bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Integration of Nature-Based Solutions into Climate Adaptation Policy and Planning in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Samina , Anzum Farah , Kamal Adiba Bintey , Akter Mahmuda , Rezaie Ali Mohammad , Khan Mizan R.
Published: June 2021

Bangladesh is regarded as one of the most climate-vulnerable regions in South Asia due to its unique geographical location and socio-economic conditions. Natural disasters, changing temperatures, precipitation, and sea level rise have affected agricultural production, infrastructure, and livelihoods in the country. To face these challenges, nature-based solutions (NbS) can address climate change adaptation, protection and management of natural ecosystems, and biodiversity conservation. For example, in Bangladesh, coastal mangroves can protect communities from storm surge and sea level rise, forests in hilly regions can prevent landslides, and green spaces in urban areas can reduce heat stress and promote the well-being of inhabitants. However, effective design, implementation, and upscaling of NbS requires support from national policies and plans.

This study reviews relevant Bangladeshi national policies from the past three decades to investigate NbS as a potential framework to address climate change and societal challenges in the country. We systematically analyzed twenty policy documents across three sectors: national development; disaster management and climate change; and environment and forest. Our study found growing emphasis on preservation, protection, and management of natural ecosystems in the national policies. However, our analysis showed that among the twenty policies, nineteen of them have no direct mention of NbS terminology. Instead, the policies include various strategies and terminologies that fall under the NbS umbrella, such as ecosystem-based adaptation, ecosystem services, and green and eco-building. However, these policies are still widely missing specific implementation guidelines, robust financial support, and institutional mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating NbS initiatives in Bangladesh. We recommend several policy actions to facilitate effective and inclusive NbS interventions in Bangladesh: enhance inter-ministry cooperation; develop national funding support; develop a national promotional campaign; pursue evidence-based research and capacity-building activities; and involve youth, marginalized people, and women. These actions can optimize the benefits of NbS to enhance the country’s resilience against climate change and foster sustainable development.
Establishing global climate resilience to persistent organic pollutants through the private sector: a call to reform institutional standards of the International Finance Corporation
Authors: Tam Lok Ming , Chiang Wesley , Huynh Khang T.
Published: June 2021

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic synthetic chemicals prevalent in the environment that have been linked to serious health effects including various cancers, hypertension, and diabetes. Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, POP accumulation in the environment poses a serious risk to public health. Over the last few decades global climate change (GCC) has exacerbated increasing temperature and extreme weather events, which reduce the storage capacity of POPs in the environment and precipitate their global remobilization. If we remain unprepared to block GCC-associated release of POPs globally, our adaptation and resilience to climate change will be jeopardized. The Stockholm Convention, an international treaty that aims to reduce and eliminate POPs, is not fully enforceable due to a lack of environmental funds for governments of developing countries. One way to circumnavigate these financial hurdles is to create new markets for POP removal through the private sector. We recommend the International Finance Corporation, the private sector arm of the World Bank, reform its institutional regulations to consistently guarantee funding for proactive measures against POPs. We additionally recommend investing in local POP removal infrastructure projects that encourage economic growth.
Removing Barriers and Creating Opportunities for Climate-Resilient Agriculture by Optimizing Federal Crop Insurance
Authors: van der Pol Laura K. , Tibbetts Clara A. , Lin Hunter Danielle E.
Published: June 2021

Climate change is devastating global agricultural and economic systems. Nature-based solutions that promote conservation agriculture can address these challenges while mitigating climate change. We propose a pilot crop insurance and research program in the U.S. Northern Plains to promote practices that enhance farm soil health, income, and resilience while mitigating climate change. Such a program could inform nationwide adoption of such practices. We specifically propose eliminating requirements for fallow to insure wheat, funding development of regionally-adapted leguminous crops, and incentivizing whole farm insurance over single-crop yield-focused offerings to promote economic growth and climate-resilient practices. The policies extend across a spectrum of cost, legislative burden, political capital, and time-scales for implementation and impact, offering a balanced and gradual transition to conservation agriculture. Adopted jointly, these recommendations improve farm resilience to climate change by promoting soil health and crop diversification while reducing emissions.
Climate Change, Wildfires and Wetland Ecosystem Services
Authors: C McCormack Phillipa
Published: June 2021

Australia’s 2019–20 fire season has been described as the ‘Black Summer’. Vast swathes of the continent burned, including areas that have not been fire-prone in the past, such as wet rainforest and alpine wetlands. This article considers the implications of more frequent and intense wildfires for wetland ecosystems and the extremely valuable ecosystem services that they provide. The article investigates what Australia’s laws have to say about restoring ecosystem services after extreme events such as fire. In particular, the article considers the extent to which existing laws anticipate the possibility of ecosystem transformation, asking: what do our laws require if restoration is not possible?
Two Populations of Carbon-enhanced Metal-poor Stars in the Disk System of the Milky Way
Authors: Dietz Sarah E. , Yoon Jinmi , Beers Timothy C. , Placco Vinicius M. , Sun Lee Young
Published: June 2021

We present a chemodynamical analysis of low-resolution (R ∼ 1300) spectroscopy of ∼50,000 stars from the AAOmega Evolution of Galactic Structure survey, focusing on two key populations of (in total) 650 carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars within the disk system of the Milky Way: a mildly prograde population (L

z
< 1000 kpc km s−1) and a strongly prograde population (L

z
> 1000 kpc km s−1). Based on their chemical and kinematic characteristics, and on comparisons with similar populations found in the recent literature, we tentatively associate the former with an ex situ inner-halo population originating from either the Gaia Sausage or Gaia–Enceladus. The latter population is linked to the metal-weak thick disk. We discuss their implications in the context of the formation history of the Milky Way.
Quantitative Age Estimation of Supernova Remnants and Associated Pulsars
Authors: Suzuki Hiromasa , Bamba Aya , Shibata Shinpei
Published: June 2021

The age of a supernova remnant (SNR) is, though undoubtedly one of the most important properties for study of its evolution, difficult to estimate reliably in most cases. In this study, we compare the dynamical and plasma ages of the SNRs and characteristic ages of their associated pulsars with the corresponding SNRs’ ages that are generally thought to be reliable (t
r): historical and light-echo ages of the SNRs, kinematic ages of the ejecta knots and kinematic ages of the associated neutron stars (NS). The kinematic age of ejecta knots or an NS is the time that they have taken to reach the current positions from the explosion center. We use all of the available 24 systems for which t
r is already available (historical, light-echo, and ejecta kinematic ages) or measurable (NS kinematic age). We estimate the NS kinematic ages for eight SNR-NS systems by determining quantitatively the geometric centers of the SNR shells. The obtained t
r ranges from 33 yr to ≈400 kyr. We find that the two SNR ages, dynamical and plasma ages, are consistent with t
r within a factor of four, whereas the characteristic ages of the pulsars differ from t
r by more than a factor of four in some systems. Using the t
r summarized in this work, we present the initial spin periods of the associated pulsars, which are more strictly constrained than the previous works, as well.
Do LIGO/Virgo Black Hole Mergers Produce AGN Flares? The Case of GW190521 and Prospects for Reaching a Confident Association
Authors: Palmese A. , Fishbach M. , Burke C. J. , Annis J. , Liu X.
Published: June 2021

The recent report of an association of the gravitational-wave (GW) binary black hole (BBH) merger GW190521 with a flare in the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) J124942.3 + 344929 has generated tremendous excitement. However, GW190521 has one of the largest localization volumes among all of the GW events detected so far. The 90% localization volume likely contains 7400 unobscured AGNs brighter than g ≤ 20.5 AB mag, and it results in a ≳70% probability of chance coincidence for an AGN flare consistent with the GW event. We present a Bayesian formalism to estimate the confidence of an AGN association by analyzing a population of BBH events with dedicated follow-up observations. Depending on the fraction of BBHs arising from AGNs, counterpart searches of


(
1
)
−

(
100
)

GW events are needed to establish a confident association, and more than an order of magnitude more for searches without follow-up (i.e., using only the locations of AGN and GW events). Follow-up campaigns of the top ∼5% (based on volume localization and binary mass) of BBH events with total rest-frame mass ≥50 M
⊙ are expected to establish a confident association during the next LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA observing run (O4), as long as the true value of the fraction of BBHs giving rise to AGN flares is >0.1. Our formalism allows us to jointly infer cosmological parameters from a sample of BBH events that include chance coincidence flares. Until the confidence of AGN associations is established, the probability of chance coincidence must be taken into account to avoid biasing astrophysical and cosmological constraints.
Analysis of Household Food Security Based on the Proportion of Food Expenditures and Energy Consumption in Flood-prone Areas in Wajo District
Authors: Manyullei Syamsuar , Arundhana Andi Imam
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Floods that inundate almost all areas in Wajo district caused difficulties for people in this district to access their daily needs, especially for foods as the distribution was inhibited. This situation was exacerbated as the food price increased leading to a greater risk of food insecurity of the household in this area.
AIM: The current study aimed to determine food security in flood-prone areas in Wajo District.
METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional conducted in the three subdistricts in Wajo Regency. The study was conducted from March to May the year 2018. A total of 304 study participants were involved in this study. The data have been collected using the developed questionnaire and observation sheet. All data analyses were performed using SPSS.
RESULTS: The result of the study shows that 139 households (46%) included in this study were in the condition of lack of food and 165 households (54%) were food insecure. Households with food-resistant and food vulnerable status were not found in the study area.
CONCLUSION: Therefore, households with food insecurity should manage their income by considering providing nutritious foods based on their income situation.
La biomedicalización de las vidas de las mujeres: una revisión de sus dimensiones desde las publicaciones en español
Authors: Blázquez Rodríguez Maribel
Published: June 2021

La biomedicalización es un fenómeno que implica la intervención de los saberes y tecnologías biomédicos en cada vez más aspectos de la vida, con un aumento de su jurisdicción desde la enfermedad a la salud y, hoy en día, sobre la gestión de los cuerpos y las vidas. Con el fin de concretar la complejidad del fenómeno, este artículo apuesta por diseccionar la biomedicalización en diferentes dimensiones: el biologicismo, la patologización, el uso de tratamientos y el control sanitario. El proceso de biomedicalización no ha sido homogéneo, pues no acontece de manera similar ante cualquier condición, cualquier colectivo ni cualquier lugar. Una mirada centrada en las mujeres da cuenta de que este proceso ha afectado a algunas condiciones de sus vidas: menstruación, menopausia, fertilidad, sexualidad, parto, lactancia, cuerpo, salud mental y violencia. Para ello, el artículo aporta algunos trabajos clave del Estado español.
Fragmento bíblico en arameo cristiano palestinense procedente de la Qubbat al-Ḫaznah (Damasco): Restitución de lecturas ilegibles y estudio de la versión (1 Sam 7,14–8,4-8)
Authors: Monferrer-Sala Juan Pedro
Published: June 2021

En este artículo ofrecemos un análisis del fragmento XVIIr-v (1 Sam 7,14–8,4-8) perteneciente al corpus de textos bíblicos en arameo cristiano palestinense con un doble objetivo: en primer lugar, demostrar que la versión fue realizada a partir de un texto griego de la familia de la LXX, en la que el traductor también utilizó una o más versiones siriacas; en segundo lugar, a partir de los datos obtenidos en el análisis anterior, hemos adoptado un criterio metodológico con el objeto de poder restaurar el texto fragmentario a base de restituir una serie de las lecturas ilegibles que exhibe el fragmento.
Descubrimiento de varios fragmentos de una biblia hebrea (Calahorra, s. XIV)
Authors: Hernández Sigüenza Manuel
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es poner de manifiesto el hallazgo fortuito de cuatro fragmentos de una Biblia hebrea, presumiblemente del s. XIV, en la ciudad riojana de Calahorra. Dichos fragmentos forman parte del libro de Ester y servían de encuadernación a un libro de la cofradía de Santiago y san Andrés, parroquias calagurritanas. Asimismo, a mediados del siglo pasado se encontraron dos folios manuscritos del libro del Éxodo perteneciente a otra Biblia hebrea (s. XIV). Si bien se llegaron a confirmar los pasajes, no se realizó un estudio pormenorizado de ambos folios. Sin duda, estos descubrimientos en el mismo archivo parroquial, sito en la antigua judería de Calahorra, son nuevas pruebas que atestiguan la fuerte presencia judía en la ciudad riojabajeña.
Los procesos de Córdoba y la pugna inquisitorial entre Felipe el Hermoso y Fernando el Católico: las negociaciones romanas (1505-1506)
Authors: Fernández de Córdova Álvaro
Published: June 2021

Los procesos inquisitoriales emprendidos en Córdoba a fines del reinado de Isabel la Católica provocaron una serie de turbulencias en el colectivo judeoconverso que desestabilizaron el reino de Castilla. Aunque la dimensión socio-religiosa del fenómeno ha suscitado algunos análisis, no se han explorado sus vínculos con la disputa sucesoria que enfrentó a Felipe I de Castilla −el Hermoso− y Fernando el Católico (1504-1506), ni se ha ahondado en la actitud del papado ante aquellos procesos que implicaron al arzobispo de Granada, fray Hernando de Talavera. Con documentación inédita de archivos españoles y franceses, el presente artículo estudia la pugna mantenida por ambos monarcas por el control de la Inquisición, reconstruye sus respectivas negociaciones con la Curia romana, y valora la política de Julio II para resolver la crisis evitando su politización.
Entre « communautés des contributeurs » et « société des usagers », les communs de masse
Authors: JOUBERT Léo
Published: June 2021

Cet article interroge les effets sociologiques de la massification d’un commun à partir de l’analyse de la version francophone de Wikipédia. Nous utilisons notamment l’enquête « Wikipédia 2015 » réalisée par le GIS Marsouin en mars 2015 auprès des lecteurs et des contributeurs de Wikipédia. Nous développons un modèle d’analyse sociologique fondé sur une distinction entre la « communauté des contributeurs », rassemblant les participants à la production et la régulation de Wikipédia, et la « société des usagers », ensemble d’acteurs hétérogènes plus ou moins proches et favorables au commun wikipédien. Cette structure duale constitue, davantage que la référence à la non-rivalité de la ressource, une piste d’adaptation du modèle ostromien des communs au cas particulier des communs de masse.
Histoire sociologique d’un mouvement ambigu
Authors: Shulz Sébastien
Published: June 2021

Les acteurs qui conceptualisent et défendent des formes de communs numériques entretiennent une relation ambiguë avec l’État considéré tantôt comme un ennemi objectif, un horizon à dépasser ou un allié potentiel (Broca, 2016). Par rapport à la littérature qui passe cette ambiguïté sous silence ou qui la considère comme problématique, je me propose de déplacer la focale pour l’interroger et voir ce qu’elle peut nous apprendre de ces formes de communs numériques. Dans le cadre d’une sociologie des épreuves d’État (Linhardt, 2012, 2018) et à travers une histoire sociologique des concepts (Gaboriaux et Skornicki, 2018), une sociologie des mouvements sociaux (Neveu, 2019) et une histoire pragmatique de la critique (Boltanski, 2009), nous défendons la thèse suivante : les formes de communs numériques ont toujours été conceptualisées par des acteurs à partir de leur critique d’une figure de l’État à l’occasion de débats visant à réguler l’infrastructure numérique tout en dessinant d’autres figures d’État souhaitées. Nous nous appuyons sur des sources secondaires, un ensemble de littérature grise et dix entretiens avec des acteurs historiques du mouvement des communs numériques pour dégager trois moments lors desquels des acteurs critiquent trois figures d’État, conceptualisent trois formes de communs numériques –biens communs numériques, communs numériques et faire en commun par le numérique–, et préfigurent trois figures d'État alternatives. Cette catégorisation permet de combler un point aveugle de la littérature en explicitant les différentes ramifications du mouvement des communs numériques et leur rapport à l’État.
Human Factors
Authors: Cooney Emily , Martonik Nicole , Kolber Lauren , Sekely Emalee , Gibbs William J.
Published: June 2021

Human factors are integral to applied academic programs such as interaction design. In this chapter, the authors begin by reviewing precepts of authentic, “real-world” learning. From a human factors and interaction design viewpoint, they then describe an authentic learning project—a mobile application design—that was done by university students in collaboration with a leading global specialty retailer. Specifically, in terms of the project, the chapter reviews the following: 1) benefits and challenges of academic and industry collaborations; 2) human factors and interaction design processes, methods, and principles used throughout the authentic project; 3) anthropometric features of the project prototype and their implications for usability; 4) precepts of cognitive information processing (i.e., human attention, perception, and memory) and their importance for the design and usability of the project's interface; 5) insights and lessons learned about the use of authentic learning experiences in teaching human factors and interaction design.
Integration of Cutting-Edge Interoperability Approaches in Cyber-Physical Production Systems and Industry 4.0
Authors: Estrada-Jimenez Luis Alberto , Pulikottil Terrin , Hien Nguyen Ngoc , Torayev Agajan , Rehman Hamood Ur , Mo Fan , Hojjati Sanaz Nikghadam , Barata José
Published: June 2021

Interoperability in smart manufacturing refers to how interconnected cyber-physical components exchange information and interact. This is still an exploratory topic, and despite the increasing number of applications, many challenges remain open. This chapter presents an integrative framework to understand common practices, concepts, and technologies used in trending research to achieve interoperability in production systems. The chapter starts with the question of what interoperability is and provides an alternative answer based on influential works in the field, followed by the presentation of important reference models and their relation to smart manufacturing. It continues by discussing different types of interoperability, data formats, and common ontologies necessary for the integration of heterogeneous systems and the contribution of emerging technologies in achieving interoperability. This chapter ends with a discussion of a recent use case and final remarks.
Network Intrusion Detection System in Latest DFA Compression Methods for Deep Packet Scruting
Authors: Kumar K Vinoth
Published: June 2021

The vast majority of the system security applications in today's systems depend on deep packet inspection. In recent years, regular expression matching was used as an important operator. It examines whether or not the packet's payload can be matched with a group of predefined regular expressions. Regular expressions are parsed using the deterministic finite automata representations. Conversely, to represent regular expression sets as DFA, the system needs a large amount of memory, an excessive amount of time, and an excessive amount of per flow state, limiting their practical applications. This chapter explores network intrusion detection systems.
The Importance of Focus on Mental Health During a Pandemic
Authors: Keough Penelope Debs
Published: June 2021

A focus on mental health is paramount in importance during the COVID-19 pandemic! This chapter is devoted to how parents, teachers, children, and other professionals can maintain a modicum of sanity while the media touts the devasting effects of this global crisis. Various tools and coping mechanisms will be explored such as a positive outlook to combat the influence of the hyperbole espoused by the media and how to maintain one's focus for optimal health amidst the suffering caused by the pandemic. How fears can be assuaged in light of the risks associated with COVID-19 will be explored while simultaneously exploring one's passion to keep motivation to do what enhances life while the disease ravages the globe. An emphasis on cultivating social emotional principles will be a major aspect of the chapter as well as developing clarity through maintaining disciplined principles of organization for body and mind.
Social Psychology and Fabrication
Authors: Abbas Ansar , Saud Muhammad , Ekowati Dian , Suhariadi Fendy
Published: June 2021

This chapter aims to review the current debate on and investigate individual behavior and confidence in leaders and organizations. This is done through content analysis on recent studies on leadership, social psychology, and the characteristics of individuals, society, and organizations. This study proposes a model to discuss cognitive, human involvement, personality traits, and social fabrics. The current debate's significant contributions alert organizations and individuals (leaders) about human development and social transmission in social change. Some primary challenges have been discussed, such as employees' perception of the organization, managerial styles, socio-psychological and cognitive development. The chapter argues that the social cognitive theory's lens can enrich individuals, society, and organizations to reach future research suggestions.
A DisCrit-Informed Critique of the Difference vs. Disorder Approach in Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Yu Betty , Epstein Laura , Tisi Vivian
Published: June 2021

The disproportionate representation of students of color in special education is among the most longstanding and intractable problems in education. In this chapter, the authors examine the phenomenon of racial disproportionality through the theoretical framework of disability studies and critical race theory (DisCrit). They argue that a DisCrit-informed lens challenges the current framing of racial disproportionality in speech-language pathology as merely resulting from a failure to distinguish between differences and disorders. Rather, racial disproportionality is a predictable outcome of the institutionalized segregation of students based on perceived deviations from normative standards, a process grounded in the mutually reinforcing mechanisms of systemic ableism and systemic racism.
Reimagining Multicultural Education
Authors: R'boul Hamza , Bueno-Alastuey M Camino
Published: June 2021

Multicultural education has actively endeavored to undermine inequalities and imbalances by offering pedagogical frameworks for accounting for and managing cultural diversity. However, foundational literature on multicultural education seems to be dominated by Western scholars, mainly American. This assumption is not in alignment with the objectives of critical education which seeks to stymie power imbalances and grant visibility to less popular individuals along with their cultures, understandings, and perspectives. That is why it is important to ask questions about whether multicultural education has exhibited any signs of seeking to stymie the hegemony of Western episteme in terms of its theory and praxis. This chapter argues that it is necessary to include other epistemologies in multicultural education theory and praxis in order to realize global cognitive justice. The main aim is to make a case for the possibility of further developing multicultural education by integrating other knowledges and ways of knowing.
End-User-Driven Approach for Regulatory Compliance in the Public Cloud
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Kumar Vikas
Published: June 2021

Regulatory compliance is equally binding on small and medium business groups. Owing to the small scale and limited budget, such SMBs are unable to seek expert advice. To adequately guard the SMBs in regulatory compliance, the present work proposed a third-party managed-end user-driven approach that renders the list of regulatory acts applicable in one's case according to the country of one's residence, services subscribed, and type of the operations to be carried out in subscribed cloud paradigm. The list of applicable regulatory acts are rendered at the subscriber's end only. In addition, the proposed method notifies the present state of compliance of under-considered cloud providers. Based on the recommendation received, the subscriber can proceed with his decision to subscribe or not to subscribe in the event if desired compliances do not exist. This technological assistance will eliminate the need to possess the required knowledge in regulatory acts or seeking advice from the regulatory expert.
A Thirty-Year Bibliometric Analysis on Servitization
Authors: Leoni Luna , Aria Massimo
Published: June 2021

This paper performs a bibliometric analysis of all the servitization literature written during the last three decades, providing its social, intellectual, and conceptual structures. The methodology is based on the R-package bibliometrix for the analysis of co-citation, collaboration, and co-occurrence, applied to all the servitization literature published from 1988 to 2017 indexed in Scopus and WoS databases. Results from the 615 reviewed articles synthesize, consolidate, and improve the existing knowledge on the phenomenon. The study allows the identification of the leading authors, institutions, works, and keywords that compose the servitization publications related to the last three decades, suggesting useful metrics for researchers, new potential entrants, and practitioners. Moreover, offering a definition of servitization, the study provides lexicon consistency to both servitization researchers and practitioners, fostering the constructive accumulation of knowledge on the topic. Lastly, the study provides suggestions for future studies and collaborations opportunities.
Effect of systemic administration of omeprazole on osseointegration around titanium dental implants
Authors: Kanounisabet Negar , Mogharehabed Ahmad , Torabinia Nakisa , Nejad Seyedeh Marzieh Hashemi , Yaghini Jaber
Published: June 2021

Background:

Dental implants are widely accepted substitutes for replacing missing teeth. Many factors, including the use of specific drugs such as proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) (omeprazole), can affect the success of dental implantations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of omeprazole and osseointegration of dental implants.

Materials and Methods:

This experimental animal study was performed on eight native male dogs weighted 11–13 kg and aged 16–20 months. The dogs were divided into two groups (receivers and nonreceivers of omeprazole). After extraction of mandibular teeth, treatment was started randomly with the administration of omeprazole and saline. After a 2-month recovery period, six titanium implants were placed in the jaws of all dogs and the administration of omeprazole was continued for 2 weeks. After 4 and 12 weeks, the dogs were anesthetized and dental implants with their bone marrow were removed. The samples were examined histomorphometrically to determine osseointegration. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA test for 95% confidence interval. The P value was set at 0.05.

Results:

In the microscopic examination of the samples in week 4, the levels of bone–implant contact (BIC) in the study group were significantly lower than the control group (46.37 vs. 64.37%). In 12 weeks, BIC was significantly lower than that of the control group (67.33 vs. 82.00%). The type of bone formed in week 4 in both the groups was more woven, and in the 12th week, it was mostly lamellar.

Conclusion:

Systemic administration of PPIs may interfere with osseointegration of dental implants.
The efficacy of function-preservation in treating paranasal sinus and nasal cavity neoplasms
Authors: Deng Xiaoli , Lu Zhaoyi , Wang Xiaomin , Zhang Junjie , Liu Shixian , Zhang Mingjie , Meng Jie , Chen Deshang , Ma Shiyin , Li Hui
Published: June 2021

Background:

Craniofacial resection (CFR) has been regarded as the gold standard for paranasal sinus and nasal cavity (PNSNC) neoplasms. The improvement of surgical procedures has been ongoing in recent years. We analyzed the clinical curative effects of the function-preservation therapy that was mainly using nasal endoscopic surgery along with appropriate radiotherapy and chemotherapy as applicable.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective analysis of factors that influence the survival time of the 28 patients with PNSNC neoplasms who underwent nasal endoscopic surgery. All patients with tumor lesions underwent a complete resection in en bloc or piecemeal resection. Five cases did not undergo radiotherapy or chemotherapy; the remaining 23 patients had multimodality therapy.

Results:

The median follow-up time was 41.5 (range = 14–97) months. The overall 3-year survival rate was 78.57% for T3 cancer and 50% for those with T4. T classification (P = 0.031) and multimodality therapy (P = 0.038) were independent prognostic factors for postoperative 3-year survival rate of patients with PNSNC neoplasms.

Conclusion:

Function-preservation therapy based on the minimally invasive endoscopic resection (MIER) with appropriate adjuvant therapy not only prolonged the overall survival time but also provided an opportunity to preserve organ function at the same time, which helped to improve the patients' quality of life.
Our initial experience in supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Authors: Chandra Vipin , Bharti Vishrut , Tiwari Rajesh , Kumar Vijoy , Ahmad Ahsan , Upadhyay Rohit , Mahmood Khalid , Ranjan Nikhil
Published: June 2021

Background:

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a routine procedure for removal of kidney stones. We are doing this procedure in a prone position due to traditional training, but now, we have started doing PCNL in supine position also in IGIMS, Patna. Supine position is used when there is anesthesia-related contraindication for prone position, access to the ureter and pelvicalyceal system (PCS) is needed simultaneously, and in patients where only lower or middle calyceal puncture is needed to clear the stone.

Materials and Methods:

We have selected five patients with different stone characters to start with. All patients had undergone standard evaluation before the procedure. Standard consent for doing PCNL was obtained. We have used the usual instruments as used in routine prone PCNL cases. Use of nephrostomy tube (NT) or double-J (DJ) stent was decided at the end of the procedure depending on bleeding, residual fragments, injury to PCS, and extravasation of fluid. NT was removed after 48 h if given and DJ stents were removed after 4 weeks.

Results:

Three patients were male and two were female, aged 22–55 years. The body mass index range was 19.6–24.6. Stone clearance was achieved to 100% extent in every case as seen on post fluoroscopic image. All procedures were uneventful. One patient had both ureteric stone and renal stone and we did ureteroscopy (URS) and PCNL simultaneously to clear the stone. In one case of upper ureteric stone, we started with ureteroscopic lithotripsy but after retropulsion stone migrated to PCS, then in the same position, we did PCNL to clear that stone.

Conclusion:

PCNL is a standard procedure for renal stone using either supine or prone position. We should be accustomed to do PCNL in supine also and can utilize this position for doing PCNL. This practice will be extremely useful in patients who cannot be operated in prone position at all due to anesthesia region, due to spinal/bony deformity, or where both URS and PCNL are needed simultaneously.
Relation of glycated hemoglobin with nerve conduction study and proprioception in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Khah Josni , Kumar Tarun , Sharan Ashok , Kumar Ashok
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim:

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Association of elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and nerve function is known, but its relationship with proprioception is still unknown. This study was conducted to find the correlation of HbA1c with nerve conduction study (NCS) and proprioception in T2DM patients.

Materials and Methods:

88 patients of T2DM of <5 years duration, between the age group 30 and 60 years, participated in the study. NCS of tibial motor, peroneal motor, and sural sensory nerves was done. Proprioception was assessed by testing the absolute error scores of knee joint position sense (JPS) with a digital inclinometer. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relation of HbA1c with NCS parameters and the knee JPS errors.

Results:

HbA1c showed a positive correlation with distal latency and a negative correlation with amplitude and conduction velocity. JPS errors showed a moderate positive correlation with HbA1c.

Conclusion:

HbA1c values have a significant relation with the development of peripheral neuropathy in T2DM patients. This effect was observed on both nerve conduction studies as well as on proprioception test.
Correlation of postoperative pain in vital versus nonvital teeth
Authors: Issar Rashmi , Ranjan Shashi , Singh Priyankar , Lakiang Deirimika , Kole Ravindra
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

The success of root canal treatment is now above 97%. Today keeping pace with this rapidly evolving field in dentistry now single visit endodontics has become more of a compulsion rather than an option. However, to embrace this change, a scientific rationale along with clinician's and patient's acceptance is mandatory. The present study compares the postoperative pain in endodontically treated teeth in vital versus nonvital teeth.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty patients between the age 16 and 60 years requiring root canal treatment of maxillary and mandibular single rooted teeth were selected. After access opening under rubber dam based on bleeding or absence of bleeding from the canals, three groups were divided Group I – 20 teeth were grouped as vital which showed bleeding from the canal, Group II – 20 teeth were grouped as nonvital which showed no bleeding from the canal but absence of periapical radiolucency, and Group III – 20 teeth were grouped as nonvital with periapical radiolucency. Single-visit endodontic was completed for all the teeth. Patients were asked to report about pain intensity on 1st day, 2nd day, 1st week, and 2nd week based on the scores from 0 to 3 with increasing intensity. The values were recorded and subjected to Pearson Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test.

Results:

Out of 60 patients, eight patients had dropped out and 52 patients reported after 2nd week. Incidence of pain was calculated for each group at the end of 1st day, 2nd day, 1st week, and 2nd week using Chi-square test. Intragroup and intergroup comparison was carried out, and it was found to be statistically insignificant (P > 0.01).

Conclusion:

The results of the present study favor single-visit endodontics in vital, nonvital teeth with and without periapical radiolucency. There was no significant difference in postendodontic pain in any of the groups which suggest that single-visit endodontics with stringent clinical protocol can be used in most of the teeth needing endodontic intervention.
Volumetric-modulated arc therapy versus intensity-modulated radiotherapy on the left-sided chest wall and locoregional nodes irradiation in treating postmastectomy breast cancer patients
Authors: Zope Mukesh Kumar , Patil Deepali Bhaskar , Fatima Umra , Sinha Satyendra , Mandal Abhijeet , Keshri Shekhar Kumar
Published: June 2021

Purpose:

This study was aimed to compare the suitable treatment plan for left-sided chest wall, regional node irradiation by the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT).

Materials and Methods:

Fifteen patients' computed tomography data set was import into the treatment planning system (Oncentra). Two plans were generated for each patient, the first one using the VMAT technique with two partial arcs and the second one using the IMRT technique with seven coplaner radiation portals using 3D Oncentra TPS with 6 MV photons, step and shoot treatment delivery technique with 80 leaf multileaf collimator, and 1 cm leaf width at the isocenter. The VMAT plans optimized using the collapsed cone (GPU) algorithm and IMRT plans optimized using a collapsed cone algorithm. A hypofractionated prescription dose of 40 Gy/15# was used. The VMAT and IMRT plans compared for Planning Target Volume (PTV) target coverage, homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), and monitor units (MUs) were evaluated. The Organ At Risk (OAR) doses also compared.

Results:

A comparable PTV coverage (V95%) and mean PTV doses were observed between VMAT and IMRT plans. The PTV maximum dose was higher within IMRT than the VMAT. We observed a better HI for VMAT plans. For conformity index (CI) both plan showed no significant difference. MU values of VMAT are higher than the IMRT treatment in this study. However, VMAT plans show significantly better right lung, heart, and larynx sparing when compared to the IMRT plans. No significant difference was observed in both groups of plan for the right breast and spinal cord. The maximum dose for the left humerus head was compared for both groups of plans.

Conclusions:

VMAT is dosimetrically superior to the IMRT for irradiation of left-sided chest wall and regional nodes patients in terms of target coverage and OAR sparing.
The 2018 Fisheries White Paper, the Fisheries Act 2020 and their international legal dimension
Authors: Serdy Andrew
Published: June 2021

The 2018 Fisheries White Paper and the Fisheries Act 2020 were designed to govern United Kingdom (UK) fisheries management in the post-Brexit era irrespective of whether the UK and the European Union (EU) succeeded in settling their differences on fisheries and other matters that for much of 2020 made it uncertain whether the Trade and Cooperation Agreement could be concluded. This article considers several international legal issues raised by the White Paper and Fisheries Act, including the choices made by the UK as to which regional fisheries management organisations to (re)join now that the EU no longer speaks for the UK within them, and the treaty processes for doing so, before moving on to further matters given only sketchy treatment in, or omitted altogether from, those documents, on which a firmer position ought to have been taken. Lastly, a new problem apparent for the first time in the Fisheries Act is discussed: navigational freedom of foreign fishing vessels in the UK's exclusive economic zone, and a missed opportunity to legislate a related evidential presumption that would assist future prosecutions for illegal fishing.
Impacts of the interpretative interaction between international human rights law and the Refugee Convention
Authors: Katsoni Spyridoula
Published: June 2021

The article addresses the issue of interpretative interaction between international human rights law (IHRL) and the Refugee Convention against the background of an ongoing academic debate on the primacy or complementarity of the protection granted to refugees through IHRL. Specifically, it highlights the multifarious ways in which decision-makers and academics have sought interpretative guidance from IHRL in order to interpret the provisions of the Refugee Convention and vice versa. Moreover, it identifies the interpretative patterns to which this guidance has led. Ultimately, the article contributes to the debate through the identification of the impacts of interpretative interaction between IHRL and the Refugee Convention on the question of protection of refugees.
Effect of Solution Aggressiveness on the Crack Growth Resistance and Cracking Mechanism of AA2024-T3
Authors: Charalampidou Christina Margarita , Pretorius Christiaan C.E. , Mostert Roelf J. , Alexopoulos Nikolaos D.
Published: June 2021

Aluminum alloy 2024-T3 was examined using a range of microscopy techniques at the early stages of corrosion attack to investigate the corrosion-induced cracking mechanism. Two different corrosive environments—exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) and 3.5 wt% NaCl—were used for the exposure of tensile and prenotched compact-tension C(T) specimens of AA2024-T3. Different embrittlement mechanisms are noticed for the two investigated corrosive environments. Significant intergranular corrosion (IGC) and grain boundary embrittlement are evident in the specimens exposed to EXCO solution, whilethis was not the case for the milder solution comprising of 3.5 wt% NaCl. With regard to the milder solution, the corrosion attack is not only restricted to the grain boundary, but evolves transgranularly to the neighboring grains of the IGC attacked region and, consequently, the grain boundary strength in the direct vicinity is not notably affected. The extent of secondary cracks, after the exposure of C(T) specimens to EXCO solution and the subsequent crack-growth resistance evaluation, were found to correlate with the diameter of the plastically affected zone (≈3.78±0.04 mm). Additionally, the depth of these cracks was found to correlate well with the thickness of the intergranular fracture surface, giving evidence that the secondary cracks form due to grain boundary embrittlement; probably attributed to hydrogen embrittlement phenomena.
Training of the feed-forward artificial neural networks using butterfly optimization algorithm
Authors: IRMAK Büşra , GÜLCÜ Şaban
Published: June 2021

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) learns from inputs and outputs. The values of the weights and biases in ANN are updated according to inputs and outputs. Researchers have proposed algorithms to train Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). However, classical techniques often face problems in solving this optimization problem. They tend to need large amounts of computing time, large amounts of memory. More importantly, they get stuck within the local optimum and produce poor-quality solutions. To overcome these difficulties, meta-heuristic algorithms have been used to train MLP. In this article, the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) which was designed by modeling the behaviors of butterflies was used for the first time to train the multi-layer perceptron. The developed algorithm was named BOA-MLP where the BOA algorithm optimized the values of the weights and biases in the MLP. The success of the BOA-MLP algorithm was tested on five data sets (iris, breast cancer, heart, balloon and xor) which are frequently used in the literature. In the experiments, the BOA-MLP algorithm was compared with the BAT-MLP, SMS-MLP and BP algorithms. The average and standard deviation of the mean squared error, the average classification accuracy, the sensitivity, the specificity, the precision and the F1-score were used as the performance metrics. According to the experimental results, it is seen that the BOA-MLP algorithm surpasses the BAT-MLP, SMS-MLP and BP algorithms on all data sets and shows superior success.
Sou homem com H! O movimento migratório do consumo de produtos de beleza
Authors: Maximo Aryane Ribeiro , Leite Ramon Silva
Published: June 2021

As pesquisas de marketing não acompanharam as mudanças do homem moderno para o hodierno. O que antes era caracterizado como “coisa de homem”, na contemporaneidade fragmentou-se em novas possibilidades de construção de identidade de gênero, abrindo espaço para o consumo do homem, fragmentando-se em perfis de consumo antes caracterizados como sendo exclusivamente das mulheres, como o consumo de produtos de beleza. Esse estudo buscou compreender como os homens percebem os reflexos desse consumo na sociedade atual. Para isso foram realizadas 12 entrevistas com homens jovens de Belo Horizonte analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam para um consumidor cada vez mais seguro, mas que ainda está envolto por estereótipos e preconceito da sociedade.
Metaanálisis de la prevalencia de la mutación JAK2 en neoplasias mieloproliferativas crónicas BCR-ABL negativas : 2007-2017.
Authors: Mejía Ochoa Mónica , Acevedo Toro Paola Andrea , Cardona Arias Jaiberth Antonio , Gálves Cárdenas Kenny Mauricio
Published: June 2021

la mutación JAK2 ha tenido gran impacto en el conocimiento de las neoplasias mieloproliferativascrónicas (NMPC); su utilidad como marcador diagnóstico se puede consolidar con el estudiode su prevalencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es metaanalizar la prevalencia global de la mutación JAK2V617F en PV, TE, MFP y específica, según las técnicas de detección 2007-2017.Materiales y métodos: revisión sistemática con metaanálisis en cuatro bases de datos multidisciplinarias,con un protocolo a priori con criterios según la guía Prisma. Se garantizó la reproducibilidad en la búsqueday extracción de información. La calidad metodológica se evaluó con la guía Strobe. Las variablesse describieron con frecuencias. Se realizó metaanálisis para la prevalencia de la mutación JAK2, concomparaciones mediante intervalos de confianza del 95% para la diferencia de proporciones o prueba Zy metarregresión según la técnica de detección.Resultados: se incluyeron 49 estudios, la técnica más usada fue AS-PCR (40%), seguida de secuenciación(15%) y PCR en tiempo real (15%). La prevalencia global de la mutación JAK2 V617F en PV fue del 84,5%,siendo menor en los estudios basados en secuenciación (66,2%) y mayor en el uso de PCR en tiemporeal (93%); la prevalencia en TE fue del 57,2%, las menores proporciones se obtuvieron con PCR-RFLP ysecuenciación (54,3% y 54,1%, respectivamente), y las mayores proporciones fueron en PCR en tiemporeal; en MFP, la prevalencia fue del 55,2%, las menores proporciones se hallaron con secuenciación(39,3%) y las mayores PCR en tiempo real (75%).Conclusiones: se evidencia una gran especificidad y altas frecuencias de JAK2 V617F en PV, lo que lleva aconcluir y reafirmar que, para su diagnóstico, debe tenerse en cuenta, además de características clínicas yhematológicas, la tamización genética de los pacientes. Adicionalmente, los resultados derivados de esteestudio proveen evidencia sobre la variabilidad que ejerce el tipo de prueba empleada sobre la frecuenciade la mutación, específicamente se sugiere elegir técnicas diferentes a la secuenciación de Sanger.