bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study and Analysis of Exhaust Emission of Diesel Vehicles using Thermal IR Imagers
Authors: Jain Ajay , Sharma Amit , Borana SL , Ravindra Brahmmajyosula , Mangalhara JP
Published: December 2018

Exhaust emission analysis from diesel vehicles has received a lot of attention in recent times in the context of implementation of Bharat Stage-IV norms and thermal signature analysis for civil and military applications. The exhaust emission thermal IR signatures of military diesel vehicles such as truck and bus using a gas analyser and thermal imager under idling and accelerating conditions of these vehicles is investigated. Concentration and temperature of diesel exhaust emission CO, NOx, and HC remains almost constant during engine running in idle condition and varies with the engine acceleration. Exhaust gases maximum temperature reaches in the range of 240 °C - 270 °C during engine acceleration. A detailed investigation of thermal signature in mid wave infrared, 3 µm - 5 µm waveband and long wave infrared, 8 µm - 14 µm waveband is also presented under the same engine running conditions. Thermal image analysis exhibited that the area of thermal IR image of diesel vehicles truck and bus has been increased 0.077 per cent and 0.594 per cent, respectively with the engine acceleration. It has been observed that thermal signature of exhaust gases is a good tool for vehicle exhaust emission visualisation and analysis.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Engine Foundation for Vibration Reduction
Authors: Ramakrishna Varanasi , Krishna Shinadam Rama , Kumar PVS Ganesh
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study is to minimise frequency response of engine foundation using topology optimisation. The study involves vibration response estimation of an existing marine engine foundation, validation of estimations with measurements and estimation of reduction in vibration response after optimisation. Initially, solid model of baseline model is generated using dimensions of the existing foundation measured by a laser line probe coordinate measuring machine. Harmonic analysis is used to find the vibration response of the foundation. These results are experimentally validated by the measurements on the foundation using the vibration testing. Frequency response topology optimisation is then carried out on the baseline model to reduce vibration response with specified constraints and objective function. Subsequently, harmonic analysis is performed on the topology optimised design to verify the reduction in vibration response. From these results, it is observed that considerable frequency response is reduced with modified design compared to baseline model.
Association of Melanocortin 4 Receptor gene polymorphism with growth traits in Bligon goat
Authors: Latifah L. , Maharani D. , Kustantinah A. , Hartatik T.
Published: December 2018

Melanocortin 4 receptor gene is a potential marker gene for growth performance in ruminant and non-ruminant animals. The objective of this study was to perform allele and genotype frequencies, and association of melanocortin 4 receptor with growth traits in Bligon goat. Seventy seven blood samples were collected and DNA isolated successfully. One pair primers were used for PCR of MC4R gene (F: 5’-TCGGGCGTCTTGTTCATCAT-3’ and R: 5’-CAAGACTGGGCACTGCTTCA-3’). Two SNPs (g.998A/G and g.1079C/T) were identified in exon of Bligon MC4R by DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP. The SNP g.998A/G identified amino acid change from isoleucine to methionine (I-M), while the SNP g.1079C/T was synonymous polymorphism. Based on relationship analysis between Genotype of MC4R gene (SNP g.998A/G) and growth traits indicated that GG genotype was lowest in weaning weight (WW; AA=13.0±1.7; AG=11.2±3.6; GG=9.2±3.9), weaning body length (WBL; AA=46.8±2.4; AG=46.3±6.0; GG=43.8±5.3) and weaning chest circumference (WCC; AA=50.9±4.0; AG=50.7±4.6; GG=47.1±7.3) compare to AA and AG genotype (p<0.05). Individual with CC and CT genotypes at SNP g.1079C/T had higher (P<0.05) in WW (CC=12.6±2.1; CT=12.5±2.5) and average daily gain (ADG; CC=81.2±21.8; CT=79.3±26.2) than TT genotype (WW=10.6±3.1; ADG=58.3±30.5). This results suggested that SNP g.998A/G and g.1079C/T of MC4R gene could be used as the genetic marker of growth traits for selection in Bligon goat.
Agroclimatic effects on milk production and sub-clinical mastitis prevalence in dairy cattle
Authors: Susanty H. , Purwanto B.P. , Sudarwanto M. , Atabany A.
Published: December 2018

The present study was done to observe effect of agroclimate on milk production and prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis of local Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle in Indonesian small holder dairy farms. The research side were located in Region of <1000 masl and ≥1000 m above sea level (asl) in west Java. Data were obtained from 133 small holder dairy farms included 336 dairy cows in normal lactation period. Parameters observed were agro-climate condition, feed consumption, milk production and milk quality, and sub-clinical mastitis prevalence. Result sowed that THI at <1000 m asl had a range of 76.1-76.7 leads to mild heat stress, while THI at ≥1000 m asl had a range of 66.2 - 66.8 which makes comfort environment to the dairy cow. Differences in feed consumption (P<0.01), milk production and quality (P<0.05) were found among two altitude study location. Milk production at ≥1000 m asl was 2.3 kg higher than at <1000 m asl. The udder health status was also different, a 51% of total sample at <1000 masl was detected sub-clinical mastitis (SCM) as high criteria, while 42% samples that were collected at ≥1000 m asl detected sub-clinical mastitis as middle criteria. In conclusion, agro-climate condition (THI) affect animal’s comfort, milk production and sub-clinical mastitis prevalence.
Effect of Lactobacillus sp. probiotics on intestinal histology, Escherichia coli in excreta and broiler performance
Authors: Hidayat M.N. , Malaka R. , Agustina L. , Pakiding W.
Published: December 2018

The study was conducted to determine the effect of Lactobacillus sp. in intestinal histology, total amount of Escherichia coli in broiler chicken excreta and broiler performance. Research has been conducted using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications utilize 15 chickens. Lactobacillus sp. 5.8 x 107 CFU/mL was mixed in drinking water and also feed commercial concentrates together ad libitum. The results showed that treatment had significant effect (P <0.05) on weight gain, ration conversion, and final weight. There was no difference (P>0.05) ration consumption on doses of Lactobacillus sp. treatment 0 mL/days, 1 ml/days, 3 ml/days, and 5 ml/days. In general, the probiotic treatments of 1, 3, and 5 mL/days of lactobacillus sp. were better at villus height, villus surface area, weight gain, final weight, and feed conversion compared to control. Treatment a dose of 3 mL / d (1.7 x 108 CFU) is the best dose in providing optimal response to histology of the small intestine, and broiler performance. Treatment 5 mL/days has the lowest amount of Escherichia coli in manure of broiler. In conclusion, Lactobacillus sp. can be used as one candidate probiotic for broiler.
Utility of anthropometric indicators to screen for clustered cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents
Authors: de Quadros Teresa Maria Bianchini , Gordia Alex Pinheiro , Andaki Alynne Christian Ribeiro , Mendes Edmar Lacerda , Mota Jorge , Silva Luciana Rodrigues
Published: December 2018

Background

Anthropometric indicators are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF), but there is no consensus as to which indicator is the most suitable to screen for clustered CMRF. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of five anthropometric indicators to screen for clustered CMRF in children and adolescents.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1139 schoolchildren aged 6–17 years from Northeastern Brazil. Body weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and subscapular (SSF) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. The following CMRF were evaluated: elevated total cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high triglyceride concentration, hyperglycemia and high blood pressure. The participants were categorized into no CMRF, 1 CMRF, 2 CMRF and ≥3 CMRF. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the accuracy of the anthropometric indicators in predicting CMRF for age group and sex.

Results

Poor associations were observed between the anthropometric indicators and 1 CMRF (accuracy of 0.49–0.64). The indicators showed moderate associations with 2 CMRF (accuracy of 0.57–0.75) and ≥3 CMRF (accuracy of 0.59–0.79). In general, TSF exhibited the worst performance in predicting CMRF, followed by WHtR. The highest accuracies were observed for BMI, WC and SSF, with no significant difference between these indicators.

Conclusions

The routine use of BMI, WC and SSF as epidemiological screening tools for clustered CMRF in childhood and adolescence should be encouraged.
Familial ROBO1 deletion associated with ectopic posterior pituitary, duplication of the pituitary stalk and anterior pituitary hypoplasia
Authors: Scala Marcello , Accogli Andrea , Allegri Anna Maria Elsa , Tassano Elisa , Severino Mariasavina , Morana Giovanni , Maghnie Mohamad , Capra Valeria
Published: December 2018

Background

The genetic causes of abnormal pituitary development have been extensively studied in the last few years. ROBO1 is involved in neurogenesis and axon guidance. Loss-of-function variants in ROBO1 have been associated with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS), suggesting that its haploinsufficiency could impair the guidance of hypothalamic axons to the pituitary gland leading to developmental abnormalities.

Case presentation

We report a 4.5-year-old girl with anterior pituitary hypoplasia and pituitary stalk duplication in the ventral-dorsal direction. Her father had a similar pituitary phenotype, characterized by anterior pituitary hypoplasia combined with ectopic posterior pituitary. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) microarray analysis identified a 343.7 kb deletion of 3p12.3 encompassing ROBO1 in both individuals.

Conclusions

We report the first familial ROBO1 deletion in two individuals with peculiar pituitary anomalies, including the rare pituitary stalk duplication in the ventral-dorsal direction. These findings widen the spectrum of the phenotypes associated with ROBO1 haploinsufficiency and support its role in human pituitary development.
El uso de Instagram por los partidos políticos catalanes durante el referéndum del 1-O / The use of Instagram by Catalan political parties during the referendum of 1 October
Authors: Cartes Barroso Manuel Jesús
Published: December 2018

Instagram es una de las redes sociales de moda del momento. En el nuevo ecosistema digital, las asociaciones, las empresas y las organizaciones han comenzado a comprender el provecho de tener presencia en esta red social, entre ellas las pertenecientes al ámbito de la política, como es el caso de los partidos políticos. En España, concretamente, su empleo emerge en la actualidad, siendo un claro ejemplo de esta situación la comunicación que desarrollaron las formaciones catalanas a través de Instagram, durante la celebración del referéndum de independencia de esta comunidad autónoma, el 1 de octubre de 2017. Por la importancia mediática y la amplia difusión dada en las redes sociales a este evento, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el uso que las formaciones políticas con representación en el Parlamento de Cataluña dieron a la red social desarrollada por Kevin Systrom y Mike Krieger, para conocer el grado de importancia que tiene en el ámbito político. La metodología que aplicamos es el análisis de contenido, en sus vertientes cualitativa y cuantitativa. Entre las conclusiones principales, podemos afirmar que los partidos políticos no utilizan todas las posibilidades de esta red social. Y, por otro lado, que las formaciones independentistas y los seguidores de sus cuentas en Instagram son los más activos durante el periodo analizado.
Stimulus Context and Reward Contingency Induce Behavioral Adaptation in a Rodent Tactile Detection Task
Authors: Waiblinger Christian , Wu Caroline M. , Bolus Michael F. , Borden Peter Y. , Stanley Garrett B.
Published: December 2018

Behavioral adaptation is a prerequisite for survival in a constantly changing sensory environment, but the underlying strategies and relevant variables driving adaptive behavior are not well understood. Many learning models and neural theories consider probabilistic computations as an efficient way to solve a variety of tasks, especially if uncertainty is involved. Although this suggests a possible role for probabilistic inference and expectation in adaptive behaviors, there is little if any evidence of this relationship experimentally. Here, we investigated adaptive behavior in the rat model by using a well controlled behavioral paradigm within a psychophysical framework to predict and quantify changes in performance of animals trained on a simple whisker-based detection task. The sensory environment of the task was changed by transforming the probabilistic distribution of whisker deflection amplitudes systematically while measuring the animal's detection performance and corresponding rate of accumulated reward. We show that the psychometric function deviates significantly and reversibly depending on the probabilistic distribution of stimuli. This change in performance relates to accumulating a constant reward count across trials, yet it is exempt from changes in reward volume. Our simple model of reward accumulation captures the observed change in psychometric sensitivity and predicts a strategy seeking to maintain reward expectation across trials in the face of the changing stimulus distribution. We conclude that rats are able maintain a constant payoff under changing sensory conditions by flexibly adjusting their behavioral strategy. Our findings suggest the existence of an internal probabilistic model that facilitates behavioral adaptation when sensory demands change.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe strategy animals use to deal with a complex and ever-changing world is a key to understanding natural behavior. This study provides evidence that rodent behavioral performance is highly flexible in the face of a changing stimulus distribution, consistent with a strategy to maintain a desired accumulation of reward.
A Corticotropin Releasing Factor Network in the Extended Amygdala for Anxiety
Authors: Pomrenze Matthew B. , Tovar-Diaz Jorge , Blasio Angelo , Maiya Rajani , Giovanetti Simone M. , Lei Kelly , Morikawa Hitoshi , Hopf F. Woodward , Messing Robert O.
Published: December 2018

The central amygdala (CeA) is important for fear responses to discrete cues. Recent findings indicate that the CeA also contributes to states of sustained apprehension that characterize anxiety, although little is known about the neural circuitry involved. The stress neuropeptide corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is anxiogenic and is produced by subpopulations of neurons in the lateral CeA and the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (dlBST). Here we investigated the function of these CRF neurons in stress-induced anxiety using chemogenetics in male rats that express Cre recombinase from aCrhpromoter. Anxiety-like behavior was mediated by CRF projections from the CeA to the dlBST and depended on activation of CRF1 receptors and CRF neurons within the dlBST. Our findings identify a CRFCeA→CRFdlBSTcircuit for generating anxiety-like behavior and provide mechanistic support for recent human and primate data suggesting that the CeA and BST act together to generate states of anxiety.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnxiety is a negative emotional state critical to survival, but persistent, exaggerated apprehension causes substantial morbidity. Identifying brain regions and neurotransmitter systems that drive anxiety can help in developing effective treatment. Much evidence in rodents indicates that neurons in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) generate anxiety-like behaviors, but more recent findings also implicate neurons of the CeA. The neuronal subpopulations and circuitry that generate anxiety are currently subjects of intense investigation. Here we show that CeA neurons that release the stress neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) drive anxiety-like behaviors in rats via a pathway to dorsal BST that activates local BST CRF neurons. Thus, our findings identify a CeA→BST CRF neuropeptide circuit that generates anxiety-like behavior.
Recent transformations in Cuban agricultural policy and impacts on markets and production
Authors: González Armando Nova , Alfonso Galia Figueroa
Published: December 2018

The Cuban government has implemented a series of agricultural transformations since 2007 to increase the country’s agricultural self-sufficiency and reduce its dependence on food imports. These include the transfer in usufruct, i.e. use rights only, of State-owned land to non-State producers (i.e. cooperatives and private farmers), moderate price reforms, the decentralization of decision making, and the gradual relaxation of existing forms of agricultural commercialization. As a result of these measures, the area planted, as well as physical output and agricultural yields (in selected non-sugar crop categories) have shown mixed results, and still remain below desired levels. There are three fundamental unresolved issues that have prevented Cuba’s agricultural sector from achieving desired levels: (1) the need to achieve the “realization of property”; (2) recognition and acceptance of the market as a complementary economy in coordination with a planning mechanism; and (3) absence of a systemic focus to achieve the successful completion of the agricultural production cycle (i.e. the value chain). These unresolved issues should be addressed through: (1) consolidating markets for inputs, where producers can obtain essential inputs at prices that correspond to the prices they can obtain for their output; (2) granting greater autonomy to agricultural producers to allow them to decide when, where, and to whom they can sell their output, after social contracts have been fulfilled; (3) diversifying types of agricultural commercialization to permit greater participation by non-State economic actors; (4) allowing agricultural producers to freely hire the labor necessary to sustain and increase production; and (5) providing agricultural producers with needed financing and technical assistance. Please refer to Supplementary Materials, Full text Spanish version of this article, for a full text Spanish version of this article.
Cuba’s agrifood system in transition, an introduction to the Elementa Special Feature
Authors: Fernandez Margarita , Nelson Erin , Locke Kim A. , Figueroa Galia , Funes-Aguilar Fernando
Published: December 2018

Cuba’s experience in sustainable agriculture and agroecology has been the subject of much international attention, particularly as advocates of agroecology aim to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing alternatives to industrial agriculture on a national scale to support ecological resilience, food security, food sovereignty, and human wellbeing. Such attention has increased since relations between the U.S. and Cuba began to normalize, stimulating speculation as to how this will affect Cuba’s advances in sustainability. The Special Feature Cuba Agrifood Systems in Transition analyses the nuances of agroecological development in Cuba. We emphasized amplifying the voices of locally-based researchers and practitioners by targeting manuscript invitations to Cuban scholars and publishing in both Spanish and English. We outline the process, challenges and goals of this unique endeavor and introduce seven articles, all contributions from Cuba except for one, which is a collaboration between U.S. based and Cuba based scholars. These articles unpack some of the complexities of Cuba’s agrifood system transition and draw on specific information and experiences to discuss successes and challenges of this transition. We thus underline the instructive value of the Cuban experience regarding the path to agrifood system sustainability and hope to spark new collaborative opportunities as scholars and citizens around the world look to develop agrifood systems that will sustain human society long into the future. Please refer to Supplementary Materials, Full text Spanish version of this article, for a full text Spanish version of this article.
New opportunities, new challenges: Harnessing Cuba’s advances in agroecology and sustainable agriculture in the context of changing relations with the United States
Authors: Fernandez Margarita , Williams Justine , Figueroa Galia , Graddy-Lovelace Garrett , Machado Mario , Vazquez Luis , Perez Nilda , Casimiro Leidy , Romero Graciela , Funes-Aguilar Fernando
Published: December 2018

Cuba’s transition to agroecology is perhaps as widely known as it is misunderstood. In response to the economic crisis of the early 1990s, the Cuban agricultural sector largely departed from the industrial model of food production that it had previously pursued. The subsequent transition towards an agroecological model has been a dynamic and uneven process, elevating Cuba on the world stage as a global leader in sustainable agriculture while at the same time producing unique challenges for Cuban farmers, policy makers, researchers and academics. This article synthesizes and updates contemporary literature on the Cuban agricultural system, paying attention to both successes and shortcomings of agroecology in Cuba to date. In particular, it situates these literatures alongside contributions from academics and practitioners alike, bringing a number of data sets, experiences, and perspectives into conversation in the context of changing realities within Cuba and the nation’s evolving geopolitical relationship with the United States. By analyzing both the historical and contemporary processes through which agroecology has taken root in Cuba, we demonstrate that, despite its uneven and incomplete implementation, such a sustainable agroecological transition holds great, untapped potential. Agroecology in Cuba currently faces pressure from normalizing Cuba-US relations, with potentially profound implications for agriculture in both countries. But increasing opportunities are also emerging for investment, collaboration, knowledge exchange, and solidarity. In this paper, we provide an overview of the evolution of the Cuban agroecology movement; analyze the state of food security and challenges to food sovereignty on the island today; outline US-Cuba policy changes occurring since December 2014 that may affect the agrifood sector; and conclude with recommendations for supporting agroecology – for food security, food sovereignty, and sustainability – under this new and evolving relationship. Please refer to Supplementary Materials, Full text Spanish version of this article, for a full text Spanish version of this article.
Pharmacokinetic interaction between mitotane and etoposide in adrenal carcinoma: a pilot study
Authors: Jouinot Anne , Royer Bernard , Chatelut Etienne , Moeung Sotheara , Assié Guillaume , Thomas-Schoemann Audrey , Bertherat Jérôme , Goldwasser François , Blanchet Benoit
Published: December 2018

Background

The combination of mitotane and platinum-etoposide chemotherapy is a front-line treatment in metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), although this regimen shows limited efficacy. Pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction between mitotane, a strong CYP3A4 inducer, and etoposide, which is a substrate of CYP3A4, may contribute to chemoresistance. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the pharmacokinetic interaction between mitotane and etoposide in ACC patients.

Methods

Five consecutive ACC patients treated with platinum etoposide (120–150 mg/m2 day 1–2–3 at cycle 1), with or without concomitant mitotane, were included. In the absence of limiting toxicity, a dose escalation of etoposide was proposed since cycle 2. Plasma etoposide concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography at 0, 4 and 24 h after each infusion. Clearance and area under the curve (AUC) of etoposide were determined at each cycle.

Results

Patients received two to six chemotherapy cycles, in association with mitotane (N = 4) or after mitotane discontinuation (N = 1). Etoposide clearance was two-fold higher with concomitant mitotane (4.95 L/h) than after mitotane discontinuation (2.53 L/h, P = 0.014), and 2.5-fold higher than that in reference population not treated with mitotane (1.81 L/h). Etoposide dose escalation was performed in four patients under mitotane, resulting in two minor tumor responses and one severe toxicity (febrile aplasia) at dose of 300 mg/m2/day. Tumor response was associated with higher etoposide AUC (267.3 vs 188.8 mg.h/L, P = 0.04).

Conclusion

A drug–drug interaction between mitotane and etoposide may contribute to the low efficacy of platinum-etoposide chemotherapy. This pilot study suggests further a potential benefit of increasing etoposide dose in ACC patients receiving mitotane.
Pre-operative right ventricular echocardiographic parameters associated with short-term outcomes and long-term mortality after CABG
Authors: Chowdhury Mohammed Andaleeb , Cook Jered M. , Moukarbel George V. , Ashtiani Sana , Schwann Thomas A. , Bonnell Mark R. , Cooper Christopher J. , Khouri Samer J.
Published: December 2018

Background: This analysis aims to assess the prognostic value of pre-operative right ventricular echocardiographic parameters in predicting short-term adverse outcomes and long-term mortality after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

Methods: Study design: Observational retrospective cohort. Pre-operative echocardiographic data, perioperative adverse outcomes (POAO) and long-term mortality were retrospectively analyzed in 491 patients who underwent isolated CABG at a single academic center between 2006 and 2014.

Results: Average age of enrolled subjects was 66 ± 11.5 years with majority being male (69%). 227/491 patients had 30 days POAO (46%); most common being post-operative atrial fibrillation (27.3%) followed by prolonged ventilation duration (12.7%). On multivariate analysis, left atrial volume index ≥ 42 mL/m2 (LAVI) (OR (95% CI): 1.98 (1.03-3.82), P = 0.04), mitral E/A > 2 (1.97 (1.02-3.78), P = 0.04), right atrial size >18 cm2 (1.86 (1.14-3.05), P = 0.01), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) <16 mm (1.8 (1.03-3.17), P = 0.04), right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) =36 mmHg (pulmonary hypertension) (1.6 (1.03-2.38), P = 0.04) and right ventricle myocardial performance index (RVMPI) > 0.55 (1.58 (1.01-2.46), P = 0.04) were found to be associated with increased 30-day POAO. On 3.5-year follow-up, cumulative survival was decreased in patients with myocardial performance index (MPI) ≥ 0.55 (log rank: 4.5, P = 0.034) and in patients with mitral valve E/e′ ≥ 14 (log rank: 4.9, P = 0.026).

Conclusion: Pre-operative right ventricle dysfunction (RVD) is associated with increased perioperative complications. Furthermore, pre-operative RVD and increased left atrial pressures are associated with long-term mortality post CABG.
Confirmación de la presencia del tiburón cadena, Scyliorhinus retifer (Garman, 1881), en el suroeste del Golfo de México
Authors: Moral-Flores Luis Fernando , Paleo-Delgado Sheila
Published: December 2018

El tiburón cadena, Scyliorhinus retifer, es una especie demersal ovípara del Atlántico noroccidental, el límite sur de distribución no es preciso. En el Golfo de México la mayoría de sus registros corresponden al área nororiental, con registros esporádicos. Reportamos la presencia de la especie y su morfometría con base en dos especímenes macho maduros, 518 y 527 mm de longitud total, capturados en la costa suroccidental del Golfo de México.
Qualitative Properties of the Shear Viscosity of Liquids
Authors: Makhlaichuk V. M.
Published: December 2018

In this paper, two theses are substantiated. (i) The viscosity of liquids in the larger part of the temperature interval, where this phase state exists, is governed by frictional effects between the molecular layers that move relative to one another. (ii) Argon and water at temperatures TH < T < TC (TH ≈ 315 K and TC is the corresponding critical temperature) have kinetic coefficients belonging to the same class of similarity. This is so because the behavior of the shear viscosity in water is driven by the averaged interaction potential between the molecules. On the basis of the similarity principle applied to the corresponding states of water and argon, the self-diffusion and shear viscosity coefficients of water are calculated. The inadequacy of activation mechanisms responsible for the formation of the viscosity and self-diffusion processes in water and most low-molecular liquids is discussed.
Moment redistribution in continuous steel-fibre-reinforced concrete slabs
Authors: Venkateshwaran Akshay , Tan Kiang Hwee
Published: December 2018

The phenomenon of moment redistribution in steel-fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) members has not been adequately studied. In this study, the phenomenon was investigated by conducting point-load tests on seven two-span, one-way continuous slabs without traditional reinforcement. Significant redistribution of moments from the elastic values was observed at the critical mid-span and interior support sections. An analytical approach to predict the moment–curvature response of SFRC is presented, with which the predicted variation of moments with increasing load compared to the observed trends with reasonable accuracy. Also, the analytical approach predicts the load-carrying capacity of the slabs within 8% of the average observed values, with a standard deviation of 8%. In addition, the load–deflection curves of the slabs were well predicted. The results are beneficial for the analysis and design of a SFRC slabs-on-pile system by considering moment redistribution due to slab continuity.
Experimental and numerical study of RC columns under lateral low-velocity impact load
Authors: Anil Özgür , Yilmaz M. Cem , Barmaki Waheedullah
Published: December 2018

Reinforced concrete (RC) columns subjected to lateral impact loading were experimentally and numerically investigated to observe the effects of various parameters on the impact response of the columns. A free-falling weight test setup, designed by one of the authors, was used to apply impact loading to the RC columns. Eight test specimens of square cross-section were fabricated and tested. The main variables considered were the application point of impact loading, the shear reinforcement spacing and the concrete compressive strength. Acceleration, displacement and impact load measurements were taken during the impact tests. The general behaviour of the test specimens, their collapse mechanisms and acceleration–time, displacement–time and impact load–time relationships were interpreted and load–displacement relationships were obtained. The results showed that the transverse reinforcement spacing had a significant effect on the overall impact resistance of the considered columns. Finite-element analyses of the tested specimens were performed using the Ansys Autodyn explicit solver to investigate the impact behaviour further. Reasonable accuracy was achieved in the numerical simulations.
DALEX NonTox PAGE Stain v1
Authors: Frommholz David , Ehl Alexandra , Stefanczyk Nadine
Published: December 2018

DALEX NonTox PAGE Stain is a non-toxic Commassie based protein dye for the detection of bands in SDS and Native PAGE. The easy and fast staining procedure does not require time consuming destaining of the gels and is compatible with mass spectrometry. First protein bands are visible within minutes and in most cases gel documentation can be done after 15-30 minutes of staining. The sensitivity depends on the gel’s lane width and on how “packed” the protein band is, which depends on various factors such as acrylamide percentage of separation/stacking gel and MW of the protein. Under ideal conditions the detection limit can be as low as 5 ng per band.
Workflow - Digitisation of Microscope Slides using Automated Processing v1
Authors: Allan Louise , Livermore Laurence , Price Ben , Shchedrina Olha , Smith Vince
Published: December 2018

A workflow for microscope slide digitisation (whole slide imaging), which is composed of individual slide imaging and automated post-processing made possible by using multiple barcodes that encode specimen metadata to enable automated file renaming, and a fixed imaging template to enable automated image processing. This workflow consists of three modules: 1) pre-digitisation curation, 2) specimen image capture, and 3) specimen image processing and electronic data capture.
Reconstruction of the Human Hand Functional Structure Based On a Magnetomyogram
Authors: Ustinin M.N. , Rykunov S.D. , Polikarpov M.A. , Yurenya A.Y. , Naurzakov S.P. , Grebenkin A.P. , Panchenko V.Y.
Published: December 2018

The new method of magnetomyography data analysis is proposed. The method is based on the Fourier transform of prolonged time series and on the massive solution
of the inverse problem for all spectral components. For the method testing the following experiment was proposed. The subject clenched and relaxed the hand for
five minutes, holding the handle, fixed on the table. Magnetomyograms were registered near the hand using the 7-channel SQUID-magnetometer based on the axial
second-order gradiometers. The subject and experimental setup were placed inside a thick-walled aluminum camera, designed for shielding from an alternating electromagnetic
field. No shielding from static magnetic field was used. Magnetomyograms with amplitude 20 picoTesla were registered in broad frequency band (up to 500 Hz), signal
to noise ratio was more than 20. After filtering and extracting of clench/relax periods two synthetic 135 seconds myograms were formed. The multichannel spectra were calculated,
and the functional tomograms were estimated. In case of the relaxed hand, no significant object was reconstructed. In case of the clenched hand, the 3D-object was extracted,
representing the functional structure of the muscles, tensed in this experiment. The method can be used for diagnostics and study of the human muscle system.
Educación inclusiva. Sonrisas y lágrimas
Authors: Echeita Sarrionandia Gerardo
Published: December 2018

RESUMENEn este artículo se analiza el significado global que tiene el derecho a una educación inclusiva, que internacionalmente está formalmente establecido. Al hilo de algunas preguntas básicas sobre esta cuestión y de sus respectivas respuestas, se articula el análisis sobre el sentido, las dimensiones, y dilemas a los que hoy se enfrentan los agentes educativos encargados de implementarla, en particular en España, si bien muchos de ellos son similares en otras partes del mundo. La contradicción fragrante entre lo que se dice en las normas y lo que realmente ocurre en muchos centros educativos, “entre lo dicho y lo hecho”, genera enormes tensiones y desgarros emocionales que afectan muy negativamente a muchos estudiantes vulnerables y a sus familias.Palabras Clave: educación inclusiva, derecho, dilemas,contradicciones.ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the overall meaning which has the right to inclusive education that internationally is formally established. The analysis of the dimensions regarding inclusive education, besides the dilemmas faced by educational stakeholders responsible for implementing, its organised trough some basic questions and their answer. This analysis is relevant for the Spanish context but also in other countries around de world. The big gap among theory and practices, create enormous tensions and emotional tears that affect very negatively to many vulnerable students and their families.Keywords: inclusive education, rigths, dilemmas, contradictions.
Contradicciones en la educación inclusiva a través de un estudio multiescalar
Authors: Vigo Arrazola Begoña , Dieste Gracia Belén
Published: December 2018

RESUMENEn un contexto en el que los servicios de educación han sido transformados en una dirección neoliberal, tanto la inclusión como la participación de las familias son aspectos destacados en una educación de calidad. Sin embargo, los efectos del Nuevo Mercado, en términos de participación, justicia y equidad, no han sido favorables para la elección de escuelas en áreas geográficas con desventaja social y económica. Este artículo intenta mostrar la comprensión que tienen estas escuelas como espacios educativos a partir del análisis en profundidad de una escuela. El estudio realizado desde un proyecto etnográfico multiescalar en ocho escuelas de Aragón, en España, a través de observación participante y entrevistas a maestros/as, alumnos, padres, madres, equipos psicopedagógicos e inspectores, muestra cómo los miembros de esta escuela se presentan a sí mismos de distinta manera a cómo lo hacen la administración, los medios de comunicación o los miembros de la misma ciudad. El conocimiento del lugar y espacio, la conexión de la vida de los alumnos con el curriculum y el desarrollo profesional de los profesores son estrategias que dan cuenta de las prácticas de educación inclusiva en la escuela. El artículo señala los diferentes discursos como consideraciones para la administración educativa.Palabras Clave: etnografía, escuela estigmatizadas, participación de familias, inclusión.ABSTRACTIn a context where education services have been transformed in a neo-liberal direction, the inclusion and the participation of parents in schools is stressed as an important aspect of quality. Nevertheless, the effects of the new market, in terms of participation, justice and equity are negative on school availability and selection in disadvantage areas. This article tries to show the understandings of these schools as educational spaces, through a deep analysis of one school. The study carried out from an ethnographic research multi-scalar project in eight schools of Aragon in Spain from participant observation and interviews with teachers, students, parents, counsellors and inspectors, shows how members of schools are present as in a different way to representations of the administration, media or members of the town. Results show as the knowledge of spatial conditions, connection between students’ life and curriculum and professional development, are strategies closer to an inclusive school. This article highlights different contradictions to consider by the educational administration.Keywords: ethnography, school stigmatisation, parental participation, inclusion.
¿Están los futuros profesores formados en inclusión?: Validación de un cuestionario de evaluación
Authors: González-Gil Francisca , Martín-Pastor Elena , Orgaz Baz Begoña
Published: December 2018

RESUMENEl objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la validación de una escala para evaluar la formación inicial en educación inclusiva de estudiantes universitarios de las titulaciones de educación. Para ello se partió de una escala que ha pasado ya una primera validación dirigida a profesionales en ejercicio (CEFI-R). Se contó con una muestra de 202 profesores españoles que impartían docencia en todas las etapas educativas y con 495 estudiantes universitarios de los grados de maestro y pedagogía y del máster de secundaria. Se describe el desarrollo del proceso de validación, que ha dado como resultado un cuestionario con 16 ítems agrupados en 4 dimensiones de inclusión: concepción de la diversidad, metodología, apoyos y participación de la comunidad.Palabras Clave: formación inicial, cuestionario, validación, educación inclusiva, estudiantes universitarios.ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is the review and validation of an instrument to assess future teachers training needs for inclusion. To do this, it was used a validated instrument for inservice teachers (CEFI-R). For this purpose, we used a sample of 202 Spanish teachers with experience in all educational stages and 495 students from education Grades and Posgrades. This work describes the validation process, which resulted in the development of a 16-item questionnaire grouped into 4 inclusion indicators: conception of diversity, methodology, supports, and community participation.Keywords: initial teacher training, questionnaire, validation, inclusive education, university students.
Procesos que obstaculizan la inclusión en la educación secundaria obligatoria. Muchas sombras y todavía pocas luces
Authors: Forteza-Forteza Dolors , Moreno-Tallón Francisca
Published: December 2018

RESUMENLas medidas extraordinarias de atención a la diversidad en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) son objeto de la investigación que presentamos en este artículo. Con diferente denominación según la comunidad autónoma, nos centramos en una de estas medidas, el Programa de Intervención Educativa (PIE), cuyos destinatarios son alumnos en situación de riesgo personal o social. Desde una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa analizamos un caso para profundizar en las vivencias de alumnos con dificultades de comportamiento que forman parte de un PIE. Se recogió la información a través de entrevistas y la observación, y el análisis de documentos fue una técnica complementaria para garantizar la triangulación de fuentes de registro. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto el complejo contexto de tensiones que atraviesan los alumnos con dificultades de comportamiento en un programa específico. Las conclusiones interpelan al diálogo con el alumnado, a intervenciones educativas en el aula, a la aceptación de las biografías personales y al derecho de que se satisfagan sus necesidades junto con los iguales, para eliminar las barreras y obstáculos que estos alumnos viven diariamente durante su trayectoria escolar. Se requieren respuestas educativas significativamente contextualizadas para favorecer la inclusión de todo el alumnado.Palabras Clave: educación secundaria, exclusión, dificultades de comportamiento, medidas extraordinarias, educación inclusiva.ABSTRACTThe extraordinary measures of attention to diversity in Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) are the subject of the research presented in this article. With a different denomination according to the autonomous community, we focus on one of these measures, the Educational Intervention Program (PIE), whose beneficiaries are students at personal or social risk. From a qualitative methodological perspective we analyze a case to deepen the experiences of students with behavioral difficulties that are part of a PIE. Information was collected through interviews and observation, and document analysis was a complementary technique to ensure the triangulation of registry sources. The results highlight the complex context of tensions that students with behavioral difficulties go through in a specific program. The conclusions call for dialogue with students, for educational interventions in the classroom, for the acceptance of personal biographies and the right to meet their needs with peers, to eliminate the barriers that these students live daily during their school career. Significant contextualized educational responses are required to encourage the inclusion of all students.Keywords: secondary education, exclusion, behavioral difficulties, extraordinary measures, inclusive education.
Leer por placer: ¡lo primero, oír los libros!
Authors: Santana Hernández Rafael , Alemán Falcón Jesús A. , López Torrijo Manuel
Published: December 2018

RESUMENA pesar de la enorme inversión en recursos de todo tipo para lograr la alfabetización universal, los bajos niveles lectores alcanzados al finalizar la educación secundaría, así como los pobres hábitos de lectura en adultos, constituyen un problema y un reto de mejora en todas las sociedades desarrolladas. Este trabajo aborda esta cuestión y enfatiza la necesidad de evidenciar a los niños y niñas pequeños qué hay en los libros y qué representan, mucho antes de que aprendan a leer. Se presenta una breve revisión de investigaciones sobre los efectos y beneficios de la lectura en voz alta entre padres o educadores infantiles y niños, desde edad muy temprana, como estrategia compartida para oír los libros, a implementar mucho antes del aprendizaje formal del código escrito en las escuelas. Se describen los formatos y características de este tipo de interacción social desde la responsabilidad parental y se justifica su potencialidad y necesidad para hacer de la lectura una actividad placentera, también en situaciones de pobreza, exclusión social o diversidad funcional.Palabras Clave: alfabetización inicial, lectura compartida, lectura dialógica, lectura en voz alta, lectura emergente.ABSTRACTThe low reader level achieved at the end of the secondary school education and the poor level of reading habits at adults is a problema and a challenge of improvement in all developed societies despite the enormous investment in all kinds of resources to achieve universal literacy. This paper addresses this issue and it emphasizes the need to show young children what is in the books and what they represent, long time before they learn to read. We present a brief review of researches about the effects and benefits of reading aloud among parents, educators and children from a very early age. It is a shared strategy to listen to books, to be implemented long before the formal learning of written code in schools. It describes the formats and characteristics of this type of social interaction from parental responsibility and it justifies its potentiality and need to make reading a pleasant activity, also in situations of poverty, social exclusión or functional diversity.Keywords: nitial literacy, shared reading, dialogic reading, reading aloud, emergent reading
Diez años de smartphones. Un análisis semiótico-comunicacional del impacto social de la telefonía móvil
Authors: Berlanga-Fernández Inmaculada , Gozalvez-Pérez Vicent , Renés Arellano Paula , Aguaded-Gómez Ignacio
Published: December 2018

El teléfono móvil con conexión a Internet (o smartphone) es la tecnología que más rápidamente se ha difundido en la sociedad actual y ha producido hábitos decisivos en los estilos de vida de la ciudadanía. Esta investigación examina desde una perspectiva semiótica-comunicacional la relación de diferentes sectores de la sociedad de hoy con estos dispositivos. Se sirve del universo narrativo del programa “Conectados” de la serie Salvados, programa dedicado precisamente al uso social de esta tecnología justo a los diez años de la aparición del primer smartphone. A través del análisis de los contenidos volcados por los diversos actores que intervienen –adolescentes, adultos, familias, escuela y expertos– se cuestiona si los nuevos dispositivos mediáticos nos empoderan o nos empobrecen y en qué medida lo hacen. La variedad de agentes que intervienen y, especialmente, la entrevista inédita al filósofo Bauman constituyen un amplio prisma social que da solidez a los resultados. Concluye reflexionando cuáles serían las condiciones para un uso autónomo, social, enriquecedor y crítico de tales dispositivos.