bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical closure of ASD’s and concomitant procedures needed in adults: A 3-year Cardiac Centre experience
Authors: Memon Ahson , Khan Azeem , Khan Ghufranullah , Ansari Junaid , Rasheed Khalid , Hussain Adeel , Ali Imran
Published: December 2017

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the surgical closure of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) and concomitant surgical procedures needed at Cardiac Care Centre.  Introduction: An ASD is a hole of variable size in the atrial septum. A patent foramen ovale that is functionally closed by overlapping of limbic tissue superiorly and the valve of the fossa oval inferiorly (in response to the normal left-to-right atrial pressure gradient) is excluded. ASDs generally permit left-to-right shunting at the atrial level. Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a condition in which some but not all pulmonary veins connect to the right atrium or its tributaries, rather than to the left atrium. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was done at Tabba heart institute. 115 consecutive patients were reviewed and investigated. All the patients with surgical closure of ASD and concomitant surgical procedures who returned for follow-up from June 2011 to May 2016 in the study were included as population sample. Results: Total ASD repair only patients were 80 and patients who needed concomitant procedures too were 35. The size of the defect ranged from 3mm to 58mm, with a mean of 26.96±11.02mm. The relative frequencies of different ASDs were secundum 57 (80.2%), primum 4 (5.6%), and sinus venosus 10 (14.08%). Major post-operative complications by Age group and by procedure were evaluated and presented. Conclusion: It was concluded from our results that surgical repair of atrial septal defects and its variants is associated with very low morbidity in different age groups due to its excellent results.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN SUPPLY IN CULTURE MEDIA AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Rupaedah Bedah , Takahashi Yuichiro
Published: December 2017

Pengaruh Suplai Nitrogen pada Media Kultur dan Intensitas Cahaya Terhadap Proses Fotosintesis Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiOrganisms use nitrogen to produce, among others, amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. In this study, the effects of various concentrations of ammonium in culture media on the photosynthetic performance of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were done under two light conditions: low and high intensity. The microbes were grown at low (75% NH4Cl dosage), normal (100% NH4Cl dosage, which was 2 M NH4Cl), and high (125% NH4Cl dosage) nitrogen content. Cells density and chlorophyll content were quantitatively determined. Immunoblotting technique was used to separate proteins based on molecular mass. In both low and high light intensity, cells grown in 75% NH4Cl dosage culture medium showed lower cell density and chlorophyll concentration than those grown in 100% and 125% NH4Cl dosage media. The later two media produced almost the same amount of cell density and chlorophyll concentration. In conclusion, 75% NH4Cl dosage was insufficient for C. reinhardtii cells to grow well. The results also showed that accumulation of photosystem I (PsaA and PsaD/F) and light harvesting complex II (LHCII) were higher in low light than in high light intensity.AbstrakOrganisme menggunakan nitrogen diantaranya untuk memproduksi asam amino, protein, dan asam nukleat. Dalam percobaan ini pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi amonium dalam media pada fotosintesis Chlamydomonas reinhardtii dilakukan di bawah dua kondisi cahaya: intensitas rendah dan tinggi. C. reinhardtii ditumbuhkan dalam medium dengan dosis nitrogen (N) rendah (75% dosis NH4Cl), normal (100% dosis NH4Cl, yakni NH4Cl 2 M), dan tinggi (125% dosis NH4Cl). Parameter yang diukur adalah  kepadatan sel dan konsentrasi klorofil. Analisis protein dilakukan dengan imunobloting untuk memisahkan protein berdasarkan massa molekul. Pada intensitas cahaya rendah dan tinggi, sel-sel pada medium dengan 75% NH4Cl menunjukkan kepadatan sel dan konsentrasi klorofil lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan 100% NH4Cl dan 125% NH4Cl, di mana kedua media ini menghasilkan kepadatan sel maupun konsentrasi klorofil yang hampir sama. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa 75% NH4Cl tidak cukup bagi C. reinhardtii untuk tumbuh dengan baik. Selain itu, akumulasi fotosistem I (PsaA dan PsaD/F) dan kompleks pemanenan cahaya II (LHCII) lebih tinggi pada sistem fotosintesis dengan intensitas cahaya rendah dibandingkan cahaya tinggi.Kata kunci: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, fotosintesis, intensitas cahaya, klorofil, nitrogen
PENGARUH THIDIAZURON DAN HIDROLISAT KASEIN TERHADAP MULTIPLIKASI TUNAS SATOIMO (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var antiquorum ) SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Karyanti . , Kartini Minda
Published: December 2017

Effect of Thidiazuron and Casein Hydrolysate on In Vitro Shoot Multiplication of Satoimo (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var antiquorum)ABTRACTSatoimo (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var antiquorum) is an alternative substitute of rice which has a big potential to be developed in Indonesia as an export commodity to Japan. Satoimo production needs to be increased to meet the demands for of the plant seeds. Plant propagation can be done using optimal media to stimulate the formation of shoots through, amongst others, the addition of thidiazuron (TDZ) and casein hydrolysate into the culture medium. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of TDZ and casein hydrolysate for in vitro multiplication of satoimo shoots. This research used RAL method with 2 factorials, namely the addition of TDZ at 0; 0.2; 0.6 mg/L concentrations, and of casein hydrolysate at 0; 150; 300; 450 mg/L concentrations. The results showed that the use of 0.6 mg/L TDZ and 150 mg/L casein hydrolysate resulted in the highest number of shoots, with the shoot average number of 6.9 per explant.Keywords: Casein hydrolysate, optimal medium, Satoimo, shoot multiplication, TDZ  ABTRAKSatoimo (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var antiquorum) merupakan salah satu bahan alternatif pengganti beras yang memiliki peluang besar untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia, salah satunya sebagai komoditas ekspor ke negara Jepang. Produksi satoimo perlu ditingkatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bibit tanaman tersebut. Perbanyakan tanaman dapat dilakukan menggunakan media yang optimal untuk merangsang pembentukan tunas, salah satunya dengan penambahan thidiazuron (TDZ) dan hidrolisat kasein pada media tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi TDZ dan hidrolisat kasein yang optimal untuk perbanyakan tunas satoimo secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RAL dengan 2 faktorial yaitu konsentrasi TDZ yang terdiri dari 0; 0,2; 0,6 mg/L dan konsentrasi hidrolisat kasein yang terdiri dari 0; 150; 300; 450 mg/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian TDZ 0,6 mg/L dan hidrolisat kasein 150 mg/L menghasilkan jumlah tunas tertinggi, dengan rata-rata tunas yang terbentuk 6,9 per eksplan.Kata kunci: Hidrolisat kasein, multiplikasi tunas, optimasi media, Satoimo, TDZ
EFEKTIVITAS MERKURI KLORIDA (HgCl2) PADA STERILISASI TUNAS SAMPING JATI (Tectona grandis) IN VITRO
Authors: Fauzan Yusuf Sigit Ahmad , Supriyanto . , Tajuddin Teuku
Published: December 2017

Effectiveness of Mercury Chloride (HgCl2) in Sterilization of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) In VitroThe main obstacle in obtaining sterile materials in in vitro cultures derived from meristems is high level of surface contamination caused by fungi and bacteria, which often results in explant death. The objective of this study was to obtain an appropriate mercury chloride (HgCl2) concentration for the sterilization of Tectona grandis nodes in in vitro culture. One cm long-sized nodes with 0.2 mm diameter were immersed in HgCl2at concentrations of 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L for 3 minutes. The results showed that the higher concentration of HgCl2was able to suppress the growth of fungi and bacteria and increased the percentage of aseptic explants. The best HgCl2concentration was 300 mg/L since it suppressed the growth of fungi and bacteria up to 100% and 75%, respectively, and produced the highest aseptic explants of 85% at 9 days after treatment. The small sized explants supported the sterilization process and reduced browning levels.Keywords: Browning, HgCl2, in vitro, sterilization, T. grandisABSTRAKKendala utama dalam mendapatkan material steril pada kultur in vitro yang berasal dari meristem adalah tingginya tingkat kontaminasi permukaan yang disebabkan oleh jamur dan bakteri, dan sering menyebabkan kematian eksplan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh konsentrasi merkuri klorida (HgCl2) yang tepat untuk sterilisasi eksplan tunas samping tanaman jati (Tectona grandis) pada kultur in vitro. Tunas samping berukuran 1 cm dan diameter 0,2 mm direndam dalam HgCl2 pada konsentrasi 0, 100, 200 dan 300 mg/L selama 3 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi HgCl2 yang semakin tinggi mampu menekan pertumbuhan jamur dan bakteri pada eksplan serta meningkatkan persentase eksplan aseptik. HgCl2 dengan konsentrasi 300 mg/L merupakan konsentrasi terbaik karena dapat menekan pertumbuhan jamur hingga 100% dan bakteri mencapai 75%, serta menghasilkan tingkat eksplan aseptik dan hidup tertinggi yaitu sebesar 85% pada 9 hari setelah perlakuan. Ukuran eksplan yang kecil mendukung proses sterilisasi dan mengurangi tingkat browning. Kata kunci: HgCl2,in vitro, pencoklatan jaringan, sterilisasi, T. grandis, Received: 02 November 2017                 Accepted: 14 December 2017                Published: 29 December 2017
KONSEP PEMBUKTIAN SEDERHANA DALAM PERKARA KEPAILITAN
Authors: Kapoyos Nelson
Published: December 2017

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini mempermasalahkan pembuktian sederhana dalam proses kepailitan terkait kewajiban pemberitahuan adanya peralihan piutang (cessie) kepada debitur. Putusan Nomor 02/PDT.SUS.PAILIT/2014/PN.Niaga.Mks telah mengabulkan permohonan kreditur cessionaries yang dikuatkan oleh Putusan Nomor 19 K/PDT.SUSPAILIT/2015, namun pada upaya hukum peninjauan kembali majelis hakim justru mengabulkan permohonan peninjauan kembali dengan alasan pembuktian sederhana terhadap cessie belum diberitahukan kepada debitur secara resmi melalui juru sita pengadilan. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini ialah bagaimana konsep pembuktian sederhana dalam kepailitan terhadap kewajiban pemberitahuan pengalihan piutang (cessie) pada pertimbangan majelis hakim peninjauan kembali Nomor 125 PK/PDT.SUS-PAILIT/2015. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah konsep pembuktian sederhana di dalam pembuktian kepailitan tidak ada kewajiban pemberitahuan secara resmi melalui juru sita pengadilan karena Pasal 613 BW tidak mengaturnya, pemberitahuan hanya diajukan secara tertulis dan bisa kapanpun diberitahukan kepada debitur. Kata kunci: kepailitan, pembuktian sederhana, cessie.ABSTRACTThis analysis intends to question the simple proof in bankruptcy proceedings related to the transition of receivable notification obligation (cessie) to the debtors. The Commercial Court Decision Number 02/PDT.SUS.PAILIT/2014/PN.Niaga.Mks has granted the petitions of creditor’s cessionary which was strengthened by the Supreme Court Decision Number 19 K/PDT.SUSPAILIT/2015, but on the judicial review attempt, the Supreme Court has granted the petition for the judicial review on the grounds that a simple proof of cessie has not been officially disclosed to the debtor through a court bailiff. The formulation of this research problem is how the concept of simple proof in bankruptcy proceeding to the obligation of notification of transfer of receivables (cessie) in the consideration of Court Decision Number 125 PK/PDT.SUS-PAILIT/2015. The research method of this analysis is normative legal research. This analysis resolves thatin the simple proof concept of the bankruptcy proceedings, there is no obligation of official notice through the court bailiff because it is not set on Article 613 of Indonesia Civil Code Law, so the notification is only submitted in writing and may at any time be notified to the debtor. Keywords: bankruptcy, simple proof, cessie.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP ULTIMUM REMEDIUM DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI
Authors: Zenno Mas Putra
Published: December 2017

ABSTRAKPutusan Nomor 2149 K/PID.SUS/2011 memberikan vonis lepas dari segala tuntutan hukum kepada terdakwa sebagai direktur teknik PT PKT dalam kasus pengadaan rotor gas turbin generator. Majelis hakim dalam salah satu dari sekian banyak pertimbangan hukumnya menyatakan bahwa perbuatan terdakwa bukan lingkup tindak pidana tetapi lingkup hukum ekonomi keperdataan. Permasalahan yang ditarik dalam jurnal ini, bagaimanakah penerapan prinsip ultimum remedium dalam Putusan Nomor 2149 K/PID.SUS/2011? Metode penelitian dalam jurnal ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, maksudnya adalah mengkaji permasalahan yang diteliti kemudian disinkronkan dengan perundang-undangan yang berlaku serta ajaran-ajaran hukum pidana yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang sedang diteliti. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa putusan ini dapat dimaknai telah menerapkan ultimum remedium di tengah-tengah problematika hukum terkait status keuangan BUMN persero. Ultimum remedium dalam hukum pidana memiliki pengertian bahwa apabila suatu perkara dapat ditempuh melalui jalur lain seperti hukum perdata ataupun hukum administrasi hendaklah jalur tersebut ditempuh sebelum mengoperasionalkan hukum pidana. Kata kunci: ultimum remedium, korupsi, BUMN.ABSTRACTCourt Decision Number 2149 K/PID.SUS/2011 sentenced the Defendant as the Technical Director of PT PKT, free from all charges in the case of procurement of gas turbine generator rotor. The Panel of Judges in one of their various legal considerations stated that the defendant’s conduct did not fall within the scope of the criminal act but the scope of the civil economy law. The research in this analysis is done using the method of normative juridical approach by studying and synchronizing the problems with the applicable statutory regulations and the teachings of the criminal law relating to the issues under examination. The result of this analysis indicates that the ruling of the Supreme Court could be interpreted to have applied ultimum remedium amidst legal problems related to the financial status of the State-Owned Enterprise Limited. Ultimium remedium in criminal law means that if a case can be reached through other channels such as civil law or administrative law, it should be taken prior to operationalize criminal law. Keywords: ultimum remedium, corruption, state-owned enterprise.
Alzheimer Disease Diagnosis using the K-means, ‎GLCM and K_NN
Authors: Oleiwi Wed Kadhim
Published: December 2017

Investigation of medical images have major consequence in the field of treatment.in this work ,MR images have been used to distinguish the normal brain from brain with Alzheimer disease .Texture is an native property of all surfaces it contains important facts about the structural organization of the surfaces and their connections neighboring area. In direction to classify texture must be segmented into a number of section that has the similar properties, for this purpose we used k- means algorithm  with GLCM for  feature extraction ,finally we used k-nearest neighbor algorithm to distinguish between normal and abnormal brain
Studying the Optimum Conditions of ‎Hygromycin B Production and Detect their ‎Toxicity
Authors: Abdulmunim ‎ Zahraa , Jabba Rabah N. , Al-Shaibani Abdulwahid B.
Published: December 2017

Hygromycin B was extracted with ethyl acetate, which separates organic phase from aqueous phase in the broth culture filtrate, only the aqueous phase showed significant antimicrobial activity by using agar well diffusion technique. At a concentration of 25mg/ml (as crude extract), this phase excreted its activity against the test microorganisms which include; one G(+) bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), five G(–) bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi) and one yeast (Saccharomyces  cerevisiae). 

        After detecting the aminoglycoside hygromycin B by the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method to ensure presence of the antibiotic, same flow rate (Rf) value (0.357) as that of the standard hygromycin B was obtained.

         Results of the optimization conditions showed that the highest antimicrobial activity of hygromycin B was obtained at a medium pH of 8 and incubation temperature of 35°C for 10 days. When the toxicity of hygromycin B crude extract under such conditions was examined on mice liver, a mild effects were appeared
Effect of Men Infertility on Serum Creatine ‎Kinase Activity ‎
Authors: Azize Safa Wahab , Kadhim Nadia Hasan
Published: December 2017

mThe present study was carried out on 60 patientsm with male factor infertility comparedmwith 60 healthy controls, their ages ranged betweenn20-56 years in Maternity and Childhood Teaching Hilla Hospital and in a biochemistry laboratory of Pharmacy college of Babylon university,  between Junem2014 – Junuary 2015. The purpose of this study is to investigate CK activity, serum creatine,mcreatinine levels and semen parametersmin infertile men only ,infertile with DM, smoking ifertile,nand hypertention with infertile patients. The present resultsbshowed a statistically significant deferences (p<0.05) in creatine kinasehactivity, creatine and seminal characteristics while nonmsignificant in creatinine and in Abnormal sperm morphology % .

There were statistically significant deferences betweenkthe biochemical and seminal parameters inodiabetes , hypertension and smoking patients and tomcontrol group at a p valuem(P<0.05). There were no observed significantkdifferences in creatinine and Abnormal sperm morphology % of smokerskcompared to control group (P>0.05). The same resultskwere obtained in diabetic and hypertensionkwhen compared tojcontrol group (P<0.05). Our resultsjindicated that thejdiabetes , hypertension and smoking reducelserum CK creatinine and semen parameters inkmale infertility . Enzymetic activity of CK inkserum is a biochemical marker in determining infertility and this biochemicalkmarker will represents an important diagnostic feature withmseminal parameters in the future.
Almost Unbiased Ratio cum Product Estimator for Finite Population Mean with Known Median in Simple Random Sampling
Authors: Jambulingam Subramani , Master Ajith S.
Published: December 2017

Introduction: In sampling theory, different procedures are used to obtain the efficient estimator of the population mean. The commonly used method is to obtain the estimator of the population mean is simple random sampling without replacement when there is no auxiliary variable is available. There are methods that use auxiliary information of the study characteristics. If the auxiliary variable is correlated with study variable, number of estimators are widely available in the literature.Objective: This study deals with a new ratio cum product estimator is developed for the estimation of population mean of the study variable with the known median of the auxiliary variable in simple random sampling.Materials and Methods: The bias and mean squared error of proposed estimator are derived and compared with that of the existing estimators by analytically and numerically.Results: The proposed estimator is less biased and mean squared error is less than that of the existing estimators and from the numerical study, under some known natural populations, the bias of proposed estimator is approximately zero and the mean squared error ranged from 6.83 to 66429.21 and percentage relative efficiencies ranged from 103.65 to 2858.75.Conclusion: The proposed estimator under optimum conditions is almost unbiased and performs better than all other existing estimators.Nepalese Journal of Statistics, 2017, Vol. 1, 1-14
Nutritional Status and the Associated Factors in Under Five Years Children of Lamjung, Gorkha and Tanahun Districts of Nepal
Authors: Dhungana Govinda Prasad
Published: December 2017

Background: The nutritional status of children is important as it determines their health, physical growth as well as development, productive life and academic performance. The national figures for stunting, underweight and wasting in under five years children in Nepal stands at 41%, 29% and 11%, respectively according to NDHS 2011. However, the magnitude of this problem in hilly areas of Nepal is not well understood.Objectives: The objective of this study was to find the nutritional status of 6 to 59 months of children and its associated factors.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, population-based study design has been used for this study. The study population was 6 to 59 months children who were permanent or temporary residents of the study area. The respondent was the mother of the under 5 year child. A total 10% (n=1353) study participants were selected from each of the 4 VDCs of Lamjung and Gorkha, and each of the 5 VDCs of Tanahun during April-May, 2014 by applying systematic random sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to mothers by face to face interview method. The anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were also recorded. Binary logistic regression was applied to identify the factors associated to the nutritional status.Results: In the study, 56.3% were boys and 43.7% were girls. The prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight was 10.6% (95% C.I: 9.0-12.2), 53.9% (95% C.I: 51.2-56.6) and 20.8% (95% C.I: 18.6-23.0), respectively. The wasting, stunting and underweight were higher in boys than in girls. The factors were duration of breast feeding, occupation of mothers, family size, site of delivery, height of mothers and age of mother during the delivery.Conclusion: Stunting was more prevalent than wasting in the study districts and implies that there is a problem of chronic malnutrition. The factors highlighted in this study should be adequately addressed by concerned authorities to address malnutrition in these hilly districts of Nepal.Nepalese Journal of Statistics, 2017, Vol. 1, 15-28
The effects of kicking leg preference on the bilateral leg strength asymmetries of amateur football players
Authors: Yıldız Mehmet , Kale Mehmet
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the effects of kicking leg preference on the bilateral leg strength asymmetries of amateur football players.

METHODS

: Thirty-four right-dominant (RD) and twenty-three left-dominant (LD) amateur football players volunteered to participate in the study. Squat and countermovement jump, standing long jump, and isokinetic knee strength (at 60, 180 and 300[Formula: see text]/s) were tested with respect to inter-limb asymmetry index (ASI).

RESULTS:

There were significant differences in horizontal jump and H/Q ratio at 60[Formula: see text]/s between DL and NDL in all football players. There were also significant differences in standing long jump, hamstring peak torque at 180[Formula: see text]/s and H/Q ratio at 60[Formula: see text]/s in the LD football players ([Formula: see text] 0.05). Moreover, the LD group had greater percentage of subjects with ASI [Formula: see text] 15% for standing long jump, hamstring peak torque at 180[Formula: see text]/s. Furthermore the percentage of subjects with H/Q Ratio [Formula: see text] 0.60 for 60[Formula: see text]/s was greater in the LD players’ DL.

CONCLUSION:

Bilateral leg strength asymmetries may be affected by a single leg predominantly in the mobilization workouts. Having higher inter-limb asymmetry index, LD players may be screened and trained to minimize leg strength asymmetries.
Carnitine deficiency in preterm infants: A national survey of knowledge and practices
Authors: Clark M.A. , Stein R.E.K. , Silver Ellen J. , Khalid Sabeen , Fuloria M. , Esteban-Cruciani N.V.
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE:

Lipid supplementation improves developmental outcomes in preterm infants. Carnitine is essential for lipid metabolism; however, despite high risk for carnitine deficiency, there are no standards for carnitine supplementation in preterm infants receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Our objective was to assess knowledge, beliefs and practices regarding preterm carnitine deficiency and supplementation among neonatal practitioners.

METHODS:

Cross-sectional electronic survey administered via a nationally representative listserv of neonatal practitioners.

RESULTS:

492 respondents participated in the survey. Only 21% of respondents were aware that carnitine is secreted by the placenta. 72% believed that carnitine deficiency was common, and 60% believed deficiency could have serious consequences. Five percent routinely screened for deficiency, and 40% routinely provided carnitine supplementation. Respondents with >5 years’ experience were more likely to report using carnitine supplementation (50% vs. 38%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although most respondents believed that carnitine deficiency is common and could have serious consequences, few screened for deficiency and fewer than half routinely supplemented. Thus, many preterm infants remain at risk for carnitine deficiency. Further research is needed to elucidate the risks of carnitine deficiency in these vulnerable infants.
Clinical and nutritional outcomes of two liquid human milk fortifiers for premature infants
Authors: Lainwala Shabnam , Kosyakova Natalia , Spizzoucco Ann Marie , Herson Victor , Brownell Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND:

In preterm infants fortification of human milk with human milk fortifiers (HMF) to optimize nutrition and growth is standard practice. We compared clinical, nutrition and growth outcomes in infants receiving two types of liquid HMF (LHMF).

METHODS:

Clinical, nutrition and growth outcomes were compared between infants admitted to a level IV NICU, and born with birth weight less than or equal to 1800 grams, between 10/1/2014-12/31/2014 and received human milk with acidified LHMF (ALHMF) and between 1/1/2015-4/31/2015 and received human milk with heat treated LHMF (HTLHMF).

RESULTS:

Of the 85 qualifying infants, 67 received human milk and LHMF. ALHMF group had significantly higher incidence of metabolic acidosis and lower bicarbonate and base excess levels relative to infants receiving HTLHMF ( P < 0.001). There were no significant differences by LHMF status in other clinical outcomes and nutrition and growth outcomes. In multivariate analyses, ALHMF use was associated with metabolic acidosis, and lower base excess and bicarbonate levels.

CONCLUSION:

In our study, the clinical, nutrition and growth outcomes between the two LHMF groups were similar. However, use of ALHMF in preterm infants was associated with increased incidence of metabolic acidosis in our cohort. Further randomized control trials are warranted to evaluate these findings.
Sustained lung inflation at birth for preterm infants at risk of respiratory distress syndrome: The proper pressure and duration
Authors: Abd El-Fattah N. , Nasef N. , Al-Harrass M.F. , Khashaba Mohammed
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND:

Variations exist among the administered pressure and duration of sustained lung inflation (SLI) in the delivery room (DR). We aimed to evaluate the appropriate pressure and duration needed for SLI in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

METHODS:

We prospectively randomized 100 preterm (<32 weeks) infants to receive either conventional therapy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at 5 cm H2O, or four groups of CPAP plus a single maneuver of SLI at four regimens based on administered pressures and durations; P20D20 (Pressure of 20 cm H2O for a duration of 20 seconds), P20D10 (20 cm H2O for 10 seconds), P15D20 (15 cm H2O for 20 seconds), and P15D10 (15 cm H2O for 10 seconds) using a T-piece ventilator. The primary outcome was the need for endotracheal intubation (ETT) in the DR. Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) was obtained from intubated infants for interleukin-10 (IL-10) assessment.

RESULTS:

SLI decreased the need for ETT in the DR (21% versus 55%, p < 0.01) compared to conventional therapy. ETT requirement was significantly lower in P20D10 (20%), P15D20 (20%), and P15D10 (20%) groups, but not P20D20 (25%) compared to the conventional group (55%, p < 0.05). Group P20D20 had significant higher BAL levels of IL-10 [713.8 (IQR 611-874) versus 535.4 (IQR 480-563) pg/ml, p < 0.05] compared to the conventional group, and to other SLI groups. Pneumothorax was not significantly different among studied groups.

CONCLUSION:

SLI for a pressure and duration ≥20 cm H2O for 20 seconds is not superior to lower pressures for shorter duration and may be injurious to lungs.
Grain filling patterns of barley as affected by high temperature stress
Authors: Rana Md Rasel , Karim Md Masudul , Hassan Md Juiceball , Hossain Md Alamgir , Haque Md Ashraful
Published: December 2017

Grain filling determines the grain weight, a major component of grain yield in cereals. Grain filling in barley depends on current assimilation and culm reserves (mainly water-soluble carbohydrates). Nowadays barley is facing heat stress problem which is mostly responsible to reduce the yield of barley. A field experiment was conducted at the Field Lab, Department of Crop Botany, BangladeshAgriculturalUniversity, Mymensingh during November 2015 to March 2016 to study the grain filling patterns and the contributions of culm reserves to grain yield under heat stress. The experiment consisted of two factors—barley cultivars and heat stress. The heat stress was imposed by late sowing. The tillers were sampled once a week during grain filling period to determine the changes in dry weights of different parts, viz., leaves, culm with sheath, spikes, and grains; and to examine the contribution of culm reserves to grain yield. The results in the experiment revealed that the grain yield was reduced by 22-28% due to the stress. The grain yield varied from 52 to 150 g m−2 with the mean of 102 g m−2 under control while it varied from 37 to 116 g m−2 with the mean of 75 g m−2 under heat stress. Among the cultivars studied BARI Barley5, BARI Barley2 and BARI Barley1, seemed as high yielders while BARI Barley3, BARI Barley4, BARI Barley6 as the low yielders under heat stress treatment. The reduction in grain yield was attributable mainly to lighter grain weight due to the stress. Heat stress drastically reduced the grain filling duration by 45–50%. However, the stress increased the grain filling rate by 6–53%. The amount of reserves remobilized to grain varied among the cultivars ranging from 4.8 to 12.77 mg spike−1 in control and from 1.73 to 6.25 mg spike−1 in stressed plants. The stressed barley plants exhibited lower accumulation of reserves in culm but they showed almost its complete remobilization to the grain. The contribution of culm reserves to grain yield varied from 1.13 to 19.52%, and 1.09 to 2.11% in control and in stressed plants, respectively. In conclusion, culm reserve is the important attributes in grain yield in Bangladeshi barley cultivars but the contribution remains almost unaffected due the post-anthesis heat stress.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 174-181, December 2017
Quality of commonly used fertilizers collected from different areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Mohiuddin KM , Era FR , Siddiquee MSH , Rahman MM
Published: December 2017

Total 54 fertilizer samples were randomly collected from the markets of four districts ofBangladeshto assess nutrient and heavy metal (Cd, Cr & Pb) contents in different fertilizers. The chemical analyses of fertilizers were conducted at the Department of Agricultural Chemistry,BangladeshAgriculturalUniversity, Mymensingh. Nutrient status of fertilizers was determined using the standard procedures and heavy metals in the fertilizer extract were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Nitrogen (N) content in urea collected from different areas ranged from 41.37 to 46.27%. Biuret content of the collected urea samples varied from 1.40 to 2.80%, where the maximum allowable limit (MAL) is 1.50%. Among the six urea samples, biuret content exceeded the MAL in five samples. Phosphorous (P) content in most of the triple superphosphate (TSP) samples was higher than the specified amount. Out of eight samples, only two samples contained less than 20% P. Out of eight diammonium phosphate (DAP) samples, only three samples contained lower amount of P than the specified amount and five samples contained lower amount of N than the specified amount. Chromium content in all theDAPsamples were much higher than the MAL. Potassium (K) content in all five collected muriate of potash (MoP) samples were lower than the specified amount with an average of 45.81% K. The concentration of sulphur (S) in fertilizer samples in the investigated area varied from 16.50 to 21.60%. Out of six magnesium sulphate samples, five samples contained lower than the specified amount (9.5%) of Mg. The concentration of boron (B) in solubor samples varied from 13.55 to 19.56%, which are lower than the standard limit (20.90%). The concentration of zinc (Zn) in all the collected zinc sulphate heptahydrate samples had lower amount of Zn than the standard limit (23%). Only one out of six collected copper sulphate samples, met the specified limit of Cu (25.40%). Total 42 fertilizer samples (77.80%), out of 54, had less than the specified amount of nutrients. Heavy metals like Pb and Cr content exceeded the MAL in 67% and 47% of collected fertilizer samples, respectively. Cadmium content was below the detectable limit of flame in AAS in all the samples. In order to minimize the impact of fertilizer adulteration on food security and safety, continuous monitoring of fertilizer quality is required.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 219-225, December 2017
Light and temperature effects on sprout yield and its proximate composition and vitamin C content in Lignosus and Mung beans
Authors: Islam MJ , Hassan MK , Sarker SR , Rahman AB , Fakir MSA
Published: December 2017

Bean sprout is used as vegetables. The present study investigated the effect of temperature and light on seed germination and sprout yield, and proximate (crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, nitrogen free extract and ash) composition of sprout in Lignosus (Dipogon lignosus (L.) Verdc.) and Mung (Vigna radiata Wilczek) beans. Three temperatures (ambient, 25o and 30oC) and two light regimes; continuous dark, (CD) and continuous dark alternated by ½ hour light daily, (DAL) were used for seed germination and bean sprout yield. Data were collected 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after setting the presoaked seeds in the petri dishes. Of the temperature regimes, generally better seed germination and sprout fresh weight (yield) were observed at 25oC in Mung bean and 30oC in Lignosus bean. Germination and sprout yield were similar under CD and DAL. Both under CD and DAL, sprout yield was higher after 120 hours compared to 96 hrs after germination in both the beans. Proximate composition of dry seeds and their sprouts was also determined. Irrespective of species, crude protein content was significantly higher in sprout (average of 29.33%) than dry seed (average of 24.33%).Vitamin C was significantly higher in Lignosus bean sprout (20.93 mg 100g-1) compared to Mung bean sprout (9.52 mg 100g-1). This is the first world report on Lignosus bean sprout. It may be concluded that better sprout yield and good protein content were obtained at 25oC in Mung bean and 30oC in Lignosus bean after 120 hrs of germination irrespective of dark and light.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 248-254, December 2017
An epidemiological investigation of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants in Tangail, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Atikur , Labony Sharmin Shahid , Dey Anita Rani , Alam Mohammad Zahangir
Published: December 2017

Gastrointestinal (GI) parasitism is anegregious problem in small ruminant production system due to is impact on growth and associated cost of control measures. An epidemiological study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of small ruminants from different areas of Madhupur, Tangail. The stool samples were collected from a total of 426 goats and sheep from study areas. Specimens were subjected to Stoll’s ova counting technique and the overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection was found 63.4%. Overall prevalence of nematodes, cestodes, trematodes and protozoa was 52.11%, 2.11%, 36.62% and 10.33%, respectively. The prevalence of parasites were variable with Fasciola spp. (8.45%), Paramphistomum spp. (28.17%), Monieziaspp. (2.11%), Haemonchus spp. (31.22%), Trichurisspp. (1.17%), Oesophagostomum spp. (10.80%), Strongyloides spp. (4.93%), Trichostrongylus spp. (2.35%), Bunostomum spp. (1.64%), Eimeria spp. (24%) and Balantidium spp. (6.34%). Parasitic ova counts in male and female exhibited no significant variations (p>0.05) between them. The infection was significantly higher (65.11%) in adult than in young (58.09%). No significant (p>0.05) variation was observed in infection rates between goats (64.09%) and sheep (60.67%). Seasonal variation was found significant between rainy (72.44%), winter (56.72%) and summer (61.82%) seasons. Animals with poor body conditions (74.67%) were mostly affected compared to those with moderate (62.38%) and good (39.00%) body conditions. Further attempt is necessary for a structured surveillance and monitoring of GI parasites to formulate effective control measures.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 255-259, December 2017
Subclinical mastitis in dairy cows: somatic cell counts and associated bacteria in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Authors: Sumon SMMR , Ehsan MA , Islam MT
Published: December 2017

Subclinical mastitis is an economically important disease of dairy cows and has a prominent place amongst the factors that limit milk production. This study was undertaken to determine the association of somatic cell counts (SCC) and occurrence of bacteria with SCM in smallholder dairy cows in Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total number of 240 quarters milk samples from apparently healthy lactating cows were subjected to SCC using NucleoCounter® SCC-100 ™ (Chemo Metec). A quarter was considered SCM positive if the quarter had SCC>100 x 103 cells/ml. All subclinical mastitis positive quarter milk samples were subjected to bacteriological examination and isolates were classified into major, minor, uncommon and mixed pathogens. The overall quarter-level prevalence of subclinical mastitis of dairy cows in Mymensingh district was 25% (95% CI, 19.52% to 30.48%). The most frequently isolated bacterial species were Staphylococcus aureus (18.33%) followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (10%), Enterobacter spp. (6.67%), Escherichia coli (5%), Bacillus spp. (5%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5%). Different bacterial isolates were associated with 90% cases of subclinical mastitis as mono infections or mixed infections. Mono and mixed infections significantly influenced SCC and were the most prominent factors responsible for increasing SCC. Mean SCC was the highest for Bacillus spp. (713.67 x 103 cells/ml) followed by Enterobacter spp. (395.75 x 103 cells/ml), Escherichia coli (386.00 x 103 cells/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (373.82 x 103 cells/ml), coagulase-negative staphylococci (182.67 x 103 cells/ml) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (138.67 x 103 cells/ml). Major pathogens induced higher SCC (380.72 x 103cells/ml) than minor and other pathogen groups.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 266-271, December 2017
A comparative study on different physicochemical properties of fresh and frozen lamb meat
Authors: Inam AKM Sarwar , Ahmmed R , Haque MA
Published: December 2017

This study described the comparison of different physicochemical parameters between fresh and frozen lamb meat. The pH measurement for fresh and frozen lamb meat did not show a significant difference. CIE L*a*b* (Commission Internationale de l'éclairage) color measurement technique was used and ∆E (distance between 2 colors) was found 5.32. On shrinkage measurement, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between the fresh and frozen meat. Frozen lamb sample showed 26.99% shrinkage compared to the fresh lamb which showed 18.09% shrinkage. The thawing loss did not show any significant difference. For texture analysis force and work were evaluated together for both fresh and frozen samples through Warner Bratzler texture analysis. The values did not show any significant difference. The absolute values of force and work were significantly different (p<0.05). Water binding capacity of the frozen and fresh sample were 56.57% and 59.27%, respectively. The moisture contents of fresh and frozen sample were 73.64% and 72.85%, respectively. Fat contents of fresh and frozen sample were 5.08% and 6.09% respectively. The study concludes that while comparing fresh and frozen lamb, only shrinkage and texture analysis showed significant difference whereas other physicochemical properties showed minor differences.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 281-288, December 2017
Osmotic dehydration kinetics of oyster mushroom
Authors: Yasmin S , Islam MN , Alim MA , Kamal MS
Published: December 2017

This research was carried out to study the effect of osmotic dehydration behavior of oyster mushroom. The effect of solution concentration, immersion time and temperature on mass transfer parameters were observed during osmotic dehydration of oyster mushroom at three different temperatures −12, 27 and 45°C.  A number of process parameters on osmotic dehydration such as water loss (WL), solid gain (SG), and normalized solid content (NSC) were investigated. Results showed that increase in salt concentration and immersion time resulted in %WL, %SG and NSC. The highest NSC (4.09 g solids/100g of initial weight of sample) was achieved for product osmosed in 25% salt solution for 6 hr immersion time. The pseudo diffusion coefficient, k was determined by using Fick’s First Law of diffusion equation. Plotting k values against inverse absolute temperature an Arrhenius type relationship was developed from which the calculated activation energy values of 1.8 and 3.64 kcal/gm-mole were obtained for 20% and 15% salt solution respectively.
Risk factors associated with tilapia and pangasius diseases
Authors: Faruk MAR , Rahman N , Patwary ZP
Published: December 2017

Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) are currently very important and popular species for aquaculture inBangladesh. They are cultured commercially in high stocking densities which are accompanied by several risk factors leading to disease outbreaks. The present study was carried out to investigate diseases of these two species under farming condition with special emphasis on risk factors analysis and their health management strategies. Data were collected through questionnaire interview and focus group discussion with farmers. Altogether 50 farmers were interviewed of which 25 were tilapia farmers and 25 were pangus farmers in Trishal upazila of Mymensingh district. Possible risks were assessed using certain parameters like season of disease occurrence, presence of predators in farms, contact with livestock, maintenance of farm hygiene, sharing of farming tools, feeding of fish and pond management measures. It was found that presence of predatory birds, maintenance of good farm hygiene, sharing of tools, increased stocking densities and improper pond management were the major risks of disease outbreak. The most prevalent clinical signs of diseased fish included anal protrusion and red spot on body surface in case of pangus while pop and red eye and gas problems were common in both pangasius and tilapia. Generally, pangus were found more susceptible to disease than tilapia. Predatory birds were a big problem in the study area. They act as a potential carrier of infectious organisms among farms from farm to farm.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 15(2): 325-331, December 2017
Role of chitosan powder on the production of quality rice seedlings of BRRI dhan29
Authors: Issak Mohammad , Sultana Amena
Published: December 2017

Role of chitosan powder on the production of quality rice seedlings of BRRI dhan29 was examined in the field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka. There were six treatments and three replications in the experiment. The treatments were as follows: T1 = 100 g chitosan (CHT) powder/m2, T2 = 200 g CHT powder/m2, T3 = 300 g CHT powder/m2, T4 = 400 g CHT powder/m2, T5 = 500 g CHT powder/m2, T6 = 0 g CHT powder/m2. A significant variation was observed in the seedlings height, biomass production, dry matter production and chemical properties of the seedbed soils due to the application of chitosan powder in the seedbed. The maximum seedlings height, fresh weight, oven dry weight was observed in the treatment T4 and the minimum level in the treatment T6 (control). On the other hand, the maximum level of organic carbon, organic matter and soil pH was recorded in the treatment T5 and the minimum level in the treatment T6 (control). Chitosan powder increased the level of organic matter in a dose dependent manner. Quality of the Boro rice seedlings were improved due to the application of chitosan powder and the seedlings strength were increased in a dose dependent manner. All the treatments were produced good quality Boro rice seedlings having more chlorophyll level and seedlings strength than the control treatments. Our results indicated that treatment T4 shows the superior results than other treatments. These results could be due some nature of soil alkalization and other some macro-micro nutritional supplementation which may be improving the strength of the seedlings. Taken together, chitosan powder could play a significant role in the quality Boro rice seedling production that might be help to increase the grain yield.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.4(3): 141-149, December 2017
Internal transcribed spacer based identification of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from poultry feed samples
Authors: Mahmud Md Muket , Hassan Jayedul , Nazir KHM Nazmul Hussain
Published: December 2017

Among over 180 Aspergilli, Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common etiological agent causing invasive mold infection mostly in immunocompromised human and animal. Besides, the fungus is used for various useful purposes. However, for the utilization of A. fumigatus as a useful candidate, accurate identification is crucial. Here, the research work was aimed at identifying A. fumigatus from poultry feed samples using conventional and molecular techniques. Out of 23 feed samples, 2 (8.7%) were found to be positive for A. fumigatus. The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS 1) and ITS 2 regions and the 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) region of the fungus were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. The ITS regions are located between the 18S and 28S rRNA genes, and rRNA gene for 5.8S RNA separates these two ITS regions. The isolated gene has been sequenced and deposited in the GenBank (accession no. KC142152). The gene was 100% similar to other reference species of A. fumigatus, whereas in phylogenetic analysis, a clear distance was found in the cases of other Aspergilli. Based on the unique nature of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions and phylogenetic analysis of the genes, A. fumigatus was correctly identified. The isolated strain could be a good candidate for further studies especially for utilization in the field of biotechnology.Res. Agric. Livest. Fish.4(3): 165-171, December 2017