bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of Carvacrol Attenuates Hippocampal Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Level, Oxidative Stress, and Learning and Memory Dysfunction in Lipopolysaccharide-Exposed Rats
Authors: Amooheydari Zahra , Rajaei Ziba , Alaei Hojjatallah , Esmaeil Nafiseh
Published: April 2022

Background:

Carvacrol is a natural phenolic monoterpene with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioactivities. Neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress responses play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The present study examined the effect of carvacrol on brain tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level and oxidative stress as well as spatial learning and memory performances in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-exposed rats.

Materials and Methods:

The rats were treated with either carvacrol (25 and 50 mg/kg) or Tween 80 for 2 weeks. Thereafter, LPS (1 mg/kg) or saline was intraperitoneally administered on days 15–19, 2 h before Morris water maze task, and treatments with carvacrol or Tween 80 were performed 30 min prior to behavioral testing. The level of TNF-α, lipid peroxidation, and total thiol concentration were measured in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex at the end of the experiment.

Results:

It was found that LPS-exposed rats exhibited spatial learning and memory dysfunction, which was accompanied by increased TNF-α level and lipid peroxidation, and decreased total thiol concentration in the hippocampus and/or cortex. Moreover, treatment with carvacrol at a dose of 25 mg/kg attenuated learning and memory impairments, decreased TNF-α and lipid peroxidation level in the hippocampus and cortex, and increased total thiol concentration in the cortex.

Conclusion:

Carvacrol exerts neuroprotective effects against LPS-induced spatial memory deficits through attenuating hippocampal TNF-α level and oxidative stress in rats.
Evaluation of Relative Abundance of Lymphedema after Reverse Axillary Mapping in Patients with Breast Cancer
Authors: Eshraghi Samani Reza , Ebrahimi Hossein , Rafiee Zadeh Aryan , Safaee Masoumeh
Published: April 2022

Background:

The axillary reverse mapping (ARM) technique identifies and preserves arm nodes during sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of lymphedema following ARM.

Materials and Methods:

This is a clinical trial that was performed in 2019-2020 in Isfahan on patients with breast cancer in the early stages. Demographic and initial information of all cases including age and body mass index (BMI) was collected. Patients were then underwent SLNB ± ALND associated with ARM and were followed up for lymphedema every 6 months to a year. The occurrence of lymphedema was assessed.

Results:

By evaluating data of 102 patients, we found that 10 patients (9.8%) had lymphedema and patients with lymphedema had significantly higher age (P = 0.004), higher BMI (P = 0.001), larger tumor size (P = 0.018), and longer surgery duration (P < 0.001). The frequency of menopausal women was higher in patients with lymphedema compared to other cases (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of lymphedema was high among patients undergoing ARM that was associated with factors including higher age, higher BMI, prolonged surgery duration, larger tumor size, and menopause. We believe that further comparative studies should be conducted on this issue.
A classification of genes involved in normal and delayed male puberty
Authors: Akram Maleeha , Rizvi Syed Shakeel Raza , Qayyum Mazhar , Handelsman David J
Published: April 2022

Puberty is a pivotal biological process that completes sexual maturation to achieve full reproductive capability. It is a major transformational period of life, whose timing is strongly affected by genetic makeup of the individual, along with various internal and external factors. Although the exact mechanism for initiation of the cascade of molecular events that culminate in puberty is not yet known, the process of pubertal onset involves interaction of numerous complex signaling pathways of hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis. We developed a classification of the mechanisms involved in male puberty that allowed placing many genes into physiological context. These include (i) hypothalamic development during embryogenesis, (ii) synaptogenesis where gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons form neuronal connections with suprahypothalamic neurons, (iii) maintenance of neuron homeostasis, (iv) regulation of synthesis and secretion of GnRH, (v) appropriate receptors/proteins on neurons governing GnRH production and release, (vi) signaling molecules activated by the receptors, (vii) the synthesis and release of GnRH, (viii) the production and release of gonadotropins, (ix) testicular development, (x) synthesis and release of steroid hormones from testes, and (xi)the action of steroid hormones in downstream effector tissues. Defects in components of this system during embryonic development, childhood/adolescence, or adulthood may disrupt/nullify puberty, leading to long-term male infertility and/or hypogonadism. This review provides a list of 598 genes involved in the development of HPT axis and classified according to this schema. Furthermore, this review identifies a subset of 75 genes for which genetic mutations are reported to delay or disrupt male puberty.
Age-related changes for the predictors of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Chinese men aged 40 years or older
Authors: Shao Wei-Hao , Zheng Cai-Fang , Ge Yong-Chao , Chen Xiao-Rui , Zhang Bo-Wen , Wang Gai-Li , Zhang Wei-Dong
Published: April 2022

A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the age-stratified normal levels and age-related changes in the risk predictors of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) progression. A total of 4706 male participants aged 40 years or older in Zhengzhou (China) were enrolled. The values of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume (PV), and postvoid residual urine volume (PVR) significantly increased with age. Nonlinear relationships between age and IPSS scores ≥8 (P for nonlinearity = 0.046), PSA level ≥1.6 ng ml–1, PV ≥31 ml, or PVR ≥39 ml (all P for nonlinearity <0.001) were observed. After the age of 61 years, the risk indicators related to BPH progression were positively correlated with age (odds ratio [OR] >1), regardless of the predictors of the IPSS score, PSA level, PV, or PVR; and the OR values increased gradually. Therefore, after the age of 61 years, the risk predictors related to BPH progression were positively correlated with age.
Efficacy of XP-endo Finisher File on the Removal of Calcium Hydroxide from the Root Canals
Authors: Aflaki Sare , Alavi Orkideh , Zeynal-Kelishomi Hamidreza , Darvish Alireza , Karamshahi Mohamadjavad
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Calcium hydroxide must be completely removed from the root canal before the endodontic therapy. One of the methods to remove calcium hydroxide is XP-endo finisher file which has conflicting results. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of XP-endo finisher in removing calcium hydroxide with other irrigation methods.

Materials and methods:

In this experimental in vitro study, 48 teeth were selected. Each tooth was split longitudinally. Standardized grooves were prepared in the middle and apical third of the canals and then were filled with calcium hydroxide. The roots were randomly divided into three groups according to calcium hydroxide removal methods: XP-endo finisher, passive ultrasonic irrigation, and syringe needle irrigation. The amount of remaining medicament was evaluated using a scoring system. Chi-square was used to study the difference between the qualitative variables. The significant level was P < 0.05.

Results:

In the middle part, XP-endo finisher removed calcium hydroxide significantly higher than other methods (P = 0.005). In the apical part, no significant difference was observed among the groups (P = 0.47).

Conclusion:

All methods removed more calcium hydroxide in the middle than the apical part. In the middle part, XP-endo finisher removed calcium hydroxide more than the other methods from the root canals.
Storage Lesions in Red Blood Cell-Saline Adenine Glucose Mannitol
Authors: Aggarwal Geet , Tiwari Aseem Kumar , Pabbi Swati , Bhardwaj Gunajn , Rawat Ganesh , Nandram  , Harith Arun Kumar , Vinayak Kamini
Published: April 2022

Background and Objectives:

Indian studies on evaluation of storage lesions in red blood cells (RBCs) are either limited to 21 or 28 days or have evaluated limited parameters for 42 days. Moreover, issue of transfusion of “fresh” versus “old” RBC is far from settled. The study serially assesses, up to 42 days, in vitro and in vivo RBC storage lesion parameters, including di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) leaching and its comparison with published literature.

Methods:

The study serially assessed in vitro RBC storage lesion parameters including potassium, lactate, glucose, pH, supernatant hemoglobin, percentage-hemolysis, and DEHP leaching of RBC unit during storage till 42 days. The study also evaluated in vivo recovery of potassium after transfusion of “older” RBC.

Results:

Serial monitoring of in vitro biochemical parameters showed increase in potassium, lactate, supernatant Hb, and hemolysis% and reduction in glucose and pH. DEHP content of the RBC bag was within no-observed adverse effect limit on days 42. Measurement of serum potassium after transfusion of “older” RBC unit revealed that levels of potassium were within normal limit in all four patients. Sterility testing done on days 42 was negative for all 24 bags.

Conclusion:

Development of storage lesions is inevitable. Appropriate storage limits the RBC lesions to within normal limits. The increase in potassium, lactate, or hemolysis consequent to aging of blood has little clinical significance in routine transfusion practice.
Development of Transfusion Medicine in the Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Velkova Ema , Makarovska-Bojadzieva T. , Dejanova-Ilijevska V. , Petkovic E. , Ristovska E. , Drakulevska S. , Mitevska L.
Published: April 2022

Transfusion medicine has been successfully practiced in North Macedonia for 76 years. Since its foundation, the Transfusion Medicine Unit is constantly growing and developing through the experiences of a large number of professional medical workers who left a lasting mark and paved the way toward modern transfusion activity. The Institute for transfusion medicine of North Macedonia constantly follows the latest world achievements in the field of transfusion medicine and they invest their energy in constant education, new technologies, and appropriate practices that ensure a high level of health services for donors and patients. This manuscript presents the journey of transfusion medicine in the Republic of North Macedonia covering various topics like the History, changes in legislation over time, blood donation activity, other services and the future directions for the field of transfusion medicine in the country.
Rare Anti-Cw Antibody
Authors: Mangwana Sadhana , Gohel Dolly , Simon Nikhil
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

Anti-Cw is a low-frequency antibody against Cw (Rh8) antigen, a low incidence antigen of the Rh system. Anti-Cw antibody may cause mild to moderate hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) and mild to severe immediate or delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTR). The antigenic frequency of Cw in the Indian population is 1.25%. Two cases of Anti-Cw antibody are being reported which were detected during routine antibody screening, one an oncology patient and the other a healthy blood donor.

Case 1:

A 30-year-old male, known case of acute myeloid leukemia, with previous history of induction chemotherapy and blood transfusion was admitted for further management and chemotherapy. When three cell antibody screening was performed using an automated platform, the screen was positive with +2 reactions. Antibody identification using 14 cells suggested the presence of an Anti-Cw antibody. On further testing, the patient red blood cell (RBCs) were negative for Cw antigen.

Case 2:

A 20-year-old male, first-time, voluntary blood donor, with no history of blood transfusion donated whole blood. On performing three cell antibody screening using automated platform, screen was found to be positive with +3 reactions. Antibody identification performed using 14 cell panel suggested the presence of Anti-Cw antibody. On further testing, the donor RBCs were negative for Cw antigen.

Conclusion:

Antibody screening and identification is recommended in pretransfusion testing, especially in multi-transfused patients and patients belonging to the reproductive age group, so that antibody to low-frequency antigen can be detected and its potential to cause HTR and HDFN can be assessed.
Comparison of spinal anaesthesia with isobaric chloroprocaine and general anaesthesia for short duration ambulatory urological procedures
Authors: Ravi Siddarth , Krishna Handattu M.
Published: April 2022

Background and Aims:

Chloroprocaine is a short-acting local anaesthetic agent for spinal anaesthesia (SA) that has been used in day care surgeries due to its faster recovery characteristics and faster discharge rates compared to other local anaesthetics. This study aimed at finding out its efficacy for the same as compared to general anaesthesia (GA).

Material and Methods:

This observational study was conducted on 60 patients belonging to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I and II who underwent short elective urological procedures (<60 min) under GA (group GA) as per standard of care in our hospital (n = 30) and SA (group SA) with 50 mg 1% isobaric 2-Chloroprocaine (n = 30). Time taken to meet the discharge criteria, modified Aldrete score and modified post anaesthesia discharge score in each group were noted. The cost of the anaesthetic procedure, anaesthetic procedural time, hemodynamics, supplemental analgesia, complications related to the procedure were noted and compared.

Results:

Patient characteristics and duration of surgery were comparable. Time taken by group SA was significantly higher than group GA to meet the discharge criteria. Cost of GA [2624.76 (166.16) units] was significantly more than SA [1561.63 (81.32) units, P < 0.05]. There was no requirement of supplemental analgesia in group SA and no hemodynamic instability or complications in either group.

Conclusion:

GA is significantly better as compared to SA with 50 mg 1% isobaric 2-Chloroprocaine as an anesthetic technique in day care urology surgeries in terms of faster recovery and faster discharge rate but is costlier.
C Arm confirmation of lung isolation in pediatric patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication: A retrospective case series
Authors: Ponde Vrushali , Patil Anagha , Nagdev Tripti , Gursale Anuya
Published: April 2022

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a frequently performed procedure in children which requires an efficient technique for lung isolation. Unavailability of appropriate size double-lumen tubes (DLT) for children and fiber optic scopes inspired us to create our own technique for lung isolation. This retrospective case series aims to describe our technique of C arm-aided endotracheal tube (ETT) placement for one-lung ventilation in these patients. 15 patients, aged 3 months to 10 years posted for VATS were recruited. Standard monitoring, general anesthesia and Lung isolation done as per the described protocol. Mean, standard deviation, and 95% Confidence interval was used. The mean age and weight was 43.93 months was 16.4 kg respectively. All right bronchus intubations were achieved in the first attempt. Of the 8 left bronchus intubations, 4 needed more than one attempt with a stylet inserted with a gentle J-shaped curve. Mild desaturation, seen in 2 patients during surgery was corrected with neck extension and increasing the FiO2. None of the cases required withdrawal of the tube into the trachea. One-lung anesthesia was achieved successfully in all the cases using C Arm with routine ETT.
Evaluation of a new laryngoscope blade (Manipal throat packing blade) for throat pack insertion
Authors: Muralikrishna D , Nileshwar Anitha , Budania Lokvendra
Published: April 2022

Background and aims:

Insertion of a throat pack using a Macintosh laryngoscope after placing an oral Ring, Adair and Elwyn (RAE) tube fixed to the lower lip in the midline invariably results in the lateral movement of the tongue or the tube requiring repositioning. The aim was to design a laryngoscope blade that would produce minimal movement of the endotracheal tube or the tongue during the insertion of throat pack and compare it with the Macintosh laryngoscope blade.

Material and Methods:

A laryngoscope blade similar to the Doughty’s blade of Boyle Davis mouth gag with a groove in the center of the blade was initially designed. This was made of polyvinyl chloride to enable 3-D printing. Specifications given were modified after trial and error including addition of a flange. A bench study was then done to compare the Macintosh blade with the Manipal blade with and without flange. Forty anesthesia postgraduates and staff familiar with airway management inserted throat pack with each blade in random order in a manikin already intubated with an oral RAE tube and their impressions were noted.

Results:

The RAE tube remained in the midline after throat packing in 97.5 and 95% with Manipal blade with and without flange as compared to 52.5% with Macintosh blade. Ease of use was affected by the lack of sturdiness of the new blades. The light was good. Most people found both blades better or the same as the Macintosh blade.

Conclusion:

The Manipal laryngoscope blade with and without flange are both associated with the minimal lateral movement of the endotracheal tube and are easy to use. Their sturdiness must be improved.
Opioid sparing strategies for perioperative pain management other than regional anaesthesia: A narrative review
Authors: Ghai Babita , Jafra Anudeep , Bhatia Nidhi , Chanana Neha , Bansal Dipika , Mehta Vivek
Published: April 2022

Opioids play a crucial role in pain management in spite of causing increased hospital morbidity and related costs. It may also cause significant risks such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), sedation, sleep disturbances, urinary retention and respiratory depression (commonly referred to as opioid related adverse effects) in postoperative patients. In order to evade these opioid related side effects and also improve pain management, multimodal analgesia i.e., combination of different analgesics, was introduced more than a decade ago. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques are available as opioid sparing analgesia. Research from around the world have proved pharmacological techniques ranging from acetaminophen, NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists (NDMA), alpha-2 agonists, anticonvulsants such as gamma aminobutyric acid analogues, beta-blockers, capsaicin, lignocaine infusion to glucocorticoids to be effective. On the other hand, non-pharmacological methods include techniques such as cognitive behavioral therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), electroanalgesia, acupuncture and hypnosis. However, research regarding the effect of these non-pharmacological techniques on pain management is still needed.
NK1 receptor antagonists versus other antiemetics in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting following laparoscopic surgical procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cavaye John , Dai Bryan , Gurunathan Karthik , Weir Rachel M. , Yerkovich Stephanie , Gurunathan Usha
Published: April 2022

A systematic electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases aimed at comparing neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists with other antiemetics in their prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adult patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery identified seven randomized controlled trials for review and meta-analysis. Preoperative aprepitant 80 mg was found to reduce nausea (RR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.41–0.75, I2 = 0%, P = 0.89) and vomiting (RR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.77, I2 = 0%, P = 0.96) and resulted in complete response (RR: 1.61 (1.25-2.08), I2 = 0%, P = 0.70) within the first 2 hours following surgery as well as vomiting in 2–24 hours (RR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02-0.36, I2 = 0%; P = 0.81) when compared to placebo or no antiemetic therapy. Preoperative aprepitant 80 mg has a superior overall effect compared to placebo or other antiemetics in the first two hours postoperatively, and thereafter reduces the risk of vomiting alone in the first 24 hours following laparoscopic surgeries.
Abduction Deficit Mimicking Sixth Nerve Palsy due to Metastasis in Systemic Malignancy
Authors: Parija Sucheta , Sen Saswati
Published: April 2022

Lateral rectus palsy presenting as abduction deficit resulting in diplopia is attributed to neurogenic causes. Metastasis as a cause of sixth cranial palsy is an extremely rare entity but cannot be overlooked. Cases of metastasis to lateral rectus secondary to lung and breast carcinoma have been reported. Primary adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) metastasizing to lateral rectus muscle is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of ACC arising from the left adrenal gland that presented with left-sided abduction deficit in a 58-year-old male with vasculopathic risk factors. The case highlights the importance of neuroimaging in cases of isolated nontraumatic sixth nerve palsy or in cases with isolated ocular symptoms with associated systemic findings. The fact that all cases of muscle palsies may not be neurogenic and rare causes such as metastatic muscle involvement must be included as a differential diagnosis in suspected cases has been emphasized.
Platelet Activation in Ocular Behçet’s Patients with Posterior Segment Involvement
Authors: Citirik Mehmet , Ozdal Pinar C. , Keles Ali , Haznedaroglu Ibrahim C.
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE:

The aim of the present study was to assess platelet activation by analyzing three platelet activation parameters in ocular Behçet's disease (BD): mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT).

METHODS:

Twenty-nine patients with active ocular BD (Group 1), 40 patients with inactive ocular BD (Group 2), and 40 healthy adult individuals serving as controls (Group 3) were evaluated. All of the individuals had been performed the complete ophthalmologic evaluation. The levels of MPV, PDW, and PCT were measured in each group.

RESULTS:

The mean MPV level was 8.40 ± 0.97 in Group 1, 8.32 ± 1.04 in Group 2, and 7.77 ± 0.72 in Group 3. The mean PDW level was 15.12 ± 1.09 in Group 1, 14.97 ± 1.02 in Group 2, and 14.52 ± 0.82 in Group 3. The mean PCT level was 0.23 ± 0.07 in Group 1, 0.21 ± 0.04 in Group 2, and 0.18 ± 0.03 in Group 3. MPV, PDW, and PCT levels were significantly higher in ocular BD patients than controls (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Platelet activation may affect vascular occlusion in ocular Behçet's patients with posterior segment involvement. This result may be important in evaluating ocular BD patients.
Electrophysiological Evaluation of Fleck Retina and Temporal Macular Thinning in X-Linked Alport’s Syndrome
Authors: Al Akeely Adel , Schatz Patrik , Alhazimi Amro
Published: April 2022

We report a 39-year-old with Alport's syndrome. The patient presented with anterior lenticonus, cataract, and a corrected distance visual acuity of 20/25 and 20/60 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Fundus examination revealed generalized retinal flecks sparing the fovea in both eyes. Optical coherence topography showed temporal macular thinning. Normal fundus autofluorescence was observed in both eyes. Full-field electroretinography (ERG) demonstrated normal photopic and scotopic responses, while multifocal ERG showed no reduction of amplitudes generated from the temporal thinned macula, compared to the nasal macula, indicating preserved functional integrity of the retina.
Retinoblastoma in Calabar Nigeria
Authors: Nkanga Elizabeth Dennis , Agbor Iwassam Elemi , Okonkwo Sunday Nnamdi , Fabian Ido Didi , Esu Ekpereonne Babatunde , Nkanga Dennis George , Odey Friday Akwagiobe , Okoi-Obuli Jacintha Banku
Published: April 2022

Background:

Retinoblastoma, although rare, is the most frequently occurring primary intraocular tumor of childhood. While a cure is often achieved where appropriate treatment is instituted early in the disease, late presentation often leads to unsuccessful treatment interventions.

Aim:

The aim of this study is to provide baseline information on the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma as seen in a tertiary pediatric eye care facility in Calabar, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective review of case files of children presenting to the Calabar Children's Eye Center (CCEC) with retinoblastoma over 18 months from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019 was done.

Results:

Data were collected from 39 children with retinoblastoma who met the inclusion criteria. There were 22 (56.4%) males and 17 (43.6%) females, and the age range was 7–41 months, with a mean age of 25.6 (±9.0) months. Unilateral disease was seen in 27 (69.2%) participants, whereas 12 (30.8%) had bilateral disease. Although multiple symptoms were seen in many participants protrusion of eye was the most frequently occurring first symptom, (17, 44.0%) followed by red eye (13, 33.0%), whitespot in eye (5, 13.0%), and abnormal alignment (4, 10.0%) among study participants. The lag time from recognition of symptoms to initial consultation ranged from 1 to 25 months, with a mean lag time of 9.13 ± 5.68 months. The ICRB classification system was most frequently used, 27 (69.2%), followed by cTNMH 11 (28.2%), and International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification 1 (2.6%). The International Retinoblastoma Staging System was representative. Of the 78 eyes studied, (51, 65.3%) had different stages of retinoblastoma with the majority presenting as advanced retinoblastoma (46, 90.2%).

Conclusions:

Retinoblastoma is seen at the CCEC. Although the most frequent symptom was protrusion of eye, the lag time was often several months long. Most patients presented late with advanced ocular retinoblastoma and or extraocular disease.
Conservative Management of Button Battery Ingestion Using Honey in a Paediatric Patient
Authors: Onyire Nnamdi Benson , Nwokeji-Onwe Linda Nneka , Ikegwuonu Charles Izuchukwu , Orji Maria-Lauretta
Published: April 2022

Button battery ingestion is a form of foreign-body ingestion usually seen among children. Its ingestion could be symptom free and sometimes fatal. The interval between swallowing and final destination of the button battery has some clinical importance to its management. This is a case report of an eight-year-old boy, who ingested a 25 mm-sized button battery which was detected in the lower esophagus by a plain X-ray, managed conservatively with honey, and was later passed out of stool after 36 h.
Perimortem Caesarean Section
Authors: Solaja Olufemi Augustine , Fehintola Akintunde Olusegun , Adetoye Adedapo Omowonuola
Published: April 2022

Maternal cardiopulmonary arrest is a very rare event whose prognosis might depend on the response to the event. We present the case of an unbooked G5P4 who had an arrest following two eclamptic fits. She had an on-site perimortem cesarean section and was delivered of a live female baby with a birth weight of 4.95 kg. She was subsequently transferred to the intensive care unit where she later died 5 days postdelivery. The baby was discharged home 4 days postdelivery with no neurological deficit. In managing such cases, multidisciplinary management must be the approach from the point of making the diagnosis to performing a resuscitative hysterotomy, as such reducing cardiac arrest delivery interval to the barest minimum.
Osteometry, Variability, Biomechanics and Locomotion Pattern of the Cave Bear Limb Bones from Croatian Localities
Authors:   Institute of Quternary Paleontology and Geology, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Jambrešić Gordana , Paunović Maja ,   Institute of Quternary Paleontology and Geology, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Published: April 2022

The estimated stylo- and zeugopodial bone index is lower for the cavebears from the mountainous region (Cerovaèke peæine caves) than thebone index from the hilly-lowlands caves (Vindija, Velika peæina,Veternica) and indicates that limb loading depends on the body massand palaeoenvironment. The type of movement was similar to thelocomotion of the recent brown bear but with somewhat moreexpressed plantigrady on the hind limbs. At the same time, the sexratio of the studied material depends firstly on the site morphology(endogene or exogene cave), i.e. its function (dense or periodicallyvisited shelter), and also on geological processes and human activity.
Facies and Facies Architecture of the Ivanić Grad Formation (Upper Pannonian) - Sava Depression, NW Croatia
Authors:   INA - Naftaplin, Zagreb, Croatia, Vrbanac Boris
Published: April 2022

Four facies were distinguished within the Ivanić Grad Formation of the Sava Depression: massive marl facies (F1), thick-bedded to massive sandstone facies (F2), thin-bedded sandstone facies (F3) and thin bedded sandstone, siltite and marl facies (F4). Interpretation of the depositional mechanisms confirmed the presence of two basic sedimentary processes. Hemipelagic deposits are represented by fine grained detritus. The lithification of these produced a massive marl(facies - F1). Sand detritus was transported into the depression by turbidite currents (facies - F2- F4), and formed a narrow elongated sedimentary body. By comparing the facies defined on the basis of core samples, the spontaneous-potential curve (SP) and the resistivity curve (Ra) of identical intervals, four facies associations were defined on well logdiagrams: channel filling (FA), depositional lobe (FB), lateral and distal turbidites (FC) and massive marls (FD).
The Karst Dinarides are Composed of Relics of a Single Mesozoic Platform: Facts and Consequences
Authors:   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Vlahović Igor , Tišljar Josip ,   Faculty of Mining Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Croatia, Velić Ivo ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia, Matičec Dubravko ,   Croatian Geological Survey, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: April 2022

Croatian geological literature during the mid nineteen-eighties and nineties was marked by the appearance of a new geotectonic concept of the Dinarides proposing that the recent, very complex structural setting is a direct consequence of a specific palaeogeographic relationship during the Mesozoic, i.e. the proposed existence of two carbonate platforms separated by a long-lasting deep marine area (interplatform trough).Although the idea was very interesting and provoked discussion, resulting in the questioning of formerly established concepts, detailed analysis of available data indicate that the Karst Dinarides (External Dinarides) were formed by the destruction of a single, although morphologically considerably variable shallow water carbonate platform. This platform was in some periods very dynamic because of its palaeogeographic position during the Mesozoic, resulting in many periods of large-scale facies differentiation, especially during the Late Cretaceous. The final disintegration of the platform area culminated in the formation of flysch trough(s) in the latest Cretaceous and Palaeogene and the subsequent uplift of the Dinarides. Recently there have been some misunderstandings resulting from the imprecise use of newly established terms, which are, by circular logic, used to connect recent geotectonic relationships with Mesozoic palaeogeograph ywithout adequate material proof. Therefore, the terms Dinaricum and Adriaticum should be redefined and used only for description of the recent tectonic pattern, without implying a palaeogeographic component,since during the Mesozoic they represented a single entity. Additional confusion is added by different names used for thesame shallow water carbonate platform. Probably the best, althoug hnot the ideal name is the most frequently used one: the Adriatic Carbonate Platform. Its duration may be estimated from the Late Lias tothe Late Cretaceous, representing the most important part of a thick carbonate succession in the Karst Dinarides (ranging from Carboniferous to Eocene).
Влияние анизотропной реологии на свойства волновых процессов в морском льду
Authors: Marchenko Aleksei Valer'evich
Published: April 2022

Модель Бюргерса адаптирована для описания вязкоупругой реологии льда и использована для исследования дисперсии и затухания волн, распространяющихся в слое жидкости под непрерывным столбчатым ледяным покровом. Реологические постоянные модели, описывающие свойства льда в горизонтальном направлении, получены из экспериментов с кернами натурального столбчатого морского льда. В качестве дополнительного механизма затухания волн рассмотрена диссипация энергии в подледном пограничном слое. Исследована зависимость коэффициента затухания волн от их длины. Показано, что вязкие свойства льда важны для диссипации волн с периодом 10 с и менее. Диссипация волновой энергии в пограничном слое доминирует при увеличении волновых периодов от 10 с до 30 с. При слабой турбулентности в подледном слое длинные инфрагравитационные волны с периодом 20-30 с могут распространяться на большие расстояния с незначительным затуханием.
Влияние конечных возмущений плотности на развитие неустойчивости Рэлея-Тейлора в пористой среде
Authors: Soboleva Elena Borisovna
Published: April 2022

Выполнено численное моделирование конвекции Рэлея-Тейлора в пористой среде при наличии начальных флуктуаций плотности на границе между слоями жидкости. Рассмотрены смешивающиеся жидкости: нижний слой образован однокомпонентной жидкой средой, а верхний слой - такой же средой с растворенной в ней примесью. Исследовано влияние амплитуды флуктуаций плотности на начало и развитие конвективного движения. Получено, что при уменьшении амплитуды флуктуаций конвекция начинается существенно позже, ширина образующихся конвективных "пальцев" оказывается больше, а скорость их движения - меньше. Влияние начальных флуктуаций прослеживается и в переходном течении при разрушении исходной квазипериодической структуры конвекции.
Welfare, Populism and Welfare Chauvinism
Authors: Greve Bent
Published: April 2022

In a time of increasing inequality, why has there been a recent surge of support for political parties who promote an anti-welfare message? Using a mixed methods approach and newly released data, this book aims to answer this question and to show possible ways forward for welfare states.
Borders, Migration and Class in an Age of Crisis
Authors: Vickers Tom
Published: April 2022

Informed by Marxist theory, this book examines how categories of 'workers' and 'migrants' have been mobilised within representations of a 'migrant crisis' and a 'welfare crisis' to facilitate capitalist exploitation, and proposes alternative understandings that foreground solidarity.
Belonging in Translation
Authors: Shindo Reiko
Published: April 2022

This is the first book to investigate how migrants and migrant rights activists work together to generate new forms of citizenship identities in a multilingual setting. Based on robust theoretical engagement and detailed empirical analysis, Shind's book makes a compelling case for rethinking citizenship and community from the angle of language.
Concrete Cities
Authors: Imrie Rob
Published: April 2022

Global building and construction cultures are hard-wired to constructing too much, too badly, with major social and ecological consequences. Rob Imrie calls us to build less and to build better as a pre-requisite for enhancing welfare and well-being.
Characteristics of ultrafine particle emission change depending on the placement of ventilation systems in 3D printer working environment
Authors: Park Kyung Ho , Kim Sang Cheol , Sung Woo Chul , Choi Ah Young
Published: April 2022

This study evaluated the emission characteristics of ultrafine particles emitted during material extrusion type 3D printer, called Desktop 3D printer, operation in the test bed and mock-up environmental conditions respectively. For the measurement, a condensation particle counter (CPC) and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) were employed. In the test-bed evaluation, representative materials widely used nowadays such as ABS, PLA, TPU, PC, etc, emitted higher than the UFP criteria (3.5 ×1011) of 2D printer test method RAL-UZ 171. Particle sizes emitted from materials were found to be less than 200 nm. For the mock-up environment, seven different Desktop 3D printers and mechanical ventilation devices are used to compare the reduction rates of UFP according to the kind and placement of ventilation systems. When the ventilation equipment was installed on the ceiling, the reduction efficiency of UFP emission was not confirmed clearly while the reduction rates were significantly reduced when installed on the window.
JONAH BERGERNING “INVISIBLE INFLUENCE” KO`RINMAS TA`SIR ASARIDAGI TOPONIMLARNING INGLIZ TILIDAN O’ZBEK TILIGA TARJIMASI MUAMMOLARI
Authors: Nurmamatova Marjona
Published: April 2022

В данной статье анализируются проблемы перевода топонимов в «invisible influence» невидимое влияние, который был написан Джона Бергер, с английского языка на узбекский [1] и анализируется их значение с лингвистической точки зрения, с учетом факторов, влияющих на понимание читателем. Поскольку топонимы, выбранные в качестве объектов, фактурны, их функция в произведении была придумана до названий географических названий, а затем уже заложена в языковые модели. В результате в статье предлагаются шаблоны для анализа переводчиком этимологически, лексикологически, семантически и фонетически перед переводом на узбекский язык.
J.K. ROULINGNING “BIDL QISSANAVIS ERTAKLARI” (“THE TALES OF BEEDLE THE BARD”) ASARIDAGI ANTROPONIMLARNING O’ZBEK TILIDAN INGLIZ TILIGA TARJIMA QILISHDAGI MUAMMOLARI
Authors: Jo’ramurodova Zuhra , Solijonov Juraali
Published: April 2022

Эта статья является одним из произведений великой писательницы-фантаста Джоан Кейт Роулинг, одним из шедевров мировой литературы. Данная работа была переведена на узбекский язык и проанализирована с учетом факторов, влияющих на ее понимание читателем с лингвистической точки зрения. Поскольку имена, выбранные в качестве объектов, являются текстурами, перед именами персонажей была придумана их функция и характер в произведении, а затем они были помещены в лингвистические формы. В связи с этим в статье предлагаются формы для этимологического, лексикологического, семантического и фонетического анализа переводчиком, прежде чем переводить их на узбекский язык.
VOCABULAIRE TERMINOLOGIQUE : FONCTIONS ET SPECIFICITE D'USAGE ESSENCE SEMANTIQUE DU TERM
Authors: Ermetova Dilovar , Navruzova Mutabar
Published: April 2022

The development of science and technology, the emergence of new fields of science is always accompanied by the emergence of many new terms. Consequently, terminology is one of the most dynamic, fast-growing and rapidly changing parts of the national dictionary. Modern scientists point out that the rapid pace of the scientific and technological revolution in recent decades has led to and continues to grow like an avalanche of information in all areas of knowledge, production and scientific activity. The article analyzes the impact of these processes on the structure of modern French.
РEAЛИЯЛAР ВA УЛAРНИ ТAРЖИМAДA БEРИЛИШИ
Authors: Яхшибоeвa Нодирa
Published: April 2022

дaннaя стaтья посвящeнa возникновeнию рeaлий в языкe "Рeaлий" и их отличитeльным особeнностям, которыe проливaют свeт нa мeтоды пeрeводa рeaлий в процeссe пeрeводa.
ЁШЛАР ОНГИДА КИТОБ ОРҚАЛИ УМУМИНСОНИЙ ҚАДРИЯТЛАР ВА ЭСТЕТИК ТАФАККУРНИ РИВОЖЛАНТИРИШ
Authors: Илёсов Фаррух
Published: April 2022

Ушбу мақолада ёшлар онгида умумбашарий қадриятларни шакллантириш соғлом, баркамол, эстетик тарбияда бадиий адабиёт,  китобнинг ўрни жалб этиш пировард мақсад этиб белгиланган. Айниқса ёшлар онги, маданияти, тафаккурини китобга бўлган меҳр ўзгариши тарбия этиши мумкинлиги келтирилган.
ЎЗБЕК ТИЛИ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯСИНИНГ НАЗАРИЙ ТАДҚИҚИ
Authors: Джалилова Дилфуза Баҳодировна.
Published: April 2022

Мазкур мақолада тилшуносликнинг муҳим йўналишларидан бири ҳисобланган фразеология ҳамда, бу соҳада ўзбек тилшунос олимлари томонидан олиб борилган тадқиқотлари тўғрисида фикр юритилади.
SIFAT SO’Z TURKUMIGA XOS SO’ZLAR INSON RUHIYATINI TASVIRLASH VOSITASI SIFATIDA QO’LLANILGANDA GAPDAGI O’RNI VA VAZIFASI
Authors: Qandaxarov Rustamjon Zoyir o’g’li
Published: April 2022

Bu maqolada ruhiyatni ifodalovchi sifatlarning gapdagi o‘rni va qaysi gap bo’lagi bo’lib kelishi haqida qisqacha ma’lumot berilgan. Ularning joylashishiga ko`ra ma`no farqiga ham e`tibor berilgan.
LA NOTION DE «MOUVEMENT» EN LINGUISTIQUE
Authors: Juraqobilova Hamida Xolmatovna  , Botirova Arzigul
Published: April 2022

Dans la plupart des langues, nous trouvons au moins deux éléments essentiels pour une construction de phrase: nom et verbe. Si nous les distinguons l’un de l’autre d’une manière simple, les noms servent à désigner les entités existantes dans l’univers, qui est l’espace.
LA CONVERSATION ET LE DIALOGUE, LEURS DIFFERENCES DANS LE LANGAGE
Authors: F.Yarmanov, G.Beknazarova
Published: April 2022

Le type textuel conversationnel est l'objet de l'analyse conversationnelle, école suisse dont les porte-parole les plus importants sont eddy roulet, jacques moeschler, antoine auchelin (le numéro 44, octobre - décembre 1981 de la revue études de linguistique appliquée, numéro consacré à l'analyse de conversations authéntiques, dirigé par eddy roulet, inaugura une longue série de recherches sur le spécifique du texte conversationnel).
FRANSUZ TILIDA FZEOLOGIK BIRLIKLAR TADQIQI
Authors: I. Sultonova, N. Qudratova
Published: April 2022

Til va nutq sistemasi jarayonida so‘zlarning ma’nolari turli kontekst va holatlarda semantik va stilistik qo‘layliklardan foydalanish imkoniyatini beradi. Ana shu qulayliklar tildagi lug‘at boyligini orttirishda ishtirok etadigan murakkab leksik frazeologik birliklar bazasini tashkil etadi. Mazkur birliklarni o‘rganish nutq madaniyatini oshirishga yordam beradi, tilning milliy xususiyatini tashkil etuvchi frazeologik birliklar o‘zida xalqning boy tarixiy madaniyati, kishilarning maishiy – madaniy hayotini mujassamlashtiradi.
LA TRADUCTION EN LIGNE COMME UN DOMAINE REPONDU
Authors: Sadikova Charifa
Published: April 2022

Cet article traite de la traduction audiovisuelle et de ses types, ainsi que de ses caractères.  Le développement des traductions en ligne en ce moment.  Cet article présente également plusieurs sources de traductions en ligne.  À la fin de cet article, une conclusion générale est faite sur les traducteurs en ligne
ИННОВАЦИИ В ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ –СТРАТЕГИЯ КАЧЕСТВЕННОГО РОСТА СФЕРЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Султонова Умеда
Published: April 2022

В данной статье рассматривается необходимость введения в преподавание иностранных языков инновационных технологий в соответствии с мировым опытом. Описаны преимущества новых методов, их основные характеристики и результаты их применения на практике.
JON STAYNBEK QALAMIGA MANSUB “QIROL ARTUR YURUSHLARI VA UNING OLIYJANOB RITSARLARI“ (“THE ACTS OF KING ARTHUR AND HIS NOBLE KNIGHTS”)ASARIDAGI ANTROPONIMLARNI INGLIZ TILIDAN O’ZBEK TILIGA MUAMMOLAR
Authors: Melikboboyeva Madina
Published: April 2022

Mazkur maqola J.Staynbek tomonidan yozilgan “Qirol Artur yurushlari va uning oliyjanob ritsarlari” romani tarkibidagi antroponimlarning ingliz tilidan o’zbek tiliga tarjimasi va ularning mohiyatiga lingvistik nuqtayi nazaridan o’quvchi uni anglashi uchun ta’sir qiluvchi omillarni hisobga olgan holda tahlil qilingan. Obyekt sifatida tanlangan ismlar to’qima bo’lganligi tufayli personajlarning ismlaridan oldin ularning asardagi vazifasi hamda xarakteri o’ylab topilgani, so’ngra uni lingvistik qoliplarga solingan. Shu tufayli maqolada tarjimon ularni o’zbek tiliga o’girishdan oldin etimologik, leksikologik, semantik va fonetik tahlil qilishi uchun qoliplar taklif qilingan.
СТОМАТОЛОГИК ТЕРМИНЛАРНИНГ АНТОНИМИК МУНОСАБАТЛАРИ
Authors: Сиддикова Ирода
Published: April 2022

Мақолада инглиз, рус ва ўзбек тилларида стоматологик терминларнинг антонимик муносабатлари таҳлил килинган.
MULTI CULTURE AND LANGUAGE RELATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Sanakulov Jahongir
Published: April 2022

The article discusses different approaches to the phenomenon of multiculturalism, as well as the scope of its interaction in linguistic processes. Literary translation analyzes the relationship between language, culture and imagination.
ФРАНЦУЗ ТИЛИ ГРАММАТИКАСИНИ ЎҚИТИШДА МАШҚЛАРНИНГ РОЛИ ВА АҲАМИЯТИ
Authors: Ф.Н.Акромова
Published: April 2022

Mazkur maqolada чет тилини ўрганишда машқларнинг роли, уларнинг  услубчилар томонидан  турларга булиниши хамда машқларни бажариш методик кетма-кетлиги  хақида  суз юритилади. Маълумки, амаллар нутқ фаолиятини ҳосил қилувчи ёки идрок қилинишини таъминловчи воситалардир. Грамматик кўникманинг ҳуқуқий малакага тўла «сингиб кетиши» малака даражасида, одатда, эътибор нутқнинг мазмунига қаратилади, тил материали, жумладан, грамматика ҳақида сўз юритилганда эса тақдимот ва машқ  қилиш давридаги фаолият турлари назарда тутилганлиги ёритилган.
ИНГЛИЗ ВА ЎЗБЕК ТИЛЛАРИДА ҚУРИЛИШ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯСИНИНГ СЕМАНТИК ТАРКИБИЙ ТУЗИЛИШИНИНГ ХУСУСИЯТЛАРИ
Authors: Мирсагатова Покиза
Published: April 2022

Ушбу мақолада қурилиш соҳаси ривожланиши ва қурилиш терминологиясининг шаклланиш усуллари ўртасида бевосита боғлиқлик мавжудлиги ҳақида сўз боради. Лексика структурасидаги унинг тизимли алоқасини характерлайдиган терминологиянинг ички лингвистик хусусиятига эга аниқ илмий соҳа ҳақиқати номланиши билан қурилиш терминологиясининг ташқи лингвистик алоқадорлиги, терминологияни қатъий ташкиллаштирилган тизим сифатида аниқлайди. Терминологиядаги мавжуд тизимли муносабатларни аниқлаш қиёсий чоғиштирма тилшунослик жиҳатдан терминологиянинг асосий ўрганиш масалаларидан бири ҳисобланади.
Internationalization for SMEs and Strategies for success in the Business: A case study SMEs shoes in Mojokerto, Indonesia
Authors:   Economic and Business Faculty State University of Malang, Indonesia, Cahyono Krido Eko
Published: April 2022

Internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises is a topic that has been studied in various ways. Different scholars have tackled this topic from different perspectives and have found that there is no single way to internationalization. This study aims to build on previous literature by applying ethnographic studies of Mojokerto SMEs, which have been actively exporting to Asia since its inception. The goal was to find a variety of Theorem connections and applications for small businesses. By, this study challenges SME faced, but process of internationalization is also highlighted. With observations and personal interviews, uncertainties, conflicts within the network, profitable domestic markets, and lack of experienced management play a major role in the decline of international activities. I found out that I was doing it. The challenges facing companies in the process of internationalization are lack of management commitment to internationalization and overseas markets and promotion of networks at the international level, lack of trust and cooperation in the company's own network, and trust and overseas. Build insider knowledge with a new network of markets.
Comparison of Partial Least Squares Regression and Principal Component Regression for Overcoming Multicollinearity in Human Development Index Model
Authors: Samosir Ravika Dewi , Salaki Deiby Tineke , Langi Yohanes
Published: April 2022

One of the assumptions in ordinary least squares (OLS) in estimating regression parameter is lack of multicollinearity. If the multicollinearity exists, Partial Least Square (PLS) and Principal Component Regression (PCR) can be used as alternative approaches to solve the problem. This research intends to compare those methods in modeling factors that influence the Human Development Index (HDI) of North Sumatra Province in 2019 obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics. The result indicates that the PLS outperforms the PCR in term ofÂ  the coefficient of determination and squared error