bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality, fruit retention and ecophysiology of 'Hass' avocado grown at two altitudes in the Andean tropics of Colombia
Authors: Arias-García Juan Sebastián , Ruden Sebastián , Cruz Valentina , Hurtado-Salazar Alejandro , Ceballos-Aguirre Nelson
Published: February 2024

The expansion of 'Hass' avocado areas in the Colombian territory added to the problems associated with production, requires advancing the research efforts in order to elucidate the behavior of avocado in the conditions of the Andean tropics of Colombia. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), ambient temperature, relative humidity and cardinal position of the inflorescences on the retention and final growth of 'Hass' avocado fruits in two contrasting zones of the Andean tropics of Colombia. The study was conducted in two commercial orchards located in different altitudinal zones in the department of Caldas, Colombia, Villamaría at 2,400 m above sea level (m a.s.l.) (5º01'05'' N) classified as a humid cold climate and Aranzazu at 1,900 m a.s.l. (5º18'40'' N) with semi-humid temperate climate. Evaluations were conducted on four five-year-old 'Hass' avocado trees per orchard. Monitoring was carried out on number of inflorescences that developed in each quadrant was determined and that thus learned the effect of PAR, temperature and humidity on floral development and identified the most reproductively successful quadrant of the trees in the two zones. Initial fruit set and fruit retention over time were quantified at each cardinal point of the tree. A completely randomized experimental design and Tukey's comparison of means was used. Significant differences were found PAR incidence, ambient temperature, air humidity, fruit weight and diameter according to cardinal location on the tree and locality, epidermal roughness of the fruit was higher in the lower altitude zone. The location of the different quadrants and the incidence of environmental factors it had an effect in fruit set, the final retention, size and quality of fruit at two different altitude and climatic zones of the Andean tropics of Colombia. The highest fruit retention was obtained at 1,900 m a.s.l. in the northern and western quadrants, while fruit weight and diameter were highest at 2,400 m a.s.l.
Biostimulant activity of humic acids derived from goat manure vermicompost and lignite in relation to their structure and interaction with a PGPR strain under semiarid conditions
Authors: Valero Nelson , Ustates Yeison , Pantoja-Guerra Manuel
Published: February 2024

The use of humified organic matter (HOM)-based plant biostimulants and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has emerged as a promising approach to enhance agricultural productivity in arid and semiarid environments. However, the bioactivity of humic stimulants varies based on their chemical composition, and the synergistic effects of co-applying these biostimulants remain to be fully elucidated. In this research, we investigated the structural and bioactive characteristics of humic acids derived from goat manure vermicompost (HAVC) and lignite coal (HAC). Additionally, we explored the plant growth-promoting effects of each humic acid (HA) in conjunction with the Bacillus mycoides strain BSC25 (Bm) on corn plants in arid conditions. To assess the relationship between structure and bioactivity, we determined the supramolecular composition of the HAs and evaluated their effectiveness through a corn coleoptile elongation test. Subsequently, we conducted biostimulation tests on maize seedlings in a growth chamber and performed a field-based biostimulation test in a semi-arid region. Notably, HACs exhibited coleoptile elongation at lower concentrations (25-50 mg LC) compared to HAVCs, which required higher concentrations (100-200 mg LC) to achieve the same effect. These outcomes correlated with the supramolecular composition of HAs. The bioactivity of HACs was linked to their oxygen content, aromatic and carboxylic groups, whereas HAVCs' bioactivity was associated with their carbohydrate, aliphatic carbon, and hydrogen content. The application of both HAs, together with Bm, resulted in enhanced corn leaf biomass production in the growth chamber and under field conditions. This effect can be attributed to the hormone-like actions of HA and the PGPR activity of Bm. Interestingly, despite foliar application, HAs displayed bioactivity at the root level, as evidenced by increased root biomass in the field. These results indicate a PGPR effect of Bm that remained unaltered with co-application of HAVC. However, the joint application of Bm-HAC and Bm-HAVC reversed the positive effect of Bm on corn production under field conditions. This outcome likely relates to the hormone-like effects of HA and potential additive effects following Bm inoculation.
Heavy metal contamination of vegetables in urban and peri-urban areas. An overview
Authors: Fischer Gerhard , Fischer-García Franz Leonard
Published: February 2024

The growth in urbanization and industrialization is causing an increase in environmental pollution in cities and their surrounding areas. Additionally, the growing urban population requires a greater volume of fresh vegetables. In nature, heavy metals (HM) are widely distributed; when they gradually enter the soil-plant-consumer continuum, they are difficult to remove from the system and accumulate at toxic levels. To gain an overview of this situation, the information in the ScienceDirect database was used in accordance with the PRISMA guide. For this, the keywords “vegetable”, “contamination” and “urban” were used in a first step and, in a second step, the keywords “vegetable” and “heavy metal” were used. The most toxic HM for consumers are Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr and As, as well as essential MP for the plant (Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mo). At excessive concentrations these cause neurological and kidney damage, cancer and other forms of damage to health. Crop contamination can come from the atmosphere, irrigation water, and/or the soil itself, proximity to busy roads, industry, polluted rivers, and excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers that contain HM. Plant poisoning by HM causes a decrease in root growth and biomass of the plant, foliar chlorosis, and other physiological alterations. Leafy vegetables (including aromatic herbs) and solanaceous vegetables accumulate the most HM, while cucurbits and legumes are the least affected. Plants that develop for a longer time accumulate a greater amount of HM. In general, to increase the food safety of urban horticulture, more studies are needed on HM contamination, soil aptitude, risk assessment for ingesting intoxicated vegetables, as well as appropriate instructions for the clean handling of these crops in cities and surrounding areas.
Psychological Reactions of Children to the Situation of Surgical Treatment: a Review of Studies
Authors: Dubinina E.A. , Alekhin A.N.
Published: February 2024

The article presents a review of studies on the psychological reactions of children to a situation of surgical treatment. Surgical treatment is considered as a situation with a high potential for stress, which is due to the variety and high intensity of stress effects which are experienced by the child as new and uncontrolled. Negative psychological responses are observed in children both at the preoperative and postoperative stages. At the preoperative stage, preoperative anxiety is highly prevalent. The risk of its development depends on a complex of factors related to the child themself, his/her environment, as well as the disease, hospital environment, the treatment and the circumstances of hospitalization. Preoperative anxiety is a risk factor for more severe pain symptoms, emotional and behavioral changes in the postoperative period. The article discusses the modern methods for the prevention and correction of preoperative anxiety and postoperative emotional and behavioral changes in children: the presence of parents during the induction of anesthesia, providing information using modern technologies and principles of social learning, distraction and other cognitive and behavioral methods for the correction of the mental state, multimodal methods for harmonizing the emotional state and behavior of children (art therapy, play therapy, clown therapy). The authors come to the conclusion that further research is needed in order to develop algorithms for the psychological support of children in a situation of surgical treatment, taking into account their age, clinical characteristics, the psychological features of the child and his/her parents.
The Use of a PECS-based Electronic Communication Application in Working with Children with Developmental Disabilities. Case Study
Authors: Popova O.A. , Filina N.M. , Shvedovskiy E.F. , Dubovitskaya T.D. , Edigareva V.D.
Published: February 2024

Objectives. The use of alternative and augmented communication in children and adults with developmental disabilities significantly improves the skills necessary for successful social adaptation and learning. The article analyzes the results of using the PECS IV+ tablet communication app in several children with different types of developmental disabilities. Methods. Three children with different types of developmental disabilities (including autism, cognitive impairments etc.) aged 5–6 years took part in this case study. Participants study in the preschool department of the “My Planet” Inclusive Center. To test the effects and effectiveness of using the PECS IV+ application, a multiple-baseline design was used. We analyzed the transition from the analog version of PECS to the tablet application. The dependent variables were the number mands (non-verbal request behavior) and episodes of problem behavior. In addition, we calculated the d-Cohen effect size for each participant. Results. The average number of requests increased in the intervention phase in two out of three participants, medium effect of changes between phases is recorded for all participants. In terms of the number of episodes of problem behavior, a significant decrease was detected in two of the participants. The strong size of the effect of changes in this parameter between phases was revealed in two of the three participants. Conclusion. The study suggests that when using the e-application, the study participants showed reductions in some types of undesirable behaviours, as well as successful requesting skills.
Diagnosis of Depression: Psychometric Examination of the Russian Version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
Authors: Zolotareva A.A.
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Russian version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The participants were 1800 Russians, including 1076 (59.8%) women and 724 (40.2%) men aged 18 to 90 years (M=30.2; SD=14.5). They completed the Russian version of the PHQ-9. The results showed that the Russian PHQ-9 had high internal reliability (α-Cronbach=0.89). The single-factor structure of the Russian PHQ-9, confirmed by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, highlights the factor validity of the adapted questionnaire. Among the Russians surveyed, 34.4% had high depression, from 22.1% to 81.7% of the participants reported various symptoms of depressive disorders. Depressive symptoms were more common in women and younger respondents, with the exception of complaints about sleep problems, which were more common in older respondents. Further psychometric tests of the Russian PHQ-9 should attract objective data and people with diagnosed depressive disorders.
Review of the “Special Psychology” Textbook for Universities in 2 Volumes (Executive Editor V.I. Lubovsky)
Authors: Vachkov I.
Published: February 2024

The article contains a review of the two-volume “Special psychology” textbook, under the executive editorship of V.I. Lubovsky, the outstanding psychologist, Academician of the Russian Academy of Education [1; 2], who celebrates his centenary in 2023. In this book, special psychology appears for the first time in the world educational literature as a holistic and systematically presented scientific field. The book includes previously unpublished materials. The textbook is for university students, but it may be of interest to postgraduate students, researchers, practicing psychologists, teachers, and other professionals working with children and adults with various developmental disabilities. The textbook, in addition to considering general problems of special psychology and the patterns of mental development in dysontogenesis, analyzes in detail the specific features of different variants of impaired development, including children with disorders of the emotionally volitional sphere and behavior, as well as applied problems of special psychology and prospects for this scientific branch.
Trabalhar a madeira, trabalhar o ferro: o ofício de abegão a sul do Tejo durante o século XX
Authors: Cardeira Daniel
Published: February 2024

Os veículos de tração animal e os artífices que os constroem desempenharam um papel significativo até meados do século XX. O carpinteiro de carros, conhecido também como abegão, sobretudo a sul do Tejo, tem como especificidade a conciliação de conhecimentos típicos de dois ofícios diferentes, o de carpinteiro e o de ferreiro.

Pretende-se descrever e caracterizar a oficina, as técnicas e ferramentas utilizadas neste trabalho numa perspetiva diacrónica, partindo da bibliografia produzida quando este ofício tinha uma grande expressão e cruzando essa informação com fontes orais recolhidas junto a artesãos que laboraram na segunda metade do século XX. Dedicamos uma parte do texto àquela que é uma das mais expressivas junções de ambos os ofícios, a construção da roda raiada que, pelas suas características, exige conhecimentos nos modos de trabalhar a madeira e o ferro.
La casa soñada: el ideal doméstico y femenino en la España de los años sesenta y setenta
Authors: Navarro Martín Lucía
Published: February 2024

Este artículo explora la formación del ideal (o los ideales) doméstico y su relación con los ideales femeninos en España durante el periodo final de la dictadura franquista (décadas de los sesenta y setenta del siglo XX). La complejidad de este momento histórico, en el que se están produciendo importantes transformaciones en el país, hacen que el análisis se deba realizar desde distintas fuentes. Por un lado, algunos escritos y organismos franquistas muestran cuál era el ideal oficial de los hogares y el rol en ellos de las mujeres y como este va cambiando a lo largo de la dictadura. Por otro, la entrada de España en las lógicas de la sociedad de consumo de masas a mediados de los años sesenta, hace necesario estudiar el ideal doméstico y femenino desde la publicidad y la perspectiva del consumo. Para ello son una fuente inestimable revistas dirigidas a mujeres como Cocina y Hogar. El contraste de estos ideales con la realidad y las vivencias de las amas de casa de estas décadas es la pieza final para comprender como las mujeres del final del franquismo soñaban su hogar.
Entre el diseño y la pedagogía: el mobiliario escolar en España (1877-1936)
Authors: Martínez Torán Manuel , Esteve Sendra Chele
Published: February 2024

En esta aportación se ha tomado en consideración desde el siguiente marco: (1) el institucional, manifiesta por los estudios realizados por el Museo Pedagógico Nacional, donde tuvieron un papel relevante Pedro de Alcántara (1886) y Manuel Bartolomé Cossío (1913), como director; (2) la pedagógica, con una primera experiencia que se inicia con las Escuelas Modelo y concluye en este tiempo con los Institutos Escuela, pasando por la influencia de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Cossío y Giner de los Ríos); (3) las comerciales, algunas distribuyendo modelos extranjeros, pero en muchos casos con claros exponentes españoles vinculados a maestros y pedagogos, principalmente con el diseño del Museo; y (4) el propio del diseño de mobiliario, que contiene criterios dimensionales, ergonómicos y constructivos, tanto de referentes de fuera como de modelos propios, observados en dos generaciones de sistemas, tratando de dar solución al problema de las mesas-bancos o pupitres del país.
Disaster Resilient Universities: Lessons Learned from University Student Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic Globally
Authors: Thrivikraman Jyothi
Published: February 2024

This paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on higher education, emphasising the shift to remote learning and its consequences on student experiences. The study, conducted through an internet-based survey in seven countries, reveals challenges faced by 1392 university students. Findings include a decline in motivation, concerns about instruction modes, financial stress, technical issues, and increased demand for mental health support. Recommendations for universities involve improving communication, enhancing technology, prioritising mental health, revising educational programs, and providing financial assistance, highlighting the importance of aligning policies with evolving student realities in both short- term disruptions and long-term consequences post-pandemic.
A51: A Study on Improvement of Sensory Integration Disorder in Children Aged 6-7 Years with Fancy Skipping Rope
Authors: Lai Xunzhi , Zeng Ziying
Published: February 2024

Purpose: At present, the number of children with sensory unison disorder continues to rise in our country, which is a kind of disease that mainly happens in the children of the nervous system, so that the young children's physical quality drops, the uncoordinated movement, attention, and poor performance, affecting the normal healthy development. In the face of the disorder, the intervention can be improved by games in PE class and sensory integration training. Methods: In this paper, literature, mathematical statistics, questionnaire, and other research methods were used to test and study the vestibular function, proprioception, tactile defense and learning ability of freshmen. Two classes of experimental group (N=128) and two classes of control group (N=128) were randomly selected. The experimental group carried out the teaching of the first and second level of fancy rope skipping for the public in physical education class, while the control group carried out the routine physical education activities and carried out the exercise experiment intervention for four months, and the data before and after the experiment were compared. Results: 1) After the first and second action intervention of the general public, the experimental group of students improved in the four ability indicators of sensory integration, and the experimental group of students' sensory integration disorder significantly improved (P < 0.01), and compared with ordinary physical education activities, fancy rope skipping has more significant improvement on the transformation of students with sensory integration disorder into normal students. 2) After 16 weeks of fancy rope skipping intervention, the vestibular function and tactile defense of students in the experimental group were significantly improved, which were to improve their balance ability, concentration, and interest in physical fitness. 3) Both the fancy rope skipping, and the routine physical education activities can significantly improve the proprioceptive ability of the tested students, and their muscle control ability is more significantly improved; The coordination of physical quality and balance ability have improved significantly. Conclusion: It is of great significance for the healthy growth of freshmen to classify the symptoms of sensory dysregulation by means of systematic and targeted integrated training of skipping rope, and gradually increase the intensity and frequency of training.
A60: Gait Kinematics Characteristics of the Overweight and Obese Elderly at Different Walking Speeds
Authors: Min Liu
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Gait is associated with falls. Overweight, obesity and falls are prominent problems affecting the healthy life of the elderly in China. The purpose of this study is to measure the gait kinematic parameters of the overweight and obese elderly using BTS SMART DX Motion Capture System, and to analyze the gait characteristics of the overweight and obese elderly when walking with different speeds, so as to provide reference for the prevention of falls in the overweight and obese elderly. Methods: A total of 42 healthy old women (overweight or obese group: N = 20, age = 67.36±6.11 yrs.; normal weight group: N = 22, age = 68.65±4.07 yrs.) were recruited in this study. The kinematic parameters of subjects at constant walking speed (1.05 m/s), fast walking speed (1.41 m/s) and rushed walking speed (1.74 m/s) were measured and analyzed by BTS SMART DX Motion Capture System. Results: Two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA indicated that the within-subjects effects of stride time, double support phase, cadence, stride length, step length, step width, and knee flex-extension in the moment of touching the ground, as well as hip flex-extension, ankle dorsi-plantarflex, knee rotation, and knee ab-adduction in the moment of leaving the ground had significant difference (F = 34.889, p = 0.000; F = 3.963, p = 0.029; F = 91.408, p = 0.000; F = 19.645, p = 0.000; F = 10.183, p = 0.000; F = 4.561, p = 0.015; F = 17.289, p = 0.000; F = 9.367, p = 0.000; F = 8.557, p = 0.001; F = 13.399, p = 0.000; F = 9.971, p = 0.000). The interaction effect of walking speed and body weight on step length was significantly different (F = 3.504, p = 0.037). The between-subjects effect of knee rotation had significant difference (F = 4.197, p = 0.049). Conclusion: The walking speed could significantly affect the spatial-temporal characteristics and the angle of the lower extremity joints of the elderly, especially the spatial position of the gait and the motion of the knee joint. Overweight and obese elderly women have a higher risk of falls in the moment of leaving the ground when rushed walking.
A63: Exercise Improves Appetite and Heart Function in High Fat Drosophila
Authors: Yan Hanhui , Ding Meng , Xu Ping , Peng Tianhang , Zhang Ping , Tian Rui , Zheng Lan
Published: February 2024

Purpose: High-fat diets cause obesity and disease leading to excess appetite and cardiovascular disease. At present, there is literature showing the improvement effect of exercise on obesity and related diseases. To explore more deeply the mechanism of action of exercise on appetite improvement and heart function in high-fat diets, we used fruit fly motility models to reveal this aspect of function. Methods: A total of 300 wild-type W1118 virgin flies that matured within 12 hours were collected. They were randomly divided into 100 animals in the normal diet control group (NFD), 100 in the high-fat diet group (HFD), and 100 in the high-fat diet exercise group (HFD+E). Exercise intervention for 7-day-old fruit flies for 5 consecutive days. An EM-CCD high-speed camera was used to record the heartbeat of fruit flies (video at 130 fps, the 30 s), and HC Image software was used to record the cardiogram data. Semi-Automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis (SOHA) quantifies Heart Rate (HR), Heart Period (HP), Diastolic Intervals (DI), Systolic Intervals (SI), Arrhythmia Index (AI), Diastolic Diameter (DD), Systolic Diameter (SD), Fractional Shortening (FS), and Fibrillations (FL). Fruit fly uptake was measured using the FlyPAD high-throughput Drosophila quantitative feeding system. All fruit flies needed to be fed on normal medium for 5 days first and then transferred to fresh normal medium or the high-fat medium on the 6th day for another 2 days. NFD flies are placed in a constant temperature and humidity incubator (25 °C, 50% humidity, 12 h day and night cycle), HFD flies are housed in incubators at 22-24 °C and 50% relative humidity to make high-fat medium by mixing 30% coconut oil and 70% standard medium. Results: The HFD group had an increase in AI, HR and HP, constant SD, decreased DD, and decreased FS. After exercise, HFD+E group had a decrease in HR, an increase in HP, an improvement in AI, an improvement in DD, and no change in SD. The food intake and sipping frequency of fruit flies in the HFD group were significantly higher than those in the NFD group, and during the same time period, the food intake and number of sipping times in the HFD+E group and the HFD group decreased significantly after exercise. Conclusion: Exercise improved excess appetite and cardiac dysfunction in high-fat diets.
A04: A Pilot Study on the Persistence of Children's Online Sports Games
Authors: Shen Haoye , Wan Xiaozan , Chen Meiyuan , Kang Mengke , Li Hao , Yuan Yiang
Published: February 2024

Purpose: In the post-epidemic era, children's physical activity has decreased sharply, and smart sports at home have gradually emerged, making online sports games an important path for children's sports participation. This pilot study was to explore the persistence of children's online sports game participation through exercise frequency recording and provided guidance for online sports game intervention programs. Methods: A total of 29 primary school children were enrolled, including 24 boys and 5 girls. Participants exercise autonomously through motion software. In this study, the movement of each participant was recorded through the background of the software system and exported to Excel. Two-week period was used as one stage and a total of six stages were analyzed. After preliminary collation of the data, one-way ANOVA using SPSS23.0 was performed. Results: By analyzing the motion records of the 12 weeks of online exercise, overall trend of the first five stages is linear decreasing, and the trend of the fifth and sixth stages is flat; There was no significant difference between the first stage and the fourth stage (p > 0.05). The first and fifth and sixth stages showed that the differences (p < 0.01). The difference between the second and sixth stages was significant (p < 0.05), and the difference between the second and fifth phases was very significant (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Online sports games have a certain attraction to children, ensuring the frequency of children's early sports participation, but this attraction is difficult to last for a long time. Children's interest in sports will decline to varying degrees with time. It is recommended to further improve and stabilize the persistence of children's participation by formulating external behavioral intervention strategies and adjusting internal intervention programs.
A70: An Experimental Study of Sports VR Equipment on Cultivating High School Students' Interest in Sports
Authors: Rui Zhang
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The incorporation of VR virtual teaching has garnered significant attention, with its applications spanning various disciplines and fields. Notably, in the realm of physical education, VR integration has not only contributed to the enhancement of instructional effectiveness but has also played a pivotal role in fostering the holistic development and personality growth of students. The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether VR virtual teaching can elevate the interest of high school students in the learning of physical education. Methods: Eighty students in high school were recruited and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (40 students of each gender in each group). The classes were taught for 8 weeks, once a week, and 90 minutes each time. The experimental group was taught by VR virtual teaching and the control group was taught by traditional teaching method. Questionnaires were administered to the experimental group and the control group before and after the teaching experiment to analyze the degree of change in students' interest in physical education. SPSS26.0 software was used for data processing to understand the changes in the experimental group and the control group. Results: There were more significant differences in four sub-dimensions of physical education learning interest in the experimental group compared to the control group (positive interest in physical education learning t=-4.23, P < 0.01; negative interest in physical education learning t=-2.99, P < 0.01; sports participation t=-4.42, P < 0.01; concern for physical education t=-5.03, P < 0.01); independent and inquiry learning t=-2.06, P < 0.05). The overall significant change in interest in physical education learning (t interest in physical education learning=-4.98, P < 0.01). The difference between the experimental group and the control group in the pre-test of physical education learning interest was not significant (t=0.37, P > 0.05), and the difference between the experimental group and the control group in the post-test of physical education learning interest was significant (t=2.13, P < 0.05). The results indicated that the experimental group had a significantly better effect than the control group in improving physical education learning interest under VR virtual teaching. Conclusion: VR virtual instruction was effective in improving high school students' attitude towards physical education including positive interest in physical education, negative interest in physical education, sports participation, and concern for physical education.
A79: Epidemiology of Athletic Injuries in China College Rock Climbing Athlete
Authors: Tian Bingbing , Gu Dehong
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Originating from mountaineering, rock climbing has encountered fresh opportunities for growth since its inclusion in the Olympics, and there is a growing awareness of the associated injury risks. Methods: Using questionnaire survey and mathematical statistics methods, this paper studied the epidemiological characteristics of sports injuries among Chinese college rock-climbing athletes by 6 Chinese university rock-climbing teams. Results: The incidence of sports injury was as high as 87.10%, and the annual incidence of injury was 3.39 times/year. The number of injuries was mainly 1 time (43.55%), and the number of injuries was less in 4 (8.06%;) or 5 times (1.61%). A total of 105 injuries occurred, involving 107 body parts. Finger injuries were the most frequent, 30 times (28.04%), and followed by knee joint 12 times (11.21%). The most common injuries were abrasions (39.25%) followed by strains (26.17%) and impact injuries (13.08%). The incidence of acute injury was much higher than that of chronic injury, with 73 acute injuries (69.52%) and 32 chronic injuries (30.48%). UIAA1 injury was the most, 93 times (88.57%), followed by UIAA2 injury 10 times (9.52%). UIAA3 injury was once (0.95%). The most injuries occurred during training with 88 times (83.81%), followed by 11 times in competition (10.48%) and 6 times in other times (5.71%). Rock climbing events had the most injuries with 53 times (50.48%), followed by 32 times (30.48%), speed 15 times (14.29%) and other 5 times (4.76%). The factors influencing the occurrence of injury include risk factors and inducing events. The most important risk factors were the awareness of injury protection (P < 0.05), sufficient preparation activities (P < 0.05), wearing professional climbing shoes (P < 0.05), and qualified protectors (P < 0.05). Insufficient warm-up (n=41; 26.28%), the athlete's own technical movement error (n=35; 22.44%), excessive exercise load (n=25; 16.03%) were the most major injury-inducing event. Conclusion: Chinese college rock climbers face a high incidence of injuries, affecting various body sites and manifesting in numerous injury types. The injuries tend to be of a relatively mild degree, and the risk factors are complex and variable. It is crucial for the Chinese community to approach rock climbing injuries with reason, diligently avoid associated risk factors, enhance support for rock climbing injury research, and foster the healthy and rapid development of rock climbing among Chinese college students.
A115: Revision of the Chinese Version of Physical Self-Description Questionnaire-Short for Middle School Students
Authors: Wang Ruijin , Yang Xiaoling , Ji Liu
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The Physical Self-Description Questionnaire -Short (PSDQ-S) is one of the world's recognized effective
tools for measuring Physical Self-Concept (PSC). However, Latent profile analysis of the physical self-description among Chinese
adolescents only supported the 3-dimensional model of PSDQ-S, that is, it could only distinguish the Physical Activity (PA), Appearance,
and Body Fat of Chinese children and adolescents, but could not effectively distinguish the 8 dimensions of Coordination, Flexibility,
Strength, Endurance, Sport, Global Physical, Health, and Global Esteem. It cannot meet the needs of PSC measurement in the field of
sports psychology in China. The purpose of this study was to revise the PSDQ-S for Chinese middle school students, and to test its
reliability, validity, and gender measurement equivalence in Chinese middle school students. Methods: A stratified
random cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on the Chinese version of PSDQ-S. 2505 middle school
students in grades 7-12 (12-18 years old) were selected from seven administrative geographic regions of North China, Northeast
China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest and Northwest China, among which 1239 were male subjects, with an
average age of (15.07±1.93) years, Female subjects were 1266, with an average age of (15.02±2.04) years. SPSS 24.0 and Mplus
8.3 were used for data analysis. Results: Eight common factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis,
and the cumulative variance interpretation rate was 79.45%. Confirmatory factor analysis support 8 factor model hypothesis
(χ2 / df = 1.846, CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.929, SRMR = 0.050, RMSEA = 0.061). The 8 dimensions were Physical Activity,
Appearance, Body Fat, Flexibility & Coordination, Endurance, Sport, Global Physical and Health. The average variance
extraction of each factor of the Chinese version PSDQ-S convergence validity index was greater than 0.50, and the combination
reliability was greater than 0.60. The gender equivalence hypothesis was established. Conclusions: The revised
Chinese version of PSDQ-S has good reliability, validity, and gender equivalence. It can be used as a measurement tool of PSC
of Chinese middle school students.
A127: Difficulties Facing and Coping Strategies of Physical Education and Health Interdisciplinary Teaching in China
Authors: Yang Jie , Xu Liping , Yin Zhihua
Published: February 2024

Purpose: In response to the national demand for compound talents, “Physical Education (PE) and Health Curriculum (2022 version) for Compulsory Education” proposes to include interdisciplinary teaching in five major courses in China. Due to the lack of course cases for reference, there’s a certain gap between interdisciplinary theory and practice. Therefore, it’s urgent to analyze the difficulties faced by interdisciplinary teaching and find out the coping strategies. Methods: By using keywords such as "interdisciplinary teaching," "PE and health curriculum," and "interdisciplinary," this study collected and studied 39 articles from CNKI, Web of Science, Scopus, and other databases, and analyzed the development process, problems, and countermeasures of interdisciplinary teaching in various countries. Results: Analyses revealed difficulties of implementing interdisciplinary teaching, including (1) unbalanced instructional materials and resources, (2) teachers’ lack of understanding of theory and practice regarding interdisciplinary teaching, (3) overlapped curriculum content, (4) lack of real integration in the classroom, and (5) lack of scientific evaluations. Coping strategies were: (1) Cooperation between internal and external organizations responsible for resource supply, (2) Carry out pre-service and in-service teachers’ training, (3) modifications of PE Curriculum, and (4) establish an evaluation system. Conclusion: To promote interdisciplinary teaching in physical education and health in the future, schools are recommended to cooperate with external institutions and universities to explore the theoretical basis and internal logic of thematic learning design of interdisciplinary projects. Also, schools may build a solid learning community for PE teachers, innovate PE curriculum models, share instructional examples, and create evaluation mechanisms to solve current problems.
A132: The Impact of Baby Swimming on Motor Development of Toddlers
Authors: Gu Jiayu , Wen Yuhong
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Infancy and early childhood are important stages of basic motor skills formation. Baby swimming provides a unique opportunity for toddlers aged 2–3 to develop motor skills. The literature documents that baby swimming can promote physical growth in toddlers, but how it affects motor development remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to address this gap. Methods: Using interviews, field investigations, assessment tools, this study was conducted in two stages. Stage 1 focused on the instructional information about baby swimming courses, and Stage 2 examined the difference in body indices and motor competencies between two groups of toddlers recruited through convenient sampling. The experiment group included 28 toddlers enrolled in a baby swimming course, while 28 in the control group did not participate in any sports. Motor competencies were assessed using the Peabody Sports Development Scale, including gross motor, fine motor, and overall motor development. T test and Mann Whitney U nonparametric test were used to compare the two sets of data. Results: Stage 1 of the study found: Baby swimming courses for 2-3 years old toddlers focused on safe adaptation in water, mainly developing gross muscle movements and then fine movements. Courses were taught in small classes, with each lasting 35-40 minutes. Stage 2 findings included: (1) The experiment group had no significant different body shape but were higher in height and longer in arm span than the control group. (2) The experiment group differed from the control group in terms of overall motor development and gross motor, but not fine motor. Conclusion: In baby swimming institutions, water safety is the main learning objective for toddlers. The courses had no obvious effect on promoting physical growth development of toddlers aged 2-3. Baby swimming promoted toddlers’ gross muscle movements, especially their body control and coordination. However, it did not have significant positive effects on fine motor development in this age group.
A135: Challenges and Strategies of Physical Fitness Course in Primary and Middle Schools
Authors: Lian Yuxiao , Liu Haohui , Yin Zhihua
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Developing students’ overall competencies and physical health is an important goal of physical education and health curriculum (PEHC). PEHC Standards for Compulsory Education (2022) and PEHC Standards for Senior High Schools (2017) both designate Physical Fitness as a required course to achieve this goal. To date, it’s not clear about how the course has been implemented and its effectiveness. Therefore, this study was to identify problems associated with teaching Physical Fitness courses in primary and middle schools in China and to propose strategies for an improved implementation. Methods: First, the literature from CNKI, East China Normal University Library was extensively collected and analyzed. Second, to learn about the current status of Physical Fitness teaching in the primary and middle schools, experts in physical education and Physical Fitness teaching were interviewed. Results: The problems of Physical Fitness teaching in some primary and middle schools are as follows: (1) the course only focuses on the development of students’ motor abilities, ignoring healthy behavior and sportsmanship; (2) the course only contains skill explanation and demonstration, failing to teach principles, knowledge and methods of physical fitness development; (3) some Physical Fitness courses lack scientific and systematic implementation; (4) a number of physical education teachers lack the knowledges and abilities to teach the course; and (5) limited instructional resources, including lack of textbooks, for teachers to prepare lessons. Conclusion: To solve the problems identified above, we propose the following strategies: (1) The Physical Fitness course should focus on developing students’ overall competencies; (2) teachers include explanations of general principles, knowledge and methods for physical fitness development; (3) develop scientific and systematic Physical Fitness course content and methods; (4) increase physical education teachers’ knowledge and abilities of teaching Physical Fitness course; and (5) write textbooks suitable for the Physical Fitness course in the primary and middle schools.
A143: Influence of Sports Participation on Females’ Health in the Cold Cities of Northeast China
Authors: Zuo Chenxu
Published: February 2024

Purpose: People living in the northeastern, cold region of China have been enduring a severe climate. It’s well known that sports participation can promote health. However, there is a lack of research on sports participation among urban females in cold areas of China. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of sports participation on urban females’ health in northeastern China. Methods: A total of 305 urban females (aged 39 years) from Harbin completed an online survey, which asks about demographic information, health status, and sports participation. Health status was assessed by measuring three dimensions of health-related indicators (BMI, chronic illness, and healthcare utilization) and six dimensions of health-related behaviors (participation, years, exercise times, intensity, duration of exercise and organization). Results: Results showed that 41.6% of the participants had a sedentary lifestyle, 65.8% had participated in physical activity, and 68.3% worked out in summer and stopped participation in winter. There was a significant correlation between the health status and chronic illness (r = -0.32), participation (r = 0.49), exercise times (r = 0.32), intensity (r = 0.32), years (r = 0.37), and organization (r = 0.49). Multiple regression revealed that all the significantly corrected variables predicted health status, βchronic illness = -0.17, βparticipation = 0.52, βexercise time = 0.22, βexercise intensity = 0.35, βyears = 0.06, and βorganization = 0.08. Conclusion: Females’ sports participation in the northeastern cities of China is mainly characterized by a lack of physical activity in general and a seasonal participation pattern (being physically inactive in winter). Their chronic illness, participation, exercise times, intensity, years, and organization all had a significant impact on their health status.
A157: The Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Therapy on the Motor Abilities of Patients with Sarcopenia
Authors: Wang Haixia , Hu Mingjie , Wang Guangxin , Zhang Xin-An
Published: February 2024

Purpose: The highly morbid condition known as sarcopenia affects middle-aged and elderly people and is characterized by a progressive loss of whole-body muscle mass accelerated by aging. It is also accompanied by a decline in muscle strength and physiological function. These weakening functions manifest as impaired physical movement, increased risk of falls, disability, lower quality of life, and even death. Sarcopenia is progressively emerging as a new public health issue in China with a quickly aging population, making it vital to investigate effective exercise therapies for sarcopenic patients. Methods: Sixty sarcopenic patients (aged 60-75) from a local hospital in northeast China participated in the study. They were randomly divided into a test group and a control group, with 30 patients in each. The test group underwent a 40-minute whole-body vibration training session for 12 weeks, five times a week, while the control group kept regular routines. Data were collected at the end of the experiment, including muscle strength, muscle mass, muscle function, gait speed, berg balance scale (BBS), five sit-to-stand test (FTSST), activities of daily living (ADL), fall risk assessment scale (FRA), and Sarcopenia Quality of Life Scale (SarQoL) scores. Results: The 12-week whole-body vibration training intervention resulted in a significantly higher value of muscular strength, muscle mass, and muscle function among the test group compared to the control group. The former achieved substantially higher SPPB, ADL, FTSST, and BBS scores than the latter (p < 0.01). With much lower FRA scores and significantly better SarQoL ratings compared to baseline, the test group also significantly outperformed the control group in terms of fall risk and quality of life (p < 0.01). Conclusion: With whole-body vibration training, people with sarcopenia can increase their skeletal muscle strength, considerably enhance their motor function, lower their risk of falls and accidents, and generally improve their quality of life. Whole-body vibration training is worthy of therapeutic use since it is both feasible and practical.
A159: Effects of Social Supports on Chinese Adolescent Perceived Physical Literacy
Authors: Bian Junyi , Cork Benjamin Colin
Published: February 2024

Purpose: Levels of physical activity in children have gradually declined from elementary to high school.
This trend necessitates a greater need of perceived physical literacy (PPL) to achieve a healthy lifestyle. Because social
supports for physical confidence (PC) and understanding (PU) are key to nursing PPL, this study investigated effects of
perceived family support (PFS), perceived physical education support (PPES), and perceived community support (PCS) on PPL
among a group of Chinese adolescents. Methods: The study was based on a retrospective investigation. A
total of 3820 participants completed self-reported questionnaires assessing PFS, PPES, PCS. PPL was assessed by an eight-item
questionnaire consisting of two domains, PC and PU. Two hypothesized models were tested using SEM. Model-A examines effects
of perceived supports on PC with PU as a mediator, and model-B tests effects of perceived supports on PU with PC as the
mediator. To account for their influence on all latent constructs and indicators, both models considered gender, and healthy
status as covariates. Results: Results of both models were significant for the hypothesized paths and
standardized beta coefficients, but the model-A indicated a better fit to the observed data, 2/1392=
2329.51, p < 0.05, CFI = 0.96, RMSEA =0.069, SRMR=0.05 after adjusting for participant’s gender and health status.
Model-A showed that (a) the contributing predicators for PC are PFS, PPES and PCS (β = 0.17, p < 0.01; β =
0.12, p < 0.01; β =0.05, p < 0.01); (b) the direct effect of PU on PC was significant
(β = 0.49, p < 0.01), and (c) PFS, PPES and PCS had significant indirect effects on PC through
PU. Conclusion: according to the literature, improving students’ PPL may provide an alternative solution
to reduced physical activity levels. Based on this study, PPL can be promoted by providing continued family support,
reinforcing pedagogical rigidity in curriculum and instruction, and supplying quality community support.