bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do patient experiences on priority aspects of health care predict their global rating of quality of care? A study in five patient groups
Authors: De Boer Dolf , Delnoij Diana , Rademakers Jany
Published: June 2010

Background  Patient‐given global ratings are frequently interpreted as summary measures of the patient perspective, with limited understanding of what these ratings summarize. Global ratings may be determined by patient experiences on priority aspects of care.

Objectives  (i) identify patient priorities regarding elements of care for breast cancer, hip‐ or knee surgery, cataract surgery, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes, (ii) establish whether experiences regarding priorities are associated with patient‐given global ratings, and (iii) determine whether patient experiences regarding priorities are better predictors of global ratings than experiences concerning less important aspects of care.

Setting and participants  Data collected for the development of five consumer quality index surveys – disease‐specific questionnaires that capture patient experiences and priorities – were used.

Results  Priorities varied: breast cancer patients for example, prioritized rapid access to care and diagnostics, while diabetics favoured dignity and appropriate frequency of tests. Experiences regarding priorities were inconsistently related to global ratings of care. Regression analyses indicated that demographics explain 2.4–8.4% of the variance in global rating. Introducing patient experiences regarding priorities increased the variance explained to 21.1–35.1%; models with less important aspects of care explained 11.8–23.2%.

Conclusions  Some experiences regarding priorities are strongly related to the global rating while others are poorly related. Global ratings are marginally dependent on demographics, and experiences regarding priorities are somewhat better predictors of global rating than experiences regarding less important elements. As it remains to be fully determined what global ratings summarize, caution is warranted when using these ratings as summary measures.
The effect of desmopressin on blood loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing hip arthroplasty
Authors: LEINO K. A. , PÄLVE H. K. , TIUSANEN H. T. , TUPPURAINEN T. T.
Published: June 2010

Background: Blood loss is an important issue for patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing hip surgery. We hypothesised that intraoperative desmopressin treatment would result in a reduction in blood loss in rheumatoid patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.

Methods: Seventy‐five patients scheduled for elective total hip arthroplasty were randomised to three groups to receive 0.4 μg/kg desmopressin (D 0.4), 0.2 μg/kg desmopressin (D 0.2) or placebo intraoperatively in a double‐blind fashion. Blood transfusions were based on calculated safe allowable blood loss and haemoglobin measurements (trigger 90 g/l, 5.59 mmol/l). The primary endpoint was the total blood loss measured till the end of the fourth post‐operative day. Secondary endpoints included red cell transfusion requirements and haemoglobin.

Results: Total blood loss during the study period was not significantly different between the groups (D 0.4 1829 ± 1068; D 0.2 2240 ± 843 and placebo 2254 ± 1040 ml; P= 0.50). The total amount of red cell transfusions was fewer in group D 0.4 (3.6 ± 1.6 U) when compared with D 0.2 (4.4 ± 1.7 U; P=0.009) and placebo (4.5 ± 2.0 U; P= 0.011) groups. Haemoglobin concentration was lower in the placebo group in the first (5.42 ± 1.16 vs. 5.98 ± 0.47 mmol/l; P=0.033) and the second (6.28 ± 0.66 vs. 6.69 ± 0.47 mmol/l; P=0.033) post‐operative mornings compared with group D 0.4.

Conclusion: Despite a lack of difference in the primary outcome, total blood loss, intraoperative administration of 0.4 μg/kg desmopressin resulted in fewer total red cell transfusion requirements in rheumatoid patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty when compared with 0.2 μg/kg treatment and placebo.
Ultrasonographic Morphometric Measurements of Digital Flexor Tendons and Ligaments of the Palmar Metacarpal Region in Haflinger Horses
Authors: Boehart S. , Arndt G. , Carstanjen B.
Published: June 2010

With 2 figures and 3 tables

The aim of the study was to determine morphometric values of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendon, the inferior check ligament and the suspensory ligament in the palmar metacarpal region of sound Haflinger horses using ultrasonography and to assess the influence of different factors on them. The findings were compared with the literature. A total of 30 sound Haflinger mares aged 4–20 years were used. Transverse ultrasound images were obtained with an 8–10 linear MHz transducer and the cross‐sectional area, the circumference and the dorsopalmar and lateromedial width were determined for each structure at six regions of interest (ROI) in both forelimbs. The coefficient of variation was <3%. The structures were compared between each other and the values of each structure at the ROIs. Age, height at the withers, body mass index, diameter of the Os metacarpale III and the circumference of the mid‐metacarpal region showed significant influences on some of the parameters. Reference values for the tendons and ligaments in the palmar metacarpal region in sound Haflinger mares were obtained and the influence of different factors was tested. Description of the dimensional relationship between the structures and comparison of the data with the literature provide knowledge required for adequate veterinary care.
Opacity and Lucency Sign of the Seventh Lumbar Vertebra in Dogs
Authors: Kneissl S. , Probst A. , Wagmann E. , Tichy A. G.
Published: June 2010

With 2 figures

A curvilinear opacity of the seventh vertebral arch and an adjacent focal lucency of the seventh lumbar vertebral body were incidentally noted in routine radiographs. The aim of this study was to analyze this radiographic absorption pattern using a sample of 51 dogs. Images of the bony surface of three macerated lumbosacral junctions were compared to their laterolateral radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans. Additional 48 lateral radiographic projections were reviewed for presence or absence of L7 opacity and lucency, length of the L6 and L7 vertebral bodies, vertebral disc disease, osteochondrosis, or spondylosis. Retrieved data were compiled and statistically analyzed. Radiographs and CT scans of the macerated bones revealed that the L7 pedicle had thickened layers of compact bone and the adjacent vertebral notch varying depth and extension. Superimposition of the pedicle on the vertebral body resulted in a curvilinear opacity (L7 opacity), the vertebral notch caused the focal lucency (L7 lucency). These findings were present in 69% of the reviewed radiographs and were found to be significantly associated with L6–L7 length ratios of less than 0.86 (P = 0.003). It is hypothesized that the changes correspond with normal anatomic morphology of the seventh lumbar vertebra plus adaptive bone remodelling. The importance of this study is that it could help avoid misinterpretation of this appearance as a pathologic condition.
A comparison between paper‐based and online learning in higher education
Authors: Emerson Lisa , MacKay Bruce
Published: June 2010

To date researchers have had difficulty establishing reliable conclusions in studies comparing traditional forms of learning (eg paper‐based or classroom based) vs online learning in relation to student learning outcomes; no consistent results have emerged, and many studies have not been controlled for factors other than lesson mode. This paper compares the effects of presenting two versions of lessons on punctuation that differed only in their mode of presentation. 59 students completed a pre‐lesson questionnaire, and after the lessons completed another questionnaire plus the NASA‐TLX which tests subjective cognitive workload stress. The results showed that students who sat the lessons on paper performed 24% better than those who sat the lessons online. Reasons for this difference in learning outcomes are considered, but no clear reason is apparent in the data from this study. The study sounds a note of caution in terms of the move by tertiary institutions to online and/or blended learning, and suggests further studies are required which assess learning outcomes in different mode of learning.
Sleep disorders in Wilson’s disease
Authors: Nevsimalova S. , Buskova J. , Bruha R. , Kemlink D. , Sonka K. , Vitek L. , Marecek Z.
Published: June 2010

Background:  Wilson’s disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease with copper accumulation; neurodegeneration is associated with dopaminergic deficit. The aim of the study is to verify sleep co‐morbidity by questionnaire and objective sleep examinations (polysomnography, multiple sleep latency test).

Methods:  Fifty‐five patients with WD (22 hepatic, 28 neurological, five asymptomatic form) and 55 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects completed a questionnaire concerning their sleep habits, sleep co‐morbidity, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and answered screening questions for rapid eye movement (REM) behaviour disorder (RBD‐SQ). Twenty‐four patients with WD and control subjects underwent polysomnographic examination.

Results:  Unlike the controls, patients with WD were more prone to daytime napping accompanied by tiredness and excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy‐like episodes and poor nocturnal sleep. Their mean ESS as well as RBD‐SQ was higher than that of the controls. Total sleep time was lower, accompanied by decreased sleep efficiency and increased wakefulness. Patients with WD had lower latency of stage 1 and stage 2 of non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and less amount of NREM sleep stage 2. One‐third of the patients with WD were found to have short or borderline multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) values independent of nocturnal pathology (sleep apnoea, periodic leg movements and/or restless leg syndrome).

Conclusions:  Patients with WD often suffer from sleep disturbances (regardless of the clinical form). The spectrum of sleep/wake symptoms raises the suspicion that altered REM sleep function may also be involved.
Changes in Unrecognised Deferred Tax Accruals from Carry‐Forward Losses: Earnings Management or Signalling?
Authors: Herbohn Kathleen , Tutticci Irene , Khor Pui See
Published: June 2010

Abstract:  This paper examines how managers elect to use their discretion over the amount of unrecognised tax assets from carry‐forward losses that is available under the income statement method specified in AASB1020 ‘Accounting for Income Taxes’. Specifically, we consider whether changes in the amount of unrecognised deferred tax assets from carry‐forward losses, reflect managers’ incentives to opportunistically manage earnings, or communicate private information about future profitability (i.e., signalling). Using data from firms listed on the Australian Stock Exchange during the period 1999 to 2005, we find evidence consistent with income‐increasing earnings management when pre‐tax earnings are below the median analyst forecast. Interestingly, we find that the potential existence of earnings management does not reduce the capacity of changes in unrecognised deferred tax assets from carry‐forward losses to predict one‐year‐ahead performance, and to a much lesser extent, three‐year ahead performance. This result highlights the complexity of managers’ incentives in trading‐off between managing earnings toward a desired target and communicating useful information to market participants.
Effect of 7 yr of experimental drought on vegetation dynamics and biomass storage of an eastern Amazonian rainforest
Authors: da Costa Antonio Carlos Lola , Galbraith David , Almeida Samuel , Portela Bruno Takeshi Tanaka , da Costa Mauricio , de Athaydes Silva Junior João , Braga Alan P. , de Gonçalves Paulo H. L. , de Oliveira Alex AR , Fisher Rosie , Phillips Oliver L. , Metcalfe Daniel B. , Levy Peter , Meir Patrick
Published: June 2010

Featured paper: See Editorial p553
Seizures and paroxysmal events: symptoms pointing to the diagnosis of pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy and pyridoxine phosphate oxidase deficiency
Authors: SCHMITT BERNHARD , BAUMGARTNER MATTHIAS , MILLS PHILIPPA B , CLAYTON PETER T , JAKOBS CORNELIS , KELLER ELMAR , WOHLRAB GABRIELE
Published: June 2010

Aim  We report on seizures, paroxysmal events, and electroencephalogram (EEG) findings in four female infants with pyridoxine‐dependent epilepsy (PDE) and in one female with pyridoxine phosphate oxidase deficiency (PNPO).

Method  Videos and EEGs were analysed and compared with videos of seizures and paroxysmal events archived from 140 neonates. PDE and PNPO were proven by complete control of seizures once pyridoxine or pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate was administered and by recurrence when withdrawn. Mutations in the antiquitin gene were found in three patients and in the PNPO gene in one child.

Results  Seizures began within 48 hours after birth in four newborns and at age 3 weeks in one. Frequent multifocal and generalized myoclonic jerks, often intermixed with tonic symptoms, abnormal eye movement, grimacing, or irritability, were observed in all infants with PDE and PNPO, but rarely in the other archived videos of neonates. EEGs were inconstant and frequently no discernable ictal changes were recorded during the seizures and the paroxysmal events. In addition, interictal EEGs were inconclusive, with normal and abnormal recordings. In older children tonic–clonic seizures, abnormal behaviour, inconsolable crying, frightened facial expression, sleep disturbance, loss of consciousness, paraesthesia, or intermittent visual symptoms were described during controlled and uncontrolled withdrawal or insufficient dosage.

Interpretation  PDE or PNPO should be considered in infants with prolonged episodes of mixed multifocal myoclonic tonic symptoms, notably when associated with grimacing and abnormal eye movements.
Using projective techniques to tap into consumers' feelings, perceptions and attitudes . . . getting an honest opinion
Authors: Doherty Susan , Nelson Roy
Published: June 2010

An investigation into customer loyalty to food retailers posed a methodological problem – namely how to delve beneath the surface and access consumers' unspoken feelings, perceptions, attitudes and values. This paper explains how four different projective techniques were used to access the thoughts and feelings of 160 interviewees in order to obtain a thorough understanding of the interviewees' satisfaction with their ‘main’ food retailer and to characterize the relationship between the customer and retailer. A brief description of the use, analysis and examples of cartoon friends, word association, personification and mini case studies was provided in order to describe their role in the data collection process.
Paradigm, methodology and method: intellectual integrity in consumer scholarship
Authors: McGregor Sue L.T. , Murnane Jennifer A
Published: June 2010

The intellectual integrity, trustworthiness and diversity of consumer scholarship depend on researchers accounting for the methodological (philosophical) underpinnings of their work. The discussion is predicated on the assumption that many scholars do not clearly differentiate between methodology and method. To address this issue, the paper distinguishes between these two concepts, identifies four axioms of methodologies, identifies and describes two overarching research paradigms (positivism and post‐positivism), contrasts quantitative/qualitative with positivistic/post‐positivistic, and positions consumer scholarship with three dominant research methodologies: scientific, interpretive and critical. Suggestions are offered about what various actors can do to better ensure responsible consumer scholarship through methodological accountability.
An incremental scenic assessment of the Glamorgan Heritage Coast, UK
Authors: PHILLIPS M R , EDWARDS A M , WILLIAMS A T
Published: June 2010

In Wales some 500 km (42%) of coastline has been designated as heritage coasts (HCs) and these areas are under increasing pressure from human activities. A ‘Coastal Scenic Evaluation System’, utilising a checklist of 26 physical and human use parameters, was applied at 500 m intervals along the 23 km Glamorgan Heritage Coast (GHC) to assess aesthetic changes within the HC boundaries. The technique utilised fuzzy logic analyses to quantify inherent uncertainties and subjectivities. Results at the 47 sites were differentiated into five classes by a decision evaluation parameter (D) – Class 1: (D≥ 0.85), none found; Class 2: (D≥ 0.65 and <0.85),n= 3; Class 3: (D≥ 0.4 and <0.65),n= 26; Class 4: (D≥ 0 and <0.4),n= 13; and Class 5 (D< 0),n= 5. An overall GHCDvalue was determined as 0.41 (Class 3) and therefore classified as mainly natural with little outstanding landscape features. As HC boundary status lies between the ‘good’ and ‘very good’, the median value of Steer's classic work, it suggests that all HC areas should have aDvalue >0.53. Results demonstrated distinct variations in scenic quality and analysis showed that siteDvalues varied from 0.84 (Class 2) to –0.2 (Class 5) along the coastline.Dvalues were lowest at the eastern boundary and the location of a power station and litter on the beach were significant contributors to the low scenic value. The first 17 sites within 8.5 km of the eastern boundary represented 100% of the Class 5 sites and 77% of Class 4 sites. The mean GHCDvalue for the remaining 30 sites was 0.57, which complies with HC classification according to this technique. Therefore, results cast doubt on the validity of current designated boundaries.
Differential effects of uridine adenosine tetraphosphateon purinoceptors in the rat isolated perfused kidney
Authors: Tölle Markus , Schuchardt Mirjam , Wiedon Annette , Huang Tao , Klöckel Lars , Jankowski Joachim , Jankowski Vera , Zidek Walter , Van Der Giet Markus
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPurinergic signalling plays an important role in vascular tone regulation in humans. We have identified uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) as a novel and highly potent endothelial‐derived contracting factor. Up4A induces strong vasoconstrictive effects in the renal vascular system mainly by P2X1receptor activation. However, other purinoceptors are also involved and were analysed here.

EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHThe rat isolated perfused kidney was used to characterize vasoactive actions of Up4A.

KEY RESULTSAfter desensitization of the P2X1receptor by α,β‐methylene ATP (α,β‐meATP), Up4A showed dose‐dependent P2Y2‐mediated vasoconstriction. Continuous perfusion with Up4A evoked a biphasic vasoconstrictor effect: there was a strong and rapidly desensitizing vasoconstriction, inhibited by P2X1receptor desensitization. In addition, there is a long‐lasting P2Y2‐mediated vasoconstriction. This vasoconstriction could be blocked by suramin, but not by PPADS or reactive blue 2. In preparations of the rat isolated perfused kidney model with an elevated vascular tone, bolus application of Up4A showed a dose‐dependent vasoconstriction that was followed by a dose‐dependent vasodilation. The vasoconstriction was in part sensitive to P2X1receptor desensitization by α,β‐meATP, and the remaining P2Y2‐mediated vasoconstriction was only inhibited by suramin. The Up4A‐induced vasodilation depended on activation of nitric oxide synthases, and was mediated by P2Y1and P2Y2receptor activation.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONSUp4A activated P2X1and P2Y2receptors to act as a vasoconstrictor, whereas endothelium‐dependent vasodilation was induced by P2Y1/2receptor activation. Up4A might be of relevance in the physiology and pathophysiology of vascular tone regulation.
Short Anagen Syndrome
Authors: Giacomini Federica , Starace Michela , Tosti Antonella
Published: June 2010

Abstract:  Short anagen syndrome (SAS) is a recently described disease, but is rarely reported in the literature probably because of its under‐recognized status. It is characterized by the inability to grow long hair because of an idiopathic short anagen phase. The condition is not associated with hair shaft fragility or hair unruliness. The patients complain of abnormally short scalp hair and report that they never had a haircut. The condition is benign and most of the reported cases had no associated systemic diseases or skin disorders. Hair length tends to improve spontaneously after puberty. The main differential diagnoses include loose anagen hair syndrome (LAS).
Object Recognition Under Distorted Prosthetic Vision
Authors: Guo Hong , Wang Youmin , Yang Yuan , Tong Shanbao , Zhu Yisheng , Qiu Yihong
Published: June 2010

Psychophysical studies have reported the efficacy of phosphene‐based prosthetic vision in partly recovering the visual function of blind individuals. However, results by far have been based on evenly aligned phosphene arrays, which neglected the complicated visuotopy in the visual prosthesis system. In this study, we investigated how the objects were recognized under the stimuli with distorted phosphene arrays simulated by transformations of barrel distortion, rotation, or translation. The results revealed that distortions significantly decreased the accuracy of categorization (CA) and showed distinct interactive effects with the factors of object category and phosphene array density. Moreover, the CA changed differently with the increase of distortion levels. Regression analysis suggested a phosphene array of at least 10 × 10 be the essential for achieving a CA over the threshold value (CAt = 62.5%) under distorted prosthetic vision. It is recommended that discriminative features be extracted to improve the performance of prosthetic vision.
Restoration of Pasture to Forest in Brazil's Mata Atlântica: The Roles of Herbivory, Seedling Defenses, and Plot Design in Reforestation
Authors: Massad Tara J. , Chambers Jeffrey Q. , Rolim Samir G. , Jesus Renato M. , Dyer Lee A.
Published: June 2010

In this study, seedling growth and herbivory were monitored during the first 4 years of plot development in a large‐scale reforestation experiment in Brazil's Atlantic Rainforest (Mata Atlântica). Seedlings were planted in a factorial design testing two levels of density, three levels of diversity, and the presence or absence of pioneer species at the Reserva Natural Vale in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. In addition, we studied the effect of herbivory on seedling growth and the potential for plant defenses to limit herbivory. Seedling growth was higher in the low‐density plantings, and seedlings attained the greatest height in the low‐diversity plots, which had a higher density of fast‐growing species. The inclusion of pioneer species resulted in a significant decrease in the growth of neighboring seedlings. Interactions between herbivory, plant defenses, and seedling growth were complex. In general, defenses such as saponins and leaf toughness reduced herbivory, but when herbivory was high, seedling growth was reduced. Across treatments, mean height without herbivore damage was 240.8 cm, and with 50% herbivory mean height was 101.5 cm. Overall, to limit insect damage and promote seedling success, plant defense characteristics and ecological interactions should be carefully considered in reforestation projects.
The Effect of Gender Diversity on Angel Group Investment
Authors: Becker–Blease John R. , Sohl Jeffrey E.
Published: June 2010

We examine the impact that gender diversity has on angel group investment behavior for a sample of 183 group–years between 2000 and 2006. Our evidence suggests that gender diversity is a significant predictor of group investment behavior, and that the proportion of women angels in the group has a negative though nonlinear effect on investment likelihood. These data are most consistent with a situational interpretation that women invest differently when they are in the small minority compared with other situations. These results have important implications for the availability of funds for women entrepreneurs and call for greater participation of women investors in the angel marketplace.
The Impact of Environment and Entrepreneurial Perceptions on Venture-Creation Efforts: Bridging the Discovery and Creation Views of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Edelman Linda , Yli–Renko Helena
Published: June 2010

Recent literature has highlighted two conflicting theories of entrepreneurship. In the “discovery” perspective, objective environmental conditions are considered to be the source of entrepreneurial opportunities and thus drivers of subsequent entrepreneurial action. The “creation” view, in contrast, is based on entrepreneurial perceptions and socio–cognitive enactment processes. While empirical studies have separately utilized each of these perspectives, few attempts have been made to integrate insights from both theories to empirically examine the interrelationships among environmental conditions, entrepreneurial perceptions, entrepreneurial action, and outcomes. In this article, we explicate the roles that both objective environmental conditions and entrepreneurial perceptions of opportunity and resource availability play in the process of firm creation. Utilizing longitudinal data on nascent entrepreneurs, we find that as hypothesized, entrepreneurs‘ opportunity perceptions mediate between objective characteristics of the environment and the entrepreneurs‘ efforts to start a new venture. Contrary to our expectations, we do not find a similar mediating effect for perceived resource availability. These findings have important implications for further theory development in entrepreneurship as well as for practice and education in the field.
Left Atrial Appendage Studied by Computed Tomography to Help Planning for Appendage Closure Device Placement
Authors: WANG YAN , DI BIASE LUIGI , HORTON RODNEY P. , NGUYEN TUAN , MORHANTY PRASANT , NATALE ANDREA
Published: June 2010

Left Atrial Appendage Studied by Computed Tomography. Objective: To quantitatively study various morphologic parameters of the left atrial appendage (LAA) by computed tomography (CT) to aid the preoperative planning and implantation of left atrial appendage closure devices.

Methods:
In 612 cases of patients with or without atrial fibrillation (AF), a cardiac CT study was performed.

Results:
The classification of general LAA morphology included ChickenWing type (18.3%), WindSock (46.7%), Cauliflower type (29.1%), and Cactus type (5.9%). Anatomical relationship of the LAA to the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) were classified as high type (superior to LSPV, 30.2%), mid type (parallel to LSPV, 58.1%), and low type (inferior to LSPV, 11.7%). LAA ostium could be classified into 5 types including oval (68.9%), foot‐like (10%), triangular (7.7%), water drop‐like (7.7%), and round (5.7%). Two‐dimensional (2D) orthogonal method was obviously not accurate for determining the LAA orifice because the measurement was often unparallel to the LAA orifice. Two‐dimensional oblique method was better than 3‐dimensional method in reproducibility to determine the size of LAA ostium. The diameter calculated from the perimeter of the LAA ostium was superior to the diameter from direct measurement of the LAA ostium for selecting the occluder.

Conclusion:
The morphology of the LAA and the LA ostium are extremely complex and heterogeneous. Sixty‐four‐channel cardiac CT could assist preoperative planning of LAA closure device placement. The diameter of the LAA ostium calculated from the perimeter is the best parameter for sizing the LAA occluder. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 973‐982, September 2010)
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome Presenting with Biventricular Cardiac Thrombi
Authors: Lodha Ankur , Haran Mehandi , Shetty Vijay , Sadiq Adnan , Hollander Gerald , Shani Jacob
Published: June 2010

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a rare condition characterized by idiopathic eosinophilia with organ system involvement. Cardiac involvement portends a less favorable prognosis as it can be complicated by development of heart failure, valvular dysfunction, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. We present a rare case of hypereosinophilic syndrome with FIP1L1/PDGFRA fusion in a 50‐year‐old male associated with thrombus in left and right ventricle. (Echocardiography 2010;27:E57‐E59)
The Responsibility of Left Atrial Size and Wall Contraction Velocity to Left Atrial Active Emptying in Relation to the Mitral Flow Velocity Pattern
Authors: Yoshida Naoyasu , Okamoto Mitsunori , Makita Yuko , Nanba Kiyomi
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the role and limitations of left atrial (LA) preload or contractility as determinants of active LA emptying in patients with heart failure. In 56 healthy individuals (controls) and 30 patients with heart failure, the LA volume before atrial contraction (LAVpreI), the LA volume reduction (LASVI) and LA wall contraction velocity (LAWV) during atrial contraction, and the transmitral peak flow velocities during early diastole (E) and atrial contraction (A) were determined using two‐dimensional pulsed Doppler or tissue Doppler echocardiography. LAVpreI and LASVI were positively correlated in patients whose A/E ratio was ≥1 (r = 0.58) and negatively correlated in those whose A/E ratio was <1 (r =−0.63). LAWV was significantly lower in those with heart failure than in the controls 2.2 (1.2) cm/sec, versus 3.3 (0.8) cm/sec; mean (standard deviation) and negatively correlated with left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure (r =−0.37). LAWV and LASVI were significantly correlated (r = 0.71). This correlation was stronger in the patients whose A/E ratio was <1 than in those whose A/E ratio was ≥1. Multivariate regression analysis showed that LAWV was the only factor affecting LASVI. In patients with heart failure and an A/E ratio of <1, the contribution of LA dilatation to active LA emptying may be limited, and LAWV may be the most important determinant of active LA emptying, even if this velocity is decreased because of elevated left ventricular diastolic pressure. (Echocardiography 2010;27:847‐853)
Immediate and Follow‐Up Results of Repeat Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Commissurotomy for Restenosis After a Succesful First Procedure
Authors: Yazıcıoğlu Nuran , Arat Özkan Alev , Orta Kılıçkesmez Kadriye , Çeliker Cengiz , Mert Murat , Pehlivanoglu Seçkin , Enar Rasim , Karatay Canan , Küçükoğlu Serdar
Published: June 2010

Background: The widespread use of percutaneous mitral commissurotomy (PMC) has led to an increase in restenosis cases. The data regarding follow‐up results of repeat PMC are quite limited. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to evaluate the immediate and midterm results of the second PMC, in patients with symptomatic mitral restenosis after a succesful first procedure. Methods: Twenty patients (95% female, mean age 37 ± 4 years) who have undergone a second PMC, 6.3 ± 2.5 years after a first successful intervention built the study group. All were in sinus rhythm, with a mean Wilkins score of 8.5 ± 1.2. Results: The valve area increased from 1.2 ± 0.2 to 1.9 ± 0.2 cm2 and mean gradient decreased from 10.5 ± 3.4 to 6.1 ± 1.1 mmHg. There were no complications except for a transient embolic event without sequela (5%) and two cases (10%) of severe mitral regurgitation. The immediate success rate was 90%. The mean follow‐up was 70 ± 29 months (36–156 months). The 5‐year restenosis and intervention (repeat PMC or valve replacement) rates were 9.1 ± 5.2% and 3.6 ± 3.3%, respectively. The intervention free 5‐year survival in good functional capacity (New York Heart Association [NYHA] I–II) was 95.1 ± 5.5% and restenosis and intervention free 5‐year survival with good functional capacity was 89.7 ± 6.8%. Conclusions: Although from a limited number of selected patients, these findings indicate that repeat PMC is a safe and effective method, with follow‐up results similar to a first intervention and should be considered as the first therapeutic option in suitable patients. (Echocardiography 2010;27:765‐769)
Transthoracic Tissue Doppler Assessment of Left Atrial Appendage Contraction and Relaxation: Their Changes with Aging
Authors: Yoshida Naoyasu , Okamoto Mitsunori , Nanba Kiyomi , Yoshizumi Masao
Published: June 2010

Aim: We assessed left atrial appendage (LAA) function using transthoracic tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE), and examined the influence of aging on LAA contraction and relaxation. Methods: The subjects were 45 consecutive patients with heart disease and 110 healthy individuals. LAA wall motion velocity (LAAWV) at the tip of the LAA was measured using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and/or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Results: We successfully recorded and measured LAAWV using TTE in 105 (95%) of the 110 healthy subjects. When angle correction was applied for the Doppler beam in TTE, LAAWV during contraction (LAAWVc) measured by TTE closely correlated with that measured by TEE (r = 0.97), and LAAWV during relaxation (LAAWVr) measured by TTE closely correlated with that measured by TEE (r = 0.95). LAAWVc and LAAWVr measured by TTE correlated significantly with the LAA flow velocities during LAA contraction and LAA relaxation measured by TEE (r = 0.64, P < 0.001; r = 0.53, P = 0.001). In healthy subjects, although LAAWVc remained unchanged with aging, LAAWVr significantly declined with aging (r =−0.48, P < 0.001) and had a significant negative correlation with left atrial dimension and a significant positive correlation with transmitral flow and annulus velocity during early diastole. Conclusion: Transthoracic TDE can provide information on LAA function. LAA relaxation may be impaired with aging and may be accompanied by early diastolic left ventricular dysfunction and chronic overload to the left atrium. (Echocardiography 2010;27:839‐846)
New, Simple Echocardiographic Indexes for the Estimation of Filling Pressure in Patients with Cardiac Disease and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Dokainish Hisham , Nguyen John , Sengupta Ranjita , Pillai Manu , Alam Mahboob , Bobek Jaromir , Lakkis Nasser
Published: June 2010

Background: There are few data on echocardiographic indexes incorporating peak mitral inflow velocity (E), left atrial volume index (LAVi), and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) for estimation of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure in patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (EF ≥ 50%). Methods: Patients underwent echocardiography ≤20 minutes of cardiac catheterization. Echocardiographic variables were compared to invasively measured LV end‐diastolic pressure (LVEDP). Results: Of the 122 patients, 67 (55%) were women, the mean age was 55 ± 9 years, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 61 ± 6%, 107 (88%) were hypertensive, and 79 (65%) had significant coronary artery disease at catheterization. E/Ea correlated with LVEDP (R = 0.68, P < 0.0001), compared to PAP (R = 0.53, P < 0.001), peak E velocity (R = 0.48, P < 0.001), and LAVi (R = 0.48, P < 0.001). E/Ea > 12 had 75% sensitivity and 78% specificity for LVEDP ≥ 20 mmHg (area under curve (AUC) = 0.79, P < 0.0001), compared with (PAP + LAVi)/2 > 30 (sensitivity = 72%, specificity = 80%, AUC = 0.84, P < 0.001) and (E + LAVi)/2 > 57 (sensitivity = 73% and specificity = 81%, AUC = 0.82, P < 0.001) (P = NS). E <60 cm/sec had 94% negative, and E>90 cm/sec had 96% positive, predictive value for LVEDP ≥ 20 mmHg. (E + LAVi)/2 added incrementally to E/Ea when E/Ea was in the gray zone. Conclusions: New, simple echocardiographic equations, (E + LAVi)/2 and (PAP + LAVi)/2, have comparable accuracy to E/Ea for LVEDP estimation in patients with cardiac disease and preserved LVEF, and (E + LAVi)/2 added incrementally to E/Ea alone when E/Ea was in the gray zone. Peak E velocity alone had high negative and positive predictive value for elevated LVEDP in this population. These simple echocardiographic variables could be used—in isolation or with E/Ea—in patients with cardiac disease and preserved LVEF for the diagnosis of diastolic heart failure. Echocardiography 2010;27:946‐953)
Synthesis of Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia Nanopowders by a Thermal Plasma Process
Authors: Ryu Taegong , Choi Young Joon , Hwang Suhyun , Sohn Hong Yong , Kim Insoo
Published: June 2010

A thermal plasma process was used to synthesize nanosized zirconia and yttria‐stabilized zirconia powders. This paper presents a new method on the synthesis of nanosized zirconia and yttria‐stabilized zirconia powders from the carbonates (zirconium carbonate and/or yttrium carbonate). The products from this process using zirconium carbonate were mixtures of monoclinic and tetragonal phases of zirconia. The amount of the tetragonal phase in the mixture increased as the plasma torch power or plasma gas flow rate increased. This is attributed to the formation of metastable tetragonal phase by rapid quenching. With the addition of yttria precursor, two combinations of zirconia phases were formed depending on the yttria contents. Pure tetragonal phase was obtained at 3.8 mol% yttria, while a mixture of tetragonal and cubic phases was produced at 7.7 mol% yttria. The yttria‐doped tetragonal phase was stable at high temperatures without the tetragonal–monoclinic phase transition. The grain size of each phase, the particle size, and the BET are also discussed in this paper.
The Effects of Source Credibility in the Presence or Absence of Prior Attitudes: Implications for the Design of Persuasive Communication Campaigns
Authors: Kumkale G. Tarcan , Albarracín Dolores , Seignourel Paul J.
Published: June 2010

Most theories of persuasion predict that limited ability and motivation to think about communications should increase the impact of source credibility on persuasion. Furthermore, this effect is assumed to occur, regardless of whether or not the recipients have prior attitudes. In this study, the effects of source credibility, ability, and motivation (knowledge, message repetition, relevance) on persuasion were examined meta‐analytically across both attitude formation and change conditions. Findings revealed that the Source Credibility × Ability/Motivation interaction emerged only when participants lacked prior attitudes and were unable to form a new attitude based on the message content. In such settings, the effects of source credibility decayed rapidly. The implications of these findings for applied communication campaigns are discussed.
Getting to the Root of dental implant tissue engineering
Authors: Giannobile William V.
Published: June 2010

Giannobile WV. Getting to the Root of dental implant tissue engineering. J Clin Peridontol 2010; 37: 747‐749 doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2010.01589.x.
Bacterial growth kinetic without the influence of the immune system using vacuum‐assisted closure dressing with and without negative pressure in an in vitro wound model
Authors: Assadian Ojan , Assadian Afshin , Stadler Maria , Diab‐Elschahawi Magda , Kramer Axel
Published: June 2010

The physical capacity of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) dressing on the bacterial growth in an in vitro wound model was investigated. Standardised wounds were contaminated with a clinicalStaphylococcus aureusstrain and incubated at 35°C for 6 hours. Four wounds were treated with continuous negative pressure (125 mmHg) and four controls without. Bacterial load per gram tissue and per gram polyurethane sponge were measured after 24, 36 and 72 hours. Without negative pressure, the initial meanS. aureusload per gram tissue was 1·42 × 104, with negative pressure 1·84 × 104,P= 0·294. After 24, 36 and 72 hours, both models yielded comparable numbers of organisms (24 hours:P= 0·081; 48 hours:P= 0·455; 72 hours:P= 0·825, respectively). Bacterial load of sponges with or without negative pressure also did not differ. Over a period of 72 hours, sponges with negative pressure yielded 1·60 × 108, those without negative pressure yielded 1·74 × 108CFU/g sponge (P= 0·876). In non vital tissue without the influence of the immune system, the bacterial load did not decrease in our in vitro model using an NPWT dressing. This observation was independent of the physical effect of continuous negative pressure at 125 mmHg. The reduction in bacteria demonstrated in previous studies appears to be caused by other effects than physical suction alone. However, the results obtained are limited as non viable tissue was used and the effect of suction on dead tissue might be very different from that occurring on perfused tissue, for example, in an animal model or in patients.
How Often Do Subscores Have Added Value? Results from Operational and Simulated Data
Authors: Sinharay Sandip
Published: June 2010

Recently, there has been an increasing level of interest in subscores for their potential diagnostic value. Haberman suggested a method based on classical test theory to determine whether subscores have added value over total scores. In this article I first provide a rich collection of results regarding when subscores were found to have added value for several operational data sets. Following that I provide results from a detailed simulation study that examines what properties subscores should possess in order to have added value. The results indicate that subscores have to satisfy strict standards of reliability and correlation to have added value. A weighted average of the subscore and the total score was found to have added value more often.
Random‐Groups Equating with Samples of 50 to 400 Test Takers
Authors: Livingston Samuel A. , Kim Sooyeon
Published: June 2010

Five methods for equating in a random groups design were investigated in a series of resampling studies with samples of 400, 200, 100, and 50 test takers. Six operational test forms, each taken by 9,000 or more test takers, were used as item pools to construct pairs of forms to be equated. The criterion equating was the direct equipercentile equating in the group of all test takers. Equating accuracy was indicated by the root‐mean‐squared deviation, over 1,000 replications, of the sample equatings from the criterion equating. The methods investigated were equipercentile equating of smoothed distributions, linear equating, mean equating, symmetric circle‐arc equating, and simplified circle‐arc equating. The circle‐arc methods produced the most accurate results for all sample sizes investigated, particularly in the upper half of the score distribution. The difference in equating accuracy between the two circle‐arc methods was negligible.
Numerical Modeling of Thermal Conductive Heating in Fractured Bedrock
Authors: Baston Daniel P. , Falta Ronald W. , Kueper Bernard H.
Published: June 2010

Numerical modeling was employed to study the performance of thermal conductive heating (TCH) in fractured shale under a variety of hydrogeological conditions. Model results show that groundwater flow in fractures does not significantly affect the minimum treatment zone temperature, except near the beginning of heating or when groundwater influx is high. However, fracture and rock matrix properties can significantly influence the time necessary to remove all liquid water (i.e., reach superheated steam conditions) in the treatment area. Low matrix permeability, high matrix porosity, and wide fracture spacing can contribute to boiling point elevation in the rock matrix. Consequently, knowledge of these properties is important for the estimation of treatment times. Because of the variability in boiling point throughout a fractured rock treatment zone and the absence of a well‐defined constant temperature boiling plateau in the rock matrix, it may be difficult to monitor the progress of thermal treatment using temperature measurements alone.
Relationship of brain parenchyma within the caudal cranial fossa and ventricle size to syringomyelia in cavalier King Charles spaniels
Authors: Driver C. J. , Rusbridge C. , Cross H. R. , McGonnell I. , Volk H. A.
Published: June 2010

Objectives: To assess if the volumes of the caudal cranial fossa (CCF), parenchyma within the caudal cranial fossa (CCFP) or ventricles (V) are associated with syringomyelia (SM) in cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS) with Chiari‐like malformation (CM). To evaluate if volumes are associated with transverse syrinx width.

Methods: Magnetic resonance images of 59 CKCS with CM were retrospectively reviewed and grouped with or without SM. Three‐dimensional images were created and volumes of the fossae, brain parenchyma and ventricular system were calculated from which percentages of CCF, CCFP and V were created. If present, syrinx size was measured from its maximal transverse width. The percentages were statistically compared between groups, and correlation between percentages and syrinx dimensions was made.

Results: CKCS with SM had significantly higher CCFP (P=0·0001) and V (P=0·0002) to those without but no significant difference in CCF (P=0·925). There was a positive correlation between CCFP and syrinx width (Pearson r=0·437) and ventricle size to syrinx width (Spearman r=0·627).

Clinical Significance: A more marked overcrowding of the CCF is associated with SM, which may explain the high incidence of SM in CKCS with CM. The association between ventricle and syrinx dimensions supports the theory that SM development is the result of altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.
HapStar: automated haplotype network layout and visualization
Authors: TEACHER A. G. F. , GRIFFITHS D. J.
Published: June 2010

Haplotype networks are commonly used for representing associations between sequences, yet there is currently no straightforward way to create optimal layouts. Automated optimal layouts are particularly useful not only because of the time‐saving element but also because they avoid both human error and human‐induced biases in the presentation of figures. HapStar directly uses the network connection output data generated from Arlequin (or a simple user‐generated input file) and uses a force‐directed algorithm to automatically lay out the network for easy visualization. In addition, this program is able to use the alternative connections generated by Arlequin to create a minimum spanning tree. HapStar provides a straightforward user‐friendly interface, and publication‐ready figures can be exported simply. HapStar is freely available (under a GPLv3 licence) for download for MacOSX, UNIX and Windows, at http://fo.am/hapstar.
The usability of peritoneal lactate concentration as a prognostic marker in horses with severe colic admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital
Authors: Van Den Boom R. , Butler C. M. , Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan M. M.
Published: June 2010

Colic can be a life‐threatening condition in horses and there is a need for parameters that can help determine the prognosis and need for surgery. The aim of the study was to investigate whether peritoneal fluid (PF) lactate concentration is useful for this purpose in horses with severe colic presented to a veterinary hospital. During a 16 month period, the peritoneal fluid (PF) lactate concentration was measured in 74 of 760 colic horses admitted to the Utrecht University equine clinic using a portable analyser. When comparing survivors and nonsurvivors, heart rate, PF and blood lactate concentrations and blood glucose concentration were significantly higher in horses that did not survive. No horse with a PF lactate concentration >9.4 mmol/l survived. The presence of a strangulating lesion was also significantly associated with nonsurvival, as was PF colour: no horse with red PF survived in the present series. In horses with yellow PF, the blood glucose concentration was correlated with the presence of a strangulating intestinal lesion. Peritoneal lactate concentrations can be easily and rapidly measured using a portable analyser and may be useful in assessing the prognosis and/or need for surgery in equine colic cases.