bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grammar emerges through reuse and modification of prior utterances
Authors: Su Danjie
Published: April 2016

Given the growing consensus that grammar emerges as language is used in social interaction, how grammar emerges through interaction still remains much unknown. This study demonstrates that the beginnings of the emergence of constructions can be found in individual interactions. Through an investigation on videotaped English conversations and corpora using discourse analysis, conversation analysis, and corpus linguistic methodologies, I find that conversational participants have a tendency as high as 80% or more to reuse words in prior turns. I argue that reuse as the mechanism of resonance motivation and modification as the mechanism of relevance motivation work competitively and conjointly, shaping the emergence of grammatical structures of a language. Reuses lead to formation of the fixed frame; modifications form the category for an open slot. In summary, grammar emerges through interaction among participants who are constantly reusing and modifying prior utterances to achieve current interactive goals.
Multi-body dynamic modelling and simulation of the torsional vibration system of converters based on rigid–flexible coupling
Authors: Liu Hongbin , Wang Haiyang , Shi Yongsheng , Xia Xintao , Liu Gongping
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to examine the dynamic response of large converters to the braking process. Based on the rigid–flexible coupling theory of the multi-body dynamics, and by adopting the finite element method and multi-body dynamics software Recurdyn, this work constructed a variety of rigid–flexible coupling dynamic models of converter transmission systems. With torsional vibration of the converter furnace during braking as the object of analysis, this research studied the pattern of the impact of speed change of driving motors, braking time, and rotational damping of the system on the torsional vibration characteristics of converters during the braking process. Comparison of the simulation results indicated that the rigid–flexible coupling mode had a greater impact on the simulation results and simulation efficiency. In particular, the analysis model using elastic units in the coupling between rigid and flexible bodies could effectively simulate the torsional and vibrational response of the converter braking process. Dynamic simulation results showed that increasing the braking time and rotational damping of the driving motor could effectively reduce the torsional vibration of the furnace under certain conditions. Within the same braking time, the maximum value and the continuity of the driving motor acceleration had the greatest impact on the torsional vibration amplitude of the furnace, and optimal control of furnace torsional vibration could be achieved when the acceleration was a second-order curve.
Managing stakeholder relations, natural resources and tourism: A case study from Ololosokwan, Tanzania
Authors: Burgoyne Chris , Mearns Kevin
Published: April 2016

This manuscript investigates the complexities and challenges in the management of the Ololosokwan community conservation area in Northern Tanzania. The conservation area is adjacent to the Serengeti National Park, just south of the Tanzanian-Kenyan Border where nomadic Maasai Pastoralists are free to cross international borders in search of grazing for their cattle. The Ololosokwan community is faced with the difficulties of managing a number of conflicting land-uses and community aspirations while striving toward the maintenance of a successful and sustainable community conservation area in collaboration with a private tourism operation. Benefit sharing was found to be an effective way in which to heal negative stakeholder engagements of the past, and active participation in the development of community livelihoods was found to be a more meaningful pursuit in this cause than merely sharing money. Despite opportunities for stakeholders to show that they are willing to work together, existing conflict is likely to continue as stakeholders still mistrust each other and often align themselves with groups that share common interests.
Thinking academic freedom
Authors: Lange Lis
Published: April 2016

This lecture argues that the politicisation and instrumentalisation of the university caused by neoliberal frames has as a result the depoliticisation of knowledge and of the academic as individual. This depoliticisation has turned academic freedom into a right to disengage not only from the political fight around these issues but also from the deliberation about knowledge. The lecture uses the thinking of Arendt and Bourdieu to propose a different approach to the conceptualisation and practice of academic freedom.
John Higgins on Academic Freedom
Authors: Docherty Thomas
Published: April 2016

This review article considers the work of John Higgins on academic freedom. It reveals that Higgins offers an account that eschews any fundamental relation between academic freedom and the market. Rather, he offers a more nuanced view that takes academic freedom out of the academy and into a wider political and social domain, while simultaneously avoiding the trap of offering a transcendent or metaphysical ‘idea’ of academic freedom. This depends upon what Higgins calls ‘critical literacy’, which requires that we develop an understanding of specific issues textually, theoretically, and historically. In this way, Higgins attends to historically specific occasions when social freedom is under threat, and demonstrates how our freedoms within the academy can intervene to redeem that social freedom and extend it. The piece argues that academic freedom is more than merely academic, but social and political.
Talking about academic freedom
Authors: Halvorson Tor
Published: April 2016

Higgins J (2013) Academic freedom in a democratic South Africa. Essays and interviews on higher education and the humanities. Johannesburg, South Africa: Wits University Press.
Edward J Rice and flow control studies for jets and shear layers at NASA Glenn Research Center
Authors: Zaman Khairul BMQ , Raman Ganesh
Published: April 2016

Dr. Edward (Ed) J Rice’s most notable technical contributions are in the areas of duct acoustics and sound-absorbing liner technology, which are the subjects of several of the articles in this special issue. Starting in 1984 until his retirement in 1993, Dr. Rice led a “shear flow control” effort at NASA Glenn Research Center. Both authors of this article were part of that effort under his supervision. This article provides a brief overview of the various aspects of that effort, in the form of a narrative with minimal technical details. It covers research areas in which Ed had direct and indirect contributions and includes some activities that continued after his retirement through the mid-1990s.
Nonlinear effects on tonal sound in lined ducts
Authors: Nelson David A
Published: April 2016

Porous sound absorbers are a familiar and supposedly well-understood feature of the noise control palette. As in many other aspects of engineering, however, aerospace applications require a degree of mastery well beyond the common place: sound absorbers must be designed to be effective at high noise levels within strict mass and volume constraints. In the process of fine-tuning sound absorbers for jet aircraft, it was discovered that high incident sound pressure levels cause the performance of lined ducts to diverge from small-signal predictions. The underlying physics was not fully understood prior to the early 1980s, at which point NASA-sponsored research disclosed and quantified the primary mechanism. Further research by others continues building on that foundation down to the present. This paper gives a brief overview of the topic, summarizes one of the research efforts, and adapts its findings for lined duct applications.
Hybrid LES-RANS simulations of a jet impinging on a flat plate
Authors: Mankbadi R , Lo S-C , Lyrintzis A , Golubev V , Dewan Y , Kurbatskii K
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we explore the use of a second-order unstructured-grid, finite-volume code for direct noise prediction. We consider a Mach 1.5 jet impinging on a perpendicular flat plate. Hybrid LES-RANS simulations are used to calculate directly both the flow field and the radiated sound. The ANSYS Fluent commercial code is utilized for the calculations. The acoustic field is obtained directly from the simulations and is compared with the integral approach of Ffowcs-Williams–Hawkings. Results indicate the existence of a preferred radiation angle. The spectrum obtained is in good agreement with observations. This points out to the possibility of handling the effects of complicated geometries on noise radiation by using unstructured second-order codes.
Play as third space between home and school: Bridging cultural discourses
Authors: Yahya Raudhah , Wood Elizabeth Ann
Published: April 2016

This article examines play as a conceptual third space that serves as a bridge between home and school discourses. Using sociocultural theories and an interpretivist framework, 19 immigrant mothers and their children in Canada were interviewed about their play experiences at home and in preschools. The findings reveal that children and teachers utilise play as third space in various ways. Although there is some cultural dissonance experienced by children, this study illustrates ways that children use play as a bridge between home and school and explores strategies that teachers use in supporting children’s use of play as third space. As children navigate these two cultural sites, they accumulate funds of knowledge and life experiences, which then meet, interact and perhaps fuse together in the conceptual third space. The conclusion proposes that ‘play as third space’ can be used as a conceptual framework for educators and practitioners to support children’s transition from home to school and assist children who experience discontinuities.
The association between dental health and nutritional status in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Terashima Takeshi , Chubachi Shotaro , Matsuzaki Tatsu , Nakajima Takahiro , Satoh Minako , Iwami Eri , Yoshida Kyouko , Katakura Akira , Betsuyaku Tomoko
Published: April 2016

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory systemic diseases with common risk factors (smoking and aging). In COPD, poor periodontal health could result in inadequate nutrition, potentially causing loss of muscle volume. The purpose of this case-control study was to examine our hypothesis that COPD patients have poorer periodontal health and poorer nutritional status than non-COPD patients. Periodontal status was assessed using bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and plaque–control ratio (PCR). Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index, lean body mass, and serum albumin levels. The COPD group ( n = 60) had fewer remaining teeth, greater BOP, greater PD, and lower serum albumin levels compared with smokers without COPD ( n = 41) and nonsmokers ( n = 35; p < 0.001). COPD was an independent risk factor for poor periodontal health, demonstrated by fewer remaining teeth (relative risk (RR), 5.48; p = 0.0024), BOP (RR, 12.8; p = 0.0009), and having >30% of remaining teeth with a PD ≥ 4 mm (RR, 4.82; p = 0.011). A significant negative correlation existed between the number of teeth with a PD ≥ 4 mm and serum albumin level ( r2 = 0.127; p = 0.013). We demonstrated that poor periodontal health was associated with hypoalbuminemia, suggesting poor nutritional status and inflammation in COPD.
Prosocial Outcomes of Hotel’s CSR-Perceived Motives
Authors: Kang Eun Yeon , Atkinson Lucy
Published: April 2016

This study explores social marketing effects of a hotel’s proenvironmental practices. With an emphasis on consumers’ perceptions of a hotel’s corporate social responsibility motives, it looks at how perceived motives influence consumer responses—attitudes toward a hotel and hotel selection, intentions to participate in a hotel’s green program, and willingness to pay a premium to support its efforts. Findings indicated that a consumers’ perceived public-serving motive positively influenced consumer responses, while a self-serving motive had negative impacts. Additionally, this study revealed that consumers’ perceived motives varied significantly by hotel user segments but not by hotel class. That is, luxury hotel users had a tendency to consider the motive as public serving compared to an economy hotel user group. Further, perceived motive mediated the relationships between hotel user segments and consumer responses, which included prosocial outcomes, like intentions to participate in a green hotel program, along with attitudes toward a hotel, intentions to select a hotel, and intentions to pay a premium.
Teacher Evaluation of Resources Designed for Adapting Mathematics for Students With Significant Cognitive Disabilities
Authors: Lee Angel , Browder Diane M. , Flowers Claudia , Wakeman Shawnee
Published: April 2016

Although educators of students who take alternate assessments based on alternate achievement standards are charged with providing access to grade-level mathematics to help their students prepare for this requirement, almost no models exist to provide guidance for how to adapt mathematics content for this population of students. This study asked educators to evaluate resource materials for adapting grade-aligned mathematics. One hundred twenty-five participants completed a survey to appraise two resources developed specifically for teaching mathematics to students with significant cognitive disabilities. One of the resources was designed to build mathematics content knowledge and the second to provide guidance for designing mathematics instruction aligned to academic content standards. The resources received positive reviews from a large majority of respondents who agreed they provided educators with needed models for teaching specific mathematics content.
Building and leading a learning culture among teachers
Authors: Haiyan Qian , Walker Allan , Xiaowei Yang
Published: April 2016

A positive teacher learning culture is important to effect meaningful changes in schools. Literature has established that successful school leaders can build and nurture learning cultures among teachers. However, less is known about how school leaders can shape the culture and make learning conditions happen at the schools in the Chinese education context. This paper reports an in-depth qualitative case study of a primary school in Shanghai. Using data collected from the principal, vice principal, mid-level leaders and teachers, the study attempts to answer these two questions: how do the school leaders build and nurture a positive teacher learning culture, and how does this culture affect teachers’ working lives?
High satisfaction and low decisional conflict with advance care planning among chronically ill patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or heart failure using an online decision aid: A pilot study
Authors: Van Scoy Lauren J , Green Michael J , Dimmock Anne EF , Bascom Rebecca , Boehmer John P , Hensel Jessica K , Hozella Joshua B , Lehman Erik B , Schubart Jane R , Farace Elana , Stewart Renee R , Levi Benjamin H
Published: April 2016

Objective

Many patients with chronic illnesses report a desire for increased involvement in medical decision-making. This pilot study aimed to explore how patients with exacerbation-prone disease trajectories such as advanced heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experience advance care planning using an online decision aid and to compare whether patients with different types of exacerbation-prone illnesses had varied experiences using the tool.

Methods

Pre-intervention questionnaires measured advance care planning knowledge. Post-intervention questionnaires measured: (1) advance care planning knowledge; (2) satisfaction with tool; (3) decisional conflict; and (4) accuracy of the resultant advance directive. Comparisons were made between patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Results

Over 90% of the patients with heart failure (n = 24) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 25) reported being “satisfied” or “highly satisfied” with the tool across all satisfaction domains; over 90% of participants rated the resultant advance directive as “very accurate.” Participants reported low decisional conflict. Advance care planning knowledge scores rose by 18% (p < 0.001) post-intervention. There were no significant differences between participants with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Discussion

Patients with advanced heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were highly satisfied after using an online advance care planning decision aid and had increased knowledge of advance care planning. This tool can be a useful resource for time-constrained clinicians whose patients wish to engage in advance care planning.
Endovascular therapy versus thrombolysis in patients with anterior circulation stroke in everyday clinical practice
Authors: Kastrup Andreas , Brunner Freimuth , Wasser Katrin , Hildebrandt Helmut , Roth Christoph , Winterhalter Michael , Papanagiotou Panagiotis
Published: April 2016

Background

In patients with large vessel occlusions, endovascular treatment has been shown to be superior to intravenous thrombolysis in recent trials.

Aims

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of endovascular treatment on clinical and radiological outcome in everyday clinical practice.

Methods

We compared the rates of good outcome (modified Rankin scale ≤ 2 at discharge), in-hospital death, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages, and infarct sizes in patients with distal intracranial carotid artery, M1 and M2 occlusions during two time periods.

Results

From January 2008 to October 2012, a total of 509 patients were treated with intravenous thrombolysis and from November 2012 to December 2014, a total of 270 patients received endovascular treatment with stent retrievers (with or without intravenous thrombolysis). Significantly, more patients in the endovascular treatment group than in the intravenous thrombolysis group had a good outcome (37% vs. 27%, p < 0.01). The infarct sizes were significantly smaller after endovascular treatment than intravenous thrombolysis, whereas the symptomatic intracranial hemorrhages rates and in-hospital mortality were comparable between both treatment groups. The positive impact of endovascular treatment on clinical outcome was most pronounced in patients ≥75 years (31% endovascular treatment vs. 19% intravenous thrombolysis, p < 0.01), in patients with M1 occlusions (43% endovascular treatment vs. 25% intravenous thrombolysis, p < 0.01) and in patients with an admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥ 14 (24% endovascular treatment vs. 11% intravenous thrombolysis, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In everyday clinical practice and compared with intravenous thrombolysis, endovascular treatment significantly improved clinical outcome and was associated with smaller infarctions. This beneficial effect appeared to be highest in older patients, more severely affected patients, and in those with M1 occlusions.
close: Closure of patent foramen ovale, oral anticoagulants or antiplatelet therapy to prevent stroke recurrence: Study design
Authors: Mas Jean-Louis , Derumeaux Geneviève , Amarenco Pierre , Arquizan Caroline , Aubry Pierre , Barthelet Martine , Bertrand Bernard , Brochet Eric , Cabanes Laure , Donal Erwan , Dubois-Randé Jean-Luc , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Ernande Laura , Finet Gérard , Fraisse Alain , Giroud Maurice , Guérin Patrice , Habib Gilbert , Juliard Jean-Michel , Leys Didier , Lièvre Michel , Lusson Jean-René , Marcon François , Michel Patrick , Moulin Thierry , Mounier-Vehier François , Pierard Luc , Piot Christophe , Rey Christian , Rodier Gilles , Roudaut Raymond , Schleich Jean-Marc , Teiger Emmanuel , Turc Guillaume , Vuillier Fabrice , Weimar Christian , Woimant France , Chatellier Gilles ,   on behalf of the CLOSE investigators
Published: April 2016

Rationale

Currently available data do not provide definitive evidence on the comparative benefits of closure of patent foramen ovale, oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet therapy in patients with patent foramen ovale-associated cryptogenic stroke

Aim

To assess whether transcatheter patent foramen ovale closure plus antiplatelet therapy is superior to antiplatelet therapy alone and whether oral anticoagulant therapy is superior to antiplatelet therapy, for secondary stroke prevention in patients aged 16 to 60 years with a large patent foramen ovale or a patent foramen ovale associated with an atrial septal aneurysm, and an otherwise unexplained ischaemic stroke or retinal ischaemia.

Sample size

Six hundred and sixty-four patients were included in the study.

Methods and design

CLOSE is an academic-driven, multicentre, randomized, open-label, three-group, superiority trial with blinded adjudication of outcome events. The trial has been registered with Clinical Trials Register (Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00562289). Patient recruitment started in December 2007. Patient follow-up will continue until December 2016. Expected mean follow-up = 5.6 years.

Study outcomes

The primary efficacy outcome is the occurrence of fatal or nonfatal stroke. Safety outcomes include fatal, life-threatening or major procedure- or device-related complications and fatal, life-threatening or major haemorrhagic complications.

Discussion

CLOSE is the first specifically designed trial to assess the superiority of patent foramen ovale closure over antiplatelet therapy alone and the superiority of oral anticoagulants over antiplatelet therapy to prevent stroke recurrence in patients with patent foramen ovale-associated cryptogenic stroke.
Beyond Abu Ghraib: War trophy photography and commemorative violence
Authors: Jakob Joey Brooke
Published: April 2016

The commemoration of wartime often has emerged alongside brutal practices waged on the enemy, and the photographed events at Abu Ghraib are no exception. Indeed, the composition of these images builds upon a visual history in which certain dynamics are represented within more general and often innocuous combat photography. This article focuses on two things in order to articulate this premise. The first is to outline how ‘war trophy photography’ is the result of the entwined practices of war photography and trophy collection. Mapped using a combined comparative historical approach and visual semiotics, this research draws upon three images, one from WWI, another from WWII, and one from Abu Ghraib. Specifically to highlight how posing within these photos acknowledges the images as trophies, the second function of this article emerges with the concept of ‘commemorative violence’, as the representation is fused with emotional communication and cultural memory.
‘These people protesting might not be so strident if their own jobs were on the line’: Representations of the ‘economic consequences’ of opposition to the Iraq war in the Irish national press
Authors: Coulter Colin , Browne Harry , Flynn Roddy , Hetherington Vanessa , Titley Gavan
Published: April 2016

In this article, the authors examine the ways in which the social movement in Ireland opposed to the Iraq war was represented in the national press. The article draws upon data generated by the largest research project of its type ever conducted in an Irish context. The authors considered representations of the anti-war movement in 11 daily and Sunday newspapers over a period of 9 months. One of the principal threads that ran through newspaper coverage of the time centred upon concerns about the possible ‘economic consequences’ of opposing the war against Iraq. A close reading of the data reveals that the familiar reliance of journalists on official sources and interpretations ensured that the national press tended to cast the anti-war movement in Ireland as a danger to both the regional and national economy at a time of seemingly unprecedented prosperity.
Clinical efficacy of combined sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate and zinc treatment in neurological Wilson’s disease with D-penicillamine treatment failure
Authors: Chen Dingbang , Zhou Xiangxue , Hou Haiman , Feng Li , Liu JunXiu , Liang Yinyin , Lin Xiaopu , Zhang Jiwei , Wu Chao , Liang Xiuling , Pei Zhong , Li Xunhua
Published: April 2016

Objectives:

There are limited pharmacological treatments for patients with neurological Wilson’s disease (WD) and a history of copper-chelating treatment failure.

Methods:

We retrospectively evaluated the clinical records of 38 patients with WD who were treated with sodium dimercaptopropanesulfonate (DMPS) and zinc (group 1) or zinc alone (group 2). All patients had a history of neurological deterioration during their previous treatment with D-penicillamine (DPA).

Results:

Twenty-one patients were treated with intravenous DMPS for 4 weeks, followed by zinc gluconate for 6 months, and the treatment protocol was repeated twice. Relative to the baseline, repeated DMPS therapy and zinc maintenance therapy decreased neurological scores continuously ( p < 0.01). Sixteen patients (76.2%) demonstrated neurological improvements after 1 year of therapy and four patients (19.0%) exhibited neurological deterioration at the follow-up session. In addition, 17 patients were treated with zinc monotherapy for 12 months. Two patients (11.8%) demonstrated neurological improvements and five patients (29.4%) exhibited neurological deterioration. Compared with the patients in group 2, a greater improvement ratio ( p < 0.01) and lower deterioration ratio ( p < 0.01) were observed in the patients in group 1 after 1 year of therapy.

Conclusions:

Our findings indicate that the safety and efficacy of combined treatment of DMPS and zinc is superior to those of zinc monotherapy in patients with neurological WD with a history of DPA treatment failure.
Optimal treatment of tuberous sclerosis complex associated renal angiomyolipomata: a systematic review
Authors: Bissler John J. , Kingswood John C.
Published: April 2016

Renal angiomyolipomata associated with tuberous sclerosis complex are often bilateral, multiple and progressive. They cause significant morbidity and mortality in older children and adults. Surveillance and pre-emptive treatment reduce this risk. Recent research suggests treatment with mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors is better at preventing bleeding, recurrence, and preserving renal function than percutaneous embolization.
The role of family in non-communicable disease prevention in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: BeLue Rhonda
Published: April 2016

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease risk factors such as diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN), are becoming an increasing burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); by 2030, NCDs are expected to eclipse communicable diseases as the leading causes of death. DM and HTN require daily management to prevent stroke, myocardial infarction, or other complications including kidney failure. In SSA, the concept of family is critical for DM and HTN management behaviors such as adhering to medications and possessing the ability to purchase related goods. Many management behaviors also serve as primary prevention for DM and HTN. For example, including family in primary and secondary prevention strategies for NCDs in SSA may enhance existing interventions by exposing the whole family to positive NCD management methods and reinforcing better NCD outcomes for family members with NCDs. Furthermore, family inclusion may encourage preventive behaviors and, as a result, increase primary prevention of NCDs among other family members.
Sentido de coherencia y mapa de activos para la salud en jóvenes presos de la Comunidad Valenciana en España
Authors: Vera-Remartínez Enrique J. , Paredes-Carbonell Joan J. , Aviñó Juan-Ulpiano Dory , Jiménez-Pérez Mercedes , Araujo Pérez Rosa , Agulló-Cantos José M. , Mora Notario Almudena
Published: April 2016

Estudio realizado desde el enfoque de la salutogénesis que pretende determinar el sentido de coherencia (SOC) en jóvenes presos de la Comunidad Valenciana en España y elaborar un mapa de activos para la salud dirigido a promover la salud en esta población. Se utilizó el test “SOC-13” y un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas elaborado ad hoc, el cual autocompletaron los internos de 18 a 22 años de edad, de los tres centros penitenciarios de la región. Participaron 124 jóvenes varones (ya que no había ninguna mujer) y se recogieron variables sociodemográficas y penitenciarias. En el análisis cuantitativo, las variables categóricas se expresaron como frecuencias absolutas y relativas; y las cuantitativas, mediante medias con intervalos de confianza (IC) al 95%. Se realizó un estudio comparativo bivariante, utilizando las siguientes pruebas: Student t-test, análisis de variación (ANOVA), Wilcoxon y Ji-cuadrado. Del cuestionario de preguntas abiertas, se realizó un análisis cualitativo descriptivo temático de los activos identificados, clasificándolos en: internos (recursos personales, en relación con los demás y capacidad para realizar comportamientos saludables) y externos (personas, grupos, instituciones y espacios físicos, situados tanto dentro como fuera de prisión). La edad media fue de 21,1 años (IC 95%: 20,8–21,3); y el SOC de 52,4 (IC 95%: 50,5–54,3), de entre un valor mínimo de 13 y máximo de 91 para la prueba. Los internos del centro penitenciario que ofrecía más actividades escolares y deportivas obtuvieron una puntuación mayor en la dimensión de significatividad del SOC ( p = 0,024), y los internos inmigrantes presentaron un SOC superior ( p = 0,037) a los españoles, en los tres centros. Los jóvenes identificaron los activos internos que cualitativamente se vinculan con las dimensiones de comprensibilidad, manejabilidad y significatividad del SOC; y los activos externos, sobre todo los amigos, familiares y espacios relacionados con la actividad físico-deportiva, tanto dentro como fuera de prisión. Estos activos y sus interrelaciones podrían incorporarse al diseño de futuras intervenciones de promoción de la salud.
Gutter oil: an overview of Chinese food safety issues and policies
Authors: Li Jia , Cui Naixue , Liu Jianghong
Published: April 2016

Food safety has become a focus of attention worldwide. In China, one of the top concerns in food safety is gutter oil, known as ‘swill-cooked oil’. This Commentary summarizes the key incidents disclosed to the public by the media, and the policies regarding gutter oil at national, regional, and provincial or city levels. Several challenges the country still faces in tackling this issue are identified, including a lack of evaluation of the implementation and effect of the policies, a lack of effective technology to detect and recycle gutter oil, and the overlooking of the hazardous effect of gutter oil on health. This commentary suggests that strengthening policy implementation and evaluation, improving measurement and recycling technologies, and launching public health campaigns would help eliminate gutter oil from dining tables.
Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation
Authors: Gille Justus , Behrens Peter , Schulz Arndt Peter , Oheim Ralf , Kienast Benjamin
Published: April 2016

Introduction

A prospective clinical investigation was carried out in order to clarify whether Matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) results in clinical improvement at long-term follow-up.

Hypothesis

MACI will result in clinical improvement at long-term follow-up.

Study Design

Case series; level of evidence, 4.

Methods

Thirty-eight patients were treated with MACI. These patients were evaluated for up to a mean of 16 years (range 15-17 years) after the intervention. Three different scores (Lysholm-Gilquist score, International Cartilage Repair Society score, and Tegner score) formed the basis of this study. Overall, we were able to obtain valid preoperative and postoperative results from 18 (47%) of 38 patients. In 1 patient, both knees were treated. In 4 patients, an arthroplasty was implanted over the course of time; thus they were excluded from this case series. In conclusion, follow-up of 15 knees was performed in the recent series.

Results

In subjective rating, 12 out of 14 patients (86%) rated the function of their knee as much better or better than before the index procedure. All numerical outcome scores showed significant improvement compared to the preoperative value (preoperative/postoperative at 5 years/postoperative at 15 years): Lysholm score 59.6 (±24.6)/78.6 (±21.5)/82.7 (±11.3), International Knee Documentation Committee score 50.6 (±22.7)/64.7 (±21.6)/69.7 (±18.7), Tegner score 3.0 (±2.2)/3.6 (±1.5)/5.2 (±1.7).

Conclusion

The significantly improved results on 3 scores after 15 years suggest that MACI represents a suitable treatment of local cartilage defects in the knee.
Does descriptive representation lead to social desirability bias? Over-reporting of voting among blacks and Latinos in the United States
Authors: Stout Christopher Timothy , Martin Paul J.
Published: April 2016

This study explores whether black and/or Latino respondents are more likely to over-report voting in districts with US House candidates of the same race/ethnicity and whether the overstating of political participation is contingent on shared partisanship between the candidate and the respondent. We test these relationships using vote-validated data from the 2006 and 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Study. We find that blacks and Latinos are not more likely to over-report voting in districts with descriptive candidates regardless of whether the candidate and respondent share the same party identification or not. The results of this study provide support for previous and future studies linking descriptive representation to higher levels of black and Latino turnout using non-voter validated data.
Hybrid technique coil embolisation for intrahepatic arterioportal fistula in a cat: case report
Authors: Uemura Akiko , Haruyama Takashi , Nakata Mary , Fukayama Toshiharu , Goya Seijirow , Fukushima Ryuji , Tanaka Ryou
Published: April 2016

Case summary

A 13-month-old, female, mixed breed, 4.0 kg cat was referred with a 6 month history of decreased appetite, loss of vigour and intermittent vomiting. Physical examination revealed no cyanosis or wasting, and no audible heart murmur was auscultated. Blood profile revealed mild anaemia and mildly elevated postprandial serum ammonia (109 µg/dl). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed dilation of an intrahepatic portal vein branch and an intrahepatic aneurysm, with splenomegaly and ascites. Hepatic arteriovenous fistula/hepatic artery–portal vein fistula with multiple acquired portosystemic shunts was strongly suspected. Medical control was achieved using antibiotics, liver-protecting agents, a low-protein diet and blood transfusions. However, because medical treatment proved ineffective, coil embolisation was performed on day 11, using a hybrid approach via the mesenteric vein. Subsequent follow-up showed good appetite, with no signs of diarrhoea or ascites. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed that the mosaic pattern around the site of coil placement in the portal vein branch had improved and pulsatility had disappeared.

Relevance and novel information

Intrahepatic arterioportal fistula involves a circulatory shunt between the hepatic artery and the hepatic or portal vein within the liver, and may be congenital or acquired. Both forms have been reported in humans, but most cases in cats have been congenital. Few reports have described treatment methods or prognosis in cats. We report here that coil embolisation using a hybrid approach is a procedure offering easy, effective treatment by blocking hepatofugal blood flow.
Screened Intimacies: Tinder and the Swipe Logic
Authors: David Gaby , Cambre Carolina
Published: April 2016

This article seeks to amplify discursive constructions of social connection through technology with an examination of the proposed and presumed intimacies of the Tinder app. In the first half, we ethnographically examine the sociotechnical dynamics of how users navigate the app and take up or resist the subject positions encouraged by the user interface feature of swiping. In the second half, we provide a discussion of the implications of the swipe logic through post-structural conceptual lenses interrogating the ironic disruption of intimacy of Tinder’s interface.
Health dialogue with non-native-speaking parents: Child health nurses’ experiences
Authors: Johansson Lisbeth , Golsäter Marie , Hedberg Berith
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to explore child health care nurses’ experiences of conducting health dialogues with non-native-speaking parents. In Sweden, it is not routine that all non-native-speaking parents are invited to a health dialogue. Regardless of language and cultural background, it is important that all parents have the same opportunities to participate. The data were obtained through two focus-group interviews and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The results revealed one theme Need for cultural awareness in the health dialogue and two categories: Overcoming feelings of uncertainty, with a need for more transcultural knowledge regarding what health and health promotion mean in other cultures; and Adapting the process of the health dialogue, whereby interpreters need knowledge about the intention of health dialogues and the content of the tool used in the encounter. Transcultural competence is needed in encounters with parents from other cultures.
Prevalence of Hepatotoxicity From Antituberculosis Therapy
Authors: Saha Arunava , Shanthi F.X. Margaret , Winston A. Blessed , Das Saibal , Kumar Aniket , Michael Joy S. , Balamugesh T.
Published: April 2016

Background: Antituberculosis (ATT) drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common and serious adverse effect of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. This retrospective study was carried out to study the prevalence of DILI among patients who had received anti-TB medications and to study some of the known risk factors responsible for causing DILI. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal descriptive study was performed to evaluate cases of DILI with predefined criteria. Patients of all ages, diagnosed and treated for smear positive pulmonary TB from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012 and those who came for regular follow-up were included in the study. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association of different risk factors and DILI. The confounders considered were age, sex, weight, body mass index, doses of drugs (fixed or per kg), ATT regimens (daily or intermittent), and treatment categories. Results: Of the 253 patients analyzed, 24 (9.48%) developed DILI. Associations of different risk factors were insignificant; including chronic alcohol consumption, hepatitis B infection, hepatitis C infection, HIV infection, and existing chronic TB. Conclusion: DILI was not significantly associated with known risk factors in our settings.
Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Leaf on Anxiety in Mice
Authors: Noori Ahmad Abadi Mosayeb , Mortazavi Mohsen , Kalani Navid , Marzouni Hadi Zare , Kooti Wesam , Ali-Akbari Sara
Published: April 2016

In today’s stressful world, psychopathy (especially anxiety) is receiving increased importance. Most of the drugs used to treat this disease have several side effects. Medicinal plants derived from natural products have fewer side effects and can be used in the treatment of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on anxiety in mice. In this experimental study, 50 male mice were randomly divided into 5 groups. To evaluate anxiety, the Elevated Plus Maze test was performed. The control group received normal saline, the positive control group received diazepam (1 mg/kg) as intraperitoneal injection, and the experimental groups received doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight of rosemary extract. The data were analyzed using SPSS 15 and ANOVA statistical tests. The results show that rosemary extract dose-dependently increases the mice spending time and the entries number of mice in plus maze open arms (indicating less stress). This effect at a dose of 400 mg/kg was similar to diazepam, which, in comparison to the control group, was statistically significant ( P < .01), while the evaluation of locomotor activity in treated groups, compared with the control groups, showed no significant difference ( P > .05). On the other hand, the rosemary extract, similar to the standard drug diazepam, showed an anti-anxiety effect. This effect is probably due to the presence of flavonoids in this plant and their antioxidant property.
Stakeholders’ Perspectives About and Priorities for Economic Evaluation of Health and Safety Programs in Healthcare
Authors: Tompa Emile , de Boer Henriette , Macdonald Sara , Alamgir Hasanat , Koehoorn Mieke , Guzman Jaime
Published: April 2016

This study identified and prioritized resources and outcomes that should be considered in more comprehensive and scientifically rigorous health and safety economic evaluations according to healthcare sector stakeholders. A literature review and stakeholder interviews identified candidate resources and outcomes and then a Delphi panel ranked them. According to the panel, the top five resources were (a) health and safety staff time; (b) training workers; (c) program planning, promotion, and evaluation costs; (d) equipment purchases and upgrades; and (e) administration costs. The top five outcomes were (a) number of injuries, illnesses, and general sickness absences; (b) safety climate; (c) days lost due to injuries, illnesses, and general sickness absences; (d) job satisfaction and engagement; and (e) quality of care and patient safety. These findings emphasize stakeholders’ stated priorities and are useful as a benchmark for assessing the quality of health and safety economic evaluations and the comprehensiveness of these findings.
Differences in Hospital Managers’, Unit Managers’, and Health Care Workers’ Perceptions of the Safety Climate for Respiratory Protection
Authors: Peterson Kristina , Rogers Bonnie M. E. , Brosseau Lisa M. , Payne Julianne , Cooney Jennifer , Joe Lauren , Novak Debra
Published: April 2016

This article compares hospital managers’ (HM), unit managers’ (UM), and health care workers’ (HCW) perceptions of respiratory protection safety climate in acute care hospitals. The article is based on survey responses from 215 HMs, 245 UMs, and 1,105 HCWs employed by 98 acute care hospitals in six states. Ten survey questions assessed five of the key dimensions of safety climate commonly identified in the literature: managerial commitment to safety, management feedback on safety procedures, coworkers’ safety norms, worker involvement, and worker safety training. Clinically and statistically significant differences were found across the three respondent types. HCWs had less positive perceptions of management commitment, worker involvement, and safety training aspects of safety climate than HMs and UMs. UMs had more positive perceptions of management’s supervision of HCWs’ respiratory protection practices. Implications for practice improvements indicate the need for frontline HCWs’ inclusion in efforts to reduce safety climate barriers and better support effective respiratory protection programs and daily health protection practices.
Sports Journalism and the FIFA Scandal
Authors: Rowe David
Published: April 2016

The scandalous events surrounding the 65th Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Congress in Zurich in mid-2015 produced an enormous quantity of media coverage. While few have a deep level of knowledge of FIFA’s history or governance, this global story worked effectively as narrativized media characterization by often constructing a comic view of FIFA President Joseph S. Blatter. Although entertaining, this coverage mainly served to highlight the substantial failure of most of the news media, and especially of sports journalism, to deal seriously with the institutional politics of sport. This article analyses the media’s roles and responsibilities regarding sport as a key sociocultural institution and the media’s relationships with sports organizations, sportspeople, governments, commercial corporations, sport fans, and the wider citizenry. It considers the potential of sports communication and journalism education to change the dynamics of reporting everyday issues and eruptive scandals in sport. Ethical conduct in sport organizations and, particularly, in the hosting of mega sports events like the FIFA World Cup, should, it is argued, be addressed consistently by an inquiring and sceptical media. Above all, the media must beware of succumbing to the temptations of complacency and complicity in the games with which they are engaged.
Greater Hip Extension but Not Hip Abduction Explosive Strength Is Associated With Lesser Hip Adduction and Knee Valgus Motion During a Single-Leg Jump-Cut
Authors: Cronin Baker , Johnson Samuel T. , Chang Eunwook , Pollard Christine D. , Norcross Marc F.
Published: April 2016

Background:

The relationships between hip abductor and extensor strength and frontal plane hip and knee motions that are associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury risk are equivocal. However, previous research on these relationships has evaluated relatively low-level movement tasks and peak torque rather than a time-critical strength measure such as the rate of torque development (RTD).

Hypothesis:

Females with greater hip abduction and extension RTD would exhibit lesser frontal plane hip and knee motion during a single-leg jump-cutting task.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Forty recreationally active females performed maximal isometric contractions and single-leg jump-cuts. From recorded torque data, hip extension and abduction RTD was calculated from torque onset to 200 ms after onset. Three-dimensional motion analysis was used to quantify frontal plane hip and knee kinematics during the movement task. For each RTD measure, jump-cut biomechanics were compared between participants in the highest (high) and lowest (low) RTD tertiles.

Results:

No differences in frontal plane hip and knee kinematics were identified between high and low hip abduction RTD groups. However, those in the high hip extension RTD group exhibited lower hip adduction (high, 3.8° ± 3.0°; low, 6.5° ± 3.0°; P = .019) and knee valgus (high, –2.5° ± 2.3°; low, –4.4° ± 3.2°; P = .046) displacements during the jump-cut.

Conclusion:

In movements such as cutting that are performed with the hip in a relatively abducted and flexed position, the ability of the gluteus medius to control hip adduction may be compromised. However, the gluteus maximus, functioning as a hip abductor, may take on a pivotal role in controlling hip adduction and knee valgus motion during these types of tasks.

Clinical Relevance:

Training with a specific emphasis on increasing explosive strength of the hip extensors may be a means through which to improve frontal plane hip and knee control during high-risk maneuvers such as cutting.