bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide profiling of N6‐methyladenosine‐modified pseudogene‐derived long noncoding RNAs reveals the tumour‐promoting and innate immune‐restraining function of RPS15AP12 in ovarian cancer
Authors: Xu Jie , Ren Yifei , Lu Jiayi , Qin Fengjiang , Yang Dan , Tang Chunyan , Yang Yu , Xu Jing , Liu Tao , Yi Ping
Published: February 2025

Background

Pseudogene‐derived lncRNAs are widely dysregulated in cancer. Technological advancements have facilitated the functional characterization of increasing pseudogenes in cancer progression. However, the association between pseudogenes and RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification in cancer, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remains largely unexplored.

Methods

We analyzed the expression of 12 146 pseudogenes and comprehensively examined the m6A modification of RNAs derived from them and their paralogs. Through integrative analysis of multi‐omics data, we explored the associations between pseudogene dysregulation and m6A, identifying critical pseudogenes involved in HGSOC progression. Tumour promotion role of RPS15AP12 and its cognate parent gene was characterized by cell proliferation, transwell assays, and scratch assays in ovarian cells and xenograft nude mice. RNA decay assays were used to reveal the participation of m6A in decreasement of RPS15AP12 lncRNA stability. Luciferase reporter assays were performed to verify that RPS15AP12 enhances RPS15A expression by competitively binding to miR‐96‐3p. Western blot and phosphorylation assays were performed to investigate the impairment of RPS15AP12 towards the sensors of MAVS (RIG‐I and MDA5), and downstream p‐TBK1 and p‐IRF3. Finally, ELISA assays were performed to explore the regulatory role of RPS15AP12 in IFN‐β expression.

Results

M6A is distributed across over a thousand pseudogenes, and hypomethylation leads to their upregulation in HGSOC. We identified a processed pseudogene, RPS15AP12, upregulated by FTO‐mediated m6A demethylation. RPS15AP12 enhances the growth ability and metastatic capabilities of ovarian cancer (OC) cells via functioning as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for its host gene, RPS15A, through the sequestration of miR‐96‐3p. Importantly, the deletion of RPS15AP12 diminishes the expression of RPS15A, leading to the upregulation of anti‐tumour immune responses by activating RIG‐I and MDA5 and downstream p‐TBK1 and p‐IRF3 as well as IFN‐β levels.

Conclusion

Our findings expand the understanding of m6A‐modulated pseudogenes in tumour growth and anti‐tumour innate immunity in OC.

Key Points

Genome‐wide profiling reveals the redistribution of m6A modification on pseudogene‐derived lncRNAs and m6A redistribution‐relevant dysregulation of pseudogenes in HGSOC.

RPS15AP12, as a representative processed pseudogene, is up‐regulated by FTO‐mediated demethylation and acts as a miRNA sponge to promote RPS15A expression via competitively binding to miR‐96‐3p.

RPS15AP12/RPS15A axis inhibits MAVS sensors (RIG‐I and MDA5) and downstream IFN‐β levels in ovarian cancer.
QDND: Quorum‐Based Energy Efficiency Aware Directional Neighbor Discovery in Ad Hoc Millimeter Wave Wireless Networks
Authors: Huang Tingpei , Zhang Bairen , Zhang Tiantian , Liu Jianhang , Li Shibao
Published: February 2025

In ad hoc millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless networks, nodes typically use directional antennas to cope with their high path loss problem. Directional neighbor discovery is a crucial technology in the first step of establishing the mmWave communication network. However, directional antennas introduce new challenges to the neighbor discovery: beam alignment and heterogeneous operating mode problems. Meanwhile, the continuous neighbor discovery process leads to significant energy consumption. To solve the above challenges, this paper introduces a directional neighbor discovery algorithm QDND with an adjustable duty cycle based on the Grid Quorum system. Firstly, we design a duty cycle adaptive control algorithm to avoid continuous neighbor discovery processes. Secondly, we propose a sector scanning algorithm to guarantee the beam alignment. Finally, we design an operating mode scheduling algorithm to enable two neighbors to work in different operating modes simultaneously. We conduct extensive simulations under different network scenarios to validate the performance of the QDND. The numerical analysis and simulation results show that QDND outperforms existing directional neighbor discovery algorithms in terms of ATTD and MTTD in different numbers of nodes, beamwidths, and duty cycles.
Amyloid is associated with accelerated atrophy in cognitively unimpaired individuals
Authors: Stephenson Henry Gilreath , Betthauser Tobey J. , Langhough Rebecca , Jonaitis Erin , Du Lianlian , Van Hulle Carol , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Quijano‐Rubio Clara , Chin Nathaniel A. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Asthana Sanjay , Johnson Sterling C. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Bendlin Barbara B.
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION

This study examined the association of longitudinal atrophy with baseline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ, A) and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau, T) biomarkers (Aβ42/40, p‐tau181) in 406 cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals (6.670 years of follow‐up on average, up to 13 imaging visits) to assess whether A+ is associated with Alzheimer's disease–like atrophy and whether this depends on p‐tau181 levels.

METHODS

An A‐T‐ CU group free from abnormal neurodegeneration (N) was identified using a robust normative approach and used to model normal age‐related atrophy via z‐scoring. Linear mixed‐effects models tested differences in longitudinal atrophy between A+ and A‐T‐N‐ individuals and between A/T subgroups.

RESULTS

A+ was associated with worse atrophy within and beyond the medial temporal lobe, even at low levels of p‐tau181.

DISCUSSION

Neurodegeneration likely begins soon after the onset of abnormal Aβ pathology. Clinical intervention at the earliest signs of Aβ pathology may be needed to mitigate further neurodegeneration.

Highlights

An A‐T‐N‐ control group was identified using a robust normative approach

A+ was associated with accelerated atrophy in cognitively unimpaired individuals

Atrophy was observed even at low p‐tau181 levels
Non‐Consumptive Effects of Cannibalism Elicit a Metabolic Response in Dragonfly Larvae
Authors: Sysiak Monika , Baczyński Jakub , Mikulski Andrzej
Published: February 2025

Predator–prey interactions typically involve changes in metabolic rates associated with hunting, foraging, and activation/maintenance of defense mechanisms. Similar response can result from non‐consumptive effects mediated by chemical cues, such as alarm cues (indicating predation), diet cues (signaling food resources), and kairomones (indicating predator or prey availability). While the impact of interspecific chemical communication on energy expenditure is well‐studied, the role of conspecific chemical cues is less understood. This study examines non‐consumptive effects of cannibalism on metabolic rates in dragonfly larvae (Sympetrum sanguineum). During the respiratory experiment, larvae were exposed to low and high concentrations of conspecific kairomones and kairomones with cues from injured conspecifics to simulate different population densities and conspecific interactions. Our results showed that high concentrations of kairomones and cues from injured conspecifics significantly increased larval respiration rates in comparison with controls and low concentrations. This suggests that in an environment with constant exposure to each other's cues, larvae face ongoing readiness costs, impacting their individual fitness and population dynamics.
Spatial Variation in Food Web Structures, Energy Flows, and System Attributes Along the Pearl River and Their Indications of Protection and Restoration
Authors: Wang Sai , Song Yong‐Duo , Wu En‐Ni , Wang Tuan‐Tuan , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid , Ou Hui‐Long , Xie Jia , Xia Wen‐Tong , Yang Feng‐Juan , Feng Jie , Wu Shen‐Hao , Zhang Yang , Jin Cong‐Cong , Ma Zhuo‐Luo , Zhang Hong‐Jin , Miao Li‐Yong , Wang Kuan‐Song
Published: February 2025

River ecosystems are facing significant degradation from human activities, which impact both biotic (e.g., fish and invertebrates) and abiotic components (e.g., water and habitat). A comprehensive comparison of energy flow patterns and system attributes among river food webs under different levels of human interference is highly important for developing management strategies to protect river ecosystems. Along the subtropical Pearl River, six spatial zones, including agricultural, industrial, island, urban, factory, and estuarine areas, were chosen to construct the Ecopath models. The output results revealed that the highest trophic level of the Pearl River was 3.8–4.2, which was occupied by softshell turtles and piscivorous/carnivorous fish. The most diverse functional groups were found in island and estuarine zones due to their heterogeneous habitats (e.g., high submerged vegetation coverage and the transition area between fresh and brackish water). In contrast, the food web structure in the industrial zone was destroyed due to water pollution (e.g., sewage discharge) and habitat degradation. The increase in exotic species and the decrease in native top predators were two factors that result in the low efficiency of energy transmission. A series of trophic (e.g., Lindeman transfer efficiency and mixed predator–prey impacts), structural (e.g., keystoneness, omnivory, and Finn's path length), and theoretical (e.g., connectance and ascendency) indices revealed that the health and maturity of the Pearl River sections can be ranked as island > estuarine > agricultural > urban > factory > industrial zones. The food chains led by softshell turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis), piscivores (e.g., Elopichthys bambusa), molluscivores (e.g., Mylopharyngodon piceus), and herbivores (e.g., Ctenopharyngodon idelus) could be used to indicate the health and functioning of river ecosystems. Our results suggest that the ecological management of river ecosystems should focus more efforts on protecting original habitats (e.g., the island zone with fish feeding/spawning grounds), monitoring bioindicators with keystone trophic impacts in the food web, and evaluating the food chains that play important roles in upward energy transmission.
Variation in thermal tolerance plasticity and the costs of heat exposure in the estuarine sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori
Authors: Tanner Richelle L. , Bowie Rauri C. K. , Wang‐Claypool Cynthia Y. , Stillman Jonathon H.
Published: February 2025

Climate change is increasing average temperatures and the frequency and intensity of thermal extremes in coastal marine environments. Organisms in coastal marine habitats are accustomed to environmental fluctuations and possess physiological plasticity that may be advantageous in response to increased occurrence of extremes. To examine whether such plasticity is locally adapted to environmental conditions, we investigated the relationship between genetic diversity and thermal tolerance plasticity in 11 populations of the direct‐developing intertidal sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori, on the western coast of the United States. Using whole‐organism metrics of muscle function and metabolic rate and a ddRADseq genomic approach, we were unable to identify correlations between heat tolerance and underlying genetics on a population or individual level. P. taylori from all locations consistently exhibited critical thermal maxima (CTmax) above habitat temperatures (CTmax ranged from 24 to 35°C, average = 30.1 ± 0.2°C; average habitat temperature across habitats ranged from 12 to 20°C, average = 17 ± 2.7°C). We found little evidence for genetic distinctions between populations and high overall genetic diversity, suggesting more gene flow across long distances than was expected from their direct development life history strategy. The breadth of acclimation capacity we observed (11°C) was substantially wider than that reported for other poikilothermic taxa in the literature and did not follow a latitudinal cline. Our findings suggest that high plasticity of thermal tolerance exists across all populations and genetic panmixia is occurring despite life history limitations; thus, heat tolerance traits may not be under positive selection in P. taylori.
Mechanistic home range capture–recapture models for the estimation of population density and landscape connectivity
Authors: Fukasawa Keita , Higashide Daishi
Published: February 2025

Spatial capture–recapture models (SCRs) provide an integrative statistical tool for analyzing animal movement and population patterns. Although incorporating home range formation with a theoretical basis of animal movement into SCRs can improve the prediction of animal space use in a heterogeneous landscape, this approach is challenging owing to the sparseness of recapture events. In this study, we developed an advection–diffusion capture–recapture model (ADCR), which is an extension of SCRs incorporating home range formation with advection–diffusion formalism, providing a new framework to estimate population density and landscape permeability. we tested the unbiasedness of the estimator using simulated capture–recapture data generated by a step selection function. We also compared the accuracy of population density estimates and home range shapes with those from SCR incorporating the least‐cost path and basic SCR. In addition, ADCR was applied to a real dataset of Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) in Japan to demonstrate the capacity of the ADCR to detect geographical barriers that constrain animal movements. Population density and permeability of ADCR were substantially unbiased for simulated datasets. ADCR could detect environmental signals on connectivity more sensitively and could estimate population density, home range shapes, and size variations better than the existing models. For the application to the bear dataset, ADCR could detect the effect of water bodies as a barrier to movement, which is consistent with previous studies, whereas estimates by SCR with the least‐cost path were difficult to interpret. ADCR provides unique opportunities to elucidate both individual‐ and population‐level ecological processes from capture–recapture data. By offering a formal link with step selection functions to estimate animal movement, it is suitable for simultaneously modeling capture–recapture data and animal movement data. This study provides a basis for studies of the interplay between animal movement processes and population patterns.
Trametinib Suppresses the Stimulated T Cells Through G1 Arrest and Apoptosis
Authors: Nakao Toshimasa , Shindo Takero , Takakura Hideki , Narita Takumi , Ise‐Nakao Yukako , Akiyama Saeko , Iizumi Yosuke , Boku Shogen , Watanabe Motoki , Sakai Toshiyuki , Shimizu Seiichi , Yamada Masaki , Sowa Yoshihiro , Mutoh Michihiro
Published: February 2025

The development of efficient immunosuppressants may bring significant benefits to patients after organ/stem transplantation and those with allergies or autoimmune diseases. MEK inhibitors were originally developed as anticancer reagents, but recent reports have suggested that they may have the potential to be immunosuppressants. Trametinib is a first‐in‐class MEK inhibitor. Here, we examined the effects of trametinib on the immune system and revealed its mechanism. Trametinib suppressed both CD4 and CD8 T‐cell proliferation and activated T cells, which expressed CD25 and TIM3, in a dose‐dependent manner in vitro. Trametinib also suppressed T cell‐related cytokine secretion in a dose‐dependent manner. Notably, trametinib suppressed T cell proliferation through the induction of G1 arrest and apoptosis in stimulated T cells. In addition, trametinib induced regulatory T cells (Tregs). We confirmed that low concentrations of trametinib (1 and 10 nM) were not toxic toward splenic naïve T cells and normal mouse liver cells. In this study, we demonstrated whether trametinib suppressed CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation by inducing G1 arrest and apoptosis along with suppression of cytokine secretion.
Factors Influencing the Household Food Security of Forest Villagers in Eastern Sub‐Himalayan India
Authors: Chettri Deepen , Datta Pritha , Rahut Dil Bahadur , Behera Bhagirath , Sonobe Tetsushi
Published: February 2025

Food insecurity is a serious concern in many developing countries, especially for forest communities, who grapple with unique challenges stemming from their dependence on natural resources and limited access to vital livelihood capitals. Despite extensive research on food security, there still remains a gap in understanding the distinct factors affecting food security within forest communities in conservation zones of the fragile Eastern Himalayas. This study seeks to fill this gap by examining the factors determining household food security among forest villagers in the Buxa Tiger Reserve, located in the eastern sub‐Himalayan region of India, which is characterized by significant environmental and socio‐economic challenges. Households were evaluated using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) and grouped into four levels: food secure, mildly food insecure, moderately food insecure, and severely food insecure. The partial proportional odds model and marginal effects were estimated to analyze the effects of various explanatory variables on the severity of food insecurity. The results revealed that 28% of households were food secure, whereas 72% experienced varying degrees of food insecurity, with a majority falling into the mildly (37.33%) and severely (21.67%) food insecure categories. Key factors influencing food security include the age and education of the household head, landholding size, farming experience, dependency ratio, distance to the bank, and livestock loss due to leopard predation. Additionally, non‐farm income, social transfers, and remittances significantly contribute to improved food security. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to enhance educational opportunities, diversify income sources, and strengthen social safety nets to effectively address food insecurity among forest communities.
Analysis of Volatile Components of Chicken Bone Hydrolysate Maillard Reaction Products With Different Reaction Temperatures and Reaction Times Based on Electronic Nose and GC–MS
Authors: Li Heyan , Yao Ling , He Hongying , Xu Yu , Huang Jianhua , Song Zhihua , Wang Xingguo , Wang Xiaosan
Published: February 2025

Headspace solid‐phase microextraction‐gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) and electronic nose analysis were used to analyse the changes in volatile components in the Maillard reaction products (MRPs) under various reaction temperatures and reaction times. The results indicate that with increased thermal reaction intensity, both the variety and content of aldehydes, ketones, and heterocyclic compounds in the MRPs significantly increased, with MRPs obtained at 120°C for 30 min exhibiting the highest umami and meaty aroma. The study elucidated the impact of different reaction temperatures and times on the volatile compounds and flavours of MRPs from chicken bone enzymatic hydrolysate, and identified the optimal reaction temperature and time for the Maillard reaction of chicken bones. This effectively enhances the utilisation of chicken bone protein in flavoured foods.
Exploring Multiple Barriers to Proper Child Feeding Practices in Rural Districts of Ethiopia
Authors: Fikadu Kassahun , Yihune Manaye , Boynito Wanzahun Godana , Hailemariam Zeleke
Published: February 2025

Infants' and young children's health and development rely on optimal feeding techniques. Malnutrition is the leading cause of preventable illness and death in infants and early childhood. This impact is mostly significant in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where childhood illness and mortality rates have risen considerably. To explore the barriers to child feeding practices in the rural Gamo zone, south Ethiopia, from primary caregivers and different key individuals' perspectives. A phenomenological qualitative study approach with a purposive sampling technique was carried out to explore the barriers and facilitators of child feeding practices in the study area from August 14 to September 10, 2023. Data was collected from fathers, health extension workers, the health development army, religious leaders, and community elders who reside in rural communities of the Gamo zone. Three focus group discussions, including 8–10 participants per group with females and three with males until data saturation. A total of 51 discussants and 12 key informants participated in the study. The following barriers were identified from the study. Limited income and employment opportunities, lack of property ownership, limited maternal and husband education, and lack of knowledge about proper child feeding practices are among the factors leading to inadequate nutrition for children. Large family sizes, marriage‐related factors like polygamy, early marriage, limited freedom of partner choice, and gender inequalities can affect necessary support for appropriate child feeding practices and negatively impact children's nutrition. Moreover, cultural norms, religious beliefs, lack of awareness regarding the husband's income, and lack of support from family members or communities were identified as barriers that influence child feeding practices. The study unveiled three key themes that impede the adoption of appropriate child feeding practices: economic status, demographic conditions, and sociocultural aspects that affect the feeding practices of children. Effective interventions to improve child feeding practices must consider and address these identified barriers.
Lung Cancer Screening Participation Among Indigenous Peoples Worldwide: A Systematic Review of Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Belachew Sewunet Admasu , Bizuayehu Habtamu Mellie , Diaz Abbey , Jahan Shafkat , Crengle Sue , Fong Kwun , Garvey Gail
Published: February 2025

Issue Addressed

Lung cancer screening (LCS) is crucial for Indigenous populations due to their higher lung cancer incidence rates and poorer outcomes. Despite efforts to establish LCS programmes, evidence on LCS cost‐effectiveness, participation rates, facilitators and barriers for Indigenous peoples remains limited. This systematic review aims to address this gap by reviewing available evidence.

Methods

This systematic review conducted searches for relevant articles in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Google Scholar and references/citations of included articles.

Results

Fifteen out of 19 eligible studies were conducted in the USA, three in New Zealand and one in Canada, with 23 715 Indigenous participants in the 15 quantitative studies. New Zealand studies found that LCS is cost‐effective for Māori, while the participation rate for American Indian/Alaska Natives (4.7%) was lower than for White Americans (21.7%). Facilitators included positive views of LCS, trust in Indigenous‐centred care/providers, trusted invitations, family and community support, transportation or flexible scheduling, culturally competent navigators and detailed health education. Barriers included limited knowledge about LCS/eligibility criteria, fear of the screening process or cancer diagnosis, mistrust or negative experiences in healthcare, cost and time constraints, limited transportation/resources and non‐inclusive eligibility criteria.

Conclusions

Further research is needed to understand the LCS among Indigenous peoples. Enhancing LCS participation requires leveraging positive experiences and addressing barriers with culturally tailored education and strategic resource allocation.

So What?

For Australia and similar countries preparing for LCSPs, global evidence highlights the need for adequate resources, integration of Indigenous cultural practices and active involvement of Indigenous communities in programme planning.
Assessment of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Knowledge and Attitudes Among Adolescent School Girls in Debre Berhan City, Ethiopia: A Community‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ayele Siraye Genzeb , Tsige Abate Wondesen
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Chronic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the main cause of cervical carcinoma (CC). It has a significant worldwide disease burden and is the fourth most prevalent malignancy in women. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among Ethiopian women, causing an estimated 4884 deaths and 7095 new instances of diagnosis annually. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and attitudes of HPV vaccine among adolescent school girls.

Methods

Between June 2, 2023 and August 15, 2023, a study was conducted in Debre Berhan City. All adolescent girls between the ages of 14 and 18 who attended school in the chosen kebeles were eligible for participation in the current study. Schools were selected using a simple random sampling method. Epidata 4.2.0 was utilized for data entry and SPSS 25 for the analysis. There were three types of logistic regression used: multivariate, univariate, and descriptive statistics. At 95% CI, a p‐value of less than 0.05 was deemed statistically significant.

Results

We had 601 respondents. The majority of the respondents were in the age range of 16–17 years (51.3%). More than one‐fourth of participants started sexual activity, (29.5%) and only (22.1%) participants had information about the HPV vaccine. The majority (83%) of participants had poor knowledge about the HPV vaccine. More than half of the participants (57.4%) had no information about CC and only (26.8%) study participants had information about CC. Only (14.5%) of participants knew the cause of CC was HPV. Below one‐fourth of (23.4%) participants knew the HPV vaccine used to prevent HPV infection. More than half (54.2%) of the participants had a negative attitude towards the HPV vaccine. Participants who were not informed about the HPV vaccine before the current study were approximately 65% less likely to be aware of the HPV vaccine compared to those who had prior knowledge of it (AOR = 0.65; 95%CI = 0.42,0.92; p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Adolescent girls had negative attitudes and poor knowledge of the HPV vaccine. Adolescent girls should be educated about CC and HPV infection to improve their knowledge and attitude about the HPV vaccine using health professionals and mass media.
Behind the Healing: Exploring the Psychological Battles of Kidney Transplant Patients: A Qualitative Insight
Authors: wube Tsiyon Birhanu , Asgedom Solomon Gebremichael , Mengesha Abrehet Girmay , Bekele Yohannes Ayalew , Gebrekirstos Lielt Gebreselassie
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Kidney transplantation is widely regarded as the optimal treatment for end‐stage renal disease, offering benefits like prolonged life expectancy, enhanced quality of life, and greater cost‐effectiveness compared to dialysis. While dialysis imposes considerable restrictions on patients, including diminished independence, many of these challenges can be alleviated through successful transplantation. However, despite the physical advantages of kidney transplants, the psychological struggles faced by transplant recipients are often overlooked, particularly in Ethiopia. This study aimed to delve into the psychological experiences of kidney transplant patients, shedding light on the emotional and mental battles they encounter post‐transplant.

Methods

This qualitative study involved kidney transplant patients at SPMMC (St. Paul's Millennium Medical College). during the study period, regardless of donor type. A total of ten participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through semi‐structured, interviewer‐administered questionnaires containing both closed and open‐ended questions. The data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The analysis focused on understanding participants' experiences and their interpretations of these experiences. Themes were identified by examining commonalities and differences in the participants' accounts, with special attention to areas of convergence and divergence.

Results

The analysis revealed both positive and negative psychological experiences among kidney transplant patients. Positive experiences included feelings of “re‐birth,” thankfulness, strengthened social bonds, freedom from dialysis, enhanced self‐efficacy, and increased social support. Negative experiences included dependency, fear of the future, challenges with adherence to treatment, and occasional regret.

Conclusion

Life after a kidney transplant is significantly more positive and empowering compared to life on dialysis. However, psychological challenges remain, highlighting the need for ongoing psychological support to address both positive and negative aspects of the transplant experience. Future research should focus on providing continuous support, including counseling and support groups, and integrating these systems into kidney transplant care to enhance overall recovery.
Towards a Framework for the Adoption and Use of Information and Communication Technology for Empowering Women Entrepreneurs: Case of Egypt
Authors: Azab Nahed , Elsherif Mohamed
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in empowering women entrepreneurs, with a focus on the Egyptian context. The study draws upon the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), to identify five chief factors that affect ICT adoption: Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease Of Use (PEOU), Social Expectancy (SE), Facilitating Conditions (FC), and Personal Traits (PT). These factors were also confirmed by five Heads of NGOs supporting women entrepreneurs in Egypt. This paper presents the first stage of our research which involves gathering qualitative data through semi‐structured interviews with six Egyptian women entrepreneurs from Cairo, Giza, and Alexandria Egyptian governorates. This research aimed to empirically explore the existence of the five factors that affect ICT adoption leading to the development of a conceptual framework. Our qualitative study allowed us also to obtain rich information regarding the interviewees' experience with ICT adoption and usage and the benefits reaped in terms of increasing all facets of Power and Social Capital. The study revealed that access to technology and education does not pose any barriers for the participants because they live in big cities with good Internet infrastructure. In addition, all participants are highly educated and have relatively high living standards. They are also exposed to several opportunities such as funding and training support from government entities and NGOs. However, they all expressed their need to acquire advanced training in different software applications. Furthermore, the study confirmed that ICT offers significant opportunities for women's empowerment and can reduce societal challenges such as age and male‐dominant culture. Being considered among the middle class or above, the outcome of using ICT is not directed to financial reasons; it is primarily towards confidence and self‐satisfaction.
Influence of Institutional Factors on Community Level Technology Implementation for Enhanced Data Utilization in Malawi's Health Management Information System
Authors: Kaunda Auxilia Nyaukaya , Manda Tiwonge , Kaasbøll Jens
Published: February 2025

The paper details how influences of institutional factors on the implementation of technology and tools at the community level are addressing data use challenges in the Malawi health sector. Particularly, the paper interrogates how the demands, expectations, and practices of organizations operating within the health sector can shape data use. This interpretive qualitative study, conducted in four selected districts across Malawi, applied the lens of institutional pressures. The study used semi‐structured interviews, participant observations, documents, and artifact review data collection methods. The findings demonstrate that the Ministry of Health, through demands from partner organizations, implemented technology and tools aimed at improving data use, including the Integrated Community Health Information System, which is enhancing the DHIS2 functionality at the community level; the paper‐based Integrated Community Health Register; and the National Community Health Strategy that guides community activities. This study posits that the Ministry of Health's mandate in developing nations, such as Malawi, includes enforcement of a regulatory framework that ensures the legitimacy of all organizations operating within the health sector to a standardized approach for integrated processes of data utilization. The study contributes to the literature on the Information and Communication Technology for Development field by providing empirically grounded perspectives of institutional pressures.
Impact of Hydroxy‐Methyl‐Butyrate Supplementation on Malnourished Patients Assessed Using AI‐Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: de Luis Daniel , Cebria Angela , Primo David , Nozal Sara , Izaola Olatz , Godoy Eduardo Jorge , Lopez Gomez Juan Jose
Published: February 2025

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an oral nutritional supplement (ONS) enriched with hydroxy‐methyl‐butyrate (HMB) in subjects with disease‐related malnutrition (DRM) and to monitor these effects with an ultrasound Imaging System, based on artificial intelligence, in a real‐world study.

Methods

Fifty consecutive adult patients with DRM were enrolled. The malnutrition was diagnosed by Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. For 3 months, the patients received nutritional education, and medical nutrition therapy was started with an adapted oral diet and two servings of an oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) with a hyperproteic hypercaloric formula (HMB—enriched). All patients were studied at baseline, and 3 months after intervention, with a nutritional assessment (anthropometry, bioelectrical impedanciometry [BIA], muscle ultrasonography and biochemical parameters). Ultrasound images were automatically quantified using an AI‐based ultrasound imaging system.

Results

The study included 50 patients (21 men and 29 women) with a mean age of 57.8 ± 18.1 years. Following treatment with the HMB‐enriched ONS, the prevalence of sarcopenia decreased significantly (from 24% to 18%; p = 0.01) and severe malnutrition (from 14% to 2%; p = 0.01). An improvement in BIA parameters; phase angle (0.14 ± 0.02°; p = 0.02); phase angle index (0.07 ± 0.01°/m2; p = 0.01); fat free mass (1.31 ± 0.12 kg; p = 0.006); skeletal muscle mass (0.51 ± 0.11 kg; p = 0.01); and skeletal muscle mass index (0.31 ± 0.13 kg/m2; p = 0.01) were reported. Functional parameters as handgrip strength (1.36 ± 0.21 kg; p = 0.009) and seconds of time up and go test (1.16 ± 0.15 s; p = 0.02) showed also an improvement. The AI‐based ultrasound system detected a significant increase in the thickness of the vastus intermedius muscle (TVI) (0.09 ± 0.01 cm; p = 0.008) and an increase of the rectus femoris (TRF) (1.06 ± 0.4 cm; p = 0.07) with the consequence of a significant increase of the (TVITRF) (0.15 ± 0.02 cm; p = 0.008). The sarcopenia index is also significant (1.03 ± 0.3 cm; p = 0.03). Muscle quality, as assessed by echogenicity analysis, improved significantly: muscle index (Mi) (0.04 ± 0.01; p = 0.04) and (fat index) FATi (−0.03 ± 0.01; p = 0.03).

Conclusions

The use of an HMB‐enriched ONS in DRM patients, combined with AI‐based ultrasound imaging for follow‐up, significantly improved their nutritional status, muscle mass and muscle quality as assessed by echogenicity.
Predicting In‐Hospital Fall Risk Using Machine Learning With Real‐Time Location System and Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Kim Dong Won , Seo Jihoon , Kwon Sujin , Park Chan Min , Han Changho , Kim Yujeong , Kim Jaewoong , Kim Chul Sik , Park Seok Won , Yoon Dukyong , Kim Kyoung Min
Published: February 2025

Background

Hospital falls are the most prevalent and fatal event in healthcare, posing significant risks to patient health outcomes and institutional care quality. Real‐time location system (RTLS) enables continuous tracking of patient location, providing a unique opportunity to monitor changes in physical activity, a key factor related to the risk of falls in hospitals. This study is aimed at utilizing RTLS data to capture dynamic patient movements, integrating it with clinical information through a machine learning approach to enhance in‐hospital fall predictions.

Methods

This retrospective study developed and compared three models: clinical data only, RTLS data only and a combined data model. It included 22 201 patients from Yongin Severance Hospital, South Korea, from March 2020 to June 2022, with 118 fall patients and 443 nonfall patients selected through random sampling and relevant criteria for detailed analysis, totaling 561 patients. The average age of the participants was 70.1 years, with a median of 71.0 years (IQR: 60.0–80.0). Among participants, 52.6% (n = 295) were male. This study evaluated the occurrence of the first fall during hospitalization. The performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC), the area under the precision‐recall curve (AUPRC) and the Brier score. The Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to enhance model explainability and assess the clinical utility of the models.

Results

The RTLS model showed significant predictive accuracy for hospital falls, with an AUROC of 0.813 (95% CI: 0.703–0.903). The clinical + RTLS model outperformed those using only one type of data, achieving an AUROC of 0.847 (95% CI: 0.764–0.917), AUPRC of 0.667 (95% CI: 0.472–0.816) and Brier score of 0.120 (95% CI: 0.083–0.162), with significant differences in performance metrics (p < 0.0001). DCA confirmed its greater clinical benefit. SHAP analysis indicated that patients who experienced falls tended to have less active time and slower movement speed just before the fall compared to the early hospitalization period, despite attempting to move more. Additionally, higher fall incidence was significantly associated with sedative use and higher red cell distribution width (RDW) levels.

Conclusion

This study underscores the capability of utilizing RTLS to predict in‐hospital falls by tracking the changes of patients' physical activity through a machine learning approach. This may improve early fall risk detection during hospitalization, thereby preventing falls and enhancing patient safety.
Hypofractionation Utilisation in Radiation Therapy: A Regional Department Evaluation
Authors: Tabet Cyrena , Brown Amy , Hargrave Catriona , Brown Savannah
Published: February 2025

Introduction

There has been an uptake in hypofractionation radiotherapy schedules (> 2.45 Gy per fraction) worldwide over the last decade. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the change in fractionation schedules for patients undergoing radiotherapy in regional Queensland. The influence of treatment site, intent and patient social circumstances was assessed, identifying any current gaps in practice.

Methods

This retrospective clinical audit, included patients who underwent radiotherapy in 2012, 2019 and 2022 at a large regional department. This allowed a 10‐year analysis and an evaluation of any impact of COVID‐19. Demographic data and treatment information was collected and analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results

There was a notable trend favouring hypofractionation for patients treated for breast and prostate cancer. In 2012, 62.7% of breast cancer patients were treated with conventional fractionation and 37.3% were treated with hypofractionation, versus 2.4% and 92.1%, respectively, in 2022. Prostate cancer fractionation changed from 99.4% of patients treated with conventional fractionation and 0.6% with hypofractionation in 2012 to 23.2% and 74.1%, respectively, in 2022. The standard of care also shifted for palliative intent, with lung, brain and bone metastases in 2022 being treated with increased hypofractionated and ultra‐hypofractionated radiotherapy (> 5 Gy per fraction). This coincides with more complex and modulated treatments being readily available, such as stereotactic radiotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy. Hypofractionated treatments, however, were not influenced by the social factors of patients, having no distinct relationship with Indigenous status, age and patients' distance to treatment.

Conclusion

This study has validated the increase in hypofractionated treatments over a range of cancer sites and treatment intents, with increased treatment complexity. This has a direct impact on both departmental resources and patient‐centred care, offering value‐based radiotherapy.
In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Antidiabetic Activity of Cupressus torulosa D. Don Needles, Their LCQTOFMS Assisted Metabolite Profiling, and Implications for Diabetes Management
Authors: Khanna Radhika , Chitme H. R. , Bhadoriya Khushaboo , Tripathi Y. C. , Varshney V. K.
Published: February 2025

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent metabolic disorder attributed to insulin secretion and action defects, affecting a growing adult population with hyperglycemia expected to reach 578 million by 2030. This study explores the antidiabetic potential of 25% aqueous methanol extract of Cupressus torulosa needles, utilizing in vitro and in vivo assays. In the α‐glucosidase inhibition assay, the extract exhibited significant in vitro antidiabetic activity with an IC50, 123.45 ± 1.8 μg/mL, comparable to the standard drug acarbose (IC50, 58.21 ± 3.1 μg/mL). Toxicity assessment indicated non‐toxic nature of the extract at 2000 mg/kg b.w. In STZ‐induced diabetic mice, it displayed dose‐dependent antihyperglycemic effects, evident at the fourth hour and 14th day, paralleling the positive control glibenclamide. In the chemical profiling of the extract using UPLC‐QTOF‐MS, the mobile phases consisted of 0.1% formic acid in water (Solvent A) and 100% methanol (Solvent B). The gradient elution started with 5% B (0 to 2 min) and gradually increased to 95% B by 25 min, followed by a post‐run time of 2 min. Preliminarily, 50 constituents were identified, predominantly phenolics, with hypoglycemic effects attributed to flavonoids like (−)‐epicatechin, amentoflavone, and cupressuflavone, as well as iridoid O‐glycoside, exemplified by haprpagoside. Further studies are needed to assess the long‐term efficacy, safety, and molecular mechanisms of the extract of C. torulosa needles in diabetes management.
Phylogenetic and Genetic Evolution Analysis of Complete SFTSV Genome Sequences in Shandong Province, China
Authors: Dong Shixiao , Jiao Haitao , Zhao Hong , Wang Lili , Peng Xun , Song Li , Sai Lintao
Published: February 2025

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV). Shandong province is one of the epidemic regions with high incidence rate of SFTS. To investigate phylogenetical and genetic evolution characteristics of SFTSV in Shandong province, we isolated SFTSV from suspected patients between April 2023 and October 2024, and then whole SFTSV genomes were amplified and sequenced in this study. A total of 25 new strains were analyzed together 56 strains submitted in Genbank from Shandong province. Phylogenetical and genetic analyses of the data set revealed that four genotypes were co‐circulating in Shandong province. C3 genotype was the most common genotype in each year with lower genetic divergence. 298 amino acid substitutions were detected in the four proteins of SFTSV, but only two substitutions (Arg624Lys and Arg962Ser) had been proven to have potential impacts on biological functions. In addition, one reassortment strain (C3/C4/C4 for L, M and S segments) and three recombinant strains were identified. Analysis of selection pressure at the level of amino acid substitutions indicated genes within the four ORFs of SFTSV were all subjected to negative selection. In conclusion, the genetic characteristics and evolutionary mechanism of SFTSV was complex in Shandong province. It is necessary to conduct continuous surveillance to grasp the genetic evolution patterns, and to discover novel prevalent variants in a timely manner.
Analysis of Spatio‐Temporal Characteristics of Drought in Serbia From 1961 to 2020 Using SPI and SPEI
Authors: Filipović Lazar , Putniković Suzana , Stosic Borko , Stosic Tatijana , Djurdjević Vladimir , Tošić Ivana
Published: February 2025

The main objective of this study was to analyse the spatial and temporal characteristics of drought in Serbia using the standardised precipitation index (SPI) and the standardised precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The duration and severity of drought were determined, and the trend of the indices for different accumulation periods, for 3 months (SPI3 and SPEI3), 6 months (SPI6 and SPEI6) and 12 months (SPI12 and SPEI12) were analysed for 10 meteorological stations in Serbia in the period 1961–2020. There was a high correlation between the SPI and SPEI on all time scales. Droughts were observed in Serbia in the following periods: 1961–1963, 1971–1972, 1987–1993, 2000–2003 and after 2011. The drought observed in 2000–2001 was recorded with both indices for all time scales at all stations. The longest drought was measured from June 2011 to February 2013, with a duration of 21 months and a severity of −37.5 with the SPEI12 in Loznica. The 1972 drought is observed in almost all of Serbia, although it was more pronounced in northern Serbia. A statistically significant negative trend is observed for SPEI12 at 6 stations. The SPEI tends to show longer and more severe dry periods than the SPI for the later part of the period under consideration, especially after 2000. As there is a significant increase in temperature in Serbia, the SPEI is better suited than the SPI for analysing drought characteristics under warming conditions.
Assessment of distillers corn oil as substrate for rhamnolipid biosurfactant production
Authors: Rocha Vanessa Alves Lima , de Paula Vieira de Castro Rui , Teixeira Douglas Braga , de Oliveira Eduardo , Cardoso Manuela Moore , de Almeida João Monnerat A. R. , Gomez José Gregório Cabrera , Freire Denise Maria Guimarães
Published: February 2025

This study is the first to explore the potential of distiller's corn oil (DCO) for rhamnolipid biosurfactant production. Two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC9027 [higher relative mono‐rhamnolipid content] and LFM1201 [higher relative di‐rhamnolipid content]) were used to evaluate the best biosurfactant producer. The biosurfactants were characterized in terms of kinetic, structural parameters, tensoactive parameters, and stability at high temperatures and varied pHs. Obtained results in flasks using DCO as substrate were: ATCC9027 (P = 4.6 g L−1, YP/S = 0.16 g g−1, Qp = 14.9 mg L−1 h); LFM1201 (P = 5.9 g L−1, YP/S = 0.20 g g−1, Qp = 13.7 mg L−1 h). Surface tension, interfacial tension and critical micellar concentration were respectively: 25.9, 4.7 mN m−1, 81.0 mg L−1 for ATCC9027, and 28.5, 7.8 mN m−1 and 121.1 mg L−1 for LFM1201. The main congeners were: Rha‐C10C10 (m/z 503.3) for ATCC9027 and RhaRha‐C10C10 (m/z 649.4) for LFM1201. Biosurfactants showed stability at high temperature and diverse pHs. Posteriorly, the carbon: nitrogen ratio of the cultivation medium was optimized, with an optimal value of 28:1. Finally, the optimized medium was used in a bioreactor in different operating modes: simple batch, pulse‐fed batch and continuous process. The best strategy for producing rhamnolipids using DCO as a carbon source was through a continuous process in a bioreactor. This method boosted rhamnolipid production, reaching 6.82 g L−1 (Yp/s = 0.35 g g−1). The results showed that DCO was a new and interesting substrate for rhamnolipid biosurfactant production, with characteristics suitable for future application in the biorefinery context, forming part of the circular economy concept.