bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QUALITY STANDARDIZATION OF LONGAN SEED EXTRACT (EUPHORIA LONGAN STEND)
Authors: RATNAH ST. , SALASA ALFRIDA MONICA
Published: March 2022

Objective: Economic development in urban areas is a big attraction that causes urbanization so that the population increases. This has an impact on health, including skin health. One of the skin disorders is acne. Acne can be overcome with the use of traditional medicine. Longan Fruit Seed Extract contains phytochemical compounds that act as antibacterial and antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to obtain scientific data on the standardization of the quality of longan seed extract.

Methods: Longan seeds were made simplicia, extracted by sokhletasi method and tested for standardization of extract quality.

Results: The results of this study for specific parameters obtained extract identity, organoleptic test data form thick (sticky), glossy brown color, has a distinctive odor like longan flesh and sweet taste. The content of water-soluble compounds was 67.02±1.84, ethanol-soluble was 25.62±0.57. The total flavonoid content calculated as quercetin was 0.27±0.041. Non-specific parameters obtained data on water content 27.80 %±0.82, total ash content 1.58%±0.05, acid insoluble ash content 0.066 %±0.04, ALT 64x102 colonies/g, AKK 7x102 colonies/g, 0.0094 ppm Hg, 0.96 ppm As and 0.031 ppm Pb.

Conclusion: Longan seed extract meets the requirements for standardization of extract quality.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION DUE TO LOW HAEMOGLOBIN COUNT
Authors: S. HARIKRISHNAN , SUMEDHA  , ANAND VIJAY
Published: March 2022

Objective: It has been shown that low haemoglobin count is associated with psychological consequences and psychiatric morbidity. The association between low haemoglobin count and psychological depression has not been properly interpreted with standard values. Hence the purpose of this pilot study is to know whether there is a relation between the haemoglobin levels and the risk of developing psychiatric disorders and morbidities.

To find out if there is any relationship between low haemoglobin count and depression in a rural healthcare setup.

Methods: Patients from the Psychiatry Department in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital were taken. Adults over the age of 18 were included. The period between the months September 2020 and July 2021. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of psychiatric depression and their associated blood haemoglobin values.

Results: Among the other types of psychiatric disorders, the female patients with low haemoglobin count were associated with a significantly higher incidence of anxiety disorders, depression and adjustment disorders. Furthermore, patients with normal haemoglobin levels were associated with a significantly lower risk of psychiatric morbidities.

Conclusion: The undergone study indicates that patients with psychiatric disorders such as depression, adjustment disorders and anxiety are related with significantly low haemoglobin counts in women and not in men.
DENDRIMERS: A REVIEW ON ITS SNYTHESIS, TYPES, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: NATH JUNMONI
Published: March 2022

Dendrimers are monodisperse macromolecules with a lot of branches. Dendrimers' structural advantages enable them to play a key role in the field of nano-drug delivery. Dendrimers are ideal for a wide range of biological and industrial applications due to their unique behaviour. The bioactive substances may be readily encapsulated into the inside of the dendrimers or chemically conjugated or physically adsorbed onto the dendrimer surface, tailoring the carrier's desirable features to the active material's unique demands and therapeutic uses. This review summarizes on dendrimer production, characterization, advantages, and potential applications in drug delivery.
ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY OF BAUHINIA VARIEGATA AND MADHUCA LONGIFOLIA IN MICE
Authors: KHARE PRAGATI , KISHORE KAMAL , SHARMA DINESH KUMAR
Published: March 2022

Objective: Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia, which belongs to Leguminosae and Sapotaceae, respectively, is traditionally used in India for the cure of many diseases. This study represents the result of acute oral toxicity of Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia on swiss albino mice.

Methods: Following acute oral administration of 2500 mg/kg crude extracts of Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia to swiss albino mice, no mortalities or evidence of adverse effects were observed.

Results: The results of this study agree with those of in vitro experiments, indicating that the use of Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia leaves is scientifically validated.

Conclusion: The result was in agreement with that of in vitro experiments, whereby the crude extracts of Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia did not show toxicity. Based on the outcome of acute toxicity in experimental mice, the crude extracts of both Bauhinia variegata and Madhuca longifolia could be regarded as safe in experimental mice. Further toxicity study over a longer period of time involving detection of effects on vital organ functions would ensure that the plants are safe for human consumption.
A review of stakeholder recommendations for defining fit-for-purpose real-world evidence algorithms
Authors: Beyrer Julie , Abedtash Hamed , Hornbuckle Kenneth , Murray James F
Published: March 2022

Aim:The credibility and value of real-world evidence (RWE) are either supported or undermined by the algorithms (i.e., operational definitions) used.Methods:We conducted a targeted evidence review of key RWE decision makers' published recommendations on RWE algorithms through April 2021. Stakeholders were regulatory bodies, other governmental agencies and payer organizations.Results:Our review identified recommended criteria: relevance, validity, reliability, responsiveness, transparency and replicability, safety, feasibility and quality process. Stakeholders routinely recommended accuracy measures, subgroups evaluation and specific considerations for assessing exposures and covariates and the underlying real-world data (RWD) quality.Conclusion:The importance of stakeholder guidance on fit-for-purpose RWE algorithms is growing. We highlight gaps that future guidance and stakeholder recommendations could address.
Some open questions in quiver gauge theory
Authors: Bao Jiakang , Hanany Amihay , He Yang-Hui , Hirst Edward
Published: March 2022

Quivers, gauge theories and singular geometries are of great interest in both mathematics and physics. In this note, we collect a few open questions which have arisen in various recent works at the intersection between gauge theories, representation theory, and algebraic geometry. The questions originate from the study of supersymmetric gauge theories in different dimensions with different supersymmetries. Although these constitute merely the tip of a vast iceberg, we hope this guide can give a hint of possible directions in future research.
Fabrication of T-Shirt Folding Machine
Authors: Ninawe Dr. A. P. , Borkar Vikesh , Nand Ganesh , Manapure Mrunal , Dahiwale Devid , Koche Pratik , Bhaiswar Sushant
Published: March 2022

Abstract: The purpose of this research is to prepare machine that Automatic T-shirt Folding Machine to make a fold of every shirts which is put on machine. The presented paper will provide a brief idea in designing new machine with some of these materials. Keywords: Aluminium sheet, wiper motor, square pipes, microcontroller board, relay.
Speech to Speech Translation with Response Suggestion (English-Hindi)
Authors: HU Kushal , Yashaswi Kethu , Vinod Patil Chanchal , G Meghana
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Language barriers are becoming more common in primary care as a result of the surge in international migration. People who do not speak the same language will be able to converse in real-time using natural spoken language thanks to this technology. It can assist in overcoming linguistic hurdles as well as having more effective communications. We can also reply rapidly as a result of it. Medical researchers must translate their findings into several languages, with international tribunals and regional blocs such as the EU requiring particularly stringent translations.
Diabesta Faction Security in Machine Learning
Authors: Patel Unnati K , Jaison Feon
Published: March 2022

Abstract: Diabetes is a disease that could impact high levels of glucose in the human body. It should not be ignored until proper treatment is administered with proper precautions, sometimes due to irresponsibility assumed by patients, leading to heart problems, kidney problems, blood pressure, lesions eyes and may affect other organs of the human body. If precautions are taken from the beginning, it can be cured. In the proposed work machine learning classification and defined techniques on a dataset to predict diabetes is being done. Such as Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF). The end result shows that Random Forest achieved higher accuracy than other machine learning techniques. The importance of privacy in deep learning applications is directly related to the emergence of distributed and multiparty models. Keywords: Machine learning, prediction, security, differential privacy, random forest, logistic regression, super vector machine.
An approach to modeling the maintenance of stationary thermochemical gas analyzers at an oil refinery
Authors: Samarin I. V. , Kryuchkov A. V. , Strogonov A. Yu.
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The authors draw attention to the importance of the pre-explosive concentration detectors to assure the fire safety (FS) of fire and explosion hazardous facilities at oil refineries. The problem of the principle of pla­cing detectors close to sources of potential leaks is identified. The subject of research is the process of the maintenance of stationary thermochemical gas analyzers and their detectors installed around open-air facilities (OAF).

Theoretical fundamentals. The notion of the discipline of the maintenance of stationary thermochemical gas analyzers is addressed in this section. The authors justify the choice of this type of devices according to the classification based on physical methods of analysis. Maintenance as a process, focused on the fire and explosion safety at oil refineries, depends on environmental and meteorological parameters, as well as the parameters of the process equipment. The release of catalytic poisons in the process of oil refining at OAFs, which negatively affect the sensitive elements (SE) of thermochemical detectors, and weather conditions may reduce calibration adjustment intervals or cause an accelerated failure of sensitive elements. The impact of environmental factors makes it necessary to adjust the detector calibration dates with account taken of the standard ones specified in the engineering documentation.

Research results. The work sets the goals in terms of the values of the function of groups of parameters that substantiate the implementation of measures focused on the maintenance of detectors in the condition required by the documentation. The maintenance evaluation criterion is expressed as a vector of objective functions that convey the dependencies between groups of climatic, personnel work performance, specific, and other parameters. The integral criterion of the maintenance efficiency is provided in the form of a rectangular matrix and a convolution that takes into account three vectors of objective functions. The discipline of the maintenance of gas analyzers is presented in the form of a discrete subprocess of the process of fire and explosion safety assurance.

Conclusions. This research work addresses an approach to modeling the discipline of the maintenance of stationary thermochemical gas analyzers installed around the open-air facilities (OAF) of an oil refinery. In further studies it is necessary to analyze the spatial location of the gas analyzer detectors to determine their number depending on the perimeter of the oil refinery’s open-air facilities.
“It pulls you down, but you need it to access the benefits”: the double-edged sword of mental illness diagnosis
Authors: Dalla Vecchia Pereira Liana Cristina , Skovdal Morten
Published: March 2022

Mental ill-health is rife in all corners of the world. Mental illness diagnosis simultaneously names the problem and labels a person. Taking a social representations perspective, this phenomenological study explores how 12 people living with a mental disorder in Barcelona, Spain, experienced their diagnosis. They experienced having to process what this “diagnosis for life” meant for their sense of self. Immediate encounters of stereotyping and changes in their social relations, reinforced their experience of being “stigmatized for life” and seen as “mentally ill all the time”. Participants did however also note that the diagnosis helped them make sense of the past and the future, including enabling access to specific benefits, which supported their recovery and helped them make ends meet – highlighting the ambivalence of mental illness diagnosis. This study highlights the need to consider the social context and patients’ narrated experiences of diagnosis centre stage.
O trabalho do profissional liberal da saúde no contexto da pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Messias Joao Carlos , Barbi Karina Borgonovi Silva , Tedeschi Eduardo Henrique , Labarthe Javier
Published: March 2022

A partir de março de 2020 a pandemia da COVID-19 gerou importantes impactos sobre o trabalho em escala mundial. Diante da inexistência de uma vacina, as medidas mais adotadas foram o distanciamento social e preferência pelo trabalho remoto. O presente estudo buscou compreender quais significados que oito profissionais liberais da área da saúde estavam atribuindo aos seus ofícios em meio a esse contexto. Foram realizados encontros dialógicos com um odontólogo, um médico, uma terapeuta ocupacional, uma enfermeira, um psicólogo, uma fisioterapeuta, uma fonoaudióloga e uma nutricionista registrados por meio de narrativas compreensivas. Três categorias de resultados foram encontradas: 1) o significado do trabalho, 2) a opção pela atuação liberal e 3) as implicações da pandemia. Foi possível constatar como os efeitos da pandemia foram sendo vividos de maneiras peculiares por cada um dos participantes e fazendo-os repensar, em alguns casos, o significado do trabalho em suas vidas.
IMPACT OF THE SARS-CoV-2 PANDEMIC ON TRAINING ACTIVITY: SURVEY OF SURGICAL RESIDENTS
Authors:   Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Tárraga Soriano Jorge , Diranzo García Marta ,   Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Diranzo García José ,   Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Hernández Ramos Xaviera María ,   Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Beltrán Puig Miguel ,   Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Castillo Ruipérez Laura ,   Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Villalba Ferrer Francisco ,   Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia
Published: March 2022

Introduction. The global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus led to the restructuring of healthcare activity, modifying the training programs of medical interns. The objective of this article is to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on the training of medical interns in surgical specialties and the possible solutions to the detriment of training. Material and methods. Observational descriptive multicenter study base on a questionnaire of 20 items with multiple choice answers, completed by 232 surgical residents of the Valencian Community. Results. A response rate of 36.3% was obtained. 20.9% of those surveyed treated patients positive for COVID-19 and only 39.1% of them reported having the adequate personal protective equipment in all occasions. All those surveyed indicated a decrease in scheduled surgical activity and 85.5% reported having attended a reduced number of surgeries of their specialty because they were designated to perform other healthcare tasks derived from the pandemic. 99.1% of those surveyed considered that the situation triggered by the pandemic has meant less training in their surgical field. 65.5% of surgical residents consider that it is necessary to prolong the overall training time. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the training of residents of surgical specialties. For this reason, it is necessary to evaluate these formative setbacks and ensure the implementation of useful measures to reduce the negative effect on the acquisition of surgical skills.
ADRENAL HEMATOMA SECONDARY TO A SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF A PSEUDOANEURYSM
Authors:   Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Tarragona Juan XXIII, Coello Torà Iris , Martínez Moreno Ana Isabel ,   Department of Urology, Son Espases University Hospital, Guimerà García Jorge ,   Department of Urology, Son Espases University Hospital, Aizpiri Laura ,   Department of Urology, Son Espases University Hospital, Peraire Maria ,   Department of Urology, Son Espases University Hospital, Vega Camila Andrea ,   Department of Urology, Son Espases University Hospital, Amer Miquel ,   Department of Urology, Son Espases University Hospital, Guldris Ricardo José ,   Department of Urology, Son Espases University Hospital, Pieras Ayala Enrique Carmelo ,   Department of Urology, Son Espases University Hospital
Published: March 2022

Spontaneous unilateral adrenal haematoma secondary to a pseudoaneurysm is a rare condition and is usually associated with anomalies of the gland. Mostly, it can be treated conservatively; but in some cases, it can progress to a progressive haemorrhage with instability. We report a case of a 74-year-old male who presented with pain and hypotension secondary to a spontaneous unilateral adrenal pseudoaneurysm and retroperitoneal bleeding associated to anticoagulation, successfully treated by embolization.
Is Every Definition Persuasive?
Authors: Pruś Jakub , Aberdein Andrew
Published: March 2022

“Is every definition persuasive?” If essentialist views on definition are rejected and a pragmatic account adopted, where defining is a speech act which fixes the meaning of a term, then a problem arises: if meanings are not fixed by the essence of being itself, is not every definition persuasive? To address the problem, we refer to Douglas Walton’s impressive intellectual heritage—specifically on the argumentative potential of definition. In finding some non-persuasive definitions, we show not every definition is persuasive. The persuasiveness lies not in syntactic or semantic properties, but the context. We present this pragmatic account and provide rules for analysing and evaluating persuasive definition—a promising direction for further research.
A Pragmatic Account of Rephrase in Argumentation
Authors: Koszowy Marcin , Oswald Steve , Budzynska Katarzyna , Konat Barbara , Gygax Pascal
Published: March 2022

In the spirit of the pragmatic account of quotation and reporting offered by Macagno and Walton (2017), we outline a systematic pragmatic account of rephrasing. For this purpose, we combine two interrelated methods of inquiry into the variety of uses of rephrase as a persuasive device: (i) the annotation of rephrase types to identify locutionary and illocutionary aspects of rephrase, (ii) the crowd–sourced examination of rephrase types to investigate their perlocutionary effects. As it draws on Waltonian insights and on empirical and experimental research on the (mis)use of rephrase, our approach allows us to ground a novel theoretically–informed and data–driven pragmatic account of rephrase.
Investigating the accuracy of determining the railway track gauge geometry by digital photogrammetry
Authors: Niyazgulov U.D. , Niyazgulov F.K. , Krivous A.V.
Published: March 2022

The characteristics of the railway’s experimental section, geodetic networks and technologies types for their construction on the experimental section are considered. Technologies for studying railway geometry using a Gedo (Trimble) measuring trolley, a track template, and a geometric leveling method are presented. The technical characteristics of unmanned vehicles used for aerial photography of the experimental site, as well as the technical characteristics of the used cameras are given. The method and features of the experimental site aerial survey area using drones are described. The comparative accuracy of determining the geometric parameters of the railway track for processing digital images obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles by processing them on digital photogrammetric systems PHOTOMOD 6.5.2764?64 and “Agisoft Metashape Professional” is given. Based on the work performed, it is shown that the use of digital photogrammetry methods will enable quick and cost-effective determining the geometric parameters of the railway track for solving monitoring tasks, during reconstruction and major repairs in order to put it in the design position, etc.
Global South Perspectives on International Relations: new frameworks for Transboundary Water Analysis
Authors: Espíndola Isabela Battistello , Telarolli de Almeida Leite Maria Luísa
Published: March 2022

International Relations (IR) are an interdisciplinary field of study; however, mainstream IR possesses a Western and North-centric focus that neglects or unequivocally reflects Global South perspectives and realities. Global events, including those related to transboundary water relations, are told from a Western and North perspective. That does not provide enough knowledge to understand developments occurring in the Global South, understood here as less economically developed countries, comprising a variety of states with diverse levels of economic, cultural, and political influence in the international order. In this sense, the article exposes some Latin American IR thinking, to offer new contributions to the process of theorizing transboundary water relations and broaden the field of view within IR and transboundary water. Following a qualitative methodology, based on the bibliographic revision of authors from the Global South in IR and hydropolitics, the paper argues that it is necessary to incorporate non-Western and non-Northern actors and thinking to explore how different actors challenge, support, and shape global and regional hydropolitics. The paper calls for more attention to how the analytical framework on transboundary water interactions can include Global South perspectives. The paper concludes with some suggestions for future research and policy discussions.
Pseudodiverticulose intramural do esôfago
Authors: Mazucato Juliana , Ferrarezi Fernando Carpentieri , Almodova Emiliano de Carvalho , Luiza Cavalero de Lima
Published: March 2022

Relato de dois casos de Pseudodiverticulose Intramural do Esôfago (PDIE), doença rara, com outros 240 casos relatados em toda literatura mundial desde 1960. Sua etiologia e patogênese ainda não são completamente conhecidas, porém, acredita-se que haja uma hipertrofia das glândulas submucosas com inflamação crônica, fibrose e consequente estenose esofágica, causando disfagia, que é a principal manifestação da PDIE.  O exame radiológico do esôfago com contraste baritado (Esofagograma) e a Endoscopia Digestiva Alta (EDA) são os principais métodos de diagnostico. Os dois casos relatados foram tratados com dilatação endoscópica. Exemplificando a segurança e efetividade de tal opção terapêutica para o tratamento da disfagia nestes indivíduos.
Poliposis linfomatosa: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Bejarano Rengifo Janeth , Rincon Sanchez Reinaldo
Published: March 2022

La poliposis linfomatosa (PL) es la característica endoscópica del linfoma de células del manto (LCM) gastrointestinal primario, un tipo infrecuente de linfoma no Hodgkin (LNH) de células B, así como un patrón endoscópico típico, pero infrecuente, del compromiso del tracto gastrointestinal (TGI) por LCM nodal. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 62 años con LCM nodal, con PL como manifestación del compromiso gastrointestinal, y realizamos una revisión de la literatura.
Análisis bibliométrico de la documentación científica existente, en la base de datos MEDLINE, sobre la Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) relacionada con los cuidados domiciliarios: los primeros 6 meses desde de la declaración de la pandemia
Authors: Sanz-Lorente María , Guardiola-Wanden-Berghe Rocío
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Analizar y caracterizar, mediante técnica bibliométrica, la documentación científica existente en la base de datos bibliográfica MEDLINE sobre la Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) relacionada con los cuidados domiciliarios.
Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Los datos se obtuvieron de la base de datos MEDLINE, a través de PubMed, interrogando los términos a estudio en los campos de descriptores, título y resumen; fecha final de búsqueda 31 enero de 2021.
Resultados: Evolución de la producción científica creciente (R2 = 0,8). El número de originales fue de 24 (20,5%), con Índice de Cooperación de 4,8 ± 0,3 autores/artículo. El idioma predominante fue el inglés con 103 (88,0%) referencias. El núcleo de Bradford lo constituyeron 9 (12,0%) revistas. La indización mayor sobre hospitalización a domicilio se constató en 28 (23,9%) de los documentos.
Conclusiones: La producción analizada presentaba un crecimiento lineal directo, siendo el artículo original la principal tipología documental que principalmente estuvo redactada en inglés y presentó filiación estadounidense. Se probó un buen índice de colaboración, si bien el tema de hospitalización domiciliaria no estuvo mayoritariamente representado.
Tendencias temporales de los patrones de búsqueda sobre Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio antes y después del COVID-19
Authors: Palomo Llinares Ruben , Sanchez-Tormo Julia , Palomo-Llinares Benjamín
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Analizar las tendencias temporales de los patrones de búsqueda de información, sobre los Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio a través de Google Trends antes y después de la aparición del COVID-19.
Método: Estudio ecológico y correlacional. Los datos se obtuvieron de la consulta directa en la herramienta «Google Trends». Término de búsqueda: “Servicio de asistencia sanitaria domiciliaria”. Fecha de consulta 01-09-2021.
Resultados: El máximo de búsquedas se alcanzó en enero de 2020, coincidiendo con el inicio de la pandemia del COVID-19. Durante el período pre-COVID se observó una estacionalidad en el interés de la población (ADF: - 0.49; *p > 0.05) que desapareció con la irrupción del COVID-19 (ADF: -8.55; p < 0.05). La comparación de las medianas mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas antes y después del COVID (KW: 31.15; *** p-valor < 0.001).
Conclusiones: Se ha demostrado que la aparición del COVID-19 ha supuesto un hito significativo respecto al interés de la población general sobre los Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio.
Landscape component of permaculture as a way to create video-ecological socially-oriented architecture (on the example of Chernivtsi region, Ukraine)
Authors: Tovbych Valerii , Herych Kateryna , Vatamaniuk Nataliia
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes and investigates the economic problems of urban and rural populations, ecological and emotional-psychological effects on people of urbanized visually "polluted" environment; considers the terms "permaculture" and "video-ecology"; different types of natural landscapes. Methods of greening the urban environment using the principles of permaculture and the possibility of their application in creating a comfortable architectural environment are studied. The aim of the study is to analyze the landscape component of permaculture as a way to create video-ecological architecture (on the example of Chernivtsi region). The basis of the philosophy of permaculture is a competent functional design of interconnected components from which a system is built, namely, in our case – a socially-oriented architecture, which involves the design of an architectural environment focused on addressing the social needs of society. Describes ways to create a video-ecological innovation center of employment with public spaces with the study and consideration of the permaculture method of areas for landscaping, as well as designing a complex and creating public spaces according to different types of landscape areas of Chernivtsi region in Ukraine.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Hayakawa Kazunobu , Lee Hyun-Hoon , Park Cyn-Young
Published: March 2022

This study empirically examines how the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted foreign direct investment (FDI). The authors find heterogeneous effects of COVID-19 on FDI by sector and entry mode. The severity of COVID-19 in host countries negatively affected both greenfield FDI and cross-border mergers and acquisitions in the manufacturing sector. But the situation of home countries did not seem to matter. Greenfield FDI in the service sector was affected by the situation in both host and home countries.
Synthesis of some benzylidene thiosemicarbazide derivatives and evaluation of their cytotoxicity on U87, MCF-7, A549, 3T3 and HUVEC cell lines
Authors: Eslaminejad Touba , Pourshojaei Yaghoub , Naghizadeh Mahmood , Eslami Hoda , Daneshpajouh Mohammad , Hassanzadeh Abdolreza
Published: March 2022

Iron homeostasis is altered in tumours in response to a perturbation in the expression of iron-dependent proteins. Therefore, iron chelators make cancerous cells more vulnerable to iron deficiency. Compounds having thiosemicarbazide scaffold with the ability to metal complex formation have the potential to act as anticancer. A series of thiosemicarbazide derivatives were designed, synthesized successfully and their cytotoxicity was then tested on some cancerous as well as laboratory normal model systems by using colorimetric assay based on WST-1 reagent. According to the cytotoxicity results, some compounds showed high toxicity effect on both the cancerous and healthy cell lines. The results of toxicity assays on U87 and A549 cell lines showed the survivability less than 50 % at all concentrations higher than 10 ppm for all the synthesized compounds. The MCF-7 cell line exhibited approximately the same behaviour and had survivability less than 60 %. The 3T3 in compared with HUVEC cell line showed a completely different behaviour against the synthesized compounds and had survivability more than 50 %. The selectivity index was also measured and based on the study results it could be concluded that the cytotoxicity profile of the synthesized compounds on 3T3 cell line shows a significant difference, indicating a good anticancer effect of these compounds.
The Role of Gender in the Aggressive Questioning of CEOs During Earnings Conference Calls
Authors: Comprix Joseph , Lopatta Kerstin , Tideman Sebastian A.
Published: March 2022

We investigate the role of gender on the aggressiveness of sell-side analysts' questions during earnings conference calls. Our tests reveal that the verbal aggressiveness of analysts' questions is significantly associated with both the gender of the analyst asking the question and the gender of the CEO fielding the question. First, we find that male analysts are more verbally aggressive than female analysts. Specifically, male analysts' questions are more direct and more likely to be followed with further questions, to have a preface statement, and to be negative, all of which are consistent with verbal aggressiveness. Second, male analysts' questions to female CEOs are more aggressive than their questions to male CEOs. Gender-based verbal aggressiveness appears to be associated with analysts' career trajectories: female analysts who ask aggressive questions have a higher likelihood of becoming “star” analysts, whereas we fail to find such evidence for male analysts.

JEL Classifications: D83; J16; M14; M40; M41; Z13.
Association Between Specificity of Sulfonylureas to Cardiac Mitochondrial KATP Channels and the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wang Meng-Ting , Huang Ya-Ling , Lai Jyun-Heng , Lee Chien-Hsing , Wang Pin-Chun , Pan Hsueh-Yi , Lin ChenWei , Liou Jun-Ting , Hsu Yu-Juei
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have revealed an intraclass difference in major
adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among sulfonylureas. In vitro and ex vivo
studies reported several sulfonylureas to exhibit high affinity blockage of cardiac
mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate sensitive potassium (mitoKATP)
channels and could interfere with ischemic preconditioning, the most important mechanism
of self-cardiac protection. However, no studies have examined whether this varying
binding affinities of sulfonylureas could account for their intraclass
difference in MACE. We compared MitoKATP channel-high affinity versus low
affinity sulfonylureas regarding the MACE risk in real-world settings.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using the
Taiwan nationwide healthcare claims database, patients with type 2 diabetes
initiating sulfonylurea monotherapy between 2007 and 2016 were included in the cohort
study. 33,727 new mitoKATP channel-high affinity (glyburide
and glipizide) and low affinity (gliclazide and glimepiride) sulfonylurea
users, respectively, were identified after 1:1 propensity score matching. Cox
proportional hazard models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratio (aHRs) and 95%
confidence interval (CI).

RESULTS: MitoKATP
channel-high affinity sulfonylureas were associated with a significantly increased
risk of three-point MACEs (aHR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.03–1.44]), ischemic stroke (aHR, 1.23
[95% CI, 1.02-1.50]), and cardiovascular death (aHR, 2.61 [95%
CI, 1.31–5.20]) but not with that of MI (aHR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.75-1.46]).
The duration-response analyses revealed
the highest MACE risk to be within 90 days of therapy (aHR, 4.67 [95% CI, 3.61-6.06]).

CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac mitoKATP channel-high affinity sulfonylureas
were associated with an increased MACE risk compared with low affinity sulfonylureas
in a nationwide population with diabetes.
Negative dynamics of the hepatic artery resistive index as a predictor of early arterial thrombosis after deceased donor liver transplantation
Authors: Shabunin A. V. , Drozdov P. A. , Levina O. N. , Makeev D. A. , Zhuravel O. S. , Astapovich E. Yu.
Published: March 2022

Aim. The study aim was to assess the negative dynamics of the hepatic artery resistive index as a reliable predictor of early thrombosis in liver transplant recipients from a postmortem donor, to determine risk factors and to identify a group of patients with an increased risk of this complication.Material and methods. From July 2018 to August 2021, 92 orthotopic liver transplants from a deceased donor were performed at the Surgical Clinic of the City Clinical Hospital n.a. S.P. Botkin. All liver grafts were taken from donors with brain death. Control Doppler ultrasound examination of hepatic blood flow in all patients was performed on days 1, 3, 5, 7, if necessary, daily. The hepatic arteries resistive index was considered normal at values from 0.55-0.79, high at 0.8-0.89, extremely high above 0.9. Depending on the resistive index value on the 1st postoperative day and its further dynamics, we divided the patients into 3 groups. In each group, we analyzed the incidence of hepatic artery thrombosis and assessed the impact of various risk factors on the resistive index elevation on the 1st day after surgery and on its growth during dynamic observation in the early postoperative period.Results. Of 92 liver transplants, in three cases, we recorded hepatic artery thrombosis (3.2%), which was not associated with technical difficulties of arterial reconstruction. No mortality was recorded in all three cases. In patients with a normal or high resistive index on the 1st day, without its increase during dynamic observation, the incidence of arterial thrombosis was 0%. In patients with a normal or high resistive index on the 1st day, and its increase during dynamic observation, as well as in patients with an extremely high resistive index on the 1st day, the incidence of arterial thrombosis was 18.1% and 11.1%, respectively. The risk factors of thrombosis were the age of the recipient over 50 years old in an extremely high resistive index on the 1st postoperative day (p=0.024), and the age of the donor over 50 years old in the growth of the resistive index during follow-up (p=0.04).Conclusion. The lack of positive dynamics in the hepatic artery resistive index reduction may be an additional predictor of arterial thrombosis after liver transplantation. This fact makes it possible to identify a high-risk group of arterial thrombosis, to take additional preventive measures in these patients and to improve the immediate results of treatment in this group of patients.
Method of reconstructive surgery for damaged extrahepatic bile ducts: immediate and long-term results
Authors: Sidorenko A. B. , Zakharov Y. I. , Moysyuk Ya. G.
Published: March 2022

Background. Reconstructive surgery for iatrogenic injuries of the bile ducts involves the formation of a biliodigestive anastomosis. The development of anastomotic stricture is the most severe complication of this operation.Aim of the study. To evaluate the immediate and long-term results of treatment and follow-up of patients with iatrogenic injuries of the bile ducts who underwent reconstructive surgery on the bile ducts with additional creation of gastroenteroanastomosis.Material and methods. The study included 26 patients operated on according to the original method in the period 2010-2018.Results. In the study group, complications in the early postoperative period developed in 3 (11.5%) patients. Endoscopic interventions using the formed gastroenteroanastomosis in the long-term period were performed in 7 patients. The results of treatment were followed in 25 (96%) patients. The median follow-up period was 90 months [81.5;110] (42-129). Conclusion. The use of the proposed original technique of reconstructive surgery has demonstrated its effectiveness and safety, with the possibility of dynamic endoscopic control and, if necessary, the treatment of postoperative complications such as cholelithiasis and biliodigestive anastomosis strictures.
PHENOMENON OF DEMIKHOV. At N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute (1960–1986). Grishka the dog lived with a second, additional heart and transplanted lung without immunosuppression for 142 days (1962)
Authors: Glyantsev S. P. , Maksimov E. S. , Gordeeva M. V.
Published: March 2022

On June 20, 1962, at the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine in Moscow, V.P. Demikhov, a biologist, physiologist, and experimental surgeon transplanted a second, additional heart together with the lung through the left thoracotomy access in the fourth intercostal space into the place of the removed two upper lobes of the left lung into the chest to the dog named Grishka. The second heart was implanted in such a way that arterial blood circulated in it and in the transplanted lung. The donor and recipient were selected according to the blood group match. The immediate postoperative period was uneventful. On day 4, the dog became active. On day 12, the sutures were removed from the skin wound. On day 15, antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin) were discontinued. During the daily examination, general condition and physical activity were noted, rectal temperature, respiratory rate and contractions of one's own and transplanted heart were measured; electrocardiograms were taken from both hearts. On day 13, Grishka gnawed through the electrode, which helped taking the electrocardiograms from the transplanted heart during the first 2 weeks. As a result, in place of the electrode remaining in the chest, the animal developed a fistula with purulent discharge. For this reason, as well as for coughing and wheezing in the lungs on the left, Grishka was periodically administered antibiotics. After the operation and before the withdrawal from the experiment, the dog was injected with heparin. No other pharmaceuticals were given. The dog led an active lifestyle, ate well, and displayed interest in female dogs. The second heart ceased beating 142 days after the operation, on November 8, 1962. Resuscitation measures were unsuccessful. At autopsy, in the right atrial auricle of the transplanted heart, diffuse transmural hemorrhage and a thrombus from the endocardium were revealed, which blocked the blood flow to the heart. The lower lobe of Grishka's lung was in a state of hepatization. Signs of edema and inflammation were observed in the transplanted lung. There were no blood clots at the sites of vascular anastomoses. There were no visual signs of rejection. The results of histological studies are not known. This article for the first time introduced into scientific circulation an operation protocol, a diary of postoperative management and an autopsy protocol for an animal that had lived with a second, additional heart and a transplanted lung without immunosuppression for 142 days, which has been a unique observation in world transplantology. Despite the long-term survival of the animal, nursing the recipient dog in the postoperative period did not meet the complexity of the operation performed, which allows us to conclude that it was impossible at that time to implement the results obtained in the experiment into clinical heart transplantation in humans.
Hyperparathyroidism and Associated Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Memon Shoukat , Alam Ashar , Saeed Faiza , Chughtai Javeria , Imtiaz Salman , Ahmed Shahzad , Tariq Sobia
Published: March 2022

Background: The normal axis of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) come under stress when chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses beyond stage 3(GFR<30 ml/kg/1.732). This results in increased secretion of iPTH which is known as secondary hyperparathyroidism. This exacerbates further if simultaneous deficiency of nutritional vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) is also found. Secondary hyperparathyroidism results in vascular calcification and increases cardiac mortality. Early intervention in form of dietary modification (low phosphorus, low potassium), correcting vitamin D deficiency along with the addition of active vitamin D (calcitriol) would help in alleviating patients’ suffering and saving costs as well.

Material and method: This study was conducted from Jan 2017 to Jan 2018 at The Indus Hospital, Karachi with the age group ≥14 years of either gender who were suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients on dialysis, chronic liver disease, and vitamin D supplementation were excluded. Their history, demographic, BMI, Calcium, Phosphorus, Alkaline Phosphatase, 25-Hyydorxyvitamin D, albumin, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were all noted.

Results: 265 patients were enrolled for final analysis in this data with a male to female ratio of 1:1.03 (146/121). Hyperparathyroidism (iPTH> 68 pg/ml) was seen in 190 (71.2%) patients. Mean values of all quantitative variables were not statistically significant when compared hyper parathyroid with normal parathyroid. Hyperparathyroidism was found significant in late CKD in comparison to early CKD (P-value <.001), While vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with hyperparathyroidism in early CKD but not in late CKD.

Conclusion: Hyperparathyroidism is significantly present in CKD which is contributed by CKD progression and vitamin D deficiency.
The Theory of Natural-Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Panchariya Dev Arastu
Published: March 2022

In recent times, mankind is seeking for certain peculiar solutions to multiple facets containing an identically very fundamental philosophy i.e., certainly intend to have indeterminism as a primordial prerequisite; however, that indeterminism is itself like a void filled with determinism as analogous to the quantum computing as qubits and the corresponding complexity. In the meantime, there are algorithms and mathematical frameworks and those in general; yield the required distinctions in the underlying theories constructed upon principles which then give rise to respective objectifications. But, when it comes to the Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, then there find some mathematical gaps in order to connect other regimes in relation of one and the other. The proposed discovery in this paper is about quilting some of those gaps as like the whole structure of Artificial Intelligence is yet to be developed in the realm concerning with responsive analysis in betwixt to humans and machines or beyond to such analogy. Hence, the entire introduction & incitement of this theory is to mathematically determine the deep rationality as responsive manifestation of human brain with a designed computing and both with the highest potential degree of attributions or overlaps and both the conditions will be shown mathematically herewith as identifications that make each other separate and clear to persuade.
Effectiveness Of Rapid Palatal Expansion (RPE) In Class II Maloclusion and The Relationship With Muscle Contraction In Childhood Growth: Systematic Review
Authors: Achmad Harun , Ardiansya Reza
Published: March 2022

Background: In general, patients with Class II malocclusion are often associated with a narrow transverse dimension. The shape of the narrowed jaw space can cause various problems such as crowding, jaw mismatch, protrusion of incisors. Given this, the use of Rapid Maxillary Expansion or Rapid Palatal Expansion is a treatment option that has been the choice for decades.

Objective: To systematically review the benefits of using RPE in the improvement of malocclusion in child development. This device is used to correct maxillary constriction and posterior crossbite. Methods: From four database sources PubMed, GoogleScholar, Wiley and Cochrane from 2016 to 2021. Thedatabase search process used the keywords "Rapid Palatal Expansion" "Rapid Maxillary Expansion" "Class II", from full journals published in less than 5years.

Results: After eliminating duplicated articles, the abstract title of each article was analyzed from 136 articles which were excluded a total of 123 articles. Thetext of the article is complete and meets the eligibility as many as 13 articles.

Conclusion: Rapid Palatal Expansion is effective in correcting class II malocclusion in child development.
Effects of Bionator Devices on Orofacial Muscle Strength in the Treatment of Class II Malocclusion in Developmental Phase: Systematic Review
Authors: Achmad Harun , Sesioria Arrang
Published: March 2022

Background: Class II malocclusion is a common condition. The most common clinical presentation is a mandibular deficiency. Treatment with functional devices is an option that can be used for the treatment of malocclusion. In an era of evolving treatments, Bionator is still widely used in clinical practice.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the effectiveness of the treatment of class II malocclusion with the Bionator device in the growth and development phase. Methods: Data collection was carried out by searching literature on article search sites, namely Pubmed, Cochrane, Wiley, Google Scholar and Science Direct which were published from 2011 to 2021. The search was carried out from March to April 2021. Data search was carried out systematically using the bionator keyword. malocclusion class II, orofacial muscles, growth and development.

Results: After eliminating published articles, the title and abstract of each article in the analysis amounted to 132 articles, 106 articles were excluded. The full text articles from the exclusion results were re-analyzed and 16 articles were excluded. The text of the article is complete and meets the eligibility of as many as 10 articles.

Conclusion: From all the studies reviewed, the Bionator device can improve class II malocclusion in children.