bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration using a Phosphate-Containing Replacement Fluid in the Setting of Regional Citrate Anticoagulation
Authors: Morabito Santo , Pistolesi Valentina , Tritapepe Luigi , Vitaliano Elio , Zeppilli Laura , Polistena Francesca , Fiaccadori Enrico , Pierucci Alessandro
Published: January 2015

Purpose

The need for prolonged anticoagulation and the occurrence of hypophosphatemia are well known drawbacks of continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT). The aim was to evaluate the effects on acid-base status and serum phosphate of a regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) protocol for continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) combining the use of citrate with a phosphate-containing replacement fluid.

Methods

In a small cohort of heart surgery patients undergoing CRRT for acute kidney injury, we adopted an RCA-CVVH protocol based on a commercially available citrate solution (18 mmol/l) combined with a recently introduced phosphate-containing replacement fluid (HCO3− 30 mmol/l, phosphate 1.2), aimed at preventing phosphate depletion.

Results

In 10 high bleeding-risk patients, the RCA-CVVH protocol provided an adequate circuit lifetime (46.8 ± 30.3 h) despite the adoption of a low citrate dose and a higher than usual target circuit Ca2+ (≤0.5 mmol/l). Acid-base status was adequately maintained without the need for additional interventions on RCA-CVVH parameters and without indirect sign of citrate accumulation [(pH 7.43 (7.41-7.47), bicarbonate 24.4 mmol/l (23.2-25.6), BE 0 (-1.5 to 1.1), calcium ratio 1.97 (1.82-2.01); median (IQR)]. Serum phosphate was steadily maintained in a narrow range throughout RCA-CVVH days [1.1 mmol/l (0.9-1.4)]. A low amount of phosphorus supplementation (0.9 ± 2 g/day) was required in only 30% of patients.

Conclusions

Although needing further evaluation, the proposed RCA-CVVH protocol ensured a safe and effective RCA without electrolyte and/or acid-base derangements. CRRT-induced hypophosphatemia was prevented in most of the patients by the adoption of a phosphate-containing replacement solution, minimizing phosphate supplementation needs.
The Accuracy of a Continuous Volumetric Balancing System in Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Hanudel Mark R. , Salusky Isidro B. , Zaritsky Joshua J.
Published: January 2015

Background

In pediatric continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) patients, accurate ultrafiltration (UF) measurement is essential, as both over- and under-UF may result in suboptimal outcomes. Traditionally, CRRT has relied on scale-based UF measurements; however, the recent development of a continuous volumetric balancing system has allowed for the advent of scale-less CRRT.

Methods

To assess the accuracy of the volumetric balancing system, we designed a continuously measuring digital scale, which accounted for dialysate use and collected effluent, allowing us to independently measure UF volume and compare it with the machine reported UF volume.

Results

In four low weight (6.9-16.7 kg) pediatric CRRT patients, we measured the UF volume over 20 separate runs, comprising a total of 318 hours. Over this time, the total measured UF volume was 50,550 mL ± 296 mL, whereas the total reported UF volume was 50,733 mL, a difference of 183 mL ± 296 mL (0.6 ± 0.9 ml/h), or 0.4 ± 0.6%. For each patient, over 48-112 hours per patient, the differences between the total measured and total reported UF volumes ranged from -7.8 ± 1.7 ml/h to +9.7 ± 1.8 ml/h, or -6.0 ± 1.3% to +5.4 ± 1.0%.

Conclusions

In low-weight, pediatric CRRT patients, the scale-less continuous volumetric balancing system delivers accurate ultrafiltration.
Comparative Effect of different Polymerization Techniques on Residual Monomer and Hardness Properties of PMMA-based Denture Resins
Authors: Ayaz Elif Aydogan , Durkan Rukiye , Koroglu Ayşegul , Bagis Bora
Published: January 2015

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare the residual monomer and microhardness of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)–based denture resins processed by using autoclave and conventional water bath techniques.

Methods

To determine the amount of residual methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer, disk-shaped specimens (n=5) were prepared from 3 different acrylic resins (Meliodent, Paladent and Qc-20). Control groups were polymerized in water bath for 30 minutes at 100°C. The study groups were prepared in an autoclave device for 60°C/30 min followed 130°C/10 min and the other group for 60°C/30 min followed by 130°C/20 min. According to standard calibration curves, ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 230 nm was used to determine the residual monomer. For the Vickers hardness measurements, disk-shaped specimens (n=5) were prepared for each test group. Hardness measurements were performed with a Vickers hardness tester under a 4.91-N press load for a 30 seconds, after immersion in distilled water at 37°C for 48 hours. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey HSD test (p<0.05).

Results

Autoclave polymerization produced a significant decrease in the amount of residual monomers for all resin groups (p<0.05). This procedure also showed a significant increase in hardness for all resin groups (p<0.05). For the 3 resin groups, no significant differences were found between autoclave polymerization for 10 minutes and for 20 minutes (p>0.05).

Conclusions

The autoclave polymerization technique exhibited significantly lower residual monomer content and greater hardness than conventional heat polymerization.
Melatonin and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI): The Treviso Longeva (Trelong) Study
Authors: Gallucci Maurizio , Flores-Obando Rafael , Mazzuco Stefano , Ongaro Fausta , Di Giorgi Enrico , Boldrini Paolo , Durante Elisabetta , Frigato Andrea , Albani Diego , Forloni Gianluigi , Zanardo Andrea , Siculi Marinella , Caberlotto Livio , Taioli Emanuela
Published: January 2015

Introduction

It has been reported that elderly subjects have a compromised ability to produce melatonin nightly, and that reduced melatonin levels may be a risk factor for cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between melatonin levels and chronic diseases in a cohort of elderly subjects using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI).

Design

We performed a secondary data analysis of a longitudinal study of a representative, age-stratified, sample population.

Setting

The Treviso Longeva (Trelong) study, in Treviso, Italy.

Participants

A total of 114 men and 146 women, aged 77 years and older, still alive after 7 years of follow-up.

Measurements

As an estimation of serum melatonin secretion levels, urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) was assayed in the urine of 260 elderly subjects using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (product 01-EK-M6S, ALPCO Immunoassays, Windham, NH). All aMT6s levels were creatinine standardized ([aMT6s]/[creatinine]), and the CCI was calculated.

Results

The melatonin levels decreased with aging despite not reaching statistical significance, and the decrease was more evident in males than in females (40.5 ng vs 47.0 ng aMT6s/mg creatinine, ns). Melatonin levels were significantly lower in patients reporting insomnia (p=0.05). The CCI score was inversely correlated with the levels of melatonin (p=0.03). Melatonin levels of subjects affected by CCI pathologies were significantly lower than those of healthy subjects (p=0.03) and of subjects suffering from diseases not included in the CCI and, therefore, less severe (p=0.03).

Conclusion

Melatonin appears to be a marker of disease state and severity, as well as of sleep disorders, in the elderly. These early findings would confirm the protective role of melatonin against several chronic diseases. The benefits of this agent as a possible medication should be more thoroughly clinically tested.
Serum ANGPTL2 Levels Reflect Clinical Features of Breast Cancer Patients: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Endo Motoyoshi , Yamamoto Yutaka , Nakano Masahiro , Masuda Tetsuro , Odagiri Haruki , Horiguchi Haruki , Miyata Keishi , Kadomatsu Tsuyoshi , Motokawa Ikuyo , Okada Seiji , Iwase Hirotaka , Oike Yuichi
Published: January 2015

Introduction

Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide, and its metastasis is a major cause of disease mortality. Therefore, identification of the mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis is crucial for the development of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Our recent study of immunodeficient female mice transplanted with MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells demonstrated that tumor cell-derived angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) accelerates metastasis through both increasing tumor cell migration in an autocrine/paracrine manner, and enhancing tumor angiogenesis. To determine whether ANGPTL2 contributes to its clinical pathogenesis, we asked whether serum ANGPTL2 levels reflect the clinical features of breast cancer progression.

Methods

We monitored the levels of secreted ANGPTL2 in supernatants of cultured proliferating MDA-MB231 cells. We also determined whether the circulating ANGPTL2 levels were positively correlated with cancer progression in an in vivo breast cancer xenograft model using MDA-MB231 cells. Finally, we investigated whether serum ANGPTL2 levels were associated with clinical features in breast cancer patients.

Results

Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that the levels of ANGPTL2 secreted from breast cancer cells increased with cell proliferation and cancer progression. Serum ANGPTL2 levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects or in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ or non-metastatic invasive ductal carcinoma. Serum ANGPTL2 levels in patients negative for estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors, particularly triple-negative cases, reflected histological grades.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that serum ANGPTL2 levels in breast cancer patients could represent a potential marker of breast cancer metastasis.
Superficialization of Basilic Vein: Last Chance for a Native Arteriovenous Fistula in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Onaran M. , Erer D. , Şen I. , Elnur E.E. , Iriz E. , Sert Ş.
Published: January 2015

Background

Although the best type of vascular access for chronic hemodialysis patients is a native arteriovenous fistula, in an increasing number of patients all the superficial veins have been used and only the placement of vascular grafts or permanent catheters is left. Superficialization of the basilic vein is a possible alternative.

Materials and Methods

In 49 chronic hemodialysis patients who had no possibilities to have a native arteriovenous fistula created, we performed a basilic vein- brachial artery fistula in the arm. During the same operation the basilic vein was then superficialized for easier access for hemodialysis.

Results

Mean follow-up was 22.36±15.56 months. Forty-eight patients are still undergoing hemodialysis with their superficialized basilic vein native A-V fistula without any complications. Only one fistula was thrombosed just after the procedure because of poor vessel quality.

Conclusion

For hemodialysis patients who have no suitable superficial veins at the wrist or elbow, performing a basilic vein - brachial artery fistula and superficializing the vein to the subcutaneous tissue is an acceptable choice before deciding to use more complicated procedures like vascular grafts.
Extra- and Intrathoracic Access
Authors: Lazarides Miltos K. , Georgakarakos Efstratios I. , Schoretsanitis Nikolaos
Published: January 2015

The most complex patients requiring vascular access are those with bilateral central vein occlusions. Endovascular repair of the central lesions when feasible allow upper extremity use for access. When endovascular repair is not feasible, femoral vein transposition should be the next choice. When lower limb access sites have been exhausted or are contraindicated as in obese patients and in patients with peripheral arterial obstructive disease, a range of extrathoracic “exotic” extra-anatomic access procedures as the necklace cross-chest arteriovenous (AV) grafts, the ipsilateral axillo-axillary loops, the brachial-jugular AV grafts, the axillo-femoral AV grafts or even intra-thoracic ones as the right atrial AV bypasses represent the vascular surgeon's last resort. The selection among those extra-anatomical chest-wall procedures should be based upon each patient's anatomy or patient-specific factors.
S1 Herpes Zoster Localization: Acute Urinary Retention in Woman
Authors: Velia Marco , Mastrocinque Giuseppe , Romeo Salvatore , Giammanco Giovanni , Melloni Darwin
Published: January 2015

Acute urinary retention in women is rare. The varicella-zoster virus causes inflammatory lesions of the sensory-root ganglions, meninges and, less frequently, spinal cord. Herpes zoster has been reported to affect, although rarely, lower urinary tract innervations, and acute urinary retention can be thought to occur in the presence of sacral dermatome involvement. Usually it is located in S2–4 dermatome and the prognosis for acute urinary retention is benign resolving in about 20 days. We present a case in which the S1 dermatome was interested and acute urinary retention developed. After 10 days of specific therapy and self catheterism the problem resolved.
A program for obese youth at-risk for diabetes in Qatar
Authors: Selmi Sahar , Daghash Ghadeer , Mathis Sharoud , Nahas Katie , Wilbur Kerry
Published: January 2015

Background: Obesity is an international public health problem well documented in Qatar among children and adolescents and contributes to diabetes, a disease already highly prevalent in the country. We describe an intervention program developed for obese youth conducted by the Qatar Diabetes Association (QDA). Methods: The QDA conducts a 3-day structured program for obese youth at-risk for developing diabetes which includes physical activities, games and workshops aimed to increase awareness and guide improved diet, activity and related lifestyle choices. Using motivational interviewing techniques, obese youth develop action plans to modify diet and exercise which were shared with parents to promote collaboration and support. Results: In 2011, one girls' camp (n = 15, mean age 12 years) and one boys' camp (n = 17, mean age 13 years) were held. All participants were considered obese: girls mean BMI = 31 kg/m2 (standard deviation (SD) 4.2) and boys mean BMI 35 kg/m2 (SD = 4.7). Youth reported fast food consumption at least twice a week by 6 (40 %) of girls and 10 (59 %) of boys and there was low self-declared frequency of daily physical activity (1 girl and 5 boys). Many stated their weight made their life worse due to fatigue, poor agility, or difficulty finding clothes. When individualized coaching was proposed, 87 % and 100 % of girls and boys felt ready to devise an action plan for improved health. Conclusion: The new national preventative healthcare mandate could facilitate modification and expansion of these QDA educational and behavioural intervention programs as part of the wider strategy to combat obesity in Qatar.
Analysing related choices in tourism research
Authors: Thrane Christer
Published: January 2015

There is currently no unified framework for analysing related choices in tourism contexts, and this study aims to fill this void. Taking an intuitive approach, the author first shows how a number of previous tourism studies may be thought of as variations of certain simplified choice scenarios. Proceeding with three non-technical case studies, the article demonstrates how models that involve related choice variables should be estimated. In passing, several problems that typically surface in this kind of research are addressed. Many of these problems are not acknowledged in present-day tourism research; more frequently, they are conceptually conceded but not handled satisfactorily from an econometric point of view. Finally, some advice for future research of this nature and some model extensions are provided.
Europese bankenresolutie (SRM). Institutionele perspectieven
Authors: ter Kuile G.
Published: January 2015

Europese bankenresolutie (SRM). Institutionele perspectieven

‘Too Big to Fail’ banken waren een kostbaar probleem tijdens de crisis die in 2007 uitbrak. Een speciaal soort afwikkelingsrecht voor banken – ‘resolutierecht’ – bleek nodig om belastingbetalers voortaan te sparen. Met het oprichten van een gemeenschappelijk resolutiemechanisme stonden de EU-lidstaten voor een nieuwe uitdaging. Gemeenschappelijke regels, procedures en instellingen werden bij richtlijn en verordening geïntroduceerd, terwijl het resolutiefonds met een intergouvernementele overeenkomst werd bestendigd. Dit artikel bespreekt resolutie als concept, de verdragsgrondslag van de regelingen, de Single Resolution Board als agentschap en de Meroni-discussie, gedeelde bevoegdheden en significantiecriterium, interne en externe governance, het Resolutiefonds en ‘mutualisatie’, en rechtsbescherming. De hoop is uiteraard dat met een effectief Europees bankentoezicht het daadwerkelijk overgaan tot resolutie niet nodig is. Maar de voorbereiding op eventuele resoluties blijft vereist.

Verordening (EU) nr. 806/2014 van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 15 juli 2014 tot vaststelling van eenvormige regels en een eenvormige procedure voor de afwikkeling van kredietinstellingen en bepaalde beleggingsondernemingen in het kader van een gemeenschappelijk afwikkelingsmechanisme en een gemeenschappelijk afwikkelingsfonds en tot wijziging van Verordening (EU) nr. 1093/2010 (SRM-Verordening of SRMR).

Richtlijn 2014/59/EU van het Europees Parlement en de Raad van 15 mei 2014 betreffende de totstandbrenging van een kader voor het herstel en de afwikkeling van kredietinstellingen en beleggingsondernemingen en tot wijziging van Richtlijn 82/891/EEG van de Raad en de Richtlijnen 2001/24/EG, 2002/47/EG, 2004/25/EG, 2005/56/EG, 2007/36/EG, 2011/35/EU, 2012/30/EU en 2013/36/EU en de Verordeningen (EU) nr. 1093/2010 en (EU) nr. 648/2012, van het Europees Parlement en de Raad (BRRD-richtlijn of BRRD).

Overeenkomst betreffende de overdracht en mutualisatie van de bijdragen aan het gemeenschappelijk afwikkelingsfonds, Brussel, 21 mei 2014, (8457/14), Trb. 2014, 146
Non bis in idem in Europa: de zaken Spasic en M.
Authors: van Hattum W.F.
Published: January 2015

Non bis in idem in Europa: de zaken Spasic en M.

Binnen Schengen en de EU geldt de regel dat iemand die onherroepelijk is berecht niet nog eens mag worden vervolgd of gestraft wegens hetzelfde feit (non bis in idem). Geldt deze bescherming ook wanneer de straf wel definitief is geworden maar nog niet ten uitvoer is gelegd? Artikel 54 van de Schengenuitvoeringsovereenkomst is hierover duidelijk: het stelt tenuitvoerlegging als voorwaarde voor toepassing van de waarborg tegen tweede vervolging of bestraffing. Artikel 50 Handvest stelt deze voorwaarde echter niet. In de zaak Spasic beoordeelt het Hof van Justitie – voor het eerst – de verhouding tussen beide non bis in idem-bepalingen.

In de zaak M. is de vraag aan de orde of een ‘buitenvervolgingstelling’ een tweede vervolging in een andere lidstaat belet. Het betreft een strafrechtelijke beslissing die nationaal een minder sterke non bis in idem-werking heeft dan een onherroepelijk eindvonnis. Deze bijdrage laat aan de hand van beide zaken zien hoe het Hof van Justitie de balans probeert te houden tussen vrijheid, veiligheid en recht enerzijds en het voorkomen en bestrijden van criminaliteit anderzijds.

HvJ 27 mei 2014 (GK), zaak C-129/14 PPU, Spasic, prejudiciële spoedprocedure op verzoek Oberlandesgericht Nürnberg (Duitsland), ECLI:EU:C:2014:586, n.n.g. en HvJ 5 juni 2014, zaak C-398/12, M., prejudiciële procedure op verzoek Tribunale di Fermo (Italië), ECLI:EU:C:2014:1057, n.n.g.
Des Insolences au ministère de l’Éducation québécois… L’exil suisse de Frère Untel au miroir de sa correspondance
Authors: Hauser Claude
Published: January 2015

Si un livre demeure emblématique du déclenchement de la Révolution tranquille au Québec, c’est bien celui de Jean-Paul Desbiens, publié en 1960 sous le titre Les insolences du frère Untel. On connaît bien sa genèse, son contenu et ses répercussions retentissantes dans la société québécoise, mais on connaît moins bien le destin mouvementé de son auteur, exilé à Rome puis à Fribourg par sa hiérarchie avant de revenir au Québec à l’été 1964, avec une charge au ministère de l’Éducation. Cet article se focalise sur le séjour de Jean-Paul Desbiens à Fribourg, en Suisse, de septembre 1962 à juillet 1964, durant lequel il va principalement se consacrer à la rédaction d’une thèse sur l’oeuvre de Jean Piaget. Quelle valeur prend ce séjour helvétique dans le parcours intellectuel de Jean-Paul Desbiens ? Comment vit-il cette expérience d’exil au quotidien ? S’intègre-t-il à son milieu de vie ? Quels sont ses réseaux de contact et d’amitié personnels ? Met-il en rapport ce qu’il observe de la vie helvétique avec l’évolution politique et sociale du Québec, qu’il suit à distance ? Cet article tente de répondre à ces questions, principalement à partir de l’abondante correspondance échangée entre Martin Blais et Jean-Paul Desbiens durant cette période fribourgeoise.
L’art dans les territoires de la petite histoire : les monographies paroissiales
(1854-1926) et la représentation d’un legs culturel
Authors: Miglioli Nathalie
Published: January 2015

Cet article traite de la présence de discours sur les objets d’art (principalement le
décor peint et le décor sculpté de l’église) dans les monographies paroissiales publiées
entre 1854 et 1926. De prime abord, il explore la manière dont les auteurs articulent les
sources qui fondent l’histoire de la paroisse, c’est-à-dire comment les auteurs – des
prêtres historiens pour la plupart – accordent le document d’archives, le souvenir des
anciens et les observations qui leur sont propres afin d’écrire le récit historique. Ce
texte explique ensuite comment l’approche particulière des auteurs en ce qui concerne ces
sources crée une énonciation à plusieurs temporalités où l’objet d’art cristallise le
rapport de la communauté à son histoire. Ce rapport, que met en évidence le discours sur le
tableau d’un maître-autel ou sur l’avènement de nouvelles formes architecturales, relève
peut-être d’un projet où le discours sur les oeuvres d’art serait essentiel : la
transmission, au moyen de l’écriture, d’un legs culturel.
Rânula em paciente com HIV: relato de caso
Authors: Bellani William Augusto Gomes de Oliveira , Archetti Felipe Belmonte , Martins Marilia Compagnoni , Lima Antonio Adilson Soares
Published: January 2015

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de tratamento de rânula em paciente portador do HIV/AIDS. Discussão: Paciente de 21 anos, sexo feminino, leucoderma, HIV positivo de transmissão vertical, sem hábitos deletérios, não fazia uso de drogas ilícitas, com lesão de rânula indolor, em tratamento há três meses com clindamicina, receitada pelos médicos. A paciente não está na faixa etária mais prevalente da doença, sua contagem de CD4 + estava normal e, pela possível dificuldade de cicatrização, optou-se pela micromarsupialização. Conclusão: Os cirurgiões-dentistas precisam encarar as rânulas e os mucoceles como entidades que podem surgir em pacientes infectados pelo HIV e que o tratamento deverá ser o mais conservador possível.
Personal identification using QR Code incorporated in dentures
Authors: Varmudy Niveditha , M. Regish K. , L. Rupesh P.
Published: January 2015

Forensic dentistry is finding increased application in identifying deceased individuals. Incorporating patient identification system in dentures is one of the measures taken in this regard. There are several denture identification measures, each having their own merits and demerits. This article describes a new denture identification system using Quick Response Code incorporated in dentures. This identification system can be very cost-effective, store lot of patient-related information and be easily accessible to the dentist.
Non-syndromic oligodontia in permanent dentition: a rare case report
Authors: Pannu Parampreet , Galhotra Virat , Ahluwalia Pooja , Gambhir Ramandeep Singh
Published: January 2015

Objective: Tooth agenesis is one of the most common congenital anomalies seen in humans. Although ab¬sence of one or more teeth is common, absence of multiple teeth is rare. Oligodontia is a rare developmental anomaly, involving agenesis of six or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. The reported preva¬lence of oligodontia in permanent dentition is 0.14%. Oligodontia can be presented as an isolated condition or as a part of a syndrome. Discussion: The present case report highlights a unique case of non-syndromic oligodontia, with agenesis of four permanent incisors, left permanent canine and right second premolar in the mandibular arch and its management with a novel fixed functional prosthetic appliance. Conclusion: Prosthetic rehabilitation is an urgent need for these kind of patients so that they do not suffer from mastica¬tory and esthetic problems which can eventually lower the self esteem of individuals.
Prevalence and severity of tooth wear in 12 to 15 year old school children in the Gurgaon district, Haryana, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Solanki Savita , Gupta Ishita , Prasad Sumanth , R. Chinmaya B. R.
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Tooth wear is an ever increasing problem. However, literature on tooth wear prevalence is scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence and severity of tooth wear among 12 to 15 year old children of private schools of Farukhnagar block (Gurgaon) Haryana. Material and Methods: 973 school children in the age group of 12 to 15 year from the Gurgaon district were included in the study. All permanent teeth were examined by two trained calibrated examiners using CPITN probes in four surfaces, namely cervical (C), buccal (B), occlusal (O) or incisal (I) and palatal (P) or lingual (L) surface using Tooth Wear Index (TWI) . SPSS 19 was used for descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: A total of 26,230 teeth were examined. Overall prevalence of tooth wear was 29.7%. Most frequently af¬fected teeth were the Incisors (15.4%), followed by the Molars (7.4%). Incisal/occlusal surface was the most commonly affected surface. All the tooth wear lesions observed were mostly confined to the enamel (76.4%). Boys had statistically significant higher tooth wear prevalence (16.2%) compared to girls (13.5%). Dental fluorosis determined higher tooth wear prevalence (61.5%). Conclusion: There is high prevalence of tooth wear among school children, and boys have more tooth wear compared to girls. Dental fluorosis is associated with high risk for tooth wear. Thus tooth wear poses a significant public health problem, and steps should be taken for early diagnosis, prevention and management.
Influência do enriquecimento ambiental no comportamento do papagaio-verdadeiro Amazona aestiva (Linnaeus, 1758) (Psittacidae)
Authors: Melo Diogo Neves , Passerino Ana Sílvia Miranda , Fischer Marta Luciane
Published: January 2015

As diferentes modalidades de criadouros de animais silvestres não propiciam condições apropriadas para a exibição de comportamentos naturais. Porém, o uso de técnicas de enriquecimento ambiental propicia aos animais ambientes mais estimulantes e reduzem o estresse de cativeiro, além de incrementar sua qualidade de vida e seu bem-estar. A criação comercial é uma das alternativas para contenção do comércio ilegal do papagaio Amazona aestiva, tendo em vista que é uma espécie que facilmente cria vínculos com os humanos, além de apresentar uma grande adaptação a ambientes alterados, estimulando o tráfico de animais, e consequentemente, a diminuição das populações naturais. Contudo, é questionável se o enriquecimento ambiental pode melhorar as condições artificiais desses cativeiros. A pesquisa foi realizada no criadouro de animais silvestres da Fazenda Experimental Gralha Azul, PUCPR, em 14 papagaios mantidos aos pares. Os padrões motores exibidos foram agrupados nos comportamentos de manutenção, exploração e interação, sendo evidenciado um aumento da exploração do ambiente e diminuição da manutenção, sem interferir no tempo dispendido para interações sociais. Infere-se da pesquisa que a utilização de enriquecimento ambiental contribuiu significativamente para o aumento das frequências de comportamentos naturais da espécie e possibilitou uma diminuição de comportamentos estereotipados. Programas frequentes de enriquecimento ambiental devem ser realizados em criadouros e incentivos em pesquisas acerca do assunto devem ser difundidos e praticados.
An investigation of water quality in shallow ground water sources in the Odaube area of Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Ezekwe Ifeanyichukwu Clinton , Ezekwe Ahamefula Sunday , Sunday Ochekwu Austin
Published: January 2015

This study examined shallow ground water quality in Odaube, Benue State, Nigeria. Physico-chemical parameters (taste, odour, pH, conductivity, dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity, acidity, Nitrate and chloride) and coliform communities were investigated. Generally, results obtained did not meet the acceptable standard of the World Health Organization for potable water. 80% of sampled water sources had odour and taste problems, 10% had pH problems while 20% had elevated nitrate concentrations. Also all the sampled sites showed evidence of serious microbial pollution. This stems from the poor hygienic conditions around water sources and proximity to pit latrines and waste dump sites. Over 90% of the people in the study area depend on these contaminated shallow wells for domestic water as such cheap water treatment options like boiling and the use of chemical additives like water Guard® is highly recommended.
Swarmings of Moina micrura Kurz, 1874 (Cladocera: Crustacea) in a semi-arid Brazilian temporary pool
Authors: Perbiche-Neves Gilmar , Coelho-Botelho Márcia , Hirose Gustavo L. , Portinho Jorge Laço , Elmoor-Loureiro Lourdes
Published: January 2015

Temporary aquatic environments are dependent on the rainfall distribution and form after extended periods of drought. The occurrence of groups of the cladoceran Moina micrura Kurz, 1874 was recorded in a temporary pool studied is located in the municipality of Monte Alegre de Sergipe, Sergipe State, Brazil. The mean abundance for each group was of 2,670 ± 2,089 individuals. Compared to other studies, we found a higher numbers of males (26 ± 6 individuals) and of ephippial females (30 ± 20 individuals). Therefore, the presence of males and ephippial females points to reproductive function of these groups, due to the dryness processes of these small pools.
Nietzsche e o elogio das ilusões: uma estratégia de combate à metafísica
Authors: Oliveira Jelson Roberto de
Published: January 2015

Pretende-se neste artigo analisar a estratégia nietzschiana de valorização teórica das ilusões como forma de combate à metafísica, pretendendo, com isso, desvendar as origens humanas das criações metafísicas. Para isso, o filósofo se utiliza do chamado “método científico”, caracterizado como uma análise histórico-fisiopsicológica, que põe em evidência a gênese doentia e fraca que se esconde por trás dessas criações. Pretende-se demonstrar que a apologia das aparências é, em Nietzsche, uma estratégia de inversão da metafísica cujo mote é a revelação do seu sentido ilusório, o que explica a valorização da superfície, da mentira e do embuste como formas de poetização da realidade que elege a vida como critério de avaliação.
A digestão do idealismo alemão pelo pensamento de Nietzsche
Authors: Collares Regiane Lorenzetti
Published: January 2015

São muitas as passagens textuais de Nietzsche relacionadas ao estômago,aos intestinos e à alimentação; metáforas que, na maioria das vezes, vinculam-se à crítica do idealismo alemão. Deve-se considerar que a abordagem da fisiologia nos escritos nietzschianos está intimamente comprometida com as atividades de assimilação, processamento e superação de uma tendência cultural e filosófica constituída sob o horizonte do idealismo alemão. O escopo dos últimos escritos de Nietzsche encontra-se em uma espécie de metabolismo do idealismo não só presente na filosofia,como também na moral, na arte, na política, na religião e na ciência de seu tempo. Portanto, neste artigo propomo-nos esclarecer as intenções de Nietzsche para o uso frequente de metáforas referentes ao processo digestivo a partir da investigação de dois aspectos centrais, a saber: o teor da atividade fisiológica adotada pelo pensamento nietzschiano e a compreensão do contexto idealista amplamente combatido nos seus escritos.
Nietzsche: fisiologia como fio condutor
Authors: Ramacciotti Bárbara Lucchesi
Published: January 2015

Este artigo tem por objetivo examinar as mutações no registro da fisiologia em alguns textos-chave da filosofia de Nietzsche. Em O Nascimento da Tragédia (1872), Nietzsche elabora a concepção estética e cosmológica da fisiologia dos impulsos apolínio e dionisíaco como via para analisar o nascimento e a morte da tragédia ática. A partir de Humano, Demasiado Humano (1878), o “método da filosofia histórica” adota a fisiologia do corpo orgânico como guia para verificar a origem dos sentimentos e valores morais. Na obra da maturidade, a fisiologia opera como fio condutor da teoria nietzschiana da interpretação, sobretudo, de sua psicologia da cultura moderna.
Funcionamento transgeracional de famílias de usuários de crack
Authors: Cristiane Lappann Botti Nadja , Simone de Almeida Machado Jacqueline , Viegas Tameirão Felipe , Teixeira Costa Bruna , Luísa Nogueira Benjamim Maria
Published: January 2015

O uso de crack se tornou um importante problema de saúde pública e tem desafiado os profissionais de saúde a compreender o perfil do dependente químico por causa das dificuldades de abordagem do problema. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar aspectos da estrutura e dinâmica das famílias com usuários de crack ao longo de três gerações. A partir dos parâmetros da pesquisa qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas e leitura dos prontuários que subsidiaram a construção do genograma trigeracional de 23 famílias de usuários de crack. Os dados obtidos foram organizados em categorias temáticas. Os resultados evidenciaram um padrão repetitivo de violência, conflitos ou rompimento dos vínculos relacionais intrafamiliares e de dependência química ao longo das gerações. Destaca-se a importância da perspectiva transgeracional para ampliar a compreensão e as possibilidades de intervenção dos dependentes químicos e suas famílias.
Fatores de risco e de proteção na adaptação à aposentadoria
Authors: Leandro-França Cristineide , Giardini Murta Sheila
Published: January 2015

Este ensaio tem como objetivo descrever fatores de risco e de proteção individuais, psicossociais e organizacionais que dificultam ou facilitam a adaptação do indivíduo à aposentadoria, a partir da literatura especializada. Destacam-se como fatores de risco as condições adversas: poucos recursos financeiros, doenças, ausência de rede social e laços familiares, falta de planejamento e aposentadoria involuntária. Atuam como fatores protetivos na adaptação à aposentadoria:ter autoeficácia, maior renda, educação, saúde, lazer, praticar atividades físicas, ser casado, ter rede social e realizar trabalho voluntário. São discutidas implicações destes achados para o planejamento de programas preventivos, os quais devem ser focados na ampliaçãode recursos pessoais, familiares e ambientais que facilitem o enfrentamento à transição para a aposentadoria.
A possibilidade da justiça transnacional da globalização
Authors: Cruz Paulo Márcio , Bodnar Zenildo
Published: January 2015

O presente artigo trata da globalização da justiça em seus sentidos mais abrangentes. Aborda aspectos dessa nova era que vem para conviver com a última modernidade e que, fatalmente, influência o Direito em seus diversos aspectos, indicando que ele precisa ser um modelo que diferencie, efetivamente, o ser humano, inteligente, criativo, dos demais seres vivos, tornando-o o grande promotor da preservação da natureza, ao contrário do que acontece atualmente. Seu objetivo geral é o de estabelecer as bases teóricas da necessidade de conjugação para as categorias justiça transnacional e globalização democrática. O trabalho se justifica pela necessidade de se buscar formas atualizadas de Direito e de Justiça, a partir dos sintomas da crise da última modernidade e do Estado Constitucional Moderno.
A systemic sociological theorem of global evolution
Authors: Pitasi Andrea
Published: January 2015

Starting from an interdisciplinary perspective this essay is focalized on the analysis regarding how the megatrends of demography, technological convergence and world order redesign are shaping a dematerialized global scenario in which a key bifurcation is emerging: on one side the Malthus Trap on the other one the Gegnet, the limitless opening of the possible. The abstraction level of the big data turn into meaningless each local based empirical research that is why the key epistemological challenge of this essay is to evolve the systemic paradigm comprehend big data and the methodological challenge is to draft a deductive nevertheless big data based, theorem of global evolution.
Desenvolvimento e tratamento especial e diferenciado na OMC: uma abordagem sob a perspectiva da doutrina do stare decisis
Authors: Saldanha Eduardo
Published: January 2015

O tema comércio internacional e desenvolvimento sob a perspectiva do tratamento especiale diferenciado tem sido objeto de debates acalorados, principalmente no que diz respeito àefetividade das regras existentes no âmbito da Organização Mundial do Comércio. A revisãodos mecanismos de tratamento especial e diferenciado e diferenciação tem sido objeto deobstáculos negociais que têm impedido que tais instrumentos sejam aplicados de forma àproporcionar uma diminuição das diferenças de desenvolvimento dos Membros da OMC.Uma das alternativas propostas é a possibilidade de utilização de precedentes vinculantescomo mecanismos passíveis de permitir a adaptação das normas existentes afim de que estas se aproximem da realidade efetiva dos Membros da OMC e respondam à problemática do desenvolvimento de forma mais específica.
O acesso à energia elétrica no Brasil sob a ótica do desenvolvimento como liberdade
Authors: Marinho Cavalcanti Hellen Priscilla
Published: January 2015

O presente artigo propõe-se a abordar a questão do acesso à energia elétrica como um dos pilares que constituem o conceito de desenvolvimento, sendo este aqui compreendido sob a ótica de Amartya Sen. Dessa forma, buscou-se respaldo na obra do mencionado autor, intitulada “Desenvolvimento como liberdade”, especialmente no tocante às mudanças sociais que decorrem da plena afirmação do conceito desenvolvimentista, conjugado com a democracia e as liberdades individuais. Não obstante, o acesso à energia elétrica está intimamente vinculado ao processo de desenvolvimento vivido por um país, daí decorrendo as suas políticas públicas. A distribuição de energia elétrica é uma das atividades mais essenciais para a vida moderna, consistindo tanto em causa como consequência do desenvolvimento das sociedades. A fundamentalidade do acesso à energia elétrica conecta-se também a elementos importantes, tais como a dignidade humana, a liberdade e a concretização de direitos fundamentais variados, tais como o direito à educação, à saúde, à moradia e ao lazer. As possibilidades que se abrem a partir do amplo acesso à energia elétrica permitem aos indivíduos o exercício de uma vida mais digna, ao mesmo tempo em que a liberdade de escolha que deriva do mencionado acesso é o caminho para o alcance da dignidade e do desenvolvimento.
Dignidade da pessoa humana diante da sanção penal e o monitoramento eletrônico sob a ótica dos direitos fundamentais
Authors: Mafra Sarmento Beserra Karoline
Published: January 2015

O presente artigo busca discorrer sobre a preservação da dignidade da pessoal humana diante da sanção penal, analisando a realidade do sistema carcerário brasileiro e as formas que o legislador vem buscando para manter a dignidade do preso, através da monitoração eletrônica. A atualidade do tema e as modificações introduzidas na legislação brasileira cumprem, neste artigo, demonstrar que o monitoramento eletrônico passou a ser uma alternativa legal à prisão processual, como forma de preservar a dignidade do preso, afastando, progressivamente, o uso desmedido da estrutura do sistema penitenciário tradicional, visto que este se encontra em profunda crise, que vem acarretando trágicos prejuízos ao homem que se submete à experiência do cotidiano prisional. Assim, por o cárcere, no atual sistema prisional brasileiro, corromper impiedosamente o cidadão, afastando do caminho da reeducação, impingindo-lhe a perpetuidade de um estigma destruidor e que obsta o processo de reinserção social, o legislador vem buscando mecanismo que pode afastar o contágio criminal de presos e a difusão dos efeitos negativos causados pela atual estrutura penitenciária, através do monitoramento eletrônico como forma de preservação e efetivação dos direitos fundamentais.
A Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia no Brasil: inserção e desenvolvimento institucional
Authors: Carvalho Francisco Luiz Gomes de
Published: January 2015

A inserção da Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia (IASD) em terras brasileiras é constituinte do espectro maior da empreitada estadunidense no Brasil, que, tendo feito da Europa solo fértil para evangelização, desembarcou em solo brasileiro nas correntes imigratórias europeias. Somente fundamentada em uma compreensão densamente elaborada é que se tornou inteligível a relação da inserção da IASD no continente sul-americano nas tramas da chegada do Protestantismo. Por sua vez, a compreensão acerca do processo de institucionalização denominacional que permeia a inserção e o desenvolvimento da IASD nestas terras é subjacentemente tecido com base nas considerações de reverberações weberianas e aponta que a inserção da IASD no Brasil manteve amplas e imbricadas relações com diversos fatores sociohistóricos que, por sua vez, atuaram como condicionantes.
Luteranismo e a Inquisição no Brasil Colônia (século XVI)
Authors: Britto Rossana , De Almeida Fábio Py Murta
Published: January 2015

O tema desta pesquisa abrange a penetração e a repressão inquisitorial portuguesa à chamada heresia luterana. Antes de qualquer comentário, é necessário dizer que o vocábulo “luterano”, na Época Moderna, era utilizado pelos inquisidores como termo genérico para identificar estrangeiros protestantes. O luteranismo no Brasil Colonial apresentou várias facetas: desde o luteranismo das naus ao luteranismo da terra firme, contando, também, com o luteranismo por adesão voluntária. Assim, no artigo objetiva-se problematizar alguns casos de sujeitos designados de luteranos pela mesa inquisitorial lisboeta com suas trajetórias e penalidades.
A precariedade do sistema prisional e a [T] responsabilidade do Estado brasileiro em face dos crimes de tortura praticados no cárcere à luz dos direitos humanos
Authors: Rangel Caio Mateus Caires , Bayer Diego Augusto
Published: January 2015

O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a precariedade do sistema prisional brasileiro e latino-americano, demonstrando as ofensas aos acordos internacionais que foram ratificados no âmbito dos Direitos Humanos. Este artigo busca investigar as mazelas do falido sistema prisional brasileiro, que dá ensejo à prática frequente de torturas no bojo das unidades carcerárias sob responsabilidade do Estado. Impende ainda evidenciar o papel da Organização dos Estados Americanos (OEA) quanto a denúncias da prática de tortura no sistema prisional brasileiro. A finalidade deste artigo versa justamente no sentido de demonstrar a falência do sistema prisional brasileiro e o descaso do Brasil em efetivar os compromissos assumidos na seara internacional de prevenir e punir a prática da tortura, o que pode levar a sanções internacionais. O direito de não ser torturado afigura-se no bojo das Constituições dos países como um direito fundamental, uma norma substancial que enfatiza a obrigação de se tratar pessoas encarceradas com dignidade e humanidade,  independentemente dos recursos materiais do Estado em questão.
Vertical Integration and Inventory Management Efficiency *
Authors: Huang Jun , Xue Shuang , Hong Yun
Published: January 2015

This paper investigates the role of vertical integration in the inventory management of a supply chain. Taking Chinese listed companies from 2001 to 2010 as our sample, we find that vertically integrated firms have lower inventory holdings and volatility, indicating that vertical integration improves firms’ inventory management efficiency. Further analyses show that this effect is more pronounced for firms located in regions with a lower level of marketisation and for firms facing higher demand volatility and business growth. In addition, the more thoroughly firms have accomplished vertical integration, the more greatly vertical integration increases inventory management efficiency. Finally, we find that the positive impact of vertical integration on inventory management is more significant in industries with no overcapacity, for diversified firms, and during non-crisis periods.
Do Politically Connected Independent Directors Help Chinese Listed Private Firms Enter High-Barrier Industries?1
Authors: Du Xingqiang , Zeng Quan , Du Yingjie
Published: January 2015

On the basis of hand-collected data on political connections, this study examines the impact of politically connected independent directors on Chinese listed private firms’ entry into high-barrier industries. Our findings reveal the following: (1) politically connected independent directors are significantly positively associated with the likelihood and the degree of Chinese listed private firms’ entry into high-barrier industries; (2) in comparison with politically connected chief executive officers (CEOs), the influence of politically connected independent directors on Chinese listed private firms’ entry into high-barrier industries is more pronounced in terms of both statistical and economic significance; (3) the rank of politically connected independent directors is significantly positively associated with the likelihood and the degree of Chinese listed private firms’ entry into high-barrier industries; (4) both the central- and local-level political connections of independent directors significantly impact the likelihood and the degree of Chinese listed private firms’ entry into high-barrier industries; (5) the influence of politically connected independent directors on the likelihood and the degree of Chinese listed private firms’ entry into high-barrier industries is greater than that of politically connected CEOs regardless of the rank and the level of political connections. Our study extends the extant literature on political connections.
Statistical Methods for Genome‐Wide and Sequencing Association Studies of Complex Traits in Related Samples
Authors: Thornton Timothy A.
Published: January 2015

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and sequencing studies are routinely conducted for the identification of genetic variants that are associated with complex traits. Many genetic studies for association mapping include related individuals. When relatives are included in an association analysis, familial correlations must be appropriately taken into account to ensure correct type I error and to increase power. This unit provides an overview of statistical methods that are available for GWAS and sequencing association studies of complex traits in samples with related individuals. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.