bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considerations on the prediction of hazards (mainly landslides) and their consequences
Authors: Guzzetti Fausto
Published: March 2021

The general assumptions and the most popular methods used to assess landslide hazard and for landslide risk evaluation have not changed significantly in recent decades. Some of these assumptions have conceptual weaknesses, and the methods have revealed weackneses and limitations. After an introduction on what we need to predict in order to assess landslide hazard and risk, I introduce the strategies and main methods currently used to detect and map landslides, to predict landslide populations in space and time, and to anticipate the number and size characteristics of expected landslides. For landslide detection and mapping, I consider traditional methods based on visual interpretation of aerial photography, and modern approaches that exploit visual, semi-automatic or automatic analysis of remotely sensed imagery. For spatial landslide prediction, I discuss the results of a review of classification-based statistical methods for evaluating landslide susceptibility. For temporal forecasting, drawing on a review of geographical landslide forecasting and early warning systems, I discuss short-term forecasting capabilities and their limitations. Then, I discuss the long-term landslide projections considering the impact of climate variations on landslide projections. Regarding the numerosity and size of landslides, I discuss existing statistics on the length, width, area, and volume of landslides obtained from populations of event-triggered landslides. This is followed by an analysis of the consequences of landslides. I conclude by offering recommendations on what I imagine we should do to make significant progress in our collective ability to predict the risk posed by landslide populations and to mitigate their risk. My understanding, but also my feeling and hope, is that some - perhaps many - of the recommendations are general, and may be applicable to other hazards as well.
Analysis of main controlling factors and identification method of Jurassic low resistivity reservoir in Huanxian area, Ordos Basin
Authors: Guo Jingzhe , Zhou Lifa
Published: March 2021

The Ordos Basin is located in the central and western part of China, which is rich in oil resources in Mesozoic strata. Huanxian area is located in the west of the Ordos Basin, covering an area of about 3000 km2. With the wide distribution of Jurassic low resistivity reservoir, it is difficult to identify reservoir fluid by logging, which restricts the efficient promotion of oil resources exploration and development in this area to a certain extent.

Based on the basic geological law, this study makes full use of the data of oil test conclusion, production performance and formation water analysis to deeply analyze the genesis of low resistivity reservoir in this area. The average formation water salinity of Jurassic in Huanxian area is 63.5g/l. Through the correlation analysis of mathematical methods such as fitting and regression, the formation water salinity and reservoir apparent resistivity show a good negative correlation in the semi logarithmic coordinate, and the correlation coefficient is 0.78. Therefore, it is considered that the main controlling factor for the widespread development of low resistivity reservoir in this area is the high formation water salinity. Irreducible water saturation, clay mineral content and nose bulge structure amplitude are the secondary controlling factors for the development of low resistivity reservoir in this area, and their correlation coefficients with apparent resistivity are 0.23, 0.25 and 0.31, respectively.

On the basis of clarifying the genesis of Jurassic low resistivity reservoir in Huanxian area, the comprehensive identification of reservoir fluid type by logging is carried out. For the whole area, there are obvious differences in geological characteristics, so conventional methods such as cross plot method of acoustic time difference and apparent resistivity can not effectively identify reservoir fluid. According to the main controlling factors of reservoir apparent resistivity, the salinity of formation water is combined with apparent resistivity and resistivity index of reservoir respectively to establish the cross plot. Using these two kinds of cross plot, the accuracy of reservoir fluid type identification is 62.9% and 88.6% respectively. This method can meet the accuracy requirements of reservoir fluid identification, realize the rapid identification of reservoir fluid types in the whole area, and provide technical support for efficient exploration and development of Jurassic low resistivity reservoir in this area.
Improving modelled long-term storage variations with standard hydrological models in data-scarce regions
Authors: Hulsman Petra , Savenije Hubert , Hrachowitz Markus
Published: March 2021

In the Luangwa river basin in Zambia, the total water storage observed by GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) shows an oscillating pattern, such that the annual minimum/maximum storage decreased in 2002 – 2006 after which it increased until 2010, which was again followed by a storage decrease. However, this pattern was not reproduced by a standard conceptual hydrological model. Similarly, previous studies illustrated the inability of standard conceptual hydrological models to reproduce long-term storage variations in many river basins world-wide. This study identified processes that potentially caused the observed long-term storage variations in the Luangwa basin through data analysis and model hypothesis testing. During data analysis, long-term storage variations were compared to satellite-based products for precipitation, actual evaporation, potential evaporation and NDVI observations. During model hypotheses testing, we analysed 1) four different model forcing combinations and 2) five alternative model hypotheses for groundwater export to neighbouring basins. The results indicated that the benchmark model did not reproduce the observed long-term storage variations partly due to the forcing data and partly due to the missing process of regional groundwater export. Alternative model forcing data affected the modelled annual maximum storage, whereas the annual minima improved when adapting the model structure allowing for regional groundwater export from a deeper groundwater layer. In other words, standard conceptual hydrological models can reproduce long-term storage variations when using a suitable model structure.
Impact of climate change on abstraction for hydropower and public water supply in Wales, UK
Authors: Dallison Richard , Patil Sopan
Published: March 2021

The impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle and catchment processes has been extensively studied. In Wales, such changes are projected to have a substantial impact on hydrological regimes. However, the impact on the water abstraction capability of key sectors in the country, such as hydropower (HP) and public water supply (PWS), is not yet fully understood. We use the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to generate future (2021-2054) daily streamflows under a worst-case scenario of greenhouse gas emissions (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) at two large catchments in Wales, the Conwy and Tywi. SWAT streamflow output is used to estimate the abstractable water resources, and therefore changes in the average generation characteristics for 25 run-of-river HP schemes across Conwy and Tywi and the total unmet demand for a single large PWS abstraction in the Tywi. This unmet PWS demand is assessed using the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) system under increasing, static, and declining demand scenarios. Mann-Kendall trend analysis is performed to detect and characterise the trends for both sectors.

Results show greater seasonality in abstraction potential through the study period, with an overall decrease in annual abstraction volume due to summer and autumn streamflow declines outweighing increases seen in winter and spring. For HP, these trends result in a projected decline in annual power generation potential, despite an increasing number of days per year that maximum permitted abstraction is reached. For PWS, under all future demand scenarios, annually there is an increase in the number of days where demand is not met as well as the total shortfall volume of water. Our results suggest that currently installed HP schemes may not make optimal use of future flows, and that the planning of future schemes should take account of these to ensure the most efficient operation is achieved. Moreover, PWS supply sustainability is under threat and will require management and mitigation measures to be implemented to ensure future supplies. Overall, our study provides a novel perspective on the future water resource availability in Wales, giving context to management planning to ensure future HP generation efficiency and PWS sustainability.
Patch Sizes, Area, and Spatial Distribution of Nonforests Are Vital Ingredients to Fire-Adapted Western US Forests
Authors: Hessburg Paul
Published: March 2021

Abstract:  In prior published work with reconstructions of early and late 20th century forest landscapes, we were surprised by the large amount of historical meadows, shrubfields, sparse woodlands, and bare ground (hereafter, nonforests) we observed on forest-capable biophysical settings. We also noted a trend of forest encroachment and densification in the late 20th-century. Here, using LANDFIRE remotely sensed, existing vegetation height and cover, and environmental site potential map layers for seven western provinces--rescaled to match the grain of photogrammetric data--we quantitatively compare the area and patch size distributions of early- (E20th), late 20th-century (L20th), and early 21st-century (E21st) nonforest conditions. Our results showed a trend of increasing nonforest area from the E20th to E21st-century and declining forested area in most provinces, with increases occurring primarily in the larger patch sizes. Our results coupled with other reburn modeling research suggest that extensive nonforest patchworks are intimately linked to forest landscape resilience, which is changing in uncharacteristic ways in some provinces. For example, in the Northern and Southern Cascade, and Blue Mountains provinces, we see an uncharacteristic coarsening of the grain by recent fires, while in the Upper Klamath province, we see a return to a large fire event-driven system. In a physical science sense, our results suggest that fire-prone forests -- in the largest context -- function as stored potential energy, and there is an ongoing tug-of-war waged over space and time between factors growing and removing forests. Nonforests on forest capable sites represent areas where stored potential energy has been reduced. Modern changes we observe in forested area foreshadow changes we can expect with climate warming.
The large-scale troughs on Asteroid 4 Vesta are opening-mode fractures
Authors: Cheng Hiu Ching Jupiter , Klimczak Christian
Published: March 2021

The Dawn mission at Asteroid 4 Vesta revealed two sets of enormous linear structures. Both sets are troughs—linear, negative-relief landforms—with one spanning around at least two-thirds of the equator and the other set incompletely preserved in the northern hemisphere. A previous study evaluated the cross-sectional geometries of the troughs and interpreted them as analogous to grabens, which are landforms caused by normal faults. However, for the troughs to be large-scale opening-mode fractures, i.e., joints, was heretofore not considered. To distinguish between normal faulting and jointing, we investigated the map patterns, cross-sectional geometries, and variations of relief and width along the length of these troughs. Relief and width are meaningful measurands that causally relate to the vertical displacement of faults or aperture of joints, respectively. Their distributions along the trough length should thus reveal differences in fracturing behavior. In addition, we derived strength-depth profiles to characterize the rheologic structure of Vesta’s lithosphere and determine the predicted fracturing behavior in its brittle regime.

We mapped all large-scale troughs on Vesta, including four equatorial and two northern troughs, and no map patterns diagnostic for faulting were identified. The troughs are bounded by scalloped rims and mainly show V- and bowl shapes in cross-section. The variation of reliefs of the two-opposing trough-bounding scarps reveals that the relief maxima for each of the investigated troughs are located off-center, and at different locations along the trough they bound. In contrast, we found that both the individual and cumulative variations in trough width have their maxima near the center of the trough. These map patterns and geomorphologic characteristics are largely inconsistent with the mechanics of graben formation but instead point to an origin by opening-mode fracturing. Moreover, our calculations of lithospheric strength evolution that enable assessments of fracturing behavior reveal that Vesta’s lithosphere has been dominated by a thick brittle portion throughout its history. Solutions to the Coulomb criterion considering a range of strengths properties of intact to fractured basaltic materials are in support of jointing as the major fracturing mode in at least the upper ~14 km of Vesta’s lithosphere.
The Tahaddart estuary, NW of Morocco: evidence of marine submersion events during the last 3500 years 
Authors: Khalfaoui Otmane , Dezileau laurent , Degeai Jean-Philippe , Snoussi Maria
Published: March 2021

The Atlantic coast of Morocco has been confronted with several marine submersion events. Historically, some of them have resulted in significant economic and human damage, including the 1755 AD event (known as the tsunami of Lisbon). This indicates the need to implement adaptation and mitigation strategies, based on long-term studies of these extreme events to deduce their spatial and temporal variability. Using two cores (TAH17-1 and TAH17-3) collected from the Tahaddart estuary (NW of Morocco), this work aims to identify deposits, set up by these high energy events during the mid to late Holocene period. The sedimentological, geochemical and geochronological analyses carried out on these geological archives show two fining-upward sequences, indicating a progressive change from a purely sandy marine facies, between 6500 and 3500 BP, to another finer and more terrigenous one. The fine sedimentation, which has dominated in the estuary during the last 3500 years, has facilitated the recording of several marine submersion events in the form of isolated sandy layers. Chronological data have made it possible to date four deposits. Two (1-E1 and 3-E1) were put in place about 250 years ago, which corresponds, according to historical records, to the 1755 AD Lisbon tsunami. Two other deposits (1-E13 and 1-E14) are dated around 3200 BP and represent unknown submersion events on the Moroccan Atlantic coast.
Explicit IMF By-dependence in geomagnetic activity
Authors: Holappa Lauri , Asikainen Timo , Mursula Kalevi
Published: March 2021

The interaction of the solar wind with the Earth’s magnetic ﬁeld produces geomagnetic activity, which is critically dependent on the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic ﬁeld (IMF). Most solar wind coupling functions quantify this dependence on the IMF orientation with the so-called IMF clock angle in a way, which is symmetric with respect to the sign of the By component. However, recent studies have shown that IMF By is an additional, independent driver of high-latitude geomagnetic activity, leading to higher (weaker) geomagnetic activity in Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter for By > 0 (By < 0). For NH summer the dependence on the By sign is reversed. We quantify the size of this explicit By-eﬀect with respect to the solar wind coupling function, both for northern and southern high-latitude geomagnetic activity. We show that for a given value of solar wind coupling function, geomagnetic activity is about 40% stronger for By > 0 than for By < 0 in NH winter. We also discuss recent advances in the physical understanding of the By-effect. Our results highlight the importance of the IMF By-component for space weather and must be taken into account in future space weather modeling.
Pengaruh Edukasi Melalui Media Video Dan Leaflet Terhadap Perilaku Personal Hygiene Pada Masa Menstruasi Remaja Di SMPN 2 Toili Kec. Mailong Kab. Banggai
Authors: Lisa Lisa Handayani , Kurnaesih Een , Sundari
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang: Perilaku personal hygiene adalah suatu pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan, memelihara kebersihan diri, meningkatkan rasa percaya diri, menciptakan keindahan, dan mencegah timbulnya penyakit. Oleh karena itu, remaja harus dipersiapkan baik pengetahuan, sikap maupun tindakannya ke arah pencapaian reproduksi yang sehat. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan penelitian Quasy Eksperimen. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh remaja putri yang berumur 12-15 tahun, yaitu sebanyak 135 orang dan Sampel 34 orang sebagian remaja putri di SMPN 2 Toili. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh antara pengetahuan edukasi melalui media video dan leaflet terhadap perilaku personal hygiene pada masa menstruasi remaja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh antara sikap edukasi melalui media video dan leaflet terhadap perilaku personal hygiene pada masa menstruasi remaja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh antara tindakan edukasi melalui media video dan leaflet terhadap perilaku personal hygiene pada masa menstruasi remaja. Dengan adanya edukasi siswi lebih memahami bagaimana cara menjaga personal hygiene menstruasi dengan tingkat signifikan <0,05. Kesimpulan: terjadi perubahan pemahaman pengetahuan, sikap maupun tindakan siswi ketika diberikan pemahaman bahwa pentingnya kebersihan diri pada saat menstruasi. Pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan berpengaruh dan signifikan terhadap perilaku personal hygiene pada masa menstruasi remaja di SMPN 2 Toili Kec. Mailong kab. Banggai.
Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Kualitas Kerja Dengan Kinerja Perawat Dalam Penerapan Sistem Keselamatan Pasien Di RSUD Sinjai Tahun 2020
Authors: Muhammad Iqbal  , A Fachrin Suharni , Saleh Lalu Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Latar belakang: Perawat sebagai tenaga kesehatan yang bertugas di garis depan pelayanan memerlukan pengetahuan, sikap yang mendukung penerapan sistem keselamatan pasien dan kualitas kerja yang baik serta kinerja perawat sebagai proses pelayanan. Keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit adalah sistem rumah sakit untuk membuat asuhan pelayanan pasien yang lebih aman. Aman dari kemungkinan terjadinya risiko Insiden Keselamatan Pasien (IKP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan kualitas kerja dengan kinerja perawat dalam penerapan sistem keselamtan pasien di RSUD Sinjai. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian cross-sectional dan besar sampel penelitian adalah 114 perawat dan 11 kepala ruangan. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang mengacu pada panduan nasional sistem keselamatan pasien, pedoman pelaporan IKP dan materi Joint Commission International (JCI) yang meliputi International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG) 1 – 6.  Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariate dengan uji chi-square dan analisis multivariate dengan regresi linear berganda. Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan kualitas kerja dengan kinerja perawat dalam penerapan sistem keselamatan pasien (ρ value = 0,000), dan ada hubungan secara simultan pengetahuan, sikap dan kualitas kehidupan kerja dengan kinerja perawat dalam penerapan sistem keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit umum daerah sinjai sebesar 52% dengan F hitung 58,498 bermakna (karena > F tabel 3,08). Kesimpulan: Perlu adanya sosialisasi dan pelatihan terkait sistem keselamatan pasien untuk meningkatkan kinerja perawat dalam menunjang mutu pelayanan di rumah sakit umum daerah sinjai.
Efektivitas Penyidikan Korban Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Terhadap Anak
Authors: Amran Erwin , Pawennei Muliaty , Zainuddin Zainuddin
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian menganalisis efektivitas penyidikan korban tindak pidana kekerasan terhadap anak di Polrestabes Makassar dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan tipe penelitian hukum normatif dan hukum empiris.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kasus kekerasan terhadap anak yang dilaporkan ke Polrestabes Makassar setiap tahun mengalami penurunan akan tetapi penyelesaiannya juga mengalami kecenderungan penurunan. Oleh karena itu, penyidikan korban tindak pidana kekerasan terhadap anak di Kepolisian Resor Kota Besar Makassar kurang efektiv. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas penyidikan korban tindak pidana kekerasan terhadap anak di Kepolisian Resor Kota Besar Makassar adalah faktor substansi hukum, faktor aparat penegak hukum, faktor sarana dan prasarana, faktor kesadaran hukum masyarakat, serta budaya hukum masyarakat.

The research objective is to analyze the effectiveness of the investigation of victims of violence against children at the Makassar Police and its influencing factors. This research method uses normative legal research and empirical law. The results of this study indicate that cases of violence against children reported to the Makassar Polrestabes have decreased every year but the settlement also has a tendency to decline. Therefore, the investigation of victims of violence against children at the Makassar City Police is less effective. Factors that influence the effectiveness of investigations of victims of violence against children at the Makassar City Police are legal substance factors, law enforcement factors, facilities and infrastructure factors, community legal awareness factors, and community legal culture
Pengaruh Kompetensi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Kanwil Sulawesi Maluku
Authors: Asmar A. , Razak St. Rahmi
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted to analyze the test effect of competence to employee performance at BPJS Employment Office of Sulawesi, Maluku, to analyze the effect of human resource development to employee performance at BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Office of Sulawesi, Maluku, to analyze the influence of organizational culture influence on employee performance BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Regional Office Sulawesi, Maluku, to analyze the more dominant variables affect the performance of employees at the Regional Office of the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Sulawesi, Maluku. This study uses data questionnaire, literature study and interviews with quality test data analysis techniques, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing. The study found that the results of the regression equation obtained results for the regression coefficient for the competence of 0.343 and has a value ρvalue of 0.002, so it can be concluded that the competency has a positive influence and significant impact on employee performance BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Office of Sulawesi, Maluku, the results of the regression equation to variable human resource development at .290, and has a value ρvalue amounted to 0,018, so that it can be concluded that the development of human resources has a positive influence and significant impact on employee performance BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Office of Sulawesi, Maluku, based on the results of data processed regression coefficient of the obtained regression coefficients for the variables Organizational culture of 0.724 and has value ρvalue = 0,000 so it can be concluded that organizational culture has a positive and significant influence terahdap employee performance on BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Office of Sulawesi Maluku, from h Regression test regression then it can be concluded that the organizational culture variable is the dominant variable affecting the improvement of employee performance on BPJS.
Pengaruh Pelayanan Sistem Informasi Akademik Terhadap Kinerja Operator Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Islam UIN Alauddin Makassar
Authors: Hamzah Fierda Amalia , Mas'ud Masdar , Serang Serlin
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pelayanan registrasi pembayaran terhadap penilaian kinerja operator Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam UIN Alauddin Makassar 2) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pelayanan kartu rencana studi terhadap penilaian kinerja operator Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam UIN Alauddin Makassar 3) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pelayanan penginputan absen terhadap penilaian kinerja operator Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam UIN Alauddin Makassar 4) Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh pelayanan kartu hasil studi terhadap penilaian kinerja operator Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam UIN Alauddin Makassar. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam UIN Alauddin Makassar, berjumlah 2208 orang. Sampel adalah bagian dari jumlah dan karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh populasi tersebut. peneliti memilih sampel 10 % dari total populasi yaitu sebesar 220 sampel . Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi sederhana.
This study aims to determine 1) To determine how the effect of payment registration services on the performance appraisal of the operators of the Faculty of Economics and Islamic Business UIN Alauddin Makassar 2) To find out how the effect of study plan card services on the performance assessment of the operators of the Faculty of Economics and Islamic Business UIN Alauddin Makassar 3) To find out how the effect of the absent input service on the performance appraisal of the operators of the Faculty of Economics and Islamic Business UIN Alauddin Makassar 4) To find out how the effect of the study card service on the performance evaluation of the operators of the Faculty of Economics and Islamic Business UIN Alauddin Makassar. The research approach used is quantitative. The population in this study were all students of the Faculty of Economics and Islamic Business UIN Alauddin Makassar, totaling 2208 people. The sample is part of the number and characteristics of the population. The researcher chose a sample of 10% of the total population, namely 220 samples. The data analysis method used is simple regression.
Cretan Turks at the End of the 19th Century: Migration and Settlement
Authors: Sepetcioğlu Tuncay Ercan
Published: March 2021

The Cretan Turks (and now their descendants) are a group of people who originally had lived in the Island of Crete till 1923 when the Obligatory Population Exchange Agreement signed between Turkey and Greece. Through almost the entire 19th century, as a result of Greek revolts one after another in different times in history and the public order on the island was disrupted, the Cretan Turkish population in fear of their lives left their living places, became refugees and the demographic structure of the island changed in favor of the Orthodox Christians. Among those migrations, the biggest and the most decisive on the political future of the island is the Heraklion Events that started in 1897 which resulted in the migration of at least 40,000 Turks. This population movement is particularly important as it caused the expansion of Cretan Turks to very different regions. The present existence of a Cretan community in Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Libya, the Rhodes and Kos Islands of Greece, along with (albeit few) Egypt, Jordan, Tunisia, the Island of Cyprus and Palestine happened due to this immigration movement. This article approaches the immigration and settlement process that happened at the very end of the 19th century as a result of a revolt in Crete, in a sudden and involuntary manner, in a period where the Ottoman Empire suffered from political, economic and social difficulties. Tracking the official records and by fieldwork where and how immigrants settled, how many and where new settlements were founded for them were analyzed with the methodological approaches of history and historical anthropology.
The Case for Black Studies Coursework in General Education
Authors: Markovitz Jeffrey S.
Published: March 2021

This article explores the function and value of considering Black Studies coursework as part of the general education curriculum. In the current cultural antiracist moment, it is important to consider the role academia plays not only in historicizing its own complicity in institutions of racism but also in offering contemporary solutions to such. Thinking of Black Studies as central to the mission of higher education centers the institution as a method of social justice and an avenue toward increasing the importance of marginalized American communities. General education curricula implies an inherent value of certain specific academic material ubiquitously applied to every student's educational experience. Positioning Black Studies coursework in that existent paradigm acknowledges a current void in systemic higher education and works to equalize previously imbalanced notions of just cultural education.
Electrification and Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women in India
Authors: Sedai Ashish Kumar , Nepal Rabindra , Jamasb Tooraj
Published: March 2021

This study moves beyond the consensus of counting electrified households as a measure of progress in gender energy parity. Using the India Human Development Survey, we examine the effect of reliability of electrification on empowerment of women in terms of economic autonomy, agency, mobility and decision-making abilities, underscoring the labor market and respite effects of service reliability.

We develop a comprehensive set of empowerment indices using principal component analysis and assess the causal effects of power outages on the indices with instrumental variable regressions while controlling for individual, household, district and caste characteristics. Results show that reliability of electricity lias significant positive effects on all empowerment indices and improves women’s labor market outcomes, however, the effects differ at the margin of deficiency, location, living standards and education. The study recommends policy focus on electrification from a gendered lens for cost-effective solutions.
Abatement Technologies and their Social Costs in a Hybrid General Equilibrium Framework
Authors: Miess Michael , Schmelzer Stefan , Ščasný Milan , Kopečná Vědunka
Published: March 2021

We present a novel methodology to integrate heterogeneous micro-founded preferences into a dynamic computable general equilibrium model. This integrated model is linked to a bottom-up technology-rich electricity model and a stock-flow vehicle accounting model to quantify the social costs of electric vehicles as an endogenous, demand-driven abatement technology. Emission abatement is achieved through consumer choices that are recognised as a central driver of endogenous technological change. Endogenously determined emissions from vehicle use, electricity generation, and production provide an input to quantify external costs attributable to air quality and carbon emissions. We find that carbon and vehicle registration tax policies induce a significant shift away from conventional vehicles towards electric vehicles in Austria by 2030. The shift to electric vehicles results in small overall economic costs, a substantial decline in fuel demand that exceeds the increase in electricity demand to charge vehicle batteries, and overall positive net environmental benefits.
Competitive Energy Storage and the Duck Curve
Authors: Schmalensee Richard
Published: March 2021

Power systems with high penetrations of solar generation need to replace solar output when it falls rapidly in the late afternoon—the duck curve problem. Storage is a carbon-free solution to this problem. This essay considers investment in generation and storage to minimize expected cost in a Boiteux-Turvey-style model of an electric power system with alternating daytime time periods, with solar generation, and nighttime periods, without it. In the most interesting cases, if energy market prices are uncapped, all expected cost minima are long-run competitive equilibria, and the long-run equilibrium value of storage capacity minimizes expected system cost conditional on generation capacities.
Achtsamkeit in der Heilpädagogik
Authors: Gottschall Kristina
Published: March 2021

Mindfulness can increase the quality of therapeutic pedagogical work in several ways: the relationship with clients gains in presence and depth, and professionals are provided with validated methods of self-care and health-care. Based on a selective literature search, this work uncovers theoretical and practical parallels between the concept of mindfulness and the therapeutic pedagogical discipline. An ethical and application-oriented perspective emerges that includes all system-relevant participants. Kristina Gottschall works as a pedagogical therapist and educator in outpatient youth welfare and integration assistance for adults with disabilities. She is responsible for the guidance and training of inclusion specialists.
«Las mayores fiestas que en España se vieron»: El conde de Haro en Briviesca (1440)
Authors: Nieto Soria José Manuel
Published: March 2021

En julio de 1440, la comitiva que acompaña a la princesa Blanca de Navarra para su boda con el príncipe Enrique de Castilla llega a la villa de Briviesca, perteneciente al conde Haro y que en aquel momento es el nuevo hombre fuerte en la corte castellana que preside la comitiva y se ocupará de la recepción en dicha villa. Con este motivo, tal como describe la crónica de Juan II, se realizarán durante cuatro días unas fiestas de una espectacularidad y singularidad tan extraordinaria que el cronista habrá de aludir a ellas como «las mayores fiestas que en España se vieron». En este artículo se aborda el estudio de estas fiestas en el marco de su contexto histórico.
retrato en el coleccionismo burgués y nobiliario en Madrid durante el siglo XIX: presencia, significados y narrativas
Authors: Martínez Plaza Pedro J.
Published: March 2021

El estudio de diferentes fuentes literarias, documentales (sobre todo inventarios) y gráficas (en especial fotografías) permite conocer los numerosos usos que el género del retrato tuvo en las colecciones de la burguesía y la nobleza durante el siglo XIX en Madrid. Se analizan tanto la variedad de narrativas en la disposición de los retratos históricos y de las efigies familiares en sus respectivos domicilios particulares como los diversos significados que ambos tipos de imágenes tuvieron. Además, estas prácticas se ponen en relación con las sucesivas iniciativas llevadas a cabo durante toda esta centuria desde instituciones como el Museo del Prado.
“¡Que se jodan!”
Authors: Pastor Lluís
Published: March 2021

Nuestra sociedad analiza las imágenes que captan las cámaras de todo el mundo con mucho detalle. Tanto es así que aún recordamos la imagen del candidato a la presidencia Barack Obama en la que mataba una mosca mientras respondía a la pregunta de una periodista. Aquel mosquicidio dio la vuelta al mundo y se convirtió en el símbolo definitivo de la rapidez de reflejos del presidenciable que encandilaba al planeta.
Postoperative Opioid-Prescribing Practice in Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Brooks Brandon M. , Brooks Bradley M. , Brooks Brady M. , Fleischer Adam E. , Smith Robert G. , Albright Rachel H.
Published: March 2021

Background: Approximately 3,900 Americans die every month of opioid overdose. The total economic burden of the opioid epidemic is estimated to be more than $78 billion annually. We sought to determine whether postoperative opioid-prescribing practice variation exists in foot and ankle surgery.

Methods: We administered a voluntary, anonymous, online questionnaire consisting of six foot and ankle surgery scenarios followed by a demographics section. The purpose of the demographics section was to gather characteristics of podiatric foot and ankle surgeons. We invited podiatric foot and ankle surgeons practicing in the United States to complete the questionnaire via e-mail from the American Podiatric Medical Association’s membership list. For each scenario, respondents selected the postoperative opioid(s) that they would prescribe at the time of surgery, as well as the dose, frequency, and number of “pills” (dosage units). We developed multiple linear regression models to identify associations between prescriber characteristics and two measures of opioid quantity: dosage units and morphine milligram equivalents.

Results: Eight hundred sixty podiatric foot and ankle surgeons completed the survey. The median number of dosage units never exceeded 30 regardless of the foot and ankle surgery. Years in practice correlated with reduction in dosage units at the time of surgery. Compared with the orthopedic community, podiatric foot and ankle surgeons prescribe approximately 25% less dosage units than orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons.

Conclusions: Postoperative opioid-prescribing practice variation exists in foot and ankle surgery. Further research is warranted to determine whether additional education is needed for young surgeons.
IMAGEM FOTOGRÁFICA: A COMPLEXIDADE DO PERCURSO DE OTLET AOS DIAS ATUAIS
Authors: Sá Alzira Tude de
Published: March 2021

Este artigo se propõe a discorrer sobre os usos e apropriações da fotografia, identificando o percurso que fez com que ela passasse de uma invenção do século XIX, com traços puramente estéticos de representação da realidade, para uma ferramenta útil e eficaz da pesquisa acadêmica; aponta para as mudanças ocorridas no conceito de história, ocasionadas pelas transformações que abalaram o pensamento filosófico e científico referentes às fontes documentais e dentre elas a fotografia. Como uma revisão de literatura, este estudo aborda o conceito de documento e sua ampliação, trazendo o pensamento de Briet (1951), Buckland (1991) e Otlet (1996), como referências históricas de um novo pensar sobre a noção de documento. Revista como instrumento de promoção e circulação social do conhecimento, a fotografia passou a ser considerada como um elemento de contribuição teórica aos estudos e análises da sociedade, ao exercer e ser reconhecida a sua função mediadora entre os sujeitos e o mundo, estatuto que repercutiu na adoção de novos olhares e métodos de análise e interpretação que, na contemporaneidade, têm sido adotados por parte das Ciências Sociais e, em particular, pela Ciência da Informação.
A Review of Emerging Dual‐Ion Batteries: Fundamentals and Recent Advances
Authors: Zhang Luojiang , Wang Haitao , Zhang Xiaoming , Tang Yongbing
Published: March 2021

Dual‐ion batteries (DIBs), based on the working mechanism involving the storage of cations and anions separately in the anode and cathode during the charging/discharging process, are of great interest beyond lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in high‐efficiency energy storage due to the merits of high working voltage, material availability, as well as low cost and excellent safety. Despite the progress achieved, the practical applications of DIBs are still hindered by negative issues, such as limited capacity and cyclic stability, which triggers the development of suitable electrode materials with highly reversible capacities, and corresponding electrolytes with high oxidative stability as well as sufficient reaction kinetics of active ions. Herein, in this article, a systematic and comprehensive review of fundamentals and recent advances in current DIBs with subcategories of cathode materials, anode materials, and electrolytes are presented. In particular, their energy storage mechanisms, as well as their respective features, are dissected. Furthermore, some strategies and perspectives are proposed for facilitating the further development of DIBs in the future.
Development of Conformable Substrates for OLEDs Using Highly Transparent Bacterial Cellulose Modified with Recycled Polystyrene
Authors: Cebrian Ariane V. S. , Carvalho Rafael S. , Barreto Arthur R. J. , Maturi Fernando E. , Barud Hernane S. , Silva Robson R. , Legnani Cristiano , Cremona Marco , Ribeiro Sidney J. L.
Published: March 2021

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a biocompatible and nontoxic biopolymer that has been successfully used as a substrate for flexible organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Although BC membranes exhibit excellent mechanical properties and industrial scalability, they are semitransparent, which limits their performance. To improve the optical properties of BC membranes, methods such as the polymerization of different inorganic–organic hybrid materials and petrochemical derivative monomers have been considered; however, these methods require considerable time and effort. In this work, transparent BC membranes for conformable OLEDs substrates are fabricated by spray coating a solution of recycled petrochemical plastics, found in expanded foam package wastes, and d‐limonene, which is a green solvent extracted from orange peels. This fabrication approach is highly scalable and can be considered a sustainable technique to develop high performance transparent substrates for photonic applications based on both recovered petrochemical polymers and naturally occurring biopolymers. In terms of the morphological and structural properties, the resulting transparent membranes exhibit a lower roughness than pristine BC. The resulting BC‐PS composite is used as a substrate for OLED fabrication. The conformable OLEDs exhibit a current efficiency of up to 5 cd A−1 (16 000 cd m−2) and power density of ≈2.8 mW cm−2.
Media on‐demand: Continuous reconstitution of a chemically defined media directly from solids
Authors: Komuczki Daniel , Dutra Gregory , Gstöttner Christoph , Dominguez‐Vega Elena , Jungbauer Alois , Satzer Peter
Published: March 2021

Chemically defined media are reconstituted batchwise and stored in hold tanks until use. To avoid large hold tanks and batchwise production of media, we developed continuous on‐demand reconstitutions directly from solids consisting of a hopper and a screw conveyor capable of feeding dry powdered media with the required precision ±5% at low dosing rates of 0.171 g min−1. A commercially available dry powdered cell culture medium was continuously fed over a duration of 12 h into a mixer which was connected to a UV‐cell for monitoring and the media were compared to a batchwise production. A comparable amino acid, carbohydrate, and osmolality profile to a batchwise reconstitution could be obtained. Cell cultivation showed comparable performance of batch and continuous reconstitution for two CHO cell lines producing the antibodies adalimumab and trastuzumab on a small and benchtop scale. In‐depth analysis of the produced antibodies showed the same glycosylation pattern, other posttranslational profiles such as methionine oxidation and deamidation compared to batchwise reconstitution. Therefore, we conclude a continuous reconstitution of the medium results in the same quality of the product. A continuous on‐demand media reconstitution will impact the supply chain and significantly reduce the floor space necessary for preparation and storage.
Smoking and heart failure: a Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis
Authors: Lu Yunlong , Xu Zhouming , Georgakis Marios K. , Wang Zhen , Lin Hefeng , Zheng Liangrong
Published: March 2021

Aims

We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate the associations of ever smoking, lifelong smoking duration, and smoking cessation with heart failure (HF) risk.

Methods and results

We extracted genetic variants associated with smoking initiation, age at initiation of regular smoking, cigarettes per day, and smoking cessation from the genome‐wide association study and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (1.2 million individuals), as well as a composite lifetime smoking index from the UK Biobank (462 690 individuals). The associations between smoking phenotypes and HF were explored in the Heart Failure Molecular Epidemiology for Therapeutic Targets Consortium (47 309 cases; 930 014 controls) employing inverse variance‐weighted meta‐analysis and multivariable MR. The mediation effects of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation on smoking–HF risk were explored using mediation analysis. The odds ratios (ORs) for HF were 1.28 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–1.36; P = 1.5 × 10−18] for ever regular smokers compared with never smokers and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09–1.44; P = 1.6 × 10−3) for current smokers vs. former smokers. Genetic liability to smoking more cigarettes per day (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.20–1.58; P = 6.4 × 10−6) and a higher composite lifetime smoking index (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.31–1.70; P = 2.5 × 10−9) were associated with a higher risk of HF. The results were robust and consistent in all sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR after adjusting for HF risk factors, and their associations were independent of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation.

Conclusions

Genetic liability to ever smoking and a higher lifetime smoking burden are associated with a higher risk of HF.
Risk stratification with echocardiographic biomarkers in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the media echo score
Authors: Huttin Olivier , Fraser Alan G. , Lund Lars H. , Donal Erwan , Linde Cecilia , Kobayashi Masatake , Erdei Tamas , Machu Jean‐Loup , Duarte Kevin , Rossignol Patrick , Paulus Walter , Zannad Faiez , Girerd Nicolas ,   MEDIA and KaRen investigators
Published: March 2021

Aims

Echocardiographic predictors of outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have not been systematically or independently validated. We aimed at identifying echocardiographic predictors of cardiovascular events in a large cohort of patients with HFpEF and to validate these in an independent large cohort.

Methods and results

We assessed the association between echocardiographic parameters and cardiovascular outcomes in 515 patients with heart failure with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (>50%) in the MEtabolic Road to DIAstolic Heart Failure (MEDIA) multicentre study. We validated out findings in 286 patients from the Karolinska‐Rennes Prospective Study of HFpEF (KaRen). After multiple adjustments including N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), the significant predictors of death or cardiovascular hospitalization were pulmonary arterial systolic pressure > 40 mmHg, respiratory variation in inferior vena cava diameter > 0.5, E/e' > 9, and lateral mitral annular s' < 7 cm/s. The combination of these four variables differentiated patients with <10% vs. >35% 1 year risk. Adding these four echocardiographic variables on top of clinical variables and NT‐proBNP yielded significant net reclassification improvement (33.8%, P < 0.0001) and increase in C‐index (5.3%, a change from 72.2% to 77.5%, P = 0.015) of similar magnitude as the addition of NT‐proBNP on top of clinical variables alone. In the KaRen cohort, these four variables yielded a similar improvement in net reclassification improvement (22.3%, P = 0.014) and C‐index (4.0%, P = 0.029).

Conclusions

Use of four simple echocardiographic parameters (within the MEDIA echo score), indicative of pulmonary hypertension, elevated central venous pressure, LV diastolic dysfunction, and LV long‐axis systolic dysfunction, independently predicted prognosis and improved risk stratification additionally to clinical variables and NT‐proBNP in HFpEF. This finding was validated in an independent cohort.