bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF AN “OFFICIAL” IN THE DOMESTIC LAW: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Morozov Viktor I. , Losev Sergey G. , CHUKREEV ANDREY A.
Published: April 2022

Defining the concept and features of a “public official” and of a “person performing managerial functions in a commercial or other organization” in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, first of all, is important to distinguishing those offenders who will be held criminally responsible in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 23 or Chapter 30 of the Criminal Code. It is obvious that by expanding or limiting the features of a public official or a person performing managerial functions in a commercial or other organization, it is possible to influence criminal statistics. There is an extensive literature on this topic, but this paper is devoted to the issue of correlation between the scope of the two concepts under consideration, which has repeatedly changed in the history of the post-Soviet development of criminal legislation of Russia.
The purpose of this work is to compare the concepts of a “public official” and of a “person performing managerial functions in a commercial or other organization” in the domestic criminal law; to reveal the way how the content of the concept of an “official” evolved in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; to formulate proposals for the most optimal legal regulation of criminal liability for nonperformance or improper performance of duties by persons governing commercial organizations.
The object of the study is public relations arising during the criminal-legal regulation of responsibility for improper performance or non-performance of duties by officials.
The subject of the research is current Russian as well as null and void Soviet criminal legislation regulating responsibility of an official or a person performing managerial functions.
While writing this paper the authors used historical and formal-legal methods, through which the evolution of the concept of an “official” in the Soviet and post-Soviet period was investigated.
Based on the results of the research, the authors propose changes to the existing criminal legislation, the essence of which is the clear distinction of features of an official and a person performing managerial functions in commercial organizations.
ALGORITHM FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF METHANE HYDRATE DECOMPOSITION IN A CLOSED HYDRATE-CONTAINING REGION OF A POROUS MEDIUM
Authors: MUSAKAEV Nail G. , BORODIN Stanislav L. , BELSKIKH Denis S.
Published: April 2022

Russia has a law on limiting greenhouse gas emissions, signed by the President of the Russian Federation in July 2021. The list of greenhouse gasses includes methane, and its reserves in the form of gas hydrates largely prevail over the reserves of free methane. The formation of gas hydrates occurs at sufficiently low temperatures and high pressures. A significant part of the “sleeping giants”, as journalists dubbed the methane-containing deposits, are in the Arctic region, and they are very sensitive to warming. The release of this greenhouse potential would have very negative consequences for the Earth’s climate. Thus, it is necessary to study the process of gas hydrate decomposition under thermal impact on a hydrate-containing porous medium. It is worth noting the importance of theoretical research to solve this problem, which includes the construction of a mathematical model of the process under study, algorithmization, software implementation and computational experiments.
The paper presents a two-dimensional approximation of the formulated problem of heating at the upper boundary of the porous medium’s closed region containing methane and its hydrate initially. A mathematical model is presented, which is based on the mass conservation equations for methane, water and gas hydrate; Darcy’s law for the motion of the gas and liquid phases; the equation of a real gas state, the energy conservation equation considering thermal conductivity, convection, adiabatic cooling, the Joule-Thomson effect and absorption of latent heat during hydrate formation. An algorithm for the numerical implementation of the mathematical model is constructed and a computer code is developed to calculate main parameters of the process in the work, the computer program is updated to calculate the main parameters of the process researched in the article.
COMPARISON OF THE SUSPENSION STABILIZED BY POLYMER TREATMENT EFFICIENCY FOR INJECTION WELLS OF VARIOUS COMPLETIONS
Authors: Vydysh Ivan V. , FEDOROV Konstantin M. , Anuriev Denis A.
Published: April 2022

The paper is devoted to the comparison of the stabilized suspension by polymer treatment efficiency of injection wells of various completions. Due to the widespread application of oil reservoirs waterflooding technology, the water and conformance control becomes an urgent objective. Control of production water cut is achieved with the help of the diversion of the injectivity profile of injection wells. The injection of special compositions allows to divert flows in the production interval, which leads to a temporary decrease in the water content of the surrounding producing wells. Completion well determines the geometry of the flow near the well or the flow mode. The purpose of the research is to analyze the results of the flow diversion in a layered heterogeneous formation near a cylindrical borehole and a flat fracture for the example treatment technology of the stabilized suspension by polymer. To solve the problem, a system of equations of “deep bed migration model” was used, describing the behavior of suspended particles in the flow and particles trapped on the rock matrix. An analytical solution of the problem of radial flow during suspension injection into a vertical injection well is obtained. A comparison of the stabilized suspension by polymer treatment on a vertical injection well is carried out for linear flow near a fracture and radial flow near vertical well. It has been found that in the radial flow, suspension particles penetrate a porous medium much worse than with linear flow. Specific characteristics are introduced and compared providing the effectiveness of conformance control by alignment of the injectivity profile of injection wells. It is shown that the treatment by stabilized suspension by the polymer of wells with fractures is more effective than the treatment of vertical wells without fractures. It was found that when treatment of vertical wells with small volumes of suspension injection, the formation of suspension cake at the inlet to highly permeable interlayers are observed. For linear flows near fractures, this effect is manifested at significantly large volumes of suspension injection.
Implementation of Sustainable Development by Cities and Businesses in Poland. Evolution of the Approach
Authors: Jastrzębska Ewa , Legutko-Kobus Paulina
Published: April 2022

Adoption of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in 2015 put the theoretical concept of sustainable development (SD) into practice. The goals kindled a vivid interest among Poland-based companies, too, especially large enterprises, which took them to the next level, and embedded them in their corporate strategies. Truth be told, Polish local governments started to implement SD much earlier, namely through Local Agendas 21 after the Second Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The year 2015 was a pivotal moment for the development of the SD concept. Yet, in the opinion of many experts, 2020 was a major test for SDGs as the COVID-19 pandemic was exerting an adverse impact on the progress in their achievement. The study attempts to assess the approach of SD pioneers in Poland, both cities and companies, to the implementation of the concept in the first year of the pandemic. The text provides a critical analysis of the literature on the subject, web research, and authors’ empirical studies conducted among those cities and businesses in Poland that are considered the leading SD implementers. The conducted research demonstrated that most of these leaders (both cities and businesses) are acquainted with both SD and SDGs. In the period covered by analysis, there was a major growth in SD institutionalization. Both business and city representatives understand SD primarily in accordance with the definition framed in Agenda 2030. A stable majority of the surveyed cities and businesses believe that their approach to SD implementation has changed since the announcement of SDGs in 2015. The COVID-19 pandemic has not halted the implementation of SDGs, although in some cases, it has forced the surveyed implementers to revise their modus operandi.
Ecophilosophical and Ecopsychological Aspects of Sustainable Consumption and Lifestyle
Authors: Niedek Mikołaj
Published: April 2022

The aim of the article is to outline the philosophical and psychological dimensions of a sustainable lifestyle based on responsible consumption. In the author’s opinion, moderate consumption and an ecologically balanced way of living should, for their durability, have a broader mental and worldview background. The article will present and compare the concepts of the eco-philosophy of Henryk Skolimowski and the ecopsychology of Theodore Roszak in terms of cognitive, ideological, and axiological propositions of these concepts that can form the motivating basis for responsible living on Earth. In the author’s opinion, apart from the economic dimension, the adoption of ecological ethics and of ecological sensitivity is crucial for the permanent rooting of sustainable consumption patterns in people's attitudes. Ecophilosophical and ecopsychological concepts can significantly help in this, contributing to human sensitivity to environmental issues related to the contemporary ecological crisis. The ecophilosophical and ecopsychological approach, in the author’s opinion, need each other because they use complementary perspectives and methods of building ecological awareness. In the process of environmental education and shaping sustainable life attitudes, they are equally necessary for the effectiveness of achieving the goals of education for sustainable development and promoting an environmentally responsible lifestyle in society.
The Preparation and Characterization of Emulsions with the Addition of
Tannic Acid and Gallic Acid
Authors: Kaczmarek-Szczepańska Beata , Kozak Anna , Zasada Lidia
Published: April 2022

Background:

Polyphenols are natural compounds that show bioactive properties such as antioxidants. Thereby their application in the cosmetic industry may be considered.

Methods:

Tannic acid and gallic acid were used as an additive for emulsion preparation. The microscope observation was carried out to study the formation of the droplets. Also, the polyphenols release from the emulsion, its antioxidant activity and the color parameters were studied.

Results:

The results showed that the addition of polyphenols decreased the droplets’ diameter. Each emulsion showed antioxidant activity; however, the most effective was formulation containing 5% additive of gallic acid. The addition of tannic acid and gallic acid results in the change of color parameters of the studied formulation.

Conclusion:

In this study, we confirmed that tannic acid and gallic acid might be potentially used as additives in cosmetics formulations.
Safety and Monitoring of the Treatment with Disease-Modifying Therapies
(DMTs) for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Authors: Papazisis Georgios , Stamatellos Vasileios-Periklis
Published: April 2022

Background:

Disease-Modifying Therapies (DMTs) for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are widely
used given their proven efficacy in the relapsing form of the disease, while recently, Siponimod and
Ocrelizumab have been approved for the progressive forms of the disease. Currently, 22 diseasemodifying
drugs are approved by the FDA, while in 2012, only nine were present in the market. From
March 2019 until August 2020, six new drugs were approved. This rapid development of new DMTs
highlighted the need to update our knowledge about their short and long-term safety.

Objective:

A literature search was conducted using PUBMED and COCHRANE databases. Key journals
and abstracts from major annual meetings of Neurology, references of relevant reviews, and relative
articles were also manually searched. We prioritized systematic reviews, large randomized controlled
trials (RCTs), prospective cohort studies, and other observational studies. Special attention was
paid to guidelines and papers focusing on the safety and monitoring of DMTs.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted in PUBMED and COCHRANE databases. Also, we manually searched key journals and abstracts from major annual meetings of Neurology, references of relevant reviews, and relative articles. We prioritized systematic reviews, large randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective cohort studies, and other observational studies. Special attention was paid to guidelines and papers focusing on the safety and monitoring of DMTs. Data for oral (Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators, Fumarates, Teriflunomide, Cladribine), injectables (Interferons, Glatiramer acetate, Ofatumumab), and infusion therapies (Natalizumab, Ocrelizumab, Alemtuzumab) are presented.

Conclusion:

Data for oral (Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators, Fumarates, Teriflunomide,
Cladribine), injectables (Interferons, Glatiramer acetate, Ofatumumab), and infusion therapies
(Natalizumab, Ocrelizumab, Alemtuzumab) are presented.
Validation of TWIST (Testicular Workup for Ischemia and Suspected Torsion) Score System for Differential Diagnosis in Acute Scrotum in Tertiary Teaching Hospital
Authors: Prayudi Nyoman Gede , Daryanto Besut , Budaya Taufiq Nur
Published: April 2022

The acute scrotum is a common urological emergency and has a broad differential diagnosis. There is no clear consensus on a particular algorithm to follow in the diagnosis of testicular torsion. Testicular Workup for Ischemia and Suspected Torsion (TWIST) Score, a risk scoring system based on signs and symptoms, can be invaluable in managing patients with the acute scrotum, specifically testicular torsion. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the TWIST scoring system for differential diagnosis of acute scrotal patients. The study was conducted using secondary data, medical records from 111 male patients diagnosed with acute scrotum in Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang between January 2015 and December 2018. Data about the onset of pain, first contact, history, physical examination findings, any adjunct test performed, and intra-operative findings were collected. The effectiveness of the TWIST score in diagnosing testicular torsion was determined by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Of the 111 patients, 43 patients (38.7%) had testicular torsion. The mean age was 17.49 (6.69) years. A total of 39 patients were classified as high risk as per the TWIST Score with cut point 5 had 83.7% sensitivity, 95.6% specificity, 92.3% positive predictive value (PPV), and 90.3% negative predictive value (NPV). The area under the curve was 0.93. The use of the TWIST Score in clinical practice can accurately determine high-risk patients who can proceed straight to the operating theatre without the need for an ultrasound.
The Use of PILA-Pack: Differences in Length of Stay of Hemorrhoidal Patients
Authors: Amsriza Fadli Robby , Fakhriani Rizka
Published: April 2022

Hemorrhoids are a common anorectal disease and can affect all ages. This research aims to specify the differences in Length of Stay (LOS) of hemorrhoidal patients who underwent a modified combined method of rubber ligation and sclerotic injection using Paran Injection Ligation for Ambeien pack (PILA pack) compared to a hemorrhoidectomy. This study consisted of 56 respondents who underwent hemorrhoidectomy, and the other 56 respondents experienced a modified combined method of rubber ligation and sclerotic injection using a PILA pack. Data showed the LOS's average of respondents who underwent hemorrhoidectomy was 47.33 hours or 1.97 days. Meanwhile, respondents' average length of stay who underwent a modified combined rubber ligation and sclerotic injection using a PILA pack was 20.44 hours or 0.85 days. Finally, the T-test results showed a p-value of 0.001 (p<0.05), indicating that there was a statistically significant difference in the average LOS between hemorrhoidal patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy and hemorrhoidal patients who underwent a modified combined method of rubber ligation and sclerotic injection using PILA pack. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the mean LOS for hemorrhoidal patients receiving haemorrhoidectomy vs. hemorrhoidal patients undergoing a modified technique of rubber ligation and sclerotic injection utilizing the Paran Injection Ligation for Ambeien pack was significantly different.
Relationship of Depression and Sleep Quality among North Jakarta Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tanusetiawan Annabella Naida , Surilena Surilena , Tina Widjaja Nelly , Agus Dharmady
Published: April 2022

Medical students with high academic load have had elevated baseline rates of depression and poor sleep quality. During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students are more susceptible to depression and poor sleep quality. This study aimed to analyze depression and sleep quality among medical students at the School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia (FKIK UAJ) during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pre-clinical and clinical students of FKIK UAJ academic year 2020/2021. Respondents were selected through proportional systematic random sampling to fulfill the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for depression and sleep quality. The data were analyzed using Mann Whitney U-Test. There were 63.3% of 635 respondents with depression, in which 39.4% respondents had mild depression, 14.2% respondents with moderate depression, and 9.8% respondents with severe depression. There were 59,2% of respondents with poor sleep quality. Depression was highest in females (67.2%) and pre-clinical stage of 2020 intake year (74.6%), and among clinical level students of 2018 (56%) and 2019 (53.9%) intake year. Poor sleep quality was also highest in females (62.8%) and pre-clinical 2020 intake year (69.8%), and among clinical level students of 2018 (53%) and 2019 (51.9%) intake year. The Mann-Whitney U-test showed a significant difference between depression level and sleep quality in pre-clinical and clinical students of FKIK UAJ during the COVID-19 pandemic (p value=0.000). Depression and sleep quality among medical students of FKIK UAJ during the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated.
Compassion Focused Psychosexual Therapy for Women Who Experience Pain during Sex
Authors:   The Royal London Hospital, Mount Terrace E1 2BB, London, England, Saunders Felicity , Vosper Jane ,   The Royal London Hospital, Mount Terrace E1 2BB, London, England, Gibson Stuart ,   The Royal London Hospital, Mount Terrace E1 2BB, London, England, Jamieson Rhiann ,   Guys Hospital, Great Maze Pond SE1 9RT, London, England, Zelin Jill ,   The Royal London Hospital, Mount Terrace E1 2BB, London, England, Barter Janet ,   The Royal London Hospital, Mount Terrace E1 2BB, London, England
Published: April 2022

Genito-Pelvic Pain Penetration Disorder (GPPPD) affects between eight and twenty percent of women. There is recent evidence that compassion focused therapy (CFT) can help those with general health conditions and persistent pain. This study aims to investigate application of CFT techniques to an existing psychosexual therapy group of women with GPPPD and establish an effect size that could be used in a fully powered trial in future. The study took place within a routine clinical setting. Women who attended a group workshop for GPPPD were invited to complete outcome measures pre-and post-intervention. This study was uncontrolled and unpowered, with the aim of evaluating effectiveness of a novel intervention piloted within a sexual health service. Findings indicated that for the majority of the participants, their self- confidence in managing their sexual difficulty improved over the course of the workshop and their pain frequency and intensity reduced over the sessions. A significant improvement in positive and negative self-compassion and confidence was found. Improvements in sexual distress were also found. The negative aspects of self-compassion were significantly correlated with sexual distress at both pre- and post- intervention. Result from this pilot study appear encouraging and indicate that CFT interventions, specifically related to sexual health and pain, warrant further investigation. Further research would benefit from completing a comparison study and using a larger sample and validated measures.
Social Media–Based Interventions for Health Behavior Change in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Seiler Jessie , Libby Tanya E , Jackson Emahlea , Lingappa JR , Evans WD
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Despite the wealth of evidence regarding effective health behavior change techniques using digital interventions to focus on residents of high-income countries, there is limited information of a similar nature for low- and middle-income countries.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review is to identify and describe the available literature on effective social media–based behavior change interventions within low- and middle-income countries.

METHODS

This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 2009 PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, Elsevier, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Global Index Medicus, and the final search was conducted on April 6, 2021. We excluded studies published before 2000 because of the subject matter. We included studies that evaluated interventions conducted at least partly on a social media platform.

RESULTS

We identified 1832 studies, of which 108 (5.89%) passed title-abstract review and were evaluated by full-text review. In all, 30.6% (33/108) were included in the final analysis. Although 22 studies concluded that the social media intervention was effective, only 13 quantified the level of social media engagement, of which, few used theory (n=8) or a conceptual model (n=5) of behavior change.

CONCLUSIONS

We identified gaps in the settings of interventions, types and sectors of interventions, length of follow-up, evaluation techniques, use of theoretical and conceptual models, and discussions of the privacy implications of social media use.

CLINICALTRIAL

PROSPERO CRD42020223572; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=223572
Using Machine Learning to Efficiently Vaccinate Homebound Patients Against COVID-19: A Real-time Immunization Campaign (Preprint)
Authors: Kumar Anish , Ren Jennifer , Ornstein Katherine A , Gliatto Peter M
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

We use a machine learning-based tool to geographically cluster patients and optimize route planning for vaccination of homebound patients against Covid-19.
Navigating the Credibility of Web-Based Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Using Mnemonics to Empower the Public to Spot Red Flags in Health Information on the Internet (Preprint)
Authors: Stokes-Parish Jessica
Published: April 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

Misinformation creates challenges for the general public in differentiating truth from fiction in web-based content. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this issue has been amplified due to high volumes of news and changing information. Evidence on misinformation largely focuses on understanding the psychology of misinformation and debunking strategies but neglects to explore critical thinking education for the general public. This viewpoint outlines the science of misinformation and the current resources available to the public. This paper describes the development and theoretical underpinnings of a mnemonic (Conflict of Interest, References, Author, Buzzwords, Scope of Practice [CRABS]) for identifying misinformation in web-based health content. Leveraging evidence-based educational strategies may be a promising approach for empowering the public with the confidence needed to differentiate truth from fiction in an infodemic.
COVID-19 Misinformation: Social Network Crowd-Funding for Alternative COVID-19 Treatments and Anti-Vaccine Mandates (Preprint)
Authors: Shaw Nathan Michael , Hakam Nizar , Lui Jason , Abbasi Behzad , Sudhakar Architha , Leapman Michael S. , Breyer Benjamin N.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Crowdfunding is increasingly used to offset the financial burdens of illness and healthcare.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to examine COVID-related crowdfunding focusing on the funding of alternative treatments not endorsed by major medical entities, including campaigns with an explicit anti-vaccine, anti-mask, or anti-healthcare stances.

METHODS

We performed a cross-sectional analysis of GoFundMe campaigns for individuals requesting donations for COVID-19 relief. Campaigns were identified by keyword and manual review to categorize campaigns into “Traditional treatments”, “Alternative treatments”, “Business-related”, “Mandate”, “First Response”, and “General”. For each campaign, we extracted basic narrative, engagement, and financial variables. Among those that were manually reviewed the additional variables of “mandate type”, “mandate stance” and presence of COVID-19 misinformation within the campaign narrative were also included. COVID-19 misinformation was defined as “false or misleading statements” where cited evidence could be provided to refute the claim. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the study cohort.

RESULTS

A total of 30,368 campaigns met criteria for final analysis. After manual review, we identified 53 campaigns (0.17%) seeking funding for unproven alternative medical treatment for COVID-19 including popularized treatments: ivermectin (14), hydroxychloroquine (6), and Vitamin D (4). Twenty-three (43%) of the campaigns seeking support for alternative treatments contained COVID-19 misinformation. There were 80 campaigns that opposed mandating masks/vaccination, 48 (60%) of which contained COVID-19 misinformation. Alternative treatment campaigns had a lower median amount raised ($1,135) compared to traditional ($2,828) treatments (p<0.0001) and a lower median percentile of target achieved (11.9% vs 31.1%; p=0.0027). Campaigns for alternative treatments raised substantially lower amounts ($115,000 vs $52,715,000, respectively) and lower proportions of fundraising goals (2.1% vs 12.5%) for alternative versus conventional campaigns. The median goal for campaigns was significantly higher ($25,000 vs $10,000) for campaigns opposing mask/vaccine mandates relative to those in support of upholding mandates (p=0.042). Campaigns seeking funding to lift mandates on health care workers reached $622 out of a $410,000 goal (0.15%). Conversely, funding campaigns seeking assistance for front-line health workers reached goal funding in 13.5% of cases.

CONCLUSIONS

A small minority of online crowdfunding for COVID-19 were directed at unproven COVID-19 treatments and support for campaigns aimed against masking or vaccine mandates. Approximately half of these campaigns contained verifiably false or misleading information and had limited fundraising success.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.3330
Health Misinformation Across Multiple Digital Ecologies: Qualitative Study of Data From Interviews With International Students (Preprint)
Authors: Bahl Rashika , Chang Shanton , McKay Dana , Buchanan George
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Transient migrants such as international students have received limited support from host country governments throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. An increase in misinformation, resulting in poor health outcomes for individuals, may impact an already vulnerable group.

OBJECTIVE

Existing research examines the spread of misinformation. Similarly, there is extensive literature on the health information behavior of international students. However, there is a gap in the literature focusing on international students’ interaction with health misinformation. This exploratory research aims to address this gap by examining international students’ interaction with health misinformation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

A total of 11 participants took part in semistructured interviews and a health misinformation-identification exercise via Zoom. The data collected were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. Multiple rounds of coding, checked by other coders, revealed 2 themes and 6 subthemes.

RESULTS

The 2 main themes that emerged were (1) approaches to dealing with health misinformation and (2) how international students navigate across multiple digital ecologies. Results show that international students who draw on multiple digital ecologies for information reliably identify misinformation, suggesting that the use of multiple digital ecologies may have a protective effect against health misinformation.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings show that international students encounter health misinformation across multiple digital ecologies, and they also compare information across multiple ecologies. This comparison may support them in identifying health misinformation. Thus, the findings of this study combat narratives of international students’ susceptibility to misinformation.
Co-Design of Digital Health Interventions for Young Adults: A Scoping Review Protocol (Preprint)
Authors: Malloy Jessica A , Partridge Stephanie R , Kemper Joya A , Braakhuis Andrea , Roy Rajshri
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Digital health interventions, including apps and web-based services, are on the rise due to their facilitated access to target groups. The constant evolution of technology calls for participatory research methodologies to understand youth expectations and use. The creative and collaborative nature of co-design allows for active integration of youth desires and may enhance acceptability when it comes to digital health tools.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this review is to assess the breadth of literature on digital health interventions which have been co-designed for and by young adults, including the types of available evidence, identification of key characteristics relevant to young adult co-design, and examination of research conduct in this space.

METHODS

The proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the JBI Manual for Scoping Reviews. As well as the PRISMA-ScR checklist for reporting scoping reviews, an adaptation of Arksey and O’Malley’s 6 stage framework for ScR will be referenced. Peer-reviewed primary research where young adults (aged 15-35 years) were actively involved in the design and development process of digital health interventions will be collated for analyses. Five databases, including Medline (Ovid), Cochrane, CINAHL Plus, Google Scholar and Scopus, will be searched for relevant papers. Search strategies will be comprehensive to identify both published and unpublished literature. Relevant grey literature and secondary research will be excluded yet pooled for separate analysis and citation chaining.

RESULTS

Following data extraction according to the JBI results extraction instrument and independent quality assurance of included studies, narrative synthesis of each paper included in the final pool will allow for charting of data. Results will be presented in one or multiple forms including narrative, tabular and/or diagrammatic.

CONCLUSIONS

The current protocol provides guidance for researchers who plan to conduct a similar style of investigation and promotes standardisation of the scoping review process. We anticipate the provision of an overview of participatory digital health research involving young adults, highlighting any gaps in this research area, as well as potential areas for further study.
The Awareness Rate of Core Knowledge of Chronic Diseases Among 4790 Adults in Anhui Province: An Online Survey by using Wechat (Preprint)
Authors: Xing Xiu-Ya , Wu Zhen-Zhen , Wang Hua-Dong , Xu Wei , Cao Dan , Wu Guo-Cui , Liu Zhi-Rong
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) place a heavy burden on the public health system, and research on the knowledge of chronic diseases among the population of Anhui Province, China, remains limited.

OBJECTIVE

To understand the awareness rate of core knowledge of chronic diseases among residents in Anhui Province and its influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for policy making and formulating corresponding intervention measures.

METHODS

From March to April 2021, 12 provincial-level representative counties and districts of Anhui province in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance were selected as the survey sites, and 4790 residents were recruited in the survey by stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling. The basic information of the study participants and their awareness of core knowledge of key chronic diseases were collected by an online survey by using Wechat.

RESULTS

In 2021, the awareness rate of core knowledge of chronic diseases among residents in Anhui Province was 54.93%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the awareness rate of core knowledge of chronic diseases was higher in the following situations: non-housework occupations (agriculture/forestry/animal/husbandry/fishery :OR=1.295, commercial services and production and transportation :OR=1.368, institutions and professional technicians: OR=1.389), higher education level (high school/junior high school/technical school OR=1.292, college and above OR=1.997), southern and northern Anhui (southern Anhui OR=1.261, northern Anhui OR=1.425) (all P <.05). Those from rural areas (OR=0.748) had a lower awareness rate of core knowledge of chronic diseases (P <.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The awareness rate of core knowledge of chronic diseases among residents of Anhui, China is relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the education and promotion of chronic disease prevention and control knowledge for specific groups of people in this region.
Non-Invasive Glucose Monitoring System for Diabetes Management using Internet of Things and Machine Learning (Preprint)
Authors: Valero Maria , Pola Priyanka , Falaiye Oluwaseyi , Zhao Liang , Shahriar Hossain , Ahamed Sheikh Iqbal
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that affects the human body by impairing it from producing, responding, or utilizing a hormone called insulin. This disease is commonly diagnosed in adults 40 to 65 years of age. Although there is no cure for Diabetes, it can be kept in check by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and monitoring the blood-glucose readings on a timely basis. The standard method for monitoring blood glucose is invasive, which involves needles, lancets, and blood samples that cause a lot of discomfort and stress.

OBJECTIVE

To reduce the use of invasive approaches for monitoring blood glucose, this paper proposes building and testing a non-invasive glucose monitoring prototype that does not require any blood sample and does not involve any kind of invasive procedure.

METHODS

Our system is based on inexpensive devices such as a Raspberry Pi (RPi), a portable camera (RPi camera), and a visible light laser. A set of pictures would be taken using the RPi camera when a visible light laser passes through the human tissue. By studying the absorption and analyzing how light is scattered along the human tissue using this image dataset, the glucose concentration can be estimated by an ANN (Artificial neural network) model. Our prototype was developed using TensorFlow, Keras, and Python code.

RESULTS

Preliminary results with limited data exhibit an accuracy of around 79% in blood glucose estimation, which is promising for more extensive experimentation.

CONCLUSIONS

We conclude that is possible to estimate glucose concentration using images from the human tissue.
Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Evaluation of Wheat-Mocaf-Based Dried Noodles Enriched with Catfish Bone Flour (Clarias sp.)
Authors: Paramita Brigitta Laksmi , Sahubawa Latif , Ratnawati Susana Endah
Published: April 2022

Fishbone is one of industrial waste that can be used as a calcium source. This study aims to find out the use of catfish bone flour as a calcium source in dried noodles, its effects on physicochemical and sensory evaluation of dried noodles, and the contribution of calcium-enriched dried noodles to the Indonesian Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of calcium. The physicochemical properties (moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphor, water absorption, cooking loss, and extensibility) and sensory evaluation of dried noodles enriched with catfish bone flour in several variations (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) were investigated. Catfish bone flour significantly increased protein, fat, calcium, and phosphor content yet significantly decreased the moisture content, cooking loss, extensibility, and consumer acceptance (appearance and taste) of dried noodles. Dried noodles enriched with catfish bone flour had a calcium-phosphor ratio of 1:2 to 2:1. Dried noodles with the catfish bone flour level of 2% seemed to be the most efficient formulation with the Indonesian RDA contribution of 45.8% in serving size of 70g.
REVIEW OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDATIVE
Authors: BERAKDAR NOURA , ALAHMAD AYA
Published: April 2022

Oxidative stress is one of the causative factors of many diseases. According to the pathophysiology, monocytes, macrophages, and normal white cells are produced in large quantities that produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as cytokines that can stimulate cell and tissue damage. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants within the body. ROS (free radicals) are produced by normal cellular metabolism and interact with biomolecules such as protein, lipids, and DNA to cause cellular damage and are responsible for degenerative changes. These processes are responsible for causing many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. The agents responsible for this damage are reactive oxygen and nitrogen species resulting from various processes that destroy intracellular components such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. These agents can lead to necrotic cell death or apoptosis by activating specific intracellular signaling pathways.
РАЗРАБОТКА МЕТАЛЛОКЕРАМИЧЕСКИХ КОРПУСОВ В АО «ЗПП» С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ САПР
Authors: Шугаепов Ш. , Ермолаев Е. , Егошин В. , Решетников А.
Published: April 2022

Рассказано о разработке металлокерамических корпусов с использованием САПР, а также приведены примеры изделий, созданных в АО «Завод полупроводниковых приборов» (АО «ЗПП»). Отмечено, что на данный момент, благодаря техническому перевооружению и новым освоенным САПР АО «ЗПП» может проводить разработку на уровне мировых лидеров и поставлять первые партии изделий в срок от трех месяцев.
ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЙ ПЛОТНОСТИ ПОТОКА ИЗЛУЧЕНИЙ, ИЛИ КАК ПРАВИЛЬНО РАССЧИТАТЬ МОЩНОСТЬ ДОЗЫ ОТ НЕЙТРОНОВ И ГАММА-­КВАНТОВ
Authors: Руднев П. , Чешигин И.
Published: April 2022

В статье представлен новый подход к измерениям характеристик ионизирующих излучений, на основе которого был создан мобильный цифровой спектрометр-­дозиметр, определяющий дозиметрический функционал исходя из оперативно измеряемых энергетических спектров нейтронов и гамма-­квантов.
SMA-АДАПТЕРЫ БЫСТРОГО ПОДКЛЮЧЕНИЯ СОХРАНЯЮТ ПРИБОРНЫЕ СОЕДИНИТЕЛИ ИЗДЕЛИЙ СВЧ
Authors: Джуринский К.
Published: April 2022

Показана перспективность применения зарубежных SMA-адаптеров быстрого подключения для решения проблемы совместимости отечественных радиочастотных соединителей с зарубежной радиоизмерительной аппаратурой в диапазоне частот 0–18 и 0–26 ГГц.
Assessment of hypertensive patients' knowledge about lifestyle risk factors and warning signs of stroke
Authors: Amen Muhammad Rashid
Published: April 2022

Background Stroke is one of the leading causes of death globally. Awareness of stroke modifiable risk factors and warning signs are important for stroke prevention.Objectives To assess hypertensive patients' knowledge regarding lifestyle risk factors and warning signs of stroke.Method A descriptive study was conducted on 114 hypertension patients who attended chronic disease center in Sulaimani city. The study was carried out for the period of February to April 2015. A questionnaire has been used to collect relative data about patients' characteristicsand knowledge regarding lifestyle risk factors and warning signs of stroke. Data were analysed through SPSS 20, and descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and mean) and inferential statistics (F-test and t-test), the figure of p > 0.05 was considered as the statistical significant.Result Patients' knowledge regarding stroke lifestyle risk factors and stroke warning signs were low of 55.3 and 76.3% respectively. Physical inactivity has lower (17.5) percentage among lifestyle risk factors. The patients' knowledge was influenced by patients' age, gender, education levels and duration of hypertension (p > 0.05).Conclusions Hypertensive patients complained from lack of knowledge regarding stroke lifestyle risk factors and warning signs. Physical inactivity was less identified risk factors. Young, female, high level of education and longer duration of disease tended to have higher knowledge.Recommendations Our study results recommended that there was a need to bring high risk group awareness about stroke risk factors and warning signs, particularly to the population with hypertension.
Аpplication of innovative barotherapeutic means in correction of borderline functional states of dangerous occupations persons
Authors: Kochubeynik N. V. , Stepanov V. A. , Sklyarov V. N. , Linchenko S. N. , Karakhanyan K. S.
Published: April 2022

The aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of hyperoxic and hypoxic argon therapy in the correction of borderline functional states of a person.Research methods. 16 men (aged 19–42 years) were examined. In group 1 (8 people), courses of normobaric oxygen therapy and hypoxic therapy were conducted: 14 daily procedures of 30 minutes of oxygen respiration, and then (after 30 minutes) 30 minutes of breathing with a gas mixture with an oxygen content in nitrogen of 16–14% vol. Argon therapy was performed in group 2 patients: 8 daily procedures of 20 minutes of breathing with a gas mixture containing 45% oxygen, 35% argon, nitrogen the rest, and then (after 20 minutes) — 20 minutes of breathing with a mixture containing 12–10% oxygen, argon 35% vol., nitrogen the rest.Results and discussion: it was shown that in group 2 individuals, as a result of the carried-out corrective programs, there was an acceleration of recovery processes, better values of subjective, psychophysiological and somatic status indicators were recorded compared to group 1. Therefore, combined argon therapy is a more effective means of correcting functional conditions compared to standard hyperoxic and hypoxic therapy.
Тhe role of the glutamatergic system in the mechanism of development of hyperbaric oxygen seizures
Authors: Alekseeva O. S.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the scientific article was to study the neurophysiological mechanisms of the occurrence of convulsive activity when breathing oxygen under high pressure under conditions of hyperbaric oxygen and the role of the glutamatergic system in this process.Research methods: Wistar rats, males, weighing 200–250 g. in the amount of 20 were used in the work. The animals were placed in a pressure chamber and compressed with medical oxygen up to 5 ATА. Behavioral reactions and signs of convulsive activity were recorded in animals during compression and during subsequent exposure. Two experimental groups were previously injected with a glutamine synthetase inhibitor at various concentrations 6 hours before compression.The main results showed that irreversible inhibition of glutamine synthetase in the rat brain under the action of increased oxygen pressure led to a significant decrease in the latent period of convulsions.
Features of medical and sanitary provision of diving operations in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Bumai O. K. , Torshin G. S. , Malinina S. V.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the scientific article is to study and analyze the features of medical and sanitary provision of diving operations in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The application of theoretical and empirical research methods allowed analyzing the features of medical and sanitary provision of diving operations in the Arctic.Results and their discussion. Studies have shown that the peculiarities of medical and sanitary provision of diving operations in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are associated with the prevention and treatment of hypothermia and decompression sickness in divers, including the use of heated oxygen-helium mixtures for breathing. To solve this problem, evacuation of injured divers with the help of transportation pressure chambers and special mobile diving complexes are also used to provide qualified and specialized assistance in Arctic conditions.
Mechanisms of violations of water-electrolyte metabolism under the influence of unfavorable factors of hyperbaria and promising possibilities of their correction
Authors: Zverev D. P. , Shitov A. Yu. , Andrusenko A. N. , Chernov V. I. , Israfilov Z. M. , Klenkov I. R. , Vorobyovа L. N.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of the work: to identify the mechanisms of changes in kidney function and water-electrolyte metabolism in divers with different initial resistance to adverse factors of hyperbaria using oral stress renal tests.Materials and methods. 44 men were examined. Initial resistance to adverse factors of hyperbaria was assessed in all subjects. To determine the state of kidney function, oral stress renal tests were performed under the influence of hypoxia, hyperoxia, toxic nitrogen concentrations and decompression gas formation.Results and their discussion. Changes in kidney function and water-electrolyte metabolism occurring under the action of hyperbaria factors are largely determined by hormonal mechanisms implemented through the renin — angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Under the action of hypoxia, hyperoxia, toxic nitrogen concentrations and decompression gas formation on unstable subjects, the vector of changes in the activity of RAAS will mainly be directed towards increasing the secretion of antidiuretic hormone and aldosterone.
Emociones, obligación moral y eficacia colectiva en la consulta popular para enjuiciar a expresidentes
Authors: Zamudio Sosa Alejandro , Montero-Lopéz Lena María
Published: April 2022

Este estudio tuvo como propósito explorar las emociones y motivos relevantes en ciudadanos que decidieron votar o abstenerse de votar en la consulta ciudadana “para enjuiciar a expresidentes” efectuada el 1 de agosto de 2021 en México. A partir de una muestra de 394 participantes mayores de edad y habitantes de la Zona Metropolitana de Ciudad de México, se compararon las medias de seis emociones; se utilizó análisis de texto y arboles de decisión para explorar los motivos asociados a dicha conducta. Esperanza, alegría y enojo fueron las emociones que más presentaron quienes decidieron votar. Por su parte, la esperanza y la obligación moral fueron relevantes para clasificar la conducta del voto. Se destaca la importancia de incluir variables emocionales y variables con componentes morales, como la obligación moral, en la explicación de la conducta del voto en consultas populares.