bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Epistolary Self and Psychological Warfare: Tuoba Tao's 拓跋燾 (408–452, r. 423–452) Letters and His Southern Audience
Authors: Kou Lu
Published: June 2020

The Northern Wei dynasty (386–534) unified north China in the fifth century CE and stood as a powerful rival to the Liu Song dynasty (420–479) in the south. As military campaigns and diplomatic exchange between the two dynasties became more frequent, both courts strove to deploy a variety of strategies to prevail in the competitions of political authority and legitimacy. This article examines the northern emperor Tuoba Tao's (408–452, r. 423–452) self-representation in his letters delivered to the southern audience at the height of the two states' military struggle. Scholars have ascribed the letters' linguistic simplicity to certain unadorned northern style or ethnic characteristics. The author situates the discussion of Tuoba Tao's letters in the context of courtly composition, diplomatic maneuvers, and historiographical intervention and argues that the simple diction was a deliberate rhetorical choice used by the northern court to construct a different imperial image and to exert psychological influence on the intended readers. Moreover, Shen Yue's (441–513) embedding of the letters in a historical narrative as written documents reshapes the reception of the letters and imposes new interpretive frameworks for later readers.
Exit, Pursued by a Bear: Dushu sheng and the Limits of Community in the Early Qing
Authors: Fox Ariel
Published: June 2020

This article explores the late imperial imagination of the nonhuman other by way of a curious creature that appears in the southern drama Dushu sheng. Midway through the play, set in the early years of the Yuan dynasty, the young literatus protagonist is abandoned on a remote island, where he is rescued by a renxiong, a fierce yet empathetic bear-like creature that takes him as its mate. Though short-lived, their union is one of several in the play in which marginal characters are brought into the (narrative and imperial) center through marriage: by the end of the play, the protagonist is wed to both the daughter of a boatman and the daughter of a Mongol official. But while this double marriage offers the possibility of a productive overcoming of the distinctions between scholar and merchant and between Chinese and barbarian, the tragic fate of the renxiong forecloses any possibility of overcoming that which divides man and beast. Rather, as the human community is expanded to include merchant and Mongol, the renxiong serves as the necessary limit, allowing the play to rescue these social and ethnic others from baseness and barbarity. At the same time, the exclusion of the renxiong from this new community is not untroubled; in resisting the genre's compulsive imposition of wholeness, Dushu sheng dramatizes the fractures and exclusions that made possible the restoration of order in the early Qing.
Cannibalism as Method
Authors: Wong Lorraine
Published: June 2020

Tian yu di 天與地 (When Heaven Burns, 2011), a primetime television series that was screened in Hong Kong from November 2011 to January 2012, tells the story of a young rock band struggling with the memory of having eaten a fellow bandmate in order to survive a mountaineering accident. Cannibalism not only bewildered the mainstream TV audience, but it was also viewed as an allusion to the June Fourth crackdown on the Tiananmen student movement. This essay explores cannibalism as a method that questions the assimilation of Hong Kong into the national body politic of China. Its argument is twofold. First, cannibalism in this drama disrupts the bourgeois consciousness of a healthy subject, exploring a shattered but renewed life that questions the dissolution of food in the making of a healthy subject. Second, by challenging the bourgeois model of a reconciled body, this drama series throws critical light on Hong Kong's coerced “swallowing” of a China excessive in its material aggrandizement, restoring the power of imagination of possible futures not dictated by Hong Kong's increasing integration with China. Finally, this essay suggests that cannibalism, viewed through the Tiananmen legacy, may function as a method to explore modes of relationality between Hong Kong and Mainland China.
The Competitive Impact of Vertical Integration by Multiproduct Firms
Authors: Luco Fernando , Marshall Guillermo
Published: June 2020

We study the impact of vertical integration on pricing incentives in multiproduct industries. To do so, we exploit recent variation in vertical structure in the US carbonated-beverage industry. While the elimination of double marginalization with vertical integration is normally characterized as procompetitive, economic theory predicts that it may cause anticompetitive price increases in multiproduct industries. We indeed find that vertical integration causes price decreases in products with eliminated double margins but price increases in the other products sold by the integrated firm. These results provide new evidence of anticompetitive effects of vertical mergers. (JEL D22, D43, G34, L13, L22, L66)
Gaitán en clave política: un análisis discursivo (1944-1948)
Authors: González Contreras Daniel Felipe
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo presenta un análisis de la narrativa de Jorge Eliécer Gaitán entre los años 1944 y 1948. Para ello, tomamos diez discursos pronunciados por el líder político que hemos clasificado en dos momentos denominados: “¡Por la restauración moral de la República!” (1944-1946) y “¡Por la reconquista!” (1946-1948), pues consideramos que para entender la centralidad de la figura de Gaitán en la vida política colombiana hasta el día de hoy, es necesario detenernos en su modo de construir lo político. Así, partimos de la hipótesis de que la articulación discursiva que hace Gaitán es de carácter populista. Esta afirmación no nos remite al significado vulgar del término, sino que nos introduce a la teoría laclausiana de la hegemonía y el populismo, que orienta nuestro análisis. De esta forma, vinculando la discourse theory con la semiótica narrativa, ubicamos a Gaitán en una matriz que nos permite entenderlo políticamente y así abrir caminos que posibiliten explicar la centralidad de su figura en la historia nacional.
Conocimientos generales y actitudes hacia la donación de órganos en una muestra de estudiantes mexicanos de medicina y de enfermería
Authors: Marván Ma. Luisa , Orihuela-Cortés Fabiola , Álvarez del Río Asunción
Published: June 2020

Introducción: muchas personas tienen en el trasplante de órganos su única alternativa para lograr sobrevivir con una buena calidad de vida. Sin embargo, existe una gran escasez de órganos para trasplantes, y México posee una de las tasas más bajas de donación. El personal de medicina y de enfermería está en contacto con los familiares de los posibles donadores y son personas clave para facilitar el proceso de donación de órganos post mortem. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar el conocimiento y las actitudes hacia la donación de órganos en estudiantes mexicanos de medicina y enfermería. Materiales y métodos: trescientos ochenta y cuatro estudiantes contestaron dos cuestionarios: uno sobre conocimientos y otro sobre actitudes hacia la donación de órganos. Resultados: los participantes mostraron un nivel de conocimiento inadecuado, especialmente los estudiantes de enfermería. Muchos de ellos creían que es posible recuperarse de la muerte cerebral. La mayoría de los estudiantes creen erroneamente que hay un límite de edad para donar y que las religiones que prevalecen en México se oponen a la donación de órganos. Hubo una correlación negativa entre conocimientos y actitudes desfavorables hacia la donación de órganos. Conclusiones: es necesario revisar los programas de estudio, a fin de asegurar que los futu- ros profesionales de la salud estén adecuadamente preparados para promover la donación y reducir la escasez de órganos.
Producción de aceite de palma en Colombia: ¿trabajo decente y saludable?
Authors: Gallo Óscar , Hawkins Daniel , Luna-García Jairo Ernesto , Torres-Tovar Mauricio
Published: June 2020

Introducción: este artículo analiza la relación entre el proceso productivo del aceite de palma en Colombia y sus efectos en la salud de los trabajadores del sector. Método: entre marzo y septiembre de 2017, se llevaron a cabo un taller piloto con directivos sindicales y ocho grupos focales en los que participaron 165 trabajadores de diversas áreas y empresas del sector y un taller de revisión y retroalimentación con la participación de diez dirigentes sindicales. Igualmente, se efectuaron visitas a algunas empresas para observar los procesos productivos, tanto en las plantaciones como en las plantas extractoras. La Encuesta de Morbilidad Sentida, sobre la información suministrada por los trabajadores (percepciones e interpretaciones acerca de su estado de salud en vínculo con su trabajo), fue la base para identificar los factores de riesgo del sector, el desgaste, la fatiga y las condiciones de salud-enfermedad asociadas a los oficios del cultivo de la palma en campo y al proceso industrial en la planta de extracción del aceite. Conclusión: la morbilidad sentida sugiere que las cargas laborales, los patrones de desgaste asociados a la producción, la exposición a altas temperaturas y agrotóxicos, además de la intensificación productiva derivada de la forma de organización del trabajo afectan significativamente la salud de los trabajadores de la agroindustria de palma. Basados en estos resultados, sugerimos que los trabajadores del sector deberían ser cobijados por un régimen especial de pensión conjugado con políticas de prevención en salud y seguridad en el trabajo y cobertura de protección social.
Talleres y evaluaciones de proceso: una herramienta que mejora el rendimiento en asignaturas integradas
Authors: Urrejola Contreras Gabriela , Tenore Venegas Paulina , Elgueta Perinni Sebastián , Pérez Lizama Miguel , Araya Herrera Paula , Campos Reinoso Pía Daniela
Published: June 2020

Introducción: una tendencia actual en la educación superior es fusionar materias y articular las asignaturas integradas; sin embargo, hay menor rendimiento y un incremento de la reprobación. Se ha descrito como favorable la aplicación de evaluaciones de procesos como instrumentos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en ciencias de la salud, criterio pertinente de considerar en asignaturas de gran volumen de contenidos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue valorar el efecto de la evaluación del proceso sobre una asignatura integrada de anatomía y fisiología en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud y su relación con el rendimiento. Materiales y métodos: estudio experimental con 144 estudiantes de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud en la asignatura de Estructura y Función, distribuidos en dos grupos: control y experimental. Se diseñó e implementó una intervención metodológica para evaluar su efecto en el rendimiento académico. Resultados: la intervención del proceso en el grupo control experimental mejoró el rendimiento comparado con el grupo control tanto en el promedio como en las evaluaciones parciales de cada unidad (t-test < 0.05). En el grupo experimental se registró un incremento del rendimiento entre el 59 % y el 83 % de los estudiantes. Adicionalmente, la mejora progresiva modificó la condición de reprobación a aprobación en un 27% de los estudiantes tras la intervención (Anova: p < 0.05). Conclusión: la incorporación de evaluaciones de proceso parece ser una favorable herramienta para descomprimir las materias, aplicar lo aprendido, realizar seguimiento a las metodologías de estudio y mejorar el rendimiento de los estudiantes.
Technical Note—There’s No Free Lunch: On the Hardness of Choosing a Correct Big-M in Bilevel Optimization
Authors: Kleinert Thomas , Labbé Martine , Plein Fr¨ank , Schmidt Martin
Published: June 2020

There's No Free Lunch in Bilevel Optimization
The use of patient-reported outcome measures to guide referral for hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Dakin H. , Eibich P. , Beard D. , Gray A. , Price A.
Published: June 2020

Aims

To assess how the cost-effectiveness of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) varies with age, sex, and preoperative Oxford Hip or Knee Score (OHS/OKS); and to identify the patient groups for whom THA/TKA is cost-effective.

Methods

We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model from a United Kingdom NHS perspective, informed by published analyses of patient-level data. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of THA and TKA in adults with hip or knee osteoarthritis compared with having no arthroplasty surgery during the ten-year time horizon.

Results

THA and TKA cost < £7,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained at all preoperative scores below the absolute referral thresholds calculated previously (40 for OHS and 41 for OKS). Furthermore, THA cost < £20,000/QALY for patients with OHS of ≤ 45, while TKA was cost-effective for patients with OKS of ≤ 43, since the small improvements in quality of life outweighed the cost of surgery and any subsequent revisions. Probabilistic and one-way sensitivity analyses demonstrated that there is little uncertainty around the conclusions.

Conclusion

If society is willing to pay £20,000 per QALY gained, THA and TKA are cost-effective for nearly all patients who currently undergo surgery, including all patients at and above our calculated absolute referral thresholds. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):950–958.
Safety of a ‘swing room’ surgery model at a high-volume hip and knee arthroplasty centre
Authors: Waly Feras J. , Garbuz Donald S. , Greidanus Nelson V. , Duncan Clive P. , Masri Bassam A.
Published: June 2020

Aims

The practice of overlapping surgery has been increasing in the delivery of orthopaedic surgery, aiming to provide efficient, high-quality care. However, there are concerns about the safety of this practice. The purpose of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of a model of partially overlapping surgery that we termed ‘swing room’ in the practice of primary total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was carried out on patients who underwent primary THA and TKA between 2006 and 2017 in two academic centres. Cases were stratified as partially overlapping (swing room), in which the surgeon is in one operating room (OR) while the next patient is being prepared in another, or nonoverlapping surgery. The demographic details of the patients which were collected included operating time, length of stay (LOS), postoperative complications within six weeks of the procedure, unplanned hospital readmissions, and unplanned reoperations. Fisher's exact, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, chi-squared tests, and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.

Results

A total of 12,225 cases performed at our institution were included in the study, of which 10,596 (86.6%) were partially overlapping (swing room) and 1,629 (13.3%) were nonoverlapping. There was no significant difference in the mean age, sex, body mass index (BMI), side, and LOS between the two groups. The mean operating time was significantly shorter in the swing room group (58.2 minutes) compared with the nonoverlapping group (62.8 minutes; p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the rates of complications, readmission and reoperations (p = 0.801 and p = 0.300, respectively) after adjusting for baseline American Society of Anesthesiologists scores.

Conclusion

The new ‘swing room’ model yields similar short-term outcomes without an increase in complication rates compared with routine single OR surgery in patients undergoing primary THA or TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7 Supple B):112–115.
Data for registry and quality review can be retrospectively collected using natural language processing from unstructured charts of arthroplasty patients
Authors: Shah Romil F. , Bini Stefano , Vail Thomas
Published: June 2020

Aims

Natural Language Processing (NLP) offers an automated method to extract data from unstructured free text fields for arthroplasty registry participation. Our objective was to investigate how accurately NLP can be used to extract structured clinical data from unstructured clinical notes when compared with manual data extraction.

Methods

A group of 1,000 randomly selected clinical and hospital notes from eight different surgeons were collected for patients undergoing primary arthroplasty between 2012 and 2018. In all, 19 preoperative, 17 operative, and two postoperative variables of interest were manually extracted from these notes. A NLP algorithm was created to automatically extract these variables from a training sample of these notes, and the algorithm was tested on a random test sample of notes. Performance of the NLP algorithm was measured in Statistical Analysis System (SAS) by calculating the accuracy of the variables collected, the ability of the algorithm to collect the correct information when it was indeed in the note (sensitivity), and the ability of the algorithm to not collect a certain data element when it was not in the note (specificity).

Results

The NLP algorithm performed well at extracting variables from unstructured data in our random test dataset (accuracy = 96.3%, sensitivity = 95.2%, and specificity = 97.4%). It performed better at extracting data that were in a structured, templated format such as range of movement (ROM) (accuracy = 98%) and implant brand (accuracy = 98%) than data that were entered with variation depending on the author of the note such as the presence of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) (accuracy = 90%).

Conclusion

The NLP algorithm used in this study was able to identify a subset of variables from randomly selected unstructured notes in arthroplasty with an accuracy above 90%. For some variables, such as objective exam data, the accuracy was very high. Our findings suggest that automated algorithms using NLP can help orthopaedic practices retrospectively collect information for registries and quality improvement (QI) efforts. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7 Supple B):99–104.
Cutibacterium colonization of the anterior and lateral thigh
Authors: Elkins Jacob M. , Dennis Douglas A. , Kleeman-Forsthuber Lindsay , Yang Charlie C. , Miner Todd M. , Jennings Jason M.
Published: June 2020

Aims

Of growing concern in arthroplasty is the emergence of atypical infections, particularly Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) sp. infections. Currently, the dermal colonization rate of Cutibacterium about the hip is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate colonization rates of Cutibacterium sp. at locations approximating anterior and posterolateral approaches to the hip joint.

Methods

For this non-randomized non-blinded study, 101 adult patients scheduled for hip or knee surgery were recruited. For each, four 3 mm dermal punch biopsies were collected after administration of anaesthesia, but prior to antibiotics. Prebiopsy skin preparation consisted of a standardized preoperative 2% chlorhexidine skin cleansing protocol and an additional 70% isopropyl alcohol mechanical skin scrub immediately prior to biopsy collection. Two skin samples 10 cm apart were collected from a location approximating a standard direct anterior skin incision, and two samples 10 cm apart were collected from a lateral skin incision (suitable for posterior, direct-lateral, or anterolateral approaches). Samples were cultured for two weeks using a protocol optimized for Cutibacterium.

Results

A total of 23 out of 404 cultures (collected from 101 patients) were positive for a microorganism, with a total of 22 patients having a positive culture (22%). Overall, 15 of the cultures in 14 patients were positive for Cutibacterium sp. (65%), of which Cutibacterium acnes comprised the majority (n = 13; 87%). Other isolated microorganisms include coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (n = 6), Clostridium (n = 1), and Corynebacterium (n = 1). Of all positive cultures, 15 were obtained from the anterior location (65%), of which seven (60%) were from the most proximal biopsy location. However, these findings were not statistically significant (anterior vs lateral, p = 0.076; proximal vs distal, p =0.238).

Conclusion

Approximately 14% (14/101) of the patients demonstrated a positive Cutibacterium colonization about the hip, the majority anteriorly. Given the high colonization rate of Cutibacterium, alternative skin preparations for total hip arthroplasty should be considered. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7 Supple B):52–56.
Management of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Sodhi Nipun , Acuna Alexander , Etcheson Jennifer , Mohamed Nequesha , Davila Iciar , Ehiorobo Joseph O. , Jones Lynne C. , Delanois Ronald E. , Mont Michael A.
Published: June 2020

Aims

Earlier studies dealing with trends in the management of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) identified an increasing rate of total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and a decreasing rate of joint-preserving procedures between 1992 and 2008. In an effort to assess new trends in the management of this condition, this study evaluated the annual trends of joint-preserving versus arthroplasties for patients aged < or > 50 years old, and the incidence of specific operative management techniques.

Methods

A total of 219,371 patients with ONFH were identified from a nationwide database between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2015. The mean age was 54 years (18 to 90) and 105,298 (48%) were female. The diagnosis was made using International Classification of Disease, Ninth revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) and Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) procedure codes. The percentage of patients managed using each procedure during each year was calculated and compared between years. The trends in the use of the types of procedure were also evaluated.

Results

The rate of joint-preserving procedures was significantly higher in patients aged < 50 years compared with those aged > 50 years (4.93% vs 1.52%; p < 0.001). For the overall cohort, rates of arthroplasty were far greater than those for joint-preserving procedures. THA was the most commonly performed procedure (291,114; 94.03%), while osteotomy (3,598; 1.16%), partial arthroplasty (9,171; 2.96%), core decompression (1,200; 0.39%), and bone graft (3,026; 0.98%) were performed markedly less frequently. The annual percentage of patients managed using a THA (93.56% to 89.52%; p < 0.001), resurfacing (1.22% to 0.19%; p < 0.001), and osteotomy (1.31% to 1.05%; p < 0.001) also decreased during the study period.

Conclusion

We found that patients with ONFH have been most commonly managed with non-joint-preserving procedures. Our findings provide valuable insight into the current management of this condition and should increase efforts being made to save the hip joint. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7 Supple B):122–128.
Pelvic rotation after total hip arthroplasty is dynamic and variable
Authors: Kazarian Gregory S. , Schloemann Derek T. , Barrack Toby N. , Lawrie Charles M. , Barrack Robert L.
Published: June 2020

Aims

The aims of this study were to determine the change in the sagittal alignment of the pelvis and the associated impact on acetabular component position at one-year follow-up after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

This study represents the one-year follow-up of a previous short-term study at our institution. Using the patient population from our prior study, the radiological pelvic ratio was assessed in 91 patients undergoing THA, of whom 50 were available for follow-up of at least one year (median 1.5; interquartile range (IQR) 1.1 to 2.0). Anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis were obtained in the standing position preoperatively and at one year postoperatively. Pelvic ratio was defined as the ratio between the vertical distance from the inferior sacroiliac (SI) joints to the superior pubic symphysis and the horizontal distance between the inferior SI joints. Apparent acetabular component position changes were determined from the change in pelvic ratio. A change of at least 5° was considered clinically meaningful.

Results

Pelvic ratio decreased (posterior tilt) in 54.0% (27) of cases, did not change significantly in 34.0% (17) of cases, and increased (anterior tilt) in 12.0% (6) of cases when comparing preoperative to one-year postoperative radiographs. This would correspond with 5° to 10° of abduction error in 22.0% of cases and > 10° of error in 6.0%. Likewise, this would correspond with 5° to 10° of version error in 22.0% of cases and > 10° of error in 44.0%.

Conclusion

Pelvic sagittal alignment is dynamic and variable after THA, and these changes persist to the one-year postoperative period, altering the orientation of the acetabular component. Surgeons who individualize the acetabular component placement based on preoperative functional radiographs should consider that the rotation of the pelvis (and thus the component version and inclination) changes one year postoperatively. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7 Supple B):47–51.
Comparative study of the use of Paediatric Quality Of Life Inventory 4.0 generic core scales in paediatric patients with spine and limb pathologies
Authors: Cheung Prudence W. H. , Wong Carlos K. H. , Cheung Jason P. Y.
Published: June 2020

Aims

The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of paediatric patients with orthopaedic conditions and spinal deformity is important, but existing generic tools have their shortcomings. We aim to evaluate the use of Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) 4.0 generic core scales in the paediatric population with specific comparisons between those with spinal and limb pathologies, and to explore the feasibility of using PedsQL for studying scoliosis patients’ HRQoL.

Methods

Paediatric patients attending a speciality outpatient clinic were recruited through consecutive sampling. Two groups of patients were included: idiopathic scoliosis, and paediatric orthopaedic upper and lower limb condition without scoliosis. Patients were asked to complete PedsQL 4.0 generic core scales, Youth version of 5-level EuroQol-5-dimension questionnaire, and Refined Scoliosis Research Society 22-item (SRS-22r) questionnaire. Statistical analyses included scores comparison between scoliosis and limb pathology patients using independent-samples t-test, and correlation tests of PedsQL and SRS-22r.

Results

A total of 566 paediatric patients were recruited: 357 (63.0%) having idiopathic scoliosis, and 209 (37.0%) with limb conditions. Patients with limb pathology had lower functioning scale, summary, and total scores of PedsQL than scoliosis patients (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). No floor or ceiling effects (< 15%) were detected for PedsQL Psychosocial Health Summary and total scores in both groups. PedsQL was sensitive in differentiating patients with/without problems in their daily lives (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01). PedsQL summary and total scores correlated with SRS-22r total score.

Conclusion

PedsQL is an effective HRQoL measure for both paediatric orthopaedic groups with minimal ceiling and floor effects, and is capable of detecting worse HRQoL in patients with limb pathology. The multidimensional PedsQL is sensitive in differentiating among those with daily life problems, especially for scoliosis patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):890–898.
High-sensitivity SPR sensor based on the eightfold eccentric core PQF with locally coated indium tin oxide
Authors: Liu Qiang , Sun Jiudi , Sun Yudan , Liu Wei , Lv Jingwei , Liu Chao , Li Xianli , Ren Zonghuan , Wang Famei , Lu Wenshu , Jiang Yu , Sun Tao , Chu Paul K.
Published: June 2020

A highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor comprising an eccentric core photonic quasi-crystal fiber (PQF) coated with indium tin oxide is designed and numerically analyzed. The novel, to the best of our knowledge, structure with an eccentric core layout and local coating not only strengthens coupling between the core mode and surface plasmon polariton mode but also provides higher refractive index sensitivity in the near-infrared region. Analysis based on the finite element method to assess the performance of the sensor and optimize the structural parameters reveals that the maximum wavelength sensitivity and resolution are 96667 nm/RIU and

1.034

×

1

0

−
6

R
I
U

in the sensing range between 1.380 and 1.413, respectively. Meanwhile, the average sensitivity is enhanced to 25458 nm/RIU. The sensor is expected to have broad applications in environmental monitoring, biochemical sensing, food safety testing, and related applications due to the ultrahigh sensitivity and resolution.
200G self-homodyne detection with 64QAM by endless optical polarization demultiplexing
Authors: Wen Yang Jing , Li An , Guo Qing , Cui Yan , Bai Yusheng
Published: June 2020

This paper investigates the self-homodyne detection system with orthogonal polarization between pilot and signal (oSHD) through optical polarization demultiplexing of carrier and signal at receiver. Compared to digital demultiplexing, optical demultiplexing provides around a 0.9dB benefit in receiver sensitivity. The impact of crosstalk due to optical demultiplexing has been investigated in terms of carrier-to-signal power ratio, and delay between signal and carrier. Results show that the oSHD system is very tolerant to crosstalk, with a negligible penalty for crosstalk up to −22dB. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the system performance, including polarization tracking performance, long term stability, bit error rate performance, and tolerance to laser linewidth and delay between signal and pilot. 41Gbaud 64QAM oSHD with 200Gb/s net data rate has been realized by using the scheme with receiver sensitivity better than −4dBm, providing a promising candidate solution for 800Gb/s Ethernet.
Robust countermeasure against detector control attack in a practical quantum key distribution system: comment
Authors: Wu Zhihao , Huang Anqi , Qiang Xiaogang , Ding Jiangfang , Xu Ping , Fu Xiang , Wu Junjie
Published: June 2020

The physical imperfections of quantum key distribution systems
compromise their information-theoretic security. By exploiting the
imperfections on the detection unit, an eavesdropper can launch
various detector-control attacks to steal the secret key. Recently, in
Optica
6, 1178 (2019)OPTIC82334-253610.1364/OPTICA.6.001178
entitled “Robust countermeasure against detector control attack in a
practical quantum key distribution system,” Qian et al. proposed a countermeasure using variable attenuators
in the detection unit that was claimed to be effective against
detector-control attacks with or without blinding light. We comment on
this paper, disputing this countermeasure by showing that their
assumptions for proving this effectiveness are unrealistic.
Exceptional coupling in photonic anisotropic metamaterials for extremely low waveguide crosstalk
Authors: Mia Md Borhan , Ahmed Syed Z. , Ahmed Ishtiaque , Lee Yun Jo , Qi Minghao , Kim Sangsik
Published: June 2020

Electromagnetic coupling is ubiquitous in photonic systems and
transfers optical signals from one device to the other, creating
crosstalk between devices. While this allows the functionality of some
photonic components such as couplers, it limits the integration
density of photonic chips, and many approaches have been proposed to
reduce the crosstalk. However, due to the wave nature of light,
complete elimination of crosstalk between closely spaced, identical
waveguides is believed to be impossible and has not been observed
experimentally. Here we show an exceptional coupling that can
completely suppresses the crosstalk utilizing highly anisotropic
photonic metamaterials. The anisotropic dielectric perturbations in
the metamaterial mutually cancel the couplings from different field
components, resulting in an infinitely long coupling length. We
demonstrate the extreme suppression of crosstalk via exceptional
coupling on a silicon-on-insulator platform, which is compatible with
a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process. The idea of
exceptional coupling with anisotropic metamaterials can be applied to
many other electromagnetic devices, and it could drastically increase
the integration density of photonic chips.
In situ optical backpropagation training of diffractive optical neural networks: publisher’s note
Authors: Zhou Tiankuang , Fang Lu , Yan Tao , Wu Jiamin , Li Yipeng , Fan Jingtao , Wu Huaqiang , Lin Xing , Dai Qionghai
Published: June 2020

This publisher’s note corrects the authors’ affiliations in Photon. Res. 8, 940 (2020).PRHEIZ2327-912510.1364/PRJ.389553
Die Digitalisierung von Personenbezogenen Dienstleistungen durch Online-Plattformen: Woher kommt die geringe Nutzung?
Authors: Mehrwald Pascal , Heymann Frederik
Published: June 2020

Personenbezogene Dienstleistungen umfassen (alltags-)unterstützende Tätigkeiten beispielsweise im Bereich Haushalt, Kinderbetreuung oder Gartenarbeit und Umzüge. Diese Dienstleistungen werden allerdings von der Mehrheit der Deutschen noch nicht genutzt. Die Nutzungsraten sind gering. Obwohl es vielfältige Gründe für eine Nutzung gibt, insbesondere durch den Trend hin zu Doppelverdienerhaushalten, wird der Alltag nur selten durch die Inanspruchnahme personenbezogener Dienstleistungen unterstützt. Trotz einer starken Dynamik auf der Angebotsseite aufgrund neuer Online-Geschäftsmodelle scheinen Nutzungshürden vorhanden zu sein. Der Gegensatz von einem hohen Nutzungspotential und einer geringen tatsächlichen Nachfrage eröffnet die Möglichkeit einer Diskrepanz zwischen dem derzeitigen Dienstleistungsangebot und den Kundenbedürfnissen und -wünschen in Deutschland. Auf der Grundlage einer umfassenden Datenerhebung und Interviews mit Nutzern und Dienstleistungsplattformen präsentiert die vorliegende Arbeit 13 Annahmen, die für eine Nutzungssteigerung förderlich sein könnten. Zusätzlich soll diesem Forschungsbedarf durch eine repräsentative Befragung deutscher Haushalte begegnet werden, die sich zum aktuellen Zeitpunkt in der Erhebungsphase befindet. Die Daten ermöglichen einen Vergleich von Angebot und Nachfrage mit dem Ziel, Lücken und Verbesserungspotentiale aufzudecken. Die Ergebnisse werden zur bestehenden Literatur beitragen, indem sie Einblicke in die Kundenbedürfnisse geben und eine Analysebasis der neuen Online-Plattformen für Dienstleistungsanbieter liefern, die in der bestehenden Literatur unterrepräsentiert sind. Die Implikationen werden für Dienstleistungsanbieter, private Haushalte und die deutsche Wirtschaft von Interesse sein, da solche Dienstleistungen eine Möglichkeit darstellen, den Fachkräftemangel zu bekämpfen, die Gleichstellung der Geschlechter zu unterstützen und Arbeitsplätze für gering qualifizierte Arbeitnehmende zu schaffen.
Immunocytochemical Localization of Olfactory-signaling Molecules in Human and Rat Spermatozoa
Authors: Makeyeva Yuliya , Nicol Christopher , Ledger William L. , Ryugo David K.
Published: June 2020

Expression of olfactory receptors (ORs) in non-olfactory tissues has been widely reported over the last 20 years. Olfactory marker protein (OMP) is highly expressed in mature olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs) of the olfactory epithelium. It is involved in the olfactory signal transduction pathway, which is mediated by well-conserved components, including ORs, olfactory G protein (Golf), and adenylyl cyclase 3 (AC3). OMP is widely expressed in non-olfactory tissues with an apparent preference for motile cells. We hypothesized that OMP is expressed in compartment-specific locations and co-localize with an OR, Golf, and AC3 in rat epididymal and human-ejaculated spermatozoa. We used immunocytochemistry to examine the expression patterns of OMP and OR6B2 (human OR, served as positive olfactory control) in experimentally induced modes of activation and determine whether there are any observable differences in proteins expression during the post-ejaculatory stages of spermatozoal functional maturation. We found that OMP was expressed in compartment-specific locations in human and rat spermatozoa. OMP was co-expressed with Golf and AC3 in rat spermatozoa and with OR6B2 in all three modes of activation (control, activated, and hyperactivated), and the mode of activation changed the co-expression pattern in acrosomal-reacted human spermatozoa. These observations suggest that OMP expression is a reliable indicator of OR-mediated chemoreception, may be used to identify ectopically expressed ORs, and could participate in second messenger signaling cascades that mediate fertility.
Luaran Terapi Gancyclovir dan atau Valgancyclovir pada Pasien Infeksi Cytomegalovirus di Instalasi Kesehatan Anak RSUP Dr Sardjito
Authors: Triono Agung , Herini Elisabeth Siti , Indraswari Braghmandita Widya , Nurputra Dian Kesumapramudya , Wardhani Sari
Published: June 2020

Latar belakang. Infeksi Cytomegalovirus (CMV) merupakan penyebab tersering infeksi kongenital anak di negara berkembang. Infeksi ini dapat menyebabkan tuli sensorineural (SNHL) dan gangguan perkembangan. Di RSUP dr Sardjito, pasien dengan infeksi CMV aktif bergejala akan menjalani terapi 6 minggu Ganciclovir atau 2 minggu terapi Ganciclovir dilanjutkan 4 minggu terapi Valganciclovir. Namun, luaran terapi tersebut belum diteliti lebih lanjut.Tujuan. Melihat luaran terapi ganciclovir dan atau valganciclovir pada pasien infeksi Cytomegalovirus di Instalasi Kesehatan Anak RSUP Dr Sardjito.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kohort retrospektif dari data rekam medis pasien dengan diagnosis infeksi CMV aktif di Instalasi Kesehatan Anak RSUP dr Sardjito periode Januari 2014 sampai dengan April 2018. Variabel luaran (BERA dan Denver II) dibandingkan antara pre dan post terapi ganciclovir. Analisis statistik data dasar menggunakan analsisi deskriptif. Untuk variable luaran menggunakan T test.Hasil. Didapatkan hasil yang signifikan untuk perbaikan fungsi pendengaran pada telinga kanan (p<0,001) dan kiri (p<0,03) dibandingkan dengan yang mengalami perburukan. Sementara untuk perbandingan gangguan perkembangan sebelum dan sesudah terapi ganciclovir tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05).Kesimpulan. Pemberian terapi ganciclovir dan valganciclovir dapat memperbaiki fungsi pendengaran (tes BERA), tetapi perbaikan tidak didapatkan pada aspek neurodevelopmental (tes Denver II) dari pasien dengan infeksi CMV.
Dampak Penutupan Defek Septum Ventrikel dengan Metode Kateterisasi Jantung Terhadap Ekokardiografi dan Status Gizi Antropometri
Authors: Sukandar Aris , Lilijanti Sri
Published: June 2020

Latar belakang. Pasien defek septum ventrikel (DSV) yang merupakan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) yang rentan terjadi gangguan pertumbuhan. Saat ini, sebagian besar pasien DSV dapat dikoreksi dengan tindakan kateterisasi jantung dengan memasang suatu alat (device) untuk menutup defek anatomi yang ada sehingga diharapkan dapat memperbaiki fungsi jantung. Sebagai pemantauan efektifitas dari tindakan ini dapat dievaluasi salah satunya dengan ekokardiografi dan status gizi antropometri pasien.Tujuan. Menganalisis dampak penutupan defek septum ventrikel dengan metode kateterisasi jantung terhadap ekokardiografi (rasio LA:Ao) dan status gizi antropometri BB/TB.Metode. Penelitian ini observasional analitik dengan metode kohort retrospektif. Penelitian dilakukan di unit rawat jalan dan inap anak Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Dr. Moewardi Surakarta bulan Januari - Mei 2018. Subjek penelitian 35 pasien diambil secara konsekutif sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi. Data penelitian berupa usia, jenis kelamin, ukuran defek, rasio LA:Ao, dan status gizi antropometri BB/TB. Data penelitian diambil sebelum tindakan, 1-30 hari setelah tindakan, dan 3-6 bulan setelah tindakan kateterisasi jantung. Data diolah dengan SPSS 17.0 untuk menganalisis hubungan antar variabel.Hasil. Rasio LA:Ao 1-30 hari setelah tindakan kateterisasi jantung berbeda bermakna dengan sebelum tindakan (p=0,000), tetapi rasio LA:Ao 3-6 bulan setelah tindakan tidak berbeda bermakna dengan 1-30 hari setelah tindakan kateterisasi jantung (p=1,000). Status gizi antropometri BB/TB 1-30 hari setelah tindakan kateterisasi jantung tidak berbeda bermakna dengan sebelum tindakan (p=0,500), tetapi status gizi antropometri BB/TB 3-6 bulan setelah tindakan berbeda bermakna dengan 1-30 hari setelah tindakan kateterisasi jantung (p=0,008).Kesimpulan. Tindakan penutupan defek dengan metode kateterisasi jantung dapat memperbaiki rasio LA:Ao dan status gizi antropometri BB/TB pasien defek septum ventrikel.
Penggunaan Kloral Hidrat Oral Dibandingkan Ketamin Intramuskular sebagai Agen Sedasi Pratindakan Invasif pada Anak
Authors: Dewi Rismala , Judith Andina
Published: June 2020

Latar belakang. Sedasi pratindakan merupakan salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan tindakan invasif pada anak. Sebelum tindakan, pasien idealnya diberikan sedasi melalui jalur intravena. Jalur intravena ini seringkali sulit didapat, bahkan menjadi indikasi pemasangan akses sentral. Sedasi rutin diluar intravena yang umum digunakan adalah ketamin intramuskular, namun pemberian ini tidak nyaman dan seringkali dibutuhkan pemberian berulang sehingga menyakitkan bagi anak. Salah satu sedasi yang dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai alternatif adalah pemberian kloral hidrat oral.Tujuan. Mengetahui efektivitas kloral hidrat oral dibandingkan dengan ketamin intramuskular pada pasien anak yang memerlukan tindakan invasif dalam kondisi akses vaskular sulit.Metode. Penelusuran pustaka database elektronik menggunakan Pubmed®, Cochrane® serta penelusuran manual.Hasil. Studi oleh Campbell dkk, menunjukkan bahwa rerata waktu induksi dengan menggunakan kloral hidrat lebih lama dibandingkan ketamin intramuskular (43,8 menit vs 16,6 dan 15,2 menit, p<0,001) dengan rerata waktu sedasi yang hampir sama pada kedua kelompok. Studi lain oleh Min dkk, menunjukkan hasil serupa dalam waktu induksi (kloral hidrat 34,97±24.07 menit, ketamin 14,97±8.77 menit, p≤0,001), tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna dalam durasi sedasi (kloral hidrat 72,49±51,75 menit, ketamin 56,09 ±32,31 menit p=0,102).Kesimpulan. Pemberian kloral hidrat sebagai sedasi pratindakan invasif memiliki efektivitas yang sama dengan ketamin intramuskular, meskipun memerlukan waktu lebih lama untuk induksi sedasi.
O Cadastro Territorial Multifinalitário no contexto dos Processos de Regularização Fundiária Urbana
Authors: Silva Suzana Daniela Rocha Santos , Antunes Alzir Felippe Buffara
Published: June 2020

Esta pesquisa analisou a influência do Cadastro Territorial nos processos de regularização fundiária, com base em oito estudos de casos nos municípios de: Formosa–GO, Fortaleza–CE, Novo Gama-GO, Pinhais-PR, Nova Lima-MG, Palmas–TO, Jaboatão dos Guararapes-PE, Quatro Barras-PR. Esses oito planos de regularização fundiária foram realizados em áreas que não dispunham de um sistema cadastral, sendo essa uma situação recorrente no Brasil. Constatou-se que a execução de qualquer processo de regularização fundiária prescinde a realização do Cadastro Territorial do local. Com um Cadastro Territorial já implantado seria possível à utilização do mapeamento do território, bem como dos dados econômicos e sociais da área a ser regularizada, promovendo ganho de tempo e minimizando os custos do projeto. Em seis dos estudos de casos analisados, constatou-se que foram realizados o levantamento cadastral, com medições topográficas e geodésicas para caracterizar a geometria das ocupações, e a coleta de dados socioeconômicos da população. Nos outros dois planos analisados não foram previstos as etapas de execução do levantamento cadastral, o que impossibilitou a finalização do processo na sua totalidade, ficando apenas nas etapas de diagnóstico preliminar. Os resultados da pesquisa apontaram ainda uma tendência nacional, com o reconhecimento entre os gestores do território da necessidade do Cadastro Territorial nos processos de regularização fundiária. Isso pode se constituir num fator desenvolvedor do Cadastro Territorial nos municípios, minimizando o entendimento consolidado e equivocado no Brasil de que o Cadastro é reconhecido somente como uma ferramenta de apoio à tributação.
A FRAMEWORK FOR EMERGENT NEEDS ANALYSIS DURING FRONT-END DESIGN IN SOCIAL HOUSING
Authors: Serugga Joas , Kagioglou Mike , Tzortzopoulos Patricia
Published: June 2020

Social Housing is increasingly a focus of debate in many countries because of the escalating need for affordable housing that has become intertwined with the needs of society both emergent and traditional. The delivery of social housing, however, is often complex from the many stakeholders involved resulting in design challenges on account of conflicting needs. This paper presents a conceptual model for Design Decision Support in the face of emergent needs from multi-use scenarios defined by the multiple stakeholders. The Brazilian government’s Minha Casa Minha Vida social housing program is the basis for the framework’s conceptualization. The model allows for analysis of emergent user and design needs during design using probabilistic Hidden Markov Modeling of requirements changes. This paper’s novel contribution is to present a theoretical conception of HMM in the analysis of changes in social housing requirements and modeling their interdependencies in front-end design decision making. The paper, therefore, adds to knowledge of requirements forecasting in design of social housing in the face of emergent needs.
KNOWLEDGE AREAS FOR TRAINING JUNIOR CIVIL ENGINEERS IN OPERATIONS AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT TASKS
Authors: Shilony Smadar , Rosenfeld Yehiel , Goldschmidt Eitan , Shoval Shraga
Published: June 2020

After leaving university with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering, many graduates join construction companies in key roles such as operations engineer or project manager. Junior engineers often acquire the knowledge they need through mentorship by experienced engineers. Their knowledge is acquired on-the-job, according to the requirements of whatever projects are underway when they begin their employment. This study introduces the required areas of knowledge, with the goal of integrating junior engineers efficiently and effectively into the construction industry. The study found that the knowledge acquired by a graduate with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering does not match the knowledge required for engineers working in management and operations roles. In addition, the process of learning and filling in knowledge gaps often takes place on-the-job, or immediately before beginning a new project, without any external monitoring of the content or quality of the knowledge acquired. Although the various topics were defined by the engineers as important to their work, the findings indicate that both experienced engineers and young engineers need to fill in their knowledge gaps in critical various fields. This study highlights the need to build a comprehensive, standardized training program for all young engineers entering the workforce in construction management in order to fill in the knowledge gap and provide them with the tools to integrate properly in construction companies.
EFFECT OF REPLACING CRUSHED STONE IN STONE COLUMNS BY WASTE MATERIAL ON SOIL IMPROVEMENT RATIO
Authors: Salim Nahla Mohammed , Hasan Shatha , Al-Soudany Kawther
Published: June 2020

Many researchers’ studies have shown that stone column is the best material to use to improve the bearing capacity of clayey soils. There are millions of waste volumes resulting from daily human activities. This excess waste leads to disposal problems and also causes environmental contamination and health risks. Demolished concrete is such one waste material that is produced from building demolition in Baghdad, Iraq. This paper describes experimental work conducted at the University of Technology that was carried out to investigate the improved bearing capacity of soft clay using crushed stone, followed by replacing crushed stone with concrete waste with the same relative density and grain size. The replacement was carried using waste concrete with different percentages corresponding to 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The main conclusion drawn is that the bearing capacity increased to 119% by using crushed stone column, while the bearing capacity increased to 155% by using 100% of crushed concrete waste.