bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new model for assessing the role of customer behavior history, product classification, and prices on the success of the recommender systems in e-commerce
Authors: Wakil Karzan , Alyari Fatemeh , Ghasvari Mahdi , Lesani Zahra , Rajabion Lila
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a new method for evaluating the success of the recommender systems based on customer history, product classification and prices criteria in the electronic commerce. To evaluate the validity of the model, the structural equation modeling technique is employed.

Design/methodology/approach

A method has been suggested to evaluate the impact of customer history, product classification and prices on the success of the recommender systems in electronic commerce. After that, the authors investigated the relationship between these factors. To achieve this goal, the structural equation modeling technique was used for statistical conclusion validity. The results of gathered data from employees of a company in Iran is indicated the impact of the customer history on the success of recommender systems in e-commerce which is related with the user profile, expert opinion, neighbors, loyalty and clickstream. These factors positively influence the success of recommender systems in ecommerce.

Findings

The obtained results demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed model in term of the success of the recommender systems in the electronic commerce.

Originality/value

In this paper, the effective factors of success of recommender systems in electronic commerce are pointed out and the approach to increase the efficiency of this system is applied into a practical example.
Advancing reputation measurement: evolving toward improved quantitative assessments
Authors: Horn Richard , Wagner Ralf
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence on the information-gathering deficits in contemporary reputation measurement that are rooted in sampling and to obtain supporting information from respondents from various stakeholder groups.

Design/methodology/approach

In regard to social emergence theory, the authors examine the common practice of aggregating reputational judgments from randomly sampled respondents without considering their knowledge domains. A stereotyping experiment conducted in three countries provides evidence that lower-level reputations might vary, whereas higher-level reputations resulting from the social emergence process do not vary.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that researchers should consider respondents’ heterogeneity in regard to reputation measurement. Stakeholder judgments divergent from their domains of expertise often add noise, instead of informative answers, to the reputational categories.

Research limitations/implications

The social emergence process, in addition to the roles of the stakeholders, their interaction structures and the timing of their communication, needs to be incorporated into an improved reputation measurement method.

Practical implications

Not all information from the same respondent should be considered when computing a final reputation score. Respondents’ heterogeneity is revealed to be fundamental for reputational assessments.

Originality/value

This study is original in its examination of the validity of reputation assessment being restricted to lower-level descriptions of the supervenience relation. Building upon the results of the experiment conducted in three national framings, this paper suggests ways to improve reputation measurement.
Effect of print orientation on microstructural features and mechanical properties of 3D porous structures printed with continuous digital light processing
Authors: Navarro Javier , Din Matthew , Janes Morgan Elizabeth , Swayambunathan Jay , Fisher John P. , Dreher Maureen L.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to study the effects of part orientation during the 3D printing process, particularly to the case of using continuous digital light processing (cDLP) technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The effects of print orientation on the print accuracy of microstructural features were assessed using microCT imaging and mechanical properties of cDLP microporous scaffolds were characterized under simple compression and complex biaxial loading. Resin viscosity was also quantified to incorporate this factor in the printing discussion.

Findings

The combined effect of print resin viscosity and the orientation and spacing of pores within the structure alters how uncrosslinked resin flows within the construct during cDLP printing. Microstructural features in horizontally printed structures exhibited greater agreement to the design dimensions than vertically printed constructs. While cDLP technologies have the potential to produce mechanically isotropic solid constructs because of bond homogeneity, the effect of print orientation on microstructural feature sizes can result in structurally anisotropic porous constructs.

Originality/value

This work is useful to elucidate on the specific capabilities of 3D printing cDLP technology. The orientation of the part can be used to optimize the printing process, directly altering parameters such as the supporting structures required, print time, layering, shrinkage or surface roughness. This study further detailed the effects on the mechanical properties and the print accuracy of the printed scaffolds.
Climate change and women in South Asia: a review and future policy implications
Authors: Patel Sangram Kishor , Agrawal Gopal , Mathew Bincy , Patel Sunita , Mohanty Biswajit , Singh Abhishek
Published: August 2019

Purpose

South Asian region is a focal point owing to its vulnerabilities to climate-sensitive diseases, dependence on climate-sensitive livelihoods, projected levels of crop decline in the region, and high rates of poverty and malnutrition. Women are particularly vulnerable to climate change and this affects women disproportionately during different extreme events. The purpose of this paper is to understand the issue of climate change and its impact, and climate resilience among women in South Asia. Further, it also identifies the gaps and suggests future policy implications.

Design/methodology/approach

Climate change is increasingly being recognised as an alarming issue and the present review is important when South Asian countries are facing the brunt of climate change impacts. This paper tries to understand the issue by review of the literature and conceptual framework methodology. To understand women’s vulnerability due to climate change and its aftermath, the authors conducted both offline and online desk reviews for this study.

Findings

The findings of this study show a clear linkage between climate change and women’s vulnerabilities in South Asia. Climate change has significant socio-economic impacts on women, and it affects them disproportionately in various domains of agriculture, livelihood, food security, both physical and mental health, water and sanitation in the South Asia region.

Practical implications

The paper also highlights that the programmes that aim at combating the effects of climate change require a gender-sensitive approach so that climate change does not obstruct the development and reduction of poverty in the region.

Social implications

The findings of this paper will add value in helping families to come out of poverty by undertaking adaptive measures with proactive assistance from the government and grassroots level organisations.

Originality/value

The present study also advocates for more gender- and climate-sensitive measures from governments, and implementation of intervention- and evidence-based research in the South Asian countries.
Breadth of the thermal response captures individual and geographic variation in temperature‐dependent sex determination
Authors: Carter Anna L. , Bodensteiner Brooke L. , Iverson John B. , Milne‐Zelman Carrie L. , Mitchell Timothy S. , Refsnider Jeanine M. , Warner Daniel A. , Janzen Fredric J.
Published: August 2019

Population‐scale responses of key ecological traits to local environmental conditions provide insight into their adaptive potential. In species with temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD), short‐term, individual developmental responses to the incubation environment have long‐term consequences for populations.

We took a model‐based approach to study within‐ and among‐population variation in the physiological components of TSD in 12 populations of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). We used laboratory and field incubation data to quantify variation in thermal reaction norms at both population and clutch scales, focusing on the pivotal temperature that produces a 1:1 sex ratio (P) and the transitional range of incubation temperatures (TRTs) that produce mixed sex ratios.

Defying theoretical expectations, among‐population variation in P was not convincingly explained by geography or local thermal conditions. However, within some populations, P varied by >5°C at the clutch scale, indicating that the temperature sensitivity of gonadal differentiation can vary substantially among individual nesting females. In addition, the TRT was wider at lower latitudes, suggesting responsiveness to local incubation conditions.

Our results provide a potential explanation for discrepancies observed between constant‐temperature experimental results and outcomes of fluctuating incubation conditions experienced in natural nests, exposing important knowledge gaps in our understanding of local adaptation in TSD and identifying shortcomings of traditional laboratory studies. Understanding individual variation and the timing of gonadal differentiation is likely to be far more useful in understanding local adaptation than previously acknowledged.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Resistance of the oyster pathogen Vibrio tasmaniensis LGP32 against grazing by Vannella sp. marine amoeba involves Vsm and CopA virulence factors
Authors: Robino Etienne , Poirier Aurore C. , Amraoui Hajar , Le Bissonnais Sandra , Perret Angélique , Lopez‐Joven Carmen , Auguet Jean‐Christophe , Rubio Tristan P. , Cazevieille Chantal , Rolland Jean‐Luc , Héchard Yann , Destoumieux‐Garzón Delphine , Charrière Guillaume M.
Published: August 2019

Vibrios are ubiquitous in marine environments and opportunistically colonize a broad range of hosts. Strains of Vibrio tasmaniensis present in oyster farms can thrive in oysters during juvenile mortality events and behave as facultative intracellular pathogen of oyster haemocytes. Herein, we wondered whether V. tasmaniensis LGP32 resistance to phagocytosis is specific to oyster immune cells or contributes to resistance to other phagocytes, like marine amoebae. To address this question, we developed an integrative study, from the first description of amoeba diversity in oyster farms to the characterization of LGP32 interactions with amoebae. An isolate of the Vannella genus, Vannella sp. AP1411, which was collected from oyster farms, is ubiquitous, and belongs to one clade of Vannella that could be found associated with Vibrionaceae. LGP32 was shown to be resistant to grazing by Vannella sp. AP1411 and this phenotype depends on some previously identified virulence factors: secreted metalloprotease Vsm and copper efflux p‐ATPase CopA, which act at different steps during amoeba–vibrio interactions, whereas some other virulence factors were not involved. Altogether, our work indicates that some virulence factors can be involved in multi‐host interactions of V. tasmaniensis ranging from protozoans to metazoans, potentially favouring their opportunistic behaviour.
Advertising, Earnings Prediction and Market Value: An Analysis of Persistent UK Advertisers
Authors: Shah Syed Zulfiqar Ali , Akbar Saeed , Ahmad Sardar , Stark Andrew W.
Published: August 2019

This paper examines whether major media advertising expenditures help in predicting future earnings. We consider the role of media advertising in firms’ marketing efforts and posit that persistent advertisers are more likely to benefit from advertising activities in creating long‐lived intangible assets. Employing a sample of persistent UK advertisers over the period 1997–2013, we find that advertising expenditures are significantly positively associated with firms’ future earnings and market value. We also report size and sector‐based differences in the association between advertising and firms’ future earnings. Our additional analysis provides support for the arguments that despite the recent rise in digital advertising budgets, traditional advertising media are still effective in positively influencing firms’ performance. Overall, the results of this study are consistent with the view that advertising expenditures produce intangible assets, at least for firms in certain sectors. These findings have implications for marketers in providing evidence of the value generated by firms’ advertising budgets, for investors in validating the relevance of advertising information in influencing future earnings, and for accounting regulators in relation to the provision of useful insights for any future deliberations on financial reporting policies for advertising expenditures.
Association between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and risk of preterm delivery: the Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Ikehara S , Kimura T , Kakigano A , Sato T , Iso H ,   the Japan Environment Children's Study Group
Published: August 2019

Objective

To examine the association between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the risk of preterm delivery.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Setting

The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).

Population

A total of 94 349 singleton pregnancies.

Methods

Participants completed questionnaires detailing alcohol consumption during the first trimester and during the second and third trimesters. Participants were divided into four categories according to alcohol consumption (non‐drinkers, consumers of 1–149 g, 150–299 g and ≥300 g ethanol/week). We examined the effect of alcohol consumption during different stages of pregnancy on the risk of preterm delivery. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI were calculated relative to non‐drinkers using logistic regression.

Main outcome measures

Medical record‐based preterm delivery.

Results

Alcohol consumption during the second and third trimesters, but not during the first trimester, was associated with increased risk of preterm delivery. Heavy alcohol consumption (≥300 g ethanol/week) during the second and third trimesters was associated with a four‐fold higher risk compared with non‐drinkers (multivariable OR 4.52; 95% CI 1.68–12.2). Light alcohol consumption (1–149 g ethanol/week) tended to be associated with lower risk of preterm delivery (multivariable OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.60–1.00).

Conclusions

Heavy alcohol consumption during the second and third trimesters was associated with increased risk of preterm delivery among pregnant women.

Tweetable abstract

Heavy drinking during pregnancy may increase the risk of preterm delivery.
Trends in Substance Use by Gender Among Participants in a Jail‐Based Substance Use Disorder Treatment Program: 1998–2016
Authors: Bello Jennifer K. , Hearing Catherine , Salas Joanne , Weinstock Jeremiah , Linhorst Donald
Published: August 2019

Understanding trends in substance use by gender among jail‐based treatment program participants can inform policies and programs tailored to this population. Preprogram assessment data from 3509 individuals entering a jail‐based substance use disorder treatment program in Missouri between 1998 and 2016 were analyzed. Primary outcome was program participants’ strongly preferred substances. Demographic covariates and drug preferences were compared between males and females. Average yearly trends in preferred substances were calculated. While 25.8% of the sample preferred heroin, it was more strongly preferred by women (36.4%) than men (22.0%, p < 0.0001). Alcohol and marijuana were preferred more by males. Overall, preferences for heroin and methamphetamine increased over time while alcohol, marijuana, and other stimulants decreased. Women being more likely to prefer heroin and the increasing preference for heroin over time are consistent with national trends. Offering evidence‐based treatment like pharmacotherapy and gender‐sensitive approaches can help address the needs of this vulnerable population.
Harnessing biocompatible chemistry for developing improved and novel microbial cell factories
Authors: Liu Jian‐Ming , Solem Christian , Jensen Peter Ruhdal
Published: August 2019

White biotechnology relies on the sophisticated chemical machinery inside living cells for producing a broad range of useful compounds in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way. However, despite the impressive repertoire of compounds that can be generated using white biotechnology, this approach cannot currently fully replace traditional chemical production, often relying on petroleum as a raw material. One challenge is the limited number of chemical transformations taking place in living organisms. Biocompatible chemistry, that is non‐enzymatic chemical reactions taking place under mild conditions compatible with living organisms, could provide a solution. Biocompatible chemistry is not a novel invention, and has since long been used by living organisms. Examples include Fenton chemistry, used by microorganisms for degrading plant materials, and manganese or ketoacids dependent chemistry used for detoxifying reactive oxygen species. However, harnessing biocompatible chemistry for expanding the chemical repertoire of living cells is a relatively novel approach within white biotechnology, and it could potentially be used for producing valuable compounds which living organisms otherwise are not able to generate. In this mini review, we discuss such applications of biocompatible chemistry, and clarify the potential that lies in using biocompatible chemistry in conjunction with metabolically engineered cell factories for cheap substrate utilization, improved cell physiology, efficient pathway construction and novel chemicals production.
A Personal View of the Evolution of the Accounting Professoriate
Authors: Zeff Stephen A.
Published: August 2019

The first three‐quarters of this paper are a review and analysis of the evolution of the accounting research environment, primarily in the United States but also with respect to Canada, from the 1960s to the present time. The final quarter of the paper consists of a critique of contemporary approaches to accounting research as well as recommendations for reform.
Late‐onset retinal degeneration pathology due to mutations in CTRP5 is mediated through HTRA1
Authors: Chekuri Anil , Zientara‐Rytter Katarzyna , Soto‐Hermida Angel , Borooah Shyamanga , Voronchikhina Marina , Biswas Pooja , Kumar Virender , Goodsell David , Hayward Caroline , Shaw Peter , Stanton Chloe , Garland Donita , Subramani Suresh , Ayyagari Radha
Published: August 2019

Late‐onset retinal degeneration (L‐ORD) is an autosomal dominant macular degeneration characterized by the formation of sub‐retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) deposits and neuroretinal atrophy. L‐ORD results from mutations in the C1q‐tumor necrosis factor‐5 protein (CTRP5), encoded by the CTRP5/C1QTNF5 gene. To understand the mechanism underlying L‐ORD pathology, we used a human cDNA library yeast two‐hybrid screen to identify interacting partners of CTRP5. Additionally, we analyzed the Bruch's membrane/choroid (BM‐Ch) from wild‐type (Wt), heterozygous S163R Ctrp5 mutation knock‐in (Ctrp5S163R/wt), and homozygous knock‐in (Ctrp5S163R/S163R) mice using mass spectrometry. Both approaches showed an association between CTRP5 and HTRA1 via its C‐terminal PDZ‐binding motif, stimulation of the HTRA1 protease activity by CTRP5, and CTRP5 serving as an HTRA1 substrate. The S163R‐CTRP5 protein also binds to HTRA1 but is resistant to HTRA1‐mediated cleavage. Immunohistochemistry and proteomic analysis showed significant accumulation of CTRP5 and HTRA1 in BM‐Ch of Ctrp5S163R/S163R and Ctrp5S163R/wt mice compared with Wt. Additional extracellular matrix (ECM) components that are HTRA1 substrates also accumulated in these mice. These results implicate HTRA1 and its interaction with CTRP5 in L‐ORD pathology.
A serum protein signature of APOE genotypes in centenarians
Authors: Sebastiani Paola , Monti Stefano , Morris Melody , Gurinovich Anastasia , Toshiko Tanaka , Andersen Stacy L. , Sweigart Benjamin , Ferrucci Luigi , Jennings Lori L. , Glass David J. , Perls Thomas T.
Published: August 2019

The discovery of treatments to prevent or delay dementia and Alzheimer's disease is a priority. The gene APOE is associated with cognitive change and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease, and epidemiological studies have provided strong evidence that the e2 allele of APOE has a neuroprotective effect, it is associated with increased longevity and an extended healthy lifespan in centenarians. In this study, we correlated APOE genotype data of 222 participants of the New England Centenarian Study, including 75 centenarians, 82 centenarian offspring, and 65 controls, comprising 55 carriers of APOE e2, with aptamer‐based serum proteomics (SomaLogic technology) of 4,785 human proteins corresponding to 4,137 genes. We discovered a signature of 16 proteins that associated with different APOE genotypes and replicated the signature in three independent studies. We also show that the protein signature tracks with gene expression profiles in brains of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease versus healthy controls. Finally, we show that seven of these proteins correlate with cognitive function patterns in longitudinally collected data. This analysis in particular suggests that Baculoviral IAP repeat containing two (BIRC2) is a novel biomarker of neuroprotection that associates with the neuroprotective allele of APOE. Therefore, targeting APOE e2 molecularly may preserve cognitive function.
NOP Receptor Antagonists Decrease Alcohol Drinking in the Dark in C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Brunori Gloria , Weger Michelle , Schoch Jennifer , Targowska‐Duda Katarzyna , Barnes Megan , Borruto Anna Maria , Rorick‐Kehn Linda M. , Zaveri Nurulain T. , Pintar John E. , Ciccocioppo Roberto , Toll Lawrence , Cippitelli Andrea
Published: August 2019

Background

The nociceptin/orphanin FQ opioid peptide (NOP) receptor and its endogenous ligand N/OFQ have been implicated in the regulation of drug and alcohol use disorders (AUD). In particular, evidence demonstrated that NOP receptor activation blocks reinforcing and motivating effects of alcohol across a range of behavioral measures, including alcohol intake, conditioned place preference, and vulnerability to relapse.

Methods

Here, we show the effects of pharmacological activation and inhibition of NOP receptors on binge‐like alcohol consumption, as measured by the “drinking in the dark” (DID) model in C57BL/6J mice.

Results

We found that 2 potent and selective NOP agonists AT‐202 (0, 0.3, 1, 3 mg/kg) and AT‐312 (0, 0.3, 1 mg/kg) did not affect binge alcohol drinking at doses that do not affect locomotor activity. AT‐202 also failed to alter DID behavior when administered to mice previously exposed to chronic alcohol treatment with an alcohol‐containing liquid diet. Conversely, treatment with either the high affinity NOP receptor antagonist SB‐612111 (0, 3, 10, 30 mg/kg) or the selective antagonist LY2817412 (0, 3, 10, 30 mg/kg) decreased binge drinking. SB‐612111 was effective at all doses examined, and LY2817412 was effective at 30 mg/kg. Consistently, NOP receptor knockout mice consumed less alcohol compared to wild type. SB‐612111 reduced DID and increased sucrose consumption at doses that do not appear to affect locomotor activity. However, the high dose of SB‐612111 (30 mg/kg) reduced alcohol intake but failed to inhibit preference in a 2‐bottle choice DID model that can assess moderate alcohol intake.

Conclusions

The present results suggest that NOP receptor inhibition rather than activation may represent a valuable approach for treatment of AUD characterized by excessive alcohol consumption such as binge drinking.
Impaired Bidirectional Synaptic Plasticity in Juvenile Offspring Following Prenatal Ethanol Exposure
Authors: Fontaine Christine J. , Pinar Cristina , Yang Waisley , Pang Angela F. , Suesser Konrad E. , Choi James S. J. , Christie Brian R.
Published: August 2019

Background

The hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to the teratogenic effects of prenatal ethanol exposure (PNEE), and hippocampal structural and functional deficits are thought to contribute to the learning and memory deficits that are a hallmark feature of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Methods

Sprague Dawley dams were exposed to a liquid diet that contained EtOH (35.5% EtOH‐derived calories) throughout gestation, and then, PNEE juvenile (P21‐28) male and female offspring were used for in vitro electrophysiological recordings. We examined long‐term potentiation (LTP), long‐term depression (LTD), and depotentiation in the medial perforant path input to the dentate gyrus (DG) to determine the impact of PNEE on the dynamic range of bidirectional synaptic plasticity in both sexes.

Results

PNEE reduced the responsiveness of the DGs of male but not in female offspring, and this effect was no longer apparent when GABAergic signaling was inhibited. There was also a sex‐specific LTD impairment in males, but increasing the duration of the conditioning stimulus could overcome this deficit. The magnitude of LTP was also reduced, but in both sexes following PNEE. This appears to be an increase in the threshold for induction, not in capacity, as the level of LTP induced in PNEE animals was increased to control levels when additional conditioning stimuli were administered.

Conclusions

These data are the first to describe, in a single study, the impact of PNEE on the dynamic range of bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the juvenile DG in both males and in females. The data suggest that PNEE increases the threshold for LTP in the DG in both sexes, but produces a sex‐specific increase in the threshold for LTD in males These alterations reduce the dynamic range for synaptic plasticity in both sexes.
Intelligence Test Scores Before and After Alcohol‐Related Disorders—A Longitudinal Study of Danish Male Conscripts
Authors: Grønkjær Marie , Flensborg‐Madsen Trine , Osler Merete , Sørensen Holger Jelling , Becker Ulrik , Mortensen Erik Lykke
Published: August 2019

Background

Existing studies on intellectual consequences of alcohol‐related disorders are primarily cross‐sectional and compare intelligence test scores of individuals with and without alcohol‐related disorders, hence mixing the influence of alcohol‐related disorders and predisposing factors such as premorbid intelligence. In this large‐scale study, the primary aim was to estimate associations of alcohol‐related disorders with changes in intelligence test scores from early adulthood to late midlife.

Methods

Data were drawn from a follow‐up study on middle‐aged men, which included a re‐examination of the same intelligence test as completed in young adulthood at military conscription (total analytic sample = 2,499). Alcohol‐related hospital diagnoses were obtained from national health registries, whereas treatment for alcohol problems was self‐reported at follow‐up. The analyses included adjustment for year of birth, retest interval, baseline intelligence quotient (IQ) score, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, and psychiatric and somatic comorbidity.

Results

Individuals with alcohol‐related hospital diagnoses (8%) had a significantly lower baseline IQ score (95.0 vs. 100.5, p < 0.001) and a larger decline in IQ scores from baseline to follow‐up (−8.5 vs. −4.8, p < 0.001) than individuals without such diagnoses. The larger decline in IQ scores with alcohol‐related hospital diagnoses remained statistically significant after adjustment for all the covariates. Similar results were revealed when IQ scores before and after self‐reported treatment for alcohol problems (10%) were examined.

Conclusions

Individuals with alcohol‐related disorders have a lower intelligence test score both in young adulthood and in late midlife, and these disorders, moreover, seem to be associated with more age‐related decline in intelligence test scores. Thus, low mean intellectual ability observed in individuals with alcohol‐related disorders is probably a result of both lower premorbid intelligence and more intellectual decline.
Comparison of psychiatric comorbidity in treatment‐seeking, opioid‐dependent patients with versus without chronic pain
Authors: Higgins Cassie , Smith Blair H. , Matthews Keith
Published: August 2019

Aim

To compare psychiatric morbidity in treatment‐seeking, opioid‐dependent patients with versus without chronic pain.

Design

A retrospective comparative cohort design was used involving record linkage from routinely collected, nationally held data sets. Data were managed within a Scottish Government‐certified Safe Haven.

Setting and participants

Participants comprised all patients of an NHS Substance Misuse Service in the East of Scotland (n = 467) who were in treatment during 2005 and had been in treatment for varying lengths of time. Their mean age at study inception was 35.0 years in the chronic pain group and 32.1 years; 68% of the chronic pain group and 74% of the no pain group were male.

Measurements

The outcomes were (a) psychiatric comorbidity assessed at study inception using the 28‐item General Health Questionnaire and the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation—Outcome Measure and (b) receipt of at least one prescription for a psychiatric condition during a 5‐year period following study inception. The independent variable was chronic pain measured at study inception using the Brief Pain Inventory—Short Form.

Findings

A total of 246 (52.7%) reported chronic pain and 221 (47.3%) did not. A higher proportion of patients with chronic pain had at least one psychiatric morbidity (62.4 versus 46.3%, P < 0.001). At the study inception, a higher proportion of patients with chronic pain were prescribed anxiolytics (49.0 versus 39.1%, P = 0.015) and antimanic drugs (9.9 compared with 4.9%, P = 0.015).

Conclusions

Patients of opioid treatment services in Scotland who report chronic pain may have a higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity than those who do not.
Association between experience of racial discrimination and hazardous alcohol use among Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Winter Taylor , Riordan Benjamin C. , Surace Anthony , Scarf Damian
Published: August 2019

Aims

To test whether there is a positive association between experience of racial discrimination and hazardous alcohol use among New Zealand Māori and whether racial discrimination mediates hazardous alcohol use in this group.

Design

A cross‐sectional mediation analysis using a stratified and nationally representative cross‐sectional health survey collected from 2016 to 2017 in New Zealand.

Setting

New Zealand.

Participants

We used data from 9884 participants who identified as New Zealand European (7341; 56.9% female) or Māori (2543; 60.5% female) in the 2016–17 New Zealand Health Survey.

Measurements

We included reports from demographic items (sex, age, ethnicity), the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and experiences of past year discrimination. We conducted mediation analysis with Māori identification as the predictor, hazardous drinking as the binary outcome (0 = AUDIT score less than 8, 1 = 8+) and discrimination as the binary mediator (0 = no discrimination, 1 = experienced racial discrimination). Age, sex and deprivation index were included as covariates.

Findings

Māori were more likely to experience discrimination than New Zealand Europeans, and both Māori identification and experiencing discrimination were associated with elevated levels of hazardous alcohol use, P < 0.05. The association between Māori ethnicity on hazardous drinking was partially mediated by discrimination (34.7%, 95% confidence interval 9.70%, 59.60%).

Conclusion

The association between Māori ethnicity and hazardous drinking in New Zealand may be partially mediated by experience of discrimination.
The golden hour of polymyxin B hemoperfusion in endotoxic shock: The basis for sequential extracorporeal therapy in sepsis
Authors: De Rosa Silvia , Villa Gianluca , Ronco Claudio
Published: August 2019

Endotoxin is recognized as a major trigger of the immune response leading to pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine release, activation of the coagulation cascade, vasoplegic shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. A beneficial effect could be achieved through extracorporeal adsorption of circulating endotoxins in the blood as adjunctive treatment for unresponsive endotoxic shock. However, the precise clinical indication for its initiation is widely debated in the literature. Similar to the source control, microbiological cultures and antibiotics administration, endotoxin activity assay evaluation at regular intervals, and the targeted use of PMX‐B hemoperfusion could be lifesaving and adequate within the golden hour for the diagnosis and treatment of endotoxic shock.
Correlations between ocular biometrics and refractive error: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gaurisankar Zoraida S. , van Rijn Gwyneth A. , Lima José Eduardo E. , Ilgenfritz Antonio P. , Cheng Yanny , Haasnoot Geert W. , Luyten Gregorius P.M. , Beenakker Jan‐Willem M.
Published: August 2019

The understanding of correlations between different biometric parameters is essential for personalized eye care in the field of cataract and refractive surgery. This systematic review offers a clear overview of the previous literature assessing these correlations including a meta‐analysis. The review is focused on the following five correlations: (1) axial length and refractive error; (2) anterior chamber depth and refractive error; (3) axial length and anterior chamber depth; (4) corneal power and refractive error; (5) corneal power and axial length. An expected strong correlation between axial length and refractive error was found. Correlations including corneal power were weak and might be clinically insignificant.
Amphiphilic additives in silicone oil tamponade and emulsification: an eye‐on‐a‐chip study
Authors: Lu Yongjie , Chan Yau Kei , Lau Long Hei , Wong David , Wong Jasper Ka Wai , Shih Kendrick Co , Lai Shiu Ming , Shum Ho Cheung
Published: August 2019

Aims

Recently, chemically modified silicone oil has been demonstrated as a reservoir for sustained release of intraocular drugs, many of which might be amphiphilic in nature. In this work, we study the effect of amphiphilic additives in silicone oil on emulsification under eye‐like movements.

Methods

Three silicone‐oil‐soluble surfactants, namely DC749, MQ1640 and FZ2233, were used as model amphiphilic additives. The change of viscosity was measured by a rheometer in the cone‐and‐plate geometry. The interfacial tension (IFT) between silicone oil and model aqueous phase was measured by pendant drop tensiometry. Emulsification of silicone oil was induced by simulated saccadic eye movements on a cell‐coated eye‐on‐a‐chip platform for 4 days. The number of emulsified silicone oil droplets observed in the aqueous phase was assessed daily by optical microscopy.

Results

Significantly more emulsified droplets were formed in silicone oil with DC749 or MQ1640 (P < 0.05). However, such increase was not directly related to the change in IFT nor viscosity. Moreover, water droplets were also found in the silicone oil, but not in the control silicone oil without additive.

Conclusions

The amphiphilic substances in silicone oil promoted emulsification. Besides typical oil‐in‐water drops that normally affect the eye, water‐in‐oil drops were also formed. Before silicone oil could be considered as a vehicle for drug delivery, the nature of the drug and its possible effect on emulsification and therefore on the pharmacokinetics needs to be investigated. An additional concern is that water‐in‐oil droplets in the eye would affect the optical clarity of silicone oil and might cause visual symptoms.
Justification for reassessing elemental analysis data of ceramics, sediments and lithics using rare earth element concentrations and ratios
Authors: Hancock R. G. V. , Michelaki K. , Mahaney W. C. , Aufreiter S.
Published: August 2019

The mensuration of multi‐elemental concentrations from assorted archaeological materials has always required great care and attention to detail to ensure good‐quality data and their ensuing interpretations. Although most suspect data were generated before the wide use of computers, error‐free data are not still a certainty. This paper presents the geochemical rationale for a proposed chemical data‐assessment process, using a globally dispersed collection of ceramic, sediment and lithic data. It is argued that this process can allow archaeologists and archaeometrists to investigate systematically older and current data sets and, if need be, alter them to the reliable values they were originally intended to include.
Multi‐source research designs on ethical leadership: A literature review
Authors: Magalhães Anabela , dos Santos Nuno Rebelo , Pais Leonor
Published: August 2019

The aim of this article is to undertake a systematic literature review (SLR) of empirical research that uses multi‐source methods for collecting data about Ethical Leadership (EL). Research on this sensitive subject benefits from the inclusion of data from more than one source, in order to be better supported, and thus contribute to a deeper understanding of leadership and business ethics issues. The search strategy retrieved a total of 50 multi‐source empirical studies on the topic of EL, published until December 2017. This SLR shows that (a) research on EL has focused mostly on the perceptions of followers, possibly because they are the most accessible target of its outcomes, thus restricting the scope of this body of research; (b) EL is studied mainly through consideration of its consequences, a restriction that hinders explanation of the causal processes involved in ethical leadership, which remains a research arena in need of development. The systematic inclusion of other stakeholders in multi‐source methods is advanced as a way to further develop the field.
Bertrand versus Cournot competition in a downstream mixed oligopoly with foreign ownership
Authors: Lee Ki‐Dong , Choi Sunghee , Choi Kangsik
Published: August 2019

Focusing on foreign ownership in the private firm, we examine the Cournot‐Bertrand comparison in a mixed oligopolistic market with vertical market structure. We have found that if public and private firms were charged with uniform price for their inputs, then Cournot‐Bertrand ranking in market outcomes confirms those obtained by Ghosh and Mitra (2010). This implies that under uniform pricing in the upstream sector, the vertical market structure does not have substantial influences on Cournot‐Bertrand ranking. However, if discriminatory pricing is adopted, firm's profits, output, and social welfare are often reversed to those obtained from uniform pricing in the upstream sector. Given the closeness of products, if the share of foreign ownership is sufficiently low, social welfare in Cournot competition can exceed that of Bertrand competition, contrasting with the standard welfare ranking that Bertrand welfare is strictly higher than Cournot. This implies that Cournot competition can be more socially desirable than Bertrand in mixed oligopoly with vertical market structure if discriminatory pricing scheme is adopted by foreign upstream monopolists.
EYA4 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma by repressing MYCBP by dephosphorylating β‐catenin at Ser552
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐Xu , Li Jian‐Hui , Cai Jian‐Peng , Hou Xun , Huang Chen‐Song , Huang Xi‐Tai , Wang Jie‐Qin , Li Shi‐Jin , Xu Qiong‐Cong , Yin Xiao‐Yu
Published: August 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. Our previous study showed that EYA4 functioned by suppressing growth of HCC tumor cells, but its molecular mechanism is still not elucidated. Based on the results of gene microassay, EYA4 was inversely correlated with MYCBP and was verified in human HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Overexpressed and KO EYA4 in human HCC cell lines confirmed the negative correlation between EYA4 and MYCBP by qRT‐PCR and western blot. Transfected siRNA of MYCBP in EYA4 overexpressed cells and overexpressed MYCBP in EYA4 KO cells could efficiently rescue the proliferation and G2/M arrest effects of EYA4 on HCC cells. Mechanistically, armed with serine/threonine‐specific protein phosphatase activity, EYA4 reduced nuclear translocation of β‐catenin by dephosphorylating β‐catenin at Ser552, thereby suppressing the transcription of MYCBP which was induced by β‐catenin/LEF1 binding to the promoter of MYCBP. Clinically, HCC patients with highly expressed EYA4 and poorly expressed MYCBP had significantly longer disease‐free survival and overall survival than HCC patients with poorly expressed EYA4 and highly expressed MYCBP. In conclusion, EYA4 suppressed HCC tumor cell growth by repressing MYCBP by dephosphorylating β‐catenin S552. EYA4 combined with MYCBP could be potential prognostic biomarkers in HCC.
Motivational interviewing effects on caries prevention in children differ by income: A randomized cluster trial
Authors: Faustino‐Silva Daniel Demétrio , Colvara Beatriz Carriconde , Meyer Elisabeth , Hugo Fernando Neves , Celeste Roger Keller , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot
Published: August 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the differential preventive effect of motivational interviewing (MI) on early childhood caries (ECC) according to socioeconomic variables, using a community‐based trial in a public healthcare setting.

Methods

A cluster‐randomized, double‐blind study with two parallel groups in healthcare clinical settings (HCCs) comparing conventional oral health education (CE) and MI aimed at mothers of children born in 2013 and 2014. The oral health team of 6 of the 12 HCCs were trained in MI. This training was intensive for active learning of the basic MI principles, conducted by a psychologist who is a PhD in psychiatry and has extensive experience in conducting MI training workshops. It was held in an experiential format divided into two 4‐hour shifts, with a 1‐week interval. Children who attended at least one dental visit in the first year of life at their HCC were clinically evaluated by trained examiners and parents responded to a questionnaire. The effect of MI on the caries outcome compared with CE was evaluated in different subgroups: family income, mother's education and skin colour.

Results

One hundred and eighty‐six were included in the CE group and 228 in the MI group. The caries rate per 100 surface‐year was 1.29 (95%CI: 0.92‐1.80) in the CE group and 0.46 (95%CI: 0.29‐0.73) in the MI group. The effect of MI was statistically significant in the lower‐income category (P = .03); MI prevented 57% of carious lesions (IRR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.22‐0.83) and reduced the occurrence of the disease on more than one surface per 100 followed surface‐year in this same category in the equivalent income subgroup (IRD = −1.37, P = .04).

Conclusions

Motivational interviewing had a greater preventive effect against caries in children whose families are of lower income.
Exploring the essence of enabling child participation within child protection services
Authors: van Bijleveld Ganna G. , Bunders‐Aelen Joske F.G. , Dedding Christine W.M.
Published: August 2019

The chances that children have to participate in child protection services are largely contingent upon the attitudes and skills of case managers. They have a crucial role in ensuring that a child's voice is being listened to and acknowledged in often sensitive dialogues. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate what case managers need to facilitate child participation. By handing case managers a participation toolbox developed by children and through the use of reflexive monitoring in action, we elaborated on the barriers faced in practice. The results show that the intention to facilitate child participation is quickly overruled by often subconscious thoughts and beliefs, stemming from the complex interplay of child image, protection, and participation. Case managers need to be aware of this interplay and how this unknowingly steers their actions. Therefore, iterative reflection should be facilitated within organizations for an actual change in their daily practice and to amplify the role of children in the decision‐making processes within child protection services.
Social workers' perceptions of children's right to participation
Authors: Kosher Hanita , Ben‐Arieh Asher
Published: August 2019

Recent years have witnessed a growing worldwide recognition for the need to incorporate children's right to participate into the child welfare system. Yet studies show that most children in the welfare system do not feel that they are listened to or that their opinions are taken into account. This paper presents findings from a study conducted among 151 Israeli social workers, examining their perceptions on children's participation. The study explored to what extent they implement this principle in their everyday practice and whether there is a relationship between their perceptions and their actions. The findings revealed that social workers tend to endorse a protective position with regard to children's participation and that they only partially implement children's right to participation in their daily practice.
Long‐term radiographic assessment of titanium implants installed in maxillary areas grafted with autogenous bone blocks using two predefined sets of success criteria
Authors: Fuglsig João M.C.E.S. , Schropp Lars , Thorn Jens J. , Ingerslev Janne , Wenzel Ann , Spin‐Neto Rubens
Published: August 2019

Purpose

Assess the radiographic peri‐implant bone loss of implants installed in maxillary areas grafted with autogenous bone and classify the long‐term (at least >4 ≤ 6 years) implant success according to two predefined sets of criteria.

Material and Methods

Sixty patients had full maxillary alveolar reconstructions using autogenous bone grafts (iliac crest), and 369 titanium implants were installed. The follow‐up protocol was 5 (>4 ≤ 6) years; thereafter only patients who presented significant peri‐implant bone loss were followed up to 12 years. The radiographic peri‐implant bone level was assessed on panoramic radiographs in relation to the baseline and used to classify the long‐term success of the implants according to the predefined success criteria presented by Albrektsson and coworkers (ALB; 1986) and the Pisa Consensus Conference (PCC; 2007).

Results

Fifteen implants were lost over the 12‐year follow‐up period (two up to >4 ≤ 6 years). Mean radiographic peri‐implant bone loss was 2.7 mm at the >4 ≤ 6 years control and 4.2 mm after >11 ≤ 12 years. Different success criteria resulted in different types of prevalence of implants classified as “failures.” At >4 ≤ 6 years, 48% of the implants would be “failures” according to ALB, while according to the PCC, only 0.8% would be “failures” and 18.1% would be classified as “compromised survival” and 44.8% as “satisfactory survival.”

Conclusions

Mean peri‐implant bone loss of implants installed in maxillary areas grafted with autogenous bone blocks was 2.7 mm after >4 ≤ 6 years, and two implants were lost during this period. The use of different success criteria significantly altered the prevalence of implants classified as “failure.”