bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Porosity Prediction With Uncertainty Quantification From Multiple Seismic Attributes Using Random Forest
Authors: Zou Caifeng , Zhao Luanxiao , Xu Minghui , Chen Yuanyuan , Geng Jianhua
Published: June 2021

Inferring porosity of subsurface from seismic data is of profound significance to many fields of Earth science and engineering applications, including but not limited to: hydrocarbon reservoir characterization, underground water flow modeling, geological CO2 storage, and geothermal energy exploitation. Traditional model‐driven approaches confront the problems of strong nonlinearity and geological heterogeneity, while machine learning is good at nonlinear mapping, providing higher efficiency and accuracy as well. We propose a Random Forest (RF) based method using multiple seismic attributes to predict the underground porosity distribution with uncertainty quantification. The standard deviation of base models' predictions is used to quantify the regression uncertainty of RF. The uncertainty can robustly indicate the prediction quality in numerous experiments, where low uncertainty corresponds to relatively precise prediction and high uncertainty gives a possibility of larger errors. Furthermore, we utilize the quantified uncertainty to improve the RF regression accuracy by correcting the originally predicted porosity according to the statistical relationship between the absolute error and the standard deviation. The application of the proposed method on seismic data shows its potential to characterize spatially varying reservoir parameters, and the quantified uncertainty profile offers insights into risk evaluation for hydrocarbon exploration and development.
A Semi‐Analytical Solution to Evaluate the Spatiotemporal Behavior of Diffusive Pressure Plume and Leakage From Geological Storage Sites
Authors: Das Ayon Kumar , Hassanzadeh Hassan
Published: June 2021

Analytical and semi‐analytical approaches provide an easy‐to‐use tool to verify the success of long‐term and large‐scale deployment of subsurface CO2 storage. Existing classical solutions lack significant features that are essential in the interpretation of the spatiotemporal evolution of pressure plume. We, obviating the limiting assumptions, report a novel general semi‐analytical solution to a physical problem where a storage layer and a caprock are embedded in an infinite medium. We exploited the features of an integral transform technique and Laplace transform to derive the new solution. An effective numerical treatment is suggested to evaluate the obtained solutions. We identify a distorted Gaussian spatiotemporal pressure plume for the cases when the overburden/underburden permeabilities are less than that of the storage layer. We investigate the nature of temporal behavior of leakage rates and identify a scaling relation in the form of Ld ∝ td1/2 for dimensionless leakage rate and time. We also present a benchmark pressure trend to detect the pressure anomaly signaling potential brine and CO2 leakage. This theory will be invoked as a benchmark analytical study in fields where diffusion is of immense interest.
Injectable non-leaching tissue-mimetic bottlebrush elastomers as an advanced platform for reconstructive surgery
Authors: Dashtimoghadam Erfan , Fahimipour Farahnaz , Keith Andrew N. , Vashahi Foad , Popryadukhin Pavel , Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani Mohammad , Sheiko Sergei S.
Published: June 2021

Current materials used in biomedical devices do not match tissue’s mechanical properties and leach various chemicals into the body. These deficiencies pose significant health risks that are further exacerbated by invasive implantation procedures. Herein, we leverage the brush-like polymer architecture to design and administer minimally invasive injectable elastomers that cure in vivo into leachable-free implants with mechanical properties matching the surrounding tissue. This strategy allows tuning curing time from minutes to hours, which empowers a broad range of biomedical applications from rapid wound sealing to time-intensive reconstructive surgery. These injectable elastomers support in vitro cell proliferation, while also demonstrating in vivo implant integrity with a mild inflammatory response and minimal fibrotic encapsulation.
Conservation and divergence of vulnerability and responses to stressors between human and mouse astrocytes
Authors: Li Jiwen , Pan Lin , Pembroke William G. , Rexach Jessica E. , Godoy Marlesa I. , Condro Michael C. , Alvarado Alvaro G. , Harteni Mineli , Chen Yen-Wei , Stiles Linsey , Chen Angela Y. , Wanner Ina B. , Yang Xia , Goldman Steven A. , Geschwind Daniel H. , Kornblum Harley I. , Zhang Ye
Published: June 2021

Astrocytes play important roles in neurological disorders such as stroke, injury, and neurodegeneration. Most knowledge on astrocyte biology is based on studies of mouse models and the similarities and differences between human and mouse astrocytes are insufficiently characterized, presenting a barrier in translational research. Based on analyses of acutely purified astrocytes, serum-free cultures of primary astrocytes, and xenografted chimeric mice, we find extensive conservation in astrocytic gene expression between human and mouse samples. However, the genes involved in defense response and metabolism show species-specific differences. Human astrocytes exhibit greater susceptibility to oxidative stress than mouse astrocytes, due to differences in mitochondrial physiology and detoxification pathways. In addition, we find that mouse but not human astrocytes activate a molecular program for neural repair under hypoxia, whereas human but not mouse astrocytes activate the antigen presentation pathway under inflammatory conditions. Here, we show species-dependent properties of astrocytes, which can be informative for improving translation from mouse models to humans.
Quantitative evaluation of cement paste carbonation using Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Mi Tangwei , Li Yongqiang , Liu Wei , Li Weiwen , Long Wujian , Dong Zhijun , Gong Qianyi , Xing Feng , Wang Yaocheng
Published: June 2021

Carbonation induced corrosion is one of the major durability issues for reinforced concrete structures. To address this issue, it is essential to understand the underlying mechanism of carbonation by detecting the ingress of the CO2 and carbonation depth quantitatively. This paper demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy, as a powerful technique, to implement quantification analysis of cement paste carbonation. In present work, the correlation between the content of the CO32− and the Raman peak intensity was initially established by using several standard specimens premixed with certain amount of CO32−. The established correlation was then used to investigate the carbonation of the cement paste in a CO2 diffusion scenario, and the results show a good agreement with that obtained by thermogravimetry measurements. Therefore, the feasibility of the Raman spectroscopy to quantify the carbonation degree of the cement paste can be demonstrated.
Raman imaging of ferroelastically configurable Jahn–Teller domains in LaMnO3
Authors: Kim Yong-Jin , Park Heung-Sik , Yang Chan-Ho
Published: June 2021

The Jahn–Teller (JT) effect, through geometric deformation of molecules or local ionic lattices, lowers the overall energy of the system by removing electron degeneracy from partially occupied orbitals. Crystal symmetry lowered by JT distortion inevitably creates multiple variants of elastic and orbital-anisotropic states. Visualization and control of the domain/wall textures create a cornerstone to understand various correlated phenomena and explore wall properties. Here, we report the real-space observation of JT phonon and orbiton-related domains in a LaMnO3 thin film using confocal Raman spectromicroscopy. The characteristic symmetries of the JT-originated Raman modes allow us to detect and visualize the local population and orientation of the JT planes. Combined with a crystal structural analysis, we find that the formation of ferroelastic domains with W or W’ walls provides the basic framework for understanding JT domain textures. Furthermore, we demonstrate the JT domains can be manipulated by applying local external stress. Our findings provide a useful pathway for mechanically-tunable orbitronic applications.
Coexistence of ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and superconductivity in magnetically anisotropic (Eu,La)FeAs2
Authors: Yu Jia , Le Congcong , Li Zhiwei , Li Lisi , Liu Tong , Liu Zengjia , Zhang Bo , Shen Bing , Ruan Binbin , Ren Zhi’an , Wang Meng
Published: June 2021

Materials with exceptional magnetism and superconductivity usually conceive emergent physical phenomena. Here, we investigate the physical properties of the (Eu,La)FeAs2 system with double magnetic sublattices. The parent EuFeAs2 shows anisotropy-associated magnetic behaviors, such as Eu-related moment canting and exchange bias. Through La doping, the magnetic anisotropy is enhanced with ferromagnetism of Eu2+ realized in the overdoped region, and a special exchange bias of the superposed ferromagnetic/superconducting loop revealed in Eu0.8La0.2FeAs2. Meanwhile, the Fe-related antiferromagnetism shows unusual robustness against La doping. Theoretical calculation and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy investigation reveal a doping-tunable dual itinerant/localized nature of the Fe-related antiferromagnetism. The coexistence of the Eu-related ferromagnetism, Fe-related robust antiferromagnetism, and superconductivity is further revealed in Eu0.8La0.2FeAs2, providing a platform for further exploration of potential applications and emergent physics. Finally, an electronic phase diagram is established for (Eu,La)FeAs2 with the whole superconducting dome adjacent to the Fe-related antiferromagnetic phase, which is of benefit for seeking underlying clues to high-temperature superconductivity.
Forecasting point-of-consumption chlorine residual in refugee settlements using ensembles of artificial neural networks
Authors: De Santi Michael , Khan Usman T. , Arnold Matthew , Fesselet Jean-François , Ali Syed Imran
Published: June 2021

Waterborne illnesses are a leading health concern in refugee and internally displaced person (IDP) settlements where waterborne pathogens often spread through household recontamination of stored water. Ensuring sufficient chlorine residual is important for protecting drinking water against recontamination and ensuring water remains safe up to the point-of-consumption. We used ensembles of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to probabilistically forecast the point-of-consumption free residual chlorine (FRC) concentration and to develop point-of-distribution FRC targets based on the risk of insufficient FRC at the point-of consumption. We built ANN ensemble models using data from three refugee settlements and found that the risk-based FRC targets generated by the ensemble models were consistent with an empirical water safety evaluation, indicating that the models accurately predicted the risk of low point-of-consumption FRC despite all ensemble forecasts being underdispersed even after post-processing. This demonstrates the usefulness of ANN ensembles for generating risk-based point-of-distribution FRC targets to ensure safe drinking water in humanitarian operations.
Whole-exome sequencing reveals a novel homozygous mutation in the COQ8B gene associated with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Fareed Mohd , Makkar Vikas , Angral Ravi , Afzal Mohammad , Singh Gurdarshan
Published: June 2021

Nephrotic syndrome arising from monogenic mutations differs substantially from acquired ones in their clinical prognosis, progression, and disease management. Several pathogenic mutations in the COQ8B gene are known to cause nephrotic syndrome. Here, we used the whole-exome sequencing (WES) technology to decipher the genetic cause of nephrotic syndrome (CKD stage-V) in a large affected consanguineous family. Our study exposed a novel missense homozygous mutation NC_000019.9:g.41209497C > T; NM_024876.4:c.748G > A; NP_079152.3:p.(Asp250Asn) in the 9th exon of the COQ8B gene, co-segregated well with the disease phenotype. Our study provides the first insight into this homozygous condition, which has not been previously reported in 1000Genome, ClinVar, ExAC, and genomAD databases. In addition to the pathogenic COQ8B variant, the WES data also revealed some novel and recurrent mutations in the GLA, NUP107, COQ2, COQ6, COQ7 and COQ9 genes. The novel variants observed in this study have been submitted to the ClinVar database and are publicly available online with the accessions: SCV001451361.1, SCV001451725.1 and SCV001451724.1. Based on the patient's clinical history and genomic data with in silico validation, we conclude that pathogenic mutation in the COQ8B gene was causing kidney failure in an autosomal recessive manner. We recommend WES technology for genetic testing in such a consanguineous family to not only prevent the future generation, but early detection can help in disease management and therapeutic interventions.
Variability in time to surgery for patients with acute thoracolumbar spinal cord injuries
Authors: Badhiwala Jetan H. , Lebovic Gerald , Balas Michael , da Costa Leodante , Nathens Avery B. , Fehlings Michael G. , Wilson Jefferson R. , Witiw Christopher D.
Published: June 2021

There are limited data pertaining to current practices in timing of surgical decompression for acute thoracolumbar spinal cord injury (SCI). We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate variability in timing between- and within-trauma centers in North America; and to identify patient- and hospital-level factors associated with treatment delay. Adults with acute thoracolumbar SCI who underwent decompressive surgery within five days of injury at participating trauma centers in the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program were included. Mixed-effects regression with a random intercept for trauma center was used to model the outcome of time to surgical decompression and assess risk-adjusted variability in surgery timeliness across centers. 3,948 patients admitted to 214 TQIP centers were eligible. 28 centers were outliers, with a significantly shorter or longer time to surgery than average. Case-mix and hospital characteristics explained < 1% of between-hospital variability in surgical timing. Moreover, only 7% of surgical timing variability within-centers was explained by case-mix characteristics. The adjusted intraclass correlation coefficient of 12% suggested poor correlation of surgical timing for patients with similar characteristics treated at the same center. These findings support the need for further research into the optimal timing of surgical intervention for thoracolumbar SCI.
Genes and pathways associated with pregnancy loss in dairy cattle
Authors: Sigdel Anil , Bisinotto Rafael S. , Peñagaricano Francisco
Published: June 2021

Pregnancy loss directly impairs reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Here, we investigated genetic factors associated with pregnancy loss following detection of a viable embryo around 42 days of gestation. The objectives of this study were to perform whole-genome scans and subsequent gene-set analyses for identifying candidate genes, functional gene-sets and gene signaling pathways implicated in pregnancy loss in US Holstein cows. Data consisted of about 58,000 pregnancy/abortion records distributed over nulliparous, primiparous, and multiparous cows. Threshold models were used to assess the binary response of pregnancy loss. Whole‐genome scans identified at least seven genomic regions on BTA2, BTA10, BTA14, BTA16, BTA21, BTA24 and BTA29 associated with pregnancy loss in heifers and lactating cows. These regions harbor several candidate genes that are directly implicated in pregnancy maintenance and fetal growth, such as CHST14, IGF1R, IGF2, PSEN2, SLC2A5 and WNT4. Moreover, the enrichment analysis revealed at least seven significantly enriched processes, containing genes associated with pregnancy loss, including calcium signaling, cell–cell attachment, cellular proliferation, fetal development, immunity, membrane permeability, and steroid metabolism. Additionally, the pathway analysis revealed a number of significant gene signaling pathways that regulate placental development and fetal growth, including Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, MAPK, Hippo, mTOR and TGFβ pathways. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the genetic and biological basis of pregnancy loss in dairy cattle and points out novel strategies for improving pregnancy maintenance via marker‐assisted breeding.
Combination of retinoids and narrow-band ultraviolet B inhibits matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes and a mouse model of psoriasis
Authors: Xi Chan , Xiong Chuanxi , Wang Huiping , Liu Yuanjun , Luo Suju
Published: June 2021

Matrix metalloproteinase13 (MMP13) can be released by keratinocytes and fibroblasts and involved in the pathogenesis of skin disorders. Retinoic acid derivative drugs include tazarotene and acitretin. Tazarotene/acitretin and narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) irradiation are common treatment options for psoriasis. However, their impact on MMP13 expression in the context of psoriasis has yet to be determined. The expression of MMP13 was analyzed in patients with psoriasis. The effects of tazarotene/acitretin and NB-UVB on MMP13 expression were also investigated in a mouse model of psoriasis. Human HaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to acitretin or NB-UVB and then assayed for cell proliferation and MMP13 expression levels. We showed that patients with psoriasis had increased levels of MMP13 protein in skin lesions and serum samples. Exposure to acitretin and NB-UVB irradiation alone or in combination led to reduction of cell proliferation and MMP13 expression in HaCaT cells. Consistently, tazarotene treatment or NB-UVB irradiation attenuated imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis and decreased MMP13 expression in a mouse model. Based on these from HaCaT keratinocytes cells and animal experiments, we suggest that tazarotene/acitretin and NB-UVB irradiation can inhibit the expression of MMP13 in HaCaT keratinocytes and psoriasis mouse models. Blockade of MMP13 activity may have therapeutic potential in improving symptoms of psoriasis.
Prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of multidrug resistant Escherichia coli among slaughterhouse workers
Authors: Aworh Mabel Kamweli , Abiodun-Adewusi Oluwadamilola , Mba Nwando , Helwigh Birgitte , Hendriksen Rene S.
Published: June 2021

The increasing occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coliin human and animal population has become a global public health problem that requires immediate intervention. We aimed to investigate prevalence and risk factors for faecal carriage of drug-resistantE. coliamong slaughterhouse workers. We conducted this cross-sectional study among 118 apparently healthy workers in the largest slaughterhouses in Abuja and Lagos from July to December 2020.E. coliwas isolated from stool samples of slaughterhouse workers and antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. Majority were males: 88.1% (n = 104), aged > 41 years: 28.8% (n = 34), married: 70.3% (n = 83), and were butchers: 53.4% (n = 63). Prevalence of MDRE. coliwas 50% (n = 59), highest among butchers compared to slaughterhouse cleaners. Of 75E. coliisolates identified, 25.3% (n = 19) were ESBL producers; 78.7% (n = 59) were MDR. Keeping animals (p = 0.01); eating at the slaughterhouse (p = 0.03) and collecting waste (p = 0.02) remained independent risk factors for acquiring MDRE. coli. Prevalence of resistantE. coliwas highest among butchers and associated with keeping animals at home, eating at work, and waste-collection. Hand-hygiene and responsible use of antibiotics among slaughterhouse workers should be encouraged.
p38-MAPK-mediated translation regulation during early blastocyst development is required for primitive endoderm differentiation in mice
Authors: Bora Pablo , Gahurova Lenka , Mašek Tomáš , Hauserova Andrea , Potěšil David , Jansova Denisa , Susor Andrej , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Ajduk Anna , Pospíšek Martin , Bruce Alexander W.
Published: June 2021

Successful specification of the two mouse blastocyst inner cell mass (ICM) lineages (the primitive endoderm (PrE) and epiblast) is a prerequisite for continued development and requires active fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) signaling. Previously, we identified a role for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38-MAPKs) during PrE differentiation, but the underlying mechanisms have remained unresolved. Here, we report an early blastocyst window of p38-MAPK activity that is required to regulate ribosome-related gene expression, rRNA precursor processing, polysome formation and protein translation. We show that p38-MAPK inhibition-induced PrE phenotypes can be partially rescued by activating the translational regulator mTOR. However, similar PrE phenotypes associated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway inhibition targeting active FGF4 signaling are not affected by mTOR activation. These data indicate a specific role for p38-MAPKs in providing a permissive translational environment during mouse blastocyst PrE differentiation that is distinct from classically reported FGF4-based mechanisms.
Hepatic resistance to cold ferroptosis in a mammalian hibernator Syrian hamster depends on effective storage of diet-derived α-tocopherol
Authors: Anegawa Daisuke , Sugiura Yuki , Matsuoka Yuta , Sone Masamitsu , Shichiri Mototada , Otsuka Reo , Ishida Noriko , Yamada Ken-ichi , Suematsu Makoto , Miura Masayuki , Yamaguchi Yoshifumi
Published: June 2021

Mammalian hibernators endure severe and prolonged hypothermia that is lethal to non-hibernators, including humans and mice. The mechanisms responsible for the cold resistance remain poorly understood. Here, we found that hepatocytes from a mammalian hibernator, the Syrian hamster, exhibited remarkable resistance to prolonged cold culture, whereas murine hepatocytes underwent cold-induced cell death that fulfills the hallmarks of ferroptosis such as necrotic morphology, lipid peroxidation and prevention by an iron chelator. Unexpectedly, hepatocytes from Syrian hamsters exerted resistance to cold- and drug-induced ferroptosis in a diet-dependent manner, with the aid of their superior ability to retain dietary α-tocopherol (αT), a vitamin E analog, in the liver and blood compared with those of mice. The liver phospholipid composition is less susceptible to peroxidation in Syrian hamsters than in mice. Altogether, the cold resistance of the hibernator’s liver is established by the ability to utilize αT effectively to prevent lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
Auditory cortical micro-networks show differential connectivity during voice and speech processing in humans
Authors: Steiner Florence , Bobin Marine , Frühholz Sascha
Published: June 2021

The temporal voice areas (TVAs) in bilateral auditory cortex (AC) appear specialized for voice processing. Previous research assumed a uniform functional profile for the TVAs which are broadly spread along the bilateral AC. Alternatively, the TVAs might comprise separate AC nodes controlling differential neural functions for voice and speech decoding, organized as local micro-circuits. To investigate micro-circuits, we modeled the directional connectivity between TVA nodes during voice processing in humans while acquiring brain activity using neuroimaging. Results show several bilateral AC nodes for general voice decoding (speech and non-speech voices) and for speech decoding in particular. Furthermore, non-hierarchical and differential bilateral AC networks manifest distinct excitatory and inhibitory pathways for voice and speech processing. Finally, while voice and speech processing seem to have distinctive but integrated neural circuits in the left AC, the right AC reveals disintegrated neural circuits for both sounds. Altogether, we demonstrate a functional heterogeneity in the TVAs for voice decoding based on local micro-circuits.
Plant-soil feedbacks help explain biodiversity-productivity relationships
Authors: Forero Leslie E. , Kulmatiski Andrew , Grenzer Josephine , Norton Jeanette M.
Published: June 2021

Species-rich plant communities can produce twice as much aboveground biomass as monocultures, but the mechanisms remain unresolved. We tested whether plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) can help explain these biodiversity-productivity relationships. Using a 16-species, factorial field experiment we found that plants created soils that changed subsequent plant growth by 27% and that this effect increased over time. When incorporated into simulation models, these PSFs improved predictions of plant community growth and explained 14% of overyielding. Here we show quantitative, field-based evidence that diversity maintains productivity by suppressing plant disease. Though this effect alone was modest, it helps constrain the role of factors, such as niche partitioning, that have been difficult to quantify. This improved understanding of biodiversity-productivity relationships has implications for agriculture, biofuel production and conservation.
Environmental conditions dictate differential evolution of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Machado Henrique , Seif Yara , Sakoulas George , Olson Connor A. , Hefner Ying , Anand Amitesh , Jones Ying Z. , Szubin Richard , Palsson Bernhard O. , Nizet Victor , Feist Adam M.
Published: June 2021

While microbiological resistance to vancomycin in Staphylococcus aureus is rare, clinical vancomycin treatment failures are common, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from patients after prolonged vancomycin treatment failure remain susceptible. Adaptive laboratory evolution was utilized to uncover mutational mechanisms associated with MRSA vancomycin resistance in a physiological medium as well as a bacteriological medium used in clinical susceptibility testing. Sequencing of resistant clones revealed shared and media-specific mutational outcomes, with an overlap in cell wall regulons (walKRyycHI, vraSRT). Evolved strains displayed similar properties to resistant clinical isolates in their genetic and phenotypic traits. Importantly, resistant phenotypes that developed in physiological media did not translate into resistance in bacteriological media. Further, a bacteriological media-specific mechanism for vancomycin resistance associated with a mutated mprF was confirmed. This study bridges the gap between the understanding of clinical and microbiological vancomycin resistance in S. aureus and expands the number of allelic variants (18 ± 4 mutations for the top 5 mutated genes) that result in vancomycin resistance phenotypes.
Fast and reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies based on surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Basso Caroline Rodrigues , Malossi Camila Dantas , Haisi Amanda , de Albuquerque Pedrosa Valber , Barbosa Alexandre Naime , Grotto Rejane Tommasini , Araujo Junior João Pessoa
Published: June 2021

The current study describes a methodology for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serological samples based on the surface plasmon resonance.
Five vs. six membered-ring PAH products from reaction of o-methylphenyl radical and two C3H4 isomers
Authors: Shiels Oisin J. , Prendergast Matthew B. , Savee John D. , Osborn David L. , Taatjes Craig A. , Blanksby Stephen J. , da Silva Gabriel , Trevitt Adam J.
Published: June 2021

Gas-phase o-methylphenyl reactions with propyne and allene form PAHs: with preferences for either six–six or five–six bicyclic products.
Progress in phase-sensitive sum frequency generation spectroscopy
Authors: Yamaguchi Shoichi , Otosu Takuhiro
Published: June 2021

Representative methods of surface-selective phase-sensitive sum frequency generation spectroscopy are reviewed in terms of interferometer implementation for optical heterodyne detection.
Efficient and selective removal of Congo red by a C@Mo composite nanomaterial using a citrate-based coordination polymer as the precursor
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Sa , Zhao Hong-Tian , Liu Yu , Li Wen-Ze , Wang Yan , Zhao Xiao-Yu , Yang Ai-Ai , Luan Jian
Published: June 2021

A carbon-based material (C-1) and a C@Mo material (C-Mo-1) as novel efficient adsorbents with selective properties for the removal of organic dyes have been successfully synthesized by the CVD method from the catalyst precursor of a new Cu-cit CP.
Hydrodeoxygenation of C4–C6 sugar alcohols to diols or mono-alcohols with the retention of the carbon chain over a silica-supported tungsten oxide-modified platinum catalyst
Authors: Liu Lujie , Cao Ji , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Betchaku Mii , Tamura Masazumi , Yabushita Mizuho , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: June 2021

Sugar alcohols can be converted to mono-alcohols in good yields over a Pt–WOx/SiO2 catalyst without C–C dissociation, and 1,4-butanediol and 1,4-anhydroxylitol can also be produced in good yields with related systems.
Adsorption-based membranes for air separation using transition metal oxides
Authors: Jana Asmita , Bergsman David S. , Grossman Jeffrey C.
Published: June 2021

Adsorption energy differences can lead to selectivity.
A simple pyridine-based highly specific fluorescent probe for tracing hypochlorous acid in lysosomes of living cells
Authors: Wang Kun , Liu Yilin , Liu Caiyun , Zhu Hanchuang , Li Xiwei , Zhang Fenfen , Gao Na , Pang Xiangming , Sheng Wenlong , Zhu Baocun
Published: June 2021

A simple pyridine-based highly specific fluorescent probe was constructed to trace hypochlorous acid in lysosomes of living cells.
Towards an ideal high-κ HfO2–ZrO2-based dielectric
Authors: Kashir Alireza , Ghiasabadi Farahani Mehrdad , Hwang Hyunsang
Published: June 2021

Dielectric properties are improved by fabrication of a Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/Antiferroelectric ZrO2 nanolaminate structure. The new design increases the density of morphotropic phase boundary, which consequently enhances the dielectric constant.
All-selenolate-protected eight-electron platinum/silver nanoclusters
Authors: Chiu Tzu-Hao , Liao Jian-Hong , Gam Franck , Chantrenne Isaac , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean-Yves , Liu C. W.
Published: June 2021

First eight-electron, Pt–Ag superatoms protected by Se-donor ligands are synthesized by ligand replacement reaction. The metal framework of PtAg20 changes from low symmetry (C2) to high symmetry (Th) via rearrangement of five capping silver atoms.
Highly sensitive and fast-response hydrogen sensing of WO3 nanoparticles via palladium reined spillover effect
Authors: Zhu Zhengyou , Xing Xiaxia , Feng Dongliang , Li Zhenxu , Tian Yingying , Yang Dachi
Published: June 2021

Hydrogen sensor prototypes built from Pd-NPs@WO3-NPs simultaneously present fast response, highly selective and sensitive detection of hydrogen in real-time monitoring hydrogen leakage.
Synthesis and self-aggregated nanostructures of hydrogen-bonding polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Chen Senbin , Wu Yanggui , Wang Huiying , Zhu Bengao , Xiong Bijing , Binder Wolfgang H. , Zhu Jintao
Published: June 2021

Reversible lamellae (LAM), hexagonally packed cylinders (HPC), body-centered cubic spheres (BCC) and disordered micelles (DIM), are realized by tuning the nature of H-bonding moieties (Ba, TAP, HW), the molecular weight of PDMS, and the temperature.
Emission from the working and counter electrodes under co-reactant electrochemiluminescence conditions
Authors: Adamson Natasha S. , Theakstone Ashton G. , Soulsby Lachlan C. , Doeven Egan H. , Kerr Emily , Hogan Conor F. , Francis Paul S. , Dennany Lynn
Published: June 2021

Exploration of potential-dependent, multi-colour co-reactant electrochemiluminescence from multiple luminophores at the working and counter electrodes reveals new pathways to emission.
Harnessing α-l-fucosidase for in vivo cellular senescence imaging
Authors: Koo Seyoung , Won Miae , Li Hao , Kim Won Young , Li Mingle , Yan Chenxu , Sharma Amit , Guo Zhiqian , Zhu Wei-Hong , Sessler Jonathan L. , Lee Jin Yong , Kim Jong Seung
Published: June 2021

Evidence of close association of α-fuc with senescence induction highlights the potential of α-fuc as a novel biomarker for cellular senescence. Here, an α-fuc-responsive AIE probe (QM-NHαfuc) allows for the identification of senescent cell in vivo.
Recent advancements and opportunities of decorated graphitic carbon nitride toward solar fuel production and beyond
Authors: Ng Chi Huey , Teo Siow Hwa , Mansir Nasar , Islam Aminul , Joseph Collin G. , Hayase Shuzi , Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin
Published: June 2021

This review comprehensively outlines the recent developments of the decorated g-C3N4 for solar fuels production, particularly emphasizing on the modification strategies that improve the photocatalytic activity and its optoelectronic properties.
Interprofessional Collaborative Management of Postconcussion Cognitive Symptoms
Authors: Mashima Pauline A. , Waldron-Perrine Brigid , MacLennan Don , Sohlberg McKay Moore , Perla Lisa Y. , Eapen Blessen C.
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this clinical focus article is to illustrate an interprofessional cognitive rehabilitation approach. Invited experts representing physical medicine and rehabilitation, clinical neuropsychology/rehabilitation psychology, registered nurse care coordination, and speech-language pathology share viewpoints from their discipline to engage in collaborative interventions with the goal of enhancing treatment outcomes.

Conclusions

Treating the multifactorial symptoms of concussion requires expertise from an interdisciplinary team (IDT) of professionals, contributing unique perspectives and providing integrative services to optimize rehabilitation outcomes for patients. Speech-language pathologists serve an important role on IDTs to deliver personalized, targeted therapies for prolonged or persistent postconcussion cognitive impairment.
Accurate and efficient vehicle detection framework based on SSD algorithm
Authors: Zhao Min , Zhong Yuan , Sun Dihua , Chen Yuhao
Published: June 2021

Vehicle detection plays an important role in intelligent transportation systems and security. Using the original Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) directly for vehicle detection, lacks accuracy and stability. Moreover, most of the state‐of‐the‐art methods need cost a lot of time to inference. Vehicle detection is often used in complex traffic environments. Therefore, faster detection speed and higher detection accuracy are required. This study is aimed at developing a trade‐off between accuracy and speed vehicle detection framework based on the SSD algorithm. To improve the multi‐scale detection performance of SSD, semantic information, detailed features and receptive fields are combined to propose the feature pyramid enhancement strategy (FPES). On the other hand, the cascade detection mechanism is proposed to strengthen the positioning capability of SSD and an adaptive threshold acquisition method for object detection module (ODM) stage to improve model accuracy. Finally, a more efficient convolutional network is deployed through network slimming. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance on UA‐DETRAC and Udacity benchmarks. Interestingly, the inference time is the lowest for the proposed method than the state‐of‐the‐art methods, promising its application for fast and effective vehicle detection.
The AMBRE Project: Solar neighbourhood chemodynamical constraints on Galactic disc evolution
Authors: Santos-Peral P. , Recio-Blanco A. , Kordopatis G. , Fernández-Alvar E. , de Laverny P.
Published: June 2021

Context. The abundance of α-elements relative to iron ([α/Fe]) is an important fossil signature in Galactic archaeology for tracing the chemical evolution of disc stellar populations. High-precision chemical abundances, together with accurate stellar ages, distances, and dynamical data, are crucial to infer the Milky Way formation history.

Aims. The aim of this paper is to analyse the chemodynamical properties of the Galactic disc using precise magnesium abundance estimates for solar neighbourhood stars with accurate Gaia astrometric measurements.

Methods. We estimated ages and dynamical properties for 366 main sequence turn-off stars from the AMBRE Project using PARSEC isochrones together with astrometric and photometric values from Gaia DR2. We use precise global metallicities [M/H] and [Mg/Fe] abundances from a previous study in order to estimate gradients and temporal chemodynamic relations for these stars.

Results. We find a radial gradient of −0.099 ± 0.031 dex kpc−1 for [M/H] and +0.023 ± 0.009 dex kpc−1 for the [Mg/Fe] abundance. The steeper [Mg/Fe] gradient than that found in the literature is a result of the improvement of the AMBRE [Mg/Fe] estimates in the metal-rich regime. In addition, we find a significant spread of stellar age at any given [Mg/Fe] value, and observe a clear correlated dispersion of the [Mg/Fe] abundance with metallicity at a given age. While for [M/H] ≤ − 0.2, a clear age–[Mg/Fe] trend is observed, more metal-rich stars display ages from 3 up to 12 Gyr, describing an almost flat trend in the [Mg/Fe]–age relation. Moreover, we report the presence of radially migrated and/or churned stars for a wide range of stellar ages, although we note the large uncertainties of the amplitude of the inferred change in orbital guiding radii. Finally, we observe the appearance of a second chemical sequence in the outer disc, 10–12 Gyr ago, populating the metal-poor, low-[Mg/Fe] tail. These stars are more metal-poor than the coexisting stellar population in the inner parts of the disc, and show lower [Mg/Fe] abundances than prior disc stars of the same metallicity, leading to a chemical discontinuity. Our data favour the rapid formation of an early disc that settled in the inner regions, followed by the accretion of external metal-poor gas –probably related to a major accretion event such as the Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage one– that may have triggered the formation of the thin disc population and steepened the abundance gradient in the early disc.
GIARPS High-resolution Observations of T Tauri stars (GHOsT)
Authors: Alcalá J. M. , Gangi M. , Biazzo K. , Antoniucci S. , Frasca A. , Giannini T. , Munari U. , Nisini B. , Harutyunyan A. , Manara C. F. , Vitali F.
Published: June 2021

The mass-accretion rate,Ṁacc, is a crucial parameter for the study of the evolution of accretion disks around young low-mass stellar objects (YSOs) and for planet formation studies. The Taurus star forming region (SFR) is rich in pre-main sequence stars, most of them of the T Tauri class. A variety of methodologies have been used in the past to measure mass accretion in samples of YSOs in Taurus, but despite being a general benchmark for star formation studies, a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the Taurus T Tauri population, where the stellar and accretion properties are derived homogeneously and simultaneously, is still missing. As part of the GIARPS High-resolution Observations of T Tauri stars (GHOsT) project, here we present a pilot study of the stellar and accretion properties of seven YSOs in Taurus using the spectrograph GIARPS at the Telescopio NazionaleGalileo. Contemporaneous low-resolution spectroscopic and photometric ancillary observations allow us to perform an accurate flux calibration of the high-resolution spectra. The simultaneity of the high-resolution, wide-band spectroscopic observations, from the optical to the near-infrared (NIR), the veiling measurements in such wide spectral range, and many well-calibrated emission line diagnostics allows us to derive the stellar and accretion properties of the seven YSOs in a homogeneous and self-consistent way. The procedures and methodologies presented here will be adopted in future works for the analysis of the complete GHOsT data set. We discuss the accretion properties of the seven YSOs in comparison with the 90% complete sample of YSOs in the Lupus SFR and investigate possibilities for the origin of the continuum excess emission in the NIR.
Density fluctuations associated with turbulence and waves
Authors: Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Graham D. B. , Vaivads A. , Steinvall K. , Edberg N. J. T. , Eriksson A. I. , Johansson E. P. G. , Sorriso-Valvo L. , Maksimovic M. , Bale S. D. , Chust T. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Kretzschmar M. , Lorfèvre E. , Plettemeier D. , Souček J. , Steller M. , Štverák Š. , Trávníček P. , Vecchio A. , Horbury T. S. , O’Brien H. , Evans V. , Angelini V.
Published: June 2021

Aims.The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the probe-to-spacecraft potential measured by RPW on Solar Orbiter can be used to derive the plasma (electron) density measurement, which exhibits both a high temporal resolution and a high level of accuracy. To investigate the physical nature of the solar wind turbulence and waves, we analyze the density and magnetic field fluctuations around the proton cyclotron frequency observed by Solar Orbiter during the first perihelion encounter (∼0.5 AU away from the Sun).

Methods.We used the plasma density based on measurements of the probe-to-spacecraft potential in combination with magnetic field measurements by MAG to study the fields and density fluctuations in the solar wind. In particular, we used the polarization of the wave magnetic field, the phase between the compressible magnetic field and density fluctuations, and the compressibility ratio (the ratio of the normalized density fluctuations to the normalized compressible fluctuations of B) to characterize the observed waves and turbulence.

Results.We find that the density fluctuations are 180° out of phase (anticorrelated) with the compressible component of magnetic fluctuations for intervals of turbulence, whereas they are in phase for the circular-polarized waves. We analyze, in detail, two specific events with a simultaneous presence of left- and right-handed waves at different frequencies. We compare the observed wave properties to a prediction of the three-fluid (electrons, protons, and alphas) model. We find a limit on the observed wavenumbers, 10−6 < k < 7 × 10−6m−1, which corresponds to a wavelength of 7 × 106 > λ > 106m. We conclude that it is most likely that both the left- and right-handed waves correspond to the low-wavenumber part (close to the cut-off at ΩcHe + +) of the proton-band electromagnetic ion cyclotron (left-handed wave in the plasma frame confined to the frequency range ΩcHe + + < ω < Ωcp) waves propagating in the outwards and inwards directions, respectively. The fact that both wave polarizations are observed at the same time and the identified wave mode has a low group velocity suggests that the double-banded events occur in the source regions of the waves.
Detecting hot stars in the Galactic centre with combined near- and mid-infrared photometry
Authors: Cano-González M. , Schödel R. , Nogueras-Lara F.
Published: June 2021

Context. The Galactic centre (GC) is a unique astrophysical laboratory to study the stellar population of galactic nuclei because it is the only galactic nucleus whose stars can be resolved down to milliparsec scales. However, the extreme and spatially highly variable interstellar extinction towards the GC poses a serious obstacle to photometric stellar classification.

Aims. Our goal is to identify hot, massive stars in the nuclear stellar disc (NSD) region through combining near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) photometry, and thus to demonstrate the feasibility of this technique, which may gain great importance with the arrival of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Methods. We combined the GALACTICNUCLEUS NIR survey with the IRAC/Spitzer MIR survey of the GC. We applied the so-called Rayleigh-Jeans colour excess (RJCE) de-reddening method to our combined NIR-MIR data to identify potential hot stars in colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs).

Results. Despite the very low angular resolution of IRAC we find 12 clear candidates for young massive stars among the 1065 sources that meet our selection criteria. Seven out of these 12 stars are previously known hot, massive stars belonging to the Arches and Quintuplet clusters, as well as sources detected by the Hubble Space Telescope/NICMOS Paschen-α survey. Five of our massive star candidates have not been previously reported in the literature.

Conclusions. We show that the RJCE method is a valuable tool to identify hot stars in the GC using photometry alone. Upcoming instruments with high angular resolution MIR imaging capabilities such as the JWST could surely make more substantial use of this de-reddening method and help establish a far more complete census of hot, young stars in the GC area than what is possible at the moment.
The filamentary structures in the CO emission toward the Milky Way disk
Authors: Soler J. D. , Beuther H. , Syed J. , Wang Y. , Henning Th. , Glover S. C. O. , Klessen R. S. , Sormani M. C. , Heyer M. , Smith R. J. , Urquhart J. S. , Yang J. , Su Y. , Zhou X.
Published: June 2021

We present a statistical study of the filamentary structure orientation in the CO emission observations obtained in the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting survey in the range 25.°8 < l < 49.°7, |b| ≤ 1.°25, and −100 < vLSR < 135 km s−1. We found that most of the filamentary structures in the 12CO and 13CO emission do not show a global preferential orientation either parallel or perpendicular to the Galactic plane. However, we found ranges in Galactic longitude and radial velocity where the 12CO and 13CO filamentary structures are parallel to the Galactic plane. These preferential orientations are different from those found for the HI emission. We consider this an indication that the molecular structures do not simply inherit these properties from parental atomic clouds. Instead, they are shaped by local physical conditions, such as stellar feedback, magnetic fields, and Galactic spiral shocks.
Analysis of the fatigue life of metal composites with a layer of zirconium alloy
Authors: Derda Szymon , Karolczuk Aleksander , Robak Grzegorz , Prażmowski Mariusz
Published: June 2021

Methods of joining dissimilar materials gain interest and attention of highly demanding branches of modern engineering. Acquiring high-quality bond between steel and titanium or zirconium alloys is perceived as especially advantageous in terms of high strength and corrosion resistance. In the present paper results of fatigue tests performed on five different metal composites produced in the process of explosive welding has been gathered. All tested materials were manufactured by a collision of zirconium flyer plates with base plates made of steel or steel-titanium bimetal. Fatigue tests have been conducted under uniaxial force-controlled tension-compression conditions with a constant amplitude of load applied parallelly to bonding interface. The analysis includes the residual stresses measured by the hole-drilling strain gauge method in the flyer plates and the applied stresses calculated by three different models. A description of the initiation and propagation of cracks developing within the joint during cyclically changing loading is also included. Based on the collected data, application conclusions were formulated regarding the optimal use of the tested materials.
The development of electromobility in the aspect of the energy infrastructure condition assessment
Authors: Gutsche Jan , Muślewski Łukasz , Dzioba Anna , Kolar Davor
Published: June 2021

Electric vehicles are considered emission-free. However, having high-emission and a high degree of electricity demand coverage infrastructure, these vehicles should be considered as internal combustion cars. The purpose of the analysis carried out in this study is to present the state of energy infrastructure in Poland, to determine losses related to energy transmission and greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere in relation to unit consumption. Analyzing the data obtained, the emission of the electric vehicle was compared to that of a vehicle powered by diesel oil and fuel with the addition of a biocomponent.