bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notas marginais sobre sujeito e verdade, Parresía, discurso e técnicas de si no pensamento tardio de Michel Foucault
Authors: Portocarrero Vera
Published: December 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é traçar o per l de alguns procedimentos da loso a contemporânea através do método da elaboração de notas marginais. Seu o condutor é a hipótese de que a história do pensamento proposta por Foucault – processo permanente de reelaboração do próprio pensamento através de uma arqueo-genealogia – fornece importante material para este estudo, uma vez que elabora outro tipo de loso a crítica, a do diagnóstico do presente e da concepção de loso a como modo de vida, em que o pensamento é um exercício de si com efeito de transformação do ser mesmo do sujeito na dimensão da prática da vida, da conduta, do governo de si e dos outros. As notas apresentadas podem ser usadas para a pesquisa de certos contornos de nosso pensamento e de nossas práticas losó cas atuais. Elas demonstram que Foucault contribui para traçá-los, sobretudo na medida em que elabora uma loso a contemporânea, crítica e diferenciada.
Bioluminescence as a tool in molecular biology
Authors: Pajor Katarzyna , Sypniewski Daniel , Bednarek Ilona
Published: December 2017

Bioluminescence has been studied for many years by scientists. There are numerous mechanisms of that phenomenon; among them bacterial bioluminescence is the most frequently found in nature. This type of bioluminescence is determined by the appearance of lux operon, which encodes all elements necessary to produce light emission and it does not require any additional substrates supply. Another commonly found example of bioluminescence mechanism is performed by Photinus pyralis. Luciferase of P. pyralis named FLuc requires D-luciferin as a substrate. Bioluminescence is also characteristic for many deep-sea organisms. Most of them are based on oxidation reaction of coelenterazine to coelenteramide mediated by RLuc or GLuc luciferases. Due to the variety of bioluminescence mechanisms in nature, it has become possible to apply them in many sensitive methods that can be used in molecular biology and medicine. The most significant application of bioluminescence is BLI (bioluminescence imaging). This method is cheap and nontoxic which allows both in vitro and in vivo imaging.
BLI applications include, e.g. protein-protein interactions, stem cells labeling, tracking of viral,
bacterial, fungal and parasitical infections, and carcinogenesis analyses. Bioluminescence has
also been used in the creation of modified cell systems capable of light emission in response
to certain analytes and thus very sensitive biosensors have been generated. Other important
areas of bioluminescence application are immunoassays, ATP assays, and BART analysis
(bioluminescent assay in Real-Time) – a very sensitive technique which allows scientists to
estimate nucleic acids amplification.
Why isn’t history a recognized criminal specialists’ teacher?
Authors: Warylewski Jarosław
Published: December 2017

The study includes reflections on the history of punishment and other means of a criminal reaction, their effectiveness and their impact on the criminal justice system. It indicates the limited “repertoire” of the mentioned measures. It draws attention to the real threats to the most important legal interests, especially to life, such as war and terrorism. It doubts the effectiveness of severe penalties, especially the death penalty. Indicates the dangers of penal populism and the perishing of law, including criminal law. It contains an appeal to criminologists and penal law experts to deal with all these dangers in terms of ideas rather than individual regulations.
Entre leis, censos e congressos: o debate sobre o trabalho livre no Brasil, na segunda metade do século XIX
Authors: Brito João Fernando Barreto de
Published: December 2017

Os anos de 1850-1878 notadamente caracterizaram-se por intensos debates entre parlamentares em todo o Estado Imperial, no que tange aos rumos que tomaria a grande lavoura exportadora, dos investimentos e da manutenção do controle dos fazendeiros sobre os trabalhadores livres e cativos. Nesse período, transformações nas relações de trabalho estavam em curso, pautadas por uma nova lógica, a qual se construía de maneira concomitante ao processo de desmoronamento do sistema escravista e às tentativas de regulamentação do trabalho livre, a partir da promulgação de leis como a Lei Eusébio de Queiróz (1850), a Lei de Terras (1850), a Lei do Ventre Livre (1871) e a Lei de Locação de Serviços (1879). Nesse âmbito, as diferenças entre os fazendeiros cafeicultores do Sul e os senhores do açúcar do Norte do Império passariam a polarizar as discussões acerca dos melhoramentos no campo (como financiamentos e usos de novas técnicas) e do controle da mão de obra livre.
Cidade e memória: entre o desejo e o afeto
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Mara Vaz de , Mello Márcia Metran de
Published: December 2017

Este artigo propõe um mergulho na gênese da cidade de Goiânia, perquirindo a memória dos seus criadores e de seus moradores pioneiros. A euforia expressa no desejo e sonho de construir uma nova cidade manifesta-se claramente em todos os relatos oficiais que constituem a memória histórica de Goiânia. Aqueles que detinham o controle do desejo realizaram o sonho. A afeição de todos os pioneiros por aquele lugar inóspito foi garantida pelo desejo de consolidar a cidade nova e moderna, que se contrapunha ao antigo e atrasado representado pela cidade de Goiás. A memória compartilhada manifestou-se nos seus depoimentos. 
Controlar y reformar: la visita al consejo de hacienda de Lope De Los Ríos (1664-1667) = Control and Reform: The Visit to Lope de los Ríos’ the Finances Council (1664-1667).
Authors: Milán Coronado Enrique
Published: December 2017

La situación de déficit financiero que atravesaba la Monarquía y la mala administración del fisco regio hicieron necesario que desde el siglo XVI se pusieran en marcha visitas al Consejo de Hacienda. El objetivo de las mismas era evitar y corregir posibles fraudes cometidos por parte de los oficiales, introducir reformas para mejorar el sistema financiero, la gestión de la administración y la reducción de costes, todo ello con el fin último de incrementar los ingresos de la Real Hacienda. Los resultados de la visita que Lope de los Ríos realiza al Consejo de Hacienda entre 1664 a 1667 cuestionaron, por un lado las labores de “buen gobierno” por parte de algunos oficiales regios y la eficacia de las visitas anteriores, y por otro lado, muestran la existencia de relaciones interpersonales entre los hombres de negocios y asentistas, además de los conflictos suscitados por el Consejo de Hacienda al rechazar ser sometido al control del Consejo de Castilla. AbstractThe deficit situation that the Monarchy was going through and the bad administration of the Royal Treasury made it necessary to put a visit to the Finances Council into action since the XVIth century. The objective of this was to avoid and to correct tax evasions from officers; to introduce reforms improving the financial system, the administration management and the cost reduction; and with that, to increase profits to the Royal Treasury. The results of the Lope de los Ríos’ visit to the Finances Council between 1664 and 1667, on the one hand, question the duties of a “bad administration” by some royal officers and the efficacy of these visits in certain occasions and, on the other hand, show the existence of interpersonal relationships between the businessmen and the contractors, in addition to the conflicts raised by the Council of Finance to reject to be subjected to review by the Council of Castile.
Reseña de: Angulo Morales, Alberto y Aragón Ruan, Álvaro (eds.), Recuperando el Norte. Empresas, capitales y proyectos atlánticos en la economía imperial hispánica, Bilbao, Universidad del País Vasco/ Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, 2016, 374 p. ISBN: 978-
Authors: Gutiérrez Cantero Sergio
Published: December 2017

Reseña de: ANGULO MORALES, Alberto y ARAGON RUANO, Álvaro (eds.), Recuperando el Norte. Empresas, capitales y proyectos atlánticos en la economía imperial hispánica, Bilbao, Universidad del País Vasco/ Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, 2016, 374 p. ISBN: 978-84-9082-467-2.
Introducción: La construcción de la Hacienda hispánica (siglos XVIII y XIX). El gobierno de la Hacienda = Construction of the 18th-19th Century Spanish Public Finance System. The Governance of Public Finances
Authors: Torres-Sánchez Rafael , Bertrand Michel , Dubet Anne , Solbes Ferri Sergio
Published: December 2017

Introducción al monográfico sobre el gobierno de la hacienda.
O CONTRA-ARQUIVO NA ARTE: O PODER XAMÂNICO DE UMA ANTROPOLOGIA REVERSA
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Rocha Melissa O.
Published: December 2017

Um presente ornado por traços surrealistas nos aproximam paulatinamente de uma realidade aparentemente distante, descrita nas profecias apocalípticas de crenças diversas. A superação da barbárie constitui-se na borda de um trajeto inalcançável. A retomada do terror se dá pelo estado de crise - geralmente simulado - na convocação de uma mudança radical por atores variados, não raramente invocando ações de violência sem precedentes contra um pensamento divergente, lavrando um terreno onde uma amnésia sobre as características de barbárie, convenientemente cultivada, floresce. A queda do céu, anunciada pela mitologia Yanomami, seria o cume desta jornada destinada ao declínio múltiplo dos sustentáculos civilizatórios, com seus vícios de origem que os fadam ao fracasso e que provocam, consequentemente, a derrocada indiscriminada aos coniventes e divergentes ao processo. O texto se propõe a apresentar os trabalhos de artistas que se alinham com a discordância, produzindo obras, manifestos e denúncias dos abusos contidos no exercício do poder, seja na democracia ou no estado de exceção.
RETRATOS SEM RETOQUES? A EXPERIÊNCIA DE FOTOBAHIA E O LUGAR SOCIAL DA FOTOGRAFIA
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Rabelo Elson de Assis
Published: December 2017

Como primeiros resultados de pesquisa, analisamos, neste texto, a ocorrência do gênero do retrato nos catálogos intitulados “FotoBahia”, publicados em Salvador, pelo Grupo de Fotógrafos da Bahia, entre 1979 e 1984. Situando essa produção na história da fotografia documental e do fotojornalismo da segunda metade do século XX, tomamos as imagens e os textos que lhes acompanharam e que serviam para veicular as práticas do referido Grupo como ferramentas de trabalho para a compreensão de como o retrato foi pensado como forma visual e como metáfora para o lugar da fotografia. Abordamos, ainda, aspectos da constituição e da margem de experimentação de um tipo de imagem cuja produção desembocava nas controvérsias travadas em torno do papel e dos usos da fotografia, no final da ditadura militar.
“MEMÓRIA DE FERRO”: TRAJETÓRIA ARTÍSTICA E PRODUÇÃO ESTÉTICA DE EDER SANTOS
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Almeida Thamara Venâncio de
Published: December 2017

Este estudo pretende abordar a trajetória artística e a produção estética de Eder Santos, privilegiando as obras que têm o vídeo como um dos suportes. Com uma produção e trajetória multifacetada, como videomaker, cineasta, publicitário e artista, essa análise privilegia a sua produção nesse último empreendimento. Partindo da sua participação com vídeos single channel em festivais de vídeo, em especial o Videobrasil, passaremos brevemente pela sua internacionalização, demonstrando algumas participações em festivais e em mostras de arte em museus estrangeiros, até concluir com a criação de videoinstalações que serviram para inserir o artista no circuito emergente das artes tradicionais aqui no Brasil, em um momento de novas perspectivas e profícua ampliação do mundo da arte contemporânea. No mais, as análises estéticas das obras de Santos nesse estudo privilegiam a temática da política da memória, que tem como recorrente um resgate histórico ao passado, em que intentamos apresentar possíveis eixos de leituras sob essa concepção.
A EVOLUÇÃO ARTÍSTICA E CIENTÍFICA DO ORIGAMI: Um estudo teórico e prático sobre a prática e técnicas das dobraduras
Authors:   Universidade Estadual Paulista, Teixeira Samanta Aline
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo busca entender melhor como o origami foi inserido nas salas de aula e nas galerias de arte para depois se tornar um importante paradigma de inovação tecnológica, especialmente dentro da sustentabilidade. Para tal é feito uma revisão histórica baseada na trajetória de três artistas: Josef Albers, Ronald Resch e Lygia Clark. Investigando a evolução profissional de cada um, nota-se que muitos trabalhos profissionais e pesquisas multidisciplinares são inspirados nessas figuras modernas. Estudando aspectos apontados inicialmente pelos três artistas direta ou indiretamente, são analisados os componentes do origami como dobras-vale, dobras-montanha, crease pattern e o design do origami adaptado. Para complementação do estudo, é feito uma aplicação experimental de um protótipo de bolsa reaproveitando materiais usados; o objetivo é a comprovação prática das técnicas do origami levantadas no estudo, unindo o princípio das dobras com sustentabilidade.
New chorological records for the Iberian Bryophyte Flora. VIII
Authors: Cano María Jesús , Guerra Juan , Cabezudo Baltasar , Tamajón Rafael
Published: December 2017

A partir del estudio de muestras recolectadas y revisadas en el marco del Proyecto Flora Briofítica Ibérica (FBI), y el estudio briofítico que estamos realizando en la Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga) aportamos un total de 32 novedades corológicas provinciales para España y dos para Portugal. A destacar el hallazgo de Scorpidium scorpioides, una especie catalogada como amenazada en España, cuya distribución se extiende al alto valle del Ebro y dos nuevas localidades de Stegonia latifolia, una especie considerada como vulnerable.

From the study of samples collected and reviewed under the Flora Briofítica Ibérica Project as well as the examination of bryophytes from Sierra de las Nieves (Málaga), we provide 32 new provincial records for Spain and two for Portugal. Special mention deserves the new Iberian locality for Scorpidium scorpioides, an endangered species in Spain, whose distribution range is extended to upper Ebro valley and two new localities for Stegonia latifolia, classified as vulnerable species in Spain.
Gernot Böhmes atmosfæreæstetik og vejrfænomenologi
Authors: Frølund Sune
Published: December 2017

The paper explores Gernot Böhme’s interpretation of the concept of atmosphere as an aesthetical concept of the natural environment, especially of the weather. Böhme takes over the concept of atmosphere from Hermann Schmitz’ body phenomenology in which human feelings are considered to be spatial atmospheres. Böhme integrates atmospheres into his phenomenology of nature by showing that they are bodily sensations of human’s mode of being in their environment. Based on this framework he sketches out a phenomenology of the weather, i.e. a theory of the connection of climate and our mode of being. The perspective of the paper is to employ Böhme’s work with atmospheres in environmental education in general, and, speciﬁ cally, in education concerning climate change.
La perception d’adolescents ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme lors du passage au secondaire comparée à celle de leurs pairs
Authors: Leroux-Boudreault Ariane , Poirier Nathalie
Published: December 2017

Le passage vers le secondaire est une étape importante dans la vie des adolescents. En effet, cette transition survient au moment où les jeunes adolescents doivent composer avec plusieurs changements physiques, émotifs et intellectuels. La transition vers le secondaire peut contribuer à l’émergence de troubles de santé mentale. Alors que les écrits scientifiques font état de plusieurs études sur le passage vers le secondaire, peu s’intéressent à la perception des élèves ayant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) vivant le passage vers le secondaire. Cette étude vise à décrire la perception de 14 élèves ayant un TSA intégrés en classe ordinaire comparé à celle de 14 de leurs pairs quant à leurs craintes, leurs anticipations positives et les moyens pouvant faciliter le passage vers le secondaire. Pour ce faire, une entrevue semi-structurée a été réalisée auprès des participants. Par la suite, des tests de McNemar ont été utilisés pour comparer les réponses des deux groupes. Les résultats indiquent qu’il n’existe pas de différence significative quant aux craintes, aux anticipations positives et les moyens susceptibles d’être aidants lors du passage vers le secondaire chez les deux groupes. Ainsi, il est recommandé d’adopter une attitute normalisante auprès de cette clientèle.
De l’entraîneur à l’intervenant : réflexion sur l’apport des connaissances issues des sciences du sport aux interventions basées sur le sport auprès des jeunes contrevenants
Authors: Rioux Michel-Alexandre , Laurier Catherine , Gadais Tegwen , Terradas Miguel
Published: December 2017

L’objectif du présent article est d’initier un dialogue entre les domaines de la psychologie, de la psychoéducation et de la criminologie avec celui des sciences du sport dans le but de synthétiser les récents progrès réalisés en sciences du sport et d’en faire profiter l’intervention basée sur le sport auprès des jeunes contrevenants. Une revue de la littérature a d’abord été effectuée à partir de quatre bases de données : ERIC, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Psycinfo et Sport Discuss. Toutes les études répondant aux critères d’inclusion (n = 8) ont ensuite été analysées de manière descriptive, puis compréhensive à la lumière de la Théorie du changement (Weiss, 1998). Ces analyses ont permis de mettre en lumière les facteurs associés au rôle potentiel de l’entraîneur dans le développement positif des jeunes participants. Ces facteurs concernent le savoir-être et le savoir-faire de l’entraîneur. De plus, cette étude a permis de dégager l’effet que la participation sportive peut avoir sur le bien-être psychologique des jeunes, ainsi que ses conséquences développementales. Finalement des recommandations pratiques concernant la mise en place d’une intervention basée sur le sport en milieu de réhabilitation sont présentées. Ces interventions devraient être dispensées par un intervenant qui : (a) connait bien les besoins des jeunes contrevenants et adapte ses interventions à ceux-ci, (b) possède une philosophie de développement holistique, (c) tend à établir des relations horizontales avec les participants et (d) leur donne une rétroaction positive.
Pourquoi les statistiques sont-elles difficiles à enseigner et à comprendre? Quelques réflexions
Authors: Cousineau Denis , Harding Bradley
Published: December 2017

Les statistiques sont une matière notoirement difficile à enseigner aux étudiants des sciences humaines. L’anxiété statistique, une forme d’anxiété bien documentée chez ces étudiants, est présente dès le début du cours et explique donc une partie des difficultés rencontrées par ces étudiants. Cependant, nous croyons que l’anxiété statistique est la conséquence plutôt que la source de ces difficultés. Pour enclencher une discussion qui, à terme, pourrait bonifier la façon d’enseigner les statistiques dans les sciences humaines, nous examinons ici trois causes qui pourraient expliquer cet anxiété. D’une part, les humains ont très peu d’intuition du hasard (comme le montrent les études sur les jeux d’argent dans lesquels des conceptions erronées sont dévoilées), et donc, les notions de distribution et d’échantillonnage restent des concepts opaques pour plusieurs. De plus, certains concepts statistiques reposent sur des raisonnements « méta-statistiques » dans lesquels il faut concevoir des statistiques sur des statistiques. Finalement, la notion de prise de décision dans un contexte où l’information est partielle et incertaine est souvent mal comprise. Dans ce texte, nous précisons ces trois difficultés et suggérons des recommandations pour en amoindrir les conséquences. Cependant, les pistes présentées ici nécessitent d’être validées par des études formelles; ce texte se veut avant tout un catalyseur de discussions visant l’amélioration de l’état de nos classes de méthodes quantitatives.
Le Manitoba ou le purgatoire prométhéen dans l’imaginaire poétique d’Alexandre L. Amprimoz
Authors: Viselli Sante A.
Published: December 2017

Cette étude se veut un hommage au poète Alexandre L. Amprimoz. Né à Rome de père français et de mère italienne, il porte en lui les signes d’une double sensibilité. Sans cette clef, il serait difficile d’apprécier sa voix, son intarissable désir de créer: l’écriture devient la traduction du drame de celui qui cherche à se libérer de ses peurs, de son passé. C’est au Manitoba que sa plume subira des avatars nécessaires à sa création, à la quête du salut: nouveau Prométhée, il réussira à vaincre le désespoir, à dépasser cette nostalgie si typique des émigrés. Héritier du pays du soleil, il en est en même temps la métaphore et l’antithèse. Il porte en lui l’expérience de la mort et la joie de vivre des méditerranéens, un phénomène culturel d’ailleurs bien connu surtout à Rome. Encore enfant, il ne sera pas sourd à l’appel de ce «bateau ivre» qui le séparera définitivement un jour de l’Italie, de la France. C’est l’appel de l’inconnu où l’enfant et l’exilé se rejoignent dans la même blessure, celle causée par les rêves, le mal du retour et la prise de conscience d’un monde autre, celui du Manitoba et du ciel de la prairie. Son drame touche au paroxysme dans Bouquet de signes où le poète vainc le pessimisme de Conseils aux suicidés. Cependant, cet univers nordique l’enferme comme un oiseau en cage: son chant interminable, comme les hivers manitobains, se colore d’ironie, même d’angoisse existentielle. Amprimoz s’y livre au combat contre les forces de la nature et contre sa sensibilité, combat face auquel il se voit souvent démuni, impuissant: la parole poétique semble échouer au Manitoba, le linceul blanc qui enveloppe les êtres et les choses demeurant celui de la mise au tombeau du crucifié. Il faudra cependant sortir de ce tombeau, se débarrasser du marbre et des cathédrales, des collines toscanes, de la Méditerranée. Malgré les métaphores et images déchirantes qui se dégagent de la poésie d’Amprimoz, le cycle manitobain marqua certes un renouveau de son écriture. C’est dans ce pays en noir et blanc qu’il trouvera les véritables Changements de tons, le fil qui le conduira hors du labyrinthe intérieur, de son purgatoire: il aura enfin trouvé sa maison, sa voix. Prométhée aura conquis la peur, aura atteint la lumière d’autres soleils, certes un rappel émouvant de la Divine comédie de Dante qu’il aimait tant.
Le lexique nordique des jeunes Manitobains : constantes et variations sociolinguistiques dans le vocabulaire fondamental désignant les animaux
Authors: Rodriguez Liliane
Published: December 2017

Ce que l’on appelle le vocabulaire fondamental (ou lexique disponible) des jeunes forme le socle sémantique sur lequel se construit, au fil des ans, le lexique du locuteur adolescent puis adulte, voire l’imaginaire de l’écrivain. Ce vocabulaire est fondamental car il s’acquiert jusqu’à l’âge de treize ans, pour désigner les objets de notre expérience immédiate du monde: les vêtements, les jeux, l’école, les animaux, etc. Nos enquêtes, réalisées en douze communautés du Manitoba entre 1990 et 2006, montrent que la notion sémantique du Nord occupe une place récurrente dans le vocabulaire fon-damental des jeunes Franco-Manitobains. Extraits des corpus lexicométriques établis par des méthodes de statistique lexicale sur les données de ces enquêtes, nos exemples, ici, proviennent du champ lexico-sémantique «Les animaux» (le champ de la faune). Les indices de disponibilité de ces mots (leur usage réel, et non une simple compréhension passive) ont été calculés selon deux paramètres sociolinguistiques: urbain/rural et fille/garçon. Ces indices convergent, mettant en évidence la forte représentation lexicométrique d’une expérience nordique vécue (ours, carcajou, etc.) par rapport à la faible représentation de référents lointains (girafe, éléphant, etc.) dans le développement du lexique, de la mémoire sémantique et de l’imaginaire des jeunes Manitobains.
Pour une histoire mélancolique : Salammbô de Flaubert
Authors: Triaire Sylvie
Published: December 2017

Cet article analyse la manière dont Salammbô, en déplaçant les enjeux de l’histoire du conflit de civilisations (Rome-Carthage) vers l’inexpiable Guerre des Mercenaires, porte atteinte à la fois à l’histoire (celle digne d’être racontée) et à la morale (emportant barbarie et civilisation dans la même débâcle). La poétique flaubertienne de l’histoire (fixer un mirage) confirme en ce sens la position impersonnelle et amorale qui constitue le point de vue de la littérature sur l’histoire.
Des pays : Marie-Hélène Lafon, Pierre Jourde
Authors: Coyault Sylviane
Published: December 2017

Marie-Hélène Lafon, Pierre Jourde : deux auteurs rattachés par leur origine familiale au Cantal. Leurs oeuvres sont en partie consacrées à cette France rurale dont ils sont issus, mais la réception de celles-ci ne va pas de soi auprès des habitants du Cantal. Pierre Jourde a même été victime d’agressions. Si Lafon s’est heurtée à quelque hostilité, elle a pris grand soin par la suite de « brouiller les pistes » et jouit désormais d’une relative immunité. Nous examinons ici deux ouvrages, dont les titres se font écho à neuf ans d’intervalle : Pays perdu de Jourde (2003) et Les Pays de Lafon (2012). Il s’agit de déceler les raisons factuelles, biographiques expliquant la différence de réception, et de comparer les partis pris d’écriture ainsi que les imaginaires.
Helsepersonells erfaringer med pasientforløp i kommuner i Vest-Norge
Authors: Skorpen Torill Aarskog , Kvangarsnes Marit , Hole Torstein
Published: December 2017

Health services in Norway have been described as fragmented with weak coordination between different care levels with respect to patient pathways. The Coordination Reform’s aim was to improve patient pathways and strengthen user participation. The aim of this study was to investigate health personnel ́s experiences with patient pathways in municipalities in Western Norway. A qualitative design was chosen. Six focus group interviews with health personnel working in municipalities in Western Norway were conducted in 2013 and 2014. The interviews revealed that health personnel experienced that local health services gave cohesive patient pathways and strengthened user participation. Cohesive patient pathways and locally adapted pathways were considered important. Coordination and electronic communication between primary and specialist health care services were seen as inadequate. Trust, teamwork, competence and necessary resources were considered vital. Health personnel ́s experiences indicated that the intended aim of cohesive patient pathways near the patient was met.
Dominant Advertisement Strategies in Iranian TV Commercials and their Cognitive Effect
Authors: Khosravizadeh Parvaneh , Jafari Pazoki Saeedeh
Published: December 2017

Advertising strategies are some factors in the content and form of advertisements which are intended to have certain effects on ad viewers or potential customers. These effects could be defined as the kind of cognitive responses they are expected to elicit in their audiences. This study examined 39 Iranian TV commercials in seven product categories to identify the most dominant strategies used by the advertisers and investigated the effect of product type on the selection and use of these strategies. The results showed that Iranian TV commercials used a mixture of analytic and effective cognitive strategies among which “elaborating on the reasons to buy”, “explaining the quality appeal” are the most favorite analytic based strategies and use of emotion and mood arising words is the most dominant affective based advertising method. The results also endorse significant effect of product type on types of strategies employed in the ads.
The Effect of Input-Based and Output-Based Tasks on the Intermediate Iranian EFL Learners’ Writing Achievement in Terms of Coherent Writing
Authors: Malekshahi Negin , Amini Harsini Mohadeseh
Published: December 2017

The present study investigated the effect of form-focused (FoF) tasks on enhancement of Iranian EFL learners’ coherent writing. In this regard, the researchers compared the effectiveness of dictogloss (DIG) task as an output-based task and consciousness raising (CR) task as an input-based task on teaching writing coherent text. Prior to the experiment, the researchers divided 60 Iranian Intermediate EFL learners based on their scores on the Preliminary English Test (PET) into two groups. Throughout the research a pretest and a posttest which had the same format but different topics were run. The instructional treatment continued for 10 sessions which each session lasted 15 minutes. The required texts which consisted of some cohesive devices were taken from "Elementary Steps to Understanding" book, while the method of teaching, as the name of each group is revealed, was different. After analyzing the gathered data via independent sample t-test, findings revealed that significant, though, the treatment of each group on writing was, there were no significant different between the posttest of these two groups. So there were not any significant difference between the performance of CR group and DIG group on producing cohesive devices in a text.
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate disrupts dorsoventral patterning in zebrafish embryos
Authors: Dasgupta Subham , Vliet Sara M. , Kupsco Allison , Leet Jessica K. , Altomare Diego , Volz David C.
Published: December 2017

Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is a high-production volume organophosphate flame retardant widely used within the United States. Within zebrafish, initiation of TDCIPP exposure at 0.75 h post-fertilization (hpf) results in genome-wide alterations in methylation during cleavage (2 hpf) as well as epiboly delay or arrest (at higher concentrations) during late-blastula and early-gastrula (4–6 hpf). To determine whether these TDCIPP-induced effects were associated with impacts on the transcriptome, embryos were exposed to vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or 2 µM TDCIPP from 0.75 hpf to 6 hpf, and total RNA was extracted from triplicate embryo pools per treatment and hybridized onto duplicate Affymetrix Zebrafish Gene 1.0 ST Arrays per RNA sample. Based on transcriptome-wide profiling, TDCIPP resulted in a significant impact on biological processes involved in dorsoventral patterning and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. Consistent with these responses, TDCIPP exposure also resulted in strongly dorsalized embryos by 24 hpf—a phenotype that mimicked the effects of dorsomorphin, a potent and selective BMP inhibitor. Moreover, the majority of dorsalized embryos were preceded by epiboly arrest at 6 hpf. Our microarray data also revealed that the expression of sizzled (szl)—a gene encoding a secreted Frizzled-related protein that limits BMP signaling—was significantly decreased by nearly 4-fold at 6 hpf. Therefore, we used a splice-blocking morpholino to test the hypothesis that knockdown ofszlphenocopies TDCIPP-induced delays in epiboly progression. Interestingly, contrary to our hypothesis, injection ofszlMOs did not affect epiboly progression but, similar tochordin(chd) morphants, resulted in mildly ventralized embryos by 24 hpf. Overall, our findings suggest that TDCIPP-induced epiboly delay may not be driven by decreasedszlexpression, and that TDCIPP-induced dorsalization may—similar to dorsomorphin—be due to interference with BMP signaling during early zebrafish development.
A Model for Low‐Frequency Earthquake Slip
Authors: Chestler S. R. , Creager K. C.
Published: December 2017

Using high‐resolution relative low‐frequency earthquake (LFE) locations, we calculate the patch areas (Ap) of LFE families. During episodic tremor and slip (ETS) events, we define AT as the area that slips during LFEs and ST as the total amount of summed LFE slip. Using observed and calculated values for AP, AT, and ST, we evaluate two end‐member models for LFE slip within an LFE family patch. In the ductile matrix model, LFEs produce 100% of the observed ETS slip (SETS) in distinct subpatches (i.e., AT ≪ AP). In the connected patch model, AT = AP, but ST ≪ SETS. LFEs cluster into 45 LFE families. Spatial gaps (∼10 to 20 km) between LFE family clusters and smaller gaps within LFE family clusters serve as evidence that LFE slip is heterogeneous on multiple spatial scales. We find that LFE slip only accounts for ∼0.2% of the slip within the slow slip zone. There are depth‐dependent trends in the characteristic (mean) moment and in the number of LFEs during both ETS events (only) and the entire ETS cycle (
and
and
and
, respectively). During ETS, Mc decreases with downdip distance but NT does not change. Over the entire ETS cycle, Mc decreases with downdip distance, but NT increases. These observations indicate that deeper LFE slip occurs through a larger number (800–1,200) of small LFEs, while updip LFE slip occurs primarily during ETS events through a smaller number (200–600) of larger LFEs. This could indicate that the plate interface is stronger and has a higher stress threshold updip.
Quantification of Rotavirus Diarrheal Risk Due to Hydroclimatic Extremes Over South Asia: Prospects of Satellite‐Based Observations in Detecting Outbreaks
Authors: Hasan M. Alfi , Mouw Colleen , Jutla Antarpreet , Akanda Ali S.
Published: December 2017

Rotavirus is the most common cause of diarrheal disease among children under 5. Especially in South Asia, rotavirus remains the leading cause of mortality in children due to diarrhea. As climatic extremes and safe water availability significantly influence diarrheal disease impacts in human populations, hydroclimatic information can be a potential tool for disease preparedness. In this study, we conducted a multivariate temporal and spatial assessment of 34 climate indices calculated from ground and satellite Earth observations to examine the role of temperature and rainfall extremes on the seasonality of rotavirus transmission in Bangladesh. We extracted rainfall data from the Global Precipitation Measurement and temperature data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sensors to validate the analyses and explore the potential of a satellite‐based seasonal forecasting model. Our analyses found that the number of rainy days and nighttime temperature range from 16°C to 21°C are particularly influential on the winter transmission cycle of rotavirus. The lower number of wet days with suitable cold temperatures for an extended time accelerates the onset and intensity of the outbreaks. Temporal analysis over Dhaka also suggested that water logging during monsoon precipitation influences rotavirus outbreaks during a summer transmission cycle. The proposed model shows lag components, which allowed us to forecast the disease outbreaks 1 to 2 months in advance. The satellite data‐driven forecasts also effectively captured the increased vulnerability of dry‐cold regions of the country, compared to the wet‐warm regions.
Simulated Effect of Carbon Cycle Feedback on Climate Response to Solar Geoengineering
Authors: Cao Long , Jiang Jiu
Published: December 2017

Most modeling studies investigate climate effects of solar geoengineering under prescribed atmospheric CO2, thereby neglecting potential climate feedbacks from the carbon cycle. Here we use an Earth system model to investigate interactive feedbacks between solar geoengineering, global carbon cycle, and climate change. We design idealized sunshade geoengineering simulations to prevent global warming from exceeding 2°C above preindustrial under a CO2 emission scenario with emission mitigation starting from middle of century. By year 2100, solar geoengineering reduces the burden of atmospheric CO2 by 47 PgC with enhanced carbon storage in the terrestrial biosphere. As a result of reduced atmospheric CO2, consideration of the carbon cycle feedback reduces required insolation reduction in 2100 from 2.0 to 1.7 W m−2. With higher climate sensitivity the effect from carbon cycle feedback becomes more important. Our study demonstrates the importance of carbon cycle feedback in climate response to solar geoengineering.
The Asymmetric Continental Shelf Wave in Response to the Synoptic Wind Burst in a Semienclosed Double‐Shelf Basin
Authors: Qu Lixin , Lin Xiaopei , Hetland Robert D. , Guo Jingsong
Published: December 2017

The primary goal of this study is to investigate the asymmetric structure of continental shelf wave in a semienclosed double‐shelf basin, such as the Yellow Sea. Supported by in situ observations and realistic numerical simulations, it is found that in the Yellow Sea, the shelf wave response to the synoptic wind forcing does not match the mathematically symmetric solution of classic double‐shelf wave theory, but rather exhibits a westward shift. To study the formation mechanism of this asymmetric structure, an idealized model was used and two sets of experiments were conducted. The results confirm that the asymmetric structure is due to the existence of a topographic waveguide connecting both shelves. For a semienclosed basin, such as the Yellow Sea, a connection at the end of the basin eliminates the potential vorticity barrier between the two shelves and hence plays a role as a connecting waveguide for shelf waves. This waveguide enables the shelf wave to propagate from one shelf to the other shelf and produces the asymmetric response in sea level and upwind flow evolutions.
Modeling the Dynamics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over the Antarctic Plateau With a General Circulation Model
Authors: Vignon Etienne , Hourdin Frédéric , Genthon Christophe , Van de Wiel Bas J. H. , Gallée Hubert , Madeleine Jean‐Baptiste , Beaumet Julien
Published: December 2017

Observations evidence extremely stable boundary layers (SBL) over the Antarctic Plateau and sharp regime transitions between weakly and very stable conditions. Representing such features is a challenge for climate models. This study assesses the modeling of the dynamics of the boundary layer over the Antarctic Plateau in the LMDZ general circulation model. It uses 1 year simulations with a stretched‐grid over Dome C. The model is nudged with reanalyses outside of the Dome C region such as simulations can be directly compared to in situ observations. We underline the critical role of the downward longwave radiation for modeling the surface temperature. LMDZ reasonably represents the near‐surface seasonal profiles of wind and temperature but strong temperature inversions are degraded by enhanced turbulent mixing formulations. Unlike ERA‐Interim reanalyses, LMDZ reproduces two SBL regimes and the regime transition, with a sudden increase in the near‐surface inversion with decreasing wind speed. The sharpness of the transition depends on the stability function used for calculating the surface drag coefficient. Moreover, using a refined vertical grid leads to a better reversed “S‐shaped” relationship between the inversion and the wind. Sudden warming events associated to synoptic advections of warm and moist air are also well reproduced. Near‐surface supersaturation with respect to ice is not allowed in LMDZ but the impact on the SBL structure is moderate. Finally, climate simulations with the free model show that the recommended configuration leads to stronger inversions and winds over the ice‐sheet. However, the near‐surface wind remains underestimated over the slopes of East‐Antarctica.
Relamination Styles in Collisional Orogens
Authors: Maierová Petra , Schulmann K. , Gerya T.
Published: December 2017

During continental collision, a part of the lower‐plate material can be subducted, emplaced at the base of the upper plate, and eventually incorporated into its crust. This mechanism of continental‐crust transformation is called relamination, and it has been invoked to explain occurrences of high‐pressure felsic rocks in different structural positions of several orogenic systems. In the present study we reproduced relamination during continental collision in a thermomechanical numerical model. We performed a parametric study and distinguished three main types of evolution regarding the fate of the subducted continental crust: (i) return along the plate interface in a subduction channel or wedge, (ii) flow at the bottom of the upper‐plate lithosphere and subsequent translithospheric exhumation near the arc or in the back‐arc region (“sublithospheric relamination”), and (iii) nearly horizontal flow directly into the upper‐plate crust (“intracrustal relamination”). Sublithospheric relamination is preferred for relatively quick convergence of thin continental plates. An important factor for the development of sublithospheric relamination is melting of the subducted material, which weakens the lithosphere and opens a path for the exhumation of the relaminant. In contrast, a thick and strong overriding plate typically leads to exhumation near the plate interface. If the overriding plate is too thin or weak, intracrustal relamination occurs. We show that each of these evolution types has its counterpart in nature: (i) the Alps and the Caledonides, (ii) the Himalayan‐Tibetan system and the European Variscides, and (iii) pre‐Cambrian ultrahot orogens.
Growing Faults in the Lab: Insights Into the Scale Dependence of the Fault Zone Evolution Process
Authors: Ritter Malte C. , Rosenau Matthias , Oncken Onno
Published: December 2017

Analog sandbox experiments are a widely used method to investigate tectonic processes that cannot be resolved from natural data alone, such as strain localization and the formation of fault zones. Despite this, it is still unclear to which extent the dynamics of strain localization and fault zone formation seen in sandbox experiments can be extrapolated to a natural prototype. Of paramount importance for dynamic similarity is the proper scaling of the work required to create the fault system, Wprop. Using analog sandbox experiments of strike‐slip deformation, we show Wprop to scale approximately with the square of the fault system length, l, which is consistent with the theory of fault growth in nature. Through quantitative measurements of both Wprop and strain distribution we are able to show that Wprop is mainly spent on diffuse deformation prior to localization, which we therefore regard as analogous to distributed deformation on small‐scale faults below seismic resolution in natural fault networks. Finally, we compare our data to estimates of the work consumed by natural fault zones to verify that analog sandbox experiments scale properly with respect to energy, that is, that they scale truly dynamically.
Mapping Surface Heat Fluxes by Assimilating SMAP Soil Moisture and GOES Land Surface Temperature Data
Authors: Lu Yang , Steele‐Dunne Susan C. , Farhadi Leila , van de Giesen Nick
Published: December 2017

Surface heat fluxes play a crucial role in the surface energy and water balance. In situ measurements are costly and difficult, and large‐scale flux mapping is hindered by surface heterogeneity. Previous studies have demonstrated that surface heat fluxes can be estimated by assimilating land surface temperature (LST) and soil moisture to determine two key parameters: a neutral bulk heat transfer coefficient (CHN) and an evaporative fraction (EF). Here a methodology is proposed to estimate surface heat fluxes by assimilating Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) soil moisture data and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) LST data into a dual‐source (DS) model using a hybrid particle assimilation strategy. SMAP soil moisture data are assimilated using a particle filter (PF), and GOES LST data are assimilated using an adaptive particle batch smoother (APBS) to account for the large gap in the spatial and temporal resolution. The methodology is implemented in an area in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. Assessment against in situ observations suggests that soil moisture and LST estimates are in better agreement with observations after assimilation. The RMSD for 30 min (daytime) flux estimates is reduced by 6.3% (8.7%) and 31.6% (37%) for H and LE on average. Comparison against a LST‐only and a soil moisture‐only assimilation case suggests that despite the coarse resolution, assimilating SMAP soil moisture data is not only beneficial but also crucial for successful and robust flux estimation, particularly when the uncertainties in the model estimates are large.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF2 attenuates LPS‐induced macrophage activation by inhibiting production of inflammatory cytokines and migration
Authors: Bian Hongjun , Gao Shanshan , Zhang Di , Zhao Qi , Li Feifei , Li Xiao , Sun Shuohuan , Song Shouyang , Li Tao , Zhu Qiang , Ren Wanhua , Qin Chengyong , Qi Jianni
Published: December 2017

Muscle RING‐finger (MuRF) proteins are E3 ubiquitin ligases that are expressed in striated muscle. MuRF2 is an important member of this family, but whether it is expressed in tissues other than striated muscle has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, we determined that MuRF2 is also expressed in other vital organs, including liver, lung, brain, spleen and kidney. Moreover, we show that the level of MuRF2 expression is significantly decreased in hepatic mononuclear cells of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d‐galactosamine‐induced hepatitis and negatively correlated with the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in these mice. Furthermore, the expression of MuRF2 was down‐regulated in RAW264.7 cells activated with LPS but not in cells treated with polyinosinic‐polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)) or with lipidosome plus Poly(I:C). We also found that MuRF2 was able to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in RAW264.7 cells activated with LPS but not in cells treated with Poly(I:C). In addition, we demonstrated that interleukin 6 and tumour necrosis factor α production and macrophage migration were inhibited after MuRF2 was overexpressed in RAW264.7 cells. We further verified that nuclear factor‐κB p65 subunit level was greatly reduced in RAW264.7 macrophage nuclei by gain of function. Taken together, these findings indicate that MuRF2 may rescue LPS‐induced macrophage activation by suppressing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and cell migration. We also identify a novel function of MuRF2 in non‐muscle tissues and cells.
Nitrogen Catenation: Polyazoles and Polyazines
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S.
Published: December 2017

Polyazoles and polyazines are, respectively, five‐ and six‐membered nitrogen heterocycles. An interesting difference between their geometries is that it is possible in polyazoles (but not in polyazines) to distinguish between formal single and formal double bonds. Our particular focus in this chapter is on those polyazoles and polyazines that feature three or more linked nitrogens in their rings (nitrogen catenation). The presence of ring nitrogens is destabilizing, especially when they are linked. Several possible factors that may be responsible for this effect of catenation are discussed in detail, and it is emphasized that these factors are not mutually exclusive or independent of each other. The electrostatic potentials of the molecules of interest are analyzed and related to their relative stabilities. N‐oxide formation is one means of mitigating the destabilization caused by nitrogen catenation. The acidity/basicity of these polyazoles and polyazines is examined in terms of their electrostatic potentials and local ionization energies. Polyazoles and polyazines have been found to provide good molecular frameworks for energetic materials; this application is briefly mentioned.