bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tissue of origin dictates GOT1 dependence and confers synthetic lethality to radiotherapy
Authors: Nelson Barbara S. , Lin Lin , Kremer Daniel M. , Sousa Cristovão M. , Cotta-Ramusino Cecilia , Myers Amy , Ramos Johanna , Gao Tina , Kovalenko Ilya , Wilder-Romans Kari , Dresser Joseph , Davis Mary , Lee Ho-Joon , Nwosu Zeribe C. , Campit Scott , Mashadova Oksana , Nicolay Brandon N. , Tolstyka Zachary P. , Halbrook Christopher J. , Chandrasekaran Sriram , Asara John M. , Crawford Howard C. , Cantley Lewis C. , Kimmelman Alec C. , Wahl Daniel R. , Lyssiotis Costas A.
Published: January 2020

Background

Metabolic programs in cancer cells are influenced by genotype and the tissue of origin. We have previously shown that central carbon metabolism is rewired in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) to support proliferation through a glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1)-dependent pathway.

Methods

We utilized a doxycycline-inducible shRNA-mediated strategy to knockdown GOT1 in PDA and colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines and tumor models of similar genotype. These cells were analyzed for the ability to form colonies and tumors to test if tissue type impacted GOT1 dependence. Additionally, the ability of GOT1 to impact the response to chemo- and radiotherapy was assessed. Mechanistically, the associated specimens were examined using a combination of steady-state and stable isotope tracing metabolomics strategies and computational modeling. Statistics were calculated using GraphPad Prism 7. One-way ANOVA was performed for experiments comparing multiple groups with one changing variable. Student’s t test (unpaired, two-tailed) was performed when comparing two groups to each other. Metabolomics data comparing three PDA and three CRC cell lines were analyzed by performing Student’s t test (unpaired, two-tailed) between all PDA metabolites and CRC metabolites.

Results

While PDA exhibits profound growth inhibition upon GOT1 knockdown, we found CRC to be insensitive. In PDA, but not CRC, GOT1 inhibition disrupted glycolysis, nucleotide metabolism, and redox homeostasis. These insights were leveraged in PDA, where we demonstrate that radiotherapy potently enhanced the effect of GOT1 inhibition on tumor growth.

Conclusions

Taken together, these results illustrate the role of tissue type in dictating metabolic dependencies and provide new insights for targeting metabolism to treat PDA.
Shades of blue: non-invasive spectroscopic investigations of Maya blue pigments. From laboratory mock-ups to Mesoamerican codices
Authors: Grazia Chiara , Buti David , Amat Anna , Rosi Francesca , Romani Aldo , Domenici Davide , Sgamellotti Antonio , Miliani Costanza
Published: January 2020

Maya blue is a hybrid pigment where an organic component, indigo, is incorporated in a porous clay. Despite its widespread use in the Mesoamerican artistic production and numerous studies devoted to understand the type of interactions between indigo and the host framework, its technology has not been completely unravelled yet. In this study portable non-invasive UV–vis reflection spectroscopy is proposed as a robust method for in situ investigation of Maya blue pigments. Laboratory mock-ups of powder Maya blue have been prepared employing different synthesis procedures (varying the nature of: clays, indigo–clay ratios, heating temperatures and time). The goodness of the prepared Maya blue samples—namely the occurrence of indigo–clay interactions—have been probed by micro-Raman spectroscopy and related UV–vis spectral markers have been identified. DFT calculations as well have been performed to deeply explain UV–vis profiles. The set of spectral markers have been finally exploited to interpret spectra recorded on Mesoamerican pictorial codices, through a multi-technique approach based on exploring the UV–Vis properties of the blue paint supported by the FT-IR vibrational study of the inorganic clays. The characterization of blue colours on pre-Hispanic and colonial Mesoamerican codices contribute to a better understanding of the compositional variability of these painting materials and to point out the existence of different technological traditions of colour preparation in ancient Mesoamerica.
Dexmedetomidine improved renal function in patients with severe sepsis: an exploratory analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Authors:   DESIRE Trial Investigators, Nakashima Tsuyoshi , Miyamoto Kyohei , Shima Nozomu , Kato Seiya , Kawazoe Yu , Ohta Yoshinori , Morimoto Takeshi , Yamamura Hitoshi
Published: January 2020

Background

Dexmedetomidine has been reported to improve organ dysfunction in critically ill patients. In a recent randomized controlled trial (Dexmedetomidine for Sepsis in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Randomized Evolution [DESIRE]), we demonstrated that dexmedetomidine was associated with reduced mortality risk among patients with severe sepsis. We performed this exploratory sub-analysis to examine the mechanism underlying improved survival in patients sedated with dexmedetomidine.

Methods

The DESIRE trial compared a sedation strategy with and without dexmedetomidine among 201 mechanically ventilated adult patients with sepsis across eight ICUs in Japan. In the present study, we included 104 patients with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores of ≥ 23 (54 in the dexmedetomidine [DEX] group and 50 in the non-dexmedetomidine [non-DEX] group). Initially, we compared the changes in the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores from the baseline within 6 days after randomization between groups. Subsequently, we evaluated the variables comprising the organ component of the SOFA score that showed relevant improvement in the initial comparison.

Results

The mean patient age was 71.0 ± 14.1 years. There was no difference in the median APACHE II score between the two groups (29 [interquartile range (IQR), 25–31] vs. 30 [IQR, 25–33]; p = 0.35). The median SOFA score at the baseline was lower in the DEX group (9 [IQR, 7–11] vs. 11 [IQR, 9–13]; p = 0.01). While the renal SOFA subscore at the baseline was similar for both groups, it significantly decreased in the DEX group on day 4 (p = 0.02). During the first 6 days, the urinary output was not significantly different (p = 0.09), but serum creatinine levels were significantly lower (p = 0.04) in the DEX group. The 28-day and in-hospital mortality rates were significantly lower in the DEX group (22% vs. 42%; p = 0.03, 28% vs. 52%; p = 0.01, respectively).

Conclusion

A sedation strategy with dexmedetomidine is associated with improved renal function and decrease mortality rates among patients with severe sepsis.

Trial registration

This trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01760967) on January 1, 2013.
Detection of subclinical cardiotoxicity in sarcoma patients receiving continuous doxorubicin infusion or pre-treatment with dexrazoxane before bolus doxorubicin
Authors: Li Jieli , Chang Hui-Ming , Banchs Jose , Araujo Dejka M. , Hassan Saamir A. , Wagar Elizabeth A. , Yeh Edward T. H. , Meng Qing H.
Published: January 2020

Background

Continuous infusion of doxorubicin or dexrazoxane pre-treatment prior to bolus doxorubicin are proven strategies to protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Recently, global longitudinal peak systolic strain (GLS) measured with speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) have been validated as sensitive indicators of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we asked whether changes in hs-TnT and/or GLS can be detected in patients who were treated with continuous infusion of doxorubicin or pre-treated with dexrazoxane followed by bolus doxorubicin.

Methods

Twenty-nine patients with newly diagnosed sarcoma were assigned to receive either 72-h doxorubicin infusion or dexrazoxane pre-treatment before bolus doxorubicin. Eight patients received dexrazoxane pre-treatment; eleven patients received continuous doxorubicin infusion; ten patients crossed over from continuous infusion to dexrazoxane. Bloods were collected for hs-TnT at baseline, 24 h or 72 h after initiation of doxorubicin treatment in each chemotherapy cycle. All blood samples were assayed in batch using hs-TnT kit from Roche diagnostics. 2D Echo and STE were performed before doxorubicin, after cycle 3, and at the end of chemotherapy.

Results

Seven patients in the cross-over group have at least one hs-TnT measurement between 5 ng/L to 10 ng/L during and after chemotherapy. Ten patients have at least one hs-TnT measurement above 10 ng/ml during and after chemotherapy (six in dexrazoxane group, three in continuous infusion group, one in cross-over group). The average hs-TnT level increases with each additional cycle of doxorubicin treatment. Eight patients had a more than 5% reduction in LVEF at the end of chemotherapy (four in dexrazoxane group, three in continuous infusion group, and one in cross-over group). Four out of these eight patients had a change of GLS by more than 15% (three in the dexrazoxane group).

Conclusion

Elevation in hs-TnT levels were observed in more than 59% of patients who had received either continuous doxorubicin infusion or dexrazoxane pre-treatment before bolus doxorubicin. However, changes in LVEF and GLS were less frequently observed. Thus, continuous doxorubicin infusion or dexrazoxane pre-treatment do not completely ameliorate subclinical doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity as detected by more sensitive techniques.
Quality improvement and practice-based research in sleep medicine using structured clinical documentation in the electronic medical record
Authors: Maraganore Demetrius M. , Freedom Thomas , Simon Kelly Claire , Lovitz Lori E. , Musleh Camelia , Munson Richard , Nasir Nabeela , Patel Smita , Paul Joya , Viola-Saltzman Mari , Meyers Steven , Chesis Richard , Hillman Laura , Tideman Samuel , Pham Anna , Vazquez Rosa Maria , Frigerio Roberta
Published: January 2020

Background

We developed and implemented a structured clinical documentation support (SCDS) toolkit within the electronic medical record, to optimize patient care, facilitate documentation, and capture data at office visits in a sleep medicine/neurology clinic for patient care and research collaboration internally and with other centers.

Methods

To build our SCDS toolkit, physicians met frequently to develop content, define the cohort, select outcome measures, and delineate factors known to modify disease progression. We assigned tasks to the care team and mapped data elements to the progress note. Programmer analysts built and tested the SCDS toolkit, which included several score tests. Auto scored and interpreted tests included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, and the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale. The SCDS toolkits also provided clinical decision support (untreated anxiety or depression) and prompted enrollment of patients in a DNA biobank.

Results

The structured clinical documentation toolkit captures hundreds of fields of discrete data at each office visit. This data can be displayed in tables or graphical form. Best practice advisories within the toolkit alert physicians when a quality improvement opportunity exists. As of May 1, 2019, we have used the toolkit to evaluate 18,105 sleep patients at initial visit. We are also collecting longitudinal data on patients who return for annual visits using the standardized toolkits. We provide a description of our development process and screenshots of our toolkits.

Conclusions

The electronic medical record can be structured to standardize Sleep Medicine office visits, capture data, and support multicenter quality improvement and practice-based research initiatives for sleep patients at the point of care.
Trophic position and diet shift based on the body size of Coreoperca kawamebari (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
Authors: Choi Jong-Yun , Kim Seong-Ki , Kim Jeong-Cheol , Yoon Jung-Do
Published: January 2020

Background

Fish body size is a major determinant of freshwater trophic interactions, yet only a few studies have explored the relationship between the fish body size and trophic interactions in river upstream. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the body size and trophic position (TP) of Coreoperca kawamebari (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) in an upstream of the Geum River.

Results

A stable isotope analysis (based on δ15N) was used to determine the TP based on the body size of C. kawamebari. The regression analysis (n = 33, f = 63.840, r2 = 0.68) clearly showed the relationship between the body length and TP of C. kawamebari. The TP of C. kawamebari was clearly divided by body size into the following classes: individuals of size < 10 cm that feed on insects and individuals of size > 10 cm feed on juvenile fish. This selective feeding is an evolutionarily selective tendency to maximize energy intake per unit time. Furthermore, the diet shift of C. kawamebari was led by different spatial distributions. The littoral zone was occupied by individuals of size < 10 cm, and those of size > 10 cm were mainly in the central zone. The littoral zone can be assumed to be enriched with food items such as ephemeropterans and dipterans.

Conclusion

The TP of C. kawamebari, as a carnivorous predator, will have a strong influence on biotic interactions in the upstream area of the Geum River, which can lead to food web implication.
The therapeutic role of Cannabidiol in mental health: a systematic review
Authors: Khan Rabia , Naveed Sadiq , Mian Nadeem , Fida Ania , Raafey Muhammad Abdur , Aedma Kapil Kiran
Published: January 2020

Background

The therapeutic application of cannabidiol (CBD) is gaining interest due to expanding evidence for its use.

Objective

To summarize the clinical outcomes, study designs and limitations for the use of CBD and nabiximols (whole plant extract fromCannabis sativaL. that has been purified into 1:1 ratio of CBD and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Materials and method

A systematic review was conducted including case reports, case series, open-label trials, non-randomized and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The search resulted in 23 relevant studies on CBD and nabiximols in the treatment of a wide range of psychiatric disorders. The quality of evidence was judged by using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence that ranges from Level 1 to Level 5 based on the quality and study design. These levels of evidence help in grading the recommendations, including Grade A (strong), Grade B (moderate), Grade C (weak), and Grade D (weakest).

Results

CBD and CBD-containing compounds such as nabiximols were helpful in alleviating psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment in patients with a variety of conditions, and several studies provided evidence of effectiveness in the treatment of cannabis withdrawal and moderate to severe cannabis use disorder with Grade B recommendation. There is Grade B recommendation supporting the use of CBD for the treatment of schizophrenia, social anxiety disorder and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Grade C recommendation exists for insomnia, anxiety, bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and Tourette syndrome. These recommendations should be considered in the context of limited number of available studies.

Conclusion

CBD and CBD-containing compounds such as nabiximols were helpful in alleviating symptoms of cannabis-related disorders, schizophrenia, social anxiety disorder, and comorbidities of ASD, and ADHD with moderate recommendation. However, there is weaker evidence for insomnia, anxiety, bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and Tourette syndrome. The evidence for the use of CBD and CBD-containing compounds for psychiatric disorders needs to be explored in future studies, especially large-scale and well-designed RCTs.
Nonlinear L1 adaptive control of stagnation pressure in a cryogenic wind tunnel
Authors: Zhu Rusong , Xie Mingwei , Liao Daxiong , Tang Gengsheng , Gai Wen
Published: January 2020

Cryogenic wind tunnel is a sophisticated aerodynamics ground test facility, which operates in cryogenic temperature with injection of liquid nitrogen. The multi-variable, nonlinear and coupled dynamics existing between the temperature, pressure and Mach number in the tunnel, poses great challenges for the effective control of the tunnel. L1 adaptive control is a new control methodology developed in recent years with good robustness properties, which has good potentials to address these challenges. But this control method does not provide full adaptive feedforward control in its generic structure. In the paper, adaptive feedforward control action is introduced into the standard L1 adaptive control architecture for nonlinear systems in the presence of matched un-modeled dynamics. This new control structure is applied to the stagnation pressure control in a cryogenic wind tunnel, which could also be used for the control of temperature and Mach number in the tunnel. This new method could effectively compensate known disturbances with linear gain uncertainty, which occur in the nonlinear systems, while retaining the closed-loop control performance of L1 adaptive control. After the proof and discussions on the stability of this method, simulations of the stagnation pressure control in the wind tunnel are presented. The results and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control architecture.
Association of sleep duration and insomnia with menstrual symptoms among young women in Upper Egypt
Authors: Arafa Ahmed , Mahmoud Omaima , Abu Salem Entisar , Mohamed Abeer
Published: January 2020

Background

Disturbed sleep and menstrual symptoms are prevalent health conditions with limited successful treatments. This study aimed to detect the association between sleep problems and menstrual symptoms among young women in Upper Egypt. In this cross-sectional study, 4122 young women aged 12 to 25 years and residing in Beni-Suef City were recruited using a multi-stage random method. The participants were interviewed for their premenstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, average daily hours of sleep, and insomnia during the previous 6 months.

Results

Young women who reported sleep < 8 and < 7 h/day had more premenstrual spasm than those who slept ≥ 8 h/day: OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.5 and OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6, respectively. Hours of sleep were not associated with other menstrual symptoms. Compared with those without insomnia, young women with insomnia were more likely to report premenstrual spasm (OR 2.3, 95% CI 18–2.8), nervousness (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.9–2.8), fatigue (OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.4–3.6), headache (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.2–3.2), breast pain (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5–2.3), weight gain (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.0–3.3), GIT disturbance (OR 2.8, 95% CI 2.2–3.6), and dysmenorrhea (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6–4.3).

Conclusion

Insomnia has been shown to be significantly associated with premenstrual symptoms and dysmenorrhea, but no substantial relationship has been indicated between hours of sleep and most menstrual symptoms.
Review on Tablet in Tablet techniques
Authors: Gaikwad Sachin S. , Kshirsagar Sanjay J.
Published: January 2020

Background

Among all available dosage form, tablet is most widely used because of its stability and patient acceptability. The better aesthetic quality like color, texture, mouth feel, and taste masking depended on film and sugar coatings, so the coating is an important part in the formulation of the tablet. The present work aims to comprehensively review the formulation, characterization, and challenges in the development of Tablet in Tablet dosage form.

Main text

Film and sugar coatings have the number of disadvantages; most important one is the utilization of aqueous or organic solvent that leads to toxicity. To overcome this problem in the year 1896, Noyes firstly introduced the compression coating or Tablet in Tablet technique. In the development of Tablet in Tablet dosage form, substantial attention among researchers and various research reports and patents inputs can be found in the literature. Also, we focused on the recent advancements in techniques like one-step dry-coating (OSDrC®) for manufacturing Tablet in Tablet dosage form.

Conclusion

The current review gathered information on the latest patent, formulation, advantages, and disadvantages of Tablet in Tablet or compression coating. The review also elaborates on the importance of Tablet in Tablet techniques in the development of a modified release system.

Graphical abstract
Analysis of Global Pediatric Cancer Research and Publications
Authors: Syrimi Eleni , Lewison Grant , Sullivan Richard , Kearns Pamela
Published: January 2020

This study sought to investigate the amount of global research activity and investment in pediatric cancer research, using publications as a proxy measure, and to understand geographical differences in research activity. To do this, we used a quantitative method—bibliometrics—to analyze Web of Science publications in the 10 years from 2007 to 2016. We found that global pediatric cancer research outputs have increased from 2,937 in 2007 to 4,513 in 2016, at an annual growth rate of 4.3%. This rate is slower than for both cancer research as a whole and general pediatric research. The increase in output was due almost entirely to China. International collaboration was similar to that in cancer research overall, with the highest levels among countries in close geographical proximity. Hematological and CNS childhood cancers are the main areas for research. Genetics and prognosis were the main research domains, and there was little work on radiotherapy or palliative care. In terms of citations, the best-performing countries were the Netherlands, the United States, and the United Kingdom. On the basis of estimates of the cost of research papers in different countries, the total world pediatric cancer research expenditure is estimated to have been 1.54 billion US dollars (USD) in 2013, and 1.79 billion USD in 2016. Our data suggest that current global policy toward pediatric cancer needs significant review and change to increase investments, balance research portfolios, and improve research that is relevant to low- and middle-income countries.
Parallels between wound healing, epimorphic regeneration and solid tumors
Authors: Wong Alan Y. , Whited Jessica L.
Published: January 2020

Striking similarities between wound healing, epimorphic regeneration and the progression of solid tumors have been uncovered by recent studies. In this Review, we discuss systemic effects of tumorigenesis that are now being appreciated in epimorphic regeneration, including genetic, cellular and metabolic heterogeneity, changes in circulating factors, and the complex roles of immune cells and immune modulation at systemic and local levels. We suggest that certain mechanisms enabling regeneration may be co-opted by cancer to promote growth at primary and metastatic sites. Finally, we advocate that working with a unified approach could complement research in both fields.
Rescuing stalled mammalian mitoribosomes – what can we learn from bacteria?
Authors: Ayyub Shreya Ahana , Gao Fei , Lightowlers Robert N. , Chrzanowska-Lightowlers Zofia M.
Published: January 2020

In the canonical process of translation, newly completed proteins escape from the ribosome following cleavage of the ester bond that anchors the polypeptide to the P-site tRNA, after which the ribosome can be recycled to initiate a new round of translation. Not all protein synthesis runs to completion as various factors can impede the progression of ribosomes. Rescuing of stalled ribosomes in mammalian mitochondria, however, does not share the same mechanisms that many bacteria use. The classic method for rescuing bacterial ribosomes is trans-translation. The key components of this system are absent from mammalian mitochondria; however, four members of a translation termination factor family are present, with some evidence of homology to members of a bacterial back-up rescue system. To date, there is no definitive demonstration of any other member of this family functioning in mitoribosome rescue. Here, we provide an overview of the processes and key players of canonical translation termination in both bacteria and mammalian mitochondria, followed by a perspective of the bacterial systems used to rescue stalled ribosomes. We highlight any similarities or differences with the mitochondrial translation release factors, and suggest potential roles for these proteins in ribosome rescue in mammalian mitochondria.
Centriolar satellite biogenesis and function in vertebrate cells
Authors: Prosser Suzanna L. , Pelletier Laurence
Published: January 2020

Centriolar satellites are non-membranous cytoplasmic granules that concentrate in the vicinity of the centrosome, the major microtubule-organizing centre (MTOC) in animal cells. Originally assigned as conduits for the transport of proteins towards the centrosome and primary cilium, the complexity of satellites is starting to become apparent. Recent studies defined the satellite proteome and interactomes, placing hundreds of proteins from diverse pathways in association with satellites. In addition, studies on cells lacking satellites have revealed that the centrosome can assemble in their absence, whereas studies on acentriolar cells have demonstrated that satellite assembly is independent from an intact MTOC. A role for satellites in ciliogenesis is well established; however, their contribution to other cellular functions is poorly understood. In this Review, we discuss the developments in our understanding of centriolar satellite assembly and function, and why satellites are rapidly becoming established as governors of multiple cellular processes. We highlight the composition and biogenesis of satellites and what is known about the regulation of these aspects. Furthermore, we discuss the evolution from thinking of satellites as mere facilitators of protein trafficking to the centrosome to thinking of them being key regulators of protein localization and cellular proteostasis for a diverse set of pathways, making them of broader interest to fields beyond those focused on centrosomes and ciliogenesis.
Race to the Bottom? Local Tax Break Competition and Business Location
Authors: Mast Evan
Published: January 2020

I analyze how competition between localities affects tax breaks and business location decisions. I first use a geographic instrument to show that spatial competition substantially increases firm-specific property tax breaks. I then use this pattern to estimate a model of localities competing for mobile firms by offering tax exemptions. In counterfactual exercises, restricting which levels of government can offer tax breaks has little effect on equilibrium business locations but lowers total exemptions by 30 percent. This suggests that local tax break competition primarily reduces taxes for mobile firms and is unlikely to substantially affect the efficiency of business location. (JEL H25, H71, H73, R32)
Game—An Experiential Approach to Teaching Structural Decision Areas in Operations Strategy—The TANGOS Exercise
Authors: Wilson Shellyanne
Published: January 2020

The Tangibles in Operations Strategy (TANGOS) exercise provides students with the direct experience of designing a firm’s operations function. Specifically, students must engage in decision making with respect to the structural decision areas in a firm’s operations strategy, by considering the firm’s product strategy and span of control, process choice, capacity, and layout. The exercise, divided into three parts, spans a period of 6–8 weeks, to coincide with the teaching of these operations management topics. Part 1 involves deciding on the product models to be made, the span of control, and the process choice. Part 2 examines capacity issues. Part 3 deals with the plant layout. The exercise is not resource intensive, and it offers flexibility, where instructors could choose to focus on any single part of the exercise, as well as alter constraints to limit or expand the scope of each decision. Student feedback reflects a high rating of the exercise.
Innovating How to Learn Design Thinking, Making, and Innovation: Incorporating Multiple Modes in Teaching the Innovation Process
Authors: Seidel Victor P. , Marion Tucker J. , Fixson Sebastian K.
Published: January 2020

Faculty in business and engineering schools are increasingly focused on teaching the fundamentals of the innovation process to students at all levels. There has been a recent embrace of teaching the innovation process through a user-centered “design thinking” methodology and on experiential “making” activities within interdisciplinary teams. Although valuable as part of an innovation curriculum, a focus on only one set of tools and methods such as design thinking may detract from other valuable approaches, thereby limiting the full range of incremental to radical innovation outcomes that students need to learn to be effective innovation leaders. In this essay we review pedagogy related to teaching innovation processes, and we categorize approaches into four modes depending on teaching method (experiential or analytical) and participant context (disciplinary or interdisciplinary). We propose that in order to teach innovation effectively, students need to be exposed to all four modes, where learning opportunities differ. We illustrate our points drawing from courses among multiple settings, and we provide implications for curriculum design that will help faculty to innovate how they teach innovation.
Advancing Empirical Science in Operations Management Research: A Clarion Call to Action
Authors: Roth Aleda , Rosenzweig Eve
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we examine the rise of empirical operations management research in Manufacturing & Service Operations Management (M&SOM). We review 91 empirically focused papers published in M&SOM since its inception in 1999, classifying them based on data type and data collection methodology. The results show that although empirical operations management research has made great strides thus far, empirical research still lags analytic modeling, and much work remains to be done. We call on operations management scholars to broaden and increase their use of empirical tools as a vital source of new knowledge creation; and we highlight the benefits of filling methodological gaps, especially in case and survey research. Drawing on the dynamics associated with paradigm shifts, we offer a new research paradigm that we term combinative research value, in which these two empirical techniques, coupled with other approaches (e.g., web scraping, analyses of big data, and/or analytic modeling), can help accelerate our understanding of changing operating strategies and practices. We advocate for a tighter integration of analytical and empirical operations management knowledge in order to address the challenges and opportunities of the fast-paced, enormous forces of change in the 21st century.
Alleviating Poverty by Empowering Women Through Business Model Innovation: Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Insights and Opportunities
Authors: L. Plambeck Erica , Ramdas Kamalini
Published: January 2020

Manufacturing & Service Operations Management (M&SOM) has published papers of importance for poverty alleviation. Yet rich opportunities for impactful research remain as yet untapped. Operations management (OM) insights suggest business model innovations that alleviate poverty by simultaneously empowering women, protecting natural systems or mitigating pollution, increasing incomes, and creating low-cost, high-quality products or services. OM researchers can help empower women and overcome poverty by developing, testing, refining, and disseminating such business model innovations.
Technical Note—Consistency Analysis of Sequential Learning Under Approximate Bayesian Inference
Authors: Chen Ye , Ryzhov Ilya O.
Published: January 2020

“Bayesian learning works even with censored information” We often learn about a problem from information that is incomplete or censored: for example, a medical treatment may cause side effects with no indication of what the right dose should have been. Bayesian belief models are useful in such settings, but cannot be constructed using traditional methods; as a result, practitioners have developed ways of constructing them approximately. These approximations have been very successful in many application domains, yet until now have lacked theoretical support. The paper “Consistency analysis of sequential learning under approximate Bayesian inference,” by Chen and Ryzhov, links approximate Bayesian learning to stochastic approximation theory. Using this link, the authors prove – for the first time – the consistency of a suite of approximate Bayesian methods culled from the literature. One highlight is an entirely new consistency proof for Bayesian logistic regression, a well-established approximation technique that essentially treats logistic regression as if it were ordinary least squares.
Cisplatin Toxicity in Children with Malignancy
Authors: Ruggiero Antonio , Trombatore Giovanna , Triarico Silvia , Capozza Michele Antonio , Coccia Paola , Attina Giorgio , Mastrangelo Stefano , Maurizi Palma
Published: January 2020

Platinum’ derivates are antineoplastic agents widely adopted for their efficacy for the treatment of many pediatric cancers. The use of cisplatin has positively influenced the results of the cure of different childhood malignancies. However, cisplatin-based treatments are limited by the risk of severe and progressive toxicities, such as oto- or nephrotoxicity, that can be more serious in very young children expecially when high cumulative doses and/or radiotherapy is administered. A correct knowledge of the cisplatin’ pharmacological features might be of interest for clinicians in order to manage its potential toxicities. Based on the positive trend in the cure of children with cancer, it is crucial that all children receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy have and appropriate and long-term follow-up to improve their quality of life.
Improved Methods for Brain Tumor Detection and Analysis Using MR Brain Images
Authors: Isselmou Abd El Kader , Xu Guizhi , Zhang Shuai
Published: January 2020

Medical image processing techniques play an important role in helping doctors and facilities for patient diagnosis, the aim of this paper is comparison between three improved methods to identify the brain tumor using magnetic resonance brain images and analysis of the performance of each method according to different values, accuracy, nJaccard coeff, ndice, sensitivity, specificity, recall and precision values,We used three improved methods the first method improved fuzzy c-means algorithm (IFCM), the second method is improved feed-forward neural network (IFFNN), and the third method is a hybrid self-organizing map with a fuzzy k-means algorithm,the significance of these methods is complementary among them where each one has an advantage in a certain value as shown in the paper results, the three methods gave a very good performance, generally they can identify the tumor area clearly in MR brain image with different performance of the values, each method gave better values than others according to a comparison between the performance value of three methods,Finally, the improved methods allow the development of algorithms to diagnose a tumor more accurately and for a short period of time and each method is distinguished from each other in the performance and value, this gives integrity and strength to this work, these methods can be used in pre and post radio surgical applications
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV: A Target for Improving Metabolic Syndrome Components in Obese Children and Adolescents
Authors: El- Alameey Inas R. , Ahmed Hanaa H. , Abushady Mones M.
Published: January 2020

Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a circulating glycoprotein that reduces uptake of insulin-stimulated glucose and is related to obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, the influence of exercise and nutritional plan on serum DPP-IV in children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome remains unclear. To judge serum activity of DPP-IV in obese children and adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome, and to assess the impact of exercise, and nutritional regimen on serum DPP-IV activity, metabolic syndrome components, and insulin resistance issue in children and adolescents with obesity. This study included 80 Egyptian individuals; 40 obese subjects (group Ι), and 40 healthy non-obese subjects (group ΙΙ) with matched age and sex. Serum DPP-IV activity, lipid panel, glucose, and insulin levels were quantified. Serum DPP-IV enzyme activity of obese patients with MS revealed significant elevation than those who did not have MS, and control counterparts (P < 0.001). The serum DPP-IV enzyme activity, lipid panel except HDL, and HOMA-IR were significantly suppressed after weight loss due to exercise and nutritional regimen. In obese patients at baseline, serum High BMI Z-score, W/H ratio, BAI, and serum triglycerides are the main actors in stimulating DPP-IV enzyme activity in obese patients by linear regression analysis, and they were positively correlated with DPP-IV enzyme activity. BMI z-score, W/H ratio, BAI, and serum triglycerides are closely associated with high serum DPP-IV enzyme activity in obese patients. The reduced DPP-IV enzyme activity after weight loss is paralleled by a significant modulation of HOMA-IR.
Inverse correlation of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase and Haemoglobin Levels in patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Sudha Jimson , Julius Amaladas , Jimson Samson , Padmavathy Kesavaram
Published: January 2020

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a marker of cellular necrosis and is elevated in oral potentially malignant disorders, Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF). Serum LDH levels have been used as a valuable biochemical marker in diagnosis of OSMF. To evaluate and compare the levels of serum LDH and haemoglobin in OSMF with normal healthy individuals. Two mL of venous blood was collected by under aseptic conditions and serum was separated from the normal healthy control subjects (Group 1, n= 22) and the OSMF (clinically and histopathologically confirmed cases) patients (Group 2, n= 22). Quantitative estimation of serum LDH and haemoglobin was performed. Significant rise was observed in the serum LDH levels (518.14 ± 48.62 IU/L) while the mean Hb levels (11.3 ± 1.14) were decreased in patients with OSMF in comparison with normal healthy individuals (LDH: 189.77 ± 28.30 IU/L, Hb: 12.94± 0.98 gm%) (P value < 0.0001, < 0.0001). Serum LDH and Hb estimation would serve as a valuable biochemical marker in the diagnosis of OSMF
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Polyherbal Formulation (PHF) on Carrageenan and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Inflammation in Rats
Authors: Jargalsaikhan Bat-Erdene , Ganbaatar Narangerel , Urtnasan Myadagbadam , Uranbileg Nyamdolgor , Begzsuren Dagvatseren
Published: January 2020

Polyherbal formulation (PHF) is composed of Artemisia santolinifolia Turcz, Saussurea salicifolia L. and Hippophae rhamnoides L., which mainly used for inflammatory disorders in traditional Mongolian medicine. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of PHF in carrageenan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced models of inflammation. The total active constituents of 20% ethanol extract of PHF was determined, using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride reagent, respectively. Inflammation models were induced by 1% carrageenan and LPS 7.5 mg/kg in the experimental groups. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB-1) were measured in PHF pretreatment groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The lungs were harvested and evaluated for histopathological assessment on 12 hours after LPS administration. The content of total phenolic was 28.5±0.12 mg/g and flavonoids 12.4±0.42 mg/g. After 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min, the data indicate that PHF 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg was significantly effective reducing paw edema volumes induced by carrageenan compared to control (p<0.01). PHF pretreatment significantly reduced levels of serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 at 300 minutes after carrageenan injection. Moreover, pretreated with PHF 150 mg/kg groups serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB-1 were significantly (p<0.01) reduced compared with the control group after LPS injection. It showed less inﬂammation and change of pulmonary structure compared with the LPS group at 12 hours after LPS injection. From the results of the study, it was demonstrated that PHF had sufficient potential to treat inflammatory disorders by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines.
FTIR and Elementary Analysis of Trigona Honey, Apis Honey and Adulterated Honey Mixtures
Authors: Mail Mohd Hafiz , Ab. Rahim Nurhidayah , Amanah Azimah , Hidhir Khawory Muhammad , Anuar Shahudin Mohd , Seeni Azman
Published: January 2020

Honey is at high risk for the adulteration in global trade. Studies on the authenticity of stingless bee honey from Trigona spp. is necessary since the market demand for this product is increasing, particularly in Malaysia, due to its high nutritional value. FTIR spectroscopy has recently been used approach for a rapid and non-destructive measurement of honey quality and discriminate adulterated honey. The purpose of this study is to determine the FTIR and elementary content of Trigona spp. and Apis spp. honey, and further investigate the influence of the additional adulterants to the measured spectra absorbance. Both Trigona spp. and Apis spp. honey exhibit almost identical IR spectra curves, but there are notable different of their absorbance peak at the identified functional group regions. There is a correlation of the measured absorbance to the actual composition of Trigona spp. honey, which emphasized the low carbohydrate but high water content of the honey. Water or vinegar diluted honey has segregated absorbance peak from the pure honey. Our finding indicated that the FTIR is applicable in discriminate of pure and adulterated Trigona honey, but a further investigation on physico-chemical properties such as elementary content is needed for a comprehensive analysis.
The Adaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Predict the Moroccan Nurses Student Clinical Performance
Authors: Bandadi Lahcen , Chamkal Nadia , Belbachir Siham , Zahra Azzaoui Fatima , Ahami Ahmed O. T.
Published: January 2020

In nursing, performance is crucial to meet the needs of patients, provide quality care and ensure safety. One of the most fundamental goals of nursing education is to develop nurses student performance. This study was conducted to investigate the effect the adaptive and the maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies on the Moroccan nurses student clinical performance from the Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Technics of Health, Rabat, Morocco. This study was a descriptive correlational research including 320 students from final semester. The majority of participants were female (72, 50%) with the rest (27.50%) were male. The participants mean age was 21,29±0,79. Two tools were used to collect the data. The first was the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The second was the Six Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance. The results of this research show significant positive correlation between three of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies (acceptance, positive reappraisal, refocus on planning strategies) and the nurses student performance (p < 0, 01). The multiple regression indicates that acceptance strategie is the main predictor of the performance (Beta = 8.13, p < 0.01). The results clearly highlight the importance to promote the emotion management among others cognitive emotion regulation, especially acceptance strategie in the field of nursing education. Other studies should be oriented towards this subject in order to increase knowledge in this field.
An unusual case of human intravenous immunoglobulin induced erythema multiforme in a child.
Authors: G. Bhat Kamalakshi , Parida Amrita , Kamath Ashwin , R. Rao Rashmi
Published: January 2020

Human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used for diverse conditions is a relatively safe drug with fewer adverse effects. Here, we report a rare case of IVIG-induced erythema multiforme in a four-year-old female child. The child tolerated the initial doses of IVIG well; however, following the fifth dose, she developed multiple erythematous rash over the trunk, upper and lower limbs associated with itching. She was diagnosed to have IVIG-induced erythema multiforme and treated symptomatically and recovered completely within a week. There is limited literature available related to IVIG-induced erythema multiforme; hence we decided to report this case.
Is there a Correlation between Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 with Autotaxin, Azurocidin-1, Apolipoprotein C-III and Elastase-2 in Male Iraqi Acute Myocardial Infraction Patients?
Authors: F. T. Alaaraji Shakir
Published: January 2020

Acute Myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the important reasons of loss of life and bodily incapacity global prompt via cardiovascular diseases (CVD). AMI stimulates the innate immune system that is required to employee leukocytes to remove necrotic cells and recruit myocardial healing. To evaluate serum concentrations of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), Autotaxin (ATX), Azurocidin-1 (AZU-1), Apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) and Elastase-2 (ELA-2) in male Iraqi AMI patients and healthy controls (HCs), and explain the association of MCP-1with ATX, AZU-1, APOC3 and ELA-2 in male Iraqi AMI patients, also explore the best parameter which can use to differentiate between AMI patients. This case-control study included 84 men aged 40–68 years. Waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), thoracic circumference (TC), neck circumference (NC), height, weight, age, and further covariates were obtained via an inquiry form. They were separated into two equivalent groups: the patients group and the healthy group, serum concentrations of MCP-1, ATX, AZU-1, APOC3 and ELA-2 were estimated via ELISA. Serum of MCP-1, ATX, AZU-1, APOC3 and ELA-2 concentrations were importantly greater in patients with AMI than in HCs (p< 0.001). MCP-1 concentrations were importantly linked with ATX, AZU-1, APOC3 and ELA-2 in AMI cases (p< 0.001). The greater value of MPC-1 association was with ELA-2 (r=0.592). MCP-1 exhibited the maximum value for área under curve (AUC=1) in comparison to other studied biomarkers. The present data explained the role of MCP-1, ATX, AZU-1, APOC3 and ELA-2 in AMI disease; we found they have central functions in this disease, mainly obese patients. Attention must be taken to avoid confusion among risk markers and risk factors. Great serum concentrations of MCP-1 offered important correlations between risk markers and risk factors of AMI disease.