bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Coupling Relations of the Possible Factors Affecting Ammonia Nanofluid Bubbling Absorption
Authors: Wu Wei Dong , Zhang Hua , Sheng Wei , Li Zeng Yang
Published: November 2011

Bubbling absorption experiments of ammonia water(NH3/H2O) solution added with FeO nano-particles were carried out in some conditions. The results showed that the absorption effect of the ammonia-water solution with the nano-particles was improved. The several key factors affecting the absorption process, such as preparing of nanofluid, absorption pressure, solution temperature and the flow rate of cooling water, were also analyzed, repectively, and finally it was pointed out that there exist certain possible coupling relations between these influencing factors.
Application of Taguchi and Response Surface Methodologies for Surface Roughness in Rotary Tool Polishing Hardness Mould Steels
Authors: Potejana Potejanasak , Thongchattu Chakthong
Published: November 2011

This research proposes a new application of 3-axis CNC milling machine for polishing the 60 HRC hardness steels. The rotary polishing tools are designed by refer to the end-mill ball nose’s design. And the diamond powder was coated in rotary polishing tools. The L12 orthogonal array of the Taguchi’s method is selected to conduct the matrix experiment to determine the optimal polishing process parameters. The result show that polishing time was a dominant parameter for the surface roughness and the next was depth of penetration. The response surface design is then used to build the relationship between the input parameters and output responses. The experimental results show that the integrated approach does indeed find the optimal parameters that result in very good output responses in the rotary polishing tools polished hardness mould steel using CNC milling machine.
Wear Behavior of Surface Treated Alloy Steel with Assorted Blends of Fine Particles by Using Plasma Spray Process
Authors: Dhanasekaran R. , Senthil Kumar P. , Baskaran S. , Santhi K.
Published: November 2011

Surface treatment is a new improved treatment procedure which espouses the mitigation of root cause of failures and improves the internal properties of case-hardened alloy steel. Coating is one of the Surface treatment processes applied on the case hardened alloy steel by which a sign of tremendous improvement is shown in wear resistance. This is due to increase in hardness by coating fine particles of oxides of ceramics (OC) and tungsten carbide (WC) on the surface of alloy steel. The coating makes the surface of alloy steel completely devoid of retain austenite formation which is usually formed in other conventional heat treatment processes. An analysis has been made on the surface treated alloy steel which is coated with diverse blends of fine particles of OC and WC. The investigation of coating consists of numerous metallurgical processes to identify the coating powder specification, coating process, coating characteristics, micro-structure and wear resistance property for the surface treated alloy steel. The exploration reveals the best alternative among the coating blends of fine particles which are taken for analysis on base alloy steel.
A Study on the Effect of Process Parameters on Surface Topography of Al Thin Films on Various Substrates Using AFM
Authors: Shanmugan S. , Mutharasu D. , Hassan Z. , Hassan H. Abu.
Published: November 2011

Al thin films were prepared over different substrates at various process conditions using DC sputtering. The surface topography of all prepared films was examined using AFM technique. Very smooth, uniform and dense surface were observed for Al films coated over Glass substrates. The observed particle size was nano scale (20 -70 nm) for Glass substrates. Sputtering power showed immense effect on surface roughness with respective to Ar gas flow rate. Noticeable change on surface with large particles was observed in Copper substrates at various sputtering power and gas flow rate.
Preparation of Geopolymer Using the Slag from Direct Reduction-Magnetic Separation of Refractory Iron Ore (SDRMS)
Authors: Yang Hui Fen , Dang Chun Ge , Xu Wei
Published: November 2011

Geopolymers are man-made aluminosilicate materials with many exceptional properties. The preparation of geopolymer, using SDRMS as main raw material, lime (CaO) and gypsum (CaSO4ּ2H2O) as activators in analytical grade, was carried out, and the hydration products of which were characterized by XRD and SEM simultaneously in this study. The results revealed that compressive strength of geopolymer paste obtained by the combined excitation of lime and gypsum, was higher than that obtained by only excitation of lime. The former was in the range of 46-70 MPa, the latter was 5–28 MPa after 28d maintenance of geopolymer paste. The highest strength of 70MPa was obtained when the weight ratio of SDRMS/ lime/ gypsum was at 70:20:10 in the geopolymer paste. By the combined excitation of lime and gypsum, the SiO2 and Al2O3 in SDRMS were changed into the hydrates of ettringite, gismondine, killalaite and other based on XRD, which were observed with the acupuncture-like, fibrous, tabular and dendritic microstructure based on SEM.
Research of Person-Parachute System Motion in Free-Fall Phase
Authors: Yu Ying Xiao , Wang Yu Fei
Published: November 2011

Firstly, the characteristics of person-parachute sys-tem (PPS) in free-fall phase are analyzed. Then, the particle motion equations of PPS are built up. The motion law of PPS in free-fall phase is found by computing. Fall synthesis velocity decreases firstly, then gradually increases, so there is a minimum value of synthesis velocity when is favorable parachute opening moment. Results and actual test show good agreement, which provides an evidence for determining parachute opening moment.
Processing Method and Property Studies of Composite Geotextiles
Authors: Cheng Qian
Published: November 2011

The relations between properties and processing parameters of needle-punched composite geotextiles are tentatively discussed in the paper. In the meantime, a new kind of adhesive bonded composite geotextiles are developed in the laboratory. Then the hydrokenetic properties of the two composite geotextiles are analyzed and compared. The results were got that with the increment of needle-punching density, breaking strength, vertical permeate coefficient and O95 of needle-punched composite geotextiles are all increase, whereas peeling strength decreases. With the rise of needle-punching depth, the breaking strength decreases, but both peeling strength and O95 are increase. Meanwhile, with the rise of bonded area, adhesive bonded composite geotextiles have good permeate property. On the other hand, adhesive bonded composite geotextiles have similar peeling strength compared with needle-punched composite geotextiles, but manifested with better permeability.
Computations for Simplification of Canned Cycles in CNC Programming for Turning Operations
Authors: Malviya Vikas K. , Jain Prashant Kumar
Published: November 2011

Canned cycles are predefined machine instructions stored permanently in the machine controller. These are used while writing part program to perform machining operations that are of repetitive nature. Whenever G & M code for these canned cycles appeared in part program, the controller of the machine calls already stored instructions and executes. However all CNC machines may not have facility to run part programs with canned cycles due to lack of computational facilities. The developed utility in this program allows part programmers to write part program using canned cycles and later on convert them in simplified programs to run on the low cost CNC machines. Present work deals with computations required to convert a canned cycle into linear interpolation based on the machining parameters assigned in that canned cycles. Developed code reads the CNC part program and extracts the desired points from presented canned cycles and perform desired geometric computations to converts it into simple part programs with elimination of canned cycles and writes in another text file in the form of a part program. Developed system is user friendly and made available online for users at http://virtualcnc.iiitdmj.ac.in. It implies a web based online client-server architecture which facilitates user to send their own CNC part programs with canned cycles at server site via internet and get the simplified part program which contains only linear interpolation at their end. Therefore the developed utility in this work can also provide an interface/exchange program for part programs between various CNC machines of different make.
Application of Stochastic Differential Equation and Optimal Control for Engineering Problems
Authors: Rezaeyan Ramzan
Published: November 2011

Stochastic differential equations(SDEs) is fundamental for the modeling in engineering and science. The goal of this paper is study optimal control of the solution a SDE. We consider the optimal control for risky stocks stochastic model with using of the SDE.
A Framework for a Development of an Intelligent CNC Controller Based on Step-NC
Authors: Elias D.M. , Yusri Y. , Mohamad M.
Published: November 2011

STEP-NC standard contains information on how CNC machine tools can be represented from STEP product data model. STEP-NC is an extension of STEP which is the standard for exchange product model data. This determines the neutral data format for digital information from a product. This paper is to propose an architecture of intelligent controller via multi-agent-based conceptual as the reference architecture. It can be successfully used to create an open CNC on ISO standard of ISO 14649 and ISO 10303. This offers interoperability, portability, and adaptability. The proposed framework consists of four main modules, STEP-NC interface, simulator, data warehouse, and communication. In order to optimize, the controller should incorporate with various technology related to intelligent, such as kernel software, open communication port and open hardware design. The architecture will be implemented in CNC controller and to be tested later on actual milling machine. It will simplify the design of CNC machine controller with the architecture layers responsible for data processing, data storage, execution and feedback. This paper will discuss order towards the requirements for global interoperable manufacturing for real-life machining system.
A Study on Extraction Method of Non Geometry Information in Engineering Drawing Title Block
Authors: Amran Mohd Fahmi Mohamad , Sulaiman Riza , Marjudi Suziyanti , Kahar Saliyah
Published: November 2011

When designer designing a new engineering drawing, they will refer to the previous valid design document that same or nearly match with their new design specification. Previous design have been reviewed, analyzed and proven to be successful. By using the previous design, it likely saves significant resources and manpower. In real situations, engineering drawing is usually in large quantities and not in order. This paper describes a research and development of an extraction technique in the field of engineering drawing. Non-geometry information that will be emphasis in this research is information that available in the title block.
Image Analysis Workflow for 2-D Electrophoresis Gels Based on ImageJ
Authors: Natale Massimo , Maresca Bernardetta , Abrescia Paolo , Bucci Enrico M.
Published: November 2011

A number of commercial software packages are currently available to perform digital two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-GE) gel analysis. However, both the high cost of the commercial packages and the unavailability of a standard data analysis workflow, have prompted several groups to develop freeware systems to perform certain steps of gel analysis. Unfortunately, to the best of our knowledge none of them offer a package that performs all the steps envisaged in a 2D-GE gel analysis. Here we describe an ImageJ-based procedure, able to manage all the steps of a 2D-GE gel analysis. ImageJ is a free available image processing and analysis application developed by National Institutes of Health (NIH) and widely used in different life sciences fields as medical imaging, microscopy, western blotting and PAGE. Nevertheless no one has yet developed a procedure enabled to compare spots on 2D-GE gels. We collected all used ImageJ tools in a plug-in that allows us to perform the whole 2D-GE analysis. To test it, we performed a set of 2D-GE experiments on plasma samples from 9 patients victims of acute myocardial infarction and 8 controls, and we compared the results obtained by our procedure to those obtained using a widely diffuse commercial package, finding similar performances.
Comparing Changes in Health Risk Factors and Medical Costs over Time
Authors: Haynes George , Dunnagan Tim
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

This study was designed to examine the association between health status/behaviors and changes in these measures over time with health costs.

Design.

This study employed a 6-year (1993–1998) retrospective cohort design to examine the relationship between health indicator variables, health insurance costs, and utilization. The outcome variables of interest were measures of health insurance costs and utilization of health care services.

Setting.

Public employer located in the northeastern United States.

Subjects.

In all, 1940 employees were included in the study on the basis of their membership in the worksite health plan and their having complete health indicator data collected during each of the two time periods (1993–1995 and 1996–1998).

Measures.

The health insurance data were obtained directly from the organization's Third Party Administrator. The health indicator variables included blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, and smoking status.

Results.

At-risk employees had a greater probability of submitting health insurance claims than did no-risk employees in approximately 70% of the 18 Major Diagnostic Codes that were examined. Higher costs were associated with the at-risk classification (mean = $3237 and median = $433) over time, and lower costs (mean = $1626 and median = $49) were associated with maintaining a no-risk status over time.

Conclusions.

These findings support the notions that lower health risk and maintaining a no-risk status over time are associated with lower health insurance costs.
Smoking Attitudes and Practices among Low-Income African-Americans: Qualitative Assessment of Contributing Factors
Authors: Beech Bettina M. , Scarinci Isabel C.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

Studies have shown that African-American adolescents are less likely to smoke cigarettes than white youth. National data suggest that this pattern changes in late adolescence and early adulthood. Specifically, African-American adults have a relatively high smoking prevalence rate when compared with other racial/ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the sociocultural factors associated with smoking attitudes and practices among low-income African-American young adults.

Design.

Cross-sectional qualitative study.

Settings.

High schools, 2-year colleges, housing developments, and trade schools in New Orleans, Louisiana, and Memphis, Tennessee.

Subjects.

One hundred eighteen low-income African Americans between 18 and 35 years of age (65 men and 53 women).

Measure/Procedure.

Fourteen focus groups were conducted with the target population. Nonmonetary incentives were provided for each participant in the 1-hour sessions. The majority of focus group moderators were African-American females trained in focus group moderation. Participants were recruited through flyers and project liaisons at each field location.

Results.

Themes elicited from the focus groups were classified according to the PEN-3 model, and they included: lighting cigarettes for parents as a first experience with cigarettes, perceived stress relief benefits of smoking, use of cigarettes to extend the sensation of marijuana, and protective factors against smoking such as respect for parental rules.

Conclusion.

The results indicate that there are specific contextual and familial factors that can contribute to smoking initiation, maintenance, and cessation among low-income African-American young adults. Limitations of this study include the exploratory nature of focus groups and the relatively small sample size. Further studies are necessary to quantitatively examine the role of these factors on smoking patterns in this population.
Congruence of Readiness to Change, Self-Efficacy, and Decisional Balance for Physical Activity and Dietary Fat Reduction
Authors: Boudreaux Edwin D. , Wood Karen B. , Mehan Dan , Scarinci Isabel , Taylor Cindy L. Carmack , Brantley Phillip J.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

The current study examines the relations between decisional balance and self-efficacy variables on stage of change between the behaviors of avoiding dietary fat and increasing exercise.

Design.

A cross-sectional design was used.

Setting.

The current study took place in public primary care clinics from four sites across Louisiana. Clinics were associated with teaching hospitals and located in urban and rural areas.

Subjects.

Subjects included 515 adult outpatients, 60% African-American, 81% women, and 43% married. The age ranged from 18 to 87 years old, and the mean age was 45 (SD = 14). Patients were predominantly low-income (mean household income of $490 per month) and uninsured (71%).

Measures.

Standard questionnaires were given to assess stage of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy for exercise and dietary fat reduction.

Results.

Although the χ2 analysis revealed that dietary fat and exercise stage of change were significantly related, Pearson χ2 (df = 16) = 74.30, p < .001, 35% of the sample was stage incongruent between behaviors (e.g., a significant percentage of exercise maintainers were precon-templators for reducing dietary fat). Only 27% of the sample was in the same stage for both behaviors. Correlations and multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVAs) indicated that relationships between behaviors were similar to those found previously within behaviors; however, the effect sizes were markedly attenuated.

Conclusions.

These results have implications for healthcare providers working with weight management. Accurate assessment of readiness for change for both exercise and dietary fat consumption is critical. For many patients, readiness for change differs dramatically between the two behaviors, and interventions may need to be tailored more precisely. Providers may need to use more active, behaviorally focused interventions for the more advanced behavior while simultaneously implementing more cognitively focused interventions for the less advanced one.
Organizational Health Promotion: Broadening the Horizon of Workplace Health Promotion
Authors: DeJoy David M. , Wilson Mark G.
Published: November 2011

This article argues that efforts to improve the health and well-being of the workforce should begin with the organization itself. The term organizational health promotion is introduced to expand the scope of worksite health promotion. Organizational health promotion delves into the basic structural and organizational fabric of the enterprise—to how work is organized. The core themes of healthy work organization are introduced, and the status of our ability to identify organizational risk factors is discussed. A conceptual model of healthy work organization is presented, along with a process for expanding the health promotive capacity of the organization. The final section addresses challenges related to adopting an organizational health promotion perspective.
Ethnic Differences among Correlates of Physical Activity in Women
Authors: Mâsse Louise C. , Anderson Cheryl B.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

This study investigated differences between two ethnic minority groups on five hypothesized correlates of physical activity (beliefs about the value of physical activity, normative modeling, perceived barriers, outcome expectations, and self-efficacy).

Design.

A cross-sectional sample consisting of 246 African American and Hispanic women 40 to 70 years of age was used. Multivariate analysis of covariance including interactions with education and income was used.

Results.

A three-way interaction (ethnicity by education by income) was significant for perceived barriers. In addition, a two-way interaction (education by income) was significant for normative modeling.

Conclusions.

Ethnic differences by education and income were associated with some correlates of physical activity; therefore, it is important to consider this diversity when designing physical-activity interventions for minority women.
The Relationship between Hardiness, Supervisor Support, Group Cohesion, and Job Stress as Predictors of Job Satisfaction
Authors: Steinhardt Mary A. , Dolbier Christyn L. , Gottlieb Nell H. , McCalister Katherine T.
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

This study tested a conceptual model based on research supporting the relationship between the predictors of hardiness, supervisor support, and group cohesion and the criterions of job stress and job satisfaction and between the predictor of job stress and the criterion of job satisfaction.

Design.

The study employed a cross-sectional research design. Survey data were collected as part of the baseline measures assessed prior to an organizational hardiness intervention.

Setting.

Worksite of Dell Computer Corporation in Austin, Texas.

Subjects.

The subjects included 160 full-time Dell employees recruited from a convenience sample representing nine work groups (response rate = 90%).

Measures.

Hardiness was measured using the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS), job stress was measured using the Perceived Work Stress Scale (PWSS), and supervisor support, group cohesion, and job satisfaction were measured using a proprietary employee attitude survey.

Results.

In the proposed model, high hardiness, supervisor support, and group cohesion were related to lower levels of job stress, which in turn was related to higher levels of job satisfaction. The model also proposed direct paths from hardiness, supervisor support, and group cohesion to job satisfaction. Path analysis was used to examine the goodness of fit of the model. The proposed model was a good fit for the data (χ2[1, N = 160] = 1.85, p = .174) with the exception of the direct path between group cohesion and job satisfaction. Substantial portions of the variances in job stress ( R2 = .19) and job satisfaction (R2 = .44) were accounted for by the predictors.

Conclusion.

Implications for targeted worksite health promotion efforts to lower job stress and enhance job satisfaction are discussed.
Walking and Bicycling: An Evaluation of Environmental Audit Instruments
Authors: Moudon Anne Vernez , Lee Chanam
Published: November 2011

Purpose.

This paper reviews existing environmental audit instruments used to capture the walkability and bikability of environments. The review inventories and evaluates individual measures of environmental factors used in these instruments. It synthesizes the current state of knowledge in quantifying the built environment. The paper provides health promotion professionals an understanding of the essential aspects of environments influencing walking and bicycling for both recreational and transportation purposes. It serves as a basis to develop valid and efficient tools to create activity-friendly communities.

Data Sources.

Keyword searches identified journal articles from the computer-based Academic Citation Databases, including the National Transportation Library, the Web of Science Citation Database, and MEDLINE. Governmental publications and conference proceedings were also searched.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria.

All instruments to audit physical environments have been included in this review, considering both recreation- and transportation-related walking and bicycling. Excluded are general methods devised to estimate walking and cycling trips, those used in empirical studies on land use and transportation, and research on walking inside buildings.

Data Extraction Methods.

Data have been extracted from each instrument using a template of key items developed for this review. The data were examined for quality assurance among three experienced researchers.

Data Synthesis.

A behavioral model of the built environment guides the synthesis according to three components: the origin and destination of the walk or bike trip, the characteristics of the road traveled, and the characteristics of the areas surrounding the trip's origin and destination. These components, combined with the characteristics of the instruments themselves, lead to a classification of the instruments into the four categories of inventory, route quality assessment, area quality assessment, and approaches to estimating latent demand for walking and bicycling. Furthermore, individual variables used in each instrument to measure the environment are grouped into four classes: spatiophysical, spatiobehavioral, spatiopsychosocial, and policy-based.

Major Conclusions.

Individually, existing instruments rely on selective classes of variables and therefore assess only parts of built environments that affect walking and bicycling. Most of the instruments and individual measures have not been rigorously tested because of a lack of available data on walking and bicycling and because of limited research budgets. Future instrument development will depend on the acquisition of empirical data on walking and bicycling, on inclusion of all three components of the behavioral model, and on consideration of all classes of variables identified.
A New Vision for Health Promotion and Nutrition Education
Authors: Tuttle Cynthia Reeves , Derrick Brenda , Tagtow Angie
Published: November 2011

Increased integration and collaboration of health promotion and nutrition education professionals to effectively engage consumers, debunk nutrition and health information, and mitigate the effect of chronic diseases is the vision presented for success in the future. Current and optimal roles of educators are discussed in relation to societal trends and their inherent opportunities and barriers. Recommendations for strengthening the role of health promotion in settings where nutrition educators work are provided and include the need for strong academic preparation, field-based training, and continual professional development. The overall goal of these recommendations is to enable nutrition educators and health promotion professionals to advance their professions and develop effective strategies that support the achievement of improved health for all.
A Vision for Older Adults and Health Promotion
Authors: Beattie Bonita Lynn , Whitelaw Nancy , Mettler Molly , Turner David
Published: November 2011

Our rapidly aging population is expected to place heavy demands on all segments of society, particularly the health care resources needed to attend to health concerns associated with aging. Is this a looming crisis, as some predict, or a challenge to use resources more wisely and to help older adults and their caregivers share in the responsibility for health promotion and chronic disease self-management activities? Community-based organizations serving older adults are uniquely positioned to augment health care providers' health promotion counseling activities and to bridge the gap between the research and practice of health promotion in older adults. They already play a crucial role by providing appropriate health promotion education, screening and referral, service planning, and reinforcement to facilitate self-care activities and behavior changes that promote healthy aging. By increasing teamwork across the network of services for the aging, the health sector, public and private organizations, and academe, there is a great opportunity to enhance the health and well-being of all older Americans.

If I'd known I was gonna live this long, I'd have taken better care of myself. —Eubie Blake at age 100
Anthropomorphic figurines from Vinča excavations 1998–2009
Authors: Tasić Nenad
Published: November 2011

The paper presents figurines from excavations at Vinča 1998–2000 dated to the very end of the Late Neolithic. Along with a presentation and analysis of these objects, the paper addresses questions of the development of sculpture in Vinča, and matters of symbolism in the Late Vinča period. Some interesting contexts with an abundance of anthropomorphic figurines are presented and discussed.
Can we reconcile individualisation with relational ‘personhood: a case study from the Early Neolithic
Authors: John Chapman , Bisserka Gaydarska
Published: November 2011

In this article, we seek to discuss the tension between relational personhood, characterised by ‘dividuals’, and the individualisation of persons whose driving force was the creation of new embodied skills learnt to perform the wide range of new tasks which defined the farming way of life. This is, in effect, an exploration of the consequences of a vivid new world itself created by the interactions of a wider variety of individuals with different skills than had ever been seen before, including those required for domesticating animals, potting, building rectangular houses, growing cereals and pulses and polishing stone tools and ornaments.
5 - Decentralisation and Development: The Malawian Experience
Authors: Hussein Mustafa K.
Published: November 2011

The reorientation of the local government system towards decentralisation has been at the centre stage in most developing countries, including Malawi, since the advent of multiparty democracy in the 1990s. The justification for the adoption of some form of decentralisation is to promote democratic governance and participatory approaches in development. The primary purpose in this article is to analyse the context within which decentralisation initiatives are undertaken in Malawi and to assess the extent to which decentralisation promotes participatory approaches in development. This paper is based primarily on documentary research and supplemented by interviews conducted with senior officials from local authorities and with selected members of the public.
10 - Autorités traditionnelles, multipartisme et gouvernance démocratique au Cameroun
Authors: Mouiche Ibrahim
Published: November 2011

Cette étude part du constat suivant lequel les chefferies traditionnelles constitu ent le cadre naturel de mobilisation des masses pour les actions de développement en milieu rural. Elle s'interroge sur le militantisme politique des chefs (notamment sur le soutien qu'ils apportent au parti au pouvoir en ce temps de multipartisme au Cameroun), sur leur incursion dans les arènes électorales et constate que cet opportunisme ne conduit qu'à l'affaiblissement de leur position, au dysfonctionnement des chefferies et même plus grave, à la criminalisation de la politique. Elle pose alors comme gage d'une bonne gouvernance, la neutralité politique des chefs qui ne signifie nullement départicipation politique. Et parce que ceux-ci seront neutres, ils gagneront en dignité et la cohésion des chefferies renforcée. Avec une telle caution morale, les chefs constitueront un vecteur de mobilisation plutôt que de division et ne seront nullement exposés à l'indocilité de leurs populations. Ce faisant, ils imprimeront dans leurs chefferies une dynamique de développement en leurs qualités d'administrateurs de la brousse.
7 - Le désordre du monde
Authors: Ndiaye Babacar
Published: November 2011

Le début du XXIe siècle se caractérise par l’accumulation et la consécution vertigineuse d’événements graves : crises, actes terroristes aveugles et guerres. Cet état de fait est au fondement d’une analyse critique, sans pessimisme ni complaisance, de la situation qui prévaut dans le monde. Celle-ci s’apparente profondément à un désordre. Par-delà ce constat et en guise de simple contribu- tion, quelques pistes indicatives sont explorées pour la résorption de ce dérèglement du monde.
2 - Community Development: A Cross-Examination of Theory and Practice Using Experiences in Rural Malawi
Authors: Jimu Ignasio Malizani
Published: November 2011

The philosophy of ‘community development’ relates to the concept of ‘locality’ and people. In essence it underscores the indispensability of local needs, aspirations and local resource mobilization within geographically and socially defined spheres. Through an appraisal of community involvement in various projects, this paper interrogates the virtues of community development practices in Malawi in the last 40 years. While acknowledging that community development or local participation, as it is popularly known, is ideal in many development activities, this paper argues that participation is not a magic pill for rural development. Participation in gravity water and social action fund projects, among others, provide instances for appreciating the opportunities and the challenges of community development. One such challenge is the absence of projects that are in every sense community-driven. With few exceptions, there is no participation that is truly voluntary. Vulnerability to poverty and lack of resources at community levels defeat efforts towards genuine community development. This is a similar outcome to projects implemented under coercive rule.
9 - The Use of Land to Generate Political Support
Authors: Onoma Ato Kwamena
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The Interface between National Interest and Regional Stability: The Nile River and the Riparian States
Authors: G.Adar Korwa
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The Interpretation of the 1929 Treaty and its Legal Relevance and Implications for the Stability of the Region
Authors: Lumumba Patrick Loch Otieno
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Kenya’s Foreign Policy and Geopolitical Interests: The Case of the Nile River Basin
Authors: Adar Korwa G.
Published: November 2011

Abstract
The Quest for Cooperation in the Nile Water Conflicts: The Case of Eritrea
Authors: Oloo Adams
Published: November 2011

AbstractA
Malls in Zambia: Racialised retail expansion and South African foreign investors in Zambia
Authors: Miller Darlene , Nel Etienne , Hampawe Godfrey
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Transnational Telecommunications Capital Expanding From South Africa into Africa: Adapting to African Growth and South African Transformation Demands
Authors: Sánchez Diana
Published: November 2011

Abstarct
South Africa’s Subimperial Futures: Washington Consensus, Bandung Consensus, or Peoples’ Consensus?
Authors: Martin William G.
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Xenophobia and the of the refugee in the rainbow nation of human rights
Authors: Desai Ashwin
Published: November 2011

Absract
Family planning dialogue: Identifying the key determinants of young women’s use and selection of contraception in Namibia
Authors: Indongo Nelago
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Adjustment Patterns and Obstacles Against Social Rehabilitation of Sex Workers in Nigeria
Authors: Aderinto A. A.
Published: November 2011

Abstract
‘I want to be a star’: Doping technology and the incidence of performance-enhancing drugs among actors in Nigeria
Authors: Nwadigwe Charles Emeka
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Measuring Ethnic Identification and Attachment in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Shaw-Taylor Yoku
Published: November 2011

Abstract
Biafra in the Present: Trauma of a Loss
Authors: Oloyede Olajidee
Published: November 2011

This paper forms part of a wider attempt at engaging the issues of nation building, war, and trauma within the context of a developing sociology of trauma. It focuses, specifically, on Biafra, a recurring issue in the political and economic discussions in Nigeria. It delimits the focus to trauma. The Igbo perception of their increased marginalisation in the scheme of thingsin contemporary Nigeria brings to the fore the idea of Biafra, an Igbo attempt to create an Igbo nation-state which subsequently resulted into the war which foreshadowed many of the conflicts that would threaten to ‘shatter’ many post colonial Africa. The war was traumatic:it inflicted fear and suffering. With the use of cultural trauma and the notion of the loss of assumptive world, the paper suggests that its loss was more traumatic because of the shattering of the cognitive representation of Biafra, an entity which was to bring a sense of belonging and connection that would cohere the Igbo being. In the wake of the loss of Biafra, the assumptive world of the Igbo was shattered. The paper suggests further that current recollection of Biafra by the Igbo serves as an illustration of the ‘collective trauma’ of its loss. The theoretical basis for the argument in this paper is that Biafra is rooted in the psyche of the Igbo.
Anthropologie des enjeux de la violence chez lagunaires de Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Raymond Mel Meledje
Published: November 2011

Le projet d’une Côte d’Ivoire nouvelle suscite particulièrement dans les communautés lagunairesune dynamique de transformation des ordres sociaux (institutions, idéologie des classesd’âge, matrilinéarité) face aux nouveaux enjeux qui mobilisent les populations (démocratie,développement, bien-être des populations, respect des institutions, création de nouvelles richesses,etc.). L’analyse socio-anthropologique de la micro-violence dans ces communautés à travers ces ordres sociaux et leur transformation, la justification des indices d’expression de la violence et les enjeux de celle-ci dans la transformation sociale, révèle que la violence en «s’inscrivant » dans ce processus comme un désordre apparent (Gbudzu-gbudzu), mieux comme un moyen de passage de l’ordre ancien à l’ordre nouveau, est au surplus le thermostat dans la bonne marche de la transformation sociale pour un mieux être.
Televisão e Formação Académica dos Adolescentes: Um Estudo de Caso num Bairro de Luanda1
Authors: Manuel Adérito
Published: November 2011

A escola e a televisão são dois dos mais injluentes agentes de socialização para os adolescentes. Em Luanda tem aumentado o número de pessoas e instituições que têm tido cada vez mais acesso, quer por cabo, quer por antena parabólica, a canais de televisão emitidos de diferentes realidades socioculturais e com diversificada programação. Assim, a televisão parece se tornar, cada vez mais, num poderoso concorrente que veicula valores, quantas vezes perversos, em rela- ção ao que étransmitido pela escola mas também pode tornar-se num potencial complemento ou aliado desta última para a formação académica dos adolescentes em função das escolhas que possam fazer dos programas de televisão que tenham conteúdo que aprendem na escola. Deste modo, que articulação têm a televisão ea escola para a formação dos adolescentes? É essa a principal questão por nós discutida. A nossa comunicação é basead numa pesquisa que realizámos num bairro de Luanda. Pre- tende demonstrar que esta articulação tem sido fraca para os adolescentes do bairro que foi objecto do estudo, por isso, os adolescentes têm boas razões para prestarem mais atenção aos programas de entretimento do que aqueles que têm carácter académico e científico.
Identity issues in urban ethno-communal con! ict in Africa: an empirical study of Ife-Modakeke crisis in Nigeria
Authors: Asiyanbola Raimi Abidemi
Published: November 2011

This paper examines identity issues in urban ethno-communal con" ict focusing on the case of Ife-Modakeke in Nigeria. ! e data used in the study is from a larger survey carried out by the author in Ife and Modakeke communities. ! e data collected was analysed using simple frequencies, percentages and correlation statistical technique. Given the circumstance that led to the birth of Modakeke; the status of Modakeke and that of its people has always been a source of dispute and con" ict. First, is the issue of landlord/tenant relationship and second, is the issue of indigene/non-indigene status and by extension the problem of citizenship. In both communities ethnic attachment is high, and, inter-personal relationship among the people in the two communities is not that very cordial. Signi# cant negative relationship is found between inter-personal relationship and age, age of the youngest child, and if most important organization belonged to is ethnic organization. Signi# cant positive relationship is found between inter-personal relationship and having relative in the other community (Ife or Modakeke). the result of the correlation analysis between ethnic attachment and inter-personal relationships among the people of the two communities though found not to be signi# cant shows a negative relationship. this result suggests that for sustainable peace to be attained there is the need to pursue policies that encourages social integration, as well as policies that discourage strong ethnic attachment and the spread of ethnically related organizations in the two communities.
Re-appropriating Matrifocality: Endogeneity and African Gender Scholarship
Authors: Adésínà Jìmí O.
Published: November 2011

A central concern of many Southern sociologists has been the crisis ‘intellectual dependence’ (Alatas 2000). Averting what Hountondji (1997) refers to as ‘extraversion’ involves separat- ing what is idiographic in western social science scholarship from its nomothetic aspirations; what chakrabathy (2000) called ‘provincializing europe.’ It involves excavating local ‘li- braries’ (Zeleza 2006b) and scholarship that takes its ‘locale’ or research site on its own terms. ‘The study of Africa’, Oyewumi (2004) argued, ‘must start with Africa.’ In this paper, we ex- plore the works of Ifi Amadiume and Oyeronke Oyewumi as such ventures in endogeneity, and examples of the contribution that African sociologists make when they take their ethnographic data on its own terms; without status anxiety. we examine the contributions of Amadiume and Oyewumi to gender scholarship, focusing on the idea of matrifocality or matricentricity. while not a new concept, the idea of matrifocal or matricentric societies acquires distinct valency in their epistemic framework and as the basis for theorising matriarchy. Rather than an exercise in the archaeology of a ‘mythical pre-historic past’ (eller 2000), matricentricity in Amadiume’s works accounts for the structural and ideo- logical conditions of many African societies. It affords us the basis for transcending the ‘bio- logic’ (Oyewumi 1997) of dominant western feminist discourses. Beyond the epistemic rupture that it produces in gender Studies, we argue that the concept of matrifocality has wider heu- ristic value. we illustrate its theoretical value for rethinking ‘Identity’, beyond the prevailing patricentric framing, and in allowing us to make sense of contemporary African data.
Structural orientation and social agency in South Africa: state, race, higher education and transformation
Authors: Thaver Lionel , Thaver Beverley
Published: November 2011

we have taken as our brief and context the latest upsurge in incidents of a racist nature incertain higher education institutions in South Africa. what we contribute to thinking on the subject is goldberg’s (2002) theoretical framework in which he focuses on the emergence, for- mation, existence and transformation of racial formations as constitutive of social life. In the South African context we apply this framework and its understanding of racial traditions to higher education in order to reveal the shifts across the social formations of segregation, apart- heid and constitutional democracy. Our central argument is that goldberg’s concept of racial naturalist and racial historicist traditions of social agency when applied to higher education institutions disclose legacies of a differentiated racial regime. In this regard, we take up the trajectory of racialisation as in its segregationist and apartheid modalities of state formation; its deracialisation in our post-apartheid modality of social engagement towards the non-racial project of constitutional democracy as a movement beyond the shadow of racist thinking both implicit and explicit. The thrust of our engagement is that in order to make sense of racial formations and their modalities of structural orientation and social agency we need to think of racism within the complex of a state-race-class nexus. In sum then, the argument that we make vis-à-vis the differentiated racialised orders is that we need to embed ourselves within our national, South African, and continental, African, contexts in order to challenge the racial traditions that continue to bedevil efforts towards consolidating our constitutional democracy and its concomitant epistemic project.
Stratégie de survie et culture de jeunes dans les marchés urbains de Dakar : cas des adolescentes travailleuses (Sénégal).
Authors: Rosalie A Diop
Published: November 2011

cet article porte sur la vie quotidienne des adolescentes travailleuses dans les marchés urbainset péri-urbains de Dakar, capitale du Sénégal. elle vise à approfondir la compréhension et laconnaissance sur les stratégies de survie et la socialisation des jeunes dans les rues des villessénégalaises et sur les logiques de celles-ci dans un contexte social spécifique. Le travail desado- lescentes recouvre des activités hétérogènes conçues sous l’angle des stratégies de surviePlusieurs facteurs socio-démographiques et éléments sociologiques expliquent l’insertion précoce des ado- lescentes dans les activités de production et dans le petit-commerce, en particulier. Les raisons, les motivations et les intérêts des adolescentes d’exercer ce travail sont pluriels mais une logique importante et rationnelle apparaît et réside dans leur contribution à la survie familiale.. Dans ce cadre, il représente pour elles une quête positive de sens construite autour de la recherche d’une survie instrumentale, de la satisfaction des besoins personnels et de la conquête d’un nouvel espace de réalisation. Les stratégies développées participent à laconstruction progressive de leur identité et permettent une reconnaissance sociale. ces activitésleur permettent aussi de se construire en tant qu’actrices et d’augmenter leur zone d’autonomie et de liberté. cela exerce une influence positive sur la transformation de leur statut et sur la placequ’elles occupent dans la société.
Emerging Reality in Customary Land Tenure: The Case of Kachenga Village in Balaka District, Southern Malawi.
Authors: Paul Kishindo
Published: November 2011

This paper discusses land tenure changes that have occurred in one village in Balaka district, southern Malawi and the forces that have been at work. The current land tenure system departs in a number significant of ways from what is supposed to be the ideal situation. Among the important changes are the diminishing role of the group village headman as allocator of land rights, increasing importance of family heads as allocaters of land rights and the development of an informal land market.
Epistemological Issues in the Making of an African medicine: Sutherlandia (Lessertia Frutescens)
Authors: Olajide Oloyede
Published: November 2011

The scientific clinical trial of the African traditional medicine, Sutherlandia (Lessertia fru-tescens) forms an interface between the indigenous local knowledge of people living with Aids, traditional health practitioners and that of science and global health. up till now, no cross-disciplinary studies have been done on epistemological questions concerning especially the knowledge and understanding of ‘proof ’ of efficacy concerning an African traditional medicine. This paper draws together insights and analysis from the anthropology and sociology of health and healing in discussing the intersecting fields of knowledge and experience of pharmacology, phytotherapy and related fields, as well as that of biomedical and traditional health practitio- ners, and of research subjects involved in the making of clinical trials of sutherlandia (lessertia frutescens) in South Africa.