bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Book reviews
Authors: KITLV Redactie
Published: April 2013

Des Alwi, Friends and exiles; A memoir of the nutmeg isles and the Indonesian nationalist movement. (Chris F. van Fraassen) James A. Anderson, The rebel den of Nùng Trí Cao; Loyalty and identity along the Sino-Vietnamese frontier. (Emmanuel Poisson) Reggie Baay, De njai; Het concubinaat in Nederlands-Indië. (Maya Sutedja-Liem) John Barker (ed.), The anthropology of morality in Melanesia and beyond. (Jaap Timmer) Kees Buijs, Powers of blessing from the wilderness and from heaven; Structure and transformations in the religion of the Toraja in the Mamasa area of South Sulawesi. (Robert Wessing) Jamie S. Davidson, From rebellion to riots; Collective violence on Indonesian Borneo. (Victor T. King) Kees van Dijk, The Netherlands Indies and the Great War, 1914-1918. (Jaap Anten) Linda España-Maram, Creating masculinity in Los Angeles’ Little Manila; Working-class Filipinos and popular culture, 1920s-1950s. (John D. Blanco) Renate Carstens, Durch Asien im Horizont des Goethekreises; Neue Facetten im Wirken Goethes. (Edwin Wieringa) James T. Collins, Bahasa Sanskerta dan Bahasa Melayu. (Arlo Griffiths) Victoria M. Clara van Groenendael, Jaranan; The horse dance and trance in East Java. (Dick van der Meij) Paul M. Handley, The king never smiles; A biography of Thailand’s Bhumibol Adulyadej. (Jeroen Rikkerink) Holger Jebens, Kago und kastom; Zum Verhältnis von kultureller Fremd- und Selbstwahrnehmung in West New Britain (Papua-Neuguinea). (Menno Hekker) Lee Hock Guan and Leo Suryadinata (eds), Language, nation and development in Southeast Asia. (Renata M. Lesner-Szwarc) Ross H. McLeod and Andrew MacIntyre (eds), Indonesia; Democracy and the promise of good governance. AND Patrick Ziegenhain, The Indonesian parliament and democratization. (Henk Schulte Nordholt) Laurent Sagart, Roger M. Blench, and Alicia Sanchez-Mazas (eds), The peopling of East Asia; Putting together archaeology, linguistics and genetics. (Alexander Adelaar) Saw Swee Hock, The population of Malaysia. (Gavin Jones) Henk Schulte Nordholt and Fridus Steijlen (producers), Don’t forget to remember me; A day in the life of Indonesia. (Jean Gelman Taylor) Karel Steenbrink, Catholics in Indonesia; A documented history. Volume I, A modest recovery 1808-1900; Volume 2 (with the cooperation of Paule Maas), The spectacular growth of a self-confident minority 1903-1942. (Chris de Jong) Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern (eds), Exchange and sacrifice. (Toon van Meijl) Hans Straver (samenst.), Wonder en geweld; De Molukken in de verbeelding van vertellers en schrijvers. (G.J. Schutte) Dendy Sugono et al. (eds), Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia Pusat Bahasa; Edisi keempat. (Hein Steinhauer) Jacqueline Vel, Uma politics; An ethnography of democratization in West Sumba, Indonesia, 1986-2006. (Chris Lundry) C.W. Watson, Of self and injustice; Autobiography and repression in modern Indonesia. (Roxana Waterson)
E.M. Uhlenbeck (1913-2003) and the Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (KITLV)
Authors: Janse Mark
Published: April 2013

Eugenius Marius Uhlenbeck (1913-2003) needs no introduction to readers of this journal. Bob, as many knew him, was editor of the Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde from 1949 until 1958. He took up this task after he obtained his PhD for his dissertation on the structure of the Javanese morpheme, and remained as editor until he was appointed chair in general linguistics at Leiden University, where he also held the chair in Javanese language and literature from 1950 until 1983.2 During his lifetime, he contributed fourteen articles to the journal. Many of these have become classics in their fields, particularly his studies of various aspects of Modern Javanese morphology and his interpretation of several Old Javanese texts. In addition, he also published eleven reviews in the Bijdragen. Among these, his article on Zoetmulder’s study of language of the Adiparwa (1950) deserves special mention. In addition to his contributions to the Bijdragen, the Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (KITLV) published five important monographs written by him. This brings me to the focus of this paper: the relationship between Uhlenbeck and the KITLV.
The origins of Balinese legong
Authors: Davies Stephen
Published: April 2013

In this paper I discuss the origin of the Balinese dance genre of legong. I date this from the late nineteenth century, with the dance achieving its definitive form in the period 1916-1932. These conclusions are at odds with the most common history told for legong, according to which it first appeared in the earliest years of the nineteenth century.
Ritual and reflexes of lost sovereignty in Sikka, a regency of Flores in eastern Indonesia
Authors: Lewis E.D.
Published: April 2013

In 1993 some among the Sikkanese population of the town of Maumere on the north coast of Flores in eastern Indonesia attended a ritual to reconcile the members of two branches of the family of the rajas of Sikka, a dynasty that had once ruled the district. The two branches had fallen out over differences in opinion about the last succession to the office of raja a few years before the end of the rajadom in the late 1950s. A description of the ritual, which was conducted in an urban rather than a village setting, and an analysis of the performance demonstrate much about the persistence of elements of the old Sikkanese religion in modern Sikkanese society. The contemporary Sikkanese are Christians and the regency of Sikka is part of the modern Indonesian nation-state.
Considerations on the dating of the Barabudur stūpa: introduction to the problem
Authors: Sundberg Jeffrey Roger
Published: April 2013

Given its prominence as one of the largest and certainly the most elaborately decorated Buddhist stūpas in the world, it is regrettable that a foundation inscription giving a firm date, name, or patron for the Barabudur monument has never been found. In the absence of a foundation inscription, a number of scholars have proposed and examined a variety of dating indicators. This article assesses past efforts to attempt a dating of the Barabu∂ur monument, and offers a new hypothesis on the dating and founder.
Reconstructing the Tengger calendar
Authors: Proudfoot Ian
Published: April 2013

The survival of an Indic calendar among the Tengger people of the Brama highlands in east Java opens a window on Java’s calendar history. Its hybrid form reflects accommodations between this non-Muslim Javanese group and the increasingly dominant Muslim Javanese culture. Reconstruction is challenging because of this hybridity, because of inconsistencies in practice, and because the historical evidence is sketchy and often difficult to interpret.
Resink revisited: A note on the territorial waters of the self-governing realms of the Netherlands Indies in the late 1800s
Authors: Butcher John G.
Published: April 2013

A distinctive feature of the constitutional structure of the Netherlands Indies was the division between the areas directly ruled by the government in Batavia and the ‘self-governing’ realms that were tied to the Netherlands by treaties or contracts but retained some degree of autonomy. In a series of articles written between 1950 and 1964 G.J. Resink argues that as late as 1910 many self-governing realms in fact retained their sovereignty and had relations with the government in Batavia that were international in character. Central to his argument is the assertion that these realms had their own territorial waters, for the possession of territorial waters may be seen as one of the attributes of state sovereignty.
Indonesianisasi of Dutch economic interests, 1930-1960 : The case of Internatio
Authors: Kerkhof Jasper van der
Published: April 2013

This article looks in detail into the process of indonesianisasi at Internatio, a major Dutch trading firm in Indonesia. I draw on Dutch archival records and the voluminous Dutch and international literature on the changing environment for Dutch private business in Indonesia in the 1950s. Internatio’s case is particularly instructive for the following reasons: – Internatio was a leading trading firm in Indonesia and regarded as a ‘trendsetter’ among the so-called ‘Big Five’, the leading Dutch import houses in the archipelago. – Successive Indonesian cabinets considered import trade crucial in the process of indonesianisasi, and for this reason the sector was targeted for policies aimed at wresting control from Dutch firms and encouraging the development of indigenous ones. – Internatio had a pivotal role in the Indonesian economy due to its extensive interests, not only in import trade but also in exports, estates, manufacturing, shipping, and insurance. The article is chronologically structured, distinguishing five periods: depression and diversification (1930-1940); the end of Dutch supremacy (1940-1945); revolution and rehabilitation (1945-1950); adjusting to new realities (1950- 1956); confrontation and nationalization (1956-1960).
The rupture between the Muhammadiyah and the Ahmadiyya
Authors: Beck Herman L.
Published: April 2013

The Muhammadiyah is often mistakenly associated by outsiders with the Ahmadiyya1 according to the writers of the Muhammadiyah sebagai gerakan Islam (Kamal, Yusuf and Sholeh 1994:130-1). In this book, they want to explain to students attending the upper secondary schools of the Muhammadiyah, and also to ordinary members of the organization, what kind of organization the Muhammadiyah is and what it stands for. To define the character of the Muhammadiyah, they deal with, for example, the position of the organization in relation to other Islamic religious groups (Ar.: firqa) and the Islamic law schools (Ar.: madhhab) (Kamal, Yusuf and Sholeh 1994:126-36). The authors regard the differences between the Islamic religious groups as resulting from differences of opinion regarding essential elements of the Islamic creed (Ar.: ‘aqîda). However, in their view, the differences between the various Islamic law schools are connected with divergences of opinion not affecting the basic tenets of Islamic doctrine (Ar.: khilâfiyya). The the authors of Muhammadiyah sebagai gerakan Islam mention the Ahmadiyya while discussing some other Islamic religious groups.
Taxonomic novelties in Chamaecrista (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) from Brazil
Authors: RANDO JULIANA G. , LOEUILLE BENOIT , PIRANI JOSÉ RUBENS
Published: April 2013

In the light of taxonomic studies of Chamaecrista sect. Chamaecrista ser. Coriaceae the status of several varieties is re-evaluated: Three former varieties are recognized at the specific level, two new combinations and one synonymization are here proposed. The geographic distribution and taxonomic affinities of these species are discussed.
Does Specialization Explain Marriage Penalties and Premiums?
Authors: Killewald Alexandra , Gough Margaret
Published: April 2013

Married men’s wage premium is often attributed to within-household specialization: men can devote more effort to wage-earning when their wives assume responsibility for household labor. We provide a comprehensive evaluation of the specialization hypothesis, arguing that, if specialization causes the male marriage premium, married women should experience wage losses. Furthermore, specialization by married parents should augment the motherhood penalty and the fatherhood premium for married as compared to unmarried parents. Using fixed-effects models and data from the NLSY79, we estimate within-gender differences in wages according to marital status and between-gender differences in the associations between marital status and wages. We then test whether specialization on time use, job traits, and tenure accounts for the observed associations. Results for women do not support the specialization hypothesis. Childless men and women both receive a marriage premium. Marriage augments the fatherhood premium but not the motherhood penalty. Changes in own and spousal employment hours, job traits, and tenure appear to benefit both married men and women, although men benefit more. Marriage changes men’s labor market behavior in ways that augment wages, but these changes do not appear to occur at the expense of women’s wages.
Toward a View of Citizenship and Lobbying
Authors: Anastasiadis Stephanos
Published: April 2013

The way a company engages with the political process is directly relevant to its ”character,” yet lobbying and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are often seen as separate. Taking a narrative approach, the author examines the automotive industry’s processes around lobbying, in the light of legislation to restrict emissions of CO2 from cars in the European Union. The author uses the data generated through interviews to generate a narrative model of political engagement, and to start to apply Basu and Palazzo’s process model of CSR. This article shows competing narratives within the industry, which range from broadly cooperative toward regulatory activity, to broadly instrumental. The author argues that lobbying needs to be included in the scope of corporate citizenship theorizing and discusses changes to corporate character.
The Needs of Hospitalized Patients With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Kopecky Kimberly , Broder-Fingert Sarabeth , Iannuzzi Dorothea , Connors Susan
Published: April 2013

Objective. This survey assessed the in-hospital needs of patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Methods. Parents were recruited to complete a 21-item survey about the needs of their child with an ASD while in the hospital. ASD diagnosis was reported by parents at the time of the survey. The results of the survey were analyzed and evaluated in 3 distinct categories of need. Results. We documented a range of responses associated with ASD-specific needs during hospitalization. Common concerns included child safety and the importance of acknowledging individual communication methods. Conclusions. In a population of children with ASDs, parents report a diverse range of needs while in the hospital. These data support the concept that a pragmatic assessment of individual communication and sensory differences is likely to be essential in the development of an appropriate inpatient care plan.
Inequality and Personal Income Taxation
Authors: Ardanaz Martin , Scartascini Carlos
Published: April 2013

Why does personal income taxation (PIT) remain relatively low in many developing countries despite a period of democratic advancement and rapid economic growth? This stylized fact is hard to reconcile with standard political economy models of taxation that expect democratic regimes to bring about redistribution in countries that suffer from high inequality. This article argues that the details of political institutions are key to understand why PIT remains low in many developing and unequal countries. In particular, we show how legislative malapportionment may prevent the use of personal income taxes as a major revenue source by skewing the distribution of political power across groups. Malapportionment is usually not exogenous but the result of design by those with political power at the transition or reform moment. As such, it depends on the structure of political and economic power in society. Based on a sample of more than 50 countries between 1990 and 2007, this article finds that (a) countries with historically more unequal distributions of wealth and income tend to systematically present higher levels of legislative malapportionment and (b) higher levels of malapportionment are associated with lower shares of personal income taxes in GDP.
Environmental Worldview, Place Attachment, and Awareness of Environmental Impacts in a Marine Environment
Authors: Wynveen Christopher J. , Kyle Gerard T. , Sutton Stephen G.
Published: April 2013

Place attachment provides insight on why and to what extent individuals value a particular setting. Most investigations involving place attachment and environmental attitudes have been conducted in terrestrial settings; little work has addressed proenvironmental behavior in marine settings. The purpose of the current investigation was to extend Stern et al.’s work, which indicates that individuals’ environmental worldviews (EWVs) influence their attitudes toward anthropogenic impacts on the environment. We hypothesized a model wherein place attachment partially mediates the relationship between recreational visitors’ EWV and their awareness of consequences of negative impacts on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. We then compared this model with competing models. Our results suggest that place attachment is a useful addition to studies that use Stern et al.’s value-belief-norm model.
Reading new black fiction of East Asia: An ex-centric approach to transnational literary studies
Authors: Baxter Katherine Isobel
Published: April 2013

Responding to critiques of the status quo in transnational literary studies, this essay models an alternative approach, particularly for the field of African–Asian studies. The transnational turn in literary studies has often been less global than we might desire: postcolonial texts are frequently read in terms of predetermined features or ideologies, and comparative studies often posit the USA as their locus for comparison. Following Ato Quayson’s call for attention to the “ex-centric” in postcolonial and transnational literature, this essay demonstrates how the figures of gui and Eshu emerge as interpretative keys in two recent African–Asian works, by Ken Kamoche and Biyi Bandele. The essay argues that these figures point up the complexities inherent in transnational relations, which the texts explore. The essay invites us to read with greater alertness to the “ex-centric” in transnational texts in order to unpack their full implications.
Three-dimensional numerical modelling of drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites
Authors: Isbilir Ozden , Ghassemieh Elaheh
Published: April 2013

Drilling is a key factor in the manufacturing of holes required for the assemblies of composite laminates in aerospace industry. The quality of holes can be controlled by the choice of tool geometry and process parameters. Simulation of drilling process is an effective method in optimizing the drill geometry and process parameters in order to improve hole quality and reduce the drill wear. In this research, we have developed three-dimensional finite element model for drilling carbon fiber-reinforced. A three-dimensional progressive intra-laminar failure model based on the Hashin’s theory is considered. Also, an inter-laminar delamination model which includes the onset and growth of delamination by using cohesive contact zone was developed. It is shown that the induced thrust force, torque, damaged area and delamination are predicted very well with the given drill geometry and process parameters. The delamination area resulted from drilling of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer was predicted successfully using the developed model. The current finite element model using three-dimensional elements and improved damage models showed much better capability in simulation of the drilling process of CFC compared to the previous model using shell elements.
Mechanical properties of elastomer nanocomposites for electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Authors: Fletcher Alan , Gupta Mool C
Published: April 2013

A novel elastomer foamed nanocomposite has been developed with high electromagnetic dissipation and shielding properties. This light-weight foamed fluorocarbon incorporates multi-walled carbon nanotubes at low loading concentrations to achieve levels of conductivity and energy shielding that surpass the requirements for electromagnetic static discharge and electromagnetic interference shielding. These nanocomposites are significantly lighter than their metallic filled counterparts and foaming the material can further reduce the density by another 20% with minimal impact on electromagnetic static discharge or electromagnetic interference characteristics. The measurement of mechanical properties was performed and compared with commercially available electromagnetic interference shielding gasket materials. Currently available metal-filled electromagnetic interference shielding materials suffer from poor mechanical properties due to the high loading of metal fillers. Not only are these material systems heavy, but they are not durable. Replacing the metal fillers with a lower concentration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes provides excellent mechanical properties and lighter weight. Stress/strain curves show a high Young’s modulus and display the ability to be able to tailor the physical properties to meet a variety of functional requirements.
Preparation and properties of cellulose-based carbon microsphere/poly(lactic acid) composites
Authors: Shuhua Wang , Qiaoli Xu , Fen Li , Jinming Dai , Husheng Jia , Bingshe Xu
Published: April 2013

Carbon microspheres were prepared using cellulose as a precursor by hydrothermal carbonization and the composites were prepared using carbon microspheres as the filler and poly(lactic acid) as the polymeric matrix. The morphologies and structures of carbon microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. The crystallinity, tensile properties and thermal properties of the composites were tested. The results show that the tensile properties and thermal properties of the carbon microsphere/poly(lactic acid) composites were improved by the addition of CMSs.
Measurement and analysis of fiber-matrix interface strength of carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic resin matrix composites
Authors: Sha JJ , Dai JX , Li J , Wei ZQ , Hausherr J-M , Krenkel W
Published: April 2013

Since fiber-matrix interface strength is critical to properties of carbon fiber-reinforced composites, measurement and analysis of interface strength are crucial steps in tailored design of composites. In the present work, the single fiber push-out test and the short-beam shear test were applied to measure the fiber-matrix interface strength in uni-directionally and two-directionally carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic resin matrix composites. The technical difficulties in processing the specimen and in realizing the fiber push-out were also discussed and clarified. For obtaining the successful test, typically, the thickness of the specimen should be smaller than 100 mm. During the fiber push-out, the de-bonding and fiber sliding at the interface were analyzed from the load-displacement curve features. The results indicated that both methods could be applied to determine the interface strength. The single fiber push-out and the short-beam shear tests resulted in a similar phenomenon in regard to the interface strength of uni-directionally and two-directionally carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic resin matrix composites, but expressed different values. The low interface strength measured from the short-beam shear test could be associated with multiple interlaminar shear failures. Furthermore, it was found that the interface strength of uni-directionally carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic resin matrix composites is somewhat higher than that of two-directionally carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic resin matrix composites. The difference in the interface strength could be attributed to the thermally induced residual stresses caused by the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch of fiber and matrix. The approaches applied in the current work can be used for the evaluation of the interface strength of carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic resin matrix composites with different fiber-matrix bonding properties.
Effects of temperature and strain rate on compressive flow behavior of aluminum-boron carbide composites
Authors: Gangolu S , Rao AG , Prabhu N , Deshmukh VP , Kashyap BP
Published: April 2013

Flow properties of aluminum and aluminum-boron carbide (Al-B4C) composites, containing 5, 10 and 15 wt% B4C, were investigated by compression tests at strain rates of 10−4, 10−3 and 10−2 s−1 over the temperature range 25 to 500℃. The nature of stress–strain curves as a function of reinforcement, temperature and strain rate revealed that (1) flow stress initially increases as the reinforcement increases, but it decreases for Al-15% B4C composite, (2) flow stress increases with the increase in strain rate, with the strain rate sensitivity index varying from 0.01 for aluminum at 200℃ to 0.30 for Al-5% B4C composite. The activation energy for deformation is found to vary from 124 to 187 kJ/mol for Al-15% B4C and Al-5% B4C composites, respectively.
In-plane compression of hollow composite pyramidal lattice sandwich columns
Authors: Yin Sha , Wu Linzhi , Nutt Steven
Published: April 2013

Composite lattice structures can be regarded as hierarchical when trusses have their own structure (e.g. different stacking sequences are incorporated). In this study, hollow composite pyramidal lattice sandwich structures in end compression were analyzed, measured and evaluated with respect to the designable properties of sandwich cores, such as relative density and truss stacking sequence. Collapse mechanism charts were constructed for both component elements and sandwich columns to illustrate the influence of structural geometries and properties of composite pyramidal lattice cores on failure modes. Operative failure modes were identified and the analytical models were shown to be accurate when compared to the measured response. The minimum weight design for the hollow composite pyramidal lattice sandwich column in end compression was carried out and the structural efficiency was also discussed.
Mobile Microbiome
Authors: Han Y.W. , Wang X.
Published: April 2013

The link between oral infections and adverse systemic conditions has attracted much attention in the research community. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including spread of the oral infection due to transient bacteremia resulting in bacterial colonization in extra-oral sites, systemic injury by free toxins of oral pathogens, and systemic inflammation caused by soluble antigens of oral pathogens. Mounting evidence supports a major role of the systemic spread of oral commensals and pathogens to distant body sites causing extra-oral infections and inflammation. We review here the most recent findings on systemic infections and inflammation complicated by oral bacteria, including cardiovascular disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, respiratory tract infections, and organ inflammations and abscesses. The recently identified virulence mechanisms of oral species Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Campylobacter rectus are also reviewed. A pattern emerges indicating that only select subtype(s) of a given species, e.g., F. nucleatum subspecies animalis and polymorphum and S. mutans non- c serotypes, are prone to extra-oral translocation. These findings advocate the importance of identification and quantification of potential pathogens at the subtype levels for accurate prediction of disease potential.
Expression and Function of Enamel-related Gene Products in Calvarial Development
Authors: Atsawasuwan P. , Lu X. , Ito Y. , Chen Y. , Gopinathan G. , Evans C.A. , Kulkarni A.B. , Gibson C.W. , Luan X. , Diekwisch T.G.H.
Published: April 2013

Enamel-related gene products (ERPs) are detected in non-enamel tissues such as bone. We hypothesized that, if functional, ERP expression corresponds with distinct events during osteoblast differentiation and affects bone development and mineralization. In mouse calvariae and MC3T3 cells, expression profiles of enamel-related gene products (ERPs) correlated with key events in post-natal calvarial development and MC3T3 cell mineralization. Developing skulls from both Amel- and Ambn-deficient animals were approximately 15% shorter when compared with those of wild-type controls, and their sutures remained patent for a longer period of time. Analysis of Amel- and Ambn-deficient calvariae and calvarial osteoblast cultures revealed a dramatic reduction in mineralized nodules, a significant reduction in Runx2, Sp7, Ibsp, and Msx2 expression, and a reduction in Alx4 in Amel-deficient calvariae vs. an increase in Alx4 in Ambn-deficient calvariae. Analysis of these data indicates that ERP expression follows defined developmental profiles and affects osteoblast differentiation, mineralization, and calvarial bone development. We propose that, in parallel to their role in the developing enamel matrix, ERPs have retained an evolutionary conserved function related to the biomineralization of bones.
Socioeconomic Status and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in African American College Students
Authors: Salami Temilola K. , Walker Rheeda L.
Published: April 2013

Factors such as socioeconomic status (SES) and hopelessness, a dimension of cognitive vulnerability, have been associated with the onset of depression and anxiety pathology in primarily European American study samples. The purpose of this brief article was to examine a main effect of SES and mediating effect of hopelessness in relation to acute symptoms of depression and anxiety in African American college students. Vulnerability-stress theories suggest that cognitively vulnerable individuals are more likely to develop depressive symptoms than individuals without cognitive vulnerabilities. Participants were 133 African American college students who completed self-report measures of hopelessness and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results revealed that the relationship between participants’ SES and participants’ symptoms of depression was partially mediated by self-reported hopelessness. The relationship between participants’ SES and anxiety symptoms was fully mediated by their level of hopelessness. However, the direction of the findings was unexpected in that higher SES was associated with increased symptoms of depression and anxiety and also increased hopelessness. Future research and considerations for intervention are briefly discussed.
Correlation of Tumor Marker Expression with Nodal Disease Burden in Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Trivedi Sumita , Mattos Jose , Gooding William , Godfrey Tony E. , Ferris Robert L.
Published: April 2013

Objectives

To investigate the correlation between the percentage of metastatic tumor present in lymph nodes resected from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) and level of expression of 3 marker genes: pemphigus vulgaris antigen (PVA), parathyroid hormone–related peptide (PTHrP), and tumor‐associated calcium signal transducer 1 (TACSTD1). In addition, we investigated whether the level of expression of these 3 markers was associated with clinical outcomes for patients with HNSCC.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis of previously harvested patient samples.

Setting

The University of Pittsburgh.

Subjects and Methods

A total of 448 lymph nodes from 92 patients with HNSCC were evaluated for expression of the gene markers PVA, PTHrP, and TACSTD1 using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Confirmation of metastasis was determined by histologic examination. The expression level of these markers versus tumor percentage was analyzed.

Results

All 3 markers were studied independently and were associated with tumor percentage in metastatic lymph nodes. PVA had the strongest correlation, followed by PTHrP and then TACSTD1. PVA levels had a trend toward association with clinical outcome, specifically time to death caused by cancer, but this was confounded by tumor stage.

Conclusion

All 3 tumor gene markers were associated with percentage of tumor cells in metastatic lymph nodes. PVA had the strongest correlation. PVA may add prognostic utility beyond pathologic staging, but this requires analysis of a larger cohort. Prospective studies of tumor volume in metastatic nodes should determine a lower limit threshold of molecular marker detection.
Diagnosis of the gifted in Israel
Authors: David Hanna
Published: April 2013

Many parents of gifted, talented and high-ability children seek counseling in the belief that a diagnosis of their child as ‘gifted’ will solve the problems they and their child are encountering. In Israel, most children are screened for giftedness using the Szold examinations in grade 2 or 3 between the ages of 7 and 9 years. The Szold test screens for mathematical–logical and verbal abilities, but it does not screen for creativity. In the letter of ‘acceptance/rejection’, the only information given is whether or not the child is entitled to participate in the local program for the gifted. In this article I will endeavor to explain why it is not always desirable or necessary to seek an additional clinical diagnosis of potential ability because the problems expressed by both parents and children derive from emotional causes, particular learning disabilities or a mismatch between the child’s potential and the level of curricula provision.
The long pentraxin PTX3: a candidate anti-inflammatory mediator in cardiac surgery
Authors: Kunes P , Mandak J , Holubcova Z , Kolackova M , Krejsek J
Published: April 2013

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is performed with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and cardioplegic arrest (CA) of the heart. The advantage of this technique, alternatively referred to as “on-pump” surgery, resides, for the surgeon, in relatively easy access to and manipulation with the non-beating, bloodless heart. However, the advantage that is, thereby, gained by the patient is paid off by an increased susceptibility to postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Under unfavorable conditions, the inflammatory syndrome may develop into life-threatening forms of MODS (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) or even MOFS (multiple organ failure syndrome). Deliberate avoidance of CPB, also known as “off-pump” surgery, attenuates early postoperative inflammation throughout its trajectory of SIRS→MODS→MOFS, but, in the long run, there appears to be no substantial difference in the overall mortality rates. In the last years, our knowledge of the pathophysiology of surgical inflammation has increased considerably. Recent findings, highlighting the as yet rather obscure role of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in these processes, are discussed in this review article.
Immediate effects of individualized heparin and protamine management on hemostatic activation and platelet function in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with tranexamic acid antifibrinolytic therapy
Authors: Hofmann B , Bushnaq H , Kraus FB , Raspé C , Simm A , Silber RE , Ludwig-Kraus B
Published: April 2013

Objective:

This randomized prospective study was initiated to clarify whether individualized heparin and protamine dosing has immediate effects on hemostatic activation and platelet function in adult cardiac surgery.

Methods:

Sixty adults undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were assigned to receive individualized heparin and protamine (HMS group, n= 29) or a standard dose (ACT group, n=24). Measures of thrombin generation and Multiplate® (Verum Diagnostica, Munich, Germany) platelet function tests were performed before and after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).

Results:

HMS patients received higher heparin (p = 0.006) and lower protamine (p<0.001) doses. Post-CPB, HMS managed patients showed significantly lower thrombin generation (thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) p<0.02) than the ACT group. Moreover, HMS managed patients had a better preservation of platelet function (COL p = 0.013; ADP p = 0.04; TRAP p = 0.04).

Conclusion:

An individualized and stable heparin concentration and appropriate dosing of protamine can reduce thrombin generation and preserve platelet function, even in short-time CPB.
Technology and ‘the International’ or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Determinism
Authors: McCarthy Daniel R.
Published: April 2013

Technological determinism as a theory of social change has been thoroughly tarnished in social theory, science and technology studies, and the discipline of International Relations. If once claims to an ahistorical development of technology (e.g. Cohen, 1978) were treated with significant respect, this is no longer the case. Indeed, it is by now a ritual to disclaim any notion of technological determinism in theories of international relations and the non-human world (Peoples, 2010; Herrera, 2006; McCarthy, 2011). Yet we must be careful of not throwing out the power of technological determinations with the teleological bathwater. This article attempts to develop a sociological account of technological determinism as dependent upon ‘the International’. I will argue that technological determinism operates due to the presence of multiple political communities. Technological determinism is thereby reconceptualised as a distinct form of power in international politics.
Qualitative research in finance
Authors: Kaczynski Dan , Salmona Michelle , Smith Tom
Published: April 2013

This paper provides an overview of qualitative research to encourage finance researchers to apply a more diverse approach to current research practices. Social science researchers recognize that research questions should determine what research paradigm is best for each study. Imagine the benefits to finance if we expand our empirical sources of data to include what people have to say, which then allows us to explore the complex reasoning behind these conversations. It is the intent of this paper to enhance our current research practices in finance through the use of qualitative methods and to view this approach as an invaluable supplement or prelude to existing practices.
Stepwise web-based questionnaires for diagnosing cluster headache: LUCA and QATCH
Authors: Wilbrink Leopoldine A , Weller Claudia M , Cheung Carlo , Stijnen Theo , Haan Joost , Ferrari Michel D , Terwindt Gisela M
Published: April 2013

Background

Cluster headache (CH) is a primary headache disorder that is diagnosed based on the patient's history. For large-scale epidemiologic and genetic studies, a web-based, preferably short, questionnaire can be a feasible alternative to replace time-consuming clinical interviews.

Methods

Self-reported CH patients were enrolled via our research website. Participants meeting screening criteria were directed to the Leiden University Cluster headache Analysis program (LUCA) questionnaire. Individual diagnoses were calculated using an algorithm based on International Headache Society criteria. Subsequently, semi-structured telephone interviews were carried out to validate the LUCA questionnaire. The shorter Quick Ascertainment of Cluster Headache (QATCH) questionnaire for diagnosing CH was constructed by using logistic regression to select the most predictive questions.

Results

Via our website 437 self-reported CH patients were recruited. Of these, 291 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. The LUCA questionnaire was valid and accurate. Using logistic regression, three questions (QATCH) provided similar sensitivity (53.8% vs. 57.2%), specificity (88.9% vs. 87.5%), positive predictive value (95.5% vs. 95.9%) and negative predictive value (30.8% vs. 28.8%) compared with the LUCA questionnaire.

Conclusion

The web-based LUCA questionnaire was accurate and reliable in diagnosing CH among self-reported patients. Males with headache attacks of short duration and long headache-free intervals (months to years) are very likely to have CH.
Frameless linac-based stereotactic radiosurgery treatment for SUNCT syndrome targeting the trigeminal nerve and sphenopalatine ganglion
Authors: Tan Daniel YH , Chua Eu Tiong , Ng Kim Bock , Chan Kwang Ping , Thomas John
Published: April 2013

Background

The short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache associated with conjunctival injection and tearing or SUNCT syndrome was first described in the 1970s. This paper is the first in the literature that describes the successful use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using a non-invasive frameless technique, targeting both the trigeminal nerve and the sphenopalatine ganglion in the management of intractable SUNCT. We also discuss the role of selecting peripheral targets in the management of this rare headache syndrome.

Methods

Among patients treated for functional pain disorders in our radiosurgery unit using the frameless technique since August 2011, one patient with symptoms matching the International Classification of Headache Disorders-2 (ICHD-II) criteria of SUNCT syndrome was identified. The multi-disciplinary case records of this patient were retrospectively reviewed and reported.

Results

Our patient had symptoms resembling the ICHD-II diagnostic criteria of SUNCT, which was refractory to medical treatment. Ninety Gy was delivered to the trigeminal root entry zone and 80 Gy was delivered to the sphenopalatine ganglion. At 16 months’ follow-up, she was pain free with minimal side effects.

Conclusions

Frameless linear accelerator (linac)-based SRS targeting the trigeminal nerve and sphenopalatine ganglion remained successful in our patient at 16 months. Longer follow-up and further experience will determine the efficacy and safety of this approach. We suggest that frameless SRS is a convenient and attractive non-invasive option for patients with medically refractory SUNCT.
A Novel Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Procedure Using Semitendinosus Tendon Autograft in Patients With Multiligamentous Knee Injuries
Authors: Kitamura Nobuto , Ogawa Munehiro , Kondo Eiji , Kitayama Soichiro , Tohyama Harukazu , Yasuda Kazunori
Published: April 2013

Background:

Several new procedures for medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction using a hamstring tendon graft have been reported in the 2000s. However, the midterm and long-term clinical outcomes of these procedures have not been reported.

Hypothesis:

Postoperative medial stability of the knee that underwent our MCL reconstruction may not be significantly different from that of the noninjured knee.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 37 patients who sustained multiligamentous knee injuries underwent combined MCL and cruciate ligament reconstruction at our institution between 1994 and 2007. Thirty of the 37 patients were clinically evaluated at least 2 years after surgery. Sixteen had combined MCL and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, 5 had combined MCL and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction, and 9 had combined MCL, ACL, and PCL reconstruction. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) evaluation form and Lysholm score were used to evaluate postoperative knee function. Anteroposterior knee laxity was examined with a KT-2000 arthrometer. To assess objective medial instability, we performed a stress radiograph examination under valgus stress with the knee at 20° of flexion.

Results:

At the final follow-up, 1 patient showed a loss of knee extension of more than 3°. Five patients revealed a loss of knee flexion of 6° to 15° and 2 patients of 16° to 25°. Lysholm scores averaged 94.8 points. In the IKDC evaluation, 9 patients were graded as A, 17 were graded as B, 3 were graded as C, and 1 was graded as D. In the stress radiograph examination, the mean medial joint opening was 8.5 ± 1.6 mm in the reconstructed knee and 8.0 ± 1.2 mm in the healthy opposite knee. There was no significant difference in the medial joint opening between reconstructed and intact knees.

Conclusion:

Medial collateral ligament reconstruction for chronic combined knee instabilities can be safely performed using hamstring tendon autografts, and the clinical outcome with a minimum 2-year follow-up was favorable with satisfactory stability.
Charting Ethics in Asia-Pacific HRM
Authors: West Jonathan P. , Beh LooSee , Sabharwal Meghna
Published: April 2013

Enforceable ethical standards and human resource management (HRM) strategies are important to the progress of any nation and both can be used to avoid or correct ethical wrongdoing. Using survey data from 6 Asia-Pacific countries and 4 U.S. states, this study finds that while most employees are aware of ethical requirements at work, there are clearly differences between East and West in the perceived frequency of unethical behaviors and the ethical infrastructure used to address wrongdoings. The study concludes that required adaptations to improve ethical behavior are not exclusively the East adapting to the West or the West adapting to the East. There is also some ethical convergence where similar ethical problems and anticorruption strategies are found in both cultural settings. Further, there are substantial national variations as well as some ethical convergence within the Asian context. Selected HRM strategies to promote ethics are highlighted.
Public Executive Leadership in East and West
Authors: Berman Evan , Wang Chun-Yuan , Chen Chung-An , Wang XiaoHu , Lovrich Nicholas , Jan Chung-yuang , Jing Yijia , Liu Wei , Gomes Ricardo , Sonco Jose Tiu , Meléndez Claudio , Hsieh Jun-yi
Published: April 2013

The Asia-Pacific region is known for examples of public managers taking initiative for addressing large challenges and opportunities, but recent concerns are that public leadership is greatly reduced in the new democratic and media-conscious era. Comparative data from South Korea, Mainland China, Taiwan, Malaysia, the United States, India, Brazil, and Chile show that perceptions of strong public executive leadership in Asia-Pacific are similar to those in the United States (respectively 40% and 35%). Perceived leadership is greater in stable, one-party regimes (Malaysia, Mainland China), than in those that have party turnover (Taiwan, South Korea). This article also argues that HRM factors affect the calculus of leaders’ initiative-taking, and finds that in both the East and West public executive leadership is associated with HR factors affecting recruitment, selection, compensation, appraisal, rewards, and satisfaction with civil service systems. This article calls for further research and strategic HRM actions that strengthen public executive leadership in democracies.
Optimization of conventional water treatment plant using dynamic programming
Authors: Mostafa Khezri Seyed , Bahareh Ghafari , Elahe Dadvar , Pegah Dadras
Published: April 2013

In this research, the mathematical models, indicating the capability of various units, such as rapid mixing, coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, and the rapid sand filtration are used. Moreover, cost functions were used for the formulation of conventional water and wastewater treatment plant by applying Clark’s formula (Clark, 1982). Also, by applying dynamic programming algorithm, it is easy to design a conventional treatment system with minimal cost. The application of the model for a case reduced the annual cost. This reduction was approximately in the range of 4.5–9.5% considering variable limitations. Sensitivity analysis and prediction of system’s feedbacks were performed for different alterations in proportion from parameters optimized amounts. The results indicated (1) that the objective function is more sensitive to design flow rate ( Q), (2) the variations in the alum dosage ( A), and (3) the sand filter head loss ( H). Increasing the inflow by 20%, the total annual cost would increase to about 12.6%, while 20% reduction in inflow leads to 15.2% decrease in the total annual cost. Similarly, 20% increase in alum dosage causes 7.1% increase in the total annual cost, while 20% decrease results in 7.9% decrease in the total annual cost. Furthermore, the pressure decrease causes 2.95 and 3.39% increase and decrease in total annual cost of treatment plants.