bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Different Construction Methods on Lateral Displacement of Diaphragm Walls in Large-Scale Unsupported Deep Excavation
Authors: Chiu Hao-Wei , Hsu Chia-Feng , Tsai Fu-Huan , Chen Shong-Loong
Published: December 2023

This study examines the influence of different construction methods on the lateral displacement of diaphragm walls in large-scale, unsupported deep excavations. Using the three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) with PLAXIS 3D 2017 software, the research assesses how varying construction techniques impact wall stability, particularly in proximity to sensitive structures like metro systems. The project uniquely integrates peripheral top-down and central bottom-up approaches to minimize environmental disruption. Key focus areas include the roles of back-pull slabs, zoned excavation, and cross walls in reducing wall deformation. Findings reveal that zoned excavation significantly controls lateral displacement on longer site sides, enhancing adjacent structure safety and overall construction integrity. Back-pull slabs are shown to effectively decrease top wall deformation, thereby increasing structural stiffness. Moreover, despite their considerable length (nearly 60 m), cross walls play a crucial role in controlling lateral deformation along the excavation’s length. These insights offer valuable guidance for future projects, especially in regions like Taiwan, where experience with such large-scale, unsupported excavations is limited.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Strengthening Prestressed Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Different Techniques
Authors: Eisa Ahmed S. , Kotrasova Kamila , Sabol Peter , Mihaliková Mária , Attia Mohamed G.
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the static response of prestressed reinforced concrete beams strengthened in their flexure and shear properties using different strengthening techniques, steel plates, and externally bonded woven carbon fiber fabric (WCFF). The experimental work involved testing twenty large-scale prestressed reinforced concrete beams with a length of 3000 mm, and cross-sections measuring 400 mm in height and 200 mm in breadth were cast in the factory and tested in the laboratory. Four beams without prestressing served as the reference beams; two unbonded pre-tensioned beams served as the control beams, and the remaining fourteen beams were strengthened with steel plates and externally bonded woven carbon fiber fabric (WCFF). Eight of the beams were strengthened with 4 mm thick steel plates and tested under a monotonically increasing load with manual readings recorded. The remaining six beams were strengthened with 0.5 mm thick WCFF and tested under a monotonically increasing load with manual readings recorded. The variables considered included the strengthening techniques (FRP composite sheets, steel plates), the types of strengthening (slices, U-shaped), and the flexural and shear capacities of the strengthened beams. All the implemented strengthening techniques yielded enhancements in both the flexural and shear strength outcomes of the beams compared to their respective controls. The most significant increase in load capacity, whether in terms of ultimate load or first crack load, for the prestressed concrete beams’ flexure properties occurred when strengthening with U-shaped steel plates. Additionally, the greatest reduction in deflection at the point of reaching the maximum load for the prestressed concrete beams, in terms of their flexure properties, was observed when strengthening with U-shaped steel plates. Similarly, the maximum load increase for the prestressed concrete beams, in terms of their shear properties, was achieved through strengthening with U-shaped woven carbon fiber fabric wrapping. Furthermore, a finite element model was created to simulate various experimental specimens. The finite element model’s results exhibited harmony with the experimental results, affirming the efficacy of the presented finite element model.
A Comprehensive Approach to Capturing the Impact and Identifying Countermeasures of the COVID-19 Pandemic at Construction Sites in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Jang Jae-Ho , Hong Rong-Lu , Lee Kyung-Tae , Kim Ju-Hyung
Published: December 2023

From cost and management perspectives, the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 and the subsequent countermeasures adversely affected labor-intensive construction companies owing to the restrictive guidelines. Following a systematic literature review, this study developed a theoretical framework to assess the impacts of COVID-19 and its countermeasures on construction sites. Based on a developed framework reflecting abroad cases, we explored the Republic of Korea (ROK) situation. Questionnaires were utilized to detect this impact, and were then analyzed using the relative importance index. Through interviews with site managers in the ROK, combined with text-mining and network analysis, this study aimed to pinpoint effective countermeasures and validate the framework. Results revealed that despite policy changes, construction sites in the ROK were not seriously affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, while foreign investment remained steady owing to robust financial contracts, labor shortages and cooperative challenges hindered productivity. Additionally, beyond telecommuting and inspections, changing hygiene regulations prompted the adoption of smart technologies. Further, site managers requested the optimization of worker management and smart systems with governance, hygiene, and quarantine policies. Although impacts from other countries have been studied, the experiences of industries in the ROK remain unanalyzed. In addition, the existing literature has only examined the economic viability of the construction industry; therefore, this study assessed the impacts and countermeasures of COVID-19 from the perspective of managers using a unified theoretical framework.
Comprehensive Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Application of Foam and Extruded Polystyrene in the Railway Substructure
Authors: Ižvolt Libor , Kardoš Ján , Dobeš Peter , Navikas Deividas
Published: December 2023

This article presents the authors’ comprehensive evaluation of the application of specific foam thermal insulation materials, namely expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS), within railway substructures. The assessment extends to real-world conditions on the tracks of Slovak Railways (ŽSR), which share substantial similarities with other countries’ railway networks. The assessment of structural composition and material selection considers these technical aspects, while technological feasibility and the environmental implications associated with material production, delivery, and incorporation into railway construction do not. Additionally, the thermal insulation materials’ qualities are compared against conventional railway substructure materials. In these conventional setups, the thermal insulation layer often incorporates crushed aggregate of specified fractions and parameters in line with legislative standards. This article complements previous research conducted at the University of Žilina, focusing on the application of various thermal insulation materials within railway substructures. These materials were both experimentally tested (scale of 1:1) and numerically modelled, with results previously published by the authors. The published works detail the utilisation of diverse thermal insulation materials in railway substructures, primarily evaluating two crucial technical parameters: the protection of the subgrade surface against adverse effects of frost and, secondarily, their impact on the deformation resistance of the railway substructure.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy for Lymphoma: New Settings and Future Directions
Authors: Benevolo Savelli Corrado , Clerico Michele , Botto Barbara , Secreto Carolina , Cavallo Federica , Dellacasa Chiara , Busca Alessandro , Bruno Benedetto , Freilone Roberto , Cerrano Marco , Novo Mattia
Published: December 2023

In the last decade, anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy has led to a treatment paradigm shift for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, first with the approval for relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphomas and subsequently for R/R mantle cell and follicular lymphoma. Many efforts are continuously being made to extend the therapeutic setting in the lymphoma field. Several reports are supporting the safety and efficacy of CAR-T cells in patients with central nervous system disease involvement. Anti-CD30 CAR-T cells for the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma are in development and early studies looking for the optimal target for T-cell malignancies are ongoing. Anti-CD19/CD20 and CD19/CD22 dual targeting CAR-T cells are under investigation in order to increase anti-lymphoma activity and overcome tumor immune escape. Allogeneic CAR product engineering is on the way, representing a rapidly accessible ‘off-the-shelf’ and potentially more fit product. In the present manuscript, we will focus on recent advances in CAR-T cell therapy for lymphomas, including new settings and future perspectives in the field, reviewing data reported in literature in the last decade up to October 2023.
miR-410 Is a Key Regulator of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition with Biphasic Role in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Asante Diana M. , Sreekumar Amritha , Nathani Sandip , Lee Tae Jin , Sharma Ashok , Patel Nikhil , Simmons Matthew N. , Saini Sharanjot
Published: December 2023

The molecular basis of prostate cancer (PCa) progression from the primary disease to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) followed by therapy-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer is not fully understood. In this study, we elucidate the role of miR-410, a little-studied microRNA located on chromosome 14q32.31 within the DLK1-DIO3 cluster, in PCa. miR-410 expression analyses in primary and metastatic PCa tissues and cell lines show that its levels are decreased in initial stages and increased in advanced PCa. Functional studies were performed in a series of PCa cell lines. In LNCaP cells, miR-410 overexpression led to decreases in cellular viability, proliferation, invasiveness, and migration. On the other hand, miR-410 overexpression in PC3 and C42B cells led to increased viability, proliferation, and invasiveness. Our data suggest that miR-410 represses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in LNCaP cells by directly repressing SNAIL. However, it promotes EMT and upregulates PI3K/Akt signaling in PC3 and C42B cells. In vivo studies with PC3 xenografts support an oncogenic role of miR-410. These data suggest that miR-410 acts as a tumor suppressor in the initial stages of PCa and play an oncogenic role in advanced PCa. Our findings have important implications in understanding the molecular basis of PCa progression with potential translational implications.
Integration of Computational Docking into Anti-Cancer Drug Response Prediction Models
Authors: Narykov Oleksandr , Zhu Yitan , Brettin Thomas , Evrard Yvonne A. , Partin Alexander , Shukla Maulik , Xia Fangfang , Clyde Austin , Vasanthakumari Priyanka , Doroshow James H. , Stevens Rick L.
Published: December 2023

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease in that tumors of the same histology type can respond differently to a treatment. Anti-cancer drug response prediction is of paramount importance for both drug development and patient treatment design. Although various computational methods and data have been used to develop drug response prediction models, it remains a challenging problem due to the complexities of cancer mechanisms and cancer-drug interactions. To better characterize the interaction between cancer and drugs, we investigate the feasibility of integrating computationally derived features of molecular mechanisms of action into prediction models. Specifically, we add docking scores of drug molecules and target proteins in combination with cancer gene expressions and molecular drug descriptors for building response models. The results demonstrate a marginal improvement in drug response prediction performance when adding docking scores as additional features, through tests on large drug screening data. We discuss the limitations of the current approach and provide the research community with a baseline dataset of the large-scale computational docking for anti-cancer drugs.
Systemic Treatment in Intermediate Stage (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer-B) Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Karagiannakis Dimitrios S.
Published: December 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents an entity of poor prognosis, especially in cases of delayed diagnosis. According to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, patients in BCLC-A are the most suitable for potentially curative treatments (surgery or radiofrequency ablation), whereas those in BCLC-C should be treated only with systemic treatment, as locoregional interventions are ineffective due to the tumor’s extensiveness. For patients in the BCLC-B stage, trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the reference treatment, but the role of systemic treatment has been constantly increasing. As this group of patients is extremely heterogeneous, a case-by-case therapeutic strategy instead of a one-fits-all treatment is certainly required to achieve adequate results against HCC. The decision of selecting among immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), TACE, or a combination of them depends on the patient’s tumor load, the severity of liver dysfunction, the general performance status, and the presence of concomitant extrahepatic diseases. The objective of this review is to critically appraise the recent data regarding the systemic treatment of BCLC-B HCCs, aiming to emphasize its potential role in the management of these difficult-to-treat patients.
Initial Phase of Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity Involves Cardiac Fibroblasts Activation and Metabolic Switch
Authors: Telesca Marialucia , Donniacuo Maria , Bellocchio Gabriella , Riemma Maria Antonietta , Mele Elena , Dell’Aversana Carmela , Sgueglia Giulia , Cianflone Eleonora , Cappetta Donato , Torella Daniele , Altucci Lucia , Castaldo Giuseppe , Rossi Francesco , Berrino Liberato , Urbanek Konrad , De Angelis Antonella
Published: December 2023

The application of doxorubicin (DOX) is hampered by cardiotoxicity, with diastolic dysfunction as the earliest manifestation. Fibrosis leads to impaired relaxation, but the mechanisms that operate shortly after DOX exposure are not clear. We asked whether the activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) anticipates myocardial dysfunction and evaluated the effects of DOX on CF metabolism. CFs were isolated from the hearts of rats after the first injection of DOX. In another experiment, CFs were exposed to DOX in vitro. Cell phenotype and metabolism were determined. Early effects of DOX consisted of diastolic dysfunction and unchanged ejection fraction. Markers of pro-fibrotic remodeling and evidence of CF transformation were present immediately after treatment completion. Oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification revealed an increased metabolic activity of CFs and a switch to glycolytic energy production. These effects were consistent in CFs isolated from the hearts of DOX-treated animals and in naïve CFs exposed to DOX in vitro. The metabolic switch was paralleled with the phenotype change of CFs that upregulated markers of myofibroblast differentiation and the activation of pro-fibrotic signaling. In conclusion, the metabolic switch and activation of CFs anticipate DOX-induced damage and represent a novel target in the early phase of anthracycline cardiomyopathy.
FABP5 Inhibition against PTEN-Mutant Therapy Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: M. Swamynathan Manojit , Mathew Grinu , Aziz Andrei , Gordon Chris , Hillowe Andrew , Wang Hehe , Jhaveri Aashna , Kendall Jude , Cox Hilary , Giarrizzo Michael , Azabdaftari Gissou , Rizzo Robert C. , Diermeier Sarah D. , Ojima Iwao , Bialkowska Agnieszka B. , Kaczocha Martin , Trotman Lloyd C.
Published: December 2023

Resistance to standard of care taxane and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) causes the vast majority of prostate cancer (PC) deaths worldwide. We have developed RapidCaP, an autochthonous genetically engineered mouse model of PC. It is driven by the loss of PTEN and p53, the most common driver events in PC patients with life-threatening diseases. As in human ADT, surgical castration of RapidCaP animals invariably results in disease relapse and death from the metastatic disease burden. Fatty Acid Binding Proteins (FABPs) are a large family of signaling lipid carriers. They have been suggested as drivers of multiple cancer types. Here we combine analysis of primary cancer cells from RapidCaP (RCaP cells) with large-scale patient datasets to show that among the 10 FABP paralogs, FABP5 is the PC-relevant target. Next, we show that RCaP cells are uniquely insensitive to both ADT and taxane treatment compared to a panel of human PC cell lines. Yet, they share an exquisite sensitivity to the small-molecule FABP5 inhibitor SBFI-103. We show that SBFI-103 is well tolerated and can strongly eliminate RCaP tumor cells in vivo. This provides a pre-clinical platform to fight incurable PC and suggests an important role for FABP5 in PTEN-deficient PC.
Optimization of an Open-Cell Foam-Based Ni-Mg-Al Catalyst for Enhanced CO2 Hydrogenation to Methane
Authors: Summa Paulina , Motak Monika , Da Costa Patrick
Published: December 2023

In the presented work, the catalytic performance of a nickel catalyst, in CO2 hydrogenation to methane, within a ZrO2 open-cell foam (OCF)-based catalyst was studied. Two series of analogous samples were prepared and coated with 100–150 mg of a Mg-Al oxide interface to stabilize the formation of well-dispersed Ni crystallites, with 10–15 wt% of nickel as an active phase, based on 30 ppi foam or 45 ppi foam. The main factor influencing catalytic performance was the geometric parameters of the applied foams. The series of catalysts based on 30 ppi OCF showed CO2 conversion in the range of 30–50% at 300 °C, while those based on 45 ppi OCF resulted in a significantly enhancement of the catalytic activity: 90–92% CO2 conversion under the same experimental conditions. Calculations of the internal and external mass transfer limitations were performed. The observed difference in the catalytic activity was primarily related to the radial transport inside the pores, confirmed with the explicitly higher conversions.
Ca2Fe2O5-Based WGS Catalysts to Enhance the H2 Yield of Producer Gases
Authors: Antunes Isabel , Ruivo Luís C. M. , Tarelho Luís A. C. , Frade Jorge R.
Published: December 2023

Ca2Fe2O5-based catalysts were synthesized from siderite and calcite precursors, which were processed in the form of pelletized samples and tested as water gas shift catalysts. Catalytic tests were performed in a tubular reactor, at temperatures in the range 400–500 °C and with different H2O:CO ratios, diluted with N2; this demonstrates the positive impact of Ca2Fe2O5 on conversion of CO and H2 yield, relative to corresponding tests without catalyst. The catalytic performance was also remarkably boosted in a microwave-heated reactor, relative to conventional electric heating. Post-mortem analysis of spent catalysts showed significant XRD reflections of spinel phases (Fe3O4 and CaFe2O4), and SiO2 from the siderite precursor. Traces of calcium carbonate were also identified, and FTIR analysis revealed relevant bands ascribed to calcium carbonate and adsorbed CO2. Thermodynamic modelling was performed to assess the redox tolerance of Ca2Fe2O5-based catalysts in conditions expected for gasification of biomass and thermochemical conditions at somewhat lower temperatures (≤500 °C), as a guideline for suitable conditions for water gas shift. This modelling, combined with the results of catalytic tests and post-mortem analysis of spent catalysts, indicated that the O2 and CO2 storage ability of Ca2Fe2O5 contributes to its catalytic activity, suggesting prospects to enhance the H2 content of producer gases by water gas shift.
Hedgehog Signaling in Cortical Development
Authors: Cai Eva , Barba Maximiliano Gonzalez , Ge Xuecai
Published: December 2023

The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway plays a crucial role in embryonic development, acting both as a morphogenic signal that organizes tissue formation and a potent mitogenic signal driving cell proliferation. Dysregulated Hh signaling leads to various developmental defects in the brain. This article aims to review the roles of Hh signaling in the development of the neocortex in the mammalian brain, focusing on its regulation of neural progenitor proliferation and neuronal production. The review will summarize studies on genetic mouse models that have targeted different components of the Hh pathway, such as the ligand Shh, the receptor Ptch1, the GPCR-like transducer Smo, the intracellular transducer Sufu, and the three Gli transcription factors. As key insights into the Hh signaling transduction mechanism were obtained from mouse models displaying neural tube defects, this review will also cover some studies on Hh signaling in neural tube development. The results from these genetic mouse models suggest an intriguing hypothesis that elevated Hh signaling may play a role in the gyrification of the brain in certain species. Additionally, the distinctive production of GABAergic interneurons in the dorsal cortex in the human brain may also be linked to the extension of Hh signaling from the ventral to the dorsal brain region. Overall, these results suggest key roles of Hh signaling as both a morphogenic and mitogenic signal during the forebrain development and imply the potential involvement of Hh signaling in the evolutionary expansion of the neocortex.
NLRX1 Prevents M2 Macrophage Polarization and Excessive Renal Fibrosis in Chronic Obstructive Nephropathy
Authors: Liu Ye , Kors Lotte , Butter Loes M. , Stokman Geurt , Claessen Nike , Zuurbier Coert J. , Girardin Stephen E. , Leemans Jaklien C. , Florquin Sandrine , Tammaro Alessandra
Published: December 2023

Background: Chronic kidney disease often leads to kidney dysfunction due to renal fibrosis, regardless of the initial cause of kidney damage. Macrophages are crucial players in the progression of renal fibrosis as they stimulate inflammation, activate fibroblasts, and contribute to extracellular matrix deposition, influenced by their metabolic state. Nucleotide-binding domain and LRR-containing protein X (NLRX1) is an innate immune receptor independent of inflammasomes and is found in mitochondria, and it plays a role in immune responses and cell metabolism. The specific impact of NLRX1 on macrophages and its involvement in renal fibrosis is not fully understood. Methods: To explore the specific role of NLRX1 in macrophages, bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) extracted from wild-type (WT) and NLRX1 knockout (KO) mice were stimulated with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors to induce M1 and M2 polarization in vitro. The expression levels of macrophage polarization markers (Nos2, Mgl1, Arg1, and Mrc1), as well as the secretion of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), were measured using RT-PCR and ELISA. Seahorse-based bioenergetics analysis was used to assess mitochondrial respiration in naïve and polarized BMDMs obtained from WT and NLRX1 KO mice. In vivo, WT and NLRX1 KO mice were subjected to unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) surgery to induce renal fibrosis. Kidney injury, macrophage phenotypic profile, and fibrosis markers were assessed using RT-PCR. Histological staining (PASD and Sirius red) was used to quantify kidney injury and fibrosis. Results: Compared to the WT group, an increased gene expression of M2 markers—including Mgl1 and Mrc1—and enhanced TGFβ secretion were found in naïve BMDMs extracted from NLRX1 KO mice, indicating functional polarization towards the pro-fibrotic M2 subtype. NLRX1 KO naïve macrophages also showed a significantly enhanced oxygen consumption rate compared to WT cells and increased basal respiration and maximal respiration capacities that equal the level of M2-polarized macrophages. In vivo, we found that NLRX1 KO mice presented enhanced M2 polarization markers together with enhanced tubular injury and fibrosis demonstrated by augmented TGFβ levels, fibronectin, and collagen accumulation. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the unique role of NLRX1 in regulating the metabolism and function of macrophages, ultimately protecting against excessive renal injury and fibrosis in UUO.
Imaging of Light-Enhanced Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Delivery of Oxaliplatin to Colorectal Cancer Cells via Laser Ablation, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chandler Kara , Millar Josh , Ward George , Boyall Christopher , White Tom , Ready Joseph David , Maani Rawan , Chapple Keith , Tempest Robert , Brealey Joseph , Duckett Catherine , Haywood-Small Sarah , Turega Simon , Peake Nick
Published: December 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer structures released by all cells that mediate cell-to-cell communication via the transfer of bioactive cargo. Because of the natural origin of EVs, their efficient uptake by recipient cells, capacity to stabilize and transport biomolecules and their potential for cell/tissue targeting and preferential uptake by cancer cells, they have enormous potential for bioengineering into improved and targeted drug delivery systems. In this work, we investigated the use of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) as a tool to measure the loading of platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. The EV loading of oxaliplatin via co-incubation was demonstrated, and LA-ICP-MS imaging showed greater efficiency of delivery to colorectal cancer cells compared to free oxaliplatin, leading to enhanced cytotoxic effect. Further, the impact of EV co-loading with a porphyrin (C5SHU, known as ‘C5’) photosensitizer on oxaliplatin delivery was assessed. Fluorescence analysis using nano-flow cytometry showed dose-dependent EV loading as well as a trend towards the loading of larger particles. Exposure of OXA-C5-EV-treated colorectal cancer cells to light indicated that delivery was enhanced by both light exposure and porphyrins, with a synergistic effect on cell viability observed between oxaliplatin, EVs and light exposure after the delivery of the co-loaded EVs. In summary, this work demonstrates the utility of LA-ICP-MS and mass spectrometry imaging in assessing the loading efficiency and cellular delivery of platinum-based therapeutics, which would also be suitable for agents containing other elements, confirms that EVs are more efficient at delivery compared to free drugs, and describes the use of light exposure in optimizing delivery and therapeutic effects of EV-mediated drug delivery both in combination and independently of porphyrin-based photosensitizers.
Shifting Behaviors and Attitudes of Socially Stigmatizing Illnesses to Improve Wellbeing: A Conceptual Framework for Epilepsy
Authors: Musekwa Ofhani Prudance , Makhado Lufuno
Published: December 2023

The attitudes and behaviors towards people living with neurological conditions, such as epilepsy, have major implications for the quality of life of affected individuals and for human progress more broadly. Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder often associated with misconceptions leading to discrimination, stigma, and burden for people living with epilepsy (PLWE) and their families. Addressing these negative factors and improving the quality of life has become a crucial area of research. This conceptual framework paper explores the potential of attitude and behavior change to enhance the quality of life for PLWE and their families. The study was conducted in rural Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces (South Africa), employing an explanatory sequential mixed method approach. Participants included were PLWE (n = 163), their family members and caregivers (n = 519), healthcare practitioners (n = 102), and community members (n = 4290). The findings revealed significant knowledge, awareness, and behavior disparities among participants, with PLWE showing better consistency. Furthermore, the study highlighted the impact of consistency and balance in knowledge, awareness, and behavior on the overall quality of life for PLWE and their families. It is important to have intentional epilepsy education and accurate information sharing to influence attitudes, positive behavior, and improved quality of life for PLWE and their families. While the primary emphasis of this study lies in epilepsy, its implications may extend to other stigmatized and discrimination-prone illnesses, especially those affecting the brain. This highlights the significance of addressing societal attitudes toward such conditions as a measure of social progress.
COVID-19 and Children: Reflections after Three Years
Authors: Camporesi Anna , Vetrugno Luigi , Buonsenso Danilo
Published: December 2023

Three years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, enough experience has been gained to derive reflections on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 in children [...]
Effect of School Bullying on Students’ Peer Cooperation: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Wang Yu-Jiao , Chen I-Hua
Published: December 2023

Background: Studies show that cooperative environments enhance student performance. However, school bullying can significantly undermine peer cooperation. There is limited research on how school bullying impacts peer cooperation and the mechanisms involved. Methods: Using data from 15-year-old middle school students in four Chinese provinces and cities, as part of the 2018 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), this study employs a moderated mediation model. It examines the negative effects of school bullying on peer cooperation, the mediating role of school belonging, and the moderating effects of teacher support and parents’ support. Results: School bullying negatively impacts peer cooperation. School belonging partially mediates this relationship. Teacher support moderates the effect of school bullying on school belonging, which in turn affects peer cooperation. Parents’ support moderates the direct impact of school bullying on peer cooperation. Conclusion: School bullying reduces peer cooperation by diminishing students’ sense of belonging in school. This effect is lessened with increased support from teachers and parents. The findings suggest that while social support is beneficial, it must be balanced and not excessive.
Intervention Effect of a Soybean-Based Complementary Food Supplement on Anemic Infants in a Poor Rural Region in China: Evidence from Quasi-RCT
Authors: Yin Jiyong , Liu Tingting , Sun Jing , Huo Junsheng , Huang Jian
Published: December 2023

The soybean-based Yingyang Bao complementary food supplement represents a special nutritional improvement method for anemic infants in many intervention projects across China, while its benefits lack rigorous evidence. Using a quasi-randomized controlled trial design, which adhered to randomization and control except for the blinding method, 248 anemic infants were divided randomly into an intervention group (128 cases received the Yingyang Bao intervention based on routine feeding) and a control group (120 cases only received routine feeding). Anthropometric indicators and 16 blood indicators were measured at baseline and 1 year after intervention. The levels of hemoglobin, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D, homocysteine, retinol, vitamin D3, and soluble transferrin receptor and the height–age-Z score and weight–age-Z score of the intervention group were significantly improved after the intervention (p < 0.05). The homocysteine level improvement appeared to be moderately negatively correlated with the cobalamin level improvement (p < 0.05). The improvements of five indicators were significant correlated with the intervention duration (p < 0.05), and the corresponding three significant regression equations could predict the intervention effect and the intervention duration to a certain extent. This quasi-randomized controlled trial provided more convincing evidence that Yingyang Bao can effectively improve three kinds of malnutrition compared to previous research which only adopted self before and after comparison.
Exploring Understanding of Peripheral Artery Disease among Patients at High-Risk in Saudi Arabia: Results from an Interview-Based Study
Authors: Alsheikh Sultan , Altoijry Abdulmajeed , Alokayli Shirin , Alkhalife Sarah Ibrahim , Alsahil Shahad Jamal , AlGhofili Hesham
Published: December 2023

Background: The level of awareness of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in Saudi Arabia, especially among populations at high risk, is not currently well known. Therefore, our objective was to assess the existing level of awareness among patients who are at high risk of PAD, as well as their comprehension of the disease. Method: An interview-based cross-sectional study included 1035 participants with risk factors for PAD and collected data on demographics and knowledge domains related to PAD. Results: The statistical analysis was performed using t-tests and ANOVA. Overall, participants exhibited poor knowledge, with a mean score of 5.7 out of 26. The highest scores were observed in the risk factor and preventive measure domains, with means of 1.8 out of 7 and 1.8 out of 6, respectively. The factors associated with higher knowledge scores included older age, male gender, higher education, healthcare profession, interviews in vascular settings, previous awareness of PAD, and prior cardio-cerebrovascular interventions. Conclusion: This study underscores the inadequate knowledge of PAD among high-risk individuals. Targeted educational initiatives are essential to bridge this knowledge gap, potentially reducing the burden of PAD-related complications and improving patient outcomes. Efforts should focus on raising awareness about PAD, particularly among high-risk populations.
Modelling the Impact of Graphene Coating of Different Thicknesses on Polyimide Substrate on the Secondary Electron Yield
Authors: Qi Xin , Ma Yanzhao , Liu Sisheng , Nie Xiangyu , Zhang Tao , Wu Yong , Peng Weiping , Hu Guoming
Published: December 2023

Polyimide material is widely used in the aerospace field, but its secondary electron emission yield is high. In this study, a graphene coating was used to suppress its secondary electron emission, and the secondary electron emission yield of graphene-coated materials with different thicknesses was calculated using the GEANT4 numerical simulation method. The suppression effect of different thicknesses of graphene coatings on the secondary electron emission was analyzed. The simulation results showed that the optimal graphene coating thicknesses for the lowest secondary electron yield of polyimide materials were 1 nm and 5 nm, which reduced the secondary electron emission yield by 13% in terms of simulation. The 5 nm graphene coating reduced the secondary electron emission yield by 6% compared to the polyimide material from an experimental perspective. The 5 nm coating showed better results at higher energies and was experimentally verified by preparing five layers of graphene coating, which showed good agreement between the simulation and experiment. Meanwhile, with the increase in graphene coating thickness, the surface secondary electron emission displacement range decreased, and the secondary electrons produced at the surface were of low energy. The results of this study can provide technical reference for polyimide in aerospace applications and secondary electron emission simulation.
Sol–Gel Synthesis of ZnO:Li Thin Films: Impact of Annealing on Structural and Optical Properties
Authors: Ivanova Tatyana , Harizanova Antoaneta , Koutzarova Tatyana , Vertruyen Benedicte , Closset Raphael
Published: December 2023

A sol–gel deposition approach was applied for obtaining nanostructured Li-doped ZnO thin films. ZnO:Li films were successfully spin-coated on quartz and silicon substrates. The evolution of their structural, vibrational, and optical properties with annealing temperature (300–600 °C) was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), UV-VIS spectroscopic, and field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM) characterization techniques. It was found that lithium doping maintains the wurtzite arrangement of ZnO, with increasing crystallite sizes when increasing the annealing temperature. Analysis of the FTIR spectra revealed a broad main absorption band (around 404 cm−1) for Li-doped films, implying the inclusion of Li into the ZnO lattice. The ZnO:Li films were transparent, with slightly decreased transmittance after the use of higher annealing temperatures. The porous network of undoped ZnO films was transformed to a denser, grained, packed structure, induced by lithium doping.
Research on the Input-Transformation-Output Process of Additive Manufacturing: Comparing PLA/Polysmooth and Resin Printed Rings
Authors: Rivera Camilo , Nuñez Rodriguez Jairo , Ortiz Bas Angel
Published: December 2023

This research delves into the transformative potential of additive manufacturing (AM) within the jewelry industry, focusing on materials such as PLA, PolySmooth, and resin to process a ring. The study encompasses an analysis of the materials, the role of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the CAD design stage, printers, post-processing techniques, and the Input-Transformation-Output (ITO) process. SEM plays a crucial role in understanding material behavior at a micro-level, offering invaluable insights into its selection. The CAD design stage is foundational, providing a precise digital representation before physical production. Additive manufacturing showcases advantages over traditional methods, including design flexibility and production. Various printers and post-processing methods contribute to enhancing the quality and aesthetics of the final products. The Input-Transformation-Output process emerges as a strategic approach for efficient AM implementation. This study highlights the need for the continued exploration and integration of AM, emphasizing its potential to reshape how jewelry is designed, manufactured, and experienced, thereby providing a foundation for further research and advancements in this transformative field. Additionally, each stage of the Input-Transformation-Output process of Polysmooth, PLA, and resin ring prototypes is studied.
Correction: Zhang et al. Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Transformation Behavior in Ni49.6Ti35.4Hf15 Alloy Produced with High-Pressure Torsion. Crystals 2023, 13, 1246
Authors: Zhang Jintao , Wang Shibo , Ding Hua , Hu Peng , Huang Yi , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2023

In the original publication [...]
Relationship between Somatic Cell Score and Fat Plus Protein Yield in the First Three Lactations in Spanish Florida Goats
Authors: Jiménez-Granado Rocío , Molina Antonio , Sánchez Rodríguez Manuel , Ziadi Chiraz , Menéndez Buxadera Alberto
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of somatic cell score (SCS) and fat plus protein yield (FPY) using repeatability (RM) and random regression (RRM) models in Florida goats. The data consisted of 340,654 test-day controls of the first three lactations, and the pedigree contained 36,144 animals. Covariance components were estimated with a bivariate RM and RRM using the REML approach. Both models included as fixed effects the combination of herd and control date, litter size, kidding number and lactation length, and as random effects, the additive genetic and permanent environmental effects. A variation in the shape of the genetic parameters along the lactation curve was observed for both traits, and h2 oscillated between 0.272 and 0.279 for SCS and 0.099 and 0.138 for FPY. The genetic correlation between SCS and FPY was negative and medium (−0.304 to −0.477), indicating that a low-SCS EBV is associated with a genetic predisposition to high FPY production. Our results showed that given the magnitude of h2 for SCS and its rg with FPY, the SCS could be used as a selection criterion to increase resistance to mastitis, thus obtaining an improved dairy and cheese aptitude in this breed.
Claudin-4 Upregulation in Acantholytic and Autoimmune-Mediated Bullous Disorders
Authors: Bui Chau M. , Vuong Huy G. , Le Minh-Khang , Rybski Kristin J. , Zengin Hatice B. , Tang Haiming , Smoller Bruce R.
Published: December 2023

Claudin-4 is a key component of tight junctions, which play an important role in the formation of the epidermal barrier by forming a circumferential network in the granular layer that serves as a gatekeeper of the paracellular pathway. The aim of this study is to illustrate claudin-4 immunohistochemical staining patterns of different blistering disorders. We collected 35 cases, including two Hailey–Hailey disease, one Darier disease, three Grover disease, one acantholytic acanthoma, two warty dyskeratoma, 11 pemphigus vulgaris (PV) including six mucosal PV, and two pemphigus foliaceus. For comparison, we included five cases of normal skin, five eczema, and three bullous pemphigoid cases. Claudin-4 demonstrated weak-to-moderate expression in keratinocytes located in the stratum granulosum, keratinocytes surrounding hair follicles, and adnexal glands. Further, claudin-4 exhibited moderate-to-strong membranous staining in disrupted keratinocytes surrounding and within the acantholytic and bullous areas in 16/22 of the acantholytic cases (not seen in the six cases of mucosal PV) and all three bullous pemphigoids. This finding suggests that claudin-4 is upregulated in these conditions, which may be a compensatory response to the disrupted barrier function. This finding could shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying disrupted barrier function in blistering disorders, independent of the specific underlying disease mechanism.
Modification of a Grain Moisture Conditioner into a Vacuum Steam Pasteurizer
Authors: Galad Marlon , Eshkabilov Sulaymon , Monono Ewumbua
Published: December 2023

Eliminating microbes in low-moisture foods (LMFs) is challenging because this requires the preservation of their raw quality during pasteurization. Vacuum steam pasteurization (VSP) has been shown to be effective in reducing microbes while maintaining food quality. These studies were conducted at a laboratory scale where issues such as steam distribution, penetration, and condensation are not a concern, but in larger samples, these are of primary concern. Hence, this study repurposes a pilot-scale grain moisture conditioner (GMC) into a VSP system with the aim of replicating the lab-scale conditions in larger-scale applications. The modification entailed a series of design alterations, conducting a structural analysis of the conditioning chamber, creating a vacuum environment, ensuring uniform steam distribution, and designing and adding a preheater and a cooling system. Performance tests confirmed that the adapted system replicates the VSP’s lab-scale functionality. The results demonstrated that the VSP system can preheat to beyond 40 °C and achieve an absolute pressure of 11.7 kPa at 85 °C with a 344.7 Pa pressure increase per minute. Furthermore, steam distribution inside the chamber showed no significant variations, and rapid steam evacuation and chamber cooling could be performed simultaneously. The success of these modifications will be used in future experiments.
The Clinical Courses and Prognosis of Cirrhotic Patients after First Acute Decompensation: Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kim Jung , Kim Sung-Eun , Song Do , Kim Hee , Yoon Eileen , Kang Seong , Jung Young-Kul , Kwon Jung , Lee Sung , Han Seul , Chang Young , Jeong Soung , Yoo Jeong , Jin Young-Joo , Cheon Gab , Kim Byung , Seo Yeon , Kim Hyoungsu , Park Ji , Kim Tae , Sinn Dong , Chung Woo , Kim Hwi , Lee Han , Nam Seung , Kim In , Kim Ji , Chae Hee , Sohn Joo , Cho Ju , Park Jung , Cho Hyun , Kim Yoon , Yang Jin , Suk Ki , Kim Moon , Kim Sang , Yim Hyung , Kim Won , Jang Jae-Young , Kim Dong
Published: December 2023

Background: The European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure (EF-CLIF) consortium suggested that the clinical courses after acute decompensation (AD) stratify the long-term prognosis: stable decompensated cirrhosis (SDC), unstable decompensated cirrhosis (UDC), pre acute-on-chronic liver failure (pre ACLF), and ACLF. However, previous studies included patients with a history of previous AD and had limitations associated with identifying the clinical factors related to prognosis after the first AD. Method: The prospective Korean Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (KACLiF) cohort included cirrhotic patients who were hospitalised with first AD between July 2015 and August 2018. We analysed the factors associated with readmission after the first AD and compared the characteristics and prognosis among each subgroup to evaluate the risk factors for the occurrence of pre ACLF after AD. Result: A total of 746 cirrhotic patients who were hospitalised with first AD were enrolled. The subgroups consisted of SDC (n = 565), UDC (n = 29), pre ACLF (n = 28), and ACLF (n = 124). Of note, pre ACLF showed a poorer prognosis than ACLF. The risk factors associated with readmission within 3 months of first AD were non-variceal gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and high MELD score. Viral aetiology was associated with the occurrence of pre ACLF compared with alcohol aetiology regardless of baseline liver function status. Conclusion: Cirrhotic patients with first AD who present as non-variceal GI bleeding and HE can easily relapse. Interestingly, the occurrence of AD with organ failure within 3 months of first AD (pre ACLF) has worse prognosis compared with the occurrence of organ failure at first AD (ACLF). In particular, cirrhotic patients with viral hepatitis with/without alcohol consumption showed poor prognosis compared to other aetiologies. Therefore, patients with ACLF after AD within 3 months should be treated more carefully and definitive treatment through LT should be considered.
The Performance Characteristics of Handheld, Non-Piezoelectric Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) in the Emergency Department
Authors: Wubben Brandon Michael , Yun Hae In
Published: December 2023

The use of handheld point-of-care ultrasound (HH-POCUS) platforms is rapidly increasing, but the diagnostic performance of HH-POCUS in the emergency department (ED) has not been well-studied. For a period of one year, only a HH-POCUS system that uses a non-piezoelectric array (Butterfly iQ+™) was available for clinical POCUS examinations in our ED. We performed a retrospective observational study of patients who underwent cardiac, thoracic, renal, biliary, or lower extremity venous (DVT) examinations from November 2021–November 2022 and calculated performance characteristics of HH-POCUS relative to radiology imaging. A total of 381 HH-POCUS studies were evaluated. Cardiac image quality was significantly lower than lung (p = 0.002). Over half of the studies (213/381) had imaging available for comparison, and HH-POCUS identified 86.5% (32/37, (95%CI) 70.4–94.9) of prespecified emergent diagnoses, including acute cholecystitis, severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, pericardial effusion or tamponade, moderate or larger pleural effusion, pneumothorax, moderate or larger hydronephrosis, and DVT. For less emergent diagnoses, 84.3% (43/51, (95%CI) 70.9–92.5) were identified. Overall, HH-POCUS using a non-piezoelectric array showed modest real-world performance in the ED for cardiac, thoracic, renal, biliary, and DVT examinations. HH-POCUS may be inadequate to rule out some common ED diagnoses, but had good specificity for certain conditions such as pericardial effusion.