bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infectious Diseases of North American Black Bears (Ursus americanus): Viral and Bacterial Pathogens (Part One)
Authors: Mitchell Mark , Zimmerman Dawn
Published: February 2022

Black bears (Ursus americanus) serve as an important keystone species within an ecosystem, and can also serve as sentinels for environmental health. Wildlife rehabilitators, biologists, and veterinarians working with these animals should familiarize themselves with infectious diseases commonly associated with these ursids. The purpose of this article is to provide a literature review of the common viral and bacterial pathogens associated with black bears.
How Lucky Can You Get?
Authors: Miller Erica
Published: February 2022

(From the Introduction) When it comes to careers, I figure I’m one of the luckiest people around. September 2004 marks my 15th year of being a full-time wildlife rehabilitator. I consider myself lucky in my career for four reasons. First, I get paid to rehabilitate wildlife! I not only have a job, but I have a job that I feel good about— not many people can say that these days. The second reason I am lucky is that I have had, and continue to have, opportunities to work with some excellent rehabilitators and generally good people. Some of them are veterinarians, some of them are career wildlife rehabilitators, and many of them are volunteers; all of them are doing great things to help wildlife.
Physical Examination of a Raptor
Authors: Engelmann Mathias
Published: February 2022

This paper outlines the physical examination procedure for an injured bird of prey. It is designed for wildlife rehabilitators and includes some basic anatomy, handling tips, common injuries, and record keeping. It is not designed to be a complete anatomical guide, teach all methods of handling, or give treatment guidelines.
Importance of Enrichment in Wildlife Rehabilitation (Part Two)
Authors: Gulas–Wroblewski Bonnie
Published: February 2022

Environmental and behavioral enrichment has been assembled into five major categories: physical, nutritional, social, occupational, and sensory enrichment. Many of the enrichment strategies targeted at motivating species–specific behaviors and eliminating abnormal behaviors span multiple subsets of this system. For this reason, it is important to assess each category of enrichment when devising an enrichment device to accomplish the desired goal.
Headstarting Turtles—More Food for Thought
Authors: Forrester Harriet
Published: February 2022

A recently published article, Headstarting Turtles—Another Perspective (Bogard 2007) presented a different viewpoint and referred to three turtle recovery projects, and made other points, as support for headstarting. The information presented here gives more food for thought on the subject.
Emaciation as a Manifestation of Acanthocephaliasis in the Common Eider (Somateria mollissima)
Authors: Stegeman Nadia , Christiansen Emily , Pokras Mark
Published: February 2022

An annual die–off of juvenile common eiders (Somateria mollissima) occurs during late winter/early spring in coastal New England. Abnormally high mortality events, including significant numbers of adult birds, have occurred concurrently with die–offs of eiders’ primary food source, blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). In these situations, eiders are forced to switch to less preferred prey such as shore crabs (Carcinus and Hemigrapsus spp.). This species of shore crabs are a known intermediate host for acanthocephalan parasites (thorny–headed worms). Severe emaciation following infection with the acanthocephalan (Polymorphus botulus) is the common finding of an elevated mortality event in spring of 2006. This paper describes clinical presentations of eiders found during annual die–off periods and discusses possible treatment approaches identified in literature.
Rabbits Die of Cat Bites, So Why the Fuss?
Authors: Casey Shirley
Published: February 2022

It is common for small birds and mammals injured by cats to be presented to rehabilitators. Many of these injured animals die as a result of the cat bites, either because of the severe punctures and lacerations, or because of infection transmitted by bacteria from the cat’s mouth. This case highlights the importance of a rehabilitator paying close attention and acting on what may seem like an a familiar case of a rabbit dying from a cat bite, when actually a zoonotic disease caused the death. The article closes with reminders for rehabilitators such as collecting the rescuer’s contact information, using safe handling protocols, and not assuming an obvious problem described by the rescuer is the primary consideration.
Surgical Enucleation of the Right Eye Following Traumatic Injury in an Eastern Screech–owl (Megascops asio)
Authors: DeVilbiss Bethany
Published: February 2022

Surgical enucleation using a transaural approach was successfully performed following traumatic globe injury in an Eastern screech–owl (Megascops asio). Initial stabilization of this patient consisted of intraosseous administration of crystalloids and hypertonic saline, anti–inflammatory drugs, and broad–spectrum antibiotics. At surgery, general anesthesia was achieved using butorphanol as a premedicant and isofluorane in oxygen as an induction and maintenance anesthetic agent. Postoperative care included meloxicam for 7 days, trimethoprim/sulfadiazine for 14 days, and topical wound management. The surgical site healed in an uncomplicated manner. The bird was successfully flight tested and eventually released back into its natural habitat. Considerations for release and permanent captive placement in raptors with unilateral vision impediments are discussed.
Euthanasia: Damaged Wildlife and the Role and Duties of a Wildlife Rehabilitator
Authors: Parker Kip
Published: February 2022

Wildlife rehabilitators still sometimes struggle to articulate and create policies around their role and responsibilities within the profession, especially where euthanasia and the humane end to suffering is concerned. This article provides additional discussion for the ongoing dialogue on the role of euthanasia in wildlife rehabilitation and how rehabilitators should strive to meet these responsibilities, based on the principles of best science and best available care.
Songbird 101
Authors: Partington LouAnn
Published: February 2022

This paper provides tips on various aspects of organizing a songbird rehabilitation program. Whether one works in a large center with several volunteers or is a home–based rehabilitator, developing procedures, protocols, and policies helps one manage each day more productively and provides continuity of care for each songbird patient. This paper discusses policies to have in place, reference material to have on hand, physical preparation of the songbird rehabilitation area, managing daily care tasks efficiently while working with volunteers, as well as medical management, record keeping, and herd health issues.
Patagium Rehabilitation Treatment in Wild Birds Following Long–term Wing Immobilization
Authors: Jato-Schez O’Shane Susana , Otero Ignacio , Lopez I. , Mendoza J. L.
Published: February 2022

Patagium retraction is one of the most common problems after long–term periods of immobilization due to bandaging for injury treatment or loss of motion related to chronic pathology. Physiotherapy technics in protocolized treatments involve thermotherapy, laser, ultrasound, Z–massage, manual therapy, stretching, and kinesiotherapy. These treatments, followed by strength and endurance enhancement, allow improvement of full range of motion, propioceptive training, neuromuscular awareness, and avoid the development of fibrotic tissue, calcifications, and tie downs. The success of the evolution process was tested with goniometry, centimetric measurements, percentage score assessment, and imaging tools. This study was developed on a basis of 200 wild birds under treatment at the GREFA Wildlife Hospital of Madrid, Spain.
Formula for Nestling Songbirds (FoNS©): Options for 2012
Authors: Winn Diane
Published: February 2022

Update on Formula for Nestling Songbirds (FoNS©) diet for 2012.
Wildlife Values Dilemmas: Where Do You Stand?
Authors: Knapp Clifford
Published: February 2022

This manuscript consists of a brief introduction to values education, including the definitions of key terms, the purpose of the symposium presentation, and guidelines for maximizing the benefits of the session. The body of the paper consists of selected valuing strategies designed to promote awareness and discussion of various wildlife dilemmas. Some of these dilemmas were presented during a general session of the National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association symposium at the Marriott Hotel in Schaumburg, IL on 20 February 1991. Examples of several general types of values strategies are values voting, rank order, trio/quartet sharing, values continuum, and other questioning approaches to wildlife values dilemmas.
Alternative Gavage Diet for Piscivores
Authors: Herman Stephanie
Published: February 2022

In 2010, PAWS Wildlife Center received a grant through the National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA) to run a trial using an alternative gavage diet for piscivorous birds. Previous recipes primarily involved ground whole fish, which presents several problems including complicated preparation and an unreliable diet composition. PAWS’ new recipe, based on a fish–sourced canned pet diet, has shown to be a consistent, cost– and labor–effective alternative to ground fish diets. This paper discusses the unique dietary requirements of piscivorous birds, the composition and use of the new diet, and the data collected during the trial period.
Ethics in Wildlife Rehabilitation
Authors: Miller Erica
Published: February 2022

None provided.
Problems in Digital Learning for Higher Education Teachers
Authors: Filipova Milena , Yuleva-Chuchulayna Radostina
Published: February 2022

The changes generated by the current epidemic situation related to COVID-19 are significant in higher education. These changes affected the processes and methods of teaching, as well as affected the communication between teachers and students. As a result of the pandemic, universities ceased the attendance form of teaching and went entirely online through digital communication platforms. The teachers had to start their teaching activity with the students through new platforms, social networks, e-mails, etc., which caused some problems. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the problems of online learning among teachers in higher education. The main research methods are the method of analysis and synthesis, questionnaire, intuitive and systematic approach. The main research results are shown as clearly formulated problems, faced by teachers from higher education institutions in Bulgaria, during the transition to distance learning. The identified problems are grouped into three main groups – pedagogical, organizational and technological.
The Current State, Problems and Prospects of Master’s Degree Programs in Speech-Language Pathology in Russia
Authors: Almazova Anna , Filatova Yulia , Novitskaia Irina
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the current state, problems and prospects of Master’s degree programs in speech-language pathology in Russia. Authors carry out a theoretical overview and comparative analysis of the literature on Master training programs of logopedics or speech-language therapists and define two large groups of programs available in Russian universities, depending on their orientation towards training a speech-language therapist graduate. Particular attention is given to the problems stated in the names of the training programs and how this reflects various aspects that determine the functioning of the speech-language pathology system in the Russian Federation. The article also provides a brief historical background on the training of speech-language therapists and gives an outline of the current state and prospects of Master training in speech-language pathology at the Moscow Pedagogical State University.
Digital Teacher – Student Interaction in Online Training at Medical Universities
Authors: Tarnovska Miglena , Stoyanova Rumyana , Parashkevova Boryana , Marinova Juliana
Published: February 2022

Medical education marks a considerable stage in its development, significantly affected by the global Covid-19 pandemic. The introduction of e-learning added new dimensions to the traditional educational process. The aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of digital teacher-student interaction during e-learning. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 249 university lecturers from two medical universities. The obtained results outlined the shortcomings of online learning, such as the weakening of the teacher-student relationship, the presence of passive participation and weaker responsibility on the part of students in the conducted classes. Positive attitude towards e-learning was shared mainly by lecturers holding higher academic positions, such as 'associate professor' and 'professor', as well as those working in the theoretical educational units, compared to the pre-clinical and clinical departments. Effective interaction between teachers and students is an essential aspect of the quality of the educational process and remains a topical issue in the context of continuing distance learning in medical universities
Economía Digital y Tributación
Authors: Alarcón Agreda Marilyn , Mena Dávila John Hitler , Cieza Pérez Adán Pablo
Published: February 2022

En el actual contexto macroeconómico, desde una óptica tributaria, una de las cuestiones más importantes en la fiscalidad nacional e internacional es la erosión de bases imponibles y el traslado de beneficios que se le atribuye a las empresas transnacionales. Así mismo, los retos y desafíos de la economía digital.
Incidencia del leasing operativo en los estados financieros de las empresas
Authors: Inocente Jacobe Fernando Grimaldo , Sandoval Ypanaque Milagros , Hernández Celis Domingo
Published: February 2022

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar en qué medida el leasing operativo incide en el estado de resultados y situación financiera de la compañía minera Mega Exportadora del Perú S.A.C, 2019. La metodología fue de diseño no experimental, de tipo básica con un nivel descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. La muestra del estudio estuvo conformada por 35 colaboradores de la compañía minera Mega Exportadora del Perú S.A.C en el distrito de Magdalena del Mar 2019. Se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y su instrumento el cuestionario. Se determinó que la herramienta leasing operativo permite el ahorro fiscal y mejora las utilidades de la compañía minera Mega Exportadora del Perú S.A.C en los periodos de estudio. Se concluyó que el leasing operativo incide en el estado de resultados y situación financiera de la compañía minera Mega Exportadora del Perú S.A.C, 2019.
Síndrome pseudobulbar en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular en Argentina
Authors: Alet Matías , Segamarchi Constanza , Claverie Santiago , González Leonardo , Lepera Sandra , Rey Raúl
Published: February 2022

Introducción y objetivo: El síndrome pseudobulbar se define por episodios involuntarios o exagerados de risa o llanto, posteriores a una enfermedad específica. El síndrome pseudobulbar después del accidente cerebrovascular se reporta entre el 11%-34% de los pacientes. En nuestra población está subdiagnosticado. Determinamos su frecuencia en un grupo de pacientes post-ACV. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo desde junio/2017 a junio/2018. Se evaluaron dos poblaciones: ACV crónico (Grupo A) y ACV agudo (Grupo B). Se excluyeron pacientes con enfermedad psiquiátrica grave, deterioro cognitivo y/o afasia. Se realizaron las escalas PLACS (“pathological laughing and crying scale”) y CNS-LS (“Center for Neurologic Study-Lability Scale”). El síndromepseudobulbar se definió por criterios diagnósticos más ambas escalas positivas. Resultados: Cincuenta pacientes fueron evaluados. El 68% eran hombres. Edad media: 65±12 años. Grupo A: 19 casos y grupo B: 31 casos. PLACS positiva: 21% grupo A y 29% grupo B. CNS-LS positiva: 58% grupo A y 26% grupo B. Ambas escalas positivas en 8 pacientes (2 en crónico y 6 en agudo). Tres de ellos tenían depresión asociada. Conclusiones: El síndrome pseudobulbar debe examinarse cuidadosamente luego del ACV. La depresión post-ACV debe diferenciarse de la labilidad emocional por síndrome pseudobulbar. La administración de una sola escala no seríasuficiente para la orientación diagnóstica.
Duración de las internaciones psiquiátricas: una caracterización clínica y socio-demográfica
Authors: Chebar Damián , Alba Patricio , Alarcón Héctor , Fassi Guillermo , Losanovsky Perel Valeria , Mazaira Silvina , Martino Diego J.
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Este trabajo busca determinar las variables clínicas, socio-demográficas, y terapéuticas asociadas a la duración de la internación en un Hospital de Emergencias Psiquiátricas de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Argentina. Método: El presente es un estudio analítico, de tipo transversal, en el que se incluyeron consecutivamente 350 pacientes de entre 18 y 65 años, internadas desde junio de 2013 hasta diciembre de 2017 en la sala de internación de mujeres del Hospital de Emergencias Psiquiátricas “T. de Alvear”. Al momento del alta se recabaron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y sobre las condiciones de externación de todas las pacientes. Resultados: Las variables que predijeron  a duración de la internación fueron: diagnóstico de psicosis, la utilización de litio y anticonvulsivantes, estar desocupada, menor autonomía económica, no haber constituido una familia y haber modificado el núcleo conviviente durante la internación. Conclusión: Las variables representativas de vulnerabilidad social y económica se asociaron con la utilización de camas de internación psiquiátrica. Son necesarias políticas públicas que permitan interrumpir la relación entre pobreza y patología mental.
Samuel Gache y su tesis sobre la psicopatología
Authors: Stagnaro Juan Carlos
Published: February 2022

Incluye: Estudio de psicopatología.  Samuel Gache, Tesis 1886, págs. 456-478. (Tesis presentada ante la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, Imprenta Biedma, Buenos Aires, 1886 (se ha actualizado la ortografía del texto para mejor lectura.)
Construyendo los caminos del GIA. Un recorrido interdisciplinario por los Grupos Institucionales de Alcoholismo
Authors: Kordon Diana
Published: February 2022

Reseña bibliográfica del libro: Construyendo los caminos del GIA. Un recorrido interdisciplinario por los Grupos Institucionales de Alcoholismo de Jorge Luis Pellegrini, Alejandro De Lisio, Isabel del Carmen Ortiz, Claudia Inés Villafañe (Compil.) Carbono, 2019.
Spectroscopic and Computational Study of the Ugi Cinnamic Adduct NGI25
Authors: T Mavromoustakos
Published: February 2022

The structure assignment and conformational analysis of cinnamic derivative N-benzyl-N-(2-(cyclohexylamino)-2-oxoethyl) cinnamamide (NGI25) was carried out through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Quantum Mechanics (QM), i.e., semiempirical and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Specifically, homonuclear (2D-COSY, 2D-NOESY) and heteronuclear (2D-HSQC, 2D-HMBC) spectra were obtained. Through them, the resonant values of the hydrogens and their constituent carbons were identified. After structure identification, NGI25 was subjected to computational calculations to reveal its most favorable conformations. QM, MD were in agreement with the spatial correlations that were observed in 2D-NOESY spectra.
Penerjemahan sebagai jembatan antar budaya
Authors: Siregar Roswani , Safriandi Ferry , Ramadhan Andri , Kalsum Eka Umi , Siregar Masdania Zurairah
Published: February 2022

Secara historis penerjemahan telah berperan penting dalam penyebaran pengetahuan, budaya, seni, dan ilmu pengetahuan yang melewati batas-batas nasional dan budaya. Artikel ini merupakan sekilas pandang tentang tentang posisi penerjemahan dalam fenomena globalisasi yang juga tidak luput dari kemajuan teknologi dan mobilitas manusia yang membutuhkan penghubung antar-bahasa dan budaya. Penerjemahan tidak lepas dari bahasa dan budaya karena mengandung aktivitas linguistik dan kandungan budaya tertentu. Bahasa dan budaya tidak terpisahkan karena memengaruhi proses berpikir dan menciptakan sistem nilai di dalamnya. Pada era globalisasi penerjemahan makin memengaruhi kehidupan setiap orang, termasuk profesi penerjemah dan kehidupan penerjemah. Penerjemahan membantu pengenalan berbagi gagasan, pemikiran dan budaya dari satu bahasa ke bahasa lain. Dengan perkembangan teknologi dan kemunculan berbagai cara dan konsep baru, penerjemah harus mengintegrasikan hal-hal tersebut dalam praktik sehari-hari mereka. Pada tingkat budaya, penerjemahan dapat menjembatani kesenjangan antara masyarakat dan bangsa. Penerjemahan terus berkontribusi dalam memperkenalkan berbagai bahasa dan budaya yang bermuara akhir pada globalisasi.
Pendampingan guru-guru SMP PTPN IV Dolok ilir dalam kemampuan manajerial dan pengelolaan keuangan
Authors: Liniarti Sri , Nasution Rizky Surya Andhayani
Published: February 2022

Pengabdian Kemitraan Masyarakat ini merupakan konsep aplikasi kuliah Akuntansi Keuangan dalam Program Studi Akuntansi Keuangan di Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Al Azhar berdasarkan Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, diharapkan Program Studi Akuntansi mengetahui pentingnya manajerial dan pengelolaan keuangan dalam meningkatkan mutu pelaporan keuangan di SMP PTPN IV Dolok Ilir . Metode yang akan digunakan adalah metode pembelajaran eksperimental dan konsep studi kepustakaan tentang memanage dan menyusun Laporan Keuangan. Penyampaian berupa ceramah, diskusi kelompok sehingga orang dapat berpartisipasi aktif dalam kegiatan ini. Dalam pelatihan disajikan materi: Konsep manajerial dan penyusunan laporan keuangan. Setelah kegiatan dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa peserta cukup responsif dan antusias dalam mengikuti materi pelatihan, sebagaimana dibuktikan oleh banyaknya pertanyaan yang diajukan oleh para peserta dan ada rencana pemanggilan ulang terkait penyampaian materi berikutnya yang dibuat setelah menyelesaikan penyampaian di SMPT PTPN IV Dolok Ilir.
Penyuluhan dan pelatihan budidaya ubi kayu di Desa Bah Damar Kecamatan Dolok Marawan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai
Authors: Hasrizart Iwan , Nasution Asmara Sari
Published: February 2022

Masyarakat Desa Bah Damar Kecamatan Dolok Marawan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai, mayoritas berprofesi sebagai petani tanaman pangan dan hortikultura, tanaman ubi kayu merupakan tanaman utama setelah tanaman jagung. Produksi tanaman ubi kayu di desa Bah Damar produktif tasnya masih sangat rendah sehingga sangat memungkin untuk ditingkatkan. Peningkatan hasil panen ubi kayu dapat dilakukan dengan memperbaiki teknik budidaya seperti menggunakan pemilihan bibit unggul dan pemupukan yang tepat. Dengan meningkatnya produktivitas tanaman ubi kayu, maka meningkat pula kesejahteraan masyarakat di desa Bah Damar. Tujuan dari pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberikan penyuluhan dan pelatihan kepada masyarakat tentang teknik budidaya tanaman ubi kayu yang baik dan benar dan selanjutnya dilakukan pelatihan teknik budidaya dan penggunaan pupuk yang benar. Setelah itu tetap dilakukan pembinaan dan pengawasan secara kontinu dari semua aktivitas budidaya tanaman ubi kayu. Hasil yang diperoleh masyarakat desa Bah Damar sudah mengetahui dan memahami tentang teknik budidaya ubi kayu dan mengerti betapa pentingnya pemupukan yang baik dan benar.
Sosialisasi manfaat IPTEK Nuklir di Desa Bah Damar Kecamatan Dolok Marawan Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai
Authors: Novalianda Sari , Ramadhan Andri , Sihombing Panangian Mahadi
Published: February 2022

Nuklir oleh sebagian orang masih di identikkan dengan bom, sesuatu hal yang bersifat negatif dan berbahaya.  Padahal teknologi nuklir memiliki banyak sisi positif dalam penggunaannya. Keberadaan IPTEK nuklir banyak memberikan manfaat besar, baik dibidang energi yang ramah lingkungan dengan tidak menghasilkan polusi udara dan efek rumah kaca, dibidang pertanian dapat menghasilkan jenis varietas unggul yaitu Sorgum, Beras dan Jagung, dibidang pengawetan makanan, nuklir dapat membuat makanan tersebut bertahan lama dan dibidang kesehatan energi nuklir dapat digunakan dalam pengobatan kanker. Metode yang diberikan dengan cara ceramah dan diskusi serta memberikan video penerapan IPTEK nuklir yang telah diproduksi secara nasional oleh badan riset BATAN. Dengan berbagai macam manfaat nuklir ini diharapkan masyarakat setempat dapat menerima keberadaan energi nuklir dan memanfaatkannya
Aplikasi VSM tools di aliran proses penerimaan CPO guna mereduksi waste PT. Permata Hijau Palm Oleo
Authors: Gunawan Indra
Published: February 2022

Alur atau aliran proses adalah urutan pekerjaan atau kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam produksi barang atau jasa. PT. Permata Hijau Palm Oleo adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang didedikasikan untuk produksi minyak sawit olahan yang, bersama dengan kemasannya, menghasilkan minyak nabati. Bahan baku yang diperoleh dari berbagai pemasok CPO (Crude Palm Oil) diproses di area inlet dengan tahapan aliran area inlet. Banyaknya aktivitas yang tidak memberikan nilai tambah (tanpa nilai tambah) pada aliran proses produksi merupakan pemborosan bagi perusahaan, baik aliran material maupun aliran informasi. Tujuan dari pemetaan ini adalah untuk mengambil langkah untuk menghilangkan pemborosan ini. Merancang alur proses dengan pendekatan lean memungkinkan perusahaan meminimalkan aktivitas yang tidak menambah nilai dan waktu yang diperlukan untuk menciptakan alur tersebut. Pendapatan CPO memendek Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadinya pengurangan waktu untuk kegiatan yang tidak menambah nilai dapat berkurang dari 56,86 menit menjadi 5,72 menit, sedangkan untuk kegiatan yang menambah nilai meningkat dari 22,08 menit menjadi 29,1 menit. Hal ini disebabkan pengurangan aktivitas non-nilai tambah dengan mengubah aliran pendapatan CPO.
Visual Fatigue pengguna Handphone pada anak-anak
Authors: Tri Hadiyatna Jaka , Siregar Zufri Hasrudy , Hasibuan Yetti Meuthia
Published: February 2022

Pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda Indonesia pada awal tahun 2020 mengubah tatanan belajar belajar dari rumah. Perubahan aktivitas ini dapat berdampak negatif pada keluhan fisik dan psikologis yang dapat terjadi akibat masalah perilaku saat melakukan konferensi Online. Hasil survei pada anak usia 12 sampai 14 tahun di Desa Siti Rejo 3 Medan. 99% siswa menggunakan smartphone di sekolah Online. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku siswa yang mengikuti sekolah Online, mengukur tingkat ketidaknyamanan otot fisik  (MSD dan kelelahan visual), serta kecanduan psikologis dan smartphone, dan memberikan rekomendasi tentang cara meminimalkan efek negatif. yang terjadi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara langsung dengan siswa SMA usia 12 sampai 14 tahun, sebanyak 52 siswa dengan tingkat respons 77,6%. SMD diukur menggunakan metode Nordic Body Map, sedangkan kelelahan visual dinilai menggunakan gejala dari penelitian sebelumnya. Skala kecanduan smartphone digunakan untuk menilai tren kecanduan. Hasil survei menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas gejala MSD terjadi di daerah leher bagian atas (82,14%), punggung (72,62%) dan pinggang (71,43%). Secara keseluruhan (86%) mengalami ketegangan mata Enam gejala ketegangan mata terjadi pada 16% responden. Responden yang mengalami lebih dari 1 gejala kelelahan visual sebanyak 73,88%. sebagian besar responden memiliki mata kabur (52%), sakit mata (38%) dan mata berair (25%) dan mayoritas responden memiliki 3 gejala ketidaknyamanan mata (38%).  Rekomendasi untuk mengurangi ketidaknyamanan fisik antara lain membantu lengan  saat menggunakan smartphone dan menerapkan aturan 20202020 serta metode stop-drop-flop. Masalah kesehatan jiwa dapat di minimalisir melalui kerja sama antara orang tua, siswa, dan guru untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang kondusif
Effect of bagasse flyash incorporated nursery media on seedling growth of Pungam (Pongamia pinnata Roxb.)
Authors: Murugesan S. , Avudainayagam S. , Masilamani Poomaruthai
Published: February 2022

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of bagasse flyash with different combinations of organic manures on soil properties and seedling growth of Pongamia pinnata. One week old seedlings were transplanted following nursery media viz., Red earth + Sand + Farmyard manure (FYM) (2:1:1 ratio) (T1), Red earth sand and flyash (2:1:1 ) (T2) , Red earth, vermicompost and Flyash (2:1:1 ) (T3), Red earth +Flyash + FYM (2:1:1 ratio) (T4), Red earth +Flyash + vermicompost (1:2:1 ratio) (T5) and Red earth +Flyash + vermicompost (2:2:1 ratio) (T6). Poly bags were filled with the respective media and placed under sunlight. Seedlings growth parameters viz., shoot length, root length, collar diameter, and total dry matter production were recorded at 60 days and 75 days after planting. Physico-chemical and biological soil parameters like organic carbon content, available macro-nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), DTPA extractable micro-nutrients (iron, manganese, copper and zinc) of each treatment were analyzed before planting and after harvesting the seedlings. Nutrient uptake (N,P,K and micronutrient /trace metals) by the seedlings at 75 days after planting was also analyzed. Results revealed that all the parameters at the end of experiment, the highest shoot length (31.23cm), root length (17.80 cm), collar diameter (7.60 mm) and total dry matter production (1.96 g) were observed for bagasse flyash (230 g) with vermicompost (230 g) amended with 460g soil. The same treatment resulted in maximum uptake N,P,K and micro-nutrients (iron, manganese, copper and zinc) at all growth stages. From this experiment, it could be concluded that among the different media evaluated for seedling growth of Pungam seedling, 460g soil + 230g bagasse flyash + 230g vermicompost were found to the best in terms of seedling growth and maximum uptake N, P, K and micro-nutrients.
The radiation error of Indian radiosondes
Authors: RAGHAVAN S. , RAMANATHAN Y.
Published: February 2022

Based on the routine radiosonde ascents at two Indian stations, a statistical estimate of the radiation error of the sondes at upper tropospheric levels is attempted.
Satellite-determined cloudiness in the tropics In relation to large scale flow patterns Pt. I: Studies of different phases of the Indian southwest monsoon
Authors: RAMASWAMY C.
Published: February 2022

The mean cloudiness in 21-degree grid squares over the area extending from 30°N to 20°S and from 55°E to 100°E were computed from daily satellite observations of clouds for specific periods associated with {a) late U K and normal onset of the monsoon, {b) break in "the monsoon and (c) early and normal retreat of the monsoon in the years 1965,1966 and 1967. The isopleths of mean cloudiness in these specific periods were studied particularly in relation point to the mean large scale flow patterns over Asia and the neighbouring countries at the 500 and 300-mb levels. The daily avail- 500,300 and 200-mb charts during the retreating phases of the monsoon were also examined. The regions of development of maxima and minima of cloudiness have been discussed with reference to the large scale flow patterns and the L 0 lacunae in our present knowledge of the mechanism of these developments pointed out. The low pressure waves which, moved from east to west across the extreme south of peninsular India during the break period in August 1965, have Delhi for also been discussed in detail with reference to the isopleths of cloudiness and anomalies of rainfall. The significance of the observed persistent heavy cloudiness from 5°N to 5°Sacross the equator and the extension of the heavy cloudiness B in further to the south in the southern hemisphere during the break in the monsoon have also been discussed.
A satellite automatic picture transmission (APT) ground receiving station
Authors: DATAR S. V. , JOSEPH C. P.
Published: February 2022

The paper describes a satellite automatic picture transmission (APT) ground receiving station, designed and developed at the Instruments Division, Meteorological, Office, Poona. The station has been in operation at Poona for over six months and has provided good quality Visible and infrared pictures from meteorological satellites ESSA.2, ESSA.8, Nlmbus.3 and ITOS.

The station uses a high gain right circularly polarized helical antenna, a highly sensitive and selective FM receiver and a Mufax facsimile recorder modified suitably to record the satellite cloud pictures. The paper highlights the design details of the antenna and the FM receiver and also described the necessary modifications to the 'Mufax' facsmile recorder for recording correct satellite pictures. Future development plans are also briefly discussed.
Seasonal changes in satellite observed cloudiness and radiometric measurements in the tropical belt of Africa and Asia
Authors: SIKKA D. R.
Published: February 2022

Monthly mean analysis of the TIROS,-VII 8-12 micron radiation data for the period 1963-1964, global satellite observed cloudiness for the year 1965 and 1966 and the global brightness charts for the year 1967published by different workers are studied -in detail for the monsoonal belt of Africa and Asia. The discussion highlights seasonal changes in the cloudiness with respect to atmospheric circulation features of the region grouped in to more or less different homogeneous belts. The study of the data over the Indian belt suggests a connection between the advance and retreat of the southwest monsoon cloudiness with changes of cloudiness over southwest Bay of Bengal, northeast India and Eastern China. Variations in the westward and eastward extent of the cloudiness over the equator in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean respectively are discussed.
Average relative humidity from satellite observations
Authors: GUPTA M. G. , PANT M. C.
Published: February 2022

This study describes an attempt to obtain a statistical relationship between the satellite viewed cloudiness and vertica11y integrated average relative humidity ill the lower troposphere over the Indian Seas. For this purpose, the values of average relative humidity for 1000-600 mb layer for the months of April, July and November 1966, were computed for the six radiosonde stations in the Peninsular India with coastal and island locations. Cloud coverage over the small area in the vicinity of these stations were obtained from the Nephanalyses published by U.S.W.B. in the satellite data catalogues and were classified In five categories. A linear relationship was found between the average relative humidity and cloud classification number with a correlation coefficient of 0'71.
Mean precipitable water vapour and rainfall liability index for the Indian area and neighbourhood
Authors: MOKASHI R. Y.
Published: February 2022

Mean monthly perceptible water vapour at 19 radiosonde stations in India, based on data for all years for which upper air ascents are available upto 1965 and 15 radiorisonde stations in the neighbouring countries have been calculated. The seasonal variations of precipitable water vapour and the mean monthly rainfall over the country are discussed. It is seen that the diversity in the magnitude of rainfall is not reflected by the values of the prccipitable water. There may be enough precipitable water at a place but dynamic factors like ascending currents etc may not be generally present to cause rain. As a rough indicator of the liability for rainfall at a place, the ratio of the mean monthly rainfall and the monthly mean precipitable water have been worked out for all the stations. Isopleths of this ratio-Rainfall Liability Index (RLI)-have been drawn for various months. It is felt that the maps of RLI over the country could be more meaningful and of greater practical utility for hydrological purposes than those of mean precipitable water alone.
Estimation of extreme rainfall over north India
Authors: DHAR O. N. , KAMTE P. P.
Published: February 2022

Hershfield (1961) using statistical techniques worked out PMP estimates for USA which have been found to be comparable with the results obtained by the conventional storm analysis methods. This technique has been utilised in this paper for the preparation of generalised charts of PMP for the plain areas of different States in north India. A table showing PMP values for individual station in the Himalayan region has also been prepared. In addition to the above, an attempt has also been made to draw an envelope frequency factor curve based upon the rainfall data of 760 long-period stations in north India. This curve has been compared with the similar curve prepared by Hershfield on the basis of world record rainfall data.
Variation of static stability measure in the atmosphere Over India
Authors: MUKERJI T. K. , SHAIKH Z. E.
Published: February 2022

. Static stability measure (a) plays an important role in the construction of dynamic models for numerical weather prediction. In the present study, monthly normal values of a have been computed or different levels of the atmosphere for 14 radiosonde stations In India. It has also been computed for a few depressions/storms and the values compared to the normal values. Vertical, horizontal and seasonal variations of a have also been  discussed.
Fourier expansion techniques in objective analysis
Authors: RAMANATHAN Y. , SIKKA D. R.
Published: February 2022

Cressman's objective analysis procedure has been interpreted in the light of generalised Fourier transforms and is shown as a practical method of local point Fourier analysis. A procedure to construct amplitudes of the field of analysis from the grid point pseudo observations and actual station locations is than discussed. The objective analysis field derived from these amplitudes compares favourably with the subjective analysis. Possible modifications are suggested for an attempt to decrease the strong bias of the pseudo observations over the actual station data in the analysis.
A standard mulri-pulse generator for calibration of radiosonde recorders
Authors: BHARGAVA B.
Published: February 2022

The paper describes an instrument designed to calibrate IMD A-type radiosonde recorders. A unique and extremely simple technique of adding pulses derived from binaries in cascade has been employed to provide spot check frequencies in the audio range.
Radio climatology of Gauhati
Authors: VENKATRAMAN SQN. LDR. C. N.
Published: February 2022

An attempt has been made to study the pattern of radio refractivity of air over Gauhati from the surface to the 700.mb level. It is noticed that the variations in the surface values of refractivity do not reflect and are not correlated with the changes in the, ertioal profile of refractivity. Fluctuations in refractivity are not always the highest at the surface, stoadily decreasing upwards. Ideas about models of refractivity derived from studies in the temperate countries need to be modified before they can find application in tropical countries like India. The occurrence of super-refraction and S11b.refraction in the layers near the ground over Gauhati has been studied and the frequency distributions of the values of vertical gradients of refractivity have been worked out.
Numerical simulation of the Indian summer monsoon
Authors: GODBOLE R.V.
Published: February 2022

A simplified model of zonally symmetric motion in the two-dimension has been formulated to simulate the monsoon circulation. The atmosphere from the surface upto the top has been divided into nine levels for which temperature, water vapour and velocity components are predicted. The final solution is obtained as the asymptotic steady state of an initial value problem solved by a marching process.

To start with, the atmosphere was assumed to be at rest. As time progressed, winds slowly developed. After 80 days, the simulated circulation was fully developed, as normally observed, with westerlies in the lower levels and easterlies aloft. The easterly jet had a core speed of 35 m/sec. The meridional circulation showed southerlies near the surface and northerlies at higher levels.

The circulation was found to become weak when the presence of the Himalayas was disregarded. The upper-level easterlies reached a maximum speed of hardly 8 m/sec. Neglect of moisture in the model did not affect the monsoon circulation, although its presence was essential for the occurrence of rainfall. On the whole, the results bring out the Importance of thermal and dynamical influence of the Himalayas Upon the generation and the development of the monsoon circulation.
Effect of steel mills on rainfall at distantly located stations
Authors: RAO T. RAMANA , MURTY BH. V. RAMANA
Published: February 2022

Based on the target-control concept as in the design of conventional cloud seeding experiment, the monthly rainfall data of February and August of four raingauge stations, situated from 100 to 200 km from the Jamshedpur-Burnpur steel mills complex, have been analysed for the four successive 21-year periods commencing from 1872, Mean period decreases ranging upto 63 per cent in the February rainfall and upto 27 per cent  in the August rainfall have been indicated at the target stations since the establishment of the steel industry in the region, Application of statistical tests on the ratio values of rainfall of the target to that of the control has pointed out that changes indicated in the February rainfall, in some cases, are significant, It has been argued that the process of rain development, characteristic of the winter clouds in the region, could be sensitive to effluents from the steel mills.
Efficiency of the severe recorded rainstorms over north India
Authors: DHAR O. N. , RAKHEAHA P.
Published: February 2022

38 severe rainstorms that have been experienced over north India during the last 70 to 80 years were analysed by DAD method and for each rainstorm P|M ratios were worked out for different size of areas. Comparison of these ratios has shown that the most efficient rainstorm that has occurred during the last 80 years over north India was the rainstorm of October 1955 over the Punjab plains for one-day duration and upto 10,000 sq. miles (25,900sq. km).
On the climatological computation of net radiation components
Authors: VENKATARAMAN S. , KRISHNAMURTHY V. , SUBBARAO K.
Published: February 2022

The suitability of a green vegetative cover as a standard surface for climatological computations of net radiation and the paucity of data on total daily long wave flux are discussed. The net radiation and associated data for bare soil at Poona are analysed and it is inferred that the night time pyrgeometric observations might be representative to obtain the long wave flux for the day as a whole.
A modified bubbler sensor for the continuous recording of surface ozone
Authors: SREEDHARAN C. R.
Published: February 2022

The surface ozone recorders developed at Poona use a Brewer electrochemical bubbler ozone sensor. Continuous recording with the sensor is possible if a constant level of solution can be maintained in the bubbler. In the Mark I surface ozone recorder this was achieved by incorporating a reservoir of KI solution which automatically siphons the solution into the bubbler. This resulted in changes in the response characteristics of the bubbler. In the Mark II bubbler gradual free mixing between the solution in the bubbler and the reservoir is made possible by enveloping the bubbler with the reservoir. The result is a simple, reliable, surface ozone recording system which requires attention only once in a week. The system is described in detail and sample records are presented.
Air pocket theory for large amplitude waves in stratified fluids
Authors: GUPTA B. K. SEN
Published: February 2022

The general wave equation for steady-state two-dimensional flow in stratified fluids has been re-written in an integral form. (This was first suggested by Long and later exploited by Yih). An Airy integral solution is presented in this paper, and the possibility of obtaining the widest range of exact solutions examined.
Comparative study of Showalter's stability index and George's instability value K for predicting local thunderstorm over Calcutta airport
Authors: SINGH GURBACHAN , AGNIHOTRI C. L.
Published: February 2022

Showalter's stability index and George's instability value K have been calculated for 1200 observations of pre-monsoon months of Calcutta Airport. The results show that George's instability value K gives a better indication for occurrence or non-occurrence of a thunderstorm than Showalter's stability index. It has a1so been found that if the value of George's instability index works out to be 28 or less in the morning or evening radiosonde observation (which happens on about 48 per cent of the total occasions) non-occurrence of a thunderstorm over Calcutta Airport during the next 15 hours can be predicted with reasonable certainty.
Ozone concentration studies near the ground at Poona Part II : Short term fluctuations
Authors: SREEDHARANV C. R. , TIWARI S.
Published: February 2022

The paper discusses short term fluctuations, superimposed on the diurnal variation of surface ozone recorded at Poona during 1969.1970, in association with thunderstorms and the breakdown of temperature inversions near the ground.

While there is a net production of ozone during electrical discharges in a thundercloud, the surface ozone recorder at Poona often registered a decrease in surface ozone concentration. This decrease coincided with the Bay of Bengal updrafts generated during the formation and movement of a thunderstorm. Similar sharp increases in ozone were observed with downdrafts. In cases of lightning without the appearance of thunderstorm over the station, an increase in ozone density was observed immediately after the first lightning discharge.
Study of the structure of upper tropospheric easterlies over Peninsular India during the southwest monsoon Season based on ESE data
Authors: RAO N. S. BHASKARA , RAO U. V. GOPALA , SAXENA S. P.
Published: February 2022

Exercise Storm Exchange (ESE) is the name given to the project in which a Canberra aircraft equipped with scientific instruments, loaned by the Royal aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, U.K. flew in India for a period of 3 months from 21 June 1972 On studies of atmospheric conditions. One of the studies was to investigate the detailed structure of temperature and wind fields at different levels in the fast upper tropospheric easterly flow which prevails over Peninsular India, during the southwest monsoon season. The aircraft flew between Trivandrum and Bangalore at selected levels between 500 and 100 mb on 25 July 1972.

The study of the data thus collected; showed that small scale variations of significant amplitude are present in the thermal fields at all levels with the result that the thermal wind equation completely breaks down when it is sought to be verified for short distances. In some cases the actual shears differ from the thermal wind by one order of magnitude.
Measurement of global solar radiation on inclined surfaces of any orientation under overcast sky condition
Authors: GARG H. P. , RAO K. R. , PAL R. S.
Published: February 2022

In this paper some observations of total solar radiation on sloped surfaces of different inclinations made at Roorkee under overcast sky conditions are presented along with the measuring technique. The observations indicate that the assumption of isotropy of the sky radiation under overcast sky conditions with altrostratus type of clouds is not justified. It is shown that the total radiation received by a surface of any inclination varies considerably with the orientation with respect to the sun for a given solar altitude. The ratio of total solar radiation on an inclined plane of any azimuthal orientation with respect to the sun, to that on a horizontal plane is found to be fairly independent of solar altitude. It is also observed that the albedo of the ground with green grass varies from 20 to 24 per cent.