bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An exploration of teaching methods used to develop leaders
Authors: Hartman Nathan S , Allen Scott J , Miguel Rosanna F
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore how educators can benefit from data on teaching methods or sources of learning used for the leader development of undergraduate students. To advance the field, the authors contend that programs for leader development need to clearly identify what area of development is being improved (e.g. conceptual understanding, personal growth, skill building, feedback), intentionally build connections toward those objectives for development, and incorporate experience within the structure of undergraduate education to facilitate better outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

– Ratings on the teaching methods used by participants with experience facilitating leader development activities for undergraduate students were solicited in an online survey. Each participant (n=66) responded to questions about 25 sources of learning for leader development. Questions asked the degree to which each source of learning provided the learning outcomes of conceptual understanding, feedback, skill building, and/or personal growth to undergraduate students.

Findings

– Participants perceived small group discussion, and film/television clips to promote conceptual understanding, while internships and 360-degree feedback did so to a lesser degree. Sources of learning perceived to facilitate skill building were group projects, and giving presentations. Conversely, completing case studies and listening to lectures were rated as unlikely to foster personal growth.

Originality/value

– The results can help educators make a more informed decision about the adoption of teaching methods for leader development. Hopefully, this practice will create standardization in undergraduate leader development that researchers have asked for and serve as a platform for recommending timetables and sources of learning that better define the what and how of leader development. Likewise, these findings benefit industry, because strong parallels to both the content and techniques used in industry and by universities exist.
Anti-harassment policy, manager integrity and intention to report customer sexual harassment
Authors: Tseng Lu-Ming , Kang Yue-Min
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– Prior research showed that sexual harassment by customers is a widespread and serious problem for service workers. However, some of the service workers may be unwilling to report this problem to their managers because customers are important for them and for the interests of the organization. Moreover, reporting customer sexual harassment could be embarrassing and may prompt retaliation against those service workers. The purpose of this paper is to focus on salespeople’s intention to report customer sexual harassment to their immediate managers, and how the whistle-blowing intention is affected by the salespeople’s perception of anti-harassment policy, manager integrity and risks of blowing the whistle.

Design/methodology/approach

– To test the relationships among the variables, the data acquisition procedure yielded the responses of 251 full-time life insurance salespeople in Taiwan.

Findings

– The findings showed that salesperson perception of anti-harassment policy and manager integrity were positively associated with the salespeople’s whistle-blowing intention. Gender, age and personal experience of being sexually harassed by customers also related to the whistle-blowing intention.

Originality/value

– Customer sexual harassment has seldom been discussed in the relevant literature. The potential impacts of manager integrity on the prevention of customer sexual harassment in service work have also been less mentioned.
Ultrasound assisted organic pigment dispersion: advantages of ultrasound method over conventional method
Authors: Badgujar N.P. , Bhoge Y.E. , Deshpande T.D. , Bhanvase B.A. , Gogate P.R. , Sonawane S.H. , Kulkarni R.D.
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– The present work aims to deal with ultrasound-assisted organic pigment (phthalocyanine blue and green) dispersion and its comparison with the conventional approach.

Design/methodology/approach

– Ultrasound is expected to give beneficial results based on the strong shear forces generated by cavitational effects. The dispersion quality for preparation using an ultrasound-based method has been compared with dispersion obtained using high-speed dispersion mill. Effects of different operating parameters such as probe diameter and use of surfactants on the physical properties of dispersion and the colour strength have been investigated. Calculations for the energy requirement for two approaches have also been presented.

Findings

– The use of sodium dodecyl sulphate and Tween 80 surfactants shows better performance in terms of the colour properties of dispersion prepared in water and organic solvent, respectively. Ultrasound gives better dispersion quality as compared to the conventional approach.

Originality/value

– The present work presents a new approach of ultrasound-assisted dispersion of phthalocyanine blue and green pigments. Understanding into the effect of surfactants and type of solvent also presents new important design-related information.
The influence of paper whiteness, roughness and gloss on the optical density of colour digital printing
Authors: Ataeefard Maryam
Published: June 2015

Purpose

– This paper aims to investigate the effect of paper properties (whiteness, gloss and roughness) on colour laser printing quality. Paper characteristics have a significant influence on print quality and are crucial variables for predicting and reproducing colour.

Design/methodology/approach

– Six kinds of paper with different properties were selected and the effects of the paper characteristics on the printed paper were studied. Samples were printed with cyan, magenta and yellow toner with a laser printer under identical conditions. The papers and printed papers were evaluated with atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope, gloss-meter, spectrophotometer and densitometer.

Findings

– Results showed that print quality is statistically dependent on paper type, and the average optical density of printed paper varied for different papers. Furthermore, the increase in the roughness and gloss of the papers in comparison to whiteness more significantly affected the optical density of paper by reducing it.

Practical implications

– To achieve high-quality print, laser printing paper and toner require controlled characteristics.

Originality/value

– For the first time, the present study evaluated the influence of paper properties on the quality of colour laser printing.
Physical property analysis and preserved relative amplitude processed seismic imaging of volcanogenic massive sulfides—a case study from Neves–Corvo, Portugal
Authors: Yavuz Sinem , Kinkela Jai , Dzunic Aleksandar , Penney Matthew , Neto Rodrigo , Araújo Vitor , Ziramov Sasha , Pevzner Roman , Urosevic Milovan
Published: June 2015

Neves–Corvo is one of the biggest mining districts on the Portuguese side of the Iberian Pyrite Belt hosting six different lower Carboniferous copper, zinc, lead and tin orebodies including Lombador, Neves, Graça, Corvo, Zambujal, and Semblana. During the past 50 years, geological, geochemical, and geophysical methods were utilized in the exploration of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits at Neves–Corvo. Electromagnetic, earth resistivity, and principally gravimetry methods played major roles in the geophysical exploration of the area. However, in 2011, as the exploration depth for volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization became ever deeper, the surface reflection seismic technique was trialled.

Initially, elastic property measurements were employed on numerous core samples to determine the seismic properties of the major formations of Neves–Corvo. The contrast in acoustic impedance values derived from these measurements showed that there should be a significant difference in the seismic response of mineralization relative to the surrounding host rocks. Based on this, a high‐resolution 3D seismic survey was acquired over the Neves–Corvo mine and its southeastern extension in order to image known deep volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization to validate the seismic reflection technique and to potentially identify new mineralization targets. As a result, the Semblana and Lombador deposits were successfully imaged, along with key lithological contacts and geologic structures. Additionally, copper sulfide extensions south of Semblana were discovered. Unfortunately, all of the high‐priority targets that were identified from the seismic data were subsequently drilled and many of them found to be non‐economic.

In order to overcome the non‐uniqueness of the original seismic data, full‐waveform sonic and pseudo‐logs were used to model different interfaces and calibrate the seismic data. These results indicated that preserved relative amplitude processing might be of importance to help reduce the ambiguity in direct detection of volcanogenic massive sulfide based on seismic amplitude anomalies. The customized relative amplitude processing of a sub‐dataset over the Semblana deposit was then performed. The newly obtained seismic cube was calibrated with existing drillholes, and a volumetric interpretation was performed by utilizing amplitude‐based geobodies. Eventually, superior target zonation and precision for the subsequent deep drilling campaign was achieved with the revised interpretation, clearly showing that the high priority targets originally identified from the legacy data would not have passed the targeting criteria in the reprocessed data due to their relatively weak amplitude response. The results obtained from this study inspired the subsequent reprocessing of the full seismic dataset.
Who escapes detection? Quantifying the causes and consequences of sampling biases in a long‐term field study
Authors: Kidd Lindall R. , Sheldon Ben C. , Simmonds Emily G. , Cole Ella F.
Published: June 2015

Inferences drawn from long‐term field studies are vulnerable to biases in observability of different classes of individuals, which may lead to biases in the estimates of selection, or fitness.

Population surveys that monitor breeding individuals can introduce such biases by not identifying individuals that fail early in their reproductive attempts.

Here, we quantify how the standard protocol for detecting breeding females introduces bias in a long‐term population study of the great tit,Parus major. We do so by identifying females whose breeding attempts fail before they would normally be censused and explore whether this early failure can be predicted by a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We investigate the effect of these biases on estimates of reproductive performance and selection.

We show that females that go undetected by standard censusing because they fail early in their breeding attempt were less likely to have been previously trapped within our study site and were more likely to breed in poor‐quality habitats. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this bias sampling had lead previous studies on this population to overestimate the reproductive performance of unringed females, which are likely to be immigrants to the population. Finally, we show that these biases in detectability influence estimates of selection on a key life‐history trait.

While these conclusions are specific to this study, we suggest that such effects are likely to be widespread and that more attention should be given to whether or not methods for surveying natural populations introduce systematic bias that will influence conclusions about ecological and evolutionary processes.
Beyond the Mirrored Horizon: Modern Ontology and Amodern Possibilities in the Anthropocene
Authors: DAVISON AIDAN
Published: June 2015

Early talk of the Anthropocene has been prompted by material evidence of the incoherence of ontological divisions between humanity and the rest of Earth. Yet, ironically, it has also been dominated by modern narratives about human distinction, autonomy, and dominion. Along with recrimination about the death of nature, the modern Anthropocene carries hope of human redemption through natural evolution or technological progress. The resulting narratives of enlightened planetary stewardship reduce earthly multitudes to a common denominator, shoring up the mirrored horizons within which modern humans encounter only themselves. In response,Iexplore amodern possibilities for action in an Anthropocene beyond modern referents of nature and culture. These possibilities open up choices within planetary dynamics that are inherently human but not reducible to human agency. This is a politics of sustenance attuned to difference and relation and directed to the multitude of human‐other‐than‐human collectives, to the specific shared projects of existence, in which human interests are composed.
Geographers and the Discourse of an Earth Transformed: Influencing the Intellectual Weather or Changing the Intellectual Climate?
Authors: CASTREE NOEL
Published: June 2015

This article considers how geographers might choose to respond to many geoscientists' claims that we are entering ‘the age of humans’. These claims, expressed in the concepts of the Anthropocene, planetary boundaries and global tipping points, make epochal claims about Earth surface change that are also far‐reaching claims upon Earth's current inhabitants. The scale and scope of their normative implications are extraordinarily grand. After describing the content and wider context for these claims, the history of some geographers' engagement with global change research is sketched and their current contributions described. Wider alterations in the modus operandi of global change scientists seem to offer a perfect opportunity for geographers to demonstrate the intellectual and societal value of their discipline's ‘integrative’ aspirations. However, the article suggests that this opportunity is likely to be used in a rather conservative way that downplays the sort of wide, deep and plural forms of integrative analysis that a post‐Holocene world surely calls for. Such forms exist in geography but are currently not, by and large, feeding into wider debates in global change research about how to understand and influence the future of Earth and humanity. The question is: how might they serve to alter the intellectual climate prevailing in global change research as Future Earth becomes the new umbrella for its next phase of development?
Phosphite utilization by the globally important marine diazotroph Trichodesmium
Authors: Polyviou Despo , Hitchcock Andrew , Baylay Alison J. , Moore C. Mark , Bibby Thomas S.
Published: June 2015

Species belonging to the filamentous cyanobacterial genus Trichodesmium are responsible for a significant fraction of oceanic nitrogen fixation. The availability of phosphorus (P) likely constrains the growth of Trichodesmium in certain regions of the ocean. Moreover, Trichodesmium species have recently been shown to play a role in an emerging oceanic phosphorus redox cycle, further highlighting the key role these microbes play in many biogeochemical processes in the contemporary ocean. Here, we show that Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 can grow on the reduced inorganic compound phosphite as its sole source of P. The components responsible for phosphite utilization are identified through heterologous expression of the T. erythraeum IMS101 Tery_0365–0368 genes, encoding a putative adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐binding cassette transporter and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)‐dependent dehydrogenase, in the model cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. We demonstrate that only combined expression of both the transporter and the dehydrogenase enables Synechocystis to utilize phosphite, confirming the function of Tery_0365‐0367 as a phosphite uptake system (PtxABC) and Tery_0368 as a phosphite dehydrogenase (PtxD). Our findings suggest that reported uptake of phosphite by Trichodesmium consortia in the field likely reflects an active biological process by Trichodesmium. These results highlight the diversity of phosphorus sources available to Trichodesmium in a resource‐limited ocean.
Interplay between the genetic clades of Micromonas and their viruses in the Western English Channel
Authors: Baudoux A.‐C. , Lebredonchel H. , Dehmer H. , Latimier M. , Edern R. , Rigaut‐Jalabert F. , Ge P. , Guillou L. , Foulon E. , Bozec Y. , Cariou T. , Desdevises Y. , Derelle E. , Grimsley N. , Moreau H. , Simon N.
Published: June 2015

The genus Micromonas comprises distinct genetic clades that commonly dominate eukaryotic phytoplankton community from polar to tropical waters. This phytoplankter is also recurrently infected by abundant and genetically diverse prasinoviruses. Here we report on the interplay between prasinoviruses and Micromonas with regard to the genetic diversity of this host. For 1 year, we monitored the abundance of three clades of Micromonas and their viruses in the Western English Channel, both in the environment using clade‐specific probes and flow cytometry, and in the laboratory using clonal strains of Micromonas clades to assay for their viruses by plaque‐forming units. We showed that the seasonal fluctuations of Micromonas clades were closely mirrored by the abundance of their corresponding viruses, indicating that the members of Micromonas genus are susceptible to viral infection, regardless of their genetic affiliation. The characterization of 45 viral isolates revealed that Micromonas clades are attacked by specific virus populations, which exhibit distinctive clade specificity, life strategies and genetic diversity. However, some viruses can also cross‐infect different host clades, suggesting a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer within the Micromonas genus. This study provides novel insights into the impact of viral infection for the ecology and evolution of the prominent phytoplankter Micromonas.
Allergic sensitization is associated with inadequate antioxidant responses in mice and men
Authors: Utsch L. , Folisi C. , Akkerdaas J. H. , Logiantara A. , van de Pol M. A. , van der Zee J. S. , Krop E. J. M. , Lutter R. , van Ree R. , van Rijt L. S.
Published: June 2015

Background

Allergies arise from aberrant Th2 responses to allergens. The processes involved in the genesis of allergic sensitization remain elusive. Some allergens such as derived from house dust mites have proteolytic activity which can induce oxidative stress in vivo. A reduced capacity of the host to control oxidative stress might prime for allergic sensitization.

Methods

Two different strains of mice were compared for their antioxidant and immune response to HDM. Protease activity of the HDM extract was reduced to investigate its role in oxidative stress induction in the airways and whether this induction could determine allergic sensitization and inflammation. The role of oxidative stress in allergic sensitization was also investigated in humans. An occupational cohort of animal workers was followed for the development of sensitization to rodent urinary proteins. Levels of oxidative stress in serum and antioxidant responses by PBMCs were determined.

Results

Susceptibility to allergic sensitization to mite allergens in mice was highly dependent on host genetic background and was associated with oxidative stress in the lungs before allergen exposure and poor antioxidant response after allergen exposure. Reduction in mite protease activity limited its capacity to induce oxidative stress and allergic inflammation in mice. We showed that also in human subjects, oxidative stress before allergen exposure and poor antioxidant responses were associated with predisposition to occupational allergy.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that oxidative stress condition before allergen exposure due to an inadequate antioxidant response may prime for allergic Th2 responses.
Carbon and Cash in Climate Assemblages: The Making of a New Global Citizenship
Authors: Arora‐Jonsson Seema , Westholm Lisa , Temu Beatus John , Petitt Andrea
Published: June 2015

Climate instruments such as REDD+ (Reducing Emissions by Deforestation and Degradation) promise a win–win proposition as villagers in Africa are paid for their efforts to conserve forests and sequester carbon. REDD+ assembles divergent interests at different scales—from bureaucrats to individual villagers. We argue that climate assemblages are shifting the space of the political by regulating practices that previously had local and national provenance. They are producing “state‐like” effects that touch deeply on citizenship. Villagers are drawn into a shifting REDD+ assemblage and subject to new identifications as entrepreneurs and responsible environmental citizens, meant to look after a new global commons. We shift the discussion to deal seriously with questions of a “global” citizenship, not in its utopian sense, but by bringing into light the dark side of global citizenship already in practice in environmental governance. Forests and peoples are in practice made global—we must conceptualize the rights of this “global” citizenship
Very preterm infants can detect small variations in light levels in incubators
Authors: Zores Claire , Dufour André , Pebayle Thierry , Langlet Claire , Astruc Dominique , Kuhn Pierre
Published: June 2015

Aim

This prospective observational study was designed to improve our understanding of the responses of very preterm infants to light level variations in incubators and to evaluate what determined those reactions.

Methods

The physiological responses of 27 very preterm infants were analysed following variations in the light level environments of their incubators over 10 hours. Heart and respiratory rates, systemic oxygen saturation and regional cerebral oxygen saturations were recorded using near‐infrared spectroscopy, and the variation of each parameter was analysed.

Results

We analysed 332 light level changes. Heart rate increased by 3.8 beats per minute (range −2.6 to 12.6), respiratory rate by six cycles per minute (−1.5 to 26) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation by 1.1% (−0.5% to 3.9%) (p < 0.05 each) when delta lux was over 50. Only respiratory rate decreased significantly, by −8.4 cycles per minute (−28 to −0.4), when delta lux was 50 or lower (p < 0.05). The initial level of illumination altered the very preterm infants’ responses, with higher reactivity for higher ambient light levels.

Conclusion

Very preterm infants reacted to moderate variations in illumination in their incubator, within recommended ranges of light levels, suggesting that they may detect even small light level variations.
Parents tend to underestimate cognitive deficits in 10‐ to 13‐year‐olds born with an extremely low birth weight
Authors: Koivisto Annika , Klenberg Liisa , Tommiska Viena , Lano Aulikki , Laine Matti , Fellman Vineta , Haavisto Anu ,   the Finnish ELBW Cohort Study Group (FinELBW)
Published: June 2015

Aim

This study determined the cognitive outcomes of Finnish children born with an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and assessed the agreement between their neuropsychological assessment and how their parents evaluated their cognitive difficulties.

Methods

The study focused on 121 children from anELBWcohort with a mean age of 11.6 years (range 10.3–13.8) and assessed them using a standardised test of intelligence, a neuropsychological test battery and a parental developmental questionnaire. The results were compared with the test norms.

Results

ELBWchildren exhibited global cognitive impairment compared to the test norms, with no differences between children who were small or appropriate for gestational age. Children with average intelligence displayed specific impairment in executive, sensorimotor and visuospatial functions. Corresponding functions in the parental evaluation and neuropsychological assessment were associated, but 16–26% of children scoring under the clinical cut‐off value in the neuropsychological test domains were not detected by the parental evaluations.

Conclusion

Children born with anELBWfaced a high risk of global cognitive impairment at a mean age of 11.6 years, and those with average intelligence were at risk of specific cognitive sequelae. Compared to the neuropsychological tests, up to one‐fourth of the parents underestimated their child's cognitive problems.
Actigraphy is not a reliable method for measuring sleep patterns in neonates
Authors: Rioualen Stéphane , Roué Jean‐Michel , Lefranc Jérémie , Gouillou Maëlenn , Nowak Emmanuel , Alavi Zarrin , Dubourg Morgane , Sizun Jacques
Published: June 2015

Aim

Polysomnography is the gold standard for studying sleep, but it is complex to use, and this can be problematic in clinically unstable preterm infants. We evaluated the reliability of actigraphy and polysomnography in detecting sleep–wake patterns in newborn infants.

Methods

A prospective, monocentric study was conducted that measured the sleep patterns of 48 infants: 24 late preterm neonates born at 34–36 weeks of gestational age and 24 term neonates. We used both polysomnography and the Actiwatch Mini during a three‐hour period and then compared the results from the two methods.

Results

The baseline measurements for the preterm and terms groups were as follows: gestational age (34.5 weeks and 39.2 weeks), birthweight (2368 g and 3393 g) and age (6.4 days and 0.72 days). With the Actiwatch Mini, sensitivity for the late preterm and full‐term infants was 78% and 87% for the leg actigraph and 78% and 93% for the arm actigraph. For specificity, the respective figures were 42% and 31% for the leg and 34% and 20% for the arm.

Conclusion

Actigraphy using the Actiwatch Mini was not a reliable method for measuring sleep patterns in healthy late preterm and term neonates a few days after birth.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukaemia in pregnancy
Authors: Ali Sahra , Jones Gail L. , Culligan Dominic J. , Marsden Philippa J. , Russell Nigel , Embleton Nicholas D. , Craddock Charles ,   the British Committee for Standards in Haematology
Published: June 2015

Summary of recommendations

Pregnant women should be managed by a multidisciplinary team that includes haematologists, obstetricians, neonatologists and anaesthetists (Grade 1C)

As for non‐pregnant patients, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) should be diagnosed using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (Grade 1A)

Women diagnosed with AML in pregnancy should be treated without delay (Grade 1B)

When the diagnosis of AML is made in the first trimester, a successful pregnancy outcome is unlikely and spontaneous pregnancy loss in this situation carries considerable risks for the mother. The reasons for and against elective termination should be discussed with the patient (Grade 2C)

In the case of presentation beyond 32 weeks gestation, it may be reasonable to deliver the foetus prior to commencement of chemotherapy (Grade 2C)

Between 24 and 32 weeks, risks of foetal chemotherapy exposure must be balanced against risks of prematurity following elective delivery at that stage of gestation (Grade 1C)

The risk‐benefit ratio must be carefully considered before using any drugs in pregnancy (Grade 1C)

Where AML induction chemotherapy is delivered, a standard daunorubicin, cytarabine 3 + 10 schedule should be used (Grade 1B)

Chemotherapy should be dosed according to actual body weight and adjustments made for weight changes during treatment (Grade 1C)

Quinolones, tetracyclines and sulphonamide use should be avoided in pregnancy (Grade 1B)

Amphotericin B or lipid derivatives are the antifungal of choice in pregnancy (Grade 2C)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐negative blood products should be administered during pregnancy regardless of CMV serostatus (Grade 1B)

A course of corticosteroids should be considered if delivery is anticipated between 24 and 35 weeks gestation, given over a 48‐h period during the week prior to delivery (Grade 1A)

Use of magnesium sulphate should be considered in the 24 h prior to delivery if this is before 30 weeks gestation (Grade 1A)

Where possible, delivery should be planned for a time when the woman is at least 3 weeks post‐chemotherapy to minimize risk of neonatal myelosuppression (Grade 1C)

Planned delivery is easier to manage than spontaneous labour; induction of labour is usually advised (Grade 2C)

Epidural analgesia should be avoided in a woman who is significantly thrombocytopenic (platelet count <80 × 109/l) and/or neutropenic (white blood cell count <1 × 109/l): (Grade 1C)

Elective caesarean section should only be recommended for obstetric indications (Grade 2C)

Antibiotics should be administered during and after premature rupture of membranes and delivery (Grade 1C)
Expression of MAS1 in breast cancer
Authors: Luo Yi , Tanabe Eriko , Kitayoshi Misaho , Nishiguchi Yukiko , Fujiwara Rina , Matsushima Sayako , Sasaki Takamitsu , Sasahira Tomonori , Chihara Yoshitomo , Nakae Dai , Fujii Kiyomu , Ohmori Hitoshi , Kuniyasu Hiroki
Published: June 2015

MAS1 is a receptor for angiotensin 1‐7 (A1‐7), which is derived from angiotensin II (A‐II) by the action of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2. MAS1 induces anti‐A‐II phenotypes, such as vessel dilation and depression of blood pressure. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the role of MAS1 in 132 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. While benign mammary tissues expressed MAS1 at high levels, MAS1 expression was attenuated in all IDC, especially in scirrhous IDC. The decrease in MAS1 expression was associated with tumor growth, lymph node metastasis, and grade. MAS1 expression was inversely associated with the proliferation index and epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 expression. Of the 132 cases, 12 (9.1%) were triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases. All TNBC cases (the 12 cases and the additional 36 cases using a tissue array) expressed MAS1. Using the TNBC cell lines 4T1 and MDA‐MB‐468, which expresses MAS1, we found that cell growth, anti‐apoptotic survival and invasion were suppressed by MAS1 activation with A1‐7 treatment and enhanced by MAS1 knockdown. In contrast, synergic effect was found between tamoxifen and A1‐7 in a luminal A breast cancer cell line, MCF‐7. Combination treatment with cisplatin, an ACE2 activator, and an A‐II type 1 receptor blocker showed synergic effects on tumor growth inhibition of 4T1 tumors in a syngeneic mouse model. These findings suggest that MAS1 might act as an inhibitory regulator of breast cancer and may be a possible molecular target for this malignancy.
Parents in high‐conflict custodial cases: negotiating shared care across households
Authors: Jevne Kari Sjøhelle , Andenæs Agnes
Published: June 2015

Understanding the dynamics of custodial conflicts is important for reducing the level of such conflicts and improving the upbringing conditions for the children involved. The parents in these cases care for children living in two households, and our approach therefore draws on the knowledge of how ‘ordinary’ parents proceed in sharing care within and between locations. The paper is based on qualitative interviews with 15 Norwegian parents who were in contact with the child protection service during their custodial disagreements, indicating a high level of conflict and concerns about inadequate care. When describing and reflecting upon their practices of care, the parents speak from two main positions: as a concerned parent or an accused parent. These positions imply different approaches on how to share care, which offer insight into the mechanisms of getting stuck. Although the concerned parent worries about the child's well‐being while staying with the other parent and thereby aims to take a continuous responsibility across households, the accused parent perceives the co‐parent's involvement as undue and negotiates increased distance in parenting. Focusing on practices of care may contribute to turning the attention away from conflicts between former partners and towards the child's situation.
Uptake of health monitoring and disease self‐management in Australian adults with neurofibromatosis type 1: strategies to improve care
Authors: Crawford H.A. , Barton B. , Wilson M.J. , Berman Y. , McKelvey‐Martin V.J. , Morrison P.J. , North K.N.
Published: June 2015

Lifelong health monitoring is recommended in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) because of the progressive and unpredictable range of disabling and potentially life‐threatening symptoms that arise. In Australia, strategies for NF1 health surveillance are less well developed for adults than they are for children, resulting in inequalities between pediatric and adult care. The aims of this study were to determine the uptake of health monitoring and capacity of adults with NF1 to self‐manage their health. Australian adults with NF1 (n = 94, 18–40 years) participated in a semi‐structured interview. Almost half reported no regular health monitoring. Thematic analysis of interviews identified four main themes as to why: (i) did not know where to seek care, (ii) unaware of the need for regular monitoring, (iii) futility of health monitoring as nothing can be done for NF1, and (iv) feeling healthy, therefore monitoring unnecessary. Overall, there were low levels of patient activation, indicating that adults with NF1 lacked knowledge and confidence to manage their health and health care. Findings are discussed in the context of service provision for adults with NF1 in New South Wales, Australia.
Cortical Bone Augmentation Versus Nerve Lateralization for Treatment of Atrophic Posterior Mandible: A Retrospective Study and Review of Literature
Authors: Khojasteh Arash , Hassani Ali , Motamedian Saeed Reza , Saadat Sarang , Alikhasi Marzieh
Published: June 2015

Purpose

We sought to assess implant success/survival/failure rate following cortical autogenous tenting technique (CATT) versus inferior alveolar nerve transposition (IANT) in the posterior mandible.

Materials and Methods

Patients who underwent these two procedures between 2007 and 2011 were analyzed. CATT was performed using lateral ramus block graft and implants were inserted simultaneously or after 4 to 6 months. In IANT, implants were placed simultaneously after nerve transposition with or without mental foramen involvement. Data regarding marginal bone level (MBL), pus discharge (PD), neurosensory dysfunction (NSD), implant mobility, and failure were collected. Success rate was measured based on Pisa Consensus. Independent sample t‐test with a significance level of 0.05 was used to compare implant dimensions and MBL changes between the two techniques.

Results

A total of 118 patients with a mean age of 54.85 years were included. The mean follow‐up after CATT and IANT was 37.97 and 18.51 months, respectively. The overall survival and success rates of dental implants in the CATT group were 98.73% and 71.52%, respectively. The corresponding values for IANT subjects were 98.74% and 94.56%, respectively. Implant length and diameter in IANT group were significantly longer and wider than implants used after CATT (p value < .001). MBL changes in both techniques were less than 1 mm (p value = .79). Two cases of NSD, seven PD, and two implant failures were found in the CATT group. For IANT patients, seven permanent NSD, two PD, two implant failures, and one mandibular fracture were documented.

Conclusion

Both techniques had implant survival rates similar to implants placed in unaltered bone. A higher implant success rate, albeit with higher incidence of long‐lasting nerve damage, was observed in the IANT group.
A different cause for respiratory disorder in children: cases with pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Asilsoy Suna , Yazici Nalan , Demir Senay , Erbay Ayse , Koçer Emrah , Sarıalioğlu Faik
Published: June 2015

Background and Aims

In children, complaints of a respiratory disorder are very frequent. Etiology of respiratory illness is a broad spectrum that varies from a simple viral infection to a malignant disorder. Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is one of these entities and it is truly rare in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate our patients with PLCH.

Methods

Patients who had been diagnosed with PLCH were retrospectively evaluated. Features of medical history, onset of the complaints, date of the diagnosis, chest X‐Ray and computed tomography (CT) findings, histopathology and other laboratory investigations were considered.

Results

There were four cases with PLCH. All of them were male, ages were between 5 months and 16 years. In three cases, major complaints were chronic respiratory problems whereas in one of them there was acute respiratory distress beginning with cough and leading to pneumothorax. In all of the cases, multisystemic involvement was prominent. The diagnosis was proven by histopathology in all of the cases. In two children with smaller age, skin involvement was detected. Time from complaint to diagnosis was minimum 3 months and maximum 3 years.

Conclusion

PLCH is a rare disorder in children. Pulmonary involvement is generally a component of systemic involvement but in many cases it might have been detected with early respiratory complaints. So, children with chronic respiratory problems should be carefully evaluated and should be followed up for rare entities like PLCH.
Process Improvement for Interinstitutional Research Contracting
Authors: Varner Michael , Logan Jennifer , Bjorklund Todd , Whitfield Jesse , Reed Peggy , Lesher Laurie , Sikalis Amy , Brown Brent , Drollinger Sandy , Larrabee Kristine , Thompson Kristie , Clark Erin , Workman Michael , Boi Luca
Published: June 2015

Introduction

Sponsored research increasingly requires multiinstitutional collaboration. However, research contracting procedures have become more complicated and time consuming. The perinatal research units of two colocated healthcare systems sought to improve their research contracting processes.

Methods

The Lean Process, a management practice that iteratively involves team members in root cause analyses and process improvement, was applied to the research contracting process, initially using Process Mapping and then developing Problem Solving Reports.

Results

Root cause analyses revealed that the longest delays were the individual contract legal negotiations. In addition, the “business entity” was the research support personnel of both healthcare systems whose “customers” were investigators attempting to conduct interinstitutional research. Development of mutually acceptable research contract templates and language, chain of custody templates, and process development and refinement formats decreased the Notice of Grant Award to Purchase Order time from a mean of 103.5 days in the year prior to Lean Process implementation to 45.8 days in the year after implementation (p = 0.004).

Conclusions

The Lean Process can be applied to interinstitutional research contracting with significant improvement in contract implementation.
Patient Engagement in Neurological Clinical Trials Design: A Conference Summary
Authors: Cobb Enesha M. , Meurer William , Harney Deneil , Silbergleit Robert , Lake Bray Patrick , Clark Christina , Gipson Debbie , Barsan William
Published: June 2015

Objectives

The conference objectives included educating patients and advocates about clinical trials, educating the clinical research community about patient perspectives on participating in clinical trial design, and identifying strategies to increase participation in clinical trial design for neurological disorders.

Design

Observations were noted during a 1‐day conference attended by patients, patient advocates, clinical trial staff, and investigators. The conference offered didactic sessions, small, and large group discussions.

Participants

Conference participants were patients, patient advocates, clinical trial staff, students, and investigators interested in engaging patients in clinical trial design for neurological disorders.

Measures

Conference participants were asked to consider lessons learned that could increase patient engagement in clinical trial design.

Results

We found that there is growing interest in including patients in the design of clinical trials for neurological disorders. Several themes emerged on how to move forward: networking; the multifaceted roles of advocates in research; training and education; creating patient–researcher partnerships; and clinical trials regulation issues.

Conclusions

The conference provided a forum for dialogue regarding stakeholder engagement in the design of clinical trials for neurological disorders. This experience provides a template for replication and dissemination of this conference and informs next steps to accelerate the pathway from dialogue to action.
Towards proper sampling and statistical modelling of defects
Authors: Cetin A. , Roiko A. , Lind M.
Published: June 2015

Predicting the size of the largest defect expected to occur in components based on samples obtained from polished inspection areas is a common exercise, which is even addressed in standards. However, the standard practice may occasionally yield poor results. This paper presents a comprehensive method that aims to improve some of the shortcomings of the standard practice. The method is utilized on actual defect data, which showed that the proposed method is able to predict significant experimental observations that the standard practice missed.
Disciplinary reporting affects the interpretation of climate change impacts in global oceans
Authors: Hauser Donna D. W. , Tobin Elizabeth D. , Feifel Kirsten M. , Shah Vega , Pietri Diana M.
Published: June 2015

Climate change is affecting marine ecosystems, but different investigative approaches in physical, chemical, and biological disciplines may influence interpretations of climate‐driven changes in the ocean. Here, we review the ocean change literature from 2007 to 2012 based on 461 of the most highly cited studies in physical and chemical oceanography and three biological subdisciplines. Using highly cited studies, we focus on research that has shaped recent discourse on climate‐driven ocean change. Our review identified significant differences in spatial and temporal scales of investigation among disciplines. Physical/chemical studies had a median duration of 29 years (n = 150) and covered the greatest study areas (median 1.41 × 107 km2, n = 148). Few biological studies were conducted over similar spatial and temporal scales (median 8 years, n = 215; median 302 km2, n = 196), suggesting a more limited ability to separate climate‐related responses from natural variability. We linked physical/chemical and biological disciplines by tracking studies examining biological responses to changing ocean conditions. Of the 545 biological responses recorded, a single physical or chemical stressor was usually implicated as the cause (59%), with temperature as the most common primary stressor (44%). The most frequently studied biological responses were changes in physiology (31%) and population abundance (30%). Differences in disciplinary studies, as identified in this review, can ultimately influence how researchers interpret climate‐related impacts in marine systems. We identified research gaps and the need for more discourse in (1) the Indian and other Southern Hemisphere ocean basins; (2) research themes such as archaea, bacteria, viruses, mangroves, turtles, and ocean acidification; (3) physical and chemical stressors such as dissolved oxygen, salinity, and upwelling; and (4) adaptive responses of marine organisms to climate‐driven ocean change. Our findings reveal that highly cited biological studies are rarely conducted on scales that match those of physical and chemical studies. Rather, we suggest a need for measuring responses at biologically relevant scales.
Highly sensitive alpha‐fetoprotein, Lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction of alpha‐fetoprotein and des‐gamma‐carboxyprothrombin for hepatocellular carcinoma detection
Authors: Caviglia Gian Paolo , Abate Maria Lorena , Petrini Elisa , Gaia Silvia , Rizzetto Mario , Smedile Antonina
Published: June 2015

Aim

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops with high incidence in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), and particularly in those with cirrhosis. Currently, diagnosis and surveillance are mainly based on imaging methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of highly sensitive measurement of α‐fetoprotein (AFP), Lens culinaris agglutinin‐reactive fraction of AFP (AFP‐L3) and des‐γ‐carboxyprothrombin (DCP) alone and in combination, for HCC detection. In addition, a recently proposed statistical model, including these three biomarkers plus sex and age, the GALAD model, was applied.

Methods

In a total of 98 patients (44 CLD patients without HCC [23 men, 21 women; mean age, 53.2 ± 13.4 years] and 54 patients with HCC [45 men, nine women; 69.5 ± 9.8 years]), AFP, AFP‐L3 and DCP levels were determined using a highly sensitive assay on an μTASWako i30 immuno‐analyzer. Areas under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were calculated and compared to assess diagnostic performance of the HCC biomarkers and of the GALAD model.

Results

AFP, AFP‐L3 and DCP serum levels were significantly elevated in HCC compared with CLD patients (P < 0.0001). AUC values were 0.891, 0.867 and 0.870, respectively. The combination of the three biomarkers resulted in an AUC of 0.947, whereas the GALAD model showed an AUC of 0.976 with a difference between AUC values of 0.029 (P = 0.028).

Conclusion

The combination of AFP, AFP‐L3 and DCP is superior to a single biomarker in HCC detection. Furthermore, GALAD model performance is significantly higher than simple combination of these three biomarkers.
Political consumption, conventional politics, and high cultural capital
Authors: Baumann Shyon , Engman Athena , Johnston Josée
Published: June 2015

This article advances our knowledge of how political consumption is related to conventional forms of politics. Using survey data collected in Toronto in 2011, we examine how different kinds of political consumption are related to a range of conventional political behaviours. We find that, contrary to pessimistic views, political consumption is strongly correlated with conventional political behaviours. We do not find evidence for a crowding out or substitution effect of political consumption on conventional political behaviours. However, our findings suggest that political consumption is an individualized and relatively exclusive form of consumption, with demographic correlates that resemble other forms of high status cultural consumption and potentially limit its breadth.
Share, like and achieve: the power of Facebook to reach health‐related goals
Authors: de la Peña Alicia , Quintanilla Claudia
Published: June 2015

Individuals set health goals all the time, but sometimes their intentions are not translated into actions. Even when authors like posit that individuals have the resources and skills needed to achieve the desired behavior, there are occasions when the individual seeks for support among from friends and relatives. Such support can come from several sources, one of them being specific self‐help groups, which are known to be part of a social movement that seeks to promote a social change by allowing individuals to improve their lifestyles and achieve physical and emotional well‐being. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the role social networking sites (SNS) play in providing individuals with a virtual community where they can meet with others in a non‐judgmental environment to share goals and challenges and together find tools and support to translate good intentions into specific actions and as well as accomplish health‐related goals. A Netnography of four SNS was conducted to understand how individuals get motivation and are motivated by SNS peers to consume a healthy diet and engage in physical activity in order to achieve their healthy goals. The Findings reveal that SNS offer individuals a virtual community where they can find encouragement, get answers to specific health‐related questions, and a place to share their success stories, which in turn can motivate others to achieve similar goals. Thus, the quest for health and well‐being can be easily embraced with the aid of digital media to reach millions of people who share similar goals and seek answers to their health‐related concerns.