bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and design of role engineering in development of access control for dynamic information systems
Authors: Poniszewska-Marańda A.
Published: October 2013

Nowadays, the growth and complexity of functionalities of current information systems, especially dynamic, distributed and heterogeneous information systems, makes the design and creation of such systems a difficult task and at the same time, strategic for businesses. A very important stage of data protection in an information system is the creation of a high level model, independent of the software, satisfying the needs of system protection and security. The process of role engineering, i.e. the identification of roles and setting up in an organization is a complex task.

The paper presents the modeling and design stages in the process of role engineering in the aspect of security schema development for information systems, in particular for dynamic, distributed information systems, based on the role concept and the usage concept. Such a schema is created first of all during the design phase of a system. Two actors should cooperate with each other in this creation process, the application developer and the security administrator, to determine the minimal set of user’s roles in agreement with the security constraints that guarantee the global security coherence of the system.
Prediction of corrections for the Polish time scale UTC(PL) using artificial neural networks
Authors: Luzar M. , Sobolewski Ł. , Miczulski W. , Korbicz J.
Published: October 2013

In this paper, the effectiveness of using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for predicting the corrections of the Polish time scale UTC(PL) (Universal Coordinated Time) is presented. In particular, prediction results for the different types of neural networks, i.e., the MLP (MultiLayer Perceprton), the RBF (Radial Basis Function) and the GMDH (Group Method of Data Handling) are shown. The main advantages and disadvantages of using such types of neural networks are discussed. The prediction of corrections is performed using two methods: the time series analysis method and the regression method. The input data were prepared suitable for the above mentioned methods, based on two time series, ts1 and ts2. The designation of prediction errors for specified days and the influence of data quantity for the prediction error are considered. The paper consists of five sections. After Introduction, in Sec. 2, the theoretical background for different types of neural networks is presented. Section 3 shows data preparation for the appropriate type of neural network. The experimental results are presented in Sec. 4. Finally, Sec. 5 concludes the paper.
PI observer stability and application in an induction motor control system
Authors: Białoń T. , Lewicki A. , Pasko M. , Niestrój R.
Published: October 2013

The paper discusses the problem of stability of a proportional-integral Luenberger observer, designated for the state variables reconstruction of a linear, time-invariant dynamical system. It is proven, that there exists such a class of observed systems, for which the observer is always unstable, independently of its gains. Stability can be provided in every possible case after application of proposed modifications to the structure of the observer. It is proven, that stability of the modified observer depends only on its gains. It is shown, that an induction motor is the exemplary observed system, for which application of the unmodified observer is impossible due to its lack of stability, while the modified observer provides proper operation of the control system. Finally, some experimental results are presented, obtained in the multiscalar control system of the induction motor, equipped with the modified proportional-integral observer.
Modified neuro-fuzzy TSK network and its application in electronic nose
Authors: Osowski S. , Brudzewski K. , Tran Hoai L.
Published: October 2013

The paper develops the modified structure of the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang neuro-fuzzy network with a theoretical basis for its adaptation. The simplified structure follows from the basic theoretical considerations concerning the way of creating the inference rules. The important point of this solution is the application of the fuzzy clustering algorithm to the input data. The efficiency of the proposed solution has been checked on the examples of regression and classification problems concerning the electronic nose.
CMOS implementation of an analogue median filter for image processing in real time
Authors: Jendernalik W. , Jakusz J. , Blakiewicz G. , Szczepański S.
Published: October 2013

An analogue median filter, realised in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology, is presented in this paper. The key advantages of the filter are: high speed of image processing (50 frames per second), low-power operation (below 1.25 mW under 3.3 V supply) and relatively high accuracy of signal processing. The presented filter is a part of an integrated circuit for image processing (a vision chip), containing: a photo-sensor matrix, a set of analogue pre-processors, and interface circuits. The analysis of the main parameters of the considered median filter is presented. The discussion of important limitations in the operation of the filter due to the restrictions imposed by CMOS technology is also presented.
GaInNAs quantum-well vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers emitting at 2.33 μm
Authors: Piskorski Ł. , Sarzała R.P.
Published: October 2013

In the present paper, the comprehensive fully self-consistent optical-electrical-thermal-recombination model is used to determine the optimal structure of the possible GaInNAs quantum-well (QW) tunnel-junction (TJ) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with single-fundamental-mode operation at 2.33 μm wavelength suited for carbon monoxide sensing applications. From among various considered structures, the diode laser with 4-μm TJ and two 6-nm Ga0.15In0.85N0.015As0.985/Ga0.327In0.673As0.71P0.29 QWs has the lowest threshold current and seems to be optimal for the above applications. Higher threshold currents are obtained for Ga0.15In0.85N0.015As0.985/Al0.138- Ga0.332In0.530As QW structures but the latter can be grown in reactors without P source which are used for fabrication of GaAs-based devices. Both the modelled VCSELs offer a very promising room temperature continuous wave performance and may represent an alternative choice to GaSb-based lasers.
The relationship between physical fitness and quality of life in adults and the elderly
Authors: Sławińska Teresa , Posłuszny Paweł , Rożek Krystyna
Published: October 2013

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between physical fitness and various aspects of quality of life in middle-aged adults and the elderly.

Methods

The sample included 216 women and 43 men, living in a medium-sized city in Poland aged 50-84 years. Physical fitness was determined using a test battery specifically designed for the elderly (Senior Fitness Test); grip strength by the dominate hand was also measured. The short form of the WHOQOL-BR EF questionnaire was used to evaluate quality of life. Four domains (physical, psychological, social relationships, environment) of quality of life as well as overall quality of life and health were self-assessed.

Results

Among the selected components of physical fitness measured in the study, the assessment of overall quality of life in women was related to upper limb strength and, depending on the quality of life domain, also with upper or lower body flexibility. In men, the only factor influencing their overall assessment was upper body flexibility, whereas cardiorespiratory efficiency was the only factor influencing their detailed self-assessment of the physical health domain. Additionally, the self-assessment of general health in men was significantly positively correlated with cardiopulmonary efficiency. In women, the general health assessment was correlated with upper limb strength and upper body flexibility.

Conclusions

It was concluded that after the fifth decade of life, physical fitness plays a greater role in improving the self-assessment of quality of life in women than men. Physical activity undertaken by middle-aged and elderly adults should focus on first improving cardiorespiratory efficiency and then strength and flexibility.
Physical activity and life satisfaction in blind and visually impaired individuals
Authors: Łabudzki Jakub , Tasiemski Tomasz
Published: October 2013

Purpose

Physical activity (PA) is known to have a positive influence on many physical and psychological aspects of human life. Despite the many benefits of an active lifestyle, the majority of adults in Western Europe do not perform regular PA, and this is especially so for adults with a disability, such as the blind and visually impaired. The purpose of this study was to assess the type and intensity of physical activity and subjective quality of life (life satisfaction) of blind and visually impaired individuals living in Poland and to analyze for potential differences in terms of their physical activity levels.

Methods

The short form International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Life Satisfaction Questionnaire were administered to a sample of eighty-two individuals (mean age 38 years) with varying degrees of vision loss.

Results

The study found that more than 50% of the respondents were classified as being highly active and that the total sample was “rather satisfied” with life “as a whole”. The level of PA performed was significantly positively correlated with the level of life satisfaction.

Conclusions

PA increases the subjective quality of life in blind and visually impaired individuals.
The effects of a perturbation-based balance training on the reactive neuromuscular control in community-dwelling older women: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rossi Luciano Pavan , Pereira Rafael , Brandalize Michelle , Gomes Anna Raquel Silveira
Published: October 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of short-term perturbation-based balance training and a detraining period on postural control in older adults.

Methods

A group of healthy older women were recruited and divided into two groups: an exercise group (EG, n = 21, age = 67.0 ± 2.0 y) that performed balance-based exercises three times a week over a sixweek period and a control group (CG, n = 20, age = 67.9 ± 3.1 y). Center-of-pressure displacement (CoP) and electromyographic data (EMG onset, time-to-peak and amplitude) were assessed during forward and backward perturbations for six leg muscles. All variables were analyzed before the training program began, at its end, and after a six-week period of detraining. A mixed ANOVA model was used to analyze the within- and between-subject results.

Results

A decrease in backward CoP displacement, EMG onset and time-to-peak of the ankle muscles, especially the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (MG), was observed. Improvement in muscle EMG amplitude for the ankle muscles (TA, MG and Soleus - SO) at the early phase (0-200 ms) of the perturbation test, with the SO also showing an increase in amplitude at the intermediate phase (201-400 ms). After the detraining period, only the TA muscle maintained an improvement in reaction time.

Conclusions

Perturbation-based balance training improved neuromuscular responses such as muscle reaction time and ankle muscle activation and consequently aided the body’s ability to maintain correct center of pressure, although after a period of detraining this gain was not maintained for most of the assessed variables.
The climbing preferences of advanced rock climbers
Authors: Magiera Artur , Roczniok Robert
Published: October 2013

Purpose

Previous studies have broadened the knowledge about the general characteristics of rock climbing. However, there is a lack of research on rock climbers who are at a similar performance level but have different climbing preferences. The purpose of this study was to focus on what similarities and differences are present in the anthropometric, physiological, and training characteristics of advanced rock climbers.

Methods

A group of 31 advanced Polish rock climbers volunteered to participate in the study. A questionnaire was administered to determine their climbing preferences. The participants’ anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness, and aerobic power were measured using standard methods.

Results

Similarities were found among the climbers in terms of the training exercises they used, their preference for certain types of rock faces and rock handholds, and their participation in different types of climbing and other sports disciplines. Differences were found among various anthropometrical characteristics, physical fitness, and training exercise frequency between climbers who preferred different climbing styles (on-sight vs. redpoint) or climbing routes (“crux” vs. “endurance”).

Conclusions

During the off-season, various training exercises were used, with the majority employing specialized forms of training (bouldering, repeating previously climbed routes, and leading routes in different styles). They practised on average 10 hours a week and preferred climbing overhanging walls with edge handholds. The best results the climbers achieved in on-sight climbing were in foreign countries and by individuals with high aerobic power measured by an arm ergometer test. Climbers who achieved better results in redpointing used the Campus board more frequently when training and completed their most difficult climbs in Poland. Additional differences were noted between climbers who preferred endurance routes and those who preferred shorter climbing efforts (crux routes), with the former presenting better finger flexor muscle endurance and greater muscle mass.
Distribution Network Reconfiguration Considering Power Losses and Outages Costs Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Nuhanović Amir , Hivziefendić Jasna , Hadžimehmedović Amir
Published: October 2013

This paper discusses the problem of finding the optimal network topological configuration by changing the feeder status. The reconfiguration problem is considered as a multiobjective problem aiming to minimize power losses and total interruptions costs subject to the system constraints: the network radiality voltage limits and feeder capability limits. Due to its complexity, the metaheuristic methods can be applied to solve the problem and often the choice is genetic algorithm. NSGA II is used to solve the multiobjective optimization problem in order to get Pareto optimal set with possible solutions. The proposed method has been tested on real 35 kV distribution network. The numerical results are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed genetic algorithm.
Performance Evaluation of Virtualization Techniques for Control and Access of Storage Systems in Data Center Applications
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2013

Virtualization is a new technology that creates virtual environments based on the existing physical resources. This article evaluates effect of virtualization techniques on control servers and access method in storage systems [1, 2]. In control server virtualization, we have presented a tile based evaluation based on heterogeneous workloads to compare several key parameters and demonstrate effectiveness of virtualization techniques. Moreover, we have evaluated the virtualized model using VMotion techniques and maximum consolidation. In access method, we have prepared three different scenarios using direct, semi-virtual, and virtual attachment models. We have evaluated the proposed models with several workloads including OLTP database, data streaming, file server, web server, etc. Results of evaluation for different criteria confirm that server virtualization technique has high throughput and CPU usage as well as good performance with noticeable agility. Also virtual technique is a successful alternative for accessing to the storage systems especially in large capacity systems. This technique can therefore be an effective solution for expansion of storage area and reduction of access time. Results of different evaluation and measurements demonstrate that the virtualization in control server and full virtual access provide better performance and more agility as well as more utilization in the systems and improve business continuity plan.
Enhancement in Steady State and Dynamic Performance of Direct Torque Control Induction Motor Drive
Authors: Singh Bhoopendra , Jain Shailendra , Dwivedi Sanjeet
Published: October 2013

An enhancement in dynamic performance of a traditional DTC drive can be achieved by a robust speed control algorithm while the steady state performance depends upon the switching strategy selected for minimization of torque ripples and an efficient flux control loop. In this paper a new torque ripple reduction technique with a modified look up table incorporating a larger number of synthesized non zero active voltage vectors is utilized to overcome the limitations of the conventionally controlled DTC drive. A fuzzy logic based speed controller and a low pass filter with tunable cutoff frequency for flux estimation is proposed in this paper. The proposed study is investigated through simulation and experimentally validated on a test drive.
Dipole Near Field Analysis – A Closed Form Calculation in Cartesian Coordinates
Authors: Harťanský René , Slížik Jozef , Maršálka Lukáš
Published: October 2013

This article deals with analytical calculation of the near-field of an electric dipole in Cartesian coordinate system in a closed form. Results of the analytical calculation are verified by numerical method.
ZVS Full–Bridge Based DC–DC Converter with Linear Voltage Gain According to Duty Cycle
Authors: Do Hyun-Lark
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) full-bridge based DC-DC converter with linear voltage gain according to duty cycle. The proposed converter is based on an asymmetrical pulse-width-modulation (APWM) full-bridge converter which has various advantages over other converters. However, it has some drawbacks such as limited maximum duty cycle to 0.5 and narrow input range. The proposed converter overcomes these problems. The duty cycle is not limited and input voltage range is wide. Also, the ZVS operation of all power switches is achieved. Therefore, switching losses are significantly reduced and high-efficiency is obtained. Steady-state analysis and experimental results for the proposed converter are presented to validate the feasibility and the performance of the proposed converter.
Ocean Wave Measurement Using GPS Buoys
Authors: Joodaki G. , Nahavandchi H. , Cheng K.
Published: October 2013

The observation of ocean wave parameters is necessary to improve forecasts of ocean wave conditions. In this paper, we investigate the viability of using a single GPS receiver to measure ocean-surface waves, and present a method to enhance the accuracy of the estimated wave parameters. The application of high-pass filtering to GPS data in conjunction with directional wave spectral theory is a core concept in this article. Laboratory experiments were conducted to test the viability and accuracy measurements of wave parameters made by a single GPS receiver buoy. These tests identified an error of less than 1% for the rotational arm measurement (wave height) and an error of 1% in verifications of the wave direction and wave period, and showed a 0.488 s bias; this is sufficiently accurate for many specific purposes. These results are based on the best cut-off frequency value derived in this study. A moored-sea GPS buoy on the Taiwanese coast was used to estimate the GPS-derived wave parameters. Our results indicate that data from a single GPS receiver, processed with the presented method to reduce the error of the estimated parameters, can provide measurements of ocean surface wave to reasonable accuracy.
Mycodiversity at Sankarnagar Community Forest, Rupandehi Distri
Authors: Aryal Hari Prasad , Budhathoki Usha
Published: October 2013

This investigation explored the diversity of higher fungi with their identification, documentation and utilization. The study area covered 549 ha, which lies within a narrow limit of altitude between 165 and 200 masl, in tropical deciduous riverine forest. Amanita chepangiana, A. pantherina, Macrolepiota fuliginosa, M. rhacodes, Russula emetica, R. foetens, R. nigricans, Scleroderma citrinum, S, bovista, Termitomyces clypeatus and T. eurhizeus were found to be dominant. The collected samples represented 29 species of Basidiomycetes belonging to 7 orders, 18 families and 25 genera. The dried specimens housed at Tribhuvan University Central Herbarium (TUCH), Kirtipur, Kathmandu. The mycoelements prevailing in this area need sustainable conservation and utilization. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 1 (2013) 75-80 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i1.8925
A Bayesian Analysis of Perks Distribution via Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Chaudhary Arun Kumar , Kumar Vijay
Published: October 2013

In this paper the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is used to estimate the parameters of Perks distribution based on a complete sample. The procedures are developed to perform full Bayesian analysis of the Perks distributions using MCMC simulation method in OpenBUGS. We obtained the Bayes estimates of the parameters, hazard and reliability functions, and their probability intervals are also presented. We also discussed the issue of model compatibility for the given data set. A real data set is considered for illustration under gamma sets of priors. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 1 (2013) 153-166 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i1.8936
Reviewers of this issue Vol.14(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: October 2013

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 1 (2013) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i1.8949
Holistic Approach to Reduce Rural Roadway Departure Crashes
Authors: Kar Kohinoor , Weeks Richard S. , Satti Krishna
Published: October 2013

Two-lane rural roadways generate a disproportionate number of fatal and serious injury crashes. Many safety measures to date have reduced crash severity. As roadway design guides have evolved, they have incorporated changes that address safety needs. Advanced vehicle designs have incorporated features that protect occupants. Regulations have addressed risky driver behavior. Technological improvements have reduced emergency response times and transport times to trauma centers. To mitigate rural roadway departure issues, the engineering, education, enforcement, and emergency response (4E) approach has recently been implemented by some highway transportation agencies. Including nonengineering mitigation measures along with engineering mitigations, such as improved roadway and roadside design, and maintenance practices has had positive effects on rural roadway departure crashes. Improved vehicle designs have had positive effects on severity. Improved emergency response has had positive effects on survival rate. Education and enforcement efforts have had positive effects on driver behavior. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act emphasizes an application of the 4E approach with full flexibility in the use of Highway Safety Improvement Program and Highway Safety Program funds. This paper advances a holistic analytical approach by coordinating the use of the 4Es and identifies the need for research to support and validate the proposed optimization approach. A data-driven model is presented for optimizing the allocation of 4E resources at the program level to address rural roadway departure crash issues. The same model can be applied at the project level.
Quasi-Experimental Study of Traffic Calming Measures in New York City
Authors: Ewing Reid , Chen Li , Chen Cynthia
Published: October 2013

This paper provides a large-scale, rigorous evaluation of traffic calming projects in one U.S. city. The study area is New York City, which treated 391 streets with speed tables between 1996 and 2003. On the basis of crash frequencies for 5 years before treatment and 5 years after for treated streets and well-matched comparison streets, no evidence emerged that New York City's ambitious traffic calming program has led to a reduction in total crashes, pedestrian crashes, or injury crashes. This is in contrast to earlier, less carefully controlled evaluations that have reported significant reductions in crashes with traffic calming.
Identifying High-Crash-Risk Intersections
Authors: Lim In-Kyu , Kweon Young-Jun
Published: October 2013

Identifying high-crash-risk locations, called hot spots, is an important step in improving roadway safety. Use of the empirical Bayes (EB) method coupled with the use of safety performance functions (SPFs) is considered the state of the practice in identifying such locations. However, application of the EB-SPF method requires considerable resources in preparing data, as well as statistical expertise. As a consequence, many highway agencies still rely on traditional methods that use crash frequency and crash rate to identify locations for potential safety improvements without knowing the accuracy of such methods. This study examined four traditional methods commonly used in identifying potential locations for safety improvements and compared them with the EB-SPF method. The four methods evaluated were crash frequency, crash rate, rate–quality control, and equivalent property damage only. The study was limited to four-leg intersections with either a traffic signal or two-way stop control; 2004 to 2008 data were collected for 1,670 such intersections. The study found that the crash frequency method performed the best of the four in correctly identifying the top 1% of unsafe intersections. However, the method tended to flag top hot spots incorrectly. The rate–quality control method performed the best in identifying the top 5% and 10% of unsafe intersections. The findings are expected to help highway agencies that continue to use the traditional methods choose the most appropriate method so that scarce resources available for safety improvement can be invested effectively.
Examining Fatal Crash Reductions by First Harmful Events since the Introduction of the Federal Highway Safety Improvement Program
Authors: Wu Kun-Feng , Himes Scott C. , Pietrucha Martin T.
Published: October 2013

The federal Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) has been associated with the reduction in fatal crashes since 2006, but the reasons for the reduction remain largely unknown. This paper examines the reduction in fatal crashes in terms of different types of first harmful events that can provide insight into crash causes and prevention strategies. In this study, fatal crashes were categorized into four types: overturn, collision with motor vehicle in transport, collision with fixed object, and collision with nonmotorist. Fixed-effects and mixed-effects Poisson models were used to estimate the magnitudes of fatal crash reduction by first harmful events for each state. Fatal crashes due to collisions with nonmotorists and motor vehicles in transport have been reduced by 10% and 5.3%, respectively, compared with the 2001 to 2005 period. Fatal crashes due to overturn and collision with a fixed object decreased in some states but remained unchanged or increased in other states. Nevertheless, the numbers of national fixed-object and overturn fatal crashes have been reduced by 3% and 0.7%, respectively, as a whole. This study also investigated possibilities that could be associated with the magnitudes of the reductions, for example, the different traffic laws among states. It was found that although different safety improvement projects were implemented to target the various types of crashes, the improvements were also likely to be beneficial to other crash types. These are referred to as spillover effects. Nationally, fatal crashes have decreased since the introduction of the HSIP partly because of the reduction in fatal crashes due to collisions with nonmotorists and motor vehicles in transport and partly because of spillover effects.
Do Road Safety Communication Campaigns Work?
Authors: Adamos G. , Nathanail E. G. , Kapetanopoulou P.
Published: October 2013

Road safety communication campaigns are considered an efficient strategy for reaching a wide audience. They aim at reducing the number and severity of road crashes by influencing road user behavior. Despite the large number of campaigns that have been designed and implemented in recent years, few have been formally evaluated. This paper presents the evaluation design and the implementation of a national road safety communication campaign on the effects of fatigue on driving behavior. The campaign targeted primarily professional drivers and, secondarily, all other drivers The definition of the objectives of the campaign was addressed through the health belief model. Objectives included increasing awareness of the severity of driving while fatigued and of effective countermeasures. The measurement variables of the evaluation design, also addressed by the health belief model, were knowledge, behavioral beliefs, risk comprehension, behavioral intentions, past behavior, and self-reported behavior. The evaluation was based on a nonexperimental design. The use of control groups was not feasible, since the whole population was exposed to the campaign and data were collected by means of a face-to-face questionnaire survey conducted before, during, and after campaign implementation. Process and outcome evaluations were conducted to assess the impact of the campaign on driving behavior. Results indicated that the audience was reached at a mean rate of 13%, and the distribution of campaign leaflets was the most effective media channel (70%). In addition, a statistically significant increase in the proportion of respondents who were aware of the causes and effects of fatigue while driving was observed. Similar results were indicated in testing behavioral beliefs, risk comprehension, behavioral intentions, and past behavior. The main message of the campaign reached both the primary and the secondary target groups, and its success can be seen by the increase in the percentage of professional drivers and all other drivers who self-reported that they stop and rest for 15 min in the “during” and “after” phases, as compared with the “before” phase.
Analysis Framework for Evaluation of Traffic Compliance Measures
Authors: Campbell Robert , Skabardonis Alexander
Published: October 2013

Agencies and practitioners often test innovative strategies for improving driver compliance with traffic regulations. However, in evaluating these strategies, researchers often rely on simple before-and-after methods that suffer from several flaws and that can result in misleading results and an inaccurate assessment of a strategy's effectiveness. This paper examines these flaws, proposes a framework that avoids or corrects for them, and then uses it to analyze the effectiveness of a common strategy: installation of larger signage (at a freeway entrance ramp). The framework described in this paper can be applied to a wide range of driver compliance situations. Among them are yielding at pedestrian crossings, speed limit obedience, and proper anticipation of roadway features such as speed humps or intersections.
Indian Reservation Safety Improvement Program
Authors: Shinstine Debbie S. , Ksaibati Khaled
Published: October 2013

The need to reduce fatal and injury crashes on tribal lands has been recognized for years. The United States has realized a decline in fatal crashes over the past several years, but fatal crashes continue to increase on tribal lands. Little progress has been made in improving safety on tribal lands. Limited resources, lack of coordination across jurisdictions, the rural nature of many of the roadways, and lack of crash data have made it difficult for tribes to implement an effective safety improvement program. A methodology that can address these challenges is presented in this paper. The proposed methodology has been implemented successfully in the Wind River Indian Reservation in Wyoming. Collaboration among safety stakeholders—state departments of transportation, tribal leadership, the Local Technical Assistance Program, the Tribal Technical Assistance Program, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and local and tribal law enforcement—is key to the success of such a process.
Sterilization Pattern of Dental Clinics in Rangpur City
Authors: Zaman MH , Ferdouse S , Mahbub S , Hossain MM
Published: October 2013

Objective: The purpose of the study was to collect information to assess the level of sterilization practice and to identify the method of sterilization in the dental clinics in Rangpur city for further research and evaluation of the treatment quality. The study was carried out from January 2012 to June 2012 among 25 Dental clinics in Rangpur city for 6 months period. Results: Among the Respondents (16%) said draping sheet was supplied by the authority, while in 84% were not supplied. Distribution of Respondents by wearing theater shoes in the clinic were (96%) whereas (4%) didnt wear and 52% of the patients wore theater shoes in the clinic whereas 48% didnt wear it. Among the respondents 8% said plastic syringe was used in the clinic while 92% didnt use, Dental surgeons of 72% (18) of the total clinics used to wear disposable hand gloves where 28% didnt wear, 52% (13) of the Dental surgeons used to wear apron whereas 48% didnt. Among the clinics gloves were available in 92% for the service providers and 68% apron were available for the service providers. (24%) of the respondents used dettol to wash the floor, whereas 76% used savlon. Among all the operative rooms 8% used separate container to deposit sharp and other waste and 92% didnt use.(96%) of the clinics used chlorohexidine with cetrimide (savlon), and 4% (1)used Chlorohexidine with alchohol (hibisol) ). Among all the clinics 24% used sterilized Cotton and 76% didnt and 64%  used sterilized gauge .(96%) of the clinics had availability of disinfectants. Only (4%) of the clinics had all the available sterilization methods. (96%) of the clinics had availability of surface disinfected. Only (8%) of the clinics had all the available instruments sterilizer. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i2.16601 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.3(2) 2013: 1-4
Dental Health Problems among the Patients Attending in the Orthodontic Department of Dhaka Dental College & Hospital
Authors: Habib MA , Rabbani RMG , Yousuf A , Saha AK , Imon HH , Haque ASMR , Hossain MZ
Published: October 2013

Objective: To know the prevalence & pattern of dental health problems among Bangladeshi people. Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Place of study: Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics of Dhaka Dental College & Hospital, Dhaka. Period of study: From September2011 to February2012. Sample selection: In this study, A total of 500 patients   (250 males & 250 females) were selected from Orthodontic department of Dhaka Dental College & Hospital. Results: This was a cross sectional study conducted among 500 patients attending at the department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Dhaka Dental College and Hospital. Gingivitis was the commonest problem in Bangladeshi people according to present study. The second most dental problem was dental caries. The prevalence of orthodontic problems was comparable to the observations made by others. Males and females are equally affected with slight variations in the nature of problems among both genders. Conclusion: Good oral health is essential to improve individual overall health & well-being. We urge to take this information & use it for program planning & advocating for the health of patients, specially for the patients who will receive orthodontic treatment.  Therefore, current orthodontic students should receive more education & training before the management of malocclusion to improve the overall quality of care for orthodontic patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i2.16608 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.3(2) 2013: 19-25
Metagenomics: A New Realm of Uncultured Periodontal Microbes
Authors: Pathak L
Published: October 2013

With over 400 bacterial species the periodontal microbiota has clearly a diverse ecology and uncultivated organisms are found to be associated with the periodontal diseases. Many efforts have been made to determine why so many bacterial species cannot be cultured on conventional bacteriological media and to develop new cultural methods for their isolation. In recent years, metagenomic analysis is available, based on the direct examination of nucleic acids from samples.This review will address the new dimensions of this novel procedure which will lead to a better understanding of the role of oral microbiota in periodontal disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i2.16611 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.3(2) 2013: 36-40
Evaluation of school oral health education program- A review
Authors: Khan MHA , Zaman K , Islam S , Islam MM , Sarwar MG , Rahman MM
Published: October 2013

The objectives of this review were to examine the various methods of school oral health instruction process and to identify success factors for oral health promotion along with the development of a future framework of action for Oral Health Promotion. In this review, the members of the working groups performed the systematic literature search, screening process, rating of the evidence, assessment of the evidence and presentation of the contents of the evidence to the reader. In this study we performed literature searched published between1990 to 2013. Using database including MEDLINE, PUBMED, HINARI, Google and yahoo health. A total of 31 articles were retrieved and 15 of them were selected for review. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen by working group such as studies reported any oral health promotion intervention in school were eligible for inclusion, Study conducted in the school for adult education or handicapped or disables were excluded, oral health education for adult were excluded In this review the working group tried to synthesize the qualitative and quantitative findings from the selected article. All studies were interventiona, the main intervention was oral health education in variable format along with other activities like fissure sealant, application of fluoride, distribution of tooth brush and toothpaste. In oral health education, presentation materials such as poster, tooth brushing model, life model and multimedia presentation were used.  The investigators in five studies distributed tooth brush, tooth paste, tooth brushing calendar etc. Maximum investigators concluded that school oral health education is more or less effective in all situations, the summary of this review  confirmed the hypothesis that there would be better and more homogenous oral health in schools where comprehensive oral health  activities were developed compared with non-supportive schools. School oral health improvement activities has a great impact for the improvement of oral health among the children. The efficacy of oral health education is well-established and it was found that Oral health education in the school decreased the development of new dental diseases among school children. Majority of students had an adequate level of knowledge on oral health but low level of oral health practices. Reinforcement and encourage to maintain the oral health will be more effective for the long term sustainable oral health. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i2.16613 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.3(2) 2013: 45-50
Central Giant Cell Granuloma of Mandible: A Case Report
Authors: Sheikh S , Shambulingappa P , Aggarwal A , Singh R , Kaur I , Mago J
Published: October 2013

Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) is a benign tumour of the jaws. It is relatively uncommon. The most common site involved is anterior part of mandible, especially in females under 30 years of age. The aim of this paper is to present such an uncommon entity in 25 year old Indian female and the diagnostic challenges it posed as it mimics various giant cell lesions of genetic disorders with its treatment options. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i2.16615 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.3(2) 2013: 57-59
Management of Kennedy Class I Partial Edentulism by Removable Cast Partial Denture: A Case Report
Authors: Jamayet NB , Habiba U , Zai SZE , Hossain S
Published: October 2013

Background: Distal extension edentulism can affect the patients ability to function as a dentate person. A well-made removable partial denture that has appropriate extensions, borders and ridge-to-dentition relationship will benefit the partially edentulous patient by providing increased comfort and improved dental function. This article described a patient who had a bilateral distal extension removable partial denture in both upper and lower arch. The prosthesis showed a successful rehabilitation with proper function and aesthetics. Methods: A Kennedy class I bilateral free end saddle edentulous arch in both upper and lower arch was rehabilitated with removable cast partial denture. The case had the reasonable amount of crown: root ratio for the remaining abutment teeth for placement of metal framework, occlusal rest and cast clasp. Results: The delivered denture showed proper sitting of occlusal rest and cast clasp. Retention and stability was acceptable. Occlusion had achieved its desired occlusion scheme. Conclusion: Removable cast partial denture is a suitable option for the rehabilitation of partially edentulous case if the case has such amount of abutment teeth remaining with healthy periodontal condition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i2.16616 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.3(2) 2013: 60
Should Dogs and Cats be Given as Gifts?
Authors: Weiss Emily , Dolan Emily , Garrison Laurie , Hong Julie , Slater Margaret
Published: October 2013

Policies that state dogs and cats should not be adopted as gifts are prevalent at animal welfare organizations, despite the fact that this belief is unfounded. Denying adopters who intend to give the animals as gifts may unnecessarily impede the overarching goal of increasing the rate of live-releases of dogs and cats from our nations’ shelter system. The results of this brief survey show that receiving a dog or cat as a gift was neither significantly associated with impact on self-perceived love/attachment, nor was it associated with whether or not respondents still had the dog or cat in the home. The results from this survey add to a growing body of literature that suggests there is no increased risk of relinquishment for dogs and cats received as a gift.
Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Amination of Alkenes with Amines, Using Molecular Oxygen as Terminal Oxidant
Authors: Obora Yasushi , Ishii Yasutaka
Published: October 2013

In this review, we summarize recent progress from our group with regard to Pd-catalyzed oxidative amination of alkenes with amines. Intermolecular oxidative amination of alkenes with secondary anilines was induced using a palladium-complex catalyst combined with molybdovanadophosphate as a co-catalyst under dioxygen, leading to allylic amines and enamines in good yields with high selectivities. The reaction proceeded efficiently, using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant. In addition, palladium-catalyzed oxidative amination of alkenes with anilines as primary amines was achieved using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant, producing (Z)-N-alkenyl-substituted anilines in high yields.
Symmetry-Based Balance Equation for Local Entropy Density in a Dissipative Multibaker Chain System
Authors: Ishida Hideshi
Published: October 2013

In this study, the balance equation for local entropy density defined on each partition is obtained by the decomposition of the time-evolution operator for local entropy density, on the level of the master equation, by using symmetric and antisymmetric properties for the inversion of partition, density pairs and a given drift velocity. The resultant equation includes the following terms: convection, diffusion, entropy flow due to a thermostat and entropy production. The averaging of the four terms recover the corresponding terms in a balance equation for the macroscopic entropy density of irreversible thermodynamics for a thermostated system. Moreover, an empirical law of order estimation is introduced to explain the limiting behavior of the averaged quantities in the macroscopic limit for the bulk system. The law makes it possible to separate some minor contributions from the major four terms and, for example, to explain the positive entropy production rate in a nonequilibrium state for volume-preserving systems, even if the state is far from steady state. They are numerically confirmed on an invertible, dissipative multibaker chain system, named a circuit model. These properties are independent of partitioning.
Managing Emergencies Optimally Using a Random Neural Network-Based Algorithm
Authors: Han Qing
Published: October 2013

Emergency rescues require that first responders provide support to evacuate injured and other civilians who are obstructed by the hazards. In this case, the emergency personnel can take actions strategically in order to rescue people maximally, efficiently and quickly. The paper studies the effectiveness of a random neural network (RNN)-based task assignment algorithm involving optimally matching emergency personnel and injured civilians, so that the emergency personnel can aid trapped people to move towards evacuation exits in real-time. The evaluations are run on a decision support evacuation system using the Distributed Building Evacuation Simulator (DBES) multi-agent platform in various emergency scenarios. The simulation results indicate that the RNN-based task assignment algorithm provides a near-optimal solution to resource allocation problems, which avoids resource wastage and improves the efficiency of the emergency rescue process.
Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of West Nile Virus in North America
Authors: Mann Brian , McMullen Allison , Swetnam Daniele , Barrett Alan
Published: October 2013

West Nile virus (WNV) was introduced to New York in 1999 and rapidly spread throughout North America and into parts of Central and South America. Displacement of the original New York (NY99) genotype by the North America/West Nile 2002 (NA/WN02) genotype occurred in 2002 with subsequent identification of a novel genotype in 2003 in isolates collected from the southwestern Unites States region (SW/WN03 genotype). Both genotypes co-circulate to date. Subsequent WNV surveillance studies have confirmed additional genotypes in the United States that have become extinct due to lack of a selective advantage or stochastic effect; however, the dynamic emergence, displacement, and extinction of multiple WNV genotypes in the US from 1999–2012 indicates the continued evolution of WNV in North America.