bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kuiper Belt–like Hot and Cold Populations of Planetesimal Inclinations in the β Pictoris Belt Revealed by ALMA
Authors: Matrà L. , Wyatt M. C. , Wilner D. J. , Dent W. R. F. , Marino S. , Kennedy G. M. , Milli J.
Published: March 2019

The inclination distribution of the Kuiper Belt provides unique constraints on its origin and dynamical evolution, motivating vertically resolved observations of extrasolar planetesimal belts. We present ALMA observations of millimeter emission in the near edge-on planetesimal belt around β Pictoris, finding that the vertical distribution is significantly better described by the sum of two Gaussians compared to a single Gaussian. This indicates that, as for the Kuiper Belt, the inclination distribution of β Pic’s belt is better described by the sum of dynamically hot and cold populations, rather than a single component. The hot and cold populations have rms inclinations of

and

degrees. We also report that an axisymmetric belt model provides a good fit to new and archival ALMA visibilities, and confirm that the midplane is misaligned with respect to β Pic b’s orbital plane. However, we find no significant evidence for either the inner disk tilt observed in scattered light and CO emission or the southwest/northeast asymmetry previously reported for millimeter emission. Finally, we consider the origin of the belt’s inclination distribution. Secular perturbations from β Pic b are unlikely to provide sufficient dynamical heating to explain the hot population throughout the belt’s radial extent, and viscous stirring from large bodies within the belt alone cannot reproduce the two populations observed. This argues for an alternative or additional scenario, such as planetesimal being born with high inclinations, or the presence of a “β Pic c” planet, potentially migrating outward near the belt’s inner edge.
The Orbital Parameters of the Eclipsing High-mass X-Ray Binary Pulsar IGR J16493–4348 from Pulsar Timing
Authors: Pearlman Aaron B. , Coley Joel B. , Corbet Robin H. D. , Pottschmidt Katja
Published: March 2019

IGR J16493–4348 is an eclipsing supergiant high-mass X-ray binary (sgHMXB), where accretion onto the compact object occurs via the radially outflowing stellar wind of its early B-type companion. We present an analysis of the system’s X-ray variability and periodic modulation using pointed observations (2.5–25 keV) and Galactic bulge scans (2–10 keV) from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) Proportional Counter Array (PCA), along with Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) 70-month snapshot (14–195 keV) and transient monitor (15–50 keV) observations. The orbital eclipse profiles from the PCA scan and BAT light curves are modeled using asymmetric and symmetric step and ramp functions. We obtain an improved orbital period measurement of 6.7828 ± 0.0004 days from an observed minus calculated (O–C) analysis of mid-eclipse times derived from the BAT transient monitor and PCA scan data. No evidence is found for the presence of a strong photoionization or accretion wake. We refine the superorbital period to 20.067 ± 0.009 days from the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the BAT transient monitor light curve. A pulse period of 1093.1036 ± 0.0004 s is measured from a pulsar timing analysis using pointed PCA observations spanning ∼1.4 binary orbits. We present pulse times of arrival (ToAs), circular and eccentric timing models, and calculations of the system’s Keplerian binary orbital parameters. We derive an X-ray mass function of

M
⊙ and find a spectral type of B0.5 Ia for the supergiant companion through constraints on the mass and radius of the donor. Measurements of the eclipse half-angle and additional parameters describing the system geometry are provided.
The Star Clusters That Make Black Hole Binaries across Cosmic Time
Authors: Choksi Nick , Volonteri Marta , Colpi Monica , Gnedin Oleg Y. , Li Hui
Published: March 2019

We explore the properties of dense star clusters that are likely to be nurseries of stellar black holes pairing in close binaries. We combine a cosmological model of globular cluster formation with analytic prescriptions for the dynamical assembly and evolution of black hole binaries (BHBs) to constrain which types of clusters are most likely to form binaries tight enough to coalesce within a Hubble time. We find that BHBs that are ejected and later merge ex situ form in clusters of a characteristic mass

, whereas binaries that merge in situ form in more massive clusters,

. The clusters that dominate the production of BHBs are similar in age and metallicity to the entire population. Finally, we estimate an approximate cosmic black hole merger rate of dynamically assembled binaries using the mean black hole mass for each cluster, given its metallicity. We find an intrinsic rate of

at z = 0, a weakly increasing merger rate out to z = 1.5, and then a decrease out to z = 4. Our results can be used to provide a cosmological context and choose initial conditions in numerical studies of BHBs assembled in star clusters.
NuSTAR Observations of the Accreting Atolls GX 3+1, 4U 1702-429, 4U 0614+091, and 4U 1746-371
Authors: Ludlam R. M. , Miller J. M. , Barret D. , Cackett E. M. , Coughenour B. M. , Dauser T. , Degenaar N. , García J. A. , Harrison F. A. , Paerels F.
Published: March 2019

Atoll sources are accreting neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries. We present a spectral analysis of four persistent atoll sources (GX 3+1, 4U 1702−429, 4U 0614+091, and 4U 1746−371) observed for ∼20 ks each with NuSTAR to determine the extent of the inner accretion disk. These sources range from an apparent luminosity of 0.006–0.11 of the Eddington limit (assuming the empirical limit of 3.8 × 1038 erg s−1). Broad Fe emission features shaped by Doppler and relativistic effects close to the NS were firmly detected in three of these sources. The position of the disk appears to be close to the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) in each case. For GX 3+1, we determine

(90% confidence level) and an inclination of 27°–31°. For 4U 1702−429, we find a

and inclination of 53°–64°. For 4U 0614+091, the disk has a position of

and inclination of 50°–62°. If the disk does not extend to the innermost stable circular orbit, we can place conservative limits on the magnetic field strength in these systems in the event that the disk is truncated at the Alfvén radius. This provides the limit at the poles of B ≤ 6.7 × 108 G, 3.3 × 108 G, and 14.5 × 108 G for GX 3+1, 4U 1702−429, and 4U 0614+091, respectively. For 4U 1746−371, we argue that the most plausible explanation for the lack of reflection features is a combination of source geometry and strong Comptonization. We place these sources among the larger sample of NSs that have been observed with NuSTAR.
The Broad Absorption Line Tidal Disruption Event iPTF15af: Optical and Ultraviolet Evolution
Authors: Blagorodnova N. , Cenko S. B. , Kulkarni S. R. , Arcavi I. , Bloom J. S. , Duggan G. , Filippenko A. V. , Fremling C. , Horesh A. , Hosseinzadeh G. , Karamehmetoglu E. , Levan A. , Masci F. J. , Nugent P. E. , Pasham D. R. , Veilleux S. , Walters R. , Yan L. , Zheng W.
Published: March 2019

We present multiwavelength observations of the tidal disruption event (TDE) iPTF15af, discovered by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory survey at redshift z = 0.07897. The optical and ultraviolet (UV) light curves of the transient show a slow decay over 5 months, in agreement with previous optically discovered TDEs. It also has a comparable blackbody peak luminosity of

. The inferred temperature from the optical and UV data shows a value of (3–5) × 104 K. The transient is not detected in X-rays up to

within the first 5 months after discovery. The optical spectra exhibit two distinct broad emission lines in the He ii region, and at later times also Hα emission. Additionally, emission from [N iii] and [O iii] is detected, likely produced by the Bowen fluorescence effect. UV spectra reveal broad emission and absorption lines associated with high-ionization states of N v, C iv, Si iv, and possibly P v. These features, analogous to those of broad absorption line quasars (BAL QSOs), require an absorber with column densities

cm−2. This optically thick gas would also explain the nondetection in soft X-rays. The profile of the absorption lines with the highest column density material at the largest velocity is opposite that of BAL QSOs. We suggest that radiation pressure generated by the TDE flare at early times could have provided the initial acceleration mechanism for this gas. Spectral UV line monitoring of future TDEs could test this proposal.
Testing the Evolutionary Link between Type 1 and Type 2 Quasars with Measurements of the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Shangguan Jinyi , Ho Luis C.
Published: March 2019

In a popular scenario for the coevolution of massive black holes and galaxies, major mergers of gas-rich galaxies fuel vigorous star formation and obscured (type 2) quasar activity until energy feedback from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) clears away the gas and dust to reveal an unobscured (type 1) quasar. Under this scenario, the precursor type 2 quasars should be more gas-rich than their type 1 counterparts, and both types of quasars are expected to be gas-deficient relative to normal, star-forming galaxies of similar stellar mass. We test this evolutionary hypothesis by investigating the infrared (∼1–500 μm) spectral energy distribution of 86 optically selected z < 0.5 type 2 quasars, matched in redshift and [O iii] luminosity to a comparison sample of type 1 quasars. Contrary to expectations, the gas content of the host galaxies of type 2 quasars is nearly indistinguishable from that of type 1 quasar hosts, and neither type exhibits the predicted deficit in gas relative to normal galaxies. The gas mass fraction of quasar hosts appears unaffected by the bolometric luminosity of the active nucleus, although their interstellar radiation field is preferentially higher than that of normal galaxies, potentially implicating AGN heating of the large-scale galactic dust.
Sunflower cake in diets for beef cattle: digestibility, kinetics and in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters
Authors: Goes Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli  de , Silva Luiz Henrique Xavier da , Díaz Tatiana García , Branco Antonio Ferriani , Teodoro Ana Lúcia , Ferreira Gislaine Ribeiro
Published: March 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of sunflower cake replacing soybean meal in beef cattle diets on the in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM), organic matter (IVDOM), crude protein (IVDCP) and the ruminal fermentation kinetics and parameters. The experiment was analyzed according to a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of four levels of sunflower cake, 0, 200, 400, 600 g kg-1, replacing soybean meal in the concentrate of beef cattle diets. The coefficients of IVDDM, IVDOM and IVDCP presented a quadratic effect with the addition of sunflower cake. The soluble fraction (fraction B) degradation rate and total gas production decreased linearly with the inclusion of sunflower cake. Values of pH in ruminal fluid were higher for levels 0, 200 and 600 g kg-1 sunflower cake. Sunflower cake can replace soybean meal by up to 280 g kg-1 in the concentrate of beef cattle diets, improving the in vitro digestibility of dry matter organic, matter and crude protein. Levels above 400 g kg-1 reduce ruminal digestion rate, digestibility and release of final fermentation products.
Diapause expression in a Québec, Canada population of the parasitoidAphidius ervi(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Tougeron Kévin , van Baaren Joan , Le Lann Cécile , Brodeur Jacques
Published: March 2019

Aphidius erviHaliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a major natural enemy of several agricultural pests in North America. Yet little is known about its overwintering strategy, especially concerning the plastic response to photoperiod and temperature that induce diapause. Information on parasitoid overwintering patterns is of great importance if we aim to predict their phenology and better inform pest outbreak control. Moreover, there is increasing evidence of plastic and genetic changes in overwintering strategies in insect from temperate areas following climate change. We set up a laboratory approach to better understand the factors acting on diapause induction inA. ervi. We studied the diapause incidence in a population from Québec, Canada, using the combination of two temperatures (14 °C and 20 °C) and three photoperiod treatments (10:14, 12:12, 14:10 [light:dark] hours). We found an effect of both factors on diapause incidence;A. erviexpressed close to 95% of diapause at the most fall-like conditions (14 °C, 10:14 [light:dark] hours) and almost no diapause (3.5%) at the most summer-like conditions tested (20 °C, 14:10 [light:dark] hours). This parasitoid species does have the potential to enter diapause in Québec before lethal frosts, despite a recent introduction from France (1960s), where mild winter occurs compared with Québec.
Reconstruction with free flaps in robotic head-and-neck onco-surgeries
Authors: Arora Rajan , Verma Vinay Kumar , Mishra Kripa Shanker , Bhoye Hemant , Kapoor Rahul
Published: March 2019

Aims and Objective: The aim of the present article is to highlight how reconstruction with free flaps is different and difficult in cases with robotic head-and-neck cancer surgery. It also highlights the technical guidelines on how to manage the difficulties. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients with oropharyngeal cancer having undergone tumour excision followed by free-flap reconstruction been reviewed here. Nine patients had tumour excision done robotically through intraoral route while neck dissection done with transverse neck crease incision. There is a problem of difficult flap inset in this group of patient. Two patients had intraoral excision of tumour followed by robotic neck dissection via retroauricular incision. With no incision directly on the neck, microvascular anastomosis is challenging in this set of patients. Free flap was used in all the cases to reconstruct the defect. Results: Successful reconstruction with free flap was done in all the cases with good outcome both functionally and aesthetically. Conclusion: Free-flap reconstruction is possible in robotic head-and-neck cancer surgery despite small and difficult access, but it does need practice and some technical modifications for good outcome.
Serial abdominal closure with Gore-tex mesh and Rives-Stoppa for an open abdomen secondary to intra-abdominal hypertension in burns
Authors: Shanmugakrishnan R Raja , Loh Charles Yuen Yung , Wakure Abhijeet , El-Muttardi Naguib
Published: March 2019

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) leading to abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) commonly occurs in major burns. To relieve the excess pressure, decompressive laparotomy is done which can lead to an open abdomen. Closure of the abdomen after a decompressive laparotomy is very difficult with bowel oedema. We describe our technique of closing the open abdomen in such situations with a combination of serial abdominal wall closure with a layered mesh and the Rives-Stoppa component separation technique.
Contribuições do ensino da arte no contexto da educação de jovens e adultos
Authors: da Paixão A. Costa Adalvo , de Souza Alessandro , Nico Daher Seidel Melissa , Casoli Renata
Published: March 2019

The study investigated the contributions of the teaching of art in Education for Youth and Adults (EJA), with the research problem the question: how the teaching of art in Youth and Adult Education contributes to building a critical participant in the individual and society? And aim: to analyze the contributions of art education for the Education of Youth and Adults, in order to build a critical participant in the individual and society as well as the interpretation of the world from different languages. The research was quali-tative, as a field of research had one Elementary School in the municipality of Vitória, ES, and as subjects of study, two teachers, an educator and students of the first seg-ment of the EJA. Data collection took place through interviews with the two teachers, and observation of the educator school context. With the focus on pedagogical practice through art, the survey results indicate that the said institution acts with the intent of literate only, leaving aside the performance of work to the discipline of art. Educator and art teachers understand how important content, however, there is no specificity in the work with the same.
A percepção do enfermeiro frente á implantação e á execução do protocolo de Manchester
Authors: Peruch Fundão Lídice , Julião Gotardo Nicoli Maria , Endlich Rosely Fernanda
Published: March 2019

The Protocol of Manchester is being used by the Unified Health System throughout Brazil as a tool to organize the entrance doors of the Emergency Department services. The aim of the study was to investigate the perception of nurse in the implementation and execution of the protocol in a Manchester Emergency Unit, through descriptive and quantitative research field. Participated in the survey 14 nurses trained in risk classifi-cation. According to the interviewees' perceptions of the difficulties of implementation were to user dissatisfaction and physical space, the benefits of the classification were science-based classification and reduction of overcrowding; largely of professionals classify as satisfactory methodology and consider all change in criteria of attendance and acceptance of the protocol by the nursing staff as positive for implantation despite the refusal of the patient factors; most nurses consider the absence of interference measurement of blood pressure levels in the standings and have difficulties; for them the nurse classifier should have learned in urgent and emergency protocol is consid-ered by all nurses as a proposed improvement to meet real user.
Caso Alice: Atendimento psicoterapeutico em psicologia analítica
Authors: Zamborlini Simone , Santos  Eleotério Isabele
Published: March 2019

The related article presents a report of clinical care experience made during the Foundation Stage III and IV in Analytical Psychology in the School Clinic of the Psychology course of FAESA. This case refers to the individual psychotherapeutic care for a patient of 22 years. The sessions took place between the months from March to October 2014, totaling 30 sessions. Procedures perormed during the development of this study were: a bibliographical research, analyzing the records and weekly repos of attendance. Alice nickname was used to identify the patient, whose complaints were brought sexual abuse, depression and suicide attemps. Two weekly sessions, 50 minutes each were performed. In them were worked emotions and some points related to the construction of identity and strenghening self-esteem of the patient. The aim of study was to examine how the psychotherapeutic care in Analytical Psychology can help to overcome the suicidal patient, identify the factors that may have influenced her to attempt suicide, analyze the therapeutic relationship and its relationship with the development of the attendance process While you work, the patient experienced improvements in clinical, returned to work, went on to applying makeup daily, wear light colored fabrics and clothes and spend more attention to the spouse and family.
Estimativa da priodução de lodo nas estações de tratamento de esgoto Mulembá
Authors: Moreno Marques Maria Alice , Hott Gomes Ivan , Bertholdi Bernardino Uliane
Published: March 2019

This paper presents a comparative assessment of the calculation method for sludge generation in sewage wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and actual generation data obtained at two of CESAN's (ES) WWTPs using different biological treatment systems. The Mulembá sewage wastewater treatment plant - located in the city of Vitória - uses an activated sludge process with prolonged aeration, and the Vale Encantado sewage wastewater treatment plant - located in the city of Vila Velha - operates intermittently using the anaerobic process of ascending flow, UASB. The calculation of the estimated generation was performed using actual data from the WWTPs, and literature data when the former was not available. The results showed that the Mulembá plant had mass and volumetric productivities of 36 gSS.cap.d and 3.6 L.cap-1.d, respectively. The Vale Encantado plant had mass and volumetric productivities of 25 gSS.cap.d and 0.6 L.cap.d, respectively. The study showed that aerobic treatments produce larger amounts of sludge when compared to anaerobic systems. In addition, the calculation method was efficient to predict sludge generation when compared to the literature range, and less efficient when compared to actual data.
Educação: tempo integral
Authors: Aldrigues Santiago Laiza , Aldrigues Santiago Thaís
Published: March 2019

Since ancient times education is the hallmark of citizenship of man, and this in turn exceeds associate centuries so many changes and changes in its core curriculum. Thus, the government creates the Education Program Full-time in their eagerness to further cover the quality of education, providing opportunities for inclusion for students, but it is noticeable that unfortunately there is still no action for the success of the program, ie, lack infrastructure, qualified teachers and funding for the education program in Full Time is a national reality. This made question what are the interfaces that guide the success of Education Full-time, permeating, so your audience and their difficulties? Therefore this article aims to follow the paths that permeate Education Full Time, alluding thus to the program to be susceptible to all learners. It is known that the program is a challenge for the government in the country, as well as for public education. Through a bibliographical research has as theoretical basis the literature concerning the subject, as well as the use of articles to websites and magazines that paraphrase it describes this article
Fabricação de blocos de concreto para vedação com o uso de agregados reciclados em canteiro de obras
Authors: Andrade Bastos Isadora , Faria Da Cruz Leandro , Buss Woelffel Anderson
Published: March 2019

The civil construction, from the beginning, suffers from problems such as high production costs and high waste generation. In order to minimize the environmental impact and achieve reduction of budget expenditures, this paper evaluates the viability of production of recycled concrete block to seal masonry - no structural function - using aggregates from the construction and demolition debris to replace the natural aggregates. The axial compressive strength tests, absorption and humidity, were performed in the laboratory, according to NBR 6136 (ABNT, 2006), and the results compared to conventional concrete block. It was found that the minimum request for compressive strength was reached and surpassed while the absorption rate exceeds the limit set by the standard. In this way, it was concluded that the interference of the residue block makes it suitable for sealing masonry indoors
Effects of Inorganic Salts on the Heterogeneous OH Oxidation of Organic Compounds: Insights from Methylglutaric Acid-Ammonium Sulfate
Authors: Lam Hoi Ki , Shum Sze Man , Davies James F. , Song Mijung , Zuend Andreas , Chan Man Nin
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Atmospheric particles, consisting of inorganic salts, organic compounds and a varying amount of water, can continuously undergo heterogeneous oxidation initiated by gas-phase oxidants at the particle surface, changing the composition and properties of particles over time. To date, most studies focus on the chemical evolution of pure organic particles upon oxidation. To gain more fundamental insights into the effects of inorganic salts on the heterogeneous kinetics and chemistry of organic compounds, we investigate the heterogeneous OH oxidation of 3-methylglutaric acid (3-MGA) particles and particles containing both 3-MGA and ammonium sulfate (AS) in an organic-to-inorganic mass ratio of 2 in an aerosol flow tube reactor at a high relative humidity of 85.0 %. The molecular information of the particles before and after OH oxidation is obtained using the Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART), a soft atmospheric pressure ionization source, coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Optical microscopy measurements reveal that 3-MGA-AS particles are in a single liquid phase prior to oxidation at high relative humidity. Particle mass spectra show that C6 hydroxyl and C6 ketone functionalization products are the major products formed upon OH oxidation in the absence and presence of AS, suggesting that the dissolved salt does not significantly affect reaction pathways. The dominance of C6 hydroxyl products over C6 ketone products could be explained by the intermolecular hydrogen abstraction by tertiary alkoxy radicals formed at the methyl-substituted tertiary carbon site. On the other hand, kinetic measurements show that the effective OH uptake coefficient, γeff, for 3-MGA-AS particles (0.99 ± 0.05) is smaller than that for 3-MGA particles (2.41 ± 0.13) by about a factor of ~ 2.4. A smaller reactivity observed in 3-MGA-AS particles might be attributed to a higher surface concentration of water molecules, and the presence of ammonium and sulfate ions, which are chemically inert to OH radicals, at the particle surface. This could lower the collision probability between the 3-MGA and OH radicals, resulting in a smaller overall reaction rate. Our results suggest that inorganic salts likely alter the overall heterogeneous reactivity of organic compounds with gas-phase OH radicals rather than reaction mechanisms in well-mixed aqueous organic-inorganic particles.
Revised treatment of wet scavenging processes dramatically improves GEOS-Chem 12.0.0 simulations of nitric acid, nitrate, and ammonium over the United States
Authors: Luo Gan , Yu Fangqun , Schwab James
Published: March 2019

Abstract. The widely used community model GEOS-Chem 12.0.0 and previous versions have been recognized to significantly overestimate the concentrations of gaseous nitric acid, aerosol nitrate, and aerosol ammonium over the United States. The concentrations of nitric acid are also significantly over-predicted in most global models participating a recent model inter-comparison study. In this study, we show that most or all of this overestimation issue appears to be associated with wet scavenging processes. Replacement of constant in-cloud condensation water (ICCW) assumed in GEOS-Chem standard versions with one varying with location and time from the assimilated meteorology significantly reduces mass loadings of nitrate and ammonium during the wintertime, while the employment of an empirical washout rate for nitric acid significantly decreases mass concentrations of nitric acid and ammonium during the summertime. Compared to the standard version, GEOS-Chem with updated ICCW and washout rate significantly reduces the simulated annual mean mass concentrations of nitric acid, nitrate, and ammonium at surface mentoring network sites in US, from 2.04 to 1.03 μg m-3, 1.89 to 0.88 μg m-3, 1.09 to 0.68 μg m-3, respectively, in much better agreement with corresponding observed values of 0.83, 0.70, and 0.60 μg m-3, respectively. In addition, the agreement of model simulated seasonal variations of corresponding species with measurements is also improved. The updated wet scavenging scheme improves the skill of the model in predicting nitric acid, nitrate, and ammonium concentrations which are important species for air quality and climate.
Improving the Transparency of the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain through the Adoption of Quick Response (QR) Code, Internet of Things (IoT), and Blockchain Technology: One Result: Ending the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Evans Justin D.
Published: March 2019

Over the past two years, Americans in nearly every state have suffered adverse effects from counterfeit medications, many of whom have died. The main culprit is Fentanyl-tainted counterfeit opiates which often lead to fatal overdoses. The increasing epidemic of counterfeit prescription medications extends beyond social classes, gender, race, and age. For instance, pop star Prince recently overdosed on counterfeit Hydrocodone containing synthetic Fentanyl. Shockingly, one in ten medications sold in developing countries are counterfeit; either containing incorrect doses of active ingredients or containing toxic contaminants retained from the production process. The popularity of counterfeit medications stems from cheaper costs, but also because of the ease with which these counterfeit products can be purchased. While the blockchain has gained its fame from Bitcoin, its potential implications are far reaching. In this paper, I propose the use of QR code and the IoT (Internet of Things) sensor devices leveraging the blockchain for increased transparency of the pharmaceutical supply chain and manufacturing process. The data collected from the devices would then be transferred to the blockchain, enabling consumers to use an app to verify the provenance of their medication.
Estudio comparativo del eufemismo en chino y español
Authors: Yazhi Cai
Published: March 2019

El presente trabajo expone los resultados obtenidos en una investigación académicadedicada a la comparación del eufemismo en la lengua china y la española. Para ello, se haanalizado este concepto, los ámbitos en que se aplica y sus procedimientos de formulación desdediferentes niveles (fonético, semántico, morfológico y, finalmente, sintáctico). A partir de estospuntos, se han encontrado tanto similitudes como diferencias en el uso del eufemismo entre ambaslenguas. Además, se explican los diversos factores que dan lugar a dichos puntos de encuentro y, loque es más importante, los factores subyacentes en las desemejanzas, entre las cuales destacan loselementos lingüísticos, la religión, la estructura jerárquica, los valores morales, el modo de ser ylos factores estéticos.
La polifonía en la traducción de las noticias del español al chino: análisis del discurso de la publicación periodística China Times en España
Authors: Longxing Wang , Yuqi Wang
Published: March 2019

Considerando la polifonía en la traducción de las noticias del español al chino comofoco de análisis, se hace más claro el itinerario con que podemos acceder a la comprensión de lostextos periodísticos. Inspirados por las tres modalidades de enunciación del texto traducido quepropone Preckler, en el presente trabajo analizamos no solo qué dice un discurso, sino tambiénquién lo dice, especialmente cuando esto está traducido al chino. Descubrimos que los traductoresal tener contacto con el discurso original a veces asumen las condiciones del autor, a veces lasrechazan o se sienten idénticos al autor. La distinción entre el locutor y los enunciadores nos hadado una perspectiva que desafía la unicidad del sujeto abogando por el concepto del discursocomo una sucesión de isotopías enunciativas.
Investigación sobre estilo y la “extrañificación” lingüística de tres traductores chinos de poemas de García Lorca
Authors: Cheng Yiyang , Li Biwei
Published: March 2019

En este artículo, se examinan las obras de los tres traductores chinos más influyentes delos poemas de García Lorca, estimados por la crítica de poesía china. Al describir y comparar lassimilitudes y diferencias del estilo lingüístico de sus traducciones, este trabajo intenta explicar suscausas en las perspectivas sociales y culturales. La investigación de estilo lingüístico que se lleva acabo en este artículo se basa en la teoría de "desfamiliarización" presentada por los formalistas rusos,que fue complementado después por la escuela de Praga con la teoría de "foregrounding". Mediantela combinación de los mecanismos específicos del lenguaje "extrañificacado" y puesto en"foregrounding" de la poesía china moderna y la metodología proporcionada por Estudios deTraducción de Corpus, el presente artítuclo realizan análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos del corpus adhoc de las versiones chinas de unos catorce poemas de García Lorca. En primer lugar, se cuantifica elestilo general de los tres traductores, para luego realizar un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo másespecífico sobre sus características lingüísticas de "foregrounding" y revelar las característicasespecíficas del lenguaje poético "extrañificado" de cada uno de ellos, a las cuales finalmente se danexplicaciones teniendo en cuenta las experiencias personales, los conceptos literarios y artísticos delos traductores y los diferentes antecedentes sociales e históricos en los que se encontraron.
Emojis frecuentes en las interacciones por whatsapp
Authors: Cantamutto Lucía , Vela Delfa Cristina
Published: March 2019

Dentro de los recursos semióticos disponibles en los sistemas de mensajería instantánea,los emojis son especialmente apreciados por los usuarios gracias al variado repertorio que ofreceny a su capacidad para dinamizar la interacción. Ante el crecimiento de su uso, nos planteamos lanecesidad de disponer de una técnica metodológica que permita no solo identificar los emojis másfrecuentes (es decir, los que tengan un uso más extendido en una comunidad de habla), sinotambién sus principales funciones e interpretaciones más usuales. Por ello, en este trabajopresentamos, por un lado, una metodología que hace posible recuperar los emojis utilizados conmayor frecuencia por parte de un grupo de usuarios de WhatsApp y, por otro, un modelo deexploración e interpretación de estos primeros datos obtenidos. Nuestro diseño metodológico seaplica a la recogida de una muestra comparativa de dos variedades del español: español de Españay español de Argentina.
El marcador discursivo ahora con verba dicendi en Twitter
Authors: López Quero Salvador
Published: March 2019

Este trabajo se propone un análisis pragmático-discursivo del marcador ahora con verbadicendi en el registro conversacional de la red social Twitter. Estos verbos de comunicaciónatienden, sobre todo, a la relación del emisor con el enunciado. Ahora se inserta en unaargumentación discursiva en la que se pone de manifiesto la contradicción entre la conductapresente y pasada de una determinada persona. Ahora introduce, por tanto, en el enunciado unadosis de mayor o menor subjetividad. La presencia frecuente de comentarios personales, laanteposición del marcador o el uso de emoticonos refuerzan el valor discursivo de ahora. Por otraparte, el emisor quiere que su argumentación tenga una fuerte carga ilocutiva y “pretende” darmuestras de objetividad con el uso de los discursos directo e indirecto, así como con el uso dehipervínculos. Un estudio relevante ha merecido ahora, precedido del conector "y".
La traducción de las construcciones concesivas y adversativas de español a chino
Authors: Jierong Zhu
Published: March 2019

Este trabajo versará sobre las posibles estrategias de traducción de las construccionesconcesivas y adversativas del español al idioma chino. Para ello nos centraremos en el uso de lasconjunciones en ambas lenguas como marcadores gramaticales para dichas construcciones.Analizando ciertas traducciones propuestas, compararemos la frecuencia de uso, la posición y lavariedad de estas conjunciones entre ambos idiomas. Al carecer la lengua china de formas verbales, ypor tanto de modos indicativo y subjuntivo, daremos una propuesta de resolución para estos casos.
Dickens's Anonymous Margins: Names, Network Theory, and the Serial Novel
Authors: Grener Adam , Parker Isabel
Published: March 2019

This article argues that anonymous characters serve an important role within Dickens's effort to render the networked nature of Victorian society. Building on recent scholarship that has turned to “networks” to examine Dickens's complex and evolving character systems, this article details the insights gleaned from an interdisciplinary research program that uses computational methods to map Dickens's character networks as they develop during a novel's serial production. In particular, it highlights the problems presented by characters who remain nameless: while these characters may seem insignificant or a mere background to the action of a novel, they frequently inhabit functionally and structurally significant positions within character networks that aim to capture complex social relationships. Through detailed analysis of anonymous characters in Martin Chuzzlewit and Bleak House, this article argues that anonymity becomes one way in which Dickens's novels aim to reconcile particularized and structural perspectives on the social body. Although it is easy to fixate on Dickens's idiosyncratic practices of naming characters, those who remain nameless actually provide important insights into Dickens's navigation of serial form and the development of his representational practices from his earliest sketches through to his final novels.
Oblique Politics: Julia Wright Merrill and the Public Library Extension Committee, 1925–1946
Authors: Latham Joyce M.
Published: March 2019

The American public library is a political institution. Acknowledging the political status of public libraries allows for the adoption of the historical-institutional frames of political sociologist Elisabeth Clemens for analysis of libraries' early history. Drawing on the archives of the American Library Association and the Wisconsin Free Library Commission, this project details the actions of librarian Julia Wright Merrill as an example of alternative political advocacy in play in the early twentieth century. Merrill drew on a repertoire of political strategies as a means of developing an interest group of public librarians in active pursuit of national visibility and federal funding. The progress of that particular strategy began in 1925, spearheaded by the American Library Association's Public Library Extension Committee and its secretary, Julia Wright Merrill. It culminated with the passage of the Library Services Act of 1956, which provided federal funding opportunities to American public libraries for outreach to rural communities.
Pruitt-Igoe and the Crunden Branch Library: Public Housing and Public Libraries in Post–World War II St. Louis
Authors: Bossaller Jenny , Freeland Chris
Published: March 2019

For residents of St. Louis, the name “Pruitt-Igoe” invokes mental images of forbidding urban blight. A large government-subsidized housing development, Pruitt-Igoe was built with fanfare from the architectural community in the late 1950s, but it quickly deteriorated and was demolished in the 1970s. This study sheds new light on the Crunden Branch Library, which was intentionally built adjacent to Pruitt-Igoe to serve its residents and the surrounding neighborhood. Even during the housing development's hardest years, the library was recognized as a safe space for reading, learning, and cultural programming, and it often served as a space for community action. The story of the Crunden Branch is necessarily intertwined with local and national social and economic trends, contentious federal funding, and the purpose-driven urban librarianship of the late 1950s through the 1970s. It also provides a new perspective on St. Louis and the housing development itself.
Populismo, mídia educacional e escolas em tempos de crise
Authors: Kohl Christoph
Published: March 2019

Em vários países europeus e no exterior, partidos e movimentos políticos populistas – tanto de esquerda quanto de direita – experienciaram uma popularidade crescente nos últimos anos. Estes desenvolvimentos são devidos a uma incerteza pronunciada entre as partes vitais das populações, devido a complexidades crescentes nas sociedades e à aceleração de mudanças e desafios na vida diária, incluindo o setor de educação. Muitos desses movimentos e partidos têm a reputação de usar uma retórica nacionalista exclusiva, retratando-se como supostamente "verdadeiros" defensores dos interesses operários e da classe média. Além disso, eles pretendem representar a voz do "povo" mais autêntica do que "as elites" fazer, desafiando as culturas de memória estabelecidos e parcialmente tentativa de substituí-los por versões supostamente mais autênticas do passado. Usando exemplos de diferentes países, o presente trabalho pretende examinar as formas em que eles estão sendo discutidos no setor de educação e livros escolares. O documento gostaria de discutir, como e em que medida nos contextos pós-coloniais em outros lugares. Gostaríamos de discutir como os discursos hegemônicos são contestados pelos populistas, caso e em que medida eles tentam influenciar e reconstruir a identidade, a memória e a história, e as estruturas do escolar através da educação contra tradições anteriores ou prevalecentes e como eles – para esse propósito – influenciam a produção de mídia educacional.
História, livro didático e formação docente: produção, limites e possibilidades
Authors: Cavalcanti Erinaldo Vicente
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo propõe-se a fazer uma análise para ampliar as discussões sobre o processo de produção do livro didático de história, as relações da escrita desse produto com a ciência de referência e como essas dimensões se relacionam com a formação docente inicial de professores e professoras de História. Nessa dimensão, problematiza o lugar de autoria atribuído ao profissional que escreve a narrativa textual e alguns limites que condicionam a escrita didática. Também analisa como que a ciência histórica, como lugar de formação docente, problematiza o livro didático durante a formação inicial dos professores através das pesquisas que venho desenvolvendo acerca das matrizes curriculares dos cursos de licenciatura em história oferecidos nas universidades federais do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Os resultados apontam que as matrizes curriculares têm praticamente ignorado as reflexões sobre os livros didáticos como principal instrumento de trabalho do professor de história.
História difícil e etnocentrismo: o ensino de história e o genocídio de Ruanda na web
Authors: Fonseca Danilo Ferreira da , Germinari Geyso Dongley
Published: March 2019

A consciência histórica no mundo contemporâneo tem a função vital de instituir sentido temporal à vida humana, por meio de processos específicos de aprendizagem a consciência articula passado, presente e futuro numa mesma estrutura temporal que estabelece sentido histórico ao indivíduo e ao mundo.  As mudanças temporais vividas e sofridas como instabilidade carecem de novos significados no curso do tempo, necessitam de sentido histórico para continuidade das atividades humanas cotidianas. As mudanças temporais que desestabilizam a vida podem ser traumáticas, hostis, amargas, tristes, pesadas, conflitivas, difíceis de serem vividas, aquilo que o historiador e didaticista alemão Bodo von Borries (2016) chama de Burdening History, que são histórias difíceis de serem ensinadas e aprendidas, porque carregam sentimentos fortes de culpa, vergonha e luto. Com base neste pressuposto, buscou-se contribuir com debate, a partir da reflexão acerca do ensino de História sobre Ruanda, particularmente acerca do chamado genocídio de Ruanda. O estudo analisou sítios da Web de divulgação de conteúdos históricos. É crescente a utilização da internet no ambiente escolar, tanto pelas crianças e jovens, quanto pelos professores.
O retorno dos ancestrais: Bon Odori e ritos mortuários no Templo Budista Honpa Honganji em Londrina
Authors: André Richard Gonçalves , Luiz Leonardo Henrique
Published: March 2019

O Bon Odori é um rito mortuário inerente ao Budismo japonês que, realizado durante o “Festival dos Finados”, objetiva permitir que os seres consigam transmigrar para diferentes dimensões das esferas budistas. Neste artigo, pretende-se analisar o ritual ligado ao Templo Budista Nishi Honganji, situado em Londrina (Paraná). Como metodologia, foram feitas observações participantes do Bon Odori no ano de 2014 e entrevistas com o monge budista local. Da perspectiva teórica, são utilizados os conceitos de campo religioso e apropriação, propostos, respectivamente, por Pierre Bourdieu e Roger Chartier. A partir disso, é sugerido que, embora constitua um rito mortuário, elementos do universo “profano”, bem como distintos atores sociais, teriam sido associados ao Bon Odori. Essa mudança seria gerada pela necessidade desse Budismo, que permanece no Brasil uma religião étnica, desenvolver estratégias de proselitismo que lhe permita angariar novos fieis, inclusive fora do círculo de imigrantes japoneses e descendentes, para sua reprodução social.
Remembering Three Nehemiahs in Late Second Temple Times: Patterns and Trajectories in Memory Shaping
Authors: Ben Zvi Ehud , Honigman Sylvie
Published: March 2019

This article explores the workings of a set of memory-shaping patterns that were influential in the construction of Nehemiah as an evolving site of memory during the late Second Temple period. Its main focus is on the three Nehemiahs of memory evoked in and encountered by readers of the three main sources that shaped memories of the Nehemiah: Ezra-Neh, Sirach, and 2 Macc. The article’s focus is on the generative pattern that scripted expectations about how good kings should behave, and which played an important role in the way memories of Nehemiah were constructed and communicated by these texts.
Death in Transitional Asia: 11-Year All-Cause Mortality in the Thai Cohort Study
Authors: Kelly Matthew J. , Rao Chalapati , Seubsman Sam-ang , Sleigh Adrian C.
Published: March 2019

OBJECTIVE: Thailand is experiencing a substantial reduction in overall mortality, an ageing society and increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases. There is an urgent need to understand locally important risk factors for this new disease burden and their distribution. We investigated risk factors for mortality in a large cohort of Thai adults and report on key trends.

PARTICIPANTS: A nationwide cohort of 87,151 Thai adults followed up since 2005 with their data records linked to the Thai civil registration system to monitor mortality up to the end of 2016.

METHODS: We used logistic regression models to measure associations between a large range of socio-demographic, health behaviour and health status variables and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS: 1402 cohort members died between 2005 and 2016. In fully-adjusted models higher income, female sex, and higher education had the strongest protective effects against mortality. Normal body weight also protected (AOR 0.71 [0.52-0.96] with Obese as reference). Heavy smoking (AOR 1.48 [1.29-1.70]), and regular alcohol consumption (AOR 1.37 [1.12-1.68]) were associated with the highest mortality. Experiencing injury in the year proceeding the baseline survey also associated with increased mortality, while urbanising since childhood had a protective effect.

CONCLUSION: This study adds to evidence regarding risks for all-cause mortality in Thailand. Results indicate the need for Thailand to maintain successful tobacco control programs and to address the effects of increased alcohol consumption. The protective effect of higher education is particularly important in Thailand given the growing proportion of the population who are finishing high school and moving to higher education.
Stylistics, Literary Criticism, Linguistics and Discourse Analysis
Authors: Abdulmughni Saleh Ahmed Saif
Published: March 2019

There is confusion regarding the differences between linguistics, stylistics, literary criticism, and discourse analysis (DA) among teachers and learners of the English Major due to their overlapping natures, blurred boundaries, and analysis approaches. Therefore, the present study examines the similarities and differences of these four fields to make a clear demarcation between them. A descriptive and comparative approach using exemplary text was used in the study and the stylistics were thoroughly investigated, analyzed and exemplified in small-scale (one phrase, clause or sentence) or wider-scale (a paragraph). Finally, value judgments on the importance and value of the stylistics were furnished. This research enhances the prospects of pedagogical studies of different language learning and teaching of these four fields. This has opened the window for teacher-oriented studies and presented valid and genuine analytical and diagnostic studies of the related issues to enhance the accessibility of a clear distinction of the above stated fields.