bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
England and the Machinery of Reason 1780 to 1830
Authors: Ashworth William J.
Published: December 2016

Recent historians, most notably Maxine Berg and Larry Stewart, have highlighted the importance but also ambiguity over the reception of the machine in late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century England. This essay is concerned with a mode of reason developed in studies of machines and human power, and its application within specific spheres during this period. In particular, it focuses on certain sites of manufacture at the vanguard of industry, the machine's role in forging a distinctive view of intelligence, and, lastly, the impact of the machine upon developments within the state's system of prison punishment. For some commentators the machine was a symbol of progress and potential human emancipation, but for numerous others the mechanical heart that lay at the core of enlightenment libertarianism had degenerated into an enslaving project.
"Puffs of Smoke, Puffs of Praise": Reconsidering John Evelyn’s Fumifugium (1661)
Authors: Denton Peter
Published: December 2016

John Evelyn’s Fumifugium; or, The Inconveniencie of the Aer and Smoak of London Dissipated (1661) is an example both of how books considered as objects might illuminate the practice of printing in seventeenth-century England, and of how the initial significance of a book’s content can be misjudged when its status as a manufactured object is overlooked. An examination of the printing context of Fumifugium reveals that it was written and printed on the heels of the Restoration to gain favour with King Charles II and, while that purpose seemed to have been realized, its contents were less significant even at the time than a puff of the London smoke Evelyn wanted to dissipate. Only much later (and outside of its intended context of the court of Charles II) has this piece been lauded for what Evelyn actually said in it about the nature of air and its pollution.
Postpositivist Interpretations of the Chemical Revolution
Authors: McEvoy John
Published: December 2016

Expressing the growing interest of historians of science in “the history of science as history,” this study offers a critical account of recent developments in the historiography of the Chemical Revolution. It explores the philosophical and historiographical dimensions of the “postpositivist” (or “theoreticist”) interpretations of the Chemical Revolution, which displaced the positivist-whig historiographical hegemony in the 1960s and 1970s, only to be challenged by the sociology of knowledge in the 1980s and 1990s. Despite its brief ascendancy in the pantheon of interpretive styles, postpositivism had a profound influence on the historiography of the Chemical Revolution, and this study will enable us to better appreciate its complex, variegated, and important results. Besides providing future specialists in the field with useful information, this study is designed to solicit the interest and input of more general historians in the history of science.
From Law Student to Einsatzgruppe Commander: The Career of a Gestapo Officer
Authors: Stokes Lawrence D.
Published: December 2016

This article presents the biography of a leading officer in the Nazi secret political police, the Gestapo. It reconstructs the life of Heinz Seetzen from his birth in a northern German middle class family, through his education in the law, to his career as an enforcer of Hitler’s dictatorship at the head of several Gestapo offices across Germany, and as the commander of a mobile execution squad (part of a so-called “Einsatzgruppe”) in the occupied Soviet Union, until he committed suicide in 1945 when arrested for his role in the murder of fifty Allied airmen following the “Great Escape.” The goal of the study is to show how a legally trained university graduate became acculturated to the perpetration of genocide in fulfillment of Nazism’s racist ideology. How representative was Seetzen of such killers? To what extent was he also motivated by opportunism and ambition? Should he be classified as an “ordinary German’’ or as a “true Nazi” in light of the crimes he committed?
The Interplay between DNA Topology and Accessory Factors in Site-Specific Recombination in Bacteria and their Bacteriophages
Authors: Dorman Charles J. , Bogue Marina M.
Published: December 2016

Site-specific recombination is employed widely in bacteria and bacteriophage as a basis for genetic switching events that control phenotypic variation. It plays a vital role in the life cycles of phages and in the replication cycles of chromosomes and plasmids in bacteria. Site-specific recombinases drive these processes using very short segments of identical (or nearly identical) DNA sequences. In some cases, the efficiencies of the recombination reactions are modulated by the topological state of the participating DNA sequences and by the availability of accessory proteins that shape the DNA. These dependencies link the molecular machines that conduct the recombination reactions to the physiological state of the cell. This is because the topological state of bacterial DNA varies constantly during the growth cycle and so does the availability of the accessory factors. In addition, some accessory factors are under allosteric control by metabolic products or second messengers that report the physiological status of the cell. The interplay between DNA topology, accessory factors and site-specific recombination provides a powerful illustration of the connectedness and integration of molecular events in bacterial cells and in viruses that parasitise bacterial cells.
Stone Cairns and Material Culture of the Middle to Late Holocene, Lake Turkana
Authors: Wright David K. , Grillo Katherine M. , Soper Robert
Published: December 2016

A recent archival research project in the National Museums of Kenya (NMK) identified artifacts and human remains associated with the 1980 excavation of stone cairns and habitation areas on the west side of Lake Turkana. The presence of stone grave cairns across eastern Africa is common, but their cultural origins and construction times are enigmatic. This article presents the results of the archival project and contextualizes both the artifacts found and the unpublished research notes within the framework of evolving settlement patterns in eastern Africa during the middle to late Holocene. Despite the presence of numerous decorative features on ceramics and the recovery of many complete lithic tools, the material culture is generally non-diagnostic within existing typo-technological categories. The research indicates that there was tremendous diversity in the material culture of the Turkana Basin during the late Holocene.
Decrease of Amyloid-β Levels by Curcumin Derivative via Modulation of Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Trafficking
Authors: Kotani Rina , Urano Yasuomi , Sugimoto Hachiro , Noguchi Noriko
Published: December 2016

The abnormal production and deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides is a pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. Aβ is generated from amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) by two sequential proteolytic cleavage steps involving β- and γ-secretases in the trans-Golgi network and endosomes. Since direct inhibition of secretase could induce undesirable side-effects due to inadvertent inhibition of unrelated secretase substrates, it is important to establish methods for inhibiting Aβ production that do not affect secretase activity. It has been suggested that curcumin may have potent anti-amyloidogenic effect. In the present study, we evaluate the effect of curcumin derivatives on Aβ production in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in CHO cells which stably express human AβPP (CHO-AβPP). We found that the curcumin derivative CU6 was more effective than curcumin itself in reducing Aβ secretion. We further found that in SH-SY5Y cells CU6 inhibited neither β- nor γ-secretase activity, and that increased amounts of immature forms of AβPP accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We also found that CU6 induced expression of the ER chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and enhanced formation of the AβPP/GRP78 complex. These results suggest that CU6 downregulates intracellular AβPP trafficking, resulting in suppression of Aβ production independently of secretase activity.
Dominant Channel Occupancy for Wi-Fi Backscatter Uplink in Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Kwon Jung-Hyok , Lee Hwi-Ho , Lim Yongseok , Kim Eui-Jik
Published: December 2016

This paper presents a dominant channel occupancy (DCO) mechanism for the Wi-Fi backscatter uplink in the industrial Internet of things (IIoT). The DCO provides high-priority channel access and reliable burst transmission to the Wi-Fi backscatter devices, thereby enabling the Wi-Fi backscatter tag to deliver its tag information to the Wi-Fi reader without interference from neighboring legacy Wi-Fi devices to guarantee the timeliness and reliability of the IIoT system. For the former, we consider three types of medium access control (MAC) configurations: “carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) starting with short inter-frame space (SIFS)”, “freezing of the backoff period”, and “reduced CWmin.” In addition, the DCO uses the SIFS between burst packets to guarantee reliable burst transmission. To verify the effectiveness of DCO and determine a proper value for MAC parameters, we conduct experimental simulations under IEEE 802.11n PHY/MAC environments. The simulation results show that the reduced CWmin has the most significant effect on the channel occupancy. The Wi-Fi backscatter devices achieve much higher throughput than the separate cases when two or more configurations are used simultaneously. Moreover, the results exhibit that the use of SIFS between consecutive packets supports reliable burst transmission regardless of the transmission of the legacy Wi-Fi devices in the vicinity.
Recent Breakthroughs in the Conversion of Ethanol to Butadiene
Authors: Pomalaza Guillaume , Capron Mickaël , Ordomsky Vitaly , Dumeignil Franck
Published: December 2016

1,3-Butadiene is traditionally produced as a byproduct of ethylene production from steam crackers. What is unusual is that the alternative production route for this important commodity chemical via ethanol was developed a long time ago, before World War II. Currently, there is a renewed interest in the production of butadiene from biomass due to the general trend to replace oil in the chemical industry. This review describes the recent progress in the production of butadiene from ethanol (ETB) by one or two-step process through intermediate production of acetaldehyde with an emphasis on the new catalytic systems. The different catalysts for butadiene production are compared in terms of structure-catalytic performance relationship, highlighting the key issues and requirements for future developments. The main difficulty in this process is that basic, acid and redox properties have to be combined in one single catalyst for the reactions of condensation, dehydration and hydrogenation. Magnesium and zirconium-based catalysts in the form of oxides or recently proposed silicates and zeolites promoted by metals are prevailing for butadiene synthesis with the highest selectivity of 70% at high ethanol conversion. The major challenge for further application of the process is to increase the butadiene productivity and to enhance the catalyst lifetime by suppression of coke deposition with preservation of active sites.
The Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Glucose Homeostasis and the Expression of Genes Related to Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Jablonska Ewa , Reszka Edyta , Gromadzinska Jolanta , Wieczorek Edyta , Krol Magdalena , Raimondi Sara , Socha Katarzyna , Borawska Maria , Wasowicz Wojciech
Published: December 2016

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of selenium supplementation on the expression of genes associated with glucose metabolism in humans, in order to explain the unclear relationship between selenium and the risk of diabetes. For gene expression analysis we used archival samples of cDNA from 76 non-diabetic subjects supplemented with selenium in the previous study. The supplementation period was six weeks and the daily dose of selenium was 200 µg (as selenium yeast). Blood for mRNA isolation was collected at four time points: before supplementation, after two and four weeks of supplementation, and after four weeks of washout. The analysis included 15 genes encoding selected proteins involved in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. In addition, HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose were measured at three and four time points, respectively. Selenium supplementation was associated with a significantly decreased level of HbA1c but not fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and significant down-regulation of seven genes: INSR, ADIPOR1, LDHA, PDHA, PDHB, MYC, and HIF1AN. These results suggest that selenium may affect glycemic control at different levels of regulation, linked to insulin signaling, glycolysis, and pyruvate metabolism. Further research is needed to investigate mechanisms of such transcriptional regulation and its potential implication in direct metabolic effects.
Wind Resource Assessment for High-Rise BIWT Using RS-NWP-CFD
Authors: Kim Hyun-Goo , Jeon Wan-Ho , Kim Dong-Hyeok
Published: December 2016

In this paper, a new wind resource assessment procedure for building-integrated wind turbines (BIWTs) is proposed. The objective is to integrate wind turbines at a 555 m high-rise building to be constructed at the center of Seoul, Korea. Wind resource assessment at a high altitude was performed using ground-based remote sensing (RS); numerical weather prediction (NWP) modeling that includes an urban canopy model was evaluated using the remote sensing measurements. Given the high correlation between the model and the measurements, we use the model to produce a long-term wind climate by correlating the model results with the measurements for the short period of the campaign. The wind flow over the high-rise building was simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The wind resource in Seoul—one of the metropolitan cities located inland and populated by a large number of skyscrapers—was very poor, which results in a wind turbine capacity factor of only 7%. A new standard procedure combining RS, NWP, and CFD is proposed for feasibility studies on high-rise BIWTs in the future.
A New Continuous Rotation IMU Alignment Algorithm Based on Stochastic Modeling for Cost Effective North-Finding Applications
Authors: Li Yun , Wu Wenqi , Jiang Qingan , Wang Jinling
Published: December 2016

Based on stochastic modeling of Coriolis vibration gyros by the Allan variance technique, this paper discusses Angle Random Walk (ARW), Rate Random Walk (RRW) and Markov process gyroscope noises which have significant impacts on the North-finding accuracy. A new continuous rotation alignment algorithm for a Coriolis vibration gyroscope Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) is proposed in this paper, in which the extended observation equations are used for the Kalman filter to enhance the estimation of gyro drift errors, thus improving the north-finding accuracy. Theoretical and numerical comparisons between the proposed algorithm and the traditional ones are presented. The experimental results show that the new continuous rotation alignment algorithm using the extended observation equations in the Kalman filter is more efficient than the traditional two-position alignment method. Using Coriolis vibration gyros with bias instability of 0.1°/h, a north-finding accuracy of 0.1° (1σ) is achieved by the new continuous rotation alignment algorithm, compared with 0.6° (1σ) north-finding accuracy for the two-position alignment and 1° (1σ) for the fixed-position alignment.
A Small Leak Detection Method Based on VMD Adaptive De-Noising and Ambiguity Correlation Classification Intended for Natural Gas Pipelines
Authors: Xiao Qiyang , Li Jian , Bai Zhiliang , Sun Jiedi , Zhou Nan , Zeng Zhoumo
Published: December 2016

In this study, a small leak detection method based on variational mode decomposition (VMD) and ambiguity correlation classification (ACC) is proposed. The signals acquired from sensors were decomposed using the VMD, and numerous components were obtained. According to the probability density function (PDF), an adaptive de-noising algorithm based on VMD is proposed for noise component processing and de-noised components reconstruction. Furthermore, the ambiguity function image was employed for analysis of the reconstructed signals. Based on the correlation coefficient, ACC is proposed to detect the small leak of pipeline. The analysis of pipeline leakage signals, using 1 mm and 2 mm leaks, has shown that proposed detection method can detect a small leak accurately and effectively. Moreover, the experimental results have shown that the proposed method achieved better performances than support vector machine (SVM) and back propagation neural network (BP) methods.
Detecting Target Objects by Natural Language Instructions Using an RGB-D Camera
Authors: Bao Jiatong , Jia Yunyi , Cheng Yu , Tang Hongru , Xi Ning
Published: December 2016

Controlling robots by natural language (NL) is increasingly attracting attention for its versatility, convenience and no need of extensive training for users. Grounding is a crucial challenge of this problem to enable robots to understand NL instructions from humans. This paper mainly explores the object grounding problem and concretely studies how to detect target objects by the NL instructions using an RGB-D camera in robotic manipulation applications. In particular, a simple yet robust vision algorithm is applied to segment objects of interest. With the metric information of all segmented objects, the object attributes and relations between objects are further extracted. The NL instructions that incorporate multiple cues for object specifications are parsed into domain-specific annotations. The annotations from NL and extracted information from the RGB-D camera are matched in a computational state estimation framework to search all possible object grounding states. The final grounding is accomplished by selecting the states which have the maximum probabilities. An RGB-D scene dataset associated with different groups of NL instructions based on different cognition levels of the robot are collected. Quantitative evaluations on the dataset illustrate the advantages of the proposed method. The experiments of NL controlled object manipulation and NL-based task programming using a mobile manipulator show its effectiveness and practicability in robotic applications.
Assessing the Challenges in Successful Implementation and Adoption of Crop Insurance in Thailand
Authors: Sinha Shweta , Tripathi Nitin
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this paper is to assess the gaps in the adoption of crop insurance in Thailand and suggest possible solutions relating to policy support and framework, implementation mechanisms, technology adoption, and awareness amongst farmers. The methodology includes a literature review, interaction with officials, rice experts and insurance experts, and discussion with farmers. A study was undertaken at province level to assess the impact of using rainfall index as a threshold. Additionally, focused group discussions (FGD) were conducted with rice farmers at the village level. Key issues targeted in the FGD were to understand the behavior and practices during droughts, impact of drought on crop yield, methods already in use to reduce the impact, such as plantation of drought-resistant rice, and the adoption of crop insurance. Data availability is a challenge and has led to withdrawal of Weather Index Insurance (WII) in 2015. WII have threshold levels based on historical rainfall. Adoption of coping mechanisms, such as drought-resistant rice and irrigation increases the chances of adverse selection. In absence of ground based weather data, a combination of satellite agriculture drought information can be used to make crop insurance more attractive as it would help in reducing basis risk and improving insurers and farmers’ confidence in the product. Discussion with farmers, insurance companies, and the Bank of Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives (BAAC) in Thailand suggested low awareness among farmers about the potential benefits of weather index insurance products. Relatively low compensation is also an obstacle. Proper marketing and awareness raising campaigns should also accompany the introduction of index-based insurance products.
The Use of an Orographic Precipitation Model to Assess the Precipitation Spatial Distribution in Lake Kinneret Watershed
Authors: Shamir Eylon , Rimmer Alon , Georgakakos Konstantine
Published: December 2016

A high-resolution 3-D orographic precipitation model (OPM) forced by Climate Forecast System (CFS) reanalysis fields was developed for the Lake Kinneret watershed (Israel-Syria-Lebanon territories). The OPM was tuned to represent the interaction between the advected and stratiform rainfall, and the local orographic enhancement. The OPM evaluation was focused on the densely instrumented lower part of the watershed. To evaluate the ungauged upper-elevation, bias-adjusted precipitation estimates from the Global-Hydro-Estimator were used. The OPM simulates higher rainfall amounts in the upper-elevation watershed compared to currently used rainfall estimates from an elevation dependent regression. The larger differences are during rain events with southwesterly wind flow and high moisture flux. These conditions, according to the OPM, are conducive to enhanced orographic lifting in the Hermon Mountain. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the higher wind speeds for southwesterly–northwesterly trajectories generate significant orographic lifting and increase the precipitation differences between the lower and upper elevations.
Le regard d’Actéon
Authors: Fernandez Uriel Pilar
Published: December 2016

Ceci est une analyse du mythe d’Actéon depuis des perspectives différentes : sources littéraires, iconographie et interprétation, en partant de l’art grec et romain ainsi que des différentes versions à travers les artistes de tous les temps jusqu’à nos jours. Finalement, nous analyserons le symbolisme et le sens du mythe comme punition pour la transgression du tabou de la divinité, voire même son parallélisme avec les mystères dionysiaques et orphiques. Le mythe d’Actéon offre une grande variété d’interprétations, ainsi que le démontre son influence dans l’iconographie et la littérature au long de l’Histoire.
Le pseudo-Xénophon et les délits entraînant l’atimie dans l’Athènes de son temps : pour un retour au texte des manuscrits (Constitution des Athéniens III, 13)
Authors: Lenfant Dominique
Published: December 2016

In its last paragraph (3.13), Pseudo-Xenophon’s Constitution of the Athenians specifies the sorts of offences which lead to disfranchisement (atimia) in Athens. Since the Renaissance, scholars have always corrected the passage, convinced that originally the verbs “ to say” (λέγειν) and “ to do” (πράττειν) were coordinated, as they often were in Ancient Greek. Corrected in this way, the text indicates three offences which can lead to atimia : failing to hold office justly, failing to say what is just, failing to do what is just. However, the two last offences seem rather vague when compared to the first one, making the correction unsatisfactory. Moreover, such a correction is unnecessary, since the uncorrected text has a perfectly consistent meaning : πράττειν is subordinated to λέγειν, and the author only mentions two types of offences, (1) failing to hold office (ἄρχειν) justly, and (2) failing to advise doing what is just when speaking in the ecclesia (μηδὲ λέγειν τὰ δίκαια πράττειν “ not telling to do what is just”). Such a dual sphere of political action is attested elsewhere in the opuscule, and Attic inscriptions of the fifth century BC confirm that magistrates and orators who were judged guilty risked atimia. It would then have been a favoured punishment for offences committed in the exercise of such functions. We may speculate that atimia assumed that role before being partly replaced by other procedures such as eisangelia and graphè paranomôn, but the inconclusive state of extant evidence compels us to leave the question open.
Le motif du médecin tyran de Platon à Galien
Authors: Grimaudo Sabrina
Published: December 2016

En plusieurs points de sa Méthode thérapeutique et à un endroit de son Commentaire aux Épidémies d’Hippocrate, Galien reprend l’image du médecin tyran présentée par Platon dans le célèbre passage des Lois (Leg. IV 719e 8-720e 5) où, pour illustrer le rôle du proème qui devra inciter le citoyen au respect de la loi, il introduit une contre-opposition entre médecin des hommes libres et médecin des esclaves : un chapitre non exploré du platonisme de Galien. La relecture galénique reprend toutefois l’image platonicienne en se référant non plus à la relation médecin-patient, mais aux polémiques entre les différentes écoles de médecine du IIe siècle après J.-C. Elle permet en outre d’affirmer — en harmonie avec une tradition critique consolidée, quoique non univoque — la nature pleinement rationnelle de la persuasion exercée par les proèmes, à laquelle le passage platonicien fait allusion.
Socrate entre païens et chrétiens : procès sans fin ou héritage commun ?
Authors: Bady Guillaume
Published: December 2016

The figure of Socrates was an important issue in the debate between Christians and pagans in late antiquity, as an emblem of Greek culture whose inheritance was claimed on both sides. The “ pagan reaction”, from Celsus to Libanios, symmetrically hardened the judgments of the Church Fathers on the Athenian, whose trial seems to repeat itself endlessly. The Fathers have nevertheless kept a wide spectrum of opinions, for example about his pederasty. In fact, apart from the polemics, Socrates’ huge fortune in philosophical or scholarly corpus, in onomastics as well as in various intellectual Christian trends, and even in iconography, confirms the continuity and almost universal value of the philosopher through times.
Plutarque (Thém. 24) transpose Thucydide (I 136) : de l’harmonie austère au péan delphique. Pragmatique et rythmique de deux modes de composition stylistique
Authors: Minon Sophie
Published: December 2016

Nous tentons dans cet essai de poser les bases d’une méthode d’analyse stylistique pour reconstituer la micro-poétique de la prose littéraire. Les analyses menées ici sur les membres de quelques périodes de Thucydide et sur leur transposition dans la Vie de Thémistocle de Plutarque en offrent les premiers résultats. La façon d’ordonner le verbe et ses arguments à l’intérieur de la période relève pour l’essentiel de la langue et n’est donc pas propre à nos deux auteurs. Elle est cependant sensiblement plus subtile chez Plutarque du fait de la fréquente complexité de sa période, aux membres souvent plus nombreux que chez Thucydide et par surcroît subdivisés en sous-membres ; chez l’un et l’autre, la mise en évidence de clausules et de formules métriques, avec des récurrences sous forme d’échos, voire d’ostinato chez Plutarque, prouve l’importance de la recherche rythmique. L’efficacité pragmatique qui régit la communication régule, certes, la distribution des informations et organise la trame du discours. Mais sa microstructuration relève du style : c’est au niveau des membres et de la période que se jouent saillance expressive et esthétique rythmique, et qu’elles ont partie liée chez Thucydide et bien plus encore chez Plutarque. Il y a alors tout lieu de penser que la «scabreuse asperité » responsable de la difficulté de cet auteur aux yeux de son traducteur Amyot ait à voir avec τὸ τραχύ qui, chez les rhéteurs, définit principalement l’harmonie austère en termes de placements forts et de séparation de mots : la pratique risquée de l’hyperbate réunit en effet Thucydide et Plutarque, mais le sens et la force s’y perdent presque chez ce dernier lorsqu’il la systématise en entrelacs de mots qui débordent parfois d’un membre sur l’autre. C’est notamment à ces moments que la cadence dactylo-trochaïque le cède au rythme hymnique créto-péonique et que celui-ci rehausse le sens jusqu’à prendre le pas sur lui : la prose devient ici poétique. L’harmonie de tels effets apporte la preuve que la composition écrite repose alors sur la profération.
En échange d’une vie : histoire d’ἀντίψυχον
Authors: Perrier-Rousseau Nathalie
Published: December 2016

La forme ἀντίψυχον, traditionnellement traduite par «rançon » , est l’un des termes-clés du texte des 4Maccabées, qui présente le sacrifice de la vie du martyr comme une «expiation » , une «réparation » de péchés antérieurs, mais aussi une mort «à la place » du peuple pécheur. L’étude des contextes précis dans lesquels apparaissent les très rares occurrences de la littérature profane (dans une épigramme milésienne du IIe s. A. C. jusque-là méconnue, et chez Lucien et Dion Cassius) met en évidence un emploi très particulier d’une forme adjectivale ἀντίψυχος, au sein de tournures syntaxiques poétiques qui la placent en équivalence avec le syntagme ἀντὶ ψυχῆς, bien attesté depuis l’époque classique. L’auteur des 4Maccabées, tout en s’inscrivant dans cette tradition littéraire, innove en employant aussi ἀντίψυχον comme un substantif neutre, et dans un autre contexte syntaxique. C’est à la lumière de ces éléments que l’on peut examiner la question très débattue du lien entre le texte des 4Maccabées et celui des Lettres d’Ignace d’Antioche, qui présentent quatre occurrences d’ ἀντίψυχον. En définitive, au-delà de ces différences, il s’agit toujours, pour ἀντίψυχος/ ἀντίψυχον comme pour ἀντὶ ψυχῆς, de l’échange de la vie d’un être humain contre celle d’un autre, ce qui engage à préférer la traduction de «substitut ».
A CANDIDATE PLANETARY-MASS OBJECT WITH A PHOTOEVAPORATING DISK IN ORION
Authors: Fang Min , Kim Jinyoung Serena , Pascucci Ilaria , Apai Dániel , Manara Carlo Felice
Published: December 2016

In this work, we report the discovery of a candidate planetary-mass object with a photoevaporating protoplanetary disk, Proplyd 133-353, which is near the massive star θ
1 Ori C at the center of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). The object was known to have extended emission pointing away from θ
1 Ori C, indicating ongoing external photoevaporation. Our near-infrared spectroscopic data and the location on the H–R diagram suggest that the central source of Proplyd 133-353 is substellar (∼M9.5) and has a mass probably less than 13 Jupiter mass and an age younger than 0.5 Myr. Proplyd 133-353 shows a similar ratio of X-ray luminosity to stellar luminosity to other young stars in the ONC with a similar stellar luminosity and has a similar proper motion to the mean one of confirmed ONC members. We propose that Proplyd 133-353 formed in a very low-mass dusty cloud or an evaporating gas globule near θ
1 Ori C as a second generation of star formation, which can explain both its young age and the presence of its disk.
ENHANCEMENT OF A SUNSPOT LIGHT WALL WITH EXTERNAL DISTURBANCES
Authors: Yang Shuhong , Zhang Jun , Erdélyi Robert
Published: December 2016

Based on the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph observations, we study the response of a solar sunspot light wall to external disturbances. A flare occurrence near the light wall caused material to erupt from the lower solar atmosphere into the corona. Some material falls back to the solar surface and hits the light bridge (i.e., the base of the light wall), then sudden brightenings appear at the wall base followed by the rise of wall top, leading to an increase of the wall height. Once the brightness of the wall base fades, the height of the light wall begins to decrease. Five hours later, another nearby flare takes place, and a bright channel is formed that extends from the flare toward the light bridge. Although no obvious material flow along the bright channel is found, some ejected material is conjectured to reach the light bridge. Subsequently, the wall base brightens and the wall height begins to increase again. Once more, when the brightness of the wall base decays, the wall top fluctuates to lower heights. We suggest, based on the observed cases, that the interaction of falling material and ejected flare material with the light wall results in the brightenings of wall base and causes the height of the light wall to increase. Our results reveal that the light wall can be not only powered by the linkage of p-mode from below the photosphere, but may also be enhanced by external disturbances, such as falling material.
La dénomination des adoptés à la fin de la République romaine, décodification d’ une pratique sociale ?
Authors: Baudry Robinson
Published: December 2016

Les règles de la nomenclature romaine étaient strictement codifiées à l’époque républicaine, notamment celles de la nomenclature adoptive. Elles se seraient assouplies à la fin de cette période, au point que l’on a pu parler de « flexibilité de la nomenclature » des adoptés. Faut-il dès lors parler de décodification d’une pratique sociale ? Cet article se propose tout d’abord de circonscrire ce phénomène, en différenciant la nomenclature et la dénomination. Il apparaît ainsi que si les formes de la nomenclature ont évolué, ce sont surtout les modes d’expression de la dénomination qui ont connu une importante diversification. Ces deux processus doivent être mis en relation avec l’évolution de l’identité familiale des aristocrates.
Faire danser
Authors: Puccio-Den Deborah
Published: December 2016

Résumé Combinant anthropologie et psychanalyse pour éclairer le rapport entre son vécu personnel et ses investissements intellectuels, l’auteur explore la perversion comme une modalité de l’action, individuelle et sociale, qui place le sujet dans une position particulière par rapport à son langage. Trois activités utilisant ce même ressort sont mises en parallèle : l’agir masqué dans les rites du carnaval, le crime mafieux et la danse.
L’ère des « soft wars » : l’exemple Washington-Beijing
Authors: Courmont Barthélemy
Published: December 2016

Depuis quelques années, la recrudescence des conflits et oppositions entre grandes puissances suggère l’imminence d’une confrontation à grande échelle. Le monde serait ainsi à la veille d’un inéluctable conflit majeur. S’appuyant sur les caractéristiques contemporaines de la puissance, le coût de la guerre et ses conséquences, cet article démontre que les conflits entre grandes puissances pourraient avoir totalement disparu, remplacés par des guerres asymétriques et des stratégies d’influence impliquant une multitude de facteurs et d’éléments de soft power , jusqu’à s’imposer comme des soft wars (guerres douces). Loin de signifier la fin de la guerre, elles n’en marquent que la transformation. Il s’agit donc d’une extension du domaine de la lutte qui rend obsolète l’utilisation de la force contre un acteur de puissance égale. La rivalité Beijing-Washington en est sans doute l’exemple le plus significatif.
Vladimir Poutine et l’Amérique latine : partenariat circonstanciel ou alliance durable ?
Authors: Kourliandsky Jean-Jacques
Published: December 2016

Alors que Moscou n’avait pas de relations fortes avec cette région du monde, exception faite de Cuba à l’époque soviétique, ces dernières années ont vu la montée d’un intérêt mutuel entre Russie et Amérique latine. Le voyage effectué par Vladimir Poutine en 2014 dans le « nouveau monde » en a constitué le moment le plus médiatisé et peut-être le point d’orgue. Ce rapprochement est-il appelé à se consolider ou va-t-il rester sans lendemain ? Visites et coopérations ont, en effet, perdu de leur intensité depuis 2015. Au tournant du millénaire, des conjonctures parallèles porteuses de dynamiques convergentes avaient favorisé ce lien inédit. Ce contexte s’est aujourd’hui très largement estompé. La crise économique a réduit la capacité des uns et des autres à affirmer une présence internationale plus forte. Les alternances électorales en Amérique latine ont porté au pouvoir des gouvernements moins ambitieux et pro-occidentaux, alors que la Russie a retrouvé un rôle diplomatique central à la faveur de la crise syrienne.
Effects of Ambulation and Nondependent Transfers on Vital Signs in Patients Receiving Norepinephrine
Authors: Nievera Rosario Arcaya , Fick Ann , Harris Hilary K.
Published: December 2016

Purpose

To assess the safety of mobilizing patients receiving low-dose norepinephrine (0.05 μg/kg per min) by examining mean arterial pressure and heart rate before and after activity with parameters set by the physician.

Background

Norepinephrine is a peripheral vasoconstrictor administered for acute hypotension. During activity, blood flows to the periphery to supply muscles with oxygen, which may oppose the norepinephrine vasoconstriction. The safety of mobilizing patients receiving norepinephrine is unclear.

Methods

Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, norepinephrine dose, and activity performed were extracted retrospectively from charts of 47 cardiothoracic surgery patients during the first patient transfer to chair or ambulation with norepinephrine infusing. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were compared before and after physical therapy (paired t tests). Differences among norepinephrine doses and physical activity levels were evaluated (Kruskal-Wallis test).

Results

Forty-one of the 47 patients (87%) tolerated the activity within safe ranges of vital signs. The change in patients’ mean arterial pressure from before to after activity was not significant (P = .16), but a significant increase in heart rate occurred after activity (P < .001). A Kruskal-Wallis test showed no significant difference in the norepinephrine dose and activity level (χ2 = 6.34, P = .17). No instances of cardiopulmonary or respiratory arrest occurred during any physical therapy sessions.

Conclusions

Infusion of low-dose norepinephrine should not be considered an automatic reason to keep patients on bed rest.
Research in Review: Advancing Critical Care Practice
Authors: Bridges Elizabeth , McNeill Margaret M. , Munro Nancy
Published: December 2016

Research published in 2016 identified strategies to enhance acute and critical care, initiated discussions on professional roles and responsibilities, clarified complex care issues, and led to robust debate. Some of this important work addressed strategies to prevent delirium and pressure ulcers, considerations for pain management within the context of the opioid abuse crisis, strategies to guide fluid resuscitation in patients with sepsis and heart failure, and ways to enhance care for family members of intensive care patients. The new sepsis definitions highlight the importance of detecting and providing care to patients with sepsis outside of critical care areas. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy is an example of the advancement of research in genomics and personalized medicine and of the need to understand the care implications of these therapies. Other research topics include interprofessional collaboration and shared decision-making as well as nurses’ role in family conferences. Resources such as policies related to medical futility and inappropriate care and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses’ healthy work environment standards may inform conversations and provide strategies to address these complex issues.
Occurrences of exotic breccias in the Petitot Islands (85 H/10) and Wilson Island (85 H/15) map-areas, east arm of Great Slave Lake, district of Mackenzie
Authors: Reinhardt E W
Published: December 2016

Three major northeast-trending breccia zones were recognized during 1: 50, 000 scale mapping: the northernmost zone occurs along the south shore of Wilson Island; a central zone follows a narrow channel separating the largest of the Simpson Islands; and a
southern zone lies just north of Preble Island. The fragments comprising the zone are varied but brown stromatolitic dolomite -along with siltstone, subarkosic sandstone, and granite predominate. The sedimentary derivatives resemble the Hornby Channel Formation (Aphebian); the granitic fragments are
identical to Archean granitic gneisses of the area. The megascopic and mic roscopic features of the breccia suggest that the zones consist of networks of overlapping 'breccia pipes' formed largely by upward transport of fragmental material. A speculative interpretation of breccia emplacement is
presented. The driving force for brecciation is assumed to have been obtained from underlying magma and the actual fracturing that formed conduits was propagated through either explosive or hydraulic mechanisms involving fluids probably, gaseous. Gases could have been derived from either magmatic
crystallization or interaction of hot magma and water already enclosed in the strata. Fluidization is cited as one process whereby fragments were transported from depth along pipe-like conduits. Upward movement of large blocks may have been accomplished by a more complex process following
decompression. Economic considerations in relation to breccia pipes are briefly reviewed; possible factors that could have controlled copper sulphide and radioactive mineralization in the East Arm are commented upon. Most breccia zones are characterized by quartz-carbonate veins and stockworks and
these are considered to represent hydrothermal activity associated with breccia emplacement. A similar origin for copper and uranium deposition is suggested, although evidence of significant concentrations of these elements is as yet lacking.
Geological Survey of Canada, Radiocarbon Dates XXIII
Authors: Blake W ,   Geological Survey of Canada
Published: December 2016

This list includes 152 radiocarbon age determinations made by the Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory. They are on 150 geological samples from various areas as follows: Labrador Shelf (7); Labrador (3); Newfoundland (16); Nova Scotia (6); New Brunswick (8); Quebec
(16); Ontario (9); Alberta (17); British Columbia (29); Yukon Territory (2); Northwest Territories, Mainland (29); Northwest Territories, Arctic Archipelago (10). Details of background and standard for the 2 L and 5 L counters during the period from November 3, 1982 to November 2, 1983 are
summarized in Tables 1 and 2; Table 3 gives the number of counts used to determine the average background and standard counting rates; and Table 4 lists the number of different background and standard gas preparations used for counting.
Some Aspects of Lower Mannville Sedimentation in southeastern Alberta
Authors: Banerjee I
Published: December 2016

Subsurface stratigraphy and sedimentology of the Lower Mannville subgroup, consisting of the Deville Formation and two units, the Cut Bank Sandstone and the Ostracode Zone, have been studied in an area extending from Townships 1 to 20 and Ranges 1 to 20 west of
the Fourth meridian, in southeastern Alberta. Paleotopographic contrai of the Cut Bank Sandstone and the nature of the marine transgression during deposition of the Ostracode Zone are the two main aspects of this study. The paleogeological map pattern on the sub-Mannville unconformity surface
indicates the presence of a number of north-trending valleys and possibly also a south-trending one. An isopach "thick" axis of the Cut Bank Sandstone coincides with one of the paleovalleys (Cut Bank Valley) in the Taber area. Most of the paleovalleys, however, are not reflected in the sedimentary
record. The Cut Bank Sandstone, as defined in this study, refers to the entire interval below the Ostracode Zone and above the basal unconformity. lt consists of two facies: 1. a scour-based, crossbedded, gravelly, medium to coarse grained sandstone (channel facies) occurring in linear belts, which
could be paleovalley-fill; and 2. a contorted, bioturbated, fine grained sandstone (bay-lagoon? facies), which occurs in sheets. The facies relationship may indicate a graduai encroachment of the sea from the north and the east over a braidplain during the latter part of the Cut Bank Sandstone
depositional period. The Ostracode Zone records a widespread transgression and, in one well, has yielded a diverse foraminiferal assemblage indicating open marine conditions. ln other wells, the Ostracode Zone-Glauconitic Sandstone interval contains marine fossils (mainly dinotlagellates) and
displays typical progradational sequences of sedimentary structures that record offshore, shoreface, foreshore, and backshore environments. Storm sedimentation units with hummocky cross-stratification (HCS) and graded beds of grave[ occur in these sequences. Data obtained from five measured
cross-sections in the southern Foothills indicate a marine influence during deposition of the Calcareous Member (equivalent to the Ostracode Zone). Age data obtained mostly from palynomorph assemblages indicate a Barremian to Aptian age for the Cut Bank, late Barremian to early Albian for the
Ostracode Zone, and Aptian to Albian for the overlying Glauconitic Sandstone. The Ostracode Zone has been found to be diachronous.
Hajj stampede disaster, 2015: Reflections from the frontlines
Authors: Khan, MBBS, MHA, SBEM, ABHS-EM Anas A. , Noji, MD, MPH, MBA, DTM&H, FACEP, FRCP Eric K.
Published: December 2016

The Hajj is an annual religious mass gathering that takes place in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. The complexity of its system is multidimensional, with religious, political, cultural, security, economic, communication, operational, and logistic unique challenges. This year, yet another stampede tragedy that caused around a 1,000 deaths and severe injuries, capturing worldwide media attention and exacerbating existing political tensions across the Gulf coasts was faced. Planning is important but the planning process is more important, requiring systematic analysis based on accurate collected and targeting root cause factors. Every year, the Hajj provides us with important knowledge and experience that will help preventing such events. This will only be possible if the initiative to extract all possible lessons learned are taken. The medical and public health community in Saudi Arabia must learn from other scientific fields where much more quantitative data-driven approach to identify problems and recommending solutions.