bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thickness change of masseter muscles and the surrounding soft tissues during orthodontic treatment: a retrospective study
Authors: Pan Yichen , Chen Si , Shen Linhui , Pei Yuru , Zhang Yungeng , Xu Tianmin
Published: March 2020

Background: Facial esthetics is a major concern of orthodontic patients. This study aims to evaluate orthodontic treatment-related thickness changes of the masseter muscles and surrounding soft tissue and the potential factors that would influence these changes during orthodontic treatment in female adults.Methods: Forty-two female adult patients were included in this retrospective study and were divided into extraction (n=22) and nonextraction (n=20) groups. Pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were superimposed and reconstructed. The thickness changes of the masseter area of facial soft tissue (MAS), masseter muscles (MM) and surrounding fat tissue (FT) were measured. Pretreatment age, treatment duration, sagittal relationship (ANB), and vertical relationship (Frankfurt-mandibular plane angle, FMA)-related MAS, MM and FT changes were compared between extraction and nonextraction groups. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was calculated between the above variables. Regression analysis was conducted to confirm the causal relations of the variables.Results: The thickness of MAS and MM significantly decreased in both groups, with larger decreases (>1 mm) in the extraction group. There were strong correlations (r>0.7) between the thickness decrease in MAS and MM in both groups and moderate correlations (r>0.4) between MAS and FT in the nonextraction group. A significantly greater decrease of MAS and MM were found to be moderately correlated with a smaller FMA (r>0.4) in the extraction group. Scatter plots and regression analysis confirmed these correlations.Conclusions: Masseter muscles and the surrounding soft tissue exhibited a significant decrease in thickness during orthodontic treatment in female adults. Low-angle patients experienced a greater decrease in soft tissue thickness in the masseter area in the extraction case. But the thickness changes were clinically very small in most patients.
Combining Global Positioning System (GPS) with Saliva Collection among Sexual Minority Adults: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Chen Tzuan , Smith Nathan Grant , Regan Seann , Obasi Ezemenari M. , Anderson Kathryn Freeman , Reitzel Lorraine R.
Published: March 2020

Background: This is the first study, of which we are aware, to evaluate the feasibility of simultaneous use of Global Positioning System (GPS) and saliva collection for biomarker assessment among sexual minority (lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and other non-heterosexual identities) individuals. The principal motivation for pairing GPS and saliva collection was to investigate how characteristics of the built and social environments along with participants’ daily activity paths affect stress. This can contribute to a better understanding of health and health behaviors in the sexual minority community. Methods: A convenience sample of enrolled participants (N=124) from Houston, Texas was asked to complete questionnaires, carry with them a GPS unit daily, and collect and store 6 samples of saliva at specific times across the span of a day prior to a second visit around one week later. Results: Of 124 participants, only 16 participants (12.90%) provided no useable GPS data, whereas 98 (79.03%) provided at least 4 days of data. More than three-fourths (n = 98, 79.03%) also provided complete saliva samples. Conclusions: Our results show that the simultaneous use of GPS and saliva collection to assess sexual minority individuals’ activity paths and stress level is feasible.
Salivary β2- microglobulin Levels in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Nosratzehi Fatemeh , Nosratzehi Tahereh , Alijani Ebrahim , Rad Soha Saberi
Published: March 2020

Objectiveβ2 microglobulin one of the biomarkers which are used to oral malignancy and pre-malignance lesion diagnosis. The components of the microglobulin system can help in growing and development of tumors directly or indirectly. The current study aims to evaluate the salivary β2- microglobulin level in malignance and pre-malignance lesion. The statistical population of research consists of 75 people which 25 people were healthy, 25 were infected by oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and remaining were infected by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The salivary data was performed by none –stimulated spitting method. The sample was performing during 9-12 AM and samples were transmitted to the laboratory immediately and salivary beta2microglobin was recorded based on the factory instructions by ELISA optical density method with 45Nm wavelength for each sample. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 24 software and ANOVA and post-hoc least significant difference (LSD) test.ResultsThe salivary β2 microglobulin level in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and oral lichen plan (OLP) patient is significantly higher than the healthy group. Therefore, we can use this index as a modern treatment protocol for malignancy and a pre-malignance oral lesion.
Multiple functions of the scaffold protein Discs large 5 in the control of growth, cell polarity and cell adhesion in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Venugopal Parvathy , Veyssiere Hugo , Richard Graziella , COUDERC Jean-Louis , Vachias Caroline , MIrouse Vincent
Published: March 2020

BackgroundScaffold proteins support a variety of key processes during animal development. Mutant mouse for the MAGUK protein Discs large 5 (Dlg5) presents a general growth impairment and moderate morphogenetic defects. ResultsHere, we generated null mutants for Drosophila Dlg5 and show that it owns similar functions. Dlg5 is required for growth at a cell autonomous level in several tissues and at the organism level, affecting cell size and proliferation. Our results are consistent with Dlg5 modulating hippo pathway in the wing disc, including the small cells, a defect that is reproduced by the loss of yorkie. However, other observations indicate that Dlg5 regulates growth by at least another way that may involve Myc protein but nor PI3K neither TOR pathways. Moreover, epithelial mutant cells for Dlg5 also show a reduction of apical domain determinants, though not sufficient to induce a complete loss of cell polarity. Dlg5 is also essential, in the same cells, for the presence at Adherens junctions of N-Cadherin, but not E-Cadherin. Genetic analyses indicate that junction and polarity defects are independent. Conclusions : Together our data show that Dlg5 own several conserved functions that are independent of each other in regulating growth, cell polarity and cell adhesion. Moreover, they reveal a differential regulation of E-cadherin and N-cadherin.
The "Secret Sauce" For a Mentored Training Program: Qualitative Perspectives of Trainees in Implementation Research for Cancer Control
Authors: Jacob Rebekah R , Gacad Angeline , Pfund Christine , Padek Margaret , Chambers David A , Kerner Jon F , Sales Anne , Dobbins Maureen , Kumanyika Shiriki , Brownson Ross C
Published: March 2020

BackgroundMentored training approaches help build capacity for research through mentoring networks and increased competency in skills. Capacity for dissemination and implementation (D&I) research in cancer is needed and mentored training programs have been developed. Evaluating mentored training programs through quantitative approaches often provide us with information on “what” improved for participants. Additionally needed are qualitative approaches which provide a deeper understanding of “how” programs work best.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with 21 fellows of the National Cancer Institute-funded Mentored Training for Dissemination and Implementation in Cancer to gain understanding of their experiences with mentoring received during the program. Fellows were selected from all 55 trained participants based upon their gain in D&I research skills (highest and lowest) and number of collaborative connections in the program network (highest and lowest) reported in previous quantitative surveys. Phone interviews were recorded with permission, transcribed verbatim and de-identified for analysis. We developed codes a priori to reflect interview guide concepts followed by further development and iterative coding of three common themes that emerged: 1) program and mentoring structure, 2) importance of mentor attributes, and 3) enhanced capacity: credentials, confidence, credibility and connections.ResultsInterviews provided valuable information about program components that worked best and impacts attributed to participation in the program. Fellows reported that regular monthly check-in calls with mentors helped to keep their research moving forward and that group mentoring structures aided in their learning of basic D&I research concepts and their application. Accessible, responsive, and knowledgeable mentors were commonly mentioned by fellows as a key to their success in the program. Fellows mentioned various forms of impact that they attributed to their participation in the program including gaining credibility in the field, a network of peers and experts, and career developments (e.g., collaborative publications and grant funding).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that mentored training works best when mentoring is structured and coupled with applied learning and when respected and dedicated mentors are on board. Increased scientific collaborations and credibility within a recognized network are important trainee experiences that should be considered when designing and sustaining mentored training programs.
Associations between learning environment variables and students’ approaches to studying: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mørk Gry , Magne Trine A. , Carstensen Tove , Stigen Linda , Åsli Lene A. , Gramstad Astrid , Johnson Susanne G. , Bonsaksen Tore
Published: March 2020

Background: Aspects of the learning environment may be related to students` approaches to studying, but few studies have investigated these relationships in the context of occupational therapy education.Objective: To examine associations between occupational therapy students’ perceptions of the learning environment and their approaches to studying.Method: 187 first-year occupational therapy students in Norway (response rate 61.3 %) participated in this study. Aside from sociodemographic information, the students completed the Course Experience Questionnaire and the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students. Associations between learning environment variables and study approaches were investigated with hierarchical linear regression analyses.Results: Higher scores on Generic skills were associated with higher scores on the deep and strategic approach scales (β ranging 0.18-0.51), while lower scores were associated with higher surface approach scale scores (β = -0.24). Lower scores on Clear goals and standards and Appropriate workload were associated with higher surface approach scores (β ranging -0.16 - -0.42).Conclusion: By improving aspects of the learning environment, there may be a potential for influencing occupational therapy students’ approaches to studying. Based on this study, emphasizing how generic skills developed in the study program may become useful in practising a profession; ensuring clarity of goals and standards; and maintaining an appropriate workload on students appear to be important.
Students' perceptions of interprofessional collaboration on the care of diabetes: A qualitative study of focus-group interviews
Authors: Kangas Sanna Pauliina , Jaatinen Pia , Metso Saara , Tuula-Maria Rintala
Published: March 2020

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) can promote healthcare professionals’ competence to work in interprof­­essional collaboration (IPC), whi­­­­ch is essential for the quality and safety of care. An interprofessional approach is particularly important in complex, chronic diseases like diabetes. A number of studies have been published on IPE, but only a few with a qualitative approach.Methods: The objective of this qualitative study was to evaluate changes in medical and nursing students’ perceptions of IPC, induced by a novel IPE course on diabetes care. The data from focus-group interviews of 30 students before and after the course were analyzed by using an inductive and deductive content analysis.Findings: The students´ perceptions were illustrated as Elements of interprofessional care (e.g. Elements formulating care team and Quality of professional care relationship ) and Elements of IPC (e.g. Importance of communication and Valuation of collaboration ). The post-course interviews added one subcategory ( Need of resources ) to the pre-course perceptions, and there was improvement in ten areas of self-perceived competence in performing or understanding IPC on diabetes care.Conclusions: The IPE course piloted in this study increased the students’ self-perceived competence and confidence in performing IPC on the care of diabetes, and changed their understanding of IPC towards a more patient centered and holistic perspective. More research is needed to evaluate the generalizability and sustainability of these changes.
Virtual versus Jaw Simulation in Oral Implant Education: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Baoping , Li Sihong , Gao Shuting , Chen Hong , He LuLu , Li Yiting , Guo Yumeng , Wang Errui , Cao Rui , Cheng Jingyang , Li Ruiping , Zhang Kailiang
Published: March 2020

Aim We investigate the evaluation methods of teaching oral implant clinical courses and estimate the effectiveness of a virtual simulation platform. Methods Eighty second- and third-year undergraduates in Lanzhou University were recruited and randomized to either three experimental groups or one control group. The subjects undertook theoretical examinations to test their basic level of knowledge after training in similarly unified knowledge courses. Each student group then participated in an eight-hour operating training session. An operation test on pig mandible was conducted, followed by a second theoretical examination. The assessment consists of three distinct parts: a subjective operating score by a clinical senior teacher, an implant accuracy analysis in cone-beam computed tomography (angular, apical, and entrance deviation), and comparison of the two theoretical examinations. Finally, students completed a questionnaire gauging their understanding of the virtual simulation. Results There was no significant difference between the four groups in first theoretical examination (P>0.05); the second theoretical scores of the V-J and J-V group (62.90±3.70, 60.05±2.73) were significantly higher than the first time (57.05±3.92, P < 0.05), while no difference between the V(57.10±3.66) and J (56.89±2.67) groups was found. Thus, the combination of V-J was effective in improving students’ theoretical scores. The V-J and J-V groups had higher scores on operation (73.98±4.58; 71.85±4.67) and showed better implant precision.Conclusion Virtual simulation education, especially with a jaw simulation model, could improve students’ implantology achievements and training. We found that the V-J group performed better than the J-V group in oral implant teaching.
18F-FDG PET/CT is Valuable in Detecting Soft-tissue Metastasis of Lung Cancer
Authors: Xu Tingting , Zhang Xinyi , Zhang Shumao , Liu Chunfeng , Fu Wenhui , Zeng Chengrun , chen yue
Published: March 2020

Background Soft-tissue metastasis (STM) is a relatively rare, but not exceptional, manifestation of lung cancer. Since the lesions of STM are usually asymptomatic, they are easy to miss during clinical evaluation. The aim of the study was to explore the incidence and characteristics of STM in lung cancer using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 18 F-FDG PET/CT), and evaluate its effect on tumor staging and treatment. Methods We analyzed 4543 patients with lung cancer who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT in our hospital between January 2013 and September 2018. 85 were diagnosed with STM and included in the study group. Imaging characteristics, clinical symptoms, and survival time (from confirmed STM to death) were recorded for all study subjects. Results A total of 219 lesions were identified by 18 F-FDG PET/CT: 215 were detected by PET (maximum standardized uptake value = 6.12); 139 were detected by CT. Muscle STM were primarily found in the hip, upper limb muscle; whereas subcutaneous STM were mainly distributed in the chest and abdomen, back. In 68 patients (80%), STM were found incidentally during routine 18 F-FDG PET/CT staging. The lesions were symptomatic in 17 cases (20%); in 10 patients (11.8%) STM was the first manifestation. Other site metastases were detected in 79 patients (92.9%). Isolated STM were found in 6 patients (7.1%), whose tumor staging and treatment were affected by PET/CT findings. At the end of the follow-up period, 69 patients were dead (median survival time= 5.0 months) and 5 were lost to follow-up. Conclusions STM may be a sign of advanced stage and poor prognosis in lung cancer. 18 F-FDG PET/CT is highly valuable in the detection of STM, and can impact tumor staging and management of lung malignancies.
Feasibility of using double-echo chemical shift imaging to monitor bone mass change in aged patients with lumbago: a pilot study
Authors: Sun Yangyang , Han Zhihua , Wang Fang , Wang Bin , Wang Yibin , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2020

Background: For aged patients with lumbago, monitoring bone mass change is of great importance for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis.The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using the double-echo chemical shift imaging (CSI) to detect bone mass change in aged population with lumbago. We calculated chemical shift rate (CSR) from double-echo CSI data, and investigated whether CSR correlate to bone mass change. Methods: Two-hundred patients (aged from 60 to 70) with lumbago were included in the study. Each subject accepted a lumbar MR examination, for which the ordinary spin echo T1-Weigthed sequence was modified to the double-echo imaging. By doing so, in-phase and out-phase images could be obtained simultaneously with one acquisition. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with digital X-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) at the non-dominant hand. Then all subjects were grouped according to their T-value (normal bone mass group, T-value > -1.0; abnormal bone mass group T-value ≤ -1.0). The CSR were calculated based on the signal intensity (SI) measured respectively at the 3 rd – 5 th lumbar vertebrae. The association of CSR with BMD was investigated, as well as the impact of other factors on BMD. Results: Patients with normal and abnormal bone mass showed significant difference in CSR (P = 0.008), that positively correlated with T-value (r = 0.281, P ＜ 0.001) and negatively correlated with the diagnosis of abnormal bone mass (B = - 3.02, P = 0.010). Furthermore, the risk of abnormal bone mass increased by 4.9% for each unit decrease in CSR. Additionally, females were more likely to have abnormal bone mass than males (P = 0.017), while the patients who had type 2 diabetes was determined to undergo 3.25-time risk to have abnormal bone mass, compared to those who did not have. Conclusions: CSR could be used to predict the bone mass loss in elderly patients with lumbago. Our study provides a more economical solution to monitor bone mass lose in elderly patients who complained lumbago and required lumbar MR imaging. And among such patients, the double-echo CSI is highly recommended to those who have type 2 diabetes.
The correlation between imaging expression of P16 and S100 in hypertrophic ligamentum flavum
Authors: Hu Wei , Liu Yidong , Kan Shunli , Zhang Tengfei , Jiang Zehua , Zhu Rusen
Published: March 2020

Background Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common degenerative disease, which can lead to neurological dysfunction and requires surgical treatment. In the previous study, we used H&E staining and immunohistochemistry to qualitatively analyze the expression of S100 and P16 in the pathological process of ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy in patients with LSS. To further explore the relationship between P16, S100 and LF hypertrophy in patients with LSS, we quantitatively detected S100 and P16 and their expressed products based on molecular biology techniques, and analyzed their imaging correlation. Methods Before posterior lumbar surgery, LF thickness was measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Through the operation, we obtained the specimens of LF from 120 patients, all of whom were L4/5 LF. They were designated: simple lumbar disc herniation (LDH), single-segment spinal stenosis (SLSS), and double-segment LSS (DLSS). The detection of each side of LF was assessed. S100 and P16 and their expression products were detected by western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results The dorsal mRNA expression of P16 in DLSS group was significantly higher than that in SLSS group. On the dorsal and dural side of LF, the expression of P16 mRNA and proteins in the LDH group was significantly lower than that in SLSS and DLSS groups. We found a correlation between the thickness of LF and the expression of P16. However, there was no significant difference in the expression of S100 mRNA and S100 protein on both sides of the ligament and among the three groups, and no significant correlation between the expression of S100 and the thickness of LF. Conclusions P16 is involved in the process of LF hypertrophy in patients with LSS, and the imaging thickness of LF is related to the expression of P16. S100 may not be related to the hypertrophy of LF in patients with LSS, and there is no correlation between the imaging thickness of LF and the expression of S100.
Sedimentary Evidences for the Depositional and Environmental Changes Regarding to Regression during Mid to Late Miocene in the Neogene Adana Basin (Southern Turkey)
Authors: ÜNLÜGENÇ Ulvi Can , AKINCI Ahmet Can , KARAKILÇIK Hatice
Published: March 2020

In this study we investigate sedimentary and stratigraphic characteristics of the Mid to Late Miocene deposits to better understanding of the Tertiary evolution of the Adana Basin (Southern Turkey). For this purpose, detailed mapping, sedimentary survey and interpretations were made considering the stratigraphic relations in the Middle-Late Miocene units in the region. The depositional evolution of the Adana Basin starts during the Early Miocene as a foreland basin within the Çukurova region. An extensive marine transgression during the Early Miocene commenced the filling of the basin. The pre-Miocene deposition area was a large platform with an adjacent depression area. This depositional environment widely controlled the Miocene sedimentation after the Aquitanian-Burdigalian transgression.
The Miocene sequences in the Adana Basin were deposited due to the northward transgression. The northerly sourced deltaic and littoral-brackish Kaplankaya Formation and a slightly deeper reefal Karaisalı Formation were deposited in the areas close to the shore. Documented by shallow to deeper marine sedimentation, the marine inundation of the region occurred during Aquitanian-Burdigalian and continued into the Serravallian causing the former coastline to migrate north. Synchronously tectonic subsidence further south cause southward progressive deepening. Therefore, various facies types, ranging from deep marine turbidites to terrestrial, deposited in the basin. The northern margin of the basin was experienced normal faulting in consequence of progressive tectonic and subsidence events during this marine transgression in the Langhian-Serravallian.
Mapped and interpreted within three facies types, Güvenç Formation include; i) deep marine sediments, ii) offshore sediments and iii) shallow marine sediments. Deep sea deposits were accumulated in the early stages of the Early-Middle Serravalian period in the deeper part of the basin. During the Mid-to Late Serravallian offshore sediments were deposited in the southern parts of the basin. Further south, due to the continued regression, the shallow marine sediments were deposited in the basin during the Serravalian. Related to the neotectonic period of Anatolia, the transgressive sequences deposited within the basin were tilted during Late Serravallian to Early Tortonian period. The marine regression towards the south was accompanied by tectonic re-organisation in the Early Tortonian. Consequently, regressive sequences of the Tortonian age, the Kuzgun member of Kuzgun Formation, which involve shallow marine (beach) sediments and meandering river deposits are resting on the tilted Güvenç Formation with low angle unconformity.
Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide: A Nice Pair in the Respiratory System
Authors: Fuschillo Salvatore , Palomba Letizia , Capparelli Rosanna , Motta Andrea , Maniscalco Mauro
Published: March 2020

Nitric Oxide (NO) is internationally regarded as a signal molecule involved in several
functions in the respiratory tract under physiological and pathogenic conditions. Hydrogen Sulfide
(H2S) has also recently been recognized as a new gasotransmitter with a diverse range of functions
similar to those of NO.

Depending on their respective concentrations, both these molecules act synergistically or antagonistically
as signals or damage promoters. Nevertheless, available evidence shows that the complex
biological connections between NO and H2S involve multiple pathways and depend on the site of
action in the respiratory tract, as well as on experimental conditions. This review will provide an
update on these two gasotransmitters in physiological and pathological processes.
Physicochemical Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Nanocarriers
Authors: Barros Rafaella M. , de Oliveira Maísa S. , Costa Kammila M. N. , Sato Mariana R. , Santos Karen L. M. , de L. Damasceno Bolívar P. G. , Cuberes Teresa , Oshiro-Junior Joáo A.
Published: March 2020

The encapsulation of bioactive compounds is an emerging technique for finding new medicines since it
provides protection against ambient degradation factors before reaching the target site. Nanotechnology provides
new methods for encapsulating bioactive compounds and for drug carrier development. Nanocarriers satisfactorily
impact the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion rate when compared to conventional carriers.
The nanocarrier material needs to be compatible and bind to the drug and be bio-resorbable. In this context, the
physicochemical characterization of encapsulated bioactive compounds is fundamental to guarantee the quality,
reproducibility, and safety of the final pharmaceutical product. In this review, we present the physicochemical
techniques most used today by researchers to characterize bioactive compounds in nanocarriers and the main
information provided by each technique, such as morphology, size, degree of crystallinity, long-term stability, the
efficacy of drug encapsulation, and the amount released as a function of time.
Vitamin D and Sleep Regulation: Is there a Role for Vitamin D?
Authors: Romano Fiammetta , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Di Benedetto Elea , Zhukouskaya Volha V. , Barrea Luigi , Savastano Silvia , Colao Annamaria , Di Somma Carolina
Published: March 2020

Background:

Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism.
Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep disorders, thus increasing
the interest in the role of this vitamin in the regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-wake cycle.

Objective:

The study aimed to explore and summarize the current knowledge about the role of vitamin D in sleep
regulation and the impact of vitamin D deficiency on sleep disorders.

Methods:

The main regulatory mechanisms of vitamin D on sleep are explained in this study. The literature was
scanned to identify clinical trials and correlation studies showing an association between vitamin D deficiency
and sleep disorders.

Results:

Vitamin D receptors and the enzymes that control their activation and degradation are expressed in several
areas of the brain involved in sleep regulation. Vitamin D is also involved in the pathways of production of
Melatonin, the hormone involved in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. Furthermore, vitamin D
can affect sleep indirectly through non-specific pain disorders, correlated with alterations in sleep quality, such as
restless legs syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Conclusions:

: Vitamin D has both a direct and an indirect role in the regulation of sleep. Although vitamin D deficiency
has been associated to sleep disorders, there is still scant evidence to concretely support the role of vitamin
D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of sleep disturbances; indeed, more intervention studies are
needed to better clarify these aspects.
Meta-analysis of NFKB1-94 ATTG Ins/Del Polymorphism and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Kancharla Jyothsna , Prasad I. Devi Vara , Bhaskar Lakkakula V.K.S. , Bramhachari Pallaval Veera , Alam Afroz
Published: March 2020

Background:

Breast cancer (BC) accounts for one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world.
Inflammatory molecules modulate tumor microenvironment in BC that promotes tumor growth and metastasis.
NF-κB (a transcription factor) that regulates multiple immune functions and acts as a crucial mediator of inflammatory
responses.

Objective:

The present study is aimed to quantitatively summarize the relation of NFKB1-94 ATTG (I, insertion/D,
deletion) variant and risk of BC.

Methods:

Further, the meta-analysis includes three independent case-control investigations that focus on NFKB1-94,
ATTG I/D polymorphism, and BC patients. Web of Science, PubMed and Embase databases were used to retrieve
relevant data. OR and 95% confidence interval of pooled studies were analyzed by using the MetaGenyo web tool.

Results:

This study revealed a high heterogeneity. In all three genetic comparison models, the NFKB1-94 ATTG I/D
variant is not related to the risk of BC. Further, no publication bias on the connection between NFKB1-94 ATTG I/D
variant and risk of BC was observed.

Conclusion:

To summarize, our meta-analysis demonstrates that the NFKB1-94 ATTG I/D polymorphism is not a
major risk factor for BC.
The Anti-Breast Cancer Potential of Bis-Isatin Scaffolds
Authors: Guo Hua , Diao Quan-Ping
Published: March 2020

Aims:

To develop novel anti-breast cancer agents and discuss the structure-activity relationship
of bis-isatin scaffolds.

Background:

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer and the second leading cause of cancer
death in women after lung cancer. Bis-isatin scaffolds possess potential anti-breast cancer activity, and
some of them such as Indirubin could induce cancer cells apoptosis via multiply mechanisms.

Objective:

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of bis-isatin scaffolds with
alkyl/ether linkers between the two isatin moieties against different human breast cancer cell lines including
MCF-7, AU565, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435 and MDA-MB-468 cells.

Methods:

The synthesized bis-isatin scaffolds with alkyl/ether linker between the two isatin moieties
were evaluated for their in vitro activity against MCF-7, AU565, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and
MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cell lines by MTT assay.

Result:

All the synthesized compounds (IC50: 38.3-197.6 µM) possess considerable activity against
MCF-7, AU565, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435, and MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cell lines, and
the most potent compound 4e (IC50: 38.3-63.5 µM) was no inferior to Cisplatin (IC50: 20.1-38.6 μM)
against the five tested human breast cancer cell lines.

Conclusion:

All the synthesized bis-isatin scaffolds were active against a panel of breast cancer cell
lines, highlighting the significance of exploring the bis-isatin scaffolds to fight against breast cancers.
The enriched structure-activity relationship may set up the direction for the rational design and development
of novel bis-isatin scaffolds with higher efficiency.
Stapled Surgery for Hemorrhoidal Prolapse: From the Beginning to Modern Times
Authors: Sturiale Alessandro , Fabiani Bernardina , Menconi Claudia , Cafaro Danilo , Celedon Porzio Felipe , Naldini Gabriele
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

Hemorrhoidal disease is the most common proctologic condition in
adults. Among the different surgical procedures, one of the greatest innovations is represented by
the stapled hemorrhoidopexy. The history of this technique started with a single stapler use passing
through a double stapler technique to resect the adequate amount of prolapse, finally coming to the
use of high volume devices.

Methods:

Nevertheless, each device has its own specific feature, the stapler is basically made up
with one or more circular lines of titanium staples whose height may be variable. The procedure is
based on different steps: Introduction of the CAD, evaluation of the prolapse, fashioning purse
string or parachute suture, the introduction of the stapler head beyond the suture, pull the wires
through the window, close the stapler and keep pulled the wires of the suture held together with forceps,
fire using two hands, open the stapler and remove it and check the staple line and then check
the specimen. One of the latest innovations in stapled surgery is Tissue Selective Therapy. It is a
minimally invasive procedure in which there is a partial circular stapled hemorrhoidopexy focused
on the prolapsing piles with bridges of normal mucosa left.

Results:

Several studies have reported that SH is a safe and effective procedure to treat hemorrhoidal
prolapse. It is a quicker procedure with a shorter hospital stay and earlier return to work if compared
with the conventional treatment. This is due to less postoperative pain, postoperative bleeding,
wound complications and constipation. Furthermore, the first generation devices had worse
outcomes if compared with those of the new generation stapler that showed lower postoperative
complication rates with better anatomical and symptomatic results.

Conclusions:

Stapled procedure for the treatment of symptomatic hemorrhoidal prolapse represents
one of the most important innovations in proctology of the last century bringing with it the new revolutionary
concept of the rectal intussusception as a determining factor involved in the natural history
of the disease. Stapled hemorrhoidopexy marked an era in which the surgeon may offer the patients
a safe, effective treatment with less pain and fast recovery.
Heterocyclization of 2-(2-phenylhydrazono)cyclohexane-1,3-dione to Synthesis Thiophene, Pyrazole and 1,2,4-triazine Derivatives with Anti-Tumor and Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitions
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , Alwan Ensaf S.
Published: March 2020

Background:

Recently tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiazole derivatives acquired a special attention due to their
wide range of pharmacological activities especially the therapeutic activities. Through the market it was found
that many pharmacological drugs containing the thiazole nucleus were known.

Objective:

This work aimed to synthesize target molecules not only possess anti-tumor activities but also kinase
inhibitors. The target molecules were obtained starting from the arylhydrazonocyclohexan-1,3-dione followed
by their heterocyclization reactions to produce anticancer target molecules.

Methods:

The arylhydrazone derivatives 3a-c underwent different heterocyclization reactions to produce thiophene,
thiazole, pyrazole and 1,2,4-triazine derivatives. The anti-proliferative activity of twenty six compounds
among the synthesized compounds toward the six cancer cell lines namely A549, H460, HT-29, MKN-45,
U87MG, and SMMC-7721 was studied.

Results:

Anti-proliferative evaluations, tyrosine and Pim-1 kinase inhibitions were perform for most of the
synthesized compounds where the varieties of substituent through the aryl ring and the thiophene moiety afforded
compounds with high activities.

Conclusion:

The compounds with high anti-proliferative activity towards the cancer cell lines showed that compounds
3b, 3c, 5e, 5f, 8c, 9c, 11c, 12c, 14e, 14f and 16c were the most cytotoxic compounds. Further tests of the
latter compounds toward the five tyrosine kinases c-Kit, Flt-3, VEGFR-2, EGFR, and PDGFR and Pim-1 kinase
showed that compounds 3c, 5e, 5f, 8c, 9c, 12c, 14e, 14f and 16c were the most potent of the tested compounds
toward the five tyrosine kinases and compounds 6d, 11a, 20b and 21e were of the highest inhibitions towards
Pim-1 kinase. Pan Assay Interference Compounds (PAINS) for the most cytotoxic compounds showed zero
PAINS alert and can be used as lead compounds.
Nanoformulations of Coumarins and the Hybrid Molecules of Coumarins with Potential Anticancer Effects
Authors: Yerer Mukerrem Betul , Dayan Serkan , Han M. Ihsan , Sharma Ajay , Tuli Hardeep S. , Sak Katrin
Published: March 2020

Coumarins are the secondary metabolites of some plants, fungi, and bacteria. Coumarins and the hybrid
molecules of coumarins are the compounds which have been widely studied for their potential anticancer effects.
They belong to benzopyrone chemical class, more precisely benzo-α-pyrones, where benzene ring is fused to pyrone
ring. In nature, coumarins are found in higher plants like Rutaceae and Umbelliferae and some essential oils like
cinnamon bark oil, cassia leaf oil and lavender oil are also rich in coumarins. The six main classes of coumarins are
furanocoumarins, dihydrofuranocoumarins, pyrano coumarins, pyrone substituted coumarins, phenylcoumarins and
bicoumarins. As well as their wide range of biological activities, coumarins and the hybrid molecules of coumarins
are proven to have an important role in anticancer drug development due to the fact that many of its derivatives have
shown an anticancer activity on various cell lines. Osthol, imperatorin, esculetin, scopoletin, umbelliprenin, angelicine,
bergamottin, limettin, metoxhalen, aurapten and isopimpinellin are some of these coumarins. This review
summarizes the anticancer effects of coumarins and their hybrid molecules including the novel pharmaceutical formulations
adding further information on the topic for the last ten years and basically focusing on the structureactivity
relationship of these compounds in cancer.
Distinct DNA Metabolism and Anti-proliferative Effects of Goat Urine Metabolites: An Explanation for Xeno-tumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Swami Swati , Sharma Nilesh K.
Published: March 2020

Background:

The tumor microenvironment, including microbiome populations in
the local niche of several types of solid tumors like mammary and colorectal cancer are distinct.
The occurrence of one type of cancer over another varies from animals to human individuals.
Further, clinical data suggest that specific cancer types such as mammary and colorectal
cancer are rare in ruminants like goat.

Methods:

Fresh urine samples were collected from healthy ruminants (cow, goat, buffalo,
ox), non-ruminant animals (horse, jenny) and human. Further, these urine samples were subjected
to fractionation by drying, vortexing, centrifugation and sterile filtration in DMSO extraction
solvent. Collected urine DMSO fraction (UDF) samples from all sources were subjected
to DNA metabolizing assay with plasmid DNA pBR322 and genomic DNA of MCF-7
cells. Next, based on the discernible DNA metabolizing effects of goat UDF among other
sources, goat UDF was tested for anti-proliferative effects upon HCT-116 and MCF-7 cells
using Trypan blue dye exclusion assay.

Results:

This paper reports that goat UDF possesses very clear DNA metabolizing effects
(up to 95%) upon plasmid and genomic DNA compared to other ruminants, non-ruminants
and human UDF samples. Interestingly, autoclaving of goat UDF and other sample results in
the significant loss of DNA metabolizing effects. In this way, data potentially indicate that
the goat UDF sample contains metabolite or similar organic compounds. Further, in vitro
treatment of the goat, UDF sample shows clear anti-proliferative effects upon HCT-116 (up
to 75%) and MCF-7 (up to 40%).

Conclusion:

This study signifies the clear differences in DNA metabolizing effects of goat
UDF over other selected animal sources. Furthermore, the observed DNA metabolizing effects
of goat UDF well correlate with anti-proliferative effects upon HCT-116 and MCF-7
cells. This study is a first report to show the comparison of urine metabolites among various
animals. Interestingly, findings propose an indirect link that may support the possible reasons
behind xeno-tumor heterogeneity in the form of rare occurrences of colorectal and mammary
cancer in goat over other ruminants, non-ruminants and human.
Stomata dan Trikoma Kultivar Kedelai Anjasmoro selama pemupukan Nanosilika dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
Authors: Suryanti Sri , Umami Arif
Published: March 2020

Soybean is a very important crop commodity in Indonesia. Increasing soybean production on dryland as cultivation land need to be carried out. Dryland have issues with either of nutrient and water availability which is not supportable for plant growth. Therefore, the application of nano-silica and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are expected to increase nutrient absorption, synthesis of plant growth hormone and increase in plant resistance to drought stress. The growth of drought-resistant plants is able to be showed through the status of stomata and trichomes on leaves. So that, this study aimed to determine the stomata and trichome performance of soybean plants of Anjasmoro cultivar using nano-silica and PGPR as fertilizers. The study design used a completely randomized design with 2 factors with three replication. The first factor was nano silica concentration i.e. 0, 100 and 200 ppm. The second factor was PGPR concentration i.e. 0, 5, 10, and 15%. Results showed that the nanosilica and PGPR applications had no significant effect on stomata and trichome status of Anjasmoro cultivar except for stomatal aperture and the ratio of the size of the stomata openings. A positive correlation has been found in the study between stomata openings and soybean yields.
Ludwig Wittgenstein, Culture and Value
Authors: Villanueva Enrique
Published: March 2020

Resumen
La semántica en la lógica de Tomás de Mercado
Authors: Beuchot Mauricio
Published: March 2020

This paper deals with an aspect of the semantic-theory of the scholastics, namely, the doctrine of suppositio, as it is presented by Tomás de Mercado, a logician of the 16th century in México. Suppositio was divided into (1) classes that are intensional and (2) classes that are extensional. A criterium to distinguish the extensional ones is the kind of ascensus/descensus that they are susceptible of. (Ascensus/descensus is a logical procedure akin to instantiation in modern logic.) In some scholastic authors the use of this criterion is subject to many changes and ambiguities. We try to show that the more simplified use of this procedure made by Mercado is consistent and clear enough.

[M.B.]
Notas sobre todólogos: Respuesta a Elia Nathan
Authors: Moulines C. Ulises
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Modal Logic in Sixteenth-Century Mexico
Authors: Redmond Walter
Published: March 2020

En este artículo el autor examina varios puntos de la lógica modal de Alonso de la Vera Cruz (1504-1584). Lo hace utilizando el instrumental de la lógica matemática, tal como ya lo ha hecho en otros trabajos. Se estudia el aspecto sintáctico de la lógica modal de Fray Alonso, pero sobre todo su aspecto semántico. En este último se destaca el carácter extensionalista del trabajo de Alonso. Finalmente, se presentan algunas dificultades que surgen en el texto analizado. [Mauricio Beuchot]
R.S. Woolhouse (ed.), Leibniz: Metaphysics and Philosophy of Science
Authors: Villanueva Enrique
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Jean Piaget y Rolando García, Psicogénesis e historia de la ciencia
Authors: Otero Mario H.
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Ezequiel de Olaso, Escepticismo e ilustración. La crisis pirrónica de Hume y Rousseau
Authors: Beuchot Mauricio
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Renford Bambrough, Moral Scepticism and Moral Knowledge
Authors: Esquivel Javier
Published: March 2020

Resumen
On Kinds of Relevance (Reply to Raymundo Morado)
Authors: Orayen Raúl
Published: March 2020

Abstract
Villoro: sobre verdad, objetividad y saber
Authors: Olivé León
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Jonathan Bennett, A Study of Spinoza's Ethics
Authors: Villanueva Enrique
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Is There Such Thing as a Language?
Authors: Pereda Carlos
Published: March 2020

Is There Such Thing as a Language?
Instrumentalism Revisited
Authors: Sober Elliott
Published: March 2020

Instrumentalism Revisited
Una teoría combinatoria de las representaciones científicas
Authors: Ibarra Andoni , Mormann Thomas
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new concept of scientific representation into philosophy of science. The new concept -to be called homological or functorial representation- is a genuine generalization of the received notion of representation as a structure preserving map as it is used, for example, in the representational theory of measurement. It may be traced back, at least implicitly, to the works of Hertz and Duhem. A modern elaboration may be found in the foundational discipline of mathematical category theory. In contrast to the familiar concepts of representations, functorial representations do not depend on any notion of similarity, neither structural nor objectual one. Rather, functorial representation establish correlations between the structures of the representing and the represented domains. Thus, they may be said to form a class of quite "non-isomorphic" representations. Nevertheless, and this is the central claim of this paper, they are the most common type of representations used in science. In our paper we give some examples from mathematics and empirical science. One of the most interesting features of the new concept is that it leads in a natural way to a combinatorial theory of scientific representations, i.e. homological or functorial representations do not live in insulation, rather, they may be combined and connected in various ways thereby forming a net of interrelated representations. One of the most important tasks of a theory of scientific representations is to describe this realm of combinatorial possibilities in detail. Some first tentative steps towards this endeavour are done in our paper.
María Liliana Lukac de Stier, El fundamento antropológico de la filosofía política y moral en Thomas Hobbes
Authors: Rivera Castro Faviola
Published: March 2020

María Liliana Lukac de Stier, El fundamento antropológico de la filosofía política y moral en Thomas Hobbes
¿Saber sin verdad? Objeciones a un argumento de Villoro
Authors: Hurtado Guillermo
Published: March 2020

Se examina uno de los argumentos principales de Creer, saber, conocer en contra de la inclusión de la noción de verdad en la definición de saber. Se sostiene que el argumento falla, entre otras razones, porque concede al escéptico una premisa falsa acerca de las condiciones de aplicabilidad del verbo "saber".
Julio Beltrán y Carlos Pereda (comps.), La certeza, ¿un mito? Naturalismo, falibilismo y escepticismo
Authors: Broncano Fernando
Published: March 2020

Julio Beltrán y Carlos Pereda (comps.), La certeza, ¿un mito? Naturalismo, falibilismo y escepticismo
Acerca de las parejas incongruentes y las figuras simétricas
Authors: Álvarez Carlos
Published: March 2020

Kant plantea el problema de las parejas incongruentes en 1768, posteriormente en 1770 y 1783. Este problema, relacionado con su concepción acerca de la naturaleza del espacio, se vincula también con su idea sobre la naturaleza del conocimiento geométrico. Mi objetivo en este texto es analizar las observaciones de Kant sobre este punto —tres de las cuales son, a nuestro juicio, de suma relevancia— a partir de la geometría sólida euclidiana, la que constituye precisamente el marco teórico en el cual él pretende que ellas incidan.