bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percepciones y valoraciones periodísticas en torno del patrimonio arqueológico. El caso de Olavarria (Argentina)
Authors: Conforti María Eugenia , Giacomasso María Vanesa , Mariano Mercedes , Endere María Luz
Published: April 2016

La circulación del conocimiento arqueológico a través de los medios de comunicación locales contribuye a la visibilidad y la importancia social de la disciplina. En este sentido, los medios de comunicación son considerados espacios de educación no formal, dada su influencia en la opinión pública. Esta comunicación está mediada por los periodistas, que son vistos como actores claves. En este trabajo sus opiniones y percepciones se analizan en relación con la arqueología y el patrimonio arqueológico en la ciudad de Olavarría, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. También se discute el potencial de noticiabilidad de esta información. Las entrevistas a periodistas permite demostrar su falta de conocimiento sobre esta disciplina científica y el patrimonio. Ambas carencias generan una visión estereotipada del pasado, sin vínculos con el presente, lo que explica su exclusión de la agenda mediática. Sin embargo, hay una responsabilidad compartida entre los arqueólogos y periodistas en encontrar atractivas formas de proporcionar información. Tomando la falta general de conocimiento sobre el pasado como punto de partida para dar noticiabilidad a la información científica puede promover un cambio positivo, generar una mejor comprensión de su valor y contribuir a formar ciudadanos comprometidos y sensibles con sus contextos sociales y culturales.
Measuring Religious Identity Differently
Authors: Beyer Peter , Cummins Alyshea , Craig Scott
Published: April 2016

The research project reported here seeks to discover more about how Canadians, and younger Canadians in particular, imagine and construct their personal religious identities, and how they do so in a context of institutionalized religious diversity.
Comparison between open and laparoscopic elective cholecystectomy in elderly, in a teaching hospital
Authors: Rubert Cássio Padilha , Higa Roberta Alves , Farias Fabiano Vilas Boas
Published: April 2016

Objective: to analyze the differences in mortality rates, length of hospital stay, time of surgery and the conversion rate between elective open cholecystectomies (OC) and laparoscopic ones (LC) in elderly patients. Methods : we evaluated medical records of patients 65 years of age or older undergoing open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy at the Hospital Regional de Mato Grosso do Sul between January 2008 and December 2011. We excluded individuals operated in non-elective scenarios or who underwent intraoperative cholangiography. Results : we studied 113 patients, of whom 38.1% were submitted to the OC and 61.9%, to LC. Women accounted for 69% of patients and men, for 31%. The conversion rate was 2.9%. The mean age and duration of the procudure was 70.1 and 84 minutes, respectively, with no significant difference between OC and LC. Patients undergoing LC had shorter hospital stays (2.01 versus 2.95 days, p=0.0001). We identified operative complications in sixpatients (14%) after OC and in nine (12%) after LC, with no statistical difference. Conclusion : there was no difference in morbidity and mortality when comparing OC with LC. The laparoscopic approach led to shorter hospital stay. Operative time did not differ between the two access routes. The conversion rate was similar to other studies.
Aversão à desigualdade e preferências por redistribuição: A percepção de mobilidade econômica as afeta no Brasil?
Authors: Méndez Yasmín Salazar , Waltenberg Fábio D.
Published: April 2016

Resumo A noção de que a redistribuição é dos ricos para os pobres permitiria concluir a priori que os pobres são os principais partidários de medidas redistributivas, ao serem os potenciais beneficiários. Não obstante, estudos realizados principalmente para países desenvolvidos sugerem que a aversão à desigualdade e as preferências por redistribuição são moldadas por fatores que vão além do pecuniário. Neste trabalho, analisa-se o efeito da mobilidade econômica subjetiva na aversão à desigualdade e na demanda por redistribuição dos brasileiros, usando-se uma base de dados única, representativa do país, coletada em 2012. Os resultados sugerem que, em contradição com previsões teóricas e com evidências de países desenvolvidos, mesmo pessoas que aspiram ascender socialmente no futuro incomodam-se com a desigualdade e são favoráveis a políticas redistributivas. Brasileiros que perceberam uma piora na sua situação econômica também mostram-se favoráveis à redistribuição, resultado mais convencional. Ambos os conjuntos de resultados são confirmados por estimações feitas em subamostras definidas por renda familiar. Levantam-se hipóteses para se tentar explicar os resultados inesperados.
The utility of Bambusoideae (Poaceae, Poales) leaf blade anatomy for identification and systematics
Authors: Leandro T. D. , Shirasuna R. T. , Filgueiras T. S. , Scatena V. L.
Published: April 2016

Abstract Bambusoideae is a diverse subfamily that includes herbaceous (Olyreae) and woody (Arundinarieae and Bambuseae) bamboos. Species within Bambusae are particularly difficult to identify due to their monocarpic lifecycle and the often long durations between mass flowering events; whereas the herbaceous bamboos are pluricarpic, but often are found with no reproductive structures. The leaf blade anatomy of 16 sympatric species of native Brazilian bamboos (Olyreae and Bambuseae) from the Atlantic Rainforest was studied in order to detect useful features for their identification. All the studied species share the following features: epidermis with a single stratum of cells; adaxial bulliform cells; mesophyll with arm cells, rosette cells, and fusoid cells; and collateral vascular bundles. Herbaceous bamboos share two features: papillae scattered on the abaxial surface and parallel-sided arrays of bulliform cells; whereas woody bamboos share: centrally organized papillae and fan-shaped arrays of bulliform cells. Also within the woody bamboos, intercostal fibers and a midrib with only one vascular bundle (simple midrib) characterize the subtribe Arthrostylidiinae; whereas a midrib with more than one vascular bundle (complex midrib) and a stomatal apparatus with two pappilae per subsidiary cell characterize the subtribe Chusqueinae. There are also diagnostic features for the sampled species, such as: papillae shape, and the outline and structure of the midrib. An identification key for all the studied species is provided based on the anatomical features.
Modeling habitat suitability of the invasive clam Corbicula fluminea in a Neotropical shallow lagoon, southern Brazil
Authors: Silveira T. C. L. , Gama A. M. S. , Alves T. P. , Fontoura N. F.
Published: April 2016

Abstract This study aimed to model the habitat suitability for an invasive clam Corbicula fluminea in a coastal shallow lagoon in the southern Neotropical region (–30.22, –50.55). The lagoon (19km2, maximum deep 2.5m) was sampled with an Ekman dredge in an orthogonal matrix comprising 84 points. At each sampling point, were obtained environmental descriptors as depth, organic matter content (OMC), average granulometry (Avgran), and the percentage of sand (Pcsand). Prediction performance of Generalized Linear Models (GLM), Generalized Additive Models (GAM) and Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) were compared. Also, niche overlapping with other native clam species (Castalia martensi, Neocorbicula limosa and Anodontites trapesialis) was examined. A BRT model with 1400 trees was selected as the best model, with cross-validated correlation of 0.82. The relative contributions of predictors were Pcsand-42.6%, OMC-35.8%, Avgran-10.9% and Depth-10.8%. Were identified that C. fluminea occur mainly in sandy sediments with few organic matter, in shallow areas nor by the shore. The PCA showed a wide niche overlap with the native clam species C. martensi, N. limosa and A. trapesialis.
Walking stability of Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius, 1792) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Authors: Pires E. M. , Nogueira R. M. , Pina D. S. , Manica C. L. M. , Faroni L. R. A. , Moreira P. S. A.
Published: April 2016

Abstract Results obtained in studies can contribute to the advancement of science and innovative methods and techniques for developing practical activities. Reporting conditions that may restrict the implementation of research is critical to ensure the optimal development of further technical studies. The objective of this study was to assess the walking stability of R. dominica on a flat and smooth surface. The study was based on the determination of mortality, morphology and walking stability of the insect outside the grain mass, on a flat and smooth surface. Mortality of adults of this Coleoptera in conditions with and without food was similar, which explains the difficulty that this insect had for accessing the food source on the flat and smooth surface. The measurements of body length (BOL), width (BOW) and height (BOH) of R. dominica were compared with those of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), which showed good ability to walk in these conditions. This study indicated that the former presents lower BOL and BOW, and greater BOH than the second, and all these variables showed differences when analyzed simultaneously by means of the construction of multivariate morphometric indices (Width × Height, Length × Height and Height × Length × Width). These morphometric variables, together with the definition of the geometry most similar to the body shape, resulted in determination of the center of gravity (CG) and static rollover threshold (SRTgeom) for both species. Rhyzopertha dominica and T. castaneum presented CGs considered high and low, respectively, and together with the values obtained for SRTgeom, may justify that R. dominica can be considered a less stable species during movement, and presents greater risk of rollover on flat and smooth surfaces.
Efeitos do saber-fazer de psicólogos na Saúde Mental do Piauí
Authors: Macedo João Paulo , Dimenstein Magda
Published: April 2016

Resumo Pretende-se analisar os saberes e práticas de psicólogos que atuam na rede de Saúde Mental, bem como seus efeitos na produção do cuidado e modos de implicação destes profissionais com o processo de Reforma Psiquiátrica em curso no país. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, com uso de entrevista semiestruturada (n = 29) e observação dos processos de trabalho e organização dos serviços localizados em Teresina-PI: CAPS, Unidades Básicas de Saúde, serviços ambulatoriais, hospitais psiquiátricos e gerência de Saúde Mental. Os resultados indicam que a formação graduada e pós-graduada aporta poucos conhecimentos teóricos e práticos para os psicólogos atuarem na Saúde Mental. Os norteadores teórico-técnicos e prático-profissionais escolhidos pelos entrevistados indicam um compromisso com o saber-fazer clássico do psicólogo, pouco consoante com a perspectiva da Atenção Psicossocial, e consequentemente, com a sustentação política do processo de Reforma Psiquiátrica e Luta Antimanicomial.
Do “não ceder de seu desejo” ao “bem-dizer o desejo”: considerações acerca da ética em Lacan
Authors: Wendling Michelle Menezes , Coelho Daniel Menezes
Published: April 2016

Resumo No Seminário da ética, Lacan opôs a pastoral analítica à ética do “não ceder de seu desejo”. Ao pôr o desejo como parâmetro, tal ética questiona valores universais para alcançar uma suposta boa vida. Comparamos tal formulação à ética do “bem-dizer o desejo”, destacada por Lacan em Televisão. Se no Seminário 7 temos uma crítica aos ideais de felicidade associados ao mercado dos bens, na ética do “bem-dizer o desejo”, a felicidade aparece como parte do sintoma, vinculada aos diferentes modos de gozo, via possível para questionar a atual injunção a aproveitar, vinculada a uma certa cultura da alta performance.
Valoração do conhecimento nas organizações: as concepções dos indiVíduos no contexto do trabalho
Authors: Cherman Andréa , Rocha-Pinto Sandra Regina da
Published: April 2016

Resumo Este estudo objetiva analisar os diferentes modos pelos quais os membros organizacionais percebem e experimentam a valoração do conhecimento no contexto do trabalho. Realizou-se uma pesquisa fenomenográfica com profissionais de RH, que, a princípio, promoveriam a visão do conhecimento compartilhado entre os diversos grupos da organização. Emergiram, dos relatos, cinco concepções acerca da valoração do conhecimento no contexto do trabalho, retratando diferentes modos de conceber o conhecimento valorado e de se comportar em relação a ele, em função do contexto sócio-espaço-temporal percebido naquele arranjo (LATOUR, 2012) e da consciência focal dos indivíduos (MARTON; BOOTH, 1997). Os achados revelam que: i) o fenômeno é multidimensional, dada a relação do indivíduo com os diversos níveis de interação social; ii) os diferentes níveis de interação social influenciam nas várias concepções de conhecimento de valor, pela importância atribuída a cada grupo/dimensão; iii) os mecanismos de identificação, identidade organizacional e iv) mecanismo de poder atuam no alinhamento entre sujeito e organização para a construção do fenômeno; e v) há encaixe da concepção de valoração do conhecimento do indivíduo ao tipo de organização – modelo de gestão e estrutura organizacional – em que ele está inserido.
Descrição do crescimento de ovinos Santa Inês utilizando modelos não-lineares selecionados por análise multivariada
Authors: TEIXEIRA NETO Milton Rezende , CRUZ Jurandir Ferreira da , FARIA Helder Henrique Neves , SOUZA Emanuely Santos , CARNEIRO Paulo Luiz Souza , MALHADO Carlos Henrique Mendes
Published: April 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o crescimento de ovinos Santa Inês utilizando modelos não-lineares selecionados por análise multivariada. Dezessete modelos não-lineares foram utilizados para descrever o crescimento de cordeiros do nascimento aos 210 dias de idade. Os modelos foram classificados por meio de análise multivariada utilizando o coeficiente de determinação ajustado, critério de informação de Akaike, critério de informação Bayesiano, erro quadrático médio de predição, coeficiente de determinação de predição, desvio médio absoluto dos resíduos e percentual de convergência como avaliadores da qualidade do ajuste. Os modelos Richards, Reynolds e Weibull não convergiram e os modelos Schnute, Meloun II, IV e VI, Gamito, Michaelis Menten e Michaelis Menten Modificado não apresentaram padrão de crescimento tradicional. Os modelos Mitscherlich, Gompertz, Logístico, Meloun I, III e V, Brody e Von Bertalanffy convergiram e foram utilizados na análise de agrupamento. Dentre os quatroclusters formados, o primeiro, composto pelos modelos Mitscherlich, Meloun I e Brody, apresentou os melhores valores para os critério de informação de Akaike e bayesiano. Os parâmetros da curva foram influenciados pelo sexo e o tipo de parto (P<0,05) e o ponto inflexão ocorreu aos 94 dias de idade. Os modelos Mitscherlich, Meloun I e Brody são adequados e equivalentes para descrição do crescimento de ovinos Santa Inês.
Resistance to Propanil in Ricefield Bulrush (Schoenoplectus mucronatus) Is Conferred by apsbAMutation, Val219to Ile
Authors: Pedroso Rafael M. , Al-Khatib Kassim , Abdallah Ibrahim , Alarcón-Reverte Rocio , Fischer Albert J.
Published: April 2016

Determining the mechanisms of herbicide resistance in weeds allows for the development and implementation of applied management practices aimed to control and to prevent further spread of herbicide-resistant populations in crop fields. This research was conducted to determine propanil resistance and cross-resistance to other photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors in ricefield bulrush biotypes and to elucidate the mechanism of propanil resistance. To this end, propanil-resistant (R) and propanil-susceptible (S) biotypes were selected from field-collected populations after propanil spraying at the field rate, and whole-plant, dose–response experiments were conducted to evaluate cross-resistance to PSII inhibitors and interactions between propanil and the insecticides malathion and carbaryl. In addition, thepsbAgene from R and S biotypes was sequenced for amino acid alterations following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Plant survival data indicated the R biotype displayed a 14-fold increase in propanil resistance relative to the susceptible (S) biotype. In addition, the propanil-R biotype also had increased resistance to the PSII-inhibitors bromoxynil, diuron, and metribuzin but was more susceptible to bentazon than were propanil-S plants. Synergism between propanil and the insecticides carbaryl and malathion was greater in the S biotype than it was in the R biotype, indicating that, unlike propanil resistance in weedy grasses, enhanced degradation of the herbicide molecule is not a mechanism of resistance for propanil in ricefield bulrush. A Val219to Ile substitution in the propanil-R chloroplast D1 protein was identified following sequencing of thepsbAgene. This research suggests a single-point mutation at the target site causes resistance to propanil, diuron, metribuzin, and bromoxynil but increasing susceptibility to bentazon in propanil-R ricefield bulrush, a novel Val219–Ile feature. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of propanil resistance in weeds because of a mechanism other than enhanced herbicide metabolism. Tank-mixing bentazon and propanil, where permitted, can control both propanil-R and propanil-S biotypes.
Photosystem II Inhibitor Resistance in the Columbia Basin of Washington State
Authors: Spring John F. , Boydston Rick A. , Burke Ian C.
Published: April 2016

Weed management in potato and mint rely heavily on two Group 5 photosystem II–inhibiting herbicides, metribuzin and terbacil, respectively. Seed from weed escapes was collected in 2010 from 69 potato and mint production fields in Washington State and tested for resistance to metribuzin and terbacil. Of the seed screened, 26 of 51 Powell amaranth and redroot pigweed accessions and 8 of 23 common lambsquarters accessions tested expressed at least some degree of resistance to one or both herbicides. A Ser264Gly mutation in the chloroplastpsbA gene was present in all but three resistant accessions. Herbicides with other mechanisms of action registered in potato and mint controlled all identified photosystem II–resistant accessions when applied at typical labeled rates.
Application Timing Influences Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Susceptibility to EPTC and Fomesafen
Authors: Reed Thomas V. , Boyd Nathan S. , Dittmar Peter J.
Published: April 2016

Purple and yellow nutsedge are problematic weeds in Florida small fruit and vegetable production. EPTC and fomesafen are PRE herbicides that suppress both nutsedge species, but field application in Florida has shown control to be erratic. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in Gainesville, FL, from May to August 2014 and in Wimauma, FL, from March to May 2015 to investigate susceptibility of purple and yellow nutsedge to EPTC and fomesafen applications. Treatments included EPTC at 2.91 kg ai ha−1and fomesafen at 0.42 kg ai ha−1at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 d after planting (DAP) tubers, plus a nontreated control. EPTC and fomesafen applications averaged across timings decreased purple and yellow nutsedge emergence, shoot height, leaf number, and shoot mass compared to the nontreated control. Herbicide applications 0 DAP reduced purple nutsedge emergence greater than 65% compared to the nontreated control and caused at least 74% injury 4 wk after planting. Herbicide applications 0 DAP decreased yellow nutsedge emergence and shoot mass compared to the nontreated control by at least 86 and 93%, respectively. Applications of EPTC and fomesafen have the ability to suppress short-term purple and yellow nutsedge growth. Applications made at or prior to tuber sprouting maximize herbicide efficacy.
Chromium removal from electroplating waste using palm oil fuel ash
Authors: Fongsatitkul Prayoon , Elefsiniotis Panagiotis , Boonma Chulamard
Published: April 2016

This laboratory-scale study investigated the use of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as an adsorbent to remove hexavalent chromium (Cr) from electroplating waste water as well as the potential of POFA as an admixture in a cement-based stabilisation and solidification (S/S) process. Results indicated that POFA was very effective in removing chromium, exceeding the 99·5% level in all experimental runs. Overall, adsorption improved as the POFA particle size decreased and the concentration of the reagent (ferrous chloride) added increased. Regarding the S/S tests, both the compressive strength and the chromium leachability of the solidified samples were found to be optimal at the lower explored ranges of POFA and ash-sludge mix ratio (0·25/0·25), water-to-solids ratio (0·7) and POFA particle size (<75 µm). Furthermore, both the compressive strength and the chromium leaching concentration of the solidified sludge samples were much lower than 5 mg/l (under most conditions tested), which satisfied the required Thai standards, either for application as a construction material or for secure landfill disposal.
HOW DOES SA COMPARE: Experiences of crime and policing in an African context
Authors: Mattes Robert
Published: April 2016

Afrobarometer’s regular surveys of public attitudes toward governance, democracy and economics in 18 African countries shows that experiences of crime and concerns over safety in South Africa are indeed quite prevalent, but are by no means exceptional. People in some African countries are as, or even more, fearful than South Africans, and there are several countries in which people confront crime more frequently than do South Africans. The results also show that the South African Police Service, despite having higher levels of physical and human capital than its counterparts to the north, often lags well behind in terms of transparency and community relations.
TIME TO TAKE ACTION: The 2006/07 crime statistics
Authors: Burger Johan
Published: April 2016

With increases of 2.4% and 4.6% respectively in the murder and aggravated robbery rates, the police’s release of the 2006/07 crime statistics confirmed the fears of many that violent crime is on the increase. During the media conference the police communicated the bad news badly in an obvious attempt to downplay the seriousness of a situation over which they, according to their own admission, actually have very little control. In a bizarre way this confirms that whatever we are doing to fight crime isn’t working and that it is time to consider something completely different.
Antisocial personalities: Measuring prevalence among offenders in South Africa
Authors: Louw Dap , Loots Sonja
Published: April 2016

The identification of offenders who meet the criteria for psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder or dissocial personality disorder could be of significant value to help address the violent crime crisis in South Africa. A sample of 500 male maximum security offenders was selected to determine the prevalence of these disorders among South African offenders. Results for the incidence of psychopathy and dissocial personality disorder indicate a similar trend to that found in other countries; whereas the prevalence of antisocial personality disorder contradicts international findings.
What we know - and what we don't: Single and multiple perpetrator rape in South Africa
Authors: Jewkes Rachel , Vetten Lisa , Jina Ruxana , Christofides Nicola , Sigsworth Romi , Loots Lizle
Published: April 2016

This article offers an analysis of 1 886 rape dockets opened at 70 police stations in Gauteng Province in 2003. Multiple perpetrator rape (‘gang rape’) constituted 16% of all cases. Most of these incidents started when the victim was outdoors, either alone or accompanied, and occurred in the open or in a public space. In contrast, single perpetrator rape mostly occurs in a home. A key finding was that fewer than 40% of victims of either single or multiple perpetrator rape indicated that they had verbally or physically resisted the attacker. Yet in most cases perpetrators were not armed. Further, an analysis of J88 forms showed many victims had no injuries other than genital or anal injury. Injuries to other parts of the body were only found in 27% of single and 35% of multiple perpetrator rape victims. Although most victims reported to the police within 72 hours of the rape, the arrest rate was low, particularly for multiple perpetrator rapes (39%). The study showed that there are very important differences between single perpetrator and multiple perpetrator rape. It also points to a mismatch between perpetrators’ accounts and police case reports, suggesting differences in under-reporting between these two types of rapes. Improvement of DNA testing and rape case arrests of multiple perpetrator rapes are matters of  urgency, and reasons for differences in low arrest rates should be the next step in the examination of multiple rape cases.
THE PARADOX OF CRIME PERCEPTIONS: SAPS crime statistics, Victims of Crime Surveys and the media
Authors: Govender Megan
Published: April 2016

A disjuncture exists between perceptions of crime and the actual levels of recorded crime. The 2012/13 crime statistics released by the South African Police Service reveal an overall decrease in serious crime between 2002/03 and 2012/13. Yet, during this period, suspicions lingered among the public and media that crime was actually increasing. This article investigates the reporting of crime and demonstrates that household perceptions of property crime and violent crime can be interpreted and reported in contradictory ways. It can be variously shown that most households feel that crime has not decreased, nor do they feel it has increased and nor do they feel it has stayed the same.  Consequently, the reporting of the perceptions of crime needs to be carefully and explicitly communicated to mitigate any confusion that may ensue.
Facilitating or hindering social cohesion? The impact of the Community Work Programme in selected South African townships
Authors: Langa Malose , Masuku Themba , Bruce David , Van der Merwe Hugo
Published: April 2016

In recent years, the term “social cohesion” has become an important concept in post-apartheid South Africa.[i] In this paper, we discuss the potential  of the Community Work Programme (CWP) as a violence-prevention project based on a study conducted[ii] in six communities, namely Ivory Park, Orange Farm and Kagiso (situated in Gauteng Province), Bokfontein (North West Province), Grabouw and Mannenberg (Western Cape). In this paper, we discuss the potential of CWP in facilitating social cohesion to prevent violence in communities. The CWP work includes community violence-prevention programmes against gangsterism, drug abuse, domestic violence and xenophobic violence. Ordinarily many of these violence prevention projects would not have been possible if it was not for the CWP. However, this paper shows that that the impact of the CWP is not always positive. In some of the six communities, the CWP was a source of racial or interpersonal conflicts, power struggles amongst the local elites for the control of the CWP, xenophobic or ethnic divisions. This paper provides all this analysis to show tensions and contradictions of the CWP in facilitating and hindering social cohesion in communities. It is recommended in conclusion that, if not implemented well, the CWP may be a source of conflict rather than social cohesion. It needs to be implemented in a reliable and stable way if it is to assist in reducing violence in communities.[i] Ingrid Palmary, Reflections on social cohesion in contemporary South Africa, Psychology in Society (forthcoming)[ii] This study was conducted by researchers at the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation (CSVR)
Is social cohesion relevant to a city in the global south? A case study of Khayelitsha township
Authors: Barolsky Vanessa Emma
Published: April 2016

The concept of social cohesion is increasingly being utilised in local and international policy discourse and scholarship. The idea of collective efficacy, defined as ‘social cohesion among neighbours combined with their willingness of intervene on behalf of the common good,’ has been posited as having an important protective effect against violence. This article investigates the relevance of international framings of social cohesion and collective efficacy, which have largely been conceptualised and tested in the global north, to the conditions of social life and violence prevention in a city in the global south. These circumstances are interrogated through an ethnographic study conducted in Khayelitsha township in the Western Cape, where a major internationally funded and conceptualised violence prevention intervention, Violence Prevention through Urban Upgrading (VPUU), has been implemented. The ethnographic material contests some of the key assumptions in international discourses on social cohesion and the manner in which social cohesion has been interpreted and effected in the violence prevention initiatives of VPUU.
Preferencias de Universidad y Carreras con mayor demanda en la Región San Martín 2017 - 2019
Authors: Paz Vilchez José Eber , López Díaz Kimberly , Romero Chinguel Lory Clarita
Published: April 2016

La presente investigación se desarrolló en el departamento de San Martin. El objetivo principal de este estudio es conocer las preferencias demandadas por los estudiantes al momento de elegir una carrera universitaria, así también la preferencia de la universidad para realizar sus estudios superiores. El método de estudio fue de tipo descriptivo, de diseño transversal. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 1435 estudiantes de 14 a 20 años que vienen cursando del 3er año al 5to de secundaria la cual se tuvo como referencia las Provincias y Distritos de la Región San Martín. Tarapoto, Rioja, Moyobamba, Nueva Cajamarca, Juanjui, Yurimaguas, Bellavista Lamas y Tocache. Se aplicó el instrumento que se utilizó para medir las preferencias de las carreras más demandantes. Por las cuales se realizaron diferentes preguntas, basadas la elección de una carrera y el centro educativo donde estudiar. El resultado obtenido ubica en primer lugar a la Universidad Nacional de San Martín con un 25.6%, (368), seguido por la Universidad Peruana Unión con un 18.8% (270), teniendo como carreras banderas medicina con 15.7% (225), seguido por Ingeniería civil 14.4% (217) y Administración de Empresas 11.2% (161). Se concluye que en la Región de San Martín existe demanda por las Universidades y carreras tradicionales.
Recensiones
Authors: Barojas Sánchez Josefina
Published: April 2016

Recensiones
BY THE RECONSTRUCTION OF URBAN COMMUNITY GARDEN
Authors: IVANOVA Lyudmila Igorevna , LITVINOV Denis Vladimirovich
Published: April 2016

The paper considers foreign experience of landscape design and reconstruction of Pocket parks and gives examples of existing urban public gardens of Samara and their comprehensive analysis, introduces principles of reconstruction. Particular att ention is paid to style and image peculiarities of small urban community garden, depending on their size, functional use and location in the structure of the city.
CURRENT DIRECTIONS OF THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANTS
Authors: VAVILOVA Tatiana Yanovna , KOVALENKOV Ivan Olegovich
Published: April 2016

The article investigates contemporary approaches to the architectural design of waste management plants. The authors analyze waste management current state in Russia and abroad. Problems of formation of the infrastructure and prospects of development of the architectural typology of waste management facilities are also considered. The paper classifies innovative architectural trends of increasing environmental and social value of waste transfer stations, waste recycling plants and incineration plants and provides illustrative examples.
DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF BUSINESS CENTERS IN A SUBURBAN AREA
Authors: KAIASOV Aleksei Andreevich
Published: April 2016

In this article the author regards the possibilities of formation and development of business centers in Samara and in a suburban area, the potential of growth of their number, the main indicators, pluses of a country arrangement of business centers in structure of the existing airport, in a forest zone and variant of strategic development of business function in possible structure of agglomeration Big Samara. In addition, the author describes a potential of the selected area in preparation for the World Cup in 2018, the opportunities and the realization strategies of the location of the business function near the future stadium, its impact on the transport frame in the given area, its role in the urban fabric. The author describes three possible scenarios - Business Airport, Business-highway and Business-recreation and concludes about their possible implementation in the structure of the urban environment and the subsequent development of urban transport.
SURROUNDINGS AS A SOURCE OF A UNIQUE CHARACTER OF HOTEL DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE
Authors: TABAEVA Elena Vladimirovna
Published: April 2016

The article shows a possibility of using contextual surroundings of an architectural object as a source of its visual and conceptual distinction. This approach is adopter to hotels and hostels, objects of hospitality industry. The author shows how the need for unique character of these objects can be satisfi ed if various external conditions are taken into account. Hotels and hostels situated in diff erent cultural, geographical and historical contexts are chosen for analysis. The paper introduces project methods used for these objects analysis and sums up the prior experience of design. The author makes a conclusion that surrounding context is used as a widely spread and actual means while designing unique character of objects of hospitality industry.
El problema del consumo de cannabis: el papel del Sector Salud
Authors: Del Bosque Jesús , Fernández Carmen , Sánchez Huesca Ricardo , Bruno Díaz David , Gutiérrez López Alma Delia , Fuentes Mairena Alba , Espínola Mariana , González García Noé , Loredo Abdalá Arturo , Medina-Mora Ma. Elena , Alvara Nanni
Published: April 2016

Un grupo de investigadores y clínicos de diversas especialidades, reunidos por la Coordinación de Institutos Nacionales de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, ha analizado en forma conjunta los principales problemas de adicciones que aquejan al país con el fin de identificar campos para la colaboración interinstitucional y hacer propuestas de política pú- blica. Este grupo previamente publicó un documento sobre el abuso de bebidas con alcohol y en esta ocasión abordará el tema del consumo de Cannabis. El grupo de trabajo identificó el consumo de esta sustancia como segunda prioridad en la problemática del consumo de drogas en nuestro país
Efectos del consumo de marihuana en escolares sobre funciones cerebrales demostrados mediante pruebas neuropsicológicas e imágenes de neuro-SPECT
Authors: Mena Ismael , Dörr Anneliese , Viani Sandra , Neubauer Sonia , Gorostegui María Elena , Dörr María Paz , Ulloa Diana
Published: April 2016

Estudio comparativo basado en 565 escolares adolescentes pertenecientes a cuatro colegios de Santiago, Chile. Fueron encuestados todos para seleccionar una muestra estratificada por sexo, curso y condición de consumidores o no consumidores, manteniendo constante las variables coeficiente intelectual y nivel socioeconómico. Se conforman dos grupos: 40 consumidores exclusivos de marihuana y 40 no consumidores. Se comparan los resultados obtenidos en ambos grupos en los Test Neuropsicológios y del NeuroSPECT de consumidores con una base de datos considerados normales para el mismo grupo etario. Los adolescentes consumidores de marihuana evidencian menores habilidades cognitivas asociadas al proceso de aprendizaje, tales como atención, concentración, jerarquización, integración visoespacial, retención inmediata y memoria visual. Las diferencias entre ambos grupos son estadísticamente significativas. Los hallazgos del NeuroSPECT muestran hipoperfusión subgenual bilateral, más marcada en el hemisferio izquierdo (área 25 de Brodmann), hipoperfusión frontal bilateral (areas 10 y 32 de Brodmann), hipoperfusión del gyrus cingulado anterior (área 24 de Brodmann) e hipoperfusión del área 36 de Brodmann que proyecta sobre el hipocampo. Los estudiantes consumidores exclusivamente de marihuana muestran compromiso coincidente en neuroimágenes y test neuropsicológicos en áreas del cerebro relacionadas con el aprendizaje y se diferencian significativamente de los no-consumidores en las pruebas neuropsicológicas.
Estudio comparativo sobre depresión y los factores asociados en alumnos del primer año de la Facultad de Medicina y del Internado
Authors: Romo Nava Francisco , Tafoya Silvia A. , Heinze Gerhard
Published: April 2016

La prevalencia de depresión en estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina (EM) es mayor que en la población general y cambia a lo largo del tiempo. No se conoce si la prevalencia de depresión es mayor y los factores asociados son diferentes en estudiantes que inician el último y el primer año académico de la carrera de Medicina. Objetivo. Comparar la prevalencia de Depresión y los factores asociados en EM que inician el año académico en primer ano y aquellos que realizan el año de internado. Método. Este es un estudio observacional, transversal y analítico. Participaron un total de 1871 EM: 1240 que iniciaban el primer ano de la carrera y 631 que iniciaban el ano de internado. Los alumnos contestaron una encuesta en papel compuesta por el Cuestionario sobre Factores de riesgo para Depresión y el Cuestionario sobre la Salud del Paciente (PHQ-9, por sus siglas en ingles) para evaluar la presencia actual de depresión. Resultados. La prevalencia de Depresión (PHQ-9=10) resulto significativamente mayor en los estudiantes de internado comparados con los de primer año (5.7 vs. 3.5%). El porcentaje de alumnos con antecedente personal de depresión fue mayor en los alumnos de internado con respecto a los de primer año (12.1% vs. 7.1%), como lo fue el promedio de episodios depresivos previos (3.2 vs. 1.6). La edad de inicio del primer episodio depresivo fue significativamente mayor para los del quinto año. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de Depresión en EM que inician el año académico es mayor en la etapa final de la carrera y puede ser atribuible, entre otros factores, a un fenómeno acumulativo de carga alostatica que actualmente genera este proceso educativo. Los antecedentes personales para depresión y los factores situacionales se asocian a la presencia de depresión de una forma diferente de acuerdo al año académico y deben de ser considerados en futuros estudios.
Edad de presentación de los reactivos del Test de Denver II en Niños de 0 a 4 años de edad del Estado de Morelos
Authors: Rivera González Rolando , Sánchez Carmen , Corral Guille Ismene , Figueroa Olea Miriam , Soler Limón Karla , Martínez Vázquez Ivone , Oliveros María Luisa , Ortíz Martínez Magdalena
Published: April 2016

Uno de los instrumentos más utilizados a nivel internacional en la vigilancia del desarrollo del niño es la segunda versión del Denver Developmental Screening Test (DENVER II), del cual se han hecho evaluaciones y modificaciones en varios países, a partir de la estimación de la edad de presentación de los reactivos, pues constituye la base de su estructura y validez. Objetivo. Identificar las edades y secuencias de presentación de los reactivos del Test Denver II en los cuatro primeros años de vida en niños de condición socioeconómica baja de una comunidad del Estado de Morelos, México. Método. Se realizaron 2350 evaluaciones a niños de 0 a 48 meses de edad. Mediante un modelo de regresión logística se estimó la edad de presentación de cada reactivo para los percentiles 25, 50, 75 y 90. Se establecieron diferencias con los valores de referencia del instrumento con base en los intervalos de confianza al 95% para el percentil 90. Resultados. De los 98 reactivos evaluados, 42 se presentaron con retraso; 23 no mostraron diferencias estadísticas y 33 se lograron antes por los niños del estudio. En las áreas Motor grueso y Personal-social predominaron los retrasos en 19/25 y 11/21 reactivos respectivamente. Por el contrario en Motor Fino-Adaptativo y Lenguaje predominaron los adelantos en 11 de 22 y 16 de 30 reactivos. Conclusiones. Existen diferencias en las edades y secuencias de presentación de los reactivos del Test de Denver II en la población estudiada. Se recomienda realizar ajustes antes de implementar su uso en contextos socioculturales específicos.
Trastornos de conducta y redes sociales en Internet
Authors: Fernández Sánchez Néstor
Published: April 2016

Se describen y analizan los conceptos relacionados con las redes sociales en Internet, la adicción psicológica y los trastornos de conducta desde una perspectiva psicológica con el fin de comprender el fenómeno de la persistencia de uso de las RSI y sus posibles implicaciones. Derivado de lo anterior se exponen algunas recomendaciones que apoyarán a los profesionales en el estudio del comportamiento humano para identificar y evitar o minimizar un potencial problema por el abuso de la actividad que implica pertenecer a dichas redes
Catalytic Ozonation of 4-Nitrophenol in the Presence of Magnetically Separable Titanium Dioxide – Magnetite Composite
Authors: Kazakov D.A. , Vol’khin V.V. , Kaczmarski K. , Gulenova Yu.O. , Obirina M.N. , Rozhina D.A.
Published: April 2016

This paper deals with determining catalytic activities of titania (TiO2) with various crystalline structures and magnetite (Fe3O4) during mineralization of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous media by ozonation. Among the titania samples under study, amorphized TiO2 was shown to have the highest catalytic activity, while magnetite was characterized by the lowest catalytic activity. A procedure is proposed to synthesize a magnetically separable composite (TiO2/Fe3O4) including amorphized titania and magnetite phases, which involves deposition of a catalytically active titania phase on preformed magnetite particles. We also studied the effect of mass ratio of titania and magnetite phases in the composite on its catalytic activity during 4-nitrophenol mineralization by ozonation. It was found that catalytic activity of composite increased as the amorphized titania phase was doped with magnetite phase up to 30% wt but as the magnetite portion in the composite catalyst was further increased, its activity decreased. According to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, content of catalytically active sites (hydroxyl groups of titania) in the composite catalyst decreases as compared to the pure phase of amorphized titania. Increase in catalytic activity of the composite as its magnetite content increases to 30% wt can be attributed to increase of accessibility of catalytically active sites (OH groups) for ozone, because specific surface area and total pore volume of the composite catalyst as determined by BET increase as compared to amorphized TiO2 and catalytically active titania phase is located mostly on surface of magnetite particles which is indicated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) data. It was shown that the obtained composite catalyst of optimized composition, in spite of its fine particles, can be easily recovered from aqueous phase by magnetic field and used repeatedly in ozonation in order to promote water purification process.
«The Ball Lightning»: Physics Base & Conceptual Views Complex
Authors: Pinchuk Anton V. , Pinchuk Vladimir A.
Published: April 2016

The complex of conceptual views about ball lightning (BL) as containing surplus electrical charge quasi-stationary material foundation with distinctions between levels of translation temperature and exciting temperatures of chemical bonds and electron energy states has been offered and is substantiated in the paper. The being formed complex is grounded upon overstepping the limits of generally accepted physical base and is aimed at all-round substantiation of jointly observed in nature manifestations ob BL. Within the limits of the being formed complex the possibility of localization of ball lightning in airspace is confirmed. The nature of the one’s radiate capacity is substantiated. The role of  environment as source that feeds BL with energy is established. Power supply mechanisms, conditions and peculiarities of BL’s characteristics reproduction through lifetime are specified. The formations channels of energy resources of BL are turned out. Levels of BL’s energy potentialities, both permissibility proper and wide diapason of variation of the ones (multi-faces of ball lightning) are substantiated. Adequacy of being formulated conceptual views as a whole is confirmed.
Electric Properties of Organic-on-Inorganic n-Si/VOPc Heterojunction
Authors: Karimov Kh.S. , Irgaziev B.F. , Mahroof-Tahir M. , Qazi I. , Murtaza I. , Karieva Z.M. , Senin H.B.
Published: April 2016

In the current study vanadyl-phthalocyanine (VOPc) thin films were deposited by vacuum evaporation on n-Si substrate resulting in an organic-on-inorganic (n-Si/VOPc) heterojunctions. Ag films were deposited as electrodes. Thicknesses of the VOPc films were in the range of 100-300 nm. The dark I-V characteristics exhibited rectification behavior. The rectification ratio (RR) decreased from 4 to 0.4 as the thickness of the VOPc film decreased. The dark I-V characteristics were simulated by modified Schokley equation and spaace-charge limited currents (SCLC) approach. Investigations were carried out to study the effect of VOPc films thickness on reverse saturation current , diode quality factor and mobility of charge carriers.
Propargyl as Corrosion Inhibitor for Al-5%Si/15%SiC Composite in 0.5molar Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Asuke F. , Yaro S.A. , Oloche O.B.
Published: April 2016

The corrosion characteristic of Al-5%Si/15%SiC composite in 0.5molar sodium hydroxide solution (cauustic soda) using propargyl as corrosion inhibitors was investigated employing gravimetric and potential measurements. The research was carried out at different inhibitor concentrations, time and temperature rangges of 0.5 – 2.5% v/v, 1– 5 hours and 30 – 70 °C respectively. Results obtained revealed that propargyl is a moderate corrosion inhibitor for the composite, with maximum inhibition efficiency of 59.23% at 30 °C and inhibitor concentration of 1.5% v/v. Thermodynamic parameters such as heat of adsorption, free energy and activation energy were obtained from experimental data and the mechanism of inhibition was elucidated. The inhibitor is physically and chemically absorbed unto the surface of the composite.
Mechanically Activated Chemical Conversion of Gaseous Hydrocarbons
Authors: Gamolin O.Ye. , Golovko A.K. , Lomovsky O.I. , Kam'yanov V.F.
Published: April 2016

Propane-butane gaseous mixtures were subjected to mechanical treatment in centrifugal ball mill in the absence or presence of some mineral particles. It was found that the composition of gas mixture was changed significantly depending on duration of the mechanical coercion and solid or porous nature of mineral additives. The mechanical treatment of light hydrocarbons in the presence of quartz particles at the temperatures not exceeding 100 °C resulted at long last in complete conversion of initial organic compounds to methane, hydrogen and small amounts of carbon. The same alterations of gas composition were lesser profound when the mechanical treatment was carried out in the absence of minerals or in the presence of porous silica gel or aluminum oxide. It have been shown that direct transformation of mechanic energy to intramolecular energy of hydrocarbons is more responsible for their destruction during the process considered rather than catalytic properties of the minerals. The removal of heavier hydrocarbons from natural or casing-head petroleum gas by means of MA treatment permits to facilitate further gas transportation and to improve essentially its heat-physical properties, namely, to decrease gas average molecular mass and specific gravity and to increase its caloricity and Wobbe number' values.