bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing false fall alerts in fall detection using deep learning models
Authors:   , Mishra Rameswari
Published: November 2024

Fall-related injuries pose a significant threat to older adults, with a 50 percent likelihood of mortality within six months if immobilized for over an hour after a fall. Effective fall detection and intervention strategies are imperative, yet distinguishing genuine falls from false alarms presents a challenge. The Center for Eldercare and Rehabilitation Technology at the University of Missouri, Columbia, addressed this challenge by deploying a fall detection system at the TigerPlace senior living facility in 2014. Despite advancements, false alarms persisted. In 2021, a supplementary analysis system utilizing Inception V3 and LSTM networks was introduced to further reduce false alarms. A key component of this system was the use of depth sensors instead of RGB cameras. Depth sensors were chosen primarily for privacy reasons, as they do not capture detailed visual images of individuals, thus minimizing concerns related to personal privacy and ensuring compliance with ethical standards. Despite these improvements, challenges remain due to false alarms triggered by various factors. To address this, the present study employs YOLOv5 for human detection in frames of the depth videos. The study includes preprocessing steps and runs Inception V3 and LSTM networks to verify accuracy and thresholds. The YOLOv5s model is applied to pre-processed videos, as well as the dataset generated after the LSTM model run. The outcomes of the LSTM+YOLOv5s, LSTM results and the YOLOv5s results are compared to evaluate the effectiveness of the LSTM+YOLOv5s model in detecting falls, and the results of the combination reduces the false fall alarms by 11 percent .The training dataset underwent manual annotation, and the resultant model accuracy was manually evaluated to ensure robustness, addressing privacy concerns comprehensively. This strategic approach aims to reduce false alerts and enhance fall detection systems, crucial for the well-being of elderly individuals. Achieving a balance between swift response and minimizing disruptions is essential for comprehensive fall management in aging populations.
The motivations of American public attention to the media coverage of the Russian-Ukrainian war
Authors:   , Alamer Yousef
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] The Russian-Ukraine war presents a significant event to understand the American public's attention to international crises that the US is not directly involved in them. Drawing on Use and Gratification Theory as a theoretical framework, I conducted a survey combined with an experimental condition to explore several internal and external motivations that influenced American public attention to the media coverage of the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine. Data collected in an online survey of 453 college students revealed a positive direct influence of social interaction, political interest, and worry on their media consumption related to that war. In addition, partisanship and identification with Russia showed a negative influence on the attention given to the war news in Ukraine. However, personal connection, view on Russia, beliefs about democracy in Ukraine, and identification with Ukraine showed no relationship with media use related to the war. About the differences in the condition between the peer concern message and the peer non-concern message, participants who received the peer concern message about the implications of the Russian-Ukrainian war reported a higher level of worry and a desire for social interaction linked to the war. The analysis reveals that peer concern-inducing message influence the worry and social interaction associated with the implications of the Russian-Ukrainian war. However, this is not the case with their need to consume more media related to the war. Overall, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of the motivations behind media consumption during the Russo-Ukrainian war. Finally, we discuss some implications of our findings, the limitations of this research, and directions for future research.
The genetic control of carbohydrate partitioning and nodal root growth during water deficit in Zea mays
Authors:   , McCubbin Tyler John
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] The growth and development of all plants, including crops, depends on the coordinated partitioning of carbohydrate resources between photosynthetic source tissues, such as leaves, and heterotrophic sink tissues, such as roots. This process is essential for plant survival, and a major determinant of crop yield. When growing in water-limited conditions, such as a drought, reallocating carbohydrate resources to root systems allows continued root growth in order to reach water deep beneath the soil surface. The work described in this dissertation aims to further describe the genetic control of carbohydrate partitioning in Zea mays through the use of genetic mutants, and to understand the genetics and physiology of maize root growth during water deficit stress. The first chapter describes the anatomy and physiology of phloem tissue and the function of the cell wall in establishing and maintaining long-distance phloem transport. The second chapter describes the maize gene Brittle Stalk2-Like3 (Bk2L3, which encodes a COBRA protein that functions in primary cell wall synthesis. Using two bk2l3 mutants, it is demonstrated that unlike previously described COBRA genes, BK2L3 functions in carbohydrate partitioning between source and sink tissues. The third chapter describes the maize GT14 family of glycosyltransferases, and establishes a role for GT14 family members in sucrose export from mature leaves. I identify three mutants of a GT14 gene that exhibit altered cell wall composition, and an additional mutant of another closely related family member that exhibits similar phenotypes. I propose that GT14 family members function in the modification of cell surface proteins which may be involved in cell wall formation. Chapter four summarizes the mechanisms governing carbon partitioning to root systems and the effect of water deficit stress on root growth. Chapter five builds on these ideas, describing the physiology and transcriptomic response of maize nodal roots experiencing precisely-controlled water deficit stresses using a split chamber growth apparatus. Chapter six summarizes the research findings of this dissertation and presents future research directions.
Intersectional microaggressions : a study of Asian American women journalists at workplace
Authors:   , Setiawati Indah
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] This dissertation identifies the experienced microaggressions against Asian American women journalists. The researcher analyzed three areas of work -- the newsroom, the audience, and the sources -- to describe the complex areas of work that journalists navigate. Guided by the Microaggression Theory, the Psychology of Working Theory, and Intersectionality, this study demonstrates how journalists challenge the outdated stereotypes of Asian American women through in-depth interviews with 17 journalists and 133 units of secondary data. The research contributes to the development of the theories in the specific context of journalism occupation and the practical implementations of how a better understanding of the obstacles that Asian American journalists face might transform the workplace environment.
Emptying the trash can : forgiveness perceptions of urban educators
Authors:   , Thurman Christina Jahnee
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] In education today, teaching is considered one of the most stressful occupations to date. The impact of stress on educators is due to several reasons such as heavy work loads, time constraints, and negative interactions with varying stakeholders, resulting in the mental and physical breakdown that leads to emotional exhaustion and high rates of teacher attrition, averaging within five years of beginning their career. These turnover rates are almost doubled in urban educational settings, as implications of cultural and language barriers, as well as the impact of trauma and/or poverty on negative teacher-student interactions with one another increase the levels of stress that teachers encounter. Conversely, many studies have shown that mindfulness interventions, character strengths, spirituality, self-efficacy, and positive relationship interactions can mitigate the effects of stress on educators and are all found within the concept and intervention of forgiveness. For this reason, I completed a case study through thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews of teachers in an urban middle school located in the heart of Kansas City, Missouri to explore teachers' perceptions and effects of forgiveness within the workplace to mitigate workplace stress. This study confirmed the spaces where urban educators were challenged with inner suffering, how they applied their perception of forgiveness within the school setting, and the effects of internal strengthening these opportunities provided. This dissertation provides insight through themes found within their stories in efforts to expound on possible forgiveness intervention within the urban school setting.
The intersection of perspective and practice : a phenomenographic study on teachers' conceptions of diversity, equity, and inclusion professional development and their culturally responsive classroom practices
Authors:   , Todd Jessica Marie
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] Underpinned by a theoretical framework of experiential andragogy, this phenomenographic study investigates the qualitatively different ways teachers conceptualize the applicability of professional development related to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI PD) and how those conceptualizations relate to teachers' pedagogical practices. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 K-12 public school educators from the greater Kansas City metropolitan region. Participant responses revealed six conceptual categories (or outcome spaces) representing distinct differences in how teachers perceive DEI PD concepts should be applied. These outcome spaces ranged from viewing DEI PD as only performatively or politically applicable to being instructionally applicable for all students. Participants' self-reported classroom practices also fell into six distinct categories that ranged from modifying learning expectations for marginalized student groups to providing responsive individual instruction to all students. The findings reveal that most teachers see DEI PD as being relationally applicable, and most teachers' culturally responsive practices are subsequently relationally focused (sometimes in tandem with but often instead of instructional applications). This study has implications for school leaders that select, design, or deliver teacher PD, particularly that which is DEI-focused and is meant to help teachers close the opportunity gap. These findings indicate that such stakeholders should develop clear intentions and outcomes for DEI PD, and then they should surface and manage teachers' conceptions of such PD content before they engage with the professional learning. The findings further suggest that failing to do so may weaken or nullify intended PD outcomes.
Robust multi-expert learning for biomedical image analysis
Authors:   , Toubal Imad Eddine
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] The increasing complexity and volume of medical imaging data necessitate robust and novel analysis methods to improve diagnostic accuracy and automate biological research processes. While deep learning methods have proven powerful in mainstream computer vision tasks, adapting these techniques to biomedical imaging, particularly in 2D images, video, and 3D volumes, remains challenging. This thesis proposes that multi-expert systems offer a viable solution to enhance the robustness of deep learning in biomedical image analysis. The work is structured around three categories of multi-expert systems: ensemble methods (MExNet, EDNet), composite deep learning frameworks (AVS-Net), and hybrid deep learning systems (Auto-SAM, 3D-LyVeNet). MExNet employs a multi-expert ensemble deep network trained using class-level boosting to improve multi-label disease classification in retinal images, effectively addressing challenges of comorbidities and rare disease classes. EDNet introduces an ensemble approach for 2D cell detection, surpassing traditional singlemodel neural networks in cell tracking and motility analysis. AVS-Net combines fine and coarse segmentation networks to accurately differentiate and quantify arteriole and venule structures, enhancing the automated understanding of microvasculature. 3D-LyVeNet leverages active learning and self-supervised pre-training to tackle the complexity of 3D segmentation of blood and lymphatics vessels, providing a robust solution for multi-channel, multi-class segmentation tasks. Auto-SAM advances the Segment Anything Model by developing an autonomous segmentation mechanism, significantly reducing the need for user interaction in specialized biomedical tasks. The innovations presented in this thesis demonstrate the potential of multi-expert systems to improve the accuracy and robustness of biomedical image analysis. The methodologies developed not only show promise in their primary domain but also hold potential for cross-domain applications, including geospatial analysis, video object segmentation, and facial age estimation. These advancements can guide future research and development toward creating more automated and accurate segmentation solutions in various fields.
Measurement invariance among Latinx and White engineering college students on the planning for career and family scale
Authors:   , Hu Xiaotian
Published: November 2024

[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2025] This study examined the measurement invariance of the Planning for Career and Family scale (PLAN; Ganginis Del Pino et al., 2013), originally developed to assess career and family planning decisions for women college students, across a diverse sample of women and men engineering students. The PLAN scale, initially comprising 24 items, was revised to a 21-item scale following confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) that eliminated three cross-loading items. Subsequent testing of one-factor, two-factor, and bifactor structural models suggested that the bifactor model was the best fit to the data, aligning with existing literature, and thus was used as the baseline model for subsequent measurement invariance testing. We tested the measurement invariance of the 21-item bifactor PLAN model across gender (men, women), ethnicity (Latinx, White), academic years (from first year to senior year), and intersections of gender and ethnicity (Latinx men, Latinx women, White men, White women) using two methods. Results of the two methods revealed mixed results on the levels of invariance, with scalar invariance across academic years supported by one method. Latent mean comparisons indicated significant differences in career and family planning intentions between sophomores and seniors. The findings confirm the PLAN scale's effectiveness across diverse student groups and underscore the importance of further validating its applicability in diverse populations. This study offers insights into shaping educational policies and programs that effectively support diverse career and family planning perspectives among engineering students in higher education.
Causal Relationship of Social Health and Meaning in Life With Suicidal Thoughts in Iranian Adolescents Mediated by Perceived Social Support
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Namazi Yousefi Rezvaneh , Davari Rahim ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran., Jafari Roshan Marjan ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Objective: The present study was conducted to explain the causal relationship between social health and finding meaning in life with suicidal thoughts in adolescents living in welfare organizations by evaluating the mediating role of perceived social support (PSS). Methods: The sample included 320 adolescents covered by Tehran’s State Welfare Organization (SWO), who were selected by multistage cluster sampling and participated in the research. The current study was descriptive and correlational (using structural equation modeling [SEM]). The data were collected using the social health questionnaire, the meaning in life questionnaire (MLQ), and the multidimensional scale of PSS (MSPSS) and were analyzed using SPSS software, version 22 and Amos software, version 24. Results: The direct path coefficient (PC) of social health (β=0.478, P>0.01), finding meaning in life (β=0.311, P>0.01), and PSS (β=0.427, P>0.01) with suicidal thoughts was negative and significant. The indirect path coefficient (PC) between social health (β=0.192, P=0.001) and finding meaning in life (β=0.111, P=0.001) with suicidal thoughts were negative and significant. Conclusion: The structural model of the research was the same in terms of fit with the data of two groups of girls and boys. Adolescents covered by the SWO are more vulnerable to suicide due to their special experiences. The meaning of life and social connections can reduce suicidal thoughts in adolescents and act as protective factors.
The Mediating Role of Health Anxiety in Explaining Personality Dimensions and Death Anxiety in the Elderly
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Zanganeh Gheshlaghi Mahjoubeh , Salehi Mahdieh ,   Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Jafari Roshan Marjan ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Social Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Objective: The elderly are associated with challenges, such as physical diseases, increased health anxiety (HA), and death anxiety (DA). The present study was conducted to develop a causal model of DA in the elderly living in nursing homes based on personality dimensions (PDs) mediated by HA and with the moderating role of gender. Methods: The present research was conducted by correlation method and using path analysis. The statistical population of the research included all elderly living in private nursing homes in Tehran City, Iran in the summer and autumn of 2023, of which, 340 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. During one session and individually, the participants responded to the Templer DA scale (DAS) (1970), the short HA inventory (SHAI), and the HEXACO personality inventory-revised (HEXACO-PI-R). Results: The results showed that the path coefficient (PC) between extraversion (β=-0.054, P=0.001), conscientiousness (β=-0.058, P=0.001), humility (P=0.001, β=-0.248), and emotionality (P=0.001, β=0.152) were significant with DA. The PC of HA (β=0.241, P=0.001) was significant with DA. Indirect PC of extraversion (P=0.001, β=0.054), conscientiousness (β=0.058, P=0.001), humility (P=0.049, β=0.023) and emotionality (P=0.001, β=0.038) were significant with DA. Conclusion: HA mediates the relationship between PDs and DA. The research model was different in terms of fit with the data of two groups of women and men.
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery and Development : Novel Approach
Authors: Ankit Ujjwal
Published: November 2024

The drug discovery and development process is complex, time-consuming, and costly. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology to improve efficiency, accuracy, and innovation in pharmaceutical research. This study explores the applications, benefits, and challenges of integrating AI in drug discovery and development. the role of AI in drug discovery, its transformative impact on pharmaceutical research, and the potential benefits and challenges. Briefly mention the major AI techniques used in different phases of drug discovery and development. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into drug discovery and development is transforming the pharmaceutical industry by speeding up processes, reducing costs, and enhancing precision. This paper discusses the involvement of AI in drug discovery and development. AI has brought a revolution to drug invention and development, significantly reducing costs and accelerating the process. By integrating AI into these stages, drug development has become more efficient, allowing for faster and more cost-effective innovations in the pharmaceutical field.
Türkiye'de Sağlık Kurumlarının Performansının VZA ile Ölçülmesi
Authors: Çeçen Ziya , Akbulut Fevzi
Published: November 2024

Sürekli artan maliyetler ve müşteri beklentileriyle artan sağlık hizmeti talebini karşılamaya çalışan sağlık kurumları maliyetlerini minimize etmenin ve kaynaklarını etkin ve verimli kullanmanın yollarını aramaktadır. Bu sebeple sağlık kurumlarında performans ölçümleri sıklıkla kullanılmaya başlanmış ve performans ölçümlerinin önemi artmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Sağlık Bakanlığı’na bağlı sağlık kurumlarının sağlık göstergelerini kullanarak il bazında etkinliğini belirlemek, etkin sınırda olmayan illerin verimsizliklerinin kaynadığını tespit etmek, atıl kullanımlarını hesaplamak ve etkin illerin süper etkinlik değerlerini saptamaktır. Araştırmada 5 adet girdi ve 5 adet çıktı değişkeni kullanılmış olup ön analiz olarak değişkenlere Spearman korelasyon analizi ve Mahalonobis aykırı değer analizi uygulanmıştır. Ardından VZA yöntemiyle il bazında sağlık hizmetlerinin CCR ve BCC girdiye yönelik modellerle ölçülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda, 2020 Sağlık Bakanlığı Sağlık İstatistikleri Yıllığı’ndan alınan veriler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizi için R Studio paket programlarından yararlanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak analize dahil edilen 73 ilden CCR modeline göre 26 il, BCC modeline göre 33 il etkin olarak tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca etkin illerin süper etkinlik sonuçlarına göre en etkin ilin Bayburt ili olduğu ve Bayburt ilinin girdilerini %135 oranında arttırsa bile halen etkin sınırda yer alabileceği tespit edilmiştir.
МОДИФІКАЦІЯ ZNMN₂O₄ ЙОНАМИ LA: СТРУКТУРНА СТАБІЛЬНІСТЬ ТА ВЛАСТИВОСТІ
Authors: НЕДІЛЬКО Сергій , ІВАНОВ Олексій
Published: November 2024

У статті наведено результати синтезу та всебічного вивчення фізико-хімічних властивостей лантан-заміщених шпінелей зі складом Zn(1-x)LaxMn2O4 (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20), отриманих за допомогою золь-гель методу. Основна увага зосереджена на впливі заміщення іонів цинку лантаном на кристалічну структуру, фазовий склад і фізичні параметри матеріалів. Для дослідження використано комплексний підхід з методами ІЧ спектроскопії з Фур’є перетворенням, спектроскопії дифузного відбиття, скануючої електронної мікроскопії та рентгенівської дифрактометрії. Встановлено, що всі зразки є однофазними, незалежно від вмісту лантану. Це свідчить про стійкість структури шпінелі, навіть при максимальній концентрації лантану. Розмір дифрагуючих кристалітів оцінено за рівнянням Шеррера. Використання методу Рітвельда дозволило уточнити кристалічну структуру, зокрема, визначити ключові параметри елементарної комірки та рентгенівську густину. Дані ІЧ-спектроскопії свідчать про наявність трьох характерних смуг поглинання в діапазоні 1000–400см⁻¹ для усіх зразків, з поступовим зсувом однієї із смуг поглинання у довгохвильову область при збільшенні заміщення. Ширина забороненої зони, визначена за допомогою функції графічного методу Тауца, змінюється в межах від 2,11eV до 2,81eV при різних зіміщеннях цинку. Дослідження за допомогою скануючої електронної спектроскопії продемонструвало значну ефективну площу поверхні синтезованих зразків і високу пористість, що є перспективним для їх подальшого застосування в таких сферах, як каталіз, сенсорика та енергетика. Отримані результати демонструють, що поступова заміна цинку на лантан дозволяє керувати властивостями матеріалу, зокрема шириною забороненої зони та пористістю, що робить їх перспективними матеріалами для використання в сучасних технологіях високого рівня.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ АЛКІЛУВАННЯ 2,4-ДІОКСО– ТА 4-ІМІНО-2-ОКСО-3- ФЕНІЛ-5-R-6-R`-ТІЄНО[2,3-d]ПІРИМІДИНІВ
Authors: РІЗАК Галина
Published: November 2024

Процес алкілування широко використовується у промисловості з метою введення та заміщення атомів Гідрогену на вільний радикал (алкільну групу). Результатом процесу алкілування на виробництвах стають синтез ізопропілбензен, вищих алкілбензенів, поверхнево-активних речовин, а також гербіцидів. 2,4-Діоксо– та 4-іміно-2-оксо-3-феніл-5- R-6-R`-тієно[2,3-d]піримідини (3.3a-c,e,f) – зручні сполуки для хімічної модифікації, яка дозволяє одержати широкі ряди нових потенційних БАР. У роботі досліджено особливості поведінки 2,4-діоксо– та 4-іміно-2-оксо-3-феніл-5-R- 6-R`-тієно[2,3-d]піримідинів (3.3a-c,e,f) у реакціях з реактивами Гріньяра, їх здатність до перегрупування Дімрота, та алкілування. Під час даного дослідження використовувались фізико-хімічні методи досліджень (за зміною температури плавлення, ІЧ-спектри та УФ-спектри, аналізатор Carlo Erba CHNS-O EA 1108), алкілування з допомогою галогенопохідних та акрилонітрилом. Віртуальний скринінг синтезованих сполук здійснювали з використанням програми PASS 1.703. Результат досліджень встановив, що у реакцію Гріньяра тієнопіримідини не вступають, навіть у надлишку на відміну від фуро– та бензопіримідинів. 2,4-діоксо-3-феніл-5-R-6-R`-тієно [2,3-d] піримідинів з акрилонітрилом відбувається N-алкілування за атомом Нітрогену в положенні 1 і утворюються нітрили 3-(2,4-діоксо- 3-феніл-5-R-6-R`-тієно[2,3-d]піримідин-1-іл) пропанових кислот, гідролізом яких у кислому середовищі одержано 3-(2,4-діоксо-3-феніл-5-R-6-R`-тієно[2,3-d]піримідин-1-іл) пропанові кислоти, а взаємодією з гідроксиламіном – відповідні амідоксими. Також, виявлено, що алкілування натрієвих солей 2-окси-4-оксо(іміно)-3-феніл-5-R-6-R`-тієно[2,3-d] піримідинів алкіл– та ацилгалогенідами відбувається за екзоциклічним атомом Оксигену в положенні 2 з утворенням 2-алк(ацил)окси-4-оксо(іміно)-3-феніл-5-R-6-R`-тієно[2,3-d]піримідинів. Новизна даного дослідження полягає у тому, що раніше реакцію Гріньяра не проводили із тієно[2,3-d]піримідинами, а отже дану взаємодію варто в подальшому проводити з урахуванням різних факторів.
Phân tích ngưỡng chi trả đối với can thiệp tim mạch của bệnh nhân hội chứng vành cấp tại Viện Tim Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Authors: Phạm Thị Thùy Linh , Nguyễn Thúy Hằng , Phạm Ngọc Dung , Bùi Minh Trạng , Nguyễn Chí Thanh
Published: November 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Hội chứng vành cấp (HCVC) là một trong những bệnh phổ biến nhất trong điều trị tim mạch nội trú, gây ra gánh nặng chi phí trực tiếp to lớn cho bệnh nhân (BN) và bên chi trả, đồng thời mang lại gánh nặng chi phí gián tiếp đáng kể cho người sử dụng lao động. Vì vậy, việc đánh giá ngưỡng chi trả (NCT) là hết sức cần thiết, giúp xem xét khả năng tiếp cận của BN, đồng thời cung cấp căn cứ xây dựng các chính sách hỗ trợ BN trong điều trị.

Mục tiêu: Xác định NCT đối với can thiệp tim mạch (CTTM) ở BN HCVC và phân tích các yếu tố liên quan đến NCT đối với CTTM ở BN HCVC.

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang dựa trên dữ liệu thu thập từ phiếu phỏng vấn và dữ liệu thanh toán điện tử của BN điều trị HCVC tại Viện Tim Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh giai đoạn 01/03/2024 - 31/05/2024.

Kết quả: NCT thấp nhất (NCT min) và cao nhất (NCT max) cho một CTTM của BN HCVC lần lượt có giá trị trung bình (GTTB) 16.174.825 VND (KTC 95%: 12.048.849 – 20.300.802 VND) và 146.279.720 VND (KTC 95%: 119.371.547 – 173.187.894 VND). Giá trị chênh lệch giữa hai NCT này (∆NCT) có GTTB 130.104.895 VND (KTC 95%: 103.653.274 - 156.556.516 VND). Các yếu tố liên quan đến NCT min bao gồm: tình trạng hôn nhân (p=0,023), nghề nghiệp (p=0,050) và khoa điều trị (p=0,035); trong khi các yếu tố liên quan đến NCT max bao gồm: tình trạng hôn nhân (p=0,015) và lý do vào viện (p=0,033). Lý do vào viện (p=0,047) có liên quan đến ∆NCT.

Kết luận: Nghiên cứu cho thấy sự chênh lệch lớn giữa NCT min và NCT max đối với CTTM ở BN HCVC. So với GDP của Việt Nam năm 2023, tương đương 101,9 triệu VND, NCT max cao gấp 1,44 lần, trong khi NCT min chỉ bằng 0,11 lần.

Từ khóa: ngưỡng chi trả, can thiệp tim mạch, hội chứng vành cấp, Viện Tim Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Khảo sát tình hình sử dụng carbapenem trên bệnh nhân được duyệt kháng sinh trước khi sử dụng tại Bệnh viện Thống Nhất
Authors: Phạm Ngọc Bảo Hân , Nguyễn Trúc Ý Nhi , Trần Quỳnh Như , Nguyễn Thị Thanh An , Nguyễn Thanh Hải , Phạm Thị Lệ Cẩm , Đặng Thị Thanh Nhàn , Phạm Thị Thu Hiền , Trần Thị Phương Mai , Bùi Thị Hương Quỳnh
Published: November 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Việc duyệt carbapenem trước sử dụng là cần thiết nhằm tối ưu hóa sử dụng kháng sinh trên bệnh nhân khi đề kháng carbapenem đang trở nên đáng báo động.

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát tình hình sử dụng carbapenem trên bệnh nhân được duyệt kháng sinh trước khi sử dụng tại Bệnh viện Thống Nhất.

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả trên hồ sơ bệnh án của bệnh nhân nội trú có ít nhất một phiếu yêu cầu sử dụng carbapenem từ tháng 12/2023 - tháng 02/2024.

Kết quả: 348 bệnh nhân được đưa vào nghiên cứu với tuổi trung vị là 69. Imipenem/cilastatin là kháng sinh được chỉ định phổ biến nhất (57,47%). Phối hợp hai kháng sinh là phác đồ thường được lựa chọn (58,91%). Bệnh nhân được duyệt kháng sinh theo đúng quy trình của bệnh viện có trung vị thời gian nằm viện (13 ngày), thời gian điều trị bằng kháng sinh nói chung (11 ngày) và carbapenem nói riêng (9 ngày) đều ngắn hơn có ý nghĩa thống kê so với nhóm không tuân thủ quy trình (p < 0,05).

Kết luận: Tuân thủ quy trình duyệt carbapenem có ý nghĩa tích cực góp phần giảm thời gian nằm viện và thời gian sử dụng kháng sinh. Cần tăng cường và duy trì duyệt kháng sinh ưu tiên quản lý trước khi sử dụng để đảm bảo sử dụng kháng sinh hợp lý tại bệnh viện.

Từ khóa: carbapenem, duyệt kháng sinh trước khi sử dụng, thời gian nằm viện
Causes of recent changes in bill length in Crozet wandering albatross, a long-lived seabird
Authors: Martinez Anton Laura , Delord Karine , Barbraud Christophe , Ribout Cécile , Bonnet Timothée
Published: November 2024

Phenotypes are changing in many wild populations, largely in response to environmental changes due to human activities. Phenotypic change can be driven by several mechanisms, with contrasted consequences for the persistence of populations. Identifying those mechanisms is key to understand current responses to human pressures and to predict the future fate of populations. Here we attempt to disentangle the causes of the increase in bill length observed in the population of wandering albatross breeding on La Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago, over the course of 60 years. Taking advantage of long-term monitoring, morphological and pedigree data, we build a model that estimate changes due to demographic structure, plastic responses to several key environments, selective disappearance within generations, and genetic change. We found that changes in sex-ratio caused a decline in bill length that opposes the phenotypic change and adds an extra ca. 25% of change to explain. Bill length was highly repeatable and was almost fixed after growth within an individual. However, bill length covaried with age among individuals, in part due to selective disappearance filtering out shorter bill lengths. Despite selective disappearance we did not identify a significant contribution of genetic change. In contrast, we identified an important contribution of phenotypic plasticity, in particular in response to the Southern Annular Mode, which relates to the distribution and strength of wind in oceanic regions used for foraging. In the end, we could explain about half the increase in bill length through demographic and plastic mechanisms. The demographic response is most likely transient and will not continue on the long-term, while the plastic response could be quickly reversed in parallel to environmental variables driving plastic changes. Phenotypic change accrued so far is likely not stable but is adaptive and given bill length high heritability, bill length has the potential to evolve adaptively in the future.
ANALISIS PENGARUH VARIASI AMPERE PENGELASAN FCAW ANTARA BAJA GRADE EH36 DENGAN GRADE A TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK
Authors: Widodo Risriki , Purwanto Purwanto , Siswadi Siswadi
Published: November 2024

Industri maritim ditunjang oleh keberadaan galangan kapal sehingga teknologi pengelasan Flux Core Arc Wellding (FCAW) digunakan dalam pembangunan kapal pembangkit listrik terapung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui dampak dari variasi ampere pada hasil pengelasan FCAW material Grade EH36 tebal 24 mm dengan material Grade A tebal 16 mm posisi flat (1G) pada main deck kapal. Dalam penelitian ini akan dianalisis pengaruh variasi ampere terhadap uji radiografi, struktur makro dan kuat tarik. Variasi ampere yang digunakan 160 A, 200 A dan 250 A. Pada hasil pengujian radiografi tidak ditemukan cacat pengelasan pada weld metal. Pada hasil pengamatan struktur makro tidak ditemukan cacat pengelasan. Hasil pengujian kuat tarik pada spesimen dengan variasi 160 A didapatkan nilai kekuatan luluh (yield strenght) 293,73 MPa dan nilai kekuatan tarik (ultimate strenght) 445,71 MPa, pada spesimen dengan variasi 200 A didapatkan nilai kekuatan luluh (yield strenght) 298,61 MPa dan nilai kekuatan tarik (ultimate strenght) 453,56 MPa sedangkan pada spesimen dengan variasi 250 A didapatkan nilai kekuatan luluh (yield strenght) 294,20 MPa dan nilai kekuatan tarik (ultimate strenght) 445,71 MPa
Short-Term Forecasting of Respiratory Virus Transmission and Severe Disease Risk Among Pediatric and Adult Populations for Public Health Planning in Ontario
Authors: Pajdakovska Marija , Li Lennon , Fitzpatrick Tiffany , Gharouni Ali
Published: November 2024

Background: Influenza A presents a major public health issue in Ontario, affecting the population with regular seasonal outbreaks that lead to health and economic burdens. This study uses a collection of historical data on Influenza A cases which dates back to 2015.  
Objectives: Utilizing a data-driven approach, this study aims to enhance short-term forecasting of Influenza A cases. By predicting the number of cases over a 14-day horizon, we intend to provide actionable insights for public health officials to implement timely and effective interventions. The model seeks to differentiate impacts on pediatric and adult populations, thereby optimizing resource allocation and intervention strategies tailored to demographic-specific needs.  
Methods: Utilizing the R package tscount, tailored to count time series data, we modeled the number of Influenza A cases. This package supports generalized linear models, which are pivotal for predicting time-dependent phenomena and allow for the inclusion of past values and covariates into the models. The analysis was segmented by age group to refine predictions.  
Results: The model accurately forecasted 14-days of Influenza A cases for both pediatric and adult populations. Predictive performance was assessed using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), which upheld the model's efficacy in short-term forecasting within acceptable error thresholds.  
Conclusions: The developed forecasting model proves effective for short-term predictions, providing insights into outbreak trends and severity. These predictions are crucial for optimizing resource distribution, informing public health advisories, and enhancing community preparedness.
Practical Implementation of Advanced Causal Inference Method: Development of an R Package for Bayesian Marginal Structural Models with Time-Varying Treatment
Authors: Yan Xiao , Liu Kuan
Published: November 2024

Background: Observational studies offer a viable, efficient, and low-cost design to readily gather evidence on exposure effects. Although more practical, the exposure mechanism is non-randomized and causal inference methods are required to draw causal conclusions.  
Objectives: Bayesian approaches to causal inference have unique estimation features that are useful in many settings; however, there is a lack of open-access software packages to carry out these analyses. Our project seeks to address this gap by developing a user-friendly R package named “bayesmsm” for the implementation of the Bayesian Marginal Structural Models for longitudinal observational data with extensions to handle right-censoring which is common for longitudinal health data. This R package provides an elegant approach to conduct Bayesian causal inference with time-varying exposure and confounding. 
Methods: We use simulated datasets to assess the performance of the package and to illustrate its use. This package first implements Bayesian parametric treatment assignment weight estimation through Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) computation. It then uses Bayesian non-parametric bootstrap to maximize the utility function with respect to the causal effect. The bootstrap calculation process was optimized for performance through parallel computing. The package has additional features, including handling right-censored data and generating analysis summaries and visualizations. 
Results: Using simulated datasets with and without right-censoring, the subject-specific treatment assignment weights were estimated using the package's weight estimation functions. The Bayesian posterior bootstrap results were further visualized by functions built within this package. 
Conclusions: The “bayesmsm” package provides a reliable tool to implement complex Bayesian Marginal Structural Model analysis. Future work will focus on extending this package to handle time-to-event data.
Occupational Noise Exposure and Incident Risk of Hypertension Among Construction Workers in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA)
Authors: Sivakumaran Shawmiga
Published: November 2024

Occupational noise poses a significant health risk, particularly for blue-collar workers, with potential consequences ranging from hearing loss to cardiovascular diseases. This research addresses the growing concern of hypertension among male construction workers in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) due to occupational noise pollution, an issue exacerbated by the expected increase in construction industry employment.
Hypertension, a major risk for cardiovascular diseases, is a common chronic condition with substantial societal implications. In Ontario, where 7.2% of the workforce is employed in construction, the need to understand and mitigate the impact of noise pollution on hypertension is urgent.
This designed study, conducted over a 10-year period, will employ a cohort design, quantitatively measuring noise exposure levels using audio dosimeters by industrial hygienists and categorized into three levels: high, intermediate, and low. Annual physician evaluations will monitor incident cases of hypertension among male construction workers aged 16-65, comparing them to office workers in the same company. 
Existing research relies heavily on self-reported data and lacks longitudinal monitoring within the construction industry. By employing a rigorous quantitative approach, this study design aims to establish a clear association between occupational noise exposure and hypertension. The implications of the findings extend beyond individual health, impacting families, communities, and public health policies. The study's multidisciplinary approach ensures accessibility to a wide audience, emphasizing its relevance and potential to inform preventive strategies in addressing the global burden of hypertension among blue-collar workers.
Early movement patterns of preterm infants with cerebral palsy (CP)
Authors: Ma Yiping , Dupuis Annie , Banihani Rudaina , Asztalos Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

Background: Premature infants are at risk of developing adverse neurological outcomes, including cerebral palsy (CP). Early detection facilitates timely intervention, optimizing neuroplasticity and function. The General Movement Assessment (GMA) offers a cost-effective means of identifying cerebral palsy by observing infants’ general movements abnormality.
 
Objectives: In this project, we utilized GMA data (68 observations for CP and 92 observations for controls) to classify significant general movements and group infants potentially affected by cerebral palsy at an early stage.
 
Methods: We evaluated the effectiveness of general movements in predicting cerebral palsy by metrics such as accuracy and Cohen’s kappa. Supervised and unsupervised machine learning models were employed for prediction.
 
Results: Fidgety Movements in Typical movement exhibit the highest accuracy at 84% (95% CI: [78%, 89%]), as well as the highest kappa value at 0.67 (95% CI: [0.55, 0.79]) among all variables, indicating excellent capability in distinguishing CP from normal infants. In supervised learning, a logistic model identified an association between general movements and a diagnosis of CP. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 93% (95% CI: [88%, 97%]) and an overall cross-validated accuracy of 90% (95% CI: [66%, 98%]), with a sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 93%. In unsupervised learning, K-prototypes clustering naturally grouped all observations into three clusters with accuracy 87%. One cluster was made up of 85% controls and the other two clusters consisted of 96% and 84% CP.
 
Conclusions: The GMA can predict cerebral palsy with high accuracy, and significant movements correlated with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy, such as Fidgety movements, Kicking, Asymmetry of Finger Posture, were identified.
تصور مقترح قائم على مبادئ التعلم المستند إلى الدماغ لتطوير الممارسات التدريسية لدى معلمي العلوم في المرحلة الابتدائية بمنطقة تبوك
Authors: عطاالله بن عوده فراج العطوي
Published: November 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى وضع تصور مقترح قائم على مبادئ التعلم المستند إلى الدماغ لتعزيز الممارسات التدريسية لدى معلمي العلوم في المرحلة الابتدائية بمنطقة تبوك. استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي، وطبقت على عينة مكونة من (88) معلماً للعلوم في المرحلة الابتدائية في منطقة تبوك. وأظهرت النتائج أن معلمي العلوم بشكل عام يمارسون أساليب التدريس المتوافقة مع مبادئ التعلم المستند إلى الدماغ بدرجة عالية. ومع ذلك، حددت الدراسة أيضًا العديد من المتطلبات الأساسية التي يمكن أن تساهم في تفعيل التعلم المستند إلى مبادئ الدماغ بشكل أكثر فعالية، مثل توفير برامج تدريب شاملة للمعلمين، وضمان الموارد والوقت المناسبين، ومواءمة المناهج والتقييم مع مبادئ التعلم المستند إلى الدماغ. ولم تجد الدراسة فروقاً ذات دلالة إحصائية في قدرة المعلمين على تطوير ممارساتهم من خلال مبادئ التعلم المستند إلى الدماغ على أساس المؤهل العلمي أو الجنس أو سنوات الخدمة. وأخيراً، اقترحت الدراسة رؤية شاملة لتطوير الممارسات التدريسية لدى معلمي العلوم الابتدائية باستخدام مبادئ التعلم المستند إلى الدماغ، مع تحديد المنطلقات الرئيسية، والمبررات، والأهداف، والمحددات، والتوصيات.
أسباب انخفاض نتائج طلاب المرحلة الثانوية بالرياض في اختباري القدرات والتحصيلي من وجهة نظر مديري/ات، ومعلم/ات مدارس المرحلة الثانوية
Authors: أ. ابتسام البسام  , د. هادية اليامي  , د. ريم المهيدلي  , د. نوال الخلف  , أ. البندري الخلف  , أ. البندري المطيري  , أ. فاطمة القحطاني
Published: November 2024

هدفت هذه الدراسة بشكل عام إلى التعرف على أسباب انخفاض نتائج طلاب مدارس المرحلة الثانوية بالرياض في اختبار ي القدرات والتحصيلي، حيث اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي المسحي، كما استخدمت الاستبانة لجمع البيانات من أفراد مجتمع الدراسة من المديرين/ـات، الوكلاء/ـات، الموجهين الطلابيين والموجهات، ومعلمي/ـات المواد المستهدفة في اختباري القدرات والتحصيلي في المدارس الثانوية في مكتب التعليم بالنسيم للعام 1446هـ، أما عينة الدراسة فقد بلغت (264) فرد.
وقد أسفرت الدراسة عن مجموعة من النتائج، أبرزها: أن هناك موافقة بدرجة متوسطة بين أفراد عينة الدراسة على أسباب انخفاض نتائج طلاب مدارس المرحلة الثانوية في مكتب تعليم النسيم في اختبار القدرات، ومن أبرز تلك الأسباب: إرباك الطلبة بكثرة المصادر وتنوعها لاختبار القدرات، وكذلك القلق والتوتر والخوف من الاختبار لدى الطلبة، كما بينت النتائج أن هناك موافقة بدرجة متوسطة بين أفراد عينة الدراسة على أسباب انخفاض نتائج طلاب مدارس المرحلة الثانوية في مكتب تعليم النسيم في اختبار التحصيلي، ومن أبرز تلك الأسباب: قلة فرص دخول الطلبة للاختبار التحصيلي، وكذلك ضعف مهارات التعامل مع الضغوط لدى الطلبة.
وفي ضوء النتائج قدمت الدراسة العديد من التوصيات أبرزها: وجود منصات تدريبية للقدرات تحفز الطلبة وتوفر لهم الجديد والنماذج المحاكية، وكذلك توعيه الطالبات والأسرة بأهمية اختبار القدرات والاختبار التحصيلي وتحديد نسب القبول من خلاله.
الإمْكانات الجماليَّة فِي هَيئَة المدينة وجماليَّات المكَان
Authors: عبد الفتاح احمد علي الكم
Published: November 2024

يَهْدُف التَّصْمِيم وَالتَّخْطِيط الْحَضْرِيُّ وَالْعُمْرَانِيّ إِلَى تَحْلِيل وَتَقْيِيمِ الْجَوَانِب الْجَمَّالِيَّة وَالْمُشَاهِد الْبَصَرِيَّة فِي مَرَاكِز الْمُدُن التَّارِيخِيَّة، حَيْثُ يُتْم التَّرْكِيز عَلَى مُعَالَجَة الْجَوَانِب الْبَصَرِيَّة وَالْجَمَالِيَّة لِلْمُسَاهَمَة فِي تَحْقِيق بِيئَة نَظِيفَة وَخَالِيَة مِنْ التَّلَوُّث، وَتَوْفِير رَاحَة نَفْسِيَّة لِلسُّكَّان بِالْإضَافَة إِلَى إضْفَاء طَابِع جَمَالِيِّ وَبَصَرِيِّ مُمَيَّز.
تَعْتَمِد هَذِهِ الدِّرَاسَة عَلَى مَنْهَجِيَّة وَصَفِّيَّة تَحْلِيلِيَّة حَيْثُ تَمّ جَمَع الْبَيَانَات مِنْ خِلَالَ الْمُلَاحِظَات الْمَيْدَانِيَّة، وتَحْلِيل الصُّور الْمُلْتَقِطَة مِنْ مَرْكَز مَدِينَة طُولْكَرمٍ، وَتَوَصَّلَت الدِّرَاسَة إِلَى مَجْمُوعَة مِنْ النَّتَائِج الَّتِي تُشِير إِلَى تَدَهْوُر الْجَوَانِب الْبَصَرِيَّة وَالْجَمَالِيَّة لِمَرْكَز الْمَدِينَة، وَاِفْتِقَارها لِأثَاث الشَّوَارِع وَالْخِدْمَات وَالْمُرَافِق الْعَامَّة، كَمَا أَكَّدَت أَنَّ مُعَالَجَة هَذَا التَّدَهْوُر يُسَاهِم فِي تَحْقِيق بِيئَة نَظِيفَة خَالِيَة مِنْ التَّلَوُّث، مِمَّا يُؤَثِّر إِيجَابِيَّا عَلَى شُعُور السُّكَّان بِالرِّضَا وَالْاِنْتِمَاء وَيُحْسِن الْمَشْهَد الْبَصَرِيُّ لِلْمَدِينَة، أَوْصَت الدِّرَاسَة لاِسْتِخْدَام التِّقْنِيَّات الْحَديثَة بِتَحْسِين التَّخْطِيط الْعُمْرَانِيّ وَوَضْع خُطَط تَنْظِيمِيَّة شَامِلَة، وَتَعْزِيزَ الْمُشَارَكَة والتَّعَاوُن بَيْنَ الْجِهَات الْحُكُومِيَّة وَالْمُجْتَمَع الْمَحَلِّيّ فِي الْحِفَاظ عَلَى الْجَمَالِيَات الْبَصَرِيَّة ،وتَطْوِير بِيئَة حَضْرِيَّة أَكْثَر جَمَالِيَّة وَنَظَافَة مِمَّا يُعَزِّز جَوْدَة الْحَيَاة فِي الْمَدِينَة.
توظيف عناصر السَّرد المسرحيّ في مسرحيِّة (بيجماليون) لتوفيق الحكيم
Authors: أ. أمل عبد الله البُقميّ
Published: November 2024

إنَّ الفنَّ المسرحيّ في عمومه ناشئ من صراعات داخليِّة أو خارجيِّة، تلك الصِّراعات تُفرز لنا التأثير الّذي يُحدثه الفنّ المسرحيّ في حياة الكاتب والمُتلقيّ على حدٍّ سواء، فالفنَّان يُبرز لنا أعماله مترقِّبًا بذلك تقبّل النَّاس لفنِّه أو رفضه، ذلك التَّرقّب يُنشِئ صراعات شتَّى، ويمكن البحث في المقاربة بين ما عاشه توفيق الحكيم ذلك الفنَّان المبدع وبين ما كابدهُ في الحياة جرَّاءَ إبداعِهِ، فالحكيم يُسقط ما في نفسه على شخوص مسرحيِّتِهِ مجسِّدًا تلك المعاناة الَّتي تتأرجح بين القبول والرَّفض، والتَّشجيع والإحباط، فالمتأمِّل في تاريخ توفيق الحكيم وحياته الشَّخصيِّة سيلحظ جدليِّة واسعةً، وذبذبةً واضحةً في استقرار نفسه المبدعة ومواجهتها مع الحياة الَّتي تعجّ بالمعوّقات والمثبِّطات الدَّاخليِّة -أي على نطاق أسرتِهِ- أو الخارجيِّة -أي على نطاق المحيطين بِهِ من مجتمعه- تلك المعوِّقات ألهبت قريحة كاتبنا، وأفرزت مشكلته على شكل نصٍّ مسرحيّ خُلِّد في أذهان المُتلقّين، وفي هذا البحث سنُسلِّط الضَّوء على صراع الفّنّ والحياة وتعميق الحكيم لهذا الصِّراع من خلال توظيف عناصر السَّرد المسرحيّ فيها.
Editorial: Never waste a measles outbreak
Authors: Durrheim David N
Published: November 2024

This editorial focuses on the instructive value of carefully investigated measles outbreaks with reference to the outbreak report, also published today in CDI (doi: 10.33321/cdi.2024.48.61), documenting an apparent measles secondary vaccine failure affecting a Sunshine Coast childcare facility with no ongoing transmission.