bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How population aging affects carbon footprints in US households: a comparative study with Japan
Authors: Wang Jiahuan , Huang Yuzhuo , Long Yin , Chapman Andrew , Shigetomi Yosuke
Published: October 2024

Demographic aging has emerged as a global societal concern, posing a challenge to decarbonization efforts. This study investigates the impact of demographic aging on household decarbonization by first quantifying age-bracket-specific household carbon footprints (HCF) in the United States (U.S.), and comparing them to Japan, a country facing the most serious aging issues among economically developed countries. To explore future challenges, an estimation of the effects of demographic shifts on HCFs to the late 2030’s using multi-regional input-output analysis. It was revealed that the highest per-capita HCF was associated with middle-aged (45–54) households, reaching 31.9 t-CO2eq/cap in the U.S., more than double the same age bracket in Japan. Due to an influx of younger immigrants in the U.S., future demographic changes are projected to increase the total HCF by 684.5 Mt-CO2eq from 2011 to 2038. In contrast, Japan is expected to see a decrease of 28.4 Mt-CO2eq from 2011 to 2040. The comparison between the U.S. and Japan highlights two distinct pathways resulting from future demographic trends, underscoring the need for CF mitigation efforts to target U.S. household demand specifically. In response to this, policy recommendations are proposed to reduce HCFs in the U.S., particularly in light of its aging and immigration challenges.
Hydrogen adsorption on zinc-terminated ZnO(0001) surface at varying coverages and its effects on electronic and optical properties: a DFT+U study
Authors: Dizon John Symon C , Empizo Melvin John F , Salvador Arnel A , Sarukura Nobuhiko , Nakanishi Hiroshi , Padama Allan Abraham B
Published: October 2024

Spin-polarized density functional theory implementing Hubbard corrections (DFT + U) were utilized to study H adsorption of different coverages on Zn-terminated ZnO(0001) surface. Changes in electronic and optical properties were observed upon H adsorption of varying coverages, namely with 0.25 monolayer (ML), 0.50 ML, 1 ML, and 2 ML coverage. In terms of surface structure, H atoms were found to adsorb on top of Zn forming Zn–H bond lengths ranging from 1.54–1.73 Å for certain coverages. On the other hand, O–H bond length values are 2.41 Å and 2.37 Å for 0.50 ML and 2 ML coverage respectively. Additionally, for 0.50 ML, the most stable configuration is when one H atom adsorbs on top of Zn and the other near the hollow site. At low coverage (0.25 ML and 0.50 ML), H prefers to interact with topmost layer Zn atoms resulting to shifts in the electronic bands relative to the pristine surface’s. In addition, at high coverage (1 ML and 2 ML), shifting of bands are observed and are mainly guided by Zn–H atom interaction for 1 ML and weak H–O atom interaction for 2 ML. The observed decrease in band gap as the coverage was increased from 1 ML to 2 ML is supported by the red shift in the absorption plot. However, for low H coverage adsorption, the optical plots deviate due to emergence of flat bands. Changes in electronic properties such as shifts in conduction band minimum and decrease in measured band gap occur as guided by the interaction of adsorbed H atoms with the surface atoms and are supported with obtained optical plots. These findings present the tunability of Zn-terminated ZnO(0001) polar surface properties depending on H coverage.
Exploring residual stress analysis in the machining of hypoeutectic high chromium white cast iron alloys through the hole-drilling method
Authors: Ngqase M , Nheta W , Madzivhandila T , Phasha M , Pan X
Published: October 2024

High chromium white cast irons (HCWCIs), ASTM A352, Type A and Class III, i.e., 25%Cr iron in as-cast condition consists of proeutectic austenite (γ-Fe), transformed martensite (α-Fe) and discontinuous Cr-rich, i.e., M7C3/ (Cr, Fe)7C3 type of carbides, which are hard and brittle in nature. Fully annealed thermal treatment was performed to improve iron’s machinability leading to fully pearlitic matrix with minor retained γ-Fe content. Eutectic (Cr, Fe)7C3 type of carbides are not affected by heat treatment processes. Resulting from corresponding manufacturing process, the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses (RSs) in as-cast and after machining were measured using hole-drilling method (HDM), as they are known to be harmful to corrosion and fatigue resistance. Furthermore, general metallurgical material characterisation was performed in as-cast and heat-treated conditions. As a result, this study revealed hardness variation, 547 and 555BHN in as-cast as compared to 327BHN in heat-treated condition. Furnace and actual cast component chemical analysis revealed a slight variation, especially between carbon (C) and chromium (Cr). Furthermore, eutectic type of carbides and precipitated secondary, i.e., (Cr, Fe)23C6 type of carbides within fully pearlitic matrix with minor amounts of retained γ-Fe were detected within the dominant matrix, i.e., pearlitic matrix in as-annealed condition. Detected magnitude and distributions of RSs on heat-treated sample resulted in higher tensile stresses in the surface and compressive in the interior as compared to sample in as-cast condition. Thus, this study was successfully in measuring RSs in as-cast and upon machining of hypoeutectic irons of HCWCI alloys using HDM.
Quantum state reconstruction via disentanglement with sequential optimization algorithm
Authors: Yao Juan
Published: October 2024

In this work, we report a novel quantum state reconstruction process based on the disentanglement algorithm. We propose a sequential disentanglement scheme, which can transform an unknown quantum state into a product of computational zero states. The inverse evolution of the zero states reconstructs the quantum state up to an overall phase. By sequentially disentangling the qubits one by one, we reduce the required measurements with only individual qubit measurement and identify the transformation unitary efficiently. Variational quantum circuit and reinforcement learning methods are used for the quantum circuit design for continuous and discrete quantum gates implementation. Demonstrations with our proposal for the reconstruction of the random states are presented. Our method is universal and imposes no specific ansatz or constraint on the quantum state.
Microresonator-enhanced quantum dot single-photon emission in GaAs-on-insulator platform
Authors: Zhou Yueguang , Yang Yuhui , Limame Imad , Mudi Priyabrata , Hohn Marcel , Piccinini Claudia , Munkhbat Battulga , Genuist Yann , Gérard Jean-Michel , Claudon Julien , Yvind Kresten , Gregersen Niels , Reitzenstein Stephan , Pu Minhao
Published: October 2024

Single-photon emitters play a crucial role in integrated photonic quantum systems across various material platforms. In this study, we present a cavity-enhanced quantum dot single-photon source in a high-index contrast material platform (GaAs-on-insulator). A quantum dot is embedded in a microring resonator with a quality factor of approximately 9000, where the cavity-induced light enhancement results in a spontaneous emission acceleration factor of around 2.6, and we achieve a

g

(
2
)

(
0
)

as low as 0.03 ± 0.02 and post-selected two-photon interference visibility of 51.7

%
±
3.2
%

for the single-photon source. This demonstration shows the potential of the GaAs-on-Insulator platform for scalable on-chip quantum information processing.
Quotients of braid groups by their congruence subgroups
Authors: Bloomquist Wade , Patzt Peter , Scherich Nancy
Published: October 2024

The congruence subgroups of braid groups arise from a congruence condition on the integral Burau representation

B
n

→
G

L

n

(

Z

)

B_n \to GL_{n}(\mathbb {Z})

. We find the image of such congruence subgroups in

G

L

n

(

Z

)

GL_{n}(\mathbb {Z})

—an open problem posed by Dan Margalit. Additionally, we characterize the quotients of braid groups by their congruence subgroups in terms of symplectic congruence subgroups.
On Hydrodynamic Limits of the Vlasov–Navier–Stokes System
Authors: Han-Kwan Daniel , Michel David
Published: October 2024

We introduce a framework to justify hydrodynamic limits of the Vlasov–Navier–Stokes system. We specifically study high friction regimes, which take into account the fact that particles of the dispersed phase are light (resp. small) compared to the fluid part, and lead to the derivation of Transport–Navier–Stokes (resp. Inhomogeneous Navier–Stokes) systems.
The Motivic Anabelian Geometry of Local Heights on Abelian Varieties
Authors: Betts L.
Published: October 2024

We study the problem of describing local components of Néron–Tate height functions on abelian varieties over characteristic

0
0

local fields as functions on spaces of torsors under various realisations of the

2
2

-step unipotent motivic fundamental group of the

G

m

\mathbb G_m

-torsor corresponding to the defining line bundle. To this end, we present three main theorems giving such a description in terms of the

Q

ℓ

\mathbb Q_\ell

- and

Q

p

\mathbb Q_p

-pro-unipotent étale realisations when the base field is

p
p

-adic, and in terms of the

R

\mathbb R

-pro-unipotent Betti–de Rham realization when the base field is archimedean.

In the course of proving the

p
p

-adic instance of these theorems, we develop a new technique for studying local nonabelian Bloch–Kato Selmer sets, working with certain explicit cosimplicial group models for these sets and using methods from homotopical algebra. Among other uses, these models enable us to construct a pro-unipotent generalization of the Bloch–Kato exponential sequence under minimal assumptions.
Comprehensive technical analysis of post-combustion carbon capture and storage based on monoethanolamine absorption for petrochemical industry in Indonesia
Authors: Asyrofi Muh , Muthia Rahma , Indianto Mohammad Akita
Published: October 2024

The implementation of carbon capture and storage in the petrochemical industry is one of the means of decarbonization. This research focuses on a comprehensive technical analysis of the deployment of post-combustion carbon capture and storage based on monoethanolamine absorption in the petrochemical industry. The olefin complex petrochemical industry in Tuban, Indonesia, is the basis for the analysis, which includes a steam cracker, polyethylene, polypropylene, and raw pyrolysis gasoline hydrotreating units, with capacities of 1000, 940, 600, and 570 kilotons/year, respectively. The total energy consumption is about 16 024.53 GJ/h, and the CO2 emissions are about 1.6 megatons/year. Based on these plant systems, comprehensive technical analyses of the implementation of carbon capture and storage in that industry were performed using Aspen HYSYS® simulation software. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the total CO2 captured, energy intensity, monoethanolamine consumption, and net CO2 captured in various scenarios based on the number of absorber column stages, absorption pressure, and desorption temperature. The CO2 storage site is about 100 km away and is transported by an onshore pipeline with a supercritical phase of CO2. The optimal net CO2 capture value is achieved by setting up a 50-stage absorber column with a pressure of 1 barg and a temperature of 110°C at the top of the desorber column, resulting in a CO2 capture yield of 86.4% and an energy intensity of 12.6 GJ/ton CO2. Under these conditions, the net CO2 captured in the scenario based on gas power plants’ electricity is 0.225 megatons/year, while in the scenario based on gas power plants incorporating 30% biomass electricity, it is 0.544 megatons/year. With increased use of renewable energy in carbon capture and storage facilities, more net CO2 is captured. This study can be applied to various cases of post-combustion carbon capture and storage implementation in the industrial sector, especially in the petrochemical industry.
Exploring Nigeria’s waste-to-energy potential: a sustainable solution for electricity generation
Authors: Umar Yusuf , Yakubu Rahimat Oyiza , Abdulazeez Abdulazeez Alhaji , Ijeoma Muzan Williams
Published: October 2024

This research explored the potential of waste-to-energy (WtE) technology as a sustainable solution to Nigeria’s energy deficit and waste management challenges. Various WtE technologies were reviewed, including incineration, anaerobic digestion, gasification, and pyrolysis, highlighting their applicability and benefits for Nigeria. The potential energy yield from different waste streams, combined with economic viability, environmental benefits, and social impacts, demonstrates the importance of WtE technology for the country. The lower heating value of municipal solid waste and agricultural residue significantly affects energy yield. The incineration of 27.36 million tons of organic waste annually while using relevant technology with energy recovery could generate between 14.52 and 23.08 TWh of electricity per annum. The inclusion of paper and textiles increases the potential yield to 18.69 and 29.71 TWh per year. The potential power generation from agricultural residues is estimated at 80.3 GW. However, Nigeria must address technical, economic, and policy challenges to realize this potential. This can be achieved by developing a robust regulatory framework, fostering public–private partnerships, enhancing local capacity, engaging communities, and investing in research and development. The implementation of WtE projects will facilitate sustainable waste management, improve energy security, create jobs, and promote environmental stewardship.
Epidemiological and Clinical Features of a Large Blastomycosis Outbreak at a Paper Mill in Michigan
Authors: Hennessee Ian , Palmer Sara , Reik Rebecca , Miles-Jay Arianna , Nawaz Muhammad Yasir , Blankenship Heather M , Kramer Rebecca , Hughes Adam , Snyder Michael , Yin Robert L , Litvintseva Anastasia P , Parnell Lindsay A , Gade Lalitha , Chiller Tom , de Perio Marie A , Stobierski Mary Grace , McFadden Jevon , Toda Mitsuru ,   Michigan Blastomycosis Outbreak Investigation Team, Millerick-May Melissa , Tiffany Henderson A , Scott Schreiber A , Shannon Johnson A , Collins Jim , McCullor Kimberly , Schooley Angie , Heyer Tonya , Hirt Brandon , Soehnlen Marty K , Gold Jeremy A W , Smith Dallas J , Rodríguez Stewart Roxana M , Williams Samantha L , Lockhart Shawn R , O'Connor Allyson W , Callaway Perri C , Stanton Marcia L , Bailey Rachel L , Reid Harvey R , LeBouf Ryan F , Park Ju-Hyeong , Weissman David N , Cox-Ganser Jean , Hines Stella E , Shi Dallas
Published: October 2024

Background

Blastomycosis is an environmentally acquired fungal infection that can result in severe pulmonary illness and high hospitalization rates. In 2023, a blastomycosis outbreak was detected among workers at a paper mill in Delta County, Michigan.

Methods

We included patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of blastomycosis who had spent ≥40 hours in Delta County since 1 September 2022 and had illness onset 1 December 2022–1 July 2023. We assessed epidemiological and clinical features of patients and evaluated factors associated with hospitalization. We performed whole-genome sequencing to characterize genetic relatedness of clinical isolates from 8 patients.

Results

In total, 131 patients were identified; all had worked at or visited the mill. Sixteen patients (12%) were hospitalized; 1 died. Compared with nonhospitalized patients, more hospitalized patients had diabetes (P = .03) and urine antigen titers above the lower limit of quantification (P < .001). Hospitalized patients were also more likely to have had ≥1 healthcare visits before receiving a blastomycosis diagnostic test (P = .02) and to have been treated with antibiotics prior to antifungal prescription (P = .001). All sequenced isolates were identified as Blastomyces gilchristii and clustered into a distinct outbreak cluster.

Conclusions

This was the largest documented blastomycosis outbreak in the United States. Epidemiologic evidence indicated exposures occurred at or near the mill, and genomic findings suggested a common exposure source. Patients with diabetes may have increased risk of hospitalization, and elevated urine antigen titers could indicate greater disease severity. Early suspicion of blastomycosis may prompt earlier diagnosis and treatment, potentially reducing unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions and improving patient outcomes.
Cardiac involvement in a female patient with Beçhet’s disease: newer diagnostic and therapeutic approaches—a case report
Authors: Kouremeti Maria , Kordalis Athanasios , Dimitroglou Yannis , Tsioufis Konstantinos , Aggeli Constantina
Published: October 2024

Background

Behçet’s disease (BD) is a multisystemic chronic inflammatory disorder. Cardiac manifestations in BD are extremely rare. There have been no reports of cardiac involvement of BD and especially endomyocardial fibrosis in the left ventricle (LV).

Case summary

A 50-year-old woman presented at the emergency department experiencing palpitations and fatigue, accompanied by elevated levels of B-type natriuretic peptide. Her medical history included mucocutaneous involvement of BD. Vital signs were within normal ranges, and electrocardiography showed a normal sinus rhythm. Physical examination did not reveal any pathological findings. The 24 h ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring indicated sinus rhythm with premature ventricular contractions. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a reduced LV ejection fraction. Further investigation with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging reported diffused areas of subendocardial enhancement, indicative of fibrosis likely due to vasculitis probably associated with BD. The patient was administered tartrate metoprolol, eplerenone, and dapagliflozin in addition to the ongoing medical treatment for BD, which included methylprednisolone, colchicine, and apremilast. This treatment approach resulted in an improvement in the patient’s clinical condition.

Discussion

This case highlights that diffuse subendocardial fibrosis of the LV may be associated with the underlying BD.
Same trait, different genes: pelvic spine loss in three brook stickleback populations in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Mee Jonathan A , Ly Carolyn , Pigott Grace C
Published: October 2024

The genetic basis of phenotypic or adaptive parallelism can reveal much about constraints on evolution. This study investigated the genetic basis of a canonically parallel trait: pelvic spine reduction in sticklebacks. Pelvic reduction has a highly parallel genetic basis in threespine stickleback in populations around the world, always involving a deletion of the pel1 enhancer of Pitx1. We conducted a genome-wide association study to investigate the genetic basis of pelvic spine reduction in 3 populations of brook stickleback in Alberta, Canada. Pelvic reduction did not involve Pitx1 in any of the 3 populations. Instead, pelvic reduction in 1 population involved a mutation in an exon of Tbx4, and it involved a mutation in an intron of Lmbr1 in the other two populations. Hence, the parallel phenotypic evolution of pelvic spine reduction across stickleback genera, and among brook stickleback populations, has a nonparallel genetic basis. This suggests that there may be redundancy in the genetic basis of this adaptive polymorphism, but it is not clear whether a lack of parallelism indicates a lack of constraint on the evolution of this adaptive trait. Whether different pleiotropic effects of different mutations have different fitness consequences or whether certain pelvic reduction mutations confer specific benefits in certain environments remains to be determined.
Tempo and mode of winter diapause evolution in butterflies
Authors: Halali Sridhar , Yapar Etka , Wheat Christopher W , Wahlberg Niklas , Gotthard Karl , Chazot Nicolas , Nylin Sören , Lehmann Philipp
Published: October 2024

Quantifying the tempo and mode via modern phylogenetic comparative methods can provide key insights into how selection and constraints shape trait evolution on a macroevolutionary time scale. Here, we elucidate the evolution of hibernation (winter) diapause, a complex and defining life-history trait that allows temporal escape from harsh winters in temperate regions for many insects, including our model system, butterflies. Butterflies can diapause in all major life stages, and the availability of global-scale phylogenies makes them an ideal model system for studying diapause evolution. First, using a thorough literature survey, we scored the developmental stage of hibernation diapause (egg, larva, pupa, adult) vs. absence of diapause. We find that larval diapause is most common, while pupal, egg, and adult diapause are relatively rare. Next, we determined that the loss of diapause occurred at a much higher rate and that gains primarily occurred from the non-diapause state. While ancestral state estimation at deeper nodes remained uncertain, we found consistent patterns for some families and strong evidence for extensive convergence in diapause evolution. Contrary to expectations, we find no support for increased gain of diapause during the Eocene–Oligocene glaciation (~35 million years ago). Overall, the evolution of diapause in butterflies has a complex history, has evolved convergently, and has likely predated the major glaciation event consistent with the deep history of diapause evolution in insects. This study advances our understanding of the evolution of a complex and important life-history trait and establishes a macroevolutionary foundation for future studies on the ultimate and proximate basis of diapause evolution.
Life-Course Multidisciplinary Psychosocial Predictors of Dementia Among Older Adults: Results From the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Kuwayama Sayaka , Tarraf Wassim , González Kevin A , Márquez Freddie , González Hector M
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives

Identifying predictors of dementia may help improve risk assessments, increase awareness for risk reduction, and identify potential targets for interventions. We use a life-course psychosocial multidisciplinary modeling framework to examine leading predictors of dementia incidence.

Research Design and Methods

We use data from the Health and Retirement Study to measure 57 psychosocial factors across 7 different domains: (i) demographics, (ii) childhood experiences, (iii) socioeconomic conditions, (iv) health behaviors, (v) social connections, (vi) psychological characteristics, and (vii) adverse adulthood experiences. Our outcome is dementia incidence (over 8 years) operationalized using Langa–Weir classification for adults aged 65+ years who meet criteria for normal cognition at the baseline when all psychosocial factors are measured (N = 1 784 in training set and N = 1 611 in testing set). We compare the standard statistical method (Logistic regression) with machine learning (ML) method (Random Forest) in identifying predictors across the disciplines of interest.

Results

Standard and ML methods identified predictors that spanned multiple disciplines. The standard statistical methods identified lower education and childhood financial duress as among the leading predictors of dementia incidence. The ML method differed in their identification of predictors.

Discussion and Implications

The findings emphasize the importance of upstream risk and protective factors and the long-reaching impact of childhood experiences on cognitive health. The ML approach highlights the importance of life-course multidisciplinary frameworks for improving evidence-based interventions for dementia. Further investigations are needed to identify how complex interactions of life-course factors can be addressed through interventions.
The ensemble kalman filter for dynamic inverse problems
Authors: Weissmann Simon , Chada Neil K , Tong Xin T
Published: October 2024

In inverse problems, the goal is to estimate unknown model parameters from noisy observational data. Traditionally, inverse problems are solved under the assumption of a fixed forward operator describing the observation model. In this article, we consider the extension of this approach to situations where we have a dynamic forward model, motivated by applications in scientific computation and engineering. We specifically consider this extension for a derivative-free optimizer, the ensemble Kalman inversion (EKI). We introduce and justify a new methodology called dynamic-EKI (DEKI), which is a particle-based method with a changing forward operator. We analyze our new method, presenting results related to the control of our particle system through its covariance structure. This analysis includes moment bounds and an ensemble collapse, which are essential for demonstrating a convergence result. We establish convergence in expectation and validate our theoretical findings through experiments with DEKI applied to a 2D Darcy flow partial differential equation.
Pollen foraging mediates exposure to dichotomous stressor syndromes in honey bees
Authors: Wizenberg Sydney B , French Sarah K , Newburn Laura R , Pepinelli Mateus , Conflitti Ida M , Moubony Mashaba , Ritchie Caroline , Jamieson Aidan , Richardson Rodney T , Travas Anthea , Imrit Mohammed Arshad , Chihata Matthew , Higo Heather , Common Julia , Walsh Elizabeth M , Bixby Miriam , Guarna M Marta , Pernal Stephen F , Hoover Shelley E , Currie Robert W , Giovenazzo Pierre , Guzman-Novoa Ernesto , Borges Daniel , Foster Leonard J , Zayed Amro
Published: October 2024

Recent declines in the health of honey bee colonies used for crop pollination pose a considerable threat to global food security. Foraging by honey bee workers represents the primary route of exposure to a plethora of toxins and pathogens known to affect bee health, but it remains unclear how foraging preferences impact colony-level patterns of stressor exposure. Resolving this knowledge gap is crucial for enhancing the health of honey bees and the agricultural systems that rely on them for pollination. To address this, we carried out a national-scale experiment encompassing 456 Canadian honey bee colonies to first characterize pollen foraging preferences in relation to major crops and then explore how foraging behavior influences patterns of stressor exposure. We used a metagenetic approach to quantify honey bee dietary breadth and found that bees display distinct foraging preferences that vary substantially relative to crop type and proximity, and the breadth of foraging interactions can be used to predict the abundance and diversity of stressors a colony is exposed to. Foraging on diverse plant communities was associated with increased exposure to pathogens, while the opposite was associated with increased exposure to xenobiotics. Our work provides the first large-scale empirical evidence that pollen foraging behavior plays an influential role in determining exposure to dichotomous stressor syndromes in honey bees.
Dandelion-shaped strontium-gallium microparticles for the hierarchical stimulation and comprehensive regulation of wound healing
Authors: Ji Minrui , Yuan Zaixin , Ma Hongdong , Feng Xian , Ye Cong , Shi Lei , Chen Xiaodong , Han Fei , Zhao Caichou
Published: October 2024

The management of full-thickness skin injuries continues to pose significant challenges. Currently, there is a dearth of comprehensive dressings capable of integrating all stages of wound healing to spatiotemporally regulate biological processes following full-thickness skin injuries. In this study, we report the synthesis of a dandelion-shaped mesoporous strontium-gallium microparticle (GE@SrTPP) achieved through dopamine-mediated strontium ion biomineralization and self-assembly, followed by functionalization with gallium metal polyphenol networks. As a multifunctional wound dressing, GE@SrTPP can release bioactive ions in a spatiotemporal manner akin to dandelion seeds. During the early stages of wound healing, GE@SrTPP demonstrates rapid and effective hemostatic performance while also exhibiting antibacterial properties. In the inflammatory phase, GE@SrTPP promotes M2 polarization of macrophages, suppresses the expression of pro-inflammatory factors, and decreases oxidative stress in wounds. Subsequently, during the stages of proliferation and tissue remodeling, GE@SrTPP facilitates angiogenesis through the activation of the Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF-1α/VEGF) pathway. Analogous to the dispersion and rooting of dandelion seeds, the root-like new blood vessels supply essential nutrients for wound healing. Ultimately, in a rat chronic wound model, GE@SrTPP achieved successful full-thickness wound repair. In summary, these dandelion-shaped GE@SrTPP microparticles demonstrate comprehensive regulatory effects in managing full-thickness wounds, making them highly promising materials for clinical applications.
Moving psychedelic-assisted therapies from promising research into routine clinical practice: Lessons from the field of implementation science
Authors: Adams Danielle R , Allen Heidi , Nicol Ginger E , Cabassa Leopoldo J
Published: October 2024

Psychedelics (e.g., 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA], lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], psilocybin) are molecules that have the potential to produce rapid therapeutic effects when paired with psychotherapy. Randomized clinical trials of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAT) have shown promising results for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and substance use disorders. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has acknowledged the promise of PAT, signaling potential approval of psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression by 2026. Given this timeline, implementation scientists must engage with PAT researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to think critically about bringing these promising new treatments into routine practice settings while maintaining quality and safety. This commentary aims to initiate a dialogue between implementation scientists and PAT researchers and practitioners on addressing these questions with a lens toward equity. Specifically, we discuss how the field of implementation science can support PAT stakeholders to accelerate the translational process from research into practice, focusing specifically on safety-net settings (i.e., Federally Qualified Health Centers and Veterans Affairs health systems) that serve historically marginalized populations. We use the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) Framework to illustrate five critical areas where implementation science can help move PAT from research into real-world practice. For each RE-AIM dimension, we highlight ways the field of implementation science can contribute tools (e.g., implementation strategies), methodologies (e.g., pragmatic hybrid implementation-effectiveness trials), and approaches (community-based participatory research) for establishing the safety, effectiveness, and accessibility of PAT for historically underserved communities.
Travel and mind: a bidirectional analysis of travel participation and cognitive functioning among Americans over 50
Authors: Hua Chenggang , Peng Siyun , Cole Shu
Published: October 2024

The causal relationship between travel participation and cognitive function is complex and unclear in the literature. While some suggest travel protects cognitive health (social causation), others believe cognitive decline restricts travel ability (social withdrawal). This study aims to uncover which hypothesis prevails in this association. Utilizing data from 475 Americans in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) over a 6-year period from 2006 to 2012, we conducted Cross-Lagged Panel Modeling (CLPM) to examine the reciprocal relationships between travel participation and cognitive function while adjusting for instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), education, race, gender, and age. Our results show a significant positive link between travel in 2006 and cognitive function in 2012 (β = 0.091, p < .05), and a positive predictive effect of cognitive function in 2006 on travel in 2012 (β = 0.116, p < .05). Additionally, factors like education, race, and age significantly affected both cognitive function and travel participation. The study provides initial evidence for the therapeutic potential of travel as a cognitive health intervention, suggesting that engaging in travel may slow cognitive decline 6 years later. Furthermore, lower cognitive function appears to limit travel participation 6 years later. The implications of this study are significant for public health policy, gerontology, and elder care, advocating for the integration of travel into cognitive health programs and highlighting the need for tailored approaches that consider sociodemographic factors, ultimately contributing to the enhancement of quality of life among the U.S. aging population.
Utidelone plus pembrolizumab as the fourth-line combination treatment in non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutation: a case report
Authors: Fang Henghu , Yang Wei , Han Qing , Zhao Rugang , Zheng Wei , Lu Zejun , Wu Shanshan , Zhu Qi , Li Jingjiao , Guan Gaowa , Wen Juyi
Published: October 2024

Utidelone is an ebomycin derivative chemotherapeutic drug, which can promote tubulin polymerization and stabilize microtubule structure, so as to induce apoptosis. The drug is an innovative drug independently developed by China with independent intellectual property rights. Phase II clinical trials for advanced breast cancer are being approved by National Medical Products Administration for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. However, there is no report on the application in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. This case is a patient with EGFR mutant stage IV NSCLC who has progressed after third-line targeted therapy. The fourth line was treated with utidelone combined with pabolizumab. The patient had progressed after targeted therapy with oxitinib, ametinib, and vometinib. Due to the patient’s physical reasons, the traditional platinum drugs were not suitable, so the patient was treated with utidelone combined with pabolizumab. The curative effect was evaluated as SD after two cycles and progesterone receptor after four cycles. At present, it is still in the maintenance of reduction of utidelone combined with pabolizumab, and the tumor continues to shrink. Although peripheral neurotoxicity occurred during treatment, it improved after symptomatic treatment. The treatment of EGFR mutant stage IV NSCLC with utidelone combined with pabolizumab has good effect and mild adverse reactions.
Assessment of the High Risk and Unmet Need in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: A Descriptive Retrospective Cohort Study (ATHENA)
Authors: Bian Liya , Qiu Miaohan , Li Jing , Zhang Lijiao , Hunt Phillip R , Kuster Marco , Han Yaling
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) filled an important data gap by showing a significant reduction of ischemic cardiovascular events in a ticagrelor plus aspirin cohort compared with placebo plus aspirin cohort among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but without a history of myocardial infarction. This study aims to evaluate the applicability of the THEMIS results in a real-world clinical setting in China.

Methods:

This retrospective, observational cohort study used data from the Optimal antiPlatelet Therapy for Chinese patients with Coronary Artery Disease (OPT-CAD) study which enrolled participants who were hospitalized between November 2012 and December 2013. The 24-month cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), major bleeding, and all-cause death in patients with T2DM and CAD (T2DM-CAD), T2DM and stable CAD (SCAD)(T2DM-SCAD), and T2DM and SCAD without prior myocardial infarction or stroke (THEMIS-like) were analyzed.

Results:

Data from 13,296 patients with CAD were included; the T2DM-CAD, T2DM-SCAD, and THEMIS-like cohorts comprised 3,344 (25.2%), 949 (7.1%), and 509 (3.8%) patients, respectively. The corresponding 24-month cumulative incidence of major bleeding was 38 (1.1%), 16 (1.7%), and 8 (1.6%), and that of MACEs was 250 (7.5%), 87 (9.2%), and 29 (5.7%), and all-cause death was 181 (5.4%), 84 (8.9%), 29 (5.7%), respectively. The risk of MACE in the THEMIS-like cohort was approximate to that in the THEMIS trial (7.7% vs. 8.5% in ticagrelor and placebo group, respectively).

Conclusion:

The incidence of MACE was substantial in the THEMIS-like cohort, suggesting that cardiovascular risk for future events correlates with the presence of cardiovascular disease across the CAD risk continuum.
Identification of sentinel lymph nodes in esophageal cancer patients using contrast-enhanced EUS with peritumoral injections
Authors: Liu Ji-Bin , Machado Priscilla , Eisenbrey John R. , Gummadi Sriharsha , Forsberg Flemming , Wessner Corinne E. , Kumar Anand Raman , Chiang Austin , Infantolino Anthony , Schlachterman Alexander , Kowalski Thomas , Coben Robert , Loren David
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The objective of this pilot study was to compare the performance of contrast-enhanced EUS (CE-EUS)–guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) with EUS-FNA for lymph node (LN) staging in esophageal cancer.

Methods

Thirty-seven subjects with esophageal cancer undergoing EUS staging were enrolled, and 30 completed this institutional review board–approved study. A Prosound F75 US system (Hitachi Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) with harmonic contrast imaging software and GF-UCT180 curvilinear endoscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was utilized. All LNs identified by standard EUS were first noted. Sonazoid (dose: 1 mL; GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway) was administered peritumorally, and all enhanced LNs were recorded. Fine-needle aspiration was performed on LNs considered suspicious by EUS alone, as well as LNs enhanced on CE-EUS. Performance of each modality was compared using FNA cytology as reference standard.

Results

A total of 132 LNs were detected with EUS, of which 59 showed enhancement on CE-EUS. Fifty-three LNs underwent FNA, and 22 LNs were determined to be malignant. Among the latter, 10 were considered suspicious by EUS, whereas the other 12 LNs underwent FNA only because of CE-EUS enhancement. Contrast-enhanced EUS showed enhancement in 19 of the 22 malignant LNs. The rate of metastatic node identification from EUS was 45% (10/22), and it was 86% (19/22; P = 0.008) for CE-EUS. Eight subjects (8/30 [27% of study total]) had nodal status upgraded by the addition of CE-EUS, which influenced LN staging and clinical management.

Conclusions

Fine-needle aspiration of LNs identified by CE-EUS may increase metastasis positive rate by ruling out LNs not associated with the tumor drainage pattern. In addition, CE-EUS seems to identify more metastatic LNs that would not be biopsied under the standard EUS criteria.
The skewer technique combined with phacoemulsification to remove the lens dislocated into the vitreous cavity
Authors: Zhou Zigan , Guo Binghua , Lin Zhong , Hu Zhixiang , Wu Xingyi , Wu Ronghan
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety outcomes of our newly developed skewer technique in the management of lens dislocation.

Methods:

A total of 21 eyes with lens dislocation were treated with this surgical technique. We focused on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, and complications of retinal damage at 3 months post-surgery.

Results:

The mean age of the patients was 60.20 ± 10.73 (range: 41-85) years, and the average axial length was 25.40 ± 2.35 (range: 22.30-32.35) mm. The BCVA at 3 months post-surgery showed a significant improvement compared to preoperative measurements. No intraoperative or postoperative retinal damage occurred in any eyes treated with this new technique.

Conclusion:

The “skewer” technique we developed is an innovative solution for addressing lens dislocation. Phacoemulsification can be performed in the anterior chamber utilizing a light guide to control the position and movement of the lens. This approach eliminates the need for perfluorocarbon liquid or extensive pars plana scleral sclerotomy. Based on postoperative outcomes from a series of patients who underwent this procedure, the technique is highly safe and feasible.
Compensation models and earnings incongruities among dermatology physician assistants in Pennsylvania
Authors: Griffith Cynthia F. , Froman Richard , Middleton Hayden
Published: October 2024

Background:

This study investigates compensation structures and earnings differentials among dermatology physician assistants (PAs), focusing on variations in compensation models.

Methods:

Data from a survey of 346 members of the Pennsylvania Dermatology PAs were analyzed. The primary objectives were to examine the relationship between collections and salary and assess variations in salary based on compensation models.

Results:

Our findings indicate a significant difference in earnings among dermatology PAs based on compensation models. Specifically, those under a production-based and salary-plus-bonus model demonstrated significantly higher earnings compared with their counterparts on salary alone.

Limitations:

Our cohort was localized to Pennsylvania. This constraint emphasizes the necessity for additional research to extrapolate findings to dermatology PAs in other states and nationally. Future investigations should also explore factors such as benefits offerings as part of a PA compensation package, not addressed in this study.

Conclusions:

This research contributes valuable insights into the compensation landscape of dermatology PAs, emphasizing the need for a more extensive examination of factors influencing earnings. The findings underscore the importance of considering compensation models when assessing the broader landscape of health care workforce economics.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Health Care Workers
Authors: Hsieh Chen , Yen Yung-Feng , Chen Chu-Chieh , Chou Yi-Chang , Chen Mei-Ju
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This cohort study aimed to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among health care workers at a dedicated COVID-19 hospital in Taiwan.

Methods

This study recruited 397 health care workers who completed health checkups before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The differences of MetS and its components prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared using the paired samples t tests for normally distributed variables, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for nonnormally distributed variables.

Results

The prevalence of MetS among health care workers significantly increased from 20.9% to 28.7% during the pandemic (P < 0.001). Central obesity and hypertension were the primary contributors to the development of MetS.

Conclusions

COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increasing prevalence of MetS in health care workers, necessitating health-promoting measures to mitigate this risk.
Effect of Long COVID on Work Performance and Annual Monetary Loss Among Infected Health Care Workers at a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia
Authors: Lim Say Hiang , Lim Yin Cheng , Ahmad Zaki Rafdzah , Megat Johari Bushra , Chang Chung Yuan , Syed Omar Sharifah Faridah , Azzeri Amirah , Dahlui Maznah , Kamarulzaman Adeeba
Published: October 2024

Objective

The aim of the study is to assess and compare the work performance loss (absenteeism and presenteeism) and the estimated annual monetary loss among health care workers with and without long COVID.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted between October 2022 and April 2024 using an online questionnaire. The shortened version of the Health and Work Performance Questionnaire was used to estimate the work performance effect among health care workers with a history of COVID-19 infection.

Results

Health care workers with long COVID have a significantly lower absolute presenteeism and higher annual monetary loss of presenteeism. The mean annual monetary loss of presenteeism was higher in those with long COVID (MYR 10,866.61) compared to those without (MYR 9243.85).

Conclusions

Implementing supportive work strategies in hospital settings is recommended to reduce absolute presenteeism and the annual monetary loss of presenteeism.
Perceptions of Cancer Risk and Gear Decontamination Among Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting Firefighters
Authors: Millet Barbara , Kobetz Erin N. , Schaefer Solle Natasha , Caban-Martinez Alberto J.
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The aims of the study are to characterize Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting (ARFF) firefighters’ perceptions of occupational exposure, health impacts, and decontamination practices and describe barriers to effective gear cleaning.

Methods

A convergent parallel mixed methods design was employed, collecting and analyzing quantitative survey data (n = 81) and qualitative focus group data (n = 52) from ARFF firefighters at three Florida airports.

Results

ARFF firefighters expressed concerns about chronic exposure to hazardous materials and perceived a heightened cancer risk. Despite acknowledging the importance of gear decontamination, they reported infrequent cleaning behaviors due to persistent contamination and barriers, including lack of a second set of gear. Firefighters’ perceived norms emerged as the primary predictor of gear-cleaning behavior.

Conclusions

Targeted interventions and policies are needed to address the unique challenges faced by ARFF firefighters in reducing occupational exposure risks and improving gear decontamination practices.
Optimal CPAP Weaning Approaches
Authors: Adeku Joy , Defore Sarah , Newberry Desi , Yates Lauren
Published: October 2024

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a prevalent chronic lung disease affecting premature infants, leading to long-term respiratory complications, hospital readmissions, and significant financial burden on families and the health care system. BPD is caused by lung injury, making it crucial to focus on methods to minimize lung injury and prevent the transition from respiratory distress syndrome to BPD by following evidence-based respiratory support strategies. Purpose: This scoping review examines methods for weaning preterm infants off continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and evaluates their effectiveness in maintaining respiratory independence. The review aims to map the existing literature, identify knowledge gaps, and suggest areas for further research to optimize the CPAP weaning process for preterm infants. Additionally, it provides an overview of respiratory distress syndrome and BPD. Conclusion: Four randomized control trials comparing a combination pair of either sudden, gradual, non-sprinting, and sprinting weaning for premature infants are discussed, emphasizing the need for assessing infant readiness to facilitate successful weaning. Implications for Practice and Research: Implementing evidence-based interventions consistency and using a stepwise approach can improve patient outcomes, irrespective of the weaning methodology employed.