bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Injury Among Collegiate Marching Band and Color Guard Members
Authors: Beckett Sarah , Seidelman Lindsey , Hanney William J , Liu Xinliang , Rothschild Carey E
Published: October 2018

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal injury (MSI) in collegiate marching band and color guard members and the associated factors. Methods: An electronic survey was developed and delivered via the Qualtrics survey platform to collegiate marching band and color
guard members in the United States. Information collected included demographics; years of experience; training and performance characteristics; footwear worn; instrument played/equipment used; participation in stretching/strengthening programs; injury prevalence and type; treatment sought
for injury; and participation time lost due to injury. Results: There were 1,379 (792 female, 587 male) members of 21 collegiate marching bands who completed the survey. Respondents had an average age of 19.8 yrs, height 171.9 cm, weight 72.3 kg, and BMI 24.4 kg/m2. Twenty-five percent of
respondents reported sustaining a MSI as a result of participating in marching band or color guard. Females were 20% more likely to sustain a MSI and 87.7% of MSI involved the lower extremity. A significant difference in BMI was found between those who did and did not sustain a MSI (p=0.014).
Conclusions: Members of collegiate marching band and color guard may be at risk of sustaining a MSI due to the repetitive nature of the activities performed during practice and performance. The lower extremity is more prone to injury, and a higher BMI may be a risk factor for MSI in this population.
RATIONAL CHOICE OF MACHINING TOOLS USING PREDICTION PROCEDURES
Authors: Krol Oleg , Sokolov Volodymyr
Published: October 2018

Introducing the methods and procedures for predictive analysis into the design process contours of a variety of machining tools (MT) of metal cutting machines is the main aim of this article. A sequence of realization of prediction object (PO) choice as an initial stage of search of perspective designs is offered. Effective in this regard is the "Tree of objectives" apparatus, on the basis of which many ways of improving MT are formed, selecting progressive (reducing the dimension of the problem) at each level of the hierarchy of the constructed graph-tree. The procedure for selecting the prediction method (PM) as a means of generating the forecast data is developed. The task of choosing a method is structured in detail and uses "Information supply"as the main criterion. To this end, assessment scales of choice criteria have been formed, on the basis of which it is possible to evaluate their effectiveness for the PM selection process. The rules forPOcoding are introduced by a three-element information code, including information source classes – static data, expert estimates and patent data. The process of forecasting the MT components by the method of engineering forecasting on the basis of a representative patent fund is realized. The General Definition Table has been built (GDT "Machining tools") and estimates of the prospects of design solutions have been obtained. A fragment of the database of 3D models of promising MT designs in the integrated computer-aided design KOMPAS-3D is proposed.
«Descifradores de una escritura del hombre». Elogio de la teología: una apasionante posibilidad
Authors: Quelas Juan
Published: October 2018

El autor escribe su elogio de la teología, dirigido a estudiantes de la carrera teológica, a estudiantes de teología en carreras no teológicas, y a creyentes y no creyentes inquietos: ¿Vale la pena estudiar esta disciplina? ¿Cuáles son las razones y pasiones que sostienen en el camino? ¿Se puede estudiar teología desde el apasionamiento vital? A lo largo de 7 hitos, el autor quiere mostrar que estudiar teología puede ser una aventura apasionante. No se trata de un artículo de erudición para teólogos, sino de un artículo provocador para estudiantes y, quizás, sus profesores.
La propuesta metodológica de Sallie McFague en la búsqueda de nuevos modelos para una teología metafórica
Authors: Roldán Alberto Fernando
Published: October 2018

En el presente artículo se analiza la propuesta metodológica de Sallie McFague para la articulación de una teología metafórica. En la primera parte, el autor destaca el lugar que la teóloga estadounidense otorga a la metáfora como recurso del lenguaje y, a su vez, la crítica que encara frente a dos expresiones diametralmente opuestas, a saber: el fundamentalismo bíblico –por su literalismo– y la desconstrucción derrideana caracterizada por no admitir nada fuera del texto, con lo cual intenta eludir el conflicto de las interpretaciones. En la segunda sección del trabajo, se define lo que significa la «teología metafórica» para McFague, destacando que se trata de una construcción heurística que privilegia la imaginación para exponer las relaciones entre Dios y el mundo con el fin de remitologizar la fe cristiana a partir del paradigma de Jesús. En la tercera parte, se analiza la reinterpretación que McFague hace de la resurrección de Cristo para afirmar el mundo como «cuerpo» de Dios. En la cuarta sección se exponen las nuevas metáforas propuestas por la teóloga americana referidas a Dios como madre, amigo y amante. La última parte del trabajo consiste en una evaluación de la propuesta de McFague donde se destacan la creatividad y osadía de la teóloga americana que, más allá de cierta tendencia panteísta cuando se refiere al mundo como «cuerpo» de Dios, ofrece importantes elementos para la construcción de una teología metafórica inscripta dentro del feminismo. El autor afirma que la teología metafórica ofrecida por Sallie McFague permite recuperar el mensaje de Jesús sobre el Reino de Dios en sus dimensiones antijerárquicas y antitriunfalistas, obturadas por las teologías sistemáticas clásicas.
Interpelaciones del papa Francisco al teólogo. Una mirada retrospectiva y prospectiva
Authors: Solano Pinzón Orlando , Garavito Villarreal Daniel de Jesús
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo hace explícitas las interpelaciones del papa Francisco a los teólogos desde un rastreo a algunos de sus escritos y comunicaciones oficiales, y aporta un doble ejercicio: retrospectivo identificando los antecedentes de dichas interpelaciones en la referencia a los Padres de la Iglesia; y prospectivo, señalando los aportes de las interpelaciones a la elaboración de una teología de la acción humana acorde a las necesidades y los desafíos de nuestro mundo presente. Este doble movimiento cohesiona el ejercicio de una teología que debe estar inspirada en la Palabra como base fundamental de la Tradición y las exigencias de los contextos actuales. En otras palabras, el diálogo continuo que debe tener toda teología entre lo dado de la Tradición que se expresa en el sentido de anuncio de la Escritura y el compromiso que exigen los nuevos contextos históricos. Con todo esto es posible identificar las coordenadas por las que transitan las interpelaciones y el quehacer teológico del papa Francisco.
Hacia una comprensión de la conversión ecológica
Authors: Rincón Andrade Mauricio
Published: October 2018

La encíclica Laudato si´ del papa Francisco se ha convertido en uno de los documentos más mediáticos y comentados de la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia. Fundamentalmente porque se acerca de manera crítica y rigurosa a la crisis socio-ambiental por la que estamos pasando y, además, porque no se queda solo en el análisis, sino porque ofrece algunas líneas de acción a partir de la rica tradición de la Iglesia y de la espiritualidad cristiana. Dentro de las distintas alternativas que ofrece el papa sudamericano en su escrito, en este artículo vamos a proponer un acercamiento a una específica: la «conversión ecológica», principalmente porque es un llamado a optar por otro estilo de vida y a cambiar estructuras que rigen nuestra sociedad.
A Review of Three-dimensional Printing for Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Devi M. Gundhavi , Amutheesan M. , Govindhan R. , Karthikeyan B.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Various living organisms especially endangered species are affected due to the damaged body parts or organs. For organ replacement, finding the customized organs within the time by satisfying biomedical needs is the risk factor in the medicinal field.

Methods:

The production of living parts based on the highly sensitive biomedical demands can be done by the integration of technical knowledge of Chemistry, Biology and Engineering. The integration of highly porous Biomedical CAD design and 3D bioprinting technique by maintaining the suitable environment for living cells can be especially done through well-known techniques: Stereolithography, Fused Deposition Modeling, Selective Laser Sintering and Inkjet printing are majorly discussed to get final products.

Results:

Among the various techniques, Biomedical CAD design and 3D printing techniques provide highly precise and interconnected 3D structure based on patient customized needs in a short period of time with less consumption of work.

Conclusion:

In this review, biomedical development on complex design and highly interconnected production of 3D biomaterials through suitable printing technique are clearly reported.
Health Capital and Economic Growth: Evidence from Georgia
Authors: Verulava Tengiz , Dangadze Beka
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Investments in healthcare are important in terms of formation of the health capital. The research aims to find out the role of the health capital in economic growth of a country.

Methods:

This study is based on the secondary sources of data. The study data were obtained from Human Development Report, Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Protection of Georgia. As a proxy indicator for measuring the health capital we used the life expectancy at birth, the general and initial illness rate, the general, maternal and children’s mortality rate, outpatient referral rate, the state expenses on healthcare, the share of state expenditure in total expenditure on health and state expenditure on health as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product.

Results:

The average life expectancy has increased in recent 25 years. The maternal and children’s mortality rate have decreased, healthcare expenses have become higher and outpatient referral rate has also become more constant character. All these have a positive influence on the people’s health and country’s economic growth. However, the state expenses on healthcare and outpatient referral rate are far below the European level.

Conclusion:

As the health capital fulfills significant role in terms of the country’s economic growth in a long-run perspective, it is advisable to promote the development of the primary healthcare system and taking WHO recommendations concerning state healthcare expenses into account.
A novel method for oxidative degradation of metanil yellow azo dye by hexacyanoferrate(III) ions
Authors: Goel Anjali , Chaudhary Manu
Published: October 2018

In the present work, the degradation of metanil yellow, an azo dye, by hexacyanoferrate(III) ions (oxidant) in the aqueous alkaline medium has been investigated by kinetic–spectrophotometric method at λmax 435 nm of the reaction mixture. The effect of various parameters such as the concentration of dye, oxidant, and solution pH on the reaction rate has been determined. The results show that the rate of degradation increases linearly with the increase in concentrations of oxidant and dye at optimum pH of 9.0 and constant temperature of 40 ± 0.1°C. Thermodynamic parameters such as energy of activation, enthalpy of activation, entropy of activation, and energy of formation have been calculated by studying the reaction rate at four different temperatures, that is, 40–55°C. Based on the experimental results, a plausible reaction mechanism involving complex formation has been proposed and a rate law has been derived. UV‐Vis and LC‐MS methods of analysis of degradation products show the formation of simpler and less hazardous degradation products.

Practitioner points

It is also observed that the time required for azo dye degradation by the present method is about ten times less than the reported methods.

Thus degradation of azo linkage and formation of simple and less hazardous products (efficient degradation of dye) makes it a novel method.
Operational experience with a full‐scale anaerobic baffled reactor treating municipal wastewater
Authors: Schalk Thomas , Marx Conrad , Ahnert Markus , Krebs Peter , Kühn Volker
Published: October 2018

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of moderate temperatures on the efficiency of a full‐scale anaerobic treatment system consisting of a primary sedimentation unit (PST) and an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR, approx. 10 m3). Therefore, two trials with different test setups in series were carried out (1st trial: continuous load; 2nd trial: diurnal variation load). The plant was fed with municipal wastewater and operated at temperatures between 8 and 24°C. The mean efficiency of the ABR was low, compared to the one of the PST. At 10°C, only 10% of the COD was removed. The COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal efficiency of the plant (PST + ABR) averaged 50%. At low temperatures, volatile fatty acids began to accumulate. In both trials, the contents of total suspended solids in the sludge bed differed distinctly and influenced the effort for desludging.

Practitioner points

The operation of ABR in combined collection systems depends on the efficiency of the pretreatment unit.

At cold temperatures, an ABR has no advantages compared to conventional pretreatment processes.

For use under moderate conditions, the design must be adjusted.
Thinking together with Philip Cam: Theories for practitioners and assessing thinking
Authors: Golding Clinton
Published: October 2018

Philip Cam has been an inspiration to me in his approach to Philosophy for Children, and I have tried to follow the trail he blazed. He is a master of developing what I call ‘practitioner theories’ of Philosophy for Children. These are practical theories designed to be useful for practitioners of Philosophy for Children, rather than abstract theories designed to contribute to the scholarship of Philosophy for Children. I first explain what I mean by a practitioner theory, using Cam’s Question Quadrant as an illustration. Then, for the rest of the article I give a more detailed analysis and elaboration of Cam’s practitioner theory about assessing thinking. This theory first appears in Thinking Together in the form of a table that teachers can use to assess how frequently their students perform different thinking moves. For example, we can assess student thinking based on how often they ask questions, or build on what someone else has said. I will show how this seemingly simple theory captures a great deal of theoretical complexity, combining themes about thinking moves from Splitter and Sharp, making thinking visible from Perkins and Richhart, and habits of mind from Costa and Kallick. I will also show how we can develop Cam’s practitioner theory into a sharper tool for assessing thinking if we incorporate further insights about learning to think, and assessing thinking, from Perkins, Dewey, Piaget, Vygotsky and Bloom.
SURVEY OF SOME PLANTS IN NAINAMALAI FOOTHILL, EASTERN GHATS, NAMAKKAL
Authors: M Sharmila , M Rajeswari , Jayashree Indhiramuthu , K Tamizharasi
Published: October 2018

Objectives: This study was designed to document some medicinal plants in Nainamalai foothill.Methods: The plants were collected from different sites of the hill area, identified by their local names with the help of villagers while walking through the vegetation. The photographs of these plant species were taken during the field visits.Results: Plant survey at Ninamalai foothill has documented a total of 124 plants. Among 124 species surveyed, 123 were angiospermic plants and one pteridophytic plant. Analysis of plants showed that the more number of dicotyledons (115 species) belongs to 43 families and 8 monocotyledons are represented in 5 families. Within dicotyledons, 53 species are polypetalae, 34 species are gamopetalae, and 28 monochlamydeae. For each species, botanical name, family, habit, local name, parts used, and medicinal usage are identified and presented. The family-wise analysis showed that the family Amaranthaceae held the dominant position by representing more number of species (13 species). Habit-wise analysis shows that maximum representatives to the plants are from herb (76) community, followed by trees (22), shrubs (17), climbers (6), parasitic shrub and parasitic twinner (1), and fern (1). The absence of epiphytes indicates the loss special habitats due to the degraded status of the hill. Part-wise analysis showed the predominant use of whole plants, followed by leaves, root, seed, bark, fruit, flower, and stem.Conclusion: People of the study area mostly administered phytomedicine orally. A majority of remedies are prepared in the form of extract or juice, followed by powder form, decoction, and freshly collected plant parts. Most of the villagers in the study are poor, and they largely depend on plants for food, medicine, fuel, and other daily necessities.
EUCLEA CRISPA: REVIEW OF ITS BOTANY, ETHNOMEDICINAL USES, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Maroyi Alfred
Published: October 2018

Euclea crispa is widely used as herbal medicine in southern Africa. This study was aimed at reviewing the botany, ethnomedicinal uses, and validated pharmacological properties of E. crispa. The literature search for information on ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities of E. crispa was undertaken using databases such as web of science, BMC, science direct, elsevier, scopus, PubMed, and scielo. Other relevant literature sources included books, book chapters, websites, theses, conference papers, and other scientific publications. The extensive literature survey revealed that the bark, fruits, leaves, and roots of E. crispa are commonly used as herbal medicines for wounds, constipation, cough, stomach disorders, epilepsy, rheumatism, and diabetes. Pharmacological studies on E. crispa indicate that the species has amyloid β-peptide lowering effects, antibacterial, antidiarrheal, antifungal, and cell membrane disruption activities. E. crispa should be subjected to further scientific evaluations aimed at elucidating its chemical, pharmacological, and toxicological properties. Such detailed research should also include experimental animal studies, randomized clinical trials, and target-organ toxicity studies involving E. crispa extracts and its derivatives.
IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPONENTS IN ENHALUS ACOROIDES SEAGRASS EXTRACT BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: P Amudha , M Jayalakshmi , N Pushpabharathi , V Vanitha
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study deals with the determination of possible phytocompounds present in the ethyl acetate extract of Enhalus acoroides using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. Methods: Using GC-MS technique the phytocompounds present in the ethyl acetate extract of E. acoroides whole seagrass was investigated, and the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract were matched with the National Institute of Standards and Technology library.Results: GC-MS analysis of E. acoroides extract revealed the existence of several phytocompounds which includes 1-nonadecene (17.15%), n-tetracosanol-1 (11.48%), 1-octadecene (10.06%), 2-pentadecanone (7.87%), behenyl alcohol (7.33%), 17-pentatriacontene (4.84%), triacontane (4.25%), tetratetracontane (4.17%), and butylated hydroxytoluene (2.09%).Conclusion: E. acoroides possess distinct phytocompounds such as 1-nonadecene and n-tetracosanol-1 which possess antioxidant property, triacontane which has antibacterial, antidiabetic and antitumor activities. Further studies need to elute novel bioactive compounds and toxicity profile through animal models.
A LESS INVASIVE METHOD OF REDUCING THE INCIDENCE OF POST-ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY PANCREATITIS: INTRAVENOUS DICLOFENAC SODIUM VERSUS PLACEBO
Authors: Chik Ian , Jarmin Razman , Ariffin Affirul , Othman Hairol , Zuhdi Zamri , Azman Azlanudin , Mahmood Nik Ritza Kosai Nik
Published: October 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to reduce the incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) by the administration of intravenous (IV) diclofenac sodium.Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blinded control study. This study was performed in the hepatobiliary unit of general surgery department in University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) from May 2015 to May 2016. A total of 128 patients were enrolled in this study. 59 patients were randomized into the treatment arm, while 63 were randomized into the control group. Patients were randomized by envelope system, and patients in the treatment arm received 75 mg of diclofenac sodium intravenously, within 30 min of ERCP commencement. Both groups were observed for PEP post-ERCP and their pain score recorded. Patients’ demographic data were also observed.Results: A total of 122 patients were included in the study, with 59 patients randomized into the treatment arm and 63 into the placebo arm. There was an increase of 7.6% PEP rates in the placebo group (12.7% vs. 5.1% in the treatment arm). However, this was not statistically significant (p=0.142)Conclusion: This study shows that IV diclofenac sodium can decrease PEP but is not statistically significant.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND MARKETING AUTHORIZATION FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS IN EUROPEAN UNION AND ZIMBABWE
Authors: Kamaraj Raju , Buruwe Linda M
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study is to evaluate the requirements for marketing authorization procedures of new drugs, generic medicines in developed countries such as Europe and to compare these procedures with those in developing countries such as Zimbabwe. Medicines control authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ) grants the marketing authorization for medicinal products in Zimbabwe. However, there are still some gaps which need to be filled by the MCAZ to reach other bigger markets in the world. A comparative study of current MCAZ regulatory administration and practices with those of stringent regulators such as European Union will assist in the identification of these loopholes. It also provides the need for improvement with regard to pharmaceutical industries compliance with the relevant standards. This study will give a tremendous reassurance that the MCAZ regulatory affairs acquiescence is being met and gap analysis will systematically challenge the MCAZ regulatory requirements and procedures by comparing them to the European medicines agency regulatory guidelines, which will provide MCAZ with an insight into areas that have room for improvement. The study provides MCAZ with an insight into areas that have room for improvement. Current GMP Supervision of Manufactures and Inspections need to be upgraded; however, currently in Zimbabwe, there is inadequate internal audits, inadequate quality departments to do the validation and self-inspection in pharmaceutical industries. The comparison results obtained showed grey areas needed to be enhanced by MCAZ.
PHARMACOGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION OF GALANTHUS WORONOWII LOSINSK. AND GALANTHUS NIVALIS L. HERBAL PHARMACEUTICAL SUBSTANCES (MICROSCOPIC AND MACROSCOPIC ANALYSIS)
Authors: Bokov Dmitry Olegovich
Published: October 2018

Objective: Today drug produced from snowdrop species (Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. and Galanthus nivalis L.) used in Russian traditional medicine for nervous and cardiovascular systems disorders treatment.Pharmacognostic study of fresh snowdrop plants including macroscopic and microscopic (morpho-anatomical diagnostic features) evaluation for identification of herbal pharmaceutical substances (HPS).Methods: Macro- and micro-scopic evaluation was carried out according to general pharmacopeial monographs of State Pharmacopoeia of Russian Federation XIII ed., Photographs were obtained by the microscope “Altami 139T” (10× eyepiece and lenses: 4×, 10×, 40×, 100×) with a digital camera eyepiece UCMOS05100KPA; images were processed using Altami Studio program.Results: In a pharmacognostic study of G. nivalis and G. woronowii HPS linear dimensions were determined. Several microscopic diagnostics and anatomical signs of snowdrops were investigated: Adaxial and abaxial leaf epidermis; epidermis of corolla, peduncle; internal and external outer scale epidermis, internal and external storage scale epidermis, and sizes of cells and cellular inclusions (starch grains and calcium oxalate raphides). G. woronowii and G. nivalis HPS possess differences both in the micro and macro levels in the linear dimensions. In general, dimensions of G. nivalis organs are much smaller than G. woronowii ones, this aspect is also expressed in the cell structures linear dimensions. The complex of macro- and micro- diagnostic signs allows to identify the snowdrop species.Conclusion: The results of the investigation can be used in routine quality control and for inclusion of pharmacopeial monographs for snowdrop HPSs.
DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND DOCKING OF SULFADIAZINE SCHIFF BASE SCAFFOLD FOR THEIR POTENTIAL CLAIM AS INHA ENOYL-(ACYL-CARRIER-PROTEIN) REDUCTASE INHIBITORS
Authors: Thangavelu Prabha , Thangavel Sivakumar
Published: October 2018

Objective: An effort was made to design and synthesize the series of sulfadiazine building blocks as a targeted candidate for antimycobacterial activity.Method: The synthesized compounds were subjected to preliminary in silico screening study for testing their antimycobacterial action by doing their molecular docking study on bioinformatics software, molecular operating environment 2009.10.Result: The results obtained from this tool showed that there is a best docking affinity score of these target compounds against the enzyme InhA Enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) pathogen, which is one of the key enzymes involved in the type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway of MTB.Conclusion: Thus, the synthesized sulfadiazine Schiff base derivatives might serve as the best drug candidate for the existence of menacing pathogen MTB.
INVESTIGATION OF PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AERIAL ROOTS OF FICUS BENGHALENSIS LINN
Authors: Mazumder Kamalika , Maji Himangshu S , Bala Nripendra N
Published: October 2018

Objective: Ficus benghalensis Linn. (Moraceae family) is commonly known as banyan tree in English, which is used traditionally in India. The literature survey showed that the aerial roots of this plant are yet to be explored. Our main interest is to evaluate its pharmacognostic and phytochemical character by the standard monograph and to explore its in vitro antioxidant and in vivo analgesic activity study with ethyl acetate extract.Methods: Pharmacognostic evaluation and phytochemical screening have been done using standard monograph. An in vitro antioxidant activity using ethyl acetate extract has been done using four different methods. In vivo analgesic activity of the ethyl acetate extract has been evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice and tail flick method.Results: Aerial roots of F. benghalensis have been found the rich source of steroidal glycosides, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, tri-terpenoids, and phenols. The presence of phellem, phellogen, xylem, and phloem has been found after microscopic investigation. All the pharmacognostic parameters proved its purity. Results showed the absence of heavy metals. The ethyl acetate extract has shown potent antioxidant activity at 100 μg/ml concentration and higher analgesic activity at the concentration of 400 mg/kg than 200 mg/kg.Conclusion: Pharmacognostic characteristics and phytochemical properties revealed in this study could be used for the pharmacopoeial standard. Ethyl acetate extract showed potent antioxidant and analgesic activity.
PHARMACOGNOSTICAL EVALUATION, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI LINN. SEED EXTRACT, AND THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF THIS EXTRACT AS HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENT IN ALLOXAN–INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Biswas Ranu , Sen Kalyan Kumar
Published: October 2018

Objective: Diabetes, the “third killer” of mankind, is now a global burden affecting nearly 10% of the population. The present study aimed at pharmacognostical evaluation of Syzygium cumini seed powder, phytochemical profiling, total phenolic, and flavonoid content determination and to ascertain its antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic potential in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters of the seed powder were determined by using standard methods as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). In vitro antioxidant activity was determined by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Ethanolic extract of Syzygium cumini seed at a dose of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight (bw) were given orally in alloxan-induced (150mg/kg, i.p) diabetic rats daily for three weeks.Results: physicochemical parameters complied with the API standards. Phytochemical profiling revealed that the extract contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. The extract is rich in phenolic compounds which were 177.33 mg gallic acid equivalent/g (GAE/g dry weight) and showed significant percentage inhibition compared to standard ascorbic acid. The extract reduced the fasting blood sugar (FBS) level by 46.67–52.67% which is very close to the standard drug glibenclamide (reduced FBS by 65.58%). It also improved the bw by 18.20–20.41% after extract treatment where the standard drug increased the bw by 22.95% of the diabetic rats.Conclusion: In conclusion, Syzygium cumini seed extract is rich in phenolic compounds. Results suggested that the extract possesses significant radical (DPPH) scavenging activity and FBS lowering potential in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
THE EFFECT OF HYDROLYZED VIRGIN COCONUT OIL ON LIPID PROFILE AND LIVER ENZYMES IN DYSLIPIDEMIC RATS
Authors: Margata Linda , Silalahi Jansen , Harahap Urip , Satria Denny
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and hydrolyzed VCO (HVCO) on lipid profile and liver enzymes in dyslipidemic rats.Methods: VCO was hydrolyzed using lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (active on sn-1,3 position). Thirty male rats (150–200 g) were induced with 2 ml/kg body weight (BW) egg yolk and lard oil twice a day for 30 days. Rats were divided into six groups which were given with sodium carboxymethylcellulose 0.5%, atorvastatin, VCO (4 and 6 ml/kg BW), and HVCO (4 and 6 ml/kg BW). Lipid profile including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and liver enzymes including serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) were measured after 14 days of treatment.Results: The results of this study show that VCO and HVCO improve lipid profile (decrease in TC, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, but increase in HDL-C). VCO and HVCO also lower atherogenic index, TC/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, SGOT, and SGPT. Result shows that HVCO improves lipid profile and liver enzymes better than VCO does.Conclusion: VCO and HVCO improve lipid profile in dyslipidemic rats, not atherogenic, and not toxic to the liver. HVCO causes better lipid profile improvement, especially with 6 ml/kg BW dosage.
A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS
Authors: Mudigubba Manoj Kumar , Murthy Mamatha Krishna , Swaroop Ann Mary , M Nayanatara , Dahiya Saurabh
Published: October 2018

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) pose both financial and health encumbrances for patients. Although prevalence and risk factors associated with ADRs have been published in many studies, most of them lack the statistical evidence for predictors. The aim of this study was to review the published literature to determine the risk factors in the adult and elderly population for ADRs. An electronic search of articles published in English language in databases such as Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted in between January 2001 and April 2018. The search terms used were: “ADRs,” “drug-related problems,” “risk factors,” “general adult population,” “elderly patients,” and “hospital admission.” For inclusion in the review, studies had to include an explicit definition of what was considered an ADR and/or an explicit assessment of causality, as well as a clear description of the method used for ADR identification. Polypharmacy was the major risk factor of ADR followed by comorbidities and length of hospital stay.
EVALUATION OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS AND CALOCYBE INDICA IN SWISS MALE ALBINO MICE
Authors: Ganapathy Jawahar , Renitta Emilin
Published: October 2018

Objective: The present study deals with dietary supplementation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Calocybe indica in Swiss male albino mice in comparison with casein control diet.Methods: The Swiss albino male mice were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as normal, Group II served as control mice, and Groups III and IV mice were fed with food supplement P. ostreatus and C. indica for 28 days. After 28 days, the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation, and liver samples were used to analyze the following parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione (GSH), Vitamin C, and Vitamin E.Results: The results of the present study indicated that dietary supplementation of P. ostreatus and C. indica significantly (p<0.05) increased the antioxidants levels in experimental mice.Conclusion: From the results, it was found that the mushrooms such as P. ostreatus and C. indica seem to be a promising source because of its antioxidant properties. Therefore, this medicinal mushroom could be used as a nutritional supplementation for human.
El desarrollo de la industria minera sonorense: el retorno a la producción de metales preciosos
Authors: Bracamonte Sierra Alvaro , Lara Enríquez Blanca E. , Borbón Almada Martha I.
Published: October 2018

En este artículo muestra cómo la historia antigua y reciente del estado de Sonora se halla estrechamente ligada a la explotación de los ricos yacimientos mineros localizados en la entidad: a fines del siglo pasado, la economía sonorense se concentraba primordialmente en la extracción de metales preciosos, en especial el oro y la plata; después de las primeras décadas del presente siglo fueron los metales industriales, en particular el cobre, los que tomaron el liderazgo en este sector y, en consecuencia, del conjunto de actividad económica estatal. La importancia adquirida por la minería se desdibujó paulatinamente a causa de que la agricultura y la industria manufacturera ampliaron sus espacios de participación y consiguieron altas tasas de crecimiento. Sin embargo, el ensayo presenta las características que en la actualidad posee la industria minera, sobre todo en 1995 y 1996. Se observa un febril dinamismo en la exploración y explotación de varios metales que hace recordar sus mejores años. Lo diferente de este repunte, por una parte, es que los metales preciosos encabezan la expansión y, por otro lado, que el financiamiento de los nuevos proyectos es mayoritariamente la inversión extranjera. Una vez desarrollados estos puntos se concluye que el nuevo boom de la minería sonorense se distingue por estar conformando una estructura de la producción minera donde lo que destaca es la tendencia menos nacional y más vulnerable a los caprichos del ciclo económico internacional.
Internal Control Material Weaknesses and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Violations
Authors: Lin Yi-Hung , Cefaratti Meghann A. , Lee Chih-Chen , Huang Hua-Wei
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between internal control material weaknesses (ICMWs), as measured by presence, number, and type, and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) violations. Our results indicate that firms with ICMWs are more likely to violate the FCPA and firms with multiple ICMWs have a higher likelihood of violating the FCPA than firms with fewer ICMWs. Further, firms with ICMWs related to the risk assessment, control environment, and control activities components of internal controls (based on the COSO Internal Control—Integrated Framework) present a higher risk of FCPA violations than firms without ICMWs in those areas. These findings substantiate the importance of effective internal controls in supporting firms' regulatory compliance.

JEL Classifications: M42; M48; D73.
Improving Diabetes Control Through Remote Glucose Monitoring in a Diabetes Self-Management Program for Employees of a Health System
Authors: Odom Jessica M. , Stancil Michelle , Nelson Bryce , Russ-Sellers Rebecca , Schwecke Nathan , Dawson Jonda , Reulbach Lindsay S. , Burns Alyson , Lindholm Maine , Bruch John S.
Published: October 2018

IN BRIEF This study investigates the combination of diabetes education, telehealth, a wireless enabled meter, and medication algorithms to improve care for a targeted population of employees with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. After more than 2 years of follow-up, mean A1C was reduced by 1.8%, and a reduction was observed in cost of care, along with an increase in visits with the managing physician provider. Thus, this study showed improved diabetes control using new technologies to provide remote monitoring and telehealth augmenting the outreach and education provided in a diabetes self-management program.
Loss of Nuclear and Membrane Estrogen Receptor-α Differentially Impairs Insulin Secretion and Action in Male and Female Mice
Authors: Allard Camille , Morford Jamie J. , Xu Beibei , Salwen Benjamin , Xu Weiwei , Desmoulins Lucie , Zsombok Andrea , Kim Jason K. , Levin Ellis R. , Mauvais-Jarvis Franck
Published: October 2018

Estrogens favor glucose homeostasis primarily through the estrogen receptor-α (ERα), but the respective importance of nuclear ERα (NOER) and membrane ERα (MOER) pools to glucose homeostasis are unknown. We studied glucose homeostasis, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity in male and female mice expressing either the NOER or the MOER. Male and female MOER mice exhibited fasting and fed hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. Female MOER mice displayed impaired central insulin signaling associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance due to unrestrained hepatic gluconeogenesis, without alterations in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In contrast, male MOER mice did not exhibit detectable insulin resistance, but showed impaired GSIS associated with reduced brain glucose sensing. Female NOER mice exhibited milder hepatic insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In conclusion, nuclear ERα signaling is predominant in maintaining glucose homeostasis in mice of both sexes. Lack of nuclear ERα alters the central control of insulin sensitivity in females and predominantly impairs the central regulation of insulin secretion in males.
Cam ve Karbon Elyaf Takviyeli Kompozitlerde Elyaf Cinsinin, Yükün, Kayma Hızı ve Mesafesinin Abrazif Aşınmaya Etkisi
Authors: DEMİR Mehmet Emin , ÇELİK Yahya Hışman , KILIÇKAP Erol
Published: October 2018

Günümüzde, cam ve karbon elyaf takviyeli
kompozitler birçok mühendislik alanında geniş bir uygulama alanına sahiptir. Bu
çalışmada, cam ve karbon elyaf takviyeli kompozit çubukların kuru kayma koşullarındaki
abrazif aşınmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Pin on disk cihazında gerçekleştirilen
deneylerde elyaf türünün, uygulanan yükün (5, 10 ve 15 N), kayma hızının (0.4,
0.6 ve 0.8 m/s) ve kayma mesafesinin (250, 500 ve 750 m) kompozitlerin
tribolojik davranışlarına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar
neticesinde cam elyaf takviyeli kompozitlerdeki sürtünme katsayısının karbon
elyaf takviyeli kompozitlerdeki sürtünme katsayısından daha düşük çıktığı
belirlenmiştir. Aşınmaya bağlı kütle kayıplarında, bütün koşullar için cam
elyafta kütle kaybının daha az olduğu görülmüştür. Artan yük, kayma hızı ve mesafesinin
kütle kaybını arttırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Karbon ve cam elyaf takviyeli
kompozitlerde en yüksek kütle kayıpları, 15 N yük, 0.8 m/s kayma hızı ve 750 m kayma
mesafesinin uygulandığı durumlarda gerçekleşmiştir.
Ferrule Design Does Not Affect the Biomechanical Behavior of Anterior Teeth Under Mechanical Fatigue: An In Vitro Evaluation
Authors: Figueiredo FE , Santos RC , Silva AS , Valdívia AD , Oliveira-Neto LA , Griza S , Soares CJ , Faria-e-Silva AL
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

To investigate the survival and failure mode of fiber-post resin restorations over preparations with different ferrule designs when submitted to a fatigue load test.

Methods and Materials:

Fifty bovine incisors were selected and divided into five groups (n=10) according to ferrule design: a no-ferrule group, a 2-mm circumferential ferrule group, a 2-mm buccal ferrule group, a 2-mm lingual ferrule group, and a 2-mm buccal and lingual ferrule group. The fiberglass post was cemented and the composite core was built up and prepared, followed by cementation of a full composite crown. The samples were subjected to a cyclic fatigue test with loading applicator at 135°; a staircase approach was used until fracture. Survival (cycles to fracture) and failure modes were recorded. Survival data were analyzed with the log-rank test, while Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher exact tests were used to analyze failure mode data (α=0.05).

Results:

The median number of cycles to fracture ranged from 215,000 to 236,153. The log-rank test showed no statistically significant difference in survival rates among the groups (p=0.82). Regarding failure mode, three types were observed: I, post and/or core fracture; II, root fracture in the cervical third; and III, root fracture in the middle third. No statistical difference was observed among the groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, p=0.147).

Conclusion:

The ferrule design had no effect on fatigue resistance or failure mode of endodontically treated incisor teeth restored with a fiber post, composite core buildup, and composite crown.
Varlık vergisinin yazılı basında ele alınışı
Authors: GÜZ Nurettin , YANIK Hayrullah , BİNGÖL Mahmut , UĞUR Zeynep Bengisu
Published: October 2018

Varlık vergisi,
İkinci Dünya Savaşı döneminde Türkiye’de uygulamaya konulan gelir elde etmeyi
amaçlayan vurgunculuk ve karaborsa gibi yollarla haksız kazanç elde edilmesini
engellemeye yönelik bir uygulamadır. Uygulamaya konulduğu dönemden günümüze
kadar olan süreçte konu ile ilgili tartışmalar hâlâ devam etmektedir. Verginin
amaçları, mükelleflere verilen cezalar, azınlıklara yönelik bir baskı aracı
olarak kullanıldığı iddia edilerek sıkça eleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Varlık
Vergisi’nin basında ele alınışı incelenmektedir. Uygulamanın yapıldığı dönemde
yazılı basının haber ve yorumlarda konuya nasıl yaklaştığı çalışmada ortaya
konulmaktadır. Konu kapsamında literatüre dayalı olarak Varlık Vergisi ile
ilgili yaklaşımların verilmesinden sonra Türkiye’deki yazılı basını temsilen
seçilen gazeteler örneklemi üzerinden basının yaklaşımı ele alınmaktadır. Son Telgraf, Son Posta, Cumhuriyet,
Akşam, Yeni Sabah, Tan ve Vatan gazetelerinin haber ve yorumları bu çalışmada
incelenmektedir.
Emotion and Virality: What Makes Online Content Go Viral?
Authors: Berger Jonah , Milkman Katherine L.
Published: October 2018

"Companies are relying more and more on online communication to reach consumers. While some viral campaigns are tremendously successful, others remain far below expectations. But why are certain pieces of online content more viral than others?
An analysis conducted on the New York Times’ most-emailed list, along with further experimental evidence, showed that positive content is more viral than negative content. However, the relationship between emotion and social transmission is more complex than valence alone. Virality is driven, in part, by activation and arousal. Content that evokes either high-arousal positive emotions (awe) or negative emotions (anger or anxiety) tends to be more viral. Content that evokes low arousal or deactivating emotions (e.g., sadness) tends to be less viral. These results were also true when examining how surprising, interesting, or practically useful content is (all of which are positively linked to virality), as well as external drivers of attention (e.g., how prominently content is featured). Taking the effect of emotions into account helps to design effective viral marketing campaigns.
"
The effect of ligand-to-Eu3+ charge-transfer transitions (LMCT) on the photoluminescence intensity of M2SiO4: Eu3+ (M = Ca, Zn) type phosphors
Authors: Öztürk Esra , Karacaoglu Erkul
Published: October 2018

In this study, silicate systems, M2SiO4 (M = Ca, Zn) were produced by solid state reaction and doped with 1 mol% Eu3+ rare-earth ion. Their heat treatments, which were conducted at 1200 °C and above for minimum 3 hours under an open atmosphere, were applied according to the DTA/TG results. Powder X-ray diffraction XRD analyses were performed to determine the phase properties of the phosphor systems after the sintering process. It was proved that the structures of two of the phosphor systems were well formed in except that the Zn2SiO4 had some ZnO secondary phases. The expected photoluminescence (PL) results were presented and the transitions of the Eu3+ ions were observed for both phosphors.
PEMBUATAN SIRUP ASAM JAWA (Tamarindus indica L.) SEBAGAI SALAH SATU USAHA DIVERSIFIKASI PANGAN UNTUK MINUMAN KESEHATAN DI DESA BINTANG MAS KECAMATAN RASAU JAYA KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA
Authors: Dirhamsyah M , ; Nurhaida
Published: October 2018

Desa Bintang Mas merupakan salah satu desa yang mempunyai potensi tumbuhan asam jawa, dimana masyarakatnya belum mengetahui pembuatan sirup asam jawa yang merupakan salah satu minuman kesehatan yang berpeluang ekonomi jika di buat dalam bentuk minuman. Permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra untuk saat ini adalah kurangnya diversifikasi produk dari buah asam jawa yang banyak terdapat di desa mereka. Selama ini buah asam jawa hanya digunakan untuk memasak dan kelebihan produksi hanya di jual dalam bentuk segar saja. Mitra belum mengetahui khasiat minuman segar asam jawa dan asam jawa bisa dibuat sirup, dan jika dijual dalam bentuk sirup selain dapat meningkatkan harga jual juga bisa meningkatkan sumber pendapatan keluarga jika bisnis sirup asam jawa ini di tekuni. Target luaran yang diharapkan di akhir program adalah masyarakat dapat membuat sirup asam jawa dengan kemasan botol yang tersterilisasi dan label yang menarik. Sirup asam jawa dapat menjadi minuman kesehatan keluarga dan jika dijual dapat meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga mitra.
Upaya Penanganan Limbah Olahan Ikan Menjadi Pakan Ternak Unggas dan Pupuk Organik Cair
Authors: Komariyati Komariyati , Padmarsari W. , Surachman Surachman
Published: October 2018

Fish processed waste is an environmental problem for fish processing business in Kuala Secapah village, Mempawah Regency, West Kalimantan. This activity is an integration between the handling of fish processing waste into poultry feed and liquid organic fertilizer and efforts to improve nutrition and income of fish processors and marketers. Implementation of activities includes several stages: socialization, training, mentoring and monitoring evaluation. The indicator of the success of the activity can be seen from (1) the high entrepreneurial spirit for the fish processing and marketing group, (2) increased sales turnover through the management of production systems. The long-term goal of this activity is to become a model of eco friendly fish processing business and become a model of community development for related institutions.
Dynamics of Individual Molecular Shuttles Under Mechanical Force
Authors: Naranjo Teresa , Lemishko Kateryna , Lorenzo Sara de , Somoza Alvaro , Ritort Felix , Pérez Emilio , Ibarra Borja
Published: October 2018

Here, we exploit the high force (0.1 pN), spatial (1 nm) and temporal (1 kHz) resolutions of optical tweezers to quantify and control mechanically the real-time kinetics of individual synthetic molecular shuttles operating at near-physiological conditions, for several hundreds of switching cycles, near equilibrium conditions.