bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of an AC-Electro-Osmosis Based Microfluidic Mixer
Authors: Uslu H. Dilara , Canpolat Çetin , Çetin Barbaros
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study is presenting an active micro-mixer, which is based on AC electro-osmotic flow driven on 3D micro wires. In order to solve governing equations of AC electroosmosis, a commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics® is implemented. Different wire configurations with various imposed electric fields and flow rates are tested for evaluating mixing efficiencies. The analyses show that mixing performance is significantly improved by number of the wires as well as wire orientation. It is also revealed that the degree of mixing can also be controlled by the tuning of the applied voltage for a given flow rate.
Seebeck Calorimeter for the Characterization of Highly Exothermic Reactions in a Microreactor Made From PVDF-Foils
Authors: Reichmann Felix , Millhoff Stefan , Jirmann Yannick , Kockmann Norbert
Published: November 2017

Reaction calorimetry is one of the most important steps in designing chemical reactors. This contribution describes a continuously operated micro calorimeter using Seebeck elements for microreactors made of PVDF-foils. Seebeck elements allow for local and temporal resolution of heat flux profiles. Various calibration methods for the Seebeck effect based heat flux sensors are presented. Here, the direct correlation between measured thermoelectric voltage and heat flux is found to be the most promising one. Commissioning of the calorimeter and validation of its performance are done by means of heat transfer measurement of warm water and an acid base reaction. Obtained reaction enthalpy values of the neutralization reaction of acetic acid and sodium hydroxide agree very well with literature data. The progression of the reaction can be followed optically using phenolphthalein as color indicator and can be compared to measured data. Heat profiles over the course of the microreactor were shown and checked for consistency. Consequently, this approach helps to characterize reactors and aids reactor development.
Investigation of Bubble Breakup in Laminar, Transient, and Turbulent Regime Behind Micronozzles
Authors: Reichmann Felix , Koch Moritz-Julian , Kockmann Norbert
Published: November 2017

Gas-liquid flow in microchannels has drawn much attention in the last years in research fields of analytics and applications such as oxidations or hydrogenations. High interfacial area leads to increased mass transfer and intensified reactions. Since surface forces are increasingly important on small scale, bubble coalescence is detrimental and leads to Taylor bubble flow in microchannels. To overcome this limitation, we have investigated the gas-liquid flow through nozzles and particularly the bubble breakup behind the nozzle. Two different regimes of bubble breakup were identified, laminar and turbulent with different mechanisms. Although turbulent breakup is not common in microchannels, its mechanisms were studied for the first time and can give new insight for two-phase flow mechanisms.
Influence of Surface Roughness and Wettability on Oil-Water Flow Regimes in Circular Glass and Stainless Steel Mini-Channels
Authors: Bultongez Kevin K. , Riley G. A. , Derby Melanie M.
Published: November 2017

The present study investigates the effects of tube roughness and wettability on oil-water flow regimes in mini channels. The tube material examined included borosilicate glass (i.e., e = 0.1 μm) and stainless steel (i.e., e = 5 μm). Flow patterns and pressure drop were measured and presented for different combinations of oil and water superficial velocities, 0.28–3.36 m/s and 0.07–5 m/s, respectively. Stratified, annular, intermittent, and dispersed flow regimes were observed in all tubes and between tubes, many similarities in flow regime emerged. Tube wettability affected flow regime and flow transition from stratified to annular and intermittent flows. Surface roughness had an observable effect overall flow regime and particularly on pressure drop measurements as stainless steel recorded higher pressure drops.
The Leidenfrost Phenomenon on Sub-Micron Tapered Pillars
Authors: Auliano Manuel , Fernandino Maria , Zhang Peng , Dorao Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2017

In this paper, the effect of Si sub-micron tapered pillars on the Leidenfrost point of water droplets at different impact velocities is presented. In the Leidenfrost regime, the low thermal conductivity of the vapor layer deteriorates the heat transfer performance. Micro and nanostructured surfaces can significantly shift the Leidenfrost point towards higher temperatures. To determine this point, the droplet lifetime method was employed. The cooling performance was discussed in terms of the droplet evaporation time and the Weber number. It was observed that Si sub-micron tapered pillars can shift the Leidenfrost point for all the Weber numbers investigated (1–60). The displacement of the Leidenfrost point is enhanced by increasing the droplet impact velocity.
Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Pressure Drop of Water Flow in Carbon Nanotube in Presence of Two Reservoirs and Movable Pistons
Authors: Esmaeilzadeh Hamed , Su Junwei , Charmchi Majid , Sun Hongwei
Published: November 2017

There has been a rapidly increasing attention to study nanofluidic devices due to their broad potential applications such as water desalination and purification, biosensing and energy saving. CNTs are often used to achieve the transport of gases and liquids in the ultrafiltration devices and energy efficient water filters. In this study, the water flow inside a CNT which is connected by two reservoirs at the two ends of nanotube is investigated. Two movable wall pistons of graphene are used to drive the water molecules through the CNT. Our results show that the velocity profile in the nanotube is similar to a plug flow instead of a fully developed flow and a large pressure difference is required between two reservoirs to drive the water flow in the system. Also, the local pressure distribution and mass flow rate in the CNT is analyzed in details.
Zooming in: Social work supervisors using online supervision
Authors: Rushton Jason , Hutchings Jo , Shepherd Karen , Douglas Jude
Published: November 2017

A group of geographically dispersed social work practitioners who provide professional supervision responded to an invitation put out through the Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers (ANZASW) networks to be part of an online group in late 2015. Seven members committed to meeting for one hour every eight weeks using the online meeting platform, ZoomTM. This viewpoint provides an opportunity to share our experience of the development and process of this group, with its potential for ensuring a safe reflective space and ongoing professional development.
Critical conversations: Social workers’ perceptions of the use of a closed Facebook group as a participatory professional space
Authors: Stanfield Deb , Beddoe Liz , Ballantyne Neil , Lowe Simon , Renata Nicole
Published: November 2017

INTRODUCTION: The rise of social media has been associated with rapid growth in different forms of digital networking, debate and activism. Many studies have traced the role of social media in mobilising people to take action on shared issues of concern across the world. Yet, while networked public spaces offer many possibilities for professional engagement and interaction, the technology also shapes social dynamics, raising questions over professional boundaries and the nature of online behaviour.METHOD: The development of a closed professional group on the social networking site, Facebook, provided an ideal opportunity to explore social workers’ perceptions of participatory public space for professional deliberation and debate about public issues. Using a small-scale, case-study approach, group members were invited to complete an online survey and to participate in an interview which explored participants’ motivation for joining the group, the frequency and nature of their contributions, how it felt to be a member and what they valued or found problematic about the group.FINDINGS:  Those group members benefitted from the resources, research and professional development opportunities afforded to them and supported the professional potential and promise of social networking sites. They grappled with what constitutes ethical online behaviour and identified the site’s limitations and strengths as a place to promote robust professional dialogue on social issues. IMPLICATIONS: Analysis of social workers’ experience within participatory public spaces offers insight into how the profession can develop modern communication strategies and strong communities of practice in line with its professional principles and mandate.
Making the connections: A practice model for reflective supervision
Authors: Rankine Matt
Published: November 2017

INTRODUCTION: Over several decades, social work in Aotearoa New Zealand has undergone major alterations in service delivery in response to the management of risk and surveillance of practice within the neoliberal government agenda. Working in such an environment, social workers struggle to critically explore their position and professionally develop their practice. To support current professional practice in social work, reflective supervision has become a necessity for analysing and amplifying positive practice outcomes that benefit practitioners and service users. METHOD: A four-layered practice model of reflective supervision has been developed by the researcher from a theoretical analysis of a study involving key informant and supervisory dyads. The purpose of the reflective supervision model is to support the agenda, task and process in the supervisory relationship towards critical reflection of practice. FINDINGS: The four-layered practice model highlights the interrelationship between the social worker, the organisation, relationships with others, and the systemic contexts where practice occurs. The supervisee and supervisor have vital roles in order for reflection to occur in each supervision session.CONCLUSIONS: Reflective supervision is seen as a co-constructed partnership between the supervisor and supervisee and the four-layered practice model assists in providing a structure for the session. The four-layered model supports critical thinking in the socio-political and socio-cultural environment, promotes social justice strategies and has versatility within a number of practice settings.
Critical supervision for the human services: A social model to promote learning and value-based practice
Authors: Noble Carolyn , Grey Mel , Johnston Lou
Published: November 2017

Reviewed by Allyson Davys
Community justice in Australia: Developing knowledge, skills and values for working with offenders in the community
Authors: Stout Brian
Published: November 2017

Reviewed by Steve Kirkwood
Dynamic temporal behaviour of the keyboard action on the Hammond organ and its perceptual significance
Authors: Moro Giulio , McPherson Andrew P. , Sandler Mark B.
Published: November 2017

The Hammond organ is one of earliest electronic instruments and is still used widely in contemporary popular music. One of its main sonic features is the “key-click,” a transient that occurs upon note onset, caused by the mechanical bouncing of the nine electric contacts actuated during each key press. A study of the dynamic mechanical behaviour of the contact bounces is presented, showing that the velocity, the type of touch and, more in general, the temporal evolution of the key position, all affect different characteristics of the contact bounces. A second study focuses on the listener's perception of the generated sound and finds that listeners can classify sounds produced on the Hammond organ according to the type of touch and velocity used. It is concluded that the Hammond organ is a touch-responsive instrument and that the gesture used to produce a note affects the generated sound across multiple dimensions. The control available at the fingertips of the musician is therefore such that it cannot be easily reduced to a single scalar velocity parameter, as is common practice in modern digital emulations of the instrument.
Acoustic realization of Mandarin neutral tone and tone sandhi in infant-directed speech and Lombard speech
Authors: Tang Ping , Xu Rattanasone Nan , Yuen Ivan , Demuth Katherine
Published: November 2017

Mandarin lexical tones are modified in both infant-directed speech (IDS) and Lombard speech, resulting in tone hyperarticulation. However, it is unclear if these registers also alter contextual tones (neutral tone and tone sandhi) and if such phonetic modification might affect acquisition of these tones. This study therefore examined how neutral tone and tone sandhi are realized in IDS, and how their acoustic manifestations compare with those in Lombard speech, where the communicative needs of listeners differ. Neutral tone and tone sandhi productions were elicited from 15 Mandarin-speaking mothers during (1) interactions with their 12-month-old infants (IDS), (2) in conversation with a Mandarin-speaking adult in a noisy environment (Lombard speech), and (3) in conversation with a Mandarin-speaking adult in a quiet environment (adult-directed speech). The results showed that, although both contextual tones were modified in IDS and Lombard speech, their key tone features were maintained. In addition, IDS and Lombard speech modified these tones differently: IDS increased pitch height and modified pitch contour, while Lombard speech increased pitch height only. The realization of neutral tone and tone sandhi across registers is discussed with reference to listeners' different communicative needs.
Genome Sequences of Mycobacteriophages Findley, Hurricane, and TBond007
Authors: Saha Sanghamitra , Yan Wenbo , Washington Jacqueline M. , Davis William B. , Barbazuk W. Brad , Medellin Rosa , Mendez Aissa , Ramos Jacqueline R. , Sadana Rachna , Edmonds Miranda , Feng Guanqiao , Ilyas Maria , Kaiser Joshua , Monroe Stephen J. , Pham Thinh V. , Cresawn Steven G. , Garlena Rebecca A. , Stoner Ty H. , Russell Daniel A. , Pope Welkin H. , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , Hatfull Graham F.
Published: November 2017

We report here the genome sequences of three newly isolated phages that infect
Mycobacterium smegmatis
mc
2
155. Phages Findley, Hurricane, and TBond007 were discovered in geographically distinct locations and are related to cluster K mycobacteriophages, with Findley being similar to subcluster K2 phages and Hurricane and TBond007 being similar to subcluster K3 phages.
Complete Genome Sequence of Indigo-Producing Bacterium
Celeribacter
sp. Strain TSPH2
Authors: Kim Hae-Seon , Cha Sun Ho , Suk Ho Young , Kwon Tae-Hyung , Woo Jung-Hee
Published: November 2017

Celeribacter
sp. strain TSPH2, a novel producer of indigo, was isolated from oil-contaminated sediment. We present here its genome sequence consisting of one circular chromosome (4 Mb) and one plasmid (0.15 Mb), with an overall G+C content of 60.9%. This strain contains oxygenase genes involved in indigo synthesis, such as flavin-containing monooxygenase.
Draft Genome Sequence of Burkholderia contaminans 293K04B, an Endosymbiont of the Sponge-Derived Fungus
Stachylidium bicolor
Authors: Fisch Katja M. , Silva Pereira Cristina , Genilloud Olga , Almeida Celso , Schäberle Till F.
Published: November 2017

Here, we present the draft genome of the endofungal symbiotic bacterium
Burkholderia contaminans
293K04B, isolated from
Stachylidium bicolor
293K04 (Ascomycota). The fungus was originally isolated from the sponge
Callyspongia
cf.
C. flammea
.
S. bicolor
293K04 produces the endolides A-B, bioactive cyclic peptides possibly biosynthesized by its endobacterium
B. contaminans
293K04B.
Draft Genome Sequences of Clinical and Nonclinical Isolates of
Klebsiella
spp. Exhibiting Nonheritable Tolerance toward Antimicrobial Compounds
Authors: Patole Shashank , Mishra Mitali , Mohapatra Harapriya
Published: November 2017

A clinical isolate and a nonclinical isolate of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
were found to exhibit nonheritable tolerance in response to antimicrobial compounds. The draft genome sequences of both isolates are presented here.
Genome Sequence of the Alcelaphine Gammaherpesvirus 1 Attenuated Laboratory Strain WC11
Authors: Ensser Armin
Published: November 2017

The complete genome sequence of the alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AIHV-1) attenuated laboratory strain WC11 was determined from purified virion DNA. The viral light DNA (L-DNA) genome of 127,215 bp is mostly conserved compared to the pathogenic strain C500; however, 3.3 kb is deleted in two regions, affecting 4 of 10 AIHV-1-specific open reading frames.
Draft Genome Sequences of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Strains with Multiple-Antibiotic Resistance, Isolated from Imported Foods
Authors: Khan Ashraf A. , Khajanchi Bijay K. , Khan Sana A. , Elkins Christopher A. , Foley Steven L.
Published: November 2017

We report here the draft genome sequences of 15 ciprofloxacin-resistant
Salmonella enterica
strains with resistance to multiple other antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, β-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, isolated from different imported foods. Three strains (NCTR75, NCTR281, and NCTR350) showed a high level of ciprofloxacin resistance compared to that of the other isolates. The whole-genome sequencing data provide a better understanding of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms and virulence properties of these isolates.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three Border Disease Virus Strains of the Same Subgenotype, BDSwiss, Isolated from Sheep, Cattle, and Pigs in Switzerland
Authors: Stalder Hanspeter , Marti Sabrina , Flückiger Franziska , Renevey Nathalie , Hofmann Martin A. , Schweizer Matthias
Published: November 2017

We report here the complete genome sequences of three border disease virus (BDV) strains of the same subgenotype isolated in Switzerland from a sheep, a cow, and a pig, respectively. This is the first report of full-length sequences of a tentatively new subgenotype isolated from three different species of cloven-hoofed farm animals.
Genome Sequence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus of Serotype O Lineage Ind-2001d Isolated from Cattle in Mongolia in 2015
Authors: Nishi Tatsuya , Ulziibat Gerelmaa , Khanui Buyantogtokh , Myagmarsuren Odonchimeg , Morioka Kazuki , Yamakawa Makoto , Fukai Katsuhiko
Published: November 2017

We report the whole-genome sequence of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) O/MOG/BU/2-7/2015 isolated in Mongolia in 2015. This virus is closely related to isolates identified in Southeast Asia in 2015 and is classified under the O/ME-SA/Ind-2001d lineage. This is the first detection of an FMDV of this lineage in Mongolia.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus, Isolated from Chickens in China in 2016
Authors: Li Ting-Ting , Li Jin-Yan , Huang Tao , Ge Xing-Yi
Published: November 2017

An avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was detected from trachea swabs of chickens in Hubei province, China, in 2016. The complete genome of the IBV strain, CK/CH/HB/2016, was characterized and analyzed to better understand IBV epidemiology in China.
Analysis of unsuccessful intubations in neonates using videolaryngoscopy recordings
Authors: O’Shea Joyce E , Loganathan Prakash , Thio Marta , Kamlin C Omar Farouk , Davis Peter G
Published: November 2017

Objectives

Neonatal intubation is a difficult skill to learn and teach. If an attempt is unsuccessful, the intubator and instructor often cannot explain why. This study aims to review videolaryngoscopy recordings of unsuccessful intubations and explain the reasons why attempts were not successful.

Study design

This is a descriptive study examining videolaryngoscopy recordings obtained from a randomised controlled trial that evaluated if neonatal intubation success rates of inexperienced trainees were superior if they used a videolaryngoscope compared with a laryngoscope. All recorded unsuccessful intubations were included and reviewed independently by two reviewers blinded to study group. Their assessment was correlated with the intubator’s perception as reported in a postintubation questionnaire. The Cormack-Lehane classification system was used for objective assessment of laryngeal view.

Results

Recordings and questionnaires from 45 unsuccessful intubations were included (15 intervention and 30 control). The most common reasons for an unsuccessful attempt were oesophageal intubation and failure to recognise the anatomy. In 36 (80%) of intubations, an intubatable view was achieved but was then either lost, not recognised or there was an apparent inability to correctly direct the endotracheal tube. Suctioning was commonly performed but rarely improved the view.

Conclusions

Lack of intubation success was most commonly due to failure to recognise midline anatomical structures. Trainees need to be taught to recognise the uvula and epiglottis and use these landmarks to guide intubation. Excessive secretions are rarely a factor in elective and premedicated intubations, and routine suctioning should be discouraged. Better blade design may make it easier to direct the tube through the vocal cords.
Traditional Chinese medicine-facilitated treatments may relieve anxiety symptoms during drug switching from methadone to buprenorphine/naloxone for treating opioid dependence
Authors: Yu Kai-Chiang , Wei Han-Ting , Yeh Yuh-Hsiang , Hsu Chung-Hua
Published: November 2017

This study investigated a 51-year-old married man with a history of heroin dependence who underwent methadone maintenance treatment for 7 years. He received traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-facilitated treatments and switched from methadone to buprenorphine/naloxone. Strong anxiety symptoms were observed during the initial stage; therefore, we prescribed a combination of Chaihu-Shugan-San, Zhi Bai Di Huang and Chin-Gin-Kuan-Ming decoction as the major herbal synergic regimen to relieve the symptoms of opioid withdrawal, anxiety and insomnia. During the treatment course, no precipitating withdrawal syndromes were noted, and the subject was gradually relieved of his anxiety symptoms through continual TCM treatments. In conclusion, TCM is effective in facilitating the switch from methadone to buprenorphine/naloxone and relieving anxiety symptoms. Therefore, focus on TCM-facilitated treatments for heroin dependence should be increased.
Protocol for hospital based-surveillance of cerebral palsy (CP) in Hanoi using the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance mechanism (PAEDS-Vietnam): a study towards developing hospital-based disease surveillance in Vietnam
Authors: Khandaker Gulam , Van Bang Nguyen , Dũng Trịnh Quang , Giang Nguyen Thi Huong , Chau Cao Minh , Van Anh Nguyen Thi , Van Thuong Nguyen , Badawi Nadia , Elliott Elizabeth J
Published: November 2017

Introduction

The epidemiology, pathogenesis, management and outcomes of cerebral palsy (CP) in low-income and middle-income countries including Vietnam are unknown because of the lack of mechanisms for standardised collection of data. In this paper, we outline the protocol for developing a hospital-based surveillance system modelled on the Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance (PAEDS) system in Australia. Using PAEDS-Vietnam we will define the aetiology, motor function and its severity, associated impairments, and nutritional and rehabilitation status of children with CP in Hanoi, Vietnam. These essential baseline data will inform future health service planning, health professional education and training, and family support.

Methods and analysis

This is a hospital-based prospective surveillance of children with CP presenting to the rehabilitation, neurology and general paediatric services at the National Children’s Hospital and St Paul Hospital in Hanoi. We will use active, prospective daily case-finding for all children with CP aged <18 years who are hospitalised or present to outpatient departments. Following parental consent, data will be collected using a modified version of the Australian Cerebral Palsy Register questionnaire. The data collection form has been developed in consultation with local and international experts and translated into Vietnamese. Information collected will include demographics, maternal health and birth history, type and severity of CP, known risk factors for CP, and nutrition, immunisation, education and rehabilitation status.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the Hanoi Medical University Institutional Review Board (decision no 1722) and The University of Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee (approval no 2016/456). Establishment of PAEDS-Vietnam will enable hospital-based surveillance of CP for the first time in Vietnam. It will identify preventable causes of CP, patient needs and service gaps, and facilitate early diagnosis and intervention. Study findings will be disseminated through local and international conferences and peer-reviewed publications.
Association between body mass index and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in multiethnic South East Asian population: a retrospective analysis of the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease Database—Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (NCVD-PCI) registry
Authors: Azhari Zaid , Ismail Muhammad Dzafir , Zuhdi Ahmad Syadi Mahmood , Md Sari Norashikin , Zainal Abidin Imran , Wan Ahmad Wan Azman
Published: November 2017

Objective

To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a multiethnic South East Asian population.

Setting

Fifteen participating cardiology centres contributed to the Malaysian National Cardiovascular Disease Database—Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (NCVD-PCI) registry.

Participants

28 742 patients from the NCVD-PCI registry who had their first PCI between January 2007 and December 2014 were included. Those without their BMI recorded or BMI <11 kg/m2or >70 kg/m2were excluded.

Main outcome measures

In-hospital death, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), vascular complications between different BMI groups were examined. Multivariable-adjusted HRs for 1-year mortality after PCI among the BMI groups were also calculated.

Results

The patients were divided into four groups; underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), normal BMI (BMI 18.5 to <23 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 23 to <27.5 kg/m2) and obese (BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2). Comparison of their baseline characteristics showed that the obese group was younger, had lower prevalence of smoking but higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. There was no difference found in terms of in-hospital death, MACE and vascular complications after PCI. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that compared with normal BMI group the underweight group had a non-significant difference (HR 1.02, p=0.952), while the overweight group had significantly lower risk of 1-year mortality (HR 0.71, p=0.005). The obese group also showed lower HR but this was non-significant (HR 0.78, p=0.056).

Conclusions

Using Asian-specific BMI cut-off points, the overweight group in our study population was independently associated with lower risk of 1-year mortality after PCI compared with the normal BMI group.
A true moderniser of equine practice
Authors: Rossdale Peter
Published: November 2017

Peter Rossdale recently celebrated his 90th birthday. Tim Greet describes the career of this pioneering equine vet
A new compartmental model for describing the mixing behaviour in a multi-transversal jet reactor
Authors: Nandi Biswajit , Chelme-Ayala Pamela , Loewen Mark , Gamal El-Din Mohamed
Published: November 2017

The axial dispersion model (ADM) and tank-in-series model (TiSM) are conventionally used for determining mixing performance of a reactor, which is generated by transverse jets in many engineering applications. The effect of transverse jets on the mixing performance is not well determined by the ADM and TiSM when the Reynolds number of the mainstream flow is higher than ∼104. In this study, this problem was solved by a dispersive compartmental model (DCM). The DCM was a modification of the conventional compartmental model by adding a dispersive nature of plug flow compartment. The results of a series of tracer studies showed that the experimental data were better matched by the DCM than by the conventional models. The effect of transverse jets on the mixing characteristics was significant when the experimental data were modelled by the DCM. The DCM could be used for practical reactors where the E-curve shows a single peak.
Isolation and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a wheat – Leymus mollis double monosomic addition line and its progenies with resistance to stripe rust
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Li Xin , Wang Changyou , Chen Chunhuan , Tian Zengrong , Ji Wanquan
Published: November 2017

A common wheat – Leymus mollis (2n = 4x = 28, NsNsXmXm) double monosomic addition line, M11003-4-3-8/13/15 (2n = 44 = 42T.a + L.m2 + L.m3), with stripe rust resistance was developed (where T.a represents Triticum aestivum chromosome, L.m represents L. mollis chromosome, and L.m2/3 represents L. mollis chromosome of homoeologous groups 2 and 3). The progenies of line M11003-4-3-8/13/15 were characterized by cytological observation, specific molecular markers, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Among the progenies, there existed five different types (I, II, III, IV, and V) of chromosome constitution, the formulas of which were 2n = 44 = 42T.a + 1L.m2 + 1L.m3, 2n = 43 = 42T.a + 1L.m2, 2n = 43 = 42T.a + 1L.m3, 2n = 42 = 42T.a, and 2n = 44 = 42T.a + 2L.m2, respectively. Field disease screening showed that types I and III showed high resistance to stripe rust, while types II, IV, and V were susceptible. Leymus mollis was almost immune to stripe rust, whereas the wheat parent, cultivar 7182, was susceptible. Therefore, we concluded that the stripe rust resistance originated from L. mollis. These various lines could be further fully exploited as important disease resistance materials to enrich wheat genetic resources.
Protective Effects of Ginsenosides on 17α-Ethynyelstradiol-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis via Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Rats
Authors: Xu Yan-Jiao , Yu Zao-Qin , Zhang Cheng-Liang , Li Xi-Ping , Feng Cheng-Yang , Lei Kai , He Wen-Xi , Liu Dong
Published: November 2017

The present study was designed to assess the effects and potential mechanisms of ginsenosides on 17[Formula: see text]-ethynyelstradiol (EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis (IC). Ginsenoside at doses of 30, 100, 300[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight was intragastrically (i.g.) given to rats for 5 days to examine the effect on EE-induced IC. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bile acid (TBA) were measured. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined. Protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6 and IL-1[Formula: see text] was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results indicated that ginsenosides remarkably prevented EE-induced increase in the serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and TBA. Moreover, the elevation of hepatic MDA content induced by EE was significantly reduced, while hepatic SOD activities were significantly increased when treated with ginsenosides. Histopathology of the liver tissue showed that pathological injuries were relieved after treatment with ginsenosides. In addition, treatment with ginsenosides could significantly downregulate the protein expression of TNF-[Formula: see text], IL-6 and IL-1[Formula: see text] compared with EE group. These findings indicate that ginsenosides exert the hepatoprotective effect on EE-induced intrahepatic cholestasis in rats, and this protection might be attributed to the attenuation of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Angelica sinensis Exerts Angiogenic and Anti-apoptotic Effects Against Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury by Activating p38MAPK/HIF-1α/VEGF-A Signaling in Rats
Authors: Cheng Chin-Yi , Ho Tin-Yun , Hsiang Chien-Yun , Tang Nou-Ying , Hsieh Ching-Liang , Kao Shung-Te , Lee Yu-Chen
Published: November 2017

This study evaluated the effects of Angelica sinensis extract [Dang Gui (DG)] administered before 60[Formula: see text]min of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 3[Formula: see text]d of reperfusion and investigated the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1[Formula: see text] signaling in the cortical ischemic penumbra. DG was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 0.25[Formula: see text]g/kg (DG-0.25g), 0.5[Formula: see text]g/kg (DG-0.5g), or 1[Formula: see text]g/kg (DG-1g) 30[Formula: see text]min before the onset of cerebral ischemia. Our study results revealed that DG-0.5g and DG-1g pretreatment effectively attenuated cerebral infarct and improved neurological deficits. DG-0.5g and DG-1g pretreatment significantly downregulated glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 expression and upregulated phospho-p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK)/p38 MAPK, phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (p-CREB)/CREB, cytosolic and mitochondrial phospho-Bad (p-Bad)/Bad ratios, and HIF-1[Formula: see text], vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), phospho-90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (p-p90RSK), and von Willebrand factor (vWF) expression in the cortical ischemic penumbra. Pretreatment with SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, dramatically abrogated the upregulating effects of DG-1g on p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK, p-CREB/CREB, and p-Bad/Bad ratios and HIF-1[Formula: see text], VEGF-A, and vWF expression and the downregulating effects of DG-1g on GFAP, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, and cerebral infarction. DG-0.5g and DG-1g pretreatment provided neuroprotective effects against astrocyte-mediated cerebral infarction by activating angiogenic and anti-apoptotic signaling. Moreover, the angiogenic and anti-apoptotic effects of DG pretreatment can be attributed to the activation of p38 MAPK/HIF-1[Formula: see text]/VEGF-A/vWF signaling and p38 MAPK/HIF-1[Formula: see text]/VEGF-A/p-Bad-related regulation of cytochrome c/caspase-3 signaling, respectively, in the cortical ischemic penumbra 3[Formula: see text]d after reperfusion.
Pueraria lobate Inhibits RANKL-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis Via Downregulation of CREB/PGC1β/c-Fos/NFATc1 Signaling
Authors: Park Keun Ha , Gu Dong Ryun , Jin Su Hyun , Yoon Chi-Su , Ko Wonmin , Kim Youn Chul , Lee Seoung Hoon
Published: November 2017

Puerariae radix, the dried root of Pueraria lobate Ohwi, is known to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized mice; however, the precise molecular mechanisms are not understood. In this study, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of Puerariae radix extract (PRE) on receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. PRE dose-dependently inhibited osteoclast differentiation and formation, decreased the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts, and downregulated the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes. The expression of osteoclastogenic factors produced by PRE-treated osteoblasts such as RANKL, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) was comparable to that of untreated (control) cells. However, the formation of osteoclasts via bone marrow cell and calvaria-derived osteoblast co-cultures was suppressed by PRE treatment. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of PRE on osteoclastogenesis clearly targeted osteoclasts, but not osteoblasts. PRE treatment considerably reduced RANKL-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activity, especially c-Jun N-terminal kinase, in osteoclast precursor cells. In addition, PRE markedly suppressed cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation and the induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1β (PGC1β), which stimulate osteoclastogenesis — an effect that was not observed for puerarin and 17-β estradiol. Finally, PRE treatment significantly repressed the expression of c-Fos and the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which is a master transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these results strongly suggest that PRE is an effective inhibitor of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and may be a potent therapeutic agent for bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontitis.
Segmentation of Brain MRI Using Wavelet Transform and Grammatical Bee Colony
Authors: Si Tapas , De Arunava , Bhattacharjee Anup Kumar
Published: November 2017

Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an imaging technique widely used in the diagnosis and treatment planning of patients. Lesion segmentation of brain MRI is one of the most important image analysis task in medical imaging. In this paper, a new method for the supervised segmentation of the lesion in brain MRI using Grammatical Bee Colony (GBC) is proposed. The segmentation process is adversely affected by the presence of noises and intensity inhomogeneities in the Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Therefore, noises are removed from the images and intensity inhomogeneities are corrected in the pre-processing steps. A set of stationary wavelet features are extracted from the co-registered [Formula: see text]1-weighted ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]), [Formula: see text]2-weighted ([Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]) and Fluid–Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) images after skull stripping. A classifier is evolved using the GBC to classify the tissues as healthy tissues or lesions. The GBC classifier is trained with extracted features. The trained classifier is used to segment the test Magnetic Resonance (MR) image into healthy tissues or lesion regions. Finally, the connected component labeling algorithm is used to extract the lesions from the segmented images in the post-processing step. Effectiveness of the proposed method is tested by identifying the brain lesions from a set of MR images.
Geometrical structures for classical and quantum probability spaces
Authors: Ciaglia Florio Maria , Ibort Alberto , Marmo Giuseppe
Published: November 2017

On the affine space containing the space [Formula: see text] of quantum states of finite-dimensional systems, there are contravariant tensor fields by means of which it is possible to define Hamiltonian and gradient vector fields encoding the relevant geometrical properties of [Formula: see text]. Guided by Dirac’s analogy principle, we will use them as inspiration to define contravariant tensor fields, Hamiltonian and gradient vector fields on the affine space containing the space of fair probability distributions on a finite sample space and analyze their geometrical properties. Most of our considerations will be dealt with for the simple example of a three-level system.
USING CROWDSOURCING TO INCREASE NEW PRODUCT’S MARKET VALUE AND POSITIVE COMMENTS FOR BOTH THE CROWD INVOLVED AND CUSTOMERS
Authors: ESCOFFIER NADINE , TOURNOIS NADINE , MCKELVEY BILL
Published: November 2017

More and more consumers base their buying decision process on online reviews. Not surprisingly, researches show that online reviews have an actual impact on revenues. As a result, a new product can disappear even before it makes it to the market. How to make sure that the new product will get positive online reviews before it goes to market? By evaluating the market value of a new product before and after Crowdsourcing, we offer the proof-of-concept that crowd-wisdom pertaining to new-product idea generation improves its market value significantly, both in term of ratings and comments after just one integration of the crowd into the new product development process. The improvement took place before a large investment was done. More surprisingly, this market value after Crowdsourcing is the same for the Crowd involved in the Crowdsourcing process than for the potential customers of the new product created by using this process.
Free Vibration Analysis of Carbon Fiber-Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Matrix Composite Plates by a Finite Element-Based Multi-Scale Modeling Approach
Authors: Ahmadi M. , Ansari R. , Rouhi H.
Published: November 2017

The vibrational behavior of polymer matrix nanocomposite plates reinforced with carbon fibers (CFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is studied using the finite element method based on a multi-scale modeling approach. The influences of nano- and micro-scale are coupled through a two-step procedure. First, CNTs are dispersed into the polymer matrix. In the selected representative volume element (RVE), interphase due to chemical interaction between CNT and polymer matrix is considered. Also, the state of dispersion of CNTs into the matrix is assumed to be random. In the second step, CFs are randomly distributed in the reinforced polymer with CNTs. The reinforcement is carried out for various volume fractions of CFs and CNTs. Two three-dimensional models including the brick and shell ones are used to generate the results. Moreover, the analysis is presented for square plates under different types of boundary conditions. The effect of nanocomposite thickness on its vibrational response is also investigated.
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Liver Development, Homeostasis, and Pathobiology
Authors: Russell Jacquelyn O. , Monga Satdarshan P.
Published: November 2017

The liver is an organ that performs a multitude of functions, and its health is pertinent and indispensable to survival. Thus, the cellular and molecular machinery driving hepatic functions is of utmost relevance. The Wnt signaling pathway is one such signaling cascade that enables hepatic homeostasis and contributes to unique hepatic attributes such as metabolic zonation and regeneration. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a role in almost every facet of liver biology. Furthermore, its aberrant activation is also a hallmark of various hepatic pathologies. In addition to its signaling function, β-catenin also plays a role at adherens junctions. Wnt/β-catenin signaling also influences the function of many different cell types. Due to this myriad of functions, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is complex, context-dependent, and highly regulated. In this review, we discuss the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, its role in cell-cell adhesion and liver function, and the cell type–specific roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as it relates to liver physiology and pathobiology.
RASA1 and NF1 are Preferentially Co-Mutated and Define A Distinct Genetic Subset of Smoking-Associated Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinomas Sensitive to MEK Inhibition
Authors: Hayashi Takuo , Desmeules Patrice , Smith Roger S. , Drilon Alexander , Somwar Romel , Ladanyi Marc
Published: November 2017

Purpose: Ras-GTPase–activating proteins (RasGAP), notably NF1 and RASA1, mediate negative control of the RAS/MAPK pathway. We evaluated clinical and molecular characteristics of non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with RASA1 mutations in comparison with NF1-mutated cases.

Experimental Design: Large genomic datasets of NSCLC [MSK-IMPACT dataset at MSKCC (n = 2,004), TCGA combined lung cancer dataset (n = 1,144)] were analyzed to define concurrent mutations and clinical features of RASA1-mutated NSCLCs. Functional studies were performed using immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and NSCLC lines with truncating mutations in RASA1, NF1, or both.

Results: Overall, approximately 2% of NSCLCs had RASA1-truncating mutations, and this alteration was statistically, but not completely, mutually exclusive with known activating EGFR (P = 0.02) and KRAS (P = 0.02) mutations. Unexpectedly, RASA1-truncating mutations had a strong tendency to co-occur with NF1-truncating mutations (P < 0.001). Furthermore, all patients (16/16) with concurrent RASA1/NF1-truncating mutations lacked other known lung cancer drivers. Knockdown of RASA1 in HBECs activated signaling downstream of RAS and promoted cell growth. Conversely, restoration of RASA1 expression in RASA1-mutated cells reduced MAPK and PI3K signaling. Although growth of cell lines with inactivation of only one of these two RasGAPs showed moderate and variable sensitivity to inhibitors of MEK or PI3K, cells with concurrent RASA1/NF1 mutations were profoundly more sensitive (IC50: 0.040 μmol/L trametinib). Finally, simultaneous genetic silencing of RASA1 and NF1 sensitized both HBECs and NSCLC cells to MEK inhibition.

Conclusions: Cancer genomic and functional data nominate concurrent RASA1/NF1 loss-of-function mutations as a strong mitogenic driver in NSCLC, which may sensitize to trametinib. Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1436–47. ©2017 AACR.

See related commentary by Kitajima and Barbie, p. 1243
Considerations about the Use of a Loading Dose of Daptomycin in a Neutropenic Murine Thigh Infection Model with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Authors: Kato Hideo , Hagihara Mao , Murakami Eriko , Suematsu Hiroyuki , Nishiyama Naoya , Koizumi Yusuke , Yamagishi Yuka , Uno Bunji , Mikamo Hiroshige
Published: November 2017

Previous clinical studies have showed the clinical benefits of the initiation of treatment with a daptomycin (DAP) loading dose, but only a few studies have evaluated its antimicrobial benefits. We evaluated the efficacy of a DAP loading dose against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in a neutropenic murine thigh infection model. Three MRSA isolates (DAP MIC: 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L) were tested. Four DAP regimens simulating human concentration-time profiles, i.e., (i) day 1: 8 mg/kg and day 2: 6 mg/kg, (ii) days 1 and 2: 6 mg/kg/day, (iii) day 1: 8 mg/kg and day 2: 4 mg/kg, and (iv) days 1 and 2: 4 mg/kg/day, were administered to the mice. Efficacy was calculated as the change in bacterial density. DAP loading-dose regimen iii showed greater antimicrobial activity against MRSA with MIC 1 mg/L than nonloading regimen iv (-3.10 ± 0.63 vs. -0.71 ± 0.34 log10 CFU; p < 0.01). Loading-dose regimen iii achieved greater log10 CFU changes than nonloading regimen ii, while the total DAP dose for 2 days was the same (-3.10 ± 0.63 vs. -1.46 ± 0.48 log10 CFU; p < 0.05). DAP loading-dose regimen iii showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against MRSA with DAP MIC 0.5 mg/L when compared with nonloading regimen iv. However, loading-dose regimens i and iii did not reduce bacterial density for MRSA with DAP MIC 2 mg/L. Our data suggest that a DAP loading-dose regimen would be an advantageous procedure for patients infected with MRSA with DAP MIC ≤1 mg/L.
Tinnitus and Hearing Survey: A Polish Study of Validity and Reliability in a Clinical Population
Authors: Raj-Koziak Danuta , Gos Elzbieta , Rajchel Joanna , Piłka Adam , Skarżyński Henryk , Rostkowska Joanna , Skarzynski Piotr H.
Published: November 2017

This study investigates the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Tinnitus and Hearing Survey (THS-POL), which is a tool for evaluating what proportion of patients' tinnitus is due to hearing problems and what proportion is specifically due to the tinnitus. The THS-POL was created using the translation-backtranslation method. Study participants completed the THS-POL twice over a period of 3 days. The test-retest analysis shows excellent strength of correlations (THS-POL subscale A r = 0.89, subscale B r = 0.9). For subscales A and B, reliability measured using Cronbach's alpha was α = 0.86 and 0.95, respectively, in the first administration and α = 0.91 and 0.94 in the second administration. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a good 2-factor structure of the THS. Convergent validity evaluated using the Pearson product-moment correlation between subscale A (tinnitus) and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory shows good correlations. In conclusion, the THS-POL is a valid and reliable screening tool to assist in deciding about the optimal management approach.