bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of optimal prostate biopsy: indications and techniques
Authors: Streicher Justin , Meyerson Brian Lee , Karivedu Vidhya , Sidana Abhinav
Published: August 2019

Prostate biopsy is the gold standard diagnostic technique for the detection of prostate cancer. Patient selection for prostate biopsy is complex and is influenced by emerging use of prebiopsy imaging. The introduction of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion prostate biopsy has clear advantages over the historical standard of care. There are several biopsy techniques currently utilized with unique advantages and disadvantages. We review and summarize the current body of literature pertaining to when and how a prostate biopsy should be performed. We discuss current recommendations regarding patient selection for biopsy and discuss future directions regarding prebiopsy imaging. We offer a description of the MRI–TRUS fusion biopsy technique and a comparison of many of the currently available fusion software platforms. Articles pertaining to the title were obtained via PubMed index search with relevant keywords supplemented with personal collection of related publications. Prostate biopsy should be considered for patients with gross digital rectal exam (DRE) abnormality, patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) greater than 4 ng/ml, and concomitant risk factors for prostate cancer or patients with lesions identified on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System 2 (PI-RADS2) score of 4 or 5. MRI–TRUS fusion biopsy has demonstrated advantages in cancer detection when compared with TRUS-guided biopsy. There are currently several fusion software platforms available with a variety of biopsy approaches. Future efforts should detail the role of prebiopsy imaging as a triage tool for prostate biopsy. Consensus should be sought regarding the preferred modality of fusion biopsy. Additional data describing each fusion software platform would enable a more rigorous comparison of platform sensitivities.
Phytochemical Investigations of Laurel Fruits (Laurus nobilis)
Authors: Petkova Zhana , Stefanova Galina , Girova Tania , Antova Ginka , Stoyanova Magdalena , Damianova Stanka , Gochev Velizar , Stoyanova Albena , Zheljazkov Valtcho D.
Published: August 2019

Bay laurel ( Laurus nobilis L.) is an evergreen tree. The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition (polyphenols, essential oil [EO], lipid fraction, cellulose, and protein content) of laurel fruits collected from Greece (Mount Athos) and Georgia (the village of Meria), and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of laurel fruit EOs. The major phenolic acids in the fruits from Greece were p-coumaric acid (free 261.6 µg/g) and vanillic acid (free 253.1 µg/g and conjugated 925.8 µg/g). The major phenolic acids in fruits from Georgia were vanillic acid (free 105.6 µg/g and caffeic acid [conjugated 439.2 µg/g], and syringic acid [conjugated 390.7 µg/g]). The laurel fruit EOs from Greece (1.4% content) and Georgia (1.6%) had distinct composition. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were the dominant group of compounds in the EOs, with 49.7% in the EO from Greece and 68.7% in the EO from Georgia. The major constituents of the fruit EO from Greece were 1,8-cineole (18.2%), α-phellandrene (15.0 %), β-pinene (9.4%), and α -pinene (9.1%), whereas the ones from Georgia were trans-β-ocimene (59.4%) and 1,8-cineole (7.6%). Laurel fruit EO from Greece and Georgia demonstrated low to moderate antimicrobial activity against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms and the dimorphic yeast Candida albicans. The main fatty acids (FAs) in the lipid fractions were oleic, palmitic, and linoleic; there were differences in FA composition between the shells and the seeds of the fruits from the two countries. γ-Тocopherol predominated in the tocopherol fraction of the lipids from fruits shells and seeds from Greece (65.3% and 54.4%, respectively), whereas β-tocopherol predominated in fruits shells and seeds from Georgia (93.7% and 45.6%, respectively). Currently underutilized, the laurel fruits from both Greece and Georgia contain various valuable compounds that may potentially be used for perfumery, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications.
Trim the fat: the role of omega-3 fatty acids in psychopharmacology
Authors: Nasir Madeeha , Bloch Michael H.
Published: August 2019

The American Psychiatric Association (APA) currently recommends the use of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for depressive disorders, impulse-control disorders, and psychotic disorders in treatment guidelines. This review examines the evidence for efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids in depressive disorders, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and psychosis. Meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials of omega-3 fatty acids for depression are inconclusive, with strong evidence of publication bias, sizable heterogeneity between included studies, and substantial methodological shortcomings in included trials. The large amount of heterogeneity in findings of RCTs of omega-3 fatty acids for unipolar depression is likely attributable to highly heterogeneous sample populations that are given different omega-3 supplements [which differ widely in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content, ratio, and dosage] as either adjunctive or monotherapy of other existing treatments, and then measure several different outcomes of depression symptomatology with likely incomplete blinding. Evidence of efficacy of omega-3 supplementation in treating psychosis, PTSD, anxiety, and bipolar mania is minimal. The current guidelines recommending the use of omega-3 fatty acids in adulthood psychiatric conditions should be revisited, especially given several recent negative studies examining the effects of omega-3 fatty acids for cardiovascular disease. Recommending likely ineffective treatment to patients, no matter how benign the side-effect profile, has opportunity cost (e.g. other more effective medications or therapies not being utilized) and likely affects patient compliance with other evidence-based treatments.
Papillary renal cell carcinoma: what is missing in research? A case report and a review of literature
Authors: Eldessouki Ihab , Gaber Ola , Shehata Mahmoud A , Namad Tariq , Atallah Joseph , Masineni Harsha , Abdel Karim Nagla
Published: August 2019

The incidence of renal cell carcinomas in adults ranges has been increasing over the past decades in both men and women. Once the incidence was 2.9%, now is reported to have increased to 3%–5% with male predominance according to the most recent reports of cancer statistics. The disease typically describes a group of different histopathological subtypes; the most common is clear cell carcinoma which accounts for 70%–80% of the diagnosed cases, while papillary renal cell carcinoma and chromophobe types represent 20% and 5%, respectively. In 1996, the renal cell carcinomas Heidelberg classification was introduced by Delahunt et al. It divides renal cell tumors into benign and malignant parenchymal neoplasms, excluding Wilm’s tumor and secondary metastases and limiting each subcategory to the most commonly documented genetic abnormalities, if applicable. In this report, we discuss a case of metastatic type I papillary renal cell carcinoma treated with the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor sunitinib and showing marked long-term clinical response. Through this case, we highlight the importance of re-classifying papillary renal cell carcinoma subtypes to prioritize the clinical management of these cases.
Differences that don’t make much difference: Party asymmetry in open-minded cognitive styles has little relationship to information processing behavior
Authors: Eichmeier April , Stenhouse Neil
Published: August 2019

We investigated the link between party identification and several cognitive styles that are associated with open-minded thinking. We used a web-based survey which involved participants rating the strength of an argument they initially disagreed with. Results showed that Democrats tend to score higher and Republicans tend to score lower on open-minded cognitive style variables. However, mediation analyses showed that these partisan differences in cognitive style generally have negligible relationships with how individuals assess the strength of arguments they disagree with. In other words, partisan differences in cognitive style may often make little meaningful difference to information processing.
Struggles over property in the ‘post-political’ era: Notes on the political from Rome and Dublin
Authors: Di Feliciantonio Cesare , O’Callaghan Cian
Published: August 2019

Geographical analyses on protests against austerity politics using the framework of post-politics have proliferated in recent years, mostly building on the work of Jacques Rancière and his conceptualisation of the political and the police order. The paper continues this tradition but seeks to move beyond those analyses reducing the political gesture to a ‘rare’ and ‘heroic’ act. It does so by bridging the work of Rancière with the work of Jean-Luc Nancy, developing two main arguments. The first one concerns the local and situated dimension of the political moment; the second concerns the dialectical relation between the police order and its disruption, while at the same time viewing insurgent acts as part of a chain of perpetual acts that destabilise the police order, which moreover are the inevitable outcome of its excess. These theoretical arguments are developed in relation to the analysis of the trajectory of disruptive politics around vacant property in Dublin and Rome. In both cities, several contentious political initiatives around property emerged as a response to the crisis and austerity politics, but they were unable to translate into bigger movements. To account for this, the paper identifies two main factors: the limited violence of the crisis in terms of evictions and foreclosures, and the instrumental use of ‘legality’ and ‘rules’ by the police order. Nevertheless, we argue, activist engagements with vacant property can be considered as examples of ‘world forming’ that create the possibilities for further disruptive politics.
Cholangioscopy-guided steroid injection for refractory post liver transplant anastomotic strictures: a rescue case series
Authors: Franzini Tomazo , Sagae Vitor M.T. , Guedes Hugo G. , Sakai Paulo , Waisberg Daniel R. , Andraus Wellington , D’Albuquerque Luiz A.C. , Sethi Amrita , de Moura Eduardo G.H.
Published: August 2019

Background and aims:

Post liver transplant biliary anastomotic strictures have traditionally been treated with balloon dilation and multiple plastic stents. Fully covered self-expandable metallic stents may be used as an initial alternative or after multiple plastic stents failure. Refractory strictures can occur in 10–22% and require revisional surgery. Alternatively, cholangioscopy allows direct visualization and therapeutic approaches. We aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of balloon dilation combined with cholangioscopy-guided steroid injection for the treatment of refractory anastomotic biliary strictures.

Methods:

Three post-orthotopic liver transplant patients who failed standard treatment of their biliary anastomotic strictures underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with balloon dilation followed by cholangioscopy-guided steroid injection at a tertiary care center. Patients had follow-up with images and laboratorial tests to evaluate for residual stricture.

Results:

Technical success of balloon dilation + cholangioscopy-guided steroid injection was achieved in all patients. Cholangioscopy permitted accurate evaluation of bile ducts and precise localization for steroid injection. No adverse events occurred. Mean follow-up was 26 months. Two patients are stent free and remain well in follow-up, with no signs of biliary obstruction. No further therapeutic endoscopic procedures or revisional surgery were required. One patient did not respond to balloon dilation + cholangioscopy-guided steroid injection after 11 months of follow-up and required repeat balloon dilation of new strictures above the anastomosis.

Conclusion:

Cholangioscopy-guided steroid injection combined with balloon dilation in the treatment of refractory post liver transplant strictures is feasible and safe. This method may be used as a rescue alternative before surgical approach. Randomized controlled trials comparing balloon dilation + cholangioscopy-guided steroid injection to fully covered self-expandable metallic stents are needed to determine the role of this treatment for anastomotic biliary strictures.
Sonographic Findings in Adult Congenital Madelung Deformity: A Case Study
Authors: Créteur Viviane , Madani Afarine , Bianchi Stefano
Published: August 2019

This case study describes six sonographic findings, with correlative imaging, in an adult patient with congenital Madelung deformity. Two are typical of congenital Madelung deformity: a thick volar hyperechoic band extending from the ulnar side of the distal radius toward the lunate-triquetrum area, the so-called Vickers ligament, adjacent to the radiotriquetral ligament, and a cortical defect on the ulnar and volar side of the distal radius. Other findings may be also observed, such as a narrowed distance between the Lister tubercle and the distal radioulnar joint, a dorsal subluxation of the ulnar head, an extensor tendons entrapment and pronator quadratus modifications. Although the diagnosis of congenital Madelung deformity is based usually on clinical examination, this rare malformation may remain undiscovered until adulthood. When sonography is used as the first imaging technique, the sonographic findings of congenital Madelung deformity can facilitate diagnosis and the appropriate radiographs.
Progression of Disease Within 24 Months in Follicular Lymphoma Is Associated With Reduced Intratumoral Immune Infiltration
Authors: Tobin Joshua W.D. , Keane Colm , Gunawardana Jay , Mollee Peter , Birch Simone , Hoang Thanh , Lee Justina , Li Li , Huang Li , Murigneux Valentine , Fink J. Lynn , Matigian Nicholas , Vari Frank , Francis Santiyagu , Kridel Robert , Weigert Oliver , Haebe Sarah , Jurinovic Vindi , Klapper Wolfram , Steidl Christian , Sehn Laurie H. , Law Soi-Cheng , Wykes Michelle N. , Gandhi Maher K.
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

Understanding the immunobiology of the 15% to 30% of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) who experience progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) remains a priority. Solid tumors with low levels of intratumoral immune infiltration have inferior outcomes. It is unknown whether a similar relationship exists between POD24 in FL.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Digital gene expression using a custom code set—five immune effector, six immune checkpoint, one macrophage molecules—was applied to a discovery cohort of patients with early- and advanced-stage FL (n = 132). T-cell receptor repertoire analysis, flow cytometry, multispectral immunofluorescence, and next-generation sequencing were performed. The immune infiltration profile was validated in two independent cohorts of patients with advanced-stage FL requiring systemic treatment (n = 138, rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone; n = 45, rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone), with the latter selected to permit comparison of patients experiencing a POD24 event with those having no progression at 5 years or more.

RESULTS

Immune molecules showed distinct clustering, characterized by either high or low expression regardless of categorization as an immune effector, immune checkpoint, or macrophage molecule. Low programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) was the most sensitive/specific marker to segregate patients with adverse outcomes; therefore, PD-L2 expression was chosen to distinguish immune infiltrationHI (ie, high PD-L2) FL biopsies from immune infiltrationLO (ie, low PD-L2) tumors. Immune infiltrationHI tissues were highly infiltrated with macrophages and expanded populations of T-cell clones. Of note, the immune infiltrationLO subset of patients with FL was enriched for POD24 events (odds ratio [OR], 4.32; c-statistic, 0.81; P = .001), validated in the independent cohorts (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone: OR, 2.95; c-statistic, 0.75; P = .011; and rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone: OR, 7.09; c-statistic, 0.88; P = .011). Mutations were equally proportioned across tissues, which indicated that degree of immune infiltration is capturing aspects of FL biology distinct from its mutational profile.

CONCLUSION

Assessment of immune-infiltration by PD-L2 expression is a promising tool with which to help identify patients who are at risk for POD24.
Nature as Norm in Medieval Medical Discussions of Maternal Breastfeeding and Wet-Nursing
Authors: van der Lugt Maaike
Published: August 2019

Medieval discussions about breastfeeding were saturated with moral and social meanings and arguments about how a good mother should behave and what makes for a happy, healthy baby. At the center was the question of who should breastfeed, the mother or a wet nurse. While the church sanctioned maternal breastfeeding as a moral norm, recourse to wet nurses was the norm for elites, and the custom spread in the later Middle Ages to the middling segments of society. Medieval physicians formulated their advice according to their understanding of the moral and normative authority of nature, but also in complex dialogue with contemporary pastoral theory and moral philosophy (which rejected wet-nursing), as well as contemporary social practices, values, and beliefs. Physicians recognized maternal breastfeeding as the best and most natural option because of the physiological continuity between gestation and lactation, yet their advice was adapted to the social realities of their patrons and patients by giving guidance about choosing a good wet nurse and controling her manner of life. Contrary to what is often claimed or supposed, the notion that the milk of amoral and bad-mannered wet nurses might lead to the degeneration of children did not originate from Galenic physiology but from nonmedical sources. Physicians themselves were reticent about attributing quasi-hereditary powers to mother’s milk, insisting instead on the dangers of neglect in the care of infants.
Regulation and Documentation Internal Audit
Authors: Бондина Наталья , Bondina Natal'ya , Бондин Игорь , Bondin Igor' , Егорова Юлия , Egorova Yuliya
Published: August 2019

Th e article presents the results of the analysis of practical issues of regulation of the activities of the internal audit service and increasing the importance of using for draft ing internal audit procedures working documents developed in accordance with the requirements of the International Standards on Auditing.
Professional income tax or patent: a comparative analysis of two special tax regimes for the self-employed
Authors: Бобошко Диана , Boboshko Diana
Published: August 2019

Th e article identifi es the advantages and disadvantages of the two tax regimes for self-employed citizens on the basis of a patent and income tax, defi nes the criteria for comparison, gives recommendations on their application, considering the specifi cs of regional legislation.
Photosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticle – Carbon Quantum Dots Nanocomposites
Authors: Mai Xuan-Dung , Le Quang-Trung , Thi Lan-Anh Nguyen , Thi Phuong Nguyen , Thi Phuong Le , La Viet-Hong
Published: August 2019

Nanocomposites (NCs) of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been received increasing attention for diverse applications including sensing, photocatalyst, surface enhanced Raman scattering detection and antibacterial. Herein, we report a unique photosynthesis of Ag NPs-CQD using CQDs as photo-reducing agent. Highly luminescent CQDs were prepared by a hydrothermal method using a mixture of citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA) as starting precursors. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies confirmed the formation of NCs. We have demonstrated that the formation of Ag NPs accompanied with the degradation of surface fluorophores, which responded for the resolved absorption peak at ca. 346 nm and high luminescence of pristine CQDs. The NCs showed excellent antibacterial affinity to Escherichia coli. The results provide new understandings on the interactions between CQDs and silver ions as well as potential applications of Ag NP – CQD nanocomposites.
Existence of standing waves for quasi-linear Schrödinger equations on T
n
Authors: Zhao Xin , Yan Weiping
Published: August 2019

This paper is devoted to the study of the existence of standing waves for a class of quasi-linear Schrödinger equations on T

n
with dimension n ≥ 3. By construction of a suitable Nash-Moser-type iteration scheme, we overcome the clusters of “small divisor” problem, then the existence of standing waves for quasi-linear Schrödinger equations is established.
Solar photodegradation of carbamazepine from aqueous solutions using a compound parabolic concentrator equipped with a sun tracking system
Authors: Yazdanbakhsh Ahmadreza , Nemati Reza , Massoudinejad Mohamadreza , Jafari Mohamadjavad , Dashtdar Masoomeh
Published: August 2019

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of a Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC) equipped with a sun tracking system in the photolysis of carbamazepine as a refractory organic compound. The natural sunlight experiments were accomplished during the period May–July 2017 in Tehran, Iran. The intermediate by-products of the process of solar photodegradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) were characterized using LC–MS. The results showed that increasing the reactor temperature did not significantly change CBZ degradation efficiency. However, the solution pH played a comparatively important role in CBZ solar photo degradation: removal efficiency increased considerably with pH from about 49% at pH 7 to almost 61% at pH 9. According to our findings, using a CPC reactor equipped with a sun tracker system promotes the solar photo-transformation rate of CBZ by 2-3 fold. In addition, LC/MS analysis showed that eight main intermediates were formed in the treated solution after solar photodegradation of CBZ. Therefore, complete mineralization of CBZ was not accomplished.
Impact of storage temperature and time on Moldavian dragonhead oil – spectroscopic and chemometric analysis
Authors: Oniszczuk Tomasz , Matwijczuk Arkadiusz , Matwijczuk Alicja , Kocira Sławomir , Niemczynowicz Agnieszka , Combrzyński Maciej , Wójtowicz Agnieszka , Kuboń Maciej , Kusz Andrzej , Oniszczuk Anna
Published: August 2019

Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) is a plant endemic to Asia where it has been used for centuries for the production of essential oils. With the constantly growing demand for vegetable fats it is necessary to find new methods of ensuring their high quality from the moment of production until their eventual purchase by the consumer. Correct assessment of the quality of oleaginous products is therefore one of the intensively explored scientific problems that stimulates the development of innovative methods of analysing such substances. One of the newer and, most importantly, faster alternatives in the context of analysing the quality of oil and the changes it undergoes during storage is offered by FTIR spectroscopy (Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy). By measuring the relevant FTIR spectra, we were able to observe clear discrepancies in the intensity of bands characteristic of the aging processes taking place in the oleaginous samples due to the oxidation of their fat fractions. The chemometric analysis of FTIR spectra confirmed the high quality of the analysed oils. It is noteworthy that the analysed samples of Moldavian dragonhead oil did not show particularly extensive changes in terms of their FTIR spectra during long-term storage. It confirms their high durability and usability in food production as an excellent product. This is valuable information in order to make progress in the use of Moldavian dragonhead oil in food products.
Crouzeix–Raviart Finite Element Approximation for the Parabolic Obstacle Problem
Authors: Gudi Thirupathi , Majumder Papri
Published: August 2019

We introduce and study a fully discrete nonconforming finite element approximation for a parabolic variational inequality associated with a general obstacle problem.
The method comprises of the Crouzeix–Raviart finite element method for space discretization and implicit backward Euler scheme for time discretization.
We derive an error estimate of optimal order

𝒪
⁢

(

h
+

Δ
⁢
t

)

{\mathcal{O}(h+\Delta t)}

in a certain energy norm defined precisely in the article. We only assume the realistic regularity

u
t

∈

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
T
;

L
2

⁢

(
Ω
)

)

{u_{t}\in L^{2}(0,T;L^{2}(\Omega))}

and moreover the analysis is performed without any assumptions on the speed of propagation of the free boundary. We present a numerical experiment to illustrate the theoretical order of convergence derived in the article.
Simulative Parametric Study on Heterojunction Thin Film Solar Cells Incorporating Interfacial Nanoclusters Layer
Authors: Grover Megha , Nehra Monika , Kedia Deepak
Published: August 2019

Organic solar cells deal with small organic molecules for absorption of light at low cost and high efficiency. In this paper, we have analyzed the photovoltaic (PV) characteristics of double heterojunction solar cell that consists of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole (PTCBI) thin films. Here, CuPc and PTCBI layers are combined by an interfacial layer consisting of nanoscale dots. Different plasmonic materials (i. e. Ag, Au, and graphene) are selected as alternative nanoscale dot layer to examine their effect on solar cell performance. Further, the solar cell performance is also examined via variation in active layer thickness. The choice of interfacial layer material and variation in active layer thickness offer grounds for future efficient PV cells.
Research note: negative news and late-night comedy about presidential candidates
Authors: Baumgartner Jody C , Lichter S. Robert , Morris Jonathan S.
Published: August 2019

In this paper we explore the creation of jokes told on late night talk shows targeted at major party nominees for president from 1992–2008. We hypothesize that the number of jokes told about candidates are related to variations in polling numbers, mainstream media coverage, and party identification of the candidates. Our results show a positive relationship between the number of jokes told at a candidate’s expense and the amount of negative news coverage about the candidate. In addition, we find that Republicans are targeted with more frequency than Democrats. Results suggest that favorability ratings and whether or not a presidential candidate is an incumbent has no effect on the number of jokes targeting a candidate.
Von zwîv(e)l(e)n zu zweifeln
Authors: Schmitt Eleonore
Published: August 2019

Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Variation von Verben mit zweisilbigem Stamm auf l im Infinitiv zwischen voller Form (zweifelen), Synkope in der ersten Schwa-Silbe (zweiflen) und Synkope in der zweiten Schwa-Silbe (zweifeln) anhand von Korpusuntersuchungen im Referenzkorpus Mittelhochdeutsch sowie im Deutschen Textarchiv. Es zeigt sich, dass Verben mit zweisilbigem Stamm ein niederfrequentes Phänomen darstellen. Die volle Form überwiegt im Mittelhochdeutschen deutlich, während sie im Frühneuhochdeutschen von der Synkope in der zweiten Schwa-Silbe abgelöst wurde. Synkopen in der ersten Schwa-Silbe lassen sich – konform mit dem Silbenkontaktgesetz – vornehmlich im 17. und frühen 18. Jahrhundert systematisch für Verben beobachten, deren erste Stammsilbe auf Nasal oder vokalisiertem r endet.
Einflussfaktoren auf die Messung mit Rohranlegethermometern / Influences on the measurement with pipe clamp thermometers
Authors: Pufke Michael , Fröhlich Thomas
Published: August 2019

Rohranlegethermometer stellen eine spezielle Bauform der an Oberflächen messenden Berührungsthermometer dar. Ziel der Messung ist i. A. die Bestimmung der Mediumstemperatur im Inneren eines durchströmten Rohres. Die vorliegende Arbeit zeigt, dass bei der Messung mit Rohranlegethermometern stets eine genaue Kenntnis der Eigenschaften des Gesamtsystems, bestehend aus Medium, Rohr, Thermometer mit Kontaktwiderstand und Umgebung, erforderlich ist.
Atomic force microscope with an adjustable probe direction and piezoresistive cantilevers operated in tapping-mode / Im Tapping-Modus betriebenes Rasterkraftmikroskop mit einstellbarer Antastrichtung und piezoresistiven Cantilevern
Authors: Schaude Janik , Albrecht Julius , Klöpzig Ute , Gröschl Andreas C. , Hausotte Tino
Published: August 2019

This article presents a new tilting atomic force microscope (AFM) with an adjustable probe direction and piezoresistive cantilever operated in tapping-mode. The AFM is based on two rotational axes, which enable the adjustment of the probe direction to cover a complete hemisphere. The whole setup is integrated into a nano measuring machine (NMM-1) and the metrological traceability of the piezoresistive cantilever is warranted by in situ calibration on the NMM-1. To demonstrate the capabilities of the tilting AFM, measurements were conducted on a step height standard.
About the need for optical gear measurements using a beam diversion mechanism in order to obtain truthful surface texture parameters / Beurteilung der Notwendigkeit einer Strahlumlenkung für optische Zahnradmessungen zur Bestimmung korrekter Oberflächentexturkennwerte
Authors: Müller Andreas Michael , Hausotte Tino
Published: August 2019

In dem folgenden Artikel konnte anhand verschiedener Messreihen gezeigt werden, dass die optische Erfassung von Bauteiloberflächen unter verschiedenen Betrachtungswinklen auch zu unterschiedlichen Oberflächentexturkennwerten führt. Die Ergebnisse rechtfertigen die Entwicklung einer daraufhin angepassten messtechnischen Erfassung von Zahnradflanken mit Hilfe einer optischen Strahlumlenkung.
Pavement distress detection by stereo vision / Straßenzustandserkennung durch stereoskopische Bildverarbeitung
Authors: Brunken Hauke , Gühmann Clemens
Published: August 2019

For road maintenance up-to-date information about road conditions is important. Such information is currently expensive to obtain. Specially equipped measuring vehicles have to perform surface scans of the road, and it is unclear how to automatically Ąnd faulty sections in these scans. This research solves the problem by stereo vision with cameras mounted behind the windshield of a moving vehicle so that the system can easily be integrated into a large number of vehicles. The stereo images are processed into a depth map of the road surface. In a second step, color images from the cameras are combined with the depth map and are classified by a convolutional neural network. It is shown that the developed system is able to Ąnd defects that require knowledge about surface deformations. These defects could not have been found on monocular images. The images are taken at usual driving speed.
Wide input range, fully-differential indirect current feedback instrumentation amplifier for self-x sensory systems / Symmetrischer Instrumentierungsverstärker mit indirekter Stromgegenkopplung und hoher Eingangsignalspanne für integrierte Sensorsysteme mit Self-x-Eigenschaften
Authors: Alraho Senan , König Andreas
Published: August 2019

This paper research presents the design of wide input range indirect current feedback-instrumentation amplifier (CFIA). In order to extend the input range without sacrificing the amplifier performance, the negative feedback is applied to the source coupled differential pairs inputs. The feedback network and the biasing current can be programmed to work at different values to meet different signal conditions or to self-correct the drift in the amplifier properties. The simulated input range Vin; P-P=1.6 V with total harmonic distortion of 0.93 % at 5 MHz frequency. Thus the proposed CFIA is very suitable to read the high speed and high common mode range TMR differential voltage sensor signal. The circuit is implemented using the CMOS 0.35 μm technology from Austriamicrosystems (AMS) and by using Cadence Virtuoso design tools.
Echtzeittemperaturmessung bei additivem Lichtbogenschweißen / Real-time temperature measurement at wire arc additive welding
Authors: Richter Andreas , Rembe Christian , Gehling Tobias , Treutler Kai , Wesling Volker
Published: August 2019

Bei additivem Lichtbogenschweißen (Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing - WAAM) hängt die Qualität des Materialauftrags von Prozessparametern wie der Schmelzbadtemperatur ab. Für eine Echtzeit- Prozessmessung muss die Temperatur des flüssigen Metalls durch den Lichtbogen gemessen werden. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir eine Methode vor, mit der die Temperatur berührungslos mit hoher räumlicher Auflösung gemessen werden kann. Dazu wird die Strahlung des Plasmas mittels schmalbandiger Filter unterdrückt und die Temperatur mit einem Pyrometer gemessen. Die Ausgabe erfolgt innerhalb einer für die Prozessregelung geforderten Latenz von 100 ms.
Evaluation und Korrektur thermischer Driften eines hochfrequent fokusabstandsmodulierten, fasergekoppelten konfokalen Punktsensors / Evaluation and correction of thermal drifts using a high-speed focal-distance-modulated fibre-coupled confocal sensor
Authors: Gröschl Andreas C. , Schaude Janik , Hausotte Tino
Published: August 2019

In diesem Artikel wird die Messpräzision eines hochfrequent fokusabstandsmodulierten, fasergekoppelten Konfokalsensors unter temperaturstabilen Bedingungen bestimmt. Insbesondere in der Mikro- und Nanomesstechnik verursachen thermische Driften signifikante Messabweichungen. Diese lassen sich bei wiederholten Messungen zwar zu einem großen Teil korrigieren, innerhalb einer Messung ist dies bisher jedoch nicht möglich. Das verwendete Nanokoordinatenmesssystem (NMM-1) wurde daher um eine Temperierhaube erweitert, um thermische Driften zu minimieren. Weiterhin wird die Temperatur mittels kalibrierter Pt100-Temperatursensoren während der Messungen erfasst, um die Korrelation des Messergebnisses und der Temperatur quantitativ zu bestimmen. Inwiefern die Korrektur des Messergebnisses anhand der aufgenommenen Temperatur möglich ist, wird in diesem Artikel evaluiert.
Strategische Prozessführung
Authors: Hahn Lisa
Published: August 2019

Gerichtsverfahren werden nicht nur zur Lösung individueller Rechtskonflikte, sondern auch für politische Zwecke genutzt. In der rechtspolitischen Diskussion in Deutschland wird ein solches Vorgehen neuerdings mit dem Begriff „strategische Prozessführung“ bezeichnet. Allerdings ist weitgehend ungeklärt, was genau ein Verfahren „strategisch“ macht. Dieser Frage geht der Beitrag nach. Es wird argumentiert, dass sich aus den bislang in Deutschland entwickelten Begriffsverständnissen und der heterogenen Rechtspraxis, die als „strategische Prozessführung“ beschrieben wird, nicht ohne Weiteres analytisch tragfähige Kriterien ergeben. Ein wissenschaftliches Konzept strategischer Prozessführung sollte vielmehr dem Umstand Rechnung tragen, dass Gerichtsverfahren nicht nur progressive Instrumente sind, sondern auch zur Perpetuierung gesellschaftlicher Machtverhältnisse eingesetzt werden. Eine Spurensuche nach zusätzlichen Begriffsmerkmalen führt in die internationale und US-amerikanische Rechtspraxis und -forschung, die als Ursprünge des Phänomens der strategischen Prozessführung gelten. In Konzepten wiepublic interest litigation (PIL)undstrategic (human rights) litigationsind Verfahren dann strategisch, wenn sie dem Gemeinwohl oder dem Menschenrechtsschutz dienen. Doch bleiben auch diese Konzepte zu unbestimmt. Die Einbettung exemplarischer Fälle in rechtssoziologische Forschung hingegen führt zu weiteren Merkmalen jenseits normativer Ziele: die Beteiligung organisierter Akteure sowie der Einsatz von Prozessführung als Methode des kontinuierlichen Monitorings. Darin liegt ein Perspektivwechsel von den Zielen zur Form. Der Beitrag schlägt daher vor, strategische Prozessführung alsModusder Mobilisierung von Recht durchKlagekollektivezu verstehen.
Ausländerbehörden und Ungleichheit: Unklare Identität junger Geflüchteter und der Zugang zu Ausbildung
Authors: Bauer Angela , Schreyer Franziska
Published: August 2019

Beginnend 2009 wurde der Ausbildungsmarkt in Deutschland für viele junge Geflüchtete mit dem prekären aufenthaltsrechtlichen Status der Duldung geöffnet. Voraussetzung für eine betriebliche Ausbildung bleibt aber eine Beschäftigungserlaubnis durch die Ausländerbehörde. Damit hat diese Institution zentrale Bedeutung bei der Implementation des teils geänderten Rechts.

Der Beitrag fokussiert auf diejenigen Geflüchteten mit Duldung, deren Identitätsangaben von (Ausländer-)Behörden zumindest teilweise angezweifelt werden und deren Ausbildung daher gefährdet ist. Er beleuchtet das bislang kaum erforschte Phänomen der ‚ungeklärten Identität‘ sowie dessen Hintergründe und arbeitet Faktoren heraus, die im Prozess der aufenthaltsrechtlichen Identitätsklärung im Kontext des Zugangs zu Ausbildung wirksam werden. Dieser Prozess kann bei diesen Geflüchteten zentral für die (Nicht-)Erteilung der Beschäftigungserlaubnis beziehungsweise – allgemeiner – für die (Nicht-)Überwindung ungleichheitserzeugender rechtlicher Kategorisierungen sein. Damit können längerfristige gesellschaftliche Einschlüsse bis hin zur Einbürgerung und Ausschlüsse bis hin zur Abschiebung einhergehen. Empirische Basis des Beitrags bilden Experteninterviews in Ausländerbehörden als institutionellegatekeeper, ergänzt durch leitfadengestützte Interviews und Gruppendiskussionen mit Expertinnen und Experten aus Beratungsstellen und dem Schulsystem sowie rechtliche Dokumente (z. B. Gesetzestexte, Verordnungen). Die Inhaltsanalysen verweisen auf eine komplexe und miteinander verzahnte Gemengelage ungleichheitserzeugender wie -abbauender Dimensionen, die vor Ort in Ausländerbehörden unterschiedlich zum Tragen kommen und bearbeitet werden. Daraus resultieren hochgradig ungleiche Aufstiegschancen und Abstiegsrisiken dieser jungen Menschen in der Hierarchie dercivic stratification.
Aneinander-Vorbeigehen – Eine Interaktionsanalyse flüchtiger urbaner Begegnungen
Authors: Steger Antonia
Published: August 2019

Public space can be understood as a place where strangers encounter each other in certain ways. This has been the common conceptual understanding of the public sphere in sociology and urban studies since Georg Simmel (cf. works by Jane Jacobs, William H. Whyte, Hans Paul Bahrdt, Jan Gehl, Richard Sennett, and many more). However, this understanding of public space often centers around unclear notions of how these encounters are interactively structured. So far, research on this topic has mainly addressed what Goffman termed focused interactions, such as talks between strangers in public. His notion of unfocused interactions, for fleeting encounters, has yet to receive adequate academic attention. Thus, the aim of this article is to engage in an in-depth empirical study of fleeting encounters in public places by drawing on three examples of people passing each other along city streets. Based on video recordings, the multimodal interaction analysis shows that when people pass each other they engage in interactional processes expressed through bodily dimensions, which carry specific social implications. Gaze, along with other visually accessible bodily behaviors, is the most important interactive resource people use to make themselves accountable for passing strangers without making contact. The analysis suggests that through passing each other, strangers generate specific kinds of interactive relations that are typical within the public sphere. Fleeting encounters thus prove to be highly structured, interactively achieved processes through which strangers establish their situated relations in a way that allows them to remain as separate interactional units.
„All City“ – Graffiti-Writings als Kommunikate des Urbanen
Authors: Tophinke Doris
Published: August 2019

The article deals with Graffiti Writing as a specific urban phenomenon. While present studies usually examine the phenomenon in a general perspective, this article focuses on the semantic, lexico-grammatical, visual and material properties of Graffiti Writing are focused. It is shown, how this properties are related to the urban space. This includes an analysis of the interplay of lexico-grammatical, visual and other semiotic resources in creating meaningful units. The qualitative study focusses on Graffiti Writing in Germany in the late 20thand early 21thcentury. Its empirical basis are photographs of Graffiti Writings in the INGRID-database.
Hazardous effect of the maintenance dose of iron sucrose versus iron dextran on oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in patients on regular hemodialysis; a pilot study
Authors: Sarhan Iman Ibrahim , Behairy Maha Abdelmoneim , El Sayed Hoda Mohamed , Abdelaziz Doaa Mohamed
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Intravenous (IV) iron which is a potent pro-oxidant may decrease the phagocytic function of neutrophils and subsequently leads to repeated bacterial infections in patients on chronic regular hemodialysis (HD).Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of IV iron dextran versus iron sucrose on oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in HD patients.Patients and Methods: A crossover study was included 20 prevalent HD patients were randomly divided into two groups; 10 patients each. Each group received a single dose of 100 mg iron sucrose or iron dextran then shifted to the other type after 4 weeks as a washout period. Patients with evidence of acute infections, diabetes mellitus, chronic liver disease, active collagen disease or any other acquired immune deficiency diseases were excluded. Patients on immunosuppressive drugs or with hypersensitivity to iron therapy or evidence of iron overload (TSAT > 50% and/or ferritin > 800 ng/mL) were also excluded. Erythropoietin maintenance dose was given to all patients. Urea reduction ratio (URR %), C-reactive protein (CRP) titer, complete blood picture and iron study were conducted. Neutrophil oxidative burst test was performed by flow-cytometry with an estimation of stimulation index before and after IV iron dosage. Results: Twenty patients (9 males, 11 females; mean age 49.40 ± 9.02 years) on chronic HD for a mean time of 10 ± 7.32 years. After 100 mg of IV iron infusion in HD patients, a highly significant difference in oxidative burst test of neutrophil cells before and after administration of iron regardless of its type was detected (P < 0.01). This change over time is not significantly different between two types of iron (P > 0.05). However, a significant increase in CRP titer after administration of iron dextran was seen (P = 0.016). Conclusion: Maintenance dosage of either IV iron sucrose or iron dextran (100 mg) had a hazardous effect on the neutrophilic phagocytosis demonstrated by the significant rise in the oxidative burst index in HD patients.
Helicobacter pylori infection and serum magnesium in kidney disease; current concepts
Authors: Yalameha Banafsheh , Nasri Parto
Published: August 2019

One of the problems of renal disease patients, especially patients undergoing dialysis, is gastrointestinal complications caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori has still high prevalence in most populations. It is estimated that about half of the world population is infected with this infection and it can change levels of most micronutrients such as magnesium. Different studies demonstrate that H. pylori may affect the metabolism of magnesium in renal failure. The present paper investigated the association of serum magnesium level with H. pylori infection. Nevertheless, it should be more evaluated by researchers and still many studies are necessary to confirm this issue.
Reliability of the Load-Velocity Relationship and Validity of the PUSH to Measure Velocity in the Deadlift
Authors: Chéry Clément , Ruf Ludwig
Published: August 2019

Chéry, C and Ruf, L. Reliability of the load-velocity relationship and validity of the PUSH to measure velocity in the deadlift. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2370–2380, 2019—This study investigated the reliability between load and mean velocity, mean propulsive velocity, peak velocity, mean power, and peak power in the deadlift. Also, we looked at the validity of an inertial sensor (PUSH) and a linear-position transducer (Tendo) to measure velocity variables. Ten strength-trained men (23.4 ± 1.3 years) were involved in three 1 repetition maximum (1RM) testing sessions, separated by at least 72 hours. The protocol used 6 different lifting intensities, comprising 20, 40, 60, 80, 90, and 100% of 1RM. Reliability of the load-velocity and load-power relationship was assessed by comparing velocity and power measurements from session 2 and 3 for each relative %1RM. The validity of tested devices was analyzed regarding to each relative intensity by comparing results from each instrument to a reference instrument (GymAware). The findings revealed that intermediate intensities (ranging from 60 to 90% of 1RM) seem to be reliable. Furthermore, extreme points of the load-velocity curve (20, 40, and 100% of 1RM) were found to be less reliable and should therefore be used with caution when implemented as part of autoregulating strategies. Tendo produced measurements that were highly correlated with GymAware and thus, constitutes a valid and cheaper alternative. By contrast, measurements from the PUSH presented a low level of precision and accuracy. Therefore, PUSH cannot be considered as a valid tool to measure velocity variables in the deadlift.
A Stress-Responsive Signaling Network Regulating Pseudohyphal Growth and Ribonucleoprotein Granule Abundance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Mutlu Nebibe , Sheidy Daniel T , Hsu Angela , Jeong Han Seol , Wozniak Katherine J , Kumar Anuj
Published: August 2019

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes a stress-responsive transition to a pseudohyphal growth form in which cells elongate and remain connected in multicellular filaments. Pseudohyphal growth is regulated through conserved signaling networks that control cell growth and the response to glucose or nitrogen limitation in metazoans. These networks are incompletely understood, and our studies identify the TORC1- and PKA-regulated kinase Ksp1p as a key stress-responsive signaling effector in the yeast pseudohyphal growth response. The kinase-defective ksp1-K47D allele results in decreased pseudohyphal morphology at the cellular and colony level, indicating that Ksp1p kinase signaling is required for pseudohyphal filamentation. To determine the functional consequences of Ksp1p signaling, we implemented transcriptional profiling and quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of ksp1-K47D on a global scale. Ksp1p kinase signaling maintains wild-type transcript levels of many pathways for amino acid synthesis and metabolism, relevant for the regulation of translation under conditions of nutrient stress. Proteins in stress-responsive ribonucleoprotein granules are regulated post-translationally by Ksp1p, and the Ksp1p-dependent phosphorylation sites S176 in eIF4G/Tif4631p and S436 in Pbp1p are required for wild-type levels of pseudohyphal growth and Protein Kinase A pathway activity. Pbp1p and Tif4631p localize in stress granules, and the ksp1 null mutant shows elevated abundance of Pbp1p puncta relative to wild-type. Collectively, the Ksp1p kinase signaling network integrates polarized pseudohyphal morphogenesis and translational regulation through the stress-responsive transcriptional control of pathways for amino acid metabolism and post-translational modification of translation factors affecting stress granule abundance.