bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
En‐face optical coherence tomography for the detection of cancer in prostatectomy specimens: Quantitative analysis in 20 patients
Authors: Swaan Abel , Muller Berrend G. , Wilk Leah S. , Almasian Mitra , Zwartkruis Evita C. H. , Rozendaal L. Rence , de Bruin Daniel M. , Faber Dirk J. , van Leeuwen Ton G. , van Herk Marcel B.
Published: February 2020

The increase histopathological evaluation of prostatectomy specimens rises the workload on pathologists. Automated histopathology systems, preferably directly on unstained specimens, would accelerate the pathology workflow. In this study, we investigate the potential of quantitative analysis of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to separate benign from malignant prostate tissue automatically. Twenty fixated prostates were cut, from which 54 slices were scanned by OCT. Quantitative OCT metrics (attenuation coefficient, residue, goodness‐of‐fit) were compared for different tissue types, annotated on the histology slides. To avoid misclassification, the poor‐quality slides, and edges of annotations were excluded. Accurate registration of OCT data with histology was achieved in 31 slices. After removing outliers, 56% of the OCT data was compared with histopathology. The quantitative data could not separate malignant from benign tissue. Logistic regression resulted in malignant detection with a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.34. Quantitative OCT analysis should be improved before clinical use.
Label‐free stimulated Raman scattering imaging reveals silicone breast implant material in tissue
Authors: van Haasterecht Ludo , Zada Liron , Schmidt Robert W. , de Bakker Erik , Barbé Ellis , Leslie Heather A. , Vethaak A. Dick , Gibbs Susan , de Boer Johannes F. , Niessen Frank B. , van Zuijlen Paul P. M. , Groot Marie Louise , Ariese Freek
Published: February 2020

Millions of women worldwide have silicone breast implants. It has been reported that implant failure occurs in approximately a tenth of patients within 10 years, and the consequences of dissemination of silicone debris are poorly understood. Currently, silicone detection in histopathological slides is based on morphological features as no specific immunohistochemical technique is available. Here, we show the feasibility and sensitivity of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging to specifically detect silicone material in stained histopathological slides, without additional sample treatment. Histology slides of four periprosthetic capsules from different implant types were obtained after explantation, as well as an enlarged axillary lymph node from a patient with a ruptured implant. SRS images coregistered with bright‐field images revealed the distribution and quantity of silicone material in the tissue. Fast and high‐resolution imaging of histology slides with molecular specificity using SRS provides an opportunity to investigate the role of silicone debris in the pathophysiology of implant‐linked diseases.
Optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy with ultrafast dual‐wavelength excitation
Authors: Zhou Yingying , Liang Siyi , Li Mingsheng , Liu Chengbo , Lai Puxiang , Wang Lidai
Published: February 2020

Fast functional and molecular photoacoustic microscopy requires pulsed laser excitations at multiple wavelengths with enough pulse energy and short wavelength‐switching time. Recent development of stimulated Raman scattering in optical fiber offers a low‐cost laser source for multiwavelength photoacoustic imaging. In this approach, long fibers temporally separate different wavelengths via optical delay. The time delay between adjacent wavelengths may eventually limits the highest A‐line rate. In addition, a long‐time delay in fiber may limit the highest pulse energy, leading to poor image quality. In order to achieve high pulse energy and ultrafast dual‐wavelength excitation, we present optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy with ultrafast dual‐wavelength excitation and a signal separation method. The signal separation method is validated in numerical simulation and phantom experiments. We show that when two photoacoustic signals are partially overlapped with a 50‐ns delay, they can be recovered with 98% accuracy. We apply this ultrafast dual‐wavelength excitation technique to in vivo OR‐PAM. Results demonstrate that A‐lines at two wavelengths can be successfully separated, and sO2 values can be reliably computed from the separated data. The ultrafast dual‐wavelength excitation enables fast functional photoacoustic microscopy with negligible misalignment among different wavelengths and high pulse energy, which is important for in vivo imaging of microvascular dynamics.
Synergy in a detergent combination results in superior decellularized bovine pericardial extracellular matrix scaffolds
Authors: Laker Leana , Dohmen Pascal M. , Smit Francis E.
Published: February 2020

Decellularization involves removal of cellular material from tissue which results in a scaffold material consisting of only the extra cellular matrix (ECM). The effect of each individual decellularizing detergent on the final ECM scaffold and how that may differ from the combined use of these detergents is currently a gap in decellularization methodologies. This study evaluates the hypothesis that a synergistic effect exists when commonly used decellularization detergents are combined. This was evaluated with regard to decellularization efficiency, tissue strength, and collagen structure. Bovine pericardium was decellularized using a combination of 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 1% sodium deoxycholate (SDC) and 1% TritonX‐100, and compared to the use of each detergent individually. The combined detergent decellularization protocol showed effective decellularization (p = .004), with minimal effects on tissue strength (p = .21) and structure (p = .21). Use of detergents individually, resulted in detrimental effects on tissue structure and integrity or ineffective decellularization. This study shows a synergistic relationship between SDS, SDC and TritonX‐100 when combined at specific concentrations. The use of detergents in combination instead of individually appears to be superior, as it results in less ECM damage and improved decellularization effectivity.
Apigenin alleviated acetaminophen‐induced hepatotoxicity in low protein‐fed rats: Targeting oxidative stress, STAT3, and apoptosis signals
Authors: Mohamed Wafaa R. , Kotb Amr S. , Abd El‐Raouf Ola M. , Mohammad Fikry Ebtehal
Published: February 2020

Apigenin (API) is a natural flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of protein malnutrition (PMN) on acetaminophen (APAP)‐induced hepatotoxicity, together with the protective effects of API, in male Wistar albino rats. In total, 64 male rats were divided into eight groups. Silymarin (SIL) (100 mg/kg, PO) as a reference standard and API (50 mg/kg, PO) were given to normal and APAP‐induced hepatic injury in low protein‐fed rats. The present results revealed that PMN significantly potentiated APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity. Interestingly, the administration of SIL and API alleviated the induced damage, as revealed by reduced serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities along with a significant improvement of the histopathological damage. API suppressed inflammatory response by reducing the interleukin‐1β level and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expressions along with attenuating oxidative stress as shown by a significant reduction in liver contents of malondialdehyde and nitrite/nitrate as well as restoration of hepatic content of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity. API also counteracted apoptosis through downregulation of caspase‐3 expression level. In conclusion, PMN greatly potentiated the hepatotoxic effects of APAP, and API produced a multimechanistic hepatoprotective activity that can be attributed to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
Rapid identification of the Candida glabrata species complex by high‐resolution melting curve analysis
Authors: Cai Shuqian , Xu Juan , Shao Yakun , Gong Jie , Zhao Fei , He Lihua , Shan Xiaoyun
Published: February 2020

Background

Candida glabrata is a common pathogen that causes invasive candidiasis. Among non‐albicans Candida infections, C glabrata infections are associated with the highest fatality rates. Candida glabrata sensu stricto, Candida nivariensis, and Candida bracarensis have been identified and together form the C glabrata species complex. It is difficult to detect the two rare species by traditional laboratory methods. This study established a method for the rapid identification of members of the C glabrata species complex based on high‐resolution melting curve (HRM) analysis and evaluated its practical application.

Methods

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was used as target gene region to design specific primers. HRM analysis was performed with three subspecies of the C glabrata species complex and negative controls to test its specificity and sensitivity. To evaluate its practical application, the HRM technique was tested with clinical isolates, and the results were compared with the DNA sequencing results.

Results

Differences were detected among the melting profiles of the members of the C glabrata species complex. The negative controls were not amplified, indicating the high specificity of the method. The minimum detection limits of C glabrata sensu stricto, C nivariensis, and C bracarensis were approximately 1 × 101 copies/µL or less. The results of the HRM analysis of the clinical isolates were consistent with the DNA sequencing results.

Conclusions

The HRM method is sensitive and can be used to rapidly identify the members of the C glabrata species complex. The method can allow early and targeted treatment of patients with invasive candidiasis.
Stressors and protective factors among regional and metropolitan Australian medical doctors: A mixed methods investigation
Authors: Clough Bonnie A. , Ireland Michael J. , Leane Sheena , March Sonja
Published: February 2020

Objective

This study aimed to compare stress, burnout, stressors, and protective factors among regional‐ and metropolitan‐based Australian medical doctors.

Method

A mixed methods design was utilized with 252 Australian medical doctors completing an online questionnaire package. A subsample also completed qualitative interviews.

Results

Stress was significantly higher among doctors compared with population norms. Over half of doctors reported burnout on one or more dimensions. The strongest unique predictors were being female, working late, and work–family conflict. Qualitatively, 12 stressors (e.g., training and competition, workload, and time management) and 9 protective subthemes (e.g., being well resourced, clinical interest) emerged across system‐level, clinical environment‐level, and individual factor and personal response themes.

Conclusions

Stress and burnout among doctors are alarmingly high and both system/organization‐level (e.g., communication systems, workload, flexible work arrangements) and individual‐level (e.g., fostering resilience/coping strategies) predictors are implicated by our results. These may be useful targets for future interventions.
Vitamin D3 affects mitochondrial biogenesis through mitogen‐activated protein kinase in polycystic ovary syndrome mouse model
Authors: Safaei Zahra , Bakhshalizadeh Shabnam , Nasr‐Esfahani Mohammad Hossein , Akbari Sene Azadeh , Najafzadeh Vahid , Soleimani Mansoureh , Shirazi Reza
Published: February 2020

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder characterized by oligomenorrhea, anovulation, and hyperandrogenism. Altered mitochondrial biogenesis can result in hyperandrogenism. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of vitamin D3 on mitochondrial biogenesis of the granulosa cells in the PCOS‐induced mouse model. Vitamin D3 applies its effect via the mitogen‐activated pathway kinase‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (MAPK‐ERK1/2) pathway. The PCOS mouse model was induced by the injection of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Isolated granulosa cells were subsequently treated with vitamin D3, MAPK activator, and MAPK inhibitor. Gene expression levels were measured using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. MAPK proteins were investigated by western blot analysis. We also determined reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels with 2′, 7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Mitochondrial membrane potential (mtMP) was also measured by TMJC1. Mitochondrial biogenesis (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐α and nuclear respiratory factor), antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase), and antiapoptotic (B‐cell lymphoma‐2) genes were upregulated in the PCOS mice that treated with vitamin D3 compared with the PCOS mice without any treatment. Vitamin D3 and MAPK activator‐treated groups also reduced ROS levels compared with the nontreated PCOS group. In summary, vitamin D3 and MAPK activator increased the levels of mitochondrial biogenesis, MAPK pathway, and mtMP markers, while concomitantly decreased ROS levels in granulosa cells of the PCOS‐induced mice. This study suggests that vitamin D3 may improve mitochondrial biogenesis through stimulation of the MAPK pathway in cultured granulosa cells of DHEA‐induced PCOS mice which yet to be investigated.
Recent developments in the field of cachexia, sarcopenia, and muscle wasting: highlights from the 12th Cachexia Conference
Authors: Ebner Nicole , Anker Stefan D. , von Haehling Stephan
Published: February 2020

This article highlights preclinical and clinical studies in the field of wasting disorders that were presented at the 12th Cachexia Conference held in Berlin, Germany, in December 2019. Herein, we summarize the biological and clinical significance of different strategies including antibodies that target Fn14, Spsb 1, SAA1 treatment, ZIP14, a MuRF1 inhibitor, and new diagnostic tools like T‐cell communication targets and cut‐offs for the detection of skeletal muscle wasting. Of particular interest were the transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells and muscle stem cell communication. Importantly, one presentation discussed the effect of metal ion transporter ZIP14 loss that reduces cancer‐induced cachexia. The potential of anti‐ZIP14 antibodies and zinc chelation as anti‐cachexia therapy may require testing in patients with cancer cachexia. Large clinical studies were presented such as RePOWER (observational study of patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy), MMPOWER (treatment with elamipretide in patients with primary mitochondrial myopathy), and ACT‐ONE as well as new mouse models like the KPP mouse. Promising treatments include rapamycin analogue treatment, anamorelin, elanapril, glucocorticoids, SAA1, antibodies that target Fn14, and a MuRF1 inhibitor. Clinical studies investigated novel approaches, including the role of exercise. It remains a fact, however, that effective treatments for cachexia and wasting disorders are urgently needed in order to improve patients' quality of life and their survival.
Regional differences in the ependyma of the optic tectal ventricle of adult zebrafish with structures referring to brain hydrodynamics
Authors: Corbo Christopher P. , Fulop Zoltan L.
Published: February 2020

Classical electron microscopic morphological studies provide detailed ultrastructural information, which may lend insights into cellular functions. As a follow‐up to our morphological investigation of the adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) optic tectum, in this study, we have analyzed the ependymal structures lining the surfaces of the tectal ventricle: the torus, tegmental surface of the valvula cerebelli and the periventricular gray zone of the optic tectal cortex. We used toluidine blue stained plastic (semithin) sections for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Our morphological findings of gated entrances and/or egresses indicate that, at least in the adult zebrafish brain, there may be a bidirectional direct flow communication between the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid and the parenchymal interstitial fluid.
Impact of variable rate nitrogen and reduced irrigation management on nitrate leaching for potato
Authors: Bohman Brian J. , Rosen Carl J. , Mulla David J.
Published: February 2020

Nitrogen (N) loss from cropping systems has important environmental implications, including contamination of drinking water with nitrate. A 2‐yr study evaluated the effects of six N rate, source, and timing treatments, including a variable rate (VR) N treatment based on the N sufficiency index approach using remote sensing, and two irrigation rate treatments, including conventional and reduced rate, on nitrate leaching, residual soil nitrate, and plant N uptake for potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) production in 2016 and 2017 on a Hubbard loamy sand. Nitrate leaching losses measured with suction‐cup lysimeters varied between 2016 and 2017 with flow‐weighted mean nitrate N concentrations of 5.6 and 12.8 mg N L−1, respectively, and increased from 7.1 to 10.4 mg N L−1 as N rate increased from 45 to 270 kg N ha−1. Despite reductions in N rate of 22 and 44 kg N ha−1 in 2016 and 2017, respectively, for the VR N treatment, there was no significant difference in nitrate leaching compared with the existing N best management practices (BMPs). Reducing irrigation rate by 15% decreased nitrate leaching load by 17% through a reduction in percolation. Residual soil nitrate N in the top 60 cm across all treatments (7.9 mg N kg−1) suggests a risk for nitrate leaching during the nongrowing season, and plant N uptake did not explain yearly variation in nitrate leaching and residual soil nitrate. Although existing N BMPs are effective at controlling N losses, development of alternative practices is needed to further reduce the risk of groundwater contamination.
Nutritional status in irritable bowel syndrome: A North American population‐based study
Authors: Hujoel Isabel A
Published: February 2020

Background and Aim

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 12% of the population, and the evidence supporting current medical interventions is poor. There is increasing focus on the therapeutic benefit of diet and supplementation. We aim to compare dietary composition and hematologic and biochemical markers in those with and without IBS to determine potential targets for therapeutic supplementation.

Methods

All 17 national surveys between 1959 and 2019 were screened, and only 1, the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) (1976–1980), provided comprehensive data on IBS. We performed a cross‐sectional analysis of hematologic and biochemical markers and dietary composition of 12 295 individuals, aged 18–74, in NHANES II.

Results

Individuals with IBS had significantly higher copper–zinc ratios (1.70vs1.55,P= 0.048) and were more likely to have ratios above 1.8 (odds ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval 1.02–3.13), indicative of underlying copper–zinc imbalance. While more likely to report dietary avoidances, they had no other evidence of nutritional deficiencies. In addition, dietary recall showed that those with IBS consumed more calories (P= 0.02), were more likely to take vitamin supplements (P= 0.003), and that their macro and micronutrient intake was not significantly different.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that individuals with IBS should be screened for copper–zinc imbalance. Given zinc's role in the immune system, the “brain–gut” axis, and the gastrointestinal barrier, the identified copper–zinc imbalance may play a role in perpetuating the underlying pathophysiology of IBS. Further studies are needed to investigate this hypothesis and the potential role of therapeutic zinc supplementation.
Semisynthesis of ursolic acid‐2‐(2‐thienylidene)‐oxadiazole hybrid molecule and an evaluation of its COX inhibition property
Authors: Deepthi Ani , Krishnan Deepa , Sanju Anuroopa
Published: February 2020

A new derivative of ursolic acid containing dual functionality was synthesized. Molecular docking studies and in vitro analysis indicated promising COX inhibition potential for the molecule. The synthesis, characterization, in silico and in vitro studies of the molecule are described here.
Expanding the molecular and clinical phenotypes of FUT8‐CDG
Authors: Ng Bobby G. , Dastsooz Hassan , Silawi Mohammad , Habibzadeh Parham , Jahan Shima B. , Fard Mohammad A. F. , Halliday Benjamin J. , Raymond Kimiyo , Ruzhnikov Maura R. Z. , Tabatabaei Zahra , Taghipour‐Sheshdeh Afsaneh , Brimble Elise , Robertson Stephen P. , Faghihi Mohammad A. , Freeze Hudson H.
Published: February 2020

Pathogenic variants in the Golgi localised alpha 1,6 fucosyltransferase, FUT8, cause a rare inherited metabolic disorder known as FUT8‐CDG. To date, only three affected individuals have been reported presenting with a constellation of symptoms including intrauterine growth restriction, severe delays in growth and development, other neurological impairments, significantly shortened limbs, respiratory complications, and shortened lifespan. Here, we report an additional four unrelated affected individuals homozygous for novel pathogenic variants in FUT8. Analysis of serum N‐glycans revealed a complete lack of core fucosylation, an important diagnostic biomarker of FUT8‐CDG. Our data expands both the molecular and clinical phenotypes of FUT8‐CDG and highlights the importance of identifying a reliable biomarker for confirming potentially pathogenic variants.
Artificial Intelligence for MR Image Reconstruction: An Overview for Clinicians
Authors: Lin Dana J. , Johnson Patricia M. , Knoll Florian , Lui Yvonne W.
Published: February 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) shows tremendous promise in the field of medical imaging, with recent breakthroughs applying deep‐learning models for data acquisition, classification problems, segmentation, image synthesis, and image reconstruction. With an eye towards clinical applications, we summarize the active field of deep‐learning‐based MR image reconstruction. We review the basic concepts of how deep‐learning algorithms aid in the transformation of raw k‐space data to image data, and specifically examine accelerated imaging and artifact suppression. Recent efforts in these areas show that deep‐learning‐based algorithms can match and, in some cases, eclipse conventional reconstruction methods in terms of image quality and computational efficiency across a host of clinical imaging applications, including musculoskeletal, abdominal, cardiac, and brain imaging. This article is an introductory overview aimed at clinical radiologists with no experience in deep‐learning‐based MR image reconstruction and should enable them to understand the basic concepts and current clinical applications of this rapidly growing area of research across multiple organ systems.
Use of Intravenous Lipid Emulsions With Parenteral Nutrition: Practical Handling Aspects
Authors: Boullata Joseph I. , Berlana David , Pietka Magdalena , Klek Stanislaw , Martindale Robert
Published: February 2020

A number of topics important to the handling of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) were discussed at the international summit. ILE handling includes the preparation and the administration steps in the typical use of parenteral nutrition (PN). The discussion and consensus statements addressed several issues, including standardization of the PN process, use of commercially available multi‐chamber PN or compounded PN bags, the supervision by a pharmacist with expertise, limiting ILE repackaging, and infusion duration.
Use of Lipids in Adult Patients Requiring Parenteral Nutrition in the Home Setting
Authors: Mundi Manpreet S. , Klek Stanislaw , Martindale Robert G.
Published: February 2020

It is estimated that over 25,000 Americans receive home parenteral nutrition (HPN), mostly because of intestinal failure (IF). Although there is significant variability in the fluid and energy needs of patients receiving HPN, intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) are an essential part of the macronutrient composition, serving as an excellent source of non‐protein energy, as well as supplying essential fatty acids. However, the long‐term use of ILEs in particular may be associated with some detrimental health effects, such as intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD). Although there is lack of unifying diagnosis, IFALD can present as cholestasis, steatosis, or fibrosis, with a prevalence that ranges between 5% and 43%. The development of IFALD tends to be multifactorial. Risk factors of IFALD can include those related to IF, inflammation/infection, and long‐term parenteral nutrition. Some studies have shown a link between development of IFALD and ILE dose, especially if the dose is >1 g/kg/d, with high ω‐6:ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio and phytosterol content being theorized as some contributing factors. Thus, efforts have been made to use alternative oils (olive oil, medium‐chain triglycerides, and fish oil) to reduce the soybean‐oil content of ILE, which tends to be high in ω‐6 PUFA and phytosterols. Although additional long‐term clinical data are emerging, this strategy, as reviewed in the current manuscript, has shown to provide some benefit in both prevention and treatment of IFALD and other sequelae of HPN.
Long‐Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Lipid Peroxidation Products in Donor Human Milk in the United Kingdom: Results From the LIMIT 2‐Centre Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Nessel Isabell , De Rooy Laura , Khashu Minesh , Murphy Jane L. , Dyall Simon C.
Published: February 2020

Background

Donor human milk (DHM) is used as alternative to maternal milk to feed preterm infants; however, it may provide less long‐chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and more oxidized lipids, which may be detrimental to preterm infant health and development. Levels have not been reported for DHM in the United Kingdom.

Methods

DHM (n = 19) from 2 neonatal units, preterm milk from a neonatal unit (n = 10), and term milk from the community (n = 11) were analyzed for fatty acids, malondialdehyde, 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal, and hexanal. Study registration: NCT03573531.

Results

DHM had significantly lower absolute LCPUFA content than term (P < .001) and significantly lower ω‐3 PUFAs than preterm milk (P < .05), although relative LCPUFA composition did not differ. Exclusive DHM feeding leads to significantly lower fat (3.7 vs 6.7 g/d) and LCPUFA (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]: 10.6 vs 16.8 mg/d; arachidonic acid [ARA]: 17.4 vs 25.2 mg/d) intake than recommended by the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and provides 17.3% and 43.1% of the in utero accreted ARA and DHA. DHM had the highest proportion of lipid peroxidation.

Conclusions

This study confirms that DHM in the United Kingdom has insufficient LCPUFAs for preterm infants. It demonstrates for the first time that DHM has the highest level of lipid peroxidation, compared with preterm or term milk. This has important implications for preterm infant nutrition, as exclusive DHM feeding might not be suitable long term and may contribute to the development of major preterm neonatal morbidities.
Grape water: reclaim and valorization of a by‐product from the industrial cryoconcentration of grape (Vitis vinifera) must
Authors: Albergamo Ambrogina , Costa Rosaria , Bartolomeo Giovanni , Rando Rossana , Vadalà Rossella , Nava Vincenzo , Gervasi Teresa , Toscano Giovanni , Germanò Maria Paola , DʼAngelo Valeria , Ditta Fabio , Dugo Giacomo
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

The term ‘grape (Vitis vinifera) water’ refers to a by‐product from the cryoconcentration of must that, if not reclaimed, would be considered as wastewater. In this study, the nutraceutical potential of waters reclaimed from the cryoconcentration of Grillo and Moscato musts was evaluated.

RESULTS

Both waters showed physicochemical parameters in agreement with Italian regulation for drinking water, and interesting levels of F− (3.02–8.02 mg L−1) and SO4− (52.85–49.34 mg L−1). Inorganic elements, including Mg (5.54–7.78 mg L−1), K (47.12–59.87 mg L−1), Fe (219.09–205.32 μg L−1), and Zn (189.65–127.30 μg L−1), and phenolic contents <35 mg GAE L−1 contributed to determine moderate antioxidant activities. Considering fatty acid composition, oleic and linoleic acids predominated, being higher in Moscato than Grillo samples (64.42% versus 58.22%, and 5.42% versus 6.07%). Grape waters displayed also rich aroma profiles, including mainly esters, alcohols and terpenoids. The latter components (i.e. linalool and α‐terpineol) were more abundant in Moscato than in Grillo (13% versus 8%). Interestingly, some minor volatiles, characterized the vine of provenance (e.g. benzaldehyde and 3‐methylbutylacetate in Moscato). All grape waters showed also a considerable fraction of ethyl lactate, six‐carbon compounds and acetates, reflecting the proximity of samples to the grapes of origin.

CONCLUSION

In a growing scenario of environmental decay and resource depletion, results from this study support an innovative and profitable waste recycling strategy for the wine industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Human disturbance rather than habitat factors drives plant community assembly and diversity patterns in a semiarid region
Authors: Xu Jinshi , Dang Han , Tian Tingting , Liu Shiqiang , Chai Yongfu , Liu Xiao , Yue Ming , Xiang Chengcheng , Chang Junke
Published: February 2020

Human activities may lead to land degradation, and then influences diversity and function of ecosystems. Understanding the plant community assembly processes and diversity patterns along human activities‐related gradients are an important facet of ecological research and can be used to reveal vegetation dynamics under land degradation on the Loess Plateau. In this study, we evaluated the net relatedness index, phylogenetic diversity, and species diversity along habitat (elevation, slope, aspect, residential distance, succession time) and comprehensive disturbance gradients on the Loess Plateau, China. We found that community assembly processes were mainly influenced by slope and succession time linked to human activity. Study regions with slope >20°or succession time > 35 years showed no environmental filtering effect during community assembly processes, because these region usually had fewer cropland development activities. Although phylogenetic and species diversity showed a dissimilar pattern along gradients, we also summarized human activities rather than habitat factors drive diversity patterns. In summary, we demonstrate that human activities mainly influence community assembly processes and diversity patterns. With reduction of human disturbance in future, land degradation will be ameliorated on Loess Plateau.
Changes in breath cycle sensing affect outcomes in upper airway stimulation in sleep apnea
Authors: Steffen Armin , Sommer J. Ulrich , Strohl Kingman , Hasselbacher Katrin , Suurna Maria V. , Hofauer Benedikt , Heiser Clemens
Published: February 2020

Background

Upper Airway Stimulation (UAS) is a well‐established therapy option for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Aims

There are no data on whether respiratory sensing contributes to successful UAS therapy.

Materials & Methods

After initial measurements of 3 implanted patients (M1), the sensing signal was inverted (M2) without changing other parameters. Two weeks later, the signal was converted back again, and the sensitivity of breathing cycle detection was turned to a very low state (M3).

Results

At M2 and M3, the apnea‐hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index increased.

Discussion

Correct respiratory sensing is important for controlling OSA using UAS.

Conclusions

Therefore, implant centers should should optimize respiratory sensing placement and adjustment.
The Learning Health System Competency Appraisal Inventory (LHS‐CAI): A novel tool for assessing LHS‐focused education needs
Authors: Greenberg‐Worisek Alexandra J. , Shippee Nathan D. , Schaffhausen Cory , Johnson Kelli , Shah Nilay D. , Linzer Mark , Beebe Timothy , Enders Felicity
Published: February 2020

There is increasing interest in health care organizations functioning as learning health systems (LHSs) to improve the quality and efficiency of health care delivery while generating new knowledge. Individuals must be trained in associated concepts and competencies and subsequently positioned (or embedded) within the delivery system for maximum effect as they perform their scholarship. Potential researchers within LHSs come from many different training backgrounds; therefore, each LHS scholar requires a goal‐directed plan tailored to his or her needs. There are few tools available to guide development, training, or evaluation of individuals interested in becoming leaders of research in LHSs. In this paper, we present a newly developed tool for guiding the training of such researchers, the Learning Health Systems Competency Appraisal Inventory (LHS‐CAI). The LHS‐CAI is modeled after the Clinical Research Appraisal Index (CRAI) used within Clinical and Translational Science Award sites across the United States. The LHS‐CAI is a tool for trainees at all levels to use with their mentors in an interactive manner. The tool can then identify areas in which more training is needed and at what level to ensure success as a researcher within LHSs. We further modified the CRAI format to better leverage the LHS‐CAI as a key part of an LHS scholar's individual development plan. To implement the LHS‐CAI, we have identified key points within the Minnesota Learning Health System Mentored Career Development Program (MN‐LHS) at which assessment of expertise for each competency would be useful to LHS scholars, mentors, and program leaders. Scholars in this program come from various clinical and academic backgrounds but are all targeting their career trajectories toward leading embedded LHS research. They will reevaluate their expertise upon completion of the program, with comparison to baseline serving as a key program evaluation tool. The LHS‐CAI is currently being implemented with the first cohort of scholars in the MN‐LHS program.
I am who I am: Sharing photos on social media by older consumers and its influence on subjective well‐being
Authors: Pera Rebecca , Quinton Sarah , Baima Gabriele
Published: February 2020

We are faced with an aging population whose longer lives need to be lived well. Extant marketing scholarship has largely neglected older consumers' behavior in relation to the social media realm and its influence on well‐being. This two‐stage qualitative study investigates subjective well‐being, exploring whether and how sharing photos on social media increases the dimensions of self‐acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. The findings indicate that photo‐sharing is a powerful behavior in augmenting older consumers' well‐being as it enables individual self‐reflection, self‐representation and transforms the individual experience into a collective one. Contributions include, that photo‐sharing acts as a bridge in creating, reinforcing but also breaking bonds among older consumers, also a tension exists between the desire for autonomy and the need for relationships with others, and finally that the digital self is a component of subjective well‐being in older consumers.
Clinical and genetic study of 12 Chinese Han families with nonsyndromic deafness
Authors: Wu Di , Huang Weiyuan , Xu Zhenhang , Li Shuo , Zhang Jie , Chen Xiaohua , Tang Yan , Qiu Jinhong , Wang Zhixia , Duan Xuchu , Zhang Luping
Published: February 2020

Background

Nonsyndromic hearing loss is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. In this study, we characterized the clinical features of 12 Chinese Han deaf families in which mutations in common deafness genes GJB2, SLC26A4, and MT‐RNR1 were excluded.

Methods

Targeted next‐generation sequencing of 147 known deafness genes was performed in probands of 10 families, while whole‐exome sequencing was applied in those of the rest two.

Results

Pathogenic mutations in a total of 11 rare deafness genes, OTOF, CDH23, PCDH15, PDZD7, ADGRV1, KARS, OTOG, GRXCR2, MYO6, GRHL2, and POU3F4, were identified in all 12 probands, with 16 mutations being novel. Intrafamilial cosegregation of the mutations and the deafness phenotype were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

Conclusion

Our results expanded the mutation spectrum and genotype‒phenotype correlation of nonsyndromic hearing loss in Chinese Hans and also emphasized the importance of combining both next‐generation sequencing and detailed auditory evaluation to achieve a more accurate diagnosis for nonsyndromic hearing loss.
Dietary Supplementation of Black Rice Anthocyanin Extract Regulates Cholesterol Metabolism and Improves Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High‐Fat and Cholesterol Diet
Authors: Wang Hao , Liu Dong , Ji Yanglin , Liu Yaojie , Xu Lin , Guo Yatu
Published: February 2020

Scope

This study explores the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation of black rice anthocyanin extract (BRAE) on cholesterol metabolism and gut dysbiosis.

Methods and results

C57BL/6J mice are grouped into the normal chow diet group (NCD), the high‐fat and the cholesterol diet group (HCD), and three treatment groups feeding HCD supplemented with various dosage of BRAE for 12 weeks. Results reveal that BRAE alleviates the increased body weight, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (non‐HDL‐C), and increased fecal sterols excretion and caecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration in HCD‐induced hypercholesterolemic mice. Moreover, BRAE decreases hepatic TC content through the fundamental regulation of body energy balance gene, adenosine 5′‐monophosphate activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). Meanwhile, BRAE improves the genes expression involved in cholesterol uptake and efflux, and preserves CYP7A1, ATP‐binding cassette subfamily G member 5/8 mRNA expression, and the relative abundance of gut microbiota. Additionally, the antibiotic treatment experiment indicates that the beneficial effects of BRAE in reducing hypocholesterolemia risk largely depends on the gut microbiota homeostasis.

Conclusion

BRAE supplement could be a beneficial treatment option for preventing HCD‐induced hypocholesterolemia and related metabolic syndromes.
Evaluation of the Metabotype Concept Identified in an Irish Population in the German KORA Cohort Study
Authors: Riedl Anna , Hillesheim Elaine , Wawro Nina , Meisinger Christa , Peters Annette , Roden Michael , Kronenberg Florian , Herder Christian , Rathmann Wolfgang , Völzke Henry , Reincke Martin , Koenig Wolfgang , Wallaschofski Henri , Daniel Hannelore , Hauner Hans , Brennan Lorraine , Linseisen Jakob
Published: February 2020

Scope

Previous work identified three metabolically homogeneous subgroups of individuals (“metabotypes”) using k‐means cluster analysis based on fasting serum levels of triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and glucose. The aim is to reproduce these findings and describe metabotype groups by dietary habits and by incident disease occurrence.

Methods and results

1744 participants from the KORA F4 study and 2221 participants from the KORA FF4 study are assigned to the three metabotype clusters previously identified by minimizing the Euclidean distances. In both KORA studies, the assignment of participants results in three metabolically distinct clusters, with cluster 3 representing the group of participants with the most unfavorable metabolic characteristics. Individuals of cluster 3 are further characterized by the highest incident disease occurrence during follow‐up; they also reveal the most unfavorable diet with significantly lowest intakes of vegetables, dairy products, and fibers, and highest intakes of total, red, and processed meat.

Conclusion

The three metabotypes originally identified in an Irish population are successfully reproduced. In addition to this validation approach, the observed differences in disease incidence across metabotypes represent an important new finding that strongly supports the metabotyping approach as a tool for risk stratification.
Error‐controlled implicit time integration of elasto‐visco‐plastic constitutive models for rock salt
Authors: Zhang Ning , Nagel Thomas
Published: February 2020

The mechanical behavior of rock salt is rate‐dependent at different time scales. Using caverns in rock salt formations for renewable energy storage implies that the underground structures are subjected to both short‐term and long‐term loads, increasing robustness and flexibility requirements for numerical simulators used to assess the safety of such structures. So far, explicit time integration with model‐specific heuristics for time‐step size determination dominate in application studies. In this paper, the suitability of error‐controlled adaptive time‐integration schemes of the diagonally implicit Runge‐Kutta type is investigated in comparison with the Backward Euler and Crank‐Nicolson schemes when applied to the integration of typical elasto‐visco‐plastic constitutive models of rock salt. The comparison is made both for monotonic and for cyclic loads as well as taking account of thermo‐mechanical coupling. Analyses of the time‐integration errors and the time step‐size evolution show the suitability of the integration scheme for these material models. The automatic adjustment of the time‐step size was found to be robust across all material models and boundary conditions as well as for non‐isothermal situations for a single algorithmic parameter set.
A coupled time integration algorithm for discontinuous deformation analysis using the numerical manifold method
Authors: Qu Xiaolei , Ma Guowei , Qi Chengzhi , Dyskin Arcady V. , Xia Chen
Published: February 2020

To improve the computational efficiency of the numerical manifold method for discontinuous deformation simulations, a spatial‐domain coupled explicit‐implicit time integration algorithm is proposed. A subdomain partition algorithm based on a super manifold element is developed for the numerical manifold method to simulate dynamic motions of blocky rock mass. In different subdomains, explicit or implicit time integration method is employed respectively based on its contact and motion status. These subdomains interact through assembling the corresponding explicit or implicit time integration‐based matrices of different rock blocks. The computational efficiency of the discontinuity system under dynamic loading is improved by partially diagonalizing the global matrices. Two verification examples of a sliding block along an inclined plane under a horizontal acceleration excitation and a multiblock system acted on by dynamic forces are studied to examine the accuracy of the proposed numerical method, respectively. A highly fractured rock mass situated on an inclined slope subjected to seismic excitations is then studied to show the computational efficiency of the developed algorithm. The simulated results are in good agreement with those from the versions using purely implicit or explicit time integration algorithm for the numerical manifold method. The computational efficiency is shown to be higher using the proposed algorithm, which demonstrates its potential for application in dynamic analysis of highly fractured rock masses.
Regulating Digital Campaigning: The Need for Precision in Calls for Transparency
Authors: Dommett Katharine
Published: February 2020

Calls for transparency have become a prominent response to the challenges of overseeing online political campaigning, however, use of this term by policymakers often lacks precision about what is desired and how impacts can be secured. This article examines key policy documents and debates around digital campaigning in the United Kingdom, in particular, calls by the Electoral Commission, Information Commissioner's Office, and DCMS Select Committee for increased transparency. It argues that current policy prescriptions for transparency lack important detail about the types of information required. Indeed, rather than advocating a common response, we find that policy actors have different desires for financial, source, data, and targeting transparency that are not easy to appreciate. They also often fail to specify the form of transparency that is desired, specifically in relation to the audience, discoverability, comprehensibility, reliability, and impact of the information to be rendered transparent. This represents a clear challenge for those seeking to promote transparency, making it hard to establish clear metrics against which policy proposals can be measured. Future calls for transparency should, therefore, take care to be more precise, and should clearly specify both the type and form of transparency being called for.
Factors Associated with Endocrine Therapy Non‐Adherence in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Spencer Jennifer C. , Reeve Bryce B. , Troester Melissa A. , Wheeler Stephanie B.
Published: February 2020

Background

For women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer, long‐term endocrine therapy (ET) can greatly reduce the risk of recurrence, yet adherence is low‐ particularly among traditionally underserved populations.

Methods

The Carolina Breast Cancer Study oversampled Black and young women (<50 years of age). Participants answered an ET‐specific medication adherence questionnaire assessing reasons for non‐adherence. We used principal factor analysis to identify latent factors describing ET non‐adherence. We then performed multivariable regression to determine clinical and demographic characteristics associated with each ET non‐adherence factor.

Results

1,231 women were included in analysis, 59% reported at least one barrier to ET adherence. We identified three latent factors which we defined as: habit ‐ challenges developing medication‐taking behavior; tradeoffs ‐ high perceived side effect burden and medication safety concerns; and resource barriers ‐ challenges related to cost or accessibility. Older age (50+) was associated with less reporting of habit (Adjusted Risk Ratio (aRR) 0.54[95% CI: 0.43‐0.69] and resource barriers (aRR 0.66[0.43‐0.997]), but was not associated with tradeoff barriers. Medicaid‐insured women were more likely than privately‐insured to report tradeoff (aRR:1.53 [1.10‐2.13]) or resource barriers (aRR:4.43[2.49‐6.57]). Black race was associated with increased reporting of all factors (habit: aRR 1.29[1.09‐1.53]; tradeoffs: 1.32[1.09‐1.60], resources: 1.65[1.18‐2.30]).

Conclusion

Barriers to ET adherence were described by three distinct factors, and strongly associated with sociodemographic characteristics. Barriers to ET adherence appear inadequately addressed for younger, Black, and publicly‐insured breast cancer survivors. These findings underscore the importance of developing multi‐faceted, patient‐centered interventions that address a diverse range of barriers to ET adherence.
Impact Initiated Combustion of Channel Gunpowder in Liquid
Authors: Ganigin Sergey Y. , Demoretsky Dmitry A. , Samarin Alexey Y. , Murzin Andrey Y. , Rakhmanin Oleg S. , Grechukhina Maria S.
Published: February 2020

The paper deals with the competing models of internal surfaces heating of gunpowder elements channels in a liquid under impact compression. The first model is based on impact volume compression of the air in the channels at impact, and the second model is based on the action of shear stresses arising due to viscous friction of a liquid flowing in the channels under the influence of external pressure. The paper presents experimental data on the character of ignition site in the channels based on the assessment of artillery pyroxylin powder 12/7 sensitivity equivalent to the impact drop‐hammer.