bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A homogeneity property for Besov spaces
Authors: Caetano António M. , Lopes Sofia , Triebel Hans
Published: December 2011

A homogeneity property for some Besov spaces is proved. An analogous property for some spaces is already known.
On indirect variational formulations for operator equations1
Authors: Budotchkina Svetlana A. , Savchin Vladimir M.
Published: December 2011

A scheme for the construction of indirect variational formulations for a wide class of equations is suggested.
Bloch‐type space of temperature functions on a finite cylinder
Authors: López-García Marcos
Published: December 2011

We define the Bloch‐type space as the linear space of temperature functions on the cylinder such that sup⁡(x,t)∈T⁡, ΩT = [0,2] × (0, T); we prove that , where b1(ST) is the Bergman space of temperature functions on ST belonging to L1(ΩT, dxdt).
A new class of linear operators on ℓ2 and Schur multipliers for them
Authors: Marcoci Anca-Nicoleta , Marcoci Liviu-Gabriel
Published: December 2011

We introduce the space of linear (unbounded) operators on which map decreasing sequences from into sequences from and we find some classes of operators belonging either to or to the space of all Schur multipliers on . For instance we show that the space of all bounded operators on is contained in the space of all Schur multipliers on .
A criterion of weak compactness for operators on subspaces of Orlicz spaces
Authors: Lefèvre Pascal , Li Daniel , Queffélec Hervé , Rodríguez-Piazza Luis
Published: December 2011

We give a criterion of weak compactness for the operators on the Morse‐Transue space MΨ, the subspace of the Orlicz space LΨ generated by L∞.
On dilation operators and sampling numbers
Authors: Vybíral Jan
Published: December 2011

We consider the dilation operators Tk : f → f(2k.)
in the frame of Besov spaces
with 1 ≤p, q ≤ ∞. If s > 0, Tk is a bounded linear operator from into itself and there are optimal bounds for its norm, see [4, 2.3.1]. We study the situation in the case s = 0, an open problem mentioned also in [4]. It turns out, that new effects based on Littlewood‐Paley theory appear. In the second part of the paper, we apply these results to the study of the so‐called sampling numbers of the embedding , where Ω = (0,1)d. It was observed already in [13] that the estimates from above for the norm of the dilation operator have their immediate counterpart in the estimates from above for the sampling numbers. In this paper we show that even in the limiting case s2 = 0 (left open so far), this general method supplies optimal results.
On the boundedness of operators in LP(ιq) and Triebel‐Lizorkin Spaces
Authors: Boto João Pedro
Published: December 2011

Given a bounded linear operator T : LPO(ℝn) → Lp1(ℝn), we state conditions under which T defines a bounded operator between corresponding pairs of Lp(ℝn; ιq) spaces and Triebel‐Lizorkin spaces . Applications are given to linear parabolic equations and to Schrödinger semigroups.
Volterra composition operators from generalized weighted weighted Bergman spaces to µ‐Bloch spaces
Authors: Zhu Xiangling
Published: December 2011

Let φ be a holomorphic self‐map and g be a fixed holomorphic
function on the unit ball B. The boundedness and compactness of the operator from the generalized weighted Bergman space into the µ‐Bloch space are studied
in this paper.
Extended Cesáro operators between generalized Besov spaces and Bloch type spaces in the unit ball
Authors: Zhou Ze-Hua , Zhu Min
Published: December 2011

Let 𝑔 be a holomorphic of the unit ball B in the n‐dimensional
complex space, and denote by Tg the extended Cesáro operator with symbol g.
Let 0 < p < +∞, −n − 1 < q < +∞, q > −1 and α > 0, starting with a
brief introduction to well known results about Cesáro operator, we investigate
the boundedness and compactness of Tg between generalized Besov space B(p, q)
and 𝛼α‐ Bloch space ℬα in the unit ball, and also present some necessary and sufficient conditions.
Radial variation in some function spaces
Authors: Walsh David
Published: December 2011

In a previous paper [8] we considered properties of the radial
variation of analytic functions in a class of Besov spaces , s≻0. Here we wish to extend these results to certain related spaces. These are the Lipschitz
classes Λs and the mean Lipschitz classes Λp,s where p ≥ 1, 0≺s≺1. We also
consider , where s = 0, although the results obtained for these are not as
good as when s≻0.
Some new refinements of strengthened Hardy and Pólya–Knopp′s inequalities
Authors: Čižmešija Aleksandra , Hussain Sabir , Pečarić Josip
Published: December 2011

We prove a new general one‐dimensional inequality for convex
functions and Hardy–Littlewood averages. Furthermore, we apply this result to
unify and refine the so‐called Boas′s inequality and the strengthened inequalities
of the Hardy–Knopp–type, deriving their new refinements as special cases of the
obtained general relation. In particular, we get new refinements of strengthened
versions of the well‐known Hardy and Pólya–Knopp′s inequalities.
The Jensen functional equation in non‐Archimedean normed spaces
Authors: Moslehian Mohammad Sal
Published: December 2011

We investigate the Hyers–Ulam–Rassias stability of the Jensen
functional equation in non‐Archimedean normed spaces and study its asymptotic
behavior in two directions: bounded and unbounded Jensen differences. In
particular, we show that a mapping f between non‐Archimedean spaces with
f(0) = 0 is additive if and only if as max {‖x‖, ‖y‖} → ∞.
A Korovkin theorem in multivariate modular function spaces
Authors: Bardaro Carlo , Mantellini Ilaria
Published: December 2011

In this paper a modular version of the classical Korovkin theorem
in multivariate modular function spaces is obtained and applications to some
multivariate discrete and integral operators, acting in Orlicz spaces, are given.
Marcinkiewicz integrals with variable kernels on Hardy and weak Hardy spaces
Authors: Tao Xiangxing , Yu Xiao , Zhang Songyan
Published: December 2011

In this article, we consider the Marcinkiewicz integrals with variable kernels defined by , where for q > 1. We prove that the operator μΩ is bounded from Hardy space, Hp(ℝn), to Lp(ℝn) space; and is bounded from weak Hardy space, Hp,∞(ℝn), to weak Lp(ℝn) space for , if Ω satisfies the L1,α‐Dini condition with any 0 < α ≤ 1.
Lipschitz estimates for the Berezin transform
Authors: Bommier-Hato Hélène
Published: December 2011

We consider the generalized Fock space A2(μm), where μm is the measure with weight e−|z|m, m > 0, with respect to the Lebesgue measure on Cn. Improving upon a recent result of L. Coburn and J. Xia, we show that for any bounded operator X on A2(μm) , the Berezin transform of X satisfies Lipschitz estimates.
Photooxidation Contribution Study on the Decomposition of Azo Dyes in Aqueous Solutions by VUV-Based AOPs
Authors: Ma Chih-Ming , Hong Gui-Bing , Chen Hua-Wei , Hang Nguyen-Thi , Shen Yung-Shuen
Published: December 2011

The effects of pH value, VUV intensity, initial dye concentration, initial H2O2concentration, and TiO2loading dose on the degradation of three azo dyes: acid Orange 8, acid Blue 29, and acid Blue 113 were studied to explore and compare the treatment efficiencies among the adopted AOPs. It was found that pH played an important role in the degradation of dyes using VUV irradiation. For VUV/H2O2, VUV/TiO2, and VUV/TiO2/H2O2processes, the decoloration rates of the three azo dyes were more efficient under acidic conditions relative to alkaline conditions. The degradation rates of dyes increased with increasing concentrations of H2O2, but reaction rates were retarded at high concentrations of H2O2because the H2O2compound acted as a scavenger of the hydroxyl radical. In this paper, three azo dyes were decomposed efficiently by VUV irradiation only demonstrating the effectiveness of VUV direct photolysis.
Thermal Effect on Elastic Waves of Anisotropic Saturated Porous Solid
Authors: Guo S. H.
Published: December 2011

The motion equations of anisotropic media, coupled to the mass conservation and thermoequilibrium equations of fluid, are studied here based on the standard space of physical presentation for thermoelastic dynamics of anisotropic saturated porous solids. By introducing a new compressible thermo‐elastic model, a set of uncoupled equations of elastic waves are deduced. The results show that the elastic waves and speeds of elastic waves are affected by both anisotropic subspaces of solids and thermal and compressive coupling coefficients between fluid and solid. Based on these laws, we discuss the propagation behaviour of elastic waves for various anisotropic solids.
Boundedness of Lusin‐area and gλ* functions on localized Morrey‐Campanato spaces over doubling metric measure spaces
Authors: Lin Haibo , Nakai Eiichi , Yang Dachun
Published: December 2011

Let χ be a doubling metric measure space and ρ an admissible function on χ. In this paper, the authors establish some equivalent characterizations for the localized Morrey‐Campanato spaces and Morrey‐Campanato‐BLO spaces when α ∈ (−∞, 0) and p ∈ [1, ∞). If χ has the volume regularity Property (P), the authors then establish the boundedness of the Lusin‐area function, which is defined via kernels modeled on the semigroup generated by the Schrödinger operator, from to without invoking any regularity of considered kernels. The same is true for the function and, unlike the Lusin‐area function, in this case, χ is even not necessary to have Property (P). These results are also new even for ℝd with the d‐dimensional Lebesgue measure and have a wide applications.
Short-Term Relapse Quantitation as a Fully Surrogate Endpoint for Long-Term Sustained Progression of Disability in RRMS Patients Treated with Natalizumab
Authors: Wang Y. C. , Sandrock A. , Richert J. R. , Meyerson L. , Miao X.
Published: December 2011

Time to sustained worsening in the expanded disability status scale as the standard for evaluating the accumulation of disability has been used as a measure of clinical efficacy in many relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) clinical trials. However, this measurement usually requires a large sample and long-term study to demonstrate the treatment effect. Annualized relapse rate or time to first relapse is also widely used as alternative measurements of clinical efficacy. A formal statistical validation of short-term relapse activity as a surrogate endpoint for long-term sustained progression of disability could potentially permit smaller, shorter, and less expensive clinical trials in RRMS. Four statistical validation/evaluation approaches consistently showed that relapse activity through one year of treatment serves as statistically valid surrogate endpoint for time to sustained progression of disability. The analysis demonstrates that long-term sustained progression of disability can be predicted by short-term relapse measures with 4 consistent validations of statistical approaches, including a formal statistical hypothesis test. This was demonstrated in a large phase III trial of natalizumab and showed that the beneficial clinical effect of natalizumab on sustained progression of disability at 2 years in patients with RRMS can be predicted by the total number of relapses at 1 year.
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis with Concomitant Features of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Tsitsami Elena , Dermentzoglou Vasiliki , Moschovi Mary , Chrousos George P.
Published: December 2011

We report a case of a 13-year-old girl with chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) who developed severe arthritis in four different joints within the first year from the onset of the disease. Her multiple vertebrae lesions showed significant amelioration after a 2-month treatment with prednisolone. In parallel, the initial severe symmetrical arthritis of both knees showing overt synovitis and joint effusion, in the absence of lesions in the metaphyses of the femur or the tibia, responded remarkably well in intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide injections. However, upon discontinuation of prednisolone, the patient developed severe arthritis of her right ankle and the proximal interphalangeal joint of her right middle finger. Thus, prednisolone was reinitiated combined with methotrexate, and the patient went into remission, which persists one year after prednisolone tapering. The appearance of arthritis in both knees in the absence of bone lesions and the emergence of severe arthritis of the ankle after remission of spinal bone lesions suggest that CRMO and juvenile idiopathic arthritis may coexist and be causally related.
Diverse Presentation of Secondary Aortoenteric Fistulae
Authors: Simon Tracey , Feller Edward
Published: December 2011

Secondary aortoenteric fistula, due to mechanical erosion or infection of a prosthetic graft, is a very rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding and an uncommon complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. A retrospective chart review conducted at our institution revealed 5 cases of secondary AEF occurring between 2006 and 2010. Presentations were diverse, including hematemesis, coffee-ground emesis, and unexplained sepsis. Delay in diagnosis was common. In reporting these cases, we seek to highlight the diverse clinical spectrum and potentially misleading features of this condition. Clinicians must retain a high index of suspicion to avoid potentially catastrophic outcomes.
Polycystic Diseases in Visceral Organs
Authors: Abdul-Majeed Shakila , Nauli Surya M.
Published: December 2011

Primary cilia are nonmotile, microtubule-based, antenna-like organelles projecting from the apical surface of most mammalian cells. Elegant studies have established the importance of ciliary structure and function in signal transduction and the sensory roles of cilia in maintaining healthy cellular state. In particular, dysfunctional cilia have been implicated in a large number of diseases mainly characterized by the presence of fluid-filled cysts in various organs. Aside from polycystic kidney disease (PKD), however, the roles of cilia in polycystic liver disease (PLD), polycystic pancreas disease (PPD), and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are still very vague. In addition, although gender and sex hormones are known to regulate cyst formation, their roles in regulating physiological functions of cilia need to be further explored.
Anti-Malassezia-Specific IgE Antibodies Production in Japanese Patients with Head and Neck Atopic Dermatitis: Relationship between the Level of Specific IgE Antibody and the Colonization Frequency of CutaneousMalasseziaSpecies and Clinical Severity
Authors: Zhang Enshi , Tanaka Takafumi , Tajima Mami , Tsuboi Ryoji , Kato Hiroshi , Nishikawa Akemi , Sugita Takashi
Published: December 2011

Atopic dermatitis of the head and neck (HNAD) is recognized as a separate condition.Malassezia, the predominant skin microbiota fungus, is considered to exacerbate atopic dermatitis (AD), especially HNAD. In the present study, we investigated the relationships between the levels of specific IgE antibodies, colonization frequency of eight predominantMalasseziaspecies, and clinical severity in 61 patients with HNAD (26 mild, 24 moderate, and 11 severe cases). As clinical severity increased, the levels of specific IgE antibodies against eightMalasseziaspecies also increased. Species diversity of theMalasseziamicrobiota in scale samples from patients was analyzed by nested PCR using species-specific primers. The clinical severity of HNAD was correlated with the total level of specific IgE antibodies againstMalasseziaspecies and the number ofMalasseziaspecies detected.
Current End-of-Life Care Needs and Care Practices in Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Thurston Amy J. , Wilson Donna M. , Hewitt Jessica A.
Published: December 2011

A descriptive-comparative study was undertaken to examine current end-of-life care needs and practices in hospital. A chart review for all 1,018 persons who died from August 1, 2008 through July 31, 2009 in two full-service Canadian hospitals was conducted. Most decedents were elderly (73.8%) and urbanite (79.5%), and cancer was the most common diagnosis (36.2%). Only 13.8% had CPR performed at some point during this hospitalization and 8.8% had CPR immediately preceding death, with 87.5% having a DNR order and 30.8% providing an advance directive. Most (97.3%) had one or more life-sustaining technologies in use at the time of death. These figures indicate, when compared to those in a similar mid-1990s Canadian study, that impending death is more often openly recognized and addressed. Technologies continue to be routinely but controversially used. The increased rate of end-stage CPR from 2.9% to 8.8% could reflect a 1994+ shift of expected deaths out of hospital.
New Convergence Properties of the Primal Augmented Lagrangian Method
Authors: Zhou Jinchuan , Zhu Xunzhi , Pan Lili , Zhao Wenling
Published: December 2011

New convergence properties of the proximal augmented Lagrangian method is established for continuous nonconvex optimization problem with both equality and inequality constrains. In particular, the multiplier sequences are not required to be bounded. Different convergence results are discussed dependent on whether the iterative sequence {xk} generated by algorithm is convergent or divergent. Furthermore, under certain convexity assumption, we show that every accumulation point of {xk} is either a degenerate point or a KKT point of the primal problem. Numerical experiments are presented finally.
Noise Model Analysis and Estimation of Effect due to Wind Driven Ambient Noise in Shallow Water
Authors: Murugan S. Sakthivel , Natarajan V. , Kumar R. Rajesh
Published: December 2011

Signal transmission in ocean using water as a channel is a challenging process due to attenuation, spreading, reverberation, absorption, and so forth, apart from the contribution of acoustic signals due to ambient noises. Ambient noises in sea are of two types: manmade (shipping, aircraft over the sea, motor on boat, etc.) and natural (rain, wind, seismic, etc.), apart from marine mammals and phytoplanktons. Since wind exists in all places and at all time: its effect plays a major role. Hence, in this paper, we concentrate on estimating the effects of wind. Seven sets of data with various wind speeds ranging from 2.11 m/s to 6.57 m/s were used. The analysis is performed for frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 8 kHz. It is found that a linear relationship between noise spectrum and wind speed exists for the entire frequency range. Further, we developed a noise model for analyzing the noise level. The results of the empirical data are found to fit with results obtained with the aid of noise model.
A Surface Acoustic Wave Ethanol Sensor with Zinc Oxide Nanorods
Authors: Giffney Timothy J. , Ng Y. H. , Aw K. C.
Published: December 2011

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors are a class of piezoelectric MEMS sensors which can achieve high sensitivity and excellent robustness. A surface acoustic wave ethanol sensor using ZnO nanorods has been developed and tested. Vertically oriented ZnO nanorods were produced on a ZnO/128∘ rotated Y-cut LiNbO3 layered SAW device using a solution growth method with zinc nitrate, hexamethylenetriamine, and polyethyleneimine. The nanorods have average diameter of 45 nm and height of 1 μm. The SAW device has a wavelength of 60 um and a center frequency of 66 MHz at room temperature. In testing at an operating temperature of 270 with an ethanol concentration of 2300 ppm, the sensor exhibited a 24 KHz frequency shift. This represents a significant improvement in comparison to an otherwise identical sensor using a ZnO thin film without nanorods, which had a frequency shift of 9 KHz.
Megavoltage X-Ray Imaging Based on Cerenkov Effect: A New Application of Optical Fibres to Radiation Therapy
Authors: Teymurazyan A. , Pang G.
Published: December 2011

A Monte Carlo simulation was used to study imaging and dosimetric characteristics of a novel design of megavoltage (MV) X-ray detectors for radiotherapy applications. The new design uses Cerenkov effect to convert X-ray energy absorbed in optical fibres into light for MV X-ray imaging. The proposed detector consists of a matrix of optical fibres aligned with the incident X rays and coupled to an active matrix flat-panel imager (AMFPI) for image readout. Properties, such as modulation transfer function, detection quantum efficiency (DQE), and energy response of the detector, were investigated. It has been shown that the proposed detector can have a zero-frequency DQE more than an order of magnitude higher than that of current electronic portal imaging device (EPID) systems and yet a spatial resolution comparable to that of video-based EPIDs. The proposed detector is also less sensitive to scattered X rays from patients than current EPIDs.
Infertility and Adenomyosis
Authors: Campo Sebastiano , Campo Vincenzo , Benagiano Giuseppe
Published: December 2011

Classically, the diagnosis of adenomyosis has only been possible on a hysterectomy specimen, usually in women in their late fourth and fifth decades, and, therefore, evaluating any relationship with infertility was simply not possible. As a consequence, to this day, no epidemiologic data exists linking adenomyosis to a state of subfertility. Today, new imaging techniques have enabled a noninvasive diagnosis at a much earlier time and a number of single-case or small series reports have appeared showing that medical, surgical, or combined treatment can restore fertility in women with adenomyosis, an indirect proof of an association. At the functional level, several anomalies found in the so-called junctional zone, or inner myometrium, in adenomyosis patients have been shown to be associated with poor reproductive performance, mainly through perturbed uterine peristalsis. Additional evidence for an association comes from experimental data: in baboons, adenomyosis is associated with lifelong primary infertility, as well as to endometriosis. Finally, indirect proof comes from studies of the eutopic and ectopic endometrium in women with adenomyosis proving the existence of an altered endometrial function and receptivity. In conclusion, sufficient indirect proof exists linking adenomyosis to infertility to warrant systematic clinical studies.
A Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ochratoxin A Inhalational Exposure Associated with Human Illness and Kidney Disease including Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Hope Janette H. , Hope Bradley E.
Published: December 2011

Ochratoxin A (OTA) exposure via ingestion and inhalation has been described in the literature to cause kidney disease in both animals and humans. This paper reviews Ochratoxin A and its relationship to human health and kidney disease with a focus on a possible association with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in humans. Prevention and treatment strategies for OTA-induced illness are also discussed, including cholestyramine, a bile-acid-binding resin used as a sequestrant to reduce the enterohepatic recirculation of OTA.
Resistance to Selective BRAF Inhibition Can Be Mediated by Modest Upstream Pathway Activation
Authors: Su Fei , Bradley William D. , Wang Qiongqing , Yang Hong , Xu Lizhong , Higgins Brian , Kolinsky Kenneth , Packman Kathryn , Kim Min Jung , Trunzer Kerstin , Lee Richard J. , Schostack Kathleen , Carter Jade , Albert Thomas , Germer Soren , Rosinski Jim , Martin Mitchell , Simcox Mary Ellen , Lestini Brian , Heimbrook David , Bollag Gideon
Published: December 2011

A high percentage of patients with BRAFV600E mutant melanomas respond to the selective RAF inhibitor vemurafenib (RG7204, PLX4032) but resistance eventually emerges. To better understand the mechanisms of resistance, we used chronic selection to establish BRAFV600E melanoma clones with acquired resistance to vemurafenib. These clones retained the V600E mutation and no second-site mutations were identified in the BRAF coding sequence. Further characterization showed that vemurafenib was not able to inhibit extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, suggesting pathway reactivation. Importantly, resistance also correlated with increased levels of RAS-GTP, and sequencing of RAS genes revealed a rare activating mutation in KRAS, resulting in a K117N change in the KRAS protein. Elevated levels of CRAF and phosphorylated AKT were also observed. In addition, combination treatment with vemurafenib and either a MAP/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor or an AKT inhibitor synergistically inhibited proliferation of resistant cells. These findings suggest that resistance to BRAFV600E inhibition could occur through several mechanisms, including elevated RAS-GTP levels and increased levels of AKT phosphorylation. Together, our data implicate reactivation of the RAS/RAF pathway by upstream signaling activation as a key mechanism of acquired resistance to vemurafenib, in support of clinical studies in which combination therapy with other targeted agents are being strategized to combat resistance. Cancer Res; 72(4); 969–78. ©2011 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: Hypoxia Response in Immune Cells Fighting or Promoting Cancer
Authors: Palazón Asis , Aragonés Julián , Morales-Kastresana Aizea , de Landázuri Manuel Ortiz , Melero Ignacio
Published: December 2011

Both malignant and stromal components in tumors are influenced by the physiologic conditions of the microenvironment. Hypoxia is a prominent feature of solid tumors as a result of defective vascularization and intense metabolic activity. The gene-expression control mechanisms that adapt tissues to hypoxia are exploited by tumors to promote angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. The functions of infiltrating immune cells (macrophages and lymphocytes) and other stromal components are also influenced by a limited O2 supply. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are the main molecular transcriptional mediators in the hypoxia response. The degradation and activity of HIF-1α and HIF-2α are tightly controlled by the fine-tuned action of oxygen-sensing prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylase enzymes. Recent evidence indicates that hypoxia can modulate the differentiation and function of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells, skewing their cytokine-production profiles and modifying the expression of costimulatory receptors. This conceivably includes tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Hypoxia not only directly affects tumor-infiltrating leukocytes but also exerts effects on tumor cells and vascular cells that indirectly cause selective chemokine-mediated recruitment of suppressive and proangiogenic T-cell subsets. This review focuses on changes induced by hypoxia in immune cells infiltrating solid malignancies. Such changes may either promote or fight cancer, and thus are important for immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 18(5); 1207–13. ©2011 AACR.
Molecular Pathways: Involvement of Helicobacter pylori–Triggered Inflammation in the Formation of an Epigenetic Field Defect, and Its Usefulness as Cancer Risk and Exposure Markers
Authors: Ushijima Toshikazu , Hattori Naoko
Published: December 2011

Infection-associated cancers account for a large proportion of human cancers, and gastric cancer, the vast majority of which is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, is a typical example of such cancers. Epigenetic alterations are known to occur frequently in gastric cancers, and H. pylori infection has now been shown to induce aberrant DNA methylation in gastric mucosae. Accumulation of aberrant methylation in gastric mucosae produces a field for cancerization, and methylation levels correlate with gastric cancer risk. H. pylori infection induces methylation of specific genes, and such specificity is determined by the epigenetic status in normal cells, including the presence of H3K27me3 and RNA polymerase II (active or stalled). Specific types of inflammation, such as that induced by H. pylori infection, are important for methylation induction, and infiltration of monocytes appears to be involved. The presence of an epigenetic field defect is not limited to gastric cancers and is observed in various types of cancers. It provides translational opportunities for cancer risk diagnosis incorporating life history, assessment of past exposure to carcinogenic factors, and cancer prevention. Clin Cancer Res; 18(4); 923–9. ©2011 AACR.
Increasing Potential of HER3 Signaling in Colon Cancer Progression and Therapy
Authors: Gespach Christian
Published: December 2011

HER3 protein levels at the cancer cell plasma membrane are directly correlated with reduced survival in patients with colorectal cancer. In colorectal cancer cells, HER3 blockade restricted cellular growth (G2–M arrest), survival, migration, and invasion, and potentiated the chemotherapeutic effect of 5-FU, supporting strategies that target HER3 in subsets of patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 18(4); 917–9. ©2011 AACR.
Parental Eczema Increases the Risk of Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Reactions to Milk but Not to Egg, Peanut or Hazelnut
Authors: van den Berg Marten E. , Flokstra-de Blok Bertine M.J. , Vlieg-Boerstra Berber J. , Kerkhof Marjan , van der Heide Sicco , Koppelman Gerard H. , Postma Dirkje S. , Dubois Anthony E.J.
Published: December 2011

Background: While genetic factors are known to be important in the development of sensitization to foods, it is not known whether they also play a role in clinical allergic reactivity to foods. Objective: We aimed to determine whether parental atopic diseases are associated with a higher risk of a reaction to common allergenic foods when tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). Methods: Parents of children suspected of being food allergic were interviewed about their own and their child’s atopic history. Specific IgE and skin prick tests to food allergens and the outcome of food challenges in the child were recorded. Results: Data from 553 double-blind food challenges performed in 396 children were analyzed. The foods tested were milk (n = 185), egg (n = 110), peanut (n = 198) and hazelnut (n = 60). Only parental eczema was significantly associated with positive outcomes for food challenges with milk after correction for age, sex, atopic comorbidity in the child and milk-specific IgE test results (odds ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 1.5–6.3). Conclusions: Children with a positive DBPCFC to milk more frequently have parents with eczema than children with a negative test. This effect of parental eczema was not seen in children challenged with egg, peanut or hazelnut. Clinical reactivity to milk may be caused by genetic factors which are shared with parental eczema to a greater extent than clinical reactivity to other foods.
Long-Segment Type 1 Split Cord Malformation with Two-Level Split Cord Malformation and a Single Dural Sac at the Lower Split
Authors: Singh Pankaj Kumar , Khandelwal Ashutosh , Singh Ajit , Ailawadhi Pankaj , Gupta Deepak , Mahapatra A.K.
Published: December 2011

Objective and Importance: Two-level bony spurs are rare and also a very long segment of bony spur is very rare. Bony spur with a single dural covering is not reported in the literature. Here, we report a case of prophylactic surgery performed on a patient with a bony spur with a single dural covering who showed a good postoperative outcome. This case highlights the importance of prophylactic surgery in such patients to avoid cord injuries. Clinical Presentation: Since birth a 1-year-old child had had a tuft of hair at the dorsal (D6 and D7) region. The patient was examined and found to have scoliosis with convexity towards the right. There was no neurological deficit. MRI and CT spine scans showed 2-level type 1 split cord malformation (SCM) and there was a low-lying conus at the L3–4 level. Intervention: The patient was operated on at the age of 1 year and 2 separate bony septae were observed. The upper one extended from D5 to D9 and the lower one was at the D11 level. The bony spurs were excised. The filum was sectioned at the L4–5 level by a separate incision. The patient had a good postoperative recovery. Conclusion: With meticulous planning and careful surgery, prophylactic surgery can have a very good outcome in long-segment and two-level type 1 SCM.
Clinical Outcome of Twice-Weekly Hemodialysis Patients in Shanghai
Authors: Lin Xinghui , Yan Yucheng , Ni Zhaohui , Gu Leyi , Zhu Mingli , Dai Huili , Zhang Weiming , Qian Jiaqi
Published: December 2011

Background: Twice-weekly hemodialysis (HD) is prevalent in the developing countries and the clinical outcome of this population remains to be elucidated. Methods: Data were collected from Shanghai Renal Registry. 2,572 patients undergoing regular HD in Shanghai on January 2007 were enrolled into the cohort study with 2 years’ follow-up. Clinical and HD parameters obtained from the network were utilized to compare twice-weekly with thrice-weekly HD. Results: Compared with patients on thrice-weekly HD, the twice-weekly HD patients were significantly younger and had significantly longer HD session time, higher single-pool Kt/V (spKt/V) but shorter HD vintage (p < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that the two groups had similar survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, body mass index, serum albumin and weekly Kt/V were predictors of patient mortality. Conclusions: The similar survival between twice-weekly HD and thrice-weekly HD is likely relating to patient selection; dialysis adequacy of twice-weekly HD remains to be elucidated.
Ventricular Arrhythmias Among Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Recipients for Primary Prevention
Authors: Nombela-Franco Luis , Mitroi Cristina D. , Fernández-Lozano Ignacio , García-Touchard Arturo , Toquero Jorge , Castro-Urda Victor , Fernández-Diaz Jose A. , Perez-Pereira Elena , Beltrán-Correas Paula , Segovia Javier , Werner Gerald S. , Javier Goicolea , Luis Alonso-Pulpón
Published: December 2011

Background—

An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is the therapy of choice for primary prevention in patients with ischemia who are at risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). One third of patients with significant coronary disease have chronic total coronary occlusion (CTO), which is associated with long-term mortality in patients with previous myocardial infarction. However, the impact of CTO on the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias and long-term mortality in ICD recipients remains unknown.

Methods and Results—

All consecutive patients with coronary artery disease receiving ICD therapy for the prevention of SCD were included in the study. Among other characteristics, the existence of CTO was assessed. During follow-up, the occurrence of appropriate device delivery because of ventricular arrhythmias as well as mortality were noted. A total of 162 patients (mean age, 62±9 years; 93% men) with an ICD were included and followed for a median of 26 months (interquartile range, 12–42). At least 1 CTO was present in 71 (44%) patients. Appropriate device therapy was detected in 18% of the patients during the follow-up. The presence of CTO was associated with higher ventricular arrhythmia and mortality rates (log-rank test, <0.01). Multivariable analysis revealed that CTO was independently associated with appropriate ICD intervention (hazard ratio, 3.5;
P
=0.003).

Conclusions—

In patients with ischemic heart disease receiving ICDs for primary prevention of SCD, CTO is an independent predictor for the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias and has an adverse impact on long-term mortality.
Cotton Textile Manufacture and Marketing in Late Imperial China and the ‘Great Divergence’
Authors: Zurndorfer Harriet T.
Published: December 2011

Abstract

By 1800 cotton cloth was China’s most important domestic trade commodity after grain. This paper reviews the history of cotton textile production in the Jiangnan region (or Lower Yangzi River area) where it thrived from 1300 to 1830, and discusses the factors contributing to its commercialization. It reveals the impact of the Ming and Qing governments in its institutionalization, and how the social organization of the industry was framed around the household economy and women’s labor. This essay also documents the problems that cotton production and marketing encountered by the end of the eighteenth century, and demonstrates how the recent debates about the ‘great divergence’ and the nature of the Chinese political economy resonate in the history of China’s cotton textile enter-prise. Finally, it shows how in the first decades of the nineteenth century, empire-wide demographic and environmental constraints brought economic stasis to Jiangnan’s cotton industry.
Circulations and Qualities of Political Elites
Authors: Higley John
Published: December 2011

Abstract

Circulations and qualities of political elites are subjects of abiding interest in comparative political sociology. Pairs of articles in this issue examine (1) long-term circulations of parliamentary elites in Norway, Denmark, and other Nordic countries; (2) changing compositions of ministerial and parliamentary elites in Spain and Russia since both countries transited from authoritarian rule; (3) personality traits of German parliamentary elites, compared with those of the German adult population, and proclivities of American and British elites since World War II. This introduction compares and contrasts the three pairs of articles with previous comparative studies of political elites.
Ascent of the Young, the Smart, and the Professional: Norway’s Parliamentary Elite in Comparative Perspective
Authors: Narud Hanne Marthe
Published: December 2011

Abstract

A main feature of Norway’s parliamentary elite in recent decades has been its dramatically increasing proportion of young, highly educated, and professional politicians – MPs whose previous careers have been almost wholly in party work. Whether this trend is connected to the financial support parties receive from the Norwegian state is an interesting question because state support has increased and enabled parties to hire more people to work for them. Consequently, the pool from which professional politicians can be recruited to parliament has expanded. There are, however, other important bases of parliamentary elite circulation in Norway: quotas for female candidates and MPs in some parties; geographic representation; strong controls on candidate selection by county and local party branches. I assess these patterns longitudinally in parliamentary elections during the past 60 years and comparatively as regards relevant changes in other Nordic parliaments.
The Depth of Parliamentary Elite Circulation: Long-Term Trends and Critical Elections in Denmark
Authors: Kjaer Ulrik
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This article argues that studies of parliamentary elite circulation should not focus exclusively on raw turnover rates, which pertain mostly to the entry and exit of new members of parliament. Studies should also pay attention to the circulation that goes on below the surface, i.e., circulation of long-standing and senior MPs – what might be termed the “depth” of parliamentary elite circulation. I develop an analytical tool for measuring the depth of circulation and use it to test the hypothesis that at “critical” parliamentary elections the pattern of parliamentary circulation is concentrated on seniors as well as newcomers. I then use this tool to analyze circulation of the Danish parliamentary elite during the past 150 years. If only gross turnover rates are studied, it appears that the elite has become increasingly open. But trends in the depth of circulation reveal a more complex pattern, requiring a more nuanced assessment of parliamentary elite dynamics.
Ministerial and Parliamentary Elites in Multilevel Spain 1977–2009
Authors: Rodríguez-Teruel Juan
Published: December 2011

Abstract

In decentralized European parliamentary democracies future governing elites often acquire political experience and attain top positions by passing through sub-national political institutions. In doing so, elites circumvent and reduce the importance of national parliaments. Previous research has advanced several explanations for this pattern: Europe's tradition of bureaucratic government; parties with open methods for selecting parliamentary candidates; the “presidentialization” and Europeanization of national political systems. Since its transition to democracy in 1977, Spain has had an exceptionally small proportion of former MPs in its national cabinets. I employ data for Spanish ministers between 1977–2009 demonstrating the passage of a large proportion of cabinet ministers through local and regional government levels rather than the national parliament, the Cortes Generales. I show that multilevel rather than parliamentary political careers characterize ministerial elite recruitment, and I discuss the consequences for Spain's parliamentary democracy.
Aristocratic Burial-Mound Bliznets-2 on the West Bank of the Dnieper above the Rapids
Authors: Romashko Vladimir , Skorÿï Sergeï
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This article is devoted to the Bliznets-2 Burial-mound which is one of the largest Scythian funerary monuments of the 5th century BC and which was excavated on the southern edge of the town of Dnepropetrovsk in 2007. Along with the structural features of the burial-mound, the funerary rite and range of artefacts discovered in it are analysed. The role of the monument among the Scythian élite burial-mounds in the North Pontic region is defined and certain aspects of the dynastic history of the Scythians are discussed.
Gandharan Toilet-Trays: Some Reflections on Chronology
Authors: Lo Muzio Ciro
Published: December 2011

Abstract

A thorough investigation on Gandharan toilet-trays, taking into consideration archaeological, social and religious data along with iconographic, stylistic and technical issues, is still to be done. The following notes are mainly aimed at suggesting a new perspective in the chronology of these fascinating finds, which, according to an apparently unshakable assumption, have been and are still considered as a bridge linking the Hellenistic (i.e. Greco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek) period and the threshold of the Kushan epoch. Toilet-trays are commonly thought of as a pre-Gandharan (and pre-Buddhist) chapter in the art of the North-West of the Indian Subcontinent or a preparatory as well as experimental stage (2nd and 1st centuries BCE) of Gandharan sculpture in its proper sense (from the 1st century CE onwards). G. Erdosy’s reconsideration of the archaeological data yielded by J. Marshall’s excavations at Sirkap, and the chronological shift deriving from it, indicate that the picture sketched above might not be the right one: since a major percent of Sirkap toilet-trays is very likely to be dated into the 1st or even the early 2nd century CE, we are compelled to re-evaluate their relationship with Gandharan art.
Diaspora Cartography: On the Rabbinic Background of Contemporary Ritual Eruv Practice
Authors: Fonrobert Charlotte Elisheva
Published: December 2011

Abstract

This essay takes as its starting point the observation that the earliest manifestation of the regulations concerning the eruv (hatzerot) can be found in the Mishnah (late second or early third century C.E.). A careful reading of the early rabbinic texts demonstrates that the eruv shapes a community’s relationship to the local space it inhabits in significant ways that are predicated neither on ownership nor on control over that space. Rather, that relationship is based on a set of negotiations with those who share the space, in rabbinic times predominantly neighbors, and later also jurisdictions. Further, as a tool of drawing symbolic Jewish maps, the rabbinic eruv enhances the concept of multidimensionality of space, as one map—a rabbinic map—of signification is superimposed on space without control over it. As such, the eruv is quintessentially the product of a diaspora imagination, not merely in a historical sense of a post-70 C.E. reality, but in the political sense of inhabiting a space that is shared with and even controlled by others.
All Rise
Authors: Aylon Helène
Published: December 2011

Abstract

The performance artist Helène Aylon has, for decades, done groundbreaking work in giving artistic expression to the difficult, contradictory position of the observant Jewish feminist. Aylon is perhaps best known for the first of her series, The G-d Project. The Liberation of G-d (1996) was an installation of bibles with pieces of translucent parchment covering the individual pages. By hand, she highlighted the passages on each page where women were being hidden, rejected, or excluded. The sound of the parchment and the labor involved were part of the project, as well as the thick books, which grew to twice their original size in the course of the work, in spite of the fact that the women’s efforts consisted of highlighting their own exclusion. In this extract from her memoir, Whatever is Contained Must be Released: My Orthodox Jewish Girlhood—My Life as a Feminist Artist,she discusses the last of the series, All Rise. The memoir will be published by The Feminist Press is planned for April, 2012.-ed.
Análisis de la influencia de la interdependencia y la potencia grupal en la eficacia de los equipos de trabajo en contextos sanitarios
Authors: Mena Banesa , Barrasa Angel , Gil Francisco
Published: December 2011

A través de este estudio se intenta analizar el efecto modulador de la potencia grupal sobre la relación entre la interdependencia (de tarea y de metas) y la eficacia de los equipos de trabajo. Se parte de la hipótesis de que aquellos equipos de trabajo con altos niveles de interdependencia serán más eficaces, siempre y cuando sus puntuaciones en potencia grupal sean también elevadas. A partir de una muestra de 318 participantes pertenecientes a 67 equipos de trabajo sanitarios de hospitales, se demuestra una relación directa y positiva entre interdependencia y eficacia de los equipos de trabajo. Sin embargo, la potencia grupal no se relaciona de manera significativa con la efectividad grupal. Se discuten las posibles implicaciones teóricas y sus aplicaciones, además de futuras líneas de investigación sobre los procesos grupales emergentes en equipos de trabajo.
Organisational contexts that foster positive behaviour and well-being: A comparison between family-owned firms and non-family businesses
Authors: Ceja Lucia , Escartín Jordi , Rodríguez-Carballeira Álvaro
Published: December 2011

This study seeks to extend the three-way model of mobbing by emphasising the positive influence of the organisational context on employee behaviour (i. e. more altruism, less mobbing and more perceived job performance) and well-being (i. e. more work engagement and more job satisfaction), comparing family-owned firms (FB) and non-family businesses (NFB). A total of 10 organisations (5 FB and 5 NFB) composed the final sample. The associations between the different study variables were assessed through several analyses (MCA, chi-square and Pearson correlation). The results revealed that, as compared to non-family firms, family-owned businesses are perceived as having a balanced task/employee organisational focus; and as being associated with higher levels of altruistic behaviours, work engagement, job satisfaction, and lower levels of mobbing.
Obituario: John C. Turner
Authors: Morales J. Francisco
Published: December 2011

Se describe la aportación de John C. Turner (1947–2011) al desarrollo de la Psicología Social contemporánea. Se hace hincapié en su capacidad de innovación en investigación y teorización, que cristalizó en la formulación de dos teorías nucleares de la disciplina: la Teoría de la Identidad Social y la Teoría de la Categorización del Yo. Se concluye que su trabajo ha conseguido renovar el área de los grupos y ofrecer una alternativa estructurada al área de la cognición social.