bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical interaction study between xanthate ligand and lead (II) using NBO, EDA and QTAIM analysis
Authors: Silva Victor Hugo Malamace da , Ferreira Glaucio Braga
Published: January 2021

As a useful flotation agent, the xanthate ligand, O-alkyldithiocarbonates, has been used by different countries by its easy and inexpensive synthesis. More recently papers explored many different applications using this ligand within a complex of several metals cation. In order to study the proprieties of the lead (II) complex with such ligand, the object of this work is to provide a better understanding of the Pb-S bond using different theoretical approaches as NBO, EDA and QTAIM analysis and the influence caused by the different alkyl groups of the ligand. By an optimized structure, the NBO showed that the Pb-S is mainly composed by p orbital of the lead and by the p lone pair of the sulfur atom. The calculation with different alkyl groups highlights that the presence of a larger hydrocarbon chain provides a higher contribution of the s orbital of the lead atom to the interaction. Through the EDA analysis, the interaction between ligand and metal has the predominance of an electrostatic character. The size of the alkyl group has an impact on the value of both covalent and electrostatic character, making the interaction more covalent, due to a higher presence of an electronic density on sulfur atom. This density can be evaluated by the topological study of the QTAIM analysis, which enhances the fact that the charge over the sulfur atom gets higher when using a larger alkyl group for the xanthate ligand.
Encapsulation of the vitamins D3 and E in cucurbit[7]uril: A computational investigation
Authors: Oliveira Osmair Vital de , Oliveira Isabella Barros de , Lima Felipe Edilino de , Viegas Rafael Giordano
Published: January 2021

In this work, molecular dynamics simulation (MD) was used to study the encapsulation of fat-soluble vitamins D3 (vD3) and E (a-TOC) into cucubit[7]uril (CB[7]) in an aqueous solution. Cucurbiturils is a class of macrocyclic molecules largely used as carrier and controlled release agent in order to improve the solubility and chemoprotective of drugs. Along 50 ns of MD trajectory, the vitamins formed a stable complex with CB[7] without significantly altering its structure. Moreover, the second solvation shell of the CB[7] was not disrupted by the inclusion of the vitamins. The solvation enthalpy was ~ –173.0 kcal/mol for both complexes and –177.6 kcal/mol for the isolated CB[7], suggesting that the vitamin@CB[7] complexes are soluble in water. The binding free energy indicates that CB[7] can act as carrier agent for these vitamins, with values of –17.54 and –23.76 kcal/mol for vD3@CB[7] and a-TOC@CB[7], respectively. Finally, herein we highlight that CB[7] can be a new host to be used for vitamin delivery in biological systems.
Unveiling the Dynamics of Quasiparticles in Cove-type Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Cassiano Tiago de Sousa Araújo , Monteiro Fábio Ferreira , Oliveira Neto Pedro Henrique de
Published: January 2021

Since its isolation in 2004, graphene has attracted the attention of many scientists due to its excellent transport and mechanical features. However, the use of this material in optoelectronics is limited since it has no bandgap. One can detour it by cutting a graphene sheet laterally. The new carbon nanostructure that emerges from this procedure is known as graphene nanoribbon (GNR). Nowadays, a quest to develop a viable production of these materials drives many researchers. Narita et al.[2] successfully synthesized a candidate using a bottom-up solution procedure, known as cove-type GNR. Despite all the promising attributes, the electronic transport mechanism of this material is so far unexplored. In this work, we investigated through computational simulations the electronic transport of the cove-type GNR. We did so by employing an extended two-dimensional SSH model [3] with a tight-binding effect (electron-phonon coupling). A self-consistent field method generates stationary states, while time evolution is conducted based on the Ehrenfest theorem. Results reveal the formation of two polarized regions after photoionization: a polaron and a bipolaron. These quasiparticles are mobile by the application of a uniform electric field, unveiling its role as a charge transporter. Finally, a semi-classical algorithm evaluates their mobility and effective mass. Calculations indicate that both structures have a low effective mass along with intrinsic mobility. Hence, the cove-type GNRs may be suitable to perform as highly efficient semiconductors in future applications. This study contributes as well to the theoretical understanding of confined quantum systems.
DFT simulations for the [6-p-cymene)RuCl2(apy)] complex
Authors: Antonichen Magno R. , Lazaro Sergio R. de , Lacerda Luis H. S. , Marszaukowski Flavia , Guimarães Ivelise D. L. , Wohnrath Karen , Boere Rene
Published: January 2021

Anticarcinogen compounds are extensively investigated in current days. Among the potential alternatives to develop effective drugs for this purpose, stands out the ruthenium (II) complex presents satisfactory anti-tumor activity. In particular, this kind of compounds has been investigated as a possible substitute for Platinum-based drugs. However, Ru (II) complexes need more investigation to understand the ligands' effect on biological environments, such as cytotoxicity, metabolism, accumulation on tumor issues, and others. Therefore, in this work, a robust DFT/B3LYP theoretical investigation was performed using GAUSSIAN09 in order to investigate the effects of the +1 and -1 charges on structural and electronic properties of the (6-p-cymene)Ru(II)Cl2(apy) complex. The structure evaluation indicates that +1 charged complex has a slight reduction on the Ru – cymene, Ru – Cl and Ru – apy bond lengths regarding the neutral complex. On the other hand, -1 charged complex shows bond lengths very similar to the neutral compound, except by a very large distance between Ru and one Cl atom, indicating that such atoms were expelled.
Agrosavia Fecunda y Agrosavia Tesoro: dos nuevos cultivares de guanábana como alternativa de producción para los agricultores colombianos
Authors: Reyes Cuesta Rafael , Reyes Franco Hugo Mario , Bastidas Pérez Silvio , Peña Rojas Eduardo , Caicedo Arana Álvaro , Moreno Caicedo Leidy Paola , Rozo Leguizamón Yanine , Ramos Villafañe Yaneth Patricia , Trujillo Bejarano Wilson , Osorio Cardona Omar
Published: January 2021

En este documento, dirigido a todo tipo de productor, asistentes técnicos, inversionistas y la academia; se realiza una ilustración general del proceso de investigación que condujo a la obtención de dos nuevos cultivares nacionales de guanábana, Agrosavia Fecunda y Agrosavia Tesoro. Lo que permite ampliar dicha oferta en el país, tanto para consumo fresco como para agroindustria y para la tecnificación de su explotación comercial. Sus características varietales, morfoagronómicas y productivas, calidad de frutos, reacción a insectos plaga y enfermedades, manejo agronómico y manejo de la cosecha; son descritas en esta obra. Por lo tanto, este es un material ilustrativo que merece ser consultado, para el conocimiento de las actividades de mejoramiento genético que realiza agrosavia en esta especie, para la toma de decisiones sobre la selección de cultivares a sembrar por parte de los inversionistas agropecuarios, de acuerdo con los dominios de recomendación para los cuales se generaron los dos nuevos cultivares; así como para la continuidad de la investigación en la especie de la cual el país posee gran variabilidad genética.
Impact of Web-Based Sharing and Viewing of Self-Harm–Related Videos and Photographs on Young People: Systematic Review
Authors: Marchant Amanda , Hawton Keith , Burns Lauren , Stewart Anne , John Ann
Published: January 2021

Background

Given recent moves to remove or blur self-harm imagery or content on the web, it is important to understand the impact of posting, viewing, and reposting self-harm images on young people.

Objective

The aim of this study is to systematically review research related to the emotional and behavioral impact on children and young people who view or share web-based self-harm–related videos or images.

Methods

We searched databases (including Embase, PsychINFO, and MEDLINE) from January 1991 to February 2019. Search terms were categorized into internet use, images nonspecific and specific to the internet, and self-harm and suicide. Stepwise screening against specified criteria and data extraction were completed by two independent reviewers. Eligible articles were quality assessed, and a narrative synthesis was conducted.

Results

A total of 19 independent studies (20 articles) were included. Of these, 4 studies focused on images, 10 (11 articles) on videos, and 5 on both. There were 4 quantitative, 9 qualitative, and 7 mixed methods articles. In total, 11 articles were rated as high quality. There has been an increase in graphic self-harm imagery over time. Potentially harmful content congregated on platforms with little moderation, anonymity, and easy search functions for images. A range of reactions and intentions were reported in relation to posting or viewing images of self-harm: from empathy, a sense of solidarity, and the use of images to give or receive help to potentially harmful ones suggesting new methods, normalization, and exacerbation of self-harm. Viewing images as an alternative to self-harm or a creative outlet were regarded in 2 studies as positive impacts. Reactions of anger, hostility, and ambivalence have been reported. There was some evidence of the role of imitation and reinforcement, driven partly by the number of comments and wound severity, but this was not supported by time series analyses.

Conclusions

Although the results of this review support concern related to safety and exacerbation of self-harm through viewing images of self-harm, there may be potential for positive impacts in some of those exposed. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness and potential harms of current posting restrictions, incorporate user perspectives, and develop recovery-oriented content. Clinicians assessing distressed young people should ask about internet use, including access to self-harm images, as part of their assessment.
Improving Efficiency of Clinical Studies Using a Total Digital Approach: Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Schenck-Gustafsson Karin , Carnlöf Carina , Jensen-Urstad Mats , Insulander Per
Published: January 2021

Background

In general, most clinical studies have long recruitment periods. Signing the informed consent is particularly time-consuming when the participant must meet physically with the researchers. Therefore, introducing fully web-based techniques with the use of eAuthentication (BankID) and new digital electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring could speed up inclusion time, increase adherence, and also reach out to more remote regions.

Objective

The objectives of this study were to explore whether inclusion of a large number of participants could be realized quickly by using a total digital approach both for information and signing of informed consent, along with ECG monitoring and instant feedback on a mobile device. We also explored whether this approach can increase adherence in registration of ECG recordings and answering questionnaires, and if it would result in a more geographically uniform distribution of participants covering a wide age span.

Methods

Women with palpitations were intensively studied over 2 months by means of a handheld ECG monitoring device (Coala Heart Monitor). The device connects to a smartphone or tablet, which allows the participants to obtain the results immediately. Recruitment, study information, and signing the informed consent form with the help of BankID were performed in a completely digital manner.

Results

Between March and May 2018, 2424 women indicated their interest in participating in the study. On June 19, 2018, presumptive participants were invited to log in and register. After 25 days, 1082 women were included in the study; among these, 1020 women fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 913 of whom completed all phases of the study: recording ECG using the handheld device, completion of the prestudy questionnaires, and completion of the poststudy questionnaires 2 months after the ECG recordings. The dropout rate was 9%. In total, 101,804 ECG recordings were made. The mean age was 56 (SD 11) years (range 21-88 years) and 35 participants were 75 years or older. The participants were evenly distributed between living in the countryside and in cities.

Conclusions

Total digital inclusion recruitment of 1082 participants was achieved in only 25 days, and resulted in a good geographical distribution, excellent adherence, and ability to reach a vast age span, including elderly women. Studies using a total digital design would be particularly appealing during a pandemic since physical contact should be avoided as much as possible.

Trial Registration

ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN22495299; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN22495299
Regional Resource Assessment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: Modeling Study
Authors: Guzzi Pietro H , Tradigo Giuseppe , Veltri Pierangelo
Published: January 2021

Background

COVID-19 has been declared a worldwide emergency and a pandemic by the World Health Organization. It started in China in December 2019, and it rapidly spread throughout Italy, which was the most affected country after China. The pandemic affected all countries with similarly negative effects on the population and health care structures.

Objective

The evolution of the COVID-19 infections and the way such a phenomenon can be characterized in terms of resources and planning has to be considered. One of the most critical resources has been intensive care units (ICUs) with respect to the infection trend and critical hospitalization.

Methods

We propose a model to estimate the needed number of places in ICUs during the most acute phase of the infection. We also define a scalable geographic model to plan emergency and future management of patients with COVID-19 by planning their reallocation in health structures of other regions.

Results

We applied and assessed the prediction method both at the national and regional levels. ICU bed prediction was tested with respect to real data provided by the Italian government. We showed that our model is able to predict, with a reliable error in terms of resource complexity, estimation parameters used in health care structures. In addition, the proposed method is scalable at different geographic levels. This is relevant for pandemics such as COVID-19, which has shown different case incidences even among northern and southern Italian regions.

Conclusions

Our contribution can be useful for decision makers to plan resources to guarantee patient management, but it can also be considered as a reference model for potential upcoming waves of COVID-19 and similar emergency situations.
Recruitment of Participants for a 3D Virtual Supermarket: Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Hoenink Jody C , Mackenbach Joreintje D , van der Laan Laura Nynke , Lakerveld Jeroen , Waterlander Wilma , Beulens Joline W J
Published: January 2021

Background

Virtual supermarkets offer a practical and affordable setting to test the efficacy of different pricing and nudging strategies before they are implemented in the real world. Despite the advantages of using virtual supermarkets for this purpose, conducting studies in online settings is challenging with regard to recruitment and retention of sufficient and suitable participants.

Objective

To describe cost, time, and retention with regard to participants recruited using various strategies and potential sociodemographic differences between participants recruited via different strategies.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used data from a randomized controlled trial in which 455 Dutch adults with low and high educational levels were invited to shop 5 times in a 3D virtual supermarket. Participants were recruited via social media and flyers. A log that tracked the costs of and time spent on the different recruitment strategies was kept by the study team. Outcome measures included the cost of recruitment strategies, the time investment by researchers, and recruitment and attrition rates of participants in the study.

Results

The median age of study completers was 31.0 (IQR 25.0) and 157 out of 346 study completers (45.4%) were highly educated. Out of the 455 included participants, 235 (51.6%) were recruited via social media campaigns, 131 (28.8%) via home-delivered flyers, 38 (8.4%) via flyers directly distributed by the study team, and 46 (10.1%) via word-of-mouth. Of all paid recruitment strategies, social media campaigns were the cheapest and least time-consuming, whereas the distribution of flyers by the study team was the most expensive and time-consuming recruitment strategy. Age, sex, overweight status, employment situation, and number of adults within the household varied by recruitment strategy.

Conclusions

Using different recruitment strategies resulted in the efficient recruitment of a representative study sample and retention of participants was relatively high. While “word-of-mouth” was the most cost- and time-effective recruitment strategy, using only one type of recruitment strategy could result in a demographically skewed study population.
Toward a Multivariate Prediction Model of Pharmacological Treatment for Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Velardo Carmelo , Clifton David , Hamblin Steven , Khan Rabia , Tarassenko Lionel , Mackillop Lucy
Published: January 2021

Background

Successful management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) reduces the risk of morbidity in women and newborns. A woman’s blood glucose readings and risk factors are used by clinical staff to make decisions regarding the initiation of pharmacological treatment in women with GDM. Mobile health (mHealth) solutions allow the real-time follow-up of women with GDM and allow timely treatment and management. Machine learning offers the opportunity to quickly analyze large quantities of data to automatically flag women at risk of requiring pharmacological treatment.

Objective

The aim of this study is to assess whether data collected through an mHealth system can be analyzed to automatically evaluate the switch to pharmacological treatment from diet-based management of GDM.

Methods

We collected data from 3029 patients to design a machine learning model that can identify when a woman with GDM needs to switch to medications (insulin or metformin) by analyzing the data related to blood glucose and other risk factors.

Results

Through the analysis of 411,785 blood glucose readings, we designed a machine learning model that can predict the timing of initiation of pharmacological treatment. After 100 experimental repetitions, we obtained an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (SD 0.02) and an algorithm that allows the flexibility of setting the operating point rather than relying on a static heuristic method, which is currently used in clinical practice.

Conclusions

Using real-time data collected via an mHealth system may further improve the timeliness of the intervention and potentially improve patient care. Further real-time clinical testing will enable the validation of our algorithm using real-world data.
A Relaxation App (HeartBot) for Stress and Emotional Well-Being Over a 21-Day Challenge: Randomized Survey Study
Authors: Iyer Laya , Iyer Ranjani B , Kumar Vetriliaa
Published: January 2021

Background

HeartBot is an app designed to enable people 14 years and older to use relaxation tools offered by Heartfulness Institute to deal with daily stress and anxiety in a healthy, productive manner. These tools have proven effective in stress management and mental wellness when administered in a controlled environment by a certified proctor.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the app’s effectiveness and evaluate the implementation of the tools.

Methods

In this study, 88 participants were recruited and randomly sorted into 2 groups, the HeartBot intervention group (n=46) and the waitlist control group (n=42). Pre- and postsurveys measured participants’ stress levels using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and their social-emotional well-being using the EPOCH (Engagement, Perseverance, Optimism, Connectedness, and Happiness) Measure of Adolescent Well-Being before and after they used the app for 21 days for 30 minutes every day.

Results

The study received institutional review board approval on August 18, 2019. Participant recruitment lasted from the approval date until September 30, 2019. The 21-day challenge started on October 1, 2019. Of the 135 people who signed up, 88 completed the study. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean PSS scores before and after the intervention (from 18.3 to 7.89; P<.001). The paired Wilcoxon rank sum test on the EPOCH scores indicated a significant difference in the medians of the total scores (W=411.5, P<.001).

Conclusions

Evidence from this study shows that HeartBot is an effective app that can be used to manage stress and improve positive characteristics of emotional wellness. Future research and widespread usage of the app under this study are encouraged based on this preliminary evidence of its effectiveness.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04589520; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04589520
Comparison of Facebook, Google Ads, and Reddit for the Recruitment of People Who Considered but Did Not Obtain Abortion Care in the United States: Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Moseson Heidi , Wollum Alexandra , Seymour Jane W , Zuniga Carmela , Thompson Terri-Ann , Gerdts Caitlin
Published: January 2021

Background

In the United States, abortion access is restricted by numerous logistical, financial, social, and policy barriers. Most studies on abortion-seeking experiences in the United States have recruited participants from abortion clinics. However, clinic-based recruitment strategies fail to capture the experiences of people who consider an abortion but do not make it to an abortion clinic. Research indicates that many people search for abortion information on the web; however, web-based recruitment remains underutilized in abortion research.

Objective

This study aims to establish the feasibility of using Facebook, Google Ads, and Reddit as recruitment platforms for a study on abortion-seeking experiences in the United States.

Methods

From August to September 2018, we posted recruitment advertisements for a survey about abortion-seeking experiences through Facebook, Google Ads, and Reddit. Eligible participants were US residents aged 15-49 years who had been pregnant in the past 5 years and had considered abortion for a pregnancy in this period but did not abort. For each platform, we recorded staff time to develop advertisements and manage recruitment, as well as costs related to advertisement buys and social marketing firm support. We summarized the number of views and clicks for each advertisement where possible, and we calculated metrics related to cost per recruited participant and recruitment rate by week for each platform. We assessed differences across platforms using the chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results

Overall, study advertisements received 77,464 views in the 1-month period (from Facebook and Google; information not available for Reddit) and 2808 study page views. After clicking on the advertisements, there were 1254 initiations of the eligibility screening survey, which resulted in 98 eligible survey participants (75 recruited from Facebook, 14 from Google Ads, and 9 from Reddit). The cost for each eligible participant in each platform was US $49.48 for Facebook, US $265.93 for Google Ads, and US $182.78 for Reddit. A total of 84% (66/79) of those who screened eligible from Facebook completed the short survey compared with 73% (8/11) of those who screened eligible from Reddit and 13% (7/53) of those who screened eligible from Google Ads.

Conclusions

These results suggest that Facebook advertisements may be the most time- and cost-effective strategy to recruit people who considered but did not obtain an abortion in the United States. Adapting and implementing Facebook-based recruitment strategies for research on abortion access could facilitate a more complete understanding of the barriers to abortion care in the United States.
Educational Needs and Preferences for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research in the Cystic Fibrosis Community: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Godfrey Emily M , Kazmerski Traci M , Brown Georgia , Thayer Erin K , Mentch Laura , Pam Molly , Al Achkar Morhaf
Published: January 2021

Background

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare, life-shortening, multiorgan disease, the treatment of which has seen significant increases in the life expectancy of those with CF. Many advances in CF care are thanks to the dedicated and active participation of people with CF as research participants. Unfortunately, most CF research teams still do not fully partner with people with CF or their caregivers.

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the interest, knowledge gaps, and desired format for patient-centered outcomes research (PCOR) training in the CF community.

Methods

We surveyed patients, caregivers, researchers, research staff, and diverse health care providers via list servers and social media outreach about their knowledge of, experience with, and preferences for PCOR training components. We followed the survey with 3 small-group discussion sessions with 22 participants who completed the survey to establish consensus and prioritize key learning components of a PCOR training program. We summarized results using descriptive statistics.

Results

A total of 170 participants completed the survey (patients/caregivers: 96/170, 56.5%; researchers/health care providers: 74/170, 43.5%). Among providers, 26% (19/74) were physicians/advanced practice providers, 20% (15/74) were nurses, and 54% (40/74) were from other disciplines. Among all participants, 86.5% (147/170) expressed interest in learning about PCOR, although training topics and training format differed between the patient/caregiver and researcher/health care provider groups. Before participating in PCOR, patients/caregivers wanted to understand more about expectations of them as partners on PCOR research teams (82/96, 85%). Meanwhile, researchers/health care providers desired information on how to include outcomes important to patients/caregivers (55/74, 74%) and the quality and impact of PCOR research (52/74, 70% and 51/74, 69%, respectively). Patients/caregivers were most interested in learning about the time commitment as a PCOR team member (75/96, 78%). Researchers/health care providers wanted to receive training about how to establish trust (47/74, 64%) and maintain confidentiality (47/74, 64%) when including patient or caregiver partners on the PCOR team. During follow-up discussions, participants emphasized the importance of addressing the traditional patient/caregiver and researchers/health care provider hierarchy by teaching about transparency, appreciation, creating a common language between the groups, and providing specific training on “how” to do PCOR.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest CF community members are interested in PCOR. A high-quality training program would fill a current deficit in methodological research. This assessment identified the topics and formats desired and can be used to develop targeted training to enhance meaningful PCOR in CF.
Factors Contributing to Adolescents’ and Young Adults’ Participation in Web-Based Challenges: Survey Study
Authors: Khasawneh Amro , Chalil Madathil Kapil , Zinzow Heidi , Rosopa Patrick , Natarajan Gitanjali , Achuthan Krishnashree , Narasimhan Meera
Published: January 2021

Background

Web-based challenges, phenomena that are familiar to adolescents and young adults who spend large amounts of time on social media, range from minimally harmful behaviors intended to support philanthropic endeavors to significantly harmful behaviors that may culminate in injury or death.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the beliefs that lead adolescents and young adults to participate in these activities by analyzing the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) ice bucket challenge, representing nonharmful behaviors associated with web-based challenges, and the cinnamon challenge, representing web-based challenges that lead to harmful behaviors.

Methods

A retrospective quantitative study was conducted with a total of 471 participants aged between 13 and 35 years who either had participated in the ALS ice bucket challenge or the cinnamon challenge, or had never participated in any web-based challenge. Binomial logistic regression models were used to classify those who participated in the ALS ice bucket challenge or cinnamon challenge versus those who did not engage in either challenge using the integrated behavioral model’s beliefs as predictors.

Results

The findings showed that participants of both the cinnamon challenge and the ALS ice bucket challenge had significantly greater expectations from the public to participate in the challenge they completed in comparison with individuals who never participated in any challenge (P=.01 for the cinnamon challenge and P=.003 for the ALS ice bucket challenge). Cinnamon challenge participants had greater value for the outcomes of the challenge (P<.001) and perceived positive public opinion about the challenge (P<.001), in comparison with individuals who never participated in any challenge. In contrast, ALS ice bucket challenge participants had significantly greater positive emotional responses than individuals who never participated in any challenge (P<.001).

Conclusions

The constructs that contribute to the spread of web-based challenges vary based on the level of self-harm involved in the challenge and its purpose. Intervention efforts could be tailored to address the beliefs associated with different types of web-based challenges.
Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Tenaga Kerja Formal di Indonesia
Authors: Middia Martanti Dewi , Magdalena Florentz , Ariska Natalia Pipit D. , Setiyawati Nia , Rumboirusi Waydewin C. B.
Published: January 2021

Even though the informal labour still dominates Indonesia workforce, the trend of formal labour increases each year. BPS data shows that in 2015, the percentage of formal labor reached 42,25 percent. Then it increased to 44,28 percent in 2019. As a capital-intensive sector, formal sector supports economy of Indonesia, because it is relatively safe or less prone to shut down. However, the determination of the global pandemic status on March 11, 2020 due to Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) has hit the world economy, including Indonesia. To suppress the spread of Covid-19, people are asked to work, study, or pray from home. This causes many companies suffer losses and even close their businesses, thus impacting workers. Based on data from the Ministry of Manpower 13 April 2020 as many as 1.2 million formal labour have been furloughed and 212.4 thousand have been laid off. This study aims to observe the trends of formal labour in Indonesia and the impact of Covid-19 on formal labour in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data obtained from various sources which are analyzed descriptively.
Dinamika Komposisi Penduduk: Dampak Potensial Pandemi Covid-19 terhadap Demografi di Indonesia
Authors: Ridho Sari Lestari Zainal , Yusuf Syaiful Aqli
Published: January 2021

This study aims to observe and analyze the development of trend of COVID 19 and its potential impact on changes in population composition based on age structure in Indonesia. Using Covid-19 cases data obtained from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia and forecasting method by comparing several models, the study findings indicate that the trend shows increasing cases and will continue to rise as long as there is no intervention. Experimentally, the mortality cases dominated by the male and elderly population are the possible causes to the change in the composition of the population based on the age structure. Hence, it is necessary to immediately intervene it in the form of policies in health sector that are more appropriate to maintain the sustainability of Indonesia’s human resources since demographic dynamics, particularly in terms of sex, age structure, and health conditions, also have a significant macroeconomic implication.
‘Doing It for Life’ — On the Moral Evaluation of Chinese Trade in Eastern Mongolia
Authors:   Palacký University Olomouc (Křížkovského 511/8, CZ-779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic), Waters Hedwig Amelia
Published: January 2021

The study focuses on the informal resource trade between Mongolians living in the far eastern region of Mongolia on the border with China and Chinese citizens (Inner Mongolians and Han Chinese). The cross-border relations between these nations are understandably maintained because of the economic opportunities they provide to citizens on both sides of the border. The article is based on the results of fieldwork held in 2015–2017 in eastern Mongolia. Although all the Mongolians living on the border are involved in informal resource trade with Chinese citizens, they feel apprehension about the morality of these relationships. The moral evaluation and justification that the local Mongolians use to explain these economic interactions is built upon the important distinction between trade ‘for subsistence’ and trade ‘for profit’ where trade ‘for subsistence’ is considered largely moral, whereas trade ‘for profit’ is denigrated as ‘selfish’ behavior.
Функции змеи в обрядовом фольклоре монгольских народов
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Dampilova Liudmila S. , Sundueva Ekaterina V. ,   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Siberian Branch of the RAS
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In mythologies of the world, the image of the snake ranks among the most studied characters and has various interpretations. In folklore of Turko-Mongols, it has also been a subject of multiple analyses. Still, the article makes a first attempt at revealing the image of the snake as a taboo sacred character in ritual folklore of the Mongolic peoples. Goals. The paper primarily seeks to identify functions of the snake therein, delineate the symbolic framework, reveal positive and negative connotations. Materials and Methods. The main research method employed is that of comparative analysis instrumental in examining the image of the snake as a semiotic sign. Interdisciplinary analysis of ethnographic and folklore materials, as well as comparisons to Turkic ritual actions, expand the boundaries of identifying the semantics of the image. Results. The snake in shamanic mythology of the Mongolic peoples appears in the hypostasis of the otherworldly Spirit closely associated with the shaman. Images of snakes in cave drawings, petroglyphs, shamanic ongons (sanctuaries), and costumes emphasize their sacred function. In shamanic practice, a snake image can be used as a protective element in the form of a walking-stick or whip. Symbolically, a snake in the form of straps implies a connotation of the animal’s magical abilities. The role of a mediator between worlds allows the snake simultaneously performing the function of a protective force. Functions of the snake in rites are interchangeable and complement each other. Shamanic texts of the Mongolic peoples consistently mention the main function of the snake is that of a carrier between worlds, which is closely related to its transforming abilities. Conclusions. The study resumes the snake in shamanic ritual actions of the Mongolic peoples — with positive connotations — functions as an assistant, intermediary, carrier, and envoy from another world that provides communication between realms. It also reveals patterns of transcoding the snake image in different semiotic systems, interconnectedness and interchangeability of sacral reptile functions.
THE MODAL PARTICLE 吧 BA: EVOLUTION, FUNCTIONING PATTERNS AND BASIC MEANING
Authors:   Evgeniia V. Kravchenko Amur State University, Kravchenko Evgeniia V.
Published: January 2021

Many modal particles are a distinctive feature of the Chinese language. Grammar researchers pay considerable attention to the study and description of the main functions and meanings of modal particles, that present an important class of words in general grammatical structure of modern Chinese. Their use plays an significant role in terms of sentence intonation, they introduce additional shades of meaning, and can even change the meaning of the whole sentence. This article describes the history of development, features, functioning patterns, and the basic meanings of the modal particle 吧 ba that is characterized by a broad shere of use and diversity of functions and connotations. These issues are of great interest and relevance for Chinese-as-L2 learners, as well as for researchers of modern Chinese grammar.
ON CONSONANT DURATION IN СУ AND CCV SYLLABLES
Authors:   Tatiana V. Kachkovskaia Saint Petersburg State University, Kachkovskaia Tatiana V. , Nurislamova Maya A. ,   Maya A. Nurislamova Saint Petersburg State University
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we investigate two factors influencing consonant duration: phrase accent and syllable length (in segments). First, we performed a corpus-based analysis of consonant duration in stressed CV and CCV syllables in 3-syllable words using a 30-hour speech corpus. As a result, we have found the following tendencies: (1) consonants in CV syllables are longer than those in CCV syllables; (2) under phrase accent, consonants in CV and CCV syllables are lengthened; (3) the increase in consonant duration is higher for CCV syllables than for CV syllables. As a post hoc experiment, we recorded a set of phrases with target words Natasha (female name), zasada (=ambush) and zastava (=cordon) in neutral context and under contrastive stress. Then consonant duration in the stressed syllables /sa/, /ta/ и /sta/ was measured. The measurements supported the initial tendencies. In addition, we found out that under contrastive stress we may observe extra high consonant lengthening (over 50%).
THE MEANS TO CHARACTERIZE AND ASSESS A PERSON: EPITHETS AND COMPARISONS IN THE KHANTY LANGUAGE (COMPARED TO RUSSIAN)
Authors:   ANDREY D. KAKSIN Katanov Khakass State University, Kaksin Andrey D.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of comparative analysis of the lexical means used to characterize and assess a person in Khanty and Russian. The most common epithets (e.g. karkam - quick, ujaŋ - successful) as well as words and expressions that link personal traits to certain natural phenomena, plants and animals (e.g. vaś - harmonious, vuhsar iti uśmaraŋ_- cunning as a fox) are compared. The prevalence of particular ways to characterize and assess a person in colloquial Russian and Khanty is demonstrated. The obtained results enable to show that semantic changes and functioning of words in modern languages are determined rather by internal, purely language factors than external ones (including realities, people's history).
CITY PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES
Authors:   A.G. Shipilov Far Eastern Federal University, Shipilov A.G. , Titarenko T.A. ,   T.A .Titarenko Far Eastern Federal University
Published: January 2021

The article considers the problems of pedestrian communication in the city of Vladivostok. The review of domestic and foreign experience in the construction of pedestrian bridges. Conclusions are drawn of the main aesthetic, social, structural and artistic criteria for the quality of modern pedestrian bridges. In the part of the research results, the author's solution of the air pedestrian bridge in Vladivostok is given.
FEATURES OF TEACHING TYPOGRAPHY DESIGN STUDENTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE LAYOUT OF THE ALBUM OF GRAPHIC WORKS T.I. BERBASH «TRISTAN AND ISOLDE»)
Authors:   G.M. Koryakina Lipetsk State Pedagogical University Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, Koryakina G.M. , Bondarchuk S.A. ,   S.A. Bondarchuk Lipetsk State Pedagogical University Semenov-Tyan-Shansky
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the basic features and key points of teaching typography to design students on the example of the layout of a multi-page publication, which is an art album of graphic works by T. I. Berbes «Tristan and Isolde».
THE FORMATION OF THE DESING CULTURE OF A UNIVERSITY STUDENT IN THE PROCESS OF DESING ACTIVITY
Authors:   S.YU. SITNIKOVA Far Eastern State Transport University, SITNIKOVA S.YU. , PANACHEV K.A. ,   K.A. PANACHEV Far Eastern State Transport University, SAMODINA A.V. ,   A.V. SAMODINA Far Eastern State Transport University
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the problem of the formation of the design culture of a university student in conjunction with project activities. The urgency of the problem is determined by the analysis of the state of higher education in the preparation of students of construction specialties. The authors of the research of scientific views on the problems of design culture have proposed their own interpretation of this concept, which consists in the fact that the design culture of a student at a technical university is an integrative characteristic of a person that implies stable values, the ability to analyze and predict the design process, rationally solving professional problems.
Etnomatemática e Trabalho Colaborativo na Educação Inclusiva de Adultos no Contexto da Economia Solidária
Authors: Geromel Meneghetti Renata Cristina , De Oliveira Filho Edinei
Published: January 2021

Este artigo aborda atividades pedagógicas de Educação Matemática desenvolvidas no contexto de um Empreendimento Econômico Solidário (EES) que tem por finalidade a inserção de indivíduos com transtorno mental no mercado de trabalho. O objetivo desta investigação foi planejar e executar ações pedagógicas com base nos princípios da Etnomatemática e no trabalho colaborativo de Vygotsky, visando sanar dificuldades matemáticas advindas das demandas do processo produtivo deste empreendimento. A pesquisa seguiu uma abordagem predominantemente qualitativa pautada na metodologia de pesquisa-ação, a qual buscou promover a transformação social do grupo pesquisado pela solução de problemas inerentes às suas atividades. Como resultado observou-se que considerar a Etnomatemática deste EES favoreceu a compreensão e a valorização de práticas matemáticas e que o trabalho colaborativo desenvolvido auxiliou as discussões sobre procedimentos e conceitos matemáticos, fortalecendo principalmente o princípio da cooperação, que é um dos pilares da Economia Solidária.
Una aproximación al estudio del teorema de Pitágoras con estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Moreno Martínez Nehemías , Alvarado-García Marcelino , Angulo-Villanueva Rita Guadalupe , Briceño Solis Eduardo Carlos
Published: January 2021

Se describe una investigación cualitativa de caso, con un grupo de quince estudiantes de secundaria del estado de San Luis Potosí, México, acerca de una experiencia en aula donde se abordó una aproximación al estudio del teorema de Pitágoras, en la que se analizó la relación entre los lados de un triángulo rectángulo. Apoyados en la Socioepistemología, se diseñaron situaciones variacionales al adaptar al aula la elaboración y uso de las tolvas que se construyen en la industria de la Pailería. Las estrategias variacionales de comparación, seriación, predicción y estimación realizadas por los alumnos, sobre los datos que obtuvieron al medir los lados de un triángulo rectángulo visualizado al interior de las tolvas, les permitieron resignificar, en términos del almacenamiento y vaciado de material granulado de las tolvas, la relación matemática señalada por el teorema.
Vírus vêm em vão: uma alegoria da pan-escola que (não) virá
Authors: Miguel Antonio , Vianna Carlos Roberto
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo, desenvolve-se uma alegoria terapêutica em torno do problema da educação (matemática) escolar, lidando com ele como uma pandemia. O vírus mutante que a provoca causa vários sintomas vistos como crenças-imagens cristalizadas que se manifestam persistentemente desde o início dos processos modernos de escolarização: a febre disciplinar, que desfigurou e transformou práticas culturais em conteúdos verbais fixos; a febre epistêmico-mentalista, que transformou os jogos de linguagem entretecidos em formas praxiológicas de vida em saberes em si, independentes das linguagens e das gramáticas ético-políticas que as orientam, o que levou a uma distinção doentia entre saber-em-si e saber-fazer com os signos de uma linguagem; a ilusão de atemporalidade e o vício determinista, que impediram de se ver as práticas de se lidar com fenômenos considerados aleatórios como práticas matemáticas, e ambas como práticas que se constituem entretecidas em diferentes formas de vida, o que impediu a educação (matemática) escolar de problematizar diretamente – isto é, sem a mediação de óculos disciplinares – as práticas culturais que se realizam em diferentes formas de vida. Possíveis modos de se lidar com essa pandemia são pensados em um quadro pós-pandêmico imaginário em que a escola poderia se transformar em uma pancomunidade virtual voltada à problematização terapêutica de diferentes formas de vida e das práticas culturais que nelas se realizam, visando ao propósito de se formar guardiões de formas democráticas, solidárias, igualitárias e não-racistas de organização das vidas em diferentes formas de vida. Nessa pan-escola que (não) virá, a educação matemática desconstruída passa a ser vista como um conjunto de jogos de linguagem orientados por propósitos normativos, cujos efeitos e afetos nem sempre desejáveis e previsivelmente controláveis sobre as vidas e as formas de vida se abrem igualmente à problematização bioético-política.
Escravidäo como un etno para matemáticas no Brasil
Authors: Pinto Ellen de Cássia , Fernandes Filipe Santos
Published: January 2021

Diante da situação em que o mundo passou a vivenciar a partir da pandemia provocada pela Covid-19, naturalizou-se que este debate estivesse atrelado à Biologia, à Medicina, à Tecnologia, à Economia e, em menor grau, às Humanidades. Neste artigo, temos como intenção apresentar e discutir informações que indicam como a população negra, particularmente a população negra feminina, tende a suportar com maior prejudicialidade os efeitos da pandemia. Inicialmente, fizemos um levantamento de reportagens jornalísticas que circularam no país entre janeiro e maio de 2020 que traziam um recorte étnico-racial dos efeitos da pandemia. Em um segundo momento, e como principal objetivo, analisamos como as matemáticas presentes nessas reportagens fazem-nos refletir sobre o cenário histórico e atual de exploração e de extermínio da população negra no Brasil. Essa discussão nos permite situar o Etno da atualidade pandêmica brasileira, produtora de matemáticas, junto à escravidão, que torna a mulher negra mais vulnerável à contaminação pelo vírus pelos postos de trabalho que ocupa, seja como empregada doméstica da elite ou como funcionária do campo da saúde, particularmente das equipes de enfermagem. Por fim, propomos a emergência de um debate em Etnomatemática no contexto da desigualdade racial protagonizada por uma branquitude acrítica no mundo, reivindicando que o espaço científico-acadêmico, majoritariamente branco, assuma responsabilidades para a superação da invisibilização e da assimetria raciais nas pesquisas que promove.