bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing PV-TEG performance and water cooling on TEG with serial different configurations
Authors: Rahman Y A , Masarrang M , Sau K M T , Iskandar  , Basri  , Mustofa
Published: July 2024

Palu, which is crossed by the equator, gets enough sunlight intensity to be used as a renewable energy source for generating electricity. This paper is an investigative study on the performance of a 50 Wp solar panel (PV) combined with a thermoelectric generator (TEG) module as a heat sink and electric energy generator. The SP1848-27145 SA TEG module is placed on the lower surface of the PV and covered with aluminium sheets between the PV and the TEG. The cold side of the TEG module is provided with circulating water cooling to maintain the temperature on the cold side of the TEG. There are 5 TEG modules arranged in series with 2 different configuration variations between the PV and the aluminium plate. One PV panel was left without a TEG module during testing to compare the results with adding a TEG module to 2 PV panels. In total, there were 3 PV panels and 10 TEG modules which were tested simultaneously for 3 days on the Tadulako University campus. All voltage, PV-TEG current parameters, and solar intensity are recorded using standard measuring instruments. As a result, the temperature of the upper surface of the PV is below a safe 60 °C, while the temperature on the lower surface of the PV which is also the temperature of the hot side of the TEG decreases significantly compared to that without using TEG. The TEG rectangle configuration generates 26% greater output power compared to the square one. An output voltage stabilizer is needed on the PV to get better power and modification of the TEG stack model in further studies.
Development of smart Indonesian horticultural farmers learning prototype application “b-horti”
Authors: Ngatindriatun  , Tjhin V U , Alfarizi M , Hanum R K , Firmansyah A A
Published: July 2024

Horticulture is one of Indonesia’s leading agricultural sub-sectors that can be developed by the community in all situations, including narrow land. However, the horticultural sector still needs to be discovered in its incredible potential due to constraints on competency development channels. This study aims to increase the empowerment and competence of farmers by optimizing the development of technology and network information systems related to the cultivation of horticultural crops at the farmer level—research and development methods used for this study which divided into several stages. Data collection was carried out in the first stage to analyze the needs of horticultural farmers so that the application design could meet the needs of farmers. Design planning implemented in the second stage produces use case diagrams, activity diagrams, and user interface designs that describe the interface, operation flow, and application usage. The B-Horti application is designed with excellent features, including EduTan, Jejaring B-Horti, PasarHorti, etc. Evaluation of the application prototype design is carried out at the last stage to find out and review the compatibility of the application prototype with user needs and multimedia characteristics from the analysis results. The prototype was evaluated by multimedia experts, agriculture academics, and horticultural farmers around the researcher with seven question indicators. The results of the prototype design evaluation show the urgency of developing further stages of this application with consideration of the needs and valuable life of the application.
Synbiotic inclusion effects on the quail’s (Coturnix coturnix japonica) performance and digestive tract development
Authors: Rusdi R , Hasanuddin A , Mulyati M , Fatmawati F , Sarjuni S
Published: July 2024

A 100 female a day-old-quail (DOQ) were placed in a Completely Randomized Design, five treatments and four replicates in five birds and kept for six weeks. The basal diet consisted of maize, rice bran, soy bean meal, fish meal, cooking oil, minerals mixture and amino acid, which were mixed in such a way to achieve 22% protein. Treatments are basal diet only (T1) as a negative control, basal diet + 100 ppm COS + Lactobacillus spp 106 CFU/kg (T2), basal diet + 100 ppm COS + Lactobacillus spp 107 CFU/kg (T3), basal diet + 200 ppm COS + Lactobacillus spp 106 CFU/kg (T4), and basal diet + 200 ppm COS + Lactobacillus spp 107 CFU/kg (T5). The birds had free access to their diets and drinking water. The weight and feed intake of the birds were recorded weekly. The variables were feed intake (FI), bodyweight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and organ digestive weight. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and comparison tests using the Duncan test. The results revealed that the addition of synbiotics to the diet significantly improved BWG, FCR, gizzard, small intestine, and two caeca, while FI was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Other parameters were not different between treatments (P>0.05). Therefore, it could be concluded that the inclusion of synbiotics in the diet improved quail performance by improving the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio, boosting the development of the gizzard, small intestine and two caeca.
Scheduling The Construction of Low-Income Community Houses in Palu City Using the Probabilistic Duration Method
Authors: Setiawan A , Fadjar A , Labombang M
Published: July 2024

Residential construction projects can have many risks and uncertainties that can affect their completion time. To ensure a residential construction project is completed on time, accurate duration estimates are required for each activity. The deterministic duration Critical Path Method (CPM) is extensively used in construction project scheduling. However, this method may not always yield a realistic schedule as it uses only one duration estimation for each activity. As an alternative, this study uses the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) which utilizes three duration estimates, and the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) which simulates the duration 5000 times. A house construction project with 24 activities was analyzed using CPM which yielded 63 days completion time. The project was then analyzed using PERT and MCS. PERT and MCS calculations found that to complete the project with a 95% level of confidence the project needed 70 and 79 days, respectively. The findings of this study indicate that PERT and MCS can assist project managers in creating a more realistic project schedule by considering the risks and uncertainties inherent in a construction project.
Reducing TSS in hospital waste with adsorbents from corn peel
Authors: Walanda R M , Nurmayanti Y , Napitupulu N D
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine whether biochar made from corn peels (BCP) might be used as an adsorbent to lower hospital waste water’s total suspended solids (TSS). The outcomes of the experiments showed how well BCP worked to address the crucial issue of wastewater treatment. Hospital wastewater samples had much lower TSS levels when BCP was added; TSS reduction increased with biochar content. The best conditions for the adsorption process were identified, and a certain range of biochar concentration was shown to be excellent. Longer biochar-waste water contact times improved TSS removal even further. The significance of biochar as an adsorbent was highlighted by comparison with control groups, as the latter showed negligible alterations in TSS levels. The results demonstrate how BCP when combined with a 1.5-gram adsorbent and a 24-hour contact duration, can reduce TSS in hospital wastewater by up to 87.5% sustainably and economically. The study also highlights the need for more investigation and optimization to enhance the material’s effectiveness in a range of wastewater treatment scenarios.
Traits of farming practice affecting vascular streak dieback disease on cacao in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Edy N , Hamid S , Lakani I , Anshary A , Balosi F , Zulfadli
Published: July 2024

Vascular streak dieback (VSD) caused by the basidiomycete Ceratobasidium theobromae is one of the most important cocoa diseases in Central Sulawesi, causing branch dieback with an infection can kill seedlings and mature trees on susceptible cocoa varieties. This objective of this study is to examine the disease incidence of VSD in cacao in the field, determine the factors that influence the disease, and distinguish the characteristics of cocoa stomata from healthy plants and those infected with C. theobromae. All environmental variables tested were rainfall, wind speed, temperature, elevation, fertilizer; insecticide, herbicide, and fungicide applied; pruning, age of cacao trees, number of trees per plot (population); agricultural farming systems (monoculture or polyculture) sanitation of the plantation, number of stomata, diameter stomata, stomatal density. This study was carried out at the cacao plantations in center of cocoa plantation in Central Sulawesi districts by using generalized linear models. The study showed that C. theobromae infected all of the plantations on the study sites selected. Off all variable tested, fungicide, sanitation, number of stomata and the density of stomata were the significantly influence the disease incidence of VSD in cocoa plantation.
Work environment relations, training models, self-concept, leadership with construction worker performance in Palu city
Authors: Nirmalawati  , Tutang M , Dean
Published: July 2024

The performance of the construction workforce in Palu city must be considered in construction activities. The results of preliminary studies show that the results of construction work are still not satisfactory. One of the factors is workforce performance. This performance is influenced by various factors, therefore the study was conducted to determine how much influence environmental factors, training methods, self-concept and leadership have on the performance of construction workers in Palu city. This type of research is descriptive, distributing questionnaires to foremen or supervisors in the field of 46 respondents. Data analysis used multiple linear regression methods. The results of the study simultaneously show that the variables work environment, training model, self-concept and leadership have a significant effect on construction worker performance (Y), with the regression equation Y = 1.468 + 0.254X1 + 0.193X2 + 0.185X3 + 0.261X4. The results of the study will provide input for executors of construction work in Palu City so that they can improve the performance of construction workers by taking into account Work Environment Factors (X1) Training Model (X2, Self-Concept (X3) and Leadership (X4).
Distribution of nitrate (NO3−) and posphate (PO43-) in water, sediment and seaweed of Morowali distric marine waters
Authors: Ya’la Z R , Ndobe S , Rosyida E , Mappatoba M , Maemunah  , Dewi T , Husni A , Santoso T J
Published: July 2024

The seaweed market opportunity is very promising, this condition is in line with the national plan which positions Indonesia as the largest seaweed producer in the world. Seaweed production in Central Sulawesi, especially in Morowali district, has continued to decline since 2012-2021. The aim of the research was to examine the distribution of nitrates and phosphates in sea water, sediment and seaweed at seaweed cultivation sites around mining sites in Morowali District which is suspected to be the cause of this situation. Observation stations include South Bungku Waters, Bahodopi Waters, Witaponda Waters and Bumi Raya Waters. The results showed different nitrate and phosphate contents in sea water, sediment and seaweed. The nitrate content in waters throughout Morowali district ranged from 0.071 to 0.202 ppm, and phosphate from 0.001 to 0.013 ppm. The nitrate content in the sediment was in the range of 2.67-8.15 ppm and phosphate was in the range of 0.001-3.03 ppm. Meanwhile, the nitrate and phosphate content in seaweed was from 20.36 to 40.68 ppm and 1.39 to 8.37 ppm respectively. The data showed that the highest nitrate and phosphate content was in seaweed tallus, followed by sediment and the lowest nitrate and phosphate content in sea water. This indicates that the nitrate content of seawater, sediment and seaweed has exceeded the tolerance threshold for seaweed growth. However, the phosphate content in seawater was still relatively low, while in sediment and seaweed tallus has exceeded the threshold.
Effect of the length of the weir wall sections on hydraulic characteristics of labyrinth weir
Authors: Tanga A , Ishak M G , Oktavia S R , Arafat Y
Published: July 2024

A labyrinth spillway is a weir to increase the length of the weir wall within a fixed width, by the zig-zag plan shape. The weir wall of the labyrinth spillway consists of upstream, downstream, and sidewall. To increase the performance, it is good to modifications of the length of the weir wall of the spillway. In this regard, several studies have been published, however, the effect of changing the length of the weir wall section has not been addressed. To fill this gap, this study aims to compare the hydraulic characteristics of flow over 4 physical models of labyrinth spillway by variation of the length of the weir wall section (e.g. A = 0, 150, 250, and 300 mm downstream wall) with the same total length of the spillway i.e. 870 mm length. By extending the length of the upstream, the downstream will extend too, and the sidewall will shorten. The results of this study indicated that increasing the length of the upstream and downstream walls leads to a reduction in the discharge coefficient (Cd
). For A = 0 mm, Cd
max = 0.87; A = 150 mm, Cd
max = 0.77; A = 250 mm, Cd
max = 0.64; A = 300 mm, Cd
max = 0.45. Thus, it can be concluded that a shorter length of upstream and downstream walls was more efficient hydraulically compared to the others.
The effect of rain intensity and soil saturation levels on slope stability in Kebun Kopi area KM 49+635
Authors: Ramadhani S , Martini  , Oktaviana D A
Published: July 2024

The Taweli-Toboli road section connects several districts in Central Sulawesi. However, every rainy season this area is the most frequently affected by landslides. The study was to determine soil characteristics in Kebun Kopi area of KM 49+635 and the effect of rain intensity and soil saturation level on slope stability. This research began with survey and sampling. Samples taken in the form of disturbed and undisturbed samples then tested for physical and mechanical soil properties. Data analysis was conducted using the finite element method with the help of Plaxis 2D. The analysis results to be known are the safety factor value, displacement, and soil pore water pressure. The variation of simulated rainfall intensity values is for 2 and 5 year rainfall plans. The results indicated the KM 49+635 slope characteristics generally consist of SP and SM groups. The analysis results of rainfall plan for 2-year return period with rainfall intensity of 11,314 mm/hour, 20,639 mm/hour and 36,911 mm/hour and at the 5-year return period with rainfall intensity of 14,648 mm/hour, 26,258 mm/hour and 41,681 mm/hour obtained rainfall intensity that has most potential to cause landslides is rain with high intensity of 41,681 mm/hour. The change of saturation level will also occur faster in rain with higher intensity.
Effects of climate change on dry-wet and its driving factors in the Palu watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Sutapa I W , Arafat Y , Rustiati N B
Published: July 2024

Assessing dry-wet climate change is very important in the context of global climate change to ensure regional water resources, stabilize ecosystems, and develop socio-economic development. This study aims to investigate the temporal variations in aridity index (AI), precipitation (P), reference evapotranspiration (ET0), and the underlying driving climatic factors. The methodology used includes the aridity index (AI), trend analysis, sensitivity, and contributors. Daily temperature and rainfall data were collected from 5 meteorological stations in the Palu Watershed (Bora, Kalawara, Kulawi, Palolo, Wuasa) from 2002 - 2022. The results show that 84.58% of the Palu watershed experienced wetting while only 15.42% experienced drought during the last two decades. AI changes are mainly determined by changes in the ET0 trend. During observations (2002-2021), ET0 experienced a significant decrease at a rate of 4.08mm/day. The trend of ET0 is negatively affected by a decrease in wind speed and duration of sunlight and is positively affected by a decrease in relative humidity and an increase in air temperature. Air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) contribute to increasing ET0 while wind speed (V) and sunshine duration (S) contribute to decreasing ET0.
Simulation Model of Lembasada Coastline Changes in Supporting Post Tsunami 2018 Tourism Beaches
Authors: Amar  , Rusdin A. , Setiyawan  , Arifin Syamsul , Chintia Geby , Setiaji Wahyu
Published: July 2024

This research aims to determine the coastal changes that occurred on Lembasada beach during the 25 years after the construction of beach protection and filling of beach sand and to determine the extent of abrasion that occurred and to obtain alternative abrasion management at the research location in Supporting Post-Tsunami Tourism Beaches 2018. This research uses the method overlapping (Overlay) Landsat satellite images for 2012 and 2022 on ArcGIS software as well as predictions of shoreline changes for 2030 using the Generalized Model for Simulating Shoreline Change (GENESIS) software. The results of forecasting changes in coastlines at the entire study location for 25 years show that there is erosion and accretion with the rate of change in erosion ranging from 1 to 2 meters per year. Analysis carried out in Lembasada Village shows that there are changes that are classified as moderate to large, there is no protection on the south side or beach protection on the north side which has been secured with a breakwater. The results showed that the area of abrasion on Lembasada Beach was 2,071.71 m², based on simulation results, the breakwater building is the right beach building to overcome the problem of abrasion at the research location.
Navigation channel evaluation at Donggala fish landing base in Central Sulawesi
Authors: Rusdin A , Saparuddin  , Yunar A , Rachmat A M A , Jugi P R
Published: July 2024

Navigation channel are used to direct ships that will enter the harbour pool. Navigation channel are influenced by depth, the presence of corals, high waves when the water level starts to rise, and wind speed. This study aims to determine whether or not there has been a change in the depth of the seabed before and after the 2018 tsunami, determine the safe depth of post-tsunami 2018 shipping lanes to minimize ships running aground or hitting rocks and can damage ships and underwater ecosystems, and evaluate the 2018 post-tsunami navigation channel. as a consideration for changing or maintaining the current navigation channel at the Donggala Fish Landing Base (FLB). The inputs required are wind data processed using the Weibull Method, 15-day tides using the Admiralty Method, seabed depth mapped using the ArcGis 10 application and to obtain 3D projections using the Surfer application, as well as the draft of ships operating at Donggala FLB. From the UA values obtained from 2009-2018 and the fetch data at the research location, significant wave height values and maximum significant wave periods were obtained in 2017 northward with Hs = 0.98 m and Ts = 4.74 seconds. From the results of tidal calculations using the Admiralty Method HHWL of 346.833 cm, MHWL of 274.178 cm, MSL of 120.945 cm, MLWL of -32.285 cm, and LLWL of -104.943 cm, it can be concluded that the type of tide that occurs is mixed tide prevailing semi-diurnal because Fromzahl’s value is 0.508. From the results of visual observations of the pre- and post-tsunami bathymetry maps, it can be seen that landslides occurred from the north and siltation and sedimentation in the south with a minimum depth range of -1.88 m to -4.49 m and a maximum depth of about -30.57 m to -33.18 m. So that recommendations for shipping routes take into account wind and waves, tides, seabed depth and the biggest ship draft at Donggala FLB, namely 1.50 m with a weight of 30 GT totaling 47 pieces. There is another alternative if still want to use the current navigation channel, namely by dredging sand in the southern part of the pier with a depth range of -1.88 m to -4.49 m.
Post natural disaster object recognition system using python-based scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) algorithm
Authors: Zakaria A , Fauzan M F , Wahidin S A N , Adam A A , Mukhlis B
Published: July 2024

The natural disaster in Palu became a significant challenge in identifying damaged building objects. The large number of damaged buildings made it difficult for the government to identify the level of damage to buildings and the feasibility of the construction process after natural disasters. This research is an object recognition system after natural disasters using the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm implemented in Python programming language. This research aims to assist the government or National Search and Rescue Agency team in identifying the level of damage to buildings after natural disasters. The methods used in this research include literature study, image capture, processing, testing, and data analysis. The SIFT algorithm was selected to see the accuracy of comparisons of images of buildings before and after natural disasters. The test results show that the SIFT method can identify the average accuracy level of damage to buildings before and after natural disasters, reaching 98.24%.
Ecological framework: awareness transformation towards sustainable health in climate change
Authors: Napitupulu N D , Walanda R M
Published: July 2024

This research proposes an innovation in looking at the relationship between environmental awareness and health awareness in the midst of climate change. With a qualitative approach, we conducted a survey using a Likert scale questionnaire to evaluate the level of environmental awareness and health awareness among randomly selected respondents from various backgrounds. The results of the study show that there is a strong relationship between environmental awareness (EA) and health consciousness (HC). These findings indicate that individuals with higher levels of environmental awareness tend to have a deeper health awareness, perhaps due to an understanding of the impacts of climate change on human well-being. In conclusion, this research confirms that developing environmental awareness can be a gateway to strengthening health consciousness amidst climate change. To face the challenges of climate change, an integrated approach is needed, which combines knowledge of the environment with an understanding of the health implications. Suggestions for further research are to explore the role of education and social campaigns in building and maintaining eco-sustainability awareness. Further research could also involve in-depth analysis of the daily practices adopted by eco-conscious individuals, as well as how these practices contribute to overall personal and environmental health.
The effect of asphalt heating temperature on stability marshall asphalt concrete mixture added pet plastic waste
Authors: Arifin S , Bahar T , Setiawan A , Mashuri  , Nurhaliza G
Published: July 2024

In an effort to prevent the spread of damage and increase the ability of road construction to carry loads, many efforts have been made by related parties to utilize plastic waste as an additive to road construction materials. Several tests that have been carried out by researchers indicate that there is a tendency to increase the marshall stability value of asphalt mixtures after adding PET powder to the asphalt material. Asphalt is a black to dark brown solid or semi-solid material which in road pavement engineering functions as an adhesive for the aggregate fraction. Viscosity is the basic physical property of asphalt which influences the process of making asphalt mixtures. This research was conducted at the Transportation and Road Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Tadulako University. The content of PET plastic used was 0.00%, 0.75% and 1.00% by weight of asphalt at varying asphalt heating temperatures of 180°C, 185°C and 190°C. Determination of Optimum Asphalt Content (OAC) of AC-WC asphalt mixtures using the Method Marshall. This study aims to determine the effect of adding PET plastic waste to asphalt binder and on stability values marshall as well as the influence of asphalt heating temperature variations on stability values marshall asphalt mixture. From the research results, it is known that the addition of 0.75% and 1.00% PET resulted in a lower penetration and ductility value. This happens because the asphalt becomes harder and more brittle as evidenced by the increase in the softening point of asphalt and several other properties of asphalt which become greater. It can also be seen that the stability value of asphalt mixture increases with increasing PET content in asphalt. The highest stability of the mixture at each content of PET 0.00%, 0.75% and 1.00%, namely 1676.13 kg, 1798.72 kg and 1981.28 kg occurred at 190°C.
Design of a low power consumption wireless sensor network for structural monitoring of bridges
Authors: Pineda Jhanes , Torres Renato , Torres Hernán
Published: July 2024

This research focuses on designing a wireless sensor network (WSN) using LoRa for monitoring the structural condition of bridges, covering the measurement of variables such as temperature, humidity, vibration and wind speed using sensors such as DHT22, ADXL345 and anemometers. These data are transmitted via LoRa radio access technology to The Things Network (TTN) web platform for processing and storage in the cloud, and then integrated with the Ubidots platform for real-time visualization and analysis. This approach strengthens the field of structural monitoring, laying the groundwork for future applications in the safety of bridges and similar structures.
Analysis of thermal comfort in traditional architecture, focused on digital simulations
Authors: Bustán-Gaona Darío , Jiménez-Sánchez Yomara , Paredes Luis J. , Caiza Jaime
Published: July 2024

Traditional Ecuadorian architecture refers to structures whose technical and visual characteristics date from pre-Columbian times to the mid-20th century. However, such architectural interventions can still be found in the Andean region, mainly in remote villages away from urban centers. Among the architectural features, ancestral knowledge passed down through generations and a construction system based on mud, wattle and daub, adobe, and other materials. The analysis aims to develop thermoenergetic simulations to identify the thermal comfort of buildings in Pilahuin Parish Center (Ambato, Ecuador). The methodology is based on a qualitative and quantitative approach, and using non-probabilistic random sampling, the following main variables were analyzed: geographic orientation, type of layout, building height, materiality, and number of floors. After surveying and architectural drawing of the buildings, 3D models were developed using Autodesk REVIT software. Consequently, digital three-dimensional architectural models were imported into Design Builder software. This process generated a diagnosis of the current state of the buildings in terms of habitability, based on interior thermal comfort. The results showed an average indoor air temperature of 18.77°C and an average relative humidity of 50.76%. With this data, strategies were developed to improve habitability based on Olgyay’s theory of architecture and climate. The resulting data, also obtained in Design Builder, allowed for a proposal to achieve the average indoor air temperature and relative humidity within the optimal ranges of Olgyay’s theory and the Ecuadorian Construction Standard. Therefore, by making certain material changes while respecting their heritage value, thermal discomfort levels were improved by 27.67% compared to the analyzed interior temperature, thereby enhancing the quality of life for the inhabitants.
Microbial artists: the role of parasite microbiomes in explaining colour polymorphism among amphipods and potential link to host manipulation
Authors: Koellsch Célia , Poulin Robert , Salloum Priscila M
Published: July 2024

Parasite infections are increasingly reported to change the microbiome of the parasitized hosts, while parasites bring their own microbes to what can be a multi-dimensional interaction. For instance, a recent hypothesis suggests that the microbial communities harboured by parasites may play a role in the well-documented ability of many parasites to manipulate host phenotype, and explain why the degree to which host phenotype is altered varies among conspecific parasites. Here, we explored whether the microbiomes of both hosts and parasites are associated with variation in host manipulation by parasites. Using colour quantification methods applied to digital images, we investigated colour variation among uninfected Transorchestia serrulata amphipods, as well as amphipods infected with Plagiorhynchus allisonae acanthocephalans and with a dilepidid cestode. We then characterized the bacteriota of amphipod hosts and of their parasites, looking for correlations between host phenotype and the bacterial taxa associated with hosts and parasites. We found large variation in amphipod colours, and weak support for a direct impact of parasites on the colour of their hosts. Conversely, and most interestingly, the parasite’s bacteriota was more strongly correlated with colour variation among their amphipod hosts, with potential impact of amphipod-associated bacteria as well. Some bacterial taxa found associated with amphipods and parasites may have the ability to synthesize pigments, and we propose they may interact with colour determination in the amphipods. This study provides correlational support for an association between the parasite’s microbiome and the evolution of host manipulation by parasites and host–parasite interactions more generally.
15‐epi‐lipoxin A5 promotes neutrophil exit from exudates for clearance by splenic macrophages
Authors: Peh Hong Yong , Nshimiyimana Robert , Brüggemann Thayse R. , Duvall Melody G. , Nijmeh Julie , Serhan Charles N. , Levy Bruce D.
Published: July 2024

Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) promote local macrophage efferocytosis but excess leukocytes early in inflammation require additional leukocyte clearance mechanism for resolution. Here, neutrophil clearance mechanisms from localized acute inflammation were investigated in mouse dorsal air pouches. 15‐HEPE (15‐hydroxy‐5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z‐eicosapentaenoic acid) levels were increased in the exudates. Activated human neutrophils converted 15‐HEPE to lipoxin A5 (5S,6R,15S‐trihydroxy‐7E,9E,11Z,13E,17Z‐eicosapentaenoic acid), 15‐epi‐lipoxin A5 (5S,6R,15R‐trihydroxy‐7E,9E,11Z,13E,17Z‐eicosapentaenoic acid), and resolvin E4 (RvE4; 5S,15S‐dihydroxy‐6E,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z‐eicosapentaenoic acid). Exogenous 15‐epi‐lipoxin A5, 15‐epi‐lipoxin A4 and a structural lipoxin mimetic significantly decreased exudate neutrophils and increased local tissue macrophage efferocytosis, with comparison to naproxen. 15‐epi‐lipoxin A5 also cleared exudate neutrophils faster than the apparent local capacity for stimulated macrophage efferocytosis, so the fate of exudate neutrophils was tracked with CD45.1 variant neutrophils. 15‐epi‐lipoxin A5 augmented the exit of adoptively transferred neutrophils from the pouch exudate to the spleen, and significantly increased splenic SIRPa+ and MARCO+ macrophage efferocytosis. Together, these findings demonstrate new systemic resolution mechanisms for 15‐epi‐lipoxin A5 and RvE4 in localized tissue inflammation, which distally engage the spleen to activate macrophage efferocytosis for the clearance of tissue exudate neutrophils.
Duration of Induction of Labor for Second-Trimester Medication Abortion and Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Premkumar Ashish , Manthena Vanya , Wascher Jocelyn , Wanyonyi Eryn K. , Johnson Camille , Vuppaladhadiam Lahari , Chor Julie , Plunkett Beth A. , Ryan Isa , Mbah Olivert , Lee Jungeun , Barker Emily , Laursen Laura , McCloskey Leanne R. , York Sloane L.
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the relationship between duration of labor during second-trimester medication abortion and adverse outcomes.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all individuals with a singleton gestation undergoing second-trimester medication abortion without evidence of advanced cervical dilation, rupture of membranes, or preterm labor at four centers. The primary exposure was duration of labor (ie, hours spent from receiving misoprostol to fetal expulsion). The primary outcome was composite morbidity, defined as uterine rupture, need for blood transfusion, clinical chorioamnionitis, intensive care unit admission, or need for readmission. We performed bivariate and multivariate negative binomial analyses. A post hoc subgroup analysis was performed to assess for the risk of the primary outcome by gestational age. We performed tests of homogeneity based on history of uterine scarring and parity.

RESULTS:

Six hundred eighty-one individuals were included. The median duration of labor was 11 hours (interquartile range 8–17 hours). One hundred thirty-one (19.2%) experienced the primary outcome. When duration of labor was evaluated continuously, a longer duration of labor was associated with an increased frequency of morbidity (adjusted β=0.68, 95% CI, 0.32–1.04). When duration of labor was evaluated categorically, those experiencing the highest quartile of duration (ie, 17 hours or more) had a statistically higher risk for experiencing morbidity compared with individuals in all other quartiles (adjusted relative risk 1.99, 95% CI, 1.34–2.96). When we focused on components of the composite outcome, clinical chorioamnionitis was significantly different between those experiencing a longer duration and those experiencing a shorter duration of labor (26.2% vs 10.6%, P<.001). On subgroup analysis, gestational age was not associated with the risk of composite morbidity. Tests of homogeneity demonstrated no significant difference in the risk for morbidity among individuals with a history of uterine scarring or based on parity.

CONCLUSION:

Duration of labor was independently associated with risks for adverse maternal outcomes during second-trimester medication abortion, specifically clinical chorioamnionitis.
Factors Influencing Time to Definitive Care in Hip Fracture Patients in a Rural Health System
Authors: Hollister Lisa , Girardot Kellie , Konger Jennifer , Zhu Thein Hlaing
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Current literature has not adequately addressed factors affecting wait times for hip fracture surgery in the rural setting.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to assess the factors affecting admission, transit, and preoperative wait times that impact the timeliness of hip fracture surgery within a rural health system.

METHODS:

A single-center retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural community comprising five community hospitals and two receiving hospitals. A trauma registry study included all hip fracture cases from 2019. Mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range were calculated for admission wait times, transit times to the receiving hospitals, and preoperative wait times in hours. Metrics based on means or medians were developed for these wait times.

RESULTS:

A total of 163 patients met the inclusion criteria. The emergency department wait times before and after admission to the community hospitals were 1 hour and 2.5 hours, respectively. The transit times from the community hospitals, ranging from shorter to farther distances, to receiving hospitals were 40 minutes and 1 hour, respectively. The preoperative wait time for admitted and transferred patients was 12 hours.

CONCLUSION:

Our study outlines a methodology for establishing wait time metrics that impact surgical timeliness for hip fracture patients within a rural healthcare system. We recommend conducting comparable studies with larger sample sizes across different healthcare systems.
Future directions for xenotransplantation in lungs
Authors: Hara Hidetaka , Sahara Hisashi , Chen-Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review

Advancements in preclinical xenotransplant studies have opened doors for clinical heart and kidney xenotransplantation. This review assesses recent progress in lung xenotransplantation research and its potential clinical implications.

Recent findings

The efficacy of the humanized von Willebrand factor in reducing platelet sequestration in ex-vivo and in-vivo lung xenotransplant models was showcased. Combining human tissue factor pathway inhibitor and CD47 expression with selectin and integrin inhibition delayed neutrophil and platelet sequestration. Enhanced expression of human complement regulatory proteins and thrombomodulin in genetically engineered pig lungs improved graft survival by reducing platelet activation and modulating coagulation disruptions. Knocking out the CMAH gene decreased antibody-mediated inflammation and coagulation activation, enhancing compatibility for human transplantation. Furthermore, CMAH gene knockout in pigs attenuated sialoadhesin-dependent binding of human erythrocytes to porcine macrophages, mitigating erythrocyte sequestration and anemia. Meanwhile, in-vivo experiments demonstrated extended survival of xenografts for up to 31 days with multiple genetic modifications and comprehensive treatment strategies.

Experiments have uncovered vital insights for successful xenotransplantation, driving further research into immunosuppressive therapy and genetically modified pigs. This will ultimately pave the way for clinical trials designed to improve outcomes for patients with end-stage lung disease.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma With Extensive Bone Marrow Metastasis and Peripheral Blood Involvement: A Case Report With Immunohistochemical and Mutational Studies
Authors: Highland Benjamin , Morrow William Patrick , Arispe Karen , Beaty Michael , Maracaja Danielle
Published: July 2024

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, highly aggressive skin cancer of neuroendocrine origin that is typically associated with either the presence of Merkel cell polyomavirus or chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. We report a case of relapsed MCC that presented with new symptoms of fatigue, back pain, and myeloid left shift identified during scheduled follow-up. The patient was found to have circulating neoplastic cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow metastasis. Immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin, CD56, INSM-1, CK20, CD117 were positive, whereas CD34, TdT, Chromogranin, CD10, myeloperoxidase, CD3 and CD19 were negative. Flow cytometry of the peripheral blood confirmed the presence of an abnormal nonhematopoietic cell population expressing CD56 positivity. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel revealed the presence of variants in RB1, TP53, and other genes, some of which have not been previously described in MCC. This rare presentation highlights the challenges in the diagnosis and management of MCC.
Comparison of 68Ga-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Fumarate Hydratase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Shuhui , Liu Haoyang , Dai Hongyuan , Qi Mengfang , Su Minggang , Zeng Hao , Huang Rui
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell cancer (FHRCC) is a rare and aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma. The diagnostic value of 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT for FHRCC remains unexplored. Therefore, we compared the potential value of 68Ga-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT in FHRCC.

Patients and Methods

Patients with FHRCC underwent 68Ga-FAPI-04 and 18F-FDG PET/CT from May 2022 to December 2023. The SUVmax and tumor-to-liver ratio (TLR) of both tracers were compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.

Results

Eleven patients with 83 lesions were enrolled. The rate of 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting lesions was higher than that of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT: primary tumors: 75.0% (6/8) versus 50.0% (4/8); lymph nodes: 94.9% (37/39) versus 89.7% (35/39); and bone lesions: 100.0% (21/21) versus 90.5% (19/21). The median SUVmax of primary and metastatic lesions on 18F-FDG PET/CT was comparable to 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in semiquantitative analysis (primary lesions: 13.86 vs 16.35, P = 1.000; lymph nodes: 10.04 vs 9.33, P = 0.517; bone lesions: 13.49 vs 9.84, P = 0.107; visceral lesions: 8.54 vs 4.20, P = 0.056). However, the median TLRs of primary and metastatic lesions on 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT were higher than that of 18F-FDG PET/CT (primary lesions: 30.44 vs 5.41, P = 0.010; lymph nodes: 17.71 vs 3.95, P = 0.000; bone lesions: 15.94 vs 5.21, P = 0.000; visceral lesions: 9.26 vs 3.44, P = 0.003).

Conclusions

18F-FDG PET/CT detected more primary and metastatic FHRCC lesions than 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. However, the higher TLR in FHRCC on 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT may indicate therapeutic potential in targeting fibroblast activation protein in FHRCC.
Shared foraging grounds in a solitary rodent: indication for cooperation by kin selection and mutualism?
Authors: Makuya Lindelani , Pillay Neville , Schradin Carsten
Published: July 2024

Kinship is important for understanding the evolution of social behaviour in group living species. However, even solitary living individuals differentiate between kin and non-kin neighbours, which could lead to some form of cooperation, defined as both partners benefitting from each other. A simple form of cooperation is mutualism, where both partners benefit simultaneously.

Here we tested whether there is mutual tolerance by sharing foraging grounds between kin in a solitary species. This would indicate the possibility of kin selection and mutual cooperation.

We used mini-GPS data loggers to investigate range overlap in the solitary bush Karoo rat (Otomys unisulcatus) between kin- and non-kin neighbours. Next, we quantified the extent to which individuals shared foraging grounds containing food plants within their overlapping ranges. Lastly, using step selection functions applied to GPS fixes collected every five minutes, we analysed how individuals moved relative to each other.

Kin-neighbours had larger home range overlap than non-kin neighbours (70.4% vs 29.6%) and shared more of their foraging grounds (63% vs 37%).

Temporal analysis of spatial data found no indication that neighbours avoided each other, independent of kinship. Instead, activity was synchronised.

In sum, we found mutual tolerance between neighbours with regards to sharing foraging grounds, and kin shared nearly double as much of their foraging grounds than non-kin.

These data can be interpreted as a simple way of mutual cooperation between kin in a solitary species, where both members benefit from sharing a considerable part of their foraging grounds.
A platform for lab management, note-keeping and automation
Authors: Fleiss Aubin , Mishin Alexander S. , Sarkisyan Karen S.
Published: July 2024

We report a lab management concept and its no-code implementation based on general-purpose database services, such as Airtable. The solution we describe allows for integrated management of samples, lab procedures, experimental notes and data within a single browser-based application, and supports custom automations. We believe that this system can benefit a wide scientific audience by offering communication-less retrieval of information, collaborative editing, unified sample labelling and data keeping style. A template database is available atairtable.com/universe/expPcKlB7VCHE6wVK/lab-management.
Spatial and mechanical environments regulate the heterogeneity of myonuclei
Authors: Nicolas Rosa , Bonnin Marie-Ange , Blavet Cédrine , Esteves de Lima Joana , Legallais Cécile , Duprez Delphine
Published: July 2024

Skeletal muscle formation involves tight interactions between muscle cells and associated connective tissue fibroblasts. Every muscle displays the same type of organisation, they are innervated in the middle and attached at both extremities to tendons. Myonuclei are heterogeneous along myotubes and regionalised according to these middle and tip domains. During development, as soon as myotubes are formed, myonuclei at muscle tips facing developing tendons display their own molecular program. In addition to molecular heterogeneity, a subset of tip myonuclei has a fibroblastic origin different to the classical somitic origin, highlighting a cellular heterogeneity of myonuclei in foetal myotubes. To gain insights on the functional relevance of myonucleus heterogeneity during limb development, we used 2D culture and co-culture systems to dissociate autonomous processes (occurring in 2D-cultures) from 3D-spatial environment of tissue development. We also assessed the role of mechanical parameters in myonucleus heterogeneity in paralysed limb muscles. The regionalisation of cellular heterogeneity was lost in 2D cell culture systems and paralyzed muscles. The molecular signature of MTJ myonuclei was also lost a dish and paralysed muscles indicating a requirement of spatial and mechanical input for MTJ formation. Tip genes that maintain their expression in a dish are involved in myofibrillogenesis and myotube attachments. The behaviour of regionalized markers in cultured myotubes and paralyzed muscles allows us to deduce whether the genes intervene in myogenesis, myotube attachment or MTJ formation.

Highlights

The regionalisation of cellular heterogeneity of myonuclei is lost in cultured myotubes

BMP signalling regulates fibroblast nucleus incorporation into cultured myotubes

The molecular signature of MTJ myonuclei is lost in cultured myotubes and paralysed muscles

Tip genes involved in myofibrillogenesis maintain their regionalised expression in cultured myotubes
Stress from Cadaver Dissection Linked to Learning Conditions: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Nnaka Jude Amechi , Ezeike Victor Udochukwu , Thompson Kristjan , Okafor Izuchukwu Azuka
Published: July 2024

Objective

This study examined the relationship between students’ perceptions of cadaver dissection (CD) and some learning conditions during CD.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study involving 2968 medical students and graduates exposed to CD at nine countries systematically and proportionally selected from Sub-Saharan African countries based on their ranking on the four World Bank indices of development and education: population, literacy, human capital index (HCI), and human development index (HDI). A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect relevant data on learning conditions during CD experience of the participants, using online channels, including email, Whatsapp, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter.

Results

About half (48.76%) of the participants perceived CD as stressful, while 51.24% thought otherwise. However, 57% of participants from institutions where a CD session lasts three hours described their experience as stressful, whereas 69.67% of participants whose institution spent one hour in a single CD session agreed that CD is not stressful. Similarly, 60.63% of participants from institutions with a student-donor ratio between 5 to 10 students per cadaver described their experience as ‘not stressful’. In comparison, 57.51% of participants from institutions with a student-donor ratio of 10–20 students per donor and 53.80% of participants from institutions with over 20 students per donor described their experience as stressful.

Conclusions

Students from institutions with CD instructors, shorter CD sessions, and a smaller student-donor ratio are more likely to perceive CD as stress-free. Providing more support for students during CD and reducing time for CD may be an antidote to CD-related stress.