bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From the Origins of Pharmacogenetics to First Applications in
Psychiatry
Authors: Müller Daniel J. , Rizhanovsky Zoe
Published: September 2019

Pharmacogenetics is the division of science addressing how genetic factors
contribute to the metabolism, response, and side effects of a given medication.
What was once regarded as a subdivision of genetics and pharmacology is now
recognized as its own field and has its own unique story of origin. While the
term “pharmacogenetics” was coined by Friedrich Vogel in 1959,
the relevance of inherited genetic traits in affecting the clinical outcome to
xenobiotics has been observed long before. In fact, there is much hope that
pharmacogenetics can help unravel the “mysteries” as to why
different people may display variable responses to the same medication as well
as identify new drug targets. This article will highlight the conceptual
framework for pharmacogenetics advanced by pioneer scientists Arno Motulsky and
Friedrich Vogel (both human geneticists), as well as Werner Kalow (clinical
pharmacologist), leading up to the creation of modern pharmacogenetics. Finally,
the practical implications and first steps toward implementation for current
psychiatric treatment are reviewed followed by an outlook on future studies.
Is Moderate Intensity Exercise during Pregnancy Safe for the Fetus? An Open Clinical Trial
Authors: Melo Adriana Suely Oliveira , Silva João Luiz Pinto e , Melo Fabiana de Oliveira , Barros Emanuela Santos , Santos Hugo Leonardo , Amorim Melania Maria Ramos , Souza Alex Sandro Rolland
Published: September 2019

Objetivo Determinar o efeito da caminhada em esteira sobre a frequência cardíaca materna (FCM) e parâmetros cardiotocográficos (batimentos cardiofetais basais [BCFs], movimentos ativos fetais [MAFs], número de acelerações e desacelerações e variabilidade de curta [STV] e longa [LTV] duração da frequência cardíaca fetal) em gestantes na 36a semana.

Métodos Foi realizado um ensaio clínico não randomizado e aberto com 88 gestantes saudáveis submetidas a caminhada de moderada intensidade na esteira e a cardiotocografia computadoriza em 3 momentos de 20 minutos (antes, durante e após a caminhada).

Resultados A média dos BCFs diminuiu durante a caminhada, retornando a níveis prévios (antes: 137 bpm; durante: 98 bpm; após: 140 bpm; p < 0,001), com bradicardia ocorrendo em 56% dos fetos nos primeiros 10 minutos do exercício, e em 47% após 20 minutos. A bradicardia fetal não foi observada em outros momentos (antes ou depois). As médias da STV e da LTV foram 7,9, 17,0 e 8,0 milissegundos (p < 0,001) e 7,6, 10,7 e 7,6 bpm (p = 0,002) antes, durante e após a caminhada, respectivamente. A média dos números dos MAFs em 1 hora foi 29,9, 22,2 e 45,5, respectivamente, nos três momentos (p < 0,001). Nas mulheres com sobrepeso/obesidade, a média da FCM foi menor (p = 0,02). Após a análise de regressão logística, duas variáveis permaneceram significativamente associadas a bradicardia: aptidão maternal na 28a semana de gravidez (efeito protetor) e peso materno (aumento do risco).

Conclusão Em fetos saudáveis, o exercício físico mostrou-se seguro, uma vez que, embora os BCFs e os MAFs diminuam durante a caminhada na esteira, foi observado um aumento da SVT e da LTV.
Uncovering Lymphatic Transport Abnormalities in Patients with Primary Lipedema
Authors: Gould Daniel J. , El-Sabawi Bassim , Goel Pedram , Badash Ido , Colletti Patrick , Patel Ketan M.
Published: September 2019

Background Although lipedema is often clinically distinguished from lymphedema, there is considerable overlap between the two entities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate lymphoscintigraphic findings in patients with lipedema to better characterize lymphatic flow in this patient population.

Methods Patients with lipedema receiving lymphoscintigraphy between January 2015 and October 2017 were included. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and lymphoscintigraphic findings were extracted. Klienhan's transport index (TI) was utilized to assess lymphatic flow in patient's lower extremities (LEs).Scores ranged from 0 to 45, with values > 10 denoting pathologic lymphatic transport.

Results A total of 19 total patients with lipedema underwent lymphoscintigraphic evaluation. Mean age was 54.8 years and mean body mass index was 35.9 kg/m2. Severity of lipedema was classified as stage 1 in five patients (26.3%), stage 2 in four patients (21.1%), stage 3 in four patients (21.1%), and stage 4 in six patients (31.6%). The mean TI for all extremities was 12.5; 24 (63.2%) LEs had a pathologic TI, including 7 LEs with stage 1 (29.2%), 3 LEs with stage 2 (12.5%), 6 LEs with stage 3 (25.0%), and 8 LEs with stage 4 lipedema (33.3%). The mean TI was significantly greater for extremities with severe (stage 3/4) lipedema than those with mild or moderate (stage 1/2) lipedema (15.1 vs. 9.7, p = 0.049). Mean difference in TI scores between each LE for individual patients was 6.43 (standard deviation +7.96).

Conclusion Our results suggest that patients with lipedema have impaired lymphatic transport, and more severe lipedema may be associated with greater lymphatic transport abnormalities.
Plasma optics in the context of high intensity lasers
Authors: Peng H. , Marquès J.-R. , Lancia L. , Amiranoff F. , Berger R. L. , Weber S. , Riconda C.
Published: September 2019

The use of plasmas provides a way to overcome the low damage threshold of classical solid-state based optical materials, which is the main limitation encountered in producing and manipulating intense and energetic laser pulses. Plasmas can directly amplify or alter the characteristics of ultra-short laser pulses via the three-wave coupling equations for parametric processes. The strong-coupling regime of Brillouin scattering (sc-SBS) is of particular interest: recent progress in this domain is presented here. This includes the role of the global phase in the spatio-temporal evolution of the three-wave coupled equations for backscattering that allows a description of the coupling dynamics and the various stages of amplification from the initial growth to the so-called self-similar regime. The understanding of the phase evolution allows control of the directionality of the energy transfer via the phase relation between the pulses. A scheme that exploits this coupling in order to use the plasma as a wave plate is also suggested.
A study of defect structures in Fe-alloyed ZnO: Morphology, magnetism, and hyperfine interactions
Authors: Ivanovski Valentin N. , Belošević-Čavor Jelena , Rajić Vladimir , Umićević Ana , Marković Smilja , Kusigerski Vladan , Mitrić Miodrag , Koteski Vasil
Published: September 2019

In order to study the effect of Fe cation substitution on the local structure, defect formation, and hyperfine interactions in ZnO, Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements of the microwave processed Zn1−xFexO (x=0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) nanoparticles, together with ab initio calculations, were performed. Complementary information on the distribution of particle size and morphology, as well as magnetic properties, were obtained by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and squid-magnetometry. The selected model for analyzing the Mössbauer spectra of our samples is a distribution of quadrupole splittings. The fitting model with two Lorentz doublets was rejected due to its failure to include larger doublets. The Fe3+ ions do not yield magnetic ordering in the samples at room temperature. The results from first-principles calculations confirm that the major component of the Mössbauer spectra corresponds to the Fe-alloyed ZnO with Zn vacancy in the next nearest neighbor environment. The magnetic measurements are consistent with the description of the distribution of iron ions over the randomly formed clusters in the ZnO host lattice. While at room temperature all the samples are paramagnetic, magnetic interactions cause a transition into a cluster spin-glass state at low temperatures.
Device for inductive heating and focusing of laser produced plasma
Authors: Creel J. R. , Donnelly T. , Lunney J. G.
Published: September 2019

The design and implementation of a pulsed magnetic induction device used to heat and focus a laser produced plasma in vacuum is described. Imaging of the plasma light emission and optical spectroscopy show that the UV/visible light emission is strongly enhanced, and the degree of ionization is increased. The plasma focusing is confirmed by contraction of the deposits formed by the plasma transmitted through the induction coil. The operation of the device can be described in the framework of resistive magnetohydrodynamics, where the induced currents heat the plasma and focus the plasma via the Lorentz interaction with the magnetic field.
Global properties of latent virus dynamics with B-cell impairment
Authors: Elaiw A. M. , Alshehaiween S. F. , Hobiny A. D. , Abbas I. A.
Published: September 2019

In this paper we construct virus dynamics models with impairment of B-cell functions. Two different forms of the incidence rate have been considered, bilinear and general. The latently infected cells have been incorporated into the models. The well-posedness of the models is justified. The models admits two equilibria which are determined by the basic reproduction number R0. The global stability of each equilibrium is proven by utilizing Lyapunov function and LaSalle’s invariance principle. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations.
Airy vortex electron plasma wave
Authors: Wu Lican , Liu Yujun , Wu Jinhong , Hong Shihan , Wu Lixun , Chen Yaohui , Xie Jintao , Deng Dongmei
Published: September 2019

A family of Airy vortex electron plasma (AiVEP) wave is introduced by constructing an unmagnetized collision-free plasma and its analytical propagation expression is obtained. The intensity, phase, potential, energy flow density, and angular momentum density of the AiVEP wave with the topological charge M = 1 and M = 2 for different decay factors are studied. We find that the intensity will undergo the process of focusing and rediverging, but this phenomenon becomes less and less obvious as the decay factor increases. The phase distribution will be more and more uniform during the propagation process. As the propagation distance and the decay factor increase, the peak of the potential becomes smaller and the fluctuation becomes gentle.
Current assisted avalanche photo diodes (CAAPDs) with separate absorption and multiplication region in conventional CMOS
Authors: Jegannathan Gobinath , Ingelberts Hans , Boulanger Sven , Kuijk Maarten
Published: September 2019

A current assisted avalanche photodetector (CAAPD) is presented with a large detection window of 40 × 40 μm2, having a small 1-fF avalanche diode in its center. To quickly guide the photogenerated electrons to the center for avalanche multiplication, a drift field with associated majority hole current is applied across the neutral detection volume. This first type of CAAPD is fabricated in a conventional 350-nm CMOS process on a high resistive p− epi-layer. The low diode-junction capacitance can be of interest to integrated receivers. The CAAPD is characterized for its basic functionality, including the effects of lateral detection delay and gain.
Helium low temperature plasma induced HepG2 cells autophagy through ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR/P70s6k signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Y. , Liu J. , Gao L. , Ma Y. , Xu G. , Li X. , Hao Y. , Shi X. , Zhang Guan-Jun
Published: September 2019

Low temperature plasma (LTP) has emerged as a new research hotspot of promising therapy to fight against cancer. Autophagy is a multifunctional process that digests and recycles cellular contents within lysosomes to maintain homeostasis, which is the underlying mechanism of cancer cell death and anti-cancer treatment. This study aimed at investigating whether autophagy of HepG2 cells could be induced by LTP and revealing the related molecular mechanism. For this purpose, the atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) in helium was utilized to generate plasma-actived medium (PAM) to treat HepG2 cells in vitro. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were respectively added into the PAM as the intervention group. The cell viability, formation of autophagosomes, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, expression levels of autophagy-associated proteins and key proteins involved in PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways were detected. The results showed that LTP inhibited cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Autophagy was induced through the formation of autophagosomes, conversion of LC3-II/LC3-I, increased expression of beclin 1 and degradation of p62. The mechanism was deduced that LTP enhanced the intracellular ROS level and decreased the phosphorylation level of key proteins in PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. However, these effects were blocked by the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and ROS scavengers (CAT and SOD). The therapeutic efficacy of LTP against HepG2 cells may involve autophagy via suppressing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by LTP-mediated ROS.
Fundamentals of three-dimensional Yb-fiber Nd:YAG laser machining of structural bone
Authors: Pantawane Mangesh V. , Robertson William B. , Khan Riaz J. K. , Fick Daniel P. , Dahotre Narendra B.
Published: September 2019

This work aims to understand the fundamental aspects of the laser-bone interaction in three-dimensional laser machining of the bone through an integrated experimental-computational approach. The study introduces 3-dimensional laser machining of bones through multilaser passes and attempts to establish the dimensional control over the laser-machined cavity through a finite element method based multiphysics computational model. A continuous wave Yb-fiber Nd:YAG laser (λ=1064nm) was employed with laser fluences ranging from 5.31J/mm2 to 25.46J/mm2 generated in combination of laser power (400 W–700 W) and machining speed (50 mm/s–250 mm/s). In multilaser pass machining, the optimum fill spacing of 0.2 mm was identified for higher machining rates with low deviation from linearity of machined edge (d=9μm). This resulted in high machining rates ranging from 16.49±0.2mm3/s to 45.26±0.66mm3/s for a given range of laser fluence. The optimization for machining efficiency and physical attributes of the machined cavity were comprehended through thermodynamics and kinetics of the laser interaction with the bone based on the computational model for varying laser processing parameters.
A continuously variable beam expander driven by ultrasonic motors
Authors: Xu Zhangfan , Pan Song , Chen Lei , Di Sisi , Huang Weiqing
Published: September 2019

A dynamic beam shaping system requires a variable beam expander. Three optical lenses form the core of the proposed beam expander, and two hollow ultrasonic motors are used to adjust the positions of two of the lenses. A polymer-based stator is introduced in the ultrasonic motors to decrease their weight, whereupon a prototype is machined and its performance is assessed. The beam expander starts and stops within 0.05 s, and the minimum positioning error is 0.03 µm by adjusting the motor speed. The presented expander can continuously expand a laser beam by between threefold and fivefold, and nanoscale positioning and high-precision beam shaping are realized by using ultrasonic motors as its actuators.
Solitary states and partial synchrony in oscillatory ensembles with attractive and repulsive interactions
Authors: Teichmann Erik , Rosenblum Michael
Published: September 2019

We numerically and analytically analyze transitions between different synchronous states in a network of globally coupled phase oscillators with attractive and repulsive interactions. The elements within the attractive or repulsive group are identical, but natural frequencies of the groups differ. In addition to a synchronous two-cluster state, the system exhibits a solitary state, when a single oscillator leaves the cluster of repulsive elements, as well as partially synchronous quasiperiodic dynamics. We demonstrate how the transitions between these states occur when the repulsion starts to prevail over attraction.
On gravity currents of fixed volume that encounter a down-slope or up-slope bottom
Authors: Zemach T. , Ungarish M. , Martin A. , Negretti M. E.
Published: September 2019

We consider a gravity current released from a lock into an ambient fluid of smaller density, that, from the beginning or after some horizontal propagation X1, propagates along an inclined (up- or down-) bottom. The flow (assumed in the inertial-buoyancy regime) is modeled by the shallow-water (SW) equations with a jump condition applied at the nose (front). The behavior of the current is dominated by the slope angle, θ, but is also affected by additional dimensionless parameters: the aspect ratio of the lock x0/h0, the height ratio of the ambient to lock, H/h0, and the distance of the backwall from the beginning of the slope, X1/x0. We show that the stability of the interface, reflected by the value of the bulk Richardson number, Ri, is essential in the interpretation and modeling. In the upslope flow, Ri increases and hence entrainment/mixing effects are unimportant. In the downslope flow, the current first accelerates and Ri decreases; this enhances entrainment and drag, which then decelerate the current. We show that the accelerating-decelerating downstream current is reproduced well by a SW model combined with a simple closure for the entrainment and drag. A comparison of the theoretical results with previously published experimental data for both upslope flow and downslope flow show fair agreement.
Physical versus mathematical billiards: From regular dynamics to chaos and back
Authors: Bunimovich L. A.
Published: September 2019

In standard (mathematical) billiards, a point particle moves uniformly in a billiard table with elastic reflections off the boundary. We show that in transition from mathematical billiards to physical billiards, where a finite-size hard sphere moves at the same billiard table, virtually anything may happen. Namely, a nonchaotic billiard may become chaotic and vice versa. Moreover, both these transitions may occur softly, i.e., for any (arbitrarily small) positive value of the radius of a physical particle, as well as by a “hard” transition when radius of the physical particle must exceed some critical strictly positive value. Such transitions may change a phase portrait of a mathematical billiard locally as well as globally. These results are somewhat unexpected because for standard examples of billiards, their dynamics remains absolutely the same after replacing a point particle by a finite-size (“physical”) particle. Moreover, we show that a character of dynamics may change several times when the size of particle is increasing.
Solitary state in oscillatory system may help reveal more about neuronal networks
Authors: Gasparini Allison
Published: September 2019

Researchers observed the emergence of a solitary state in mixed oscillator systems inspired by neuronal networks built from excitatory and inhibitory neurons.
Controlling the properties of colloidal gels with polymer linkers
Authors: Gasparini Allison
Published: September 2019

Researchers used polymer linkers to create equilibrium colloidal gels with tunable microstructure and phase behavior.
Averting danger under the bridge: video confirms that adult small-toothed morays tolerate salinity before and during tidal influx
Authors: Ebner Brendan C. , Donaldson James A. , Courtney Robert , Fitzpatrick Richard , Starrs Danswell , Fletcher Cameron S. , Seymour Jamie
Published: September 2019

Safety considerations for researchers shape ecological research approaches in dangerous aquatic environments. A series of recent studies has demonstrated that the moray Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Family Muraenidae) occupies freshwater in the adult phase. However, its potential use of tidal habitat remains largely unexplored, due partly to the challenges of performing underwater research within estuarine crocodile territories. In September 2017, opportunistic snorkel-based observations revealed individuals of this species occupying lairs at an upper tidal creek site during low tide (under freshwater conditions). This provided an opportunity to tailor field-based measurements of the salinity tolerance of this species a fortnight later during a more substantial high tide. Specifically, remote underwater video, snorkel and above-water observations of morays, combined with salinity measurements, reveal that G. polyuranodon is capable of tolerating salinity of at least 14.4 for several hours and can inhabit salinity of 19 for a period of several minutes. This finding, when viewed in synergy with other relevant studies of G. polyuranodon, indicates that the species is either catadromous or amphidromous or capable of either strategy.
Nitrogen mineralisation in sugarcane soils in Queensland, Australia: I. evaluation of soil tests for predicting nitrogen mineralisation
Authors: Allen D. E. , Bloesch P. M. , Orton T. G. , Schroeder B. L. , Skocaj D. M. , Wang W. , Masters B. , Moody P. M.
Published: September 2019

We explored soil properties as indices of mineralisable nitrogen (N) in sugarcane soils and whether we could increase the accuracy of predicting N mineralisation during laboratory incubations. Utilising historical data in combination with samples collected during 2016, we: (i) measured mineralised N over the course of short-term (14 days) and long-term (301 days) laboratory incubations; (ii) compared models representing mineralisation; then (iii) related model parameters to measured soil properties. We found measures representing the labile organic N pool (Hydrolysable NaOH organic N; amino sugar Illinois soil N test) best related to short-term mineralised N (R2 of 0.50–0.57, P < 0.001), while measures of CO2 production (3, 7, 10 and 14 days) best related to longer-term mineralised N (R2 of 0.75–0.84, P < 0.001). Indices were brought together to model the active and slow pools of a two-pool mineralisation model in the statistical framework of a mixed-effects model. Of the models that relied on measurement of one soil property, cumulative CO2 production (7 days) performed the best when considering all soil types; in a cross-validation test, this model gave an external R2 of 0.77 for prediction of the 301-day mineralised N. Since the mixed-effects model accounts for the various sources of uncertainty, we suggest this approach as a framework for prediction of in-field available N, with further measurement of long-term mineralised N in other soils to strengthen predictive certainty of these soil indices.
Transnational policy transfer: the circulation of ideas, power and development models
Authors: Stone Diane , Porto de Oliveira Osmany , Pal Leslie A
Published: September 2019

The study of policy transfer initially focused on transfers and transmissions among developed countries or from developed countries to the developing world. Today the circulation of policy and knowledge has become more dense and complex. The articles in the special issue concentrate on the growing velocity of policy innovations spreading from the developing world to other parts of the developing as well as into developed countries and towards international organisations. The context of international development cooperation has been particularly fertile in the cross-pollination of ideas, models and policy experiments, and the articles in this Special Issue draw deeply on this insight. Using a ‘development lens’ enables the authors to view processes of knowledge diffusion and policy transfer not from the centre, in the ministries of national governments, but from policy perimeters, in cities and local government, among those outside political power in opposition groups and movements, and bottom-up from policy implementers.
Sensitivity study of anomalous HZZ couplings at a future Higgs factory *
Authors: Li Hua-Dong , Lü Cai-Dian , Shan Lian-You
Published: September 2019

We study the sensitivity of constraining the model independent H
ZZ coupling based on the effective theory up to dimension-6 operators at a future Higgs factory. Using the current conceptual design parameters of the Circular Electron Positron Collider, we give the experimental limits for the model independent operators given by the total Higgsstrahlung cross-section and the angular distribution of Z boson decays. In particular, we give the very small sensitivity limit for the CP violation parameter

, which will be a clear window to test the Standard Model and look for new physics signals.
weak decays *
Authors: Chang Qin , Zhang Yunyun , Li Xiaonan
Published: September 2019

Motivated by the rapid development of heavy flavor physics experiments, we study the tree-dominated nonleptonic

(

) decays within the factorization approach. The relevant transition form factors are calculated by employing the covariant light-front quark model. Helicity amplitudes are calculated and analyzed in detail, and a very clear hierarchical structure

is presented. The branching fractions are computed and discussed. Numerically, the CKM-favored

and

decays have relatively large branching fractions,

, and could be observed by LHC and Belle-II experiments in the future.
Film-formation of paint coatings of wood in aerioisonization
Authors: Gazeev M V
Published: September 2019

Currently, ionization is widely used in various areas where it is necessary to clean indoor air and the therapeutic effects of negative ions on living organisms. The use of aeroionization as a method of accelerated film formation of wood-based paintwork is the application of a well-known solution in a new way and has a novelty. The mechanism of film formation acceleration of paintwork coatings of wood is theoretically described and the effect of aeroionization on the film formation kinetics is experimentally confirmed.
Diversity of Plant Species Composition and Forest Vegetation Cover of Dong Nai Culture and Nature Reserve, Vietnam
Authors: Viet Hung Dang , Potokin A F
Published: September 2019

The obtained results from the study undertaken on the composition of plant species and forest vegetation in Dong Nai Reserve indicated a record of 864 species, 479 genera and 146 families that belongs to the four divisions of vascular plants. These includes: Lycopodiophyta, Polypodiophyta, Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta. Useful plants of 864 taxonomy species listed consists of 540 species of medicinal plants, 157 species of timber plants, 88 species of edible plants, 40 species of ornamental plants, 18 species of industrial plants, 15 species of fiber plants and 6 species of unknown use plants, respectively. During the duration of investigation, Cissus modeccoides Planch. and Goniothalamus vietnamensis Ban. were newly recorded in the forest vegetation of Dong Nai Reserve. One of the recorded species, named Goniothalamus vietnamensis is endangered medicinal plants in Vietnam. A variety of forest vegetations in the area under study is described. In this study, four major vegetation types of forest were identified in Dong Nai Reserve.
Forest policy issues in modern Russia
Authors: Kozyreva G B , Morozova T V , Sukharev M V , Volkov A D
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the institutional arrangements for the development of forest-covered territories of Russia. The subject of the research is the current institutional system that regulates economic relations in forest management in Russia. The structural institutional elements of this system are the ownership of forest resources; forest certification and formation of forest payments. The purpose of the study is to assess the state of the institutional arrangements governing the forest management system and the economic relations in this institutional system; substantiation of the mechanisms for establishing effective models of forestry development. The methodology is based on the provisions of the institutional theory, sustainable development and the theory of rent. Research tools include institutional analysis, quantitative and qualitative sociological methods. The empirical footing is formed by the results of many years of comprehensive economic and sociological research of forest areas of the Republic of Karelia in 1998-2018 (public opinion polls; interviews with forest service specialists, local and regional authorities, heads of forest companies), research materials from Russian and foreign scientific schools and official websites. A descriptive analysis of the problems encountered by various forest policy stakeholders relations is offered.
Value of Forest Ecosystem Natural Potential in the Areal Regional Richness Structure
Authors: Lebedev Yu , Kovyazin V , Lebedeva T , Romanchikov A
Published: September 2019

Value of forest ecosystems’ natural potential is examined as composition of forest resources (timber and non-timber forest products) as natural capital. Also, value is examined as composition of environment-forming and social functions of forest objects as part of ecological potential of forest areas. Regional (national) richness includes all natural resources, all tangible and intangible assets made by nature and humanity in this region. By calculation results, value of forest resources (natural capital of forest ecosystems) is about 12-16% of total value of forest site for commercial forests of Middle Ural. Value of ecological potential is about 84-88% of total. It grows to 92-96% for protection forests. Natural potential of forest ecosystems is comparable to production potential of agriculture, mining or power generation.
The development of economic theory as cognitive strategies change: philosophic-methodological analysis
Authors: Lubomirov D E , Petrov S O , Sapenok O V
Published: September 2019

The logic of development of economic knowledge, changes in its theoretical and methodological grounds are considered in the context of the philosophical analysis of the transformation of the general scientific cognitive strategies. The heuristic value of using of established in post-non-classic science socio-cultural approach to analysis of the study object in investigations of the essence of the economic reality and the human place in it justifies. In this connection, analyzes the evolution of the cultural context of the development of science, its influence on different epochs scientific world views, the concept of world view in the economy as a reflection of the particular reality introduces. The important role of the fundamental principles of modern scientific rationality – hierarchical system organization of the Universe, Synergetics, Anthropologism, Global evolutionism and society-nature Co-evolution is emphasized. Attention is drawn to the renaissance of the interest in holistic, qualitative approach to the world in late 20 - early XXI centuries science, including socio-management strategies, after several centuries of domination by quantitative methodology.
Graphitized Carbon Fibers Based on Lyocell Precursors
Authors: Makarov I S , Golova L K , Vinogradov M I , Chernenko D N , Kulichikhin V G
Published: September 2019

For the first time, graphitized fibers from Lyocell cellulose precursors spun from solutions prepared via the solid-phase dissolution method in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide were obtained. Carbonization was performed up to processing temperature of 2400 °C. Comparative studies of cellulose precursors and carbon fibers, carried out by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray and thermal analysis, allowed us to establish the structural-morphological features and thermophysical properties of carbon fibers. It is shown that graphitized fibers consist of randomly arranged regular lamellae of graphite-like layers. Using transmission electron microscopy, the interplanar distance between the layers (d002) was estimated to be ∼ 0.341 nm. Graphitization of the fibers leads to content of carbon ∼99.75% and oxygen ∼0.25% and to reach the tensile strength up to 1.5 GPa.
Restoration of tree species on fallow lands of North-West Russia
Authors: Danilov D A , Mandrykin S S , Belyaeva N V , Vaiman A A
Published: September 2019

The study of the regeneration processes on the postagrogenic lands in different landscape conditions of the North-West region was carried out. The main factors for the successful regeneration of spruce and pine on postagrogenic lands are the distance to the source of seeds and the amount of deciduous tree-shrub species. The significant influence on the regeneration of tree species on the sandy postagrogenic lands has a pyrogenic effect. Depending on the landscape characteristics, the process of forming the species composition of the stand will have its own succession line of development. The growth of spruce and pine in most plots is more intensive than on the lands of the forest fund. It is necessary to regulate the regeneration processes of economically valuable species in order to involve the postagrogenic lands in economic circulation.
Influence of the parameters of a forestry machine-tractor unit on the hourly fuel consumption of a diesel engine
Authors: Martynov B G , Spiridonov S V , Ya Durmanov M
Published: September 2019

To improve the quality of the design of a forestry machine-tractor unit (MTU), it is necessary to develop and use various methods for assessing the operational efficiency of MTU, which is particularly relevant at the design stage. The manuscript examines the influence of the parameters of a forestry MTU on the hourly fuel consumption of a diesel engine. The speed of movement of the MTU was chosen as an operational parameter, and the suspension rigidity was chosen as a design parameter. In ploughing mode, diesel fuel consumption per hour is determined for dynamic loads by component: from resistance when moving up-hill; from the dynamics of the soil layer turn-over by the plough; from MTU inertial forces; from oscillations of the MTU suspension in the longitudinal-vertical plane; from mechanical losses in friction pairs of the engine, as well as its total value for different values of suspension stiffness. The maximum values of the total dynamic component of the hourly fuel consumption in ploughing mode are observed at frequencies close to 2.5 s-1, that is, close to its own energy-consuming frequency of oscillations of the rotational speed of the crankshaft of the SMD-20T.04 engine. To improve the fuel efficiency of an MTU diesel engine, it is necessary to introduce a correction device into the design of a high-pressure fuel pump (HPP). As a corrective device, it is advisable to use an oscillation damper of the rail of the fuel pump (RFP). The vibration damper is used to reduce the amplitude of oscillations of the rail and the negative effect of the hydrodynamic force on the quality of the speed control process. Its advantage lies in the fact that, while damping, it reduces the effect of hydrodynamic force during fuel cut-off and, to a lesser extent, provides resistance when moving RFP in the direction of increasing the cycle fuel supply.
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. seeds’germination depending on the methods of preseeding preparation
Authors: Quynh Trang Nguyen , Sakharova S G
Published: September 2019

The article discusses the techniques, methods and results of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. soil germination determination. Two batches of seeds collected from plants in various places of growth during introduction (Botanical gardens of Sochi and Sukhumi) were studied. The seeds’ under snow storage, stratification in a refrigerator with the subsequent sowing of seeds in open ground was carried out. After stratification of seeds from Sukhumi their soil germination increased from 11.1% to 18.5%, i.e. almost 1.7 times. It was noted that the soil germination of Eucommia ulmoides seeds is directly depended on their mass while the seeds’ sizes were of subordinate importance.
Economic and legal challenges in the development of forestry in Russia and ways to address them
Authors: Petrov V , Bespal’ko A , Bogatova E , Filinova I
Published: September 2019

Market relations in Russian forestry started in 1993. That year, new forest law was adopted. This law enshrined the right of the state government to forests. Later on, the forest laws were adopted in 1997 and 2006 and left forests in state ownership. Despite the frequent change of forest laws, forestry faces many challenges: economic, social and environmental. Ways to address these challenges could be found on the basis of analysis and evaluation of the forestry development.
Forest damage assessment specifics
Authors: Savchenkova V A , Korshunov N A , Kalinin M S
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the issue of forming a suitable approach for assessing the damage caused by a forest fire in accordance with the Russian Federation Forest Code regulations. The subject of the research is the damage that can be caused by a forest fire. The existing methods of calculating the damage caused by forest fires have been analyzed and so has been the regulatory legal framework in the field of assessing the damage caused to forests by forest fires. None of the existing methodologies fully meets the provisions of the Russian Federation Forest Code Articles 100 and 95. The necessity of a conceptual approach to create a methodology for assessing the potential damage by a forest fire justifies the research rationale. The result of the study is the basis for the formation of a scientifically-based methodology for calculating the damage caused to forests, which is the monetary terms of damage.
Quality loss of birch plywood logs supplied for export in Finland
Authors: Seliverstov A , Simonova I , Syunev V
Published: September 2019

A field-based study was performed to broaden our knowledge of Quality loss of birch plywood logs supplied for export and determine the main causes of the quality loss during harvesting and delivery and the ways to eliminate them. The total volume of studied birch plywood logs amounted to 14 281 cubic meters. Are shown ehe some results of the acceptance of plywood logs at the mills in Finland in terms of the types of rejects broken down by suppliers, mills and shipments. The total reject rate in the studied shipments amounted to 9.3%. The volume of birch plywood logs rejected because of mechanical damages to the log (defects) reached 39.2% of the total reject volume. Crookedness of logs was the second most non-permissible defect, which amounted to 18.9% of the total reject volume. Processing defects such as unprocessed branches amounted to 9.9% of total reject volume. Dimension incompliance, namely, undersize diameter (thinning) and short-length log (bolt) amounted to 7.7% and 3.2% correspondingly. Length incompliance was 5.2%. Thus, the high reject rate during harvesting is caused by technical, technological and management factors.
Study of reforestation after cuttings based on materials of open web-mapping services
Authors: Vagizov M R , Mihailova A A , Fetisova A A , Habirova A I , Vaisero O S
Published: September 2019

The article considers the possibility of application of open cartographic materials for the analysis of reforestation on the territory of Sosnovsky subdivision of forest district in Priozersky district of the Leningrad region, after felling with a limitation of more than 15 years. With the increase in the pace of technological development, there is an annual increase in the natural resources of our planet and the consumption of wood resources, reforestation is a necessary part of the work after felling on the lands of the forest fund. However, studies based on the analysis of Earth remote sensing data allow us to conclude that there is no quality reforestation of forest land.
Vibration processes in the knife refining machines
Authors: Vikharev S N
Published: September 2019

An object of research is a vibration of the stator of the knife refining machines and its interrelation with the factors which influences the course of refining among them are technical condition of a plate and change of characteristics of the ground material. The diagnostic model of process of refining is developed and positively approved. The new method of determination of degree of wear of the refining plate of refiners is offered. The new method of management of functioning of the knife refining machines is developed. It is shown that management of work on this indirect indicator is not worse, than the management based on the earlier known diagnostic signs of refiners functioning. The developed method of management is indispensible for the refiners with stepwise regulation of a gap, in a disk-conic refiners and in a dual refiners. Realization of this method under production conditions showed stable characteristics of a gain in degree of refining of a semi-finished fibrous product and decrease in specific power consumption during refining. The developed methods can be used in other branches of industry, for example, mining and metallurgy.
Research of a fibrous layer at refining in the refiners
Authors: Vikharev S
Published: September 2019

A subject of research – a fibrous layer in the refiners at refining. By means of the tension compression chart it is shown that parameters of a fibrous layer are adequately described by Maxwell-Thompson’s model for liquid friction and the Hooke model for boundary friction of a plate. Deborah’s number of a fibrous layer is also investigated. Deborah’s number of a fibrous layer at refining changes in the range from 7 to 2.1·106 and depends on a nature and concentration of the refining material, the angle of knife crossing, the frequency of rotation of rotor and width of the platform of contact. For decrease in power consumption at refining both chips and pulp of high concentration it is recommended to increase the speed of sliding of knife of rotor along stator knife. It is possible to reach by increase in frequency of rotation of rotor and by decrease of an angle of crossing of knife. At refining of pulp of low concentration for decrease in power consumption of refining it is recommended to reduce the frequency of rotation of rotor and to increase the angle of crossing of knife of rotor and stator. At the high density of contact of plate knife in the range from 5 to 106 of Deborah number the deformation component of friction coefficient decreases together with power consumption of refining process.
Quality and quantity of poplar plantations on postagrogenic land Northwest region of Russia
Authors: Zhigunov A V , Danilov D A , Navalikhin S V , Yu Janusz S , Yu Butenko O
Published: September 2019

A study was carried out at the plantations of the genus Populus in the Leningrad Region, formed on lands previously used in agriculture, on soils underlain by carbonate rocks. It is noted that in the studied stands, stem phytomass is produced, exceeding the natural aspen forests in the studied area. Minor damage by stem rot is noted only in the fragrant poplar forest. An increase in the initial density of forests increases the density of poplar wood, but reduces the total stock of the stand and stem phytomass. The conducted studies have shown the promise of growingFirst sections in your paper.
A Novel Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method for MMCs with Less Computation and Lower Switching Frequency
Authors: Gou Xin , Lu Jiping , Deng Wenling
Published: September 2019

Aiming at the computation complexity and high switching frequency existing in conventional voltage balancing method of high-level modular multilevel converters (MMCs), a novel capacitor voltage balancing method based on insertion priorities of sub-modules (SMs) is proposed. Instead of sorting the voltage values of SMs, an Allowable Capacitor Voltage Distribution Band (ACVDB) is applied to constrain the fluctuation range of capacitor voltages. And the insertion priorities of SMs in current control cycle are determined by comparing their voltage values in last control cycle with the upper and lower limits of ACVDB respectively. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by a 41-level MMC model in MATLAB/Simulink R2017a. Simulation results demonstrate that the switching frequency can be reduced significantly with an allowable deviation of capacitor voltages in both steady state and transient process.
An advanced incremental conductance MPPT technique considering time-varying solar irradiances
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Yu Samson Shenglong , Chau Tat Kei , Fernando Tyrone , Iu Herbert Ho-Ching
Published: September 2019

For most of Maximum Power Point (MPP) Tracking (MPPT) techniques, their design principle are based only on output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) panel under steady state, i.e., under constant solar irradiance. Because this steady state output characteristics do not describe how the operating point moves between different I-V curves under dynamic state, i.e., under varying solar irradiance, it inevitably results in poor dynamic performances or wrong perturbations. Focusing on this issue, in this paper, we propose the concepts of output characteristics of PV system which consist of two parts: output characteristics of PV system under steady state and output characteristics of PV system under dynamic state. Building on the output characteristics of PV system under two states, the widely used Incremental Conductance (Inc.Cond) technique is modified. Through simulation studies and the conventional Inc.Cond technique, the proposed advanced Inc.Cond technique retains good performances under steady state; under dynamic operation states, the MPPT performances are significantly improved.
Outset of multiple soliton solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the coupled Burgers equation
Authors: Akbar M Ali , Ali Norhashidah Hj Mohd , Tanjim Tasnim
Published: September 2019

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation and the coupled Burgers equation illustrate the status of quantum particles, shock waves, acoustic transmission and traffic flow. Therefore these equations are physically significant in their own right. In this article, the new auxiliary equation method has been contrivanced in order to rummage exact wave solutions to previously stated nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs). We have developed ample soliton solutions and have to do with the physical importance of the acquired solutions by setting the specific values of the embodied parameters through portraying figures and deciphered the physical phenomena. It has been established that the executed method is powerful, skilled to examine NLEEs, compatible to computer algebra and provides further general wave solutions. Thus, the investigation of exact solutions to other NLEES through the new auxiliary method is prospective and deserves further research.
Application of Different Standard Error Estimates in Reliable Change Methods
Authors: Hammers Dustin B , Duff Kevin
Published: September 2019

Objective

This study attempted to clarify the applicability of standard error (SE) terms in clinical research when examining the impact of short-term practice effects on cognitive performance via reliable change methodology.

Method

This study compared McSweeney’s SE of the estimate (SEest) to Crawford and Howell’s SE for prediction of the regression (SEpred) using a developmental sample of 167 participants with either normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) assessed twice over 1 week. One-week practice effects in older adults: Tools for assessing cognitive change. Using these SEs, previously published standardized regression-based (SRB) reliable change prediction equations were then applied to an independent sample of 143 participants with MCI.

Results

This clinical developmental sample yielded nearly identical SE values (e.g., 3.697 vs. 3.719 for HVLT-R Total Recall SEest and SEpred, respectively), and the resultant SRB-based discrepancy z scores were comparable and strongly correlated (r = 1.0, p < .001). Consequently, observed follow-up scores for our sample with MCI were consistently below expectation compared to predictions based on Duff’s SRB algorithms.

Conclusions

These results appear to replicate and extend previous work showing that the calculation of the SEest and SEpred from a clinical sample of cognitively intact and MCI participants yields similar values and can be incorporated into SRB reliable change statistics with comparable results. As a result, neuropsychologists utilizing reliable change methods in research investigation (or clinical practice) should carefully balance mathematical accuracy and ease of use, among other factors, when determining which SE metric to use.