bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and safety of liraglutide in the treatment of childhood obesity
Authors: Sharshova Olga G. , Chubarov Timofey V. , Peterkova Valentina A. , Zhdanova Olga A. , Artyushchenko Anna I.
Published: February 2025

Childhood obesity remains one of the leading health problems. Recommendations for diet therapy and lifestyle changes are not always followed by patients and often do not lead to weight loss. The use of the drug liraglutide is promising in the treatment of childhood obesity. Aims — to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of using a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue (liraglutide) in the treatment of obesity in children. Methods. A single-center prospective uncontrolled study of the use of liraglutide in children aged 12–18 years with constitutionally exogenous obesity for 12 months was conducted. The dynamics of BMI SDS (a reduction of 0.25 units or more), the presence or absence of obesity complications, complaints, and changes in laboratory indicators during the use of the drug were evaluated. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out with calculations of the arithmetic mean (M), standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence intervals, as well as the median and interquartile range (Me [25; 75]). Results. The study included 68 patients aged 12–18 years with obesity of varying degrees: 14 (20.6%) patients with grade II obesity, 40 (58.8%) children with grade III obesity, and 14 (20.6%) patients with morbid obesity. Comorbid conditions were present in 61 (89.7%) children. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (in 60.3% of children) and carbohydrate metabolism disorders (in 41.1% of cases) were more frequently registered in children with morbid obesity (p 0.05). A reduction in BMI SDS was observed in 76.5% of patients, including 47 children who had a reduction of more than 0.25 kg/m². Three (4.4%) children maintained their weight (BMI SDS dynamics ± 0.05), and 7 (10.3%) patients increased their body mass. After 12 months of therapy, body weight decreased from 100,5 ± 19,7 to 99,2 ± 20,5 kg (р 0,001), an average reduction of 6 kg (5,7%), and BMI SDS from 3,49 ± 0,66 to 2,82 ± 1,12 kg/m² (р 0,001), an average reduction of 0,67 kg/m² (19.2%). The incidence of arterial hypertension decreased from 30.9 to 4.8% (p 0.004), carbohydrate metabolism disorders from 41.1 to 19.4% (p = 0.004), dyslipidemia from 20.6 to 9.7%, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease from 60.3 to 50%. Gastrointestinal side effects were reported by 10 (14.7%) patients during planned dose escalation, and in 5 patients (7.4%), the maximum tolerable dose was 2.4 mg. Conclusions. Liraglutide has shown good efficacy in the treatment of obesity in children — positive body weight dynamics at the end of therapy after 8–12 months was achieved in 76.5% of patients, 4.4% of children stabilized body weight. The decrease in patients’ body weight was accompanied by an improvement in metabolic parameters and a decrease in the detection of obesity complications. Gastrointestinal side effects were noted in 14.7% of patients during dose escalation and did not require discontinuation of therapy thereafter.
Analysis of the prevalence of disease risk factors among adolescents professionally oriented to medicine based on the results of the survey
Authors: Biryukova Natalya V. , Khalfin Ruslan  A. , Madyanova Victoria V.
Published: February 2025

Background. Medical workers are called upon to be a standard in matters of health culture. This determines the need for its formation at all stages of continuous medical education, including at the stage of pre-professional specialized education. Aims — to study the prevalence of risk factors for health problems among senior school-age adolescents at the stage of pre-professional medical education by means of a survey. Methods. A one-stage descriptive survey was conducted in the 2022–2023 academic year with the participation of schoolchildren in grades 10–11, through an online survey using an original questionnaire aimed at identifying risk factors for health disorders among adolescents at the stage of pre-professional medical education. Results. The study showed the presence of at least one habit or risk factor for the development of health disorders in more than 90% of adolescents, schoolchildren professionally oriented to medicine. Adverse factors such as increased consumption of sweets, excessive addition of spices and salt to food, combination of eating and reading and overeating have the highest frequency, on average 37% of adolescents are prone to these habits. Conclusions. It is important to take into account the identified risk factors of health disorders when planning medical, social and educational activities for the formation of a health culture among adolescents at the stage of pre-professional medical education.
To the 70th anniversary of the Academician of the Russian academy of sciences Igor B. Ushakov
Authors: Zverev Vitaliy V.
Published: February 2025

28 October 2024 turned 70 years old Igor Borisovich Ushakov — Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation, Chief Researcher of the State Research Center — Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Biological Agency (Moscow).
O Nordeste: reflexões sobre uma política alternativa de desenvolvimento
Authors: FURTADO CELSO
Published: February 2025

RESUMO Este artigo reforça algumas ideias expressas no último quarto de século no documento que deu origem à SUDENE e as analisa à luz dos acontecimentos das últimas décadas. As conclusões são de que as linhas mestras (1) a necessidade de transformação da estrutura agrária e (2) a prioridade que deve ser dada à industrialização como elemento dinâmico do desenvolvimento regional continuam válidas. Em relação ao processo de industrialização, destaca-se a necessidade de uma ampla articulação entre a indústria e o mercado local (o que confere à industrialização o caráter de instrumento de homogeneidade social).
Influencia del voluntarismo de Duns Escoto en el origen del pensamiento moderno
Authors: Guerín Ignacio Miralbell , Tobar Claudia Muñoz
Published: February 2025

Resumen: En este trabajo desarrollamos una discusión que busca aclarar y fundamentar la tesis de que el voluntarismo tardo medieval, principalmente el de Duns Escoto, es un factor cuya consideración es indispensable para entender el origen del pensamiento moderno y su deriva en una cultura de la libertad y la innovación como fines en sí mismos. Por voluntarismo entendemos la concepción de la voluntad divina y también humana como una potencia que se determina a sí misma en su acto y que, en este particular sentido, es absolutamente libre, pues no reconoce otra influencia más allá de ella misma. Tanto el acto de la voluntad como su efecto se entienden entonces como un producto enteramente nuevo y original. Realizamos un análisis crítico de este voluntarismo a partir de los textos de Escoto y otros autores medievales, y un análisis histórico-filosófico de su posible influencia en la evolución de la filosofía moderna.
Rafael e a metafísica de artista em O nascimento da tragédia
Authors: Itaparica André Luís Mota
Published: February 2025

Resumo: Rafael é um dos pintores mais citados na obra de Nietzsche. Em O nascimento da tragédia, Nietzsche desenvolve uma teoria da arte apolínea, na qual Rafael desempenha um papel importante. Procura-se mostrar o lugar que Rafael ocupa em sua metafísica da artista, a partir de uma fonte pouco estudada, nesse contexto, na bibliografia secundária: o ensaio de Schopenhauer sobre a visão de espíritos. Assim, o propósito deste artigo é aprofundar a compreensão da arte apolínea, por meio de uma fonte pouco explorada (o ensaio de Schopenhauer) e de um tema pouco pesquisado (as artes plásticas em Nietzsche). A hipótese é que o ensaio de Schopenhauer esclarece a relação entre Nietzsche e Rafael, assim como enriquece sua metafísica de artista.
Insegurança alimentar, meio ambiente e habitabilidade em domicílios situados nas áreas urbana e rural no Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro Eloah Costa de Sant Anna , Rodrigues Aléxia Vieira de Abreu , Ghiggino Luana Teixeira , Câmara João Henrique Rabelo , Costa Rosana Salles da , Ferreira Aline Alves
Published: February 2025

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a relação da insegurança alimentar e as condições de saneamento básico e habitabilidade em domicílios, segundo área urbana e rural no Brasil. Estudo transversal, baseado nos microdados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares de 2017/2018. Foram analisadas as condições de habitação a partir do tipo de acesso à água, ao escoamento sanitário, ao serviço de coleta de lixo, presença de rio, lago, baías poluídas próximas ao domicílio, presença de encosta próxima ao domicílio e presença de animais sinantrópicos. A insegurança alimentar foi aferida pela Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar, e considerou-se como desfecho a ocorrência dos níveis mais severos nos domicílios (insegurança alimentar moderada/grave). As estimativas de prevalência e odds ratio foram geradas com intervalos de 95% de confiança, e utilizou-se o software Stata. Na área urbana, os domicílios que tiveram maior chance de insegurança alimentar moderada/grave foram associados a presença de poço, descarte inadequado de lixo e falta de esgoto tratado, e na área rural, as maiores vulnerabilidades estavam relacionadas à presença de esgoto ligado à vala e ao risco de deslizamento/encosta/inundação. O saneamento básico e a habitabilidade apresentaram-se heterogêneos nas áreas rural e urbana do país, e essas condições representam desafios na garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional.
Economics and Social Science Interdisciplinarity in Times of Uncertainty: Profiles and Perspectives of the AEA Representatives at the SSRC, 1923-1938
Authors: Cruz-e-Silva Victor
Published: February 2025

Abstract The Social Science Research Council (SSRC) was created in 1923 to foster collaboration across social sciences and promote interdisciplinary knowledge. To achieve this, the Council brought together representatives from various learned societies, ranging from sociology to statistics. Economists, through the American Economic Association (AEA), were no exception. This paper seeks to identify the economists representing the AEA at the SSRC during the 1920s and 1930s and provide a broad overview of their economic perspectives. Additionally, the paper aims to outline a profile for the economists practicing social science interdisciplinarity in the interwar years, based on common features in their thoughts and professional engagements.
Sociodemographic and clinical profiles of patients receiving home care and the occurrence and management of healthcare-associated infections: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sousa Joelma Lacerda de , Sousa Neto Antonio Rosa de , Sales Jaqueline Carvalho e Silva , Magalhães Rosilane de Lima Brito , Andrade Denise de , Valle Andréia Rodrigues Moura da Costa
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Home care is increasingly adopted worldwide to improve patients’ quality of life and reduce the burden on hospitals. However, the risk of healthcare-related infections in home settings is a growing concern that necessitates further investigation and preventive measures. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe the sociodemographic and clinical profiles of home care patients, determine the incidence and management of healthcare-associated infections at home, and evaluate the risk factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: This quantitative, observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in Teresina, PI, Brazil. METHODS: Data were collected from 130 patients receiving home care between April 2016 and September 2020 in the state capital of Northeast Brazil. The data were retrospectively collected from hospital records using a previously validated form and analyzed. RESULTS: The cohort predominantly comprised men (53.1%), older adults (53.1%), and patients with neurological disorders (61.9%). Healthcare-associated infections were prevalent in 46.2% of home care patients, with respiratory infections being the most common (47.2%). Clinical diagnoses were made in 66.7% of these patients. Patients with female caregivers, with a tracheostomy, using invasive feeding devices for >6 months, and with a greater degree of dependence were more predisposed to infections. Adult patients, those with young adult caregivers, those who received long-term home care, and those who required prolonged tracheostomy were also at increased risk. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the home care patient profiles, prevalence of associated infections, and risk factors. Preventive measures and specific interventions are needed to enhance home care quality and reduce the infection risk.
Presence of phytoplasma in Chaya an ancient Maya edible plant
Authors: Nic-Matos G. , Córdova-Lara I. , Sáenz-Carbonell L.
Published: February 2025

Abstract Cnidoscolus aconitifolius ssp. aconitifolius and C. souzae are shrubs that are widely distributed in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. In recent years, they have shown symptoms characteristic of phytoplasma infection. Therefore, they were screened for the presence of phytoplasma using nested PCR with P1 and P7 primers, followed by R16F2n/R16R2 primers for universal phytoplasma detection. Through this protocol, phytoplasma was detected in both species that exhibited symptoms of infection. Sequence analysis, virtual RFLPs, and a phylogenetic tree confirmed that the Cnidoscolus species analyzed and sequenced are infected by phytoplasmas similar to those that infect cassava, belonging to subgroups 16SrIII-L. This study is the first to report the presence of phytoplasmas in chaya species.
Lymph flow, ionic and biochemical indicators of lymph and blood during hypoxia
Authors: Abdreshov S. N. , Demchenko G. A. , Kozhaniyazova U. N. , Yeshmukhanbet A. N. , Yessenova M. A. , Nurmakhanova B. A. , Karjaubaev R. M. , Koibasova L. U.
Published: February 2025

Abstract In this study, the biochemical parameters and physico-chemical reactions of the body in experimental hypoxia, using a Sprague Dawley Rat Model. Hypoxia changed the dynamics and biochemical parameters of blood and lymph, as well as urine. During hypoxia, there was a change in the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes. Hypoxic training was conducted in a hypoxic animal chamber for 15 days and 30 days for 40 minutes every day. Physical and chemical parameters of blood, lymph and its morphological composition were studied on a hematological analyser, oxygen tension and pH of blood and lymph on an OPTI CCA-TS2 Blood Gas and Electrolyte Analyser. The value of osmotic pressure in the lymph changed slightly from 280.22 ± 2.07 to 293.3±3.1 and 285.6 ± 2.8 mOsm/l, respectively, 15 and 30 days of hypoxia. Urine osmotic pressure decreased by 15.1-10.4%, respectively, compared to the control group. After 15 and 30 days of hypoxia, ion exchange in the blood plasma showed a decrease in the concentration of K+, Cl- ions and an increase in the concentration of Na+ ions in the blood plasma and lymph. Ca2+ concentrations decreased in blood plasma and increased in lymph and urine. The analysis of the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes showed its decrease. Lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes showed a significant increase in the level of malondialdehyde and diene conjugates by 52.2% and 69.6%, as well as a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase by 32% and 29.7%. Hypoxia leads to a decrease in erythrocyte resistance and lipid peroxidation in experimental animals. Shifts in pH on the side of acidosis and disturbances in physico-chemical properties in the blood and lymph were detected. As a result of developing hypoxia in the body, structural and functional rearrangements occur in the whole blood of experimental animals.
Isolation and molecular characterization of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp based on bulgaricus strain 1 from kefir shows probiotic and antimicrobial properties: Linking probiotics to UNSDG (United Nations Sustainable Development Goals) agenda: 2030
Authors: Tleuova K. Z. , Shingisov A. U. , Khamitova B. M. , Kanseitova E. T. , Tulekbaeva A. K.
Published: February 2025

Abstract The global population increase necessitates the dire need for ample food as medicine. Good health and well-being are stressed on probiotic functional foods. The present study characterizes biochemical and molecular identification of potential lactic acid bacteria. The potent antimicrobial properties also affirm Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus strain 3286. Biochemical analysis comprises carbohydrate fermentation, tolerance to acids and bile salts, production of bioactive compounds, lecithinase production, gelatinase production, and strain ripening ability. Antibiotic sensitivity to various antibiotics was assessed employing minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and E-test. Strain resistance to increased salt concentrations coherently concludes the positive impact of gut microbiome and gut-brain axis health management. The preliminary assessment requires further in vitro, in vivo, and in silico analysis for commercialization, market strategy and utility as functional food supplementation. The study can be rationalized for sustainable development goals regarding SDG 3: good health and well-being. Further, the UNSDG agenda 2030 also ascertains the role of probiotic foods in life longevity and public health management systems.
Mitochondrial DNA: a promising tool for characterising the population of the Tiúba stingless bee, Melipona fasciculata (Apidae, Meliponini)
Authors: Sousa R. N. , Santos G. G. , Nogueira S. L. , Fernandes G. C. , Sousa B. F. S. De , Barros J. R. S.
Published: February 2025

Abstract The Melipona fasciculata popularly known as Tiúba, is a specie of stingless bee that is distributed in the north of Brazil, over-represented in Maranhão State. This bee is of great importance to stingless bees (SLB) beekeepers, as it produces a large quantity of honey with an excellent taste. The genetic diversity of the Tiúba populations was examined with molecular approach using the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker. A total of 30 samples from cities in Maranhão State were analysed for the mtDNA intergenic region located between the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). The molecular analyses identified 8 haplotypes, 3 of which are shared between locations, where the commercialization of beehives is very common and the commercialization of beehives is very common. The populations of Imperatriz and São Bento have the highest diversity indices, and the neutrality tests showed that the populations might be expansion. The fixation index of the study populations showed a high differentiation rate of 0.6218. These Tiúba populations exhibit a high level of genetic structuring, as well as potentially being in a population expansion phase.
Principles of radiological protection and application of ALARA, ALADA, and ALADAIP: a critical review
Authors: MENDONÇA Rafael Pereira de , ESTRELA Carlos , BUENO Mike Reis , CARVALHO Teresa Cristina Alves Silva Gonzalez , ESTRELA Lucas Rodrigues de Araújo , CHILVARQUER Israel
Published: February 2025

Abstract This study carried out a critical review of the principles of radioprotection, including the ALARA, ALADA, and ALADAIP principles. The Google Scholar and PubMed databases were the search resources, and the following keywords were searched: Linear No-Threshold (LNT); Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR VII); As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA); As Low As Diagnostically Acceptable (ALADA); As Low As Diagnostically Acceptable, being Indication-oriented and Patient-specific (ALADAIP). This critical review included studies with historical references, reviews, position papers, and clinical and experimental studies. Regarding data extraction, only original articles were selected after the screening process. Much of the current evolution of X-ray machines and radioprotection protocols has stemmed from legitimate concerns about this topic. This development has grown out of the relevant work of organizations like ICRP, UNSCEAR, and other renowned international organizations. Low doses of radiation, such as those used for diagnosis, also occur naturally and are present in everyday life. Although there is no agreement on the actual risk involving low doses, the recommendations of ALARA, ALADA, and ALADAIP prevail, in line with the trend to uphold principles that balance the importance of X-ray diagnostic imaging with the intention of keeping the doses as low as possible. The benefits of X-ray exams, when justified, tend to outweigh the low risks attributed to them.
Occlusion, acid resistance, and elemental characterization of dentin treated with desensitizing agents
Authors: RIBEIRO Maria Carolina Lopes de Souza , FERREIRA Beatriz Araújo Jacinto , RIBEIRO Ana Carolina Freitas , FRANÇA Fabiana Mantovani Gomes , TURSSi Cecilia Pedroso , BASTING Roberta Tarkany , VIEIRA-JUNIOR Waldemir Francisco
Published: February 2025

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the occlusion potential of in-office desensitizing agents, and characterize the human dentin elements after acid exposure. Twelve human dentin discs were sectioned into four specimens each, and randomized into treatments (n = 20): no treatment (negative control); no treatment and 6% citric acid exposure (positive control); application of Gluma desensitizer (Heraeus Kulzer) or PRG Barrier Coat (Shofu), followed by 6% citric acid exposure. Occlusion and dentin surface characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, n = 10), and elemental composition (at%), by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS, n = 10). Three calibrated, blinded evaluators used SEM to categorize the occlusion potential: 1 = occluded, 2 = partially unoccluded, 3 = equally occluded/unoccluded, 4 = partially occluded, 5 = unoccluded. Data were analyzed by weighted kappa, Friedman, and Nemenyi tests (α = 0.05). For SEM, mean occlusion scores were higher for the PRG Barrier Coat than the positive control (p = 0.0235). Most specimens in the controls scored 4 or 5. The most frequent scores for PRG Barrier Coat were 1(60%) and 2(20%), while 30% of Gluma specimens scored 1 and 2. Gluma showed intratubular precipitation, while PRG Barrier Coat covered dentinal tubules totally or partially. For EDS, the K% was lower for Gluma than the negative control (p = 0.0046), with Si peaks in dentin treated with PRG Barrier Coat. The bioactive in-office desensitizing agent with S-PRG filler (PRG Barrier Coat) promoted dentin tubule occlusion, and persisted after exposure to acid.
Enfrentamento da sífilis em Pessoas Vivendo em Situação de Rua: relato de experiência
Authors: Fonte Vinícius Rodrigues Fernandes da , Pinheiro Carina D’Onofrio Prince , Sousa Daniele do Nascimento Machado de , Ramos Emanuel Lucas de Lima , Koopmans Fabiana Ferreira , Paquiela Eliane Oliveira de Andrade
Published: February 2025

RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a experiência de uma equipe de Consultório na Rua (eCnaR) em implantar ferramentas de cuidado para o enfrentamento da sífilis adquirida e gestacional na população vivendo em situação de rua. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, tipo relato de experiência, realizado em uma eCnaR do município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, entre os meses de maio de 2022 e novembro de 2023. A experiência foi discutida à luz da teoria de autoeficácia de médio alcance, de Bárbara Resnick. Dentre as 371 Pessoas Vivendo em Situação de Rua cadastradas na equipe, 86 foram diagnosticadas com sífilis adquirida ou gestacional. A taxa de tratamento completo foi de 51,16%. Outros 12,79% tiveram o tratamento interrompido por ser considerado cicatriz ou sífilis primária. Dentre as gestantes, 90,91% concluíram o tratamento. Mudanças na linguagem profissional e no ambiente, que incluem a cultura organizacional, normas e rotina, tendem a contribuir para a melhora da autoeficácia do tratamento da sífilis entre as Pessoas Vivendo em Situação de Rua.
Coordinating in situ lake sampling with satellite acquisition days provides a mechanism for addressing data scarcity: a case study from Lake Yojoa, Honduras
Authors: Fadum Jemma , Steele Bethel , Ross Matthew , Groff Mia , Hall Ed
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Aim In this study, we present the results of a project which used Landsat Collection 2 Surface Reflectance data and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) data to develop a machine learning model to estimate Secchi depth in Lake Yojoa, Honduras. Methods Satellite remote sensing data obtained within a 7-day window of an in situ measurement were matched with in situ Secchi depth measurements and were partitioned into train-test-validate data sets for model development. Results The machine learning model had good (R2= 0.57) agreement and reasonable uncertainty (MAE = 0.58 m) between remotely estimated and in situ observed Secchi depth. Application of the machine learning model increased the monitoring record of Lake Yojoa from 6 years of measured data to a 23-year record. Conclusions This model demonstrates the utility of coordinating in situ sampling schedules of short-term research projects with satellite imagery acquisition schedules in order to increase the temporal coverage of remote sensing derived estimates of water quality in understudied lakes.
Relocation of Fish Populations to Estuaries and Bays of the North-Western Section of the Black Sea as a Consequence of Technogeneous Disasters and Natural Processes in 2023
Authors: Tkachenko P. V. , Markautsan O. , Kvach Yu.
Published: February 2025

The studies carried out from 05.15.2023 to 12.31.2023 showed that some part of the fish population of 12 species moved from the lower section of the Dnieper River and probably from the Kakhovka Reservoir to the western part of the Dnieper-Bug estuary (liman). This was caused by destruction of the Kakhovka dam on 06.06.2023, and inflow of huge water masses from the Kakhovka Reservoir. After the disaster, the numbers and occurrence frequency of most fish species in the western part of the estuary significantly increased. In four species, the certain size groups were replaced by another. Two species have been detected in the estuary for the first time. Of them, one is a dangerous invasive species, and other was absent for 25 years. As a result of relocation further to the Black Sea, Polyodon spathula was found for the first time in the Dzharylgach Bay. Serranus scriba was registered in the Berezan estuary, and Sander marinus was found in the estuary after the 80 years of absence. Besides, part of Sander marinus population migrated from the Dnieper liman to the upper part of the Bug liman and upstream to the lower section of the South Bug River. Tinca tinca was also registered for the first time in the Berezan liman, probably owing to the expansion of its range to the northwestern part of the Black Sea. The destruction of fish breeding ponds in Crimea because of catastrophic storm on November 26-27, 2023 resulted in migration of many fishes to the Dzharylgach Bay.
Content of Pollutants and Their Potential Toxicity in the Water Bodies of the "Golosiyivsky" National Nature Park (Ukraine)
Authors: Gorbatiuk L. O. , Pasichna O. O. , Klochenko P. D. , Platonov M. O. , Godlevska O. O.
Published: February 2025

The levels of pollution by petroleum products, heavy metals and anionic synthetic surfactants in three systems of ponds of the "Golosiyivsky" National Nature Park (Ukraine) were studied and potential toxicity of these substances for hydrobionts was assessed. The highest concentrations of petroleum products, surfactants and some heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd) were found in the water of the Gorikhovatka ponds, which can cause a certain danger to the life of hydrobionts (aquatic plants, fish and invertebrates). The presence of pollutants in the ponds of the "Golosiyivsky" National Nature Park indicates the deterioration of the ecological and toxicological conditions of its water bodies and the need to pay attention to the identification and elimination of the sources of pollution, as well as the expediency of performing ecological monitoring of water bodies in nature conservation areas.
Elastase Activity of Bacillus licheniformis IMV B-8008, Isolated from the Black Sea Bottom Sediments
Authors: Gudzenko O. V. , Varbanets L. D. , Ivanytsia V. O.
Published: February 2025

Bacillus licheniformis IMV B-8008 isolated from the Black Sea bottom sediments was shown to synthesize protease which demonstrated high elastase activity starting from the third day of cultivation. It has been shown that growing temperature and aeration significantly affected the studied enzyme's activity. The purified enzyme preparation has a pH-optimum of 8.0, and a thermo-optimum of 37°C. Its molecular weight is about 18 kDa, specific activity is 1500 U/mg of protein.
Risk analysis of open-cut tunnel under-crossing bridges within right-of-way of highways
Authors: Yang Yonghong , Xu Chuangbo , Zheng Tao , Wang Chun , Hu Yixi
Published: February 2025

With the development of transportation infrastructure, the structures and utilities within right-of-way of highways of open-cut tunnel under-crossing the bridges are increasing. However, these projects face complex construction conditions and high accident risk, and their engineering risks are not yet clear. This paper utilised the work breakdown structure–risk breakdown structure to construct a risk identification matrix and propose a risk sources list. Furthermore, this paper takes an engineering project as a case study. Risk levels for various risk factors were calculated using the entropy weight method and risk matrix, and nine risk factors were identified as high risk. In addition, a three-dimensional numerical simulation model was established to analyse the influence of foundation pit excavation on existing bridge, based on which safety countermeasures for the primary risk factors were proposed. The results indicated that the deformation of the bridge piers was primarily characterised by horizontal displacement and the maximum horizontal displacement reduced from 5.29 to 2.95 mm after the addition of isolation piles and reinforcement piles. The results can provide references for risk identification and analysis in such engineering projects. In the future, it is necessary to further study the safety countermeasures of high-risk sources and improve the risk list.
Colgajos e injertos en cirugía plástica
Authors:   Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo IESS, Robalino Rodríguez Ivan Steven , Guaranda Acuña Darío Daniel ,   Hospital El Triunfo ECU 911, Moreta Núñez Carlos Wenceslao ,   Universidad Central del Ecuador
Published: February 2025

Los colgajos e injertos son técnicas de cirugía plástica que se utilizan para reparar defectos en el cuerpo o tratar lesiones graves. La principal diferencia entre ambos es que los colgajos tienen su propio suministro de sangre, mientras que los injertos no:

Colgajos
Se trata de un trozo de tejido que se mueve de una parte del cuerpo a otra, pero que mantiene su suministro de sangre original. Los colgajos pueden ser locales, cuando se mueven desde un área cercana, o libres, cuando se extraen de otra parte del cuerpo y se vuelven a conectar a los vasos sanguíneos del sitio receptor.

Injertos
Se trata de piel que se trasplantan de una parte del cuerpo a otra y que se nutren del suministro de sangre del sitio receptor. Los injertos pueden ser de piel parcial o total, y se utilizan para tratar quemaduras, heridas extensas o la pérdida de piel por infecciones.

En general, los colgajos tienen una mejor perfusión, lo que reduce el riesgo de infecciones y mejora la absorción. Sin embargo, pueden ser difíciles de extraer y no siempre llegan al sitio deseado. Por su parte, los injertos son más fáciles de extraer y tienen menor morbilidad, pero dependen de la capacidad del sitio receptor para nutrirlos.
Measuring AI Uptake in the Workplace
Authors: Crane Leland D. , Green Michael , Soto Paul E.
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) may be poised to raise productivity across various domains, including writing (Noy and Zhang 2023), programming (Peng et al. 2023), and research and development (Toner-Rodgers 2024; Korinek 2023). However, understanding the extent to which AI?and generative AI in particular?has been adopted as part of the production process remains an open question. This note reviews the extant surveys on AI adoption at both the employee and firm levels. Surveys of firms show a wide spread of adoption rates, ranging from 5 percent to about 40 percent. Surveys of workers show between 20 and 40 percent of workers using AI in the workplace, with much higher rates in some occupations like computer programming. While estimates of the level of AI uptake vary, measurement considerations partly explain the differences; more importantly, the available time series data all suggest rapid growth in adoption.
Rotational atherectomy for acute and chronic lower limb ischemia
Authors: Shchegolev A.A. , Markarov A.E. , Papoyan S.A. , Amirkhanyan D.S.
Published: February 2025

As the standard of living improves, the incidence of diabetes, atherosclerosis and hypertension increases, which causes an increase in ischemic lesions of the arteries of the lower extremities. Clinical manifestations depend on the cause and the presence of the patient’s underlying peripheral arterial disease. Treatment of lower extremity ischemia remains a challenge for vascular surgeons. For many years, the mainstay of treatment was surgical or catheter-based thrombectomy and bypass surgery. Later, thrombolytic therapy and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty became treatment options for some patient groups. Despite these advances in treatment, lower extremity ischemia is still associated with high rates of morbidity, mortality, and limb loss. Therefore, regardless of which treatment method is used, early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention based on individual symptoms is essential, with the goal always being to reduce pain and improve blood flow to ultimately save the limb. When choosing a treatment option for lower extremity ischemia, the risks of a particular intervention relative to the patient’s clinical condition must be weighed against the urgency and severity of the threat to the limb and the expected improvement in the patient’s clinical condition. One of the modern technologies for endovascular surgical treatment of peripheral vascular disease is rotational atherectomy. Quite a large number of studies devoted to this technology have been conducted, but the results obtained confirming or questioning the effectiveness of innovative systems of rotational atherectomy at the present stage of vascular surgery development are still insufficiently generalized. Objective. To summarize the review of modern studies, clarifying the obtained results of the effectiveness of innovative systems of rotational atherectomy in acute and chronic ischemia of the lower limbs. It was clarified that Rotarex and Jetstream rotational atherectomy systems allow to effectively restore blood circulation in chronic thrombosis, including atherosclerotic and diabetic arterial lesions, which allows us to recommend them for further use in patients taking into account the indications and individual features of the course of ischemic limb lesions. Although various studies have proven the safety and efficacy of rotational atherectomy, there are limitations, so careful patient selection is required and further large-scale studies are needed.
Redo surgical treatment of a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and recurrent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Authors: Lysenko A.V. , Salagaev G.I. , Gilevskaya Yu.S. , Malmina A.I. , Belov Yu.V.
Published: February 2025

Septal myectomy is the gold standard for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Nevertheless, some patients develop postoperative recurrence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and clinical symptoms of heart failure. Such ones require redo surgery if optimal medical therapy is ineffective.
Academician Mikhail Israelievich Perelman (20.12.1924-29.03.2013). 100 years since his birth
Authors: Parshin V.D. , Porkhanov V.A.
Published: February 2025

Modern thoracic surgery is quite young. Only after the Great Patriotic War conditions for performing thoracic surgery in the sense in which we understand it today appeared. The advent of intubation anesthesia and the solution of the issue of pneumothorax made it possible to operate safely in diseases and trauma of the thoracic cavity and thoracic organs. Further progress is associated with many famous domestic and foreign surgeons. It is gratifying that among them there are many representatives of the Russian surgical school: Y.Y. Janelidze, A.A. Vishnevsky, P.A. Kupriyanov, M.S. Grigoriev, A.P. Kolesov, F.G. Uglov, B.E. Linberg, I.S. Kolesnikov, S.M. Sokolov, N.V. Antelava, N.M. Amosov, B.V. Petrovsky, L.K. Bogush, V.I. Struchkov and others. It is especially gratifying that M.I. Perelman has also appeared among them since 1974. Their achievements were highly appreciated, including the awarding of State and Lenin prizes for works in the field of thoracic surgery.
Treatment of patellar instability following valgus deformity of the lower extremity and high-riding patella (a series of clinical cases)
Authors: Prizov A.P. , Awad M.M. , Zagorodniy N.V. , Belyak E.A. , Airapetov G.A.
Published: February 2025

The article discusses a series of clinical cases involving 8 patients with lateral knee osteoarthritis, valgus deformity, and patellofemoral instability, who underwent simultaneous medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy (MCDFO) + transposition of the tibial tubercle (TTT). In another case, isolated TTT was performed on one patient.
The use of low-frequency ultrasound in the treatment of patients with infected pancreatic necrosis
Authors: Zainutdinov A.M. , Malkov I.S. , Berdnikov A.V.
Published: February 2025

Objective — to improve the treatment of patients with infected pancreatic necrosis by using non-contact ultrasound treatment of purulent-necrotic foci (NUST). Material and methods. We analyzed the results of treatment of 39 patients with infected pancreatic necrosis, admitted to the surgical department No. 2 of the City Clinical Hospital No. 7 in Kazan from 2017 to 2021. The central method of their surgical treatment was open draining operations combined with sequestrectomy. The study group consisted of 20 patients (4 women, 16 men) aged from 39 to 60 years (mean age — 49±9.5 years). In this group, the effectiveness of non-contact ultrasound treatment of purulent-necrotic foci using the SONOCA-185 apparatus was studied. Results. The application of ultrasound treatment of purulent foci of infected pancreatic necrosis in the study group allowed to increase their drainage effectiveness, which was reflected in the dynamics of reparative-proliferative process and relief of systemic inflammatory reaction. Wound healing occurred on the 7—9 day (on average, on the 7.6±2th day) without resuturing. The pronounced bactericidal effect of low-frequency ultrasound and its phonophoretic effect are confirmed by the reduction of microbial content of wounds and cavities from 105 CFU and 104 CFU to 102 CFU after 3 sessions. The sparing ultrasound sequestrectomy allows to remove only devitalized tissues, without causing destructions of the ductal system, vascular wall and hollow organs. Ultrasound treatment of cavities in the study group resulted in a pronounced increase in transparency indicators and its approximation to reference solution, decreased peripheral blood leukocytosis, temperature reaction in patients on the 3rd, 7th, 12th days compared to the control group, where the temperature response is maintained at this time, and reduction in hospitalization duration on the 2.6±1 day in the study group of patients.
Laparoscopic interventions in urgent surgery (literature review)
Authors: Salakhov E.K. , Vlasov A.P. , Markin O.V. , Sheiranov N.S. , Alagulov A.A. , Dukhovnova K.M.
Published: February 2025

Laparoscopy is increasingly used in emergency surgery, demonstrating several advantages over open interventions. Material and methods. A systematic literature review for 2018—2023 was performed, searching PubMed, MEDLINE, RSCI, CyberLeninka databases. 33 studies on the use of laparoscopy in acute surgical abdominal diseases were selected. Results. The most convincing data have been obtained regarding laparoscopic treatment of acute appendicitis, cholecystitis, and gynecological pathology. There is a growing number of studies confirming the effectiveness of laparoscopy in intestinal obstruction, perforated ulcers, and abdominal trauma. Numerous publications indicate a reduction in the complication rate, decreased pain, shortened treatment and rehabilitation time after laparoscopic surgeries compared to open ones. At the same time, insufficient integration of the method into practice, lack of clear patient selection criteria, and the need for further standardization are noted. Conclusion. Laparoscopy should be considered as the method of choice in many urgent surgical conditions; however, further study and development of uniform protocols are required for wider implementation into the routine practice of emergency surgery.
Evaluación de diferentes métodos de aislamiento de Malassezia spp. causante de fungemia: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Giraldo Ospina Beatriz , Galvis Marín Juan Camilo , Gil Grajales Ángela M. , Echeverri Herrera Daniela , Montoya Giraldo Luz A. , Garzón Castaño Sandra Catalina
Published: February 2025

Introducción: Malassezia, un género de levaduras lipofílicas y lipodependientes, puede desencadenar fungemia en pacientes con infecciones sistémicas, especialmente en recién nacidos prematuros en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal (UCIN), sometidos a tratamientos amplios como antibióticos, nutrición parenteral prolongada y catéter venoso central (CVC). Objetivo: Realizar una evaluación de la eficiencia de los medios de cultivo fúngicos empleados en el aislamiento de levaduras lipodependientes, pertenecientes al género Malassezia, con el fin de garantizar un diagnóstico preciso de las fungemias asociadas a estas especies reportadas en una ventana de medición comprendida entre 2014 y 2023. Materiales y métodos: Se efectuó una revisión minuciosa conforme a las directrices de la declaración PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis), complementada con un análisis metodológico según las directrices STROBE (fortalecimiento de la notificación de estudios observacionales en epidemiología, por sus siglas en inglés), abarcando un total de 16 estudios epidemiológicos de naturaleza transversal, observacional y descriptiva. Estos estudios se centraron en la detección de la presencia de Malassezia spp. en muestras clínicas, detallando los métodos empleados para el aislamiento de cepas de Malassezia spp. causante de fungemia. Resultados: De un total de 1335 publicaciones, provenientes de cuatro bases de datos, se seleccionaron 16 estudios significativos que abordaron la presencia de M. furfur, M. restricta, M. pachydermatis, M. globosa y M. sympodialis. Los medios de cultivo destacados fueron Agar Dextrosa Sabouraud, Agar mDixon y Agar FastFung. Conclusión: La detección precisa y temprana de Malassezia spp., mediante métodos de aislamiento complementados por diagnóstico molecular, no solo es crucial para orientar el tratamiento, sino que también desempeña un papel fundamental en la gestión efectiva de diversas enfermedades dermatológicas asociadas a Malassezia spp.
Прикладная математика. Искусство и ремесло вычислений
Authors: Гордин Владимир
Published: February 2025

Учебное пособие написано на основе курсов, которые автор читает в Высшей школе экономики и Московском физико-техническом институте. В нем излагаются методы, используемые для построения и анализа математических моделей, а также для разработки эффективных алгоритмов их численного исследования: уравнения в частных производных, преобразование Фурье, обобщенные функции, компактные разностные схемы. В приложениях приводятся необходимые сведения о вычислительных методах. Пособие содержит много примеров из разных областей знания и контрольных вопросов. Для ответов на некоторые из них нужно написать код и построить численное решение.
Издание адресовано студентам старших курсов и аспирантам математических, естественно-научных, технических и экономических специальностей.
Sample preparation for PIV in organ-on-a-chip device v1
Authors: Sints Viesturs
Published: February 2025

The protocol describes preparation of samples to be used in PIV measurements performed in OOC devices. Keep in mind that the substances and variables may change significantly depending on the optical system and OOC device used.
Immunostaining of Human Frontal Cortex Sections v2
Authors: Wang Shiyi
Published: February 2025

Immunostaining of Human Frontal Cortex Sections
Linguistic familiarity and complexity of language competence recovery in Sundanese-Indonesian bilingual aphasia patients
Authors: Nasrullah Riki , Suganda Dadang , Firdaus Winci , Isam Hishamudin
Published: February 2025

The incidence of stroke in Indonesia continues to increase, which causes an increase in cases of aphasia. Meanwhile, the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 81 of 2014 does not explicitly regulate the mechanism of speech therapy for bilingual aphasia patients, including those of Sundanese-Indonesian bilingual aphasia. The study aimed to find verbal expressions of bilingual aphasia patients, patterns of language competence recovery, and determinants of the language competence recovery process in Sundanese-Indonesian bilingual aphasia patients. We analyzed the data 4 Sundanese-Indonesian bilingual aphasia patients at a private Islamic hospital in Bandung and a private hospital in Jakarta, using a list of guiding questions and evaluation of TADIR: Tes Afasia untuk Diagnosa, Informasi, dan Rehabilitasi (Aphasia Test for Diagnosis, Information, and Rehabilitation). While the limited sample size of four patients may affect the generalizability and reliability of the findings, the study provides a crucial insight into recovery patterns specific to Sundanese-Indonesian bilingual aphasia patients. This study showed selective, asymmetric, and symmetric recovery patterns in bilingual Sundanese-Indonesian patients. This study reinforces the assumption that linguistic familiarity is the main factor in the recovery of language competence in Sundanese-Indonesian bilingual aphasia patients.
The role of oral traditions in internalizing smong wisdom: Perspectives from the Simeulue community
Authors: Ramli Ramli , Gadeng Ahmad Nubli , Azis Daska , Yusuf Yunisrina Qismullah , Razali Razali
Published: February 2025

This research aims to identify the oral tradition of internalizing smong wisdom, recognized as successful in saving the people of Simeulue, Aceh, Indonesia, during the 2004 tsunami disaster. It employs a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews with 30 informants comprising traditional leaders and community members knowledgeable about smong local wisdom, field observations, and literature studies. Data analysis utilizes thematic analysis. The research findings reveal that the ancestors of the Simeulue people internalized smong local wisdom through oral culture, which held significant literary value since 1907. The internalization of smong wisdom is evident through its transmission across generations, reflected in the community's smong narrative during disasters and using mananga-nanga, manafi-nafi, and nandong as educational tools. Based on insights from the informants, including traditional leaders and community members, they affirmed the widespread practice and knowledge of smong wisdom across all age groups in Simeulue. This tradition continues to be upheld by the entire Simeulue community. They utilize mananga-nanga (lullabies) for infants under five years old, manafi-nafi (folktales) for the general public, and nandong (songs) at specific events of special conditions. The Simeulue people believe that instilling the values of local wisdom from an early age fosters collective memory, which can be easily recalled and applied by future generations. This facilitates the efficient transfer of local wisdom values in line with the ancestors’ expectations. Internally, within local communities, internalization occurs traditionally through oral culture.