bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kepemimpinan Transformasional: Meningkatkan Daya Saing Perguruan Tinggi di Era Industri 4.0
Authors: Muhammad Alwi
Published: September 2022

Perguruan tinggi sebagai satuan pendidikan sekaligus sebagai organisasi pendidikan harus bergerak maju dalam rangka membangun kualitas pendidikan secara nasional maupun dalam tingkat internasional di era 4.0. Era digital saat ini membutuhkan kepemimpinan yang mampu menghadapi tantangan tersebut dengan membantu para dosen, staff ataupun mahasiswa untuk mampu mengembangakan seluruh potensi yang dimiliki melalui motivasi, inspirasi, kerjasama, seluruh sumber daya manusia dalam mencapai tujuan. Kepemimpinan menjadi salah satu faktor penting dalam keberhasilan gerak organisasi, kepemimpinan yang efektif akan mampu membawa organisasi pada tujuannya secara kolektif, olehnya itu kepemimpinan harus mampu mengantisipasi dan mengikuti perubahan–perubahan yang terjadi dalam organisasi maupun lingkungan orgniasasi dalam rangka membangun sistem, budaya, struktur maupun mekanisme kerja baru yang lebih produktif. Salah satu pendekatan gaya kepemimpinan yang dapat diterapkan di perguruan tinggi adalah gaya kepemimpinan transformasional. Kepemimpinan transformasional terdiri dari empat tindakan, yaitu ; pengaruh ideal, yakni tindakan yang meningkatkan emosi dan identitas pengikut dengan pemimpin, selanjutynya individual consideration untuk mendukung, mendorong, dan memberikan bimbingan kepada pengikut. Intellectual stimulation yakni mendorong bawahan untuk melihat masalah dengan perspektif baru, inspirational motivation artinya karakter seorang pemimpin yang dapat menerapkan standar yang tinggi sekaligus dapat mendorong bawahan untuk mencapai standar tersebut. Karakter tersebutlah yang kemudian terinternalisasi dalm perguruan tinggi sebagi perilaku organisasi untuk meningkatkan daya saing perguruan tinggi.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Konsep Sistem Ekskresi Di SMA Berbentuk E-Booklet Berbasis Android
Authors: Try Dayanti  , Noorhidayati Noorhidayati , Amalia Rezeki
Published: September 2022

Era digital 2022, berbagai informasi mudah ditemukan melalui internet yang bisa diakses melalui gadget. Informasi dan ilmu pengetahuan dapat dimanfaatkan siswa/i untuk memudahkan dalam pembelajaran secara efektif dan efisien. Guru sebagai pengajar dan penyedia sumber belajar dapat mengakses berbagai jenis sumber belajar. Salah satu bahan ajar yang dapat menjadi pilihan yaitu E-Booklet. E-Booklet menjadi pilihan pada penelitian ini karena berdasarkan hasil angket kebutuhan guru dan siswa lebih menginginkan bahan ajar yang lebih inovatif lagi sehingga tidak berfokus pada tulisan saja, dan lebih praktis dalam pengerjaanya. Tujuan pada penelitian ini mendeskripsikan kesesuaian, kelayakan, keterbacaan, dan respon siswa/i terhadap hasil pengembangan E-Booklet sistem ekskresi. Pembelajaran sistem ekskresi di SMA memerlukan bahan ajar sesuai dengan kebuutuhan dan perkembangan kehidupan manusia. Penelitian ini yakni penelitian dan pengembangan model 4D yaitu, 1) Define, 2) Design, 3) Develop, dan 4) Disseminate, dengan tahap pelaksanaan sampai disseminate secara terbatas. Subjek penelitian yaitu 3 ahli dan 9 siswa/i kelas XII MIA SMAN 1 Alalak. Instrumen penelitian berupa angket (kesesuaian, kelayakan, keterbacaan, dan respon siswa/i). Hasil pengujian E-Booklet Sistem Ekskresi mengarahkan hasil kesesuaian (4,69), kelayakan (4,71), keterbacaan (4,60), dan respon siswa/i (4,61). Pengembangan bahan pembelajaran konsep Sistem Ekskresi berbentuk E-Booklet berbasis android sebaiknya bisa diakses dari berbagai platform IT.
Pemanfaatan Internet Sebagai Sarana Pembelajaran Di SMK Kota Malang
Authors: Poeryanto Poeryanto
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap pemanfaatan internet sebagai     sarana pembelajaran di SMK Kota Malang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif, yang dilakukan di Kota Malang dengan populasi SMK  yang memanfaatkan internet sebagai sarana pembelajaran. Terdapat sepuluh SMK, dengan jumlah sampel 144 siswa yang diambil secara random. Alat pengumpul data dengan angket. Hasil penelitian berhasil mengungkap sebagian kecil (45,21%) siswa kadang-kadang memanfaatkan internet sebagai sarana pembelajaran; sekolah, masyarakat, guru, dan siswa sebagian besar (63,57%) memberikan dukungan terhadap pemanfaatan internet; sistem pembelajaran di SMK sedikit sekali (9,70%) sekolah yang menggunakan sepenuhnya dengan internet (Web Course), sebagian besar (51,40%) sekolah menggunakan sebagian tatap muka, sebagian lagi dengan internet (Web Centric Course), dan  sebagian kecil (38,90%) sekolah menggunakan internet sebagai tambahan saja (Web Enhanced Course);  kelebihan internet sebagai  sarana pembelajaran adalah guru mudah mengontrol aktivitas belajar, siswa terbantu dalam mengerjakan tugas,  meningkatkan motivasi belajar,  serta pembelajaran menjadi lebih efektif; dan tidak ada kendala dalam pemanfaatan internet sebagai sarana pembelajaran, antara lain penguasaan bahasa Inggris, mencari laboratorium internet, interaksi dengan guru, dan menemukan infrastruktur yang memadai
Studi Etnofarmakognosi Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional Untuk Mengobati Penyakit Pada Ternak Oleh Masyarkat Desa Naekasa Kecamatan Tasifeto Barat Kabupaten Belu Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Authors: Manek Catharina De Ricci Ivony , Seran Lukas , Buku Maria Novita Inya
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  jenis tumbuhan, bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan,  cara pengolahan,  jenis penyakit yang diobati,  jenis tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan,  jenis tumbuhan yang dibudidayakan, dan alasan masyarakat membudidaya tumbuhan yang digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit pada ternak oleh masyarakat di Desa Naekasa Kecamatan Tasifeto Barat Kabupaten Belu.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif yaitu observasi langsung. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap narasumber. Tumbuhan yang berhasil ditemukan  dikumpulkan, didokumentasi dan diidentifikasi.  Hasil penelitian ditemukan  10 jenis tumbuhan yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengobati penyakit pada ternak oleh masyarakat Di Desa Naekasa yaitu Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni), ekor naga (Rhaphidophora pinnata), sereh (Cymbopogon nardus), Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana), kesambi (Schleichera oleosa), cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens), kunyit (Curcuma longa), pohon daun kupu-kupu (Bauhinia purpurea), gewang (Corypha utan), mangga (Mangifera indica).  Bagian organ tumbuhan yang digunakan adalah daun (Folium), Biji (Semen), Batang (Lignum), dan Kulit (Cortex), Rimpang (rhizome). Bagian tumbuhan tersebut diolah dengan cara ditumbuk atau dihaluskan, direndam, dan diberikan langsung pada ternak. Terdapat 8 jenis penyakit yang diobati yaitu nafsu makan menurun pada babi, keracunan pada anjing, cacing pada mata sapi, penyakit snot pada ayam, diare pada kambing dan babi, demam pada babi, feses kapur pada ayam,  kudis pada babi, dan luka potong pada ternak sapi, babi, dan ayam. Tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan adalah pohon daun kupu-kupu. Jenis tumbuhan yang dibudidaya adalah sereh, lombok, mangga, mahoni,  dan kelapa.  Alasan masyarakat membudidayakan tumbuhan obat yaitu karena selain digunakan sebagai obat untuk mengobati penyakit pada ternak, tumbuhan tersebut juga biasa dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat sehingga dibudidaya agar mudah diambil saat diperlukan tanpa mengeluarkan biaya untuk membeli.
Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Escherichia coli Pada Bahan Pangan Berbasis Daging Di Kota Kupang
Authors: Bria Dedi Irianto , Missa Hildegardis , Sombo Imelda Tidora
Published: September 2022

Bakteri Escherichia coli merupakan salah satu bakteri yang rentan mencemari salome dan dapat menyebabkan diare atau foodborne dieases karena kehigienisan makanan yang kurang.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan bakteri Escherichia coli pada produk olahan daging di Kota Kupang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Isolasi bakteri menggunakan media EMBA, perhitungan populasi dilakukan dengan metode hitung cawan. Karakterisasi makroskopis dilakukan dengan mengamati bentuk morfologi koloni berbeda pada cawan sehingga didapatkan isolat bakteri  Escherichia coli. Karakteristik mikroskopisnya dilakukan dengan metode pewarnaan gram dan diamati menggunakan  mikroskop cahanya. Hasil penelitian diperoleh populasi bakteri Escherichia coli dari pengenceran 10-3 di Taman Nostalgia yaitu 8,4 x 104 CFU / ml, SMPN 1 Kupang yaitu 8,4 x 104 CFU / ml, SDK St. Yoseph 1 Kupang yaitu 5 x 104 CFU / ml dan SMAN 1 Kupang 1,11 x 105 CFU / ml. Karakterisasi makroskopis pada empat lokasi memiliki bentuk, elevansi, dan tepian yang sama. Karakteristik mikroskopis dilakukan melalui metode pewarnaan gram dengan hasil semua isolat bakteri merupakan bakteri gram negatif yang memiliki bentuk sel coccus, dan susunan sel tunggal
Hyperelastic modelling of rubber with multi-walled carbon nanotubes subjected to tensile loading
Authors: Jweeg M.J. , Alazawi D.A. , Jebur Q.H. , Al-Waily M. , Yasin N.J.
Published: September 2022

This study thoroughly examined the application of inverse FE modelling and indentation tensile tests to identify nanotubes' rubber material properties.

Carbon nanotubes with various percentages of multi-walled carbon nanotubes exposed to high tensile stress were used to enhance the mechanical qualities of natural rubber (NR).

In this work, carbon nanotubes have been added to natural rubber. By using a solvent casting technique, toluene was used to make nanocomposites. 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1%. In this article, rubber and multi-walled carbon nanotubes interact in practical ways. Mechanical features of carbon nanotubes in NR have been researched. The results will lead to rubber products with improved mechanical qualities compared to present nanocomposite rubber containing various percentages of multi-walled carbon nanotubes exposed to large tensile test loading. The relative fitness error for significant stresses is reasonable with a second or third-order deformation model in numerical results.

Non-linear finite element analysis is widely used to optimise complicated elastomeric components' design and reliability studies. However, accurate numerical results cannot be achieved without using rubber or rubber nanocomposite materials with reliable strain energy functions.

The indentation tensile tests of rubber samples have been simulated and confirmed using a parametric FE model. An inverse materials parameter identification algorithm was used to calculate the hyperelastic material properties of rubber samples evaluated in uniaxial tensile. Using ABAQUS FE software, material parameters and force-displacement data may be automatically updated and extracted.

The numerical data for the inverse method of material property prediction has been successfully established by developing simulation spaces for various material characteristics. The force-displacement curve can be represented using technical methods. The results demonstrate that the inverse FE modelling process might be simplified by using these curve fitting parameters and plot equations to build a mathematical link between curve coefficients and material properties. The first, second, and third-order deformation models were tested using FE simulations for the tensile test.
IMPACT OF BOARD AND AUDIT COMMITTEE CHARACTERISTICS ON ACCRUALS AND REAL EARNINGS MANAGEMENT IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Faiza Saleem  , Muhammad Yar Khan  , Majid Jamal Khan
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Despite a large number of regulations and standards governing the financial reporting process, earnings management is increasing at an alarming rate in organizations today. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of board and audit committee characteristics on accruals and real earnings management practices in Pakistan.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Earnings management as dependent variable is measured by using two model: Kothari et al., (2005) and Roy chowdhury (2006). Whereas, board size, board independence, CEO duality, audit committee size, audit committee independence and audit committee activity are the independent variables. This study was based on data collected from 235 non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from 2008 to 2015. The relationship was investigated by means of panel data estimation.

Findings: The result revealed CEO duality is positively related with accruals earnings management. Whereas, board independence is negatively related and CEO duality, board activity and audit committee independence are positively related with real earnings management.

Implications/Originality/Value: The findings of the study are important for investors, regulators, and legislators in their attempt to constrain the incidence of earnings management and improve financial reporting quality.
Incidencia del riesgo de crédito en los niveles de liquidez de las mutualistas de ahorro y crédito del Ecuador
Authors: Rodríguez Gavilanes Daniela
Published: September 2022

Los créditos dentro de una institución financiera permiten su crecimiento económico y su expansión empresarial. Sin embargo, hay clientes que no están en condiciones de pagar dichos créditos y ponen en riesgo la estabilidad monetaria de la organización. Por ello, el presente documento está orientado a analizar el riesgo de crédito y su incidencia en los niveles de liquidez de las mutualistas de ahorro y crédito del Ecuador en el período 2013-2018. Se efectuó un diagnóstico de procesos de control y seguimiento de mora llevado a cabo por las mutualistas de ahorro y crédito. Existe un enfoque mixto, que inicia con una entrevista a los gerentes/administradores de las oficinas matriz de las entidades objeto de estudio, para recaudar información directa sobre estos procesos.  Por otro lado, se analizaron los estados financieros consolidados publicados por Superintendencia de Bancos (SB) y la Superintendencia de Economía Popular y Solidaria (SEPS), considerando el periodo de transición. Los resultados indican una relación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre las variables de estudio y una correlación negativa débil entre liquidez y morosidad de la cartera total. Se logra comprobar que el riesgo de crédito incide en los niveles de liquidez de las mutualistas de ahorro y crédito para la vivienda del Ecuador en este periodo.
Automedicación en parroquias urbanas y rurales: Un caso de estudio en Ambato, Ecuador
Authors: Bermeo-Merino Marilin
Published: September 2022

La automedicación es un fenómeno global y un factor potencial en el desarrollo de resistencia a antibióticos en patógenos humanos. Con el fin de determinar la prevalencia de la automedicación con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) en la población urbana y rural del Cantón Ambato en el período marzo-julio 2020. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal donde los participantes acudieron sin receta médica a farmacias comunitarias de Santa Rosa e Izamba (zona rural) y de San Francisco y la Matriz (zona urbana) del cantón Ambato. Fueron invitadas a responder una encuesta donde se evaluaron aspectos sociodemográficos e información general (medicamentos, causas, enfermedades). Se utilizó una muestra de 760 personas, en su mayoría mujeres (56.7%), donde el 29.6% radicaba en la zona rural. Los resultados determinaron que el 45.7% de sujetos se automedicaban y de estos, el 65.4% pertenecían al sector urbano. Además, se identificaron los factores que predisponen a esta práctica, de modo que, la mayor parte tenían un nivel de instrucción de secundaria y superior. Asimismo, los medios de comunicación influían directamente, entre los que sobresalían la familia (40,9%), internet (27,7%) y propagandas (16,7%), en tanto que, la falta de tiempo (34.3%) y cercanía de las farmacias comunitarias (32%) fueron las principales razones para la automedicación.
Mecanismo de alerta temprana para controlar los niveles de morosidad
Authors: Rodríguez Gavilanes Daniela
Published: September 2022

El crecimiento de las entidades financieras depende en gran manera del otorgamiento de créditos para sus clientes. En este contrato se establecen los valores y plazos en los que el capital se deberá devolver junto a los intereses y comisiones. La morosidad relacionada con los créditos se origina cuando no se realiza un adecuado análisis y control de las políticas establecidas en cada institución. Por ello en este documento se propone un mecanismo de alerta temprana para el control de los niveles de morosidad. También así como la medición del desempeño de estas instituciones financieras a través de la metodología CAMEL. Esto le permitirá a la alta dirección tomar decisiones prontas y acciones correctivas para evitar una disminución en los niveles de liquidez. También se define un mapa de calor que permita detectar oportunamente el riesgo y así poner mayor énfasis en los que son necesarios. Finalmente se exponen las conclusiones y recomendaciones como una base para futuras investigaciones, que incentiven a los lectores a profundizar o replicar el trabajo elaborado.
Exotic Amphibians and Reptiles of the United States
Authors: Meshaka Walter E., Jr. , Collins Suzanne L. , Bury R. Bruce , McCallum Malcolm L.
Published: September 2022

The first complete field guide to the exotic amphibians and reptiles established in the continental United States and Hawaii, this volume covers 74 species that are not native to the country and 29 species that are native but occur beyond their original geographic range. Dispersed from their former habitats by human activity, many of these species are invasive in their new environments, causing ecological or economic harm. Ideal for naturalists of all levels, the book details each species' taxonomy, distribution, history, and ecology and portrays each one with vibrant photographs. Drawing on county-level distribution maps from 2,908 published records, the book provides an in-depth understanding of local factors that drive the success of exotic species. It connects species-specific information to conservation issues as it explores human causes of exotic and invasive establishment. The book also includes eight invited essays which provide regional perspectives on scientific, economic, and management-related aspects of this phenomenon. As ecological pressures on native species and habitats increase, understanding the histories and roles of exotic species is becoming more and more important for conservation efforts. Providing practical identification skills and an awareness of the environmental impacts of these amphibians and reptiles, this book equips readers to confront the unusual biodiversity crisis of exotic species.
The Invasive Coqui
Authors: Beard Karen H.
Published: September 2022

This chapter investigates the colonization pathways of the coqui and the potential for future expansion of its exotic geographic range. The coqui was accidentally introduced to Hawaii via the nursery trade in the late 1980s as biocontrol agents or through the pet trade, and accidentally, as stowaways in cargo and nursery plants. Once in Hawaii, coquis found a new home with appropriate climate, abundant prey, and many places to breed in, especially lava rock. About 10 years after the initial introduction, the state of Hawaii started spending millions of dollars to control and eradicate the frog, mostly because its loud two-note mating call disturbed sleepy residents and began to lower property values. As the coqui colonization pattern shows, even small populations, like those brought over in a few nursery plants can, under the right circumstances, result in a widespread and abundant exotic species. Preventing initial establishment and eradicating populations that are still small or contained can sometimes be the only option to prevent eventual dispersal.
Jazz Dance Technique, Aesthetics, and Racial Supremacy
Authors: Jones Carlos R. A.
Published: September 2022

In this chapter, Carlos Jones takes an in-depth look at the definition and interpretation of “technique” in a dance context. He points out that typically, the elements within jazz dance that are called “technique” are related to ballet or other styles outside the African American origins of jazz. This happened in the early and mid-twentieth century, when White male artists extracted certain aspects of jazz, created codified systems infused with European dance forms, and repackaged it as their own style. However, it is a mistake to conflate technique with Eurocentric, balletic movements, since jazz dance has its own technique. Jones explains that although American dancers are often taught that ballet is the foundation for all other dance forms, or that ballet improves other dance forms, this simply is not true, and in fact is a racist idea. Since jazz has African roots, it cannot also have ballet roots. Jones presents an in-depth discussion of two jazz-specific techniques: get-down, and call-and-response, and ends with a call to stop defining jazz by the “other.”
Performing Gender
Authors: Coleman Brandi
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses the performative nature of gender, specifically in the female moving body as it relates to jazz dance in a heteronormative dance culture that reinforces binary gender expression and gender roles. The research aims to identify the physical and cultural tropes that often define women in jazz dance and will present gender-inclusive, human-centric examples of choreography that disrupt the binary or heteronormative, societally-induced constructs pertaining to gendered movement. The chapter also considers the intersection of race and gender as it pertains to the commodification of the female body in jazz dance. Considering the heteronormative, highly-gendered stylizations that are hallmarks of various forms of jazz dance, can we imagine a way in which we might be more gender-expansive in our pedagogy and choreography? Can we identify pedagogical and choreographic approaches that offer alternative ways for female-identified persons to move?
Considering Jazz Choreography
Authors: George Melanie
Published: September 2022

Chapter 14 is concerned with the conditions for producing jazz choreography – its support, volume, and literacy. While jazz dance styles have been examined thoroughly, the elements of jazz dance choreography are largely amorphous within dance scholarship and pedagogy. George argues that there are choreographic elements unique to jazz dance and the audiences, venues, and media for which jazz dance choreography is created, adapted, and staged. What are the shared characteristics of jazz choreography among the many jazz dance styles? What are the conditions that contribute to the limited visibility of jazz choreography in the twenty-first century? Why are there fewer jazz choreographers than in years past? George explore these questions to offer insight into the key components of what makes jazz dance choreography wholly unique and separate from ballet and modern dance, forms it is too often measured against.
Preparing a Lecture-Demonstration on the History/Styles of Jazz Dance for K–12 Students
Authors: Overby Lynnette Young
Published: September 2022

This chapter provides a rationale for and guidance in developing a lecture-demonstration on the history/styles of jazz dance for K–12 education. Since the history of jazz dance is connected to the complicated racial history of the United States of America, jazz dance can provide knowledge and provoke discussions about past and present racial justice issues. Anecdotes from past lecture-demonstrations created by the author and spanning over 30 years are included as examples. The jazz dance–based lecture-demonstration provides K–12 students and the university student performers the opportunity to see more than the dance, and more than the history – they experience the creativity, determination, and achievements that begin with the dance and continue with a deepening appreciation for a more just and inclusive society.
Connective Threads
Authors: Guarino Lindsay , Oliver Wendy
Published: September 2022

This forward-looking chapter considers the challenges and opportunities of jazz dance within a race-conscious framework. It follows three different themes, including the discussion of jazz as a Black American art form; interconnections between jazz music and jazz dance; and the future of jazz studies in the academy.
A Historical Archaeology of Early Spanish Colonial Urbanism in Central America
Authors: Fowler William R.
Published: September 2022

Founded as a military encampment in 1525, abandoned, and refounded in 1528 as an early Spanish colonial town, the town of San Salvador had an indigenous population perhaps twenty times greater in number than its Spanish population. Abandoned 1545-60, its brief occupation spans the crucial years of the early colonial period in Central America. The well-preserved ruins of this town, known today as the site of Ciudad Vieja, afford a rare opportunity for archaeological study of the dynamics of early Spanish-indigenous interaction and entanglement. Approximately two dozen Spanish cities were founded in Central America during the early colonial period. Few have been investigated archaeologically, and Ciudad Vieja is unique among them for its integrity, preservation, visibility, and accessibility. The landscapes of these urban settlements formed the spatial matrices within which their inhabitants embodied the habitus of social and physical relations of their lives, structuring social encounters through the production and reproduction of social relationships. Their habitus and relationships were products of actions crystallized at prescribed places and materialized in the plans, layouts, architecture, and material culture objects of the towns. The present book emphasizes a modern-world archaeological approach featuring detailed spatial analysis of the town, viewing it as an urban landscape and emphasizing the mutual interactions of the individuals and different cultural groups that shared the urban space. The study is set within a dialectical historical framework for the development of urbanism in medieval and early modern Spain and the early Spanish colonial Caribbean and Central America.
Conclusions
Authors: Fowler William R.
Published: September 2022

The chapter synthesizes the archaeological and historical evidence presented in previous chapters to interrogate the structures of early Spanish colonial urbanism with theoretical perspectives on archaeological and historical patterns at a global spatial scale. How do we explain this fervor for urban foundation and rapid expansion of Spanish American urbanism? Why were towns so crucial to Spaniards in the early decades of colonial expansion? how did this urban tradition begin, and how did it affect the lives and practice of Castilians during the middle ages and early modern period? Answers to these questions are sought at the temporal scales of the long durée or geographic time and the conjuncture or social time, and a number of interrelated factors are considered. These include spatial production and deployment of structural power derived from the historico-spatial dialectics of city founding and the implantation of ancient urban institutions as well as spatial construction and a series of symbolic beliefs about the civitas and policía.
“Dark Men in Mien and Movement”
Authors: Hernandez Rafael
Published: September 2022

The blind stripling in James Joyce’s Ulysses (1922) has long been a figure of great interest to Joycean scholarship. His visual impairment has been allied autobiographically to Joyce’s own eye troubles, and his character has been said to represent the critical symbolic link between Leopold Bloom and Stephen Dedalus. This essay follows recent scholarship on embodiment and disability to investigate the further import of the stripling in Joyce’s “epic of the body.” In particular, this essay argues that when read in a disability studies context the stripling adds to an understanding of the novel’s formal characteristics and the ways Joyce links physical disfigurement and racial oppression in colonial Ireland. Reading the stripling in two different episodes draws attention to how narrative structure shapes representations of one of Ulysses’s most notable disabled characters. The stripling’s central and highly visual appearance in Ulysses’s “Lestrygonians” episode rehearses racializing rhetorics that work to “other” disabled people not unlike those historically levied against the Irish themselves; here, the stripling is notably subject of and to Bloom’s ableist gaze. In contrast, his largely peripheral and uniquely aural representation in the “Sirens” episode complicates his earlier depiction in “Lestrygonians.” In “Sirens,” the stripling’s peripheral location paradoxically centralizes him in a position of power in the chapter’s narrative matrix; here, the stripling is maestro and metronome of “Sirens’” orchestral cacophony. At once a tightly surveilled object and elusive subject, the stripling draws attention to the body and its modes of being in the world and the novel alike; his presence in the novel destabilizes our understanding of normative bodies and narrative form and shows how the pathologized body as ostensible aberration is both a disruptive and generative force in Joyce’s work.
The Anti-Erasure of Lucia Joyce
Authors: Marchisotto Jennifer
Published: September 2022

This chapter shows how Joyce’s final novel creates a recuperative and productive space that returns agency to fictional and non-fictional mentally disabled women who were otherwise at the mercy of neurotypical patriarchal systems of oppression. Marchisotto argues Finnegans Wake challenges understandings of madness in literary, social, and clinical settings through a haunting network of association. Joyce adapts his daughter Lucia’s experiences alongside other historical figures and characters including Hamlet’s Ophelia to productively reintegrate previously silenced voices as part of a newly liberated literary history. Through synthesizing fictional and non-fictional histories of mental disability, Joyce generates an open system of identification that encourages readers to play with meaning and challenge normative conceptions of consciousness, elevating understandings of the complex relationship between mental disability, gender, and culture in contemporary contexts. Previously, scholars have contested the ethicality of engaging with Lucia’s history, a question that has often been taken up as a part of mad studies more broadly. Analysis of Lucia’s influence have primarily focused on the Wake from a genetic perspective. Through a synthesis of disability and mad studies alongside Joyce’s biographical writing, the author expands this analysis to position Finnegans Wake and Lucia’s influence on it as part of a socio-political history extending beyond the development of a single text. She claims the Wake’s plurality of meaning allows readers to engage with Lucia’s experience in new contexts without the same stigma or fear that characterized her in life, ultimately reinventing understandings of what it means to be mentally disabled.
American Health and Wellness in Archaeology and History
Authors: Hutchinson Dale L.
Published: September 2022

In this book, Dale Hutchinson traces the history of American health care and well-being from the colonial era to the present, drawing on evidence from material culture and historical documents to offer insights into the long-standing tension between traditional and institutionalized cures, as well as the emergence of the country’s unique brand of medical consumerism.
Hutchinson outlines three major trends that have influenced the course of American medicine—the convergence of different ancestral traditions, the formalization of the medical industry, and the rise of individual choice. He discusses how health challenges in the emergent nation led to increased numbers of healthcare specialists, and how in turn the developing prestige and lucrative nature of the medical profession caused widespread public distrust. Depicting the Civil War as a turning point in attitudes about health, Hutchinson demonstrates how sanitation and hygiene became important emphases of domestic life in the postbellum period. He also describes subsequent trends in self-care. Throughout, Hutchinson incorporates lessons learned from artifacts such as medical tools and the packaging of tonics, pills, salves, and other curatives.
Looking back on this history from the perspective of the contemporary landscape of health care and wellness in the United States, Hutchinson points out that weaknesses in the system that became apparent amid the COVID-19 pandemic were the result of changes that have been unfolding since the founding of the nation.
Ventilation, Germs, and Hygiene
Authors: Hutchinson Dale L.
Published: September 2022

Hutchinson argues that sanitation and disinfection became evident targets of health reform during the Civil War due to the rapid reformation of medicine. After the war, attention to sanitation continued to rise, particularly in cities and the dwellings within them. Issues of importance were human waste, refuse, ventilation, and disposal of garbage. Advances in water supply, sewage disposal, hygiene, and the recognition of disease-causing agents marked changes in post-Civil War environmental reform. The focus on healthy living was further supported by the acceptance of the germ theory of disease, following 1875.
Hospital Reformation and Redirection
Authors: Hutchinson Dale L.
Published: September 2022

By 1850, half a century of declining funds for hospitals left the institutional care of the infirmed insufficient for most people. Though the Civil War fueled many needed reforms, there were still issues of funding, support, and causation of illness. With the sanitation movement came the change in sanitation of hospitals and the growing realization that some health and wellness conditions required long term, specialized care, such as tuberculosis and insanity. Hospital reformation intersected with movements in hygiene, and with the acceptance of germs and specific pathogens.
“I Can Tell It Always”
Authors: Kretzler Ian
Published: September 2022

The presumed or anticipated disappearance of Native peoples has long-guided US settler colonialism. Native disappearance, whether physical or cultural, also informed early archaeological examinations of postcontact Native history and continues to shape archaeological practice. Chapter 2 frames Native disappearance as an enduring expectation, one that may be subverted by collaborative research with Native communities that leaves room for—and if anything, expects—the unexpected. Drawing on two community-based projects developed in partnership with the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde as case studies, this chapter argues that research grounded in Native knowledge provides a framework for identifying the unexpected. At Grand Ronde, this approach yielded new insight into the history of allotment on the Grand Ronde Reservation in northwestern Oregon and the culturally salient belongings used by the reservation community at the turn of the twentieth century. Collaborative research that addresses Native disappearance within archaeology may result in new research strategies that are at once less encumbered by the legacies of US settler colonialism and help tell Native peoples’ stories of survivance.
On the Rez, It’s All Our History
Authors: Dickson Catherine E. , Steinmetz Shawn
Published: September 2022

Tribal members understand history, perhaps better than most communities. It is the concept of prehistory that brings blank stares. As non-Umatilla tribal member archaeologists working for the tribe, it is our job to ensure places in the tribes' past (both distant and recent) are adequately addressed in cultural resource management, including Section 106 consultation. This effort often requires reminding agencies and project proponents that not only do tribes have a pre-contact history (of course!), but they also have a contact-era history (hmm, maybe) and a post-contact history (certainly not!), as well as a present (sure!). In this chapter we discuss the CTUIR’s history and examples of archaeological sites, including homesteads, CCC projects, agricultural work, and subsistence, associated with tribal members. The discussion raises questions about how archaeologists’ deep-seated assumptions about the past serve to bolster popular colonial narratives and erase tribal people and their contributions.
Distrust Thy Neighbor
Authors: Scheidecker Dave W. , Mahoney Maureen , Backhouse Paul N.
Published: September 2022

The most recent history of the Seminole Tribe of Florida (STOF) and its settlement on Federal Trust land is little understood. Settling onto the various reservations in the 1930s, community members organized the layout and location of their camps based on sociohistorical beliefs stemming from a distrust of their new American neighbors, the result of half a century of warfare. This distrust was counterbalanced by the need to rely on reservation period infrastructure and access to commodities and services. These historic settlements are noticeable in the bottles, tin cans, and other remnant artifacts, but contain a much more powerful history with the addition of oral histories of the community members that took part in these early reservation settlements. Noting the shifts in camp location and organization over a broad period tells a story of important community functions and the evolution of the reservations. The various locational and content changes of these settlements are recorded by the Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO) through constant engagement with the Tribal Community.
Looking at the World through Rose-Colored Flaked Glass
Authors: Russell Hannah
Published: September 2022

The manner in which data is captured on archaeological site forms can have a tremendous impact on how archaeological information is valued, managed, presented, and interpreted. In the world of cultural heritage management in the United States, the implications of archaeological bias as can be captured on and perpetuated by site forms can have irreversible consequences to the cultural landscape. Notably, post-1492 sites and site materials can be easily lost to the data points on a site form. This chapter focuses on the importance of identifying the nuance of post-1492 Indigenous archaeological sites in cultural heritage management projects by discussing flaked glass as a keystone artifact type and then introducing replicative studies and traditional lithic analysis techniques to explore how to identify and validate flaked glass with a critical and objective eye. Lastly, the chapter will explore flaked glass from two archaeological sites in southern Utah to apply the information and techniques presented. The goal is to encourage archaeologists to consider this artifact type with new perspective—looking at the world through rose-colored flaked glass—that can enhance our archaeological knowledge of the historic-era Indigenous landscape.
Joyce, Aristotle, and Aquinas
Authors: O'Rourke Fran
Published: September 2022

Joyce, Aristotle and Aquinas examines the pervasive presence of Aristotle and Aquinas in the writings of James Joyce. Joyce was a philosophical writer, with a keen sense of primordial and perennial questions such as diversity and unity, identity, permanence and change, and the reliability of knowledge; in his writings he engaged creatively with these questions. Aristotle and Aquinas were his dominant influences, providing both significant content for his work, as well as important principles of artistic creation. O'Rourke illustrates the decisive and extensive influence of Aristotle and Aquinas by copious reference to Joyce’s writings. The biographical facts of Joyce’s education, and his initiation into the intellectual world of Aristotle and Aquinas, are charted in detail. Aristotle equipped Joyce with fundamental principles regarding reality, knowledge, and the soul, which allowed him to shape his literary characters. Without his study of Aristotle’s Metaphysics and On the Soul, he could not have created the intellectual character of Stephen portrayed in the early chapters of Ulysses. The debate in ‘Scylla and Charybdis’ between Stephen, Eglinton and Russell would have been impossible. The Aristotelian concepts of act and potency, form and entelechy, are indispensable for Stephen’s reading of the world and his sense of selfhood. Besides relying on Aquinas as an authority for his realist outlook, Joyce appropriated Thomistic concepts to elaborate his own aesthetic theory; he diverged widely, however, from his credited source.
Identity, Soul, and Substance
Authors: O'Rourke Fran
Published: September 2022

Questions of identity, and selfhood, of permanence through change, are a constant theme for Joyce. He was concerned with his own identity as an artist, also that of the principal characters. Stephen and Bloom are both puzzled by the enigma of identity over time and reflect on their ownership of past deeds. Does the self remain constant underneath the perpetual flow of change? Is there a single self or ‘multiple mes’?—a challenge expressed dramatically in Finnegans Wake, where personae change and intermingle. As a young man Joyce declared that all things are inconstant except faith in the soul; the word occurs over 400 times in his work. The nearest he came to solve the matter was in Aristotle’s theory of the soul as entelechy, the substantial form that underlies accidental transformation.
Totality, Diversity, and Order
Authors: O'Rourke Fran
Published: September 2022

Joyce had a deep impulse for order and totality—a place for everything and everything in its place. From his Jesuit masters he learned from how ‘to arrange things in such a way that they become easy to survey and to judge.’ He was a conscious follower of Aristotle, the universal systematizer, from whom he adopted analogy as the key to relationships of unity and similarity across the universe and throughout history. There is an appropriate fitness between goal and end, task and tool, which Joyce enacted by adopting a different style for each episode of Ulysses. Joyce’s works are replete with symmetries and coincidences; by establishing parallels between Bloom and Homer he stretches the narrative from the Irish metropolis to the ancient world. By transgressing the limits of language and logic Finnegans Wake also attempts to symbolically embrace the totalities of place and time.
Joyce’s Quotations from Aristotle
Authors: O'Rourke Fran
Published: September 2022

The clearest evidence for Joyce’s knowledge of Aristotle are the thirty-one quotations which he copied into his ‘Early Commonplace Notebook’ in Paris in 1902. Taken mostly from De Anima (On the Soul) and the Metaphysics, they are well chosen selections of Aristotle’s central doctrines. They provide Stephen in Ulysses with the intellectual categories and concepts to interpret the meaning of history, the reliability of knowledge, and the identity of the self. Joyce’s quotations are presented, together with the (sometimes faulty) French translations which he used, modern English translations, the original Greek texts, as well as explanation and commentary.
Archaeology of Race and Class at Timbuctoo
Authors: Barton Christopher P.
Published: September 2022

This book focuses on the intersectionality of race, class, and practice at the Black community of Timbuctoo. Founded in 1825 by formerly enslaved migrants from Maryland Timbuctoo was one of several antebellum communities in southern New Jersey. The locations of these free communities were due to the influence of Quakers who offered legal support and employment to Black residents. Timbuctoo along the Greenwich Line of the Underground which took people escaping slavery from the Delaware Bay to New York. Despite some assistance by Quaker abolitions, New Jersey was hostile rife with racism and slavecatchers. The people of Timbuctoo endured several interactions with slavecatchers, including, the Battle of Pine Swamp, where armed residents thwarted the attempt of George Alberti to arrest “fugitive” Perry Simmons. The residents of Timbuctoo continued to fight as several of the men enlisted in the United States Colored Troops, including William Davis whose homestead was the focus for archaeological research. This book takes a multiscalar approach to understanding the everyday lives at Timbuctoo from settlement patterns and landscape archaeology, to in-depth interpretations on artifact types, like peanut butter and home canning. Uncovered in these analyses are stories of the struggles of life along the color line. However, these stories are also about perseverance and the ability of individuals to aspire. Oral histories from the community elders convey how despite life of poverty that the people of Timbuctoo formed a collective identity; a community of self-described, “Bucktonians”
Introduction
Authors: Barton Christopher P.
Published: September 2022

This chapter introduces the reader to the author and the project’s background. A brief history of Timbuctoo is presented within the context of community-based archaeology. Additionally, discussed are the theoretical framework for the project rooted in practice theory, collective action, and archaeology as social activism. Finally, the chapter ends with a layout of the book and the significance of Timbuctoo.
The Mexican Superochero Moment
Authors: Aguirre Darancou Iván Eusebio
Published: September 2022

This chapter discusses a history of Super 8mm film production in Mexico between 1968 and 1988. It begins by covering the film contests and festival that solidified the cultural sphere, then moving into a close analysis of key films as they moved to an underground and more radical circuit. This chapter proposes the concept of countercultural nations to read the political and cultural interventions (state violence, political escapism, political praxis and collaborative filmmaking, class oppression and class conflict, sexual liberation and eroticism) of these films vis-à-vis the strong nationalist and capitalist imperatives that have marked Mexican film and film markets. Focusing on films by Sergio García Michel, David Celestinos, José Agustín, the Cooperativa de Cine Marginal, Eduardo Carrasco Zanini and Rafael Montero, this chapters provides a critical approach to the Mexican small format.
Finding the Lost Cinema of Mexico
Authors: Tierney Dolores
Published: September 2022

Acting as a conclusion to The Lost Cinema of Mexico, this chapter explores how its collection of essays contributes to new directions in Mexican cinema scholarship. This chapter explores how, in their different essays, the authors, critically recover the cinema of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, decades supposedly “lost” to an industrial crisis and to “highly commercial” and “culturally disreputable” genres, and challenge the nuevo cine-influenced perspective which has produced this crisis narrative. This chapter aligns The Lost Cinema’s rescue and reconceptualizing approaches with cultural studies’ re-evaluation of popular, and particularly commercial cinemas as these have taken place both locally and in the Anglo-American academy. The chapter ends by evaluating The Lost Cinema of Mexico as part of a process of critical recovery, rescue, and reconceptualization and looks forward to new areas of scholarship it will inevitably facilitate.
Being a Man in Brazil
Authors: Lehnen Jeremy
Published: September 2022

Chapter one follows the historical development of Brazilian cinema from Cinema Novo to the end of the twentieth century, focusing on the representation of men and masculinity in films that can be broadly categorized as crime films. This brief historical overview hones in on examples of authoritarian masculinity that undergird the character construction and expression of male protagonists. This chapter is by no means exhaustive but rather traces instances where the “authoritarian character” of Brazilian society that Chauí and DaMatta signal is on cinematic display.