bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geotecnologia aplicada ao desflorestamento aponta 92% de desflorestamento ilegal em projeto de assentamento cedro no município de tartarugalzinho no estado do Amapá
Authors: Costa José Douglas Monteiro da
Published: September 2019

No Estado do Amapá a agricultura familiar nos projetos de assentamentos é responsável por grande parte do desflorestamento, esta atividade é desenvolvida através de roças, que possui um sistema de revezamento de terras, caracterizando o chamado desmatamento silencioso, que são difíceis de serem detectados por imagens de satélites, variando em uma área de no máximo 3 hectares. Sem a distinção do desmatamento legal do ilegal, não é possível direcionar ações e politicas públicas aplicadas diretamente às atividades ilegais. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi analisar o impacto do desflorestamento ilegal no desflorestamento total do Projeto de Assentamento - PA Cedro no município de Tartarugalzinho no Estado do Amapá, através de ferramentas de geotecnologia no período de 2009 a 2014.  Para a análise espacial foi utilizado o Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), o software utilizado foi o ArcGIS, através de comparação das áreas desmatadas e espacialização das autorizações de desmatamento emitidas para cada lote do assentamento. Os resultados mostraram que no período de 2009 a 2014 o desmatamento ilegal chegou a 92,89%, sendo que o biênio 2011/2012 demonstrou uma taxa de desmatamento não autorizado de 97,76%. Ficou evidente que a geotecnologia é uma ferramenta muito útil devido à sua funcionalidade, demonstrando a possibilidade e necessidade da aplicação de geoprocessamento para a análise do desmatamento legal, com a espacialização das autorizações de desmatamento no projeto de assentamento.
Análise do aparelhamento das ETDI pelas refinarias para o fortalecimento de suas práticas voltadas para a preservação do meio ambiente
Authors: Silva Erivaldo Ferreira da , Muller Regina Celi Sarkis
Published: September 2019

Sabe-se que a produção de petróleo representa um tipo de atividade com fortes potenciais de causar danos ao meio ambiente, embora haja um grande esforço por parte das refinarias em modernizar cada vez mais seu modo de produção a fim de evitar qualquer tipo de contaminação do meio ambiente, em particular o aquático. Salienta-se ainda que mesmo havendo consciência dos benefícios trazidos pelos derivados do petróleo à sociedade, de um modo geral, é compressível também que há efeitos nocivos do desfrute da comodidade trazida por este tipo de fóssil, em alguns momentos preferindo abrir mão da mesma em defesa de um meio ambiente limpo e equilibrado. Ao longo da pesquisa, o contato com documentos produzidos pelas refinarias pesquisadas, percebeu-se que as mesmas também têm procurado ampliar seu leque de compromisso com a proteção ao meio ambiente, buscando meios para corresponderem às expectativas da sociedade e dos organismos de controle, levando-as a assumir um modelo de gestão comprometida com a defesa dos recursos naturais. Nota-se no trabalho que uma das principais preocupações das refinarias é com a água de produção, cuja representação chega a praticamente 99% nas atividades realizadas por elas, que precisam ser tratadas antes de despejadas novamente ao meio ambiente, assim como os efluentes que passam por um rigoroso processo de tratamento. Diante do contexto destaca-se que a busca por novos padrões tecnológicos é algo fundamental para manter o meio ambiente protegido dos efluentes contaminadores. Com isso, considera-se que o objetivo de analisar os potenciais impactos ambientais gerados pela produção de petróleo, em particular pelos efluentes das refinarias, foi alcançado. Para tanto a metodologia de buscar dados na literatura e em lócus foi fundamental para chegar aos resultados apresentados na pesquisa.
A ampliação do conteúdo de aprendizagem segundo os Padres da Igreja
Authors: Silva André Luiz Rodrigues da
Published: September 2019

Os Padres da Igreja, enquanto se tornaram grandes comentadores do Antigo e do Novo Testamento, promoveram muitos projetos com a preocupação em construir fórmulas importantes para os dogmas cristãos, especialmente graças à relação com a cultura helênica, de que desenvolveram um grupo de instruções e regras amplamente compatíveis não apenas com o processo de hermenêutica bíblica, mas sobretudo com a habilidade de compreender ou dar testemunho dos seus próprios escritos e pensamentos. Juntos, escritores cristãos de diferentes lugares como Roma, Alexandria e Hipona deixaram para a Ciência da Educação vestígios da sua própria experiência, dos quais nada impediria as pesquisas hodiernas de tirar proveito. Este artigo enumera a técnica da inventio, onde normalmente buscavam o assunto a ser tratado, o processo de aprendizagem e de conhecimento e, finalmente, o crescimento do conteúdo de acordo com a paideia cristã antiga.
Unidade na diversidade: hermenêutica Bíblica nas Ciências da Religião e Teologia
Authors: Gusso Antônio Renato
Published: September 2019

Este texto procura responder à seguinte pergunta: Partindo-se do princípio de que Ciências da Religião e Teologia, mesmo pertencendo a áreas diferentes do conhecimento, estão na mesma área de avaliação da CAPES, a área 44, é possível que elas trabalhem de forma conjunta e harmônica no tema da Hermenêutica Bíblica? Lançando mão do método da análise comparativa, depois de destacar que, realmente, as duas têm diferenças marcantes, responde positivamente à questão levantada, mostrando que elas trabalham com um objeto comum, ou seja, com a Bíblia, ou bíblias; que existem diferenças nas abordagens deste objeto, mas, que mesmo assim, também são vários os pontos de convergência entre elas neste tema, como o título “unidade na diversidade” já destaca. Sim, isso levanta a possibilidade concreta de trabalhos em conjunto. Inclusive, em sua última parte, são aventadas, ainda que parcialmente, sugestões de projetos que podem ser realizados em cooperação para contribuir positivamente para a questão da Hermenêutica Bíblica para as duas áreas abordadas.
A atualidade do “hoje” em Dt 26,16-19
Authors: Fernandes Leonardo Agostine
Published: September 2019

Dt 26,16-19 possui um vocabulário específico e determinante, próprio do livro de Deuteronômio. Por isso, pode-se admitir, em particular, a sua capacidade de síntese do conjunto de leis contido em Dt 12–26*. A obediência a YHWH não se faz pela força da lei, mas pela força do amor que está na base da eleição do “novo Israel”. Este estudo está estruturado em quatro pontos: 1) Contexto histórico-literário, pelo qual, na medida do possível, busca-se situar o texto na dinâmica do livro; 2) Texto segmentado e notas de crítica, pelos quais se propõe uma tradução, a apresentação e a “solução” para certos problemas; 3) Organização do texto, a fim de favorecer a sua compreensão ad intra do livro de Deuteronômio; 4) Breve comentário aos versículos. Por meio de uma abordagem sincrônica, objetiva-se propor e alcançar uma atualização que atenda à proposta presente no título desse artigo.
Segen und Fluch in Deuteronomium 27–28
Authors: Kessler Rainer
Published: September 2019

Die Kapitel Dtn 27 und 28 enthalten in 27,14-26 einen Abschnitt mit Flüchen und in Kap. 28 eine Abfolge von Segen und Fluch. Die Fluch-Texte in Kap. 27 und 28 unterscheiden sich in ihrer Form und Funktion völlig voneinander. In 27,14-26 werden unterschiedliche Vergehen aufgezählt, die alle mit dem Fluch belegt werden. In Kap. 28 gibt es nur ein Vergehen, nämlich nicht auf die Gebote zu hören, das mit einer Vielzahl von Flüchen belegt wird. Die Funktion von 27,14-26 entspricht der des Dekalogs in Dtn 5, nur das es jetzt um Vergehen geht, die im Verborgenen begangen werden. Dtn 28 dagegen fasst im ersten Teil die Segenstheologie des Deuteronomiums zusammen und ergänzt sie im zweiten Teil um die Flüche. Sowohl 27,14-26 als auch Dtn 28 rahmen das Deuteronomium und fassen es zu einer Einheit zusammen.
Editorial
Authors: Perondi Ildo , Rossi Luiz Alexandre , Maçaneiro Marcial
Published: September 2019

Leituras do Deuteronômio
Refleksi Diri Melewati Peristiwa Retaknya Keluarga dalam Penulisan Naratif: Studi Analisis Isi
Authors: Savitri Setiawati Intan , Takwin Bagus , Ariyanto Amarina Ashar , Noviyanti Naimah
Published: September 2019

Saat individu berusaha mengatasi dampak emosional menghadapi keluarga retak,  individu mencoba untuk melakukan refleksi atas peristiwa tersebut meski kadang sulit karena individu larut pada emosi negatif (ruminasi). Namun, individu juga mampu melihat pengalamannya secara adaptif dari perspektif pengamat dengan merespon tekanan dengan berjarak, sehingga mampu memaknai atau mendapatkan solusi dari tekanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan proses refleksi diri adaptif ketika merespon peristiwa retaknya keluarga dengan cara menulis narasi dengan kata ganti personal satu (perspektif pelaku) dan menulis narasi dengan kata ganti personal nama-diri (perspektif pengamat). Riset Kross dkk. (2014) menyatakan bahwa kata ganti personal nama-diri merupakan metode untuk refleksi diri yang dianggap lebih adaptif dibandingkan dengan menggunakan kata ganti personal satu (perspektif diri pelaku) yang menyebabkan efek larut pada emosi negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis isi. Subjek penelitian berjumlah tujuh orang (5 wanita dan 2 pria). Data diperoleh dari teks tulisan subjek yang mengikuti eksperimen menulis naratif selama empat hari berturut-turut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instruksi menulis dengan bahasa yang berjarak menggunakan perspektif pengamat, jika dibandingkan dengan instruksi menulis dengan menggunakan perspektif pelaku, pada level tertentu dapat membantu proses refleksi diri adaptif dengan mekanisme yang berbeda.
Retrograde Ret signaling controls sensory pioneer axon outgrowth
Authors: Tuttle Adam , Drerup Catherine M , Marra Molly , McGraw Hillary , Nechiporuk Alex V
Published: September 2019

The trafficking mechanisms and transcriptional targets downstream of long-range neurotrophic factor ligand/receptor signaling that promote axon growth are incompletely understood. Zebrafish carrying a null mutation in a neurotrophic factor receptor, Ret, displayed defects in peripheral sensory axon growth cone morphology and dynamics. Ret receptor was highly enriched in sensory pioneer neurons and Ret51 isoform was required for pioneer axon outgrowth. Loss-of-function of a cargo adaptor, Jip3, partially phenocopied Ret axonal defects, led to accumulation of activated Ret in pioneer growth cones, and reduced retrograde Ret51 transport. Jip3 and Ret51 were also retrogradely co-transported, ultimately suggesting Jip3 is a retrograde adapter of active Ret51. Finally, loss of Ret reduced transcription and growth cone localization of Myosin-X, an initiator of filopodial formation. These results show a specific role for Ret51 in pioneer axon growth, and suggest a critical role for long-range retrograde Ret signaling in regulating growth cone dynamics through downstream transcriptional changes.
Cortical tau deposition follows patterns of entorhinal functional connectivity in aging
Authors: Adams Jenna N , Maass Anne , Harrison Theresa M , Baker Suzanne L , Jagust William J
Published: September 2019

Tau pathology first appears in the transentorhinal and anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alEC) in the aging brain. The transition to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is hypothesized to involve amyloid-β (Aβ) facilitated tau spread through neural connections. We contrasted functional connectivity (FC) of alEC and posteromedial EC (pmEC), subregions of EC that differ in functional specialization and cortical connectivity, with the hypothesis that alEC-connected cortex would show greater tau deposition than pmEC-connected cortex. We used resting state fMRI to measure FC, and PET to measure tau and Aβ in cognitively normal older adults. Tau preferentially deposited in alEC-connected cortex compared to pmEC-connected or non-connected cortex, and stronger connectivity was associated with increased tau deposition. FC-tau relationships were present regardless of Aβ, although strengthened with Aβ. These results provide an explanation for the anatomic specificity of neocortical tau deposition in the aging brain and reveal relationships between normal aging and the evolution of AD.
Security durability assessment through fuzzy analytic hierarchy process
Authors: Agrawal Alka , Zarour Mohammad , Alenezi Mamdouh , Kumar Rajeev , Khan Raees Ahmad
Published: September 2019

Background

Security is an integral aspect of the development of quality software. Furthermore, security durability is even more imperative and in persistent demand due to high investment in recent years. To achieve the desired target of efficacious and viable durability of security services, there needs to be nodal focus on durability along with security. Unfortunately, the highly secure design of software becomes worthless because the durability of security services is not as it should be.

Methods

Security durability attributes have their own impact while integrating security with durability and assessment of security durability plays a crucial role during software development. Within this context, this paper estimates the security durability of the two alternatives versions of a locally developed software called version 1 and version 2. To assess the security durability, authors are using the hybrid fuzzy analytic hierarchy process decision analysis approach.

Results

The impact of the security durability on other attributes has been evaluated quantitatively. The result obtained contains the assessment of security durability. The study posits conclusions which are based on this result and are useful for practitioners to assess and improve the security life span of software services.
GWRA: grey wolf based reconstruction algorithm for compressive sensing signals
Authors: Aziz Ahmed , Singh Karan , Elsawy Ahmed , Osamy Walid , Khedr Ahmed M.
Published: September 2019

The recent advances in compressive sensing (CS) based solutions make it a promising technique for signal acquisition, image processing and other types of data compression needs. In CS, the most challenging problem is to design an accurate and efficient algorithm for reconstructing the original data. Greedy-based reconstruction algorithms proved themselves as a good solution to this problem because of their fast implementation and low complex computations. In this paper, we propose a new optimization algorithm called grey wolf reconstruction algorithm (GWRA). GWRA is inspired from the benefits of integrating both the reversible greedy algorithm and the grey wolf optimizer algorithm. The effectiveness of GWRA technique is demonstrated and validated through rigorous simulations. The simulation results show that GWRA significantly exceeds the greedy-based reconstruction algorithms such as sum product, orthogonal matching pursuit, compressive sampling matching pursuit and filtered back projection and swarm based techniques such as BA and PSO in terms of reducing the reconstruction error, the mean absolute percentage error and the average normalized mean squared error.
Standardization and validation of a panel of cross-species microsatellites to individually identify the Asiatic wild dog (Cuon alpinus)
Authors: Modi Shrushti , Habib Bilal , Ghaskadbi Pallavi , Nigam Parag , Mondol Samrat
Published: September 2019

Background

The Asiatic wild dog or dhole (Cuon alpinus) is a highly elusive, monophyletic, forest dwelling, social canid distributed across south and Southeast Asia. Severe pressures from habitat loss, prey depletion, disease, human persecution and interspecific competition resulted in global population decline in dholes. Despite a declining population trend, detailed information on population size, ecology, demography and genetics is lacking. Generating reliable information at landscape level for dholes is challenging due to their secretive behaviour and monomorphic physical features. Recent advances in non-invasive DNA-based tools can be used to monitor populations and individuals across large landscapes. In this paper, we describe standardization and validation of faecal DNA-based methods for individual identification of dholes. We tested this method on 249 field-collected dhole faeces from five protected areas of the central Indian landscape in the state of Maharashtra, India.

Results

We tested a total of 18 cross-species markers and developed a panel of 12 markers for unambiguous individual identification of dholes. This marker panel identified 101 unique individuals from faecal samples collected across our pilot field study area. These loci showed varied level of amplification success (57–88%), polymorphism (3–9 alleles), heterozygosity (0.23–0.63) and produced a cumulative misidentification rate or PID(unbiased)and PID(sibs)value of 4.7 × 10−10and 1.5 × 10−4, respectively, indicating a high statistical power in individual discrimination from poor quality samples.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that the selected panel of 12 microsatellite loci can conclusively identify dholes from poor quality, non-invasive biological samples and help in exploring various population parameters. This genetic approach would be useful in dhole population estimation across its range and will help in assessing population trends and other genetic parameters for this elusive, social carnivore.
Community composition of zooplankton exported from a shallow polymictic reservoir linked to wind conditions
Authors: Ruhl Nathan , Haban Desireé , Czajkowski Caitlyn , Grove Michael , Richmond Courtney E.
Published: September 2019

Zooplankton exported from lentic systems provision lotic systems with easily captured, consumed, and assimilated prey items. Previous studies have demonstrated that the community composition of zooplankton exports (CCZE) vary over time, which introduces temporal differences in lotic resource availability (zooplankton prey) in downstream habitats. In the study presented here, we monitored variation in CCZE from a polymictic reservoir outfall in response to physical–chemical and atmospheric conditions bi-hourly over three different 24-h periods. Community composition of zooplankton export varied over the course of the day, and exports were most closely associated with wind directionality. Future studies of temporal variation in CCZE should incorporate wind conditions, especially in shallow systems where holomixis occurs frequently. Polymictic reservoirs are becoming increasingly common as the global pace of small dam construction quickens, making both the identification of factors influencing CCZE and the impact of zooplankton exports on local biodiversity and ecosystem function increasingly important to understand.
Zieria fordii and Z. wilhelminae (Rutaceae), two new and restricted Queensland species segregated from the morphologically similar and widespread Z. cytisoides.
Authors: Duretto Marco F.
Published: September 2019

Zieria fordii Duretto and Z. wilhelminae Duretto (Rutaceae), two species from the Cook and South Kennedy Districts of Queensland and morphologically similar to Z. cytisoides Sm., are newly described. Illustrations, an updated key to the genus Zieria in Queensland, and information on the distribution, conservation status, and ecology for both species are provided.
Evaluation of the Ecological Impact of Human Settlement on Trees in Oban and Okwangwo Forests of Cross River National Park, Nigeria
Authors: Onen Onen Ibiang , Agoura Celestin Uzoma , Iheukwumere Charles Chidozie , Olasan Joseph Olalekan , Aboh Andrew Ashieta
Published: September 2019

The ecological impacts of human settlement on trees in Oban and Okwangwo Forests of Cross River National Park located in Nigeria was carried out in the park with the view of providing  information on the activities of the support zones and enclave communities in both (Oban and Okwangwo) divisions of the park. Surveillance tours were carried out in company of the park rangers in the park and enclave communities. Each division was divided into two (2) zones each (core and peripheral) for ease of coverage. Plots were randomly selected in each study site at regular number of paces (fixed interval) to avoid coincidence.

Data collections and observations were carried out for a period of four (4) months in both divisions. Random Sampling method was used for the study. Eight (8) plots of size 50 each were marked out using wooden pegs with red ribbon tied across the pegs in the core zones in both divisions (Oban and okwangwo). Same was applicable to the peripheral zones in both divisions giving a total number of 32 plots. The total number of trees per plot was determined by direct stem count and trees with 30 cm girth and above was considered for the count. The total number of trees counted in the core zones was (Oban 141 and Okwangwo 162) and the peripheral zones (Oban 120 and Okwangwo 127). Descriptive statistics was applied on the data to determine the mean, standard deviation and range. The T-test for tree counted in Oban (Table 3) reveals that Tcal(1.161)≤Ttab(2.365) and the difference had a mean of 3.875, TCal ≤ Ttab at 5% level of significance. The T-test for tree counts in Okwangwo (Table 6) shows that Tcal(3.040)≥Ttab(2.365),  TCal ≥ Ttab at 5% level of significance. F-statistics (Table 8) revealed a significance level in their differences, Ftab (p=0.05) df (7,7) = 3.79, FCal = 5.384.

This calls for fast action on the resettlement of the enclave communities and provision of alternative sources of income for the support zones and enclave communities. Strategies should be adopted and improved upon if biodiversity is to be conserved. These strategies are embedded in increasing staff strength, well equipped and dedicated rangers as well as the absence of surrounding enclave communities.
Power-law Behavior of the Alternative Splicing of Exons in Human Transcriptome
Authors: Grinev Vasily V. , Nazarov Petr V. , Klimov Eugene A.
Published: September 2019

Aims: To establish the common rules of exon combinatorics during RNA splicing.

Study Design: Inferring a plausible statistical model of exon combinatorics from the annotated models of human genes during RNA splicing.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Genetics (Belarusian State University), Proteome and Genome Research Unit (Luxembourg Institute of Health), Department of Genetics (Lomonosov Moscow State University) and Moscow Center of Experimental Embryology and Reproductive Biotechnologies, between January 2017 and July 2019.

Methodology: We used human mRNA and EST sequences from GenBank (1093522 unique records in total) and linear models of the human genes from Ensembl (58051 genes), AceView (72384 genes), ECgene (57172 genes), NCBI RefSeq (54262 genes), UCSC Genome Browser (58037 genes) and VEGA (54950 genes) to calculate a combinatorial index of human exons. We inferred the most plausible statistical model describing the distribution of combinatorial index of human exons using Clauset’s mathematical formalism. Predictors of the combinatorial index values and functional outcomes of the predefined behavior of exons during splicing were also determined.

Results: Power-law is the most plausible statistical model describing the combinatorics of exons during RNA splicing. The combinatorial index of human exons is defined by more than 90% by the 138 features that have different importance. The most important of these features are the abundance of exon in transcripts, the strength of splice sites, the rank of exon in transcripts and the type of exon. Analysis of the marginal effects shows that different values of the same feature have unequal influence on the combinatorial index of human exons. Power-law behavior of exons during RNA splicing pre-determines structural diversity of transcripts, low sensitivity of splicing process to random perturbations and its high vulnerability to manipulation with highly combinative exons.

Conclusion: Exons widely involved in alternative splicing are a part of the common power-law phenomenon in human cells. The power-law behavior of exons during RNA splicing gives the unique characteristics to human genes.
Remediation of Surface Water Contaminated with Domestic Purpose Kerosene Using Fenton’s Oxidation
Authors: Shinggu D. Y. , Kanus J. H. , Medjor W. O.
Published: September 2019

The remediation of surface water contaminated with domestic purpose kerosene (DPK) using Fenton’s oxidation was investigated at ambient temperature for effectiveness at optimum conditions established. Results obtained from optimization studies for the Fenton’s oxidation employed for the study were 250000 mg/L H2O2 and 300 mg/L FeSO4 at ambient temperature with pH of samples adjusted to 3.0. At the end of the chemical remediation, the Fenton’s oxidation was found to be rapid with the reaction being exothermic and followed second order kinetics. About 44.4% of the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) as kerosene removal efficiency was achieved after 90 minutes. The reaction also followed a pseudo-first order kinetics with the rate constant of 3x102 mol-1cm3min-1.
Molecular Detection of Methicillin Resistance Genes from Clinical Sources and Hospital Environments
Authors: Adekunle O. C. , Oyakeye T. O. , Adesiji Y. O.
Published: September 2019

Infections associated with Staphylococcus aureus have high mortality rate and lead to economic loss with a long stay in the hospital. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the major nosocomial pathogens which are acquired in the health care facilities.  The objective of the study was to investigate the presence of MRSA in clinical sources and hospital environments. Samples were collected, cultured and identified. Also, the antibiotic susceptibility profile was done. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of identification gene nuc- and the resistant gene, mecA were conducted. Sixty-three isolates were positive for S. aureus out of 370 clinical samples (urine, wound, nasal swabs and pus) and 37 positives out of 262 samples from hospital environments. Majority of the isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin, novobiocin and majority were resistant to ceftazidine, cloxacillin and augmentin. Seventy-one to ninety- five percent and 51-72% exhibited multi-drug resistance among clinical samples and hospital environments respectively. Both samples were positive for nuc and mec A genes. The detection of MRSA in hospital environments may pose a great danger to patients especially those of compromised status.
Employability and Higher Education: A Category for the Future
Authors: Boffo Vanna
Published: September 2019

This chapter sets out to introduce some theoretical reflections on the employability construct in adult and higher education. At the same time, it illustrates some perspectives for educational action through the presentation of career service activities aimed at the development of transversal skills.
“Being a Careful Observer”: The Design of Work‐Related Assignments in Higher Education
Authors: Frison Daniela , Tino Concetta
Published: September 2019

This chapter focuses on work‐related learning in higher education and the key principles to consider for the design of work‐related assignments in partnership with business.
Working With PhD Students to Build Their Transferability and Researcher Skills in the FEASST@8 and SuCCEED@8 Projects
Authors: Devecchi Cristina
Published: September 2019

Providing doctoral students with the employability skills they needs is a developing area rich with a variety of training opportunities. This contribution argues that including students as co‐researchers through a process of “learning by doing” enables them to learn and implement new skills in a safe but risk‐taking environment.
Magnetic Nanoparticle Chains in Gelatin Ferrogels: Bioinspiration from Magnetotactic Bacteria
Authors: Sturm Sebastian , Siglreitmeier Maria , Wolf Daniel , Vogel Karin , Gratz Micha , Faivre Damien , Lubk Axel , Büchner Bernd , Sturm (née Rosseeva) Elena V. , Cölfen Helmut
Published: September 2019

Inspired by chains of ferrimagnetic nanocrystals (NCs) in magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), the synthesis and detailed characterization of ferrimagnetic magnetite NC chain‐like assemblies is reported. An easy green synthesis route in a thermoreversible gelatin hydrogel matrix is used. The structure of these magnetite chains prepared with and without gelatin is characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, including electron tomography (ET). These structures indeed bear resemblance to the magnetite assemblies found in MTB, known for their mechanical flexibility and outstanding magnetic properties and known to crystallographically align their magnetite NCs along the strongest <111> magnetization easy axis. Using electron holography (EH) and angular dependent magnetic measurements, the magnetic interaction between the NCs and the generation of a magnetically anisotropic material can be shown. The electro‐ and magnetostatic modeling demonstrates that in order to precisely determine the magnetization (by means of EH) inside chain‐like NCs assemblies, their exact shape, arrangement and stray‐fields have to be considered (ideally obtained using ET).
In Vivo Retargeting of Poly(beta aminoester) (OM‐PBAE) Nanoparticles is Influenced by Protein Corona
Authors: Fornaguera Cristina , Guerra‐Rebollo Marta , Lázaro Miguel Ángel , Cascante Anna , Rubio Núria , Blanco Jerónimo , Borrós Salvador
Published: September 2019

One of the main bottlenecks in the translation of nanomedicines from research to clinics is the difficulty in designing nanoparticles actively vectorized to the target tissue, a key parameter to ensure efficacy and safety. In this group, a library of poly(beta aminoester) polymers is developed, and it is demonstrated that adding specific combinations of terminal oligopeptides (OM‐PBAE), in vitro transfection is cell selective. The current study aims to actively direct the nanoparticles to the liver by the addition of a targeting molecule. To achieve this objective, retinol, successfully attached to OM‐PBAE, is selected as hepatic targeting moiety. It is demonstrated that organ biodistribution is tailored, achieving the desired liver accumulation. Regarding cell type transfection, antigen presenting cells in the liver are those showing the highest transfection. Thanks to proteomics studies, organ but not cellular biodistribution can be explained by the formation of differential protein coronas. Therefore, organ biodistribution is governed by differential protein corona formed when retinol is present, while cellular biodistribution is controlled by the end oligopeptides type. In summary, this work is a proof of concept that demonstrates the versatility of these OM‐PBAE nanoparticles, in terms of the modification of the biodistribution of OM‐PBAE nanoparticles adding active targeting moieties.
Review on Recent Progress of All‐Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskites and Solar Cells
Authors: Xiang Wanchun , Tress Wolfgang
Published: September 2019

All‐inorganic perovskites are considered to be one of the most appealing research hotspots in the field of perovskite photovoltaics in the past 3 years due to their superior thermal stability compared to their organic–inorganic hybrid counterparts. The power‐conversion efficiency has reached 17.06% and the number of important publications is ever increasing. Here, the progress of inorganic perovskites is systematically highlighted, covering materials design, preparation of high‐quality perovskite films, and avoidance of phase instabilities. Inorganic perovskites, nanocrystals, quantum dots, and lead‐free compounds are discussed and the corresponding device performances are reviewed, which have been realized on both rigid and flexible substrates. Methods for stabilization of the cubic phase of low‐bandgap inorganic perovskites are emphasized, which is a prerequisite for highly efficient and stable solar cells. In addition, energy loss mechanisms both in the bulk of the perovskite and at the interfaces of perovskite and charge selective layers are unraveled. Reported approaches to reduce these charge‐carrier recombination losses are summarized and complemented by methods proposed from our side. Finally, the potential of inorganic perovskites as stable absorbers is assessed, which opens up new perspectives toward the commercialization of inorganic perovskite solar cells.
Chemically Tuned p‐ and n‐Type WSe2 Monolayers with High Carrier Mobility for Advanced Electronics
Authors: Ji Hyun Goo , Solís‐Fernández Pablo , Yoshimura Daisuke , Maruyama Mina , Endo Takahiko , Miyata Yasumitsu , Okada Susumu , Ago Hiroki
Published: September 2019

Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted a great interest for post‐silicon electronics and photonics due to their high carrier mobility, tunable bandgap, and atom‐thick 2D structure. With the analogy to conventional silicon electronics, establishing a method to convert TMDC to p‐ and n‐type semiconductors is essential for various device applications, such as complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) circuits and photovoltaics. Here, a successful control of the electrical polarity of monolayer WSe2 is demonstrated by chemical doping. Two different molecules, 4‐nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate and diethylenetriamine, are utilized to convert ambipolar WSe2 field‐effect transistors (FETs) to p‐ and n‐type, respectively. Moreover, the chemically doped WSe2 show increased effective carrier mobilities of 82 and 25 cm2 V−1s−1 for holes and electrons, respectively, which are much higher than those of the pristine WSe2. The doping effects are studied by photoluminescence, Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory. Chemically tuned WSe2 FETs are integrated into CMOS inverters, exhibiting extremely low power consumption (≈0.17 nW). Furthermore, a p‐n junction within single WSe2 grain is realized via spatially controlled chemical doping. The chemical doping method for controlling the transport properties of WSe2 will contribute to the development of TMDC‐based advanced electronics.
Metal–Organic Frameworks‐Derived Tunnel Structured Co3(PO4)2@C as Cathode for New Generation High‐Performance Al‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Caixia , Dong Shihua , Wang Peng , Wang Chengxiang , Yin Longwei
Published: September 2019

Despite great progress in aluminum ion batteries (AIBs), the commercialization and performance improvement of AIBs‐based carbon cathodes is greatly impeded by sluggish intercalation/extraction and redox kinetics due to large‐sized AlCl4− anions. Phosphates with tunnel channels and much larger d‐spacing than the radius of Al3+ could be an alternative candidate as a cathode for potential high‐performance AIBs. Herein, elaborately designed porous tunnel structured Co3(PO4)2@C composites derived from ZIF‐67 as AIBs cathodes are demonstrated, showing increased active sites, high ionic mobility, and high Al3+ ion diffusion coefficient, leading to remarkably enhanced discharge–charge redox reaction kinetics. Furthermore, the carbon shell and porous structure performs as armor to alleviate volume change and maintain the structure integrity of the cathodes. As expected, the rationally constructed Co3(PO4)2@C composite exhibits a superior capacity of 111 mA h g−1 at a high current density of 6 A g−1 and 151 mA h g−1 at 2 A g−1 after 500 cycles with capacity decay of 0.02% per cycle. This innovative strategy could be a big step forward for long‐term cycle stable AIBs and reveals significant insights into the redox reaction mechanism for high‐performance AIBs based on Al3+ rather than large‐sized AlCl4−.
A life history approach to prenatal supplementation: Building a bridge from biological anthropology to public health and nutrition
Authors: Reiches Meredith W.
Published: September 2019

While prenatal supplementation with protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and micronutrients has been used to improve infant outcomes in undernourished populations since the 1960s with inconsistent results, a flourishing body of literature within biological anthropology has used life history theory to explain why supplemental resources are often allocated to maternal survival and future reproduction and not to the current offspring. To date, however, public health and nutrition researchers have not adopted evolutionary perspectives in designing or analyzing prenatal supplementation studies. The result is a long series of supplementation trials with unpredictable and often disappointing outcomes for women and children, as well as serious lacunae in the understanding of long‐term consequences of supplementation for women. The goal of this article is to open a tactical conversation about how to build a bridge between the evolutionary logic of biological anthropology and the evidentiary standards and methods of public health and nutrition with the aim of advancing knowledge about reproductive and metabolic physiology and improving women's health over the life course. The article reviews recent prenatal supplementation studies and proposes programmatic strategies by which biological anthropologists and public health and nutrition workers may collaborate to define different conditions of prenatal supplement resource allocation and to target more effective interventions.
Dearomative Dual Functionalization of Aryl Iodanes
Authors: Zhao Weizhao , Huang Xin , Zhan Yaling , Zhang Qifeng , Li Dongyang , Zhang Yage , Kong Lichun , Peng Bo
Published: September 2019

Herein we describe the dearomatization of aryl iodanes through an unprecedented “rearrangement/addition” sequence. The process consists of two stages. First, a rapid [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement of the aryl iodane with an α‐stannyl nitrile affords a highly electrophilic dearomatized intermediate at −78 °C. A low‐temperature rearrangement then enables the unstable dearomatized species to be trapped in situ with various nucleophiles. As a consequence, the reaction not only breaks the aromaticity of the aryl iodane but also sequentially installs two different functional groups, thus resulting in a polysubstituted alicyclic product.
Tricoordinate Nontrigonal Pnictogen‐Centered Radical Anions: Isolation, Characterization, and Reactivity
Authors: Mondal Manas Kumar , Zhang Li , Feng Zhongtao , Tang Shuxuan , Feng Rui , Zhao Yue , Tan Gengwen , Ruan Huapeng , Wang Xinping
Published: September 2019

The search for main‐group element‐based radicals is one of the main research topics in contemporary chemistry because of their fascinating chemical and physical properties. The Group 15 element‐centered radicals mainly feature a V‐shaped two coordinate structure, with a couple of radical cations featuring trigonal tricoordinated geometry. Now, nontrigonal compounds R3E (E=P, As, Sb) were successfully synthesized by introducing a new rigid tris‐amide ligand. The selective one‐electron reduction of R3E afforded the first stable tricoordinate pnictogen‐centered radical anion salts; the pnictogen atoms retain planar T‐shaped structures. EPR spectroscopy and calculations reveal that the spin density mainly resides at the p orbitals of the pnictogen atoms, which is perpendicular to the N3E planes.
Luciferase‐Induced Photouncaging: Bioluminolysis
Authors: Chang Dalu , Lindberg Eric , Feng Suihan , Angerani Simona , Riezman Howard , Winssinger Nicolas
Published: September 2019

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) has been widely used for studying dynamic processes in biological systems such as protein–protein interactions and other signaling events. Aside from acting as a reporter, BRET can also turn on functions in living systems. Herein, we report the application of BRET to performing a biorthogonal reaction in living cells; namely, releasing functional molecules through energy transfer to a coumarin molecule, a process termed bioluminolysis. An efficient BRET from Nanoluc‐Halotag chimera protein (H‐Luc) to a coumarin substrate yields the excited state of coumarin, which in turn triggers hydrolysis to uncage a target molecule. Compared to the conventional methods, this novel uncaging system requires no external light source and shows fast kinetics (t1/2<2 min). We applied this BRET uncaging system to release a potent kinase inhibitor, ibrutinib, in living cells, highlighting its broad utility in controlling the supply of bioactive small molecules in vivo.
Concise Access to the Skeleton of Protoilludane Sesquiterpenes through a Photochemical Reaction Cascade: Total Synthesis of Atlanticone C
Authors: Zech Andreas , Jandl Christian , Bach Thorsten
Published: September 2019

In a single photochemical operation (λ≥350 nm) an easily accessible indanone derivative was converted into a structurally complex precursor of the protoilludane sesquiterpenes. The product (60 % yield) contains all 15 carbon atoms of the skeleton in the required connectivity and was transformed into the natural product atlanticone C (9 steps, 6 % overall yield). In addition, it was shown that other protoilludanes, such as Δ6‐protoilludene and paesslerin A, can be prepared in a concise fashion via the photochemical key intermediate. The photochemical reaction cascade comprises an ortho photocycloaddition, a thermal disrotatory ring opening and a regioselective disrotatory [4π] photocyclization.
A Metal–Organic Framework Thin Film for Selective Mg2+ Transport
Authors: Luo Jingru , Li Yang , Zhang Haochuan , Wang Ailun , Lo Wei‐Shang , Dong Qi , Wong Nicholas , Povinelli Christopher , Shao Yucai , Chereddy Sumanth , Wunder Stephanie , Mohanty Udayan , Tsung Chia‐Kuang , Wang Dunwei
Published: September 2019

The incompatibility between the anode and the cathode chemistry limits the used of Mg as an anode. This issue may be addressed by separating the anolyte and the catholyte with a membrane that only allows for Mg2+ transport. Mg‐MOF‐74 thin films were used as the separator for this purpose. It was shown to meet the needs of low‐resistance, selective Mg2+ transport. The uniform MOF thin films supported on Au substrate with thicknesses down to ca. 202 nm showed an intrinsic resistance as low as 6.4 Ω cm2, with the normalized room‐temperature ionic conductivity of ca. 3.17×10−6 S cm−1. When synthesized directly onto a porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) support, the resulting films were used as a standalone membrane to permit stable, low‐overpotential Mg striping and plating for over 100 cycles at a current density of 0.05 mA cm−2. The film was effective in blocking solvent molecules and counterions from crossing over for extended period of time.
Arene‐Free Ruthenium(II/IV)‐Catalyzed Bifurcated Arylation for Oxidative C−H/C−H Functionalizations
Authors: Rogge Torben , Ackermann Lutz
Published: September 2019

Experimental and computational studies provide detailed insight into the selectivity‐ and reactivity‐controlling factors in bifurcated ruthenium‐catalyzed direct C−H arylations and dehydrogenative C−H/C−H functionalizations. Thorough investigations revealed the importance of arene‐ligand‐free complexes for the formation of biscyclometalated intermediates within a ruthenium(II/IV/II) mechanistic manifold.
Emerging therapeutic potentials of dual‐acting MAO and AChE inhibitors in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases
Authors: Mathew Bijo , Parambi Della G. T. , Mathew Githa E. , Uddin Md. Sahab , Inasu Sini T. , Kim Hoon , Marathakam Akash , Unnikrishnan Mazhuvancherry Kesavan , Carradori Simone
Published: September 2019

No drug has been approved to prevent neuronal cell loss in patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD); despite increased comprehension of the underlying molecular causes, therapies target cognitive functional improvement and motor fluctuation control. Drug design strategies that adopt the “one protein, one target” philosophy fail to address the multifactorial aetiologies of neurodegenerative disorders such as AD and PD optimally. On the contrary, restoring neurotransmitter levels by combined combinatorial inhibition of cholinesterases, monoamine oxidases, and adenosine A2AA receptors, in conjunction with strategies to counter oxidative stress and beta‐amyloid plaque accumulation, would constitute a therapeutically robust, multitarget approach. This extensive review delineates the therapeutic advantages of combining dual‐acting molecules that inhibit monoamine oxidases and cholinesterases and/or adenosine A2AA receptors, and describes the structure–activity relationships of compound classes that include, but are not limited to, alkaloids, coumarins, chalcones, donepezil–propargylamine conjugates, homoisoflavonoids, resveratrol analogs, hydrazones, and pyrazolines. In the wake of recent advances in network biology, in silico approaches, and omics, this review emphasizes the need to consider conceptually informed research strategies for drug discovery, in the context of the mounting burden posed by chronic neurodegenerative diseases with complex aetiologies and pathophysiologies involving multiple signalling pathways and numerous drug targets.
Acoustic Emission in der Bauwerksüberwachung zur Feststellung von Spannstahlbrüchen
Authors: Sodeikat Christian , Groschup Robin , Knab Franz , Obermeier Philipp
Published: September 2019

Die Schallemissionsmessung Acoustic Emission (AE) ist ein Messverfahren, welches in der Materialforschung, in der Materialprüfung im Labor und in der Dauerüberwachung im Anlagen‐ und Maschinenbau seit Jahrzehnten erfolgreich eingesetzt wird. Im Bauwesen stellt die AE noch kein etabliertes bzw. übliches Messverfahren dar, auch wenn die Tauglichkeit des Verfahrens zur Detektion von Schadensereignissen in der Praxis mehrfach bewiesen wurde. In Deutschland unterliegen derzeit mehrere Brücken einer Dauerüberwachung, bei der AE einen wichtigen Baustein darstellt, um Veränderungen des Tragverhaltens bzw. eine zunehmende Schädigung in Form von Spannstahlbrüchen oder Schweißnahtrissen zu erfassen, z. B. [1]. AE zur Detektion von Spannstahlbrüchen empfiehlt sich bei Bauwerken mit spannungsrisskorrosionsempfindlichen Spannstählen, anderweitig korrosions‐ bzw. rissgefährdeten Spannstählen oder auch bei Neubauten, bei denen die Anforderungen an Bauwerksprüfungen nach DIN 1076 oder RIL 804 nicht eingehalten werden können. In diesem Beitrag werden Beispiele für AE‐Monitoring zur Spannstahlbruchdetektion an verschiedenen Bauwerken vorgestellt. Ferner werden Ergebnisse zu gezielt herbeigeführten Spannstahlbrüchen und Schlagbeanspruchung an Bauwerken und an Testkörpern dargestellt, ergänzt um zwei numerische Simulationen der Wellenausbreitung.