bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEM and TEM Study of MTO Catalyst Molecular Sieve ZSM-5
Authors: Wenqing H , Ying Z , Fei Z , Jing Y , Jianzhun J , Lunjia X , Mingsen Z
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Extension Tip of Lift-Out Probe in FIB Systems
Authors: Wang SX
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Cone-Shaped Thickness Standard Made by Focused Ion Beam
Authors: Wang SX
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Metallography and Microstructure of Metals Used in Medical Devices
Authors: Voort G Vander
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Subcellular Protein Localization with Hard X-Ray Microscopy
Authors: Tseng P-Y , Shih Y-T , Wang C-H , Chien C-C , Hsu T , Hwu Y , Je JH , Margaritondo G
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Which One Is The Culprit Lesion?
Authors: Siew S
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Sterol Accumulation in Macrophage Foam Cell Lysosomes Inhibits the Lysosome's Ability to Maintain Acidic pH by Inhibiting Vacuolar-ATPases
Authors: Cox BE , Ullery JC , Jerome WG
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Multi-Photon Imaging in Live Cells: A Close Look at Recent Advances
Authors: Stutzmann G
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Synthesis and Characterization of L-Arginine H3PO4 Nano-Crystals with Non-Linear Optical Properties.
Authors: Paredes J Hernández , Ponce H Esparza , Moller A Duarte
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Electron Damage of CdSe Quantum Rods
Authors: Maccagnano S , Mkhoyan KA , Calcines J , Krauss TD , Silcox J
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Automated High-quality TEM Sample Preparation
Authors: Yamamoto Y , Asahata T , Kiyohara M , Suzuki H , Takahashi H , Ikku Y , Sato M , Matsumura H , Iwasaki K , Fujii T
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Dislocations in Strontium Titanate
Authors: Sigle W , Brunner D , Zhang Z , Taeri S , Sarbu C
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Microscopy Study of Carbon Nanotubes Produced by Electrical Discharge in Liquid
Authors: Manevych V , Jartovskiy O , Axelevitch A , Lapsker I , Golan G , Makrinich G , Gorenstein B , Verdyan A
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Advanced High-Energy Resolution Silicon Drift Detectors
Authors: Terborg R , Rohde M
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
A Mixed Cell Protocol for Sensitized Emission FRET Experiments
Authors: Weiss A , Melamed-Book N , Avital O , Brandeis M
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Analysis of Stresses and Strains around Dislocations at Grain Boundaries by Quantitative High-Resolution Electron Microscopy
Authors: Hytch M , Putaux J-L , Thibault J
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Corrected Formulation for Spurr Low Viscosity Embedding Medium Using The Replacement Epoxide ERL 4221
Authors: Ellis EA
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Electron Tomography of Tungsten Tips by Coherent and Incoherent Imaging Modes of TEM/STEM
Authors: Xu X , Saghi Z , Peng Y , Gay R , Inkson BJ , Moebus G
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Simulating Shot Noise in Electron Holograms -- Recorded Digitally
Authors: Voelkl E
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Analysis of Zirconia Profile in In-Ceram Zirconia Dental Restoration
Authors: Luo Q , Thompson GA
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
X-ray Microscopy Analysis of Bacterial Cells
Authors: Kemner K , Kelly S , Boyanov M , Ravel B , O'Loughlin E , Lai B , Dohnalkova A , Marshall M , Fredrickson J , Glasauer S , Beveridge T , Daly M , Nealson K
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Radial Concentration Profile Reconstruction from EDX Mapping of Au-Pt Nanoparticles
Authors: Braidy N , Botton GA
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Improved Native Tissue Ultrastructure Investigations by High Pressure Freezing and Cryo-SEM
Authors: Kaech A , Gross H , Wepf R
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Automated, 100-Specimen Loading and Imaging System for Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Lefman J , Morrison R , Subramaniam S
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Electron Microscopy Study of Zinc Silicate Coated Diatom Frustules
Authors: Gutu T , Lee D-H , Jeffryes C , Rorrer GL , Chang C-H , Jiao J
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Dynamic Volume Change Measurement in Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Tang X , Rooij M De
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Characterization of OSSEOTITE® Surfaces on CP Titanium and Titanium Alloy Dental Implants
Authors: Gubbi P , Berckmans B
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Microanalysis of Trace Evidence in an Airbag Injury Case
Authors: Stoeffler S
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
New Method of Preparing Cross Sectional Samples and Ultra-Thin Foils for SEM and TEM by a Broad Argon Ion Beam
Authors: Ogura K , Erdman N , Campbell AR , Asahina S
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Performance of X-ray Microanalysis in the Variable Pressure or Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Berre J-F Le , Robertson K , Gauvin R , Demopoulos GP
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Future Trends for Quantitative X-Ray Microanalysis is a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope at Low Beam Energies
Authors: Gauvin R
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Localization and Molecular Stoichiometry of Plastid Division Proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2
Authors: Vitha S , McAndrew RS , Kadirjan-Kalbach D , Osteryoung KW , Holzenburg A
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Structural Analysis of an Extracellular matrix protein adhesin (EmaA) of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Yu C , Lenox C , Mintz K , Ruiz T
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Learning Isolating Techniques for Microscopical Analyses
Authors: Diebold K , Partin K
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Multi-Channel Detection of the Angular Distribution of Backscattered Electrons in the Scanning Low Energy Electron Microscope
Authors: Mullerova I , Konvalina I
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Si and Ge Nanowire Growth Mechanisms Observed using In Situ Microscopy
Authors: Kodambaka S , Hannon JB , Tromp RM , Reuter MC , Tersoff J , Ross FM
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Microanalysis of Transition Metal Substituted ZnO
Authors: Kolesnik S , Dabrowski B , Cook RE
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Low-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy of Bovine Gametes – a Review of Preparative Techniques and Methods
Authors: Tengowski M
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Micostructure and Magnetic Properties of FePt/MgO Multilayers
Authors: Fu Y , Wittig J , Bentley J , Evans N , Lu B
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Contacting Nanospheres
Authors: Deneen J , Mook W , Gerberich W , Carter CB
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Patterning and Identity of Functional Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: Pan Z , Dravid V
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Measuring the Roughness of Buried Interfaces in Nanostructures by Local Electrode Atom Probe (LEAP®) Analysis
Authors: O'Neill RW , Larson DJ , Thompson K , Kunicki TC , Geiser B
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Cryo FIB Applications: Metallographic Etching of Biological Materials; Cryolithography with Ice as an Environmentally Friendly Photoresist
Authors: MoberlyChan WJ , Reyntjens S , Minor AM
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Site-specific Lift Out Sample Preparation Technique for Atom Probe Analysis
Authors: Lawrence D , Thompson K , Larson DJ , Gorman B
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Double Optical Tweezers for 3D Photonic Force Measurements
Authors: Neves AA R , Fontes A , Moreira WL , Thomaz AA de , Almeida DB , Barbosa LC , Cesar CL
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Quantifying the Effects of Light Scattering in a Confocal Microscopy Imaging System
Authors: Pasternack D
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Comparison Between the Experimentally Determined Orientation Dependence of the Near Edge Structure in Electron Energy Loss Spectra from Graphite with Present Theoretical Formulations
Authors: Liu A , Zaluzec N
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
TEM Studies of Oxides Formed on Nickel-Based Alloys in Secondary Side Water
Authors: Andrei C , Ramamurthy S , Yu J , Phaneuf M , Botton G
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Techniques for Polymer Composites Failure Analysis by Optical Microscopy
Authors: Gammon LM
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Visualizing the Molecular Machines of Bacterial Motility In-situ with Electron Cryotomography
Authors: Jensen GJ , Murphy GE , Henderson GP , Li Z , Komeili A , Newman D , Leadbetter JR
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Aluminum Reinforced with Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Martínez-Sánchez R , Reyes-Gasga J , Caudillo R , García-Gutierrez DI , Márquez-Lucero A , Estrada-Guel I , Yacaman MJ
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
3-Dimentional Observation of Lamellar Structure of a High Density Polyethylene Using Transmission Electron Micro-tomography
Authors: Matsumoto H , Sano H
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Radiation Damage of C60 Single Molecules Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotube
Authors: Koshino M , Suenaga K , Nakamura E
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Characterization of Catalytic Supports by Means of High-Resolution TEM and SEM in Combination with Shadow-Casting and Decoration Procedures
Authors: Tesche B , Schulenburg H , Spliethoff B , Reetz MT
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Sensitivity and Accuracy in Processing X-ray Spectrum Images
Authors: Statham P
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
In Situ Observation of Structural and Morphological Changes in Nanometer-sized Silver Particles on Graphite during Sublimation
Authors: Hirotaro M , Jung-Goo L , Mori N , Lee JG
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Observation of Magnetic Circular Dichroism in the Electron Microscope
Authors: Hébert C , Rubino S , Schattschneider P , Rusz J , Novak P , Hurm C , Zweck J
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Orientation Relationship and Growth Direction Determination of Gd5Si3 Phase in Gd5Si4 Matrix
Authors: Ugurlu O , Chumbley LS , Lograsso TA , Schlagel DL
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Chemical Etching and Staining of Ferrous Powder Metallurgy Materials
Authors: Murphy T
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Uncovering Nanoscale Chemical Variations in the Third Dimension; Electron Tomography in the Analytical Mode
Authors: Weyland M , Yurtsever A , Ercius P , Muller D
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Coherence Effects in Electron Diffraction from Presolar Graphenes
Authors: Mandell E , Fraundorf P
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
A Novel Automated Approach to Serial Block Face DualBeam Electron Microscopy for the Exploration of Cortical Circuits
Authors: Knott GW , Wall DC , Mulders H , Chklovskii DB , Reyntjens S , Lich BH
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Circumferential FIB Milling for Lift-Out Specimens
Authors: Giannuzzi LA , Anzalone PA , Young RJ , Phifer DW
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Crack Tip Plastic Zone Formation during Pipeline Hydrostatic Testing
Authors: Li J , Elboujdaini M , Liu P
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Charge Compensated Perovskite Polar Surface: SrTiO3(111)-3x3
Authors: Chiaramonti AN , Russell BC , Castell MR , Subramanian AK , Poeppelmeier KR , Stair PC , Marks LD
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Sampling Errors in Optical Microscope Measurements using Image Analysis
Authors: Carlton R
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Three Dimensional Laser-assisted Atom-probe Tomography: Advanced Analysis of Si Nanostructures
Authors: Thompson K , Larson DJ , Bunton JH , Ulfig RM , Prosa TJ , Sebastian JT , Lenz DR , Gerstl SS A , Reinhard DA , Olson JD , Kelly TF
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Minimization of Ga Induced FIB Damage Using Low Energy Clean-up
Authors: Thompson K , Gorman B , Larson D , Leer B van , Hong L
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
¡§A New Era of Imaging.¡¨ New Results Beyond the 1 Ångström Barrier
Authors: Freitag B , Stam M Van der , Erni R , Lopatin S , Stekelenburg M
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Understanding the Three-dimensional Architecture in Terms of Spatial Arrangements of Organelle-bound Protein Complexes - Our Next Great Challenge
Authors: Bos E , Bomans P , Haas F De , Voorhout W , Gnaegi H , Frederik P , Hubert D , Peters P
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Fabrication and Morphology of ZnO and ZnS Nanoribbon Heterostructure
Authors: Kim P-S G , Murphy M , Zhou XT , Couillard M , Sham TK , Botton GA
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Nanowire Formation Using Templates of Self-Assembled Nanofold Networks on Surfaces of Layered Crystals
Authors: Dietz F , Spiecker E , Schroeder H , Dahmen U , Jäger W
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Raman Microscopy Made Easy
Authors: Tague T , Zhao J
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Application of Quantitative 3D Microscopy to Understand Surface Properties of Engineering Thermoplastics
Authors: Guise O , Preschilla N , Ellington D , Sikder A
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Mineralization in Mammalian Growth, Aging, and Disease
Authors: Tousimis AJ , B-Schatten H
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Mg3(VO4)2: Insight Into Catalytic Behavior Through Single Crystal Studies
Authors: Lanier C , Erdman N , Marks LD , Poeppelmeier KR
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Contrast Transfer and Resolution Limits for Sub-Ångström High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Lentzen M , Urban K
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Three Dimensional Reconstruction of Alpha Laths in alpha/beta Titanium Alloys by Serial Sectioning with a FEI NOVA 600
Authors: Williams RE A , Uchic M , Dimiduk D , Fraser HL
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Analysis of the Ultrastructure of the Canine Zona Pellucida
Authors: Lunn M , Wright S
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Depth Dependent Oxidation States in a PtRu Thin Film
Authors: Srivastava C , Thompson G , Reinhard D , Prosa T , Larson DJ
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Effect of the Growth Temperature in the Composition Fluctuation of GaInNAs/GaAs Quantum Wells
Authors: Herrera M , Ramasse Q , González D , García R , Browning N , Hopkinson M , Liu HY
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Cryo-Electron Microscopy Analysis of a 105 kDa Protein Particle: The Xylulose Kinase from E. Coli
Authors: Chou H-T , Luccio E di , Wilson D , Stahlberg H
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Transfer of Sensitive Samples from FIB to TEM
Authors: Dickerson PO , Dickerson RM , Moore TM , Amador G , Zaykova-Feldman L
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Spectrum Imaging with a Microcalorimeter EDS Detector on a FEG-SEM
Authors: Kenik EA , Demers H
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Preparation Methods for 3-D Biological Cryo-TEM
Authors: Marko M , Hsieh C-E , Shalek R , Ting C , Mannella C , Frank J
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Combined Hyperspectral Cathodoluminescence and X-Ray Datasets
Authors: Edwards PR , Martin RW , Lee MR
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Relationship Between Quartz Trace Elements and SEM-Cathodoluminescence Textures Revealed Using WDS Mapping Techniques
Authors: Lowers H , Rusk B
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Spectral Imaging and Multivariate Statistical Analysis from Thin Specimens in the SEM with a Four-Channel Silicon Drift Detector
Authors: Kotula PG , Michael JR
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Assignment of Chiral Indices of Boron Nitride Nanotubes by Electron Diffraction
Authors: Arenal R , Kociak M , Loiseau A , Miller DJ
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
The Dynamic Envelope of a Fusion Type 2 Virus - Reorganizations Observed during Prefusion Stages in Semliki Forest Virus
Authors: Wu S-R , Haag L , Hammar L , Wu BM , Garoff H , Xing L , Murata K , Cheng R-H
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Two-Photon Induced Emission From Silver Nanoparticle Aggregates on Thin Films and in Solution
Authors: Ewald M , Gunn JM , Dantus M
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Surface Roughness Instabilities in Low-Angle Ion Milling
Authors: Barnard AW , Hyun JK , Grazul JL , Muller DA
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Electron Microscopy Study of the Acid-Etched Titanium-Tissue Interface
Authors: Kubo K , Chiou W-A , Att W , Lai L-C , Ogawa T
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Superparamagnetic Behavior of µm-sized Permalloy Disks
Authors: Schofield MA , Beleggia M , Lau JW , Zhu Y
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Atomic Resolution Elemental Map of EELS with a Cs Corrected STEM
Authors: Okunishi E , Sawada H , Kondo Y , Kersker M
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Optimal Conditions for Acquiring Cathodoluminescence (CL) Images Using a Cold-Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Mey JL , Klaus AV
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
A New Allogromiid Foraminifer from Coastal Georgia, USA: The Case for an Unusual Form of Chloroplast Sequestration
Authors: Goldstein ST , Habura A , Richardson EA , Bowser SS
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Ultrastructural Features of Mammalian Sperm: Applications of Cold Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy
Authors: Klaus A , Hunnicutt G
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Nanostructure Obtained by Sol-gel Acrylamide Polymerization in Y-V-O System
Authors: Herrera Pérez G , Chavira E , Jiménez-Mier J , Baños L , Guzmán J , Flores C
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Method to Separate In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Misorientation From the Total Misorientation at Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline YBCO Films
Authors: Li J , Goyal A
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
High Speed Spectrum Imaging of Raney Nickel Alloy Using a Large Area Silicon Multi-Cathode Detector (Vortex-EM) and Event Streaming Technique
Authors: Feng L , Barkan S , Saveliev V , Tull C , Takahashi M , Matsumori N , Davilla S , Iwanczyk J , Newbury D , Small J
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Microstructural Study of Metastable ZrO2-Al2O3 and ZrO2-Y2O3-Al2O3 Coatings Deposited Using Solution-Precursor Plasma Spray (SPPS) Process
Authors: Vasiliev AL , Padture NP
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
In-situ TEM Observations of Nucleation and Growth of W-nanowires on SiO2 Substrates in an Electron-beam-induced Deposition Process
Authors: Song M , Kazutaka M , Zhiquan L , Masaki T , Kazuo F
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
On Fine Distribution of Rod Derived Cone Viability Factor in the Rabbit Retina
Authors: Petrosian A , Poghosyan L , Gasparyan V , Mikaelyan M , Clerin E , Sahel JA , Leveillard T
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Low-Voltage Dark-Field STEM Imaging with Optimum Detection Angle
Authors: Morikawa A , Kamiya C , Watanabe S , Nakagawa M , Ishitani T
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
3D-TEM Study of Gamma Alumina Catalyst Supports
Authors: Sinkler W , Bradley SA , Ziese U , Jong KP de
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Depth-related Contrast in Aberration-Corrected Confocal STEM
Authors: Jonge N de , Lupini AR , Benthem K van , Borisevich AY , Pennycook SJ
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
EBSD Characterization of SCC in Alloy 182 Weld Metal
Authors: Othon M , Morra M
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
In-situ TEM Synthesis of WO2.9 Nanofibers: Characteristics and Growth Mechanism
Authors: Al-Sharab JF , Sadangi RK , Shukla V , Kear BH
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2006
Using Metallography,Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy Techniques to enhance failure analysis on aerospace componets
Authors: Heady WE
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Temporal Evolution of GP Zones in an Al-Ag Alloy
Authors: Marquis EA , Bartelt NB , Leonard F
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Using a Focused Ion Beam to Characterize the Microstructure of Porous Lanthanum Strontium Manganite (LSM) Electrodes
Authors: Chen A , Smith JR , DeHoff RT , Jones KS
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Studying Vanadium-based Perovskites by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Chi M , Lane M , Ramasse Q , Ramesh R , Browning N
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Introduction to Confocal Microscopy
Authors: Drazba J
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Structural Organization of Tropism-Switching Bordetella Bacteriophage Revealed by Integrative Electron Cryotomography and Cryomicroscopy
Authors: Dai W , Hodes A , Hui W , Ge P , Atanasov I , Miller J , Zhou ZH
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Three-Dimensional Nanoscale Characterization of Pt Deposition from an Organometallic Precursor Induced by a Focused Ion Beam
Authors: Gerstl SA , Morrone A , Kvitek R
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Stability of Some Copper-based Dental Materials in Artificial Saliva
Authors: Rosca JC Mirza , Aelenei D , Mareci D
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Determination of Resolution in Electron Tomography
Authors: Penczek PA , Frank J
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Lift-out and In-situ STM-TEM Studies of Individual GaN Nanowires
Authors: Taheri ML , Simpkins B , Pehrsson P , Stroud RM
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Recrystallization Behavior of ECAE Processed OFHC Copper
Authors: Waryoba D , Kalu P
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
TEM and EELS Analysis of Anodized Nb2O5: Stoichiometry and Field-Induced Crystallization
Authors: Olszta M , Sloppy J , Wang J , Dickey EC
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Simulation of Coherent Scattering in the STEM
Authors: Wall JS
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
EELS and EFTEM Imaging of Surface Plasmons in Silica-Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Eggeman AS , Petford-Long AK , Dobson PJ
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Three-Dimensional Nanoscale Chemical Imaging via EFTEM Spectral Imaging
Authors: Anderson IM , Scott JH J , Levine ZH
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Comparative Analysis of Viral Particles Using Different Electron Microscopy Methodologies
Authors: Soonsawad P , Ma S , Morgan DG , Hultenby K , Haag L , Wu S-R , Forsell K , Garoff H , Hsieh CE , Marko M , Cheng RH
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Automatic Phase Labeling During Spectral Imaging Acquisitions
Authors: Camus P , McCarthy J , Rohde D
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
A Wide Range of FIB Applications in a Multidisciplinary Analytical Facility
Authors: Batchelor AD , Griffis DP , Russell PE
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
In-Situ Operation of Nanoelectronic Devices
Authors: Cumings J , Brintlinger T , Baloch K , Qi Y
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Development of Electron Tomography Methods to Link Cellular Architecture to Function for Cell Biological Applications
Authors: Verkleij AJ , Geerts WJ C , Barcena-Martin M , Valentijn KM , Jansen KA , Krift TP van der , Post JA , Yukashevska A , Lebbink MN , Humbel BH , Koster AJ
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Hybrid Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Methodology for Obtaining Structural Information of Locally Ordered Connexin26 Gap Junction Lattices.
Authors: Sosinsky GE , Ludtke SJ
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Low Voltage Electron Microscopy of Organic Materials
Authors: Drummy L , Chen J , Yang J , Martin D
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
A Different Kind of Microscopy: Analyzing Features with an Automated Electron Beam
Authors: Schamber F , Beek CK van
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Size Effect in Plasticity of Gold at the Sub-Micron Scale
Authors: Greer J , Budiman A , Nix W
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Nano- and Microporosity in Geopolymer Gels
Authors: Bell JL , Gordon M , Kriven WM
Published: October 2006

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
A quick response of the equatorial ocean to Antarctic sea ice/salinity anomalies
Authors: Ivchenko V. O. , Zalesny V. B. , Drinkwater M. R. , Schröter J.
Published: October 2006

The potential mechanisms for a quick response of the equatorial ocean to processes occurring in the high‐latitude Southern Ocean have been investigated. In the Southern Ocean at the Drake Passage latitudes, there is an zonally unbounded “channel”, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Belt (ACCB). It is demonstrated that in a multiconnected domain such as the ACCB, signals generated by anomalies in the Southern Ocean sea ice cover/salinity distribution can propagate in a wave‐like manner in the form of fast moving barotropic Rossby waves. A disturbance induced near the Drake Passage is demonstrated to generate a Rossby wave that propagates across the Pacific in only a few days. This signal is reflected at the western boundary of the Pacific and generates an equatorward propagating coastally trapped Kelvin wave. The resulting temperature anomaly moves northward along the western coastline up to the vicinity of the equator and increases in amplitude over time. The anomaly in the western edge of equatorial Pacific then begins to propagate eastward along the equator as a trapped equatorial wave. After about 2–3 months this wave reaches the eastern coast, reflects, and generates the coastal trapped wave, which propagates north and south along the coastline in both hemispheres. This process is suggested as one possible direct mechanism by which the extratropical ocean can induce anomalies in the equatorial ocean.
Eddy‐induced cross‐slope exchange maintaining summer high productivity of the Bering Sea shelf break
Authors: Mizobata Kohei , Wang Jia , Saitoh Sei‐ichi
Published: October 2006

Eddy‐related cross‐slope exchange along the Bering Sea shelf break was investigated using a hydrographic observations data set and a numerical model. Results of observations in summer of 2001 showed a shelf break front that formed at a shelf break near an anticyclonic eddy, high nitrate‐nitrite concentrations in the subsurface layer, and high chlorophyll a (Chl‐a) concentrations (≥6 mg m−3) in the surface layer. A hydrographic observation in summer of 2002 exhibited relatively high Chl‐a concentrations at the surface around the anticyclonic eddy. Tracer experiments revealed two types of cross‐slope exchange. Under isopycnals, nutrient‐rich water in the basin is transported to the shelf and there is about a 64.53% increase in integrated nitrate‐nitrite on‐shelf flux (50 m depth ∼bottom), when mesoscale eddies are formed and propagated along the shelf break. At the surface, high Chl‐a waters in the shelf are advected to the deep basin area by eddy transport and propagation. These indicate that (1) mesoscale eddies supply nutrients and sustain primary productivity at the shelf break, and (2) eddies expand the high Chl‐a area to the basin, then to the highly productive area, so that the Green Belt is maintained.
Climatological characteristics of the tropopause parameters derived from GPS/CHAMP and GPS/SAC‐C measurements
Authors: Kishore P. , Namboothiri S. P. , Igarashi K. , Jiang Jonathan H. , Ao Chi O. , Romans Larry J.
Published: October 2006

We have analyzed the tropopause parameters using the data retrieved from the GPS occultation experiment on board the CHAMP and SAC‐C satellites. In the present study we have considered 3–4 years of data. Tropopause parameters such as temperature, height, pressure, and potential temperature have been separately studied for the tropical and other regions. Comparison of the temperature profiles (obtained near the equator) by the CHAMP and SAC‐C satellites with the radiosonde measurements indicates very good agreement at altitudes below the tropopause. Deviations of 1–2 K are seen above the tropopause level. Analysis of the tropopause parameters separately done for the tropics (20°S–20°N) indicates annual variations. The tropopause temperature and pressure variations are strongly correlated, and they both anticorrelate with the tropopause height. Annual oscillation is evident in the variations of tropopause parameters. The sampled data indicate some interannual variations. We have found that there are some differences between the cold point tropopause (CPT) and lapse rate tropopause (LRT) methods of estimates. The global structure of the tropopause indicates clear differences between the tropics and high‐latitude regions. Seasonal variation is evident in the parameters; however, they are more prominent in the polar regions. The paper confirms that the CHAMP and SAC‐C measurements of the tropopause parameters are complementary as there is very little difference between the two measurements.
Extreme enhancement in total electron content after sunset on 8 November 2004 and its connection with storm enhanced density
Authors: Maruyama Takashi
Published: October 2006

After sunset on 8 November 2004, the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) was observed to have anomalously increased following a severe daytime positive TEC storm at longitudes of Japan. The observation was made using a dense GPS receiver network, and covered a geographic latitudinal range of 27 to 45°N. There was a greater increase in TEC at higher latitudes in the evening, and the TEC reached 90 TEC units at 45°N (∼40°N magnetic latitude) at 1145 UT (2045 LT). The TEC enhancement exhibited features significantly different from those of positive TEC storms normally observed at Japan's longitudes. These features are interpreted as low‐latitude signatures of a storm enhanced density (SED). Previously, SEDs were reported only at longitudes of America, and this led to the hypothesis that geomagnetic field configurations at these longitudes play a role in their formation. The present observations indicate that SEDs can be observed at other longitudes.
Vertical distribution of aerosols over an urban continental site in India inferred using a micro pulse lidar
Authors: Satheesh S. K. , Vinoj V. , Moorthy K. Krishna
Published: October 2006

Knowledge of the vertical distribution of aerosols in the atmosphere is important in estimating its radiative forcing. While aircraft based measurements over two locations in India have provided valuable information, the temporal coverage of measurements was limited. In this paper, we examine the vertical distribution of aerosols over a continental, urban location, Bangalore in southern India, using a micro pulse lidar (MPL) operated for about two years (2004 and 2005), and infer the effects of the boundary layer dynamics. Early morning hours are characterized by a shallow aerosol layer, a few hundred meters thick. As day advances, the strong convective eddies are seen to transport the aerosols vertically up to more than 1500 m. Seasonal changes in the aerosol vertical structure, contribution of the boundary layer aerosols to the column optical depth as well as the frequency of occurrence of clouds within aerosol layer are examined.
Composition and sources of carbonaceous aerosols at three contrasting sites in Hong Kong
Authors: Zheng Mei , Hagler Gayle S. W. , Ke Lin , Bergin Michael H. , Wang Fu , Louie Peter K. K. , Salmon Lynn , Sin Della W. M. , Yu Jian Zhen , Schauer James J.
Published: October 2006

A significant fraction of the fine particulate matter in Hong Kong is made up of organic carbon. In order to quantitatively assess the contributions of various sources to carbonaceous aerosol in Hong Kong, a chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model in combination with organic tracers was employed. Organic tracers including n‐alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), steranes, hopanes, resin acids, cholesterol, levoglucosan, and picene in PM2.5 collected from three air monitoring sites located at roadside, urban, and rural areas in Hong Kong are quantified using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in the present study. Analyses of some overlapping species from two separate laboratories will be compared for the first time. Spatial and seasonal source contributions to organic carbon (OC) in PM2.5 from up to nine air pollution sources are assessed, including diesel engine exhaust, gasoline engine exhaust, meat cooking, cigarette smoke, biomass burning, road dust, vegetative detritus, coal combustion, and natural gas combustion. Diesel engine exhaust dominated fine organic carbon in Hong Kong (57 ± 13% at urban sites and 25 ± 2% at the rural site). Other sources that play an important role are meat cooking and biomass burning, which can account for as much as 14% of fine organic carbon. The primary sources identified by this technique explained 49%, 79%, and 94% of the measured fine organic carbon mass concentration at the rural, the urban, and the roadside sites, respectively. The unexplained fine OC is likely due to secondary organic aerosol formation.