bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APLIKASI MODEL ANTRIAN PADA OPTIMALISASI PELAYANAN PT KAI STASIUN LEMPUYANGAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Suryowati Kris , Titah JP Maria , Sari Etika Permata
Published: September 2020

Model antrian merupakan pemodelan matematika yang berkaitan dengan masalah mengantri. Pelayanan pada PT Kereta Api Indonesia Stasiun Lempuyangan Yogyakarta pada akhir pekan (week end) biasanya terjadi peningkatan kedatangan pelanggan cukup tinggi sehingga waktu antar kedatangan lebih kecil dari pada waktu pelayanan, dan garis tunggu (waiting line) cukup panjang. Hal ini menunjukkan tingkat pelayanan tidak optimal, sehingga pada penelitian ini dibahas pembentukan model antrian yang tepat dalam rangka peningkatan kualitas sistem pelayanan. Pada pembahasannya diasumsikan tidak ada pelanggan yang saling mendahului ataupun meninggalkan antrian sebelum selesai dilayani. Data survey waktu antar kedatangan, rata-rata jumlah kedatangan pelanggan per waktu, dan rata-rata pelayanan loket pembelian tiket jarak jauh, serta hasil uji hipotesis menunjukan rata-rata tingkat kedatangan pelanggan berdistribusi Poisson, waktu antar kedatangan berdistribusi eksponensial, rata-rata waktu pelayanan berdistribusi eksponensial, sehingga bentuk modelnya (M/M/1): (GD/∞/∞). Hasil simulasi diperoleh model optimal (M/M/2): (GD/∞/∞). Model antrian pada pelayanan check in tiket (M/M/2): (GD/∞/∞) menunjukkan sudah optimal. Pelayanan cetak tiket mandiri menunjukkan model self service dan modelnya berbentuk (M/M/∞): (GD/∞/∞), hal ini perlu ditingkatkan kualitas layanannya dengan mengganti komputer sesuai spesifikasinya dan diberi petugas, sehingga waktu pelayanan lebih efektif.
MEMBANGUN OBYEK MESIN BUBUT DAN OBYEK PUTARAN MENGGUNAKAN POV-RAY
Authors: Harmastuti Harmastuti
Published: September 2020

Obyek mesin bubut (lathe) adalah obyek yang dibangun dengan memutar kurva pada suatu sumbu putar, Dalam tulisan ini, akan dibangun obyek benda putar yang diperoleh dengan cara memutar kurva yang ditentukan dengan cara menghubungkan sejumlah terbatas pasang koordinat titik yang ditentukan posisinya selanjutnya kurva diputar mengelilingi sumbu Y obyek yang terbentuk berupa benda putaran, menggunakan algoritma SOR dan lathe pada perangkat lunak POV-Ray. Hasil penelitian, Obyek mesin bubut (lathe) dibangun dengan memperhatikan enam pasangan titik kontrol untuk membentuk obyek 3D terbuka dan tujuh pasangan titik kontrol membentuk daerah tertutup dan obyek 3D padat. Obyek lathe linear_spline memerlukan minimal dua pasang titik kontrol, obyek lathe quadratic_spline dalam membentuk obyek memerlukan minimal tiga pasang titik dan obyek lathe cubic_spline dalam membentuk obyek memerlukan lebih dari tiga pasang titik. Obyek sor tidak memperhatikan pasangan titik–titik kontrol membentuk daerah tertutup atau terbuka dan obyek yang terbentuk berupa benda padat tetapi apabila dalam algoritmanya ditambah perintah open akan mengha silkan obyek benda putaran yang terbuka. Kecepatan render pada resolusi 640 x 480, Obyek sor dan lathe cubic_spline bentuk obyek yang dihasilkan sama. Sedangkan untuk obyek lathe linear 5,01 dan 4,65 detik, obyek lathe quadratik 4,95 dan 4,65 detik dan obyek lathe cubic 4,82 dan 5,41 detik.Kata kunci: pigmen wood, objek benda putar 3D, obyek lathe, obyek sor
BILANGAN RAINBOW CONNECTION BERDASARKAN DERAJAT MINIMUM PADA GRAF
Authors: Anggraini Widya , Shiddiq Muhammad Mahfuzh , Affandi Pardi
Published: September 2020

Graf 𝐺𝐺=(𝑉𝑉,𝐸𝐸) terdiri dari 2 himpunan yaitu himpunan tak kosong 𝑉𝑉 dan himpunan 𝐸𝐸 yang mana elemen 𝑉𝑉 disebut titik dan elemen 𝐸𝐸 disebut sisi. Banyaknya sisi yang berhubungan dengan titik 𝑉𝑉 disebut derajat dan minimum dari banyaknya sisi yang berhubungan dengan titik 𝑉𝑉 pada graf 𝐺𝐺 disebut derajat minimum (𝛿𝛿(𝐺𝐺)). Salah satu topik yang dipelajari dalam pewarnaan pada graf adalah rainbow connection. Pewarnaan sisi di 𝐺𝐺 dikatakan rainbow connected jika setiap dua titik yang berbeda dihubungkan oleh lintasan rainbow. Bilangan rainbow connection dari graf terhubung 𝐺𝐺 ditulis 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟(𝐺𝐺) yaitu minimum dari banyaknya warna yang diperlukan untuk membuat 𝐺𝐺 bersifat rainbow connected. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan bilangan rainbow connection dalam graf berdasarkan derajat minimumnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mencari bilangan rainbow connected untuk graf 2-terhubung. Langkah berikutnya dicari juga untuk kasus graf 2-terhubung yang tidak memuat jembatan. Tahap terakhir dari dua dua graf tersebut dilakukan pencarian bilangan rainbow connected untuk graf dengan derajat minimum 3. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah untuk graf terhubung 𝐺𝐺, jika memiliki 𝛿𝛿≥3 maka memiliki bilangan rainbow connection lebih dari 5𝑛𝑛/6.Kata Kunci :graf, derajat, bilangan rainbow connection.
PENYUSUNAN MENU MAKANAN UNTUK PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 TANPA KOMPLIKASI MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA GENETIKA
Authors: Nafata Bayu Basdya , Yusuf Akhmad , Muliadi Muliadi
Published: September 2020

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) adalah suatu penyakit atau gangguan metabolisme kronis dengan multi etiologi yang ditandai dengan tingginya kadar gula darah (hiperglikemik) disertai dengan gangguan metabolisme karbohidrat, lipid dan protein sebagai akibat insufisiensi fungsi insulin. Penderita diabetes melitus sebenarnya dapat di cegah agar tidak lebih parah atau dapat di jaga berat badan ideal penderita diabetes ditambah dengan olahraga teratur. Pola makan yang baik merupakan kunci keberhasilan untuk mengatasi kelebihan kadar gula darah bagi penyandang diabetes, mengontrol pola hidup yang sesuai dapat mencegah atau mempertahankan kondisi penderita diabetes agar tidak lebih parah dari kondisi sebelumnya, salah satu caranya yaitu dengan mengatur pola makan yang sesuai dengan hasil diagnosis dokter atau yang disarankan oleh ahli gizi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses penyusunan menu makanan menggunakan algoritma genetika, dan mengetahui hasil menu makanan yang sesuai untuk penderita diabetes menggunakan algoritma genetika. Algoritma genetika merupakan salah satu algoritma yang dapat melakukan penyusunan makanan berbasis Artificial Intellegent. Algoritma ini menitik beratkan pada pembangkitan populasi awal,  proses crossover, proses mutasi, dan proses seleksi. Sehingga pada proses akhir seleksi terdapat nilai fitness atau nilai terbaik dalam sebuah data. Evaluasi hasil dari algoritma genetika pada penelitian kali ini adalah untuk mendapatkan nilai fitness terbaik pada setiap menu makanan. Dari hasil diperoleh bahwa nilai fitness berbanding terbalik dengan total harga makanan yang dihasilkan. Apabila nilai fitness dari perhitungan tinggi, maka total harga makan akan diperoleh harga yang paling minimal dan sebaliknya sesuai dengan kandungan kebutuhan kalori penderita diabetes mellitus. Proses algoritma genetika dalam menyusun menu makanan dengan hasil komposisi makanan terbaik menggunakan parameter probabilitas crossover 0.9 dan probabilitas mutase 0.1 dengan jumlah iterasi maksimal sebanyak 30 kali. Menghasilkan nilai fitness 0.246928066 dengan komposisi nasi, tahu dan telur sebagai penyusun makanan yang dominan agar tercapai harga minimum tetapi mencukupi kebutuhan kalori harian penderita.Kata Kunci: Menu Makanan, Diabetes Mellitus,  Algoritma Genetika
ANALISIS KRIGING UNTUK MENDETEKSI POLA SPASIAL KASUS DBD DI KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT
Authors: Hardiyanthy Sri Mulyanie , Susanti Dewi Sri , Thresye Thresye
Published: September 2020

Geostatistics is a data processing in geological field that contains spatial information in it. Spatial information is information that identifies geographical location, characteristics of natural conditions and boundaries of the earth. Geostatistics is used to handle regionalized variables. One of the method that used to handle regionalized variables is the kriging method. The kriging method has a lot of expansion in its development, including the Simple Kriging method and the Cokriging method. Both of these methods will be applied in case studies of spatial patterns of dengue in Tanah Laut District. The purpose of this study was to estimate the distribution pattern of DHF in Tanah Laut District and compare the results of the RMSE method of Simple Kriging and Cokriging. The smallest RMSE value was compared and selected, followed by estimation using the Cokriging and Simple Kriging methods. From the two methods used the smallest RMSE value is in the Simple Kriging method. But when you looked from the thematic map of the distribution of dengue patients with the Cokriging and Simple Kriging method, it can be seen that the Cokriging method has a more diverse pattern.   Keywords: geostatisticts , Cokriging , Simple Kriging , DHF
Therapeutic Approach for Global Myocardial Injury Using Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Cardiac Support Device in Rats
Authors: Liu Ziwei , Naveed Muhammad , Baig Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf , Mikrani Reyaj , Zhan Qin , Dar Kashif , Li Cuican , Farooq Muhammad Asim , Saeed Muhammad , Zhou Xiaohui
Published: September 2020

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been considered a promising therapeutic approach to cardiovascular disease. This study intends to compare the effect of BMSCs through a standard active cardiac support device (ASD) and intravenous injection on global myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol. BMSCs were cultured in vitro, and the transplanted cells were labeled with a fluorescent dye CM-Dil. Isoproterenol (ISO) was injected into the rats; two weeks later, the labeled cells were transplanted into ISO-induced heart-injury rats through the tail vein or ASD device for five days. The rats were sacrificed on the first day, the third day, and the fifth day after transplantation to observe the distribution of cells in the myocardium by fluorescence microscopy. The hemodynamic indexes of the left ventricle were measured before sacrificing. H&E staining and Masson’s trichrome staining were used to evaluate the cardiac histopathology. In the ASD groups, after three days of transplantation, there were many BMSCs on the epicardial surface, and after five days of transplantation, BMSCs were widely distributed in the ventricular muscle. But in the intravenous injection group, there were no labeled-BMSCs distributed. In the ASD+BMSCs-three days treated group and ASD+BMSCs -five days-treated group, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+dP/dt), the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decline (-dP/dt) increased compared with model group and intravenous injection group (P<0.05). By giving BMSCs through ASD device, cells can rapidly and widely distribute in the myocardium and significantly improve heart function.
Mutation Hot Spots in Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Virus
Authors: Begum Feroza , Banerjee Arup Kumar , Ray Upasana
Published: September 2020

Spike (S) protein of Coronaviruses help in receptor attachment and virus entry into the host cells. While S protein is required for virus entry, it is also important as an immunogen as it is the most accessible part of the virus architecture. S protein form knob like structures (viral spikes) protruding outwards in the form of homotrimers containing an S1 and S2 as monomers. Mutations in structural proteins of virus play crucial role in determining virulence and also in many instances influencing emergence of antibody escape variants and cellular tropism. In this paper we have performed in depth analyses of spike protein sequences from various parts of the world and tried to correlate the data with possible functional relevance of such mutations.
Effect of pH on the Formation of Amorphous TiO2 Complexes and TiO2 Anatase during Pyrolysis of Aqueous TiCl4 Solution
Authors: Tuan Mai Van , Xuan Dung Mai , Huyen Duong Ngoc
Published: September 2020

The TiO2 nanostructures resulted by pyrolysis of TiCl4 at low temperature of 80 oC are found to be a mixture of amorphous TiO2 complexes and anatase nanostructure whose ratio depends on the pH of the pyrolysis medium. At low pH level, the resulting TiO2 nanostructure is predominant anatase and gradually shifts to the amorphous TiO2 complexes with pH level increasing. By means of heat treatment, the amorphous TiO2 complexes can be converted back to the anatase nanostructure and then transform to rutile with the elevating temperature. Amongst of the TiO2 nanostructure recovered from amorphous TiO2 complexes, the anatase shows to be the most effective photocatalyst in decomposition of methylene blue.
YOLOv2 for Pigs Detection in Industrial Farming
Authors: Khan Akif Quddus , Khan Salman
Published: September 2020

Generic object detection is one of the most important and flourishing branches of computer vision and has real-life applications in our day to day life. With the exponential development of deep learning-based techniques for object detection, the performance has enhanced considerably over the last 2 decades. However, due to the data-hungry nature of deep models, they don't perform well on tasks which have very limited labeled dataset available. To handle this problem, we proposed a transfer learning-based deep learning approach for detecting multiple pigs in the indoor farm setting. The approach is based on YOLO-v2 and the initial parameters are used as the optimal starting values for train-ing the network. Compared to the original YOLO-v2, we transformed the detector to detect only one class of objects i.e. pigs and the back-ground. For training the network, the farm-specific data is annotated with the bounding boxes enclosing pigs in the top view. Experiments are performed on a different configuration of the pen in the farm and convincing results have been achieved while using a few hundred annotated frames for fine-tuning the network.
‘I Waited for It Until Forever’: Community Barriers to Accessing Intellectual Disability Services for Children and Their Families in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Mkabile Siyabulela , Swartz Leslie
Published: September 2020

1) Background: Intellectual disability is more common in low- and middle-income countries than in high-income countries. Stigma and discrimination have contributed to barriers to people with intellectual disability accessing healthcare. As part of a larger study on caregiving of children with intellectual disability in urban Cape Town, South Africa, we interviewed a sub-group of families who had never used the intellectual disability services available to them, or who had stopped using them; 2) Methods: We employed a qualitative research design and conducted semi-structured interviews to explore the views and perspectives of parents and caregivers of children with intellectual disability who are not using specialised hospital services. We developed an interview guide to help explore caregivers’ and parents’ views; 3) Results: Results revealed that caregivers and parents of children with intellectual disability did not use the service due to financial difficulties, fragile care networks and opportunity costs, community stigma and lack of safety, lack of faith in services and powerlessness at effecting changes, and self-stigmatisation; 4) Conclusion: Current findings highlight a need for increased intervention at community level and collaboration with community-based projects to facilitate access to services, and engagement with broader issues of social exclusion.
Focus on Mascarenes Endemic Plants with Specific Phytochemical Composition, Potent Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties
Authors: Rummun Nawraj , Rondeau Philippe , Bourdon Emmanuel , Pires Elisabete , McClullagh James , Claridge Timothy D.W. , Bahorun Theeshan , Li Wen-Wu , Neergheen Vidushi S.
Published: September 2020

Tropical forests constitute prolific sanctuary of unique floral diversity and potential medicinal sources, however, many of them remains unexplored. Herein, seven Mascarene endemic plants leaves were extracted and evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects on a panel of cancer cell lines using MTT and clonogenic cell survival assay. Flow cytometry and comet assay were used to investigate the cell cycle and DNA damaging effects, respectively. Bioassay guided-fractionation coupled with LC-Mass spectrometry (MS), gas chromatography-MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis were used to identify the bioactive compounds. Among the seven plants tested, Terminalia bentzoë was comparatively the most potent antioxidant extract with significantly (p < 0.05) higher cytotoxic activities. T. bentzoë extract further selectively suppressed the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and significantly halted the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase, decreased the cells replicative potential and induced significant DNA damage. Ten phenolic compounds including punicalagin and ellagic acid were identified and likely contributed to the extract potent antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. These results established a promising basis for further in-depth investigations on the potential use of T. bentzoë as supportive therapy in cancer management.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in a Regional Collection of Kersting’s Groundnut (Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal & Baudet)
Authors: Kafoutchoni Konoutan M. , Agoyi Eric E. , Agbahoungba Symphorien , Assogbadjo Achille E. , Agbangla Clément
Published: September 2020

Kersting’s groundnut is an important source of protein and essential nutrients that contribute to food security in West Africa. However, the crop is still underexploited by the populations and under-researched by the scientific community. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 217 Kersting’s groundnut accessions from five origins using 886 DArTseq markers. Gene diversity was low and ranged from 0.049 to 0.064. The number of private alleles greatly varied among populations (42–192) and morphotypes (40–339). Moderate to very high levels of selfing and inbreeding were observed among populations (s=56–85%, FIS=0.389–0.736) and morphotypes (s=57–82%, FIS=0.400–0.691). Moreover, little to very high genetic differentiations were observed among populations (0.006≤FIS≤0.371) and morphotypes (0.029≤FIS≤0.307). Analysis of molecular variance partitioned 38.5% of the genetic variation among and 48.7% within populations (P<0.001). Significant isolations by distance were detected between populations (R2=0.612, P=0.011) and accessions (R2=0.499, P<0.001). Discriminant analysis of principal components and neighbour joining consistently distinguished eight distinct clusters. These data provide a global picture of the existing genetic diversity for Kersting’s groundnut and will guide the choice of breeding strategies to increase production.
The Utility of Grimace Scales for Practical Pain Assessment in Laboratory Animals
Authors: Mota-Rojas Daniel , Olmos-Hernández Adriana , Verduzco-Mendozab Antonio , Hernández Elein , Martínez-Burnes Julio , Whittaker Alexandra
Published: September 2020

Animals’ facial expressions have been widely used as a readout for emotion. Scientific interest in the facial expressions of laboratory animals has centered primarily on negative experiences, such as pain, experienced as a result of scientific research procedures. Recent attempts to standardize evaluation of facial expressions associated with pain in laboratory animals has culminated in the development of “grimace scales”. In the context of laboratory animals, these have been developed and evaluated for mice, rats, rabbits, sheep, and ferrets. The prevention or relief of pain in laboratory animals is a fundamental requirement for in vivo research to satisfy community expectations. However, to date it appears that the grimace scales have not seen widespread implementation as clinical pain assessment techniques in biomedical research. In this review, we discuss some of the barriers to implementation of the scales in clinical laboratory animal medicine, progress made in automation of collection, and suggest avenues for future research.
Perspectives on Applying Artificial Intelligence to Model Outbreak Risk: Contextualizing the Impact of Climate Change on Vector-borne Disease
Authors: Gayle Alberto Alexander
Published: September 2020

As recent history has shown, changing climate not only threatens to increase the spread of known disease, but also the emergence of new and dangerous phenotypes. This occurred most recently with West Nile virus: a virus previously known for mild febrile illness rapidly emerged to become a major cause of mortality and long-term disability throughout the world. As we move forward, into increasingly uncertain times, public health research must begin to incorporate a broader understanding of the determinants of disease emergence – what, how, why, and when. The increasing mainstream availability of high-quality open data and high-powered analytical methods presents promising new opportunities. Up to now, quantitative models of disease outbreak risk have been largely based on just a few key drivers, namely climate and large-scale climatic effects. Such limited assessments, however, often overlook key interacting processes and downstream determinants more likely to drive local manifestation of disease. Such pivotal determinants may include local host abundance, human behavioral variability, and population susceptibility dynamics. The results of such analyses can therefore be misleading in cases where necessary downstream requirements are not fulfilled. It is therefore important to develop models that include climate and higher-level climatic effects alongside the downstream non-climatic factors that ultimately determine individual disease manifestation. Today, few models attempt to comprehensively address such dynamics: up until very recently, the technology simply hasn’t been available. Herein, we present an updated overview of current perspectives on the varying drivers and levels of interactions that drive disease spread. We review the predominant analytical paradigms, discuss their strengths and weaknesses, and highlight promising new analytical solutions. Our focus is on the prediction of arboviruses, particularly West Nile virus, as these diseases represent the pinnacle of epidemiological complexity – solution to which would serve as an effective “gatekeeper”. We present the current state-of-the-art with respect to known drivers of arbovirus outbreak risk and severity, differentially highlighting the impact of climate and non-climatic drivers. The reality of multiple classes of drivers interacting at different geospatial and temporal scales requires advanced new methodologies. We therefore close out by presenting and discussing some promising new applications of AI. Given the reality of accelerating disease risks due to climate change, public health and other related fields must begin the process of updating their research programs to incorporate these much needed, new capabilities.
Molecular Characterization and Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii from Healthy Cattle in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Hwang Sunwoo , Cho Hyung-Chul , Shin Seung-Uk , Kim Ha-Young , Parl Yu-Jin , Jang Dong-Hoon , Kim Eun-Mi , Kim Jong Wan , Park Jinho , Choi Kyoung-Seong
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection according to cattle breeds and growth types. A total of 491 cattle [cattle breed: 216 dairy cattle and 275 beef cattle; according to growth type: indoor housing (n = 294) and grazing (n = 197)] were tested for the presence of C. burnetii DNA and antibodies against C. burnetii using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, 10.8% and 8.8% of the cattle were positive by PCR and for C. burnetii antibodies, respectively. The prevalence of C. burnetii was significantly higher in beef cattle than in dairy cattle using PCR (13.6% vs 7.4%; P = 0.032) and ELISA (14.6% vs 1.4%; P = 0.000), respectively. The overall infection rate of C. burnetii was significantly high in grazing cattle (PCR: 24.9%, ELSIA: 21.3%; P = 0.000) compared with housing cattle (PCR: 1.4%, ELISA: 0.3%). The results indicate that beef cattle have a significantly higher risk of contracting C. burnetii infection compared with dairy cattle (21.5% vs. 7.9%, χ2 = 5.82, P = 0.000, odds ratio = 3.197, 95% CI: 1.80-5.67). In addition, the infection of C. burnetii was significantly associated with grazing (P = 0.000). Moreover, a risk of contracting C. burnetii infection in grazing cattle was increased by 32.57-fold (95% CI: 12.84-82.60, P = 0.000) compared with indoor housed cattle. The phylogenetic analysis based on the IS111 gene revealed that our isolates were grouped together with humans, ticks, goats, and cattle isolates found in several countries. C. burnetii isolates circulating in the Republic of Korea exhibit genetic variations. Consequently, our results suggest that cattle are potential reservoirs for C. burnetii infection and most importantly, grazing acts as a high risk factor for the occurrence and transmission of this infection.
Molecular Typing and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates Recovered from Bovine Mastitis and Nasal Samples
Authors: Santos Renata P. , Souza Fernando N. , Oliveira Ana Claudia C. , de Souza Filho Antônio F. , Aizawa Juliana , Moreno Luisa Z. , da Cunha Adriano F. , Cortez Adriana , Della Libera Alice M. M. P. , Heinemann Marcos B. , Cerqueira Mônica M. O. P.
Published: September 2020

In the present study, we aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance and genetic structure of a population of S. aureus recovered from transient and persistent intramammary infections and nares/muzzles. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance of 189 S. aureus strains using a broad antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Furthermore, 107 S. aureus isolates were strain-typed using staphylococcal protein-A (spa) typing. Here, a great proportion of strains exhibited multidrug resistance to antimicrobials, including resistance to critically important antimicrobials, although no methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains were found. Our study did not strengthen the idea that extramammary niches (i.e., nares/muzzles) are an important source for S. aureus. A discrepancy in the antimicrobial resistance between S. aureus strains isolated from nasal/muzzles and milk samples was observed. Furthermore, S. aureus isolates from transient and persistent IMIs did not differ by spa typing, suggesting that the persistence of bovine IMIs was determined by cow factors. Thus, the high level of multidrug-resistant S. aureus found in the two herds studied together with the predominance of a well udder-adapted S. aureus strain may contribute to the history of the high prevalence of mastitis caused by S. aureus, leading to great animal and public health concerns.
Guggulsterone Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Lysosomal-Dependent Migration in Human Bladder Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Ying , Wang Hisao-Hsien , Chang Hsin-Han , Huang Yun-Hsuan , Wang Jeffrey R. , Changchien Chih-Ying , Wu Sheng-Tang
Published: September 2020

The survival rate and therapeutic options of bladder cancer patients have improved little in recent decades. Guggulsterone (GS), a phytoestrogen, has been investigated as an anticancer drug in various malignancies. The present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effect of E-isomer and Z-isomer GS in the human bladder cancer cell lines TSGH8301 (low-grade) and T24 (high-grade) and its underlying mechanisms. E-isomer GS reduced the survival rate in both low- and high-grade human bladder cancer cells. Colony formation was inhibited after GS treatment. Moreover, cell cycle arrest accompanied by reduced cyclin A, increased p21 and caspase-dependent apoptosis was observed upon GS treatment. Moreover, GS treatment downregulated p-mTOR, mTOR, p-Akt and LC3expression in bladder cancer cells. In addition, GS reduced migration ability with a decrease in integrin-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and myosin light chain (MLC). The GS-mediated migration suppression was prevented by the lysosomal inhibitor NH4Cl in human bladder cancer cells. Current findings suggest that GS treatment may serve as a potential anticancer therapy for both low- and high-grade urothelial carcinoma.
Transformation Kinetics of Burnt Lime in Freshwater and Sea Water
Authors: Justnes Harald , Escudero-Oñate Carlos , Garmo Øyvind Aaberg , Mengede Martin
Published: September 2020

The reaction kinetics of burnt lime (CaO) in contact with sea water has been elucidated and compared to its behaviour in fresh water. In the first minutes of contact between burnt lime and water, it "slaked" as CaO reacted with water to yield calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Subsequently, calcium hydroxide reacted with magnesium, sulphate and carbonate from the sea water to yield magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), calcium sulphate dihydrate (gypsum, CaSO4·2H2O) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3), respectively. In a closed system of 1% CaO in natural sea water (where the supply of sulphate, magnesium and carbonate is limited), more than 90% reacted within the first 5 hours. It is foreseen that in an open system, like a marine fjord, it will react even faster. The pH 8 of sea water close to the CaO particle surface will immediately increase to a theoretical value of about 12.5 but will, in an open system with large excess of sea water, rapidly fall back to pH 10.5 being equilibrium pH of magnesium hydroxide. This is further reduced to < 9 due to the common ion effect of dissolved magnesium in sea water and then be diluted to the sea water background pH, about 8. Field test dosing CaO particles to sea water showed that the pH of water between the particles stayed around 8.
A Simplified Method to Simulate Residual Stresses in Plates
Authors: Gordo José Manuel , Teixeira Gonçalo
Published: September 2020

Welded structures are subjected to internal residual stress after manufacturing that may affect the structural strength and normally are associated with an increase on initial geometrical imperfections. This study presents a simplified method to generate an adequate representation of residual stresses on Finite Element models for structural analysis of thin-walled structures and other applications. The results obtained shown that the methodology proposed to introduce residual stresses is simple, accurate and efficient on the modulation of post-welding stresses and their pattern, thus it may be used for simulation of the thermal process.
Motivational and Control Mechanisms Underlying Adolescent versus Adult Alcohol Use
Authors: Cousijn Janna , Green Kayla H. , Labots Maaike , Vanderschuren Louk J.M.J. , Kenemans J. Leon , Lesscher Heidi M.B.
Published: September 2020

Increased motivation towards alcohol use and suboptimal behavioural control are suggested to predispose adolescents to Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs). Paradoxically however, most adolescent AUDs resolve over time without any formal intervention, suggesting adolescent resilience to AUDs. Importantly, studies directly comparing adolescent and adult alcohol use are largely missing. We therefore aimed to unravel the moderating role of age in the relation between alcohol use and motivational and control-related cognitive processes in 45 adolescent drinkers compared to 45 adults. The results showed that enhancement drinking motives and impulsivity related positively to alcohol use. Although enhancement drinking motives and impulsivity were higher in adolescents, the strength of the relation between these measures and alcohol use did not differ between age groups. None of the alcohol use-related motivational measures (i.e., craving, attentional bias, approach bias) and behavioral control measures (i.e., interference control, risky decision making, working-memory) were associated with alcohol use or differed between age groups. These findings support the role of impulsivity and affective sensitivity in adolescent drinking, but question the moderating role of age therein. The current study contributes towards understanding the role of age in the relation between alcohol use and cognition.
Localisation of Ancient Migration Pathways inside a Fractured Metamorphic Hydrocarbon Reservoir in South-East Hungary
Authors: M. Tóth Tivadar , Molnár László , Körmös Sándor , Czirbus Nóra , Schubert Félix
Published: September 2020

Numerous fractured hydrocarbon reservoirs exist in the metamorphic basement of the Pannonian Basin in Hungary. Many decades of experience in production have proven that these reservoirs are highly compartmentalised, resulting in a complex mosaic of permeable and impermeable domains situated next to each other. Consequently, in most fields, only a small amount of the total hydrocarbon reserve can be extracted. This paper aims to locate the potential migration pathways inside the most productive basement reservoir of the Pannonian Basin, using a multiscale approach. To achieve this, evaluation well-log data, DFN modelling and a composition analysis of fluid trapped in a vein-filling zeolite phase are combined. Data on a single well are presented as an example. The results of the three approaches indicate the presence of two highly fractured intervals separated by a barely fractured amphibolite. The two zones are probably part of the communicating fracture system inside the single metamorphic mass. The gas analysis further specifies the migrated fluids and indicates hydrocarbons of a composition similar to that of the recently produced oil. Consequently, we conclude that the two zones do not only form an ancient migration pathway but are also members of a more recent hydrocarbon system.
Determination of Composite Properties in the Presence of Fiber Deboning and Matrix Damage by Using the Method of Cell
Authors: Ghalandari Mohammad , Toozandehjani Hossein , Mahariq Ibrahim , Abeljawad Thabet
Published: September 2020

In this study, the elastic properties of composite materials are investigated, considering the effects of separation of fiber-matrix joint boundary and matrix failure. In this method, by assuming periodic microstructure and using a linear approximation of the displacement field by applying continuity and equilibrium conditions, the composite fiber composite relation is determined. The effect of separation is assumed by introducing tangential and normal scalar parameters in the equations by assuming the displacement field jump at the common boundary. In order to express the effect of matrix micro-cracks, the fracture mechanics framework of continuous environments was used and the micro-cracks parallel to the fibers, perpendicular to the fibers and in the thickness direction with scalar parameters were expressed. At the end of the effect of these parameters the results are presented in graphs. The results show that the presence of defective joint at the joint boundary and the matrix micro-components reduce the hardness of the composite and thus it’s bearing load, which is more significant at the defective joint state.
Homocysteine in Neurology: A Risk Factor or Something Different in Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Moretti Rita , Caruso Paola , Gazzin Silvia , Tiribelli Claudio
Published: September 2020

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is generated during methionine metabolism. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is typically defined as levels >15 micro mols/L. Elevated plasma levels of Hcy can be caused by the deficiency of either vitamin B12 or folate. The active role of homocysteine is quite ambivalent: many studies detected its potential impact on neurological events; others try to identify it as one of the possible risk factors of cardiovascular events, but with a complementary and secondary role. HHcy has been reported in many neurologic disorders, including cognitive impairment and stroke, independent of long-recognized factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Nowadays, homocysteine could be considered as a possible link between a common vascular risk factor and potential alterations in degenerative neuronal disorders. HHcy-induced oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress; all these aspects have been considered to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including atherosclerosis, major stroke, and vascular dementia. Specific models of astrocytes impairment in HHcy-mice, which mimic small vessel disease, have been developed with a three-step investigation (at 6, 10, 14 weeks of B6, B9, and B12 detrimental diet in wild type HHcy mouse). These studies found out that after ten weeks on a diet (at the most after 14 weeks), end-feet disruption occurs. This phenomenon is concomitant to reduced vascular labeling for aquaporin -4-water channels, lower protein/mRNA levels for Kir4.1, and BK potassium channels, associated with a higher expression of MMP-9. The most exciting finding is that microglial activation in this mice model was evident since the precocious time of observation (6-week time) and precedes astrocytic changes. Our research aims to review the possible role of HHcy in neurodegenerative disease and small-vessel disease and to understand its pathogenic impact.
Influence of Husband Consent to Family Planning and Spousal Communication on the Use of Family Planning among Young Mothers in Peri-Urban, Nigeria
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo , Olagunju Olalekan , Olaniyan Akintayo
Published: September 2020

Men are perceived as significant barriers to the uptake of contraception in some communities, and lack of spousal communication regarding contraception is evident in some studies conducted in South-West and Northern Nigeria. The objective is to identify and discuss how husband consent to family planning (FP) and spousal communication influence family planning use among peri-urban dwellers in Nigeria. The study was limited to the primary dataset collected among young mothers that resides in peri-urban between the age of 15-30 years in South West, Nigeria. The result showed that the use of family planning was high among the respondents whose husband give consent to the use of family planning, and respondents who had appropriate spousal communication. Similarly, respondents whose spouse asks questions or whose husband advises on communication are likely to use FP. On the other hand, respondents whose husband didn’t give consent, respondents with inappropriate communication with the spouse, respondents whose spouses didn’t give advice, and those whose spouses didn’t ask questions are less likely to use FP.
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19 Pandemic) in Nigeria: Multi-institutional Survey of Knowledge, Practices and Perception Amongst Undergraduate Veterinary Medical Students
Authors: Adebowale Oluwawemimo , Adenubi Olubukola , Adesokan Hezekiah , Oloye Abimbola , Bankole Noah , Fadipe Oladotun , Ayo-Ajayi Patience , Akinloye Adebayo
Published: September 2020

Background: The novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with an increasing public health concern. Due to the non-availability of a vaccine against the disease, non-pharmaceutical interventions constitute major preventive and control measures. However, inadequate knowledge about the disease and poor perception might limit compliance. Aim: This study examined COVID-19-related knowledge, practices, perceptions and associated factors amongst undergraduate veterinary medical students in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional web survey was employed to collect data from 437 consenting respondents using pre-tested self-administered questionnaire (August 2020). Demographic factors associated with the knowledge and adoption of recommended preventive practices towards COVID-19 were explored using multivariate logistic regression at P ≤ 0.05.Results: The respondents’ mean knowledge and practice scores were 22.7 (SD ± 3.0) and 24.1 (SD ± 2.9), respectively with overall 63.4% and 88.8% displaying good knowledge and satisfactory practice levels. However, relatively lower proportions showed adherence to avoid touching face or nose (19.5%), face mask-wearing (58.1%), and social distancing (57.4%). Being in the 6th year of study (OR = 3.18, 95%CI: 1.62-6.26, P = 0.001) and female (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.11-4.41, P = 0.024) were significant positive predictors of good knowledge and satisfactory practices, respectively. While only 30% of the respondents perceived the pandemic as a scam or a disease of the elites (24.0%), the respondents were worried about their academics being affected negatively (55.6%). Conclusion: The study revealed good knowledge and satisfactory preventive practices towards COVID-19 among Nigerian Veterinary students; albeit with essential gaps in the key non-pharmaceutical preventive measures recommended by the WHO. Therefore, there is a need to step up enlightenment and targeted campaigns about COVID-19 pandemic.
The Role of Inclusive Leadership Behaviours on Innovative Workplace Behaviour with Emphasis on the Mediator Role of Work Engagement
Authors: Bannay Dheyaa Falih , Hadi al-Thalami Mohammed Jabbar , Al–Shammari Ahmed Abdullah
Published: September 2020

(1) Background: Work creativity, manifested in innovative workplace behaviour (IWB) and employee work engagement, is fundamental to maintain firms’ sustainability and competitiveness. In this regard, this study aims at investigating the supporting effect of innovative leadership on IWB and employee engagement through maximising employee vigour, dedication and absorption. (2) Methods: The study data were collected from questionnaires administered to 150 respondents working in mobile phone companies in southern and central Iraq. The statistical analyses were conducted through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Smart PLS. In analysing the measurement model and testing the proposed hypotheses, the study results revealed that inclusive leadership and work engagement were intimately connected to IWB; (3) Results: Work engagement played a mediating role between inclusive leadership and IWB. The questionnaire data indicated that inclusive leadership behaviours, such as openness, accessibility and availability, motivated the subordinates to be engaged in IWB.; and (4) Conclusions: To promote IWB, company leaders then need to effectively engage their followers by taking pride and satisfaction in employee output, which might aid employee workplace and IWB engagement.
A Finite Element based Micromechanical Model to Simulate Fatigue Damage Development in Open-Hole Laminated Composites
Authors: ghalandari mohammad , Toozandehjani Hossein , Mahariq Ibrahim
Published: September 2020

A micromechanical model is implemented to indicate the progressive fatigue problem of a laminated composite with a central circular hole under fatigue loading based on a finite element model. The mechanical properties of the composite lamina are represented based on the characteristics of the fiber and the matrix through a micromechanics model. An appropriate algorithm is then adopted to simulate fatigue damage development in the composite lamina. According to this algorithm, the stress field of the composite subjected to fatigue load is initially obtained using the finite element method. Finally, the predicted results of the stresses in the constituents i.e. fiber and matrix are determined according to the micromechanical bridging model. Finally applying proper damage driving relations leads to damage degree in each element. The proposed model is proven to be successful in the observation of the fatigue behavior with stiffness degradation in each element of the composite in each cycle. Results are reported and validated using those micromechanical models and experimental data available in the literature.
The using of a neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in premature infants. Article
Authors: Anuriev A. M. , Gorbachev Vladimir I. , Anurieva T. M. , Petrova I. L.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The problem of choosing an adequate mode and parameters of mechanical ventilation (MV) in premature infants remains extremely important in neonatology.

Objectives. To assess the effect of nerve-regulated MV on the gas composition of the blood, the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione in premature infants.

Materials and methods. The study included 46 premature infants who underwent MV from birth. The gestational age of children was 25–32 weeks, birth weight — 520–1100 grams. Two study groups were formed. The first group consisted of newborns with respiratory support in the Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV), the second group consisted of children who underwent Neurally Adjusted Ventilatory Assist (NAVA).At birth and during the first three days, the parameters of the gas composition of venous blood are measured: pH, pCO2, pO2, BE; lactate level. Concentrations of MDA and glutathione determine the first and seventh days of life.

Results. In children of the first group, hypocapnia was observed during the first three days of life, while the minimum level of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) was observed on the first day and amounted to 32.0 (24.9; 37.8) mm Hg. In patients of the second group, pCO2 indices were close to the reference ones and amounted to 36.0 (32.5; 42.2) mm Hg (p = 0.01).Indicators of excess base (BE) were reduced in patients in both groups and on the third day amounted to −6.4 (−7.4;−5.2) mmol/l in children of the first group and −4.7 (−6.0;−3.1) mmol/l in children of the second group (p = 0.02). No statistically significant differences in the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), lactate, and glutathione were observed. Values of MDA were increased in patients of the first and second groups, however, a decrease in its concentration was observed in the dynamics in both groups. On the 7th day, in patients of the first group, the concentration of malondialdehyde decreased from 13.4 nmol/l to 12.0 nmol/l. In patients of the second group, its indices decreased twofold from the initial ones and amounted to 6.3 (5.4; 7.4) nmol/l (p = 0.01).

Conclusion.The use of NAVA ventilation in premature infants ensures a constant gas composition of the blood, and also prevents the activation of lipid peroxidation resulting from hypoxia.
Effect of the antimicrobial stewardship protocol on the results of treatment of ICU patients with respiratory infections in a multidisciplinary hospital. Article
Authors: Zamyatin M. N. , Vekshina Olga A. , Gusarov V. G. , Kuzminov S. U. , Bardin I. V. , Knyazeva P. A.
Published: September 2020

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation in real practice of multidisciplinary hospital ICU a local Protocol for the treatment of respiratory infections.

Materials and methods. The retrospective interventional study with historical control was performed in a regional clinical hospital with 940 beds. The Protocol was based on the results of local bacteriological data and included indications for start therapy, algorithm for selecting and canceling the antibiotic treatment. We included in analysis data from all patients with pneumonia and purulent tracheobronchitis who were treated in ICU for previous andnext year after the implementation of the Protocol (pre- and intervention period). In accordance with the diagnostic criteria, a group of 146 patients was formed out of 1090 patients who were treated in ICU in preintervention period and to compare with 174 patients group in the interventional period out of 1465 ICU patients.

Results. The implementation of the Protocol helped to reduce the average duration of the AMT course from 13.7 to 10.4 days, p < 0.01, the frequency of recurrence of pulmonary infection (22.6 % and 12.6 %, p = 0.028), the duration of artificial ventilation (p < 0.01) and treatment in ICU (for 3 days, p = 0.025). Overall mortality in the groups decreased insignificantly (p = 0.06).

Conclusion. Protocol for respiratory infections treatment is an effective tool for control of antimicrobial therapy. The implementation of the Protocol helps physician to timely and reasonably prescribe those antibiotics to the patient that will ensure an early start of effective therapy, and then also reasonably change the scheme or stop therapy. As a result, treatment results are improved, the probability of progression or recurrence of infection is reduced, the need of ventilatory support is reduced, as well as the duration of respiratory support and stay of patients in the ICU.