bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiment on Yield Strength of PZT-4 Piezoelectric Generating Column
Authors: Zheng Ying Huan , Li Yu Feng , Wang Song Wei , Zhao Yan
Published: December 2013

PZT-4 as a piezoelectric material has been studied extensively. When the piezoelectric ceramic is loaded with a pressure which exceeds certain strength, it becomes plastic deformation. In the condition of the pressure disappearing, the piezoelectric ceramic which still has residual strain can not return to the initial state, which will lead to the destruction of the piezoelectric generator. It is necessary to obtain the yield strength in studying the generating performance of the piezoelectric material. The paper designed a kind of measurement methods in stress-strain experiment for the PZT-4 piezoelectric generating column of highway piezoelectric generators. The measurement of the stress-strain mechanical characteristic curve of the PZT-4 piezoelectric generating column was shown in this work. It finally finds the inflection points of elastic deformation and plastic deformation of PZT-4 piezoelectric generating column and the yield strength of PZT-4, in order to provide yield strength parameter for the design of highway piezoelectric generators.
Optimizing Flow for the Two Color Injection Mould Design
Authors: Yin Yan Fang , Tian Zhen Hui
Published: December 2013

Commercial CAD/CAM systems provide semi-automatic tools to assist the designer in the dimensioning process. Analytical solutions to injection molding problems are very rare due to thecomplexities of the governing equations, the material behavior and the cavity geometry. Study of window frame fabrication by injection moulding process was carried out with the aid of Moldflow® software. Ejector plate designs were created to compare the pros and cons of each design. The investigations were carried out on flowing, packing, cooling and costing of injection moulded window frame. Using the method, good results have been obtained for several basic geometric models.
Extraction of License Plate Region in License Plate Recognition System
Authors: Ning Yuan , Liu Yao Wen , Zhang Yan Bin , Yuan Hao
Published: December 2013

Extraction of License plate region is an important stage in the intelligent vehicle license plate recognition system. A practical license plate extraction algorithm based on edge detection and mathematical morphology is presented, the algorithm mainly consists of six modules: pre-processing, edge detection, binaryzation and denoising, morphology operation, filtration of connected regions, finding license plate region. From the experiments, the algorithm can detect the region of license plate quickly with 98% average accuracy of locating vehicle license plate region.
Recent Advances in High Dynamic Range Imaging
Authors: Bai Ben Du , Liu Wei Hua , Liu Ying , Fan Jiu Lun
Published: December 2013

This paper aims to present a review of recent techniques in high dynamic range imaging (HDRI), which was the topic in research areas including image processing, computer graphics, and photography. HDRI or just HDR is a set of techniques that allows a greater dynamic range between the lightest and darkest areas of an image than current standard digital imaging techniques or photographic methods. HDR imaging technologies will spread its sphere of influence in imaging industry for its high quality and its powerful expression ability, including digital cinema, digital photography and next generation broadcast. This paper discusses recent advances, future direction in HDRI. The major goal of the paper is to provide a reference source for the researchers involved in HDRI, regardless of particular application areas.
Improve the Search and Ranking with Neural Networks
Authors: Chen Yu Wen , Zhang Ju , Zhong Kun Hua , Liu Lei Feng , Yao Yuan
Published: December 2013

The full text retrieval system can receive constant feedback in the form of user behavior. In the case of a search engine, each user will immediately provide information about how much he likes the results for a given search by clicking on one result and choosing not to click on the others. This paper will look at a way to record when a user clicks on a result after a query, and design a Click-Tracking Network. Then training it with BP neural networks to intelligently improve the rankings of the results for users. Finally, we implement a search and ranking system content-based ranking and improve the search and ranking with neural network. By experiments we have shown good results.
Decision Tree Generation Algorithm without Pruning
Authors: Gao Jing
Published: December 2013

On the generation of decision tree based on rough set model, for the sake of classification accuracy, existing algorithms usually partition examples too specific. And it is hard to avoid the negative impact caused by few special examples on decision tree. In order to obtain this priority in traditional decision tree algorithm based on rough set, the sample is partitioned much more meticulously. Inevitably, a few exceptional samples have negative effect on decision tree. And this leads that the generated decision tree seems too large to be understood. It also reduces the ability in classifying and predicting the coming data. To settle these problems, the restrained factor is introduced in this paper. For expanding nodes in generating decision tree algorithm, besides traditional terminating condition, an additional terminating condition is involved when the restrained factor of sample is higher than a given threshold, then the node will not be expanded any more. Thus, the problem of much more meticulous partition is avoided. Furthermore, the size of decision tree generated with restrained factor involved will not seem too large to be understood.
An Improved Tabu Search Algorithm for Global Optimization of Engineering Design Problems
Authors: Wang Ning , Yang Shi You
Published: December 2013

To find the global optimal solution of a multimodal function with both continuous and discrete variables, an improved tabu search algorithm is proposed. The improvements include new generating mechanisms for initial and neighborhood solutions, the exclusive use of the tabu list, the restarting methodology for different cycle of iterations as well as the shifting away from the worst solutions. The numerical results on two numerical examples are reported to demonstrate the feasibility and merit of the proposed algorithm.
Design of Loading Robot Control System Based on PLC
Authors: Han Yi Lun , Jiao Zhen Guang , Tian Yan Fang , Yan Hai Jing , Cui Yun Long
Published: December 2013

Manpower alone to solve the large quantities of the box-type cargoes loading problem, can not meet the current concept of reducing labor force and improving the environment of the labor, enhancing work efficiency. Analysis of the current loading process, designed a Box-type cargo booster loading robot which uses PLC as the control system, via wireless remote controller to control manipulator to transport cargoes. Through the design of mechanical structure and the application of the frequency converter it can increase accuracy of the robot action and enhance work efficiency.
Select Axial-Symmetry Cylinder-Segments as Basic Scattering Units in 2D Photonic Crystals
Authors: Wan Yong , Zhang He , Yang Wan Qin , Li Chao , Jia Ming Hui
Published: December 2013

Scattering units or building blocks are the basic elements for photonic crystal lattices. Photonic bandgaps can be tuned and improved in two-dimensional (2D) triangular lattices, as well as in square lattices by introducing axial-symmetry cylinder-segments instead of cylinders as basic scattering units. Owing to the changes of bulks, reflectance effect of electromagnetic waves will be different both in TE modes and in TM modes. The widths of bandgaps for the two polarization modes can be adjusted and matched to overlap in some range.
Research of Fixed-Point SVG Algorithm Research Based on Deadbeat SVPWM Control
Authors: Zhang Ming Ke , Zhang Ying , Zhang Xiao Ming
Published: December 2013

Nowadays, it is increasing high for power in instantaneous reactive power theory in Voltage Quality Improvement .In this paper, a deadbeat control method based on SVPWM is presented which is a new method of Reactive power compensation of SVG subsystem. This method could detect the reaction current in real-time by instantaneous reactive power theory .To improve system response speed. This paper takes the theory of voltage space vector to against to the lack of direct current control high switching frequency. Also gives the analysis about the application of the principle of voltage space vector theory. Using deadbeat control technology is to eliminate the delay caused by calculation and sampling. Combined deadbeat control and voltage space vector in Matlab simulation system of the Control scheme. Simulation results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of this method.
Ball Mill Automatic Control System Design Based on Fuzzy PID Control
Authors: Yan Sen , Zhang Jing Qi , Diao Wei Zhi
Published: December 2013

For ball mill grinding process random interference by many factors, processes complex mechanism, there is a big inertia and the lag, the fuzzy control theory is introduced into the mill control system, has strong robustness, can effectively overcome the mill main motor power nonlinear, time-varying factors such as interference. System is reliable, adjust speed, anti-interference ability, can better achieve constant power automatic control of the ball mill, with good application value.
Adaptive Weighting Decoupling Design for Constrained Generalized Predictive Control Using Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Dai Yong Bin
Published: December 2013

The paper proposes a new method for decoupling multivariable system based on generalized predictive control (GPC) with constrains. It is the main idea of proposed control method that the error weight can change with output deviation caused by reference changes in order to reduce interactions in the system and improve dynamic performance of coupling loops. With improved genetic algorithm to optimize the performance index of GPC, the algorithm is applied to auto shape control and auto gauge control (ASC-AGC). The simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and correctness of approach proposed.
Analysis for Equivalent In-Plane Elastic Parameters of the Honeycomb Core
Authors: Wu Yu Xiao , Wang Fan
Published: December 2013

Equivalent elastic parameters of the honeycomb core considering the effect of extension or contraction deformation, shear deformation and flexural deformation are presented in this paper. Then the energy theory is applied to the calculation of the equivalent elastic constants Ee and νe. Finally the accuracy of the formulas have been verified by the compressing experiments with aluminum honeycomb core in the literature[9].
FDD of the Attitude Control System of Satellite with Actuator Fault and Time Delay via Two-Stage Kalman Filter
Authors: Li Cheng Liang , Chen Xue Qin , Jia Qing Xian , Geng Yun Hai
Published: December 2013

The recent decades have witnessed active studies in fault detection and isolation (FDD) of the small satellites subject to actuator failures and attitude coordination control of spacecraft formation flying (SFF) which plays a significant role in missions such as synthetic-aperture radar imaging. However, because of the time delay in communication links, the performance of coordination control is not always satisfactory. In this paper we propose a method to estimate the actuator fault as well as the input time delay at the same time. First of all, the model of the altitude control system of the small satellite with actuator fault and the model of the altitude control system with actuator fault and the input time delay are presented respectively. Based on the Two-Stage Kalman Filter algorithm, the fault and input time delay of the altitude control system of the small satellite can be estimated. At last, the simulation of the algorithm in a satellite attitude control system with actuator fault and input time delay will illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Based on MCU AT89S52 Temperature Control System
Authors: Yue Cai Qing
Published: December 2013

The water temperature as the main control objectives, the real-time temperature control system is designed, in this system MCU AT89S52 is used as the core control device, integrated temperature sensor AD590 because of good linearity and high sensitivity, and A / D converter with high resolution and low noise are used for temperature acquisition,the system has achieved the temperature 40 ~ 90°C automatic control, it has set temperature display, real-time display of the current temperature function, after the actual operation shows that the system is better able to control the temperature.
Research on the Material Transportation Automation Technology Based on SEMI Standard
Authors: Wang Chen Xi , Liu Ming Zhe , Xu Ai Dong
Published: December 2013

Using SEMI standards to provide the communication interface and communication information between the semiconductor device and the factory host, in order to improve the yield and quality of semiconductor products has been a general consensus. In this paper, through the analysis of the related standard about the material transport in SEMI, and the specific introduction of the actual device model of the semiconductor equipment, describes the process of material transportation factory automation technology and the application in the actual equipment.
An Optimizing Algorithm of Control Cycle of DVSC in NCS
Authors: Yang Wei Jun , Guo Xiao Song
Published: December 2013

In this paper, Network Control Systems using Discrete Variable Structure Controller are considered. Discrete Variable Structure Controller and Scheduling algorithm are codesigned based on performance index, an new algorithm of optimizing control cycle of Discrete Variable Structure is designed. Finally,an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the design methodology.
Performance Analysis of Ultraviolet Communication System in Fog Environment
Authors: Wang Yong , Bi Xue Mei
Published: December 2013

Based on the analysis of ultraviolet single scattering channel model, the attenuation model of fog and its impact on signal attenuation is investigated. Under foggy environment, the study on the performance of ultraviolet communications is carried, simulation results show that the fog will not only make ultraviolet communication system BER performance deterioration, but also make information transmission rate substantially lowered. In addition, to guarantee a certain system performance indicators, the average transmitted optical power will have higher requirements.
Design of Automation Calibration for RF Unit of Wireless Transceiver System
Authors: Huang Bin Wen , Jiao Yuan
Published: December 2013

Calibration of radio frequency (RF) unit is a must during researching and manufacturing of wireless transceiver system. Automation calibration plays an important role in promoting productivity effect. This paper focuses on the design of automation calibration of RF unit in wireless transceiver system. Design of automation calibration is separated by two parts, one is transmission (Tx) power calibration, the other is receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) calibration.
Design of Sound Bird-Scared Device Based on MP3
Authors: Niu Zhi Xiang , Liu Hua , Chang Ruo Kui , Jin Xue Feng , Yuan Yuan , Li Wen , Wang Yang
Published: December 2013

Agricultural bird damage problem has been a hot issue trouble all the time, how to not only protect the birds but also put the economic-threat to birds under economic threshold at the same time has become the focus to the current research. The system on the basis of Intelligent Voice--driving Bird Dispeller, puts forward the STC89C58RC/RD and single-chip microcomputer as the core, including SMS module, photosensitive module, AD convert module and MP3 audio module which is composing of a portable intelligent voice anti-Bird Device. The system detects the outside light intensity by the photosensitive module, and the GSM module receives the remote control signal which is from the GSM mobile phone, the MP3 module will be controlled by the power relay, the MP3 module receives the command, then PLAY/STOP the voice on U disk, which can achieve the driving field vermin. It is proved that the system is not only easy to operate, saving costs, but also make a profound difference to drive birds with good results by the field experiment. Meanwhile, as long as changing the sound file, the device can be applied to drive rats, drive wolves and other occasions.
Effect of Ageing Temperatures on the Transformation Behaviour of Ti-50.7at.%Ni Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Hastuti Kurnia , Hamzah Esah , Hashim Jasmi
Published: December 2013

Ti-50.7at.%Ni as one of Ni-rich TiNi shape memory alloy is very responsive to precipitation ageing treatment due to the formation of Ti3Ni4 precipitates. This study indicates that this alloy exhibits different transformation sequences under different ageing temperatures. Precipitation of Ti3Ni4 has introduced the formation of intermediate R-phase prior to martensitic transformation. The lack of 2-step R-phase transformation, B2→R1 and B2→R2 transformation in this alloy, suggested that Ti3Ni4 precipitation occurs homogeneously.
Effect of Elements Cerium and Lanthanum on Eutectic Solidification of Al-Si-Cu near Eutectic Cast Alloy
Authors: Asmael M.B.A. , Ahmad Roslee , Ourdjini Ali , Farahany S.
Published: December 2013

The properties of Al-Si-Cu cast alloys are strongly affected by eutectic Al-Si and Al-Cu phases. The characteristic parameters of these two phases with additions cerium 1wt % (Ce) and lanthanum1 wt % (La) were investigated in Al-11Si-2Cu near eutectic alloy using computer-aided cooling curve thermal analysis. As a result, the La additive showed the highest (TNAl-Si) while the Ce additive showed very little effect. In addition, the growth temperature (TGAl-Si) is decreased by adding Ce compared to the base alloy and La addition. Additives showed an increase of recalescence magnitude (TRAl-Si). Addition La and Ce increased the nucleation and growth temperature of Al-Cu phase. The microstructure analysis on the silicon morphology showed that 1 wt % La and 1 wt % Ce additions play refiner role in Al-Si-Cu near eutectic alloys. Findings are also confirmed by aspect ratio of eutectic silicon phase.
An Expert System for Life Prediction of Woven-Roving GFRE Closed End Thick Tube Subjected to Combined Bending Moments and Internal Hydrostatic Pressure Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Abouelwafa Mohamed N. , El-Gamal Hassan A. , Mohamed Yasser S. , Al-Tabey Wael A.
Published: December 2013

As the study of fatigue failure of composite materials needs a large number of experiments as well as long time, so there is a need for new computational technique to expand the spectrum of the results and to save time. The present work represents a new technique to predict the fatigue life of Woven Roving Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy (GFRE) subjected to combined completely reversed bending moments and internal hydrostatic pressure, with different pressure ratios (Pr) between the applied pressure and burst pressure equal to (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75). Two fiber orientations (θ), [0o,90o]3s and [±45o]3s are considered. Two neural network structures, feed-forward (FFNN) and generalized regression (GRNN), are designed, trained and tested. The groups of data considered are the maximum stress and the Pressure ratio with the different fiber orientation. On the other hand, more accurate prediction method is obtained by using a useful expert system which is designed to aid the designer to decide whether his suggested data for the composite structure is suitable or not. In this expert system a neural network is designed to consider the design data as input and to get yes or no as output. The results show the feed-forward neural network is better results than that given by the generalized regression neural network. The designed expert system helped the designer with reliable conclusions about his decision of the combination of the proposed data.
The Influence of γ-Irradiation on the Structure and Properties of the Cu-11.5 wt. % Al-4 wt. % Ni Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Saud Safaa N. , Hamzah Esah , Abubakar T. , Refaei Azadeh , Hosseinian Raheleh
Published: December 2013

This study investigated the influence of 60Co-γ-irradiation on the structure and properties of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys. The phase transformation temperatures were evaluated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). It was found that the γ-irradiation had a complex influence on the phase transformation parameters of Cu-Al-Ni SMAs. However, the transformation temperatures were shifted and a new curve was obtained after exposure to different irradiation doses. The thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy and entropy tended to increase/decrease depending on the amount of the exposure. The structural properties of the exposed samples were studied by using optical microscopy and hardness measurements at room temperature. It was also found that the structural-properties of the Cu-Al-Ni SMAs were completely affected by the amount of the applied γ-irradiation dose.
Vibration Analysis of Multi Stages Rotor for Blade Faults Diagnosis
Authors: Abdelrhman Ahmed M. , Leong M. Salman , Hee Lim Meng , Hui Kar Hoou
Published: December 2013

Blade fault is one of the most common faults in turbomachinery. In this article, a rotor system consists of multiple rows of blade was developed. The effectiveness of conventional FFT spectrum and wavelet analysis in the diagnosis of multi stage blade rubbing faults is examined at different stages, variety of blade fault conditions, and different blades rubbing severity. Blade fault caused impacts and the use of wavelets as analysis tool to detect the blade faults was studied. Results showed that, vibration spectrum can clearly depict the location and the stage of blade rubbing, while it is difficult to be identified in wavelet analysis. The limitations of wavelet analysis for multi stage blade fault diagnosis were identified. Some probable solutions to improve wavelet time-frequency representation in blade fault diagnosis were also presented.
Development of Microbial Metabolic Processes to Repair Concrete Joint Leakage
Authors: Kubo F. , Okazaki Shinichiro , Ujike Isao
Published: December 2013

This study proposes methods and examines the applicability of material generated from the metabolic processes of microorganisms to repair the leakage of concrete joints. Yeast was selected as the microorganism used for grout. The combination of yeast and a nutrition source with the largest amount of calcium carbonate extraction was found using the metabolic process of yeast. Calcium carbonate presence was determined by X-ray analysis. Water permeability of the concrete joint repaired with grout made from the largest yeast extraction was tested. From the results of the water permeability test, it is shown that grout made from the metabolic processes of yeast is capable of repairing a concrete joint.
Acquisition of Capillary Pore Structure by X-Ray CT and Visualization of Flow by Numerical Analysis
Authors: Shibata Maho , Okazaki Shinichiro , Ujike Isao
Published: December 2013

In concrete, air, water, and ions are passed mainly through pores inside the material. The purpose of this study is to visualize a flow in pore of the cement paste by a model based on the measurement. In this study, X-ray CT images are used to ascertain the pore structure. Using the X-ray, a CT image of cement paste specimens with two kinds of water/cement ratios (W/C) and a three-dimensional image of the pore structure are represented using about 2 μm voxel mesh. The voxel mesh is used as an analysis mesh in voxel finite element method (FEM) and seepage analysis. A typical pore model was taken out of the three-dimensional image of pore structure obtained by X-ray CT scanning and the fluid analysis was carried out by using the typical pore model.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking of Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Nur Ismarrubie Zahari , Loh K.W. , Yussof Hanafiah
Published: December 2013

The effect of the retrogression and reaging (RRA) heat treatment on the correlation between microstructure, mechanical properties and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of the 6061-T6 aluminium alloy in dry air and sprayed in 3.5% NaCl solution has been studied. The as-received T6 alloy was subjected to retrogression at temperature 200°C for 10 minutes, quenching for 30 seconds and reaging at temperature 180°C for 24 h. In this study, the effect of RRA on mechanical properties of the as-received 6061-T6 alloy was investigated by tensile test in air and sprayed in 3.5% NaCl solution. Alternate immersion preparation was conducted to expose the as-received 6061-T6 alloys and RRA heat treated alloys into the corrosive environment, 3.5% NaCl solution for 20 days. The susceptibility to SCC was investigated by direct tension stress-corrosion (DTSC) tests sprayed in a 3.5% NaCl solution at crosshead speed of 0.2 mm/min; the loss of elongation (ELloss) was taken into account for the susceptibility to SCC. Generally, the RRA heat treatment improves the mechanical properties including yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and ductility. On the other hand, the RRA heat treatment decreases the susceptibility to SCC.
Three-Dimensional Modelling and Finite Element Analysis of an Ankle External Fixator
Authors: Ramlee Muhammad Hanif , Kadir Mohammed Rafiq Abdul , Harun Habibollah
Published: December 2013

The use of ankle external fixator to treat pilon fracture Type III is popular amongst surgeons as it can reduce complications such as non-union and mal-union. Even though configurations of the connecting bars are important, the material also plays a major factor for a successful outcome. In this paper, the Delta external fixator with simulated ankle pilon fractures Type III were modelled and analysed under two different materials; titanium alloy and stainless steel. The finite element model includes tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, three cuneiforms and five metatarsals bone. To simulate the pilon fractures Type III, a cutting segment was utilised. The ligaments were assigned with linear spring properties and cartilages were modelled using Mooney-Rivlin hyper-elastic behaviour. The Delta external fixator was designed using a three-dimensional software with two different material properties - titanium alloy and stainless steel. High von Mises stress concentrated at the pin-bone interface with the highest value observed for the titanium fixation. The results also showed less deformation for the stainless steel compared to titanium.
A Well-Condition Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation Method for Heat Conduction Problems
Authors: Rana M. Sohel , Jeevan Kanesan , Harikrishnan Ramiah , Reza Ahmed Wasif
Published: December 2013

The well condition asymptotic waveform evaluation (WCAWE) is presented to solve heat conduction problem with different boundary conditions. The method introduced by R. D. Slone and his colleague to solve electromagnetic problems in the frequency domain. Specially, the novelty of this paper is: This is the first time WCAWE method is presented for thermal analysis, the method is presented for time-dependent problems. The general formulation procedure is given and various examples are solved to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed scheme. The results obtain in this work by using WCAWE method showed that, the WCAWE method successfully able to approximate the initial delay. Therefore, WCAWE method is able to remove the limitation of time domain AWE
The Effect of Cannulated Screw Placement Angle in the Management of Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: Ishak Muhammad Farhan , Kadir Mohammed Rafiq Abdul , Harun Habibollah , Abdul Rahman Shaifuzain
Published: December 2013

Fixation with cannulated screw was widely accepted for management of femoral neck fracture. However, the angle of placement cannulated screw for management of femoral neck fracture still controversial. The present study aims to investigate the mechanical behavior of the cannulated screws with two different angles of placements which are 135o and 150o in inverted triangular configuration for management of femoral neck fracture via finite element method. Therefore, the 3D model of a proximal femur consist of femoral neck fracture was constructed from CT data images using medical image processing software. The von Mises stress distributions on the cannulated screws were compared between each screw angle placement. The result showed that the cannulated screws in inverted triangle with 135o of placement angle have better stress distributions than 150o placement angle.
Evaluation of the Effect of Bismuth on Mg2Si Particulate Reinforced in Al-20%Mg2Si In Situ Composite
Authors: Nordin Nur Azmah , Farahany Saeed , Ourdjini Ali , Abubakar T. , Hamzah Esah
Published: December 2013

Al-Mg2Si in-situ composite as a class of advanced engineering materials has possessed better properties which enhanced them to be potential candidate to manufacture most of automotive and aerospace components. Melt treatment of the in-situ composite by addition of bismuth, Bi has resulted in a change of primary Mg2Si reinforcement to a refined morphology which would expect to improve mechanical properties of the composite. Characteristics parameters of Mg2Si particles have been investigated via thermal and microstructural analysis. It has revealed that 0.4wt.% Bi addition produced optimum refinement effect on the morphology since coarse structure has been change to polygon one and reduced most in size. The result also showed depression in nucleation temperature, TN and growth temperature, TG which also correspond to the refinement effect.
Tensile and Thermal Properties of Bambusa arundinacea and Dendrocalamus asper Culm Fibers
Authors: Ardhyananta Hosta , Abdul Fakhreza , Widyastuti Widyastuti , Sulistijono Sulistijono , Hassan Azman , Kurniawan Denni
Published: December 2013

Fibers from the culms of Bambusa arundinacea and Dendrocalamus asper were extracted mechanically and chemically treated using alkaline solution. Tensile and thermal properties of both bamboo fibers were examined. Tensile test on the bamboo fibers showed that Bambusa arundinacea fibers have higher strength and stiffness yet lower elongation than Dendrocalamus asper fibers. When the fibers were chemically treated, similar trend on tensile properties was observed but at lower magnitude compared to those shown by untreated fibers. Further characterization revealed that Bambusa arundinacea fibers are of higher fiber diameter and higher cellulose content compared to Dendrocalamus asper fibers. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that both fibers with same treatment have similar thermal stability, with chemically treated fibers are of higher thermal stability than untreated ones. The chemical treatment removed the lignin from the fiber structure, and affected tensile and thermal properties of both bamboos fibers.
XRD Investigations on Film Thickness and Substrate Temperature Effects of DC Magnetron Sputtered ZnO Films
Authors: Hoon Jian Wei , Chan Kah Yoong , Low Cheng Yang
Published: December 2013

In this paper, direct current plasma magnetron sputter deposition technique was employed to deposit zinc oxide (ZnO) films on glass substrates. The magnetron sputtering process parameters including film thickness and substrate temperature were investigated. The crystallite sizes of the ZnO films were extracted from the measured X-ray diffraction patterns. The correlation of the crystallite size of the ZnO films with the film thickness and the substrate temperature will be discussed in this paper.
In Vitro Analysis of Hydroxyapatite Coated Bio-Additive Manufactured Implant
Authors: Hariharan K. , Arumaikkannu G.
Published: December 2013

Additive Manufacturing (AM) - is a technology that fabricates the parts directly from 3D CAD model without the need of any process planning. The convergence of AM and life science has evolved into a new paradigm called Bio-Additive Manufacturing (BAM). In this paper, Hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was coated over the customized implant, which will serve as a good candidate for bone substitutes due to its chemical and structural similarity to bone. Computer Tomography (CT) scan data of human tibia bone was collected and stacked in MIMICS image processing software, which converts it into 3D data, then implant was fabricated using Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), an AM technique with polyamide powder. Hydroxyapatite powder was synthesized by wet chemical process and coated over implant using plasma spray coating machine. This coating will produce an intermediate region between the bone and the implant, which will stimulate the tissue growth and bone contact. Micrograph of coated and uncoated implant was analyzed using SEM and EDX. For In-Vitro study human mesenchymal cell was cultured over the coated implant. The viability and proliferation of the cells was studied by examining the morphology of the cell. Thus the implant was fabricated using SLS technique and coated with hydroxyapatite powder which exhibits a favorable and good response to enhance tissue growth.
The Effects of Solution Baths to the Microstructure and Thickness of Ni-Ti Plating by High Speed Plating
Authors: Zaimah N. , Hussain M.S.
Published: December 2013

It is difficult to obtain good adhesive property on the titanium surface. Thus, to plate metal on the titanium, oxide layer must be eliminated by using an intermediate pre-treatment. However, this process involves several steps and even then the level of addition between the plated metal and the titanium is poor. This paper presents the results of the thickness and morphology of nickel plating to titanium sample with the effects of the types of solutions. The morphology and thickness of nickel plated was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results show nickel sulphamate solution gave highest rate of plating compared to the other solutions while all chloride solution produces much fine grain structure. By using high speed electroplating and by maintaining a narrow gap between the anode and the cathode, it has been possible to electrodeposit Ni directly on Ti without any pre-treatment or even any conventional cleaning process before plating.
Characterization of Nigerian Clay as Porous Ceramic Material
Authors: Abubakar M. , Aliyu A.B. , Ahmad Norhayati
Published: December 2013

Porous ceramics were produced by compaction method of Nigerian clay and cassava starch. The samples were prepared by adding an amount from 5 to 30%wt of cassava starch into the clay and sintered at temperature of 900-1300°C. The influence of cassava starch content on the bulk density and apparent porosity was studied. The result of XRD and DTA/TGA shows that the optimum sintering temperature was found to be 1300°C. The percentage porosity increased from 12.87 to 43.95% while bulk density decreased from 2.16 to 1.46g/cm3 with the increase of cassava starch from 5 to 30%wt. The effect of sintering temperature and cassava starch content improved the microstructure in terms of porosity and the thermal properties of porous clay for various applications which requires a specific porosity.
Finite Element Simulation: The Effects of Loading Modes at Different Anatomical Sites of Trabecular Bone on Morphological Indices
Authors: Fatihhi Szali Januddi , Ardiyansyah Syahrom , Harun Muhamad Noor , Rabiatul A. Abdul Rahim , Jaafar Abdullah , Afriwardi Afriwardi
Published: December 2013

The relationship between morphological parameter and different type of loading orientation on elastic behavior and yielding of trabecular may provide insight towards osteoporotic bone losses during normal activities. This paper attempts to predict the elastic and failure behavior of different loading modes (tensile and compression) on anatomic sites and morphological indices through finite element (FE) simulation. Specimens extracted from bovine femoral trabecular bone were imaged using micro computed tomography (μCT). Morphological studies were done followed by FE analysis. Results demonstrated differences between yield behaviors on anatomic sites were reflected onto the morphological indices and the type of loading modes. The yield initiated earlier in rod-like than plate-like trabecular in both loading condition but showed different failure behavior in rod-like trabecular with small differences in maximum stress between tensile and compressive. However, in many cases, trabecular models tend to have oblique fracture pattern in all anatomic sites. Through these findings, improved prediction of elastic properties and yield behavior by computational means provide insight in the development of bone substitute material depending on the anatomic site as well as in osteoporotic bone pathological treatment to monitor losses in trabecular struts.
In Situ Detection of Partial Discharge Using Leakage Current, Fiber Optic Sensor and Piezoelectric Sensor Techniques
Authors: Yaacob Mohd Muhridza , Alsaedi Malik Abdulrazzaq
Published: December 2013

The partial discharge (PD) phenomenon is very harmful for electrical appliances and its early detection could be a cost effective approach for the industry. Although many techniques are used for PD detection yet no technique has presented widely acceptable solution. Still the subject needs parallel study of the detection techniques. In this study, partial discharge signal has been captured by the three techniques using fiber optic sensor (FOS), Piezoelectric Sensor (PZT), leakage current (LC) techniques. In these experiments, FOS shows good sensitivity in the range of applied high voltage > 5 kV. The sensitivity and noise level of PD signal was different in these two experiments.
Application of Vickers Indentation Cracking to the Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of very Thin Metallic Films
Authors: Nakamura Y.
Published: December 2013

Radial cracks formed in brittle materials by Vickers indentation were used as nanoscale tensile tests for very thin metallic films coated on the brittle substrates. For the purpose of evaluating the mechanical properties of the films, a fracture-mechanics-based model was proposed, in which the crack opening displacements (COD) of film/substrate crack systems were related with the plastic deformation and failure of the films. The application of this technique to gold film/glass substrate systems indicated the possibility of the measurement of mechanical properties of very thin metallic coatings with a thickness of several 10 nm.
Tensile Properties and Fatigue Strength in High Humidity in Extruded 7075 Al Alloys with Different Aging Conditions
Authors: Nakamura Y. , Kawagoishi Norio , Kariya K.
Published: December 2013

In the present study, the tensile and fatigue properties of extruded 7075 Al alloys subjected to re-solution treatment and then T6, T73 and retrogression-reaging (RRA) tempers were reassessed based upon the microstructural analyses by means of electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructural analyses indicated that fibrous grains having orientations close to <111> and <001> were preferentially aligned in the extrusion direction and that re-solution treatment increased the fraction of <111> grains. Further the as-received T6 specimens had very high dislocation density as well as fine subgrains, while the re-solution treatment decreased dislocation density considerably and increased grain size. These characteristics explained tensile properties well, by taking into account the effect of precipitates formed by tempers. On the other hand, fatigue strength decreased prominently in all of the specimens, as the relative humidity (RH) was increased from 25% to 85%. T73 and RRA treatments which improve the resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in static loading were not effective in the humidity-enhanced deterioration in fatigue strength.
Experimental Investigation on Free Vibration of Foam-Core Sandwich Plate with and without Circular Polymer Columns
Authors: Abdi Behzad , Azwan Syed , Amran Ayob , Rahman Roslan Abdul , Abdullah R.A.
Published: December 2013

Free vibration modes of foam-core sandwich plates with and without polymer columns were experimentally identified from frequency response tests. The responses were made at selected locations on the plate surface by attaching a single-axis accelerometer to measure out-of-plane response. Resonant frequencies, relative damping ratios and mode shapes were established for the lowest 3 out-of-plane modes found in the frequency range of 0-900 Hz. The results show that the vibration characteristics were affected by the sandwich structure configuration and material properties.
Study of Wear Prediction on Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Putra A.M.S. , Harun Muhamad Noor , Ardiyansyah Syahrom
Published: December 2013

Pre-clinical experimental wear testing is very effective to evaluate new ankle replacement in the aspect of design and material used. However, both cost and time can be one of the constraints factors, particularly in the early stage of design or analysis. Numerical method has been addressed as an alternative to predict wear on ankle replacement. The computational wear simulation has been widely used on the hip and knee but very less found in study related to wear analysis of the ankle. The purpose of this research is to develop computational simulation to predict wear on total ankle replacement (TAR). Three dimensional (3D) models of the right ankle TAR were developed using BOX total ankle replacement model. Mobile bearing device was developed consisting of three components tibial, bearing and talar. Each component has different design and purposes representing its physiological behaviour of the ankle. The ankle load applied was based on the joint reaction force profile at the ankle joint. This is to determine the distribution of contact stress on the meniscal bearing surfaces contact with talar component for 25 discrete instant during stance phase of gait cycle. The sliding distance was obtained from predominates motion of plantar/dorsi flexion. The computed linear wear depth and cumulative volumetric wear were 0.01614 mm per million cycles and 30.5 mm3, respectively. The values obtained were proven to be consistent with the previous in vitro result.
Quasi-Static Flexural and Indentation Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Sandwich Panel
Authors: Azwan Syed , Abdi Behzad , Yazid Yahya Mohd , Amran Ayob
Published: December 2013

Recently, Composite Sandwich Panel (CSP) technology considerably influenced the design and fabrication of high performance structures. Although using CSP increases the reliability of structure, the important concern is to understand the complex deformation and damage evolution process. This study is focused on the flexural and indentation behavior of CSP made of chopped strand mat glass fiber and polyester matrix as face sheets and polyurethane foam as foam core subject to flexural and indentation loading condition. A setup of three-point bending and indentation test is prepared using different strain rates of 1mm/min, 10mm/min, 100mm/min and 500mm/min to determine the effects of strain rate on flexural and indentation behavior of CSP material. The load-extension, stress-extension response and energy absorption of the panel show the relation between the flexural and indentation behavior of panels to strain rate as by increasing the strain rate, the flexural properties and the energy absorption of panel are increased.
Linear Elastic Analysis of Bovine Cortical Bone under Compression Loading
Authors: Ng Theng Pin , Koloor Seyed Saeid Rahimian , Djuansjah Joy Rizki Pangestu , Kadir Mohammed Rafiq Abdul
Published: December 2013

Linear elastic response of the bovine cortical bone has been examined under compression load. Experimental and computational methods were used to observe and predict the response of cortical bone. In computational method, two mechanical behaviors of isotropic and orthotropic were considered to simulate the cortical bone deformation. In experimental process, the specimens were designed to show maximum stiffness and strength by specifying osteon direction along loading axis during tests. The tests were controlled by displacement rate of 0.5 mm/minute and the overall stiffness responses of the structures were recorded to extract mechanical properties and also for validation aims. Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to model the linear response of the structure by using ABAQUS6.9EF. The FE results using orthotropic definition shows a good correlation with experimental data. A discussion was given based on overall stiffness and effective stress variation for both mechanical behaviors. In order to design the optimal implant structure, the presented study was proposed for prediction of bone structure deformation that attached to the orthopedic implants.
Maerogel: Alternative for Thermal Barrier Coating Topcoat
Authors: Zulkifli Intan Syaqirah Mohd , Yajid Muhammad Azizi Mat , Hamdan Halimaton , Muhid Mohd Nazlan Mohd
Published: December 2013

Thermal barrier coating (TBC) system has been developed for high temperature applications along with the used of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as topcoat. Recently, developing coating material made from nanoparticles is widely explored. Thus, maerogel could become a potential candidate for this purpose because it consists of nano porous particle with low in density and low in thermal conductivity. The coating is expected to improve the formation of thermally grown oxide (TGO), thermal stability and increase the insulating capability. However, maerogel need agglomeration process before coating can be made because of it has low mass and high specific area.
Study the Effect of Fluid Medium toward Synthetic Cancellous Bone Structure
Authors: Rabiatul A. Abdul Rahim , Fatihhi Szali Januddi , Ardiyansyah Syahrom , Harun Muhamad Noor , Jaafar Abdullah , Afriwardi Afriwardi
Published: December 2013

During daily activities, trabecular bone need to bear certain amount of load which also leads to movement of the bone marrow within the structure. The flow of the bone marrow within the trabecular bone structure cause the shear stress which affect the nutrient transport, the properties of the bone and also the bone fatigue life. The aim of this paper is to simulate the trabecular structure using FSI approach in order to study the effect of the fluid flow to the structure. In this study, idealized model with 50% of porosity was used in the simulation and 1mm displacement applied on top of the model. Three different types of analysis were used in order to differentiate between CFD, CSM and FSI results. The results showed significant value between these analyses was concluded that FSI approaches is the best to mimic the real body condition.
Hydrogen Adsorption of Carbon Nanocone Arrays: Influences of Cone Arrangements
Authors: Chang I Ling , Liao Ming Liang , Chuang Chi Hsiang
Published: December 2013

This paper used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate influences of cone arrangements (including the cone orientation, arrangement pattern and cone spacing) on hydrogen adsorption of open-tip carbon nanocone (CNC) arrays at temperatures of 100 and 300 K. To consider curvature effects for the cone structure of the CNCs, the curvature-modified Lennard-Jones potential parameters were adopted to describe the interactions between the hydrogen and carbon atoms. It was found that the cone orientation (aligned, opposite, and alternate) does not have obvious influences on hydrogen adsorption of the CNC arrays. The arrangement pattern (square and triangular), however, had significant influences on the hydrogen adsorption. The square-patterned CNC array was noticed to have higher storage weight percentage than the triangular-patterned one. Regarding to the influences of cone spacing, the storage weight percentage grew with the increase of the cone spacing and arrived at a stable value as the cone spacing reached a certain critical value. The influences cone arrangements could be ascribed to repulsive effects, which are evident as cone spacing become narrow.