bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autoregressive count data modeling on mobility patterns to predict cases of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Zhao Jing , Han Mengjie , Wang Zhenwu , Wan Benting
Published: March 2022

At the beginning of 2022 the global daily count of new cases of COVID-19 exceeded 3.2 million, a tripling of the historical peak value reported between the initial outbreak of the pandemic and the end of 2021. Aerosol transmission through interpersonal contact is the main cause of the disease’s spread, although control measures have been put in place to reduce contact opportunities. Mobility pattern is a basic mechanism for understanding how people gather at a location and how long they stay there. Due to the inherent dependencies in disease transmission, models for associating mobility data with confirmed cases need to be individually designed for different regions and time periods. In this paper, we propose an autoregressive count data model under the framework of a generalized linear model to illustrate a process of model specification and selection. By evaluating a 14-day-ahead prediction from Sweden, the results showed that for a dense population region, mobility data with a lag of 8 days is most reliable way of predicting the number of confirmed cases in relative numbers at a high coverage rate. It is sufficient for both of the autoregressive terms, studied variable and conditional expectation, to take one day back. For sparsely populated regions, a lag of 10 days produced the lowest error in absolute value for the predictions, where weekly periodicity on the studied variable is recommended for use. Interventions were further included to identify the most relevant mobility categories. Statistical features were also presented to verify the model assumptions.
Improved retrospectively gated in-vivo microCT for simultaneous assessment of lung function and anatomy in mice
Authors: Dullin Christian , Svetlove Angelika , Zschüntzsch Jana , Alves Frauke
Published: March 2022

Retrospective gating (RG) is a well established technique in preclinical computed tomography (CT) to assess 3D morphology of the lung. In RG additional angular projections are recorded typically by performing multiple rotations. Consequently, the projections are sorted according to the expansion state of the chest and those sets are then reconstructed separately. Thus, the breathing motion artefacts are suppressed at a cost of strongly elevated x-ray dose levels. Here we propose to use the entire raw data to assess lung function in addition to retrospectively gated 3D reconstruction that visualize anatomical structures of the lung. Using this novel RG based x-ray lung function approach (RG based XLF) on the example of the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscle dystrophy (mdx) we accurately obtained both the 3D anatomical morphology of the lung and the thoracic bones as well as the functional temporal parameters of the lung. Thus, RG-based XLF will remove the necessity for separate acquisition procedures by being able to reproduce comparable lung function results in a single low dose CT scan.
Accuracy benchmark of the GeneMind GenoLab M sequencing platform for WGS and WES analysis
Authors: Li Chaoyang , Fan Xue , Guo Xin , Liu Yongfeng , Wang Miao , Zhao Xiaochao , Wu Ping , Yan Qin , Sun Lei
Published: March 2022

Background: GenoLab M is a recently developed next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform from GeneMind Biosciences. To establish the performance of GenoLab M, we present the first report to benchmark and compare the WGS and WES sequencing data of the GenoLab M sequencer to NovaSeq 6000 and NextSeq 550 platform in various types of analysis. 30-fold sequencing from Illumina NovaSeq platform and processed by GATK pipeline is currently considered as the golden standard of WGS. Thus this dataset is generated as a benchmark reference in this study.Results: GenoLab M showed an average of 94.62% of Q20 percentage for base quality, while the NovaSeq was slightly higher at 96.97%. However, GenoLab M outperformed NovaSeq or NextSeq at a duplication rate, suggesting more usable data after deduplication. For WGS short variant calling, GenoLab M showed significant accuracy improvement over the same depth dataset from NovaSeq, and reached similar accuracy to NovaSeq 33X dataset with 22x depth. For 100X WES, the F-score and Precision in GenoLab M were higher than NovaSeq or NextSeq, especially for InDel calling.Conclusions: GenoLab M is a promising NGS platform for high-performance WGS and WES applications. For WGS, 22X depth in the GenoLab M sequencing platform offers a cost-effective alternative to the current mainstream 33X depth on Illumina.
Quarantine preparedness – the missing factor in COVID-19 behaviour change? Qualitative insights from Australia
Authors: Davis Angela , Munari Stephanie , Doyle Joseph , Sutton Brett , Cheng Allen , Hellard Margaret , Gibbs Lisa
Published: March 2022

BackgroundA key feature of the global public health response to contain and slow the spread of COVID-19 has been community-based quarantine and self-isolation. As part of The Optimise Study, this research sought to understand the factors that influence people’s ability to undertake home-based quarantine and isolation to contain the spread of COVID-19. MethodsSemi-structured qualitative phone interviews (n=25) were conducted by telephone with people who participated in community-based quarantine in Australia before 31 March 2020. The Capability Opportunity Motivation Behaviour model was used to conduct a thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants required clear, accessible and trusted information to guide them in home-based quarantine and isolation. A sense of social responsibility and belief in the efficacy of the restrictions to reduce viral transmission aided their motivation. Access to essential needs, supportive living environments, and emotional support were required to adhere to restrictions, but few were prepared. ConclusionsFindings demonstrate that in addition to having the capability and motivation to adhere to restrictions, it is vital that people are also encouraged to prepare for the challenge to ensure access to physical, social and emotional support. Findings also illustrate the importance of engaging communities in planning and preparedness for quarantine and self-isolation public health responses.
Identification Of A Novel Homozygous Intron 3 Splice Site (A>T) Mutation In The ARG1 Gene In Cerebral Palsy Pediatric Cases From Odisha, India
Authors: Behera Chinmay Kumar , Rup Amit Ranjan , Samal Sagnika , Das Biswadeep
Published: March 2022

Background: Arginases are essential for the completion of the last step of the urea cycle. In hyperarginemia, an autosomal recessive disorder of the urea cycle, a regression of development occurs after the first year of life, followed by gradually progressive atonic cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegia, and mental decline. ARG1 mutations have been reported in hyperarginemia in the Western population because they obliterated or partially damaged arginase activity. Hence, it is important to assess the ARG1 mutations in such cases of cerebral palsy with hyperarginemia in different populations. Methods and Results: Two pediatric patients of two East Indian families presented with a range of manifestations including hypotonia of all limbs, mental retardation, and multiple episodes of seizure. The onset of the disease ranged from 1 to 3 years of age. Hyperammonemia (> 250 micromoles) and serum hyperarginemia (> 350 micromoles) were observed in both patients. Whole-genome sequencing, followed by Sanger sequencing analysis of both patients confirmed the presence of a homozygous 3' splice site variation in intron 3 of the ARG1 gene (chr6: g.131902357A>T) that affects the invariant AG acceptor splice site of exon 4 (c.330-2A>T; ENST00000356962.2). Conclusion: The study reports the presence of a novel ARG1 mutation in two different pediatric cases from Odisha, India associated with hyperarginemia. The pathogenicity of the mutation was robustly supported by the clinical phenotype, complete co-segregation with the disease, and biochemical observations.
Comprehensive Optimization Model for Open Channel Design
Authors: Salem Aly Khaled Aly , Imam Yehya Emad , Ghanem Ashraf Hassan , Bazaraa Abdallah Sadik
Published: March 2022

Open channels are one of the most used water conveyance systems to deliver water for diﬀerent purposes. Existing models for the design of open channels mainly assume uniform ﬂow, focus on cross-section sizing, and generally decouple cross-section sizing from the selection of channel alignment and proﬁle. This study developed an optimization model for a comprehensive design of conveyance channels. The model minimizes the sum of costs for earthwork, lining, water losses, and land acquisition; accounts for non-uniform, mixed-regime ﬂow; and considers multiple geometric and hydraulic constraints. The model was validated using several idealized scenarios. The model potential in minimizing the cost of real open channel projects was demonstrated through application to an existing irrigation water transmission canal in Egypt (the Sheikh Zayed Canal). The results of validation scenarios matched the anticipated outcomes for channel proﬁle and alignment and reproduced analytical solutions given in the literature for channel cross-section design. Application of the model to the Sheikh Zayed Canal gave a more optimal design; the OCCD model produced a design alternative with ~27% less cost than the constructed alternative.
The Prevalence and Natural History of Hepatic Cysts Examined by Ultrasound: A Health Checkup Population Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Tsuruya Kota , Nishizaki Yasuhiro , Tatemichi Masayuki , Mishima Yusuke , Shimma Yoshimasa , Arase Yoshitaka , Hirose Shunji , Shiraishi Koichi , Kagawa Tatehiro
Published: March 2022

The prevalence of hepatic cysts in the general population and their natural history are largely unknown. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and natural history of hepatic cysts by investigating health checkup participants. Ultrasonographic data of health checkup participants (n = 38,842) were retrospectively evaluated to calculate its prevalence. In addition, we assessed the changes in the size and characteristics of hepatic cysts over 10 years (n = 7,709). We found the prevalence of hepatic cysts was 21.9%. Older age, female sex, and presence of kidney cysts or pancreatic cysts were associated with the occurrence of hepatic cysts. Younger age, female sex, and the existence of multiple hepatic cysts were associated with cyst enlargement. Among 126 individuals who had hepatic cysts with a diameter of 30 mm or larger at the first visit, two (1.6%) required treatment. Remain 124 cases showed four patterns: 44 cases with enlargement, 47 stable, 11 regression after enlargement, and 22 regression. Hyperechoic fluid inside the cysts was observed in 54.5% (18 of 33), which was significantly higher than 6.6% (6 of 91) of the non-regression (OR = 17.0). The appearance of intracystic hyperechoic fluid by ultrasound may predict subsequent regression of the hepatic cyst.
High Prevalence of Clinical Jaundice Associated with Poor Adherence Among Adults on Boosted Atazanavir Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen at the Infectious Disease Institute HIV/AIDS Clinic in Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Nabakooza Angella Kigongo , Nakamanya Sharon Kitibwakye , Laker Eva , Katana Elizabeth , Owarwo Noela , Lwanga Isaac , Castelnuovo Barbara , Lamorde Mohammed , Kitutu Freddy Eric
Published: March 2022

BackgroundBoosted atazanavir (ATV/r)-based Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) regimen is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as second line treatment for HIV/AIDS. ATV/r is known to cause clinical jaundice, which may lead to non-adherence to treatment and the attendant treatment failure and drug resistance. We sought to determine the prevalence of clinical jaundice and explore its effect on adherence to the ART regimen. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study among 236 adult patients taking ATV/r-based ART regimens attending the Infectious Disease Institute (IDI) HIV/AIDS clinic in Kampala, Uganda from April to May 2019. We assessed the study participants by self-report for existing or previous experience of clinical jaundice after their start on ATV/r-based ART regimen. Adherence to the ATV/r-based ART was determined using the 8-item Morisky scale; score <3 and >3 was interpreted as good and poor adherence to ART, respectively. Logistic regression was used to explore the effect of clinical jaundice and other sociodemographic factors on adherence to ART regimen.ResultsOf the 236 participants, majority were female (66.5%) with a mean age of 39.9 (SD 10.8) years and had been on ART for 10 to 13 years (42.8%). Most (69%) were on TDF/3TC backbone and 24% on AZT/3TC backbone. The period and point prevalence of clinical jaundice was 31.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.1% – 38.1%) and 21.1% (95% CI: 14.9% – 37.5%) respectively. Up to 8.5% (95% CI: 5.5 – 12.8) had poor adherence (> 3). At multivariable analysis, clinical jaundice was the only predictor of poor adherence (adjusted odds ratio= 2.9, 95% CI: 1.15 – 7.34, p=0.024). Sex, alcohol use, and stigma and discrimination did not achieve statistical significance.Conclusion Our study indicates a high prevalence of clinical jaundice among patients on ATV/r ART regimen and there is association between experiencing clinical jaundice and poor adherence. For patients whose ART adherence is affected by the presence of clinical jaundice; they should be switched to another second-line ART alternative.
Structural Basis For The Simultaneous Recognition Of NEMO And Acceptor Ubiquitin By The HOIP NZF1 Domain
Authors: Rahighi Simin , Iyer Mamta , Oveisi Hamid , Nasser Sammy , Duong Vincent
Published: March 2022

Ubiquitination of NEMO by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is essential for activating the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway. While the NZF1 domain of the HOIP subunit of LUBAC recognizes the NEMO substrate, it is unclear how it cooperates with the catalytic domains in the ubiquitination process. Here, we report a crystal structure of NEMO in complex with HOIP NZF1 and linear diubiquitin chains, in which the two proteins bind to distinct sites on NEMO. Moreover, the NZF1 domain simultaneously interacts with NEMO and Ile44 surface of a proximal ubiquitin from a linear diubiquitin chain, where the C-term tail of the ubiquitin is in the proximity of the NEMO ubiquitination site (Lys285). We further propose a model for the linear ubiquitination of NEMO by HOIP. In the model, NZF1 binds the monoubiquitinated NEMO and recruits the catalytic domains to the ubiquitination site, thereby ensuring site-specific ubiquitination of NEMO.
Optimal 1,5-anhydroglucitol cut-off points for diagnosing diabetes based on prevalence of retinopathy in Chinese population
Authors: CHEN Cheng , QIU Shanhu , DU Ziwei , GUO Haijian , WANG Bei , SUN Zilin , Wang Yao
Published: March 2022

Background: A new glycemic index, 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), can reflect glucose fluctuation over 3–7 days. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of 1,5-AG in diagnosing diabetes based on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the Chinese population.Method: The study enrolled 3579 adults aged 20–70 years. Values for 1,5-AG, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), and glycated haemoglobin(HbA1c) were measured. Retinal photographs were taken, and diabetic retinopathy was assessed and graded according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Retinopathy with an ETDRS level≥21 was defined as diabetic retinopathy, with level≥31 as “diabetic-specific retinopathy.” A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off point.Results: Serum 1,5-AG was negatively correlated with FPG, 2hPG, and HbA1c. The 1,5-AG level was significantly lower in the diabetic retinopathy group. The optimal cut-off point of 1,5-AG was 13.05μg/m. At this point, the sensitivity and specificity were 74.1% and 91.2%, respectively, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.846. The optimal cut-off point remained unchanged after excluding participants on hypoglycemic medication. Combining 1,5-AG with FPG or HbA1c could raise the specificity in diagnosis.Conclusion: Our data found that 1,5-AG at 13.05μg/mL had a good specificity for diagnosing diabetes in the Chinese population. In combination with FPG or HbA1c, 1,5-AG was a good tool for detecting diabetes without symptoms.
Assessing the SAfety and FEasibility of Bedside Portable Low-Field Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients on ECMO (SAFE-MRI ECMO study) – Study Protocol and First Case Series Experience
Authors: Cho Sung-Min , Wilcox Christopher , Keller Steven , Acton Matthew , Rando Hannah , Etchill Eric , Bush Errol L. , Sair Haris I. , Pitts John , Kim Bo Soo , Whitman Glenn , Giuliano Kate
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND
To assess the safety and feasibility of imaging of the brain with a point-of-care (POC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Early detection of acute brain injury (ABI) is critical in improving survival for patients with ECMO support.
METHODS
Patients from a single tertiary academic ECMO center who underwent head CT (HCT), followed by POC brain MRI exams within 24 hours following HCT while on ECMO. Primary outcomes were safety and feasibility, defined as completion of MRI exam without serious adverse events (SAEs). Secondary outcome was the quality of MR images in assessing ABIs.
RESULTS
We report 3 consecutive adult patients (median age: 47 years; 67% male) with veno-arterial (n = 1) and veno-venous ECMO (n = 2) (VA- and VV-ECMO) support. All patients were imaged successfully without SAEs. Times to complete POC brain MRI exams were 34, 40, and 43 minutes. Two patients had ECMO suction events, resolved with fluid and repositioning. Two patients were found to have an unsuspected acute stroke, well visualized with MRI.
CONCLUSIONS
Adult patients with VA- or VV-ECMO support can be safely imaged with low-field POC brain MRI in the intensive care unit, allowing for the assessment of presence and timing of ABI.
Sacroiliac Pain And Tenesmus As A Rare Manifestation Of COVID-19: A Case Series
Authors: Khodabandeh Mahmoud , Memar Elmira Haji Esmaeil , Hasanzadeh Alireza , Nematian Hossein , Sadeghirad Parisa
Published: March 2022

Background: The clinical manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection are mainly respiratory but the virus can cause a variety of symptoms. There is a big challenge in detecting COVID-19 from uncommon manifestations. This study is going to present patients with COVID-19 reinfection who had symptoms of disabling sacroiliac pain and also some other patients with new COVID-19 infection that came with tenesmus.Case presentation: In this case report, we describe a COVID-19 patient who presented with sacroiliac pain or tenesmus. Eight patients with COVID-19 reinfection came with symptoms of disabling sacroiliac pain in their second course of the disease. This symptom limited their movement. These patients did not have any fever or respiratory distress. Also, six COVID-19 patients came with tenesmus which they described as a severe and unrelenting desire to defecate. Conclusions: These cases highlight the difficulty in detecting COVID-19 from a rare but important manifestation.
Unilateral and Bilateral Aplasia of the Anterior Cerebral Artery in the Presence of Their Vascular Sources
Authors: Trandafilović Milena , Vasović Ljiljana , Vlajković Slobodan , Stojanović Borisav , Mladenović‒Todorović Marija , Drevenšek Martina
Published: March 2022

Purpose
In continuation of our previous studies of vascular components of the cerebral arterial circle, our goal was to investigate the cases of aplasia of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA).
Methods
The macro- and microdissection of the target human brain arteries was applied under the magnifying glass. Each case was photographed and diagramatically represented in the workbook. The length and the outer diameter of the corresponding arteries on the photos were measured using a computer software program.
Results
There were 2/388 cases of ACA aplasia―unilaterally in one case (0.25%), and bilaterally in the other (0.25%). These two cases belonged to a male and a female adult, autopsied due to the homicide and myocardial infarction, aged 68 and 80, respectively. Except for the variations of the posterior communicating artery on one or both sides, and several arteries of the vertebrobasilar system, the instance of cerebral pathology was not recorded in either of these cases. We compared the recent cases with similar literature cases obtained from a number of retrospective studies and single reports.
Conclusion
Summarizing available literature cases of unilateral ACA aplasia, and taking into account that the presented cases of unilateral and bilateral ACA aplasia were not accompanied with cerebral pathology, we can nevertheless to underline the appearance of an aneurysm of the opposite ACA in more than a quarter of the studied cases, more typically on the right side and in male gender. The recent case of bilateral ACA aplasia which has been the second case discovered so far, represents a true rarity.
Significant Muscle Loss After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Predicts Worse Survival in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Jen-Fu , Huang Wen-Yen , Lo Cheng-Hsiang , Lee Meei-Shyuan , Lin Chun-Shu , Shen Po-Chien , Dai Yang-Hong , Wang Ying-Fu , Chen Teng-Wei
Published: March 2022

Background: The relationship between sarcopenia and treatment outcomes, especially in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) undergoing stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has not been well-explored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sarcopenia on the survival and toxicity after SBRT in patients with HCC.Methods: We included 137 patients with HCC treated with SBRT between 2008 and 2018. Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle index (SMI) of < 49 cm2/m2 for men and < 31 cm2/m2 for women using computed tomography images at the mid-level of the third lumbar vertebra. The SMI change was presented as the change per 90 days. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival estimation, and the Cox regression was used to determine prognosticators. Results: Sarcopenia was present in 67 of 137 eligible patients. With the median follow-up of 14.1 months and 32.7 months in the entire cohort and in those alive, respectively, patients with pre-SBRT sarcopenia or SMI loss ≥ 7% after SBRT had worse overall survival than their counterparts. Significant survival predictors on multivariate analysis were SMI loss ≥ 7% after SBRT [hazard ratio (HR): 1.96, p = 0.013], presence of extrahepatic metastasis (HR: 3.47, p <0.001), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (HR: 1.79, p = 0.027), and multiple tumors (HR: 2.19, p = 0.003). Separate Cox models according to the absence and presence of pre-SBRT sarcopenia showed that SMI loss ≥ 7% remained a significant survival predictor in patients with sarcopenia (HR: 3.06, p = 0.017) compared with those without sarcopenia. SMI loss ≥ 7% is also a predictor of the Child-Pugh score increase by ≥ 2 points after SBRT.Conclusions: SMI loss ≥ 7% after SBRT is a significant prognostic factor for worse survival and is associated with liver toxicity compared with pre-SBRT sarcopenia.
The prognostic value of KRAS mutation in locally advanced rectal cancer.
Authors: Asawa Palash , Bakalov Veli , Kancharla Pragnan , Abel Stephen , Chahine Zena , Monga Dulabh K. , Kirichenko Alexander V. , Wegner Rodney E.
Published: March 2022

BackgroundThe prognostic value of the KRAS proto-oncogene mutation in colorectal cancer has been debated. Herein, we analyzed the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to assess the role of KRAS mutation as a prognostic marker in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). MethodsWe identified LARC patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation from 2004-2015 excluding those with stage I/IV disease and unknown KRAS status. Multivariable logistic regression identified variables associated with KRAS positivity. Propensity adjusted univariable and multivariable analyses identified predictors of survival. ResultsOf the 784 eligible patients, 506 were KRAS negative (KRAS-) and 278 were KRAS positive (KRAS+). Median survival was 63.6 months and 76.3 months for KRAS+ and KRAS- patients respectively, with propensity adjusted 3 and 5-year survival of 79.9% vs. 83.6% and 56.7% vs 61.9% respectively (HR 1.56, p 1.074-2.272). Male sex, no insurance, and KRAS+ disease was associated with poorer survival on unadjusted and propensity adjusted multivariable analyses. ConclusionsOur analysis of KRAS+ LARC suggest that KRAS+ disease is associated with poorer overall survival. Given the inherent limitations of retrospective data, prospective validation is warranted.
Bianchi Type I Model of Universe With Customized Scale Factors
Authors: Sarmah Pranjal , Goswami Umananda Dev
Published: March 2022

According to standard cosmology, the universe is homogeneous and isotropic at large scales. However, some anisotropies can be observed at the local scale in the universe through various ways. Here we have studied the Bianchi type I model with customizing the scale factors to understand the anisotropic nature of the universe. We have considered two cases with slight modifications of scale factors in different directions in the generalized Bianchi Type I metric equation, and compared the results with the ΛCDM model and also with available cosmological observational data. Through this study, we also want to predict the possible degree of anisotropy present in the early universe and its evolution to current time by calculating the value of density parameter for anisotropy (Ωσ) for both low and high redshift (z) along with the possible relative anisotropy that exist among different directions. It is found that there was a significant amount of anisotropy in the early universe and the anisotropic nature of the universe vanishes at the near past and the present epochs. Thus at near past and present stages of the universe there is no effective distinction between this anisotropic model and the standard ΛCDM model.
The derivational morphology of Shinasha language
Authors: Amanu Adugnaw Techane , Woyila Habtamu Anbessie
Published: March 2022

This study has attempted to identify lexeme formation processes in Shinasha language. The researchers used elicitation/ linguistics interview / to collect the necessary data. Hence, Shinasha language has four word formation processes. These are derivational, compounding, reduplication and some words by changing the tone pattern of the language. With regard to nominalization: abstract, instrumental, result, gerundive and manner nominals are derived from nouns, adjectives and from verbs by suffixing bound morphemes. Concerning to Shinasha verbs, there are four types of verbs: causative, passive, reciprocal, transitive and imperative verbs which are only derived from root verbs through suffixation and by changing the sound morphemes. On the other hand adjectives are formed from nouns and verbs. The main Shinasha compound words are nouns, verbs and adjectives. They are formed by combining the same or different word classes. The third type of word formation process is reduplication. It forms frequentative and plural nouns of the language. The fourth process is tone variation; it is used to form nouns and verbs from other verbs and nouns by changing the pitch patterns of the language.
A Newly Defined m7G-Related Gene Signature for Overall Survival Prognosis of Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yuan Lebin , Cheng Fei , Wu Zhao , Shen Wei
Published: March 2022

Background: Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is a highly malignant disease with unsatisfactory prognosis. In recent years, it has been reported that m7G methylation can regulate promoter sequence and induce gene expression or silencing so that affect tumor progression. However, the prognostic value of m7G-related genes in KIRC needs to be further clarified. Methods: In this paper, we downloaded the mRNA expression profile and corresponding clinical data of KIRC patients from the public database TCGA. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was utilized to construct a multigene signature in the TCGA cohort. A risk score model was established based on Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Then, we performed functional enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis of differentially expressed genes between high-risk group and low-risk group.Result: 13 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in normal and tumor tissues. Based on the median score calculated by the risk score formula from 29 m7G-related genes, 534 patients were divided into low-risk and high-risk subgroups, respectively. The survival probability of KIRC patients in the low-risk group was significantly better than that in the high-risk group(p<0.001). The tumor grade and risk level were independent predictors for OS in multivariate Cox regression analyses (HR> 1, P< 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the signature's predictive capacity. Functional analysis revealed that human immunodeficiency was enriched, and immune status were different between two risk groups.Conclusion: A new m7G-related gene biomarker can be used to predict the prognosis of KIRC, which may be a therapeutic option for KIRC patients.
Clinical Aspects, Microbiological Features, and Therapeutic Outcome of Brain Abscess: An Experience of a Referral Center
Authors: Darazam Ilad Alavi , Hatami Firouze , Shokouhi Shervin , Mardani Masoud , Shabani Minoosh , Khabiri Neda , Rezaei Omidvar , Gharehbagh Farid Javandoust , Samadian Mohammad , Sharifi Guive , Ebrahimzadeh Kaveh , Mousavinejad Seyed Ali , Hallajnejad Mohammad , Rabiei Mohammad Mahdi , Bidari Farahnaz , Jamali Elena , Sabeti Shahram
Published: March 2022

Background
Brain abscess (BA) is recognized as a potentially fatal neurological infection requiring appropriate and prompt treatment. Improvements in diagnostic imaging and patient care have recently changed clinical symptoms, epidemiology, and outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to review all BA patients in our referral center.
Method
This study retrospectively reviewed all confirmed cases of BA referred to an academic teaching hospital and tertiary referral center between 2009 and 2021.
Result
The study included 119 clinically and radiologically confirmed brain abscesses (84% male vs. 16% female) with a mean age of 38.6 ± 16 years (range:1–79 years). The cause of BA in most cases (71.4%) was unknown. Only 11 patients had positive smears. Approximately 42.9% of patients were treated with surgery and antibiotic therapy, and the rest were treated with antibiotic therapy. The mortality rate in our study was 31.1%. Based on our analysis, HIV patients (P: 0.003), IV drug users (P: 0.025), and patients with loss of consciousness at the time of admission (P < 0.001) had a high mortality rate. On the other hand, patients treated with surgical intervention exhibited a low mortality rate (P: 0.02). The most common site of BA in our patients was the parietal (27.2%).
Conclusion
In our experience, HIV patients, IV drug users, and unconscious people on admission had higher mortality rates. The mortality rate of patients who underwent surgery was also low. The source of BA in most patients was unknown.
Factors influencing men’s decisions whether or not to utilize sexual and reproductive health services in Low-Middle-Income countries: A narrative review
Authors: Nyalela Mpumelelo , Dlungwane Thembelihle
Published: March 2022

Background
Low-Middle-Income countries (LMIC) present with a high aversion to the utilization of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services by men. Nevertheless, in both Low-Middle-Income and High-Income countries, low SRH utilization is mainly related to men's poor Health Seeking Behaviour (HSB). Identifying SRH inhibitors and facilitators remains an essential approach to improve SRH utilization and avert higher mortality and earlier morbidity associated with poor HSB among men. This literature review identifies factors contributing to men's decisions not to utilize SRH services, particularly to inform a conceptual model illustrating men's SRH utilization in LMIC.
Methods
In this narrative review, we searched articles published between 2004 and 2021 from international databases, including Google Scholar, Science Direct, EBSCOhost, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and reference lists of retrieved published articles.
Results
A total of 2219 articles were retrieved, from which 51 articles met the inclusion criteria. We reveal lack of access and availability of SRH services, poor health-seeking behavior among men and, SRH facilities often not being seen as "male-friendly” spaces and not providing men's services under one roof as the underlying factors contributing to the poor uptake of SRH services by men. Further influences to decline in SRH utilization by men included lack of focus on adult men's sexual and reproductive health; the lack of inclusion of men in a meaningful way; and the insufficient evidence about large-scale and implementable approaches to address men’s SRH needs. Our reviews reveal that dealing with negative or inhibiting factors to manage low utilization of SRH services had improved men's SRH utilization where this was carried out. We conclude by proposing a framework to illustrate men's engagement with SRH services.
FTOR-ModPSO: A Fault Tolerance and an Optimal Relay Node Selection Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks using Modified PSO
Authors: SREED POGULA , Venkateswarlu S.
Published: March 2022

Most of the wireless sensor networks are energy limited. To improve the lifetime of a network, the energy consumption should be reduced. Clustering is a proven technique that reduces energy consumption in WSNs. The energy can be saved by sending the collected information to the sink using the Cluster Head (CH) nodes. Fault tolerance is a crucial issue in WSNs, and one cluster head failure collapses the entire data communication. This paper presents a fault tolerance cluster-based routing technique. This paper aims to provide improved fault tolerance and data aggregation technique for clustered WSN using FTOR-ModPSO (Fault tolerance and optimal relay node with modified Particle Swarm Optimization). Here, the fault tolerance is achieved by selecting the backup cluster head (BKCH) for every cluster. The method consists of two phases. The network is categorized into clusters in the first phase whereas in the second phase, CHs and BKCHs are selected. Intra-cluster communication happens between member and CH nodes. Aggregator nodes (AG) are used for inter-cluster communication, and modified PSO identifies CH and AG's best relay. The fault tolerance and packet delivery rate are increased with less energy utilization compared to other existing energy-saving protocols by implementing this method.
Comparison of in-vitro susceptibility of Fosfomycin against drug resistant uropathogens by various susceptibility testing methods.
Authors: Bir Raunak , Mohapatra Sarita , Kumar Arvind , Arif Nazneen , Tyagi Sonu , AK Aswin Pius , Gautam Hitender , Sood Seema , Das Bimal Kumar , Kapil Arti
Published: March 2022

Urinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial infections causing high morbidity and mortality. Alarming rise of multidrug resistant uropathogens worldwide, forced the clinician to rethink about the old drugs like Fosfomycin for its therapeutic management. Our objective was to compare agar dilution (AD), disc diffusion (DD) and E test method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of Fosfomycin against different drug resistant uropathogens. Consecutive 181 uropathogens were tested for Fosphomycin AST using AD, DD and E test. Results were interpreted using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints. Escherichia coli was found as the most common (62.4%) uropathogen followed by Klebsiella spp. (21%). Considering agar dilution as gold standard, 6.1% of isolates were resistant to Fosfomycin. Following CLSI breakpoints, the susceptibility of E.coli, Klebsiella spp., other Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 92.9%, 92.1%, 100 %, 100%; whereas using EUCAST breakpoints the susceptibility rates were 85.7%, 86.9%, 92.9%, and 100%, respectively. The essential agreement, categorical agreement, major error, and very major error for E-test/ DD for all the organisms were 91.2%/Not Applicable, 95%/93.9%, 1.8%/4.7%, 9.1%/9.1%, respectively. This result supports very low resistance of Enterobacterales against Fosfomycin; hence should be considered as a valuable option to treat multidrug resistant uropathogens. DD observed to be a convenient method for Fosphomycin AST comparing AD.
Nurses’ experiences with continuous vital sign monitoring on the general surgical ward: a qualitative study based on the Behaviour Change Wheel
Authors: Leenen Jobbe PL , Dijkman Eline M , Hout Annemarie van , Kalkman Cor J , Schoonhoven Lisette , Patijn Gijsbert A
Published: March 2022

BackgroundTo support early recognition of clinical deterioration on a general ward continuous vital signs monitoring (CMVS) systems using wearable devices are increasingly being investigated. Although nurses play a crucial role in successful implementation, reported nurse adoption and acceptance scores vary significantly. In-depth insight into the perspectives of nurses regarding CMVS is lacking. To this end, we applied a theoretical approach for behaviour change derived from the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). AimTo provide insight in the capability, opportunity and motivation of nurses providing working with CMVS, in order to inform future implementation efforts. MethodsA qualitative study was conducted, including twelve nurses of a surgical ward in a tertiary teaching hospital with previous experience of working with CMVS. Semi-structured interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis. The results were mapped onto the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour (COM-B) model of the BCW.ResultsFive key themes emerged. The theme ‘learning and coaching on the job’ linked to Capability. Nurses favoured learning about CVSM by dealing with it in daily practice. Receiving bedside guidance and coaching was perceived as important. The theme ‘interpretation of vital sign trends’ also linked to Capability. Nurses mentioned the novelty of monitoring vital sign trends of patients on wards. The theme ‘Management of alarms’ linked to Opportunity. Nurses perceived the (false) alarms generated by the system as excessive resulting in feelings of irritation and uncertainty. The theme ‘Integration and compatibility with clinical workflow’ linked to Opportunity. CVSM was experienced as helpful and easy to use, although integration in mobile devices and the EMR was highly favoured and the management of clinical workflows would need improvement. The theme ‘added value for nursing care’ linked to Motivation. All nurses recognized the potential added value of CVSM for postoperative care.ConclusionOur findings suggest all parts of the COM-B model should be considered when implementing CVSM on general wards. When the themes in Capability and Opportunity are not properly addressed by selecting interventions and policy categories, this may negatively influence the Motivation and may compromise successful implementation.
How Can City’s Water Resources Pressure be Alleviated? from the Perspective of Critical Path Water Resources Management
Authors: wang fengting , liu cong , xiong lichun
Published: March 2022

The pressure on water resources as a result of the socioeconomic system has caused more attention to be paid to the consumption of water resources and the indirect consumption of intermediate inputs; the mitigation of pressure on water resources and its key transmission sector has been less explored. This paper, which is based on water-expanded input–output data from 2002, 2007, and 2012 in Beijing, identifies the key transmission sector for water consumption and its annual dynamic changes with a Betweenness-based method and analyzes specific categories of features of industrial water resource consumption by using a method with hierarchical clustering and typology. The results show that there are significant differences in the water consumption rankings measured with the Betweenness-based method and other traditional input–output indexes. The Betweenness method provides additional information on the key transmission sectors of water use that were unobservable with traditional metrics. Furthermore, the sectors with high betweenness-based water consumption changed from traditional heavy industries, such as the mining sector and paper printing, to the modern manufacturing industries, which were dominated by the communication, automobile, electronics, and high-technology service industries and were led by commercial, research and development, and information services from 2002 to 2012. Finally, the results of hierarchical clustering and typology method showed that the sectors corresponding to Category 1 and Category 2 were the key transmission sectors for water consumption in the economic system, and they need more attention. This research suggests that water resource management policies should be formulated for the key transmission sectors in order to alleviate the pressure from water resource shortages.
Analysis on the Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of the Shallow Soil Temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Authors: Li Yujie , Zhang Cunjie , Li Zhenchao , Yang Liwei , Jin Xiao , Gao Xiaoqing
Published: March 2022

Shallow soil refers to the soil layer within 50 cm underground. Shallow soil temperature (ST) directly or indirectly affects many processes in the soil, such as seed germination, plant growth, water evaporation. Shallow ST is also affected by solar radiation, atmospheric circulation, air temperature and precipitation changes. Therefore, the study of shallow ST is of great significance in understanding surface energy, water cycle, ecology and climate change. This work collected the observational data from 141 meteorological stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020, analyzed the ST as well as its temporal and spatial change characteristics at different levels. The results show that: 1) The shallow ST has a gradually increasing trend from north to south, from west to east. From the perspective of time characteristics, the increasing trend is obvious. The temperature increase of 0-20cm (the surface layer of the shallow soil) is roughly the same. The average annual ST is 9.15–9.57 ℃, the interdecadal variabilities are 0.49–0.53 K/10a. The average annual ST of 40cm (the bottom layer) is 8.69 ℃, the interdecadal variability reaches by 0.98 K/10a; 2) Considering the 7 regions, the warming trend is obvious, and there are certain regional differences. The average annual ST in different regions ranges from 5.2°C (Northeast of the Plateau) to 17.1°C (Western Sichuan Plateau), with a difference of nearly 12K; the standard deviation ranges from 0.40K (Western Sichuan Plateau) to 0.61K (Qiangtang Plateau), with a difference of 0.21K. This work is significant for understanding the characteristics of the ST evolution and the land-atmosphere interaction on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Complementary foods and baby health
Authors: Sugyan N. G. , Zakharova I. N.
Published: March 2022

Breast milk is the optimal feeding, which meets all the newborn’s body needs. For nutritional support and development of the baby, at certain periods of life it is required to introduce complementary foods into the diet, which is an important intermediate link between the milk nutrition and the general diet. In addition, complementary foods contribute to the development of taste habits, introduce a baby to a variety of foods and tastes, to a more complex food texture, and contribute to the development of such important physiological skills as chewing and swallowing. Nutrition in infancy may influence eating behaviour and eating habits at a later age. The babies become familiar with scents in the mother’s womb via amniotic fluid and then during breastfeeding when scents and flavours from the mother’s diet are tasted.The article provides evidence in support of the recommended age when complementary foods should be introduced, the main factors affecting the eating behaviour of babies: exposure to sweet, salty, sour, bitter, or specific tastes. The impact of sweet foods on the health of babies in the future is of great importance, for example, it may increase a risk of developing overweight/obesity as compared to those who had the lowest intake of sweet foods. Attention is paid to the most important risk factor for developing early sensitization, namely the nature of feeding babies in the early period, and the immunogenicity evaluation of the first complementary foods. The article provides a rich selection of commercial first complementary foods that contribute to the correct development of eating habits in babies from an early age.
COVID-19 pandemic and kidney disease in children: literature review and own regional observations
Authors: Borisova O. V. , Makovetskaya G. A. , Mazur L. I. , Bochkareva N. M. , Barinov V. N. , Yashkina O. N. , Kolesnikov S. A. , Reshetova S. N.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Currently, the coronavirus infection pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues around the world. Research data from domestic and foreign authors indicate that the kidneys are a target organ for a new infection, lesions vary from proteinuria and hematuria to acute kidney injury.Aim of the study – to determine the frequency and nature of kidney damage in children with confirmed coronavirus infection.Materials and methods. A retrospective and prospective analysis of cases of confirmed COVID-19 infection in children (n = 441) admitted to the Samara Regional Children’s Infectious Diseases Hospital from March 2020 to July 2021 was carried out. SARSCoV-2 RNA was detected in all patients by a one-step reverse transcription reaction combined with a polymerase chain reaction. The changes in the kidneys that occurred in 57 children were studied. The research results were processed using the Statistica 7.0 software (StatSoft, USA).Results. The involvement of the kidneys in the infectious process was detected in every 8 children with COVID-19 (12.9%), more often in the form of isolated urinary syndrome, the detection rate of which correlated with the severity of the course of coronavirus infection: in severe cases, proteinuria was detected in 31.6% of patients, hematuria – in 21%, acute kidney injury – in 10.5%, diabetic nephropathy – in 5.3%. Kidney damage was combined with damage to the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, characterized by rapid recovery of urine output and azotemia parameters without special renal therapy. A clinical case of the onset of nephrotic syndrome that developed 2 weeks after suffering a coronavirus infection is described.Conclusions. Children with COVID-19 require kidney function monitoring for early detection and correction in case of impairment. Patients with isolated urinary syndrome in the acute period require long-term observation in order to detect latent renal pathology.