bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new species of the genus Apolysis (Apolysini, Bombyliidae, Diptera) from the north of Iran
Authors: GHARALI BABAK , KAMALI KARIM , EVENHUIS NEAL , TALEBI ALI ASGHAR
Published: December 2018

Two new species of the genus Apolysis, A. glabrifrons sp. nov. and A. pusilloides sp. nov. are described from the north of Iran. These species belong to a group of eleven Palaearctic species with a closed discal cell. A key for identifying species of Apolysis in Iran is provided. Species of the genus Apolysis with a closed discal cell in Palaearctic region and the presence of a complex of species within it are briefly discussed.
A new eumenine wasp in the genus Pseudodynerus de Saussure (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)
Authors: HERMES MARCEL G.
Published: December 2018

Pseudodynerus garcetei new species is newly described from the Brazilian Amazonia. The color pattern of this species is remarkable, being very similar to that found in the eumenine Montezumia liliacea Gribodo and in the polistine Polybia liliacea (Fabricius). A re-evaluation of the phylogenetic relationships among species of Pseudodynerus is presented, which places P. garcetei as sister to a clade composed of P. subapicalis (Fox), P. carpenteri Hermes & Melo and P. obesus Hermes & Melo. A matrix containing data from the new species and a partial key for its recognition are also provided.
Four new species of the family Diptilomiopidae (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from China
Authors: WANG GUO-QUAN , WEI SUI-GAI , YANG DING
Published: December 2018

Four new species of eriophyoid mites are described and illustrated from China. Three of these species are in the subfamily Rhyncaphytoptinae: Hyborhinus linderae sp. nov. infesting Lindera obtusiloba Blume (Lauraceae); Neocatarhinus dendrocalamus sp. nov. infesting Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro (Poaceae) and Rhinophytoptus tremae sp. nov. infesting Trema cannabina Lour. (Ulmaceae); and one in the subfamily Diptilomiopinae: Vimola emarginata sp. nov. infesting Terminalia sp. (Combretaceae).
Jacekaphorura gen. nov.––a new genus of Protaphorurini (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from mountainous Yakutia, East Siberia
Authors: POMORSKI ROMUALD J. , BABENKO ANATOLY
Published: December 2018

The Siberian fauna of Onychiuridae seems to be rather diverse and only slightly touched by taxonomic works (Martynova 1976; Fjellberg 1987; Pomorski 2001). The vast territory of Yakutia (Sakha Republic) is not an exception. Thus, only 3 of 13 Onychiuridae species collected in 2002 by O. Makarova in upper current of Kyubyume River in the eastern mountainous part of Yakutia could be identified more or less correctly during a primary sorting of material. Up to now some of the others were described by Pomorski & Kaprus’ (2007) and Babenko (2009). Here we present a description of a new species from the same region which can not be placed in any existing genus.
Long-legged cave spiders (Araneae, Telemidae) from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, southwestern China
Authors: LIN YUCHENG , LI SHUQIANG
Published: December 2018

Ten new species of the genus Telema, occurring in caves of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of southwestern China, are described and illustrated. Nine of these, T. bifida sp. nov., T. strentarsi sp. nov., T. spirae sp. nov., T. tortutheca sp. nov., T. spinafemora sp. nov., T. pedati sp. nov., T. conglobare sp. nov., T. guihua sp. nov. and T. vesiculata sp. nov., have the typical troglobiotic characters, i.e., no eyes, long legs and setae, pale somatic coloration, and without pigment pattern. Another species, T. auricoma sp. nov., found in several caves, may be a troglomorphic species, has relatively short legs, six eyes, and brightly pigmented body. Nine known Telema species occurring in caves of this region are also briefly reported. The key to species was provided. Diversity of cave-dwelling telemid spiders in this region was discussed.
Unravelling the underestimated diversity of Philippine water monitor lizards (Squamata: Varanus salvator complex), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies
Authors: KOCH ANDRÉ , GAULKE MAREN , BÖHME WOLFGANG
Published: December 2018

Recently, the first part of the morphological revision of the Southeast Asian water monitor lizards of the Varanus salvator (Laurenti, 1768) species group provided a taxonomic overview over the members of this successful and widespread species complex (Koch et al. 2007). There, the Philippine taxa marmoratus, nuchalis and cumingi were reelevated to species status due to diagnostic morphological characteristics, e.g. significantly enlarged scales on the neck region. In this second part of the ongoing revision, these three species are re-investigated using additional voucher specimens and advanced statistical techniques including canonical variates analysis and principal component analysis. Our new investigations indicate that V. marmoratus represents a composite species, comprising at least three distinct taxa. Hence, the populations of the Sulu Archipelago (Tawi–Tawi Island) and those of the Palawan region are described as new species, viz. Varanus rasmusseni sp. nov. and V. palawanensis sp. nov., respectively. The allopatric island populations of V. cumingi inhabiting Samar, Leyte, and Bohol (the East Visayan subregion) show characteristic and geographically correlated colour patterns distinct from the type locality Mindanao (the second subregion of Greater Mindanao), warranting subspecific partition of this species. The new subspecies is named V. cumingi samarensis ssp. nov. In contrast, the taxonomic status of V. nuchalis remained unchanged, although this species shows some considerable variation in colour pattern. The systematic chapters are supplemented with notes about biology and conservation status. The hitherto underestimated diversity and zoogeography of Philippine water monitors is discussed in the light of Pleistocene sea level fluctuations. Finally, we introduce a scenario for the evolution and spread of Southeast Asian water monitor lizards and provide an identification key for the Philippine members of the V. salvator complex.
Octoglena claraqua, n. sp. (Polyzoniida: Hirudisomatidae), a new milliped from Idaho, USA; first record of the order from the western interior of North America
Authors: SHELLEY ROWLAND M. , RICHART CASEY H. , BOGAN ARTHUR E.
Published: December 2018

The milliped family Hirudisomatidae (Polyzoniida) comprises two genera in the Western Hemisphere and North America – Octoglena Wood, 1864, and Mexiconium Shelley, 1996 – and seven species, one being a new species from Idaho, the first hirudisomatid from the western interior, represented solely by an adult male. It is unique in its banded color pattern, recumbent gonopodal orientation in situ, upright anterior gonopod podomeres relative to the sternum, and the calyx configuration of the ultimate article. Despite these features, provisional assignment to Octoglena is warranted pending more material and review of all familial components under high magnification, preferably SEM. A full description is provided for O. claraqua, n. sp., along with a key to familial components in the Western Hemisphere, new locality records, and a distribution map.
A new species of Chama (Bivalvia, Chamidae) from Mexico
Authors: VALENTICH-SCOTT PAUL , COAN EUGENE V.
Published: December 2018

While preparing a review of the bivalve mollusk fauna of the Panamic Province, we encountered a conspicuous, colorful species of the genus Chama Linnaeus, 1758, that could not be identified with any named species. After examining type specimens at The Natural History Museum, London (BMNH), the United States National Museum of Natural History (USNM), the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia (ANSP), the California Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM), and the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History (SBMNH), we have concluded that this species is new to science.
The smallest terrestrial vertebrate of Ecuador: A new frog of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia: Strabomantidae) from the Cordillera del Cóndor
Authors: TERÁN-VALDEZ ANDREA , GUAYASAMIN JUAN M.
Published: December 2018

We describe a new species of Pristimantis characterized by its diminutive size (maximum SVL in males 13.7 mm; n = 46), dorsum smooth to slightly shagreen, finger and toe pads expanded, and red iris with thin black reticulation. The species is the smallest terrestrial vertebrate recorded in Ecuador, and the smallest species in the diverse genus Pristimantis. The osteological traits of the new species are similar to those found in other Pristimantis species, and no elements are lost because of miniaturization. The new species is only known from two close localities in Cordillera del Cóndor, Provincia Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador.
Review of the Barcinus-complex with description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aradidae)
Authors: HEISS E.
Published: December 2018

This paper deals with the revision of the flat bug genus Barcinus Stål 1873 recorded from the Oriental–Papuan Region. Newly available additional material and biogeographical considerations allowed the distinction of discrete species groups, which—in addition to the type genus Barcinus—are defined and proposed as Heterobarcinus n. gen., Papuabarcinus n. gen. and Brachybarcinus n. gen. The genus Barcinus remains monotypic, with the species horridus Stål 1873. To Heterobarcinus n. gen. is assigned the species bhoutanensis (Usinger & Matsuda 1959), kormilevi (Bai, Heiss & Cai 2006), schaeferi n. sp. (China, Fujian) and minor n. sp. (China, Yunnan). The genus Papuabarcinus n. gen. contains the species ceramensis (Usinger & Matsuda 1959), laminiferus (Walker 1873), papuensis (Usinger & Matsuda 1959), productus (Usinger & Matsuda 1959), truncatus (Kormilev 1955), riedeli n. sp. and intermedius n. sp. (both from Irian Jaya). For vietnamensis n. sp. (Vietnam, Southern China), secundus n. sp. (China, Fujian, Guangxi) and baianus n. sp. (China Yunnan) the new genus Brachybarcinus n. gen. is erected. All species are illustrated and are keyed.
Two new species of Seira (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Brazilian coast
Authors: BELLINI BRUNO CAVALCANTE , FERNANDES LILIANE HENRIQUES , ZEPPELINI DOUGLAS
Published: December 2018

Two new species of Seira Lubbock (Entomobryidae), S. praiana sp. nov. and S. potiguara sp. nov., are described and illustrated. Both species were collected on Brazilian coast. S. praiana sp. nov. has some similarities with S. americana Jacquemart and S. nunezae Christiansen & Bellinger while S. potiguara sp. nov. resembles S. brasiliana (Arlé) and S. proannulata (Bonet) in some aspects of the dorsal distribution of the macrochaetae. Seira is a very specious genus in Brazil, and with the addition of S. praiana sp. nov. and S. potiguara sp. nov., the number of recorded species for the country increase to 24.
A key to the genera of Tropidocephalini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) of China with description of Mucillnata rava, new genus and species
Authors: QIN DAO-ZHENG , ZHANG YA-LIN
Published: December 2018

A new planthopper genus, Mucillnata, is established with a new species, Mucillnata rava sp. nov. as the type species, in the tribe Tropidocephalini, subfamily Delphacinae from southern China. A key to the known genera of the tribe from China is also provided and the differences between the new genus and closely related genera are discussed.
Boreathelphusa, a replacement name for Boreas Cumberlidge and Sternberg, 2002 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamonautidae), preoccupied by Boreas Morris, 1980 (Bryozoa: Hippothoidae)
Authors: CUMBERLIDGE NEIL
Published: December 2018

Morris (1980: 9) established a new monotypic bryozoan genus Boreas, for Boreas voighti (family Hippothoidae), a fossil species from the Upper Campanian in Sweden. Cumberlidge and Sternberg (2002) independently established a new brachyuran genus, Boreas, for a new species, Boreas uglowi Sternberg & Cumberlidge, 2002 (Potamonautidae), from northern Madagascar. The genus remains monotypic.
Cladistic analysis of Abracrini genera (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Ommatolampinae)
Authors: DA COSTA MARIA KÁTIA MATIOTTI , CARVALHO GERVÁSIO SILVA , FONTANETTI CARMEM SILVIA
Published: December 2018

A cladistic analysis using 50 characters and 21 genera of the Neotropical tribe Abracrini was performed in order to test the monophyly of the tribe and to reconstruct a phylogenetic hypothesis. Abracrini is supported by three synapomorphies: penultimate article of maxillary palps unflattened; second segment of hind tarsi short and internal apophysis of cerci vestigial. The analysis demonstrates that Abracrini is a monophyletic tribe, as well as a relationship among its genera was (Psiloscirtus splendidus (((Parasitalces sexnotata + Sitalces volxemi) (Arimacris trinitatis (Caruaruacris bivittatus + Salvadoracris nigritus))) (((Eusitalces vittatus + Liebermannacris dorsualis) (Monneacris fascipes (Robustusacris balzapambae (Xiphiola borellii (Eujivarus fusiformis + Roppacris griseipes))))) (((Omalotettix obliquus + Orthoscapheus coryaceus) (Abracris dilecta + Jodacris ferruginea)) (Teinophaus saussurei (Rhachicreagra nothra (Agesander ruficornis + Ixalotettix compactus))))))). Further data on biogeography and a distribution map are provided.
A description of a larva of Ancyrona diversa Pic, 1921 and its phylogenetic implications (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae)
Authors: KOLIBÁČ JIŘÍ , ZAITSEV ARTEM A.
Published: December 2018

A larva of Ancyrona diversa Pic, 1921 (Coleoptera: Trogossitidae) associated with adults is described in detail. Its morphological features are compared with known larvae of the tribe Lophocaterini and the subfamilies Trogossitinae and Peltinae. Phylogenetic and systematic implications are discussed. A resurrection of the subfamily name Lophocaterinae is suggested for the trogossitid tribes Decamerini, Lophocaterini and Ancyronini.
A taxonomic study of the genus Midoria Kato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae), with descriptions of two new species from China
Authors: LI YUJIAN , LI ZIZHONG
Published: December 2018

The paper deals with eight species of the genus Midoria Kato, 1931 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae), including three new combinations and two new species, Midoria emmrichi (Zhang et al, 2004) comb. nov., Midoria longicornis (Zhang et al, 2004) comb. nov., Midoria funebris (Jacobi, 1944) comb. nov., Midoria huapingensis sp. nov. and Midoria lamellata sp. nov.. A key to distinguish all species of the genus (except Midoria capitata Kato) is given, and illustrations of genitalia are provided. The type specimens of new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University (GUGC).
Glishades ericksoni, a new hadrosauroid (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) from the Late Cretaceous of North America
Authors: PRIETO-MÁRQUEZ ALBERT
Published: December 2018

A new genus and species of hadrosauroid dinosaur, Glishades ericksoni, is described based on paired partial premaxillae collected from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana, in the Western Interior of the United States of America. This taxon is diagnosed on the basis of a unique combination of characters: absence of everted oral margin, arcuate oral margin with wide and straight, obliquely oriented, and undeflected anterolateral corner, grooved transversal thickening on ventral surface of premaxilla posterior to denticulate oral margin, and foramina on anteromedial surface above oral edge and adjacent to proximal end of narial bar. Maximum parsimony analysis positioned G. ericksoni as a derived hadrosauroid. Exclusion of G. ericksoni from Hadrosauridae was unambiguously supported by the lack in AMNH 27414 of a dorsomedially reflected premaxillary oral margin. Furthermore, the maximum agreement subtree positioned G. ericksoni as the sister taxon to Bactrosaurus johnsoni. This position was unambiguously supported by posteroventral thickening on the ventral surface of the premaxilla (independently derived in saurolophid hadrosaurids and Ouranosaurus nigeriensis) and having foramina on each premaxilla on the anterior surface, adjacent to the parasagittal plane of the rostrum (reconstructed as independently derived in Brachylophosaurus canadensis, Maiasaura peeblesorum, and Edmontosaurus annectens).
A new species of Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the rio São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil
Authors: NIELSEN DALTON TAVARES BRESSANE , SHIBATTA OSCAR AKIO , SUZART ROGÉRIO DOS REIS , Martín AMER FAOUR
Published: December 2018

Simpsonichtys lopesi n. sp. is described from a temporary pool located in the São Francisco river basin. This species is distinguished from remaining species, except S. adornatus, by the large number of dorsal fin rays, which makes possible a large dorsal fin base length that begins well anterior to the middle of the body, before the vertical line through the pelvic fin. This species differs from S. adornatus by the color pattern of the anal fin, which may have yellow stripes or light dots (vs. small light points), and also by the lower number of dorsal fin rays.
The spider genus Cnodalia (Araneae: Araneidae) in China
Authors: MI XIAO-QI , PENG XIAN-JIN , YIN CHANG-MIN
Published: December 2018

Two new species, both from China, of the previously monotypic araneid genus Cnodalia Thorell, 1890 are described and illustrated: Cnodalia quadrituberculata n. sp. and Cnodalia flavescens n. sp.
Two new species of the subgenus Planempis, with a key to the species of China (Diptera: Empidoidea: Empididae)
Authors: WANG JINJING , LI ZHU , YANG DING
Published: December 2018

Two species, Empis (Planempis) prolongata sp. nov. (Hubei, China) and E. (P.) shennongana sp. nov. (Hubei, China), are described as new to science. These two new species, which are similar to E. (P.) dahuriensis Shamshev, are characterized by veins M 1 and M 2 incomplete and not reaching the wing margin. A key to the known species of the subgenus Planempis from China is presented.
A new Meteorus Haliday species from Colombia and Ecuador (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: FERNáNDEZ HELMUTH AGUIRRE , SHAW SCOTT R. , JONES GUINEVERE Z.
Published: December 2018

A new species of parasitoid wasp, Meteorus gigas Aguirre, Shaw and Jones (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), is described from Huila and Santander Provinces in Colombia and from Napo Province, in Ecuador. The new species is diagnosed and is compared to other species in the genus. Inferences about the possible biology of this species are discussed in consideration of the collecting methods used. The new species was most frequently found from Malaise trap samples but to a lesser extent from yellow pans and maxi-net sampling. Despite extensive sampling of caterpillars at this locality, the host of this new species remains unknown.Una nueva especie, Meteorus gigas Aguirre, Shaw, and Jones (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) es descrita para Huila y Santander Provincias en Colombia y de Napo Provincia, Ecuador. La especie es analizada y comparada con otras especies del género. Inferencias sobre la posible biología de esta especie es discutida teniendo en mente los métodos de colecta utilizados.
Catalogue of the type material of pseudoscorpions (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones) deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest
Authors: NOVÁK JÁNOS , DÁNYI LÁSZLÓ
Published: December 2018

A catalogue of the pseudoscorpion types deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest) is presented. The Collection of Soil Invertebrates at the Museum harbours type material of 60 described (49 valid) pseudoscorpion species or subspecies, belonging to 13 families and 33 genera. Most of these are types of species described by Ödön Tömösváry, Jenő Daday, Max Beier and Volker Mahnert, along with a handful described by Lodovico di Caporiacco, Mark Harvey and János Novák. Lists are also given of types of species that were, or might be expected to have been, deposited in HNHM but cannot now be located there. A lectotype is designated for Chelifer rutilans Tömösváry, 1883, which is considered a junior subjective synonym of Chelifer cancroides (Linnaeus, 1758) (syn. nov.).
A new (singleton) rainfrog of the Pristimantis myersi Group (Amphibia: Craugastoridae) from the northern Andes of Ecuador
Authors: GUAYASAMIN JUAN M. , ARTEAGA ALEJANDRO , HUTTER CARL R.
Published: December 2018

Reserva Las Gralarias is one of the best-studied localities of the Ecuadorian Andes in terms of its batrachofauna. However, as expected in any community, some species are rare and, therefore, their discovery and description are problematic. Herein, based on a single specimen, we describe Pristimantis gralarias sp nov. Even though we are aware of the problems associated to singleton species (i.e., unknown intraspecific variation, limited ecological information), our efforts to finding additional specimens have been unsuccessful. Thus, given the importance of species descriptions in threatened areas (e.g. Andes), and that the new taxon is supported by both morphological and genetic data, we consider that the description is justified. Pristimantis gralarias sp nov is easily distinguished from all other members of the P. myersi group by its long and slender fingers and toes, with discs that are not expanded laterally (or are only slightly expanded). Furthermore, the new species is characterized by having a black venter with minute white spots and a red groin. A molecular phylogeny corroborates the placement of the new species in the P. myersi group and its distinctiveness in relation to other species. Finally, we discuss on the limitations and advantages associated to species descriptions based on one or few specimens.
A new genus and species of the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 (Monogenea: Monocotylidae), parasitic on Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean off Peru
Authors: CHERO JHON D. , CRUCES CELSO L. , SÁEZ GLORIA , LUQUE JOSÉ L.
Published: December 2018

Peruanocotyle n. gen. is proposed to accommodate Peruanocotyle chisholmae n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae). The new species is a gill parasite of the diamond stingray, Hypanus dipterurus (Jordan & Gilbert) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), a demersal chondrichthyan collected off the coast of Callao, Peru. Peruanocotyle n. gen. is placed in the Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957 because its anterior attachment organ has multiple glandular openings. Peruanocotyle chisholmae n. gen., n. sp. is unique among the Dasybatotreminae, by having: a well-developed, broadly ovoid anterior attachment organ with numerous grooves and an anteromedial notch; three prominent anterior glands that are connected to numerous peripheral glands; an unusual whip-shaped male copulatory organ composed of four connate tubes; an ejaculatory duct with slightly sclerotized walls where the proximal end has criss-crossed creases and the distal portion is highly convoluted; an ejaculatory bulb with one bipartite internal seminal vesicle; a wheel-shaped haptor with one central loculus and eight peripheral loculi; anchors that are much shorter than the width of marginal membrane and have an accessory sclerotized piece present; four oval testes, arranged in two groups; an ovary that has six clavate, proximal lobules and a distal portion that is strongly coiled; intestinal ceca with large lateral and medial diverticula; an oral opening surrounded by numerous small dome-like papillae; and a single vagina with sclerotized walls. Dasybatotreminae is amended to accommodate the new genus, and the new species is fully described and illustrated herein. The present finding adds to the other three marine monocotylids previously reported from Peru, namely Anoplocotyloides chorrillensis Luque & Iannacone, 1991; Anoplocotyloides papillatus (Doran, 1953) Young, 1967 and Monocotyle luquei Chero, Cruces, Iannacone, Sanchez, Minaya, Sáez & Alvariño, 2016.
A new species and a key to world species of the flavipes species-group of the genus Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from Japan
Authors: FUJIE SHUNPEI , SHIMIZU SO , FERNANDEZ-TRIANA JOSE
Published: December 2018

A new species of microgastrine parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Cotesia testacea Fujie, Shimizu & Fernandez-Triana sp. nov., is described from Japan and Korea. It belongs to the flavipes species-group, which now comprises seven described species, most of them economically important as biocontrol agents of cereal and sugarcane stem borer pests worldwide. The new species, currently known from marsh habitats in the Eastern Palaearctic, is morphologically similar and probably related to the Western Palaearctic Cotesia ferruginea. A key to world species of the flavipes species-group is also provided.
Exostoma tibetana, a new glyptosternine catfish from the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River drainage in southeastern Tibet, China (Siluriformes: Sisoridae)
Authors: GONG ZHENG , LIN PENGCHENG , LIU FEI , LIU HUANZHANG
Published: December 2018

Exostoma tibetana, new species, is described from the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River drainage in southeastern Tibet, China. It is distinguished from congeners by having an adipose fin separate from the upper procurrent caudal-fin rays and incised at the posterior extremity of its base; the tip of the pelvic fin not reaching to the anus when adpressed; 10 branched pectoral-fin rays; and morphometric features associated with the body depth, adipose-fin base length, caudal-peduncle depth, snout length, and eye diameter. The validity of this new species was also supported by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on Cyt b gene sequences.
Is the reported increase in young female hospital-treated intentional self-harm real or artefactual?
Authors: McGill Katie , Hiles Sarah A , Handley Tonelle E , Page Andrew , Lewin Terry J , Whyte Ian , Carter Gregory L
Published: December 2018

Background:

The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare has reported an increased rate of hospital-treated intentional self-harm in young females (2000–2012) in Australia. These reported increases arise from institutional data that are acknowledged to underestimate the true rate, although the degree of underestimation is not known.

Objective:

To consider whether the reported increase in young females’ hospital-treated intentional self-harm is real or artefactual and specify the degree of institutional underestimation.

Methods:

Averages for age- and gender-standardised event rates for hospital-treated intentional self-harm (national: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; state: New South Wales Ministry of Health) were compared with sentinel hospital event rates for intentional self-poisoning (Hunter Area Toxicology Service, Calvary Mater Newcastle) in young people (15–24 years) for the period 2000–2012. A time series analysis of the event rates for the sentinel hospital was conducted.

Results:

The sentinel hospital event rates for young females of 444 per 100,000 were higher than the state (378 per 100,000) and national (331 per 100,000) rates. There was little difference in young male event rates – sentinel unit: 166; state: 166 and national: 153 per 100,000. The sentinel hospital rates showed no change over time for either gender.

Conclusion:

There was no indication from the sentinel unit data of any increase in rates of intentional self-poisoning for young females. The sentinel and state rates were higher than the national rates, demonstrating the possible magnitude of underestimation of the national data. The reported increases in national rates of hospital-treated self-harm among young females might be due to artefactual factors, such as changes in clinical practice (greater proportion admitted), improved administrative coding of suicidal behaviours or possibly increased hospital presentations of community self-injury cases, but not intentional self-poisoning. A national system of sentinel units is needed for the accurate and timely monitoring of all hospital-treated self-harm.
Entrepreneurial states: A conceptual overview
Authors: Ravenhill John
Published: December 2018

The emergence of newly prominent participants (NPPs) in global governance has led to a revival of scholarly interest in the concept of middle powers. Because NPPs do not share the characteristics of “classical” middle powers, analysts have attempted to salvage the concept by adding various qualifiers. In doing so, they have further reduced its analytical utility. The concept of “entrepreneurial” states extracts the valuable components of the literature on middle powers while avoiding the problems arising from the conflation of two elements of behaviour—strategic and purposive. Entrepreneurial states are countries that seek to gain the support of others in pursuit of their perceived interests in the international system. They may be supporters of the current system, or seek to change it fundamentally. We investigate what attributes are necessary for states to behave in an entrepreneurial manner through studies of both successful and failed attempts at policy entrepreneurship.
A study on the service discovery support method in the IoT environments
Authors: Sim Sungho , Choi Hanyong
Published: December 2018

The fourth Industrial Revolution is rapidly growing due to the development of ICT and the need for organic linkage in the industry. The Internet of Things (IoT), in which objects and objects from active relationships such as sensing, networking and mutual cooperation without human intervention is the core technology of the fourth Industrial Revolution, which can be linked to various industrial fields. As the IoT environment spreads, IoT devices are continuously increasing in various industries. IoT devices connected to the Internet are as different as each application environment. Many information is derived from the interaction between an IoT device and a device or between a human and an IoT device, as well as devices that provide simple data such as sensing. This paper proposes a support method to enable extended service search when users search for services using information generated in IoT environment. The existing service discovery method focuses on the method by which the user selects the service based on the simple service information disclosed by the service provider. In order to solve the problem of existing service discovery method, this study proposed a support method that enables users to search service discovery flexibly even when using existing methods in service discovery in IoT environment. The proposed method provides a user-centered service search environment construction through a search method using user IoT information which was not considered in the existing service search. This makes up for the problem of service availability and provider-oriented service discovery through the establishment of a user service discovery environment.
If You had a Million, Would you Teach?
Authors: Clem Orlie M.
Published: December 2018

The reasons why men and women teach are here considered. Teaching may be financial folly, but there are those who love the work so supremely they could not be content to give it up—not even for a million dollars.
Flexibility is Wellesley's Keynote
Authors: Graves S. Monroe
Published: December 2018

Special classes for the abnormally gifted children are a feature of the Wellesley public schools' program. Incidentally a way has been found to avoid the losses due to “double promotion.”
The Organization of the Selling Function in a Department Store
Authors: Brooks James B.
Published: December 2018

Editors Note: The findings in this article are based on too small a sample for generalization purposes. Therefore the piece is presented not as a measurement of the extent of a trend but as an interesting exposition of the organizational schemes utilized by some stores.
Marketing's Job for the 1960s
Authors: Keener J. W.
Published: December 2018

Vast growth of consumer markets in the 1960s is now clearly seen, but what special risks and opportunities face the marketing man?

How fast will he have to run just to stay even with his competition? And what new competitive forces will he meet?

Mr. Keener, President of The B. F. Goodrich Company, suggests that complacent expectation of a steadily expanding economy is not enough. Profitable operation during the next decade will depend on how a company meets a specific list of challenges, and the author discusses these challenges.
Brand Perception as Related to Age, Income, and Education
Authors: Munn Henry L.
Published: December 2018

Are some brands seen by the consumer as really different from all other brands? And are there others which are seen as essentially the same?

The author gives the principal results of an exploratory investigation of these questions.

The implications for marketing strategy are obvious. The crucial question, of course, is whether different consumers differ significantly in their perceptions of brands within specified product classes.
The Marketing Revolution
Authors: Keith Robert J.
Published: December 2018

Business today, the author maintains, is in the throes of a marketing revolution. This revolution is based on a change of philosophy, and one of its effects will be the emergence of marketing as the dominant function in American business.
European Markets and American Business
Authors: Malcuit Stanley V. , Slesinger Reuben E.
Published: December 2018

More and more illustrations are coming into focus that demonstrate the increasing efficiency of foreign producers compared with American manufacturers. Indeed, foreign competition has become a real threat to the economic and marketing supremacy of American firms in world markets.

To meet this challenge, growing numbers of American enterprisers are seeking direct overseas investments. This article throws some light on the possibilities and economic opportunities of such investments in Europe.
Are Channels of Distribution what the Textbooks Say?
Authors: McVey Phillip
Published: December 2018

The author maintains that the role of the middleman is obscured by oversimplified treatment in marketing literature and Census data. In this article he examines channel-building from the standpoint of the middleman's relative freedom to make choices, while serving as a purchasing agent for his customers.
An Alternative Statistical “Line of Best Fit”
Authors: Semon Thomas T.
Published: December 2018

Trends and regression lines are almost always computed via the least-squares method. A conceptually simpler approach, resulting in geometrically true “best fit,” is illustrated here.
Customer-Oriented Approaches to Identifying Product-Markets
Authors: Day George S. , Shocker Allan D. , Srivastava Rajendra K.
Published: December 2018

The need to identify the boundaries of increasingly complex product-markets has spawned a number of analytical methods based on customer behavior or judgments. The various methods are compared and contrasted according to whether they are consistent with a conceptual definition of a product-market, and their ability to yield diagnostic insights.
Deceptive and Nondeceptive Consequences of Evaluative Advertising
Authors: Shimp Terence A. , Preston Ivan L.
Published: December 2018

Evaluative verbal content represents those advertising claims which refer to intangible product attributes or benefits. Theoretical arguments and empirical evidence indicate that such advertising may deceive receivers via an implication mechanism. But even in the absence of deception, advertisers may find success with evaluative advertising due to the operation of a low involvement information processing dynamic.
Are There “Natural” Market Structures?
Authors: Buzzell Robert D.
Published: December 2018

This article shows that distributions of market shares in narrowly-defined product markets follow the same general pattern found in earlier studies of broad “industries” and in the economy as a whole. Typically, the structure of a market conforms to the semi-logarithmic distribution; this pattern is so pervasive as to suggest that it is a “natural” phenomenon. The nature of growth processes that lead to unequal distributions of size is explored, and evidence from the PIMS data base is used to test two key assumptions about business growth and its relationship to size.
Sensitivities of Market Segments to Separate Advertising Strategies
Authors: Woodside Arch G. , Motes William H.
Published: December 2018

Five distinct advertising strategies using different creative approaches, media schedules, and direct mail literature were used to affect vacation behavior of five market segments in a state tourism promotion program. Research results using three mailings to 4,595 ad inquirers in 1978 indicated different demographic, life-style, and vacation travel behavior profiles between the five segments. Substantial differences in estimated total revenues, costs, and net revenues produced from each market and advertising strategy are reported. The changes in management plans for the 1979 promotion program based on the results of the study are reviewed. Primary research by advertisers on markets and media to complement research by media organizations is advocated.
Effectiveness in Sales Interactions: A Contingency Framework
Authors: Weitz Barton A.
Published: December 2018

A new approach for research on effectiveness in sales interactions is proposed. This approach is based on considering the moderating effect of the salesperson's resources, the customer's buying task, and the customer-salesperson relationship. A contingency framework is presented and research directions related to the framework are suggested.
Toward a General Theory of Competitive Rationality
Authors: Dickson Peter Reid
Published: December 2018

The author develops a theory of competitive rationality that proposes a firm's success depends on the imperfect procedural rationality of its marketing planners. Theories of economic psychology and information economics are integrated with the Austrian economic school of thought and with marketing management concepts and scholarship. Implications for managers and scholars are discussed.
Commercial Friendships: Service Provider–Client Relationships in Context
Authors: Price Linda L. , Arnould Eric J.
Published: December 2018

The authors describe commercial friendships that develop between service providers and clients as one important type of marketing relationship. They report results of five studies that employ quantitative and qualitative data analysis. They develop a measure of commercial friendship, identify important correlates, and illustrate how friendships form. Context and tension between instrumental and expressive goals circumscribe commercial friendships, but friendships are associated with satisfaction, strong service loyalty, and positive word of mouth. Qualitative data illustrate varied temporal ordering among satisfaction, loyalty, and friendship for both service providers and clients. The authors identify implications of their findings for an array of industries in which commercial friendships may form.
Retaliatory Behavior to New Product Entry
Authors: Kuester Sabine , Homburg Christian , Robertson Thomas S.
Published: December 2018

In this article, the authors focus on the defense strategies that firms pursue when threatened by rival new products in their markets. They investigate retaliation as a multidimensional construct. The integrative framework combines the analysis of the marketing instrument used to react and the speed and breadth of retaliation. Results emphasize the importance of the rival product's innovativeness in generating a reciprocal retaliation (a move in kind), though innovativeness slows the incumbent's reaction time. Market growth encourages rapid retaliation, especially on the product mix, whereas in concentrated markets, firms react less strongly on the product mix and exhibit slower reactions. The study also captures the phenomenon of incumbent inertia: Larger incumbents retaliate less strongly and more slowly.
Marketing in Technology-Intensive Markets: Toward a Conceptual Framework
Authors: John George , Weiss Allen M. , Dutta Shantanu
Published: December 2018

Markets in which technology assumes a central role are becoming driving forces of the economy. The authors label these “technology-intensive” (TI) markets. Despite their importance, however, there is not a clear understanding of the features of a TI market. Using scientific know-how as the foundational concept, the authors explore the nuances of know-how creation, dissemination, and use to identify eight features of TI markets. With a series of reputable empirical propositions, they also study four marketing decisions, beginning with the most fundamental, that is, the vertical positioning decision (the firm's decision about what it sells). Product design decisions (both platform and modularity), transfer rights decisions (incorporating both price formats and licensing restrictions), and migration decisions (whether and how to move customers through an ongoing stream of technological innovations) round out the set.
The Role of Marketing
Authors: Moorman Christine , Rust Roland T.
Published: December 2018

As marketing gains increasing prominence as an orientation that everyone in the organization shares and as a process that all functions participate in deploying, a critical issue that arises is the role of the marketing function. Specifically, what role should the marketing function play, and what value does the marketing function have, if any, in an organization that has a strong market orientation? The authors take the view that though a firm's market orientation is undeniably important, the marketing function should play a key role in managing several important connections between the customer and critical firm elements, including connecting the customer to (1) the product, (2) service delivery, and (3) financial accountability. The authors collect data from managers across six business functions and two time periods with respect to marketing's role, market orientation, the value of the marketing function, and perceived firm performance. The results show that the marketing function contributes to perceptions of firm financial performance, customer relationship performance, and new product performance beyond that explained by a firm's market orientation. Marketing's value, in turn, is found to be a function of the degree to which it develops knowledge and skills in connecting the customer to the product and to financial accountability. For service firms, the value of the marketing function also is related positively to marketing's ability to connect the customer to service delivery.
Modeling Consumer Satisfaction Processes Using Experience-Based Norms
Authors: Woodruff Robert B. , Cadotte Ernest R. , Jenkins Roger L.
Published: December 2018

The authors propose to modify the basic confirmation/disconfirmation paradigm in two ways. First, expectations are replaced with experience-based norms as the standard for comparison of a brand's performance. Second, a zone of indifference is postulated as a mediator between confirmation/disconfirmation and satisfaction. Implications for future research are also presented.
Agendas and Consumer Choice
Authors: Hauser John R.
Published: December 2018

An agenda (either implicit or imposed) is a set of constraints on the order of selecting or eliminating choice alternatives. It can be “top down,” “bottom up” (as a tournament), or more general. The author's analytic results identify which probabilistic choice rules are affected by agendas and when they are affected. The results also illustrate how agendas might be used to enhance target products. Examples and behavioral hypotheses are provided and the implications of the results for marketing management are discussed.
Humanistic Inquiry in Marketing Research: Philosophy, Method, and Criteria
Authors: Hirschman Elizabeth C.
Published: December 2018

As the conception of what marketing is has evolved, so must the methods of inquiry also evolve. Marketing now is viewed as a socially constructed enterprise. Thus, what is needed are inputs from the humanistic modes of inquiry developed specifically to address socially constructed phenomena. The author discusses three central aspects of humanistic inquiry, (1) the philosophy and metaphysic of humanism, (2) the methodology of humanistic research, and (3) the criteria appropriate for evaluating studies conducted in the humanistic mode. Humanistic inquiry is compared specifically with the positivist approach currently used by most marketing researchers. Guidelines are provided to assist researchers who may wish to implement the humanistic approach in their own research programs.
Selling Activity and Sales Position Taxonomies for Industrial Salesforces
Authors: Moncrief William C.
Published: December 2018

The author develops a comprehensive inventory of selling activities and uses it to analyze the jobs of 1393 salespeople employed by 51 industrial selling organizations. He also develops a taxonomy of sales activities based on frequency of occurrence of 121 sales activities. In addition, a taxonomy of six industrial sales jobs is created from configurations of sales activity factors. Managerial implications of the findings are discussed and directions for further research are proposed.
Estimating Micro Relationships from Macro Data: A Comparative Study of two Approximations of the Brand Loyal Model under Temporal Aggregation
Authors: Bass Frank M. , Leone Robert P.
Published: December 2018

The data interval bias issue in econometric studies of the relationship between advertising and sales first was discussed in JMR by Clarke in 1976. Within the last few years, several studies reported in the marketing literature have investigated the modeling of sales-advertising relationships with temporally aggregated data. Weiss, Weinberg, and Windal developed an aggregate form of the brand loyal model for data aggregated over time and compared their estimates of micro-level parameters with those derived from an alternative approximation developed by Bass and Leone. The authors use simulated data and empirical data to compare the performance of the two approximation approaches.
The Sensitivity of Confirmatory Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis to Violations of Measurement Scale and Distributional Assumptions
Authors: Babakus Emin , Ferguson Carl E. , Jöreskog Karl G.
Published: December 2018

A large-scale simulation design was used to study the sensitivity of maximum likelihood (ML) factor analysis to violations of measurement scale and distributional assumptions in the input data. Product-moment, polychoric. Spearman's rho, and Kendall's tau- b correlations computed from ordinal data were used to estimate a single-factor model. The resulting ML estimates were compared on the bases of convergence rates and improper solutions, accuracy of the loading estimates, fit statistics, and estimated standard errors. The LISREL maximum likelihood solution algorithm was used to estimate model parameters. The polychoric correlation procedure was found to provide the most accurate estimates of pairwise correlations and factor loadings but performed worst on all goodness-of-fit criteria. LISREL overestimated all standard errors, thus not reflecting the effects of standardization as previously assumed. When the data were categorized, the polychoric correlations led to the best estimates of the standard errors.
Consumer Ethnocentrism: Construction and Validation of the CETSCALE
Authors: Shimp Terence A. , Sharma Subhash
Published: December 2018

The concept of consumer ethnocentrism is introduced and a corresponding measure, the CETSCALE, is formulated and validated. Four separate studies provide support for the CETSCALE's reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. A series of nomological validity tests show consumer ethnocentrism to be moderately predictive of theoretically related constructs.