bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron mineralogy characteristics of the desert sediments of the Tarim Basin and its provenance implications
Authors: Wang Youjun , Jia Jia , Liu Hao , Lu Hao , Lu Caichen , Xia Dunsheng
Published: September 2018

The vast desert area of the Tarim Basin contains a large amount of loose sediment, and consequently, it is one of the most important sources of aeolian dust in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. However, only limited research has been undertaken on the provenance of the desert sediments. In this study, we investigated the iron mineralogy including magnetic (Mt), hematite (Hm), and goethite (Gt) characteristics of desert sediments from the Tarim Basin and used them to determine their provenance. The results show that the sediments are characterized by a high content of Gt that comprises up to 0.16, 0.45, and 0.99 wt.% of the 31–63, 8–31, and 2–8 μm fractions, respectively. In contrast to Hm and Mt, Gt is significantly enriched in the fine particle size fraction. Consequently, we propose that the desert sediments originate in a cold and humid environment, which favors the formation of Gt and limits the formation of Mt and Hm. The surrounding high mountains appear to be the only location within this vast region with the climatic conditions favoring Gt formation.
DNA barcodes reveal deeply neglected diversity and numerous invasions of micromoths in Madagascar
Authors: Lopez-Vaamonde Carlos , Sire Lucas , Rasmussen Bruno , Rougerie Rodolphe , Wieser Christian , Allaoui Allaoui Ahamadi , Minet Joël , deWaard Jeremy R. , Decaëns Thibaud , Lees David C.
Published: September 2018

Madagascar is a prime evolutionary hotspot globally, but its unique biodiversity is under threat, essentially from anthropogenic disturbance. There is a race against time to describe and protect the Madagascan endangered biota. Here we present a first molecular characterization of the micromoth fauna of Madagascar. We collected 1572 micromoths mainly using light traps in both natural and anthropogenically disturbed habitats in 24 localities across eastern and northwest Madagascar. We also collected 1384 specimens using a Malaise trap in a primary rain forest at Andasibe, eastern Madagascar. In total, we DNA barcoded 2956 specimens belonging to 1537 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), 88.4% of which are new to BOLD. Only 1.7% of new BINs were assigned to species. Of 47 different families found, Dryadaulidae, Bucculatricidae, Bedelliidae, Batrachedridae, and Blastobasidae are newly reported for Madagascar and the recently recognized Tonzidae is confirmed. For test faunas of Canada and Australia, 98.9%–99.4% of Macroheterocera BINs exhibited the molecular synapomorphy of a phenylalanine in the 177th complete DNA barcode codon. Non-macroheteroceran BINs could thus be sifted out efficiently in the Malaise sample. The Madagascar micromoth fauna shows highest affinity with the Afrotropics (146 BINs also occur in the African continent). We found 22 recognised pests or invasive species, mostly occurring in disturbed habitats. Malaise trap samples show high temporal turnover and alpha diversity with as many as 507 BINs collected; of these, astonishingly, 499 (98.4%) were novel to BOLD and 292 (57.6%) were singletons. Our results provide a baseline for future surveys across the island.
Gypenoside UL4-RichGynostemma pentaphyllumExtract Exerts a Hepatoprotective Effect on Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Bae Ui-Jin , Park Eun-Ock , Park John , Jung Su-Jin , Ham Hyeonmi , Yu Kee-Won , Park Young-Jun , Chae Soo-Wan , Park Byung-Hyun
Published: September 2018

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) arises from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a consequence of oxidative stress. Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract (GPE) is proven to be beneficial for patients suffering from NAFLD. However, the precise mechanism by which GPE confers these benefits remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanism and to determine whether supplementation with the newly discovered GPE gypenoside UL4 mitigates NASH progression. Male c57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet, a methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet, or an MCD diet supplemented with various doses of UL4-rich GPE for eight weeks. GPE supplementation suppressed oxidative stress induced by the MCD diet by increasing levels of sirtuin 6 and phase 2 anti-oxidant enzymes in mouse liver and HepG2 cells. Additionally, GPE supplementation prevented diet-induced hepatic fat accumulation, hepatocellular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice fed the MCD diet. These results indicate the possible therapeutic potential of dietary supplementation of UL4-rich GPE in preventing the development of fatty liver and its progression to NASH.
Building Global Brands for Chinese Private-Owned Enterprises: Strategic Paths to Upgrade the Value Chain
Authors: NO SUYEON , KWAK JOOYOUNG
Published: September 2018

While most private-owned enterprises (POEs) in China are engaged in subcontracting or do not own the product brands, the number of POEs with their own brands has increased rapidly, while some are even globally recognized. Since these POEs face high opportunity costs for own branding, given their dominant presence in the global subcontracting community, their own branding actions require contextual understanding of doing business in China. This study starts with the notion of how these POEs shift from subcontracting to own branding, and explores their respective own branding paths. We interviewed seven Chinese POEs in the fashion industry in Zhejiang Province: Babei, Baili, Sunrise, Aokang, Youngor, Kangnai, and JNBY. The case studies suggest how these firms built their brands in the global market, and why their trajectories differentiated in the course of own branding. Our study configures three types of own brand models for POEs: the competitive subcontracting, the toehold, and the home-linked organic models. POEs can continue subcontracting in their core business, while implementing own branding through diversification. Alternatively, they can segregate markets, pursuing own branding in one group of countries, while subcontracting elsewhere. In addition, they may establish wholly owned enterprises, and introduce their brands in a way that preserves their home market advantages. We identify two stimuli for Chinese POEs’ global branding choices. Global branding strengthens domestic position as it becomes a signal for reputation. As the online platform reduces costs for global branding, and becomes popular, POEs are more likely to pursue global branding to become more competitive in the domestic market. Many POEs also continue to collaborate with the previous customers through strategic inter-dependence, such as distribution channel exchange.
The discriminant of compositum of algebraic number fields
Authors: Khanduja Sudesh K.
Published: September 2018

For an algebraic number field [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] denote the discriminant of an algebraic number field [Formula: see text]. It is well known that if [Formula: see text] are algebraic number fields with coprime discriminants, then [Formula: see text] are linearly disjoint over the field [Formula: see text] of rational numbers and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] being the degree of [Formula: see text] over [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we prove that the converse of this result holds in relative extensions of algebraic number fields. We also give some more necessary and sufficient conditions for the analogue of the above equality to hold for algebraic number fields [Formula: see text] linearly disjoint over [Formula: see text].
Combined Enteral and Parenteral Glutamine Supplementation in Endotoxemic Swine: Effects on Portal and Systemic Circulation Levels
Authors: Stavrou George , Arvanitidis Konstantinos , Filidou Eirini , Fotiadis Kyriakos , Grosomanidis Vasilios , Ioannidis Aris , Tsaousi Georgia , Michalopoulos Antonios , Kolios George , Kotzampassi Katerina
Published: September 2018

Objective: To measure plasma glutamine (GLN) levels in systemic and portal circulation after combined enteral and parenteral administration in early endotoxemic swine. We hypothesized that this combination will be more efficient than intravenous administration alone in restoring plasma levels during the course of endotoxemia. Materials and Methods: Endotoxemia was induced with Escherichia coli O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (250 μg/kg body weight) in 16 anes­thetized, fasted swine and maintained by constant infusion (2 μg/kg/h) over 180 min. Another 16 swine served as controls. After infusion with LPS or placebo, GLN was administered intravenously, enterally or in combination (0.5 g/kg i.v. plus 0.5 g/kg enterally) over 30 min. At 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120 and 180 min, blood was drawn from the systemic and portal circulation for colorimetric assessment of GLN. Results: In healthy, placebo-alone swine, GLN levels remained stable throughout the study. Intravenous and combined infusion increased systemic levels (p = 0.001), but after enteral administration alone, a smaller effect was observed (p = 0.026). Portal levels were increased after combined, enteral and intravenous administration (p = 0.001). In endotoxemia, systemic and portal levels decreased significantly. Intravenous and, to a greater extent, combined administration increased systemic levels (p = 0.001), while enteral administration only had a small effect (p = 0.001). In the portal vein, intravenous and combined treatment increased plasma levels (p = 0.001), whereas enteral supplementation alone had again a small, yet significant effect (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The findings indicate that combined GLN supplementation is superior to intravenous treatment alone, in terms of enhanced availability in systemic and portal circulations. Thus, combined treatment at the onset of endotoxemia is a beneficial practice, ensuring adequate GLN to compensate for the resulting intracellular shortage.
BONE MINERAL STATUS AND METABOLISM DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SPINAL CORD INJURY
Authors: Bystrytska M. A.
Published: September 2018

Background. The study of late complications, including osteoporosis, is urgent due to the increasing life expectancy of patients with complete spinal cord injury (SCI). Objective. The aim of the study is to evaluate bone mineral status and bone turnover markers in the patients with chronic SCI.Methods. 73 SCI patients and 57 healthy persons were examined. Bone status was determined by ultrasound (US) densitometry. Bone turnover markers and vitamin D were evaluated by electrochemiluminescence method.Results. In the SCI patients bone mineral status was significantly lower compared with the individuals of control group. The stiffness index (SI) was 51.4±11.8 % vs. 98.5±16.6 %, p<0.05 in men and 50.1±9.8 % vs. 92.9±11.1 %, p<0.05 in women. In the SCI patients the levels of bone turnover markers were significantly higher than the reference values. The bone mineral status of patients with SCI, which occurred before peak bone mass development, is significantly worse, compared with the individuals with the already developed peak bone mass, that makes them a high risk group for fracture. Conclusions. SCI leads to increased bone resorption with development of secondary osteoporosis (according to the ultrasound densitometry of calcaneal bone). In chronic SCI, bone resorption is higher than in the individuals with combined low levels of vitamin D, and the absence of axial load results in continued loss of bone mass.
THE ALTERATION OF PRO- AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN ADRENALINE-CALCIUM INDUCED MYOCARDIAL DAMAGE AND ITS CORRECTION WITH QUERCETIN IN RATS
Authors: Denefil O. V. , Мusiienko A. M.
Published: September 2018

Background. Cardiac insufficiency is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Objective. The aim of the study was to determine the content of interleukins in male rats with adrenaline-calcium model of myocardial injury (ACM) and under correction by quercetin.Methods. 143 Wistar male-rats aged 5-6 months were used in the experiments. The changes of interleukins (IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha) content in blood serum in the development of heart injury by adrenaline and calcium (AC) and use of quercetin for protection were studied. The period of investigation was in 1, 2, 24 hours, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 days.Results. In ACM model of myocardial injury TNF-alpha increased, IL-2, IL-4 decreased at each period of investigation. IL-1beta increased in 2 and 3 days after the injury, at all other periods (except in 1 hour and 21 days) those indices were decreased. Also we observed similar wave changes of IL-6 and IL-10 content.Injections of quercetin for 7 days caused a significant decrease of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and increase of IL-6. In 7 days of quercetin administration after AC-injury, decreased TNF-alpha was observed as well as increased IL-4, IL-6, and IL-1beta rates. In 14 days, the increase of TNF-alpha, normalization of IL-10 to control was evidenced. In 28 days, increased activation of IL-1beta, decreased content of TNF-alpha was fixed.Conclusions. The development of adrenaline-calcium heart damage is accompanied by bright cytokine wavelike reaction at different time points. Quercetin causes normalization of interleukins level.
Medicamentos passíveis de infusão por hipodermóclise
Authors: Quaglio Rita de Cássia , Varallo Fabiana Rossi , Lima Nereida Kilza da Costa , Junqueira André Felipe , Ianhez Júnior Edgar , Matumoto Silvia , Fortuna Cinira Magali
Published: September 2018

Modelo do estudo: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura e discussão com profissionais especialistas. Objetivo: Propor a lista de medicações, diluente e volume de diluição, para o uso por hipodermóclise, a pacientes acima de 18 anos Método: Com base em diretrizes Prisma, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico na base de dados MEDLINE através do portal Pubmed e pela biblioteca virtual SCIELO, utilizando os descritores: infusions; subcutaneous; palliative care; hospice; palliative care nursing e as palavra-chave hypodermoclysis e off-label use, seus correspondentes em português e seus cruzamentos. Os artigos encontrados foram analisados a partir do instrumento AMSTAR, seguido de discussão com profissionais de formação avançada em CP. Resultados: Dos artigos foram extraídas as seguintes variáveis: medicamentos administrados por hipodermóclise, veículo e volume de diluição, tempo de infusão, forma de administração (continua e em bolus), além de observações referentes à administração em sítio único e concentração máxima. A partir destas variáveis elaborou-se síntese em relação às medicações a serem utilizadas. Conclusões: Chegou-se a uma lista de medicações, dosagem, volume de diluição e diluente. Os resultados encontrados na literatura foram discutidos em processo dialógico e convergente, pelos profissionais de enfermagem, medicina e farmácia. Sendo assim, esta lista possui perfil replicável para outros serviços com cuidados paliativos ou que utilizam a via hipodermóclise.
Isopod fauna associated with Spirobranchus triqueter (Linnaeus, 1758) (Annelida, Polychaeta) in the Sea of Marmara
Authors: Kirkim Fevzi
Published: September 2018

Among material collected in colonies of Spirobranchus triqueter (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Sea of Marmara in 2013, 825 individuals belonging to 13 species of isopods were found. Of these, Janira maculosa Leach, 1814 is represented by the highest number of specimens (45% of the total number of specimens). All species are being reported to be associated with the serpulid colony of S. triqueter herein for the first time.
New species of Pseudonereis Kinberg, 1865 (Polychaeta: Nereididae) from the Atlantic Ocean, and a review of paragnath morphology and methodology
Authors: CONDE-VELA VÍCTOR M.
Published: September 2018

Pseudonereis gallapagensis Kinberg, 1865 and P. variegata (Grube & Kröyer in Grube, 1858) are the only two species of this genus commonly recorded along Atlantic American coasts, but their type localities are in the Eastern Pacific, and their morphology differs. Two new Pseudonereis species are described from Eastern Mexico: P. brunnea sp. n. from the Gulf of Mexico, and P. citrina sp. n. from the Caribbean Sea, previously confused with P. gallapagensis. In order to facilitate comparisons, descriptions based on specimens from near the type locality for P. gallapagensis (Peru and Ecuador), and topotypes for P. variegata (Valparaiso, Chile), are included. Based on these comparisons and current descriptions, the synonymies of Nereis ferox Hansen, 1882 described from Brazil with P. variegata, and of Pseudonereis formosa Kinberg, 1865 described from Hawaii with P. gallapagensis, are rejected. Consequently, both are regarded as distinct species and revised diagnoses are provided for them. The record of P. ferox from the Gulf of Guinea proved to be an undescribed species, and is herein described as P. fauveli sp. n. The number of paragnath rows in nereidid pharynx areas VII–VIII has been interpreted in several ways, leading to confusion; an alternative method to determine the number of bands and rows is proposed. The midventral region, the division of areas VII–VIII in furrow and ridge regions, and the description of the arrangement based on the pattern of paragnaths in such regions, are proposed. Further, the terms shield-shaped and pointed (P-bars) bars are redefined, and a new term, crescent-shaped bars, is proposed for paragnaths in the areas VI in some Pseudonereis and Perinereis species. A key for all Pseudonereis species is also included.
Online Control for the Processing of Urea Resin Moulding Compounds
Authors: Stark W. , Kürten Ch.
Published: September 2018

Urea resin moulding compounds belong to the class of thermosetting materials. They undergo a chemical crosslinking reaction in the mould, giving them outstanding heat resistance. In contrast to thermoplastic materials, thermosets need a critical cure time before the glass transition temperature shifts sufficiently for the hot parts to be stable enough to be demoulded. The cycle times are therefore significantly longer. One possible means of reducing the cycle time would be to increase the mould temperature. As is generally known, increasing the temperature by 10 K doubles the reaction rate. However, a faster reaction rate reduces the time window available for demoulding the cured parts, and the whole process becomes more vulnerable to variations in process parameters and compound composition. By the use of an online cure monitoring system it should be possible to control the process even at higher mould temperatures. In this article the dielectric cure monitoring method is tested in the manufacture of injection moulded parts and its potential for process control is discussed.
Improvement of Impact Strength of Elastomer Blended Polypropylene by Filling with Fine Particles
Authors: Nagata K , Hikasa S
Published: September 2018

Many researchers reported that the impact strength and modulus of composites were depended markedly on the dispersion states of elastomer and filler particles in polypropylene (PP). The effects of dispersion states of blended elastomer (SEBS) particles and fine CaCO3 particles on the impact strength of the composites are systematically reviewed in this paper. Furthermore, the mechanism of impact strength improvement of the composites is discussed based on the results of optical microscope observation of fractured specimens.
Study of the Effect of Montmorillonite on the Curing of An Epoxy Oligomer with Diaminodiphenylsulphone
Authors: Trenisova A.L. , Akhmatova O.V. , Smotrova S.A. , Gorbunova I.Yu. , Kerber M.L. , Osipchik V.S. , Plotnikova E.P.
Published: September 2018

A study was made of the effect of montmorillonite on the curing of an epoxy oligomer with diaminophenylsulphone. It was shown that the introduction of the clay in all cases leads to an increase in the viscosity of the epoxy oligomer. It turned out that ultrasound has a considerable effect on the viscosity of a composite containing modified clay.
An Investigation of Polymer Electrets by Heat-Stimulated Relaxation of Surface Potential
Authors: Zhigaeva I.A. , Galikhanov M.F. , Gorokhovatskii Yu.A. , Burda V.V.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the effect of a ferroelectric on the stability of electret properties at elevated temperatures. It was established that, with increase in the filler content in the polymer, the surface potential drop start point is shifted towards higher temperatures.
Modifying the Properties of Chemically Crosslinked Polyethylene with Thermoplastic Elastomers
Authors: Kazanchyan A.E. , Osipchik V.S. , Chalaya N.M. , Kikel' V.A.
Published: September 2018

The results of modifying silanol-crosslinked polyethylene by introducing thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) are set out. An investigation was made of the influence of the amount introduced and the methods of introduction of a styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene TPE on the physicomechanical and thermophysical properties of the obtained polymeric material. Results concerning the effect of the modifiers on the creep of specimens of crosslinked polyethylene are analysed. The possibilities of lowering the amount of silanol-crosslinked polyethylene without adversely affecting the quality of the composite material by adding high-density polyethylene are shown.
The Modification of Polypropylene with Cyclic Peroxide
Authors: Salakhov I.I. , Boreiko N.P. , Fatykhov M.G. , Fedosova S.A.
Published: September 2018

The results of investigating the effect of 3,6,9-triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1,4,7-triperoxonane on the melt flow and organoleptic properties of polypropylene are presented. It is shown that the application of the given peroxide at the extrusion stage makes it possible to synthesise a polymer with controllable impact strength and a reduced content of volatile substances by comparison with other types of peroxide.
Polyether Urethane Ureas with Heterogeneous Rigid Blocks
Authors: Tereshatov V.V. , Makarova M.A. , Slobodinyuk A.I.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the structure and properties of segmented polyether urethane ureas with heterogeneous rigid blocks, obtained using 2,4-toluylene diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate. Extremal dependences of the physicomechanical and thermal characteristics of the materials on the composition of the rigid blocks were found. The relationship between the structure and properties of the new type of block copolymer was established.
The Effect of An Inorganic Filler on the Properties of High-Density Polyethylene
Authors: Kuliev M.M. , Ismaiilova R.S.
Published: September 2018

Low-frequency dielectric spectroscopy was used to study polymer composites with a piezoelectric filler. In a wide frequency range (ν = 25 × 106 Hz) and temperature range (273-423 K), the dielectric characteristics (∊ and tg δ) and electrical conductivity (σ) of polymer composites with a piezoelectric filler were investigated. The dependences of ∊, tg δ, and σ on the concentration (up to 10 vol%) of filler, the frequency of the electric field, and temperature were studied. It was established that the introduction into high-density polyethylene of PKR-3M segnetopiezoelectric filler of the lead zirconate titanate family has a considerable effect on the given characteristics and changes the form of the dependences tg δ(ν), tg δ(T), ∊(T), and σ(T). The variance dependence σ(ν) satisfies the condition σ ∼ ns and exhibits two linear sections with parameters S ≈ 0.8 and S > 1.2 respectively.
The Physicomechanical Properties of Siloxane Coatings on Polymer Substrates
Authors: Useinov A.S. , Radzinskii S.A. , Kravchuk K.S. , Zolkina I.Yu. , Andreeva T.I. , Simonov-Emel'yanov I.D.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the physicomechanical surface properties of polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate, and polymers with an applied heat-curable siloxane coating by methods of scanning probe microscopy, nanoindentation, and sclerometry. It was established that high resistance of the siloxane coating to abrasive wear is achieved as a result of a reduction in the average surface roughness and increase in the ratio of hardness to elastic modulus of the material, and also the high degree of elastic recovery. The results obtained were compared with data obtained using traditional methods of polymer study.
Determining the Thermophysical Properties of Thermoplastic Composite Materials
Authors: Mikulenok I.O.
Published: September 2018

An examination is made of the main analytical relationships for determining the thermophysical properties of polymer composites, recommended for engineering calculations of equipment for the production and processing of these materials.
The Effect of Mechanical Strain on the Electrical Properties of Composites
Authors: Savvinova M.E. , Kovalenko N.A.
Published: September 2018

An investigation was made of the effect of mechanical strain on the electrical properties of composites based on nitrile butadiene rubber. It was shown that general conductivity of the composite is ensured by the formation of direct contact between particles of the conductive filler, which leads to the formation of a three-dimensional conductive network within the composite. It was established that the mechanism of change in conductivity when exposed to temperature is due to thermal strain of the polymer matrix.
Investigating the Conditions and Mechanism of Formation of Furfuryl-Formaldehyde Oligomers
Authors: Magrupov F.A. , Alimukhamedov M.G. , Magrupov A.F. , Nizamov T.A.
Published: September 2018

A study was made of the conditions of heteropolycondensation of furfuryl alcohol with formaldehyde at different molar ratios. A new mechanism of formation and a new structure of furfuryl-formaldehyde oligomers by means of separating the initial polycondensation products are proposed.
Influence of Active Fillers in Elastomers on the Anisotropic Mullins Effect
Authors: Kahraman H. , Haberstroh E.
Published: September 2018

The first uniaxial extension of an elastomer causes stress softening (the Mullins effect) not only in this loading direction but in any other direction of subsequent extension. However, the Mullins effect is less pronounced after a change of loading direction than in the direction of the initial loading. As a function of the material's deformation history, its mechanical behaviour is distinctly anisotropic. In the interests of providing a more comprehensive evaluation of the anisotropic Mullins effect, the role of the active fillers carbon black and silica was investigated. In particular, the influence of carbon black properties, such as specific surface area and structure, and of the amount of carbon black incorporated, was determined experimentally. Comparing carbon black- and silica-filled elastomers as well as different rubbers provided more insights into the anisotropic material behaviour of filled elastomers.
The Synthesis of Polystyrene Suspensions in the Presence of a Mixture of Water-Soluble and Water-Insoluble Surfactants
Authors: Adikanova D.B. , Eligbaeva G.Zh. , Gritskova I.A. , Milushkova E.V. , Prokopov N.I. , Levachev S.M.
Published: September 2018

Polystyrene suspensions with an average particle diameter of 0.1–0.25 μm and a narrow particle size distribution were synthesised in the presence of a mixture of surfactants – sodium alkyl sulphonate (E-30), oxyethylated sulphated alkylphenol (AP-9), and organosilicon surfactant α,ω-bis[10-carboxydecyl] polydimethylsiloxane (CS). It was shown that the absence of a highly disperse particle fraction in the suspension is observed only when the polymerisation of styrene is carried out with an ionogenic surfactant content close to the critical micelle concentration (CMC).
A Method for Monitoring and Correcting the Product Shape during Free Thermoforming
Authors: Shulepko N.M. , Sheryshev A.E. , Sheryshev M.A. , Trunova E.A.
Published: September 2018

An examination was made of the free thermoforming of products and a method for monitoring this process. The advantages of the proposed monitoring method are considered.
The Stabilisation of Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds in Continuous Processes of Extrusion
Authors: Veselova E.V. , Andreeva T.I. , Simonov-Emel'yanov I.D.
Published: September 2018

An examination is made of the process of introducing a mixture of stabilisers – sterically hindered phenols and phosphites – to stabilise recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET) with an initial moisture content of ~0.5 wt% during continuous extrusion. It is shown that, using a mixture of stabilisers of optimum composition, it is possible to increase the molecular weight of the RPET and to achieve effective thermal stabilisation of the extruded polymeric material.
Turbulators for Temperature Control of Injection Moulding
Authors: Hopmann C. , Nikoleizig P. , Dornebusch H.
Published: September 2018

The design of a cooling channel system in an injection mould is key to successful production. Locally controlled heat removal is targeted by introducing disturbances inside the cooling channel using so called turbulators. Computational fluid dynamic simulations show different levels of heat removal depending on the shape and configuration of the turbulators, but also an increased pressure drop. Suitable turbulators are then introduced into the cooling channel of an injection mould insert. Within the scope of a design of experiments, no significant influence of the turbulators can be identified with regard to part warpage. However, an effect analysis indicates that the temperature of the thermal fluid has a major influence if using turbulators and that solidification is more homogeneous.
Assessing the Mechanical Properties of Hyperelastic Composite Materials with Small Additions of Disperse Mineral Fillers. Part 1. Approximation of the Potential of the Hyperelastic Matrix
Authors: Vlasov A.N. , Volkov-Bogorodskii D.B. , Karnet Yu.N. , Gamlitskii Yu.A. , Mudruk V.I.
Published: September 2018

The development of a procedure for assessing the effective deformation properties of filled, hyperelastic polymer composites (chiefly, rubber compounds) is presented. The rigid interphase contact layer is taken into account in the model of the elastomer composite. The filled elastomer can be regarded as a three-component system consisting of: filler particles (of different size); an interphase layer, which can be regarded as part of the modified matrix; the ‘pure’ matrix. In this first part of this study, the general organisation of the investigation is described, a model of the filled elastomer composite is formulated, and the problem of identifying the properties of the hyperelastic matrix is solved on the basis of a potential taking into account the non-linear effects of change in the rigidity of the polymeric material under elongation. The possibility of using the developed procedure to describe the deformation properties of the unfilled vulcanisate of styrene butadiene rubber, i.e. the ‘pure’ matrix, is also shown. The calculated deformation curve coincides completely with the experimental curve when the developed method is used to determine the coefficients of the equations.
Investigating the Phase States and Transitions in Polyazomethine Ethers Based on Aromatic Dialdehydes and 4,4′-diamino Triphenylmethane
Authors: Borukaev T.A. , Orlov A.V. , Oshroeva R.Z. , Shetov R.A. , Samoilik N.I.
Published: September 2018

It has been shown that, with triphenylmethane fragments and different articulated groups in the main chain, polyazomethine ethers are partially crystalline polymers. Investigation of the physical states and transitions in polyazomethine ethers showed that the polymers possess thermotropic, liquid crystalline properties.
The Influence of the Rubber Mix Composition on the Ageing Resistance of Vulcanisates Based on Nitrile Butadiene Rubbers of Different Polarity
Authors: Yulovskaya V.D. , Monakhova T.M. , Petrova V.S. , Karpova S.G.
Published: September 2018

We studied the influence of the composition of rubber mixes based on nitrile butadiene rubbers of different polarity (BNKS-18, BNKS-28, BNKS-40) on the physicomechanical and relaxation properties of vulcanisates produced using sulphur and peroxide vulcanising systems under conditions of oxidation in an oxygen atmosphere and heat ageing. By electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy it was established that the values of the correlation time before and after the oxidation of vulcanisates based on BNK-28 nitrile butadiene rubber hardly differ from one another, which is indirect evidence of the absence of degradation. The introduction of a vulcanising system and the process of vulcanisation itself activate the oxidation of specimens, increasing the oxidation rate and the amount of bound oxygen. The replacement of the sulphur-containing vulcanising system with a peroxide system increases the induction period of oxidation by a factor of 6–7. The introduction of nanosized titanium dioxide (NTD) (Degussa) into the rubber mix leads to a certain reduction in tensile strength and elongation at break. The addition of 1% NTD into the pure rubber hardly affects the kinetics of oxidation. The introduction of 3% NTD leads to a reduction in the correlation time after oxidation (from 19 × 10−10 to 16 × 10−10 s).
A Calculation Scheme for Assessing Storage Moduli and Losses as a Function of Polymer Chemical Structure and Blend Composition
Authors: Matseevich T.A. , Askadskii A.A. , Petunova M.D. , Kovriga O.V. , Popova M.N.
Published: September 2018

A calculation scheme is proposed for assessing and predicting storage and loss moduli. The examination is based on atomic constants, which take into account the contribution of each atom and polar group and the van der Waals volume and shear modulus at high frequencies. The obtained relationship makes it possible to calculate the shear modulus and storage and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, and molecular weight distribution.
The Synthesis of Nitrogen-Containing Phenol Formaldehyde Oligomers Grafted with Vegetable Oils
Authors: Amiraslanova M.N. , Mustafaev A.M. , Rustamov R.A. , Isaeva P.E. , Alieva Sh.R. , Kasumzade E.A. , Akhmedbekova S.F. , Mamedzade F.A. , Alieva A.P.
Published: September 2018

The synthesis of nitrogen-containing alkyl(C8–C12)phenol formaldehyde oligomers grafted with vegetable oils was investigated with the aim of creating new materials with the properties of protective coatings. Soybean and linseed oils were used as the vegetable oils. The interaction between phenol formaldehyde oligomers and vegetable oils probably occurs through the functional groups formed as a result of oxidative processes at the carbon atoms in the a-position to double bonds. The probable structure was established using infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and the physicochemical properties of the synthesised products were studied.
Polymeric Materials for Future Automobiles
Authors: Ohba Toshiyuki
Published: September 2018

The most important challenge in automotive industries is to reduce global warming CO2 generation substantially to Zero. Electrification is the main trend to achieve this objective, such as EV, FCV and PHEV. Polymer materials are expected to contribute to this aspect as functional materials e.g. high thermal conductive electrical insulator. Vehicle weight reduction is the big factor to reduce vehicle running energy consumption. Module construction and component integration are quite effective for this purpose. CFRP is expected to contribute weight reduction for the future automotive application. Rubber components are also required weight reduction and demands for low running resistance tire is increasing. New application of polymer materials will be widely expected for the next generation automotive.
Three-component seismic land streamer study of an esker architecture through S- and surface-wave imaging
Authors: Brodic Bojan , Malehmir Alireza , Pugin André , Maries Georgiana
Published: September 2018

We deployed a newly developed 3C microelectromechanical system-based seismic land streamer over porous glacial sediments to delineate water table and bedrock in Southwestern Finland. The seismic source used was a 500 kg vertical impact drop hammer. We analyzed the SH-wave component and interpreted it together with previously analyzed P-wave component data. In addition to this, we examined the land streamer’s potential for multichannel analysis of surface waves and delineated the site’s stratigraphy with surface-wave-derived S-wave velocities and [Formula: see text] ratios along the entire profile. These S-wave velocities and [Formula: see text] ratios complement the interpretation conducted previously on P-wave stacked section. Peculiarly, although the seismic source used is of a vertical-type nature, the data inspection indicated clear bedrock reflection on the horizontal components, particularly the transverse component. This observation led us to scrutinize the horizontal component data through side-by-side inspection of the shot records of all the three components and particle motion analysis to confirm the S-wave nature of the reflection. Using the apparent moveout velocity of the reflection, as well as the known depth to bedrock based on drilling, we used finite-difference synthetic modeling to further verify its nature. Compared with the P-wave seismic section, bedrock is relatively well delineated on the transverse component S-wave section. Some structures connected to the kettle holes and other stratigraphic units imaged on the P-wave results were also notable on the S-wave section, and particularly on the surface-wave derived S-wave velocity model and [Formula: see text] ratios. Our results indicate that P-, SV-, and SH-wave energy is generated simultaneously at the source location itself. This study demonstrates the potential of 3C seismic for characterization and delineation of the near-surface seismics.
End-of-Life Care Intensity in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Population-Level Analysis
Authors: Johnston Emily E. , Muffly Lori , Alvarez Elysia , Saynina Olga , Sanders Lee M. , Bhatia Smita , Chamberlain Lisa J.
Published: September 2018

Purpose

Intensity of end-of-life care receives much attention in oncology because of concerns that high-intensity care is inconsistent with patient goals, leads to worse caregiver outcomes, and is expensive. Little is known about such care in those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), a population at high risk for morbidity and mortality.

Patients and Methods

We conducted a population-based analysis of patients who died between 2000 and 2013, within 1 year of undergoing an inpatient allogeneic HCT using California administrative data. Previously validated markers of intensity were examined and included: hospital death, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and procedures such as intubation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation at end of life. Multivariable logistic regression models determined clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with: hospital death, a medically intense intervention (ICU admission, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hemodialysis, intubation), and ≥ two intensity markers.

Results

Of the 2,135 patients in the study population, 377 were pediatric patients (age ≤ 21 years), 461 were young adults (age 22 to 39 years), and 1,297 were adults (age ≥ 40 years). The most common intensity markers were: hospital death (83%), ICU admission (49%), and intubation (45%). Medical intensity varied according to age, underlying diagnosis, and presence of comorbidities at time of HCT. Patients with higher-intensity end-of-life care included patients age 15 to 21 years and 30 to 59 years, patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and those with comorbidities at time of HCT.

Conclusion

Patients dying within 1 year of inpatient allogeneic HCT are receiving medically intense end-of-life care with variations related to age, underlying diagnosis, and presence of comorbidities at time of HCT. Future studies need to determine if these patterns are consistent with patient and family goals.
The ICR142 NGS validation series: a resource for orthogonal assessment of NGS analysis
Authors: Ruark Elise , Renwick Anthony , Clarke Matthew , Snape Katie , Ramsay Emma , Elliott Anna , Hanks Sandra , Strydom Ann , Seal Sheila , Rahman Nazneen
Published: September 2018

To provide a useful community resource for orthogonal assessment of NGS analysis software, we present the ICR142 NGS validation series. The dataset includes high-quality exome sequence data from 142 samples together with Sanger sequence data at 704 sites; 416 sites with variants and 288 sites at which variants were called by an NGS analysis tool, but no variant is present in the corresponding Sanger sequence. The dataset includes 293 indel variants and 247 negative indel sites, and thus the ICR142 validation dataset is of particular utility in evaluating indel calling performance. The FASTQ files and Sanger sequence results can be accessed in the European Genome-phenome Archive under the accession number EGAS00001001332.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DOS MATERIAIS CONCRETOS PARA A CONSTRUÇÃO DE CONCEITOS: ABORDANDO COMPRIMENTO, ÁREA E VOLUME
Authors: Machado Natália Alves , Cruz Frederico Alan de Oliveira Cruz
Published: September 2018

Num mundo onde a tecnologia se faz presente em cada instante na nossa vida, permitindo que qualquer informação chegue a nós em poucos segundos, a escola parece não trazer novidades ou despertar o interesse dos estudantes. Além disso, na maioria das situações, muitos dos conteúdos apresentados pelos professores não são conectados com a vida diária daqueles presentes em sala de aula. Uma forma de mudar esse cenário é buscar elementos que possam envolver os estudantes com os conteúdos apresentados, por meio de atividades nas quais eles estejam em uma ação mais ativa com o tema. Dentro dessa ideia, nesse trabalho é apresentada uma proposta de abordagem de comprimento, área e volume, visando fornecer o entendimento desses conceitos para a compreensão de grandezas físicas que fazem uso delas, por meio de práticas simples e que tornam os alunos elementos responsáveis pela sua própria aprendizagem.
JUVENTUDES EM TRÂNSITO: NOTAS ETNOGRÁFICAS SOBRE A RELAÇÃO DOS ESTUDANTES DO ENSINO MÉDIO COM O CONHECIMENTO ESCOLAR.
Authors: Borges Luís Paulo Cruz
Published: September 2018

A relação dos jovens estudantes do Ensino Médio com o conhecimento escolar é objeto de estudo do presente artigo. Pauta-se na abordagem teórico-metodológica etnográfica, situada na fronteira entre a antropologia e a educação. Assim, foram utilizados o caderno de campo, notas etnográficas, descrição densa, entrevistas, fotografias, observação participante e produções textuais como formas de apreender um recorte da realidade social. Articulam-se as categorias conhecimento escolar e juventudes privilegiando uma abordagem pós-crítica e pós-colonial para pensar a escola e seus sujeitos. Questiona-se como jovens estudantes do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública da rede estadual do Rio de Janeiro se relacionam com o conhecimento socializado pela escola?  Opera-se numa lógica de que há uma polifonia nas vozes discentes que podem ser escutadas como forma de uma produção curricular pensando os dissensos como caminhos possíveis a partir da ideia de juventudes em trânsito abordando a relação dos jovens com seus processos educacionais e suas imagens. À guisa de conclusão, defende-se a ideia de que o conhecimento escolar, entendido como atos de significação, é uma dimensão criadora dos modos de subjetivação e diferença, capaz de permitir a emergência dos trânsitos juvenis presentes na escola de hoje.
A REFERENCIAÇÃO PRONOMINAL NO DISCURSO DO PROFESSOR: DISTANCIAMENTO E PROXIMIDADE / The pronominal reference in teacher’s speech: distancing and proximity
Authors: Carneiro Maria Angélica Lauretti
Published: September 2018

Considerando que o domínio dos estudos linguísticos da referencialidade, visto a partir das reflexões provenientes das ciências humanas e sociais, está estritamente ligado aos usos da linguagem em contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as significações resultantes do uso das referenciações pronominais nos discursos de duas professoras em aulas de leitura. Os pressupostos teóricos foram baseados em Koch (2005; 2015); Koch e Marcuschi (1998); Marcuschi (1998); Apothéloz e Reichler-Beguelin (1995); Mondada (2005) e Mondada e Dubois (2003). O quadro de pesquisadores emprestou grande vigor à Linguística no campo dos estudos da referência, destacando a sua natureza discursiva como objetos-de-discurso e não como entidades especulares, porém resultantes de processos discursivos. O corpus foi composto por extratos de dois eventos didáticos focando nas estratégias de uso de referenciações pronominais nas falas de duas professoras, nos encadeamentos dialógicos, indiciando diferentes formas de envolvimento interpessoal: de distanciamento e de proximidade. Os resultados apontam para a importância de os analistas refletirem sobre a produção das referenciações processadas discursivamente nos contextos. Palavras chave: referenciação; discurso pedagógico; interação social; distanciamento; proximidade
A contribuição da Teoria da Atividade para a construção de um app sobre o gênero resenha de filme no Profletras
Authors: Hila Claudia Valéria; Vinicius da Silva Doná Hika: Zacarias
Published: September 2018

O processo de formação do professor-aluno do Mestrado Profissional em Letras enfrenta desafios similares ao da formação inicial. Dentre eles, o movimento de aproprição de novas teorias tem sido bastante desafiador ao professor formador, justamente pelo fato de que são alunos, regra geral, há tempos afastados da academia. Se por um lado esses professores-alunos apresentam maior facilidade com os conhecimentos práticos, por outro, o conhecimento científico se coloca como desafiador, tendo em vista o volume de disciplinas que têm a cumprir, bem superior ao de um programa acadêmico. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir o movimento de internalização de um professor-aluno na elaboração de um app do gênero resenha de filme. O foco está, sobretudo, nas ações e operações mobilizadas pela professora-formadora, que desencadeiam novas operações no aluno, com base na Teoria da Atividade (LEONTIEV, 1998; 2001; 2004). Os resultados evidenciam que o movimento de internalização necessita de várias operações, de uma parceria entre formador e aluno, de vários eventos, e, portanto, de tempo para que se consolide.Palavras-chave: formação do professor, gêneros discursivos, Teoria da Atividade.
Degradation of InGaN/GaN LEDs under Forward-bias Operations in Salty Water Vapor
Authors: Chen Hsiang , Hsieh Kun Min , He Yun Yang , Chu Li Chen , Lee Ming Ling , Chang Kow Ming
Published: September 2018

Forward-bias stress in salty water vapor can quickly degrade the InGaN/GaN LEDs. To examine the weakness of the device, electrical, optical, and material analyses and characterizations were performed to investigate the failure mechanism. Corrosion of the electrode and Au atom diffusion might result in damages of the device. Results indicate that forward-bias stress in salty water vapor can quickly influence the material properties, optical behaviors, and electrical characteristics of the LED device.
Influence of Copper Concentration on the Structural and Optical Properties of Chemically Deposited CuSbS2 Thin Films
Authors: Vijila Jebadurai Joy Jeba , Mohanraj Kannusamy , Thanikaikarasan Sethuramachandran , Sivakumar Ganesan , Mahalingam Thaiyan , Ixtlilco Luis
Published: September 2018

Thin films of CuSbS2 have been deposited on ultrasonically cleaned glass substrates using a simple chemical bath deposition technique. Prepared films have been characterized using X-ray diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopic techniques, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the prepared films possess polycrystalline in nature with orthorhombic CuSbS2 in addition to secondary phase of monoclinic Cu3SbS3 and cubic Cu12Sb4S13 for different copper concentrations. Field Emission Scanning Electron Spectroscopic analysis showed that the prepared films possess spherical shaped grains with irregular shaped clusters. Optical absorption analysis showed that the prepared films possess band gap value in the range between 1.7 and 2.4 eV.