bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Followability, Necessity, and Excuse: Interpreting Kant’s Penal Theory
Authors: Campbell Robert
Published: April 2024

Philosophers traditionally interpret Kant as a retributivist, but modern interpreters, with reference to Kant’s theory of justice and problematic passages, instead propose penal theories that mix retributive and deterrent features. Although these mixed penal theories are substantively compelling and capture the Kantian spirit, their dual aspects lead to a justificatory conflict that generates an apparent dilemma. To resolve this dilemma and clear the ground for these mixed theories, I will outline and reinterpret Kant’s penal theory by situating it in his broader moral and political philosophy. This move grounds the followability requirement, which is necessary to resolve the dilemma.
Unraveling Environmental Forces Shaping Surface Sediment Geochemical “Isodrapes” in the East Asian Marginal Seas
Authors: Paradis Sarah , Diesing Markus , Gies Hannah , Haghipour Negar , Narman Lena , Magill Clayton , Wagner Thomas , Galy Valier V. , Hou Pengfei , Zhao Meixun , Kim Jung‐Hyun , Shin Kyung‐Hoon , Lin Baozhi , Liu Zhifei , Wiesner Martin G. , Stattegger Karl , Chen Jianfang , Zhang Jingjing , Eglinton Timothy I.
Published: April 2024

As major sites of carbon burial and remineralization, continental margins are key components of the global carbon cycle. However, heterogeneous sources of organic matter (OM) and depositional environments lead to complex spatial patterns in sedimentary organic carbon (OC) content and composition. To better constrain the processes that control OM cycling, we focus on the East Asian marginal seas as a model system, where we compiled extensive data on the OC content, bulk isotopic composition (δ13C and Δ14C), total nitrogen, and mineral surface area of surficial sediments from previous studies and new measurements. We developed a spatial machine learning modeling framework to predict the spatial distribution of these parameters and identify regions where sediments with similar geochemical signatures drape the seafloor (i.e., “isodrapes”). We demonstrate that both provenance (44%–77%) and hydrodynamic processes (22%–53%) govern the fate of OM in this margin. Hydrodynamic processes can either promote the degradation of OM in mobile mud‐belts or preserve it in stable mud‐deposits. The distinct isotopic composition of OC sources from marine productivity and individual rivers regulates the age and reactivity of OM deposited on the sea‐floor. The East Asian marginal seas can be separated into three main isodrapes: hydrodynamically energetic shelves with coarser‐grained sediment depleted in OC, OM‐enriched mud deposits, and a deep basin with fine‐grained sediments and aged OC affected by long oxygen exposure times and petrogenic input from rivers. This study confirms that both hydrodynamic processes and provenance should be accounted for to understand the fate of OC in continental margins.
The Net GHG Balance and Budget of the Permafrost Region (2000–2020) From Ecosystem Flux Upscaling
Authors: Ramage Justine , Kuhn McKenzie , Virkkala Anna‐Maria , Voigt Carolina , Marushchak Maija E. , Bastos Ana , Biasi Christina , Canadell Josep G. , Ciais Philippe , López‐Blanco Efrèn , Natali Susan M. , Olefeldt David , Potter Stefano , Poulter Benjamin , Rogers Brendan M. , Schuur Edward A. G. , Treat Claire , Turetsky Merritt R. , Watts Jennifer , Hugelius Gustaf
Published: April 2024

The northern permafrost region has been projected to shift from a net sink to a net source of carbon under global warming. However, estimates of the contemporary net greenhouse gas (GHG) balance and budgets of the permafrost region remain highly uncertain. Here, we construct the first comprehensive bottom‐up budgets of CO2, CH4, and N2O across the terrestrial permafrost region using databases of more than 1000 in situ flux measurements and a land cover‐based ecosystem flux upscaling approach for the period 2000–2020. Estimates indicate that the permafrost region emitted a mean annual flux of 12 (−606, 661) Tg CO2–C yr−1, 38 (22, 53) Tg CH4–C yr−1, and 0.67 (0.07, 1.3) Tg N2O–N yr−1 to the atmosphere throughout the period. Thus, the region was a net source of CH4 and N2O, while the CO2 balance was near neutral within its large uncertainties. Undisturbed terrestrial ecosystems had a CO2 sink of −340 (−836, 156) Tg CO2–C yr−1. Vertical emissions from fire disturbances and inland waters largely offset the sink in vegetated ecosystems. When including lateral fluxes for a complete GHG budget, the permafrost region was a net source of C and N, releasing 144 (−506, 826) Tg C yr−1 and 3 (2, 5) Tg N yr−1. Large uncertainty ranges in these estimates point to a need for further expansion of monitoring networks, continued data synthesis efforts, and better integration of field observations, remote sensing data, and ecosystem models to constrain the contemporary net GHG budgets of the permafrost region and track their future trajectory.
Patterns of stressful life events and polygenic scores for five mental disorders and neuroticism among adults with depression
Authors: Crouse Jacob J. , Park Shin Ho , Byrne Enda M. , Mitchell Brittany L. , Scott Jan , Medland Sarah E. , Lin Tian , Wray Naomi R. , Martin Nicholas G. , Hickie Ian B.
Published: April 2024

The dominant (‘general’) version of the diathesis-stress theory of depression views stressors and genetic vulnerability as independent risks. In the Australian Genetics of Depression Study (N = 14,146; 75% female), we tested whether polygenic scores (PGS) for major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, ADHD, and neuroticism were associated with reported exposure to 32 childhood, past-year, lifetime, and accumulated stressful life events (SLEs). In false discovery rate-corrected models, the clearest PGS-SLE relationships were for the ADHD- and depression-PGSs, and to a lesser extent, the anxiety- and schizophrenia-PGSs. We describe the associations for childhood and accumulated SLEs, and the 2–3 strongest past-year/lifetime SLE associations. Higher ADHD-PGS was associated with all childhood SLEs (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect; ORs = 1.09–1.14; p’s < 1.3 × 10−5), more accumulated SLEs, and reported exposure to sudden violent death (OR = 1.23; p = 3.6 × 10−5), legal troubles (OR = 1.15; p = 0.003), and sudden accidental death (OR = 1.14; p = 0.006). Higher depression-PGS was associated with all childhood SLEs (ORs = 1.07–1.12; p’s < 0.013), more accumulated SLEs, and severe human suffering (OR = 1.17; p = 0.003), assault with a weapon (OR = 1.12; p = 0.003), and living in unpleasant surroundings (OR = 1.11; p = 0.001). Higher anxiety-PGS was associated with childhood emotional abuse (OR = 1.08; p = 1.6 × 10−4), more accumulated SLEs, and serious accident (OR = 1.23; p = 0.004), physical assault (OR = 1.08; p = 2.2 × 10−4), and transportation accident (OR = 1.07; p = 0.001). Higher schizophrenia-PGS was associated with all childhood SLEs (ORs = 1.12–1.19; p’s < 9.3−8), more accumulated SLEs, and severe human suffering (OR = 1.16; p = 0.003). Higher neuroticism-PGS was associated with living in unpleasant surroundings (OR = 1.09; p = 0.007) and major financial troubles (OR = 1.06; p = 0.014). A reversed pattern was seen for the bipolar-PGS, with lower odds of reported physical assault (OR = 0.95; p = 0.014), major financial troubles (OR = 0.93; p = 0.004), and living in unpleasant surroundings (OR = 0.92; p = 0.007). Genetic risk for several mental disorders influences reported exposure to SLEs among adults with moderately severe, recurrent depression. Our findings emphasise that stressors and diatheses are inter-dependent and challenge diagnosis and subtyping (e.g., reactive/endogenous) based on life events.
The role of human 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) in carcinogenesis - a question of canonical and non-canonical functions
Authors: Kahnt Astrid S. , Häfner Ann-Kathrin , Steinhilber Dieter
Published: April 2024

5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO), a fatty acid oxygenase, is the central enzyme in leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis, potent arachidonic acid-derived lipid mediators released by innate immune cells, that control inflammatory and allergic responses. In addition, through interaction with 12- and 15-lipoxgenases, the enzyme is involved in the formation of omega-3 fatty acid-based oxylipins, which are thought to be involved in the resolution of inflammation. The expression of 5-LO is frequently deregulated in solid and liquid tumors, and there is strong evidence that the enzyme plays an important role in carcinogenesis. However, global inhibition of LT formation and signaling has not yet shown the desired success in clinical trials. Curiously, the release of 5-LO-derived lipid mediators from tumor cells is often low, and the exact mechanism by which 5-LO influences tumor cell function is poorly understood. Recent data now show that in addition to releasing oxylipins, 5-LO can also influence gene expression in a lipid mediator-independent manner. These non-canonical functions, including modulation of miRNA processing and transcription factor shuttling, most likely influence cancer cell function and the tumor microenvironment and might explain the low clinical efficacy of pharmacological strategies that previously only targeted oxylipin formation and signaling by 5-LO. This review summarizes the canonical and non-canonical functions of 5-LO with a particular focus on tumorigenesis, highlights unresolved issues, and suggests future research directions.
Validity and reliability study of a novel surface electromyography sensor using a well-consolidated electromyography system in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury
Authors: Jayaraman Chandrasekaran , Mummidisetty Chaithanya Krishna , Jayaraman Arun , Pfleeger Kimberly , Jacobson Michelle , Ceruolo Melissa , Sen-Gupta Ellora , Caccese James , Chen David
Published: April 2024

Study design

Non-interventional, cross-sectional pilot study.

Objectives

To establish the validity and reliability of the BioStamp nPoint biosensor (Medidata Solutions, New York, NY, USA [formerly MC10, Inc.]) for measuring electromyography in individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) by comparing the surface electromyography (sEMG) metrics with the Trigno wireless electromyography system (Delsys, Natick, MA, USA).

Setting

Participants were recruited from the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab registry.

Methods

Individuals aged 18–70 years with cervical SCI were evaluated with the two biosensors to capture activity on upper-extremity muscles during two study sessions conducted over 2 days (day 1–consent alone; day 2–two data collections in same session). Time and frequency metrics were captured, and signal-to-noise ratio was determined for each muscle group. Test-retest reliability was determined using Pearson’s correlation. Validation of the BioStamp nPoint system was based on Bland-Altmann analysis.

Results

Among the 11 participants, 30.8% had subacute cervical injury at C5–C6; 53.8% were injured within 1 year of the study. Results from the test-retest reliability assessment revealed that most Pearson’s correlations between the two sensory measurements were strong (≥0.50). The Bland-Altman analysis found values of the signal-to-noise ratio, frequency, and peak amplitude were within the level of agreement. Signal-to-noise ratios ranged from 7.06 to 22.1.

Conclusions

In most instances, the performance of the BioStamp nPoint sensors was moderately to strongly correlated with that of the Trigno sensors in all muscle groups tested. The BioStamp nPoint system is a valid and reliable approach to assess sEMG measures in individuals with cervical SCI.

Sponsorship

The present study was supported by AbbVie Inc.
Efficacy and safety of tepotinib in Asian patients with advanced NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping enrolled in VISION
Authors: Kato Terufumi , Yang James Chih-Hsin , Ahn Myung-Ju , Sakai Hiroshi , Morise Masahiro , Chen Yuh-Min , Han Ji-Youn , Yang Jin-Ji , Zhao Jun , Hsia Te-Chun , Berghoff Karin , Bruns Rolf , Vioix Helene , Lang Simone , Johne Andreas , Le Xiuning , Paik Paul K.
Published: April 2024

Background

Tepotinib, a MET inhibitor approved for the treatment of MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping NSCLC, demonstrated durable clinical activity in VISION (Cohort A + C; N = 313): objective response rate (ORR) 51.4% (95% CI: 45.8, 57.1); median duration of response (mDOR) 18.0 months (95% CI: 12.4, 46.4). We report outcomes in Asian patients from VISION (Cohort A + C) (cut-off: November 20, 2022).

Methods

Patients with advanced METex14 skipping NSCLC, detected by liquid or tissue biopsy, received tepotinib 500 mg (450 mg active moiety) once daily. Primary endpoint: objective response (RECIST 1.1) by independent review. Secondary endpoints included: DOR, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).

Results

Across treatment lines in 106 Asian patients (39.6% female, 43.4% smoking history, 79.2% adenocarcinoma, 47.2% treatment-naive), ORR was 56.6% (95% CI: 46.6, 66.2), mDOR 18.5 months (10.4, ne), mPFS 13.8 months (10.8, 22.0), and mOS 25.5 months (19.3, 36.4). Consistent efficacy observed, regardless of baseline characteristics. HRQoL remained stable during treatment. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 95.3% of patients (39.6% Grade ≥3). Most common TRAEs: peripheral edema (62.3%), creatinine increase (38.7%).

Conclusions

Tepotinib demonstrated robust and durable efficacy, with a manageable safety profile, in Asian patients with METex14 skipping NSCLC.

Clinical trial registration

NCT02864992
A highly crystalline face-on π-conjugated polymer based on alkoxythiophene-flanked benzobisthiazole for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Doi Shuhei , Mikie Tsubasa , Yamanaka Kodai , Sato Yuki , Ohkita Hideo , Saito Masahiko , Osaka Itaru
Published: April 2024

The use of noncovalent intramolecular interactions constitutes a powerful design strategy for preparing π-conjugated polymers featuring high backbone coplanarities and thereby high crystallinities. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of an alkoxythiophene-flanked benzobisthiazole (BBTz) as a new building unit for π-conjugated polymers, which was subsequently copolymerized to give a simple BBTz-bithiophene copolymer with alkyl and alkoxy groups (PDBTz2). Owing to the S···O noncovalent intramolecular interactions between the alkoxy oxygens and thiazole sulfurs in BBTz, PDBTz2 showed greater coplanarity and crystallinity than its alkyl counterpart, PDBTz1. Interestingly, the backbone orientation was completely altered from the edge-on orientation observed for PDBTz1 to a face-on orientation for PDBTz2, which is preferable for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In addition, the electron-donating nature of the alkoxy group increased the HOMO energy level of PDBTz2 compared to that of PDBTz1, which enabled photoinduced hole transfer from a nonfullerene acceptor, Y6, to the polymer. As a result, the short-circuit current density of an organic photovoltaic cell based on PDBTz2 and Y6 was significantly greater than that of a cell based on PDBTz1 and Y6. This study confirmed that alkoxythiophene-flanked BBTz is a promising building unit for high-performance π-conjugated polymers.
Stability of child appetitive traits and association with diet quality at 5 years and 9–11 years old: Findings from the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Delahunt Anna , Killeen Sarah Louise , O’Brien Eileen C. , Geraghty Aisling A. , O’Reilly Sharleen L. , McDonnell Ciara M. , Cushion Rosemary , Mehegan John , McAuliffe Fionnuala M.
Published: April 2024

Background

We explored change in child appetitive traits from 5 to 9–11 years old and examined associations between appetitive traits at both timepoints and child diet quality.

Methods

This is secondary analyses of the ROLO longitudinal birth cohort study, including mother-child dyads from the 5 and 9–11-year old follow-up. The Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire measured child appetitive traits, with 167 children having matched data for both timepoints. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) measured diet quality. Linear mixed models and multiple linear regression were completed.

Results

Mean (SD) score for ‘Emotional Overeating’ (1.63 (0.51) vs. 1.99 (0.57), p = <0.001) and ‘Enjoyment of Food’ (3.79 (0.72) vs. 3.98 (0.66), p = <0.001) increased from 5 to 9–11 years. Mean score for ‘Desire to Drink’ (2.63 (0.94) vs. 2.45 (0.85), p = 0.01), ‘Satiety Responsiveness (3.07 (0.66) vs. 2.71 (0.66), p = <0.001), ‘Slowness Eating’ (3.02 (0.77) vs. 2.64 (0.78), p = <0.001), and ‘Food Fussiness’ (3.00 (1.04) vs. 2.81 (0.96), p = 0.001) decreased. At 5-years-old, ‘Food Responsiveness’ and ‘Enjoyment of Food’ were positively associated with HEI and ‘Desire to Drink’, ‘Satiety Responsiveness’ and ‘Food Fussiness’ were negatively associated with HEI. At 9–11-years, ‘Enjoyment of Food’ was positively and ‘Desire to Drink’ and ‘Food ‘Fussiness’ were negatively associated with HEI.

Conclusions

Food approach appetitive traits increased over time, whereas food avoidant appetitive traits tended to decrease. At both time points ‘Food Fussiness’ and ‘Desire to Drink” were inversely associated with HEI. Further research on how appetitive traits track over childhood and how this relates to dietary quality and weight is warranted.
Protein-truncating variants in BSN are associated with severe adult-onset obesity, type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhao Yajie , Chukanova Maria , Kentistou Katherine A. , Fairhurst-Hunter Zammy , Siegert Anna Maria , Jia Raina Y. , Dowsett Georgina K. C. , Gardner Eugene J. , Lawler Katherine , Day Felix R. , Kaisinger Lena R. , Tung Yi-Chun Loraine , Lam Brian Yee Hong , Chen Hsiao-Jou Cortina , Wang Quanli , Berumen-Campos Jaime , Kuri-Morales Pablo , Tapia-Conyer Roberto , Alegre-Diaz Jesus , Barroso Inês , Emberson Jonathan , Torres Jason M. , Collins Rory , Saleheen Danish , Smith Katherine R. , Paul Dirk S. , Merkle Florian , Farooqi I. Sadaf , Wareham Nick J. , Petrovski Slavé , O’Rahilly Stephen , Ong Ken K. , Yeo Giles S. H. , Perry John R. B.
Published: April 2024

Obesity is a major risk factor for many common diseases and has a substantial heritable component. To identify new genetic determinants, we performed exome-sequence analyses for adult body mass index (BMI) in up to 587,027 individuals. We identified rare loss-of-function variants in two genes (BSN and APBA1) with effects substantially larger than those of well-established obesity genes such as MC4R. In contrast to most other obesity-related genes, rare variants in BSN and APBA1 were not associated with normal variation in childhood adiposity. Furthermore, BSN protein-truncating variants (PTVs) magnified the influence of common genetic variants associated with BMI, with a common variant polygenic score exhibiting an effect twice as large in BSN PTV carriers than in noncarriers. Finally, we explored the plasma proteomic signatures of BSN PTV carriers as well as the functional consequences of BSN deletion in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hypothalamic neurons. Collectively, our findings implicate degenerative processes in synaptic function in the etiology of adult-onset obesity.
Seroprevalence and molecular detection of foot and mouth disease virus in cattle in selected districts of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Bandaw Tamenech , Gebremeskel Haben Fesseha , Muluneh Ayelech , Mengistu Tilaye Shibiru , Kebede Isayas Asefa
Published: April 2024

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious, endemic, and acute viral cattle ailment that causes major economic damage in Ethiopia. Although several serotypes of the FMD virus have been detected in Ethiopia, there is no documented information about the disease's current serostatus and serotypes circulating in the Wolaita zone. Thus, from March to December 2022, a cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate FMDV seroprevalence, molecular detection, and serotype identification in three Wolaita Zone sites. A multistage sample procedure was used to choose three peasant associations from each study region, namely Wolaita Sodo, Offa district, and Boloso sore district. A systematic random sampling technique was employed to pick 384 cattle from the population for the seroprevalence research, and 10 epithelial tissue samples were purposefully taken from outbreak individuals for molecular detection of FMDV. The sera were examined using 3ABC FMD NSP Competition ELISA to find antibodies against FMDV non-structural proteins, whereas epithelial tissue samples were analyzed for molecular detection using real-time RT-PCR, and sandwich ELISA was used to determine the circulating serotypes. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to evaluate the associated risk variables. The total seroprevalence of FMD in cattle was 46.88% (95% CI 41.86–51.88), with Wolaita Sodo Town having the highest seroprevalence (63.28%). As a consequence, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that animal age, herd size, and interaction with wildlife were all substantially related to FMD seroprevalence (p < 0.05). During molecular detection, only SAT-2 serotypes were found in 10 tissue samples. Thus, investigating FMD outbreaks and identifying serotypes and risk factors for seropositivity are critical steps in developing effective control and prevention strategies based on the kind of circulating serotype. Moreover, further research for animal species other than cattle was encouraged.
Molecular dynamics simulations to explore the binding mode between the amyloid-β protein precursor (APP) and adaptor protein Mint2
Authors: Wang Min , Liu Kaifeng
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a significant challenge in neurodegenerative disease management, with limited therapeutic options available for its prevention and treatment. At the heart of AD pathogenesis is the amyloid-β (Aβ) protein precursor (APP), with the interaction between APP and the adaptor protein Mint2 being crucial. Despite previous explorations into the APP-Mint2 interaction, the dynamic regulatory mechanisms by which Mint2 modulates APP binding remain poorly understood. This study undertakes molecular dynamics simulations across four distinct systems—free Mint2, Mint2 bound to APP, a mutant form of Mint2, and the mutant form bound to APP—over an extensive 400 ns timeframe. Our findings reveal that the mutant Mint2 experiences significant secondary structural transformations, notably the formation of an α-helix in residues S55-K65 upon APP binding, within the 400 ns simulation period. Additionally, we observed a reduction in the active pocket size of the mutant Mint2 compared to its wild-type counterpart, enhancing its APP binding affinity. These insights hold promise for guiding the development of novel inhibitors targeting the Mints family, potentially paving the way for new therapeutic strategies in AD prevention and treatment.
Understanding the different effects of fouling mechanisms on working and reference electrodes in fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for neurotransmitter detection
Authors: Jang Jaehyun , Cho Hyun-U. , Hwang Sangmun , Kwak Youngjong , Kwon Haeun , Heien Michael L. , Bennet Kevin E. , Oh Yoonbae , Shin Hojin , Lee Kendall H. , Jang Dong Pyo
Published: April 2024

The distinct impacts of fouling mechanisms on a carbon fiber microelectrode and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, affecting their performance in neurotransmitter detection via Fast-scan Cyclic Voltammetry.
The impact of low-velocity shock waves on the dynamic behaviour characteristics of nanobubbles
Authors: Ma Ding , Zhang Xiaohui , Dong Rensong , Wang Hua
Published: April 2024

Based on molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the influence of low-velocity shock waves on nanobubbles. The equivalent radius of the nanobubbles is computed using machine learning methods.
Microstructure regulation and microwave absorption properties of ZnO/RGO composites
Authors: Guo Zhifeng , Chen Jin , Chu Suihong , Zhou Wenwen , Xie Jiaqiang
Published: April 2024

Electromagnetic waves can cause different degrees of damage to the human body.
Magnetic anisotropy in octahedral Dy(iii) and Yb(iii) complexes
Authors: Borah Aditya , Dey Sourav , Siddiqui Kehkasha , Gupta Sandeep K. , Rajaraman Gopalan , Murugavel Ramaswamy
Published: April 2024

Significant magnetic anisotropy is observed in nearly ideal octahedral Dy and Yb organophosphate complexes as a result of strong transverse anisotropy.
Metal–organic frameworks constructed using acid–base mixed ligands, carboxylic acids and N-containing chalcone, and their catalytic performance for Knoevenagel condensation
Authors: Cheng Limin , Zhang Junyong , Zhan Caihong , Xu Hao , Gong Chunhua , Xie Jingli
Published: April 2024

MOF materials constructed using acid–base mixed ligands serve as efficient and economical porous heterogeneous catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation.
Rapid electrodeposition of Cu nanoparticle film on Ni foam as an integrated 3D free-standing electrode for non-invasive and non-enzymatic creatinine sensing
Authors: Hou Hongming , Liu Yifan , Li Xianglong , Liu Wenbo , Gong Xiaoli
Published: April 2024

A non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor prepared using a Cu NP film/NF electrode was used to detect creatinine levels in human urine. The sensor is highly reproducible and cost-effective, as well as reliably stable for long-term storage.
Correction: A label-free and immobilization-free approach for constructing photoelectrochemical nucleic acid sensors utilizing DNA–silver nanoparticle affinity interactions
Authors: Yi Jing , Dong Jiayao , Zheng Yawen , Liu Liu , Zhu Ji , Tang Hongwu
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘A label-free and immobilization-free approach for constructing photoelectrochemical nucleic acid sensors utilizing DNA–silver nanoparticle affinity interactions’ by Jing Yi et al., Analyst, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AN00098F.
Angle-strained sila-cycloalkynes
Authors: Wakefield Herbert , Melvin Sophia J. , Jiang Jennifer , Kevlishvili Ilia , Siegler Maxime A. , Craig Stephen L. , Kulik Heather J. , Klausen Rebekka S.
Published: April 2024

Second row elements in small- and medium-rings modulate strain.
Deoxyfluorinated amidation and esterification of carboxylic acid by pyridinesulfonyl fluoride
Authors: Neeliveettil Anootha , Dey Soumyadip , Nomula Vishnu , Thakur Swati , Giri Debabrata , Santra Abhishek , Sau Abhijit
Published: April 2024

2-Pyridinesulfonyl fluoride mediated deoxyfluorination of carboxylic acid to acyl fluoride, allowing one-pot amidation and esterification under mild conditions.
Hydrogen bonding-promoted tunable approach for access to aza-bicyclo-[3.3.0]octanes and cyclopenta[b] pyrroles
Authors: Pramanik Sourav , Hazra Subhadeep , Chatterjee Ayan , Saha Jaideep
Published: April 2024

A unified strategy is disclosed that builds on successfully engaging the aniline nitrogen of 1,3-amphoteric γ-aminocyclopentenone for a tandem annulation with electron-poor alkynes, solely assisted by the H-bonding network of HFIP.
Computation of Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization processes reveals fundamental correlation between water dynamics, structure, and solvent restructuring entropy
Authors: Robinson Brown Dennis C. , Webber Thomas R. , Casey Thomas M. , Franck John , Shell M. Scott , Han Songi
Published: April 2024

Hydration water dynamics, structure, and thermodynamics are crucially important to understand and predict water-mediated properties at molecular interfaces.
Counterion effects on the mesomorphic and electrochemical properties of guanidinium salts
Authors: Ebert Max , Lange Alyna , Müller Michael , Wuckert Eugen , Gießelmann Frank , Klamroth Tillmann , Zens Anna , Taubert Andreas , Laschat Sabine
Published: April 2024

A library of wedge-shaped 3,4,5-(tris(tetradecyloxy))phenylguanidinium salts Gua(14)X with different anions was prepared. The counter ion significantly affects the solution redox properties and the stability of the liquid crystalline phase.
Pb2[C2O6]-P3̄m1: new insights into the high-pressure behavior of carbonates
Authors: Banaev Maksim V. , Sagatova Dinara N. , Sagatov Nursultan E. , Gavryushkin Pavel N.
Published: April 2024

Based on DFT calculations and crystal structure prediction approaches, we found a new high-pressure structure of lead carbonate, Pb2[C2O6]-P3̄m1. This structure is characterized by the presence of [C2O6] orthooxalate groups.
Resonance energy transfer in orthogonally arranged chromophores: a question of molecular representation
Authors: Jacobi Richard , González Leticia
Published: April 2024

Through calculations of the energy transfer rate using structures from a thermal ensemble, we show that the standard Förster resonance energy transfer theory is capable of describing energy transfer in orthogonally arranged systems.
The effect of water in THF/water mixtures on CMC, aggregation sizes, and fluorescence quenching of a new calix[4]resorcinarene macrocycle
Authors: Sosa María Virginia , Hussain Kashif , Prieto Eduardo D. , Da Ros Tatiana , Shah M. Raza , Wolcan Ezequiel
Published: April 2024

This study explores how water content modulates the self-assembly and fluorescence behavior of a novel calixarene, C1.
Elucidation of the extraction of trivalent actinides using the DOHyA–HDEHP system: an experimental and theoretical approach
Authors: Rama Swami K. , Parvathy N. , Jennifer G Abigail , Gardas Ramesh L. , Varathan Elumalai
Published: April 2024

The highest separation factor of the combined solvent system to obtain the separation of Am(iii) from Eu(iii).
Enhanced photochemical effects of plasmonic cluster catalysts through aggregated nanostructures
Authors: Hu Xu , Zhu Zhijie , Zhou Yuxuan , Liu Shuang , Wu Chunpeng , Wang Jiaqi , Shen Yihao , Yan Tianran , Zhang Liang , Chen Jinxing , Feng Kai , Genest Alexander , Rupprechter Günther , An Xingda , Li Chaoran , He Le
Published: April 2024

Here we present an effective strategy to achieve strongly enhanced catalytic activity of platinum–copper bimetallic clusters through augmented plasmonic photochemical effects of an aggregated nanostructure.
ZnFe2O4 loaded on municipal waste-char: outstanding adsorption and photocatalytic removal of contaminants
Authors: Qureashi Aaliya , Ganaie Firdous Ahmad , Bashir Arshid , Nazir Irfan , Zia ul Haq  , Malik Lateef Ahmad , Fatima Kaniz , Alzahrani Abdullah Yahya Abdullah , Pandith Altaf Hussain
Published: April 2024

Low-cost carbonaceous materials have been synthesized and explored for the removal of harmful colored pollutants from an aqueous medium.
Diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized spiroindolines via intramolecular ipso-iodocyclization/nucleophile addition cascade reactions of indole-tethered ynones
Authors: Bag Debojyoti , Sawant Sanghapal D.
Published: April 2024

Herein, we describe a highly diastereoselective approach for synthesizing polyfunctionalized spiroindolines from indolyl-ynones involving an ipso-iodocyclization/nucleophile addition cascade.
Metal- and light-free decarboxylative direct C–H alkylation of heteroarenes at room temperature
Authors: Zhang Tong-Bo , Guan Xi-Dong , Gao Yan , Lu Shi-Chao , Li Bing-Long
Published: April 2024

This study reports a metal- and light-free decarboxylative C–H alkylation of heteroarenes at room temperature.
An efficient synthesis of mono-, di-, and tri-substituted 1,3-thiazoles employing functionalized thioamides as thiocarbonyl precursors
Authors: Sheela Kalleshappa , Santhosh Chikkappaiahnayaka , Singh Krishna Ravi , Sharath Kalleshappa , Sadashiva Maralinganadoddi P.
Published: April 2024

Herein, we report an efficient strategy to synthesize functionalized 1,3-thiazoles using alkyl 2-amino-2-thioxoacetates.
Chloride ions in health and disease
Authors: Raut Satish K. , Singh Kulwinder , Sanghvi Shridhar , Loyo-Celis Veronica , Varghese Liyah , Singh Ekam R. , Gururaja Rao Shubha , Singh Harpreet
Published: April 2024

Chloride is a key anion involved in cellular physiology by regulating its homeostasis and rheostatic processes. Changes in cellular Cl− concentration result in differential regulation of cellular functions such as transcription and translation, post-translation modifications, cell cycle and proliferation, cell volume, and pH levels. In intracellular compartments, Cl− modulates the function of lysosomes, mitochondria, endosomes, phagosomes, the nucleus, and the endoplasmic reticulum. In extracellular fluid (ECF), Cl− is present in blood/plasma and interstitial fluid compartments. A reduction in Cl− levels in ECF can result in cell volume contraction. Cl− is the key physiological anion and is a principal compensatory ion for the movement of the major cations such as Na+, K+, and Ca2+. Over the past 25 years, we have increased our understanding of cellular signaling mediated by Cl−, which has helped in understanding the molecular and metabolic changes observed in pathologies with altered Cl− levels. Here, we review the concentration of Cl− in various organs and cellular compartments, ion channels responsible for its transportation, and recent information on its physiological roles.
Mechanically operated signalling scaffolds
Authors: Ball Neil J. , Barnett Samuel F. H. , Goult Benjamin T.
Published: April 2024

Cellular signalling is a complex process and involves cascades of enzymes that, in response to a specific signal, give rise to exact cellular responses. Signalling scaffold proteins organise components of these signalling pathways in space and time to co-ordinate signalling outputs. In this review we introduce a new class of mechanically operated signalling scaffolds that are built into the cytoskeletal architecture of the cell. These proteins contain force-dependent binary switch domains that integrate chemical and mechanical signals to introduce quantised positional changes to ligands and persistent alterations in cytoskeletal architecture providing mechanomemory capabilities. We focus on the concept of spatial organisation, and how the cell organises signalling molecules at the plasma membrane in response to specific signals to create order and distinct signalling outputs. The dynamic positioning of molecules using binary switches adds an additional layer of complexity to the idea of scaffolding. The switches can spatiotemporally organise enzymes and substrates dynamically, with the introduction of ∼50 nm quantised steps in distance between them as the switch patterns change. Together these different types of signalling scaffolds and the proteins engaging them, provide a way for an ordering of molecules that extends beyond current views of the cell.
Speech-Language Outcomes in the COVID-19 Milieu for Multilingual Jamaican Preschoolers and Considerations for Telepractice Assessments
Authors: Kokotek Leslie E. , Washington Karla N. , Cunningham Barbara Jane , Acquavita Shauna P.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to characterize the communicative participation and functional speech intelligibility (i.e., how children use communication and how well they are understood across everyday life) of typically developing (TD) bilingual Jamaican preschoolers and those with functionally defined speech sound disorders (fSSDs) in the COVID-19 milieu. Findings were also compared to an existing corpus of baseline data to document and explore differences in children's speech-language outcomes secondary to pandemic-related social restrictions.

Method:

Thirty bilingual Jamaican preschoolers, 21 TD and nine with fSSDs, were assessed during the pandemic via telepractice. Association and univariate mean testing were completed to characterize children's communicative participation and functional speech intelligibility. Data were then compared to an existing corpus of baseline data (collected in person between 2013 and 2019), which included direct child assessment and parent reports and consisted of TD (
n
= 226) Jamaican Creole-English–speaking preschoolers and those with fSSDs (
n
= 39) to compare performance profiles across data sets. All participants attended schools in Kingston, Jamaica.

Results:

Measures of communicative participation remained stable in the context of the COVID-19 milieu for children in the TD and fSSD groups, but functional speech intelligibility outcomes for children with fSSDs deviated between in-person findings collected from children pre-pandemic. Between-groups differences were also found on measures of speech production accuracy but were no longer significant when considering telepractice as a covariate.

Conclusions:

Findings from this investigation serve to characterize the communicative participation and functional speech intelligibility of TD bilingual Jamaican preschoolers and those with fSSDs in the COVID-19 milieu. By extension, the results comparing data from preschoolers collected during the pandemic to an existing corpus of baseline data from a different group of preschoolers provide critical insights about multilingual children's speech-language outcomes in the context of acutely changing environmental circumstances.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25461505
Comparing Two Smoothing Approaches in Estimating Kinematic Parameters
Authors: Kuberski Stephan R. , Gafos Adamantios I.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

We compare two signal smoothing and differentiation approaches: a frequently used approach in the speech community of digital filtering with approximation of derivatives by finite differences and a spline smoothing approach widely used in other fields of human movement science.

Method:

In particular, we compare the values of a classic set of kinematic parameters estimated by the two smoothing approaches and assess, via regressions, how well these reconstructed values conform to known laws about relations between the parameters.

Results:

Substantially smaller regression errors were observed for the spline smoothing than for the filtering approach.

Conclusion:

This result is in broad agreement with reports from other fields of movement science and underpins the superiority of splines also in the domain of speech.
Testing the Continuum/Spectrum Model in Russian-Speaking Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Gomozova Militina , Lezzhova Valeriia , Dragoy Olga , Lopukhina Anastasiya
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Previously, Lancaster and Camarata (2019) showed that the continuum/spectrum model of the developmental language disorder (DLD) best explained the high heterogeneity of symptoms in children with DLD. We hypothesize that the continuum/spectrum approach can include not only children with DLD but also typically developing (TD) children with different timelines and patterns of language acquisition. This model can explain individual language profiles and deficits in children.

Method:

We assessed language abilities in a group of Russian-speaking children with DLD aged 4–7 years (
n
= 53) and their age- and gender-matched peers without speech and language diagnoses (
n
= 53, TD). We evaluated the children's performance at four language levels in production and comprehension domains, using 11 subtests of the standardized language assessment for Russian: Russian Child Language Assessment Battery (RuCLAB). Using the
k
-means cluster method and RuCLAB scores, we obtained two clusters of children and analyzed their language performance in individual subtests.

Results:

The analysis revealed that the two clusters of children both included DLD and TD participants: Group 1, with higher test scores (TD = 45, DLD = 24 children), and Group 2, with lower scores (TD = 8, DLD = 29). Children from Group 1 mostly had lower scores at one of the language levels, whereas those from Group 2 struggled at several language levels. Furthermore, children with DLD from both groups tended to be more sensitive to linguistic features such as word length, noun case, and sentence reversibility compared to TD children.

Conclusions:

The presence of two mixed groups shows that children with diagnosed DLD could perform on par with TD children, whereas some younger TD children could perform similarly to children with DLD. Our findings support the continuum/spectrum model: Linguistic skills in preschool children are a continuum, varying from high to poor skills at all language levels in comprehension and production. To describe a child's language profile, the tasks assessing all language levels should be used.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25521400
Dual Independent Rotor Axial Flux Induction Motor for Electric Vehicle Applications
Authors: Hesari Alireza , Darabi Ahmad , Pourmirzaei Deylami Fazel
Published: April 2024

This article proposes a dual independent rotor axial flux induction motor (DIR‐AFIM) with two degrees of freedom as a propulsion motor for an electric vehicle (EV). The performance of this motor in different operating conditions of the vehicle is discussed and investigated. This motor has two rotors that are mechanically independent of each other, providing driving force for the EV separately and enabling the removal of any mechanical or electrical differential. The propulsion motor can play the role of differential and also reduce the cost and complexity of the entire propulsion system in some extent. The finite element modeling of the proposed motor has been performed and the performance characteristics have been evaluated in three operating scenarios: flat path, sloped path, and turning path, taking into account the dynamics of the vehicle. Additionally, the accuracy of the simulations and modeling has been confirmed by performing some practical tests on the prototype machine. The results show that the simulations and measurements are in good agreement and the proposed propulsion system can be a suitable option for lightweight electric vehicles.
Track initialisation for multiple formations based on neutrosophic Hough transform
Authors: Penggang Yang , Kun Wang , Guangdong Feng
Published: April 2024

Track crossing is a major issue in the initialisation of multiple‐flight trajectories. To solve this problem, the authors propose a track initialisation algorithm. It uses characteristics of formation flight to find centroids of each formation with DBSCAN algorithm. Then, it initialises the track based on the centroid. The author use a Neutrosophic Hough Transform (NHT) method to improve accuracy and computational speed. That helps address errors caused by the approximation of straight lines between true points resulting from the clustering algorithm. The authors made three experiments using track initialisation data from two flight formations with five target aircraft each, over a span of three frames. NHT, Fuzzy HT, Improved Hough Transform (HT) and HT are compared. Results revealed that the average runtime of NHT was 10.2153 s. The F‐measure of NHT was 100.00%, while that of Fuzzy HT was 9.8347 s. The F‐measure of Fuzzy HT was 80.00%. The Improved HT was 12.0723 s. The F‐measure of Improved HT was 11.76% and HT was 13.783 s. And the F‐measure of HT was 6.87%. The authors lost some computation speed to achieve higher prediction accuracy. The accuracy of the NHT is higher than other methods.
A stream come true: Connecting tidal tails, shells, streams, and planes with galaxy kinematics and formation history
Authors: Valenzuela Lucas M. , Remus Rhea-Silvia
Published: April 2024

Context. The rapidly improving quality and resolution of both low surface brightness observations and cosmological simulations of galaxies enable us to address the important question of how the formation history is imprinted in the outer unrelaxed regions of galaxies, and to inspect the correlations of these imprints with another tracer of galaxy formation, the internal kinematics.

Aims. Using the hydrodynamical cosmological simulation called Magneticum Pathfinder, we identified tidal tails, shells, streams, and satellite planes, and connected them to the amount of rotational support and the formation histories of the host galaxies. This presents the first combined statistical census considering all these four types of features in hydrodynamical cosmological simulations.

Methods. Tidal features were visually classified from a three-dimensional rendering of the simulated galaxies by several scientists independently. Only features that were identified by at least half of the participating individuals were considered to be existing features. The data on satellite planes and kinematic properties of the simulated galaxies were taken from previous work. The results were compared to observations, especially from the MATLAS survey.

Results. Generally, prominent features are much more common around elliptical than around disk galaxies. Shells are preferentially found around kinematically slowly rotating galaxies in both simulations and observations, while streams can be found around all types of galaxies, with a slightly higher probability to be present around less rotationally supported galaxies. Tails and satellite planes, however, appear independently of the internal kinematics of the central galaxy, indicating that they are formed through processes that have not (yet) affected the internal kinematics. Prolate rotators have the overall highest probability to exhibit tidal features, but the highest likelihood for a specific type of feature is found for galaxies with kinematically distinct cores (KDCs), nearly 20% of which exhibit streams.

Conclusions. As shells are formed through radial merger events while streams are remnants of circular merger infall, this suggests that the orbital angular momentum of the merger event plays a more crucial role in transforming the host galaxy than previously anticipated. The existence of a shell around a given slow rotator furthermore is a sign of a radial merger formation for this particular slow rotator because one-third of the galaxies with a shell were transformed into slow rotators by the merger event that also caused the shells. The appearance of a stream around a KDC is a direct indicator for the multiple merger formation pathway of that KDC as opposed to the major merger pathway.
Laboratory simulations of ice growth in space: An expected nonuniform ice mantle composition
Authors: Jiménez-Escobar A. , Ciaravella A. , Cecchi-Pestellini C. , Sie N.-E. , Lee C.-Y. , Huang C.-H. , Caro G. M. Muñoz , Chen Y.-J.
Published: April 2024

Context. In dense, cold molecular regions, gas-phase chemical species freeze out onto grain surfaces. These icy condensates become an important reservoir of volatile elements and feedstock for molecular diversity.

Aims. While there is a fairly general agreement on the chemical composition of icy mantles, there are differences in how the various molecular components are perceived to be present. Should the materials composing the ice be mixed or are they segregated into distinct chemical zones?

Methods. To answer such a question, we performed a few exploratory experiments that allowed the adsorbing surface (mimic dust grains) to slowly relax to very low temperatures while gas-phase mixtures of H2O, NH3, and CO embed onto it.

Results. We find that mantles are far from being uniform, and they could evolve into completely mixed ices only if the ambient temperature undergoes a catastrophic collapse.

Conclusions. Under the typical conditions of an interstellar dense cloud, ices present a high degree of molecular segregation, with possible consequences on the ice chemistry and the desorption mechanisms.