bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARS.jl: Efficient fitting of dual‐pump multi‐species CARS spectra using compressed libraries
Authors: Greifenstein M. , Dreizler A.
Published: December 2023

In this publication, we demonstrate the extension of our loss‐less library approach previously limited to fitting ro‐vibrational N2 CARS spectra for thermometry purposes to accurate and efficient fitting of dual‐pump CARS spectra with multiple species. The fundamental reasoning behind the compression approach is to make use of finite resolution effects arising from the laser linewidths, which are typically larger than the transitional linewidths. For accurate reconstruction at runtime of the fit, in addition to the squared modulus and real component, also the imaginary component as well as intra‐region species cross terms have to be compressed and tabulated for dual‐pump multi‐species spectra. The resulting libraries do not require to tabulate combinations of mole fractions, leading to a near linear growth of the library with respect to the number of species. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the method is benchmarked using a reference implementation provided alongside this publication. Library generation times, mainly depending on the underlying spectral model, are typically in the order of seconds to a few minutes. The simulation of a single dual‐pump spectrum containing three species is sped up by a factor of >5000 without significantly affecting the accuracy of reconstruction. In a simulated experiment with Stokes‐noise imposed data, the time required to it temperature, mole fraction of three resonant species and wavenumber shift on a single spectrum required
90 ms.
Meta‐analysis and partial correlation coefficients: A matter of weights
Authors: Hong Sanghyun , Reed W. Robert
Published: December 2023

This study builds on the simulation framework of a recent paper by Stanley and Doucouliagos (Research Synthesis Methods 2023;14;515–519). S&D use simulations to make the argument that meta‐analyses using partial correlation coefficients (PCCs) should employ a “suboptimal” estimator of the PCC standard error when constructing weights for fixed effect and random effects estimation. We address concerns that their simulations and subsequent recommendation may give meta‐analysts a misleading impression. While the estimator they promote dominates the “correct” formula in their Monte Carlo framework, there are other estimators that perform even better. We conclude that more research is needed before best practice recommendations can be made for meta‐analyses with PCCs.
Impact of pretreatment with dielectric barrier discharge plasma on the drying characteristics and bioactive compounds of jackfruit slices
Authors: Seelarat Weerasak , Sangwanna Sujarinee , Chaiwon Tawan , Panklai Teerapap , Chaosuan Natthaphon , Bootchanont Atipong , Wattanawikkam Chakkaphan , Porjai Porramain , Khuangsatung Wongvisarut , Boonyawan Dheerawan
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Hot‐air drying is a popular method for preserving the production of jackfruit, but heat treatment damages its nutritional qualities. Cold plasma is one of the pretreatment methods used to preserve quality attributes of fruits before drying. In the present work, we studied the effect of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma on the drying characteristics, microstructure, and bioactive compounds of jackfruit slices with different pretreatment times (15, 30, 45, and 60 s), followed by hot‐air drying at 50, 60, and 70 °C. A homemade DBD device was operated via three neon transformers.

RESULTS

Optical emission spectrophotometry revealed the emitted spectra of the reactive species in DBD plasma, including the N2 second positive system, N2 first negative system, nitrogen ion, and hydroxyl radical. The results showed that the DBD plasma promoted moisture transfer and enhanced the drying rate, related to the changes in the surface microstructure of samples damaged by DBD plasma. The modified Overhults model was recommended for describing the drying characteristics of jackfruit slices. The contents of ascorbic acid, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total polysaccharides, and antioxidant activity in pretreated jackfruit slices were improved by 9.64%, 42.59%, 25.77%, 27.00%, and 23.13%, respectively. However, the levels of color and carotenoids were reduced.

CONCLUSION

Thus, the bioactive compounds in dried jackfruit slices can be improved using the DBD plasma technique as a potential pretreatment method for the drying process. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Timely delivery of PORT for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in a county hospital
Authors: Rosas Herrera Ana Maria , Haskins Angela D. , Hanania Alexander N. , Jhaveri Pavan M. , Chapman Christina H. , Huang Quillan , Hernandez David J.
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The objective of this study was to compare the rate of post‐operative radiation therapy (PORT) initiation within 6 weeks for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated at a safety net, academic institutio between 2019 and 2021 versus those treated in 2022 after implementation of a new clinical pathway.

Methods

A retrospective case–control study was performed at a single tertiary care, safety‐net, academic institution. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, dates of surgery, and other treatment dates were collected from the electronic medical record. The time from surgery to PORT was calculated. Patients who started radiation treatment within 42 days of surgery were regarded as having started PORT on time. The demographics, tumor characteristics, and rate of timely PORT for the two cohorts of patients were compared.

Results

From 2018 to 2021, our rate of PORT initiation within 6 weeks of surgery was 12% (n = 57). In 2022, our rate of timely PORT was 88% (n = 16), p < 0.5. Patient demographics and characteristics were similar with the exception of marital status and use of free‐flap reconstruction. The 2022 cohort was more likely to be single (p < 0.5), and all patients underwent free‐flap reconstruction in 2022 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Early referrals, frequent communication, and use of a secure registry were the key to the success found by our group despite the socioeconomic challenges of our underserved, safety‐net hospital patient population. The changes made at our institution should serve as a template for other institutions seeking to improve the quality of care for their HNSCC patients.
Nanoparticles encapsulated carbon nanotubes dispersed lubricants for enhanced tribology through particle‐phase variation
Authors: Ranjan Nisha , Kamaraj Muthusamy , Ramaprabhu Sundara
Published: December 2023

Nanostructures as an inert additive to the lubricant act as a tiny friction reduction element by providing asperity filling, polishing, and film formation mechanism at the nanoscale dimension under the boundary layer regime. Here, we explore the synthesis and tribology application of iron‐carbon‐based nanoparticles encapsulated multiwall carbon nanotubes (Fe‐C‐CNTs). Three Fe‐C nanoparticles phase that is, Fe3C‐CNTs, Fe3C‐Fe‐CNTs, and Fe‐CNTs are synthesised. In particular, the emphasis here is on the effect of nanoparticle phase variation on the tribology property. The tribology property of the prepared nanomaterials is studied by dispersing it in commercially used Servo gearbox oil. The coefficient of friction and wear is found reduced in all dispersions compared to the base gearbox oil confirming the manifestation of nanoscale mechanisms at the tribo‐interface. It is revealed that the phase variation shows more impact on the alteration of friction coefficient compared to the dispersion concentration variation analysed using ANOVA two‐way technique. Further, the diameter and composition analysis of the wear scar is used to comprehend the underlying mechanism of the encapsulated particle phase variation. The findings suggest that the Fe‐CNTs dispersions are efficient in reducing friction to a larger extent but also promote the interface oxidation leading to enhanced wear and roughness whereas, Fe3C‐CNTs and Fe3C‐Fe‐CNTs are chemically stable providing smooth sliding and less wear.
Pyrene‐Based “Turn‐On” Fluorescent Polymeric Probe with Thioacetal Units in the Main Chain for Mercury(II) Detection in Aqueous Solutions and Living Cells
Authors: Gu Yu , Li Siyong , Yu Yue , Zhu Jianjian , Yuan Xingyu , Feng Xinxin , Lu Yanbing
Published: December 2023

A water‐soluble polymeric pyrene‐based polythioacetal (PTA‐Py) with thioacetal units in the main chain is simply synthesized by direct polycondensation of 3, 6‐dioxa‐1, 8‐octanedithiol, 1‐pyrene formaldehyde, and mPEG2k‐SH. The probe PTA‐Py shows a good fluorescence response to Hg2+ ions due to the Hg2+‐promoted deprotection reaction of thioacetal groups to regenerate the original 1‐pyrene formaldehyde compound. After adding Hg2+ to the PTA‐Py solution, the fluorescence intensity (FI) gradually increases with increasing concentrations of Hg2+. Compared with other metal ions, the probe exhibits high sensitivity, good selectivity, and rapid response to Hg2+. The low detection limits are 12.3 nm in ethanol‐PBS buffer and 13.3 nm in water, respectively. The results imply that the simply synthesized water‐soluble polymeric probe had potential applications in the rapid detection of Hg2+ ions in aqueous solutions. Moreover, the polymeric PTA‐Py shows high sensitivity for CH3Hg+ with detection limits of 26.5 nm in ethanol/PBS buffer. In addition, PTA‐Py can efficiently detect Hg2+ ions in HeLa cells. The results demonstrate that a valuable method is developed for biocompatible polymeric sensors for Hg2+ ions in biological and environmental samples.
Double‐Network Organohydrogels Toughened by Solvent Exchange
Authors: Li Jianan , Cheng Xue , He Bingbing , Li Longhui , Zhang Huan , Ju Jie , Yao Xi
Published: December 2023

Double‐network hydrogels based on calcium alginate are extensively exploited. Unfortunately, their low strength and unstable constitution to open environments limit their application potential. Herein, a new type of double‐network organohydrogel (OHG) is proposed. By solvent exchange, a stable physical network is established based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)‐alginate in the presence of a polyacrylamide network. The DMSO content endows tunable mechanical properties, with a maximum tensile strength of ≈1.7 MPa. Importantly, the OHG shows much better environmental stability compared to the conventional double‐network hydrogels. Due to the reversible association of hydrogen bonds, the OHG possesses some unique properties, including free‐shapeability, shape‐memory, and self‐adhesion, that offers several promising ways to utilize alginate‐based gels for wide applications.
Dietary Intake of Fructooligosaccharides Protects against Metabolic Derangements Evoked by Chronic Exposure to Fructose or Galactose in Rats
Authors: Almasri Fidèle , Collotta Debora , Aimaretti Eleonora , Sus Nadine , Aragno Manuela , Dal Bello Federica , Eva Carola , Mastrocola Raffaella , Landberg Rikard , Frank Jan , Collino Massimo
Published: December 2023

Scope

Diets rich in fat and sugars evoke chronic low‐grade inflammation, leading to metabolic derangements. This study investigates the impact of fructose and galactose, two commonly consumed simple sugars, on exacerbation of the harmful effects caused by high fat intake. Additionally, the potential efficacy of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a fermentable dietary fiber, in counteracting these effects is examined.

Methods and results

Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (six/group) are fed 8 weeks as follows: control 5% fat diet (CNT), 20% fat diet (FAT), FAT+10% FOS diet (FAT+FOS), FAT+25% galactose diet (FAT+GAL), FAT+GAL+10% FOS diet (FAT+GAL+FOS), FAT+25% fructose diet (FAT+FRU), FAT+FRU+10% FOS diet (FAT+FRU+FOS). The dietary manipulations tested do not affect body weight gain, blood glucose, or markers of systemic inflammation whereas significant increases in plasma concentrations of triacylglycerols, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotrasferase are detected in both FAT+FRU and FAT+GAL compared to CNT. In the liver and skeletal muscle, both sugars induce significant accumulation of lipids and advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs). FOS supplementation prevents these impairments.

Conclusion

This study extends the understanding of the deleterious effects of a chronic intake of simple sugars and demonstrates the beneficial role of the prebiotic FOS in dampening the sugar‐induced metabolic impairments by prevention of lipid and AGEs accumulation.
Miniaturized circularly polarized metasurface antenna based on characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Pang Hui , Zhao Jianping , Xu Juan
Published: December 2023

A miniaturized circularly polarized (CP) metasurface (MTS) antenna is investigated based on characteristic mode theory (CMT). The 4 × 4 square patch structure was used as the initial structure for characteristic mode analysis (CMA) and improvement using CMT to guide the evolution of antenna structures. The square ring is bent and the capacitive strips are introduced to obtain the final miniaturized MTS. Comparing the proposed MTS with traditional MTS, the proposed antenna size is significantly reduced. To give the proposed antenna a CP, a feeding structure with a 90° phase difference is designed to excite a pair of orthogonal target patterns. The final antenna structure has a reduced overall size and has circular polarization characteristics. For verification, the proposed CP MTS antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results show an impedance bandwidth of 2.9–3.65 GHz and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 3.1–3.57 GHz, and a stable gain in the operating frequency band.
Pulmonary circulatory system characteristics are associated with future lung cancer risk
Authors: Pu Jiantao , Bandos Andriy , Yu Tong , Wang Renwei , Yuan Jian‐min , Herman James , Wilson David
Published: December 2023

Background

Most of the subjects eligible for annual low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung screening will not develop lung cancer for their life. It is important to identify novel biomarkers that can help identify those at risk of developing lung cancer and improve the efficiency of LDCT screening programs.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the association between the morphology of the pulmonary circulatory system (PCS) and lung cancer development using LDCT scans acquired in the screening setting.

Methods

We analyzed the PLuSS cohort of 3635 lung screening patients from 2002 to 2016. Circulatory structures were segmented and quantified from LDCT scans. The time from the baseline CT scan to lung cancer diagnosis, accounting for death, was used to evaluate the prognostic ability (i.e., hazard ratio (HR)) of these structures independently and with demographic factors. Five‐fold cross‐validation was used to evaluate prognostic scores.

Results

Intrapulmonary vein volume had the strongest association with future lung cancer (HR = 0.63, p < 0.001). The joint model of intrapulmonary vein volume, age, smoking status, and clinical emphysema provided the strongest prognostic ability (HR = 2.20, AUC = 0.74). The addition of circulatory structures improved risk stratification, identifying the top 10% with 28% risk of lung cancer within 15 years.

Conclusion

PCS characteristics, particularly intrapulmonary vein volume, are important predictors of lung cancer development. These factors significantly improve prognostication based on demographic factors and noncirculatory patient characteristics, particularly in the long term. Approximately 10% of the population can be identified with risk several times greater than average.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes: Shaping the next era of stroke treatment
Authors: Waseem Arshi , Saudamini  , Haque Rizwanul , Janowski Miroslaw , Raza Syed S.
Published: December 2023

Exosome‐based treatments are gaining traction as a viable approach to addressing the various issues faced by an ischemic stroke. These extracellular vesicles, mainly produced by mesenchymal stem cells, exhibit many properties with substantial therapeutic potential. Exosomes are particularly appealing for stroke therapy because of their low immunogenicity, effective cargo transport, and ability to cross the blood–brain barrier. Their diverse effects include neuroprotection, angiogenesis stimulation, inflammatory response modulation, and cell death pathway attenuation, synergistically promoting neuronal survival, tissue regeneration, and functional recovery. Exosomes also show potential as diagnostic indicators for early stroke identification and customized treatment options. Despite these promising qualities, current exosome‐based therapeutics have some limitations. The heterogeneity of exosome release among cell types, difficulty in standardization and isolation techniques, and complications linked to dosage and targeted administration necessitates extensive investigation. It is critical to thoroughly understand exosomal processes and their complicated interactions within the cellular milieu. To improve the practicality and efficacy of exosome‐based medicines, research efforts must focus on improving production processes, developing robust evaluation criteria, and developing large‐scale isolation techniques. Altogether, exosomes’ multifunctional properties offer a new route for transforming stroke treatment and significantly improving patient outcomes.
Status and influencing factors of knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice regarding hospice care among nurses in Hainan, China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tu Wen , Fan Huiying , Liu Wenling , Zhao Xiaoting , Li Mingdong , Gao Xing
Published: December 2023

Aim

This study is to investigate the current status of knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice in hospice care among nurses in Hainan, China, and then to analyse its influencing factors and mediating effects. This provides a basis for formulating scientific and standardized hospice care training programmes for nurses.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study investigated knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice in hospice care among 1819 nurses in Hainan, China. Convenience sampling was used to select participants from 45 hospitals and nursing homes in 14 cities and counties from October to December 2021. A scale of knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice of healthcare providers in hospice care (Chinese version) was administered to collect data during the study period. Statistical analyses, including t‐tests, one‐way ANOVA, post‐hoc analysis and multiple linear regression, assessed the status of knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice of hospice care in nurses and identified influencing factors. The PROCESS macro program model 4.0 was employed to explore the mediating effect of attitude on knowledge and self‐reported practice in hospice care.

Results

Nurses in Hainan displayed low knowledge (mean = 7.68, SD = 3.53), moderate attitudes (mean = 88.13, SD = 12.10) and self‐reported practice (mean = 51.81, SD = 9.82) in hospice care. Current employment and willingness to engage in hospice care were significant factors influencing knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice in hospice care. Attitude partially mediated the relationship between knowledge and self‐reported practice.

Patient or Public Contribution

This study focuses on nurses' knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice in hospice care and does not directly involve patients or the public. However, the findings enhance hospice care provided to patients and the broader community by improving nurses' knowledge and skills. This study informs evidence‐based training programmes and interventions, benefiting those in need of hospice care services.
Complete constitutive model of CFRP including continuous damage in low strain rate compression and temperature generation in high strain rate impact
Authors: Zhao Changfang , Zhong Jianlin , Wang Hongxu , Chen Changqing
Published: December 2023

This paper reports a method to construct the complete constitutive model of carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic (CFRP) by distinguishing the strain rate state and modifying the material stiffness. In quasistatic (low strain rate) compression, the initial nonlinear effect caused by the material defects was described by introducing an nonlinear increasing factor. In dynamic (high strain rate) impact, the nonlinear strengthening effect was described by introducing the dynamic amplification factors of stress and strain based on the reference state. Considering the instantaneous temperature rise obtained from the impact work–temperature generation equation and the influence of temperature on modulus and strength, the coupled thermomechanical constitutive models combining the strain rate effect and the temperature effect were established. The user‐defined material subroutines (VUMAT) were developed, and then these constitutive models were verified by finite element analysis (FEA). Finally, the developed material subroutine was applied to predict the impact penetration of CFRP laminates, and the results show that the opening holes, damage and energy dissipation are in good agreement with the reference experiment. This work comprehensively analyzed the construction method of CFRP constitutive models, which would provide a guidance for the coupled thermomechanical behavior under dynamic impact.

Highlights

An anisotropic continuum mechanical constitutive behavior considering strain rate effect and damage evolution behavior was established.

A macroscopic anisotropic constitutive model including the coupled impact temperature generation‐mechanical behavior was established.

Combined with the incremental finite element method, the three‐dimensional user‐defined material subroutines (VUMAT) were developed and verified.

The thermomechanical impact penetration behaviors of CFRP laminates was predicted, and the stress field, temperature field and failure characteristics were visualized.
Fracture behavior of high‐performance carbon fiber composites toughened by reactive polyetherimide
Authors: Chen Hengxi , Bajaj Devendra , Patil Dadasaheb , Zhu Zewen , Verghese Nikhil , Sue Hung‐Jue
Published: December 2023

Carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites (CFECs) continue to grow in demand for aerospace, mass transportation, electric vehicle, and energy efficient architecture due to their lightweight, high strength, and high modulus. However, CFECs are susceptible to delamination upon impact which can lead to premature structural failure. This paper investigates the interlaminar fracture toughness of unidirectional CFECs based on reactive polyetherimide (rPEI) modified multifunctional epoxy matrix system. The matrices were cured formulations of tetraglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane, triglycidyl para‐amino phenol, rPEI having different molecular weights (MW) and diaminodiphenyl sulfone. Multi‐phase morphologies were observed from the resin castings and CFECs containing different MW rPEI modifiers. Results show that the mode I fracture toughness (GIC) of the rPEI‐toughened CFECs can be increased by as much as 150% over the unmodified CFECs based on the MW and type of phase morphology that promotes crack‐bridging mechanism. In addition, rPEI‐modified CFECs exhibit better property retention (~80% of GIC) after prolonged solvent exposure.

Highlights

A processing‐structure–property relationship based on CFECs is established.

The amine‐terminated rPEI facilitates the formation of a strong bonding.

The molecular weight effect of rPEI on the phase morphology was investigated.

The rPEI enhances the interlaminar fracture toughness of the composites.

The rPEI particle bridging is found to be responsible for the toughening effect.
Trust in prenatal exome sequencing for expectant families facing unexplained fetal anomalies
Authors: Rothschild Harriet T. , Lianoglou Billie R. , Sahin Hodoglugil Nuriye N. , Tick Katie , Brown Julia E. H. , Sparks Teresa N.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Despite exome sequencing (ES) becoming increasingly incorporated into the prenatal setting, few studies have elucidated motivations for and trust in ES and genomic research among a diverse cohort of patients and their partners.

Methods

This is a qualitative study that involved semi‐structured interviews with pregnant or recently pregnant individuals and their partners, interviewed separately, in the setting of ES performed through research for a fetal structural anomaly. All interview transcripts were coded thematically and developed by a multidisciplinary team.

Results

Thirty‐five individuals participated, the majority of whom (66%) self‐identified as a racial or ethnic group underrepresented in genomic research. Many patients and their partners expressed trust in the healthcare system and research process and appreciated the extensive testing for information and closure. There were nonetheless concerns about data privacy and protection for individuals, including those underrepresented, who participated in genomic testing and studies.

Conclusion

Our findings illustrate important elements of motivation, trust and concern related to prenatal ES performed in the research setting, taking into account the perspectives not only of diverse and underrepresented study participants but also partners of pregnant individuals.
Successful antenatal treatment of MAGED2‐related Bartter syndrome and review of treatment options and efficacy
Authors: Walsh Caroline J. , Micke Kestutis , Elfman Hannah , Bock Margret , Harper Teresa , Zaretsky Michael , Galan Henry L. , Behrendt Nicholas , Putra Manesha
Published: December 2023

A new form of transient antenatal Bartter syndrome (aBS) was recently identified that is associated with the X‐linked MAGED2 variant. Case reports demonstrate that this variant leads to severe polyhydramnios that may result in preterm birth or pregnancy loss. There is limited but promising evidence that amnioreductions may improve fetal outcomes in this rare condition. We report a woman with two affected pregnancies. In the first pregnancy, the patient was diagnosed with mild‐to‐moderate polyhydramnios in the second trimester that ultimately resulted in preterm labor and delivery at 25 weeks with fetal demise. Whole exome sequencing of the amniotic fluid sample resulted after the pregnancy loss and revealed a c.1337G>A MAGED2 variant that was considered diagnostically. The subsequent pregnancy was confirmed by chorionic villi sampling to also be affected by this variant. The pregnancy was managed with frequent ultrasounds and three amnioreductions that resulted in spontaneous vaginal delivery at 37 weeks and 6 days of a viable newborn with no evidence of overt electrolyte abnormalities suggesting complete resolution. A detailed review of the published cases of MAGED2‐related transient aBS is provided. Our review focuses on individuals who received antenatal treatment. A total of 31 unique cases of MAGED2‐related transient aBS were compiled. Amnioreduction was performed in 23 cases and in 18 cases no amnioreduction was performed. The average gestational age at delivery was significantly lower in cases without serial amnioreduction (28.7 vs. 30.71 weeks, p = 0.03). Neonatal mortality was seen in 5/18 cases without serial amnioreduction, and no mortality was observed in the cases with serial amnioreduction. In cases of second trimester severe polyhydramnios without identifiable cause, whole exome sequencing should be considered. Intensive ultrasound surveillance and serial amnioreduction is recommended for the management of MAGED2‐related transient aBS.
Mechanism of action of pseudopteroxazole and pseudopterosin G: Diterpenes from marine origin
Authors: Janzing Niklas B. M. , Senges Christoph H. R. , Dietze Pascal , Haltli Bradley , Marchbank Douglas H. , Kerr Russell G. , Bandow Julia E.
Published: December 2023

Pseudopteroxazole (Ptx) and the pseudopterosins are marine natural products with promising antibacterial potential. While Ptx has attracted interest for its antimycobacterial activity, pseudopterosins are active against several clinically relevant pathogens. Both compound classes exhibit low cytotoxicity and accessibility to targeted synthesis, yet their antibacterial mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the modes of action of Ptx and pseudopterosin G (PsG) in Bacillus subtilis employing an unbiased approach that combines gel‐based proteomics with a mathematical similarity analysis of response profiles. Proteomic responses to sublethal concentrations of Ptx and PsG were compared to a library of antibiotic stress response profiles revealing that both induce a stress response characteristic for agents targeting the bacterial cell envelope by interfering with membrane‐bound steps of cell wall biosynthesis. Microscopy‐based assays confirmed that both compounds compromise the integrity of the bacterial cell wall without disrupting the membrane potential. Furthermore, LC‐MSE analysis showed that the greater potency of PsG against B. subtilis, reflected in a lower MIC and a more pronounced proteomic response, may be rooted in a more effective association with and penetration of B. subtilis cells. We conclude that Ptx and PsG target the integrity of the gram‐positive cell wall.
Rigid diols bearing two adamantane‐like components: Synthesis from naturally occurring myo‐inositol and application to the synthesis of high‐Tg polyurethanes
Authors: Sudo Atsushi , Morihiro Akane , Ochi Haruka
Published: December 2023

myo‐inositol, a naturally occurring cyclic hexaol, was converted into conformationally constrained diols 4 bearing two adamantane‐like components in the molecule. For the synthesis of 4, an orthoester derivative of myo‐inositol bearing an adamantane‐like rigid structure on which three hydroxyl groups were attached was used as the precursor. Two molecules of the orthoester were tethered via acetalization using two axially oriented hydroxyl groups, successfully constructing the core structure of 4. Polyaddition of 4 with diisocyanate was performed to obtain the corresponding polyurethanes, with glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 150 to 210°C.
Experimental nibble for computational chemists: On the construction and CO2 capture by different zeolite imidazole ester framework‐8 and ionic
Authors: Yang Jiaxi , Gao Dan , Pan Yong , Cao Yuanyuan , Zhang Heng , Chen Yating
Published: December 2023

The combination of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) and ionic liquids (ILs) to create porous ionic liquids (PILs) is highly significant for efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and the advancement of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies. To further investigate the CO2 capture characteristics of different PILs, two different‐sized ZIF‐8 structures and two functionalized ILs were prepared. Additionally, the enhancement factor of the reaction process was calculated using the dual‐film theory and mass transfer coefficient. The results demonstrated that the original [PMIm]Cl had low CO2 absorption capacity at ambient temperature and pressure, whereas the functionalized ILs had a maximum CO2 capture capacity of approximately .31 mol/mol, with the 20 wt% concentration of tetraethylene pentamine‐2‐methylimidazole ([TEP][MIm]) exhibiting the highest CO2 capture capacity of around 1.93 mol/mol. The synthesized PILs demonstrated a maximum CO2 capture capacity of approximately 2.22 and 2.16 mol/mol at 20 and 10 wt% ionic concentrations, respectively, with a porous ionic liquid addition of 1.0/100 g. The corresponding enhancement factors were 1.53 and 1.59, respectively. These findings have significant implications for CCUS technology.
1H,4H‐1,4‐diborabuckminsterfullerene with pyridine molecules and ytterbium endo‐atom
Authors: Semenov Sergey G. , Bedrina Marina E. , Klemeshev Vladimir A.
Published: December 2023

The competition between the ytterbium endo‐atom and the pyridine exo‐molecules as nucleophiles interacting with the electron‐deficient 1H,4H‐1,4‐diborabuckminsterfullerene was studied using the quantum chemical DFT PBE0 method. The equilibrium structural parameters, dipole moments, IR spectra, and exothermic effects of the formation of the C58B2•Py2 adduct and the endohedral Yb@C58B2•Py2 complex were determined. The concept of the state of oxidation/reduction of an atom in a chemical compound has been clarified. The localization of the ytterbium(II) under a pair of equivalent carbon atoms bonded to boron(III) atoms is predicted. The introduction of ytterbium(II) into the adduct cavity weakens exo‐bonds with pyridine molecules without changing the oxidation state of boron(III). Each nitrogen atom retains a lone electron pair, coordinated by a boron(III). The ytterbium(II) endo‐atom retains 14 electrons in f states.
Safety and efficacy of COVID‐19 vaccines: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled and randomized clinical trials
Authors: Beladiya Jayesh , Kumar Anup , Vasava Yogesh , Parmar Krupanshu , Patel Dipanshi , Patel Sandip , Dholakia Sandip , Sheth Devang , Boddu Sai H. S. , Patel Chirag
Published: December 2023

Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have been discovered within a very small duration of time as compared to the traditional way for the development of vaccines, which raised the question about the safety and efficacy of the approved vaccines. The purpose of this study is to look at the effectiveness and safety of vaccine platforms against the incidence of COVID‐19. The literature search was performed on PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, and clinical trials.gov databases for studies published between 1 January 2020 and 19 February 2022. Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review and Meta‐Analysis Statement guidelines were followed. Among 284 articles received by keywords, a total of 11 studies were eligible according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria (studies in special populations, e.g., pregnant women, paediatric patients, editorials, case reports, review articles, preclinical and in vitro studies) of the study. A total of 247,186 participants were considered for randomisation at baseline, among them, 129,572 (52.42%) were provided with vaccine (Intervention group) and 117,614 (47.58%) with the placebo (Control group). A pooled fold change estimation of 0.19 (95% CI: 0.12–0.31, p < 0.0001) showed significant protection against the incidence of COVID‐19 in the vaccines received group versus the placebo group. mRNA based, inactivated vaccines and non‐replicating viral vector‐based vaccines showed significantly protection against the incidence of COVID‐19 compared to placebo with pooled fold change estimation was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.06–0.10), 0.20 (95% CI: 0.14–0.29) and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.28–0.46), respectively. Injection site discomfort and fatigue were the most common side effect observed in mRNA, non‐replicating viral vector, inactivated, and protein subunit‐based vaccines. All the approved vaccines were found safe and efficacious but mRNA‐based vaccines were found to be more efficacious against SARS‐CoV‐2 than other platforms.
Extended dissipative synchronization for discrete complex dynamical networks with random successive coupling delays through PID control
Authors: Pallavi S. , Sakthivel N.
Published: December 2023

This work investigates the synchronization problem for a kind of discrete complex dynamical networks (CDNs) including nonlinearities, exogenous disturbance, and successive time‐varying random coupling delays. Also, the stochastic variable obeying Bernoulli distribution is exploited to describe the randomness of the coupling delays. The main target of this work is to devise a novel PID controller ensuring that the proposed network is asymptotically synchronized in mean‐square and also meets a specified extended dissipative performance. With the aid of Kronecker product properties, Lyapunov stability theory and free weighting matrix technique, less conservative sufficient criteria is obtained in the form of Linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) to affirm the synchronization of the considered network. At last, the efficacy and potency of the designed control protocol are verified through two examples including the Chen system.
Boosting diversity in regression ensembles
Authors: Bourel Mathias , Cugliari Jairo , Goude Yannig , Poggi Jean‐Michel
Published: December 2023

Ensemble methods, such as Bagging, Boosting, or Random Forests, often enhance the prediction performance of single learners on both classification and regression tasks. In the context of regression, we propose a gradient boosting‐based algorithm incorporating a diversity term with the aim of constructing different learners that enrich the ensemble while achieving a trade‐off of some individual optimality for global enhancement. Verifying the hypotheses of Biau and Cadre's theorem (2021, Advances in contemporary statistics and econometrics—Festschrift in honour of Christine Thomas‐Agnan, Springer), we present a convergence result ensuring that the associated optimization strategy reaches the global optimum. In the experiments, we consider a variety of different base learners with increasing complexity: stumps, regression trees, Purely Random Forests, and Breiman's Random Forests. Finally, we consider simulated and benchmark datasets and a real‐world electricity demand dataset to show, by means of numerical experiments, the suitability of our procedure by examining the behavior not only of the final or the aggregated predictor but also of the whole generated sequence.
Coplanar MoS2–MoTe2 Heterojunction With the Same Crystal Orientation
Authors: Wang Qi , Song Yiwen , Ran Yuqia , Li Yanping , Pan Yu , Ye Yu
Published: December 2023

Two‐dimensional (2D) coplanar heterostructure enables high‐performance optoelectronic devices, such as p–n heterojunctions. However, realizing site‐controllable and shape‐specific 2D coplanar heterojunctions composed of two semiconductors with the same crystal orientation still requires the development of new growth methods. Here, a route to fabricate MoS2–MoTe2 coplanar heterojunctions with the same crystal orientation is reported by exploiting the properties of phase transition and atomic rearrangement during the growth of 2H‐MoTe2. Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy techniques reveal the chemical composition and lattice structure of the heterostructure. Both MoS2 and MoTe2 in the heterojunction are single crystals and have the same lattice orientation, and their shapes can be arbitrarily defined by electron beam lithography. Electrical measurements show that the MoS2 and MoTe2 channels exhibit n‐type and p‐type transfer characteristics, respectively. The coplanar epitaxy technology can be used to prepare more coplanar heterostructures with novel device functions.
3D Flower‐like Nanospheres Constructed by Transition Metal Telluride Nanosheets as Sulfur Immobilizers for High‐Performance Room‐Temperature Na‐S Batteries
Authors: Gao Wanjie , Song Bingyan , Zhang Qianyu , He Jiarui , Wu Yuping
Published: December 2023

Room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT Na‐S) batteries hold immense promise as next‐generation energy storage systems, owing to their exceptionally high theoretical capacity, abundant resources, eco‐friendliness, and affordability. Nevertheless, their practical application is impeded by the shuttling effect of sodium polysulfides (NaPSs) and sluggish sulfur redox kinetics. In this study, an advanced strategy by designing 3D flower‐like molybdenum telluride (MoTe2) as an efficient catalyst to promote sulfur redox for RT Na‐S batteries is presented. The unique 3D flower‐like MoTe2 effectively prevents NaPS shuttling and simultaneously offers abundant active catalytic sites facilitating polysulfide redox. Consequently, the obtained MoTe2/S cathode delivers an outstanding initial reversible capacity of 1015 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, along with robust cycling stability of retaining 498 mAh g−1 at 1 C after 500 cycles. In addition, pouch cells are fabricated with the MoTe2 additive to deliver an ultrahigh initial discharge capacity of 890 mAh g−1 and remain stable over 40 cycles under practically necessary conditions, demonstrating the potential application in the commercialization of RT Na‐S batteries.
Properties of steel fiber reinforced mortar‐plastic columns with the cross‐section in a form of a Cesaro fractal
Authors: Katzer Jacek , Skoratko Aneta , Seitl Stanislav
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the concept of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC)‐plastic columns was explored and discussed. Plastic served as a 3D printed formwork that remained in place. Five different column cross‐section shapes, based on Cesaro fractal iterations, were created and filled with steel fiber reinforced mortar. After curing, the specimens were loaded and load‐strain characteristics were recorded, with a focus on destruction characteristics and energy dissipated up to 6.0% strain. The results showed that columns with fractal‐based cross‐sections had smooth destruction with significant formwork deformation. All columns exhibited highly quasi‐plastic behavior. The results demonstrate the feasibility of replacing traditional formwork and concrete with a more automated 3D printed plastic and SFRC solution. Future research should focus on large‐scale columns and other structural elements.
Effects of bacterial consortium enhanced recycled coarse aggregates on self‐healing concrete immobilized with Bacillus megaterium MTCC 1684 and Bacillus subtilis NCIM 2193
Authors: Bakr Mohd Abu , Hussain Ahmed , Singh Paritosh Kumar , Singh Birendra Kumar , Prajakti
Published: December 2023

The strength and durability properties of the recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) have been affected by the cracks and the weak interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of the recycled coarse aggregates (RCA). However, the mechanical and physical features of RCA can be improved by microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP). Therefore, immobilization techniques were used to protect and maintain the high efficiency of Bacillus bacteria for the formation and precipitation of calcium carbonates in self‐healing concrete over a period of time. The objective of the present study was to show the viability of the immobilized bacterial consortium‐enhanced RCA to form self‐healing cracks. Further, the self‐healing capability of enhanced RCA was investigated along with two other immobilization methods, that is, RCA and hydrated lime and brick powder (HBr)‐immobilized bacteria. The experimental results show that the increase in the bio‐deposition time improved the physical and mechanical properties of the RCA. Further, subsequently 56 days of the healing incubation period, the immobilized consortium‐enhanced RCA concrete specimens completely healed the cracks of width 0.58 mm. However, the equivalent cracks of width 0.56 mm were also recovered by the HBr immobilized bacterial cultures. Furthermore, the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the existence of precipitation at the crack surface was calcium carbonate with a regular cubic‐shaped and lamellar layer morphology. The outcomes of the current study show that consortium‐enhanced RCA has promising potential to develop self‐healing concrete with self‐repaired and improved durability properties in the concrete construction field.
Fluorescent Probes Based on Charge and Proton Transfer for Probing Biomolecular Environment
Authors: Pivovarenko Vasyl G. , Klymchenko Andrey S.
Published: December 2023

Fluorescent probes for sensing fundamental properties of biomolecular environment, such as polarity and hydration, help to study assembly of lipids into biomembranes, sensing interactions of biomolecules and imaging physiological state of the cells. Here, we summarize major efforts in the development of probes based on two photophysical mechanisms: (i) an excited‐state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), which is represented by fluorescent solvatochromic dyes that shift their emission band maximum as a function of environment polarity and hydration; (ii) excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), with particular focus on 5‐membered cyclic systems, represented by 3‐hydroxyflavones, because they exhibit dual emission sensitive to the environment. For both ICT and ESIPT dyes, the design of the probes and their biological applications are summarized. Thus, dyes bearing amphiphilic anchors target lipid membranes and report their lipid organization, while targeting ligands direct them to specific organelles for sensing their local environment. The labels, amino acid and nucleic acid analogues inserted into biomolecules enable monitoring their interactions with membranes, proteins and nucleic acids. While ICT probes are relatively simple and robust environment‐sensitive probes, ESIPT probes feature high information content due their dual emission. They constitute a powerful toolbox for addressing multitude of biological questions.
Dynamic interplay of intratumoral microbiota within the colorectal cancer microenvironment
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Wang Pingping , Zhao Xinyu , Liu Ti , Situ Bo , Zheng Lei
Published: December 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex malignancy, influenced not only by cancer cells but also by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Within the TME, emerging evidence highlights the presence and functional roles of diverse microbial entities, referred to as intratumoral microbiota. The distribution of these microbiota exhibits significant heterogeneity and engages in dynamic interactions with tumor cells, forming a unique ecosystem. Certain bacterial strains distinctly influence the TME of CRC, affecting the characteristics and progression of the tumor. This review summarizes the intricate roles of intratumoral microbiota within CRC's TME, emphasizing their importance in the disease's development and progression, and discuss the opportunities and challenges in the field.
Gender Equality, Equity, and Equal Opportunities
Authors: Nanni Giulia
Published: December 2023

The history of equality is part of our existence and one of the fundamental pillars of democracy. However, it is not a natural entity, but a concept that needs to be specified in order to acquire meaning: between whom and in what aspect does equality operate? In this work, we address the issue of equality between men and women in the six areas of life identified by the European Institute for Gender Equality (Work, Money, Time, Power, Knowledge, Health) plus that of Violence. This is because what we know for sure is that no country in the world can yet claim to have achieved gender equality. In this chapter, we therefore define the evolution of the concept of equality and gender equality, as well as the relevance of the latter in the international arena and the countless barriers to its achievement.
The Complexity of Social Phenomena and the Construction of Indicators
Authors: Alaimo Leonardo Salvatore
Published: December 2023

For many years, indicators have been considered niche topics in the literature. In recent decades, this issue has become central to the scientific debate and has been discussed in any conference or workshop on the measurement and analysis of socioeconomic phenomena. Indicators are not a specific and exclusive topic of the natural or social sciences, but are used and constructed everywhere, and their functions in contemporary societies are widespread (Maggino et al., 2021). This Chapter adresses the issue of indicators as tools for measuring the complexity of reality. The different steps for constructing a system of indicators and for its synthesis are analysed, focusing on the composite indicators.
From a 350th Anniversary to a Global Movement: United by Science for a Better Tomorrow
Authors: Betz Ulrich A. K.
Published: December 2023

When Merck celebrated its 350th anniversary as the world’s oldest pharmaceutical and chemical company back in 2018, the establishment of the Curious—Future Insight Conference was a major milestone. Along with the inauguration of the annual upto one million euro Merck Future Insight Prize, it underlined the company’s commitment and ambition to help advance science and technology for the benefit of humanity.