bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online Learning and Heuristic Algorithms for 5G Cloud-RAN Load Balance
Authors: Moh Melody
Published: January 2019

The rapidly evolving 5G cellular system adapts cloud computing technology in its radio access networks (RAN), namely Cloud RAN or CRAN. CRAN enables better scalability, flexibility, and performance that allows 5G to provide connectivity for the vast volume of IoT devices. This chapter presents two major research results addressing the load balance (LB) problem in CRAN. First, the authors propose a generic online learning (GOL) system; GOL integrates reinforcement learning (RL) with deep learning method for an environment not fully visible, changing over time, while receiving feedbacks of fluctuating delays. Simulation results show that GOL successfully achieves the LB objectives of reducing both cache-misses and communication load. Next, they study eight practical LB based on real cellular network traffic characteristics provided by Nokia Research. Experiment results of these algorithms on queue-length analysis show that the simple, light-weight queue-based LB is almost as effectively as the much more complex waiting-time-based LB.
School Safety in Mamelodi
Authors: Bipath Keshni
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides an overview of the crisis surrounding school safety in South Africa in general and in Mamelodi East in particular. It outlines a case study of the context and crisis in primary schools there, laying bare the brutal truth of bullying, vandalism, and gangsterism in these schools. Research into senior primary, high, and primary schools led to an empirical investigation which included interviews with school principals. This confirmed a reality that is being ignored: the current education system is in fact creating more opportunities for violence, bullying, and impoverishment. While resources such as the National Safety Programme exist, their translation into real measures and interventions remains questionable. Amongst other interventions, a more relevant Afrocentric curriculum and training for teachers is recommended. All stakeholders in education, community, home, and industry need to be held responsible for this dire situation and to take collective action.
Developing a Culture of Nonviolence in Schools
Authors: Taole Matshidiso Joyce , Taukeni Simon George
Published: January 2019

Violence is a common occurrence in schools and poses a threat to education as a vehicle of economic development and economic freedom. The chapter aims at discussing factors that can promote the development of a culture of non-violence in schools. However, it is important that causes of violence in schools be understood before making suggestions on how to make schools safe for our children. There are numerous factors that contribute to school violence such as the curriculum, poverty, teachers, students' home life, the external environment of the school, and socio-economic factors. The authors argue that collaboration between different stakeholders is important if schools wish to reclaim their former glory of being centers of excellence and agents of social change. This chapter suggests that it is through education and empowering children, parents, teachers, and the community at large that we can achieve a culture of peace and non-violence in schools.
Non-Violent Teaching and Parenting of Young Children
Authors: Erbe Nancy D.
Published: January 2019

Non-violent child development builds a critical foundation for advancing sustainable peace in our troubled and conflicted world. First and foremost, a devoted commitment to non-violence, not only in rhetoric but in day to day action and living, prioritizes informed and responsible procreating of only wanted children with a family and societal vision for deeply integrated wellbeing. It begins a positive and productive cycle requiring societal protection of children, women, and all who are vulnerable from violence. Rather than introduce relevant literature and research separately from pragmatic tools, the chapter introduces scholarship to help explain field-tested skills and empower readers to immediately begin practicing what is advocated here.
Constructivist Approach for Creating a Non-Violent School Climate
Authors: Jančič Polona , Hus Vlasta
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, the authors present the use of a constructivist approach in the teaching process that encourages effective teaching processes and, as such, works as a preventive disciplinary measure for ensuring a non-violent school climate. The constructivist approach emphasizes students' active role in the education process as well as their capability of developing their own knowledge by themselves based on experience and previous knowledge. Teaching processes and tasks should be individualized for each student; therefore, all students have a chance to succeed since the tasks are adapted to their capacities. The constructivist approach is designed in such a way that, by the rational use of its principles, elements, and provided forms of work, the possibility of violent behavior is reduced to a minimum.
Leadership and Stakeholder Involvement in Creating a Non-Violent Early Childhood Development (ECD) School Environment in South Africa
Authors: Modise Matshediso Rebecca
Published: January 2019

This chapter seeks to consider strategies and means that early childhood development (ECD) leadership in South Africa can use to create a non-violent environment at ECD centers and in the foundation phase in primary schools. In South Africa, ECD is defined as a term indicating the procedures under which children from birth to nine years of age grow and flourish emotionally, morally, socially, physically, and spiritually. The chapter focuses on Pre-Grade 1 to Grade 3 environments. It also addresses the roles that relevant stakeholders can play in support of school leadership in the creation of a violent-free environment. The research is guided by Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. Since early childhood is a sensitive and impressionable stage in children's lives, a living, supportive atmosphere as well as an enabling social setting is essential to ensure their complete development. This requires the involvement of all stakeholders (school governing bodies), especially members of the schools' leadership teams in considering policy.
Economic Nationalism and International Business
Authors: Dau Luis Alfonso , Moore Elizabeth M. , Barreto Amílcar Antonio , Robson Maria A.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to illuminate the importance of the biases and motivating factors that have propelled economic nationalist movements across the globe. Too frequently scholars assume economic nationalism as a starting point to understand strategic choices. The authors argue that ethnic and racial biases, however, are an important antecedent to economic nationalism that transitively impact firm strategic processes such as internalization. Specifically, they suggest that ethnic and racial tensions that exist within and between governments and people add unique pressure structures to which firms respond. Through a case study of South Africa, the authors highlight the impact that these pressure structures have on firm-level strategic processes surrounding internalization.
The Impact of Economic Nationalism on MNEs From Smaller Developing Economies
Authors: Hipsher Scott A.
Published: January 2019

The chapter provides a conceptual framework for consideration for decision makers in firms from smaller developing economies during an era of increased economic nationalistic rhetoric in developed economies and shifting global trade patterns. Talking a longer term view, one might see this current level of political rhetoric as a continuation of the contest between globalization and free market ideology against viewpoints associated with mercantilism and other forms of economic nationalism. The impact of these trends on strategies of firms from developing economies within global value chains is explored. There are three basic strategic suggestions for firms from smaller developing countries which are interested in expanding internationally within the framework of operating within a global value chain.
Economic Nationalism and Globalization, Evidence From China (Belt and Road Initiative)
Authors: Liu Yang , Parenti Fabio Massimo
Published: January 2019

Nationalism can manifest itself in different forms. It is not only closing the door to the other nations (autarchic policies). On the contrary, sometimes it exhibits as crazy expansion, combining autarchy and imperialism. Economic nationalism presents contradictions. Nowadays, in front of the experience of globalization, driven by the so-called “Washington consensus,” we do witness new projects coming from the PRC. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), formerly known as One Belt One Road (OBOR), is the most important economic policy for China in the 21st century and represents at the same time a new idea of globalization, based on cooperation instead of a sharp competition. On the other hand, countries located in and around this area have their own views regarding this program, positive and negative. This chapter attempts to provide a deep understanding of the economic nationalism concern through the BRI program.
Developing Institutions for the New Space Race
Authors: Dau Luis Alfonso , Moore Elizabeth M. , Figgins James Arie , Martínez-Rincón Julián
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the dynamic of the major actors in today's new space race. The initial space race featured nation-states as the primary actors. However, the current space race has undergone privatization and now features corporations as additional key players, along with developing nations. The result is the semi-private commoditization of a public good that crosses through different hemispheres, as well as competition between actors from both the firm and state level. Building on world systems theory and institutional theory, this chapter argues that the privatization of space exploration mandates the construction of inter-hemispheric institutional frameworks that apply globally. A descriptive case study that juxtaposes India and SpaceX offers foundational insight into how inter-hemispheric institutions are created. Given the challenging parity between state sovereignty and global consensus and its influence on firm behavior, this chapter proposes an exploratory examination of the processes and strategic choices behind inter-hemispherization to incite future scholarship.
Implications of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) on the Economy of African States
Authors: Assay Benjamin Enahoro
Published: January 2019

The failure of some African Union member-nations including Nigeria to endorse the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) that would create one of the largest free trade areas in the world has provoked a lot of controversies that are yet to be resolved. While some of the relevant stakeholders in the countries that have refused to sign the treaty are urging the heads of their countries' governments to withhold assent until when all the contending issues regarding the AfCFTA are amicably settled, others desire to have the agreement signed in order to harness its benefits for the continent. As the controversies rage, it appears that the implementation of the much awaited agreement has been put on hold, thus thwarting the progress of the continent. This chapter therefore wades through the controversies and points the way ahead for the AfCFTA to be acceptable by all.
Implications of the European Union (EU)-African, Caribbean, and Pacific Partnership Agreements on Economic Nationalism
Authors: Kurebwa Jeffrey , Yikoniko Shamiso
Published: January 2019

This chapter seeks to understand the EU-ACP trade relations under the economic partnership agreement (EPA) arrangement and its implications on economic nationalism of developing nations with specific reference to Zimbabwe. The research strongly leans on the view that EPAs have little or no economic benefit to the ACP. Even though the EU tagged the ensuing trade relationship with the ACP as partnership, in the real sense, it is more of paternalism. This is especially so as the EU dictates the terms and the pace of the negotiation, owns the incentives (in the form of aid and technical assistance), and either dispenses or withdraws it at will, depending on the “behavior” of the ACP countries. In order to benefit from EPAs, ACP countries must fund their own economies. ACP states should also address internal political challenges before committing to multiple economic fronts such as the EPAs.
USA Economic Nationalism and the Second-Hand Clothes Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Opati Thaisaiyi Zephania
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the effects of USA economic nationalism in the second-hand clothing (SHC) industry within Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). The SHC industry creates an estimated 355,000 jobs in the EAC, which predictably generates incomes of US$230 million that supports an estimated 1.4 million people. The chapter looks at attempts by Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria, Zambia, and Rwanda, among other Sub-Saharan to curtail SHC to protect their infant or struggling textile industry through subtle economic nationalism policies. It then examines the repercussions of having Rwanda implementing the ban from US market. The study inspects why the Trump-led administration feels that the SHC industry is important to the US. Undeniably, the chapter will put forward a case for banning of SHC and why it is gaining notoriety in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. The chapter finally advises what managers ought to do in the wake of economic nationalism and American only policy in Africa.
Volunteered Geographic Service
Authors: Gentili Monica , Waters Nigel , Tubbsum Muhammad Iqbal , Nicholas Dennis E.
Published: January 2019

A lack of transportation services for the increasing number of senior citizens in Calgary presents a challenge for planners and decision makers alike. Transportation services offered by Access Calgary, Calgary Transit, and volunteers are unable to meet the current needs of this growing segment of society. Difficulties accessing transportation services mean that many seniors find it challenging to meet such basic needs as grocery shopping, or to visit libraries, parks, fitness, and recreation centers, or to attend medical appointments. This research focused on providing a unique alternative transportation service that would be acceptable and accessible for seniors in Calgary by integrating GIS and OR methods as a planning tool for a senior shuttle service provided by the Calgary Motor Dealers Association (CMDA).
School Bus Routing and Student Assignment With Special-Need Student Consideration
Authors: Zhang Di , Bae Ki-Hwan G.
Published: January 2019

This chapter presents a modeling framework that solves a student assignment problem with bus stop selection, and subsequently a school bus routing problem with school time window constraints. The model incorporates the characteristics of special-need and general student population, and provides a school bus service schedule to transport both types of students. The student assignment model selects the number of optimal bus stops from available locations, and measures total student walking distance as part of service quality measure. The routing model includes a multi-objective function regarding service equity and quality that is of interest to decision makers. The authors demonstrate the efficacy of heuristic methods and a column generation technique implemented to solve the problems using real data from a suburban school district of a major U.S. city.
Geographic Disparity in the United States Heart Allocation System
Authors: Karami Fatemeh , Nayebpour Mehdi , Gentili Monica , Koizumi Naoru , Rivard Andrew
Published: January 2019

Organ allocation for transplantation across the United States is administered by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). UNOS recently approved a major policy change of the system used to allocate hearts for adult transplant candidates. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of the new policy on geographic disparity measured by four performance indicators (waiting time before a transplant, transplant rate, pre-transplant mortality rate, and average distance traveled by donated hearts). The current policy and the new policy were evaluated using the thoracic simulation allocation model. The results show that the new policy improves the median waiting time, transplant rate, and pre-transplant mortality rate. The overall predicted improvement in geographic equity is modest except in terms of waiting time. The findings highlight the need for a targeted approach for donor heart allocation to achieve equal access to heart transplantation in the US.
Effect of Migration Fear on Sectors
Authors: Kamışlı Melik
Published: January 2019

The principle aim of this chapter is to determine the different dimensions of the relationship between migration fear index and stock market sectors indices of basic materials, financials, healthcare, industrials, and technology for Germany, France, and the UK. Towards this aim the relationship between the aforementioned indices are tested using traditional methods in addition to Bayer and Hanck combined cointegration test and Yılancı and Bozoklu time-varying asymmetric causality test. Analysis revealed that Germany financials, France technology, and the UK healthcare sector indices have long-term relationships with migration fear indices. Another important finding is that each country's basic materials sector index is not cointegrated with fear indices. Findings also indicate that each country's sector indices are asymmetrically affected by political developments like immigration legislation and regional events like the Arab Spring and the European refugee crisis.
Shapley-Based Analysis of the Leadership Formation in Social Networks
Authors: Belik Ivan
Published: January 2019

The dynamic nature of networks formation requires the development of multidisciplinary methods for the effective social network analysis. The research presented in this chapter is motivated by the necessity to overcome the limitation of using analytical methods from the originally disconnected research domains. Hence, the authors present an approach based on techniques from different areas, such as graph theory, theory of algorithms, and game theory. Specifically, this chapter is based on the analysis of how an agent can move towards leadership in real-life socioeconomic networks. For the agent's importance measure, the authors employed a Shapley value concept from the area of cooperative games. Shapley value is interpreted as the node centrality that corresponds to the significance of the agent within a socioeconomic network. Employing game theoretic concept, the authors introduced an algorithmic approach that detects the potential connectivity modifications required to increase an agent's leadership position.
The New Framework for the Compulsory Publication of Sustainability Reports
Authors: Karaiskos Dionysios E. , Evangelinos Konstantinos I. , Vouros Panagiotis , Nikolaou Ioannis E.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines how the changes from voluntary to mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting influence the quantity and quality of disclosed CSR information. Furthermore, it examines the adaptation level for CSR reports in relation to the requirements of the regulatory regime. To do so, a research agenda is designed through the relative literature in order to make clear the challenges and barriers of the changes of the CSR reporting regime as well as a framework is developed to evaluate the progress of CSR reports within the new regime. This research is based on a scoring and benchmarking methodology which is tested in a sample of 23 Greek firms which systematically publish CSR reports the last five years. It is worth noting that a mandatory regime from CSR reporting has been lately introduced in Greece by integrating into Greek Law (4403/2016) the European Union Directive 2014/95/EU which requires Greek firms with over 10 employees to publish CSR reports on a mandatory basis.
Contemporary Environmental CSR Strategies in the Banking Sector
Authors: Riskos Kyriakos , Dekoulou Paraskevi , Tsourvakas George
Published: January 2019

The chapter explores how a financial institution can effectively implement environmental CSR strategies that contribute to the wellbeing and sustainable development of the global community. In particular, the case of Piraeus Bank, a leading player of the banking sector in Greece, has been extensively analyzed. The analysis demonstrates that by immediately and effectively responding to environmental and other social issues, Piraeus Bank is fully aware of the imperative need for an organization to integrate CSR notion in its strategy and business activity.
Social Responsibility in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Georgaki Katerina Odyssea , Anastasiou Andri
Published: January 2019

Higher education institutions and universities represent a vital part of any society and are continuously faced with numerous new environmental and social challenges. Universities are moving toward corporatization, which calls for them to be good corporate citizens. In order to meet the expectations of the stakeholders, they need to adopt a social responsibility strategy just like other organizations. This chapter discusses how universities could achieve development, sustainability, and competitiveness through applying university social responsibility (USR). It presents a case study of USR, namely UNIC Mentor Youth Guidance Programme applied by the University of Nicosia in Cyprus. The initiative connects university students to at-risk youth, so that they act as agents of social change and mentors. The chapter describes the benefits, long-term effects, and impact of this particular USR activity, both for the organization itself and the various stakeholders.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Performance in the State of Qatar
Authors: Awwad Abdulkareem , Suliman Abubakr
Published: January 2019

This chapter aims to examines the situation, facts, and challenges of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social performance (CSP) in the State of Qatar. Some theories related to both constructs are presented and discussed. In addition, the chapter analyzes the role of different formal and informal CSR organizations' initiatives in raising the awareness about the importance of managing the social side of the business. Highlighting some active efforts to improve CSR in the country, the study concludes that the idea of managing the social side of business is still in its formation stage. Some more initiatives are needed to bring it up to the level that serve the realization of the national vision of the country 2030. The chapter concludes with some discussion on how managers perceive CSR and whether it aligns well with business objectives or no. Some guidelines to future studies and research in the field of CSR and CSP are also presented in the study.
Keystroke Dynamics in E-Learning
Authors: Sundararajan Radha
Published: January 2019

Enhanced authentication is the need of the hour in today's technology. Commonly used login and password are not enough as they may be guessed by imposters. Most of the websites adopt the traditional authentication as login and password. But they don't verify whether the same person is accessing their information continuously in the current session. This is of great concern in distance-based e-learning systems. The institutes offering the e-courses must verify whether it is the same student who enrolled, is accessing their materials, doing the assignments themselves, and completing the examination without any cheating. In this case, one of the techniques, behavioral biometrics-keystroke dynamics, plays a very important role. Along with other authentication methods, keystroke dynamics can be combined to provide a more secured system for the students in e-learning environments. In this chapter, the basics of keystroke dynamics and some of the applications that use them are discussed.
An Enhanced Integration of Voice-, Face-, and Signature-Based Authentication System for Learning Content Management System
Authors: Goyal Mukta , Krishnamurthi Rajalakshmi
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores a novel learning content management system. This chapter presents a novel system based on integration of voice authentication, face recognition technique, and signature of a person to recognize in e-learning system. Voice-based authentication, face recognition, and signature of a person is most widely used to authenticate human identity. The main concern in an e-learning system is to demotivate unknown users from taking the examination in place of the learner. Different techniques have been introduced to stop this fraud if any unknown person wants to imitate person's identity. In order to avoid the fraudulent handling of e-learning systems, the authentication based on voice recognition is discussed as one of the efficient techniques in literature.
A Framework for Improving the Accuracy of Keystroke Dynamics-Based Biometric Authentication Using Soft Computing Techniques
Authors: Shanmugapriya D.  , Ganapathi Padmavathi
Published: January 2019

The global access of information and resources from anywhere has increased the chance of intrusion and hacking of confidential data. Username with password is the commonly used authentication mechanism which is used for almost all online applications from net banking to online examinations. However, advanced safeguard mechanisms are sought against unauthorized access as the passwords can be hacked easily. To strengthen the password, it can be combined with biometric technology. Keystroke biometrics, a strong behavioral biometric, can be considered as a secure method compared to other methods even if the imposter knows the username and password as it is based on user habitual typing rhythm patterns. For any online application the accuracy level plays a vital role. But the accuracy of keystroke authentication when compared with other biometric authentication mechanisms is low. To improve the accuracy and minimize the training and testing time, this chapter proposes a wrapper-based classification using PSO-ELM-ANP algorithm which gives 99.92% accuracy.
Biometric Authentication Techniques in Online Learning Environments
Authors: Curran Jack , Curran Kevin
Published: January 2019

The deployment of online e-learning can lead to many security risks, such as confidentiality loss, exposure of critical data, availability and destruction of publicly available information services. Security and proper authentication is critical in any online learning environment because any flaws can affect perceptions of its trustworthiness. Biometric authentication is increasingly being used in the newer generation of online learning environments for authentication of remote learners. Biometrics scan unique physiological characteristics in humans to identify people. These include fingerprints, iris, retina, voice, face, gait, and odor. The authors look at the state of biometric authentication techniques applicable to online learning environments and provide a more in-depth examination of face- and iris-based authentication systems for proper identification of learners.
Employee Engagement as a Contemporary Issue in HRM
Authors: Singh Yuvika
Published: January 2019

For the past few years, employee engagement has become an important concern in the corporate world. Products and processes alone cannot help the organizations to survive in the market. They also need highly motivated and completely involved employees who are very passionate about their task and their organizational goals; in short, they need “engaged employees.” But, retaining the engaged employees requires a lot of effort and skill on the part of HR heads. Employee engagement cannot be considered as an easy intervention in improving the commitment towards job, motivation, or productivity. This chapter will throw light on how employee engagement can be increased. This chapter also tries to identify the main drivers of employee engagement, its various attributes together with new ways to measure it, how to handle disengaged employees, and new engagement practices in the corporate world. In this chapter, the modern employee engagement activities being practiced by the corporate world in the Indian context will be discussed.
Do Organizations Really Gain Without Pain?
Authors: Erden Nil Selenay
Published: January 2019

The positive psychology movement involves putting an emphasis on investigating positive qualities of individuals. The movement has also affected work psychology domain. One of the most outstanding topics in the work psychology domain has been work engagement. Work engagement, defined as a positive state of mind, characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption, has been studied in relation to individual resources and performance indicators. Primary objective of this chapter is to provide assumptions on the dark side of work engagement. In this respect, the dark side of employee engagement, which has not received great attention in the literature, will be discussed in order to inspire a more balanced focus for future studies and organizational settings. The recommendation section includes avenues for future studies and suggestions for gatekeepers/managers.
A Systematic Review of the Correlates and Outcomes of Employee Engagement
Authors: Yaslioglu Duygu Toplu
Published: January 2019

Engagement is a concept that is hard to define and easy to realize. Engagement is motivational, and this motivation helps individuals to allocate their resources for their job performance and use those resources intensively and consistently. So, one can say that employee engagement should have been correlated with some variables related with work and organization. In the academic literature, engagement is a relatively high focused area, and it is said to be related to but distinct from other constructs in organizational behavior. Engagement's casual and correlational relationships with the various concepts such as burnout, job demands and resources, organizational commitment, job involvement, workaholism, job satisfaction, for example, are much researched. However, researches indicate different results. This chapter aims to systematically review the aforementioned concepts relationship to engagement and eventually put forward, if any, conflicts and resemblances among previous researches.
Drivers of Employee Engagement and Engagement Value Proposition
Authors: Pandita Deepika
Published: January 2019

This chapter will focus on the drivers of employee engagement and will define the engagement proposition for the employees in the organization. It is important for the human resource systems in companies to be effectively clubbed with new processes to make employee engagement an end-to-end practice. Employers know that engaged employees are more productive, and therefore, every organization needs to analyze the drivers of employee engagement. There are many drivers to employee engagement. This chapter will discuss a few engagement drivers, namely meaningful work, workplace environment, and recognition.
Crafting Engaged Employees Through Positive Work Environment
Authors: Chakraborty Tanusree , Ganguly Madhurima
Published: January 2019

The chapter focuses on the positive aspects of the work environment and attempts to throw light on how in organizations different perspectives of positive work, positive social connections, positive culture leads with a more satisfying work environment and engaged employees. Beginning with an understanding of the definitions of employee engagement, the chapter takes the reader through the pillars of positive work environment, through the significance of fulfilling relationships at work, leading to greater employee engagement, importance of hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism (HERO), and communication in enhancing employee engagement and to a greater organizational oeuvre. The chapter has tried to cogitate that a culture of employee engagement can be built, and it should be fabricated through the tenacious efforts of managers and leaders in the organization. Thus, the chapter highlights that employee engagement should in itself become the culture of any organization, and the role of positive work environment towards building this culture is indispensable.
Burnout and Stressors as Influencers on Work Engagement Among Law Enforcement Agents in Selected Cities
Authors: Joshi Mihir
Published: January 2019

Burnout is an underlying issue that has an adverse effect on the working enthusiasm of the employees. In this chapter, the researcher has attempted to assess the influence of stressors on burnout and work engagement in the context of the Indian law enforcement agents. The study evaluates the correlations between burnout factors—emotional exhaustion, cynicism, low professional efficacy—with vigor, dedication, and absorption. For the purpose of this study, items from MBI-GS for assessing burnout, scale for stressors, and employee engagement are adapted. The construct of the scale developed was established using confirmatory factor analysis. The study was carried out for 145 law enforcement agents in the selected cities of a North Indian state. T-test results applied on stressors between male and female groups show varying results. A significant negative effect of burnout factors on work engagement factors is observed through the empirical examination using SEM AMOS.
Crypto-Currency
Authors: Iqbal S. , Hussain Muzammil , Munir Muhammad Umar , Hussain Zunair , Mehrban Sobia , Ashraf Muhammad Adeel , Ayubi Salah-u-din
Published: January 2019

This chapter sheds light on the future of crypto-currencies in the world as they have become a major part of trading and are now being adopted by leading investment firms as a new way of buying and selling. Despite the substantial security risk in crypto-currency trading, it has become the most traded commodity. Many new crypto-currencies are being introduced that attract investors. Banking institutions in USA and other leading countries have started to take part in investments in crypto-currency as it has revolutionized financial technology.
Emergence of Insurance Technologies (InsurTech)
Authors: Yıldırım İsmail
Published: January 2019

Technology advances at an incredible rate all around the globe. Financial technologies (FinTech) are defined as production of services that combine financial services and technology. A subdimension of FinTech, insurance technologies (InsurTech) is a system built with the purpose of creating solutions for the insurance sector using a technological approach. Making it easier for the insurance companies and the insured to manage their contracts, minimizing the risks involved, and allowing for the development of innovative technologies, InsurTech is simply the technology of insurance business. For the policy owners, these technologies bring with them the benefit of cost-effective policy solutions. This chapter focuses on the possible impact of insurance technologies on the insurance sector. Explored in this study are the estimated transformation of the insurance sector with insurance technologies and the problems likely to occur as a consequence.
Volatility Estimation in the Era of High-Frequency Finance
Authors: Yan Sibo , Yan Da
Published: January 2019

Over the last two decades, ultra-high frequency (or tick-by-tick) transaction data has become increasingly available. This surge of high-frequency finance data has brought disruptive revolution that makes modeling asset prices as continuous-time processes more possible than ever before. This is because we can now witness market microstructures and stock market volatility over tiny time intervals. This chapter reviews some general frameworks like realized volatility (RV) in estimating the latent volatility and their recent developments in the era of high-frequency finance. New empirical facts are presented to help lay the foundation for creating intraday volatility models that can overcome noise interferences in high-frequency finance data. These facts also help explain some stock market anomalies like volatility jumps and flash crashes, which favor intraday RV over the traditionally used daily RV as a reliable physical measure of market risk.
Blockchain for Islamic Financial Services Institutions
Authors: Zaka Fatima , Shaikh Shazib Ehsan
Published: January 2019

By enabling better traceability of funds against specific assets, technologies should appeal to a significant segment of the lending market – one that is religiously conscientious. Such Islamic FinTechs should therefore be disruptive for the existing regime of Islamic financial services institutions who have problems managing credit risk and compliance. Islamic financial instruments are no stranger to controversy. It emerged from the scandals that gaining investor confidence for Islamic financial instruments such as the Sukuk, which is the Islamic alternative to bonds and securities, investors demand more transparency in Sukuk to make sure they are Shariah-compliant, thus making traceability to assets a special hindrance to current schemes of Sukuk. In this chapter, the authors will discuss how technology could be disruptive in Islamic banking and finance sector keeping Sukuk as a case. The authors will further elaborate on it by discussing the proposed model of blockchain that could solve the issue of traceability which could also boost investor confidence in Sukuk.
The Coming Human/Machine Symbiosis, Effects on Society, and Business Planning
Authors: Riley John Thomas
Published: January 2019

Although the future of society is hazy, a workable vision of the future can be developed from existing computer modeling of key parameters like population and sea level. This vision is referred to in this chapter as the driven future. The future of humans and artificial intelligence (AI) is then reconsidered from within the context of this driven future. Specific examples of how AIs might be utilized to address real human problems in this future are developed. The modifications to the way humans and AIs interact to facilitate addressing major problems is then discussed, including the human/machine symbiosis and the application of corporate persons directly to AIs.
System Dynamics Modeling for Public Health Bed Capacity Planning
Authors: Şenaras Arzu Eren
Published: January 2019

The system dynamics approach was developed by Jay Forrester from MIT during 1950s to analyze the complex behavior in administration with computer simulation in social sciences. System dynamics is a form of the systems approach as a methodology to understand the dynamic behavior of complex systems. The basis of system dynamics is to understand how system structures cause system behavior and system events. This chapter aims to develop a system dynamic model. System dynamics approach was adopted to build a bed capacity management model using a software package, Vensim.
Orientism Management Strategy for Training Policy-Makers in Emergency Decision-Making
Authors: dall'Acqua Luisa
Published: January 2019

Policy-making is asked to define criteria and decisional support to respond to emergencies and a complex mix of social, environmental, economic, and cultural problems. Politics, especially at the highest levels, requires preparing professionals able to manage the opportunities offered by new technologies in the context of security and management. Risk analysis is an increasingly urgent necessity and challenge. Research data needs to be packaged into effective policy tools that will help policy-makers make an evidence-informed policy. The objective of this chapter is to offer a framework of analysis (Orientism Management OM Framework) useful for training policy-makers to develop a multi-perspective informed policy. It intends orienting the variety of backgrounds, interests, knowledge, skills, and the whole personality of the trainees, individually or within a work team.
Risk and Benefit of Effective Techniques and Technologies in Education
Authors: Nardi Maria Luisa
Published: January 2019

Technological innovation is increasingly penetrating the world, and its implementation has the potential to bring a change in the learning organization and pedagogical approach; therefore, it is vital to understand where technology can alleviate problems and not be a hindrance or a gadget. Change factors in the knowledge dynamic today are on the one hand the passage from individual knowledge to global knowledge, with multi-user connections, but without losing the subjective prospective, and on the other hand, the passage from a received multimediality (such as television and cinema) to an interactive multimediality (such as videogames or virtual reality), to a built multimediality (such as socialnetworking knowledge management tool), up to a reflective multimediality (dynamic, intelligent, and semantic UI). This chapter has the purpose to describe possible benefits or risks, barriers or precautions, using effective technologies in education, resulting from the long history of aware applications.
Measuring Consumer Behavior Using Neuroscience Methods in Marketing
Authors: Bulley Cynthia A. , Brobbey Veronica Adu , Duodu Esther O.
Published: January 2019

Neuromarketing is providing the leverage for marketers to delve into consumers' subconscious minds to determine behavior. Marketers, economists, and other consumer-related disciplines are looking to science to accurately determine consumer behavior. The purpose of this chapter is to provide insight into a burgeoning field of study, neuromarketing, documenting various research studies and applications of mechanisms in determining brain activities and other uses of science to benefit marketing research. Data for the study is derived from impartial cross-referencing of conceptual and empirical articles published in major journals. The application of neuroimaging technique in research have provided marketers with concrete evidence of brain activation that signal increased activities during stimulation. Further, the implication and causes of concern in using neuroscience methods in marketing are highlighted. Developing country studies on neuromarketing are examined to determine its application and use as a marketing research tool.
Regulatory Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa and Marketing Malpractices of “Big” Tobacco
Authors: Madichie Nnamdi O. , Opute Promise A.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the implications of the marketing activities undertaken by tobacco companies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and especially as it pertains to vulnerable groups such as children. Using illustrative cases of two SSA countries—notably Malawi and Nigeria—with disparate economic sizes but nonetheless critical for the discussion in question. Consequently, the chapter posits that the marketing practices of tobacco giants (i.e., Big Tobacco), exploiting the weak regulatory environment in SSA, is worthy of scholarly and policy attention. The chapter focuses primarily on the promotion element of the traditional marketing-mix (which also includes the production and its packaging and branding attributes, pricing strategies, and distribution/place elements) as well as the public policy implications of these four Ps. It also touches upon some of the institutional elements that handicaps governments from undertaking necessary corrective measures/action such as in the case of Malawi where tobacco accounts for a substantial part of the GDP.
Toward a Post-Narratology or the Narratology of Narrative Generation
Authors: Ogata Takashi
Published: January 2019

This new enhanced book, which includes this chapter, explores new possibilities and directions of narrative-related technologies and theories, as well as their implications for the innovative design, development, and creation of future media and contents such as automatic narrative generation systems; this exploration is carried out through interdisciplinary approaches to narratology that are dependent on computational and cognitive studies (i.e., computational and cognitive approaches to narratology). Concurrently, this book refers to “computational and cognitive approaches to narratology” as “post-narratology” to reflect its exploration of a new narratology. This chapter presents the concept of post-narratology and, in particular, describes “the narratology of narrative generation,” which is an approach to the author's post-narratology. In particular, this chapter demonstrates an attempt toward post-narratology, post-narratological survey, and the narrative generation modeling, as well as a comparative discussion on previous approaches to narratology and post-narratology.
The Possibility of the Generation of Literary Works by Abduction
Authors: Abe Akinori
Published: January 2019

This chapter will show the possibility of literary-work (poems, stories, novels, etc.) generation. First, the author introduces the research field, language-sense processing engineering (LSE). The key concept in LSE is language sense. The author defines “language sense” as affective or psychological aspects of language, to analyze and show several types of literary-work generation. For instance, the author analyzes the emotional and technical part of waka generation to generate new waka (Japanese poems). One feature that can be used for literary-work generation is “intertextuality” proposed by J. Kristeva. Below, the possibility of the automatic literary-work generation will be shown using a strategy to generate waka. In addition, several strategies to generate literary works will be shown to illustrate the possibility of automatic literary-work generation. In addition, the author will show the possibility of literary-work generation by abduction, which is rather intelligent generation.
Kabuki as Multiple Narrative Structures and Narrative Generation
Authors: Ogata Takashi
Published: January 2019

This chapter undertakes a comprehensive survey and analysis of kabuki, aiming to explore a narrative generation-reception and a narrative production-consumption model of kabuki from the viewpoint of an information system and, in particular, a narrative generation system. A fundamental concept of the modeling is “multiplicity,” or multiple narrative structures. In addition, the author associates this model with the concept of the Geinō Information System (GIS), representing a system model in which multiple narrative generations and production mechanisms or processes are included. This chapter presents introductory knowledge on kabuki, including history and basic terms, as background for the discussion. In addition, this chapter shows the results of concrete analyses of kabuki's elements, including “person,” “story,” “tsukushi,” and “naimaze.”
Past, Non-Story Narrative Film, and Nostalgia
Authors: Kanai Akihito
Published: January 2019

Nostalgia effects are essential for cognition about the past. Also, film has a closer relationship with the past. Nostalgia-based film rhetoric composition can broaden the potential for narrative generation, especially from the perspective of non-story narratives, without using the story grammar and characters' goal-directed actions that were the central focus in previous studies. In this chapter, the film cognitive effects related to re-defining nostalgia through cutting techniques and defamiliarization of narrative rhetoric are particularly analyzed. Using a cognitive and computational model, the rhetoric of the film is classified into four kinds of nostalgia including non-nostalgia and analyzed in particular from the cognitive process perspective as it related to non-story and nostalgia. Next, a computerized classification is used to compose rhetoric and generate films for various kinds of nostalgia. The generated films revealed both the narrow story and broad non-story aspects of the rhetoric, narrative, and cognition of the past and the film.