bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noncritical acousto-optic Bragg phase matching: analysis of orthorhombic and monoclinic crystal systems
Authors: Yushkov Konstantin B.
Published: July 2021

Anisotropic acousto-optic diffraction in crystals is the fundamental phenomenon that is used to design acousto-optic tunable filters. Noncritical and quasicollinear phase-matching geometries of Bragg acousto-optic diffraction are compared for acoustic symmetry planes in four crystal systems (tetragonal, trigonal, orthorhombic, and monoclinic). The results for uniaxial crystals are reviewed and generalized for biaxial crystals. It is shown that cubic frequency dependence on the Bragg angle exists in two symmetry planes of orthorhombic crystals and conditionally exists in the symmetry plane of monoclinic crystals. It is also shown that there are two points in the symmetry plane of monoclinic crystals where noncritical phase matching takes place in quasicollinear diffraction geometry that can be used to design high-resolution tunable filters. Phase-matching configurations in

α

-iodic acid and potassium gadolinium tungstate crystals are analyzed.
Tailoring Ince-Gaussian arrays based on a computer-generated hologram
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Li Yao , Hu Xiaobo , Jin Liwei
Published: July 2021

The continually expanding interest in Ince-Gaussian modes has arisen due to their highly complex and widely varying spatial structures, which allow these fascinating diverse light modes to be significant to various topics. In this paper, we propose a technique for generating beam arrays that contain four Ince-Gaussian modes. By utilizing a single digital hologram, the intensity distributions of each mode in the array can be manipulated independently and flexibly. This work provides a feasible method to realize the controllable multiplexing of Ince-Gaussian modes, which has potential application in numerous important areas.
Phase and amplitude reconstruction in single-pixel transmission microscopy: a comparison of Hadamard, cosine, and noiselet bases
Authors: Santos-Amador A. , Araiza-Esquivel M. , González H. , Rodríguez-Cobos A. , Tajahuerce E. , Martínez-León L. , Ramírez-Flores G. , Balderas-Navarro R. E.
Published: July 2021

Hadamard, cosine, and noiselet bases are implemented into a digital
holographic microscope based on single-pixel imaging with the
capability to retrieve images of complex objects. The object is
illuminated with coherent light modulated with different patterns
deployed in a digital micromirror device, and the resulting fields are
captured by single-pixel detection. For amplitude images, the
experimental results of the three bases are evaluated with the peak
SNR criteria. It is shown that the cosine basis recovers amplitude
distributions with the best quality. Regarding phase images, the
recovered ones compare well with those obtained with a CMOS
camera.
Refined Sellmeier equations for BaGa4S7
Authors: Kato Kiyoshi , Badikov Valeriy V. , Miyata Kentaro , Petrov Valentin
Published: July 2021

This paper reports refined Sellmeier equations for the biaxial nonlinear crystal

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a
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7

that provide a good reproduction of the phase-matching angles for second-harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) of the mid-IR outputs of Nd:YAG and Ho:YLF laser-pumped optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) and a frequency-doubled

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laser in the 0.7584–8.018 µm range. The theoretical results are found to agree with the recent experimental data for 1-µm-pumped optical parametric processes based on

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beyond 8 µm.
Wide-field grating-prism imaging spectrometer: optical design and implementation
Authors: Wei Lidong , Zhou Jinsong , Li Yacan , Feng Lei , Jing Juanjuan , Yang Lei , Nie Boyang , Xu Li , He Xiaoying
Published: July 2021

A wide-field imaging spectrometer based on a grating prism is proposed.
The grating and prism parameters are discussed to balance spectral
distortion over the entire band. The design method of the
grating-prism (GP) dispersive module and the catadioptric optics of
the spectrometer are discussed in detail. A high optical speed (F/2.4)
and long slit (29.4 mm) visible and near-infrared design with high
image quality and small distortion is presented. The results show that
the optical performance of the GP imaging spectrometer is excellent.
The tolerance analysis indicates that the GP spectrometer can be
easily manufactured and implemented. The prototype has been tested in
the laboratory and outdoors, and the results confirmed that the design
will be useful in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics.
Intelligent target recognition for distributed acoustic sensors by using both manual and deep features
Authors: Wu Huijuan , Wang Chaoqun , Liu Xinyu , Gan DengKe , Liu Yimeng , Rao Yunjiang , Olaribigbe Abdulafeez Olawale
Published: July 2021

Effective information mining of fiber-optic distributed acoustic
sensors (DAS) is so important that it attracts more and more public
attention, and various manual and deep feature extraction methods have
been developed. However, either way it has limits; for example, the
manual features contain insufficient information, and the deep
features could be unreliable because of the overfitting problem. Thus,
in this paper, to avoid the disadvantages of each and make full use of
the effective information carried by DAS signals, an intelligent
target recognition method by utilizing both manual and deep features
is proposed. The manual features are first extracted in the time
domain, frequency domain, semantic domain, and from dynamic models,
which are fused with the deep features extracted by a four-layer 1D
convolutional neural network (CNN) through feature engineering. The
features are ranked and then selected by a combined weighting method
of analysis of variance and maximum information coefficient. Then
finally, an optimal classifier is selected by comparing support vector
machine, extreme gradient boost, random forest, and native Bayesian.
In the test with real field data, four types of features, which
include the manual features, the CNN features, and the combined
features without and with selection, are compared with these different
classifiers. As a result, it shows the combined features without
selection can improve the identification ability of DAS
compared with the recognition with only manual or deep features. The
combined features with selection can further improve the computation
efficiency and save up to 90% of time with a performance degradation
of less than 1%.
Precise control of squeezing angle to generate 11 dB entangled state
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Jiao Nanjing , Li Ruixin , Tian Long , Wang Yajun , Zheng Yaohui
Published: July 2021

The strength of the quantum correlations of a continuous-variable entangled state is determined by several relative phases in the preparation, transmission, and detection processes of entangled states. In this paper, we report the first experimental and theoretical demonstrations of the precision of relative phases associated with the strength of quadrature correlations. Based on the interrelations of the relative phases, three precisely phase-locking methodologies are established: ultralow RAM control loops for the lengths and relative phases stabilization of the DOPAs, difference DC locking for the relative phase between the two squeezed beams, and DC-AC joint locking for the relative phases in BHDs. The phase-locking loops ensure the total phase noise to be 9.7±0.32/11.1±0.36 mrad. Finally, all the relative phase deviations are controlled to be in the range of −35 to 35 mrad, which enhances the correlations of the amplitude and phase quadratures to −11.1 and −11.3 dB. The entanglement also exhibits a broadband squeezing bandwidth up to 100 MHz. This paves a valuable resource for experimental realization and applications in quantum information and precision measurement.
Effects of remote sediment phosphor plates on high power laser-based white light sources
Authors: Li Yan , Zhang Xingfei , Yang Hua , Yi Xiaoyan , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin
Published: July 2021

Phosphor-converted blue laser diodes are regarded as the next-generation high-brightness solid-state lighting sources. However, it is difficult to obtain white light with high angular color uniformity due to the Gaussian distribution of the laser light sources. Meanwhile, laser excitation power density of the light source is high, which would bring serious heating effects to the phosphor layers. In this study, a strategy has been proposed to solve the problem by using remote sediment phosphor plates. In detail, we have compared the effects of remote sediment/non-sediment phosphor plates to the phosphor-converted blue laser diodes on the overall light output characteristics, angular optical distribution properties, as well as their thermal performance. The emission from sediment phosphor samples has been found more divergent, and angular deviation in the correlated color temperature of the emitted light could be greatly reduced from 1486 to 294 K, yet with only 5% luminous flux loss, as compared to non-sediment phosphor samples. Most importantly, the sediment phosphor sample pushes the power damage threshold up to 588.1 W/cm2 (non-sediment sample: 512.3 W/cm2). Our work has demonstrated the sediment phosphor plates would ameliorate the angular color uniformity for the laser-based lighting source, while extending its lifespan with improved thermal stability.
Robust and easy-to-operate stretched-pulse mode-locked wavelength-swept laser with an all-polarization-maintaining fiber cavity for 10  MHz A-line rate optical coherence tomography
Authors: Joo JongYoon , Kim Tae Shik , Vakoc Benjamin J. , Oh Wang-Yuhl
Published: July 2021

We demonstrate robust and easy-to-operate stretched-pulse mode-locked laser (SPML) architectures using all-polarization-maintaining fiber laser cavities. Because of the polarization-maintaining construction, the laser performance is unaffected by mechanical perturbation on the cavity fibers. The lasers automatically initiate linear-in-wavenumber sweeps across 100 nm centered at 1290 nm with a 10 MHz repetition rate. OCT imaging with a sensitivity of 98 dB and a single-sided 6 dB coherence length of 2.5 mm is demonstrated. OCT angiography of a mouse brain that visualized three-dimensional cerebral microvasculature over a field of

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×

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(398 A-lines × 380 B-scans) at a rate of 5.26 volumes per second is also presented. The robust all-PMF SPML lasers are a turnkey, high-performance source for ultrahigh-speed OCT imaging.
Large-scale true-time-delay remote beamforming with EO frequency combs and multicore fiber
Authors: Zhang Chenbo , Lei Peng , Liu Rongwei , He Bibo , Chen Zhangyuan , Xie Xiaopeng , Hu Weiwei
Published: July 2021

Optical true-time-delay (OTTD) beamforming is a promising solution to support the ultra-broadband radio access network. However, large-scale antenna arrays set at remote radio units require the OTTD counterpart to have corresponding larger-scale channel numbers. Here, we demonstrate an OTTD remote beamforming network with a record 287 channel number using electro-optic frequency combs and multicore fiber. Our proposed scheme can generate beams for both one-dimensional and two-dimensional antenna arrays. We highlight that using multicore fiber not only increases the channel numbers but also supports remote beamforming. We estimate the long-term stability of this remote beamforming network, and 1-ps-level relative time delay variation in 2 h is obtained when using multicore fiber. It is one order of magnitude better than using parallel single-mode fibers. Thus, highly stable beamforming is achieved. These results pave the way for the application of OTTD beamforming in 5G and beyond networks.
An in-house constructed dual channel confocal fluorescence microscope for biomolecular imaging
Authors: Shakhi P. K. , Bijeesh M. M. , Varier Geetha K. , Nandakumar P.
Published: July 2021

The confocal fluorescence microscope is an essential live cell imaging tool in bioscience research. Several experimental investigations in the field of biomedical research require a dedicated confocal fluorescence microscope. However, commercial confocal microscopes are prohibitively expensive for many individual laboratories and they often have an inflexible design not amenable to user desired modifications. Here we report on the design, development, and calibration of a cost-effective dual channel confocal fluorescence microscope that can capture two biological events simultaneously. The microscope is successfully employed to image and study the simultaneously occurring active and passive transport of molecules across the nuclear membrane. Passive diffusion of FITC labelled dextran molecules are monitored along with the active transport of gold nanoparticles of diameter 20 nm in the time-lapse imaging mode. The experiments carried out in digitonin permeabilized HeLa cells indicate that both active and passive nuclear transport pathways coexist together.
Optical funnel: broadband and uniform compression of electromagnetic fields to an air neck
Authors: Sun Fei , Liu Yichao , Yang Yibiao
Published: July 2021

An optical funnel, which performs as a passive electromagnetic compressor, can guide electromagnetic waves from a wide inlet to a narrow outlet without reflectance/scattering and squeeze electromagnetic fields uniformly to an air neck. In this study, an optical funnel is designed by precisely filling subwavelength ceramic blocks with a gradient refractive index inside a tapered waveguide. The gradient refractive index is designed by transformation optics, which is isotropic and all above unit, thus exhibiting a broadband feature. Due to the mechanism of impedance matching over the whole funnel, extremely low reflectance/scattering and stable enhancement of fields can be achieved. The field enhancement factor in different regions of the funnel (e.g., in the air neck) can be flexibly designed just by modifying the funnel-width ratios.
Transgenerational inheritance of centromere identity requires the CENP-A N-terminal tail in the C. elegans maternal germ line
Authors: Prosée Reinier F. , Wenda Joanna M. , Özdemir Isa , Gabus Caroline , Delaney Kamila , Schwager Francoise , Gotta Monica , Steiner Florian A.
Published: July 2021

Centromere protein A (CENP-A) is a histone H3 variant that defines centromeric chromatin and is essential for centromere function. In most eukaryotes, CENP-A-containing chromatin is epigenetically maintained, and centromere identity is inherited from one cell cycle to the next. In the germ line of the holocentric nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, this inheritance cycle is disrupted. CENP-A is removed at the mitosis-to-meiosis transition and is reestablished on chromatin during diplotene of meiosis I. Here, we show that the N-terminal tail of CENP-A is required for the de novo establishment of centromeres, but then its presence becomes dispensable for centromere maintenance during development. Worms homozygous for a CENP-A tail deletion maintain functional centromeres during development but give rise to inviable offspring because they fail to reestablish centromeres in the maternal germ line. We identify the N-terminal tail of CENP-A as a critical domain for the interaction with the conserved kinetochore protein KNL-2 and argue that this interaction plays an important role in setting centromere identity in the germ line. We conclude that centromere establishment and maintenance are functionally distinct in C. elegans.
MiDAS—Meaningful Immunogenetic Data at Scale
Authors: Migdal Maciej , Ruan Dan Fu , Forrest William F. , Horowitz Amir , Hammer Christian
Published: July 2021

Human immunogenetic variation in the form of HLA and KIR types has been shown to be strongly associated with a multitude of immune-related phenotypes. However, association studies involving immunogenetic loci most commonly involve simple analyses of classical HLA allelic diversity, resulting in limitations regarding the interpretability and reproducibility of results. We here present MiDAS, a comprehensive R package for immunogenetic data transformation and statistical analysis. MiDAS recodes input data in the form of HLA alleles and KIR types into biologically meaningful variables, allowing HLA amino acid fine mapping, analyses of HLA evolutionary divergence as well as experimentally validated HLA-KIR interactions. Further, MiDAS enables comprehensive statistical association analysis workflows with phenotypes of diverse measurement scales. MiDAS thus closes the gap between the inference of immunogenetic variation and its efficient utilization to make relevant discoveries related to immune and disease biology. It is freely available under a MIT license.
Mechanical feedback and robustness of apical constrictions in Drosophila embryo ventral furrow formation
Authors: Holcomb Michael C. , Gao Guo-Jie Jason , Servati Mahsa , Schneider Dylan , McNeely Presley K. , Thomas Jeffrey H. , Blawzdziewicz Jerzy
Published: July 2021

Formation of the ventral furrow in theDrosophilaembryo relies on the apical constriction of cells in the ventral region to produce bending forces that drive tissue invagination. In our recent paper we observed that apical constrictions during the initial phase of ventral furrow formation produce elongated patterns of cellular constriction chains prior to invagination and argued that these are indicative of tensile stress feedback. Here, we quantitatively analyze the constriction patterns preceding ventral furrow formation and find that they are consistent with the predictions of our active-granular-fluid model of a monolayer of mechanically coupled stress-sensitive constricting particles. Our model shows that tensile feedback causes constriction chains to develop along underlying precursor tensile stress chains that gradually strengthen with subsequent cellular constrictions. As seen in both our model and available optogenetic experiments, this mechanism allows constriction chains to penetrate or circumvent zones of reduced cell contractility, thus increasing the robustness of ventral furrow formation to spatial variation of cell contractility by rescuing cellular constrictions in the disrupted regions.
Shrinking Bouma’s window: How to model crowding in dense displays
Authors: Bornet Alban , Doerig Adrien , Herzog Michael H. , Francis Gregory , Van der Burg Erik
Published: July 2021

In crowding, perception of a target deteriorates in the presence of nearby flankers. Traditionally, it is thought that visual crowding obeys Bouma’s law, i.e., all elements within a certain distance interfere with the target, and that adding more elements always leads to stronger crowding. Crowding is predominantly studied using sparse displays (a target surrounded by a few flankers). However, many studies have shown that this approach leads to wrong conclusions about human vision. Van der Burg and colleagues proposed a paradigm to measure crowding in dense displays using genetic algorithms. Displays were selected and combined over several generations to maximize human performance. In contrast to Bouma’s law, only the target’s nearest neighbours affected performance. Here, we tested various models to explain these results. We used the same genetic algorithm, but instead of selecting displays based on human performance we selected displays based on the model’s outputs. We found that all models based on the traditional feedforward pooling framework of vision were unable to reproduce human behaviour. In contrast, all models involving a dedicated grouping stage explained the results successfully. We show how traditional models can be improved by adding a grouping stage.
Assessing biomass and primary production of microphytobenthos in depositional coastal systems using spectral information
Authors: Jacobs Pascalle , Pitarch Jaime , Kromkamp Jacco C. , Philippart Catharina J. M.
Published: July 2021

In depositional intertidal coastal systems, primary production is dominated by benthic microalgae (microphytobenthos) inhabiting the mudflats. This benthic productivity is supporting secondary production and supplying important services to humans including food provisioning. Increased frequencies of extreme events in weather (such as heatwaves, storm surges and cloudbursts) are expected to strongly impact the spatiotemporal dynamics of the microphytobenthos and subsequently their contribution to coastal food webs. Within north-western Europe, the years 2018 and 2019 were characterized by record-breaking summer temperatures and accompanying droughts. Field-calibrated satellite data (Sentinel 2) were used to quantify the seasonal dynamics of microphytobenthos biomass and production at an unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution during these years. We demonstrate that the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) should be used with caution in depositional coastal intertidal systems, because it may reflect import of remains of allochthonous pelagic productivity rather than local benthic biomass. We show that the reduction in summer biomass of the benthic microalgae cannot be explained by grazing but was most probably due to the high temperatures. The fivefold increase in salinity from January to September 2018, resulting from reduced river run-off during this exceptionally dry year, cannot have been without consequences for the vitality of the microphytobenthos community and its resistance to wind stress and cloud bursts. Comparison to historical information revealed that primary productivity of microphytobenthos may vary at least fivefold due to variations in environmental conditions. Therefore, ongoing changes in environmental conditions and especially extreme events because of climate change will not only lead to changes in spatiotemporal patterns of benthic primary production but also to changes in biodiversity of life under water and ecosystem services including food supply. Satellite MPB data allows for adequate choices in selecting coastal biodiversity conservation and coastal food supply.
Structural and functional diversity among Type III restriction-modification systems that confer host DNA protection via methylation of the N4 atom of cytosine
Authors: Murray Iain A. , Luyten Yvette A. , Fomenkov Alexey , Dai Nan , Corrêa Ivan R. , Farmerie William G. , Clark Tyson A. , Korlach Jonas , Morgan Richard D. , Roberts Richard J.
Published: July 2021

We report a new subgroup of Type III Restriction-Modification systems that use m4C methylation for host protection. Recognition specificities for six such systems, each recognizing a novel motif, have been determined using single molecule real-time DNA sequencing. In contrast to all previously characterized Type III systems which modify adenine to m6A, protective methylation of the host genome in these new systems is achieved by the N4-methylation of a cytosine base in one strand of an asymmetric 4 to 6 base pair recognition motif. Type III systems are heterotrimeric enzyme complexes containing a single copy of an ATP-dependent restriction endonuclease-helicase (Res) and a dimeric DNA methyltransferase (Mod). The Type III Mods are beta-class amino-methyltransferases, examples of which form either N6-methyl adenine or N4-methyl cytosine in Type II RM systems. The Type III m4C Mod and Res proteins are diverged, suggesting ancient origin or that m4C modification has arisen from m6A MTases multiple times in diverged lineages. Two of the systems, from thermophilic organisms, required expression of both Mod and Res to efficiently methylate an E. coli host, unlike previous findings that Mod alone is proficient at modification, suggesting that the division of labor between protective methylation and restriction activities is atypical in these systems. Two of the characterized systems, and many homologous putative systems, appear to include a third protein; a conserved putative helicase/ATPase subunit of unknown function and located 5’ of the mod gene. The function of this additional ATPase is not yet known, but close homologs co-localize with the typical Mod and Res genes in hundreds of putative Type III systems. Our findings demonstrate a rich diversity within Type III RM systems.
PDBrenum: A webserver and program providing Protein Data Bank files renumbered according to their UniProt sequences
Authors: Faezov Bulat , Dunbrack Roland L.
Published: July 2021

The Protein Data Bank (PDB) was established at Brookhaven National Laboratories in 1971 as an archive for biological macromolecular crystal structures. In mid 2021, the database has almost 180,000 structures solved by X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, cryo-electron microscopy, and other methods. Many proteins have been studied under different conditions, including binding partners such as ligands, nucleic acids, or other proteins; mutations, and post-translational modifications, thus enabling extensive comparative structure-function studies. However, these studies are made more difficult because authors are allowed by the PDB to number the amino acids in each protein sequence in any manner they wish. This results in the same protein being numbered differently in the available PDB entries. For instance, some authors may include N-terminal signal peptides or the N-terminal methionine in the sequence numbering and others may not. In addition to the coordinates, there are many fields that contain structural and functional information regarding specific residues numbered according to the author. Here we provide a webserver and Python3 application that fixes the PDB sequence numbering problem by replacing the author numbering with numbering derived from the corresponding UniProt sequences. We obtain this correspondence from the SIFTS database from PDBe. The server and program can take a list of PDB entries or a list of UniProt identifiers (e.g., “P04637” or “P53_HUMAN”) and provide renumbered files in mmCIF format and the legacy PDB format for both asymmetric unit files and biological assembly files provided by PDBe.
The observation of starch digestion in blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to microplastic particles under varied food conditions
Authors: O’Brien C. J. , Hong Helen C. , Bryant Emily E. , Connor Kwasi M.
Published: July 2021

Microplastic continues to be an environmental concern, especially for filter feeding bivalves known to ingest these particles. It is important to understand the effects of microplastic particles on the physiological performance of these bivalves and many studies have investigated their impact on various physiological processes. This study investigated the effects of microplastic (10 μm) on digestive enzyme (amylase) activity of Mytilus galloprovincialis at 55,000 and 110,000 microplastic particles/L under laboratory conditions. Additionally, our study measured the expression of an isoform of Hsp70 in the gills to assess whether or not these particles may cause protein denaturation. Results revealed that this regime negatively affect the ability of M. galloprovincialis to digest starch under high food conditions but not low food conditions. Exposure to extreme levels of microplastic raised amylase activity. Furthermore, Hsp70 transcript abundance was not elevated in treatment mussels. These results show that mussels may be resilient to current microplastic pollution levels in nature.
Assessing the level of digital maturity of enterprises in the Central and Eastern European countries using the MCDM and Shannon’s entropy methods
Authors: Brodny Jarosław , Tutak Magdalena
Published: July 2021

The process of global economic digitalization is a natural stage of evolutionary changes resulting from a dynamic development of information and communication technologies. Having appreciated the importance and advantages of digital transformation, individual countries began to strive to introduce it as soon as possible. In this context, it is important to study the level of digital maturity in Central and Eastern Europe, where the level of digitization is relatively low. This article assesses the level of digital readiness of enterprises in these countries based on 14 determinants characterizing the most important areas of the digitalization process. The research was carried out for 11 countries from the region, both for all and manufacturing enterprises. Multi-criteria analysis aimed at assessing the digital maturity of countries were performed using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods (the TOPSIS, MOORA, VIKOR), and entropy methods for delineating the weights of the determinants. In order to obtain an unambiguous assessment of the determined digital maturity, the mean-rank method was applied. The method of multidimensional scaling allowed for the analysis of similarities between the countries in question. The results showed that the level of digital maturity in the Central and Eastern Europe countries varies greatly and is lower than in other European Union countries.
Prevalence of excessive screen time and its association with developmental delay in children aged <5 years: A population-based cross-sectional study in India
Authors: Varadarajan Samya , Govindarajan Venguidesvarane Akila , Ramaswamy Karthik Narayanan , Rajamohan Muthukumar , Krupa Murugesan , Winfred Christadoss Sathiasekaran Bernard
Published: July 2021

The global growth of electronic media usage among children has caused concerns regarding screen time (ST) impact on child development. No previous population-based studies have evaluated ST and child development in India. This study aimed to determine the burden of ST, associated sociodemographic factors, and its impact on domains of child development. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of rural and urban health centers in Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 718 children (396 rural and 322 urban) were selected, using a cluster random sampling method. ST estimates were obtained from parents/guardian after a 7-day observation period. The Communication DEALL Developmental Checklist was used to assess child development. The mean ST was 2.39 hours/day (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.23–2.54), and the prevalence of excessive ST was 73% (95% CI: 69.2–76.8). Excessive ST was significantly associated with the mothers’ ST, screen usage at bedtime, birth order (in children < 2 years), and attending school (in children ≥ 2 years). Increased ST was significantly associated with developmental delay, in particular, in the domains of language acquisition and communication. In children aged ≥ 2 years, a delay in ≥ 3 domains was associated with ST (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 17.75, 95% CI: 5.04–62.49, p < 0.001), as was language delay (AOR = 52.92, 95% CI: 12.33–227.21, p < 0.001). In children aged < 2 years, a delay in ≥ 2 domains was associated with ST (AOR = 16.79, 95% CI: 2.26–124.4, p < 0.001), as was language delay (AOR = 20.93, 95% CI: 2.68–163.32, p < 0.01). A very high prevalence of excessive ST was identified, with a significant association with developmental delay in children. There is an urgent need to include education on ST limits at the primary healthcare level.
Catholicisme et pratiques médicales
Authors: Dolbeau Samuel , Dutron Martin
Published: July 2021

En février 1994, le pape Jean-Paul II (1920-2005) nomme Jérôme Lejeune (1926-1994) premier président de la nouvelle Académie pontificale pour la vie. Ce médecin et gé- néticien français est, avec Marthe Gautier (1925) et Raymond Turpin (1895-1988), l’un des codécouvreurs du chromosome responsable de la trisomie 21. Pour ce catholique membre de l’Opus Dei, cette nomination symbolique – il meurt deux mois plus tard – vient couronner une vie d’engagement contre l’avortement, la contraception, l’eutha- nasie, soit tout ce que le souverain pontife qualifie de « culture de mort » dans son encyclique Evangelium Vitae. En juin 2007, un procès de béatification est ouvert et, le 21 janvier 2021, « l’héroïcité des vertus » du professeur Lejeune est reconnue par le pape François, l’élevant ainsi au rang de vénérable pour l’Église catholique.
Avec l’aide et aux frontières de la médecine
Authors: Favier Anthony
Published: July 2021

Cet article fait le récit de l’organisation, au sein du catholicisme français contemporain, de pratiques religieuses aux frontières de la médecine et des sciences psychologiques de l’accompagnement, de correction de l’homosexualité ou de la transidentité. Contrant l’idée que les thérapies de conversion relèvent du monde protestant nord-américain et qu’elles ne concernent pas le catholicisme, il s’intéresse à trois moments chronologiques significatifs, chacun associé à des acteurs importants de cette pastorale : les docteurs Marcel Eck et Marc Oraison dans les années 1960-1970, Tony Anatrella dans les années 1980-1990, et les mouvements charismatiques type « Courage » depuis les années 2000.
Différences d’espérance de vie sans incapacité dans les départements français
Authors: Crouzet Maude , Carrère Amélie , Laborde Caroline , Breton Didier , Cambois Emmanuelle
Published: July 2021

Les espérances de vie sans incapacité ainsi que leurs déterminants individuels ont fait l'objet de nombreux travaux, en France comme dans l'ensemble des pays à faible mortalité. En revanche, à l’échelle infra-nationale les études sont très rares, faute d’enquête mesurant les niveaux d’incapacité représentative à cet échelon. Pourtant, à l'instar des écarts infra-nationaux de mortalité déjà démontrés, il y a tout lieu de penser que l'indicateur national d'espérance de vie sans incapacité recouvre d'importantes inégalités territoriales.

En 2014, l’enquête Vie Quotidienne et Santé (VQS) offre la possibilité de calculer, pour la première fois, les niveaux d’incapacité des 60 ans et plus à partir d’un échantillon représentatif à l’échelle départementale. Nous mobilisons les données de cette enquête pour, dans un premier temps, calculer l’espérance de vie sans incapacité dans chacun des 100 départements français, puis, dans un second temps, mettre en lien cet indicateur avec les limitations fonctionnelles rencontrées par la population des 60 ans et plus.

Les premiers résultats mettent en évidence de forts écarts départementaux concernant l’incapacité, selon une géographie proche de celle des écarts de mortalité. Les départements dans lesquels l’espérance de vie sans incapacité est faible se caractérisent par une forte prévalence des limitations fonctionnelles touchant les fonctions physiques.
Instrukcja dla Głównego Więzienia Inkwizycyjnego w Warszawie z 26 listopada/8 grudnia 1835 r. i uwagi do niej Nadzorcy Głównego Więzienia Karnego w Warszawie z 11/23 czerwca 1858 r.
Authors: Bieda Justyna
Published: July 2021

Środek zapobiegawczy w postaci tymczasowego aresztowania znany był już w dawnym prawie polskim. Jednak przez cały okres istnienia I Rzeczypospolitej nie było regulacji dotyczących podstaw stosowania tego środka, uprawnionych podmiotów czy dopuszczalnego czasu pozbawienia wolności bez wyroku sądowego. Podobnie do rzadkości należały odrębne miejsca służące do przetrzymywania osób tymczasowo aresztowanych. Dopiero w drugiej połowie XVIII w. pojawiły się koncepcje zasad wykonywania tymczasowego aresztowania. Ostatecznie czasy Królestwa Polskiego przyniosły praktyczne reformy organizacji więziennictwa, także w zakresie zasad wykonywania aresztu tymczasowego. Niemały wkład w to wnieśli polscy penitencjaryści pozostający pod wpływem europejskich prądów oświeceniowych, a jednym z nich był Fryderyk Skarbek, dzięki któremu w 1835 r. uruchomiono nowoczesne więzienie śledcze w Warszawie zwane Pawiakiem. W artykule przedstawiono zasady funkcjonowania Głównego Więzienia Inkwizycyjnego w oparciu o wydaną 26 listopada/8 grudnia 1835 r. instrukcję oraz uwagi do niej zawarte w odnalezionym w Archiwum Głównym Akt Dawnych w Warszawie dokumencie z 11/23 czerwca 1858 r.
Prawo łaski stosowane przez Naczelnika Państwa Józefa Piłsudskiego w byłym zaborze pruskim w latach 1919–1922 w świetle zachowanych akt Archiwum Akt Nowych w Warszawie
Authors: Bojarski Adam
Published: July 2021

Artykuł dotyczy stosowania prawa łaski na terenie byłego zaboru pruskiego w okresie, gdy głową państwa był Naczelnik Państwa Józef Piłsudski. Ukazano w nim sposób, w jaki Kancelaria Cywilna Naczelnika Państwa stosowała prawo na terenie byłego zaboru pruskiego, oraz przedstawiono dane statystyczne odnoszące się do problematyki przestępstw, systemów prawnych i decyzji podjętych przez Naczelnika Państwa.
Godność jako wartość amerykańskiej konstytucji
Authors: Szymaniec Piotr
Published: July 2021

Artykuł przedstawia uwagi o książce Michała Urbańczyka Idea godności w orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki (Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Adama Mickiewicza, Poznań 2019). Michał Urbańczyk słusznie wskazuje, że zwrot w orzecznictwie Sądu Najwyższego, polegający na coraz częstszym odwoływaniu się do pojęcia godności w uzasadnieniach, dokonał się w latach 40. ubiegłego wieku. Najpierw pojawiła się ona w sprawach dotyczących postępowania karnego i postępowania funkcjonariuszy powołanych do ścigania przestępstw. Zaprezentowane w książce Michała Urbańczyka rozważania i analizy orzecznictwa przynajmniej w części przeczą tezie Aharona Baraka (Human Dignity. The Constitutional Value and the Constitutional Right, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2015), według którego podejście do idei godności w tym orzecznictwie jest fragmentaryczne i nierozwinięte. Zgodzić się jednak należy z Barakiem, że Sąd Najwyższy traktuje godność jedynie jako konstytucyjną wartość. Według autora niniejszego artykułu elementem charakterystycznym dla amerykańskiego postrzegania godności jest przyjmowanie ewoluującego historycznie rozumienia godności, które zmienia się wraz z przemianami społecznymi. Takie ujmowanie godności kontrastuje z przyjmowanym w polskiej doktrynie rozumieniem godności jako elementu prawnonaturalnego w systemie prawa stanowionego , implikującym raczej statyczne pojmowanie tego pojęcia.
Culturable fungi associated with the marine shallow-water hydrothermal vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus at Kueishan Island, Taiwan
Authors: Shaumi Ami , Cheang U-Cheng , Yang Chieh-Yu , Chang Chic-Wei , Guo Sheng-Yu , Yang Chien-Hui , Chan Tin-Yam , Pang Ka-Lai
Published: July 2021

Reports on fungi occurring on marine crabs have been mostly related to those causing infections/diseases. To better understand the potential role(s) of fungi associated with marine crabs, this study investigated the culturable diversity of fungi on carapace of the marine shallow-water hydrothermal vent crab Xenograpsus testudinatus collected at Kueishan Island, Taiwan. By sequencing the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), 18S and 28S of the rDNA for identification, 12 species of fungi were isolated from 46 individuals of X. testudinatus: Aspergillus penicillioides, Aspergillus versicolor, Candida parapsilosis, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Mycosphaerella sp., Parengyodontium album, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium paxili, Stachylidium bicolor, Zasmidium sp. (Ascomycota), Cystobasidium calyptogenae and Earliella scabrosa (Basidiomycota). With additional data from other published reports, a total of 26 species of fungi (23 Ascomycota, three Basidiomycota) have been recorded from X. testudinatus. Aspergillus is the most speciose genus on the crab, followed by Penicillium and Candida. All but one species (Xylaria arbuscula) had been previously isolated from substrates in the marine environment, although many are typical terrestrial taxa. None of the recorded fungi on X. testudinatus are reported pathogens of crabs, but some have caused diseases of other marine animals. Whether the crab X. testudinatus is a vehicle of marine fungal diseases requires further study.
Effect of geometrical variations on the structural performance of shipping container panels: A parametric study towards a new alternative design
Authors: Widiyanto Ilham , Alwan Faiz Haidar Ahmad , Mubarok Muhammad Arif Husni , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Laksono Fajar Budi , Bahatmaka Aldias , Adiputra Ristiyanto , Smaradhana Dharu Feby
Published: July 2021

In the field of logistics, containers are indispensable for shipments of large quantities of goods, particularly for exports and imports distributed by land, sea, or air. Therefore, a container must be able to withstand external loads so that goods can safely reach their destination. In this study, seven different models of container skins were developed: general honeycomb, cross honeycomb, square honeycomb, corrugated wall, flat, flat with a single stiffener, and flat with a cross stiffener. Testing was performed using the finite element method. In the static simulation, the best results were obtained by the model with corrugated walls. As the main element and the content of the sandwich panel structure, the core plays a role in increasing the ability of the structure to absorb force, thereby increasing the strength of the material. In the thermal simulation, the best results were obtained by the general honeycomb walls. Vibration simulations also showed that the square honeycomb design was better at absorbing vibration than the other models. Finally, the corrugated model had the best critical load value in the buckling simulation.
“The Magna Carta to Liberate Our Cities”
Authors: Nichols Casey D.
Published: July 2021

Starting in 1964, the U.S. federal government under President Lyndon Johnson passed an ambitious reform program that included social security, urban renewal, anti-poverty initiatives, and civil rights legislation. In cities like Los Angeles, these reforms fueled urban revitalization efforts in communities affected by economic decline. These reforms closed the gap between local residents and government officials in California and even subsequently brought the city’s African American and Mexican American population into greater political proximity. Looking closely at the impact of the Chicano Movement on the Model Cities Program, a federal initiative designed specifically for urban development and renewal, this article brings the role of U.S. government policy in shaping social justice priorities in Los Angeles, and the U.S. Southwest more broadly, into sharper view.
Methodological System of the Translator’s Professional Competence Formation in the Light of the Regional Component
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State University named after N. I. Lobachevsky, Ermakova Yuliya Igorevna , Tsvetkova Svetlana Yevgenyevna ,   Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after K. Minin
Published: July 2021

Currently, the urgent task of foreign language training in a linguistic university is the formation of the professional competence of the future translator. This competence includes knowledge of the national and cultural characteristics of a particular region; the ability to consider intercultural differences between recipients of translation in the process of carrying out intercultural communication The purpose of the article is to substantiate and describe the methodological system for forming the professional competence of a linguist-translator, considering the regional component. The system is represented by a set of components (target, meaningful, technological, effective), the specificity of which is due to external and internal factors, and theoretical and methodological approaches of the research. The review of scholarly works presents a list of authors whose works are devoted to the study of the regional component in the foreign language training of translators; formation of professional and communicative competence in the translation teaching; the application of the modeling method in pedagogy, in particular, in the development of foreign language education. The results of the study describe the methodological system of the translator’s professional competence formation, consider its main structural components: target, theoretical and methodological approaches, content and technological component. In the conclusion, the scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the article are formulated.
Analysis of Soft Skills Implementation in the System of Foreign Language Training in Higher School
Authors:   Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Medvedeva Olesya Dmitrievna
Published: July 2021

The article substantiates the necessity to promote the process of professional self-determination of migrant-students. The analysis of theoretical research on the problem reveals the reasons that impedes this process among students in general (insufficient school work aiming at organizing career guidance, the change of paradigms from “one job for life” to the concept of “diversity”), and migrant-students in particular (the influence of external factors, “administrative nationalism”). Some real successful practices during admission campaigns, and the possibilities of using the experience of foreign universities (applicant’s portfolio, structured interview), described in the article, can significantly contribute to the efficiency of the process of professional self-determination of migrant-students. The purpose of this article is to identify the possibilities of the admission campaign to promote professional self-determination of applicants with migrant background. Methodology. The study was carried out on the basis of a set of complementary methods: analysis of pedagogical literature; generalization of scientific information obtained in the course of the study; diagnostic methods. Conclusion. The organization of an admission campaign, aiming at overcoming the problems considering the possibilities of using foreign experience, has a significant potential for providing support for the professional self-determination of a migrant student.
The Information Site as the Way of the Communicative Skills Development of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Stepkova Oksana Vasilievna , Kushnareva Natalia Vasilievna ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted to the problem of the communicative skills development of primary school children with autism spectrum disorders using the information site. The purpose of the article is to highlight the possibilities of using the information site by teachers in the process of communication skills development in children with autism spectrum disorders. Research methodology and methods. The research is based on the methodology of a differentiated approach taking into account the age and individual capabilities of the schoolchildren, as well as the severity of the disorder. Various classifications of autism spectrum disorders have been analyzed, and special attention has been paid to the consideration of the peculiarities of speech development, namely, its communicative function. The stages of the research carried out in order to identify the level of communication skills development of children with autism spectrum disorders and the search for ways of corrective work are reflected. Research results. The results of experimental work with the use of an information site aimed to communication skills development of primary schoolchildren with autism spectrum disorders have been presented. Conclusion. In conclusion we should underline that the communicative skills are one of the main manifestations of autism spectrum disorders and teachers can use information technology (for example, an information site) to develop these skills.