bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current State of the Problem of Organizing and Conducting Medical Evacuation of Victims in Emergencies
Authors:   All-Russian Centre for Disaster Medicine Zashchita of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Baranova N.N. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Goncharov S.F. ,   All-Russian Centre for Disaster Medicine Zashchita of Federal Medical Biological Agency,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
Published: December 2020

Relevance of the study. The increase in the number of natural and man-made emergencies (ChS), terrorist acts, social and armed conflicts leads to an increase in the number of victims and suffered, a shortage of medical personnel, medicines and equipment, and a delay in the provision of medical care in the conditions of failure of medical organizations (LMO). Each disaster is usually prolonged in nature, poses a danger to the social infrastructure and requires organized medical and evacuation measures. The relevance of the problem of improving the quality and efficiency of medical care and medical evacuation of victims in ChS is confirmed by the data of state reports "On the state of protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies..." for 2018-2019. The purpose of the study is to analyze the organization and conduct of medical evacuation of victims in ChS in modern conditions. Materials and methods of research. Based on the analysis of experience in organizing and conducting medical evacuation measures in emergencies, analysis of the results of scientific research on various aspects of medical evacuation of patients and victims of natural disasters, man-made accidents, terrorist acts and armed conflicts, materials on the use of digital technologies, and many years of own experience, an information search was conducted for ways to improve the medical evacuation system using technical means. Research results and their analysis. Based on the experience of eliminating the medical and sanitary consequences of known emergencies, it is shown that insufficient attention was paid to the organization and conduct of medical evacuation of victims, taking into account the principles of routing and creating a three–level system of medical care. Transfer from the hearth of emergencies to nearby hospitals, the lack of monitoring of victims, unproper routing, lack of medical air transport, weak medico-technical equipment of vehicles, lack of training and a number of other circumstances have led to a growing number of different complications and increased fatality rate among the victims in an emergency. It is concluded that the organization and conduct of medical evacuation of victims in emergencies require: high – quality application of information technologies that allow predicting routing and monitoring of victims, including using telemedicine systems; development and use of new modular kits and other medical equipment, primarily for sanitary aviation evacuation.
Inter-Hospital Medical Evacuation of Victims of Road Accidents on the Federal Highway M-8 "Kholmogory" in the Arkhangelsk Region
Authors:   Northern State Medical University, Baranov A.V. ,   Cherepovets State University
Published: December 2020

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the inter-hospital medical evacuation of victims of road accidents on the Federal highway M-8 "Kholmogory" in the Arkhangelsk region to determine ways of further improvement. Materials and methods of research: a retrospective study is carried out of 112 medical records of victims of accidents on the FAD M-8 "Kholmogory" in the Arkhangelsk region, evacuated for urgent reasons in the period from 01.01.2012 to 31.12.2018 from the Central district hospitals (CRH) to the Arkhangelsk regional clinical hospital – trauma center level I. Research results and their analysis. There was an increase in the number of cases of inter-hospital medical evacuation of victims of accidents on the FAD M-8 "Kholmogory", especially its sanitary aviation component-by 2018; all evacuees had severe polytrauma, the vast majority of them were evacuated from the CRH to the level I trauma center within the first day. The need is substantiated to equip a helipad, purchase a helicopter, create full-fledged emergency response teams, and organize routing of victims of accidents on the FAD M-8 Kholmogory in the Shenkursky and Velsky districts of the Arkhangelsk region to the Velsky CRH-level II trauma center.
Comparison of the Effects of Solifenacin Succinate for the Treatment of Overactive Bladder with Extended Release Tolterodine
Authors: Islam Muhammad Serajul , Alam AKM Khurshidul , Hossain Tohid Mohammad Saiful , Alam Md Nabid , Mondal Madhusudan , Haider Mominul
Published: December 2020

Objective: To compare the therapeutic effects of solifenacin succinate with extendedrelease tolterodine for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in Bangladeshi patients.
Methods: A prospective, randomized, single-blind, two-arm, parallel-group, clinicaltrial was conducted in the department of Urology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib MedicalUniversity (BSMMU), Dhaka from January 2013 to June 2014. A total of 65 patientswith OAB were treated with solifenacin succinate 5 mg (experimental group, n=33)and extended release tolterodine 4 mg (control group, n=32), both at night daily for 12weeks. Efficacy and safety variables were assessed and compared with baseline and at 12weeks treatment in between the two groups.
Results: At week 12, solifenacin succinate and extended release tolterodine demonstratedreduction in the mean number of micturition (50% vs. 51%), urgency (87% vs. 73%),urge incontinence (89% vs. 71%), nocturia (89% vs. 74%), usage of pads (90% vs.71%) per 24 hours. There was increased in the mean voided volume of each micturitionin both the groups without any difference in between them. The incidence of major adverseevents were dry mouth (15.2% vs. 9.4%), constipation (9.1% vs. 15.6%), and blurredvision (6.1% vs. 3.1%) respectively.
Conclusions: Solifenacin succinate had greater efficacy to extended release tolterodine intreating overactive bladder. There were no significant treatment difference between the twogroups in decreasing the number of micturition and increasing the voided volume of eachmicturition and the incidence of major adverse events. All the adverse effects were mild andtransient in nature and discontinuation of medication due to adverse effects were low.
Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 1, January 2020 p.76-81
Emme pääse politiikkaa pakoon
Authors: Haltia Nina
Published: December 2020

Politiikka on vaikutussuhteita ja vallankäyttöä, kamppailua ja kompromisseja. Politiikka on vuoropuhelua ja neuvotteluja siitä, mitä voidaan tehdä ja millaisiin toimiin päätetään ryhtyä. Keskustelu tiivistyy usein resurssien jakoon ja kysymyksiin siitä, mihin ollaan valmiita käyttämään rahaa.
”Voimaannuttava vapaaehtoinen vertaisohjaus” aikuiskasvatuspolitiikkaa muovaamassa
Authors: Heimo Satu , Tapanila Katriina , Ojapelto Anna , Heikkinen Anja
Published: December 2020

’Vertaisuus’ on aikuiskasvatukselle tyypillinen käsite, joka on otettu myös osaksi maahanmuuttajien työllistymistä tukevia hankkeita. Voimaannuttava vapaaehtoinen vertaisohjaus oli artikkelissa tarkasteltavan Euroopan sosiaalirahaston (ESR) rahoittaman hankkeen keino päästä työllisyyspoliittisiin tavoitteisiin. Sitä koordinoi vapaan sivistystyön organisaatio yhdessä ammatillisten aikuisoppilaitosten, maahanmuuttajajärjestöjen ja ammattiliiton kanssa. Maahanmuuttajia koulutettiin hankkeessa toimimaan vertaisohjaajina työttömille maahanmuuttajille. Koulutus voimaannutti kokemusasiantuntijan roolin omaksuneita ohjaajia, mutta kasvatti etäisyyttä heidän ja vertaisryhmien osallistujien välillä, mikä puolestaan vaikeutti työllistymistavoitteiden saavuttamista. Hankkeessa toteutetussa seuranta- ja arviointitutkimuksessa sovellettiin toimintatutkimuksen lähestymistapaa. Artikkelissa kuvataan, miten vertaisuuden, voimaantumisen ja vapaaehtoisuuden hankesanasto voi edistää aikuiskasvatuksen työvoima- ja sosiaalipoliittista tulkintaa. Riippuvuus ESR-ohjelman tavoitteista ja rahoituksesta välittyi hanketoimijoiden tapaan käyttää aikuiskasvatussanastoa ja -toimintatapoja. Hankkeissa ei välttämättä ole riittävästi mahdollisuuksia toiminnan yhteiseen reflektoimiseen. Hankkeisiin osallistumalla tutkijat voivat edistää hanketoiminnan itsereflektiota ja keskustelua aikuiskasvatuksen luonteesta.
Las redes sociales, un nuevo espacio de creación, contacto y desarrollo para las instituciones culturales y sus seguidores
Authors: Calvo Bayo Isabel
Published: December 2020

La comunicación y la participación digital se han convertido en un punto trascendental para las instituciones culturales. Hoy en día numerosas entidades están cada vez más presentes en las redes sociales y elaboran procesos de difusión de información mediante distintos mecanismos y estrategias. La atención por parte de las instituciones a las comunidades digitales reside fundamentalmente en la oportunidad que ofrecen para que la cultura pueda fortalecerse, ya que proporcionan un espacio para crear, informar, interactuar de manera bidireccional y asegurar su futuro.

Entre las distintas opciones que ofrece el mundo digital, el feedback entre el organismo y los usuarios cobra un especial protagonismo, favoreciendo el crecimiento cultural con el público. De esta forma, la información es transmitida de una manera mucho más dinámica y eficaz, algo que los métodos tradicionales no habían logrado conseguir con anterioridad. Así pues, internet se ha convertido en un potente vehículo generador de cultura, que ayuda a prolongar la experiencia cultural entre un gran número de los miembros de las redes sociales, además de favorecer un nuevo espacio de creación y difusión.

Durante la crisis sanitaria provocada por el covid-19, se ha podido observar la fuerte repercusión que ha adquirido la cultura a nivel digital. Las consecuencias derivadas de esta situación, como la transformación de los hábitos sociales, invitan a una reflexión para que las diferentes instituciones culturales puedan reforzar sus estrategias de comunicación y garanticen una mayor participación a través de las plataformas online.
Entrepreneurs’ interpersonal communication competence in networking
Authors: Kokkonen Lotta , Koponen Jonna
Published: December 2020

Modern international business calls for competencies that enable entrepreneurs to be creative, innovative, effective and capable of networking. Competencies in forming and developing networks are particularly valuable for organizations and companies in countries with small economies, such as Finland, that are dependent on export and profitable international business. The aim of this research is to build understanding of what kind of interpersonal communication competence (ICC) entrepreneurs need in networking.

Since the classic work of Granovetter (1982) and others (see e.g. Håkansson, 1982; Håkansson & Snehota, 2000), network theory and network analysis have become popular when trying to understand the behavior of organizations as well as of individuals in multiple contexts. The importance of networking has been recognized in international business and entrepreneurship research (e.g. Newman et al., 2006; Rauch et al., 2015).

In the field of communication, there is a long tradition of studying interpersonal communication competence. Yet little attention has been given to entrepreneurs’ interpersonal communication competence in networking. To date, networking has been mainly studied in the research field of network analysis. Thus, it makes sense to focus on previous research in these fields.

The data consist of thematic interviews (N = 14) carried out with entrepreneurs representing different companies from various industries. The data were analyzed with abductive logic by applying thematic analysis. The results show that in networking entrepreneurs’ ICC has four crucial dimensions: (1) behavioral communication competence (relational communication skills), (2) cognitive communication competence (knowledge on communication, meta-cognition), (3) affective dimension (motivation, attitude, ethical mindset), and (4) business-related competence and resources (business expertise, resources). We also discuss a way for other researchers to continue studying context-specific meanings related to interpersonal communication competence, and how the results can be applied when planning and executing entrepreneurs’ communication training.
Vuoden vuorovaikutusteko -kunniamaininta
Authors: Sierilä Heta-Leena
Published: December 2020

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Päivällisellä vieraan kanssa: parasosiaalinen kohtaaminen immersiivisessä virtuaaliympäristössä
Authors: Kuuluvainen Venla , Virtanen Ira A. , Rikkonen Lassi , Isotalus Pekka
Published: December 2020

Parasosiaalinen kohtaaminen vieraaksi koetun ihmisen kanssa mahdollistaa hänen ymmärtämisensä moniulotteisena, yksilöllisenä olentona yleistävän kulttuurisen luokittelun sijasta. Tässä tutkimuksessa selvitimme, (1) miten parasosiaalinen kohtaaminen immersiivisessä virtuaaliympäristössä on yhteydessä katsojien ahdistuksen tunteeseen (intergroup anxiety) sekä käsityksiin vieraasta ja (2) millaiset interpersonaaliset tekijät ovat merkityksellisiä kohtaamisessa. Kohtaamisia tarkastellaan parasosiaalisten ilmiöiden näkökulmasta. Tutkimus hyödynsi immersiivistä dokumenttia, Dinnertime360, jossa katsoja tutustuu itselleen vieraaseen ihmiseen immersiivisessä virtuaaliympäristössä, päivällispöydässä. Tulokset osoittivat, että suhtautuminen vieraaseen muuttui kohtaamisen jälkeen myönteisemmäksi ja katsojien ahdistus väheni. Laadullinen aineisto osoitti samanlaisuuden, erilaisuuden ja hyödyllisyyden merkittäviksi interpersonaalisiksi tekijöiksi kohtaamisessa. Lopuksi pohditaan immersiivisen teknologian ja parasosiaalisten ilmiöiden suhdetta.
Kirja-arvio: Mikkola & Valo (toim.), Workplace Communication
Authors: Välikoski Tuula-Riitta
Published: December 2020

Arvioitava teos:

Mikkola, Leena & Valo, Maarit (toim.) Workplace Communication. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Strengthening Corporate Legal Functions in Achieving Good Corporate Governance at PT Bank Bengkulu
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Rosari Widiya N. , Sofyan Tito
Published: December 2020

The increase in company value is reflected in the increase in performance and company image. PT Bank Bengkulu in enhancing the value of the company is done by applying the principles of Good corporate governance supported by the Corporate Legal division. The principles of Good Corporate Governance include: openness, accountability, responsibility, independence and fairness. Corporate Legal functions to regulate matters relating to the legal field which include: Organization and authority, advice or provision of legal assistance andhandling legal cases, risk management and mitigation, documentation, administration and reporting. Previously, Corporate Legal was part of the Compliance Division. However, since the transfer of Corporate Legal to Corporate Secretary, there has been overlapping of authority, duties and functions. The problem in this research is how to strengthen Corporate Legal in realizing Good Corporate Governance and what are the factors that inhibit the strengthening of Corporate Legal function in realizing Good Corporate Governance at PT Bank Bengkulu. This type of research is empirical research, data sources obtained from interviews, documents, as well as literature and legislation relevant to research. The results of the study are the strengthening of Corporate Legal at PT Bank Bengkulu conducted by organizational restructuring based on Directors Decree No.17.1 / HP.00.01 / D.1 / 2019/2019 regarding changes in the organizational structure of the transfer of Corporate Legal to Corporate Secretary which was formerly Corporate Legal part of Compliance division, thistransfer makes Corporate Legal have a wider authority that is able to provide legal oponi which includes external banks where previously in compliance with Compliance, Corporate Legal can only provide legal opinions that cover only the internal parts of the bank. The factor that inhibits the strengthening of the function of Corporate Legal in realizing good corporate governance at PT Bank Bengkulu is the overlapping authority between the Compliance division and the Corporate Secretary, in which there are no restrictions on what should be reviewed by the Compliance Division and Corporate Secretary, then in policytaken by the Board of Directors cannot be immediately decided by Corporate Legal so the problem becomes slow to be resolved immediately.
The Urgency of Trademark Registration for Business Actors (Case Study of Supreme Court Decision No 575 K / Pdt.Sus-HKI / 2020 Between Ruben Samuel Onsu vs PT Ayam Geprek Benny Sujono)
Authors: Fithriah Nurhani
Published: December 2020

Brand registration is very important for business people. A brand is one of the distinguishing entities between the business activities of business actors. The problem occurs when business actors already have a trademark which is then well known in the community but in fact they have not registered the trademark, as experienced by Ruben Samuel Onsu with his Geprek chicken business. However, in its development, it turns out that there are other business actors using the same mark but have registered the mark. This research was conducted using a normative method through a statutory approach and concepts. This research examines the Supreme Court's decision rejecting the appeal from Ruben Samuel Onsu and analyzes the urgency and procedures for trademark registration. Based on the research results, trademark law in Indonesia is regulated in Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications. The terms and procedures for application for registration of a mark are regulated in Article 4 - Article 8 and further regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights No. registration of a mark and being recognized as the legal owner of the mark and rights to the mark are obtainedafter the mark is registered. Ruben Onsu's Bensu mark was declared invalid because Ruben Onsu was not the first party to register the mark, and the Supreme Court decided to cancel all trademark applications made by Ruben Onsu.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MATHEMATICS LEARNING USING MEDIA DESIGNED COASTAL AREA
Authors: D Zuhri , Sehatta Sehatta
Published: December 2020

The meaning of numbers which is often referred to as Number Sense is very important for students to understand specifically in elementary school. Correspondingly, elementary school students who are new to numbers must be given a real experience that they experience as a means of building an understanding of the meaning of numbers. In connection with that, this study aims to investigate the understanding of elementary school students in class I who are taught with instructional media in the design of coastal areas. The subjects of this study consisted of 2 elementary schools with a total of 42 subjects who were located on the coast. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of learning and its impact on number sense. The results of the data analysis showed that the effectiveness of learning mathematics using media designed in the coastal area was in a good category and students' understanding of the meaning of numbers after treatment significantly increased by 21.3%.
An unusual occurrence of acute cerebellar infarct after self-cervical manipulation: a case report
Authors: Ademoğlu Enis , İslam Mehmet Muzaffer , Aksel Gökhan , Eroğlu Serkan Emre
Published: December 2020

İntroduction
Spinal manipulation is a widely used method in the treatment of neck pain, but it has the potential for serious complications. Although controversial, stroke can occur especially after cervical manipulation. Stroke secondary to self-cervical manipulation is rare and only a few cases have been reported.
Case Report
We reported a 28-year-old male patient with complaints of dizziness, neck pain and right hemiparesthesia. Except the cerebellar gait and right hemiparesthesia, his neurological examination was normal. It was learnt that his complaints started an hour after the self-cervical manipulation. His brain computed tomography, brain and cervical computed tomography angiography were normal limits. The brain diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an acute infarction area. He was discharged without sequelae with antiaggregant treatment, after 8 days of follow-up in the hospital.
Conclusion
Although it is controversial whether the risk of stroke increases after cervical manipulation, we believe the risk of stroke may increase, especially when the manipulation is performed by non-professionals. Especially in younger patients with a history of cervical manipulation and neurological complaints, stroke should be suspected even if the neurological examination is normal.
Is Computed Tomography the Gold Standard in Aortic Dissection?
Authors: Tatar Sefa , İçli Abdullah , Akıllı Hakan , Görmüş Niyazi , Sertdemir Ahmet
Published: December 2020

İntroduction:
Aortic dissection is a disease with high mortality, which is characterized by a tear in the aortic wall. Thanks to early diagnosis and treatment, patients' survival rates are high. Chest pain is the most common symptom. Imaging methods help in diagnosis. Its treatment is surgery.
Case report:
A 47-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with chest pain. The diagnosis of aortic dissection in computed tomography was evaluated as motion artifact and valve motion, and he was asked to be discharged from the emergency service after his diagnosis was missed. However, transesophageal echocardiography was performed because of the patient's clinical symptom and echocardiographic findings supported the aortic dissection. When a dissection flap was seen in transesophageal echocardiography, the patient was transferred to surgery. In surgery, a dacron graft was placed in the patient's aorta and a prosthetic valve was placed on the aortic valve, and left main coronary repair and right coronary is bypass were performed. The patient was discharged without any problem.
Conclusion:
Aortic dissection is a clinical diagnosis, it is a disease with high mortality. Imaging methods are helpful in diagnosis, but the fact that imaging methods rule out dissection does not always rule out the disease. The important thing is to suspect the disease and to consider the patient's current clinical symptoms and signs.
The importance of hemodialysis in intoxications with 3 case reports
Authors: Soylu Veysel Garani , Yılmaz Ayşe , Taşkın Öztürk , Demir Ufuk , Uyar Bülent
Published: December 2020

Introduction: While many intoxication cases are cured with medical treatment, antidote therapy and symptomatic treatment; some cases may need hemodialysis treatment or even invasive mechanical ventilation support. We aimed to examine the place of hemodialysis in three rare intoxication cases seen in our hospital.
Case Reports: 43-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency service with metformin intoxication . The patient with type B lactic acidosis was treated with urgent hemodialysis After a session of hemodialysis, the clinical and laboratory data returned to normal. 19-year-old female patient admitted to the emergency service with theophylline intoxication. The blood theophylline level was toxic.The patient with symptoms of intoxication (tachycardia, hypokalemia, severe nausea and vomiting, etc.) regressed after a session of hemodialysis . 22-year-old mental retarded male patient was admitted to the emergency service with loss of consciousness. The patient with metabolic acidosis was taken to the intensive care unit with coma of unknown cause. 4 sessions of hemodialysis was applied to the patient who developed acute renal failure. It was learned that the patient drank ethylene glycol (antifreeze).
Result: All our patients could be discharged with full recovery.Hemodialysis treatment has an important place in the treatment of intoxication cases.
«Для музеев есть табу»: запретительные практики в культуре российских музеев
Authors: Гринько Иван Александрович , Шевцова Анна Александровна
Published: December 2020

В статье исследуется институт музейных табу. Актуальность исследования обусловлена несколькими факторами, в первую очередь, развитием в последние три десятилетия взаимоотношений «музей-посетитель» и ростом в них роли последнего. Помимо этого, тема важна потому, что именно запреты во многом формируют профессиональную этику, а, следовательно, и сам статус профессии. Целью данной работы было стремление показать неоднозначность современных музейных табу с точки зрения их рациональности и степень влияния последних на функционирование самого музейного института. Основным источником исследования стал опрос музейных сотрудников и анализ систем запретов в музеях Российской Федерации. Главный вывод авторов следующий: современная система музейных табу была сформирована не только отношением к музею как к сакральному пространству, но и культурой советских запретительных практик. Часть профессионального сообщества осознает проблемы с количеством и качеством запретов, однако в целом обсуждение данной темы само по себе табуировано. Это влечет за собой целый ряд проблем, ключевая из которых  – отсутствие единой системы стандартов при работе с посетителем, что становится источником потенциальных конфликтов. Также исследование показало, что в профессиональной музейной среде пока отсутствует консенсус не только по внешним запретам, но и по базовым вопросам внутренней корпоративной культуры.
This article analyzes the institute of museum taboos. The relevance of this study is due to several factors, primarily the development of relationships between the museum and the visitor in the last three decades. The prohibitions also influence the shaping of professional ethics, and, consequently, the status of the profession. The main aim of this work was to show the ambiguity of the contemporary taboos in Russian museums and their impact on the functioning of the museum itself.
The research was mainly based on a survey of museum employees and analysis of the systems of prohibitions in museums of the Russian Federation. The main conclusion of the research is as follows: the contemporary system of museum taboos was formed not only by attitude to the museum as a sacred space, but also by the culture of Soviet prohibitive practices. Part of the professional community is aware of the problems with the quantity and quality of prohibitions, however, in general, the discussion of prohibitions is taboo itself. This entails a number of problems, the key one being the absence of a unified system of standards in working with a visitor, which is a cause of potential conflicts. The study showed that in the professional museum community there is still no consensus not only on external prohibitions, but also on basic issues of internal corporate culture.
Lignocellulosic Biomass for the Synthesis of Nanocellulose and Its Eco-Friendly Advanced Applications
Authors: Gupta Guddu Kumar , Shukla Pratyoosh
Published: December 2020

Nanocellulose is a unique and natural compound extracted from native cellulose using different extraction techniques. Nanocellulose is currently attracting attention due to its excellent properties such as special surface chemistry, exceptional physical and chemical strength, and rich hydroxyl groups for modification. In addition, its significant biological properties, like biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, accompanied by being environmentally friendly, are added advantages. The current review is focused on the lignocellulosic biomass processing methods for nanocellulose production and their usage for eco-friendly and environmental sustainability. We have also described insights into different techniques by which cellulosic materials can be changed into cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Lastly, we further discussed how nano-cellulosic materials are being used in a variety of industries such as the food sector, biomedical hygiene products, health care, water purification, and sensors. In the review, the unique uses of nanocelluloses in the production of nanocomposite materials, like flexible supercapacitor and polymer matrix, toward minimizing the utilization of global fossil energy and environmental pollution are envisaged. Finally, the significant application of nanomaterials in the areas of packaging industries, health and hygienic sector, cosmetics, and other important sectors are discussed. In the aspect of techno-economically feasibility, nano-cellulose-based materials may prove to be outstanding, environment friendly, and mitigate effluent load.
Chronotype, Sleep, and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese College Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li Tingting , Xie Yang , Tao Shuman , Yang Yajuan , Xu Honglv , Zou Liwei , Tao Fangbiao , Wu Xiaoyan
Published: December 2020

Objective: To describe the prevalence of chronotype and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students and to examine the association between chronotype and depressive symptoms.

Methods: From April to May 2019, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,179 Chinese college students from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces. A total of 1,135 valid questionnaires were collected, the valid response rate was 98.6%. The questionnaire investigated age, gender, major, height, weight, only child status, living place, self-reported family economy, and self-reported study burden. The chronotype was assessed by the Morning and Evening Questionnaire (MEQ). Depressive symptoms and sleep quality were evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. A Chi-square test was used to examine the proportion of depressive symptoms among Chinese college students with different demographic characteristics. The generalized linear model was used to analyze the relationships between chronotype and depressive symptoms.

Results: The proportion of morning types (M-types), neutral types (N-types), and evening types (E-types) of college students were 18.4, 71.1, and 10.5%, respectively. The proportion of mild depression, moderate depression, and moderate to severe depression of participants were 32.4, 6.0, and 4.2%, respectively. Compared to the M-types, after controlled for age, gender, major, sleep quality, self-reported study burden, father's education level, and self-reported family economy, depressive symptoms were positively correlated with E-types (OR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.49–3.73).

Conclusions: There was a significant association between chronotype and depressive symptoms among Chinese college students. Further longitudinal studies were needed to clarify the causal relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms.
The Promise of Automated Home-Cage Monitoring in Improving Translational Utility of Psychiatric Research in Rodents
Authors: Mingrone Alfred , Kaffman Ayal , Kaffman Arie
Published: December 2020

Large number of promising preclinical psychiatric studies in rodents later fail in clinical trials, raising concerns about the efficacy of this approach to generate novel pharmacological interventions. In this mini-review we argue that over-reliance on behavioral tests that are brief and highly sensitive to external factors play a critical role in this failure and propose that automated home-cage monitoring offers several advantages that will increase the translational utility of preclinical psychiatric research in rodents. We describe three of the most commonly used approaches for automated home cage monitoring in rodents [e.g., operant wall systems (OWS), computerized visual systems (CVS), and automatic motion sensors (AMS)] and review several commercially available systems that integrate the different approaches. Specific examples that demonstrate the advantages of automated home-cage monitoring over traditional tests of anxiety, depression, cognition, and addiction-like behaviors are highlighted. We conclude with recommendations on how to further expand this promising line of preclinical research.
Associations Between Delivery Mode and Early Childhood Body Mass Index Z-Score Trajectories: A Retrospective Analysis of 2,685 Children From Mothers Aged 18 to 35 Years at Delivery
Authors: Zhang Lihong , Huang Liuxia , Zhao Zhiyuan , Ding Renjuan , Liu Hongnian , Qu Wenchao , Jia Xiao
Published: December 2020

Objective: To investigate the association between cesarean delivery (CD) and trajectory patterns of age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) z-score in early childhood.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 2,685 children whose maternal age at the time of birth was between 18 and 35 years, and birth data and anthropometric measurement data during their ages 3–60 months were collected. A group-based trajectory modeling approach was used to identify distinct BMI z-score trajectories, and multinomial logistic regressions were applied to estimate the associations among CD (both elective and non-elective combined), elective and non-selective CD, and BMI z-score trajectory classes.

Results: Of the 2,685 participants, 46.5% (N = 1,248) were born by vaginal delivery (VD), 20.7% (N = 556) by elective CD, and 32.8% (N = 881) by non-elective CD. Five BMI z-score trajectory patterns were identified, and they were “increasing from moderate to high” (10.1%, n = 270), “increasing from mild to moderate” (34.2%, n = 919), “increasing from low to high” (10.5%, n = 283), “stable mild” (30.1%, n = 808), and “stable low” (15.1%, n = 405) groups. Compared with children delivered by VD, those who delivered by CD (both elective and non-elective combined), elective CD, and non-elective CD were associated with the “increasing from moderate to high” trajectory [odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–2.29; OR = 1.64, 95%CI: 1.06–2.54; and OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.05–2.39, respectively] and were also associated with the “increasing from low to high” trajectory (OR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.17–2.19, OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.16–2.63; and OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.00–2.34, respectively).

Conclusion: Both elective and non-elective CD were associated with the risk of accelerated weight gain in early childhood.
Morphological Metaphor Mapping of Moral Concepts in Chinese Culture
Authors: Liu Yingjie , Li Kang , Li Lina , Zhang Jing , Lin Yuerui , DiFabrizio Baxter , Wang He
Published: December 2020

According to conceptual metaphor theory, individuals are thought to understand or express abstract concepts by using referents in the physical world—right and left for moral and immoral, for example. In this research, we used a modified Stroop paradigm to explore how abstract moral concepts are metaphorically translated onto physical referents in Chinese culture using the Chinese language. We presented Chinese characters related to moral and immoral abstract concepts in either non-distorted or distorted positions (Study 1) or rotated to the right or to the left (Study 2). When we asked participants to identify the Chinese characters, they more quickly and accurately identified morally positive characters if they were oriented upright or turned to the right and more quickly and accurately identified immoral characters when the characters were distorted or rotated left. These results support the idea that physical cues are used in metaphorically encoding social abstractions and moral norms and provided cross-cultural validation for conceptual metaphor theory, which would predict our results.
A Survey of Endophytic Fungi Associated with High-Risk Plants Imported for Ornamental Purposes
Authors: Gioia Laura , d’Errico Giada , Sinno Martina , Ranesi Marta , Woo Sheridan Lois , Vinale Francesco
Published: December 2020

An extensive literature search was performed to review current knowledge about endophytic fungi isolated from plants included in the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) dossier. The selected genera of plants were Acacia, Albizia, Bauhinia, Berberis, Caesalpinia, Cassia, Cornus, Hamamelis, Jasminus, Ligustrum, Lonicera, Nerium, and Robinia. A total of 120 fungal genera have been found in plant tissues originating from several countries. Bauhinia and Cornus showed the highest diversity of endophytes, whereas Hamamelis, Jasminus, Lonicera, and Robinia exhibited the lowest. The most frequently detected fungi were Aspergillus, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Penicillium, Phyllosticta, and Alternaria. Plants and plant products represent an inoculum source of several mutualistic or pathogenic fungi, including quarantine pathogens. Thus, the movement of living organisms across continents during international trade represents a serious threat to ecosystems and biosecurity measures should be taken at a global level.
Eco-Efficient Hybrid Cements: Pozzolanic, Mechanical and Abrasion Properties
Authors: Shagñay Segundo , Ramón Leticia , Fernández-Álvarez María , Bautista Asunción , Velasco Francisco , Torres-Carrasco Manuel
Published: December 2020

One of the most polluting industries is the cement industry and, for this reason, alternative lines of research recommend the use of substitute materials for traditional Portland cement. This study proposes the use of industrial (slag and fly ash) and ceramic wastes for the total or partial replacement of Portland cement in the manufacturing of both alkaline-activated and hybrid cements. To carry out this study and evaluate the behavior of the proposed materials, different mortars were manufactured: Portland cement (CEM I), two alkaline-activated slag systems and six hybrid systems, with an 80–20% waste-to-Portland-cement ratio for all the proposed wastes. An assessment of the pozzolanic activity was carried out for the different materials. The behavior of all the systems regarding mechanical resistance and durability to abrasion was studied. All the proposed materials, especially those with ceramic wastes, showed pozzolanic activity and suitable characteristics for use in the manufacturing of alternative cements. The mortar made of slag activated with waterglass presented the highest mechanical strength and lowest porosity, but the hybrid materials presented competitive results. After being subjected to the Böhme abrasion test, their effectiveness as substitutes for Portland cement is reiterated, some of them improving their durability to wear.
Social and Robust Navigation for Indoor Robots Based on Object Semantic Grid and Topological Map
Authors: Zhang Jiadong , Wang Wei , Qi Xianyu , Liao Ziwei
Published: December 2020

For the indoor navigation of service robots, human–robot interaction and adapting to the environment still need to be strengthened, including determining the navigation goal socially, improving the success rate of passing doors, and optimizing the path planning efficiency. This paper proposes an indoor navigation system based on object semantic grid and topological map, to optimize the above problems. First, natural language is used as a human–robot interaction form, from which the target room, object, and spatial relationship can be extracted by using speech recognition and word segmentation. Then, the robot selects the goal point from the target space by object affordance theory. To improve the navigation success rate and safety, we generate auxiliary navigation points on both sides of the door to correct the robot trajectory. Furthermore, based on the topological map and auxiliary navigation points, the global path is segmented into each topological area. The path planning algorithm is carried on respectively in every room, which significantly improves the navigation efficiency. This system has demonstrated to support autonomous navigation based on language interaction and significantly improve the safety, efficiency, and robustness of indoor robot navigation. Our system has been successfully tested in real domestic environments.
Anisotropic Yield Criterion of Rolled AZ31 Magnesium Alloy via Nanoindentation
Authors: Wang Zai , Hao Xin , Qiu Ji , Jin Tao , Shu Xuefeng , Li Xin
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the anisotropic mechanical properties of rolled AZ31 magnesium alloys are investigated using nanoindentation tests at room temperature. Nanoindentation was carried out at four angles, including the rolling direction (0°), diagonal direction (45°), transverse direction (90°), and vertical direction (ND). Experimental results show that hardness increases as the rolling angle increases from 0° to 90° and is lowest in the ND direction. The hardness independent of the effect of indentation depth is obtained by analyzing the indentation size effect and then converting hardness values into yield strengths. A new criterion is proposed on the basis of the Hill48 yield criterion. The data obtained through the above experiments are used to determine the parameters in the new criterion. Finally, a solution to the challenge of modeling a function that accurately describes the anisotropic yielding behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloys is proposed using the nanoindentation technique to solve the requirements of specimen size and experimental methods of the macro test.
iPlus a User-Centered Methodology for Serious Games Design
Authors: Carrión-Toro Mayra , Santorum Marco , Acosta-Vargas Patricia , Aguilar Jose , Pérez María
Published: December 2020

Standard video games are applications whose development process often follows a traditional software methodology. Serious Games (SGs) are a tool with an immensely positive impact and great success. SGs enable learning and provide entertainment and self-empowerment, which motivates students. The development of an SG consists of complex processes requiring multi-disciplinary knowledge in multiple domains, including knowing the learning domain and adding the appropriate game mechanics to foster high intrinsic motivation and positive player experience that makes the players feel like they are having fun while learning. Otherwise, the game is viewed as boring and not as a fun and engaging activity. Nevertheless, despite their potential, the application of SGs in education has been limited in terms of pedagogy. Several authors assert that this lack is because SG standards and guidelines have not been developed. There is an imbalance between experts’ contributions to education and game design specialists for the SG development. Not all the SGs that have been developed have applied appropriate design methodologies that incorporate both the entertainment mechanics and the serious component. To ensure that an SG meets the user’s expectations, it must be designed using an appropriate method. This work aims to present iPlus, a methodology for designing SGs based on a participatory, flexible, and user-centered approach. Additionally, this paper analyses several case studies with the iPlus methodology.
A Parametric Study of a Deep Reinforcement Learning Control System Applied to the Swing-Up Problem of the Cart-Pole
Authors: Manrique Escobar Camilo Andrés , Pappalardo Carmine Maria , Guida Domenico
Published: December 2020

In this investigation, the nonlinear swing-up problem associated with the cart-pole system modeled as a multibody dynamical system is solved by developing a deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) controller. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the deep RL controller applied to the cart-pole swing-up problem is carried out. To this end, the influence of modifying the physical properties of the system and the presence of dry friction forces are analyzed employing the cumulative reward during the task. Extreme limits for the modifications of the parameters are determined to prove that the neural network architecture employed in this work features enough learning capability to handle the task under modifications as high as 90% on the pendulum mass, as well as a 100% increment on the cart mass. As expected, the presence of dry friction greatly affects the performance of the controller. However, a post-training of the agent in the modified environment takes only thirty-nine episodes to find the optimal control policy, resulting in a promising path for further developments of robust controllers.
Differences in Body Fat, Body Mass Index, and Physical Performance of Specific Field Tests in 10-to-12-Year-Old School-Aged Team Handball Players
Authors: Hermassi Souhail , Sellami Maha , Fieseler Georg , Bouhafs El Ghali , Hayes Lawrence D. , Schwesig René
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to compare 10-to-12-year-old Qatari male athletes and assess body fat, body mass index, and physical fitness, as well as the difference of these measures between ages. Thirty-five youth handball players volunteered for the investigation and were divided into three groups: 12-year-old players (U12; n = 12), 11-year-old players (U11; n = 11), 10-year-old players (U10; n = 12). Anthropometry was assessed by body mass, body fat percentage (%BF), and body mass index (BMI). Measurements included the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1), jumping ability (squat and countermovement jumps (SJ and CMJ, respectively)), and sprint tests (10 and 15 m). The power of the upper extremity was measured by a 2-kg overhead medicine ball throw for distance. Except for %BF (p = 0.387) and BMI (p = 0.070), all anthropometric and demographic parameters were different between age groups. The largest differences were found for body mass (p = 0.007) and body height (p = 0.008). Regarding fitness parameters, only the medicine ball throw (p = 0.022) was different between age groups (U10 vs. U12: p = 0.009; U11 vs. U12: p = 0.048). There was no difference between groups for jumping (CMJ: p = 0.586; SJ: p = 0.377), sprinting (10 m: p = 0.211; 15 m: p = 0.194) and Yo-Yo IR1 (p = 0.228). Body fat was the anthropometric parameter with the strongest relationship with physical performance in that lower body fat was related to superior jumping performance and sprint performance. In conclusion, except for %BF and BMI, all anthropometric parameters were different between U10, U11, and U12 handball players. For physical parameters, jumping, sprinting, and endurance performance were not different between age groups. From a practical perspective, coaches can use these findings as reference for the evaluation of their school-aged handball players, as well as for establishing performance goals.
Atmospheric Concentrations and Health Implications of PAHs, PCBs and PCDD/Fs in the Vicinity of a Heavily Industrialized Site in Greece
Authors: Koukoulakis Konstantinos G. , Kanellopoulos Panagiotis George , Chrysochou Eirini , Costopoulou Danae , Vassiliadou Irene , Leondiadis Leondios , Bakeas Evangelos
Published: December 2020

Background: Thriassion Plain is considered the most industrialized area in Greece and thus a place where emissions of pollutants are expected to be elevated, leading to the degradation of air quality. Methods: Simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was performed in PM10 samples. SPSS statistical package was employed for statistical analysis and source apportionment purposes. Cancer risk was estimated from total persistent organic pollutants’ (POPs) dataset according to the available literature. Results: POPs concentrations in particulate matter were measured in similar levels compared to other studies in Greece and worldwide, with mean concentrations of ΣPAHs, ΣPCDD/Fs, dioxin like PCBs, and indicator PCBs being 7.07 ng m−3, 479 fg m−3, 1634 fg m−3, and 18.1 pg m−3, respectively. Seasonal variations were observed only for PAHS with higher concentrations during cold period. MDRs, D/F ratios, and principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted combustions as the main source of POPs’ emissions. Estimation of particles’ carcinogenic and mutagenic potential indicates the increased toxicity of PM10 during cold periods, and cancer risk assessment concludes that 3 to 4 people out of 100,000 may suffer from cancer due to POPs’ inhalation. Conclusions: Increased cancer risk for citizens leads to the necessity of chronic POPs’ monitoring in Thriassion Plain, and such strategies have to be a priority for Greek environmental authorities.