bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Compliance of the Velumount® Palatal Device
Authors: Zehnder Jonas , Tschopp Kurt Peter
Published: September 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term compliance of the Velumount® palatal device. Methods: This was a cohort study: 46 patients who received a Velumount device three years previously were enrolled. A questionnaire was sent to all patients. The data of 43 patients (93%) could be evaluated. Results: Seventeen (40%) patients used the Velumount device regularly (>5 nights per week). However, 24 (56%) abandoned its use, 1 (2%) used it only occasionally (1-2 nights/week) and 1 (2%) used it only on special occasions. The main reasons for discontinuing Velumount were gag reflex (36%) and foreign body sensation (20%). Conclusions: The long-term compliance of the Velumount is 40%. Those patients who tolerate Velumount well use it regularly at least 5 nights per week. The Velumount palatal device is a valuable treatment option in counseling for patients with primary snoring or mild obstructive sleep apnea.
Secondary Prevention of New Vascular Events with Lifestyle Intervention in Patients with Noncardioembolic Mild Ischemic Stroke: A Single-Center Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kono Yuji , Yamada Sumio , Yamaguchi Junko , Hagiwara Yuta , Iritani Naoki , Ishida Shimpei , Araki Amane , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Sakakibara Hisataka , Koike Yasuo
Published: September 2013

Background: Lifestyle modification is associated with a substantially decreased risk of cardiovascular events. However, the role of lifestyle intervention for secondary prevention in patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke is inadequately defined. We assessed the hypothesis that lifestyle intervention can reduce the onset of new vascular events in patients with noncardioembolic mild ischemic stroke. Methods: We conducted an observer-blind randomized controlled trial that enrolled 70 patients (48 men, mean age 63.5 years) with acute noncardioembolic mild ischemic stroke. The patients were allocated in equal numbers to a lifestyle intervention group or a control group. We performed lifestyle interventions, which comprised exercise training, salt restriction and nutrition advice for 24 weeks. Then all patients were prospectively followed up for occurrence of the primary endpoints, including hospitalization due to stroke recurrence and the onset of other vascular events. We also evaluated systolic blood pressure (SBP) at the clinic and at home, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) to compare the efficacy of the lifestyle interventions. Results: This trial was terminated earlier than expected because of the prespecified early stopping rule for efficacy. After the 24-week intervention period, the intervention group showed a significant increase in daily physical activity and a significant decrease in salt intake (physical activity, p = 0.012; salt intake, p < 0.001), with a significant difference between the randomized groups (physical activity, p < 0.001; salt intake, p = 0.018). Similarly, blood pressure was decreased and the HDL-C levels were increased in the intervention group (SBP, p < 0.001; HDL-C, p = 0.018), with significant differences between the randomized groups (SBP, p < 0.001; HDL-C, p = 0.022). In contrast, LDL-C, HbA1c and hs-CRP tended to decrease in the intervention group, but this decrease did not achieve significance. After a median follow-up period of 2.9 years, 12 patients allocated to the control group and 1 patient in the lifestyle intervention group experienced at least 1 vascular event. A sequential plans analysis indicated the superiority of the lifestyle intervention in interim analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves after the log-rank test showed a significant prognostic difference between the randomized groups (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Lifestyle intervention with appropriate medication is beneficial for reducing the incidence of new vascular events and improving vascular risk factors in patients with noncardioembolic mild ischemic stroke.
Significance of Interdialytic Weight Gain versus Chronic Volume Overload: Consensus Opinion
Authors: Hecking Manfred , Karaboyas Angelo , Antlanger Marlies , Saran Rajiv , Wizemann Volker , Chazot Charles , Rayner Hugh , Hörl Walter H. , Pisoni Ronald L. , Robinson Bruce M. , Sunder-Plassmann Gere , Moissl Ulrich , Kotanko Peter , Levin Nathan W. , Säemann Marcus D. , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Port Friedrich K. , Wabel Peter
Published: September 2013

Predialysis volume overload is the sum of interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and residual postdialysis volume overload. It results mostly from failure to achieve an adequate volume status at the end of the dialysis session. Recent developments in bioimpedance spectroscopy and possibly relative plasma volume monitoring permit noninvasive volume status assessment in hemodialysis patients. A large proportion of patients have previously been shown to be chronically volume overloaded predialysis (defined as >15% above ‘normal' extracellular fluid volume, equivalent to >2.5 liters on average), and to exhibit a more than twofold increased mortality risk. By contrast, the magnitude of the mortality risk associated with IDWG is much smaller and only evident with very large weight gains. Here we review the available evidence on volume overload and IDWG, and question the use of IDWG as an indicator of ‘nonadherence' by describing its association with postdialysis volume depletion. We also demonstrate the relationship between IDWG, volume overload and predialysis serum sodium concentration, and comment on salt intake. Discriminating between volume overload and IDWG will likely lead to a more appropriate management of fluid withdrawal during dialysis. Consensually, the present authors agree that this discrimination should be among the primary goals for dialysis caretakers today. In consequence, we recommend objective measures of volume status beyond mere evaluations of IDWG.
The Evolution of Personality in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Donati A. , Studer J. , Petrillo S. , Pocnet C. , Popp J. , Rossier J. , von Gunten A.
Published: September 2013

Aims: To describe personality traits and their changes in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and control subjects. Methods: Sixty-three MCI and 90 control subjects were asked to describe their current personality traits by the Structured Interview for the Five-Factor Model (SIFFM). For each subject, a close relative retrospectively assessed these descriptions both as to the previous and current personality traits, using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, Form R (NEO-PI-R). Results: Self-assessed MCI subjects reported significantly lower scores in the openness dimension than control subjects [F(1, 150) = 9.84, p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.06]. In current observer ratings, MCI subjects had higher scores on neuroticism [F(1, 137) = 7.55, p = 0.007, ηp2 = 0.05] and lower ones on extraversion [F(1, 137) = 6.40, p = 0.013, ηp2 = 0.04], openness [F(1, 137) = 9.93, p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.07], agreeableness [F(1, 137) = 10.18, p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.07] and conscientiousness [F(1, 137) = 25.96, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.16]. Previous personality traits discriminated the groups as previous openness [odds ratio (OR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95-0.99, p = 0.014] and conscientiousness (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.94-0.98, p = 0.001) were negatively related to MCI group membership. In MCI subjects, conscientiousness [F(1, 137) = 19.20, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.12] and extraversion [F(1, 137) = 22.27, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.14] decreased between previous and current evaluations and neuroticism increased [F(1, 137) = 22.23, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.14], whereas no significant change was found in control subjects. Conclusions: MCI subjects undergo significant personality changes. Thus, personality assessment may aid the early detection of dementia.
The Reality of Aging Viewed from the Arterial Wall
Authors: Park Jeong Bae , Park Sungha
Published: September 2013

An exclusive interview conducted by Professors Jeong Bae Park and Sungha Park with Dr. Edward Lakatta in Seoul while he was visiting for the Pulse of Asia 2013 in Seoul. In this interview, Dr. Lakatta explains and describes vascular aging and aging.
Physiology and Pharmacology of Plerixafor
Authors: Fricker Simon P.
Published: September 2013

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is an important therapeutic option for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. The primary source of HSC is from the peripheral blood which requires mobilization from the bone marrow. Current mobilization regimens include cytokines such as G-CSF and/or chemotherapy. However not all patients mobilize enough HSC to proceed to transplant. The chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12 are an integral part of the mechanism of HSC retention in the bone marrow niche. The discovery of plerixafor, a selective inhibitor of CXCR4, has provided a new additional means of mobilizing HSC for autologous transplantation. Plerixafor consists of two cyclam rings with a phenylenebis(methylene) linker. It inhibits CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 and subsequent downstream events including chemotaxis. The molecular interactions of plerixafor have been defined indicating a unique binding mode to CXCR4. Plerixafor rapidly mobilizes HSC within hours compared with the multi-day treatment required by G-CSF in mouse, dog and non-human primate. The mobilized cells once transplanted are capable of timely and endurable engraftment. Additionally CXCR4 has been implicated in the pathology of HIV, inflammatory disease and cancer and the pharmacology of plerixafor in various disease models is described.
The Role of Complementary Medicine in a Pediatric Day Center in Germany
Authors: Weissenstein Anne , Straeter Alexandra , Villalon Gloria , Luchter Elisabeth , Bittmann Stefan
Published: September 2013

Background: The role of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) in pediatrics has considerably increased in the last years. The knowledge about potential side effects and possible interactions with conventional drugs is still limited, and often pediatricians do not know whether their patients use CAM. This can be critical, as in order to diagnose and treat illnesses properly physicians need to know about the full extent of the self-administered therapy of their patients. Many studies have been conducted in other countries in order to assess the extent of CAM use and the types of substances that are consumed, but in Germany data in regard to pediatric interventions are lacking. We therefore developed a questionnaire to evaluate the frequency of CAM use among German pediatric patients. Patients and Methods: 115 parents visiting the pediatric day center in Epe between September and November 2011 responded to the questionnaire. The survey contains questions concerning the prevalence of CAM use and data about socioeconomic factors. Results: A total of 75.7% of all children enrolled in the study had already been treated with CAM by their parents, while only 43.6% of the parents knew that there can be interactions with CAM and prescribed drugs. In only half of the cases (50.6%) the pediatrician knew about the CAM usage of the child. Conclusion: The frequency of CAM usage among children is higher than anticipated. It is essential that pediatricians know about possible interactions with conventional medicine, and it lies in their responsibility to include the question about CAM usage in their standard protocols.
Role of Stress Granules and RNA-Binding Proteins in Neurodegeneration: A Mini-Review
Authors: Vanderweyde Tara , Youmans Katie , Liu-Yesucevitz Liqun , Wolozin Benjamin
Published: September 2013

The eukaryotic stress response involves translational suppression of non-housekeeping proteins and the sequestration of unnecessary mRNA transcripts into stress granules (SGs). This process is dependent on mRNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that interact with capped mRNA transcripts through RNA recognition motifs, and exhibit reversible aggregation through hydrophobic polyglycine domains, some of which are homologous to yeast prion proteins. The activity and aggregation of RBPs appears to be important in the context of unfolded protein diseases. The discovery that mutations in these RBPs can cause familial motoneuron diseases and familial dementias indicates the importance of these genes to neuronal degeneration. Some disorders linked to mutations in RBPs include: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia and spinal muscular atrophy. These RBPs also associate with pathological structures in other neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's chorea, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Interestingly, protein levels of RBPs change across the aging spectrum and may be linked to other age-related disorders, such as type 2 diabetes. The link between SG pathways and proteins linked to neurodegenerative diseases suggests a potential role for common pathways in both processes, such as those involved in translational control, and highlights potentially novel targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.
Evaluation of Amrubicin as a Third or Later Line of Chemotherapy for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Igawa Satoshi , Sasaki Jiichiro , Ishihara Mikiko , Otani Sakiko , Maki Sachiyo , Hiyoshi Yasuhiro , Kasajima Masashi , Katono Ken , Takakura Akira , Masuda Noriyuki
Published: September 2013

Background: Currently, there are no standard cytotoxic treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients beyond third-line therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of amrubicin monotherapy as a salvage treatment in heavily pretreated NSCLC patients. Methods: The records of NSCLC patients who received amrubicin monotherapy as a third or later line of chemotherapy at a Kitasato University Hospital between January 2009 and December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Amrubicin was administered to patients by intravenous injection at a dose of 35 or 40 mg/m2 daily on 3 consecutive days, and cycles were repeated at 3-week intervals. Results: There were 36 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Their median number of prior chemotherapy treatments was 4 (range 2-7), and the median number of chemotherapy cycles per patient was 4 (range 1-9). Grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicities included neutropenia (61.1%), leukopenia (58.3%), thrombocytopenia (22.2%) and anemia (11.1%). Febrile neutropenia occurred in 8 patients (22.2%). Nonhematologic toxicities were mild. The overall response rate, median progression-free survival time and median survival time were 8.3%, 1.7 months, and 6.3 months, respectively. Progression-free survival time was the same, i.e. 1.7 months in both groups i.e. the 35- and the 40-mg/m2-dose groups. Conclusion: Amrubicin exhibits modest activity and acceptable toxicity when used as a third or later line of chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC.
Outcome after Introduction of Complete Mesocolic Excision for Colon Cancer Is Similar for Open and Laparoscopic Surgical Treatments
Authors: Storli Kristian E. , Søndenaa Karl , Furnes Bjørg , Eide Geir Egil
Published: September 2013

Background: Complete mesocolic excision (CME) and a high (apical) vascular tie may improve oncologic outcome after surgery for colon cancer. Our primary aim was to emulate a previous national result of 73.8% overall survival (OS) with both the open and laparoscopic techniques. Methods: A prospective study of radical colon cancer was initiated in a Norwegian community teaching hospital in 2007 and comprised a consecutive group of 251 patients with TNM stages I-III that had surgery according to the CME principle. Oncological outcome was assessed as OS, disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), as well as time to recurrence (TTR), using Cox regression analysis. Results: In-hospital mortality was 3.6%, 2.3% for laparoscopic surgery and 4.9% for open management. Significantly more patients in the open CME group developed complications in the short term (p < 0.001). Twelve or more lymph nodes were retrieved from 82.9% (208/251) of the specimens. Overall 3-year OS was 84.5%, DFS 77.4%, CSS 91.5% and TTR 86.8%. The surgical approach was not a significant predictor for any of the survival parameters. Conclusions: There was no survival difference between open and laparoscopic CME colonic resections, and the present OS improved from a previous OS from 2000.
Ear Acupressure for Smoking Cessation: Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Anthony L. , Di Yuan Ming , Worsnop Christopher , May Brian H. , Xue Charlie C.L.
Published: September 2013

Background: Smoking is the largest preventable cause of death and disease worldwide but smokers often fail to quit due to nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Current available pharmaceutical therapies may assist with smoking cessation but may have side effects. Ear acupressure (EAP) and ear acupuncture have been used for smoking cessation, and some positive results have been reported. The aim of the study is to assess the efficacy and safety of EAP in assisting individuals to quit smoking and/or support them in the management of nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Methods: This study will be a randomised, single-blind, sham-controlled study conducted at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia. Adult smokers will be randomly assigned to receive EAP specifically for smoking cessation or nonspecific EAP treatments. After a 2-week run-in, participants will be treated once a week for 8 weeks and followed up for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures will be 7 day point-prevalence cessation rate by self-report validated by expired carbon monoxide and nicotine withdrawal symptoms measured by the Mood and Physical Symptoms Score questionnaire. Secondary outcomes will be self-reported usage of nicotine replacement therapies, cigarette consumption, body weight change and quality of life. The safety end point will be self-reported adverse events associated with EAP. Intention-to-treat analysis will be applied. Discussion: Findings from this study will determine if this EAP intervention alone can be an effective and safe therapy to assist with smoking cessation and the management of nicotine withdrawal symptoms.
Comparative Effects of Carbohydrate versus Fat Restriction on Serum Levels of Adipocytokines, Markers of Inflammation, and Endothelial Function among Women with the Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Cross-Over Clinical Trial
Authors: Rajaie Somayeh , Azadbakht Leila , Saneei Parvaneh , Khazaei Majid , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad
Published: September 2013

Background and Aims: Despite the efficacy of low-carbohydrate diets in the management of metabolic syndrome (MetS), it remains unknown if these favorable effects are mediated through changes in inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. We aimed to assess the effects of moderate substitution of dietary fats for carbohydrates on serum levels of adipocytokines, inflammatory indices, and biomarkers of endothelial function among women with the MetS. Methods: In a randomized cross-over clinical trial, 30 overweight or obese (BMI >25) women with the MetS were randomly allocated to follow either a high-carbohydrate (HC) (60-65% carbohydrates, 20-25% fats) diet or a moderately restricted carbohydrate (MRC) (43-47% carbohydrate, 36-40% fats) diet, each for 6 weeks. After a 2-week washout period, individuals were switched to the alternate diet for an additional 6 weeks. In a fasted state, markers of inflammation [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), high-sensitivity interleukin-6 (hs-IL-6), high-sensitivity tumor necrosis factor-α (hs-TNF-α), and serum amyloid A (SAA)], endothelial function [E-selectin, serum intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), and serum vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1)], and adipocytokines (leptin and adiponectin) were measured in both study arms at baseline and after 6 weeks. Results: Consumption of an HC diet was associated with increased levels of SAA (3.27 ± 1.22 μg/ml) and decreased levels of adiponectin (-1.68 ± 2.30 ng/ml), while consumption of an MRC diet did not result in such unfavorable effects. Serum concentrations of leptin were reduced by the HC diet (p = 0.02), while they were not affected by the MRC diet. Changes in serum leptin levels were not significant between the two diets (p = 0.09). Serum concentrations of hs-CRP, hs-TNF-α, and IL-6 were not influenced by either diet. No significant differences between the two diets were found in terms of their effect on sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 concentrations. Adherence to both diets resulted in a 9 ng/ml decrease in serum E-selectin levels (p < 0.05 for both). Conclusions: Partial replacement of dietary carbohydrates by unsaturated fats prevents the increased levels of markers of systemic inflammation among women with the MetS.
Infected Walled-Off Pancreatic Necrosis following EUS-Guided Drainage Successfully Treated Using Multiple Stents in Different Sites Technique
Authors: Prachayakul Varayu , Phisalprapa Pojamana , Aswakul Pitulak
Published: September 2013

Walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) is one of the most life-threatening complications of acute severe pancreatitis. Regarding its high mortality and morbidity without appropriate treatment, the drainage procedure is still the mainstay of the treatment for this condition. There are multiple drainage options for this event. To date, endoscopic drainage alone has not been adequate for this condition, while surgical drainage has been reported to have a high morbidity. Endoscopic drainage with pancreatic necrosectomy is the most effective and safe method, while endoscopic drainage with aggressive lavage is another acceptable treatment option. The procedural details have been described elsewhere in many studies. In this report, we describe an alternative technique of drainage by endoscopy alone, without aggressive lavage procedure, that yielded an acceptable outcome with an easier procedure.
How to Define a Poor Outcome After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Arnold Suzanne V. , Spertus John A. , Lei Yang , Green Philip , Kirtane Ajay J. , Kapadia Samir , Thourani Vinod H. , Herrmann Howard C. , Beohar Nirat , Zajarias Alan , Mack Michael J. , Leon Martin B. , Cohen David J.
Published: September 2013

Background—

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a less invasive option for valve replacement of patients with severe aortic stenosis. Although it has been recommended that TAVR should not be offered to patients who will not improve functionally or derive meaningful survival benefit from the procedure, no guidance exists on how best to identify such patients. The first step in this process is to define a poor outcome that can then be used as a foundation for subsequent case identification. We sought to evaluate potential definitions of a poor outcome after TAVR that combine both mortality and quality of life components.

Methods and Results—

Using data from 463 patients who underwent TAVR as part of the Placement of AoRTic TraNscathetER Valve (PARTNER) trial, we evaluated 6-month mortality and quality of life outcomes using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire to explore potential definitions of a poor outcome. We then compared the strengths and weaknesses of each potential definition by examining the relationship between baseline and 6-month Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores for each patient. Based on these analyses, we argue that the most appropriate definition of a poor outcome after TAVR is (1) death, (2) Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire overall summary score <45, or (3) Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire decrease of ≥10 points, which best reflects a failure to achieve the therapeutic goals of TAVR.

Conclusions—

Using empirical data on a large number of patients enrolled in the PARTNER trial, we propose a definition for poor outcome after TAVR that combines both mortality and quality of life measures into a single composite end point. Use of this end point (or other similar end points) in future studies can facilitate development of predictive models that may be useful to identify patients who are poor candidates for TAVR and to provide such patients and their families with appropriate expectations of functional recovery after TAVR.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Learning Analytics
Authors: Haythornthwaite Caroline , de Laat Maarten , Dawson Shane
Published: September 2013

This introduction to the special issue on learning analytics provides an overview of the area, acknowledging the research traditions it emerges from, such as computer-supported collaborative learning, academic analytics, and educational data mining, and the way the field aims to bridge from technological innovation to learning purposes. The introduction provides examples of areas and educational stakeholders who are served by and can benefit from learning analytics initiatives, referring throughout to the articles in this special issue.
The economic costs of military conflict
Authors: Smith Ron P
Published: September 2013

There is a large literature on the economic costs of military conflict, which uses a variety of methods including accounting procedures, statistical models and event studies of how stock markets respond to news of conflict. This literature is not only subject to all the criticisms directed against cost–benefit analysis but also introduces an element of arbitrariness by not considering benefits. This article uses four questions to structure a discussion of the calculation of conflict costs. The first concerns the purpose of the calculation: why is it being done? The second concerns the counterfactual: what comparison is being made? The third concerns the data: where do the numbers come from? The fourth concerns aggregation and valuation: how are the elements of costs (over outcomes, time and individuals) combined? The literature is often not clear on the answers to these questions, tending to take them for granted. However, the answers are crucial to the calculation and are not merely technical matters but rest on both the underlying objective of the calculation and fundamental philosophical and ethical judgements.
Employment Outcomes in Persons With Diabetes
Authors: Rak Eniko C.
Published: September 2013

Low health literacy is common among adults and is related to adverse health outcomes. It also impacts health management and one’s ability to control his or her chronic illness. The current study examined the association of health literacy and diabetes management self-efficacy with employment among 126 individuals with diabetes. No relationship was found between health literacy and employment. Diabetes-management self-efficacy was not directly related to employment but it was indirectly linked to it through physical health and lack of interference of diabetes with activities of daily living. This research suggests that strategies to improve self-efficacy may contribute to improved health and employment outcomes. Implications for rehabilitation counseling practice and research are discussed.
The Genesis of the “Dutch Approach” to Asymmetric Conflicts
Authors: Moelker René
Published: September 2013

From a theory on occupying regimes and from traditional concepts of counterinsurgency theory, the author traces back the development of the Dutch discourse regarding present day missions. The genesis of the so-called Dutch approach is studied, and the case of Uruzgan is reviewed by scrutinizing political, security, economic, and governance aspects of the use of the military in the aforementioned province of Afghanistan. The case is studied to determine whether there really is something Dutch about this approach. We learn that the “Dutch approach” is predominantly a narrative whose main objective is the appeasement of Dutch public opinion and the legitimation of Dutch policy making. At the same time and even though more comparative case studies are necessary, it seems plausible that the Dutch approach is different. But the difference is not typical Dutch; it lies in the manner of collaborating with and co-opting indigenous elites. Studying the genesis of the “Dutch approach” is therefore an analysis of a discourse and a study in operational effectiveness at the same time.
Permanent-magnet synchronous motor velocity control based on second-order integral sliding mode control algorithm
Authors: Qi Liang , Bao Sheng , Shi Hongbo
Published: September 2013

In this paper, a novel second-order integral sliding mode control (SOSMC) algorithm is proposed to accomplish velocity control of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) so that the performance can be improved. An integral manifold is utilized to reduce the static error during the sliding mode movement phase to improve the control precision, and a new SOSMC law is achieved by a Lyapunov function approach so the system convergence is guaranteed. The presented method can not only eliminate the system chattering problem successfully but also improve the performance of the PMSM control system. Meanwhile, in order to solve the problem of the windup phenomenon of the PMSM control system, an anti-windup control method is proposed in the PMSM control system. The simulation experimental results are given to indicate that the proposed method is effective and can improve the performance of the PMSM control system such as fast response, high robustness and speed tracking precision, etc.
Correlates and Consequences of Father Nurturance in an African American College Sample
Authors: Doyle Otima , Pecukonis Edward V. , Lindsey Michael A.
Published: September 2013

The objectives of the present study are to identify sociodemographic factors associated with father nurturance and assess the relationship between parental (mother and father) nurturance and youth psychological well-being among 216 African American college-aged youth. Participants attended a historically Black college in the Mid-Atlantic region. Findings indicated that the frequency and duration of the participants’ interactions with their fathers were associated with levels of father nurturance. Youth whose mothers and fathers were married or cohabitating, compared with those who were separated, divorced, widowed, or never married, had lower levels of psychological well-being. Furthermore, youth who reported more mother nurturance had higher levels of overall psychological well-being. These findings highlight the importance of time-based variables in youths’ perceptions of father nurturance and raise important questions about how the nature of the coparental relationship and variations in the fathering role affect youth well-being.
Limited Evidence for Effects of Intranasal Corticosteroids on Symptom Relief for Recurrent Acute Rhinosinusitis
Authors: van Loon Juliette W. L. , van Harn Rochustina P. , Venekamp Roderick P. , Kaper Nina M. , Sachs Alfred P. E. , van der Heijden Geert J. M. G.
Published: September 2013

Objective

To systematically review the evidence base on the effectiveness of intranasal corticosteroids in adult patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis.

Data Sources

Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library.

Review Methods

A comprehensive search was performed up to March 20, 2013. Two reviewers independently screened publications on title and abstract. Design of selected studies was assessed on directness of evidence and risk of bias. For included studies, risk differences with 95% confidence intervals were extracted or recalculated.

Results

Of 1850 unique records, 3 trials were included. Risk of bias was high and directness of evidence was low for 2 trials, the third trial had low risk of bias with moderate directness of evidence. They found a statistical significant difference for the median number of days to clinical success (defined as patients’ report of symptoms to be cured or much improved) favoring intranasal corticosteroids (6 days) over placebo (9 days), while the difference in proportion of patients reporting clinical success after 21 days of treatment was 20% favoring intranasal corticosteroids over placebo.

Conclusion and Recommendation

The evidence for the benefit of intranasal corticosteroids on symptom relief in adult patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis is rather limited (ie, 3 trials are available; the best evidence is derived from 1 low risk of bias trial providing moderate directness of evidence that intranasal corticosteroids may speed up relief of symptoms in patients with recurrent acute rhinosinusitis). A large methodologically rigorous randomized trial in antibiotic‐naïve patients is needed to provide a more definite recommendation.
The effects of a group-based cognitive behavioral therapy on people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Graziano Federica , Calandri Emanuela , Borghi Martina , Bonino Silvia
Published: September 2013

Objective:

To evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral group-based intervention aimed at reducing depression and fostering quality of life and psychological well-being of multiple sclerosis patients through the promotion of identity redefinition, sense of coherence, and self-efficacy.

Design:

A randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Non-medical setting, external to the Multiple Sclerosis Clinic Centre.

Subjects

Eighty-two patients: 64% women; mean age 40.5, SD = 9.4; 95% with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) between 1 and 5.5 were included in the study.

Interventions:

Patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group (five cognitive behavioral group-based sessions, n = 41) or to a control group (three informative sessions, n = 41).

Main measures

Depression (CES-D), Quality of life (MSQOL revised), Psychological well-being (PANAS), Identity Motives Scale, Sense of Coherence (SOC), and Self Efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis.

Results

Quality of life increased in the intervention group compared with the control at 6-months follow-up (mean change 0.72 vs. −1.76, p < 0.05). Well-being in the intervention group increased for males and slightly decreased for females at 6-months follow-up (mean change 6.58 vs. −0.82, p < 0.05). Contrasts revealed an increase in self-efficacy in the intervention group at posttreatment compared with the control (mean change 2.95 vs. −0.11, p < 0.05). Depression tended to lower, while identity and coherence increased in the intervention group compared with the control, though the differences were not significant.

Conclusions:

Preliminary evidence suggests that intervention promotes patients’ quality of life and has an effect on psychological well-being and self-efficacy.
Well-Being in Adolescence—An Association With Health-Related Behaviors
Authors: Booker Cara L. , Skew Alexandra J. , Sacker Amanda , Kelly Yvonne J.
Published: September 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the demographic distribution of selected health-related behaviors and their relationship with different indicators of well-being. The data come from Wave 1 of the youth panel of Understanding Society household panel study. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) measured socio-emotional difficulties. Markers of happiness in different life domains were combined to assess levels of happiness. Generally, younger youth participated in more health-protective behaviors, while older youth reported more health-risk behaviors. Higher consumption of fruit and vegetables and greater participation in sport were associated with higher odds of high happiness. Healthier eating was associated with lower odds of socio-emotional difficulties, while increased fast food consumption was associated with higher odds of socio-emotional difficulties. Smoking, drinking, and decreased sport participation were all associated with socio-emotional difficulties. Health-protective behaviors were associated with happiness, while health-risk behaviors were associated with socio-emotional difficulties.
Challenges of Reforming the Civil Service in the Post-Soviet Era
Authors: Liebert Saltanat
Published: September 2013

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Kyrgyzstan went through radical economic reforms to transition from a command to a market-based economy. The governance system had to be rebuilt to reflect the country’s shift from socialist ideology to free-market, democratic regime. Despite numerous reforms undertaken by the Kyrgyz Government to restructure its civil service, these efforts have fallen short in creating such a civil service system. To understand the reasons for the limited results achieved by reforms, this article examines formal rules regulating Kyrgyzstan’s civil service and assesses how they are implemented in practice. Key aspects of Kyrgyzstan’s civil service such as recruitment, selection, promotion, compensation, job security, and performance appraisal are examined. The article juxtaposes formal rules governing key elements of the civil service to the actual practices of the government. In conclusion, I offer an assessment of why civil service reforms produced inadequate results.
The effects of resveratrol against trifluralin toxicity in the urinary tract of rats
Authors: Denek Ziya , Erbil Guven , Ozbal Seda , Micili Serap Cilaker , Ozogul Candan
Published: September 2013

The herbicide itself and the degradation products are highly toxic on biological systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential toxic effects of trifluralin (TRF) on the urinary system of male rats and to investigate the protective effects of resveratrol (RSV) in TRF-induced urinary system damage. A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into: (1) control group, (2) sham group, (3) low dose TRF group (0.8 g/kg/day), (4) high dose TRF group (2 g/kg/day) and (5) high dose TRF + RSV group 10 mg/kg/day. RSV was administered for 21 days by intragastric gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day after induction of TRF. Kidney, ureter and urinary bladder tissue was examined using light microscopy and ultrastructurally. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling was performed to detect apoptosis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also evaluated biochemically for oxidative stress parameters. Histological evaluation showed that TRF increases apoptosis and oxidative stress, causes histological tissue damages and biochemical changes in the kidneys but does not cause any damage to the ureter and bladder. Treatment with RSV significantly attenuated tissue damage in the urinary system of rats. Apopitotic cells were significantly decreased in the treatment group. Additionally, treatment with RSV decreased SOD and GPx levels and increased MDA levels in the kidney tissue of animals subjected to TRF. These results show that RSV can significantly minimize histological damage and biochemical differences in treating TRF-induced kidney injury in rats.
Chelation of thallium by combining deferasirox and desferrioxamine in rats
Authors: Saljooghi Amir Shokooh , Babaie Maryam , Mendi Fatemeh Delavar , Zahmati Maliheh , Saljooghi Zoheir Shokouh
Published: September 2013

The hypothesis that two known chelators deferasirox (4-[3,5-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]-benzoic acid) and desferrioxamine (DFO) might be more efficient as combined treatment than as monotherapies in removing thallium from the body was tested in a new acute rat model. 7-week-old male Wistar rats received chelators: deferasirox (orally), DFO (intraperitoneal; i.p.), or deferasirox + DFO as 75 or 150 mg/kg dose half an hour after a single i.p. administration of 8 mg thallium/kg body weight in the form of chloride. Serum thallium concentration, urinary thallium, and iron excretions were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Both chelators were effective only at the higher dose level, while DFO was more effective than deferasirox in enhancing urinary thallium excretion, deferasirox was more effective than DFO in enhancing urinary iron excretion. In the combined treatment group, deferasirox did not increase the DFO effect on thallium and DFO did not increase the effect of deferasirox on iron elimination. Our results support the usefulness of this animal model for preliminary in vivo testing of thallium chelators. Urinary values were more useful because of the high variability of serum results.
Urinary 6-Sulphatoxymelatonin Levels and Sleep Disorders in Children With Migraine
Authors: Abou-Khadra Maha K. , Kishk Nirmeen A. , Shaker Olfat G. , Hassan Amr
Published: September 2013

We conducted the present study to assess melatonin secretion in a sample of children with migraine, to describe their sleep patterns and problems, and to examine the impact of sleep problems on migraine disability. The parents of 18 children with migraine completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment Score in Arabic. The parents of 18 healthy controls also completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin levels were determined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. There was no significant difference in urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin between the migraine and control groups ( Z = –0.127, P = .889). There were no significant differences between groups in Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire subscales or total scores. There were significant correlations between bedtime resistance, parasomnias subscales, and migraine disability. Our findings indicate that nocturnal production of melatonin is not reduced in children with migraine, and sleep disturbances impact the degree of migraine disability.
Neighbors
Authors: Pasieka Agnieszka
Published: September 2013

This article discusses the problem of neighborly coexistence in religiously and ethnically diverse settings. It tackles some widespread assumptions regarding the importance of religious/ethnic factors in shaping neighborly relations as well as the question of broader sociopolitical contexts and their impact on neighborly coexistence. In so doing, it argues against those approaches that place “neighborhood” at the center of debates on the breakdown of societal coexistence and use it as a tool of explanation of interethnic and interreligious conflicts. More specifically, the article engages critically with the way the idea of “neighborhood” is used in debates on Polish history. It argues that the idea of past harmony and peaceful coexistence in “multicultural” settings reinforces the image of the Polish society as tolerant and diversity-friendly and stresses that the harmonious neighborly coexistence was brought to an end by “outsiders.” As a result, not only does it serve the dominant group rather than minorities, but it precludes the understanding of the dynamics of ethnic/religious pluralism. The article therefore suggests that the studies of diversity in Poland should pay closer attention to the context of the dominant—Polish and Catholic—culture in which the diversity has been accommodated. Striving to address this problem, it presents some findings from an ethnographic study of a multireligious and multiethnic neighborhood in rural Poland and provides some comparative insights.
From “And” to “Either/or”
Authors: Troch Pieter
Published: September 2013

The politicized polarization of Montenegrin society around the question of Montenegrin statehood in the context of the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia, finally leading to Montenegrin independence in 2006, is accompanied by a remarkable identity change toward a clear division between Serbian and Montenegrin nationhood. I situate this development within the long-term interference between Montenegrin and Serbian categories of identification in elite articulations of national identity in Montenegro during the twentieth century. In the early twentieth century, the Montenegrin and Serbian categories were concurrently available for national identification in the context of political modernization in the country. Reflecting the lasting political and broader societal relevance of nationhood during the Yugoslav twentieth century, diverging interpretations of the relation between both categories of nationhood have continuously substantiated political divides in Montenegro. One part of the political spectrum subordinated Montenegrin regional identity to Serbian nationhood, the other part attached increasingly far-reaching political demands to Montenegrin national identity while maintaining a sense of Serbian national identity in the domain of culture and ethnicity. In the course of the Yugoslav twentieth century, the complementary relation between both categories of nationhood was challenged by exclusive definitions of Serbian and Montenegrin nationhood, a development which has to be related to the continuous questioning of relations between various concurring categories of national identity available in Yugoslavia. The current institutionalization of Montenegrin nationhood in independent Montenegro and the development toward clear-cut Serbian and Montenegrin mono-national identities is leading to the regression of multiple nationhood among the broader population.
Design of Employee Training in Taiwanese Nonprofits
Authors: Chang Wei-Wen , Huang Chun-Mam , Kuo Yung-Cheng
Published: September 2013

Workforce learning has become a fundamental need for organizations that face a quick-changing world growing more complicated by the day. In this study, we focused on an examination into the factors that affect the design of employee training in nonprofits, including a discussion into the training practices of nonprofits as a result of those factors. Smaller nonprofits in Taiwan were studied; larger nonprofits, such as the Red Cross and World Vision, were not included in the present study. Through interviews with and surveys of 20 participating nonprofits in Taiwan, we found that the widely used linear training design framework, including assessment, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, might not be appropriate for many nonprofits due to organizational factors such as human resources, financial environments, and managerial systems. Due to the influence of these factors, the practice of training in nonprofits has moved beyond structured design, and diverse on-the-job approaches are now being applied.
Urban environmental challenges and climate change action in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Roberts Debra , O’Donoghue Sean
Published: September 2013

This paper reflects on the progress made in climate change adaptation in the city of Durban since the launch of the Municipal Climate Protection Programme in 2004. This includes the initial difficulties in getting the attention of key sectors within municipal government, and how this was addressed and also served by the more detailed understanding of the range of adaptation options and their cost-benefits. There is also a better understanding of the potentials and constraints on community-based adaptation and the opposition from some landowners to measures to protect and enhance ecosystem services. The paper ends with lessons learnt that contradict some common assumptions – for instance, what approaches best build support for climate change adaptation within local governments, what measures work and from where lessons can be drawn. It also describes the perhaps unexpected linkages between local action and international influence and highlights the need for international climate change negotiations to recognize the key roles of urban governments in developing locally rooted adaptation and resilience.