bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Keçiboynuzu Kırığının Çayır Otu Silajının In vitro ve In situ Parçalanmasına Etkisi
Authors: ATALAY Ali İhsan , KAMALAK Adem
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışma keçiboynuzu kırığının çayır silajının in vitro ve in situ parçalana birliğine olan etkisini belirlemekiçin yapılmıştır. Çayır otu, keçiboynuzu kırığı ( 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 ve 6.0 % yaş olarak) ile 3 lt’lik plastik bidonlardaaltmış gün silolanmıştır. Çayır otunun yemlik keçiboynuzunu kırığı ile silolanması oluşan silajların in vitro ve in situparçalanmasını önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında Yemlik keçiboynuzu kırığınınilavesi çayır silajlarının in vitro gaz üretim hızına (c) ve kolay fermente olan kısımdan elde edilen gaz üretimine (a)etkisi çok önemli olmasına rağmen, yavaş fermente olabilen kısımdan elde edilen gaz üretimini (b) etkilememiştir.Çayır otunun keçiboynuzu kırığı ile silolanması hızlı ve yavaş parçalanan kuru madde miktarını azaltmıştır. Diğertaraftan katkı maddesinin artmasıyla birlikte rumende proteinlerin parçalanmasının azaldığı görülmüştür. Sonuçolarak keçiboynuzu kırığı çayır otu silajında rumende proteinlerin aşırı parçalanmasını önlemek için silaj katkımaddesi olarak kullanılabilir.
Linalool Baskılı Polimer Sentezi
Authors: SOYSAL Mert
Published: December 2018

Spesifik tanıma özelliği bakımından molekül baskılama tekniği, üç boyutlu polimerik malzemelerinhazırlanmasında önemli bir araç haline gelmiştir. Üç boyutlu olarak çapraz bağlanmış polimerik malzemeler, kalıpmolekülünün bulunduğu ortamdaki fonksiyonel monomerlerin polimerizasyonu ile elde edilirler. Daha sonra,uygun sökme prosedürüyle kalıp molekülünün şekil, boyut ve fonksiyonel gruplarına ait tamamlayıcı tanımabölgeleri oluşturulur. Böylelikle, molekül baskılı polimerler, kalıp moleküle karşı seçici özellik göstermesinin yanısıra kararlı bir yapıda bulunması, sıcaklığa ve basınca karşı dayanıklı, kimyasallara karşı dirençli olmaları ve tekrarkullanılabilmeleri gibi özelliklerinden dolayı sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Günümüzde, moleküler baskılama tekniği,kromatografi, sensör vb. gibi çeşitli analitik tekniklerle başarı bir şekilde birleştirilmiştir. Linalool maddesininkalıp molekül olarak sentezlenen molekül baskılı polimerler, literatürde ilk kez bu çalışma ile yapılmıştır. Molekülbaskılı polimerlerin sentezinde, monomer olarak metakrilik asit, çapraz bağlayıcı olarak da etilenglikol dimetakrilatseçilmiştir. Baskılı polimerler süspansiyon polimerizasyonu yöntemiyle sentezlenmiştir. Elde edilen baskılıpolimerler ile grafit tozunun uygun oranlarında karıştırılmasıyla karbon pasta hazırlanmış ve elde imal edilmiş olanelektrotların içerisine bu pasta doldurularak elektrokimyasal ölçümler yapılmıştır.
Demiryolları Yolcularının Tutum ve Davranışlarının Farklı İstatistiksel Yöntemler ile Modellenmesi
Authors: BAYATA Halim Ferit , SAĞLAMYÜREK Hacer Nur , BAYRAK Osman Ünsal
Published: December 2018

Ülkemizde son yıllarda gelişim gösteren en önemli sektörlerden biri de ulaşım sistemleri olmuştur. Diğerulaşım sistemlerine göre daha fazla olan yük ve yolcu kapasiteleri, demiryollarının önümüzdeki yüzyılda stratejikönemini artıracaktır. Tarihi İpek Yolu’nun (Pekin-Londra) tekrar hayata geçerek Bakü-Tiflis-Kars demiryolununaçılmış olması, bu ulaşım sınıfının ülkemizde ve uluslararası platformdaki jeopolitik önemini artırmıştır. Buçalışmada, demiryolu bağlantı yollarının kesiştiği sekiz farklı ilde (Erzincan, Elazığ, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Kocaeli,İstanbul, Ankara, Sivas) 515 yolcu anketi yapılmıştır. Bu anketler, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryollarını(TCDD) kullanan yolcuların demiryolu hizmetlerinden faydalanırken beklentilerinin ve memnuniyet derecelerinintespiti için yapılmıştır. Bunun tespit edilmesi amacıyla çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinden biri olanAnalitik Hiyerarşik Proses (AHP) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci kısmında ise yolcuların tercih,tutum ve memnuniyet derecelerine göre demiryolu seyahat sıklığı talep modellemesi Yapay Sinir Ağları (YSA),Çok Değişkenli Regresyon (ÇDR) ve Bulanık Mantık (Fuzzy Logic-BM) yöntemleri yardımıyla modellenmiş,karşılaştırılmış ve yorumlanmıştır. AHP ile yapılan değerlendirmeler neticesinde, TCDD hizmetlerini kullananyolcular için hizmetlerin genellikle yeterli olduğu, hizmet düzeyinin iyileştirmeden ziyade stabil olarak kalmasınınuygun olacağı belirlenmiştir. YSA ve ÇDR ile modellemelere göre istatistiksel olarak YSA’nın daha başarılı biryöntem olduğu belirlenmiştir. BM ile yapılan modellemede ise yolcuların üç ayda bir seyahat ettikleri anlaşılmışolup, tercih, önem ve memnuniyet tutumları değiştikçe seyahat sıklığının değiştiği görülmüştür.
Kuru Gıdaların Rengini Muhafaza Etmeye Yönelik Yeni bir Teknik: İndirgen Atmosferik Kurutma
Authors: ALWAZEER Duried
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada elma ve kayısı meyveleri; dondurarak (liyofilizasyon), vakumda, fırında ve İndirgenAtmosferik Kurutma [hava, %100 azot ve indirgen gaz içeren bir gaz karışımı (RAD (Mix); %1-4 H2, %5 CO2,%91-94 N2) ile 3 farklı kurutma atmosferinde] olmak üzere farklı şekillerde kurutulmuştur. Kurutulan ürünlerinrenk değerleri (L*, a*, b*) ölçülmüş ve karşılaştırılmış, sonuç olarak elmada tazeye en yakın renk değerlerine,ilk sırada liyofilizasyon, ikinci sırada ise RAD (Mix) ile ulaşılmış ve esmerleşmenin en fazla fırın ile kurutulanelmalarda gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Kayısı örneklerinde ise en uygun kurutma yönteminin RAD (Mix) olduğusaptanmıştır. Liyofilizasyon sonrası, L* değerindeki artış ve b* değerindeki düşüş sebebiyle kuru kayısıda arzuedilen altın sarı renk elde edilememiştir. En fazla esmerleşme ve renk değişimi vakum kurutmada kurutulankayısılarda tespit edilmiştir.
Yeşil Çaydaki Antioksidan Moleküllerin Özelliklerinin Kuantum Kimyasal Yöntemler ile İncelenmesi
Authors: ENİSOĞLU ATALAY Vildan
Published: December 2018

Güçlü bir antioksidan olan yeşil çay, antimutajenik, antikanserojen ve antibakteriyel özellikler taşır. Yeşilçayın çoklu bileşenleri arasında flavonoidler, yeşilçayın antioksidan aktivitelerine büyük ölçüde katkıda bulunur.Bu araştırmada yeşil çay bitkisinin içinde bulunan moleküllerden OH grubu fazla olan gallokateşin, kaempferinin,striktinin, theaflavin ve isoviteksin molekülleri üzerinde durulmuştur. İncelenen bileşiklerin antioksidatifkapasitesini analiz etmek için üç ana antioksidan mekanizma HAT, SET-PT ve SPLET incelenmiştir. HesaplamalarıGaussian09 programı kullanılarak M062X/6–311+Gdp, moleküler tanımlayıcılar için ise HF/6-31++Gdp metotlarıile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada gaz fazında SPLET mekanizması etanol fazında ise SET-PT mekanizmasıtercih edilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite sırası gaz fazında gallokateşin>kaempferitin>isoviteksin>striktinin>theaflavinşeklinde iken etanol fazında ise isoviteksin>striktinin>gallokateşin>kaempferitin>theaflavin’dir.
Determination of Essential Oil Composition and Investigation of Phenolic Substance and Antioxidant Effect of “Helichrysum stoechas” from Hatay
Authors: AKÇA İsmail , TİMUR Mahir
Published: December 2018

This study was carried out to determine the essential oil composition, antioxidant capacity and totalphenolic substance of Helichrysum stoechas which was gathered from Hatay region. H. stoechas had a moisturecontent of 13.55 weight%, while the essential oil content of 0.3 wt% and ten volatile compounds were determinedand identified by GC. Predominantly volatile components are rosifoliol 4.89%, 3-methoxy-γ-asarone 34.69%,elemicin 3.24%, myristicin 23.35%, apiol 27.38%. Methanol soluble fraction was found to be 15.3%. Total phenolconcentration was found 256.55 ± 3.7 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of extract powder. DPPH free radical-scavengingactivity IC50 was found as 2.76 ± 44x10-2 mg mL-1. The inhibition value of methanolic extract was compared withBHA and BHT. The volatile oil is rich in hallucinogenic elemicin and myristicin. Obtained results showed that themethanolic extract was rich in phenolic content and has a close antioxidant activity to the synthetic antioxidantsBHT and BHA.
Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisinin Prostat Kanseri Teşhisinde Kullanılabilirliğinin Araştırılması
Authors: ALBAYRAK Mevlut
Published: December 2018

Fourier Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopisi (FT-IR) yöntemi, organik ve bazı durumlarda inorganikmateryalleri tanımlamak için kullanılan analitik bir tekniktir. Bu teknik, dalga boyuna karşı numune tarafındanabsorblanan kızılötesi radyasyonu ölçemeye yarar. Kızılötesi absorpsiyon bantları ise molekülün bileşenleri veyapıları hakkında bilgi verir. Prostat kanseri, erkeklerde spermi besleyen ve taşıyan seminal sıvıyı üreten, cevizşekilli küçük bir bez olan prostatta meydana gelen bir kanserdir. Prostat kanseri, erkeklerde en sık görülen kansertiplerinden biridir. Erken teşhis edilen prostat kanseri, prostat bezi ile sınırlı olduğu zaman tedavi şansı dahabaşarılı olur. Prostat kanseri tümörlerini sağlıklı hücrelerden ayırmak ve karakterize etmek için kemometrik yöntemdestekli, iyi bir doğruluk ve hassasiyete sahip basit, ucuz ve hızlı yeni bir alternatif FT-IR yönteminin geliştirilmesiamaçlanmıştır. Çalışmanın gerçekleştirilebilmesi için, histopatolojik ölçümlerle belirlenen hem kanser hem desağlıklı hücreleri içeren parafin bloklardan 20 mikron kalınlığında kesildi, lam üzerine yerleştirildi ve deparafinizeedildi. Hem sağlıklı (n = 10) hem de kanserli dokular (n = 10) 50-4000 cm-1 dalga boyu arasındaki kızılötesiışığa maruz bırakıldı. 20 örneğe 50-4000 cm-1 arasındaki kızılötesi ışığa karşı davranışlarını saptamak için temelbileşenler analizi (Principle Component Analysis, PCA) ileri bir formu olan ortogonal kısmi en küçük kareleranaliz (Ortogonal Partial Least Square, O-PLS) algoritması uygulandı. Elde edilen spektrumlar MATLAB softwarePLS Toolbox paket programında değerlendirildi. Kanserli ve sağlıklı hücreleri ayırmak için O-PLS analizi yapıldı.Önerilen yöntemin hassaslığı ve özgüllüğü, Ortogonal Sinyal Düzeltme (Orthogonal Signal Correction, OSC) önişlem yöntemi yardımıyla çok yüksek olduğu görüldü. Sonuç olarak, parafin bloklardan prostat kanser teşhisi içinalternatif bir FT-IR yöntemi geliştirildi ve başarıyla uygulandı.
Lidokain, Bupivakain ve Bunların Karışımının Meyve Sineklerinde Ömür Uzunluğu Üzerine Olan Etkisi
Authors: AŞKIN Hakan , TÜKENMEZ Ümmügülsüm
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada, farklı özelliklere sahip iki anestezik maddenin Drosophila melanogaster’de (meyve sineği)ömür uzunluğu üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu canlıda lokal anestezik maddelerin etkilerine yönelik oldukça azsayıda çalışma mevcuttur. Bu amaçla üçüncü evre larvalara lokal anestezik maddelerin farklı dozları (% 0.0625,% 0.125, % 0.25 ve % 0.5) uygulanmıştır. Kontrol ve uygulama gruplarından elde edilen verilerdebu maddeleremaruz kalan larvalardan gelişen ergin sineklerin ömür uzunluğueğişikliklerine neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buçalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar lidokain ve bupivakain uygulamalarının dişi bireylerde ömür uzunluğunu kontrolegöre arttırdığını ortaya çıkarmıştır (p<0.05). Bu iki lokal anestezik maddenin karışımı ise ortalama ömür uzunluğuve maksimum ortalama ömür uzunluğu üzerine olumlu etki göstermemiştir.
The association between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions and drowning in Bangladesh
Authors: Jagnoor Jagnoor , Gupta Medhavi , Ul Baset Kamran , Ryan Daniel , Ivers Rebecca , Rahman Aminur
Published: December 2018

The present study investigated associations between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) factors and fatal and non-fatal drowning events in Bangladesh. Here, we report findings from a large household survey (89,700) conducted in Barisal Division of Bangladesh. Univariate analyses showed that the use of surface water rather than piped water was associated with an increased risk of both fatal and non-fatal drowning events. Additionally, increased risk of non-fatal drowning events was associated with shared toilet facilities, lack of toilet facilities and non-cemented flooring such as bamboo and wood. The WASH measures reduce the need to access exposure to open water, thus reducing drowning events.
Weather, environmental conditions, and waterborne Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Iqaluit, Nunavut
Authors: Masina Stephanie , Shirley Jamal , Allen Jean , Sargeant Jan M. , Guy Rebecca A. , Wallis Peter M. , Scott Weese J. , Cunsolo Ashlee , Bunce Anna , Harper Sherilee L.
Published: December 2018

Indigenous communities in the Arctic often face unique drinking water quality challenges related to inadequate infrastructure and environmental contamination; however, limited research exists on waterborne parasites in these communities. This study examined Giardia and Cryptosporidium in untreated surface water used for drinking in Iqaluit, Canada. Water samples (n = 55) were collected weekly from June to September 2016 and tested for the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium using microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Exact logistic regressions were used to examine associations between parasite presence and environmental exposure variables. Using microscopy, 20.0% of samples tested positive for Giardia (n = 11) and 1.8% of samples tested positive for Cryptosporidium (n = 1). Low water temperatures (1.1 to 6.7 °C) and low air temperatures (−0.1 to 4.5 °C) were significantly associated with an increased odds of parasite presence (p = 0.047, p = 0.041, respectively). These results suggest that surface water contamination with Giardia and Cryptosporidium may be lower in Iqaluit than in other Canadian regions; however, further research should examine the molecular characterization of waterborne parasites to evaluate the potential human health implications in Northern Canada.
Water saving and productivity benefits of SRI: a study of tank, canal and groundwater irrigated settings in South India
Authors: Narayanamoorthy A. , Jothi P.
Published: December 2018

Paddy, which is predominantly cultivated under the conventional inundation method, is the largest water consuming crop in India. Given looming water scarcity, the inundation method of paddy cultivation is no longer sustainable. A newly introduced method of paddy cultivation, popularly known as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), is reportedly helping to reduce water consumption and increase land productivity. SRI has now been in practice for some years in India but the various impacts of SRI on water saving, land and water productivity as well as on profitability which are expected to vary in different ecological settings – namely in tank, canal and groundwater irrigated areas – remain largely unexplored. In this study, using data collected from a total sample of 300 farmers from three different settings in Tamil Nadu state, an attempt has been made to fill this gap. The study shows that by adopting the SRI method farmers can save about 40% of irrigation water and increase land productivity by about 46% while reducing the cost of cultivation by 23% over the conventional inundation method. While increasing irrigation water productivity and economic water productivity substantially, SRI also generates an additional profit of Rs 17,169/acre (1 USD = INR 70.12; 1 acre = 4047 m2) compared to that realised by non-SRI farmers.
Occurrence and removal of acesulfame and sucralose in the drinking water treatment plants along the Yangtze River
Authors: Wang Chen , Zheng Qi , Yang Xiaoqiu
Published: December 2018

Acesulfame (ACE) and sucralose (SUC) are ideal sewage markers for drinking water. In this paper, 33 samples were collected from eight cities' drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) along the Yangtze River to analyse the occurrence and removal of ACE and SUC. These two compounds were determined using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. The limits of detection for ACE and SUC were 1.75 ng/L and 0.03 ng/L, respectively. The results showed that ACE and SUC existed widely in DWTPs along the Yangtze River. The concentration of ACE was 13–320 ng/L and the concentration of SUC was 200–1,592 ng/L. In general, the concentrations of ACE and SUC increased from upstream to downstream but decreased after water treatment procedures at every DWTP. In most DWTPs, a 9–30% removal of ACE and SUC was achieved using traditional chlorination disinfection technology. Ozonation combined with granular activated carbon filtration techniques had a high removal efficiency (63.8% for ACE and 50.2% for SUC).
FATORES ESTRESSORES QUE INFLUENCIAM NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA, GERANDO DANOS À SAÚDE DO POLICIAL MILITAR
Authors: Bernardino Régis Coelho , Bernardino Adriana Vasconcelos
Published: December 2018

Diante do atual panorama econômico em que o País se encontra, em especial, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, o Serviço de Segurança Pública vivencia um momento de grande desgaste, ocasionando uma redução na qualidade de vida causada por fatores estressores internos e externos que acometem o Policial Militar. Podemos dizer que fatores de diversas ordens como: biológico, psicológico, sociocultural e ambiental, incidem sobre a vida do policial militar, causando-lhes uma pré-disposição ao adoecimento, em função da experiência emocional que hoje vivenciam e que afeta, diretamente, os significados pessoais, emocionais e sentimentais que aplicam aos fatos em suas vidas. Tais experiências podem ser tão dolorosas para estes policiais militares que, muitas vezes, tornam este profissional incapaz para continuar a exercer suas atividades. Pretende-se com este artigo, provocar uma reflexão sobre as condições atuais de trabalho do policial militar, a fim de identificar os problemas existentes e, consequentemente, estimular que novas pesquisas possam surgir e contribuir para que sejam levantadas alternativas que minimizem ou previnam estes prejuízos, contribuindo para o aumento na qualidade de vida e de melhores condições de saúde e segurança do trabalho policial militar.
E assim a Música caminhou pelo Brasil...
Authors: Da Silva Soares de Oliveira Luiz Pedro , Rodrigues Marinéa Figueira
Published: December 2018

O presente estudo objetivou investigar a importância da música como ferramenta de ensino em nossas escolas, ressaltando um breve histórico do seu ensino através dos tempos, dando destaque ao cenário brasileiro.  Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico, com renomados autores no assunto. A pesquisa pretendeu contar um breve relato da história da música, afirmando a sua relevância na realidade escolar.
HEMATOCOLPO EM IMPERFURAÇÃO HIMENIAL E SUAS CONSEQUÊNCIAS: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Elmôr Coutinho Miguel Carolina Rohr , Coutinho Elmôr Miguel Camila Rohr , Ruffato José Raphael Bigonha
Published: December 2018

Hematometrocolpo é a retenção de sangue na região uterina e no canal vaginal devido ao bloqueio do corrimento ginecológico, sendo o hímen imperfurado (HI) umas de suas causas. O HI é perceptível em qualquer período de vida pelo exame físico do aparelho genital externo, sendo notado frequentemente durante a puberdade, quando surgem sintomas acarretados pela obstrução. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar o caso uma adolescente com caracteres sexuais secundários adequados para a idade, em estágios M3/P3 de Tanner, ausência de sexarca e menarca, a qual manifestou clínica de abdomen agudo secundário ao hematocolpo pela imperfuração himenial.
Alvenaria estrutural na construção civil
Authors: Mendes de Avellar Junior Luiz Antonio Avellar , Da Rocha Pereira Menezes Beatriz , Mendes de Avellar Junior Luiz Antonio , Ignácio Diniz Tatiana , Henriques Motta Eiras Diego , José da Costa Gomes Gustavo , José Fermiano Paschoal Cleber
Published: December 2018

A alvenaria estrutural é uma tecnologia construtiva tradicional que vem sendo utilizada há milhares de anos, tendo apresentado nas últimas décadas, grandes e visíveis avanços, tornando-se um processo construtivo racionalizado com normas técnicas consistentes e específicas. Torna-se uma solução bastante viável para o grande déficit habitacional do Brasil, uma vez que é mais rápida, racional e barata, quando comparada com a construção tradicional. O presente artigo tem como foco pesquisar o processo de execução da Alvenaria Estrutural visando demonstrar que a mesma, por ser um sistema construtivo que adota os princípios de racionalização, industrialização, qualidade e economia, é bastante adequada para a realidade brasileira. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o processo de execução da alvenaria estrutural, demonstrando seus princípios de racionalização, industrialização, qualidade e economia, que tornam este sistema construtivo bastante adequado para a realidade brasileira. Para tanto, é realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica com abordagem qualitativa incluindo obras utilizando este tipo de alvenaria, sendo criteriosamente analisadas e selecionadas. Também são apresentadas fotos de acompanhamento de uma obra utilizando-se alvenaria estrutural, para exemplificação da simplicidade de execução. Como resultado final é verificado que a alvenaria estrutural proporciona uma economia real de dinheiro e de tempo no processo construtivo.
Hypervalent Iodine-Mediated Synthesis of Spiroheterocycles via Oxidative Cyclization
Authors: Xing Linlin , Zhang Yong , Du Yunfei
Published: December 2018

Hypervalent iodine reagents have been widely used in the construction of many important building blocks and privileged scaffolds of bioactive natural products. This review article aims to briefly discuss strategies that have used hypervalent iodine reagents as oxidants to synthesize spiroheterocyclic compounds and to stimulate further study for novel syntheses of spiroheterocyclic core structures using hypervalent iodine reagents under metal-free conditions.
Potential Applications of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Wang Xiaotong , Han Zhenbo , Yu Ying , Xu Zihang , Cai Benzhi , Yuan Ye
Published: December 2018

Owning the high incidence and disability rate in the past decades, to be expected, cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs) have become one of the leading death causes worldwide. Currently, induced
pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), with the potential to form fresh myocardium and improve the functions
of damaged hearts, have been studied widely in experimental CVD therapy. Moreover, iPSC-derived
cardiomyocytes (CMs), as novel disease models, play a significant role in drug screening, drug safety
assessment, along with the exploration of pathological mechanisms of diseases. Furthermore, a lot of
studies have been carried out to clarify the biological basis of iPSCs and its derived cells in the treatment
of CVDs. Their molecular mechanisms were associated with release of paracrine factors, regulation
of miRNAs, mechanical support of new tissues, activation of specific pathways and specific enzymes,
etc. In addition, a few small chemical molecules and suitable biological scaffolds play positive
roles in enhancing the efficiency of iPSC transplantation. This article reviews the development and
limitations of iPSCs in CVD therapy, and summarizes the latest research achievements regarding the
application of iPSCs in CVDs.
Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Carbazole Fused Aminopyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Spandana Zanjam , Sreenivasulu Reddymasu , Basaveswara Rao Mandava V.
Published: December 2018

Carbazole is an important type of tricyclic nitrogen containing compound and isolated first from coal tar in 1872 by Graebe and Glazer. Carbazole alkaloids have received considerable attention since their discovery in the 1960’s and their derivatives are well known for their pharmacological activities. Many recent studies have reported that carbazole derivatives exhibit a variety of biological activities. Toxicity of test compound in cells was determined by MTT assay based on mitochondrial reduction of yellow MTT tetrazolium dye to a highly blue colored formazan product. Among the ten synthesized compounds, 12c, 12d, 12e, 12f, 12g and 12i were showed good activity. In which 12c, 12d and 12e showed moderate activity on MCF-7 cancer cell line. Compounds 12f, 12g and 12i showed more potent activity than control. Compounds 12f, 12g and 12i showed more potent activity than control adriamycin. In future, we will plan further mechanistic studies on most potent active compounds 12f, 12g and 12i.
The Cognitive Profile of Persons with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Ekman Elizabeth , Hiltunen Arto J.
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is often comorbid with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). But to what extent can obsessional symptoms in individuals with ASD be considered “genuinely” comorbid OCD – or are there other mechanisms that are related to ASD? Which mechanisms in OCD with and without ASD share common features? People with ASD have a cognitive profile characterized by “mindblindness”; the antecedent is often referred to in terms of not knowing how to perform or behave and this is the cause of discomfort. This raises the question whether individuals with ASD and comorbid OCD share the same cognitive elements of responsibility interpretation and the same fear of causing harm as individuals who merely have OCD.

Objective:

The aim of the present study is therefore to evaluate the extent of responsibility interpretation in individuals with OCD alone compared with people experiencing OCD in the context of ASD.

Methods:

Two instruments, the Responsibility Attitude Scale (RAS) and the Responsibility Interpretations Questionnaire (RIQ), were administered to three groups of participants: (i) individuals diagnosed with OCD (n = 32); (ii) individuals with ASD and OCD (n = 19); and (iii) non-clinical control participants (n = 23).

Results:

Results indicate significant differences in all measures of responsibility belief (interpretation of obsession and assumption of responsibility) between the OCD-only group and the two other groups.

Conclusion:

The conclusion is that OCD in people with ASD is not as “genuine” as in people with only OCD, according to cognitive behavioral theory of OCD.
Serum Level of Endothelial Cell-Specific Molecule -1 (ESM -1) as a New Potential Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity
Authors: Abdelsalam Noha , Mohamed Ashraf Hussein , Abdellatif Sameh , Eid Eslam , Rizk Ehsan Mohamed , Rizk Mohamed Anies
Published: December 2018

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of the joint cartilage and bone. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) in RA may be related to disease activity. Our objective is to explore serum levels of endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) as a biomarker for RA disease activity.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was carried out and included 83 adult patients with RA, in addition to 20 healthy subjects (age and sex-matched) as a control group. Based on Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS-28), the patient's group was subdivided into four subgroups(remission, mild, moderate and severe disease activity state). The demographic & clinical data, BMI, DAS-28 and Serological assessment [Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), CRP, Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibody (ACPA)] were recorded. ESM-1was assayed for all participants.

Results:

Serum levels of ESM1 were significantly higher in the patient group than the control group (P< 0.0001). ESM-1 serum levels were significantly higher in patients with severe disease activity subgroup compared with patients with remission and mild disease activity subgroups (P< 0.0001). ESM-1 was positively and significantly correlated with DAS-28 score, The Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and modified Larsen score (P= 0.002, 0.0001 & 0.0001 respectively).

Conclusion:

ESM-1 could be a biomarker for RA disease activity.
Differences in SBP, BMI, and Stress with AUDIT Score in Adolescents
Authors: Cho Mi-Kyoung , Kim Mi Young
Published: December 2018

Background:

Consumption of alcohol by adolescents is known to have negative effects on their psychological health (ie.g., depression and stress) and physical health.

Objective:

To investigate factors influencing systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and stress according to Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores among adolescents.

Methods:

This descriptive study included 535 adolescents younger than 20 years who participated in the Sixth National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted in middle and high schools in 2013. Data collected were analyzed using PASW Statistics version 23.0.

Results:

Mean age of these subjects was 15.20 ± 0.08 years. There were 268 (51.0%) male students and 286 (48.6%) middle-school students. Their systolic blood pressure, body mass index, and stress scores were 108.79 ± 0.54 mmHg, 21.22 ± 0.19 kg/m2, and 2.06 ± 0.04, respectively. In low-risk group (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores ≤ 7), sex (male) and body mass index explained 22.9% of the variance in systolic blood pressure model (WaldF= 35.28,p< 0.001). Systolic blood pressure was the only significant factor influencing body mass index, with an explanatory power of 16.4% (WaldF= 13.91,p< 0.001). Depression was a significant influencing variable for the stress model, with an explanatory power of 15.1% (WaldF= 16.20,p< 0.001). Stress was the only significant factor influencing the body mass index model in the high-risk group (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test scores > 7), with the explanatory power of 14.3% (WaldF= 4.14,p= 0.018).

Conclusion:

This study found that systolic blood pressure was an influencing factor of body mass index model in both groups while depression was the main factor influencing stress in low-risk group adolescents.
[68Ga]-Dota Peptide PET/CT in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Main Clinical Applications
Authors: Giovannini Elisabetta , Giovacchini Giampiero , Borsò Elisa , Lazzeri Patrizia , Riondato Mattia , Leoncini Rossella , Duce Valerio , Ciarmiello Andrea
Published: December 2018

Objective:

Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (NENs) are generally defined as rare and heterogeneous
tumors. The gastrointestinal system is the most frequent site of NENs localization, however they
can be found in other anatomical regions, such as pancreas, lungs, ovaries, thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal
glands. Neuroendocrine neoplasms have significant clinical manifestations depending on the
production of active peptide.

Methods:

Imaging modalities play a fundamental role in initial diagnosis as well as in staging and
treatment monitoring of NENs, in particular they vastly enhance the understanding of the physiopathology
and diagnosis of NENs through the use of somatostatin analogue tracers labeled with appropriate
radioisotopes. Additionally, the use of somatostatin analogues provides the ability to in-vivo measure
the expression of somatostatin receptors on NEN cells, a process that might have important therapeutic
implications.

Results:

A large body of evidences showed improved accuracy of molecular imaging based on PET/CT
radiotracer with SST analogues (e.g. [68Ga]-DOTA peptide) for the detection of NEN lesions in comparison
to morphological imaging modalities. So far, the role of imaging technologies in assessing
treatment response is still under debate.

Conclusion:

This review offers the systems of classification and grading of NENs and summarizes the
more useful recommendations based on data recently published for the management of patients with
NENs, with special focus on the role of imaging modalities based on SST targeting with PET / CT
radiotracers.
A Numerical Investigation of Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Bhat Bharath K , Adhikari Raviraja , Acharya Kiran Kumar V
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) reconstruction by anatomic method is the most popular method of reconstruction. This method of ACL reconstruction utilizes Anteromedial Portal (AMP) techniques.

Methods:

In this study, five human subjects with healthy knee joints were considered on which Lachman test was simulated. Traditional Transtibial (TT) and AMP techniques were simulated in this study. The mean value of Von – Mises stress on the ACL was calculated. ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon graft was simulated in a finite element analysis on four healthy human knee joints. Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) of knee joints of four healthy human subjects were analyzed in this study for statistical significance of the results. Both techniques were simulated in each of the subjects. The hamstring tendon graft used had a diameter of 9 mm. The tibial foot print was 44.6 ± 2.5% from the anterior margin and 48 ± 3% from the medial margin. The femoral foot print was calculated based on Mochizuki’s method at 38.7 ± 2.7% from the deep subchondral margin.

Results:

The obliquity of reconstructed – ACL (R – ACL) to the tibial plateau for AM technique was in the range of 51 to 58 degrees in the sagittal plane and 69 to 76 degrees in the coronal plane. In the case of TT technique, it was in the range of 59 to 69 degrees in the coronal plane and 72 to 78 degrees in the coronal plane in the femur. Similarly, the sagittal obliquity of R – ACL in the tibia was 55 degrees. The mean Von–Mises stress in the R – ACL for AMP technique was 17.74 ± 3.01 MPa. The stresses in the R – ACL for AMP technique is consistently near to the mean stress in the intact ACL. Whereas, stresses in the R – ACL used in TT technique are not consistently near to the stresses in the intact ACL of a healthy human knee joint.

Conclusion:

Hence, AMP technique is the better technique between AMP and TT techniques of ACL reconstruction.
Trypsin‐Immobilized Silica: A Novel Adsorbent for V(IV) and V(V) Removal from Water
Authors: Yayayürük Aslı Erdem , Shahwan Talal , Şanlı‐Mohamed Gülşah , Eroğlu Ahmet E.
Published: December 2018

In the present study, trypsin‐immobilized silica was employed for the removal of V(IV) and V(V) ions from water. The synthesized sorbent was first characterized and then investigated for the removal of V(IV) and V(V) under various experimental conditions. The adsorption performance of the sorbent was tested as a function of pH, sorbent amount, initial vanadium concentration, contact time, and temperature. The sorption process was then investigated, both from a kinetic perspective and also in terms of isotherm models. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm was the best model to describe the sorption process. Sorption thermodynamics were spontaneous and exothermic. The proposed method was successfully applied to real samples for the removal of V(IV)and V(V) with sufficient accuracy and precision.
Biomass, Nitrogen Uptake and Content of Wolffia arrhiza Depends on Strength of Swine Lagoon Water
Authors: Chikuvire Tichaedza J. , Muchaonyerwa Pardon , Zengeni Rebecca
Published: December 2018

Studies focusing on manipulation of growth conditions for duckweed Wolffia arrhiza to promote biomass for crop nutrient supply, are scarce. The effects of swine lagoon water (SLW) concentration and its replenishment and harvest regimes on selected properties of W. arrhiza were investigated. Dry matter and average growth rate of W. arrhiza were not affected by SLW replenishment periods, whereas the properties decreased with increasing concentration of SLW. The carbon and carbon/nitrogen content increased as the period between solution replenishment increased and as SLW concentration declined from 15 to 5%. Harvesting regimes did not affect the nitrogen content and uptake of duckweed, , and mineral‐N of SLW. Harvesting duckweed once per week resulted in higher growth rate and biomass, compared with twice a week. Findings from this study suggest that W. arrhiza cultured on 10% SLW and harvested once a week yields biomass with nitrogen content suitable for crop nutrient supply.
Urban Flood Estimation and Evaluation of the Performance of an Urban Drainage System in a Semi‐Arid Urban Area Using SWMM
Authors: Rabori Ali Moafi , Ghazavi Reza
Published: December 2018

Estimation of urban runoff peak and volume is a fundamental step in determining the transferring capacity of urban drainage systems. The main aim of this study was to present an application of the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) in order to estimate urban flooding of a semi‐arid area (Zanjan city in the northwest of Iran). The performance of an urban drainage system in the study area was also investigated. According to the results, SWMM is an effective tool for urban flood estimation in a semi‐arid area. In this study, urban peak flow was simulated via a calibrated model with acceptable accuracy. Based on the results of the model simulation, the capacity of the main canals in the study area is sufficient for peak runoff transferring for a design storm with 50 year return periods, without retrofitting. Whereas, based on local observation and model results, localized and surface flooding can be observed in some urban areas.
Evolution of Functional Bacteria in a Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)‐Degrading Bioreactor
Authors: Wang Ruifei , Chen Xuanyu , Yang Qingxiang
Published: December 2018

In this study a laboratory‐scale sequencing batch bioreactor was constructed, using phenanthrene/pyrene as the sole carbon‐source, to demonstrate the removal efficiencies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the evolution process of a functional bacterial community. The removal rates were: COD, 51.4 to 76.3%; phenanthrene, 63.5 to 92.4%; and pyrene, 65.9 to 90.1%. Quantification analysis indicated that in sludge samples from the phenanthrene/pyrene degradation stage, the contents of 16S rRNA and ring‐hydroxylating dioxygenase genes of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria were 10‐and 72‐, 102‐ and 1152‐, 31‐ and 905‐fold higher, respectively, than those in seed sludge samples. Clone sequencing and evolution analysis showed that genera Comamonas, Pseudomonas, and Mycobacterium were distributed across all samples and were significant PAH‐degrading populations, but some genera, such as Polaromonas and Nocardioides, were substantially enriched only when phenanthrene/pyrene was fed. Correspondingly, the functional genes nidA3, phnAc, and ndoC2 were distributed across all samples, whereas nagAc, pdoA2, and pdoA were enriched only when phenanthrene/pyrene was fed.
Design of Gravel‐Sand Filter for Arsenic Removal: A Case Study of Muzaffargarh District in Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Yasir , Majeed Sahresh , Ali Shafqat , Ahmad Hafiz Badaruddin , Akhtar Naeem , Yokota Hiroshi
Published: December 2018

Arsenic decontamination of drinking water has grabbed significant attention due to arsenic's serious effects on health. A novel gravel‐sand filter (GSF) holding zero‐valent iron plates was designed and constructed in Muzaffargarh district (Pakistan) for arsenic removal from drinking water with lower iron concentration (0.3 ppm). The GSF efficiently removed arsenic up to 99.99% with long‐term stability. The GSF provides 800 liters of arsenic‐free drinking water in 39 hours with a rate of 2.5 L/h. A tentative mechanism for arsenic removal is evaluated and described on the basis of oxidation‐coagulation‐adsorption processes. Chemical composition of underground water is also analyzed and discussed. This GSF design will open a new avenue for arsenic removal and can be extended to other parts of the world.
Sewer Sediment Bacterial Communities Suggest Potential to Transform Persistent Organic Pollutants
Authors: Krumins Valdis , Sun Weimin , Guo Jia , Capozzi Staci , Fennell Donna E. , Rodenburg Lisa A.
Published: December 2018

Sediments of combined sewers are seeded with microbes from a variety of sources, and experience varying biogeochemical conditions. A variety of redox processes have been demonstrated to occur within sewer systems, as well as transformation of several recalcitrant xenobiotic contaminants. Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene from sediments of three combined sewer systems in the northeastern United States resulted in 10 000 to 47 000 operational taxonomic units per sample. Whereas orders Clostridiales and Bacteroidales, considered human fecal indicators, were dominant in one city's sediments; other cities had communities suggestive of diverse redox processes, including reductive dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds. Collection systems previously associated with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) biotransformation, and those with elevated in situ PCB concentrations, had high abundances of Dehalococcoidetes. The results suggest that wastewater collection systems have intrinsic passive treatment capacity, reducing contaminant loads on water resource recovery facilities and, ultimately, on receiving waters.
FORMULATION OF IMMEDIATE RELEASE (IR) ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM PELLETS AND SUSTAINED RELEASE (SR) GLIBENCLAMIDE FOR FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION DOSAGE FORM
Authors: K Kowshik , Gupta N Vishal , Dv Gowda , Sivadasu Praveen
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of the present research was to develop fixed-dose combinations for the treatment of dyslipidemia, associated with type-II diabetes mellitus for improvement of glucose tolerance.Methods: Multiple unit pellet systems (MUPSs) consisting immediate release atorvastatin calcium pellets and sustained release glibenclamide were formulated by spheronization technique. The characterization of formulated pellets was done by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies, and formulated pellets were evaluated for solubility, viscosity, pH, and in vitro studies.Results: From FT-IR and DSC studies, it was confirmed that no chemical interaction existed between the drug and the natural polymers used. Solubility of glibenclamide was found to be 4.38 and 18.24 and atorvastatin calcium was found to be 6.84, 214.67, and 287.43 g/L. The viscosity of 1% w/v of locust bean gum, guar gum, and ghatti gum was found to be 169 cP, 124 cP, and 31 cP in distilled water. The pH of locust bean gum, guar gum, and gum ghatti solutions was found to be 5.6±0.49, 5.2±0.27, and 4.7±0.51. The in vitro studies suggested that glibenclamide pellets had shown a sustained release till 12 h, while atorvastatin calcium had shown immediate release of drug due to rapid disintegration of pellets.Conclusion: Thus, MUPS can be considered as an alternative approach to treat diabetes induced dyslipidemia.
ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY OF COMBINED EXTRACTS PREPARED USING FICUS RELIGIOSA AND FICUS BENGHALENSIS LEAVES AGAINST CERVICAL CANCER CELL LINE (HELA)
Authors: Kumaresan Suriya , Ramasamy Rema , Jayachandran Philip Robinson
Published: December 2018

Objectives: Medicinal plants and herbs are used in combination in Ayurveda and folklore medicine as they exhibit good cytotoxic activity. In the present study, the antioxidant, phytochemical, and cell proliferation activity of the combined crude methanolic extract of Ficus religiosa and Ficus benghalensis leaves were investigated.Methods: Antioxidant activity was performed by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide methods, and the presence of the phytochemicals was screened using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The extract was further evaluated for its cell proliferation activity against cancer cells using the mitochondrial reduction assay. Antioxidant property of the extracts was measured using the DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, respectively, using the UV spectrophotometer.Results: The combined extract exhibited strong antioxidant potential in DPPH assay by increase in the percentage of inhibition with the increase in concentration. Similarly, the IC50 value of the methanol extract in peroxidase scavenging activity was 49.85 μg/mL comparatively lower than the ascorbic acid used as standard. The phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract showed the presence of nine phytoconstituents, which exhibit antioxidant and anticancer property. Mitochondrial reduction assay performed to evaluate the cell proliferation activity of the combined leave extract showed that increase in the concentration of the extract decreased the cell proliferation in the HeLa cell line.Conclusion: The results of present study show a possible synergistic activity of leaves against human cervical cancer.
ORAL CYCLOSPORINE AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR INITIAL STANDARD PROPHYLAXIS IN ALLOGENEIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION WHEN INTRAVENOUS FORMULATION IS UNAVAILABLE
Authors: Leon-rodriguez Eucario , Rivera-franco Monica M
Published: December 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the incidence of acute graft versus host disease (aGVHD) between oral and intravenous (IV) initial standard cyclosporine A (CsA) prophylaxis in a tertiary care center in Mexico.Methods: A total of 117 consecutive patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT) were retrospectively analyzed. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of CsA and methotrexate (MTX). CsA was administered IV, until 2005, when it was withdrawn from the market, and CsA was administered orally.Results: Most of the patients were male (55%), with a median age of 33 years (range, 15–63). 92 patients (79%) received CsA orally, and 25 (22%) intravenously. There were no significant differences in CsA concentrations during weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 between the oral and IV group. From the entire cohort, 1 patient (4%) from the IV group and 16 (17%) from the oral group developed aGVHD, respectively. Sex, gender disparity, and HSCT source were statistically associated with aGVHD in the multivariate analysis.Conclusions: Using oral instead of IV CsA for aGVHD prophylaxis is feasible and could be financially efficient; nonetheless, our results showed a higher incidence of aGVHD in the oral group; however, our study has limitations and further prospective studies including a larger cohort are encouraged.
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL STUDY OF EUGENIA STIPITATA MC VAUGH COLLECTED IN THE COLOMBIAN ANDEAN REGION
Authors: Álvarez Andree , JimÉnez Ángel , Méndez Jonh , Murillo Elizabeth
Published: December 2018

Objective: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the chemical and bioactive properties of Eugenia stipitata (Myrtaceae) fruit seeds collected in the Andean region of Colombia using an ethanolic extract, a dichloromethane fraction (DF), and a hydroalcoholic residue.Methods: E. stipitata seeds were evaluated using bromatological analysis; these were macerated (ethanol 96%) and partitioned (dichloromethane). Phytophenols composition of the samples was tested by high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and Folin–Ciocalteu method, then calculated as gallic acid equivalents (GAEs). Antiradical capacity was tested by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS•+) and inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) was calculated; antioxidant capacity was determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and OH• radical and hemolysis inhibition assays. Anthelmintic activity against Panagrellus redivivus and ovine gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes and toxicity on human blood cells were tested.Results: E. stipitata seeds contain protein, sulfur, boron, iron, and copper. The ethanolic extract exhibited significant anthelmintic activity against free-living and GI nematodes, which would be associated with the phytophenols content, mostly tannins (29.14 g GAE/100 g). DF displayed the highest antiradical capacity in DPPH• and ABTS•+ (IC50: 2.65 and 0.33 mg/l, respectively) methods, antioxidant capacity, and hemolysis inhibition of human erythrocytes (IC50: 200 mg/l). There were no toxic metabolites to human blood cells.Conclusion: These findings would be useful for promoting the use of E. stipitata seeds, collected in the Colombian Andean region, in biotechnological processes. This is the earliest paper showing a study carried out in Colombia with an interest in evaluating chemical and biological characteristics of E. stipitata seeds.