bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Development of Titanium Alloys for Spinal Fixation Applications-Titanium Alloys with High Fatigue Strength and Low Springback for Spinal Fixation Applications-
Authors: Niinomi Mitsuo , Nakai Masaaki , Hieda Junko , Cho Ken , Narita Kengo
Published: September 2013

The fatigue strength of the newly developed β-type titanium alloy Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (referred to as TNTZ) is important for its applications in spinal fixation rods. Enhancements in the fatigue strength of TNTZ upon solution treatmnet and thermo-mechanical processing (aging after severe cold-caliber rolling or sever cold-swaging) have been investigated. Aging the rods at 723 K for 259.2 ks after cold-swaging is shown to be the optimal thermo-mechanical processing method for the TNTZ rod , yeilding a high 0.2% proof stress of about 1200 MPa, high elongation of 18%, and high fatigue strength of 950 MPa. High springback is undesirable for application of TNTZ spinal-fixation rods. To reduce springback, a High Youngs modulus is required; on the other hand, a low Youngs modulus is beneficial to reduce bone absorption and obtain good bone remodeling. To achieve a balance between these two factors, TNTZ has been modified by adding Cr to obtain an alloy with a high Youngs modulus at the deformed region and a low Youngs modulus throughout the undeformed region. TNTZ-8Ti-2Cr and TNTZ-16Ti-4Cr are novel alloys whose β phase is more stable than that of TNTZ. Only the β phase is present in these alloys, which exhibit relatively low Youngs moduli of <65 GPa after solution treatment, and higher Youngs moduli after cold rolling, owing to a deformation-induced ω-phase transformation. These modified TNTZ alloys show significantly less springback than the original TNTZ, based on tensile and loadingunloading bending tests.
Research and Design of an Equipment for Multi-Point Press Forming Sheet Metal Parts
Authors: Ma Ru Yu , Ding Hua , Yang De Yong
Published: September 2013

The premise of the flexible multi-point die stamping processing is that each punch can be adjusted to required position. Using numerical control technique, punches can be adjusted by stepping motors through driving screw rods. But each punch requires a stepping motor in this equipment. This kind of equipment is much expensive. In addition, the distance between adjacent punches is much big. Thus, this kind of equipments is not suitable for processing some small and medium-sized sheet metal parts. A new kind of equipment for press forming sheet metal parts is presented. Only two DC motors are needed to adjust punches of male and female moulds in this kind of equipment. Punches can be arranged more closely. This kind of equipments can be used to process small and medium-sized sheet metal parts.
Influence of Negative Voltage on Micro-Arc Oxidation of Magnesium Alloy under Two Steps Voltage-Increasing Mode
Authors: Jiang Xi Zhi , Lu Sheng , Tang Li , Wang Ze Xin , Chen Jing
Published: September 2013

The effects of different negative voltages on micro-arc oxidation coating fabricated on ZK60 Mg alloy were investigated under two steps increasing mode of 280-360V. The microstructure, coating thickness and corrosion resistance of coatings were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), microscope with super-depth of field and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Current-time responses during MAO process were also analyzed combined with coating characteristic. The results reveal that higher negative voltage helped to develop a compact, smooth, thicker and better corrosion-resistant coating. The coating with maximum thickness of about 20.2μm formed under negative voltage of 20V exhibits higher impedance value and the best corrosion resistance.
Structure and Dielectric Properties of Mn, Co, and Ni-Doped LaSrFeO3 Films
Authors: Fu Bin , Hou Yang Lu , Wu Wei Bing , Fu Xing Hua
Published: September 2013

Mn, Co, and Ni-doped La0.5Sr0.5FeO3thin films were prepared by the sol-gel technique. The structure and dielectric properties of the films were studied by XRD, SEM, and electrical measurements. The morphology observation demonstrated these films had uniform grain size and smooth surface. The dielectric properties of La0.5Sr0.5FeO3films were improved by the replacement of Fe with Mn, Co, and Ni. The doping amount of Mn, Co, and Ni for the optimal dielectric properties of La0.5Sr0.5FeO3films is 5%, 2%, and 3%, respectively. The observed pure perovskite phase of the doped films suggested the dissolution of Mn, Co, and Ni in La0.5Sr0.5FeO3crystal lattice.
Research of PSS on the Inhibiting Effect of Low Frequency Oscillation
Authors: Li Ang
Published: September 2013

With the continuous spreading of scale in power system and introducing of fast excitation system, the problem of low frequency oscillation which is arosed because of lacking-damping becomes worse and worse. This paper analyzes the mechanism reasons of insufficient-damping, using an auxiliary control unitpower system stabilizer (PSS) to increase the damping torque. Through established a simulation model of excitation control system on a typical single machine-infinite bus system, simulates the synchronous generators transient operating characteristics under large and small disturbances, and the simulation results show that the design can improve the system damping and the generator operating characteristics, increase power system dynamic stability.
Zinc Coating Failure Analysis and Sheet Formability during Hot-Dip Galvanized Sheet Stamping
Authors: Wang Lei Gang , Zhou Ting , Huang Yao
Published: September 2013

By doing Erichsen experiments, samples of hot-dip galvanized sheet under different Erichsen depths (ED) were got. Surface and cross-section of these samples were analyzed by using SEM and EDS, which can show morphology and chemical composition respectively. Failure modes of galvanized sheet under different ED were researched. Then evolution process of zinc coating failure and effects of it on galvanized sheet formability were discussed. The results indicate that during hot-dip galvanized sheet stamping, zinc coating will pulverize, exfoliate and fracture for influence of friction and forming force, which leads to decrease of galvanized sheet formability.
Catalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B with Cobalt Phthalocyanine Supported Hydrotalcites
Authors: Xu Min Hong , Zhu Ma Li
Published: September 2013

Rhodamine B is one of biodegradable azo dyes. In this thesis, the CoPc-LDHs were prepared by applying cobalt phthalocyanine on the Mg-Al hydrotalcites, and catalytic oxidation decolorization of rhodamine B (RhB) was studied. The results shown that compared with H2O2, CoPc-LDHs play a key role in catalytic oxidation of RhB. The optimal conditions about CoPc-LDHs/H2O2 system were H2O2 (30% w/w) 1.50 mL, pH 7 and 62.5°C. The catalytic oxidation decolorization effect of RhB reduced with the increase of initial concentration of RhB.
The Mineral Composition and Microstructure of MAC Cementing Material Prepared Using Hydrated Lime
Authors: Liu Yong Jie , Chen Lin , Liu Shi Quan , Shi Rui Xia
Published: September 2013

MAC cementing material was in-situ synthesized with different ratios of raw materials and sintering temperatures. The raw materials include hydrated lime, magnesite and alumina. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the major mineral phases in the MAC are monocalcium aluminate (CA), magnesium aluminate spinel (MA) and calcium aluminate (C7A12). The relative contents of the mineral and amorphous phase were simply calculated based on the relative diffraction peaks and MgO-Al2O3-CaO ternary phase diagram. SEM and EDS analysis indicate that the MAC cementing material includes layered structured CA, long strip C7A12 and octahedral MA.
Reaction of CO2 and CS2 with Aniline Catalyzed by AlCl3 under Mild Condition
Authors: Xu Hong Xing , Yuan Xin Hua
Published: September 2013

The reactions of aniline with CO2and CS2were investigated in the presence of sublimed AlCl3under the mild conditions (room temperature and ambient atmosphere). Reasonable mechanism, electrophilic substitution of carbonium and nitronium, was also provided according to GC/MS analysis of the reaction products. The resulting N,N-diphenylurea (DPU, high selectivity of 92.5mol%) and N,N-diphenyl thiourea (DPTU, high yield and selectivity of 80.1mol% and 99.7mol%, respectively) were purified by recrystallizing from ethanol and identified by melting point, element analysis, GC/MS, FTIR, UV and1H NMR data.
A Study on Improving the Adhesiveness between Granite and Asphalt by Nano-Scaled Calcium Carbonate
Authors: Hao Xiu Hong , Wang Yan Min , Zhang Ai Qin
Published: September 2013

Granite, due to the poor adhesiveness with asphalt, cannot be widely used as aggregate in asphalt pavement. In this study, nanoscaled calcium carbonate (CaCO3), was selected as modifier to modify asphalt. The adhesion of aggregate and asphalt was evaluated by Boiling test method and the Marshall Test and Immersion Marshall Test were conducted on asphalt concrete (AC-16) according to the Standard Test Methods of Bitumen and Bituminous Mixture for Highway Engineering (JTG E20-2011). The results showed that When the Doping content of CaCO3 (%) is 7%, the adhesion levels reached up to 5 grade and achieved the project requirements. The Immersion Marshall Stability (MS1) of AC-16 CaCO3 modified asphalt concrete can improve 27.6% than that the Matrix asphalt concrete.
The Effect of PEG on Performance of Li0.96Na0.04Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 as Cathode Material
Authors: Gong Chun Xia , Bankole Oluwatosin Emmanued , Lei Li Xu
Published: September 2013

Li0.96Na0.04Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2with PEG400 or PEG2000 as additive was synthesized by coprecipitation method. Xray diffraction pattern reveals that both the products with PEG400 and PEG2000 are pure phase. Scanning Electron Microscopy shows that the average sizes of the powders are 100 nm and 80 nm, respectively. The sample with PEG 2000 has initial discharge capacity (205.8 Mah×g1) and the sample with PEG 400 exhibits good cycle performance with the capacity retention of 86.34 % after 90 cycles compared to that has no additive (167.6 mAh.g-1and 71.18 %) in the cut-off voltage of 2.0-4.5 V at 0.1 C rate. Therefore, PEG400 or PEG2000 as additive should improve the performance of Li0.96Na0.04Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2cathode material.
Synthesis and Characterization of N,N-Dimethyl Dodecyl-(4-Vinyl Benzyl) Ammonium Chloride
Authors: Li Jiu , Song Xue Jing , Yang Rong Jie
Published: September 2013

In this investigation, dodecyl dimethyl (vinylbenzyl) ammonium chloride is synthesized through the reaction between 4-vinylbenzyl chloride and N,N-dimethyl-dodecylamine. This resultant compound is characterized by H-NMR, FTIR, TGA, and antibacterial assays. It is found that this chemical reaction is achievable. Moreover, it is also observed that this compound have good thermal ability, and its decomposition temperature is 207°C. The antibacterial tests prove that it have excellent antibacterial abilities against E.coli and S. aureus. Therefore, these results are demonstrated that it can be applied in bulk modification of polymers for better antibacterial and mechanical properties.
Synthesis of Poly[Cyclotriphosphazene-Co-(4, 4'-Sulfonyldiphenol)] Microspheres Grafted by Water-Soluble Chitosan
Authors: Zhang Xiao Yan , Han Tong Wei , Zhang Qi , Wu Jing Bo
Published: September 2013

Poly [cyclotriphosphazene-co-(4, 4-sulfonyldiphenol)] microspheres grafted by water-soluble chitosan (PZSMS-g-Cs) were successfully prepared via a facile strategy. The water-soluble chitosan, which has low polymerization degree and narrow molecular weight distribution, was prepared by degradation from common macromolecular chitosan. The morphology and structure of PZSMS-g-Cs were characterized by SEM and TEM. The successful fabrication of PZSMS-g-Cs was confirmed by FTIR. The product PZSMS-g-Cs was found to have good water soluble property. The paper presents a simple, economic and efficient route to preparing functional hybrid inorganic-organic microspheres with good water soluble property.
Modeling of Polyurethane's Shape Memory Effects and Recovery Time under Different Recovery Temperatures
Authors: Luo Ling , Jia Yu Xi , Wang Xiao Xia , Wang Zhao Jing , Gao Jun Peng , Yi Xiao Su
Published: September 2013

Shape memory polymer (SMP), which has attracted lots of attentions recently, is a kind of smart material. The thermally induced SMPs can remember two different shapes because of the combined functions of polymers molecular architecture, morphology and the specific multi-step processing technology named shape memory creation programming. This paper aims to analyze Polyurethanes shape memory properties based on the viscoelastic theory. First, the Polyurethanes creep and relaxation performances are simulated using Maxwell-Weichert model. The simulated results of relaxation process are found in good agreement with the experimental results. Later, same model is used to describe Polyurethanes shape memory effects in strain-controlled situation. As the results show, Polyurethanes shape recovery ratios are almost 100%, whereas shape fixing properties are relatively poor. Moreover, as shown by the simulated results of recovery time under different recovery temperatures, recovery time shortens along with the increase of recovery temperature.
Treatment of a Large Cystic Lesion in Anterior Maxilla Using Glass Reinforced Hydroxyapatite – A Case Report
Authors: Pavan Kumar G. , Vijayakumar R. , Naga Sowmya B. , Nandyala Sooraj Hussain , Lopes M.A. , Santos José Domingos
Published: September 2013

Jaw cysts are common lesions in the maxillofacial area. Their treatment varies from surgical enucleation alone to enucleation followed by bone grafting depending on the size of the lesion. Various bone substitutes ranging from autografts, allografts, xenografts and alloplasts have been tried and tested with varying degrees of success. Here, the author present a case report of large cystic lesion of anterior maxilla and its treatment using a glass reinforced hydroxyapatite composite (Bonelike®) following enucleation. One year follow up demonstrated satisfactory clinical and radiological treatment outcomes.Keywords: Jaw cyst, enucleation, defect filling, alloplast, Bonelike®, bone grafts.
Design and Modeling of FEM Seals with Controlled Clamp Spring Elements
Authors: Apostoł Marcin , Jurkiewicz Andrzej , Rajda Łukasz
Published: September 2013

The theme of this article is the design and strength analysis for two types of rotary seals which use shape memory materials to the radial terminal. In this paper, basic types of technical seals were brought up and shape memory materials were described. Based on these pieces of information and product catalogue of Trelleborg, there were designed two types of seals with coils of wire and shape memory. After the project of building the seals was prepared, strength tests were carried out in ANSYS Workbench program. In the case of the seal type TRG two types of analysis were carried out: the first simulating the assembly of the seal, and the second, which is the extension of the first, including additionally the coil terminal of wire. For the seal type TRA, two types of analysis were conducted as well: the first including assembly and coil terminal and the second comprising additionally loading the seal with working pressure. After selecting the materials, declaring the environment and the loads with accordance to the findings of the analyses and performing computations the results were provided. As the output there were chosen: the total reduced deformation, reduced stress and reduced load.
Simulation of 2S1 Tracked Vehicle Model with Modernized Suspension System during Crossing a Single Obstacle
Authors: Nabagło Tomasz , Jurkiewicz Andrzej , Apostoł Marcin , Micek Piotr
Published: September 2013

In the article, three alternative models of 2S1 platform suspension system are presented. First model is based on existing construction of 2S1 platform suspension. Two next were modernized by usage of new solutions in tracked vehicles suspension technology. The solutions are especially associated with torsion spring element and idler mechanism. The authors have assumed simulation conditions for straight line driving of the vehicle models, while they overcome a single obstacle with one track. Results of all models simulations are compared and analyzed to improve stability of the vehicle while driving. There are also used a human response filter to determine less harmful driving conditions for vehicle crew.
Model Testing of the 2nd Phase of Die Casting Process
Authors: Dańko Rafał , Stojek Jerzy
Published: September 2013

nvestigations of filling the model mould cavity (with perpendicular walls) of the casting die by model liquids of various density and viscosity are presented in the paper. Influence of localisation of the inlet system and inlet velocity on the flow character of model liquids of different viscosity in the system of a cold-chamber casting die was tested. Calculations performed by means of the calculation module NOVACAST (NOVAFLOW&SOLID) for the selected models of cavities cast by the pressure method are also presented in the paper.
FEM Analysis of a Cantilever Sandwich Beam with MR Fluid Based on ANSYS
Authors: Romaszko Mateusz , Węgrzynowski Marcin
Published: September 2013

The study covers the modeling three-layered beam incorporating a magnetorheological (MR) fluid. The beam finite element model was created using the ANSYS software. The beam comprises two outer layers made of aluminium and MR fluid layer in between, sealed with silicone rubber. Interactions of the magnetic field are taken into account by varying the parameters of the finite elements. Data required for identification were collected from results of measurement of the beams free vibrations. The identification procedure assumes the good agreement between the frequencies of the beams free vibrations and dimensionless damping coefficients obtained from research and computation data. The validity of proposed beams finite element model was also investigated. Finally some numerical results were presented.
Application of CFD in Hydraulic Directional Valve Modeling
Authors: Rosikowski Piotr , Jędrzykiewicz Zenon
Published: September 2013

The paper considers the task of using computational fluid dynamics in order to upgrade a hydraulic directional valve, which works in mining powered roof support. The modernization is focused on changing the design parameters of the valve so as to reduce pressure drop and thus increase its capacity. In addition emphasis was placed on verifying the simulation results in transient states with the results obtained on the research station.
A Project of a System for Measuring Child's Foot Pressure on a Shoe Sole
Authors: Apostoł Marcin , Siwiecki Marcin
Published: September 2013

The project of the system to measure a child's foot pressure on the sole of a shoe is the theme of this article. The skeletal system and muscular system of human foot were discussed. The movement of the foot was also depicted. The definition of gait and gait phases were explained. In the next part of this thesis, the project of system to measure a child's foot pressure on the sole of a shoe was presented. The thesis includes: the specification of the force-sensitive resistors (FSR), their arrangement and connection method. The electronic circuit diagram of the measurement system was designed. All electronic components such as: microcontroller, analog switches, operational amplifiers, multiplexers and RS485 transceivers were discussed in detail. The project of printed circuit board was also created.
Combination of Irinotecan and a Platinum Agent for Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
Authors: Ramella Munhoz Rodrigo , de Mendonça Rego Juliana Florinda , de Celis Ferrari Anezka Rubim , Ignez Braghiroli Maria , Mendonça Bariani Giovanni , Marcelo Hoff Paulo , Perego Costa Frederico , Eduardo Flesch Pfiffer Túlio , Riechelmann Rachel
Published: September 2013

Extrapulmonary poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PDNEC) is a rare and highly aggressive neoplasm for which the optimal chemotherapy remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients with PDNEC treated with cisplatin and irinotecan (IP) and perform a review of the literature. From 2008 to 2012, patients with advanced PDNEC (Ki67≥20%) who received the IP combination were selected for analysis. Radiologic responses were determined through Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors criteria. Twenty-eight patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 57 years and the most common presentation was pancreatic PDNEC. Twenty-five patients (89%) received chemotherapy with cisplatin and irinotecan and three received carboplatin and irinotecan. Forty-six percent of the patients achieved objective response and the median time to tumor progression was 3.7 months. The median overall survival was 11.7 months. Thirteen patients (46%) had treatment interruptions or dose reductions due to grade 3/4 toxicity. This retrospective cohort of advanced extrapulmonary PDNEC patients suggests that the IP combination is feasible and resulted in similar response rate and median survival to other treatments previously reported.
Peristomal Pagetoid Spread of Urothelial Carcinoma of the Ureter
Authors: Ito Fumio , Kihara Ken , Shiomi Koh , Ishizaki Sumiko , Tanaka Masaru , Aiba Motohiko , Fujibayashi Mariko , Nakazawa Hayakazu
Published: September 2013

Patients with ostomy including urinary stoma often develop peristomal complications, especially skin damage. The patient in this case was a 69-year old female with a history of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and left ureter who underwent transurethral resection of a bladder tumor, nephroureterectomy and cystectomy combined with ureterocutaneostomy. Later, she had recurrence of urothelial carcinoma in the remaining ureter that spread to the peristomal epidermis, with a skin appearance resembling Paget's disease. We report this case based on its clinical significance since we believe it is the first description of this condition in the literature.
Rumen fermentation and microbial yield of high- or low-protein diets containing ground soybean seeds or homemade rapeseed expellers evaluated with RUSITEC
Authors: Guadagnin M. , Tagliapietra F. , Cattani M. , Schiavon S. , Worgan H. J. , Belanche A. , Newbold C. J. , Bailoni L.
Published: September 2013

Guadagnin, M., Tagliapietra, F., Cattani, M., Schiavon, S., Worgan, H. J., Belanche, A., Newbold, C. J. and Bailoni, L. 2013. Rumen fermentation and microbial yield of high- or low-protein diets containing ground soybean seeds or homemade rapeseed expellers evaluated with RUSITEC. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 363–371. This experiment aimed to compare diets containing two crude protein (CP) concentrations [147 or 109 g kg−1in dry matter (DM)] and two protein sources containing ground soybean seed (GSS) or rapeseed expeller (RSE). Diets were compared in terms of digestibility, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia concentrations, and N flows, using rumen simulation fermenters (RUSITEC). Home−made RSE (CP=287 g kg−1dry matter and ether extract=199 g kg−1DM) was produced using equipment adopted by small farms. Reduction of dietary CP content did not affect digestibility, except for a reduction of N apparent digestibility (P<0.01), but increased efficiency of N utilization (P=0.001) without affecting microbial N production (P=0.82). Total VFA concentration was not (P=0.56) influenced by CP content. Compared with GSS, RSE exhibited a greater neutral detergent fibre digestibility (P<0.01), it did not influence total volatile fatty acids (VFA; P=0.10) but decreased the proportions of acetate and propionate on total VFA (P<0.001) and increased those of butyrate and branched-chain VFA (P<0.001). Microbial efficiency was comparable for GSS and RSE. Results suggest that reduction of dietary CP concentration in DM did not impair in vitro digestibility and microbial growth. The protein mixture containing homemade RSE showed in vitro fermentative properties and microbial growth comparable with those of GSS.
Disseminated Intra-Abdominal Hydatidosis
Authors: Concha Fátima , Maguiña Ciro , Seas Carlos
Published: September 2013

We present the case of a 26-year-old male Peruvian patient who presented with disseminated intra-abdominal hydatidosis. The patient was treated with surgical removal of the cysts and prolonged medical treatment with albendazole.
Corticosteroid Withdrawal Precipitates Perilesional Edema around Calcified Taenia solium Cysts
Authors: Mejia Rojelio , Nash Theodore E.
Published: September 2013

Calcified Taenia solium granulomas are the focus of repeated episodes of perilesional edema and seizures in 50% of persons with calcifications, history of seizures, and a positive serology for cysticercosis. The pathophysiology is unclear but recent studies suggest the edema is caused by inflammation. We report two new cases and four other published cases where cessation of corticosteroids appeared to result in recurrence or new appearance of perilesional edema around calcifications. This suggests that perilesional edema is an immune-mediated phenomenon.
Kinetic study of esterification of sulfuric acid with alcohols in aerosol bulk phase
Authors: Li J. , Jang M.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. In this study, we hypothesize that the formation of organosulfates through the reactions between sulfuric acid and alcohols in the aerosol bulk phase is more efficient than that in solution chemistry. To prove this hypothesis, the kinetics of the organosulfate formation was investigated for both aliphatic alcohol with single OH group (e.g., 1-heptanol) and the multialcohols ranging from semivolatiles (e.g., hydrated-glyoxal and glycerol) to nonvolatiles (e.g., sucrose) using analytical techniques directly monitoring aerosol bulk phase. Both the forward (k1) and the backward (k−1) reaction rate constants of organosulfate formation via the particle phase esterification of 1-heptanol with sulfuric acid were estimated using a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer equipped with a flow chamber under varying humidities. Both k1 and k−1 are in orders of 10−3 L mol−1 min−1, which are three orders of magnitude higher than the reported values obtained in solution chemistry. The formation of organosulfate in the H2SO4 aerosol internally mixed with multialcohols was studied by measuring the proton concentration of the aerosol collected on the filter using a newly developed Colorimetry integrated with a Reflectance UV-Visible spectrometer (C-RUV). The formation of organosulfate significantly decreases aerosol acidity due to the transformation of H2SO4 into dialkylsulfates. The forward reaction rate constants for the dialkylsulfate formation in the multialcohol-H2SO4 aerosols were also three orders of magnitude greater than the reported values in solution chemistry. The water content (MH2O) in the multialcohol-H2SO4 particle was monitored using the FTIR spectrometer. A large reduction of MH2O accords with the high yield of organosulfate in aerosol. Based on this study, we conclude that organosulfate formation in atmospheric aerosol, where both alcohols and sulfuric acid are found together, is significant.
Dimensionality reduction in Bayesian estimation algorithms
Authors: Petty G. W.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. An idealized synthetic database loosely resembling 3-channel passive microwave observations of precipitation against a variable background is employed to examine the performance of a conventional Bayesian retrieval algorithm. For this dataset, algorithm performance is found to be poor owing to an irreconcilable conflict between the need to find matches in the dependent database versus the need to exclude inappropriate matches. It is argued that the likelihood of such conflicts increases sharply with the dimensionality of the observation space of real satellite sensors, which may utilize 9 to 13 channels to retrieve precipitation, for example. An objective method is described for distilling the relevant information content from N real channels into a much smaller number (M) of pseudochannels while also regularizing the background (geophysical plus instrument) noise component. The pseudochannels are linear combinations of the original N channels obtained via a two-stage principal component analysis of the dependent dataset. Bayesian retrievals based on a single pseudochannel applied to the independent dataset yield striking improvements in overall performance. The differences between the conventional Bayesian retrieval and reduced-dimensional Bayesian retrieval suggest that a major potential problem with conventional multichannel retrievals – whether Bayesian or not – lies in the common but often inappropriate assumption of diagonal error covariance. The dimensional reduction technique described herein avoids this problem by, in effect, recasting the retrieval problem in a coordinate system in which the desired covariance is lower-dimensional, diagonal, and unit magnitude.
Observations of SO2 and NO2 by mobile DOAS in the Guangzhou eastern area during the Asian Games 2010
Authors: Wu F. C. , Xie P. H. , Li A. , Chan K. L. , Hartl A. , Wang Y. , Si F. Q. , Zeng Y. , Qin M. , Xu J. , Liu J. G. , Liu W. Q. , Wenig M.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Mobile passive differential optical absorption spectroscopy measurements of SO2 and NO2 were performed in the Guangzhou eastern area (GEA) during the Guangzhou Asian Games 2010 from November 2010 to December 2010. The observations were carried out between 10:00 to 13:00 (local time, i.e., during daylight). Spatial and temporal distributions of SO2 and NO2 in this area were obtained and emission sources were determined using wind field data. The NO2 vertical column densities were found to agree with Ozone Monitoring Instrument values. The correlation coefficient (referred to as R2) was 0.88 after cloud filtering within a specific ground pixel. During the Guangzhou Asian Games and Asian Paralympics (Para) Games, the SO2 and NOx emissions in the area were quantified using averaged wind speed and wind direction. For times outside the games the average SO2 emission was estimated to be 9.50 ± 0.90 tons per hour and the average NOx emission was estimated to be 5.87 ± 3.46 tons per hour. During the phases of the Asian and Asian Para Games, the SO2 and NOx emissions were reduced by 53.50% and 43.50%, respectively, compared to the usual condition. We also investigated the influence of GEA on Guangzhou University Town, the main venue located northwest of the GEA, and found that SO2 concentrations here were about tripled by emissions from the GEA.
Vertical air motions derived from a descending radiosonde using a lightweight hard ball as the parachute
Authors: Chen H. , Zhu Y. , Zhang J. , Xuan Y.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Knowledge of vertical air motions in the atmosphere is important for meteorological and climate studies due to its impact on clouds, precipitation and the vertical transport of air masses, heat, momentum, and composition. It is among the most difficult quantities to measure because of its small magnitude. In this study, a descending radiosonde technique has been developed to detect the vertical wind speed (VW) in the atmosphere. The system is composed of a radiosonde and a 0.5-m diameter hard ball made of plastic foam that acts as a parachute. The radiosonde hangs under the hard ball by a string which is then cut when the instrument is elevated into the upper troposphere by a balloon. The VW is derived from the difference between the observed radiosonde descent rate and the calculated radiosonde descent rate in still air based on fluid dynamics. Deduction of the appropriate drag coefficient for the radiosonde is facilitated by the symmetrical shape of the parachute. An intensive radiosonde launch experiment was held in northern China during the summer seasons of 2010 to 2012. This study uses radiosonde data collected during the campaign to retrieve the vertical air velocity within the radiosonde altitude-detecting range. In general, the VW ranges from −1 to 1 m s−1. Strong vertical air motion (~2 m s−1) is seen in a few radiosonde measurements. Although considerable uncertainties exist in measuring weak vertical air motions, a case study shows that there is reasonable agreement between retrievals of VW in the lower atmosphere from the radiosonde and a wind profiler radar located at the launch site.
CloudSat-constrained cloud ice water path and cloud top height retrievals from MHS 157 and 183.3 GHz radiances
Authors: Gong J. , Wu D. L.
Published: September 2013

Abstract. Ice water path (IWP) and cloud top height (ht) are two of the key variables to determine cloud radiative and thermodynamical properties in the climate models. Large uncertainty remains among IWP measurements from satellite sensors, in large part due to the assumptions made for cloud microphysics in these retrievals. In this study, we develop a fast algorithm to retrieve IWP from the 157, 183.3 ± 3 and 190.3 GHz radiances of Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) such that the MHS cloud ice retrieval is consistent with CloudSat IWP measurements. This retrieval is obtained by constraining the forward models between collocated-and-coincident measurements of CloudSat IWP and MHS cloud-induced radiance depression (Tcir) at these channels. The empirical forward model is represented by a look-up-table (LUT) of Tcir–IWP relationships as a function of ht and frequency channel. With ht simultaneously retrieved, the IWP is found to be more accurate. The useful range of the MHS IWP retrieval is between 0.5 and 10 kg m−2, and agrees well with CloudSat in terms of normalized probability density function (PDF). Compared to the empirical model, current radiative transfer models (RTMs) still have significant uncertainties in characterizing the observed Tcir–IWP relationships. Therefore, the empirical LUT method developed here remains as an effective approach to retrieving ice cloud properties from the MHS-like microwave channels.
Errata for “Lack of association between IRF6 polymorphisms and nonsyndromic oral clefts in South Indian population,” Volume 1, No 1
Authors: Vinski Sarah
Published: September 2013

This page reflects errors that were found in the article “Lack of association between IRF6 polymorphisms and nonsyndromic oral clefts in South Indian population," Volume 1, No 1 of Dentistry 3000. 1. Gurramkonda, Venkatesh, Jyotsna Murthy, Altaf Hussain Syed, & Bhaskar VKS Lakkakula. "Lack of association between IRF6 polymorphisms and nonsyndromic oral clefts in South Indian population." Dentistry 3000 [Online], 1.1 (2013): n. pag. Web. 3 Sep. 2013 The article title should be “Evidence of association between IRF6 polymorphisms and nonsyndromic oral clefts in South Indian population.” Last updated Wednesday, September 4, 2013
“A Spectacle to the World, Both to Angels and to Men”
Authors: Walsh Michael J. K.
Published: September 2013

In 2012 the fifteenth-century mural of The Forty Martyrs of Sebaste in the Church of Saints Peter and Paul in Famagusta, Cyprus, underwent a major restoration funded by Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) and the World Monuments Fund. It had been singled out for priority treatment not only because of its advanced state of decay, but because of the wealth of information it could offer historians working on the cultural histories of medieval Cyprus. This article looks at some of the questions raised about multiculturalism in medieval Famagusta and offers some tentative suggestions for a “reading” of the mural.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of a Mn(II) Fluorenedicarboxylate Complex
Authors: Zhao Xiu-Hua , Zhao Ya-Yun , Zha Mei-Qin , Li Xing
Published: September 2013

A new Mn(II) metal-organic framework, [Mn(DFDC)(phen)]n (1) (where H2DFDC=9,9- diethylfluorene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid, phen=1,10-phenanthroline), was solvothermally synthesized and characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), elemental and thermal analysis, IR, UV=Vis spectroscopy, fluorescence and magnetic measurements. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that 1 exhibits a three-dimensional coordination polymer structure. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnna with a=9.1215(9), b=26.436(3), c=10.2428(10) Å, V =2469.9(4) Å3, Z =4, final wR2=0.1323 for 2825 reflections. The Mn(II) ion is coordinated by four oxygen atoms from four different H2DFDC ligands and two nitrogen atoms from one phen ligand in an octahedral coordination geometry. The compound shows ferromagnetic coupling behavior and has high thermal stability up to 420 °C
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Copper(II) Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymer Based on [ß-Mo8O26]4- and 4,4'-Bipyridine-N,N'- dioxide
Authors: Fan Yan Hua , Li Lei , Chen Shuai , Zhou Rui Min , Bai Yan , Dang Dong Bin
Published: September 2013

A polyoxometalate-based copper(II) inorganic-organic hybrid polymer [Cu(dpdo)2(H2O)4] [Na2(Mo8O26) (H2O)6] (dpdo) 2H2O (1) (dpdo=4,4’-bipyridine-N,N'-dioxide) has been synthesized and structurally characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. The structure is based on two types of polymeric chains, the anionic one constructed by the coordination interaction between the [b-Mo8O26]4- cluster anions and [Na2]2+ units, and the cationic one formed through the coordination interaction of Cu(II) atoms and dpdo ligands. In addition, there are multiform hydrogen bonds and π … π interactions in a three-dimensional supramolecular network
Co(II) and Cd(II) Complexes Based on 5-[(2-Methyl-1H-imidazol-1- yl)methyl]isophthalate: Syntheses, Characterization and Properties
Authors: Cheng Xiao-Chun , Zhu Xiao-Hong , Kuai Hai-Wei
Published: September 2013

Co(II) nitrate reacts with potassium 5-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]isophthalate (K
Syntheses, Structural Characterization and Fluorescence of Zn(II) and Cd(II) Polymers from 5-(Pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)isophthalic acid
Authors: Cheng Xiao-Chun , Zhu Xiao-Hong , Kuai Hai-Wei
Published: September 2013

The hydrothermal reaction of Zn(II) nitrate with 5-(pyridin-2-ylmethylamino)isophthalic acid (H2L) yields the complex [Zn(L)(H2O)] 2H2O (1). When 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) as auxiliary ligand and Cd(II) nitrate were used in the alkaline reaction system, [Cd(L)(H2O)(bpy)] 3H2O (2) was obtained. Complexes 1 and 2 have been characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR, elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 shows a 2D fes network structure with uninodal 3-connected (4.82) topology, which is further linked by hydrogen bonding to give rise to a 3D supramolecular framework; complex 2 displays a chain structure. Interestingly, tetranuclear water clusters were generated in 1, which are interlinked to fabricate a water chain structure. The fluorescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated
Book Review: Chronic Medical Disease & Cognitive Aging: Toward a Healthy Body and Brain, edited by Kristine Yaffe (New York Oxford University Press, 2013)
Authors: Rockwood Kenneth
Published: September 2013

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What is the best way to care for frail older adults?
Authors: Madden Ken
Published: September 2013

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Spatial Framework for the Assessment of Road Traffic Accidents in Karachi
Authors: Salman Zubair  , Syed Jamil Hasan Kazmi
Published: September 2013

Karachi, the most populous city of Pakistan, is entangled by an ever increasing health problem of Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) in the recent past with ranked 4th in the world stats of highest road fatalities cities. The most devastating problem is that it is affecting the most productive age group. Nearly 300 RTA victims were interviewed last year and questioned about different socio-economic aspects of road crashes. This has demonstrated that the RTAs cases were observed between the age group of 18-45 years in Karachi. The problem is not only resulting financial losses but also social burden as well as pain, grief, psychological trauma in many cases and suffering for the effects which is certainly an irreparable damage. The prime objective of this study is to highlight the spatial variation most affected age group under threat of road traffic accidents in Karachi. This has been achieved by using a stratified random sampling technique and targeting the effects of RTA. Information was collected and analyzed and spatial pattern of RTAs in terms of accident location has been displayed with high and low RTA cases caused injuries and fatalities. Town based Road Accidents maps were developed in ArcGIS 10.1 to show the spatial patterns of road accidents. This study approaches with emphasis the miserable outcome of road accidents on the specific age grouped people because they are mostly involved in road crashes and also the future prospect of the country.
Preservação ambiental e turismo de natureza em área protegida: iniciativas e experiências em contexto africano
Authors: Brito Brigida Rocha
Published: September 2013

Numa grande parte dos países africanos, a manutenção das comunidades locais depende de forma direta da disponibilidade ambiental, no que diz respeito à diversidade e abundância, resultando no exercício de uma carga com impactos acrescidos sobre o Ambiente que, em grande medida, são agravados pela ação de outros atores, entre os quais as grande empresas que exploram e comercializam recursos naturais. Os ecossistemas confrontam-se com um conjunto cada vez mais alargado de fatores de vulnerabilidade que os fragilizam ameaçando a sua sustentabilidade. Face à vulnerabilidade que caracteriza uma parte dos ecossistemas e das espécies, independentemente do reconhecimento internacional do valor intrínseco e da especificidade de muitos dos elementos naturais, tem-se registado um aumento do número de áreas protegidas com diversificação da classificação. Dada a diversidade de particularidades ambientais que caracterizam as Áreas Protegidas, sobretudo no que concerne a elementos de fauna e de flora, que em grande medida são marcados por traços de endemismo, o turismo é entendido como um setor que, nestes contextos, encontra nichos potenciais de desenvolvimento. Em três países africanos - Cabo Verde, São Tomé e Príncipe e Guiné-Bissau - têm vindo a ser prosseguidas pesquisas com o objetivo de melhor compreender os modelos de articulação do turismo com os espaços protegidos e as comunidades residentes no sentido da criação de linhas de harmonia sócio-ambientais.
O artigo 273, § 6º, do C.P.C. como técnica de julgamento antecipado parcial do mérito
Authors: Martins Erlon Leal
Published: September 2013

O presente estudo consiste em compreender a disciplina legal estabelecida no § 6º do artigo 273 do Código de Processo Civil como verdadeira hipótese de julgamento antecipado parcial do mérito, e, para tanto, partimos da construção doutrinária de Luiz Guilherme Marinoni ao retratar a necessidade de distribuição eqüitativa do ônus do processo, a fim de não prejudic
Interpretação e consistência: o problema das antinomias e da revogação
Authors: Melo Celso Eduardo Santos de
Published: September 2013

A concepção de um sistema jurídico unitário traz à tona uma difícil questão hermenêutica para a aplicação das normas: o problema das antinomias e da revogação. Sendo um problema de consistência, considerando a organização desse sistema, deve ser feita a extração de tudo que vier a causar qualquer risco à validade e vigência de normas num dado ordenamento jurídico. Os métodos utilizados devem corresponder a uma interpretação adequada das normas aplicáveis na solução de antinomias, bem como a correta interpretação de seus conteúdos, de modo a sanar o conflito em casos onde não se observam normas específicas para a solução dessas controvérsias. Essa idéia se coaduna ao que sugere a teoria da argumentação, que oferece uma solução a essas divergências pelo conceito de antinomias pragmáticas.
Educação física e sexualidade: um estudo de caso em escolas públicas de Aracaju, Sergipe
Authors: Silva Rafael Rocha , Silva Maria Janaina Marques da
Published: September 2013

Procurou-se identificar como os profissionais da educação física estão trabalhando o tema transversal orientação sexual na escola, bem como compreender a relação entre a sexualidade e a educação física escolar. Indagamos então, como a educação física escolar poderá contribuir com a discussão acerca das questões ligadas a sexualidade dos adolescentes. A importância desse tema surge a partir do momento em que ele vem tendo grande destaque no meio social, então se procurou observar o posicionamento da educação física quanto a esse tema. Esse estudo se caracteriza por uma pesquisa descritiva, onde foi utilizados questionários para coleta de dados, o estudo foi aplicados em 03 (três) escolas publicas de Aracaju, com alunos do 1º ao 3° ano do Ensino Médio. No resultado da analise dos dados foram abordadas questões relacionadas à discriminação nas de educação física, onde se observou uma maior ocorrência de discriminação por parte dos homens; foi investigado também sobre a presença do tema sexualidade nas aulas de educação física, obteve um resultado preocupante, já que a grande parte das ocorrências apontou a ausência do tema nas aulas; foi feita uma analise quanto aos conteúdos utilizados nas aulas de educação física, onde observou-se ainda a supremacia dos esportes, sendo vôlei mais aplicados para meninas e o futsal para os meninos. Consideramos que a educação física se torna um ambiente propicio a discussão acerca do tema sexualidade, em contrapartida observamos a negligencia dos profissionais quanto a esse tema.
Sistemas produtivos e inovações tecnológicas
Authors: Rodrigues Manoel Gonçalves , Costa Fernando José Pereira da
Published: September 2013

A engenharia de produção é o ramo das ciências da engenharia que se debruça sobre a organização e gestão da produção e do trabalho. A sua origem pode ser identificada no conjunto das propostas tayloristas direcionadas à organização científica do trabalho e da produção. A proposta organizativo-produtiva afeta ao constructo empírico-teórico taylorista nasce de observações e estudos in loco realizados no chão da fábrica e se insere no bojo da engenharia industrial. O filão teórico-prático inserido no âmbito da conceção da engenharia industrial taylorista insere-se no universo das grandes plantas industriais das duas primeiras décadas do século XX e num clima de grande desorganização a nível do meio mecânico-fabril. Com isto, ultrapassam-se as limitações da divisão do trabalho herdada da manufatura e adotada pela maquinofatura, definem-se métodos e técnicas de cunho organizativo a nível mecânico-fabril, produtivo-industrial e em termos de tarefas e funções. Cabe observar que a engenharia de produção atua no contexto dos sistemas produtivos, de determinadas envolvências tecnológico-produtivas buscando cada vez mais assimilar conhecimentos que em muito ultrapassam o seu escopo meramente técnico.
De la conformité au refus : analyse d’un parcours
Authors: Pinard Jean-Luc , St-Amand Nérée
Published: September 2013

Dans le contexte d’une recherche menée auprès depersonnes ayant vécu des expériences en psychiatrie auNouveau-Brunswick, cet article propose une réflexion surcertaines stratégies de débrouillardiseprivilégiées par l’une d’entre elles àla suite d’un diagnostic de maladie mentale. Une grillestructurelle permettra de comprendre certains des enjeux enprésence tandis que sur le plan méthodologique,l’analyse d’un parcours permettra de mettre en valeur uneétude de cas comme illustration de possiblesréalités émergentes.