bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Access to dental care and dental ill-health of people with serious mental illness: views of nurses working in mental health settings in Australia
Authors: Happell Brenda , Platania-Phung Chris , Scott David , Hanley Christine
Published: August 2013

People with serious mental illness experience higher rates of oral and dental health problems than the wider population. Little is known about how dental health is viewed or addressed by nurses working with mental health consumers. This paper presents the views of nurses regarding the nature and severity of dental health problems of consumers with serious mental illness, and how often they provide advice on dental health. Mental health sector nurses (n = 643) completed an online survey, including questions on dental and oral health issues of people with serious mental illness. The majority of nurses considered the oral and dental conditions of people with serious mental illness to be worse than the wider community. When compared with a range of significant physical health issues (e.g. cardiovascular disease), many nurses emphasised that dental and oral problems are one of the most salient health issues facing people with serious mental illness, their level of access to dental care services is severely inadequate and they suffer significantly worse dental health outcomes as a result. This study highlights the need for reforms to increase access to dental and oral health care for mental health consumers.
Role of lysine methylation of NF-κB in differential gene regulation
Authors: Lu Tao , Yang Maojing , Huang De-Bin , Wei Han , Ozer Gulcin H. , Ghosh Gourisankar , Stark George R.
Published: August 2013

Lysine methylation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) on K218 and K221 together or K37 alone strongly enhances gene expression in response to cytokines. We analyzed the effects of K-to-Q mutations in the REL homology domain of p65 on the response to IL-1β in 293 cells with low levels of p65. The K218/221Q mutation greatly reduced the expression of 39 of 82 genes, whereas the K37Q mutation reduced the expression of 23 different genes. Enhanced expression of the lysine demethylase FBXL11, which catalyzes the demethylation of K218 and K221 specifically, inhibited the expression of most of the genes that were inhibited by the DKQ mutation. CHIP-Seq analysis showed that the K218/221Q mutation greatly reduces the affinity of p65 for many promoters and that the K37Q mutation does not. Structural modeling showed that the newly introduced methyl groups of K218 and K221 interact directly with DNA to increase the affinity of p65 for specific κB sites. Thus, the K218/221Q and K37Q mutations have dramatically different effects because methylations of these residues affect different genes by distinct mechanisms.
Immunization of fucose-containing polysaccharides from Reishi mushroom induces antibodies to tumor-associated Globo H-series epitopes
Authors: Liao Shih-Fen , Liang Chi-Hui , Ho Ming-Yi , Hsu Tsui-Ling , Tsai Tsung-I , Hsieh Yves S.-Y. , Tsai Chih-Ming , Li Shiou-Ting , Cheng Yang-Yu , Tsao Shu-Ming , Lin Tung-Yi , Lin Zong-Yan , Yang Wen-Bin , Ren Chien-Tai , Lin Kuo-I , Khoo Kay-Hooi , Lin Chun-Hung , Hsu Hsien-Yeh , Wu Chung-Yi , Wong Chi-Huey
Published: August 2013

Carbohydrate-based vaccines have shown therapeutic efficacy for infectious disease and cancer. The mushroom
Ganoderma lucidum
(Reishi) containing complex polysaccharides has been used as antitumor supplement, but the mechanism of immune response has rarely been studied. Here, we show that the mice immunized with a
l
-fucose (Fuc)-enriched Reishi polysaccharide fraction (designated as FMS) induce antibodies against murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells, with increased antibody-mediated cytotoxicity and reduced production of tumor-associated inflammatory mediators (in particular, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). The mice showed a significant increase in the peritoneal B1 B-cell population, suggesting FMS-mediated anti-glycan IgM production. Furthermore, the glycan microarray analysis of FMS-induced antisera displayed a high specificity toward tumor-associated glycans, with the antigenic structure located in the nonreducing termini (i.e., Fucα1-2Galβ1-3GalNAc-R, where Gal, GalNAc, and R represent, respectively, D-galactose, D-N-acetyl galactosamine, and reducing end), typically found in Globo H and related tumor antigens. The composition of FMS contains mainly the backbone of 1,4-mannan and 1,6-α-galactan and through the Fucα1-2Gal, Fucα1-3/4Man, Fucα1-4Xyl, and Fucα1-2Fuc linkages (where Man and Xyl represent
d
-mannose and
d
-xylose, respectively), underlying the molecular basis of the FMS-induced IgM antibodies against tumor-specific glycans.
Towards an understanding of the impact of intensity and diversity of contact with the TL during study abroad on the construction of identity
Authors: Devlin Anne Marie
Published: August 2013

The objective of this paper is to investigate the correlation between diversity and intensity of interactions with the target language in a Study Abroad context, duration of SA and the construction of identity. In order to determine such a correlation, a two-fold study is conducted. The first stage is the completion of a highly detailed language contact profile (LCP) questionnaire. This provides extensive information regarding language learning history and is a powerful tool in illuminating the intensity and diversity of exposure to a range of loci of learning that learners experience during study abroad. Following completion of the LCP, the informants take part in two role plays which require the construction of differential identities when engaged in a speech event of asking for advice. The construction of identities then undergoes linguistic analysis in order to investigate if and how differences in the construction of compound identities are indexed. In brief, results indicate that highly-intense, symmetrical exposure to a range of loci of learning is probable only after an accumulated duration of more than one year and that only after such a period, the learner acquires agency over identity construction.
Reconstructing Proto-Indo-European categories
Authors: Rizza Alfredo , Kurras Paola Cotticelli
Published: August 2013

Starting from the analysis of constructions employed to express the category of reflexive in Hittite, encoded both by the verbal ending set of the middle and by the pronominal marker -za with both active and middle verbal forms, we present a typological parallelism with the Baltic languages that has consistently developed, from a pronominal, a verbal strategy to mark reflexivity. It is also shown that a development regarding the ways of encoding reflexivity involve other Indo-European languages as well.
The Anatolian languages attest the reflexes of the original set of endings referring to the semantic categories of Reflexive, Middle and “Resultative”, while the other Indo-European languages attest an innovated “mixed morphology” for the category of Middle and Reflexive as opposed to the proper endings of the historical perfect. Within such a theoretical framework, the development of alternative strategies, using pronominal devices or particles, aims to disambiguate a wide polysemous ending set. A ‘Wackernagel’ (2P) particle in Hittite, namely -z, is particularly active in disambiguating reflexivity. Lithuanian -si, an original pronoun that developed at first into a 2P particle and subsequently into a verbal suffix, extends its functional field and takes over the place of the original middle, as in other Baltic and Slavonic languages.
Emotion in an alliance rupture and resolution sequence: A theory‐building case study
Authors: Kramer Ueli , Pascual-Leone Antonio , Despland Jean-Nicolas , De Roten Yves
Published: August 2013

Aims: Alliance rupture and resolution processes are occasions for the client to have his or her core interpersonal patterns activated in the here and now of the therapy and to negotiate them with the therapist. So far, no studies have been conducted on emotional processing, from a sequential perspective using distinct emotion categories, in alliance rupture and resolution therapy sessions. This is the objective of this theory‐building case study. Method: This client underwent a 34‐session long, psychodynamic psychotherapy within the context of an open trial. An alliance rupture‐resolution sequence of two subsequent sessions, along with a third control session, was selected from this case and these sessions were rated using the Classification of Affective‐Meaning States (CAMS), an observer‐rated method to classify distinct emotions, according to current emotion‐focused models. Results: The results indicate that the rupture session was associated, above all, with core maladaptive fear, evoked in the actual here and now of the therapeutic relationship, whereas the resolution session was associated with the expression and experience of adaptive hurt as regards biographical issues of the client. Discussion: These results are discussed with regard to the alliance rupture and resolution model and the exploration of integrating client's emotional processing in the model.
On the characters of unipotent representations of a semisimple 𝑝-adic group
Authors: Kim Ju-Lee , Lusztig George
Published: August 2013

Let

G
G

be a semisimple almost simple algebraic group defined and split over a nonarchimedean local field

K
K

and let

V
V

be a unipotent representation of

G
(
K
)

G(K)

(for example, an Iwahori-spherical representation). We calculate the character of

V
V

at compact very regular elements of

G
(
K
)

G(K)

.
Ciceribacter lividus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of chick pea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Kathiravan R. , Jegan S. , Ganga V. , Prabavathy V. R. , Tushar L. , Sasikala Ch. , Ramana Ch. V.
Published: August 2013

The taxonomic position of strain MSSRFBL1T, isolated from chickpea rhizosphere soil from Kannivadi, India, was determined. Strain MSSRFBL1T formed bluish black colonies, stained Gram-negative and was motile, aerobic, capable of fixing dinitrogen, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Q-10 was the major respiratory quinone. Major fatty acids of strain MSSRFBL1T were C18 : 1ω7c and C19 : 0cycloω8c. Minor amounts of C18 : 0, C12 : 0, C14 : 0 3-OH, C18 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c, C17 : 0 3-OH and C20 : 1ω7c were also present. Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and two unidentified glycolipids. Bacteriohopane derivatives (BHD1 and 2), diplopterol, diploptene, bishomohopanediol, adenosylhopane and 2β-methyl bacteriohopanetetrol were the major hopanoids of strain MSSRFBL1T. The genomic DNA G+C content was 71 mol%. EzTaxon-e-based blast analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated the highest similarity of strain MSSRFBL1T to

Ensifer adhaerens

LMG 20216T (97.3 %) and other members of the genus

Ensifer

(<96.9 %) in the family

Rhizobiaceae

of the class

Alphaproteobacteria

. However, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, recA, thrC and dnaK gene sequences showed distinct out-grouping from the recognized genera of the family

Rhizobiaceae

. Based on phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characters, strain MSSRFBL1T represents a novel species in a new genus in the family

Rhizobiaceae

for which the name Ciceribacter lividus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Ciceribacter lividus is MSSRFBL1T ( = DSM 25528T = KCTC 32403T).
Hymenobacter koreensis sp. nov. and Hymenobacter saemangeumensis sp. nov., isolated from estuarine water
Authors: Kang Ji Young , Chun Jeesun , Choi Ahyoung , Moon Sung Hyun , Cho Jang-Cheon , Jahng Kwang Yeop
Published: August 2013

Two Gram-reaction-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and red–pink-pigmented bacterial strains, designated GYR3077T and GSR0100T, were isolated from a water sample of the Mangyung estuary enclosed by the Saemangeum Embankment in JEOLlabuk-do, South Korea, and were characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA genes of strains GYR3077T and GSR0100T exhibited sequence similarities of 95.9 % to

Hymenobacter deserti

ZLB-3T and 96.6 % to

Hymenobacter soli

PB17T, respectively, and indicated that these isolates belonged to the phylum

Bacteroidetes

. The major cellular fatty acids present in the two isolates were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c). The major respiratory quinone and polyamine patterns were menaquinone-7 and sym-homospermidine, characteristic of the genus

Hymenobacter

. Flexirubin-type pigments were absent in both strains. The DNA G+C contents of strains GYR3077T and GSR0100T were 60.2 mol% and 61.9 mol%, respectively. The major polar lipid of strains GYR3077T and GSR0100T was phosphatidylethanolamine. Based on the morphological and physiological properties, strains GYR3077T and GSR0100T were considered to represent two novel species of the genus

Hymenobacter

, for which the names Hymenobacter koreensis sp. nov. (type strain GYR3077T = KACC 16451T = JCM 17924T) and Hymenobacter saemangeumensis sp. nov. (type strain GSR0100T = KACC 16452T = JCM 17923T) are proposed.
Erythrobacter odishensis sp. nov. and Pontibacter odishensis sp. nov. isolated from dry soil of a solar saltern
Authors: Subhash Y. , Tushar L. , Sasikala Ch. , Ramana Ch. V.
Published: August 2013

Two bacterial strains (JC130T and JA747T) were isolated from dry soils of a solar saltern. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain JA747T clustered with species of the genus

Erythrobacter

belonging to the family

Erythrobacteraceae

of the class

Alphaproteobacteria

in the phylum

Proteobacteria

, while strain JC130T clustered with species of the genus

Pontibacter

belonging to the family

Cytophagaceae

of the phylum

Bacteroidetes

. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JA747T had highest similarity with

Erythrobacter gangjinensis

K7-2T (96.7 %) and other members of the genus

Erythrobacter

(<96 %). Strain JC130T had highest sequence similarity with

Pontibacter korlensis

X14-1T (98.1 %),

Pontibacter actiniarum

KMM 6156T (96.9 %) and other members of the genus

Pontibacter

(<96 %). However, strain JC130T showed less than 32 % DNA reassociation value (based on DNA–DNA hybridization) with

Pontibacter korlensis

NRRL B-51097T ( = X14-1T) and

Pontibacter actiniarum

LMG 23027T ( = KMM 6156T). Strain JA747T was positive for catalase and oxidase activity and negative for nitrate reduction, and hydrolysis of starch and casein. Phosphatidylglycerol, diphostatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were the major polar lipids for strain JA747T. C18 : 1ω7c, C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c, C17 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0 were the major fatty acids of strain JA747T. Strain JC130T was positive for catalase and oxidase, and negative for gelatinase and nitrate reduction. Phosphatidylethanolamine was the major polar lipid of strain JC130T. Major fatty acids of strain JC130T were iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 4 (anteiso-C17 : 1B/iso I). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular evidence presented, strains JA747T and JC130T are considered to represent two novel species of the genera

Erythrobacter

and

Pontibacter

, for which the names Erythrobacter odishensis sp. nov. (type strain JA747T = KCTC 23981T = NBRC 108930T) and Pontibacter odishensis sp. nov. (type strain JC130T = KCTC 23982T = LMG 26962T), respectively, are proposed. Emended descriptions of the genera

Erythrobacter

and

Pontibacter

are provided.
Roseivivax pacificus sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediment
Authors: Wu Yue-Hong , Meng Fan-Xu , Xu Lin , Zhang Xin-Qi , Wang Chun-Sheng , Oren Aharon , Wu Min , Xu Xue-Wei
Published: August 2013

A Gram-stain-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterium, designated 22DY03T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the East Pacific Rise. The isolate required NaCl and grew best with 3–7 % (w/v) sea salts at temperature of between 30 and 35 °C at pH 7.0. It formed non-pigmented colonies and produced exopolysaccharide, but did not produce bacteriochlorophyll a. Strain 22DY03T was positive for hydrolysis of aesculin and Tween 20 and negative for hydrolysis of casein, DNA, gelatin, starch and Tween 40, 60 and 80. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The polar lipid profile consisted of a mixture of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and four unidentified polar lipids. The major fatty acids were C19 : 0 cyclo ω8c, C18 : 1ω7c and 11-methyl C18 : 1ω7c. The genomic DNA G+C content was 64.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 22DY03T should be assigned to the genus

Roseivivax

. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between the isolate and the type strains of species of the genus

Roseivivax

were in the range of 94.1–95.8 %. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, it is concluded that strain 22DY03T represents a novel species of the genus

Roseivivax

, for which the name Roseivivax pacificus sp. nov. (type strain 22DY03T = CGMCC 1.12410T = JCM 18866T) is proposed.
Micromonospora kangleipakensis sp. nov., isolated from a sample of limestone quarry
Authors: Nimaichand Salam , Zhang Yong-Guang , Cheng Juan , Li Li , Zhang Dao-Feng , Zhou En-Min , Dong Lei , Ningthoujam Debananda S. , Li Wen-Jun
Published: August 2013

Strain MBRL 34T, isolated from a sample of limestone quarry located at Hundung, Manipur, India, was characterized by polyphasic taxonomy. The strain showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with

Micromonospora echinaurantica

DSM 43904T (98.4 %), but formed a monophyletic clade with

Micromonospora coerulea

DSM 43143T (98.3 %) in the neighbour-joining tree. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments gave a DNA–DNA relatedness value of 53.1 % between MBRL 34T and

M. coerulea

DSM 43143T. Strain MBRL 34T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, galactose and glucose in the whole-cell hydrolysates along with small amounts of mannose, xylose, rhamnose and ribose. The major polar lipids detected were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositolmannoside, along with an unknown lipid. MK-10(H6), MK-10(H2) MK-11(H4) and MK-10(H4) were the predominant menaquinones detected. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 73.5 %. Based on the taxonomic characteristics from a polyphasic study, strain MBRL 34T merits recognition as a representative of a novel species of the genus

Micromonospora

for which the name Micromonospora kangleipakensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is MBRL 34T ( = DSM 45612T = JCM 17696T).
Lactobacillus faecis sp. nov., isolated from animal faeces
Authors: Endo Akihito , Irisawa Tomohiro , Futagawa-Endo Yuka , Salminen Seppo , Ohkuma Moriya , Dicks Leon
Published: August 2013

Three lactic acid bacteria were isolated from faeces of a jackal (Canis mesomelas) and raccoons (Procyron lotor). The isolates formed a subcluster in theLactobacillus salivariusphylogenetic group, closely related toLactobacillus animalis,Lactobacillus apodemiandLactobacillus murinus, by phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA andrecAgene sequences. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness revealed that the isolates belonged to the same taxon and were genetically separated from their phylogenetic relatives. The three strains were non-motile, obligately homofermentative and producedl-lactic acid as the main end-product fromd-glucose. The strains metabolized raffinose. The major cellular fatty acids in the three strains were C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9cand C19 : 1cyclo 9,10. Based on the data provided, it is concluded that the three strains represent a novel species of the genusLactobacillus, for which the nameLactobacillus faecissp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AFL13-2T( = JCM 17300T = DSM 23956T).
Nibrella saemangeumensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Nibrella viscosa sp. nov., novel members of the family Cytophagaceae, isolated from seawater
Authors: Kang Ji Young , Chun Jeesun , Choi Ahyoung , Cho Jang-Cheon , Jahng Kwang Yeop
Published: August 2013

Two strains, designated GCR0103T and GYR3121T, were isolated from seawater of the Saemangeum Embankment in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. The cells of the two strains were Gram-reaction-negative and non-motile, and formed multicellular filaments. The colonies of the two strains were pink-pigmented and able to grow at 15–37 °C (optimum 25 °C) on R2A and NA medium. Strains GCR0103T and GYR3121T grew at pH 6.5–10 (optimum pH 7.5) and pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and within NaCl ranges of 0–0.4 % and 0–1 %, respectively. The polar lipid profiles of the two strains contained phosphatidylethanolamine, five unknown aminolipids, an unknown phospholipid and four or five unknown lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains GCR0103T and GYR3121T were 56.0 and 54.5 mol%, respectively. The respiratory quinone detected in both strains was MK-7. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between GCR0103T and GYR3121T was 95.5 %. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of the two strains to closely related reference strains were less than 89 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA genes showed that GCR0103T and GYR3121T formed a distinct phyletic line in the family

Cytophagaceae

. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strains GCR0103T and GYR3121T represent two novel species in a new genus within the family

Cytophagaceae

, for which the names Nibrella saemangeumensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Nibrella viscosa sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of Nibrella saemangeumensis is GCR0103T ( = KACC 16453T = JCM 17927T) and the type strain of Nibrella viscosa is GYR3121T ( = KACC 16447T = JCM 17925T).
Shimia biformata sp. nov., isolated from surface seawater, and emended description of the genus Shimia Choi and Cho 2006
Authors: Hameed Asif , Shahina Mariyam , Lin Shih-Yao , Lai Wei-An , Hsu Yi-Han , Liu You-Cheng , Huang Yu-Ming , Young Chiu-Chung
Published: August 2013

A novel, Gram-staining-negative, non-flagellated, oval or short-rod-shaped, strictly aerobic and non-spore-forming marine bacterium, designated strain CC-AMW-CT, was isolated from coastal surface seawater in Kending County, Taiwan. Cells of strain CC-AMW-CT displayed unusual morphology and formed colourless or beige colonies on marine agar. The isolate shared pairwise 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.2 and 97.1 % with

Shimia marina

BCRC 80068T and

Shimia isoporae

BCRC 80085T, respectively, and established a discrete phyletic lineage closely associated with the members of the genus

Shimia

. DNA–DNA hybridization values indicated <18.2 % genomic relatedness with species of the genus

Shimia

. The polar lipid profile of strain CC-AMW-CT comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified aminolipids, four unidentified lipids and an unidentified phospholipid. The predominant fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c (summed feature 8; 75.5 %). The DNA G+C content was 61.2 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 and the major polyamine was cadaverine. The chemotaxonomic evidence, including extraordinary amounts of C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c, major polar lipids, polyamine, quinone and DNA G+C contents of CC-AMW-CT, was in line with that of the members of the genus

Shimia

. Thus, strain CC-AMW-CT should be classified as a novel species of the genus

Shimia

, for which the name Shimia biformata sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-AMW-CT ( = JCM 18818T = BCRC 80548T). An emended description of the genus

Shimia

is also proposed.
Prevalence and characterization of quinolone resistance in Laribacter hongkongensis from grass carp and Chinese tiger frog
Authors: Chen Ding-Qiang , Yang Ling , Luo Yu-Ting , Mao Min-Jie , Lin Yong-Ping , Wu Ai-Wu
Published: August 2013

Laribacter hongkongensis is a food-borne bacterium associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis and diarrhoea. Quinolone resistance was recently reported in bacterial isolates from aquatic products, but the molecular mechanisms for resistance were still unknown. In this study, a total of 157 L. hongkongensis strains were isolated from grass carps (n = 443) and Chinese tiger frogs (n = 171). Twenty-one ciprofloxacin-resistant strains were analysed for mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR), acquired quinolone resistance (AQR) genes and the role of efflux pumps in resistance. All QRDR mutations in gyrA (codons 85 and 89) and parC (codons 83 and 231) were found to be closely associated with ciprofloxacin resistance. The AQR gene aac(6′)-Ib-cr was found in 42.9 % (9/21) of the resistant strains, but qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS and qepA were not detected. No significant change of MICs to ciprofloxacin was observed in the presence of an efflux pump inhibitor, indicating the role of efflux pump was probably absent. All 21 ciprofloxacin-resistant strains showed different electrophoretic patterns, which suggested they were not genetically related. These data highlight the importance of QRDR mutations and the AQR gene aac(6′)-Ib-cr during the development of quinolone resistance in a heterogeneous population of L. hongkongensis.
Calmodulin-Related Proteins Step Out from the Shadow of Their Namesake
Authors: Bender Kyle W. , Snedden Wayne A.
Published: August 2013

Emerging roles for these proteins in plant development and stress response highlight their importance in plant signaling, and their functional diversity underscores the significance of Ca2+ as a second messenger in plants.
A tris(pyrazolyl)borate rhodium phosphite complex that undergoes an Arbusov-like rearrangement
Authors: Jiao Yunzhe , Brennessel William W. , Jones William D.
Published: August 2013

Tp′Rh[P(OMe)3](Me)H, loses methane in pentane solution containing CH2F2to give the scorpionate complex bis(μ-dimethyl phosphito)-κ2P:O;κ2O:P-bis{methyl[tris(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-κN2)borato]rhodium(III)}, [Rh2(CH3)2(C2H6O3P)2(C15H22BN6)2], in which the phosphine O—Me bond is cleaved. The product is dimeric and resembles the Arbusov-type rearrangement product known to form from trimethyl phosphite.
Tris(pyrazolyl)methane and 1,8-naphthalimide-functionalized dialkynylgold(I) anionic complexes
Authors: Reger Daniel L. , Smith Mark D. , Semeniuc Radu F.
Published: August 2013

The reaction of tetrapropylammonium bis(acetylacetonato)gold(I) with alkyne derivatives of the tris(pyrazolyl)methane and 1,8-naphthalimide functional groups yielded two new compounds, both bridged by the linear C[triple-bond]C—Au—C[triple-bond]C spacer, namely tetrapropylammonium bis{3-[2,2,2-tris(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethoxy]prop-1-yn-1-yl}aurate(I), (C16H28N)[Au(C14H13N6O)2], and tetrapropylammonium {η2-μ-3-[2,4-dioxo-3-azatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-1(12),5,7,9(13),10-pentaen-3-yl]prop-1-yn-yl}bis{3-[2,4-dioxo-3-azatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-1(12),5,7,9(13),10-pentaen-3-yl]prop-1-yn-1-yl}digold(I) deuterochloroform disolvate, (C16H28N)[Au2(C15H8NO2)3]·2CDCl3. The alkyne-functionalized scorpionate ligand [Au{C[triple-bond]CCH2OCH2C(pz)3}2]−features two potentially tridentate tris(pyrazolyl)methane donor groups oriented in a `trans' position relative to the C[triple-bond]C—Au—C[triple-bond]C spacer. The naphthalimide-containing compound comprises a σ-bonded NI—CH2—C[triple-bond]C—Au—C[triple-bond]C—CH2—NI unit (NI is the naphthalimide group) π-coordinated to an NI—CH2—C[triple-bond]C—Au neutral fragment. The crystal packing of this compound is supported by π–π stacking interactions of the NI unit, generating a three-dimensional network containing channels accommodating the tetrapropylammonium cations and deuterated chloroform solvent molecules.
Gallium hydride and monovalent indium compounds that feature tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborate ligands
Authors: Yurkerwich Kevin , Rong Yi , Parkin Gerard
Published: August 2013

The tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborate compounds [tris(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-κN2)hydroborato]indium(I), [In(C15H22BN6)], abbreviated as [TpMe2]In, and [tris(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-κN2)hydroborato]indium(I), [In(C24H40BN6)], abbreviated as [TpBut,Me]In, represent well defined examples of three-coordinate monovalent indium. In both compounds, the geometry at indium is pyramidal and natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations indicate that the indium lone pair occupies an orbital that is primarily 5sin character. The trivalent gallium hydride compound hydrido[tris(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-κN2)hydroborato]gallium(III) tetrachloridogallium(III), [Ga(C24H40BN6)H][GaCl4], abbreviated as {[TpBut,Me]GaH}[GaCl4], is obtainedviareaction of [TpBut,Me]Tl with [HGaCl2]2, and the Ga—H bond length of 1.49 (6) Å compares favorably with the mean value of 1.50 Å for structurally characterized gallium hydride compounds that are listed in the Cambridge Structural Database.
Cobalt azide complexes with a tris(carbene)borate ligand scaffold
Authors: Scepaniak Jeremiah J. , Margarit Charles G. , Bontchev Ranko P. , Smith Jeremy M.
Published: August 2013

The four-coordinate CoIIcomplex, (azido-κN)[1,1,′,1′′-(phenylboranetriyl)tris(3-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene)]cobalt(II), [Co(C27H38BN6)(N3)], (1), denoted PhB(t-BuIm)3CoN3, was prepared by the reaction of the corresponding chloride complex with NaN3. One-electron oxidation results in the isolation of the five-coordinate CoIIIcomplex, bis(azido-κN)[1,1,′,1′′-(phenylboranetriyl)tris(3-tert-butyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene)]cobalt(III), [Co(C27H38BN6)(N3)2], (2), denoted PhB(t-BuIm)3Co(N3)2. Attempts to prepare cobalt nitrides by thermolysis or photolysis of these complexes were unsuccessful.
(Acetylacetonato-κ2O,O′)(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2N,N′)iodidocopper(II): a compound with two molecules in the asymmetric unit due to different π–π interactions
Authors: Diniz Lorrane , Carvalho Sandra , Borges Ruth H. U. , Rodrigues Bernardo L.
Published: August 2013

The crystal structure of the title complex, [Cu(C5H7O2)I(C10H8N2)], in the space groupP\overline{1} withZ= 4, is stabilized by π–π interactions and weak C—H...I interactions. The presence of two molecules in the asymmetric unit is associated with different intermolecular π–π interactions between two symmetry-related molecules of each type.
Auditor obligations in an evolving legal landscape
Authors: Tarr Julie-Anne , Mack Janet
Published: August 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to look at auditor obligations to their clients and potentially to third parties such as investors, with a focus on the quality of financial disclosure in an evolving legal framework.

Design/methodology/approach

– The article outlines and compares established and emerging trends relative to information disclosure and contractual performance in parallel contexts where information asymmetry exists. In particular, this article considers the disclosure regime that has evolved in the insurance industry to address the substantial imbalance in the level of knowledge possessed by the insured in comparison to the prospective insurer. Abductive reasoning is used to identify causal constructs that explain the data pattern from which the theorised potential for judicial revision of the interpretation of “true and fair” in line with “good faith” in legal regulation is derived.

Findings

– The authors conclude that there is little doubt that a duty of good faith in relation to auditor-company contractual dealings and potentially a broader good faith duty to third parties such as investors in companies may be on the horizon.

Originality/value

– In the context of stated objectives by organisations such as the International Federation of Accountants to reconcile ethical and technical skills in the wake of the global financial crisis, there is an increased need to rebuild public and investor confidence in the underpinning integrity of financial reporting. This paper offers a perspective on one way to achieve this by recognising the similarities in the information asymmetry relationships in the insurance industry and how the notion of “good faith” in that relationship could be useful in the audit situation.
Competitive advantage in the new contrived social care marketplace: how did we get here?
Authors: Dearnaley Patricia
Published: August 2013

Purpose

Changes in the social care sector over the past 20 years have effected a fundamental shift in commissioning and delivery relationships, creating new markets for social housing services. This paper aims to examine how far existing theories around competitive advantage in markets are compatible with the new public management (NPM) approach to the market, or whether there is a need for a new approach to business planning for agencies that addresses the particular characteristics of this specific quasi‐market.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper draws upon original research developed through a single holistic case study of a UK social housing service, using qualitative research methods including document analysis, interviews, secondary data, observations and facilitated meetings.

Findings

Existing business theory and models around competitive advantage do not suit this “contrived” NPM market. A new framework or model will be needed for analysis and business planning in this new environment.

Originality/value

This paper adds to existing knowledge by critiquing current business models, and positing a potential development to existing contingency theory: the external drivers model. The study has resulted in a number of outputs including an outline of a toolkit to assist in using the model. The model requires further research to establish its generalisability to other organisations and other sectors.
The role of procurement practices in effective implementation of infrastructure projects in Pakistan
Authors: Noor Muhammad Ali , Khalfan Malik M.A. , Maqsood Tayyab
Published: August 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on a research thesis that investigates the role of procurement practices in effective implementation of infrastructure projects in a developing country, i.e. Pakistan. The research investigated and explored the issues and barriers to effective implementation of different procurement methods, the environment and its suitability for implementing different forms of procurement in context of public sector in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was carried out in two stages in the first stage archival analysis was conducted of government documents, reports including reports by international organisations, policy documents and literature. During the second stage case studies were selected based on archival analysis. The unit of analysis is the basis for the case and for this study, it was the procurement of infrastructure projects in public sector in Pakistan and that was the boundary of the research. Eight project case studies were selected from six public sector organizations (organizational case studies). A total of 24 respondents participated from these six organisations.

Findings

The research has identified the different procurement choices and reasons for a particular choice, the issues in procurement choice and the issues in procurement implementation in the public sector organisations in Pakistan. It has also described the impact of procurement practice on successful project outcomes. As a result multiple issues have been identified which affects the choice of procurement such as the need for efficiency and finances, client objectives, timely policy decisions, clarity of clients needs, delays in bidding and response, delays in approvals, proposal and bid evaluation procedures, need for relaxation of rules and project characteristics. The major barriers and constraints to implementation of procurement have been reported to be regulatory and legal, risks and contract management, principles of procurement, political, culture, inter and intra organisational issues, conditions of the country, lack of understanding, land acquisition, project revenue and finance issues. Procurement had a direct impact on successful outcomes of the project, the procurement systems in these organisations had a direct relationship and impact on performance and success of the project.

Originality/value

As a result of this analysis a vivid big picture of road map of the ongoing processes and practice of procurement in public sector in Pakistan has been created which vividly portrays the issues and barriers of the procurement practice in Pakistan.
Application of performance measurement as an early warning system
Authors: Haji‐Kazemi Sara , Andersen Bjørn
Published: August 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the concept of early warning signs in projects and explain how a performance measurement system can be utilized as a source of data for an early warning approach signaling that a project is about to experience problems at some stage in the future.

Design/methodology/approach

Combination of action research and semi‐structured interviews and document analysis supplemented by a post‐mortem analysis after project close‐out.

Findings

Detection of early warning signals in projects can be better enabled through the application of a performance measurement system with properly defined key performance indicators. Utilization of this tool can positively affect the overall success of the project.

Research limitations/implications

The case study involved only one project from the oil and gas industry.

Practical implications

The empirical case study was developed to illustrate the usefulness of exploiting a performance measurement system in a project. A procedure was demonstrated for developing and implementing an early warning system based on performance measurement, and specific performance indicators have been described for other projects to copy.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the gap in the literature concerning the link between early warning and project management and the link between early warning and performance measurement. It offers a new idea on how performance measurement can be used as an effective early warning system and is intended to be primarily of use to project management practitioners and practically‐oriented academics who are interested in developing fresh insights into new approaches for better management of projects.
Formal bargaining and informal sense making in the competitive dialogue procedure
Authors: Hoezen Mieke , Voordijk Hans , Dewulf Geert
Published: August 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to provide insights in how formal bargaining and informal sense making interact and solve problems of understanding between principal and contractor during procurement through the competitive dialogue (CD) of a complex construction project.

Design/methodology/approach

In an in‐depth case study, a process approach is taken to study how formal bargaining and informal sense making interact in a discrete set of critical events during negotiations in the procurement stage.

Findings

The critical events show that problems of understanding arise due to risk aversion and differences in expectations by at least one of the parties involved. In most of the events observed, aspects of the project context are behind the development of problems of understanding.

Practical implications

Negotiations develop in either positive or negative cycles. If managers of both the procuring authorities and the contractors are aware of these cycles, they might be able to influence and use them to their mutual benefit.

Originality/value

By studying the dynamics in interaction processes between principal and contractor during the procurement stage obstacles and preconditions for an effective CD are shown.
Getting real about Big Data: applying critical realism to analyse Big Data hype
Authors: Fox Stephen , Do Tuan
Published: August 2013

Purpose

An emerging application of Big Data is the addition of sensors and other micro‐electronic devices to engineer‐to‐order (ETO) goods such as one‐of‐a‐kind buildings and ships. The addition of micro‐electronic devices can enable the setting up and operation of smart buildings and smart ships. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical realist analysis of Big Data hype. This is necessary to determine what challenges will need to be met before project businesses can achieve informational effects and transformational effects from Big Data technologies.

Design/methodology/approach

A critical realist study informed by reference to predictive theory and findings from action research. The predictive theory is concerned with the three different types of business effects that can come from information and communication technologies (ICTs): automational, informational, and transformational.

Findings

Critical realist analysis reveals that hype about Big Data underplays many challenges in achieving informational and transformational effects.

Practical implications

Many inter‐related non‐trivial factors need to be taken into account when considering investing in Big Data initiatives. These factors range from the planning of data sampling rates, through the robust fixing of sensors, to the implementation of data mining algorithms and signal models.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is that critical realism is used in analysis of Big Data hype. The value of this paper is that it reveals a causal mechanism and causal context for project business Big Data application. This type of critical realist analysis can be applied to enable better understanding of necessary causal mechanisms and causal contexts for other ICT innovations.
The characteristics of and cornerstones for creating integrated teams
Authors: Aapaoja Aki , Herrala Maila , Pekuri Aki , Haapasalo Harri
Published: August 2013

Purpose

Defective stakeholder management has frequently resulted in conflicts and partial failures. Integrated project delivery (IPD) and team integration provides opportunities for organizations to achieve more than they could on their own. The purpose of this study is to analyze the level and challenges of team integration. In addition, study tries to recognize the cornerstones for creating integrated teams in construction projects.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper discusses the characteristics and level of team integration in a construction project, but the main purpose is to derive the cornerstones for creating integrated teams. Results are derived from the analysis of current literature and an empirical case study.

Findings

This paper describes the 12 characteristics of an integrated project team. In addition, the cornerstones for creating integrated teams were recognized as the early involvement and assessment of stakeholders, continuous communication and interaction, cultural change, and making the IPD process well known.

Practical implications

The construction industry is aware of the need to improve control over its delivery processes. In addition, the customers are aware of waste and have started to demand more value. Because IPD and team integration supports the controlling over delivery processes and enables the more efficient value creation, these are extensive issues in developing construction industry.

Originality/value

Team integration is an important part of value creation. Limited research attention has been directed at what the level of integration is compared with the characteristics of integration. This paper also advances team integration research by identifying the cornerstones for integration.
Immunogenicity of inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine in adult and pediatric liver transplant recipients over two seasons
Authors: Suzuki Michio , Torii Yuka , Kawada Jun‐ichi , Kimura Hiroshi , Kamei Hideya , Onishi Yasuharu , Kaneko Kenitiro , Ando Hisami , Kiuchi Tetsuya , Ito Yoshinori
Published: August 2013

Immunological responses to influenza vaccination administered to liver transplantation recipients are not fully elucidated. To compare inactivated influenza vaccine's immunogenicity between adult and pediatric recipients, 16 adult and 15 pediatric living donor liver transplantation recipients in the 2010–11 influenza season, and 53 adult and 21 pediatric recipients in the 2011–12 season, were investigated. Seroprotection rates (hemagglutinin‐inhibition [HI] antibody titer 1:40) were 50–94% to all three antigens among adults and 27–80% among children in both seasons. Seroconversion rates (fourfold or more HI antibody rise) were 32–56% among adults and 13–67% among children in both seasons. No significant differences were observed between the two groups. In addition, 20/53 adult and 13/21 pediatric recipients received a vaccine containing identical antigens in both of these seasons. Geometric mean titer fold increases of all three antigens in adult recipients were significantly lower than those in recipients who had not received a preceding vaccination. In contrast, in pediatric recipients, there were no significant differences between the groups who had and had not received preceding vaccinations. The number of patients with rejection did not differ significantly between the two groups (0/53 vs. 1/21) in the 2011–12 season. The incidence of influenza after vaccination was significantly different between adult and pediatric recipients (0/16 vs. 5/15 in 2010–11 and 0/53 vs. 3/21 in 2011–12, respectively). Overall, there were no significant differences in antibody responses between adult and pediatric groups. Influenza infection was more frequent in pediatric recipients. Long‐term response to preceding vaccinations appeared to be insufficient in both groups.
Pollen assemblage richness does not reflect regional plant species richness: a cautionary tale
Authors: Goring Simon , Lacourse Terri , Pellatt Marlow G. , Mathewes Rolf W.
Published: August 2013

Palaeoecological records of species richness spanning time intervals over which climate variables have shifted relative to one another can help reduce issues of colinearity that might affect our understanding of patterns of species richness.

Fossil pollen assemblages have the potential to serve as a proxy for past plant richness because they record the presence of plant taxa. However, pollen assemblages are typically limited by low taxonomic resolution and taphonomic processes (pollen production, transport, deposition and preservation), which may degrade the degree to which pollen accurately represents vegetation communities.

We combined pollen assemblages from modern lake sediments (n = 546; n = 167 in British Columbia, Canada) in the Pacific Northwest, with a detailed data base (n = 16 071) of plant presence across the province and a published record of gamma richness to test the accuracy of pollen assemblages as a proxy for regional patterns of plant richness.

A generalized linear model using plant richness resolved at multiple taxonomic levels suggests taxonomic differences between plant and pollen taxa may reduce the ability of pollen richness to predict plant richness at the site level, but that this relationship is still recoverable, albeit with broad confidence intervals.

Spatially explicit analysis using a generalized additive model shows that predicted plant richness has no relationship with raw pollen assemblage richness at all taxonomic levels.

The taxonomic composition of the region (i.e. the ratio of wind‐pollinated to insect‐pollinated species) and/or the morphological specificity of the dominant pollen types in the region may play a role in limiting the reconstruction of plant richness from pollen richness. Nonetheless, we believe this study is the first to empirically test the relationship between plant and pollen richness, and fails to find a significant relationship.

Synthesis. Palynological richness in itself cannot be considered a universally reliable proxy for inferring plant richness; however, broad spatial and temporal patterns of change in richness have been reported in the literature. Our findings suggest that more work is needed to understand previously reported patterns of pollen assemblage richness through time and in space. We suggest the use of functional diversity or phylogenetically based analysis may help link pollen richness to plant community richness.