bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indoor environmental quality in architecture: A Review
Authors: Li Guolin
Published: February 2025

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) is vital for the well-being, health, and productivity of people in architectural spaces. As the awareness of the importance of IEQ has grown, there has been significant development and research in this field. This article aims to provide an overview of the recent trends in IEQ research in architecture. It emphasizes the significance of creating healthy and comfortable indoor spaces and highlights how IEQ can impact occupants’ well-being and productivity. The article discusses various factors that influence IEQ, such as air quality, thermal comfort, lighting, and acoustics. Additionally, it examines the advancements in design strategies and technologies aimed at improving IEQ. Finally, the article concludes by identifying future research directions and potential areas of innovation in the field of indoor environmental quality. This review highlights that indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has become a central focus in architecture, with research underscoring the significance of creating healthy and comfortable spaces for occupants. Future studies should focus on integrating smart technologies, health-centered design, addressing the impacts of climate change, and enhancing the multi-sensory experience to further improve IEQ and promote human well-being.
The impact of residents empowerment on the protection of intangible cultural heritage based on social exchange theory
Authors: He Jiao , Mohamad Diana Binti
Published: February 2025

The use of tourism as a means to revitalize intangible cultural heritage is common in China. A number of studies have confirmed the role of residents' empowerment in the protection of intangible cultural heritage, so it is crucial to promote residents' deep participation in tourism planning and development. This study examines the impact of empowerment on residents' willingness to participate and the protection of intangible cultural heritage, so as to solve the problem of insufficient participation of residents in the protection of intangible cultural heritage. It aims to emphasize the importance of empowerment and the mediating role of willingness to participate. A survey was conducted among 244 residents from 4 intangible heritage towns in Ganzhou City. The results show that empowerment not only has a significant positive impact on residents' willingness to participate in tourism planning and development but also has a positive impact on the protection of intangible cultural heritage. Additionally, empowerment indirectly affects the protection effect of intangible cultural heritage through the mediation of residents' willingness to participate. Based on these findings, three suggestions are put forward: first, the government should learn to listen to the voice of residents, it can involve residents in heritage management decisions, strengthen their control, self-efficacy and emotional connection with intangible cultural heritage. Secondly, we can pass on traditional skills to the younger generation and enhance their cultural identity. Thirdly, economic empowerment has a better effect on residents' participation in tourism planning and development than psychological and social empowerment. Governments should create job opportunities, support the commercialization of folk performances and heritage-related products, and ensure local communities benefit economically from tourism.
Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade materna no estado do Ceará no período de 2017 a 2021
Authors: Custodio Douglas Batista , Duarte Rafael Bezerra , Barbosa Rayanne de Sousa , Lima Layane Ribeiro , Lima Bruna Oliveira , Abreu Leidy Dayane Paiva de , Marinho Mirna Neyara Alexandre de Sá Barreto , Silva Maria Rocineide Ferreira da
Published: February 2025

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico das mortes maternas nas regiões de saúde do Ceará, Brasil, de 2017 a 2021. Métodos: Estudo transversal, epidemiológico, descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em setembro de 2023 no banco de dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Resultados: Identificou-se um total de 497 mortes maternas no período estudado. No ano de 2021 predominou com 129 mortes. Fortaleza foi a região de saúde que teve mais óbitos registrados, com 104 mortes. Observou-se uma prevalência de mortes em mulheres de 30 a 39 anos (n= 199), cor/raça parda (n= 382), solteiras (n= 265) e escolaridade de 8 a 11 anos (n= 210). Os dados revelam predomínio de óbitos maternos por causa direta (n= 273), ocorridos no puerpério, até 42 dias (n= 347), no ambiente hospitalar (n= 457) e que foram investigados com a ficha síntese informada (n= 486). Conclusão: Faz-se necessário o planejamento e implementação de novas estratégias de saúde materna, bem como de políticas públicas mais eficazes, objetivando a diminuição da mortalidade materna.
Ampliación de la distribución conocida y descripción del plumaje juvenil del azulejo de Wetmore (Buthraupis wetmorei, Thraupidae)
Authors: Leal César A. , Meneses Henry S. , Gereda Oscar , Cuervo Andrés M. , Bonaccorso Elisa
Published: February 2025

Here we report the first record of the Masked Mountain-Tanager (Buthraupis wetmorei) for the Eastern Andes of Colombia, which represents the discovery of the most northern and isolated population (c. 450 km from the nearest locality) of this rare species. The Masked Mountain-Tanager inhabits locally the ecotone between humid elfin Andean forests and paramo. Up to now, it was known from scattered localities from the Huancabamba region in northernmost Peru to the middle section of the Central Andes in Quindío, Colombia. We report observations and photographs of this species from the Tamá National Park, Norte de Santander, Colombia. We found various adults and juveniles joining a flock with the Golden-crowned Tanager (Iridosornis rufivertex) at 3050 m elevation in a subparamo/treeline transition zone. Based on photographs from Tamá and a specimen from Tungurahua, Ecuador, we comment on the juvenile plumage of the Masked Mountain-tanager.
The nest of the Pearled Treerunner (Margarornis squamiger)
Authors: Greeney Harold F. , Gelis Rudy A.
Published: February 2025

The Pearled Treerunner (Margarornis squamiger) is a small ovenbird (Furnariidae) inhabiting the upper strata of Neotropical montane forests. Little is known of its breeding habits despite its wide distribution and abundance within appropriate habitat. The genus Margarornis is considered closely related to Premnoplex barbtails, but details of nest architecture supporting this relationship are unavailable. Here we provide the first detailed description of nest architecture for the Pearled Treerunner from a nest encountered in northwest Ecuador. The nest was a tightly woven ball of moss and rootlets, similar in shape to that of the Spotted Barbtail (Premnoplex brunnescens) and presumably built in a similar manner. Nest architecture and nestling behavior support a close relationship between Margarornis and Premnoplex.
Company Laws Ii India: Comparative Analysis of Companies Act 1956 and Companies Act 2013
Authors: Kapoor Anil , Diksha  , Verma D.P.
Published: February 2025

The concept of a company act was inspired by the English Companies Act of 1844. The Joint Stock Companies Act, India's first company legislation, was enacted in 1850. This Act was succeeded by the Joint Stock Companies Act of 1857, which introduced the notion of limited liability in India for the first time. The concept of a company act was inspired by the English Companies Act of 1844. The Joint Stock Companies Act, India's first company legislation, was enacted in 1850. This Act was succeeded by the Joint Stock Companies Act of 1857, which established limited liability for the first time in India. The corporate sector in India is diversified, and the law, like a living creature, governs the corporate sector of any economy. On the one hand, it is made up of multinational corporations, but it also comprises a large number of small and medium-sized businesses that fuel growth and inject dynamism into the sector. This intriguing patchwork of Corporate India has contributed significantly to India's economic growth. In this study, the researcher attempted to focus on several aspects of company law. For this objective, the researcher collected data from primary and secondary sources.
Development of an IoT-Based Air Quality Monitoring System for Environmental Improvement of the City of Manila
Authors: Francisco Alfredo Mahar
Published: February 2025

Air quality is a critical concern in urban areas, and the city of Manila is no exception. The rapid urbanization and industrialization in Manila have led to deteriorating air quality, posing health risks to its residents. In response to this challenge, this research focuses on the development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based air quality monitoring system. This system aims to provide real-time air quality data, including the concentrations of various pollutants, to enable informed decision-making and environmental improvements in Manila. Through the deployment of IoT sensors, data collection, analysis, and visualization, the system contributes to the ongoing efforts to address air pollution in the city.
The Crime of Genocide and Its Implications In Law Number 39 Of 1999 Concerning Human Rights
Authors: Daeng M Mohd. Yusuf , Saputra Dodi Ripo , Dony Mulian , Siregar Hanipah , Imelda Rezki
Published: February 2025

Genocide crimes are often associated with crimes against humanity, but when examined more closely, genocide crimes differ from crimes against humanity. Genocide crimes target groups such as nations, races, ethnicities, or religions, whereas crimes against humanity are directed at citizens and civilians. Additionally, genocide crimes can annihilate part or all of a group, whereas crimes against humanity do not have such specifications or conditions. The demands for resolving human rights violation cases led to the creation of Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, followed by Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning Human Rights Courts, which aims to address various human rights violation issues, particularly serious human rights violations. Article 7 of the Human Rights Court Law states that genocide crimes are severe human rights violations due to actions such as killing, causing severe suffering, extermination, coercion by groups, and forcibly transferring children from one group to another. Thus, this human rights court law explicitly threatens the perpetrators. The method used is normative legal research. Based on the research results, it is known that Genocide Crimes and Their Implications in Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights show that genocide is one of the most serious forms of human rights violations, involving systematic efforts to destroy certain groups based on ethnicity, religion, or race. Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights does not specifically and in detail regulate genocide crimes and their elements. This results in a lack of a strong and comprehensive legal framework to prosecute genocide perpetrators and provide justice and legal certainty for victims. Law Number 26 of 2000 concerning Human Rights Courts in Indonesia is considered inadequate to handle serious human rights violations. Several weaknesses identified include procedural law still referring to the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), which complicates the proof process, and ambiguities in applying regulations due to the incomplete "elements of crimes" stipulated. This results in a lack of effectiveness in prosecuting serious crimes like genocide, which are often triggered by ethnic, religious, and racial factors. The prohibition of genocide crimes is regulated through international and national laws. However, resolving serious human rights violations within the Indonesian criminal justice system based on Law Number 26 of 2000 has not succeeded in creating legal certainty and justice for the victims of violations in East Timor
Blockchain-IoT Healthcare Applications and Trends: Review
Authors: T. Zahary Ammar , A. N. A. Alnbhany Wafaa
Published: February 2025

The combination of IoT (Internet of Things) and blockchain technology in healthcare has garnered significant interest due to its potential to improve data security, privacy, and overall efficiency within the sector. IoT facilitates continuous patient monitoring through interconnected medical devices that gather and transmit health data in real-time. Given the sensitivity of this data, robust security measures are crucial to prevent unauthorized access and maintain data integrity. Blockchain technology provides a decentralized and unalterable ledger system that can effectively mitigate these security concerns by ensuring that all data transactions are encrypted, time stamped, and accessible only to authorized users. This paper examines the complementary advantages of integrating IoT and blockchain in healthcare, addressing the challenges and proposing solutions for their implementation. The discussion includes a review of existing frameworks and case studies that highlight the practical application with these contributions.
Degradation Analysis of 8.65-year-old Polycrystalline Silicon PV Modules under the Weather Conditions of Sana’a – Yemen
Authors: Dahesh Mohammed , Al-Matwakel Mohammed
Published: February 2025

In 2016, an off-grid PV system (14.64 KW) of (48) multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) modules were installed on the roof of the Yemen Standardization, Metrology and Quality Control Organization (YSMO) in Sana’a – Yemen. In this work, thirty-eight modules from this system were selected for studying the performance degradation after 8.65 years of operation. Degradation analysis of the selected modules was done using visual inspection and current–voltage (I-V) characterization techniques. Results show that the degradation rates in Pmax of the modules under study, over the outdoor exposure period (8.65 years), were found to be between 2.44% and 7.99% with mean of 5.42% and median of 5.24%. By comparing the annual degradation rates with the industry linear warranty based on nominal power of this module, out of the 38 PV modules studied, only 2 modules have been degraded more than 0.7%/year, which implies that these two modules are likely to fail before 25 years in operation under outdoor conditions of Sana’a, Yemen. The remaining 36 PV modules degraded less than 0.7%/year, which are likely to operate reliably for 25 years under outdoor conditions of Sana’a, Yemen. The analysis of electrical performance indicated that the Pmax reduction of the studied modules are mainly related to the losses in the ISC and Imp. Losses in Imp can be ascribed to the decreases of the shunt resistance (Rsh). On the other hand, the reduction in ISC of the modules under study can be correlated to the encapsulation discoloration. The most noticeable visual defect in the studied modules was a discoloring of EVA encapsulant. The encapsulant discoloration reduced the incident photons  that reach the solar cells and thus, decreased the ISC and output power (Pmax) of the modules. Corrosion of the metallisation was also observed in some modules. This defect can lead to reducing the FF of the modules.
Assessing Wind Power Potential at Sana’a and Amran in Yemen
Authors: Hassan Waleed S A , Hassan Ali Saif M , Shukri Mohammed A
Published: February 2025

In the field of electricity generation, one promising area is wind energy, since it is accessible and renewable worldwide. This study evaluated the wind power potential (WPP) at the selected locations (Sana’a and Amran). This study makes use of wind speed data that was recorded at a height of 10 meters over five years (2010–2014). The mean and maximum values of the recorded wind speeds are shown in this study. Analysis was done on the monthly, seasonal, and annual changes in wind speed. Weibull distribution function (WDF) has been used to examine the wind properties and power potential of the suggested locations. Using the real data that was recorded over the five years, the annual mean wind speeds (MWS) in Sana’a were determined to be 2.513, 2.6, 2.445, 2.462 and 2.6 m/s respectively and in Amran, they were determined to be 2.899, 2.656, 2.88, 2.945, 3.05 m/s respectively. The mean power and energy densities over the five years were found to be 8.207 W/m2 and 71.889 kWh/m2; 11.803 W/m2 and 103.396 kWh/m2 for Sana’a and Amran respectively. The power density (PD) determined using the WDF and the power density PD determined using actual wind data were almost identical. Based on the findings, the MWS at the two sites chosen for the study is less than 4.0 m/s, which is far slower than the cut-in wind speed of many wind turbines from modern models. So, we recommend that some studies should be conducted to evaluate the potential for wind energy at some sites in Sana’a and Amran governorates outside the cities especially in or near mountainous site.
Ángela de Oliveira Cézar de Costa
Authors: Domingues Vanessa
Published: February 2025

Ángela de Oliveira Cézar de Costa (1860-1940) was a pioneer in the realms of international pacifism and “female diplomacy” during the late 19th and early 20th century – and yet she remains standing in the shadow of a statue she had commissioned: the Christ in the Andes is far better known than her own name.
Digital transformation plan in Hung Vuong University
Authors: Vy Đại Nghĩa  , Thiều Thị Tài  , Nguyễn Hùng Cường  , Phùng Trung Nghĩa
Published: February 2025

Digital transformation in education in general and higher education, in particular, is an important task in the National Digital Transformation Program for 2025, with a vision for 2030 for the government. Digital transformation in schools is not only a general development trend but also helps change traditional teaching methods to active ones that help learners be proactive and creative when participating in the learning process. Hung Vuong University has significantly progressed in upgrading hardware and software, implementing the Learning Management System, and digitizing administrative processes. However, the digital transformation process has challenges and limitations in terms of resources, usage habits, data security issues, and infrastructure limitations. To overcome the above challenges, strategic planning, and investment, capacity building, strengthening cybersecurity measures, stakeholder engagement, and development are essential. This article explores the digital transformation process of Hung Vuong University, reviews the current status, and offers solutions for the school's digital transformation process shortly.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICINAL PLANTS BELONGING TO MAGNOLIOPHYTA WITH POTENTIAL FOR INFERTILITY TREATMENT IN KON CHU RANG NATURE RESERVE, GIA LAI PROVINCE
Authors: Trần Đức Bình  , Bùi Hồng Quang  , Vũ Anh Thương  , Lê Ngọc Hân  , Vũ Hà Phương  , Nguyễn Thị Thanh  , Phạm Đức Chính  , Nguyễn Thu Thủy
Published: February 2025

Infertility is an ancient condition that remains quite prevalent in modern society. As society becomes increasingly modernized, factors such as lifestyle, diet, and work pressures have contributed to the growing incidence of infertility. The use of medicinal plants to treat infertility is becoming a trend in Vietnam and other countries around the world. The Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve in Gia Lai Province holds immense potential with its rich and diverse flora, including notable medicinal plants with therapeutic properties. We conducted seven field survey trips to collect plant specimens, including two trips to interview the Bana ethnic group about their medicinal plants. In this paper, we provide detailed morphological, biological, and ecological characteristics, distribution, color images, and utilization value of five species, thus contributing to the knowledge base of medicinal plant resources in the Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve.
Investigating Farmers’ Intention to Adopt Renewable Energy Technology for Farming: Determinants of Decision Making in Northern Ghana
Authors: Karbo Ransford , Frewer Lynn , Areal Francisco J. , Boaitey Albert , Jones Glyn , Garrod Guy
Published: February 2025

Integrating renewable energy into agricultural practices can result in environmental and economic benefits. In Ghana, renewable energy resources that can support agronomic activities include solar energy and biomass. Although policies and interventions that promote Ghanaian renewable energy development and implementation currently exist, it is not yet understood which factors motivate farmers to adopt renewable energy technologies within the country’s agricultural sector. This research aimed to identify which psychological and economic factors influence Northern Ghanaian farmers’ intention to adopt renewable energy technology within agriculture. A survey was administered to farmers (n = 418) in Lawra Municipality in Northern Ghana, where farming represents the main source of income. Structural Equation Modelling was applied to test and validate an adapted theoretical model (the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour) to identify which factors are associated with farmers’ likelihood to adopt renewable energy technology. Attitude, Perceived Behavioural Control, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Compatibility, Risk, Peer and External Influences, Self-efficacy, Resource-Facilitating Conditions, and Technology-Facilitating Conditions were positive and significant factors influencing farmers’ intention to adopt renewable energy technology. However, subjective norms did not positively predict farmers’ intentions. The results suggest that to ensure the widespread adoption of renewable energy in Ghanaian agriculture, policies and interventions could usefully align with the psychological attributes of farmers. Policymakers should develop and implement appropriate policies to encourage sustainable technology adoption in agriculture, including tax and credit subsidies and green financing frameworks to increase support for farmers to adopt renewable energy technology.
Edukasi Pentingnya Pertolongan Pertama Pada Kecelakaan (P3K) Pada Siswa SD Negeri 064025
Authors: Manalu Rizki Bastanta B , Siregar Amunsen , Barus Aquilla Diani , Tarigan Aprilia , Lingga Dodi Yustinus
Published: February 2025

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan siswa SD Negeri 064025 dalam melakukan pertolongan pertama pada kecelakaan (P3K), khususnya pada cedera sederhana seperti luka lecet, keseleo, dan tersedak. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan kombinasi presentasi teoretis dan simulasi praktik. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa simulasi praktik lebih efektif dibandingkan presentasi teoretis, karena siswa lebih mudah memahami dan mempraktikkan langkah-langkah P3K. Meskipun demikian, beberapa siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami teknik tertentu, seperti membalut luka dengan benar. Edukasi ini memberikan dampak positif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa, namun diperlukan penyempurnaan metode, seperti penggunaan media interaktif atau permainan edukasi, serta pelibatan guru dan orang tua untuk mendukung penerapan pengetahuan di lingkungan sekolah dan rumah.
Efektivitas Pengelolaan Data Pegawai Melalui Sistem Informasi Manajemen Kepegawaian (SIMPEG) Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja
Authors: Nurbiani Natika , Aisyah Siti
Published: February 2025

Teknologi sistem informasi memainkan peran penting dalam keberhasilan sektor swasta dan organisasi pemerintah. Besarnya sumber daya organisasi, yang didukung oleh manajemen informasi yang baik, tidak mungkin menemui kendala besar. Penempatan informasi yang teratur, akurat, cepat dan terstandar memberikan kontribusi besar bagi kelancaran organisasi dan pencapaian tujuannya. Dengan kemajuan teknologi, kebutuhan akan informasi kepegawaian yang menyajikan data yang mencerminkan keadaan sebenarnya secara cepat dan akurat semakin meningkat. Untuk mengenali kebutuhan ini, perlu dikembangkan sistem informasi manajemen kepegawaian “SIMPEG”. Ini dapat diakses oleh semua departemen kerja di dalam Kementerian Agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan sistem ‘SIMPEK’ ini adalah untuk mengikuti pesatnya perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, khususnya dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif.dengan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi di Kementerian Agama Kota Dumai. Dengan adanya SIMPEG, diharapkan mampu merencanakan, mengembangkan, mengelola, dan menyediakan data kepegawaian dengan cepat dan akurat sesuai dengan kebutuhan organisasi.
Bronhiektazije: strokovne usmeritve za obravnavo na primarni, sekundarni in terciarni ravni
Authors: Košnik Mitja , Kopač Peter , Šarc Irena , Škrgat Sabina , Dolenšek Marija Iča , Edelbaher Natalija , Greif Boris , Ilovski Frosina , Knežević Biljana , Kosten Tatjana , Kotar Tadeja , Marc Malovrh Mateja , Matos Tadeja , Morgan Tina , Osrajnik Ilonka , Petek Davorina , Požek Igor , Romih Tjaša , Salobir Barbara , Seme Katja , Svetina Petra , Šelb Julij , Špes Nina , Šubic Tjaša
Published: February 2025

Bronchiectasis is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by acquired permanent dilatation of the large bronchi or bronchioles. It is considered a rare disease with a prevalence of 67 per 100,000 inhabitants. The characteristic symptoms include chronic cough, sputum production, and recurrent respiratory infections. Acute exacerbations are common, during which the patient produces abundant purulent sputum.The purpose of this document is to implement the international guidelines for bronchiectasis in Slovenian health care system. The document is meant to serve as an agreed approach to the management of patients with bronchiectasis at primary and specialist pulmonary levels in Slovenia.
Arte y periferia
Authors: Rodríguez Arias Ángel Manuel , Peiró López Juan Bautista
Published: February 2025

Starting from an exploration of Iria Candela’s book Sombras de Ciudad, this article examines contextual art in relation to the periphery and how it intertwines with gentrification and urban art. It begins by analyzing how the concept of the periphery has evolved in the Spanish context, highlighting the role of urban art as a critical and transformative tool capable of re-signifying the perception of the periphery and challenging dominant narratives. The case study presented in the city of Valencia exemplifies these dynamics, focusing on city-context artists such as Luce, Anaïs Florin, and Escif, who offer contextual proposals that connect with their environment and provide an aesthetic response to the social realities surrounding them.

Partiendo de una exploración del libro Sombras de Ciudad de Iria Candela, este artículo examina el arte de contexto en relación con la periferia y cómo este se entrelaza con la gentrificación y el arte urbano. Se inicia analizando cómo el concepto de periferia ha evolucionado en el contexto español, destacando el papel del arte urbano como herramienta crítica y transformadora, capaz de resignificar la percepción de la periferia y de cuestionar las narrativas dominantes. El caso de estudio planteado, en la ciudad de Valencia ejemplifica estas dinámicas, centrándose en artistas del contexto de la ciudad como Luce, Anaïs Florin y Escif, quienes presentan propuestas contextuales que conectan con su entorno y ofrecen una respuesta estética a las realidades sociales que les rodean.
Research on Target Peptides and siRNA Delivery Systems in Lung Cancer Targeted Therapy
Authors: Ye Hongsen
Published: February 2025

With the development of gene silencing technology and siRNA, significant potential has been demonstrated in cancer treatment, garnering widespread attention. siRNA specifically targets and degrades certain mRNA, thereby inhibiting the expression of corresponding proteins. It has shown great promise in applications such as cancer, viral infections, and genetic diseases. However, the effective delivery of siRNA has been a major challenge for its clinical application. This paper focuses on discussing the mechanisms and advantages of siRNA delivery systems and introduces the current challenges and research issues faced by siRNA, such as the application mechanisms, dosage, and toxicity of targeted peptides and siRNA delivery systems.
Research on immunotoxins and their applications
Authors: Liu Haotian
Published: February 2025

This article discusses the research progress and application of immunotoxins in cancer therapy. Immunotoxins, are proteins that combine a toxin with an antibody or growth factor, specifically attacking cells with a particular marker. show a high degree of specificity and lethality against cancer cells. The paper reviews the history of immunotoxins, their classification, mechanism of action and their application in the treatment of different types of cancer, emphasizing their potential to reduce immunogenicity and prolong the treatment cycle. Despite challenges such as immunogenicity in clinical applications, immunotoxins are considered to be powerful tools for future cancer therapy.
Penggunaan Media Audio dalam Meningkatkan Maharah Istima’ Siswa Kelas X-2 di Man 1 Kota Bima
Authors: Rajais M. , Muslimin Muslimin , Nurdiniawati Nurdiniawati
Published: February 2025

Permasalahan yang terjadi dilokasi yaitu kurangnya kemampuan mendengar dan menyimak dari para siswa mengakibatkan mereka kurang memahami isi materi yang disampaikan oleh gurunya dan Suara guru yang kurang besar membuat siswa yang begitu banyak di kelas terlihat kesusahan dalam memahami apa yang disampaikan oleh gurunya. Maka Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana kemampuan menyimak dapat ditingkatkan melalui pemanfaatan media audio pada siswa kelas X-2 di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Kota Bima yang berlokasi di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Metodologi yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas atau yang dikenal dengan model Hopkins yaitu penelitian tindakan yang mana dilaksanakan bisa lebih dari  tiga siklus atau lebih. Setiap siklus terdiri dari beberapa kali tindakan.. Penelitian dilaksanakan di MAN 1 Kota Bima dengan melibatkan 38 orang siswa kelas X-2 sebagai subjek penelitian. Dalam mengumpulkan data, peneliti menggunakan beberapa teknik yaitu observasi langsung, wawancara dengan subjek penelitian, serta dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian yang dimanfaatkan meliputi lembar Kusioner untuk pengumpulan data, lembar Observasi untuk mencatat pengamatan, dan penilaian kemampuan menyimak para siswa. Untuk menganalisis data yang terkumpul, peneliti menerapkan tiga metode yaitu Uji Validitas untuk memastikan keabsahan data, Uji Reabilitas untuk mengukur konsistensi, dan analisis Deskriptif Statistik. Pelaksanaan penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 siklus, dimana pada siklus pertama diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 71.18, kemudian meningkat pada siklus kedua dengan nilai rata-rata mencapai 77.37. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terhadap data yang diperoleh, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa penggunaan media audio terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menyimak para siswa. Maka dari itu Salah upaya yang dapat diberikan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan adanya Media audio sangat memiliki dampak positif dalam menunjang semangat belajar para siswa dan proses belajar menjadi lebih efektif. Serta juga mampu meningkatkan keterampilan Menyimak siswa melalui media audio yang dipakai.
The Impact of Non-Performing Loans on Cooperative Profitability
Authors: Utami Tri , Nisak Sayida Khoiratun
Published: February 2025

This study discusses the Kredit jamet. The purpose of cooperatives in extending credit is to increase profitability. The methodology of this study uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The sampling technique used is with saturated samples. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, it is known that the significance value is 0.024, which is smaller than 0.050 (0.024 < 0.050), and the calculation value is 2.384 > 2.045 t of the table. Therefore, it can be concluded that the bad credit variable has a significant effect on the profitability variable. So, Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. The bad credit variable has a significant effect on the profitability variable. Based on the hypothesis test, bad loans have an impact on the profitability of the Srikandi Sukses Bersama Sharia Cooperative. Based on the results of the Coefficient of Determination test, it can be concluded that the influence of the bad credit variable on the profitability of the cooperative is 16.4%, the remaining 0.836% is influenced by other factors other than the variables studied
Online Marketing Strategy in the Perspective of Islamic Economics on Saye Stores
Authors: Ningsih Yulita Futria , Daud Daud , Sunarti Zeni
Published: February 2025

This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted at Toko Saye (Rumah Oleh-Oleh Zhafira) Tanjung Solok Village, Kuala Jambi District. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews and documentation related to the title. The data analysis technique used is qualitative analysis and is presented in descriptive form. Based on the results of the discussion and analysis, conclusions were obtained: Toko Saye (Rumah Oleh-Oleh Zhafira) has implemented a marketing strategy with a 7P marketing mix, namely, product (product), price (price), distribution channel (place), promotion (promotion), people (people), process (process), physical facilities (physical evidence). However, the implementation is not fully maximized because in the promotion section Shopee Toko Saye (Rumah Oleh-Oleh Zhafira) does not carry out promotions as in 7P in the Shopee application, Toko Saye (Rumah Oleh-Oleh Zhafira) instead uses social media such as Instagram and Facebook as promotional media. Even though Shopee is the right media for selling with the right marketing. While in terms of the perspective of Islamic Economics, the 7P marketing mix that has been implemented by Toko Saye (Rumah Oleh-Oleh Zhafira) is in accordance with Islamic Economics based on the characteristics of the Prophet Muhammad Saw, namely fathanah, amanah, shiddiq, and tabligh. These four traits are the traits applied by the Prophet Muhammad
Narcolepsy type 1 and hypocretin neurons
Authors: Maanaki Hassan Ali , Knudsen-Heier Stine , Kornum Birgitte Rahbek
Published: February 2025

Narcolepsy is a neurological sleep disorder characterized by a disrupted sleep-wake cycle. The disorder is subdivided into type 1 (NT1) and type 2, where NT1 is distinguished by cataplexy and low hypocretin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Despite lacking indisputable evidence, the scientific consensus regarding the disease pathogenesis revolves around an autoimmune destruction of the hypocretin neurons. This is now being challenged by a study proposing that NT1 instead stems from an epigenetic silencing of the hypocretin gene, suggesting reversibility and thereby having profound implications, as pointed out in this review.
Navigating Economic Turbulence: Marketing Strategy Innovations for MSMEs
Authors: Sonani Nia
Published: February 2025

This study explores the adaptation of marketing strategies by micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Padang during an economic crisis. The research examines how these businesses have navigated the challenges posed by reduced consumer spending, market uncertainty, and supply chain disruptions. Through qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis, the study identifies key strategies employed by MSMEs, such as digital marketing, product adaptation, and promotional activities. The findings show that MSMEs were able to maintain customer engagement and drive sales by leveraging digital platforms and adjusting their product offerings to meet the needs of price-sensitive consumers. However, challenges such as limited digital literacy, financial constraints, and increased competition were also identified as significant barriers to the effective implementation of these strategies. The study concludes that while MSMEs in Padang demonstrated resilience through adaptive marketing approaches, additional support in digital skills development and resource allocation is needed to enhance their competitiveness in future crises. The research contributes to the understanding of how MSMEs can adapt their marketing strategies during economic downturns and provides recommendations for both businesses and policymakers to improve resilience in the face of ongoing economic challenges.
Eco-Friendly Packaging: Marketing Sustainability from Product to Delivery
Authors: Andi Wardana Miko , Ardian Dede , Islam Fajar
Published: February 2025

This research investigates eco-friendly packaging practices at PT Yakult Indonesia Persada Cab. Padang, focusing on the relationships between packaging materials, marketing communications, perceived environmental impact, and consumer purchase intentions. Employing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 100 consumers using structured surveys and analyzed through Smart PLS. The findings reveal that packaging materials significantly influence consumer perceptions of environmental impact and purchase intentions. While marketing communications were effective in enhancing purchase intentions, their impact on perceived environmental impact was not significant. Furthermore, perceived environmental impact was identified as a crucial mediator between packaging materials and consumer purchasing decisions. These insights underscore the need for PT Yakult to enhance its sustainability strategies and marketing efforts to align with consumer values, thereby fostering brand loyalty and promoting environmental sustainability in West Sumatra.
"THE ROLE OF NON-MONETARY RECOGNITION IN ENHANCING EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION "
Authors: S Dhharini. , B Premkumar
Published: February 2025

Employees are valued as the human capital of any organisation. Employees who are motivated and fulfilled are more likely to accomplish their responsibilities well. Employees who lack motivation are more likely to Employees that put forth minimal effort, create low-quality work, shun the workplace, and even leave for better possibilities. Motivated employees tend to be more determined, inventive, and competent. Motivated workers exhibit contentment, dedication, and enthusiasm at work, leading to optimal retention, loyalty, and harmony. These characteristics greatly enhance the organization's growth and development. This research aims to assess the influence of non-monetary incentives on employees with the help of many literatures reviews
The Role of Education in Promoting Gender Equality in Modern Society
Authors: Karim Dudung Abdul , Pattiruhu Claudia Monique , Chin Jacky
Published: February 2025

Education plays a very important role in forming an equal and just society, especially in promoting gender equality. In a modern society that is increasingly developing and plural, the issue of gender equality becomes very relevant, considering the persistence of gender inequality that still affects various sectors of life, such as economics, politics, and social. Therefore, education, both formal and non-formal, has great potential to address gender inequality and create a more inclusive society. Education not only functions as a means to gain knowledge, but also as an agent of social transformation that can shape individual views and behaviors towards gender issues. This article uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to review the existing literature on the role of education in promoting gender equality. This study highlights various findings on how educational curricula, educational policies, and the role of educators can contribute to achieving gender equality. The results of this study indicate that although education has played an important role in promoting gender equality, there are still major challenges to be overcome, such as the influence of gender stereotypes in the curriculum, unequal access to education, and the lack of policies that support gender inclusivity in many countries.
The Role of Indonesian Language in Developing Critical Thinking Skills of Junior High School Students 16 Jambi City
Authors: Darwin David , Saputra Dedi Gunawan
Published: February 2025

This study aims to examine the role of Indonesian language learning in developing students' critical thinking skills at SMP 16 Jambi City. Using a qualitative approach, this study explores how Indonesian language learning can contribute to developing critical thinking skills through direct interaction with students and teachers. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and document analysis, which were then analyzed to identify relevant patterns and themes. The results of the study indicate that Indonesian language learning has great potential in developing students' critical thinking skills. Learning strategies such as the use of texts, discussions, debates, and argumentative writing have proven effective in improving critical thinking skills. Students are trained to identify main ideas, evaluate arguments, and design coherent and evidence-based argument structures. However, there are several obstacles faced, such as time constraints and differences in student motivation in participating in literacy activities. Therefore, further efforts are needed to overcome these obstacles, such as teacher training, providing relevant teaching materials, and utilizing digital technology. With a more holistic approach, Indonesian language learning can be a more effective tool in developing students' critical thinking skills, which contributes to improving the overall quality of education.
CFA in SEM by LISREL-Assisted to Test The Construct Validity of The Performance of The Sanrobone Elementary School Principal in South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Rafiuddin Rafiuddin , Irham Irham , Nurjihadin Nurjihadin , Syarifuddin Syarifuddin , Rahmat Farah Alfian Ghofar
Published: February 2025

This study aims to test the validity of the construct of the performance of elementary school principals in South Sulawesi Province using CFA in SEM on ​​the LISREL application based on the components of leadership, management, and personality. This type of research is ex-post facto. The number of samples collected through stratified purposive random sampling was 100 respondents with details of 15 principals, 75 class teachers, 5 religious-teachers, and 5 sports teachers in elementary schools in Sanrobone. The data collection technique used a principal performance questionnaire with 4 indicators of leadership, 4 indicators of management, and 7 indicators of personality, as well as documentation of the principal's performance. The research data were analyzed using descriptive statistical from CFA data. The results showed that the construct validity tested using CFA on the principal's performance in the leadership, management, and personality components showed goodness of fit based on the results of the goodness of fit index with the measurement model on the Absolute/Predictive fit Index criteria, namely on RMSEA 0.0057 from the limit value ≤ 0.08; RMR 0.069 from the limit value ≤ 0.1, on the Comparative Index criteria, namely on IFI and CFI each 0.92 from the limit value> 0.90, although on the Parsimony fit Index criteria, namely PNFI and PGFI each below the limit value> 0.90 but not significant. The conclusion of each indicator item contribution also shows that it is greater than the selected standardized solution value, which is greater than 0.3, so it is strong enough to explain the latent variable (principal performance).
The critical role of immune response in lung cancer and its treatment progress
Authors: Zhang Ying
Published: February 2025

Lung cancer, one of the most malignant tumors globally, continues to pose a significant threat to human health due to its high morbidity and mortality. While traditional treatments have made strides in controlling tumor growth, they often come with severe side effects. With advancements in medical technology, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach, yet there remains a lack of comprehensive research summarizing these methods. This paper aims to review the current research progress in immunotherapy for lung cancer. Conducted methods involved searching key terms such as immune response and lung cancer in the PubMed database, focusing on summarizing advancements related to immune response classification, mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies over the past decade. The results highlight the background, types, epidemiology, treatment status, anti-tumor immunity, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and various immunotherapy methods for lung cancer, so as to offer critical insights for clinicians and researchers and lay out valuable references to promote effective management and treatment advancements in lung cancer.
EFFECT OF URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID ON PRURITUS AND FETAL OUTCOMES IN INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS OF PREGNANCY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Dr Sara Shafi  , Dr Amna Rehman  , Dr Nazir Ahmad
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE: To compare the mean pruritus score on VAS at the last visit before presentation for delivery in ursodeoxycholic acid versus placebo groups for the management of pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis.
METHODS: The study design was a randomized controlled trial, to compare the mean pruritus score on VAS at the last visit before presentation for delivery in ursodeoxycholic acid versus placebo groups for management of pregnant women within trahepatic cholestasis. Sample formula and size: 100 (50 in each group). In a study comparing ursodeoxycholic acid versus placebo; post-randomization maternal itch score was lower in the ursodeoxycholic acid group than in the placebo group (49.5+12.9 versus 56.9+13.3; mean difference -5.7 mm [95% CI -9.7 to -1.71], p=0.0054) (10). The sampling technique was non-probability consecutive sampling. Data analysis was performed as, data was entered in and analyzed through SPSS-25. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for age and pruritus on VAS for pruritus assessed before start ofdrug and at last visit before presentation for delivery in both groups.
RESULTS: UDCA was accepted well. Compared to moms who did not receive medication, those who received UDCA had an ICP diagnosis five week’s sooner. Total BA and ALT levels were greater in the UDCA-using group at diagnosis than in the non-UDCA-using group. The perinatal outcome was favorable, and the majority of deliveries were induced. The UDCA group had significantly lower Apgar ratings at 5 minutes (p <0.05), however both groups' fetal umbilical artery pH values were comparable (p >0.05). Those deliveries were induced shortly after diagnosis for 30 patients whose total BA was greater than 40 μmol/l at diagnosis, 24 of whom had UDCA, and 6 of whom were not taking any medication. These patents also had a higher prevalence of premature labor (p<0.05).ICP was identified sooner in women having preterm newborns, and their pruritus had a noticeably earlier beginning. Both at diagnosis and at first control, those pregnancies had significantly higher serum ALT and total BA levels.
CONCLUSION: Severe ICP (total BA > 40 μmol/l) was linked to preterm labor; ALT levels were also significantly higher, and ICP was identified sooner (p < 0.05). Preterm newborns' umbilical artery pH levels were not significantly lower, although their Apgar scores were poorer (p < 0.05). Pregnant women tolerated UDCA nicely. The obstetric result was favourable with low-dose UDCA therapy. Careful obstetrical follow-up is still advised.