bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complex network analysis for early detection of failure mechanisms in resilient bio-structures
Authors: Patel Reena
Published: June 2021

Bio-structures owe their remarkable mechanical properties to their hierarchical geometrical arrangement as well as heterogeneous material properties. This dissertation presents an integrated, interdisciplinary approach that employs computational mechanics combined with flow network analysis to gain fundamental insights into the failure mechanisms of high performance, light-weight, structured composites by examining the stress flow patterns formed in the nascent stages of loading for the rostrum of the paddlefish. The data required for the flow network analysis was generated from the finite element analysis of the rostrum. The flow network was weighted based on the parameter of interest, which is stress in the current study. The changing kinematics of the structural system was provided as input to the algorithm that computes the minimum-cut of the flow network. The proposed approach was verified using two classical problems three- and four-point bending of a simply-supported concrete beam. The current study also addresses the methodology used to prepare data in an appropriate format for a seamless transition from finite element binary database files to the abstract mathematical domain needed for the network flow analysis. A robust, platform-independent procedure was developed that efficiently handles the large datasets produced by the finite element simulations. Results from computational mechanics using Abaqus and complex network analysis are presented.
Evolution Mechanism of Differential Diagenesis Combination and Its Effect on the Reservoir Quality in the Tight Sandstone: A Case from the Lower Shihezi Formation in the Hangjinqi Area of Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Cao Tongsheng , Tan Xianfeng , Luo Long , Tian Jingchun , Tan Dongping , Zhou Huanhuan , Zha Xiaojun , Wang Jia , Gao Xuanbo , Zhu Chaobin , Mo Songyu , Li Shengyu , Jiang Nan
Published: June 2021

The physical property heterogeneity of tight sandstones was mainly caused by complex alteration of various diagenesis combinations during burial process. However, diagenetic evolution of different diagenesis combinations which generally result in the strong difference and heterogeneity of physical property and pore structure is rarely well understood. The Middle Permian lower Shihezi Formation is one of the most important tight gas sandstone reservoirs in the Hangjinqi area of Ordos Basin, China. The reservoir heterogeneity of lower Shihezi Formation, which was caused by the differential diagenesis combination, is crucial to efficient exploration and development. Evolution mechanism of differential diagenesis combination and its effect on the reservoir quality in the tight lower Shihezi Formation sandstone in the Hangjinqi area of Ordos Basin was investigated by means of thin-section description, cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions. The lower Shihezi Formation sandstones can be divided into four diagenesis combination types according to the reservoir characteristics and diagenetic relationship. The main diagenetic sequence was mechanical compaction-chlorite rim-early pore-filling calcite cementation-dissolution-authigenic kaolinite-quartz cementation-late calcite cementation. Differential diagenesis combination was mainly controlled by the petrological characteristics, microfacies, and fault. Low content of rock fragment and high content of detrital quartz were beneficial to the compaction resistance and cementation. The moderate content of pore-filling calcite was conducive to pore space protection and feldspar dissolution. The faults control dissolution and differential diagenesis combination by influencing the migration of acid fluids. Moderate compaction-moderate cementation-moderate dissolution type (BBB type) and weak compaction-moderate cementation-strong dissolution type (CBA type) were in favour of high-quality reservoir development.
Simulation Study Investigating the Impact of Carbon Dioxide Foam Fracturing Fluids on Proppant Transport
Authors: Elturki Mukhtar , McElroy Phillip D. , Li Dian , Kablan Ahmed , Shaglouf Hasan
Published: June 2021

Production from unconventional reservoirs using hydraulic fractured wells has recently gained much attention due to its ability to increase recovery to high percentages. The placement of proppant in fractures plays a significant role in conductivity of fractures and well productivity. Here, we aimed to elucidate some basic concepts of the technique using FracPro simulator. FracPro and hydraulic fracturing consist of many design parameters that effect the results of the stimulation process. Of the many parameters that exist, three were focused on in this paper: proppant transport, the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) foam fracturing fluid, and the use of low specific weight versus higher specific weight. FracPro was also used to simulate the results of using a low specific gravity value of 1.9, a medium value of 2.7, and a high value of 3.5. The concentration of CO2 was also varied in each condition; concentrations of 30, 50, and 70% were used. After running investigating these scenarios, some unexpected results were obtained. Notably, a lower specific gravity should produce a longer effective proppant length; however, our data indicates shows the opposite.
Unloading Frac Hits in Gas Wells: How Does the Nitrogen Injection Rate and Pressure Affect the Unloading Process?
Authors: Cedeno Miguel Angel
Published: June 2021

The unconventional resources development has grown tremendously as a result of the advancement in horizontal drilling technology coupled with hydraulic fracturing. However, as more wells are drilled and fractured close to each other, frac hits have become a major challenge in these wells. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of nitrogen injection flow rate and pressure on unloading frac hits gas wells in transient multiphase flow. A numerical simulation model was created using a transient multiphase flow simulator to mimic the unloading process of frac hits by injecting nitrogen from the surface through the annulus section of the well. Many simulation cases were created and analyzed to comprehend the effect of the nitrogen injection rate and pressure on the unloading of frac hits. The model mimicked real field data from currently active well in the Eagle Ford Shale. The results showed that as the nitrogen injection pressure increases, the nitrogen volume and the time to unload the frac hits decrease. On the other hand, increasing the injection rate of nitrogen will increase the nitrogen volume required to unload the frac hits. In addition, the time to unload frac hits will be decreased as the nitrogen injection rate increases. These results indicate that the time required to unload frac hits will be minimized if higher flow rates of nitrogen were utilized. Nonetheless, the volume of nitrogen required to unload the frac hits will be maximized. An important observation to highlight is that the operators can save money by reducing the time for injecting nitrogen. This observation was verified when increasing the injection pressure in the frac hit well in the Eagle Ford Shale, the time of injection was reduced 20%. This study presents the effects of nitrogen injection flow rate and injection pressure for unloading frac hits in gas wells. Due to the lack of published studies about this topic, this work can serve as a practical guideline for unloading frac hits in gas wells.
Maximising Infill Well Oil Recovery with 4D Seismic and Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Daramola Babalola
Published: June 2021

This publication presents how 4D seismic and reservoir simulation techniques were used to optimise the trajectory of an infill production well in a producing oil field. The A6 infill well target in Field X offshore Nigeria was planned as a 12000 feet horizontal drill well with a 4900 feet gravel pack completion in the reservoir formation. The initial well trajectory delivered early water breakthrough and low oil recovery. The well planning team resolved the issue by reconciling the well trajectory and completion data in the geologic and reservoir simulation models, and used 4D seismic difference maps to validate the infill drilling target. Alternative well trajectories were then simulated to improve reservoir penetration and to place the well up-structure and away from the current oil water contact.

The optimised well trajectory increased the incremental oil recovery from 1.8 MMSTB to 3.0 MMSTB, and significantly boosted the project economics. The well came online in 2016, and delivered higher oil rates than the forecast. 4D seismic and reservoir simulation techniques optimised the infill well trajectory, delayed water breakthrough, and maximised oil recovery. Nearby wells can be shut in during drilling operations to minimise the risk of drilling losses and well integrity failures. Oil asset net present value can also be preserved and boosted with water injection performance monitoring, zonal testing, short circuit diagnosis and remediation, and water shut off work-overs. This paper presents a case study of an infill production well placement optimised with 4D seismic and reservoir simulation tools, and simplifies the infill well placement value creation process.
Investigation on the Absorption Bands Around 3.3 μm in CRISM Data
Authors: Manzari Paola , Marzo Cosimo , Ammannito Eleonora
Published: June 2021

While analyzing NIR-IR CRISM data on a site in Oxia Planum area, in the view of the ExoMars2022 mission, absorptions around 3.3 µm were noted in some pixel spectra. Absorptions in the range 3.1–3.6 mm are under the spotlight in planetary contexts since hydrocarbons molecules show bands in this range. Consequently, we started to search eventual hydrocarbon compounds on Mars surface, using CRISM data in the range 3.2–3.4 mm. To date, methane has been the unique hydrocarbon detected on Mars. Like other hydrocarbons, methane shows absorptions around 3.3 mm. Hence, we begun the investigation on CRISM data, on that locations where methane was detected and where it could form on the basis of the mineralogy of the specific site. The datasets chosen for this study include some sites of observations in Oxia Planum area, Gale Crater and Nili Fossae area. Beside the study of CRISM IR data, in the event that some observed absorptions were related to methane, we tried to calculate a theoretical lower limit of detection for each observation in CRISM data. This was performed using the Planetary Spectrum Generator, simulating the CRISM spectra of the different sites, with the diverse concentrations of CH4. These simulations served to establish the relation between concentration and methane band depths, as seen by CRISM spectrometer. Then, mapping the Modified Gaussian Model (MGM) fit on CRISM data, we extracted the band parameters of the absorptions in the 3.3 µm spectral region. Aside rare, suspected absorptions, an artifact was highlighted. Therefore, we took measures to avoid, as more as possible, this artifact from the interpretation of the 3.3 mm absorptions: distribution of clusters of pixels not vertically stacked and a rather conservative threshold on depth value. As result, we found interesting clusters of pixels which spectra overcome the imposed threshold. Furthermore, the threshold value varies from one observation to another, in a range between 0.0136–0.0237, that would correspond to a range of theoretical lower limits of concentration between 180 and 600 ppbv. Despite all the precautions, we consider that part of these absorptions could still be an artifact. Nevertheless, the aim of this paper is to show that CRISM data can show theoretically absorptions of hydrocarbons, and methane, in such quantities that in some observations are compatible with the order of the methane spikes effectively detected on Mars. Even if this work does not confirm nor deny the occurrences of methane seepages or hydrocarbons in the investigated images, it shows a possible method for searching hydrocarbons in CRISM data and for assessing a confidence limit in the detection methane band in CRISM data.
Estimating carbon storage potential of fallow weeds in rice cropping systems
Authors: Huang Min , Chen Ge , Cao Fangbo , Chen Jiana
Published: June 2021

Weeds occurred during the fallow season can well perform the function of carbon (C) storage due to receiving little human disturbance. This study aimed to evaluate the C storage potential of fallow weeds in rice cropping systems. A six-region, two-year on-farm investigation and a three-year tillage experiment were conducted to estimate C storage in fallow weeds in rice cropping systems. The on-farm investigation showed that the average mean C storage in fallow weeds across six regions and two years reached 112 g m–2. The tillage experiment indicated that no-tillage practices increased C storage in fallow weeds by 80% on average as compared with conventional tillage. The results of this study not only contribute to an understanding of C storage potential of fallow weeds in rice cropping systems, but also provide a reference for including fallow weeds in the estimation of vegetative C sink. Further investigations are required to determine the effect of C input from fallow weeds on C balance of rice paddies in order to comprehensively evaluate the role of fallow weeds in C cycling in rice cropping systems.
Automatic locking of a parametrically resonating, base excited, nonlinear beam
Authors: Bucher Izhak , Shaya Nir Ben , Dolev Amit
Published: June 2021

Presented is a closed-loop, phase control scheme of a parametrically excited nonlinear structure, capable of stabilizing open-loop unstable solutions while automatically locking onto a desired point on any solution branch. Axially driven slender beams develop large transverse vibration under suitable amplitude and precise frequency base-excitation. The latter can induce parametric excitation along with a nonlinear response. The phase-lag of the 2:1 response over the excitation serves as a tunable parameter affecting the operating point of steady vibrations of a limit cycle. The operating point is tuned to exhibit great sensitivity to small interaction forces thus paving the way towards an ultrasensitive sensor. The paper analyzes the behavior of the mentioned configuration using asymptotic analysis, numerical simulations and an experimental system. Detailed analysis of the dynamical behavior, experimental verifications and demonstrations shed light on some features of the system dynamics.
Study Protocol of an Open Labelled Randomised Controlled Trial of Perioperative Oral Nutrition Supplement in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery
Authors: Wong Ting Xuan , Chen Seong Ting , Ong Shu Hwa , Shyam Sangeetha , Palayan Kandasami , Chee Winnie Siew Swee
Published: June 2021

Background: While it is well established that perioperative use of oral nutrition supplement (ONS) improves nutrition status among severely malnourished surgical cancer patients, the evidence requires further substantiation for non-severely malnourished patients with cancer. This protocol paper presents the rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative as well as an extended 3-month postoperative use of ONS on nutritional and clinical outcomes among patients undergoing elective surgery for breast and colorectal cancer. Methods: Patients with primary breast and colorectal cancer undergoing elective surgery are recruited from two tertiary hospitals. Eligible patients are assigned into one of the three intervention arms: i) Group SS will receive ONS in addition to their normal diet up to 14 days preoperatively and postoperatively up to discharge, ii) Group SS-E will receive ONS in addition to their normal diet up to 14 days preoperatively, postoperatively up to discharge and for an extended 3 months after discharge and iii) Group DS will receive ONS in addition to their normal diet postoperatively up to discharge from the hospital. The ONS is a standard formula fortified with lactium to aid in sleep for recovery. The primary endpoints include changes in weight, body mass index (BMI), serum albumin and prealbumin levels, while secondary endpoints are body composition (muscle and fat mass), muscle strength (handgrip strength), energy and protein intake, sleep quality, haemoglobin, inflammatory markers (transferrin, Hs-CRP, interleukin-6), stress marker (saliva cortisol), length of hospital stay and postoperative complication rate. Discussion: This trial is expected to provide evidence on whether perioperative supplementation in breast and colorectal cancer patients presenting with high BMI and not severely malnourished but undergoing the stress of surgery, would be beneficial in terms of nutritional, and clinical outcomes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov with the identifier: NCT04400552. Registered on 22 May 2020, retrospectively registered.
Effects of Probiotic Mixture Supplementation and Evaluation of Intestinal Mucosal Tolerance and Gut Microbiome in Newborns with Perinatal Asphyxia Receiving Hypothermic Treatment: A Randomized, Multicentric, Blinded, Controlled TRIAL (VISNAT)
Authors: Baldassarre Maria Elisabetta , Panza Raffaella , Mauro Antonio Di , Fanelli Margherita , Mastromarino Paola , Scacco Salvatore , Capozza Manuela , Capodiferro Donatella , Laforgia Nicola
Published: June 2021

IntroductionNeonatal encephalopathy is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity for newborns, although hypothermia treatment has improved the prognosis of term newborns with hypoxic-ischemic injury.Recent evidence suggests that one of the crucial but understudied mechanisms of secondary neuronal injury after global hypoxic-ischemic injury is inflammation.Hence, blocking the inflammatory reaction promotes neuroprotection and has a potential for use in the clinical treatment of ischemic brain injury.Many preclinical studies have shown bidirectional interactions between the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting a prominent role for the gut microbiota in these gut-brain interactions. Early human studies suggest that altering the microbiota with beneficial bacteria, or probiotics, can lead to changes in brain function, as well as subjective reports of mood.Methods and analysisThe VISNAT trial is a PILOT STUDY developed according to SPIRIT checklist. It is a randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded, multicentre superiority trial with two parallel groups and a primary outcome of mortality and/or disability at 18 months of age.The experimental intervention will consist in administrating a high-dose multi-strain probiotic (SIVOMIXXTM) for 30 days in addition to hypothermic therapy.Primary outcome will be to compare mortality and/or disability at 18 month of age between the two groups. Disability will be assessed by means of the Bayley Mental Development Index. Secondary outcomes will be to compare inflammatory cytokines level and brain injury biomarkers (i.e. Tau and neurofilament light protein) between groups.A subgroup analysis will be performed stratifying patients according to both probiotic/placebo treatment and breast/artificial milk.DiscussionProbiotics supplementation represents a simple and reproducible intervention. If proven effective, probiotics supplementation in asphyxiated babies would improve clinical outcomes and reduce health cost. Hence, this study may cast a new light on the management of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Trial registration numberStudy has been registered on clinicaltrials.org on 23rd October 2019 with number NCT04145713. Trial StatusThe present trial (VISNAT Study Version 1.0 - 23 October 2019) has been approved by the Ethics Committees of the coordinator centre “Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari”. Approval from the Ethics Committees of each participating hospital has also been requested. Enrollment of patients is planned to start in July 2021 and should last approximately 2 years.
Genetic Risk Score for Predicting Schizophrenia Using Human Chromosomal-Scale Length Variation
Authors: Toh Christopher , Brody James P.
Published: June 2021

Studies indicate that schizophrenia has a genetic component, however it cannot be isolated to a single gene. We aimed to determine how well one could predict that a person will develop schizophrenia based on their germ line genetics. We compared 1129 people from the UK Biobank dataset who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia to an equal number of age matched people drawn from the general UK Biobank population. For each person, we constructed a profile consisting of numbers. Each number characterized the length of segments of chromosomes. We tested several machine learning algorithms to determine which was most effective in predicting schizophrenia and if any improvement in prediction occurs by breaking the chromosomes into smaller chunks. We found that the stacked ensemble, performed best with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.545 (95% CI 0.539-0.550). We noted an increase in the AUC by breaking the chromosomes into smaller chunks for analysis. Using SHAP values, we identified the X chromosome as the most important contributor to the predictive model. We conclude that germ line chromosomal scale length variation data could provide an effective genetic risk score for schizophrenia which performs better than chance.
What is the difference in pedicle morphology of the fifth lumbar vertebra between isthmic and degenerative L5-S1 spondylolisthesis? An anatomic study of 328 patients via multi-slice spiral computed tomography
Authors: Tang Chao , Liao Ye Hui , Tang Qiang , Ma Fei , Wang Qing , Zhong DeJun
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate and determine whether there are differences in L5 pedicles morphology between isthmic and degenerative L5-S1 spondylolisthesis.
Methods

One hundred and nineteen patients with isthmic spondylolisthesis and 45 patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis at L5-S1 were enrolled in the IS group and DS group, respectively, and 164 lumbar disc herniation patients without spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis were classified into the normal (NL) group. A series of pedicle parameters of the fifth lumbar vertebra, including pedicle length (PL), pedicle width (PW), pedicle screw trajectory length (PSTL), pedicle height (PH), and the pedicle camber angle (PCA) were measured using multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT). The slip distance of the L5 vertebra was measured on radiography, and the percentage of slip was also recorded.
Results

The pedicles of the fifth lumbar vertebra were shorter and wider, and the PCA was larger in the IS group compared to the DS group and NL group. On the contrary, the pedicles in the DS group were elongated and thinner, and the PCA was smaller. The pedicle parameters of PL were significantly positively correlated with the percentage of slip in the DS group, but PW and PCA were negatively correlated with the percentage of slip. There was no correlation between the percentage of slip and L5 pedicle parameters in the IS group.
Conclusions

The L5 pedicles morphology in L5-S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis shows abduction, shortness, and width, while that in the degenerative spondylolisthesis shows adduction, lengthening, and thinning compared with the normal populations. The morphology changes may be the result of pedicle stress remodeling in the development of spondylolisthesis, which should be taken into consideration when placing at the insertion of pedicle screws.
In Silico Identification of Potential Therapeutic Agents for COVID-19 Based on Molecular Docking Study of Main Protease and Receptor Binding Domain of Spike Protein.
Authors: Eskandari Vajiheh
Published: June 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) enter the cell by interacting with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor through the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S-protein. In the cell the viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLp) enzyme is essential for its life cycle and controls coronavirus replication. Therefore the S-RBD and 3CLp are hot targets for drugs discovery against SARS-CoV-2. This study was to identify repurposing drugs using in-silico screening, docking and molecular dynamics simulation. The study identified Dibenzoyl Thiamine, Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 against the RBD of S-protein and Dibenzoyl Thiamine, Folic Acid, Fursultiamine and Riboflavin to 3CLp. The strong and stable binding of these safe and cheap vitamins at the important residues (R403, K417, Y449, Y453, N501 and Y505) in S-protein –ACE2 interface and 3CLp active site residues (His 41 and Cys 145), indicating that they could be valuable repurpose drugs for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 entry into the host and replication.
Efficacy and Safety of Thread Embedding Acupuncture for Facial Expression Muscles Atrophy After Peripheral Facial Paralysis: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yu Binyan , Xuan Lihua , Jin Yutong , Chen Shan , Liu Shan , Wan Yijia
Published: June 2021

Background

Facial expression muscles atrophy is one kind of sequelae after peripheral facial paralysis. It causes critical problems in facial appearance of patient as well as social and psychological problems. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Thread-embedding acupuncture (TEA) for the management of facial expression muscles atrophy after peripheral facial paralysis.
Methods

This is a patient-assessor blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial. A total of 56 eligible patients will be randomly allocated to a TEA group (n = 28) or a sham TEA (STEA) group (n = 28). Both groups will receive TEA or STEA treatment at 2 predefined points once a week for 8 weeks. Additionally, both groups will receive the same acupuncture treatment twice a week for 8 weeks as a concurrent treatment. Changes in facial expression muscle thickness ratio of the affected/healthy side measured by B-mode ultrasonography will be assessed at baseline and at 10 weeks after screening as the primary outcome. Furthermore, the House-Brackmann Grade and lip mobility score will be measured and analyzed as secondary outcomes. Secondary outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 4, 8, 10 and 12 weeks after screening.
Discussion

The study will compare TEA with sham TEA to explore the feasibility for TEA in improving symptoms caused by facial expression muscles atrophy after peripheral facial paralysis.
Trial registration:

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900027170. Registered on 3 November 2019, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=45173&htm=4
Effects of Integrative Medicine on The Post-Stroke Cognitive Impairment (PSCI) Patients: A Study Protocol for A Randomized Multicentric Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Xinyun , He Kelin , Wu Lei , Zheng Weijun , Luo Kaitao , Li Liping , Zan Daowei , Ni Fengjia , Ma Ruijie , Ni Fengjia
Published: June 2021

Background

Due to limitation of rehabilitation in cognitive impairment after stroke, as the main parts of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and herbs have their advantage effect in clinical practice for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Therefore, forming a standardized and propagable TCM project of PSCI becomes necessary. This trail will solve the above problem.
Methods

In total, 126 stroke patients will be recruited from the inpatient and outpatient departments of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou, China), Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine to participate in this study with randomization. All participants will continue to receive basic treatment and cognitive function regular training, while successive 12 weeks of acupuncture and herbs will be provided to patients assigned to the integrative medicine group. Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA), mini-mental state examination, activity of daily living (ADL) score, hamilton depression scale (HAMD), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and RESTing-state functional MRI (RS-fmri) will be used to measure the outcomes.
Discussion

This trial may provide high-quality RCT evidence regarding the clinical effectiveness and safety of acupuncture and herbs for PSCI patient.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT 04596072)
Efficacy and Safety of Modified Bushen Yiqi Formulas(MBYF) as Add-On To Formoterol and Budesonide in The Management of COPD: Study Protocol for A Multi-Center, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Kong Qing , Cao Yuxue , Gao Zhen , Sun Jing , Zhang Hongying , Du Yijie , Lv Yubao , Zhou Sihan , Tang Zihui , Liu Baojun , Dong Jingcheng
Published: June 2021

Introduction Inhaled glucocorticoid Corticosteroids(ICS), long-acting β2-adrenoceptor agonists(LABA)and other drugs have limited therapeutic effects on COPD with significant individual differences. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) modified Bushen Yiqi formulas༈MBYF༉demonstrates advantages in COPD management in China. This study aims to confirm the related genes affecting the therapeutic effect in the treatment of COPD and evaluate the efficacy and safety of MBYF as an add-on to budesonide/ formoterol on COPD patients. Methods and analysis In this multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study, eligible patients with COPD will randomly receive 360-day placebo or MBYF as an add-on to budesonide/ formoterol in 1:1 ratio, and followed-up bimonthly. The primary outcomes are frequency, times and severity of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), COPD assessment test (CAT) score, pulmonary function tests(PFTs). The secondary outcomes include the modified medical research council (mMRC) dyspnea scale、six minutes walking test (6MWT)、BODE index、quantitative scores of TCM syndrome、inflammation indexes and hypothalamic pituitary adrenaline (HPA) axis function. We also test the genotype to find the relationship between drugs and efficacy. All the data will be recorded in case report forms(CRFs) and analyzed by SPSS V.20.0. Trial registration number ChiCTR1900026124, Prospective registration. Protocol version 2019-09-15
Randomized Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and S-1 Combination Therapy Versus Gemcitabine and Nanoparticle Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel Combination Therapy in Locally Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC-GS/GA-rP2, CSGO-HBP-015)
Authors: Yamada Daisaku , Kobayashi Shogo , Takahashi Hidenori , Akita Hirofumi , Yamada Terumasa , Asaoka Tadafumi , Shimizu Junzo , Takeda Yutaka , Yokoyama Shigekazu , Tsujie Masanori , Tomokuni Akira , Tanemura Masahiro , Morimoto Osakuni , Murakami Masahiro , Kim Yongkook , Nakahira Shin , Hama Naoki , Sugimoto Keishi , Hashimoto Kazuhiko , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi
Published: June 2021

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease, and multimodal strategies, such as surgery plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)/adjuvant chemotherapy, have been attempted to improve survival in patients with localized PDAC. To date, there is one prospective study providing evidence for the superiority of a neoadjuvant strategy over upfront surgery for localized PDAC. However, which NAC regimen is optimal remains unclear.Methods: A randomized, exploratory trial was performed to examine the clinical benefits of two chemotherapy regimens, gemcitabine plus S-1 (GS) and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GA), as NAC for patients with planned PDAC resection. Patients were enrolled after the diagnosis of resectable or borderline resectable PDAC. They were randomly assigned to either NAC regimen. Adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection was highly recommended for 6 months in both arms. The primary endpoint was tumor progression-free survival time, and secondary endpoints included the rate of curative resection, the completion rate of protocol therapy, the recurrence type, the overall survival time and safety. The target sample size was set as at least 100.Discussion: This study is the first randomized phase II study comparing GS combination therapy with GA combination therapy as NAC for localized pancreatic cancer.Trial registration: This trial began in April 2016 and was registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000021484).
The effect of warm contrast medium and other factors in pain assessment of infertile patients during HSG procedure
Authors: Ersak Burak , Tasci Yasemin , Findik Rahime Bedir , Tugrul Duygu , Tokmak Aytekin , Kokanali Mahmut Kuntay
Published: June 2021

Purpose

To compare pain scores of infertile patients during and after hysterosalpingography (HSG) procedure using visual analoge scale (VAS) between cold and warm contrast medium and to investigate whether using warm contrast can alter spontaneous pregnancy rate.
Methods

Prospective randomized study between March-September 2017. Primary infertile patients undergoing HSG procedure. Patients’ age, body mass index(BMI), history of previous surgery, duration of infertility and pain levels during the most painful menstrual period were recorded. The pain severity was questioned during and at the 30th minute after the procedure using VAS. While patients who underwent HSG using a contrast medium at body temperature 37°C were defined as warm group(n:55), patients who underwent HSG using a contrast medium at room temperature 23°C were defined as cold group(n:55).
Results

There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of age, BMI, duration of infertility, previous surgery and VAS during menstruation. The mean duration of HSG of warm group patients was significantly lower(p = 0.001). Warm group patients’ mean VAS score during and 30 minutes after HSG were significantly lower than in the control group ( 5.3 ± 4.2 vs 7.5 ± 2.0), (1.1 ± 0.9 vs 2.4 ± 1.4), respectively. While severe pain percentage during HSG in warm group was %25.5, it was %66.7 in the control group. In logistic regression analysis, warm and cold groups were only found as significant related factors for severe pain felt during procedure(p < 0.001, OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.08–0.46).
Conclusion

The use of contrast media at body temperature during HSG procedure reduces the pain associated with the procedure.
Transcranial DC Stimulation in Patients with Migraine: a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Pimenta Luana Dias Santiago , de Araújo Elidianne Layanne Medeiros , Silva Joyce Poláine dos Santos , França Jamyson Júnior , Brito Pedro Nascimento Araújo , Lopez Luiz Carlos Serramo , Andrade Suellen
Published: June 2021

BackgroundChronic migraine is a disease with a difficult diagnosis and an as yet undefined pathophysiology. Its symptoms affect the quality of life and the daily activities of the individual, leading to momentary disability. This study is a controlled clinical trial of a randomized parallel group that will select patients aged between 18–65 years who are diagnosed with chronic migraine.Methods / DesignThis study will be held at the Aging Studies Laboratory and Neuroscience of the Federal University of Paraíba, where twelve sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and associated with mindfulness practices will be applied over four weeks (one per week). Muse, a portable electroencephalogram (EEG), will be used to measure brain wave biomarkers before and after the intervention. We will use, at the beginning and end of treatment and one month after the completion of any intervention, the score on the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire as the primary outcome and the scores on the HIT-6 (Headache Impact Test) questionnaire and on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-BR) as the secondary outcomes.DiscussionBased on the use of tDCS in patients with chronic pain, and in benefits of Mindfulness practice in these patients, the objective is to evaluate if the mindfulness-associated tD provides satisfactory results in the painful prophylaxis of patients with chronic migraine.Trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, NCT04219345. Registered 16 September 2019. Retrospectively registered.
Xiao Zheng San Jie Granules in the Treatment of Qi Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome in Patients With Diabetic Kidney Disease Stage IV: Protocol for a Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multi-centre Trial
Authors: Ai Sinan , Han Yizhen , Gao Yabin , Wang Yaoxian , Zhou Jingwei , Liu Weijing , Han Xueting , Chen Zhenjie , Liu Qingqing , Chen Weihong , Han Mei , Wang Zhen
Published: June 2021

Introduction Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the primary cause of end-stage renal disease. Routine medication might result in adverse effects which limit their usage. Laboratory studies have shown that Xiao Zheng San Jie (XZSJ) granules is effective in reducing the levels of urinary protein and blood creatinine in rats with DKD. Hence, we aim to conduct a clinical trial to determine the efficacy and safety of XZSJ granules among patients with DKD Stage IV, who present with the syndromes of qi deficiency and blood stasis. The purpose of this paper is to report the methodology of this trial.Methods and analysisThis is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre clinical trial. A total of 72 patients with DKD Stage IV who have the syndromes of qi deficiency and blood stasis will be randomly assigned to either intervention or placebo group. In addition to routine medication, the intervention group will be given XZSJ formula (in granules) and the control group will be given placebo for 12-weeks. Data collected at baseline as well as weeks 4, 8 and 12 will be recorded in case report forms and subsequently entered into EpiData 3.1 electronic database. Adverse events will also be documented. Primary outcomes – estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and serum creatinine – will be assessed after 12 weeks. Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Dongzhimen Hospital (DZMEC-KY-2018-60). Informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Results of this study will be disseminated to the public through academic conferences and peer-reviewed journals.DiscussionThis trial might provide information on an effective method for the treatment of DKD, especially for patients who present with the syndromes of qi deficiency and blood stasis. We hope that this trial will serve as a reference for the conception of high-quality Traditional Chinese Medicine trials in the future, which incorporate syndrome diagnosis into the study design.Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900021391. Registered 18 February 2018, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=36106.
A Mixed-Methods Study of Multi-Level Factors Influencing Mammography Overuse: Implications for De-implementation.
Authors: Austin Jessica D. , Tehranifar Parisa , Rodriguez Carmen B. , Brotzman Laura , Agovino Mariangela , Ziazadeh Danya , Moise Nathalie , Shelton Rachel C.
Published: June 2021

Background

There is growing concern that routine mammography screening is overused among older women. Successful and equitable de-implementation of mammography will require a multi-level understanding of the factors contributing to mammography overuse.
Methods

This explanatory, sequential, mixed-methods study collected survey data (n = 52, 73.1% Hispanic, 73.1% Spanish-speaking) from women ≥ 70 years of age at the time of screening mammography, followed by semi-structured interviews with a subset of older women completing the survey (n = 19, 63.2% Hispanic, 63.2% Spanish-speaking) and providers (n = 5, 4 primary care, 1 obstetrics and gynecology) to better understand multi-level factors influencing mammography overuse and inform potential de-implementation strategies. We conducted descriptive analysis of survey data and content analysis of qualitative interview data. Survey and interview data were examined separately, compared, integrated, and organized according to Norton and Chambers Continuum of Factors Influencing De-Implementation Process.
Results

Survey findings show that 87.2% of older women believe it is important to plan for an annual mammogram, 80.8% received a provider recommendation, and 78.9% received a reminder in the last 12 months to schedule a mammogram. Per interviews with older women, the majority were unaware of or did not experience overuse and intended to continue mammography screening. Findings from interviews with older women and providers suggest that there are multiple opportunities for older women to obtain a mammogram. Per provider interviews, almost all reported that overuse was not viewed as a priority by the system or other providers. Providers also discussed that variation in mammography screening practices across providers, fear of malpractice, and monetary incentives may be reasons for overuse. Providers identified potential strategies including patient and provider education around harms of screening, leveraging the electronic health record to identify women who may no longer benefit from screening, customizing system-generated reminder letters, and organizing workgroups to develop a standard process of care around mammography screening.
Conclusions

Multi-level factors contributing to mammography overuse are dynamic and reinforced. To ensure equitable de-implementation, there is a need for more refined theories, models, and frameworks for de-implementation with a strong patient-level component that considers the interplay between multilevel factors and the larger care delivery process.
Mobile App And Digital System For Patients After Myocardial Infarction (AfterAMI); Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Krzowski Bartosz , Peller Michał , Boszko Maria , Hoffman Paulina , Żurawska Natalia , Jaruga Karolina , Skoczylas Kamila , Osak Gabriela , Kołtowski Łukasz , Grabowski Marcin , Opolski Grzegorz , Balsam Paweł
Published: June 2021

Background: Treatment of acute myocardial infarction has been studied and improved over the past years. However, the initial months after myocardial infarction are crucial from the perspective of the patient's prognosis. It is extremely important to take care of all cardiovascular risk factors.Mobile application ‘afterAMI’ supported by a web system is a novel telemedical tool developed to support patients and physicians during cardiac rehabilitation. The application has an educational model with a focus on cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle after myocardial infarction. Moreover, it offers a module that controls vital signs like blood pressure, heart rate, weight, and many others. Additionally, the application will send reminders for better drug adherence.Methods: A group of 100 patients with myocardial infarction on admission at the 1st Chair and Department and of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, will be recruited into the study. The project aims to assess the impact of the application-supported model of care in comparison with standard rehabilitation. At the end of the study, cardiovascular risk factors will be analysed, along with issues like rehospitalizations, patients' knowledge of risk factors, returning to work, and quality of life. In this prospective, open-label, randomized, single-center study, all 100 patients will be observed for 6 months after discharge from the hospital. Endpoints will be assessed during control visits 1- and 6-months after inclusion into the study.Discussion: This project is an example of a telemedical solution application embracing everyday clinical practices, conforming with multiple international cardiac societies’ guidelines. Cardiac rehabilitation process enhancements are required to improve patients’ prognosis. The evidence regarding the use of the mobile application in the described group of patients is limited and usually covers a small number of participants. The described study aims to discuss whether telemedicine use in this context is beneficial for the patients.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04793425, registered 11 March 2022.
Efficacy And Safety Of 5% Lidocaine Patches For Postoperative Pain Management In Patients Undergoing Unilateral Inguinal Hernia Repair: Study Protocol For A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ahn Hong-min , Oh Heung-Kwon , Kim Duck-Woo , Kang Sung-Bum , Koo Bon-Wook , Lee Pyung-Bok
Published: June 2021

Background: Acute postoperative pain is a common complication of inguinal hernia repair. Pain management using local application of anesthetic agents over the skin surrounding the surgical incision may reduce the requirement for other pain medications. Targeted topical analgesics such as 5% lidocaine patches have been known to improve acute and chronic pain. However, the clinical effect of lidocaine patches on postoperative pain after inguinal hernia repair has not been studied, especially in patients undergoing surgery at day surgery units.Methods/design: This is a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Participants with unilateral inguinal hernia will be randomized to the lidocaine patch group or the placebo patch group. Based on the randomized allocation sequence, either lidocaine patches or placebo patches will be attached near each participant’s surgical wound after open hernia repair under general anesthesia. Participants will be asked to follow-up at our outpatient clinic on the first postoperative day and at one week after surgery. The primary outcome is pain intensity, which will be measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at the time of discharge from the day surgery unit. The secondary outcomes are VAS score at 24 hours and one week after surgery. We will collect and analyze the participants’ clinical data (amount of intraoperative opioid use, time to recovery, and pain intensity at 30 min after surgery) and demographic characteristics (age, sex, body weight, and height).Discussion: This trial may not only provide evidence on the efficacy of a 5% lidocaine patch for acute postoperative pain management after unilateral inguinal hernia repair, but also demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the patch for post-discharge pain management.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04754451 (registered on February 10, 2021). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04754451
Adults' Addictive Behavior Can be Prevented if Parents are Aware.
Authors: v sabapathi , J Selvin paul peter
Published: June 2021

Addiction is characterized as the inability to avoid using a physical drug or engaging in virtual mode behavior. Due to the influence of the situation and surrounding factors, every person performs or engages in some action. This type of behaviour could become addictive if it becomes habit forming. If an action is carried out by unconscious actions, it has the potential to become addictive. A method of calculating operation in relation to an object. If an action is carried out by unconscious actions, it has the potential to become addictive. A method of evaluating behaviour related to an addictive concern that can help determine the presence of addiction. Since the decision to confess to the addiction is unclear. In this regard, tobacco use analysis is an important part of preventing addiction and raising awareness. Tobacco consumption assessment studies in India are urgently needed, and parental care, especially in adults, must be improved to protect them from tobacco and other drug inducing substances. The motivating factor for first-time tobacco use, as well as the effects of smoking, were discovered in this research. The first tobacco, whether smoking or smokeless tobacco, is stimulated by smoking motive influences both directly and indirectly (orally consume).