bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Six reasons the United States will continue to lose international student market share
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: April 2018

I suspect that many readers of this article will either dismiss the premise that colleges and universities in the United States will continue to lose international student market share or dispute the facts I list. Some may hope that the decline in international student enrollment in the United States for the fall 2017 semester was just a blip, a one‐off. Still others will blame the decline solely on the outcome of the 2016 election.
Cultivate a culture of professional development with a real‐world framework
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: April 2018

PHOENIX — Encouraging professional growth for the staff in your office not only makes your office run more efficiently, but also leads to greater employee satisfaction and retention. But how do you efficiently encourage and foster professional growth while also getting everything done?
Apples Do Not Fall Far From Trees and Other Interesting Revelations as I Come to Age in Evaluation
Authors: Hopson Rodney
Published: April 2018

Rodney Hopson shares stories about the influence of his mother and other elders in shaping his life journey as an American man of African descent in the United States and beyond. He sees how his lived background, academic, and professional interests have helped him to ask probing and unanswered questions, especially building a culturally responsive evaluation approach that addresses social justice issues in programs and in our society. His case reflects on his life passions and pursuits in helping young people, including an early teaching experience in Namibia, southern Africa, where he found an ancestral home and his deep commitment to generating pipelines and pathways in the evaluation field. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20285/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
Reflections From the Field
Authors: Mark Melvin M.
Published: April 2018

Melvin M. Mark considers possible connections between his youthful informal evaluations and his professional interests in theory‐driven evaluation and contingent selection of evaluation methods. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20288/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
In Gratitude to Jim and Whit
Authors: Greene Jennifer C.
Published: April 2018

Jennifer C. Greene relates stories about how she learned compassion for others and the importance of public education through watching her parents and participating in student protests during the 1960s. Then she learned about inquiry and discovered she could infuse these enduring commitments into evaluation practices conducted on behalf of others, especially those on society's margins. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20291/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
What Values Guide Your Life?
Authors: Van Mondfrans Adrian P.
Published: April 2018

Adrian P. Van Mondfrans identifies critical values associated with a lifelong goal of being educated. He learned these values as a child from his mother's expectations. And he learned through personal experience to apply these values to his own life and to advise others to apply them in their evaluations. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20292/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
It's Been a Great Ride
Authors: Datta Lois‐ellin
Published: April 2018

Lois‐ellin Datta tracks her evolving views on and approach to evaluation from childhood experiences with family, through high school science and art interests, over graduate school, and into her experience directing the evaluation of Head Start in 1967. Her continuing fascination with science blends with a similar love for the arts, providing a balanced perspective that would benefit evaluators of all persuasions. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20295/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
My Entry to the Field
Authors: Cousins J. Bradley
Published: April 2018

J. Bradley Cousins traces some key advice from his mother and the example of his father through serendipitous encounters with mentors and work opportunities as instrumental in helping him develop a practical, utilization and problem‐solving orientation to the participatory evaluation approach he has used throughout his informal and professional evaluation life. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20297/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
A War + A Decision = A Future in Evaluation Ethics?
Authors: Morris Michael
Published: April 2018

Michael Morris reflects on the 1970 Vietnam War draft lottery and its relationship to his career focus on evaluation ethics.
Evaluation as Adventure: Taking That Risk
Authors: Simons Helen
Published: April 2018

Helen Simons traces the values that underpin her preferred methodology of case study and democratic evaluation to the central values she gained from the land of her birth. She looks back to consider what early experiences may have influenced her deep commitment to these values and how they impacted on her professional world as a teacher, a psychologist, and an evaluator. Her interview transcript which was a stimulus for this article is here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20302/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
Evaluator as Observant Outsider
Authors: Walker Rob
Published: April 2018

Rob Walker connects early experiences with authority to his view of himself as an observant outsider who uses associated perspectives and case study methods to enhance his evaluation practices and to invite others to reflect on ways to build on their positives. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20303/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
Deciding for One or Deciding for Many
Authors: Glass Gene V.
Published: April 2018

Gene V. Glass gives examples from his personal and professional life to develop his point that although he uses rationality to persuade others to accept his evaluations, he believes most of his personal evaluations are based on emotions and responses to psychological stress. He believes that others too, if they are honest, will acknowledge that the unconscious outweighs data analysis in their personal evaluations. An important implication of these findings is that we ought to be aware of our own perceptions, interpretations, emotions, and deepest motivations and of ways we are allowing them to impact our evaluations in our personal lives as well as in our profession. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20305/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
A Premature Sense of Empathy and Responsibility
Authors: Bustelo María
Published: April 2018

María Bustelo relates her family and cultural values to her approach to evaluating across different cultures. Being responsible and helping others take responsibility for their evaluations and through them has grown important to her. See the interview document here: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/ev.20307/suppinfo. Read only. This should not be used in any form without explicit permission from the author.
FERC's Facility Approval Policy Review
Authors: Smead Richard G.
Published: April 2018

In late December, then brand‐new Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Chairman Kevin J. McIntyre responded to concerns about the commission's facility‐approval process, indicating that the underlying policy—in place since 1999—would be revisited to determine whether it needs to be updated for changes that have evolved since then.
Mineralogy and stable isotope constraints on the genesis of submarine volcanic‐hosted Beizhan iron deposit in the Western Tianshan, NW China
Authors: Yang Xiuqing , Liang Ting , Guo Xincheng , Zheng Yong , Zhou Yi , Chen Zhenghui
Published: April 2018

The Carboniferous Beizhan iron deposit is the largest submarine volcanic‐hosted iron deposit in the Awulale Iron Metallogenic Belt of the Western Tianshan. The magnetite‐dominated orebodies occur as lensoid, veined, and stratiform shape in the Dahalajunshan Formation which was intruded by basic‐acid intrusions. Skarn and carbonatization alteration are well developed around the orebody. The genesis of iron mineralization in Beizhan remains controversial. The calculated δ18O values of magnetite using the fractionation factor correspond to (or higher than) the range of common magmatic waters, as well as the δ18O values of alteration minerals (4.0–7.6‰) and intrusions (3.1–8.3‰), indicating magnetite and alteration minerals precipitation from magmatic hydrothermal fluids. The δ34S values of sulphides (pyrite and pyrrhotite) range from 1.0‰ to 6.4‰, supporting a magmatic hydrothermal origin for sulphur. Meanwhile, the Pb isotope compositions of iron ores overlap that of altered rock and intrusions, and the 187Os/188Os ratio of iron ores range from 1.5835 to 2.8452, in accordance with that of intermediate‐acid intrusions (e.g., K‐feldspar granite porphyry and syenodiorite), suggestive of magmatic hydrothermal fluids involved in the mineralization process. Furthermore, the magnetite from the ores shows higher MgO and MnO contents and lower content of TiO2. Pyrite samples from the ores show >570 ppm Co and Co/Ni ratios between 2.53 and 4.23. These features strongly point to a magmatic hydrothermal origin. Combined with previous studies, we propose that the submarine volcanic‐hosted Beizhan iron deposit is analogous to a skarn origin, driven by late‐stage hydrothermal fluids which originated from intermediate‐acid intrusions in the immediate vicinity.
Predominant role of microglia in brain iron retention in Sanfilippo syndrome, a pediatric neurodegenerative disease
Authors: Puy Vincent , Darwiche Walaa , Trudel Stéphanie , Gomila Cathy , Lony Christelle , Puy Laurent , Lefebvre Thibaud , Vitry Sandrine , Boullier Agnès , Karim Zoubida , Ausseil Jérôme
Published: April 2018

Neuroinflammation and iron accumulation are hallmarks of a variety of adult neurodegenerative diseases. In Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type III, MPSIII, a pediatric neurodegenerative disease that shares some features with adult neurodegenerative diseases), the progressive accumulation of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides (HSOs) induces microglia and astrocytes to produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines leading to severe neuroinflammation. The objectives of the present study were (1) to measure the local iron concentration and to assess iron metabolism in the brain of a MPSIIIB murine model and (2) to identify the brain cells involved in this accumulation. We found that iron accumulation in MPSIIIB mice primarily affected the cerebral cortex where hepcidin levels were higher than in wild‐type mice, and increased with aging. This increase was correlated with low expression of ferroportin 1 (FPN1), and thus brain iron retention. Moreover, we showed in vitro that HSOs are directly responsible for the production of hepcidin and the relative decrease in FPN1 expression when added to cultures of microglia and, to a lesser extent, to cultures of astrocytes. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in neurons. Hepcidin induction results from activation of the TLR4 pathway and STAT3 signaling, and leads to iron retention within microglia. Our results show that microglia have a key role in cerebral hepcidin overexpression and thus in the brain iron accumulation observed in the MPSIIIB model.
Cx3cr1‐deficiency exacerbates alpha‐synuclein‐A53T induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Castro‐Sánchez Sara , García‐Yagüe Ángel J. , López‐Royo Tresa , Casarejos Maria , Lanciego José Luis , Lastres‐Becker Isabel
Published: April 2018

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra and the accumulation of protein aggregates, called Lewy bodies, where the most abundant is alpha‐synuclein (α‐SYN). Mutations of the gene that codes for α‐SYN (SNCA), such as the A53T mutation, and duplications of the gene generate cases of PD with autosomal dominant inheritance. As a result of the association of inflammation with the neurodegeneration of PD, we analyzed whether overexpression of wild‐type α‐SYN (α‐SYNWT) or mutated α‐SYN (α‐SYNA53T) are involved in the neuronal dopaminergic loss and inflammation process, along with the role of the chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) and its receptor (CX3CR1). We generated in vivo murine models overexpressing human α‐SYNWT or α‐SYNA53T in wild type (Cx3cr1+/+) or deficient (Cx3cr1–/–) mice for CX3CR1 using unilateral intracerebral injection of adeno‐associated viral vectors. No changes in CX3CL1 levels were observed by immunofluorescence or analysis by qRT‐PCR in this model. Interestingly, the expression α‐SYNWT induced dopaminergic neuronal death to a similar degree in both genotypes. However, the expression of α‐SYNA53T produced an exacerbated neurodegeneration, enhanced in the Cx3cr1–/– mice. This neurodegeneration was accompanied by an increase in neuroinflammation and microgliosis as well as the production of pro‐inflammatory markers, which were exacerbated in Cx3cr1–/– mice overexpressing α‐SYNA53T. Furthermore, we observed that in primary microglia CX3CR1 was a critical factor in the modulation of microglial dynamics in response to α‐SYNWT or α‐SYNA53T. Altogether, our study reveals that CX3CR1 plays an essential role in neuroinflammation induced by α‐SYNA53T.
Mass Shootings, Mental Illness, and Gun Control
Authors: Philpott‐Jones Sean
Published: April 2018

In the wake of the Stoneman Douglas School shooting, Republican and Democratic leaders—like the American electorate they represent—remain sharply divided in their responses to gun violence. They are united in their condemnation of these mass shootings, but they disagree about whether stricter or looser gun control laws are the answer. Those on the right side of the political aisle suggest that the issue is one of mental illness rather than gun control. Conversely, those who are more liberal or progressive in their political learnings are quick to condemn attempts to reframe the issue of mass shootings as a mental health problem. Both sides are wrong. Mass shootings are indeed partially a mental health problem, albeit one poorly addressed by our current laws and policies. But the solution to mass shootings also needs to consider strategies that may reduce gun violence in general.
Nudge or Grudge?Choice Architecture and Parental Decision‐Making
Authors: Blumenthal‐Barby Jennifer , Opel Douglas J.
Published: April 2018

Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein define a nudge as “any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people's behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives.” Much has been written about the ethics of nudging competent adult patients. Less has been written about the ethics of nudging surrogates’ decision‐making and how the ethical considerations and arguments in that context might differ. Even less has been written about nudging surrogate decision‐making in the context of pediatrics, despite fundamental differences that exist between the pediatric and adult contexts. Yet, as the field of behavioral economics matures and its insights become more established and well‐known, nudges will become more crafted, sophisticated, intentional, and targeted. Thus, the time is now for reflection and ethical analysis regarding the appropriateness of nudges in pediatrics.

We argue that there is an even stronger ethical justification for nudging in parental decision‐making than with competent adult patients deciding for themselves. We give three main reasons in support of this: (1) child patients do not have autonomy that can be violated (a concern with some nudges), and nudging need not violate parental decision‐making authority; (2) nudging can help fulfill pediatric clinicians’ obligations to ensure parental decisions are in the child's interests, particularly in contexts where there is high certainty that a recommended intervention is low risk and of high benefit; and (3) nudging can relieve parents’ decisional burden regarding what is best for their child, particularly with decisions that have implications for public health.
Making Reproductive Choices in the Face of Genetic Uncertainty
Authors: Klipstein Sigal
Published: April 2018

In the engaging and thought‐provoking book The Gene Machine: How Genetic Technologies Are Changing the Way We Have Kids and the Kids We Have, Bonnie Rochman addresses the question of choice in human reproduction through the lens of knowledge. Asserting that the desire for knowledge is the central theme of modern‐day reproduction, she asks, “Is genetic knowledge empowering or fear‐inducing or both?” Yet the question at the heart of the book goes beyond knowledge. Rochman delves into whether genetic information is actionable and then examines the corollary question of whether individuals should make decisions based on this data. Do parents want to choose the kinds of kids they have? Certainly, most parents would do what they could to prevent their child from having a painful, life‐limiting disease. But that is the extreme. And while genetic technologies generally start by targeting the extreme, the inevitable byproduct is the ability to know about and affect the fringe. It is at the borders that the critical questions lie. Taking advantage of reproductive choices has potentially life‐altering and permanent consequences not only for the chooser but also for the resulting child, the family unit, and society.
Fetal Medicine and the Pregnant Woman
Authors: Wasserman David
Published: April 2018

In coming decades, fetal medicine may become a routine part of reproductive care. The measures pregnant women now take to protect fetal health are largely generic, like restricting their diets and using supplements. Relatively few interventions are based on specific conditions revealed by ultrasound or genetic testing. A recent finding, though, may herald a dramatic rise in “personalized” fetal medicine: certain drugs already approved by the Food and Drug Administration can apparently boost neural growth in fetuses with Down syndrome, improving cognitive functioning in the future child. Many more condition‐specific findings are likely in the near future. But as commentators have frequently observed about prenatal testing, technologies that appear to increase reproductive options also complicate and constrain them.
Optimal placement of a small order in a diffusive limit order book
Authors: Figueroa‐López José E. , Lee Hyoeun , Pasupathy Raghu
Published: April 2018

We study the optimal placement problem of a stock trader who wishes to clear his/her inventory by a predetermined time horizon t, using a limit order or a market order. For a diffusive market, we characterize the optimal limit order placement policy and analyze its behavior under different market conditions. In particular, we show that, in the presence of a negative drift, there exists a critical time t0 > 0 such that, for any time horizon t > t0, there exists an optimal placement, which, contrary to earlier work, is different from one that is placed “infinitesimally” close to the best ask, such as the best bid and second best bid. We also propose a simple method to approximate the critical time t0 and the optimal order placement.
Self‐collected Pap smears may provide an acceptable and effective method of cervical cancer screening
Authors: Singla Amita A. , Komesaroff Paul
Published: April 2018

Background and aims

The role of the Papanicolou (Pap) smear in the early detection and prevention of cervical cancer is well established. However, many women fail to undertake the test because of embarrassment or other reasons. To address this problem, we evaluated the feasibility of implementing self‐sampling of cervical cytology as an alternative to clinician‐collected Pap smears and compared it with the gold standard of colposcopy in terms of specificity.

Materials and methods

A prospective preliminary study of 40 women recruited from the colposcopy clinic of a tertiary referral hospital was undertaken. Participants were instructed in the technique of self‐sampling and asked to collect their own Pap smears. Colposcopic examinations were performed and biopsies taken, if indicated. Clinician‐collected Pap smears were performed 4 weeks later. Pairwise agreement was calculated between the outcomes of self‐collected, colposcopic, and clinician‐collected samples using the weighted κ statistic.

Results

Self‐collected Pap smear had a high level of acceptability among the women, all of whom were able to collect adequate tissue. The agreement of self‐collected Pap smears with colposcopic assessment was no worse than that of clinician‐collected Pap smears (Cohen's κ statistic 0.54 [95% CI, 0.27‐0.82]; cf 0.49 [0.2‐0.78], respectively). The specificity of self‐collected Pap smears was almost identical to that of clinician‐collected samples (specificity: 86% vs 81%, respectively). Direct comparison between patient and clinician collected Pap smears showed fair agreement (κ statistic 0.38 [0.07‐0.68]). There were no adverse events in either group.

Conclusions

Self‐collection of Pap smears is an effective and acceptable alternative to clinician‐collected samples and may provide a strategy for improving compliance with cervical testing programs.
The Changing Face of Employment at Research Universities
Authors: DePaola Tom , Kezar Adrianna
Published: April 2018

This chapter describes the growth of contingent research faculty and postdoctoral appointments at research universities and research‐intensive institutions. Literature that addresses the employment and professional environment of these workers is critically explored and a discussion of the implications for academic leaders and institutional researchers is provided in the conclusion.
Evolution of multivariate copulas in continuous and discrete processes
Authors: Yoshizawa Yasukazu , Ishimura Naoyuki
Published: April 2018

There has been much interest in copulas, which are known to provide a flexible tool for analyzing the dependence structure among random variables. Dependence relations must be dynamic rather than static in nature. However, copulas are useful mainly for static matters. Thus we introduce evolving multivariate copulas, which transform through time autonomously governed by the multivariate heat equation. Our aims are to prove their existences and solutions to analyze their transitions. Moreover, we construct discrete type to apply empirical data analysis and investigate their properties, and prove that they converge to their original continuous type.
Decision analytics mobilized with digital coaching
Authors: Carlsson Christer
Published: April 2018

The context to be addressed is the digitalization of industry and industrial processes. Digitalization brings enhanced customer relationships and value‐chain integration, which are effective instruments to meet increasing competition and slimmer margins for productivity and profitability. Digitalization also brings more pronounced requirements for effective planning, problem solving and decision making in an increasingly complex and fast‐changing environment. Decision analytics will meet the challenges from the growing global competition that major industrial corporations face and will help solve the problems of big data/fast data that digitalization is generating as a by‐product. A mantra is appearing in business magazines – that powerful, intelligent systems will be effective tools for the digitalization of industrial processes – but much less attention appears to be paid to the fact that users need advanced knowledge and skills to benefit from the intelligent systems. First, an effective transfer of knowledge from developers, experts and researchers to users (including management) will be needed; second, the daily use and operations of the systems need to be supported, as automated, intelligent industrial systems are complex to operate. We look at this transfer as knowledge mobilization and will work out how the mobilization can be supported with coaching; this coaching needs to be digital, as human coaches are both scarce and too expensive to employ in large numbers.
Accurate log‐normal approximation to the signal‐to‐interference ratio in massive multiple‐input multiple‐output systems
Authors: Facina Michelle S. P. , Fraidenraich Gustavo
Published: April 2018

In this paper, a very tight approximation is derived for the signal‐to‐interference ratio of a multicell massive multiple‐input multiple‐output system with a finite number of base station (BS) antennas. The approximation is derived considering that each term in the SIR is log‐normal distributed. To this end, the first and second moments of the logarithm of each variable are used. In addition, an exact expression is derived for the cumulative distribution function for the net capacity. In order to corroborate our derivations, simulations using the Monte Carlo method were carried out, and it was observed that the proposed analytical results tightly match the numerical simulations. The asymptotic result is also obtained for the case in which the number of BS antennas tends to infinity (M → ∞), considering both uniform and nonuniform spatial user distributions.
Public Utilities and Public Health
Authors: Barnard H.E.
Published: April 2018

Barnard describes the overarching goal of the water industry as people before profit, and his reference to improved social justice by way of legal protection against injuries caused by drinking polluted water still plays out today. In the end, this article is a good reminder that the water industry is about more than “pushing water through pipes,” that we have always struggled against pollution and to protect public health, and that it is our past success in these efforts that breeds in consumers “a faith that is the greatest asset of the water department.”
Between Avoidance and Problem Solving: Resilience, Self‐Efficacy, and Social Support Seeking
Authors: Li Ming‐hui , Eschenauer Robert , Persaud Vanessa
Published: April 2018

The authors explored resilience, self‐efficacy, and social support seeking as (a) mediators between stress and problem solving and (b) moderators buffering the effect of stress on avoidance. Participants were 220 college students. Structural equation modeling showed that resilience and self‐efficacy positively influenced problem solving but could not buffer stress's effect on avoidance. Social support seeking played a more important role than resilience and self‐efficacy in reducing avoidance when individuals intentionally used social support seeking as a source for problem solving instead of avoidance.
The Influence of Individual‐Oriented Relationship Education on Equality and Conflict‐Related Behaviors
Authors: Carlson Ryan G. , Wheeler Naomi J. , Adams Justin J.
Published: April 2018

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread, pervasive problem that affects couples and individuals from diverse backgrounds. Effective IPV screening practices and interventions that consider IPV context have not been widely studied. Therefore, the authors examined the influence of individual‐oriented relationship education for 230 low‐income participants on equality and conflict‐related behaviors, while accounting for baseline IPV characteristics. Participants who began the intervention with more IPV experiences reported significant improvements in equality and conflict‐related behaviors postintervention.
A Systematic Review of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL)
Authors: Bressler Rachel , Erford Bradley T. , Dean Stephanie
Published: April 2018

In this systematic review, the authors analyzed 336 published articles and dissertations that used the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) to determine the reliability and validity of scores on 3 different versions: PCL–Specific, PCL–Military, and PCL–Civilian. Results confirmed Weathers, Litz, Herman, Huska, and Keane's () claim that the PCL has adequate psychometric properties and appears to support the construction of a new version, the PCL‐5, as a population‐nonspecific instrument.
Counseling to End an Epidemic: Revisiting the Ethics of HIV/AIDS
Authors: Joe J. Richelle
Published: April 2018

In the decades since HIV/AIDS was first identified, medical discoveries have advanced prevention and treatment, and shifting demographics have changed the face of the illness. Despite these changes, the counseling literature on HIV/AIDS and its ethical implications for counselors have remained limited and stagnant. Whereas past discussions have focused primarily on issues of confidentiality, this article addresses multiple ethical implications of HIV/AIDS to reflect current knowledge about the illness and its effects on clients.
Structurally characterized dinuclear zinc(II) bis(salamo)‐type tetraoxime complex possessing square pyramidal and trigonal bipyramidal geometries
Authors: Peng Yun‐Dong , Wang Fei , Gao Lei , Dong Wen‐Kui
Published: April 2018

A novel dinuclear Zn(II) complex with the chemical formula [Zn2(L)(OCH3)] has been synthesized by a bis(salamo)‐type tetraoxime ligand based on 3‐bromo‐5‐chlorosalicylicaldehyde, and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV–vis, and fluorescent spectra, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. All the Zn(II) atoms are pentacoordinated by N2O2 donor atoms from the (L)3− unit and one oxygen atom from one μ2‐methoxyl group. The Zn(II) (Zn1 and Zn4) atoms have distorted square pyramidal geometries (τ1 = 0.458, τ4 = 0.388), whereas the Zn2 and Zn3 atoms adopt trigonal bipyramidal (τ2 = 0.675, τ3 = 0.550) geometries. The Zn(II) complex is self‐assembled by intermolecular CH···O interactions to form an infinite three‐dimensional supramolecular structure. Interestingly, the intermolecular CH···π interactions in the Zn(II) complex is involved not in the formation of three‐dimensional structures but rather in the formation of the 0D dimer structure. Meanwhile, the optical properties of the Zn(II) complex were also measured and are discussed.
LET's CONNECT community mentorship program for youths with peer social problems: Preliminary findings from a randomized effectiveness trial
Authors: King Cheryl A. , Gipson Polly Y. , Arango Alejandra , Foster Cynthia Ewell , Clark Michael , Ghaziuddin Neera , Stone Deborah
Published: April 2018

This study examined the effectiveness of LET's CONNECT (LC), a community mentorship program for youths who report peer social problems, which is based on a positive youth development framework. Participants were 218 youths (66.5% girls), aged 12 to 15 years, who were recruited from an urban medical emergency department and screened positive for bullying victimization, bullying perpetration, and/or low social connectedness. Youths were randomized to LC (n = 106) or the control condition (n = 112). Six‐month outcomes were assessed with self‐report measures of youth social connectedness, community connectedness, thwarted belongingness, depression, self‐esteem, and suicidal ideation. LC was associated with a significant increase in only one of these outcomes, social connectedness (effect size = 0.4). It was associated consistently with trend‐level positive changes for thwarted belongingness (decreased), depression (decreased), community connectedness, and self‐esteem (effect sizes = 0.2). There was no effect on suicidal ideation (effect size = 0.0), and although not a primary outcome, eight youths in the LC condition and seven youths in the control condition engaged in suicidal behavior between baseline and follow‐up. Although LC effect sizes are consistent with those from previous studies of community mentorship, there were multiple challenges to LC implementation that affected dosage and intervention fidelity, and that may account for the lack of stronger positive effects.
Response acquisition by zebrafish (Danio rerio) with delayed reinforcement
Authors: Kuroda Toshikazu , Mizutani Yuto
Published: April 2018

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a common vertebrate animal model in biomedical research and is a promising species for studying how genes interact with environmental factors in determining behavior. The present study investigated how reinforcement parameters affect zebrafish behavior by assessing response acquisition with delayed reinforcement, which has been studied with other species (e.g., rats, pigeons, humans, etc.) but not with zebrafish. Twenty‐four experimentally naïve subjects were exposed to a tandem fixed‐ratio 1 differential‐reinforcement‐of‐other‐behavior x‐s schedule of reinforcement, where x varied across subjects. There were six different delay‐to‐reinforcement durations and sets of four fish were assigned to each delay duration. All of the fish assigned to a 0‐, 0.5‐, or 1‐s delay acquired responding. Two fish acquired responding with a 3‐s delay and one fish appeared to have acquired it with a 6‐s delay although the latter result was less clear. None acquired responding with a 12‐s delay. These results suggest that zebrafish behavior is sensitive to delays to reinforcement and the time frame over which reinforcement is effective may be limited approximately to 6 s. This time frame is shorter than that found with other species. Practical and theoretical implications of the present finding are discussed.
Multicystic mucinous adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix compared with benign multicystic lesions: Multiparametric MR features
Authors: Song Jiacheng , Hu Qiming , Huang Junwen , Ma Zhanlong , Chen Ting
Published: April 2018

Background

Multicystic mucinous adenocarcinoma is rarely recognized and has a high misdiagnosis rate.

Purpose

To distinguish malignant multicystic mucinous adenocarcinomas from benign multicystic lesions in the uterine cervix using multiparametric MR.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Forty patients with seven cystic mucinous adenocarcinomas and 33 benign multicystic lesions.

Field Strength/Sequence

3.0T. Diffusion‐weighted images (DWI) and dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) images.

Assessment

Lesion size, intracystic hemorrhage, solid component, and heterogeneous enhancement were subjectively assessed, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, Ktrans, Kep, and Ve parameters were compared.

Statistical Analysis

Student's t‐test was used to compare age, tumor size, ADC values, and DCE parameters. Pearson's chi‐square test was used to compare intracystic hemorrhage, solid component, and heterogeneous enhancement. Receiver‐operating‐characteristic (ROC) analysis of ADC values, tumor size, and Ktrans were performed.

Results

The size of mucinous adenocarcinomas was larger than benign multicystic lesions (4.09 ± 2.09 vs. 2.23 ± 0.58 cm, P < 0.001); the area under the curve (AUC) for tumor size was 0.859 with a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 90.9%. Stromal ADC value was lower for mucinous adenocarcinomas (1.19 ± 0.22 vs. 1.68 ± 0.22 × 10−3 mm2/s, P < 0.001); AUC for stromal ADC value was 0.970, with a sensitivity of 86.4% and specificity of 100.0%. Among quantitative DCE parameters, only ktrans offered a discriminative value (1.72 ± 1.42 vs. 0.69 ± 0.30 min−1, P = 0.031); the AUC for ktrans was 0.831 with a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 97.0%. Intracystic hemorrhage (3/7), solid component (5/7), and heterogeneous enhancement (4/7) were only found in mucinous adenocarcinomas. Five patients (71.4%) had lymphovascular space invasion and three (42.9%) had lymph node metastasis. The 1‐year tumor recurrence or metastasis rate was 28.5% (2/7).

Data Conclusion

Awareness of multiparametric MR features can assist in the differentiation of mucinous adenocarcinomas from benign multicystic lesions.

Level of Evidence: 4

Technical Efficacy: Stage 2

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1336–1343.
Towards digital transformation: Lessons learned from traditional organizations
Authors: Loonam John , Eaves Sally , Kumar Vikas , Parry Glenn
Published: April 2018

Digitally enabled organizations are supported by new information and communication technologies, referred to as digital technologies, which increasingly promise enormous opportunities for growth. The study reviews 10 case studies from the literature and analysis the approaches these organizations have taken to successfully implement digital technologies. The findings reveal a conceptual framework that seeks to support management in understanding the actions required to implement digital transformation.
Creating isolating mechanisms through digital servitization: The case of Covirán
Authors: Sánchez‐Montesinos Francisco , Opazo Basáez Marco , Arias Aranda Daniel , Bustinza Oscar F.
Published: April 2018

Digital servitization allows companies to establish specific entry barriers and create isolating mechanisms to maintain their products’ competitive advantage. Rapid linking of technologies with products has introduced new mechanisms to deliver services that complement product offerings. This business environment has significantly affected food companies in the retail sector, where companies have begun to implement and rely on digital solutions to support business operations to fulfill changing market conditions. The study demonstrates how the Covirán cooperative is improving service provision through digital capabilities to generate isolating mechanisms that enable the company to achieve a superior competitive position.
Measurement of the Basic Rheological Quantities of Biodegradable Greases for the Purpose of Modelling Their Flow
Authors: Nevrlý J. , Štern P.
Published: April 2018

The most important property of greases, which distinguishes them from other types of lubricant, is their semi‐solid nature. Greases can vary from very soft, or semi‐liquid, to hard. Significant savings can be made by the correct use of lubricants in terms of energy consumption, replacement parts, maintenance, and reduction of machinery downtime. Thus, improving the service life of machines is one of the most important aspects of engineering. A description of basic rheological measurement and parameter evaluation is outlined in this paper and illustrated using four selected biodegradable greases. A survey of the most frequently used time‐independent rheological models is provided.
New Mixed Esters with a Complex Alkyl‐Aryl Structure Considered as Tribological Fluids
Authors: Mirci L.E. , Boran S. , Luca P. , Boiangiu V.
Published: April 2018

This paper presents the results of a study carried out to produce synthetic ester oils of mixed structure and based on phthalic anhydride with beneficial tribological properties. Three series of unsymmetric diesters were synthesised using aliphatic alcohols such as n‐propanol, n‐butanol, n‐hexanol, 2‐ethylhexanol, isodecanol, and isotridecanol, along with special alcohols of a complex alkyl‐aryl structure, namely 2‐phenoxyethanol, 2‐((o‐sec‐butyl)phenoxylethanol, and 2‐ftp‐nonyl)phenoxylethanol. Also synthesised were symmetric esters based on these special aliphatic‐aromatic alcohols. The variation in the principal properties as a function of both the length of the aliphatic chain introduced by the aliphatic alcohol and the length and position of the aliphatic pendant chain on the aromatic nucleus of the complex alkyl‐aryl alcohol was assessed. Based on this, it has been possible to obtain fluid products with variable properties. The introduction of the aromatic function in the structure of these diesters leads to interesting features, and the wide range of viscosity values demonstrates their versatility.
Studies of the Synthesis and Utilisation of Schiff's Bases: I. Schiff's Bases as Antioxidants for Lubricating Greases
Authors: El-Adly R.A. , El-Sayed S.M. , Ismail M.M.
Published: April 2018

Three Schiff's bases have been prepared as antioxidants for three grades of lubricating grease. The following Schiff's base compounds were synthesised: 3‐[(p‐chlorophenyl)iminomethylenyl]‐4‐hydroxy‐8‐methyl‐2(1H)‐quinolinone and its bromo and iodo analogues. The structures of these compounds have been confirmed using elemental analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy. The quinolinone compounds were added to the lubricating greases in different concentrations. The antioxidant efficiency of these bases have been determined using infrared spectroscopy and total acid number. The results indicate that the oxidation stability of the lubricating greases is affected by the type of fatty acid they contain. It was found that the three types of grease resist oxidation in the presence of the Schiff's bases; the efficiency of these compounds as antioxidants decreases in the order: p‐chloro > p‐bromo > p‐iodo derivative. The mechanisms of operation of the quinolinone derivatives as scavengers for free radicals are suggested.
The Role of Solvation in the Kinetics and the Mechanism of Hydroperoxide Radicals Addition to π‐Bonds of 1,2‐Diphenylethylene and 1,4‐Diphenylbutadiene‐1,3
Authors: Pliss E. , Machtin V. , Soloviev M. , Grobov A. , Pliss R. , Sirik A. , Rusakov A.
Published: April 2018

A combination of microcalorimetry, the rotating sector method, and ESR at 323 K in the environment of 10 solvents of different polarities was used to measure rate constants of addition of hydroperoxide radicals () to π bonds of trans‐1,2‐diphenylethylene and trans,trans‐1,4‐diphenylbutadiene‐1,3 (k2) and disproportionation rate constants of these radicals (k3). With increasing dielectric constant of the medium, k2 values increase from 69 to 410 M−1 · s−1, and k3 values almost do not change and are in the range of (1.0 ± 0.2) × 108 M−1 · s−1. A linear dependence of logarithm values of rate constants from the dielectric constant of the medium in the coordinates of the Kirkwood–Onsager equation was found that allows to make a conclusion about the effect of nonspecific solvation in the studied systems. The quantum‐chemical analysis (NWChem, DFT B3LYP/6‐311G**) of the detailed mechanism for addition shows that the influence of the medium polarity reflects the superposition of the effects of nonspecific and specific solvation. The scale of the polar effect will depend on how different solvation energies of the transition and the initial reaction complexes. If a value of the solvation energy of the transition complex is larger than the solvation energy of the initial reaction complex, then the reaction rate should increase with an increase of the solvent's polarity and decrease otherwise.
Kinetics and Products of the Reactions of F2 with Br‐Atom and Br2
Authors: Bedjanian Yuri , Romanias Manolis N.
Published: April 2018

Reactions of F2 molecules exhibit unusual features, manifesting in high reactivity of F2 with respect to some closed‐shell molecules and low reactivity toward chemically active species, such as halogen and oxygen atoms. The existing data base on the reactions of F2 being rather sparse, kinetic and mechanistic studies (preferably over a wide temperature range) are needed to better understand the nature of the specific reactivity of fluorine molecule. In the present work, reactions of F2 with Br atoms and Br2 have been studied for the first time in an extended temperature range using a discharge flow reactor combined with an electron impact ionization mass spectrometer. The rate constant of the reaction F2 + Br → F +BrF (1) was determined either from kinetics of the reaction product, BrF, formation or from the kinetics of Br consumption in excess of F2: k1 = (4.66 ± 0.93) × 10−11 exp(−(4584 ± 86)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at T = 300–940 K. The rate constant of the reaction F2 + Br2 → products (2), k2 = (9.23 ± 2.68) × 10−11 exp(−(8373 ± 194)/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1, was determined in the temperature range 500–958 K by monitoring both reaction product (FBr) formation and F2 consumption kinetics in excess of Br2. The results of the experimental measurements of the yield of FBr (1.02 ± 0.07 at T = 960 K) combined with thermochemical calculations indicate that F+Br2F forming channel of reaction (2) is probably the dominant one, at least, at highest temperature of the study.
Should organs from hepatitis C‐positive donors be used in hepatitis C‐negative recipients for liver transplantation?
Authors: Selzner Nazia , Berenguer Marina
Published: April 2018

Given the scarcity of donated organs and the frequency of death on the waiting list, strategies that could improve the available supply of high‐quality liver grafts are much needed. Direct‐acting antiviral agent (DAA) regimens have proved to be highly effective to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV), even in the setting of posttransplantation. The question arises as to whether transplant communities should consider the utilization of HCV‐positive donors into HCV‐negative recipients. This review summarizes risk of transmission, treatment options with success rate, and ethical considerations for usage of HCV‐positive donors. Liver Transplantation 24 831–840 2018 AASLD.
Engineering approaches to multiaxial and non‐proportional fatigue of notched components
Authors: Riess C. , Hiese W. , Obermayr M. , Vormwald M.
Published: April 2018

Many components in engineering applications are subjected to multiple and uncorrelated loads during service‐life. Thus, multiaxial stress states with rotating principal axis may occur. For this special case of multiaxial and non‐proportional stresses the results of many fatigue assessment methods which are used in the industrial practice are of poor quality. Fatigue lifetimes of shoulder shafts (quenched and tempered steel) are estimated on the basis of the extended short crack model in combination with a multiaxial notch approximation. This approach shows a high accuracy but the precise modelling of non‐proportional hardening effects requires a complex plasticity model. Therefore, a simplified approach for considering non‐proportional hardening is introduced. Thus, the calculation method gets applicable in the engineering practice. Results are compared to well‐established engineering approaches. Furthermore, new component tests on die‐cast housings with two load channels under constant and variable amplitude loading are presented and discussed. The loads are applied in‐phase (proportional) as well as out‐of‐phase, which results in a high non‐proportional stress path at the crack initiation site. The effects of multiaxial and non‐proportional stress states seem to play a minor role in the fatigue assessment of die‐cast housings.
Fatigue life assessment of uni‐ and multidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics with regard to stiffness degradation
Authors: Rösch P. , Bruder T. , Wagner P.
Published: April 2018

Carbon fibre reinforced plastics are widely used in the automotive industry. In this paper a short introduction into the theoretical damage mechanisms and fatigue assessment approaches applicable for carbon fibre reinforced plastics is provided. The fatigue behaviour of uni‐ and multi‐directional carbon fibre laminates is shown for various laminate orientations and layups under axial loading. In addition to constant amplitude loading, experimental results using multiple staged block loading are presented. Online stiffness measurement during fatigue life is conducted. Supplementary investigations using in‐situ X‐ray and local strain measurements give further insight in the damage mechanisms. Furthermore a phenomenological residual stiffness approach is presented in order to describe the fatigue behaviour of the carbon fibre reinforced plastic tested in this project. Numerical evaluations are performed using Siemens Virtual.Lab Durability software and its composite fatigue solver. The computed stiffness degradation curves and corresponding fatigue life results are compared to the obtained test data under constant amplitude (SN curve and stiffness degradation) as well as multiple staged block loading.