bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Best performing definition of accelerated knee osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Driban Jeffrey B. , Stout Alina C. , Lo Grace H. , Eaton Charles B. , Price Lori Lyn , Lu Bing , Barbe Mary F. , McAlindon Timothy E.
Published: July 2016

Background:

We evaluated agreement among several definitions of accelerated knee osteoarthritis (AKOA) and construct validity by comparing their individual associations with injury, age, obesity, and knee pain.

Methods:

We selected knees from the Osteoarthritis Initiative that had no radiographic knee osteoarthritis [Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) 0 or 1] at baseline and had high-quality quantitative medial joint space width (JSW) measures on two or more consecutive visits ( n = 1655 knees, 1143 participants). Quantitative medial JSW was based on a semi-automated method and was location specific ( x = 0.25). We compared six definitions of AKOA: stringent JSW (averaged): average JSW loss greater than 1.05 mm/year over 4 years; stringent JSW (consistent): JSW loss greater than 1.05 mm/year for at least 2 years; lenient JSW (averaged): average JSW loss greater than 0.25 mm/year over 4 years; lenient JSW (consistent): JSW loss greater than 0.25 mm/year for at least 2 years; comprehensive KL based: progression from no radiographic osteoarthritis to advance-stage osteoarthritis (KL 3 or 4; development of definite osteophyte and joint space narrowing) within 4 years; and lenient KL based: an increase of at least two KL grades within 4 years.

Results:

Over 4 years the incidence rate of AKOA was 0.4%, 0.8%, 15.5%, 22.1%, 12.4%, and 7.2% based on the stringent JSW (averaged and consistent), lenient JSW (averaged and consistent), lenient KL-based definition, and comprehensive KL-based definition. All but one knee that met the stringent JSW definition also met the comprehensive KL-based definition. There was fair substantial agreement between the lenient JSW (averaged), lenient KL-based, and comprehensive KL-based definitions. A comprehensive KL-based definition led to larger effect sizes for injury, age, body mass index, and average pain over 4 years.

Conclusions:

A comprehensive KL-based definition of AKOA may be ideal because it represents a broader definition of joint deterioration compared with those focused on just joint space or osteophytes alone.
Adherence to Insulin Pump Behaviors in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Patton Susana R. , Driscoll Kimberly A. , Clements Mark A.
Published: July 2016

Background:

Parents of young children are responsible for daily type 1 diabetes (T1DM) cares including insulin bolusing. For optimal insulin pump management, parents should enter a blood glucose result (SMBG) and a carbohydrate estimate (if food will be consumed) into the bolus advisor in their child’s pump to assist in delivering the recommended insulin bolus. Previously, pump adherence behaviors were described in adolescents; we describe these behaviors in a sample of young children.

Methods:

Pump data covering between 14-30 consecutive days were obtained for 116 children. Assessed adherence to essential pump adherence behaviors (eg, SMBG, carbohydrate entry, and insulin use) and adherence to 3 Wizard/Bolus Advisor steps: SMBG–carbohydrate entry–insulin bolus delivered.

Results:

Parents completed SMBG ≥4 times on 99% of days, bolused insulin ≥3 times on 95% of days, and entered carbohydrates ≥3 times on 93% of days, but they corrected for hyperglycemia (≥250 mg/dl or 13.9 mmol/l) only 63% of the time. Parents completed Wizard/Bolus Advisor steps (SMBG, carbohydrate entry, insulin bolus) within 30 minutes for 43% of boluses. Inverse correlations were found between children’s mean daily glucose and the percentage of days with ≥4 SMBG and ≥3 carbohydrate entries as well as the percentage of boluses where all Wizard/Bolus Advisor steps were completed.

Conclusions:

Parents of young children adhered to individual pump behaviors, but showed some variability in their adherence to Wizard/Bolus Advisor steps. Parents showed low adherence to recommendations to correct for hyperglycemia. Like adolescents, targeting pump behaviors in young children may have the potential to optimize glycemic control.
A Qualitative Analytic Case Study of Subliminal Gender Bias in Japanese ELTs
Authors: Clark Ian
Published: July 2016

Bias is communicated via the “hidden curriculum”—the vehicle for the unspoken academic, social, and cultural messages that are communicated to students while they are in school. Revealing the hidden curriculum in English language textbooks (ELTs) entails an analytical and holistic approach to the content of the text and images appearing in school textbooks by connecting corresponding examples of subliminal bias which may be many pages apart. This article reviews existing Japanese and international literature on the gender bias created by the hidden curriculum before going on to present a Japanese case study of an ELT in widespread use in Japanese public junior high schools. It was found that while males and females are represented equally in terms of quantity, there exists a remarkable subliminal gender bias that affects young learners’ worldviews of female and male roles in society.
Book Review: Kapila D. Silva and Neel Kamal Chapagain (Eds), Asian Heritage Management: Contexts, Concerns, and Prospects
Authors: Lawless Julie Williams
Published: July 2016

Kapila D. Silva and Neel Kamal Chapagain (Eds), Asian Heritage Management: Contexts, Concerns, and Prospects, London and New York: Routledge, 2013, 386 pp., US$160, ISBN: 978-0-415-52054-6.
Regeneration of a Mixed Use Area in the Historic Core of a City—A Case study of ‘Chala’ in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Authors: Nair Anurup Kesavan , Basu Sanghamitra
Published: July 2016

The process of urban regeneration is a comprehensive approach, which seeks to bring about enduring and sustainable improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subjected to deterioration. It needs a thorough understanding of the dynamics of change in the area. The present article intends to explore the strengths and potentials of the study area and its surroundings, and thereby devise policy guidelines to eradicate the deficiencies. Indian cities are multicultural and vibrant and each city presents a unique situation that needs to be assessed in its own historical and cultural context. For instance, in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala, festivals, arts and crafts play an integral role. The Thiruvananthapuram historic fort with the magnificent temple and palace complexes, and its adjacent commercial zone of Chala, continues to be the hub of the city. Despite its central location, pedestrian scale and an active community of artisans, the living/working conditions of Chala have worsened over the past few decades. This technical article takes a holistic approach towards the regeneration of Chala, thereby providing a sound framework for collateral investment and user participation. The proposals are based on a careful assessment of available opportunities, compatible programmes and possibilities for joint mobilization of various stakeholders and public– private partnership. With a dedicated project management structure along with community participation and coordination, such proposals, if implemented, will hopefully ensure sustainable regeneration of the area.
Feasibility of lung clearance index in a clinical setting in pre-school children
Authors: Downing Barrett , Irving Samantha , Bingham Yvonne , Fleming Louise , Bush Andrew , Saglani Sejal
Published: July 2016

Lung function testing in pre-school children in the clinical setting is challenging. Most cannot perform spirometry and many infant lung function tests require sedation. Lung clearance index (LCI) derived from the multiple-breath washout (MBW) test has been shown to be sensitive to early disease changes but may be time consuming and so a shortened test (LCI0.5) may be more feasible in young children. We sought to establish feasibility of MBW in unsedated pre-school children in a clinic setting and hypothesised use of LCI0.5would increase success rates.

116 pre-school children (28 healthy controls and 88 with respiratory disease), median age 4.0 years (range 2–6 years), underwent MBW tests unsedated in a clinic setting, using sulfur hexafluoride as a tracer gas and an adapted photoacoustic gas analyser.

81 (70%) out of 116 children completed LCI and 72% completed LCI0.5measurement. Test success increased significantly in patients over 3 years (0% at <2.5 years, 33% at 2.5–3 years and 70% at >3 years, p<0.0001). LCI was elevated in those with respiratory disease compared with healthy controls.

MBW is feasible in a clinic setting in unsedated pre-schoolers, particularly in those >3 years old, and LCI is raised in those with respiratory disease. Use of LCI0.5did not increase success rate in pre-schoolers.
Age-driven developmental drift in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Selman Moisés , López-Otín Carlos , Pardo Annie
Published: July 2016

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and usually lethal disease of unknown aetiology. A growing body of evidence supports that IPF represents an epithelial-driven process characterised by aberrant epithelial cell behaviour, fibroblast/myofibroblast activation and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix with the subsequent destruction of the lung architecture. The mechanisms involved in the abnormal hyper-activation of the epithelium are unclear, but we propose that recapitulation of pathways and processes critical to embryological development associated with a tissue specific age-related stochastic epigenetic drift may be implicated. These pathways may also contribute to the distinctive behaviour of IPF fibroblasts. Genomic and epigenomic studies have revealed that wingless/Int, sonic hedgehog and other developmental signalling pathways are reactivated and deregulated in IPF. Moreover, some of these pathways cross-talk with transforming growth factor-β activating a profibrotic feedback loop. The expression pattern of microRNAs is also dysregulated in IPF and exhibits a similar expression profile to embryonic lungs. In addition, senescence, a process usually associated with ageing, which occurs early in alveolar epithelial cells of IPF lungs, likely represents a conserved programmed developmental mechanism. Here, we review the major developmental pathways that get twisted in IPF, and discuss the connection with ageing and potential therapeutic approaches.
Expression and knockdown of zebrafish folliculin suggests requirement for embryonic brain morphogenesis
Authors: Kenyon Emma J. , Luijten Monique N. H. , Gill Harmeet , Li Nan , Rawlings Matthew , Bull James C. , Hadzhiev Yavor , van Steensel Maurice A. M. , Maher Eamonn , Mueller Ferenc
Published: July 2016

Background

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome characterised by the development of benign skin fibrofolliculomas, multiple lung and kidney cysts, spontaneous pneumothorax and susceptibility to renal cell carcinoma. BHD is caused by mutations in the gene encoding Folliculin (FLCN). Little is known about what FLCN does in a healthy individual and how best to treat those with BHD. As a first approach to developing a vertebrate model for BHD we aimed to identify the temporal and spatial expression of flcn transcripts in the developing zebrafish embryo. To gain insights into the function of flcn in a whole organism system we generated a loss of function model of flcn by the use of morpholino knockdown in zebrafish.

Results

flcn is expressed broadly and upregulated in the fin bud, somites, eye and proliferative regions of the brain of the Long-pec stage zebrafish embryos. Together with knockdown phenotypes, expression analysis suggest involvement of flcn in zebrafish embryonic brain development. We have utilised the zFucci system, an in vivo, whole organism cell cycle assay to study the potential role of flcn in brain development. We found that at the 18 somite stage there was a significant drop in cells in the S-M phase of the cell cycle in flcn morpholino injected embryos with a corresponding increase of cells in the G1 phase. This was particularly evident in the brain, retina and somites of the embryo. Timelapse analysis of the head region of flcn morpholino injected and mismatch control embryos shows the temporal dynamics of cell cycle misregulation during development.

Conclusions

In conclusion we show that zebrafish flcn is expressed in a non-uniform manner and is likely required for the maintenance of correct cell cycle regulation during embryonic development. We demonstrate the utilisation of the zFucci system in testing the role of flcn in cell proliferation and suggest a function for flcn in regulating cell proliferation in vertebrate embryonic brain development.
Line search fixed point algorithms based on nonlinear conjugate gradient directions: application to constrained smooth convex optimization
Authors: Iiduka Hideaki
Published: July 2016

This paper considers the fixed point problem for a nonexpansive mapping on a real Hilbert space and proposes novel line search fixed point algorithms to accelerate the search. The termination conditions for the line search are based on the well-known Wolfe conditions that are used to ensure the convergence and stability of unconstrained optimization algorithms. The directions to search for fixed points are generated by using the ideas of the steepest descent direction and conventional nonlinear conjugate gradient directions for unconstrained optimization. We perform convergence as well as convergence rate analyses on the algorithms for solving the fixed point problem under certain assumptions. The main contribution of this paper is to make a concrete response to an issue of constrained smooth convex optimization; that is, whether or not we can devise nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithms to solve constrained smooth convex optimization problems. We show that the proposed fixed point algorithms include ones with nonlinear conjugate gradient directions which can solve constrained smooth convex optimization problems. To illustrate the practicality of the algorithms, we apply them to concrete constrained smooth convex optimization problems, such as constrained quadratic programming problems and generalized convex feasibility problems, and numerically compare them with previous algorithms based on the Krasnosel’skiĭ-Mann fixed point algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithms dramatically reduce the running time and iterations needed to find optimal solutions to the concrete optimization problems compared with the previous algorithms.
Short-term effects of vacuum massage on epidermal and dermal thickness and density in burn scars: an experimental study
Authors: Meirte Jill , Moortgat Peter , Anthonissen Mieke , Maertens Koen , Lafaire Cynthia , De Cuyper Lieve , Hubens Guy , Van Daele Ulrike
Published: July 2016

Background

Vacuum massage is a non-invasive mechanical massage technique invented to treat burns and scars. To date, no effects of vacuum massage on thickness and density of human scar tissue have been reported. The process in which external stimuli are converted into biochemical responses in the cell is known as mechanotransduction. In the skin endothelial cells, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM) sense mechanical stimuli (created by vacuum massage) and may promote intracellular processes leading to matrix remodelling. Since mechanotransduction could be a plausible working mechanism for vacuum massage as an anti-scarring therapy, this study aims to investigate the short-term effects of vacuum massage on thickness and density of epidermis and dermis in burn scars in order to find proof of ECM remodelling.

Methods

A one group experimental study was performed. Patients with burn scars on upper extremities, lower extremities, and trunk were recruited for participation in this study. The DUB®cutis 22 MHz ultrasound scanner was used to assess thickness and density of the epidermal and dermal skin layers. After baseline measurements, vacuum massage was performed according to a pre-defined protocol. Measurements were carried out at 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h post-intervention.

Results

Thirteen scar sites from 9 different patients were investigated. In 8 out of the 13 scar sites, a disruption of the epidermis was noticed after the vacuum massage. Five minutes after the intervention, epidermal density decreased statistically significantly (p = .022) and dermal thickness increased (p = .018). Both changes lasted for more than 1 h, but after 2 h, the changes were no longer statistically significant. Dermal density decreased significantly (p = .048) immediately after the intervention, and this decrease was still present after 2 h (p = .011).

Conclusions

Preliminary results show that the disruption of the epidermis may indicate that vacuum massage could be able to actually breach the skin barrier. The statistically significant changes in the dermal layers could suggest an increased ECM production after vacuum massage.
Baseline characteristics and treatment-emergent risk factors associated with cerebrovascular event and death with risperidone in dementia patients
Authors: Howard Robert , Costafreda Sergi G. , Karcher Keith , Coppola Danielle , Berlin Jesse A. , Hough David
Published: July 2016

Background

Use of antipsychotics to treat behavioural symptoms of dementia has been associated with increased risks of mortality and stroke. Little is known about individual patient characteristics that might be associated with bad or good outcomes.

Aims

We examined the risperidone clinical trial data to look for individual patient characteristics associated with these adverse outcomes.

Method

Data from all double-blind randomised controlled trials of risperidone in dementia patients (risperidone n = 1009, placebo n = 712) were included. Associations between characteristics and outcome were analysed based on crude incidences and exposure-adjusted incidence rates, and by time-to-event analyses using Cox proportional hazards regression. Interactions between treatment (risperidone or placebo) and characteristic were analysed with a Cox proportional hazards regression model with main effects for treatment and characteristic in addition to the interaction term.

Results

Baseline complications of depression (treatment by risk factor interaction on cerebrovascular adverse event (CVAE) hazard ratio (HR): P = 0.025) and delusions (P = 0.043) were associated with a lower relative risk of CVAE in risperidone-treated patients (HR = 1.47 and 0.54, respectively) compared to not having the complication (HR = 5.88 and 4.16). For mortality, the only significant baseline predictor in patients treated with risperidone was depression, which was associated with a lower relative risk (P<0.001). The relative risk of mortality was increased in risperidone patients treated with anti-inflammatory medications (P = 0.021).

Conclusions

Only anti-inflammatory medications increased mortality risk with risperidone. The reduced risks of CVAE in patients with comorbid depression and delusions, and of mortality with depression, may have clinical implications when weighing the benefits and risks of treatment with risperidone in patients with dementia.
A chemical with proven clinical safety restores Down syndrome-related phenotypes via DYRK1A inhibition
Authors: Kim Hyeongki , Lee Kyu-Sun , Kim Ae-Kyeong , Choi Miri , Choi Kwangman , Kang Mingu , Chi Seung-Wook , Lee Min-Sung , Lee Jeong-Soo , Lee So-Young , Song Woo-Joo , Yu Kweon , cho Sungchan
Published: July 2016

DYRK1A is important in neuronal development and function, and its excessive activity is considered a significant pathogenic factor in Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, inhibition of DYRK1A has been suggested to be a new strategy to modify the disease. Very few compounds, however, have been reported to act as inhibitors, and their potential clinical uses require further evaluation. Here, we newly identify CX-4945, the safety of which has been already proven in the clinical setting, as a potent inhibitor of DYRK1A that acts in an ATP-competitive manner. The inhibitory potency of CX-4945 on DYRK1A (IC50=6.8 nM) in vitro was higher than those of harmine, INDY, and proINDY, which are the well-known potent inhibitors of DYRK1A. CX-4945 effectively reverses the aberrant phosphorylation of Tau, amyloid precursor protein (APP), and presenilin 1 (PS1) in mammalian cells. To our surprise, feeding with CX-4945 significantly restored the neurological and phenotypic defects induced by the overexpression of minibrain, an ortholog of human DYRK1A, in the Drosophila model. Moreover, oral administration of CX-4945 acutely suppressed Tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus of DYRK1A-overexpressing mice. Our research results demonstrate that CX-4945 is a potent DYRK1A inhibitor, and also suggest its therapeutic potential for DYRK1A-associated diseases.
İspanyol Engizisyonu ve Müslümanlar
Authors: Kılıç Ayşe
Published: July 2016

1492 yılı, İber yarımadasının tarihinde bir dönüm noktasıdır. Katolik hükümdarlar olarak da bilinen Fernando ve Isabel, reconquista sürecini başarılı şekilde sona erdirmiş ve böylece güçlü bir devletin ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamışlardı. Fernando ve Isabel’in evlenmesiyle Kastilya ve Aragon krallıkları birleşmişti. İspanya’nın birliği için gereken askerî ve siyasî mücadele, reconquista sonunda tamamlanmıştı. Şimdi ise dinî birliğe ulaşmak istiyorlardı. Kripto-Yahudilerin (conversos ya da judeoconversos) sürülmesiyle, dinî birliği gerçekleştirme fikrinin önündeki ilk engel aşıldı. Bundan sonra sıra Endülüs Müslümanlarının Hıristiyanlaştırılmasına gelmişti. Isabel ve Fernando, Müslümanların gönüllü olarak Hıristiyan inancını benimseyeceği ve kendi Hıristiyan ortamlarına intibak edeceğini umuyorlardı. Fakat, dönüşüm kampanyaları ve misyonerlik çabaları gayretsizce yürütüldüğü için, büyük ölçüde başarısızlıkla sonuçlandı. Endülüs Müslümanları, İslâm dinini gizlice sürdürüp, görünüşte asimile olmuş gibi davrandılar. İspanyol engizisyonunun görevi ise, kripto-Müslümanların gerçekten Hıristiyanlaşıp Hıristiyanlaşmadıklarını anlamak ve olmayanları yargıya teslim etmekti. İspanyol engizisyonu, kripto-Müslümanlara karşı bölgelere göre farklı şekilde ilerlemiştir. Müslümanların günlük hayatı, mecburî vaftizler ve ayrımcı düzenlemelerle, katlanılması zor bir şekilde devam etmiştir. Bu makalenin amacı, örneklerle Müslümanların karşı karşıya kaldıkları haksız uygulamaları yansıtmak ve bu uygulamalardan kurtulmak için başvurdukları yöntemlerin neler olduğu üzerinde durmaktır.
Ibn Warraq Vakası: “Self-Kolonizasyon” İçin Mütevazı Bir Kavramsallaştırma Denemesi
Authors: İhsan Gökdemir
Published: July 2016

Doğu ve Batı hakkında konuşmaya başlar başlamaz, hâkim akademik söylem bizden bir hususta hemen şahadet getirmemizi bekler: Allah sizi inandırsın ki Doğuya ve Batıya mutlak birer varoluş atfeden “özcü” bir yaklaşımdan uzağız ve Oryantalizm karşısında Oksidentalist bir tavır falan aldığımız da yok! Bu obligation à dire1 akla antisemitik yemin tazelemeyi getiriyor: İsrail’in o azgın saldırganlığını en hafif bir eleştirinin dahi konusu yapmaya kalktığınızda, bir antisemit olmadığınızı yemin billah kanıtlamak zorundasınızdır. Art arda gelen bu çağrışım aslında ilgisiz iki meselenin ironik benzerliğinden öte bir anlam da taşıyor: Neo-kolonyalistler kendilerine yeni düşman olarak İslam’ı seçip, her türlü kötülüğün isminin önüne onun ismini ekledikçe, İsrail, Filistin üzerindeki katliamlarını rahatlıkla sürdürebiliyor. Said’in Haberlerin Ağında İslam’da belagatle izah ettiği gibi, Batı ve Amerikan medyasında “İslam”, “fundamentalizm” ve “terör” kavramları yan yana ve hatta birbirinin eşdeğeri olarak kullanıldıkça, “haklı İsrail” imgesi giderek güçleniyor.
O ensino médio como parcela do direito ao mínimo existencial
Authors: Hachem Daniel Wunder , Bonat Alan
Published: July 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar se o ensino médio, terceira etapa da educação básica, integra o direito ao mínimo existencial. Para tanto, são analisadas a estrutura normativa e o regime de proteção do direito fundamental à educação. Na sequência, apresenta-se uma definição do direito ao mínimo existencial, identificando que a sua estrutura normativa é de regra, insuscetível ao sopesamento. Após, tendo em vista a necessidade de definição do conteúdo do mínimo existencial, são analisadas distintas correntes a respeito de quais posições do direito fundamental à educação integram aquele direito, concluindo-se que de acordo com a Constituição brasileira de 1988, as finalidades e a relevância do ensino médio tornam essa etapa da educação imprescindível para a garantia da dignidade da pessoa humana. Ao final, o artigo examina o entendimento do Poder Judiciário, a partir de julgamentos proferidos pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a respeito do ensino médio como parcela do mínimo existencial.
Liberalismo à moda brasileira: o velho problema do capitalismo politicamente orientado
Authors: Streck Lenio Luiz , Lima Danilo Pereira
Published: July 2016

O trabalho procura atacar os efeitos do Estado patrimonialista sobre a sociedade civil, ao destacar os prejuízos que este modelo de dominação tradicional causa numa sociedade democrática. É um modelo que não consegue distinguir muito bem a esfera pública da esfera privada, comprometendo o funcionamento de uma República, já que os negócios privados se apoiam excessivamente em “parcerias” com Estado. Enfrentar o patrimonialismo é fazer com que o liberalismo brasileiro tenha outro caráter, mais coerente com a democracia, com o constitucionalismo e com o livre desenvolvimento da sociedade civil. Estas questões serão abordadas neste artigo, com o intuito de realizar uma reflexão sobre o funcionamento do Estado brasileiro; a recepção que este fez do liberalismo; e as possibilidades de se instituir um regime republicano em terras brasileiras.
Constitucionalidade das convalidações de incentivos fiscais acordadas entre os estados
Authors: Afonso José Roberto , Fuck Luciano Felicio , Szelbracikowski Daniel Correa
Published: July 2016

O Supremo Tribunal Federal julgará se é possível perdoar créditos tributários decorrentes de incentivos concedidos unilateralmente pelos Estados e Distrito Federal, no passado, se houver posterior concordância do CONFAZ sobre a matéria. Considerando que a inconstitucionalidade formal é sanável, legislação superveniente que tenha obedecido ao procedimento previsto constitucionalmente não poderia ser taxada de inconstitucional em razão de vícios de forma presentes nas legislações anteriores. Não se trata de modular a eficácia das leis anteriormente declaradas inconstitucionais. As leis mais recentes, com amparo no princípio da separação dos poderes e no pacto federativo, tratam de outra matéria, isto é, do tratamento normativo dos créditos tributários nascidos em decorrência da utilização dos benefícios fiscais declarados inconstitucionais. Impedir a referida remissão retiraria dos Estados que compõem a Federação um dos instrumentos que, no contexto do federalismo de coordenação e cooperação, possibilitam a negociação em torno dos problemas relativos à Guerra Fiscal em busca do bem-estar coletivo e em respeito às expectativas dos contribuintes.
Regras constitutivas podem criar uma prática?
Authors: Lorini Giuseppe
Published: July 2016

O autor investiga o papel das regras constitutivas na construção da realidade social. Ele nega que as regras constitutivas sejam condição suficiente de uma prática como um jogo de xadrez. Para criar uma nova prática com regras, é necessário que já exista uma gramática dessa prática, ou seja, o sentido dessa prática (por exemplo, o sentido de jogo). É a gramática de uma prática – e não suas regras constitutivas – que determina a natureza de uma prática. O sentido de uma prática não pode ser criado por regras constitutivas.
Liberdade de expressão e direito à informação: os limites da atividade jornalística sob a ótica do STF e do STJ
Authors: Dantas Andressa De Bittencourt Vieira , Gonçalves Camila Figueiredo Oliveira
Published: July 2016

Liberdade de expressão e direito à informação são os direitos fundamentais que balizam a atividade jornalística. Por seu caráter relativo, no entanto, podem entrar em rota de colisão com outros direitos, como a honra, a imagem e a privacidade. Este trabalho tem como objetivos, portanto, explicitar os limites éticos legais e as responsabilidades jurídicas atribuíveis a jornalistas e veículos de comunicação em razão do exercício profissional; estudar a regra da proporcionalidade como método de resolução de conflitos entre direitos fundamentais; analisar o entendimento jurisprudencial dos tribunais superiores acerca do conflito entre liberdade de expressão e direito à informação versus outros direitos fundamentais e como tais princípios têm sido relativizados. Dessa forma, são analisadas 41 decisões proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal e pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça no período entre 30/04/2009 e 30/04/2015, com o intuito de esclarecer quais dos direitos em conflito têm ou não prevalecido nos casos concretos, buscando chegar uma resposta o mais fidedigna possível quanto aos reais limites da atuação jornalística e compreender se o que tem sido julgado tem criado precedentes. A pesquisa é feita de forma quali-quantitativa, descritiva e indutiva. O trabalho justifica-se pelo ineditismo da abordagem da temática e pela carência de estudos acadêmicos que tratem do embate entre liberdade de expressão e direito à informação versus outros direitos fundamentais pelo viés empírico. Os resultados buscam auxiliar a reflexão acerca do exercício midiático, avaliando de que forma a atividade jornalística pode servir à sociedade sem cometer atos ilícitos ou abusar de seus direitos balizadores.
THE LEGITIMIZATION OF INSTITUTIONS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY IN THE POLITICO-LEGAL SPACE OF RUSSIA: PECULIARITIES OF MENTAL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Мордовцев Андрей , Mordovtsev Andrey
Published: July 2016

The article highlighted the structural elements of mental measurement processes and factors of legitimation of State authority in the domestic political and legal space. The focus is on the two alternative models of post-Soviet State-legal construction, both conservative and Liberal, which largely determines the logic of national

statehood at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries. In this context, the

author highlights the specificity of the legitimation of power institutions,

identifies the basic parameters of its study, raises questions

about the possible prospects for the modernization of the power relations

in the context of Russian culture-civilizational identity.
THOUGHTS OF THE CONTENTS AND PROSPECTS OF LEGAL INSTITUTE OF REDISTRIBUTION OF MUNICIPAL POWERS
Authors: Соловьев Сергей , Solovyev Syergyey
Published: July 2016

This research paper is about the conceptual, theoretical and practical aspects of legal institute of authority redistribution between local government bodies and the bodies of the Russian Federation state power. Prerequisites for introduction, the content and an expert estimates of specified legal Institute prospects are

investigated in the paper. From the goal-setting theory position in the study the main objectives for which achievement the local selfgovernment was included in the state system mechanism of the Russian Federation are formulated and author´s vision of hierarchy of these purposes is offered. Considering the hierarchy of local

self-government objectives attempt to estimate the prospects of improvement

the authority redistribution mechanism between local self-government bodies and the bodies of the Russian Federation state power is made and also to formulate the prediction of rather probabilistic results of analyzed legal institute introduction to the

local self-government modern system. Research is executed with financial support of RGNF. Project «Improvement of System of the Conceptual and Ideological Bases

of Local Government Fixed in Legal System of the Russian Federation

» No. 16-03-50015.
LEGAL STATUS NON-MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE XVI-XIX CENTURIES
Authors: Сквозников Александр , Skvoznikov Aleksandr
Published: July 2016

The aim of the article is to investigate the legal status of non-Muslim communities in the Ottoman Empire. The author concluded that the sources of Islamic law, including the Koran and Islamic legal doctrine, formed the basis of the legal system of the Ottoman Empire, recognized the equality of people regardless of their racial, ethnic or religious affiliation. Non-Muslim subjects of the Ottoman Empire guaranteed the right to life, security of person and property, freedom of religion, freedom of economic activity, the right to judicial protection and protection against external enemies. However, the scope of rights and duties of citizens depend on their religious affiliation. The Ottoman Empire was essentially theocratic state, where Islam is the state religion and regularly held a dominant position among the other denominations. Served non-Muslim were somewhat limited in their rights: they could not come to the state, including military service, which does not allow us to talk about full equality of all subjects of the Ottoman Empire, regardless of religion.
Hierarchical Benders Decomposition for Open-Pit Mine Block Sequencing
Authors: Vossen Thomas W. M. , Wood R. Kevin , Newman Alexandra M.
Published: July 2016

The open-pit mine block sequencing problem (OPBS) models a deposit of ore and surrounding material near the Earth’s surface as a three-dimensional grid of blocks. A solution in discretized time identifies a profit-maximizing extraction (mining) schedule for the blocks. Our model variant, a mixed-integer program (MIP), presumes a predetermined destination for each extracted block, namely, processing plant or waste dump. The MIP incorporates standard constructs but also adds not-so-standard lower bounds on resource consumption in each time period and allows fractional block extraction in a novel fashion while still enforcing pit-wall slope restrictions. A new extension of nested Benders decomposition, “hierarchical” Benders decomposition (HBD), solves the MIP’s linear-programming relaxation. HBD exploits time-aggregated variables and can recursively decompose a model into a master problem and two subproblems rather than the usual single subproblem. A specialized branch-and-bound heuristic then produces high-quality, mixed-integer solutions. Medium-sized problems (e.g., 25,000 blocks and 20 time periods) solve to near optimality in minutes. To the best of our knowledge, these computational results are the best known for instances of OPBS that enforce lower bounds on resource consumption.
Predicting the Potential Market for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Jensen Anders F. , Cherchi Elisabetta , Mabit Stefan L. , Ortúzar Juan de Dios
Published: July 2016

Forecasting the potential demand for electric vehicles is a challenging task. Because most studies for new technologies rely on stated preference (SP) data, market share predictions will reflect shares in the SP data and not in the real market. Moreover, typical disaggregate demand models are suitable to forecast demand in relatively stable markets, but show limitations in the case of innovations. When predicting the market for new products it is crucial to account for the role played by innovation and how it penetrates the new market over time through a diffusion process. However, typical diffusion models in marketing research use fairly simple demand models. In this paper we discuss the problem of predicting market shares for new products and suggest a method that combines advanced choice models with a diffusion model to take into account that new products often need time to gain a significant market share. We have the advantage of a relatively unique databank where respondents were submitted to the same stated choice experiment before and after experiencing an electric vehicle. Results show that typical choice models forecast a demand that is too restrictive in the long period. Accounting for the diffusion effect, instead allows predicting the usual slow penetration of a new product in the initial years after product launch and a faster market share increase after diffusion takes place.
Heart murmurs in puppies and kittens
Authors: Sewell David
Published: July 2016

A heart murmur is a relatively frequent finding during routine examination of puppies and kittens. This article considers the decision-making process that the small animal clinician faces when presented with a murmur in a paediatric patient, and the features of pathological versus non-pathological murmurs. Options for investigating murmurs in these patients, and the benefits of interventional cardiology for managing congenital heart disease, are also reviewed.
Comment: Brexit or Bremain — the message is still the same
Authors: Stokes Laura
Published: July 2016

What do all veterinary and animal health organisations, in the UK and out, have in common? We all place animal welfare as a top priority. Why would that change because of the results of an EU referendum in the UK?
Exploring manual handling practices by informal carers
Authors: Thomas Kate E , Broady Timothy R , James Carole L
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims:

Manual handling is a significant component in the role of an informal carer. This research aimed to understand the manual handling needs and practices of informal primary carers.

Methods:

This qualitative study utilised semi-structured face-to-face interviews to gather data from one male and female carer living in the community with a spouse with Parkinson's disease. Using comparative thematic analysis, categories and themes emerged from the detailed descriptions of the lived experiences.

Findings:

Three main themes emerged from the data: 1. Carer experience: manual handling was a daily task, however care recipients sometimes assisted in a modified environment; and carers utilised previous experiences; 2. Equipment: a variety of prescribed and non-prescribed equipment was used, however limited training was provided; 3. Perceived needs: identified needs included education on manual handling techniques, physical exercises for carers, equipment information, financial assistance for equipment and increased formal support.

Conclusions:

A lack of assistance for Australian informal carers with manual handling in relation to information provision, training and awareness of equipment and supports was highlighted. There is a need for increased carer awareness of services and support group networks, as well as for health professionals to deliver relevant advice to carers as part of service provision to care recipients.
A cancer diagnosis — what now?
Authors: Kerrigan Lynne
Published: July 2016

Few words in the English language evoke such depth and variety of emotion as the word cancer ( Lagoni et al, 1994 ). Faced with a spectrum of potential owner reactions, veterinary personnel must provide accurate medical information and appropriate emotional support. For many clients, such a diagnosis in their treasured companion implies pain, discomfort and impending loss of life ( Ciekot, 1995 ). The role of veterinary personnel in a cancer diagnosis includes that of health care provider, teacher and source of emotional support. This article will outline the role of personnel from presentation of the diagnosis and discussion of treatment options, to providing support for the owner and extended family of the pet throughout the cancer journey.
Evidence surrounding the feeding of natural/raw diets to dogs and cats
Authors: Ackerman Nicola
Published: July 2016

Many pet owners seek advice from veterinary nurses and technicians on all aspects of nutrition from how to feed to what to feed; ranging from commercial diets to feeding raw diets, natural diets and home-cooked/prepared foods. Good sound evidence-based knowledge should be utilised in order to convey the advice given on all aspects of nutrition.
Keep ticking away at parasite control
Authors: Stokes Laura
Published: July 2016

Parasitology is featuring more and more in our day to day lives, both for veterinary professionals and for pet owners. For those of us who work in the field, this is a major breakthrough! Gone are the days when the terms ‘worms’, ‘ticks’ and ‘fleas’ would instigate a look of confusion.
Influence of a Carbon Tax on Low-Carbon Trade Competitiveness of the Paper-Making Industry
Authors: Lin Weiming , Zheng Yi , Dai Yongwu
Published: July 2016

Policies to constrain carbon emissions, such as the carbon tax, have made low-carbon trade competitiveness (LCTC) a significant tendency in research concerning industrial international competitiveness. However, few empirical studies have analyzed the influence of a carbon tax on LCTC. We combined the trade competitiveness index and industrial carbon productivity to construct an industrial LCTC index that can analyze carbon emissions performance and international competitiveness. We then used the LCTC index to build a dynamic panel model with its potential factors, which was estimated by system generalized method of moments method based on panel data of 38 countries between 1995 and 2009. We found evidence that a carbon tax exerts an indirect positive influence on the LCTC of the paper-making industry by stimulating technological innovation. The policy implications suggest that, considering the increasingly intensified countermeasures against carbon leakage, governments should strengthen the promotion mechanism of technological innovation to guarantee the positive effects of a carbon tax.
Effect of Thermal Treatment on Functional Groups and Degree of Cellulose Crystallinity of Eucalyptus Wood (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla)
Authors: Cheng Xi Yi , Li Xian Jun , Xu Kang , Huang Qiong Tao , Sun Hong Nan , Wu Yi Qiang
Published: July 2016

In this study, eucalyptus wood was subjected to thermal treatment with super-heated steam under various conditions. The effects of temperature and exposure time on the functional groups and degree of cellulose crystallinity of the eucalyptus wood (Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla) were analyzed. The results showed that the thermal treatment caused significant changes in the chemical composition and structure of wood. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) absorption peaks of the hydroxyl group decreased from 3,425 to 3,250 cm−1 for all thermally treated samples. Higher treatment temperature and extended exposure led to the lower methyl levels, with almost no methyl present at 220°C. The aromatic ring first increased and then decreased with increasing temperature and exposure time. The carbonyl group maintained the same intensity, with small fluctuations, across the different thermal treatment conditions. Compared with the untreated wood sample, the X-ray diffraction peak position of thermally treated samples shifted slightly left from 22.02° to 21.06°, and the distance between crystal planes increased. The degree of cellulose crystallinity of eucalyptus wood was affected significantly by treatment temperature with a confidence level of 99 percent.
Influence of Environmental Factors on Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Plywood Tested by a Rapid Detection Method
Authors: Qifan Wang , Jun Shen , Yang Zhao , Wanjun Liu
Published: July 2016

At certain concentrations, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may harm people's health. This article introduces a new rapid detection method for testing VOCs released from three-layer plywood. A Micro-Chamber/Thermal Extractor was used to analyze the effect of environmental factors on release characteristics of VOCs in the stable phase, and a single-factor experiment was used to analyze the release of VOCs under different temperatures, relative humidity levels, and ratios of air exchange rate–to–loading factor, by using the rapid sampling device together with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, and esters were the main components of VOC emissions released from three-layer plywood. The percentage of VOC components in the stable phase changed as the single factors changed. Temperature has the greatest impact on the percentage of VOC components. The VOC concentration increased as temperature and relative humidity increased but decreased as the ratio of air exchange rate–to–loading factor increased. Temperature had a greater impact on VOC release from three-layer plywood than did relative humidity or the air exchange rate–to–loading factor ratio.
‘He should have put them in the freezer’: Creating and connecting through shared reading
Authors: Jones Susan , Harvey Kevin
Published: July 2016

Shared reading involves reading short stories, poems, novels and plays aloud with groups of people who meet in a range of settings. Readings are conducted by a facilitator, after which the group members share their responses to the texts. The social and therapeutic benefits of shared reading have been well-documented, often with an emphasis on the role of literature in improving the well-being of individuals. In this article, we bring together our backgrounds in the study of sociolinguistics and literacy education to discuss the work of an inner city shared reading group with which we are both involved. The emphasis in the shared reading we present is on the members’ active and agentive participation in the co-construction of meaning through shared reading and the discussion of texts. We argue that a focus on the collaborative aspect of shared reading contributes to understanding of the role it can play in supporting inclusive, participatory arts practice in communities.
Qualitative analysis of multi-disciplinary round-table discussions on the acceleration of benefits and data analytics through hospital electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) systems
Authors: Cresswell Kathrin , Coleman Jamie , Smith Pam , Swainson Charles , Slee Ann , Sheikh Aziz
Published: July 2016

Background: Electronic systems that facilitate prescribing, administration and dispensing of medicines (ePrescribing systems) are at the heart of international efforts to improve the safety, quality and efficiency of medicine management. Considering the initial costs of procuring and maintaining ePrescribing systems, there is a need to better understand how to accelerate and maximise the financial benefits associated with these systems.Objectives: We sought to investigate how different sectors are approaching the realisation of returns on investment from ePrescribing systems in U.K. hospitals and what lessons can be learned for future developments and implementation strategies within healthcare settings.Methods: We conducted international, multi-disciplinary, round-table discussions with 21 participants from different backgrounds including policy makers, healthcare organisations, academic researchers, vendors and patient representatives. The discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed and then thematically analysed with the qualitative analysis software NVivo10.Results: There was an over-riding concern that realising financial returns from ePrescribing systems was challenging. The underlying reasons included substantial fixed costs of care provision, the difficulties in radically changing the medicines management process and the lack of capacity within NHS hospitals to analyse and exploit the digital data being generated. Any future data strategy should take into account the need to collect and analyse local and national data (i.e. within and across hospitals), setting comparators to measure progress (i.e. baseline measurements) and clear standards guiding data management so that data are comparable across settings.Conclusions: A more coherent national approach to realising financial benefits from ePrescribing systems is needed as implementations progress and the range of tools to collect information will lead to exponential data growth. The move towards more sophisticated closed-loop systems that integrate prescribing, administration and dispensing, as well as increasingly empowered patients accessing their data through portals and portable devices, will accelerate these developments. Meaningful analysis of data will be the key to realise benefits associated with systems.