bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel Fusarium wilt resistance genes uncovered in natural and cultivated strawberry populations are found on three non-homoeologous chromosomes
Authors: Pincot Dominique D. A. , Feldmann Mitchell J. , Hardigan Michael A. , Vachev Mishi V. , Henry Peter M. , Gordon Thomas R. , Bjornson Marta , Rodriguez Alan , Cobo Nicolas , Famula Randi A. , Cole Glenn S. , Coaker Gitta L. , Knapp Steven J.
Published: May 2022

Key Message

Several Fusarium wilt resistance genes were discovered, genetically and physically mapped, and rapidly deployed via marker-assisted selection to develop cultivars resistant toFusarium oxysporumf. sp.fragariae, a devastating soil-borne pathogen of strawberry.

Fusarium wilt, a soilborne disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae, poses a significant threat to strawberry (Fragaria$$\times$$
×
ananassa) production in many parts of the world. This pathogen causes wilting, collapse, and death in susceptible genotypes. We previously identified a dominant gene (FW1) on chromosome 2B that confers resistance to race 1 of the pathogen, and hypothesized that gene-for-gene resistance to Fusarium wilt was widespread in strawberry. To explore this, a genetically diverse collection of heirloom and modern cultivars and octoploid ecotypes were screened for resistance to Fusarium wilt races 1 and 2. Here, we show that resistance to both races is widespread in natural and domesticated populations and that resistance to race 1 is conferred by partially to completely dominant alleles among loci (FW1, FW2, FW3, FW4, and FW5) found on three non-homoeologous chromosomes (1A, 2B, and 6B). The underlying genes have not yet been cloned and functionally characterized; however, plausible candidates were identified that encode pattern recognition receptors or other proteins known to confer gene-for-gene resistance in plants. High-throughput genotyping assays for SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with FW1-FW5 were developed to facilitate marker-assisted selection and accelerate the development of race 1 resistant cultivars. This study laid the foundation for identifying the genes encoded by FW1-FW5, in addition to exploring the genetics of resistance to race 2 and other races of the pathogen, as a precaution to averting a Fusarium wilt pandemic.
Confidential and legal access to abortion and contraception in the USA, 1960–2020
Authors: Myers Caitlin Knowles
Published: May 2022

An expansive empirical literature estimates the causal effects of policies governing young women’s confidential and legal access to contraception and abortion. I present a new review of changes in the historical policy environment in the USA that serve as the foundation of this literature. I consult primary sources, including annotated statutes, judicial rulings, attorney general opinions, and advisory articles in medical journals, as well as secondary sources including newspaper articles and snapshots of various policy environments prepared by scholars, advocates, and government organizations. Based on this review, I provide a suggested coding of the policy environment over the past 60 years. I also present and compare the legal coding schemes used in the empirical literature and where possible I resolve numerous and substantial discrepancies.
Governance structures, cultural distance, and socialization dynamics: further challenges for the modern corporation
Authors: Cordes Christian , Müller Stephan , Schwesinger Georg , Lundan Sarianna M.
Published: May 2022

This paper relates cultural distance and governance structures. We suggest a model of cultural evolution that captures the idiosyncratic socialization dynamics taking place in groups of communicating and interacting agents. Based on these processes, cultural distance within and between groups or organizational units develops. Transaction cost theorists associate higher cultural distance with higher transaction costs. Therefore, one problem of economic organization is assessing alternative governance structures in terms of the socialization dynamics they enable that entail different intraorganizational transaction costs. Socialization governance structures that can be used to affect cultural distance among employees include shared social experiences in groups, the assignment of influential role models, group sizes, the recruitment of employees presocialized in certain ways, the recognition of specific cultural dimensions such as “individualism” or “collectivism”, and the implementation of cooperative cultures in business units. These yield organizations differential capacities to adapt internal structures in transaction cost-minimizing ways.
Improved Outcomes of Thermal Ablation for Colorectal Liver Metastases: A 10-Year Analysis from the Prospective Amsterdam CORE Registry (AmCORE)
Authors: Puijk Robbert S. , Dijkstra Madelon , van den Bemd Bente A. T. , Ruarus Alette H. , Nieuwenhuizen Sanne , Geboers Bart , Timmer Florentine E. F. , Schouten Evelien A. C. , de Vries Jan J. J. , van der Meijs Bram B. , Nielsen Karin , Swijnenburg Rutger-Jan , van den Tol M. Petrousjka , Versteeg Kathelijn S. , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit I. , Scheffer Hester J. , Meijerink Martijn R.
Published: May 2022

Background

To analyze long-term oncological outcomes of open and percutaneous thermal ablation in the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).

Methods

This assessment from a prospective, longitudinal tumor registry included 329 patients who underwent 541 procedures for 1350 CRLM from January 2010 to February 2021. Three cohorts were formed: 2010–2013 (129 procedures [53 percutaneous]), 2014–2017 (206 procedures [121 percutaneous]) and 2018–2021 (206 procedures [135 percutaneous]). Local tumor progression-free survival (LTPFS) and overall survival (OS) data were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Potential confounding factors were analyzed with uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses.

Results

LTPFS improved significantly over time for percutaneous ablations (2-year LTPFS 37.7% vs. 69.0% vs. 86.3%, respectively, P < .0001), while LTPFS for open ablations remained reasonably stable (2-year LTPFS 87.1% [2010–2013], vs. 92.7% [2014–2017] vs. 90.2% [2018–2021], P = .12). In the latter cohort (2018–2021), the open approach was no longer superior regarding LTPFS (P = .125). No differences between the three cohorts were found regarding OS (P = .088), length of hospital stay (open approach, P = .065; percutaneous approach, P = .054), and rate and severity of complications (P = .404). The rate and severity of complications favored the percutaneous approach in all three cohorts (P = .002).

Conclusion

Over the last 10 years efficacy of percutaneous ablations has improved remarkably for the treatment of CRLM. Oncological outcomes seem to have reached results following open ablation. Given its minimal invasive character and shorter length of hospital stay, whenever feasible, percutaneous procedures may be favored over an open approach.
The awareness of radiologists for the presence of lateral lymph nodes in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: a single-centre, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sluckin T. C. , Rooker Y. F. L. , Kol S. Q. , Hazen S. J. A. , Tuynman J. B. , Stoker J. , Tanis P. J. , Horsthuis K. , Kusters M.
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Enlarged lateral lymph nodes (LLNs) are associated with increased (lateral) local recurrence rates. Size and anatomical location should therefore always be reported by radiologists and discussed during multidisciplinary meetings. The objective was to investigate how often LLNs are mentioned in MRI reports in a tertiary referral centre.

Methods

A single - centre, retrospective study of 202 patients treated for primary rectal cancer between 2012 and 2020, with at least a T2 tumour located within 12cm of the anorectal junction. The radiology reports were written by 30–40 consultant radiologists. MRI scans were independently re-assessed by an expert radiologist. The primary outcome was how often the presence or absence of LLNs was mentioned in the initial report.

Results

Primary MRI reports explicitly mentioned the presence or absence of LLNs in 89 (44%) cases. Of the 43 reports with present LLNs, only one (1%) reported on all features such as size, location or malignant features. Expert review revealed 17 LLNs which were ≥ 7 mm (short-axis); two of these were not mentioned in the original reports. In 14/43 (33%) cases, LLNs were discussed during the primary multidisciplinary meeting, while 17/43 (40%) restaging MRI reports failed to report on the previously visible LLN. Reporting LLNs increased significantly with higher N-stage (p = .010) and over time (p = .042).

Conclusions

Though improving with time, there is still limited consistency in reporting LLNs. Only 44% of primary MRI reports mentioned LLNs and relevant features of those LLNs were seldomly reported. Given the importance of this information for subsequent treatment; increased awareness, proper training and the use of templates are needed.

Key Points

• Comprehensive reporting of lateral lymph nodes in primary MRI reports was limited to less than 50%.

• Lateral lymph nodes are not always discussed during primary multidisciplinary meetings or mentioned in restaging reports.

• Improvements in the awareness and knowledge of lateral lymph nodes are needed to ensure adequate multidisciplinary treatment decisions.
Developments in the study of volcanic and igneous plumbing systems: outstanding problems and new opportunities
Authors: Burchardt Steffi , Annen Catherine J. , Kavanagh Janine L. , Hilmi Hazim Suraya
Published: May 2022

Prior to and during eruptions, magma is stored and transported within volcanic and igneous plumbing systems (VIPS) that comprise a network of magma reservoirs and sheet intrusions. The study of these VIPS requires the combination of knowledge from the fields of igneous petrology, geochemistry, thermodynamic modelling, structural geology, volcano geodesy, and geophysics, which express the physical, chemical, and thermal complexity of the processes involved, and how these processes change spatially and temporally. In this contribution, we review the development of the discipline of plumbing system studies in the past two decades considering three angles: (1) the conceptual models of VIPS and paradigm changes, (2) methodological advances, and (3) the diversity of the scientific community involved in VIPS research. We also discuss future opportunities and challenges related to these three topics.
Effects of temperature on the movement and feeding behaviour of the large lupine beetle, Sitona gressorius
Authors: Hannigan Sara , Nendel Claas , Krull Marcos
Published: May 2022

Even though the effects of insect pests on global agricultural productivity are well recognised, little is known about movement and dispersal of many species, especially in the context of global warming. This work evaluates how temperature and light conditions affect different movement metrics and the feeding rate of the large lupine beetle, an agricultural pest responsible for widespread damage in leguminous crops. By using video recordings, the movement of 384 beetles was digitally analysed under six different temperatures and light conditions in the laboratory. Bayesian linear mixed-effect models were used to analyse the data. Furthermore, the effects of temperature on the daily diffusion coefficient of beetles were estimated by using hidden Markov models and random walk simulations. Results of this work show that temperature, light conditions, and beetles’ weight were the main factors affecting the flight probability, displacement, time being active and the speed of beetles. Significant variations were also observed in all evaluated metrics. On average, beetles exposed to light conditions and higher temperatures had higher mean speed and flight probability. However, beetles tended to stay more active at higher temperatures and less active at intermediate temperatures, around 20 °C. Therefore, both the diffusion coefficient and displacement of beetles were lower at intermediate temperatures. These results show that the movement behaviour and feeding rates of beetles can present different relationships in the function of temperature. It also shows that using a single diffusion coefficient for insects in spatially explicit models may lead to over- or underestimation of pest spread.
The effect of mindfulness training on resting-state networks in pre-adolescent children with sub-clinical anxiety related attention impairments
Authors: Kennedy Michelle , Mohamed Abdalla Z. , Schwenn Paul , Beaudequin Denise , Shan Zack , Hermens Daniel F. , Lagopoulos Jim
Published: May 2022

Mindfulness training has been associated with improved attention and affect regulation in preadolescent children with anxiety related attention impairments, however little is known about the underlying neurobiology. This study sought to investigate the impact of mindfulness training on functional connectivity of attention and limbic brain networks in pre-adolescents. A total of 47 children with anxiety and/or attention issues (aged 9-11 years) participated in a 10-week mindfulness intervention. Anxiety and attention measures and resting-state fMRI were completed at pre- and post-intervention. Sustained attention was measured using the Conners Continuous Performance Test, while the anxiety levels were measured using the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale. Functional networks were estimated using independent-component analysis, and voxel-based analysis was used to determine the difference between the time-points to identify the effect of the intervention on the functional connectivity. There was a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms and improvement in attention scores following the intervention. From a network perspective, the results showed increased functional connectivity post intervention in the salience and fronto-parietal networks as well as the medial-inferior temporal component of the default mode network. Positive correlations were identified in the fronto-parietal network with Hit Response Time and the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale total and between the default mode network and Hit Response Time. A 10-week mindfulness intervention in children was associated with a reduction in anxiety related attention impairments, which corresponded with concomitant changes in functional connectivity.
Verschwörungsdenken, Wahn und Virtualität
Authors: Fuchs Thomas
Published: May 2022

„Nichts ist, wie es scheint“, „nichts geschieht zufällig“, und „alles ist miteinander verbunden“ – diese drei Grundannahmen charakterisieren Verschwörungstheorien unterschiedlicher Provenienz. Damit zeigen sie eine deutliche Parallelität zur Struktur von paranoidem Bedeutungserleben und Wahn. Dem stehen jedoch wichtige Unterschiede gegenüber, etwa die Bildung ausgedehnter Gruppen von Verschwörungsgläubigen, denen keine paranoiden „Wahngemeinschaften“ entsprechen. Der Aufsatz untersucht zunächst beide Phänomene vergleichend und wendet sich dann der Frage zu, wie die Virtualisierung der Kommunikation in den sozialen Medien die Bildung von verschwörungstheoretischen Gemeinschaften begünstigt.
Ohne geht’s nicht mehr
Authors: Iser Angelika
Published: May 2022

Seit 2008 gibt es an der Fakultät für angewandte Sozialwissenschaften der Hochschule München ein Peer-Coaching-Angebot von Studierenden für Studierende im Bachelorstudiengang Soziale Arbeit. Im Lauf der Zeit hat es sich ausgeweitet und bewährt, gerade auch in den Pandemie-Semestern. Der Beitrag blickt zurück auf die Entwicklung des Angebots seit seiner Einführung und schlussfolgert, dass es künftig weiter ausgebaut und sich spätestens 2035 als feste Größe im Studium der Hochschule München etabliert haben wird.
The role of parenting behavior’s on the intergenerational covariation of grit
Authors: Fernández-Martín Francisco D. , Arco-Tirado José L. , Mitrea Elena-Cristina , Littvay Levente
Published: May 2022

This study evaluates parental grit’s covariation with offspring grit and the moderating role of different parenting behaviors using an 11-country study of young adults between the ages of 18 and 35 (n = 20,008) and their parents (n = 5945). Results show that parental grit is associated with offspring’s grit with moderation of parenting present across the models presented. The study also highlights the direct association of various parenting dimensions with grit, especially the positive relation of parental control. These results have important implications for understanding young people’s grit development and learning mechanisms. Findings can serve as foundations for effective intervention programs and practices in this field designed to improve enthusiasm, interest, capacity for hard work, engagement, and motivation in the long run.
Social Economic Benefits of an Underground Heritage: Measuring Willingness to Pay for Karst Caves in Italy
Authors: Benedetto G. , Madau F. A. , Carzedda M. , Marangon F. , Troiano S.
Published: May 2022

Karst caves are widespread in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean area. Besides their purely environmental functions, they often are important tourist destinations and contribute to the so-called identity amenities or landscape beauties of a territory. In spite of their interest and tourism potential, economists have paid little attention to karst caves and their economic value. In this paper, the contingent valuation method (CVM) was applied to investigate tourists’ preferences and estimate the monetary value attributed to karst caves, and in particular to the Pradis Caves, Friuli Venezia Giulia region (Italy). 540 visitors of the area took part in a face-to-face contingent valuation survey. Mean willingness-to-pay was equal to € 5.37. When scaled up to the population, gross social benefit was estimated in about € 23 K/year. Findings suggest that the karst cave value could have a significant impact on the social welfare gains or losses, and inform the karst cave-use management debate concerning the trade-offs of developing tourism activities. The estimated values allow institutional decision makers to identify the volume of financial resources to be put into play for interventions aimed at protection and conservation of this environmental asset.
Log Fano blowups of mixed products of projective spaces and their effective cones
Authors: Grange Tim , Postinghel Elisa , Prendergast-Smith Artie
Published: May 2022

We compute the cones of effective divisors on blowups of $$\mathbb P^1 \times \mathbb P^2$$

P
1

×

P
2

and $$\mathbb P^1 \times \mathbb P^3$$

P
1

×

P
3

in up to 6 points. We also show that all these varieties are log Fano, giving a conceptual explanation for the fact that all the cones we compute are rational polyhedral.
Applied Behavior Analysis in Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gitimoghaddam Mojgan , Chichkine Natalia , McArthur Laura , Sangha Sarabjit S. , Symington Vivien
Published: May 2022

This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of applied behavior analysis (ABA) on children and youth with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Seven online databases and identified systematic reviews were searched for published, peer-reviewed, English-language studies examining the impact of ABA on health outcomes. Measured outcomes were classified into eight categories: cognitive, language, social/communication, problem behavior, adaptive behavior, emotional, autism symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) outcomes. Improvements were observed across seven of the eight outcome measures. There were no included studies that measured subject QoL. Moreover, of 770 included study records, only 32 (4%) assessed ABA impact, had a comparison to a control or other intervention, and did not rely on mastery of specific skills to mark improvement. Results reinforce the need for large-scale prospective studies that compare ABA with other non-ABA interventions and include measurements of subject QoL to provide policy makers with valuable information on the impacts of ABA and other existing and emerging interventions.
Schamhafte und schamlose Armut bei Ulrich Bräker
Authors: Widder Roman
Published: May 2022

Der Aufsatz untersucht das Verhältnis von Scham und Armut im Werk Ulrich Bräkers: Die Lebensgeschichte und Natürliche Ebentheuer des Armen Mannes im Tockenburg (1789) ist an der Vorbildlichkeit schamhafter Armut orientiert, ringt jedoch mit der paradoxen Notwendigkeit der schamlosen Inszenierung schamhafter Armut. Die Rede über den Gassenbettel (1790) zeichnet sich demgegenüber durch experimentelle Strategien der Beschämung des Publikums mithilfe einer Rhetorik der Evidenz und der Zeugenschaft aus. Die in Bräkers Tagebüchern enthaltene Jauss-Novelle (1789) schließlich, die hier erstmals einer genaueren Betrachtung unterzogen wird, kreist um eine Figur schamloser Armut und sexueller Ausschweifung. Dass die in ihrer obszönen Explizitheit erstaunliche Jauss-Novelle nie vollständig und im Zusammenhang als literarisches Werk publiziert wurde, führt vor Augen, dass Scham eine Schlüsselfunktion für die Selektionsmechanismen des literarischen Betriebs besitzt.
Systemic response to Fusarium graminearum and culmorum inoculations: changes in detoxification of flag leaves in wheat
Authors: Gallé Ágnes , Pelsőczi Alina , Benyó Dániel , Podmaniczki Anna , Szabó-Hevér Ágnes , Poór Péter , Tóth Beáta , Horváth Edit , Erdei László , Csiszár Jolán
Published: May 2022

Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum cause the most widespread wheat disease Fusarium head blight (FHB). The present study describes that the Fusarium inoculation of the wheat spikes caused systemic changes in the key elements of the antioxidant/detoxification defence system in the flag leaf during the grain filling period in wheat lines differing in biotic stress susceptibility to explore changes in some components of the response. According to our data, the inoculation with both F. graminearum and F. culmorum at the anthesis changed significantly the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) enzymes, as well as the glutathione transferase (GST) activity in the flag leaves of the selected wheat lines approx. two weeks later after the infection. In silico approach supported the expressional up-regulation of various GST genes upon Fusarium infection. Based on our results, GST sequences TaGSTF26 and TaGSTU120 were among the series of important stress response genes, which were transcriptionally up-regulated, thus possibly playing a role in the systemic response to Fusarium infection, where TaGSTF26 might have an important role in the successful defence. These GSTs can serve as effective markers of the detoxification process for breeders and plant protection in the future.
Human Myometrial and Uterine Fibroid Stem Cell-Derived Organoids for Intervening the Pathophysiology of Uterine Fibroid
Authors: Banerjee Saswati , Xu Wei , Chowdhury Indrajit , Driss Adel , Ali Mohamed , Yang Qiwei , Al-Hendy Ayman , Thompson Winston E.
Published: May 2022

Uterine fibroids (UFs) (leiomyomas or myomas) are the most common clonal neoplasms of the uterus in women of reproductive age worldwide. UFs originate from myometrium consist of smooth muscle and fibroblast components, in addition to a substantial amount of fibrous extracellular matrix which all contribute to the pathogenetic process. Current treatments are primarily limited to surgical and interventional. Here, we have established a novel and promising organoid model from both normal and patient myometrial stem cells (MMSCs). MMSCs embedded in Matrigel in stem cell media swiftly formed organoids which successfully proliferate and self-organized into complex structures developing a sustainable organoid culture that maintain their capacity to differentiate into the different cell types recapitulating their tissue of origin and shows responsiveness to the reproductive hormones (estrogen and progesterone). Gene expression analysis and structural features indicated the early onset of uterine fibrosis led to the accumulation of extracellular matrix suggesting the potential use of this model in better understanding of the pathophysiology associated with UFs and inventing novel therapeutics for the treatment of UFs.
A framework for assessing AI ethics with applications to cybersecurity
Authors: Bruschi Danilo , Diomede Nicla
Published: May 2022

In the last few years many scholars, public and private organizations have been involved in the definition of guidelines and frameworks for individuating the principles to adopt in the development and deployment of AI systems. Some authors, however, noted that the effectiveness of these guidelines or ethical codes on the developer’s community is very marginal. One of the obstacles that opposes to the effective implementation of ethical principles is the lack of an approach for solving tensions which arise when principles are applied. A possible solution to such an issue could be the adoption of a risk-based approach which is also advocated by many sources. To our knowledge, no concrete proposals have been presented in literature on how to perform a risk-based ethical assessment. In this paper we contribute to close this gap by introducing a framework based on a qualitative risk analysis approach for assessing the ethical impact underneath the introduction of an innovation either technological or organizational in a system. We will also show how the framework can be used for individuating suitable safeguards to adopt for balancing potential ethical infringements that the innovation may entail once implemented. Some case studies in the cybersecurity context are also described for showing the effectiveness of our approach.
Meaningful human control of drones: exploring human–machine teaming, informed by four different ethical perspectives
Authors: Steen Marc , van Diggelen Jurriaan , Timan Tjerk , van der Stap Nanda
Published: May 2022

A human-centric approach to the design and deployment of AI systems aims to support and augment human capabilities. This sounds worthwhile indeed. But what could this look like in a military context? We explored a human-centric approach to the design and deployment of highly autonomous, unarmed Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), or drone, and an associated Decision Support System (DSS), for the drone’s operator. We explore how Human–Machine Teaming, through such a DSS, can promote Meaningful Human Control of the drone. We use four different ethical perspectives—utilitarianism, deontology, relational ethics and virtue ethics—to discuss different ways to design and deploy the drones and the DSS. Our aim is to explore ways to support and augment the operators’ capabilities.
How and Why Do Judges Cite Academics? Evidence from the Singapore High Court
Authors: SOH Jerrold Tsin Howe , GOH Yihan
Published: May 2022

Legal academics were once thought to be parasitic on the work of judges, so much so that citing academic work was said to weaken a judgment's authority. Recent times have however seen prominent academics appointed to the highest courts, and judicial engagement with academic materials appears to have increased. In this light, this article empirically studies academic citation practices in the Singapore High Court. Using a dataset of 2,772 first-instance High Court judgments, we show that citation counts have indeed increased over time. This increase was distributed across most legal areas, and was not limited to, though more pronounced in, judgments authored by judges with post-graduate law degrees. Books, not journal articles, have consistently accounted for the bulk of the court's citations. The study sheds new statistical light on the evolving relationship between judges and academics, particularly in the context of an Asian, first-instance court.
Is Postoperative Radiotherapy Needed in the Management of Adult Craniopharyngiomas?
Authors: Khriguian Julia , Tolba Marwan , Khosrow-Khavar Farzin , Kordlouie Sarah , Guiot Marie-Christine , Abdulkarim Bassam , Shenouda George , Sirhan Denis , Souhami Luis , Panet-Raymond Valerie
Published: May 2022

Background:

The optimal treatment of adult craniopharyngioma (CP) remains controversial. Although benign, these tumors tend to recur locally. The choice between gross total resection (GTR) versus subtotal resection (STR) with adjuvant or delayed radiotherapy (RT) is debated. The objective of this study is to review our experience with adult CPs over a 20-year period and identify an optimal management strategy.

Methods:

From 1999 to 2020, we reviewed all patients diagnosed with CP at our institution. We collected data regarding tumor characteristics, treatments, and toxicity. Disease progression was defined as growth on imaging. Descriptive statistics were used to assess patient characteristics. The Kaplan Meier method was used to assess progression-free survival (PFS) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) from the time since treatment initiation.

Results:

Twenty-four patients with a median age of 50 were included in this study. The median follow-up was 85 months. Seven patients had initial GTR, 10 STR, and 7 STR + RT. The overall 5-year PFS was 56% (95% CI: 38–83%): 100% in the STR + RT group, 69% in the GTR group, and 18% in the STR group (p = 0.01). Of the 17 patients initially treated with surgery alone, 3 with GTR and 6 with STR required salvage RT at a median of 46 months, with no further progression after salvage RT.

Conclusions:

Our study underscores the importance of RT for local control and suggests that STR + RT should be considered a viable option in the management of these tumors as it may be associated with improved PFS compared to surgery alone.
Bolgiano–Obukhov scaling in two-dimensional isotropic convection
Authors: Xie Jin-Han , Huang Shi-Di
Published: May 2022

The existence of Bolgiano–Obukhov (BO) scaling in Rayleigh–Bénard convection (RBC) has long been speculated. However, due to the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the flow, and the lack of clear scale separation, no conclusive evidence has been found. To avoid these non-ideal factors, we construct an idealized isotropic convection system by introducing an additional horizontal buoyancy field to RBC in a doubly periodic domain. We focus on the two-dimensional case so that its upscale kinetic energy flux can enable a long inertial range for detecting the BO scaling. Through direct numerical simulations of this system, we justify the existence of BO scaling using second- and third-order structure functions, which are in good agreement with our theoretically obtained scaling relations from the Kármán–Howarth–Monin equations. These theoretical and numerical results provide direct support for the conjecture that the existence of the BO scaling in RBC is associated with the inverse kinetic energy cascade. For higher-order structure functions, we found strong intermittent effects in the buoyancy field, but not in the velocity. By comparing the present system with the canonical anisotropic RBC in a periodic domain, the effects of anisotropy on the scaling properties are elucidated.
CELLULAR CATEGORIES AND STABLE INDEPENDENCE
Authors: LIEBERMAN MICHAEL , ROSICKÝ JIŘÍ , VASEY SEBASTIEN
Published: May 2022

We exhibit a bridge between the theory of cellular categories, used in algebraic topology and homological algebra, and the model-theoretic notion of stable independence. Roughly speaking, we show that the combinatorial cellular categories (those where, in a precise sense, the cellular morphisms are generated by a set) are exactly those that give rise to stable independence notions. We give two applications: on the one hand, we show that the abstract elementary classes of roots of Ext studied by Baldwin–Eklof–Trlifaj are stable and tame. On the other hand, we give a simpler proof (in a special case) that combinatorial categories are closed under 2-limits, a theorem of Makkai and Rosický.
Shrine and Idol Destruction in Three Carolingian Hagiographic Texts
Authors: APPLEBY DAVID
Published: May 2022

Examination of shrine and idol destruction stories included in three hagiographic texts rewritten by élite Carolingian authors shows that this thematic element may illuminate the concerns and horizon of expectation of the revisers. Destruction episodes contributed to stories of eponymous heroes that shaped the heritage and identity of monastic communities, and even seemed worth projecting into the ancient Christian past. In the absence of uniform disciplinary and doctrinal guidance regarding relics, stories of the destruction of unholy matter may also have delineated the boundary separating legitimate from illegitimate devotional objects and practices.
Quail egg homogenate with zinc as adjunctive therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Andaloro C , Saibene A M , La Mantia I
Published: May 2022

Objective

Because most available treatments for managing seasonal allergic rhinitis show some side effects without reducing recurrence, natural anti-allergic products could represent an interesting treatment addition. This study aimed to analyse the efficacy and tolerance of quail egg as adjunctive therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Method

In a Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials compliant framework, patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were prospectively randomised to receive mometasone nasal spray for four weeks or the same topical corticosteroid therapy plus commercially available oral quail egg and zinc tablets.

Results

Forty patients were enrolled. The mometasone + quail egg and zinc tablets group showed a greater reduction in nasal itching, sneezing and total nasal symptom scores than the mometasone nasal spray only group. A higher proportion of participants in the mometasone + quail egg and zinc tablets group had good rhinitis control than in the mometasone nasal spray only group, with no need for rescue medications.

Conclusion

Despite the need for a further larger study, quail egg preliminarily appears to be an effective adjunct to topical steroid therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Brahman wives and pedagogies of conscience in mid-nineteenth century British India
Authors: Koven Seth
Published: May 2022

This article argues that fromcirca1845–1857, British colonial officials and administrators, abetted by Protestant missionaries and some so-called ‘native Christians’, attempted to replace Brahmanical regulation of everyday life with what I am calling ‘governance by conscience’ in British India. It uses the 1851 legal ruling inNarayen Ramchundur versus Luxmeebae, hailed by some for bringing ‘liberty of conscience’ and condemned by others as a wanton violation of Hindu personal law, to elucidate the connections between the Caste Disabilities Removal Act of 1850 (Act XXI) and education. My analysis highlights the centrality of Brahman wives and gender to debates about conscience, caste, property, and Christian conversion. During the violent summer of 1857, some condemned the Act and its use in deciding the case ofNarayen Ramchundur versus Luxmeebaeas provocation for the traumatic disorders then threatening to dismantle Britain's Indian empire.
Elephant ivory, rhino horn, pangolin and helmeted hornbill products for sale at the Myanmar–Thailand–China border
Authors: Vigne Lucy , Nijman Vincent
Published: May 2022

While many species are affected by trafficking in their products, some take centre stage, including elephants, rhinos, pangolins and helmeted hornbills, and we report an open trade that continued in these items in eastern Myanmar between 2015 and 2020. We surveyed Myanmar’s border towns of Tachilek and Mong La, recording volumes, prices, origins and trade routes. We observed c. 16 500 ivory items, 8 helmeted hornbill casques and 264 beads, over 100 African rhino horn items and over 250 pangolins (mainly skins and scales). In 2020, asking prices in Mong La for rhino horn tips were US$10 770, rhino horn bracelets US$5385, helmeted hornbill casques US$2424 and big ivory bangles c. US$800, with prices being stable overall since 2017. We estimate the combined monetary values at US$0.25–0.30 million for Tachilek and US$0.75–2.00 million for Mong La. Mong La’s market today far surpasses Tachilek’s, being on the border of mainland China. Mobile phones and online trading allow customers to order items without bothering to cross the borders. Commitment to address the illegal wildlife trade across Myanmar’s borders requires a greater degree of cooperation and coordination amongst the relevant authorities in Myanmar, China and Thailand.
Infradiaphragmatic partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection in adulthood. Considerations for management: a single centre experience
Authors: Cavalla Francesca , Nuri Halkawt A. , Pomè Giuseppe , Cipriani Adriano
Published: May 2022

Background and objectives:

Infradiaphragmatic partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection is occasionally diagnosed in adulthood. Management of infradiaphragmatic PAPVC depends on anatomy and clinical presentation.

Methods:

Over a 10-year period, we observed seven adult patients (median age 29 years) with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. We classified our patients in two groups. Group I: isolated partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection from one pulmonary lobe to the inferior vena cava, three patients. Group II: partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection of the entire right lung to IVC, four patients.

Results:

The mean term follow-up was 5.4 years. Patients in Group I have been managed conservatively, as they were asymptomatic, without a significant shunt. Patients in Group II were surgically corrected using long right intra-atrial baffles. After 6 months of follow-up, the first two cases were diagnosed with complete tunnel thrombosis and loss of right lung function. Oral anticoagulation failed to recanalize the tunnel. Considering this serious complication, the other two patients were empirically and preventively treated with anticoagulation after surgery, with good outcome on long-term follow-up.

Conclusions:

Conservative management should be considered for asymptomatic patients, without a significant shunt. Surgical treatment of infradiaphragmatic partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection of the entire right lung in inferior vena cava is challenging. Slow blood flow inside the long intra-atrial baffles inclines to thrombosis and occlusion, as we observed in two cases. Therefore, oral anticoagulation should be considered for long baffles with slow blood flow.
Neighbourhood walkability and dietary attributes: effect modification by area-level socio-economic status
Authors: Chandrabose Manoj , Cao Yingting (Tina) , Hadgraft Nyssa , Higgs Carl , Shuvo Faysal , Dunstan David W , Owen Neville , Sugiyama Takemi
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Higher neighbourhood walkability would be expected to contribute to better health, but the relevant evidence is inconsistent. This may be because residents’ dietary attributes, which vary with socio-economic status (SES) and influence their health, can be related to walkability. We examined associations of walkability with dietary attributes and potential effect modification by area-level SES.

Design:

The exposure variable of this cross-sectional study was neighbourhood walkability, calculated using residential density, intersection density and destination density within 1-km street-network buffer around each participant’s residence. The outcome variables were dietary patterns (Western, prudent and mixed) and total dietary energy intake, derived from a FFQ. Main and interaction effects with area-level SES were estimated using two-level linear regression models.

Setting:

Participants were from all states and territories in Australia.

Participants:

The analytical sample included 3590 participants (54 % women, age range 34 to 86).

Results:

Walkability was not associated with dietary attributes in the whole sample. However, we found interaction effects of walkability and area-level SES on Western diet scores (P < 0·001) and total energy intake (P = 0·012). In low SES areas, higher walkability was associated with higher Western dietary patterns (P = 0·062) and higher total energy intake (P = 0·066). In high SES areas, higher walkability was associated with lower Western diet scores (P = 0·021) and lower total energy intake (P = 0·058).

Conclusions:

Higher walkability may not be necessarily conducive to better health in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Public health initiatives to enhance neighbourhood walkability need to consider food environments and socio-economic contexts.
Flies, tigers, and the leviathan: anti-corruption campaigns and popular political support in China
Authors: Huhe Narisong , Chen Jie , Chen Yongguo
Published: May 2022

To bolster its legitimacy, China's authoritarian regime has launched numerous anticorruption campaigns. Many of these anticorruption campaigns seemed tainted by intra-elite competition and only effective at deterring low- and mid-level cadres (i.e., ‘flies’). Yet, Xi's campaign differs notably from previous ones in his targeting of senior officials (i.e., ‘tigers’) and introduction of institutional changes. By integrating anti-corruption data with three waves of nationwide surveys conducted in 36 major cities in China (2011, 2012, and 2015), we explore and compare the impacts of anti-corruption campaigns on popular political support under Hu and Xi. Our analysis shows that the overall popular support has declined steadily overtime, despite the positive effects of Xi's anti-corruption campaign. Specifically, ordinary Chinese did react positively to Xi's anticorruption campaign. Xi's campaign, particularly his crackdown on ‘tigers,’ increased people's trust in the central government. However, the campaign fell short in restoring the decline of central and local government legitimacy.
Communicating is analogous to caring: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of the patient–clinician communication experiences of individuals with ovarian cancer
Authors: Pozzar Rachel A. , Berry Donna L.
Published: May 2022

Objective

To systematically review and synthesize the patient–clinician communication experiences of individuals with ovarian cancer.

Methods

The CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases were reviewed for articles that described (a) original qualitative or mixed methods research, (b) the experiences of individuals with ovarian cancer, and (c) findings related to patient–clinician communication. Relevant data were extracted from study results sections, then coded for descriptive and analytical themes in accordance with Thomas and Harden's approach to thematic synthesis. Data were coded by two authors and discrepancies were resolved through discussion.

Results

Of 1,390 unique articles, 65 met criteria for inclusion. Four descriptive themes captured participants’ experiences communicating with clinicians: respecting me, seeing me, supporting me, and advocating for myself. Findings were synthesized into three analytical themes: communication is analogous to caring, communication is essential to personalized care, and communication may mitigate or exacerbate the burden of illness.

Significance of results

Patient–clinician communication is a process by which individuals with ovarian cancer may engage in self-advocacy and appraise the extent to which they are seen, respected, and supported by clinicians. Strategies to enhance patient–clinician communication in the ovarian cancer care setting may promote patient perceptions of patient-centered care.
Availability of vitamin B12 and its lower ligand intermediate α-ribazole impact prokaryotic and protist communities in oceanic systems
Authors: Wienhausen Gerrit , Dlugosch Leon , Jarling René , Wilkes Heinz , Giebel Helge-A , Simon Meinhard
Published: May 2022

Genome analyses predict that the cofactor cobalamin (vitamin B12, called B12 herein) is produced by only one-third of all prokaryotes but almost all encode at least one B12-dependent enzyme, in most cases methionine synthase. This implies that the majority of prokaryotes relies on exogenous B12 supply and interacts with producers. B12 consists of a corrin ring centred around a cobalt ion and the lower ligand 5’6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB). It has never been tested whether availability of this pivotal cofactor, DMB or its intermediate α-ribazole affect growth and composition of prokaryotic microbial communities. Here we show that in the subtropical, equatorial and polar frontal Pacific Ocean supply of B12 and α-ribazole enhances heterotrophic prokaryotic production and alters the composition of prokaryotic and heterotrophic protist communities. In the polar frontal Pacific, the SAR11 clade and Oceanospirillales increased their relative abundances upon B12 supply. In the subtropical Pacific, Oceanospirillales increased their relative abundance upon B12 supply as well but also downregulated the transcription of the btuB gene, encoding the outer membrane permease for B12. Surprisingly, Prochlorococcus, known to produce pseudo-B12 and not B12, exhibited significant upregulation of genes encoding key proteins of photosystem I + II, carbon fixation and nitrate reduction upon B12 supply in the subtropical Pacific. These findings show that availability of B12 and α-ribazole affect growth and composition of prokaryotic and protist communities in oceanic systems thus revealing far-reaching consequences of methionine biosynthesis and other B12-dependent enzymatic reactions on a community level.
Variation in depressive symptom trajectories in a large sample of couples
Authors: Csajbók Zsófia , Štěrbová Zuzana , Jonason Peter K. , Cermakova Pavla , Dóka Ádám , Havlíček Jan
Published: May 2022

The occurrence of depression is influenced by social relationships, however, most studies focus on individuals, not couples. We aimed to study how depressive symptoms of couples evolve over time and determine, which characteristics are associated with their distinct trajectories. A multi-centric cohort sample of 11,136 heterosexual couples (mean age = 60.76) from 16 European countries was followed for up to 12 years (SHARE study). Information on depressive symptoms measured by EURO-D scale was collected every 2 years. Dyadic growth mixture modeling extracted four distinct classes of couples: both non-depressed (76.91%); only women having consistently high depressive symptoms while men having consistently low depressive symptoms (8.08%); both having increasing depressive symptoms (7.83%); and both having decreasing depressive symptoms (7.18%). Couples with increasing depressive symptoms had the highest prevalence of relationship dissolution and bereavement. In comparison to the nondepressed class, individuals with any depressive symptoms were less psychologically and physically well. Our results suggest that distinct mechanisms are responsible for couples’ various longitudinal trajectories of depressive symptoms.