bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simplifying Complex Problems: Use of Parametric Tools to Design and Build Complex Wood Structures
Authors: Voulpiotis Konstantinos , Epp Lucas
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the design, fabrication and construction techniques used to build an off-site fabricated, modular, free-form wooden ceiling soffit for a building in Honolulu, Hawai’i. This architectural feature ceiling used wood in an unconventional way, calling for innovation at all stages of the Project: modelling, structural analysis, fabrication, transportation and installation.

Dynamic relaxation was used to define the architectural surface, Grasshopper for the generation of a fully customisable 3D model, real time Finite Element Analysis for structural checks, and CNC machining for fabrication. The panels were shipped in containers and chain-hoisted into place.
Holistic Consideration of the Sustainability on Steel-Concrete-Compo- site Motorway and Railway Bridges
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Pascual Ana M. , Breunig Stephanie
Published: February 2021

Nowadays, sustainability is a key issue for the design of constructions, especially relevant for bridges with a service life of 100 years and where all the life‐cycle stages need to be considered. Therefore, at the tender stage decision making should no longer be only based on construction costs but on a holistic assessment of sustainability aspects along the whole lifespan of the bridge.

In the European research project “SBRI” and the German research project “NaBrüEIS” a holistic ap‐ proach of the sustainability on bridges has been developed. “SBRI” is devoted to the analysis of realistic case studies on motorway and crossing motorway bridges, while “NaBrüEIS” has the focus on the holistic evaluation of railway bridges. In both projects, environmental and economic aspects were assessed with the methods of LCA (Life‐Cycle Assessment) and LCC (Life‐Cycle Costing) to‐ gether with external effects.

An important difference between the motorway bridges and the railway bridges is the external ef‐ fects due to the traffic interruption, that play a crucial role on the holistic approach of the bridge. In motorway bridges, the external effects relate to the impact on the traffic flow in terms of user costs whereas in railway bridges, the external effects refer to the operation encumbrance costs linked to the operation of the railway net.
Short and long-term behaviour of RC slabs strengthened with prestressed CFRP laminate strips
Authors: Sena-Cruz José , Correia Luís , França Paulo , Michels Julien
Published: February 2021

In the context of strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structures with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) materials, the externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) technique is the most widely used strategy. By prestressing the FRP materials attached to the concrete substrate, the advantages of external prestressing and of the EBR technique are combined. The solutions adopting carbon FRP (CFRP) laminates have been mostly used.

Special end-anchorage systems are required at the ends of the prestressed CFRP laminate to transfer the high shear stresses developed from the FRP to concrete, in order to avoid a premature FRP peeling-off failure. From all the proposed systems, two of them have been prevailed, mainly: the mechanical anchorage (MA) fixed to the ends of the FRP reinforcement and the gradient anchorage (GA).

The present work investigates the short and long-term behaviour, including the durability issues, of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs strengthened with prestressed CFRP strips according the EBR technique. Two different anchorage systems were studied: (i) MA and (ii) GA. The experimental program carried out included of the effects of environmental actions such as water, water with chlorides and wet-dry cycles on the global performance of these slabs. This paper presents the general description of the experimental program, the analysis of the main results, as well as the retained conclusions.
Durability assessment of reinforced concrete structures due to chloride ingress up and beyond induction period
Authors: Šmilauer Vít , Hájková Karolina , Jendele Libor , Cervenka Jan
Published: February 2021

Chloride ingress in reinforced concrete structures is the main cause for the corrosion of reinforcing steel. This paper presents a new chemo-mechanical model up and beyond induction period, taking into account concrete mix design, supplementary cementitious materials, concrete cover, effect of cracking, and environmental conditions. The 1D model of transient problem of chloride ingress is extended for crack effects, which accelerates propagation. Fracture–plastic constitutive model is used for the modelling of externally induced cracks. The influence of cracks is large, e.g. crack width 0.3 mm decreases the induction time approximately five times when compared to intact concrete. Once the end of induction period is reached, progressive corrosion stage takes place. The corrosion current densityicorr is used for calculating the time of concrete spalling for chlorides. After concrete spalling, reinforcement is subjected to corrosion without any protection. The models are validated using two practical cases; the Nougawa bridge from Japan and a strut of a concrete bridge from the Czech Republic.
Assessment of the brittle fracture behaviour of old mild steel structures
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Sieber Lars
Published: February 2021

For the rehabilitation of steel structures from the 19th and the early 20th Century the assessment of the brittle fracture behaviour is essential for the structural safety. The methods used in EN 1993-1-10 were predominantly developed for welded structures made of current steel grades with more or less high toughness. The simplified method for the toughness check by using Table 2.1 [1] is not suitable for old mild steel structures with riveted and bolted connections. Notch effects and residual stresses are quite different in welded and riveted structures. The material properties of old mild steels are characterized by larger scatters, particularly due to the inhomogeneous distri- bution of tramp elements and higher contents of non-metallic inclusions. In this paper, experi- mental and analytical studies of the brittle fracture behaviour of structural elements with holes for riveted and bolted connections are presented (see also [2], [3], [4]).
Fatigue Design of high stressed aluminium structures under cyclic loading
Authors: Rengstl Mathias , Radlbeck Christina , Mensinger Martin
Published: February 2021

DIN EN 1999 provides static material datas and rules to design lightweight-structures with static and variable quasi-static loading until ultimate strength. Tensile and fatigue test with the aluminium alloy EN AW-6063 T66 are evaluated and discussed in relation to DIN EN 1999 and conducted numerical stress investigations.
3D Non-Linear FE Model for a high Capacity Saw-tooth Connector
Authors: Al-Kroom Hussein , Schmid Volker , Reimer Andreas
Published: February 2021

This study explains the behavior of a high capacity saw-tooth connector integrated into a slender reinforced concrete slab. The connector is designed to transfer high shear forces into the slab, either from steel trusses or cables, as in truss bridges or cable stayed bridges. A 3D finite element model is developed to investigate the non-linear behavior of a connector positioned in the middle of a slender reinforced concrete slab. An elasto- plastic material model is employed to define the nonlinearities of the plain concrete with Menetrey-Willam failure criterion and non-associated flow rule. Power hardening function and fracture based function are adopted to obtain the hardening / softening law, which defines the behavior of concrete, based on the stress- strain relation. That relation is acquired by using the crack band theory, which relies on the dissipated energy and element size in the model. The model shows an excellent agreement with the experimental force – displacement relation, with a discrepancy of 1-3% only. The flow of forces along the saw - tooth connection is investigated in more detail with a second FE - model. In this model the load transfer is restricted to the saw teeth only, which are arranged along the sides of the connector. The experimental data demonstrate an excellent correlation with the results obtained from the model. It is found that the shear resistance of the saw- tooth connector is much higher than the resistance of conventional types of shear connectors, like shear studs. However, it has brittle failure behaviour governed by the strength of the concrete.
Construction monitoring and control for Jiaomen River arch bridge in Guangzhou
Authors: Zhu Shiyao , Yan Quansheng , Yu Xiaolin , Jia Buyu
Published: February 2021

For novel arch rib, it is difficult to control the accuracy of the segments and whole bridge, especially for special shape bridge. It is also hard to balance the maximum lateral displacement (MLD) of arch rib and the maximum axis force (MAF) of jigs when removing temporary supports at high altitude. To address these issues, firstly, the derrick arch bridge with a total span of 231 meters is taken as the research object. Following the establishment of the finite element (FE) model of the bridge, an innovative criterion is proposed to consider both axis position and inclination angle, in which the error during the closure stage of the bridge is controlled availably. Secondly, among three potential plans modeled with FE model, one was chosen to remove the jigs, which effectively reducing the MAF and the MLD. Finally, the field monitor tests were proofread with FE model results to ensure the reasonable state of the bridge.
Service Life of Concrete Structures for the Longest Suspension Bridge in South America
Authors: Langlois Anne-Marie , Valenzuela Matías A. , Edvardsen Carola
Published: February 2021

It is widely recognized that service life can be economically extended with more robust and durable initial design and construction than in the future by rehabilitation of a deteriorated asset. In an effort to reduce life-cycle costs, new major concrete structures are designed for service lives of 100 years or more; longer than the 75 years typically assumed in structural design codes. To confidently achieve the required service life, engineers must go beyond current structural design codes and assess deterioration mechanisms and mitigation measures specific to each structure and its environment. Similar to modern structural design codes, a rational, reliability-based approach can be used. This paper presents a state-of-the-art durability design methodology that is used on the concrete components of the Chacao Bridge, required to achieve a 100-year service life.
Signal stationarization technique in output-only damping identification
Authors: Kim Sunjoong , Kim Ho-Kyung
Published: February 2021

The aim of this study is to propose the enhanced damping estimation process with output-only system identification technique by signal stationarization algorithm using amplitude-modulating (AM) function. First, a series of field measured data was analysed to demonstrate the effect of nonstationarity in operational monitoring data from cable-supported bridge. Next, in order to eliminate an effect of nonstationarity due to a traffic loading, AM function was calculated by the temporal root-mean-square function of measured responses. The approximated stationary process was extracted by dividing the sample record by envelop AM function. For the verification of the proposed techniques, a signal stationarization algorithm was applied to the measured acceleration response from cable-stayed bridge. After then, a damping ratio of cable-stayed bridges was estimated by applying Natural Excitation Technique combined with Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (NExT-ERA) to the stationarized signal obtained from 3-day ambient vibration data. To show the enhanced performance of the proposed procedure for damping estimation, the mean and coefficient of variance (COV) of estimated damping ratio were compared with/without signal stationarization process. The amplitude-dependency of estimated damping ratios was also analysed according to applying a signal stationarization.
Effect of Triangle Cables Configuration on the Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Submerged Floating Tunnel under Hydrodynamic Load
Authors: Wahyuni Endah , Komara Indra , Suswanto Budi
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to perform a further analysis regarding the Reinforced Concrete Submerged Floating Tunnel of Triangle Cables Configuration (RC-SFT TCC) system fitting to attain the structure with the optimum configuration. The TCCs were inducted into several configurations, namely C1, C2, C3, and C4 that remined the two angle inclined cables of 36˚ and 45˚ respectively with a different pattern. Subsequently, a numerical modelling was also carried out using Finite Element Method (FEM) with the employment of SAP2000. Buoyancy Weight Ratio (BWR) of 1.3-1.5 were also added in this study to provide the optimum of the RC-SFT configuration. The modelling result showed that the C1 provided the most optimum configuration due to the maximum axial forces of 1145.1 kN. The C1 was also considered giving a better performance due to load-deformation behaviour than the C2, C3, and C4 models. Finally, it can be confirmed that RC-SFT is feasible to be applied as an alternative infrastructure due to its results.
Development of prestressed T-beams made of textile reinforced UHPC
Authors: Preinstorfer Philipp , Kromoser Benjamin , Kollegger Johann
Published: February 2021

In comparison to ordinary concrete beams, the reduction of the dead weight by using high performance materials leads to larger possible span to height ratios. However, to avoid excessive deformations, it is planned to applicate carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars as prestressing members. Due to the lack of valid codes for prestressed CFRP bars in UHPC, preliminary investigations are planned, including tests on the transfer length of different types of CFRP bars in UHPC. The main goal of these tests is to determine the necessary concrete cover needed to avoid splitting cracks at the load introduction. This paper contains a detailed description of the test specimens, the test setup as well as preliminary test results. Based on this investigation it is planned to develop innovative prestressed material-fitting T-beams made of textile reinforced UHPC.
Innovative Design and Construction of Special Guideway Structures for Vancouver’s New Evergreen Line SkyTrain Extension
Authors: O'Hagan Sean , Burke Monica , Jiang Jianping
Published: February 2021

The new Evergreen Line is an 11 kilometre extension to the existing SkyTrain advanced light rail transit system in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The project scope includes design and construction of six new stations, expansion of one existing station, nine kilometres of elevated and at-grade guideway, and a two-kilometre bored tunnel.

This paper focuses on innovative design of the elevated guideway “Special Structures” where the standard precast segmental construction was not suitable. The necessity of constructing Special Structures is primarily driven by the complexity of the guideway and station geometry, and constraints imposed by properties, municipal infrastructure, railway tracks, and by connecting to an existing station. Construction challenges included working in constrained linear corridors, through multiple municipal jurisdictions, and over private properties and active railway lines.
A Case Study on Evaluating the Performance Criteria of the 2014 Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code
Authors: Ashtari Sepideh , Ventura Carlos , Finn W. D. Liam , Kennedy Don
Published: February 2021

The performance based design provisions of the 2014 Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CSA S6-14) have been applied to assess the seismic design of a three-span prestressed reinforced concrete bridge in Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Response spectrum and nonlinear time- history analyses of the bridge at 10%, 5%, and 2% probabilities of exceedance in 50 years hazard levels, and a static pushover analysis were carried out. Soil-structure interaction was considered assuming two soil conditions, corresponding to site classes C and D of CSA S6-14. The seismic performance of the bridge was also evaluated using the recently updated performance criteria in the 2016 BC MoTI Supplement to CSA S6-14. It was observed that the bridge design satisfied all of the performance criteria in both documents at all hazard levels and for both soil conditions, except for the CSA S6-14 criteria at 10% in 50 years probability of exceedance hazard level on site class D.
SROI with Assurance Can Help Contributors Distinguish Hypocritical Organizations from Genuine NFPs
Authors: Mizutani Fuminobu
Published: February 2021

The American film Poverty, Inc. alerted citizens to the fact that some “not-for-profit” organizations impair public benefit and seek profit. To avoid to contributing to such hypocritical organizations, this paper considers the possible use of SROI. SROI is an accounting concept used to evaluate NFPs. There is a problem called overhead aversion among contributors. It is hypothesized that spreading the use of assurance on SROI will face this problem. If so, a measure against this is necessary. This paper builds its theory on the existence of negative SROI as a tool to distinguish hypocritical organizations from genuine NFPs from the perspective of welfare economics, and argues that, theoretically, SROI can be negative. This paper then uses a questionnaire-based survey and conducts various statistical analysis to show that disclosure of SROI with assurance is practical. Nevertheless, it is also shown that assurance on SROI faces overhead aversion, a measure against which is provided by an influential paper. Spreading the use of SROI with assurance will trigger a shift from contribution to hypocritical organizations to contributions toward genuine NFPs. Such a shifts in contributions may also improve welfare. The main conclusion of this paper is that SROI with assurance can help contributors distinguish hypocritical organizations from genuine NFPs. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01253 Full Text: PDF
Literacia em saúde e capacitação do idoso na prevenção da diabetes mellitus tipo2 em contexto comunitário
Authors: Almeida Cristina , Veiga Ana
Published: February 2021

Introdução: Nos últimos anos, registou-se um aumento gradual da incidência e prevalência da diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que afeta já 415 milhões de pessoas no mundo, com previsão de subida para 642 milhões em 2040 (OND, 2015). Em Portugal, mais de 1 milhão de pessoas sofrem desta doença, com aumento da prevalência de 23% (DGS, 2017) entre os 65 e os 74 anos de idade. A literacia em saúde assume um papel determinante na gestão, controlo e prevenção da doença em geral. Contudo, reveste-se de especial importância em algumas patologias, quer pelo nível de cronicidade, quer pelas repercussões que tem na qualidade de vida das pessoas, como é caso da diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Objetivo: Promover a literacia em saúde a um grupo de idosos de um Centro de Dia da área de Lisboa, intervindo nos fatores de risco para a prevenção da diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Metodologia: Numa abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, foi desenvolvido um estudo descritivo transversal a um grupo de 22 idosos. Recolheram -se os dados através de um questionário, European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-PT), traduzido e validado para Portugal. A estratégia de intervenção adotada, a Educação para a Saúde, foi sustentada por técnicas pedagógicas que estimulam a capacitação da pessoa idosa, promovendo o seu empowerment. Conclusão: Este projeto de intervenção comunitária mostrou ganhos relativamente á aquisição e /ou consolidação de conhecimentos das sessões de Educação para a Saúde no âmbito da alimentação saudável e aos fatores de risco da diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Uma intervenção na comunidade através de um programa estruturado de literacia em saúde que baixe os constrangimentos, aumente o conhecimento e a motivação para o aumento da atividade física e uma alimentação saudável, tem efeitos significativos na saúde sobre os fatores de risco da diabetes (Jenum et al,2006).
Benefícios do exercício físico e da nutrição na imunidade. Possíveis estratégias para prevenção da COVID-19
Authors: Nogueira Ilana , Alves Lucas , Lemos Gisele , Salerno Verônica , Barcellos Luciane , Cocate Paula
Published: February 2021

O momento vivenciado pela sociedade frente à pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) tem sido alvo massivo de estudos, principalmente no que tange às formas de prevenção, vacinas, medicamentos e cuidados do paciente com a COVID-19. Desse modo, a presente revisão narrativa teve como objetivo avaliar artigos que abordassem o impacto da prática de exercício físico e da nutrição no sistema imunológico e a possível associação desses comportamentos com a prevenção da COVID-19. As informações coletadas no presente estudo são fruto de uma pesquisa bibliográfica acerca das últimas publicações na literatura internacional envolvendo as temáticas de exercício físico, nutrição, sistema imunológico e suas relações com a COVID-19. Dessa forma, pôde-se perceber que incentivar a aliança entre a prática regular de exercício físico de moderada intensidade e uma alimentação saudável e rica em nutrientes como, vitaminas A, C, D, E, e o mineral zinco são estratégias que poderiam ser adotada para auxiliar na redução da necessidade de hospitalização e de complicações associadas à COVID-19.
RECYCLING AND PYROLYSIS OF WASTE PLASTICS
Authors: Khatri Amrita
Published: February 2021

Plastic has achieved such an extensive market due to fact that it is lightweight, cheap, flexible and reusable. But now it is regarded as a serious hazard. All recommendation for and against plastics finally land up on the reality that plastics are slow to degrade. By the end of the 20th century, plastics are found as persistent polluters of many environmental niches, from Mount Everest to the bottom of the sea. There are numerous ways by which plastic pollution can be controlled.  Pyrolysis is referred to as polymer cracking and its main advantages are that it can deal with plastic waste .This paper provides an overview of the science and technology of pyrolysis of waste plastics. The major advantage of the pyrolysis technology is its ability to handle unsorted, unwashed plastic. The production of gasoline, kerosene and diesel from waste plastics is an emerging technological solution to the vast amount of plastics that cannot be economically recovered by conventional mechanical recycling. The disposal and decomposition of plastics has been an issue which has caused a number of research works to be carried out in this regard. Currently, the paper reviews the production of Petroleum-based fuel viz. gasoline, kerosene and diesel from recycling of waste plastics is an emerging technological solution to the vast amount of plastic wastes that cannot be economically recovered by conventional mechanical recycling operations. This involves the use of pyrolysis which permits recovery of valuable gasoline and diesel-range hydrocarbons from waste plastics that are otherwise land filled.
E WASTE- TOXIC TIME BOMB
Authors: Manchandia Anita , Quereshi Samina
Published: February 2021

With the IT revolution as well as Industrial and technological advancements, e- waste being generated mostly in the last two three decades. India emerged as one of the major hub of e-waste, which during disposal generates no. Of toxic compounds such as dioxins and furans, cadmium, mercury etc which acts as time bomb for the environment.
HYPOTHYROIDISM OCCURS DUE TO IODINE DEFICIENCY, THE HORMONAL ASSAY T3, T4 AND TSH DONE BY ELISA TEST IN UJJAIN DISTRICT MP INDIA
Authors: JaishreeJatwa
Published: February 2021

Hypothyroidism is a ‘Public health problem occurs due to Iodine deficiency and it is      mostly described in Human population; significantly it is more common in female, than males. Interpretation of the TSH level depends upon the level of thyroid hormone; T3, T4 and TSH, low value of T3, T4 and high value of TSH defines thyroid disorders; Hypothyroidism and its vice-versa condition is Hyperthyroidism, the hormonal assay done by ELISA   (Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay) test.
MICROWAVE ASSISTED SYNTHESIS, A GREEN PROTOCOL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF NEW AND ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS, A REVIEW
Authors: Singh KalpanaVirendra
Published: February 2021

Medicinal Chemistry community is considering new chemical processes, which are environmentally benign. Environmentally benign synthetic protocols have become the primary concern during complex drug discovery processes. Green chemistry is providing algorithms for protecting the environment, not by cleaning it, but by inventing new chemical processes that fuel the Economy and lifestyles, without causing any damage to the environment. Microwave assisted techniques has opened up new opportunities to the synthetic chemists in the form of new improved reaction pathways, that are not otherwise feasible. MAOS has reduced the reaction times from hours or days to minutes leading to efficient economic way for synthesis of large number of molecules. Present Review article attempts to focus on what is MAOS, how it is generated and works going on in this area.
ALTERATION IN PROTEIN AND GLUCOSE LEVEL IN THE OVARY OF A FRESH WATER CAT FISH HETEROPNEUSTES FOSSILIS (BLOCH) EXPOSED TO TEXTILE DYES
Authors: Mishra Kumudini , Khatri Amrita
Published: February 2021

Problems of water quality with particular refer to Natural and Synthetic Chemicals have greatly intensified during recent past. The most dangerous fact of these chemicals is that, they do not decay and/or for break down readily in natural environment. Once incorporated in a food web, they pass along and accumulate in the highest member of web. Fish being at high trophic level, also gets affected through food chain. Among aquatic pollutants, dyes, pigments and effluents from textile industry are of utmost importance, which affect the life processes of aquatic organisms. The present study is undertaken to assess the toxic effects of chronic exposure to textile dyes, on protein and glucose level in female gonads of fresh water teleost Heteropneustesfossilis. A decline in ovarian protein and glucose indicates adverse effects of textile dyes on the reproductive physiology of fish.
SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Kant Mani , Shouche Shobha
Published: February 2021

Without self-understanding we cannot hope for

Enduring solutions to environ­mental problems,

Which are fundamentally human problems.

—Yi-Fu Tuan, 1974                                                          

Human beings interact both with the social world and nature. Both, economic development and stable environment are required for the continual improvement of lifestyle and living standards of the people in the society and for the Earth Community as a whole. But until now, the development was human oriented and limited to rich nations. The development was achieved by damaging the environment and over exploitation of natural resources which were nonrenewable. That caused instability of environment and crossed the threshold limit of environmental damage.

The major challenge of our times is to find new and practical ways of drawing inspiration from the rich diversity of human experience as well as modern scientific insights in order to establish effective means of governing human behavior to ensure that we contribute to the prosperity of the whole Earth Community instead of destroying it.
PRESERVATION OF ENVIRONMENT THROUGH ECO-FRIENDLY STEPS
Authors: Agnihotri Manjari
Published: February 2021

The word eco-friendly is actually derived from Ecosystem which is related to human beings and their habits. The term eco-friendly means those steps which are friendly to our ecosystem and environment, that do not hurt our earth’s health and wealth. Earth is the wonderful creation of god. To save this beauty nature keeps balance among environmental components through ecosystem. If it is disturbed in any case, it affects the health of the earth. Environment is our natural heritage, and as a social creature it is the moral duty of every person to save this valuable property. So to save this environment, we should be eco-friendly.

Basically environment is made up of biotic and abiotic components present around us. They all maintain clean, balanced, perfect environment by keeping a proper balance and relation. Our environment is a rich source of natural resources.
HOW WE CAN BRING THE CHANGE IN SOCIETY USING ECO-FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Kulkarni Pranjali
Published: February 2021

As the technology develops and becomes widely acceptable, what is eco-friendly technology is a question that many people will be able to easily answer.  However, time is need while often more researched need for monitoring the progress. There are some simple day to day things which we can do and become eco-friendly without using the high technology products. If your day-to-day actions are more environmentally-friendly you may not only help the environment, but you can benefit financially, physically and mentally as well. For example, getting rid of toxic chemicals in your home and using natural cleaners will cost less, it will cut down on the number of toxins you are exposing yourself and the environment to and it will have a more positive impact on your indoor air quality. Hence going green is the new way to satisfy your needs, and now that the eco-friendly minds and products get their much awaited attention, this is the perfect time to bring insomeeco-friendly techniques in our daily life to make our mother earth clean and a place to live in.
GREEN CHEMISTRY: STUDY OF ACID-BASE INDICATOR PROPERTY OF GOLDEN BEET ROOT
Authors: Thote Prashant
Published: February 2021

In acid- base titrations, indicators are used to show a sharp color changes at interval of pH.Natural pigments in plants are highly colored substances and may show color changes withvariation of pH. An attempt has been made to investigate the indicator activity of root extract of golden beet root and to replace the synthetic indicators as they have certain disadvantages like chemical pollution, availability problems and high cost.   A study has been done to investigate the indicator activity of aqueous extract of root pigments and compared with that of already existing synthetic indicators. Pigments were extracted using hot water and a definite volume was added which gave accurate and reliable results for all the four different types of neutralization titrations - strong acid against strong base, strong acid against a weak base, weak acid against strong base and weak acid against weak base. The work proved to be acceptable in introducing root pigments as a substitute to the synthetic acid-base indicators.
EFFECT OF MATING DURATION ON FECUNDITY (REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETER) OF ERI SILK MOTH PHILOSAMIA RICINI IN DIFFERENT SEASONS
Authors: Batham Rajkumari , Yadav Ulka
Published: February 2021

Production of viable eggs in the Eri silkworm, Philosamiaricini is influenced by the mating activity.The effect of coupling duration on the fecundity of Eri silkworm, Philosamiaricini during different seasons was studied. Fecundity rate inEri silkworm, PhilosamiaRicinidoes notsignificant variation with increase in mating duration were observed different season.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF ORGANIC FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
Authors: Verma Rashmi
Published: February 2021

There are many different reason why consumer choose to buy organic food. These can include for example, concern for the environment and animal welfare. Eating organic food is one way to reduce consumption of pesticides residues and additives. consumer may also choose to buy organic food because they believe that it is safer and more nutritious than other food , new research show significant nutritional differences between organic and non- organic food (Dian Bourn and John Prescott 2002) ,organic food also increase nutritional value , sensory Qualities ,and food safety (Dr William Lockerefz  2010) . According to Denis Lairoh (2006) study nutritional quality and safety of organic food are more important because 1)organic plants products contain more dry matter and minerals (Fe,Mg) and contain more oxidant , micronutrient such as phenols and salicylic acid .2)organic animal products contain more polyunsaturated fatty acid .Organic farming is a holistic approach to food production .making use of crop rotation ,environmental management and good animal husbandry to control pests and disease. Processed organic food use ingredients that were produced organically and organic ingredients must make up at least 95% of the food there are only limited number of additives used in organic food production. Some key aspects of organic food and farming 1) restricted use of artificial fertilizer for pesticides. 2)emphasis on animal welfare ,and prevention of ill health , including stoking densities free range choice of suitable breeds .3)use of conventional veterinary medicine is focused on treating sick animals .4)emphasis on soil health and maintaining this through application of manure ,compost and crop rotation  . 5) Processor of organic food have a restrict set of additives to use. 6) No use of GMO or their products allowed.

Environmental Benefits of Organic food and Agriculture -Sustainability over the long term. Many changes observed in the environment are long term, occurring slowly over time. Organic agriculture considers the medium- and long-term effect of agricultural interventions on the agro-ecosystem. It aims to produce food while establishing an ecological balance to prevent soil fertility or pest problems. Organic agriculture takes a proactive approach as opposed to treating problems after they emerge.
BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF ROADSIDE PLANT (MANGIFERA INDICA,L)EXPOSED TO VEHICULAR POLLUTION IN INDORE CITY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO M .L. B. COLLEGE , KILABHAVAN INDORE (M.P.) INDIA
Authors: Mahajan Saroj
Published: February 2021

The present study gives an idea of changes taking place in plants morphology. Under the influence of urban air pollution. By the many activities of man, the composition and complex nature of environment gets changed. These activities include industrialization, population explosion construction, and transportation. In cities vehicles are major contributors of air pollution. The vehicular emissions have a very harmful effect on the ecology.The important parameters like pH, chlorophyll, Biomass, Leaf area which help study of vehicular pollution in Industrial area.
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Authors: Sharma Seema
Published: February 2021

The importance of natural resources in sustaining productivity and environmental protection is now relatively more realized than the past. Over the past few decades or so, more and more attention is being paid all over the world to conserve the Natural Resources. Natural resources are important material basis for a stable economy and social development too With Industrialization and Urbanization, mankind’s great demand for natural resources and their large scale exploitation and consumption has resulted in the weakening, deterioration and exhaustion of these resources. Human existence depends on the natural resources and the environment and the maintenance of which is now increasingly being considered as essential for mankind.  As human populations increase and natural resources become more limited, there is a critical need for trained conservation professionals in natural resources conservation.

Natural Resources are those environmental gifts which satisfy the human wants. They are the means of attaining social objectives. Conservation of natural resources is the wise use of the earth's resources by humanity to achieve its benefits for the longest possible period of time and ensure availability of these resources for the further generation. One difficult task faced by all countries is to guarantee the lasting utilization of natural resources at the lowest possible environmental cost while still assuring economical and social development.
EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: Godha Sonal
Published: February 2021

Over the past three or four decades, there have been important advances in the understanding of the actions, exposure-response characteristics, and mechanisms of action of many common air pollutants. Environmental physiology is the study of the physiological mechanisms that allow animals to cope with and adapt to changes in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and other natural factors of their physical environment these ideal test conditions are clearly not representative of the fluctuations in the natural environment encountered by humans and other animals on a day-to-day basis. How variations in the natural environment will alter physiological responses to toxicants. Temperature and exercise are the two well-studied parameters in the fields of environmental physiology and toxicology. In general, high temperatures exacerbate the toxic effects of many environmental toxicants. Quantitative and qualitative understanding of the effects of a small group of air pollutants/ toxicants has advanced considerably, but the understanding is by no means complete, and the breadth of effects of all air pollutants is only partially understood. The prospect of global warming also warrants a better assessment of how higher environmental temperatures may impact on the response of humans and other species to toxic chemicals. Hence, this paper focuses on the salient aspects of the interaction between environmental stress and physiological response to toxic agents with particular emphasis on temperature.
SOCIAL ISSUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: AN ASSESSMENT
Authors: Shrivastava Bharati
Published: February 2021

Environment is a gift of nature. A clean envi­ronment helps in the healthy growth of biological species. But any disorder and chaos in the environ­ment has far reaching effects over all life forms including man. These disorders may be caused by natural hazards and pollution which have attracted our attention in recent years.

It is essential to make the public aware of the formidable consequences of the Environmental Degradation, if not retorted and reformative measures undertaken would result in the extinction of life.

We are facing various environmental problems. It is essential to get the country acquainted with these problems so that their acts may be eco-friendly. Some of these problems are as under:

A population of over thousands of millions is growing at 2.11 per cent every year. It puts considerable pressure on its natural resources and reduces the gains of development. Hence, the greatest problem before us is to limit the population growth. Although population control does automatically lead to development, yet the development leads to a decrease in population growth rates.

India has often been described a rich land with poor people. The poverty and environmental degradation have a nexus between them. The vast majority of our people are directly dependent on the nature resources of the country for their basic needs of food, fuel shelter and fodder. About 40% of our people are still below the poverty line.

Environment degradation has adversely affected the poor who depend upon the resources of their immediate surroundings. Thus, the problem of poverty and the problem environment degradation are two facts of the same problem. The population growth is essentially a function of poverty. Because, to the very poor, every child is an earner and helper and global concerns have little relevance for him.

The people must be acquainted with the methods to sustain and increase agricultural growth with damaging the environment. High yielding varieties have caused soil salinity and damage to physical structure of soil.

It is essential of rationalizing the use of groundwater. Factors like community wastes, industrial effluents and chemical fertilizers and pesticides have polluted our surface water and affected quality of the groundwater.

It is essential to restore the water quality of our rivers and other water body as lakes is an important problem. It so finding our suitable strategies for consecration of water, provision of safe drinking water and keeping water bodies clean which are difficult problems is essential.
STUDY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS RIVER KHAN
Authors: Dwivedi H.S. , Bhawna Malik
Published: February 2021

Water quality is closely linked to water use and to the state of economic development. Water pollution occurs when unwanted pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in water bodies and also to the natural biological communities.

The present study is to assess the quality of river Khan at Triveni, Ujjain. Khan River flows from Indore via Sanwer it reaches Ujjain and joins Kshipra at Triveni. There are several industries in Indore, which throw their effluents in the river and it receives untreated sewage, drainage, run off from farms from the villages which are situated at the bank of this river. Though Bhangarh treatment plant has been setup at Indore to treat river Khan, only 30% of the river is being treated while rest of the water is untreated. Hence this source has been rendered unsafe for human consumption.
EFFECTIVENESS OF COLLABORATIVE, COMMUNITY AND CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN TERMS OF ACHIEVEMENT AT +2 LEVEL
Authors: Agnihotri Kamakshi , Mishra Rama
Published: February 2021

The present research study entitled- EFFECTIVENESS OF COLLABORATIVE, COMMUNITY AND CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN TERMS OF ACHIEVEMENT AT +2 LEVEL belongs to the area of educational management and educational technology. This project based on teaching learning model is strongly rooted to constructivism. In this teaching learning model both teacher and students engages themselves and immerse into a sequential scenarios, where the outcome is pre-determined. Both Teacher and Student have to master the situation at hand. The Teacher with more experience and knowledge reflects perfectly on the complex situations on the Teacher’s side. The study revealed that C3MS model significantly affects achievement of the students.
AT THE WHIM OF NATURE “NATURAL DISASTERS”: CAUSES AND PREVENTION
Authors: Pratibha Akhand , Archna Akhand
Published: February 2021

This paper seeks to determine the natural disasters, causes and effects on environment. Natural disasters are any catastrophic event that is caused by nature or the natural processes of the earth. It could be related to weather, geology, biology or even factors outside the Earth. Examples are earthquakes, hurricanes, droughts and flooding. Nature is bountiful full of resources used by the living organisms use for their survival and well-being. But nature has its own control systems. Resources used up are replenished excesses are checked, all naturally through the biogeochemical cycles, the food chains and webs and other natural phenomena. Thus equilibrium is maintained in nature. This is called ecological balance and has in recent times been disturbed by human activities.G8 Conclusions on Natural Disasters, 1975-2009 to address the increased threats of natural disasters and extreme weather phenomena caused by climate change, such as increased flooding, storm surges, droughts and forest fires, we will act to improve risk preparedness, prevention, monitoring and response times, particularly in developing countries.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL IMPACT OF MALARIA – A CASE STUDY OF NEEMUCH, MADHYA PRADESH
Authors: Sewak Sadhana
Published: February 2021

Malaria is one of the oldest chronic, most dreaded killer diseases. It is a protozoan Plasmodium borne disease which is transmitted in humans by very efficient mosquito Anopheles. Out of four plasmodium genus, vivax is more dominant and falciparum species likely to cause severe lethal malaria.According to WHO, malaria killed 627000 people in 2012, majority of them sub-Saharan African children under the age of 5. This preeminent tropical parasite disease is one of the top 3 killers among communicable diseases. It is the only vector borne disease to be placed on WHO- DALY’s (disability adjusted life years) list, as it affects the mortality and morbidity rate as well as economy of any country.
POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: Sharma Seema
Published: February 2021

Over the last three decades there has been increasing global concern over the public health impacts attributed to environmental pollution, in particular, the global burden of disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about a quarter of the diseases facing mankind today occur due to prolonged exposure to environmental pollution.  Recent reports have shown that approximately around 50,000 people dies daily due to water pollution only.

The main reason behind this rapid increase in pollution is the Human greed of development and industrialization.  

Recent reports have shown that with this rapid rate of conservation of natural sources of energy, natural biomass sources would completely vanish from the earth in less than 20years. Clearly, Human Greed has taken over human need of development. In this blind race of industrialization, mankind has forgotten that how much it is affecting our environment and what drastic results would occur if we continue to disrespect the nature.  With this rate of pollution, many severe issues such as Global Warming and depletion of ozone layer etc.
NATURAL RESOURCES AND THEIR CONSERVATION
Authors: Singh Anita , Singh Ragini
Published: February 2021

Nature has provided all the useful resources to man with free hand. Adivana relied entirely on nature to fulfill all its needs, but in the development of Adivasi from human to modern man, man exploited the natural resources in full and consequently the abundant wealth of nature gradually started to end. In this sequence, various species have reached the category of extinct species, conservation of natural resources has become imperative to preserve the remaining species and the human species itself. Along with taking various protective measures for this, the need is for the youth who are sensitive to nature and able to bear the responsibility of conservation of natural resources by staying in the nature of nature even in odd circumstances.

प्रकृति ने मनुष्य को सभी जीवनोपयोगी संसाधन मुक्त हस्त से प्रदान किये हैं। आदिमानव अपनी समस्त आवष्यकताओं की पूर्ति के लिये पूरी तरह प्रकृति पर निर्भर करता था, किंतु आदि मानव से आधुनिक मनुष्य बनने की विकासयात्रा में मनुष्य ने प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का भरपूर दोहन किया फलस्वरूप प्रकृति की अकूत संपदा धीरे-धीरे समाप्त होने लगी। इस क्रम में विभिन्न प्रजातियाँ विलुप्त प्रजातियों की श्रेणी में पहुँच गयीं, शेष बची हुई प्रजातियों और स्वयं मनुष्य प्रजाति को बचाये रखने के लिये भी प्राकृतिक संसाधनों का संरक्षण अत्यावष्यक हो गया है। इस हेतु विभिन्न सुरक्षात्मक कदम उठाने के साथ-साथ आवष्यकता ऐसे युवाओं की है जो प्रकृति के प्रति संवेदनषील हों तथा विषम परिस्थितियों में भी प्रकृति के सानिध्य में रहकर प्राकृतिक संसाधनों के संरक्षण का उत्तरदायित्व निभाने में सक्षम हों।