bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microfluidics for Artificial Life: Techniques for Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology
Authors: Supramaniam Pashiini , Ces Oscar , Salehi-Reyhani Ali
Published: May 2019

Synthetic biology is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary branch of science that exploits the advancement of molecular and cellular biology. Conventional modification of pre-existing cells is referred to as the top-down approach. Bottom-up synthetic biology is an emerging complementary branch that seeks to construct artificial cells from natural or synthetic components. One of the aims in bottom-up synthetic biology is to construct or mimic the complex pathways present in living cells. The recent, and rapidly growing, application of microfluidics in the field is driven by the central tenet of the bottom-up approach—the pursuit of controllably generating artificial cells with precisely defined parameters, in terms of molecular and geometrical composition. In this review we survey conventional methods of artificial cell synthesis and their limitations. We proceed to show how microfluidic approaches have been pivotal in overcoming these limitations and ushering in a new generation of complexity that may be imbued in artificial cells and the milieu of applications that result.
Effect of Permissive Underfeeding with Intensive Insulin Therapy on MCP-1, sICAM-1, and TF in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Aljada Ahmad , AlGwaiz Ghada Fahad , AlAyadhi Demah , Masuadi Emad , Zahra Mahmoud , Al-Matar Shahad H. , Al-Bawab Ahmad , Tamimi Waleed , Jawdat Dunia , Al-Dawood Abdulaziz , Sakkijha Maram H. , Sadat Musharaf , Arabi Yaseen M.
Published: May 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effect of permissive underfeeding compared to target feeding and intensive insulin therapy (IIT) compared to conventional insulin therapy (CIT) on the inflammatory mediators monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and tissue factor (TF) in critically ill patients. Methodology: This was a substudy of a 2 × 2 factorial design randomized controlled trial in which intensive care unit (ICU) patients were randomized into permissive underfeeding compared to target feeding groups and into IIT compared to CIT groups (ISRCTN96294863). In this substudy, we included 91 patients with almost equal numbers across randomization groups. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at days 3, 5, and 7 of an ICU stay. Linear mixed models were used to assess the differences in MCP-1, sICAM-1, and TF across randomization groups over time. Results: Baseline characteristics were balanced across randomization groups. Daily caloric intake was significantly higher in the target feeding than in the permissive underfeeding groups (P-value < 0.01), and the daily insulin dose was significantly higher in the IIT than in the CIT groups (P-value < 0.01). MCP-1, sICAM-1, and TF did not show any significant difference between the randomization groups, while there was a time effect for MCP-1. Baseline sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score and platelets had a significant effect on sICAM-1 (P-value < 0.01). For TF, there was a significant association with age (P-value < 0.01). Conclusions: Although it has been previously demonstrated that insulin inhibits MCP-1, sICAM-1 in critically ill patients, and TF in non-critically ill patients, our study demonstrated that IIT in critically ill patients did not affect these inflammatory mediators. Similarly, caloric intake had a negligible effect on the inflammatory mediators studied.
Associations of Nutrient Patterns with the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Baseline Data of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study
Authors: Iwasaki Yuki , Arisawa Kokichi , Katsuura-Kamano Sakurako , Uemura Hirokazu , Tsukamoto Mineko , Kadomatsu Yuka , Okada Rieko , Hishida Asahi , Tanaka Keitaro , Hara Megumi , Takezaki Toshiro , Shimatani Keiichi , Ozaki Etsuko , Koyama Teruhide , Suzuki Sadao , Nakagawa-Senda Hiroko , Kuriki Kiyonori , Miyagawa Naoko , Kadota Aya , Ikezaki Hiroaki , Furusyo Norihiro , Oze Isao , Ito Hidemi , Mikami Haruo , Nakamura Yohko , Wakai Kenji
Published: May 2019

The association between nutrient patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been examined in a Japanese population. A cross-sectional study was performed on 30,108 participants (aged 35–69 years) in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Dietary intake was assessed using a 46-item food frequency questionnaire. MetS was diagnosed according to the Joint Interim Statement Criteria of 2009, using body mass index instead of waist circumference. Factor analysis was applied to energy-adjusted intake of 21 nutrients, and three nutrient patterns were extracted: Factor 1 (fiber, potassium and vitamins pattern); Factor 2 (fats and fat-soluble vitamins pattern); and Factor 3 (saturated fatty acids, calcium and vitamin B2 pattern). In multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for sex, age, and other potential confounders, Factor 1 scores were associated with a significantly reduced odds ratio (OR) of MetS and all five components. Factor 2 scores were associated with significantly increased prevalence of MetS, obesity, and high blood pressure. Factor 3 scores were significantly associated with lower OR of MetS, high blood pressure, high serum triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol levels. Analysis of nutrient patterns may be useful to assess the overall quality of diet and its association with MetS.
Transcriptional Regulation of the Equol Biosynthesis Gene Cluster in Adlercreutzia equolifaciens DSM19450T
Authors: Flórez Ana Belén , Vázquez Lucía , Rodríguez Javier , Redruello Begoña , Mayo Baltasar
Published: May 2019

Given the emerging evidence of equol’s benefit to human health, understanding its synthesis and regulation in equol-producing bacteria is of paramount importance. Adlercreutzia equolifaciens DSM19450T is a human intestinal bacterium—for which the whole genome sequence is publicly available—that produces equol from the daidzein isoflavone. In the present work, daidzein (between 50 to 200 μM) was completely metabolized by cultures of A. equolifaciens DSM19450T after 10 h of incubation. However, only about one third of the added isoflavone was transformed into dihydrodaidzein and then into equol. Transcriptional analysis of the ORFs and intergenic regions of the bacterium’s equol gene cluster was therefore undertaken using RT-PCR and RT-qPCR techniques with the aim of identifying the genetic elements of equol biosynthesis and its regulation mechanisms. Compared to controls cultured without daidzein, the expression of all 13 contiguous genes in the equol cluster was enhanced in the presence of the isoflavone. Depending on the gene and the amount of daidzein in the medium, overexpression varied from 0.5- to about 4-log10 units. Four expression patterns of transcription were identified involving genes within the cluster. The genes dzr, ddr and tdr, which code for daidzein reductase, dihydrodaidzein reductase and tetrahydrodaidzein reductase respectively, and which have been shown involved in equol biosynthesis, were among the most strongly expressed genes in the cluster. These expression patterns correlated with the location of four putative ρ-independent terminator sequences in the cluster. All the intergenic regions were amplified by RT-PCR, indicating the operon to be transcribed as a single RNA molecule. These findings provide new knowledge on the metabolic transformation of daidzein into equol by A. equolifaciens DSM19450T, which might help in efforts to increase the endogenous formation of this compound and/or its biotechnological production.
The Complexity of Food Provisioning Decisions by Māori Caregivers to Ensure the Happiness and Health of Their Children
Authors: Glover Marewa , Wong Sally F. , Taylor Rachael W. , Derraik José G. B. , Fa’alili-Fidow Jacinta , Morton Susan M. , Cutfield Wayne S.
Published: May 2019

Obesity in children is a global health concern. In New Zealand, one in three school entrant children are overweight or obese. Māori, the indigenous people, are disproportionately represented among the lowest economic group and have a disproportionately high incidence of obesity. This study explored Māori parents’ and caregivers’ views of the relative importance of weight to health, and the facilitators and barriers to a healthy weight in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Using a grounded qualitative method, in-depth information was collected in focus groups with mostly urban parents and other caregivers. A general inductive thematic analysis (content driven) was used. Insufficient money was an overriding food provisioning factor, but cost interacted with the lack of time, the number of people to feed, their appetites, and allergies. Other factors included ideologies about healthy food, cultural values relating to food selection, serving, and eating, nutrition literacy, availability of food, cooking skills, and lack of help. Childhood obesity was not a priority concern for participants, though they supported interventions providing education on how to grow vegetables, how to plan and cook cheaper meals. Holistic interventions to reduce the negative effects of the economic and social determinants on child health more broadly were recommended.
A Preterm Rat Model for Immunonutritional Studies
Authors: Grases-Pintó Blanca , Torres-Castro Paulina , Abril-Gil Mar , Castell Margarida , Rodríguez-Lagunas María J. , Pérez-Cano Francisco J. , Franch Àngels
Published: May 2019

Neonates are born with an immature immune system, which develops during the first stages of life. This early immaturity is more acute in preterm newborns. The aim of the present study was to set up a preterm rat model, in which representative biomarkers of innate and adaptive immunity maturation that could be promoted by certain dietary interventions are established. Throughout the study, the body weight was registered. To evaluate the functionality of the intestinal epithelial barrier, in vivo permeability to dextrans was measured and a histomorphometric study was performed. Furthermore, the blood cell count, phagocytic activity of blood leukocytes and plasmatic immunoglobulins (Ig) were determined. Preterm rats showed lower erythrocyte and platelet concentration but a higher count of leukocytes than the term rats. Although there were no changes in the granulocytes’ ability to phagocytize, preterm monocytes had lower phagocytic activity. Moreover, lower plasma IgG and IgM concentrations were detected in preterm rats compared to full-term rats, without affecting IgA. Finally, the intestinal study revealed lower permeability in preterm rats and reduced goblet cell size. Here, we characterized a premature rat model, with differential immune system biomarkers, as a useful tool for immunonutritional studies aimed at boosting the development of the immune system.
Dietary Antioxidants, Macular Pigment, and Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Lawler Thomas , Liu Yao , Christensen Krista , Vajaranant Thasarat S. , Mares Julie
Published: May 2019

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, and the prevalence is projected to increase to 112 million worldwide by 2040. Intraocular pressure is currently the only proven modifiable risk factor to treat POAG, but recent evidence suggests a link between antioxidant levels and risk for prevalent glaucoma. Studies have found that antioxidant levels are lower in the serum and aqueous humor of glaucoma patients. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the evidence linking oxidative stress to glaucomatous pathology, followed by an in-depth discussion of epidemiological studies and clinical trials of antioxidant consumption and glaucomatous visual field loss. Lastly, we highlight a possible role for antioxidant carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin, which accumulate in the retina to form macular pigment, as evidence has emerged supporting an association between macular pigment levels and age-related eye disease, including glaucoma. We conclude that the evidence base is inconsistent in showing causal links between dietary antioxidants and glaucoma risk, and that prospective studies are needed to further investigate the possible relationship between macular pigment levels and glaucoma risk specifically.
DPYD and Fluorouracil-Based Chemotherapy: Mini Review and Case Report
Authors: Wigle Theodore J. , Tsvetkova Elena V. , Welch Stephen A. , Kim Richard B.
Published: May 2019

5-Fluorouracil remains a foundational component of chemotherapy for solid tumour malignancies. While considered a generally safe and effective chemotherapeutic, 5-fluorouracil has demonstrated severe adverse event rates of up to 30%. Understanding the pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil can improve the precision medicine approaches to this therapy. A single enzyme, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), mediates 80% of 5-fluorouracil elimination, through hepatic metabolism. Importantly, it has been known for over 30-years that adverse events during 5-fluorouracil therapy are linked to high systemic exposure, and to those patients who exhibit DPD deficiency. To date, pre-treatment screening for DPD deficiency in patients with planned 5-fluorouracil-based therapy is not a standard of care. Here we provide a focused review of 5-fluorouracil metabolism, and the efforts to improve predictive dosing through screening for DPD deficiency. We also outline the history of key discoveries relating to DPD deficiency and include relevant information on the potential benefit of therapeutic drug monitoring of 5-fluorouracil. Finally, we present a brief case report that highlights a limitation of pharmacogenetics, where we carried out therapeutic drug monitoring of 5-fluorouracil in an orthotopic liver transplant recipient. This case supports the development of robust multimodality precision medicine services, capable of accommodating complex clinical dilemmas.
A Functional Wound Dressing as a Potential Treatment for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Alexandrino-Junior Francisco , Silva Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e , Freire Marjorie Caroline Liberato Cavalcanti , Lione Viviane de Oliveira Freitas , Cardoso Elisama Azevedo , Marcelino Henrique Rodrigues , Genre Julieta , Oliveira Anselmo Gomes de , Egito Eryvaldo Sócrates Tabosa do
Published: May 2019

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic disease characterized by progressive skin sores. Currently, treatments for CL are limited to parenteral administration of the drug, which presents severe adverse effects and low cure rates. Therefore, this study aimed to develop poly(vinyl-alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels containing Amphotericin B (AmB) intended for topical treatment of CL. Hydrogels were evaluated in vitro for their potential to eliminate promastigote forms of Leishmania spp., to prevent secondary infections, to maintain appropriate healing conditions, and to offer suitable biocompatibility. AmB was incorporated into the system in its non-crystalline state, allowing it to swell more and faster than the system without the drug. Furthermore, the AmB release profile showed a continuous and controlled behavior following Higuchi´s kinetic model. AmB-loaded-PVA-hydrogels (PVA–AmB) also showed efficient antifungal and leishmanicidal activity, no cytotoxic potential for VERO cells, microbial impermeability and water vapor permeability compatible with the healthy skin’s physiological needs. Indeed, these results revealed the potential of PVA–AmB to prevent secondary infections and to maintain a favorable environment for the healing process. Hence, these results suggest that PVA–AmB could be a suitable and efficient new therapeutic approach for the topical treatment of CL.
Error Analysis in Determination of Density and Temperature of Saline Solution Using Fiber Optic Photoacoustic Transducer Coated with MoS2-PDMS Composite
Authors: Li Cheng , Liu Jian , Peng Xiao Bin
Published: May 2019

Regarding the ultrasound determination of density-dependent salinity in seawater, a miniature broadband (up to ~12.8 MHz at 6 dB bandwidth) fiber-tip photoacoustic transducer coated with an ~68.32 μm thick MoS2-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite was developed for simultaneously measuring the temperature and density of laboratory saline solutions, along with a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) for ultrasound detection. The two parameters, respectively, ranging 20 °C to 50 °C and from 0.99 g/cm3 to 1.10 g/cm3 were measured and then extracted based on the regressive dependence on the propagation speed and attenuation of the ultrasonic wave. In terms of the established linear regression model and estimated regression characteristic parameters, the calculated temperature and density results, respectively, exhibited the extended uncertainty values of 1 °C and 1.08 × 10−3 g/cm3 (k = 2.132), accompanied with an excellent goodness of fit (R2 > 0.97) and significance of the binary linear regression (F >> F0.01). The highly consistent experimental data confirmed the accuracy of our method, thus suggesting the potential of measuring salinity in seawater using compact fiber-optic photo-induced ultrasound scheme.
Characterization of KH-560-Modified Jute Fabric/Epoxy Laminated Composites: Surface Structure, and Thermal and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Lihai , Ji Wenwen , Hao Quanling , Zhang Guanghui , Meng Qingkai
Published: May 2019

In this study, jute fabrics were used to reinforce epoxy resin to prepare laminated composites. KH-560 silane coupling agent modification was used to improve the interfacial compatibility between fibers and epoxy. The effects of different immersion times (0 min, 10 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min) on the jute fiber’s element content, crystal structure, and thermal stability, and the mechanical properties of laminated composites were studied. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis showed that the KH-560 modification improved the crystallinity index (CI) and crystallite sizes (CS) of jute fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the tensile fracture surfaces revealed a thick epoxy on the modified pulled fiber surfaces. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis identified the presence of silicon and C–O–Si/Si–O–Si cross-linked structures on the surface of modified jute fibers. These cross-linked structures improved the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the laminated composites. When the immersion time was 60 min, the CI, CS, tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of the modified samples were 42.39%, 3.62 nm, 34.6 ± 1.1 MPa, 2.11 ± 0.12 GPa, 83.7 ± 1.8 MPa, and 4.08 ± 0.12 GPa, respectively, which were better than that of unmodified and other modified composites.
A Combined In-Mold Decoration and Microcellular Injection Molding Method for Preparing Foamed Products with Improved Surface Appearance
Authors: Guo Wei , Yang Qing , Mao Huajie , Meng Zhenghua , Hua Lin , He Bo
Published: May 2019

A combined in-mold decoration and microcellular injection molding (IMD/MIM) method by integrating in-mold decoration injection molding (IMD) with microcellular injection molding (MIM) was proposed in this paper. To verify the effectiveness of the IMD/MIM method, comparisons of in-mold decoration injection molding (IMD), conventional injection molding (CIM), IMD/MIM and microcellular injection molding (MIM) simulations and experiments were performed. The results show that compared with MIM, the film flattens the bubbles that have not been cooled and turned to the surface, thus improving the surface quality of the parts. The existence of the film results in an asymmetrical temperature distribution along the thickness of the sample, and the higher temperature on the film side leads the cell to move toward it, thus obtaining a cell-offset part. However, the mechanical properties of the IMD/MIM splines are degraded due to the presence of cells, while specific mechanical properties similar to their solid counterparts are maintained. Besides, the existence of the film reduces the heat transfer coefficient of the film side so that the sides of the part are cooled asymmetrically, causing warpage.
Flexible Textile Strain Sensor Based on Copper-Coated Lyocell Type Cellulose Fabric
Authors: Root Waleri , Wright Tom , Caven Barnaby , Bechtold Thomas , Pham Tung
Published: May 2019

Integration of sensors in textile garments requires the development of flexible conductive structures. In this work, cellulose-based woven lyocell fabrics were coated with copper during an electroless step, produced at 0.0284 M copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.079 M potassium hydrogen L-tartrate, and 0.94 M formaldehyde concentrations. High concentrations led to high homogeneous copper reaction rates and the heterogeneous copper deposition process was diffusion controlled. Thus, the rate of copper deposition did not increase on the cellulose surface. Conductivity of copper coatings was investigated by the resistance with a four probe technique during fabric deformation. In cyclic tensile tests, the resistance of coated fabric (19 × 1.5 cm2) decreased from 13.2–3.7 Ω at 2.2% elongation. In flex tests, the resistance increased from 5.2–6.6 Ω after 5000 bending cycles. After repeated wetting and drying cycles, the resistance increased by 2.6 × 105. The resistance raised from 11–23 Ω/square with increasing relative humidity from 20–80%, which is likely due to hygroscopic expansion of fibers. This work improves the understanding of conductive copper coating on textiles and shows their applicability in flexible strain sensors.
Bearing Fault Diagnosis with a Feature Fusion Method Based on an Ensemble Convolutional Neural Network and Deep Neural Network
Authors: Li Hongmei , Huang Jinying , Ji Shuwei
Published: May 2019

Rolling bearings are the core components of rotating machinery. Their health directly affects the performance, stability and life of rotating machinery. To prevent possible damage, it is necessary to detect the condition of rolling bearings for fault diagnosis. With the rapid development of intelligent fault diagnosis technology, various deep learning methods have been applied in fault diagnosis in recent years. Convolution neural networks (CNN) have shown high performance in feature extraction. However, the pooling operation of CNN can lead to the loss of much valuable information and the relationship between the whole and the part may be ignored. In this study, we proposed CNNEPDNN, a novel bearing fault diagnosis model based on ensemble deep neural network (DNN) and CNN. We firstly trained CNNEPDNN model. Each of its local networks was trained with different training datasets. The CNN used vibration sensor signals as the input, whereas the DNN used nine time-domain statistical features from bearing vibration sensor signals as the input. Each local network of CNNEPDNN extracted different features from its own trained dataset, thus we fused features with different discrimination for fault recognition. CNNEPDNN was tested under 10 fault conditions based on the bearing data from Bearing Data Center of Case Western Reserve University (CWRU). To evaluate the proposed model, four aspects were analyzed: convergence speed of training loss function, test accuracy, F-Score and the feature clustering result by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) visualization. The training loss function of the proposed model converged more quickly than the local models under different loads. The test accuracy of the proposed model is better than that of CNN, DNN and BPNN. The F-Score value of the model is higher than that of CNN model, and the feature clustering effect of the proposed model was better than that of CNN.
Generalized Mittag-Leffler Input Stability of the Fractional Differential Equations
Authors: Sene Ndolane , Srivastava Gautam
Published: May 2019

The behavior of the analytical solutions of the fractional differential equation described by the fractional order derivative operators is the main subject in many stability problems. In this paper, we present a new stability notion of the fractional differential equations with exogenous input. Motivated by the success of the applications of the Mittag-Leffler functions in many areas of science and engineering, we present our work here. Applications of Mittag-Leffler functions in certain areas of physical and applied sciences are also very common. During the last two decades, this class of functions has come into prominence after about nine decades of its discovery by a Swedish Mathematician Mittag-Leffler, due to the vast potential of its applications in solving the problems of physical, biological, engineering, and earth sciences, to name just a few. Moreover, we propose the generalized Mittag-Leffler input stability conditions. The left generalized fractional differential equation has been used to help create this new notion. We investigate in depth here the Lyapunov characterizations of the generalized Mittag-Leffler input stability of the fractional differential equation with input.
Development of an E2 ELISA Methodology to Assess Chikungunya Seroprevalence in Patients from an Endemic Region of Mexico
Authors: Kim Young Chan , López-Camacho César , Garcia-Larragoiti Nallely , Cano-Mendez Alan , Hernandez-Flores Karina Guadalupe , Domínguez-Alemán Carlos Alonso , Antonieta Mar Maria , Vivanco-Cid Héctor , Viveros-Sandoval Martha Eva , Reyes-Sandoval Arturo
Published: May 2019

Chikungunya fever is a debilitating disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) that can result in long-lasting arthralgias. The early diagnosis of CHIKV relies on PCR during the acute infection phase to allow differential diagnosis with other co-circulating arboviruses such as dengue and Zika. Alternatively, serology can support diagnosis and provide epidemiological information on current and past outbreaks. Many commercial serological ELISA assays are based on the inactivated whole CHIKV, but their sensitivity and specificity show great variability. We produced recombinant CHIKV E2 that is suitable for ELISA assays, which was used for the serodiagnosis of CHIKV infections occurring in an arbovirus endemic Mexican region within Michoacán state. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016–2017; sera was obtained from 15 healthy donors and 68 patients presenting undifferentiated febrile illness. Serum samples were screened by RT-PCR and by our in-house ELISA assay. Our results indicate that IgM and IgG anti-CHIKV E2 antibodies were detected with our ELISA assay with higher sensitivity than a commercially available CHIKV ELISA kit. Our simple and sensitive ELISA assay for the serodiagnosis of CHIKV infections can be applied to population-based seroprevalence surveys and has potential for monitoring vaccine immunogenicity in CHIKV vaccine clinical trials.
IIV-6 Inhibits NF-κB Responses in Drosophila
Authors: West Cara , Rus Florentina , Chen Ying , Kleino Anni , Gangloff Monique , Gammon Don B. , Silverman Neal
Published: May 2019

The host immune response and virus-encoded immune evasion proteins pose constant, mutual selective pressure on each other. Virally encoded immune evasion proteins also indicate which host pathways must be inhibited to allow for viral replication. Here, we show that IIV-6 is capable of inhibiting the two Drosophila NF-κB signaling pathways, Imd and Toll. Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene induction downstream of either pathway is suppressed when cells infected with IIV-6 are also stimulated with Toll or Imd ligands. We find that cleavage of both Imd and Relish, as well as Relish nuclear translocation, three key points in Imd signal transduction, occur in IIV-6 infected cells, indicating that the mechanism of viral inhibition is farther downstream, at the level of Relish promoter binding or transcriptional activation. Additionally, flies co-infected with both IIV-6 and the Gram-negative bacterium, Erwinia carotovora carotovora, succumb to infection more rapidly than flies singly infected with either the virus or the bacterium. These findings demonstrate how pre-existing infections can have a dramatic and negative effect on secondary infections, and establish a Drosophila model to study confection susceptibility.
Globalization of Services in Practice. (Analysis of Success on Polish Example in the Years 2003-2011)
Authors: Wyrwicz Marek
Published: May 2019

The globalised world is looking for savings and actually finds it in Poland. Global economy is a system of connected vessels, functioning in close relations, with increasing role of Poland. The text demonstrates the developmental perspectives of outsourcing and offshoring in the largest Polish metropolies and the possibilities of the development of smaller cities.
Kecerdasan IQ, EQ dan SQ Dalam Pembentukan Kepribadian Mukmin
Authors: Ismail Ismail
Published: May 2019

Abstrak:

Penelitian ini merupakan kajian teoritis tentang kecerdasan yang dimiliki oleh manusia yang kemudian dengan kecerdasan itu dapat mengarahkan dirinya untuk memiliki kepribadian, karena kecerdasan dapat diartikan sebagai sebuah kecakapan yang dimiliki oleh seorang individu. Beberapa pendapat mengatakan bahwa di dalam diri manusia tidak hanya kecerdasan intelektual (IQ), melainkan juga terdapat kecerdasan emosi (EQ) dan kecerdasan spiritual (SQ). Sehingga pertumbuhan dan perkembangan individu manusia akan selalu dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan dan perkembangan ketiga jenis kecerdasan itu sendiri. Keseimbangan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan ketiga kecerdasan itu akan berakibat pada keseimbangan pertumbunhan dan perkembangan kepribadian. Dalam kajian ini penulis akan menjelaskan korelasi antara IQ, EQ & SQ dalam pembentukan pribadi mukmin, serta bagaimana proses pembentukan pribadi mukmin.

Kata Kunci: IQ, EQ, SQ, Pribadi Mukmin

 

Abstract :

This study is a theoretical study of intelligence possessed by the human intellect then it can lead a person to have a personality, as intelligence can be defined as a skill possessed by an individual. Some opinions say that in a human being is not just intellectual intelligence (IQ), but there are also emotional intelligence (EQ) and spiritual intelligence (SQ). So that the growth and development of the human individual will always be influenced by the growth and development of three types of intelligence itself. Balance growth and development of the three intelligence will result in the balance and personality development. In this study the authors will describe the correlation between IQ, EQ and SQ believer in personal formation, and how the process of personal formation believer.

Keyword: IQ, EQ, SQ, Personal Believer.
LA REDACCIÓN DE ARTÍCULOS CIENTÍFICOS SOBRE RESULTADOS DE INVESTIGACIONES EDUCACIONALES
Authors: Lahera Martínez Falconeri , Romero Rodríguez Raúl Hermenegildo , Marrero Silva Humberto
Published: May 2019

Como la divulgación de las experiencias obtenidas en el desarrollo de la creciente actividad investigativa constituye, para los profesionales de la educación, un tema de gran importancia, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo esencial, proporcionar algunas recomendaciones teóricas y prácticas acerca de los pasos a seguir para redactar un artículo científico sobre resultados de investigaciones educacionales. En virtud de lo cual, el autor ofrece variadas propuestas y ejemplos, válidos para la elaboración de artículos. Explica detalladamente cómo estructurar sus apartados y examina cuidadosamente el contenido de cada una de las partes que lo conforman. Asimismo, propone valiosos consejos sobre el seguimiento que debe darse al estilo científico que preside la redacción del artículo educacional. La investigación exigió la aplicación de los métodos más ajustados a las características del tema, con énfasis en el trabajo con las fuentes reunidas, cuyos datos fueron generalizados mediante los procedimientos lógicos del conocimiento científico.
USO DEL ÍNDICE NORMALIZADO DE VEGETACIÓN PARA LA ELABORACIÓN DE PLANOS DE CULTIVO
Authors: Mayorga Arias David , Pazos Roldan Marlon Victor Hugo , Uvidia Vélez Martha
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo pretende mostrar la utilidad del índice de vegetación diferencia normalizada para realizar trabajos de agricultura de precisión, así como de los sistemas de información geográfica al tratar estas imágenes. El índice de vegetación diferencia normalizada, IVDN o NDVI, es una variable que permite estimar el desarrollo de una vegetación sobre la base de la medición, con sensores remotos, de la intensidad de la radiación de ciertas bandas del espectro electromagnético que la misma emite o refleja. Aplicado a las comunidades de plantas, el índice arroja valores de intensidad del verdor de la zona, y da cuenta de la cantidad de vegetación presente en una superficie y su estado de salud o vigor vegetativo.
EL EMPLEO DE CUENTOS INFANTILES Y FÁBULAS EN EL TRABAJO CON FAMILIAS DE LOS NIÑOS CON DIAGNÓSTICO DE DISFASIA DEL DESARROLLO
Authors: Gómez Núñez Elizabeth , Gómez Cardoso Ángel Luis , Núñez Rodríguez Olga Lidia
Published: May 2019

El artículo describe los fundamentos teóricos en relación a la familia del niño con disfasia del desarrollo. Se reconoce el indiscutible papel protagónico e insustituible de los padres en el desarrollo de los hijos con métodos de trabajo mucho más incentivadores y optimistas, así como en el empleo de cuentos y fábulas para el trabajo de estimulación y desarrollo de estos niños a modo de romper las formalidades y rutinas establecidas desde las propias escuelas de educación familiar.   Se describen ejemplos concretos que a juicio de los autores pudieran resultar efectivas para el logro de la estimulación del desarrollo integral en estos niños y que repercutirán en muchas de sus futuras actitudes psicológicas, según seamos capaces de encauzarlos.
LA FORMACIÓN DE VALORES EN EL FUTURO INGENIERO INDUSTRIAL
Authors: Hidrovo Alcívar Pablo Horacio , Zambrano Roldán Karen Estefanía , Barberan Cevallos José Patricio
Published: May 2019

El artículo aborda los problemas de la formación de valores tema de relevante actualidad como en la vida cotidiana. Partiendo del estudio de los más importantes aportes teóricos actuales a la problemática, del empleo de métodos teóricos, empíricos, el uso de encuestas y procedimientos estadísticos, así como de la experiencia profesional de la autora, se realiza un enfoque teórico y metodológico dirigido a contribuir a perfeccionar el proceso docente–educativo en una de sus direcciones más importantes: la de la formación ética de las nuevas generaciones. El problema de los valores, la formación de valores y la educación valoral se ha convertido en un tema recurrente de máxima urgencia en los diversos sistemas educativos y congresos de pedagogos de diversas latitudes. Se presenta una sistematización de la práctica como fundamento de la vida social, de la cultura, del conocimiento y, por tanto, de la teoría. A su vez, las formas teóricas sólo pueden considerarse verdaderas si son comprobadas en la práctica. La teoría de los valores es el resultado de la práctica social; pero se pretende transformar esa vida compleja desde soluciones que se desarrollan teóricamente y se enriquecen en la praxis.
Assessing pretreated municipal solid waste degradation by BMP and fibre analysis
Authors: Siddiqui Asif
Published: May 2019

Landfill continues to be the major
method of Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal in the UK and many other
countries despite considerable efforts to limit its use. The EU Landfill
Directive requires, amongst other things, that waste is treated to reduce its
biodegradability prior to disposal to landfill. This pre-treatment is often
achieved through what is generically termed mechanical-biological treatment.
Predicting the biodegradability or degradation potential of these pre-treated
wastes is important for the long term management and aftercare of landfill
sites. To address this, a series of biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests
have been undertaken to characterize the anaerobic biodegradation potential of
two mechanically biologically treated (MBT) waste samples in terms of biogas
yield, solids composition (loss on ignition, total carbon, cellulose,
hemicellulose and lignin contents), and assessment of leachate characteristics
during the biodegradation process. Experimental results from a long term study
of MBT wastes treated to different standards are analyzed and compared. The
relationship between biogas potential and solids composition was investigated,
and carbon and nitrogen mass balances are discussed. The biogas potential was
shown to correlate well with the ratio of cellulose plus hemicellulose to
lignin, loss on ignition and total carbon content of the waste indicating a
clear link between these parameters. The results indicate that solids
composition of MBT wastes may provide a useful indication of the biodegradation
potential. The mass balance indicates that a large proportion of carbon and
nitrogen remain locked up in the waste material and is not released.
A Study on the Economic Analysis of the Turkish Black Sea Purse Seiners
Authors: Mutlu Tanju , Dinçer A. Cemal
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to assess the economic performance of the
Turkish purse seiners operated in the Black Sea. Five commercial fishing
vessels of different lengths and engine powers have been chosen as samples to
represent the fishing pattern carried out in the region. The catch data used
has been obtained from the two successive fishing periods of 2010 and 2011. Net
present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) methods were used as
economic evaluation criteria. According to results of economic analysis of
sample fishing vessels, the fuel has been found the greatest outcome component
of the net cash flows. It was seen that all sample seiners closed the both
fishing seasons with profits. The results of analysis also indicated that the
engine powers and the gross tonnages (GT) of the seiners have the optimum
values of 3000 HP and 250 GT, respectively. It was estimated that an ordinary
purse seiner is capable of catching 3080 tonnes of anchovy, averagely, per
year. This amount is strikingly more than twice of what was shown in the
official fishery statistics.
Kültürü Yapılan Gökkuşağı Alabalıklar (Oncorhynchus mykiss)’ında Gryodactylus sp. Enfeksiyonu
Authors: BALTA Fikri , DENGİZ BALTA Zeynep
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesindeki on beş farklı gökkuşağı alabalığı
çiftliklerindeki balıklar aylık olarak parazit yönünden kontrol edildi. Hastalıklı
balıkların yüzgeçleri, deri ve solungaç mukus sekresyonlarının kazıma
örneklerinin mikroskobik incelemesi ile Gyrodactylus
sp.’nin varlığı gözlemlenildi. Hastalık belirtisi olarak balıklarda renkte
kararma, deri üzerinde sürtünmeye bağlı pul dökülmesi ve dejenerasyonlara
rastlanıldı. Bazı ileri vakalarda deride ülserli bölgeler de rastlanıldı.
Balıklardan yapılan kazıntılarda birey başına solungaçlarda 1-5, deride 1-3 ve
nadiren deride 1 adet Gyrodactylus
sp. tespit edildi. Gyrodactylus sp. enfeksiyonlarında
formaldehit, kloramin-T and formaldehit + kloramin-T’nin farklı dozları tedavi
amacıyla kullanıldı. Bu ilaçlar, gökkuşağı alabalığındaki Gyrodactylus sp. enfeksiyonlarının tedavisinde etkili değildi.
Yaşlılık , Değer ve Teknoloji
Authors: ÇATALOĞLU Seher
Published: May 2019

Hızla değişen ve gelişen
teknoloji çağın en önemli kavramlarından biridir. Hızlı teknolojik değişimler
sonucunda değerler de farklılaşmış modern toplumlarda yaşlı bireyler de ikinci
plana koyulmuştur. Zaman içerisinde yaşlılığın tanımı da değişmiş bedenin yaşlanmasını
ifade etmekten çok sosyal anlamlar içermeye başlamıştır. Bugün artık
teknolojiye ayak uydurmayan da yaşlı olarak görülmektedir. Teknoloji kavramı
artık toplumun yapısını etkilemekte ve ondan etkilenmektedir. Birbirinden
bağımsız olarak düşünmediğimiz teknoloji ve toplum arasında karşılıklı bir
etkileşim söz konusudur. Teknolojiyi anlamlandırabilmek için de, toplumu
tanımlayan, sosyal, ekonomik, politik, kültürel ve felsefi yönleri de ele
almamız gerekmektedir. Gündelik hayatın bir parçası olan teknoloji yaşlı
bireyler tarafından da kullanılmaktadır. Teknolojik ürünler yaşlı bireylerin
hayatına olumlu katkı sağlayabilmektedir ancak bunun için gündelik hayatta
muhtelif teknolojik ürünler üreten firmalar, teknolojiyi üretenler; teknoloji
tüketicileri içinde sayısı giderek artan yaşlı nüfusu dikkate almalıdır.
Feenberg, diyalektik bir yaklaşımla; insan ihtiyaç ve amaçları, teknolojiyi
yeniden biçimlendirebileceğini söyler. Değerler ile teknoloji arasında
karşılıklı bir etkileşim söz konusudur. 
Değerler teknolojik gelişimden etkilense bile, teknolojik gelişmeyi
yönlendirir (Ural,2010: 1). Feenbergci bir yaklaşımla, teknolojiye yeniden
biçim verebilmek, birey taleplerinin etkinliğini sağlayabilmek için modern
toplumlardaki yaşlılık algısı, yaşlılığın bir bitiş ve çöküş süreci olarak
görülmesi tartışılmalıdır. Bu çalışmada modern toplumlarda yaşlıların konumu,
yaşlı bireyin teknolojiye erişimi ve teknolojiyi kullanımı tartışılacaktır.
Makalenin argümanı, teknolojiyi üretenlerin ve toplumun, yaşlıyı daha yaşlı
kılan bir anlayış geliştirdiği, yaşlıların teknolojiyi kullanmakta çekingen,
beceriksiz ya da iyi bir pazar olmadığı düsturuyla teknolojiden
uzaklaştırdıklarını bunun da modern toplumların değerler sistemiyle ilişkili
olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Teknolojinin anlamlarından biri olan yönetme/idare
etme/kontrol etme bağlamında yaşlı bireyin konumlandırılması yorumlanmaya
çalışılacaktır.
Bütünleşmenin Zorlu Aşaması: "Ortak" Bir Dış ve Güvenlik Politikası İnşa Etmek
Authors: GÜRSOY Barış
Published: May 2019

Avrupalılar feodal
ilişkiler altında, modern devletler sistemi ya da siyasi bir birlik içinde
olmak fark etmeksizin, tüm insanlar gibi, her daim güvenlik arayışında
olmuşlardır. Brüksel için bütünleşme kıtanın iç ve dış güvenliğinin sağlanması
için en etkili ve güçlü araçlarından birisi olagelmiştir. Esasen, bütünleşme
sürecinin en önemli motivasyon kaynaklarının Avrupa Birliği (AB)
vatandaşlarının can, mal ve özgürlüklerinin “korunması” olduğu öne sürülebilir.
Bu amaca ilişkin Birlik çok sayıda ortak politika üretmiştir. Ortak Dış ve
Güvenlik Politikası da bunlardan biridir. Ancak, bu “ortak” politikayı inşa
etmeye giden yol hayli zorludur. Soğuk Savaş döneminde Topluluk için dış
politika oluşturmak adına yapılan girişimler zayıf ve yavaş olsa da kıymetli
bir deneyim olacaktır. Soğuk Savaş’tan sonra ise uluslararası ve bölgesel
gelişmeler Birlik için “ortak” bir dış ve güvenlik politikası üretmek için daha
iddialı adımlar atmasına olanak sağlayacaktır. AB’nin vatandaşlarının gözünde
varlığını güçlü bir şekilde sürdürebilmesi güçlü, aktif ve tutarlı bir ODGP ile
mümkündür. Bugün ulaşılan seviyenin daha ileri bir noktaya çıkarılmasına olan
ihtiyaç devam ederken geçmiş deneyimlerin izlerinin sürülmesi sürecin daha iyi
anlaşılması için yararlı olacaktır. Bu çalışma ortak bir dış ve güvenlik
politikasının oluşumda köşe taşları olarak adlandırılabilecek önemli
antlaşmaları, zirve sonuç bildirilerini ve konuşmaları incelemeyi
amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca, bu politikanın oluşturulmasında karşılaşılan
sıkıntıları değerlendirmek adına uluslararası sistem göz önünde
bulundurulmuştur.
Globalization, Transnational Migration and Associations
Authors: ÇATALOĞLU Seher , BULUT Meryem
Published: May 2019

This study was conducted with Kirkuk Turkmens migrating into Istanbul from Iraq. It was performed in the period between 2014 and 2017. The study was conducted in participatory observation and in-depth interview technique. Reflexive paradigm was adopted in this study.   It was found in this study that the movement to Istanbul had the properties of internal migration rather than of external migration although it seemed to be an external migration. Associations and relatives are the key elements in establishing and preserving the ties between countries. The relatives in the country of origin and in the country of migration cause transnational migration with the explicit effects of communicative and transport instruments. Thus, the migrating individuals or groups lead their life without breaking their ties with neither of the countries. Associations, another network of immigrant relations, both support the life in the country of migration and keep the memory in the country of origin alive and build the memory, and they play important roles in re-determining the boundaries. Institutions building memory take on active roles in transforming nation state nationalism into postmodern nationalism.    Globalisation increases migration movements and consequently it changes the boundaries of nation states which we know by heart. The visibility of the principle of indeterminism of post-modern thought on the boundaries coincides with the concept of migration.
Hobbes ve Kuçuradi’de Bir Kişinin Değeri
Authors: SOLTEKİN Muhammed Furkan
Published: May 2019

Günümüzde değerlerin
kişiden kişiye değişebilen birtakım göreceli kavramlar oldukları ve bununla
ilişkisinde, bir kişinin değerini belirleyen şeylerin o kişiyi
değerlendirenlere bağlı olduğu; dolayısıyla kişinin değerinin o kişiye ait bir
şey olmaktan çok, o anki koşul ve durumlara göre o kişiye yüklenen bir şey
olduğu düşüncesi hakimdir. Bu çalışmada bu düşüncenin Hobbes felsefesindeki
kökleri araştırılacak, iyi, mutluluk ve güç kavramlarıyla ilişkisinde bir
kişinin değeri hakkındaki görüşü ortaya konulacaktır. Diğer taraftan,
Hobbes’un  bu düşünceleri ile
Kuçuradi’nin değerlerin göreceli olmadığını, aksine bazı kişilerce hayata
geçirilebilen ve hakkında felsefi bilgiye ulaşılabilen bir takım insansal
olanaklar olduğunu savunan görüşü karşılaştırılacak  ve günümüzde karşılaştığımız insansal
sorunların saptanmasında ve çözüm yollarının araştırılmasında bu görüşlerden
hangisinin bizler için yol gösterici olabileceği tartışılacaktır.
Quality Assurance in Turkish Higher Education in the Framework of Policy Process Model
Authors: YILMAZ Devrim Vural
Published: May 2019

Today, higher education is regarded as a field of
public policy with its economic and social dimensions rather than being solely
an education issue. In higher education sector, the role of non-state actors is increasingly
expanding within the new policy contexts transcending national boundaries. Many
actors at various levels, from international organizations to students as
individuals are involved in the policy process. Therefore, the field of higher
education policy represents a complex process where policy-making stages are
intertwined with various actors and blurred boundaries. Quality assurance
is one of the policy areas that best represent this complexity with many
stakeholders on the international, national and institutional level.  Globalization and international competition
bring the quality problem to the forefront of many higher education systems. In
the Turkish higher education system, as in other countries, quality assurance
has become an important agenda item in recent years. The new higher education system
approach of the Council of Higher Education has been defined as mission
differentiation and diversity, flexibility and institutional autonomy which
require a significant transformation in the current system. Thus, a new
road map has been adopted by the formulation of new policies, legal frameworks
and institutional structures. In this study, quality assurance policies in Turkish
higher education are explored in accordance with the conceptual framework of
the policy process/cycle model. Accordingly, the quality issue is handled in
line with the basic stages of policy cycle which are agenda setting, policy
formulation, implementation and evaluation.