bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sports Injury Prevention and Functional Training: A Literature Review
Authors: An Keun-Ok , Lee Kwang-Jin
Published: February 2021

OBJECTIVES The aim of this review study was to proposes a new paradigm of functional injury prevention(FIP) based on analysis of the effects of sports injury prevention(SIP) and functional training(FT).METHODS The literature used in the study is based on the electronic database and international papers published from 2014 to 2021 related to functional training were searched, screened and evaluated by using the follow keywords: functional training, sports injury, rehabilitation, and prevention.RESULTS FT was divided into the concept of training both improving the sports performance and restoring physical function in the field of rehabilitation. In two areas, FT and SIP are somewhat different in approach method, object and environment, but they are highly correlated that both the activation of proprioceptive sensation and integrated neuromuscular function are reflected in training program. Especially, intrinsic injury factors such as reduced physical ability, skills and conditioning are associated with reduction of sports performance and increased sports injury. In addition, decreased proprioceptive sensation and neuromuscular function is a typical symptom of reduction of sports performance and injury. Therefore, FIP is needed as a training program that not only to prevent sports injury but also to improve sports performance.CONCLUSIONS In this review study, FIP is propose as a new paradigm combining SIP and FT. The follow-up study of FIP should be reviewed on athletes, club members and the general public for the development of programs to prevent sports injury and improve sports performance and the effects by sports events, body parts and age.
The Effects of Creative Drama on Achievement and Motivation Levels of the 7th Graders in English Language Classes
Authors: KADAN Ömer Faruk
Published: February 2021

The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of creative drama method on the 7th graders’ achievement and motivation towards English language course. The study was in quasi-experimental pattern model with pretest and posttest control group. It was conducted with seventy 7th grade students, 36 of whom were assigned as the experimental group and 34 of whom were assigned as the control group. Three units - “Tourist Attractions”, “Our Natural Heritage” and “Computers” - were taught during a six-week period in the experimental group by using a book developed by the researcher, while the same units were taught by using the usual course book in the control group. “English Course Achievement Test” and “Motivation Scale” were conducted in both groups preceding and following the intervention. “Student Interview Form about the Implementation of Creative Drama Method” was conducted with the experimental group to get the students’ opinions on the method following the intervention. It was found that the students’ achievement test scores improved in both groups, and this improvement was higher in the experimental group. However, the difference was not significant. On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference between average motivation scores of the two groups in favor of the experimental group, and this was supported by student interview forms
On The Retranslation of the Igbo Missal
Authors: Ezika Chidoo
Published: February 2021

This study looks at the translation and the retranslation of the Igbo missal in line with Newmark’s (2001) semantic and communicative theory of translation. The aim is to highlight the factors that necessitated the retranslation, looking at the loopholes of the first translation in comparison with the Latin and English source texts. This study adopts the Newmark’s translation theory which sees translation from language and equivalence perspectives. The data were gathered from both old and new Igbo missals, the Latin missal and from the old English missal. Some persons were also interviewed to see the level of acceptability of the new translation. The study finds out that the first translation of the missal, hinges on communicative translation which focuses on the target language users. The retranslated version, hinges on the semantic translation which focuses on the source text language as requested by the Church authority. The study shows that many have accepted the translation while few are of the opinion that the new translation is not suitable. The paper concludes that the retranslated version is faithful to the source text and that the dangers of loss of meaning and possible incomprehensibility are not visible.
A Study on the Largest Hydraulic Fracturing Induced Earthquake in Canada: Numerical Modeling and Triggering Mechanism
Authors: Wang Bei , Verdecchia Alessandro , Kao Honn , Harrington Rebecca M. , Liu Yajing , Yu Hongyu
Published: February 2021

The Mw 4.6 earthquake that occurred on 17 August 2015 northwest of Fort St. John, British Columbia, is considered the largest hydraulic-fracturing-induced event in Canada, based on its spatiotemporal relationship with respect to nearby injection operations. There is a ∼5  day delay of this Mw 4.6 mainshock from the onset of fluid injection at the closest well pad (W1). In contrast, other two nearby injection wells (W2 and W3) have almost instantaneous seismic responses. In this study, we first take a forward numerical approach to investigate the causative mechanisms for the Mw 4.6 event. Specifically, three finite-element 3D poroelastic models of various permeability structures and presence or absence of hydraulic conduits are constructed, to calculate the coupled evolution of elastic stress and pore pressure caused by multistage fluid injections. Our simulation results suggest that pore pressure increase associated with the migration of injected fluid is required to accumulate sufficient stress perturbations to trigger this Mw 4.6 earthquake. In contrast, the elastic stress perturbation caused by rock matrix deformation alone is not the main cause. Furthermore, injection and seismicity at W1 may have altered the local stress field and brought local faults closer to failure at sites W2 and W3. This process could probably shorten the seismic response time and, thus, explain the observed simultaneous appearance of injection and induced seismicity at W2 and W3.
A multivariate comparative clinical pharmacotherapeutic efficacy and chronopharmacovigilance assessment study of ofloxacin, one of the commonplace, TGFβ1 inducing and telomerase impairing fluoroquinolones, in treating acute gastroenteritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, new drug-sensitive tuberculosis, recurrent mixed cutaneous infections, and post-surgical refractory wound infections, among the global patients, with heterogenous pharmacogeographic and pharmacogenomic constitution
Authors: Hazra Moumita
Published: February 2021

Background: Ofloxacin has an inhibitory effect on DNA gyrase, DNA topoisomerase IV and IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, TNFa; and a superinducing effect on IL-2. Ofloxacin has profound bactericidal, anti-tubercular, anti-leprotic, anti-viral including anti-coronavirus, anti-fungal, anti-protozoal, comedolytic, anti-comedogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-malignant: pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative potential, including TGFb1 targeted G2 phase cell cycle arrest and telomerase activity impairment. Objectives of the study were a comparative clinical pharmacotherapeutic efficacy and chronopharmacovigilance assessment study, of ofloxacin, one of the commonplace TGFb1 inducing and telomerase impairing fluoroquinolones, in treating heterogenous global patients, suffering from different diseases.Methods: A prospective, multivariate study of 100 patients, allotted into group A (acute gastroenteritis) =20, group B (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) =20, group C (new drug-sensitive tuberculosis) =20, group D (recurrent mixed cutaneous infections) =20, and group E (post-surgical refractory wound infections) =20, was prescribed ofloxacin 200-400 mg twice daily, according to required prescribed regimens. A comparative pharmacotherapeutic efficacy assessment was made from the complete recovery time-periods, including the residual recovery time-periods. The chronopharmacovigilance assessment was made by adverse effects occurrence monitoring during treatment period or follow-up, with an Adverse Event Case Report Form. Results: The residual recovery time-periods, in group A=0 days, group B=2 days, group E=3 days, group D=3 days, and group C=7 days. Adverse effects were not statistically significant, with a predictable chronopharmacovigilance illustration.Conclusions: The pharmacotherapeutic efficacy of ofloxacin was more for treating group A, followed by group B, followed by group E and group D, and finally followed by group C. Ofloxacin was safe, without any pharmacogenomic or pharmacogeographic heterogeneity related fluctuation.
Study of clinico-epidemiological profile of leprosy patients at tertiary care center
Authors: Kumar Ujjwal , Varma Krishnendra , Baraithiya Kamlapat
Published: February 2021

Background: Leprosy is often mentioned as the oldest disease known to man, the origins of which are lost in the mists of antiquity. In spite of having been declared eliminated in December 2005 from India as a public health problem, India has still 60% of the entire global case load.

Methods: A total of 60 Leprosy patients belonged to Ujjain and its adjoining districts, attending the outpatient department of dermatology at R.D Gardi medical college, Ujjain (M.P.). Over a period of 1 year i.e. January 2019 to December 2019 constituted the subject material for study. The data was analysed for clinico-epidemiological characteristic and relevant investigations were done.

Results: A total of 60 patients attended the leprosy clinic during the study period. Maximum number of patient belonged to age groups of 21-40 years. Male preponderance with M:F ratio was 3:1. Family history was seen in 3 patients (5.0%). 73.3% patients were from rural area. Borderline tuberculoid (19 patients) was commonest clinical presentation and 2 cases of childhood leprosy were recorded.

Conclusions: The present study gives a general picture about the current trends of Leprosy in this particular region and highlights the importance of clinico-epidemiological profile and relevant investigations. This study emphasizes the need of spread of awareness about the disease, facilities for investigation and early diagnosis.

 
Study of quality of life in patients with premature graying of hair in Western Indian population
Authors: Mathias Dipti , Patvekar Milind A. , Deora Mahendra S. , Dalave Kalyan T. , Raheja Aishwarya
Published: February 2021

Background: Quality of life in patients with premature graying of hair is an under studied topic in Indian population. Its onset in adolescence may have a significant effect on the developing psyche of an individual sufferer impairing academic and work related performance and can be associated with low self esteem, low confidence which can further be associated with depression. Aim was to objectively evaluate the impact of premature canities on QoL and early identification of patients in need of medical and psychological intervention.

Methods: The impact on QoL was calculated with the help of a modified and prevalidated questionnaire based on the dermatology life quality index proposed by Finley and Kahn. One hundred patients with onset of canities before the age of 25 years were enrolled, after approval by the institutional ethical committee.

Results: The mean modified DLQI score recorded was 14.3±6.76. Total of 71% patients were found to have a very large to extremely large effect on the QoL. Guilt, mood fluctuation and need for medical intervention were reported frequently. The comparison between DLQI scores of boys and girls was not significant.

Conclusions: Patients of premature canities were found to have profound impact on their QoL, attributable to their perception of the disease. Considering the age group affected, it could have a long‑term detrimental effect on their psychological and social wellbeing.

 
Prognostic Accuracy of the Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score and National Early Warning Scores in mortality rate of the Non-Traumatic Patients
Authors: Shahsavarinia Kavous , Alilou Aydin Mahmoud , Alilou Sevil Mahmoud , Mahmoud Alilou Parinaz , Gharekhani Afshin , Gilani Neda
Published: February 2021

Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of mortality in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) through the emergency department and based on Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and NEWS2 criteria.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients referred to the emergency department with a need of admission to ICU for any reason, were evaluated. Demographic data such as age and sex were recorded for data collection. Also, the main diagnosis, length of stay and hospitalization outcome along with data related to qSOFA, NEWS and NEWS2 indices were included in the researcher's checklist.
Results: Of 89 included patients, 52 (58.4%) were male and 37 (41.6%) were female, with mean age of 60.25±20.8. Our findings indicated that qSOFA is a good predictor for mortality in non-traumatic patients so that qSOFA has 48% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the diagnosis of mortality in non-trauma patients. NEWS also has a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 71.4% in the diagnosis of non-traumatic mortality. And NEWS2 has 72% sensitivity and 78.6% specificity in non-traumatic mortality diagnosis.
Conclusion: Our findings suggested that the sensitivity and specificity of qSOFA, NEWS and NEWS2 in predicting the mortality of non-traumatic patients who were admitted in emergency departments and hospitalized in ICU, are high and reliablen.
Effect of General Anesthesia with Thiopental Sodium and Propofol on the 1- and 5 minute Apgar newborns by Cesarean
Authors: Yusefi Moghadam Manijeh , Davarinia Motlagh Quchan Arezoo , Eftekhariyazdi Mitra , Khalili-Shomia Sedighe
Published: February 2021

Background: The Apgar score of newborn babies is a determining factor involved with mortality of newborns after birth. Regarding the disagreement on advantages and possible disadvantages of propofol and thiopental in the available references, the study was triggered with the aim of analyzing effects of two mentioned drugs on babies’ Apgar score.
Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, a total of 100 healthy women who volunteered to undertake cesarean operation were selected and then divided randomly into two equal groups using statistical blocking. One group was treated by propofol while other one was treated by thiopental. The prescribed drugs for both groups were identical. Babies’ Apgar score 1 and 5 minutes after birth and recovery period and some of the critical maternal parameters after operation were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software.
Results: Apgar score I minute 1 (p=0.317) and Apgar score in minute 5 (p=1.00) for propofol group were not different meaningfully. The groups had significant differences in the indices such as first systolic (P=0.00) and diastolic (P=0.00) pressure in recovery, last diastolic pressure in recovery (P=0.001) and duration of postoperative recovery (P=0.001). Statistical analysis of nausea and vomit in both groups showed that they are lower in propofol group rather than the thiopental group (p=0.000).
Conclusion: Propofol and thiopental did not differ significantly in Apgar score, but it seems that propofol can be a better option to induce anesthesia for an elective cesarean operation.
The Right Time for Chest Tube Removal in the Patient with Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Heydari Abbas , Sadat Manzari Zahra , Abdollahi Masoud
Published: February 2021

Background: Chest tube insertion is recommended after cardiac surgery, and inserted annually for a large number of these patients. In addition to its benefits, the chest tube may have risks that are mismanaged. One of these risks is the possibility of pleural effusion, which can occur in high rates. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to properly manage the chest tube and reduce its complications.
Methods: This systematic review of cohort study asked the question: Is there enough evidence to determine the right time to remove the chest tube? We searched ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Embase from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2019 to identify retrospective or prospective cohort studies.
Results: Three studies recommended early chest tube removal and two studies late removal. Of course, early and late removals in the studies had different meanings and time frames that were examined).
Conclusion: More evidences and studies are needed to determine the right timing and management of the chest tube removal but our systematic review based on the available evidences revealed that if the chest tube removal occurs about 24 hours postoperatively, and with less than 100 ml drainage within the last 8 hours, it will reduce the risk of pleural effusion and improve many other outcomes.
Misoprostol Induced Hyperpyrexia associated with Seizures in Postpartum Parturient: Rare Side Effect and its Management in Critical Care Settings
Authors: Kapoor Dheeraj , Sharma Manju , Singh Manpreet , Sinha Shraddha , Kathuria Binish
Published: February 2021

Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue and has been reccommended as a safe, effective, easy to administer, cost efficient next in line drug after oxytocin, for the treatment and prevention of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). Notwithstanding, it causes certain undesirable side effects compared to oxytocin such as nausea, vomiting, shivering, diarrhoea and transient fever. Transient pyrexia is commonly related with misoprostol administration, due to shift of hypothalamic set point. However, hyperpyrexia clubbed with seizures is a rare yet self-limiting side effect and requires prompt management strategies. There have been case reports describing fever following misoprostol administration but only few describing hyperpyrexia and even fewer describing with seizures. We report a case of hyperpyrexia associated with delayed presentation of generalised sezuires after administration of rectal misoprotol and its successful management in critical care settings.
Fentanyl not an Exception to Anaphylaxis
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Mageshwaran , Vinay Vartika , Eda Jhansi , Gupta Bhavna
Published: February 2021

Intraoperative anaphylaxis can lead to significant morbidity and mortality but rarely occurs. Vascular collapse and bronchospasm are the hallmarks of this condition. numerous agents have been identified as triggers of intraoperative anaphylaxis, the most common being neuromuscular blocking drugs and latex. But opioids rarely cause anaphylaxis. We report an unusual case of intraoperative anaphylaxis with pulmonary edema during a routine plastic surgery procedure was due to iv fentanyl.
Transcriptome based analysis of apoptosis genes in chickens co-infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus and pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Hashemi Shabnam , Hosseini Seyed Masoud , Ghalyanchilangeroudi Arash , Sheikhi Nariman
Published: February 2021

Background and Objectives: Infection with Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is an important respiratory infection worldwide. Apoptosis is a physiological process of cell death that occurs as part of normal development and responds to a variety of physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. The identification of molecular mechanisms of action or inaction of key apoptotic proteins is important. This study aimed to investigate apoptotic related genes in the trachea tissue of infected (IBV variant 2, and APEC serotype O78: K80) SPF chickens group compared to the control group.
Materials and Methods: Forty SPF chickens was divided into 2 groups. Differential transcriptional profile in the infected SPF chickens trachea tissue was compared to those of control group in the early stage of infection by Illumina RNA-seq technique paired-end and strand-specific sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of transcriptome profiling of the trachea from the infected group were identified. Gene ontology category, KEGG pathway, and STRING analysis were analyzed to identify relationships among differentially expressed genes.
Results: Twenty-eight apoptotic genes were identified. They consisted of six pathways related to cell death: the extrinsic pathway, intrinsic pathway, endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and cell death by NFkB and activates mTOR pathway and some regulator and apoptosis inhibitors.
Conclusion: All of the apoptotic genes in our study were up-regulated. Among these genes, the more fold change value was for TRADD and BCL2A1 genes, and the less fold change value was for MAP3K14, NFKB1, PIK3CB, and ITPR2 genes.
Clinical characteristics and molecular detection of Bordetella pertussis in hospitalized children with a clinical diagnosis of whooping cough in Peru
Authors: Valle-Mendoza Juana del , Valle-Varga Cristina del , Aquino-Ortega Ronald , Del Valle Luis J. , Cieza-Mora Erico , Silva-Caso Wilmer , Bazán-Mayra Jorge , Zavaleta-Gavidia Victor , Aguilar-Luis Miguel Angel , Cornejo-Pacherres Hernán , Martins-Luna Johanna , CornejoTapia Angela
Published: February 2021

Background and Objectives: Pertussis is an infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. In Peru, actual public health programs indicate that vaccination against B. pertussis must be mandatory and generalized, besides all detected cases must be reported. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of B. pertussis among children under five years of age with a presumptive diagnosis of whopping cough in Cajamarca, a region located in northern Peru.
Materials and Methods: The population of this cross-sectional study were children under 5 years old hospitalized as presumptive cases of pertussis during December 2017 to December 2018. The nasopharyngeal samples were analyzed by real-time PCR for the detection of B. pertussis.
Antimicrobial activity of bioactive compounds of Haplopappus multifolius and Haplopappus taeda against human pathogenic microorganisms
Authors: Padilla Carlos , Lobos Olga , Poblete-Tapia Patricia , Carrasco-Sánchez Verónica
Published: February 2021

Background and Objectives: Haplopappus multifolius Phil. Ex Reiche and Haplopappus taeda Reiche are medicinal shrubs native to Chile and are popularly known as "Bailahuén". Regularly, this plant is used for liver, digestive and renal affections, as well as colds and the cleaning of infected wounds. The aim of the study was to identify the responsible compounds for the antimicrobial activity of H. multifolius and H. taeda.
Materials and Methods: Infusions and ethanolic extracts of H. taeda and H. multifolius were analysed by thin-layer chromatography bioautography (TLC-B) to determine the compounds responsible for the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains and yeasts of Bailahuén. Finally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of pure compounds isolated was determinate.
Results: Extract of Bailahuén had activity only against Gram-positive bacterial strains and this activity was associated with aesculetin, 18-acetoxy-cis-cleroda-3,13E-dien-15-oic acid and aromadendrin-7-methyl ether compounds.
Conclusion: H. multifolius and H. taeda have antibacterial capacity on different species of Gram-positive bacteria pathogenic for humans.
High resolution melting assay in discrimination of the main etiologic agents of leishmaniasis in Iran
Authors: Fayaz Shima , Fard-Esfahani Pezhman , Bahrami Fariborz , Parvizi Parviz , Ajdary Soheila
Published: February 2021

Background and Objectives: The three old world Leishmania species i.e., L. major, L. tropica, and L. infantum are considered as potential etiological agents of the various clinical forms of leishmaniasis in Iran. Different species co-exist in some areas. Accurate differentiation between the species is essential for choosing an appropriate therapy. Conventional and gold standard methods for the detection and characterization of parasites are time-consuming, laborious, and have low sensitivity. A polymerase chain reaction followed by high resolution melting (PCR-HRM) analysis has been employed for detection and species identification. Most of the studies suffer from the use of multiple targets and/ or requiring more than one reaction to identify a single sample. The present study aimed to design a PCR method based on the amplification of kinetoplast DNA minicircles (kDNA) and HRM analysis of the amplicons for rapid discrimination of the three mentioned species.
Materials and Methods: DNA from reference strains including L. major, L. tropica, and L. infantum and fifty-eight strains subjected to PCR-HRM analysis targeting kDNA. All the samples were also analyzed by conventional kDNA- PCR.
Results: The PCR-HRM analysis allowed discrimination between the three Old World species. The normalized HRM curves for the amplicons of kDNA indicated a unique and repeatable melting plot for each species, even in combination with human and mouse genomic DNA. Conventional kDNA- PCR could not properly discriminate L. tropica from L. infantum.
Conclusion: PCR- HRM analysis of kDNA proved to be fast and accurate for discrimination of L. major, L. tropica, and L. infantum.
Ḍilā’ al-Kharāfati ‘alā al-Tarbiyyati fī al-‘Asr al-‘Abbasī
Authors: Basri Hasan
Published: February 2021

Although the establishment of Abbasid Dynasty was based on bloodshed, the dynasty had experienced golden periods, and one of them was education. That phenomenon was marked by the rise of Baitul Hikmah library which was the meeting point of sciences either from the west (Greece) or the east (India, Persia, and China). Then, Muslim experts developed them into various sciences, such as mathematics, philosophy, astronomy, medicine, physics, metaphysics, and literature. This article aimed to describe forms of fable in Abbasid dynasty, and the impact of fable in education during Abbasid dynasty. This study employed descriptive qualitative method by literature review approach based on post-positivism philosophy. In collecting the data, the study uses various techniques, such as reading and writing. To test the validity of the data, the author applied triangulation method. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results of this research showed that the fable forms in Abbasid dynasty are fable translation, while the impact of fable to education in Abbasid dynasty is moral learning effort of Abbasid dynasty’s society.
Evaluating technological progress in public policies: the case of the high-speed railways in the Netherlands
Authors: Marks Peter , Gerrits Lasse
Published: February 2021

Main-stream evaluations of failed policies are geared towards finding a limited set of factors that are deemed to have caused the problem. This is particularly so in the case of high-profile public projects such as in technology and infrastructure development. While justified from the point of political accountability, this article presents an alternative view. Following insights from evolutionary economics and complex systems about the embedded nature of technological systems and the role of chance next to purposeful planning, we demonstrate that traditional policy evaluations are misguided when geared towards simplistic cause-and-effect relations. To this end, we analyze the reasons for the mixed results in the Dutch high-speed railway case. The findings show that, contrary to popular opinions in the political domain, technological progress did take place. However, misalignment between social practices and technological systems masked that progress.
Teaching Complexity and Its Practical Implications in Leadership Development Programs
Authors: Hazy James K
Published: February 2021

This article describes an advanced leadership seminar for senior managers and executives. The three module seminar describes how thoughtful leaders can learn to succeed even under conditions of extreme complexity. The first module describes complexity in the scientific sense and highlights the need to allow events to develop so that emergent patterns can be identified. The second module shows how this new complexity perspective can be used to frame and communicate social and economic imperatives in ways that move the organization forward. The third module puts this knowledge to work and enables participants to be better stewards of collective leadership within their organizations. Some reflections on the success of the program and potential improvements are offered in the concluding section.
Public Administration and Complexity – or how to teach things we can’t predict?
Authors: Rhodes Mary Lee , Eppel Elizabeth Anne
Published: February 2021

Introduction to the special issue ‘Teaching Complexity’
How to educate navigators in a complex world: making a case in higher professional education in The Netherlands
Authors: Van der Cingel Paul
Published: February 2021

This article focuses on the increased relevance and urgency to pay explicit attention to complexity-informed perspectives on real-world issues in Dutch higher professional education. Moreover, it describes lessons learned from experiments with so-called Embedded Complexity Workshops. These workshops, comprised of activities like network visualization, yield promising results and can serve as a starting point for further development.
Responsive Governance and Harmful Microbial Blooms on Lake Erie: An ABM Approach
Authors: Webster DG , Pavlovich Tyler
Published: February 2021

In general, decision makers tend to respond to problems rather than prevent them. In political science, this process of responsive governance is associated with complex dynamics such as availability cascades and punctuated equilibrium. However, most authors treat problems as one-time events, like oil spills or political scandals. Here, we use an agent based model loosely based on the Lake Erie watershed to explore how responsive governance evolves along with an on-going but noisy environmental problem: harmful microbial blooms. This conceptual model features a two-level decision process based on Jones and Baumgartner (2005). Meta-agents representing the individual level of analysis “perceive” blooms either directly via observation if they are near a bloom or indirectly through the media. As a meta-agent observes more blooms, their concern increases until it crosses an action threshold, at which point they use simple cost-benefit analysis to select from a range of options. One of these options is to send a signal to their policy agent, which aggregates these political signals based on a range of assumptions and then decides on actions in much the same way as the metapopulations themselves. We examine two major scenarios, one in which there is a single policy maker managing the entire region (e.g. the national government) and one where there are 5 policy makers, each separately regulating a demographically and geographically distinct region. Although the model is relatively simple, it lets us explore how variability in risk perception and responsive governance shape the functioning of the entire coupled human and natural system, including biophysical feedbacks.
Strengthening the institution-behavior link in the SES Framework to facilitate comparative analysis of environmental public goods dilemmas
Authors: Hammond Wagner Courtney Ryder
Published: February 2021

Many great environmental challenges take the form of environmental public goods dilemmas, including climate change, water quality deterioration and biodiversity loss. There is a great need for comparative analysis of these challenges to inform the design of governance institutions for sustainable resource management. The Social-ecological Systems (SES) framework provides a foundational structure for analyzing the sustainability of complex, multi-scale SES. However, in application, the SES framework has struggled to facilitate analysis of SES beyond common-pool resource regimes and the emergence of community-based collective action governance institutions. In this paper, I propose to expand the focus of the SES framework on the link between institution and behavior in order to facilitate the application of the SES Framework to environmental public goods dilemmas and the study of diverse institutional arrangements. First, I examine attributes of environmental public goods dilemmas that differentiate them from CPR regimes: the lack of a behavior-reinforcing link, multi-actor and multi-resource system dynamics, higher levels of uncertainty and complexity, and lack of built-in social capital. Then I suggest that these same attributes increase the need to study a broader suite of governance institutions in these systems. I propose that one way to address both of these challenges to the application of the SES framework is to increase the focus on the institution-behavior link within the framework by incorporating variables to investigate the psychological drivers of individual behavior and decision-making. I link the attributes of environmental public goods with the need for an increased focus on actor decision making and behavior. Then I explore psychological and behavioral concepts that show potential to improve our understanding of system dynamics within environmental public goods dilemmas. Finally, I propose revisions to the SES Framework to facilitate this increased focus on the institution-behavior link. Incorporating psychological and behavioral theory into the SES framework to strengthen the institution-behavior link is a promising approach to allow for comparative study of institutional interventions for environmental public goods. Ultimately, a better understanding of which institutions promote behavior change within and across environmental public goods regimes can improve the sustainability of these systems.so
Transboundary Water Governance in the Kabul River Basin: Implementing Environmental and Public Diplomacy Between Pakistan and Afghanistan
Authors: Panikkar Bindu , Zia Asim , Sgorbati Susan , Cohen Michael , Abid Muhammand , Fayyaz Muhammad , Hashimi Nadia , Ali Shaukat , Ahmad Monir , Aman Zuhra , Halasah Suleiman , Rice Diana , Del Rossi Gemma , Ryan Benjamin , Hameed Kashif , Hussain Mujahid , Salimee Naeem
Published: February 2021

This research highlights the outcomes of the environmental diplomacy workshop held between members of civil society from Afghanistan and Pakistan on water cooperation in the Kabul River Basin, one of the most heavily conflicted transboundary river basins in the world. Lack of trust among these upstream and downstream riparian partners and persistent failures of Track 1 diplomacy initiatives has led to an absence of governance mechanisms for mitigating the water security concerns in the region. This research shows that science and public diplomacy, democratic participation, and social learning may pave a way to clear local misconceptions, improve transboundary water cooperation, and increase ecological stewardship in the Kabul River Basin.
Adaptive Governance of Coupled Social-Ecological Systems: Introduction to the Special Issue Themes
Authors: Zia Asim
Published: February 2021

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Covid-19 e sociedade: ensaios sobre a experiência social da pandemia
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Castro Bárbara
Published: February 2021

Este livro busca compreender o fenômeno da pandemia de COVID-19 e seus desdobramentos sociais a partir do acúmulo teórico e metodológico das Ciências Humanase Sociais. O conjunto de ensaios aqui reunidos é, ao mesmo tempo, um registro histórico de como vivemos o tempo presente, cercado de incertezas, e um modo de compreender como chegamos até aqui. Apresentamos como a pandemia pode ser interpretada à luz das teorias, métodos, perguntas, objetos e sujeitos de nossas pesquisas em quatro eixos temáticos: 1) Disputas políticas, bolsonarismo e lutas por direitos; 2) Mulheres, periferias e orixás: estratégias sociais de enfrentamento à pandemia; 3) Desigualdade social, trabalho, risco e cuidado; e 4) Interpretações a partir da teoria social.
Dynamics Of Total Suspended Solid (TSS) Around Coral Reef Beach Damas, Trenggalek
Authors: Yonar Mayshita , Luthfi Oktiyas Muzaky , Isdianto Andik
Published: February 2021

Total suspended solids (TSS) are sediment material that floats in the water column that moves without touching the water bed, influenced by input from land, river flow, and water oceanography factors. TSS is closely related to sedimentation, which can harm aquatic ecosystems, especially coral reefs. This research was conducted using TSS data as well as flow data for each season (May, June, October 2019, February and March 2020) to know the distribution of suspended solids concentration, knowing the dynamics of changes in TSS concentrations on Damas Beach by season, and to determine the relationship TSS with the growth of coral reefs at Damas Beach. TSS levels in Damas waters are quite high, which can be indicated by the turbid waters. TSS levels in March 2020 showed dominating results with a range of 37.8–72.6 mg/L and an increase in the range of 72.7-145 mg/L. The highest distribution of TSS on Damas Beach is found in the Rainy season.
South African Economy: No Easy Life Ahead
Authors: Mozias P.
Published: February 2021

South African rand depreciated in 2013–2014 under the influence of a number of factors. Internationally, its weakness was associated with the capital outflow from all emerging markets as a result of QE’s tapering in the US. Domestically, rand plummeted because of the deterioration of the macroeconomic stance of South Africa itself: economic growth stalled and current account deficit widened again. Consumer spending was restrained with the high household indebtedness, investment climate worsened with the wave of bloody strikes, and net export was still prone to J-curve effect despite the degree of the devaluation happened. But, in its turn, those problems are a mere reflection of the deep institutional misbalances inherent to the very model of the national economy. Saving rate is too low in South Africa. This leads not only to an insufficient investment, but also to trade deficits and overdependence on speculative capital inflows. Extremely high unemployment means that the country’s economic potential is substantially underutilized. Joblessness is generated, first and foremost, by the dualistic structure of the national entrepreneurship. Basic wages are being formed by way of a bargaining between big public and semi state companies, on the one hand, and trade unions associated with the ruling party, on the other. Such a system is biased towards protection of vested interests of those who earn money in capital-intensive industries. At the same time, these rates of wages are prohibitively high for a small business; so far private companies tend to avoid job creation. A new impulse to economic development is likely to emerge only through the government’s efforts to mitigate disproportions and to pursue an active industrial policy. National Development Plan adopted in 2012 is a practical step in that direction. But the growth of public investment is constrained by a necessity of fiscal austerity; as a result, the budget deficit remained too large in recent years. South African Reserve Bank will have to choose between a stimulation of economic growth with low interest rates, on the one hand, and a support of rand by tightening of monetary policy, on the other. This dilemma will greatly influence prices of securities and yields at South African financial markets.
Retinal Genomic Fabrics Remodeling after Optic Nerve Injury
Authors: Victorino Pedro Henrique , Marra Camila , Iacobas Dumitru Andrei , Iacobas Sanda , Spray David C , Linden Rafael , Adesse Daniel , Petrs-Silva Hilda
Published: February 2021

Glaucoma is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, characterized by degeneration of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). There has been little progress in developing efficient strategies for neuroprotection in glaucoma. We profiled the retina transcriptome of Lister Hooded rats at 2 weeks after optic nerve crush (ONC) and analyzed the data from the Genomic Fabric Paradigm (GFP) to bring additional insights into the molecular mechanisms of the retinal remodeling after induction of RGC degeneration. GFP considers for the expression of each gene 3 independent characteristics: level, variability and correlation with each other gene. Thus, the 17,657 quantified genes our study generated a total of 155,911,310 values to analyze. This represents 8,830x more data per condition than a traditional transcriptomic analysis. ONC led to a 57% reduction in RGC numbers as detected by retrograde labeling with DiI. We observed a higher Relative Expression Variability after ONC. Gene expression stability was used as a measure of transcription control and disclosed a robust reduction in the number of very stably expressed genes. Predicted Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) analysis with STRING revealed axon and neuron projection as mostly decreased processes, consistent with RGC degeneration. Conversely, immune response PPIs were found among up-regulated genes. Enrichment analysis showed that Complement Cascade and Notch Signaling Pathway, as well as Oxidative Stress and Kit Receptor Pathway were affected after ONC. To expand our studies of altered molecular pathways, we examined the pair-wise coordination of gene expressions within each pathway and within the entire transcriptome using Pearson correlations. ONC increased the number of synergistically coordinated pairs of genes and the number of similar profiles mainly in Complement Cascade and Notch Signaling Pathway. This deep bioinformatic study provides novel insights beyond the regulation of individual gene expression and discloses changes in the control of expression of Complement Cascade and Notch Signaling functional pathways that may be relevant for both RGC degeneration and remodeling of the retinal tissue after ONC.
A Review on Response Mechanism of Plants to Drought Stress
Authors: Yang Xinyi , Lu Meiqi , Wang Yvfei , Wang Yiran , Liu Zhijie , Chen Su
Published: February 2021

With the global climate anomalies and the destruction of ecological balance, water shortage has become a serious ecological problem facing all mankind, and drought has become a key factor restricting the development of agricultural production. Therefore, it is essential to study the drought tolerance of crops. On the basis of previous studies, we reviewed the effects of drought stress on plant morphology and physiology, including the changes of external morphology and internal structure of root, stem and leaf, the effects of drought stress on osmotic regulation sub-stances, drought-induced proteins and active oxygen metabolism of plants. In this paper, the main drought stress signals and signal transduction pathways in plants are described, and the functional genes and regulatory genes related to drought stress are listed respectively. We summarize the above aspects in order to provide valuable background knowledge and theoret-ical basis for future agriculture and forestry breeding and cultivation.
Adsorption of Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles on Curved Surfaces
Authors: Ozmaian Aye , Coalson Rob D. , Ozmaian Masoumeh
Published: February 2021

Nanometer-curved surfaces are abundant in biological systems as well as in nano-sized technologies. Properly functionalized polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNs) adhere to surfaces with different geometries and curvatures. This work explores some of the energetic and mechanical characteristics of the adhesion of PGNs to surfaces with positive, negative and zero curvatures using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics (CGMD) simulations. Our calculated free energies of binding of the PGN to the curved and flat surfaces as a function of separation distance show that curvature of the surfaces critically impacts the adhesion strength. We find that the flat surface is the most adhesive, and the concave surface is the least adhesive surface. This somewhat counterintuitive finding suggests that while a bare nanoparticle is more likely to adhere to a positively curved surface than a flat surface, grafting polymer chains to the nanoparticle surface inverts this behavior. Moreover, we studied the rheological behavior of PGN upon separation from the flat and curved surfaces under external pulling force. The results presented herein can be exploited in drug delivery and self-assembly applications.
Diseño de experimentos para optimizar resistencia e índices de capacidad de un fusible
Authors: Torres Sosa Jesús Antonio , Rodríguez Picón Luis Alberto , Méndez González Luis Carlos , Pérez Olguín Iván Juan Carlos
Published: February 2021

Las empresas de manufactura buscan ofrecer productos de calidad a sus clientes. Sin embargo, la calidad es subjetiva, en función de los requerimientos únicos de cada producto y cómo estos son afectados por distintas condiciones a los que está sometido el material durante su proceso de fabricación. Por ello, se busca, por medio de estudios de capacidad de proceso, verificar que las especificaciones de los productos cumplan con lo solicitado por el cliente. La resistencia en un fusible evita que los equipos sufran sobrecargas de energía, actuando como un dispositivo de seguridad y, debido a ello, es importante que la resistencia cumpla con su función y evite daños graves. Por medio del análisis de índices de capacidad, es factible concluir si un proceso es capaz o no, evaluando una característica crítica del producto. Cuando los índices muestran un proceso no capaz, se busca, con distintas herramientas estadísticas, encontrar una solución para evitar deficiencias en el proceso. En el presente artículo se reporta el desarrollo de un diseño de experimentos para optimizar la resistencia en un fusible y mejorar los índices de capacidad del proceso. Se presenta un esquema de experimentación para la optimización de los parámetros del proceso y al final se logró incrementar la capacidad del proceso, pasando de un Cpk de 0.25 a 1.24, lo cual denota la mejora del mismo.
Trinity Metaphysics
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State Institute for Psychology and Social Work, Solovyev Nikita A.
Published: February 2021

A ternary ontological model in which the living being is a triad of I – form – substrate is described. I is an intangible subject, contemplating the content of consciousness and controlling the material body, which is the unity of the form and the substrate. The contents of consciousness are connected both with the form of the body, which I contemplate in the inner “mental space” in the form of in­formation, and with the substrate, which embodies the forms of the body and is responsible for sensations and intentions. The problem of control of the material body by the non-material self is solved under the assumption that the human brain is a quantum object. The ternary model of a living being is inscribed in an absolute ontology, in which the Absolute also has a threefold structure and is the unstitched unity of the absolute I, the absolute Form and the absolute Sub­strate. The Absolute creates the other world with its threefold energies, which provides the threefold structure of a living being. The created world arises from the timeless world of the potential possibilities of the Universe, which modern cosmology associates with its wave function. Created entities arise in the process of alienation from the Absolute, resulting in free will.