bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality of Tuberculosis Services in Lusaka, Zambia; Patients’ Perspective
Authors: Sikateyo Theresa Chansa Chilufya
Published: April 2022

Zambia is among the 30 countries with high Tuberculosis (TB) burden, with an estimated 455 new cases per 100,000 people annually. Zambia and its partners are committed to accelerating the response to end TB through the provision of good quality of TB services, among other things. Despite the coordinated effort in addressing TB, little is documented about patients’ perceptions regarding the quality of TB services in Zambia. This study was conducted to assess the quality of TB services from the patient’s perspective. A facility-based cross-sectional study that utilized both quantitative and qualitative data collection. The study sample was 352 randomly selected patients on TB treatment and 58 purposefully selected TB treatment support persons. The patient’s perceived quality of care was measured by their perceived satisfaction of TB services in relation to accessibility of the TB clinic, timeliness of service provision, availability of qualified service providers, access to health education, the perceived attitude of service providers, and availability of drugs. Results revealed a high level of perceived good quality of TB services. The TB patients were more satisfied with the attitude of service providers, followed by the timeliness of service provision. Overall, 94.9% of the TB patients reported being satisfied with TB services. There is a high perception of good quality of TB services among the patients. Despite the high level of good quality, the study revealed limitations with regard to drug dispensation and the availability of qualified staff.
Promoting Healthy Aging through Lifestyle Changes: The Plausibility and Evidence-based Recommendations
Authors: Adelowo Abiodun Bamidele
Published: April 2022

Through the advances in public health, most humans on earth are now assured to live to at least 60 years, regardless of their geographical location and socio-economic status. Between 2015 and 2050, the proportion of the world’s population 60 years and above will be expected to increase from 900 million to 2.1 billion, while the average global life expectancy will be expected to increase by additional 10 years. Experts have ascribed this development as the most significant social transformation of the 21st century. However, although the world may have successfully learned how to live longer, it has not necessarily learned how to live healthier. In most situations, old age is associated with significant loss of physical and mental functionalities, increased risk of developing multiple diseases (including COVID-19), and reduced quality of life. This association has been described as the most important global public health challenge of the 21st century. The objective of this article is to investigate the scientific plausibility of slowing down the aging process and to identify evidence-based measures of achieving healthy aging. A review of related online free-full articles written in the English language published from 2000 to 2021 was done. It was noticed that the pace and quality of aging can be significantly influenced by controlling the lifestyle determinants of aging. Although the science of healthy aging is still evolving, there is enough evidence for healthcare professionals to recommend evidence-based strategies of achieving healthy aging to the public and to policymakers.
Knowledge, Determinants of Attitude and Willingness for Cosmetic Surgery among Online Media Users in Nigeria
Authors: Tope Ipinnimo
Published: April 2022

Cosmetic surgery has become popular in both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study is to identify the level of knowledge, determinants of attitude, and willingness for cosmetic surgery among online media users in Nigeria. A semi-structured online questionnaire was designed on Google forms and was forwarded to respondents via the investigator’s social media networks (Email, WhatsApp, Facebook). Data on socio-demographic characteristics, level of knowledge, attitude, and willingness for cosmetic surgery was collected from one hundred and ninety-seven online users and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. P-value less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as significant. The mean age of the respondent was 28.0 ± 7.1 years with a male to female ratio of 1:1.4. The majority (91.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge of cosmetic surgery, but 53.0% of the respondents have a positive attitude to cosmetic surgery. More than three-quarters (77.7%) were unwilling to have cosmetic surgery, and satisfaction with body image was the most frequent reason stated. The younger age group, respondents that are Christians, and personal income of above ₦1,000,000 ($2,595.63) per annum were predictors of a positive attitude to cosmetic surgery. The respondents had good knowledge of cosmetic surgery. However, the attitude towards cosmetic surgery was relatively poor. Factors such as age, religion, ethnic affiliation, and income were important determinants of the attitude towards cosmetic surgery.
The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic and Gender-Based Violence on Uptake of HIV Services in Touboro District Hospital, Cameroon
Authors: Mewoabi Sandrine
Published: April 2022

As we move towards HIV epidemic control in Cameroon, we strive to limit the number of new infections by maintaining on-treatment PWHIV. The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic may cause interruptions in HIV treatment and slow progression. COVID-19 control measures have caused; the lockdown of businesses, some health services, and imposed work from home, with intimate partners and more people spending longer hours together at home. As a consequence, there is an increased risk of gender-based violence (GBV). GBV can affect adherence to treatment in PWHIV and prevent them from accessing health services. The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of Covid-19 and GBV on the uptake of HIV services by assessing interruptions in treatment. Using a structured questionnaire, demographic data, Information on COVID-19 and intimate partner violence were obtained from 339 participants between 15 and 60 years old, taking HIV treatment at the Touboro district hospital. We used the Antiretroviral treatment register of the health facility to extract data on the frequency and duration of interruption in treatment. The Prevalence of intimate partner violence was high in our study participants, although interruption in treatment was only significant in respondents who reported verbal abuse. A strong association was observed between Covid 19 and interruption in treatment. There was equally an association between Covid-19 and an increase in intimate IPV. Other Socio-demographic variables found to affect interruption in treatment were level of Education of the partner, Age difference with intimate partner greater than 10years, and early years on antiretroviral therapy. According to the study, Both Gender-based violence (IPV) and Covid-19 affect interruption in antiretroviral treatment.
Assessment of Household Out-of-pocket (OOP) Contributions to Health Expenditure in Niger State North Central Nigeria
Authors: Junaidu Inuwa
Published: April 2022

In Nigeria, revenue for financing the health sector is collected from pooled and un‐pooled sources. The un‐pooled sources contribute over 70% of total health expenditure, and this can be Out-of-Pockets (OOPs) in the form of fees to healthcare providers at the time of service. The aim of the study was to estimate the out-of-pocket health expenditure of the households in Niger State. A cross-sectional quantitative study was carried out among 1,235 households made up of 6,482 individuals using a multi-stage stratified probability sampling technique. Data was collected using a well-structured survey instrument and analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS statistical software version 23. Findings shows that the annual per capita out-of-pocket expenditure on health services was approximately ₦19,463 ($46.9), and 64% of the total OOP expenditure is spent on public facilities. 32% of the OOP was incurred mainly from accessing maternal health services, with 56% likely to incur catastrophic expenditure. 75% of the sampled population expressed willingness to enroll into a form of health insurance, and an average household is willing to pay a monthly premium of ₦798 ($1.9) for health insurance. The study shows the urgency with which policy makers need to increase public healthcare funding and provide social health protection plans against informal OOP health payments. Furthermore, for Niger State to achieve the recommended benchmark of 30% OOP as a percentage of total health expenditure, it is critical that the newly signed into law contributory health insurance scheme is well designed, successfully implemented, and financially sustainable.
4 Dimensional X-Strain Speckle Tracking Echocardiography: Assessment of Normal Values of Left Ventricular Rotation and Twist, in Healthy Indian Adults during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mehrotra Akhil
Published: April 2022

Cardiac MRI and 2Dimensional speckle Tracking Echocardiography (2D STE) are the most sought-after methods to evaluate LV twist mechanics. LV rotational deformation resembles the wringing of a towel, and this deformation is referred as LV twist (LVT), and the subsequent recoil in diastole is known as LV untwist (LVUT). 2D/3D/4D twist mechanics assessment by STE is inherently associated with limitations. Recently introduced 4D XStrain STE has been used for evaluation of strain parameters because of better appraisal of contractile properties of LV, to analyse complex multi-dimensional LV rotational mechanics. This novel technology is a reliable, affordable, and simple tool for quantification of regional myocardial functions, particularly LV strain and rotation parameters. To evaluate and establish the normal values of LV rotation and twist by 4D XStrain STE in healthy Indian adults during the Covid-19 pandemic was the aim of the current study. 46 subjects were enrolled (34 males & 12 females). LA size, LV mass, CO, LVEDV and mitral E/A ratio were significantly greater in males (p<0.01) even though EF was higher in females (p<0.01). GLS, GCS, and GRS were increased in males (p<0.01). Peak basal rotation, peak twist, peak twist rate, and peak untwist rate were also greater in males (p<0.01), nonetheless, peak apical rotation and papillary muscle rotational velocity were greater in females (p<0.01). However, MV rotational velocity was increased in males (p<0.01). This is the first research publication of normal values of LV rotation and twists in healthy Indian adults by 4D XStrain STE.
Avatares de la alimentación en México.
Authors: Pío Martínez Juan
Published: April 2022

En este artículo se estudian las vicisitudes en la producción y el consumo de alimentos a que se han visto sometidas, desde los últimos quinientos años, las comunidades indígenas y los sectores sociales de bajos recursos en México. Se aborda esquemáticamente el origen de las relaciones ideológicas y de poder que han incidido en las concepciones agrícolas cuya tendencia es privilegiar patrones de consumo alimenticio propios de los grupos de poder, a la vez que favorece los cultivos comerciales en detrimento de los cultivos básicos para la población en general. Se alude a una “ideología alimentaria” que desde Europa había generado una confrontación entre carnívoros y vegetarianos, y que en sí misma contradice la “teoría de la salvación”, implícita en la mayoría de los estudios historiográficos. Se analiza el problema de la introducción de la ganadería y la tendencia a importar maíz y frijol. Por ello, se alude de modo tangencial a los conceptos de “seguridad alimentaria” y “soberanía alimentaria” para contrastar la agenda homogeneizadora del primer caso con el interés del segundo caso en que cada región produzca lo que secularmente ha producido de acuerdo con sus condiciones naturales y culturales.
Actions of CRF and its Analogs
Authors: Eckart Klaus , Radulovic Jelena , Radulovic Marko , Jahn Olaf , Blank Thomas , Stiedl Oliver , Spiess Joachim
Published: April 2022

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), urocortin, sauvagine and urotensin I form the CRF family. These peptides bind with different affinities to two subtypes of CRF receptor (CRFR), CRFR1 and CRFR2. The latter exists as two splice variants, the neuronal CRFR2a. and the peripheral
CRFR2. CRFR is a G protein-dependent receptor which acts mainly through
Gs enhancing cAMP production. However, CRFR1 expressed in neutrophils of the spleen in response to immunologic stimulation and psychological stress does not seem to function through Gs, as indicated by the inability of CRF to stimulate the cAMP production of CRFR1+ neutrophils. Besides the two receptors, a 37 kD CRF binding protein (CRF-BP) binds several CRF peptides with high affinity. CRFR and CRF-BP do not share a common amino acid sequence representing the ligand binding site. In view of the unusually slow offrate of CRF-BP, it is proposed that CRF-BP provides an efficient uptake of free extracellular CRF. Thus, the time of exposure of CRFR to CRF or urocortin can be limited. At this time, the fate of the ligand CRF­ BP complex is unclear. CRFR1 is not only involved in the hypophyseal stimulation of corticotropin release, but hippocampal CRFR1 mediates enhancement of stress-induced learning. CRFR1 may also be involved in basic anxiety. In contrast, at least in the mouse, CRFR2 of the lateral intermediate septum mediates tonic impairment of learning. In response to stressful stimuli or after local injection of high CRF doses, CRFR2 mediates anxiety. Effects requiring CRFR2 can be blocked specifically by the recently developed peptidic antagonist antisauvagine-
30.
Ligand-Ligand and Ligand-Receptor Approaches to Modeling the Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 Receptors: Achievements and Challenges
Authors: Reggio Patricia H.
Published: April 2022

The cannabinoid CB1 and CB1 receptors belong to the super family of G protein-coupled receptors. Antagonists for each receptor sub­ type, as well as four structural classes of agonists that bind to both receptors, have been identified. In the absence of an experimentally determined structure for each of these two receptors, computational molecular modeling approaches have been employed to begin to probe structure-function rela­
tionships. Molecular modeling studies have been approached from two perspectives:
calculations involving only ligands (Ligand-Ligand Approach) or calculations of the interaction of a ligand with its receptor macromolecule (Ligand-Receptor Approach) [49]. The Ligand-Ligand Approach does not directly consider the structure of the ligand binding site, but attempts to infer information about this site from a correlation between experimentally determined biological activities and the structural and electronic features of a series of small molecules. Ligand-Ligand Approaches result in development of pharmacophore models. Although closer to the event of interest, the study of the binding of a ligand to its receptor is less common because it requires a working knowledge of the receptor structure [54]. Mutation/ chimera studies, as well as structure activity relationships can be used to test models developed in a Ligand-Receptor Approach. This review considers both Ligand-Ligand and Ligand-Receptor computational studies of the CB1 and CB2 receptors. Challenges for further modeling studies are also identified.
Cannabimimetic lndoles, Pyrroles and lndenes
Authors: Huffman J. W.
Published: April 2022

In the course of efforts to develop new nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, it was discovered that 1-aminoalkyl-3-aroylindoles have affinity for the cannabinoid brain (CB1 ) receptor. This led to the synthesis of well over 100 cannabimimetic aminoalkylindoles by the group at Sterling Winthrop, and to the development of structure-activity relationships
(SAR) for these compounds. These SAR require a heterocyclic aminoethyl group attached to
the indole nitrogen, and a 1-naphthoyl group at C-3 for significant receptor affinity. Other workers subsequently demonstrated that an aminoalkyl group was not necessary for cannabinoid activity, but that an N-alkyl group of four to six carbons was sufficient. This led to the discovery that 1-propyl-3-(1-naphthoyl)indole is a selective ligand for the peripheral cannabinoid (CB2) receptor, and to the development of a series of cannabimimetic pyrroles. Comprehensive SAR for this group of cannabinoids have been developed. Two groups have described cannabimimetic indenes, which have been employed as rigid models for the receptor interactions of cannabimimetic indoles with the CB1 receptor. There is some evidence that the indoles interact at a somewhat different site on the receptor than traditional cannabinoids.
Recent Progress of Bioactivities, Mechanisms of Action, Total Synthesis,
Structural Modifications and Structure-activity Relationships of Indole
Derivatives: A Review
Authors: Xu Hui , Li Tianze
Published: April 2022

Indole (2,3-benzopyrrole) containing a pyrrolyl ring possesses the characteristic of electron-
rich aromatic compounds. Indole occurs in the oil of jasmine and cloves and coal tar. Additionally,
it is also present as a putrefaction product from animals' intestines. Notably, indole and its derivatives
exhibit a wide range of biological properties, such as anti-Alzheimer’s disease, anti-cancer, antibacterial,
anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), anti-diabetic, antituberculosis,
anti-oxidant, anti-coronavirus, and antifungal activities. In this mini-review, recent advances
in biological activities, mechanisms of action, total synthesis, structural modifications, and
structure-activity relationships of indole and its derivatives from 2018 to 2020 are described. We hope
the present paper can pave the way for future design, development, and application of indole derivatives
as potent drugs.
Current Trends in Computational Chemistry for Breast Cancer
Authors: Paliwal Deepika , Gupta Utsav
Published: April 2022

Cancer is a condition in which body cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the
body or grow at a particular location. Depending on their location, cancer is named or categorized. Breast
cancer is the second most constantly determined and one of the prime reasons for cancer death among
females. Many external factors like carcinogenic agents and internal factors like genetic factors are responsible
for causing breast cancer in females. Additionally, the threat of breast cancer occurrences increases
with age and non-success in treatment. The current methods and treatments utilized in treating,
diagnosing and predicating breast cancer in the present world are not very advanced. Therefore, over
time, the desire to analyze the factors facilitating the succession of breast cancer, prediction, and reduction
in the time taken for diagnostics, treatment, and drug discovery for breast cancer has increased. However,
traditional methods make it hard to study prediction, diagnostics, treatment, and drug discovery for
breasts. Therefore, computational approaches like artificial intelligence, bioinformatics, quantitative
structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies, and molecular docking are used to analyze those things.
This article discusses current trends in computational chemistry in different fields.
Recent Approaches in the Synthesis of 5-Arylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione
Derivatives Using Knoevenagel Condensation
Authors: Maity Tapan Kumar , Paul Abhik , Maji Avik , Sarkar Arnab , Saha Sanjukta , Janah Pritha
Published: April 2022

5-Arylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione (5-A-TZD) is an emerging precursor molecule in medicinal
chemistry for discovering multifunctional therapeutic agents. For synthesizing this precursor
molecule, Knoevenagel Condensation (KC) is one of the most excellent tools in modern organic
chemistry. The 5-A-TZD framework has a variety of therapeutic functions such as antidiabetic, anticancer,
antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. As a result, several approaches and methods of KC
have been established for the synthesis of this multifunctional precursor. However, the use of highly
corrosive catalysts, prolonged reaction times, by-products formation, and poor product yields are the
main drawbacks in 5-A-TZDs synthesis via KC. Therefore, several authors have been successfully
established fast, effective, and environmentally sustainable protocols of KC using organic catalysts,
inorganic catalysts, heterogeneous solid catalysts, ionic liquids (ILs), and bio-catalysts to synthesize
5-A-TZD derivatives with high conversion yield and selectivity. In this review, we have summarized
the recent approaches for synthesizing 5-A-TZDs via KC and their therapeutic application as a precursor
molecule in medicinal chemistry.
Overview of the Large Bowel Assessment using Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Different Techniques for Current and Emerging Clinical Applications
Authors: Cicero Giuseppe , Ascenti Giorgio , Blandino Alfredo , Booz Christian , Vogl Thomas J. , Trimarchi Renato , D'Angelo Tommaso , Mazziotti Silvio
Published: April 2022

Radiological assessments of the small and large bowel are essential in daily clinical practice. Over X-ray plain films and ultrasound, cross-sectional techniques are considered the most comprehensive imaging modalities. "Cross-sectional techniques" refers to CT and MRI, as stated in the following sentence. In fact, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging take great advantage of the three-dimensional appraisal and the extensive evaluation of the abdominal cavity, allowing intestinal evaluation as well as detection of extra-intestinal findings. In this context, the chief advantage of computed tomography is the fast scan time, which is crucial for emergency cases. Nonetheless, it is undeniably impaired using ionizing radiation. As the awareness of radiation exposure is a topic of increasing importance, magnetic resonance imaging is not only becoming a mere alternative but also a primary imaging technique used in assessing intestinal diseases. Specifically, the evaluation of the large bowel through MRI can still be considered relatively uncharted territory. Although it has demonstrated superior accuracy in the assessment of some clinical entities from inflammatory bowel disease to rectal carcinoma, its role needs to be consolidated in many other conditions. Moreover, different technical methods can be applied for colonic evaluation depending on the specific disease and segment involved. This article aims to provide a thorough overview of the techniques that can be utilized in the evaluation of the large bowel and a discussion on the major findings in different colonic pathologies of primary interest.
The Effect of Association between Fat Mass and Obesity-associated Gene
Polymorphism (rs9939609) on the Body Composition of Older People: A
Systematic Review
Authors: Trevisano Rebeca Gonçalves , Gregnani Marcos Fernandes , de Azevedo Bruna Cestari , de Almeida Sandro Soares
Published: April 2022

Background:

The aging population is growing faster than any other age group worldwide.
Associated with aging, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is a potential risk factor for
the development and aggravation of numerous pathologies. A genetic factor often associated with
obesity is the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) (rs9939609) gene polymorphism, which has
been extensively investigated in children, young, and adults. However, few studies have been carried
out on the older population. This review aimed to verify the influence of the FTO (rs9939609)
gene polymorphism on the body composition of the older population.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on PubMed, Scielo, and LILACS
databases. Statistical analysis for meta-analysis was performed using mean values of Body Mass
Index (BMI) and standard deviations.

Results:

The results did not show significant differences between FTO genotypes and BMI values
(-0.32, 95% CI -0.45 to -0.19, I2 = 0%, p = 0.52). However, 59% of the studies identified some influence
on body composition, obesity, or comorbidities.

Conclusion:

Few publications verify FTO polymorphism effects on specific groups of the older
population, suggesting a reduction in the influence of this gene on the BMI with advancing age.
However, we believe that more controlled studies in older populations should be performed.
LTE Modulation and Coding Schemes for 6G Networks
Authors: Venkataramanan V. , Dehiya Ravleen Kaur , Vora Anshul , Shah Aman , Nafre Aishwarya , Prachi Gandhi
Published: April 2022

Background:

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the fourth generation (4G) mobile communication technology developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In comparison to previous generations of cellular systems, LTE incorporates several innovative technologies. These innovative technologies are used to increase spectrum efficiency and data speeds, as envisioned by designers

Methods:

This study provides a comprehensive investigation of orthogonal frequency division multiple access and Single carrier frequency division multiple access transmission model and investigate physical layer performance of LTE system using MATLAB – Simulink Environment.

Results:

By providing spectrum flexibility, the SC-FDMA-OFDMA 16 QAM with AWGN Channel Transmission model achieves a higher outcome and has a packet loss rate of 0%. The numerical evaluation is used to illustrate the trade-off between loss of capacity in the time and frequency domains.

Conclusion:

SC-FDMA has a lower multipath propagation rate and peak to average power ratio than OFDM; therefore, multipath must be eliminated to make it more efficient. The final section of this study contains a full description of the techniques required in simulating a simple communication model.
Exploring U.S. students’ takeaways from a cross-Pacific COIL project
Authors: Jiang Xuan
Published: April 2022

English imperialism has helped form the dominance of one-way communication from Native English Speakers (NESs) to English learners, resembled in the existing literature of international education and exchange education (i.e. study abroad programs). Such unbalanced foci in the ongoing scholarship of exchange programs, including Virtual Exchange (VE), do not equally represent the whole participating parties of collaboration and furthermore overlook the learning needs and achievements from NESs. Noticing such a gap in the scholarship, the author intended to explore what NESs and native speakers of more than English have taken away from a Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) project between a university in China and a Hispanic-Serving Institution in the U.S. Twenty-one U.S. students in a writing-as-processes course were asynchronously collaborated with 20 students in a reading-writing course in China over ten weeks. The COIL data of this case study was from U.S. students’ reflections on the peer review giving and given and their COIL reflections. The qualitative findings revealed that Peer Feedback (PF) via COIL broadened participants’ insight about contrastive rhetoric, English as pluralistic, and cross-cultural communication. The COIL project also offered multi-dimensional enrichment and promoted 21st century skills in general. The participants expected some form of continuous VE projects, similar to the current COIL project, in the subsequent semesters. Those findings implied practical considerations of how to further develop COIL – synchronous or/and asynchronous modes, multi-layered collaborations, individual and collective communication, and a balance among students’ autonomy, technology support, and instructors’ affordability of additional arrangements for details. The significance of the study lies in the fact that the findings would help mitigate and balance scholarly attention to students’ takeaways from both participating parties.
TREN ANGKA PUTUS SEKOLAH PADA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN (SMK) SELAMA 10 TAHUN KE DEPAN DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Hati Malisa Bunga
Published: April 2022

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1. Mengetahui tren angka putus sekolah jenjang SMK selama 10 tahun ke depan di DIY; 2. Mengetahui kebijakan dan program yang diupayakan pemerintah untuk mengurangi angka putus sekolah di DIY. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif dengan metode analisis data sekunder dan wawancara. Data sekunder berasal dari Dinas Pendidikan Pemuda dan Olahraga DIY. Analisis data menggunakan Analisis Tren dengan persamaan Ẏ = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥. Hasil penelitian adalah: 1. Tren APtS jenjang SMK selama 10 tahun ke depan di DIY pada anak laki-laki mengalami kecenderungan menurun dengan persentase mencapai 0,92% dan telah memenuhi Standar Pelayanan Minimal Bidang Pendidikan, sedangkan pada anak perempuan mengalami kecenderungan meningkat dengan persentase mencapai 2,12% dan belum mampu memenuhi Standar Pelayanan Minimal Bidang Pendidikan; dan 2. Kebijakan dan program untuk mengurangi APtS jenjang SMK di DIY yaitu kebijakan pembiayaan pendidikan melalui program BOS dan kebijakan serta program dengan inovasi di masing-masing daerah. Kata Kunci: Tren, Angka Putus Sekolah, Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, DIY. AbstractThis study aims to: 1. Determine the trend of vocational school dropout rates for the next 10 years in DIY; 2. Knowing the policies and programs being pursued by the government to reduce the number of dropouts in DIY. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach with secondary data analysis and interview methods. Secondary data came from the Department of Youth Education and Sports DIY. Data analysis uses Trend Analysis with the equation Ẏ = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥. The results of the study are: 1. The trend of APtS Vocational School for the next 10 years in DIY in boys has a downward trend with a percentage reaching 0,92% and has met the Minimum Service Standards in Education, while girls have a tendency to increase with a percentage reached 2,12% and have not been able to meet the Minimum Service Standards in Education; and 2. Policies and programs to reduce the APtS of SMK levels in DIY, namely the education financing policy through the BOS program and policies and programs with innovation in the region. Keywords: Trends, Dropout Rates, Vocational High Schools, DIY.
The Energy of Energy Psychology
Authors:   Independent Practice, Ashland, OR, United States, Feinstein David
Published: April 2022

The vague or controversial use of the term energy in the clinical subdiscipline known as “energy psychology” has been an obstacle to the field’s acceptance. This paper discusses five forms of energy and explores the role of each in energy psychology treatments. While patterns in (a) electrical signaling, (b) brain waves, and (c) electromagnetic fields are presumably shifted in any form of effective psychotherapy, a strength of energy psychology interventions is shown to be in their ability to initiate such effects in a deliberate and targeted manner. This paper examines the roles of these three well-established energy forms in explaining the rapid and durable outcomes seen with a wide range of conditions following energy psychology treatments. A fourth form of energy, “subtle energy,” is by definition too subtle for detection by conventional scientific instruments. These energies have, however, been recognized in at least 97 healing traditions around the world and are considered to be the infrastructure of the body’s physiological processes. Skepticism about subtle energies has, nonetheless, caused many critics to reject an energy psychology approach entirely, ignoring the substantial evidence base supporting it. Even more speculative are quantum influences that occur within energy psychology treatments, yet preliminary evidence for these dynamics, such as healing from a distance, has been accumulating. Although the more speculative mechanisms associated with energy psychology remain controversial, the measurable electromagnetic effects that have been shown to affect psychological states strongly support the use of the term “energy psychology.”
Enablers and Barriers to HIV Services for Gay and Bisexual Men in the COVID-19 Era: Fusing Data Sets from Two Global Online Surveys Via File Concatenation With Adjusted Weights
Authors: Ayala George , Arreola Sonya , Howell Sean , Hoffmann Thomas J , Santos Glenn-Milo
Published: April 2022

Background

Gay and bisexual men are 26 times more likely to acquire HIV than other adult men and represent nearly 1 in 4 new HIV infections worldwide. There is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic may be complicating efforts to prevent new HIV infections, reduce AIDS-related deaths, and expand access to HIV services. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gay and bisexual men’s ability to access services is not fully understood.

Objective

The aim of this study was to understand access to HIV services at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Our study used data collected from two independent global online surveys conducted with convenience samples of gay and bisexual men. Both data sets had common demographic measurements; however, only the COVID-19 Disparities Survey (n=13,562) collected the outcomes of interest (HIV services access at the height of the first COVID-19 wave) and only the Global Men’s Health and Rights Survey 4 (GMHR-4; n=6188) gathered pre-COVID-19 pandemic exposures/covariates of interest (social/structural enablers of and barriers to HIV services access). We used data fusion methods to combine these data sets utilizing overlapping demographic variables and assessed relationships between exposures and outcomes. We hypothesized that engagement with the gay community and comfort with one’s health care provider would be positively associated with HIV services access and negatively associated with poorer mental health and economic instability as the COVID-19 outbreaks took hold. Conversely, we hypothesized that sexual stigma and experiences of discrimination by a health care provider would be negatively associated with HIV services access and positively associated with poorer mental health and economic instability.

Results

With 19,643 observations after combining data sets, our study confirmed hypothesized associations between enablers of and barriers to HIV prevention, care, and treatment. For example, community engagement was positively associated with access to an HIV provider (regression coefficient=0.81, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.86; P<.001), while sexual stigma was negatively associated with access to HIV treatment (coefficient=–1.39, 95% CI –1.42 to –1.36; P<.001).

Conclusions

HIV services access for gay and bisexual men remained obstructed and perhaps became worse during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Community-led research that utilizes novel methodological approaches can be helpful in times of crisis to inform urgently needed tailored responses that can be delivered in real time. More research is needed to understand the full impact COVID-19 is having on gay and bisexual men worldwide.
Factors Affecting Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Men: Systematic Review
Authors: Shin Hyunjeong , Jeon Songi , Cho Inhae , Park HyunJi
Published: April 2022

Background

Despite the high risks associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), the HPV vaccination rate of men is far lower than women. Most previous review studies have focused on female vaccination and related affecting factors. However, previous studies have reported that the factors affecting HPV vaccination differ by gender.

Objective

The aim of this review was to identify the factors affecting HPV vaccine initiation in men through a systematic review approach.

Methods

A literature review was conducted across 3 central electronic databases for relevant articles. A total of 30 articles published between 2013 and 2019 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed in this study.

Results

In total, 50 factors affecting HPV vaccination in men were identified, including 13 sociodemographic factors and social structure factors, 12 belief-related variables, 4 family factors, 4 community factors, 14 variables related to needs, and 3 environmental factors.

Conclusions

To increase HPV vaccination rates in men, strategies targeting young males and their families should consider frequent visits to or contact with health care providers so that health care professionals can provide recommendations for HPV vaccination.
A Framework for Femtech: Guiding Principles for Developing Digital Reproductive Health Tools in the United States
Authors: Krishnamurti Tamar , Birru Talabi Mehret , Callegari Lisa S , Kazmerski Traci M , Borrero Sonya
Published: April 2022

The United States has abysmal reproductive health indices that, in part, reflect stark inequities experienced by people of color and those with preexisting medical conditions. The growth of “femtech,” or technology-based solutions to women’s health issues, in the public and private sectors is promising, yet these solutions are often geared toward health-literate, socioeconomically privileged, and/or relatively healthy white cis-women. In this viewpoint, we propose a set of guiding principles for building technologies that proactively identify and address these critical gaps in health care for people from socially and economically marginalized populations that are capable of pregnancy, as well as people with serious chronic medical conditions. These guiding principles require that such technologies: (1) include community stakeholders in the design, development, and deployment of the technology; (2) are grounded in person-centered frameworks; and (3) address health disparities as a strategy to advance health equity and improve health outcomes.
Proposal for Post Hoc Quality Control in Instrumented Motion Analysis Using Markerless Motion Capture: Development and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Röhling Hanna Marie , Althoff Patrik , Arsenova Radina , Drebinger Daniel , Gigengack Norman , Chorschew Anna , Kroneberg Daniel , Rönnefarth Maria , Ellermeyer Tobias , Rosenkranz Sina Cathérine , Heesen Christoph , Behnia Behnoush , Hirano Shigeki , Kuwabara Satoshi , Paul Friedemann , Brandt Alexander Ulrich , Schmitz-Hübsch Tanja
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Instrumented assessment of motor symptoms has emerged as a promising extension to the clinical assessment of several movement disorders. The use of mobile and inexpensive technologies such as some markerless motion capture technologies is especially promising for large-scale application but has not transitioned into clinical routine to date. A crucial step on this path is to implement standardized, clinically applicable tools that identify and control for quality concerns.

OBJECTIVE

The main goal of this study comprises the development of a systematic quality control (QC) procedure for data collected with markerless motion capture technology and its experimental implementation to identify specific quality concerns and thereby rate the usability of recordings.

METHODS

We developed a post hoc QC pipeline that was evaluated using a large set of short motor task recordings of healthy controls (2010 recordings from 162 subjects) and people with multiple sclerosis (2682 recordings from 187 subjects). For each of these recordings, 2 raters independently applied the pipeline. They provided overall usability decisions and identified technical and performance-related quality concerns, which yielded respective proportions of their occurrence as a main result.

RESULTS

The approach developed here has proven user-friendly and applicable on a large scale. Raters’ decisions on recording usability were concordant in 71.5%-92.3% of cases, depending on the motor task. Furthermore, 39.6%-85.1% of recordings were concordantly rated as being of satisfactory quality whereas in 5.0%-26.3%, both raters agreed to discard the recording.

CONCLUSIONS

We present a QC pipeline that seems feasible and useful for instant quality screening in the clinical setting. Results confirm the need of QC despite using standard test setups, testing protocols, and operator training for the employed system and by extension, for other task-based motor assessment technologies. Results of the QC process can be used to clean existing data sets, optimize quality assurance measures, as well as foster the development of automated QC approaches and therefore improve the overall reliability of kinematic data sets.
Assessing Social Media Data as a Resource for Firearm Research: A Test Using Firearm Deaths (Preprint)
Authors: Singh Lisa , Gresenz Carole Roan
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Historic constraints on research dollars and reliable information to support firearms research have limited scientific evidence on effective gun policy. At the same time, interest in the power and potential of social media analytics, particularly in health contexts, has surged.

OBJECTIVE

To contribute towards the goal of establishing a foundation for how social media data may best be used to improve the information base for firearm research.

METHODS

We examine the value of social media data for estimating a firearm outcome for which robust benchmark data exist—specifically, firearm mortality, which is captured in the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). We hand-curate tweet data from the Twitter Application Program Interface (API) spanning 2017-2018. We develop machine learning classifiers to identify tweets that pertain to firearm deaths and develop estimates of the volume of Twitter firearm discussion by month. We compare within-state variation over time in the volume of tweets pertaining to firearm deaths to within-state trends in NVSS-based estimates of firearm fatalities using Pearson’s linear correlations.

RESULTS

The correlation between the monthly number of firearm fatalities measured by NVSS and the monthly volume of firearm death tweets was weak (median=+0.081) and highly dispersed across states, with a range from -0.31 to +0.535. The median correlation between month-to-month changes in firearm fatalities in NVSS versus discussed in tweets was moderate (median= +0.30) and exhibited less dispersion among states (range=-0.06 to +0.69).

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings suggest that Twitter data may hold value for tracking dynamics in gun-related outcomes in certain locations. This is likely to be especially important for historically less well-measured outcomes, such as firearm injuries, for which data constraints have been particularly binding. This research provides an important building block for future work that continues to develop the usefulness of social media data, alone or in conjunction with other data resources, to strengthen the information base on which firearm research relies.
Bistability and Switching Behavior in Moving Animal Groups
Authors:   Lafayette College, Strömbom Daniel Strömbom , Nickerson Stephanie ,   Lafayette College, Futterman Catherine ,   Lafayette College, DiFazio Alyssa ,   Lafayette College, Costello Cameron ,   Lafayette College, Tunstrøm Kolbjørn ,   Chalmers University of Technology
Published: April 2022

Moving animal groups such as schools of fish and flocks of birds frequently switch between different group structures. Standard models of collective motion have been used successfully to explain how stable groups form via local interactions between individuals, but they are typically unable to produce groups that exhibit spontaneous switching. We are only aware of one model, constructed for barred flagtail fish that are known to rely on alignment and attraction to organize their collective motion, that has been shown to generate this type of behavior in 2D (or 3D). Interestingly, another species of fish, golden shiners, do exhibit switching but have been shown to use attraction and repulsion, not alignment, to coordinate themselves in schools. Suggesting that switching may be explained by attraction and repulsion alone, without an alignment interaction. Here we introduce a model based on attraction and repulsion only and show that groups exhibiting switching similar to that observed in experiments with golden shiners emerges. We also establish that switching occur in two boundary-free extensions of the model. Our work suggests that the bistability and switching behavior observed in golden shiners and other moving animal groups may be explained via attractive and repulsive interactions alone.
Revista Estudios de Historia de las Instituciones políticas y sociales: la última querella de Jaime Eyzaguirre contra Hernán Ramírez Necochea
Authors: González Inostroza Mario Andrés
Published: April 2022

En el siguiente artículo se aborda la última revista que dirigió Jaime Eyzaguirre, Estudios de Historia de las Instituciones Políticas y Sociales (1966-1967), de la Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales de la Universidad de Chile. Se sostiene que los temas que predominaron en la publicación, sobre la Guerra Civil de 1891, estaban dirigidos, indirectamente, a cuestionar las tesis sostenidas por el historiador Hernán Ramírez Necochea, marcando un giro en las preocupaciones de Eyzaguirre, puesto que con anterioridad había impulsado a sus discípulos a indagar en la historia del Reino de Chile. Esta nueva querella historiográfica, inscrita en una lucha por los imaginarios sociales, buscaba neutralizar la imagen progresista que la historiografía de izquierdas hacía del presidente José Manuel Balmaceda.
Noches de fiesta africana: el cine de rumberas y el miedo a la religiosidad negra
Authors: Hernández Medina Rodrigo Daniel
Published: April 2022

Este artículo analiza cómo el cine de rumberas contribuyó al surgimiento de narrativas del miedo en torno a la religiosidad negra latinoamericana. Desde sus inicios, a finales de la década de 1930, este género cinematográfico registró en su estética e historias distintas manifestaciones religiosas, formales y festivas, retratándolas como parte del estado primitivo e inmoral de la población negra. Esto se articularía con los temores existentes en torno a las grandes urbes, la violencia y los legados coloniales de los países latinoamericanos, lo cual generó productos culturales donde se percibe un miedo latente. El artículo presenta un breve análisis de estos procesos principalmente en algunos filmes protagonizados por Ninón Sevilla en la década de 1950.
Los viajeros frente a la porcofilia mexicana: algunas impresiones sobre Jalisco durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX
Authors: Isais Contreras Miguel Ángel
Published: April 2022

El presente texto analiza algunas memorias de viajeros que, luego de haber pasado por el estado de Jalisco, comunicaron sus impresiones sobre las costumbres, los paisajes y la cultura de la población que les tocó observar. Suele suceder que no es sino a través de ellos que se puede reconocer una representación muy particular de la sociedad rural jalisciense, incluso manifestarse aspectos que sólo desde una historia cultural es posible construir, como fue la relación de la sociedad con su entorno y los animales, en particular con el cerdo. A mediados del siglo xix la población rural de Jalisco encontró en el cerdo no sólo una proteína para su consumo, sino además un objeto útil para la subsistencia y la vida cotidiana. A los viajeros que aquí se revisan les llamó la atención ese aspecto, pues para ellos el cerdo era de las bestias más aborrecidas.
Design and CFD Application Value Series from Raw Natural Gas Processing to Automated Utilization Need
Authors: Johnson Engr. Nnadikwe , Hilary Ikputu Woyengikuro , E Okiki Esther , Obinna Ibe Raymond
Published: April 2022

Abstract: Fluid flow systems are common in the energy value chain and are typically complex. To assure the system's performance, understanding and control are essential. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a one-of-a-kind tool that predicts fluid flow events using numerical methods. It allows you to study fluid flow patterns and access non-measurable variables. Because of the rapid advancement of computer science, CFD can currently be used to handle the bulk of industrial operations that require fluid flows. The application's scope is extensive, and the problems it can solve are diverse, spanning from process design validation and optimization to operating condition management and troubleshooting. A few experiments done by Imo State University Petroleum and Gas Lab on upstream natural gas treatment systems to downstream industrial end-use for combined heat and power plants and petrochemical furnaces will demonstrate the application of CFD in troubleshooting. Keywords: CFD, Utilization, Automated, Natural Gas