bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Thrombocytopenia Trends In Pediatric Epilepsy: The Valproate Connection
Authors: Nayab Kiran , Ain Qurrat ul , Tariq Ayesha , Liaqat Israr , Javed Samra , Mumtaz Nadia
Published: February 2025

Objective: To determine the frequency and association of thrombocytopenia in patients on valproate therapy in the Pediatrics department of Pakistan Atomic Energy Hospital, Islamabad.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in the department of Paediatrics, PAEC General Hospital, Islamabad from 06-June-2022 to 05-December-2022. A total of 125 diagnosed cases of epilepsy and valproic acid therapy were included. After written informed consent from parents/guardians, demographic details were noted, and patients underwent testing for platelet count and thrombocytopenia was labelled as a platelet count of <150000/µL.
Results: The mean age of patients included in this study was 8.13±2.80 years. The mean duration of epilepsy was 3.44±1.56 years. Thrombocytopenia was observed in 31 (24.80%) patients on valproic acid therapy and a strong association between higher dosage of valproic acid and thrombocytopenia was observed (p <0.001).
Conclusion: An increased risk of thrombocytopenia is observed when valproic acid is used as a monotherapy or a part of polytherapy.  Mostly this thrombocytopenia is not life-threatening but the importance of serial monitoring of platelet count during prolonged valproic acid use cannot be ignored due to the associated risk of bleeding, as children on higher doses of valproate are at greater risk of thrombocytopenia.
Keywords: Epilepsy, Valproic Acid, Thrombocytopenia.
Zinc Supplementation Mitigates High Salt Diet-Induced Bone Damage: A Histological Evaluation of Osteocyte Apoptosis
Authors: Anjum Kaukab , Qamar Abdullah , Mahmood Nomana , Khan Muhammad Marghoob , Imran Shazia , Ali Ayesha
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the protective role of zinc supplementation against bone damage induced by a high-salt diet, with a specific focus on osteocyte apoptosis in rats.
Methods: This was an investigational study conducted at the Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, over eight weeks. Thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (Group C), high-salt diet (Group A), and high-salt diet with zinc supplementation (Group B). Group C received a standard diet, Group A received a diet with 8% sodium chloride, and Group B received the high-salt diet plus zinc supplementation at 50 mg/kg body weight daily via oral gavage. After eight weeks, femurs were harvested, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Osteocyte apoptosis was assessed by counting empty lacunae and apoptotic bodies under light microscopy.
Results: The high-salt diet group (Group A) exhibited a significantly higher density of apoptotic osteocytes compared to the control group (mean ± SD: 2.3166 ± 0.820 vs. 1.3666 ± 0.431 per unit area; p=0.0005). Zinc supplementation in Group B resulted in a significant reduction in osteocyte apoptosis compared to both the high-salt diet group (mean ± SD: 1.7000 ± 0.492 per unit area; p=0.0087) and the control group (p=0.0009). These findings indicate that zinc supplementation effectively reduces osteocyte apoptosis caused by high salt intake.
Conclusion: Zinc supplementation significantly mitigates the harmful effects of a high-salt diet on bone health by reducing osteocyte apoptosis. This suggests its potential as a therapeutic intervention to counteract salt-induced bone damage and prevent related diseases such as osteoporosis.
Keywords: Zinc, salt, osteocytes,  apoptosis, osteoporosis.
Comparative Analysis Of Continuous And Interrupted Suturing Techniques In Urethroplasty For Hypospadias
Authors: Aziz Kamran , Aleem Asra , Saeed Safdar , Jamal Muhammad Rashid , Shah Ijaz Hussian , Siddiqui Sana Shaukat
Published: February 2025

Objective: Hypospadias is one of the most frequent congenital anomalies in males that affects penile development and hence optimal urine and semen flow. Snodgrass Tubularized Incised Plate Urethroplasty (TIP) is a widely employed technique for hypospadias, done in a single stage. While both continuous and interrupted sutures are options for TIP procedures, the best technique for minimizing complications is still under debate.
Methods: A quasi-experimental study was carried out in the Urology department of DG Khan Medical College and Hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 that included 69 boys divided into 2 groups based on suturing technique: 37 boys underwent continuous-suture Snodgrass TIP urethroplasty and 32 boys underwent interrupted-suture Snodgrass TIP urethroplasty. The ethical protocol was followed throughout the period.
Results: The mean age was 9.12 years, and we found that there was a statistically significant association between the type of complication and the suturing technique (p=0.117). Meatal stenosis (MS), urethral stricture, and urethrocutaneous fistula (UF) did not exhibit significant differences between groups (p-values > 0.05). Compared to patients with complications (53.6%), those without complications had a significantly higher chance of having a healthy single urine stream (100%).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that interrupted suturing in TIPU may be associated with fewer complications and a higher rate of single urine stream compared to the continuous suturing technique.
Keywords: Hypospadias, Urethra, postoperative complications, Suturing Techniques.
Genetic Study In a Pakistani Family Reveals Autosomal Recessive Type of Artemis Deficiency
Authors: Ayub Saddaf , Zainub Abeerah , Shafi Nida , Khan Zara Khalid , Siddique Lubna , Raza Syed Irfan
Published: February 2025

Objective: To perform clinical and genetic investigations in two patients suffering from Artemis deficiency with total deficiency of T-B- lymphocytes.
Methods: We enrolled a Pakistani family with one male patient suffering from Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID). Immunological investigations including lymphocyte subset analysis, and serum immunoglobulin levels were performed. Genetic analysis was performed on patients and available parents. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based amplification and electrophoresis in patients, parents and control was performed.
Results: A detailed clinical investigation revealed mild fever, lower respiratory tract infections, watery diarrhoea, and oral moniliasis from the age of one month. Lymphocyte subset analysis showed T-/B- and NK+ type SCID. Genetic analysis revealed two exon deletions in the Artemis encoding gene (DCLRE1C, OMIM 602450).
Conclusion: This study reveals a novel mega deletion mutation in the gene DCLRE1C, (two exon deletions) confirmed through PCR-based electrophoresis. The mutation leads to Artemis deficiency T-/B-/NK+ type of SCID.
Keywords: CNV repeats, SCID, Artemis deficiency, Lymphocyte subset analysis, Immunoglobulins.
Frequency Of Post-Partum Haemorrhage In Obese Patients
Authors: Aslam Rakhshanda , Shahid Ayesha , Tahir Noreen , Nadeem Ammarah , Nasreen Tahira , Saleem Anisa
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study will help to establish a true frequency of PPH in obesity, which will allow us to serve as a basis for future research, as well as the possibility for the requirement of intervention or at least increased vigilance in obese patients which will help to reduce morbidity, mortality, and financial costs. This study aims to determine the frequency of post-partum haemorrhage in patients who are obese.
Methods: This study is conducted in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, at PAF Hospital, Islamabad. The duration of this study was 6 months, from Dec 2022 to June 2023. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study; the sample size was 100 patients. All participants were evaluated with a thorough medical history and clinical examination on enrolment. Their BMI was calculated by using a standard measuring tape and Medica plus DT-916 weighing scale. Blood loss after delivery was measured as per operational definition.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 27 years with SD ± 8.81. 9% of the patients had post-partum haemorrhage while 91% of patients didn’t have post-partum haemorrhage (PPH).
Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of post-partum haemorrhage was 9% in patients who are obese, so it is not considered a key factor for PPH.
 Keywords: post-partum haemorrhage, obese, BMI., risk assessment, uterine haemorrhage
Intraoperative Localization Of The Marginal Mandibular Nerve In The Pakistani Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rehman Mishal , Ibrahim Muhammad Wasim , Hanif Maidah
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the proximity of the marginal mandibular nerve to the lower border of the mandible in the Pakistani population, in comparison with previous studies to reduce the risk of inadvertent nerve damage during surgical interventions.
Methods: A total of 60 patients in the age range between the second & sixth decade requiring incision in the submandibular region were selected. Intraoperative identification of the nerve followed by measurement of its lowest point from the inferior border of the mandible was done. A total of 45 distinct nerves were recognized. Measurements on both the left and right sides were taken and compared with each other. The association of nerve position with the age of the patients was distinguished.
Results: A total of 45 nerves were identified. The average position of the Marginal Mandibular Nerve was determined to be 11.75 mm below the inferior border of the mandible. There was no significant difference between the left and right sides and about age.
Conclusion: The inferior border of the mandible is where the Marginal Mandibular Nerve is situated, consistent with prior research. There is no significant variation between the left and right sides. The position of the nerve is not affected by age as there is no association detected between the position of the nerve and age. The placement of an incision by previous recommendations of one finger breadth below the inferior border of the mandible can be used in the Pakistani population to avoid iatrogenic damage to the marginal mandibular nerve, leading to lesser complications and distress to the patient.
Keywords:  Marginal mandibular branch, facial nerve, mandible, Injury.
Effect Of Nutritional Status On The Surgical Patients Using Subjective Global Assessment
Authors: Malik Tahir Ali Mabroor , Akhtar Fahad , Farrukh Kanza , Arslan Muhammad , Sakhizada Fahim , Waqar S.H.
Published: February 2025

Objective: To assess the effects of nutritional status on surgical patients using a Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) scale
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, PIMS Islamabad from March 2022 to February 2024. All admitted patients in the ward were recruited by convenient sampling during the study period. All demographic data and clinical histories were recorded including SGA category, gender, age, surgical site infection, length of hospital stay and death. SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics like mean with standard deviation (SD) and frequency (percentages) were used to analyze the collected data. Inferential statistics were also used for the comparison of study variables according to the SGA category.
Results: A total of 1227 patients were included. The mean age of the patients was 41.98±16.82 years, with 744(60.6%) males and 483(39.4%) females. SGA ratings showed that 892(72.2%) patients fell in category A (well nourished), 333(27.1%) in B (mild/moderately malnourished), and 02(0.2%) in C (severely malnourished). The impact of SGA rating on gender distribution and management was non-significant as p-values were p=0.141 and p=0.158 respectively. The areas where significant impact (p<0.05) was seen were surgical site infection, deaths, age and length of hospital stay. An increased number of surgical site infections, longer hospital stays and more deaths were observed in mild/moderately or severely malnourished patients as compared to well-nourished patients.
Conclusion: Malnourished patients have longer duration of hospitalization and those who have undergone surgery have higher wound infection rates.
Keywords: Nutritional status, Surgical Site Infection, Hospital Stay.
Navigating The Landscape Of Innovation & Entrepreneurship In Pakistan: A Review
Authors: Hanif Muhammad Iftikhar , Butt Asif Maqsood , Asif Omaima
Published: February 2025

This article's abstract explores the concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship and how they work together to promote economic progress. Despite its challenges, Pakistan may prosper in these fields thanks to its large and growing market, skilled labour force, and supportive political environment. However, for innovation and entrepreneurship to live up to their potential, several problems need to be resolved, including bureaucracy and corruption, poor intellectual property protection, inadequate research and development, and limited access to capital.
In the medical device industry, innovation and entrepreneurship may drive progress as new technologies and opportunities for expansion and improvement can be developed. Getting finance, negotiating legal and regulatory environments, managing new trends and technologies, The potential for coordinated effort and organisation, and laying the basis for a flourishing enterprising biological system in Pakistan are points shrouded in this article. The article makes various significant proposals for Pakistani entrepreneurs who must work on their odds of coming out on top, including making a strong marketable strategy, finding finance sources, interfacing with others and cooperating, using innovation, and being versatile. Pakistan can lead the way nearby for advancement and business, setting the way for monetary development and improvement, with continuous endeavours and participation.
Keywords: Innovation, Entrepreneurship, Economic growth, venture, Value, Workforce,  Research and development, Medical device, Networking, Technology, Adaptability, Success.
Mobile-Based Decision Support System for Recommending Tourism Attraction Using MAGIQ-ARAS Methodology
Authors: Mahendra Gede Surya , Wiradika I Nyoman Indhi
Published: February 2025

Tourism in Bali faces challenges such as overcrowding, poor management, and diverse visitor preferences, which hinder effective decision-making for tourist destinations. This study introduces an Android-based DSS using the MAGIQ-ARAS. The MAGIQ method simplifies the weighting process, while the ARAS method evaluates alternatives to produce utility-based rankings. Together, MAGIQ-ARAS provide a structured approach for generating tourist recommendations tailored to user preferences. The research follows a combination of the CRISP-DM framework for data preparation and the Waterfall Model for system development. Field studies, interviews, and literature reviews informed the design of a mobile application that integrates MAGIQ and ARAS. Black-box testing verified functionality, and accuracy testing using a confusion matrix evaluated the alignment between recommendations and user preferences. The results demonstrate the system's effectiveness, achieving 90% accuracy in matching recommendations with user preferences. Black-box testing confirmed that all features, including preference weighting and interactive navigation, operated as intended. The system simplifies MCDM and enhances user satisfaction through its efficient and user-friendly interface. The study concludes that the MAGIQ-ARAS-based mobile application offers a reliable solution for tourist recommendations. Future work should explore real-time data integration and expand application to other tourism regions to enhance adaptability and usability.
Decision Support System for Laptop Selection Recommendations Using the Weigted Product (WP) Method
Authors: Muris Anggeraeni Agustin , Dapiokta Jum , Wijaya Johan Eka , Yunarti Yelmi , Kuswanto Joko
Published: February 2025

The many types of specifications, colors and brands of laptops are complicated and confusing for ordinary people who are going to buy laptops. The reason is, there are many variants of laptops on the market with different specifications. To help potential consumers in choosing a laptop that suits their needs, a decision support system (SPK) is needed that can provide the most appropriate laptop recommendations. This study discusses the decision support system for laptop selection recommendations using the Weighted Product (WP) method. This method is used to help consumers choose a laptop that suits their needs based on predetermined criteria, such as processor, RAM, Storage, and Price. After a search of the vector to get the ranking, the largest vector value of 0.124 was obtained on Sony, Appel, and Dell Alternatives to be recommended in the selection of laptops. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the decision support system (SPK) with the Weighted Product (WP) method can provide laptop recommendations that suit the needs of users. This research provides benefits for users in choosing the right laptop that suits their needs. In addition, this research can also be the basis for the development of a decision support system for the selection of laptops or computers in other fields.
Implementation of Android-Based Learning Media in ICT Subject for Grade VII at SMP Negeri 11 OKU
Authors: Sutiono Edi , Joko Kuswanto  , Devana Trisilia
Published: February 2025

The learning process in schools is often less interesting because the methods used tend to be conventional and less relevant to the learning style of the current digital generation. Therefore, innovative learning media that can support the learning process is needed, one of which is android-based. This research aims to develop android-based learning multimedia in grade VII ICT subjects at SMP Negeri 11 OKU. The research method used is development research with the ADDIE model approach. Based on the several stages of testing carried out, data was obtained of 100% for its appearance or function and data on student responses were obtained of 83.4% with very good criteria. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that multimedia learning is feasible and can be used as an alternative media during the learning process. The existence of android-based learning multimedia can motivate students to learn and enable students to learn independently according to their abilities anywhere and anytime.
Revolutionizing Technology Education with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hakimi Musawer , Zarinkhail Mohammad Shuaib , Ghafory Hamayoon , Hamidi Shir Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Machine learning and artificial intelligence in education will help to personalize the student learning process, reduce the time wastage in imploding administration systems, and innovate teaching methods. The article reports the findings of a study on the effects of these technologies on the educational systems of application, benefits, and challenges and looks forward to the implications. This has been realized through a systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports, and policy documents published between 2021 and 2024. Results show great benefits, including enhanced personalized learning experiences and administrative efficiencies, but also highlight several challenges, such as equitable access, data privacy, and the need for professional development of educators. Rather, this research outlines the imperatives that there is a need to address challenges for the realization of the potential of AI and ML in education. The paper makes recommendations for key stakeholders and points out areas for possible future research to guide sustainable and ethical integration into educational systems. Further research should be done to understand whether these technologies affect student outcomes in the long term and are applicable with the same efficacy in other cultural and socioeconomic contexts.
Sistem Informasi Pengaduan dan Pendataan Masyarakat Kepada Warga RW 10 Kampung Cijagra
Authors: Alwan Haikal H. , Putra Bob Byan Handoko , Azka Fadhlan M. , Ady P. Alfalery , Ali G. M. Rangga , Firdaus Diash
Published: February 2025

Sistem pengaduan dan pendataan masyarakat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi serta transparansi dalam pengelolaan data warga dan penanganan aduan di RW 10 Kampung Cijagra. Saat ini, proses manual masih menjadi kendala, menyebabkan keterlambatan dalam pencatatan data dan penanganan keluhan warga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem berbasis web yang dapat mencatat data warga secara akurat dan menangani pengaduan dengan lebih sistematis. Metode yang digunakan mencakup analisis kebutuhan, desain sistem, implementasi menggunakan framework Laravel 11 dan PHP 8.2, serta pengujian fungsionalitas sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem ini mampu menyimpan data kependudukan dengan baik, menyediakan fitur pengaduan yang transparan, serta meningkatkan responsivitas pengurus RW dalam menangani keluhan masyarakat. Kesimpulannya, sistem yang dikembangkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi administrasi serta menjadi solusi digital yang dapat diadopsi di wilayah lain dengan kebutuhan serupa.
Microbiome and Cancer in the Oral Cavity: A Bioinformatics Perspective
Authors:   Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong St.,, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, Lin Yu-Cheng , Wang Ding-Han , Yang Cheng-Chieh , Hsu Ming-Lun
Published: February 2025

The relationship between microbiome and cancer in the oral cavity has been under intense scrutiny over the past decade due to the advancement in next-generation sequencing. However, rapid accumulation of sequencing data may yield more questions than answers. Although such inconclusiveness can be attributed to the heterogeneous nature of biological phenomena, inconsistency in complex bioinformatics analysis may also play a role. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive and concise overview of common bioinformatics analysis processes used in microbiome studies focusing on 16S rDNA sequencing. By taking this bioinformatics perspective as a conceptual framework, we further discussed the consistency and discrepancies among numerous studies on the relationship between oral microbiome and oral cancer. This review aims to elucidate the bioinformatics methodologies and their impact on the current understanding of the oral microbiome's role in cancer development.

Keywords: Oral cavity, Bioinformatics, Microbiome
Condiciones de higiene para evitar contaminaci�n en los pasos de la producci�n de Beauveria bassiana en la finca
Authors:   Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Caf�
Published: February 2025

Emplee agua potable y hi�rvala durante 30 minutos para preparar los medios de cultivo. Utilice botellas muy bien lavadas con detergente e hipoclorito de sodio diluido en proporci�n de 1 tapa del frasco por un balde de agua. Luego de sacarlas de la suspensi�n de hipoclorito tiene que dejarlas escurrir y secar al aire. Antes de manipular cualquier material, l�vese bien las manos con agua y jab�n.
Reserva Forestal Protectora Planalto; punto de conservación e investigación
Authors: Ramírez-Cardona Carlos Augusto
Published: February 2025

La Reserva Forestal Protectora Planalto, está ubicada en los Andes tropicales, declarados como una de las 15 áreas prioritarias para la conservación a nivel mundial. Planalto fue declarada área de protección mediante el acuerdo 024 de 2004 de la Corporación Autónoma Regional de Caldas – Corpocaldas, y es uno de los últimos relictos boscosos en la zona de Bosque Muy Húmedo Premontano. La reserva es un área destinada a la protección de la biodiversidad, los recursos naturales y la investigación científica. Comprende 93 hectáreas, situada entre 1.300 y 1.605 metros sobre el nivel del mar, refugio para la biodiversidad, albergando diversas especies de aves, endémicas y migratorias, mamíferos, plantas e insectos. En este seminario se socializarán los resultados generales de las caracterizaciones obtenidas de flora y fauna, resaltando su importancia y la de las actividades que realiza Cenicafé en pro de la conservación biológica.
GENDER INFLUENCE AND THE CHOICE OF UPWARD INFLUENCE STRATEGY AMONG EMPLOYEES OF WINESTORES IN BAYELSA AND DELTA STATES, NIGERIA
Authors: Alex Obaro Ubiebor, , Eromafuru Prof. E.G. , Demaki Prof. G.O. , Tomisin Mayowa John-Usiefe
Published: February 2025

The study conducted an exploration into gender influence on the upward influence strategies within employees of winestores in the Bayelsa and Delta States of Nigeria. Throughout the research, three distinct questions were asked which led to the formulate three hypotheses, employing a descriptive research design to solicit the opinions of respondents. With a target population of 600 firms within the Nigerian Winestores in Bayelsa and Delta State, a sample size of 292 was meticulously obtained from Taro Yamane’s tool, using proportionate sampling techniques. To gather data, a well thought out structured questionnaire, validated by experts in the field of Business Management, was employed and rigorously tested for reliability, achieving a commendable Cronbach alpha of 0.817, ensuring its suitability for the study. This instrument was then administered to 292 staff respondents from 58 Winestores situated in Bayelsa and Delta States region of Nigeria, yielding 211 adequately completed questionnaires, which formed the basis for subsequent analysis. Utilizing mean and standard deviation, the data collected from respondents underwent thorough analysis, complemented by the application of ANOVA analysis SPSS v25 to carefully test the formulated hypotheses. The results revealed that there is a significant gender difference in the preference for relationship-building strategies among employees of Winestores in Bayelsa and Delta States, Nigeria; There is a significant gender difference in the utilization of assertive communication as an upward influence strategy among employees of Winestores in Bayelsa and Delta States, Nigeria; and There is significant gender difference in the adoption of collaborative approaches for upward influence among employees of Winestores in Bayelsa and Delta States, Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study recommended among others the Adapt training programs to encompass diverse communication styles, addressing gender-specific preferences in relationship-building, assertive communication, and collaborative approaches among winestore employees.
EXPLORING THE ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM OF MUSLIM WOMEN: A SWOT ANALYSIS IN THE EVOLVING ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND POLITICAL CONTEXTS
Authors: Haque Md Faizul , Sah Dr. Suresh
Published: February 2025

Entrepreneurship plays a vital role in driving economic growth and fostering social development, yet the participation of marginalized groups, particularly Muslim women, remains underexplored. This study examines the entrepreneurial ecosystem of Muslim women, focusing on their strengths, challenges, opportunities, and threats within the rapidly evolving economic, social, and political landscape. The problem stems from systemic barriers such as financial exclusion, socio-religious discrimination, and limited policy representation, which hinder their entrepreneurial endeavors despite their resilience and cultural adaptability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the entrepreneurial journey of Muslim women through a SWOT analysis framework to provide actionable insights for stakeholders, including policymakers, educators, and entrepreneurs. This study utilizes secondary data from scholarly articles, government reports, and documented case studies to categorize factors influencing entrepreneurship into strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The principal results reveal that while Muslim women entrepreneurs demonstrate strong cultural resilience, community support, and increasing access to education, they face significant barriers such as limited financial resources, restrictive social norms, and inadequate representation in policymaking. On the other hand, digital platforms, global movements for diversity and inclusion, and supportive government policies offer promising opportunities for growth. However, socio-political instability, global competition, and resistance from conservative factions pose persistent threats. The major conclusions suggest that targeted interventions, including inclusive policies, entrepreneurial education, and leveraging digital technologies, are essential to empowering Muslim women entrepreneurs. By addressing these challenges and capitalizing on opportunities, their contributions to economic development and social equity can be significantly enhanced. This study underscores the need for a nuanced understanding of the interplay between economic, social, and political factors shaping their entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Numerators in Parametric Representations of Feynman Diagrams
Authors:   Sorbonne Universite, France, Bellon Marc P.
Published: February 2025

The parametric representation has been used since a long time for the evaluation of Feynman diagrams. As a dimension independent intermediate representation, it allows a clear description of singularities. Recently, it has become a choice tool for the investigation of the type of transcendent numbersappearing in the evaluation of Feynman diagrams. The inclusion of numerators has however stagnated since the ground work of Nakanishi. I here show howto greatly simplify the formulas through the use of Dodgson identities. In the massless case in particular, reduction to the completion to a vacuum graph allows for a strong reduction of the maximal power of the Symanzik polynomial in the denominator.
Recognition and optimization of landscape genes in traditional settlements: a case of Meishan area
Authors: Xia Huasha , Chen Feihu
Published: February 2025

Traditional settlement landscapes provide vital ecosystem services and represent significant cultural heritage, making their preservation crucial for national cultural development and rural revitalization. This study focuses on Meicheng Town in the Meishan area, utilizing landscape gene theory to classify and identify cultural landscape features. By integrating the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation (FCE), the study develops a landscape gene sorting index system, systematically evaluating 16 sub-categories of landscape factors. The results highlight topography and building decoration as dominant features that should be prioritized for preservation. However, areas such as building materials, traditional culture, and folk customs require significant improvement. Additionally, the river and road landscapes present opportunities for enhancement to strengthen the town’s cultural identity and aesthetic quality. The study provides practical recommendations for optimizing Meicheng Town’s landscape, balancing the preservation of traditional elements with modern development needs. This approach addresses gaps in the literature on settlement landscape genes and offers strategies for sustainable rural cultural landscape development.
An assessment of an urban protected area through a space syntax approach: the case of Ordu, Turkiye
Authors: Karabork Rabia Nurefsan , Yesil Pervin , Yesil Murat
Published: February 2025

Traditional architecture, preserved and integrated into urban life, has the potential to become a point of attraction for cities and contribute to their image. The aim of this study is to analyse the configurational characteristics of the urban conservation area and its immediate surroundings, which constitute the historical core of the city of Ordu, and the general condition of the registered architectural examples in the area. The evaluations of the spatial configuration are based on the analyses of connectivity, global and local integration, which are the basic parameters of the spatial sequence method. As a result of the study, it can be seen that the two main traffic arteries of the area, Sıtkı Can Street and Dr Osman Hilmi Memecan Street, have the highest sequence values. Although it can be seen that Sıtkı Can Street, one of these traffic arteries, is more advantageous than other streets in terms of the registered civil architecture stock in the area, it is important that restoration processes should be implemented as soon as possible in order to ensure structural and historical continuity and not to lose the registered civil architecture examples located in different parts of the study area.
Synthetic Modeling of Polarized Dust Emission in Intermediate-mass YSOs. I. Constraining the Role of Iron Inclusions and Inelastic Relaxation on Grain Alignment with ALMA Polarization
Authors: Giang Nguyen Chau , Le Gouellec V. J. M. , Hoang Thiem , Maury A. J. , Hennebelle P.
Published: February 2025

Iron inclusions embedded inside dust grains play a crucial role in both internal alignment (IA) via Barnett relaxation and external alignment via the MAgnetically Enhanced RAdiative Torque (MRAT) mechanism. Moreover, inelastic relaxation is predicted to dominate over Barnett relaxation in driving the IA of micron-sized grains and very large grains (VLGs) above 10 μm. Yet, a detailed modeling of polarized thermal dust emission from Class 0/I young stellar objects (YSOs) taking into account these effects and their observational constraints is still lacking. In this paper, we update the POLARIS code and use it to perform synthetic dust polarization modeling for MHD simulations of an intermediate-mass YSOs. Results will be post-processed with CASA to confront Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) polarimetric observations. We found that to reproduce the high polarization degree of p ∼ 5%–30% observed in protostellar envelopes by ALMA, micron-sized grains and VLGs must contain iron inclusions with N
cl ∼ 5–103 iron atoms per cluster, assuming 30% of iron abundance locked inside dust grains under the cluster form. Inside the inner ∼500 au region, inelastic relaxation must participate in driving the grain IA, and grains must contain larger iron inclusions of N
cl ∼ 102–104 and grow beyond ≥10 μm to reproduce ∼3%–10% of dust polarization observed by ALMA. But given such a combination, the IA and MRAT efficiency acting on VLGs still decreases toward the center, inducing the decrease of p(%) with increasing gas density, reaching p ∼ 1% inside the disk.
Cluster Candidates with Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z ∼ 2
Authors: Kiyota Tomokazu , Ando Makoto , Tanaka Masayuki , Finoguenov Alexis , Ali Sadman Shariar , Coupon Jean , Desprez Guillaume , Gwyn Stephen , Sawicki Marcin , Shimakawa Rhythm
Published: February 2025

Galaxy clusters are crucial to understanding the role of the environment in galaxy evolution. However, due to their rarity, only a limited number of clusters have been identified at z ≳ 2. In this paper, we report a discovery of seven cluster candidates with massive quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 2 in the 3.5 deg2 area of the XMM Large Scale Structure field, roughly doubling the known cluster sample at this frontier redshift if confirmed. We construct a photometric redshift catalog based on deep (i ∼ 26, K
s ∼ 24) multiwavelength photometry from the u* band to the K band gathered from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program and other collaborative/public surveys. We adopt a Gaussian kernel density estimate with two different spatial scales (10″ and 60″) to draw a density map of massive (

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(12%) than the field (2%), which implies the ongoing star formation quenching. The quiescent fraction in the cluster candidates also exceeds that in the field. We confirm that the excess of a quiescent fraction is larger for higher-mass galaxies. This is the first statistical evidence for the mass-dependent environmental quenching at work in clusters even at z ∼ 2.
The Timing and Spectral Properties of the 2022 Outburst of SGR J1935+2154 Observed with NICER
Authors: Yu-Cong Fu , Lin Lin , Ming-Yu Ge , Teruaki Enoto , Chin-Ping Hu , George Younes , Ersin Göǧüş , Christian Malacaria
Published: February 2025

The magnetar SGR J1935+2154 entered a new active episode on 2022 October 10, with X-ray bursts and enhanced persistent emission. At the tail of a high burst rate interval, lasting several hours, radio bursts were detected, revealing the connection between the X-ray activities and radio emissions. We analyzed observations of SGR J1935+2154 for nearly 3 months, using data from the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer. We report the timing and spectral results following the onset of this outburst. In general, the X-ray flux of the persistent emission decays exponentially. While a flare is evident on the light curve, a fast radio burst (FRB) was detected immediately following the peak of this flare. We found a phase jump in the pulse profile, with a deviation of a 0.16 ± 0.03 phase, which is related to the glitch. The spectra are well fit with the combination of a blackbody and a power-law (PL) model. The decay of the outburst is dominated by the drop in the nonthermal component, which also leads to an increase in thermal proportion. The photon index of the PL is inversely correlated with both the unabsorbed flux and the burst rate. We find that unlike the large variety of the persistent emission around FRB 221014, the X-ray properties are very stable when FRBs 221021 and 221201 happened. These results manifest the connection between the glitch, phase jump, X-ray burst, and radio burst, crucial for studying the mutation in twisted magnetic fields and constraining the trigger mechanism of radio bursts.
Delay of Near-relativistic Electrons with Respect to Type III Radio Bursts throughout the Inner Heliosphere
Authors: Mitchell J. G. , Christian E. R. , de Nolfo G. A. , Cohen C. M. S. , Hill M. E. , Kouloumvakos A. , Labrador A. W. , Leske R. A. , McComas D. J. , McNutt R. L. , Mitchell D. G. , Shen M. , Schwadron N. A. , Wiedenbeck M. E. , Bale S. D. , Pulupa M.
Published: February 2025

Energetic electrons accelerated by solar eruptive events are frequently observed to have inferred injection times that appear significantly delayed with respect to electromagnetic emission including type III radio bursts. This is noteworthy because type III radio emission is produced by streaming suprathermal electrons, and thus this observed delay implies either a delayed injection/release of higher-energy electrons, compared with the suprathermal population, and/or a delay of the electrons observed in situ in transit through the interplanetary medium. A number of studies have investigated these delays with spacecraft located at 1 au. In this study, we examine energetic electron onsets and type III radio bursts observed by the Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun (IS⊙IS) and the FIELDS Radio Frequency Spectrometer instrument on Parker Solar Probe at a variety of heliocentric distances. With these observations, we can uniquely decouple the effects of acceleration and transport and shed light on the source of these delays. We present a survey of electron events observed by IS⊙IS within the first ∼6 yr of the mission, including their delays with respect to type III emission between ∼0.1 and 0.8 au. These results suggest that energetic electron delays with respect to type III radio bursts are not purely produced by a delayed injection/release as has been suggested, implying that transport processes play a role.
The Hobby–Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment Survey (HETDEX) Active Galactic Nuclei Catalog: The Fourth Data Release
Authors: Liu Chenxu , Gebhardt Karl , Mentuch Cooper Erin , Davis Dustin , Schneider Donald P. , Jarvis Matt J. , Farrow Daniel J. , Finkelstein Steven L. , Chávez Ortiz Óscar A. ,   The HETDEX Collaboration
Published: February 2025

We present the active galactic nuclei (AGN) catalog from the fourth data release (HDR4) of the Hobby–Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment Survey (HETDEX). HETDEX is an untargeted spectroscopic survey. HDR4 contains 345,874 Integral Field Unit observations from 2017 January to 2023 August covering an effective area of 62.9 deg2. With no imaging preselection, our spectroscopic confirmed AGN sample includes low-luminosity AGN, narrow-line AGN, and/or red AGN down to g ∼ 25. This catalog has 15,940 AGN across the redshifts of z = 0.1 ∼ 4.6, giving a raw AGN number density of 253.4 deg−2. Among them, 10,499 (66%) have redshifts either confirmed by line pairs or matched to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog. For the remaining 5441 AGN, 2083 are single broad-line AGN candidates, while the remaining 3358 are single intermediate broad-line (full width at half-maximum, FWHM ∼1200 km s−1) AGN candidates. A total of 4060 (39%) of the 10,499 redshift-confirmed AGN have emission-line regions 3σ more extended than the image quality, which could be strong outflows blowing into the outskirts of the host galaxies or ionized intergalactic medium.
Three Worlds in One: Venus as a Natural Laboratory for the Effect of Rotation Period on Atmospheric Circulation
Authors: Cohen Maureen , Holmes James , Lewis Stephen , Patel Manish , Lebonnois Sébastien
Published: February 2025

Because of its rotation period of 243 days, Venus is considered a slowly rotating planet. However, its persistent superrotating atmospheric jets, which increase in speed from surface to cloud tops, effectively set a faster rotation speed than the surface rotation. Using the Venus Planetary Climate Model and wind measurements taken by the Pioneer Venus entry probes, we show that the Rossby radius of deformation of the atmosphere varies with height. The atmosphere falls into three circulation regimes: (1) from the surface to 20 km, the Rossby radius of deformation exceeds the planetary radius and no Rossby waves form; (2) from 20 to 50 km, the tropical Rossby radius becomes smaller than the planetary radius, and a circulation regime characterized by a superrotating equatorial jet and mid-latitude Rossby gyres appears; (3) from 50 to 70 km, the extratropical Rossby radius becomes smaller than the planetary radius, the jet develops mid-latitude maxima, and the Rossby gyres shift to high latitudes. Studies of exoplanetary circulation regimes as a function of rotation period have repeatedly shown a similar progression. While observing the circulations of exoplanets to confirm these predictions is not currently possible, the presence of different circulation regimes on Venus and their dependence on altitude could be tested by observing campaigns. Such evidence would be the first observational support for the theory connecting differences in planetary rotation periods to circulation regime transitions and would ground predictions of exoplanet circulations in a validated framework.
Microbial diversity of the Veryovkina cave after the 2018 flood
Authors: Hodzhev Yordan , Zhelyazkova Violeta , Toshkova Nia , Tsafarova Borislava , Panaiotov Stefan , Stoev Pavel
Published: February 2025

The Veryovkina Cave, located in the Abkhazia region, is the world’s deepest known cave (approximately 2204 m) and hosts unique microbial ecosystems. Following a major flood in 2018, this study explored the impact on microbial diversity using 16S rRNA gene sequencing across ten sampling sites (A1–A10), for which a negative control was used. The ten samples were classified into "Upper," "Medium," and "Deeper" regions, with sediment types, moisture levels, and post-flood human access recorded to provide ecological context. 43,195 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, with an average yield of 284.18 per sample.

Sites such as A2 (Oiylia pass, - 350 m, wet clay, no human visits) and A10 (Captain Nemoisto’s last stand - 2204 m, dry silt with human visits) were practically sterile, suggesting they were most severely impacted by the 2018 flood. The flood likely disrupted the ecosystem in these locations, flushing away most of the resident microbial diversity and leaving behind a biologically impoverished environment. In contrast, neighboring sites A4 (Pink meander, - 1100 m, wet clay, with human visits), place with a least human impact and A9 (Captain Nemoisto’s last stand, - 2200 m, dry sand, no visits after the flood) exhibited the highest microbial abundance, suggesting these sites retained a microbiota state closer to pre-flood conditions. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were identified as key drivers of biogeochemical cycling within the cave ecosystem. Proteobacteria, known for their metabolic versatility, play a central role in organic matter decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and sulfur cycling. Acidobacteria often coexist with Proteobacteria, supporting interdependent microbial interactions influenced by nutrient availability and pH. Together, these phyla form the backbone of the microbial ecosystem, facilitating nutrient recycling and maintaining ecological balance.

The study underscores the ecological significance of microbial diversity in Veryovkina Cave, emphasizing the role of key phyla in maintaining ecosystem function and adapting to environmental disturbances such as flooding. This research serves as a foundation for further exploration of microbial life in deep subterranean ecosystems.
Romanske izposojenke v poljedelski terminologiji Slovenske Istre
Authors: Cossutta Rada
Published: February 2025

Gradivo, ki ga avtorica v tem prispevku etimološko utemeljuje z vidika romanizmov v poljedeljskem izrazju govorov Slovenske Istre, je kratek povzetek njene doktorske disertacije z naslovom Poljedelska in vinogradniška terminologija v govorih Slovenske istre. Namen razprave je ugotoviti tokove istrske romanizacije in začrtati jezikovno podobo tega ozemlja.
Early Slovene Pioneers of Comparative Slavonic Philology
Authors: Leeming Henry
Published: February 2025

Žiga Popovič (1705–1774) was a dedicated polymath and unusually gifted linguist, with a particular interest in comparative Slavonic philology, and an unfulfilled ambition to make a complete survey od Slavonic dialects from the Adriatic to the Black Sea. He insisted on the importance for comparative and historical studies of the Slavonic evidence: a word, lost in Greek, might survive in Slavonic. The principle is sound, although the examples offered may be suspect. Popovič gathered materials for an etymological dictionary of Slovene, incidentally employing new characters in what amounted to a reform of the alphabet. Although occasionally misled into traditional derivations from Greek of Hebrew, he showed himself capable of applying sound etymological principles.
Suggested by phonetic resemblance and tolerant of multiple solutions, much of the etymological information in Marko Pohlin’s (1735–1801) Glossarium Slavicum is invalid, though not without interest for its rationalising and even moralising tendencies. The great pedagogue himself admits his shortcomings as an etymologist.
Kategorialne pomenske lastnosti in tipologiziranje slovarske večpomenskosti
Authors: Snoj Jerica
Published: February 2025

Kategorialni slovarski pomen je poleg denotativnega pomena prepoznan kot obvezna samostojna sestavina slovarskega pomena. Definiran je kot zbir kategorialnih pomenskih sestavin, obstoječih kot npr. lastnost spola pri samostalniku, vida pri glagolu ipd. Tako definiran kategorialni pomen omogoča, da se kot merilo za tipologiziranje slovarske večpomenskosti upoštevajo spremembe na ravni vsebovanih kategorialnih pomenskih sestavin pri motiviranjsko povezanih pomenih večpomenskega leksema (npr. Po {števno+) + Pm {števno-)). V sestavku predstavljena tovrstna tipologizacija samostalniškega gradiva se omejuje na upoštevanje dveh kategorialnih pomenskih lastnosti: števnosti in človeškosti.