bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene/Magnesium Hydroxide Composites
Authors: Lee C. H. , Sapuan S. M. , Hassan M. R.
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a study of the mechanical and thermal properties of kenaf fiber (KF) reinforced polypropylene (PP)/magnesium hydroxide (MH) composites. Pure PP samples show low tensile, flexural and flame retardant properties. It was found that KF and MH filler insertion improved the properties of PP composites. The incremental addition of KF fiber between 0 and 20 weight percent in composites results in higher tensile modulus and decomposed mass loss at onset temperature, but lower tensile strength, elongation, flexural strength and onset temperature. Addition of 25 wt% KF produces slightly higher flexural strength. Increasing the volume of MH filler in the composites caused lower strength, tensile modulus and elongation, but higher onset temperature and 2nd peak temperature in thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) testing. Increasing the KF content in the PP matrix resulted in lower mass residue. Increasing the KF content in composites containing MH increased the mass residue at the end of the testing.
Warp-Knitted Fabrics Simulation Using Cardinal Spline and Recursive Rotation Frame
Authors: Zhang Aijun , Li Xinxin , Sha Sha , Jiang Gaoming
Published: November 2018

To realize 3–D simulation of warp-knitted fabrics, this paper proposes a 3–D loop modeling method based on Cardinal spline and recursive rotation frame method. Fabric structure and loop geometry are studied to form a visible lapping detection model and loop geometrical key points obtained according to chain links and yarn arrangements. In this paper, eight points are set for stitched loop and three points for the inlay. To connect all the control points via a curved line to form a knitted loop shape, the Cardinal spline method is adopted because it is simple to calculate and adjustable in radians. A recursive rotation frame is established to calculate the coordinates of the yarn cross section, eliminating the problem of yarn discontinuity caused by excessive rotation of the moving frame. With the 3–D loop modeling method, some specific mesh and spacer structures are simulated to demonstrate applicability.
In-situ Preparation of Nano-calcium Carbonate/Cellulose Fiber Composite and Its Application in Fluff Pulp
Authors: Xu Yongjian , Jiang Chunmei , Duan Chao , Zhang Weipeng
Published: November 2018

Calcium carbonate/cellulose fiber composites combining natural polymers and inorganic particles are promising materials for preparing fluff pulp. In this study, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles were in-situ precipitated on cellulose fiber surfaces to decrease the level of hydrogen bonding. The results showed that nano CaCO3 particles precipitated and dispersed well on the fiber surface. The fluff pulp made from cellulose/CaCO3 modified fibers exhibited high effectiveness in the dry defibration process and good adsorption capacity due to the weak hydrogen bonding. The burst index of the handsheets decreased 31% (based on the ash content of 1.48 wt. %) without compromising the adsorption capacity of the fluff pulp.
Estimating the Dielectric Constant of Cellulose Acetate Fiber Aggregation with Its Components Volume Fraction
Authors: Lv Hanming , Wang Xiaoye , Ma Chongqi , Ma Li
Published: November 2018

For the sake of studying the relationship between dielectric constant (ε) of cellulose acetate fiber aggregation and volume fraction of its compositions (including cellulose acetate fibers, water and oiling agent), the dielectric spectrum of the aggregation was measured in two forms with a Broadband Dielectric Spectrum (BDS) test system- dry cellulose acetate fibers (dry samples) and oiled cellulose acetate fibers (oiled samples). The measurement data show that dielectric constant has a linear correlation with the volume fraction of cellulose acetate fibers and the oiling agent in the aggregation, and has a non-linear correlation with the volume fraction of water in the aggregation. A function between dielectric constant of the cellulose acetate fiber aggregation and volume fraction of the components was fitted with 1stOpt. The function is in close proximity to the measured data.
Dynamic Tests for Energy Absorption by Selected Auxetic Fabrics
Authors: Szurgott Piotr , Klasztorny Marian , Niezgoda Tadeusz , Miedzinska Danuta , Gieleta Roman
Published: November 2018

Experimental dynamic tests for energy absorption by four selected auxetic fabrics were conducted and analyzed. An original test stand was designed, manufactured and attached to a Hopkinson's bar. The energy absorbed by an auxetic curtain was expressed in terms of the energy of the maximum elastic deformation of a unit volume along the support line of the witness-plate. A quasi-impulse load was induced using a gas blast under a pressure corresponding to an indoors deflagration explosion of a propane-air mixture in a vented room. The auxetic fabric with the best energy-absorption properties was identified on the basis of the comparative analysis using a reference system with a steel specimen.
Effect of Bicomponent Fibers on Sound Absorption Properties of Multilayer Nonwovens
Authors: Çelikel Dilan Canan , Babaarslan Osman
Published: November 2018

In this study sound absorption properties of multilayer nonwovens with bicomponent fibers have been derived compared with homocomponent fibers. Multilayer nonwovens obtained by polyester fibers consisted of three layers. The top and bottom layers were spunbonded nonwoven and middle layer was meltblown nonwoven sandwiched between them. Each layer was produced separately to compose unbonded three-layered nonwoven structures. Four different spunbonded nonwoven fabrics having a basis weight of 40 gsm made from four different polyester cross-sectional fibers (homocomponent round and trilobal, bicomponent round and trilobal). Five different meltblown nonwoven fabrics having five different basis weights ranging 100 gsm to 200 gsm were made from polyester round cross-sectional fibers. Spunbonded/ Meltblown/ Spunbonded (SMS) type unbonded multilayer nonwovens had basis weights ranging 180 gsm to 280 gsm. The effect of basis weight on sound absorption performance of multilayer nonwovens has been evaluated in the study. All results have been analyzed statistically. Results show that three-layered nonwoven structures including bicomponent fibers as outer layers had better sound absorption performance than nonwoven structures including homocomponent fibers. This effect becomes more significant as the basis weight increases, resulting insound absorption coefficients.
A Novel Eco-Friendly Scouring and Bleaching Technique of Flax Rove Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid
Authors: Zhang Juan , Zheng Huanda , Zheng Laijiu
Published: November 2018

A novel eco-friendly scouring and bleaching technique for flax rove was developed using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. Effects of system temperature, pressure, time, and carbon dioxide flow on the scouring and bleaching properties of flax rove were investigated. The results showed that low residual gum content and significant improvements in whiteness of the flax rove were obtained. The residual gum content and the whiteness were affected by the system temperature, pressure, time and fluid flow. An optimized scouring and bleaching procedure for flax rove was found at a temperature of 120°C, a pressure of 28 MPa, a time of 120 min, and a fluid flow of 30 g/min in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid. In addition, surface morphology and breaking strength of processed flax rove were also evaluated and compared to those properties of the original flax rove samples.
Bicomponent Fiber Extraction Process for Textile Applications
Authors: Mooney Philip , Shearer John , Mead Joey , Barry Carol , Truong Quoc , Welsh Elizabeth A. , Pang Richard , Zukas Walter , Stenhouse Peter , Brown Philip , Hoffman Nicole
Published: November 2018

Tailoring surface properties is important for military applications such as uniforms, shelters, and personal protective equipment. Unique superomniphobic structures for self-cleaning textiles can be created with bi-component fibers. In this work bicomponent fibers were melt extruded using an extractable polymer as one of the two components. Using water to extract the soluble component, fibers with unique core designs were created. The extraction behavior was found to be dependent on temperature, component fraction, and residence time. A continuous extraction process was designed and evaluated for the creation of superomniphobic fibers in a continuous process.
Performance of Knitted Fabrics Finished with Different Silicone Softeners
Authors: Badr Alaa Arafa
Published: November 2018

Silicone softeners make fabric soft, brilliant, greasy and more elastic, resulting is acceptable handle. In this research work, the effect of using different silicone softeners on pilling resistance and on some physical and mechanical properties of knitted fabrics was evaluated. Industrially applied silicone softeners of three different types (macro, semi-micro, micro) were used on fabrics knitted from different fiber materials (Egyptian cotton, Tencel LF, Tencel STD, bamboo, Modal and Micro-modal). The influence of using different silicone softeners on fabric pilling resistance, seam hole, air permeability, color strength, fastness to rubbing in wet and dry states and fastness to washing was investigated. Results have shown that the pilling performance of micro-modal fabrics finished with micro silicone is better than those finished with macro silicone. The higher number of fibers per cross-section for the micro modal yarns creates weak bonds between micromodal fibers and macro silicone particles. The macro silicone fabric has the greatest air permeability, while the micro silicone reduces the porosity of the yarn and increases air resistance. The macro silicone softener method has more fastness to color than the other finishing methods investigated.
The Mechanical Properties of UHMWPE Fiber-Knitted Composites
Authors: Li Cuiyu , Wang Gaopan , Jia Jingyan , Zhang Rui , Shi Yameng
Published: November 2018

UHMWPE fiber weft-knitted fabric was modified using a VARTM liquid oxidation molding process. The matrix was epoxy resin. The layer was prepared with vertical symmetry by knitting composite layers 10 and 16 with the unmodified and modified plain weft-knitted fabric of the composite using the two-layer blessing method. Three-point unconstrained bearings were used to conduct tensile and bending tests, and tensile stress-strain curves were obtained using Origin software. Finally, the modification results were observed using a TM3030 scanning electric microscope (SEM). The SEM results reveal longitudinal notches on the treated fiber surface, which improved the interface adhesion to the resin. However, the single yarn strength was reduced by approximately one fifth. After the modification, the knitted fabric's maximum tensile strength increased by 37.7%, and the maximum tensile strength increased by 46.35 percent. The maximum bending force increased by 37.3–53%, and the maximum bending load increased by 53.3–62 percent.
Preparation and Properties of Split Microfiber Synthetic Leather
Authors: Zhao Baobao , Qian Yao , Qian Xiaoming , Fan Jintu , Liu Fan , Duo Yongchao
Published: November 2018

A split microfiber synthetic leather using split microfiber nonwoven as the base and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coating as the polymer coating was prepared by a dry transfer-coating method. First, the nylon/polyester (N/P) split microfiber nonwoven was manufactured, and the structure and properties were investigated. FESEM analysis indicated fiber diameter size was between 2.2~5.5 μm, and performance attaributes met the demands of textiles-nonwovens for synthetic leather. Then the effect of coating-forming temperature, foaming agent concentration and foaming ratio on the structure and performance of WPU coatings were systematically studied. Finally, the structure and properties of the split microfiber synthetic leather were analyzed. The results showed that the split microfiber synthetic leather arranged in a three-layer configuration, and its air permeability, tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, peeling strength and creasy recovery angle were better than knitted synthetic leather and real leather.
Binding Property Evaluation of Low Melting Point Filaments with Conventional Filaments in Weft-Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Lin Qiaoqiao , Jiang Jiali , Xu Shuangxi , Chen Yueping , Hu Yuanchao , Wang Xiuhua
Published: November 2018

In this paper, low melting point polyamide (LMPA) filaments and low melting point polyethylene terephthalate (LMPET) filaments were blended with conventional filaments, including polyamide (PA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP), to prepare weft-knitted fabrics. The binding properties of low the melting point filaments in weft-knitted fabrics after heat treatment were investigated by testing mechanical properties and observing the morphology. The effect of heat treatment on the binding properties of the low melting point filaments is discussed. Tensile stress at small deformations and Young's moduli of all fabrics increased and then decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature or time. Thus, an optimal heat treatment process is obtained. LMPA/PA fabric shows better binding properties than LMPET/PET fabric. Both are better than other fabrics considered in this study. This could lead to commercial application of these fabrics.
Formation of Surface Morphology in Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Fibers during Wet-Spinning
Authors: Wang Yu , Tong Yuanjian , Zhang Bowen , Su Hua , Xu Lianghua
Published: November 2018

The effects of concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the coagulation bath, draw ratio and extrusion speed on surface roughness of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers prepared by wet spinning and dry-jet wet spinning were investigated. The surface roughness was much higher for PAN fibers produced by wet spinning than dry-jet wet spinning. The surface roughness of the fiber increased linearly with increasing concentration of DMSO in the coagulation bath. Higher roughness was observed at higher draw ratios during spinning. The surface roughness of the PAN fibers decreased initially until at 90m/h, then increased with further increases in extrusion speed. A mechanism for formation of PAN fiber surface morphology based on deformation of the soft skins of single fibers during solidification of PAN/DMSO solution caused by stress perpendicular to the fiber axis is proposed. The stress results from recovery of the aligned PAN macromolecules due to shear in the spinneret during extrusion.
A Study of the Mechanical Behavior and Crystal Structure of UHMWPE/HDPE Blend Fibers Prepared by Melt Spinning
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Lichao , Xue Ping , Jia Mingyin , Sun Hua
Published: November 2018

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blend fibers with the highest tensile strength of 1.13 GPa were prepared by a melt spinning process. The crystal structure and mechanical behavior of the as-spun filaments and fibers were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), sound velocity orientation test and tensile strength test. The results suggested that the degree of molecular chain orientation, crystallinity and mechanical properties of the blend fibers were improved by blending with the low melt flow index (MFI) HDPE. The crystal grains of low MFI HDPE blend fibers that were formed by more highly oriented molecular chains could be stretched more effectively in the drawing direction, and the improved mechanical properties were due to the more regular and compact crystal structure.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Aluminum Sputtered Fabrics
Authors: Han Hye Ree , Park Yaewon , Yun Changsang , Park Chung Hee
Published: November 2018

Al was sputtered onto four substrates: nylon, polyester, cotton/polyester, and shape memory polyurethane nanoweb, and the heat-transfer characteristics of the resultant materials were investigated by surface temperature measurements. The thickness of the Al layer increased linearly with sputtering time. The heat-transfer mechanisms of the multilayer systems in terms of conduction, convection, and radiation were investigated under steady-state conditions using a hot plate as a heat source in contact with Al-sputtered fabrics. The Al-sputtered fabric was placed on the hot plate, which was maintained at 35°C, and exposed to open air, which was maintained at 15°C. The temperatures of the air-facing surfaces of hot plate-Al-fabric-air (i.e., Al-phase-down) and hot plate-fabric-Al-air (i.e., Al-phase-up) systems were used to investigate the heat-transfer mechanism. It was found that heat dissipation to ambient air was much higher for the Al-phase-up system than for the Al-phase-down system. Heat-transfer coefficients of the Al surfaces were calculated and found to increase with the thickness of the Al layer. Furthermore, different conductive thermal resistances were observed for different fabrics prepared with the same Al-sputtering time. Consequently, differences in their thicknesses pore sizes, and thermal conductivities were suggested to have significant effects on their heat-transfer properties.
Woven and Nonwoven Medical/Surgical Materials
Authors: Parikh D. V. , Calamari T.A. , Sawhney A.P.S. , Sachinvala N.D. , Goynes W.R. , Hemstreet J.M. , Von Hoven T.
Published: November 2018

The physical characteristics and performance attributes of absorbent gauze and spunlaced nonwovens used for medical/surgical applications are reviewed. Because the manufacturing lines for spunlacing are versatile and highly productive, nonwoven products from this process are highly engineered and may have superior performance characteristics relative to gauze products. Dressings made from spunlaced materials are rapidly gaining in the wound care products market, which was once exclusive to woven gauze. A few microscopic images and SEM photomicrographs of a gauze made with two dissimilar technologies are included to show structural differences between the two, which otherwise are difficult to detect visually.
Experimental Study of the Meltblowing Process
Authors: Yin Hong , Yan Zanyao , Bresee Randall R.
Published: November 2018

High-speed digital imaging techniques and web measurements were used to investigate the meltblowing (MB) process. We evaluated fiber diameter, fiber orientation, fiber entanglement, fiber velocity and fiber acceleration between the die and collector. Three processing variables were studied: primary air pressure, die-to-collector distance and collector surface speed. Although results of this investigation are somewhat preliminary, they provide fundamental information about the MB process and increase our understanding of it.

Introduction Meltblowing (MB) is a fast, chaotic and complicated process. These features make it difficult to study the MB process theoretically as well as experimentally and most researchers have simply studied the effects of resin and process variables on web structure or web properties.

Some researchers, however, have reported on-line measurements during MB [1–9]. Bansal and Shambaugh measured fiber temperature during single-hole MB using an infrared camera [1]. Wu and Shambaugh measured fiber velocity using laser Doppler velocimetry during single-hole MB [2].

Shambaugh and others reported experimental measurements of fiber motion and fiber diameter using a single-hole die [1–7]. Multiple-exposed photographs using conventional film were produced with a strobe light in a dark room to study fiber motion and single-exposed photographs were used to estimate fiber diameter. The exposure duration of the strobe light (50 μs), however, was not short enough to eliminate image blur and obtain sharp images so the primary air velocity used during MB was low (17–55 m/s).

Milligan and Utsman used a similar film-based photographic technique to investigate MB using a 30-hole die [8]. Bresee and Yan used a video imaging technique to investigate the dynamics of web formation at the collector of a 600-hole MB line [9].

Measurements of the dynamics between the die and collector of a high-speed commercial-like MB process would be expected to be especially desirable for understanding MB. To directly observe dynamic motions during this fast process, it is necessary to use a short exposure time to freeze motion in each image and a high framing rate to resolve fast fiber motions. We used a high-speed digital camera from Vision Research Inc. to acquire images as rapidly as 1,000 frames/s. The camera produced image frames with a spatial resolution as great as 512×512 pixels and 8-bit gray level resolution (256 gray levels). Electronic shuttering of the camera provided exposure times as short as 50 μs/frame. To obtain exposure times shorter than 50 μs or to obtain multiple-exposed images, a high-speed pulsed laser from Oxford Lasers, Inc. was used for illumination. The laser produced 100 watt peak power at 805 nm and pulse durations as short as 1 μs were synchronized with the camera.
Development of Thermal Insulation for Textile Wet Processing Machinery Using Needlepunched Nonwoven Fabrics
Authors: Grewal Randeep S. , Banks-Lee Pamela
Published: November 2018

In textile manufacturing, many fiber manufacturing, dyeing and finishing processes require temperatures in the range of 100oC to 200oC. A substantial amount of energy is needed to produce the desired temperature, and part of this energy is wasted when heat from the process escapes to the environment. Many of the processes are batch processes requiring frequent reheating and restarting. Most process equipment is constructed from stainless steel, which is a good conductor of heat. In addition to this, because of the cost involved in installation and regular maintenance of insulation, many manufacturers do not insulate their process equipment.

The heat and moisture loss to the environment makes the manufacturing facilities environmentally uncomfortable for employees. This reduces their productivity and is a health risk. Due to the energy wasted in the textile wet processing industry, there is a need to develop suitable insulating materials specifically for these applications. For commercial applications, both the cost of the insulating material as well as its effectiveness, ease of installation and durability are important.

Needlepunched fabrics have the potential to meet these demands [1]. Since low density needled felts with good heat blocking capacity can be made from durable fibers, they are ideal for heat insulation applications [1,2]. This research focuses on identifying suitable fibers and the manufacturing technology which will yield the desired results. After testing of prepared samples, the data was analyzed to determine the fabric and fiber parameters which influence heat transfer. An economic analysis was also conducted to optimize both cost and effectiveness.

The important factors contributing to the transfer of heat through needlepunched nonwoven fabrics were found to be the bulk density of the batt and the surface area of the fibers. Incorporation of low denier fibers (meltblown web) in the needlepunched structure led to a significant decrease in the apparent thermal conductivity of the batt. A cost analysis of this insulation (incorporating the meltblown web) determined the optimum thickness of such an insulation to be 10.1 mm.
Prevalence of a Septated First Dorsal Compartment Among Patients With and Without De Quervain Tenosynovitis: An In Vivo Anatomical Study
Authors: Beutel Bryan G. , Doscher Matthew E. , Melone Charles P.
Published: November 2018

Background: The reported prevalence of a subcompartment housing the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendon within the first dorsal compartment varies widely in the literature, especially regarding the rates of occurrence between genders and among those with and without De Quervain. Based on direct intraoperative observation, we hypothesized that the prevalence of a septated compartment is far greater than previously reported, particularly in those with De Quervain disease. Methods: A prospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent first dorsal compartment release was carried out. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with De Quervain tenosynovitis (“De Quervain” group) and a control cohort without a primary diagnosis of De Quervain (“non–De Quervain” group). The intraoperative findings of a single compartment or a separate subcompartment were recorded. The prevalence of a septated compartment was calculated and compared between genders and both patient groups. Results: A total of 102 consecutive patients were included, with a female predominance (74.5%). Overall, 79.4% of patients had a separate subcompartment for the EPB. In the De Quervain cohort, 89.1% had 2 compartments, while 71.4% of non–De Quervain patients had a subcompartment. Men and women had a similar rate of double compartments (80% and 82.4%, respectively). Conclusions: The prevalence of a septated first dorsal compartment is considerably higher than previously reported, most notably in patients afflicted with De Quervain tenosynovitis. This higher rate of septation occurs with a similar prevalence in both men and women. Owing to its consistent presence, the dual first dorsal compartment should be regarded as an expectant anatomical component of the normal wrist.
Investigation on the neurophysiological correlates of similarity cognition of digital interface color and layout
Authors: Niu Ya-feng , Xie Yi , Xue Cheng-qi , Wang Hai-yan , Tang Wen-zhe , Guo Qi , Jin Tao
Published: November 2018

To investigate and compare the common features and differences of the cognitive processes, during which interfaces with diverse similarities are evaluated, this article chose the color code and layout forms of digital interface to carry out further research. The study adopted the visual Oddball experimental paradigm that was based on the event-related potential technique and integrated the behavioral and event-related potential data to analyze the neural features of the cognitive process when two coding forms were individually processed. The result reveals that there were P300 components, elicited by the target stimuli, in both of the two experiment sessions. The average amplitude of P300 positively correlates the similarities between the target and standard stimuli, with its latency positively correlating the overall complexity of the stimuli. In the color experiment session, there was apparent visual mismatching negativity around 200 ms after the present of the target, which is related with the early attention. The empirical significance of conclusions drawn in this study is listed as follows: first, it can help to effectively evaluate the usability of guiding features in the digital interfaces through the investigation on visual mismatching negativity elicited in the early attention process; second, the amplitude and latency of the P300 component can be applied in the evaluation and filtering of design schemes, which is based on the similarities perceived in the iterative process and this would enhance efficiency of user interface designers.
Overcoming language barriers to citizenship: Predictors of adult immigrant satisfaction with language training programme in Sweden
Authors: Reichenberg Monica , Berhanu Girma
Published: November 2018

The Scandinavian countries currently face their largest ever wave of immigration. The immigration wave increases the need for immigrants to learn the host language to be able to participate in work life and become a citizen of the host country. Yet, the language training programmes – ‘Swedish for Immigrants’ in Sweden have come under great criticism for inefficiency. But now, surveys have been carried out with the adult immigrants taking part in the language training programmes. Consequently, the purpose of the present study is to identify predictors of adult immigrant students’ attitudes towards language learning at the training programmes in Sweden. Using survey data collected from adult immigrants participating in the language training programmes, we conduct a series of ordinary least squares regressions. We report that the majority of immigrant students are satisfied with the language programmes. Our findings indicate that satisfaction seems to be due to variables such as level of education, age at arrival, and language exposure through social networks but not to socioeconomic status or sex.
Christian Spiritual Formation in the Classical School
Authors: Miller Matthew R. , Beazley JohnMark Bennett
Published: November 2018

Classical Christian education has ancient roots in the Christian church. In recent days, Christians have attempted to recover this classical tradition. Many cite the intellectual rigor vis-à-vis public schools as the reason for choosing classical Christian education. However, intellectual rigor is only one part of the classical tradition. More importantly, classical Christian education seeks to develop morally upright Christians. This education forms the character of Christians so that they may live faithfully in the world. This article describes how classical Christian education works at Highlands Latin School in Louisville, KY. Specifically, the implementation of the classical curriculum in middle school Latin and Greek courses is addressed with an eye toward spiritual/moral formation.
Making Disciples of All Nations: Spiritual Formation Education and Training Experience for Chinese Women Leaders
Authors: Russell Patricia , Lewis Doreen , Ro Jackie
Published: November 2018

In 2004, a group of American women were challenged by the vision of designing spiritual formation curricula for women in China who were serving as leaders in their churches. This article describes the highly relational context from which the curricula came, and the premises that informed the design of the curricula based on two series of five retreats each held within fifteen months. In addition, the methods by which the curricula are regularly evaluated in order to meet the current needs of the women in China are described. The results have been ongoing use of the curricula since 2007 with documented positive effect upon the women of China, samples of which are included in the article. The curricula will continue to be in use in China and in other Asian nations as opportunity presents itself.
Histopathologic Features of Chronic Sinusitis Precipitated by Odontogenic Infection
Authors: Raman Anish , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Kuhar Hannah N. , Gattuso Paolo , Batra Pete S. , Tajudeen Bobby A.
Published: November 2018

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease process that can arise in the context of odontogenic disease from the maxillary teeth. The histopathologic features of odontogenic CRS (CRSo) have yet to be determined and may have important implications on disease management and need for escalation of therapy.

Objectives

The objectives of this study are to characterize the histopathologic features of CRSo and determine whether the inflammatory profile of CRSo contributes to its recalcitrance to medical therapy and need for surgery in a subset of patients with this disease.

Methods

A structured histopathology report was used to analyze sinus tissue removed during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Histopathology variables, Lund–Mackay scores (LMS), and Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 scores were compared among CRSo patients, CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) patients, and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients.

Results

Twenty-three CRSo, 38 CRSwNP, and 53 CRSsNP patients who underwent FESS were analyzed. Compared to CRSsNP, CRSo exhibited increased moderate–severe inflammation (73.9% vs 41.5%, P < .009). Compared to CRSwNP, CRSo had decreased squamous metaplasia (0.0% vs 18.4%, P < .03) and decreased fibrosis (26.1% vs 63.2%, P < .005). Eosinophilia was prevalent in CRSo but to a lesser extent than in CRSwNP (39.1% vs 63.2%, P < .05). CRSo cases had significantly lower mean LMS compared to CRSwNP (7.83 ± 2.77 vs12.18 ± 6.77, P < .005).

Conclusion

CRSo exhibits histopathologic features similar to those of CRSsNP with more severe inflammation. Moreover, eosinophilia, which is not typically considered to coexist with CRSo, was present in a large portion of CRSo patients. These findings may help explain at the inflammatory level why select cases of CRSo may be recalcitrant to medical and dental therapy.
Large adipose tissue generation in a mussel-inspired bioreactor of elastic–mimetic cryogel and platelets
Authors: Chang Qiang , Cai Junrong , Wang Ying , Yang Ruijia , Xing Malcolm , Lu Feng
Published: November 2018

Soft tissue generation, especially in large tissue, is a major challenge in reconstructive surgery to treat congenital deformities, posttraumatic repair, and cancer rehabilitation. The concern is along with the donor site morbidity, donor tissue shortage, and flap necrosis. Here, we report a dissection-free adipose tissue chamber–based novel guided adipose tissue regeneration strategy in a bioreactor of elastic gelatin cryogel and polydopamine-assisted platelet immobilization intended to improve angiogenesis and generate large adipose tissue in situ. In order to have matched tissue mechanics, we used 5% gelatin cryogel as growth substrate of bioreactor. Platelets from the platelet-rich plasma were then immobilized onto the gelatin cryogel with the aid of polydopamine to form a biomimetic bioreactor (polydopamine/gelatin cryogel/platelet). Platelets on the substrate led to a sustained high release in both platelet-derived growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor compared with non-polydopamine-assisted group. The formed bioreactor was then transferred to a tissue engineering chamber and then inserted above inguinal fat pad of rats without flap dissection. This integrate strategy significantly boomed the vessel density, stimulated cellular proliferation, and upregulated macrophage infiltration. There was a noticeable rise in the expression of dual-angiogenic growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor) in chamber fluid; host cell migration and host fibrous protein secretion coordinated with gelatin cryogel degradation. The regenerated adipose tissue volume gained threefold larger than control group (p < 0.05) with less fibrosis tissue. These results indicate that a big well-vascularized three-dimensional mature adipose tissue can be regenerated using elastic gel, polydopamine, platelets, and small fat tissue.
Imatinib for right heart failure in COPD
Authors: Douschan Philipp , Kovacs Gabor , Foris Vasile , Kuehnelt‐Leddihn Maria , Olschewski Horst
Published: November 2018

Severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) is rare in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary arterial hypertension drugs are vasodilators and may cause severe side effects in these patients. Hence, they are not recommended except in right heart failure on an individual basis. Imatinib, a tyrosine‐kinase‐inhibitor, has no direct vasodilator effects but significantly improved hemodynamics and exercise capacity in PAH but its use was associated with an increased risk for subdural hematomas in anticoagulated patients. We report on a COPD patient with right heart failure who did not recover with a phosphodiesterase‐5‐inhibitor or a soluble‐guanylate‐cyclasestimulator alone but with imatinib as add‐on therapy. After one year of treatment, pulmonary vascular resistance (10.8 WU to 2.9 WU), NT‐proBNP (4144 pg/mL to 363 pg/mL), and symptoms (WHO FC IV to III, 6MWD bedridden to 303 m) improved without major side effects. Imatinib may be a therapy option in patients with severe PH due to lung disease and right heart failure where other drugs have failed.
By the Way . . . the Last-Minute International Traveler
Authors: Sandal Candace
Published: November 2018

Evidence has consistently revealed international travelers are increasing in numbers every year as more folks travel for business, pleasure, humanitarian reasons, and medical tourism. Clinicians who consistently counsel travelers are well acquainted with the last-minute traveler who would benefit from a travel health assessment, vaccine administration, and health and safety information to manage travel-related issues while en route and upon arrival. Instruction in travel emergencies and packing tips, with advice to be able to address common travel issues associated health matters, are important strategies for the traveler to understand and better navigate his or her journey. To also serve the traveler are two excellent mobile apps from the Centers for Disease Control, free to the traveler, that are designed to contain travel and vaccine documents and to provide guidance in choosing foods and beverages while abroad. The occupational health nurse’s role is to support and reassure the traveler. Even at the last minute, travel health risks can be significantly reduced by the traveler obtaining vaccines and observing healthy practices.
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Hammond Stephanie , Phillips Jennan A.
Published: November 2018

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a serious and life-threatening event. Educating workers and communities on exposure sources, symptoms, and prevention is an important role for occupational health nurses.
Parametrial endometriosis with ureteral involvement: A case report of a conservative approach without ureteral resection
Authors: Donarini Paolo , Ciravolo Giuseppe , Rampinelli Fabio , Odicino Franco , Ferrari Federico Giorgio , Sartori Enrico
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Parametrial endometriosis could often involve the ureter and periureteral tissue causing hydronephrosis and distortion of the normal ureteral course and position. The treatment in the case of hydronephrosis could be ureterolysis (with or without the positioning of a stent) or a ureteral resection.

Materials and methods:

This is the case of left parametrial endometriosis with hydronephrosis in a young woman. The preoperative work-up showed a deep infiltrating endometriosis of the left parametria, the left uterosacral ligament, and the left ureter which caused hydronephrosis. The patient was symptomatic (dysmenorrhea, dysuria, and pelvic pain). In this video, we focused on ureterolysis: all the endometriotic tissues were removed, the ureter was completely released, and the decision was to place a stent in the ureter without ureteral resection.

Results:

The post-operative course was normal, the stent was changed after 1 week (from mono-J to double-J) and removed 1 month after surgery. Follow-up at 3 and 8 months after stent removal was normal, and renal function was normal. The last follow-up, after 13 months, showed no hydronephrosis, no signs of deep infiltrating endometriosis, and normal renal function. The patient continues with oral contraception.

Conclusion:

Ureterolysis could be an effective alternative to ureteral resection in cases of deep infiltrating endometriosis even when the ureter is involved with hydronephrosis.
Nerve fibre infiltration and expression in peritoneal lesions of endometriosis in a nonhuman primate model of endometriosis
Authors: Manconi Frank , Fazleabas Asgi T , Markham Robert , Fraser Ian S
Published: November 2018

Baboon ( Papio anubis) models of endometriosis are thought to mimic the early stages of spontaneous human peritoneal endometriotic disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and course of nerve fibre ingrowth during peritoneal lesion formation in specimens collected at 3 months (early stage of lesion development) and 15 months (late stage of lesion development) after disease initiation compared to pelvic peritoneum (control). Five-micron sections of paraffin-embedded peritoneal lesions were obtained from normally cycling baboons with 3-month (n = 12), 15-month (n = 12) induced endometriosis and pelvic peritoneum (n = 10) from baboons with no endometriosis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with specific antibodies: protein gene product 9.5 – broad marker of nerve fibres and neurones, neuropeptide Y – sympathetic neurones, substance P – sensory neurones, vasoactive intestinal peptide – parasympathetic neurones, nerve growth factor – development of new neurones and high-affinity receptor for nerve growth factor (tropomyosin receptor kinase A) – neuronal differential. Significantly, more nerve fibres were identified in peritoneal endometriotic lesions collected 15 months after the initiation of experimental protocols compared with 3-month and control samples (p < 0.001). Nerve fibres were immunoreactive for all the tested markers – protein gene product 9.5, neuropeptide Y, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, nerve growth factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase A – indicating the presence of different types of nerve fibres. In conclusion, peritoneal lesions of endometriosis in a nonhuman primate model of endometriosis were found to be progressively and spontaneously innervated by both myelinated and unmyelinated sensory nerve fibres, parasympathetic and sympathetic neurones. These nerve fibres may play an important role in the mechanisms of pain generation in this condition.
PATIENT: A Tool to Assist in Creating a Patient-Centered Team Approach to Health-Care Delivery: Lessons From a Physician Patient
Authors: Ashdown Lynn C
Published: November 2018

Working as a physician, I believed that health care was patient focused and that patients were active participants in their own care. A few years ago, I started a lengthy and complex journey of my own as a patient, whereby I was awakened to the fact that the health-care system does not value the patient voice nor are they included in their care. I found myself having a unique perspective, whereby I understood health-care delivery from my work as a physician; but I also understood now the patient’s perspective in great detail. I know that the patient’s voice is an invaluable asset in health care. Knowing what I now know, I have begun giving presentations about the patient experience to health-care professionals. I developed the acronym ‘PATIENT,’ to educate health-care professionals with the necessary tools to help evolve health-care delivery to the patient-centered team approach.
A Third Musketeer on the ER: MOSPD2 is a Novel VAP-related Receptor for FFAT Motifs
Authors: Di Mattia Thomas , Tomasetto Catherine , Alpy Fabien
Published: November 2018

Interorganelle membrane contact sites are subcellular structures that favor exchange and communication inside the cell. Such microdomains are built by molecular bridges that create a physical connection between two distinct organelles. The field of contact sites is now flourishing with discoveries of new tethering molecules. In that context, we identified by an unbiased proteomic approach a novel scaffold protein named MOtile SPerm Domain-containing protein 2 (MOSPD2). MOSPD2 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein that is able to interact with several organelle-bound proteins that possess a small motif, named FFAT (two phenylalanines in an acidic tract). Consequently, we showed that MOSPD2 and its protein partners build contacts between the ER and endosomes, mitochondria, or Golgi. These findings highlight a new way for docking organelles on the ER.
Antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance in Poland; findings and implications
Authors: Wojkowska-Mach Jadwiga , Godman Brian , Glassman Amanda , Kurdi Amanj , Pilc Andrzej , Rozanska Anna , Skoczyński Szymon , Wałaszek Marta , Bochenek Tomasz
Published: November 2018

Background

The problem of inappropriate use of antibiotics and the resulting growth in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has implications for Poland and the world. The objective of this paper was to compare and contrast antibiotic resistance and antibiotic utilisation in Poland in recent years versus other European countries, including agreed quality indicators, alongside current AMR patterns and ongoing policies and initiatives in Poland to influence and improve antibiotic prescribing.

Methods

A quantitative ten-year analysis (2007–2016) of the use of antibiotics based on European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) data combined with a literature review on AMR rates and antimicrobial stewardship initiatives.

Results

The system of monitoring AMR and appropriate strategies to address AMR rates remain underdeveloped in Poland. The role of microbiological diagnostics and efforts to prevent infections is currently underestimated by physicians. Overall, Poland had one of the highest rates of total consumption of antibiotics in the analysed European countries. Total consumption of antibacterials for systemic use and relative consumption of beta-lactamase sensitive penicillins were characterized by small but statistically significant average annual increases between 2007 and 2016 (from 22.2 DIDs to 23.9 DIDs and from 0.8 to 1.3%, respectively).

Conclusions

The integrated activities around appropriate antibiotic prescribing in the pre- and post-graduate training of physicians and dentists seem to be particularly important, as well as changes in policies on prescribing antibiotics within ambulatory care. AMR and appropriate prescribing of antibiotics should be the focus of health policy actions in Poland.
Establishing an Antifungal Program to Reduce Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Induction and Reinduction Chemotherapy
Authors: Morris Amy L. , Naeem Mohammed , Murray Torey , Sen Jeremy , Thomas Tanya , Daniels Elizabeth , DeGregory Kathlene , Lewis Jessica , Keng Michael
Published: November 2018

Purpose:

Twenty percent of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing induction or reinduction chemotherapy at the University of Virginia Health System from May 2011 to August 2014 had a proven or probable invasive fungal infection (IFI). The purpose of our initiative was to reduce the percentage of proven or probable IFIs in patients with AML undergoing induction or reinduction chemotherapy at the University of Virginia Health System to 10% or less by June 2017, in concordance with national averages.

Methods:

A multidisciplinary team was formed to lead the comprehensive quality improvement (QI) initiative. The team generated both current process state and ideal process state workflow diagrams, a cause-and-effect diagram, and a Pareto diagram to determine the most relevant etiology for proven or probable IFIs in patients with AML undergoing induction or reinduction chemotherapy.

Results:

Analysis led to the creation of a program standardizing antifungal prophylaxis in this patient population, along with a suggested work-up for recalcitrant fevers. Through two tests of change (Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles 1 and 2), the QI initiative was able to effectively reduce the proven or probable IFI rate to 0% since program implementation in August 2016, thus surpassing both QI initiative goals and national rates of IFI. Mean length of stay (LOS) decreased by 3.4 days, and median intensive care unit LOS decreased by 2 days.

Conclusion:

Creation of a standardized antifungal prophylaxis program led to a marked decrease in LOS and the proven or probable IFI rate of patients with AML undergoing induction or reinduction chemotherapy.