bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shedding light on the bacterial resistance to toxic UV filters: a comparative genomic study
Authors: Lozano Clément , Lebaron Philippe , Matallana-Surget Sabine
Published: November 2021

UV filters are toxic to marine bacteria that dominate the marine biomass. Ecotoxicology often studies the organism response but rarely integrates the toxicity mechanisms at the molecular level. In this study, in silico comparative genomics between UV filters sensitive and resistant bacteria were conducted in order to unravel the genes responsible for a resistance phenotype. The genomes of two environmentally relevant Bacteroidetes and three Firmicutes species were compared through pairwise comparison. Larger genomes were carried by bacteria exhibiting a resistant phenotype, favoring their ability to adapt to environmental stresses. While the antitoxin and CRISPR systems were the only distinctive features in resistant Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes displayed multiple unique genes that could support the difference between sensitive and resistant phenotypes. Several genes involved in ROS response, vitamin biosynthesis, xenobiotic degradation, multidrug resistance, and lipophilic compound permeability were shown to be exclusive to resistant species. Our investigation contributes to a better understanding of UV filters resistance phenotypes, by identifying pivotal genes involved in key pathways.
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potential in Adults With Cochlear Implants: A Comparison With Adults With Normal Hearing
Authors: Boo Seong-Hyun , Jeong Sung Wook
Published: November 2021

Background and Objectives: To examine the maturational status of the auditory cortex in adults with cochlear implants (CIs) using the latencies of the P1, N1, and P2 components of cortical auditory-evoked potentials (CAEPs). Subjects and Methods: A total of 25 adults with CIs and 25 age-matched, normal-hearing control subjects participated in this study. Specifically, patients with CIs were divided into three groups depending on their age of deafness onset: Group A comprised patients with prelingual deafness who had received CI during early childhood (n=7), Group B comprised patients with early childhood-onset, progressive deafness who had received CI during childhood (n=6), and Group C comprised patients with adult-onset deafness (n=12). The P1, N1, and P2 latencies of their CAEPs were then compared between CI patients and normal-hearing subjects. Results: All participants showed clear CAEP responses. P1 and N1 latencies in Group A and Group C patients were significantly longer than those in the control group. Meanwhile, Group B patients had significantly longer N1 and P2 latencies, as compared with those in the control group. Conclusions: Patients with prelingual deafness and those with early-childhood onset, progressive deafness who received CI developed primary and higher-order auditory areas postoperatively when they became adults. However, their auditory cortex maturational statuses seemed to be worse than that of normal-hearing individuals. Furthermore, adult patients with late-onset deafness might experience degenerative auditory cortex changes during the auditory deprivation period between deafness onset and cochlear implantation.
Diversity of Tree Species in Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Nnadi P. C. , Otene B. B. , David-Sarogoro Nwiisator
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out to examine the distribution of plant species in Rivers State University campus at different locations at the Rivers State University Nkpolu-Oroworukwo Port Harcourt Nigeria. The general objective of this study was to examine the Ecological distribution of plant species in Rivers State University campus at different locations. The specific objective was to determine the species abundance of various plants in the study area and also to examine the ecological diversity of tree species in the various groups. The study area was divided into three groups (stations) with the various plants species identified and recorded. Data gotten from the field was analyzed using descriptive statistic and some ecological indices such as Margalef, Mehinick, Shannon diversity, Shannon Wiener, Evenness/Equitability and Simpson dominance.  A total of one thousand Sixty-nine (1069) individual plant were identified with 16, 17 and 12 species in stations 1-3 respectively. The highest individual plants (561) were observed in station 1 while the least (87) were observed in station 3. The mean values of stations 1 and 2 were significantly and statistically different from site 3 at p<0.05. The results obtained showed some dominant species to include Elaeis guincensis, Polyaithia longifolia, Pinus spp, Gmelina arborea, Wodyetia bifareata, Citrus sinensis, Cocos nuciferia while others were the least dominant species found in the study area. The Margalef, Mehinicks and Shannon Wiener values were consistently highest in station 2 but lowest in station 3.  Human disturbances had negative impact on tree species abundance especially in site 3. It is therefore recommended that management interventions are necessary in other to stop indiscriminate felling of the various trees species that made up the different groups.
Dutch Disease Syndrome: The Nigeria’s Resource Trap Sickness, Easy to Catch, Harmful to the System and Difficult to Cure
Authors: Izang Elijah Yusuf,
Published: November 2021

This study examines the economy of Dutch disease syndrome in Nigeria from 1970 – 1985. The paper argues that the discovery of oil in 1970 opened-up windows of opportunities for the country, as a result of high inflow of petrodollar surpluses. The paradoxical effect is this, after reaching its peak period, the surpluses decline steadily and the revenue it generated when prices were high tends to cause “Dutch Disease”. The result of this study establishes the existence of resource curse in the Nigeria’s economy system. Findings of this study shows that the non-support of tradable sector, corruption, mismanagement, lack of diversification of export base and the non-oil sectors like agriculture, industries and mining, affected the country’s economic base. Thus, it was easy for Nigerians to catch the high oil prices, the decline in the oil boom transformed into a harmful poverty disease and it has now become very difficult to cure despite so many efforts. This shows that, there is a paradox of scarcity amidst plenty. This paper adopts the historical research method which relies on qualitative approach of data analysis. The paper draws conclusion to the fact that, oil discovery in Nigeria is a curse rather than a blessing.
Bermudagrass Control in Sugarcane in Brazil
Authors: Cirilo Lucas Carvalho , Cerdeira Antonio Luiz , Mathias Azania Andrea Aparecida De Padua , Beluci Lucas Ribeiro , Brandão Boneti João Eduardo , Bidóia Vitor Simionato , Mathias Azania Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2021

Aims: Evaluation of the chemicals in controlling bermudagrass weed and effects on sugarcane selectivity.

Study Design: Chamber growth studies: completely randomized design with nine treatments with five replicates. Field studies: Randomized block design with nine treatments with five replicates

Place and Duration of Study: Instituto Agronômico, Centro de Cana, São Paulo State, Brazil, between February/2018 and December/2019.

Methodology: Bermudagrass chemical control was studied in growth chamber in pots. In the first stage, imazapyr, clomazone, indaziflam, sulfentrazone and the control treatment were studied. In the second stage, imazapyr, clomazone, indaziflam were applied and a treatment with no herbicides was maintained. After 75 days of imazapyr application and 38 days of clomazone and indaziflam, clomazone + indaziflam and clomazone + sulfentrazone were applied, in addition to the control treatment. Sugar cane selectivity study was carried out in the field. Before sugarcane planting, imazapyr, clomazone, indaziflam were applied. After planting, clomazone + indaziflam and clomazone + sulfentrazone were applied, in addition to the control treatment.

Results: Clomazone at 1050.0 g ha-1 applied as pre plant at 38 days before planting followed by clomazone at 1050.0 g ha-1 plus sulfentrazone at 650.0 g ha-1 applied 2 days after sugar cane planting was the best treatment for bermudagrass control and yield of the crop. Other viable options for control involved clomazone plus sulfentrazone used after imazapyr or indaziflam.
Comparative In vitro Antibacterial Properties of Methanol Extracts and Fractions of Myristica fragrans Seed and Thymus vulgaris Leaf
Authors: A. Umoh Romanus , C. Essien Affiong , I. Johnny Imoh , A. Andy Nsima , E. Udoh Anwanabasi , T. Umoh Omodot
Published: November 2021

The aim of this work was to compare the antibacterial properties of methanol extracts and fractions of Myristica fragrans seed and Thymus vulgaris leaf on the gram positive and negative bacteria.  The Myristica fragrans seeds were crushed, defatted and air-dried. The defatted seed and leaf powders were separately macerated in absolute methanol for 72 hours. The methanol extracts and fractions were reconstituted at different concentrations of 100mg/mL, 80mg/mL, 60mg/mL, 40mg/mL and 20mg/mL for the antibacterial assay by agar diffusion method with activated cultured Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , incubated at 37oC for 24 hours . The results showed that these plants possess antibacterial activity on the basis of their zones of inhibition. Methanol extract of M. fragrans had a higher activity of 8-19mm on S. aureus than E. coli with 5-14mm range respectively. Ethylacetate fraction had the highest activity with 9-25mm on S. aureus, while chloroform fraction had the highest activity on E. coli with 8-18mm.  For T. vulgaris, the methanol extract had a higher activity of 6-18mm on E. coli than S. aureus of 4-17mm and for the fractions, n-hexane fraction had the highest activity of 7-20mm on S. aureus , while aqueous fraction had the highest activity of 5-18mm on E. coli, compared with zones of inhibition of 18mm against S. aureus  and 28mm against E. coli  for gentamycin of 2mg/mL which was the reference drug. Methanol extracts and fractions of M. fragrans seed and T. vulgaris leaf showed excellent activities on the gram positive and gram negative bacteria but the M. fragrans had a better activity than T. vulgaris.
Quality of Life and Psychological Distress during Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study Involving Liver Cancer Patients
Authors: Malik Madeeha , Kiyani Iqra Parveen , Rana Shazana , Hussain Azhar , Zahid Muhammad Bin Aslam
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Liver Cancer is aggressive cancer and patients are mostly screened and diagnosed when they become symptomatic at advanced. Disease severity, depression, fatigue, joint pain, and poor appetite have been reported as strong determinants of quality of life (QoL) among liver cancer patients.

Aims: The objective of the study was to assess the quality of life and depression among liver cancer patients in Pakistan.

Study Design:  A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in healthcare facilities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan between June 2020-December 2020.

Methodology: Two pre-validated questionnaires i.e. EORTC QLQ-C30 and HADS were self-administered to a sample of 100 liver cancer patients selected using a convenience sampling technique for measuring QoL and depression, respectively. After data collection, data was cleaned, coded, and entered in SPSS.

Results: The results highlighted that the lowest scores observed in the domain of symptom scale were: Nausea and Vomiting (23.72, ± 28.238), Dyspnea (25.27, ± 26.90), Constipation (26.03, ± 34.75) followed by Diarrhea (22.63, ± 28.42), whereas highest scores in the symptom scale were observed in the domain of fatigue (37.69, ± 20.06), pain (40.37, ± 18.44), insomnia (41.65, ± 32.37) and financial difficulties (60.33, ± 33.830). On the other hand, highest score on the functional scale was observed for physical functioning (64, ± 21.76) and the lowest score was observed in social functioning (53.19, ± 20.66).

Conclusion: The present study concluded that liver cancer had a negative impact on risk factors/past medical history, co-morbidities, and poor socio-economic of life across all domains along with moderate depression in liver cancer patients. Illiteracy, advanced liver cancer stage, risk factors/past medical history, co-morbidities and poor socio-economic status negatively affected functional and symptom scale. Appropriate health educational and psychological interventional programs targeting patients should be initiated to improve awareness and reduce depression among liver cancer patients.
Online vs Offline: Experimenting the Belief in Career Exploration Methods of University Students
Authors: Manodara D. K. , Tennakoon W. D. N. S. M. , Lasanthika W. J. A. J. M.
Published: November 2021

The beliefs in career exploration methods varying largely between the online and the offline career exploration methods. Among large pool of career explorers, university undergraduates can be considered as one of the most intense and immature group of explorers. At the same time, it is apparent that students are exploring career opportunities through various methods. Therefore, the primary objective of this research was to find out the beliefs in online and offline exploration methods in university undergraduates and decide the most effective method for career exploration. An experimental model was developed based on Stumpf, Colarelli, & Hartman‘s “Development of the Career Exploration theory. Three treatment groups were formed by the final year university students to denote two main career exploration methods. The sample was selected by randomly assigning an equal number of participants (25). Pre and Post beliefs about each career exploration method were assessed and analyzed to conclude the most effective method. The results found that after the treatment, pre and post believes about career exploration was not been significantly changed by its method. Yet, the amount of information gathered and exploration satisfaction were high in the online method. The respondents never had any systematic or planned way when exploring via online sources. The doubt about reliability of information gathered was high in the offline method. Further, the results revealed that there was no impact of stress and satisfaction for exploration belief. Implications are invited for allocating career exploration awareness for the target group in their early career exploration stages to prepare them for successful career decision making by forward-thinking.
Multistep Crystallization Pathways in the Ambient‐Temperature Synthesis of a New Alkali‐Activated Binder
Authors: Maslyk Marcel , Gäb Tobias , Matveeva Galina , Opitz Phil , Mondeshki Mihail , Krysiak Yasar , Kolb Ute , Tremel Wolfgang
Published: November 2021

Concrete is the most prevalent manufactured material that has shaped the built environment, but the high‐temperature production of cement, the main component of concrete, has a massive carbon footprint. It is shown that CO2 emissions during clinker production of cement can be circumvented by a metathesis reaction at room temperature in ball‐mills, where the cement clinker is replaced by non‐calcined limestone and alkali‐activated binders/geopolymers. An amorphous intermediate (aNaSiCC) containing a random mixture of the ionic constituents in “molecular” dispersion is formed by mechanochemical activation of CaCO3 and Na2SiO3. This allows molecular transport during crystallization and low activated reactions, as precipitation of solids from liquids (nucleation limited and kinetically controlled) and solid‐state transformations (diffusion‐limited and thermodynamically controlled) have equal weight. Several steps of the hydration reaction could be resolved. Activating the amorphous aNaSiCC precursor with NaOH leads to a CSH‐like phase with a C/S ratio of ≈1 containing some sodium. The carbonate components pass through a multistep crystallization from aNaSiCC via pirssonite and gaylussite to monohydrocalcite. The findings help unravel the interplay between thermodynamics and kinetics in complex reactions of alkali‐activated binders and for CaCO3 crystallization in industrial and geochemical settings, where dissolved silicate is always involved.
3D Printed Dual‐Porosity Scaffolds: The Combined Effect of Stiffness and Porosity in the Modulation of Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Camarero‐Espinosa Sandra , Carlos‐Oliveira Maria , Liu Hong , Mano João F. , Bouvy Nicole , Moroni Lorenzo
Published: November 2021

Tissue regeneration evolves toward the biofabrication of sophisticated 3D scaffolds. However, the success of these will be contingent to their capability to integrate within the host. The control of the mechanical or topographical properties of the implant appears as an ideal method to modulate the immune response. However, the interplay between these properties is yet not clear. Dual‐porosity scaffolds with varying mechanical and topographical features are created, and their immunomodulatory properties in rat alveolar macrophages in vitro and in vivo in a rat subcutaneous model are evaluated. Scaffolds are fabricated via additive manufacturing and thermally induced phase separation methods from two copolymers with virtually identical chemistries, but different stiffness. The introduction of porosity enables the modulation of macrophages toward anti‐inflammatory phenotypes, with secretion of IL‐10 and TGF‐β. Soft scaffolds (<5 kPa) result in a pro‐inflammatory phenotype in contrast to stiffer (>40 kPa) scaffolds of comparable porosities supporting a pro‐healing phenotype, which appears to be related to the surface spread area of cells. In vivo, stiff scaffolds integrate, while softer scaffolds appear encapsulated after three weeks of implantation, resulting in chronic inflammation after six weeks. The results demonstrate the importance of evaluating the interplay between topography and stiffness of candidate scaffolds.
Revisiting the Ethylene Carbonate–Propylene Carbonate Mystery with Operando Characterization
Authors: Melin Tim , Lundström Robin , Berg Erik J.
Published: November 2021

The “ethylene carbonate (EC)–propylene carbonate (PC) mystery” has puzzled electrochemists for decades. Surprisingly, the minor structural difference between PC and EC, a methyl vis‐à‐vis a proton, prevents PC unlike EC to form a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on carbon (C), which along with the popularity of PC has impeded the development of Li‐ion batteries with many years. Despite several hypotheses, the fundamental reason remains debated largely due to the lack of sufficient experimental evidence. Herein, SEI formed as a result of EC and PC reductions are analyzed by two state‐of‐the‐art operando techniques, online electrochemical mass spectrometry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Although both EC‐ and PC‐based electrolytes appear to have virtually identical reaction pathways, PC is reduced much more extensively than EC and forms a much thicker SEI. However, while the SEI derived from EC remains on the electrode, PC reduction products redissolve in the electrolyte leaving the bare C electrode behind. The presented study illustrates the complex scheme of competing electro‐/chemical reactions behind SEI formation and provides further scientific details needed to eventually form a consensus of the processes governing electrode/electrolyte interphases in Li‐ion batteries.
Spatial Dissection of Invasive Front from Tumor Mass Enables Discovery of Novel microRNA Drivers of Glioblastoma Invasion
Authors: Huang Yulun , Qi Lin , Kogiso Mari , Du Yuchen , Braun Frank K. , Zhang Huiyuan , Huang L. Frank , Xiao Sophie , Teo Wan‐Yee , Lindsay Holly , Zhao Sibo , Baxter Patricia , Su Jack M. F. , Adesina Adekunle , Yang Jianhua , Brabetz Sebastian , Kool Marcel , Pfister Stefan M. , Chintagumpala Murali , Perlaky Laszlo , Wang Zhong , Zhou Youxin , Man Tsz‐Kwong , Li Xiao‐Nan
Published: November 2021

Diffuse invasion is the primary cause of treatment failure of glioblastoma (GBM). Previous studies on GBM invasion have long been forced to use the resected tumor mass cells. Here, a strategy to reliably isolate matching pairs of invasive (GBMINV) and tumor core (GBMTC) cells from the brains of 6 highly invasive patient‐derived orthotopic models is described. Direct comparison of these GBMINV and GBMTC cells reveals a significantly elevated invasion capacity in GBMINV cells, detects 23/768 miRNAs over‐expressed in the GBMINV cells (miRNAINV) and 22/768 in the GBMTC cells (miRNATC), respectively. Silencing the top 3 miRNAsINV (miR‐126, miR‐369‐5p, miR‐487b) successfully blocks invasion of GBMINV cells in vitro and in mouse brains. Integrated analysis with mRNA expression identifies miRNAINV target genes and discovers KCNA1 as the sole common computational target gene of which 3 inhibitors significantly suppress invasion in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo treatment with 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) effectively eliminates GBM invasion and significantly prolongs animal survival times (P = 0.035). The results highlight the power of spatial dissection of functionally accurate GBMINV and GBMTC cells in identifying novel drivers of GBM invasion and provide strong rationale to support the use of biologically accurate starting materials in understanding cancer invasion and metastasis.
Injectable Nanocomposite Implants Reduce ROS Accumulation and Improve Heart Function after Infarction
Authors: Shilo Malka , Oved Hadas , Wertheim Lior , Gal Idan , Noor Nadav , Green Ori , Baruch Ester‐Sapir , Shabat Doron , Shapira Assaf , Dvir Tal
Published: November 2021

In a myocardial infarction, blood supply to the left ventricle is abrogated due to blockage of one of the coronary arteries, leading to ischemia, which further triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These sequential processes eventually lead to the death of contractile cells and affect the integrity of blood vessels, resulting in the formation of scar tissue. A new heart therapy comprised of cardiac implants encapsulated within an injectable extracellular matrix‐gold nanoparticle composite hydrogel is reported. The particles on the collagenous fibers within the hydrogel promote fast transfer of electrical signal between cardiac cells, leading to the functional assembly of the cardiac implants. The composite hydrogel is shown to absorb reactive oxygen species in vitro and in vivo in mice ischemia reperfusion model. The reduction in ROS levels preserve cardiac tissue morphology and blood vessel integrity, reduce the scar size and the inflammatory response, and significantly prevent the deterioration of heart function.
Thermoset Shape Memory Polymer Variable Stiffness 4D Robotic Catheters
Authors: Mattmann Michael , De Marco Carmela , Briatico Francesco , Tagliabue Stefano , Colusso Aron , Chen Xiang‐Zhong , Lussi Jonas , Chautems Christophe , Pané Salvador , Nelson Bradley
Published: November 2021

Variable stiffness catheters are typically composed of an encapsulated core. The core is usually composed of a low melting point alloy (LMPA) or a thermoplastic polymer (TP). In both cases, there is a need to encapsulate the core with an elastic material. This imposes a limit to the volume of variable stiffness (VS) material and limits miniaturization. This paper proposes a new approach that relies on the use of thermosetting materials. The variable stiffness catheter (VSC) proposed in this work eliminates the necessity for an encapsulation layer and is made of a unique biocompatible thermoset polymer with an embedded heating system. This significantly reduces the final diameter, improves manufacturability, and increases safety in the event of complications. The device can be scaled to sub‐millimeter dimensions, while maintaining a high stiffness change. In addition, integration into a magnetic actuation system allows for precise actuation of one or multiple tools.
High‐Entropy Energy Materials in the Age of Big Data: A Critical Guide to Next‐Generation Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Wang Qingsong , Velasco Leonardo , Breitung Ben , Presser Volker
Published: November 2021

High‐entropy materials (HEMs) with promising energy storage and conversion properties have recently attracted worldwide increasing research interest. Nevertheless, most research on the synthesis of HEMs focuses on a “trial and error” method without any guidance, which is very laborious and time‐consuming. This review aims to provide an instructive approach to searching and developing new high‐entropy energy materials in a much more efficient way. Toward materials design for future technologies, a fundamental understanding of the process/structure/property/performance linkage on an atomistic level will promote prescreening and selection of material candidates. With the help of computational material science, in which the fast development of computational capabilities that have a rapidly growing impact on new materials design, this fundamental understanding can be approached. Furthermore, high‐throughput experimental methods, enabled by the advances in instrumentation and electronics, will accelerate the production of large quantities of results and stimulate the identification of the target products, adding knowledge in computational design. This review shows that combining computational preselection and verification by high‐throughput can be an efficient approach to unveil the complexities of HEMs and design novel HEMs with enhanced properties for energy‐related applications.
Self‐Healing: An Emerging Technology for Next‐Generation Smart Batteries
Authors: Narayan Rekha , Laberty‐Robert Christel , Pelta Juan , Tarascon Jean‐Marie , Dominko Robert
Published: November 2021

Complex battery degradation is an interplay of different processes correlated to the thermodynamic, chemical, and mechanical instability of materials. Their degradation kinetics and mechanisms are functions of several intrinsic and environmental conditions. The degradation of the battery cell can be minimized by using preventive steps, like artificial interphases, coatings, additives, or materials that operate within the thermodynamic stability voltage window. Like in most systems/applications degradation processes/aging cannot be avoided since battery cells operate in different environments. Self‐healing functionalities have been proved in different areas of material science and they can significantly improve the performance of battery cells. Some of them have been demonstrated on the laboratory scale, while other degradation processes have been tackled only by the development of preventive approaches. Since self‐healing functionalities add additional weight and cost to the battery cell, directions of development should be focused on modification of nonactive materials, preferably based on biosourced materials to lower environmental impact. Important issues include detection of degradation using sensors and the vectorization of self‐healing components and their controlled release. In addition to this, a triggering process of extrinsic self‐healing components together with manufacturability and recyclability should be considered from the early stages of the development phase.
Influence of planting date, row spacing, and reduced herbicide inputs on peanut canopy and sicklepod growth
Authors: Kharel Prasanna , Devkota Pratap , Macdonald Gregory E. , Tillman Barry L. , Mulvaney Michael J.
Published: November 2021

Sicklepod [Senna obtusifolia (L.)] is one of the most problematic weed species for peanut production in the southeastern USA. A two‐year study was conducted to evaluate the influence of peanut planting date and row spacing on sicklepod growth. Planting date was the main plot factor with early (early May), mid‐ (mid‐May), or late (early June) timings. Row spacing was the subplot factor with single row and twin rows at 13, 18, or 23 cm. For minimal herbicide use, pendimethalin was applied at peanut planting and 2,4‐DB was applied at 6 wk after planting. Peanut on twin rows at 18 and 23 cm achieved canopy closure 2 wk earlier than the single or the 13‐cm twin‐row. In 2019, sicklepod height was similar across all planting dates, while in 2020 height decreased in the order of late > mid > early planting. Sicklepod biomass in early planting was greater compared with mid and late planting in 2019, whereas biomass was greater in late planting compared with early and mid‐planting in 2020. Peanut yield was 50% greater in early and mid‐planting compared with late planting in 2019, while yield was 18% lower in the single row compared with the twin rows in 2020. The differences between the two years were attributed to greater humidity and heavy rainfall during 2020 (137 cm) compared with the 2019 (77 cm) season. We conclude that peanut planted on 18‐ or 23‐cm twin rows during the mid‐planting date has the potential to maintain yield and suppress sicklepod.
Some cases of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome may be rooted in mast cell activation syndrome
Authors: Afrin Lawrence B.
Published: November 2021

Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is the most common type of EDS, yet has remained steadfastly inscrutable vis‐à‐vis efforts to identify its cellular, molecular, and pathophysiologic roots. Once thought to principally affect just connective tissues, hEDS is now appreciated to be a multisystem disease of great heterogeneity with many symptoms and findings difficult to attribute solely to disordered connective tissue development. In the last decade, there has been growth in the appreciation of the existence of a wide range of disorders of chronic inappropriate mast cell (MC) activation (a large heterogeneous pool of MC activation syndromes [MCAS]) distinguishable from other MC disorders such as rare neoplastic mastocytosis. Via chronic aberrant release of the MC's vast repertoire of potent mediators, MCAS can drive extraordinary arrays of pathologies, most commonly of inflammatory, allergic, and dystrophic natures. Although hEDS is seen in only a minority of MCAS cases, limited studies have identified an association between hEDS and MCAS, fueling speculation that certain variants of MCAS may drive hEDS. No laboratory studies probing cellular or molecular linkages between hEDS and MCAS have been conducted yet, and research efforts to identify the genetic roots of hEDS should also consider those of MCAS.
Synthesis of Novel Hexaazaisowurtzitane Cages to Access CL‐20
Authors: Aravindu Pampuram , Rani Karike Durga , Shaik Abdul Munaf , Kommu Nagarjuna , Rao Vepa Kameswara
Published: November 2021

A novel hexacyclopropylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HCPIW) and hexacyclobutylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HCBIW) cage compounds were synthesized using a straightforward method by reacting glyoxal with the corresponding cycloalkylamines such as cyclopropylamine and cyclobutylamine in the presence of a catalytic amount of an acid. The obtained compounds were characterized in detail by spectroscopic and X‐ray diffraction analyses. HCPIW and HCBIW with 99% and 98% purity were obtained without column chromatography. Nitration of HCPIW with H2SO4/HNO3 in dichloromethane solvent successfully afforded CL‐20, high energy propellant and explosive in 25% yield.
Interlayer‐Expanded MoS2 Containing Structural Water with Enhanced Magnesium Diffusion Kinetics and Durability
Authors: Wu Canlong , Zhang Li , Zhao Guangyu , Yu Xianbo , Liu Chao , He Junjie , Sun Kening , Zhang Naiqing
Published: November 2021

One obstacle that hinders the development of rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) is the limited selection of cathode materials with decent Mg diffusion kinetics due to the highly polarizing nature of divalent Mg2+. To promote Mg2+ diffusion kinetics, water molecules (H2O) are incorporated into the gaps of MoS2 with enlarged interlayer spacing through an electrochemically assisted method. Owing to the charge shielding effect of crystal H2O, the electrostatic interaction between Mg2+ and host frameworks is weakened, thus hydrous MoS2 (H−MoS2) delivers a Mg diffusion rate three times faster than that of MoS2 before hydration. The facilitated Mg diffusion kinetics in H−MoS2 ensure a high capacity of 190.3 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1, accompanied by excellent rate performance (75.1 mAh g−1 retains at 500 mA g−1). Additionally, crystal H2O plays the role of pillars, endowing that the layered structure of H−MoS2 retains stable during repetitive Mg intercalation, thus 91.2 % of initial capacity is retained after 300 cycles.
Decoupling Proton and Cation Contributions to Capacitive Charge Storage in Birnessite in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Saeed Saeed , Fortunato Jenelle , Ganeshan Karthik , van Duin Adri C. T. , Augustyn Veronica
Published: November 2021

Nanostructured birnessite is of interest as an electrode material for aqueous high power electrochemical energy storage as well as desalination devices. In neutral pH aqueous electrolytes, birnessite exhibits a capacitive response attributed to the adsorption of cations and protons at the outer surface and within the hydrated interlayer. Here, we utilize the understanding of proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) in buffered electrolytes to decouple the role of protons and cations in the capacitive charge storage mechanism of birnessite at neutral pH. We find that without buffer, birnessite exhibits primarily potential‐independent (capacitive) behavior with excellent cycling stability. Upon the addition of buffer, the capacity initially increases and the cyclic voltammograms become more potential‐dependent, features attributed to the presence of PCET with the birnessite. However, long‐term cycling in the buffered electrolyte leads to significant capacity fade and dissolution, which is corroborated through ex situ characterization. ReaxFF atomistic scale simulations support the observations that proton adsorption leads to birnessite degradation and that capacitive charge storage in birnessite is primarily attributed to cation adsorption at the outer surface and within the interlayer.
Physical parameters identification for full‐scale ten‐story reinforced concrete building with degrading tri‐linear model by modal iterative error correction method
Authors: Uesaka Takuya , Nabeshima Kunihiko , Nakamura Naohiro , Suzuki Takuya
Published: November 2021

To assess the post‐earthquake seismic safety of buildings, it is crucial to predict seismic response, and it is necessary to set the appropriate physical parameters of the response analysis model. Numerous methods have been proposed to identify physical parameters. However, most of them are limited to linear systems, and previous researches on nonlinear systems have difficulties in practical applications. In this paper, a nonlinear response analysis model is identified for a full‐scale ten‐story reinforced concrete building with the degrading tri‐linear stiffness model by the modal iterative error correction (MIEC) method, and the accuracy of this technique is discussed by comparing with the shaking table test.
Nutritional outcomes in patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery for head and neck cancers compared to conventional open surgery. Systematic review
Authors: Anakapu Kimberley , Wilson Michael , Findlay Merran , Brown Teresa , Bauer Judith
Published: November 2021

This systematic review examined nutritional outcomes in patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery (TORS), compared to open surgery (OS) for head and neck cancer. PUBMED, CINAHL, and Web of Science were systematically reviewed. Target nutritional outcomes included: weight, nutritional status, use of enteral feeding, swallowing function/ability, and time to oral diet. Risk of bias was assessed using the risk of bias in non‐randomized studies tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed using grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). Eight studies were included (total n = 608). Compared to OS, TORS probably reduces short‐ and long‐term enteral feeding use or duration (GRADE “moderate” certainty), may reduce time to full swallow ability (GRADE “low” certainty), but it remains uncertain whether TORS reduces long‐term patient reported swallowing function or time to oral feeding (GRADE “very‐low” certainty). No studies examined nutritional status or weight. There is limited body of evidence examining nutrition outcomes following TORS. Further studies are warranted, which may improve the certainty of evidence and assist in determining the optimal nutrition care for these patients.
Pandemic promises: Interrogating espoused data‐informed decision‐making
Authors: Breslin James D. , Lawson‐Harris Tara , Hawkins Beck , Elkins Becki
Published: November 2021

The depths of the impact of COVID‐19 on nearly every aspect of our personal and professional lives was becoming painfully clear in May and June of 2020. While institutions of higher education had implemented crisis/emergency plans in the immediate onset of the pandemic, and largely extended those efforts into summer terms, the fall 2020 term loomed large. Institutional researchers were asked for myriad kinds of data and reports, ostensibly to inform executive leaders’ decision‐making regarding how to operate for the fall term. On its face, this fits with the current conceptualization of IR's work largely as decision support. Despite these requests, however, the question remains as to what was really driving decision‐making about the fall. This research examined a random, representative sample of public statements regarding fall operations, often released in the name of a president or chancellor, to determine what factors these leaders espoused publicly as informing their fall plans.
Enhancing institutional research capacity in the midst of a pandemic: A system approach
Authors: Atchison Eric S.
Published: November 2021

This article outlines the impacts of COVID‐19 on higher education and provides a contextual assessment of how higher education systems can provide support to institutions and stakeholders through a formulated planning process which helps identify, plan, and achieve strategic goals in response to fluctuating priorities.
Macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo modified by contact with fragmented chitosan hydrogel
Authors: von Boxberg Ysander , Soares Sylvia , Giraudon Camille , David Laurent , Viallon Maud , Montembault Alexandra , Nothias Fatiha
Published: November 2021

We have previously shown that implantation of a fragmented chitosan hydrogel suspension (chitosan‐FPHS) into a traumatic spinal cord lesion in adult rats led to significant axon regrowth and functional recovery, which was associated to a modulation of inflammation. Using an in vitro culture system, we show here that polarization of bone marrow‐derived macrophages is indeed modified by direct contact with chitosan‐FPHS. Reducing the degree of acetylation (DA) and raising the concentration of chitosan (Cp, from 1.5% to 3%), favors macrophage polarization toward anti‐inflammatory subtypes. These latter also migrate and adhere efficiently on low, but not high DA chitosan‐FPHS, both in vitro and in vivo, while inflammatory macrophages rarely invade a chitosan‐FPHS implant in vivo, no matter the DA. Our in vitro model setup should prove a valuable tool for screening diverse biomaterial formulations and combinations thereof for their inflammatory potential prior to implantation in vivo.
Inhibition of boldenone‐induced aggression in rats by curcumin: Targeting TLR4/MyD88/TRAF‐6/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: El‐Shamarka Marwa E. , Eliwa Hesham A. , Ahmed Maha A. E.
Published: November 2021

The illicit abuse of anabolic steroids is associated with brutal aggression, which represents a serious health hazard and social threat. Boldenone is commonly used for doping by athletes and adolescents for esthetic purposes and to enhance performance and endurance during competitions. However, the mechanistic pathways underlying boldenone‐induced behavioral deviations and neuronal toxicity have not yet been elucidated. On the other hand, the natural polyphenol curcumin is appreciated for its relative safety, potent antioxidant activity, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Therefore, the present study was initiated to explore the signaling pathways underlying boldenone‐induced anxiety and aggression in rats, and the protective effects of curcumin. To achieve this aim, male Wistar albino rats were randomly distributed into control, curcumin (100 mg/kg in sesame oil, p.o., once daily), boldenone (5 mg/kg, intramuscular, once weekly), and combination groups. Rats were challenged across the open field, irritability, defensive aggression, and resident‐intruder tests. The prefrontal cortex was used to assess serotonin level, oxidative stress markers, and mRNA expression of myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MyD88), TNFR‐associated factor 6 (TRAF‐6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), protein expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and phosphorylated nuclear factor‐κB transcription factor (NF‐κB p65). Unprecedented, the current results showed that boldenone elicited aggression in rats accompanied by depleted serotonin, enhanced oxidative stress, and exaggerated inflammatory response via upregulation of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF‐6/NF‐κB pathway. Interestingly, curcumin mitigated boldenone‐induced neurobehavioral disturbances in rats, normalized the oxidant/antioxidant balance, and suppressed TLR4/MyD88/TRAF‐6/NF‐κB pathway and its downstream proinflammatory signaling molecules TNF‐α and IL‐1β.
Genistein suppresses ox‐LDL‐elicited oxidative stress and senescence in HUVECs through the SIRT1‐p66shc‐Foxo3a pathways
Authors: Zhang Huaping , Pang Xuefen , Yu Haixia , Zhou Hui
Published: November 2021

The anti‐senescence function of genistein is related to inhibiting oxidative stress, however, the mechanism has not been clarified. The present study aimed to explore the effects of genistein on oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced endothelial senescence and the role of the sirtuin‐1 (SIRT1)—66‐kDa Src homology 2 domain‐containing protein (p66Shc)–forkhead box protein O3 (Foxo3a) pathways in the process. In this paper, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were pretreated with 1000 nM genistein for 30 min and then incubated with 50 mg/L ox‐LDL for another 12 h; meanwhile, the functions of adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of p66shc and small interfering RNA‐mediated silencing of SIRT1 were investigated. Results showed that genistein pretreatment alleviated ox‐LDL‐induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, the levels of oxidatively modified DNA (8‐OHdG) and pai‐1, and the activity of SA‐β‐gal, which was associated with mitigating p66shc. Further studies indicated the inhibitory effect of genistein on p66shc was correlated with suppressing the acetylation and phosphorylation of p66shc, and ameliorating its mitochondrial translocation by activating SIRT1. Moreover, the inactivated p66shc could enhance the activity of Foxo3a via restraining the phosphorylation and triggering nucleus accumulation. The study demonstrates genistein could prevent ox‐LDL‐induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and senescence through the SIRT1–p66shc–Foxo3a pathways.
Coadministration of gallic acid abates zearalenone‐mediated defects in male rat's reproductive function
Authors: Owumi Solomon E. , Bello Samuel A. , Najophe Sarah E. , O. Nwozo Sarah , O. Esan Ifeoluwa
Published: November 2021

As gallic acid (GA) role in zearalenone (ZEN); mediated reproductive dysfunction has not been studied, we report on GA's effect on reproductive dysfunction in rats treated with ZEN‐100 µg/kg alone, or with GA‐40 mg/kg; for 4 weeks. The mycotoxin ZEN contaminates crops, causing toxicity on ingestion, economic losses, and alters reproductive function. Relative to control, GA reversed ZEN‐induced reduction of rats' testicular function enzymes and reproductive hormones and improved ZEN‐impaired sperm quality. GA significantly (p < 0.05) increased rats antioxidant status, inhibited (p < 0.05) reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and lipid peroxidation levels, and abated (p < 0.05) proinflammatory biomarkers in the examined organs: hypothalamus, testis, and epididymis. Histopathology revealed that GA facilitated the preservation of testicular and epididymal cytoarchitecture significantly altered in rat cohorts treated with ZEN alone. Conclusively, GA protected against ZEN‐induced toxicity in the rats' organs examined, enhanced endogenous antioxidative protective mechanism, and abated proinflammatory responses. GA further averted a decline in circulatory, reproductive enzymes, hormone levels. GA also protected against reproductive tissue damage and improved parameters of sperm functionality.
A method for measuring the experimental resolution of laboratory assays (clinical biochemical, blood count, immunological, and qPCR) to evaluate analytical performance
Authors: Sun Chenxi , Wang Dongxia , Xu Henggui , Yang Guang , Yan Xiaomei , Liu Hui
Published: November 2021

Background

The measurement method for experimental resolution and related data to evaluate analytical performance is poorly explored in clinical research. We established a method to measure the experimental resolution of clinical tests, including biochemical tests, automatic hematology analyzer methods, immunoassays, chemical experiments, and qPCR, to evaluate their analytical performance.

Methods

Serially diluted samples in equal proportions were measured, and correlation analysis was performed between the relative concentration and the measured value. Results were accepted for p ≤ 0.01 of the correlation coefficient. The minimum concentration gradient (eg, 10%) was defined as the experimental resolution. For this method, the smaller the value, the higher the experimental resolution and the better the analytical performance.

Results

The experimental resolution of the most common biochemical indices reached 10%, with some even reaching 1%. The results of most counting experiments showed experimental resolution up to 10%, whereas the experimental resolution of the classical chemical assays reached 1%. Unexpectedly, the experimental resolution of more sensitive assays, such as immunoassays was only 25% when using the manual method and 10% for qPCR.

Conclusion

This study established a method for measuring the experimental resolution of laboratory assays and provides a new index for evaluating the reliability of methods in clinical laboratories.
Examining the production, export, and immediate fate of kelp detritus on open‐coast subtidal reefs in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Smale Dan A. , Pessarrodona Albert , King Nathan , Moore Pippa J.
Published: November 2021

Kelp forests are highly productive coastal habitats and are emerging as important sources of organic matter for other ecosystems. Although their high rates of productivity and detritus release are expected to lead to substantial export of carbon, few studies have actually quantified rates of export or the persistence of detritus. We addressed this in eight subtidal kelp forests (Laminaria hyperborea) spanning the length (9° of latitude) of the United Kingdom. Specifically, we quantified detritus production, retention/export from source and adjacent habitats, and in situ decomposition rates. Detritus released via both dislodgment of whole plants and “May cast” shedding of old growth was highly variable between sites with greatest values recorded in our colder, northern sites. This was attributable to greater plant size biomass in northern regions, rather than plant density or dislodgement rates. On average, the annual production of kelp detritus was 4706 ± 700 g FW m−2 yr−1 or 301 g C m−2 yr−1. Low retention of detritus within the kelp forest and adjacent sedimentary habitats indicated very high rates of export (> 98% across the study). A litterbag experiment showed detritus may take > 4 months to decompose, suggesting great potential for long distance transport. Overall, our findings suggest that L. hyperborea forests export large amounts of detritus subsidies across their range, which can potentially shape the structure of distant benthic communities and constitute a relevant and largely overlooked flux in the coastal carbon cycle, which may represent an important component of natural carbon sequestration.