bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biotransformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Value-Added Bioproducts: Insights into Bio-Saccharification Strategies and Potential Concerns
Authors: Jahangeer Muhammad , Rehman Muti Ur , Nelofer Rubina , Nadeem Muhammad , Munir Bushra , Smułek Wojciech , Jesionowski Teofil , Qamar Sarmad Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Lignocellulose is considered to be the most abundant and sustainable material on earth. The concept of lignocellulosic biomass conversion into value-added chemicals or materials is gaining in importance worldwide as a means of replacing conventional petrochemical resources for environmental sustainability. The production of biofuels such as bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass consists of three main processes: pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation. As lignocellulose exhibits a highly recalcitrant structure, effective pretreatments are required for its deconstruction, making carbohydrates accessible for microbes to produce valuable bioproducts. These carbohydrate polymers (cellulose and hemicellulose) are then transformed into free monomeric sugars by the process of saccharification. Saccharification, especially enzymatic hydrolysis, is the crucial step for achieving lignocellulose bioconversion. Several strategies have been developed for diminishing biomass recalcitrance, ultimately improving the efficiency of product conversion, and reducing overall process costs. Some of these approaches include consolidated bioprocessing, consolidated bio-saccharification (on site), as well as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and separate hydrolysis and fermentation (off site). This review provides a detailed overview of current approaches to on-site and off-site saccharification and highlights the key factors for obtaining bioproducts from lignocellulosic feedstock via economically feasible bioconversion processes. Moreover, the key factors for process optimization and the production of various industrially important bioproducts from lignocellulosic biomasses are also summarized.
A Numerical Simulation of PFPE Lubricant Kinetics in HAMR Air Bearing
Authors: Tom Roshan Mathew , Cheng Qilong , Bogy David B.
Published: April 2024

This report investigates the kinetics of lubricant molecules in the HAMR air bearing to understand the initiation and growth of PFPE contamination on the head surface. The collisions with the air bearing induce three forces—drag, thermophoresis, and lift. Of these, we find that lift forces are negligible. Then, a sensitivity analysis of the remaining two forces reveals the conditions where they dominate. Further, a hybrid simulation strategy is utilized to track their movements. The results show that the contaminations (smear) highly depend on the interplay between the thermophoresis and drag forces. We then explain the mechanism of the formation of the various observed patterns. Finally, we offer some recommendations to exploit the air bearing to contain smear on the head.
An analytical approach for modelling unmanned aerial vehicles and base station interaction for disaster recovery scenarios
Authors: Casmin Eugene , Ever Enver
Published: April 2024

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are an emerging technology with the potential to be used in various sectors for various applications and services. In wireless networking, UAVs can be used as a vital part of the supplementary infrastructure to improve coverage, principally during public safety emergencies. Because of their affordability and potential for widespread deployment, there has been a growing interest in exploring the ways in which UAVs can enhance the services offered to isolated ground devices. Large areas may lose cellular coverage following a public safety emergency that impacts critical communication infrastructure. This prompts the need for the employment of D2D communication frameworks as a complement. In such critical conditions, timely response and network connectivity are essential factors for reliable communication. This study focuses on the mathematical models of UAV-based wireless communication in the context of disaster recovery. Particularly, we aim to model a queuing framework comprising UAVs as mobile relay nodes between the stranded user devices and neighbouring operational base stations. We present an iterative solution with a novel method for generating initial conditions for the two-stage queuing model. The approximate approach presented is validated for its accuracy using discrete-event simulation. The effects of various factors on performance measures are also analysed in detail. The validation results show that the discrepancy between the analytical approach and the simulation is less than 5%, which is the confidence interval of the simulation.
The Effect of Loneliness on Subjective Well-Being: Evidence from the UK Household Longitudinal Study 2017–2021
Authors: Seifert Nico
Published: April 2024

Although loneliness is associated with lower levels of subjective well-being, little is known about the precise nature of this association. Theoretical arguments have indicated a negative effect of loneliness on well-being, but there are alternative explanations, such as the possibility that chronically unhappy people select themselves into loneliness. This study investigates whether loneliness is detrimental to subjective well-being by considering selection as a competing explanation. The analyses were based on three waves of panel data from Understanding Society, the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2017–2021, containing 85,083 observations from 31,223 individuals aged 16 to 103 years). Subjective well-being was measured using a single item capturing life satisfaction. Loneliness was measured both directly using a single item and indirectly using the three-item UCLA Loneliness Scale. First, pooled ordinary least squares (POLS) models were estimated to confirm previous cross-sectional findings. Subsequently, fixed-effects (FE) models were used to account for the possibility that chronically unhappy people select themselves into loneliness. The results of the POLS models showed that lonely people reported significantly lower levels of life satisfaction. This association persisted in the FE model, and the remaining association can be interpreted as evidence of the negative effect of loneliness on well-being. Further analyses showed that the results were similar for men and women and for younger and older people. Moreover, the results were remarkably robust across the two measures of loneliness and model specifications. Overall, the results support the claim that loneliness is detrimental to well-being. Thus, intervention strategies aimed at reducing loneliness may also be effective in improving well-being in the general population.
Die Persönlichkeit von Coaches: Eine quantitative Untersuchung der Big Five Persönlichkeitsdimensionen von Coaches
Authors: Bachmann Thomas , Berz Jochen
Published: April 2024

In dieser empirischen Studie wird untersucht, ob Coaches eine andere Persönlichkeitsausprägung aufweisen als die Allgemeinbevölkerung. Hierzu wurden Daten von 559 deutschsprachigen Coaches mit Hilfe eines Persönlichkeitsfragebogen im Rahmen der Coachingumfrage Deutschland 2022 erhoben und mit vorhandenen Referenzdaten aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung verglichen. Die Datenerhebung zur Persönlichkeit erfolgte mit der deutschen Version des Big Five Inventory 2 (BFI-2). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die untersuchten Coaches signifikant extravertierter, verträglicher, gewissenhafter, offener und weniger emotional labil (neurotizistisch) als die Allgemeinbevölkerung sind.
Artificial intelligence enabled product–service innovation: past achievements and future directions
Authors: Naeem Rimsha , Kohtamäki Marko , Parida Vinit
Published: April 2024

This study intends to scrutinize the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Product-Service Innovation (PSI). The literature on AI enabled PSI, other related innovation business models, product-service systems, and servitization has grown significantly since 2018; therefore, there is a need to structure the literature in a systematic manner and add to what has been studied thus far. Product-service innovation is used to represent the relevance of achieving innovation in business models dealing with innovation outcomes including artificial intelligence. This study used bibliographic coupling to analyze 159 articles emerging from the fields of computer sciences, engineering, social sciences, decision sciences, and management. This review depicts structures of the literature comprising five (5) clusters, namely, (1) technology adoption and transformational barriers, which depicts the barriers faced during the adoption of AI-enabled technologies and following transformation; (2) data-driven capabilities and innovation, which highlights the data-based capabilities supported through AI and innovation; (3) digitally enabled business model innovation, which explained how AI-enabled business model innovation occurs; (4) smart design changes and sustainability, which reveals the working of AI in product service environments with different design changes and transformations based on sustainability; and (5) sectorial application, which highlights industry examples. Each cluster is comprehensively analyzed based on its contents, including central themes, models, theories, and methodologies, which help to identify the gaps and support suggestions for future research directions.
The Use of both Free and Microencapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus parvulus in Cucumber Pickles
Authors: Kirmizigul Peker Aysegul , Guney Damla , Sengun Ilkin
Published: April 2024

This is the first study to produce cucumber pickles using both free and microencapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HL4 and Pediococcus parvulus HL14, and to investigate the probiotic viability, as well as the physicochemical (pH, total acidity, salt, and color), bioactive (total phenolic content and antioxidant activity) and sensory properties of the pickles during 15 days of fermentation and 9 weeks of storage. L. plantarum HL4 and P. parvulus HL14 were encapsulated with sodium alginate (as a coating agent) and inulin (as a prebiotic source) using an extrusion method. The encapsulation efficiency of L. plantarum HL4 and P. parvulus HL14 was 95.77 ± 6.21% and 94.94 ± 2.94%, respectively. Both free and microencapsulated cells were incorporated into prepared cucumbers at a rate of 1%. Probiotic cucumber pickles kept the highest microencapsulated cell count (> 6 log CFU/g) until the fourth week of storage. This study indicated that the probiotic survivability in samples can be improved by microencapsulation. During fermentation, the pH and total acidity of the samples varied in the range of 3.22–3.97 and 0.19-0.87%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the samples ranged from 4.54 to 18.70% (DPPH) and from 51.92 to 88.06% (ABTS+). The total phenolic content of the samples varied between 142.83 and 2465.50 mg GAE/L. Moreover, CP-L (samples fermented with L. plantarum HL4) and CP-P (samples fermented with P. parvulus HL14) showed the highest general assessment scores of 6.90 and 6.95 at the end of storage, respectively. This study offers the opportunity for food companies to become competitive in one of the most innovative research areas in the food sector and to meet the requirements and needs of various consumer groups.
State of open science in cancer research
Authors: Rius Cristina , Liu Yiming , Sixto-Costoya Andrea , Valderrama-Zurián Juan Carlos , Lucas-Dominguez Rut
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study has been focused on assessing the Open Science scenario of cancer research during the period 2011–2021, in terms of the derived scientific publications and raw data dissemination.

Methods

A cancer search equation was executed in the Science Citation Index-Expanded, collecting the papers signed by at least one Spanish institution. The same search strategy was performed in the Data Citation Index to describe dataset diffusion.

Results

50,822 papers were recovered, 71% of which belong to first and second quartile journals. 59% of the articles were published in Open Access (OA) journals. The Open Access model and international collaboration positively conditioned the number of citations received. Among the most productive journals stood out Plos One, Cancers, and Clinical and Translational Oncology. 2693 genomics, proteomics and metabolomics datasets were retrieved, being Gene Expression Omnibus the favoured repository.

Conclusions

There has been an increase in oncology publications in Open Access. Most were published in first quartile journals and received higher citations than non-Open Access articles, as well as when oncological investigation was performed between international research teams, being relevant in the context of Open Science. Genetic repositories have been the preferred for sharing oncology datasets. Further investigation of research and data sharing in oncology is needed, supported by stronger Open Science policies, to achieve better data sharing practices among three scientific main pillars: researchers, publishers, and scientific organizations.
Reimagining Masculinity: Models of Masculinities in Italian Cisgender and Transgender Emerging Adults
Authors: Anzani Annalisa , Pavanello Decaro Sofia , Paganin Giulia , Siboni Laura , Portolani Daniel Michael , Prunas Antonio
Published: April 2024

Masculinities are defined as the repository of cultural and personal meanings attributed to men and boys. According to literature, masculinity ideals have an impact on how men behave. The present study aims at investigating how emerging adults interpret the concept of masculinity and embody and enact it. We were interested in understanding whether trans masculine and cisgender emerging adults conceptualized masculinity differently or similarly and whether they adopted different or similar strategies to act it out. To this aim, we conducted 6 focus groups with trans masculine (N = 16) and cisgender (N = 15) young adults. During the focus groups, participants discussed their concept of masculinity and how they embody and perform masculinity. Results showed that both groups identified social and bodily aspects in their conceptualization of masculinity. Although to varying extents, emerging adults were able to identify the limits of traditional models of masculinity. In both groups, markers for being recognized and affirming masculinity were found at both the bodily and social levels. Some peculiarities of the trans experience involve recognition of the privilege associated with masculinity, medicalized transition in order to achieve certain masculine markers, and a shift in perspective following social recognition of masculine identity.
Harmonic Flow of Quaternion-Kähler Structures
Authors: Fowdar Udhav , Sá Earp Henrique N.
Published: April 2024

We formulate the gradient Dirichlet flow of $$\textrm{Sp}(2)\textrm{Sp}(1)$$

Sp
(
2
)
Sp
(
1
)

-structures on 8-manifolds, as the first systematic study of a geometric quaternion-Kähler (QK) flow. Its critical condition of harmonicity is especially relevant in the QK setting, since torsion-free structures are often topologically obstructed. We show that the conformally parallel property implies harmonicity, extending a result of Grigorian in the $$\textrm{G}_2$$

G
2

case. We also draw several comparisons with $$\textrm{Spin}(7)$$

Spin
(
7
)

-structures. Analysing the QK harmonic flow, we prove an almost-monotonicity formula, which implies to long-time existence under small initial energy, via $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-regularity.We set up a theory of harmonic QK solitons, constructing a non-trivial steady example. We produce explicit long-time solutions: one, converging to a torsion-free limit on the hyperbolic plane; and another, converging to a limit which is harmonic but not torsion-free, on the manifold $$\textrm{SU}(3)$$

SU
(
3
)

. We also study compactness and the formation of singularities.
Die Gewalt „der Anderen“. Feministische Außenpolitik nach der Zeitenwende
Authors: Zilla Claudia
Published: April 2024

Geht deutsche feministische Außenpolitik über Gleichstellungspolitik und Gender-Mainstreaming hinaus? Schlägt sich das Bekenntnis zur feministischen Außenpolitik auf der Ebene wichtiger außenpolitischer Entscheidungen der Bundesregierung, also in high politics nieder? Ziel der Analyse ist es, ausgehend von den Ressortkonzepten und feministischen Ansätzen Ambivalenzen und Widersprüche einer feministischen deutschen Außenpolitik nach der Zeitenwende herauszuarbeiten.
Current status and future trends in particle therapy – lessons from an interdisciplinary workshop
Authors: Durante Marco
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To provide an introduction to the special issue containing the proceedings of the workshop on cancer therapy using hadrons (proton, carbon ions or boron neutron capture therapy) that was held in Pavia in October 2023 and organized by CNAO and IAEA.

Methods

Papers contained in the issue are briefly summarized.

Results

This issue contains a collection of papers from the workshop that provide a great opportunity to learn about the status and progress of this technology.

Conclusions

Particle therapy is exponentially growing worldwide. While several clinical trials are now providing convincing evidence of the effectiveness of the treatment in tumor control and reduced toxicity, the technology remains expensive and the cost effectiveness is still under debate. The IAEA-CNAO workshop provided a clear picture of the state of the art and future prospective of this technology.
Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ID-D01 Probiotic Supplementation on Exercise Performance and Gut Microbiota in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Jang Ye-Ji , Choi Han Sol , Oh Ikhoon , Chung Jae Hyuk , Moon Jin Seok
Published: April 2024

The gut microbiota composition in animals and humans has recently been found to be influenced by exercise. Although Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains have notable probiotic properties that promote human health, understanding of its effects in combination with exercise and physical activity is limited. Therefore, this study examined the effects of L. reuteri ID-D01, a human-derived probiotic, on exercise performance and fatigue in Sprague-Dawley rats. Organ weight, maximal running distance, serum biochemistry, muscle performance, microbial community composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were assessed. Results indicated that ID-D01 supplementation significantly improved endurance performance. Rats in the probiotic group demonstrated a significant increase in maximal running distance compared with that in the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, levels of fatigue markers, such as lactate and creatine phosphokinase, were significantly reduced in the ID-D01-administered groups, suggesting its potential to alleviate exercise-induced fatigue. Microbiome analysis revealed a distinct shift in gut microbiota composition in response to ID-D01 administration. The group that received ID-D01 probiotics exhibited a significant increase in the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria, particularly Akkermansia spp., compared with that in the control groups. Furthermore, they showed elevated production of SCFAs, such as acetate and butyrate. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that ID-D01 can enhance exercise performance and reduce fatigue. Herein, we highlighted that human-derived probiotics could improve physical performance, as observed by changes in gut microbiota composition and SCFA production.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Catalyst Supports Prepared from South African Coal Fly Ash
Authors: Aphane Mathibela E. , Maggott Emile D. , Doucet Frédéric J. , Mapolie Selwyn F. , Landman Marilé , van der Merwe Elizabet M.
Published: April 2024

The development of environmentally sustainable catalytic reaction systems for the oxidation of organic compounds has gained significant interest, with widespread application across various industries. This study investigates the suitability of mesoporous silica nanoparticles, synthesized from coal fly ash, as catalyst supports in the oxidation of veratryl alcohol, a compound that serves as a model to mimic the oxidation behavior of lignin-derived structures commonly found in biomass waste. A Cu(II) salicylaldimine complex was employed as the catalyst, with tert-Butyl hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Silica catalyst supports were synthesized from coal fly ash derived Na2SiO3 solutions. The effect of pre-dealumination of coal fly ash during Na2SiO3 preparation, variation of the surfactant in silica nanoparticle synthesis, and storage conditions of the catalyst supports on the performance of the coal fly ash derived silica catalyst supports were evaluated and compared to the performance of MCM-41 and SBA-15. The textural properties of the coal fly ash derived silica catalyst supports were notably influenced by the choice of surfactant used during its synthesis, while storage conditions affected the abundance of silanol groups necessary for successful catalyst immobilisation.

Graphical Abstract
Use of cactus pear pruning waste to improve soil properties and to produce high-quality compost
Authors: Bacchetta Loretta , Canditelli Margherita , Platamone Giovambattista , Procacci Silvia , Di Palma Paolo Roberto , Maccioni Oliviero , Montereali Maria Rita , Alisi Chiara , Forni Cinzia
Published: April 2024

Bio-fertilizers could be a possible solution to help manage bio-waste problems and to maintain soil health conditions, especially in organic farms. Pruning of cactus pear produces from 6 to 10 tons/yearly of cladodes per hectare in specialized Italian orchards, which represents waste and a cost for disposal to farmers. Therefore, the aim of the work was to investigate the effects on soil physical properties, microflora activity, and basil plant growth of powdered pruning waste from cactus pear incorporated in the soil (10%, 20%, 30% 40% w/w). Moreover, we studied a dynamic composting process from fresh cladodes to produce stabilized end-products at the farm level. Our studies demonstrated that holding water ability and bulk density of soil were ameliorated by supplementing dried cladodes. Thus, gravitational and gravimetric water was positively correlated with the increase of added dried cladode in the soil (0.1% and 6.2 g H2O ± 0.3 in samples of 40% mixed soil versus 68% and 3.3 g H2O ± 0.3 in control). Furthermore, bulk density was reduced limiting soil compaction. Preliminary results on microbial activity suggested a possible selection/inhibition of some bacterial strains correlated with the increment of dry cladode supplementation. The basil plants grown in 20% mixed soil showed an increased biomass when compared to the control (+ 21%). Finally, raw cladode proved to be an excellent substrate for aerobic fermentation providing a final product of good quality and high moisture content (65%). These results are particularly relevant in organic agriculture where bio-fertilizers are recommended as economical, eco-friendly solution accessible also to marginal and small farms.
“Dude, Come On, Like, Let’s Just Do the Thing”: Men’s and Women’s Navigations of Sexual Communication and Sexual Consent in Australia
Authors: Waling Andrea , James Alexandra , Moor Lily
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Notions of effective sexual communication and consent have shifted towards an enthusiastic consent framework. This study explored how young cisgender heterosexual men and women apply these concepts in casual sexual encounters.

Methods

Six single-gender and mixed gender focus groups of 44 participants were conducted with young cisgender heterosexual men and women living in Australia in 2021. Participants were asked about their dating and sexual practices, as well as their understanding and navigation of sexual communication and sexual consent practices using vignette methodologies. Findings were analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis techniques.

Results

The findings highlight tensions between how participants understand what constitutes good practices of sexual communication and consent, and how they expected characters in the vignettes, or themselves, to engage in similar scenarios. These involved (1) gendered power dynamics in sexual encounters; (2) the need for context in universal assumptions; and (3) differences between expectations and personal actions in similar scenarios.

Conclusions

The participants express a high degree of knowledge of what constitutes best practice for sexual communication and sexual consent. However, such knowledge is not necessarily engaged in their lived experiences of sex for a variety of reasons.

Policy Implications

While current educational and health promotion methods for topics such as sexual communication and consent are valuable, they may be limited in efficacy. Sexual encounters are often complex, and are influenced by culture, religion, and various emotions. Decision-making in such situations involves known and unknown variables. A deeper understanding of these processes is needed to develop more nuanced resources.
Valuation of the Teesta River water by Hydro Economic Model
Authors: Hossen M. A. , Connor J. , Ahammed F.
Published: April 2024

Hydro-Economic Models (HEMs) are powerful tools to analyse water scarcity and water management problems. The Teesta River which flows from India to Bangladesh has long been a source of dispute between India and Bangladesh. A win–win solution for the problem is important for the 1.2 billion people of the two neighboring countries. A Hydro-Economic Model (HEM) on the Teesta may provide sufficient information for the solution of the dispute. Most HEMs that treat transboundary water issues consider a narrow scope of water values including agriculture, hydropower, municipal, and tourism. However, water has many additional values. This study adds to the HEM literature by considering the values of fisheries, navigation, environment or sediment transport. A Teesta Hydro-Economic Model (THEM) was developed to represent a large range of economic values of water use during the dry season. Results show that the total water use value for a dry season is USD 41.5 million for India and USD 77 million for Bangladesh. The study shows that the benefit per unit volume of water for hydropower is the lowest among all types of water use. After performing an economic analysis, this study found a potential for trade-off between hydropower use in India and environmental use in Bangladesh. This study gives an idea about how to maximise the benefits from the river and how to mitigate the water sharing dispute.
Kenne Dein Korpus(system) gut?
Authors: Haß Ulrike
Published: April 2024

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit Überlegungen, die bei und über Korpusanalysen angestellt werden müssen, die im Zusammenhang mit Wörterbüchern angeboten werden. Dazu werden zwei exemplarische Forschungsfragen an jeweils zwei unterschiedliche Textkorpora gestellt: an eines der Metakorpora der Plattform DWDS (Berlin) und eines der Archive der Korpora des IDS (DeReKo I‑2023). Einmal geht es um Semantik und Pragmatik des Worts Alltagsrassismus, zum zweiten um eine DaF-relevante Frage, nämlich die nach der Häufigkeit verschiedener Arten von Artikelwörtern (einschließlich Begleiterpronomina). Substantive sollen – so die verbreitete Auffassung – immer »mit (bestimmtem) Artikel« gelernt werden. Aber kommen bestimmte Artikel wirklich am häufigsten vor? Im Zentrum des Beitrags stehen die Reflexionen, die bei der Korpusnutzung zu diesen Beispielfragen entstehen. Es wird dabei u. a. deutlich, dass es bei den heute verbreiteten integrierten Systemen aus Korpora und Wörterbüchern keineswegs nur darum geht, die quantitative und qualitative Beschaffenheit eines genutzten Korpus zu kennen, um Rechercheergebnisse angemessen einordnen zu können, sondern dass die digitalen Verbindungen von Korpora und Wörterbuch in Gestalt dieser Systeme den Komplexitätsgrad möglicher Reflexionen in problematischer Weise erhöhen.
Die Lektüre von Texten und Daten
Authors: Bubenhofer Noah
Published: April 2024

In meinem Artikel hinterfrage ich die traditionelle Trennung zwischen qualitativer und quantitativer Textanalyse und plädiere für eine integrierte Herangehensweise, die ich als Data Philology bezeichne. Ich argumentiere, dass das Lesen von Texten und Daten in ihrer Komplexität keinen grundlegenden Unterschied aufweist, insbesondere wenn man die Rolle diagrammatischer Transformationen, Algorithmisierung und maschineller Prozesse berücksichtigt.

Im Zentrum meiner Ausführungen steht die Korpuslinguistik, die durch statistische Methoden und digitale Codierung großangelegte Textanalysen ermöglicht. Diese Ansätze überschreiten die herkömmlichen Grenzen zwischen »close« und »distant reading«. Ich beleuchte, wie Computer als aktive Mitwirkende in Schreib- und Lesepraktiken fungieren und wie digitale wie auch analoge Methoden oft diagrammatische Operationen involvieren, die in komplexe Interpretationsprozesse eingebettet sind.

Ich vertrete die Ansicht, dass die Philologie von der Integration datenwissenschaftlicher Methoden profitieren kann, indem sie diese für philologische Forschungsinteressen nutzt. Ziel ist es, einen naiven Datenpositivismus zu vermeiden und statistische Modelle für interpretative Zwecke zugänglich zu machen.

Mein Artikel fordert dazu auf, traditionelle Sichtweisen zu überdenken und sich für eine Data Philology zu öffnen, die die neuesten Methoden der Datenanalyse kritisch integriert und für eine breitere Vielfalt an Textanalysen nutzt.

Das Abstract wurde maschinell mit ChatGPT (GPT 4.0 vom 3. Januar 2024) auf Basis des Manuskripts erstellt und nur minimal korrigiert.
Organic Waste as a Soundproofing Material: An Experimental Study
Authors: Buluklu Hatice Mehtap , Kocyigit Filiz Bal , Kose Ercan
Published: April 2024

Objective

The aim of the study is to develop new acoustic materials and panels that high sound transmission loss (STL), low carbon emissions, high sensitivity to human health, and also do not harm the indoor air quality. These materials are currently grown in Turkey and can be easily adopted in the industry. It has been comparatively analyzed that the developed materials can be alternatives to the synthetic materials on the market.

Methods

In the experiment box similar to Alpha Cabin, which was designed and developed before, the STL values were obtained by conducting experiments in the frequency range 500–8000 Hz. with many natural and synthetic materials. In the study, low carbon emission natural materials with a STL of more than 30 dB were selected.

Simulation

The experimentally measured samples were simulated in the acoustic module of the ANSYS program and compared with the results.

Conclusion

The main purpose of choosing cones and walnut shells grown in our country is to contribute to the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere and green areas by increasing the cultivation of pine and walnut trees. In the tests of the samples, it was determined that the highest STL was 63.27 dB in the concave and egg-shaped sample, and 62.41 dB in the concave walnut shell and egg form. It is envisaged that the materials we obtained can be used in the sound insulation of machines and devices that produce 85 dB and above sound harmful to human health according to ILO and WHO standards.
Overview of Spacecraft-Fragmentation Testing
Authors: Lopresti Stefano , Basana Federico , Olivieri Lorenzo , Giacomuzzo Cinzia , Francesconi Alessandro
Published: April 2024

Spacecraft fragmentation due to collisions with space debris is a major concern for space agencies and commercial entities, since in the next years the production of collisional fragments is expected to become the major source of space debris. Experimental studies have shown that the fragmentation process is highly complex and influenced by various factors, such as the satellite design, the material properties, the velocity and angle of the debris impact, and the point of collision (e.g., central, glancing, on spacecraft appendages). This paper summarizes the current state of research in spacecraft fragmentation, including the methods and techniques used to simulate debris impacts, the characterization of fragment properties and the analysis of the resulting debris cloud. It provides an overview of the main experiments performed, underlining the most critical issues observed. Moreover, it presents a set of experiments performed at the University of Padova and proposes some future directions for this research.
Optimized Convolutional Neural Network Using Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization for Sensor Based Human Activity Recognition
Authors: Ankalaki Shilpa , Thippeswamy M. N.
Published: April 2024

Hyperparameter optimization poses a significant challenge when developing deep neural networks. Building a convolutional neural network (CNN) for implementation can be an arduous and time-intensive task. This work proposed an approach to optimize the hyperparameters of one dimensional (1D-CNN) to improve the accuracy of human activity recognition (HAR). The framework includes a parametric depiction of 1D-CNNs along with an optimization process for hyperparameters aimed at maximizing the model's performance. This work designed the method called OPTConvNet for hyperparameter optimization of 1D-CNN using Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization (H-PSO). The H-PSO algorithm is designed to optimize the architectural, layer and training parameters of 1D-CNN. The H-PSO optimizes the architecture of the 1D-CNN at initial level. Layer and training hyperparameters will be optimized at the next level. The proposed approach employs an exponential-like inertia weight to fine-tune the balance between exploration and exploitation of particles to prevent premature convergence to a local optimum solution in the PSO algorithm. The H-PSO- CNN is evaluated on publicly available sensor- human activity recognition (S-HAR) datasets namely, UCI-HAR, Daphnet Gait, Opportunity and PAMPA2 datasets.
Interpolation and non-dilatable families of $$\mathcal {C}_{0}$$-semigroups
Authors: Dahya Raj
Published: April 2024

We generalise a technique of Bhat and Skeide (J Funct Anal 269:1539–1562, 2015) to interpolate commuting families $$\{S_{i}\}_{i \in \mathcal {I}}$$

{

S
i

}

i
∈
I

of contractions on a Hilbert space $$\mathcal {H}$$
H
, to commuting families $$\{T_{i}\}_{i \in \mathcal {I}}$$

{

T
i

}

i
∈
I

of contractive $$\mathcal {C}_{0}$$

C
0

-semigroups on $$L^{2}(\prod _{i \in \mathcal {I}}\mathbb {T}) \otimes \mathcal {H}$$

L
2

(

∏

i
∈
I

T
)

⊗
H

. As an excursus, we provide applications of the interpolations to time-discretisation and the embedding problem. Applied to Parrott’s construction (1970), we then demonstrate for $$d \in \mathbb {N}$$

d
∈
N

with $$d \ge 3$$

d
≥
3

the existence of commuting families $$\{T_{i}\}_{i=1}^{d}$$

{

T
i

}

i
=
1

d

of contractive $$\mathcal {C}_{0}$$

C
0

-semigroups which admit no simultaneous unitary dilation. As an application of these counter-examples, we obtain the residuality wrt.the topology of uniform $$\textsc {wot}$$

W
O
T

-convergence on compact subsets of $$\mathbb {R}_{\ge 0}^{d}$$

R

≥
0

d

of non-unitarily dilatable and non-unitarily approximable d-parameter contractive $$\mathcal {C}_{0}$$

C
0

-semigroups on separable infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces for each $$d \ge 3$$

d
≥
3

. Similar results are also developed for d-tuples of commuting contractions. And by building on the counter-examples of Varopoulos-Kaijser (1973–74), a 0-1-result is obtained for the von Neumann inequality. Finally, we discuss applications to rigidity as well as the embedding problem, viz. that ‘typical’ pairs of commuting operators can be simultaneously embedded into commuting pairs of $$\mathcal {C}_{0}$$

C
0

-semigroups, which extends results of Eisner (2009–2010).
When parents die: Bereavement, decision-making and achieving adult personhood in rural Togo
Authors: Häberlein Tabea
Published: April 2024

Death has received considerable attention in the social sciences when it comes to rites of passage, for example, funerals, cremations, vigils, or memorial services. As elders pass away, the generations shift, and former youths become elders themselves. This paper presents the case of my host father, a local notable in northern Togo, who died in 2018 and was honoured by an extensive mourning ritual the following year. Drawing on intense and active participant observation, I show the challenges my host sibling group faced in achieving social adulthood. Through daily decision-making processes, this group of grown sons and daughters shaped, manipulated and reorganised the configuration of rituals, addressing issues of succession, conflicts between animist and Christian rites, and whether to classify cattle gifts as ancestral honours or delayed bridal gifts. Making such decisions at the end of elders’ lives is a crucial process for the rising generation to achieve adult social status.
New insights on climate change and adaptation research in Brazil: a bibliometric and bibliographic review
Authors: Chiquetto Júlio Barboza , Nolasco Marcelo Antunes
Published: April 2024

We present a thorough analysis of the scientific production in climate change and adaptation in Brazil. We conducted a bibliometric and bibliographic review to reveal and discuss how climate change research has been carried out. We compared a broader climate change research dataset with a more specific climate adaptation research dataset, to understand the main differences and convergence points, and how science conducted from a mitigation and adaptation perspective demonstrates potential to confront the climate change challenges and drivers in Brazil. Four main clusters of investigation within climate change were detected: (1) impacts on forest and plant development, (2) land use and ecology, (3) adaptation/governance, and (4) climate/atmospheric studies. Only about 5% of the total studies on climate change address adaptation, for which three main clusters of research were identified: (1) adaptation actions and policies; (2) urban environment, vulnerability, and health and (3) food and coastal impacts. Although there are strong research trends in climate change for the Amazon Forest, there was less evidence of studies concerning climate adaptation for this and other Brazilian biomes, smaller cities, rural and traditional communities, and poorer regions. Our results shed a light on the more commonly chosen research topics, their strongest points and potential gaps and trends. This can contribute to the scientific communication and implementation of climate actions in Brazil, and a better understanding of the climate science knowledge from the perspective of a middle-income country.
Airborne pollutants collection and analysis based on their fluorescence spectral measurements: a case study on diesel exhaust combustion particles
Authors: Sprincean Veaceslav , Chirita Arcadi , Astilean Simion , Focsan Monica , Craciun Ana-Maria , Paladi Florentin
Published: April 2024

Collection of the airborne pollutants by using our prototyped device was followed by their analyses based on the performed fluorescence spectral measurements for three samples collected on the quartz substrates and on the surface of a silicon monocrystalline (opaque) wafer. Results for combustion particulate matter from diesel exhaust, including a comparison with air pollutants analysis for microparticles collected on a street in Chisinau city during rush hour, are presented. The strength of the proposed method represents the possibility to study directly the airborne solid microparticles collected on different substrates, and it is suitable for studying air pollution on large areas and at different altitudes by using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Microparticles fluorescence spectroscopy results indicate that the individual particles exhibit composite fluorescence spectra.
Toxic Stress
Authors: Wulsin Lawson R.
Published: April 2024

Our stress response system is magnificent - it operates beneath our awareness, like an orchestra of organs playing a hidden symphony. When we are healthy, the orchestra plays effortlessly, but what happens when our bodies face chronic stress, and the music slips out of tune? The alarming rise of stress-related conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, and depression, show the price we're paying for our high-pressure living, while global warming, pandemics and technology have brought new kinds of stress into all our lives. But what can we do about it? Explore the fascinating mysteries of our hidden stress response system with Dr. Wulsin, who uses his decades of experience to show how toxic stress impacts our bodies; he gives us the expert advice and tools needed to prevent toxic stress from taking over. Chapter by chapter, learn to help your body and mind recover from toxic stress.
European Health Data Space – Is the Proposed Certification System Effective against Cyber Threats?
Authors: Casarosa Federica
Published: April 2024

The proposal for a European Health Data Space aims at creating a common space where individuals may control their health data in a trusted and secure way. The objective is not only improving healthcare delivery, but also enhancing the opportunities to use health data for research and innovation. To achieve these results, the proposal implements a mandatory self-certification scheme for European health records systems as well as for wellness devices and applications, setting up essential requirements related to interoperability and security. Although this is the first intervention that sets a horizontal framework that is mandatory for all Member States, the security requirements that are included in the legislative proposal are not sufficiently detailed and comprehensive. Given that cyberthreats are increasing and security incidents affecting health data may potentially have an impact on the lives of patients, it is important that cybersecurity measures are adopted and implemented in the most effective way. The paper will analyse the European Health Data Space proposal pointing to the open issues and doubts that may be emerging and it will compare them with the proposed Cyber Resilience Act, identifying the issues that may be solved thanks to this horizontal regulation and the ones that instead remain open.
Logarithmic Donaldson–Thomas theory
Authors: Maulik Davesh , Ranganathan Dhruv
Published: April 2024

Let X be a smooth and projective threefold with a simple normal crossings divisor D. We construct the Donaldson–Thomas theory of the pair

$(X|D)$

enumerating ideal sheaves on X relative to D. These moduli spaces are compactified by studying subschemes in expansions of the target geometry, and the moduli space carries a virtual fundamental class leading to numerical invariants with expected properties. We formulate punctual evaluation, rationality and wall-crossing conjectures, in parallel with the standard theory. Our formalism specializes to the Li–Wu theory of relative ideal sheaves when the divisor is smooth and is parallel to recent work on logarithmic Gromov–Witten theory with expansions.
Dimensional homogeneity constrained gene expression programming for discovering governing equations
Authors: Ma Wenjun , Zhang Jun , Feng Kaikai , Xing Haoyun , Wen Dongsheng
Published: April 2024

Data-driven discovery of governing equations is of great significance for helping us understand intrinsic mechanisms and build physical models. Recently, numerous highly innovative algorithms have emerged, aimed at inversely discovering the underlying governing equations from data, such as sparse regression-based methods and symbolic regression-based methods. Along this direction, a novel dimensional homogeneity constrained gene expression programming (DHC-GEP) method is proposed in this work. The DHC-GEP simultaneously discovers the forms and coefficients of functions using basic mathematical operators and physical variables, without requiring preassumed candidate functions. The constraint of dimensional homogeneity is capable of filtering out the overfitting equations effectively. The key advantages of DHC-GEP compared with the original gene expression programming, including being more robust to hyperparameters, the noise level and the size of datasets, are demonstrated on two benchmark studies. Furthermore, DHC-GEP is employed to discover the unknown constitutive relations of two representative non-equilibrium flows. Galilean invariance and the second law of thermodynamics are imposed as constraints to enhance the reliability of the discovered constitutive relations. Comparisons, both quantitative and qualitative, indicate that the derived constitutive relations are more accurate than the conventional Burnett equations in a wide range of Knudsen numbers and Mach numbers, and are also applicable to the cases beyond the parameter space of the training data.
Viscoelastic wetting: Cox–Voinov theory with normal stress effects
Authors: Kansal Minkush , Bertin Vincent , Datt Charu , Eggers Jens , Snoeijer Jacco H.
Published: April 2024

The classical Cox–Voinov theory of contact line motion provides a relation between the macroscopically observable contact angle, and the microscopic wetting angle as a function of contact-line velocity. Here, we investigate how viscoelasticity, specifically the normal stress effect, modifies the wetting dynamics. Using the thin film equation for the second-order fluid, it is found that the normal stress effect is dominant at small scales yet can significantly affect macroscopic motion. We show that the effect can be incorporated in the Cox–Voinov theory through an apparent microscopic angle, which differs from the true microscopic angle. The theory is applied to the classical problems of drop spreading and dip coating, which shows how normal stress facilitates (inhibits) the motion of advancing (receding) contact lines. For rapid advancing motion, the apparent microscopic angle can tend to zero, in which case the dynamics is described by a regime that was already anticipated in Boudaoud (Eur. Phys. J. E, vol. 22, 2007, pp. 107–109).
Transient subglacial water routing efficiency modulates ice velocities prior to surge termination on Sít’ Kusá, Alaska
Authors: Terleth Yoram , Bartholomaus Timothy C. , Liu Jukes , Beaud Flavien , Mikesell Thomas Dylan , Enderlin Ellyn Mary
Published: April 2024

Glacier surges are opportunities to study large amplitude changes in ice velocities and accompanying links to subglacial hydrology. Although the surge phase is generally explained as a disruption in the glacier's ability to drain water from the bed, the extent and duration of this disruption remain difficult to observe. Here we present a combination of in situ and remotely sensed observations of subglacial water discharge and evacuation during the latter half of an active surge and subsequent quiescent period. Our data reveal intermittently efficient subglacial drainage prior to surge termination, showing that glacier surges can persist in the presence of channel-like subglacial drainage and that successive changes in subglacial drainage efficiency can modulate active phase ice dynamics at timescales shorter than the surge cycle. Our observations favor an explanation of fast ice flow sustained through an out-of-equilibrium drainage system and a basal water surplus rather than binary switching between states in drainage efficiency.