bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Machining Accuracy of Soft Elastic Material Using Cryogenic Dicing
Authors: Yu Binhai , He Chonghui , Li Jiasheng , Zhang Yunlong , Ding Xinrui , Li Zongtao
Published: July 2024

Dicing is one of the common processing methods for soft elastic materials. However, as the processing dimensions continue to decrease, the machining accuracy of the workpiece becomes worse. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) of dicing processing is established by using finite element software ABAQUS and is compared with experimental results. Based on the established 3D dicing FEM, the influence of temperature, depth of cut, and spindle speed on the dicing process is studied. The results show that in the traditional soft elastic material dicing process, the increase in spindle speed and the decrease in processing dimensions led to the vibration of the tool, tilt and twist deformation of the workpiece, which become the main reasons for the poor machining accuracy. The application of cryogenic processing can effectively suppress the tilt and twist deformation of the workpiece. Under high spindle speed, cryogenic dicing can also somewhat mitigate the negative influence of tool vibration.
Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing Post Sexual-Based Violence Health Services among Young Women Attending Higher Education Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Adebisi Ajoke Esther , Zhong Eric Chen , Adeagbo Oluwafemi , Badru Oluwaseun , Mogo Ebele R.I. , Yankam Brenda , Oreh Adaeze , Gadanya Muktar A. , Bain Luchuo Engelbert
Published: July 2024

Background
Post-sexual-based violence (SBV) services are imperative when it comes to attenuating SBV-induced consequences. These services are reportedly rare, and often underutilized, most especially by young women in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators in accessing post-SBV services among young women (18–24 years) attending higher education institutions in Nigeria.
Methods
An online survey using a pre-tested and validated questionnaire was administered to a purposive sample of 114 respondents between the 8th and 22nd March 2022. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the study findings.
Results
The majority (71.1%) of the respondents were between the ages of 21–24 years, and 8.5% of the respondents reported the nature of their first intercourse was not consensual. Half of the respondents (50.9%) strongly agreed that a post-SBV health service should be the first place to go following an incident of rape, but over half of the respondents (53.2%) reported a lack of awareness of existing SBV health services as a barrier that impacts young women’s access to these services. Also, less than half the respondents strongly agreed that healthcare workers can provide the highlighted post-SBV services in the study including emergency contraceptives to prevent pregnancy and Post Exposure Prophylaxis to prevent HIV (39.6% and 42.9% respondents respectively), showing awareness gaps. Other key barriers reported include stigma or shame, and lack of support systems. Key facilitators included an assurance of confidentiality and access to free Post-SBV health services.
Conclusion
Important barriers and facilitators impact access to post-SBV-health services in Nigeria, especially among young women. Multilevel efforts by families, civil society organizations, communities, and governments will help address these barriers and facilitate access to SBV health services.
Interplay of urea nitrogen, uric acid, and HDL in mediating cystatin C's role in metabolic syndrome: evidence from NHANES 1999-2004
Authors: Zhu Meng , Pan Fuzhen
Published: July 2024

Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) significantly increases the risk for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. This study investigates the associations and interactions between cystatin C, urea nitrogen, uric acid, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), assessing their collective impact on MetS using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis on 54,555 participants from NHANES. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the impact of cystatin C on MetS, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors. Mediation analysis quantified the effects mediated by urea nitrogen, uric acid, and HDL. Generalized additive models (GAM) explored non-linear relationships and interactions among biomarkers. Stratified analysis further dissected these relationships across demographic groups, such as sex, age and BMI, to assess variability in biomarker impacts.
Results
Regression analysis demonstrated a robust association between increased cystatin C levels and higher MetS risk (adjusted OR for highest quartile: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.31–2.18, P < 0.001). Mediation analysis indicated that urea nitrogen and uric acid mediated 24.19% and 48.13% of the effect of cystatin C on MetS risk. HDL moderated these effects, reducing the likelihood of MetS where higher levels of HDL were present (mediated 52.58%). The three-way interaction between MetS, HDL, and urea nitrogen was also significant (estimate − 0.00232, P < 0.003). GAM shows a non-linear relationship between urea nitrogen and cystatin C, where cystatin C levels increase with urea nitrogen up to approximately 60 mg/dL, after which they decrease until about 60 mg/dL and increase until about 80 mg/dL. Stratified analysis underscored that the impact of these biomarkers varies significantly by age, with stronger associations observed in older adults (≥ 65 years), and socioeconomic status, where lower economic groups (PIR > 3.5) showed heightened vulnerability.
Conclusions
The study confirms the crucial role of cystatin C as a predictor of MetS, influenced by its interactions with urea nitrogen, uric acid, and HDL. The differential impact across demographic profiles emphasizes the need for personalized approaches in the management and prevention of MetS. These insights pave the way for targeted therapeutic strategies that consider individual and demographic-specific metabolic profiles.
Does the Initial Treatment of the Primary Tumor Impact Prognosis after Recurrence in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer? Results From A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Wang Zhangjie , Bai Feiyu , Chen Yufeng , Liu Xuanhui , Huang Zeping , Zhu Qiqi , Wu Xiaojian , Cai Zerong
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Role of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for local advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has been well proved, but its impact on patients who relapse remains unknown. This study aims to delineate the influence of initial treatment and MRI-defined risk factors on post recurrent survival in recurrent LARC patients.
Patients and methods:
LARC patients who underwent radical surgery and subsequently developed recurrence were retrospectively identified. Patients were stratified based on MRI-defined local risk assessment and the initial treatment modality for the primary tumor (NAT or primary surgery). They were classified into four groups: high-risk LARC with NAT (HiN), high-risk LARC with primary surgery (HiS), low-risk LARC with NAT (LoN), and low-risk LARC with primary surgery (LoS). The primary endpoint was survival after recurrence.
Result
381 cases of relapsed patients were identified from 2,329 LARC patients. Salvage surgery was performed on 33.1% of these patients. Patients with single-site recurrence or who underwent salvage surgery exhibited significantly prolonged survival time after recurrence (P < 0.001). Patients in the HiS group showed poorer survival after recurrence compared to the other three subgroups (P = 0.034). This subset of patients, characterized by receiving less adjuvant treatment after primary surgery, had a shorter recurrence interval compared to the other groups (P = 0.001).
Conclusions
Our findings reaffirm the prognostic significance of salvage surgery in relapsed patients from a LARC cohort. Moreover, MRI defined high-risk LARC patients who received upfront surgery without NAT had shorter interval to recurrence and poorer survival outcome after recurrence. Our result underscore the critical role of NAT in improving patients’ survival after recurrence.
Trial registration:
Supplementary registration was carried out at clinicaltrials.gov (Registration number: NCT06314737) on March 14, 2024. The study was retrospectively registered.
Experiencing extremes: how Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) deals with increasing water temperatures
Authors: Amanajás Renan Diego , Silva Jhonatan Mota , Paula-Silva Maria de Nazaré , Val Adalberto Luis
Published: July 2024

Temperature regulates the life cycle of aquatic organisms. However, in the current climate change scenario, the warming of the planet is putting the resilience of many species at risk, resulting in organic disturbances. In the Amazon, the effects of warming demonstrate the low thermal tolerance of species that are already living near their upper temperature limits. In this study, we evaluated the physiological and biochemical responses of specimens of pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) exposed to increasing levels of water temperature (normal environmental temperature of the period (Tenv), 31 ºC, 34 ºC and 37 ºC) for a period of 96 h, in triplicate (N = 3). Our main findings show an increase in hematological parameters with a temperature elevation up to 34 ºC, followed by suppression at 37 ºC. Increases in glucose and lactate levels and reduced triglyceride levels were observed with the elevation in water temperature. Cholesterol levels remained unchanged throughout the experimental period. ALT and AST enzymes increased at 34 and 37 ºC. Oxidative stress levels were elevated at Tenv, and were higher at 37 ºC when compared to animals at 31 ºC. In the liver, the activities of SOD and GPx enzymes increased with the increase in temperature, while the CAT enzyme showed reduced activity at 37 ºC. Thus, the data from the present study show that the pirarucu is a species that responds to increasing levels of water temperature. However, a temperature of 37 ºC seems to offer a greater risk to the species’ ability to cope with the effects of higher temperatures, as it requires greater energy expenditure and induces oxidative stress. Thus, the pirarucu seems to cope better with temperatures that do not exceed 34 ºC.
Does the management of anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer resection affect long-term oncological survival? A retrospective propensity score- adjusted cohort study
Authors: Ammann Yanic , Marti Lukas , Warschkow Rene , Bischofberger Stephan , Reißfelder Christoph , Schmied Bruno , Brunner Walter , Tarantino Ignazio
Published: July 2024

Background: The International Study Group of Rectal Cancer (ISREC) provides a classification of anastomotic leakage (AL). This classification allows good stratification regarding postoperative morbidity and mortality after rectal cancer resection. The aim of this study was to determine whether AL and its severity influence survival.
Methods: Patients who underwent elective mesorectal excision (PME or TME) for primary rectal cancer stages I–III and who underwent anastomosis were included. A retrospective analysis of clinical data retrieved from a prospectively conducted database was performed. The primary endpoint was cancer-specific survival (CSS). Risk factors were adjusted by propensity score matching (PSM). The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local recurrence-free rate (RFR).
Results: Nine hundred forty-two patients underwent surgery between 1991 and 2020 and were followed for a mean of 71.9 (SD 48.5) months. AL occurred in 141 patients (15.0%). Twenty-three patients had grade A AL (16.3%), 48 patients had grade B AL (34.0%), and 70 patients had grade C AL (49.6%). AL had no significant negative influence on the 5-year propensity score-adjusted survival rate for CSS (no AL 92.2%, AL 87.9%, p=0.161), but on OS (no AL 78.6%, AL 66.9%, p=0.005), DFS (no AL 72.9%, AL 60.9%, p=0.011), and RFR (no AL 94.2%, AL 88.5%, p=0.047). The severity of AL did not have a significant influence on CSS (p=0.642).
Conclusions: AL had a negative influence on OS, DFS and RFR. Whether aggressive surgical clinical management of AL has any influence on CSS remains unclear.
Clinical trial registration
The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06059924).
Structure of dimerized assimilatory NADPH-dependent sulfite reductase reveals the minimal interface for diflavin reductase binding
Authors: Stroupe M. Elizabeth , Esfahani Behrouz Ghazi , Walia Nidhi , Neselu Kasahun , Aragon Mahira , Askenasy Isabel , Wei Hui , Mendez Joshua
Published: July 2024

Escherichia coli NADPH-dependent assimilatory sulfite reductase (SiR) fixes sulfur for incorporation into sulfur-containing biomolecules. SiR is composed of two subunits: an NADPH, FMN, and FAD-binding diflavin reductase and an iron siroheme/Fe4S4 cluster-containing oxidase. How they interact has been unknown for over 50 years because SiR is highly flexible, thus has been intransigent for traditional X-ray or cryo-EM structural analysis. A combination of the chameleon plunging system with a fluorinated lipid overcame the challenge of preserving a dimer between the subunits for high-resolution (2.84 Å) cryo-EM analysis. Here, we report the first structure of the reductase/oxidase complex, revealing how they interact in a minimal interface. Further, we determined the structural elements that discriminate between pairing a siroheme-containing oxidase with a diflavin reductase or a ferredoxin partner to channel the six electrons that reduce sulfite to sulfide.
Service Delivery Preferences for Long-acting Pre-exposure Prophylaxis among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in South Africa and Botswana
Authors: DE VOS Lindsey , MUSSA Aamirah , ROUSSEAU Elzette , STRAUSS Michael , GEORGE Gavin , VUNDHLA Prisca , GEBENGU Avuyonke , TSUANENG Maipelo , TAMUTHIBA Lefhela , TUMAGOLE Aratwa , MOSHASHANE Neo , MORRONI Chelsea , PETERS Remco P.H. , BABALOLA Chibuzor , KLAUSNER Jeffrey D. , DAVEY Dvora JOSEPH
Published: July 2024

Objective
HIV particularly affects women during pregnancy and postpartum, where they face a two-fold or more increased risk of HIV acquisition. Structural and individual barriers hinder effective use of daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We explored preferences for long-acting PrEP and multipurpose prevention technologies among pregnant and breastfeeding women (PBFW) without HIV.
Design
Between April and December 2023, we evaluated preferences for long-acting PrEP in a discrete choice experiment among pregnant and breastfeeding, postpartum women accessing maternal services at the primary healthcare level.
Methods
The study included individuals with prior experience using oral PrEP (Cape Town, South Africa) and those PrEP naive (East London, South Africa, and Gaborone, Botswana). The discrete choice experiment was developed through qualitative interviews and focus group discussions. Analysis included demographic characterization, site stratification, mixed effects logistic regression, and latent class modelling.
Results
We surveyed 450 pregnant and breastfeeding women (52% pregnant, 47% breastfeeding). Women strongly disfavoured vaginally inserted and implanted PrEP compared to oral PrEP. Preferences varied by study population: clinic PrEP pick-up was preferred in East London and Gaborone, while Cape Town showed more indifference for community delivery. Women in East London and Gaborone prioritized PrEP effectiveness over frequency. Three latent classes emerged: Class 1, ‘comprehensive delivery seekers’ (43%); Class 2, ‘physical and physiological prioritisers’ (25%), and Class 3, ‘vaginal insertion avoiders’ (32%).
Conclusions
PrEP modality (long-acting), frequency, and pickup location were important factors in PrEP delivery. Future PrEP programs should prioritize user-centered approaches, aligning with user values and preferences to foster effective use.
High throughput computing infrastructure for the ALICE EPN online processing
Authors:   , Lehrbach Johannes
Published: July 2024

A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) is a high-energy physics experiment, designed to study heavy ion collisions at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)Large Hadron Collider (LHC). ALICE is built to study the fundamental properties of matter as it existed shortly after the big bang. This requires reading out millions of sensors with high frequency, enabling high statistics for physics analysis, resulting in a considerable computing demand concerning network throughput and processing power. With the ALICE Run 3 upgrade, requirements for a High Throughput Computing (HTC) online processing cluster increased significantly, due to more than an order of magnitude more data than in Run 2, resulting in a processing input rate of up to 900 GB/s. Online (real-time) event reconstruction allows for the compression of the data stream to 130 GB/s, which is stored on disk for physics analysis. This thesis presents the implementation of the ALICE Event Processing Node (EPN) compute farm, to cope with the Run 3 online computing challenges. Building a Data Centre tailored to ALICE requirements for the Run 3 and Run 4 EPN farm. Providing the operational conditions for a dynamic compute environment of a High Performance Computing (HPC) cluster, with significant load changes in a short time span, when starting or stopping a data-taking run. EPN servers provide the required computing resources for online reconstruction and data compression. The farm includes network connectivity towards First Level Processors (FLPs), requiring reliable throughput of 900 GB/s between FLPs and EPNs and connectivity from the internal InfiniBand network to the CERN Exabyte Object Storage (EOS) Ethernet network, with more than 100 GB/s. The results of operating the EPN computing infrastructure during the first year of Run 3 LHC collisions are described in the context of the ALICE experiment. The EPN farm was delivering the expected performance for ALICE data-taking. Data Centre environmental conditions remained stable during the last more than two years, in particular during starting and stopping runs, which include significant changes in IT load. Several unforeseen external circumstances lead to increasing demands for the Online Offline System (O2). Higher data rates than anticipated required network performance to exceed the initial design specifications, for the throughput between FLPs and EPNs. In particular, the high throughput from an internal EPN InfiniBand network towards the storage Ethernet network was one of the challenges to overcome.
The accumulation of aluminum in the aboveground parts of green manure plants belonging to the Brassicaceae family
Authors: Gaponenko A. M. , Gnatiuk A. M. , Salnikova A. V. , Rahmetov D. B.
Published: July 2024

Purpose. To determine the level of aluminum (Al) accumulation in plants of the Brassicaceae family, which are used in agriculture as green manure and are promising plants for soil phytoremediation. The following crops were the subject of the study: oilseed radish, variety ‘Kyianochka’ (Raphanus sativus L. var oleiformis Pars. ‘Kyianochka’), white mustard, variety ‘Soniachna’ (Sinapis alba L. ‘Soniachna’), winter rapeseed, variety ‘Horlytsia’ (Brassica napus L. ‘Horlytsia’), Sarepta mustard, variety ‘Zolotava’ (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. ‘Zolotava’), winter turnip rape, variety ‘Oriana’ (Brassica campestris var. oleifera f. biennis D.C. ‘Oriana’), tyfon, variety ‘Fitopal’ (Brassica campestris var. oleifera f. biennis DC. ´ Brassica rapa L. ‘Fitopal’). Methods. The research was carried out in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv). Plants grown as green manure crops for 56 days on grey forest degraded sandy loam soil, pH 6.5–7.0, were analysed. Aluminum content was determined using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP­OES) ICAP 6300 Duo. The possibility of metal accumulation in plant tissues was assessed using the bioconcentration factor (BF). Results. Measurements showed the following content of Al in plant tissues (in abs. dry matter): oilseed radish, variety ‘Kyianochka’ – 2035.9 mg/kg, white mustard, variety ‘Soniachna’ – 687.5 mg/kg, winter rapeseed, variety ‘Horlytsia’ – 388.6 mg/kg, Sarepta mustard, variety ‘Zolotava’ – 1238.5 mg/kg, winter turnip rape, variety ‘Oriana’ – 1105.2 mg/kg, tyfon, variety ‘Fitopal’ – 854.4 mg/kg. Conclusions. Under growing conditions, the aluminum content in plants did not exceed 0.2%. All the samples studied have a BF < 1 and are not hyperaccumulators of the element according to this criterion. However, three of the investigated samples (‘Zolotava’ Sarepta mustard, ‘Oriana’ winter turnip rape and ‘Kyianochka’ oilseed radish) have an aluminum content in the above­ground dry matter of more than 1000 mg/kg, indicating a significant accumulation of this element. For the purposes of phytoextraction of aluminum, the most suitable of the plants studied is oilseed radish ‘Kyianochka’ (BF ≈ 0.4).
Resistance of soft winter wheat varieties against pathogens of major leaf­stem diseases in the South of Ukraine
Authors: Sauliak N. I. , Traskovetska V. A. , Vasyliev O. A. , Bushulian M. A. , Rudenko V. A. , Tsapenko V. M
Published: July 2024

Purpose. To evaluate common winter wheat varieties of the Plant Breeding and Genetic Institute (PBGI) for resistance to brown and leaf rust and powdery mildew pathogens and to identify those with complex immunity to the above diseases that can be used as resistance donors in breeding practice. Methods. During 2021–2023, 35 wheat varieties of the PBGI (Wheat Breeding Department and Laboratory of Intensive Wheat Varieties) were studied. Methods of phytopathological assessment were used on separate and complex artificial infectious backgrounds of the studied diseases in the field and under artificial climatic conditions at the development stages of BBCH 12 and BBCH 59–69. Results. The varieties ‘Oktava’ and ‘Pozytsiia Odeska’ were resistant to brown rust in the juvenile and adult phases, and ‘Oktava’, ‘Vidpovid Odeska’ and ‘Pozytsiia Odeska’ were resistant to stem rust. Moderate resistance to powdery mildew was demonstrated by varieties ‘Oktava’, ‘Shchedrist’, ‘Zhytnytsia’, ‘Harantiia’, ‘Fortetsia’ and ‘Pozytsiia Odeska’ in the juvenile phase, and complex resistance to the disease group was demonstrated by ‘Oktava’ and ‘Pozytsiia Odeska’. Conclusions. The varieties with complex resistance to brown rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew justify the efforts made to develop them and are valuable for further breeding as they often do not require fungicides during cultivation.
A Comprehensive Review on Novel Pathways in Cancer Treatment: Clinical Applications and Future Prospects
Authors: Shifana A.S. , Adnan Mohammad , Gupta Akash , Ajazuddin  , Jain Parag
Published: July 2024

Cancer is a global health issue that requires ongoing therapeutic advances. This review
provides an overview of recent treatment strategies focusing on novel pathways in cancer therapy.
Emerging research has unveiled promising targets that go beyond traditional modalities, offering
new avenues for precision medicine and improved patient outcomes. One key area of innovation
lies in targeted therapies directed at specific molecular pathways implicated in cancer progression.
The identification of novel biomarkers has paved the way for the development of precision
medicines tailored to individual patient profiles. Immunotherapy has also revolutionised cancer
treatment by using the immune system to identify and remove cancer cells.
Moreover, advancements in epigenetic therapies and RNA-based interventions demonstrate unprecedented
potential in modulating gene expression and disrupting cancer-specific signalling
pathways. We have discussed the pathophysiology of cancer, different immune checkpoint inhibitors,
and targeted therapies in signalling therapies. The epigenetic modulators, such as Histone
deacetylase (HDACs) inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors, were studied. Recent
breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy treatment (CAR-T) cell therapy showcase the potential
to enhance the immune response against various cancers; thus, related information was incorporated.
Further, RNA-based therapies like RNA interference and mRNA-based vaccines and therapies,
combination therapies, and novel therapies were discussed in the present article.
Pregnancy and Diabetes in Turin: Lights and Shadows from Real Life
Data
Authors: Garino Francesca , Gottero Cristina , Balbo Marcella , Visconti Felicia , Sansone Daniela , Oleandri Salvatore Endrio
Published: July 2024

Background::

From 2021, PSDTA for women with pregnancy complicated by diabetes
will be active in the ASL city of Turin; given the city's increasing multiculturalism, we decided
to evaluate from this point of view the patients who entered this pathway.

Methods:

Data on women from 1/10/2022 to 30/09/2023 were collected from the computerized
medical record.

Results::

Total patients: 304, Type of diabetes: T1D 3%; MODY < 1%; T2D 4% Diabetes manifested
in pregnancy (DMIP) 2%, GDM 90%, Foreigners prevalence: GDM: 67%, T2D%, T1D:
Foreign 11%, Planned vs. neglected pregnancies: GDM 47% vs 18%, T2D 31% vs 32%, DMIP
28% vs 50%, T1D: 66% vs 11%, Therapy: GDM: insulin 31% (multi-injective <30%), metformin
5%, T2D: insulin 100% (multi-injective 68%, metformin in 20%); continuous glycemic
sensor in 48%, DMIP: insulin 50% (multi-injective 50%), T1D: multi-injective therapy 33%;
pump and glycemic sensor 33%; integrated sensor-micro-infuser system 33%.

Conclusion::

In the aspect of ISTAT data indicating that for northern Italy, a foreign origin for
26% of mothers, our population is "unbalanced” between GDM, T2D, and DMIP on one side
and T1D on the other. The higher percentage of foreigners in the GDM group could be attributable
to the higher share of Italian women opting for private practice, conversely, the "missing"
share of foreign women with T1D is more difficult to interpret. Unplanned or even neglected
pregnancies are significant in women with GDM and DMIP (who are mostly foreign). If these
data are confirmed in other Italian realities, corrective strategies need to be planned.
Cost-effective Phytohormone Extraction of Sargassum swartzii from the Persian Gulf Using Magnetic Ionic Liquid
Authors: Rajabiyan Ali , Zarei-Ahmady Amanollah , Izadi Mohammad , Kardani Fatemeh
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Algae extracts are utilized as biofertilizers instead of chemical ferti-lizers in agriculture. Further, algae are known to possess a high content of plant hormones, such as gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and brassinosteroids.

Objective:

The main objective of this study was to increase the extraction yield and simulta-neously extract hormones required for plant growth from Sargassum swartzii using Magnetic recoverable ionic liquid (IL).

Methods:

In this study, extraction was performed by acidic digestion with acetic acid and then alkaline digestion with potassium hydroxide.

Results:

The results showed the ionic liquid effect in extraction yield by 266 percent. The extracted phytohormones were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. High levels of gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and brassinosteroids in improved algae extraction showed that seaweed extract could be used as environmentally friendly liquid bio-fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizers and could play a crucial role in organic farming for sustainable agriculture. Additionally, the recoverability of ionic liquid eight times with negligible leaching proved the introduced procedure to be cost-effective.

Conclusion:

The reported procedure for algae extraction improved by using an acidic/primary ionic liquid environment. This procedure is economical because of the simple reusability of ionic liquid due to its magnetic features.

conclusion:

The reported procedure for algae extraction improved by using an acidic/primary ionic liquid environment. This procedure is economic because of the simply reusability of ionic liquid due to its magnetic features.
A pandemia de Covid-19 nas capas da Veja: o modo narrativo sob a perspectiva da Semiolinguística
Authors: Rebello Ilana da Silva
Published: July 2024

In early 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the out-break of a pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Faced with this scenario, major media outlets, such as Veja magazine from Grupo Abril, mobilized to deliver information to the public while also striving to survive in the market. The pandemic con-text thus fostered the creation of several covers, which this study aims to analyze to reconstruct the narrative told in 2020 and 2021 about the coronavirus pandemic. Through verbo-visual elements, it is possible to identify a succession of situated events that, amid discursive effects of reality and fiction, narrate the day-to-day of the global health crisis. Therefore, with the theoretical and meth-odological support of Semiolinguistic Discourse Analysis, created by Professor Patrick Charaudeau of Paris XIII University, this study aims to examine the narrative organization mode identified in the sequence of selected Veja covers for this study.
O tempo e a memória n’A Ignorância, de Milan Kundera
Authors: Silva Cláudia Alexandra Moreira da
Published: July 2024

This study aims to contribute to an analysis of time in Milan Kundera's novel "A Ignorância," based on the concept of the novel as a time configurator, according to the theoretical perspectives of Benveniste (1978), Oliveira and Lopes (1995), and Fonseca (1992; 1996). Thus, deic-tic elements were analyzed to highlight their contribution to creating an alternative world, rooted in the fictionality of the act of reference itself, through the transposition of enunciative coordinates from a "here/now" to a "there/then." The narrative illustrates how the main characters experience events based on a repository of knowledge and experiences—memory. The characters bring past moments into the present, making them current. However, as each one recalls only fragments of their lived experiences, the "common memory" they bring into an interaction act presents differ-ences, leading to significant communicative misunderstandings.
A prospective, open-label, non-randomised clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Imupsora in the treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Milind Patil  , Nikhil Chaudhari  , Rajan Chaudhari
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Imupsora Tablet and Ointment in Psoriasis. Material and Methods: A prospective, interventional clinical study was conducted on 50 patients of both sexes, aged between 18-55 years, confirmed with Psoriasis from clinical examination and who were willing to give informed consent. All patients received Imupsora Tablet at a dose of 2 tablets twice a day for 12 weeks and Imupsora Ointment to be applied over the affected areas thrice daily as a thin film and rubbed gently. All patients were evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks for parameters of Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI); Physician's and Patient's global assessment at end of the study. Observation: Imupsora Tablet and Ointment therapy reduced erythema, scaling, indurations and pruritus by 78.01%, 69.74%, 58.45%, and 56.80% respectively at the end of 12 weeks from baseline. The global assessment of response by physicians showed that 28% of patients showed a good improvement while another 60% showed fair improvement in their condition by the end of 12 weeks of treatment. Similarly, 46% and 42% of the patient's global assessment indicated fair and good response at the end of treatment respectively. Result: Imupsora Tablet and Ointment produced a significant reduction in all the inflammatory/metabolic parameters associated with Psoriasis assessed after 12 weeks of treatment. In addition, a significant improvement in Clinical Global Impression in efficacy and tolerability was also observed. No adverse events were reported by any patients. This indicates that Imupsora Tablet and Ointment is clinically effective and safe for Psoriasis.
Agni a Biotransformer
Authors: Halgekar Pooja , K N Rajashekhar  , Gayathri Holla
Published: July 2024

The concept of Agni is one of the most important contributions of Ayurveda to health care system. In Ayurveda, Agni has a significant role to maintain body homeostasis, body functioning, digestion and metabolism. Countless alterations happen in the body every second in the form of biochemical, biophysical, or other types of biotransformation. The entire spectrum of the body’s metabolic and digestive processes is managed by the Agni. According to function and site of action, Agni is divided into three types i.e. 1 Jatharagni, 5 Bhutagni and 7 Dhatwagni. Jatharagni is chief among all types of Agni’s because functions of Bhutagni and Dhatwagni depend on this. Jatharagni plays a key role in digestion of food-stuffs composed of the five basic elements and transforms it for utilization by the respective tissues. By this article an attempt has been made to describe the concepts of Agni in Ayurveda and its modern interpretations.
Literary study of Acharya Charaka’s Upama with special reference to Chikitsa Sthana
Authors: Rekha Sakkari  , Sapna Rajput
Published: July 2024

Ayurveda is a science of life, it has huge history of collection of many things related to basic knowledge about health, preventive measures of diseases and treatment aspects. These are explained in Vedas, Tantras and Samhitas. Initially Ayurveda concepts are in very congestive form and this knowledge transformed from Lord Brahma to other Acharyas without any edition. Later on our Acharyas segregated as per different subjects in the form of Astanga Ayurveda (8 branches of Ayurveda). To understand these concepts again many learning methods are introduced like Nyaya, Tantrayukti, Vadamarga, Upama and many more. Upama is resemblance. The knowledge obtained through similarity or resemblance is known as Upamiti and the media which supports the Upamiti is known as Upamana. Many of the Philosophers and Ayurveda Acharyas accepted as one of the Pramana. It is essential to analyse the principles to have deeper understanding of the Shastra. In this article the important section of Charaka Samhita i.e., Chikitsa sthana is taken to elaborate the Chikitsa principles with respect to Upama.
Use of Pipal tree (Ficus religiosa) extract in Lumbar Disc Lesion - Induced Neuropathy
Authors: Trikam Dangaria  , M.M. Oza  , Bhupesh Patel  , Rangnath Mishra  , Anand Srivastava
Published: July 2024

Incidences of neuropathic pain can occur following a lesion in or a disease of the somatosensory nervous system leading to problems of poor physical, cognitive, and psychosocial health. Roots of neuropathic pain can be in a number of diseases like diabetes mellitus, herpes zoster, cancer, spinal disorders, and human immunodeficiency virus infection as well as in some clinical interventions like chemotherapy and surgery, and in physical injuries like accidents and related trauma resulting in spinal cord injuries. Therefore, regimen of treatments varies according to the etiology and chronicity. Various types of treatments and medications are prevalently being used to alleviate neuropathic pain. These medicines have varying analgesic effects with frequent side effects including dependency issues. The idea of using herbal extract of Pipal tree (Ficus religiosa) for neuropathic pain was developed after extensive study of Ayurveda literature, discussion with Ayurveda experts while keeping in mind the descriptions about it in Indian ancient literature like Puranas and Shastras. So far specific chemicals extracted from Pipal are not scientifically studied for their effects on neurological conditions. However, recently it was reported that its biochemical contents have some neurotrophic effects. In order to assess the neurotrophic effects of Pipal extract and its beneficial effects in chronic neuropathic pain of lower limbs induced by lumbar disc lesions, we carried out a study. Our findings demonstrate that the herbal extract helped the patients without inciting any unwanted side effects.
Necessity of Ayurveda in prevention of life style diseases
Authors: Manoj Kumar Chauhan  , Manohar Ram  , Ramnihor Tapsi Jaiswal
Published: July 2024

Life Style diseases are those diseases whose occurrence is based on the daily habits of people and are a result of an in appropriate relationship of people with their environment. In recent decades, life style as an important factor of health is more interested by researchers. According to WHO, 60% of related factors to individual health and quality of life are correlated to lifestyle.[1] Today, chronic diseases are a major public health problem worldwide. In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 61% of all deaths 35 million and 49% of the global burden of disease were attributable to chronic diseases. By 2030, the proportion of total global deaths due to chronic diseases is expected to increase to 70% and the global burden of disease to 56%. The greatest increase is anticipated in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions. The major factors contributing to lifestyle disease included - Bad Food Habits, Physical inactivity, Disturbed Biological Clock. Ayurveda gives us a various method to manage lifestyle diseases by following Dinacharya, Ratricharya, Ritucharya, Panchakarma and Rasayana.
Post Covid Mental Health
Authors: Dinesh Chandra Joshi
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, swept across the globe, triggering unprecedented disruptions to health, economies, and societies. Emerging in late 2019, the virus rapidly spread worldwide, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare it a global pandemic in March 2020. This infectious respiratory illness presented a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild respiratory issues to severe pneumonia, and unfortunately, in some cases, resulted in death. The virus primarily spreads through respiratory droplets, necessitating measures like mask-wearing, social distancing, and frequent hand washing to mitigate transmission. Governments and health authorities worldwide implemented various containment measures, including lockdowns, travel restrictions, and vaccination campaigns, to curb the spread of the virus and alleviate its impact on healthcare systems. These measures, while vital, also had profound social, economic, and psychological consequences, exacerbating existing inequalities and vulnerabilities in societies. Efforts to combat the virus included the development and deployment of vaccines, offering hope for controlling the spread and reducing the severity of infections. However, new variants and ongoing challenges in vaccine distribution and hesitancy continued to impact efforts to achieve widespread immunity. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly reshaped the world, highlighting the interconnectedness of global health and emphasizing the importance of solidarity, scientific collaboration, and resilience in addressing such widespread challenges.
A conceptual study of Srotas and their importance in diagnosis of disease
Authors: Ravindra Narayan  , Bhumika Bhardwaj  , Harshika Bhardwaj  , Vikas Jadaun
Published: July 2024

The term Srotas derived from Sru Gatau Dhatu which means Gati or movement. Acharya Charaka says that Sravanat Srotamsi which means secretion or passes for secretion. Some Acharya says that Srotas are innumerable and some says numerable. The Srotas are similar in colour of that Dhatus which remain within it i.e., Swadhatusamvarnata. These are Vritta, Sthhoola, Anu, Deergha etc. in shape. Acharya Charaka explain 13 and Acharya Sushruta explain 11 pair of Srotas respectively. Acharya Vagbhata first classify the Srotas in to Antarmukh Srotas which are 13 in number and Bahirmukha Srotas which are 9 in number in males and 12 in number in females. Acharya Charaka says that if Srotas remain in Prakritibhutavastha then origin of disease not possible and if these are vitiated then Dhatus related to it and their path are also vitiated and produce disease. Acharya Sushruta mention that the vitiated Doshas can’t cause disease until Kha Vaigunya (weak point) is originated in the Srotas. In Ashtang Hridayam it is mentioned that vitiated Srotas are cause of disease and unvitiated Srotas are cause of health. The main cause of Srotadushti is the consumption of that Ahara Vihara which vitiate the Doshas and makes abnormal Dhatus. After vitiation of Srotas they show following clinical features: Atipravritti, Sanga, Siragranthi and Vimargagamana and produce mild to severe form of disease of different Srotas. On the basis of Nidan Sevan and Lakshana the disease are diagnosed.
Critical appraisal to evidence basis on Prakriti and its scientific correlation
Authors: Shraddha Shelke  , Babita Sharma
Published: July 2024

Every person has a distinct psychosomatic temperament a combination of physical, psychological, and behavioral traits. Knowledge about Prakriti is a prerequisite for assessment of Vikriti (pathology) hence it is important for diagnosis and therapeutics that’s why Prakriti assessment is included in Dashavidha Parikshaa and is considered in totality with an understanding of the other nine aspects. Methodology: This is conceptual type of study. All sorts of references has been collected and relevant material is compiled from various available Ayurvedic classics texts and available commentaries on it . Research articles are also searched from various websites.All compiled matter is reorganized and critically analyzed for the discussion and attempt has been made to draw some fruitful conclusions. Result: Understanding Prakriti is needed for evaluating Vikriti, which is one of the oldest conceptions of predictive, preventative, and personalized or genetic medicine as it predicts an individual’s response to environmental factors, medication, and susceptibility to diseases. It is advised in our compendia that before planning therapy, the physician must asses Manas Prakriti too which shows the strength of the mind and regulates the body because of its association with the soul. Here we made an effort to elaborate and connect the point from Samhitas to comprehend the role of Prakriti in the selection and establishment of every factor for which a person is going to interact from conception till death.
Review article on Agni Pareeksha
Authors: Sahana T.N  , Divya P  , Vardhaman Iraj
Published: July 2024

Agni has been accorded prime importance by all the Acharya’s, as it plays a crucial role in the digestion, disease manifestation and overall health. The vitality, strength, and longevity of an individual depends on Agni. According to its site of action and the function Agni has been categorized into 13 types: Jataragni (1), Dhatvagni (7), Bhutagni (5). Acharya Vagbhata stated that all the diseases result from Mandagni, thus assessing Agni Bala is essential for understanding the pathogenesis (Samprapti) of the disease, planning treatment and determining prognosis. Anumana Pramana, Lakshana of Mandagni Vishamagni, Teekshnagni, Vyadhi based assessments can help to evaluate Jataragni, While the status of Dhatvagni can be inferred from the symptoms of Dhatu Vruddhi and Kshaya. Therefore, a physician’s path in treating a patient is significantly influenced by Agni assessment.
Role of Virechana Karma in management of Psoriasis w.s.r. to Ekakushtha - A Case Study
Authors: Himanshu  , Ashish Mehta  , Mamta Rana
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Psoriasis is one of the most common dermatologic diseases. A 24 years old female presenting complain of large itchy, erythematous plaques with dry scaling all over the body include scalp and nails. The patient had taken allopathic medicine irregularly from many skins specialist but did not get relief. Patient is diagnosed with psoriasis or Ekakushtha and treated with shodhan therapy as Virechana karma. Objective: To evaluate the effect of Virechan in Psoriasis w.s.r. to Ekakushtha. Materials & Methods:  Deepan, Pachana with Chitrakadi Vati and Ajmodadi Churana for 5 days and Snehpana with Panchtikta Ghrita for 7 days. External Snehana, Swedana for 3 days. Virechana is done with the help of Trivrit Avaleha dose of 80 gm followed by Samsarjana Karma for 5 days as Pashchat Karma in the management of psoriasis. Result: After Virechana therapy, there was a reduction in the redness, itching and scaling of the plaque in the 7 days. Discussion: Psoriasis is one of the most common skin disorders and a chronic dermatologic condition marked by periodic flare-ups of sharply defined red patches, covered by a silvery, flaky surface. In Kushtha, Rakta is considered as one of the main Dhatu which is responsible for Prasara stage of Kushtha Samprapti. As the Pitta and Rakta have Ashreya- Ashryi relationship, treatment modality of Pitta Dosha and Rakta Dhatu resemble each other. Therefore, Virechana therapy is used in this case for Shodhan Karma.
A case report on Ayurvedic management in Secondary Infertility due to Artava Kshaya
Authors: Srushti Susarla  , Anupama V  , Sowmya G
Published: July 2024

Background: Female infertility treatment has witnessed global growth in recent years,[1] yet despite advancements in medical strategies, many couples still face unsuccessful treatment attempts.[2] Complementary and alternative medicine, such as Ayurveda, has garnered attention as an alternative option for infertility treatment, offering a range of inpatient and outpatient interventions. Case report: This report highlights the case of a 31-year-old woman suffering from Vandhyatva due to Artava Kshaya, trying to conceive since the past 9 years. After one natural conception followed by a spontaneous abortion, and six years of unsuccessful conventional fertility treatments, the patient turned to Ayurvedic care. Undergoing a multi-staged Ayurvedic treatment, various Panchakarma therapies including Vamana, Virechana, Yogabasti, Nasya, Matra-Basti and Uttarabasti, including oral medication, dietary and lifestyle adjustments, and spiritual elements, the patient successfully conceived and delivered a healthy baby in 2023. Conclusion: Ayurveda presents a promising avenue for addressing infertility when conventional treatments fail. However, the evidence supporting Ayurvedic interventions remains limited and necessitates robust clinical trials. Emphasizing holistic health improvement, the Ayurvedic approach to fertility aims to enhance overall well-being, potentially increasing the likelihood of successful pregnancy outcomes. Further research is warranted on large scale to establish the efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic interventions in female infertility management.
A case study on management of Sheetapitta with special reference to Chronic Urticaria
Authors: Diksha P. Nandurkar  , Kalpana R. Chavhan
Published: July 2024

Background: Sheetapitta is one of the Twak Vikara mentioned in ancient Ayurvedic Samhita. Sheetapitta is Tridoshaj Vyadhi occurs after exposure to cold breeze. This dominantly leads to the vitiation of Kapha and Vata Dosha associated with Pitta Dosha and circulate all over the body manifesting as maculopapular rash. The symptoms include Varti Damshavat Shotha and Kandu due to dominance of Kapha, Shula due to Vata and Daha caused by vitiation of Pitta Dosha. Sheetapitta can be correlated with urticaria due to resemblance of etiological factors and symptomatology. Aim & Objectives: The aim of the study is to access the efficacy of Ayurvedic management (Shaman Chikitsa) in Sheetapitta. Materials & Methods: It is a single case study. A 44 year old female patient presented with complaints of elevated reddish irregular lesions associated with gradual onset of itching and burning sensation all over the body since 4 months. Itching starts immediately after the consumption of food items like non-veg, spices, citrus fruits, oily food, dry fruits and nuts. The symptoms aggravated more in the night time and gradually subside in the morning. The diagnosis was done as Sheetapitta. Result: Ayurvedic management was done by using Shaman Chikitsa can effectively manage Sheetapitta (urticaria) and improved the quality of life of patient. Conclusion: This case report shows that the classical Sheetapitta treatment was significantly effective in treating urticaria.