bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulated Tibiofemoral Joint Reaction Forces for Three Previously Studied Gait Modifications in Healthy Controls
Authors: Prebble Matt , Wei Qi , Martin Joel , Eddo Oladipo , Lindsey Bryndan , Cortes Nelson
Published: October 2022

Gait modifications, such as lateral trunk lean (LTL), medial knee thrust (MKT), and toe-in gait (TIG), are frequently investigated interventions used to slow the progression of knee osteoarthritis. The Lerner knee model was developed to estimate the tibiofemoral joint reaction forces (JRF) in the medial and lateral compartments during gait. These models may be useful for estimating the effects on the JRF in the knee as a result of gait modifications. We hypothesized that all gait modifications would decrease the JRF compared to normal gait. Twenty healthy individuals volunteered for this study (26.7 ± 4.7 years, 1.75 ± 0.1 m, 73.4 ± 12.4 kg). Ten trials were collected for normal gait as well as for the three gait modifications: LTL, MKT, and TIG. The data were used to estimate the JRF in the first and second peaks for the medial and lateral compartments of the knee via opensim using the Lerner knee model. No significant difference from baseline was found for the first peak in the medial compartment. There was a decrease in JRF in the medial compartment during the loading phase of gait for TIG (6.6%) and LTL (4.9%) and an increasing JRF for MKT (2.6%). but none was statistically significant. A significant increase from baseline was found for TIG (5.8%) in the medial second peak. We found a large variation in individual responses to gait interventions, which may help explain the lack of statistically significant results. Possible factors influencing these wide ranges of responses to gait modifications include static alignment and the impacts of variation in muscle coordination strategies used, by participants, to implement gait modifications.
Mechanical annealing and memories in a disordered solid
Authors: Keim Nathan C. , Medina Dani
Published: October 2022

Shearing a disordered or amorphous solid for many cycles with a constant strain amplitude can anneal it, relaxing a sample to a steady state that encodes a memory of that amplitude. This steady state also features a remarkable stability to amplitude variations that allows one to read the memory. Here, we shed light on both annealing and memory by considering how to mechanically anneal a sample to have as little memory content as possible. In experiments, we show that a “ring-down” protocol reaches a comparable steady state but with no discernible memories and minimal structural anisotropy. We introduce a method to characterize the population of rearrangements within a sample and show how it connects with the response to amplitude variation and the size of annealing steps. These techniques can be generalized to other forms of glassy matter and a wide array of disordered solids, especially those that yield by flowing homogeneously.
POU2AF2/C11orf53 functions as a coactivator of POU2F3 by maintaining chromatin accessibility and enhancer activity
Authors: Szczepanski Aileen Patricia , Tsuboyama Natsumi , Watanabe Jun , Hashizume Rintaro , Zhao Zibo , Wang Lu
Published: October 2022

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), accounting for around 13% of all lung cancers, often results in rapid tumor growth, early metastasis, and acquired therapeutic resistance. The POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3) is a master regulator of tuft cell identity and defines the SCLC-P subtype that lacks the neuroendocrine markers. Here, we have identified a previously uncharacterized protein, C11orf53, which is coexpressed with POU2F3 in both SCLC cell lines and patient samples. Mechanistically, C11orf53 directly interacts with POU2F3 and is recruited to chromatin by POU2F3. Depletion of
C11orf53
reduced enhancer H3K27ac levels and chromatin accessibility, resulting in a reduction of POU2F3-dependent gene expression. On the basis of the molecular function of C11orf53, we renamed it as “POU Class 2 Homeobox Associating Factor 2” (POU2AF2). In summary, our study has identified a new coactivator of POU2F3 and sheds light on the therapeutic potential of targeting POU2AF2/POU2F3 heterodimer in human SCLC.
Assessment of cholesterol homeostasis in the living human brain
Authors: Haider Ahmed , Zhao Chunyu , Wang Lu , Xiao Zhiwei , Rong Jian , Xia Xiaotian , Chen Zhen , Pfister Stefanie K. , Mast Natalia , Yutuc Eylan , Chen Jiahui , Li Yinlong , Shao Tuo , Warnock Geoffrey I. , Dawoud Alyaa , Connors Theresa R. , Oakley Derek H. , Wei Huiyi , Wang Jinghao , Zheng Zhihua , Xu Hao , Davenport April T. , Daunais James B. , Van Richard S. , Shao Yihan , Wang Yuqin , Zhang Ming-Rong , Gebhard Catherine , Pikuleva Irina , Levey Allan I. , Griffiths William J. , Liang Steven H.
Published: October 2022

Alterations in brain cholesterol homeostasis have been broadly implicated in neurological disorders. Notwithstanding the complexity by which cholesterol biology is governed in the mammalian brain, excess neuronal cholesterol is primarily eliminated by metabolic clearance via cytochrome P450 46A1 (CYP46A1). No methods are currently available for visualizing cholesterol metabolism in the living human brain; therefore, a noninvasive technology that quantitatively measures the extent of brain cholesterol metabolism via CYP46A1 could broadly affect disease diagnosis and treatment options using targeted therapies. Here, we describe the development and testing of a CYP46A1-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) tracer,
18
F-CHL-2205 (
18
F-Cholestify). Our data show that PET imaging readouts correlate with CYP46A1 protein expression and with the extent to which cholesterol is metabolized in the brain, as assessed by cross-species postmortem analyses of specimens from rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans. Proof of concept of in vivo efficacy is provided in the well-established 3xTg-AD murine model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where we show that the probe is sensitive to differences in brain cholesterol metabolism between 3xTg-AD mice and control animals. Furthermore, our clinical observations point toward a considerably higher baseline brain cholesterol clearance via CYP46A1 in women, as compared to age-matched men. These findings illustrate the vast potential of assessing brain cholesterol metabolism using PET and establish PET as a sensitive tool for noninvasive assessment of brain cholesterol homeostasis in the clinic.
Optimizing Meropenem in Highly Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Environments: Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Simulations in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Truong Anh Quan , Dao Xuan Co , Vu Dinh Hoa , Nguyen Hoang Anh , Do Thi Hong Gam , Tran Nhan Thang , Tran Nhat Minh , Vu Ngan Binh , Pham Hong Nhung , Bui Van Cuong , Trinh The Anh , Dang Quoc Tuan , Nguyen Gia Binh , Lipman Jeffrey , Cotta Menino O. , Roberts Jason A.
Published: October 2022

Critically ill patients are characterized by substantial pathophysiological changes that alter the pharmacokinetics (PK) of hydrophilic antibiotics, including carbapenems. Meropenem is a key antibiotic for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli, and such pathophysiological alterations can worsen treatment outcomes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Metabacillus litoralis Strain NCTR108, Isolated from Commercial Tattoo Ink
Authors: Kim Sung Guk , Summage-West Christine V. , Reyna Mariela , Kim Seong-Jae , Foley Steven L.
Published: October 2022

Metabacillus litoralis
is part of the newly proposed genus
Metabacillus
. The bacterium was first isolated from a Yellow Sea tidal flat in 2005. As of May 2022, there are five genomic assemblies deposited in GenBank. We report the 5.2-Mbp genome sequence of
M. litoralis
strain NCTR108, from commercial tattoo ink.
Genome Sequence and Characteristics of the Microbacterium foliorum Cluster EE Bacteriophage Burgy
Authors: Van Roekel Halle F. , Georgen Jacob J. , Kock Rainy A. , Coleman Sean T.
Published: October 2022

Burgy is a siphovirus that was isolated from compost soil near Fremont Township, Iowa, using
Microbacterium foliorum
NRRL B-24224. The genome has a length of 17,453 bp and contains 25 total protein-coding genes, 20 of which were assigned functions. Based on gene content, Burgy was assigned to actinobacteriophage cluster EE.
Suppression of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Reduction of Other Bacteria by Black Soldier Fly Larvae Reared on Potato Substrate
Authors: Kinney Marissa , Moyet Matthew , Bernard Edward , Alyokhin Andrei
Published: October 2022

Larvae of black soldier flies,
Hermetia illucens
, may be used to provide an environmentally sustainable and economically viable method for biological conversion of animal and plant wastes into ingredients of animal feeds on an industrial scale. However, contamination of harvested larvae by pathogenic microorganisms inhabiting decaying substrates may be a serious problem for wide-scale adoption of this technology.
Selective Hydrogenation of Pyridine and Derivatives of It on Bimetallic Catalysts
Authors: Kustov A. L. , Dunaev S. F. , Salmi T.
Published: October 2022

A study is performed of the catalytic properties of bimetallic nanoparticles based on palladium and a base metal (silver or copper) in the selective hydrogenation of pyridine and derivatives of it with the formation of piperidine and derivatives of it. It is established that the effect of increasing the activity of bimetallic nanoparticles is associated with the small size of particles (2–3 nm), relative to monometallic palladium catalyst. The conversion of pyridine reaches 99% with a piperidine selectivity of 99% under mild conditions (60°C, pressure H2 = 70 atm).
Erratum to: A Cell Model of an Ion-Exchange Membrane. Capillary-Osmosis and Reverse-Osmosis Coefficients
Authors: Filippov A. N.
Published: October 2022

An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061933X22350010
Prevalence of myopia and uncorrected myopia among 721 032 schoolchildren in a city-wide vision screening in southern China: the Shantou Myopia Study
Authors: Wang Hongxi , Li Yuancun , Qiu Kunliang , Zhang Riping , Lu Xuehui , Luo Li , Lin Jian-Wei , Lu Yanlin , Zhang Dan , Guo Peiting , Yang Yong , Jing Liu , Huang Yingzi , Ma Qian , Zhou Ruiqing , Ou Yunxuan , Chen Quanwen , Zhou Youming , Deng Dandan , Li Can , Yam Jason C , Chen Li Jia , Pang Chi-Pui , Zhang Mingzhi
Published: October 2022

Aims

To explore the prevalence and risk factors for myopia and uncorrected myopia in schoolchildren in southern China.

Methods

The government-led Shantou Myopia Study was conducted from September 2020 to June 2021. Non-cycloplegic refraction was performed. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was measured along with presenting visual acuity if participants wore spectacles. Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) is defined as the spherical dioptres added to half of the cylindrical dioptres. Myopia is defined as SER <−0.50 dioptre with UCVA of <20/20 in at least one eye.

Results

This study enrolled 724 828 schoolchildren (77.8% of all schoolchildren in Shantou) from 901 schools. Data from 721 032 schoolchildren (99.5%) were analysed (mean age 11.53±3.13 years, 6–20 years, 373 230 boys and 347 802 girls). Among them, 373 459 (51.8%) had myopia: 37.1% of 465 696 children in primary schools, 75.4% of 170 164 children in junior high schools and 84.8% of 85 172 children in senior high schools. The prevalence of myopia increases non-linearly with age. Older age, female and urban living environment were independently associated with myopia prevalence and myopic SER. Among the 373 459 children with myopia, 60.0% had no refractive correction: 74.9%, 53.9% and 35.5% in primary, junior high and senior high schools, respectively.

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of myopia among schoolchildren in Shantou was 51.8%, higher than the national average in China. The proportion of uncorrected myopia is high, especially in primary schools. Our results indicate the need for public education on eye care among schoolchildren even in a municipal city.
Artificial intelligence-enabled retinal vasculometry for prediction of circulatory mortality, myocardial infarction and stroke
Authors: Rudnicka Alicja Regina , Welikala Roshan , Barman Sarah , Foster Paul J , Luben Robert , Hayat Shabina , Khaw Kay-Tee , Whincup Peter , Strachan David , Owen Christopher G
Published: October 2022

Aims

We examine whether inclusion of artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled retinal vasculometry (RV) improves existing risk algorithms for incident stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and circulatory mortality.

Methods

AI-enabled retinal vessel image analysis processed images from 88 052 UK Biobank (UKB) participants (aged 40–69 years at image capture) and 7411 European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk participants (aged 48–92). Retinal arteriolar and venular width, tortuosity and area were extracted. Prediction models were developed in UKB using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression for circulatory mortality, incident stroke and MI, and externally validated in EPIC-Norfolk. Model performance was assessed using optimism adjusted calibration, C-statistics and R2statistics. Performance of Framingham risk scores (FRS) for incident stroke and incident MI, with addition of RV to FRS, were compared with a simpler model based on RV, age, smoking status and medical history (antihypertensive/cholesterol lowering medication, diabetes, prevalent stroke/MI).

Results

UKB prognostic models were developed on 65 144 participants (mean age 56.8; median follow-up 7.7 years) and validated in 5862 EPIC-Norfolk participants (67.6, 9.1 years, respectively). Prediction models for circulatory mortality in men and women had optimism adjusted C-statistics and R2statistics between 0.75–0.77 and 0.33–0.44, respectively. For incident stroke and MI, addition of RV to FRS did not improve model performance in either cohort. However, the simpler RV model performed equally or better than FRS.

Conclusion

RV offers an alternative predictive biomarker to traditional risk-scores for vascular health, without the need for blood sampling or blood pressure measurement. Further work is needed to examine RV in population screening to triage individuals at high-risk.
Non-anaesthetist-administered ketamine for emergency caesarean section in Kenya: cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Resch Stephen Charles , Suarez Sebastian , Omotayo Moshood Olanrewaju , Griffin Jennifer , Sessler Daniel , Burke Thomas
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Lack of anaesthesia services is a frequent barrier to emergency surgeries such as caesarean delivery in Kenya. This study aimed to estimate the survival gains and cost-effectiveness of scaling up the Every Second Matters (ESM)-Ketamine programme that trains non-anaesthetist providers to administer and monitor ketamine during emergency caesarean deliveries.

Setting

Hospitals in Kenyan counties with low rates of caesarean delivery.

Participants

Patients needing emergency caesarean delivery in settings without availability of standard anaesthesia service.

Interventions

Simulated scales up of the ESM-Ketamine programme over 5 years (2020–24) was compared with status quo.

Outcome measures

Cost of implementing the programme and corresponding additional emergency caesarean deliveries. Maternal and fetal/neonatal deaths prevented, and corresponding life-years gained due to increased provision of emergency caesarean procedures. Cost-effectiveness was assessed by comparing the cost per life-year gained of the ESM-Ketamine programme compared with status quo.

Results

Over 5 years, the expected gap in emergency caesarean deliveries was 157 000. A US$1.2 million ESM-Ketamine programme reduced this gap by 28 700, averting by 316 maternal and 4736 fetal deaths and generating 331 000 total life-years gained. Cost-effectiveness of scaling up the ESM-Ketamine programme was US$44 per life-year gained in the base case and US$251 in the most pessimistic scenario—a very good value for Kenya at less than 20% of per capita GDP per life-year gained.

Conclusion

In areas of Kenya with significant underprovision of emergency caesarean delivery due to a lack of availability of traditional anaesthesia, an ESM-Ketamine programme is likely to enable a substantial number of life-saving surgeries at reasonable cost.
Effectiveness and feasibility of telerehabilitation in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Seid Abubeker Alebachew , Aychiluhm Setognal Birara , Mohammed Ahmed Adem
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To determine the pooled effectiveness and feasibility of telerehabilitation in patients with COVID-19.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Data sources

PubMed, CINAHL, Science Direct, PEDro, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to the end of March 2022.

Eligibility criteria and outcomes

RCTs investigating the effects of telerehabilitation in the management of patients with COVID-19 were included. The outcomes of interest were functional capacity, cardiopulmonary exercise tests, quality of life and other variables where data are available.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers screened, extracted data and performed methodological quality assessment independently. The revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Review Manager V.5.4 and Stata V.14.0 software were used for statistical analysis. Mean difference (MD) with 95% CI and the corresponding p value were used to determine the treatment effect between groups. A fixed-effect model was used for all variables as no significant heterogeneity was observed.

Results

Four studies with 334 patients with COVID-19 were included. The pooled result of telerehabilitation showed statistically significant improvement on 6-minute walking test (MD 75.50; 95% CI 54.69 to 96.30; p=0.48), 30-second sit-to-stand test (MD 1.76; 95% CI 1.47 to 2.04; p=0.30), Borg Scale (MD 2.49; 95% CI 2.16 to 2.83; p=0.28) and level of dyspnoea (MD 6.26; 95% CI 5.42 to 7.10; p=0.66). The overall treatment completion rate was 88.46%, and the most common reason for withdrawal after randomisation was lost to follow-up or uncooperativeness.

Conclusions

The findings showed that telerehabilitation interventions could improve functional capacity and exercise perception among patients affected by COVID-19 and can be implemented with a high completion rate and minimal adverse events. However, more studies are required to investigate the effects on cardiopulmonary function, quality of life, anxiety, depression and other variables.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021287975.
Development and validation of a prediction rule for patients suspected of acute coronary syndrome in primary care: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wouters Loes T C M , Zwart Dorien L M , Erkelens Daphne C A , Adriaansen Elisabeth J M , den Ruijter Hester M , De Groot Esther , Damoiseaux Roger A M J , Hoes Arno W , van Smeden Maarten , Rutten Frans H
Published: October 2022

Objective

To develop and validate a symptom-based prediction rule for early recognition of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with acute chest discomfort who call out-of-hours services for primary care (OHS-PC).

Design

Cross-sectional study. A diagnostic prediction rule was developed with multivariable regression analyses. All models were validated with internal-external cross validation within seven OHS-PC locations. Both age and sex were analysed as statistical interaction terms, applying for age non-linear effects.

Setting

Seven OHS-PC in the Netherlands.

Participants

2192 patients who called OHS-PC for acute chest discomfort (pain, pressure, tightness or discomfort) between 2014 and 2017. Backed up recordings of telephone triage conversations were analysed.

Primary and secondary outcomes measures

Diagnosis of ACS retrieved from the patient’s medical records in general practice, including hospital specialists discharge letters. Performance of the prediction rules was calculated with the c-statistic and the final model was chosen based on net benefit analyses.

Results

Among the 2192 patients who called the OHS-PC with acute chest discomfort, 8.3% females and 15.3% males had an ACS. The final diagnostic model included seven predictors (sex, age, acute onset of chest pain lasting less than 12 hours, a pressing/heavy character of the pain, radiation of the pain, sweating and calling at night). It had an adjusted c-statistic of 0.77 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.79) with good calibration.

Conclusion

The final prediction model for ACS has good discrimination and calibration and shows promise for replacing the existing telephone triage rules for patients with acute chest discomfort in general practice and OHS-PC.

Trial registration number

NTR7331.
Recontacting biobank participants to collect lifestyle, behavioural and cognitive information via online questionnaires: lessons from a pilot study within FinnGen
Authors: Rodosthenous Rodosthenis S , Niemi Mari E K , Kallio Lila , Perala Merja , Terho Perttu , Knopp Theresa , Punkka Eero , Makkonen Enni M , Nurmi Paula , Makela Johanna , Wihuri Pauli , Hautalahti Marco , Moffatt Corianna , Martini Paolo , Germine Laura , Makela Viola A , Karhunen Oona A , Lahti Jari , Hiekkalinna Tero S , Jyrhama Tero , Shen Huei-yi , Runz Heiko , Palotie Aarno , Perola Markus , Ganna Andrea
Published: October 2022

Objectives

To recontact biobank participants and collect cognitive, behavioural and lifestyle information via a secure online platform.

Design

Biobank-based recontacting pilot study.

Setting

Three Finnish biobanks (Helsinki, Auria, Tampere) recruiting participants from February 2021 to July 2021.

Participants

All eligible invitees were enrolled in FinnGen by their biobanks (Helsinki, Auria, Tampere), had available genetic data and were >18 years old. Individuals with severe neuropsychiatric disease or cognitive or physical disabilities were excluded. Lastly, 5995 participants were selected based on their polygenic score for cognitive abilities and invited to the study. Among invitees, 1115 had successfully participated and completed the study questionnaire(s).

Outcome measures

The primary outcome was the participation rate among study invitees. Secondary outcomes included questionnaire completion rate, quality of data collected and comparison of participation rate boosting strategies.

Results

The overall participation rate was 18.6% among all invitees and 23.1% among individuals aged 18–69. A second reminder letter yielded an additional 9.7% participation rate in those who did not respond to the first invitation. Recontacting participants via an online healthcare portal yielded lower participation than recontacting via physical letter. The completion rate of the questionnaire and cognitive tests was high (92% and 85%, respectively), and measurements were overall reliable among participants. For example, the correlation (r) between self-reported body mass index and that collected by the biobanks was 0.92.

Conclusion

In summary, this pilot suggests that recontacting FinnGen participants with the goal to collect a wide range of cognitive, behavioural and lifestyle information without additional engagement results in a low participation rate, but with reliable data. We suggest that such information be collected at enrolment, if possible, rather than via post hoc recontacting.
What influences cancer treatment service access in Ghana? A critical interpretive synthesis
Authors: Tuck Chloe Zabrina , Akparibo Robert , Gray Laura A , Aryeetey Richmond Nii Okai , Cooper Richard
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Multiple social-cultural and contextual factors influence access to and acceptance of cancer treatment in Ghana. The aim of this research was to assess existing literature on how these factors interplay and could be susceptible to local and national policy changes.

Design

This study uses a critical interpretive synthesis approach to review qualitative and quantitative evidence about access to adult cancer treatment services in Ghana, applying the socioecological model and candidacy framework.

Results

Our findings highlighted barriers to accessing cancer services within each level of the socioecological model (intrapersonal, interpersonal community, organisational and policy levels), which are dynamic and interacting, for example, community level factors influenced individual perceptions and how they managed financial barriers. Evidence was lacking in relation to determinants of treatment non-acceptance across all cancers and in the most vulnerable societal groups due to methodological limitations.

Conclusions

Future policy should prioritise multilevel approaches, for example, improving the quality and affordability of medical care while also providing collaboration with traditional and complementary care systems to refer patients. Research should seek to overcome methodological limitations to understand the determinants of accessing treatment in the most vulnerable populations.
Using virtual wards and long-term conditions management network to improve practice and performance
Authors: Kanyimo Ezra
Published: October 2022

England has more than 15 million people and counting with long-term conditions who have the greatest healthcare needs of the population accounting for 50% of all General Practitioner (GP) appointments and 70% of all bed days. Digital technology has the potential to transform care through empowering patients, establishing more robust therapeutic relationships as well as supporting stronger teamworking across boundaries and enabling creation of communities and networks to support patients.

There is some hesitancy in National Health Service to adopt digital innovation, but the pandemic has transformed use of remote monitoring in a matter of weeks. The pandemic has highlighted how collaboration and digital technology innovation can radically transform health and care services at pace when people are provided with the space and support to be innovative. Nurse and clinical leaders with digital knowledge are key in engaging nurses who need to be at the heart of technological developments and implementation to make sure changes facilitate, enhance patient care and improve clinical practice. This project aimed to create a forum that offered time, space and opportunities to innovate; share learning; and develop cross boundary relationships for project teams implementing technology-enabled remote monitoring or virtual ward solutions.

Florence Nightingale Foundation scholar and NHSX Digital Health team ran the forum using community of practice principles. Qualitative data were used to measure any potential value created. Forum members reported increase in their personal knowledge as they managed to learn from others. An online platform created as an extension to the forum enabled members to continue networking and access resources. The forum provided space for relationships to get stronger. This enabled innovation that changed practice and performance around increased uptake of tech-enabled remote monitoring solutions by patients as well as indirect health outcomes. Further work is required to collate quantitative data to confirm these claims from the forum members.
Evaluation of implementation and effects of a health-promoting sports club intervention using a mixed-method design: PROSCeSS protocol
Authors: Tezier Benjamin , Guillemin Francis , Vuillemin Anne , Johnson Stacey , Lemonnier Fabienne , Rostan Florence , Van Hoye Aurélie
Published: October 2022

Public authorities and academics have advocated for applying been advocating for the application of the setting-based approach to sports clubs. However, studies have shown that existing health promotion (HP) interventions in sports clubs poorly understand and apply this approach. Moreover, methods used to evaluate these interventions do not inform their implementation process, limiting the generation effectiveness’ proofs. This study aims at evaluating the implementation process and effectiveness of an HP intervention in sports clubs (PROmotion de la Santé dans les ClubS de Spor; PROSCeSS), based on the health-promoting sports club (HPSC) model.

A type 3 hybrid design, using a multiphase mixed-method: QUAN→QUAL→ QUAN+QUAL (qual)→QUAL (quan+qual), will be used. Phase A will be a pre–post–quantitative study with one HP officer, five managers and five coaches from 30 sports clubs exploring the effects of the PROSCeSS intervention on HP perceptions and health literacy. Phase B will be focus groups with participants from HP initiatives that the 30 sports clubs will have previously put in place to detect changes in health. Phase C will explain the results of phases A and B by choice of strategies and adherence to standardised steps, measured through semistructured interviews and implementation data collection. Phase D will cross-reference the semistructured interviews, the sports club characteristics questionnaire and the implementation data collection to study the relationships between the context and the implementation process. This protocol will identify ‘what works’, ‘for whom’, in ‘what context’ in terms of HPSC and clarify which intervention components are more effective at improving HP. This evaluation design will help to develop appropriate approaches to evaluate HP interventions.
Inclusion of women into ground close combat roles: an organisational change perspective
Authors: Harvey Joanna
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Women have formally been excluded from ground close combat (GCC) roles in the UK military until 2018. The opening of the final roles to all genders has been the result of a steady process and progression, gathering pace since the early 1990s. This paper considers the integration of women into GCC roles against a number of influential organisational change management theories.

Method

A series of 12 focus groups were conducted in April 2018 with personnel from 4 infantry units, including attached women, to understand the key issues and attitudes surrounding women joining the infantry. A total of 123 personnel took part in the focus groups.

Results

Themes from the focus groups were broken down by dominant groupings as per the discussions. Male personnel were largely concerned with physical and medical issues, infrastructure, potential dual standards and social cohesion. Attached females main concerns were regarding physical and medical issues, team dynamics, potential bias and the need to prove themselves as combat soldiers. Positives were identified by all male and female focus groups, including the benefits of increased diversity, more opportunities and equality for women, improvement of Army fitness levels and an increase in numbers.

Conclusions

These findings helped to inform the Army approach to the integration of women into combat roles. The opportunity to discuss the change in policy was seen as positive by attendees, providing a 'safe space' to air any concerns and was important for the organisation to understand and mitigate any potential barriers.
Virus information interactive spreading with information attenuation on multiplex networks
Authors: Sun Caiyun , Wang Honglin
Published: October 2022

Controlling the virus spreading in complex networks is very important to the research fields ranging from social science to technology. However, recent researches only consider information transmission and virus spreading as independent and uncorrelated, which neglect their interactive process in real systems. To study the interactive process between information transmission and virus spreading, in this paper, we propose a new virus information interactive spreading model on multiplex network. The multiplex networks can be divided into information transmission layer and virus spreading layer. The interactive spreading model considers the inherent characteristics of information by introducing the information forgetting and information loss mechanisms. Specially, by utilizing the mean field theory, the information transmission and virus process are unified to deduce the critical threshold of virus breakout. It shows that the critical threshold is not only related to the spreading properties of virus, but also influenced by the information density of individuals. We also find that the critical threshold is independent of the information generation probability, and the loss of the information will lead to a decrease. Finally, to verify the theoretical derivations, we apply it on both artificial network and real social network. The experimental results show that the simulations perfectly coincide with theoretical results, which verified the effectiveness of our model.
Analytic solutions of the long-wave-short-wave resonance system in fluid mechanics
Authors: Zhang Jie , Guo Rui , Hao Hui-Qin
Published: October 2022

Under investigation in this paper is the long-wave-short-wave resonance system, which can describe a variety of nonlinear wave phenomena such as the two-dimensional packets of capillary-gravity waves in hydrodynamics and the optical-terahertz waves. The intended aim is carried out via considering a traveling wave reduction, adopting a modified version of the Jacobi elliptic expansion method and employing the Weierstrass elliptic function method to derive such analytic solutions as the bright and dark soliton solutions, periodic solutions, trigonometric-function and elliptic-function solutions in fluid mechanics.
Construction of sequences with high nonlinear complexity from a generalization of the Hermitian function field
Authors: Castellanos A. S. , Quoos L. , Tizziotti G.
Published: October 2022

For [Formula: see text] an odd integer, we provide a sequence from the function field [Formula: see text] of the maximal curve over [Formula: see text] defined by the affine equation [Formula: see text]. This sequence has high nonlinear complexity, and this fact comes from the existence of a rational function on [Formula: see text] with pole divisor of small degree, and support in certain [Formula: see text] rational places.
Plasma Production and Applications: A Review
Authors: Yasoob A. N. , Abdalameer Nisreen kh. , Mohammed Adnan Qahtan
Published: October 2022

Large amounts of plasma, the universe’s fourth most common kind of stuff, may be found across our galaxy and other galaxies. There are four types of matter in the cosmos, and plasma is the most common. By heating the compressed air or inert gases to create negatively and positively charged particles known as ions, electrically neutral particles in their natural state are formed. Many scientists are currently focusing their efforts on the development of artificial plasma and the possible advantages it may have for humankind in the near future. In the literature, there is a scarcity of information regarding plasma applications. It’s the goal of this page to describe particular methods for creating and using plasma, which may be used in a variety of sectors, including electrical, mechanical, chemical and medicinal ones. Creating and using plasma is possible in a variety of settings. Here are a few examples: Production of hydrogen from alcohol. Plasma technology’s market value in the medical sector is increasing at a fast rate, which is reducing the discrepancy between the benefits of plasma technology and the cost of the equipment necessary to create and maintain it.
A new approach on Einstein equation in super spacetime
Authors: Gholami F. , Darabi F. , Mohammadi M. , Varsaie S. , Roshandel M.
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we introduce a new kind of super warped product spaces [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a supermanifold of dimension [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a superdomain with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], subject to the warp functions [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively. In each super warped product space, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], it is shown that Einstein equations [Formula: see text], with cosmological term [Formula: see text] are reducible to the Einstein equations [Formula: see text] on the super space [Formula: see text] with cosmological term [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are functions of f(t), [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], as well as (m, n). This dependence points to the origin of cosmological terms which turn out to be within the warped structure of the super spacetime. By using the generalized Robertson–Walker spacetime, as a super spacetime, and demanding for constancy of [Formula: see text], we can determine the warp functions and [Formula: see text] which result in finding the solutions for Einstein equations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We have discussed the cosmological solutions, for each kind of super warped product space, in the special case of [Formula: see text].
On P(k) path eigenvalues and P(k) path energy of graphs
Authors: Sabeti Samira , Semnani Saeed Mohammadian
Published: October 2022

Given a graph [Formula: see text] with vertex set [Formula: see text], we associate to it a [Formula: see text] path matrix whose [Formula: see text] entry represents the maximum number of vertex disjoint path with the length [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]. The eigenvalues of this matrix are called the path eigenvalues of the graph. In this note, we investigate [Formula: see text] path energy of some classes of graphs and several results concerning [Formula: see text] path energy has been obtained.
Numerical Investigation of Irreversibility in Bioconvective Flow of Sisko Nanofluid with Arrhenius Energy
Authors: Saleem Muzher , Haq Fazal , Ullah Asad , ur Rahman Mujeeb , Bafakeeh Omar T.
Published: October 2022

This paper investigates modeling and analysis of entropy generation in bioconvective non-radiative Sisko nanofluid flow by stretchable cylinder. Momentum relation is modeled in view of Darcy Forchheimer and porosity effects. Dissipation, Joule heating and heat generation impacts are accounted in energy relation. Mass concertation communication is constructed in manifestation of Arrhenius energy and chemical reaction. Brownian dispersion and thermophoretic effects of solid nanoparticles in Sisko liquid are stabilized by self-propelled gyrotactic microorganisms. The flow governing model is obtained utilizing boundary layer concepts. Fluid transport equations are made dimensionless via transformations and then tackled by NDSolve code in Mathematica package. Variation in transport properties versus effective parameters is examined via graphs and tables. It is perceived from obtained results that Sisko nanofluid velocity decays versus higher curvature parameter, Hartman number, porosity and Forchheimer variable. Further, it is observed that temperature distribution enhances for heat generation variable, Eckert number, Brownian movement variable, thermophoresis motion parameter and Prandtl number. Main observations are listed in the end.
A Solid/Liquid High-Energy-Density Storage Concept for Redox Flow Batteries and Its Demonstration in an H2-V System
Authors: Li Yuanchao , Van Nguyen Trung
Published: October 2022

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are ideal for large-scale, long-duration energy storage applications. However, the limited solubility of most ions and compounds in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents (1M–1.5 M) restricts their use in the days-energy storage scenario, which necessitates a large volume of solution in the numerous tanks and the vast floorspace for these tanks, making the RFB systems costly. To resolve the low energy storage density issue, this work presents a novel way in which the reactants and products are stored in both solid and soluble forms and only the liquid with soluble ions is circulated through the batteries. Storing the active ions in solid form can greatly increase the storage energy density of the system. With a solid to liquid storage ratio of 2:1, for example, the energy density of the electrolyte of vanadium sulfate (VOSO4), an active compound used in the all-vanadium RFB, can be increased from 40 Ah l−1 to 163 Ah l−1 (>4X), allowing an existing 6-h RFB system to become a 24-h system with minimal modifications. To show how the concept works, an H2-V flow battery with a solid/liquid storage system is used, and its successful demonstration validates the solid-liquid storage concept.
Fentanyl effects on respiratory neuron activity in the dorsolateral pons
Authors: Saunders Sandy E. , Baekey David M. , Levitt Erica S.
Published: October 2022

Opioids can suppress breathing via actions throughout the brainstem, including the dorsolateral pons. The respiratory phenotype of dorsolateral pontine neurons inhibited by opioids is unknown. Here, we describe the effect of the highly potent opioid fentanyl on the firing activity of these dorsolateral pontine neurons. Inspiratory neurons were largely silenced by fentanyl, whereas expiratory neurons were not. We provide a framework whereby this differential sensitivity to fentanyl can contribute to respiratory pattern deficits and apnea.
Onion Essential Oil-in-Water Emulsion as a Food Flavoring Agent: Effect of Environmental Stress on Physical Properties and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Taghavi Elham , Abdul Salam Afifah Syazwani , Anarjan Navideh , Nillian Elexson , Lani Mohd Nizam
Published: October 2022

Plant essential oils (EOs), which are acknowledged as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), have the potential to be used as a flavoring agent. However, there are limitations to some EOs, such as low water solubility and high volatility, which limit their application in food technology. This study was conducted to develop onion (Allium cepa) EO as a flavoring agent and determine its stability against environmental stress via an emulsification technique, with different concentrations of sodium caseinate, as a delivery system. Emulsions containing onion EO were prepared using different concentrations of sodium caseinate (3, 5, and 7%w/w) via the solvent-displacement technique. The physical properties (average droplet size, color, turbidity, and stability measurement) and antibacterial activity (agar disk diffusion method) of emulsions were then determined. Results show that emulsion with 7% (w/w) sodium caseinate was the most desirable sample in terms of physical properties and antibacterial activity. Hence, it was selected for environmental stress studies (i.e., thermal processing, freeze-thaw cycles, and ultraviolet (UV) exposure). Results revealed that all types of environmental stresses had significant (p<0.05) effects on droplet size, color, turbidity, and stability. Generally, the environmental stresses increased the droplet size except in the freeze-thaw cycle case, while all stresses decreased the stability and lightness. All types of environmental stress treatment did not show a significant (p<0.05) effect on antibacterial activity enhancement against Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes except in the case of UV treatment against L. monocytogenes. Therefore, the present work has demonstrated the potential use of emulsion as an encapsulation and delivery system of EO flavors for food applications.
Evaluation of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Study on Salt Tolerance Relationship of Different Salt-Tolerant Wheat Varieties
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Zhao Yong , Wang Wei , Xu Ke , Niu Liya , Yu Liang , Zou Jing wei , Wang Zhi , Zhang Yu jie , Wang Fengzhi , Zhang Shuhua , Yang Xueju
Published: October 2022

The physiological and biochemical indexes of different salt-tolerant wheat cultivars under salt stress are affected to different degrees. The changes in physiological and biochemical indexes in salt-tolerant wheat varieties are moderate, while salt-sensitive wheat varieties have bigger changes. In this article, through comprehensive utilization of germination and seedling indoor test morphological indexes, physiological and biochemical index, and output index, combined with the evaluation mechanism of wheat’s salt resistance, different salt tolerance types in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Shandong province were studied; a collection of 100 wheat varieties and 11 wheat varieties planted over a large area were classified into three groups: strong salt resistance, medium salt resistance, and weak salt resistance. Comparative analysis of different wheat varieties’ salt resistance evaluation mechanism was performed, as well as the analysis of the germination rate of wheat varieties, coleoptile growth situation, emergence rate, protect wheat seeding rate, tillering rate, seedling height, root length, seedling dry weight, wet weight, number of leaves, plant growth situation, agronomic characters of the Na+/K+ ratio, and other physiological and biochemical indexes such as salt resistance index. The evaluation mechanism of salt tolerance and the relationship of salt tolerance of different wheat varieties were obtained. The results showed that there were significant differences in salt tolerance among the 100 wheat varieties at the germination stage. Among them, three varieties, YM (Yangmai) 25, YM (Yangmai) 24, and EM (Emai) 25, had the strongest salt tolerance at the germination stage, reaching the level of the salt tolerance variety DK 961, and the salt tolerance was in the first level, while NM 17, NM 23, and other 21 varieties reached the level of the salt tolerance. These 24 varieties with strong salt tolerance at the germination stage can be used to screen the salt tolerance of wheat planted in the saline soil of Jiangsu coastal beach.
Analysis of Path Distribution Characteristics and Safety Impact of Pedestrians Crossing in the Advance Right-Turn Lane
Authors: Chen Xiufeng , Chen Ziyu , Yang Jinshun , Pan Fuquan , Wang Ruicong
Published: October 2022

Pedestrian crossing chaos has become one of the significant problems of urban traffic nowadays, and the irregular behavior of pedestrians affects traffic operation and regional safety to a certain extent. Aiming at the safety of pedestrian crossing in the advance right-turn lane, the pedestrian path deviation (PPD) is proposed to quantitatively describe the pedestrian crossing path deviation and analyze the impact of PPD on pedestrian crossing safety. With four advance right-turn lanes at an intersection in Qingdao as the investigation site, the spatiotemporal information of pedestrians and motor vehicles is collected to analyze the characteristics of pedestrian path distribution and the influencing factors of pedestrian crossing under the factors of traffic flow and environment. The pedestrian-vehicle conflict characteristics are analyzed from the perspective of conflict rate and deceleration-to-safety. The severity level of human-vehicle conflict is classified according to the cumulative frequency of safety deceleration, and the severity model of human-vehicle conflict based on ordered probit is established. The results show that buildings such as large shopping malls and transportation hubs have an attractive effect on pedestrians. Under the influence of unilateral buildings, the proportion of irregular use of pedestrian crosswalks reaches 46.9%. There is a significant positive correlation between pedestrian flow and PPD index, and the increase of pedestrian flow causes the aggravation of pedestrian path deviation. The results of the analysis of PPD with pedestrian-vehicle conflict rate and conflict severity show that the increase of PPD significantly increases the risk of pedestrian-vehicle conflict occurrence; in addition, motor vehicle speed and PPD have significant effects on the severity of pedestrian-vehicle conflict, and the increase of both vehicle traffic speed and PPD causes the aggravation of the severity level of pedestrian-vehicle conflict. Combined with the above findings, the PPD index has some value in quantifying pedestrian spatial violations as well as regional safety evaluation, and the findings can provide theoretical guidance for the establishment of traffic facilities.