bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle factors, glycemic traits, and lipoprotein traits and risk of liver cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhang Honglu , Liu Jiyong
Published: April 2024

The current state of knowledge on the relationship between lifestyle factors, glycemic traits, lipoprotein traits with liver cancer risk is still uncertain despite some attempts made by observational studies. This study aims to investigate the causal genetic relationship between factors highly associated with liver cancer incidence by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Employing MR analysis, this study utilized previously published GWAS datasets to investigate whether lifestyle factors, glycemic traits, and lipoprotein traits would affect the risk of liver cancer. The study utilized three MR methods, including inverse variance-weighted model (IVW), MR Egger, and weighted median. Furthermore, MR-Egger analyses were performed to detect heterogeneity in the MR results. The study also conducted a leave-one-out analysis to assess the potential influence of individual SNPs on the MR analysis results. MR-PRESSO was used to identify and remove SNP outliers associated with liver cancer. MR analyses revealed that 2-h glucose (odds ratio, OR 2.33, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.28–4.21), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.18–2.37), body mass index (BMI, OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.18–2.37), waist circumference (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.18–2.37) were associated with increased risk of liver cancer. On the contrary, apolipoproteins B (APOB, OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.97), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.42–0.92) were negatively related to liver cancer risk. Additionally, after adjusting for BMI, apolipoproteins A-I (APOA-I, OR 0.56, 95% CI, 0.38–0.81), total cholesterol (TC, OR 0.72, 95% CI, 0.54–0.94), and total triglycerides (TG, OR 0.57, 95% CI, 0.40–0.78) exhibited a significant inverse correlation with the risk of liver cancer. This study supports a causal relationship between 2-h glucose, T2DM, BMI, and waist circumference with the increased risk of liver cancer. Conversely, the study reveals a cause-effect relationship between TC, TG, LDL, APOA-I, and APOB with a decreased risk of liver cancer.
Genome-wide analysis to uncover how Pocillopora acuta survives the challenging intertidal environment
Authors: Poquita-Du Rosa Celia , Huang Danwei , Todd Peter A.
Published: April 2024

Characterisation of genomic variation among corals can help uncover variants underlying trait differences and contribute towards genotype prioritisation in coastal restoration projects. For example, there is growing interest in identifying resilient genotypes for transplantation, and to better understand the genetic processes that allow some individuals to survive in specific conditions better than others. The coral species Pocillopora acuta is known to survive in a wide range of habitats, from reefs artificial coastal defences, suggesting its potential use as a starter species for ecological engineering efforts involving coral transplantation onto intertidal seawalls. However, the intertidal section of coastal armour is a challenging environment for corals, with conditions during periods of emersion being particularly stressful. Here, we scanned the entire genome of P. acuta corals to identify the regions harbouring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variations (CNVs) that separate intertidal colonies (n = 18) from those found in subtidal areas (n = 21). Findings revealed 74,391 high quality SNPs distributed across 386 regions of the P. acuta genome. While the majority of the detected SNPs were in non-coding regions, 12% were identified in exons (i.e. coding regions). Functional SNPs that were significantly associated with intertidal colonies were found in overrepresented genomic regions linked to cellular homeostasis, metabolism, and signalling processes, which may represent local environmental adaptation in the intertidal. Interestingly, regions that exhibited CNVs were also associated with metabolic and signalling processes, suggesting P. acuta corals living in the intertidal have a high capacity to perform biological functions critical for survival in extreme environments.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor genetic variants and peripheral receptor expression affects trait scores of autistic probands
Authors: Dutta Nilanjana , Chatterjee Mahasweta , Saha Sharmistha , Sinha Swagata , Mukhopadhyay Kanchan
Published: April 2024

Glutamate (Glu) is important for memory and learning. Hence, Glu imbalance is speculated to affect autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pathophysiology. The action of Glu is mediated through receptors and we analyzed four metabotropic Glu receptors (mGluR/GRM) in Indo-Caucasoid families with ASD probands and controls. The trait scores of the ASD probands were assessed using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale2-ST. Peripheral blood was collected, genomic DNA isolated, and GRM5 rs905646, GRM6 rs762724 & rs2067011, and GRM7 rs3792452 were analyzed by PCR/RFLP or Taqman assay. Expression of mGluRs was measured in the peripheral blood by qPCR. Significantly higher frequencies of rs2067011 ‘A’ allele/ AA’ genotype were detected in the probands. rs905646 ‘A ‘exhibited significantly higher parental transmission. Genetic variants showed independent as well as interactive effects in the probands. Receptor expression was down-regulated in the probands, especially in the presence of rs905646 ‘AA’, rs762724 ‘TT’, rs2067011 ‘GG’, and rs3792452 ‘CC’. Trait scores were higher in the presence of rs762724 ‘T’ and rs2067011 ‘G’. Therefore, in the presence of risk genetic variants, down-regulated mGluR expression may increase autistic trait scores. Since our investigation was confined to the peripheral system, in-depth exploration involving peripheral as well as central nervous systems may validate our observation.
Magnetic and structural characteristics associated with the transformation of As(v)-coprecipitated ferrihydrite to hematite: implications for magnetic enhancement in soils and sediments
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Tang Yixuan , Lin Jinru , Xu Jiaxing , Yuan Zidan , Chen Lingyun , Wu Fei , Liu Chengshuai , Zhu Zongmin , Bi Xiangyang , Zou Wei , Cao Zhiguo , Jiang Kai , Pan Yuanming , Chernikov Roman , Jia Yongfeng , Wang Shaofeng
Published: April 2024

The transformation of metastable ferrihydrite to stable hematite has been linked to magnetic enhancement in soils and sediments.
Medicinal and edible polysaccharides from ancient plants: extraction, isolation, purification, structure, biological activity and market trends of sea buckthorn polysaccharides
Authors: Xu Xinmei , Liu Xianfeng , Yu Shufu , Wang Ting , Li Rui , Zhang Yi , Liu Yue
Published: April 2024

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae L.), a well-known medicinal and edible plant, is known as the “king of VC”.
The dairy-derived peptide Miltin exerts anti-obesity effects by increasing adipocyte thermogenesis
Authors: Zhong Hong , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Wu Yangyang , Li Lu , Zhang Zhuo , Chi Xia , Cui Xianwei , Ji Chenbo
Published: April 2024

Miltin, a dairy-derived peptide, activates the thermogenic programs in brown and white adipocytes by directly interacting with GADD45r.
Effect of l-arabinose and lactulose combined with Lactobacillus plantarum on obesity induced by a high-fat diet in mice
Authors: Wang Qiong , Xiong Jialu , He Yalun , He Juncheng , Cai Miaomiao , Luo Zexian , Zhang Tongcun , Zhou Xiang
Published: April 2024

The combination of l-arabinose, lactulose, and Lactobacillus plantarum produced anti-obesity effect through ameliorating the glucolipid metabolism, enhancing the intestinal barrier, as well as regulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs.
Alkaline earth modified activated carbon supported Cu catalysts with enhanced selectivity in the hydrogenation of dimethyl oxalate to methyl glycolate
Authors: Rong Zanji , Shen Weihua , Fang Yunjin
Published: April 2024

In this work, the effect of alkaline earth metal modification on the catalytic performance of activated carbon supported Cu was investigated.
A high-current initiated formation strategy for improved cycling stability of anode-free lithium metal batteries
Authors: Cai Kangning , Zhang Mengtian , Zhong Geng , Kang Guohuang , Biao Jie , Li Chuang , Liu Yanru , Zhou Guangmin , Kang Feiyu , Cao Yidan
Published: April 2024

Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) are considered as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density rechargeable lithium batteries. An efficient high-current initiated formation strategy is developed for AFLMBs.
Thermally stable metallic glass strain sensors with extended sensing range and sensitivity
Authors: Cho Jae Sang , Jang Woongsik , Park Keum Hwan , Wang Dong Hwan
Published: April 2024

This research thoroughly analyzes strain sensing performance and thermal stability of metallic glass (MG) electrodes. The amorphous characteristic of MG film endows a high gauge factor and bending motion detection of the strain sensor device.
Correlation analysis of factors affecting piggyback transportation in Uzbekistan
Authors: Mukhamedova Ziyoda , Ibragimova Gulshan , Tulayev Altinbek , Kayumov Shohrukh , Kibishov Adylkhan
Published: April 2024

Rail transport is traditionally used in the implementation of international and intercontinental piggyback transportation. Despite a significant level of computerization and informatization, the level of delays in the delivery of goods in the field of piggyback intermodal transportation is not decreasing. The unsatisfactory speed of piggyback trains is a significant factor in these delays. This situation has developed due to the lack of effective approaches to building management systems that would demonstrate a high level of efficiency in the face of uncertainty, which is a natural component of the transportation process. The article is devoted to the correlation analysis of factors affecting the cargo turnover of piggyback transportation in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The main factors affecting the cargo turnover of piggyback transportation were identified; the degree of the effect was established by statistical methods. Based on data obtained for the last ten years, a correlation matrix and a regression model of cargo turnover were built. The results obtained make it possible to build forecasts for the cargo turnover of piggyback transportation for 2–4 years with a 95% confidence interval.
Kinematics and traction properties of the V-belt transmission
Authors: Mamaev Alexey , Balabina Tatiana , Karelina Maria
Published: April 2024

The wide application of V-belt transmissions in various types of machinery requires analysing the operation of these transmissions, including consideration of their kinematic and force parameters. In this work it is executed with application of the spatial theory of interaction of a V-belt with pulleys of the transmission - the mechanism of movement of an element of a belt in a groove of a pulley, its sliding and forces acting on an element of a belt are considered. The methodology of kinematic and force parameters determination for V-belt transmission is given.
Development of a route setting model in the dispatching centralization system
Authors: Mukhiddinov Obidjon , Boltayev Sunnatillo , Yunusova Gulshanoy , Khidirov Erkin , Yoldashev Ijodbek
Published: April 2024

These days, automation and remote control technologies provide the foundation for the organization of train movement across several categories. At railroad sections and stations, dispatcher centralization systems are utilized to guarantee the security of train movement. However, in the railroad portions where high-speed train movements are organized, time limitations based on the human factor are being implemented. Consequently, this results in longer wait times for technological processes at stations and longer train intervals on some railway segments. Developing an automated route preparation procedure at stations in dispatching centralization systems will allow for the resolution of current issues. A dispatching centralized system model for route establishment has been created in this scientific study. Using a two-layer neural network, a mathematical model of route setting in the dispatcher centralization system was determined. Neural networks are employed in rail dispatch rooms for intelligent route comparison and in dispatcher centralized systems for tracking train routes at stations.
Functions of the interlocking system on mixed traffic lines
Authors: Boltayev Sunnatillo
Published: April 2024

These days, automated rail traffic control systems help to lessen the need for human intervention in train traffic management. On the other hand, the various algorithms used by interlocking systems to coordinate the movement of trains belonging to distinct categories result in longer wait times for technological procedures at the station. The possibility of timely routes for trains of multiple categories occurs by employing the method of automatic route preparation by interlocking systems in the organization of the movement of trains of different categories. In interlocking systems, automatic route preparation can be achieved by continuously monitoring train characteristics, train traffic graphs of various train classes, and the condition of equipment involved in the function’s development. Nonetheless, it is predicated on the creation of many models to arrange the specifications of various train classes and train movements inside a single schedule type. In order to prepare the routes ahead of time for the station tracks based on the algorithms for the operation of interlocking systems for various kinds of trains, the paper analyzes the reliance of the traffic composition characteristics.
Transport infrastructure in the system of environmental projects for sustainable development of the region
Authors: Fokina Olga , Mottaeva Angela , Mottaeva Asiiat
Published: April 2024

The purpose of the work is to analyze national and federal projects of the Russian Federation in the field of ecology, transport infrastructure, assess the degree of their implementation and identify factors affecting the effectiveness of project activities. The article analyzes the main aspects of project management in the system of transport infrastructure development, control and monitoring of planned activities. This will reveal the degree to which the final goals of the projects have been achieved, taking into account the transport component in the region’s system. One of the most pressing topics in the modern world is the environmental problem, which has a serious impact on the economy of the state and the life of society. The negative consequences of economic growth have necessitated the formation of a concept of sustainable development and the development of Sustainable Development Goals within its framework, the achievement of which is carried out through the development and implementation of environmental projects. Using a systematic approach, considering the totality of national, federal and regional environmental projects as a single and integrated system, allowed us to achieve our goal. As a result of the conducted research, projects of the Russian Federation in the field of ecology at the national and federal levels were identified, projects were linked to the Goals of sustainable development, development of transport infrastructure, an analysis of the implementation of project indicators was carried out, the reasons for the deviation of indicators from the set values were identified, the dynamics of environmental ratings of the leading regions over two years was considered. The practical and theoretical significance of the study lies in identifying the factors influencing the success of project activities in the field of ecology, taking into account transport infrastructure and the possibility of predicting the results of project implementation in the future.
Route capacity in designing urban public passenger transportation
Authors: Fadeev A.I.
Published: April 2024

Public transport is of crucial importance for urban agglomerations - it is the only transport system that can satisfy the mobility of the population with acceptable quality at minimum cost with less negative impact on the environment. In the tasks of designing public transport, ensuring the capacity of the routes is of particular relevance. This problem does not have an unambiguous solution, and in the majority of research, possible excess of capacity of vehicles, as a rule, are ignored. The paper presents the developed mathematical model, which allows us to calculate the highest intensity passenger flow from the transport demand for a day of transport operation and on this basis to determine the necessary throughput capacity at the established limits of rolling stock capacity. An example of calculation of dependence of intensity and interval of movement on nominal capacity of rolling stock is given, in which an example of the performance of restrictions of the capacity of rolling stock is provided on a section of a route with passenger flow of the greatest capacity.
Development strategies for unmanned aerial vehicles in the construction industry
Authors: Mottaeva Angela
Published: April 2024

The paper provides research on the use of modern drones or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for effective work in the fields of architectural design, construction management and monitoring. The authors examined the theoretical foundations and practical features of modern unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones. Statistics on the structure of the global UAV market are presented. The detailed description of the primary applications of drones in the construction sector is provided. The main advantages of new technologies over traditional ones are noted. The paper pays attention to the issues of increasing safety at construction sites. The introduction of innovative technologies is necessary for the development of the construction industry. The use of such technologies will reduce task completion times, improve work quality, improve safety standards and reduce costs. At the same time, the authors noted some shortcomings of modern unmanned technologies. In the conclusion of the paper, insights are presented regarding the future possibilities for integrating unmanned aerial vehicles in construction projects.
Modeling of contact interaction of crack banks based on finite element schemes
Authors: Lukashevich Anatoliy
Published: April 2024

The problems of modeling the formation and propagation of cracks are relevant in a variety of applied fields: dynamics and strength of machines and mechanisms, mechanics of structural materials and structures, etc. When describing the fracture process, in addition to the fracture criteria, it is also important to correctly take into account changes in the rheology of the destroyed material, including the contact interaction between the surfaces of the cracks and fragments formed. This paper proposes a technique for calculating the stress-strain state of cracked bodies taking into account the contact interaction of crack banks in the normal direction. The technique is based on the transformation of a finite element grid with the introduction of double nodes, as well as an iterative algorithm for determining the contact zones of the crack banks. An example of calculating deformations of a shaft with a crack under the action of body weight at different angular positions of the shaft is given.
Numerical simulation of damage to the deformed state of the coating slab of a special structure
Authors: Yatsenko Anna A. , Chernyshov Mikhail V. , Savelova Karina E.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we strived to the goal to ensure various special structures against damage factors of high-explosive blast. Together with application of combined blast protection devices, we considered reinforcement of constructive elements and simulated the impact and interaction of detonating projectile with reinforced concrete wall. Various packages of computational mechanics which belong to ANSYS family were applied to numerical simulations, as well as the developed numerical model of reinforced media which can be effective in development of combined blast-protective structures for urban environment. Protection devices based of developed blast-protective structures combine influence of blast-absorbing multiphase media with durability of rigid reinforced base constructions, so the numerical simulation of blast wave reflection and projectile impact are also necessary for their research and development. Our computational results, achieved in this study, have shown that, owing to reinforcement, the considered coating slab retained its integrity, though some cracking and ejection of concrete really occurred.
To the effectiveness of using of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives on a hilly section of railroad
Authors: Ablyalimov O.
Published: April 2024

A program algorithm and a method for producing (performing) traction calculations are proposed, based on geometric constructions of changes in the speed and time of train movement along the track, relying on the specific resultant forces of the train in the travel track of rolling stock. Calculations of the kinematic parameters of the movement of a freight train on a virtual hilly section of the railway were carried out using a graphic-analytical method when moving with stops and without stops at the intermediate and final stations. The values of the energy efficiency indicators of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives when driving a freight train with a minimum train weight in quantitative and monetary terms are substantiated. The numerical results of the research are obtained in the form of tabular data, which specialists of the locomotive complex can use when analyzing and assessing the efficiency of the transportation work of UzTE16M3 diesel locomotives under real operating conditions.
Evaluation of tribo-vibration characteristics of the finishing turning process of heat-resistant structural steel 20MnMoNi5-5
Authors: Gvindjiliya Valery , Fominov Evgeny , Moiseev Denis , Lavrenova Tatyana
Published: April 2024

This article is devoted to determining the rational range of cutting speeds during longitudinal finish turning of heat-resistant steel 20MnMoNi5-5 based on a set of tribological and vibration parameters of the cutting process. Turning workpieces with diameters D=120 mm made of 20MnMoNi5-5 steel with T15K6 carbide plates without cooling at finishing feeds and allowance values at cutting speeds of 100-220 m/min was carried out and studied. It was experimentally established that the local minimum for vibration energy was located within the speed range of 190-220 m/min. According to the results of tool life tests in this speed range, the wear rate of the cutting inserts was also minimized and the operating time of the tool was increased, making it possible to ensure the required surface roughness Ra≤1.6 μm.
Development of a project to create a road transport infrastructure using small unmanned aircraft
Authors: Duganova Elena , Novikov Ivan , Miroshnikov Evgeny , Dolzhenko Alexander
Published: April 2024

The infrastructure for small unmanned aircraft has not yet been formed: there are no organized ground-based stations, there are no clear operating regulations for performing specialized types of work. It is proposed that when creating projects for an updated road transport infrastructure using ground-based autonomous vehicles, take into account the ability to maintain and maintain the operability of unmanned aircraft systems. Unmanned aerial vehicles can be used not only when conducting an inspection of the accident site, but also when checking on-site readings, investigative experiments, determining visibility on the road, etc. In the course of these investigative and procedural actions. The use of traffic control methods using small unmanned aircraft will make a significant contribution to ensuring road safety and reducing the level of accidents on highways. It is proposed that when creating projects for an updated road transport infrastructure using ground-based autonomous vehicles, take into account the ability to maintain and maintain the operability of unmanned aircraft systems.
Configuring the algorithm of the load limiter with intermediate threshold
Authors: Nazarov Aleksandr , Ivanov Sergey , Yilmaz Mikhail
Published: April 2024

The problem of low quality of the operation of load capacity limiters is revealed due to incorrect tuning of its algorithm parameters. The technique of determining the parameters of the algorithm with an intermediate threshold is developed. The realization of the method is based on the information of the load and speed sensors of the lifting mechanism. Based on the methodology, the algorithm for automatic calculation of the intermediate threshold and the unconditional interdiction threshold is developed. For a real crane the parameters of the rated capacity limiter algorithm are calculated. The comparison of the algorithm parameters with the values obtained by the empirical method is carried out. Conclusions are made about the applicability of the developed methodology.
Issues associated with data generation in artificial intelligence
Authors: Gairabekova Tamara , Aygumov Timur , Belashova Elena
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence is the late popular technology that can be found in any possible field. The spread of this technology like a virus is due to the improvement of technology and the methods and the wide knowledge of humanity. The technology is conquering areas that one not even imagine and it is turning them into refined products. However, there are always some issues that occur at the beginning or in the process. In this case, the second one is the case. The issue with technology, in some areas, is that it can collapse on itself. The overgeneration of data could lead to unwanted outcomes. Therefore, the work will illustrate how artificial intelligence, in some cases, can be destroying itself. Meaning losing the quality that it had at the beginning of its use.
Assessment measures developed to improve quality of route transport Polotsk and Novopolotsk
Authors: Kapski Denis , Semchenkov Sergey , Gamulsky Igor , Ikromov Akmaljon , Omarov Janserik , Abruev Shakhbos
Published: April 2024

The paper considers options for reducing environmental losses in Polotsk and Novopolotsk through the development of trolleybus and tram systems – various types of urban electric transport. In order to reduce the costs of creating transport (including charging) infrastructure, as well as operating costs, the effectiveness of such systems has been determined when using not only classic types of transport, but also hybrid buses, electric buses, duo-buses. Approaches and methods have been developed to improve the quality of passenger service without deteriorating the environmental situation – this will become possible thanks to the development of tram and trolleybus traffic in Polotsk and Novopolotsk. Variants of scenarios for the use of various types of urban eclectic transport in the cities under study are presented, which will reduce investment in vehicles and the cost of creating an operational base at the expense of existing production facilities, for example, a tram fleet. The proposals outlined in the paper are aimed at improving the environmental situation in these cities by reducing the volume of emissions of harmful substances by buses, especially on the central streets
Green innovations in construction: how environmental technologies shape the economy of sustainable cities
Authors: Redzhepov Maksat , Nazarova Nadezhda , Cherkina Vera , Romanishina Tatiana
Published: April 2024

The article examines current trends in the use of green technologies in construction in order to create sustainable and environmentally friendly cities. The authors highlight various aspects of green innovation, such as energy-efficient building materials, waste management systems, sustainable infrastructure and energy efficiency of buildings. The paper also condemns the benefits of green innovation, including reducing environmental impacts, improving the energy efficiency of buildings, improving air and water quality in urban environments, and examines examples of successful implementation of green technologies in various countries and cities. The researchers call for the active introduction of green innovations in construction in order to create sustainable cities that can combine modern amenities with minimal impact on natural resources. The article emphasizes that green innovations in construction not only contribute to reducing the negative impact on the environment, but can also significantly save resources and costs for the operation of buildings in the long term. The authors draw attention to the fact that the support and development of green technologies in construction can lead to job creation, stimulate innovation and improve the quality of life in cities. The role of state and municipal authorities in promoting green initiatives, implementing sustainable construction standards, as well as providing financial incentives for enterprises actively involved in creating environmentally sustainable urban environments is also highlighted. In general, the paper notes the need to understand the importance of the transition to green innovations in construction in order to ensure the sustainability of cities, improve the quality of life of citizens, and, what is especially important in the modern world, to cope with the challenges of climate change.
Innovation and digitalization in construction: new opportunities and challenges for investors and businesses
Authors: Khonchev Mikhail , Garbuzova Taisiya , Kokhreidze Murman , Osin Roman
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the features of innovation and the possibilities of digitalization, which are extremely important for investors and enterprises. As the authors point out, the construction industry resists technological changes and produces a large amount of useless energy; “green” innovations should compensate for these shortcomings. The emergence of new and powerful digital transformations has provided the construction industry with a lot of opportunities. Along with the industrial revolution and the modernization of technology, all industries are changing their traditional ways of working and managing. However, the developing construction industry is lagging far behind this technological transformation. Traditional methods of design and operation have become obstacles in the process of its transformation. The construction industry has played an indispensable role in the economic growth of countries over the past decades, but now it must keep up with the times. Recently, industrial enterprises have begun to introduce new concepts, such as digital construction and parametric design. However, there is still no assessment of the effectiveness of digital reform at construction enterprises.
Features of transport flow modeling in projects of sustainable development in urban areas
Authors: Koshel Ilya , Mazur Vladimir
Published: April 2024

The paper highlights the problems of modern Russian cities that significantly affect their socio-economic development. Most of the problems are related to the transport and logistics system due to the historical design of urban neighborhoods, chaotic and point development, and the increasing importance of road transport. All this supports the need to develop comprehensive projects for the development of urban areas. It is impossible without the use of specialized software tools, which are based on all aspects of the territory being modernized. The use of a set of methods, based on structural analysis and simulation modeling, allowed us to obtain formal models of transport processes associated with Yeniseyskaya Street in the city of Moscow. Based on the obtained models, examples of created scenarios for forecasting changes in the processes of the object of study over time during the modernization of its individual elements are presented.
Electric scooters: impact on mobility in the city
Authors: Shvetsova Svetlana
Published: April 2024

This article examines the impact of electric scooters on mobility in the city in terms of changing the time spent on transfer from home to work. To determine how much the time spent on transfer from home to work will change when changing the previously used vehicle (car, bus or metro) to an electric scooter, a comparative analysis of data was carried out in three designated groups. The results obtained make it possible to assess the level of influence of changing a previously used vehicle (car, bus or metro) to an electric scooter when transferring from home to work. The results of the study may be relevant for further research in the field of urban mobility, including through the introduction of such types of vehicles as electric scooters.
Modernization of skidding and primary removal of wood in the Vologda Region through the use of relevant domestic solutions
Authors: Svoikin F.V. , Svoikin V. F. , Rossikhin K. V. , Borozna A. A. , Taraban M. V. , Maksimov P. P. , Kovtun M. A.
Published: April 2024

In the paper on the basis of the analysis of technical indicators and the aggregates used of the applied and introduced forest machinery (multi-operational forest machines) a study was carried out on the efficiency of variants in the sorting of logs during the implementation of technological operations in skidding and primary timber transportation under typical natural and production conditions Totemsky Forestry - a branch of the company SAU Forestry of the Vologda region “Vologda Forestry Association” (Vologda region, Russian Federation). As a result of analyzing the ratio of torque and other given dimensional and qualitative indicators, recommendations are given on the use of wheeled picker “Trom 20” for more efficient work in conditions of insufficient bearing capacity of the forest harvesting area soil.
International monitoring of permafrost
Authors: Yakovleva T.A.
Published: April 2024

The international community has taken upon itself the responsibility for the condition of the environment as a human habitat. International conventions draw attention of governments to the pollution and the deterioration of the environment as a result of economic and other human activity. Particular attention is paid to issues of climate change and sustainable development, emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere are taken under government control. According to research data, at the present stage there is an onset of a thawing process of not just Arctic ice, but also of permafrost. The thawing of permafrost on one hand is a result of climate warming, on the other hand it will inevitably lead to emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and become a source (cause) of climate change. Permafrost covers the territories of northern parts of America, Europe, Asia, islands of the Arctic Ocean, and the Antarctica. The paper argues for the necessity of research on the thermokarst processes on the basis of international cooperation, the development of an international permafrost monitoring network. Establishing the principles of organization of international cooperation, the funding and the creation of a permafrost monitoring network in international agreements will become an another step towards ensuring the environmental security of our planet. Research and reproduction of scientific knowledge were conducted along the spectrum of related fields of international and environmental law and areas of legal regulation, and also at the crossing of law and fields of permafrost studies, geology, ecology, biology, environmental protection.
The operation model of the point setting relay for a microelectronic device
Authors: Azizov Asadulla , Ametova Elnara , Nuriddinov Qurbonali , Ubaydullayev Saidazim
Published: April 2024

The application of electromagnetic relays in train control systems in rail transport is a challenging task. The solution of this innovative problem is based on the use of microelectronic, contactless elements, graph theory, process modeling, and the use of microprocessors. A Petri net multigraph has been developed and investigated for various operating modes of route cutting relays. Multigraphs, the functional diagram, and the algorithm of operation of the microelectronic relay block are given.
Bukhara from the history of the events of the organization of the air fleet of modern new technology and the introduction of aircraft
Authors: Elova Dilnoza , Ahmadov Olimjon
Published: April 2024

In 1920-1924, the activities carried out in Bukhara regarding the establishment of the air fleet and the establishment of airplane traffic were covered through the analysis of primary sources and literature. The discovery of airplanes as a means of transport and the beginning of their use is related to the history of countries in Europe such as France and Germany. In 1924, a total of 1,000 passengers, 200 kg of mail, and 5 tons of cargo were transported by air in our country. The history of the establishment of the air fleet and the arrival of the first airplanes in Turkestan dates back to the first decade of the 20th century. On March 28-29, 1912, the pilot Sedov flew over Tashkent in his plane, and on March 29, 4 women and 3 men flew over Tashkent. The guests who visited Tashkent also flew in an airplane and watched the city view from above. The article serves to improve state programs aimed at creating a new generation of history textbooks and training manuals, writing fundamental works, organizing special courses, and implementing socio-economic and cultural innovations.
Institutional conditions of technological changes in large regional water transport clusters
Authors: Lykova Olesya , Siziakina Marina
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this research is to study the institutional conditions for changes in the technological structure of the water transport economy from the perspective of large transport clusters. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is the fundamental concepts of classical institutionalism, institutional-evolutionary economic theory, presented in classical and modern works of domestic and foreign scientists implementing institutional and evolutionary approaches to the analysis of technological and institutional dynamics in the economy. During the research process, categorical, comparative, structural-logical and system-functional methods of scientific analysis were used. Argumentation of conclusions and substantiation of theoretical positions are carried out based on the use of methods of analysis, synthesis, and deduction. The method of schematic representation of the relationships between the categories under study was also used. As a result, the following research results were obtained: changes in the technological structure of the industry determine the state and possible options for its further development; the formed technological base determines the advantages or disadvantages of the industry when positioning it in the international arena, however, the influence of the effect of previous development can neutralize changes in the technological paradigm, therefore, the stimulation of technological innovation is closely dependent on the state of the innovation and production systems.
Mechanisation in the production process of the technical station - ensuring the safety of train traffic
Authors: Klyukanov A.V. , Patsev Y.P.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the replacement of brake pads at railway infrastructure car maintenance facilities. This article studies the problem of replacing friction pads in passenger cars, when the checks jam under the influence of external dynamic and temperature factors during operation. According to the standard technology the replacement of the defective pad is carried out with the use of manual devices, which does not meet modern requirements. A new screw puller for replacing the brake pads of wagons is proposed. The screw pair is calculated and its rational parameters are specified.
Das Schlafverhalten von Jugendlichen in unterschiedlichen ländlichen Wohnumgebungen
Authors: Ordnung Madeleine , Genuneit Jon
Published: April 2024

Im Jugendalter steigt die Prävalenz von Schlafschwierigkeiten an. Verschiedene Faktoren der Wohnumgebung können den Schlaf beeinflussen. Bisher ist jedoch unklar, ob sich der Schlaf von Jugendlichen unterschiedlicher ländlicher Wohnumgebungen unterscheidet.

Untersucht wurden daher die Schlafdauer und -qualität im Frühling (n = 926) und Herbst 2016 (n = 867) von Jugendlichen unterschiedlicher ländlicher Wohnumgebungen (Farm, Exposed, Non-Farm). Unterschiede von Schlaf für Wohnumgebung und Geschlecht wurden mittels einfaktoriellen Varianzanalysen sowie multiplen Regressionen eruiert.

Signifikante Unterschiede wurden für die Schlafqualität bei weiblichen auf einem Bauernhof aufgewachsenen Jugendlichen verglichen mit weiblichen Jugendlichen ohne Kontakt zu Bauernhöfen im Frühling gefunden. Bei der Schlafqualität, aber nicht Schlafdauer, zeigte sich ein signifikanter Geschlechtsunterschied in allen Wohnumgebungen, welcher sich für Bauernhof-Jugendliche adjustiert verminderte.

Es wurden keine eindeutigen Unterschiede im Schlaf Jugendlicher unterschiedlicher ländlicher Wohnumgebungen gefunden. Zukünftige bestenfalls longitudinale Studien sollten insbesondere saisonale Unterschiede sowie weitere potenzielle Störvariablen untersuchen.
Was ich als Kinderarzt zu schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen wissen muss
Authors: Seebauer Ludwig , Kerzel Sebastian
Published: April 2024

Schlafbezogene Atemstörungen gehören zu den häufigen Krankheitsbildern im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Der größte Vertreter dieser Gruppe ist das kindliche obstruktive Schlafapnoesyndrom (OSAS), bei dem es zu einem Kollaps der oberen Atemwege mit konsekutiver Hypopnoe oder Apnoe kommt. Die Symptome können ein ADHS-ähnliches Bild aufweisen, weswegen vor Diagnosestellung unbedingt auch eine eventuell bestehende Schlafstörung exploriert werden sollte. Bei eindeutiger Anamnese und körperlichem Untersuchungsbefund können primär eine HNO-ärztliche Vorstellung und ggf. ein Therapieversuch (konservativ oder operativ) erfolgen. Für komplexere oder unklare Fälle bleibt die Untersuchung im Schlaflabor der Goldstandard. Bei der Auswertung der Ereignisse wird zwischen Hypopnoe, obstruktiver Apnoe und zentraler Apnoe unterschieden. Aufgrund der zeit- und personalaufwändigen Untersuchung, ist es richtig, die Indikation zur Schlaflaboruntersuchung präzise zu stellen, jedoch liefert oftmals nur die Polysomnografie die Informationen, um die Fragestellung umfänglich zu beantworten oder ggf. eine Beatmungseinstellung vornehmen zu können.
Servitization: Mehrwerte durch Dienstleistungsqualität und Logistik im Krankenhaus
Authors: Kriegel Johannes
Published: April 2024

In der Krankenhausversorgung stehen Ressourceneinsatz und Versorgungsqualität zunehmend auf dem Prüfstand. Zur Bewältigung aktueller und zukünftiger Herausforderungen in der stationären Patientenversorgung gilt es, Akteure, Abteilungen und Aktivitäten übergreifend sowie bedarfsorientiert auszurichten und aufeinander abzustimmen.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Occupational Voice Disorders in Nepalese Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pokharel Apar , Basnet Puspa , Sharma Bibek , Upadhyay Hari Prasad
Published: April 2024

Introduction Teachers are a high-risk group for the development of vocal dysfunction, as they use voice extensively in their profession.

Objective To know the prevalence and risk factors associated with voice strain in teachers.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolteachers in Chitwan, Nepal. The Voice Handicap Index questionnaire was used as a survey tool.

Result A total of 315 teachers were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the participants was of 36.7 years. Teachers from public schools, primary grade classes, > 50 pupils in the classroom, > 24 hours of classes per week, dust in class, and recurrent tonsil problems were associated with various degrees of vocal handicap.

Conclusion There is a high prevalence of voice disorder among teachers. A holistic approach, which includes teacher education regarding voice care during their work and management of their voice handicap by taking into consideration different risk factors, must be adopted.
A Clinicopathological Study of Aural Polyps: A Retrospective Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Prasad Kothegala Chandrashekaraiah , Indu Varsha Gopinath , Mohammadi Kouser , Gupta Arjun , Jose Diana Ann
Published: April 2024

Introduction Aural polyps are a misnomer. Any lesion can present as a mass in the external auditory canal. Aural polyps are proliferation of the granulation tissue due to long standing inflammatory process with associated otalgia and otorrhea.

Objectives To document the clinicoradiological presentations, intraoperative findings, and histopathological diagnosis of aural polyp, correlating them.

Methods In our study 81 patients underwent treatment for aural polyps in the department of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) from April 1997 to April 2022. Results were tabulated, a simple descriptive analysis was done using the Statistical Package Social Sciences software, and the results obtained were represented as percentages and presented in tables.

Results The majority (38) of the patients presenting with aural polyps were diagnosed with mucosal and squamous type of CSOM, and 22 with simple granulation polyps. There were also 5 patients with malignant otitis externa, 3 patients had glomus tumors, 2 patients with retained foreign bodies, and 3 patients with brain herniation. We also identified aberrant internal carotid artery, high jugular bulb, one patient had facial nerve neuroma, one patient had polyp from the tragus diagnosed with tuberculosis, one patient with keratosis obturans, and one with exostosis.

Conclusion A thorough detailed examination and mastoid exploration with radiological and histopathological evaluation is mandatory for better defining the definitive treatment. Utmost care and meticulousness are advised for the surgeons while dealing with aural polyps to avoid any complications.
Rehabilitation Surgery for Peripheral Facial Nerve Injury after Facial Trauma
Authors: Lam An Quang , Tran Thuy Phan Chung , Tran Duong Van , Tran Hiep Xuan , Fox Albert J. , Tran Luan Viet
Published: April 2024

Introduction Facial trauma can cause damage to the facial nerve, which can have negative effects on function, aesthetics, and quality of life if left untreated.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of peripheral facial nerve direct end-to-end anastomosis and/or nerve grafting surgery for patients with facial nerve injury after facial trauma.

Methods Fifty-nine patients with peripheral facial nerve paralysis after facial injuries underwent facial nerve rehabilitation surgery from November 2017 to December 2021 at Ho Chi Minh City National Hospital of Odontology.

Results All 59 cases of facial trauma with damage to the peripheral facial nerve underwent facial nerve reconstruction surgery within 8 weeks of the injury. Of these cases, 25/59 (42.3%) had end-to-end anastomosis, 22/59 (37.3%) had nerve grafting, and 12/59 (20.4%) had a combination of nerve grafting and end-to-end anastomosis. After surgery, the rates of moderate and good recovery were 78.4% and 11.8%, respectively. All facial paralysis measurements showed statistically significant improvement after surgery, including the Facial Nerve Grading Scale 2.0 (FNGS 2.0) score, the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale, and electroneurography. The rate of synkinesis after surgery was 34%. Patient follow-up postoperatively ranged from 6 to > 36 months; 51 out of 59 patients (86.4%) were followed-up for at least 12 months or longer.

Conclusion Nerve rehabilitation surgery including direct end-to-end anastomosis and nerve grafting is effective in cases of peripheral facial nerve injury following facial trauma. The surgery helps restore nerve conduction and improve facial paralysis.