bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Constructions of Balanced Boolean Functions with Maximum Algebraic Immunity, High Nonlinearity and Optimal Algebraic Degree
Authors: SHARMA Dheeraj Kumar , PANDEY Rajoo
Published: November 2020

This paper consists of proposal of two new constructions of balanced Boolean function achieving a new lower bound of nonlinearity along with high algebraic degree and optimal or highest algebraic immunity. This construction has been made by using representation of Boolean function with primitive elements. Galois Field,  used in this representation has been constructed by using powers of primitive element such that greatest common divisor of power and  is 1. The constructed balanced  variable Boolean functions achieve higher nonlinearity, algebraic degree of , and algebraic immunity of   for odd ,  for even . The nonlinearity of Boolean function obtained in the proposed constructions is better as compared to existing Boolean functions available in the literature without adversely affecting other properties such as balancedness, algebraic degree and algebraic immunity.
The Design and Development of Sit to Stand Trainer for the Elderly
Authors: SA-ADPRAI Sairag , RUNGROUNGDOUYBOON Bunyong
Published: November 2020

Strengthening exercise for lower limbs is required in elderly. Repeated sit to stands could improve lower limbs strength, reduce limitations, and fall. The researchers developed a Sit to Stand Trainer, a device that assists and offers variable levels of weight support for users to stand. It was validated by comparing the kinematics and the kinetics between 2 experimental conditions; the movement that was assisted by Sit to Stand Trainer (STST) and the natural movement that was unassisted by Sit to Stand Trainer (No STST). This study is an Experimental Design using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The time span of the observed movement was 2.5 s for all trials. The results in kinematics showed significant similarity in trunk, hip, knee, ankle angles and angular velocities including speed and distance of head between No STST to STST (P = 0.000). However, in kinetics, the maximum of vGRFs showed significant decrease in STST compared to No STST (P = 0.000). This represent that this device produces natural movement and speed. It also supports and helps to reduce the body weight that contacted to the ground in order to stand up easier. Thus, therapists could possibly consider this device for training in clinical practice. This research was studied within 6 weeks into training with Sit to Stand Trainer. This part of the study is a Quasi-Experimental Designs using Paired Samples T-tests. The results of the T-tests were compared before and after the training. The results showed a significant improvement in physical outcomes measurement tests; Berg Balance Scale (P = 0.000), 30-second Chair Stand (P = 0.001) and 4-meter Gait Speed (P = 0.000) among the elderly.
Extraction and Isolation of Compound from Roots of Kniphofia pumila, and Its Antibacterial Activities in Combination with Zinc Chloride
Authors: ABDISSA Dele , FAYE Gezahegn , FAYERA Melkamu , DEMISSIE Shiferaw
Published: November 2020

Kniphofia pumila has been traditionally used for the treatment of different diseases in Oromiya regional state, western part of Ethiopia. Thus, the main objective of this study was to extract bioactive natural products from the roots of K. pumila and perform in vitro antibacterial activity tests against selected pathogens. Extraction of compound from the roots of K. pumila was carried out by maceration method at room temperature and its antibacterial activity was done using agar disc diffusion method. The crude extracts alone and along with ZnCl2 were tested against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli (ATCC 25722), Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (DSM 19613), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25925) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 13311). Following its promising activity, the acetone crude extract that have shown better antibacterial activity was subjected to column chromatography for isolation of pure compound. Hence, one pure compound (GZ-1) was obtained from acetone crude extract. Meanwhile, the antibacterial activities of the isolated compound alone and in combination with ZnCl2 were also performed against all aforementioned bacterial strains. Then, isolated compound was characterized by using NMR spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and, 2D NMR, so as to establish its structure as 3’-acetyl-2’,6’-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl-1,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone, trivial name knipholone. Finally, GZ-1 was isolated from the roots of K. pumila and it was noted that the antibacterial activities of ZnCl2 in combination with crude extract as well as with isolated compound against E. coli (ATCC 25722), S. aureus (ATCC 25925) and S. Typhimurium (ATCC 13311) bacterial strains showed remarkable results which were greater than the antibacterial activity of the positive standard drug (gentamycin). To sum up, from the chromatographic isolation of roots acetone extract of K. pumila one pure compound (knipholone) was obtained. Its antibacterial activity was also evaluated in combination with ZnCl2 salt and alone.
Newly Isolated High Squalene Producing Thraustochytrid Strain Aurantochytrium sp. P5/2 from Mangrove Habitats in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand
Authors: MALAWET Tarnhatai , BANGRAK Phuwadol , PEERAPORNPISAL Yuwadee , KAMLANGDEE Niyom
Published: November 2020

Thraustochytrids are alternative potential sources of squalene, because they grow rapidly, are relatively easy to culture, and accumulate in large amounts. The objectives of this research were to isolate squalene-producing Thraustochytrids from fallen leaves in Paknakon Bay, including Paknakon Mangrove forest (N), Pakpanang Mangrove forest (P) and Thasala Mangrove forest (T), Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand, and to investigate their total lipid profile and squalene contents. A total of nine Thraustochytrid isolates were obtained.Morphological and molecular features revealed that those Thraustochytrids belonged to the genus Aurantiochytrium (N1, N14, P1/1, P5/2, P6/1, P43, T1, T26, and T42). Subsequently, they were cultivated and their cell dry weight, fatty acid compositions, and squalene contents were analyzed. At 96 h of cultivation, the dry cell weights ranged from 7.51 to 17.43 mg/g. The total lipid profile showed a broad spectrum of saturated fatty acids with an abundance of palmitic acid (16:0), 24.72 - 41.06 % TFA, pentadecanoic acid (15:0) 16.75 - 28.48 % TFA, heptadecanoic acid (17:0) 4.19 - 7.67 % TFA, lignoceric acid (24:0) 2.76 - 8.83 % TFA, myristic acid (14:0) 2.17 - 3.43 % TFA, stearic acid (18:0) 0.83 - 1.32 % TFA, arachidic acid (20:0) 0.19 - 0.33 % TFA, and behenic acid (22:0) 0.19 - 0.21 % TFA, respectively. Unsaturated fatty acids, including Docosahexaaenoic acid (22:6; 8.59 - 35.99 % TFA), Clupanodonic acid (22:5, 2.24 - 8.94 % TFA), Arachidonic acid (20:4, 0.32 - 0.60 % TFA), Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5, 0.19 - 0.62 % TFA), Linolenic acid (18:3, 0.12 - 0.18 % TFA), and Erucic acid (22:1; 0.02 - 0.09 % TFA) were also found. The squalene contents ranged from 0.06 to 4.78 mg/g. The highest biomass and squalene-accumulation was achieved from strain P5/2, which was identified as Aurantiochytrium sp.ม with a maximum yield of 4.78 mg/g at 96 h of cultivation.
Micropropagation and Screening of Phytocompounds Present among in vitro Raised and Wild Plants of Rauvolfia serpentine
Authors: VARNIKA Varnika , SHARMA Rohit , SINGH Ajay , SHALINI Shalini , SHARMA Nishesh
Published: November 2020

Rauvolfia serpentina, commonly known as Sarpgandha, is a plant well-known for being utilized for several medicinal purposes. Unrestricted collection from natural stands and overexploitation for medicinal and traditional purposes have rendered it endangered, hence there is necessary requirement for the development of cultivation protocols for mass propagation and sustained utilization of the plant. In the present study, in vitro culture of the apical parts of R. serpentina on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium enriched with NAA resulted in development of callus, whereas multiple shoot regeneration along with callus development was achieved on medium combination MS + NAA + Kn and MS + NAA + BAP. MS + 4µM NAA + 4µM BAP was found to be most optimum media composition for regeneration of shoots and callus. Among different media combinations utilized for in vitro rooting, a maximum of 82.6 % explants developed in vitro roots on ½ MS + 12µM NAA. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of methanolic extract prepared from leaves of wild and micropropagated plants of R. serpentina revealed the presence of 38 and 48 phytocompounds, respectively. 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid, Methyl linoleate, Methyl stearate, Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, Linoleic acid, Ergost-4, 7, and 22-trien-3.alpha.-ol were some of the major compounds found to be present in the leaves of wild plants, and Linoleic acid, methyl ester, Cis-Linoleic Acid Methyl Ester, Methyl elaidate, hexadecanoic acid, and methyl ester were major compounds found to be present in in vitro raised plants. Many of the compounds detected have been known to possess 1 or more biological or pharmacological activities.
The Antiviral Activity of Andrographolide, the Active Metabolite from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees. against SARS-CoV-2 by Using Bio- and Chemoinformatic Tools
Authors: PITAKBUT Thanet
Published: November 2020

Due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the virus has been wildly spread throughout the world and the number of infected patients has rapidly increased. More importantly, neither the official drug treatment nor the vaccine has been officially offered. These have considerably increased the public concerns internationally and nationally. Recently, there has been one question raised in the Thai society; “Could a common Thai herbal medicine namely Andrographis paniculata be used against SARS-CoV-2 infection?”. It is well-known that the plant has antiviral properties against wild ranges of viruses and the active metabolite is andrographolide. To date, there have only been a few studies investigating the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity from andrographolide. To provide a better understanding, this study was conducted by applying the advanced techniques in both computational biology and chemistry to evaluate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of andrographolide. In this study, andrographolide was tested against two  key enzymes of SAR-CoV-2 namely 3C main proteinase and RNA dependent RNA polymerase. The result here indicated that andrographolide could only inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C main proteinase as strong as lopinavir (the standard medicine), which has been recommended as the drug of choice to treat SARS-CoV-2 patient.
Development and Validation of Corona Virus Anxiety Scale (CVAS)
Authors: FAIZA Afreen
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives: The advent of 2020 was eclipsed by an epidemic crisis of COVID-19. The swift spread of fatal viruses creates paralyzing apprehensions among all human beings and has produced a need to develop a sound psychometric scale to measure anxiety related to COVID-19.
Methods: Items for a Corona Virus Anxiety Scale (CVAS) emerged from literature reviews, a SARS fear scale, and qualitative analysis of interviews. After successive item modifications and pilot-testing, the 17-item self-reported CVAS was administered to (N = 256) participants. A sample of (N = 45) individuals was recruited for determination of CVAS construct validity with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R).
Results: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) showed 3 factors with 57.46 % variance, Fear of Infection and Death (FOIAD), Social Isolation (SI), and Loss of Control and Helplessness (LOCAH). Item-total correlation values ranged from (r = 0.46 to 0.63, p < 0.01). Overall, CVAS showed a high-value Cronbach alpha reliability (α = 0.896); alpha reliabilities for subscales also lay in acceptable ranges. The relationship between CVAS and IES-R suggests significant and positive correlation values (r = 0.477, **p < 0.01), demonstrating the construct validity of the newly-developed CVAS.
Interpretation and Conclusions: CVAS is a reliable and valid self-reporting tool for screening of anxieties about COVID-19 among the general population.
Regional planning efforts encourage coordination between senior care facilities and emergency managers in New Jersey
Authors: Whytlaw, PhD Jennifer L.
Published: November 2020

Senior care facilities house populations that are highly vulnerable to impacts from natural hazard events. Recent events in Florida and Texas highlight the need for senior care facilities to prepare to shelter-in-place during and immediately after a natural hazard event occurs and be self-sufficient for extended periods afterward. Interviews with emergency managers and senior facility administrators in New Jersey emphasize how regional planning efforts can be used successfully to improve preparedness at senior facilities and coordination with the emergency response community. While preparedness efforts vary across New Jersey, the southern region has shown success through focused connections between facilities and emergency managers that have led to successful coordination of emergency evacuation of facilities.
Obstacles to timely emergency messaging for acute incidents
Authors: Bernfeld, MPS, CEM Jeremy
Published: November 2020

Emergency alerts, warnings, and notifications (AWN) help protect the public by communicating information about impending hazards to encourage protective actions. Three key subsystems compose AWN systems: (1) detection; (2) management; and (3) response. While much research regarding the detection and response subsystems exists, few studies focus on the management subsystem. This subsystem involves emergency managers (EM) receiving and analyzing information about a hazard, deciding whether the hazard poses enough risk to warrant an emergency message, and where appropriate, transmitting that message across available AWN systems. To help improve understanding of this decision-making process, the researcher conducted interviews with EMs responsible for AWN decision-making and issuance, and leveraged participant responses to inform this work. This study details the threat interpretation, organization, technology, and infrastructure limitations that can directly delay or prevent AWN issuance. This work also outlines the adverse impacts on the public, EMs, and emergency services that can follow an AWN, as EMs must weigh these consequences when deciding to issue an emergency message. By outlining these obstacles, this study aims to help inform EMs of the challenges they may face during the critical moments of an incident, so they may better prepare to issue timely emergency messages to protect their communities. The findings gleaned from this research can also help technologists and social scientists better understand the influences their fields have on the EM, so that they may improve upon existing AWN systems and risk communication strategies.
10–year satellite–constrained fluxes of ammonia improve
performance of chemistry transport models
Authors: Evangeliou Nikolaos , Balkanski Yves , Eckhardt Sabine , Cozic Anne , Van Damme Martin , Coheur Pierre-François , Clarisse Lieven , Shephard Mark W. , Cady-Pereira Karen E. , Hauglustaine Didier
Published: November 2020

Abstract. In recent years, ammonia emissions have been continuously increasing being almost four times higher than in the 20th century. Although an important species as its use as a fertilized sustains human living, ammonia has major consequences both for humans and the environment, because of its reactive gas phase chemistry that makes it easily convertible to particles. Despite its pronounced importance, yet, ammonia emissions are highly uncertain in most emission inventories. However, the great development of satellite remote sensing nowadays provides the opportunity for more targeting research in constraining ammonia emissions. Here, we used satellite measurements to calculate global ammonia emissions over the period 2008–2017. Then, the calculated ammonia emissions were fed to a chemistry transport model and ammonia concentrations were simulated for the period 2008–2017. The simulated concentrations of ammonia were compared with ground measurements from Europe, North America and Southeastern Asia, as well as with satellite measurements. The satellite-constrained ammonia emissions represent global concentrations more accurately than state-of-the-art emissions, which underestimate ammonia with a factor of two. Calculated fluxes in the North China Plain were increased after 2015, not due to emission changes, but due to changes in sulfate emissions that resulted in less ammonia neutralization and hence in larger atmospheric loads. Emissions over Europe were also twice as much as those in traditional datasets with dominant sources to be industrial and agricultural applications. Four hot-spot regions of high ammonia emissions were seen in North America characterized by large agricultural activity (Colorado), animal breeding (Iowa, northern Texas and Kansas), animal farms (Salt Lake, Cache, and Utah) and animal breeding and agricultural practices (California). South America is dominated by ammonia emissions from biomass burning, which cause a strong seasonality. In Southeastern Asia, ammonia emissions from fertilizer plants in China, Pakistan, India and Indonesia are the most important, while a strong seasonality was observed with a spring and late summer peak due to rice and wheat cultivation. Modelled concentrations from the satellite-constrained ammonia emissions are overestimated in Eastern Europe, where state-of-the-art emissions capture observations better. Measurements of ammonia concentrations in North America were better reproduced with satellite-constrained emissions, while all emissions generally underestimate station concentrations in Southeastern Asia. The calculated ammonia emissions also reproduce global CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder) observations more effectively.
Evaluating the potential for Archaea to serve as ice nucleating
particles
Authors: Creamean Jessie M. , Ceniceros Julio E. , Newman Lilyanna , Pace Allyson D. , Hill Thomas C. J. , DeMott Paul J. , Rhodes Matthew E.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Aerosols play a crucial role in cloud formation. Biologically-derived materials from microorganisms such as plant bacteria, fungi, pollen, and various vegetative detritus can serve as ice nucleating particles (INPs), some of which initiate glaciation in clouds at relatively warm freezing temperatures. However, determining the magnitude of the interactions between clouds and biologically-derived INPs remains a significant challenge due to the diversity and complexity of bioaerosols, and limited observations of such aerosols to facilitate cloud ice formation. Additionally, microorganisms from the domain Archaea have to date not been evaluated as INPs. Here, we present the first results reporting the ice nucleation activity of a subset of archaeal cells from Haloarchaea. Intact cells of Halococcus morrhuae and Haloferax sulfurifontis demonstrated the ability to induce freezing as warm as −18 ˚C, while lysed cells of Haloquadratum walsbyi and Natronomonas pharaonis were unable to serve as warm temperature INPs. Exposure to heat and peroxide digestion indicated that the INPs of intact cells were driven by organic (H. morrhuae and H. sulfurifontis) and possibly also heat-labile materials (H. sulfurifontis only). While halophiles are prominent in hypersaline environments such as the Great Salt Lake and the Dead Sea, other members of the Archaea, such as methanogens and thermophiles, are prevalent in anoxic systems in seawater, sea ice, marine sediments, glacial ice, permafrost, and other cold niches. Archaeal extremophiles are both diverse and highly abundant. Thus, assessing their ability to become airborne, and their abilities to impact cloud formation, is necessary to improve understanding of biological impacts on clouds.
Contaminating melt flow in magmatic peridotites from the lower continental crust (Rocca d'Argimonia sequence, Ivrea–Verbano Zone)
Authors: Antonicelli Marta , Tribuzio Riccardo , Liu Tong , Wu Fu-Yuan
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The lower continental crust section of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone (Italian Alps)
was intruded by a ∼ 8 km thick gabbroic–dioritic body (Ivrea Mafic Complex) in the Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian, in conjunction with the
post-collisional transtensional regime related to the Variscan orogeny. In
the deepest levels of the Ivrea Mafic Complex, several peridotite–pyroxenite
sequences considered of magmatic origin are exposed. We present here a
petrological–geochemical investigation of the peridotites from the largest
magmatic ultramafic sequence of the Ivrea Mafic Complex, locally called Rocca
d'Argimonia. In spite of the widespread subsolidus re-equilibration under
granulite facies conditions, most likely reflecting a slow cooling evolution
in the lower continental crust, the Rocca d'Argimonia peridotites (dunites
to harzburgites and minor clinopyroxene-poor lherzolites) typically retain
structures and microstructures of magmatic origin. In particular, the
harzburgites and the lherzolites typically show poikilitic orthopyroxenes
enclosing partially dissolved olivine and minor spinel. Olivine has
forsterite proportion diminishing from the dunites to the harzburgites and
the lherzolites (90 mol % to 85 mol %) and negatively correlating with δ18O (+5.8 ‰ to +6.6 ‰).
Gabbronorite dykes locally crosscut the peridotites and show millimetre-scale thick,
orthopyroxenite to websterite reaction zones along the contact with host
rocks. We propose that the Rocca d'Argimonia peridotites record a process of
reactive melt flow through a melt-poor olivine-rich crystal mush or a
pre-existing dunite. This process was most likely responsible for the
olivine dissolution shown by the poikilitic orthopyroxenes in the
harzburgites–lherzolites. We infer that the reactively migrating melts
possessed a substantial crustal component and operated at least at the
scale of ∼ 100 m.
Improving snowfall representation in climate simulations via
statistical models informed by air temperature and total
precipitation
Authors: Pons Flavio Maria Emanuele , Faranda Davide
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The description and analysis of compound extremes affecting mid and high latitudes in the winter requires an accurate estimation of snowfall. Such variable is often missing for in-situ observations, and biased in climate model outputs, both in magnitude and number of events. While climate models can be adjusted using bias correction (BC), snowfall presents additional challenges compared to other variables, preventing from applying traditional univariate BC methods. We extend the existing literature on the estimation of the snowfall fraction from near-surface temperature, which usually involves binary thresholds or fitting parametric nonlinear functions. We show that, combining breakpoint search algorithms to define threshold temperatures and segmented regression models, it is possible to obtain accurate out-of-sample estimates of snowfall over Europe in ERA5 reanalysis, and to perform effective BC on the IPSL-WRF high resolution EURO-CORDEX climate model only relying on bias adjusted temperature and precipitation. This method offers a feasible way to reconstruct or adjust snowfall observations without requiring multivariate or conditional bias correction and stochastic generation of unobserved events.
La construcción social del mercado y su incidencia en la intermediación y legitimación de las Fundaciones Universitarias Argentinas
Authors: Morales Carrizo Silvia Norma
Published: November 2020

El presente artículo tiene como foco de atención el proceso de creación, intermediación y legitimación de las Fundaciones de las Universidades Públicas Argentinas en el contexto de los últimos 30 años. En este proceso, la construcción social del mercado es clave para comprender cómo surgen y se legitiman las Fundaciones en estas organizaciones tan complejas. Para ello, se utiliza la metodología cualitativa de análisis de contenido de Estatutos correspondientes a diez Fundaciones universitarias. Como conclusión, el trabajo de estas Fundaciones que aún hoy persiste, legitima el proceso de intermediación entre las Universidades Públicas y el contexto del mercado argentino.
Carmelo Lisón Tolosana. Una vocación antropológica
Authors: Sanmartín Arce Ricardo
Published: November 2020

Carmelo Lisón, fundador de la Revista de Antropología Social (RAS), fue también el fundador del Departamento de Antropología Social de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Dio a la Antropología española un perfil británico. Con ello, modernizó la Antropología Social en España. Su investigación doctoral en su comunidad de origen en los sesenta, así como su largo trabajo de campo por toda Galicia (1964-1975), yendo y viniendo una y otra vez durante el XX y el XXI, le otorgaron una gran experiencia etnográfica. Probablemente, sus registros etnográficos sean los más amplios sobre una tradición cultural europea. Desde la ecología a la mentalidad y las creencias, y desde las instituciones y estructura social a la enfermedad, los valores culturales, el ritual y los mitos, Lisón ha estudiado la cultura humana como un ambiguo sistema simbólico-semántico siempre inmerso en el hacerse de la historia colectiva. Su antropología interpretativa procede de su propia experiencia etnográfica con la gente en el campo, a modo de una larga conversación, en la línea de Gadamer, Benedict, Hume, Vico, Cassirer, Needham, Evans-Pritchard, Douglas y Lienhardt, entre otros.
La víctima como sujeto político. Una aproximación antropológica al movimiento de víctimas y afectados por el conflicto armado interno peruano
Authors: Tejero Tabernero Laura
Published: November 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es el de aportar algunas reflexiones en torno a las condiciones sociales, políticas y culturales que habrían posibilitado –y condicionado– el surgimiento y desarrollo de la militancia del colectivo de víctimas de conflicto armado en el contexto específico que se abre en Perú con el establecimiento de la Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación (CVR) en el año 2001. A través de una mirada etnográfica, se prestará especial atención  a las formas en las que, a través de la interacción con distintos agentes sociales claves (como son las ONG de derechos humanos), las distintas organizaciones de víctimas en el país van incorporando los marcos legales y morales que se les hacen disponibles a través del paradigma de la justicia transicional y los derechos humanos para dar cuenta de sus experiencias de victimización y violencia y para reivindicar sus derechos de acceso a la verdad, la justicia y la reparación. En definitiva, se pretenderá dar cuenta del proceso a través del cual la víctima deviene sujeto político en el contexto específico peruano, recurriendo a diferentes estrategias y recursos de movilización.
Alternativas desde Abajo: etnografía de un intersticio político entre la movilización callejera y el asalto institucional (2013-2014)
Authors: García López Ernesto
Published: November 2020

Lo que de forma genérica se ha denominado como “asalto institucional” constituye un periodo y un laboratorio de prácticas políticas en España de enorme complejidad, que tiene su origen en las postrimerías del segundo aniversario del 15M y que cristaliza con el nacimiento de Podemos y las diferentes “candidaturas de unidad popular” presentes en las elecciones municipales de 2015. Ahora bien, este ecosistema de acción colectiva es sumamente heterogéneo y diverso, y por ello se vuelve necesario prestar atención a sus diferentes elementos. En el presente artículo se focaliza la mirada en su primera fase, todavía embrionaria e intersticial, que va desde mayo de 2013 a junio de 2014, y donde tuvieron lugar una serie de experiencias antecedentes de lo que más tarde fueron iniciativas tan conocidas como Ahora Madrid, Barcelona en Común, etc. A partir de un trabajo etnográfico centrado en Madrid haremos un repaso a una de esas experiencias, Alternativas desde Abajo, como ejemplo empírico de las dinámicas en tensión y las líneas de fuga existentes en el tránsito de la calle a la lucha electoral.
First record of Nubensia nubens (Edwards, 1929) (Diptera: Chironomidae) for Bulgaria
Authors: Dashinov Dimitriy Antonov , Hamerlik Ladislav
Published: November 2020

Nubensia nubens (Edwards 1929) is reported for the first time in Bulgaria from two lowland rivers, tributaries of the Danube (eastern Europe). Larvae of the species were found incidentally in samples collected for an ichthyological study, in the gut contents of Neogobius melanostomus (Pallas 1814) (Actinopterygii: Gobiidae), and in a benthic sample. The habitat conditions at the corresponding sites differed from those of previous records. Our finding underlines the potential of non-standard supporting methods, such as analyzing fish gut contents for discovering rare species that are hard to record by standard hydrobiological methods.
Da democracia no capitalismo ao seu modelo normativo: Da abordagem descritiva de Schumpeter à análise prescritiva de Ferrajoli
Authors: Cademartori Daniela , Cademartori Sergio
Published: November 2020

Este artigo revisita o modelo democrático a partir de duas abordagens: aquela descritiva de Schumpeter e, que a redefine a partir da realidade concreta do capitalismo perante a qual o autor se defronta, e a prescritiva de Ferrajoli, que propõe um modelo a partir de suas afinidades com valores e institutos civilizatórios, com vistas à superação dos impasses nos quais essa forma de governo se encontra atualmente. Assim, aborda o conceito descritivo da democracia elaborado por Schumpeter, bem como a redefinição que o mesmo opera sobre aquela. Posteriormente, o artigo dirige sua atenção sobre as Teorias do Direito e da Política elaboradas por Luigi Ferrajoli, para examinar o seu modelo normativo de democracia, a partir das suas conexões com outras categorias. A trajetória metodológica é qualitativa, sendo utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica como forma de coleta de dados.
Cashfields shopping centre: Christchurch
Authors: Taylor J. M.
Published: November 2020

The building was originally designed as a department store for the D. I. C. Limited and was constructed in three stages commencing in the early 1890's. It is of 3 storeys with a basement over part of the area. Walls are of brick masonry, and floors and roof are timber framed on steel beams and cast iron columns.

The general layout of the structure is shown in fig. 1. The building extends the full depth of the city block - some 101m - with width 21m (approx.) at Cashel Street, and 37m (approx.) at Lichfield Street. Storey heights are 5.5m ground  to first floor, 4.8m first to second and  4.0m second floor to roof. Parapets  are 1.2m high at side walls and up to  3.0m high at the street frontages,

The building was generally in sound condition, with no sign of any significant deterioration or movement in the main structural elements. Floor ties to the side walls could be observed externally  at all levels, although the spacing at the second floor and roof was sparse  and irregular.
Tamás Varga’s reform movement and the Hungarian Guided Discovery approach
Authors: Gosztonyi Katalin
Published: November 2020

This paper presents Tamás Varga’s work focusing especially on the Hungarian Complex Mathematics Education reform project led by him between 1963 and 1978 and the underlying conception on mathematics education named “Guided Discovery approach”. In the first part, I describe Varga’s career. In the second part, I situate his reform project in its international and national historical context, including the international “New Math” movement and the “Guided Discovery” teaching tradition, something which is embedded in Hungarian mathematical culture. In the third part, I propose a didactic analysis of Varga’s conception on mathematics education, underlining especially certain of its characteristics which can be related to Inquiry Based Mathematics Education. Finally I briefly discuss Varga’s legacy today.

Subject Classification: 97-03, 97B20, 97D20, 97D40, 97D50
Rational errors in learning fractions among 5th grade students
Authors: Karika Tímea
Published: November 2020

Our paper focuses on empirical research in which we map out the errors in learning fractions. Errors are often logically consistent and rule-based rather than being random. When people face solving an unfamiliar problem, they usually construct rules or strategies in order to solve it (Van Lehn, 1983). These strategies tend to be systematic, often make ‘sense’ to the people who created them but often lead to incorrect solutions (Ben-Zeev, 1996). These mistakes were named rational errors by Ben-Zeev (1996). The research aims to show that when learning fractions, students produce such errors, identified in the literature, and that students who make these kinds of mistakes achieve low results in mathematics tests. The research was done among 5th-grade students.

Subject Classification: 97C10, 97C30, 97C70, 97D60, 97D70, 97F50
Nim like game and a machine that plays it
Authors: Esclafit Pierre , Modeste Simon , Saby Nicolas
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this work is to take a didactic look at a learning situation located at the interface between mathematics and computer science. This situation offers a first approach to the concept of artificial intelligence through the study of a reinforcement learning device. The learning situation, inspired by the Computer Science Unplugged approach, is based on a combinatorial game, along with a device that learns how to play this game. We studied the learning potential when the human players face the machine. After an a priori analysis using the Theory of Didactic Situations (TDS), we conducted a pre-experiment in order to strengthen our hypotheses. In this article, we will focus on the analysis of the didactic variables, the values we have chosen for these variables and their effects on students’ strategies.

Subject Classification: 97D99, 97K99, 97P80
Is it possible to develop some elements of metacognition in a Mathematics classroom environment?
Authors: Kiss Márton , Kónya Eszter
Published: November 2020

In an earlier exploratory survey, we investigated the metacognitive activities of 9th grade students, and found that they have only limited experience in the “looking back” phase of the problem solving process. This paper presents the results of a teaching experiment focusing on ninth-grade students’ metacognitive activities in the process of solving several open-ended geometry problems. We conclude that promoting students’ metacognitive abilities makes their problem solving process more effective.

Subject Classification: 97D50, 97G40
Willy Servais and Tamás Varga A Belgian Hungarian perspective on teaching school mathematics
Authors: De Bock Dirk
Published: November 2020

Willy Servais and Tamás Varga had a major influence on the development of mathematics education during the 1960s and 1970s, both in their home countries and internationally. In 1971 they jointly published Teaching School Mathematics–A Unesco Source Book, a review of curriculum reforms that were under way in different parts of the world. The book, presenting several modern syllabuses as well as examples of classroom techniques and segments of teacher-student dialogues, provided an often consulted guide to the field of mathematics education. We re-read this book and in this way acquire a unique insight into the modernization efforts of school mathematics during the 1960s and early 1970s. We take this opportunity to discuss the sometimes partly divergent views of Servais and Varga on modern mathematics education as reflected in this book.

Subject Classification: 97-03
Potential, actual and practical variations for teaching functions: cases study in China and France
Authors: Zhang Luxizi
Published: November 2020

This contribution is based on two major hypotheses: task design is the core of teachers’ work, and variation is the core of task design. Taking into account variation in task design has a profound theoretical foundation in China and France. Developing my PhD with two co-supervisors, in China and France, I wish to seize this opportunity for constructing an analytic model of “teaching mathematics through variation” making profit of this theoretical diversity. This model distinguishes between potential variation and practical variation and is based on the process of transforming potential variation into actual variation, and of using practical variation for rethinking potential variation. The design of this model is based both on theoretical networking, and on case studies, in France and China. In this contribution, we will focus on a critical aspect in the two cases, from potential to practical variation.

Subject Classification: 97-06
Categorising question question relationships in the Pósa method
Authors: Katona Dániel
Published: November 2020

The doctoral research of the author – with a reverse didactic engineering (RDE) methodology – aims at reconstructing the theoretical background of the ‘intuitively developed’ Pósa method for inquiry-based learning mathematics (IBME) in Hungarian talent education. Preliminary results of the second step of this theorization is presented, which applies tools of the Anthropological Theory of the Didactic (ATD). A model is proposed for categorizing question-question relationship with 3 categories: helping question, follow-up question and question of a kernel. The first two of them are claimed to represent two types (relevant or not) of generating-derived questions relationship. The model is also a prospective tool for connected task- and curriculum design and analysis within IBME development.

Subject Classification: 97D20, 97D40, 97D50, 97E50, 97K30
Visualisation in geometry education as a tool for teaching with better understanding
Authors: Gunčaga Ján , Budai László , Kenderessy Tibor
Published: November 2020

In primary and secondary geometry education, some problems exist with pupils’ space thinking and understanding of geometric notions. Visualisation plays an important role in geometry education, and the development of pupils’ visualisation skills can support their spatial imagination. The authors present their own thoughts on the potential of including visualisation in geometry education, based on the analysis of the Hungarian National Core Curriculum and Slovak National Curriculum. Tasks for visualisation are also found in international studies, for example the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Augmented reality (AR) and other information and communication technology (ICT) tools bring new possibilities to develop geometric thinking and space imagination, and they also support mathematics education with better understanding.

Subject Classification: 97U10, 97G10
whole new vigor
Authors: Mazliak Laurent
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we consider a talk presented by the mathematician Paul Montel in Paris in 1944, dedicated to a general presentation of the importance of mathematics in everyday’s life. The text of this talk, and the context of its elaboration, allows various inceptions in the French mathematical life in the middle of 20th century. In particular Montel’s insistence on applications of mathematics strongly contrasts with the main tendencies of the French mathematical stage after the war under the impulse of the Bourbaki group.

Subject Classification: 97A40, 01A60, 60-03
Manipulatives and semiotic tools of Game of Go as playful and creative activity to learn mathematics in early grades in France
Authors: Cabassut Richard , Fenech Antoine
Published: November 2020

This research develops resources to teach mathematics in French primary school by using the game of Go. A group of searchers, teachers and go players meet at university to produce teaching resources. These resources are implemented in the classroom. Then the group evaluate this implementation and improve the resources. The aim of this classroom research is to study the opportunities of the game of Go to learn mathematics and to propose a teacher training course to implement the game of Go in French primary schools in accordance with the French syllabus. Game of Go appears as a manipulative and semiotic tool to learn mathematics at primary school.

Subject Classification: 97D50, 97U60
Many paths lead to statistical inference
Authors: Borovcnik Manfred
Published: November 2020

For statistics education, a key question is how to design learning paths to statistical inference that are elementary enough that the learners can understand the concepts and that are rich enough to develop the full complexity of statistical inference later on. There are two ways to approach this problem: One is to restrict the complexity. Informal Inference considers a reduced situation and refers to resampling methods, which may be completely outsourced to computing power. The other is to find informal ways to explore situations of statistical inference, also supported with the graphing and simulating facilities of computers. The latter orientates towards the full complexity of statistical inference though it tries to reduce it for the early learning encoun-ters. We argue for the informal-ways approach as it connects to Bayesian methods of inference and allows for a full concept of probability in comparison to the Informal Inference, which reduces probability to a mere frequentist concept and – based on this – restricts inference to a few special cases. We also develop a didactic framework for our analysis, which includes the approach of Tamás Varga.

Subject Classification: 97K10, 97K70, 97K50, 97D20
Group Work at High School According to the Method of Tamás Varga
Authors: Kovács-Kószó Eszter , Kosztolányi József
Published: November 2020

The aim of our research is to develop students’ logical thinking. For this reason, Hungarian mathematics teachers need to be encouraged to try new methods which induce greater student involvement. Research all over the world prove that self-instruction or self-verbalizing has high effect on the learning process. This was one of the key elements of Tamás Varga’s experiment in high school. In our classroom experiments we are using a special cooperative method from Kagan among 14-18 years old students, called Sage and Scribe structure. We are looking for the answers to the following question: Does this method make mathematics lessons more enjoyable and more comfortable for students? Furthermore, we assume this structure could open the gate toward other collaborative and cooperative teaching technics.

Subject Classification: 97D40
Role of Leptin in Febrile Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Mahyar Abolfazl , Ayazi Parviz , Hanafizadeh Behnor , Arad Banafsheh , Dalirani Reza , Sahmani Ahmad Ali , Oveisi Sonia , Esmaeili Shiva
Published: November 2020

Background: Leptin is a hormone that plays an important role in human health against infections. Some studies have reported that leptin acts as a reactant phase marker in some infectious diseases. The role of leptin in febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) has not been adequately evaluated. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the role of serum leptin in febrile UTI in children. Methods: Thirty-nine febrile UTI patients were compared with 40 healthy children for the serum leptin level. Serum leptin was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The results were compared between the groups. Results: Median (IQR) of serum leptin in the case and control groups was 2 ng/mL and 0.6 ng/mL, respectively. A significant difference was observed between the groups in the serum leptin level (P = 0.001). No significant difference was observed between cystitis and acute pyelonephritis patients in the serum leptin level. The correlation analysis showed no significant association between the serum leptin level and acute-phase reactant markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (r = -0.13 and P = 0.41; r = -0.15 and P = 0.36, respectively). Conclusions: The present study showed that although serum leptin increases in febrile UTI, this increase is not correlated with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Also, this marker cannot discriminate between cystitis and acute pyelonephritis.
Når studenter og underviseres forventninger til mediebruk kolliderer
Authors: Bjørgen Anne Mette , Fritze Yvonne
Published: November 2020

Artikkelen undersøker hvordan bachelorstudenter forholder seg til de mediene og den teknologien det forventes at de bruker i undervisning og i eget studiearbeid. Fokus rettes mot det mange betegner som et gap mellom undervisernes læringsintenderte bruk av medier og studentenes mediepraksiser. Artikkelen baseres på gruppeintervjuer, aktivitetslogger i høgskolens læringsplattform og en spørreundersøkelse. I analysen brukes rammeteori og systemteori for å forstå hvordan studentene fortolker, eller rammer inn, mediepraksiser i undervisning og studiearbeid. Artikkelen bidrar med empirisk basert kunnskap som er viktig for å forstå hvordan individuelle fortolkninger har betydning for engasjement og deltakelse i mediepraksiser. Resultatene synliggjør at det ikke kan tas for gitt at dagens studenter mestrer å bruke medier slik det forventes i høyere utdanning. Vi ser at både studenter og fagpersoner kan bli mer bevisste på hvordan individuelle fortolkninger får betydning for hvordan man engasjerer seg i mediepraksiser, ikke minst i lys av ønsker om studentaktiviserende undervisning.
Visualización de datos y la imaginación moderna
Authors: Cantón-Correa Javier
Published: November 2020

Tras la invención y expansión de los mapas como representaciones visuales del mundo, cuya fidelidad fue en aumento hasta poder ser usados como herramientas precisas de navegación, en el siglo XVIII se dio origen a la forma que muchas de las visualizaciones de datos aún tienen hoy día, como los gráficos de barras o de líneas. Por tanto, aunque hay una larga trayectoria histórica hasta llegar al nivel de complejidad y sofisticación actual, se suele admitir que fue en la última mitad del siglo XIX cuando se sentaron las bases modernas de esta disciplina. Se considera este período la «Edad Dorada» de la visualización de datos, por cuanto este lenguaje explotó en una multitud de representaciones nunca vista antes, coincidiendo con el desarrollo de la ciencia, la tecnología y el proyecto de la Modernidad. Una exposición virtual de la Biblioteca de la Universidad de Stanford " Data Visualization and the Modern Imagination" muestra ahora, a través de varias visualizaciones de datos clásicas, la evolución e importancia de esta disciplina que hoy está, de nuevo, en auge.
Service Provider Perspectives Regarding Knowledge Sharing Activities in Community-Based Services
Authors: Fulford Casey , Cobigo Virginie
Published: November 2020

Evaluation of knowledge mobilization (KM) activities in community-based mental health and social service organizations is needed. Our objective was to understand how service providers want to access and share knowledge, in order to improve KM practices to better support adults with intellectual disabilities. We distributed information about five strategies for supporting friendships; this included strategy descriptions, outcomes of strategy evaluations, and practical implementation considerations. We distributed information through a conference presentation, online presentations, and online modules. Service providers completed questionnaires and phone interviews. We present findings on their perspectives regarding the format and content of the material, which can inform future KM efforts.