bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elastic potential energy in linear poroelasticity
Authors: Müller Tobias M. , Sahay Pratap N.
Published: March 2019

Biot’s theory of linear poroelasticity dates back to the mid-20th century and is still currently the backbone for understanding deformation processes in fluid-saturated porous rocks with applications in geomechanics, hydrogeology, reservoir engineering, and exploration geophysics. Therein, the elastic potential energy is the critical concept to derive the macroscopic stress tensors and constitutive equations. The potential energy is taken as the single function that forms an exact differential in macroscopic strains of the solid and fluid phases. This choice intrinsically implies a reciprocal interaction between the compressive stresses of the two phases. However, it leaves out the possibility that the phases can interact in a nonreciprocal manner, which is sometimes inferred from experimental observations. The limited scope of the Biot theory is overcome by upscaling the pore-scale governing equations using volume averaging aided by the physical argument that the conservation of mass, momentum, energy, and principle of equivalence must hold at all scales. This upscaling reveals that the proper measures of deformations are not only the deformation gradient terms but also a porosity change term that accounts for the emergent pore-interface kinematics at the macroscale. It also reveals that the elastic potential energy of a porocontinuum is the sum of the potential energies of the solid and fluid phases, which are functions of their so-defined respective measure of deformation only. Such potential energy is no longer limited to only the reciprocal interaction of the compressive stresses of the phases, but it enables us to capture nonreciprocal interactions still within the realm of linearity. A nonreciprocal interaction arises whenever the potential energy density is not uniformly distributed at the pore scale but partially localized in the vicinity of pore interfaces or within the bulk part of the phases. A direct consequence is that the coupling coefficients in the linear constitutive equations are expected to be different.
Source-independent time-domain vector-acoustic full-waveform inversion
Authors: Zhong Yu , Liu Yangting
Published: March 2019

Dual-sensor seismic acquisition systems that record the pressure and particle velocity allow the recording of the full-vector-acoustic (VA) wavefields. Most previous studies have focused on data-domain processing methods based on VA seismic data; whereas, few studies focused on using full-VA seismic data in full-waveform inversion (FWI). Conventional acoustic FWI only takes advantage of the pressure recordings to estimate the medium’s velocity model. Some artifact events will appear in the adjoint-state wavefields based on the conventional acoustic FWI method. These artifact events further reduce the accuracy of acoustic FWI. To simultaneously use pressure and vertical particle velocity recordings, we introduced a new time-domain VA FWI method. The VA FWI method can take advantage of directivity information contained in the VA seismic data. Thus, the adjoint-state wavefields based on VA FWI are more accurate than those from the conventional acoustic FWI method. In addition, we applied a convolution-based objective function to eliminate the effects of the source wavelet and implement a time-domain multiscale strategy in VA FWI. Synthetic examples are presented to demonstrate that VA FWI can improve the accuracy of acoustic FWI in the presence and absence of a free surface in the acoustic case. In addition, VA FWI does not significantly increase the computation and memory costs, but it has better convergence when compared with conventional acoustic FWI.
Shot-record extended model domain preconditioners for least-squares migration
Authors: Kazemi Nasser
Published: March 2019

We have studied the preconditioned conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm in the context of shot-record extended model domain least-squares migration. The CG algorithm is a powerful iterative technique that can solve the least-squares migration problem efficiently; however, to see the merits of least-squares migration, one needs to apply the algorithm for several iterations. Generally speaking, the convergence rate of the CG algorithm depends on the condition number of the operator. Preconditioners are a family of operators that are easy to build and invert. Proper preconditioners can cluster the eigenvalues of the original operator; hence, they reduce the condition number of the operator that one wishes to invert. Accordingly, preconditioning the operator can, in theory, improve the convergence rate of the algorithm. In least-squares migration, the diagonal scaling of the Hessian and the approximated inverse of the Hessian are proven to work well as a preconditioner. We develop and apply two types of preconditioners for the shot-record extended model domain least-squares migration problem. The first preconditioner belongs to the diagonal scaling category, and a second preconditioner is a filter-based approach, which approximates the partial Hessian operators by local convolutional filters. The goal is to increase the convergence rate of the shot-record extended model domain least-squares migration using the reformulated cost function with a preconditioned operator. Experiments with a synthetic Sigsbee model and a real data example from the Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Canyon data set, indicate that preconditioning the linear system of the equations improves the convergence rate of the algorithm.
Reflection and transmission responses for layered transversely isotropic media with vertical and horizontal symmetry axes
Authors: Jin Song , Stovas Alexey
Published: March 2019

Reflection and transmission (R/T) responses characterize the energy distributions for incident and generated waves across the subsurface interface. The R/T coefficients are considerably influenced by the local anisotropy, and this implies the significance of the R/T responses analysis for anisotropic media. We have considered the plane interface bounded by two transversely isotropic media with, respectively, vertical and horizontal symmetry axes, and R/T coefficients normalized by the vertical energy flux are obtained in the phase domain. We define two simple anisotropic layered models characterized by fewer independent model parameters. Under the assumption of weak contrast model parameters across the interface, the R/T coefficient approximations are obtained as the perturbations from the simple models’ counterparts. The isotropic background medium is also used to obtain the approximations under an additional weak anisotropy assumption. Compared with approximations degenerated from more general cases, our approximations rely on fewer independent parameters. Numerical tests are implemented to evaluate our approximations.
Personal resilience in psychiatrists: systematic review
Authors: Howard Ranjita , Kirkley Catherine , Baylis Nicola
Published: March 2019

Aims and method

The concept of personal resilience is relevant to physician well-being, recruitment and retention, and to delivering compassionate patient care. This systematic review aims to explore factors affecting personal resilience among psychiatrists, in particular, those that may impair well-being and those that facilitate resilience practice. A literature search was performed of the Ovid®, Embase®, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases, using keywords to identify empirical studies involving psychiatrists that examined resilience, stress and burnout from the past 15 years.

Results

Thirty-three international English language studies were included, showing that a combination of workplace, personal and non-workplace factors negatively and positively influenced well-being and resilience.

Clinical implications

Given that workplace factors were the most commonly cited, it would appear that any resilience package that predominantly targets interventions at the workplace level would be particularly fruitful. Future research, however, needs to address the absence of a universal measurement of well-being and its moderators so that any potential interventions are better evaluated.
The diverse neural crest: from embryology to human pathology
Authors: Etchevers Heather C. , Dupin Elisabeth , Le Douarin Nicole M.
Published: March 2019

We review here some of the historical highlights in exploratory studies of the vertebrate embryonic structure known as the neural crest. The study of the molecular properties of the cells that it produces, their migratory capacities and plasticity, and the still-growing list of tissues that depend on their presence for form and function, continue to enrich our understanding of congenital malformations, paediatric cancers and evolutionary biology. Developmental biology has been key to our understanding of the neural crest, starting with the early days of experimental embryology and through to today, when increasingly powerful technologies contribute to further insight into this fascinating vertebrate cell population.
Maize YABBY genes drooping leaf1 and drooping leaf2 regulate floret development and floral meristem determinacy
Authors: Strable Josh , Vollbrecht Erik
Published: March 2019

Floral morphology is shaped by factors that modulate floral meristem activity and size, and the identity, number and arrangement of the lateral organs they form. We report the maize CRABS CLAW co-orthologs drooping leaf1 (drl1) and drl2 are required for development of ear and tassel florets. Pistillate florets of drl1 ears are sterile with unfused carpels that fail to enclose an expanded nucellus-like structure. Staminate florets of drl1 tassels have extra stamens and fertile anthers. Natural variation and transposon alleles of drl2 enhance drl1 mutant phenotypes by reducing floral meristem (FM) determinacy. The drl paralogs are co-expressed in lateral floral primordia, but not within the FM. drl expression together with the more indeterminate mutant FMs suggest that the drl genes regulate FM activity and impose meristem determinacy non-cell autonomously from differentiating cells in lateral floral organs. We used gene regulatory network inference, genetic interaction and expression analyses to suggest DRL1 and ZEA AGAMOUS1 target each other and a common set of downstream genes that function during floret development, thus defining a regulatory module that fine-tunes floret patterning and FM determinacy.
A core mechanism for specifying root vascular patterning can replicate the anatomical variation seen in diverse plant species
Authors: Mellor Nathan , Vaughan-Hirsch John , Kümpers Britta M. C. , Help-Rinta-Rahko Hanna , Miyashima Shunsuke , Mähönen Ari Pekka , Campilho Ana , King John R. , Bishopp Anthony
Published: March 2019

Pattern formation is typically controlled through the interaction between molecular signals within a given tissue. During early embryonic development, roots of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana have a radially symmetric pattern, but a heterogeneous input of the hormone auxin from the two cotyledons forces the vascular cylinder to develop a diarch pattern with two xylem poles. Molecular analyses and mathematical approaches have uncovered the regulatory circuit that propagates this initial auxin signal into a stable cellular pattern. The diarch pattern seen in Arabidopsis is relatively uncommon among flowering plants, with most species having between three and eight xylem poles. Here, we have used multiscale mathematical modelling to demonstrate that this regulatory module does not require a heterogeneous auxin input to specify the vascular pattern. Instead, the pattern can emerge dynamically, with its final form dependent upon spatial constraints and growth. The predictions of our simulations compare to experimental observations of xylem pole number across a range of species, as well as in transgenic systems in Arabidopsis in which we manipulate the size of the vascular cylinder. By considering the spatial constraints, our model is able to explain much of the diversity seen in different flowering plant species.
Microtubule acetylation but not detyrosination promotes focal adhesion dynamics and astrocyte migration
Authors: Bance Bertille , Seetharaman Shailaja , Leduc Cécile , Boëda Batiste , Etienne-Manneville Sandrine
Published: March 2019

Microtubules play a crucial role in mesenchymal migration by controlling cell polarity and the turnover of cell adhesive structures on the extracellular matrix. The polarized functions of microtubules imply that microtubules are locally regulated. Here, we investigated the regulation and role of two major tubulin post-translational modifications, acetylation and detyrosination, which have been associated with stable microtubules. Using primary astrocytes in a wound healing assay, we show that these tubulin modifications are independently regulated during cell polarization and differently affect cell migration. In contrast to microtubule detyrosination, αTAT1 (ATAT1)-mediated microtubule acetylation increases in the vicinity of focal adhesions and promotes cell migration. We further demonstrate that αTAT1 increases focal adhesion turnover by promoting Rab6-positive vesicle fusion at focal adhesions. Our results highlight the specificity of microtubule post-translational modifications and bring new insight into the regulatory functions of tubulin acetylation.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
A nuclear localization signal targets tail-anchored membrane proteins to the inner nuclear envelope in plants
Authors: Groves Norman R. , McKenna Joseph F. , Evans David E. , Graumann Katja , Meier Iris
Published: March 2019

Protein targeting to the inner nuclear membrane (INM) is one of the least understood protein targeting pathways. INM proteins are important for chromatin organization, nuclear morphology and movement, and meiosis, and have been implicated in human diseases. In opisthokonts, one mechanism for INM targeting is transport factor-mediated trafficking, in which nuclear localization signals (NLSs) function in nuclear import of transmembrane proteins. To explore whether this pathway exists in plants, we fused the SV40 NLS to a plant ER tail-anchored protein and showed that the GFP-tagged fusion protein was significantly enriched at the nuclear envelope (NE) of leaf epidermal cells. Airyscan subdiffraction limited confocal microscopy showed that this protein displays a localization consistent with an INM protein. Nine different monopartite and bipartite NLSs from plants and opisthokonts, fused to a chimeric tail-anchored membrane protein, were all sufficient for NE enrichment, and both monopartite and bipartite NLSs were sufficient for trafficking to the INM. Tolerance for different linker lengths and protein conformations suggests that INM trafficking rules might differ from those in opisthokonts. The INM proteins developed here can be used to target new functionalities to the plant nuclear periphery.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Nuclear speckle fusion via long-range directional motion regulates speckle morphology after transcriptional inhibition
Authors: Kim Jiah , Han Kyu Young , Khanna Nimish , Ha Taekjip , Belmont Andrew S.
Published: March 2019

Although the formation of RNA-protein bodies has been studied intensively, their mobility and how their number and size are regulated are still poorly understood. Here, we show significantly increased mobility of nuclear speckles after transcriptional inhibition, including long-range directed motion of one speckle towards another speckle, terminated by speckle fusion, over distances up to 4 µm and with velocities between 0.2 µm/min and 1.5 µm/min. Frequently, three or even four speckles follow very similar paths, with new speckles appearing along the path followed by a preceding speckle. Speckle movements and fusion events contribute to fewer, but larger, speckles after transcriptional inhibition. These speckle movements are not actin dependent, but occur within chromatin-depleted channels enriched with small granules containing the speckle marker protein SON. Similar long-range speckle movements and fusion events were observed after heat shock or heavy metal stress, and during late G2 and early prophase. Our observations suggest a mechanism for long-range, directional nuclear speckle movements, contributing to overall regulation of nuclear speckle number and size as well as overall nuclear organization.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Characterization of myofibroblasts isolated from the intestine of patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Dionne Serge , Restellini Sophie , Koenekoop Jamie , Salvador Escribano Pedro , Piccirillo Ciriaco A. , Charlebois Patrick , Liberman A. Sender , Stein Barry , Duchatellier Carl Frederic , Seidman Ernest Gerald
Published: March 2019

Background: Intestinal fibrosis represents a serious complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), often necessitating surgical resections. Myofibroblasts are primarily responsible for interstitial matrix accumulation in fibrotic diseases. However intestinal myofibroblasts (IMF) remain inadequately characterized.  The aim was to examine fibroblast markers and fibrosis-associated gene expression in IMF isolated from resected intestine from IBD and control patients. As well as determining the effect of the fibrogenic cytokine TGFβ.

Methods: Intestinal resections were obtained (n =35) from consenting patients undergoing elective surgery (2014-16). Primary cultures of IMF were isolated using DTT and EDTA and cultured. Viability and phenotypic characterization of IMF was carried out by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. IMF (passages 3-8) were treated for 24 hours. Cytokines were quantified in IMF by real time PCR and in supernatants using the human pro-inflammatory cytokine panel 

Results: All markers and most fibrosis mediators studied were preferentially expressed by IMF compared to mucosal tissue. Metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 3, as well as their inhibitor TIMP1, are highly expressed by IMF. They also highly expressed inflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-8, CCL2 and PTGS2. Whereas mucosal expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-17 is increased in IBD, that of fibrosis mediators was not different. Fibrosis-related gene expression in IMF from IBD patients and controls was similar, but IMF from IBD expressed higher levels of several inflammatory genes. IMF from CD and UC had mostly similar expression profiles. TGFβ induced expression of fibrogenic genes αSMA, COL1A1, CTGF, FN1 and LOX. TGFβ-stimulated IMF released increased levels of IL-6, whereas IL-6, IL-8, as well as small amounts of IFN-γ and IL12p70 were produced following stimulation with IL-1β+IL-23.

Conclusions: This study extends knowledge about the pathogenesis of fibrosis in IBD. Further research in the identification of mechanisms involved in IMF activation and fibrogenesis are required.
Variant calling on the GRCh38 assembly with the data from phase three of the 1000 Genomes Project
Authors: Lowy-Gallego Ernesto , Fairley Susan , Zheng-Bradley Xiangqun , Ruffier Magali , Clarke Laura , Flicek Paul ,   The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium
Published: March 2019

We present biallelic SNVs called from 2,548 samples across 26 populations from the 1000 Genomes Project, called directly on GRCh38. We believe this will be a useful reference resource for those using GRCh38, representing an improvement over the “lift-overs” of the 1000 Genomes Project data that have been available to date and providing a resource necessary for the full adoption of GRCh38 by the community. Here, we describe how the call set was created and provide benchmarking data describing how our call set compares to that produced by the final phase of the 1000 Genomes Project on GRCh37.
Supraglottic airways devices: use in veterinary medicine
Authors: Skarbek Adrianna , Borland Karla
Published: March 2019

V-gels® (Docsinnovent Ltd, UK) are the first veterinary supraglottic airway devices (SADs) that have been developed. They can be used as an alternative to endotracheal intubation. Species that would benefit from the use of v-gels include cats and rabbits. In both species orotracheal intubation may be difficult, due to specific anatomical features in lagomorphs and due to laryngospasm in cats. As a result of difficulties related to rabbit intubation, anaesthesia is often induced and maintained with a facemask, which commonly leads to inadequate ventilation. Rapid achievement of a secure airway allows mechanical ventilation should hypoventilation or apnoea occur — common problems following anaesthetic induction in rabbits and cats. In patients where endotracheal intubation is not possible, v-gels can provide a secure and patent airway, enable intermittent positive pressure ventilation and reduce the environmental contamination with anaesthetic gases. Use of capnography is highly advisable with SADs, as this will provide rapid notification if the device becomes dislodged or blocked, in addition to providing useful information regarding patient ventilation and cardiovascular status.
Pre- and postovulatory stasis associated with oviductal torsion in a green iguana (Iguana iguana)
Authors: Miles Sonya
Published: March 2019

Reproductive disease is common in female green iguanas (Iguana iguana) in captivity if environmental conditions are sub-optimal. This case report describes a 25-year-old female green iguana that presented collapsed and emaciated, with a 5-week history of anorexia and lethargy, a distended coelomic cavity, and a report of unproductive straining after passing a single large deformed egg 1 week before presentation. The case involved both pre- and postovulatory stasis, associated with an oviductal torsion. The iguana was treated successfully by bilateral ovariectomy and salpingectomy. Presurgical stabilisation was an essential part of management.
The approach to an isolated close anterior margin in breast conserving surgery
Authors: O’Connell L , Walsh S , Evoy D , O’Doherty A , Quinn C , Rothwell J , Geraghty J , McDermott EW , Prichard R
Published: March 2019

Introduction

Although close radial margins after breast-conserving surgery routinely undergo re-excision, appropriate management of patients with close anterior margins remains a topic of controversy. An increasing body of literature suggests that re-excision of close anterior margins yields low rates of residual malignancy and may only be necessary in selected patients. The aim of this study was to examine the management of close anterior margins after breast conserving surgery in a single institution and to analyse the rate of residual disease in re-excised anterior margins.

Methods

All patients having breast conserving surgery at St Vincent’s University Hospital from January 2008 to December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Data collected included patient demographics, tumour characteristics, margin positivity, re-excision rates and definitive histology of the re-excision specimens. A close margin was defined as les than 2 mm.

Results

A total of 930 patients were included with an average age of 65 years (range 29–94 years). Of these, 121 (13%) had a close anterior margin. Further re-excison of the anterior margin was carried out in 37 patients (30.6%) and a further 16 (13.2%) proceeded to mastectomy. Residual disease was found in 18.5% (7/36) of those who underwent re-excision and 7/16 (43.75%) of those who underwent mastectomy. Overall, 11.57% (14/121) of patients with close anterior margins were subsequently found to have residual disease.

Conclusion

The low yield of residual disease in re-excised anterior margins specimens supports the concept that routine re-excision of close anterior margins is not necessary. Further research is required to definitively assess its influence on the risk of local recurrence.
Trends in paediatric distal radius fractures: an eight-year review from a large UK trauma unit
Authors: Mamoowala N , Johnson NA , Dias JJ
Published: March 2019

Introduction

This observational study investigated the incidence of distal radius fractures in children, to determine whether the rate is rising, the effect of seasonal variation on incidence and whether fracture type and rate of surgical intervention has changed, to help in determining costs for secondary care and to aid resource allocation.

Materials and methods

All paediatric patients(n = 6529) who sustained a distal radius fracture over an eight-year period (2007–2014) were identified. Poisson regression modelling was used to identify change in trends.

Results

There was no change in distal radius fracture incidence, rate of surgical intervention (P = 0.36) or fracture type (P = 0.70). Overall incidence was 337 fractures per 100,000 patient/years. The highest fracture incidence was seen in older school boys (708 per 100,000 patient/years, P < 0.005). Overall fracture rate was lower in winter (P < 0.005). Incidence is highest in summer and the main variation is related to season.

Discussion

These data can help to predict accurately the number of children presenting to the emergency department with wrist fractures depending on the time of year.
Full-Size and Partially Truncated Cardiac Troponin Complexes in the Blood of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Vylegzhanina Alexandra V , Kogan Alexander E , Katrukha Ivan A , Koshkina Ekaterina V , Bereznikova Anastasia V , Filatov Vladimir L , Bloshchitsyna Marina N , Bogomolova Agnessa P , Katrukha Alexey G
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

The measurement of cardiac isoforms of troponin I (cTnI) and troponin T (cTnT) is widely used for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there are conflicting data regarding what forms of cTnI and cTnT are present in the blood of AMI patients. We investigated cTnI and cTnT as components of troponin complexes in the blood of AMI patients.

METHODS

Gel filtration techniques, sandwich fluoroimmunoassays, and Western blotting were used.

RESULTS

Plasma samples from patients with AMI contained the following troponin complexes: (a) a cTnI-cTnT-TnC complex (ITC) composed of full-size cTnT of 37 kDa or its 29-kDa fragment and full-size cTnI of 29 kDa or its 27-kDa fragments; (b) ITC with lower molecular weight (LMW-ITC) in which cTnT was truncated to the 14-kDa C-terminal fragments; and (c) a binary cTnI-cTnC complex composed of truncated cTnI of approximately 14 kDa. During the progression of the disease, the amount of ITC in AMI samples decreased, whereas the amounts of LMW-ITC and short 16- to 20-kDa cTnT central fragments increased. Almost all full-size cTnT and a 29-kDa cTnT fragment in AMI plasma samples were the components of ITC. No free full-size cTnT was found in AMI plasma samples. Only 16- to 27-kDa central fragments of cTnT were present in a free form in patient blood.

CONCLUSIONS

A ternary troponin complex exists in 2 forms in the blood of patients with AMI: full-size ITC and LMW-ITC. The binary cTnI-cTnC complex and free cTnT fragments are also present in patient blood.
Effect of pruning season and tool on knot occlusion and stem discolouration in Betula pendula – situation five years after pruning
Authors: Niemistö Pentti , Kilpeläinen Harri , Heräjärvi Henrik
Published: March 2019

This paper investigates and models the effects of pruning season and tool on wound occlusion with varying tree and branch characteristics of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) stems at the pruning height of 0â4 metres. Dates of eight secateurs prunings, three saw prunings and two sticks prunings as well as unpruned control were tested in permanent plots on four sites. Knot occlusion and discolouration in stemwood were measured from about 1600 studied knots of 112 sample trees felled five to six years after pruning in 2010. Knot occlusion rate was modelled according to pruning tool, date, tree growth, and branch characteristics. The occlusion was the fastest in trees pruned in spring or early summer, and the slowest in trees pruned in autumn. Stubs of living branches occluded faster than the dead ones with the same diameter. Saw pruning resulted in clearly better occlusion rates than secateurs pruning, caused by the shorter knot stubs after saw pruning. Hitting dead branches away with a stick resulted in the worst occlusion status. The colour defects spread more often upward from the knot than downward. Discolouration in stemwood was detected more frequently near to the pruned branches than the unpruned ones, and more widely near to the stubs of dead branches than the living ones. Most saw and secateurs pruned branches were completely occluded during the experiment, so these prunings were suitable for all branches under 20 mm in diameter, and for living branches even up to 30 mm in fast-growing trees.
Szexuális nevelés az iskolában
Authors: Semsey Gábor
Published: March 2019

Tanulmányunkban megkíséreltük bemutatni az iskolai szexuális nevelés alapvetéseit a magyar és a nemzetközi szakirodalom tükrében. Remélhetőleg sikerült kellőképpen érzékeltetnünk, milyen összetett nevelési területről van szó. A magyarországi iskolák világát ismerő szakemberek számára nem lehet kérdéses, hogy komoly fejlesztésre van szükség Magyarországon e téren. Talán ez a tanulmány is hozzájárulhat ehhez a fejlesztő munkához.
Egy digitális tananyagcsomag a szövegértési készség – mint tantárgyközi kompetencia – fejlesztésére a 9–12. évfolyamok számára
Authors: Manxhuka Afrodita
Published: March 2019

A szövegértési és szövegalkotási képességek nagymértékben befolyásolják az iskolai, majd később a társadalmi érvényesülést, meghatározzák a tanuláshoz való általános viszonyt, a motivációt és a későbbi pályaválasztást is. A hétköznapokban való boldoguláshoz nélkülözhetetlen a szóbeli és írásbeli szövegek megértése, a képi és nyelvi jelek hatékony dekódolása. A tanulók számára sokszor nemcsak a szépirodalmi művek értelmezése jelent gondot, hanem a különböző szakszövegek és az egyszerűbb, gyakorlati jellegű írások is, melyekkel a mindennapok során találkoznak. A különböző típusú, eltérő tantárgyterületekhez tartozó, ismeretközlő szövegek rendszeres olvasása és feldolgozása segíti a hatékony szövegértési stratégiák kialakítását, és ezáltal a szövegértési nehézségek leküzdését.
Cigány gyerekek és a tanítóképzés
Authors: Kereszty Zsuzsa , Hunyady Györgyné
Published: March 2019

A tanulmány a cigány gyerekek kompetenciáinak fejlesztésére felkészítő tanítóképzés törekvéseivel foglalkozik. Vázolja a roma gyerekek iskoláztatásának hazai problématörténetét; történeti esettanulmányként mutatja be az ELTE TÓK egyik korai projektjét; beszámol egy friss (2018), a témakörben végzett tájékozódó vizsgálat intézményi szintű tapasztalatairól; majd javaslatokat fogalmaz meg, miként lenne célszerű a szakmai nyilvánosság figyelmét az alap- és továbbképzés kritikus pontjaira irányítani a deszegregáció és az integráció érdekében. A problématörténet utal a kilencvenes évek iskolai szegregációval foglalkozó kutatásainak eredményeire, ezeknek a pedagógusképzésre tett hatására. Majd elemzi a bolognai folyamat képzési struktúrát átalakító szerepét, amellyel együtt járt a képzési tartalmak, követelmények újragondolása is: az új tantervek közvetve-közvetlenül reflektáltak a cigány gyerekek fejlődésének szakszerű támogatására is. A következő évtizedben a központi és helyi tantervi változások ezeket a tartalmakat nem érintették. Ezt a szemléletet készítette elő az ELTE TÓK 2000 és 2004 között megvalósult projektje, amely átfogta az óvó- és tanítóképzés teljes vertikumát, megjelent valamennyi tantárgyának programjában, különös súllyal a gyakorlati képzésben. (A gyakorlati képzés olyan óvodákban/iskolákban folyt, amelyekben a cigány gyerekek aránya legalább 50% volt, s az egyéni és csoportos gyermekmegfigyelésen kívül résztvevő megfigyelést, cigány családokkal való találkozást is jelentett.) A Tanító- és Óvóképzés Országos Programfejlesztő Bizottsága 2018-ban tájékozódott arról, hogy a szakterület a probléma súlyához mérten elegendő figyelmet fordít-e a cigány gyerekek korai fejlesztésére, iskoláztatására. Akar-e, tud-e e tekintetben kompetensebb tanítókat képezni a kezdőszakasz számára? Azokban az intézményekben, amelyek egyáltalán adtak információt munkájukról, él a szándék hallgatóik minél teljesebb felkészítésére, de ebben számtalan társadalmi és iskolai rendszerszintű folyamat gátolja őket.
Stress distribution and failure load of multilayer and monolayer glass ceramic.
Authors: Archangelo Karen Cristina , Penteado Marcela Moreira , Dal Piva Amanda Maria de Oliveira , Nogueira Andrea Souza , Tribst João Paulo Mendes , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto
Published: March 2019

This short report evaluated the differences in stress concentration and the load to fracture of multilayered and monolayer glass ceramic discs. Using a static structural analysis, the 3D model of the discs received a load of 150N and results in maximum principal stress were obtained. For the in vitro analysis, the samples (ø 12 mm) were submitted to a compressive test (100kgf, 1mm/min). The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (?=5%). The monolayer group showed a lower stress peak (129.24 MPa) and higher load to fracture (118.38N) than the multilayered group with 211.04MPa and 48.34N, respectively. All samples presented catastrophic failure with its origin on the tensile surface. Therefore, the monolayer ceramic group showed superior mechanical behavior than the multilayered group.
Restorative strategies for weakened roots: Systematic review and Meta-analysis of in vitro studies
Authors: Corrêa Gislene , Pradebon Brondani Lucas , Sarkis-Onofre Rafael , Dalmolin Bergoli César
Published: March 2019

Objective: This study evaluated fracture resistance values and failure mode of weakened roots restored with cast post and core, fiber post and anatomical posts. Materials and methods: In vitrostudies, published in English, Portuguese and Spanish, that evaluated weakened roots restored with at least two of mentioned strategies were searched for in three databases MEDLINE, PubMed and Scopus until June 2017; there was no restriction regarding the publication year. Fracture resistance values were obtained, and the following comparisons: cast post and core vs. fiber post and vs. anatomical post and fiber post vs. anatomical post were performed. Meta-analyses were conducted using the random effects model to calculate the combined effect of the difference between the averages. Six articles were included in the study. Results: There was no significant difference between the fracture resistance values, but more catastrophic failures were observed on cast post and core, and the included studies presented a low risk of bias for the most domains. Conclusion: It was concluded that weakened roots restored with the searched strategies seem to have similar fracture strength, but fiber and anatomic post decreases the possibility of catastrophic failure.KeywordsReview; Root; Dental restoration.
A política da catástrofe: melancolia e despolitização da história na obra de W. G. Sebald
Authors: Guidée Raphaëlle
Published: March 2019

Sintomas da inflexão melancólica que domina as artes da memória no fim do século XX, as narrativas do escritor alemão W. G Sebald se assemelham a um registro inesgotável das devastações causadas ou sofridas pela espécie humana. Nenhum progresso, senão no aperfeiçoamento das ferramentas de destruição; nenhum sentido, exceto no eterno retorno do desastre que faz do infortúnio a característica de uma “espécie desesperada”. Mas o quão é bom exumar os traços das vítimas da história se é impossível esperar acabar com a violência por elas sofrida? Por que ressuscitar os oprimidos cuja história apenas repete a derrota irreparável? Examinando o diálogo continuo entre a obra de Sebald e as teses “sobre o conceito de história” (1940), de Walter Benjamin, este artigo demonstra os riscos de despolitização de uma filosofia fundada no valor revolucionário da memória dos vencidos e tenta, portanto, esclarecer a tensão entre ética e política que atravessa um grande número de produções memoriais contemporâneas.

palavras clave: Sebald; melancolia; despolitização.
Representações sociais do VIH/SIDA para adolescentes: Uma abordagem estrutural
Authors: Castro Jefferson Luiz de Cerqueira , Santos José Victor de Oliveira , Araújo Ludgleydson Fernandes de , Faro André , Rocha Ana Paula Porto da , Reis Sara Teles
Published: March 2019

A presente investigação teve como propósito apreender e analisar as representações sociais de adolescentes no que diz respeito ao VIH e à SIDA no Brasil. A amostra foi formada por 576 adolescentes, com idade média de 15,67 anos (DP=1.66). Utilizou-se a técnica de associação livre de palavras, com as palavras indutoras “HIV” e “AIDS”, a qual foi investigada por meio da análise prototípica, com o apoio do software Iramuteq. Tal análise possibilita definir a estrutura de uma representação social a partir de evocações de palavras, o que permite observar o núcleo central e o sistema periférico da representação social. Entre os achados, salienta-se a definição da palavra “doença” como núcleo central e em seu contorno a definidora “morte” como primeira periferia, o que reforça a crença que o VIH/SIDA é uma doença fatal. Nas demais zonas do sistema periférico ressaltam-se aspectos ligados à afetividade, bem como conhecimentos sobre a disseminação e práticas preventivas. Desse modo, percebe-se que os respondentes possuem conhecimento a respeito das causas, tratamento e prevenção do VIH/SIDA, contudo há a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas que levem em consideração esses conhecimentos, bem como os estimulem dentre os adolescentes.
How transactive memory systems and reflexivity relate with innovation in healthcare teams
Authors: Marques-Quinteiro Pedro , Curral Luís , Passos Ana , Lewis Kyle , Gomes Catarina
Published: March 2019

Os sistemas de memória transitiva promovem a troca eficiente de informação, contribuindo para a inovação das equipas hospitalares. Estudos anteriores sugerem que os sistemas de memória transitiva podem ser mais úteis para tarefas repetitivas. Neste estudo, conciliamos estes resultados contraditórios argumentando que as eficiências de processamento dos sistemas de memória transitiva beneficiarão a inovação, porque os sistemas de memória transitiva ajudarão os membros da equipa a refletirem sobre os seus processos e metas. A amostra deste estudo incluiu 256 enfermeiros hospitalares (N=54 equipas). Os resultados sugerem que a reflexividade medeia positivamente a relação entre os sistemas de memória transitiva e a inovação das equipas. Este estudo contribui para a literatura ao clarificar de que forma é que as estruturas e processos cognitivos das equipas se combinam para influenciar a inovação das equipas hospitalares; e para a prática ao oferecer ideias para a gestão de equipas em ambiente hospitalar.
Conhecimentos e perceções públicas acerca do acolhimento familiar: Contributos para o desenvolvimento da medida
Authors: Negrão Mariana , Moreira Marina , Veríssimo Lurdes , Veiga Elisa
Published: March 2019

O acolhimento familiar é uma medida de promoção e proteção de crianças e jovens que tem ganho crescente expressividade na Europa nas últimas décadas. Paralelamente, a investigação tem evidenciado um maior ajustamento desta resposta face às necessidades desenvolvimentais das crianças em perigo. Não obstante, em Portugal, esta é ainda uma medida com muito pouca representação. A capacidade de promover o Acolhimento Familiar, para além de muitos e complexos fatores de ordem política, legislativa e financeira, estará também dependente dos conhecimentos e perceções que a população em geral possa ter sobre a problemática. Assim, este estudo analisa os conhecimentos e perceções de uma amostra da população portuguesa (n=270) acerca do acolhimento familiar. Os resultados demonstram poucos conhecimentos acerca da realidade do acolhimento, mas uma atitude favorável face ao acolhimento familiar e uma elevada disponibilidade dos inquiridos para se tornarem família de acolhimento. A discussão dos resultados é feita tendo em conta as suas implicações para a promoção de uma cultura de acolhimento familiar e para a criação de condições que viabilizem a adesão à medida em Portugal.
Assessment of the impacts of Innovation Grants in Brazilian States
Authors: Leal Érika De Andrade Silva , Echeveste Márcia Elisa , Guimarães Lia Buarque de Macedo , Gularte Aline Cafruni
Published: March 2019

Goal: This article presents an assessment of the impacts of the “Research in Companies Support Program (PAPPE): Economical Subvention to Innovation”, in the decentralized modality, i.e., projects contracted in the states of the Brazilian federation. Considering the high opportunity cost of the PAPPE program, it was deemed important to evaluate how the financed projects impacted the three dimensions (economic, social and environmental) of sustainable development.

Methodology: Study was based on literature review on innovation grants; interviews with one Finep technician and technicians from Fapes, Fapesc and Sebrae-PR; and documental research and analysis of 53 projects carried out in the states of Espírito Santo, Paraná and Santa Catarina, from 2009-2013. Descriptive analysis was conducted for comparing performance of the three states.

 Results: Under the economic dimension, the PAPPE program enhanced the ability of funding recipients to compete on a national level. However, there was no evidence of impact on the social and environmental dimensions.

Limitations of the investigation: This research is restricted to three Brazilian states, chosen due to the homogeneity of project types and the interest of the researchers, with a focus on the state of Espírito Santo.

Practical implications: Although both social and environmental dimensions are not explicit in the scope of the PAPPE program, the assessment of these dimensions should be included in the design and evaluation of any policy sponsored by public funding, since they are critical to the country.
Interdisciplinarity in Higher Education: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Literature in the period 2014-2018
Authors: Marins Bernardo Vitor de Souza , Ramos Hellen Costa , Ferreira Geraldo Souza , Costa Stella Regina Reis , Costa Helder Gomes
Published: March 2019

Goal: The growing complexity of problems induces the use of multi- and interdisciplinary approaches in their solution. This situation occurs in a number of fields, including in the field of Education. The results of research from the interdisciplinary point of view in Education are presented in several journals, addressing different subjects, which prevents a holistic view on the development of this area. In order to fill this gap, this article aims to study interdisciplinarity in education in order to understand how the concept of interdisciplinarity has been applied in this area.

Design / Methodology / Approach: It consists of a bibliographical survey, with articles indexed in the SCOPUS database. The selection of articles was limited to a transversal research in the literature from 2014 to 2018, using the following keywords: interdisciplinarity and higher education.

Limitations of the investigation: Through the methodology used, 60 articles were selected.

Results: Few articles were related to interdisciplinary practices, demonstrating the need for research to cover this gap.

Practical implications: Although the subject began in the 1970s, there is still much to be researched regarding interdisciplinarity in education, to allow a better dissemination and practice thereof, so that students have a systemic view of current complexity.

Originality/ Value: The study points out a gap in the literature, and the quantitative results suggest that there is a greater deficiency of works directed to the application of the interdisciplinary approach in the development of this aspect for the improvement of society.
Total Quality Management: the case of an electricity distribution company
Authors: Santos Ana Carla de Souza Gomes dos , Carvalho Leandro Machado , Souza Caio Ferreira de , Reis Augusto da Cunha , Freitag Alberto Eduardo Besser
Published: March 2019

Goal: this research aims to deploy TQM in the new customers area of an electricity distribution company, located in Campos dos Goytacazes (Rio de Janeiro), based on three management pillars: guidelines, processes and routine.

Design / Methodology / Approach: the nature of this work is applied research, with a qualitative problem approach, characterized as exploratory, using case study as a technical procedure, with data collected between april and september of 2015.

Results: the performed methodology allowed a reduction of both "orders after deadline" (12%) and "unproductive visits" (22%) indicators.

Limitations of the investigation: the research presented limitations, first, because of the resistance of some employees during the tools implementation and second, the methodology was implemented only in a sector of the company.

Practical implications: the study was based on indicators and targets already used by the company. It was proposed and implemented an anomalies analysis and tools such asthe PDCA cycle, Pareto and Ishikawa diagrams, 5W1H, and Standard Operating Procedures.

Originality / Value: there is little research with emphasis on TQM, especially when referring to an analysis using three levels of management (guidelines, process and routine) in the Brazilian electricity sector.
Sustainability and green marketing challenge: Brazilian brewing industry case study
Authors: Maruyama Úrsula , Quintanilha Marcos Vinicius Bier , Silva Carla Mota dos Santos , Sanchez Paloma Martinez
Published: March 2019

Goal: Understand the environmental impact of brewing industry activities in Brazil.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Discusses the model of production and consumption tied to the brewing market within the environmental debate. By bibliographical research, qualitative approach, case study. The case study data was collected within a three-month period on Ambev’s sustainability program analysis.

Limitations: Enterprise’s confidentiality. Some documents could not be reached.

Results: This study clarify that Ambev’s sustainability program does not meet its own objectives and statements as it does not effectively contribute to sustainability.

Practical Implications: This article’s value resides in revealing Ambev’s greenwashing strategies deepening the effects of environmental crisis worldwide.

Originality/Value: This study arises a critical thinking regarding big companies sustainability initiatives lacking real environmental concern.
Influence of celebrated movies and TV series on the US baby names: literature review and statistical developments
Authors: Carfì David , Donato Alessia
Published: March 2019

In this article, we have selected movies and TV series of undoubted success in the US and we have studied if the names of the most beloved protagonists have influenced the choice of the name of the new born. We used the baby names dataset of the statistical software R, which contains all the names of children born in the US from the year 1880 to 2015.
Krzysztof Ratajczak, Edukacja kobiet w kręgu dynasńi piastowskiej w średniowieczu, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, Poznań 2005, s. 218
Authors: Głowacka-Sobiech Edyta
Published: March 2019

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