bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Halil Halid Bey ve “Rodos Fethinde Sultan Süleyman’ın Tedabir-i Siyasiyesi” Adlı Risalesi
Authors: Şahiner Yakup
Published: March 2022

Halil Halid Bey Osmanlı döneminde tanınmış ulema ailelerinden biri olan Çerkeşşeyhizadelere mensuptur. 1868 tarihinde Ankara’da dünyaya gelmiş ve ilköğrenimini burada tamamlamıştır. Daha sonra amcasının destek ve teşvikleriyle İstanbul Bayezid Medresesine kaydolmuştur. Bayezid Medresesinden mezun olduktan sonra dönemin modern okullarından biri olan Mekteb-i Hukuk’u kazanmış ve eğitimine burada devam etmiştir. Mekteb-i Hukuk’u bitirdikten sonra ise İstanbul’da avukatlık ve gazetecilik yapmaya başlamıştır. Fakat bu sıralarda yaşadığı bazı olaylar İstanbul’u terk edip İngiltere’ye kaçmasına sebep olmuştur. İngiltere’deyken tanıştığı ileri gelen şahsiyetlerin destekleri, Cambridge Üniversitesi’nde ilk Türk hoca olmasını sağlamış ve bu görevi 1911 tarihine kadar sürdürmüştür. 1911 tarihinde Cambridge Üniversitesi’ndeki görevinden istifa ederek İstanbul’a dönmüştür. İstanbul’a döndükten sonra Nisan 1912 tarihinde İttihat ve Terakki Fırkası'nın Ankara mebusu olmuştur. Fakat meclisin Ağustos 1912'de feshedilmesinden dolayı mebusluğu sona ermiştir. Mebusluk görevini kısa bir süre yürütmek durumunda kalan Halil Halid Bey Eylül 1913'te Bombay Başkonsolosluğuna atanmıştır. Mayıs 1914'te başkonsolosluk görevinden istifa ederek tekrar İstanbul'a dönmüştür. Halil Halid Bey İstanbul'a döndükten sonra Ekim 1914'te Osmanlı Devleti Birinci Dünya Harbine katılmıştır. Savaş atmosferi istediği gibi çalışmasını engellediği için Almanya'ya gitmiş ve savaş sona erene kadar burada bulunmuştur. Birinci Dünya Harbinin sona ermesinden sonra İstanbul'a dönen Halil Halid Bey 1922'de İstanbul Darülfünununa hoca olarak atanmış ve zatürree hastalığından dolayı vefat ettiği 1931 tarihine kadar hocalık görevini sürdürmüştür. Vefat ettiğinde 63 yaşında olan Halil Halid Bey, İngiltere, Mısır, Sudan, Cezayir, Hindistan ve Almanya gibi pek çok ülkede bulunmuş ve bulunduğu ülkelerde çeşitli görevler üstlenmiştir. Yürüttüğü görevleri sırasında ilme olan tutkusu ilim âlemine çok sayıda mühim eser kazandırmasını sağlamıştır. Mühim eserlerinden bir tanesi de bu çalışmanın konusu olan Rodos Fethinde Sultan Süleyman’ın Tedabir-i Siyasiyesi adlı risalesidir. Çok sayıda Avrupalı tarihçinin eserine müracaat ederek yazdığı risalede Rodos’un fethi üzerinden uluslararası ilişkilere, İnsan haklarına, Doğu ve Batı medeniyetine ve savaş hukuku gibi konulara değinmiştir.
Effect of Spiritual Group Therapy on Depression, Anxiety and Stress of the Mothers of Children With Cancer
Authors:   Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ghorbani Azam , Ghezelbash Sima ,   Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Alizadeh Mirashrafi Homa ,   Instructor, Ardebil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardebil, Iran., Khosravi Maryam ,   Clinical Cares and Health Promotion Research Center, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Objective: Caring for children with cancer has many tensions that can lead to deep emotional and emotional problems such as stress, anxiety and depression in their caregivers. This study aims to examine the effect of spiritual group therapy on depression, anxiety and stress of the mothers of children with cancer. Methods: The is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design conducted on 24 mothers as caregivers of children with cancer selected from among those in the children’s cancer association in Ardebil, Iran. They were divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group participated in 8 sessions of spiritual group therapy. Depression, anxiety and stress were evaluated before and after intervention using the 42-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon test in SPSS v. 25 software. Results: Mean±SD age of mothers in the intervention and control groups was 39.08±8.56 and 38.09±9.76 years, respectively. The results showed that the spiritual group therapy could significantly decrease depression (P=0.001), stress (P=0.001) and anxiety (P=0.001) in mothers. Conclusion: Spiritual group therapy can reduce stress, anxiety and depression of mothers as caregivers of children with cancer. The development of such programs is recommended for alleviating the psychological problems in caregivers of children with cancer and, thus, maintaining or improving the quality of care provided by them to the children.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise Combined With Thyme Extract Supplementation on the PGC-1α Gene Expression in Adult Male Rats
Authors:   Department of Physical Education, Nasibeh Campus, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran., Adelifar َArezoo , Ravasi Aliasghar ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran., Soori Rahman ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran., Chobineh Sirous ,   Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Objective: Due to the uncertainty of the impact of thyme plant on endurance sport performance, despite its high antioxidant property, this study aims to assess the effect of aerobic exercise combined with thyme extract supplementation on the PGC-1α gene expression in male rats. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 40 adult male Wistar rats randomly classified into five groups of 8 including control, sham, aerobic exercise, thyme extract (400 mg per kg per day), and aerobic exercise + thyme extract. The rats began their exercise on a treadmill for 10 minutes a day with a speed of 10 m/min and a slope of 10%. Speed and duration of exercise gradually increased over the next two weeks until they reached 27 m/min and one hour per day, respectively. The real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method was used to investigate the PGC-1α gene expression extracted from the soleus muscle of rats. Results: There was a significant difference in PGC-1α gene expression after intervention between the combined group and control and sham groups (Mean=1.01±0.0306; F=4.238, P=0.05). However, the PGC-1α gene expression rate in aerobic exercise group and supplementation group was no significantly different compared to control and sham groups (Mean=1.01±0.0306; F=0.00001, P=0.005). Conclusion: It seems that thyme extract supplementation along with aerobic exercise increases the PGC-1α gene expression.
Epidemiological and Demographic Status of Violence and Strife in the Emergency Department of Sabzevar Emdad Hospital
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Foroughian Mahdi , Soroosh Davood ,   Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: Violence and strife are among the most important causes of health threats and account for more than half a million deaths per year, especially at young ages. Considering the young population of Iran and the occurrence of identity crisis in the young age group and the fact that this phenomenon is costly for our country’s health care system, this study was conducted to investigate the factors related to violence and strife and the related mortality in patients admitted to the Sabzevar Emdad Emergency department. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 207 patients who were admitted to Sabzevar Emdad Hospital in 2017 following strife were included. The inclusion criterion was hospitalized patients who were referred to the Emergency department following the strife and the exclusion criterion was incomplete registration of patients’ information. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18. Results: The Mean±SD age of patients was 34.81±14.75 years. Most patients were from urban living places, while the mortality rate, gender, and the cause of trauma were not statistically associated with patients’ place of residence. The most common type of lesions following strife was bruising, tearing, and scratching accounting for nearly 70% of cases. The most common site of injury was bruising and scratching in the head and neck, followed by tears and fractures in the limbs. In general, the most common site of injury was the upper extremity followed by the head and neck. The majority of patients (52%) underwent medical treatment, including receiving medication, dressing, and splinting, while 37% of patients were referred to the operation room for surgery. A significant relationship was observed between mortality rate and the site of injury (P=0.001). Conclusion: The results showed that in Sabzevar city, the prevalence of strife ‎ is higher among men. Also, the most common effects following these types of trauma are bruising, scratching, and tearing. It seems that by providing appropriate solutions and creating a culture and increasing people’s awareness of injuries caused by strife, it would be possible to pave the way for reducing such injuries in the future.
Estimating Stature and Gender by the Length of the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Fingers of Dominant Hand in Iranian Adults
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Saadat Mostafavi Seyed Reza , Memarian Azadeh ,   Department of Forensic & Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Soltani Siamak ,   Department of Forensic & Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Leyla Abdolkarimi ,   Shahid Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran., Taftachi Farrokh ,   Shahid Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: Stature and gender are essential parameters of forensic anthropology. Moreover, their estimation is critical for medico-legal investigations to identify unknown remains. The present study aimed to estimate stature and gender by the anthropometric dimensions of the Iranian population’s third, fourth, and fifth fingers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 199 individuals (99 men & 100 women) were included. Individuals’ demographic information was recorded. A caliper measured the length of the fingers. An anthropometer was used for the measurement of stature. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS. A multivariate linear regression test was used to predict the stature of individuals based on finger length. Results: In males and females, a solid and positive direct relationship was observed between the length of the third, fourth, and fifth fingers of the hand with the stature of individuals and between the length of the fingers with each other. In the coefficient table of the regression model of this study, in males, the length of the fingers was not predictive of stature, and only the length of the third finger in females had a predictive effect on stature (P=0.007). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, stature is predictable in women through the third finger length using the derived regression equation.
The Influence of Positive Parenting Training on Improving Behavioral Function and Impulsivity in Children Suffering From Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors:   Department of General Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran., Jalilvand Maryam , Bagheri Fariborz ,   epartment of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Nikmanesh Zahra ,   Department of Psychology and Educational Sciencences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
Published: March 2022

Background: Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have deficiencies in their executive functions and also impulsivity that can result in various social harms and criminal behaviors. Methods: The research had a two-group semi-experimental design (case/control) with a pre-/post-test. The statistical population consisted of all students’ mothers aged between 7 and 12 years old suffering from ADHD. The studied samples included 30 parents matched based on age and randomly divided into the case and control groups with 15 people in each group and were examined from 2nd February to March 2020. Positive parenting training was performed for the case group in eight sessions of 90 minutes by observing all protocols. Both groups experienced pre- and post-test. We applied the BRIEF (parent form) and Canners (parent form) questionnaires to collect data. Data were analyzed by MANCOVA using SPSS v. 26 software at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The studied samples were in the age range of 22-40 years (Mean±SD: case group: 32.93±6.04 years and control group: 34.13±5.47 years), 56% with education lower than diploma (0.60% and 46.7% for the case and control groups, respectively), and 44% had an official business (0.40% and 46.7%, respectively). Results showed significant differences in the variables of executive functions (inhibition, attention transfer, emotional control, initiation, working memory, planning, material organization, and control) and reducing impulsivity (cognitive problems-neglect, hyperactivity, opposition, and ADHD index) in the control and case groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: Positive parenting training significantly affects improving executive functions and impulsivity in children aged between 7 and 12 years old suffering from ADHD. Accordingly, it is achievable to help modify their social behaviors and also decrease the amount of conflict and legal problems among these children by providing a codified positive parenting training program in their educational programs.
Avaliação de perdas pós-colheita da batata e do repolho em um comércio varejista de Três de Maio, RS
Authors: Silva Jean Augusto Bueno da , Mai Cátia Kelly Benedix , Meller Julio , Casali Renata Monteiro Collares
Published: March 2022

As frutas e hortaliças se diferem dos demais produtos da agricultura devido a sua alta perecibilidade. Um dos maiores problemas da cadeia produtiva, está nos níveis de perdas pós-colheita, juntamente com o manejo inadequado. Neste contexto tem-se como problema de pesquisa: quais são as principais causas de perdas de hortaliças dentro de um comércio de frutas e hortaliças localizado em Três de Maio, Rio Grande do Sul? O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar e mostrar uma visão geral de forma simples e direta do cenário de pós-colheita de frutas e hortaliças comercializadas para o mercado fresco, indicando as principais causas para as perdas pós-colheita e possíveis alternativas para minimizar esta situação. Portanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Para a coleta de dados, foi necessário entrevistar o proprietário do estabelecimento, aplicando um questionário composto de 16 perguntas objetivas, abrangendo aspectos de produção, de escoamento, de comercialização e de armazenamento de hortaliças. Segundo relatos, os produtos são adquiridos semanalmente e, em decorrência da sua venda, oriundos de uma central de abastecimento mais próxima. Após o recebimento dos produtos, eles são dispostos nas bancadas de exposição para os consumidores. Segundo os resultados obtidos, o estabelecimento apresenta baixos índices de perdas de batata e de repolho, obtendo perdas apenas quando os produtos permanecem muito tempo na prateleira ou devido a ocorrência de danos mecânicos. Dentre as estratégias para combater as perdas do comércio varejista, verificou-se ser necessário evitar ao máximo condições que sejam favoráveis à contaminação microbiológica dos produtos. Por isso, a importância da adoção de medidas preventivas desde a colheita dos produtos, limpeza, sanitização e transporte até o consumidor final, prezando sempre pela melhor qualidade organoléptica.
Coping with the crisis: A mindfulness manipulation positively affects the emotional regulation of action crises
Authors: Marion-Jetten Ariane S. , Schattke Kaspar , Taylor Geneviève
Published: March 2022

Action crises are the intrapsychic conflicts people face when hesitating between continuing and giving up on a goal after the accumulation of setbacks. They are detrimental to goal achievement and psychological health. While many predictors of action crises have been identified, including dispositional mindfulness, almost none have been investigated in terms of their helpfulness during an action crisis. This experimental laboratory study tested whether a 15-minute mindfulness meditation influenced the emotional regulation of imagined action crises. Participants (N = 121, 105 students, 44 men, M = 28.26 years) were randomly assigned to meditate with a body scan meditation recording or to read magazines after identifying their most important current personal goal. Those in the body scan condition reported more adaptive emotion regulation strategies after reading an action crisis scenario personalized with their goal than those in the control, magazine-reading, condition. This effect was found even when controlling for baseline action crisis and baseline autonomous and controlled motivation. No difference between the groups was found in terms of maladaptive emotion regulation. Results suggest that mindfulness training is a promising tool to help people cope with goal-related difficulties such as action crises.
Measurement of thermophysical properties of solid materials by hot wire method combined with enantiomorphous heat-source theory
Authors: Chen Qinghua , Gao Wei , Su Guoyong , Guan Weijuan , Xu Shang , Valex Melangi Momo , Ma Yangbin
Published: March 2022

At present, the thermophysical properties testing methods of solid materials are mostly based on infinite physical model. In order to ensure that the heat flux transmits within the sample and is not affected by the heat loss at the sample boundary, its boundary is usually set as an adiabatic boundary. Nevertheless, it will lead to the accumulation of heat. In order to achieve the hot wire method conveniently, solid material for which a thinner thickness can be measured and the effective test time of the experiment is flexible. By so doing, we improved the traditional parallel hot wire method. The temperature measuring points were arranged along the thickness direction of the sample instead of parallel to the hot wire, and the enantiomorphous heat-source theory was introduced to modify the effect of heat accumulation on the temperature rise of the sample. The thermophysical property of diatomite refractory brick, asbestos board and marble were measured. The results show that the revised calculated values are in good agreement with the existing test values, with a maximum error of 5%, effectively expanding the application range of the hot wire method.
Numerical study on thermoelectric-hydraulic performance of thermoelectric recuperator with wavy thermoelectric fins
Authors: Li Na , Yu Xingfei , Xu Jinhai , Wang Qiuwang , Ma Ting
Published: March 2022

A thermoelectric-hydraulic numerical model is built for thermoelectric recuperators with wavy and straight fins under large longitudinal temperature difference, and their performance is analyzed. It is found that the comprehensive performance of the wavy-fin thermoelectric recuperator is better than that of straight-fin thermoelectric recuperator. The maximum output powers of the two thermoelectric recuperators are 0.251 mW and 0.236 mW at inlet velocity of 1.7 m � s-1. When the ratio of wave height to wave length is 0.1, the maximum output power is 0.251 mW and output power per unit volume is 414.8 W � m-3. Taguchi method is used to optimize the wavy-fin thermoelectric recuperator. It is found that reducing channel width and plate thickness is beneficial to increase the output power and output power per unit volume for the wavy-fin thermoelectric recuperator. Increasing fin height and fin thickness is beneficial to the output power, but disadvantage to the output power per unit volume.
Alignment of circular economy business models for framing national sustainable economic development
Authors: Atstaja Dzintra , Cudecka-Purina Natalija , Hrinchenko Raisa , Koval Viktor , Grasis Janis , Vesere Rudite
Published: March 2022

Circular economy offers opportunities to boost jobs and tackle climate change. The article reflects aspects of the impact on the environment through sectoral policies to support the circular economy because current business as usual model, based on the linear economy principle leads to a staggering inefficiency in nature resources are managed, with increased pollution, loss of ecosystems and substantial losses of value with each product disposed. This requires a change not only in consumer behaviour but even more on the resource extraction and material production side. The purpose of the research paper is to develop a decision-making matrix providing a step-by-step approach for the policymakers.
Government early policy responses on COVID-19 challenges in central and eastern europe: SME support
Authors: Kornyliuk Anna , Ivashchenko Alla , Polishchuk Yevheniia , Tereshchenko Oleg , Onikiienko Serhii
Published: March 2022

he main aim of the given research is to analyse Government policy early response due to the Covid-19 crisis in Central and Eastern Europe regarding SME support. The research methodology is based on an analysis of the pandemic impact on key indicators of countries development as well as an analysis of SME support policies responses by selected countries (Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and Ukraine). The dynamic trends of Covid-19 spread and its impact on macroeconomic indicators were analysed. The negative growth of GDP, as well as current account balance and increasing gross debt burden, were explored in all analysed countries and the policy responses were the required measures to avoid possible economic collapse. Implemented measures were mainly directed to achieve economic recovery and capturing stability, but the main focus of the research is to analyse the support policies according to the criterion of enterprise size, SME in particular. The study is based on country-level data as well as on individual State Aid cases of each analysed CEE country. It allowed to evaluate policy response mechanisms in terms of measures regarding enterprise size. Although SMEs suffered the most during the crisis, CEE countries spent most of their resources on supporting companies, regardless of their size.
Antik Kilikya Kenti Prakana nın Konumu Hakkında Düşünceler
Authors: YALÇIN Ayhan
Published: March 2022

Dağlık Kilikya’da arkeolojinin yaşadığı temel sorunlardan birisi de adları bilinen bazı antik yerleşimlerin tam olarak lokalizasyonunun yapılamamış olmasıdır. Bu bağlamda antik kaynaklarda Prakana adlı yerleşimin Klaudiopolis (Mut) kenti ile Seleukeia pros to Kalykadno (Silifke) kentleri arasında bir yerde olduğu belirtilir. Ancak bu genel bilgi dışında yerleşimin tam konumu bilinmez.
Bu yazıda, özellikle Ramsay’ın 1890’da yazdıklarını esas alarak genel bir kabulle Prakana’nın Diokaisareia (bugünkü Uzuncaburç) kentine yerleştirilmesi ve bu adın Diokaisareia’nın eski adı olduğu bilgisi sorgulanmaktadır. Ramsay’ın yazdığı yıllarda Diokaisareia’nın gerçek konumu henüz bilinmemektedir. Bu nedenle Ramsay, antik kaynaklardaki anlatımları ölçüt almaktadır. Ayrıca, 787 yılındaki İkinci İznik Konsili’ne katılan rahip Manzon ile ilgili bilgiye güvenmektedir. Bu bilgiye göre Manzon, Prakana ve Diokaisareia’nın temsilcisidir. Ramsay, bu bilgiye dayanarak Diokaisareia ile Prakana’yı aynı yerleşim olarak kabul etmektedir. Ramsay’ın Diokaisareia’nın konumu ile ilgili önerileri konusunda Heberdey ve Wilhelm 1896 yılında, Laranda’dan Seleukeia’ya giden yol üzerinde bulunması gereken Diokaisareia’nın buraya (Ramsay’ın haritasındaki yere) yerleştirilip yerleştirilmeyeceğinin, şu an için kesin olarak ne ileri sürülebileceğini ne de çürütülebileceğini söylemektedir. Daha sonra, 1914 yılında Bauer tarafından şehir kapısı üzerindeki yazıtın okunması ile Uzuncaburç’un Diokaisareia olduğu anlaşılır. Bu durumda, yaptığımız kaynak araştırmalarına ve tarihsel bilgilere göre Prakana’nın Diokaisareia’da olması mümkün değildir. Coğrafi konumunun ipucunu veren tarihsel kaynaklardaki bilgilere göre Prakana’nın, Mut – Gülnar yolu üzerinde yer alan bugünkü Zeyne civarında konumlanması gerekir. Dolayısıyla Prakana adı Diokaisareia’nın eski adı değildir.
Work Motivation Mediates: Relationship of Competence and Training on Auditor Performance
Authors: Efendi Suryono
Published: March 2022

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of competence, training and motivation on auditor performance. The effect of competence and training on work motivation. The effect of competence and training on auditor performance through mediation of work motivation. This research design uses an explanatory research approach with data collection carried out in one stage (one short study). The population in this study are auditors who work at a Public Accounting Firm (KAP) located in the South Jakarta area. The sampling technique was purposive sampling so that the total sample was 50 auditors. The data analysis technique in this study used Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study found that the competence possessed by the auditor can improve the performance of the auditor in carrying out his duties; audit training that is attended by the auditor is able to improve the performance of the auditor to complete the work in accordance with the standards set in a timely manner and can take advantage of the time. If the work motivation is getting better, it will have a direct effect on improving the performance of the auditor. Many or few competencies possessed by auditors do not affect their work motivation to complete audit tasks. High competence can make a significant contribution to increasing work motivation and auditor performance. If the training is getting better, it will have a direct effect on increasing motivation. The higher the training, the higher the employee's performance through increased motivation. This research can provide additional references to organizations/agencies, related to competence, training, and work motivation that affect the performance of auditors. It is expected that the auditor's performance can be in accordance with organizational goals. Organizations should maximize the increase and improve the quantity of their auditors' work. This study also provides a description of the effect of professionalism, independence, and auditor training on auditor performance which can be used as a reference for further research.
Primary Hemiarthroplasty for Per and Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures in Elderly Patients: Our Experience in BIRDEM General Hospital
Authors: Hakim Jonaed , Jahan Afrina , Choudhury MKI Quayyum , Zawad M , Mollah Rayhan Ali
Published: March 2022

Background & objective: Intertrochanteric fractures are becoming increasingly common as our population ages. These fractures typically occur in frail patients with multiple comorbidities The morbidity associated with the fracture can be minimized by choosing appropriate fixation device for the fracture pattern, recognizing the stability of fixation, and performing accurate reduction with ideal implant placement. So, these fractures should be treated expeditiously so that there are minimum fixation failures. In BIRDEM hospital a large number of elderly patients having intertrochanteric femur fractures with multiple comorbidities, are treated by primary hemiarthroplasty. The purpose of this study is to see the clinical outcome of these hemiarthroplasty patients.

Methods: This retrospective study was carried out over four years from 2015 to 2019 on 60 patients (42 females and 18 males). All patients had diabetes in common along with other co-morbidities like ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and stroke. The outcome was evaluated by applying Harris Hip Score after intervention.

Result: The mean age of the patients was 65.5 years (range: 60-85 years) with male to female ration being 3:7. The mean Harris Hip score at the four-year follow-up was 83.1 ± 10.9. A total of 12(20%) patients were graded as excellent, 30(50%) patients as good, 15(25%) as fair and 3(5%) as poor. It was observed that, patients with AO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen) type 31A1 intertrochanteric fractures had better outcome than AO type 31A2 and 31A3 in our study.

Conclusion: Primary hemiarthroplasty can provide a stable, pain-free, mobile joint with acceptable complication rates. These fractures must be treated considering patient’s age, bone quality and type of the fracture.

Ibrahim Card Med J 2021; 11 (1): 35-40
Vitamin D Status in Patients of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Comparison to That of Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Naznin Farhana , Jesmin Shahela , Akter Nurjahan , Sharmin Susmita , Khatun Mst Rokeya
Published: March 2022

Background & objective: Although the role of vitamin-D in calcium metabolism and bone health is undisputed, other long-term health consequences of low vitamin-D are still debated. Observational studies have recently indicated that vitamin-D deficiency may be a modifiable risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), although several experimental studies have failed to establish such an association. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that vitamin-D insufficiency or deficiency is associated with GDM.

Methods: The present case-control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rajshahi Medical College (RMC), Rajshahi, Bangladesh, over a period of 1 year between July 2019 to June 2020. Patients with confirmed GDM (case) and normal pregnant women (control) attending in the above-mentioned place during the study period were the study population. A total of 18 cases and 54 controls were consecutively included in the study based on predefined eligibility criteria. The exposure and outcome variables were serum vitamin-D insufficiency/deficiency and GDM respectively. Vitamin D insufficiency was considered when serum level 25(OH)D ranges from ≥ 15 to < 30 ng/ml and deficiency was termed if 25(OH)D level lies below 15 ng/ml. Crosstab analysis with Odds Ratio (OR) was done to find the association between vitamin-D and GDM and the risk of developing the outcome (GDM) due to vitamin-D insufficiency or deficiency.

Result: In the present study age, residence, socioeconomic status and season at data collection were almost identically distributed between case and control groups. However, the study demonstrated occupation, pre-pregnancy obesity, family history of type-II diabetes, polyhydramnios, level of hemoglobin and serum vitamin-D insufficiency/deficiency to be associated with GDM. Majority (83.3%) of the GDM patients had insufficient or deficient serum vitamin D level (< 30 ng/mL) as compared to 57.4% of the control group. The risk of having GDM in pregnant women with insufficient or deficient serum vitamin-D was estimated to be almost 4-fold (95% CI = 1.1 – 14.3) higher (p = 0.047) than that in the pregnant women with normal serum vitamin-D level.

Conclusion: The study concluded that pregnant women with GDM are associated with insufficient or deficient serum vitamin-D with risk of having GDM in pregnant women with insufficient or deficient serum vitamin-D is much greater than the pregnant women with normal serum vitamin-D level.

Ibrahim Card Med J 2021; 11 (1): 41-47
Comparative Study on Serum Hepatic Enzymes between Normal Healthy Adults and Obese People of Rajshahi City
Authors: Rashed Md Rakib , Jhumu Sumayra , Zaman Tania Sultana , Khatun Mst Fatema
Published: March 2022

Background & objective: Obesity is rapidly emerging as one of the major causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the early sign of which is elevated liver enzymes. But very few studies have yet been done in our country to find the association between overweight and obesity and levels of serum hepatic enzymes. The present study was undertaken to determine the association between overweight/obesity determined by body mass index (BMI) and serum hepatic enzymes.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi over a period of one year between July 2018 to June 2019 in collaboration with the Department of Biochemistry of the same Medical College. Based on certain predefined enrolment criteria, 33 overweight or obese (BMI ≥23 kg/m2) individuals (case) and 33 sex-matched apparently healthy adults (BMI <23 kg/m2) (control) were included from the Rajshahi City. All the study subjects were then tested for serum hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP and GGT). The investigation findings obtained were compared between case and control groups.

Result: The mean ages of the cases and controls were almost similar (31.1 and 29.4 years respectively, p = 0.576).All the serum hepatic enzymes but GGT were found to be significantly raised in the case group than those in the control group. The BMI was found to bear significantly linear relationship with serum ALT, AST and ALP (r = 0.709, p < 0.001, r = 0.718, p < 0.001 and r = 0.545, p < 0.001 respectively) indicating that more than 70% of the variations in ALT and AST and 55% of the variations in ALP might be due to variation in BMI. When waist circumference was correlated with hepatic enzymes, it was found to correlate better than the BMI did with 70.3% of the variations in ALT, 77.2% of variations in AST and 57.4% variation in ALP being explained by waist circumference. However, WHR did not correlate well with hepatic enzymes. AST alone bears a weekly significant correlation with WHR, with only 28% of the variations in AST could be explained by WHR.

Conclusion: The study concluded that all the serum hepatic enzymes but GGT are significantly raised in the overweight and obese individuals than those in individuals with normal BMI. The BMI bears significantly linear relationships with serum ALT, AST and ALP. A substantial proportion of the variations in ALT and AST could be explained by BMI. Waist circumference correlates even better than the BMI does. However, WHR is not a good predictor of serum hepatic enzymes.

Ibrahim Card Med J 2021; 11 (1): 62-70
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PjBL) TERINTEGRASI STEAM UNTUK MEMFASILITASI KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS SISWA KELAS VI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Izzania Rizqa Dwi Shofiya Maghfira
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar berbasis PjBL terintegrasi STEAM untuk memfasilitasi kemampuan literasi sains siswa khususnya pada aspek sains sebagai batang tubuh ilmu pengetahuan, sains sebagai jalan penyelidikan, sains sebagai cara berpikir, dan interaksi sains, teknologi, masyarakat, dan lingkungan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research & Development) model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Karena penelitian dilakukan pada masa pandemi covid-19, tahap penelitian dan pengembangan dilakukan dengan 3 tahapan tanpa melaksanakan tahap Implementation dan Evaluation. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui angket, pedoman wawancara, dan lembar validasi. Aspek yang divalidasi meliputi kelayakan materi, bahasa, dan kegrafikan. Validator (raters) yang dilibatkan untuk memvalidasi berjumlah 8 orang yang terdiri dari pakar dan praktisi. Data aspek kepraktisan bahan ajar diperoleh dari respon 28 siswa kelas VI dan 1 orang guru. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pengembangan disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar berbasis PjBL terintegrasi STEAM sangat layak dan praktis digunakan untuk pembelajaran muatan IPA pada tema 8 “Bumiku” subtema 3 siswa kelas VI sekolah dasar.
ESTUDO DA FRAGILIDADE DO REVENIDO NO AÇO ASTM A148 Gr. 105-85
Authors: Gamboni Otávio Contart , Frazão José Carlos , Zanqueta Gabriel Roberto , Angeloni Maurício , Dias Gustavo Coser Monteiro
Published: March 2022

O tratamento térmico é uma maneira utilizada nas indústrias para modificações positivas dos componentes e equipamentos sem alterar a composição química do material, operação que pode levar a um aumento dos custos totais da produção de um componente. Com base nisso, é estipulado por meio de estudos, estimativas ciclos térmicos e ciclos de resfriamento para a obtenção de microestruturas e propriedades adequadas às suas aplicações, melhorando assim a resistência mecânica e a vida útil do componente. Neste trabalho, por meio de tratamentos térmicos, foram avaliadas condições de temperatura e resfriamento no aço ASTM A148 Gr. 105-85 (aço baixa-liga), visando detectar fragilidades na etapa de revenimento - que podem ocorrer devido a fenômenos que acontecem nas microestruturas dos aços, como a “Fragilidade do Revenido” ou a “Austenita Retida” utilizando de ensaios de tração e impacto, juntamente com análises metalográficas, após a execução de diversas condições de tratamentos térmicos. Foram verificados resultados coerentes com os esperados, onde os resfriamentos mais rápidos apresentaram resultados melhores do que os lentos, constatando que a faixa de fragilidade do revenido realmente causa diminuição da tenacidade no material estudado.
How Cognitive and Psychosocial Difficulties Affect Learning Outcomes: A Study of Primary School Children in Syria
Authors: Anyaegbu Grace Nwanne , Carney Caroline , Howell Holly-Jane , Zaza Alaa , Alaeddin Abdulkader
Published: March 2022

Meeting the education needs of children is increasingly recognized as a necessary part of humanitarian response in emergencies. Experiences of war, dislocation, and trauma are known to affect children's psychosocial wellbeing. Less is known about how mental health and psychosocial wellbeing affect children's learning in emergencies. In this article, we examine this effect among children experiencing the crisis in Syria. The data we use are from children (N=7,191) who received educational support in northwest Syria from November 2018 to May 2019. We used the literacy levels reported by teachers to measure student learning, and the Washington Group Questions to measure cognitive or psychosocial difficulties. The average length of time between moving up a literacy level was 64 days. We fit mixed ordinal models to assess the associations between having one, every, or multiple cognitive and psychosocial difficulties. Having a single cognitive or psychosocial difficulty was associated with poorer learning progress. Children with two or more cognitive or psychosocial difficulties were less likely to progress as far as those without any such difficulties. The findings suggest that psychosocial and cognitive support for children in emergencies is needed, not just for their wellbeing but to enable them to learn effectively.
International Mediation and The Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Ifediora Obinna
Published: March 2022

Studies on international mediation for the prevention of genocide or atrocities in the context of implementing the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) principle have argued that effectiveness hangs on coercive strategies, particularly sanctions measures. Following the coercion premise, this paper posits that judicial and military mechanisms are equally essential elements of effective coercion campaigns. Drawing on the UN doctrines of R2P and the rule of law in conflict, as well as the concepts of power, directive, and multiparty mediation in international relations, I analyse the successful cases of Kenya and Guinea. The evidence supports the proposition: success depends on complementing sanctions with judicial and military mechanisms. Significantly, these coercive instruments must be concurrently deployed to successfully influence the conflict parties’ or perpetrators’ behaviour and decision-making.
Sympathetic Neurons Regulate Cardiomyocyte Maturation in Culture
Authors: Kowalski William J. , Garcia-Pak Iris H. , Li Wenling , Uosaki Hideki , Tampakakis Emmanouil , Zou Jizhong , Lin Yongshun , Patterson Kira , Kwon Chulan , Mukouyama Yoh-Suke
Published: March 2022

Embryos devoid of autonomic innervation suffer sudden cardiac death. However, whether autonomic neurons have a role in heart development is poorly understood. To investigate if sympathetic neurons impact cardiomyocyte maturation, we co-cultured phenotypically immature cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells with mouse sympathetic ganglion neurons. We found that 1) multiple cardiac structure and ion channel genes related to cardiomyocyte maturation were up-regulated when co-cultured with sympathetic neurons; 2) sarcomere organization and connexin-43 gap junctions increased; 3) calcium imaging showed greater transient amplitudes. However, sarcomere spacing, relaxation time, and level of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium did not show matured phenotypes. We further found that addition of endothelial and epicardial support cells did not enhance maturation to a greater extent beyond sympathetic neurons, while administration of isoproterenol alone was insufficient to induce changes in gene expression. These results demonstrate that sympathetic neurons have a significant and complex role in regulating cardiomyocyte development.
Fibroblast Activation Protein-Alpha is a Prognostic Biomarker Associated With Ferroptosis in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lyu Zejian , Li Yafang , Zhu Dandan , Wu Sifan , Hu Fei , Zhang Yu , Li Yong , Hou Tieying
Published: March 2022

Background: The potential role of fibroblast activation protein-alpha (FAP) in modulating the progression and invasion of stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) has not yet been comprehensively investigated. This study aimed to explore the role of FAP in STAD and the underlying association between FAP and the tumor microenvironment (TME) and ferroptosis.

Methods: Overall survival was analyzed to evaluate the prognostic value of FAP based on gene expression data and clinical information on STAD. Associations between FAP expression, clinical parameters, and immune characteristics were comprehensively analyzed. The ferroptosis-related patterns of STAD samples were investigated based on 43 ferroptosis-related genes, and the correlations between these clusters and clinical characteristics were evaluated. The possible biological functions and pathways were explored using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).

Results: FAP was identified as a novel biomarker that significantly contributed to the poor prognosis of STAD (hazard ratio = 1.270, P = 0.013). The elevated level of FAP expression was related to a more advanced tumor stage in STAD. The close relationship between FAP and the TME was validated. Four distinct ferroptosis-related clusters (A–D) were evident. Evaluating ferroptosis-related clusters could illustrate the stages of STAD and patient prognosis. Cluster C displayed the lowest FAP expression and a better prognosis than the other clusters. The different clusters were linked to different biological mechanisms, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune-relevant pathways.

Conclusion: FAP is a promising biomarker to distinguish prognosis and is associated with the TME and ferroptosis in STAD.
Synthesis of Hierarchical Porous SAPO-34 and Its Catalytic Activity for 4,6-Dimethyldibenzothiophene
Authors: Wang Hua-Qin , Cui Yun-Qi , Ding Ya-Long , Xiang Mei , Yu Pei , Li Rong-Qiang
Published: March 2022

Zeolite SAPO-34 has been widely used in the industry because of its special pore structure and wide distribution of acid sites in the pore channel. However, traditional SAPO-34 with a small pore size suffers from carbon deposition and deactivation in catalytic reactions, and its inability to catalytically convert bulky organic molecules limits its industrial application. Meanwhile, impurities of SAPO-5, which have weak acidity leading to rapid catalyst deactivation, appear in SAPO-34 zeolite. Therefore, it is of great significance to synthesize SAPO-34 zeolite with a mesoporous pore structure, which can significantly improve the transfer of molecules in zeolites. In this paper, SAPO-34 zeolite with a hierarchical pore structure was synthesized, and its hydrodesulfurization performance for 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) was studied in a fixed bed reactor. The characteristic results show that BET-specific surface area, micropore volume, and mesoporous volume of synthesized SAPO-34 are 754 m2 g−1, 0.25, and 0.23 cm3 g−1 respectively, and the pore size is mainly concentrated at 4 nm. The catalytic conversion of 4,6-DMDMT with Co- and Mo-supported SAPO-34 is about 83%, which is much higher than the catalytic performance of Al2O3.
Modification of Intestinal Microbiota Dysbiosis by Low-Dose Interleukin-2 in Dermatomyositis: A Post Hoc Analysis From a Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Zhufeng Yunzhi , Xu Jun , Miao Miao , Wang Yifan , Li Yimin , Huang Bo , Guo Yixue , Tian Jiayi , Sun Xiaolin , Li Jing , Lu Dan , Li Zhanguo , Li Yuhui , He Jing
Published: March 2022

The microbiota has been observed altered in autoimmune diseases, including idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), and associated with different treatments. Low-dose IL-2 treatment emerges as a new option for active IIMs. This study aims to explore the role of low-dose IL-2 in regulating intestinal dysbiosis involved in the IIMs. In this study, 13 patients with active IIMs were enrolled and received 1 ×106 IU of IL-2 subcutaneously every other day for 12 weeks plus standard care. The clinical response and immune response were assessed. Stool samples were obtained to explore the structural and functional alterations of the fecal microbiota targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and analyze their associations with clinical and immunological characteristics. Our study demonstrated that diversity of microbiota decreased remarkably in patients with IIMs, compared to healthy controls. The inflammatory-related bacteria, such as Prevotellaceae increased, while some butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Pseudobutyrivibrio, Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia, and Blautia, decreased significantly. The alteration associated with disease activities in patients with IIMs. After low-dose IL-2 treatment, 92.31% (12/13) of patients achieved IMACS DOI at week 12. Proportion of Treg cells significantly increased at week 12 compared with that in baseline (15.9% [7.73, 19.4%] vs. 9.89% [6.02, 11.8%], P = 0.015). Interestingly, certain butyrate-producing bacteria increase significantly after IL-2 treatment, like Lachnospiraceae, Pseudobutyrivibrio, etc., and are associated with a rise in L-Asparagine and L-Leucine. The effects of low-dose IL-2 on gut microbiota were more apparent in NOD mice. Together, the data presented demonstrated that low-dose IL-2 was effective in active IIMs and highlighted the potential for modifying the intestinal microbiomes of dysbiosis to treat IIMs.