bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A better understanding of our number system
Authors: Claspill Eileen K.
Published: October 2020

Most students and many adults have difficulty understanding our number system. The Hindu-Arabic system which we use is a tens system. The place value, beyond the units place, that each number holds is based on the power of the number ten. For example, the nine in 1906 is in the hundreds place which means that its value is nine times ten squared. The one is in the thousands place which means that its value is one times ten cubed or one times ten to the third power (10×l0×l0).
In the classroom: Including the newer mathematics with the regular program of the primary grades
Authors: Deans Edwina
Published: October 2020

School systems today find themselves in the position of making many decisions with regard to the newer mathematics. Few complete courses in the newer mathematics are available for general use at the present time. If a school system decides to venture forth into the new mathematics at the primary level, choice is decidedly limited. Most school systems operate on the basic textbook plan for arithmetic texts which means that book selections are made for a definite period of time. It will be several years before revisions will be made in the currently used textbooks which will incorporate the newer mathematics, or before new series can be prepared. In the interim how can the primary teacher improve the regular program by enriching it with experiences from the newer mathematics? These experiences, of course, must be elected in such a way that they will really enrich and supplement, but not interfere with, or conflict with the regular program. They must be selected with consideration of a long-range plan so that mistakes will not be made which with be regretted later. It is with these ideas in mind that the experiences presented in this article have been categorized to fit in with certain accepted basic abilities. Among the abilities which are considered important in all primary programs are these: (1) the number system and place value; (2) addit ion and subtraction of whole numbers; (3) multiplicat ion and division of whole numbers.
Modular arithmetic
Authors: Haines Margaret
Published: October 2020

A new type a rithmetic obtained from a “clocklike” number system is called modular arithmetic. It may also be called finite number systems because these have only a specific number of numbers in the system. It is used for all machines with dials or with a finite number of numbers. “Scientists find it useful in t he study of atoms which have shells of electrons.” 1 The limited number of numbers in the entire system makes it relatively simple.
Meaning of an arithmetic test score
Authors: Rusch Reuben R. , Brown John A. , Delong Arthur R.
Published: October 2020

The arithmetic test1 shown in Figure 1 was given to thirty-five mathematics teachers representing various geographic areas of the United States.2 These teachers had been awarded National Science Foundation Scholarships on the basis of training and demonstrated competence. They were asked to imagine themselves to be Billy Brown's teacher and to grade Billy's arithmetic test, adding any comments they considered appropriate.
Three lessons in Soviet arithmetic, grade 5
Authors: Sherman Homer C.
Published: October 2020

The following is a result of a translation of the first three lessons in a fifth-grade Soviet arithmetic class. Each lesson is forty-five minutes in length. The students are comparable in age to typical sixth-grade American students.
What arithmetic in second grade?
Authors: Neureiter Paul R. , Wozencraft Marian
Published: October 2020

It. was the aim of the “action research” reported here first, to substantiate Brownell's assertions, and second, to make a conLribution to the development of a better rlementary-school curriculum by showing that arithmetic content can be redistributed between the primary and intermediate grades. For we believe that most elementary curricula overload the third grade with an excess of new topics while the children of the primary grades are not being occupied to full capacity.
New vistas in primary arithmetic
Authors: Booth Anne C.
Published: October 2020

My checking account is in a state of turmoil at this moment. Obviously, I'm not a mathematician! I would venture, nevertheless, to tell of an experience in teaching a primary grade in which the arithmetic classes sometimes turned into mathematics classes, and mathematics classes into a period of the most exciting discovery for all (including me).
The forest or the trees
Authors: Mueller Francis J.
Published: October 2020

The forces of curriculum change in mathematics have now begun to press down in earnest upon the elementary school. One effect has been increased attention by teacher and administrators to the various experimental programs at that level. But as praetitioners survey materials and published reports of the School Mathematics Study Group, University of Illinois Arithmetic Project, Madison Project, the Suppes and Greater Cleveland programs, and as they listen to the advocates of the Cuisenaire, Stern, and Montessori approaches, to say nothing of the claims of some textbook publishers, they are dazed by what appears to be a tremendous diversity. Their bewilderment often finds expression in a plaintive, “Why don't you experts get together and agree on some program so that we in the elementary school can follow it?”
Multiplication memos for Dr. Mowrer
Authors: Lutz Marie
Published: October 2020

In the January issue of The Arithmetic Teacher,1 Dr. Mowrer voices concern about multiplication. He says, “Here is the first horn of our dilemma: when you ‘multiply’ a number by a fraction, you get, as the answer, not a greater number but a smaller one. This development seems to do violence to the whole concept of ‘multiplication’. …”
The results of a modern mathematics program
Authors: Ruddell Arden K.
Published: October 2020

Many groups have proposed and prepared programs for improving mathematics instruction at the junior high school level.1 Most of these programs have reemphasized the importance of insight, meaning, discovery, and understanding as the content and structure of mathematics has been reorganized. The various modern mathematics programs for Grades 7 and 8 appear to have one central purpose in common—the improvement of the general mathematical competence of all people.
Formalism in arithmetic programs
Authors: Hartung Maurice L.
Published: October 2020

Much of the adverse criticism of the teaching of arithmetic in the past can be summed up in one sentence. The complaint has been that too often the learning has been “mere formalism.” In this eontext the term “formalism” means that mathematics becomes a game played with symbols according to fixed rules. Little or no attention is paid to the “meaning” of the symbols; that is, the nature of the objects, operations, and relations that are symbolized. Lack of understanding by students, lack of motivation, lack of satisfactory achievement, lack of ability to apply mathematics in problem solving, and other more specific complaints are often attributable, in the last analysis, to excessive formalism.
Number concepts and preschool children
Authors: McDowell Louise K.
Published: October 2020

We are questioning, debating, searching, asking ourselves and others, “What about the mathematics program in the kinder-garten? How much mathematics should we teach our kindergarteners?"
Research should guide us
Authors: Gane James T.
Published: October 2020

At the outset it should be stated that not all research findings are valid. Due to faulty techniques and subjective interpretation, the conclusions of many studies are not applicable to the ordinary classroom. In addition, all research is tentative and subject to possible modification by the results of subsequent studies. To a considerable measure, however, the improvement of learning in arithmetic is dependent upon the extent to which the classroom teacher is familiar with the findings of research and the degree to which he utilizes that knowledge.
Atravessamentos pictóricos e afetivos em A escuridão, o corpo vermelho e o fascínio
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Mani Pedro Yugo Sano
Published: October 2020

O artigo traz relato de um processo composicional musical que teve como fonte de materiais e ideias poéticas uma pintura da artista plástica Tomie Ohtake. Serão discutidos diferentes aspectos do trajeto criativo, de modo a serem ilustradas as ferramentas de escrita escolhidas, a definição de aspectos formais e as potências poéticas envolvidas. Além disso, serão comentadas algumas influências de outras fontes ligadas ao contexto da composição. Desta forma, busca-se mostrar uma possibilidade de trabalho para lidar com a problemática de criar música a partir de uma obra visual.
Meteoritos no pomar: sobre o potencial construtivo da integração funcional
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Oliveira Francisco Zmekhol Nascimento de
Published: October 2020

De Monteverdi a Mahler, R. Strauss e o jovem Schoenberg, a tonalidade constantemente desafiou suas próprias bases morfológicas e mostrou-se, ademais, rica em formas e em procedimentos formais. O presente artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar o potencial construtivo de um procedimento composicional que denomino integração funcional, o qual consiste em imbuir contextualmente de funcionalidade acordes, fragmentos melódicos etc. concebidos por meios alienígenas à tonalidade funcional. Para tanto, exponho aqui os mínimos requisitos morfológicos para que as propriedades construtivas da tonalidade – como, e.g., as relações funcionais entre seções formais ou as relações de reciprocidade entre níveis locais e níveis mais amplos de organização harmônica – operem; e relato o processo de composição de uma peça para clarineta, na qual realizo um tal processo de integração funcional. Concluo, em especial, que esse procedimento propiciou uma relação constante de descoberta com a tonalidade e com a forma resultante, não prescrita e singular.
Rascunho: a presença do papel, da escuta e do tempo
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo / Fapesp / CNPq, ferraz silvio
Published: October 2020

Neste texto, que segue em fluxo de vai e vem, quase metáfora do processo composicional que narra, faço um apanhado de procedimentos composicionais recorrentes em meu trabalho de criação e que tem por ponto de partida o canto dos pássaros e modelos simples como princípio de gênese ritmo-melódica e mesmo harmônica. Em sua parte central, apresento a fundamentação teórica em uma leitura poética (relacionada não à filosofia ou teorias, mas a modelos de criação), com base na alagmática proposta por Gilbert Simondon em seu L’individuation à la lumière des notions de forme et d’information e no conjunto de aulas reunidas no livro Imagination et Invention. Busco deste modo pensar a continuidade musical entre heterogêneos por consistência local, em alternativa à noção tradicional de unidade lógica e ideal entre homogêneos.
Escuta, construção, composição
Authors:   UFMG - Escola de Música, Barbosa Rogério Vasconcelos
Published: October 2020

O texto discute o processo de composição de quatro obras do autor utilizando as noções de “material musical” e “modelo”. Modelo seria uma combinação de traços formais que se extrai de um material musical com o objetivo de se projetar em outro contexto. Os modelos envolvem princípios de organização que se aplicam a diferentes aspectos da dimensão formal da música. São analisados diversos trechos de peças do autor a partir das mesmas noções. Discute-se também a utilização da modelagem computacional (CAC) no processo de composição.
O Pensamento Musical e Ideológico de Claudio Santoro na sua Fase Nacionalista: o Caso da VI Sinfonia
Authors:   Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Pereira Flávio Santos , Mendes Sérgio Nogueira ,   Universidade de Brasília - UnB
Published: October 2020

A primeira fase serial, de transição e, especialmente, o período nacionalista (1949-1960) de Claudio Santoro caracterizam-se por um crescente comprometimento ideológico. Na fase nacionalista esse comprometimento se aprofunda com a adesão às normativas do II Congresso Internacional de Compositores e Críticos Musicais, acontecido na cidade de Praga, em 1948, com o fim de definir a orientação estética em música do realismo socialista. Esta adesão tem consequências profundas no desenvolvimento estilístico de Santoro, levando- -o a abandonar as técnicas atonais e seriais em favor da estética nacionalista. Neste artigo contextualizaremos essa transformação estilística da perspectiva da sua produção sinfônica, defendendo a tese de que é na Sexta Sinfonia onde se consolidam os princípios ideológicos e, também, os princípios técnicos composicionais adotados em razão da defesa e prática da estética nacionalista. Abordaremos o desenvolvimento do pensamento ideológico de Santoro. Apontaremos as influências que lhe foram determinantes, como o sinfonismo russo, destacando na análise musical a influência da Primeira Escola de Viena no processo composicional da Sexta Sinfonia.
Moderated Mediation Model from Stress to Burnout among Health Professionals
Authors: Yang Tianan , Lei Run , Li Pei-Ru , Lim Ai Yin , Sun Yangyang , Deng Jianwei , Lin Sheue-Rong , See Lai-Chu
Published: October 2020

Objectives: It is unclear whether poor health is a contributing factor or a consequence of burn-out. We aimed to explore the relationship among job stress, physical health, mental health, burnout, and coping strategies among health professionals using a moderated mediation model.
Methods: Health professionals in Taiwan were invited using a stratified and probability proportional to size sampling. A structure equation model (SEM) was used to examine relationships among job stress, burnout, and physical/mental health. The bootstrapping approach for moderated mediation
analysis was then used to explore the role of coping strategies. Results: Totally 935 health professionals participated. The SEM model revealed that job stress was inversely associated with physical and mental health. The direct association between job stress and burn-out was insignificant.
Moderated mediation analysis revealed that job stress influenced burnout through physical health and mental health, and that the coping strategy of support-seeking moderated the indirect effect only through mental health. Conclusions: Support-seeking is a good coping strategy for health
professionals to buffer the harmful effects of job stress on mental health.
The Arabic Version of the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 (PID-5) in a Clinical Sample of United Arab Emirates (UAE) Nationals
Authors: Coelho Olga , Pires Rute , Ferreira Ana Sousa , Gonçalves Bruno , Alkhoori Samia A. , Sayed Mohamed A. , ElRasheed Amany , Belhoul Sara , AlJassmi Maryam , Stocker Joana
Published: October 2020

Objectives: We aimed to test the potential of the Arabic version of the PID-5 to distinguish between clinical and non-clinical participants, as well as to examine its convergent validity and factor structure in an Emirati clinical sample. Methods: The Arabic version of
the PID-5 was administered to a clinical sample comprised of 156 participants (Mage = 31.38, SD = 8.99, 37.8% male, 62.2% female) and a community sample also comprised of 156 participants (Mage = 31.43, SD = 9.52, 37.2% male, 62.8% female). We addressed the descriptive
measures, internal consistency, mean rank scores differences, convergent validity with SCL-90-R, and PID-5's factor structure. Results: As expected, the clinical sample presented statistically significantly higher scores than the non-clinical sample, with medium to high effect sizes.
In addition, all the PID-5 domains showed positive correlations with most of the symptomatic constellations of the SCL-90-R as well as the PID-5 facets with all their SCL-90-R counterparts. However, our findings did not entirely replicate the PID-5 original 5-factor structure, as only a 4-factor
solution was retained. Conclusions: Future studies with the Arabic PID-5 in clinical samples are needed to understand its relevance and clinical utility in Arabic countries.
In-depth accessibility study - Regional development impacts in the Nordic countries
Authors: Penje Oskar , Wang Shinan , Walk Teodor
Published: October 2020

This accessibility study is an annex to the main VOPD main report and shows the current situation regarding the potential geographic accessibility of health care for the residents in the VOPD case study regions. The report also addresses the situation regarding the potential accessibility of social care for the elderly population in the VOPD case study municipalities.
Kronik
Authors: Philipson Lotte
Published: October 2020

Indhold: Udstillingen "På given foranledning..."; Bjørn Bursel i Fiolstræde; Forhallens ottekantede montre; Nye bøger; Enestående Søren Kierkegaard-manuskript overdraget til Det kongelige Bibliotek; Erhvervelser; Udlån til udstillinger; Besøg; Det kongelige Bibliotek i Forum, Bog Forum; Frimærkehandler og jernbanehistoriker Peer Olav Thomassens Fond; Personalia
Henrettelsen. En sandfærdig beretning om et grueligt mord, en henrettelse og et følsomt øjenvidne
Authors: Sørensen Jørgen Thorning
Published: October 2020

Henrettelsen. En sandfærdig beretning om et grueligt mord, en henrettelse og et følsomt øjenvidne
Kronik
Authors: Leergaard Joan
Published: October 2020

Indhold: Foredrag; I Hitler-Tysklands skygge. De danske jøder 1933-1945; Foredragsrække om breve og brevsamlinger; Brunch på biblioteket; H.O. Lange-Prisen; Det Kongelige Biblioteks årsberetning 2002; Adgang til over 10.000 elektroniske bøger Det Kongelige Bibliotek tilbydes nu via Elektra; Nørrebros Teater i 50 år; REX; Digitaliserede kort fra Kortsamlingen; Fotografisk Atelier på Det Kongelige Bibliotek modtog i maj Foreningen for Boghaandværks diplom; Musikarrangementer; Udstillinger; Erhvervelser;
Kronik
Authors: Leergaard Joan
Published: October 2020

Indhold: Bøger og bibliotek; Sponsoraftale; Montanasalen; Montana Møbler A/S,; Korttyveri opklaret; Netadadgang med egen bærbare pc på Amager; BogForum 2004: Bevar bogen; H.C. Andersen-brevbiografi på nettet; Peder Laales Ordsprog online; Lucretius i ny udgave; Niels Schiørrings verdslige samlinger nu Online; Udstillinger; HOLCK - Politikens bladtegner gennem 40 år; UNSETTLED - 8 sydafrikanske fotografer; Oktogonen; Foredrag; Musikarrangementer; Berliner-Symfonier – CPHrDOX; Nordic Music Days; Debutkoncert: Nishiki Sano¸ Canadian Association of Research Libraries; Erhvervelser;
Kronik & Publikationer
Authors: Philipson Lotte
Published: October 2020

Indhold: Publikationer; Erhvervelser; Bogforum; Kulturnat; Musikalsk bryllupsgave til Kronprinsparret; Musik; Foredrag; Udstillinger; Det Kongelige Bibliotek på webben; Nyt revolutionerende søgesystem; Primo; Bøger og bibliotek
Kronik og publikationer
Authors: Philipson Lotte
Published: October 2020

Indhold: Bøger og bibliotek; Ny bog om Småtrykssamlingen i Det Kongelige Bibliotek; H.O. Lange-Prisen for stor H.C. Ørsted-biografi; H.C. Andersens livsrejse med vennerne; Det Kongelige Bibliotek på nettet; Danske bøger op til 1600 nu på nettet; Luftfoto over Danmark 1944; Udstillinger; Foredrag; International forfatterscene; Bret Easton Ellis; Philip Pullman; A.S. Byatt; Fay Weldon; Herta Müller; Kulturnat i Den Sorte Diaman; Slaget ved Als og Dybbøl; Forfatteren Tom Buk-Swienty; Musik; Erhvervelser; Kongeligt biblioteksbord hos Royal Copenhagen; Publikationer
Indsamling iværksat af Dansk Folkemindesamling - i fortid, nutid og fremtid
Authors: Halskov Hansen Lene
Published: October 2020

Arkivforeningen afholdt den 7. maj 2013 et seminar, som havde til formål at vise, hvordan arkiver og museer omsætter idéen om aktiv indsamling i praksis. En af deltagerne var Folkemindesamlingens Lene Halskov Hansen, hvis oplæg gengives her i revideret form.
Søren Kierkegaard - den nye udgave
Authors: Nicolaisen Ida
Published: October 2020

I februar 2013 afsluttedes den hidtil største – og eneste – samlede, kommenterede udgave af Søren Kierkegaards (1813-1855) trykte og utrykte skrifter, journaler, notesbøger og løse papirer samt breve og dedikationer efter 18 års arbejde i det til formålet af Danmarks Grundforskningsfond i 1994 oprettede Søren Kierkegaard Forskningscenter (SKC), ledet af direktør og dr.theol. Niels Jørgen Cappelørn, der i 2010 blev kaldet til et professorat i Kierkegaard-studier samtidig med, at Forskningscenteret blev indlejret i Det Teologiske Fakultet under Københavns Universitet. I 1999 oprettedes Fonden for Søren Kierkegaard Forskningscenteret, der har været forestået af en bestyrelse,1 udpeget af  Grundforskningsfonden, hvori dekanen for Københavns Universitets Teologiske Fakultet og direktørerne for Det Kongelige Bibliotek og Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab har været udpeget. På Søren Kierkegaards 200 års fødselsdag d. 5. maj afsluttedes Fondens virke med en overdragelse af den trykte udgave af Søren Kierkegaards Skrifter (kaldet SKS-B), der i 55 bind udkom på Gads Forlag 1997-2013, og rettighederne til den til Københavns Universitet og af den elektroniske (kaldet SKS-E), se , til Det Kongelige Bibliotek. Ved overrækkelsen i Universitetets festsal holdt bestyrelsens formand Ida Nicolaisen nedenstående overrækkelsestale, der skildrer arbejdet i historisk og nutidigt perspektiv.
Kronik
Authors: Philipson Lotte
Published: October 2020

Indhold: Sensationelt nodefund; 400 år gamle ukendte musikalier har oprindeligt tilhørt flensborgeren Johannes Hartmann (f 1606); Niels W. Gade 1817-1890; Peter Sekaer - fotografier fra 1930'ernes USA; Dramatisk Bibliotek er flyttet til Det Kongelige Bibliotek; Sommerkoncerter; Hjalmar Soderbergsållskapet besøger Det kongelige Bibliotek; DANTDA-stipendiater i Bogbinderiet; Erhvervelser; Udstillingslån; Personalia
Register til Meddelelser fra Rigsbibliotekaren og Magasin fra Det Kongelige Bibliotek og Universitetsbiblioteket i 1972-1990
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: October 2020

FORORDGennem mange år har Magasin og dets forgænger Meddelelser fra Rigsbibliotekaren bragt artikler af biblioteksfagligt, historisk, litterært eller kulturpolitisk indhold. Sigtet har overejende været at formidle oplysninger om bibliotekernes indhold og opgaver eller formidle emner med udgangspunkt heri. Som tiden går, bliver det vanskeligere at bevare overblikket over tidsskrifter, der også i retrospektivt perspektiv rummer stof af varig værdi. Til hjælp for især de interne brugere har Kontakt- og Oplysningsafdelingen udarbejdet et fuldstændigt forfatter- og anonymtitelregister til denne del af tidsskriftet i perioden 1972-1990. Kronik- og meddelelsesstoffet vil blive medtaget i en senere udgave, når ressourcerne muliggør det.Registret udsendes til Interne Meddelelsers brugere, der må formodes at have størst nytte heraf.Forsåvidt angår Magasins sigte gennem de senere år, henvises til forordet til årgang 5 (1990:1).Erland Kolding Nielsen
Kronik
Authors: Philipson Lotte
Published: October 2020

Indhold: Med lov skal land bygges. Jyske Lov 1241 – 1991; Europæisk humanisme og nylatin; Forhallens ottokantede montre; Ålands kultur og historie; Alle mand af huse på Det kongelige Bibliotek; Samtlige medarbejdere var i juli-august 1991 i magasinerne for at stregkode 1/4 million bøger. Det drejede sig om værker, der i forvejen var registrerede i bibliotekets online-katalog REX; Orientalske manuskripter; Erhvervelser; Besøg; Personalia;
Kronik
Authors: Philipson Lotte
Published: October 2020

Indhold: To verdener mødtes: Europa • Amerika; Columbus; Den ottekantede montre i Forhallen på Slotsholmen; Seminar om automatisk retro-konvertering i København; REX; MARC format; En "overset" salme- og sangskat: Franckenau's samling; Erhvervelser; Besøg; Bidrag til udstillinger; Personalia;
Kronik
Authors: Philipson Lotte
Published: October 2020

Indhold: Ukendte Italica; Udstilling på Det kongelige Bibliotek Amager 11. febr. - 4. marts 1994; Typer & Tegn. Et udvalg af Austin Grandjeans grafiske arbejder gennem 40 år; Udstilling på Det kongelige Bibliotek Slotsholmen 29. marts - 7. maj 1994; Den ottekantede montre; Udlån til udstillinger; Eksil i Danmark!; Besøg; Erhvervelser; Personalia;
Transiting to International Financial Reporting Standards for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Ethiopia: Benefits and Costs
Authors: Hunde Dagnachew Abera , Bayu Kefiyalew Belachew
Published: October 2020

In every nation in the world small and medium enterprises (SME) have a crucial role in the Socio-economic development. Thus Over a decade’s they are increasingly attracting different stakeholder’s attention. It is in this regard the International Accounting standard Board (IASB) issued IFRS for SMEs in July 09, 2009. This study examined the Benefits and Costs of transiting to International financial reporting standard for Small and Medium sized Enterprises (IFRS for SMEs) in Ethiopia. So as to achieve this objective the researcher used mixed research approach. Semi-structured interview and questionnaires were used as an important tool for gathering the necessary data from tour operators as target group. From 320 SMEs given population size, 32 SMEs firms selected using systematic sampling technique and 93 is the sample size of respondents chosen from 32 SME firms based on Judgmental sampling technique.

It was found in this study the benefit of transition towards IFRS for SME is expected to decreases the information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders users of accounting information. Moreover its long run effect helps to achieve of the theoretical concept of the primary & secondary qualitative characteristics of accounting information (Relevance & Reliability Vs Comparability & understandability). Above all, the aggregate effects may increase the number of cross boarder investments, increasing the alternative of sources of financing and reducing cost of debt.

Furthermore, the finding shows transition towards IFRS for SME is costly to firms primarily because of the superior exertion of efforts, understanding and information systems needed and during post transition period additional effort needed to manage the risk of potential material misstatements appearing in the IFRS for SMEs-generated financial statements. Lack of knowledge (understanding) requires them to be engaged in a capacity building program with the coordination of Auditing and Accounting Board of Ethiopian & academicians.
Role of homocysteine in the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Fan Xiaoyan , Zhang Lixia , Li Haijun , Chen Guang , Qi Gangqiao , Ma Xueqiang , Jin Yuelei
Published: October 2020

Homocysteine is an essential intermediate product of biochemical reactions that is present in various tissues of the human body. Homocysteine may be associated with the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease. Plasma homocysteine levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease are elevated compared to those of healthy individuals. High homocysteine drives PD development and progression while aggregating the clinical symptoms of PD patients. The relationship between PD and homocysteine involves multiple pathways, including nerve cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. This is crucial for explaining how high homocysteine drives the PD procession. Elevated homocysteine level during PD development and progression offers a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
In Vitro Model of Human Skeletal Muscle Tissues with Contractility Fabricated by Immortalized Human Myogenic Cells
Authors: Nagashima Takunori , Hadiwidjaja Stacy , Ohsumi Saki , Murata Akari , Hisada Takumi , Kato Ryuji , Okada Yohei , Honda Hiroyuki , Shimizu Kazunori
Published: October 2020

In the development process for drugs used to treat skeletal muscle, cell‐based contractile force assays have been considered as a useful in vitro test. Immortalized human myogenic cells are promising as cell sources for reproducible and well‐characterized in vitro models. In this study, it is investigated whether immortalized human myogenic cells, Hu5/KD3, have suitable contractile ability and the potential to be used as cell sources for contractile force assays. Muscle tissues are fabricated using Hu5/KD3 cells on the microfabricated devices used to measure contractile force. The tissues generate a tetanic force of ≈30 µN in response to the electrical pulse stimulation (EPS). Gene expression analysis of the myosin heavy chain (MYH) isoform indicates that the tissues mostly consisted of muscle fibers expressing MYH7 or/and MYH8. The addition of dexamethasone or lovastatin decreases the contractile force of the tissues, indicating that the tissues have the potential to evaluate drug candidates designed to treat muscle atrophy or statin‐induced myopathy. It is also demonstrated that the contractile force of tissues increased when EPS is applied as an artificial exercise. These results indicate that the Hu5/KD3 tissues can be employed for contractile force assays and would be useful for in vitro human skeletal muscle models.
Calcium‐Mediated Liposome Fusion to Engineer Giant Lipid Vesicles with Cytosolic Proteins and Reconstituted Mammalian Proteins
Authors: Schmid Yannick R. F. , Scheller Leo , Buchmann Sebastian , Dittrich Petra S.
Published: October 2020

Giant unilamellar lipid vesicles (GUVs) are widely used as model membrane systems and provide an excellent basis to construct artificial cells. To construct more sophisticated artificial cells, proteins—in particular membrane proteins—need to be incorporated in GUVs. However, current methods for protein reconstitution have limited throughput or are not generally applicable for all proteins because they depend on detergent solubilization. This limitation is addressed here by introducing calcium‐mediated membrane fusion to transfer proteins between negatively charged GUVs and cell‐derived plasma membrane vesicles (CDVs), derived from HEK293T cells overexpressing a membrane receptor protein. Fusion conditions are optimized using large unilamellar vesicles and GUVs containing phosphatidylserines and fusogenic lipids. The approach is then applied to induce lipid mixing and subsequent transfer of the overexpressed membrane receptor from CDVs into GUVs. The membrane receptor is detected by immunofluorescence on GUVs that underwent lipid mixing with CDVs. Those GUVs also exhibit esterase activity because cytosolic esterases entrapped in the CDVs are transferred during membrane fusion. Thus, content mixing is demonstrated. Using CDVs circumvents the need to purify or solubilize proteins. Moreover, calcium‐mediated fusion allows transfer of lipids, water‐soluble and membrane bound proteins in one step, resulting in a semi‐synthetic cell.
Theory of Energy Transfer in Organic Nanocrystals
Authors: Sáez‐Blázquez Rocío , Feist Johannes , García‐Vidal Francisco J. , Fernández‐Domínguez Antonio I.
Published: October 2020

Recent experiments have shown that highly efficient energy transfer can take place in organic nanocrystals at extremely low acceptor densities. This striking phenomenon has been ascribed to the formation of exciton polaritons thanks to the photon confinement provided by the crystal itself. An alternative theoretical model that accurately reproduces fluorescence lifetime and spectrum measurements in these systems without such an assumption is proposed. The approach treats molecule–photon interactions in the weak‐coupling regime, and describes the donor and acceptor population dynamics by means of rate equations with parameters extracted from electromagnetic simulations. The physical insight and predictive value of this model also enables the authors to propose nanocrystal configurations in which acceptor emission dominates the fluorescence spectrum at densities orders of magnitude lower than the experimental ones.
One‐pot Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Phenanthridines via Suzuki Coupling/C−H Oxidation/Aromatization
Authors: Zhang Yi , Ding Yuxin , Chen Rener , Ma Yongmin
Published: October 2020

A one‐pot cascade coupling/annulation reaction for the synthesis of phenanthridines has been developed from arylboronic acids and o‐bromo arylamides with DMSO as a carbon source. The desired phenanthridines were obtained in moderate to good yields by using simple procedure.

magnified image
Fast and Efficient Nickel(II)‐catalysed Transfer Hydrogenation of Quinolines with Ammonia Borane
Authors: Vermaak Vincent , Vosloo Hermanus C. M. , Swarts Andrew J.
Published: October 2020

Herein we report the first Ni(II)‐catalysed transfer hydrogenation of quinolines using ammonia borane (AB) as hydrogen (H2) source. An in situ generated Ni(II)‐bis(pyrazolyl)pyridine pre‐catalyst could hydrogenate quinoline and its derivatives in excellent yields of up to 90% at 25 °C in 30 minutes. Spectroscopic studies revealed that a Ni(II)‐hydride is responsible for the transfer hydrogenation of quinoline to 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline via a 1,4‐dihydroquinoline intermediate.

magnified image
Behaviour of Regioisomeric Bithiophenes in the Oxidative Synthesis of Tetrathieno‐Fused π‐Expanded Fluorenes and Their Characterization
Authors: Jagarapu Ramakrishna , Maddala Sudhakar , Mahto Indrajit , Venkatakrishnan Parthasarathy
Published: October 2020

Differently‐linked bithienyl‐attached fluorenes have been synthesized. While the oxidative photodicyclization of 2,3′‐bithiophene‐containing fluorene was successful to yield tetrathieno‐fused regioisomeric π‐expanded fluorenes, the reaction with 2,2′‐bithiophene‐containing fluorene was very sluggish. Interestingly, the connectivity in bithiophenes appears to determine the (photo)reactivity. On the one hand, under mild Scholl conditions, 2,3′‐bithiophene‐containing fluorene yielded a highly regioselective product while 2,2′‐bithiophene‐containing fluorene led to polymerization. The optical and electrochemical properties of tetrathienoannulated π‐expanded fluorenes were investigated, and they were found to be quite different from those of the phenanthreno‐annulated π‐expanded analogues. These newly obtained sulfur‐edged π‐expanded fluorenes may hold promise in organic electronics.
Pentacycloundecane (PCUD)‐Based Cage Frameworks as Potential Energetic Materials: Syntheses and Characterization
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Cheekatla Subba Rao , Lal Sohan , Mallick Lovely , Kumbhakarna Neeraj , Chowdhury Arindrajit , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: October 2020

A new variety of cage frameworks containing pentacycloundecane (PCUD) were synthesized. These compounds contain azide and triazole units. Four new cage frameworks were designed and constructed starting from easily accessible starting materials such as 2,3‐dimethylhydroquinone, 1,4‐dimethoxybenzene, and dicyclopentadiene using [2+2] photocycloaddition as the key step. The structures of these symmetrical cage bis‐azide and cage bis‐triazole compounds have been confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. DFT analysis at different levels of theory were used to optimize the geometries and compute the heats of formation of the title compounds. Their propulsive and explosive properties were also calculated using suitable computational methods. The thermodynamic stability of the title compounds was theoretically analysed based on their bond dissociation energies. The thermal stability was evaluated by TGA‐coupled FTIR analysis.
MeOTf‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Acyl‐Cyclization of Aryl Isocyanates: Efficient Access to Phenanthridin‐6(5H)‐one and 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one Derivatives
Authors: Zou Song , Zhang Zeyu , Chen Chao , Xi Chanjuan
Published: October 2020

MeOTf‐catalyzed intramolecular acyl‐cyclization of aryl isocyanates has been realized to provide (NH)‐phenanthridinones and lactams under metal‐free conditions. A variety of functional groups are tolerated in their scaffolds with good to excellent yields. The reaction could be carried to gram scale and a range of natural alkaloids, such as crinasiadine, benzophenidine alkaloid (ZYH005), N‐methylcrinasiadine, and trisphaeridine could be synthesized directly or in short steps with high yields.
AIEgen‐Lipid Conjugate for Rapid Labeling of Neutrophils and Monitoring of Their Behavior
Authors: Liu Xingang , Wu Min , Wang Meng , Duan Yukun , Phan Chi Uyen , Chen Huan , Tang Guping , Liu Bin
Published: October 2020

Studies on neutrophil‐based nanotherapeutic engineering have shown great potentials in treating infection and inflammation disorders. Conventional neutrophil labeling methods are time‐consuming and often result in undesired contamination and activation since neutrophils are terminal‐differentiated cells with a half‐life span of only 7 h. A simple, fast, and biocompatible strategy to construct engineered neutrophils is highly desirable but remains difficult to achieve. In this study, we present an AIEgen‐lipid conjugate, which can efficiently label harvested neutrophils in 30 s with no washing step required. This fast labeling method does not affect the activation and transmigration property of neutrophils, which has been successfully used to monitor neutrophil behaviors such as the chemotaxis process and migrating function towards inflammation sites both in vitro and in vivo, offering a tantalizing prospect for neutrophil‐based nanotherapeutics studies.
CuI/Fe3O4 NPs@Biimidazole IL‐KCC‐1 as a leach proof nanocatalyst for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines in aqueous medium
Authors: Azizi Sajjad , Shadjou Nasrin , Soleymani Jafar
Published: October 2020

In the present work, an innovative leach proof nanocatalyst based on dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) modified with ionic liquid loaded Fe3O4 NPs and CuI salts was designed and applied for the rapid synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines from the reaction of phenyl acetylene, 2‐aminopyridine, and aldehydes in aqueous medium. The structure of the synthesized nanocatalyst was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), vapor–liquid–solid (VLS), and adsorption/desorption analysis (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller [BET] equation) instrumental techniques. CuI/Fe3O4NPs@IL‐KCC‐1 with high surface area (225 m2 g−1) and porous structure not only exhibited excellent catalytic activity in aqueous media but also, with its good stability, simply recovered by an external magnet and recycled for eight cycles without significant loss in its intrinsic activity. Higher catalytic activity of CuI/Fe3O4NPs@IL‐KCC‐1 is due to exceptional dendritic fibrous structure of KCC‐1 and the ionic liquid groups that perform as strong anchors to the loaded magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and avoid leaching them from the pore of the nanocatalyst. Green reaction media, shorter reaction times, higher yields (71–97%), easy workup, and no need to use the chromatographic column are the advantages of the reported synthetic method.
Easy conversion of nitrogen‐rich silk cocoon biomass to magnetic nitrogen‐doped carbon nanomaterial for supporting of Palladium and its application
Authors: Akbarzadeh Parisa , Koukabi Nadiya
Published: October 2020

In this study, magnetic nitrogen‐doped carbon (MNC) was fabricated through facile carbonization and activation of natural silk cocoons containing nitrogen and then combined with Fe3O4 nanoparticles to create a good support material for palladium. Palladium immobilization on the support resulted in the formation of magnetic nitrogen‐doped carbon‐Pd (MNC‐Pd). The prepared heterogeneous catalyst was well characterized using FT‐IR, TGA, EDX, FE‐SEM, XRD, VSM, and ICP‐OES techniques. Thereafter, the synthesis of biaryl compounds was conducted to investigate the catalyst performance via the reaction of aryl halides and phenylboronic acid. Further, the catalyst could be used and recycled for six consecutive runs without any significant loss in its activity.
Potassium and 12‐tungstophosphoric acid loaded alumina as heterogeneous catalyst for the esterification as well as transesterification of waste cooking oil in a single pot
Authors: Singh Himmat , Ali Amjad
Published: October 2020

To prepare the heterogeneous catalyst for the simultaneous transesterification and esterification of waste cooking oil (WO), 12‐tungustophosphoric acid (TPA) and K+ were loaded over alumina. The catalyst structure was confirmed by powder X‐ray diffraction analysis while the catalyst composition and the elemental oxidation state by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic study. The surface morphology of the catalyst was established by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The temperature‐programmed desorption study supports the existence of basic and acidic sites over the catalyst surface owing to the presence of potassium oxide and TPA, respectively. Underneath the optimized conditions for reaction, that is, 10 wt% of catalyst with respect to oil, 9:1 methanol to oil molar ratio and 65°C reaction temperature, 97% fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yield was obtained within 1.25 h of reaction time. The catalyst was recovered from the reaction mixture via centrifugation and reused in four consecutive runs. Moreover, the presence of high moisture (4 wt%) and free fatty acid (7.8 wt%) contents was not found to have any adverse effect on the catalyst activity. To demonstrate the catalyst stability, the metal content in the reaction mixture was analyzed, and total metal content was found to be less than 2 ppm to hold the catalyst stability. The kinetic study suggests that the reaction follows (pseudo) first‐order kinetic equation with the prepared catalyst.
Superior adsorption of cationic dye on novel bentonite/carbon composites
Authors: Fathy Nady , El‐Khouly Sahar , Ahmed Sohair , El‐Nabarawy Thoria , Tao Yousheng
Published: October 2020

The principal objective of this work was to modify the surface of natural bentonite for enhanced adsorption of cationic dyes. In this regard, novel bentonite/carbon composites were synthesized through two routes. Ferrocene/p‐xylene mixture was used as carbon source through (1) hydrothermal decomposition and (2) spray routes during the calcination of sodium‐bentonite (Na‐B) to deposit carbons on the surface of Na‐B. Samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared, and N2 adsorption at −196°C. Cationic neutral red (NR) dye was used to investigate the adsorption capacity of the samples. SEM and XRD profiles showed that the first route deposited carbon with orthorhombic structures, whereas the second yielded carbons with hexagonal shapes like rods on Na‐B. The specific surface areas and the total pore volumes of the composites were considerably increased in comparison with matrix of bentonite. The products gave superior adsorption of NR dye, for example, 145 mg/g onto B‐C2 and attained good reusability of adsorbent where 90% of NR dye was removed on the third run at pH 5 and temperature of 25°C. These results affirm that the prepared composites are promising as novel adsorbents for the purification of water containing cationic dyes.
Thermomechanical devulcanization of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber and its application in blends with high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Pirityi Dávid Zoltán , Pölöskei Kornél
Published: October 2020

The recycling of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber remains a challenge, as its cross‐linked structure cannot be broken down reversibly. Devulcanization may offer a breakthrough; however, a 100% decrease in cross‐link density (CLD) with no chain degradation has never been reported. In this research, sulfur‐ and peroxide‐cured EPDM rubbers of known compositions were devulcanized on a two‐roll mill and in an internal mixer. The CLD of both rubber samples decreased by around 85%, while the sol content of the peroxidic devulcanizate was considerably higher than that of the sulfuric devulcanizate (23% vs. 3%). Horikx's theory revealed that sulfur‐cured samples showed excellent selectivity for cross‐link scission, while peroxide‐cured samples suffered degradation. Uncured, cured, and devulcanized rubber samples were mixed into high‐density polyethylene at various compositions. Large EPDM rubber contents impaired the mechanical properties of the blends, indicating insufficient adhesion between the two phases. Compounds containing originally uncured rubber mixtures had the most beneficial mechanical properties.
Innovation adoption: Broadcasting versus virality
Authors: Zhai Yujia , Ding Ying , Zhang Hezhao
Published: October 2020

Diffusion channels are critical to determining the adoption scale, which leads to the ultimate impact of an innovation. The aim of this study is to develop an integrative understanding of the impact of two diffusion channels (i.e., broadcasting vs. virality) on innovation adoption. Using citations of a series of classic algorithms and the time series of co‐authorship as the footprints of their diffusion trajectories, we propose a novel method to analyze the intertwining relationships between broadcasting and virality in the innovation diffusion process. Our findings show that broadcasting and virality have similar diffusion power, but play different roles across diffusion stages. Broadcasting is more powerful in the early stages but may be gradually caught up or even surpassed by virality in the later period. Meanwhile, diffusion speed in virality is significantly faster than broadcasting and members from virality channels tend to adopt the same innovation repetitively.
Synthesis of Multifunctional α,α‐Difluoroketones through Allylic Alkylation of Difluoroenoxysilanes with MBH Carbonates
Authors: Pan Bo‐Wen , Shi Yang , Tian You‐Ping , Zhou Ying , Zhou Jian , Yu Jin‐Sheng
Published: October 2020

The first allylic alkylation of difluoroenoxysilanes with MBH carbonates catalyzed by triethylenediamine (DABCO) is developed, which allows rapid access to multifunctional α‐gem‐difluoroketones with up to 97% yields. Moreover, the gram‐scale synthesis and the diversifying transformation of products to valuable gem‐difluorinated molecules highlight the practicality of this methodology.
Derivatization procedures and their analytical performances for HPLC determination in bioanalysis
Authors: David Victor , Moldoveanu Serban C. , Galaon Toma
Published: October 2020

Derivatization, or chemical structure modification, is often used in bioanalysis performed by liquid chromatography technique in order to enhance detectability or to improve the chromatographic performance for the target analytes. The derivatization process is discussed according to the analytical procedure used to achieve the reaction between the reagent and the target compounds (containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl as the main functional groups involved in derivatization). Important procedures for derivatization used in bioanalysis are in situ or based on extraction processes (liquid–liquid, solid‐phase and related techniques) applied to the biomatrix. In the review, chiral, isotope‐labeling, hydrophobicity‐tailored and post‐column derivatizations are also included, based on representative publications in the literature during the last two decades. Examples of derivatization reagents and brief reaction conditions are included, together with some bioanalytical applications and performances (chromatographic conditions, detection limit, stability and sample biomatrix).