bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FINDING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF L CAL PTIMA IN THE đ .PROBLEM FOR TWO-WAY CONTINGENCY TABLES
Authors: Verdes E.
Published: October 2005

The aim f this paper is t discuss the problem f c mputing a new index f r c n- tingency tables.The s called đ .index is getting m re and m re known and used in s cial sciences,h wever,the problem f c mputing this index is still uns lved.Su .cient and necessary conditions are given for l cal optimality and structure f l cal optima is investigated.
ON THE PRIMITIVES OF IFFERENTIAL ONE-MAPS
Authors: Slezák B.
Published: October 2005

If a i .erential one-map between normed spaces is continuous on a star-like open set an is i .erentiable possibly except of one point then it has a primitive if an only if its erivative as a bilinear form is symmetric at every point where it exists.A generalization of the theorem on the existence of the potential operator is also obtained.The proof is based on the idea of the Goursat Lemma.
ON THE RIESZ REPRESENTATION THEOREM IN TOPOLOGICAL VECTOR SPACES
Authors: Alghamdi M. A. , Khan L. A. , Abujabal H. A. S.
Published: October 2005

I this paper we establish a Riesz representation type theorem which characterizes the dual of the space C rc (X,E)endowed with the countable-ope topologyi the case of E ot ecessarilya locallyconvex TVS.
NOTE ON JACKSON AND BERNSTE N TYPE APPROXIMATION THEOREMS IN THE CASE OF APPROXIMATION BY ALGEBRAIC POLYNOMIALS N THE SPACES L AND C
Authors: Pawelke S.
Published: October 2005

We con ider the best approximation E (n,f)by algebraic polynomials of degree at most n for function f in L 1 (-1, 1)or C [-1, 1]and give imple necessary and u .cient condition for E (n,f)=O (n-.),n .,u ing the well-known results in the ca e of ap- proximation of periodic function by trigonometric polynomials.
MAX-SEMIGROUPS O BIVARIATE RANDOM VARIABLES WITH KHINCHINE-TYPE DECOMPOSITIONS
Authors: Zempléni A.
Published: October 2005

Consider the multiplicative semigroup M (S)of all probability distribution fu ctions on subsets S of R 2 .This structure corresponds to the coordi atewise maximum of S -valued independe t random vectors. We provide a wide class of possible territories S, where in spite of the lack of the u it element in M (S),there is a Khinchine-type decomposition.I case M (S)has a unit element,we characterize the subsets S with the property that there is a decompositio in M (S).
WEAK REFLECTION IN CONCRETE CATEGORIES
Authors: Hegedűs G.
Published: October 2005

In this art cle I give the de .n t on of the strong and weak re .ex v ty and the com- pat bility relation of objects in a categorical language.These concepts will generalize the corresponding concepts n the theory of topolog cal vector spaces. The main theorem makes clear the connection between these mportant concepts and we can show a lot of objects in our category,which are not strongly re .exive,but compatible with strongly re .ex ve objects.We also consider a lot of interesting examples and try to throw new light upon the ex stence of such Abelian groups which satisfy Pontryagin duality but do not respect compactness.We w ll prove also that the weak topolog cal vector space- structures are not re .ex ve in general.
ON A COMBINATORIAL PAPER O KISS AND ZAY
Authors: Bundschuh P.
Published: October 2005

Zero-one-sequences f length n with at least k -1 zeros between tw successive ones are c nsidered.The limit f the mean value f the number f nes in such sequences,as n tends t in .nity,is determined using nly the explicit f rmula f r the terms f linear recurrences.This determinati n is simpler than the ne due to Kiss and Zay.
NEGATIVE PARTITION RELATIONS OR UNCOUNTABLE CARDINALS OF COFINALITY
Authors: Matet P.
Published: October 2005

We modify an argument of Baumgartner to show that…
THE POINTWISE ESTIMATE FO MODIFIED BE NSTEIN OPE ATORS
Authors: Liu L. , Guo S. , Liu X.
Published: October 2005

he purpose of this paper is to give the direct and inverse theorem for pointwise approximation by Bernstein type operators.
NEWTON NUMBERS FOR OVERLAPPING CIRCULAR DISCS
Authors: Harborth H. , Koch M. , Szabó L.
Published: October 2005

Consider a family of closed unit circular discs in the plane. Two discs are called neighbours if they have a point in common. Let N(d) denote the maximum possible number of neighbours of one disc in a family of unit circular discs, where the distance between any two circle centers is at least d. HereN(d) is determined for 1  between any two circle centers is at least d. HereN(d) is determined for 1
FRACTAL DIMENSIONS AND MARTIN BOUNDARY OF GRAPHS
Authors: Telcs A.
Published: October 2005

This pap r shows large deviation theorem for Markov chains with spatial symmetric Gr n ’s function.Spatial symm try and behaviour of the Martin boundary is inv stigat d.
On damping of linear oscillators
Authors: Elbert Á.
Published: October 2005

The asymptotic stability of the solutions of the differential equation x00 +h(t)x0 +x =0 is investigated under the restrictions that h(t) =2hn≯0 on[tn; tn+n], and h(t) = 0 elsewhere, lim n 1 tn = 1 and tn+1 - tn is not necessarily a multiple of, n 2 N .
Subbase countable compact- ness
Authors: Szentmiklóssy Z. , Juhász István , Gerlits J.
Published: October 2005

A topological space X is S -countably compact for a subbase S of X if for any infinite subset A  X there is an S -accumulation point p 2 X of A, i.e. any member of S containing the point p contains infinitely many points of A. AspaceXis called subbase countably compact (in short: SCC) if there is a subbase S of X such that X is S -countably compact. We show that SCC is a productive property, any discrete space of size at least continuum is SCC, but SCC implies countable compactness for X if the Lindel¨ of-degree of X is SCC, but SCC implies countable compactness for X if the Lindel¨ of-degree of X
On paradoxical spaces
Authors: Laczkó Tibor
Published: October 2005

Let (X; d) be a metric space. The sets A; B ⊂ X are said to be wobbling equivalent if there is a bijection f mapping A onto B such that sup x 2 A d(x; f(x)) < 1 . The space is called paradoxical if there is a decomposition X =X1 [X2 such that X1;X2 and X are pairwise wobbling equivalent. W. A. Deuber, M. Simonovits and V. T. Sos proved that a discrete and countable metric space (X; d) is paradoxical if and only if there is an r≯0 such that jf x 2 X : dist(x; H) 5 r gj = 2 j H j holds for every finite H ⊂ X. We generalize this result for arbitrary metric spaces, more- over, for a more general class of spaces (called bounded spaces)in whichthenotion of wobbling equivalence can be formulated in a reasonable way.
Axioms of mathe- matical immunology
Authors: Szabados T. , Varga L. , Bakács T. , Tusnády Gábor
Published: October 2005

Current wisdom describes the immune system as a defense against microbial pathogens. It is claimed that the virgin immune system has a capacity to produce antibodies against the entire antigenic universe. We assume, by contrast, that the responding capacity of the immune system is limited. Thus it cannot stand in readiness to deal with a practi- cally endless diversity and abundance of microbes. Axioms and theorems are suggested for a mathematician audience delineating how the immune system could use its limited resources economically. It is suggested that the task of the immune system is twofold: (i) It sustains homeostasis to preserve the genome by constant surveillance of the intracellular antigenic milieu. This is achieved by standardization of the T cell repertoire through a positive selection. The driving force of positive selection is immune cell survival. T cells must constantly seek contact with complementary MHC structures to survive. Such contact is based on molecular complementarity between immune cell receptors and MHC/self-peptide complexes. At the highest level of complementarity a local free energy minimum is achieved, thus a homeostatic system is created. Homeostatic interactions happen at intermediate afinity and are reversible. Alteration in the presented peptides typically decreases complementarity. That pushes the system away from the free energy minimum, which activates T cells. Complementarity is restored when cytotoxic T cells destroy altered (mutated/infected) host cells. (ii) B cells carry out an immune response to foreign proteins what requires a change in the genome. B cells raised under the antigenic in uence of the normal intestinal micro o- ra, self-proteins and alimentary antigens must go through a hypermutation process to be able to produce specific antibodies. It has a certain probability that hypermutation will successfully change the genome in some clones to switch from low afinity IgM antibody production to high afinity IgG production. Interactions (typically antibody antigen reac- tions) in an immune response happen at high afinity and are irreversible. High afinity clones will be selected, stimulated and enriched by the invading microbes. A complete account of the course of an infectious disease must also include a descrip- tion of the ecology of the immune response. It is therefore suggested that during prolonged interaction between host and infectious organism, carried on across many generations, the adaptive antibody population may facilitate the evolution of the natural antibody reper- toire, in accordance with the Baldwin effect in the evolution of instinct (see Appendix 6).
Free Boolean algebras with closure operators and a conjecture of Henkin, Monk, and Tarski
Authors: Németi I. , Madarász J. X.
Published: October 2005

We characterize the finite-dimensional elements of a free cylindric algebra. This solves Problem 2.10 in [Henkin, Monk, Tarski: Cylindric Algebras, North-Holland, 1971 and 1985]. We generalize the characterization to quasi-varieties of Boolean algebras with op- erators in place of cylindric algebras.
On the character degree graph of solvable groups. II. Discon- nected graphs
Authors: Pálfy P. P.
Published: October 2005

Let G be a finite solvable group and ¡ a set of primes such that the degree of each irreducible character of G is either a ¡-number or a ¡0-number. We show that such groups have a very restricted structure, for example, their nilpotent length is at most 4. We also prove that Huppert's ^{ÿ Conjecture is valid for these groups.
An almost polynomial Sidon sequence
Authors: Ruzsa Imre Z.
Published: October 2005

It is a classical unsolved problem whether there is a polynomial with integral coef- ficients whose values at natural numbers form a Sidon set. In this note we prove the existence of a polynomial of degree 5, with real coeficients, such that the integer parts of the values form a Sidon set.
A finite pseudorandom binary sequence
Authors: Sárközy András
Published: October 2005

In a series of papers Mauduit and Sárközy studied finite pseudorandom sequences. In particular, in Part I they showed that the Legendre symbol forms an 'ideally good' pseudorandom sequence. In other parts of the series numerous other binary sequences have been tested for pseudorandomness but neither of them proved to be as 'good' as the Legendre symbol. Here another 'very good' sequence is constructed by using the notion of index.
Partitioning a graph into vertex-disjoint paths
Authors: Li Jianping , Steiner George
Published: October 2005

Let G=(V,E) be a simple graph of order n. We consider the problem of partitioning G into vertex-disjoint paths. We obtain the following new results: (i) For any positive integer k, if dG(x)+dG(y) = n-k-1 for every pair x, y of nonadjacent vertices in  G, then G can be partitioned into k vertex-disjoint paths, unless G belongs to certain classes of extremal graphs which we characterize; (ii) For the case k=2, we strengthen our result by showing that for any two positive integers p1 and p2 satisfying n= p1+ p2,if dG(x)+dG(y) = n-3  for every pair x, y of nonadjacent vertices in G and G does not belong to classes of exceptional graphs we define, then G can be partitioned into two vertex-disjoint paths  P1 and P2 of order p1 and p2,  respectively. These results are generalizations of some classical results of Dirac and Ore, and also lead to new sufficient conditions for the existence of a Hamilton path in a graph.
An estimate about multiple stochastic integrals with respect to a normalized empirical measure
Authors: Major P.
Published: October 2005

Let a sequence of iid. random variables ξ
1
, …, ξ
n
be given on a measurable space (
X,X
) with distribution µ together with a function
f
(
x1
, …,
xk
) on the product space (
Xk
,
Xk
). Let µ
n
denote the empirical measure defined by these random variables and consider the random integral \documentclass{aastex}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{pifont}
\usepackage{stmaryrd}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\usepackage{portland,xspace}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra}
\usepackage{bbm}
\pagestyle{empty}
\DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6}
\begin{document}
$$J_{n,k} (f) = \frac{{n^{{k \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {k 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} }}{{k!}}\smallint 'f(u_1 ,...,u_k )(\mu _n (du_1 ) - \mu (du_1 ))...(\mu _n (du_k ) - \mu (du_k )),$$
\end{document} where prime means that the diagonals are omitted from the domain of integration. A good bound is given on the probability
P
(|
Jn,k
(
f
)| >
x
) for all
x
> 0 which is similar to the estimate in the analogous problem we obtain by considering the Gaussian (multiple) Wiener-Itô integral of the function
f
. The proof is based on an adaptation of some methods of the theory of Wiener-Itô integrals. In particular, a sort of diagram formula is proved for the random integrals
Jn,k
(
f
) together with some of its important properties, a result which may be interesting in itself. The relation of this paper to some results about
U
-statistics is also discussed.
The Reaction of Water with Guanosine Radical Cation in DNA
Authors: Onyemauwa Frank O. , Schuster Gary B.
Published: October 2005

Structural analyses of DNA oligonucleotides indicate the presence of strongly bound water molecules in the major and minor grooves. These water molecules may react with guanosine radical cation to form 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroguanine and other oxidation products, which can result in strand scission or other DNA damage. We probed the reaction of guanosine radical cation with water by incorporating alkyl‐substituted cytidines and thymidines into anthraquinonelinked DNA duplexes and irradiating them with UV light at 350 nm. The incorporation of these hydrophobic substituents disrupts the DNA spine of hydration and we have observed that these modifications do not affect the trapping or longdistance hopping of radical cations in DNA.
The Effect of Nasopharyngoscopic Biofeedback in Patients with Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction
Authors: Brunner Monika , Stellzig-Eisenhauer Angelika , Pröschel Ute , Verres Rolf , Komposch Gerda
Published: October 2005

Objective

To evaluate the immediate, long-term, and carry-over effects of nasopharyngoscopic biofeedback therapy in patients with cleft palate who exhibit velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD).

Design

Pre- versus posttreatment and follow-up comparisons.

Setting

Cleft palate center of the Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Subjects

Eleven patients with VPD who had received conventional speech therapy without showing significant improvement.

Interventions

A four-stage feedback procedure. The patients watched and evaluated their velopharyngeal (VP) valving during speech by an endoscopic image displayed on a video monitor. Two feedback sessions took place for every target sound.

Main Outcome Measures

Mean occurrence of VP closure during speech sound production on different linguistic levels. Patients’ self-perception was assessed by a questionnaire and speech diary.

Results

Significant improvement and stability of VP closure was noted. Mean occurrence of VP closure was 5% before therapy, 91% after two biofeedback sessions, and 86% in the follow-up after 6 months. Velopharyngeal dysfunction associated with compensatory articulation proved to be equally well trained as VPD on sounds with good articulatory placement. No significant difference was observed in the degree of improvement between phoneme-specific VPD and generalized VPD. The transfer to the level of words and sentences was successful and showed significant stability. The stability of VP closure for vowels was less than the stability for fricatives and stop sounds. Patients gained improved auditory and kinesthetic self-perception of their articulation.

Conclusions

Nasopharyngoscopic biofeedback therapy proves to be a quick and effective method to change VPD. It shows stable results and carry-over effects.
Dentocraniofacial Morphology of 21 Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Corbo Miranda , Dujardin Thierry , de Maertelaer Viviane , Malevez Chantal , Glineur Régine
Published: October 2005

Objective

To assess the skeletal and dental craniofacial proportions of unilateral cleft lip and palate patients who were operated upon using the Malek technique, and compare them with a normal group to highlight the effect of surgical correction on craniofacial development during growth.

Design

Retrospective.

Methods

The cleft palate was closed using the Malek technique in a single operation at 3 months for 11 patients (complete closure of lip and palate) and in a two-stage operation for 10 patients (soft palate at 3 months, lip and hard palate at 6 months). Comparisons were made with a normal control group. Angular and linear measurements of anterior and posterior dimensions of the upper and lower compartments of the face were measured in the 7th and 12th years.

Results and Conclusion

No significant differences were observed between the two groups of palate technique repair, although significant differences were observed between craniofacial dimensions of normal versus cleft lip and palate patients. At a skeletal level, the maxilla and mandible were retrusive relative to the cranial base in the cleft lip and palate group. In fact, there was a backward rotation of the palatal plane with repercussions on the maxillo-mandibular complex position. Furthermore, the maxilla was shorter than in normal patients, whereas the mandible was normally shaped. The upper incisors were retroclined and they locked the lower incisors in linguoversion. There was a posterior skeletal deficit of the respiratory compartment, compensated by more marked posterior maxillary alveolar growth. Facial growth in cleft lip and palate patients followed the same pattern, but was delayed compared with normal patients.
Effects of Breathy Voice Source on Ratings of Hypernasality
Authors: Imatomi Setsuko
Published: October 2005

Objective

To investigate the effects of breathy voice sources on ratings of hypernasality using synthesized speech.

Methods

Speech samples were obtained from children with cleft palates who demonstrated varying degrees of hypernasality and from a child with a voice disorder. Sources with 6 degrees of breathiness were created: a breathy source and five synthesized sources with lowered harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) values by the addition of impulses. These sources and each original (clear) source were combined with three kinds of filters: mild, moderate, and severely hypernasal. Consequently, 21 ([6 + 1] × 3) stimuli for each vowel (/a/ and /i/) were obtained for ratings.

Participants

Thirteen speech pathologists with academic training and various clinical experiences with cleft palate speech rated hypernasality of the stimuli on a 5-point scale.

Main Outcome Measures

Ratings of hypernasality for breathy and clear stimuli were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results

The effects of breathy source on ratings of hypernasality were significant for the following filters: mild hypernasal /a/, severe hypernasal /a/, mild hypernasal /i/, and moderate hypernasal /i/. A post-hoc comparison test demonstrated that the more breathy sources (BH0 or BH2) generally increased the hypernasality score for mild hypernasal filters and decreased it for moderate and severe hypernasal filters. The less breathy sources (BH3, BH4, and BH5) hardly affected the ratings.

Conclusion

The effects of breathiness on ratings of hypernasality seem to moderate rather than to mask perceived hypernasality. That is, breathiness raises slight hypernasality, whereas it reduces severe hypernasality.
A Longitudinal Study on Influence of Primary Facial Deformities on Maxillofacial Growth in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Nakamura Norifumi , Suzuki Akira , Takahashi Hideki , Honda Yasuo , Sasaguri Masaaki , Ohishi Masamichi
Published: October 2005

Objective

The goal of this study was to use three-dimensional (3D) analysis to characterize the primary facial deformities in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and then serially analyze the relationships between facial deformities and maxillofacial growth from infancy to adolescence.

Participants

Twenty-one Japanese subjects with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) and 20 with UCLP who had been operated on and then followed up for more than 15 years were enrolled in this study.

Main Outcome Measures

Facial cast models taken at cheiloplasty were scanned with a 3D laser scanner. Lateral cephalographs taken when subjects were 15 years of age or older were traced, and linear and angular measurements were calculated. The correlation between primary facial forms and maxillofacial morphology in adolescence was analyzed.

Results

Three-dimensional analysis showed larger ocular hypertelorism, wider cleft, greater deviation of the columella base, and more severe retruded position of the affected nasal alar base in subjects with UCLP than those with UCLA. Total surface area of the upper lips in subjects with UCLP was significantly smaller than those with UCLA. Correlation analyses revealed that the width of cleft lip, deviation of the columella base, difference of the nose base width, and surface area of the upper lip were statistically correlated with the maxillary length, the anterior position of the maxillary alveolar base, the posterior facial height, and the high angle of the mandible.

Conclusion

The subjects who had less severe facial deformities and more tissue volume of the upper lips at cheiloplasty showed better maxillofacial growth.
Attitude of the Canine in Secondary Bone-Grafted and Nongrafted Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Gereltzul Enkhtuvshin , Baba Yoshiyuki , Ohyama Kimie
Published: October 2005

Objective

To investigate the eruption pattern of the cleft-side canine regarding its pre-eruption position relative to the cleft in bone-grafted (BG) and nongrafted (NonBG) patients with cleft lip and palate.

Methods

Fifty-three patients with cleft lip and palate (21 BG, 32 NonBG) were examined by panoramic radiography and posteroanterior cephalography taken before and after canine eruption. Subjects were categorized into BG, NonBG, and control groups. Canines at the pre-eruption stage were categorized as close to (group 1) or distant from (group 2) the cleft area. The canine angle and its change between the two stages were evaluated.

Results

No significant differences were noted between the initial canine angle of the BG and NonBG groups. Although canines in the BG group erupted without a significant change in angle, the canine angle increased significantly (p < .0001) in the NonBG and control groups. In group 1, a greater change in canine angle was noted in the NonBG (p < .05) and control (p < .01) groups than in the BG group. In group 2, no significant difference was noted among the three groups.

Conclusions

In BG patients, a canine located near the cleft appears to erupt at the same angle as it had before grafting. However, in NonBG patients, it erupts more vertically, guided by cortical bone. For canines distant from the cleft area, there is no significant difference in the change in angulation between NonBG and BG patients.
Stability of Maxillary Surgical Movement in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate with Preceding Alveolar Bone Grafting
Authors: Thongdee Pornpaka , Samman Nabil
Published: October 2005

Objective

To evaluate the long-term three-dimensional stability of Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) who had preceding alveolar bone grafting.

Design

Analysis of prospectively collected data.

Setting

University teaching hospital and postgraduate training center.

Subjects

Thirty consecutive patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, who underwent the procedure between 1990 and 1999, satisfied the inclusion criteria and had complete records. There were 9 males and 21 females, with an age range of 14 to 28 years (mean, 18 years), and follow-up range of 12 to 66 months (mean, 62 months).

Methods

Cephalometric and study cast analyses using pre- and postoperative records (3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months). Evaluation of surgical movement and postsurgical change at all above time intervals was carried out to determine stability of surgical maxillary movement in the horizontal and vertical planes and to identify rotational and transverse relapse.

Results

Total relapse of surgical movement was 31% in the horizontal plane and 52% in the vertical plane, as well as 30% rotational. Relapse correlated with extent of surgical movement, and most relapse occurred in the first 6 months after surgery. No significant transverse relapse was documented.

Conclusion

Alveolar bone grafting prior to osteotomy stabilizes the transverse dimension of the dental arch, but does not improve horizontal, vertical, or rotational relapse, which remains significant. Correlation of relapse with extent of surgical movement does suggest that planned over-correction is a reasonable option.
Prevalence of Enamel Hypoplasia in Deciduous Canines of Patients with Complete Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Mary Baaclini Galante Janete , Costa Beatriz , Felício de Carvalho Carrara Cleide , Ribeiro Gomide Marcia
Published: October 2005

Objective

To evaluate the prevalence and type of enamel hypoplasia in deciduous canines of patients with complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate, as well as its distribution according to gender, dental arch, and side of cleft.

Design

Cross sectional.

Setting

Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.

Material and Methods

Three-hundred twelve Caucasian children (193 boys, 119 girls), aged 3 to 10 years, presenting complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate were included in this study. A single examiner carried out clinical examination under natural light with a dental probe and dental mirror and, after drying of the tooth, by means of a simplified hypoplasia index.

Results

A prevalence of 43.8% was observed for unilateral and 39% for bilateral clefts. Both groups revealed similar distributions regarding the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and gender. Similar distribution was also observed on the cleft and noncleft sides for the unilateral cleft group. The most frequent type and severity was obvious hypoplasia, followed by minimal hypoplasia, both roughly round.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the cleft does not influence the occurrence of hypoplasia in deciduous canines.
Long-Term Effects of Palate Repair on Craniofacial Morphology in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Liao Yu-Fang , Mars Michael
Published: October 2005

Objective

To identify the long-term effects of palate repair on craniofacial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP).

Design

Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Setting

Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Project.

Subjects

Forty-eight adults with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate, 29 men and 19 women, had lip repair only (LRO group). Fifty-eight adults with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate, 35 men and 23 women, had lip and palate repairs by the age of 9 (LPR group).

Main Outcome Measures

Clinical notes were used to record surgical treatment histories. Cephalometry was used to determine craniofacial morphology.

Results

In the lip and palate repair group, the depth of the bony pharynx (Ba-PMP), the maxillary length at the alveolar level (PMP-A), the effective length of the maxilla (Ar-IZ, Ar-ANS, Ar-A), the maxillary protrusion (S-N-ANS, SNA), the anteroposterior jaw relation (ANS-N-Pog, ANB), and the overjet were smaller than in the lip repair only group. There were no significant differences in the maxillary length at the basal level (PMP-IZ, PMP-ANS) and the anterior and posterior maxillary heights (N-ANS and R-PMP, respectively) in the two groups.

Conclusion

Palate repair inhibits the forward displacement of the basal maxilla and anteroposterior development of the maxillary dentoalveolus in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Palate repair has no detrimental effects on the downward displacement of the basal maxilla or on palatal remodeling in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.
Maxillary and Sella Turcica Morphology in NewbornsWith Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Nielsen Bo Werner , Mølsted Kirsten , Kjær Inger
Published: October 2005

Objective

The first aim was to examine maxillary developmental fields by analyzing bone size parameters within the maxillary bone complex in newborns with unilateral cleft lip (UCL) and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The second aim was to evaluate sella turcica morphology in unilateral cleft lip and unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Subjects and Methods

Axial and profile radiographs from 40 newborns (boy–girl, 1:1) in each group (20 unilateral cleft lip and 20 unilateral cleft lip and palate) were randomly selected among radiographs taken for optimizing treatment planning. Analysis of maxillary bone size was performed on axial radiographs and size parameters were measured. Furthermore, analysis of sella turcica morphology was performed on profile radiographs. The results were divided into groups with normal morphology and severe deviations in the morphology.

Results

The maxillary areas were significantly shorter and broader in unilateral cleft lip and palate than in unilateral cleft lip. A profound asymmetry in the maxillary areas was seen in unilateral cleft lip and palate, but not in unilateral cleft lip. In both cleft types, approximately half of the individuals had deviations in sella turcica morphology. The most severe deviations occurred in newborns with unilateral cleft lip and palate.

Conclusions

In newborns with unilateral cleft lip and palate, the maxillary areas are significantly shorter, broader, and more asymmetric than in newborns with unilateral cleft lip. The present study showed that bone structures are a suitable parameter for characterizing the craniofacial developmental fields. Additionally, a high incidence of deviations in sella turcica morphology might indicate that this area is affected in individuals with clefts.
Facilitating Communication among Speech Pathologists Treating Children with Cleft Palate
Authors: Karnell Michael P. , Bailey Philip , Johnson Lynn , Dragan Ariel , Canady John W.
Published: October 2005

An interactive web-based system was designed to facilitate communication between nonspecialist speech pathologists who provide therapy for individuals with speech disorders associated with cleft palate or craniofacial anomalies and specialist speech pathologists who provide physiologically based assessments of speech production. The web site includes instructional presentations, streaming video clips of endoscopic examinations, and exchange of information about the nature of therapy as recommended by the specialist and as provided by the nonspecialist. The approach demonstrates use of web-based computer facilities to improve the quality of communication among professionals with the goal of improving the outcomes of speech therapy. Information from the site can also be used in academic training programs as a teaching tool in courses on cleft palate speech.
Prediction of restrained plastic shrinkage cracking in plain cement concrete
Authors: Senthilkumar S. R. R. , Natesan S. C.
Published: October 2005

Tests were conducted using specimens that were cast directly on a hardened substrate base as a bonded overlay to simulate restrained plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete. Three concrete mixtures with a fine aggregate/coarse aggregate ratio of unity were tested under four ambient conditions. The test parameters of the study were cement/total aggregate ratio, water/cement ratio and environmental condition. Shrinkage cracking behaviour was studied over a period of 24 h from the time of casting. Partial correlation and multiple regression models based on statistical methodology were developed to predict total crack area induced as a result of plastic shrinkage in Portland cement concrete. The results available in the earlier literature were compared with the results obtained from the model developed. From the results of comparisons the confidence level of the predictive model was found to be more than 95%. This paper reports the test details, the test results, development of the model and the comparisons of test results with the results of the model.
Cover Picture: Bidentate Ligands by Self‐Assembly through Hydrogen Bonding: A General Room Temperature/Ambient Pressure Regioselective Hydroformylation of Terminal Alkenes (Adv. Synth. Catal. 11‐13/2005)
Authors: Seiche Wolfgang , Schuschkowski Alexander , Breit Bernhard
Published: October 2005

The cover picture shows a typical industrial reaction, hydroformylation of terminal alkenes, made possible in a test tube with ambient pressure and room temperature with high regioselectivities. For more details, see the Communication by Wolfgang Seiche, Alexander Schuschkowski, and Bernhard Breit on pages 1488–1494.
Chlorophenol dehalogenation in a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed reactor
Authors: Graham Lisa J. , Atwater James E. , Jovanovic Goran N.
Published: October 2005

Aromatic halocarbons are often present in contaminated aquifers, surface waters, wastewater streams, soils, and hazardous wastes. The dehalogenation of p‐chlorophenol as a model compound in both the aqueous phase and in slurries of contaminated solids using a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSFB) reactor is discussed. Composite palladium‐iron (Pd/Fe) media are employed as both catalyst and sacrificial reactant for the reductive dechlorination of p‐chlorophenol. Calcium alginate beads impregnated with Pd/Fe granules are fluidized in a recirculating aqueous stream containing either dissolved p‐chlorophenol or a slurry of soil contaminated with this chlorocarbon. Magnetic stabilization of the fluidized bed allows substantially higher rates of mass transfer than would otherwise be achievable, and allows circulation of contaminated solids while fluidization media are retained. Anoxic conditions are sustained under a nitrogen purge and the solution pH of 5.8 is maintained by active control to minimize surface fouling by hydroxides, and to minimize mass‐transfer resistances resulting from the surface accumulation of hydrogen bubbles. A model of this process is described and the resulting predictions are compared to the experimentally derived data. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Dynamics of reaction separation processes in the limit of chemical equilibrium
Authors: Grüner S. , Mangold M. , Kienle A.
Published: October 2005

A new approach for analyzing and understanding the dynamics of combined reaction separation processes with fast chemical reactions was proposed recently. The approach is based on transformed concentration variables which were first introduced by Doherty and co‐workers for the steady‐state design of reactive distillation processes. Application was demonstrated for reactive distillation processes and fixed bed, as well as moving‐bed chromatographic reactors. The focus was on simple reactions of type 2A ⇋ B + C. This approach is further extended and applied to some real—fairly complex—multireaction systems. Applications to be considered are a reactive enantiomeric separation process in a fixed‐bed chromatographic reactor, and an industrial reactive distillation column. Finally, application to membrane reactors is discussed. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Genotype–phenotype analysis of human frontoparietal polymicrogyria syndromes
Authors: Piao Xianhua , Chang Bernard S. , Bodell Adria , Woods Katelyn , BenZeev Bruria , Topcu Meral , Guerrini Renzo , Goldberg‐Stern Hadassa , Sztriha Laszlo , Dobyns William B. , Barkovich A. James , Walsh Christopher A.
Published: October 2005

Human cerebral cortical polymicrogyria is a heterogeneous disorder, with only one known gene (GPR56) associated with an apparently distinctive phenotype, termed bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). To define the range of abnormalities that could be caused by human GPR56 mutations and to establish diagnostic criteria for BFPP, we analyzed the GPR56 gene in a cohort of 29 patients with typical BFPP. We identified homozygous GPR56 mutations in all 29 patients with typical BFPP. The total of 11 GPR56 mutations found represented a variety of distinct founder mutations in various populations throughout the world. In addition, we analyzed five patients with BFPP who did not show GPR56 mutation and found that they define a clinically, radiographically, and genetically distinct syndrome that we termed BFPP2. Finally, we studied seven patients with a variety of other polymicrogyria syndromes including bilateral frontal polymicrogyria, bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria, and bilateral generalized polymicrogyria. No GPR56 mutation was found in these patients. This study provides a molecular confirmation of the BFPP phenotype and provides the wherewithal for diagnostic screening. Ann Neurol 2005;58:680–687
An evidence‐based causative classification system for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Ay Hakan , Furie Karen L. , Singhal Aneesh , Smith Wade S. , Sorensen A. Gregory , Koroshetz Walter J.
Published: October 2005

Regular, evidence‐based assignment of patients to etiologic stroke categories is essential to enable valid comparison among studies. We designed an algorithm (SSS‐TOAST) that incorporated recent advances in stroke imaging and epidemiology to identify the most probable TOAST category in the presence of evidence for multiple mechanisms. Based on the weight of evidence, each TOAST subtype was subdivided into 3 subcategories as “evident”, “probable”, or “possible”. Classification into the subcategories was determined via predefined specific clinical and imaging criteria. These criteria included published risks of ischemic stroke from various mechanisms and published reports of the strength of associations between clinical and imaging features and particular stroke mechanisms. Two neurologists independently assessed 50 consecutively admitted patients with acute ischemic stroke through reviews of abstracted data from medical records. The number of patients classified as “undetermined‐unclassified” per the original TOAST system decreased from 38–40% to 4% using the SSS‐TOAST system. The kappa value for interexaminer reliability was 0.78 and 0.90 for the original TOAST and SSS‐TOAST respectively. The SSS‐TOAST system successfully classifies patients with acute ischemic stroke into determined etiologic categories without sacrificing reliabilty. The SSS‐TOAST is a dynamic algorithm that can accommodate modifications as new epidemiological data accumulate and diagnostic techniques advance. Ann Neurol 2005;58:688–697
Lipid peroxidation is an early event in the brain in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Markesbery William R. , Kryscio Richard J. , Lovell Mark A. , Morrow Jason D.
Published: October 2005

Multiple studies demonstrate that the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) contains extensive oxidative damage. Most of these studies used advanced‐stage AD patients raising the question of whether oxidative damage is a late effect of neurodegeneration or precedes and contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. Here we describe F2‐isoprostane (F2‐IsoP) and F4‐neuroprostane (F4‐NP) levels in longitudinally followed, well documented autopsied normal control subjects and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and late‐stage AD. Gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization/mass spectrometry was used to determine F2‐IsoP and F4‐NP levels. Significant increases in F2‐IsoP levels were found in frontal, parietal and occipital lobes in MCI and late AD compared to controls but no significant differences were present between MCI and late AD. A significant increase in F4‐NPs was present in parietal and occipital lobes in MCI compared to controls and a significant increase was present in these regions and hippocampus in late AD compared to controls. The only difference betwen MCI and late AD was significantly increased F4‐NP in hippocampus in late AD. Our data indicate that lipid peroxidation is present in the brain of MCI patients and suggest that oxidative damage may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Ann Neurol 2005;58:730–735
Heterozygous R1101K mutation of the DCTN1 gene in a family with ALS and FTD
Authors: Münch Christoph , Rosenbohm Angela , Sperfeld Anne‐Dorte , Uttner Ingo , Reske Sven , Krause Bernd J. , Sedlmeier Reinhard , Meyer Thomas , Hanemann Clemens O. , Stumm Gabriele , Ludolph Albert C.
Published: October 2005

A heterozygous R1101K mutation of the p150 subunit of dynactin (DCTN1) is reported in a family with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and co‐occurrence of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Two members of our kindred were affected with motor neuron disease and two with dementia in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. We excluded the involvement of the ALS and FTD‐linked genes for copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and tau. The R1101K sequence alteration of the DCTN1 gene may predispose subjects to ALS and FTD. Ann Neurol 2005;58:777–780
Neuropathology of dementia in Parkinson's disease: A prospective, community‐based study
Authors: Aarsland Dag , Perry Robert , Brown Andrew , Larsen Jan P. , Ballard Clive
Published: October 2005

Twenty‐two patients with Parkinson's disease drawn from a community‐based study were followed prospectively until their deaths. Even though 18 patients had dementia, none fulfilled Braak and Braak or The National Institute on Aging and Ronald and Nancy Reagan Institute of the Alzheimer's Association, whereas all patients had limbic or neocortical Lewy body disease. The Lewy body score and Braak and Braak stage were significantly associated with the rate of cognitive decline, but only the Lewy body score was associated with the rate of cognitive decline in the univariate analyses. This study strongly suggests that Lewy body disease is the main substrate driving the progression of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2005;58:773–776
G2019S LRRK2 mutation in French and North African families with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lesage Suzanne , Ibanez Pablo , Lohmann Ebba , Pollak Pierre , Tison François , Tazir Myriem , Leutenegger Anne‐Louise , Guimaraes Joao , Bonnet Anne‐Marie , Agid Yves , Dürr Alexandra , Brice Alexis
Published: October 2005

Mutations in LRRK2 were recently identified in autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD), including the G2019S mutation. To evaluate its frequency, we analyzed 198 probands with autosomal dominant PD, mostly from France and North Africa. Surprisingly, the frequency in North African families (7/17, 41%) was greater than those from Europe (5/174, 2.9%). The clinical features in 21 patients, including 1 with a homozygous mutation, were those of typical PD, with lower Mini‐Mental State Examination scores. There were also 15 unaffected mutation carriers, aged 32 to 74 years. LRRK2 mutations appear to be a common cause of autosomal dominant PD, particularly in North Africa. Ann Neurol 2005;58:784–787
Perfusion computed tomography: Prediction of final infarct extent and stroke outcome
Authors: Parsons Mark W. , Pepper Elizabeth M. , Chan Virgil , Siddique Sabbir , Rajaratnam Siva , Bateman Grant A. , Levi Christopher R.
Published: October 2005

The Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) has not been previously applied to perfusion CT (CTP). Five raters assigned ASPECTS to baseline noncontrast CT (NCCT), CT angiography source images (CTA‐SI), CTP source images (CTP‐SI), and CTP maps of cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time (MTT) from 37 consecutive patients with less than 6‐hour anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Major reperfusion was identified on follow‐up imaging. Mean baseline ASPECTS was compared with follow‐up imaging ASPECTS. Rates of favorable outcome were compared for dichotomized baseline ASPECTS. In patients with major reperfusion, mean CBV and CTP‐SI ASPECTS closely predicted final infarct ASPECTS. In patients without major reperfusion, mean CBF and MTT ASPECTS best predicted final infarct ASPECTS. There were significant increases in rates of favorable outcome for CTP‐SI and CBV ASPECTS of greater than 6, versus less than or equal to 6, but not for other baseline CT modalities. ASPECTS applied to CTP is more accurate at identifying the extent of reversible and irreversible ischemia and at predicting final clinical outcome than NCCTor CTA‐SI. Ann Neurol 2005;58:672–679
Diffusion tensor–based imaging reveals occult abnormalities in adrenomyeloneuropathy
Authors: Dubey Prachi , Fatemi Ali , Huang Hao , Nagae‐Poetscher Lidia , Wakana Setsu , Barker Peter B. , van Zijl Peter , Moser Hugo W. , Mori Susumu , Raymond Gerald V.
Published: October 2005

“Pure” adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is the noninflammatory myeloneuropathic variant of X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy, where the disease process appears to be restricted to spinal cord tracts and peripheral nerves. The absence of obvious brain involvement makes it distinct from the inflammatory cerebral phenotypes of X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy. However, some pure AMN patients later experience development of cerebral demyelination, but little is known about the extent of brain involvement in pure AMN patients who have normal brain magnetic resonance imaging. We used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate possible occult cerebral abnormalities in such pure AMN patients. Fractional anisotropy and trace were studied in three‐dimensional reconstructions of white matter tracts commonly involved in cerebral phenotypes of X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Results demonstrated reduced fractional anisotropy and increased trace in bilateral corticospinal tracts and genu of corpus callosum (p < 0.05). Diffusion tensor imaging–based three‐dimensional fiber tracking showed occult tract‐specific cerebral microstructural abnormalities in pure AMN patients who had a normal conventional brain magnetic resonance image. Corticospinal tract abnormalities could reflect a centripetal extension of spinal cord long‐tract distal axonopathy. Accompanying abnormalities in genu of corpus callosum indicate that the disease pathology in pure AMN may not be limited to spinal cord long tracts alone, although the involvement of the latter is most prominent and severe. Ann Neurol 2005;58:758–766