bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Low-Cost 3D-Printed Upper Limb Prosthetic Device with Hybrid Actuation for Partial Hand Amputees
Authors: Răduică Florin-Felix , Simion Ionel
Published: October 2024

Assistive technology plays an important role in rehabilitation. Body-powered tools rely on manual movement of the artificial limb while externally powered machines use actuators to induce mobility and return function. Alternatively, some devices incorporate both systems. In the case of below-the-wrist amputation, availability of such prosthetics is quite limited according to the literature. Our aim was to establish an alternative design for a partial hand prosthetic with both body and external power. A mixed actuation system was conceived. To generate the grasping force required to impel the transitional partial hand prosthetic, three DC motors were used. As a result, a grasping force of 2.8 kgf was possible to achieve at a 600 mA drawn current at 6 V. Furthermore, a locking system and a pretension system were included to enhance device handling. The resulting device came at a calculated cost of 260 euros. The proposed design provides a solution for patients with below the wrist partial hand amputation.
Efficiency and Interference Verification of a HONO Collection System Using an Ultrasonic Nozzle Coupled with a Recirculating Spray Chamber for Ambient Air Monitoring
Authors: Oh Sea-Ho , Schauer James J. , Jeon Hajeong , Ko Dong-Hoon , Choe Seoyeong , Bae Min-Suk
Published: October 2024

This study explores the efficiency and applicability of a HONO collection system that incorporates an ultrasonic nozzle and spray chamber for the measurement of ambient air. The system demonstrates (1) a remarkable efficiency of 97.7% across two serial stages, (2) lower detection limits of 0.15 ppbv for HONO, and (3) an absence of interference from NO2 or OH radicals. Practical ambient monitoring with the HONO collection system revealed typical diurnal variations in HONO, O3, and HNO3 concentrations, aligning with photolysis dynamics. Notably, HONO concentrations peaked at 0.37 ppb during nighttime and decreased to 0.27 ppb by midday. O3 demonstrated an inverse relationship with HONO, especially during ozone depletion phases, with r2 values of 0.94, 0.81, and 0.52 across various intervals. The HONO/NOx ratio during periods of enhanced HONO suggested the presence of additional formation mechanisms beyond heterogeneous NOx reactions. Moreover, ozone levels often fell below 20 ppb, indicating a consistent inverse correlation with HONO, thereby reaffirming further mechanisms of HONO formation beyond heterogeneous NOx reactions. The real-time atmospheric chemical reactions involving HONO, monitored concurrently with O3 and NOx, were effectively validated by the HONO collection system employed in this investigation.
Assessing Nitrogen Dioxide in the Highveld Troposphere: Pandora Insights and TROPOMI Sentinel-5P Evaluation
Authors: Kai-Sikhakhane Refilwe F. , Scholes Mary C. , Piketh Stuart J. , van Geffen Jos , Garland Rebecca M. , Havenga Henno , Scholes Robert J.
Published: October 2024

Nitrogen oxides, particularly NO2, are emitted through a variety of industrial and transport processes globally. The world’s continuous economic development, including in developing countries, results in an increasing concentration of those gases in the atmosphere. Yet, there is scant information on the current state and recent evolution of these atmospheric pollutants over a range of spatial and temporal scales, especially in Africa. This, in turn, hinders the assessment of the emissions and the evaluation of potential risks or impacts on societies and their economies, as well as on the environment. This study attempts to fill the gap by leveraging data from a Pandora-2S ground-based, column-integrating instrument located in Wakkerstroom in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa and space-based remote sensing data obtained from the TROPOMI instrument onboard the ESA Sentinel-5P satellite. We compare these two spatially (horizontal) representative data sets using statistical tools to investigate the concentrations of emitted and transported NO2 at this particular location, expecting that a significant positive correlation between the NO2 tropospheric vertical column (TVC) data might justify using the TROPOMI data, available globally, as a proxy for tropospheric and boundary layer NO2 concentrations over the Highveld of South Africa more generally. The data from the two instruments showed no significant difference between the interannual mean TVC-NO2 in 2020 and 2021. The seasonal patterns for both instruments were different in 2020, but in 2021, both measured peak TVC-NO2 concentrations in late winter (week 34). The instruments both detected higher TVC-NO2 concentrations during transitions between seasons, particularly from winter to spring. The TVC-NO2 concentrations measured in Wakkerstroom Mpumalanga are mostly contributed to by the emission sources in the low troposphere, such as biomass burning and emissions from local power stations.
Identification of Cuproptosis-Associated Prognostic Gene Expression Signatures from 20 Tumor Types
Authors: Ooko Ednah , Ali Nadeen T. , Efferth Thomas
Published: October 2024

We investigated the mRNA expression of 124 cuproptosis-associated genes in 7489 biopsies from 20 different tumor types of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The KM plotter algorithm has been used to calculate Kaplan–Meier statistics and false discovery rate (FDR) corrections. Interaction networks have been generated using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). High mRNA expression of 63 out of 124 genes significantly correlated with shorter survival times of cancer patients across all 20 tumor types. IPA analyses revealed that their gene products were interconnected in canonical pathways (e.g., cancer, cell death, cell cycle, cell signaling). Four tumor entities showed a higher accumulation of genes than the other cancer types, i.e., renal clear cell carcinoma (n = 21), renal papillary carcinoma (n = 13), kidney hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 13), and lung adenocarcinoma (n = 9). These gene clusters may serve as prognostic signatures for patient survival. These signatures were also of prognostic value for tumors with high mutational rates and neoantigen loads. Cuproptosis is of prognostic significance for the survival of cancer patients. The identification of specific gene signatures deserves further exploration for their clinical utility in routine diagnostics.
Design of a Robust Flow Cytometric Approach for Phenotypical and Functional Analysis of Human Monocyte Subsets in Health and Disease
Authors: Ahrazoglu Talia , Kluczny Jennifer Isabel , Kleimann Patricia , Irschfeld Lisa-Marie , Nienhaus Fabian Theodor , Bönner Florian , Gerdes Norbert , Temme Sebastian
Published: October 2024

Human monocytes can be subdivided into phenotypically and functionally different classical, intermediate and non-classical monocytes according to the cell surface expression of CD14 and CD16. A precise identification and characterisation of monocyte subsets is necessary to unravel their role in inflammatory diseases. Here, we compared three different flow cytometric strategies (A–C) and found that strategy C, which included staining against CD11b, HLA-DR, CD14 and CD16, followed by several gating steps, most reliably identified monocyte subtypes in blood samples from healthy volunteers and from patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) or ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Additionally, we established a fixation and permeabilisation protocol to enable the analysis of intracellular markers. We investigated the phagocytosis of lipid nanoparticles, the uptake of 2-NBD-glucose and the intracellular levels of CD74 and HLA-DM. This revealed that classical and intermediate monocytes from patients with STEMI showed the highest uptake of 2-NBD-glucose, whereas classical and intermediate monocytes from patients with CHD took up the largest amounts of lipid nanoparticles. Interestingly, intermediate monocytes had the highest expression level of HLA-DM. Taken together, we present a robust flow cytometric approach for the identification and functional characterisation of monocyte subtypes in healthy humans and patients with diseases.
Serum Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Patterns in Severe Obesity: A Preliminary Investigation in Women
Authors: Lima Gislene B. , Figueiredo Nayra , Kattah Fabiana M. , Oliveira Emilly S. , Horst Maria A. , Dâmaso Ana R. , Oyama Lila M. , Whitton Renata G. M. , de Souza Gabriel I. M. H. , Lima Glaucia C. , Mota João F. , Campos Raquel M. S. , Corgosinho Flávia C.
Published: October 2024

Background: Inflammation plays a central role in many chronic diseases that characterize modern society. Leptin/adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratios have been recognized as notable markers of dysfunctional adipose tissue and, consequently, an inflammatory state. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 41 adult volunteers (40.2 ± 8.3 years) diagnosed with severe obesity (BMI 46.99; 42.98–51.91 kg/m2). The adipokines were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the serum fatty acid analysis was conducted using chromatography. Results: The results unveiled a positive correlation between the leptin/adiponectin ratio and the 20:3n6 fatty acid (r = 0.52, p = 0.001), as well as a similar positive correlation between the adiponectin/leptin ratio and the 22:6n3 fatty acid (r = 0.74, p = 0.001). In the regression analysis, the 22:6n3 fatty acid predicted the adiponectin/leptin ratio (β = 0.76, p < 0.001), whereas C20:3 n-6 was a predictor for inflammatory markers (β = 4.84, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In conclusion, the 22:6n3 fatty acid was demonstrated to be a predictive factor for the adiponectin/leptin ratio and C20:3 n-6 was a predictor for inflammatory markers. This discovery, novel within this population, can help develop new intervention strategies aimed at controlling the inflammatory status in individuals classified as having severe obesity.
Sex-Specific Insights into Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis in Significant Tricuspid Regurgitation: A Narrative Review
Authors: Paiva Mariana Sousa , Santos Rita Reis , Guerreiro Sara , Ribeiras Regina
Published: October 2024

In recent decades, a burgeoning interest in tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has been prompted by a heightened awareness of its prevalence and the advent of dedicated percutaneous treatment approaches. Despite considerable understanding of its intricate anatomy and response to varying pressure and loading conditions, the impact of biological sex remains a subject of investigation. While TR typically afflicts more women, significant differences in TR etiology and post-treatment outcomes have not been conclusively established. This narrative review seeks to consolidate the latest evidence concerning sex-related nuances in anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of significant tricuspid regurgitation. Through synthesizing this information, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how sex may influence the management and prognosis of this condition.
Development of a Competitive Nutrient-Based T-Cell Immunotherapy Designed to Block the Adaptive Warburg Effect in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Cao Huynh , Xiao Jeffrey , Baylink David J. , Nguyen Vinh , Shim Nathan , Lee Jae , Mallari Dave J. R. , Wasnik Samiksha , Mirshahidi Saied , Chen Chien-Shing , Abdel-Azim Hisham , Reeves Mark E. , Xu Yi
Published: October 2024

Background: T-cell-based adoptive cell therapies have emerged at the forefront of cancer immunotherapies; however, failed long-term survival and inevitable exhaustion of transplanted T lymphocytes in vivo limits clinical efficacy. Leukemia blasts possess enhanced glycolysis (Warburg effect), exploiting their microenvironment to deprive nutrients (e.g., glucose) from T cells, leading to T-cell dysfunction and leukemia progression. Methods: Thus, we explored whether genetic reprogramming of T-cell metabolism could improve their survival and empower T cells with a competitive glucose-uptake advantage against blasts and inhibit their uncontrolled proliferation. Results: Here, we discovered that high-glucose concentration reduced the T-cell expression of glucose transporter GLUT1 (SLC2A1) and TFAM (mitochondrion transcription factor A), an essential transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, leading to their impaired expansion ex vivo. To overcome the glucose-induced genetic deficiency in metabolism, we engineered T cells with lentiviral overexpression of SLC2A1 and/or TFAM transgene. Multi-omics analyses revealed that metabolic reprogramming promoted T-cell proliferation by increasing IL-2 release and reducing exhaustion. Moreover, the engineered T cells competitively deprived glucose from allogenic blasts and lessened leukemia burden in vitro. Conclusions: Our findings propose a novel T-cell immunotherapy that utilizes a dual strategy of starving blasts and cytotoxicity for preventing uncontrolled leukemia proliferation.
Impact of Stabilization Splint Therapy on Orthodontic Diagnosis in Patients with Signs and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorder
Authors: Demirovic Kenan , Dzemidzic Vildana , Nakas Enita
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The relation between the orthopedic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) instability and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) most commonly remain unrecognized by orthodontists. In this study we aimed to evaluate the dentofacial characteristics and temporomandibular disorder symptomatology of patients with orthopedic instability before and after deprogramming with a stabilization splint. Methods: Sixty patients with the signs and symptoms of TMD were assessed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) and underwent stabilization splint therapy to place the condyles in a more stable musculoskeletal position. The extent of condylar displacement was evaluated using the condylar position indicator (CPI). Sixteen angular and linear hard tissue landmarks were traced and compared from lateral cephalograms taken in the maximum intercuspation (MI) position before, and in the centric relation (CR) position after, the splint therapy. Results: Following the splint therapy, the signs and symptoms of TMD were significantly reduced or completely eliminated in more than 90% of patients. Compared with the values registered before the splint therapy, a significant reduction in the mean values of condylar displacement was observed on both sides of the vertical (p < 0.001), horizontal (p < 0.05), and transverse (p < 0.001) planes of space after the splint therapy. A comparison of pre- and post-splint lateral cephalograms revealed that, following the splint therapy, the mandible moved more posteriorly and rotated in a more clockwise direction. Conclusions: In patients with orthopedic instability and the signs and symptoms of TMD, muscle deprogramming with a stabilization splint therapy is highly recommended to improve the health of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory structures and contribute to a more correct orthodontic diagnosis.
Associations between Disc Hemorrhage and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Based on Genome-Wide Association and Mendelian Randomization Analyses
Authors: Seo Je Hyun , Lee Young , Choi Hyuk Jin
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: We aimed to investigate the genetic loci related to disc hemorrhage (DH) and the relationship of causation between DH and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in East Asian individuals. Methods: The GWAS included 8488 Koreans who underwent ocular examination including fundus photography to determine the presence of DH and POAG. We performed a GWAS to identify significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with DH and analyzed the heritability of DH and genetic correlation between DH and POAG. The identified SNPs were utilized as instrumental variables (IVs) for two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The POAG outcome dataset was adopted from Biobank Japan data (n = 179,351). Results: We found that the rs62463744 (TMEM270;ELN), rs11658281 (CCDC42), and rs77127203 (PDE10A;LINC00473) SNPs were associated with DH. The SNP heritability of DH was estimated to be 6.7%, with an absence of a genetic correlation with POAG. MR analysis did not reveal a causal association between DH and POAG for East Asian individuals. Conclusions: The novel loci underlying DH in the Korean cohort revealed SNPs in the ELN, CCDC41, and LINC00473 genes. The absence of a causal association between DH and POAG implies that DH is a shared risk factor, rather than an independent culprit factor, and warrants further investigation.
Slow-Paced Breathing Intervention in Healthcare Workers Affected by Long COVID: Effects on Systemic and Dysfunctional Breathing Symptoms, Manual Dexterity and HRV
Authors: Mauro Marcella , Zulian Elisa , Bestiaco Nicoletta , Polano Maurizio , Larese Filon Francesca
Published: October 2024

Background: Many COVID-19 survivors still experience long-term effects of an acute infection, most often characterised by neurological, cognitive and psychiatric sequelae. The treatment of this condition is challenging, and many hypotheses have been proposed. Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation using slow-paced breathing (SPB) could stimulate both central nervous system areas and parasympathetic autonomic pathways, leading to neuromodulation and a reduction in inflammation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate physical, cognitive, emotional symptoms, executive functions and autonomic cardiac modulation after one month of at-home slow breathing intervention. Methods: 6655 healthcare workers (HCWs) were contacted via a company email in November 2022, of which N = 58 HCWs were enrolled as long COVID (cases) and N = 53 HCWs as controls. A baseline comparison of the two groups was performed. Subsequently each case was instructed on how to perform a resonant SPB using visual heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback. They were then given a mobile video tutorial breathing protocol and asked to perform it three times a day (morning, early afternoon and before sleep). N = 33 cases completed the FU. At T0 and T1, each subject underwent COVID-related, psychosomatic and dysfunctional breathing questionnaires coupled with heart rate variability and manual dexterity assessments. Results: After one month of home intervention, an overall improvement in long-COVID symptoms was observed: confusion/cognitive impairment, chest pain, asthenia, headache and dizziness decreased significantly, while only a small increase in manual dexterity was found, and no relevant changes in cardiac parasympathetic modulation were observed.
Standing on Elevated Platform Changes Postural Reactive Responses during Arm Movement
Authors: Mochizuki Luis , Pennone Juliana , Bigongiari Aline , Cosme Renata Garrido , Massa Marcelo , Ré Alessandro Hervaldo Nicolai , Alcântaro Ricardo Pereira , Amadio Alberto Carlos
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This study investigated the behavior of postural adjustments throughout the entire action: from the preparatory phase (anticipatory postural adjustment, APA), the focal movement phase (online postural adjustments, OPA), to the compensatory phase (compensatory postural adjustment, CPA) while raising the arms in a standing position, both with eyes opened and closed. The goal was to analyze the effects of reduced sensorial information and different heights on postural muscle activity during these three phases. Methods: Eight young women performed rapid shoulder flexion while standing on the ground and on a 1-m elevated platform. The EMG activity of the trunk and lower limb muscles was recorded during all three phases. Results: Although average muscle activity was similar on the ground and the elevated platform, the pattern of postural muscle activation varied across the motor action. During OPA, all postural muscle activity was the highest, while it was the lowest during APA. On the elevated platform postural muscles have increased their activation during APA. In the most stable condition (standing on the ground with eyes opened), muscle activity showed a negative correlation between APA and OPA, but there was no correlation between OPA and CPA. Conclusions: Our results suggest postural control adapts to sensory, motor, and cognitive conditions. Therefore, the increased demand for postural control due to the height of the support base demands greater flexibility in postural synergies and alters muscle activity.
Residents’ Cognition, Attitudes, and Intentions to Participate in Long-Term Care Insurance: Moderating Effect of Policy Support
Authors: Sun Zhaohui , Li Yifan , Gao Shaokui
Published: October 2024

This study took a comprehensive approach to considering residents’ demands and investigated the intentions of residents in Hebei Province to participate in LTCI, exploring the potential for individual participation. By integrating the unique Chinese context and existing literature, this study established a theoretical framework for research hypotheses concerning the influencing factors of residents’ participation intentions. Leveraging a sample of 516 survey responses, we employed structural equation modeling (SEM) and hierarchical regression analysis (HRA) for validation. The research revealed that the heterogeneity of resident attributes has a significant influence on their participation intentions, and a gap exists between residents’ attitudes and intentions, leading to a scenario where attitudes are high but intentions are low. Moreover, perceived usefulness, risk perception, and perceived trust were found to directly affect residents’ intentions and could indirectly affect intentions through the mediating effect of attitudes. Additionally, the moderating role of policy support is instrumental in facilitating the translation of attitudes into actual intentions, bridging the gap between attitudes and participation intentions. These findings will assist researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of Chinese residents’ participation intentions and their underlying influencing factors, ultimately providing a solid foundation for government policy formulation and insurance companies’ strategic adjustments.
A Survey of Data-Driven Construction Materials Price Forecasting
Authors: Liu Qi , He Peikai , Peng Si , Wang Tao , Ma Jie
Published: October 2024

The construction industry is heavily influenced by the volatility of material prices, which can significantly impact project costs and budgeting accuracy. Traditional econometric methods have been challenged by their inability to capture the frequent fluctuations in construction material prices. This paper reviews the application of data-driven techniques, particularly machine learning, in forecasting construction material prices. The models are categorized into causal modeling and time-series analysis, and characteristics, adaptability, and insights derived from large datasets are discussed. Causal models, such as multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural networks (ANN), and the least square support vector machine (LSSVM), generally utilize economic indicators to predict prices. The commonly used economic indicators include but are not limited to the consumer price index (CPI), producer price index (PPI), and gross domestic product (GDP). On the other hand, time-series models rely on historical price data to identify patterns for future forecasting, and their main advantage is demanding minimal data inputs for model calibration. Other techniques are also explored, such as Monte Carlo simulation, for both price forecasting and uncertainty quantification. The paper recommends hybrid models, which combine various forecasting techniques and deep learning-advanced time-series analysis and have the potential to offer more accurate and reliable price predictions with appropriate modeling processes, enabling better decision-making and cost management in construction projects.
Investigation of Reasonable Reserved Deformation of Deep-Buried Tunnel Excavation Based on Large Deformation Characteristics in Soft Rock
Authors: Yang Zhen , Liu Peisi , Wang Bo , Zhao Yiqi , Zhang Heng
Published: October 2024

This study studies the deformation characteristics of the diversion tunnel of Jinping II Hydropower Station in order to guarantee the safety of the excavation of a large-section soft rock tunnel with a depth of 1000 m and increased ground stress. Using field data, theoretical computations, and numerical modeling, the proper reserved deformation of a deep soft rock tunnel is investigated, taking into consideration the size, in situ stress, and grade of the surrounding rock. The study reveals that (1) The diversion tunnel’s incursion limit, which is typically between 20 and 60 cm, is serious; (2) The surrounding rock level > geostress > tunnel size are the influencing parameters of reserved deformation that remain unchanged while using the numerical simulation method, which is more accurate in simulating field conditions; (3) The west end of the Jinping diversion tunnel has a 30–60 cm reserved deformation range for the chlorite schist tunnel. The deformation law of a large-section, 1000 m-deep soft rock tunnel is better understood, and it also offers important references for high-stress soft rock tunnel engineering design, construction, and safety management.
Role of Graphene Oxide in Disentangling Amyloid Beta Fibrils
Authors: Duswalt Brianna , Wolson Isabella , Macwan Isaac
Published: October 2024

Recently, the accumulation of Amyloid Beta (Aβ) in the brain has been linked to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through the formation of aggregated plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Although carbon nanoparticles were previously shown as having a potential to address AD, the interactions of Aβ with such nanoparticles have not been studied extensively. In this work, molecular dynamic simulations are utilized to simulate the interactions between a single atomic layer of graphene oxide (GO) and a 12-monomer Aβ fibril. These interactions are further compared to those between GO and five individual monomers of Aβ to further understand the conformational changes in Aβ as an individual monomer and as a component of the Aβ fibril. It was found that out of the 42 residues of the Aβ monomers, residues 27–42 are the most affected by the presence of GO. Furthermore, stability analysis through RMSD, conformational energies and salt bridges, along with nonbonding energy, illustrate that Aβ–Aβ interactions were successfully interrupted and dismantled by GO. Overall, the differences in the interactions between monomeric Aβ consisting of five monomers with GO, an Aβ fibril with GO, and control Aβ monomers among themselves, helped elucidate the potential that GO has to disentangle the Aβ tangles, both in case of individual monomers forming a cluster and as part of the Aβ fibril.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on Cancer Diagnoses Using Swiss Cantonal Cancer Registry Data
Authors: Suter Flurina , Wanner Miriam , Menges Dominik , Wicki Andreas , Korol Dimitri , Rohrmann Sabine
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: This study aims to investigate differences in cancer diagnosis based on absolute case numbers and age-standardized incidence rate ratios (IRRs) in the pre-Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) years (2018/19) and the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, 2021) in two Swiss cantons. Methods: Data of the Swiss cantonal cancer registry of the cantons of Zurich (ZH) and Zug (ZG) were used to descriptively investigate differences in annual and monthly absolute numbers regarding all-cancer and the five most common cancer types. Directly age-standardized monthly incidence rates (IRs) were calculated. Multivariate Quasipoisson regression models were fitted to determine the IRRs with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Annual absolute numbers of all investigated cancers were similar in 2018/19, 2020, and 2021, except for prostate cancer (increase of 20.8% in 2021 compared to 2018/19). In 2020, there were generally more cancer diagnoses in January and February followed by a decrease in April and May. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, lower IRs were observed in 2020 for all-cancer (IRR = 0.96 [95% CI 0.96, 0.97]) and female breast cancer (0.92 [0.89, 0.96]), whereas higher IRs were observed in 2021 for all-cancer (1.02 [1.02, 1.02]) and prostate cancer (1.23 [1.18, 1.28]). Conclusions: Cancer detection and diagnoses decreased during the first year of the pandemic, especially during the most stringent lockdown phase in April. The findings of this study may inform the decisions of policymakers and public health system during future pandemics.
FL118 Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy in Colorectal Cancer by Inhibiting the Homologous Recombination Repair Pathway through Survivin–RAD51 Downregulation
Authors: Kim Jungyoun , Jeong Yeyeong , Shin You Me , Kim Sung Eun , Shin Sang Joon
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Irinotecan, a camptothecin (CPT) derivative, is commonly used as a first-line therapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), but resistance remains a significant challenge. This study aims to explore the therapeutic potential of FL118, another CPT derivative, with a focus on overcoming resistance to irinotecan. Methods: The effects of FL118 on CRC cells were evaluated, and bioinformatics analysis was performed on RNA-seq data. Transfection was conducted to observe the knockdown effect of survivin, and the in vivo efficacy of FL118 was assessed using a xenograft model. Results: FL118 induces apoptosis, G2/M arrest, and DNA damage. A notable mechanism of action of FL118 is a reduction in survivin levels, which downregulates the expression of RAD51, a key marker of homologous recombination, and attenuates DNA repair processes. Given that SN38 is the active metabolite of irinotecan, FL118 reduces cell viability and RAD51 in SN38-resistant LOVO cells. Conclusions: Our findings provide effective insights into the antitumor activity of FL118 and its potential as a therapeutic agent for overcoming irinotecan resistance in CRC.
Plaque Radiotherapy for Ocular Melanoma
Authors: Thomas George Naveen , Chou I-Ling , Gopal Lingam
Published: October 2024

Plaque radiotherapy is an effective treatment modality for medium-sized ocular tumors such as uveal melanoma. The authors review the available literature and concisely summarize the current state of the art of ophthalmic plaque brachytherapy. The choice of radioisotope, which includes Ruthenium-106 and Iodine-125, depends on the intended treatment duration, tumor characteristics, and side effect profiles. Ophthalmic plaques may be customized to allow for the delivery of a precise radiation dose by adjusting seed placement and plaque shape to minimize collateral tissue radiation. High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy, using beta (e.g., Yttrium-90) and photon-emitting sources (e.g., Ytterbium-169, Selenium-75), allows for rapid radiation dose delivery, which typically lasts minutes, compared to multiple days with low-dose plaque brachytherapy. The efficacy of Ruthenium-106 brachytherapy for uveal melanoma varies widely, with reported local control rates between 59.0% and 98.0%. Factors influencing outcomes include tumor size, thickness, anatomical location, and radiation dose at the tumor apex, with larger and thicker tumors potentially exhibiting poorer response and a higher rate of complications. Plaque brachytherapy is effective for selected tumors, particularly uveal melanoma, providing comparable survival rates to enucleation for medium-sized tumors. The complications of plaque brachytherapy are well described, and many of these are treatable.
Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Nationwide Retrospective Turkish Oncology Group Study
Authors: Karci Ebru , Bilici Ahmet , Bayram Buket , Celayir Melisa , Ozyurt Neslihan , Uluc Başak Oyan , Eken Aynur , Basaran Gul , Demirci Umut , Kemal Yasemin , Oruncu Mehmet Berk , Olmez Omer Fatih , Selcukbiricik Fatih , Korkmaz Taner , Erturk Ismail , Bilgetekin Irem , Celik Serkan , Turkel Alper , Alkan Ali , Sakin Abdullah , Can Orcun , Gunaldi Meral , Esin Ece , Yildiz Ozcan
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Following the results of the phase 3 KEYNOTE-522 trial, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved pembrolizumab, a humanized IgG4 kappa monoclonal antibody, in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy as a new standard of care for high-risk early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This retrospective, multicenter study in Türkiye assessed the real-world efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy in early-stage TNBC. Methods: The study included 108 patients treated between 2021 and 2023 across 14 oncology centers. Three distinct neoadjuvant regimens incorporating pembrolizumab were administered at the discretion of the treating physicians. The primary outcomes were the pathological complete response (pCR) rate after neoadjuvant therapy and the 2-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates. Results: The observed pCR rate was 63.9%, closely mirroring the 64.8% reported in the KEYNOTE-522 trial. At the two-year mark, the EFS rate was 87.2% and the OS rate was 92.3%. Multivariable analysis identified pCR as the sole independent predictor of both EFS and OS. The safety profile was consistent with previous clinical trial data, with most adverse events being of grade 1–2 in severity. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable real-world confirmation of the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab–chemotherapy in early-stage TNBC, complementing evidence from randomized trials.
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides in Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Zeng Jiebo , Liu Yundan , Huang Zongyu , Qiao Hui , Qi Xiang
Published: October 2024

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), also known as MX2, have attracted considerable attention due to their structure analogous to graphene and unique properties. With superior electronic characteristics, tunable bandgaps, and an ultra-thin two-dimensional structure, they are positioned as significant contenders in advancing electrocatalytic technologies. This article provides a comprehensive review of the research progress of two-dimensional TMDs in the field of electrocatalytic water splitting. Based on their fundamental properties and the principles of electrocatalysis, strategies to enhance their electrocatalytic performance through layer control, doping, and interface engineering are discussed in detail. Specifically, this review delves into the basic structure, properties, reaction mechanisms, and measures to improve the catalytic performance of TMDs in electrocatalytic water splitting, including the creation of more active sites, doping, phase engineering, and the construction of heterojunctions. Research in these areas can provide a deeper understanding and guidance for the application of TMDs in the field of electrocatalytic water splitting, thereby promoting the development of related technologies and contributing to the solution of energy and environmental problems. TMDs hold great potential in electrocatalytic water splitting, and future research needs to further explore their catalytic mechanisms, develop new TMD materials, and optimize the performance of catalysts to achieve more efficient and sustainable energy conversion. Additionally, it is crucial to investigate the stability and durability of TMD catalysts during long-term reactions and to develop strategies to improve their longevity. Interdisciplinary cooperation will also bring new opportunities for TMD research, integrating the advantages of different fields to achieve the transition from basic research to practical application.
Exploring DIX-DIX Homo- and Hetero-Oligomers in Wnt Signaling with AlphaFold2
Authors: Wen Zehua , Wang Lei , Liu Shi-Wei , Fan Hua-Jun Shawn , Song Jong-Won , Lee Ho-Jin
Published: October 2024

Wnt signaling is involved in embryo development and cancer. The binding between the DIX domains of Axin1/2, Dishevelled1/2/3, and Coiled-coil-DIX1 is essential for Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Structural and biological studies have revealed that DIX domains are polymerized through head-to-tail interface interactions, which are indispensable for activating β-catenin Wnt signaling. Although different isoforms of Dvl and Axin proteins display both redundant and specific functions in Wnt signaling, the specificity of DIX-mediated interactions remains unclear due to technical challenges. Using AlphaFold2(AF2), we predict the structures of 6 homodimers and 22 heterodimers of DIX domains without templates and compare them with the reported X-ray complex structures. PRODIGY is used to calculate the binding affinities of these DIX complexes. Our results show that the Axin2 DIX homodimer has a stronger binding affinity than the Axin1 DIX homodimer. Among Dishevelled (Dvl) proteins, the binding affinity of the Dvl1 DIX homodimer is stronger than that of Dvl2 and Dvl3. The Coiled-coil-DIX1(Ccd1) DIX homodimer shows weaker binding than the Axin1 DIX homodimer. Generally, heterodimer interactions tend to be stronger than those of homodimers. Our findings provide insights into the mechanism of the Wnt signaling pathway and highlight the potential of AF2 and PRODIGY for studying protein–protein interactions in signaling pathways.
Laherradurin Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth by Induction of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Autophagy Induction
Authors: Delgado-Waldo Izamary , Dokudovskaya Svetlana , Loissell-Baltazar Yahir A. , Pérez-Arteaga Eduardo , Coronel-Hernández Jossimar , Martínez-Vázquez Mariano , Pérez-Yépez Eloy Andrés , Lopez-Saavedra Alejandro , Jacobo-Herrera Nadia , Pérez Plasencia Carlos
Published: October 2024

LAH, an acetogenin from the Annonaceae family, has demonstrated antitumor activity in several cancer cell lines and in vivo models, where it reduced the tumor size and induced programmed cell death. We focused on the effects of LAH on mitochondrial dynamics, mTOR signaling, autophagy, and apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to explore its anticancer potential. Methods: CRC cells were treated with LAH, and its effects on mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis were measured using Seahorse XF technology. The changes in mitochondrial dynamics were observed through fluorescent imaging, while Western blot analysis was used to examine key autophagy and apoptosis markers. Results: LAH significantly inhibited mitochondrial complex I activity, inducing ATP depletion and a compensatory increase in glycolysis. This disruption caused mitochondrial fragmentation, a trigger for autophagy, as shown by increased LC3-II expression and mTOR suppression. Apoptosis was also confirmed through the cleavage of caspase-3, contributing to reduced cancer cell viability. Conclusions: LAH’s anticancer effects in CRC cells are driven by its disruption of mitochondrial function, triggering both autophagy and apoptosis. These findings highlight its potential as a therapeutic compound for further exploration in cancer treatment.
Coffee Biomass-Based Carbon Material for the Electrochemical Determination of Antidepressant in Synthetic Urine
Authors: Barreto Francisco Contini , Mounienguet Naelle Kita , Ito Erika Yukie , He Quan , Cesarino Ivana
Published: October 2024

Escitalopram (ESC) is commonly prescribed as an antidepressant to enhance serotonin levels in the brain, effectively addressing conditions such as depression and anxiety. The COVID-19 pandemic, along with ongoing mental health crises, has exacerbated the prevalence of these disorders, largely due to factors such as social isolation, fear of the virus, and financial difficulties. This study presents the enhancement of a glassy carbon electrode (GC) through the incorporation of hydrochar (HDC) derived from spent coffee grounds and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) for the detection of ESC in synthetic urine. Characterization of the nanocomposite was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The analytical parameters were systematically optimized, and a sensing platform was utilized for the quantification of ESC via square-wave voltammetry (SWV). The established linear range was found to be between 1.0 µmol L−1 and 50.0 µmol L−1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23 µmol L−1. Finally, an electrochemical sensor was employed to measure ESC levels in synthetic urine, yielding recovery rates ranging from 91.7% to 94.3%. Consequently, the HDC-CuNPs composite emerged as a promising, sustainable, and cost-effective alternative for electroanalytical applications.
Spraying Power Effect on Micro-Structure and Mechanical Property of TaSi2 Coating Prepared by Supersonic Air Plasma Spraying for SiC-Coated C/C Composites
Authors: Liu Fei , Li Hejun , Fu Qiangang , Ji Bolun , Chen Lihao , Zhang Bilin , Zhang Wei , He Xinhai
Published: October 2024

In order to further improve the oxidation resistance of SiC-coated C/C composites used in extreme environments, TaSi2 coatings were deposited on the surfaces of SiC-coated C/C composites by supersonic air plasma spraying (SAPS) with different spraying power parameters, under other fixed parameter (gas flow, power feed rate, spraying distance and nozzle diameter) conditions. The micro-structures and phase characteristics of the TaSi2 coatings prepared with the four kinds of spraying powers (40 kW, 45 kW, 50 kW and 55 kW) were analyzed. Also, the inter-facial bonding strengths and fracture modes between the four TaSi2 coatings and the SiC coating were studied. The results showed that with an increase in the spraying power, the morphologies of the TaSi2 coatings appeared from loose to dense to loose. When the spraying power was 50 kW, the deposition rate reached a maximum of 39.8%. The TaSi2 coating presented an excellent micro-structure without obvious pores and microcracks, and its inter-facial bonding strength was 15.3 ± 2.3 N. Meanwhile, the fracture surface of the sample exhibited a brittle characteristic.
Flexible Piezoelectric 0–3 PZT@C/PDMS Composite Films for Pressure Sensor and Limb Motion Monitoring
Authors: Li Chungang , Li Chao , Wang Yingzi , Zhao Yaoting , Yang Fengzhen , Dong Gensheng , Lin Xiujuan , Huang Shifeng , Yang Changhong
Published: October 2024

The flexible piezoelectric pressure sensor is essential in areas such as machine sensing and human activity monitoring. Here, 0-dimensional PZT piezoelectric ceramic nanoparticles with carbon coating were synthesized by a surface-modified technique. The excellent electrical conductivity of the carbon shell causes redistribution and accumulation of mobile charges in the carbon layer, resulting in a greatly increased piezoelectric effect by inducing an enhanced electric field. A series of organic–inorganic composite films were prepared by the spin-coating method using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the matrix. The as-fabricated flexible PZT@C/PDMS composite film with 40 wt% PZT@C powder exhibits an excellent output voltage of ~74 V, a peak of output current ~295 nA, as well as a big sensitivity of 5.26 V N−1. Moreover, the composite film can be used as a pressure sensor to detect changes in force as well as for monitoring limb movements such as finger flexion, wrist flexion, and pedaling. This study reveals the promising applications of flexible 40%PZT@C/PDMS composite film for limb motion monitoring and pressure sensing.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Injections of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma into Facial Skin
Authors: Koshkinbayeva Alina , Ogizbayeva Alina , Ponamareva Olga , Omarkulov Bauyrzhan , Yutskovskaya Yana
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research was to assess the effectiveness of PRP injections into facial skin and to identify which of the studied blood parameters can affect the effectiveness of the procedure. The research involved 50 women aged 20 to 52 years who received intradermal PRP injections into facial skin. A general examination, complete blood count, and d-dimer, estradiol, and insulin in the blood serum were measured before the procedure, and assessment of the skin’s condition using a facial skin analyzer, assessment of midface volume changes using the Midface Volume Deficit Scale, assessment of aesthetic improvement by the doctor and the patient (Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, GAIS) before and 1 month after the procedure were conducted for all the subjects involved in the research. According to the GAIS, both from the doctor’s and the patients’ perspectives, the majority noted some improvement in the skin condition after the procedure; however, according to the skin analyzer data, there were no statistically significant changes. A total of 56% of the patients displayed improvement in the midface volume, and this was observed in patients with a lower blood platelet count (≤259 × 109/L) and a higher level of estradiol (>99 pg/mL) before the procedure. No undesirable effects were detected after the procedure.
DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA Genetic Variant and Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Possatti Isabella , Rodrigues Gontijo Bruna , Fratelli Caroline Ferreira , Sousa Silva Bonasser Larissa , de Souza Silva Calliandra Maria , Rodrigues da Silva Izabel Cristina
Published: October 2024

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a disease that has been increasingly affecting more people worldwide. The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), encoded by the DRD2 gene, plays critical roles in the brain, one of which is related to reward processes. Aims: The following systematic review aims to analyze the DRD2/ANKK1 TaqIA (rs1800497) polymorphism’s A1 genotype frequency fluctuation in MDD patients and determine its influence on MDD. Methods: Four databases were searched, and the consequent articles were analyzed following the inclusion criteria per the PECOS strategy, resulting in five selected articles. Results: Interestingly, although two articles showed that the A1 allele presence significantly increases the risk of MDD manifestation, most articles did not find a significant association between this DRD2 gene variant and MDD. Conclusions: Most of the included studies were dated, indicating the need for more studies to address the results’ non-conformity with different populations.
Research on a High-Dynamics Acquisition Algorithm for New Binary Offset Carrier Signal in UAV Communication
Authors: Li Xue , Zhou Pan , Zhang Yinsen , Wang Lulu , Zhao Shun
Published: October 2024

As unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in various fields, there is an increasing demand for UAV anti-jamming, multipath mitigation, and covert secrecy. Frequency-hopping binary offset carrier (FH-BOC) signals possess higher anti-jamming and multipath mitigation capabilities than direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and binary offset carrier (BOC) signals. A prerequisite for constructing communication links between UAVs using FH-BOC signals is the design of efficient acquisition algorithms to capture the signals successfully. In this paper, the modulation and characteristics of the FH-BOC signal are introduced. The maximum relative velocity between UAVs is 5.5 km/s, the maximum acceleration is 50 g, and the maximum plus acceleration is 20 g/s. In this high dynamic environment, the parameters for the parallel code phase and Partial Matched Filter–Fast Fourier Transform (PMF-FFT) acquisition algorithms targeting FH-BOC(10,1) signals are designed, and the acquisition performance of these algorithms is comparatively analyzed. The acquisition time for the first and second algorithms is 4.3317 s and 6.137 s. The number of real additions required by the first and second algorithms is approximately 10.9×109 and 8.9×109, and the number of real multiplications is approximately 7.6×109 and 6.7×109. This helps in selecting the acquisition algorithm when FH-BOC signals are used to build inter-UAV communication links.