bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Equilibrium Moisture Content of Pistachio Powder through the ANN and GA Approaches
Authors: Tavakolipour Hamid , Mokhtarian Mohsen
Published: September 2014

In this study, two intelligent tools of genetic algorithm (GA) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to use experimental data to predict equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of Persian pistachio powder. Initially the moisture sorption isotherms of pistachio powder were determined by gravimetric method at different temperatures (15, 25, 35 and 40°C) and constant relative humidity’s (0.11, 0.23, 0.36, 0.49, 0.62, 0.75 and 0.88awvalues) and then traditional mathematical models including BET, Iglesias and Chirife, GAB, Caurie and Freundlich were used to check the fitness of experimental data. Later the experimental data were compared with similar data obtained from GA and ANN models. The overall results showed that the Caurie model had high performance to predict EMC and revealed that GA model had greater accuracy to predict EMC of pistachio powder with very highR2values (equal to 0.9996).
A Generalization of the Wadati-Konno-Ichikawa Soliton Hierarchy and its Liouville Integrability
Authors: Ma Wen-Xiu , Xia Tiecheng , Zhu Zuonong
Published: September 2014

A new matrix spectral problem associated with sl(2,), which generalizes the Wadati-Konno-Ichikawa spectral problem, is introduced, and the corresponding hierarchy of soliton equations is generated from the associated zero curvature equations. A bi-Hamiltonian structure of the resulting generalized soliton hierarchy is furnished by using the trace identity, and thus, every system in the generalized hierarchy is Liouville integrable.
Confronting Scientific Misconceptions by Fostering a Classroom of Scientists in the Introductory Biology Lab
Authors: Holding Matthew L. , Denton Robert D. , Kulesza Amy E. , Ridgway Judith S.
Published: September 2014

A fundamental component of science curricula is the understanding of scientific inquiry. Although recent trends favor using student inquiry to learn concepts through hands-on activities, it is often unclear to students where the line is drawn between the content and the process of science. This activity explicitly introduces students to the processes of science and allows the classroom to become a scientific community where independent studies are performed, shared, and revised. We designed this activity to be relatively independent of the chosen content, allowing instructors to utilize the presented framework for classes of various disciplines and education levels.
Cellular and molecular basis of decision‐making
Authors: Yapici Nilay , Zimmer Manuel , Domingos Ana I
Published: September 2014

People think they are in control of their own decisions: what to eat or drink, whom to marry or pick a fight with, where to live, what to buy. Behavioural economists and neurophysiologists have long studied decision‐making behaviours. However, these behaviours have only recently been studied through the light of molecular genetics. Here, we review recent research in mice, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans, that analyses the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying decision‐making. These studies interrogate decision‐making about food, sexual behaviour, aggression or foraging strategies, and add molecular and cell biology understanding onto the consilience of brain and decision.
Color-Coded Digital Subtraction Angiography in the Management of a Rare Case of Middle Cerebral Artery Pure Arterial Malformation
Authors: Feliciano Caleb E. , Pamias-Portalatin Eva , Mendoza-Torres Jorge , Effio Euclides , Moran Yadira , Rodriguez-Mercado Rafael
Published: September 2014

The advent of flow dynamics and the recent availability of perfusion analysis software have provided new diagnostic tools and management possibilities for cerebrovascular patients. To this end, we provide an example of the use of color-coded angiography and its application in a rare case of a patient with a pure middle cerebral artery (MCA) malformation.

A 42-year-old male chronic smoker was evaluated in the emergency room due to sudden onset of severe headache, nausea, vomiting and left-sided weakness. Head computed tomography revealed a right basal ganglia hemorrhage. Cerebral digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed a right middle cerebral artery malformation consisting of convoluted and ectatic collateral vessels supplying the distal middle cerebral artery territory-M1 proximally occluded. An associated medial lenticulostriate artery aneurysm was found. Brain single-photon emission computed tomography with and without acetazolamide failed to show problems in vascular reserve that would indicate the need for flow augmentation.

Twelve months after discharge, the patient recovered from the left-sided weakness and did not present any similar events. A follow-up DSA and perfusion study using color-coded perfusion analysis showed perforator aneurysm resolution and adequate, albeit delayed perfusion in the involved vascular territory.

We propose a combined congenital and acquired mechanism involving M1 occlusion with secondary dysplastic changes in collateral supply to the distal MCA territory. Angiographic and cerebral perfusion work-up was used to exclude the need for flow augmentation. Nevertheless, the natural course of this lesion remains unclear and long-term follow-up is warranted.
Intermittent everolimus administration for malignant insulinoma
Authors: Baratelli Chiara , Brizzi Maria Pia , Tampellini Marco , Scagliotti Giorgio Vittorio , Priola Adriano , Terzolo Massimo , Pia Anna , Berruti Alfredo
Published: September 2014

Insulinoma is a rare form of insulin-secreting pancreatic islet cell neuroendocrine (NE) tumor. The medical treatment of the malignant NE disease of the pancreas deeply changed in the last years, thanks to the introduction of new target molecules, as everolimus. Even if the exact mechanism is not actually known, one of the side effects of everolimus, hyperglycemia, has been demonstrated to be useful to contrast the typical hypoglycemia of the insulinoma. We report the case of a patient with a metastatic malignant insulinoma treated with intermittent everolimus, obtaining an important improvement in the quality of life; this suggests the necessity of preclinical studies to analyze the cellular pathways involved in insulin-independent gluconeogenesis.

Learning points

Effect of somatostatin analogs is long-lasting in the control of functioning NE tumors.

Persistent everolimus control of hypoglycemia despite serum insulin levels and disease progression.

Open issue: are disease progression and the increase in serum markers the only valid criteria to reject a treatment?
Histologically confirmed isolated IgG4-related hypophysitis: two case reports in young women
Authors: Sosa Gabriela Alejandra , Bell Soledad , Christiansen Silvia Beatriz , Pietrani Marcelo , Glerean Mariela , Loto Monica , Lovazzano Soledad , Carrizo Antonio , Ajler Pablo , Fainstein Day Patricia
Published: September 2014

IgG4-related hypophysitis is a recently described entity belonging to the group of IgG4-related diseases. Many other organs can also be affected, and it is more common in older men. To date, 32 cases of IgG4-related hypophysitis have been reported in the literature, 11 of which included confirmatory tissue biopsy and the majority affecting multiple organs. The aim of this report is to present two cases of biopsy-proven IgG4-related hypophysitis occurring in two young female patients with no evidence of involvement of other organs at the time of diagnosis.

Learning points

IgG4-related hypophysitis belongs to the group of IgG4-related diseases, and is a fibro-inflammatory condition characterized by dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates rich in IgG4-positive plasma cells and storiform fibrosis.

It is more common in older men, but young women may also present this type of hypophysitis.

Although involvement of other organs is frequent, isolated pituitary disease is possible.

Frequent clinical manifestations include anterior hypopituitarism and/or diabetes insipidus.

The diagnosis may be confirmed with any of the following criteria: a pituitary biopsy with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, with more than ten IgG4-positive cells; a sellar mass and/or thickened pituitary stalk and a biopsy-proven involvement of another organ; a sellar mass and/or thickened pituitary stalk and IgG4 serum levels >140 mg/dl and sellar mass reduction and symptom improvement after corticosteroid treatment.

Glucocorticoids are recommended as first-line therapy.
The dilemma of the gender assignment in a Portuguese adolescent with disorder of sex development due to 17β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 3 enzyme deficiency
Authors: Costa Carla , Castro-Correia Cíntia , Mira-Coelho Alda , Monteiro Bessa , Monteiro Joaquim , Hughes Ieuan , Fontoura Manuel
Published: September 2014

The development of male internal and external genitalia in an XY fetus requires a complex interplay of many critical genes, enzymes, and cofactors. The enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase type 3 (17βHSD3) is present almost exclusively in the testicles and converts Delta 4-androstenodione (Δ4) to testosterone. A deficiency in this enzyme is rare and is a frequently misdiagnosed autosomal recessive cause of 46,XY, disorder of sex development. The case report is of a 15-year-old adolescent, who was raised according to female gender. At puberty, the adolescent had a severe virilization and primary amenorrhea. The physical examination showed a male phenotype with micropenis and blind vagina. The Tanner stage was A3B1P4, nonpalpable gonads. The karyotype revealed 46,XY. The endocrinology study revealed: testosterone=2.38 ng/ml, Δ4>10.00 ng/ml, and low testosterone/Δ4 ratio=0.23. Magnetic resonance imaging of the abdominal–pelvic showed the presence of testicles in inguinal canal, seminal vesicle, prostate, micropenis, and absence of uterus and vagina. The genetic study confirmed the mutation p.Glu215Asp on HSD17B3 gene in homozygosity. The dilemma of sex reassignment was seriously considered when the diagnosis was made. During all procedures the patient was accompanied by a child psychiatrist/psychologist. The teenager desired to continue being a female, so gonadectomy was performed. Estrogen therapy and surgical procedure to change external genitalia was carried out. In this case, there was a severe virilization at puberty. It is speculated to be due to a partial activity of 17βHSD3 in the testicles and/or extratesticular ability to convert Δ4 to testosterone by 17βHSD5. Prenatal exposure of the brain to androgens has increasingly been put forward as a critical factor in gender identity development, but in this case the social factor was more important for the gender assignment.

Learning points

In this case, we highlight the late diagnosis, probably because the patient belongs to a poor family without proper primary medical care.

We emphasize the psychological and social aspects in the sex assignment decision.
Minimizing Flooring Strip Weight: A Shape Optimization Approach
Authors: Deteix Jean , Djoumna George , Blanchet Pierre , Fortin André , Cloutier Alain
Published: September 2014

In North America, flooring strips are manufactured with grooves at the back. There are various reasons for these grooves but, historically, they were considered a strategy to reduce weight and transportation costs as well as improving dimensional stability. As no data are available to assess best practices in terms of performance, we have investigated methods to reduce flooring strip weight. One way to achieve this is to adjust the number and shape of grooves. Using warp as a comparison tool, we were able to analyze the merits of a finite number of designs. With this approach, however, we could not guarantee that the result was the most favourable. The search for a solution led to design optimization, i.e.: minimizing weight by acting upon a part of the strip’s shape, taking into account its warp resistance or stiffness. This paper describes an optimization strategy adapted to the calculation of the optimal design subjected to arbitrary mechanical and geometrical conditions (including the thickness of the wear layer). This approach is not limited to flooring strips, and it can be used in any situation where a linear hygromechanical model is relevant. This strategy involves two steps: global optimization with respect to admissible variations of the shape (or design) followed by a post-processing phase that takes into account various other mechanical and possibly geometrical conditions imposed on the strip.
Infliximab/Plasmapheresis in Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome Secondary to Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
Authors: White Jason C. , Appleman Stephanie
Published: September 2014

Vanishing bile duct syndrome (VBDS) is a rare disorder characterized by loss of interlobular bile ducts and progressive worsening cholestasis. The acute presentation of this disease is typically associated with a drug hypersensitivity and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The mainstay of treatment has been ursodeoxycholic acid with mixed results from immunosuppressive regimens. Anti–tumor necrosis factor-α and plasmapheresis have been speculated to be of potential benefit. It is hoped that early identification and intervention in VBDS secondary to Stevens-Johnson syndrome/TEN with continued reporting will lead to better regimens and outcomes. Our case report details the first reported use of infliximab and plasmapheresis, in addition to steroids, in a patient with VBDS secondary to TEN, as well as a literature review that supports a mechanism for why these modalities could be effective treatments. Unfortunately, our patient died, and the use of these therapies had an unclear benefit on his liver and skin disease. We hope that additional work can be published to confirm or refute their utility in the treatment of these diseases.
Favorable Outcome After Physiologic Dose of Sodium-d,l-3-Hydroxybutyrate in Severe MADD
Authors: Van Rijt Willemijn J. , Heiner-Fokkema M. Rebecca , du Marchie Sarvaas Gideon J. , Waterham Hans R. , Blokpoel Robert G.T. , van Spronsen Francjan J. , Derks Terry G.J.
Published: September 2014

Multiple acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a severe inborn error of metabolism. Experiences with sodium-d,l-3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) treatment are limited although positive; however, the general view on outcome of severely affected patients with MADD is relatively pessimistic. Here we present an infant with MADD in whom the previously reported dose of 3-HB did not prevent the acute, severe, metabolic decompensation or progressive cardiomyopathy in the subsequent months. Only after a physiologic dose of 2600 mg/kg of 3-HB per day were ketone bodies detected in blood associated with improvement of the clinical course, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide and echocardiographic parameters. Long-term studies are warranted on 3-HB treatment in patients with MADD.
Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2014–2015
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES, Byington Carrie L. , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Jackson Mary Anne , Maldonado Yvonne A. , Murray Dennis L. , Rathore Mobeen H. , Sawyer Mark H. , Schutze Gordon E. , Willoughby Rodney E. , Zaoutis Theoklis E.
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this statement is to update recommendations for routine use of seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends annual seasonal influenza immunization for all people 6 months and older, including all children and adolescents. Highlights for the upcoming 2014–2015 season include the following:

The influenza vaccine composition for the 2014–2015 season is unchanged from the 2013–2014 season. Both trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines are available in the United States for the 2014–2015 season. Annual universal influenza immunization is indicated with either a trivalent or quadrivalent vaccine (no preference). Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) should be considered for healthy children 2 through 8 years of age who have no contraindications or precautions to the intranasal vaccine. If LAIV is not readily available, inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) should be used; vaccination should not be delayed to obtain LAIV. The dosing algorithm for administration of influenza vaccine to children 6 months through 8 years of age reflects that virus strains in the vaccine have not changed from last season.

As always, pediatricians, nurses, and all other health care personnel should be immunized themselves and should promote influenza vaccine use and infection control measures. In addition, pediatricians should promptly identify clinical influenza infections to enable rapid antiviral treatment, when indicated, to reduce morbidity and mortality.
Quantum Confinement Effects in Calcium Sulfide: The Role of Indirect Transitions in the Red Shift of the Band Edge in Semiconductor Nanoparticles
Authors: Rivera-Vázquez Daniel , Santiago-Rodríguez Yohaselly , González Miguel A. , Castro-Rosario Miguel E.
Published: September 2014

Calcium sulfide (CaS) nanoparticles are cadmium free fluorescent nanostructures with potential applications in nanomedicine and photovoltaic cells. We report on the synthesis and optical properties of CaS nanoparticles prepared by the reaction of Ca(CH3CO2)2and DMSO in a microwave. The absorption spectra of CaS prepared from this method consists of a well-defined peak in the UV and a long wavelength tail that extends above 700 nm. Emission bands centered at around 500 nm with a long wavelength tail that extends above 600 nm are observed upon excitation at 405 nm. STM measurements reveal the formation of CaS nanoparticles with an average diameter of (3.2 ± 0.7) nm. The direct and indirect band gaps are estimated to be (0.403 ± 0.003) eV and (4.135 ± 0.006) eV, respectively. Theoretical calculations on small CaS clusters are used to establish the physical properties of calcium sulfide nanoclusters, including the optical absorption spectra. Unique to CaS nanostructures is the absorption of light at wavelengths longer that in the bulk material instead of the blue shift associated with quantum confinement effects in semiconductors. Indeed, the strong absorption bands in the visible region of the spectra of the CaS nanostructures do not have a counterpart in the gas or solid phases. The optical absorption spectra are proposed to have a significant contribution from indirect transitions which are discussed in terms of the dispersion of the phonon frequency.
Effects of Doping on the Growth of ZnO Nanostructures
Authors: Yan Yanfa , Liu P. , Romero M.J. , Al-Jassim M.M.
Published: September 2014

We report on the effects of doping on the growth of ZnO nanostructures. We find that the incorporation of dopants, such as Si, Li, and Na, usually lead to reduced quality of ZnO nanostructures. Although doping with Li and Na results in the formation of facets on ZnO nanostructures, doping of Si often reduces dramatically the quantity of ZnO nanostructures. The formation of facets on ZnO nanostructures is found to significantly affects the cathodoluminescence emissions of the nanostructures.
Wybór Biskupa Rzymskiego w perspektywie jedności Kościoła
Authors: Majer Piotr
Published: September 2014

This article includes a deepened presentation and a commentary on some elements of the procedure of the election of the Pope, which underline the unity of the believers’ community. It is a unity in the sense of a participation of the whole Church in the election process, and secondly in that a special strengthening of the Pope to fulfill the ministry of unity of the Christ’s Church is accomplished by his election. The elements in question are as follows: entrusting of the election of the Bishop of the Church of Rome to the Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, a majority of votes necessary for a valid election of the bishop of Rome, and a spiritual dimension of a conclave, as well as a calling directed to all the Faithful to participate in this special act.
Czy można rozdzielić prymat nauczania od prymatu jurysdykcji? Perspektywa ekumeniczna
Authors: Kroczek Piotr
Published: September 2014

The problem of papal primacy is one the most fragile issues between Catholics and Protestants. The author of the article discusses the possibility of a separation of the primacy of jurisdiction from the primacy of teaching. The method of reasoning follows the one of St. Thomas: first the arguments pro are given, and later the arguments contra. The arguments are from Catholic theology, Lutheran theology and philosophy. The answer is given from Ecumenical Perspective.
Uniwersytet Papieski Jana Pawła II w Krakowie w ustawodawstwie państwa polskiego
Authors: Dyduch Jan
Published: September 2014

On April 19th, 2009 Pope Benedict XVI erected the Pontifical University. The next vital step was to introduce the university, that is, both the fact of its existence and its activity, into Polish law.The required procedure was held in both chambers of the Polish Parliament in cooperation with the Polish Government. The special financial law was enacted by the Sejm (380 members of the chamber were in favor, 412 were voting), and by the Senat (86 members of the chamber were in favor, 87 were voting).The law in question recognized the decision of the Pope and introduced the name of the academic institution, which is the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Cracow, into Polish law system and granted the university funds from the public finance according to the same rules, which apply to the public universities in Poland.
Wykonywanie władzy delegowanej kilku lub wielu osobom (kan. 140–141 KPK)
Authors: Dzierżon Ginter
Published: September 2014

In the presented article the author made detailed interpretation of can. 140–141 CIC which concerning power delegated to one or many persons. He pointed out that the rules included in these canons are supposed to guarantee „collision - free” realization of the one’s duties.The author proved that the dispositions concerning power delegated in solidum and consecutively are not of a nature of an annulling act (can. 140 § 1, 141 CIC). He believes that what the legislator tried to avoid by using such legislative techniques was invalidity of actions taken by other delegated persons.On the other hand, the directives included in can. 140 § 2 CIC concerning collegial delegation are of a nature of an annulling act. This, however, results not from the content of the canon but rather from the nature of things since a collegiate act is substantially not a sum acts of particular people but a new act.
Rozum i wiara a małżeństwo. Znaczenie ścisłej tożsamości pomiędzy węzłem małżeńskim a jego wymiarem sakramentalnym w małżeństwie ochrzczonych (kan. 1055 § 2)
Authors: Wójcik Andrzej
Published: September 2014

The article discusses the meaning of the canonical and theological principle of the identity between marriage bond and sacrament in the case of two baptized persons. First the author presents a historical and contemporary tendency to draw an artificial border line between human nature along with its requirements and positive law, for which the requirements should be one of the sources. Next he shows in what way the dissociative tendency helps separate the domain of reason from the domain of faith, which converge at the point where nature demands obedience from reason. Then the author demonstrates the impact of the dissociation on the understanding of the relation between a natural and a sacramental aspect of marriage. In this context the author discusses the specific nature of the sacrament of matrimony as compared with six other sacraments and the character of the matrimonial consent in the perspective of its object, that is sacramental marriage. Specifically, he focuses on the idea of indirectness in the “cause-effect” relation between the matrimonial consent and sacramental dimension of marriage. In the concluding part of the article the author enters into polemics with the criticism aimed at such an understanding of indirectness – called an “anti-personalist sacramental automatism” – which apparently belittles the significance of the influence of faith on the efficacy of the matrimonial consent. The polemics incorporates the theses formulated by John Paul II in his theology of the body and strives at showing a close relationship between a “sacramental” dimension of the natural marriage and the sacramental dimension of Christian marriage. This, in turn, serves the author to show the relationship between reason and faith and to formulate a brief pastoral conclusion.
Zderzenie katolickiej i muzułmańskiej wizji małżeństwa – podstawowe trudności
Authors: Mucha Marta
Published: September 2014

The article juxtaposes and contrasts the essence of marriage as understood by the Catholic Church and the Muslim concept of a relationship between a woman and a man. Its objective is to demonstrate whether it is possible to enter matrimony which would be fully compatible with canon law and Muslim law and to present the difficulties that tend to arise in such marriages. It argues that a Muslim may relate most of the attributes and objectives taught by the Catholic Church to the marriage bond, with the exception of honoring baptism and Catholic upbringing of his children. Muslim law stipulates that a Muslim’s children must be brought up in the faith of their father and urges the father to prevent the Christian mother from exercising any religious influence over their children. Although the Christian mother may obtain dispensation from the impediment of different faiths by, among other things, doing her best to baptize her children and to bring them up in her faith, in practice this is impossible because of the father’s legal obligation.
Structure of man in the biblical act of Creation
Authors: Tatar Marek
Published: September 2014

The question about man, his origin, structure, place, and role in the world, relation to others and his ultimate goal, belongs to fundamental categories. In his pursuits, man constantly tries to find the right answer to this important question. The basis of this analysis forms the structure of man resulting from the act of creation as described in the Bible. In the Old Testament we have two texts about the proctology of man: Yahwistic (Gen 2, 4b –24) and Elohistic (Gen 1, 26–28). Both Angelo Scola and Luis F. Ladaria see the ultimate structural view of humankind in the person of Jesus Christ. That is why the Old Testament texts concerning creation are fully implemented in the mystery of Incarnation and Redemption. The name “a human” itself there is a claim about the greatness of his nature (cataphasis). Observation and experience indicate also his limitations (apophasis). Therefore, it can be stated that in the human nature there must be integrity (henozis) in this respect constituting the basis of his whole humanity. Biblical texts indicate that man is aware of his dependence on God, simultaneously however, he makes an attempt of self – determination which is a kind of self–creation. The relationship with God has its source in the external experience (man listens to God, expresses his needs and hides from Him) and, at the same time, goes beyond human rationality and volition. It is an invitation to the trinitarian communion of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. The community of the Holy Trinity is at the same time the community of man. The creatio of man as male and female highlights one more important structural and subjective element, that is, a relationship with others which constitutes the foundation for a community of people. Jesus Christ is the way towards this union, as its cause, model and aim. In the mystery of His Person we discover the “image and likeness”, because He is the personification of full and perfect humanity. Therefore, the whole Christian spirituality must be Christocentric and at the same time Christoformic. The attempts to define man in his essence play a crucial role in the present world affected by subjectivity, individualism, hedonism and horisontalism.
The contribution of prof. Tadeusz Lewicki (1906–1992) to Islamic and West African studies
Authors: Kościelniak Krzysztof
Published: September 2014

Prof. Tadeusz Lewicki (the member Académie des Sciences d’Outre-Mer, Association Internationale d’Études des Civilisations Méditerranéennes, Royal Asiatic Society) was not only one of the most famous scholars of Oriental studies in Poland 20th century but also one of the top experts on the history of the Ibadites. For example, he has gathered exhaustively all the references to Ibadites and placed with a certain amount of commentary of his own (Études ibadites nord-africaines, part 1. Warsaw 1955). He has studied and published Arabic sources (mostly Ibāḍī) on the history of the Ibadites and of the Slavic peoples and cataloged eighth- and ninth-century Arab coins found on Polish territory (Arabic External Sources for the History of Africa to the South of Sahara, Wrocław 1969; Polska i kraje sąsiednie w świetle “Księgi Rogera” geografa arabskiego z XII w. al-Idrīsī’ego, parts 1–2. Warsaw, 1945–54; Źródła arabskie do dziejów słowiańszczyzny, vols. 1–2. Wrocław 1956–69). Professor Tadeusz Lewicki attempts to reconstruct also the economic base of West African society between the 10th and 16th centuries (West African Food in the Middle Ages: According to Arabic Sources, London 1974). His basic sources are 15 Arab authors, all of whom noted the diet of the countries they described.The purpose of this paper is to provide a review and critical analysis of Lewicki’s researches and answer which of his interpretations and philological speculations still have found acceptance. This paper also respect to how Lewicki supports, extends, and qualifies the previous literature on West African, Islamic and Ibadites study, and how gives directions for future research.
Rola ojca w kontekście hospicyjnego wsparcia terminalnie chorego dziecka i jego rodziny
Authors: Godawa Grzegorz
Published: September 2014

A child’s terminal illness makes it very difficult for the father to fulfil family functions. Hospice support provided by a multidisciplinary team aims at overcoming these difficulties. The mission of a hospice is to care for both the ill child and its family. The support offered to the father of the ill child is specific and adequate to the father’s social role. It embraces the basic spheres of the father’s activity in the family and is oriented to his needs.
Wymiary postawy posłuszeństwa w wybranych kazaniach Fabiana Birkowskiego OP (1566–1636)
Authors: Godawa Marcin
Published: September 2014

Birkowski’s sermons show a deep vision of obedience which constitutes a program of spiritual life with its particular dimensions. Obedience as a man’s response to God’s plan is a way of getting all goods prepared by God and God alone, i.e. an ultimate accomplishment of a human heart. This posture means a crucial point of restoration of harmony of creatures made in relation to Jesus through Him the universe is subordinated to the Father. Christ’s submission embraces fulfilment of the Father’s will which expresses itself in service to people and in undergoing an evil in order to redeem the world. Inside this perspective every follower of Christ has to involve his whole spiritual life in obedience so that the corporal offering is supplemented by an act of free will and reason to turn from subjectivism towards real happiness. A very specific dimension of obedience concerns mystical life in which human ordinary way of cooperation with grace is to be replaced by mystical passivity. Thanks to it man is being nourished with new food of contemplation in a rhythm of progressive gratification.The Birkowski’s apprehension reflects good points of early modern Catholic theology that is an optimistic vision of man and his liaison with grace. This program enables him to shape his spiritual experience in every respect by supplying rules of life and divine power. The complete system formulated by Birkowski can be regarded as an outstanding achievement against the background of Polish early modern spirituality along with Akademia pobożności (Krakow 1628) by the other Dominican Mikołaj Mościcki. Their mystical threads are also an interesting issue at the beginning of the XVII c., which turned out a flourishing period called later A Golden Age of Polish Spirituality.
Za Boskim Oblubieńcem. Teologiczno-liturgiczny sens dziewictwa konsekrowanego
Authors: Królikowski Janusz
Published: September 2014

The article deals with the subject of searching the nature of the consecrated virginity in the Church. This analysis is based on the theological and liturgical aspects defined by Ordo Consecrationis Virginum and Ordo Professionis Religiosae. Therefore we take the assumption that the most appropriate criterion of its interpretation in the Christian reality can be found in the principle: lex orandi – lex credendi. From this perspective the consecrated virginity is perceived as positive reality as far as faith celebration is concerned. The liturgy describes virginity as a gift offered to man by God’s people. Faith is also a prize and through the liturgy it is able reach its highest point. Virginity glorified in the Christian reality becomes a present as well as it is not only connected with but also filled with faith. Virginity consecrated under liturgical circumstances gains both ontological and dynamic features typical of worship. This sequentially allows to understand that virginity is not simply the result of ascetic effort, nor it is the physical adornment of a believer. In fact it spreads on the whole person who is being revived by sacraments. It makes them improve by personal commitment marking their route through the history of salvation.
Krakowscy pobożni laicy czy begardzcy heretycy? Z badań nad czternastowiecznym Tractatus contra beghardos Henryka Harrera
Authors: Gałuszka Tomasz
Published: September 2014

Tractatus contra beghardos written by a Chech Dominican Henryk Harrer is a masterpiece of exceptional value for both historians of the medieval heterodox movements as well as for scholars interested in the history of theology and law in the 14th century. The treaty was commissioned by Cracow Dominicans in the years 1328 to 1334. Commissioning the treaty to Henryk Harrer, a stranger expert from the Prague monastery of St. Clemens was dictated by a series of controversies among Cracow clergy around the judgement of conduct of a certain group of people whose religious practices and a way of life stood out from the rest of the congregation. Undertaking the task of writing the treaty Henryk Harrer based his work around three charges pressed against the suspected of heresy: breaking off the Church and establishing an illegal organization (singularitas vite); corrupted attitude towards recognized religious practices (contemptibilitas sacramenti eucharistiae); numerous flaws and perverse disposition (pertinax voluntas). Not only did Harrer decide to comment on all aspects of life of central figures of Contra beghardos but he also honestly mentioned all arguments he was not able to undermine. Despite these objective difficulties, the Czech Dominican was certain that the expertise he came up with was sufficient to link the lay movement with the sect of Beghard Heretics.The author of this study proved that, contrary to Harrer’s keen intention, his Tractatus contra beghardos does not unambiguously show heresy in the Cracow diocese. What is more, the reader, instead of indictment against the conduct of a group of laymen paradoxically received a confirmation of their innocence and orthodoxy. In the light of analysis of the text Contra beghardos, the claim that Beghard Heretics from Harrer’s work turn out to be pious layman, living in communion with the Church, seems to be fully substantiated. Of course their way of life and the practice of asceticism made them stand out from the other members of the congregation but were completely in line with the Church legislation. In this context, Harrer’s work is an original testimony of numerous misunderstandings about the Beghard movement and stormy times of forming a new kind of piety among lay members of Church.
Ku reformie średniowiecznych mendykantów. Macieja Hayna (†1477) Exhortatio ad meditationem et conformationem passionis Christi
Authors: Poznański Adam
Published: September 2014

Exhortatio ad meditationem et conformationem passionis Christi written by a Dominican Matthias Hayn in 1470 describes how the friars should make an effort to improve their behaviour towards others and deepen their spiritual life during Lent.The author, who received good education while attending Dominican Studia Generalia in Cologne, Vienna and Paris, was designated by the Master General of the Order of Preachers to effect an observant reform in the Dominican Convent in Wrocław. Presumably Hayn wrote ‘Exhortatio’ as a part of his reform activities. The first part of the text is introduction, where Hayn explained the aim of his work. At the beginning he quoted the words from the first reading for Ash Wednesday: “return to me with all your heart, with fasting, with weeping, and with mourning” (Joel 2:12) and then he recommended to the brothers that these three acts of penance are the best way of reconciliation with God. According to Hayn the best example to follow in this matter is Christ, therefore during Lent the friars should ponder the Passion and seek to imitate Christ in their everyday situations, especially in those concerning life in monastery. The second part of Exhoratio (the main one) is divided into forty three short chapters called “Morselli” and each of them consists of “Passio” and “Conformatio”. The first is a passage from the Passion parphrased by Hayn, the latter presents a commentary on the preceding “Passio” including advice for the friars.This article comprises a critical edition of Exhortatio ad meditationem et conformationem passionis Christi accompanied by a Polish translation. The edition is based on two exisiting copies of the text which are contained in two manuscripts from the Wrocław University Library collection.
Pobożność szlachcianki w świetle polskich drukowanych mów pogrzebowych XVII wieku
Authors: Kicińska Urszula
Published: September 2014

17th century funeral orations, as sources of didactic character, include numerous threads referring to the piety of baroque damsels. They are full of examples describing religiousness of women of virtually all ages and marital statuses (married, single and widowed). According to the model propagated by the clergy, a zealous catholic woman was supposed to be devoted to God and persistent in her belief. She should also worship Mary the Mother of God, Jesus and saint patrons, which was reflected in her participation in religious confraternities. It was also important that she attended religious services and pilgrimages as well as respected fasting periods and received holy sacraments. On every day basis, it was suggested that a God fearing Christian should live by the rules of the Decalogue, read religious books and contemplate the moment of death and prepare to it by reading ars bene moriendi guides. Charity work and generous donations to churches, monasteries, schools and homeless shelters were also important. Preachers also emphasised the personality features of a model catholic woman. Hence it was suggested that she should be hard working, reasonable, quiet and modest. Although clergymen emphasised deep and fervent religiousness of women whom they were describing in their sermons, we are actually unable to fully confirm the accuracy of their words. Therefore, it must be assumed that, on the one hand, this religiousness and piety was supposed to constitute an ideal role model, on the other hand, however, it resulted from the fear which accompanied people almost everywhere in turbulent times of the 17th century.
Klejnot miasta zaginiony. Zarys dziejów krakowskiego kościoła Wszystkich Świętych do końca XVI wieku
Authors: Walczak Katarzyna
Published: September 2014

Jeden z najstarszych krakowskich kościołów, kościół pod wezwaniem Wszystkich Świętych wznosił się na skrzyżowaniu ulic Grodzkiej i Franciszkańskiej. Zbudowany w XIII wieku, był prawdopodobnie budowlą zastępczą dla pierwszej krakowskiej parafii, przeniesionej z kościoła św. Trójcy przekazanego dominikanom. Wiadomo, że prawa parafialne posiadał w roku 1327, wtedy też po raz pierwszy dowiadujemy się o zasięgu tej najmniejszej, a zarazem najgęściej zaludnionej krakowskiej parafii. W źródłach wezwanie kościoła pojawia się po raz pierwszy w Żywocie św. Stanisława, po raz kolejny w roku 1278 wymieniony został jako świadek proboszcz Arnold. Interesującym faktem jest, że w kolejnym źródle – spisach świętopietrza z 1325–1327 roku pojawia się już dwóch proboszczów, posiadających osobne uposażenie, oraz nazywanych proboszczami części drewnianej i murowanej. W 1490 roku kościół uzyskał tytuł kolegiaty. Wtedy to zostało zniesione podwójne proboszczowstwo zamienione na dziekanię i preopozyturę. Przy kościele funkcjonowało powołane przez bp. Zbigniewa Oleśnickiego Bractwo Ubogich oraz szkoła parafialna datowana na wiek XIV.Zachowane przekazy ikonograficzne, w większości sporządzone w okresie postępującej ruiny kościoła, oraz w czasie decyzji o jego rozbiórce ukazują budowlę dwunawową, orientowaną z płasko zakończonym prezbiterium. Do budowli przylegała wieża, zakrystia, skarbiec oraz kaplica, nazywana capella antiqua. Opis wnętrza kościoła pochodzi z wizytacji sporządzonej w 1599 roku na polecenie biskupa krakowskiego Jerzego Radziwiłła.W związku z decyzją Komitetu Upiększania Miasta kościół został rozebrany w roku 1835. Sprzęty kościelne zostały zlicytowane. Ostatnim jego śladem była wieża, która przetrwała do roku 1840, kiedy to podzieliła losy budowli.
Dzieje klasztoru Karmelitów bosych w Nowym Wiśniczu w latach 1630–2009
Authors: Gogola Zdzisław
Published: September 2014

Po zwycięskiej bitwie z Turkami pod Chocimiem w 1621 roku Stanisław Lubomirski – właściciel Wiśnicza, jako wotum wdzięczności Bogu ufundował klasztor Karmelitów bosych. Władze zakonne obawiały się lokalizacji klasztoru i kościoła w dobrach prywatnych, ze względu na ewentualny wpływ dworu na życie zakonników. W 1622 roku fundator z wielkim rozmachem przystąpił do budowy, wprowadzając rzesze robotników oraz jeńców wojennych. Budową kierował nadworny architekt Lubomirskiego, Włoch Maciej Trapola. Budowane obiekty odznaczały się nowoczesnym stylem i w dziejach architektury polskiej zajęły wyjątkową pozycję. Obiekt był ufortyfikowany, służył także obronie zamku wiśnickiego.26 maja 1630 roku odbyło się uroczyste wprowadzenie karmelitów bosych do wiśnickiego klasztoru. Budowę kościoła ukończono w 1635 roku. Jego wnętrze było wyjątkowo bogato wyposażone i w XVII wieku zaliczane do najlepiej uposażonych klasztorów karmelitów bosych.1 września 1650 roku Szwedzi zajęli zamek i klasztor, niszcząc, plądrując i grabiąc najcenniejsze rzeczy, w tym bibliotekę oraz dzieła sztuki. Klasztor wiśnicki po rozbiorach został wcielony do Austrii. Cesarz Józef II doprowadził swą polityką do kasacji klasztorów, w tym i wiśnickiego. Zagrabił majątki klasztorne, wywiózł skarbiec klasztorny, a dobra ziemskie przeznaczono na fundusz religijny. Najcenniejsze dzieła sztuki wywieziono do Wiednia (dwa wozy obrazów). Budynki klasztorne przeznaczono na więzienie, sąd kryminalny, a także mieszkania dla sędziów.Po odzyskaniu niepodległości w 1918 roku, pomimo protestów karmelitów, w klasztorze nadal istniało więzienie. We wrześniu 1939 roku Niemcy urządzili w nim obóz dla jeńców wojennych, a później obóz koncentracyjny, obrabowali kościół i rozpoczęli rozbiórkę kościelnych murów. Materiał ze świątyni wykorzystali przy budowie rezydencji Hansa Franka w Przegorzałach i w Krzeszowicach. Do chwili obecnej w klasztorze znajduje się więzienie, a ruiny klasztornego kościoła służą jako boisko dla więźniów.
Ruch abstynencki w Wielkopolsce w latach 1840–1902
Authors: Krasińska Izabela
Published: September 2014

W artykule przedstawiono powstanie i rozwój ruchu abstynenckiego w Wielkopolsce w XIX stuleciu. Cezura początkowa badań, to rok 1840, uważany przez niektórych badaczy za datę przełomową w historii zorganizowanego ruchu abstynenckiego na tych terenach. Powstało bowiem wówczas Towarzystwo ku Przytłumieniu Używania Wódki w Wielkim Księstwie Poznańskim. Zainicjował go lekarz – chirurg De La Roch (Niemiec o francuskim rodowodzie). Sprawą abstynencji zainteresowali się również wielkopolscy duchowni katoliccy na czele z kościelnymi hierarchami: arcybiskupem gnieźnieńskim i poznańskim Leonem Przyłuskim, Mieczysławem Halka Ledóchowskim, Florianem Oksza Stablewskim oraz biskupem Janem Kantym Dąbrowskim.Zafascynowała ich m.in. działalność ks. Jana Nepomucena Ficka – proboszcza z Piekar Śląskich i kilku innych kapłanów, z inicjatywy których już w pierwszym półroczu 1844 roku powstało na Górnym Śląsku wiele kościelnych bractw wstrzemięźliwości. Za sprawą bp. Dąbrowskiego w latach 1844–1845 ok. 100 tys. osób złożyło śluby trzeźwości, wstępując do bractw wstrzemięźliwości. W 1852 roku na tereny Wielkopolski przybyli z Galicji jezuiccy misjonarze: ks. Karol Bołoz Antoniewicz, ks. Teofil Baczyński i ks. Kamil Praszałowicz, by m.in. za pomocą stosownych kazań odwodzić od pijaństwa.Wielkopolscy duchowni aktywnie działali również w świeckich towarzystwach abstynenckich. Włączyli się w prace zorganizowanego w Kórniku w 1887 roku przez Zygmunta Celichowskiego Towarzystwa Szerzenia Wstrzemięźliwości, a zwłaszcza istniejącego od 1890 roku w Poznaniu Towarzystwa Wstrzemięźliwości „Jutrzenka”. Inicjatorem i pierwszym prezesem „Jutrzenki” był Józef Chociszewski, a po jego rezygnacji ks. Józef Kłos.
Wójta Józefa Putka droga do interdyktu. Konflikt między władzami gminnymi a proboszczem w Choczni w świetle dokumentów kościelnych
Authors: Witkowski Marcin
Published: September 2014

Dr Józef Putek, radykał chłopski, wybitny działacz ludowy i poseł na Sejm, zaczynał swoją karierę polityczną w rodzinnej wsi Choczni, a w 1919 roku został wybrany na jej wójta. Jego bezkompromisowy antyklerykalizm szybko doprowadził do konfliktu z ks. Józefem Dunajeckim, długoletnim proboszczem parafii w Choczni. Spór między władzami gminnymi a choczeńskim probostwem szybko zaczął dzielić wieś na zwolenników dr. Putka, w znakomitej większości działaczy ruchu ludowego, i ks. Dunajeckiego. Wójt zarzucał proboszczowi niegospodarność, samowolę w dysponowaniu majątkiem kościelnym i brak dbałości o plebańskie budynki. Opierając się na własnej interpretacji ustaw o konkurencji kościelnej, dr Putek samodzielnie przystąpił do renowacji kościoła i wyprzedaży części jego majątku, co budziło sprzeciw parafian.Nowy etap konfliktu zaczął się w 1926 roku, gdy naczelnik gminy stanął na czele Komitetu parafialnego. Punktem krytycznym w sporze między władzami gminnymi i Komitetem a proboszczem Dunajeckim była sprawa fundacji dzwonów, zakupionych po części ze składek parafian w Choczni, a po części z funduszy zebranych przez chocznian z Detroit i Chicago. Dr Putek sprzeciwił się zawieszeniu dzwonów na wieży kościelnej, powołując się na zagrożony interes Komitetu parafialnego i samowolę księdza proboszcza. Wtargnięcie do kościoła przedstawicieli władz gminnych, z wójtem na czele i opieczętowanie dzwonu było bezpośrednim powodem rzucenia na dr. Putka kary interdyktu osobistego przez abp. Adama S. Sapiehę. Pośrednimi zaś powodami była antyklerykalna działalność wójta, tak polityczna, jak i publicystyczna, m.in. na łamach wydawanej w Choczni gazety „Sztandar Chłopski”.W 1929 roku dr Putek został odwołany z funkcji naczelnika gminy, a niedługo później uwięziony przez władze sanacyjne w Brześciu. W kwietniu 1939 roku Metropolita krakowski zniósł ciążącą na nim karę interdyktu.