bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary patterns of range size, abundance and species richness in Amazonian angiosperm trees
Authors: Dexter Kyle , Chave Jérôme
Published: September 2016

Amazonian tree species vary enormously in their total abundance and range size, while Amazonian tree genera vary greatly in species richness. The drivers of this variation are not well understood. Here, we construct a phylogenetic hypothesis that represents half of Amazonian tree genera in order to contribute to explaining the variation. We find several clear, broad-scale patterns. Firstly, there is significant phylogenetic signal for all three characteristics; closely related genera tend to have similar numbers of species and similar mean range size and abundance. Additionally, the species richness of genera shows a significant, negative relationship with the mean range size and abundance of their constituent species. Our results suggest that phylogenetically correlated intrinsic factors, namely traits of the genera themselves, shape among lineage variation in range size, abundance and species richness. We postulate that tree stature may be one particularly relevant trait. However, other traits may also be relevant, and our study reinforces the need for ambitious compilations of trait data for Amazonian trees. In the meantime, our study shows how large-scale phylogenies can help to elucidate, and contribute to explaining, macroecological and macroevolutionary patterns in hyperdiverse, yet poorly understood regions like the Amazon Basin.
Phylogeography by diffusion on a sphere: whole world phylogeography
Authors: Bouckaert Remco
Published: September 2016

Background

Techniques for reconstructing geographical history along a phylogeny can answer many questions of interest about the geographical origins of species. Bayesian models based on the assumption that taxa move through a diffusion process have found many applications. However, these methods rely on diffusion processes on a plane, and do not take the spherical nature of our planet in account. Performing an analysis that covers the whole world thus does not take in account the distortions caused by projections like the Mercator projection.

Results

In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian phylogeographical method based on diffusion on a sphere. When the area where taxa are sampled from is small, a sphere can be approximated by a plane and the model results in the same inferences as with models using diffusion on a plane. For taxa sampled from the whole world, we obtain substantial differences. We present an efficient algorithm for performing inference in a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, and show applications to small and large samples areas. We compare results between planar and spherical diffusion in a simulation study and apply the method by inferring the origin of Hepatitis B based on sequences sampled from Eurasia and Africa.

Conclusions

We describe a framework for performing phylogeographical inference, which is suitable when the distortion introduced by map projections is large, but works well on a smaller scale as well. The framework allows sampling tips from regions, which is useful when the exact sample location is unknown, and placing prior information on locations of clades in the tree. The method is implemented in the GEO_SPHERE package in BEAST 2, which is open source licensed under LGPL and allows joint tree and geography inference under a wide range of models.
Rhodopsin 7–The unusual Rhodopsin inDrosophila
Authors: Senthilan Pingkalai R. , Helfrich-Förster Charlotte
Published: September 2016

Rhodopsins are the major photopigments in the fruit flyDrosophila melanogaster. Drosophilaexpress six well-characterized Rhodopsins (Rh1–Rh6) with distinct absorption maxima and expression pattern. In 2000, when theDrosophilagenome was published, a novelRhodopsingene was discovered:Rhodopsin 7(Rh7).Rh7is highly conserved among theDrosophilagenus and is also found in other arthropods. Phylogenetic trees based on protein sequences suggest that the sevenDrosophilaRhodopsins cluster in three different groups. While Rh1, Rh2 and Rh6 form a “vertebrate-melanopsin-type”–cluster, and Rh3, Rh4 and Rh5 form an “insect-type”-Rhodopsin cluster, Rh7 seem to form its own cluster. Although Rh7 has nearly all important features of a functional Rhodopsin, it differs from other Rhodopsins in its genomic and structural properties, suggesting it might have an overall different role than other known Rhodopsins.
ORGANIZAÇÃO DA INSTRUÇÃO PÚBLICA PRIMÁRIA NA PROVÍNCIA DO PARÁ (1851-1861)
Authors: Nery Vitor Sousa Cunha , França Maria Do Perpétuo Socorro Gomes de Souza Avel
Published: September 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a organização da instrução pública primária na província do Pará no período de 1851 a 1861. Para atingir tal propósito, metodologicamente nos apoiamos no tipo de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, que inclui relatórios dos diretores da instrução pública, relatórios dos presidentes da província do Pará, legislação educacional e o jornal “Diário do Gram-Pará”. Essas fontes foram pesquisadas na Biblioteca Pública do Pará Arthur Viana, no Arquivo Público do Estado do Pará, no Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro e na Biblioteca Nacional. Para compreendermos a organização da instrução primária na província do Pará no período de 1851 a 1861, epistemologicamente fundamentamo-nos na “história cultural”. Durante este estudo abordamos as seguintes temáticas, a saber: as condições da instrução primária pública na província do Pará, cadeiras públicas e suas frequências, regime das escolas primárias e Inspeção.
Excess Body Weight and the Risk of Second Primary Cancers Among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Bodelon Clara , Sung Hyuna , Mitchell Ellen L. , Deubler Emily L. , Newton Christina C. , Jemal Ahmedin , Teras Lauren R. , Patel Alpa V.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Little is known about the causes of second primary cancers among individuals with a history of cancer. Descriptive studies have suggested that lifestyle factors, including excess body weight, may be important.

Objective

To investigate whether excess body weight is associated with the risk of a second primary malignant neoplasm among cancer survivors.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study of adults in 21 states in the US used data from the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition cohort, a large prospective study that invited participants to respond to a survey in 1992 and biennial surveys starting in 1997, and who were followed-up through 2017. Eligible participants included those who received a diagnosis of a first primary nonmetastatic invasive cancer between 1992 and 2015. Data analysis occurred from September 2023 to March 2024.

Exposure

Body mass index (BMI), computed from self-reported height and weight at the time of the first primary cancer diagnosis (mean [SD] years to diagnosis, 1.7 [1.5] years).

Main Outcome and Measures

Main outcomes included a second primary cancer or an obesity-related second cancer. Cancer diagnoses were reported on biennial surveys and verified through medical record abstraction or linkage with state cancer registries.

Results

This cohort included 26 894 participants who received a diagnosis of a first nonmetastatic primary cancer (mean [SD] age at first cancer diagnosis, 72.2 [6.5] years; 15 920 male [59.2%]). At the time of first diagnosis, 11 497 participants (42.8%) had overweight and 4684 (17.2%) had obesity. During a median (IQR) follow-up time of 7.9 (3.4-13.6) years, 3749 (13.9%) participants received a diagnosis of a second primary cancer, of which 1243 (33.2%) were obesity-related second primary cancers. Compared with cancer survivors whose BMI was in the normal range (18.5 to <25), there was 15% increased risk of any second primary cancer for those who had overweight (25 to <30; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07-1.25) and a 34% increased risk for those who had obesity (BMI ≥30; aHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.21-1.48), with greater risk for obesity-related second primary cancers, including a 40% increased risk for those with overweight (aHR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.22,-1.61) and a 78% increased risk for those with obesity (aHR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.51-2.11).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of older survivors of nonmetastatic cancer, those who had overweight or obesity at the time of their first cancer diagnosis were at higher risk of developing a second cancer, especially an obesity-related second cancer. Given the high prevalence of overweight and obesity among cancer survivors, it is important to promote survivorship care guidelines recommending weight management and increase awareness of second cancers among physicians and cancer survivors.
Two new oligomers of E. coli small heat‐shock protein IbpB identified under heat stress exhibit maximum holding chaperone activity
Authors: Azaharuddin Md , Dasgupta Rakhi , Das Abhijit , Nandi Susmita , Pal Anabadya , Chakrabarty Soumajit , Bandopadhyay Pathikrit , Ghosh Sourav , Nandy Sanchita , Sett Upasana , Basu Tarakdas
Published: September 2024

Escherichia coli small heat‐shock protein IbpB (MW: 16 KDa) has holding chaperone activity and is present in cells at 30 °C as two large oligomers of MW 2.0–3.0 MDa and 600–700 KDa. We report here about the presence of two additional oligomers of MW around 400 and 130 KDa in cells under heat‐stress at 50 °C. These two smaller oligomers possess the most chaperone activity, as observed from the extent of inhibition of inactivation and aggregation separately, of L‐Lactate dehydrogenase in the presence of the individual oligomers at 52 and 60 °C, respectively. It is suggested here that the two larger oligomers act as poorly active storage forms, which under heat stress dissociate partially into smaller oligomers with high holdase activity.
A Cross‐Cultural and Intra‐Cultural Investigation of the Misinformation Effect in Eyewitness Memory Reports
Authors: Anakwah Nkansah , Horselenberg Robert , Hope Lorraine , Amankwah‐Poku Margaret , van Koppen Peter J.
Published: September 2024

The culture in which individuals are socialised can play a role in shaping their eyewitness memory reports. Drawing on self‐construal theory, we examined cultural differences in the misinformation effect. In a mock witness paradigm, participants sampled from collectivistic (Ghana; n = 65) and individualistic (United Kingdom; n = 62) cultures were exposed to misleading post‐event information (PEI). Participants provided a free‐recall account and then completed a recognition task that included misinformation items. Cultural differences in misinformation endorsement were not observed in free recall. However, participants from the collectivistic culture endorsed more misleading items in the recognition task than those from the individualistic culture. We also found that in the respective cultures, individual‐level cultural orientation was related to the misinformation effect. These findings provide preliminary insights into the role of culture in susceptibility to misleading PEI and further highlight the importance of eliminating leading or suggestive questioning from investigative interviewing practices.
Dual‐Cation Activation of N‐Enriched Porous Carbons Improves Control of CO2 and N2 Adsorption Thermodynamics for Selective CO2 Capture
Authors: Eichler J. Ehren , Leonard Hanah , Yang Ethan Kang , Smith Lettie A. , Lauro Samantha N. , Burrow James N. , Ribeiro Rui P. P. L. , Mullins C. Buddie
Published: September 2024

Porous carbons have potential to facilitate energy‐efficient separation of CO2 from post‐combustion flue gas. However, the complicated interplay between chemical and textural properties has prevented a comprehensive understanding of selective CO2 adsorption. This study demonstrates how dual cation activation of carbons serves as a synthetic platform to help modulate porosity independent of nitrogen content. For samples derived from nitrogen‐poor precursors, surface areas deviated significantly (2200–4500 m2 g−1) at a constant total nitrogen content (2.3 ± 0.3 at %). Surface area changed less for samples derived from nitrogen‐rich precursors (400–675 m2 g−1 at 23.1 ± 0.1 at % N). Rigorous structure‐function and thermodynamic analysis of these carbons not only helped to uncover the nature of the different adsorption sites, but also established a fundamental linear free energy exchange relationship. This coupled with material property correlations informed the properties that facilitated selective capture of CO2. Critically, for these physisorptive carbons, selectivity is almost entirely a function of relative porosity and chemical adsorbent‐adsorbate interactions play a negligible role.
High‐Performance Single‐Microplate Perovskite Photodetectors Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol Filled Planar Electrodes for Weak‐Light Imaging and Pixel Integration
Authors: Mei Luyao , Yu Wenzhi , Cui Nan , Li Yang , Yang Tian , Fei Jianjian , Huang Zhanfeng , Xu Zhengji , Mu Haoran , Lin Shenghuang , Zhu Lu
Published: September 2024

Photoconductors featuring an individual micro/nano‐crystal as the photoactive channel hold the great promise for next‐generation integrated optoelectronics. Meanwhile, the gain aiming for signal amplification without an extra amplifier, the fast response for fast data transfer, and low dark current for weak signal acquisition are highly desirable in integrated optoelectronics, but are inherent trade‐off in traditional photoconductors. Herein, the study demonstrates a single‐microplate MAPbI3 photoconductor based on polyvinyl alcohol‐filled planar electrodes that can simultaneously achieve excellent performance on these parameters. The superior performance can be attributed to the exquisite design of filling the device channel gap with polyvinyl alcohol. This deep‐work‐function transparent polyvinyl alcohol can not only passivate surface defects of the perovskite microplate by hydrogen bonding, but also form a heterojunction with top perovskites to induce a depleted channel. Resultant single‐microplate photodetectors exhibit exceptional performance characteristics including ultra‐low noise‐equivalent power of 0.19 fW Hz−1/2, high specific detectivity of 3.68 × 1014 Jones, fast response of 3.2 µs, high EQE‐bandwidth over 107 Hz, as well as excellent stability. More importantly, single‐microplate MAPbI3 photoconductors demonstrate ultra‐weak‐light imaging ability surpassing silicon counterparts. Furthermore, the successful integration of their microplate pixels showcases the promising prospect for integrated optoelectronics.
High Strength and Tough Ionogels with Bicontinuous Phase Network Structure Induced by Electrostatic Adsorption Triggered Microphase Separation
Authors: Cong Zhenhua , Cui Zeyu , Liu Chen , Wang Junlong , Huo Xiaosheng , Xu Junbin , Niu Jian
Published: September 2024

A simple one‐step approach is presented to fabricate high strength and tough ionogels by copolymerizing zwitterionic monomers and monomers rich in functional groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds within an ionic liquid. The electrostatic adsorption of ionic liquid by the polyzwitterionic segment induces the formation of a bicontinuous phase network structure consisting of a polymer‐rich phase and a solvent‐rich phase. Within this structure, a polymer‐rich phase with hydrogen bonds dissipates energy and enhances the toughness of the ionogel, while an elastic solvent‐rich phase facilitates significant strain. The prepared ionogels exhibit high fracture strength (8.89 MPa), toughness (41.12 MJ m−3), and Young's modulus (58.9 MPa). The critical point for triggering the formation of a bicontinuous phase network can be precisely controlled by the maximum adsorption capacity of the zwitterionic monomers for the ionic liquid. Ionogels at the critical point of bicontinuous phase network formation demonstrate excellent fatigue resistance, with residual strain of only ≈25% under 50% to 250% strain conditions, recovering to their original state within 5 s. Due to the widespread presence of electrostatic interactions, this strategy for constructing a bicontinuous phase network structure exhibits excellent adaptability across different ionic liquid systems.
Bioinspired Spectrally Selective Phase‐Change Composites for Enhanced Solar Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Xu Qiao , Liu Xianglei , Luo Qingyang , Yao Haichen , Tian Yang , Wang Jianguo , Lv Shushan , Xuan Yimin , Farid Mohammed
Published: September 2024

Integrating solar thermal conversion with phase change materials (PCMs) offers a promising pathway for continuous thermal energy generation with a zero‐carbon footprint. However, substantial infrared radiation losses at elevated temperatures often hinder the efficiency of such integrated systems. Inspired by the thermoregulation mechanisms of polar bears, this work introduces composite PCMs with spectrally selective absorption to enhance solar thermal energy storage efficiency. These composite phase change materials (CPCMs), featuring densely packed SiC ceramic grains with high porosity, exhibit a thermal conductivity of up to 14 W m−1 K−1 and an energy storage density of 195.1 kJ kg−1. The incorporation of nanoparticle‐coated foil induces a plasmonic effect that increases solar absorptivity to 90.57% and reduces infrared emissivity from 71.94% to 7.47%. Consequently, the solar thermal storage efficiency is significantly increased from 54.56% to 81.65% at 500 K, effectively addressing the challenges associated with high‐temperature solar thermal storage. Additionally, the low infrared emissivity of the c (PNC), combined with the inherent heat absorption properties of PCMs, enables infrared stealth functionality. These multifunctional CPCMs demonstrate considerable potential for advancing high‐temperature solar thermal storage technologies and other heat‐related applications.
Electrochemical Hydrogenation of Quinoline Enabled by Cu0‐Cu+ Dual Sites Coupled with Efficient Biomass Valorization in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Pan Yaoling , Bao Zhenyu , Wang Chen , Wang Zhengyu , Xu Penghui , Bai Xinwen , Shi Xiaowei , Zheng Huajun , Wang Hong‐En , Zheng Lingxia
Published: September 2024

The hydrogenation of nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic precursors in aqueous medium is challenging, especially at ambient temperature and pressure. Electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) of quinoline to 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) at mild conditions using water as the hydrogen source is demonstrated with splendid activity on a Cu‐based nonprecicous catalyst. The yield of THQ is up to ≈100% with ≈100% selectivity at −1.275 V vs Hg/HgO. The real active sites and key intermediates are deciphered, where the Lewis acid‐base sites on the heterointerface of Cu/Cu2O are beneficial to the quinoline adsorption in a dual‐site coordination configuration and water dissociation to afford H*. The presence of Cu0 plays a vital role in inhibiting the binding of H*, which ensures good Faradaic efficiency. In addition, a novel co‐production system by coupling benzyl alcohol oxidation at the anode is established, achieving dual benefits in both energy utilization efficiency and economic benefits.
Concave Grain Boundaries Stabilized by Boron Segregation for Efficient and Durable Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Geng Xin , Vega‐Paredes Miquel , Lu Xiaolong , Chakraborty Poulami , Li Yue , Scheu Christina , Wang Zhenyu , Gault Baptiste
Published: September 2024

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a critical process that limits the efficiency of fuel cells and metal‐air batteries due to its slow kinetics, even when catalyzed by platinum (Pt). To reduce Pt usage, enhancing both the specific activity and electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of Pt catalysts is essential. Here, ultrafine, grain boundary (GB)‐rich Pt nanoparticle assemblies are proposed as efficient ORR catalysts. These nanowires offer a large ECSA and a high density of concave GB sites, which improve specific activity. Atoms at these GB sites exhibit increased coordination and lattice distortion, leading to a favorable reduction in oxygen binding energy and enhanced ORR performance. Furthermore, boron segregation stabilizes these GBs, preserving active sites during catalysis. The resulting boron‐stabilized Pt nanoassemblies demonstrate ORR specific and mass activities of 9.18 mA cm−2 and 6.40 A mg−1Pt (at 0.9 V vs. RHE), surpassing commercial Pt/C catalysts by over 35‐fold, with minimal degradation after 60 000 potential cycles. This approach offers a versatile platform for optimizing the catalytic performance of a wide range of nanoparticle systems.
Synergistic Intramolecular Non‐Covalent Interactions Enable Robust Pure‐Blue TADF Emitters
Authors: Meng Qing‐yu , Shao Hao‐yun , Wang Rui , Yao Cheng‐yu , Wang Yi‐lei , Wen Xue‐liang , Xu Jing‐yi , Dai Yu , Qiao Juan
Published: September 2024

Stability‐issues of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) require further advancements, especially in pure‐blue range of CIEy < 0.20, existing a dilemma between color purity and device lifetime. Though improving bond‐dissociation‐energy (BDE) can effectively improve material intrinsic stability, strategies to simultaneously improve BDE and photophysical performances are still lacking. Herein, it is disclosed that synergistic intramolecular non‐covalent interactions (Intra‐NI) can achieve not only the highest C─N BDE among blue TADF materials, but enhanced molecular‐rigidity, near‐unity photoluminescent quantum yields and short delayed lifetime. Pure‐blue TADF‐OLEDs based on proof‐of‐concept TADF material realize high external‐quantum‐efficiency and record‐high LT80@500 cd m−2 of 109 h with CIEy = 0.16. Furthermore, deep‐blue TADF‐sensitized devices exhibit high LT80@500 cd m−2 of 81 h with CIEy = 0.10. The findings provide new insight into the critical role of Intra‐NI in OLED materials and open the way to tackling vexing stability issues for developing robust pure‐blue organic emitters and other functional materials.
Spin Manipulation of Heterogeneous Molecular Electrocatalysts by an Integrated Magnetic Field for Efficient Oxygen Redox Reactions
Authors: Yu Zixun , Zhang Di , Wang Yangyang , Liu Fangzhou , She Fangxin , Chen Jiaxiang , Zhang Yuefeng , Wang Ruijie , Zeng Zhiyuan , Song Li , Chen Yuan , Li Hao , Wei Li
Published: September 2024

Understanding the spin‐dependent activity of nitrogen‐coordinated single metal atom (M‐N‐C) electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) remains challenging due to the lack of structure‐defined catalysts and effective spin manipulation tools. Herein, both challenges using a magnetic field integrated heterogeneous molecular electrocatalyst prepared by anchoring cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) deposited carbon black on polymer‐protected magnet nanoparticles, are addressed. The built‐in magnetic field can shift the Co center from low‐ to high‐spin (HS) state without atomic structure modification, affording one‐order higher turnover frequency, a 50% increased H2O2 selectivity for ORR, and a ≈4000% magnetocurrent enhancement for OER. This catalyst can significantly minimize magnet usage, enabling safe and continuous production of a pure H2O2 solution for 100 h from a 100 cm2 electrolyzer. The new strategy demonstrated here also applies to other metal phthalocyanine‐based catalysts, offering a universal platform for studying spin‐related electrochemical processes.
Tyrosinase‐Woven Melanin Nets for Melanoma Therapy through Targeted Mitochondrial Tethering and Enhanced Photothermal Treatment
Authors: Tang Mian , Duan Tianshun , Lu Yunfeng , Liu Jinwei , Gao Cheng , Wang Ruibing
Published: September 2024

Manipulating intracellular biological processes and organelles has emerged as a pivotal strategy to influence cellular physiological functions. Mitochondria, recognized as the powerhouse of cells, play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and progression. Inspired by the Nature's tyrosinase‐catalyzed melanin formation within melanoma cells, here an approach is developed using a polysaccharide dually‐functionalized with tyrosine and triphenylphosphine (TPP) for targeted mitochondria cross‐linking in melanoma cells. This technique intricately weaves melanin nets within the cells, serving as a tether for the mitochondria and effectively decelerating tumor metabolism through nanoparticle‐net transformation. Tyrosinase acts as the “needle”, while the functionalized polysaccharide serves as the “string” successfully constructing nets within the cell. Furthermore, the tyrosinase‐catalyzed cross‐linking of tyrosine not only facilitates the production of artificial melanin but also enhances the photothermal conversion efficiency of melanoma cells, leading to decrease of the tumor growth. This study unveils a non‐drug method for regulating organelle physiological activity and introduces photothermal treatment. This work not only sheds light on the manipulation of cellular functions but also holds promise for advancing cancer therapeutic strategies.
Temperature‐Dependent Recombination Dynamics of Photocarriers in CsPbBr3 Microcrystals Revealed by Ultrafast Terahertz Spectroscopy
Authors: Lee Sheng H. , Moon Kyeongdeuk , Shoaib Muhammad , Pedorella Charles N. B. , O'Brien Kellen , Sher Meng‐Ju , Kim Seokhyoung , Cocker Tyler L.
Published: September 2024

The ultrafast dynamics of photoexcited charge carriers are studied in micron‐scale crystals composed of the inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 with time‐resolved terahertz spectroscopy. Exciting with photon energy close to the band edge, it is found that a fast (<10 ps) decay emerges in the terahertz photoconductivity with increasing pump fluence and decreasing temperature, dominating the dynamics at 4 K. The fluence‐dependent dynamics can be globally fit by a nonlinear recombination model, which reveals that the influence of different nonlinear recombination mechanisms in the studied pump fluence range depends on temperature. Whereas the Auger scattering rate decreases with decreasing temperature from 77 to 4 K, the radiative recombination rate increases by three orders of magnitude. Spectroscopically, the terahertz photoconductivity resembles a Drude response at all delays, yet an additional Lorentz component due to an above‐bandwidth resonance is needed to fully reproduce the data.
Bidirectionally Regulated Ultraviolet and Visible Dual‐Band Photoresponse Characteristics of Self‐Powered BiOI/WO3 Photodetectors
Authors: Liu Fan , Xu Jianping , Shi Shaobo , Li Jia , Pang Chengning , Kong Lina , Zhang Xiaosong , Li Lan
Published: September 2024

Images captured in inadequate illumination or uneven brightness conditions are prone to suffer from loss of detail and reduced contrast. Self‐powered BiOI/WO3 heterojunction PDs with bidirectionally regulated ultraviolet (UV) and visible dual‐band photoresponse characteristics can help to solve the problems. By varying the growth time of BiOI nanoflakes (NFs) on WO3 nanorod arrays (NRs), different stoichiometric ratios and crystal and band structures of BiOI are achieved. The I− ions migration inside the BiOI controlled by applying a pre‐bias voltage can induce the accumulation of polarized charges at the heterojunction interface, then alter the width of the depletion region as well as the height of the interface barrier, which in turn affects the dynamics of photo‐generated carriers. Upon applying a positive (negative) pre‐bias, the self‐powered photocurrent decreases (increases) in the UV band, whereas increases (decreases) in the visible band. Based on BiOI/WO3 heterojunction PDs, a machine vision imaging system is designed, which enhances image contrast and detail in strong and weak light conditions. This system facilitates rapid feature extraction and recognition, advancing the development of intelligent, real‐time digital machine vision systems.
Real‐Time Detection of Coherent Vibrational Dynamics in TiN Films
Authors: Iudica Andrea , Rotta Loria Silvia , Mancarella Cristina , Mascaretti Luca , Naldoni Alberto , Cerullo Giulio , Li Bassi Andrea , Zavelani‐Rossi Margherita
Published: September 2024

Titanium nitride (TiN) has recently gained considerable interest because of its remarkable plasmonic properties and for its strong electron–phonon (e–ph) coupling, leading to extremely fast (<100 fs) electron‐lattice cooling. Here, the generation of coherent phonons in TiN films is reported, along with their real‐time detection by means of broadband transient reflection spectroscopy with sub‐15‐fs temporal resolution. The measurements show damped oscillations, superimposed to excited state electronic decay. A coherent vibrational mode is revealed, with ≈10 THz frequency ascribed to defect‐activated normal modes, consistent with spontaneous Raman scattering data, and a dephasing time of ≈250 fs. Two π‐phase flips are also observed located at photon energies corresponding to interband optical transitions (at 3.2 and 2.5 eV), ascribed to selective coupling of the vibrational mode to these transitions; the energy modulation induced by the vibrational coherence is evaluated. It is shown that the displacive excitation of coherent phonons model describes the coherent response in terms of temporal behavior and of spectral amplitude profile. Overall, a comprehensive and detailed analysis of coherent phonons in TiN films, so far undected, is provided and relevant information on TiN photo‐physical properties, potentially useful for its applications, is given.
An Ultrasensitive Programmable 2D Photoelectric Synaptic Transistor
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Rao Gaofeng , Zhang Miao , Chen Xinrui , Cui Yi , Tian Haoxiang , Wang Mingjie , Jiang TianTian , Chen Aitian , Yan Chaoyi , Wang Xianfu
Published: September 2024

The burgeoning advancement of information technology has engendered a discernible surge in the examination of neuromorphic devices, notably drawing broader attention to artificial vision systems endowed with sensory recognition capabilities. Current photoelectric synapse devices employed in artificial vision systems are generally well‐suited for well‐illuminated conditions, yet exhibit diminished sensitivity in weak‐light scenarios, resulting in a pronounced deterioration of recognition accuracy. Here, an ultrasensitive photoelectric synaptic transistor based on negative quantum capacitance effect resulted from the 2D semi‐metallic graphene layer that partially enclosed within the gate dielectric layer, which manifests a noteworthy reduction in device control voltage and exhibits perception and storage capabilities for weak light of 39.4 nW cm−2 with detectivity above 1016 cm Hz1/2 W−1 is demonstrated. The voltage amplification effect and the concomitant formation of an equivalent local electrostatic field induced by the negative quantum capacitance effect engenders a robust programmable synaptic plasticity for extremely weak light by modifying the control gate. These results represent the inaugural integration of the negative quantum capacitance effect into optoelectronic devices and furnish a robust hardware foundation for developing vision systems in weak‐light environments.
Cs/FA Gradient Distribution in Perovskite NCs Enables Sub‐Nanometer Spectral Regulation and BT.2020 Pure‐Green Electroluminescence
Authors: Yang Linxiang , Zhou Yihui , Xiang Hengyang , Yuan Shichen , Shan Qingsong , Zhang Shuai , Zou Yousheng , Li Yan , Chen Hongting , Fang Tao , Yan Danni , Xie An , Zeng Haibo
Published: September 2024

Lead halide perovskite exhibits great prospects in next‐generation display. However, single‐cation inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) still suffer from offset gamut coordinates determined by bandgap, short operating life, and low‐efficiency in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), on account of the limitations in lattice stability and defect levels. Here, a thermodynamic co‐competition strategy is proposed for fabricating Cs1−xFAxPbBr3 NCs, which reveals the spatial distribution of A‐site cations and the improvement of photoelectronic performance. This strategy achieves precise control of NCs in the pure‐green range with an accuracy of sub‐nanometer, further promotes the comprehensively filling‐suppressing effect of incongruous lattice and surface defects. Finally, the high‐precision adjusting in electroluminescence is achieved, and the champion device achieves a CIE coordinate of (0.121, 0.788), meeting the pure‐green range in BT.2020. Simultaneously, the PeLED demonstrates an EQE exceeding 20% with superior stability, accompanied by 20‐fold improvement in lifetime, indicating tremendous potential in next‐generation display.
Aqueous Afterglow Dispersion Enabling On‐Site Ratiometric Sensing of Mercury Ions
Authors: Cai Minjuan , Luo Wuzhen , Li Feiming , Cai Shunyou , Yin Guangqiang , Chen Tao , Cai Zhixiong
Published: September 2024

Pollution caused by heavy metal ions has become a global issue owing to their severe threat to the ecological environment and human health. However, it remains a considerable challenge to detect heavy metal ions in an efficient, selective, and high signal‐to‐noise ratio way. Herein, a portable and sensitive method is presented to probe Hg2+ by using an ultralong afterglow dispersion. The in situ encapsulation of phosphorescent carbon dots (CDs) within rigid hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) leads to ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) in water with a maximum lifetime of up to 974.86 ms. Moreover, the resultant CDs@HOFs material exhibits robust and long‐term RTP emission with enhanced performance under strongly acidic or alkaline conditions, which contributes to the practical detection of Hg2+ in water. As such, an efficient and sensitive afterglow probe is facilely fabricated by integrating CDs@HOFs with a Hg2+ probe Rhodamine B derivative (RhBTh), demonstrating selective sensing of Hg2+ with greatly improved signal‐to‐noise ratios based on the triplet‐singlet Förster resonance energy transfer system (TS‐FRET). This work not only provides a reliable and versatile method for realizing robust RTP emission in water, but also expands the applications of afterglow materials in the field of optical sensing of toxic analytes.
Interplay of Circularly Polarized Light with Molecular and Structural Chirality: Chiral Lanthanide Complexes and Cellulose Nanocrystals
Authors: Cei Matteo , Operamolla Alessandra , Zinna Francesco
Published: September 2024

The interaction of circularly polarized (CP) light with chiral matter at different scales opens several possibilities of light manipulation in photonic and electronic devices. Here it is shown that in a multilayer architecture, it is possible to take advantage of the polarization‐selective reflection of the nematic arrangement of cellulose nanocrystals and the strong intrinsic CP luminescence (CPL) of the various bands of chiral Eu complexes. In this way, both the intrinsic CPL and total emission of the complex are modified depending on the enantiomer applied and on the detection geometry. This concept may apply for polarization control in electronic and photonic devices and polarized optical cavities.
Photocatalyzed Arylthiolation/Cyclization of 3‐(2‐(Ethynyl)phenyl)Quinazolinones with Disulfides towards Arylthiolated Quinolino[2,1‐b]Quinazolinones
Authors: Zeng Fanlin , Yuan Jinwei , Jiang Junru , Zhang Meiyue , Zhang Sanyu , Yin Yanli , Yang Liangru , Xiao Yongmei , Qu Lingbo
Published: September 2024

An approach to the synthesis of arylthiolated quinolino[2,1‐b]quinazolinones has been developed using unactivated alkynes containing quinazolinones and diaryldisulfides under visible light irradiation. The procedure entails a sequential radical arylthiolation and cyclization reaction. A possible radical mechanism has been investigated and proven as a single electron transfer (SET) process.
Controllable Synthesis of Oxa‐/Thia‐Spirohydroquinolines by [3+(2+1)] Annulation of Aromatic Amines with Bimolecular O/S‐Heterocyclic Ketones
Authors: Mei Lan , Li Mu‐Han , Tian Wen‐Chan , Fan Wei‐Qian , Li Liu‐Bin , Li Qiang , Zhai Cai , Zhu Chen , Wei Wen‐Ting
Published: September 2024

[3+(2+1)] Annulation represents the most straightforward and atom‐economical strategies in organic synthesis for the efficient construction of diverse cyclic structural units and complex molecules. Herein, we present a Lewis acid Sc(OTf)3‐catalyzed controlled synthesis of two different regioselective oxa/thia‐spirohydroquinolines (C=C at the α/β‐site of O/S‐atom) from aromatic amines and bimolecular O/S‐heterocyclic ketones via intermolecular [3+(2+1)] annulation. This method features mild reaction conditions, high step economy and atom utilization, and the O/S‐heterocyclic ketone can act as both two‐ and one‐carbon synthons. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the intrinsic cause of this unique regioselectivity is caused by the proton abstraction step.
LncRNA FAISL Inhibits Calpain 2‐Mediated Proteolysis of FAK to Promote Progression and Metastasis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yunmei , Wei Shiyu , Chen Zhengjie , Xu Rui , Li Shu‐Rong , You Lili , Wu Ruiyue , Zhang Yin , Liao Jian‐You , Xu Xiaoding , Song Erwei , Luo Man‐Li
Published: September 2024

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype in breast tumors. When re‐analyzing TCGA breast cancer dataset, we found cell adhesion molecules are highly enriched in differentially expressed genes in TNBC samples, among which Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is most significantly associated with poor survival of TNBC patients. FAK is precisely modulated in the focal adhesion dynamics. To investigate whether lncRNAs regulate FAK signaling, we performed RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing and found FAISL (FAK Interacting and Stabilizing LncRNA) abundantly enriched in FAK‐interacting lncRNAs and frequently overexpressed in TCGA TNBC tissues. FAISL promotes TNBC cell adhesion, cytoskeleton spreading, proliferation, and anchor‐independent survival. FAISL doesn't affect FAK mRNA but positively regulates FAK protein level by blocking Calpain 2‐mediated proteolysis. FAISL interacts with the C‐terminus domain of FAK, whereby masks the binding site of Calpain 2 and prevents FAK cleavage. High level of FAISL correlates with FAK expression in tumor tissues and poor prognosis of TNBC patients. A siRNA delivery system targeting FAISL using reduction‐responsive nanoparticles effectively inhibits tumor growth and metastasis in TNBC mouse models. Together, these findings uncover a lncRNA‐mediated mechanism of regulating FAK proteolysis in the TNBC progression, and highlight the potential of targeting lncRNA FAISL for TNBC treatment.
A Multi‐Omics, Machine Learning‐Aware, Genome‐Wide Metabolic Model of Bacillus Subtilis Refines the Gene Expression and Cell Growth Prediction
Authors: Bi Xinyu , Cheng Yang , Lv Xueqin , Liu Yanfeng , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian , Liu Long
Published: September 2024

Given the extensive heterogeneity and variability, understanding cellular functions and regulatory mechanisms through the analysis of multi‐omics datasets becomes extremely challenging. Here, a comprehensive modeling framework of multi‐omics machine learning and metabolic network models are proposed that covers various cellular biological processes across multiple scales. This model on an extensive normalized compendium of Bacillus subtilis is validated, which encompasses gene expression data from environmental perturbations, transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, protein translation, and growth measurements. Comparison with high‐throughput experimental data shows that EM_iBsu1209‐ME, constructed on this basis, can accurately predict the expression of 605 genes and the synthesis of 23 metabolites under different conditions. This study paves the way for the construction of comprehensive biological databases and high‐performance multi‐omics metabolic models to achieve accurate predictive analysis in exploring complex mechanisms of cell genotypes and phenotypes.
Intrinsically Stable Charged Domain Walls in Molecular Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Li Xin , Li Cheng , Zhou Linming , Guo Xiangwei , Huang Yuhui , Zhang Hui , Dong Shurong , Wu Yongjun , Hong Zijian
Published: September 2024

Charged domain walls in ferroelectrics hold great promise for applications in ferroelectric random‐access memory (FeRAM), with advantages such as low energy consumption, high density, and non‐destructive operation. Due to the mechanical compatibility condition, the neutral domain walls are dominant in traditional ferroelectric thin films. Herein, using phase‐field simulations, the formation of intrinsically stable charged domain walls (CDWs) in the molecular ferroelectric films is demonstrated, which can be mainly attributed to the small mechanical stiffness. The switching kinetics are further investigated for the CDWs, showing a lower switching barrier as compared to the neutral counterparts. Moreover, it is indicated that increasing the compressive misfit strain can lead to prolonged switching time, with a significantly increased switching energy barrier. These findings pave the way for the potential applications of metal‐free organic ferroelectric materials in FeRAM devices.
Toward Practical Li–S Batteries: On the Road to a New Electrolyte
Authors: Song Xiaosheng , Liang Xinghui , Eko Juliana , Sun H. Hohyun , Kim Jae‐Min , Kim Hun , Sun Yang‐Kook
Published: September 2024

The lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery system has attracted considerable attention due to its ultrahigh theoretical energy density and promising applications. However, with the increasing demands on S loading and electrolyte content, practical Li–S batteries still face several serious challenges, such as slow reaction kinetics at the cathode interface, unstable anode interface reactions, and undesirable crosstalk effects between the cathode and anode. Traditional electrolyte systems often struggle to address these challenges under practical conditions, thereby rendering it imperative to establish a new electrolyte system for practical Li–S batteries. This review first discusses the necessity of establishing a new electrolyte and propose specific parameter requirements, such as the electrolyte‐to‐sulfur mass ratio (Em/S). Subsequently, some electrolyte modification strategies proposed by researchers are summarized to address the different challenges associated with practical Li–S batteries. Finally, the combination of different strategies is reviewed, aiming to reveal more effective design approaches that simultaneously address multiple challenges, while providing guidance for establishing a new balanced electrolyte for practical Li–S batteries. This article promotes the development of new electrolytes for practical Li–S batteries and can act as a reference for the development of electrolytes for other secondary batteries.
Rational Construction of Heterostructures with n‐Type Anti‐Barrier Layer for Enhanced Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Chen Rongxin , Cheng Li , Dai Xize , He Xinyu , Nguyen Trang Thuy , Shen Ze Xiang
Published: September 2024

As a type of 2D materials, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have emerged as potential candidates for electrochemical energy storage materials. To address their challenges of limited active sites and sluggish charge transfer kinetics, etc., this work presents an ingenious synchronous topochemical pathway (STP) method that enables the in situ anchoring of numerous nanosized Co9S8 on the rigid layers of LDHs. These n‐type anti‐barrier layers, generated by the ohmic contact between a quasi‐metal (Co9S8) and n‐type semiconductor (LDHs), alter the energy band structure and electron states near the Fermi level, optimizing the intrinsic conductivity and deprotonation reaction barriers of LDH materials. The prepared NiCoAl‐LDHs@Co9S8 (LCS) electrode exhibits remarkable electrochemical capacity (473.2 mAh g−¹ at 1 A g−¹) and operational stability (91.2% capacity retention after 20,000 cycles). Furthermore, an aqueous battery device constructed with LCS cathode and Fe‐Ni sulfide (FNS) anode demonstrates an impressive energy density of 118.5 Wh kg−¹ at a power density of 800 W kg−¹. This generalized structural design strategy achieves multiple enhancements in active sites, charge transfer efficiency, and structural stability of LDH materials, providing insights into the potential relationships between energy band and electrochemical performance in energy storage materials.
A Fluorinated Lewis Acidic Organoboron Tunes Polysulfide Complex Structure for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Gao Siyuan , Li Bomin , Zhu Qijia , Yang Jingtian , Xu Jiayi , An Bowen , Liu Cong , Wu Qin , Liu Qian , Zhang Zhengcheng , Cheng Yingwen
Published: September 2024

Many challenges in lithium‐sulfur (Li–S) batteries are associated with the radical change in lithium polysulfide (LPS) solubility during cycling, but chemical approaches to address such inconsistency are still lacking. Here, the use of a strong Lewis acidic fluorinated organoboron, tri(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl) borate (TFEB), is reported as a multi‐functional mediator to simultaneously overcome multiple technical barriers in practical Li–S batteries. TFEB acts as an anion acceptor and forms strong molecular complexes with Lewis basic LPS. The TFEB‐LPS complexes have consistent solubility across the full polysulfide spectrum and deliver several times improved better redox kinetics, unlocking a true redox catalytic mechanism that covers the majority of redox events in thick sulfur cathodes. As a result, Li–S batteries evaluated under practical conditions exhibit significantly improved discharge capacity, rate capability, and cycling stability with the addition of the TFEB additive. More importantly, TFEB also contributes to the stabilization of lithium anode in the presence of polysulfides by generating strong interfacial film. These attributes significantly improve the cycling stability of practical Li–S pouch cells, which are assembled with a unit energy density of 219 Wh kg−1. The results provide new molecular insights on the design of unlocking solvation networks of practical Li–S systems.
High‐Capacity, Long‐Life All‐Solid‐State Lithium–Selenium Batteries Enabled by Lithium Iodide Active Additive
Authors: Ge Huilin , Huang Dulin , Geng Chuannan , Cui Xichen , Li Qiang , Zhang Xu , Yang Chunpeng , Zhou Zhen , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: September 2024

Selenium (Se) shows promise as a cathode candidate for all‐solid‐state lithium (Li) batteries due to its impressive theoretical volumetric energy density, much higher electronic conductivity, and improved safety in comparison to those for sulfur (S). An active cathode additive, lithium iodide (LiI) is demonstrated, to address the major challenge for all‐solid‐state Li–Se batteries, namely the sluggish redox kinetics resulting from the huge solid‐state conversion barrier. The LiI additive enhances Li+ transport and provides catalytic sites for Se cathode, thus endowing the batteries with accelerated reaction kinetics and extra capacity. DFT calculation and experimental analysis clearly reveal that LiI additive efficiently accelerates the conversion between polyselenide intermediates and Li2Se. With the above advantages, the battery with LiI using Li6PS5Br electrolyte gives an outstanding capacity of 862 mAh gSe−1 beyond the theoretical specific capacity of Se and a superlong life over 1800 cycles at 1C under room temperature. This work offers a simple strategy to facilitate the kinetics of all‐solid‐state Se cathodes and paves the way for the practicality of high‐capacity and long‐life all‐solid‐state Li–Se batteries.
Who Is a Better Bargainer?
Authors: Geng Linling
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a sophisticated model for evaluating bargaining power within the agricultural production service market, using data from China's Land Economy Survey and the bilateral stochastic frontier model. The findings indicate: (1) Suppliers elevate prices by 26.77% above the benchmark, while demanders reduce them by 24.36%, culminating in a market price that surpasses the benchmark. (2) Labor outflow and aging populations drive suppliers to further increase market prices. (3) Variations in individual characteristics underpin the disparity in bargaining power between suppliers and demanders. The study underscores the disadvantaged and heterogeneous nature of farmers (demanders), advocating for a recalibration of subsidy distribution to benefit farmers directly, rather than agricultural production service organizations, and the establishment of differentiated subsidy systems.