so heterogeneous and highly supporting segregation and natural gravity sorting of waste rock materials from top to toe. Numerical simulation was performed to investigate the unsaturated flow conditions in the pile. The results obtained showed that pile is unable to fully saturate and drain during the simulated period. It was also found that high evaporation and also coarse grain nature of waste rock materials results holding few amounts of water in the system.
Distribution of PBDEs in Atmospheric Total Suspended Particles Collected from Kunming, China
Authors: Li Xiao , Li Xiao Man , Yang Xiao Xia , Li Qiang , Huang Bin , Pan Xue Jun
Published: June 2014

An efficient and reliable analytical method has been used for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in atmospheric total suspended particles collected from the six state controlling air sampling sites and two self-selection sampling sites in Kunming, China. The results showed that the overall average concentrations of TSP collected from Kunming were in the range of 44.36 μg/m3 to 82.22 μg/m3. This pattern was lower than the average concentrations of Guiyu, Guangzhou and similar to Hong Kong. In TSP, the penta-BDEs and octa-BDEs were the dominant PBDEs and the PBDEs concentration ranged from 12.39 pg/m3 to 71.51 pg/m3, with a mean value of 46.82 pg/m3. This level was below the city of Guiyu, Örebro in Sweden and similar to Hong Kong, Guangzhou. The average concentrations of PBDEs had the trend of descent from the urban center to the outskirts of Kunming.
Effects of Soil Moisture on Nitrogen Mineralization in a Typical 10-Year Floodplain Wetland
Authors: Gao Zhao Qin , Bai Jun Hong , Chen Di , Zhao Qing Qing , Wang Jun Jing , Lu Qiong Qiong , Ye Xiao Fei
Published: June 2014

Soil profiles from 0 to 80 cm depth were collected and a 14-day incubation experiment at three soil moisture levels (initial moisture, water holding capacity, and flooding) was carried out at 25°C in the dark to reveal the effects of soil moisture on nitrogen mineralization rates in a 10-yr floodplain wetland. Our results showed that nitrogen mineralization rates decreased with depth along soil profiles and the maximal nitrogen mineralization rates appeared at the 10-20cm soil layer. The nitrogen mineralization rates were higher under flooding treatment compared to another two soil moisture treatments. Nitrogen mineralization rates in the top 20cm soils exhibited an increasing tendency with increasing soil moisture. Additionally, nitrogen mineralization rates were significantly correlated with electrical conductivity, total soluble salt, and salinity under three soil moisture treatments.
Fluorescent Signatures of Organic Matter Attached on Particulate Particle in the Atmosphere Surrounding in Steel Factory
Authors: Hsu Yi Chyun , Cao Jing Wen , Liao Shao Wei , Chung Chung Yi , Gau Hwa Sheng , Lai Wen Liang
Published: June 2014

In this research, the characterization and molecular weight of organic matter, adsorbed on both particle sizes from ambient air in the steel factory, was dissolved into adequate distilled water and analyzed by fluorescent spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) equipped with Diode Array Detector (DAD). The components of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) attached on both particle sizes, including PM 2.5 μm and PM 2.5-10 μm, were elucidated by the integration of excitation-emission fluorescent matrix (EEFM) with Parallel Factor (PARAFAC) analysis. It reveals that total fluorescent intensity of PM 2.5 μm was higher than that of PM 2.5-10 μm. Similar fluorescent signature was found in WSOC from both particles at the whole sampling locations. High excitation wavelength (280-320 nm) belonging to humic-like substance (220-240 nm) and low excitation wavelength due to fulvic-like substance were found in both particle sizes with the proximity of emission wavelength of 400 nm. Three major components of WSCO for both particles had high explanatory power representing the content of organic matter. For the largest contribution of fluorescence, the wavelengths of Ex/Em for coarse particle were higher than those of fine particle. The phenomenon was coexisted in molecular weight.
Imbalanced Environmental Interests among Subjects with Distinctive Rights
Authors: Fa Li Na
Published: June 2014

The environmental interests among subjects with different rights pose an imbalance, involving specifically of the imbalance in environmental rights sharing as well as responsibilities shouldering among different subjects. Using the method of game theory analysis, we concluded that the optimal alternatives turned out to be the public authorities’ positive regulation on the companies’ pollution, or the companies’ voluntary conduct of pollutants removing, thus achieving the overall improvement of environmental interests of the government, companies and residents. However, the co-existence of both market and government malfunction derived from the intrinsic feature of quasi-public goods, appears to be a formidable obstacle to the subjects’ environmental interests equilibrium. Consequently, the ultimate aim to achieving equilibrium in environmental interests is apparently in line with coordination among the abovementioned subjects, mutually requiring companies’ voluntary assumption of their responsibilities, government’s endeavor from the regulation level and residents’ awareness of their environmental rights.
Integrating Hydroacoustic and Optical Video Technologies to Identify the Riverbed Substrate at the Spawning Reach of Chinese Sturgeon
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Cheng You , Du Hao , Wu Jin Ming , Shen Li , Wei Qi Wei
Published: June 2014

Riverbed substrate is important to many riverine organisms, however, it is normally difficult to study the substrate intensively especially in large and fast flowing rivers. The Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis is a critically endangered fish species, it spawns on a specific riverbed substrate. In this paper, the hydroacoustic and underwater optical video technologies were integrated to study the riverbed substrate at the only remaining spawning area of the fish. Sixteen samples were firstly studied to verify the relationship between acoustic backscattering characteristics (hardness and roughness) and video observed characteristics (embeddedness and medium diameter of the grain). Then eight vertical mobile hydroacoustic surveys were conducted to acoustically map the 16 km spawning reach. The results revealed that the heterogeneous mix of boulder/cobble and sand was the dominant substrate at the spawning reach. However, the embeddedness and medium diameter of the grain varied within the area which tend to affect the spawning site selection of the fish. This study indicated that the combination of hydroacoustic and optical video technologies could be very useful to study the riverbed substrate in river ecological issues.
Spatiotemporal Variations and Evaluations of Ambient PM10 Concentrations in Nanchong City, China
Authors: Li You Ping , Zhou Hong , Kan Tao Tao , Liu Hui Fang
Published: June 2014

In order to further improve urban air quality, this study applied hourly PM10 mass concentrations in 5 monitoring stations during 2008-2012 to discuss spatiotemporal variations and evaluate air quality in Nanchong city, southwest China. The results showed that the annual mean PM10 concentrations during 5 years was 61.4μg/m3, and the concentrations order of 5 stations was JC (65.4μg/m3)>SW(64.6μg/m3)>JL(60.9μg/m3)>LY(60.4μg/m3)>GP(55.9μg/m3).The monthly mean concentrations in spring and winter were higher than in summer and fall. There was no obvious "weekend effect" in Nanchong and it was illustrated that the contributions to PM10 of vehicle exhaust could be smaller. The hourly concentrations were 54.8~68.1μg/m3 from 0:00 to 23:00 and the maximum appeared at 12:00 and 21:00 for each station. The rate of reaching standard was 97.5~99.2% from 2008 to 2012 and the order was GP(99.2%)>LY(98.8%)>JL=SW(98.3%)>JC(97. 9%). The causes of these PM10 variations need to be studied deeply.
Key Pollution Source Monitoring and Supervision System Based on RFID Technology
Authors: Chen Yuan Hua , Li Wei Chang , Zhang Li Na
Published: June 2014

The online monitoring system for pollution sources has been built for several years. China has initially established a set of environmental protection internet of things system which is under three levels of Ministry, provincial and municipal. This national project is the first step to develop in the applications of environmental protection internet of things. It also has many problems, such as monitoring range is narrow, sensor technology is not mature and cost is high. The next work is to strengthen the application and realize the convert from a point source pollution monitoring to surface monitoring. RFID is one of the key technologies of Internet of things. The paper proposed monitoring and supervisor system for key pollution sources based on RFID, to solve the problems in the monitoring and supervisor system for key pollution sources. It will realize information of monitoring and supervisor system for key pollution sources.
PM2.5 Monitoring and Analysis in Beijing Spring in a Dust-Haze Period
Authors: Wu Zheng Wang , Wang Qian Kun , Shan Hai Nan
Published: June 2014

The spring is a high incidence of dust-haze season especially in some mega-cities like Beijing. A complete dust-haze has happened from 19th to 24th April, 2013. Based on 3456 copies of PM2.5 concentration data in Beijing’s 24 monitoring points during the whole dust-haze period, and the weather information over the same period, and the correlation analysis on the dust-haze’s formation, continuous and dissipation process, we point out that PM2.5 concentration distribution has the following features in a spring dust-haze weather in Beijing: (1) dust-haze can be happened in strong wind; (2) PM2.5 concentration has a highest or lowest value during the dust-haze process at some monitoring sites (3) the monitoring sites’ PM2.5 concentration difference is bigger, the biggest can reach more than eight times.
Source Apportionment of VOCs in Urban Tianjin, China
Authors: Han Meng , Geng Jing , Wang Gen , Wang Jian Zhuang , Liu Ying Hui , Wang Yuan Gang , Wang Tie Zheng
Published: June 2014

facing the problem of VOCs pollution, VOCs concentrations in urban Tianjin have been measured to identify their possible sources. Using positive matrix factorization, seven VOC sources are identified in urban Tianjin according to the factor loadings of various VOCs, including: 1) motor vehicle exhaust; 2) gasoline evaporation; 3) internal engine combustion emission; 4) diesel emission; 5) solvent usage; 6) industrial emission; and 7) biogenic emission. The identified sources of VOCs are significantly related to vehicular activities, which specifically contribute 60% to VOCs loadings in urban Tianjin, respectively. Controlling vehicle emissions should be top priority for VOCs reduction in Tianjin.
Preparation of Poly(allylamine)-Silica Composites and Adsorption Performance for Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Fan Zhong Lei , Wang Li Wen , Liu Da Zhuang
Published: June 2014

Poly (allylamine)-silica composites (PAA/SiO2) was prepared via CPTCS as coupling agent and PAA as modifier. The structure and adsorption properties of silica gel, CPTCS-SiO2 and PAA/SiO2 were determinated by FTIR, structural analysis, TG analysis and adsorption test. The results show that PAA/SiO2 had excellent adsorption capacities for Cu (II), Pb (II) and Ni (II) in aqueous solutions. Its adsorption capacities can reach 0.972mmol/g for copper ion at experimental conditions. Besides, PAA/SiO2 also possessed excellent stability in the flow tests.
Study on the Determination of Carbendazim in Water and Vegetable Samples
Authors: Xu Ji Cheng , Rong Xin Shan , Tian Ting , Qiu Feng Xian
Published: June 2014

The host-guest inclusion complex formation between 3, 3’-benzidine/β-cyclodextrin derivative (BDCD) and pesticide carbendazim was studied and characterized by TEM and XRD. The result showed that inclusion complex had hydrophobic small-molecule fluorophores. The fluorescence titration was performed to calculate binding constant, sensitivity factor and limit of detection of the resulting complex. Based on the enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of carbendazim produced throught complex formation, a new sensitive method for the determination of carbendazim was established. A linear relationship was obtained between the fluorescence intensity and carbendazim concentration in the range of 3.57 and 17.83 μmol/L. The correlation coefficient, the lowest limit of detection and RSD were 0.9916, 15.51 nmol/L and 2.13%, respectively. This method has better anti-interference ability and stability. The proposed method have been successfully applied to the determination of carbendazim pesticide residues in water, vegetable and fruit samples with satisfactory results, recoveries in the range of 87.56 % to 104.04 % were obtained.
Study on the Grain Size Characteristics and Magnetic Susceptibility of Aeolian Sediments at Zhuli in Shandong Province: Implications for Paleoclimatic Change
Authors: Ni Zhi Chao , Xu Shu Jian , Ding Xin Chao , Li Qiang , Fu Xin Hua
Published: June 2014

Chinese loess-paleosol sequence has archived the most detailed terrestrial records of past climatic and environmental changes. In this study, we concentrate on Zhuli loess section in northern Shandong, by sedimentary and magnetic and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) methods. Based on the OSL ages, the basal age of the Zhuli section is 60ka extrapolated by sedimentation rates. Grain-size curves indicate that environment-sensitive size fractions of Zhuli section are 39.81-44.67μm and 79.43-89.12μm respectively, by analyzing grain-size class vs. standard deviation values method. The low-frequency magnetic susceptibility has a good correlation with the high-frequency magnetic susceptibility, and the grain size has a good correlation with the magnetic susceptibility.
Study on the Impact of Fog and Haze on Environment and Control Recommendations
Authors: Ding Yu Xian , Ma Ning Bo , Ding Yu Xin
Published: June 2014

China has seen large area of fog and haze weather which often lasted for a long time in different places of its central and eastern part during the year 2013. What’s more, North China, Central China, Huang-Huai area and the south part of the Yangtze River all suffered pollution to some degree. As a result, fog and haze and the serious pollution of PM2.5 became the hot topics both on the micro blog and among neighbors. Therefore, it has been a common recognition that we should strengthen the management of air pollution and reflect the economic development mode and our lifestyle. A brief analysis of the impact of fog and haze on the environment together with some control recommendations is done in this paper.
Temporal Distribution Patterns of Phytoplankton Community Structure in a Large Shallow Lake, Lake Taihu, China
Authors: Ye Rui , Qian Xin , Shan Kun , Gao Hai Long
Published: June 2014

Temporal distribution phytoplankton community structure in a shallow lake, Lake Taihu, China, was investigated from 2010 to 2011 on a monthly basis at 9 sampling stations. The results showed that phytoplankton communities primarily consist of cyanobacteria, chlorophyta and bacillariophyta in Lake Taihu. A significant change in phytoplankton community was observed in both years: cyanobacteria hold an overwhelming dominance in summer and autumn, chloraphyta and bacillariophyta occupied the certain proportion only when the cyanobacterial bloom was declined in winter and early spring. The maximum abundance value of cyanobacteria, chlorophyta and bacillariophyta appeared at June, 2010, July, 2011 and Feb, 2011, respectively. The present study is a continuation and complement in long-term research of Lake Taihu, which provides scientific foundation for further research of the lake.
The Analysis and Evaluation of Water Quality in the Artificial Reefs Areas, Haizhou Bay
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Zhu Zhu , Gao Chun Mei
Published: June 2014

According to the survey data of water quality from 2010 of fifteen monitoring sites which in the area of artificial reefs, one mass index of water quality evaluation method, comprehensive quality index method of Water quality and eutrophication level index method were used to analyze the water quality status in Haizhou Bay. The results shows that, each site BOD5, COD, DIN accord with standard of sea water quality class 1. DIP mostly belong to 2 class standard; In addition to four monitoring sites’ water integrated quality in the slight pollution status for grade 3, the rest of the eleven regions of the sea water is relatively clean for grade 2; This sea water’s N/P maintain the balance basically, In addition to a site appears eutrophication phenomenon, most are in low and medium nutrient level.
The Relationship of Chlorophyll-A, Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus in Wuliangsuhai Lake
Authors: Hao Yun , Yu Rui Hong , Zhang Yu Jin , Yang Huan
Published: June 2014

This paper studied the relationship of chlorophyll-a, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentration based on the conventional monitoring data in 2013. The results showed that the concentration of chlorophyll-a (Chl.a) had obvious correlation with TN, TP in July and August, and there was no relationship in October. Furthermore, content of nitrogen is more relevant to chlorophyll-a than phosphorus by regression analysis. Therefore, it was indicated that nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients had intimated relationships with algae growth.
Properties, Preparation and Application of Oil Spill Dispersant
Authors: Shen Wei , Wang Zhi Xia , Chen Rong Chang , Liu Chun Ling
Published: June 2014

The oil spill dispersant called “elimination agent of oil” is used to disperse the oil slicks to facilitate the natural elimination of oil. Oil spill dispersants are used to enhance the rate of natural dispersion of an oil spill at sea. There is growing acceptance worldwide that use of dispersants to counter the effects of an oil spill offers many advantages and can often result in a net environmental benefit when considered in relation to other response options. Timely spraying oil spill dispersants is the main measures to remove surface oil pollution and to prevent fires, when mechanical recycling cannot be used in case of emergency. Efficient and environmentally friendly oil spill dispersant meet both the emulsification dispersion and zero pollution to the environment, and has been more widely used and developed.
Using Structural Equation Modeling to Analyze Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior Concerning Wetland Conservation
Authors: Ho Fong Jueh , Lin Yaw Jian , Kuo Hsin Yi , Huang Yung Chuan , Chung Chung Yi , Lai Wen Liang , Liao Shao Wei
Published: June 2014

This study surveyed 338 the 5th and 6th grade students at an elementary school in Pingtung County, Taiwan, after they received three months education on wetland conservation. A total of 325 valid responses were received, accounting for 96.2% of the students. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM), and the outcome showed that the structural model of wetland conservation passed the normality test and that the model had a good fit. It was understood through path coefficients that conservation attitude is a partial mediator. The total effect of conservation knowledge on conservation attitude and behavior is 0.78, and the total effect of conservation attitude on conservation behavior is 0.59.
Using Zooplankton Indicators to Assess the Ecological Condition of a Lake
Authors: Sirotina Marina Valerievna , Zontikov Dmitriy Nikolaevich , Krinitsyn Igor Georgievich
Published: June 2014

Nowadays zooplankton is widely used as an indicator of ecological conditions of waterbodies. This article shows the result of the research in zooplankton community of Kamenik Lake. Diversity of zooplankton community, species composition, indicating species, quantitative characteristics, trophic status and saprobity are being evaluated. Hydrochemical data is provided and a development forecast is made.
Evaluation and Content of Various Heavy Metals Found in the Fish (Chaeturichthys Stigmatias Richardson) Collected from the Oil Spill Area of Bohai Bay (China) during the Summer
Authors: Wang Hong Wei , Zhu Na , Cai Duan Bo , Wang Yong Fang , Liu Yu Wei , Tian Si Qi , Wang Yu , Huo Ran
Published: June 2014

The heavy metal content in fish (Chaeturichthys stigmatias Richardson) tissue in the oil spill area of Bohai Bay had been evaluated though the determination results, the distribution and variation difference of the heavy metal content in fish tissue had been discussed The fish of each sample stations were not polluted by heavy metals.
The Situation and Countermeasures of Ecological Environment in China: Based on the Cross-Boundary Governance Theory
Authors: Yang Shu
Published: June 2014

The article introduces the ecological environment in China, analyses the situation of the atmosphere pollution and water pollution, and then introduces the cross-boundary governance theory, which can solve the environmental problem, at last analyses the countermeasures of ecological environment in China: reinforce the environmental protection functions of governments; draft the plan of national and regional environmental protection and cooperation; enhance the organization mechanism of national and regional environmental protection.
Wetland Water Quality Evaluation Research by Method of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
Authors: Chen Juan
Published: June 2014

This thesis selects six factors, including DO, COD, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium permanganate as monitoring indexes to evaluate the wetland water quality of Huangjia Lake in Wuhan City with the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation referring to Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water. The result is basically identical with that of single factor index method. Evaluation results show that the wetland water quality in Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Wuhan University of Science and Technology is of good quality with slight pollution.