bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How the sustainable development goals challenge public management. Action research on the cultural heritage of an Italian smart city
Authors: Magliacani Michela
Published: September 2022

Pressure to face sustainability challenges is encouraging research into the ways in which public managers embed sustainability in their work and implement it. The 2030 Agenda has given a boost to the use of accounting practices to achieve Sustainable Developments Goals. While sustainability, together with accounting and accountability, has been explored, less attention has been paid to the antecedents leading to its embedding in public management practices. To provide a contribution on this matter, this study investigates the organizational processes facilitating public managers in institutionalizing sustainability, accounting and accountability practices. Focusing on the 11th Sustainable Development Goal, “cities” are entrusted with making cultural heritage management sustainable, raising the research question: what challenges does the 11th Sustainable Development Goal pose for the public management of urban cultural heritage? Action Research was carried out to investigate knowledge building within a project—the “Pavia Network Project” (2014–2017)—involving practitioners and researchers. The research findings shed light on the organizational processes that led to the implementation of sustainable accounting and accountability by an Italian smart city. The choice fell on Pavia because of its invaluable cultural heritage, having been, through time, the capital of the Early Medieval Lombard Kingdom, a wealthy Renaissance court and an historical university town. From the discussion of the results, a conceptual model on the antecedents of sustainable accounting and accountability knowledge arose. Besides the limitations of Action Research, this model suggests meaningful insights for both practitioners and researchers into the organizational changes triggered by the 2030 Agenda.
Scientific Knowledge vs. Knowledge of Science
Authors: Chakravartty Anjan
Published: September 2022

How is knowledge pertaining to science best transferred to the public in order to bolster support for science-based policy and governance, thereby serving the common good? Herein lies a well-recognized challenge: widespread public support arguably requires a widespread understanding of science itself, but this is naturally undermined by the inherent complexities of the sciences, and by disparities in teaching and popular reporting. A common reaction to this has been to champion educational reform to produce broader scientific literacy, but prevailing conceptions of this, I argue, are misconceived. I consider an account of “knowledge transfer”—a practice whereby science is “transferred” between different contexts of use—to illuminate why some transfers are successful and others are not, and thus, why conventional appeals to scientific literacy are bound to be ineffective in producing public understanding that serves societal wellbeing. As an alternative, principal focus, what is required is a form of philosophical literacy regarding science, amounting to a particular understanding of the claim that “Whatever natural science may be for the specialist, for educational purposes it is knowledge of the conditions of human action” (Dewey, 1916, p. 128).
Interferometric Imaging, and Beam-Formed Study of a Moving Type-IV Radio Burst with LOFAR
Authors: Liu Hongyu , Zucca Pietro , Cho Kyung-Suk , Kumari Anshu , Zhang Peijin , Magdalenić Jasmina , Kim Rok-Soon , Kim Sujin , Kang Juhyung
Published: September 2022

Type-IV radio bursts have been studied for over 50 years. However, the specifics of the radio emission mechanisms is still an open question. In order to provide more information about the emission mechanisms, we studied a moving Type-IV radio burst with fine structures (spike group) by using the high-resolution capability of the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) on August 25, 2014. We present a comparison of Nançay Radioheliograph (NRH) and the first LOFAR imaging data of the Type-IV radio burst. The degree of circular polarization (DCP) is calculated at frequencies in the range 20 – 180 MHz using LOFAR data, and it was found that the value of DCP gradually increased during the event, with values of 20 – 30%. LOFAR interferometric data were combined with white-light observations in order to track the propagation of this Type-IV burst. The kinematics shows a westward motion of the radio sources, slower than the CME leading edge. The dynamic spectrum of LOFAR shows a large number of fine structures with durations of less than 1 s and high brightness temperatures ($T_{ \mathrm{B}}$

T
B

), i.e., $10^{12}$

10

12

 – $10^{13}$

10

13

K. The gradual increase of DCP supports gyrosynchrotron emission as the most plausible mechanism for the Type IV. However, coherent emissions such as Electron Cyclotron Maser (ECM) instability may be responsible for small-scale fine structures. Countless fine structures altogether were responsible for such high $T_{\mathrm{B}}$

T
B

.
Specific Mutations in the Cholesterol-Binding Site of APP Alter Its Processing and Favor the Production of Shorter, Less Toxic Aβ Peptides
Authors: Hanbouch Linda , Schaack Béatrice , Kasri Amal , Fontaine Gaëlle , Gkanatsiou Eleni , Brinkmalm Gunnar , Camporesi Elena , Portelius Erik , Blennow Kaj , Mourier Gilles , Gilles Nicolas , Millan Mark J. , Marquer Catherine , Zetterberg Henrik , Boussicault Lydie , Potier Marie-Claude
Published: September 2022

Excess brain cholesterol is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we evaluated how the presence of a cholesterol-binding site (CBS) in the transmembrane and juxtamembrane regions of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) regulates its processing. We generated nine point mutations in the APP gene, changing the charge and/or hydrophobicity of the amino-acids which were previously shown as part of the CBS. Most mutations triggered a reduction of amyloid-β peptides Aβ40 and Aβ42 secretion from transiently transfected HEK293T cells. Only the mutations at position 28 of Aβ in the APP sequence resulted in a concomitant significant increase in the production of shorter Aβ peptides. Mass spectrometry (MS) confirmed the predominance of Aβx-33 and Aβx-34 with the APPK28A mutant. The enzymatic activity of α-, β-, and γ-secretases remained unchanged in cells expressing all mutants. Similarly, subcellular localization of the mutants in early endosomes did not differ from the APPWT protein. A transient increase of plasma membrane cholesterol enhanced the production of Aβ40 and Aβ42 by APPWT, an effect absent in APPK28A mutant. Finally, WT but not CBS mutant Aβ derived peptides bound to cholesterol-rich exosomes. Collectively, the present data revealed a major role of juxtamembrane amino acids of the APP CBS in modulating the production of toxic Aβ species. More generally, they underpin the role of cholesterol in the pathophysiology of AD.
Predictors of Literacy and Attitudes Toward Reading Among Syrian Refugee Children in Jordan
Authors: Hadfield Kristin , Al-Hamad Mays , Bakhti Rinad , Dajani Rana , El Kharouf Amal , Michalek Julia , Mukunzi Joana , Qtaishat Lina , Sethi Tanvi , von Stumm Sophie , Mareschal Isabelle
Published: September 2022

Refugee children often face disruptions to their education before and during displacement. However, little is known about either levels or predictors of refugee children’s literacy or about their attitudes toward reading in low- or middle-income countries. To address this, we conducted in-home literacy assessments using the Holistic Assessment of Learning and Development Outcomes with 322 Syrian refugee mother–child dyads who lived in Jordan (child age range 4–8 years, M = 6.32 years, 50% female). Overall, the children had quite low levels of literacy, although they indicated a strong enthusiasm for reading. Child age, maternal education, and maternal ability to read all predicted child literacy, although maternal literacy predicted it only among children enrolled in school. Among those enrolled in school (64.9% of the total sample, 88.7% of those aged ≥ 6), students attending hybrid classes had better literacy than those attending either solely in-person or solely online, although the frequency of school attendance did not predict literacy. A less consistent pattern emerged for predicting children’s attitudes toward reading. Our results suggest an urgent need to improve literacy skills among refugee children in Jordan, as well as a need for validated measures of attitudes toward reading for use with Arabic-speaking youth.
Moving With Confidence: How Does Anxiety Impede Performance in Individuals With Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)?
Authors: Harris Sophie , Purcell Catherine , Wilmut Kate
Published: September 2022

Purpose of Review

It is well-established that anxiety levels are higher among people with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compared to their peers. However, it is unclear whether this anxiety influences movement and behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to review studies demonstrating the influence of anxiety on movement and/or behaviour in non-DCD and DCD populations.

Recent Findings

When considering non-DCD literature, many studies have illustrated the influence of anxiety on movement. Only two papers were found which explicitly aimed to consider the influence of anxiety on movement in a DCD population. These findings are described and explored against a backdrop of the wider research field.

This paper has highlighted the potential role of anxiety in constraining movement patterns in DCD. While a great deal more evidence is needed before definitive conclusions, there is emerging evidence that motor behaviour may be related to task-specific anxiety in children with DCD.
Effectiveness of Project ECHO Programs in Improving Clinician Knowledge and Confidence in Managing Complex Psychiatric Patients: a Waitlist-Controlled Study
Authors: Bessell Erica , Kim Ji Sun , Chiem Lyn , McDonald Andrew , Thompson David , Glozier Nicholas , Simpson Andrew , Parcsi Lisa , Morris Richard , Koncz Rebecca
Published: September 2022

Objective

The authors aimed to determine if Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO), a health-education model utilising teleconferencing technology, improves the capacity of clinicians in assessing and managing complex psychiatric patients.

Methods

Three pilot Project ECHO programs were evaluated as a prospective waitlist-controlled trial, focusing on Adult Eating Disorders, Adult Intellectual Disability Mental Health, and General Mental Health. Each program comprised 9–10 weekly teleconferencing group sessions. Participants and waitlist-controls completed pre- and post-program surveys. The primary outcomes were self-reported knowledge and confidence in assessing and managing complex patients relevant to each group. Linear mixed models were used to assess the group-by-time interaction, or change over time, as appropriate.

Results

Between July 2020 and June 2021, three series of the Adult Intellectual Disability Mental Health program, two series of the Adult Eating Disorders program, and two series of the General Mental Health program were delivered. Compared to waitlist-controls (n = 21), there were statistically significant improvements in self-reported knowledge and confidence for all topics amongst participants of the Adult Eating Disorders program (n = 44). In the Adult Intellectual Disability Mental Health program, there were significant improvements in self-reported knowledge and confidence amongst participants (n = 67) for most topics compared to controls (n = 21). There were no waitlist-controls for the General Mental Health program, but within-group analysis (n = 28) showed significant improvements in participants’ knowledge and confidence following program completion, compared to baseline.

Conclusion

Project ECHO is a feasible and effective model to develop workforce capacity in managing complex psychiatric conditions.
The role of foreign aids and income inequality in poverty reduction: A sustainable development approach for Africa?
Authors: Alao Rasheed O. , Alola Andrew A.
Published: September 2022

In the last decades, international interventions mostly through foreign aids have consistently been directed toward sustainable development objectives such as reduction of poverty in African countries. Thus, this study investigates the effect of foreign aids and income inequality in poverty reduction in Africa for 1990–2016. The novelty lies in the investigation of the effectiveness of aid remittances to Africa from the United Nations and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) which has previously been overlooked in extant studies. By using the system Generalized Method of Moments, the study showed that the interaction of inequality with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) funds and OECD Official Development Assistance is not statistically significant. Meanwhile, the interventions from the UNDP funds and OECD Official Development Assistance statistically yield significant and expected results of reducing poverty in the poor continent. However, the study surprisingly failed to establish that remittances from the UNDP have significantly mitigated poverty in Africa. Importantly, this study presents a significant policy guide for the governments and the stakeholders and recommends that the donor agencies adopt poverty-reduction, and income distribution-based criteria for the allocation of their resources to reduce poverty in the continent.
Social responses to the natural loss of individuals in Barbary macaques
Authors: Fedurek Piotr , McFarland Richard , Majolo Bonaventura , Lehmann Julia
Published: September 2022

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in investigating how animal social structure is affected by the loss of individuals. This is often achieved using simulations that generate predictions regarding how the removal of ‘key’ individuals from a group affects network structure. However, little is known about the effects of such removals in wild and free-ranging populations, particularly the extent to which naturally occurring mortality events and the loss of a large proportion of individuals from a social group affects the overall structure of a social network. Here, we used data from a population of wild Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) that was exposed to an exceptionally harsh winter, culminating in the death of 64% of the adults from two groups. We analysed how social interaction patterns among surviving individuals were affected by the natural loss of group members using social networks based on affiliative (i.e., grooming) and aggressive social interactions. We show that only the structure of the pre-decline grooming networks was conserved in the post-decline networks, suggesting that grooming, but not aggression networks are resilient against the loss of group members. Surviving group members were not significantly different from the non-survivors in terms of their affiliative and agonistic relationships, and did not form assorted communities in the pre-decline networks. Overall, our results suggest that in primates, patterns of affiliative interactions are more resilient to changes in group composition than aggressive interaction patterns, which tend to be used more flexibly in new conditions.
Modular spectral triples and deformed Fredholm modules
Authors: Ciolli Fabio , Fidaleo Francesco
Published: September 2022

In the setting of non-type $$\mathop {\mathrm{{II_1}}}$$

II
1

representations, we propose a definition of deformed Fredholm module$$\big [D_{{\mathcal {T}}}|D_{{\mathcal {T}}}|^{-1},\,\mathbf{\cdot }\,\big ]_{{\mathcal {T}}}$$

[

D
T

|

D
T

|

-
1

,

·

]

T

for a modular spectral triple $${{\mathcal {T}}}$$
T
, where $$D_{{\mathcal {T}}}$$

D
T

is the deformed Dirac operator. $$D_{{\mathcal {T}}}$$

D
T

is assumed to be invertible for the sake of simplicity, and its domain is an “essential” operator system $${{\mathcal {E}}}_{{\mathcal {T}}}$$

E
T

. According to such a definition, we obtain $$\big [D_{{\mathcal {T}}}|D_{{\mathcal {T}}}|^{-1},\,\mathbf{\cdot }\,\big ]_{{\mathcal {T}}}=|D_{{\mathcal {T}}}|^{-1}d_{{\mathcal {T}}}(\,\mathbf{\cdot }\,)+d_{{\mathcal {T}}}(\,\mathbf{\cdot }\,)|D_{{\mathcal {T}}}|^{-1}$$

[

D
T

|

D
T

|

-
1

,

·

]

T

=
|

D
T

|

-
1

d
T

(

·

)

+

d
T

(

·

)

|

D
T

|

-
1

, where $$d_{{\mathcal {T}}}$$

d
T

is the deformed derivation associated to $$D_{{\mathcal {T}}}$$

D
T

. Since the “quantum differential” $$1/|D_{{\mathcal {T}}}|$$

1
/
|

D
T

|

appears in a symmetric position, such a definition of Fredholm module differs from the usual one even in the undeformed case, that is in the tracial case. Therefore, it seems to be more suitable for the investigation of noncommutative manifolds in which the nontrivial modular structure might play a crucial role. We show that all models in Fidaleo and Suriano (J Funct Anal 275:1484–1531, 2018) of non-type $$\mathop {\mathrm{{II_1}}}$$

II
1

representations of noncommutative 2-tori indeed provide modular spectral triples, and in addition deformed Fredholm modules according to the definition proposed in the present paper. Since the detailed knowledge of the spectrum of the Dirac operator plays a fundamental role in spectral geometry, we provide a characterisation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the deformed Dirac operator $$D_{{\mathcal {T}}}$$

D
T

in terms of the periodic solutions of a particular class of eigenvalue Hill equations.
Blockchains
Authors: Wang Wenqian , Lumineau Fabrice , Schilke Oliver
Published: September 2022

Blockchains have become increasingly important for organizing contemporary economic and social activities. This Element offers a deeper understanding of blockchains to both management scholars and practitioners, with an emphasis on blockchains' strategic implications for fundamental issues in organizing. It provides a critical examination of the core themes, theoretical lenses, and methodologies used in blockchain research in business and management scholarship. Furthermore, it offers an in-depth discussion of why and how blockchains offer a new way of organizing, providing profound implications for three major issues of strategic organization: contracting, trust, and organizational design. It also discusses several limitations of the technology in its current stage of development. Finally, this Element points to the implication of blockchains on both scholarly research and business practice.
Modern Physics
Authors: Felder Gary N. , Felder Kenny M.
Published: September 2022

Modern Physics intertwines active learning pedagogy with the material typically covered in an introductory survey, from the basics of relativity and quantum mechanics through recent developments in particle physics and cosmology. The flexible approach taken by the authors allows instructors to easily incorporate as much or as little active learning into their teaching as they choose. Chapters are enhanced by 'Discovery' and 'Active Reading' exercises to guide students through key ideas before or during class, while 'ConcepTests' help check student understanding and stimulate classroom discussions. Each chapter also includes extensive assessment material, with a range of basic comprehension questions, drill and practice calculations, computer-based problems, and explorations of advanced applications. A test bank and interactive animations as well as other support for instructors and students are available online. Students are engaged by an accessible and lively writing style, thorough explanations, 'Math Interludes' which account for varying levels of skill and experience, and advanced topics to further pique their interest in physics.
The Cambridge Edition of the Correspondence of Daniel Defoe
Authors: Defoe Daniel
Published: September 2022

This comprehensive and authoritative edition of the correspondence of Daniel Defoe situates each letter in its biographical, literary, and historical contexts. A unique source for a turbulent period of British history, Defoe's correspondence spans topics including the first age of party marked by Tory and Whig rivalry, religious tensions between the Church and Dissenters, the uncertainty of the monarchical succession, the birth of Great Britain and its establishment as a global empire, and the use of the press to mould public opinion. As well as an introduction discussing Defoe's epistolary habits and the distinctive features of his letters, headnotes and annotations explain each document's occasion, beginning in 1703 with Defoe hunted by the government for sedition, and ending in 1730 with him again in hiding, fleeing creditors months before his death. The volume is illustrated with examples of Defoe's letters, offering a fresh window onto Defoe's manuscript habits.
Professional–Collector Collaboration
Authors: Thomas Suzie , Wessman Anna , Pitblado Bonnie L. , Rowe Matthew , Schroeder Bryon
Published: September 2022

This introductory article foregrounds the articles in this special issue, “Professional–Collector Collaboration: Global Challenges and Solutions,” complementing the special issue “Professional–Collector Collaboration Moving beyond Debate to Best Practice,” also published in Advances in Archaeological Practice. The articles that we introduce here cover examples and case studies from European settings such as Norway, the Czech Republic, England, Wales, Finland, and Belgium—places that have been exploring how to respond to the challenge of working meaningfully with collectors and finders of archaeological artifacts, especially metal detectorists. These are joined by examples from Australia, Mexico, Uruguay, and even the United States, in the context of handling—at first glance—problematic collections originating from elsewhere. The articles are diverse in their settings and the challenges they describe, but they point to the need for participatory and democratic approaches to archaeological heritage and the different publics that engage with it.
Is cybervetting valuable?
Authors: Wilcox Annika , Damarin Amanda K. , McDonald Steve
Published: September 2022

Cybervetting is the widespread practice of employers culling information from social media and/or other internet sources to screen and select job candidates. Research evaluating online screening is still in its infancy; that which exists often assumes that it offers value and utility to employers as long as they can avoid discrimination claims. Given the increasing prevalence of cybervetting, it is extremely important to probe its challenges and limitations. We seek to initiate a discussion about the negative consequences of online screening and how they can be overcome. We draw on previous literature and our own data to assess the implications of cybervetting for three key stakeholders: job candidates, hiring agents, and organizations. We also discuss future actions these stakeholders can take to manage and ameliorate harmful outcomes of cybervetting. We argue that it is the responsibility of the organizations engaged in cybervetting to identify specific goals, develop formal policies and practices, and continuously evaluate outcomes so that negative societal consequences are minimized. Should they fail to do so, professional and industry associations as well as government can and should hold them accountable.
The nonlinear evolution of internal tides. Part 1: the superharmonic cascade
Authors: Sutherland Bruce R. , Dhaliwal Maninderpal S.
Published: September 2022

In non-uniform stratification, horizontally propagating internal waves with the vertical structure of a single mode self-interact to excite superharmonics. Baker & Sutherland (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 891, 2020, R1) showed that a vertical mode-1 parent wave of sufficiently small amplitude dominantly excites a vertical mode-1 superharmonic with double the horizontal wavenumber. Through theory, assuming a parent wave of sufficiently small amplitude, they showed that the superharmonics grew and decayed periodically due to the parent forcing frequency being off-resonant with the natural frequency of the superharmonic. Here, we extend this theory to allow for larger parent wave amplitudes and/or stronger resonant forcing, as would occur at lower latitudes, where the influence of background rotation is small. The resulting coupled system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is shown to well predict the evolution of the internal tide as determined in fully nonlinear numerical simulations. With strong nonlinear forcing, successive superharmonics grow to non-negligible amplitudes in what we call the ‘superharmonic cascade’. The phase relationship between the superharmonics is such that when superimposed, the internal tide transforms into a solitary wave train, consistent with the predictions of well-established shallow-water models, particularly that of the Ostrovsky equation, which is an extension of the Korteweg–de Vries equation accounting for background rotation. This work thus gives new insight into internal solitary wave generation. The model equations have less restrictive assumptions than models based upon shallow-water theory, and because they are quickly solved, these provide a potentially powerful new tool to examine the nonlinear evolution of the internal tide.
Convective mesoscale turbulence at very low Prandtl numbers
Authors: Pandey Ambrish , Krasnov Dmitry , Sreenivasan Katepalli R. , Schumacher Jörg
Published: September 2022

Horizontally extended turbulent convection, termed mesoscale convection in natural systems, remains a challenge to investigate in both experiments and simulations. This is particularly so for very low molecular Prandtl numbers, such as occur in stellar convection and in the Earth's outer core. The present study reports three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection in square boxes of side length

$L$

and height

$H$

with the aspect ratio

$\varGamma =L/H$

of 25, for Prandtl numbers that span almost 4 orders of magnitude,

$10^{-3}\le Pr \le 7$

, and Rayleigh numbers

$10^5 \le Ra \le 10^7$

, obtained by massively parallel computations on grids of up to

$5.36\times 10^{11}$

points. The low end of this

$Pr$

-range cannot be accessed in controlled laboratory measurements. We report the essential properties of the flow and their trends with the Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers, in particular, the global transport of momentum and heat – the latter decomposed into convective and diffusive contributions – across the convection layer, mean vertical profiles of the temperature and temperature fluctuations and the kinetic energy and thermal dissipation rates. We also explore the degree to which the turbulence in the bulk of the convection layer resembles classical homogeneous and isotropic turbulence in terms of spectra, increment moments and dissipative anomaly, and find close similarities. Finally, we show that a characteristic scale of the order of the mesoscale seems to saturate to a wavelength of

$\lambda \gtrsim 3H$

for

$Pr\lesssim 0.005$

. We briefly discuss possible implications of these results for the development of subgrid-scale parameterization of turbulent convection.
Effect of free stream turbulence on the topology of laminar separation bubble on a sphere
Authors: Desai Aditya , Mittal Sanjay
Published: September 2022

The topology of a laminar separation bubble (LSB) on a sphere in the critical regime is investigated via experiments at five turbulent intensities:

$T_u=0.06\,\%$

,

$0.42\,\%$

,

$0.71\,\%$

,

$1.00\,\%$

and

$1.36\,\%$

. The drag crisis occurs at a lower

$Re$

and becomes gradual with increasing

$T_u$

. The flow is devoid of the LSB at the onset of the critical regime. It forms on a small part of the sphere and not at all azimuthal locations, early in the critical regime. The LSB forms at more azimuthal locations with increasing

$Re$

. This azimuthal expansion of the LSB is accompanied by intermittency for a small range of

$Re$

. Towards the end of the critical regime, an axisymmetric LSB forms on the sphere at all time instants. A model is proposed to estimate the azimuthal extent and distribution of the LSB from the mean force coefficients of a flow state. The model predicts that the LSB forms as multiple segments for a large part of the critical regime. During the spatial growth of the LSB with

$Re$

in the critical regime, some of its fragments relocate to alternate locations. Moderate increase in

$T_u$

(

$0.42\,\% \leq T_u \leq 0.71\,\%$

) leads to rich dynamics with several intermittent flow states. However, fewer intermittent states are observed beyond a certain

$T_u$

(

${\geq }1.00\,\%$

).
Enhanced bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of a novel hybrid-hydrogel formulation of fisetin orally administered in healthy individuals: a randomised double-blinded comparative crossover study
Authors: Krishnakumar Illathu Madhavamenon , Jaja-Chimedza Asha , Joseph Ashil , Balakrishnan Abhilash , Maliakel Balu , Swick Andrew
Published: September 2022

Fisetin, a polyphenol found in several fruits and vegetables, has shown potential health benefits in many pre-clinical studies for neuroprotection, cardioprotection, chemoprevention, diabetes, inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the clinical effectiveness of fisetin may be limited by its poor bioavailability when ingested. Using a novel green technology of Hybrid-FENUMAT™, a food-grade fisetin formulation (FF-20) was developed through encapsulation of fisetin micelles into fenugreek galactomannan (FG) hydrogel scaffold to improve its physical characteristics and bioavailability. This is the first human pharmacokinetic study of fisetin following a single-dose, comparative, double-blinded, cross-over protocol, supplementing with FF-20 and unformulated fisetin (UF). Fifteen healthy volunteers were given a single dose of 1000 mg UF or 1000 mg FF-20 (delivering 192 mg fisetin) with a 10-d washout period between each dose. Blood samples were taken at 0⋅5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 and 12 h after both days of supplementation to quantify fisetin and geraldol, an active metabolite. The plasma concentration of fisetin when individuals consumed FF-20 was 26⋅9-fold greater than UF as determined by the area under the curve over 12 h [AUC0–12 h (FF-20) = 341⋅4 v. AUC0–12 h (UF) = 12⋅67]. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was also more than twenty-three times higher when supplemented with FF-20 (238⋅2 ng/ml) compared to UF (9⋅97 ng/ml). The encapsulation also reduced the amount of conversion of fisetin to geraldol. No adverse events were reported during the study. Therefore, the encapsulation of fisetin into FG dietary fibre hydrogel scaffold could improve its delivery and bioavailability in human subjects.
Speaking Out against the Discrimination of Romanians Abroad: An Analysis of Parliamentary Speeches in the Home Country
Authors: Gherghina Sergiu , Soare Sorina , Tap Paul
Published: September 2022

Discrimination against minority ethnic groups has often been analyzed through the lenses of institutional action, antiminority rhetoric, and media framing in the countries of residence. However, we know little about how ethnic discrimination is approached in the home countries of these minorities. To address this gap in the literature, our article seeks to explain how Romanian parliamentarians address discrimination against coethnics abroad. We use inductive thematic analysis conducted on all of the parliamentary speeches about the discrimination of coethnics abroad in the Chamber of Deputies between 2008 and 2020. Our results indicate a relatively high degree of descriptive representation and an extensive concern about discrimination of coethnics abroad from parliamentarians across the political spectrum. The speeches about discrimination differ in content relative to the coethnic community of reference.
VALUATION DRIFTS, MEANING ENDURES: THUCYDIDES 3.82.4
Authors: Noriega-Olmos Simon
Published: September 2022

Arguing against the long-standing belief that Thuc. 3.82.4 refers to words changing their meanings, this article shows that, according to the passage, the way in which people value actions and apply value-words to actions in peace differs from how they value and apply value-words to the same types of actions in stasis. But the meaning of the value-words themselves remains the same in both circumstances. The passage is about neither meaning nor the propagandistic manipulation of language but about the distorting effect of stasis on the moral assessment of actions.
Shoot the Arrow, Then Paint the Target: CEO Compensation and Institutional Shareholder Services Benchmarking
Authors: Iyer Subramanian R. , Palmon Oded , Sankaran Harikumar
Published: September 2022

We document that firms that expect their CEOs’ compensation to exceed the median CEO compensation of their Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS) peers influence ISS to revise these peer sets. Controlling for changes in firm characteristics that ISS uses to select peers, we find that ISS applies an abnormally high turnover rate in the members of these peer sets and increases the representation of focal firms’ chosen peers. This turnover results in increases in the medians of the ISS peers’ CEO compensation and size. We find that these firms underperform and conclude that they attempt to camouflage high CEO pay to mitigate outrage costs.
Cross-Subsidization in Conglomerate Firms: Evidence from Government Spending Shocks
Authors: Kisgen Darren J. , Kong Lei
Published: September 2022

Exploiting demand shocks from changes in federal government spending, we examine how the organizational structure of a firm affects its investment behavior. Government spending shocks affect the investment of government-dependent conglomerate segments less than matched stand-alone firms. Investment also increases in lower government-dependent segments when other segments within the same firm experience positive demand shocks, indicating cross-subsidization between segments. We further show that this cross-subsidization leads to worse operating performance and increases the diversification discount. Our findings are robust after addressing the endogeneity of government spending.
Trophoniella cucullata, a new flabelligerid species from Mediterranean Posidonia oceanica meadows (Annelida, Flabelligeridae)
Authors: Mancini Emanuele , Bonifazi Andrea , Tiralongo Francesco , Lezzi Marco
Published: September 2022

A new species belonging to the genus Trophoniella Hartman, 1959 (Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae) was described from the coastal area of Civitavecchia (Northern Tyrrhenian Sea). The species was collected in gravelly coarse sands from Posidonia oceanica beds at around 7 m depth. Trophoniella cucullata sp. nov. clearly differs from all other congeners species primarily by the distribution of the sediment grains on the body and by the starting point of the anchylosed neurohooks. Diagnostic morphological traits for the identification of the species are discussed. The description of Trophoniella cucullata sp. nov. in the same P. oceanica biocenosis where other species have been recently reported in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, testifies to the role of this marine phanerogam as a biodiversity hotspot.
A new era in gut hormone-based pharmacotherapy for people with obesity
Authors: Firman Chloe , Batterham Rachel L.
Published: September 2022

Obesity, excess adipose tissue accumulation that may impair health, is a major global healthcare challenge that increases the risk of several life-limiting diseases, reduces quality of life and leads to premature mortality. Weight loss improves or leads to the resolution of obesity-related diseases. Lifestyle interventions are the cornerstone for all weight management programmes and lead to health benefits. However, for the majority of people with severe obesity, lifestyle interventions and currently available anti-obesity medications lead to insufficient weight loss to improve their health. For these patients the only effective treatment option is bariatric surgery, which whilst highly effective, is difficult to access and not suitable for everyone, leaving a ‘treatment gap’ between lifestyle interventions and bariatric surgery. Unfortunately, the history of development of drugs to treat obesity has been marred by poor efficacy and safety issues. This is now set to change as a result of scientific advancements, which have increased the understanding of the role that gut hormones play in regulating energy and glucose homoeostasis. This has led to the development of effective, safe drugs based on gut hormones that target the body's own appetite regulating systems that herald a new era of treatments for people living with obesity.
The Prestorm Environment and Prediction for Local‐ and Nonlocal‐Scale Precipitation: Insights Gained From High‐Resolution Radiosonde Measurements Across China
Authors: Zhang Jian , Guo Jianping , Li Jian , Shao Jia , Tong Bing , Zhang Shaodong
Published: September 2022

Differentiating local‐scale precipitation (LP) and nonlocal‐scale precipitation (NLP) and understanding their corresponding prestorm environment are of importance for accurate severe weather analysis and forecasting. However, the difference in the transient prestorm environments of LP and NLP is largely undetermined, thereby fundamentally limiting the predictability of convective storms. The present study focuses on the precursor signals of LP and their differences from those of NLP based on explicit observational analyses using high‐resolution radiosonde measurements from the China radiosonde network with a vertical resolution of 5‐m, combined with 1‐min rain gauge data from the China rain gauge network during 2013–2020. LP and NLP can be recognized by most proximity sounding parameters. For example, the upcoming LP is characterized by larger most‐unstable convective available potential energy (MUCAPE), K index, and total precipitable water (TPW), and a lower lifting condensation level (LCL), compared to the NLP scenario. By taking proximity sounding parameters as inputs and precipitation types as learning targets, a nu‐support vector machine algorithm can effectively predict LP or NLP events, achieving an overall precision of 97%. However, the precision significantly drops by approximately 20% after removing the variable of low‐level wind shear, indicating the crucial role of wind observation when predicting the LP event. Furthermore, more intensive LPs are characterized by larger MUCAPE, K index, TPW, and moist static energy, and lower LCL. Among others, MUCAPE is the most important feature, according to the gradient boosting machine algorithm.
Hydrologic Connectivity and Residence Time Affect the Sediment Trapping Efficiency and Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations of the Atchafalaya River Basin
Authors: Kroes Daniel E. , Day Richard H. , Kaller Michael D. , Demas Charles R. , Kelso William E. , Pasco Tiffany , Harlan Raynie , Roberts Steven
Published: September 2022

Little is known about water movement, volume, or residence time (RT), and how those characteristics affect sediment trapping efficiency (TE) and dissolved oxygen concentrations (DO) in the United States' largest remaining bottomland hardwood swamp, the Atchafalaya River Basin. To better understand these dynamics, this study used bathymetry, lidar, and stage records to determine volumes in the Basin's hydrologically distinct water management units (WMUs). Discharge measurements determined flow distribution and RT. Residence time was compared with DO to identify conditions that coincided with DO increases or decreases. Suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) were used to determine TE relative to calculated and measured discharge and RT. Discharge through units (85–2,200 m3/s) and RT (0.37–231 d) depended on connectivity and river stage. At high stages, with water temperatures >20°C, DO in the largest WMU declined by −0.21 mg/l/day. DO trends indicated less well‐connected areas of the WMU contributed hypoxic waters as the flood wave lengthened and stages fell. In the two WMUs examined for TE, TE (−266% to 99% and up to 38 Gg/day) correlated with hydrologic connectivity, SSC, RT, water volume, and, in one WMU, discharge losses. Long RT and high TE indicated a high potential to process nutrients. These relationships varied among WMUs. Large volumes of sediment‐laden water moving over the floodplain combined with long RT, high TE, and hypoxia indicate that this ecosystem has continental‐scale importance in reducing nutrient loads to the northern Gulf of Mexico. Reports from other systems suggest similar processes may be operating on other large river floodplains globally.
Neighborhood Strategies Inform Boston’s First Urban Forest Plan
Authors: Crawford Iris
Published: September 2022

The city prioritizes equity and inclusion as it incorporates tree coverage into climate resiliency efforts.
New Map of Proposed Mantle-Driven Topography Stirs the Pot
Authors: Dzombak Rebecca
Published: September 2022

The role the deep Earth plays in creating topography is hotly debated. A new study uses subtle elevation changes around the globe as evidence that the mantle plays a key role in building topography.
Shear‐Velocity Structure and Dynamics Beneath the Sicily Channel and Surrounding Regions of the Central Mediterranean Inferred From Seismic Surface Waves
Authors: Agius M. R. , Magrini F. , Diaferia G. , Kästle E. D. , Cammarano F. , Faccenna C. , Funiciello F. , van der Meijde M.
Published: September 2022

The evolution of the Sicily Channel Rift Zone (SCRZ) is thought to accommodate the regional tectonic stresses of the Calabrian subduction system. Much of the observations we have today are either limited to the surface or to the upper crust or deeper from regional seismic tomography, missing important details about the lithospheric structure and dynamics. It is unclear whether the rifting is passive from far‐field extensional stresses or active from mantle upwelling beneath. We measure Rayleigh‐and Love‐wave phase velocities from ambient seismic noise and invert for 3‐D shear‐velocity and radial anisotropic models. Variations in crustal S‐velocities coincide with topographic and tectonic features. The Tyrrhenian Sea has a ∼10 km thin crust, followed by the SCRZ (∼20 km). The thickest crust is beneath the Apennine‐Maghrebian Mountains (∼55 km). Areas experiencing extension and intraplate volcanism have positive crustal radial anisotropy (VSH > VSV); areas experiencing compression and subduction‐related volcanism have negative anisotropy. The crustal anisotropy across the Channel shows the extent of the extension. Beneath the Tyrrhenian Sea, we find very low sub‐Moho S‐velocities. In contrast, the SCRZ has a thin mantle lithosphere underlain by a low‐velocity zone. The lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary rises from 60 km depth beneath Tunisia to ∼33 km beneath the SCRZ. Negative radial anisotropy in the upper mantle beneath the SCRZ is consistent with vertical mantle flow. We hypothesize a more active mantle upwelling beneath the rift than previously thought from an interplay between poloidal and toroidal fluxes related to the Calabrian slab, which in turn produces uplift at the surface and induces volcanism.
An Atypical Shallow Mw 5.3, 2021 Earthquake in the Western Corinth Rift (Greece)
Authors: Zahradník Jiří , Aissaoui El Madani , Bernard Pascal , Briole Pierre , Bufféral Simon , De Barros Louis , Deschamps Anne , Elias Panagiotis , Evangelidis Christos P. , Fountoulakis Ioannis , Gallovič František , Kapetanidis Vasilis , Kaviris George , Ktenidou Olga‐Joan , Lambotte Sophie , Lengliné Olivier , Lyon‐Caen Helene , Noble Mark , Plicka Vladimír , Rigo Alexis , Roumelioti Zafeiria , Serpetsidaki Anna , Sokos Efthimios , Voulgaris Nicholas
Published: September 2022

Moderate‐to‐large earthquakes in rifts may occur on leading boundary faults or inner antithetic faults. Here we show a rare case of the 2020–2021 seismic sequence in the Corinth rift, that culminated in the shallow rupture of the antithetic fault, neither preceded nor followed by the leading fault rupture. The hypocenter of the largest shock (Mw 5.3 of 17 February 2021) was located at ∼8 km depth. However, seismic waveform data, supported by satellite‐geodetic and tide gauge measurements, pointed to rupture at shallow depth (∼3 km), where no earthquakes were previously observed. We show that the earthquake most probably ruptured two orthogonal, conjugate fault segments: a weak nucleation phase occurred in the microseismically highly active sub‐horizontal detachment layer, followed – a few seconds later – by a larger, shallow moment release on a high‐angle, south‐dipping normal fault. The latter is the Mornos offshore fault, antithetic to the leading, north‐dipping Psathopyrgos fault. Our study presents the first instrumental/observational evidence of a very shallow Mw 5+ event in this rift – and one of the few reported worldwide. The depth limit of the main shallow slip patch coincides with the expected crossing of the Mornos fault with the Psathopyrgos fault, stressing the importance of fault segmentation and rooting inherited from the rift history. This unusual shallow slip in a depth range with little background seismicity and few aftershocks needs to be further investigated by dynamic modeling as a possible prototype of hazardous events in rift environments.
Influences of Antarctic Ozone Depletion on Southern Ocean Aerosols
Authors: Bhatti Yusuf. A. , Revell Laura. E. , McDonald Adrian. J.
Published: September 2022

The Southern Ocean is often identified as a pristine aerosol environment, being distant from anthropogenic sources. We investigate anomalies in aerosol loading over the Southern Ocean due to stratospheric ozone depletion in historical simulations performed for the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. We explore direct influences of ozone depletion on aerosols via enhanced ultraviolet‐induced production of oceanic dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and indirect influences via changes in the Southern Hemisphere westerly jet, which impacts wind‐driven aerosol fluxes. We identify wind as the key driver of change for austral summertime aerosol, leading to increases in aerosol optical depth of up to 24% compared with the pre–ozone hole era. In contrast to previous studies, direct impacts on aerosol from ozone depletion and enhanced ultraviolet fluxes are less obvious. Our results show that the Southern Ocean summertime aerosol environment cannot be considered to be representative of pre–ozone hole conditions because stratospheric ozone depletion has indirectly increased marine aerosol fluxes.