bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence Identification of Japonica Rice varieties Based on Raman Spectroscopic Identification Mechanism of Saline-alkali Tolerance
Authors: Liu Rui , Ma Bo , Zhao Xin , Tan Kefei , Hu Jifang , Yuan Ming , Wang Lianxia , Xiang Hongbo , Mi Dongxue , Lai Yongcai , Liu Kai , Wang Shibo
Published: September 2024

Rice is regarded as the preferred crop for saline-alkali soil improvement by researchers. At present, the identification method for saline-alkali tolerance of rice varieties requires researcher to conduct tedious field investigations based on growth indicators. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an effective technical means to quickly and accurately identify saline-alkali tolerance of rice varieties. Study used 20 japonica rice varieties with three types of saline-alkali tolerance as test materials, by analyzing the identification mechanism of salt-alkali tolerance in Raman spectrum of japonica rice varieties, seven characteristic spectral peaks closely related to salt-alkali tolerance were identified. Various algorithms in Python are used for data standardization, baseline elimination, extraction of characteristic spectral peaks, detection of peaks characteristic information and data noise reduction. Three identification models were established to confirm the highest accuracy of CapsNets identification model, which could provide technical support and reference for breeding saline-alkali resistant japonica rice varieties.
The Impact of Austism on Ethnic Minority children in Middle and Low income Countries.An Under-Researched Challenge
Authors: Ndindeng Atina
Published: September 2024

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviours (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). While substantial research has been conducted in high-income countries, the impact of autism on ethnic minority children in middle- and low-income countries (MLICs) is significantly under-explored (Elsabbagh et al., 2012; Durkin et al., 2017). This study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating a systematic review of existing literature with qualitative interviews from selected MLICs, to comprehensively analyse the unique challenges faced by these populations. The findings reveal significant disparities in diagnosis, treatment, and social outcomes, shaped by cultural perceptions, economic factors, healthcare infrastructure, and intersecting identities (Crenshaw, 1989). Additionally, the study examines broader societal impacts and developmental implications, concluding with a call for targeted research, policy interventions, and community-based strategies to bridge these gaps (Bakare & Munir, 2021).
Multiple Cesarean Section Jenny
Authors: Feyisa Cheru Telila
Published: September 2024

Background: Jenny dystocia occurs very rarely and is mainly associated with postural defects due to long fetal extremities. However, the management of dystocia in equines is relatively difficult compared to that in other large animals. Due to the absence of well-described published papers on cesarean section in donkeys, this condition can be life-threatening after unsuccessful surgical intervention.
Patient presentation: A 4-year-old Jenny with a difficult birth due to a previous car accident presented for 3 consecutive years at different stages of labor onset. Up on early presentation, there was straining and frequent aggressive rolling. Further examination also revealed a fully dilated cervix and narrow pelvic cavity due to the downward bending of the iliac wing. Surgical sites (lower flank, ventral midline, and paramedian) were used for each delivery. General anesthesia was used in all three procedures, and local infiltration of 2% lidocaine along with light general anesthesia was used at the time she presented with a live fetus. Surgical sites aseptically prepared for cesarean section and dead fetuses were removed at the 1st and 3rd parity due to delayed presentation. However, on the 2nd parity, a live female foal was delivered. In all the approaches, the 1st layer of uterine closure was made by using a simple continuous suture pattern (biting all the layers of the uterine wall). Then, the sutures were oversewed with a Cushing suture pattern using #0 polyglycolic acid (PGA). The skin was closed by different suture patterns during each technique using nonabsorbable suture material # 1 silk. Postoperative subcutaneous swelling was observed and regressed gradually in all the approaches. The duration of skin suture removal was determined based on the extent of wound healing and the site of the incision.
Conclusion: This is the first ever-identified surgical case in a donkey. Thus, this study was able to indicate different approaches for cesarean section in equines. Moreover, due to the bleeding nature of the equine uterus, simple continuous suturing was the pattern of choice for 1st layer uterine closure. It was also concluded that subcutaneous edema is unavoidable in donkeys.
Heat load and cooling capacity calculation of Air Conditioning system of Rolling stock considering the environmental condition of India
Authors: Srivast Sandeep , Dua Gautam , Sivasankar Govindu
Published: September 2024

The design of the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system has assumed significant importance in the design of rolling stock due to environmental concerns. Countries like India, which have extreme climatic temperature & humidity during summer and monsoon make designing HVAC system complicated.
Proper understanding of the environmental requirements for heat load and cooling capacity calculations will help optimise the design of HVAC systems and avoid over-design that increases weight and power consumption. There are limited high speed train manufacturers who have experience in designing HVAC for varying environmental conditions. A country like India, adopting new high-speed rail, may find it challenging to make any significant changes that could affect HVAC weight and power consumption. Therefore, countries newly developing high-speed rail need to consider this aspect carefully and effectively without compromising on proven design and passenger comfort.
This study aims to evaluate heat load and cooling capacity, considering factual environmental data. The study includes an examination of three major aspects of HVAC design for rolling stock and its surroundings with each aspect discussed distinctly.
I. Heat load calculation of rolling stock
II. Determination of the cooling capacity of the system
III. Passenger comfort criteria
Heat load and cooling capacity mainly depend on the ambient temperature, humidity, and solar radiation gained through conducting material, windows, and fresh air intake for passengers. The present paper illustrates heat load, and cooling capacity calculation in detail considering values/formulae from ASHARE and then formulating the environmental requirements for Indian conditions by comparing passenger comfort criteria for Indian climatic conditions and cooling requirements. This will be useful for designing and calculating operating criteria for train manufacturers and users for Indian conditions.
Influence of percussion and rotation pressure on the performance of drilling steels in different types of rock in an underground mine, Peru
Authors: Cotrina-Teatino Marco Antonio , Marquina-Araujo Jairo Jhonatan , Arango-Retamozo Solio Marino , Antonio-Araujo Eusebio , Mamani-Qusipe Jose Nestor , Portilla-Rodriguez Hans Roger , Noriega-Vidal Eduardo Manuel
Published: September 2024

This study evaluated the influence of percussion and rotation pressure on the performance of drilling steels in sandstone and granodiorite rocks in an underground mine in Peru. Using an experimental design, the Shapiro-Wilk test was applied, revealing a non-normal distribution of wear and efficiency data, leading to the use of robust multiple linear regression for analysis. In granodiorite, with percussion and rotation pressures of 130 and 160 bars, respectively, wear and efficiency were higher compared to sandstone, which used average pressures of 80 and 35 bars. Wear in granodiorite reached 3.7 mm on the drill body and 2.4 mm on the inserts, with an efficiency of 2.31 m/min. In sandstone, wear was 2.45 mm and 1.15 mm, respectively, with an efficiency of 1.92 m/min. The drilling steels showed better performance and lower cost in sandstone (0.35 US$/m) compared to granodiorite (0.40 US$/m). It was concluded that both percussion and rotation pressure significantly influence the wear and performance of drilling steels, increasing wear but improving efficiency with each 1-bar increment.
Guidelines on solo working: tips for anaesthetists in training and SAS doctors
Authors: Waite Stephen , Cavanagh Stephanie , Gibney Emily , Marsden Sarah , Rennie Gillian , Edwardson Stuart
Published: September 2024

Undertaking cases as the sole anaesthetist with distant senior supervision is an important part of development as an anaesthetist in training. The degree and complexity of this work will change depending on levels of experience and stage of training. The Royal College's new guidance on supervision levels helps to give details on this. Our new guidance document helps explain some practical tips on how solo lists can be maximised for both patient safety and educational benefit for the anaesthetist.
NANOPARTICLES UNVEILED: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CLASSIFICATION, PROPERTIES, SYNTHESIS, AND APPLICATIONS
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan., Habib Benish , Shabbir Kainat ,   Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan., Ahmad Ayaz ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan., Batool Sarwat ,   Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan., Liaqat Iram ,   Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan., Saddiqua Ayesha ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan., Aalia Mehtab ,   Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan., Ahmed Ejaz ,   Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan., Kareem Kashif ,   Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
Published: September 2024

Nanoparticles, defined as particles with dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nm, represent a groundbreaking domain of nanotechnology. NPs have immense importance across various scientific disciplines and industries. NPs can be classified into zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) structures based on their dimensions. NPs are also classified into carbon, semiconductors, ceramics, polymers, and metal NPs based on their materials. NPs exhibit remarkable physicochemical properties, such as high surface area-to-volume ratios, exceptional thermal conductivity, and catalytic activity, making them crucial in fields such as materials science, medicine, and environmental engineering. Nanoparticles can be synthesized through both top-down approaches, where bulk materials are broken down into smaller particles, and bottom-up methods, involving the assembly of atomic or molecular components. Their applications are diverse and include drug delivery systems, advanced catalysts, nanoelectronics, and environmental remediation technologies, demonstrating their pivotal role in shaping our technological landscape.
CLINICAL STUDY ON MEDHYA EFFECT OF SUVARNAPRASHANA ON INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT (IQ) IN SCHOOL-GOING CHILDREN
Authors:   PG Scholar, Department of Kaumarbhritya, Post Graduate Institute of Ayurved, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India., Joshi Pallavi , Prakash Vyas Prem ,   Former Head, P.G. Department of Kaumarbhritya, Post Graduate Institute of Ayurved, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, India & Principal, MJF Ayurved Medical College, Chomu, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India., Kumar Singhal Harish ,   Associate Professor& HOD, P.G. Department of Kaumarbhritya, Post Graduate Institute of Ayurved, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
Published: September 2024

Background: Suvarnaprashana is indeed a traditional Ayurvedic practice that involves the oral administration of Gold, typically in the form of Gold Bhasma (goldnanoparticle) mixed with Ghritaand honey. This practice is primarily recommended for infants and young children and is believed to have several health benefits, including immune system support, cognitive development, and overall well-being. Aims: To evaluate the Medhya effect of Suvarnaprashanain enhancing the Intelligence quotient in school-going children. Methodology:Children wererandomly selected fromOPD and IPD of Balrog Department of Sanjeevani Ayurveda Hospital of Postgraduate Institute of Ayurved, Dr. S.R. Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, and nearby schools of Jodhpur.In the studymentioned, 60 children were selected from the age group of 6-15 years.The dose of Suvarnaprashana was calculated by Youngs formula. The duration of treatment was 30 days.The assessment in this study focused on evaluating the impact of Suvarnaprashana on the Intelligence quotient(IQ) in children. Result:The mean value for IQ was 99.05 before treatment which increased to 118.37 after treatment with an improvement of about 19.50% showing a significant change in the parameter (P-Value < 0.05).
NIDAN PANCHAK OF GARBHA UPADRAVA SHOTHA W.S.R GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION
Authors:   PG Scholar, Department of Streeroga and Prasutitantra of, Shree Saptashrungi Ayurvedic Mahavidyalay Nashik, Maharashtra., Yogesh Alizad Yash , Suresh Deshmukh Varsha ,   Professor and Guide, Department of Streeroga and Prasutitantra of, Shree Saptashrungi Ayurvedic Mahavidyalay Nashik, Maharashtra.
Published: September 2024

Pregnancy is a crucial phase for women, characterized by numerous physiological changes. One common condition during this period is hypertension, specifically known as pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). The incidence of PIH is increasing due to older ages at marriage and delayed conception. PIH generally manifests after 20 weeks of gestation and significantly contributes to both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) remain a significant challenge in obstetrics, affecting 5-10% of pregnancies and accounting for 16% of maternal deaths worldwide. Garbha upadrava shotha which we can correlate with endothelial dysfunction which we can correlate with gestational hypertension in modern.Although Ayurveda does not classify hypertension as a conventional disease, it provides valuable insights through the evaluation of doshas (body humors), dushyas (affected entities), srotas (body channels), and other related factors. This comprehensive approach, addressing physical, mental, and spiritual aspects, offers potential in both understanding and managing hypertension effectively.
PATTERN OF HER-2 EXPRESSION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LOW HER-2 EXPRESSION IN IHC SAMPLES OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CANCER HOSPITAL HCG AHMEDABAD
Authors: Vekariya Ruta , Kanhere Shubhada
Published: September 2024

Background: Breast cancer is the 2nd most common cancer worldwide and number one cancer in women. As per American Society of Clinical Oncology 2018 guidelines, HER2 classification is binary HER2 positive and HER2 negative. DESTINY-Breast04 trial (2022), the FDA expanded the approval of the HER2 antibody-drug conjugate (T-Dxd) from metastatic breast cancer patients with HER2 protein over-expression/amplification, to also include metastatic patients with HER2 IHC 1+ or 2+ & ISH negative results. This clinical trial adopted a new terminology, HER2 Low, which successfully prolonged both progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Material and Method: A descriptive and retrospective analysis was performed, including all patients diagnosed with Invasive breast cancer in HCG cancer Centre, Ahmedabad- Triesta Laboratory between 1st July 2022 to 31st June 2023. Total of 395 patients of both genders were studied. All those individuals who were diagnosed with Invasive breast carcinoma according to WHO and CAP guideline by H&E, IHC and FISH test were included in our study and those with missing data were excluded from our study. Result: This was a descriptive and retrospective study where 395 cases were diagnosed as breast cancer. HER2 low pattern was found commonly in 4th and 6th decades of life. In our study, out of 395 cases, 34.9% (n = 138) were HER2-negative, 39.5% (n = 156) were HER2-low, and 25.6% (n = 101) were HER2-positive. Among 156 HER2-low cases, 15.4% (24/156) cases were hormone negative, and 84.6% (132/156) cases were hormone positive. Conclusion: We observed that approximately 40 % of the cases were recategorized to be HER2 low which were classified HER2 negative according to old guidelines. Approximately 84% cases of HER2 low group were hormone positive. With the development of novel ADCs and other targeted agents, the treatment strategies for HER2-low breast cancer are expanding, and hence detecting low expression levels of HER2 is important.
Thermal sum accumulated in development stages of tomato crop for industrial processing
Authors: Knapp Fábio Miguel , Júnior José Alves , Battisti Rafael , Bezerra Ricardo Souza , Evangelista Adão Wagner Pêgo , Casaroli Derblai , Almeida Fillipe de Paula
Published: September 2024

Tomato crop for industrial processing is very sensitive to weather variations. Therefore, the objective of this research was to quantify the duration (days and thermal sum) of each developmental stage of different hybrids in two different planting date. For this, 12 commercial hybrids were evaluated: H-1301, BS-P0033, CVR-8161, HM-7885, CVR-6116, HM-7883, H-1536, CVR-2909, TPX-26856, CVR-8126, CTI-35 and N-901, in Abadia de Goiás, Brazil, planted on 03/31/2020 and 05/26/2020. Experimental area with 3,120 m2, 4 blocks with 12 experimental plots each (12 hybrids), and each plot, formed by 3 double planting lines of 10 m, spaced 0.6 m x 1.2 m, with plants every 0.37 m, totaling 27 plants per line and 162 plants per plot. Plant phenology was monitored daily: phase I (planting to set), phase II (set to flowering), phase III (flowering to beginning of maturation) and phase IV (IVa beginning of maturation up to 50% of mature fruits and phase IVb (from 50% to 90% of mature fruits). The results show, on average of all hybrids, thermal sum of 1,394 and 1,364 oC obtained in 124.6 and 116.1 days of cycle, in first and second cycle, respectively. In first cycle, there was a difference in thermal sum between the hybrids in stage IV and in total cycle, which hybrids BS-P0033, CVR-8161, HM-7885, HM-7883, CVR-2909 and TPX-26856 accumulated from 81.29 to 112.88 oC in 6 to 9.3 days to complete maturation, while other hybrids accumulated from 122.85 to 148.11 oC in 10.3 to 13 days. The hybrids BS-P0033, CVR-8161, HM-7885 and HM-7883 had a shorter total cycle duration from 1,334.21 to 1,379.98 oC (119 to 123 days), while other hybrids variated of 1,391.45 to 1,437.05 oC (124.3 to 129 days). The stages of setting, vegetative and beginning of maturation up to 50% of ripe fruits, showed variation in thermal sum and duration of phase, depending on planting date. For the first cycle, the duration of average vegetative stage was 21.7% longer, accumulating 34.1% more oC, compared to the second cycle, providing greater plant height (43.8%) and higher productivity (19.8%). This shows that is need to change irrigation management strategy between transplanting date and crop development stages, making irrigation adjustments by thermal sum and not by number of days for development stage.
Editorial
Authors: Londoño Adriana
Published: September 2024

La revista Criterios. Cuadernos de Ciencias Jurídicas y Política Internacional, es una publicación que se viene adaptando a los cambios que el mundo de las revistas científicas impone, por lo que ha adoptado medidas indispensables para avanzar en el camino hacia la indexación en bases de datos internacionales
De las armas a las urnas: proceso de paz en el salvador. Aportes para el análisis del caso colombiano 1982-2010
Authors: Moreno José David
Published: September 2024

El presente artículo realiza en un primer momento una descripción de los eventos que contribuyeron a la configuración del conflicto armado en El Salvador a lo largo del siglo xx. De igual forma se analizan tanto la construcción del proceso de paz así como el periodo de posconflicto. Posteriormente se hace un esbozo de la situación colombiana alrededor de los diversos esfuerzos por llegar a la paz, por medio de un acuerdo entre el Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional y el Gobierno salvadoreño. Finalmente, se hace un análisis prospectivo y comparativo apoyándonos en los aportes y las múltiples experiencias del caso salvadoreño, a partir de entrevistas con Salvador Samayoa, representante del Frente en las negociaciones y Óscar Santamaría, representante del Gobierno Cristiani. La experiencia del país centroamericano ofrece un número significativo de enseñanzas que Colombia debería tener muy en cuenta. De allí la importancia de tener presente todas las etapas vividas por El Salvador y de esa forma apreciar la aplicabilidad al caso colombiano partiendo del principio de que la paz es un punto de partida antes que ser un punto de llegada. Entendiendo igualmente que la paz se construye y en esa construcción participan todas las fuerzas sociales de la nación.
La trata de personas: un delito de importancia internacional
Authors: Guerrero Veloza Juan Pablo
Published: September 2024

El delito de trata de personas es un problema en la comunidad internacional. Se han intentado reprimir y penalizar a los individuos que incurren en las conductas que lo materializan. A pesar de las medidas adoptadas por los Estados, este delito sigue manifestándo se abruptamente dentro de la sociedad. Este documento pretende explicar el delito de trata de personas, por esto se parte de la regulación internacional para llegar a la regulación jurídica Colombiana; se expone cómo las organizaciones criminales operan ilegalmente en torno a injustos como la trata, y, por último, se enuncian algunas de las organizaciones e instituciones que la combaten.
Los derechos lingüísticos y la administración de justicia
Authors: Carreño Corpus Noemi
Published: September 2024

La protección de las lenguas de grupos étnicos en Colombia tie- ne fundamento en los artículos 7, 8 y 10 de la Constitución Política, además de las obligaciones adquiridas en virtud de instrumentos internacionales. El derecho al uso del lenguaje es de la mayor rele- vancia, en tanto que permite al ser humano expresar realidades y de- sarrollarse de la manera más amplia posible, además de ser indispen- sable para el ejercicio de derechos fundamentales como la libertad de expresión, libertad de información y de opinión, libertad de religión, entre otros. Ello explica la importancia de la protección del lenguaje como sistema de comunicación y la necesidad de evitar que existan barreras lingüísticas. En ese orden, resulta importante estudiar si el reconocimiento y protección de las lenguas, en una nación mul- tilingüe como la colombiana, se materializa en la Administración de Justicia. Para ello, se hace una distinción entre el derecho al uso de una lengua minoritaria en el sistema judicial como una manera de protección de derechos culturales y el hecho de proveer servicios de intérpretes a los no hablantes de la lengua mayoritaria con el fin de garantizar el debido proceso, lo que explicita que son niveles de protección diferentes.
Identifying Key Determinants of Civil Society Robustness in Southeast Asia
Authors: Amrullah Maulana
Published: September 2024

The research examines the key determinants of civil society robustness in Southeast Asia, addressing a significant gap in quantitative research within the region. Utilizing the beta regression model on data spanning from 1986 to 2023, the researcher explores the impact of participatory democracy, civil liberty, political stability, the rule of law, and neopatrimonialism on civil society’s robustness. Moderating effects of GDP per capita, control of corruption, freedom of expression, and digital freedom accessibility are also considered. Findings reveal that participatory democracy and civil liberties significantly enhance civil society’s robustness, whereas political instability tends to undermine it. Surprisingly, neopatrimonialism shows a positive influence, suggesting complex adaptive strategies by civil organizations. Along with the insignificant result of the rule of law, neopatrimonialism challenges conventional views, standing out among the variables analyzed. The research contributes to understanding the multifaceted dynamics of civil society in Southeast Asia, offering insights for policymakers and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) to foster democratic governance and social justice. It underscores the necessity for region-specific strategies acknowledging the unique political, economic, and cultural landscapes of Southeast Asian countries.
Neoclassicism with a British Accent: Edwardian and Georgian Reflections in Russian Architecture of the 1900s–1910s
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Pechenkin Ilya E.
Published: September 2024

The article is dedicated to one of the stylistic trends of architecture of the Russian Empire in the early decades of the 20th century, namely neoclassics. The repertoire of classical architecture as such is cosmopolitan, but the very idea of arousing the classics at the beginning of the last century, marked by the appearance of Art Nouveau and the beginnings of modernism, turned out to be equally close to Great Britain in the Edwardian era and Russia during the time of the last emperor. This unanimity in the rejection of stylistic innovations is interesting as a phenomenon and undoubtedly deserves special study. At this stage, it can be stated that in Russian neoclassicism there was also a place for Anglomania, which was expressed, however, not in formal echoes of the Edwardian style, but in an interest in the history of the British classical tradition (primarily, the architecture of the Georgian era). The Edwardian idea of reviving the noble style of the past was embodied in Russia both in direct appeals to the legacy of Charles Cameron, who, serving the order of Catherine the Great, was an agent of Georgian architecture, and in an appeal to English scholars, who provided rich material on ancient Roman archaeology. The English influence in Russian neoclassicism is traced in the article from the very beginning (i. e. the moment when the Mansion of the Racing Society in Moscow, considered the first building of this stylistic movement, was designed by Ivan Zholtovsky in 1903) through the programmatic “Cameron-style” architecture of the Prince Sergey Shcherbatov’s house in the same place, created by Alexander Tamanyan, to those “Georgian” apartments inside the Palace on the Moika river embankment that were designed by Andrey Beloborodov for Prince Felix Yusupov, one of the most famous Anglomaniacs of St. Petersburg. “Georgian” reflections are also found in the Moscow mansion of Gavriil Tarasov built by Zholtovsky. Its exterior contains some references not only to Palladio’s Palazzo Thiene (Vicenza), but also to London’s Burlington House designed by Colen Campbell. Thus, the British “accent” in Russian neoclassicism of the 1900s–1910s sounds no less obvious than the Italian one.
Assessment of groundwater quality and its vulnerability for safe drinking purpose
Authors: Raheja Hemant , Goel Arun , Pal Mahesh
Published: September 2024

Groundwater is a main resource of drinking water in several parts of India. Its degradation poses a significant risk to water availability and human health, highlighting the importance of regularly evaluating groundwater quality in these regions. Thus, the significant aim of this study is to examine and map groundwater quality and its vulnerability for drinking purposes using the EWQI, PIG, and GOD methods. The quality of groundwater in the study area is found to be generally alkaline in nature. More than 20% of samples exceeded the desirable limit of TH. Correlations of major ions revealed that groundwater samples were distributed in the areas of silicate weathering and dolomite dissolution. The EWQI values vary from 33.74 to 62.22, with an average value of 41.54. The spatial distribution diagrams of hydrochemical parameters and EWQI represent poor water quality in southern and southern-western areas. The PIG ranged from 0.49 to 0.84, with an average value of 0.59. Moreover, the GOD method indicates that the southern part of the region has moderate vulnerability and demonstrates that groundwater level is the significant factor for the calculation of groundwater vulnerability.
Using a Dual-Disease Target Mapping Network Pharmacology Approach, Verbascoside Ameliorates Osteoporosis by Activating Estrogen Signaling
to Alleviate Oxidative Stress
Authors: Wu Peitong , Lv Qingguo , Wang Shuo , Feng Xueqin , Zhang Kaiyue , Li Chunnan , Li Yishan , Gao Xiaochen , Sun Jiaming
Published: September 2024

Background:

Verbascoside, a compound classified as a phenylethanol glycoside in
Dihuang, has been the subject of modern pharmacological investigations. These studies have revealed
its noteworthy antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, memory-enhancing, neuroprotective, antitumor,
and various other pharmacological properties. While verbascoside exhibits favorable antioxidant
effects, its precise mechanism of action in ameliorating osteoporosis through the treatment
of oxidative stress remains unclear.

Methods:

This study employed CCK8, ALP, ELISA, and ROS staining techniques to examine
the osteoporotic effects of verbascoside on zebrafish and MC3T3-E1 cells. Additionally, this
study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which verbascoside improves osteoporosis
by mitigating oxidative stress. To identify the common targets of verbascoside in relation to
oxidative stress and osteoporosis, network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation
were employed. The construction of the verbascoside - oxidative stress - osteoporosis - potential
target gene network aimed to identify the core targets, while the mechanism of action was elucidated
through KEGG analysis, and the accuracy was confirmed by assessing the mRNA expression
of the targets.

Results:

In vivo experiments demonstrated that verbascoside exhibited therapeutic effects on osteoporosis
and reduced ROS production in zebrafish. In vitro experiments further revealed that
verbascoside enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, thereby improving
the oxidative stress status of osteoblasts. Thirteen core targets and estrogen signaling pathways
were identified through the application of network pharmacology. The pivotal role of the
estrogen signaling pathway in facilitating the ability of verbascoside to mitigate oxidative stressinduced
osteoporosis was substantiated by the modulation of target protein mRNA expression.

Conclusion:

The findings underscore the considerable therapeutic potential of verbascoside in
ameliorating osteoporosis through the alleviation of oxidative stress, thus establishing it as a
promising compound for the treatment of this condition.

other:

Verbascoside, a phenylethanol glycoside found in nature, exhibits notable biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant properties.
Exploring the Mechanism of Modified Zexie Decoction Against Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and
Experimental Validation
Authors: Shi Pengyan , Chen Xiaoying , Cao Jiangtao , Feng Zhe , Xue Boyu
Published: September 2024

Introduction/Objective:

The incidence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease
(MAFLD) increases annually. Modified Zexie Decoction (MZXD) can treat this disease; however,
their mechanisms of action are uncertain. This study evaluated the mechanisms of MZXD
against MAFLD based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo experiments.

Methods:

The main active compounds, targets and signaling pathways of MZXD against
MAFLD were obtained using network pharmacological analysis. Underlying mechanisms were
validated by molecular docking and in vivo assays.

Results:

Forty-one active ingredients and 197 intersection targets were identified. The main active
ingredients include quercetin, luteolin, isorhamnetin, 3-methylhexane, and 3β-
acetoxyatractylone. The main targets were TP53, JUN, HSP90AA1, MAPK1, MAPK3, AKT1,
NF-κB p65, TNF, ESR1, FOS, and IL-6. The pathway enrichment analysis indicated that MZXD
was related to the IL-17, TNF, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Molecular docking suggested
that these active ingredients bound strongly to TNF, IL-6, and NF-κB p65, which are integral
components of the TNF pathway. In the rat MAFLD model, MZXD attenuated high-fat diet(
HFD)-induced liver injury and lipid accumulation, decreased the serum levels of the inflammatory
mediators TNF-α, IL6, and IL-1β, and inhibited the protein expression of TNF-α, IL6, p-
IKB-α and p-NF-κB p65. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry results showed that MZXD attenuated
the F4/80 staining intensity of the liver compared with the model group.

Conclusion:

Collectively, our results suggested that MZXD could improve MAFLD by downregulating
TNF/NF-κB signaling mediated macrophage activation.
Proteogenomic Identification and Analysis of KIF5B as a Prognostic Signature for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Qi Lishuang , Tan Yilong , Zhou Yunfei , Dong Yihong , Yang Xun , Chang Shuyuan , Yu Lei , Liu Dabin
Published: September 2024

Background:

Metabolic disorders are significant risk factors for liver cancer, particularly
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular genetic basis of metabolic reprogramming
in the liver remains largely uncertain.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate some novel prognostic biomarkers in HCC by using
proteogenomic and transcriptomic analysis and explore the potential role of specific prognostic
genes in HCC.

Methods:

Here, we have presented a proteogenomic analysis of 10 pairs of HCC. Protein co-expression
and pathway analysis were performed to investigate the biological characteristics of
HCC. Protein and mRNA expression profiles of multi-cohorts were integrated to detect novel
prognostic protein markers of HCC. The carcinogenic roles of candidate prognostic markers were
further evaluated by MTS assay, colony formation, monolayer wound healing assay, and xenograft
models.

Results:

A total of 2086 proteins with significantly different expressions were detected in HCC.
Pathways related to oncogenic signaling and insulin-related metabolism have been found to be dysregulated
and differentially regulated in HCC. We have identified the novel prognostic biomarkers,
KIF5B, involved in liver metabolic reprogramming. The biomarkers were identified using
multivariable COX regression analysis from two independent proteomic datasets (Fudan Cohort
and our recruited cohort) and the TCGA mRNA database. Both the protein and mRNA up-regulation
of KIF5B have been found to be associated with a poor clinical outcome in HCC. Insulin activated
the protein expression of KIF5B in HCC. Knocking out KIF5B expression by sgRNA decreased
the protein expression of FASN and SCD1 and the intracellular triglyceride concentration.
Silencing KIF5B suppressed HCC cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro, as well as HCC
growth in xenograft models.

Conclusion:

Our findings have suggested KIF5B protein to function as a novel prognostic biomarker
in HCC. KIF5B expression has been found to activate the AKT/mTOR pathway and reprogram
triglyceride metabolism, leading to HCC development. Targeting KIF5B may be an effective
strategy in the clinical treatment of HCC.
Reviewing the Synthesis and Clinical Application of FDA-approved Anticancer Medications
Authors: Johariya Varsha , Sharma Shikha , Mali Suraj N. , Banik Bimal Krishna
Published: September 2024

:

Cancer is a disease that affects people of all ages, socioeconomic backgrounds, genders,
and demographics. It places a significant burden not just on those who are diagnosed but also
on their families and communities. Targeted therapeutic medications have surpassed more conventional
forms of chemotherapy in terms of both their effectiveness and safety, which leads to
their rapid ascent to the forefront of cancer treatment. A growing number of small molecules have
been created for the treatment of cancer, and several of these drugs have been approved to be sold
in the market by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States. Small molecule targeted
anticancer therapies have made significant progress in recent years, yet they continue to struggle
with a number of obstacles, including a low response rate and drug resistance. We have carried
out an exhaustive study on approved small-molecule targeted anticancer medications, as well as
important drug candidates. This review describes the significance of approved anticancer drugs
from 2021 to 2024, clinically active anticancer drugs, and the methods used for their synthesis.
Pharmacological Strategies and Surgical Management of Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus Following Germinal Matrix-Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants
Authors: Yang Zhao , Luo Tian Tian , Dai Ya-Lan , Duan Han-Xiao , Chong Cheong-Meng , Tang Jun
Published: September 2024

Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is a detrimental neurological complication
that occurs in preterm infants, especially in babies born before 32 weeks of gestation and in
those with a very low birth weight. GM-IVH is defined as a rupture of the immature and fragile capillaries
located in the subependymal germinal matrix zone of the preterm infant brain, and it can lead to
detrimental neurological sequelae such as posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), cerebral palsy, and
other cognitive impairments. PHH following GM-IVH is difficult to treat in the clinic, and no levelone
strategies have been recommended to pediatric neurosurgeons. Several cellular and molecular
mechanisms of PHH following GM-IVH have been studied in animal models, but no effective pharmacological
strategies have been used in the clinic. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of molecular
mechanisms, potential pharmacological strategies, and surgical management of PHH is urgently needed.
The present review presents a synopsis of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and cellular and molecular
mechanisms of PHH following GM-IVH and explores pharmacological strategies and surgical management.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Umkm
Authors: Suswanda Yoana Kresentia , Purwanti Lilik
Published: September 2024

This study examines and analyses the factors that influence the quality of financial reports on MSMEs in South Jakarta City. These factors are education level, understanding of accounting, business size, length of business, and accounting training. This type of quantitative descriptive research with a sample of 68 SMEs. This study uses primary data obtained through a questionnaire. Data Analysis used SPSS version 25 software. The results showed that the variables of accounting understanding, length of business, and accounting training positively affected the quality of financial reports in MSMEs in South Jakarta City. In contrast, education level and business size did not have a positive effect, which means that the level of education and the size of the business have no effect on the quality. Financial statements.
Abstrak
Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas laporan keuangan pada UMKM di Kota Jakarta Selatan. Faktor-faktor tersebut yaitu jenjang pendidikan, pemahaman akuntansi, ukuran usaha, lama usaha, dan pelatihan akuntansi. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan sampel sebanyak 68 UMKM. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan software SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pemahaman akuntansi, lama usaha, dan pelatihan akuntansi berpengaruh positif terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pada UMKM di Kota Jakarta Selatan, sedangkan jenjang pendidikan dan ukuran usaha tidak berpengaruh positif yang berarti tinggi rendahnya pendidikan dan besar kecilnya usaha tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan.
Tax Avoidance Practice: Political Connection, Firm Characteristics and Audit Quality Test at Healthcare Industry In Indonesia
Authors: Nabila Ika Putri  , Rusydi Mohammad Khoiru
Published: September 2024

This study examines the influence of Political Connections, Firm Characteristics, and Audit Quality on Tax Avoidance practices in the Healthcare Industry in Indonesia. Using the data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange’s website (IDX), the data collected for research amounted to 45 data in each variable during 2019-2021. The data processing of the research was carried out with Microsoft Excel 2016 and PASW Statistic 18 Software to accelerate the result that could explain the variable in this research using the econometric analysis method. This research shows connections between tax avoidance, political connections, firm characteristics, and audit quality. Increasing audit quality will significantly reduce the tax avoidance ratio in health sector firms during 2019-2021, while other variables don’t have a significant connection with tax avoidance practice.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh Koneksi Politik, Karakteristik Perusahaan, dan Kualitas Audit terhadap Praktik Penghindaran Pajak pada Industri Kesehatan di Indonesia. Menggunakan data dari situs Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI), data yang dikumpulkan untuk penelitian berjumlah 45 data dalam setiap variable selama periode tahun 2019-2021. Pengolahan data penelitian dilakukan dengan Microsoft Excel 2016 dan Software PASW Statistics 18 untuk mempercepat hasil yang dapat menjelaskan variable dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode analisis ekonometrika. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara penghindaran pajak dengan koneksi politik, karakteristik perusahaan, dan kualitas audit. Meningkatnya kualitas audit secara signifikan mengurangi perilaku penghindaran pajak pada sektor kesehatan selama 2019-2021. Sementara itu, variable lain tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh Koneksi Politik, Karakteristik Perusahaan, dan Kualitas Audit terhadap Praktik Penghindaran Pajak pada Industri Kesehatan di Indonesia. Menggunakan data dari situs Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI), data yang dikumpulkan untuk penelitian berjumlah 45 data dalam setiap variable selama periode tahun 2019-2021. Pengolahan data penelitian dilakukan dengan Microsoft Excel 2016 dan Software PASW Statistics 18 untuk mempercepat hasil yang dapat menjelaskan variable dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode analisis ekonometrika. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara penghindaran pajak dengan koneksi politik, karakteristik perusahaan, dan kualitas audit. Meningkatnya kualitas audit secara signifikan mengurangi perilaku penghindaran pajak pada sektor kesehatan selama 2019-2021. Sementara itu, variable lain tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan.
Prevention of Recurrent Spontaneous Preterm Delivery Using Probiotics (Clostridium butyricum, Enterococcus faecium, and Bacillus subtilis; PPP Trial): Protocol for a Prospective, Single-Arm, Nonblinded, Multicenter Trial
Authors: Yoneda Satoshi , Kobayashi Tohru , Kikuchi Kayoko , Iwamoto Shintaro , Teramoto Tsuyoshi , Chujo Daisuke , Otsuki Katsufumi , Nakai Akihito , Saito Shigeru
Published: September 2024

Background

The rate of recurrent spontaneous preterm delivery (sPTD) ranges between 27% and 34% and is 22.3% in Japan. Although it currently remains unclear whether probiotics prevent sPTD, retrospective studies recently reported a reduction in the rate of recurrent sPTD with the administration of probiotics including Clostridium spp., which induce regulatory T cells that play an important role in maintaining pregnancy.

Objective

The objective of this trial is to evaluate the preventative effects of available oral probiotics, including Clostridium butyricum, on recurrent sPTD.

Methods

This is a prospective, single-arm, nonblinded, multicenter trial in Japan. The sample size required for this trial is 345 pregnant women with a history of sPTD, considering a clinically significant reduction in the relative risk of 30% (risk ratio=0.7). The primary endpoint is the rate of recurrent sPTD at <37 weeks of gestation. The secondary endpoints are the rate of sPTD at <34 weeks of gestation, the rate of recurrent sPTD at <28 weeks of gestation, the ratio of intestinal Clostridium spp. (detected by next-generation sequencing), and bacterial vaginosis (using the Nugent score).

Results

The trial procedures were approved by the Clinical Research Review Board of Toyama University Hospital (SCR2020008) on March 31, 2021. The trial was registered on the Japan Registry of Clinical Trial website on April 28, 2021. Recruitment began on May 1, 2021, and the trial is estimated to finish on March 31, 2025.

Conclusions

The findings will clarify the rate of recurrent sPTD following probiotic administration including Clostridium butyricum. Outcomes from this trial will inform clinical practice and guide future randomized controlled trials.

Trial Registration

Japan Registry of Clinical Trials jRCTs041210014; https://jrct.niph.go.jp/latest-detail/jRCTs041210014

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/59928
Research Into Digital Health Intervention for Mental Health: 25-Year Retrospective on the Ethical and Legal Challenges (Preprint)
Authors: Hall Charlotte L , Gómez Bergin Aislinn D , Rennick-Egglestone Stefan
Published: September 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Digital mental health interventions are routinely integrated into mental health services internationally and can contribute to reducing the global mental health treatment gap identified by the World Health Organization. Research teams designing and delivering evaluations frequently invest substantial effort in deliberating on ethical and legal challenges around digital mental health interventions. In this article, we reflect on our own research experience with digital mental health intervention design and evaluation to identify 8 of the most critical challenges that we or others have faced, and that have ethical or legal consequences. These include: (1) harm caused by online recruitment work; (2) monitoring of intervention safety; (3) exclusion of specific demographic or clinical groups; (4) inadequate robustness of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness findings; (5) adequately conceptualizing and supporting engagement and adherence; (6) structural barriers to implementation; (7) data protection and intellectual property; and (8) regulatory ambiguity relating to digital mental health interventions that are medical devices. As we describe these challenges, we have highlighted serious consequences that can or have occurred, such as substantial delays to studies if regulations around Software as a Medical Device (SaMD) are not fully understood, or if regulations change substantially during the study lifecycle. Collectively, the challenges we have identified highlight a substantial body of required knowledge and expertise, either within the team or through access to external experts. Ensuring access to knowledge requires careful planning and adequate financial resources (for example, paying public contributors to engage in debate on critical ethical issues or paying for legal opinions on regulatory issues). Access to such resources can be planned for on a per-study basis and enabled through funding proposals. However, organizations regularly engaged in the development and evaluation of digital mental health interventions should consider creating or supporting structures such as advisory groups that can retain necessary competencies, such as in medical device regulation.