bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomised Phase 2 study of lapatinib and vinorelbine vs vinorelbine in patients with HER2 + metastatic breast cancer after lapatinib and trastuzumab treatment (KCSG BR11-16)
Authors: Sim Sung Hoon , Park In Hae , Jung Kyung Hae , Kim Sung-Bae , Ahn Jin-Hee , Lee Kyung-Hun , Im Seock-Ah , Im Young-Hyuck , Park Yeon Hee , Sohn Joohyuk , Kim Yu Jung , Lee Suee , Kim Hee-Jun , Chae Yee Soo , Park Kyong Hwa , Nam Byung-Ho , Lee Keun Seok , Ro Jungsil
Published: November 2019

Background

The continuum of anti-HER2 agents is a standard treatment of HER2 + metastatic breast cancer (MBC). This study evaluated the efficacy of lapatinib plus vinorelbine in patients progressed on both trastuzumab and lapatinib treatments.

Methods

A total of 149 patients were randomly assigned to lapatinib with vinorelbine (LV) (n = 75; lapatinib, 1000 mg daily; vinorelbine 20 mg/m2 D1, D8 q3w) or vinorelbine (V) (n = 74; 30 mg/m2 D1, D8 q3w). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 18 weeks.

Results

The median number of previous anti-HER2 therapies was 2 (range 2–5). There was no significant difference in PFS rate at 18 weeks between LV and V arms (45.9% vs 38.9%, p = 0.40). ORR was 19.7% in LV arm, and 16.9% in V arm (p = 0.88). PFS and OS did not differ between two arms (LV vs V; median PFS, 16 vs 12 weeks, HR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.61–1.22; median OS, 15.0 vs 18.9 months, HR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.72–1.58). Toxicity profiles were similar in both arms and all were manageable.

Conclusions

Lapatinib plus vinorelbine treatment was tolerable; however, it failed to demonstrate the clinical benefits over vinorelbine alone in patients with HER2 + MBC after progression on both trastuzumab and lapatinib.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01730677.
A functional genetic screen identifies the Mediator complex as essential for SSX2-induced senescence
Authors: Brückmann Nadine H. , Bennedsen Sofie N. , Duijf Pascal H. G. , Terp Mikkel G. , Thomassen Mads , Larsen Martin , Pedersen Christina B. , Kruse Torben , Alcaraz Nicolas , Ditzel Henrik J. , Gjerstorff Morten F.
Published: November 2019

The senescence response to oncogenes is believed to be a barrier to oncogenic transformation in premalignant lesions, and describing the mechanisms by which tumor cells evade this response is important for early diagnosis and treatment. The male germ cell-associated protein SSX2 is ectopically expressed in many types of cancer and is functionally involved in regulating chromatin structure and supporting cell proliferation. Similar to many well-characterized oncogenes, SSX2 has the ability to induce senescence in cells. In this study, we performed a functional genetic screen to identify proteins implicated in SSX2-induced senescence and identified several subunits of the Mediator complex, which is central in regulating RNA polymerase-mediated transcription. Further experiments showed that reduced levels of MED1, MED4, and MED14 perturbed the development of senescence in SSX2-expressing cells. In contrast, knockdown of MED1 did not prevent development of B-Raf- and Epirubicin-induced senescence, suggesting that Mediator may be specifically linked to the cellular functions of SSX2 that may lead to development of senescence or be central in a SSX2-specific senescence response. Indeed, immunostaining of melanoma tumors, which often express SSX proteins, exhibited altered levels of MED1 compared to benign nevi. Similarly, RNA-seq analysis suggested that MED1, MED4, and MED14 were downregulated in some tumors, while upregulated in others. In conclusion, our study reveals the Mediator complex as essential for SSX2-induced senescence and suggests that changes in Mediator activity could be instrumental for tumorigenesis.
Ten-year clinical outcomes in N0 ER+ breast cancer patients with Recurrence Score-guided therapy
Authors: Stemmer Salomon M. , Steiner Mariana , Rizel Shulamith , Ben-Baruch Noa , Uziely Beatrice , Jakubowski Debbie M. , Baron Julie , Shak Steven , Soussan-Gutman Lior , Bareket-Samish Avital , Fried Georgeta , Rosengarten Ora , Itay Amit , Nisenbaum Bella , Katz Daniela , Leviov Michelle , Tokar Margarita , Liebermann Nicky , Geffen David B.
Published: November 2019

The 21-gene Recurrence Score (RS) assay is a validated prognosticator/predictor of chemotherapy (CT) benefit in early-stage estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (BC). Long-term data from real-life clinical practice where treatment was guided by the RS result are lacking. We performed exploratory analysis of the Clalit Health Services (CHS) registry, which included all CHS patients with node-negative ER+ HER2-negative BC who underwent RS testing between 1/2006 and 12/2009 to determine 10-year Kaplan–Meier estimates for distant recurrence/BC-specific mortality (BCSM) in this cohort. The analysis included 1365 patients. Distribution of RS results: RS 0–10, 17.8%; RS 11–25, 62.5%; RS 26–100, 19.7%. Corresponding CT use: 0, 9.4, and 69.9%. Ten-year distant recurrence rates in patients with RS 0–10, 11–25, and 26–100: 2.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1–6.2%), 6.1% (95% CI, 4.4–8.6%), and 13.1% (95% CI, 9.4–18.3%), respectively (P < 0.001); corresponding BCSM rates: 0.7% (95% CI 0.1–5.1%), 2.2% (95% CI, 1.3–3.7%), and 9.5% (95% CI, 6.0–14.9%) (P < 0.001). When the analysis included patients treated with endocrine therapy alone (95.5/87.5% of patients with RS 0–10/11–25), 10-year distant recurrence and BCSM rates for RS 0–10 patients were 2.7% (95% CI, 1.1–6.5%) and 0.8% (95% CI, 0.1–5.3%), respectively, and for RS 11–25 patients, 5.7% (95% CI, 3.9–8.3%) and 2.0% (95% CI, 1.1–3.7%), respectively. For RS 11–25 patients, no statistically significant differences were observed in 10-year distant recurrence/BCSM rates between CT-treated and untreated patients; however, this should be interpreted cautiously since the number of events was low and patients were not randomized. In conclusion, in node-negative ER+ HER2-negative BC patients, where treatment decisions in real-life clinical practice incorporated the RS, patients with RS 0–25 (~80% of patients, <10% CT use) had excellent outcomes at 10 years. Patients with RS 26–100 had high distant recurrence risk despite CT use and are candidates for new treatment approaches.
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of 360-Degree Basic Attention
Authors: Harada Yuki , Ohyama Junji
Published: November 2019

The spatiotemporal characteristics of basic attention are important for understanding attending behaviours in real-life situations, and they are useful for evaluating the accessibility of visual information. However, although people are encircled by their 360-degree surroundings in real life, no study has addressed the general characteristics of attention to 360-degree surroundings. Here, we conducted an experiment using virtual reality technology to examine the spatiotemporal characteristics of attention in a highly controlled basic visual context consisting of a 360-degree surrounding. We measured response times and gaze patterns during the 360-degree search task and examined the spatial distribution of attention and its temporal variations in a 360-degree environment based on the participants’ physical position. Data were collected from both younger adults and older adults to consider age-related differences. The results showed the fundamental spatiotemporal characteristics of 360-degree attention, which can be used as basic criteria to analyse the structure of exogenous effects on attention in complex 360-degree surroundings in real-life situations. For practical purposes, we created spherical criteria maps of 360-degree attention, which are useful for estimating attending behaviours to 360-degree environmental information or for evaluating visual information design in living environments, workspaces, or other real-life contexts.
Non-invasive detection of glucoseviaa solution-gated graphene transistor
Authors: Ma Mingyu , Zhou Yang , Li Jinhua , Ge Zhiqi , He Hanping , Tao Tian , Cai Zhiwei , Wang Xianbao , Chang Gang , He Yunbin
Published: November 2019

Owing to its high sensitivity, a solution-gated graphene transistor has rapidly emerged as a cutting edge technology in electrochemical sensing.
Quantitative analysis of cadmium and zinc in algae using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Lu Yi , Guo Han , Shen Tingting , Wang Wei , He Yong , Liu Fei
Published: November 2019

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology combined with chemometric methods were applied to provide quantitative analysis of cadmium and zinc in algae.
An amino functionalized magnetite nanoparticle and ionic liquid based electrochemical sensor for the detection of acetaminophen
Authors: Chokkareddy Rajasekhar , Thondavada Niranjan , Bhajanthri Natesh Kumar , Redhi Gan G.
Published: November 2019

Schematic illustration of the steps involved in the preparation of an IL–NH2-Fe3O4NP–MWCNT-GCE for the electrochemical determination of AMP.
A clinical trial with a novel collagen dermal substitute for wound healing in burn patients
Authors: Yoon Dogeon , Cho Yoon Soo , Joo So Young , Seo Cheong Hoon , Cho Yong Suk
Published: November 2019

Biomechanical properties of new dermal replacement were very similar than commercial products. Also this replacement can be used for skin regeneration for burn wounds. Therefore, we suggest that new dermal replacement can be used in the medical field.
Porosity-driven large amplitude dynamics for nitroaromatic sensing with fluorescent films of alternating D–π–A molecules
Authors: Malval Jean-Pierre , Cranney Marion , Achelle Sylvain , Akdas-Kiliç Huriye , Fillaut Jean-Luc , Cabon Nolwenn , Guen Françoise Robin-le , Soppera Olivier , Molard Yann
Published: November 2019

Very large amplitude nitroaromatic sensing dynamics are observed upon a structural change within an alternating D–π–A chromophore initially configured to promote densely cofacial self-packing at a macromolecular scale.
Effect of growth temperature conditions on the optimization of OH1 single-crystalline thin film by physical vapour deposition
Authors: Wang Pei-bin , Takeya Kei , Kawase Kodo , Uchida Hirohisa
Published: November 2019

The shape control of 2-(3-(4-hydroxystyry1)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene) malononitrile (OH1) organic nonlinear optical (NLO) single-crystalline thin film grown by physical vapour deposition (PVD) has been achieved by optimizing the growth temperature condition.
Catalytic mechanism of the PrhA (V150L/A232S) double mutant involved in the fungal meroterpenoid biosynthetic pathway: a QM/MM study
Authors: Bai Jie , Yan Lijuan , Liu Yongjun
Published: November 2019

QM/MM calculations reveal the mechanism of a nonheme Fe(ii)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenase involved in the fungal meroterpenoid biosynthetic pathway.
An effective partial charge model for bulk and surface properties of cubic ZrO2, Y2O3 and yttrium-stabilised zirconia
Authors: Hofer Thomas S. , Kilchert Franziska M. , Tanjung Bagas A.
Published: November 2019

Novel interaction potentials using effective partial charges are derived, leading to a superior description of bulk and surface properties.
Absorption spectra at the iodine 3d ionisation threshold following the CHxI+ (x = 0–3) cation sequence
Authors: Schubert Kaja , Guda Alexander A. , Mertens Karolin , Schunck Jan O. , Schippers Stefan , Müller Alfred , Bari Sadia , Klumpp Stephan , Martins Michael
Published: November 2019

Yields of atomic iodine Iq+ (q ≥ 2) fragments resulting from photoexcitation and photoionisation of the target cations CHxI+ (x = 0–3) have been measured in the photon-energy range 610 to 670 eV, which comprises the threshold for iodine 3d ionisation.
Spectroscopic identification of the phenyltelluryl radical and its reactivity toward molecular oxygen
Authors: Keul Felix , Mardyukov Artur , Schreiner Peter R.
Published: November 2019

Phenyltelluryl radical and its primary oxidation products phenyltelluro peroxy and phenyl telluroyl radicals were generated and characterized spectroscopically in solid noble gas matrices for the first time.
Quantum chemical calculations on NbO and its reaction with methane: ground and excited electronic states
Authors: Claveau Emily E. , Miliordos Evangelos
Published: November 2019

Our high-level calculations show that high-spin NbO electronic states facilitate the methane to methanol transformation via a very efficient radical mechanism, as opposed to the [2+2] mechanism observed for the rest of the low-lying states.
Correction: A diet containing high- versus low-daidzein does not affect bone density and osteogenic gene expression in the obese Zucker rat model
Authors: Rochester Eric , Wickman Brooke E. , Bell Andrea , Simecka Christy , Clayton Zachary S. , Hakkak Reza , Hooshmand Shirin
Published: November 2019

Correction for ‘A diet containing high- versus low-daidzein does not affect bone density and osteogenic gene expression in the obese Zucker rat model’ by Eric Rochester et al., Food Funct., 2019, 10, 6851–6857.
Identification and characterization of an anthrol reductase from Talaromyces islandicus (Penicillium islandicum) WF-38-12
Authors: Singh Shailesh Kumar , Mondal Amit , Saha Nirmal , Husain Syed Masood
Published: November 2019

An NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase from Talaromyces islandicus WF-38-12, identified through genome analysis, catalyzes the regio- and enantioselective reduction of substituted anthrols.
Acoustic mixing in a dome-shaped chamber-based SAW (DC-SAW) device
Authors: Lim Hyunjung , Back Seung Min , Choi Hyuk , Nam Jeonghun
Published: November 2019

A dome-shaped chamber device enables the maximizing of the effect of SAW transmitted at a Rayleigh angle.
Selenomethionine alleviates LPS-induced chicken myocardial inflammation by regulating the miR-128-3p-p38 MAPK axis and oxidative stress
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Shengchen , Zhang Qiaojian , Li Xiaojing , Xu Shiwen
Published: November 2019

Selenium is closely related to the occurrence of heart disease, and an appropriate amount of selenium can alleviate inflammatory changes caused by various factors. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as a specific component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, is often used to construct various inflammatory models. In order to explore the effect of selenium on LPS-induced myocardial inflammation in chickens, we chose 4-month-old laying hens to be fed with a selenium-rich diet containing 0.5 g kg−1 Se, and injected LPS into the abdominal cavity at the age of 8 months to establish an inflammation model. We observed the myocardial tissue lesions by light microscopy, and detected miR-128-3p, p38MAPK, and NF-κB pathway-associated inflammatory factors and Th1/Th2 related factors by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that LPS stimulation inhibited miR-128-3p, which increased the expression of p38MAPK and NF-κB, while the expression of TNF-α, IL-1, PTGE, COX-2 and iNOS increased. Additionally, the expression of IL-4 and IL-6 increased and IFN-γ decreased, suggesting an imbalance of Th1/Th2. We also found that LPS treatment not only increased the content of H2O2 and MDA in the myocardium, but also increased the expression of HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90, while the activity of SOD, GPX and CAT and the content of GSH decreased. Interestingly, the addition of selenium can alleviate the changes in the above indicators. Finally, we concluded that selenium inhibits the occurrence of oxidative stress and ultimately alleviates myocardial inflammation induced by LPS through the miR-128-3p-p38MAPK-NF-κB pathway.
Synthesis, structure and phenoxazinone synthase-like activity of three unprecedented alternating CoII–CoIII 1D chains
Authors: Ganguly Sayantan , Kar Paramita , Chakraborty Maharudra , Sarkar Koushik , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: November 2019

Three new one-dimensional CoII/CoIII chains have been synthesized using N-salicylidene-l-alanine/N-salicylidene-l-phenylalanine and 2,2′-bipyridine/1,10-phenanthroline. All three complexes exhibit phenoxazinone synthase-like activity.
Phase field approach for nanoscale interactions between crack propagation and phase transformation
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hossein , Levitas Valery I. , Farrahi Gholam Hossein , Javanbakht Mahdi
Published: November 2019

The phase field approach for the interaction of fracture and phase transformation is developed including scale effects and change in surface energy.
A highly [001]-textured Sb2Se3 photocathode for efficient photoelectrochemical water reduction
Authors: Zhou Hongpeng , Feng Menglei , Song Kena , Liao Bin , Wang Yichang , Liu Ruchuan , Gong Xiangnan , Zhang Dingke , Cao Lingfei , Chen Shijian
Published: November 2019

The highly [001]-oriented Sb2Se3 film exhibits an outstanding charge carrier transport efficiency and minimized recombination losses. It delivers a record high saturation hydrogen reduction photocurrent density of −25.4 mA cm−2.
Salidroside mitigates skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with cigarette smoke-induced COPD by up-regulating myogenin and down-regulating myostatin expression
Authors: Zhang Dan , Cao Lihua , Wang Zhenshan , Feng Haoshen , Cai Xu , Xu Mingtao , Li Menglu , Yu Na , Yin Yan , Wang Wei , Kang Jian
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The present study aimed at investigating the therapeutic effect of Salidroside on skeletal muscle atrophy in a rat model of cigarette smoking-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its potential mechanisms.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomized, and treated intraperitoneally (IP) with vehicle (injectable water) or a low, medium or high dose of Salidroside, followed by exposure to cigarette smoking daily for 16 weeks. A healthy control received vehicle injection and air exposure. Their lung function, body weights and gastrocnemius (GN) weights, grip strength and cross-section area (CSA) of individual muscular fibers in the GN were measured. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) in serum and GN tissues as well as myostatin and myogenin expression in GN tissues were measured.

Results: In comparison with that in the healthy control, long-term cigarette smoking induced emphysema, significantly impaired lung function, reduced body and GN weights and CSA values in rats, accompanied by significantly increased levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and MDA, but decreased levels of SOD and GSH in serum and GN tissues. Furthermore, cigarette smoking significantly up-regulated myostatin expression, but down-regulated myogenin expression in GN tissues. Salidroside treatment decreased emphysema, significantly ameliorated lung function, increased antioxidant, but reduced MDA, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in serum and GN tissues of rats, accompanied by decreased myostain, but increased myogenin expression in GN tissues.

Conclusion: Salidroside mitigates the long-term cigarette smoking-induced emphysema and skeletal muscle atrophy in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and regulating muscle-specific transcription factor expression.
Long non-coding RNA ROR1-AS1 induces tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer by affecting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Wei , Zheng Weihong , Zhang Lei , Li Ke
Published: November 2019

Recent studies have discovered that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in malignant tumors. In this research, lncRNA ROR1-AS1 was selected to identify how it affects the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). ROR1-AS1 expression was detected by RT-qPCR in CRC tissue samples. ROR1-AS1 expression level and patients’ overall survival time were analyzed. Functional experiments were conducted to identify the changes of biological behaviors in CRC cells after knockdown of ROR1-AS1. Moreover, we also explored the underlying mechanism. Detection of ROR1-AS1 expression level in patients’ tissues showed that ROR1-AS1 was higher in CRC tissues than that in adjacent ones. ROR1-AS1 expression was negatively associated with patients’ overall survival time. Cell growth ability was inhibited due to knockdown of ROR1-AS1 in vitro. Moreover, cell migration and invasion were repressed after ROR1-AS1 knockdown. Furthermore, due to knockdown of ROR1-AS1, the targeted proteins in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were suppressed. These results suggest that ROR1-AS1 could enhance cell metastasis and proliferation via inducing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which might offer a potential therapeutic target in CRC.
Network coding schemes with efficient LDPC coded MIMO–NOMA in two‐way relay networks
Authors: War Hlaing Ngu , Farzamnia Ali , Mariappan Muralindran , Kumar Haldar Manas
Published: November 2019

The combination of non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) approaches has been considered as assuring multiple access for the fifth generation technology. In this study, the performance of a MIMO–NOMA system with low‐density parity check (LDPC) codes is investigated. Redundancy with randomly interleaved differential encoding (R‐RIDE) is proposed and applied to LDPC encoded messages by two users. LDPC decoding is done using the sum‐product algorithm (SPA), which has two types of decoding methods, hard‐decision and soft‐decision. For hard‐decision, bit‐flipping decoder is used and for soft‐decision, probability domain, log‐domain, and simplified log‐domain decoders are used. Bit error rate (BER) versus signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in (dB) and average mutual information (AMI) in (bps/Hz) versus SNR (dB) are evaluated to compare the performance of the proposed and conventional LDPC schemes in NOMA and MIMO–NOMA systems. Simulation results show that both AMI and BER of the proposed LDPC–R‐RIDE in MIMO–NOMA system greatly outperforms conventional LDPC coded schemes in NOMA and MIMO–NOMA systems. Moreover, the proposed R‐RIDE‐LDPC in MIMO‐NOMA system outperforms the proposed scheme in the NOMA system. From the simulation results, LDPC–R‐RIDE with simplified log‐domain decoder has the best AMI result and BER performance compared with other decoding methods.
Hybrid FS–WNN approximator in indirect adaptive control of uncertain non‐linear MIMO systems
Authors: Kahili Kheira , Bouhali Omar , Rizoug Nassim , Khenfri Fouad
Published: November 2019

In this study, a novel adaptive hybrid fuzzy system‐wavelet neural network (FS‐WNN) approximator is developed for control of uncertain non‐linear multiple‐inputs and multiple‐outputs systems. The main idea is to use two different universal approximators to approximate each unknown non‐linear function of the dynamic system. The first approximator is a FS and the second approximator is a WNN. Each approximator approximates the system's unknown functions independently. Then, the two approximations of the same function are combined using a modulation technique. The used modulation attributes to the first approximation a scaling factor and attributes its complementary factor to the second approximation to synthesise a hybrid optimal approximation of the function. Thus, system unknown functions are accurately approximated using the novel adaptive hybrid approximator that gathers the advantages of both approximators. The adaptation laws of the developed hybrid approximator are derived using Lyapunov's direct method to ensure the stability of the closed loop system. A simulation study is given to evaluate the performance of the proposed hybrid FS–WNN approximator in comparison with the FS and WNN approximators in indirect adaptive control of a two‐link robot manipulator.
Buck–boost derived interleaved hybrid converter for residential nanogrid applications
Authors: Bagewadi Milind D. , Chobe Chinmay R. , Jagtap Prathamesh S. , Siddiquee Mahwash , Dambhare Sanjay S.
Published: November 2019

This study proposes a novel buck–boost based interleaved hybrid converter (BIHC), which can supply both AC and DC loads simultaneously. This topology uses two buck–boost derived hybrid converters where the DC outputs of the individual converters are interleaved and the AC voltage is the differential voltage tapped between the two source (of the MOSFETs) nodes of the individual converters. This converter uses only two switches which is lower than similar converters reported in literature, hence reducing the switching losses. In BIHC, there is no possibility of shoot through and no dead time compensation is required. BIHC will find application in hybrid nanogrids supplying residential loads powered by solar photovoltaic. The principle of operation of individual converters is augmented sinusoidal pulse width modulation with AC references for individual converters phase shifted by 180°. This results in line frequency components in the inductor currents and hence the buck–boost stage inductors are relatively larger. However, reduction in number of switches offsets this increase in size. The circuit has been extensively simulated in MATLAB and an experimental prototype of 100 W is tested in the laboratory.
Transport Phenomenon of Simultaneously Developing Flow and Heat Transfer in Twisted Sinusoidal Wavy Microchannel under Pulsating Inlet Flow Condition
Authors: Bhattacharyya Suvanjan , Gobinda Das Sampad , Chattopadhyay Himadri , Cemal Benim Ali , Moghimi M. A.
Published: November 2019

The transport phenomena in microchannel are significant in designing MEMS devices. The current study investigates numerically the simultaneously developing unsteady laminar flow and heat transfer inside a twisted sinusoidal wavy microchannel. At the inlet sinusoidal varying velocity component is applied. Varying pulsating amplitude and frequency represented by the Strouhal number was studied for Reynolds numbers ranging from 1 to 100. The governing equations are solved with a finite volume based numerical method. In comparison with steady flow, it was found that imposed sinusoidal velocity at the inlet can provide improved heat transfer performance at different amplitudes and frequencies while keeping the pressure drop within acceptable limits.
Numerical investigation of heat losses through cascaded fully open cavity receiver at high temperatures up to 500°C
Authors: Wasankar Kushal , Yadav Shreyas , Sinha Ramola , Gulhane Nitin
Published: November 2019

In solar thermal systems, especially for high concentration applications, natural convection and radiation contributes a significant fraction of energy loss. Its characteristics hence need to be understood to improve system efficiency. In this work a numerical study is carried out to investigate the heat loss through a cascaded cavity receiver of a solar dish collector. The effect of increase in area ratio on heat loss is studied. The cascaded cavity receiver model is electrically heated with constant heat flux. A simulation model for combined natural convection and surface radiation is developed. The influence of orientation of the receiver, and the geometry on total heat loss from the receiver is investigated. The cavity inclination is varied from 0° to 90° in steps of 30°. The Computational Fluid Dynamics package “ANSYS 19.2 Fluent” has been used to numerically investigate the influence of cavity geometry and inclination on the convective loss through the aperture.The cascaded cavity receiver is found to reduce the natural convection and radiation heat losses.
Influence of thermal and flow conditions on the temperature distribution in the evaporator tubes
Authors: Majdak Marek
Published: November 2019

The article presents the results of thermal and flow analysis of the working conditions of neighbouring waterwall tubes, loaded with heat streams of different values. The numerical model used for the analysis, allowing to calculate the temperature distribution of the tubes and the fluid flowing throughthem at each time step depending on the thermophysical parameters of the fluid and the material from which the tubes were made. By using the algorithm it is possible to precisely determine the temperaturedistribution for tubes, allowing to determine the places where the most divergent temperatures occur and in which thermal stresses of the highest value may occur. Analysis for several adjacent tubes willallow for the effect of temperature differences in the tubes to the temperature of the fin which is connecting them and to collect data that may be used for the determination of stress distribution in the tubes and fins.
Numerical and experimental investigations of Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) in a stenosed coronary artery
Authors: Saha Supratim , Purushotham T. , Arul Prakash K.
Published: November 2019

The coronary artery is numerically investigated based on CFD techniques for measuring the severity of stenosis. In mild cases, medication is often preferred whereas for severe cases surgical intervention is `required but most of the cases fall in between. Thus, it poses a problem for clinicians in choosing an appropriate action. The Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR) is a number which helps to predict the functional significance of stenosis in this scenario. In this study, various cases of occlusion percentranging between 40 to 70 are considered using different models for predicting FFR in the stenosed coronary artery. The lesion length is also varied between 1 cm and 5 cm based on patient–specific data. The experimental investigation of FFR in the coronary stenosis using silicon model is also carried out in this study and compared with numerical results. The effect of occlusion percentage and lesionlengthon the FFR value are quantified.
Determination Of Heat Transfer Characteristics Employing Modified Maximum Slope Method For Porous Media Heat Exchanger Using Al2O3–Water Nanofluids
Authors: J S Dijin , M R Rajkumar , R Nair Anjan
Published: November 2019

It has been well documented in many literature that porous media and nanofluid can augment heat transfer in many engineering system. However the combined usage of these two media has not been given much attention in literature. The objective of the present work is to experimentally investigate porous media heat exchanger using Al2O3/water nanofluids. The heat transfer characteristics is determined using transient testing method wherein, only one fluid stream flows steadily throughthe test core, then a transient perturbation in the inlet fluid temperature is induced and the outletfluid temperature variation is measured continuously. The measured data is evaluated using the maximum slope method to obtain the heat transfer characteristics. The results show an increase in Nusselt number values with the use of nanofluids in porous media heat exchanger compared to water
Numerical and experimental analysis of the velocity field of air flowing through swirl diffusers
Authors: Borowski Marek , Karch Michał , Łuczak Rafał , Życzkowski Piotr , Jaszczur Marek
Published: November 2019

The air swirl diffusers are popular for the ceiling level air supply system and have been widely used for Indoor Air Quality. They are nowadays one of the most popular diffusers commonly used in airconditioning systems [1, 2]. The swirl diffusers are intended to use in low- and medium-pressure ventilation systems. They allow for obtaining the swirl airflow and are especially recommended to use in spaces with the height from 3m up to 12m, where heating and cooling is performed by the ventilation system and where the exact setting of supply air velocity is important [3-6]. In the case of swirl diffusers,fluid flow is usually significantly influenced by the characteristics of different diffuser designs. In the ventilation system design phase, a typically focus on ventilation effectiveness and takes into account a large number of parameter. However, the discrepancy between design and practice are often experienced mainly because operating conditions don’t correspond to the designing conditions [7-9]. Inthis work, the airflow of swirl diffuser has been studied using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method to analyse the mean airflow and geometry influence on the results. The paper presents a comparison of the results of velocity field measurements using the PIV method and the results obtained by means ofnumerical analysis CFD. Based on the analysis the velocity flow field was evaluated and the range of effective operation of the diffuser have been determined [10].
Effect of the flow velocity on bubble boiling characteristics
Authors: Anatoliy Levin , Polina Khan
Published: November 2019

The present research considers the initial stage of nucleate boiling with high heat fluxes releasing from the technical surface. We show new experimental data on the dynamics of the vapor phasein subcooled water flow in the channel under nonstationary heat release conditions. The heat release dissipation on the heater was performed by passing a controlled three–phase rectified electric current through a tube with a pulse duration of τimp = 60—300 ms with a heating rate of 1000—6000 K/s. We studied the formation dynamics and the structure of the vapor–liquid layer near the heat releasing wall and monitored the temperature state of the wall depending on the parameters of the heater’s flow and the intensity of heating of the cylindrical wall.
Shrinkage induced flow and Free surface evolution during solidification of pure metal
Authors: Monde Aniket D. , Bhattacharya Anirban , Chakraborty Prodyut R.
Published: November 2019

A numerical model is developed to study Shrinkage induced convection and free surface evolution caused by the density difference between the solid and liquid phases during the solidification of pure aluminium. For the analysis, a 2–D rectangular cavity field with aluminium melt undergoing solidification process is considered. Conservation of mass, momentum, and energy are formulated based on volume averaging technique and are solved using the SIMPLER algorithm. The free surface evolution is captured using the Volume of fluid (VOF) method. The proposed model focuses on predicting macro–scale shrinkage induced surface defects during the solidification process.
Investigation Of Forced Convection Heat Transfer From A Heater Mounted Ina Cavity Wall Using Various Nanofluids
Authors: Kanna R. , Sayeed Ahmad Sayed , Venkata Reddy P. , Pon Selvan Chithirai , Tale  , Tale Dawid , Pawel  , Vallati  , Santosh Christopher David
Published: November 2019

Forced convection heat transfer from heater mounted in a cavity wall is investigated to reveal the relation among nanofluid properties. The base fluid is considered as water. The present study is focused on forced convection heat transfer from square heater subject to inflow and outflow inside a squarecavity. The interesting physics will be reported in connection with volume fraction, Reynolds number and nanomaterial properties. It is found that for a particular Reynolds number when nanomaterial is introduced the local heat transfer is increased. The wall attached vortex attributes a constant Nusselt number. It is also noticed that when the heater wall is subject to combination of vortex and main stream fluid results high Nusselt number than heat transfer due to wall attached vortices. Nanofluid results high Nusselt number for the same Reynolds number.
Modelling Drying Kinetics of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens, L.) Larvae
Authors: da Silva Pascoal , Ribeiro Nuno , Coelho Pinheiro Maria Nazaré , Costa Rui
Published: November 2019

Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly) larvae (BSFL) have great potential as new protein source for either feed or food use due to the high content of protein and fat. BSFL may be used in different forms including dried with extended shelf life.

Mathematical models describing dehydration kinetics are useful to optimize BSFL drying conditions. A non-stationary 3D diffusion model, given by Fick's Law was used to describe the moisture depletion inside BSFL during drying. The numerical solution of PDE was obtained with COMSOL Multiphysics assuming simple boundary conditions.

Data were obtained in a drying experiment performed with fresh larvae uniformly laid on a metallic grid in a forced air oven at 80 °C. Five randomly larvae were periodically selected and removed for moisture content determination until equilibrium moisture was reached.

A qualitative good agreement between predictions and data was observed corroborating that the main physical phenomena were considered in the mathematical description. A better quantitave description is expected with the improvement of the boundary condition at larvae surface in the model and the upgrading of the three-dimensional geometry used as domain for the numerical resolution.
Algorithm for calculating hazard areas of a rock massif based on geomechanical data
Authors: Gladyr Andrei , Rasskazov Maksim , Konstantinov Alexander , Tereshkin Andrei
Published: November 2019

Based on the analysis of existing approaches in the prediction of dynamic phenomena of rock pressure, it was established that the basis of most methods is the kinetic concept of the destruction of solids. A team of authors from the Mining Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences has developed a method of geomechanical monitoring of a rock massif state, which consists of analyzing the dynamics of the acoustic active zones formation and predicting the impact hazard based on the established regularities of changes in the geoacoustic activity. This paper proposes an automated method for identifying focal zones, based on preliminary exclusion of background radiation using a non-parametric density estimation method, identifying seismoacoustic active zones by means of probabilistic cluster analysis and parameterizing focal zones by selecting a characteristic ellipsoid.
Effect of bifurcation in physicochemical parameters on outburst hazard of coal seams
Authors: Kiryaeva Tatyana
Published: November 2019

The paper considers interaction between gas-kinetic and physicochemical parameters in coal seams, which conditions coal and gas outbursts. The laboratory and field test data on interaction between geomechanical and physicochemical processes in coal seams are presented for various rank of coals from Kuzbass. The areas of higher coal and methane outburst hazard feature bifurcation in porosity, moisture content and methane absorption of coal from different operating mines in the Kuznetsk, Donets and Lvov–Volyn Basins. Bifurcation consists in the alteration of gradients of these values. At the bifurcation point of these parameters, a coal-and-methane seam can generate a disturbing gas-dynamic impulse sufficient for coal self-destruction. This property explains unexpected nature of coal and gas outbursts.
A Method to Determine Stress-Dependent Filtration Properties of Fractured Porous Rocks by Laboratory Test Data
Authors: Nazarova Larisa , Nazarov Leonid , Golikov Nikita , Skulkin Alexandr
Published: November 2019

Within the dual porosity model the authors develop and theoretically, using synthetic data, substantiate the method for determining mass exchange coefficient and stress-dependent permeability of fractured porous reservoir rocks. The proposed filtration test circuit consists of three sequential measurements of flowrate in a specimen subjected to the varied external stress σ at the inlet fluid pressure P: by standard scheme (Q0) and with plugging of fissures at one (Q1) and at the other end (Q2) of the specimen. The model of the experiment is created, and the analytical solution is obtained for the direct problem on steady-state flow: dependences of Q0, Q1 and Q2 on σ and P. The input data are synthesized by superimposition of multiplicative noise on the exact solution of the direct problem. The synthesized data are used to derive the inversion relations for calculating the permeabilities k1 and k2 of fissures and matrix as well as the mass exchange coefficient by Q0, Q1 and Q2. Using LS method, the dependences k1(σ) and k2(σ) are reconstructed. The numerical experiments reveal low stability of inversion by input data. Thus, it is necessary to perform a cycle of measurements at the increasing input pressure with subsequent averaging of the results.
The specificities of deformations and failures of highly stressed hard rock massifs
Authors: Kozyrev Anatolii , Kasparyan Eduard , Fedotova Iuliia , Kuznetcov Nikolay
Published: November 2019

According to modern concepts, the state of highly stressed hard rock massifs is mostly caused by the effect of gravitational-tectonic stress fields. At that, a probability of brittle rock failure in a dynamic form is very high. Such failures are always accompanied by the significant energy release accumulated during the deformation process. Based on the experimental studies of deformation and failure processes in various types of rock samples from the Kola Peninsula deposits, we have proposed the criteria for classifying rocks as prone to rock bursts. The information for assessing the rock proneness to dynamic failures can be obtained by analysing the strain curve at the pre-peak section when tested on the ordinary presses and testing devices according to the standard methods. If we study the processes of rocks' deformation and energy accumulation under the triaxial loading mode, we can establish the parameters for the occurrence of dynamic failure of rocks. This, in turn, will allow identifying the conditions of such failure in the investigated rocks for a specific mining-engineering situation and, thereby, coming to a scientifically-based prediction of the rocks' proneness to dynamic rock pressure occurrences.
Geodynamic risks of mining in highly stressed rock mass
Authors: Shabarov Arkadiy , Kuranov Anton , Popov Anton , Tsirel Sergey
Published: November 2019

The paper discloses that geological faults and phenomena associated therewith are the main risks of mining. The phenomena of fault activity and specific features of near-fault zones, determining their impact on the stability of mine workings and other man-made objects are discussed in detail. Different sections of faults are classified according to the degree and types of risk. The main attention is paid to the most stressed zones, where the fault is a closely spaced crack in the rock, characterized by specific strength and rock-bump hazard effect. The paper discloses that although mining operations change the stress-strain state of the massif, nonetheless, most of hazardous situations and geodynamic phenomena during excavation occur in tectonically stressed zones that already existed in the massif. In these areas, man-made overload during mining results to the formation of extremely stressed geodynamically hazardous zones. Thus, geodynamic zoning, which includes the identification of faults and block structure, assessment of their activity, as well as reconstruction of the stress-strain state of both the blocks and the near-fault zones, is the key method for assessing risks of geodynamic phenomena.
Ionic Transfer Reactions with Cyclohexadiene-Based Surrogates
Authors: Walker Johannes C. L. , Oestreich Martin
Published: November 2019

A current research program in our laboratory is devoted to the development of cyclohexa-1,4-diene-based surrogates of difficult-to-handle compounds and their application in metal-free ionic transfer reactions. These investigations grew from our interest in silylium ion chemistry and consequently concentrated initially on surrogates of gaseous and explosive hydrosilanes such as Me3SiH and even monosilane (SiH4). Since then, we have expanded the concept to design surrogates of other species including H2, mineral acids (HI and HBr), and hydrocarbons (isobutane and isobutene). This Account summarizes our discoveries in this area to date, describing the challenges we faced along the way and how we combatted them.

1 Introduction

2 Transfer Hydrofunctionalization: Variation of the Electrofuge

3 Transfer Hydrofunctionalization: Variation of the Nucleofuge

4 Transfer Hydrohalogenation Using a Modified Surrogate

5 Surrogate Synthesis

6 Conclusion
A Case Series of Fetal Valproate Syndrome in the Republic of Crimea
Authors: Rybalko Olga Nikolaevna , Kaladze Nikolai Nikolaevich , Sukhareva Irina Alexandrovna , Khoo Ching Soong
Published: November 2019

Valproic acid or valproate is a well-recognized potent teratogen. Antenatal exposure to this drug can cause fetal valproate syndrome (FVS), which is a constellation of distinctive dysmorphic features and congenital malformations. Despite an abundance of reports and registries about this syndrome, there is lack of information from Russia, in particular, the Republic of Crimea. We herein describe two cases of FVS from our registry.
Beyond the Phenotype: A Pediatric Case Series of Seizure and EEG Characteristics in Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome
Authors: Engel Sarah Grace , Bhatia Sonal
Published: November 2019

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a rare genetic syndrome caused by deletion of a portion of the short arm of chromosome 4 (del 4p16.3). Aside from the many phenotypic abnormalities common in WHS, seizures are seen in the vast majority of the patients and are a potentially treatable cause of significant morbidity especially in the younger age group. Currently, however, little information is available regarding the associated seizure phenotypes, electroencephalographic (EEG) features, and seizure/epilepsy outcomes. This case series highlights the seizure phenotypes and EEG findings in three patients with WHS.
Shock wave generation in plasmas at varying magnetic field
Authors: Pakzad H. R. , Eslami Parvin , Javidan Kurosh
Published: November 2019

By considering the continuity, the Navier-Stokes and Poisson's equations in a nonrelativistic framework for plasmas, we study the behavior of small amplitude ion acoustic solitary waves in plasmas under the influence of a varying magnetic field. The result is a nonlinear wave equation which complies with the modified Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation, surprisingly in the absence of thermal pressure or any dissipative effects. We show that the complete set of equations, by considering the varying magnetic field, creates solitary waves which radiate energy during their travel in the medium. An interesting result is the existence of small amplitude localized shock profiles beside the solitary waves. Properties of this solitaire solution are studied by considering different values for the environmental characters.
First principles calculations of intrinsic mobilities in tin-based oxide semiconductors SnO, SnO2, and Ta2SnO6
Authors: Hu Yaoqiao , Hwang Jeongwoon , Lee Yeonghun , Conlin Patrick , Schlom Darrell G. , Datta Suman , Cho Kyeongjae
Published: November 2019

The development of high-performance p-type oxides with high hole mobility and a wide bandgap is critical for the applications of metal oxide semiconductors in vertically integrated CMOS devices [Salahuddin et al., Nat. Electron. 1, 442 (2018)]. Sn2+-based oxides such as SnO and K2Sn2O3 have recently been proposed as high-mobility p-type oxides due to their relatively low effective hole masses, which result from delocalized Sn s-orbital character at the valence band edge. Here, we introduce a promising ternary Sn-O-X compound, Ta2SnO6, which exhibits strong valence band dispersion and a large bandgap. In order to evaluate the performance of this oxide as a p-type semiconductor, we perform first-principles calculations of the phonon-limited room-temperature carrier mobilities in SnO, SnO2, and Ta2SnO6. Electron relaxation time is evaluated, accounting for the scatterings from acoustic deformation potentials and polar optical phonons (POP), within the isotropic and dispersionless approximation. At room temperature, the electron/hole mobilities in a given material (SnO, SnO2, and Ta2SnO6) are found to be limited by POP scattering. SnO2 shows high room-temperature electron mobility of 192 cm2/(V s), while SnO and Ta2SnO6 exhibit impressive hole mobilities, with the upper limit at 60 and 33 cm2/(V s), respectively. We find that carrier effective mass largely accounts for the differences in mobility between these oxides with correspondingly different POP scattering rates. The theoretically predicted intrinsic mobilities of each material will provide the upper limit to the real mobilities for their device applications. Our findings also suggest a necessity of further investigation to identify even higher mobility p-type oxides with smaller hole effective masses.