bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between color black and economic trends in Women's fashion
Authors: Koh Youngrim
Published: October 2018

Economic fluctuation is one of the important factors for fashion color planning. Black is a color that stands out especially when the economy stagnates. Although the correlations between different uses of the color black and economic trends have been long recognized by fashion professionals, it is difficult to find a meaningful empirical analysis of the difference in the use of black depending on the economic situation. The purpose of this study is not only to quantitatively analyze the different usages of the color black in relation to economic situation in the field of fashion, but also to prove whether black is in greater use during economic recession and to provide basic data for fashion color planning accordingly. In addition, this study analyzed the symbolism of black qualitatively along with quantitative data to explain the background of black as a representative color of depression. In this study, the economic outlook is classified from the viewpoint of comprehensive economy, consumers, and businessmen and the differences of how black was used in fashion are analyzed. As an indicator of economic fluctuation, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Composite Leading Index, OECD Consumer Confidence Index and OECD Business Confidence Index are used to categorize economic uptrend (positive mood) and economic downtrend (negative mood). The fashion colors collected from the 2001‐2010 New York collection were divided into S/S and F/W seasons. As a result of the analysis, there was no difference in the use of black according to the OECD Composite Leading Index and Consumer Confidence Index, both in the S/S and the F/W seasons. But the use of black increased in both the S/S and the F/W seasons when businessmen predicted recession. The analysis shows that black fashion merchandise volume is increased by 5% in the F/W season and 7% in the S/S season when businessmen expect the economy to be negative mood. The reason why black products are highlighted in the recession is because black is the symbol of will, charisma, and temperance, and is the basic color that occupies the largest proportion in the fashion collection. During economic recession there is more attention on business look, and black is an element of the androgynous look for the contemporary armor and of power‐dressing to complete the business look, as a color for the spirit and inner strength. Black is the color that is the most preferred color in the fashion field. At the time of recession when everything is uncertain from the standpoint of fashion merchandisers, black with its multifaceted attributes cannot be denied to be the best choice to appeal to consumers.
Use of a Systems Pharmacology Model Based Approach Toward Dose Optimization of Parathyroid Hormone Therapy in Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Khurana Manoj , Zadezensky Immo , Lowy Naomi , Roman Dragos , Guettier Jean‐Marc , Li Liang , Florian Jeffry , Sahajwalla Chandrahas G. , Sinha Vikram , Mehrotra Nitin
Published: October 2018

We present an application of a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model to support a regulatory decision, specifically in assessing the adequacy of the proposed dosing regimen. On January 23, 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Natpara (human parathyroid hormone (PTH)) to control hypocalcemia in patients with hypoparathyroidism. Clinical trial results indicated that although once‐daily PTH reduced calcium and vitamin D dose requirement while maintaining the normocalcemia, the regimen was not adequate to control hypercalciuria. We hypothesized that the lack of control on urinary calcium excretion was due to the short half‐life of PTH. The QSP model‐based simulations indicated that a more frequent dosing regimen may provide better control on hypercalciuria while maintaining normocalcemia. A postmarketing trial was recommended to assess pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) of PTH dose and dosing regimen. Although other modeling approaches may be feasible, in this specific case, QSP model‐based simulations fulfilled the information gap to support recommendations of this postmarketing trial.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Mechanically Disaggregated Bone Marrow Trephine Biopsies
Authors: Wheeler M. , White G. , Brockie S. , Dickson M. , Weinkove R.
Published: October 2018

Background

Bone marrow (BM) aspirate analysis by flow cytometry (FC) is a key hematopathologic technique but dry taps hinder diagnosis. We describe the utility and limitations of a method of mechanically disaggregating BM trephine biopsies for FC.

Method

Trephine biopsies mechanically disaggregated for FC between 2010 and 2016 were reviewed. We recorded cell yield, pathological findings, and turnaround time. Where available, results of trephine FC were compared with aspirate FC.

Results

Eighty BM trephine samples were processed, representing 4.3% of BM biopsies. Mechanical disaggregation yielded cellular samples in 98% of cases (median yield 3 × 106 nucleated cells). The most frequent diagnoses were B cell lymphoproliferative disorders (n = 26) and acute leukemia (n = 18). Trephine FC correlated with histochemistry findings in 94% of cases, but two Hodgkin lymphoma infiltrates were missed by FC, and trephine FC underestimated B cell infiltrate burden compared to immunohistochemistry (IHC). Fluorescence intensity of CD34 and CD45 on disease populations was similar in processed trephine and contemporaneous aspirate samples. Trephine FC results were available 2 days earlier than stained IHC slides.

Conclusion

Mechanical disaggregation of BM trephine samples provided a cellular suspension suitable for diagnostic FC in most cases. Limitations were similar to aspirate FC: disease burden was underestimated and some infiltrates were missed. Trephine FC results were available earlier than trephine IHC. We conclude that trephine FC is a useful technique to complement trephine IHC in the event of a failed aspirate, providing rapid diagnostic immunophenotyping. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Enhancement of biogas production efficiency using appropriate low‐temperature pretreatments of municipal treatment plants' excess sludge
Authors: Rafiee Mehdi , Salehi Elaheh , Sharifi Khashayar , Mohammadi Amir H. , Rohani Aliasghar , Sabeti Morteza
Published: October 2018

Excess sludge in municipal plants normally contains high amounts of organic compounds (chemical oxygen demand [COD] of about 60,000 mg/L) and is capable of producing biogas. Anaerobic digestion is one of current methods to produce biogas. Municipal treatment plants' excess sludge contains high amounts of microbial cells with robust walls which inhibit microorganisms' access to the cells' organic content. This decreases biogas production efficiency as well as prolongs the time of anaerobic digestion process. In this study, a combination of the low‐temperature pretreatment techniques was used to increase biogas production efficiency in Isfahan South treatment plant. Through the mentioned techniques, which involve chemical, alkaline, microwave, and mechanical pretreatments, the cells' external structure is decomposed, and microorganisms' access to organic content is facilitated. All the experiments were carried out in two stages. The results of the first stage show that the highest amount of biogas efficiency is 365 mL/g COD for the sample under alkaline pretreatment by NaOH at 20 °C and pH = 12. The results of the second stage demonstrate that the highest rates of biogas production efficiency are obtained in samples under chemical pretreatment by KOH on secondary sludge at an ambient temperature (22 °C), and under 2400 H2O2 oxidation, respectively. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13072, 2019
Development of environmental risk assessment framework and methodology for consumer product chemicals in China
Authors: Fan Ming , Liu Zhengtao , Dyer Scott , Federle Thomas , Wang Xiaonan
Published: October 2018

Environmental risk assessment (ERA) methodologies for consumer product chemicals are well established in most developed regions including the United States, Canada, and the European Union. However, such methodologies are not yet fully developed for emerging economies, such as China. The objective of the present study was to develop an ERA framework involving an exposure methodology using conditions specific to China (i.e., physical setting, infrastructure, and consumers’ habits and practice). Incorporated in this newly developed ERA framework for assessing consumer product chemicals were China's current regulatory screening and prioritization schemes as part of a tiered risk assessment approach. The framework started with tier 0, which utilized the existing Chinese regulatory qualitative method; tiers 1 and 2 were quantitative, and used deterministic and probabilistic methods that accounted for per capita residential water usage, wastewater treatment capability, and wastewater/in-stream dilution factors. Due to major differences in wastewater treatment infrastructure and water usage between urban versus rural regions in China, 2 scenarios were identified for quantitatively assessing environmental exposure: 1) urban with wastewater treatment, and 2) rural without wastewater treatment (i.e., direct discharge of wastewater). Our study presents the methodology of the framework with its technical rationale and the companion model Chera, and also provides an overview of the current status of ERA research in China. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:250–261. © 2018 SETAC
Improving the reliability and ecological validity of pharmaceutical risk assessment: Turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) as a model in behavioral ecotoxicology
Authors: Thoré Eli S.J. , Steenaerts Laure , Philippe Charlotte , Grégoir Arnout F. , Brendonck Luc , Pinceel Tom
Published: October 2018

Pharmaceuticals are essential for human well-being, but their increasing and continuous use pollutes the environment. Although behavioral ecotoxicology is increasingly advocated to assess the effects of pharmaceutical pollution on wildlife and ecosystems, a consensus on the actual environmental risks is lacking for most compounds. The main limitation is the lack of standardized reproducible tests that are based on sensitive behavioral endpoints and that accommodate a high ecological relevance. In the present study, we assessed the impact of a 3-wk exposure to the antidepressant fluoxetine on multiple behavioral traits in the promising new model organism Nothobranchius furzeri (turquoise killifish). Overall, our study shows that fluoxetine can impact feeding behavior, habitat choice in a novel environment, and antipredator response of N. furzeri individuals; effects on spontaneous activity and exploration tendency were less pronounced. However, effects became only apparent when individuals were exposed to fluoxetine concentrations that were 10 times higher than typical concentrations in natural aquatic environments. Ecotoxicologists are challenged to maximize both the reliability and ecological validity of risk assessments of pollutants. Our study contributes to the development of a time- and cost-efficient, standardized ecotoxicological test based on sensitive, ecologically relevant behavioral endpoints in N. furzeri. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:262–270. © 2018 SETAC
Playing the Long Game: Surviving Fads and Creating Lasting Student Success through Academic Advising
Authors: Thomas Carolyn , McFarlane Brett
Published: October 2018

This chapter focuses on institution‐wide administration of advising and student success initiatives that address the complexity of higher education. The authors stress the importance of “staying the course” set by campus leadership (or setting a visionary agenda) while being responsible to stakeholders.
The value of preoperative antithyroidperoxidase antibody as a novel predictor of recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Song Eyun , Oh Hye‐Seon , Jeon Min Ji , Chung Ki Wook , Hong Suck Joon , Ryu Jin Sook , Baek Jung Hwan , Lee Jeong Hyun , Kim Won Gu , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Kim Tae Yong
Published: October 2018

The link between chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT) and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is widely recognized. Considering the strong association between raised antithyroidperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) and CLT, we postulated that the preoperative TPOAb can predict the prognosis of PTC, particularly for recurrence. A total of 2,070 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy for classical type PTC with tumor size ≥1 cm and with available data on preoperative TPOAb and TgAb were enrolled to compare disease‐free survival (DFS) according to the presence of preoperative TPOAb, TgAb, and coexistent CLT. Patients with positive preoperative TPOAb had a significantly better DFS compared to patients without positive preoperative TPOAb (hazard ratio (HR) 0.53; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30–0.94, p = 0.028) while no difference in DFS was found according to preoperative TgAb status. Positive preoperative TPOAb was an independent prognostic factor for structural persistent/recurrent disease after adjustment for major preoperative risk factors such as age, sex, and tumor size (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.28–0.99, p = 0.048). Although the coexistence of CLT lowered the risk for structural persistence/recurrence in univariate analysis (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31–0.86, p = 0.012), it was not an independent favorable prognostic factor by multivariate analysis (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.38–1.10, p = 0.106). However, when coexistent CLT was combined with positive preoperative TPOAb, it indicated an independent protective role in structural persistent/recurrent disease (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.16–0.98, p = 0.045). Our study clearly showed that presence of preoperative TPOAb can be a novel prognostic factor in predicting structural persistence/recurrence of PTC.
Sustaining Ourselves in Unsustainable Places: Revitalizing Sacred Landscapes Within Schools
Authors: San Pedro Timothy
Published: October 2018

This department explores how teachers can sustain students’ multilingual literacies and reimagine literacy learning across multiple contexts in conversation with researchers, practitioners, and communities.
A novel nano‐cotton‐like bismuth oxyfluoride (NC‐BiOF) and a novel nanosheet heterogeneous compound BiOF@ZIF‐8 as catalyst for the selective and green oxidation of benzylic alcohols
Authors: Ghayoumian Narges , Aliyan Hamid , Fazaeli Razieh
Published: October 2018

We describe here for the first time a new morphology of BiOF nanoparticles with a cotton‐like structure, made using a hydrothermal synthesis method. We also prepared heterogeneous nanosheets of BiOF@ZIF‐8 by a one‐pot synthesis under hydrothermal conditions. We demonstrate that in this method the morphology of BiOF and one‐pot synthesis conditions are the main factors for the preparation of the nanosheet BiOF@ZIF‐8. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), thermogravimetry‐differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA), and BET surface area were used to characterize the samples prepared. XRD, SEM, and adsorption–desorption analysis showed that the structure of ZIF‐8 and BiOF form intact only in one‐pot synthesis of BiOF (with nano‐cotton‐like morphology) with Zn(NO3)3, while spectral techniques show the successful encapsulation of the sheet BiOF on ZIF‐8. Nanosheet BiOF@ZIF‐8 was found to be a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the selective oxidation of alcohols. BiOF@ZIF‐8 could be reused several times although it got less active with recycling.
Overnight Steady‐State Infusions of Parenteral Nutrition on Myosin Heavy Chain Transcripts in Rectus Abdominis Muscle Related to Amino Acid Transporters, Insulin‐like Growth Factor 1, and Blood Amino Acids in Patients Aimed at Major Surgery
Authors: Iresjö Britt‐Marie , Engström Cecilia , Smedh Ulrika , Lundholm Kent
Published: October 2018

Background: Evaluation of improvements by nutrition support to severely ill patients requires sensitive methods to demonstrate activation of protein synthesis in various tissues from groups with a limited number of patients to be statistically efficient. This study examines effects of standard parenteral nutrition (PN) on abdominal muscle transcripts of amino acid (AA) transporters, myosin heavy chains (MHCs), and the insulin‐like growth factor 1 and its receptor (IGF‐1/IGF‐1R) in patients aimed at major surgery. Methods: Twenty‐two randomized patients received steady‐state PN (0.16 gN/kg/d, 30 kcal/kg/d) or saline infusions for 12 hours before operation. Blood samples and muscle biopsies were obtained at operation start. Muscle messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of AA transporters (solute carrier family members SNAT2, LAT1, LAT3, LAT4, TAUT, PAT1, CD98), IGF‐1, IGF‐1R, MHC isoforms (MHC1, MHC2A, MHC2X), and LAT3 protein were quantified and related to concentrations of AA, IGF‐1, insulin, and metabolic substrates in blood. Results: Muscle mRNA LAT3, LAT4, IGF‐1R, and MHC2A increased by PN infusion, with correlations to specific AA transporters and MHC isoforms (P < .01–.05). TAUT and LAT3 correlated to slow (MHC1) and fast (MHC2A, MHC2X) isoforms (P < .001–.02). Muscle IGF‐1 mRNA correlated to plasma essential AAs, whereas IGF‐1R mRNA was related to LAT3, MHC2A, and serum IGF‐1 (P < .001–.03). Conclusions: The results confirm that short‐term preoperative PN activates transcription of AA transporters and myosin isoforms. Thus, combinations of methods on gene transcription and translation of muscle proteins can be applied to define efficient combinations of nutrition and hormones to catabolic patients in preoperative and postoperative settings.
Characterization of physicochemical properties of casein mixture preparation extracted from organic milk for use as an emulsifier in organic processed foods
Authors: Byun Yeon‐Kyeong , Hwang Se‐Hee , Lee Jin‐Hee
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND

Sodium caseinate (SC) is not considered suitable for use as an emulsifier in organic processed food in the food industry because of the use of prohibited synthetic chemical substances during its production. Casein mixture preparation (CMP), one of the permissible substances specified in the regulations, was isolated from organic milk using citric acid and dibasic potassium phosphate for organic processed foods.

RESULTS

To compare CMP and SC, model emulsions stabilized with each substance were prepared at various concentrations and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. The emulsions' stability was determined using Turbiscan under various environmental stresses. The zeta potential of SC and CPM showed a high surface charge (≤ 30 mV) at all protein concentrations. Because the concentration of the protein preparation increased to 0.75% (w/v), the particle size of the CMP emulsion decreased with the surface load increased as much as that of SC. The CMP and SC emulsions were stable at neutral pH and room temperature. However, at acidic pH and high temperature, both emulsions were destabilized by creaming and flocculation and increased the creaming migration rates.

CONCLUSION

Overall, our data suggest the use of CMP as an emulsifier substitute for SC in organic processed foods. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Early warning signals for landscape connectivity and resilient conservation solutions
Authors: Li Yi , Yin Bingchao , Li Yangfan
Published: October 2018

The ever‐increasing and unprecedented impacts of human activities on natural landscapes are dramatically altering the heterogeneity of habitats and biodiversity. We developed a holistic resilience‐based framework to identify the early warning points of climate‐gradient landscape connectivity; the results offer the first map capable of providing information about landscape connectivity in the coastal provinces of mainland China. The results show that only 24% of natural/seminatural lands retained sufficient connectivity, which is considered to be high‐quality patches for animals to move through temperature gradient corridors. Moreover, the critical junctions, such as the tipping points and early warning points of landscape connectivity, were mainly detected in seminatural lands (forests and grasslands). Increasing connections in these seminatural lands initiated the permeability of landscape connectivity in coastal areas, which are essential for accessing suitable habitats with low temperatures. By connecting fragmented patches into a landscape network, the transition zones in seminatural lands highlight priority locations for ecologists and conservation managers as natural solutions to configure the most effective conservation areas.
Primary Stent Placement for Hepatic Artery Stenosis After Liver Transplantation: Improving Primary Patency and Reintervention Rates
Authors: Sarwar Ammar , Chen Christine , Khwaja Khalid , Malik Raza , Raven Kristin E. , Weinstein Jeffrey L. , Evenson Amy , Faintuch Salomao , Fisher Robert , Curry Michael P. , Ahmed Muneeb
Published: October 2018

Recent studies have reported high rates of reintervention after primary stenting for hepatic artery stenosis (HAS) due to the loss of primary patency. The aims of this study were to evaluate the outcomes of primary stenting after HAS in a large cohort with longterm follow‐up. After institutional review board approval, all patients undergoing liver transplantation between 2003 and 2017 at a single institution were evaluated for occurrence of hepatic artery complications. HAS occurred in 37/454 (8%) of patients. HAS was defined as >50% stenosis on computed tomography or digital subtraction angiography. Hepatic arterial patency and graft survival were evaluated at annual intervals. Primary patency was defined as the time from revascularization to imaging evidence of new HAS or reaching a censored event (retransplantation, death, loss to follow‐up, or end of study period). Primary stenting was attempted in 30 patients (17 female, 57%; median age, 51 years; range, 24‐68 years). Surgical repair of HAS prior to stenting was attempted in 5/30 (17%) patients. Endovascular treatment was performed within 1 week of the primary anastomosis in 5/30 (17%) of patients. Technical success was accomplished in 97% (29/30) of patients. Primary patency was 90% at 1 year and remained unchanged throughout the remaining follow‐up period (median, 41 months; interquartile range [IQR], 25‐86 months). Reintervention was required in 3 patients to maintain stent patency. The median time period between primary stenting and retreatment was 5.9 months (IQR, 4.4‐11.1 months). There were no major complications, and no patient developed hepatic arterial thrombosis or required listing for retransplantation or retransplantation during the follow‐up period. In conclusion, primary stenting for HAS has excellent longterm primary patency and low reintervention rates.
Role of Grafting on Particle and Film Morphology and Film Properties of Zero VOC Polyurethane/Poly(meth)acrylate Hybrid Dispersions
Authors: Mehravar Samane , Ballard Nicholas , Agirre Amaia , Tomovska Radmila , Asua José M.
Published: October 2018

Hybrid waterborne dispersions of polyurethane (PU)/poly(meth)acrylic are widely applied in coating and adhesive products, as well as in many other applications. The synergetic performance of the two component polymers is highly dependent on the ability to control the PU and (meth)acrylic network structure. In this work, the effect of grafting and the impact of macromolecular architecture on the particle and film morphology as well as on the properties of PU/(meth)acrylic hybrid films is investigated. It is shown that with grafting, the absolute molar mass distribution (MMD) is shifted toward higher values as the low molar mass PU chains become incorporated in the (meth)acrylic polymer network. Furthermore, by using different types of functional monomers, the nature of the MMD can be altered. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, it is demonstrated that more homogeneous particle and film morphologies are obtained in the case of grafted hybrids. Finally, the impact of network structure on tensile strength is outlined highlighting that grafted polymer films have higher Young's modulus and strain hardening than the non‐grafted ones.
The conjoined parascapular and latissimus dorsi free flap for reconstruction of extensive knee defects
Authors: Bigdeli Amir K. , Thomas Benjamin , Schmidt Volker J. , Kotsougiani Dimitra , Hernekamp Frederick J. , Hirche Christoph , Kneser Ulrich , Gazyakan Emre
Published: October 2018

Background

Extensive soft‐tissue defects affecting the knee region pose a significant reconstructive challenge and may require separate or multiple flaps for coverage. We evaluated the conjoined parascapular and latissimus dorsi free flap as an alternative reconstructive option.

Methods

From January 2013 to December 15, 2016 patients (7 female and 8 male) with a mean age of 47.5 years underwent reconstruction of such defects. Causes were trauma (12 cases) and infection (3 cases). The mean defect size was 40.9 × 20.8 cm (range, 21.4×7.3 to 60.1×40.5 cm). The mean defect surface area was 820.0 cm2 (range, 273.2‐2,400.4 cm2). The conjoined free flap was anastomosed to the femoral vessels in the adductor canal with (3 cases) or without an arterio‐venous loop (8 cases), posterior tibial vessels (3 cases), or anterior tibial vessels (1 case).

Results

Postoperatively, 10 patients experienced a total of 14 complications, of which 9 (7 patients) were considered major (requiring additional surgery) and 5 (4 patients) minor (conservative treatment). There was no total flap loss. Partial flap loss occurred in 5 patients. Major donor‐site complications occurred in 6 patients with impaired wound healing (4 cases), seroma (1 case), and hematoma (1 case). Reconstruction was successful in 14 out of 15 patients during a mean follow‐up time of 28.6 months (range, 6.0‐52.5 months). Twelve patients were able to walk at the last follow‐up visit.

Conclusions

The conjoined parascapular and latissimus dorsi free flap is a large and reliable flap. It allows for simultaneous 1‐stage reconstruction of complex and unusually large soft‐tissue defects of the knee region.
Dietary Intervention Modifies DNA Methylation Age Assessed by the Epigenetic Clock
Authors: Sae‐Lee Chanachai , Corsi Sarah , Barrow Timothy M. , Kuhnle Gunter G. C. , Bollati Valentina , Mathers John C. , Byun Hyang‐Min
Published: October 2018

Scope

Alterations in DNA methylation patterns are correlated with aging, environmental exposures, and disease pathophysiology; the possibility of reverting or preventing these processes through dietary intervention is gaining momentum. In particular, methyl donors that provide S‐adenosyl‐methionine for one‐carbon metabolism and polyphenols such as flavanols that inhibit the activity of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) can be key modifiers of epigenetic patterns.

Methods and results

DNA methylation patterns are assessed in publicly available Illumina Infinium 450K methylation datasets from intervention studies with either folic acid + vitamin B12 (GSE74548) or monomeric and oligomeric flavanols (MOF) (GSE54690) in 44 and 13 participants, respectively. Global DNA methylation levels are increased in unmethylated regions such as CpG islands and shores following folic acid + vitamin B12 supplementation and decreased in highly methylated regions, including shelves and open‐seas, following intervention with MOF. After supplementation with folic acid + vitamin B12, epigenetic age, estimated by the Horvath “epigenetic clock” model, is reduced in women with the MTHFR 677CC genotype.

Conclusions

The effects of supplementation with folic acid + vitamin B12 and MOF on DNA methylation age are dependent upon gender and MTHFR genotype. Additionally, the findings demonstrate the potential for these dietary factors to modulate global DNA methylation profiles.
Isoquercitrin Attenuated Cardiac Dysfunction Via AMPKα‐Dependent Pathways in LPS‐Treated Mice
Authors: Huang Si‐Hui , Xu Man , Wu Hai‐Ming , Wan Chun‐Xia , Wang Hui‐Bo , Wu Qing‐Qing , Liao Hai‐Han , Deng Wei , Tang Qi‐Zhu
Published: October 2018

Scope

Isoquercitrin (IQC) has been reported to play a protective role in many pathological conditions. Here, the effects of IQC on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced cardiac dysfunction are investigated, exploring its potential molecular mechanisms.

Methods and Results

C57BL/6 mice or H9c2 cardiomyoblasts are subjected to LPS challenge for 12 h. Pretreatment with IQC attenuates LPS‐induced cardiac dysfunction. IQC remarkably reduces LPS‐mediated inflammatory responses by inhibiting the mRNA levels of TNF‐α, IL6, and MCP1 as well as the protein levels of p‐IKKβ, p‐IκBα, and p‐p65 in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, IQC administration also improves energy deficiencies caused by LPS, manifesting as significant increases in cardiac and cellular ATP levels. Furthermore, ATP levels increase due to the upregulation of PGC1β and PPAR‐α, which enhances fatty acid oxidation in vivo and in vitro. However, the protective roles of IQC against LPS‐mediated increased inflammatory responses and decreased acid fatty oxidation are partially blunted by inhibiting AMPKα in vitro, and suppressing AMPKα partially blocks the increased cardiac function elicited by IQC in LPS‐treated mice.

Conclusion

IQC attenuates LPS‐induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting inflammatory responses and by enhancing fatty acid oxidation, partially by activating AMPKα. IQC might be a potential drug for sepsis‐induced cardiac dysfunction.
bSSFP phase correction and its use in magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography
Authors: Ozdemir Safa , Ider Yusuf Ziya
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequence is widely used because of its high SNR and high speed. However, bSSFP images suffer from “banding artifact” caused by B0 inhomogeneity. In this article, we propose a method to remove this artifact in bSSFP phase images and investigate the usage of the corrected phase images in phase‐based magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MREPT).

Theory and Methods

Two bSSFP phase images, obtained with different excitation frequencies, are collaged to get rid of the regions containing banding artifacts. Phase of the collaged bSSFP image is the sum of the transceive phase of the RF system and an error term that depends on B0 and T2. By using B0 and T2 maps, this error is eliminated from bSSFP phase images by using pixel‐wise corrections. Conductivity maps are obtained from the uncorrected and the corrected phase images using the phase‐based cr‐MREPT method.

Results

Phantom and human experiment results of the proposed method are illustrated for both phase images and conductivity maps. It is shown that uncorrected phase images yield unacceptable conductivity images. When only B0 information is used for phase correction conductivity, reconstructions are substantially improved, and yet T2 information is still needed to fully recover accurate and undistorted conductivity images.

Conclusions

With the proposed technique, B0 sensitivity of the bSSFP phase images can be removed by using B0 and T2 maps. It is also shown that corrected bSSFP phase images are of sufficient quality to be used in conductivity imaging.
Smoothed point interpolation methods for the regularization of material instabilities in scalar damage models
Authors: Gori Lapo , Silva Penna Samuel , da Silva Pitangueira Roque Luiz
Published: October 2018

The nonlocal character embedded in the formulation of smoothed point interpolation methods is exploited, in order to regularize the behavior of the simulations of scalar damage problems affected by strain localization. The use of these methods is made possible by the extension of the weakened weak form that they are based on to the case of elastic‐degrading media, with specific focus on the scalar damage case. The provided numerical simulations emphasize the regularization effects of this class of meshfree methods and the improved mesh objectivity with respect to the standard finite element method. Different strategies for support node selection are considered, pointing out the role played by the size of the support domains regarding the regularization effects.
A level set–based method for stress‐constrained multimaterial topology optimization of minimizing a global measure of stress
Authors: Chu Sheng , Xiao Mi , Gao Liang , Li Hao
Published: October 2018

In multimaterial topology optimization of minimizing a global measure of stress, the maximum stresses in different materials may not satisfy the strength design requirements simultaneously if stress constraints for different materials are not considered. In this paper, a level set–based method is presented to handle the stress‐constrained multimaterial topology optimization of minimizing a global stress measure. Specifically, a multimaterial level set model is adopted to describe the structural topology, and a stress interpolation scheme is introduced for stress evaluation. Then, a stress penalty‐based topology optimization model is presented. Meanwhile, an adaptive adjusting scheme of the stress penalty factor is employed to improve the control of the local stress level. To solve the stress‐constrained multimaterial topology optimization problem minimizing the global measure of stress, the parametric level set method is employed, and the sensitivity analysis is carried out. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method. Results indicate that multimaterial structures with optimized global stress can be gained, and stress constraints for different materials can be satisfied simultaneously.
Bone marrow fibroblasts overexpress miR‐27b and miR‐214 in step with multiple myeloma progression, dependent on tumour cell‐derived exosomes
Authors: Frassanito Maria Antonia , Desantis Vanessa , Di Marzo Lucia , Craparotta Ilaria , Beltrame Luca , Marchini Sergio , Annese Tiziana , Visino Fabrizio , Arciuli Marcella , Saltarella Ilaria , Lamanuzzi Aurelia , Solimando Antonio G , Nico Beatrice , De Angelis Maria , Racanelli Vito , Mariggiò Maria A , Chiacchio Rosistella , Pizzuti Michele , Gallone Anna , Fumarulo Ruggiero , D'Incalci Maurizio , Vacca Angelo
Published: October 2018

Aberrant microRNA (miR) expression has an important role in tumour progression, but its involvement in bone marrow fibroblasts of multiple myeloma patients remains undefined. We demonstrate that a specific miR profile in bone marrow fibroblasts parallels the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to myeloma. Overexpression of miR‐27b‐3p and miR‐214‐3p triggers proliferation and apoptosis resistance in myeloma fibroblasts via the FBXW7 and PTEN/AKT/GSK3 pathways, respectively. Transient transfection of miR‐27b‐3p and miR‐214‐3p inhibitors demonstrates a cooperation between these two miRNAs in the expression of the anti‐apoptotic factor MCL1, suggesting that miR‐27b‐3p and miR‐214‐3p negatively regulate myeloma fibroblast apoptosis. Furthermore, myeloma cells modulate miR‐27b‐3p and miR‐214‐3p expression in fibroblasts through the release of exosomes. Indeed, tumour cell‐derived exosomes induce an overexpression of both miRNAs in MGUS fibroblasts not through a simple transfer mechanism but by de novo synthesis triggered by the transfer of exosomal WWC2 protein that regulates the Hippo pathway. Increased levels of miR‐27b‐3p and miR‐214‐3p in MGUS fibroblasts co‐cultured with myeloma cell‐derived exosomes enhance the expression of fibroblast activation markers αSMA and FAP. These data show that the MGUS‐to‐myeloma transition entails an aberrant miRNA profile in marrow fibroblasts and highlight a key role of myeloma cells in modifying the bone marrow microenvironment by reprogramming the marrow fibroblasts' behaviour. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of poly(sodium acrylate/cement clinker) DN hydrogel composites
Authors: Song Xue Feng , Chu Yao Yao
Published: October 2018

A series of poly(sodium acrylate)/(cement clinker) [P(NaA‐AA)/CC] double network (DN) hydrogel composites were prepared by solution polymerization at room temperature, using partially neutralized acrylic acid (NaA‐AA) as an organic precursor and cement clinker (CC) as an inorganic precursor, redox system of potassium persulfate/sodium bisulfite (KPS/SHS) as initiator and sorbitol (Sbt) as cross‐linking agent. The polymerization of organics and the hydration of inorganic substances were reflected in the temperature change curve. The FT‐IR spectra and XRD demonstrated that the composite hydrogel was composed of two hydrogels network with opposite characteristic, in which one brittle, rigid silicate C–S–H hydrogel was served as the first network, and another was a soft, ductile P(NaA‐AA) hydrogel as the second network. SEM observed that the inorganic components were uniformly dispersed inside the organic matrix and formed two interpenetrating structures of the composite hydrogel. Effects of CC content on swelling performance and mechanical properties of the organic–inorganic DN hydrogels were also investigated. The results show that the P(NaA‐AA)/CC organic–inorganic DN hydrogel retains a certain degree of swelling capacity while also possessing a certain degree of mechanical strength. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:2462–2472, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Molecular basis for chromatin assembly and modification by multiprotein complexes
Authors: Ricketts M. Daniel , Han Joseph , Szurgot Mary R. , Marmorstein Ronen
Published: October 2018

Abstract: Epigenetic regulation of the chromatin landscape is often orchestrated through modulation of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes are composed of two copies each of the four core histones, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, wrapped in ~150 bp of DNA. We focus this review on recent structural studies that further elucidate the mechanisms used by macromolecular complexes to mediate histone modification and nucleosome assembly. Nucleosome assembly, spacing, and variant histone incorporation are coordinated by chromatin remodeler and histone chaperone complexes. Several recent structural studies highlight how disparate families of histone chaperones and chromatin remodelers share similar features that underlie how they interact with their respective histone or nucleosome substrates. Post‐translational modification of histone residues is mediated by enzymatic subunits within large complexes. Until recently, relatively little was known about how association with auxiliary subunits serves to modulate the activity and specificity of the enzymatic subunit. Analysis of several recent structures highlights the different modes that auxiliary subunits use to influence enzymatic activity or direct specificity toward individual histone residues.
Monolithic Forward‐Looking Photodetector for Use as Ultra‐Compact Wavemeter with Wide Spectral Range
Authors: Grundmann Marius
Published: October 2018

A monolithic, forward‐looking photodetector that can be used as a wavemeter is proposed. The device consists of two vertically stacked photosensitive layers that can be read out separately. The top photodetector contains a vertical gradient of semiconductor alloy composition, leading to a designed, broad, ideally linearly increasing absorption edge. The bottom photodetector is sensitive to all wavelengths falling into the device. The ratio of the two photosignals is related to the wavelength of monochromatic incoming radiation. The spectral range of the device is determined by the used alloy compositions. The device response for the (Mg,Zn)O material system with sensitivity in the ultraviolet spectral range is simulated.
Raman Spectroscopy Investigation of Laser‐Irradiated Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Films
Authors: Rodriguez Raul D. , Ma Bing , Sheremet Evgeniya
Published: October 2018

Raman spectroscopy (RS) is the tool of choice for the analysis of carbon nanomaterials. In graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNT), RS provides rich information such as defect concentration, CNT chirality, graphene layer number, doping, strain, and other physical parameters of interest. This work presents the RS investigation of a semiconducting CNT film after high power laser irradiation. Changes were observed in the D band revealing the change in the defect concentration induced by the laser. More importantly, it was found the relative intensity decrease of G− and some radial breathing modes which suggests that the effects of laser irradiation induce diameter‐selective effects in CNTs. The spectroscopic changes to the selective electronic structure modification for some semiconducting CNTs were attributed as due to those CNTs getting closer to resonance conditions with the fixed laser excitation.
Defect Engineering Strategies for Nitrogen Reduction Reactions under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Yan Dafeng , Li Hao , Chen Chen , Zou Yuqin , Wang Shuangyin
Published: October 2018

The production of ammonia from N2 molecules under ambient conditions [electro (photo) chemical reduction] is one of the most attractive topics in the energy‐related field due to its unique advantages and great potentials. Recently, various catalysts have been explored to show certain activities in nitrogen reduction reactions (NRRs) at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. To further improve the catalytic activity and increase the selectivity, the catalysts should be rationally designed to introduce extra active sites for the N2 molecule adsorption and activation. This review summarizes recent progress of the defect engineering strategies to design highly efficient electrochemical or photocatalytic NRR nanocatalysts. The defect sites would serve as the active center for the NRR and further enhance its intrinsic performance. The defect engineering strategies are summarized in different categories, including vacancies (oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur vacancies), doping (metal doping and nonmetal doping), amorphous phases (amorphous noble metal and amorphous transition metal), size effects, and structure effects. In addition, the different ammonia determination methods are summarized and compared in order to obtain more credible and veritable NRR performance results.
Review and research progress of wireless power transfer for railway transportation
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Xin
Published: October 2018

This paper discusses the history and research progress of wireless power transfer (WPT) for railway transportation. In the field of railway transportation traction power supply, the problems caused by the traditional contact‐type power supply method have become increasingly prominent: the overhead contact network prone to breakages, scraping and wearing the pantograph, etc. WPT technology, which avoids direct contact with the power supply sources and loads, effectively solves these problems. This paper focuses on the application of WPT technology for railway transit, and introduces the research status in China and abroad. Moreover, the main technologies and primary problems of WPT, including magnetic coupler, segmented power supply, design of high‐frequency inverter, system optimization and control and practical applications for trams, maglev vehicles, and high‐speed trains, are reviewed. A detailed analysis and summary on the technologies is also provided. By reviewing the state‐of‐the‐art development of WPT in railways, it is hoped that researchers could be encouraged by these achievements and pushed forward the further development in WPT. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of an antler point restriction on deer hunter perceptions and satisfaction in Missouri
Authors: Hansen Lonnie P. , Sumners Jason A. , Reitz Ron , Bian Yuanyuan , Gao Xiaoming , Millspaugh Joshua J.
Published: October 2018

Antler point restrictions (APR), intended to create an older male age structure of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), have been implemented in many states, but effects of APR on hunters’ satisfaction and activities often have not been measured. During 2004–2008, we conducted mail surveys of firearms deer hunters in Missouri, USA, to measure effects of an APR on respondents including 1) perceptions of deer population trends and availability of large males; 2) satisfaction with the hunting experience and deer management; and 3) support of the APR. There was no effect of the APR on how respondents perceived deer population trends, but respondents hunting under the APR believed there were more large males in both central and northern Missouri. Respondents were less satisfied with their hunt and deer management in central Missouri areas under the APR during years when hunter success was reduced. There was no effect of the APR on how respondents rated their most recent deer season in the northern areas under the APR, although respondents there were less satisfied with deer management prior to implementation of the APR and for the first 2 years after implementation with no differences after that time. In all areas, generally >70% of respondents supported the APR; presence of the APR where a respondent hunted did not affect support of the APR. Respondents supporting the APR were more likely to have less deer hunting experience, hunt counties where harvest of antlered males was relatively greater, rate Missouri deer management as good or excellent, hunt private land during at least part of the season, and select for antlered males while hunting. An APR may be most appropriate where deer densities are moderate or large and harvest rates of antlered males are excessive. Use of APRs in areas with low‐density deer populations where harvest opportunity is low may not be popular with hunters. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Resurrecting minimal Yukawa sector of SUSY SO(10)
Authors: Babu K. S. , Bajc Borut , Saad Shaikh
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Supersymmetric SO(10) models with Yukawa coupling matrices involving only a 10
H
and a

$$ {\overline{126}}_H $$

126
¯

H

of Higgs fields can lead to a predictive and consistent scenario for fermion masses and mixings, including the neutrino sector. However, when coupled minimally to a symmetry breaking sector that includes a 210
H
and a 126
H
, these models lead either to an unacceptably small neutrino mass scale, or to non-perturbative values of the gauge couplings. Here we show that with the addition of a 54
H
to the symmetry breaking sector, the successful predictions of these models for fermion masses and mixings can be maintained. The 54
H
enables a reduction of the B − L symmetry breaking scale to an intermediate value of order 1012 GeV, consistent with the observed neutrino mass spectrum, while preserving perturbative gauge coupling unification. We obtain an excellent fit to all fermion masses and mixings in this framework. We analyze carefully the prediction of the model for CP violation in neutrino oscillations. Consistency with proton lifetime, however, requires a mini-split SUSY spectrum with the squarks and sleptons having masses of order 100 TeV, accompanied by TeV scale gauginos and Higgsinos. Such a spectrum may arise from pure gravity mediation, which would predict the partial lifetime for the decay

$$ p\to \overline{\nu}{K}^{+} $$

p
→

ν
¯

K
+

to be an order of magnitude above the current experimental limit.