bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ) em adultos: revisão sistemática.
Authors: Ribeiro Anaira Gonçalves de Almeida , Ribeiro Maria Cristina , Benito Linconl Agudo Oliveira
Published: February 2018

Tratou-se de uma revisão sistemática (RS) que analisou a questão da Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ), em pessoas adultas. Foram implementados levantamentos bibliográficos eletrônicos nas bases de dados BVS®, LILACS®, MEDLINE®, SCIELO® e o PUBMED®. Foram eleitos onze (11) artigos publicados no recorte histórico de 2007 a 2015, nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês, sendo a maioria constituída de estudos de caso. Os pacientes descritos nos artigos, a média de idade de 39,42 sendo que o mais jovem possuía 22 anos e a mais idosa 61 anos, 53,85% (n=07) eram do sexo feminino, 53,85% (n=07) desenvolveram SSJ e 46,15% (n=06) evoluíram para Necrólise Epidérmica Tóxica (NET), 15,40% (n=02) possuía epilepsia ou AIDS, 23,10% (n=03) consumiu antibióticos, 92,30% (n=12) não veio a óbito. O estudo demonstrou a complexidade e a potencialidade da SSJ, sendo que quase a metade das pessoas evoluíram para a NET. Nesse sentido, é de fundamental importância uma maior conscientização da sociedade no sentido de mitigação da SSJ.
Aplicabilidade do método fono-visuo-articulatório em paciente pós-AVC: estudo de caso
Authors: Pereira Mara Adriana , Da Costa-Ferreira Maria Inês Dornelles , Cardoso Maria Cristina De Almeida Freitas
Published: February 2018

O impacto de uma deficiência causado por uma lesão cerebral proveniente de um quadro de pós-acidente vascular cerebral (pós-AVC) ou de outros acometimentos neurogênicos, engloba as dificuldades na comunicação e consequentemente na sua interação social. Este relato de caso clínico tem como objetivo, explorar os resultados clínicos de um sujeito acometido por sequelas pós-AVC e com diagnóstico de Afasia e Apraxia Verbal, a partir de uma proposta de terapia fonoaudiológica baseada em um método multimodal. Com a utilização da técnica multissensorial, fono-vísuo-articulatória, denominado como “Método das Boquinhas”, o sujeito deste estudo alcançou a produção oral e escrita de vocábulos simples e cotidianos, generalizando a utilização dos fonemas e grafemas apresentados e, diminuindo o uso de estereotipia. Considerando que o seu quadro clínico tem prognóstico de difícil reabilitação, podemos inferir, que o sujeito apresentou resultados satisfatórios em sua reabilitação, como também mantém confiante na continuidade da manutenção da fonoterapia.
Guerrilla Networks
Authors: Goddard Michael
Published: February 2018

The radical youth movements of the 1960s and '70s gave rise to both militant political groups ranging from urban guerrilla groups to autonomist counterculture, as well as radical media, including radio, music, film, video, and television. This book is concerned with both of those tendencies considered as bifurcations of radical media ecologies in the 1970s. While some of the forms of media creativity and invention mapped here, such as militant film and video, pirate radio and guerrilla television, fit within conventional definitions of media, others, such as urban guerrilla groups and autonomous movements, do not. Nevertheless what was at stake in all these ventures was the use of available means of expression in order to produce transformative effects, and they were all in different ways responding to ideas and practices of guerrilla struggle and specifically of guerrilla media. This book examines these radical media ecologies as guerrilla networks, emphasising the proximity and inseparability of radical media and political practices.
Lyric Address in Dutch Literature, 1250-1800
Authors: Haven Cornelis , Pieters Jürgen , Daróczi Anikó , Meijer Maaike , Poel Dieuwke , Korsten Frans-Willem , Strijbosch Clara , Paijmans Marrigje , Dijk Marijn , Grootes Britt , Madelein Christophe , Pieters Jürgen , Haven Cornelis
Published: February 2018

Lyric Address in Dutch Literature, 1250-1800 provides accessible and comprehensive readings of ten Dutch lyrical poems, discussing each poem's historical context, revealing its political or ideological framing, religious elements, or the self-representational interests of the poet. The book focuses on how the use of the speaker's "I" creates distance or proximity to the social context of the time. Close, detailed analysis of rhetorical techniques, such as the use of the apostrophe, illuminates the ways in which poetry reveals tensions in society.
Identification of a novel 24 bp insertion–deletion (indel) of the androgen receptor gene and its association with growth traits in four indigenous cattle breeds
Authors: Zhao Haidong , Wu Mingli , Wang Shuhui , Yu Xiaohui , Li Ze , Dang Ruihua , Sun Xiuzhu
Published: February 2018

Abstract. During the past decades, insertions and deletions (indels) have become
increasingly popular in animal breeding for understanding the relationship
between genotypes and phenotypes. The androgen receptor (AR) plays the
vital role of a bridge on the function of the androgen and has sexual size
dimorphism. For this reason, the objective of this study was to explore the
novel indel variants within the cattle AR gene and to detect their
effects on growth traits in four breeds of Chinese yellow cattle. Herein, we
first confirmed a novel 24 bp indel (AC_000187.1g.4187270-4187293delAATTTATTGGGAGATTATTGAATT) within the intron of
the cattle AR gene. This is consistent with the results predicted
from the NCBI SNP database. The distribution of the indel genotypes of four
Chinese yellow cattle were significantly different from each other
(P < 0.01). After significant correlation analysis, many remarkable
phenotypic differences among the three genotypes were found (P < 0.05).
In conclusion, a novel 24 bp indel within the AR gene
significantly affected growth traits, suggesting that this indel may be a
useful DNA marker for the elimination or selection of excellent individuals for
cattle breeding.
Assessing the ability to derive rates of polar middle-atmospheric descent using trace gas measurements from remote sensors
Authors: Ryan Niall J. , Kinnison Douglas E. , Garcia Rolando R. , Hoffmann Christoph G. , Palm Mathias , Raffalski Uwe , Notholt Justus
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We investigate the reliability of using trace gas
measurements from remote sensing instruments to infer polar atmospheric
descent rates during winter within 46–86 km altitude. Using output from
the Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM)
between 2008 and 2014, tendencies of carbon monoxide (CO) volume mixing
ratios (VMRs) are used to assess a common assumption of dominant vertical
advection of tracers during polar winter. The results show that dynamical
processes other than vertical advection are not negligible, meaning that the
transport rates derived from trace gas measurements do not represent the
mean descent of the atmosphere. The relative importance of vertical
advection is lessened, and exceeded by other processes, during periods
directly before and after a sudden stratospheric warming, mainly due to an
increase in eddy transport. It was also found that CO chemistry cannot be
ignored in the mesosphere due to the night-time layer of OH at approximately
80 km altitude. CO VMR profiles from the Kiruna Microwave Radiometer and the
Microwave Limb Sounder were compared to SD-WACCM output, and show good
agreement on daily and seasonal timescales. SD-WACCM CO profiles are
combined with the CO tendencies to estimate errors involved in calculating
the mean descent of the atmosphere from remote sensing measurements. The
results indicate errors on the same scale as the calculated descent rates,
and that the method is prone to a misinterpretation of the direction of air
motion. The “true” rate of atmospheric descent is seen to be masked by
processes, other than vertical advection, that affect CO. We suggest an
alternative definition of the rate calculated using remote sensing
measurements: not as the mean descent of the atmosphere, but as an effective
rate of vertical transport for the trace gas under observation.
Aerosol characteristics in the entrainment interface layer in relation to the marine boundary layer and free troposphere
Authors: Dadashazar Hossein , Braun Rachel A. , Crosbie Ewan , Chuang Patrick Y. , Woods Roy K. , Jonsson Haflidi H. , Sorooshian Armin
Published: February 2018

Abstract. This study uses airborne data from two field campaigns off the California
coast to characterize aerosol size distribution characteristics in the
entrainment interface layer (EIL), a thin and turbulent layer above marine
stratocumulus cloud tops, which separates the stratocumulus-topped boundary
layer (STBL) from the free troposphere (FT). The vertical bounds of the EIL
are defined in this work based on considerations of buoyancy and turbulence
using thermodynamic and dynamic data. Aerosol number concentrations are
examined from three different probes with varying particle diameter
(Dp) ranges: > 3 nm, > 10 nm, and
0.11–3.4 µm. Relative to the EIL and FT layers, the sub-cloud
(SUB) layer exhibited lower aerosol number concentrations and higher surface
area concentrations. High particle number concentrations between 3 and 10 nm
in the EIL are indicative of enhanced nucleation, assisted by high actinic
fluxes, cool and moist air, and much lower surface area concentrations than
the STBL. Slopes of number concentration versus altitude in the EIL were
correlated with the particle number concentration difference between the SUB
and lower FT layers. The EIL aerosol size distribution was influenced by
varying degrees from STBL aerosol versus subsiding FT aerosol depending on
the case examined. These results emphasize the important role of the EIL in
influencing nucleation and aerosol–cloud–climate interactions.
Modelling the physical multiphase interactions of HNO3 between snow and air on the Antarctic Plateau (Dome C) and coast (Halley)
Authors: Chan Hoi Ga , Frey Markus M. , King Martin D.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx  =  NO + NO2) from the photolysis of nitrate (NO3−) in snow affect the oxidising capacity of the lower troposphere especially in remote regions of high latitudes with little pollution. Current air–snow exchange models are limited by poor understanding of processes and often require unphysical tuning parameters. Here, two multiphase models were developed from physically based parameterisations to describe the interaction of nitrate between the surface layer of the snowpack and the overlying atmosphere. The first model is similar to previous approaches and assumes that below a threshold temperature, To, the air–snow grain interface is pure ice and above To a disordered interface (DI) emerges covering the entire grain surface. The second model assumes that air–ice interactions dominate over all temperatures below melting of ice and that any liquid present above the eutectic temperature is concentrated in micropockets. The models are used to predict the nitrate in surface snow constrained by year-round observations of mixing ratios of nitric acid in air at a cold site on the Antarctic Plateau (Dome C; 75°06′ S, 123°33′ E; 3233 m a.s.l.) and at a relatively warm site on the Antarctic coast (Halley; 75°35′ S, 26°39′ E; 35 m a.s.l). The first model agrees reasonably well with observations at Dome C (Cv(RMSE)  =  1.34) but performs poorly at Halley (Cv(RMSE)  =  89.28) while the second model reproduces with good agreement observations at both sites (Cv(RMSE)  =  0.84 at both sites). It is therefore suggested that in winter air–snow interactions of nitrate are determined by non-equilibrium surface adsorption and co-condensation on ice coupled with solid-state diffusion inside the grain, similar to Bock et al. (2016). In summer, however, the air–snow exchange of nitrate is mainly driven by solvation into liquid micropockets following Henry's law with contributions to total surface snow NO3− concentrations of 75 and 80 % at Dome C and Halley, respectively. It is also found that the liquid volume of the snow grain and air–micropocket partitioning of HNO3 are sensitive to both the total solute concentration of mineral ions within the snow and pH of the snow. The second model provides an alternative method to predict nitrate concentration in the surface snow layer which is applicable over the entire range of environmental conditions typical for Antarctica and forms a basis for a future full 1-D snowpack model as well as parameterisations in regional or global atmospheric chemistry models.
Technical note: Comparison and interconversion of pH based on different standard states for aerosol acidity characterization
Authors: Jia Shiguo , Wang Xuemei , Zhang Qi , Sarkar Sayantan , Wu Luolin , Huang Minjuan , Zhang Jinpu , Yang Liming
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Aerosol pH is often calculated based on different standard states thus making it inappropriate to compare aerosol acidity parameters derived thereby. Such comparisons are however routinely performed in the atmospheric science community. This study attempts to address this issue for the first time by providing a theoretical framework to compare and convert between aerosol pH values calculated based on molarity, molality and mole fractions. Using hourly ionic species measurements in Guangzhou, China, it is observed that pHx (mole fraction based) is always 1.74 pH unit higher than pHm (molality based) and follow the same trend, regardless of aerosol property. The difference between pHx and pHc (molarity based), on the other hand, ranges from 1.74 to 1.89 depending on the density of hygroscopic aerosol. It is observed that application of this pH standardization protocol can significantly influence conclusions on aerosol acidity reported by past studies and is thus highly recommended.
Statistical survey of day-side magnetospheric current flow using
Cluster observations: Bow shock
Authors: Liebert Evelyn , Nabert Christian , Glassmeier Karl-Heinz
Published: February 2018

Abstract. We present the first comprehensive statistical survey of the day-side terrestrial bow shock current system based on a large number of Cluster spacecraft bow shock crossings. Calculating the 3-D current densities using Fluxgate Magnetometer data and the Curlometer technique enables the investigation of current locations, directions and magnitudes in dependence on arbitrary IMF orientation. In case of quasi-perpendicular shock geometries we find that the current properties are in good accordance to theory and existing simulation results. However, currents at quasi-parallel shock geometries next to the foreshock region underlie distinct variations regarding their directions.
Variations and determinants of carbon content in plants: a global synthesis
Authors: Ma Suhui , He Feng , Tian Di , Zou Dongting , Yan Zhengbing , Yang Yulong , Zhou Tiancheng , Huang Kaiyue , Shen Haihua , Fang Jingyun
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Plant carbon (C) content is one of the most important plant traits and is critical to the assessment of global C cycle and ecological stoichiometry; however, the global variations in plant C content remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a global analysis of the plant C content by synthesizing data from 4318 species to document specific values and their variation of the C content across plant organs and life forms. Plant organ C contents ranged from 45.0 % in reproductive organs to 47.9 % in stems at global scales, which were significantly lower than the widely employed canonical value of 50 %. Plant C content in leaves (global mean of 46.9 %) was higher than that in roots (45.6 %). Across life forms, woody plants exhibited higher C content than herbaceous plants. Conifers, relative to broad-leaved woody species, had higher C content in roots, leaves, and stems. Plant C content tended to show a decrease with increasing latitude. The life form explained more variation of the C content than climate. Our findings suggest that specific C content values of different organs and life forms developed in our study should be incorporated into the estimations of regional and global vegetation biomass C stocks.
A Bayesian Ensemble Data Assimilation to Constrain Model
Parameters and Land Use Carbon Emissions
Authors: Lienert Sebastian , Joos Fortunat
Published: February 2018

Abstract. A dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) is applied in a probabilistic framework and benchmarking system to constrain uncertain model parameters by observations and to quantify carbon emissions from land-use and land-cover change (LULCC). Processes featured in DGVMs include parameters which are prone to substantial uncertainty. To cope with these uncertainties Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) is used to create a 1000-member perturbed parameter ensemble, which is then evaluated with a diverse set of global and spatio-temporaly resolved observational constraints. We discuss the performance of the constrained ensemble and use it to formulate a new best-guess version of the model (LPX-Bern v1.4). The observationally constrained ensemble is used to investigate historical emissions due to LULCC (ELUC) and their sensitivity to model parametrization. We find a global ELUC estimate of 158 (108, 211) PgC (median and 90 % confidence interval) between 1800 and 2016. We compare ELUC to other estimates both globally and regionally. Spatial patterns are investigated and estimates of ELUC of the ten countries with the largest contribution to the flux over the historical period are reported. We consider model versions with and without additional land-use processes (shifting cultivation and wood harvest) and find that the difference in global ELUC is on the same order of magnitude as parameter induced uncertainty and in some cases could potentially even be offset with appropriate parameter choice.
A regional-scale ecological risk framework for environmental flow evaluations
Authors: O'Brien Gordon C. , Dickens Chris , Hines Eleanor , Wepener Victor , Stassen Retha , Quayle Leo , Fouchy Kelly , MacKenzie James , Graham P. Mark , Landis Wayne G.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Environmental flow (E-flow) frameworks advocate holistic, regional-scale,
probabilistic E-flow assessments that consider flow and non-flow drivers of
change in a socio-ecological context as best practice. Regional-scale
ecological risk assessments of multiple stressors to social and ecological
endpoints, which address ecosystem dynamism, have been undertaken
internationally at different spatial scales using the relative-risk model
since the mid-1990s. With the recent incorporation of Bayesian belief
networks into the relative-risk model, a robust regional-scale ecological
risk assessment approach is available that can contribute to achieving the
best practice recommendations of E-flow frameworks. PROBFLO is a holistic
E-flow assessment method that incorporates the relative-risk model and
Bayesian belief networks (BN-RRM) into a transparent probabilistic modelling
tool that addresses uncertainty explicitly. PROBFLO has been developed to
evaluate the socio-ecological consequences of historical, current and future
water resource use scenarios and generate E-flow requirements on regional
spatial scales. The approach has been implemented in two regional-scale case
studies in Africa where its flexibility and functionality has been
demonstrated. In both case studies the evidence-based outcomes facilitated
informed environmental management decision making, with trade-off
considerations in the context of social and ecological aspirations. This
paper presents the PROBFLO approach as applied to the Senqu River catchment
in Lesotho and further developments and application in the Mara River
catchment in Kenya and Tanzania. The 10 BN-RRM procedural steps incorporated
in PROBFLO are demonstrated with examples from both case studies. PROBFLO can
contribute to the adaptive management of water resources and contribute to
the allocation of resources for sustainable use of resources and address
protection requirements.
Role of discrete recharge from the supraglacial drainage system for
modelling of subglacial conduits pattern of Svalbard polythermal
glaciers
Authors: Decaux Léo , Grabiec Mariusz , Ignatiuk Dariusz , Jania Jacek
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Being a determinant factor of the glacier’s dynamic, subglacial water behavior needs a special attention.Water flowing from the glacier’s surface is the principal source supplying the subglacial drainage system. Therefore, insight into the state and evolution of the supraglacial drainage system is crucial for recognition of recharge pattern of the englacial and subglacial drainage pathways. Climate warming causes increased ablation generating higher amount of meltwater and thinning of glacier. Decadal timescale evolution of the supraglacial drainage leads to some modifications of the system in opposition to its nearly stable state on an annual timescale. For two studied glaciers Hansbreen and Werenskioldbreen in southern Svalbard surface meltwater is the main runoff component. During the ablation season 2015, 72.5 % of the total amount was provided by meltwater and 27.5 % by precipitations. Supraglacial catchments were determined on the high resolution digital elevation model using standard watershed modelling tool in ArcGIS, for each water-input area (WIA). Spatialized water runoff calculations for all the main WIAs have been done. Having data on the water sources from catchments delimited on glacier’s surface, modelling of a theoretical pattern of subglacial conduits was done considering discrete water recharge via moulins, shear fractures or crevasses. Classical modelling with an assumption of homogeneous water supply was done for comparison. Several water pressure conditions have been taken into account as well. Results show that models of subglacial drainage system with homogeneous water recharge are more realistic for tidewater glaciers with rather broad permeable firn areas and creased frontal zones, while discrete water recharge models are better for land-terminating glaciers with almost continuous impermeable superficial cold ice layer. Subglacial channel models are assumed to be valid for a minimum period of two decades taking into account evolution of supraglacial drainage system and ice thickness changes of Svalbard polythermal glaciers.
La transmisión de empresas en crisis a sus trabajadores mediante fórmulas de economía social. Reestructuraciones socialmente responsables antes de la declaración del concurso de acreedores
Authors: Vargas Vasserot Carlos
Published: February 2018

Las cooperativas de trabajo asociado y las sociedades laborales, como empresas de economía social, parecen prima facie fórmulas especialmente aptas para la continuación por los trabajadores de empresa en crisis. El presente trabajo expone las barreras, esencialmente jurídicas, que existen para la transmisión de empresas en crisis “preconcursales” a sus propios trabajadores. Tras un análisis de las soluciones que ofrecen en estos supuestos algunos ordenamientos de nuestro entorno, se destaca la falta de incentivos que existen en el nuestro para facilitar este tipo de reestructuraciones socialmente sostenibles, realizando algunas propuestas de lege ferenda. Por último, se analizan, con cierto detalle, las dos principales fórmulas de transmisión de empresas a los trabajadores en estos supuestos: transmitir a la sociedad cooperativa o a la sociedad laboral constituida por los trabajadores la empresa o una unidad productiva por parte del anterior titular; o transmitir la propia sociedad mercantil que explota la empresa a sus empleados a través de una venta de las acciones o participaciones sociales, que puede después transformase en una empresa de economía social.
Total phosphorus, phytate phosphorus contents and the correlation of phytates with amylose in selected edible beans in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sivakumaran Keerthana , Wansapala Jagath , Herath Theja
Published: February 2018

Phytate a major anti nutritional factors in legumes and it accounts for larger portion of the total phosphorus, while limiting the bioavailablity of certain divalent cations to the human body. Legumes of eleven varieties cultivated in Sri Lanka, Mung bean (MI5, MI6), Cowpea (Waruni, MICP1, Bombay, Dhawala, ANKCP1), Soybean (MISB1, Pb1) and Horse gram (ANKBlack, ANKBrown) were analyzed for phosphorus content and phytate content. Total phosphorus content was quantified by dry ashing followed by spectrophotometrical measurement of the blue colour intensity of acid soluble phosphate with sodium molybdate in the presence of ascorbic acid while phytate phosphorus using anion exchange chromatographic technique followed by spectrometrical measurement of the digested organic phosphorus and amylose content by Simple Iodine-Colourimetric method. Where the least value for phosphorus was observed 275.04 ±1.44 mg.100g-1 in ANKBlack (Horse gram) and the highest in MISB1 (Soyabean) with 654.94 ±0.05 mg.100g-1. The phytate phosphorus content (which is a ratio of phyate to total phosphorus) was highest in Dhawala (Cowpea). The phytate phosphorus (which is a ratio of phyate to total phosphorus) was highest in Dhawala with 67.42% and least in Bombay (Cowpea) with 24.87%. The amylose content of the legumes was least in Pb1 with 8.71 ±0.13 mg.100mg-1 and the highest in MI6 22.58 ±0.71 mg.100mg-1. The correlation between phyate and total phosphorus was significant (p <0.05) and positive (r = 0.62). Similarly the correlation coefficient for phytate phosphorus and total phosphorus was significant (p <0.05) and positive (r = 0.63). Amylose content of legumes was significantly correlated negatively (p <0.05) with the total phytates content (r = -0.82).
Heating and dehydration of grain and cereals at a combined energy supply
Authors: Zverev Sergey , Sesikashvili Otari
Published: February 2018

The paper dwells on the development of experimental dependencies of heating and dehydration of grain and cereals when varying the irradiance, ambient temperature in the heat treatment zone and the initial moisture content of product, and the development of the mathematical models for heating and dehydration of some grains and cereals. The grain was heated on the laboratory equipment with quartz halogen linear infrared emitters. The irradiance on the working surface in the treatment zone was determined by calculation using a specially developed program. The ambient temperature was determined by a thermocouple thermometer placed in a ceramic tube. The grain temperature was estimated as average by weight by a thermocouple thermometer after its transfer into a thermally insulated container. The following dependencies have been obtained: 1 - Temperature dependence of the heating time for different heating modes and initial moisture content. 2 - Dependence of moisture content on the heating time under different conditions and initial moisture content. 3 - Dependence of moisture content on a temperature under different conditions and constant initial humidity. The models of the heat-moisture exchange and dehydration processes have been created, and the model parameters K0 and KT of the temperature dependence of some grains have been identified, as well as their dependence on moisture content and treatment modes has been evaluated. It has been established that this model describes adequately the process of dehydration to an extent limited by the upper temperature value of grain not much more than 100 ºÐ¡. Within not limited to the upper temperature value of grain not much more than 100 ºÐ¡. From the presented graphs and earlier obtained results for barley and millet, it can be assumed that the model describes adequately experimental data on the small-sized (3 - 5 mm) objects.
Intervention effects in the relative clauses of agrammatics: The role of gender and case
Authors: Terzi Arhonto , Nanousi Vicky
Published: February 2018

Individuals with agrammatic aphasia are known to have difficulties interpreting Object Relative Clauses (ORCs), but not Subject Relative Clauses (SRCs). This asymmetry is recently understood by resorting to locality principles, captured by a featural version of Relativized Minimality (RM). The same principles are held responsible for intervention effects of phi-features with the same value in child language, when these are syntactically active. There are no studies on the intervention effects of phi-features in agrammatism.  This work investigates comprehension of headed Relative Clauses (RCs) by Greek-speaking non-fluent Broca’s aphasics (agrammatics), focusing on gender and structural case, which the language marks on both the determiner and the noun. Two RC tasks were administered, differing on whether the case of the first (relativized) DP was nominative or accusative, depending on the preceding instruction. The findings established the expected SRC vs. ORC asymmetry, shedding light to earlier misleading results due to side effects of case morphology. Moreover, a strong similarity effect of gender was found in ORCs, although it is not a syntactically active feature in the relevant sense in Greek. We claim that the similarity effects of gender in the ORCs of Greek-speaking agrammatics are not intervention effects anchored to some specific principle of syntactic locality. Support for this claim is also provided by their presence even in the SRCs of the same individuals.  As for structural case, neither intervention nor general similarity effects of it were detected. There were, however, additional difficulties for SRCs whose relativized subject had accusative, not patterned by ORCs with nominative relativized objects. We suggest that one has to ensure that relativized subjects end up with nominative case in the RCs tasks of languages with rich case morphology, and conjecture that phi-features are not involved in the computation of locality in agrammatism.
En el XXV aniversario de Monseñor Romero. Seriedad ante la realidad. Esperanza contra el desencanto
Authors: Editor El
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 103, 2005: 1-9
Una definición operativa del desarrollo local para El Salvador
Authors: Salcedo Diego
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 103, 2005: 51-77
El último mosquetero
Authors: Réserve Roody
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 104, 2005: 339-349
Naturalismo y filosofía: las visiones científicas de la realidad
Authors: Feussier Binder Herman
Published: February 2018

In this essay, the author gives a panoramic and critical approach on Naturalism, reviewing some key points, i.e, the evolutionist epistemologies and the critique to the ultimate foundation of knowledge. Among the contributions of this work, there is the propasal to retake the dialogue between Philosophy and Science.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 105, 2005: 435-459
Factors influencing the stay-exit intention of small livestock farmers: empirical evidence from southern Chile
Authors: Carter-Leal Luis M. , Oude-Lansink Alfons , Saatkamp Helmut
Published: February 2018

This study analyses the factors driving the stay-exit intention of small livestock farmers located in southern Chile. Technical, economic, and social characteristics from 212 farmers were included in this study. Through an empirical probit model we identified the variables that should be considered when developing rural policies aimed at increasing the likelihood to stay in farming. The results showed that 12 out of the 30 parameters were significant (p<0.10), with an extremely good fit of the model (McFadden pseudo-R2 = 0.25, Count R2 = 75.9%). Particularly, ‘female farmer’, ‘positive expectation about future farming life’, ‘capacity of farm income to cover the expenses of the whole family’, ‘mixed production’, ‘participation in an association’, and ‘distance to the nearest city’ were positively associated with the stay intention. Moreover, our study also indicates that ‘existence of a defined retirement age’, ‘existence of a defined sale price for the farm’, ‘a mixed farm focused on livestock production’, ‘the possibility to make own decisions’, ‘age squared’, and the ‘number of people living at the farm’ were negatively associated with the stay intention. Our empirical findings suggest that farmer characteristics (gender, family size), the farming system (multi-activity production, efficiency), and social aspects of the rural society (associations, protection of agricultural products) are also important aspects that should be considered by rural development policies aimed at improving the likelihood of staying, in addition to the technical characteristics of the farming which have been traditionally addressed in developing countries.
Differences of the Fertility Potential between Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and Cattle (Bos indicus): The Role of Antimullerian Hormone (AMH)
Authors: Berdugo-Gutiérrez Jesus A. , Echeverri Jose Julían , Tarazona Ariel Marcel , Herrera Albeiro López-
Published: February 2018

For years the study of the differences in reproduction between bovines have been restricted to describe the consequences not the causes, it is very easy to find differences in parameters such as embryo/oocyte morphology, metabolism, cleavage rate, but it is quite difficult to find papers trying to explain the reason of this differences and it is not possible to identify their influence in the reproductive parameters and answer to reproductive biotechnologies. The idea that the quantity of follicles and oocytes in ovaries impacts on fertility is a long-held tenet in reproductive biology (46), Follicle formation occurs during fetal life in ruminants and primates. The establishment of the pool of primordial follicles is critical to a female’s reproductive success, but very little is known about how this important developmental process is regulated. It has been reported is has been reported in buffaloes the effect of season in the gene expression of oocytes and follicles (47) .However, until now very few studies has been attempted to evaluate this fundamental hypothesis, it is possible to think that animals with low follicle count such buffaloes has lower fertility than cattle but this must be demonstrated. The aim of this review is to present evidence related to the differences in reproductive potential in two closely related bovines: buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus), with special emphasis in the role of antimullerian hormone (AMH) and discuss their possible role in the application of reproductive biotechnologies.
Mesopotamian Buffaloes: Endangered Genetic Resource, Review
Authors: Alsaedy Jabbar Khliaf Mukssar , Fartosi Khalid Al
Published: February 2018

The water buffalo of Iraq are river type (Bubalus bubalis), some scholars think they are most closely related to the water buffalo of India, but white patches which is rather common on the foreheads indicate some influence of Nile breed, this latter influence of course could be quite recent (ALhamadany, 2015), while recent molecular studies referred indicated that Mesopotamian buffaloes were from River type and large animal as well well very large variation between animals and buffalo populations due to absent of genetic improvement (Jaayid and Hamd). There were many historical and archeological studies that had different debate about Mesopotamian buffalo origin still need more molecular genetic studies [1].
Buffalo breeders (Maadan), in Iraq represents living descendants of the ancient Sumerians, divided to Nomads and Villagers [2]. These ancient genetic recourses in Iraq, go through many drastic impacts during three decades, environmental, economical and wars, lead to decline of population and breeders displacement [3], that need conservation plans to be adopted and protect this ancient animal, which achieved by Ministry of Agriculture. Baghdad, involved Artificial Insemination project, sponsored by FAO and supported breeders by loans.
“Turma Alfa”: a dilemática fronteira entre práticas educativas inclusivas e práticas educativas exclusivas
Authors: Martins de Sá Virgínio , Veloso Esmeraldina
Published: February 2018

Abstract: This paper stems from an ongoing investigation on the theme "Educating places: practices, voices and pathways of inclusive education”. This project seeks to answer, among others, the following questions: i) which processes and factors, subjects, action rationales and (institutional, local, community) partnerships contribute to building local inclusive education practices, in the views of actors involved?; ii) which (social, institutional, biographical) processes and factors stop the negative spiral of school underachievement, school dropout and early school leaving and favour the youngsters’ remobilization to learn and build successful academic pathways?The study design consists of a multiple-case study of eleven observation units in four Portuguese counties, in the context of two national Programs targeting to overcome school underachievement and early school leaving. For this paper, we selected the data collected in one of the case studies - an Education Priority Zone (ZEP) in the north of Portugal. We analysed several documents and records (Educational project, self-evaluation report, ZEP report, among others). Complementary, an unstructured interview was carried out with the ZEP coordinator. Taking into account a specific inclusive education practice adopted in the ZEP (“Alpha Class”), we discuss its inclusive promised achievements, but considering, at the same time, the potential risk of exclusion involved.
El Cambio Climático en la ESO. Una aproximación exploratoria en Extremadura.
Authors: Caballero Guisado Manuela , Baigorri Agoiz Artemio
Published: February 2018

Desde que en 1988 la Asamblea General de la ONU aprobase el Panel Intergubernamental sobre Cambio Climático (IPCC) han sido cinco los informes, el último publicado a finales de 2014, que alertan de las consecuencias que la elevación de la temperatura del planeta puede tener para los ecosistemas que mantienen la vida en la tierra, y por tanto para las sociedades humanas. El informe recomienda a los decisores políticos que tomen medidas que faciliten la capacidad de resiliencia y adaptación de los ciudadanos ante ese Cambio Climático (en adelante CC), que se define como inevitable. La educación es sin lugar a dudas una institución fundamental para la socialización en valores, actitudes y comportamientos pro-ambientales, pues serán las generaciones más jóvenes las que en mayor medida sufran y tengan que gestionar esos impactos.¿Está el sistema educativo preparado para ello? Aquí presentamos un avance de la situación de la Comunidad Autónoma Extremeña, un trabajo planteado como investigación exploratoria, centrada en los niveles de la ESO. La Metodología utilizada tiene un carácter eminentemente cualitativo e incluye: una selección de colegios públicos y privados que no pretende ser representativa, entrevista a jefes de estudios y responsables del proyecto Ecocentros de dichos colegios, y un análisis documental de las leyes educativas nacionales y extremeñas y de los proyectos pedagógicos de los colegios seleccionados. Con la cautela que exige una investigación de estas características, los primeros avances no son muy optimistas, no percibiéndose una política educativa concreta que tenga en cuenta esta cuestión.
Culturas de escola e excelência: entre a integração de todos e a distinção dos melhores
Authors: Lima Torres Leonor Maria
Published: February 2018

Sem perder de vista a multidimensionalidade inerente aos percursos escolares, este texto procura refletir sobre a importância dos fatores organizacionais na construção dos resultados académicos. O enfoque incide sobre as dimensões intra-escolares, designadamente os efeitos da cultura de escola (nas suas diferentes facetas) e dos processos de liderança sobre a socialização dos estudantes. Optando por uma linha de pesquisa reflexiva, procura-se compreender os processos de construção de habitus (no sentido de Bourdieu) e os sistemas de disposições (na ótica de Lahire) estruturadores da cultura organizacional de escola. Do ponto de vista metodológico recorre-se a dados recolhidos no âmbito de um estudo multicasos realizado em quatro escolas públicas do ensino secundário localizadas em diferentes regiões de Portugal. De entre o extenso corpus de informação compilada, mobilizam-se os dados provenientes da análise documental, dos inquéritos por questionário, das entrevistas individuais e dos focus group realizados aos alunos e das entrevistas realizadas a professores, gestores pedagógicos e Diretores. Os resultados apontam para as seguintes tendências gerais: i) relevância do efeito-escola no desenvolvimento de figurinos organizacionais, na definição de estilos e padrões de liderança e no modo como o programa de socialização institucional condiciona as representações dos alunos; ii) interiorização da cultura de escola, ao ponto de a maioria dos alunos atribuírem centralidade aos fatores organizacionais na construção da excelência académica; iii) centralidade da instituição escolar no desenvolvimento de disposições face à escola e aparente secundarização da influência da família nos processos de escolarização.
Educação sexual entre a escola e a família: afinidades difíceis de afinar
Authors: Resende José Manuel , Paz Beirante David , Gouveia Luís
Published: February 2018

A sexualidade juvenil ganha hoje o estatuto de problema público, que motiva a implementação em meio escolar da educação sexual por forma a que a (re)produção de condutas sexuais que recortem perigos para a saúde física e/ou emocional dos jovens possa ser evitada. A par de problema público, a educação sexual também é um problema político, pois se por um lado há um certo consenso social de que estes problemas merecem uma intervenção educativa organizada, por outro, despontam divergências quanto aos processos que esta envolve, a amplitude e profundidade dos seus efeitos e até os espaços sociais onde deve ocorrer.A escola pública e as famílias são instituições onde, ora se articulam, ora se litigam, valores, saberes e responsabilidades sobre a educação sexual. Com efeito, apesar das políticas educativas apontarem resolutamente para uma dinâmica de articulação entre estas instituições, algumas “desafinações” surgem em forma de dilema e controvérsia. Para tal confluem duas gramáticas: uma de feição pública, próxima das questões relativas a valores culturais e morais sobre a sexualidade, levando ao questionamento dos limites da intervenção socializadora da escola neste âmbito; outra de índole mais intimista, próxima do mundo familiar, que assenta em apegos pessoais e vínculos afetivos, e neste caso importa questionar aquilo que se entende como uma tirania do próximo.Através de entrevistas realizadas a pais e professores, procuramos responder a uma questão estruturante: que entidade tem autoridade, responsabilidade e arcabouço para levar a cabo a educação sexual dos jovens escolares: escola, família ou ambas?
SECAPR - A bioinformatics pipeline for the rapid and user-friendly alignment of hybrid enrichment sequences, from raw reads to alignments
Authors: Andermann Tobias , Cano Angela , Zizka Alexander , Bacon Christine , Antonelli Alexandre
Published: February 2018

Evolutionary biology has entered an era of unprecedented amounts of DNA sequence data, as new sequencing platforms such as Massive Parallel Sequencing (MPS) can generate billions of nucleotides within less than a day. The current bottleneck is how to efficiently handle, process, and analyze such large amounts of data in an automated and reproducible way. To tackle these challenges we introduce the Sequence Capture Processor (SECAPR) pipeline for processing raw sequencing data into multiple sequence alignments for downstream phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses. SECAPR is user-friendly and we provide an exhaustive tutorial intended for users with no prior experience with analyzing MPS output. SECAPR is particularly useful for the processing of sequence capture (= hybrid enrichment) datasets for non-model organisms, as we demonstrate using an empirical dataset of the palm genus Geonoma (Arecaceae). Various quality control and plotting functions help the user to decide on the most suitable settings for even challenging datasets. SECAPR is an easy-to-use, free, and versatile pipeline, aimed to enable efficient and reproducible processing of MPS data for many samples in parallel.
Urbanization, resources stabilization and the temporal persistence of bird species: A review
Authors: Leveau Lucas Matías
Published: February 2018

Background. A scarcely studied consequence of urbanization is the effect of the temporal stabilization of habitat structure and resources on bird communities. This alteration is thought to dampen environmental variations between day and night, seasons and years, promoting a temporal persistence of bird composition in urban environments. The aim of this study is to review actual evidence of temporal stabilization of habitats and resources in urban environments, and its potential effects on the temporal variation of bird species presence among different temporal scales.

Methods. Selection of literature was made by searching published articles and book chapters using Google scholar. I only included articles that compared the temporal variation of bird composition or resources between different levels of urbanization.

Results. In general, there is evidence of temporal stabilization of habitat structure and resources along the three scales considered. At the diurnal scale, the main factor considered was artificial light in the context of light pollution. At the seasonal and interannual scales, several case studies found a lesser temporal variation of primary productivity in urban areas compared with natural and rural areas. Bird species composition showed more stabilization in urban environments at the three temporal scales: 1) several case studies reported bird feeding at night, associated with artificial light; 2) studies in urban parks and along urbanization gradients showed lower seasonal variation of bird composition in the more urbanized areas; and 3) in general, case studies along urbanization gradients showed lower interannual variation of bird composition in the more urbanized areas, although some studies showed no relationships or opposed trends than expected.

Discussion. The published evidence suggests that urban areas dampen the natural cycles at several temporal scales. The stabilization of biotic and abiotic factors, such as light, temperature, food and habitat structure are desynchronized from natural diurnal, seasonal and interannual cycles. However, there is a dearth of studies that simultaneously analyze the relationship between resources and bird composition stabilization. I also emphasize the need to differentiate spatial and temporal homogenization of avifaunas for a future research agenda. Moreover, the relationship between urbanization and other taxa is also commented. Finally, I propose suggestions for future work at different spatial scales.