bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incomplete bunyavirus particles can cooperatively support virus infection and spread
Authors: Bermúdez-Méndez Erick , Bronsvoort Kirsten F. , Zwart Mark P. , van de Water Sandra , Cárdenas-Rey Ingrid , Vloet Rianka P. M. , Koenraadt Constantianus J. M. , Pijlman Gorben P. , Kortekaas Jeroen , Wichgers Schreur Paul J.
Published: November 2022

Bunyaviruses lack a specific mechanism to ensure the incorporation of a complete set of genome segments into each virion, explaining the generation of incomplete virus particles lacking one or more genome segments. Such incomplete virus particles, which may represent the majority of particles produced, are generally considered to interfere with virus infection and spread. Using the three-segmented arthropod-borne Rift Valley fever virus as a model bunyavirus, we here show that two distinct incomplete virus particle populations unable to spread autonomously are able to efficiently complement each other in both mammalian and insect cells following co-infection. We further show that complementing incomplete virus particles can co-infect mosquitoes, resulting in the reconstitution of infectious virus that is able to disseminate to the mosquito salivary glands. Computational models of infection dynamics predict that incomplete virus particles can positively impact virus spread over a wide range of conditions, with the strongest effect at intermediate multiplicities of infection. Our findings suggest that incomplete particles may play a significant role in within-host spread and between-host transmission, reminiscent of the infection cycle of multipartite viruses.
Effects of corruption and income inequality on the reported number of COVID-19 cases and deaths: Evidence from a time series cross-sectional data analysis
Authors: Khan Atikur R. , Abedin Sumaiya , Rahman Md. Mosiur , Khan Saleheen
Published: November 2022

Corruption-income inequality nexus is likely to affect the healthcare services, which in turn affect a country’s ability to suppress an epidemic. Widespread corruption in public sectors may influence the data inventory practices to control the recording and sharing of official statistics to avoid political disturbance or social problems caused by an epidemic. This empirical study examines the effects of income inequality, data inventory, and universal healthcare coverage on cross-country variation in reported numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the presence of corruption in public sectors. Daily numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths of selected 29 countries are integrated for the first 120 days of the epidemic in each country. COVID-19 dataset is then integrated with a dataset of different indices. Fixed effect panel model is applied to explore the effects of corruption perception, income inequality, open data inventory practice, and universal health coverage on the daily numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths per million. Income inequality, corruption perception and open data inventory are found to significantly affect the number of confirmed cases and deaths. Countries with alarming income inequality are found to report 39.89 more COVID-19 cases per million, on average. Under a lower level of corruption, countries with lower level of open data inventory are expected to report 74.31 more COVID-19 cases but 1.43 less deaths per million. Given a higher level of corruption, countries with lower level of open data inventory are expected to report lower number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Corruption demonstrates a significant influence on the size of the epidemic in terms of the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. A country with higher level of corruption in public sector along with lower levels of open data inventory is expected to report lower number of COVID-19 cases and deaths.
The benefits and harms of adjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer in patients with major comorbidities: A simulation study
Authors: Leiter Amanda , Kong Chung Yin , Gould Michael K. , Kale Minal S. , Veluswamy Rajwanth R. , Smith Cardinale B. , Mhango Grace , Huang Brian Z. , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Sigel Keith
Published: November 2022

Background

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have demonstrated a survival benefit for adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy after resection of locoregional non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The relative benefits and harms and optimal approach to treatment for NSCLC patients who have major comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], coronary artery disease [CAD], and congestive heart failure [CHF]) are unclear, however.

Methods

We used a simulation model to run in-silico comparative trials of adjuvant chemotherapy versus observation in locoregional NSCLC in patients with comorbidities. The model estimated quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained by each treatment strategy stratified by age, comorbidity, and stage. The model was parameterized using outcomes and quality-of-life data from RCTs and primary analyses from large cancer databases.

Results

Adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with clinically significant QALY gains for all patient age/stage combinations with COPD except for patients >80 years old with Stage IB and IIA cancers. For patients with CHF and Stage IB and IIA disease, adjuvant chemotherapy was not advantageous; in contrast, it was associated with QALY gains for more advanced stages for younger patients with CHF. For stages IIB and IIIA NSCLC, most patient groups benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy. However, In general, patients with multiple comorbidities benefited less from adjuvant chemotherapy than those with single comorbidities and women with comorbidities in older age categories benefited more from adjuvant chemotherapy than their male counterparts.

Conclusions

Older, multimorbid patients may derive QALY gains from adjuvant chemotherapy after NSCLC surgery. These results help extend existing clinical trial data to specific unstudied, high-risk populations and may reduce the uncertainty regarding adjuvant chemotherapy use in these patients.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antimicrobial usage, spread and resistance emergence in commercial poultry farms of Rajshahi district in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Zohurul , Islam Md. Saiful , Kundu Lakshmi Rani , Ahmed Ayesha , Hsan Kamrul , Pardhan Shahina , Driscoll Robin , Hossain Md. Sharif , Hossain Md. Mahfuz
Published: November 2022

Background

Inappropriate and injudicious use of antimicrobials in broiler and layer farms has become a common practice in lower and middle-income countries including Bangladesh. This study aimed to assess poultry farmers’ knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding antimicrobial usage (AMU), and their beliefs in factors that affect antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spread and emergence in humans through commercial poultry farms in Bangladesh.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 204 farmers (95.6% male; meanage = 35.14 ± 10.25 years) in the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh who were recruited from three upazilas (sub-districts) through a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected from June to November 2021 via face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Results

The proportion of farmers who reported having received information regarding AMU from veterinarians was higher in layer compared to broiler farms (65.9% vs. 44.9%, p < 0.001). A higher proportion of layer compared to broiler farmers believed that antimicrobial residues and pathogens in poultry can pass to humans through the consumption of contaminated eggs (28.1% vs. 5.8%, p < 0.05). The mean score of the farmers’ attitude towards addressing AMU was 4.49 (SD = 1.37) out of 7, with the higher score indicating a better attitude. The mean score of better attitudes towards addressing AMU was significantly higher among educated participants (bachelor’s or higher levels of education (p = 0.006). A higher proportion of layer (56.3%) farmers did not keep a record of AMU when compared to broiler farmers (37.7%) (p = 0.012). More broiler (50.7%) compared to layer (38.5%) farmers continued using the full dose of antimicrobials (p = 0.042). The most frequently used antimicrobials in broiler and layer poultry farms were Colistin (broiler vs layer: 73.9% vs. 86.75%; p = 0.024), and Ciprofloxacin (broiler vs. layer: 95.7% vs. 84.4%; p = 0.021). Farmers’ beliefs were significantly associated with the spread of AMR pathogens from contaminated eggs to humans (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The findings reflected that majority of farmers had inadequate knowledge of AMU, less knowledgeable beliefs aboutAMU, and inappropriate AMU (e.g., poor record keeping, incomplete doses) in chicken production systems. The government should ensure education or advisory services for poultry farmers on proper AMU, enforce current veterinary laws and regulations on antimicrobials, and implement AMU surveillance systems.
The autophagic protein p62 is a target of reactive aldehydes in human and murine cholestatic liver disease
Authors: Shearn Colin T. , Anderson Aimee L. , Devereux Michael W. , Orlicky David J. , Michel Cole , Petersen Dennis R. , Miller Colin G. , Harpavat Sanjiv , Schmidt Edward E. , Sokol Ronald J.
Published: November 2022

Inflammatory cholestatic liver diseases, including Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC), are characterized by periportal inflammation with progression to cirrhosis. The objective of this study was to examine interactions between oxidative stress and autophagy in cholestasis. Using hepatic tissue from male acute cholestatic (bile duct ligated) as well as chronic cholestatic (Mdr2KO) mice, localization of oxidative stress, the antioxidant response and induction of autophagy were analyzed and compared to human PSC liver. Concurrently, the ability of reactive aldehydes to post-translationally modify the autophagosome marker p62 was assessed in PSC liver tissue and in cell culture. Expression of autophagy markers was upregulated in human and mouse cholestatic liver. Whereas mRNA expression ofAtg12,Lamp1,Sqstm1andMap1lc3was increased in acute cholestasis in mice, it was either suppressed or not significantly changed in chronic cholestasis. In human and murine cholestasis, periportal hepatocytes showed increased IHC staining of ubiquitin, 4-HNE, p62, and selected antioxidant proteins. Increased p62 staining colocalized with accumulation of 4-HNE-modified proteins in periportal parenchymal cells as well as with periportal macrophages in both human and mouse liver. Mechanistically, p62 was identified as a direct target of lipid aldehyde adduction in PSC hepatic tissue andin vitrocell culture.In vitroLS-MS/MS analysis of 4-HNE treated recombinant p62 identified carbonylation of His123, Cys128, His174, His181, Lys238, Cys290, His340, Lys341and His385. These data indicate that dysregulation of autophagy and oxidative stress/protein damage are present in the same periportal hepatocyte compartment of both human and murine cholestasis. Thus, our results suggest that both increased expression as well as ineffective autophagic degradation of oxidatively-modified proteins contributes to injury in periportal parenchymal cells and that direct modification of p62 by reactive aldehydes may contribute to autophagic dysfunction.
Virologic outcomes after early referral of stable HIV-positive adults initiating ART to community-based adherence clubs in Cape Town, South Africa: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Odayar Jasantha , Malaba Thokozile R. , Allerton Joanna , Kabanda Siti , Huang David , Kalombo Cathy , Lesosky Maia , Myer Landon
Published: November 2022

Background

Differentiated service delivery (DSD) models are recommended for stable people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART) but there are few rigorous evaluations of patient outcomes.

Methods

Adherence clubs (ACs) are a form of DSD run by community health workers at community venues with 2–4 monthly ART refills and annual nurse assessments). Clinic-based care involves 2-monthly ART refills and 4-monthly nurse/doctor assessments. We compared virologic outcomes in stable adults randomised to ACs at four months post-ART initiation to those randomised to primary health care (PHC) ART clinics through 12 months on ART in Cape Town, South Africa (NCT03199027). We hypothesised that adults randomised to ACs would be more likely to be virally suppressed at 12 months post-ART initiation, versus adults randomised to continued PHC care. We enrolled consecutive adults on ART for 3–5 months who met local DSD [‘adherence clubs’ (AC)] eligibility (clinically stable, VL<400 copies/mL). The primary outcome was VL<400 copies/mL at 12 months on ART.

Results

Between January 2017 and April 2018, 220 adults were randomised (mean age 35 years; 67% female; median ART duration 18 weeks); 85% and 94% of participants randomised to ACs and PHCs attended their first service visit on schedule respectively. By 12 months on ART, 91% and 93% randomised to ACs and PHCs had a VL<400 copies/mL, respectively. In a binomial model adjusted for age, gender, previous ART use and nadir CD4 cell count, there was no evidence of superiority of ACs compared to clinic-based care (RD, -2.42%; 95% CI, -11.23 to 6.38). Findings were consistent when examining the outcome at a threshold of VL <1000 copies/mL.

Conclusion

Stable adults referred to DSDs at 4 months post-ART initiation had comparable virologic outcomes at 12 months on ART versus PHC clinics, with no evidence of superiority. Further research on long-term outcomes is required.
Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil
Authors: Sousa Filho J. Firmino de , Silva Uriel M. , Lima Larissa L. , Paiva Aureliano S. S. , Santos Gervásio F. , Andrade Roberto F. S. , Gouveia Nelson , Silveira Ismael H. , de Lima Friche Amélia A. , Barreto Maurício L. , Caiaffa Waleska Teixeira
Published: November 2022

Socioeconomic factors have exacerbated the impact of COVID–19 worldwide. Brazil, already marked by significant economic inequalities, is one of the most affected countries, with one of the highest mortality rates. Understanding how inequality and income segregation contribute to excess mortality by COVID–19 in Brazilian cities is essential for designing public health policies to mitigate the impact of the disease. This paper aims to fill in this gap by analyzing the effect of income inequality and income segregation on COVID–19 mortality in large urban centers in Brazil. We compiled weekly COVID–19 mortality rates from March 2020 to February 2021 in a longitudinal ecological design, aggregating data at the city level for 152 Brazilian cities. Mortality rates from COVID-19 were compared across weeks, cities and states using mixed linear models. We estimated the associations between COVID-19 mortality rates with income inequality and income segregation using mixed negative binomial models including city and week-level random intercepts. We measured income inequality using the Gini index and income segregation using the dissimilarity index using data from the 2010 Brazilian demographic census. We found that 88.2% of COVID–19 mortality rates variability was between weeks, 8.5% between cities, and 3.3% between states. Higher-income inequality and higher-income segregation values were associated with higher COVID–19 mortality rates before and after accounting for all adjustment factors. In our main adjusted model, rate ratios (RR) per 1 SD increases in income inequality and income segregation were associated with 17% (95% CI 9% to 26%) and 11% (95% CI 4% to 19%) higher mortality. Income inequality and income segregation are long-standing hallmarks of large Brazilian cities. Risk factors related to the socioeconomic context affected the course of the pandemic in the country and contributed to high mortality rates. Pre-existing social vulnerabilities were critical factors in the aggravation of COVID–19, as supported by the observed associations in this study.
Dynamics and resiliency of networks with concurrent cascading failure and self-healing
Authors: Al-Aqqad Waseem , Hayajneh Hassan S. , Zhang Xuewei
Published: November 2022

Local attacks in networked systems can often propagate and trigger cascading failures. Designing effective healing mechanisms to counter cascading failures is critical to enhance system resiliency. This work proposes a self-healing algorithm for networks undergoing load-based cascading failure. To advance understanding of the dynamics of networks with concurrent cascading failure and self-healing, a general discrete-time simulation framework is developed, and the resiliency is evaluated using two metrics, i.e., the system impact and the recovery time. This work further explores the effects of the multiple model parameters on the resiliency metrics. It is found that two parameters (reactivated node load parameter and node healing certainty level) span a phase plane for network dynamics where three regimes exist. To ensure full network recovery, the two parameters need to be moderate. This work lays the foundation for subsequent studies on optimization of model parameters to maximize resiliency, which will have implications to many real-world scenarios.
Shiga toxin (stx) encoding genes in sheep and goats reared in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Persad Anil K. , Rajashekara Gireesh , LeJeune Jeffrey T.
Published: November 2022

Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) is estimated to cause over two million cases of human disease annually. Trinidad and Tobago is one of the largest livestock producer and consumer of sheep and goat meat in the Caribbean, however, the potential role of these animals in the epidemiology of STEC infections has not been previously described. To fill this critical gap in knowledge, the prevalence of Shiga toxin genes(stx1andstx2)shed in the faeces of healthy sheep (n = 204) and goats (n = 105) in Trinidad was investigated. Based on PCR screening, goats had a higherstxprevalence than sheep (46% vs 35%,P= 0.06). Most of the recovered STEC isolates were positive forstx1only; and only three isolates were positive for theeaegene. None of the recovered isolates belonged to the O157 serogroup. In both species, the prevalence ofstxwas higher in young animals versus older animals. Sheep reared on deep litter flooring (43%) had a higher prevalence than sheep reared other flooring types, however this was not the same for goats. The presence of cows on the same premise was not an associated predictor for STEC carriage in sheep or goats. This study demonstrates that although sheep and goats in Trinidad are reservoirs forstx-positiveE.coliisolates, no fecal samples tested positive for O157 STEC, harbored. Furthermore, it appears that non-O157stx-positive isolates harbored by these animals do not pose a significant threat to human health
Intra-annual fluctuation in morphology and microfibril angle of tracheids revealed by novel microscopy-based imaging
Authors: Kita Yusuke , Awano Tatsuya , Yoshinaga Arata , Sugiyama Junji
Published: November 2022

Woody cells, such as tracheids, fibers, vessels, rays etc., have unique structural characteristics such as nano-scale ultrastructure represented by multilayers, microfibril angle (MFA), micro-scale anatomical properties and spatial arrangement. Simultaneous evaluation of the above indices is very important for their adequate quantification and extracting the effects of external stimuli from them. However, it is difficult in general to achieve the above only by traditional methodologies. To overcome the above point, a new methodological framework combining polarization optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and image segmentation is proposed. The framework was tested to a model softwood species, Chamaecyparis obtusa for characterizing intra-annual transition of MFA and tracheid morphology in a radial file unit. According our result, this framework successfully traced the both characteristics tracheid by tracheid and revealed the high correlation (|r| > 0.5) between S2 microfibril angles and tracheidal morphology (lumen radial diameter, tangential wall thickness and cell wall occupancy). In addition, radial file based evaluation firstly revealed their complex transitional behavior in transition and latewood. The proposed framework has great potential as one of the unique tools to provide detailed insights into heterogeneity of intra and inter-cells in the wide field of view through the simultaneous evaluation of cells’ ultrastructure and morphological properties.
School-based mental health literacy training shifts the quantity and quality of referrals to tertiary child and adolescent mental health services: A Western Canada regional study
Authors: Baxter Andrew , Wei Yifeng , Kutcher Stan , Cawthorpe David
Published: November 2022

Background

We aimed to improve mental health referral quality of young people by helping educators build capacity for early identification of youth at risk of mental illness and facilitate referrals between the education and health systems.

Methods

We applied the Go-To Educator mental health literacy training for early identification, triage and support in 208 schools in Calgary, Alberta between 2013 and 2016. Students presenting to mental health services during this time were compared on a number of clinical, system, and demographic variables, based on the training status of the school (untrained schools; before and after training schools), using retrospective cohort design. Based on clinical and system data, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were employed to compare the three school status domains.

Results

After training, referrals differed significantly from control and pre-training schools. Students presenting to services from these schools were younger, from single parent families; were referred more because of adjustment and learning/attention problems; had complex social/family issues; thought disturbances, and harmful behavior/thoughts towards others. While they waited longer to be admitted they stayed longer in services; had more provisional comorbid diagnoses and demonstrated positive treatment outcomes.

Conclusions

The Go-To Educator training may be an effective intervention helping educators identify students at risk of mental disorders and in substantial need of mental health services, demonstrating improved linkages between education and health sectors.
Differential immune transcriptomic profiles between vaccinated and resolved HCV reinfected subjects
Authors: Mazouz Sabrina , Salinas Eduardo , Bédard Nathalie , Filali Ali , Khedr Omar , Swadling Leo , Abdel-Hakeem Mohamed S. , Siddique Asiyah , Barnes Eleanor , Bruneau Julie , Grakoui Arash , Shoukry Naglaa H.
Published: November 2022

Successive episodes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represent a unique natural rechallenge experiment to define correlates of long-term protective immunity and inform vaccine development. We applied a systems immunology approach to characterize longitudinal changes in the peripheral blood transcriptomic signatures in eight subjects who spontaneously resolved two successive HCV infections. Furthermore, we compared these signatures with those induced by an HCV T cell-based vaccine regimen. We identified a plasma cell transcriptomic signature during early acute HCV reinfection. This signature was absent in primary infection and following HCV vaccine boost. Spontaneous resolution of HCV reinfection was associated with rapid expansion of glycoprotein E2-specifc memory B cells in three subjects and transient increase in E2-specific neutralizing antibodies in six subjects. Concurrently, there was an increase in the breadth and magnitude of HCV-specific T cells in 7 out of 8 subjects. These results suggest a cooperative role for both antibodies and T cells in clearance of HCV reinfection and support the development of next generation HCV vaccines targeting these two arms of the immune system.
Perceived school and media influences on civic/citizenship education: Views of secondary school principals and teachers in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Koon Lin , Chiu Ming Ming
Published: November 2022

This article investigates types of citizenship education in selected schools in Hong Kong with different overarching affiliations (pro-China vs. pro-democracy). After examining schools’ policies (e.g., sister school of China school), we selected four pro-China and two pro-democracy schools. As a highly diverse society, citizenship education in Hong Kong is key to the formation of a ‘good citizen’. To better understand what a ‘good citizen’ means in this context, we interviewed ten teachers, four principals and four vice-principals at six secondary schools. We focused our interviews on key themes around citizenship, schools influence and media influence. These interviews showed thatlaissez-faireschool staff reported acting as facilitators who emphasized knowledge, social concerns and norms of ‘good citizens’ to their students.Mediate diversitystaff reported helping students integrate different perspectives.School missionstaff reported supporting student engagement via citizen responsibilities and political processes; while pro-China schools emphasized a national China identity, pro-democracy schools emphasized an international view. Staff from all of these schools reported that media negatively influenced students’ values and perspectives. To reduce students’ confirmation bias (only seeking evidence to support the pre-existing views), teachers in all schools taught critical thinking skills and media literacy. The data showed that understanding how schools can nurture student-citizens amid teachers’ concerns around negative media influence can help inform instruction and policies in schools regardless of their affiliation.
Ground state sign-changing solutions for critical Choquard equations
with steep well potential
Authors: Li Yong-Yong , Li Gui-Dong , Tang Chun-Lei
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study sign-changing solution of the Choquard type equation

−

Δ

u
+

(

λ

V
(
x
)
+
1

)

u
=

(

I
α

∗

|

u

|

2
α

∗

)

|

u

|

2
α

∗

−

2

u
+
μ

|

u

|

p
−

2

u

in

 

R

N

,

where
N
≥

3
,
α

∈

(
(
N
−

4

)
+

,
N
)

,

I
α

is a Riesz potential,
p
∈

[

2
α

∗

,

2
N

N
−

2

)

,

2
α

∗

:=

N
+
α

N
−

2

is the upper critical exponent in terms of the Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality,
μ

>
0
,
λ

>
0
,
V
∈

C
(

R

N

,

R

)

is nonnegative and has a potential well. By combining the variational methods and sign-changing Nehari manifold, we prove the existence and some properties of ground state sign-changing solution for
λ

,
μ

large enough. Further, we verify the asymptotic behaviour of ground state sign-changing solutions as
λ

→

+
∞

and
μ

→

+
∞

, respectively.
Dispositional mindfulness is associated with less cognitive fusion and better effortful control in young people: The mediating role of repetitive negative thinking
Authors:   Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz, Bogotá, Colombia, Vargas-Nieto Juan Camilo , Montorio Ignacio ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España, Gantiva Carlos ,   Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia, Froufe Manuel ,   Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The scientific community is taking an increasing interest in mindfulness due to its positive association with physical and psychological health indicators. However, there is still ongoing debate as to whether there could be other explanations for these effects. Aim: This study explores the relationships between dispositional mindfulness, cognitive fusion, effortful control and repetitive negative thinking (RNT). RNT was chosen as a potential mediating variable due to its presence in multiple psychological disorders. Method: A mediation analysis was performed using the bootstrap method with 5000 replications on data collected from a non-clinical sample of 415 young adults who completed a battery of online questionnaires. Results: Dispositional mindfulness is negatively associated with measures of RNT, effortful control and cognitive fusion. The analyses indicate that the effect that dispositional mindfulness has on cognitive fusion in young people can be partially mediated with medium effect size by RNT. Conclusion: RNT may play a central role as an underlying process in the link between mindfulness and different psychological aspects.
Relações entre as políticas públicas de educação e o desempenho de Portugal no PISA
Authors: Fernandes Domingos , Neves Cláudia , Tinoca Luís , Viseu Sofia , Henriques Susana
Published: November 2022

Este artigo apresenta os aspetos mais relevantes de uma investigação realizada entre 2017 e 2018 cujo propósito fundamental foi compreender melhor o que terá mudado no sistema escolar português que possa ter contribuído para a melhoria do desempenho dos alunos portugueses no Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). O método utilizado, qualitativo por natureza, foi concebido para recolher dados em cada um dos seguintes domínios: conhecimento produzido no âmbito do PISA; políticas públicas de educação que se desenvolveram a partir da publicação, em 1986, da Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo (LBSE); perceções de intervenientes (docentes, diretores e inspetores de escolas) acerca das relações entre as políticas públicas de educação e a melhoria do desempenho dos alunos. Os resultados da investigação mostraram que os programas que materializaram as políticas públicas nas últimas três décadas estão relacionados com melhorias sensíveis na organização e funcionamento pedagógico das escolas, nas práticas de ensino dos docentes e nos seus processos de cooperação e de colaboração. Estas políticas e aquelas melhorias poderão ajudar a compreender o desempenho crescentemente positivo dos alunos portugueses no PISA.
Part 3. An annotated bibliography in formative assessment in language learning
Authors: Vassiliou Skevi , Papadima-Sophocleous Salomi , Giannikas Christina Nicole
Published: November 2022

This book tells the story of Formative Assessment (FA) in LL in two ways: the first, in Part II, is in the form of a Systematic Review (SR) and the second, in Part III, in the form of a descriptive and evaluative Annotated Bibliography (AB), the one complementing the other.
Perspektif Mahasiswa S-1 Ilmu Perpustakaan Universitas Diponegoro dalam Menanggapi Judul Clickbait pada Portal Berita Online di Indonesia
Authors: Mutharoh Nurul Chakimah , Rukiyah Rukiyah
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini membahas tentang persepektif mahasiswa S1 Ilmu Perpustakaan Universitas Diponegoro dalam menanggapi judul clickbait di portal berita online di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perspektif Mahasiswa S-1 Ilmu Perpustakaan Universitas Diponegoro dalam menanggapi judul clickbait di portal berita online di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumen. Pemilihan dan perekruten informan dilakukan dengan teknik snowball sampling. Data yang didapat kemudian dianalisis dengan tahapan: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa persepsi mahasiswa S 1 Ilmu Perpustakaan Universitas Diponegoro terhadap judul clickbait yang ada saat ini menurut mereka terlalu banyak menggunakan kata yang bombastis dan jurnalis saat ini hanya mementingkan judul sehingga isi berita terkadang kurang akurat.
Implementasi Pancasila dalam Bidang Ekonomi di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Tria Putri Novi , Cahyaningsih Finkky Fati’ah , Suwandi Risma Ayu , Fitriono Riska Andi
Published: November 2022

Era globalisasi lahir dengan membawa pengaruh positif dan negatif sehingga bangsa yang tidak bisa memanfaatkannya dengan baik akan semakin tertinggal. Dewasa ini, peningkatan ekonomi di era globalisasi makin krusial demi memajukan kesejahteraan umum. Namun, upaya peningkatan ekonomi haruslah berkeadilan dan mengedepankan kepentingan umum sehingga kita semua dapat menikmatinya. Cara tepat dan cepat untuk mengukur keselarasan upaya peningkatan ekonomi dan cita-cita/tujuan bernegara Indonesia adalah melalui Pancasila. Atas dasar hal tersebut, tulisan ini dibuat untuk mengetahui bagaimana Pancasila sebagai falfafah bangsa Indonesia diimplementasikan dalam bidang ekonomi di era globalisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa solusi dalam menghadapi permasalahan bangsa Indonesia adalah dengan menumbuhkan kembali semangat Pancasila. Pancasila juga memiliki fungsi sebagai ideologi, prinsip dan falsafah bangsa, serta sebagai representasi pokok dasar bagi negara yang merdeka. Oleh karena itu, Pancasila harus menjadi tujuan utama dari rangkaian wacana pemerintah, agar nilai-nilai yang terkandung di dalamnya mampu mengikat kehidupan negeri ini.
Sociology and Pedagogy. On the Establishment of Sociology as a Moral Science by Émile Durkheim
Authors: Kurtz Thomas
Published: November 2022

In his sociology, Émile Durkheim has not only dealt extensively with the subject of education, but pedagogy has also a special significance for the establishment of his sociology. On the one hand, this applies to his attempt to establish sociology at French universities and establish it as an independent research discipline. And on the other hand, this applies to his attempt to use his sociology as a moral science to present a crisis analysis of French society and contribute to its solution.
Queer i gender w nowych tekstach kultury dla dzieci i młodzieży
Authors: Bednarek Magdalena , Kocznur Agnieszka
Published: November 2022

Współczesne teksty kultury adresowane do dzieci i młodzieży podejmują problem wzorców tożsamości genderowej, identyfikacji płciowej, a także form jej ekspresji i społecznych reakcji na nie z rosnącą świadomością ich wagi i skomplikowania. W książkach obrazkowych najmłodsi zobaczyć mogą różne modele rodziny, w tekstach narracyjnych poznać jednopłciową parę pingwinów, starsze dzieci w serialu animowanym podziwiają odważne wojowniczki, a młodzież fantazjuje na temat tożsamości i seksualności bohaterów literackich, filmowych i telewizyjnych w fanfikach. Ten różnorodny i coraz szerszy krąg kulturowych reprezentacji wymaga naukowego namysłu, a monografia Queer i gender w tekstach kultury dla dzieci i młodzieży jest próbą odpowiedzi na to zapotrzebowanie. Niniejsza publikacja przynosi teksty poświęcone obrazowaniu transpłciowości w literaturze dla młodzieży, książkom o nieheteronormatywnych bohaterach w objętej ustawami anty-LGBT Rosji, przekładom na język polski utworów o dziecięcej seksualności i tworzeniu przestrzeni dla osób nieheteronormatywnych w fandomach, kształtowaniu wzorców genderowych w tekstach kultury kierowanych do niedorosłego odbiorcy.
Etnomuzykologia Solidarności. Wokół "Musical Solidarities: Political Action and Music in Late Twentieth-Century Poland" Andrei F. Bohlman
Authors: Kwapień Joanna
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the book Musical Solidarities by Andrea F. Bohlman. In her monograph she describes the history of Solidarity, placing sound at the centre of her analysis. The methods she uses allow her to examine historical facts holistically: she reaches for fieldwork as well as voice analysis, specific music motifs, and the influence of Polish musicians and composers on social attittudes in the 1980s. She offers an interesting analysis of the songs that acompanied the protests and the phenomenon of Stefan Bratkowski’s “Gazeta Dźwiękowa” [Sound Gazette] and its influence on the listeners. She draws attention to the icons of the Solidarity period such as Father Jerzy Popiełuszko, Lech Wałęsa, Krzysztof Penderecki and their voices, understood both literally and metaphorically. She also analyses contemporary reinterpretations of songs from that period, using Jacek Kaczmarski’s Mury [Walls] and Janek Wiśniewski padł [Janek Wiśniewski fell]. The author rejects the chronological approach to research, analysing the historical period through problematization of selected issues.
„Jaka, sądzisz, jest biblia cygańska?” – charakterystyka op. 57 Mieczysława Wajnberga śladem Dymitra Szostakowicza
Authors: Nowok-Zych Agnieszka
Published: November 2022

Opus 57 by Mieczysław Weinberg is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful and interesting vocal cycles in the composer’s oeuvre. The Gypsy Bible is closely linked to two figures Weinberg regarded as his masters: Julian Tuwim in the field of words, and Dmitri Shostakovich in the field of musical strategies. Verena Mogl in her publication “Juden die ins Lied sich retten” – der Komponist Mieczysław Weinberg (1919–1996) in der Sowjetunion draws attention to the mostly hidden or veiled references to the life and works of Shostakovich. They become the key to interpreting the cycle both in the context of the relationship between the authors and the political situation prevalent at that time. The article presents the most important threads concerning the biographical and artistic kinship between Weinberg and Tuwim, as well as the issues indicated by Verena Mogl, probably unknown to Polish readers. The appendix attached to the article contains all of Tuwim’s poems used in The Gypsy Bible along with the formal structure given to them by the composer. This is a new contribution to research on the creative output of Mieczysław Weinberg.
Non-occlusive pumping principle for blood pump application
Authors: Pech Sebastian , Richter René , Lienig Jens
Published: November 2022

Roller pumps are used in medicine to pump blood in extracorporeal blood circuits. Blood is subjected to mechanical stress in these peristaltic pumps, due to the complete tube occlusion. This stress causes damage to red blood cells (hemolysis). We present a novel peristaltic pumping principle that addresses these issues. In contrast to conventional roller pumps, the tube is stimulated by a circulating eccentric oscillation. Therefore, this type of pump does not require complete tube occlusion. The blood is less mechanically stressed and hemolysis is reduced by 55% compared to a roller pump.
Hardware development and control of a motorized rollator as an extension for exoskeletons
Authors: Bergmann Lukas , Hansmann Lea , Leonhardt Steffen , Ngo Chuong
Published: November 2022

For many elderly, wheeled rollators play an essential role in everyday life’s mobility. In addition, exoskeletons are increasingly used in daily mobility as well as in rehabilitation therapy. We present a motorized rollator to combine the advantages of both support devices. Based on the developed hardware, we design two model-based control concepts. The first relies on distance measurement with ultrasonic sensors, which enables contactless navigation of the rollator, to allow balance training with the exoskeleton. The second control concept enables the balancing of the rollator on its rear wheels as a first step to overcome stairs. Through experiments on the real system, we demonstrate and discuss the functionality and reliability of both control concepts.
Some remarks onh-anticipation in Ancient Greek
Authors: Batisti Roberto
Published: November 2022

This paper investigates the phonological tendency of Ancient Greek to anticipate word-internal aspiration to a word-initial segment (vowel, voiceless stop, or /w/). Special attention is paid to the relationship of this tendency with hiatus resolution. A close look at the philological data shows that several processes ofh-anticipation should be distinguished: in particular, various kinds of perceptually-driven leftward migration of aspiration (sporadically lexicalized) must be kept apart from a later synchronic rule that movedhto the new onset when two syllabic nuclei coalesced. The hypothesis that the latter phenomenon could accompany not only vowel coalescence but other types of hiatus resolution as well, including elision and glide-formation, may provide explanation for some hitherto obscure cases. The results of this study also have implications for the theoretical discussion of sporadicity in sound change, as they could provide further evidence for the controversial category of phonetically-conditioned sound change with probabilistic conditioning.
Industry goes metaverse – the fusion of real and virtual industrial worlds exemplified by the wastewater industry
Authors: Cerniauskas Tomas , Werth Dirk
Published: November 2022

Meeting friends to go shopping, visit a concert or do some sports together – all this and more is now “virtually” possible in the Metaverse. Currently, the creative industries have made the most of the potential of virtual worlds. But the metaverse has no limits. The newly created dynamics raise the question of the extent to which the manufacturing industry can benefit from the potential of these virtual worlds. So far, augmented reality (AR) has been recognized as being useful to the manufacturing industry. The combination of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) now unleashes new opportunities for industrial companies. For example, by making a virtual inspection of unmanned facilities possible. A project which has been put into practice by the Entsorgungsverband Saar (EVS) in cooperation with the August-Wilhelm Scheer Institute.
Class-preserving Coleman automorphisms of some classes of finite groups
Authors: Hai Jingjing , Li Zhengxing , Ling Xian
Published: November 2022

The normalizer problem of integral group rings has been studied extensively in recent years due to its connection with the longstanding isomorphism problem of integral group rings. Class-preserving Coleman automorphisms of finite groups occur naturally in the study of the normalizer problem. Let

G

G

be a finite group with a nilpotent subgroup

N

N

. Suppose that

G

/

N

G\hspace{-0.0em}\text{/}\hspace{-0.0em}N

acts faithfully on the center of each Sylow subgroup of

N

N

. Then it is proved that every class-preserving Coleman automorphism of

G

G

is an inner automorphism. In addition, if

G

G

is the product of a cyclic normal subgroup and an abelian subgroup, then it is also proved that every class-preserving Coleman automorphism of

G

G

is an inner automorphism. Other similar results are also obtained in this article. As direct consequence, the normalizer problem has a positive answer for such groups.
When teaching works and time helps: Noun modification in L2 English school children
Authors: Fernández Fuertes Raquel , Gómez Garzarán Eduardo , Mujcinovic Sonja , Mañas Navarrete Iban
Published: November 2022

The study focuses on the interaction between length of exposure and instruction in the L2 English acquisition process of L1 Spanish school children. Two target structures involving noun premodification are targeted: noun–noun (NN) compounds and adjective–noun (AN) strings. Four groups of participants have been studied for 3 years: a group that has been exposed to a specifically designed teaching program targeting NN compounds and a group that has received the regular English instruction program which does not address this structure as part of the curriculum. Two age subgroups appear in each case. The longitudinal judgment data elicited show that performance improves in the cooperation between length of exposure and the exposure to the NN instruction program. Furthermore, it is this last issue that actually takes the lead in that the NN instruction program directly impacts on not only NN compounds but also AN strings. This points to instruction being determinant in the L2 learning process; that is, a consciously and carefully directed instruction is proven to be more effective than length of exposure itself. This study on longitudinal experimental data contributes to shed light on the factors involved in instructed L2 acquisition.
Cytotoxic compounds from marine actinomycetes: sources, structures and bioactivity
Authors: Qiu Ziyan , Wu Yinshuang , Lan Kunyan , Wang Shiyi , Yu Huilin , Wang Yufei , Wang Cong , Cao Shugeng
Published: November 2022

Marine actinomycetes produce a substantial number of natural products with cytotoxic activity. Actinomycete strains have been isolated from sources including fishes, coral, sponges, seaweeds, mangroves and sediments. These cytotoxic compounds can be broadly categorized into four classes: polyketides; non-ribosomal peptides and hybrids; isoprenoids and hybrids; and others, among which the majority are polyketides (146 of 254). Twenty-two of the 254 compounds show potent cytotoxicity, with IC50 values at the ng/mL or nM level. This review highlights the sources, structures and antitumor activity of 254 natural products isolated from marine actinomycetes and first reported between 1989 and 2020.
Fast Synaptically Activated Calcium and Sodium Kinetics in Hippocampal Pyramidal Neuron Dendritic Spines
Authors: Miyazaki Kenichi , Ross William N.
Published: November 2022

An accurate assessment of the time course, components, and magnitude of postsynaptic currents is important for a quantitative understanding of synaptic integration and signaling in dendritic spines. These parameters have been studied in some detail in previous experiments, primarily using two-photon imaging of [Ca2+]ichanges and two-photon uncaging of glutamate. However, even with these revolutionary techniques, there are some missing pieces in our current understanding, particularly related to the time courses of synaptically evoked [Ca2+]iand [Na+]ichanges. In new experiments, we used low-affinity, linear Na+and Ca2+indicators, laser fluorescence stimulation, and a sensitive camera-based detection system, combined with electrical stimulation and two-photon glutamate uncaging, to extend measurements of these spine parameters. We found that (1) almost all synaptically activated Na+currents in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neuron spines in slices from mice of either sex are through AMPA receptors with little Na+entry through voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) or NMDA receptor channels; (2) a spectrum of sodium transient decay times was observed, suggesting a spectrum of spine neck resistances, even on the same dendrite; (3) synaptically activated [Ca2+]ichanges are very fast and are almost entirely because of Ca2+entry through NMDA receptors at the time when the Mg2+block is relieved by the fast AMPA-mediated EPSP; (4) the [Ca2+]ichanges evoked by uncaging glutamate are slower than the changes evoked by synaptic release, suggesting that the relative contribution of Ca2+entering through NMDA receptors at rest following uncaging is higher than following electrical stimulation.