bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-Optimal Robotic Arm Trajectory Planning for Coating Machinery Based on a Dynamic Adaptive PSO Algorithm
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Liu Shanhui , Song Mei , Ren Huiran , Ji Haiyang
Published: December 2024

To address the issues of low trajectory planning efficiency, high motion impact, and poor operational stability in robotic arms during the automatic loading and unloading of aluminum blocks in coating machinery, a time-optimal trajectory optimization method based on a dynamically adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. First, the loading and unloading process of aluminum block components is described, followed by a kinematic analysis of the robotic arm in joint space. Then, the “3-5-3” hybrid polynomial interpolation method is used to fit the robotic arm’s motion trajectory and simulate the analysis. Finally, with the robotic arm’s operation time as the objective function, the dynamically adaptive PSO algorithm is applied to optimize the trajectory constructed by hybrid polynomial interpolation, achieving time-optimal trajectory planning for aluminum block handling. The results demonstrate that the proposed method successfully reduces the trajectory planning times for condition 1 and condition 2 from 6 s to 3.59 s and 3.14 s, respectively, improving overall efficiency by 40.2% and 47.7%. This confirms the feasibility of the method and significantly enhances the efficiency of automated loading and unloading tasks for aluminum blocks in coating machinery. The proposed method is highly adaptable and well-suited for real-time trajectory optimization of robotic arms. It can also be broadly applied to other robotic systems and manufacturing processes, enhancing operational efficiency and stability.
A New Method for Evaluating Liquefaction by Energy-Based Pore Water Pressure Models
Authors: Zhang Jianlei , Cheng Qiangong , Fan Haozhen , Dai Mengjie , Li Yan , Wu Jiujiang , Wang Yufeng
Published: December 2024

Liquefaction-induced damage can be mitigated through remediation methods, contingent upon a thorough evaluation of liquefaction, which necessitates comprehensive investigation. This paper presents a novel energy-based pore pressure model for the assessment of liquefaction potential, utilizing cyclic triaxial numerical tests. In this model, the energy of the earthquake is quantified using the Arias intensity. The validity of the energy-based pore pressure model was corroborated by the results of cyclic triaxial tests. Based on the validated model, a new methodology that incorporates permeability and the shear stress reduction coefficient was proposed for the evaluation of liquefaction potential. This new approach was further validated through centrifuge tests and numerical simulations. The findings indicate that the proposed method can accurately predict the generation and accumulation of excess pore pressure, thereby demonstrating its efficacy in evaluating ground liquefaction potential.
Evaluation of Coal Repowering Option with Small Modular Reactor in South Korea
Authors: Joo Semin , Song Seok Ho , Oh Seokjun , Qvist Staffan , Lee Jeong Ik
Published: December 2024

The Paris Agreement emphasizes the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly from coal power. One suggested approach is repowering coal-fired power plants (CPPs) with small modular reactors (SMRs). South Korea plans to retire CPPs in the coming decades and requires alternative options for coal-fired energy. This study presents a scoping analysis comparing variable renewable energy (VRE) sources with SMRs for repowering CPPs in the Korean context. The analysis indicates that SMRs may be a more favorable option than VRE sources, particularly due to their load-following capabilities. In this study, two types of SMRs were investigated: high-temperature gas reactors (HTGRs) and pressurized water reactors (PWRs). HTGRs are suitable to fit the high-temperature operating conditions of steam turbines but require multiple units due to their low volumetric flow rates. PWRs, while matching the volumetric flow rate of existing CPP turbines, require additional thermal energy sources to meet the high-temperature operating conditions of steam turbines. Lastly, an analysis of necessary regulatory and legislative changes in South Korea’s nuclear framework is presented, identifying several key regulatory issues for repowering coal with nuclear energy.
Effects of Structure Parameters of Gravity-Type Heat Pipe on Heat Transfer Characteristics for Waste Heat Recovery from Mine Return Air
Authors: Zhai Yu , Ling Zhikun , Zhao Xu , Dong Zhifeng
Published: December 2024

In the condition of waste heat recovery from mine return air with a temperature of 20~30 °C and velocity about 4 to 8 m/s, the structure of gravity-type heat pipe with fin increases the heat exchange areas and meanwhile increases the resistance of air flow, which consumes a large amount of main fan power driven by a motor. Furthermore, the resistance of air flow increases greatly with the velocity of the air flow. In this paper, the gravity-type heat pipe with elliptical smooth surface is studied to decrease the resistance and loss of energy of the air flow. In order to obtain the influence of ellipticity on heat transfer efficiency and energy loss under the condition of a certain heat transfer area of the heat pipe, the heat transfer efficiency of a single pipe and a pipe bundle with different ellipticities is studied by using numerical simulation based on the equal section perimeter. The results show that the reasonable change of ellipticity can increase specific enthalpy and decrease entropy production. When the pipe is single, the ellipticity is 0.56 and the specific enthalpy is the largest, increasing by 12.08%. The ellipticity of the pipe bundle is 0.61, and the specific enthalpy is the largest, increasing by 19.28%. The entropy production slightly increased by 10.4%. Moreover, the empirical formula of single pipe heat transfer with an error less than 5% and the empirical formula of pipe bundle heat transfer with an error less than 2.2% are obtained. The empirical formula of pipe bundle heat transfer at different temperatures is modified, and the error is less than 5%, which provides the fundamental data for deep research, development, and engineering design of gravity-type heat pipe heat energy exchange system of underground return airflow in coal mines.
Distribution of Bird Communities and Habitat Corridor Composition Shaped by Environmental Factors in Urbanized Landscapes: A Case Study in Beijing, China
Authors: Tan Lingqian , Huang Ruiqi , Hao Peiyao , Huang Zhipeng , Wang Yinglin
Published: December 2024

Urban biodiversity is crucial for ecological security, balance, and important for fostering awareness on human-nature interconnectedness among the public. The diversity of birds, as an urban ecosystem indicator, reflects ecosystem services and is impacted by urban development. To explore the impacts of urbanization on bird diversity, stratified to songbirds, terrestrial birds, climbers, swimming birds, wading birds, and raptors, we specifically investigated the existing and potential distributions of selected bird species, analyzed different contributions of environmental factors, and compared these with urban biodiversity conservation policies. We used bird records from the China Birdwatching Record Center (over 1400 species of birds for querying) and remotely-sensed landcover data, based on the MaxEnt model, to analyze bird spatial distribution characteristics and potential habitat corridors throughout Beijing. The results showed that: (1) Songbirds and terrestrial birds were predominantly concentrated in water areas in urban areas. Wading birds, climbers, swimming birds, and raptors were gathered in forest-covered areas, near wetlands and farmland in suburban areas. Projections indicated that the raptor species Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus) showed a notable shift toward urban cores. (2) Among climbers, Gray-headed Pygmy Woodpecker (Dendrocopos canicapillus) occupied the highest proportion of high-quality habitats (10.34%), contrasting with the representative songbird species Blackbird (Turdus merula) at 1.38%, which demonstrated adaptability to urban environments. Critical habitats were concentrated in shrub forests, supporting habitat connectivity. Proximity to water bodies was critical for raptors, wading, swimming, and climbers, whereas terrestrial birds and songbirds were more affected by artificial lighting. (3) The “urban and suburban park rings” policy has effectively enhanced habitat quality and connectivity, promoting urban biodiversity resilience. This study improves our understanding of how different bird communities adapt to urbanization in terms of habitats and movement corridors, and provides useful information for formulating urban bird biodiversity conservation strategies.
Panax notoginseng Planted Under Coniferous Forest: Effects on Soil Health and the Soil Microbiome
Authors: Liu Yingpin , Wang Yan , Tian Guobing , Yang Shengchao , Chen Junwen , Zi Shuhui , Fan Wei , Ma Qiaoran , Liu Jiamin , Zhang Zhen , Zhao Wenjun , Zhao Ping , He Shuran
Published: December 2024

The agroforestry system provides a new option for P. notoginseng cultivation. However, the effects on soil health and microbial communities are still incomplete when monoculture coniferous forests are converted to P. notoginseng–pine plantations. To assess soil health, samples from five P. notoginseng–pine plantations were collected, including healthy plants and root-diseased plants, as well as plantation control soil. The samples were analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological aspects and soil microbial communities. Our results suggested that P. notoginseng planted under pine forest was more conducive to increased microbial biomass carbon, soil dissolved organic nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen, and soil enzyme activities compared with uncultivated control soil. A quantitative assessment of soil health demonstrated that the comprehensive soil quality index (SQI) of P. notoginseng-cultivated soil exhibited marked increases of 79.41% and 119.85% in comparison with the control soil. The observed alterations in soil characteristics could be attributed to variations in the soil microbiome. This implies that changes in SQI positively regulate bacterial and fungal abundance in P. notoginseng–pine agroforestry ecosystems mainly through biological properties. This comprehensive SQI assessment helps to guide the cultivation of P. notoginseng under forest and improve soil quality for P. notoginseng–pine agroforestry ecosystems.
The Social and Ecological Dimension of Ecosystem Service Enhancement in Post-Mining Forest Rehabilitation: Integrating Stakeholder Perspectives
Authors: Lee Bohwi , Joung Dawou , Kim Wonho , Ko Juin , Rhee Hakjun
Published: December 2024

Mining activities lead to significant environmental degradation, including soil erosion, water pollution, and biodiversity loss. In South Korea, abandoned coal mines cause considerable ecological disturbances in mountainous regions. Forest rehabilitation has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate these impacts, but its effectiveness depends on successfully integrating ecosystem services (ES). This study assesses the social value of ES in post-mining rehabilitation by incorporating perspectives from local communities and experts in forestry and mining sectors. A mixed-methods approach involving surveys and interviews was employed to gather stakeholder views on 18 ES, including provisioning, regulating, cultural, and habitat services. Results indicate that local communities prioritize cultural and regulating services, such as mental health, aesthetic value, and climate regulation, while experts emphasize regulating services like soil erosion control and carbon sequestration. This divergence highlights the need for a balanced approach that integrates both ecological and socio-cultural benefits, suggesting that community needs have not been adequately reflected in current practices. The study findings underscore the importance of incorporating community input into forest management to ensure both ecological outcomes and social value, offering a framework for adaptive management that aligns ecological goals with community needs, ultimately promoting sustainability and resilience in post-mining landscapes.
A Reassessment of Barron’s Classic Sand-Drain Theory Using a Coupled Hydraulic-Mechanical FEM Analysis
Authors: Nissanka Madeesh P. , Foriero Adolfo
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the findings presented by Barron (1948) have been corroborated by way of a hydraulic-mechanical coupled finite element analysis. Specifically, the FEM analysis was conducted using a poroelasticity approach in combination with a transient formulation that incorporates Darcy’s law. This study highlights the fact that variations in pore pressure dissipation between the coupled FEM analysis of this study and Barron’s theoretical analysis are minimal. The coupled FEM simulations confirm Barron’s conclusions that, as the well diameter ratio (n) increases, the rate of pore water pressure dissipation decreases. Ultimately, for design purposes, a stress field is also required and consequently, a coupled FEM analysis is necessary. On this basis, results indicate high shear stress concentrations near the upper and lower boundaries, while the mean effective stress decreases from the well bore boundary.
The Impact of Oxford Nanopore Technologies Based Methodologies on the Genome Sequencing and Assembly of Romanian Strains of Drosophila suzukii
Authors: Ratiu Attila Cristian , Ionascu Adrian , Constantin Nicoleta Denisa
Published: December 2024

Background: Drosophila suzukii is a worldwide invasive species with serious economic impacts. Herein, we are presenting the first project of sequencing and assembling the whole genomes of two lines of D. suzukii derived from Romanian local populations using exclusively Oxford Nanopore Technologies data. Methods: We implemented both MinION and Flongle flow-cells and tested the impact of various basecalling models and assembly strategies on the quality of the sought-after representative genome assemblies. Results: We demonstrate that the sup-basecalling model significantly improved the read quality and that adding a relatively small collection of reads had a significant positive impact over the assembly quality. The novel dScaff bioinformatics prototype tool allowed us to perform sequence-level quality tests, as well as to represent assembly selections and display both the contig redundancy and the repeats-enriched genomic sub-sequences. Moreover, we used dScaff to propose a minimal assembly variant corresponding to one of our lines, GB-ls-coga4, which assured a basic linear coverage of the genome and exhibited quality parameters comparable with those particular to the current reference genome assembly. Conclusions: The study presents the first sequencing and assembly of a D. suzukii line in Romania and argues the efficiency of long-read sequencing strategies.
Innovative Polymeric Biomaterials for Intraocular Lenses in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Wu Kevin Y. , Khammar Rebecca , Sheikh Hafsah , Marchand Michael
Published: December 2024

Intraocular lenses (IOLs) play a pivotal role in restoring vision following cataract surgery. The evolution of polymeric biomaterials has been central to addressing challenges such as biocompatibility, optical clarity, mechanical stability, and resistance to opacification. This review explores essential requirements for IOL biomaterials, emphasizing their ability to mitigate complications like posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and dysphotopsias while maintaining long-term durability and visual quality. Traditional polymeric materials, including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), silicone, and acrylic polymers, are critically analyzed alongside cutting-edge innovations such as hydrogels, shape memory polymers, and light-adjustable lenses (LALs). Advances in polymer engineering have enabled these materials to achieve enhanced flexibility, transparency, and biocompatibility, driving their adoption in modern IOL design. Functionalization strategies, including surface modifications and drug-eluting designs, highlight advancements in preventing inflammation, infection, and other complications. The incorporation of UV-blocking and blue-light-filtering agents is also examined for their potential in reducing retinal damage. Furthermore, emerging technologies like nanotechnology and smart polymer-based biomaterials offer promising avenues for personalized, biocompatible IOLs with enhanced performance. Clinical outcomes, including visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and patient satisfaction, are evaluated to provide an understanding of the current advancements and limitations in IOL development. We also discuss the current challenges and future directions, underscoring the need for cost-effective, innovative polymer-based solutions to optimize surgical outcomes and improve patients’ quality of life.
The Online Shopping Experience During the Pandemic and After—A Turning Point for Sustainable Fashion Business Management?
Authors: Demyen Suzana
Published: December 2024

The present paper studies the changes that occurred in the clothing trade during the COVID-19 pandemic and the influences exerted on business management. The pandemic sped up digitalization, pushing companies to quickly adapt to new economic conditions and marking a turning point for online commerce. In the fashion sector, where consumer behavior has shifted rapidly and digital technologies have transformed the business landscape, it is essential to examine these changes and their long-term impact. The research methodology involved an online questionnaire-based survey, targeting 153 respondents from various age groups. Descriptive statistics were used, such as the analysis of variation indicators, to explore patterns in the data and provide a clearer understanding of the phenomena studied. Additionally, a series of statistical tests were applied to validate the research questions. The aim was not to predict future behavior but to explain current trends and shifts, particularly the acceleration of digitalization during the pandemic. The findings highlight changes in customer behavior, the need for investments in technology and innovation, and the importance of adaptability, especially in marketing. There is a statistically significant relationship between income levels and spending on clothing, with higher incomes leading to increased expenditure. The pandemic amplified the role of online channels, particularly among higher-income groups. Promotional campaigns significantly impact purchase decisions, especially for lower-income consumers, serving as both purchase drivers and tools for customer retention. The shift toward online shopping, accelerated by the pandemic, highlights substantial growth potential for e-commerce in the fashion sector. Consumers favor platforms offering convenience, product diversity, and personalized experiences. A moderate interest in sustainable fashion was observed, with preferences leaning toward affordable and durable materials, underscoring the need for transparent and eco-friendly business practices.
Adapting Business Models in the Age of Omnichannel Transformation: Evidence from the Small Retail Businesses in Australia
Authors: Baldivia Michael , Chowdhury Soumitra
Published: December 2024

Due to the advent of digitalization, the retail business has seen major changes in recent decades, including e-commerce and multichannel retailing. Customers have witnessed the development of new and digitized channels, as well as solutions such as digital marketplaces, social media touchpoints, and augmented reality applications. During the COVID-19 pandemic, as most of the physical brick-and-mortar retailers were forced to close, more consumers turned to digital channels such as apps, websites, social media platforms, etc. Small retail businesses, which account for a sizable share of the retail industry, have also faced challenge of seamless retailing in the era of digitization. This concept of seamless retailing is called omnichannel retailing, and it aims to integrate all the retail channels and touchpoints. The goal for small retailers is to make the transformation to omnichannel. The purpose of this study is to investigate how small retail businesses are changing their business models in the age of omnichannel transformation. Through a qualitative study of small retailers, this research provides empirical insights on business model changes and adaptive skills. The findings show that small businesses can implement complex changes in their business models through adaptive behaviors. This study also identifies areas in their business models and adaptive capabilities that require additional consideration and improvement to support the ongoing omnichannel transformation.
Leveraging Online Omnichannel Commerce to Enhance Consumer Engagement in the Digital Transformation Era
Authors: Asante Isaac Owusu , Jiang Yushi , Luo Xiao
Published: December 2024

This study investigates what drives consumer engagement in online-only omnichannel commerce, a topic often overlooked in favor of online-offline channel integration. Using both Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), it examines the role of key factors like information needs, shopping convenience, shopping innovation, channel integration quality, and integrated channel usability. The findings reveal that while each factor contributes to engagement, a combination of these elements is essential for achieving optimal results. This research advances understanding by applying a service-dominant logic framework to purely digital omnichannel contexts, offering practical insights for businesses aiming to enhance consumer engagement in online environments.
Preparation and Hydrogen Production Application of Core–Shell Heterojunction Photocatalyst (PbS/ZnO)@CuS
Authors: Chiu Ming-Huan , Yang Wein-Duo
Published: December 2024

This study employed a hydrothermal method to coat CuS onto PbS quantum dots loaded with ZnO, resulting in a core–shell-structured (PbS/ZnO)@CuS hetero-structured photocatalyst. The sulfide coating enhanced the photocatalyst’s absorption in the near-infrared to visible light range and effectively reduced electron–hole (h+) pair recombination during photocatalytic processes. Electron microscopy analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of this core–shell structure using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP); however, the spatial hindrance effect of PVP led to a disordered arrangement of the CuS lattice, facilitating electron–hole recombination. Comprehensive analyses using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) methods revealed that the (PbS/ZnO)@CuS photocatalyst synthesized at a hydrothermal temperature of 170 °C exhibited optimal hydrogen production efficiency. After conducting a photocatalytic reaction for 5 h in a mixed aqueous solution containing 0.25 M Na2S + Na2SO3 as a sacrificial agent, a hydrogen production rate of 3473 μmol·g−1·h−1 was achieved.
Existence of Bounded Solutions for a Class of Degenerate Fourth-Order Elliptic Equations with Convection Terms
Authors: D’Asero Salvatore
Published: December 2024

This paper deals with the existence of bounded and locally Hölder continuous weak solutions of the following nonlinear fourth-order Dirichlet problem: ∑|α|=1,2(−1)|α|DαAα(x,u,D1u,D2u)−Eα(x) |u|λ(pα−1) signu=f in Ω, where the coefficients Aα satisfy a strengthened degenerate coercivity condition.
The Optimization of UAV-Assisted Downlink Transmission Based on RSMA
Authors: Huang Lin , Qu Daiming , Zhou Jianguo , Zhang Jialin
Published: December 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) provide exceptional flexibility, making them ideal for mitigating communication disruptions in disaster-affected or high-demand areas. When functioning as communication base stations, UAVs can adopt either orthogonal or non-orthogonal multiple access schemes. However, traditional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) techniques are constrained by limited user access capacity and system throughput, necessitating the study of non-orthogonal access mechanisms for UAV-assisted communication systems. While much of the research on non-orthogonal multiple access focuses on Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA), a novel non-orthogonal technique, offers superior throughput performance compared to NOMA. This paper, therefore, investigates the optimization of UAV-assisted downlink communication systems based on RSMA. We first develop a mathematical model of the system and decompose the primary optimization problem into multiple subproblems according to parameter types. To solve these subproblems, we propose an optimization algorithm that combines the Augmented Lagrange Method (ALM) with the Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA). The optimization algorithm is further enhanced by incorporating dynamic step size and visual strategies, as well as memory behaviors to improve convergence speed and optimization accuracy. To address linear equality constraints, we introduce a correction factor to modify the behavior of the artificial fish. The final optimization is achieved through cross-iterative solutions. Simulation results show that the system throughput under the RSMA strategy can be improved by 13.30% compared with NOMA, validating the effectiveness and superiority of RSMA in UAV-assisted communication systems.
Light Spectral-Ranged Specific Metabolisms of Plant Pigments
Authors: Nguyen The Ngoc Phuong , Sung Jwakyung
Published: December 2024

Chlorophyll is the primary pigment responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis, while carotenoids assist in light absorption and provide photoprotection by dissipating excess energy. Both pigments are essential for plant growth and development, playing distinct and complementary roles in maintaining photosynthetic efficiency and protecting plants from oxidative stress. Because of their function in photosynthesis and photoprotection, chlorophyll and carotenoid accumulation are strongly associated with light conditions, especially blue and red lights, which play key roles in regulating their metabolisms. Despite advancements in understanding pigment metabolism, there remains a limited comprehensive overview of how various parts of the light spectrum influence these pathways throughout the entire process. The effects of other spectral ranges of light, such as green light, far-red light, and UV, are not yet fully understood. This review aims to synthesize recent findings about the regulatory network of chlorophyll and carotenoid pathways under different light spectral bands, emphasizing the interplay between light-regulated transcription factors and genes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation.
Real-Time Monitoring Method and Circuit Based on Built-In Reliability Prediction
Authors: Ren Wenke , Chen Yanning , Li Xiaoming , Zhou Xinjie , Song Baichen , Chang Tianci
Published: December 2024

The failure of different chips under working conditions is influenced by various stress states such as different voltages, temperatures, stress durations, and stress variations. Therefore, the failure time has a great degree of dispersion, and similar chips may exhibit different failure mechanisms due to variations in their working environments. This paper proposes three system-on-chip reliability failure prediction unit circuits: the time-dependent dielectric breakdown prediction circuit, the negative bias temperature instability prediction circuit, and the hot carrier injection prediction circuit. These circuits are embedded within the main chip, enabling real-time failure prediction and reliability mechanism diagnosis in the same working environment as the main chip. The three reliability failure prediction circuits are compact and energy efficient, allowing for their integration into a system on a chip as IP cores that provide early warning signals before system-on-chip failure. Compared to traditional reliability prediction methods, this approach offers the advantages of accurately identifying failure mechanisms, predicting failure times, and enabling real-time online monitoring.
Rapid Fluid Velocity Field Prediction in Microfluidic Mixers via Nine Grid Network Model
Authors: Li Qian , Chen Yuwei , Sun Taotao , Wang Junchao
Published: December 2024

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence is transforming the computer-aided design of microfluidic chips. As a key component, microfluidic mixers are widely used in bioengineering, chemical experiments, and medical diagnostics due to their efficient mixing capabilities. Traditionally, the simulation of these mixers relies on the finite element method (FEM), which, although effective, presents challenges due to its computational complexity and time-consuming nature. To address this, we propose a nine-grid network (NGN) model theory with a centrally symmetric structure.The NGN uses a symmetric structure similar to a 3 × 3 grid to partition the fluid space to be predicted. Using this theory, we developed and trained an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the fluid dynamics within microfluidic mixers. This approach significantly reduces the time required for fluid evaluation. In this study, we designed a prototype microfluidic mixer and validated the reliability of our method by comparing it with predictions from traditional FEM software. The results show that our NGN model completes fluid predictions in just 40 s compared to approximately 10 min with FEM, with acceptable error margins. This technology achieves a 15-fold acceleration, greatly reducing the time and cost of microfluidic chip design.
A Review of Optical Interferometry for High-Precision Length Measurement
Authors: Huang Guangyao , Cui Can , Lei Xiaoyang , Li Qixue , Yan Shuhua , Li Xinghui , Wang Guochao
Published: December 2024

Optical interferometry has emerged as a cornerstone technology for high-precision length measurement, offering unparalleled accuracy in various scientific and industrial applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in optical interferometry, with a focus on grating and laser interferometries. For grating interferometry, systems configurations ranging from single-degree- to multi-degree-of-freedom are introduced. For laser interferometry, different measurement methods are presented and compared according to their respective characteristics, including homodyne, heterodyne, white light interferometry, etc. With the rise of the optical frequency comb, its unique spectral properties have greatly expanded the length measurement capabilities of laser interferometry, achieving an unprecedented leap in both measurement range and accuracy. With regard to discussion on enhancement of measurement precision, special attention is given to periodic nonlinear errors and phase demodulation methods. This review offers insights into current challenges and potential future directions for improving interferometric measurement systems, and also emphasizes the role of innovative technologies in advancing precision metrology technology.
A New Yield Surface for Cemented Paste Backfill Based on the Modified Structured Cam-Clay
Authors: Safari Amin , Taheri Abbas , Karakus Murat
Published: December 2024

Cemented paste backfill (CPB) is a cemented void filling method gaining popularity over traditional hydraulic or rockfill methods. As mining depth increases, CPB-filled stopes are subjected to higher confining pressures. Due to the soil triaxial apparatus limitations, as the conventional method of triaxial testing on CPB, no confining pressures higher than 5 MPa can be applied to CPB over a range of curing time. This lack of data introduces uncertainty in predicting CPB behavior, potentially leading to an overestimation of the required strength. To address this, this study introduces a new testing method that allows for higher confinement beyond traditional limitations by modifying the Hoek triaxial cell to accommodate low-strength materials. This study then investigates the coupled influence of confining pressure and curing time (hydration) on CPB characteristics, specifically examining the impacts of different curing times and confining pressures on the mechanical and rheological properties of CPB. A total of 75 triaxial tests were conducted using 42 mm cylinder shape samples at five various curing times from 7 to 96 days, and applied at low and high confinement condition levels (0.5 to 30 MPa). The results reveal that hydration and confinement positively impact the CPB strength. The modified structured Cam-Clay model was selected to predict the behavior, and its yield surface was updated using the experimental results. The proposed yield model can be utilized to describe CPB material subjected to various curing and pressure conditions underground.
Genesis of the Xiangshan Uranium Ore Field: Implications from Tescan Integrated Mineral Analyzer and Micro-X-Ray Fluorescence Mapping and Thermodynamic Modeling
Authors: Yu Xiang , Su Xuebin , Wang Zhe , Hou Zongyu , Li Boping , Deng Teng , Yan Zhaobin
Published: December 2024

Hydrothermal alteration provides critical information for both the exploration and scientific research of hydrothermal uranium deposits. The Xiangshan uranium ore field, the largest volcanic-hosted uranium deposit in China, is characterized by different alterations, including hematitization, illitization, sericitization, chloritization, carbonation and silicification. However, the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal alterations and their relationships with uranium mineralization remain unclear. In this study, we conducted detailed petrography, TIMA mapping, μ-XRF analyses, mass balance calculations and thermodynamic modeling on the hematitized and illitized porphyritic lava from the Zoujiashan deposit in the Xiangshan ore field. During hematitization, hematite and albite are produced, while quartz, K-feldspar, chlorite, sericite and biotite are consumed, consistent with the increase in Na2O, Al2O3, Fe2O3-T, U, As, Pb, Cu, Sc, V, Zr, Y, Hf and Th and the loss of K2O, MgO, Li, Zn, Ni and Ba. The production of hydrothermal hematite, illite and sericite indicates that the ore fluids are acidic and oxidized. Such physiochemical conditions are favorable for uranium transport as UO2Cl2(aq), UO2SO4(aq) and UO2OH+. Geological processes such as fluid–rock interactions, fluid mixing and fluid boiling could cause fO2(g) decrease, pH increase and temperature decrease and therefore result in the decrease in uranium solubility and mineralization.
Photoelectrochemical-Type Photodetectors Based on Ball Milling InSe for Underwater Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Xu Yi , Zhou Junxin , Tian Dongyue , Fu Zhendong , Huang Yuewu , Feng Wei
Published: December 2024

In this paper, InSe nanosheets were synthesized by a ball milling method, and photoelectrochemical-type photodetectors (PEC PDs) based on the ball milling InSe (M-InSe) were fabricated using simulated seawater as the electrolyte. M-InSe nanosheets show good absorption in the visible region of 450–600 nm. The M-InSe PEC PDs display a good self-powered photoresponse under 525 nm irradiation, including a high responsivity of 0.8 mA/W, fast response time of 28/300 ms, and good stability. Furthermore, the InSe PEC PDs successfully demonstrated prototype application in wireless underwater optical communication and optical imaging. These results demonstrate that M-InSe holds good application prospects in underwater optoelectronic devices.
The Link Between Dysbiosis, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Asthma—The Role of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Antioxidants
Authors: Kleniewska Paulina , Pawliczak Rafał
Published: December 2024

Background: Asthma (a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways) is characterized by a variable course, response to treatment, and prognosis. Its incidence has increased significantly in recent decades. Unfortunately, modern lifestyle and environmental factors contribute to the further increase in the incidence of this disease. Progressive industrialization and urbanization, widespread use of antibiotic therapy, excessive sterility and inappropriate, highly processed diets are some of the many risk factors that are relevant today. Over the years, a lot of evidence has been gathered showing the influence of microorganisms of the gut or airways on human health. Studies published in recent years indicate that dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) and oxidative stress (pro-oxidant–antioxidant imbalance) are important elements of the pathogenesis of this inflammatory disease. Scientists have attempted to counteract the effects of this process by using probiotics, prebiotics, and antioxidants. The use of probiotic microorganisms positively modulates the immune system by maintaining homeostasis between individual fractions of immune system cells. Moreover, recently conducted experiments have shown that probiotics have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and protective properties in oxidative stress (OS). The aim of this study is to present the current state of knowledge on the role of dysbiosis and OS in the pathogenesis of asthma. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of using probiotics, prebiotics, and antioxidants as potential strategies to support the treatment and prevention of this disease.
Glucose-Lowering Agents Developed in the Last Two Decades and Their Perioperative Implications
Authors: Goudra Basavana , Merli Geno J. , Green Michael
Published: December 2024

The last two decades have provided far more options f both patients and their physicians in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. While dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been approved for nearly two decades, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) are relatively new. Of interest to perioperative physicians, these drugs present specific perioperative concerns, prompting many societies to issue guidelines. Retained gastric contents due to slow gastric emptying is a significant drawback of GLP-1RAs, increasing the risk of aspiration. Recommendations include withholding GLP-1RAs for a predefined period of time, performing gastric ultrasound to evaluate gastric contents, modifying anesthesia management, particularly with regard to the airway, or canceling the scheduled (elective) surgery or procedure. SGLT-2is are known to increase the risk of euglycemic ketoacidosis. The benefits of both GLP-1RAs and SGLT-2is extend beyond the treatment of diabetes. As a result, perioperative physicians may encounter their use outside of their traditional indications. SGLT-2is are being used extensively to treat heart failure and obesity, for example. There have been other developments as well. For instance, Imeglimin, a variant of metformin available in Japan and India, Icodec, a once-weekly basal insulin formulation, and IcoSema, a once-weekly combination of Icodec plus semaglutide, are all being explored, although in their early stages or facing approval challenges.
Natural Product Identification and Molecular Docking Studies of Leishmania Major Pteridine Reductase Inhibitors
Authors: Arthur Moses N. , Hanson George , Broni Emmanuel , Sakyi Patrick O. , Mensah-Brown Henrietta , Miller Whelton A. , Kwofie Samuel K.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Pteridine reductase 1 (PTR1) has been one of the prime targets for discovering novel antileishmanial therapeutics in the fight against Leishmaniasis. This enzyme catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of pterins to their tetrahydro forms. While chemotherapy remains the primary treatment, its effectiveness is constrained by drug resistance, unfavorable side effects, and substantial associated costs. Methods: This study addresses the urgent need for novel, cost-effective drugs by employing in silico techniques to identify potential lead compounds targeting the PTR1 enzyme. A library of 1463 natural compounds from AfroDb and NANPDB, prefiltered based on Lipinski’s rules, was used to screen against the LmPTR1 target. The X-ray structure of LmPTR1 complexed with NADP and dihydrobiopterin (Protein Data Bank ID: 1E92) was identified to contain the critical residues Arg17, Leu18, Ser111, Phe113, Pro224, Gly225, Ser227, Leu229, and Val230 including the triad of residues Asp181-Tyr194-Lys198, which are critical for the catalytic process involving the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate. Results: The docking yielded 155 compounds meeting the stringent criteria of −8.9 kcal/mol instead of the widely used −7.0 kcal/mol. These compounds demonstrated binding affinities comparable to the known inhibitors; methotrexate (−9.5 kcal/mol), jatrorrhizine (−9.0 kcal/mol), pyrimethamine (−7.3 kcal/mol), hardwickiic acid (−8.1 kcal/mol), and columbamine (−8.6 kcal/mol). Protein–ligand interactions and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed favorable hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding with critical residues, such as Lys198, Arg17, Ser111, Tyr194, Asp181, and Gly225. Crucial to the drug development, the compounds were physiochemically and pharmacologically profiled, narrowing the selection to eight compounds, excluding those with potential toxicities. The five selected compounds ZINC000095486253, ZINC000095486221, ZINC000095486249, 8alpha-hydroxy-13-epi-pimar-16-en-6,18-olide, and pachycladin D were predicted to be antiprotozoal (Leishmania) with Pa values of 0.642, 0.297, 0.543, 0.431, and 0.350, respectively. Conclusions: This study identified five lead compounds that showed substantial binding affinity against LmPTR1 as well as critical residue interactions. A 100 ns MD combined with molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) calculations confirmed the robust binding interactions and provided insights into the dynamics and stability of the protein–ligand complexes.
Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats: Gastroprotectivity of Muscari neglectum in Water
Authors: Soydan Menekse , Arabaci Gulnur , Utlu Necati , Halici Mesut Bünyami , Aktas Senocak Esra , Kiliçlioglu Metin
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: The plant Muscari Mill. is employed in both raw and cooked forms for the treatment of gastric diseases, as an expectorant, and for the treatment of warts and the enhancement of urine. A review of the scientific literature revealed no studies investigating the effect of Muscari neglectum (MN) water extract on gastric diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a water extract of the MN plant on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats, using a series of biochemical (SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA levels) and histopathological parameters. Methods: 60 male Sprague Dawley rats were utilized for the purposes of evaluating the acute toxicity and gastric ulcer models, with a total of 36 rats employed for these experiments (n = 6). The rats were divided into six groups: intact; indomethacin; famotidine; indomethacin and MN (100, 200, 400 mg/kg). Results: The Gastric tissue examinations at biochemical, macroscopic and pathological levels showed that MN extracts effectively prevented indo-methacin-induced gastric mucosal damage. The 400 mg/kg dose exhibited the most effective antiulcer effect, with a 69% protective efficacy. This dose caused an increase in the SOD, CAT and GSH levels and a decrease in the MDA levels compared to the IND group. Furthermore, an LC-MS/MS analysis was conducted on the water extract of MN, resulting in the identification of 14 phenolic compounds. Conclusions: Biochemical analyses and histopathological examinations demonstrated that the water extract of MN exhibited a beneficial protective effect against gastric ulceration due to its high antioxidant content.
Inhibition of Aβ Aggregation by Cholesterol-End-Modified PEG Vesicles and Micelles
Authors: Watanabe Shota , Ueda Motoki , Asayama Shoichiro
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to design and evaluate Chol-PEG2000 micelles and Chol-PEG500 vesicles as drug delivery system (DDS) carriers and inhibitors of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, a key factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: The physical properties of Chol-PEG assemblies were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Inhibitory effects on Aβ aggregation were assessed via thioflavin T (ThT) assay, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (native-PAGE). Results: Chol-PEG2000 micelles and Chol-PEG500 vesicles were found to exhibit diameters of 20–30 nm and 70–80 nm, respectively, with neutral surface charges and those physical properties indicated the high affinity for Aβ. At a 10-fold molar ratio, thioflavin T (ThT) assay revealed that Chol-PEG2000 delayed Aβ fibril elongation by 20 hours, while Chol-PEG500 delayed it by 40 hours against Aβ peptide. At a 50-fold molar ratio, both Chol-PEG2000 and Chol-PEG500 significantly inhibited Aβ aggregation, as indicated by minimal fluorescence intensity increases over 48 hours. CD spectroscopy indicated that Aβ maintained its random coil structure in the presence of Chol-PEG assemblies at a 50-fold molar ratio. Native-PAGE analysis demonstrated a retardation in Aβ migration immediately after mixing with Chol-PEG assemblies, suggesting complex formation. However, this retardation disappeared within 5 min, implying rapid dissociation of the complexes. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that Chol-PEG500 vesicles more effectively inhibit Aβ aggregation than Chol-PEG2000 micelles. Chol-PEG assemblies perform as DDS carriers to be capable of inhibiting Aβ aggregation. Chol-PEG assemblies can deliver additional therapeutics targeting other aspects of AD pathology. This dual-function platform shows promise as both a DDS carrier and a therapeutic agent, potentially contributing to a fundamental cure for AD.
Development and Optimization of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Encapsulating Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Formulation Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Mohd Zaffarin Anis Syauqina , Ng Shiow-Fern , Ng Min Hwei , Hassan Haniza , Alias Ekram
Published: December 2024

Background/Objective: The tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) is a lipid-soluble vitamin that has good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The TRF is widely studied as a potential treatment for various diseases, including bone diseases. However, its application is limited due to its poor oral bioavailability profile, warranting an innovative approach to overcome its pharmacokinetic limitations. Recently, the nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) has been investigated as a drug delivery vehicle for various drugs and active compounds owing to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and osteogenic properties. The nHA is also a well-known biomaterial which has chemical and structural similarities to bone minerals. Hence, we aim to explore the use of the nHA as a potential nanocarrier for the TRF. Methods: In this study, we develop and optimize the formulation of an nHA-encapsulating TRF (nHA/TRF) by employing the response surface methodology (RSM). Results: RSM outcomes reveal that the mass of the nHA, the concentration of the TRF, and the incubation time have a significant effect on the particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of the nHA/TRF. The outcomes for the optimized formulation are not significantly different from the predicted RSM outcomes. The optimized nHA/TRF formulation is freeze-dried and results in an average particle size of ~270 nm, a negative zeta potential value of ~−20 mV, a polydispersity index of <0.4, and an encapsulation efficiency of ~18.1%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the freeze-dried nHA/TRF has a spherical structure. Conclusions: Taken together, the above findings indicate that the nHA may be established as a nanocarrier for efficient delivery of the TRF, as demonstrated by the promising physical properties.