bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiation shielding performance of metal oxides/EPDM rubber composites using Geant4 simulation and computational study
Authors: Alabsy Mahmoud T. , Elzaher Mohamed Abd
Published: May 2023

This paper aimed to evaluate the shielding performance of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber composites filled with 200 phr of different metal oxides (either Al2O3, CuO, CdO, Gd2O3, or Bi2O3) as protective materials against gamma and neutron radiations. For this purpose, different shielding parameters, including the linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), mean free path (MFP), half value layer (HVL), and tenth value layer (TVL), were calculated in the energy range between 0.015 and 15 MeV by using the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit. The simulated μ/ρ values were validated by the XCOM software to examine the precision of the simulated results. The maximum relative deviation between the Geant4 simulation and XCOM was not greater than 1.41%, confirming the accuracy of the simulated results. Based on μ/ρ values, other significant shielding parameters such as effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), equivalent atomic number (Zeq), and exposure buildup factor (EBF) were also computed to explore the potential usage of the proposed metal oxide/EPDM rubber composites as radiation protective materials. The study demonstrates that the gamma-radiation shielding performance of the proposed metal oxide/EPDM rubber composites are increasing in the order of EPDM < Al2O3/EPDM < CuO/EPDM < CdO/EPDM < Gd2O3/EPDM < Bi2O3/EPDM. Furthermore, three sudden increases in the shielding capability in some composites occur at 0.0267 MeV for CdO/EPDM, 0.0502 MeV for Gd2O3/EPDM, and 0.0905 MeV for Bi2O3/EPDM composites. This increase in the shielding performance is due to the K absorption edges of Cd, Gd, and Bi, respectively. Regarding the neutron shielding performance, the macroscopic effective removal cross-section for fast neutrons (ƩR) was evaluated for the investigated composites using MRCsC software. The highest ƩR is obtained for Al2O3/EPDM, while the lowest ƩR is obtained for EPDM rubber with no metal oxide content. According to the obtained results, the investigated metal oxide/EPDM rubber composites can be employed as comfortable clothing and gloves designed for workers in radiation facilities.
Optimizing the input feature sets and machine learning algorithms for reliable and accurate estimation of continuous, cuffless blood pressure
Authors: Kasbekar Rajesh S. , Ji Songbai , Clancy Edward A. , Goel Anita
Published: May 2023

The advent of mobile devices, wearables and digital healthcare has unleashed a demand for accurate, reliable, and non-interventional ways to measure continuous blood pressure (BP). Many consumer products claim to measure BP with a cuffless device, but their lack of accuracy and reliability limit clinical adoption. Here, we demonstrate how multimodal feature datasets, comprising: (i) pulse arrival time (PAT); (ii) pulse wave morphology (PWM), and (iii) demographic data, can be combined with optimized Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to estimate Systolic BP (SBP), Diastolic BP (DBP) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) within a 5 mmHg bias of the gold standard Intra-Arterial BP, well within the acceptable limits of the IEC/ANSI 80601-2-30 (2018) standard. Furthermore, DBP’s calculated using 126 datasets collected from 31 hemodynamically compromised patients had a standard deviation within 8 mmHg, while SBP’s and MAP’s exceeded these limits. Using ANOVA and Levene’s test for error means and standard deviations, we found significant differences in the various ML algorithms but found no significant differences amongst the multimodal feature datasets. Optimized ML algorithms and key multimodal features obtained from larger real-world data (RWD) sets could enable more reliable and accurate estimation of continuous BP in cuffless devices, accelerating wider clinical adoption.
A novel intelligent global harmony search algorithm based on improved search stability strategy
Authors: Wang Jinglin , Ouyang Haibin , Zhang Chunliang , Li Steven , Xiang Jianhua
Published: May 2023

Harmony search (HS) is a new swarm intelligent algorithm inspired by the process of music improvisation. Over the past decade, HS algorithm has been applied to many practical engineering problems. However, for some complex practical problems, there are some remaining issues such as premature convergence, low optimization accuracy and slow convergence speed. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel intelligent global harmony search algorithm based on improved search stability strategy (NIGHS). In the search process, NIGHS uses the adaptive mean of harmony memory library to build a stable trust region around the global best harmony, and proposes a new coupling operation based on linear proportional relation, so that the algorithm can adaptively adjust the ability of exploration and exploitation in the search process and avoid premature convergence. In addition, the dynamic Gauss fine-tuning is adopted in the stable trust region to accelerate the convergence speed and improve the optimization accuracy. The common CEC2017 test functions are employed to test the proposed algorithm, the results show that NIGHS algorithm has a faster convergence speed and better optimization accuracy compared to the HS algorithm and its improved versions.
One-pot synthesis of CdS/CeO2 heterojunction nanocomposite with tunable bandgap for the enhanced advanced oxidation process
Authors: Gadore Vishal , Mishra Soumya Ranjan , Ahmaruzzaman Md.
Published: May 2023

Herein, a binary nanocomposite CdS/CeO2 has been fabricated via a one-pot co-precipitation method for the degradation of Rose Bengal (RB) dye. The structure, surface morphology, composition, and surface area of the prepared composite were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunaur–Emmett–Teller analysis UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The prepared CdS/CeO2(1:1) nanocomposite has a particle size of 8.9 ± 0.3 nm and a surface area of 51.30 m2/g. All the tests indicated the agglomeration of CdS nanoparticles over the surface of CeO2. The prepared composite showed excellent photocatalytic activity in the presence of hydrogen peroxide under solar irradiation towards the degradation of Rose Bengal. Near to about complete degradation of 190 ppm of RB dye could be achieved within 60 min under optimum conditions. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was attributed to the delayed charge recombination rate and a lower bandgap of the photocatalyst. The degradation process was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.05824 min−1. The prepared sample showed excellent stability and reusability and maintained about 87% of the photocatalytic efficiency till the fifth cycle. A plausible mechanism for the degradation of the dye is also presented based on the scavenger experiments.
Influence of grape consumption on the human microbiome
Authors: Dave Asim , Beyoğlu Diren , Park Eun-Jung , Idle Jeffrey R. , Pezzuto John M.
Published: May 2023

Over the years, a substantial body of information has accumulated suggesting dietary consumption of grapes may have a positive influence on human health. Here, we investigate the potential of grapes to modulate the human microbiome. Microbiome composition as well as urinary and plasma metabolites were sequentially assessed in 29 healthy free-living male (age 24–55 years) and female subjects (age 29–53 years) following two-weeks of a restricted diet (Day 15), two-weeks of a restricted diet with grape consumption (equivalent to three servings per day) (Day 30), and four-weeks of restricted diet without grape consumption (Day 60). Based on alpha-diversity indices, grape consumption did not alter the overall composition of the microbial community, other than with the female subset based on the Chao index. Similarly, based on beta-diversity analyses, the diversity of species was not significantly altered at the three time points of the study. However, following 2 weeks of grape consumption, taxonomic abundance was altered (e.g., decreased Holdemania spp. and increased Streptococcus thermophiles), as were various enzyme levels and KEGG pathways. Further, taxonomic, enzyme and pathway shifts were observed 30 days following the termination of grape consumption, some of which returned to baseline and some of which suggest a delayed effect of grape consumption. Metabolomic analyses supported the functional significance of these alterations wherein, for example, 2′-deoxyribonic acid, glutaconic acid, and 3-hydroxyphenylacetic acid were elevated following grape consumption and returned to baseline following the washout period. Inter-individual variation was observed and exemplified by analysis of a subgroup of the study population showing unique patterns of taxonomic distribution over the study period. The biological ramifications of these dynamics remain to be defined. However, while it seems clear that grape consumption does not perturb the eubiotic state of the microbiome with normal, healthy human subjects, it is likely that shifts in the intricate interactive networks that result from grape consumption have physiological significance of relevance to grape action.
Effects of maternal social isolation on adult rodent offspring cognition
Authors: McDonald Robert J. , Hong Nancy S. , Trow Jan S. , Kaupp Chelsea , Balog R. J. , Gokarn London , Falkenberg Erin A. , McCreary Keiko J. , Soltanpour Nasrin , Witbeck Carter , McKenna Aimee , Metz Gerlinde A. S.
Published: May 2023

Prenatal experiences can influence offspring physiology and behaviour through the lifespan. Various forms of prenatal stress impair adult learning and memory function and can lead to increased occurrence of anxiety and depression. Clinical work suggests that prenatal stress and maternal depression lead to similar outcomes in children and adolescents, however the long-term effects of maternal depression are less established, particularly in well controlled animal models. Social isolation is common in depressed individuals and during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, for this study we were interested in the effects of maternal stress induced via social isolation on adult offspring cognitive functions including spatial, stimulus–response, and emotional learning and memory that are mediated by different networks centered on the hippocampus, dorsal striatum, and amygdala, respectively. Tasks included a discriminative contextual fear conditioning task and cue-place water task. Pregnant dams in the social isolation group were single housed prior to and throughout gestation. Once offspring reached adulthood the male offspring were trained on a contextual fear conditioning task in which rats were trained to associate one of two contexts with an aversive stimulus and the opposing context remained neutral. Afterwards a cue-place water task was performed during which they were required to navigate to both a visible and invisible platform. Fear conditioning results revealed that the adult offspring of socially isolated mothers, but not controls, were impaired in associating a specific context with a fear-inducing stimulus as assessed by conditioned freezing and avoidance. Results from the water task indicate that adult offspring of mothers that were socially isolated showed place learning deficits but not stimulus-response habit learning on the same task. These cognitive impairments, in the offspring of socially isolated dams, occurred in the absence of maternal elevated stress hormone levels, anxiety, or altered mothering. Some evidence suggested that maternal blood-glucose levels were altered particularly during gestation. Our results provide further support for the idea that learning and memory networks, centered on the amygdala and hippocampus are particularly susceptible to the negative impacts of maternal social isolation and these effects can occur without elevated glucocorticoid levels associated with other forms of prenatal stress.
Efficacious elimination of crystal violet pollutant via photo-Fenton process based on Gd(2−x)La(x)Zr2O7 nanoparticles
Authors: Abdelbaky M. , Abdelghany A. M. , Oraby A. H. , Abdelrazek E. M. , Rashad M. M.
Published: May 2023

The photo-Fenton process is an appropriate method of the Advanced Oxidation Process that is used in the photocatalysis of organic dyes like crystal violet (CV). La3+ ion substituted gadolinium zirconium oxide Gd(2−x)La(x)Zr2O7 nanopowders (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5) have been successfully prepared by using sol–gel auto-combustion method to be used for the efficient photocatalysis of CV with photo-Fenton process. The well-crystallized defect-fluorite, structured with space group: Fm-3m, was detected using X-ray diffraction analysis. The lattice parameters were found to increase with the evaluated La3+ ion concentration. The grain size of the synthesized powders increased with the increase in La3+ ion content. The SAED patterns depicted fluorite structured fluorite. UV/Vis. spectrophotometer was used for the determination of band gap energy of Gd(2−x)La(x)Zr2O7 nanopowders which increased with increasing La3+ ion content. It was found to enhance from 4 to 3.6 eV. The visible spectrophotometer was used for determining unknown concentrations during the photocatalysis process to assure the effectiveness of the process. Overall, results illustrate that the photo-Fenton reaction on Gd(2−x)La(x)Zr2O7 performed excellently in removing crystal violet (CV). The photo-remediation ratio of CV reached 90% within 1 h.
Numerical simulation of the nanofluid flow consists of gyrotactic microorganism and subject to activation energy across an inclined stretching cylinder
Authors: A. Othman Hakeem , Ali Bilal , Jubair Sidra , Yahya Almusawa Musawa , M. Aldin Sayed
Published: May 2023

The current study examines the numerical simulation of the nanoliquid boundary layer flow comprising gyrotactic microbes with mass and energy transmission across a stretching inclined cylinder. The consequences of chemical reaction, heat generation/absorption, buoyancy force and Arrhenius activation energy is also considered on the nanofluid flow. The flow mechanism has been modeled in the form of system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). That system of PDEs is further transform into the dimensionless set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through the similarity substitutions. The obtained set of differential equations are numerically computed through the parametric continuation method (PCM). The effects of the distinct physical constraints on the energy, velocity, mass and the motile microbe profiles are discoursed and evaluated through Tables and Figures. It has been noticed that the velocity curve drops with the influence of inclination angle and Richardson number, while enhances against the variation of curvature factor. Furthermore, the energy field boosts with the upshot of inclination angle and heat source term, while declines with the influence of Prandtl number and Richardson number.
Kinetic and kinematic parameters associated with late braking force and effects on gait performance of stroke patients
Authors: Ohta Mizuho , Tanabe Saori , Katsuhira Junji , Tamari Makoto
Published: May 2023

Late braking force (LBF) is often observed in the late stance phase of the paretic lower limb of stroke patients. Nevertheless, the effects and association of LBF remain unclear. We examined the kinetic and kinematic parameters associated with LBF and its effect on walking. Herein, 157 stroke patients were enrolled. Participants walked at a comfortable speed selected by them, and their movements were measured using a 3D motion analysis system. The effect of LBF was analyzed as a linear relationship with spatiotemporal parameters. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed with LBF as the dependent variable and kinetic and kinematic parameters as independent variables. LBF was observed in 110 patients. LBF was associated with decreased knee joint flexion angles during the pre-swing and swing phases. In the multivariate analysis, trailing limb angle, cooperativity between the paretic shank and foot, and cooperativity between the paretic and non-paretic thighs were related to LBF (p < 0.01; adjusted R2 = 0.64). LBF in the late stance phase of the paretic lower limb reduced gait performance in the pre-swing and swing phases. LBF was associated with trailing limb angle in the late stance, coordination between the paretic shank and foot in the pre-swing phase, and coordination between both thighs.
Comprehensive analysis of oxidative stress-related lncRNA signatures in glioma reveals the discrepancy of prognostic and immune infiltration
Authors: Shi Zhenyi , Wu Yingying , Zhuo Qingchan , Zuo Yufang , Lin Jiong , Shi Huadi , Zhou Hechao , Xu Zumin
Published: May 2023

Oxidative stress refers to the process of reactive oxide species (ROS) increase in human body due to various factors, which leads to oxidative damage in human tissues. Current studies have confirmed that sustained oxidative stress is one of the distinctive features throughout the development of tumors. Numerous reports have shown that lncRNAs can regulate the process of oxidative stress through multiple pathways. However, the relationship between glioma-associated oxidative stress and lncRNAs is not clearly investigated. RNA sequencing data of GBM (glioblastoma) and LGG (low grade glioma) and corresponding clinical data were retrieved from the TCGA database. Oxidative stress related lncRNAs (ORLs) were identified by Pearson correlation analysis. Prognostic models for 6-ORLs were structured in the training cohort by univariate Cox regression analysis, multivariate Cox regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis. We constructed the nomogram and verified its predictive efficacy by Calibration curves and DCA decision curves. The biological functions and pathways of 6-ORLs-related mRNAs were inferred by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Immune cell abundance and immune function associated with risk score (RS) were estimated by ssGSEA, CIBERSORT and MCPcounter synthetically. External validation of the signature was completed using the CGGA-325 and CGGA-693 datasets. 6-ORLs signature—AC083864.2, AC107294.1, AL035446.1, CRNDE, LINC02600, and SNAI3-AS1—were identified through our analysis as being predictive of glioma prognosis. Kaplan–Meier and ROC curves indicated that the signature has a dependable predictive efficacy in the TCGA training cohort, validation cohort and CGGA-325/CGGA-693 test cohort. The 6-ORLs signature were verified to be independent prognostic predictors by multivariate cox regression and stratified survival analysis. Nomogram built with risk scores had strong predictive efficacy for patients' overall survival (OS). The outcomes of the functional enrichment analysis revealing potential molecular regulatory mechanisms for the 6-ORLs. Patients in the high-risk subgroup presented a significant immune microenvironment of macrophage M0 and cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration which was associated with a poorer prognosis. Finally, the expression levels of 6-ORLs in U87/U251/T98/U138 and HA1800 cell lines were verified by RT-qPCR. The nomogram in this study has been made available as a web version for clinicians. This 6-ORLs risk signature has the capabilities to predict the prognosis of glioma patients, assist in evaluating immune infiltration, and assess the efficacy of various anti-tumor systemic therapy regimens.
A computationally designed ACE2 decoy has broad efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants and related viruses in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Havranek Brandon , Lindsey Graeme Walker , Higuchi Yusuke , Itoh Yumi , Suzuki Tatsuya , Okamoto Toru , Hoshino Atsushi , Procko Erik , Islam Shahidul M.
Published: May 2023

SARS-CoV-2, especially B.1.1.529/omicron and its sublineages, continues to mutate to evade monoclonal antibodies and antibodies elicited by vaccination. Affinity-enhanced soluble ACE2 (sACE2) is an alternative strategy that works by binding the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, acting as a ‘decoy’ to block the interaction between the S and human ACE2. Using a computational design strategy, we designed an affinity-enhanced ACE2 decoy, FLIF, that exhibited tight binding to SARS-CoV-2 delta and omicron variants. Our computationally calculated absolute binding free energies (ABFE) between sACE2:SARS-CoV-2 S proteins and their variants showed excellent agreement to binding experiments. FLIF displayed robust therapeutic utility against a broad range of SARS-CoV-2 variants and sarbecoviruses, and neutralized omicron BA.5 in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we directly compared the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of wild-type ACE2 (non-affinity enhanced ACE2) against FLIF. A few wild-type sACE2 decoys have shown to be effective against early circulating variants such as Wuhan in vivo. Our data suggest that moving forward, affinity-enhanced ACE2 decoys like FLIF may be required to combat evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants. The approach described herein emphasizes how computational methods have become sufficiently accurate for the design of therapeutics against viral protein targets. Affinity-enhanced ACE2 decoys remain highly effective at neutralizing omicron subvariants.
Activation of the urotensin-II receptor by remdesivir induces cardiomyocyte dysfunction
Authors: Ogawa Akiko , Ohira Seiya , Kato Yuri , Ikuta Tatsuya , Yanagida Shota , Mi Xinya , Ishii Yukina , Kanda Yasunari , Nishida Motohiro , Inoue Asuka , Wei Fan-Yan
Published: May 2023

Remdesivir is an antiviral drug used for COVID-19 treatment worldwide. Cardiovascular side effects have been associated with remdesivir; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we performed a large-scale G-protein-coupled receptor screening in combination with structural modeling and found that remdesivir is a selective, partial agonist for urotensin-II receptor (UTS2R) through the Gαi/o-dependent AKT/ERK axis. Functionally, remdesivir treatment induced prolonged field potential and APD90 in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived cardiomyocytes and impaired contractility in both neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes, all of which mirror the clinical pathology. Importantly, remdesivir-mediated cardiac malfunctions were effectively attenuated by antagonizing UTS2R signaling. Finally, we characterized the effect of 110 single-nucleotide variants in UTS2R gene reported in genome database and found four missense variants that show gain-of-function effects in the receptor sensitivity to remdesivir. Collectively, our study illuminates a previously unknown mechanism underlying remdesivir-related cardiovascular events and that genetic variations of UTS2R gene can be a potential risk factor for cardiovascular events during remdesivir treatment, which collectively paves the way for a therapeutic opportunity to prevent such events in the future.
Combined COVID-19 vaccination and hepatitis C virus screening intervention in marginalised populations in Spain
Authors: Lazarus Jeffrey V. , Villota-Rivas Marcela , Ryan Pablo , Buti Maria , Grau-López Lara , Cuevas Guillermo , Espada José Luis , Morón William , Palma-Álvarez Raul Felipe , Feld Jordan J. , Valencia Jorge
Published: May 2023

Background

COVID-19 has hindered hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV screening, particularly in marginalised groups, who have some of the highest rates of these conditions and lowest rates of COVID-19 vaccination. We assessed the acceptability of combining HCV testing with COVID-19 vaccination in a centre for addiction services (CAS) in Barcelona and a mobile testing unit (MTU) in Madrid, Spain.

Methods

From 28/09/2021 to 30/06/2022, 187 adults from marginalised populations were offered HCV antibody (Ab) testing along with COVID-19 vaccination. If HCV Ab+, they were tested for HCV-RNA. MTU participants were also screened for HIV. HCV-RNA+ and HIV+ participants were offered treatment. Data were analysed descriptively.

Results

Findings show how of the 86 CAS participants: 80 (93%) had been previously vaccinated for COVID-19, of whom 72 (90%) had the full first round schedule; none had a COVID-19 vaccine booster and all received a COVID-19 vaccine; 54 (62.8%) were tested for HCV Ab, of whom 17 (31.5%) were positive, of whom all were tested for HCV-RNA and none were positive. Of the 101 MTU participants: none had been vaccinated for COVID-19 and all received a COVID-19 vaccine; all were tested for HCV Ab and HIV and 15 (14.9%) and 9 (8.9%) were positive, respectively; of those HCV Ab+, 9 (60%) were HCV-RNA+, of whom 8 (88.9%) have started treatment; 5 (55.6%) of those HIV+ had abandoned antiretroviral therapy, of whom 3 (60%) have re-started it.

Conclusions

The intervention was accepted by 54 (62.8%) CAS participants and all MTU participants and can be used in marginalised communities.
A systematic DFT screening of cationic faujasite-type zeolites for the adsorption of NO, NO2 and H2O
Authors: Karamanis Ioannis , Daouli Ayoub , Monnier Hubert , Dziurla Marie-Antoinette , Maurin Guillaume , Badawi Michael
Published: May 2023

Unlocking the selective adsorption of NO and NO2 in presence of H2O in cationic zeolites: a systematic DFT screening of key questions and properties.
Metal-phenolic self-assembly shielded probiotics in hydrogel reinforced wound healing with antibiotic treatment
Authors: Zhou Chen , Zou Yaping , Xu Ruiling , Han Xiaowen , Xiang Zhen , Guo Hao , Li Xing , Liang Jie , Zhang Xingdong , Fan Yujiang , Sun Yong
Published: May 2023

Living probiotics secrete bioactive substances to accelerate wound healing, but the clinical application of antibiotics inhibits the survival of probiotics.
Formation of ssDNA nanotubes from spherical micelles and their use as a delivery vehicle for chemotherapeutics and senolytics to triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Lin Lucy , Schneiderman Zachary , Venkatraman Aditya , Kokkoli Efrosini
Published: May 2023

Delivery of a senolytic and chemotherapeutic via single stranded DNA nanotubes chemosensitizes senescent cells and enhances treatment of triple negative breast cancer cells.
Supramolecular polysulfide polymers cross-linked by metal–ligand interactions
Authors: Kobayashi Yuichiro , Kitano Daiki , Nishimura Ryuto , Yamagishi Yuki , Horiguchi Akiyoshi , Yamaguchi Hiroyasu
Published: May 2023

We report a new methodology to synthesize a polysulfide polymerviaa supramolecular chemistry approach.
Glucose oxidase and conjugated polymer nanocomplexes for synergistic photothermal/starvation/oxidation therapy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Lin Wenhai , Li Zhensheng , Sun Tingting , Xie Zhigang
Published: May 2023

A multimodal anti-carcinoma nanoplatform (IBDDP&GOx NPs) was constructed using glucose oxidase and BODIPY-based conjugated polymers for integrated starvation therapy, oxidation therapy and photothermal therapy.
Cobalt-catalyzed regioselective hydroazidation of 1-aryl-1,3-dienes: facile access to allylic azides
Authors: Shen Mei-Hua , Qi Xiao-Wen , Li De-Xia , Wang Xin-Yi , Zhu Chi-Fan , Xu Hua-Dong
Published: May 2023

A new cobalt-catalyzed hydroazidation of 1-aryl-1,3-dienes by using TMSN3as a nucleophilic azide source under mild conditions has been reported, leading to the synthesis of a wide range of allylic azides with moderate to good yields.
Tracing the transition from covalent to non-covalent functionalization of pyrene through C-, N-, and O-based ionic and radical substrates using quantum mechanical calculations
Authors: Pandey Anwesh , Kumar Nandan
Published: May 2023

Probing the transition of covalent functionalization to non-covalent functionalization of pyrene while methylation and phenylation of ionic and radical substrates.
Constructing carbon supported copper-based catalysts for efficient CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Xie Zhong , Hei Jinpei , Li Chuan , Yin Xiaojie , Wu Fengyi , Cheng Lei , Meng Sugang
Published: May 2023

Exploring the structural changes of the reduced Cu/ZnO catalyst deposited on an activated carbon support and the factors affecting CO2 hydrogenation.
Application of ZnO-NRs@Ni-foam substrate for electrochemical fingerprint of arsenic detection in water
Authors: Rauf Muhammad , Shah Said Karim , Algahtani Ali , Tirth Vineet , Alghtani Abdulaziz H. , Al-Mughanam Tawfiq , Hayat Khizar , Al-Shaalan Nora Hamad , Alharthi Sarah , Alharthy Saif A. , Amin Mohammed A.
Published: May 2023

Arsenic (As3+) is the most carcinogenic and abundantly available heavy metal present in the environment.
Visible-light-promoted N–H functionalization of O-substituted hydroxamic acid with diazo esters
Authors: Xia Shuangshuang , Jian Yongchan , Zhang Liwen , Zhang Cheng , An Yuanyuan , Wang Yubin
Published: May 2023

An N–H functionalization of O-substituted hydroxamic acid with diazo esters under blue LED irradiation conditions has been developed.
Gauging the importance of structural parameters for hyperfine coupling constants in organic radicals
Authors: Szczuka Conrad , Eichel Rüdiger-A. , Granwehr Josef
Published: May 2023

Machine learning approach to identify dependencies between the structure of radicals and their underlying hyperfine coupling constants. Universally applicable also for other atomic parameters.
Pivotal role of transition density in circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Chen Zhanxiang , Huang Manli , Zhong Cheng , Gong Shaolong , Coropceanu Veaceslav , Brédas Jean-Luc , Yang Chuluo
Published: May 2023

Transition density delocalization allows stable control of CPL by twisting chromophore segments. However, when transition density is localized, CPL cannot be controlled by such twisting and can be weakened by molecular vibrations.
A review on electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone-derived carbon composite nanofibers as advanced functional materials for energy storage applications and beyond
Authors: Belgibayeva Ayaulym , Berikbaikyzy Samal , Sagynbay Yrysgul , Turarova Gulderaiym , Taniguchi Izumi , Bakenov Zhumabay
Published: May 2023

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is soluble in many solvents and compatible with various precursors. PVP-derived carbon composite nanofibers have a porous structure of unique properties and wide potential application in batteries, catalysts, and beyond.
A copper coordination polymer precatalyst with asymmetric building units for selective CO2-to-C2H4electrolysis
Authors: Wen Chun Fang , Zhou Min , Wu Xuefeng , Liu Yuanwei , Mao Fangxin , Fu Huai Qin , Shi Yingli , Dai Sheng , Zhu Minghui , Yang Shuang , Wang Hai Feng , Liu Peng Fei , Yang Hua Gui
Published: May 2023

A Cu-BTC-CP precatalyst with asymmetric building units, whichin situreconstructs to low-coordinated Cu during the CO2RR, delivers an ethylene faradaic efficiency of 65.2 ± 3% at 350 mA cm−2in a flow cell.
A strong, biodegradable, and recyclable all-lignocellulose fabricated triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered disposable medical monitoring
Authors: Shi Xue , Chen Pengfei , Han Kai , Li Chengyu , Zhang Renyun , Luo Jianjun , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: May 2023

A strong, biodegradable, and recyclable all-lignocellulosic triboelectric nanogenerator was prepared for self-powered disposable sensing in the medical field.
Carbon layer-confined MoS2/Ni3S2 heterostructure with enhanced sodium and potassium storage performance
Authors: Bai Jin , Si Jianguo , Mao Yunjie , Ma Hongyang , Wang Peiyao , Li Wanyun , Xiao Ke , Zhang Guofeng , Wei Yiyong , Zhu Xuebin , Zhao Bangchuan , Sun Yuping
Published: May 2023

MoS2/Ni3S2@C shows excellent sodium/potassium storage performance, which is due to carbon layer-confined heterostructure, creating more sodium/potassium storage sites, shortening ions diffusion path and relieving the volume change of the material.
Enhancing the Marangoni flow by inner side chain engineering in nonfullerene acceptors for reproducible blade coating-processed organic solar cell manufacturing
Authors: Park Geunhyung , Cho Yongjoon , Jeong Seonghun , Park Jeewon , Yoon Seong-Jun , Yang Changduk
Published: May 2023

Three nonfullerene acceptors with different inner chain lengths were studied on blade-coated organic solar cells to manipulate the Marangoni flow. Consequently, L8-i-EB, with the shortest inner chain, exhibits homogeneous morphology and performance.
Double-shelled Zn–Co single-atoms enable enhanced conversion kinetics in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wu Jiafeng , Feng Yuanyi , Chen Yang , Fan Ting , Li Yingwei
Published: May 2023

Atomically dispersed Zn–Co dual redox sites greatly accelerate the sulfur electrochemistry meanwhile the double-shelled structure affords effective double-inhibition of LiPS shuttling.
Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production of microporous organic polymers by incorporation of afterglow phosphorescent materials
Authors: Ryu Sang Hyun , Kim Gye Hong , Ahn Tae Kyu , Ko Kyoung Chul , Son Seung Uk
Published: May 2023

The hydrogen evolution efficiency of MOP-based photocatalysts was enhanced with the aid of afterglow phosphorescent materials.
Critical evaluation of the thermometric performance of ratiometric luminescence thermometers based on Ba3(VO4)2:Mn5+,Nd3+ for deep-tissue thermal imaging
Authors: Piotrowski W. M. , Marin R. , Szymczak M. , Martín Rodríguez E. , Ortgies D. H. , Rodríguez-Sevilla P. , Bolek P. , Dramićanin M. D. , Jaque D. , Marciniak L.
Published: May 2023

The thermometric performance of ratiometric luminescence thermometers based on Ba3(VO4)2:Mn5+,Nd3+ for thermal imaging was evaluated.
Optimal decision for the satellite navigation system under navigation countermeasures based on spoofing effect evaluation results
Authors: Wang Yue , Sun Fu‐Ping , Wang Xian
Published: May 2023

This paper realizes the evaluation and optimal decision of the spoofing effect on the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) under navigation countermeasures based on the game perspective, to overcome the limitations of current relevant research findings and maintain the secure application of the GNSS and maximize its defensive benefit during countering. An evaluation system based on the perspective of the game between spoofing strategies and defense measures is created to build the benefit matrix, which can solve the limitation in building a benefit matrix (the vital element in a game) that conforms to the confrontation‐oriented GNSS spoofing properties. Based on the built benefit matrix, a method integrating the grey expert‐based system with the hybrid evolutionary method is developed to realize quantifying the matrix and further make the optimal decision stably, which can solve the uncertainties of qualitative indices during quantifying and no global optimal solution for benefit equations deduced from the quantified matrix. Finally, based on various judgment principles, simulation and testing results verify the effectiveness of the obtained results and the superiority of the proposed method by comparing the results solved by the method in this paper with the results obtained by other decision‐making processing methods.
Multi‐scale coordinated optimal dispatch method of electricity‐thermal‐hydrogen integrated energy systems
Authors: Zheng Wanting , Xiao Hao , Liu Ziqi , Pei Wei , Beshir Mohammed
Published: May 2023

To achieve carbon neutrality, renewable energy‐based power systems and hydrogen are increasingly being promoted. A novel electricity‐thermal‐hydrogen integrated energy system that combines new energy generation, multi‐source load, and multiple energy storage is proposed by the authors. To address uncertainties in new energy output, and issues of untimely unit regulation response and large planning tracking errors, a multi‐scale scheduling method based on model predictive control (MPC) was proposed. In the day‐ahead dispatching stage, an optimal economic dispatching model was established with the lowest system operation cost as the optimisation objective. The model considers equipment investment, operation, maintenance, and peak‐to‐valley differences in electricity prices. In the intraday dispatching stage, an MPC‐based intraday rolling optimisation correction strategy was proposed to cope with contact line power fluctuations caused by prediction errors of new energy and multi‐source load. This strategy combines time‐domain rolling and feedback correction of the real‐time system state to eliminate the influence of uncertainty factors in the microgrid. The MPC‐based intraday rolling optimal scheduling model was established in the form of a discrete state space and transformed into a quadratic planning problem to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the model solution. Finally, a typical microgrid was used as an example to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the contact line tracking error can be within 0.025 kW, and the single scheduling time was within 0.14 s.
A novel integrated monitoring method for MPPF capacitor and IGBT junction temperature of half‐bridge modules
Authors: Zhang Wuyu , Qi Lei , Zhang Xiangyu , Ji Bing , Cui Xiang
Published: May 2023

Capacitance and Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) junction temperature are two critical healthy parameters for modular multilevel converters (MMC) sub‐modules (SMs) condition monitoring. This paper proposes an integrated monitoring method for capacitance degradation and IGBT junction temperature variation. By measuring multiple characteristics of the same port voltage, the capacitance and the junction temperature can be obtained simultaneously, which greatly simplifies the measurement unit required for condition evaluation and realizes the submodule‐level condition monitoring at a lower cost. The capacitance is characterized by voltage changes during capacitor discharging and the junction temperature is monitored by capacitor voltage overshoot (peak value) during IGBT turn‐off. Theoretical analysis and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method and articulated the influence of load current, SM capacitor pre‐discharge voltage, and junction temperature. Moreover, an online data‐acquisition circuit for time‐specific capacitor voltage characterization is devised.
Using GIS technologies to determine the weediness of agricultural crops in the example of the Akmola region
Authors: Yeszhanov G. , Mizanbekov I. , Essyrkep G. , Uzbergenova S. , Konkayeva L. , Shunekeyeva A.
Published: May 2023

Data from the PlanetScope remote sensing mission were used to determine the infestation of crops in the Akmola region. Data were obtained from 17 districts and two municipal cities. The statistical analysis of objects is shown, and the minimum, maximum, average, and standard deviation of the indicators of the studied sown areas in the Akmola region are revealed. Spring-summer and summer-autumn surveys of weed infestation of agricultural crops showed that despite the implementation of regular agrotechnical and chemical protective measures, the general condition of crops was determined as satisfactory (medium). The study shows that a complete database of information about agricultural, arable, and fallow fields could be easily formed with GIS technologies, and survey data of digitized crops in the Akmola region are available in real time for most users.
Bentonite clays of the Central Kyzylkum and their material composition and engineering and geological properties, Uzbekistan
Authors: Zakirov M. , Agzamova I. , Normatova N. , Begimkulov D. , Ochilov G. , Juliev M.
Published: May 2023

The authors consider the conditions of occurrence, composition, and properties of the Eocene clays of the Paleogene, common in the northern part of Tamdytau, which were the foundation of the structures. The present study of the authors is aimed at studying the problem of the long-term interaction of Eocene clays with water and identifying the features of changes in their material composition and properties; the variability of the composition, properties of clays, and the reasons for these changes are analyzed. The main factors determining the differences in the composition and properties of Paleogene clays are: genetic - different salinity of the sea basin or less saline at which the reservoirs were connected with the open sea; zonal-climatic - different humidity and other physical properties. So far, no unified methodology has been developed for predicting the composition and properties of clays at the base of structures when interacting with water. The results of granulometric analysis established that Paleogene clays are classified as highly dispersed soils containing more than 55% of clay particles. Analysis of the diffraction pattern showed that the clay fraction of the studied samples contain montmorillonite (M), hydromica (H), kaolinite (K), mixed-layer formations of the montmorillonite-hydromica series.
Application of GIS technologies in the investigation of soil salinity
Authors: Abdullaev Ilkhomjon , Nasirov Abdumanap , Yakubov Gayrat , Abdullaeva Nargiza
Published: May 2023

Soil salinization is the major problem affecting the productivity of irrigated lands. In Uzbekistan, irrigated area amounts to 4.5 million hectares or about 10% of Uzbekistan’s total area and almost 46.6% of these lands are affected by increasing salinity. The main reason for these conditions of irrigated land is the effect caused by natural factors (primary salinity) - inefficient natural drainage, saline groundwater, high evapotranspiration rates, and high capillary capacity of the soil. Moreover, human-induced processes (so-called “secondary salinity”), which lead to the enrichment of mineralization of groundwater. The objectives of this study iarethe soil salinity monitoring of irrigated lands and the mapping of the temporal and spatial distribution of salt-affected soils for the Arnasay district of Jizzakh province in Uzbekistan to support land management. Field data collected in 2017- 2018 was analyzed and based on the analysis soil map was developed. In the research area, based on these maps changes in soil salinity were identified. The results indicate that inefficient irrigation activities in the region would affect to the enrichment of salts in the top soils and reduce soil productivity. The GIS technologies are efficient tools for monitoring salt-affected lands.
Innovative technologies to increase the fertility of irrigated soils and crop yield
Authors: Sidikov S. , Ergasheva O. , Ermatova M. , Valieva A.
Published: May 2023

The main feature of non-traditional fertilizers is that they have a complex composition. They are new-generation fertilizers that contain the nutrients plants need and are able to provide plants with mobile nutrients for a long time. The development of non-traditional fertilizers will create new resources of fertilizers from the waste products of industry, households, and agricultural sectors. With the use of non-traditional fertilizers, agricultural products of good quality are obtained; this prolongs their shelf life. The use of non-traditional fertilizers is an alternative to the negative effects of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The article considers innovative technologies for increasing the fertility of irrigated soils and crop yields using non-traditional fertilizers produced from agricultural waste. Technology for making compost from waste and manure was developed; the influence of non-traditional fertilizers on the agrochemical properties of soil and cotton yields was revealed; the optimal rate of their application was determined.
Application of Drip Tape Stacker with Brake solution for Potato Cultivation
Authors: Martynova N. , Balabanov V. , Khudaev I. , Norov B.
Published: May 2023

In modern conditions, there is no possibility to obtain a guaranteed harvest while ensuring the required product quality without the use of agro-reclamation activities. These measures are aimed to provide optimal water-air balance for the growth of the plant. In order to organize irrigation, it is rational to use drip irrigation, which makes it possible to deliver irrigation water directly to the root-inhabited area. The large share of hand labor in the process of laying the drip tape prevents the wide development of this promising method of irrigation. Firms that are engaged in the development and production of special equipment for laying drip tape do not have working equipment designed for laying tape in a potato comb. The creation of this special equipment will increase the degree of mechanization of laying work, significantly improve its quality, ensuring uniform laying of the drip tape to ensure its further trouble-free operation.
Formation of highly dispersed droplets with harmless effect on the environment and the results of their mathematical and statistical processing
Authors: Irisov Kh. , Xamidov G.
Published: May 2023

In this article, given density, diameter, and dispersion of high-dispersion drops in the process of processing plant leaves with an improved cutter were studied. Digital drip cards 9950-0028, which are liquid sensitive, were used and analysed using Deposit Scan software. As a result of the mathematical-statistical processing of the data collected, the number of lines of variation, the diameter of the largest and smallest drops, the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation were determined. On the volumetric dimensions of the droplets, an integral curve line of the curve and distribution of the differential function of the Gaussian distribution law was constructed. It was observed in the tests that the limit of distribution by volume measurement of drops was equal to 53-149 mkm. With the agro technical reduction of the size of the drops that is with an increase in the quality of the spray, the working fluid consumption can be saved, and the negative effect on other plants in the environment, on products consumed by the people, can be reduced.
Studying the movement of fertilizers in the fertilizer spreader
Authors: Temirov S. , Tukhtabayev M. , Turgunov Z.
Published: May 2023

The article presents the results of the study to substantiate the angle of the vertical installation of the fertilizer spreader, which localizes the fertilizer between the rows of cotton. Based on the results obtained, a working body is developed for mixing organic and mineral fertilizers during intercropping. The movement of the fertilizer pieces along the X and Y axes was studied. The coordinates of the fertilizer pieces’ landing point on the working surface of the fertilizer spreader, their velocities, and motion equations of the fertilizer pieces in the next jump were created. As a result, the cotton grows equally and yields a good harvest. The movement of the fertilizer pieces and the movement and distribution of the fertilizer spreader along the working surface are studied. It was found that the vertical mounting angle of the fertilizer could be ɛ = 18˚.
Geovisualization of agricultural economic indicators
Authors: Rakhmonov Sherzod , Rakhmonov Kosimdjon , Bozarov Ikboljon
Published: May 2023

Agriculture is an important part of the economy of Uzbekistan. The article analyzes using geographic information systems (GIS) of the agricultural economy throughout the country. The study presents the relationship between population density and the agricultural economy. The article analyzes the relationship among the population, irrigated land, and gross agricultural income by the regions. Electronic maps, created on the basis of a statistical database, contain some indicators that describe the agricultural data of the republic, which helps to study and characterize the spatial differentiation of the region’s economy, the nature, and relationships of economic entities, as well as environmental management features. Analysis of statistical materials allows us to identify logically objective correlations and interconnections of events, to track economic processes and trends in their development. The cartographic method allows you to visually, and geographically visualize any economic and geographical phenomena, their regional ties, and interactions.