bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Devastating Impact of University Closures on theMental Health of Universityof Khartoum Students: A Quantitative Exploration
Authors: Suliman Mona
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of university closures on the mental health of students at Sudan’s University of Khartoum, a population uniquely affected by prolonged political instability, economic collapse (250% inflation in 2022), and mass displacement (4 million internally displaced). Using quantitative data from 500 students, regression analysis revealed a strong correlation between prolonged closures and heightened psychological distress. Key findings indicate alarming rates of stress (75%), anxiety (68%), depression (60%), and suicidal ideation (18%), exacerbated by academic disruption, social isolation, and financial strain. The study highlights the urgent need for emergency online counseling, virtual learning platforms, and national policy reforms to safeguard students’ well-being. Despite limitations such as reliance on self-reported data, these findings underscore that Sudan’s recovery hinges on protecting its educated youth.
Genome-wide analyses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates reveal insights into circulating lineages and drug resistance mutations in The Gambia
Authors: Tientcheu Leopold , Faal Fatou , Top Naffie , Jobe Olimatou , Colley Sang Marie , Ayorinde Abigail , Mendy Alieu , Sarr-Kuyateh Binta , Donkor Simon , Antonio Martin , de Jong Bouke , Rachow Andrea , Kampmann Beate , Sutherland Jayne S. , Li Hongwei , Blundell Tom , Campino Susana , Kohl Thomas , Dreyer Viola , Niemann Stefan , Pandurangan Arun , Clark Taane , Phelan Jody
Published: February 2025

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), remains a pressing global health challenge, with the West African region, including The Gambia, experiencing a substantial burden. This study explores the genetic diversity of MTBC strains circulating in The Gambia for nearly two decades (2002–2021) to enhance understanding of drug resistance dynamics and inform targeted diagnostic and treatment strategies. Using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 1,803 TB isolates, we identified the predominance of lineage 4 (L4, 67.2%) and lineage 6 (L6, 26.6%) strains, with L4 showing more significant genetic variability over time. Drug susceptibility analysis of these isolates revealed that 78% (1421 isolates) were drug-susceptible, while 6.5% (119 isolates) exhibited resistance, primarily to isoniazid, rifampicin, and their combination. Additionally, 15.5% (282 isolates) were classified as Other, having potential drug-resistance mutations of uncertain significance by the WHO catalogue. Interestingly, our resistance-associated analysis showed the lineage 6 specific ethambutol uncertain significance (by WHO catalogue) mutation (embC Ala307Thr) more prevalent in The Gambia than in West Africa and globally. Structural analysis showed that first-line drug resistance mutations frequently occur in solvent-inaccessible and conserved regions of proteins, often impacting protein stability and reflecting a balance between resistance, fitness, and evolutionary adaptation. This study highlights the coexistence of globally prevalent and regionally restricted MTBC lineages, underscoring the importance of region-specific TB control measures. Integrating bioinformatic and structural analyses revealed many uncertain significant mutations by the WHO catalogue in The Gambian isolates compared to West Africa and globally. These findings reinforce the necessity of continuous genomic surveillance to address the evolving challenges of TB in high-burden settings like West Africa.
WITHDRAWN: Aortic recoarctation in infants: risk factors and the role of catheter intervention in its management
Authors: Al-Mutairi Mansour B. , Alnajjar Abdulhameed A. , R.Abdelrehim Ayman , Allugmani Mohammad , Morsy Mohamed F. , Khoshhal Saad , Baangood Luna S. , Alahmadti Ahmad , Ishak Abdulaleem , Ibrahim Andreen , Salem Sherif S.
Published: February 2025

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Stiffness-tunable neurotentacles for minimally invasive implantation and long-term neural activity recordings
Authors: Pei Weihua , Wang Yang , Xu Xing , Yang Xiaowei , Tang Rongyu , Chen Ying , Wang Yijun , Liang Jing
Published: February 2025

Flexible microelectrodes are ideal for chronic neural recordings but face challenges in probe insertion due to low bending strength. Here we have proposed a stiffness-tunable polyimide probe for deep brain implantation, referred to as Neurotentacle, enabled by embedded microchannels in which the liquid pressure is controllable. During insertion, the neurotentacle becomes stiff under elevated internal pressure, allowing penetration of brain tissue without additional materials or tools. Once inserted, it regains flexibility by reducing the internal pressure. The proposed multilayer microfabrication process maintains structural dimensions similar to traditional flexible probes. This minimizes tissue damage during insertion while ensuring long-term biocompatibility and stability, confirmed by histological evaluations in both acute and chronic animal models. In long-term recordings, neurotentacles outperform traditional shuttle-based implantation methods. The technique is straightforward, controllable, and does not require complex devices, making it ideal for minimally invasive implantation and long-term neural recordings.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Exploring Outcomes linked to the use of Physiotherapy in managing Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Ghosh Snehal , Jie Sun , Bedggood Elena , Pathiraja Vindya , Elliot Mark T. , Mudalige Tharanga , Rathnayake Nirmala , Litchfield Ian , Shi Jian qing , Delanerolle Gayathri , Eneil Sohier
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Pelvic organ prolapse impacts millions globally, causing discomfort and reduced quality of life. Physiotherapy offers a potential non-invasive solution, strengthening pelvic muscles and appearing to offer an effective means of effectively improving symptoms. To better understand this relationship, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods
A systematic methodology was designed before gathering eligible data from PubMed, ScienceDirect and Web of Science. All randomised clinical trials and non-clinical trials that were peer reviewed and published were included.
Results
A total of 7 studies were included in the final sample. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) was a common technique to support the evaluation of perineal tears and episiotomy. A meta-analysis was conducted using symptom assessment scale over a 24-month period where the pooled mean difference showed − 2.76% (95% CI: [-4.19, -1.32]) statistically significant.
Conclusion
It is evident limited research has been conducted within this field, and long-term studies are required to improve the care offered to women with pelvic organ prolapse.
The Delayed Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMICs): A Scoping Review
Authors: Parekh Sarah , Chisoni Felix , Amu Hubert
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Cervical Cancer (CC) is a significant public health concern worldwide. Low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) bare 90% of the burden of CC morbidity and mortality due to delayed diagnosis of the disease which is preventable and curable if detected early. Vaccination campaigns and early screening have succeeded in reducing CC prevalence drastically in high-income countries (HICs), highlighting a gap of health inequities in LMICs. This review aimed at mapping factors associated with the delayed diagnosis (DD) of cervical cancer (CC) across LMICs.
Methods
A search across databases; Embase, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and SCINHAL. ProQuest Dissertations and Ebsco between 2019 to 2024 was conducted. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts followed by a full-text assessment to determine the final inclusion. Any disagreements were resolved through consensus. Data were extracted using a standardized form, and a narrative synthesis was performed.
Results
We retrieved 2116 studies, however only 40 studies (across 26 LMICs) met our inclusion criteria and were relevant to this review. Patient-related (individual) and health-system (institutional) delays are more prominent than community-related delays. Approximately 80% of studies suggested that low income and education are predominant individual factors that lead to delayed diagnosis of CC. 67.5% highlight the failure to recognise symptoms in these regions. In rural Africa and South Asia, transportation costs are a major factor. 58% of the studies suggested marital status as an associated factor but this was dependent on a community factor; husband’s awareness. Countries with better husband’s knowledge associate marriage with early detection. Institutionally, 47.5% of the studies evidenced the lack of national screening programs and the lack of skills, knowledge and training of healthcare workers as a factor to delayed diagnosis predominantly in Africa.
Conclusions
Low income and education, long distances, poor spousal awareness, absence of screening facilities and unskilled capacity impact CC’s delayed diagnosis. Context-specific solutions like; expanding awareness, building quality, culturally appropriate, decentralised screening infrastructures with health workforce capability and focus on socio-cultural barriers across regions is necessary to defeat CC in LMICs.
Probiotic potentials of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented sorghum supernatant (omidun) under different fermentation periods
Authors: Njoku Eberechukwu , Adelusi Oluwasola Abayomi , Obadina Adewale Olusegun
Published: February 2025

Probiotic bacteria, primarily lactic acid bacteria (LAB), are known to improve gut health, enhance immune responses, and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, making them valuable for functional foods. Naturally fermented sorghum is a rich source of these beneficial bacteria. Therefore, this study investigated the probiotic potentials of LAB isolated from the supernatant of fermenting sorghum (omidun). Five omidun samples were fermented for 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours to recover LAB strains. The recovered LAB isolates were identified and characterized using morphological and molecular methods, while their antibiotic resistance profiles were also assessed. Furthermore, we examined the effects of different fermentation periods (12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours) on the probiotic potential of the isolated LAB, including temperature tolerance, acid resistance (pH), and bile salt tolerance. Our results showed that bacterial counts in omidun ranged from 2.78 × 10⁻³ − 4.1 × 10⁻³ CFU/ml, while coliform counts varied from 0.00–1 × 10⁻⁴ CFU/ml. The dominant LAB strains recovered from the omidun include Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sp., Limosilactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus brevis. Interestingly, biochemical tests confirmed all isolates were oxidase- and catalase-negative, with cocci and bacillary morphologies. Antibiotic resistance tests revealed that LAB fermented for 72 and 96 hours were resistant to gentamicin, ceftazidime, cloxacillin, erythromycin, cefuroxime, ofloxacin, augmentin, and ceftriaxone. Notably, the LAB isolates exhibited different growth patterns at 25, 37, and 40°C over 1- and 3-hour intervals, with all isolates successfully growing at 40°C. All isolates maintained high viability after 3 hours at both pH 2.5 and 4.0, while those fermented for 12–48 hours showed no growth in both bile levels. The findings from this study suggest that omidun is a rich source of LABs, with fermentation duration, especially 72 hours, playing a crucial role in shaping their probiotic potential.
ТРАКТАТ "О ПАМЯТИ И ПРИПОМИНАНИИ" АРИСТОТЕЛЯ И КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ИСТОРИИ КАК РЕПРЕЗЕНТАЦИИ ПРОШЛОГО РИКЁРА
Authors: АНИКИНА А.Б.
Published: February 2025

Трактат Аристотеля «О памяти и припоминании» является для Рикёра одной из отправных точек его концепции памяти как матрицы истории. Он опирается на такие свойства памяти, отмеченные в трактате, как неустранимость временного интервала между восприятием и воспоминанием, необходимость предшествования «о чем» воспоминания. Самым важным для Рикёра является аристотелевское развитие метафоры eikôn: разделение его на рисунок как объект и на то, что он изображает, а также то противоречие, в которое eikôn в такой трактовке вступает с метафорой typos (отпечаток).

A short treatise “On Memory and Recollection” which constitutes a part of Aristotelian Parva naturalia serves for P. Ricoeur as one of the starting points of his concept of memory as the matrix of history. He bases his concept on such properties of memory, marked in the treatise, as indispensability of a temporal interval between the acts of perception and remembrance, the necessity of precedence of "what" in memories, etc. The most important point for Ricoeur is Aristotelian development of the metaphor of eik?n: its division on the picture and the object it represents, as well as the contradiction with the metaphor of typos (an offprint) which arises from such an interpretation of eik?n.
ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ ВРЕМЕНИ В АНТИЧНОСТИ: КЛЕПСИДРА И ЕЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПИСЬМЕННЫХ СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВ И АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ДАННЫХ ИЗ АМФИАРАЙОНА)
Authors: АФОНАСИНА А.С.
Published: February 2025

Данная статья открывает одну из страниц в истории метрологии и стандартизации. Опираясь на литературные свидетельства и археологические данные, автор рассматривает историю создания водяных часов - клепсидры, ее разновидности и применение в разных сферах социальной деятельности. Отдельное внимание уделяется использованию клепсидры в народных собраниях и медицинской практике. На примере массивных водяных часов из святилища бога-врачевателя Амфиарая в Оропосе автор показывает, насколько плотно использование часов вошло в обиход в конце IV в. до н. э., и как в истории стандартизации решался вопрос о выравнивании часов. В статье выдвигается гипотеза о том, что массивные водяные часы, рассчитанные на измерение времени в течение 24 часов, были сооружены в святилище Амфиарая именно потому, что служили для медицинских целей. В подтверждение этой мысли приводится рассуждение о значении слова «час» из медицинских текстов Гиппократовского корпуса и еще два свидетельства из медицинской практики Герофила и Галена.

The article discusses an episode in the universal history of metrology and standardization. On the basis of literary testimonies and archeological data the author first outlines the history of development of various types of the water clocks, clepsydra. Special attention is paid to the usage of clepsydra in public life (esp. in legal proceeding) and in medical practice. Then, considering the massive water clock from the sanctuary of the healer-god Amphiaraus in Oropos author shows that in the 4th cent. BCE the water clocks became an essential part of social life, and demonstrates the ways they calibrated the device according to a 24-hours scale. The author suggests that the massive water clock, designed for continuous measuring of time, subdivided at equal hours, was built at the sanctuary of Amphiaraus for medical purposes. Such hypothesis can be confirmed by a series of passages from the Hippocratic corpus, where the word “hour” is actually introduced, as well as by two more testimonies from the medical practice of Herophilus and Galen.
СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ ИЗБЫТОЧНОСТЬ: ИСТОРИКО-ФИЛОСОФСКАЯ ПРОБЛЕМА СКЕПТИЦИЗМА В ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ ФИЛОСОФИИ ЛОГИКИ
Authors: ЦЕЛИЩЕВ В.В.
Published: February 2025

В статье обсуждается проблема семантической избыточности в свете теоретико-модельного аргумента Патнэма и недавней критики этого аргумента. Проблема изучается с учетоми классического контекста этой проблематики.

The problem of semantical redundancy is discussed in the light of Putnam’s model-theoretic argument and recent criticism of this argument, set against classical background.
О СООТНОШЕНИИ КАТЕГОРИЙ TO LEKTON В ФИЛОСОФИИ СТОИКОВ И SINN В СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ Г. ФРЕГЕ: ВОПРОС ОБ ИХ ОНТОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ СТАТУСЕ
Authors: СУРОВЦЕВ В.А.
Published: February 2025

Как и ранее (ΣΧΟΛΗ 9.2 [2015] 241-252) в статье проводится компаративный анализ категории стоиков to lekton и категории Г. Фреге Sinn. Эксплицируются некоторые формальные черты этих категорий, которые демонстрируют сходство логических теорий стоиков и Фреге. Показано, что понятие полного lecton (axiōma) в учении стоиков имеет такую же структуру, как и понятие мысли ( Gedanke ) в семантической теории Фреге. Однако формальное сходство между to lecton и Sinn не означает доктринального сходства с точки зрения онтологического статуса этих категорий.

As previously (ΣΧΟΛΗ 9.2 [2015] 241–252) the article deals with the Stoic category to lekton and G. Frege’s category of Sinn. I explicate some formal features of these categories, which demonstrate the similarity of the Stoic and the Fregean logical theories. In particular, I demonstrate that the concept of “complete lekton” (axi?ma) in the Stoic doctrine has the same structure as the concept of thought (Gedanke) in Frege’s semantic theory. However, the formal structural similarity between to lekton and Sinn does not presupposes the ontological similarities in these theories.
РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЕ ОСНОВАНИЯ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ПАРАДИГМ (ОТ АНТИЧНОСТИ ДО ПОСТМОДЕРНА)
Authors: БОГАТЫРЁВ Д.К. , РОМАНЕНКО И.Б.
Published: February 2025

Согласно общепринятому делению истории на эпохи Античности, Средневековья, Нового и Новейшего времени (космоцентризма, теоцентризма и антропоцентризма) в статье выделяются и анализируются соответствующие им образовательные парадигмы: интуитивно-дискурсивная, экзегетико-апологетическая, рационально-экспериментальная и экзистенциально-персонологическая. Особое внимание уделяется религиозным основаниям образовательных парадигм. Проблематизируется образовательная ситуация современной (постиндустриальной и постсекулярной) эпохи.

Having conventionally divided European history into Ancient, Medieval, Modern and Present times, often associated with predominance of, respectively, cosmocentrism, theocentrism and anthropocentrism, in the article we discuss the educational paradigms, which seems to correspond with them, namely: intuitive and discursive; exegetical and apologetic; rational and experimental, and, finally, existential and personal. We take these educational paradigms as both the instruments of accumulating of traditional values and “generative models” for personal development of individuals of a given epoch. A particular attention is given to religious foundations of the educational paradigms.
ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ЦИЦЕРОНА О ЛЮБВИ
Authors: ДЕМИНА С.С.
Published: February 2025

В статье изучаются представления Цицерона о любви. По мнению этого римского философа, склонность к любви дана природой. Любовь (amor) он определяет как признание значимости другого человека самого по себе и стремление бескорыстно делать то, что приносит ему благо. Любовь как философская категория позволяет Цицерону объяснить поведение человека, раскрыть ценность одного человека для другого и показать нравственное сходство обоих любящих, а также обосновать объединение людей в социумы разных уровней. Распространенное понимание любви как страстного влечения, с его точки зрения, ошибочно и ведет к нарушениям моральных и правовых норм, поэтому к любовной страсти Цицерон относится крайне негативно.

This article investigates Cicero’s thoughts about love. According to this Roman philosopher a disposition to love is given to people by nature. He defines love (amor) as recognition of importance of another person per se and an aspiration to do anything good for him unselfishly. Love as a philosophical category allows Cicero to explain a person’s behavior, to disclose importance of a person for another person, to display a moral similarity of both loving persons as well as to explain unification of people in associations of different levels (matrimonial and family relations, friendship, neighborhood, citizenship, nationality, humankind). In Cicero’s opinion, the widespread understanding of love as a passion is erroneous and leads to violation of moral and legal norms, therefore Cicero’s attitude to this passion is extremely negative.
ПЛАТОНОВСКИЙ ДИАЛОГ КСЕНЕДЕМ ФЕОДОРА ПРОДРОМА: ПСЕВДОАНТИЧНЫЕ ГЕРОИ И ИХ ВИЗАНТИЙСКИЕ ПРОТОТИПЫ
Authors: ГОНЧАРКО О.Ю. , ЧЕРНОГЛАЗОВ Д.А.
Published: February 2025

Диалог «Ксенедем, или Гласы» - малоизвестное философское сочинение выдающегося византийского писателя XII в. Феодора Продрома. В данной статье предпринята попытка выяснить, кто из современных Феодору византийских интеллектуалов мог послужить для него в качестве прообразов основных персонажей диалога. Мы исследуем историческое и логическое содержание диалога и заключаем, что основное действующее лицо диалога Теокл должно быть задумывался автором как собирательный образ, включающий в себя важнейшие черты Михаила Пселла и Иоанна Итала.

The dialogue “Xenedemos, or Voices” is a little-known philosophical work by Theodoros Prodromos, an outstanding 12th century Byzantine writer. The objective of the paper is to reveal, who of Byzantine intellectuals of the time could serve as prototypes of the main protagonists of the dialogue. The historical and logical content of “Xenedemos” is analysed. It is argued that its main character, named Theokles, encompasses crucial features of Michael Psellos and John Italos.
О НЕКОТОРЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ СИМВОЛИЗМА В СОЧИНЕНИЯХ КЛИМЕНТА АЛЕКСАНДРИЙСКОГО
Authors: КУРДЫБАЙЛО Д.С. , ГЕРАСИМОВ И.А.
Published: February 2025

Использование понятия σύμβολον в сочинениях Климента Александрийского остаётся проблематичным, несмотря на немалое число исследований, ввиду существенных разночтений между общим учением Климента о символе и символизме и тем, как оно практически применяется им в различных герменевтических ситуациях, где словоупотребление и обосновывающие его представления сильно зависят от контекста. Для упорядочения разнородного текстологического материала предложено классифицировать символы, во-первых, по их функции, «охранительной», «анагогической» и «манифестирующей»; во-вторых, по культурным контекстам, в которых они встречаются (пифагорейство, древнегреческие мистерии, египетская религия, труды греческих грамматиков); в-третьих, в христианском контексте, где доминирует библейская экзегетика, выделены типологическое, нравственно-увещевательное и собственно символическое употребления. В последнем аспекте подчёркнута роль Логоса, конституирующего природу символа, видимым образом «знаменующего невидимую связь неба и земли». Значительное внимание уделено Климентовой философии языка и лингвистической роли символа. В таком прочтении удаётся разрешить некоторые трудности, традиционно возникающие при прочтении Климента Александрийского.

The use of term σύμβολον in Clement's writings is problematic because of differences between common doctrine of symbol and symbolism expressed by Clement almost theoretically, and particular examples of symbolism and allegoric exegesis, where Clement's wording and underlying conceptions are strongly dependent on the relevant contexts. In order to bring the most instances of σύμβολον in a system we propose some classifications. Firstly, according to their function, we distinguish ‘protective,' ‘anagogic,' and ‘manifestative' symbols; secondly, according to the contexts in which they predominantly appear, such as the Pythagorean tradition, Greek Mysteries, Egyptian religion and hieroglyphic script, and extracts from the Greek grammarians; finally, in the context of Biblical exegesis, where one can distinguish instances of typology, morally instructive allegory and symbolism per se. In the latter case the nature of symbol is constituted by Divine Logos who “signifies the invisible link between earth and heaven.” Such a reading clarifies the ontological importance of symbolism for Clement's metaphysics and philosophy, and helps to explain some difficulties in Clement's writings actual for Western theology.
ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТ КАК ОСНОВА АРГУМЕНТОВ ГАЛЕНА В ПОЛЕМИКЕ С ОППОНЕНТАМИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВТОРОЙ КНИГИ "ОБ УЧЕНИЯХ ГИППОКРАТА И ПЛАТОНА")
Authors: БАЛАЛЫКИН Д.А.
Published: February 2025

На примере анализа второй книги трактата «Об учениях Гиппократа и Платона» показано, что Гален последовательно выстраивает свою аргументацию в полемике с оппонентами - врачами-эмпириками, на основе данных, полученных в результате систематических анатомических вскрытий, которые можно считать основой «эксперимента» в медицине античности. Уникальность мышления Галена проявляются прежде всего в его синтетическом подходе к формированию теории медицинского знания: из разных натурфилософских систем он заимствует методы, необходимые для реализации прикладных задач, постоянно перепроверяет их состоятельность на обширном экспериментальном материале, приводит результаты анатомических вскрытий и данные собственных клинических наблюдений. По мнению автора статьи, полемика со стоиками в трудах Галена носит исключительно прикладной характер, так как их философские воззрения явились основой натурфилософии врачей-эмпириков. В статье предпринята попытка поставить вопрос о соотношении представлений ранних стоиков о методах познания с медицинской практикой врачей-эмпириков и их взглядами на общую патологию.

An analysis of the second book of the treatise De placitis Hippocratis et Platonis shows that Galen consistently builds his argument in a polemic with his opponents, empiricist doctors, on the basis of data obtained as a result of systematic anatomical dissections that can be considered the basis of “experiment” in ancient medicine. Galen's unique thinking manifests itself primarily in his synthetic approach to the formation of the theory of medical knowledge: he borrows the techniques necessary for carrying out tasks from different systems of natural philosophy, constantly rechecking their correctness on the help of extensive “experimental” data, such as the results of autopsies as well as anatomical and clinical observations. According to the author, his extensive polemic with the Stoics has an exclusively applied nature, as their philosophical views formed the basis of the empiricist natural philosophy. In the article, I raise the question of the relation between early Stoic ideas about the methods of knowledge with empiricist doctors' medical practice and their views on general pathology.
АРИСТОТЕЛЬ О ДВИЖЕНИИ ЖИВОТНЫХ
Authors: АФОНАСИН Е.В.
Published: February 2025

Перевод трактата Аристотеля «О движении животных» (De motu animalium) призван дополнить обсуждение Метафизики, Метеорологии и подборки фрагментов из несохранившихся естественнонаучных сочинений Теофраста (см. выше в этом выпуске журнала). В особенности это касается его критики Аристотелевской телеологии и его понятия первого двигателя. Трактат переводится на русский язык впервые.

An annotated translation of Aristotle's short treatise De motu animalium is designed to supplement a discussion of Theophrastus' Metaphysics, Meteorology and a selection of the fragments of his lost scientific works, eps. Theophrastus' critique of Aristotelian teleology and the idea of the first mover (published in this issue of the journal). The treatise is translated into Russian for the first time.
Why Protagoras gets paid anyway: a practical solution of the paradox of court
Authors: Lisanyuk E
Published: February 2025

The famous dispute between Protagoras and Euathlus concerning Protagoras’s tuition fee reportedly owed to him by Euathlus is solved on the basis of practical argumentation concerning actions. The dispute is widely viewed as a kind of a logical paradox, and I show that such treating arises due to the double confusion in the dispute narrative. The linguistic expressions used to refer to Protagoras’s, Euathlus’s and the jurors’ actions are confused with these actions themselves. The other confusion is the collision between the pairs of incompatible actions ambiguously expressed by two different pairs of sentences, one of which is a propositionally consistent pair whereas the other is an inconsistent one. The actional (practical) paradox solution aims to clear up these confusions by means of two core borderlines, propositional and expressive, drawn between the actions and the propositions. The propositional distinction says that actions are empirical facts and they lack truth values unlike propositions, which are mental entities and are often employed for referring to the actions. This distinction helps to avoid the confusion between the empirical incompatibility of actions and the truth-functional inconsistency of propositions. The expressive distinction claims that although the same linguistic sentences can be used to refer both to actions and propositions, two empirically incompatible actions can be expressed both by a pair of inconsistent propositions as well as by a pair of consistent ones. Therefore, the action of Protagoras’s being paid may be linguistically symbolized in four different ways: Protagoras gets paid due to the verdict, Protagoras gets paid due to the contract that amount to Protagoras does not get paid by the contract and Protagoras does not get paid by the verdict respectively, and likewise for Euathlus’s actions. The two distinctions are used for classifying the two groups of paradox solutions, legal and logical, proposed so far depending on which of the two confusions they purport to escape from. The actional reconstruction of the paradox suggests that there is only one single agent in the dispute, Protagoras, while the other named Euathlus is a ‘phantom,’ which most probably was invented by Protagoras himself for the sake of creating this challenging sophism.
Possible parallels in Ecclesiastes’ and Aristotle’s reflections concerning the eternity and immortality of the soul in correlation with its intellectual and ethical merits
Authors: Tantlevskij I.
Published: February 2025

Comparing Ecclesiastes’ thoughts attested in Eccl. 3:10–11, 21; 7:29, 8:5–7, 11–14, 11:5, 9, 12:3–7, 14 with Aristotle’s ideas recorded in his treatises On the Soul (II, 2, 413a3–10, 413b24–25; III, 5, 430а22–25; V, 4, 430а1–4), Metaphysics (XII, 1070а26, 1074b1–14), and Nicomachean Ethics (I, 11, 1100a29–30, 1101a35–1101b9; X, 7, 1177a11–1178a8, cf. also Protrepticus, fr. 10c), the author tries to reveal possible parallels in these thinkers’ views on the eternity and immortality of the spirit/soul and posthumous requital in correlation with its rational and moral merits
"АРИСТОТЕЛЕВСКИЕ" РЕШЕНИЯ ПРОБЛЕМЫ "МАТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ КОНСТИТУЦИИ"
Authors: ГАСПАРОВ И.Г.
Published: February 2025

In the article I consider various “Aristotelian” solutions to the problem of “material constitution.” First I provide a critical analysis of two solutions recently offered by Michael Rea and Kathrine Koslicki from a broadly Aristotelian perspective by arguing that both accounts of how a material whole could be constituted by its parts fall short from being satisfactory. Then I sketch how the problem in question could be solved in a more adequate way if based on Aristotelian metaphysics
ДУША, ОБЛАЧАЮЩАЯСЯ В ТЕЛА, ДУША, ТКУЩАЯ ТЕЛА
Authors: ПЕТРОВ В.В.
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматриваются две традиции репрезентации телесности в античности и в средние века: облачение души в тело, как в одежду, и соткание душой своего тела. Применительно к первой традиции рассматриваются тексты Сенеки, Плутарха, Плотина, Макробия, Аристида Квинтиллиана. Показано, что тема перемены тел как одежд обсуждалась в контексте рассуждений о метемпсихозе, а также (у средних платоников) нисхождения души с небес на землю через планетные сферы. Отмечено, что после того, как Филон связал представление о теле как одежде души с библейским сказанием о «кожаных ризах» (Быт 3:21), эта теория получила широкое распространение и встречается у Иринея, Климента, Тертуллиана, Оригена и его последователей, включая Иоанна Скотта Эриугену. Применительно к проблемам телесности также обсуждаются менее распространенные теории, согласно которым душа сама изготавливает свое тело, «сплетает для себя свой хитон». Рассматриваются соответствующие рассуждения Платона, Порфирия, Оригена, Макария Египетского / Симеона Месопотамского, Прокла Константинопольского. В качестве контекста привлекаются близкие теории Плотина, Ямвлиха и Иоанна Скотта.

The article discusses two traditions of representation of embodiment in antiquity and the Middle Ages: the soul's putting on the body as a vestment and the soul's weaving its body. With regard to the first tradition the texts of Seneca, Plutarch, Plotinus, Macrobius, Aristides Quintilianus are considered. It is shown that the topic of changing the bodies like garments had been discussed along with the theories of metempsychosis and (among the middle Platonists) the teaching on the soul's descent from heaven to earth through the planetary spheres. It is pointed out that after Philo had liked the idea of the body as the soul's robe with the biblical narrative of “leather garments” (Gen 3:21), this theory became widespread and can be found in Irenaeus, Clement, Tertullian, Origen and his followers, including John Scottus Eriugena. With regard to the problems of embodiment, we examine less common views according to which the soul itself makes its own body, weaving it like a tunic. The corresponding arguments by Plato, Porphyry, Origen, Macarius of Egypt / Symeon of Mesopotamia, Proclus of Constantinople are considered. As additional evidence, we discuss the relevant theories of Plotinus, Iamblichus, and John Scott.
О ПУСТЫХ ТЕРМИНАХ: АРИСТОТЕЛЬ И ПАРМЕНИД
Authors: СЛИНИН Я.А.
Published: February 2025

В данной статье логико-семантическая концепция, изложенная в десятой главе «Категорий» Аристотеля, сопоставляется с логико-семантической концепцией Парменида, которая находится в его поэме «О природе». Согласно Аристотелю, все утвердительные высказывания с пустым субъектом ложны, а все отрицательный - истинны, в силу чего применительно к такого рода высказываниям законы тождества и противоречия перестают действовать. Что касается Парменида, то он настаивает на том, что пустых терминов не бывает, и поэтому осложнений с основными законами логики в его концепции нет.

In the paper, we compare Aristotle’s and Parmenides’s views regarding the semantic aspects of logic. In Chapter 10 of Categories Aristotle outlines his logical and semantic conception according to which all affirmative propositions with empty subject terms are false whereas all such negatives are true. The laws of non-contradiction and of identity do not apply to them by virtue of this. Contrary to Aristotle’s conception, Parmenides in his poem On nature insists that since there are no empty terms no complication concerning the laws of logic arises in his approach.
"ИСКУССТВО ЖИЗНИ" СТОИКОВ
Authors: САНЖЕНАКОВ А.А.
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена анализу стоического понятия «искусство жизни». Сначала автор обращается к сократической философии, где впервые появляется «искусство заботы о себе» - прообраз исследуемого понятия. Затем он показывает, что нормативное требование попечения о собственной душе, высказанное Сократом, было не только подхвачено стоиками, но и оснащено ясным представлением об условиях его выполнимости. Эти представления появились благодаря данному Зеноном Китийским определению искусства как «упорядоченной совокупности постижений». Однако ригористичность раннестоического учения не позволила ясно показать механизм выполнимости. Лишь римский стоицизм в лице Сенеки смог в полной мере раскрыть смысл «искусства жизни» как теоретико-практического концепта.

The article focuses on the Stoic notion of “art of living”. First of all, I discuss the Socratic phrase “art that one used for taking pains over oneself”, which is a prototype of the studied concept. Then I show that Socratic normative requirement to take care of one's own soul was taken up by the Stoics and equipped with a clear perception of the conditions of its practicability. These perceptions have appeared thanks to the Zeno's definition of art as a ‘system of concepts'. However, the mechanism of its realization remained obscured due to the rigor of early Stoic doctrine. Only the Roman Stoicism, especially this of Seneca, was able to develop the “art of living” as a theoretical and practical concept.
ГРАНИЦА И КАМУШКИ: О ЧЕМ ГОВОРИЛ ЕВРИТ?
Authors: ЛЕЧИЧ Н.Д.
Published: February 2025

Цель данной статьи - пересмотр существующих оценок действий, приписываемых одному из последних ранних пифагорейцев, Евриту из Тарента. Его практика «определения» какой-то вещи числом камушков, необходимых для рисования ее контура, обычно трактуется как наивная или маловажная версия учения о числах его учителя Филолая из Кротона. Наш подход сосредоточивается на концепте границы или предела (ὅρος), используемого Аристотелем для объяснения практики Еврита, и на анализе данного концепта в контексте свидетельств Аристотеля, позволяющих отделить ранний пифагореизм от его интерпретации в Ранней Академии. Мы стремимся показать, что идея, стоящая за перформансами Еврита, заслуживает более высокой оценки в рамках досократической философии, и предлагаем альтернативную ее интерпретацию.

This article attempts to reconsider the customary assessment of the performances attributed to one of the last Early Pythagoreans, Eurytus of Tarentum. His practice of «defining» a thing with the number of pebbles needed to draw its silhouette is usually regarded as a naïve or unworthy version of the number philosophy of his teacher, Philolaus of Croton. Our approach focuses on the concept of the limit, or the boundary (ὅρος), used by Aristotle to explain Eurytus' practice, which we analyse in the context of Aristotle's testimonies distinguishing Early Pythagoreanism from its interpretations in the Early Academy. We strive to show that the idea underlying Eurytus' performances deserves more appreciation in the context of Presocratic philosophy, and to lay a basis for an alternative approach to the interpretation of this practice.
"АФИНСКАЯ ПОЛИТИЯ" АРИСТОТЕЛЯ В РОССИИ (1891-1937 ГГ.)
Authors: ЕГОРОЧКИН М.В.
Published: February 2025

Обнаружение Афинской политии Аристотеля стало одним из ярких событий конца XIX века. Следом за первым лондонским изданием, увидевшим свет в 1891 году, выходят многочисленные переводы новонайденного трактата, возникает обширная научная литература. История изучения Афинской политии в конце XIX - первой половине XX века представляет самостоятельный интерес. Отдельного внимания заслуживает ее изучение в России: публикации, посвященные трактату, составляют лучшую страницу в истории отечественных аристотелевских штудий. Цель данной работы - собрать как можно более полную библиографию переводов и исследований Афинской политии, вышедших в России с 1891 по 1937 год.

The discovery of Aristotle’s Constitution of Athens was one of the highlights of the late 19th century. Following the first London edition in 1891 there appeared numerous translations of the treatise, as well as a lot of scientific literature. History of the Constitution of Athens’s study in the late 19th - the first half of 20th century is of special interest, particularly in Russia, as far as the numerous publications on the treatise constitute the best chapter in the history of Russian Aristotelian studies. This paper intends to offer a comprehensive list of translations and studies of the Constitution of Athens, published in Russia from 1891 to 1937.
AUTOMAÇÃO DE UM SISTEMA DE SELEÇÃO DE PEÇAS POR CORES COM ARDUINO E SUPERVISÓRIO SCADA
Authors: Da Silva Adonias Wanderson Duarte , Braga Junior Gilson Fernandes
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho apresenta um sistema de automação em pequena escala, que realiza a seleção de peças coloridas (balas de chocolate revestidas de cores) e possui programa para supervisão, emulando um sistema de aplicação industrial. A seleção de peças é realizada com o uso de um sensor que identifica os níveis RGB (Red, Green, Blue) das peças, e em seguida é acionada a liberação para reservatórios através de servomotores de acordo com a programação de uma placa Arduino. Com o software SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) é realizada a supervisão do processo através do driver Modbus entre Elipse SCADA e uma placa Arduino distinta para a tarefa de coleta de dados. Apesar de ser possível utilizar a integração entre Arduino e supervisório SCADA para a aplicação desenvolvida, houveram problemas de comunicação que levaram a adoção do monitoramento da cor através de fotodetectores. Conclui-se então que a plataforma escolhida, por ser de baixo custo, pode ser utilizada para representar um sistema de aplicação industrial, servindo como base para um possível módulo didático de automação para aplicação de metodologias ativas de ensino, podendo ser adicionados alarmes contra incêndio (detectores de fumaça), comunicação bluetooth ou via internet para monitoramento por dispositivo móvel, e detecção de peças defeituosas e descarte.
RESÍDUOS ORGÂNICOS: CONCEITOS, NORMAS E LEVANTAMENTO DE DADOS SOBRE SUA GESTÃO EM INSTITUIÇÕES PÚBLICAS DE ENSINO NO BRASIL
Authors: Vieira Isadora Marques , Mariano Lívia Hellen , Cosmann Natássia Jersak , Romanelli Sandro Luíz Tomás Ballande
Published: February 2025

Assim como em todas as atividades humanas, nas instituições de ensino também são originados resíduos sólidos, os quais se assemelham quanto à classificação com os gerados nas residências domésticas e necessitam ser segregados e destinados corretamente conforme sua caracterização. Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar um levantamento acerca de estudos publicados sobre a geração e o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos de classificação orgânica nas instituições públicas de ensino do Brasil, bem como apresentar possíveis soluções para a destinação final ambientalmente correta destes materiais. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica onde foram usados repositórios de informações acadêmicas, portais de periódicos, livros do assunto, entre outros materiais de pesquisa. Foi verificado que na maioria das escolas não há o descarte e/ou a destinação correta dos resíduos sólidos em geral, uma vez que não há uma legislação rigorosa para que se faça cumprir a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Através dos trabalhos que realizaram a composição gravimétrica nas instituições de ensino, observou-se a predominância de geração da tipologia dos resíduos orgânicos, cujas principais formas de armazenamento são em sacos plásticos e tem como destino final os aterros ou até mesmo os lixões a céu aberto. Quanto à destinação final dos resíduos orgânicos, a compostagem apresentou-se como opção viável, pois além de realizar o gerenciamento dos materiais com a posterior geração de adubo que pode ser utilizado em hortas escolares ou na jardinagem, permite que o processo seja observado como um laboratório vivo e dinâmico, onde a teoria da sala de aula pode ser visualizada na prática. Cabe às instituições de ensino “dar o exemplo” e promover em seus ambientes a sensibilização acerca da geração e da destinação dos resíduos junto a toda sua comunidade acadêmica, pois são os locais apropriados para a mudança de atitudes para a sustentabilidade e conservação do planeta.
REAPROVEITAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS CLASSE A EM BLOCOS DE CONCRETO NO BRASIL
Authors: Da Silva Cordeiro Alice Morgana , Seabra de Souza Mariana , Almeida Silva Lucas , Matuti Mafra Bruna Barbosa
Published: February 2025

A construção civil está diretamente associada ao desenvolvimento econômico e social do país, entretanto gera enormes quantidades de resíduos sólidos. E como ocorre em todas as atividades da construção, a geração desses resíduos pode acarretar em impactos socioambientais, evidenciando a relevância do gerenciamento dos mesmos para minimizar impactos negativos que vão desde a escassez dos recursos naturais, como a degradação de paisagens pelo descarte incorreto de resíduos à ocorrência de malefícios voltados para população, como proliferação de doenças. Como há uma grande quantidade de entulhos, ocorre o esgotamento das áreas destinadas para disposição correta, o que implica na importância da reintrodução desses materiais no mercado. Dentre os resíduos, os de classe A, que são gerados em maior quantidade, acabam constituindo a maior parcela de materiais gerados e desperdiçados. Uma das alternativas para minimizar o desperdício desses resíduos é o seu reaproveitamento dentro dos canteiros de obra ou em empresas especializadas para aplicação na produção de determinados materiais de construção. Dessa maneira, a partir de levantamentos bibliográficos, a presente pesquisa aborda estudos que aplicam certas porcentagens de agregados reciclados provenientes da classe A de resíduos para a confecção de blocos de concreto conforme o especificado pela norma, além de analisar suas propriedades mecânicas para determinar onde estes blocos podem ser empregados. De acordo com os estudos apresentados, os blocos produzidos podem ser empregados em alvenarias estruturais, de vedação e na pavimentação, visando obter algumas vantagens ligadas diretamente ao reaproveitamento, dentre as quais apresentam-se a diminuição de impactos ambientais e vantagens socioeconômicas.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DAS SIMULAÇÕES NA MANUFATURA ADITIVA DE MOLDES MECÂNICOS
Authors: LOPES Marcelo , Tamanini Cleiton , Wiltgen Filipe , Cruz Fábio
Published: February 2025

Projetos mais complexos e personalizados principalmente os produzidos via a manufatura formativa com uso de moldes mecânicos parecem ser uma alternativa importante para indústria mundial. Entretanto, para a construção destes moldes complexos é necessário a utilização da manufatura aditiva para sua construção, quer seja pela própria complexidade, quer seja pela necessidade de resfriamento adequado dos moldes. Seja qual for o motivo, a manufatura aditiva permite que projetos complexos sejam executados e fabricados de forma mais eficiente. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a importância do uso de simulações computacionais no desenvolvimento dos projetos de molde por manufatura aditiva e viabilizar a construção, visto que isso reduz o tempo de fabricação e na assertividade durante a realização de testes para avanço da maturidade tecnológica. No decorrer deste artigo tem-se um estudo de caso com aplicação de simulação computacional de injeção de polímeros como ferramenta no desenvolvimento de moldes mecânicos construídos em manufatura aditiva com diferentes tipos de canais de refrigeração. Para este estudo de caso é considerado uma peça com geometria de grande dificuldade construtiva em manufatura formativa. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a utilização correta de canais de refrigeração projetados e construídos via manufatura aditiva pode aumentar a produção em manufatura formativa de forma consideravelmente importante. Por fim, são apresentados e discutidos os resultados e a conclusão.
MODELAGEM E SIMULAÇÃO DO ESCOAMENTO DE SANGUE EM GEOMETRIAS PATIENT-SPECIFIC: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Da Rocha Endel Ferraz , Xavier Guimarães Valentim Moisés , Schwarz Franceschini Zinani Flávia
Published: February 2025

Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre processos de construção de geometrias computacionais patient-specific e simulação do escoamento de sangue a partir de imagens médicas. Para tanto, a metodologia aplicada segue um protocolo que utiliza a formulação de uma pergunta de revisão, a seleção de palavras-chave e a pesquisa de artigos relacionados em uma base de dados, no caso o Scopus. Após a escolha dos artigos que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados 13 cujos resultados foram sintetizados e realizada uma análise bibliométrica. Os artigos selecionados foram classificados de acordo com o software utilizado para construção do modelo, metodologia e aplicações na área médica. Os vários métodos e tipos de aplicações reforçam a importância do tema e mostram que o desenvolvimento de modelos para construção de geometrias patient-specific e simulação computacional do escoamento de sangue vêm crescendo e devem continuar trazer resultados promissores para aplicação em medicina.