bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Anima as an Archetype of Human Resilience in the Face of Calamity1
Authors: Kuang Mei‐Fun
Published: March 2023

This paper will provide a theoretical basis for looking at a dream in the analysis of a client during a calamity. Finding the archetype of the anima is a way of responding to a crisis, in this case to the COVID‐19 pandemic period. With all the basic instincts disrupted by a catastrophe, the emergence of the anima, as archetype of life, is there to remind us how to survive and recover. The anima archetype, often representing psychological resilience in ancient myths, shows up in dreams to guide human transformation from the struggle to survive trauma to the art of living a full life.
Atrial natriuretic peptide in the prevention of acute renal dysfunction after heart transplantation—a randomized placebo‐controlled double‐blind trial
Authors: Tholén Maria , Kolsrud Oscar , Dellgren Göran , Karason Kristjan , Lannemyr Lukas , Ricksten Sven‐Erik
Published: March 2023

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal dysfunction after heart transplantation are common and serious complications. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been shown to increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and exert renoprotective effects when used for the prevention/treatment of AKI in cardiac surgery. We tested the hypothesis that intraoperative and postoperative administration of ANP could prevent a postoperative decrease in renal function early after heart transplantation.

Methods

Seventy patients were randomized to receive either ANP (50 ng/kg/min) (n = 33) or placebo (n = 37) starting after induction of anesthesia and continued for 4 days after heart transplantation or until treatment with dialysis was started. The primary end‐point of the present study was measured GFR (mGFR) at day 4, assessed by plasma clearance of a renal filtration marker. Also, the incidence of postoperative AKI and dialysis were assessed.

Results

Median (IQR) mGFR at day 4 postoperatively was 60.0 (57.0) and 50.1 (36.3) ml/min/1.72 m2 for the placebo and ANP groups, respectively (p = .705). During ongoing ANP infusion, the need for dialysis was 21.6% and 9.1% for the placebo and ANP groups, respectively (p = .197). The incidences of AKI for the placebo and the ANP groups were 76.5% and 63.6%, respectively (p = .616). The incidences of AKI stage 1 were 32.4% and 21.2% for the placebo and ANP groups, respectively (p = .420) and for AKI stage 2 or 3, 37.8% and 42.4%, respectively (p = .808).

Conclusion

The study failed to detect that ANP infusion attenuates renal dysfunction or decreases the incidence of AKI after heart transplantation.
Critical analysis of integration of ICT and data analytics into the accounting curriculum: A multidimensional perspective
Authors: Birt Jacqueline , Safari Maryam , de Castro Vincent Bicudo
Published: March 2023

Undertaking a multistage qualitative approach, this study explores the accounting profession's demands for information communication technology (ICT) skills as well as the opportunities, challenges and influential factors that accounting academics encounter in embedding ICT and data analytics skills in the accounting curriculum. We employ content analysis of the course syllabi of all major Australian and New Zealand universities using term frequency‐inverse document frequency (TF‐IDF), and survey accounting heads of departments (or equivalents) and interview members of the industry. Our findings reveal diverse pedagogical approaches to embedding ICT and data analytics in the accounting curriculum. The findings also portray the gap between university accounting curricula and the professional bodies' ICT competencies requirements at the point of data collection. As such, challenges and future opportunities for the integration of topics related to ICT and data analytics are identified, which should be beneficial to academics and practitioners interested in future‐oriented curriculum designs that are fundamental to accounting graduates and the future of the profession.
Scanning electron microscopic characterizations of the tongue of the Nubian goat (Capra aegagrus hircus): A specialized focus on its papillary system adaptation to Egyptian environmental conditions
Authors: Abumandour Mohamed M. A. , Eldefrawy Fatma , Morsy Kareem , El‐Bakary Neveen , Hanafy Basma G.
Published: March 2023

The current investigation was focused on describing the gross and scanning electron features of the Nubian goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) tongue, with new insights into its papillary adaptation to the Egyptian environment. The elongated tongue had a rostral free and the caudal fixed. The ventral apical surface is classified into the smaller rostral papillary region on the tip and the larger non‐papillary region by the U‐line of filiform papillae. Functionally, there are two papillary types: mechanical (filiform, conical and lentiform in addition to the longitudinal row of large conical papilla on the lateral of the body) and gustatory (fungiform and circumvallate). Filiform papillae were densely distributed on the dorsal surface of the apex and body, and on the lateral apical border and lateral surface of the body and root, in addition to the ventral surface of the tip. This filiform papillary system gives a raspy appearance to the dorsal surface. The conical and lentiform papillae were limited to the torus linguae. Circumvallate papillae are surrounded by an annular groove and slightly vallum. The lingual root was devoid of any papillae. Lingual papillary subtypes are filiform papillae (elongated and triangular), conical papillae (elongated and oval) and fungiform papillae (round and ovoid). The investigated Nubian goat may have developed a specialized papillary system due to regional differences in the distribution, structure and subtypes of the system, allowing it to adapt to the dried grasses and leaves of trees and bushes that are available in Upper Egypt's dry, hot climate.
Paracetamol use in pregnancy: Not as safe as we may think?
Authors: Nilsen Katinka , Staff Anne Cathrine , Krogsrud Stine Kleppe
Published: March 2023

Paracetamol is used by more than 50% of women worldwide during pregnancy; headache representing the most frequent indication. Several studies report that long‐term exposure to paracetamol in utero is associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children, indicating a dose–response effect. However, less or no risk is found to be associated with short‐term exposure. Paracetamol most likely crosses the placenta through passive diffusion, and there are several possible mechanisms for how paracetamol might affect fetal brain development. Although the literature suggests an association between prenatal paracetamol exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes, the role of confounders cannot be ruled out. Consequently, as a precaution, we believe that pregnant women should be recommended ideally to only use paracetamol to treat conditions that might harm the fetus, such as severe pain or a high fever. This Comment aims to put focus on the potential fetal risks of paracetamol exposure in utero.
Paradoxical decrease of imitation performance with age in children
Authors: Ottoboni Giovanni , Toraldo Alessio , Proietti Riccardo , Cangelosi Angelo , Tessari Alessia
Published: March 2023

Imitation development was studied in a cross‐sectional design involving 174 primary‐school children (aged 6–10), focusing on the effect of actions' complexity and error analysis to infer the underlying cognitive processes. Participants had to imitate the model's actions as if they were in front of a mirror (‘specularly’). Complexity varied across three levels: movements of a single limb; arm and leg of the same body side; or arm and leg of opposite body sides. While the overall error rate decreased with age, this was not true of all error categories. The rate of ‘side’ errors (using a limb of the wrong body side) paradoxically increased with age (from 9 years). However, with increasing age, the error rate also became less sensitive to the complexity of the action. This pattern is consistent with the hypothesis that older children have the working memory (WM) resources and the body knowledge necessary to imitate ‘anatomically’, which leads to additional side errors. Younger children might be paradoxically free from such interference because their WM and/or body knowledge are insufficient for anatomical imitation. Yet, their limited WM resources would prevent them from successfully managing the conflict between spatial codes involved in complex actions (e.g. moving the left arm and the right leg). We also found evidence that action side and content might be stored in separate short‐term memory (STM) systems: increasing the number of sides to be encoded only affected side retrieval, but not content retrieval; symmetrically, increasing the content (number of movements) of the action only affected content retrieval, but not side retrieval. In conclusion, results suggest that anatomical imitation might interfere with specular imitation at age 9 and that STM storages for side and content of actions are separate.
Show me your friends, I'll tell you your emotions: Emotional fit of immigrant‐origin minority youth in cross‐cultural friendship networks
Authors: Jasini Alba , De Leersnyder Jozefien , Gagliolo Matteo , Kende Judit , Phalet Karen , Mesquita Batja
Published: March 2023

The typical emotional responses to certain types of situations differ across cultures. Being reprimanded by your teacher in front of the class may be cause for anger and indignation among pupils in one cultural context, but for anger, shame, and possibly respect for the teacher among pupils in another cultural context. The consequence for immigrant‐origin minorities is that they may not fit the emotions of the majority culture. Previous research has found that minorities who have majority contact have higher emotional fit with the majority culture. In the current study, we suggest thatfriendships with majority peersare particularly important to minorities' emotional fit. Students (945 minority and 1256 majority) from a representative sample of Belgian middle schools completed a sociometric questionnaire on their classroom friendships and rated their emotional experiences in two situations. Multilevel models yielded higher levels of emotional fit for minority youth with many (vs. few) majority friends as well as for minorities whose majority friends are connected (vs. less connected) to each other, or who are well‐connected in the majority peer network. Having majority friends predicted emotional fit over and above majority contact in general.
Single‐nucleus RNA sequencing unveils critical regulators in various hippocampal neurons for anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Bai Yunmeng , Liu Zhuhe , Qian Tinglin , Peng Yu , Ma Huan , Hu Hong , Cheng Guangqing , Wen Haixia , Xie Lulin , Zheng Dong , Geng Qingshan , Wang Jigang , Wang Honghao
Published: March 2023

Anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a neuropsychiatric disease with variable clinical manifestations caused by NMDAR autoantibody. The underlying molecular underpinnings of this disease are rarely characterized on a genomic scale. Anti‐NMDAR encephalitis mainly affects the hippocampus, however, its effect on gene expression in hippocampal neurons is unclear at present. Here, we construct the active and passive immunization mouse models of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, and use single‐nucleus RNA sequencing to investigate the diverse expression profile of neuronal populations isolated from different hippocampal regions. Dramatic changes in cell proportions and differentially expressed genes were observed in excitatory neurons of the dentate gyrus (DG) subregion. In addition, we found that ATP metabolism and biosynthetic regulators related genes in excitatory neurons of DG subregion were significantly affected. Kcnq1ot1 in inhibitory neurons and Meg3 in interneurons also changed. Notably, the latter two molecules exhibited opposite changes in different models. Therefore, the above genes were used as potential targets for further research on the pathological process of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. These data involve various hippocampal neurons, which delineate a framework for understanding the hippocampal neuronal circuit and the potential molecular mechanisms of anti‐NMDAR encephalitis.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor δ improves the features of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability by regulating smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching
Authors: Lien Chih‐Feng , Lin Chin‐Sheng , Shyue Song‐Kun , Hsieh Po‐Shiuan , Chen Sy‐Jou , Lin Yi‐Tan , Chien Shu , Tsai Min‐Chien
Published: March 2023

Background and Purpose

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) undergo phenotypic switching during sustained inflammation, contributing to an unfavourable atherosclerotic plaque phenotype. PPARδ plays an important role in regulating SMC functions; however, its role in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability remains unclear. Here, we explored the pathological roles of PPARδ in atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in severe atherosclerosis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.

Experimental Approach

Plasma levels of PPARδ were measured in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable angina (SA). SMC contractile and synthetic phenotypic markers, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and features of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability were analysed for the brachiocephalic artery of apolipoprotein E‐knockout (ApoE−/−) mice, fed a high‐cholesterol diet (HCD) and treated with or without the PPARδ agonist GW501516. In vitro, the role of PPARδ was elucidated using human aortic SMCs (HASMCs).

Key Results

Patients with ACS had significantly lower plasma PPARδ levels than those with SA. GW501516 reduced atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, a synthetic SMC phenotype, ER stress markers, and NLRP3 inflammasome expression in HCD‐fed ApoE−/− mice. ER stress suppressed PPARδ expression in HASMCs. PPARδ activation inhibited ER stress‐induced synthetic phenotype development, ER stress‐NLRP3 inflammasome axis activation and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression in HASMCs. PPARδ inhibited NFκB signalling and alleviated ER stress‐induced SMC phenotypic switching.

Conclusions and Implications

Low plasma PPARδ levels may be associated with atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of PPARδ on SMC phenotypic switching and improvement the features of atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability.
Staff experience of a new approach to family safeguarding in OxfordshireChildren's Social Care Services
Authors: Buivydaite Ruta , Morgan Mia , Irving Dulcie , Carter James , Farncombe Hannah , Vincent Charles
Published: March 2023

This paper presents the findings from a qualitative study that sought to understand the experiences of frontline staff working in Oxfordshire County Council (OCC) Children's Social Care Services and their views on a new family safeguarding model (Family Solutions Plus). Focus group interviews were conducted with 20 frontline staff and managers in different teams across OCC Children's Social Care Services using video conferencing software. Thematic analysis identified three overarching themes: Preparation for the implementation of Family Solutions Plus, staff views on the implemented model, and challenges to its implementation. Staff voiced strong support for the new model, which places a much greater emphasis than previous practice on supporting the whole family, developing parenting skills and keeping children safe with their families. The challenges associated with the transition to a new model were considerable in the short term, partly due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, but there was optimism that the new model could be sustained and stabilized over time.
Deep brain stimulation improves central nervous system inflammation in Parkinson's disease: Evidence and perspectives
Authors: Chang Lei , Dong Wen‐Wen , Luo Bei , Qiu Chang , Lu Yue , Lin Xing‐Jian , Zhang Wen‐Bin
Published: March 2023

Background

In Parkinson's disease (PD), inflammation may lead to the degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Previous studies showed that inflammatory mediators mainly contributed to this phenomenon. On the other hand, invasive neuromodulation methods such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) have better therapeutic effects for PD. One possibility is that DBS improves PD by influencing inflammation. Therefore, we further explored the mechanisms underlying inflammatory mediators and DBS in the pathogenesis of PD.

Methods

We measured serum levels of two inflammatory markers, namely RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), using Luminex assays in 109 preoperative DBS PD patients, 49 postoperative DBS PD patients, and 113 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. The plasma protein data of the different groups were then statistically analyzed.

Results

RANTES (p < 0.001) and TNF‐α (p = 0.005) levels differed significantly between the three groups. A strong and significant correlation between RANTES levels and Hoehn‐Yahr (H‐Y) stage was observed in preoperative PD patients (rs = 0.567, p < 0.001). Significant correlations between RANTES levels and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III) score (rs1 = 0.644, p = 0.033 and rs2 = 0.620, p = 0.042) were observed in matched patients. No correlation was observed for TNF‐α levels.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that PD patients have a persistent inflammatory profile, possibly via recruitment of activated monocytes, macrophages, and T lymphocytes to the central nervous system (CNS). DBS was shown to have a significant therapeutic effect on PD, which may arise by improving the inflammatory environment of the central nervous system.
Creative thinking and brain network development in schoolchildren
Authors: Duval Philippe Eon , Fornari Eleonora , Décaillet Marion , Ledoux Jean‐Baptiste , Beaty Roger E. , Denervaud Solange
Published: March 2023

Fostering creative minds has always been a premise to ensure adaptation to new challenges of human civilization. While some alternative educational settings (i.e., Montessori) were shown to nurture creative skills, it is unknown how they impact underlying brain mechanisms across the school years. This study assessed creative thinking and resting‐state functional connectivity via fMRI in 75 children (4–18 y.o.) enrolled either in Montessori or traditional schools. We found that pedagogy significantly influenced creative performance and underlying brain networks. Replicating past work, Montessori‐schooled children showed higher scores on creative thinking tests. Using static functional connectivity analysis, we found that Montessori‐schooled children showed decreased within‐network functional connectivity of the salience network. Moreover, using dynamic functional connectivity, we found that traditionally‐schooled children spent more time in a brain state characterized by high intra‐default mode network connectivity. These findings suggest that pedagogy may influence brain networks relevant to creative thinking—particularly the default and salience networks. Further research is needed, like a longitudinal study, to verify these results given the implications for educational practitioners. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWV_5o8wB5g .

Research Highlights

Most executive jobs are prospected to be obsolete within several decades, so creative skills are seen as essential for the near future.

School experience has been shown to play a role in creativity development, however, the underlying brain mechanisms remained under‐investigated yet.

Seventy‐five 4–18 years‐old children, from Montessori or traditional schools, performed a creativity task at the behavioral level, and a 6‐min resting‐state MR scan.

We uniquely report preliminary evidence for the impact of pedagogy on functional brain networks.
Larval cyathostominosis: Clinicopathological data and treatment outcomes of 38 hospitalised horses (2009–2020)
Authors: Lawson April L. , Malalana Fernando , Mair Tim S.
Published: March 2023

Background

There is limited evidence regarding the treatment and outcomes of larval cyathostominosis.

Objectives

To describe the presentation, treatment and outcomes of horses with larval cyathostominosis in two equine hospitals.

Study design

Retrospective, multicentred cohort study.

Methods

Clinical records were reviewed (2009–2020). Inclusion criteria included a diagnosis of larval cyathostominosis (determined by faecal assessment and/or post‐mortem examination). Data were assessed for normality. Descriptive analysis was performed for frequency results and central tendencies. Statistical analysis between survivors and nonsurvivors was determined by Chi‐square/Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, and Student'st‐test/Mann–Whitney for continuous variables.

Results

Of 38 cases, 21 (55%) were nonsurvivors (3/38 dead on arrival). Nonsurvivors died by 2.9 days ± 2.4. Tachycardia (mean 61 beats/min ± 14), leucocytosis (mean 17.1 × 109/L ± 9.1), neutrophilia (mean 14.1 × 109/L ± 8.5), hypoalbuminaemia (mean 21.6 g/L ± 6.0), hyperfibrinogenaemia (mean 7.4 g/L ± 2.6) and elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) (median 315.0 mg/L, interquartile range [IQR] 117.0–1460.0) were consistent findings. Faecal shedding ofSalmonellaspp. occurred in four cases. The mean last recorded albumin was 18.6 g/L ± 4.5 and total protein (TP) 52.3 g/L ± 13.6. Crystalloids were administered in 25/35, synthetic colloids in 5/35 and plasma in 17/35 cases. Anthelmintic treatment was administered in 25/35 cases, of which 22 also received corticosteroids. Recumbency prior to admission (p = 0.037) and administration of isotonic fluid therapy (p = 0.027) were associated with nonsurvival. From peripheral blood analysis, lower TP (p = 0.006) and higher SAA (p = 0.050) concentrations at admission as well as lower last recorded TP (p = 0.002) and lower last recorded albumin concentrations (p = 0.028) were associated with nonsurvival.

Main limitations

Results may not be applicable to other populations.

Conclusions

Referred cases of larval cyathostominosis have a low survival rate. Several variables are associated with reduced survival: history of recumbency, isotonic fluid therapy, elevated SAA at admission, low TP at admission, low last recorded TP and low last recorded albumin.
What makes people feel loved? An exploratory study on core elements of love across family, romantic, and friend relationships
Authors: Xia Mengya , Chen Yi , Dunne Shannon
Published: March 2023

With research long focusing on distinct characteristics of different love types, little is known about love as a general feeling across relationship contexts. To explore the core elements of love as perceived by laypeople and whether these elements weigh differently in different relationships, grounded theory was used to analyze open‐ended responses from 468 individuals about their feeling loved in family, romantic, and friend relationships. Results indicated that the feeling of love is an interpersonal process in which one receives positive responsiveness from the other and experiences an authentic connection with the other, consistently across conditions and time (i.e., in a sense of stability); three core elements were shared across family, romantic, and friend relationships. Chi‐square independence tests revealed differentiated weights for love elements in three relationships, which corresponded to the prototypical love definition in family, romantic, and friend relationships. Findings suggested an integrated theoretical conceptualization of love as a shared feeling and asset across relationships, which provided important insights on love conceptualization, assessment, and study design, as well as implications for the treatment of dysfunctional relationships, best practices in daily interpersonal interactions, and improvement in intervention and therapy.
Multimethod analysis of three rotary instruments produced by electric discharge machining technology
Authors: Silva Emmanuel J. N. L. , Ajuz Natasha C. , Martins Jorge N. R. , Antunes Bernardo R. , Lima Carolina O. , Vieira Victor T. L. , Braz‐Fernandes Francisco Manuel , Versiani Marco A.
Published: March 2023

Aim

This study aimed to compare three rotary instruments produced by the EDM process with the heat‐treated ProTaper Gold system regarding design, metallurgy, mechanical properties and shaping ability.

Methodology

HyFlex EDM (25/~), Neoniti (25/.06), EDMax (25/.06) and ProTaper Gold (25/.08v) instruments (n = 58 per group) were compared regarding design, metallurgy and mechanical performance. Unprepared canal areas were calculated for each system after preparation of mesiobuccal, mesiolingual and distal canals of mandibular molars (15 canals per group) using micro‐CT technology. Statistical analyses were performed using One‐way anova post‐hoc Tukey and Kruskal–Wallis post‐hoc Dunn's tests (α = 5%).

Results

All instruments had asymmetrical blades, no radial lands, no major defects and almost equiatomic nickel/titanium ratios, but different cross‐section designs, tip geometries and surface appearances. Although instruments had distinct transformation temperature curves, they showed crystallographic martensitic arrangement at 21°C and mixed austenite plus R‐phase at body temperature. Neoniti and HyFlex EDM showed similar results in all mechanical tests (p > .05), while EDMax and ProTaper Gold had similar time to fracture (p = .841), maximum bending load (p = .729), and cutting ability (p = .985). ProTaper Gold showed the highest torque to failure (p < .001) and HyFlex EDM had the lowest buckling resistance (p < .001). Mean percentages of unprepared canal areas ranged from 20.4% to 25.7% in the mesial canals, and from 20.8% to 26.2% in the distal canal, with no statistical differences among systems (p > .05).

Conclusions

Instruments' geometry and phase transformation temperatures influenced the results of the mechanical tests, but not their shaping ability.
Research Review: Integrated healthcare for children and young people in secondary/tertiary care – a systematic review
Authors: Pygott Naomi , Hartley Alex , Seregni Francesca , Ford Tamsin J. , Goodyer Ian M. , Necula Andreea , Banu Arina , Anderson Joanna K.
Published: March 2023

Background

Children and young people (CYP) with comorbid physical and/or mental health conditions often struggle to receive a timely diagnosis, access specialist mental health care, and more likely to report unmet healthcare needs. Integrated healthcare is an increasingly explored model to support timely access, quality of care and better outcomes for CYP with comorbid conditions. Yet, studies evaluating the effectiveness of integrated care for paediatric populations are scarce.

Aim and Methods

This systematic review synthesises and evaluates the evidence for effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of integrated care for CYP in secondary and tertiary healthcare settings. Studies were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases: Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, Child Development and Adolescent Studies, ERIC, ASSIA and British Education Index.

Findings

A total of 77 papers describing 67 unique studies met inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that integrated care models, particularly system of care and care coordination, improve access and user experience of care. The results on improving clinical outcomes and acute resource utilisation are mixed, largely due to the heterogeneity of studied interventions and outcome measures used. No definitive conclusion can be drawn on cost‐effectiveness since studies focused mainly on costs of service delivery. The majority of studies were rated as weak by the quality appraisal tool used.

Conclusions

The evidence of on clinical effectiveness of integrated healthcare models for paediatric populations is limited and of moderate quality. Available evidence is tentatively encouraging, particularly in regard to access and user experience of care. Given the lack of specificity by medical groups, however, the precise model of integration should be undertaken on a best‐practice basis taking the specific parameters and contexts of the health and care environment into account. Agreed practical definitions of integrated care and associated key terms, and cost‐effectiveness evaluations are a priority for future research.
Clinical benefit and tolerance profile of a keratolytic and hydrating shampoo in subjects with mild to moderate psoriasis. Results from a double‐blind, randomized, vehicle‐controlled study
Authors: Massiot Philippe , Pinto Pedro Contreiras , Leclerc‐Mercier Stephanie , Rasmont Virginie , Piraccini Bianca Maria , Rudnicka Lidia , Reygagne Pascal , Melo Daniel Fernandes , Vano‐Galvan Sergio , Wu Wen‐Yu , Kerob Delphine
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Scalp psoriasis frequently goes with other disease location and may lead to a significant burden and impairment of quality of life (QoL). Adherence to local treatments is a frequent problem. A keratolytic and hydrating shampoo containing 2% salicylic acid, 5% urea, and 1% glycerin (active shampoo) has been developed for psoriasis‐prone scalp.

Objective

To assess the efficacy and tolerability of an active shampoo in subjects with mild to moderate scalp psoriasis.

Materials and methods

A single‐center, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled study was conducted on 67 adults with mild to moderate psoriasis. The active shampoo or its vehicle were applied daily for 14 days and 3 times/week for another 14 days. Assessments included the Psoriasis Scalp Severity Index (PSSI), Investigator Global Assessment (IGA), calculated total surface affected hair, scalp greasiness, irritation, and assessed scalp dermatitis–specific quality‐of‐life issues using SCALPDEX and product acceptability.

Results

The active shampoo significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the PSSI by 39.0%, 37.2%, 63.0%, and 69.0% immediately after washing compared to a 22.8%, 5.5%, 19.6%, and 13.0% with the vehicle at Days 1, 8, 15, and 30, respectively. SCALPDEX items, IGA, and irritation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced with the active shampoo. Hair and scalp greasiness improved continuously with both products until Day 21. Subject‐reported symptom scores paralleled the positive evolution of clinical signs. The active shampoo was well tolerated, subjects were highly satisfied and had an improved QoL.

Conclusion

The active shampoo significantly improved clinical signs, symptoms, and QoL of mild‐to‐moderate scalp psoriasis compared to the vehicle. It was very well tolerated and highly appreciated by the subjects.
The economics of standards: A literature review
Authors: Yang Lijuan
Published: March 2023

The economics of standards pertains to the investigation of economic problems related to standards. It was established as a field of research between 2000 and 2010 and has developed rapidly since. Focusing on the relevant theories, methods, and issues, this article systematically summarizes and evaluates the extant literature on the economics of standards. The theory section concentrates on the classification, supply–demand, and economic effects of standards. The method section expands on these theoretical and empirical dimensions, while the final issue section focuses on standards alongside economic growth, trade, and innovation. The study's findings have implications for promoting teaching and research on the economics of standards and improving the practice of standardization.
Visibility Bias in the Transmission of Consumption Beliefs and Undersaving
Authors: HAN BING , HIRSHLEIFER DAVID , WALDEN JOHAN
Published: March 2023

We model visibility bias in the social transmission of consumption behavior. When consumption is more salient than nonconsumption, people perceive that others are consuming heavily, and infer that future prospects are favorable. This increases aggregate consumption in a positive feedback loop. A distinctive implication is that disclosure policy interventions can ameliorate undersaving. In contrast with wealth‐signaling models, information asymmetry about wealthreducesoverconsumption. The model predicts that saving is influenced by social connectedness, observation biases, and demographic structure, and provides new insight into savings rates. These predictions are distinct from other common models of consumption distortions.
Momentary assessment of the relations between narcissistic traits, interpersonal behaviors, and aggression
Authors: Du Tianwei V. , Lane Sean P. , Miller Joshua D. , Lynam Donald R.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

This study explores the associations among narcissistic traits, interpersonal behaviors, and aggression using repeated, situation‐based measurement. We examine narcissism's relations with aggression across three levels of its theorized hierarchy (level 1: narcissism; level 2: grandiose vs. vulnerable narcissism; level 3: antagonism, agentic extraversion, and narcissistic neuroticism).

Methods

Using an experience‐sampling approach, the current study examined the effects of narcissism and its finer‐grained components on daily affective experiences and aggressive behaviors in the context of interpersonal interactions. Data were collected from 477 undergraduate students who were instructed to complete four prompts a day for ten consecutive days.

Results

Narcissism at the global construct level positively predicted multiple indices of episodic aggression (i.e., aggressive temper, aggressive urge, verbal aggression). At the dual‐dimension level, grandiose narcissism specifically predicted aggression, and then at the trifurcated level, interpersonal antagonism predicted aggression by itself and in interaction with event‐level negative affect. Negative affect consistently exhibited both within‐ and between‐person effects on aggression.

Conclusion

In real‐life social interactions, narcissism dimensions differentially affect the way individuals experience social interactions and process negative affect, and thus in both research and clinical practice, narcissism is best assessed as a heterogeneous, multidimensional construct.
An in vitro study into three different PRF preparations for osteogenesis potential
Authors: Kosmidis Kostantinos , Ehsan Karishma , Pitzurra Luciano , Loos Bruno , Jansen Ineke
Published: March 2023

Objective

To investigate the effect of Advanced Platelet‐Rich Fibrin (A‐PRF+), Leukocyte Platelet‐Rich Fibrin (L‐PRF), and injectable Platelet‐Rich Fibrin (i‐PRF) on osteogenesis of a human osteoblast‐like cell line in vitro.

Background

Different PRF protocols are used in clinical dentistry in the last years. Recent literature documented the positive impact of PRF derivatives in vivo and in vitro, on different types of cells. However, hardly any literature comparing the new protocols for PRF (the A‐PRF+ and i‐PRF) with the original protocol of PRF (L‐PRF) is present for osteoblast‐like cells.

Materials and Methods

A‐PRF+, L‐PRF, and i‐PRF were prepared from six male donors and pre‐cultured with 10 mL culture medium for 6 days. 5 x 103 cells/ml osteoblasts from the osteoblast cell line (U2OS) were seeded and cultured either with conditioned medium derived from the different PRF conditions or with regular culture medium. At five different time points (0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days), the osteogenic capacity of the cells was assessed with Alizarin Red S to visualize mineralization. Also in these cells, the calcium concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity were investigated. Using qPCR, the expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteonectin, ICAM‐1, RUNX‐2, and collagen 1a was assessed.

Results

In osteoblast‐like cells cultured with conditioned medium, the A‐PRF+ conditioned medium induced more mineralization and calcium production after 28 days of culturing compared with the control (p < .05). No significant differences were found in the extent of cell proliferation between the different conditions. RUNX‐2 and osteonectin mRNA expression in the cells were lower in all PRF‐stimulated cultures compared with control at different time points. The i‐PRF‐conditioned medium induced more ALP activity (p < .05) compared with control and osteoblasts‐like cells differentiated more compared with osteoblasts cultured with L‐PRF.

Conclusions

The three PRF preparations seem to have the capacity to increase the osteogenic potential of osteoblast‐like cells. A‐PRF+ seems to have the highest potential for mineralization, while i‐PRF seems to have the potential to enhance early cell differentiation.
Sleep electroencephalography biomarkers of cognition in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Gu Yusing , Gagnon Jean‐François , Kaminska Marta
Published: March 2023

Obstructive sleep apnea has been associated with cognitive impairment and may be linked to disorders of cognitive function. These associations may be a result of intermittent hypoxaemia, sleep fragmentation and changes in sleep microstructure in obstructive sleep apnea. Current clinical metrics of obstructive sleep apnea, such as the apnea–hypopnea index, are poor predictors of cognitive outcomes in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep microstructure features, which can be identified on sleep electroencephalography of traditional overnight polysomnography, are increasingly being characterized in obstructive sleep apnea and may better predict cognitive outcomes. Here, we summarize the literature on several major sleep electroencephalography features (slow‐wave activity, sleep spindles, K‐complexes, cyclic alternating patterns, rapid eye movement sleep quantitative electroencephalography, odds ratio product) identified in obstructive sleep apnea. We will review the associations between these sleep electroencephalography features and cognition in obstructive sleep apnea, and examine how treatment of obstructive sleep apnea affects these associations. Lastly, evolving technologies in sleep electroencephalography analyses will also be discussed (e.g. high‐density electroencephalography, machine learning) as potential predictors of cognitive function in obstructive sleep apnea.
Nitrogen and phosphorus budgets of a polyculture system containing Penaeus vannamei, Siganus guttatus, and Selenotoca multifasciata
Authors: Wang Jinjiao , Luo Dongshui , Liu Jianyong
Published: March 2023

The study was designed and conducted to optimize the structure of polyculture for Penaeus vannamei, Siganus guttatus (omnivorous fish), and Selenotoca multifasciata (carnivorous fish), and to compare the changes in yield, survival, and utilization rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Five treatments were performed as follows: Control (C) (0.0719 kg/m3, 0, 0), PSS1(0.0719 kg/m3, 0.0018 kg/m3, 0.0008 kg/m3), PSS2 (0.0719 kg/m3, 0.0033 kg/m3, 0.0016 kg/m3), PSS3 (0.0719 kg/m3, 0.0047 kg/m3, 0.0023 kg/m3), and PSS4 (0.0719 kg/m3, 0.0064 kg/m3, 0.0031 kg/m3) (with P:Penaeus vannamei, S:Siganus guttatus, and S: Selenotoca multifasciata). The yield and survival of P. vannamei in different treatments were significantly different (P<0.05), with the highest yields being P. vannamei (718.75 kg/hm3), S. guttatus (32.97 kg/hm3), and S. multifasciata (15.63 kg/hm3) for treatment PSS2. The highest survival of P. vannamei was 89.4 ± 1.6% for treatment PSS2, while the highest N and P utilization rates were 27.7% and 37.5% for treatment PSS3. The polyculture mode when using a suitable density can improve production and survival of P. vannamei, as well as the utilization rates of N and P.
Genome‐wide phylogeography reveals cryptic speciation in the circumglobal planktonic calcifier Limacina bulimoides
Authors: Choo L. Q. , Spagliardi G. , Malinsky M. , Choquet M. , Goetze E. , Hoarau G. , Peijnenburg K. T. C. A.
Published: March 2023

Little is known about when and how planktonic species arise and persist in the open ocean without apparent dispersal barriers. Pteropods are planktonic snails with thin shells susceptible to dissolution that are used as bio‐indicators of ocean acidification. However, distinct evolutionary units respond to acidification differently, and defining species boundaries is therefore crucial for predicting the impact of changing ocean conditions. In this global population genomic study of the shelled pteropod Limacina bulimoides, we combined genetic (759,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms) and morphometric data from 161 individuals, revealing three major genetic lineages (FST = 0.29–0.41): an “Atlantic lineage” sampled across the Atlantic, an “Indo‐Pacific lineage” sampled in the North Pacific and Indian Ocean, and a “Pacific lineage” sampled in the North and South Pacific. A time‐calibrated phylogeny suggests that the lineages diverged about 1 million years ago, with estimated effective population size remaining high (~10 million) throughout Pleistocene glacial cycles. We do not observe any signatures of recent hybridization, even in areas of sympatry in the North Pacific. While the lineages are reproductively isolated, they are morphologically cryptic, with overlapping shell shape and shell colour distributions. Despite showing that the circumglobal L. bulimoides consists of multiple species with smaller ranges than initially thought, we found that these pteropods still possess high levels of genetic variability. Our study adds to the growing evidence that speciation is often overlooked in the open ocean, and suggests the presence of distinct biological species within many other currently defined circumglobal planktonic species.
Social and paternal female choice for male MHC genes in golden snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)
Authors: Zhang Pei , Zhang Bingyi , Dunn Derek W. , Song Xiaoyue , Huang Kang , Dong Shixuan , Niu Fei , Ying Meijing , Zhang Yingying , Shang Yixin , Pan Ruliang , Li Baoguo
Published: March 2023

Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play important roles in vertebrate immunocompetence. MHC genes thus offer females indirect benefits to mate choice through the production of offspring of an optimal MHC genotype. Females may choose males with specific MHC haplotypes, dissimilar MHC genotypes, MHC heterozygous males or MHC‐diverse males. We tested these four alternatives for both female social and paternal choice in wild golden snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) by examining overall genetic variability (via microsatellites) and four MHC‐genes (DRB1, DRB2, DQA1 and DQB1). Monte Carlo randomization tests showed that MHC dissimilarity was favoured for social choice (males to which females were socially affiliated) and intermediate MHC dissimilarity was favoured in paternal choice (fathers of offspring). No evidence of inbreeding avoidance was found for either social or paternal mates. We found that MHC heterozygotes, higher microsatellite multilocus heterozygosity and higher microsatellites diversity were favoured for social mates, and higher microsatellite diversity was favoured for paternal mates. Independent of male age, we found that the formation of male–female social pairings is significantly predicted by compatibility based on the sharing of MHC haplotypes. However, we found no evidence of independent genetic effects on the duration of male–female social pairings, male social status (achieving OMU leader male status or not), the number of females with which individual leader males paired, the likelihood of potential male–female pairings producing offspring, or whether males fathered offspring or not. Overall, our findings suggest different genetic factors are involved in social and paternal choice in R. roxellana.
Evolution of the jasmonate ligands and their biosynthetic pathways
Authors: Chini Andrea , Monte Isabel , Zamarreño Angel M. , García‐Mina José M. , Solano Roberto
Published: March 2023

Different plant species employ different jasmonates to activate a conserved signalling pathway in land plants, where (+)‐7‐iso‐JA‐Ile (JA‐Ile) is the ligand for the COI1/JAZ receptor in angiosperms and dn‐cis‐OPDA, dn‐iso‐OPDA and Δ4‐dn‐iso‐OPDA act as ligands in Marchantia polymorpha. In addition, some jasmonates play a COI1‐independent role.

To understand the distribution of bioactive jasmonates in the green lineage and how their biosynthetic pathways evolved, we performed phylogenetic analyses and systematic jasmonates profiling in representative species from different lineages.

We found that both OPDA and dn‐OPDA are ubiquitous in all tested land plants and present also in charophyte algae, underscoring their importance as ancestral signalling molecules. By contrast, JA‐Ile biosynthesis emerged within lycophytes coincident with the evolutionary appearance of JAR1 function.

We identified that the OPR3‐independent JA biosynthesis pathway is ancient and predates the evolutionary appearance of the OPR3‐dependent pathway. Moreover, we identified a negative correlation between dn‐iso‐OPDA and JA‐Ile in land plants, which supports that in bryophytes and lycophytes dn‐iso‐OPDA represents the analogous hormone to JA‐Ile in other vascular plants.
ArabidopsisSRPKII family proteins regulate flowering via phosphorylation of SR proteins and effects on gene expression and alternative splicing
Authors: Wang Tongtong , Wang Xiaofeng , Wang Haiyan , Yu Chao , Xiao Chengyun , Zhao Yiwu , Han Huanan , Zhao Shuangshuang , Shao Qun , Zhu Jianhua , Zhao Yanxiu , Wang Pingping , Ma Changle
Published: March 2023

Alternative splicing of pre‐mRNAs is crucial for plant growth and development. Serine/arginine‐rich (SR) proteins are a conserved family of RNA‐binding proteins that are critical for both constitutive and alternative splicing. However, how phosphorylation of SR proteins regulates gene transcription and alternative splicing during plant development is poorly understood.

We found that the Arabidopsis thaliana L. SR protein‐specific kinase II family proteins (SRPKIIs) play an important role in plant development, including flowering. SRPKIIs regulate the phosphorylation status of a subset of specific SR proteins, including SR45 and SC35, which subsequently mediates their subcellular localization.

A phospho‐dead SR45 mutant inhibits the assembly of the apoptosis‐and splicing‐associated protein complex and thereby upregulates the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) via epigenetic modification. The splicing efficiency of FLC introns was significantly increased in the shoot apex of the srpkii mutant. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SRPKIIs regulate the alternative splicing of c. 400 genes, which largely overlap with those regulated by SR45 and SC35‐SCL family proteins.

In summary, we found that Arabidopsis SRPKIIs specifically affect the phosphorylation status of a subset SR proteins and regulate the expression and alternative splicing of FLC to control flowering time.
Cloning and functional analysis of the root‐knot nematode resistance gene NtRk1 in tobacco
Authors: Zhang Luyang , Xu Zhiqiang , Jiang Zhimin , Chen Xiaoxiang , Li Bo , Xu Liping , Zhang Zhiqiang
Published: March 2023

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an economically important crop worldwide. Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs) are responsible for yield losses in tobacco and other crops, such as tomato, potato, peanut, and soybean. Therefore, screening for resistance genes that can prevent RKN infestation and the associated damage is crucial. However, there is no report of cloning tobacco RKN resistance genes to date. Here, we cloned the tobacco RKN resistance gene NtRk1 from the resistant variety TI706, using rapid amplification of cDNA ends. NtRk1 has high homology with other RKN resistance genes (CaMi in pepper, Mi‐1.1 and Mi‐1.2 in tomato). Under normal conditions, NtRk1 was barely expressed in the roots; however, following RKN infection, its expression level rapidly increased. Overexpression of NtRk1 in the susceptible cultivar “Changbohuang” enhanced its resistance to Meloidogyne incognita, while RNA interference of NtRk1 in the resistant cultivar K326 resulted in its susceptibility to M. incognita. Moreover, compared with resistant variety K326, we found the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid contents of RNAi plants decreased after inoculation with M. incognita, and confirmed that the function of NtRk1 is related to these phytohormones. These findings indicate that NtRk1 is an RKN resistance gene, which is abundantly expressed in response to RKN infection and may enhance host defense responses by elevating salicylic acid and jasmonic acid levels.