bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The pH dependency of the boron isotopic composition of diatom opal (Thalassiosira weissflogii)
Authors: Donald Hannah K. , Foster Gavin L. , Fröhberg Nico , Swann George E. A. , Poulton Alex J. , Moore C. Mark , Humphreys Matthew P.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The high-latitude oceans are key areas of carbon and heat exchange between
the atmosphere and the ocean. As such, they are a focus of both modern
oceanographic and palaeoclimate research. However, most palaeoclimate
proxies that could provide a long-term perspective are based on calcareous
organisms, such as foraminifera, that are scarce or entirely absent in
deep-sea sediments south of 50∘ S in the Southern Ocean and north
of 40∘ N in the North Pacific. As a result, proxies need to be
developed for the opal-based organisms (e.g. diatoms) found at these high
latitudes, which dominate the biogenic sediments recovered from these
regions. Here we present a method for the analysis of the boron (B) content
and isotopic composition (δ11B) of diatom opal. We apply it for
the first time to evaluate the relationship between seawater pH, δ11B and B concentration ([B]) in the frustules of the diatom
Thalassiosira weissflogii, cultured across a range of carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and
pH values. In agreement with existing data, we find that the [B]
of the cultured diatom frustules increases with increasing pH (Mejía et al.,
2013). δ11B shows a relatively well defined negative trend with
increasing pH, completely distinct from any other biomineral previously
measured. This relationship not only has implications for the magnitude of
the isotopic fractionation that occurs during boron incorporation into opal,
but also allows us to explore the potential of the boron-based proxies for
palaeo-pH and palaeo-CO2 reconstruction in high-latitude marine
sediments that have, up until now, eluded study due to the lack of suitable
carbonate material.
Worldwide version-controlled database of glacier thickness observations
Authors: Welty Ethan , Zemp Michael , Navarro Francisco , Huss Matthias , Fürst Johannes J. , Gärtner-Roer Isabelle , Landmann Johannes , Machguth Horst , Naegeli Kathrin , Andreassen Liss M. , Farinotti Daniel , Li Huilin ,   the GlaThiDa Contributors
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Although worldwide inventories of glacier area have been coordinated internationally for several decades, a similar effort for glacier ice thicknesses was only initiated in 2013. Here, we present the third version of the Glacier Thickness Database (GlaThiDa v3), which includes 3 854 279 thickness measurements distributed over more than 3000 glaciers worldwide. Overall, 14 % of global glacier area is now within 1 km of a thickness measurement – a significant improvement over GlaThiDa v2, which covered only 6 % of global glacier area, and only 1100 glaciers. In this paper, we summarize the sources and compilation of glacier thickness data and the spatial and temporal coverage of the resulting database. In addition, we detail our use of open-source metadata formats and software tools to describe the data, validate the data against this description, and track changes to the data following modern data management best-practices. Archived versions GlaThiDa are available from the World Glacier Monitoring Service (https://doi.org/10.5904/wgms-glathida-2019-03; GlaThiDa Consortium (2019)) and the development version (v3.1.0-rc1, from which this manuscript draft is generated) is available on GitLab (https://gitlab.com/wgms/glathida/-/tree/v3.1.0-rc1).
Study on power split characteristics of planetary multistage face gear transmission device and its effect to drive efficiency under variable speed working condition
Authors: Chen Xingbin , Zhang Peng , Min Xinhe , Li Nini , Deng Zhanpeng
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The planetary gear system consists of several concentric single
stage face gears symmetrically meshing with multiple cylindrical gears that
as the core component of planetary multistage face gears transmission device
(PMFGTD), which is the key to realizing shifting and principle innovation
that able to flexibly extend the speed ratio region of single stage face
gear. The speed ratio distribution mechanism is directly related to the
feasibility of the design scheme. The stability, reliability and loading
capacity of each power split branch affect the performance of the whole
system directly. For the requirements of maximizing drive efficiency and
optimizing drive performance under different conditions, this study analyzes
the gear matching relationship and driving characteristics by using
numerical calculation method basing on the PMFGTD structural
characteristics, and calculates the corresponding transmission ratio value.
According to the torque equilibrium equation, the torque relation and power
ratio relation of each component are established, and then the power
distribution relation between system components is calculated. The flow
characteristics of system input power and each branch output power under the
condition with or without meshing power loss are analyzed. The influence
relationship model of power split coefficient on drive efficiency is
established to calculate the corresponding rules, thus the dynamic
characteristics of PMFGTD on power split under various working conditions
are proved by experiments. The result provides reference for the
transmission ratio distribution and structure design of planetary multistage
face gears transmission.
Brief communication: Hurricane Dorian: automated near-real-time mapping of the “unprecedented” flooding in the Bahamas using synthetic aperture radar
Authors: Cerrai Diego , Yang Qing , Shen Xinyi , Koukoula Marika , Anagnostou Emmanouil N.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. In this communication, we present application of the
automated near-real-time (NRT) system called RAdar-Produced Inundation Diary
(RAPID) to European Space Agency Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to produce flooding
maps for Hurricane Dorian in the northern Bahamas. RAPID maps, released 2 d after the event, show that coastal flooding in the Bahamas reached
areas located more than 10 km inland, covering more than 3000 km2 of
continental area. RAPID flood estimates from subsequent SAR images show the
recession of the flood across the islands and present high agreement scores
when compared to Copernicus Emergency Management Service (Copernicus EMS)
estimates.
INSPIRE standards as framework for artificial intelligence applications: a landslides example
Authors: Roberti Gioachino , McGregor Jacob , Lam Sharon , Bigelow David , Boyko Blake , Ahern Chris , Wang Victoria , Barnhart Bryan , Smyth Clinton , Poole David , Richard Stephen
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This study presents a landslide susceptibility map using an artificial intelligence (AI) approach that is based on standards set by the INSPIRE framework. We show how INSPIRE standards enhance the interoperability of geospatial data, and enable deeper knowledge development for their interpretation and explainability in AI applications. INSPIRE is a European Union Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) initiative to standardize spatial data across borders to ensure interoperability for management of cross-border infrastructure and environmental issues. Despite the theoretical effectiveness of the SDI, very few real-world applications make use of INSPIRE standards. We designed an ontology of landslides, embedded with INSPIRE vocabularies and then aligned geology, stream network and land cover data sets covering the Veneto region of Italy to the standards. INSPIRE was formally extended to include an extensive landslide type code list, a landslide size code list and the concept of landslide susceptibility to describe map application inputs and outputs. Using the terms in the ontology, we defined conceptual scientific models of slopes likely to generate landslides as well as map polygons representing real slopes. Both landslide models and map polygons were encoded as semantic networks and, by qualitative probabilistic comparison between the two, a similarity score was assigned. The score was then used as a proxy for landslide susceptibility and displayed in web map application. The use of INSPIRE-standardized vocabularies in ontologies that express scientific models promotes the adoption of the standards across the European Union and beyond. Further, this application facilitates the explainability of the generated results. We conclude that public and private organisations, within and outside the European Union, can enhance the value of their data by bringing them into INSPIRE-compliance for use in AI applications.
ICDP workshop on the Lake Tanganyika Scientific Drilling Project: a late Miocene–present record of climate, rifting, and ecosystem evolution from the world's oldest tropical lake
Authors: Russell James M. , Barker Philip , Cohen Andrew , Ivory Sarah , Kimirei Ishmael , Lane Christine , Leng Melanie , Maganza Neema , McGlue Michael , Msaky Emma , Noren Anders , Park Boush Lisa , Salzburger Walter , Scholz Christopher , Tiedemann Ralph , Nuru Shaidu ,   the Lake Tanganyika Scientific Drilling Project (TSDP) Consortium
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The Neogene and Quaternary are characterized by enormous changes in global
climate and environments, including global cooling and the establishment of
northern high-latitude glaciers. These changes reshaped global ecosystems,
including the emergence of tropical dry forests and savannahs that are found
in Africa today, which in turn may have influenced the evolution of humans
and their ancestors. However, despite decades of research we lack long,
continuous, well-resolved records of tropical climate, ecosystem changes,
and surface processes necessary to understand their interactions and
influences on evolutionary processes. Lake Tanganyika, Africa, contains the
most continuous, long continental climate record from the mid-Miocene
(∼10 Ma) to the present anywhere in the tropics and has long
been recognized as a top-priority site for scientific drilling. The lake is
surrounded by the Miombo woodlands, part of the largest dry tropical biome
on Earth. Lake Tanganyika also harbors incredibly diverse endemic biota
and an entirely unexplored deep microbial biosphere, and it provides textbook
examples of rift segmentation, fault behavior, and associated surface
processes. To evaluate the interdisciplinary scientific opportunities that
an ICDP drilling program at Lake Tanganyika could offer, more than 70
scientists representing 12 countries and a variety of scientific
disciplines met in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in June 2019. The team
developed key research objectives in basin evolution, source-to-sink
sedimentology, organismal evolution, geomicrobiology, paleoclimatology,
paleolimnology, terrestrial paleoecology, paleoanthropology, and
geochronology to be addressed through scientific drilling on Lake
Tanganyika. They also identified drilling targets and strategies, logistical
challenges, and education and capacity building programs to be carried out
through the project. Participants concluded that a drilling program at Lake
Tanganyika would produce the first continuous Miocene–present record from
the tropics, transforming our understanding of global environmental change,
the environmental context of human origins in Africa, and providing a
detailed window into the dynamics, tempo and mode of biological
diversification and adaptive radiations.
Towards the application of Stokes flow equations to structural restoration simulations
Authors: Schuh-Senlis Melchior , Thieulot Cedric , Cupillard Paul , Caumon Guillaume
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Structural restoration is commonly used to assess the deformation of geological structures and to reconstruct past basin geometries. To replace geometric criteria, linear elastic behavior and frictionless fault contact assumptions used in existing restoration approaches, we study the possibility of using a creeping flow behavior in geomechanical restoration. Indeed, salt rock in particular has been shown to behave as a Stokes viscous fluid over geological time scales, and faults appear in rocks reaching a plastic limit inside a shear zone. We have therefore developed a new approach for restoration based on considering geologic materials as highly viscous quasi-static fluids. The Stokes equations are solved for the velocity inside a model at each time step using only the material properties of the objects inside the model, their geometry and the current state of boundary conditions. The restoration is then achieved by advecting the material in the opposite direction of the forward velocity. Several benchmarks are presented to validate the results of the simulation code used to test the approach. This method is applied on simple two-dimensional geological cross-sections in confined conditions and shows that reasonable restored geometries can be obtained.
Snow albedo sensitivity to macroscopic surface roughness using a new ray-tracing model
Authors: Larue Fanny , Picard Ghislain , Arnaud Laurent , Ollivier Inès , Delcourt Clément , Lamare Maxim , Tuzet François , Revuelto Jesus , Dumont Marie
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Most models simulating snow albedo assume a flat and
smooth surface, neglecting surface roughness. However, the presence of
macroscopic roughness leads to a systematic decrease in albedo due to two
effects: (1) photons are trapped in concavities (multiple reflection effect)
and (2) when the sun is low, the roughness sides facing the sun experience
an overall decrease in the local incidence angle relative to a smooth
surface, promoting higher absorption, whilst the other sides have weak
contributions because of the increased incidence angle or because they are
shadowed (called the effective-angle effect here). This paper aims to
quantify the impact of surface roughness on albedo and to assess the
respective role of these two effects, with (1) observations over varying
amounts of surface roughness and (2) simulations using the new rough surface
ray-tracing (RSRT) model, based on a Monte Carlo method for photon transport
calculation. The observations include spectral albedo (400–1050 nm) over manually created
roughness surfaces with multiple geometrical characteristics. Measurements
highlight that even a low fraction of surface roughness features (7 % of
the surface) causes an albedo decrease of 0.02 at 1000 nm when the solar
zenith angle (θs) is larger than 50∘. For higher fractions (13 %, 27 % and 63 %), and when the roughness orientation is
perpendicular to the sun, the decrease is of 0.03–0.04 at 700 nm and of
0.06–0.10 at 1000 nm. The impact is 20 % lower when roughness
orientation is parallel to the sun. The observations are subsequently
compared to RSRT simulations. Accounting for surface roughness improves the
model observation agreement by a factor of 2 at 700 and 1000 nm (errors of
0.03 and 0.04, respectively) compared to simulations considering a flat
smooth surface. The model is used to explore the albedo sensitivity to
surface roughness with varying snow properties and illumination conditions.
Both multiple reflections and the effective-angle effect have a greater impact
with low specific surface area (SSA; <10 m2 kg−1). The effective-angle effect also
increases rapidly with θs at large θs. This latter effect is larger when the
overall slope of the surface is facing away from the sun and has a
roughness orientation perpendicular to the sun. For a snowpack where artificial surface roughness features were created, we
showed that a broadband albedo decrease of 0.05 may cause an increase in the
net shortwave radiation of 80 % (from 15 to 27 W m−2). This paper
highlights the necessity of considering surface roughness in the estimation of
the surface energy budget and opens the way for considering natural rough
surfaces in snow modelling.
Fotografia de cegos: olhar além da visão
Authors: Von der Weid Olivia
Published: May 2020

Inquietações a respeito do papel da imagem na sociedade atual e a observação de sua preponderância nas relações entre os indivíduos são o ponto de partida para uma reflexão sobre a relação de pessoas cegas com a fotografia. Como uma imagem gerada por um fotógrafo cego se insere no mundo imagético contemporâneo? Neste artigo analiso o catálogo da exposição “Sight Unseen”, que exibiu o trabalho de doze fotógrafos cegos. Procuro compreender como as imagens são apresentadas e os argumentos envolvidos na contextualização do trabalho artístico. Avalio de que forma as obras mobilizam as noções de visão e de olhar que permeiam o universo da imagem e que desestabilizações são levantadas em torno destes conceitos. Finalmente, reflito sobre o que as imagens geradas por fotógrafos cegos podem nos ensinar sobre a visualidade e a variabilidade das formas de ver.
Docuficción y responsabilidad social: la recreación de la violencia de género en TV
Authors: Palau Sampio Dolors , Carratalá Adolfo
Published: May 2020

El tratamiento de la violencia de género ha experimentado un notable cambio en los medios de comunicación españoles en las últimas dos décadas. Propiciada por la concienciación y la publicación de códigos éticos, esta evolución se caracteriza por abandonar el discurso que enmarcaba la violencia contra las mujeres en la crónica de sucesos para abordarla en su dimensión de problema social con causas estructurales. Sin embargo, los avances en la cobertura informativa contrastan con la aparición de formatos de docuficción, que combinan el testimonio de las víctimas y su entorno con reconstrucciones ficcionadas. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo indagar el tratamiento que ofrecen estos formatos, a partir del análisis del programa Amores que duelen, emitido por la cadena de televisión privada española Telecinco. El estudio cualitativo incluye una temporada de este, emitida entre enero y marzo de 2017, con ocho entregas. A partir del diseño de una ficha de estudio con indicadores específicos del género audiovisual y recursos de ficción o televisión tabloide, se han analizado tanto el discurso de las víctimas y su entorno como el contenido visual. Los resultados de la investigación evidencian la persistencia de estrategias de televisión tabloide en la explotación de la violencia, repetida y potenciada en las escenificaciones. Una apuesta alejada del servicio público que reenmarca este fenómeno en el relato de sucesos, pese a cumplir con algunos criterios deontológicos formales.
Sugarcane Production Based on Mineral and Organic Nitrogen Fertilizers for Ruminant Feeding
Authors: Siqueira Elane Tyara de Jesus , Rodrigues Rosane Claudia , Freitas José Roberto Brito , Alves André Da Silva , Silva Zinaldo Firmino da , Almeida Edmilson Igor Bernardo , Pereira Marcos Gervasio , Maranhão Deyvid Diego Carvalho , Shigaki Francirose
Published: May 2020

Sugarcane may be a potential feed source for ruminants in tropical and subtropical areas. An important factor that can influence the nutritional quality of sugarcane for animal feeding is nitrogen fertilization management, however, studies on this subject are still scarce. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources on the quality and productivity of sugarcane as a forage resource. The variety of sugarcane used was RB92579, with application of nitrogen (N) sources (urea, poultry litter, swine manure) and control (without N application). Stalk productivity and dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, Brix, NDF / Brix ratio, and in situ digestibility were analyzed during incubation periods of 6, 24, and 72 hours. At the end of the study, it was found that the N sources did not interfere with sugarcane stalk productivity (P> 0.05), with an average productivity of 102 t ha-1. The N treatments did not influence (P> 0.05) in the nutritional quality of sugarcane, when evaluating the contents of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, Brix and NDF / Brix ratio. The dry matter degradation had an effect (P <0.05) for the different N sources and incubation times, where poultry litter and swine manure treatments showed higher values for degradation at 72 hours of incubation. The different N organic sources did not interfere in the chemical composition and productivity of the sugarcane culture, however it presented better results in the in situ degradability of the dry matter. This, it can be recommended that mineral nitrogen fertilizers can be replaced by organic fertilizers.
Governamentalidade neoliberal, infâncias e educação: reflexões sobre a nova linguagem da aprendizagem
Authors: Schütz Jenerton Arlan , Schwengber Maria Simone Vione
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tematiza a arte da governamentalidade neoliberal e a relação intrínseca com o controle e regulação das populações infantis e seus efeitos no campo educacional. Nesse sentido, toma-se como ponto de partida a consideração de que o governo da infância adota por referência três condições: i) a questão do consumo-criança; ii) a questão da concorrência individual; iii) as intervenções educacionais cada vez mais precoces na infância e em sua educação escolarizada. Considera-se que estas condições adquirem uma linguagem específica no campo educacional, que denominamos de a nova linguagem da aprendizagem. Ademais, a nova linguagem da aprendizagem tem facilitado uma nova descrição do processo da educação escolar em termos de uma transação econômica, em que o aluno se torna um (potencial) consumidor, com necessidades e anseios que precisam ser satisfeitos – uma vez que passam a ser o centro do processo educativo. Nesse caso, o professor passa a ser apenas um provedor, um facilitador, um mediador, um orientador a serviço dos aprendentes (clientes). Esse modo de pensar engendra uma nova lógica que faz com que o próprio processo de educação se torne uma mercadoria, uma “coisa” que precisa ser fornecida ou entregue pelo professor e consumida pelo aprendente. Exatamente como exige a lógica neoliberal.
Avaliação da fadiga em profissionais de enfermagem do setor de urgência-emergência
Authors: Pereira Aline Oliveira Russi , Santos Sérgio Valverde Marques dos , Swerts Fabiana Cristina Taubert de Freitas , Xavier Joab Jefferson da Silva , Mendes Aida Maria de Oliveira Cruz , Robazzi Maria Lúcia do Carmo Cruz
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: avaliar a fadiga física e mental de profissionais de enfermagem que atuam no setor de urgência e emergência hospitalar. Método: Estudo transversal e quantitativo, realizado no setor de urgência e emergência de um hospital localizado em Minas Gerais, Brasil, em 2016, com 37 profissionais de enfermagem. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se um instrumento de avaliação sociodemográfica e laboral e para avaliar a fadiga física e mental a Escala de Fadiga de Chalder. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (73%), solteira (54,1%), com média de idade de 30,5 anos, sem hábitos de fumar e de praticar atividade física (62,2%). Com relação à categoria profissional, a maior parte era de enfermeiro I (43,2%), com tempo de atuação de até cinco anos na profissão e na instituição (40,57%; 59,4%) e de três anos no setor de urgência/ emergência (56,7%), com carga horária de 8h/dia (75,5%). Em relação à fadiga física, os trabalhadores relataram que às vezes se cansavam facilmente (32,4%), precisavam descansar mais (40,5%) e sentiam fraqueza (24,3%). Na fadiga mental, relataram que às vezes tiveram problemas de concentração (21,6%), dificuldade para pensar claramente (18,9%) e problemas de memória (10,8%). Na soma dos escores dos itens da fadiga, 35,1% apresentaram presença de fadiga (13), enquanto que 64,8% (24) não apresentaram presença de física ou mental. Conclusão: o ambiente laboral dos profissionais de enfermagem pode propiciar fadiga e, consequentemente, trazer consequências para sua saúde. Assim, torna-se importante a promoção da qualidade desse ambiente e da saúde de quem nele trabalha.
Reflexões sobre a produção e a divulgação do conhecimento científico da enfermagem
Authors: Marziale Maria Helena Palucci
Published: May 2020

Observa-se que a produção e a divulgação das pesquisas da Enfermagem produzidas no Brasil muito avançaram nas últimas décadas tanto na quantidade quanto na qualidade de seus produtos devido ao trabalho efetivo de instituições formadoras, em especial dos programas de pós-graduação, dos grupos de pesquisa e das instituições editoras dos periódicos científicos que, mediante movimentos colaborativos contribuíram para a profissionalização de equipes editoriais. Assim, merece destaque a atuação da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde - Enfermagem, da Coleção Revistas de Enfermagem – REVENF, do Fórum de Editores de Revistas da Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem e da Rede Iberoamericana de Editoração Científica em Enfermagem – REDEDIT. Porém, ainda há muito a fazer. Nesse editorial, abordamos aspectos da produção e da divulgação do conhecimento produzido pela enfermagem do Brasil e convidamos os leitores à reflexão sobre demandas da área.
Ansiedade e percepções de morte e morrer entre graduandos de enfermagem
Authors: Costa Suélen Aparecida , Back Ivi Ribeiro , Lino Iven Giovanna Trindade , Marquete Verônica Francisqueti , Miguel Maria Emília Grassi Busto , Marcon Sonia Silva
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Verificar o grau de ansiedade face à morte e as diferentes perspectivas do processo de morte e morrer entre graduandos do último ano de enfermagem. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado em cinco universidades do Noroeste do Paraná. Os dados foram coletados entre agosto e outubro de 2017, mediante questionário autoaplicável abordando questões sociodemográficas e as escalas de ansiedade e perspectivas da morte. Os dados foram analisados com auxílio da estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: A maioria (41,7%) dos 108 acadêmicos apontou discussão insuficiente desta temática em sala de aula. Foi observada correlação entre ansiedade e as seguintes perspectivas de morte: sentimentos de sofrimento e solidão (p=0,0275), abandono como sensação de culpa (p=0,0177) e assombro de fracasso (p=0,0262). Conclusão: A ansiedade e a religião estiveram associadas a sentimentos perante a morte que devem ser melhor abordados entre futuros enfermeiros.
Práticas de incentivo e apoio à amamentação de recém-nascidos prematuros na perspectiva da mãe
Authors: Gomes Ana Leticia Monteiro , Balaminut Talita , Magesti Bruna Nunes , Scochi Carmen Gracinda Silvan , Christoffel Marialda Moreira
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Analisar as práticas de incentivo e apoio à amamentação de recém-nascidos prematuros no âmbito hospitalar e logo após a alta hospitalar, na perspectiva da mãe. Métodos: Estudo descritivo realizado no ambulatório de follow-up de um Hospital Amigo da Criança do Município do Rio de Janeiro, nos meses de junho a outubro de 2015. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista, com um formulário estruturado, com 17 mães de 21 recém-nascidos prematuros, nas duas primeiras semanas após a alta hospitalar. Os dados foram organizados a partir do software Excel®, exportados para o programa estatístico R® e analisados utilizando estatística descritiva. Resultados: No âmbito hospitalar, 17,6% das mães realizaram o contato pele a pele na sala de parto, 94,1% realizaram ordenha mamária, 94,1% amamentaram diretamente no seio materno e 58,8% das mães participaram dos grupos de apoio durante o pré-natal e/ou durante a internação. Após a alta hospitalar, 93,7% das mães receberam ajuda do profissional de saúde para amamentar. Conclusão: É necessário o fortalecimento de ferramentas que sustentem as estratégias de apoio ao aleitamento materno para o início e manutenção da amamentação durante e após a internação hospitalar.
Associação do tabagismo com a tuberculose e seus desfechos negativos: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Sholze Alessandro Rolim , Campoy Laura Terenciani , Arcoverde Marcos Augusto Moraes , Alves Josilene Dália , Fuentealba-Torres Miguel , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências de associação entre a tuberculose e o tabagismo, bem como as complicações do tabaco para o paciente com tuberculose. Método: Trata-se de revisão sistemática da literatura, estruturada pelas etapas do PRISMA. Utilizou-se a estratégia PEO (population, exposure e outcome) para elaboração da pergunta norteadora: “O tabaco está associado a tuberculose?” e “Quais as complicações decorrentes do tabagismo no tratamento da tuberculose?”. Para a busca dos artigos, definiu-se um limite temporal de 1999 a 2019, sendo efetuada nas bases de dados PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Utilizaram-se os descritores “Tabaco”, “Consumo de tabaco”, “Tuberculose”, “Adulto”, isolados e/ou combinados. Foram incluídos artigos disponíveis na íntegra nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. O software State of the Art through Systematic Review foi utilizado para o gerenciamento do banco de dados. Resultados: Foram recuperados 227 artigos. Destes, 25 foram incluídos e examinados na íntegra, sendo que apenas 3 foram desenvolvidos a nível nacional. Os resultados apontaram que existe uma associação entre o tabagismo e o desenvolvimento da tuberculose. Entre as complicações no tratamento, encontram-se falha no tratamento, não adesão e abandono, sendo a mortalidade maior entre os pacientes que eram tabagistas. Também evidenciou que a cura da tuberculose estava associada ao paciente que nunca fumou. Conclusão: O conjunto de estudos revisados indica que, além do tabagismo apresentar forte associação com a tuberculose, o uso do tabaco aumenta as chances de desfechos desfavoráveis ao tratamento da tuberculose.
Predictors of Academic Self Efficacy: Intolerance of Uncertainty, Positive Beliefs about Worry and Academic Locus of Control
Authors: Uzun Kıvanç , Karataş Zeynep
Published: May 2020

Investigation of academic self-efficacy along with intolerance of uncertainty, positive beliefs about worry and academic locus of control is believed to make contributions to the understanding of its complex structure. This study is believed to be of great importance in terms of determining the building blocks to be considered by further research aiming to explain the academic self-efficacy of university students and strengthen their academic self-efficacy. The current study aimed to determine the extent to which the above-mentioned variables predict the academic self-efficacy of university students. The relational survey model was used to reveal the extent to which the above-mentioned variables predict academic self-efficacy. The study was conducted on a total of 717 university students (499 females and 218 males) attending Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University. The data of the current study were collected by using a personal information form developed by the researcher, the academic self-efficacy scale, the intolerance of uncertainty scale, the positive beliefs about worry scale and the academic locus of control scale. In the analysis of the data, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used and for this purpose, SPSS 15.0 program was utilized. At the end of the study, it was found that the university students’ academic self-efficacy is positively predicted by positive beliefs about worry and academic internal locus of control and negatively predicted by intolerance of uncertainty and academic external locus of control. The findings of the study were discussed in the light of the related studies previously done by the other researchers.
Giving Children a Voice in Court?
Authors: Bruning Mariëlle , Peper Jiska
Published: May 2020

Giving Children a Voice in Court?

In the last decade neuropsychological insights have gained influence with regard to age boundaries in legal procedures, however, in Dutch civil law no such influence can be distinguished. Recently, voices have been raised to improve children’s legal position in civil law: to reflect upon the minimum age limit of twelve years for children to be invited to be heard in court and the need for children to have a stronger procedural position.

In this article, first the current legal position of children in Dutch law and practice will be analysed. Second, development of psychological constructs relevant for family law will be discussed in relation to underlying brain developmental processes and contextual effects. These constructs encompass cognitive capacity, autonomy, stress responsiveness and (peer) pressure.

From the first part it becomes clear that in Dutch family law, there is a tortuous jungle of age limits, exceptions and limitations regarding children’s procedural rights. Until recently, the Dutch government has been reluctant to improve the child’s procedural position in family law. Over the last two years, however, there has been an inclination towards further reflecting on improvements to the child’s procedural rights, which, from a children’s rights perspective, is an important step forward. Relevant neuropsychological insights support improvements for a better realisation of the child’s right to be heard, such as hearing children younger than twelve years of age in civil court proceedings.
Hva kommuniseres i forfattermuseer?
Authors: Schimanski Johan , Spring Ulrike
Published: May 2020

Writers’ museums often privilege the biographical person of the author rather than their literary works. Here we present a model which can be used not only as a method of analysis, but also as as an inspiration that can help create productive tensions in the exhibition of biography and works in author museums. Our departure point is that the writer’s museum is a double act of communication, or more precisely a museal act of communication about a literary act of communication. Using Roman Jakobson’s model of the communicative act, we show how museums make visible or hide different parts of the communications network, as well as what complicates this network. We use examples from the Strindberg Museum in Stockholm throughout to make an abstract argument more concrete, referring to other museums and exhibitions to provide breadth where solutions and traditions are concerned.
Literature, Exhibitions and Communication: A Conversation
Authors: Gfrereis Heike , Neundlinger Helmut , Schimanski Johan , Spring Ulrike
Published: May 2020

Informed by her competence in literature and the theory and practice of exhibitions, Heike Gfrereis is Head of the Museum Department at the Archive of German Literature in Marbach, and curator of many literary exhibitions. Helmut Neundlinger, curator of the W. H. Auden Memorial Museum in Kirchstetten, is a writer, researcher and critic working at the Center for Museum Collections Management at the Danube University Krems and the literary collection of Lower Austria. The following “exchange of knowledge” between them and two researchers in the TRAUM– Transforming Author Museums project took place in Oslo in 2019. We discuss the desire to exhibit literature and not only biography, how one can free oneself from objects and how objects can create freedom, how to unlearn received notions of literature, the importance of interaction and play, what can make authors difficult to exhibit, and the economic realities of exhibiting literature.
Das Recht des Kindes auf Kenntnis der eigenen Abstammung und seine Einbettung in das Abstammungsrecht
Authors: Straub Christine Marlene
Published: May 2020

Das als Ausprägung des allgemeinen Persönlichkeitsrechts anerkannte Recht des Kindes auf Kenntnis der eigenen Abstammung gewinnt vor dem Hintergrund fortschreitender Reproduktionsmethoden und der Pluralisierung von Familienformen zunehmend an Bedeutung. Das geltende Abstammungsrecht bildet diese Entwicklung nicht zeitgemäß ab. Die Autorin arbeitet eigene Reformvorschläge für Auskunfts-, Informations- und Feststellungsansprüche des Kindes bezüglich seiner genetisch-biologischen Herkunft aus – unter Einbeziehung aktueller Vorschläge aus Wissenschaft, Gesetzgebung und Praxis. Dabei akzentuiert sie interdisziplinäre Schnittstellen und Verknüpfungen; so findet insbesondere die psychosoziale, die soziologische sowie die medizinisch-biologische Forschung Beachtung. Im Ergebnis präsentiert das Werk ein entwicklungsoffenes, nachhaltiges Regelungskonstrukt zur väterlichen und mütterlichen Abstammung.
Investitionsschutz im Mehrebenensystem
Authors: Blandfort Fabian
Published: May 2020

Die Schiedsklagen ausländischer Investoren gegen mehrere europäische Staaten führen zu einer wachsenden öffentlichen Kritik am internationalen Investitionsschutzrecht. Dieses ist jedoch nicht isoliert, sondern innerhalb des normativen Mehrebenensystems, auf seine Legitimität hin zu würdigen. Im Rahmen eines funktionalen Rechtsvergleichs legt die Untersuchung dar, dass das Schutzniveau auf Tatbestandsebene zwischen den unterschiedlichen Rechtsquellen, welche je den Staat in seiner Regulierungsfreiheit beschränken, als im Wesentlichen gleich zu bewerten ist. Das Haftungsrisiko der Bundesrepublik im Rahmen der Investor-Staat-Streitbeilegung kann daher als gering gelten, solange sie ihre verfassungs- und europarechtlichen Schranken beachtet.
Der Strafrechtsordinarius Friedrich Oetker
Authors: Buchner Jürgen
Published: May 2020

More than 70 years after the end of the National Socialist dictatorship, research into this darkest chapter in German history in the field of law has so far hardly been carried out. This is surprising in view of the historical awareness that can otherwise be observed especially with regard to the National Socialist era, especially since criminal law in the hands of the violent turned out to be a particularly suitable instrument of oppression. Based on the presentation of the biography and the teachings on selected criminal law areas of the then prominent criminal law scholar Friedrich Oetker compared to contemporary literature, a way to work through the example is followed. The work is supplemented by extensive source material, as well as a list of his publications and the doctoral theses he supervised.
Rationalisierung und säkulare Gesellschaft
Authors: Saalmann Gernot
Published: May 2020

This collection of articles and lectures discusses the contributions of some of the most outstanding figures in the field of research on religion, like Durkheim, Weber, Geertz and Bourdieu. A second focus is on the heated debates on religion as a concept, modernization, secularization and the effects of globalization on religion. While accepting many points of criticism the concepts are still found to be useful. The same applies to fundamentalism and political religion. To provincialize Europe reference is made to India throughout the texts.
Urbanismo crítico y de género: estudio de caso en Coia, Vigo
Authors: Pérez Costas Ruth , Ramos Martínez Iván Julio
Published: May 2020

El urbanismo de género plantea alternativas de vida cotidiana para la consecución de la igualdad real entre personas en el marco del devenir urbano. Este trabajo aplica estas teorías en un ámbito espacial concreto, criticando las políticas públicas en materia urbanística iniciadas hasta la fecha.

L'urbanisme de gènere planteja alternatives de vida quotidiana per a la consecució de la igualtat real entre persones en el marc de l'esdevenir urbà. Aquest treball aplica aquestes teories en un àmbit espacial concret, criticant les polítiques públiques en matèria urbanística iniciades fins a la data.

Gender urban planning proposes daily life alternatives to achieve real equality between people within the framework of urban development. This work applies these theories in a specific spatial field, criticizing the public policies in urban matters started to date.
Estética urbana: apropiación del territorio en el tiempo y espacio: memoria, arte y significados en el Gran La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Mariñelarena Patricia Inés María
Published: May 2020

El concepto de estética urbana no es una propiedad de los componentes de la ciudad. La ciudad es dinámica y cambiante, y la estética persiste en las transformaciones, articulando ideologías e imaginarios, diversidad e integridad, monumentalidad y ciudadanía. No es ajena a los atributos de la ciudad y sus espacios; a las cualidades del territorio y sus lugares; pero se constituye en valor, al momento en que la experiencia estética carga de significado esos atributos y esos espacios se convierten en el escenario de la vida ciudadana. El campo de aplicación para este trabajo es la ciudad de La Plata, en una estrecha relación con las ciudades preexistentes de Berisso y Ensenada. Interpretar el valor estético de los espacios del territorio platense, por su historia, sus atributos o sus significados, define el campo de observación y conduce la exploración de procedimientos de análisis, transferibles al estudio de otros casos urbanos.

The concept of ‘urban aesthetics’ is not a property of a city’s components. Cities are dynamic and changing, and its esthetic persists throughout transformations by articulating ideologies and imaginaries, diversity and integrity, monumentality and citizenship. Aesthetic is not exempt to a city’s attributes and spaces nor to the territory’s quality and places. Yet, aesthetic should be considered as value rather than as pure fact: being that aesthetic experience make those attributes meaningful turning the cities’ spaces into the citizen’s everyday life scenarios. The application field for this project is mainly La Plata City but Berisso and Ensenada will be considered in close relation. Interpreting the aesthetic value of the La Plata’s City territory taking into account its history, attributes and meanings, defines the object of study and leads into the exploration of analysis procedures which may be transferable to other urban cases studies.
Projeto Sanhaço: implantação do 1º Pomar Urbano do Município de Cachoeira, Bahia
Authors: Falcão e Silva Ana Cláudia , Santos Jacileda Cerqueira
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo é resultado de um Trabalho de Especialização nascido do desejo de implantar um projeto, cujo objetivo principal seria difundir a Educação Ambiental de forma prática em um ambiente fora dos muros da escola. Acredita-se que a consciência ecológica e o sentimento de pertencimento do/ao meio em que vive uma determinada comunidade, desperta-se através de práticas motivadas na busca de minimizar pequenos e médios problemas que cercam um dado grupo social. Escolheu-se como caso de estudo, o plantio de Pomares Urbanos no município de Cachoeira, Bahia-Brasil, com intuído de reflorestar as margens do Riacho Pitanga, que deságua no Rio Paraguaçu, conhecido por sua grande importância histórica, cultural e econômica na referida cidade. Para tanto, foi selecionada uma área piloto, no intento de que a experiência realizada por uma comunidade escolar, pudesse ser internalizada e replicada em outros espaços carentes de arborização ao longo das margens do Riacho Pitanga.

This article is the result of a Specialization Work born of the desire to implement a project whose main objective would be to disseminate Environmental Education in a practical way in an environment outside the school walls. It is believed that ecological awareness and the sense of belonging to the environment in which a particular community lives, is awakened through motivated practices in the search to minimize small and medium problems that surround a given social group. As a case study, the plantation of Urban Orchards in the municipality of Cachoeira, Bahia-Brazil, was chosen as a study, with the intention of reforesting the banks of the Pitanga affluent which flows into the Paraguaçu River, known for its great historical, cultural and economic importance. City. In order to do so, a pilot area was selected so that the experience carried out by a school community could be internalized and replicated in other areas lacking afforestation along the banks of the Pitanga Creek.
Urbanidade nos baixios de viadutos: possibilidades e transformações em áreas intersticiais
Authors: Camañes Guillén Maria Isabel
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tem a intenção de observar os espaços inferiores resultantes de implantações de vias urbanas, os baixios de viadutos, na cidade de São Paulo. Estes, tidos como desqualificados, são objetivo da investigação, com o objetivo de estabelecer a hipótese de que neles pode haver urbanidade. Neste sentido, buscamos articular conceitos ligados à relação entre forma urbana e urbanidade, verificando como se dão as estratégias de ocupação em quatro viadutos na cidade. O artigo busca inicialmente articular as noções de urbanidade e a situação dos viadutos na cidade de São Paulo, evidenciando a dimensão destes territórios na cidade. Em etapas seguintes são elencados caminhos possíveis para evidenciar a urbanidade nestes espaços e relacionar com os atributos de morfologia e forma urbana dos territórios a que pertencem. Nas conclusões,pode-se verificar algumas relações entre forma, morfologia e ocupação destes lugares, que podem estabelecer parâmetros para quantificar ou qualificar os níveis de urbanidade.

This article intends to observe the inferior spaces resulting from urban pathway deployments, the underpass viaducts, in the city of São Paulo. These, taken as disqualified, are the objective of the investigation, with the aim of establishing the hypothesis that there may be urbanity. In this sense, it seems to articulate concepts related to the relationship between urban form and urbanity. How are the strategies of occupation given in four viaducts in the city? The article initially looks for the notions of urbanity and the situation of the viaducts, evidencing the territories sizes in the city of São Paulo. In the following stages, it’s possible be listed to evidence of the urbanity in these spaces and relate to the attributes of morphology and urban form. In the conclusions, it can be verified some relationships between form, morphology and occupation with parameters to quantify or qualify the levels of urbanity.
La construcción del estigma sobre la gran escala: efectos del cambio de discurso en Toulouse Le Mirail
Authors: Fernández Salgado Carlos
Published: May 2020

Cuando Olivier Guichard, ministro francés del equipamiento y ordenación del territorio, sentenció en 1973 a través de la Circular que lleva su nombre a los grandes conjuntos de promoción pública de “torres y barras”, en la supuesta idea de ir hacia un modelo liberalizado mejor, ayudó también a crear una marca territorial en el imaginario colectivo asociado al paisajede losgrands ensembles. Una marca parecida a aquella con la que, inicialmente a través de signos corporales, se señalaba a colectividades repudiadas. La ponencia se apoya en el estudio de caso de uno de los grandes conjuntos de vivienda social referentes del último Movimiento Moderno -Toulouse Le Mirail- identificando los discursos estigmatizantes sucedidos desde su concepción como utopía interclase en los años 60 ́ hasta su actual consideración como morfología urbana depreciada. La degradación del polígono de vivienda social como forma de crecimiento urbano fallida resulta, en parte, un proceso inducido.

Olivier Guichard, French Minister of spatial planning, while condemning the large-scale public housing known as “tower-and-slab” in 1973, after publishing the “Guichard circular” –claiming the pursuit of a better liberal model– was also collaborating in the development of a territorial collective worldview brand identified with the grand ensembles urban landscape. A similar mark to that used to pinpoint repudiated communities, initially through body signals. The present communication is based on the case study of one of the main state-sponsored mass housingform the last Modern Movement –Toulouse Le Mirail– identifying the stigmatizing narratives since its inception as inter-class utopia in the 1960s, up until its actual understanding as deprecatedurban morphology. Large-scale public housing breakdown as a failed urban growth form proves itself, in a way, as an induced process.