bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control Mechanisms of Static and Dynamic Balance in Adults With and Without Vestibular Dysfunction in Oculus Virtual Environments
Authors: Lubetzky Anat V. , Hujsak Bryan D. , Kelly Jennifer L. , Fu Gene , Perlin Ken
Published: November 2018

Background

Deficits in sensory integration and fear of falling in complex environments contribute to decreased participation of adults with vestibular disorders. With recent advances in virtual reality technology, head‐mounted displays are affordable and allow manipulation of the environment to test postural responses to visual changes.

Objectives

To develop an assessment of static and dynamic balance with the Oculus Rift and (1) to assess test‐retest reliability of each scene in adults with and without vestibular hypofunction; (2) to describe changes in directional path and sample entropy in response to changes in visuals and surface and compare between groups; and (3) to evaluate the relation between balance performance and self‐reported disability and balance confidence.

Design

Test‐retest, blocked‐randomized experimental design.

Setting

Research laboratory.

Participants

Twenty‐five adults with vestibular hypofunction and 16 age‐ and sex‐matched adults.

Methods

Participants stood on the floor or stability trainers while wearing the Oculus Rift. For 3 moving “stars” scenes, they stood naturally. For a “park” scene, they were asked to avoid a virtual ball. The protocol was repeated 1‐4 weeks later.

Outcome

Anteroposterior and mediolateral center‐of‐pressure directional path and sample entropy were derived from a force plate.

Results

We observed good to excellent reliability in the 2 groups, with most intraclass correlations above 0.8 and only 2 at approximately 0.4. The vestibular group had higher directional path for the stars scenes and lower directional path for the park scene compared with controls, with large variability in the 2 groups. Sample entropy decreased with more challenging environments. In the vestibular group, less balance confidence strongly correlated with more sway for the stars scenes and less sway for the park scene.

Conclusion

Virtual reality paradigms can shed light on the control mechanism of static and dynamic postural control. Clinical utility and implementation of our portable Oculus Rift assessment should be further studied.

Level of Evidence

II
On perpetuities with light tails
Authors: Kołodziejek Bartosz
Published: November 2018

In this paper we consider the asymptotics of logarithmic tails of a perpetuityR=D∑j=1∞Qj∏k=1j-1Mk, where (Mn,Qn)n=1∞are independent and identically distributed copies of (M,Q), for the case when ℙ(M∈[0,1))=1 andQhas all exponential moments. IfMandQare independent, under regular variation assumptions, we find the precise asymptotics of -logℙ(R>x) asx→∞. Moreover, we deal with the case of dependentMandQ, and give asymptotic bounds for -logℙ(R>x). It turns out that the dependence structure betweenMandQhas a significant impact on the asymptotic rate of logarithmic tails ofR. Such a phenomenon is not observed in the case of heavy-tailed perpetuities.
Branching-stable point measures and processes
Authors: Bertoin Jean , Cortines Aser , Mallein Bastien
Published: November 2018

We introduce and study the class of branching-stable point measures, which can be seen as an analog of stable random variables when the branching mechanism for point measures replaces the usual addition. In contrast with the classical theory of stable (Lévy) processes, there exists a rich family of branching-stable point measures with a negative scaling exponent, which can be described as certain Crump‒Mode‒Jagers branching processes. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of their cumulative distribution functions, that is, the number of atoms in (-∞, x] as x→∞, and further depict the genealogical lineage of typical atoms. For both results, we rely crucially on the work of Biggins (1977), (1992).
Nozzles, turbulence, and jet noise prediction
Authors: Freund Jonathan B.
Published: November 2018

Jet noise prediction is notoriously challenging because only subtle features of the flow turbulence radiate sound. The article by Brès et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 851, 2018, pp. 83–124) shows that a well-constructed modelling procedure for the nozzle turbulence can provide unprecedented sub-dB prediction accuracy with modest-scale large-eddy simulations, as confirmed by detailed comparison with turbulence and sound-field measurements. This both illuminates the essential mechanisms of the flow and facilitates prediction for engineering design.
Characteristics of the deforming bed: till properties on the deglaciated Antarctic continental shelf
Authors: HALBERSTADT ANNA RUTH W. , SIMKINS LAUREN M. , ANDERSON JOHN B. , PROTHRO LINDSAY O. , BART PHILIP J.
Published: November 2018

Contemporary ice stream flow is directly linked to conditions at the ice/bed interface, yet this environment is logistically difficult to access. Instead, we investigate subglacial processes important for ice stream flow by studying tills on the deglaciated Antarctic continental shelf. We test currently-accepted hypotheses surrounding subglacial processes and till properties with a Ross Sea dataset. Till shear strengths indicate a continuum of simultaneous processes acting at the bed, rather than discrete ‘deformation’ and ‘lodgement’ end-members. We identify a threshold water content representing saturated pore spaces, leading to basal sliding and meltwater channelization. Based on observations of till properties relative to glacial landforms, we challenge the assumption that low shear strength is linked to intense deformation. Spatial variability in landform morphology reflects variability in deforming processes at the sub-ice stream scale and suggests a maximum deforming bed thickness of 2 m at the grounding line. Regional till properties generally correlate with seafloor geology and deglacial history; the western Ross Sea is characterized by higher and more variable shear strengths and water contents, while lower-shear strength till was preserved in the Eastern Basin. These observations inform till interpretation and provide context for deforming beds beneath the modern ice sheet and on glaciated continental shelves.
Genetic and environmental influences on sociopolitical attitudes
Authors: Bell Edward , Kandler Christian , Riemann Rainer
Published: November 2018

A new paradigm has emerged in which both genetic and environmental factors are cited as possible influences on sociopolitical attitudes. Despite the increasing acceptance of this paradigm, several aspects of the approach remain underdeveloped. Specifically, limitations arise from a reliance on a twins-only design, and all previous studies have used self-reports only. There are also questions about the extent to which existing findings generalize cross-culturally. To address those issues, this study examined individual differences in liberalism/conservatism in a German sample that included twins, their parents, and their spouses and incorporated both self- and peer reports. The self-report findings from this extended twin family design were largely consistent with previous research that used that rater perspective, but they provided higher estimates of heritability, shared parental environmental influences, assortative mating, and genotype-environment correlation than the results from peer reports. The implications of these findings for the measurement and understanding of sociopolitical attitudes are explored.
Identification of chemical form of stable carbon released from type 304L and 316L stainless-steel powders in alkaline and acidic solutions under low-oxygen conditions
Authors: Nakabayashi Ryo , Fujita Tomonari
Published: November 2018

The chemical form of14C released from irradiated stainless steel is a key parameter in the safety assessment of the subsurface disposal system in Japan. In this study, to identify the chemical form of the released carbon, unirradiated stainless-steel powders, which were found to be water-atomized powders with a silicon oxide film, were immersed in NaOH and HCl solutions under low-oxygen conditions for approximately 25 days. The results showed that the main chemical forms of the carbon were colloidal carbon in the NaOH solution and colloidal carbon and formic and acetic acids in the HCl solution. Almost no hydrocarbons were detected in both solution systems. Concerning the source of the colloidal carbon and carboxylic acids, the hypothesis that carbon in the oxide layer is released is considered to be reasonable. The very small amounts of hydrocarbons generated prevented us from discussing the source of the hydrocarbons. To validate the hypothesis and obtain further information on the hydrocarbons, additional experiments are necessary. In particular, for long-term safety assessment, it is important to determine whether the colloidal carbon, carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons are continuously released during the corrosion process. Therefore, information on the temporal evolution of the carbon should be obtained.
Molecular and morphological characterization of Paurodontoides siddiqii n. sp. (Nematoda: Hexatylina, Sphaerulariidae) associated with bark samples of Pinus eldarica from western Iran
Authors: Esmaeili M. , Golhasan B. , Ye W. , Heydari R.
Published: November 2018

A new species of Paurodontoides, P. siddiqii n. sp., is described and illustrated based on its morphological, morphometric, and molecular characters. The new species is characterized by a female 550–729 μm long, lip region continuous with body contour, stylet length 7.0–8.0 μm long or c. 1.0–1.2 times the lip region diameter, lateral fields with four smooth incisures, excretory pore at 85–125 μm from anterior end located at the base of the pharyngeal bulb or posterior to it, basal pharyngeal bulb with a short posterior extension projecting into the intestine, monodelphic–prodelphic reproductive system with prominent 19–22 μm long post-uterine sac, and elongate conoid tail with a filiform terminus. The new species is compared with two known species of the genus. It differs from the type species of the genus, P. linfordi, by having slightly shorter stylet, lateral field with smooth incisures, different position of the excretory pore, and absence of male. Compared to P. latus, the new species has a shorter body, shorter stylet, different position of the excretory pore, female tail shape and absence of male. The new species was also compared with close species of the genus Paurodontus because of lateral field marked with four lines, asymmetrical stylet knobs and absence of male. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the new species using partial sequences of 18S rDNA revealed that it forms a clade with a species of the genus Ficotylus. In phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences of the 28S rDNA D2-D3 domain, the new species formed a monophyletic group with a species of the genus Veleshkinema and Sphaerularia spp. (Sphaerulariinae).
Pockets of Weakness in Strong Institutions: Post-Marketing Regulation, Psychopharmaceutical Drugs, and Medical Autonomy, 1938–1982
Authors: Nachlis Herschel
Published: November 2018

A central question in the study of health politics and policy is the degree to which the state can shape American medicine. This long-standing debate began amid early battles over health insurance and continues through the contemporary opioid epidemic. Unlike recent and post–Affordable Care Act claims emphasizing the federal government's strong ability to intervene in healthcare marketplaces, this article supports claims of medicine's autonomy from political intervention, drawing on an extensive analysis of recurrent, halting, and largely unsuccessful efforts to regulate popular psychopharmaceutical drugs from the 1940s through the 1980s. I first develop an account of a “pocket of weakness,” the post-marketing pharmaceutical regulatory process, in an otherwise strong institution, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). I then demonstrate how this regulatory structure, interacting with policymakers’ incentives, caused constrained responses, inaction, and drift. Amid concerns about misuse, overuse, abuse, side effects, and addiction, regulators and legislators found it difficult to restrict access to or disincentivize the prescription and consumption of problematic therapeutics, in spite of their varied and repeated regulatory efforts. This elaboration of a pocket of weakness has important theoretical implications for historical institutionalist scholarship that principally focuses on state strength. This account also has substantive implications for scholarship on health politics and policy, mental health treatment, and the political causes of medicalization, and can help explain the opioid epidemic's emergence, potential trajectory, and circumscribed solution set.
Indexation to stems and words
Authors: Jurgec Peter , Bjorkman Bronwyn M.
Published: November 2018

This paper presents an extension of indexed constraints, such that they can apply not only to individual morphemes, but also to potentially complex constituents such as the stem. This modification allows us to capture a class of long-distance morphologically derived environment effects (MDEEs) that have been previously unexplained. MDEEs typically involve an exceptional phonological pattern that is lost under affixation. Formally, MDEEs are predicted if complex constituents such as stems are treated as lexically exceptional only when every morpheme contained within them is independently exceptional. This approach further predicts asymmetries between bare roots and affixed words, between roots and affixes, and between inflected and derived words. All other things being equal, the first of each pair is more likely to be exceptional in more contexts.
Reconsidering the Crisis Agreements of the 1930s: The Defence of Democracy in a Comparative Scandinavian Perspective
Authors: Krake Kristina
Published: November 2018

This article examines the Scandinavian countries’ response to extreme political movements in the interwar period. Historians have considered the crisis agreements of the 1930s as pivotal to Scandinavian resistance to fascism. The present article revises this explanation by conducting a comparative empirical study of political practice and rhetoric. The comparison makes it clear that the socio-economic measures were primarily aimed at combating the economic crisis. However, the social democratic labour parties conceptualised their social and economic policy as a defence of democracy after Hitler seized power in Germany. The findings indicate that the social democratic solution to the depression in Scandinavia left no political space for either communism or fascism.
Maternal postpartum plasma folate status and preterm birth in a high-risk US population
Authors: Olapeju Bolanle , Saifuddin Ahmed , Wang Guoying , Ji Yuelong , Hong Xiumei , Raghavan Ramkripa , Summers Amber , Keiser Amaris , Ji Hongkai , Zuckerman Barry , Yarrington Christina , Hao Lingxin , Surkan Pamela J , Cheng Tina L , Wang Xiaobin
Published: November 2018

Objective

While maternal folate deficiency has been linked to poor pregnancy outcomes such as neural tube defects, anaemia and low birth weight, the relationship between folate and preterm birth (PTB) in the context of the US post-folic acid fortification era is inconclusive. We sought to explore the relationship between maternal folate status and PTB and its subtypes, i.e. spontaneous and medically indicated PTB.

Design

Observational study.

Setting

Boston Birth Cohort, a predominantly urban, low-income, race/ethnic minority population at a high risk for PTB.

Participants

Mother–infant dyads (n 7675) enrolled in the Boston Birth Cohort. A sub-sample (n 2313) of these dyads had maternal plasma folate samples collected 24–72 h after delivery.

Results

Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regressions revealed an inverse relationship between the frequency of multivitamin supplement intake and PTB. Compared with less frequent use, multivitamin supplement intake 3–5 times/week (adjusted OR (aOR) = 0·78; 95 % CI 0·64, 0·96) or >5 times/week (aOR = 0·77; 95 % CI 0·64, 0·93) throughout pregnancy was associated with reduced risk of PTB. Consistently, higher plasma folate levels (highest v. lowest quartile) were associated with lower risk of PTB (aOR = 0·74; 95 % CI 0·56, 0·97). The above associations were similar among spontaneous and medically indicated PTB.

Conclusions

If confirmed by future studies, our findings raise the possibility that optimizing maternal folate levels across pregnancy may help to reduce the risk of PTB among the most vulnerable US population in the post-folic acid fortification era.
Recombinant inbred lines derived from cultivars of pea for understanding the genetic basis of variation in breeders' traits
Authors: Moreau Carol , Knox Maggie , Turner Lynda , Rayner Tracey , Thomas Jane , Philpott Haidee , Belcher Steve , Fox Keith , Ellis Noel , Domoney Claire
Published: November 2018

In order to gain an understanding of the genetic basis of traits of interest to breeders, the pea varieties Brutus, Enigma and Kahuna were selected, based on measures of their phenotypic and genotypic differences, for the construction of recombinant inbred populations. Reciprocal crosses were carried out for each of the three pairs, and over 200 F2 seeds from each cross advanced to F13. Bulked F7 seeds were used to generate F8–F11 bulks, which were grown in triplicated plots within randomized field trials and used to collect phenotypic data, including seed weight and yield traits, over a number of growing seasons. Genetic maps were constructed from the F6 generation to support the analysis of qualitative and quantitative traits and have led to the identification of four major genetic loci involved in seed weight determination and at least one major locus responsible for variation in yield. Three of the seed weight loci, at least one of which has not been described previously, were associated with the marrowfat seed phenotype. For some of the loci identified, candidate genes have been identified. The F13 single seed descent lines are available as a germplasm resource for the legume and pulse crop communities.
Alkoholkonsum während der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Römer Pia , Reinelt Tilman , Petermann Franz , Teickner Claudia
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Kinder sind bereits im Mutterleib sensitiv für Umwelteinflüsse. Pränataler Alkoholkonsum zählt dabei zu den einflussreichsten Risikofaktoren für die frühkindliche Entwicklung. Das Ziel ist es, einen Überblick über die aktuelle Forschungslage zum Thema Alkoholkonsum während der Schwangerschaft zu geben. Darüber hinaus wird der Forschungsstand zu Belastungen und Folgeschäden für die frühkindliche Entwicklung durch pränatale Alkoholexposition, aber auch zu weiteren Risikofaktoren zusammengefasst. Es wird gezeigt, dass das Wissen um die Prävalenz für Alkoholkonsum während der Schwangerschaft sowohl für die Erforschung der Folgen als auch für das Umsetzen von präventiven Maßnahmen ausschlaggebend ist. Die Prävalenzen unterscheiden sich nicht nur regional, sondern können auch durch andere Faktoren beeinflusst werden. Es wird deutlich, dass der Risikofaktor Alkohol und dessen mögliche Auswirkungen auf die frühkindliche Entwicklung nicht isoliert, sondern in Abhängigkeit von weiteren genetischen und Umweltfaktoren betrachtet werden müssen. Denn auch Folgen von weiteren perinatalen Risikofaktoren machen sich in den ersten beiden Lebensjahren bemerkbar. Beispiele für Entwicklungsstörungen in dieser Entwicklungsspanne sind externalisierendes Verhalten und kognitive Beeinträchtigungen. Inwieweit sich perinatale Risikofaktoren jedoch auf Entwicklungsverläufe von Kindern, die durch pränatalen Alkoholkonsum belastet sind, auswirken, erfasst eine umfassende Diskussion. Diese Lücke gilt es zu schließen um das Zusammenspiel perinataler Risiken genauer zu verstehen und adäquat entgegenwirken zu können.
Die Rolle von Partnerschaft, Erziehung und Elternstress beim Problemverhalten von Kindern im Vorschulalter
Authors: Feldkötter Anna-Leena , Thomsen Tamara , Lessing Nora
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Das Elternhaus bildet für Kinder, insbesondere in jüngeren Lebensjahren, den zentralen Lebensraum. Dabei sind Eltern die ersten und engsten Bezugspersonen und tragen für die Entwicklung und Entfaltung der Kinder Verantwortung. Die vorliegende Fragebogenstudie untersucht bei N = 81 Elternteilen und ihren Kindern im Alter von 3 bis 6 Jahren (M = 5.22 J., SD = 0.86) den Zusammenhang von Partnerschaftszufriedenheit, positiven sowie negativen Erziehungsverhaltensweisen und Elternstress auf das kindliche Problemverhalten. Multiple Regressionsanalysen zeigen, dass der negative Zusammenhang zwischen der Partnerschaftszufriedenheit und dem kindlichen Problemverhalten vollständig über das negative Erziehungsverhalten bzw. den Elternstress vermittelt wird. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen somit die Spillover-Hypothese und nicht die Kompensationshypothese. Insgesamt legen die Befunde zudem den Schluss nahe, dass negatives Erziehungsverhalten mehr negative Verhaltensweisen der Kinder begünstigt, als positives Erziehungsverhalten dieses vermeidet.
Bipartisan Legislation Would Put a Price on Carbon
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: November 2018

A bill introduced in Congress yesterday could help cut U.S. carbon pollution by 40% in 10 years.
Characteristic Earthquake Magnitude Frequency Distributions on Faults Calculated From Consensus Data in California
Authors: Parsons Tom , Geist Eric L. , Console Rodolfo , Carluccio Roberto
Published: November 2018

An estimate of the expected earthquake rate at all possible magnitudes is needed for seismic hazard forecasts. Regional earthquake magnitude frequency distributions obey a negative exponential law (Gutenberg‐Richter), but it is unclear if individual faults do. We add three new methods to calculate long‐term California earthquake rupture rates to the existing Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast version 3 efforts to assess method and parameter dependence on magnitude frequency results for individual faults. All solutions show strongly characteristic magnitude‐frequency distributions on the San Andreas and other faults, with higher rates of large earthquakes than would be expected from a Gutenberg‐Richter distribution. This is a necessary outcome that results from fitting high fault slip rates under the overall statewide earthquake rate budget. We find that input data choices can affect the nucleation magnitude‐frequency distribution shape for the San Andreas Fault; solutions are closer to a Gutenberg‐Richter distribution if the maximum magnitude allowed for earthquakes that occur away from mapped faults (background events) is raised above the consensus threshold ofM = 7.6, if the moment rate for background events is reduced, or if the overall maximum magnitude is reduced fromM = 8.5. We also find that participation magnitude‐frequency distribution shapes can be strongly affected by slip rate discontinuities along faults that may be artifacts related to segment boundaries.
Evaluation of Gridded Precipitation Data and Interpolation Methods for Forest Fire Danger Rating in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Cai Xinli , Wang Xianli , Jain Piyush , Flannigan Mike D.
Published: November 2018

The Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System is the primary measurement of wildfire danger in Canada. Interpolating daily precipitation, one of the inputs for the Fire Weather Index System is a key challenge in areas without sufficient weather stations. This work evaluates the performance of gridded precipitation from the Canadian Precipitation Analysis (CaPA) System and six interpolation methods to achieve the best fire danger rating in Alberta, Canada. Results show that the CaPA System has only average performance due to limited radar coverage (10%) in the forested region; however, using the CaPA System as a covariate with regression kriging generates significantly better precipitation estimates. Ordinary kriging, regression kriging with elevation as a covariate, and the thin‐plate smoothed spline are methods with similar performance. Fuel moisture codes of the Fire Weather Index System respond differently to precipitation amounts due to differences in their time constants for drying. Fine fuels with a short drying time (Fine Fuel Moisture Code) are best estimated by the CaPA System because of its enhanced skill in estimating small precipitation events. Compacted organic fuels with longer drying times (Duff Moisture Code and Drought Code) are best estimated by regression kriging with CaPA because it better predicts significant precipitation events. The dense fire weather station network in our study area (~3.0 stations/10,000 km2) allows us to perform a sensitivity analysis, and we find that a threshold of >0.5 stations/10,000 km2is needed for regression kriging with CaPA to become appreciably better than the CaPA System.
NSD2 is a conserved driver of metastatic prostate cancer progression
Authors: Aytes Alvaro , Giacobbe Arianna , Mitrofanova Antonina , Ruggero Katia , Cyrta Joanna , Arriaga Juan , Palomero Luis , Farran-Matas Sonia , Rubin Mark A. , Shen Michael M. , Califano Andrea , Abate-Shen Cory
Published: November 2018

Deciphering cell-intrinsic mechanisms of metastasis progression in vivo is essential to identify novel therapeutic approaches. Here we elucidate cell-intrinsic drivers of metastatic prostate cancer progression through analyses of genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) and correlative studies of human prostate cancer. Expression profiling of lineage-marked cells from mouse primary tumors and metastases defines a signature of de novo metastatic progression. Cross-species master regulator analyses comparing this mouse signature with a comparable human signature identifies conserved drivers of metastatic progression with demonstrable clinical and functional relevance. In particular, nuclear receptor binding SET Domain Protein 2 (NSD2) is robustly expressed in lethal prostate cancer in humans, while its silencing inhibits metastasis of mouse allografts in vivo. We propose that cross-species analysis can elucidate mechanisms of metastasis progression, thus providing potential additional therapeutic opportunities for treatment of lethal prostate cancer.
Trisomy silencing by XIST normalizes Down syndrome cell pathogenesis demonstrated for hematopoietic defects in vitro
Authors: Chiang Jen-Chieh , Jiang Jun , Newburger Peter E. , Lawrence Jeanne B.
Published: November 2018

We previously demonstrated that an integrated XIST transgene can broadly repress one chromosome 21 in Down syndrome (DS) pluripotent cells. Here we address whether trisomy-silencing can normalize cell function and development sufficiently to correct cell pathogenesis, tested in an in vitro model of human fetal hematopoiesis, for which DS cellular phenotypes are best known. XIST induction in four transgenic clones reproducibly corrected over-production of megakaryocytes and erythrocytes, key to DS myeloproliferative disorder and leukemia. A contrasting increase in neural stem and iPS cells shows cell-type specificity, supporting this approach successfully rebalances the hematopoietic developmental program. Given this, we next used this system to extend knowledge of hematopoietic pathogenesis on multiple points. Results demonstrate trisomy 21 expression promotes over-production of CD43+ but not earlier CD34+/CD43−progenitors and indicates this is associated with increased IGF signaling. This study demonstrates proof-of-principle for this epigenetic-based strategy to investigate, and potentially mitigate, DS developmental pathologies.
Macrophage cells secrete factors including LRP1 that orchestrate the rejuvenation of bone repair in mice
Authors: Vi Linda , Baht Gurpreet S. , Soderblom Erik J. , Whetstone Heather , Wei Qingxia , Furman Bridgette , Puviindran Vijitha , Nadesan Puviindran , Foster Matthew , Poon Raymond , White James P. , Yahara Yasuhito , Ng Adeline , Barrientos Tomasa , Grynpas Marc , Mosely M. Arthur , Alman Benjamin A.
Published: November 2018

The pace of repair declines with age and, while exposure to a young circulation can rejuvenate fracture repair, the cell types and factors responsible for rejuvenation are unknown. Here we report that young macrophage cells produce factors that promote osteoblast differentiation of old bone marrow stromal cells. Heterochronic parabiosis exploiting young mice in which macrophages can be depleted and fractionated bone marrow transplantation experiments show that young macrophages rejuvenate fracture repair, and old macrophage cells slow healing in young mice. Proteomic analysis of the secretomes identify differential proteins secreted between old and young macrophages, such as low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (Lrp1). Lrp1 is produced by young cells, and depleting Lrp1 abrogates the ability to rejuvenate fracture repair, while treating old mice with recombinant Lrp1 improves fracture healing. Macrophages and proteins they secrete orchestrate the fracture repair process, and young cells produce proteins that rejuvenate fracture repair in mice.
Publisher Correction: Synthesis of nanobelt-like 1-dimensional silver/nanocarbon hybrid materials for flexible and wearable electronics
Authors: Han Joong Tark , Jang Jeong In , Cho Joon Young , Hwang Jun Yeon , Woo Jong Seok , Jeong Hee Jin , Jeong Seung Yol , Seo Seon Hee , Lee Geon-Woong
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Effects of influent COD/N ratios on nitrous oxide emission in a sequencing biofilm batch reactor for simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal
Authors: Ge Guanghuan , Zhao Jianqiang , Li Xiaoling , Ding Xiaoqian , Chen Aixia , Chen Ying , Hu Bo , Wang Sha
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Effective nose-to-brain delivery of exendin-4 via coadministration with cell-penetrating peptides for improving progressive cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Kamei Noriyasu , Okada Nobuyuki , Ikeda Takamasa , Choi Hayoung , Fujiwara Yui , Okumura Haruka , Takeda-Morishita Mariko
Published: November 2018

In a recent study, we demonstrated the potential of a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) penetratin to deliver the peptide drug insulin to the brain via nasal administration, and its pharmacological effect on the mild cognitive dysfunction in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAMP8). However, the therapeutic potential of intranasal insulin administration was attenuated when applied to the aged SAMP8 with severe cognitive dysfunction. The present study, therefore, aimed to overcome the difficulty in treating severe cognitive dysfunction using insulin by investigating potential alternatives, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists such as exendin-4. Examination using normal ddY mice demonstrated that the distribution of exendin-4 throughout the brain was dramatically increased by intranasal coadministration with the L-form of penetratin. The activation of hippocampal insulin signaling after the simultaneous nose-to-brain delivery of exendin-4 and an adequate level of insulin were confirmed by analyzing the phosphorylation of Akt. Furthermore, spatial learning ability, evaluated in the Morris water maze test after daily administration of exendin-4 with L-penetratin and supplemental insulin for 4 weeks, suggested therapeutic efficacy against severe cognitive dysfunction. The present study suggests that nose-to-brain delivery of exendin-4 with supplemental insulin, mediated by CPP coadministration, shows promise for the treatment of progressive cognitive dysfunction in SAMP8.
Diiron(ii) pentacarbonyl complexes as CO-releasing molecules: their synthesis, characterization, CO-releasing behaviour and biocompatibility
Authors: Xiao Zhiyin , Jiang Ran , Jin Jing , Yang Xiuqin , Xu Binyu , Liu Xiaoming , He Yabing , He Yi
Published: November 2018

The diiron(ii) complexes liberated CO in a variety of solvents and the CO-releasing pathway was solvent-dependent. In less polar solvents, the CO-release went through a triiron intermediate. Cytotoxicity of the complexes varied with the halide and the thiolate.
Effect of the food form and structure on lipid digestion and postprandial lipaemic response
Authors: Dias Cintia B. , Zhu Xiangqian , Thompson Abby K. , Singh Harjinder , Garg Manohar L.
Published: November 2018

As the food matrix is a determinant of the rate of fat digestion and absorption, it is important for the modulation of postprandial triglyceridaemia.
Ferulic acid regulates muscle fiber type formation through the Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , Guo Yafei , Jia Gang , Zhao Hua , Liu Guangmang , Huang Zhiqing
Published: November 2018

Ferulic acid promotes slow-twitch and inhibits fast-twitch myofiber formation via Sirt1/AMPK.
Anthracene–rhodium complexes with metal coordination at the central ring – a new class of catalysts for reductive amination
Authors: Kuchuk Ekaterina , Muratov Karim , Perekalin Dmitry S. , Chusov Denis
Published: November 2018

A new class of anthracene–metal complexes with central ring coordination was tested in catalysis. A simple and efficient protocol for reductive amination without an external hydrogen source has been developed.
A mitochondria-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift for real-time detection of hypochlorous acid
Authors: Jiao Xiaojie , Huang Kun , He Song , Liu Chang , Zhao Liancheng , Zeng Xianshun
Published: November 2018

A real-time mitochondria-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probeLhas been synthesized with large Stokes shifts, and high selectivity and sensitivity.
Nanocellulose/polypyrrole aerogel electrodes with higher conductivity via adding vapor grown nano-carbon fibers as conducting networks for supercapacitor application
Authors: Chen Yanping , Lyu Shaoyi , Han Shenjie , Chen Zhilin , Wang Wenjun , Wang Siqun
Published: November 2018

The electrochemical performances of nanocellulose-based electrode materials were improved via building nano-carbon conducting networks.
Small-scale screening of novel biobased monomers: the curious case of 1,3-cyclopentanediol
Authors: Noordzij G. J. , Dietz C. H. J. T. , Leoné N. , Wilsens C. H. R. M. , Rastogi S.
Published: November 2018

In this work, we report on the small scale polycondensation and consecutive analysis of novel polyesters based on the potentially renewable 1,3-cyclopentanediol (CPdiol).
Decomposition kinetics for HONO and HNO2
Authors: Chen Xi , Fuller Mark E. , Franklin Goldsmith C.
Published: November 2018

This work presents a detailed investigation into the isomerization and decomposition of HONO and HNO2.
Effect of mechanical forces on thermal stability reinforcement for lead based perovskite materials
Authors: Ding Dong , Li Henan , Li Jieni , Li Zibo , Yao Huizhen , Liu Lai , Tian Bing Bing , Su Chenliang , Chen Fuming , Shi Yumeng
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate that the thermal decomposition reaction of lead based perovskites could be reversed by mechanical forces.
Polymeric and ceramic silicon-based coatings – a review
Authors: Barroso Gilvan , Li Quan , Bordia Rajendra K. , Motz Günter
Published: November 2018

From precursors to novel polymeric and ceramic coatings with tailored properties. The first review on coatings based on silicon preceramic polymers.
A self-supported, three-dimensional porous copper film as a current collector for advanced lithium metal batteries
Authors: Shi Yujun , Wang Zhenbin , Gao Hui , Niu Jiazheng , Ma Wensheng , Qin Jingyu , Peng Zhangquan , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: November 2018

3D porous Cu foil fabricated by the painting–alloying–dealloying method exhibits excellent electrochemical performance as a current collector for Li metal batteries.
Blue phosphorene/graphene heterostructure as a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries: a first-principles study with vibrational analysis techniques
Authors: Li Yan , Wu Wenting , Ma Fei
Published: November 2018

Blue phosphorene/graphene heterostructure as the anode has tremendous potential to improve the energy performance of Li-ion battery.
LiCr(MoO4)2: a new high specific capacity cathode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Feng Kai , Wang Fuxiang , Yang Xin , Zhang Hongzhang , Li Xianfeng , Zhang Huamin
Published: November 2018

A new deintercalation–intercalation type molybdate polyanion cathode material LiCr(MoO4)2 delivers high specific capacity and rate performances.
Screening of pH-responsive long-circulating polysaccharide–drug conjugate nanocarriers for antitumor applications
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Li Dandan , Huang Jun , Ou Kunyong , Yan Binyuan , Shi Fu , Zhang Jiayuan , Zhang Junfu , Pang Jun , Kang Yang , Wu Jun
Published: November 2018

Schematic illustration of the development of long-circulating pH-responsive polysaccharide–DOX prodrug nanoparticles for antitumor applications.
A multifunctional near-infrared laser-triggered drug delivery system using folic acid conjugated chitosan oligosaccharide encapsulated gold nanorods for targeted chemo-photothermal therapy
Authors: Manivasagan Panchanathan , Jun Seung Won , Nguyen Van Tu , Truong Nguyen Thanh Phong , Hoang Giang , Mondal Sudip , Santha Moorthy Madhappan , Kim Hyehyun , Vy Phan Thi Tuong , Doan Vu Hoang Minh , Kim Chang-Seok , Oh Junghwan
Published: November 2018

FA–COS–TGA–GNRs–DOX have been successfully designed as a drug delivery system for chemo-photothermal combination therapy.
Robust luminescent small molecules with aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence for efficient solution-processed OLEDs
Authors: Huang Jian , Xu Zeng , Cai Zheyi , Guo Jingjing , Guo Jiali , Shen Pingchuan , Wang Zhiming , Zhao Zujin , Ma Dongge , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2018

New luminescent materials with aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence are developed and used to fabricate efficient solution-processed OLEDs with an extremely small efficiency roll-off.
A simple model to solve a complex drug toxicity problem
Authors: Dixit Vaibhav A.
Published: November 2018

DTI redefines drug toxicity, identifies hepatotoxic drugs, gives mechanistic insights, predicts clinical outcomes and has potential use as a screening tool.
A Novel Coordination Scheme of Virtual Inertia Control and Digital Protection for Microgrid Dynamic Security Considering High Renewable Energy Penetration
Authors: Magdy Gaber , Shabib G. , Elbaset Adel A. , Mitani Yasunori
Published: November 2018

With rapid growth of renewable energy sources (RESs) in modern power systems, the microgrids (µGs) have become more susceptible to the disturbances (e.g. large frequency/voltage fluctuations) than the conventional power systems due to decreasing their inertia constant. This low system inertia issue could affect the µGs stability and resiliency in the situation of uncertainties, thus threaten their dynamic security. Hence, preserving µG dynamic security is one of the important challenges, which is addressed in this study. Therefore, this study proposes a novel concept of frequency control incorporating a virtual inertia control‐based optimal proportional–integral controller to emulate virtual inertia into the µG control loop, thus stabilising µG frequency during high penetration of RESs. Moreover, the proposed virtual inertia control system is coordinated with digital over/under frequency protection for enhancement of the frequency stability and preservation of the µG dynamic security because of the high integration level of the RESs. The simulation results of the studied µG are carried out using MATLAB/Simulink® software to validate the effectiveness of the proposed coordination scheme. Results approved that the proposed coordination scheme can effectively regulate the µG frequency and guarantee robust performance to preserve the dynamic security of µG with high penetration of RESs for different contingencies.
Das Einpersonenrollenspiel
Authors: Sachse Rainer , Fasbender Jana
Published: November 2018

Das Einpersonenrollenspiel kann eingesetzt werden, wenn ein problemrelevantes,
dysfunktionales Schema hinreichend geklärt ist und nun bearbeitet werden
soll: Das Schema soll systematisch hinterfragt, disputiert, widerlegt und
durch funktionale Annahmen ersetzt werden.
E-Mental-Health
Authors: Senger Katharina
Published: November 2018

Technologischer Fortschritt

Rapide technologische Fortschritte, gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen hin zu einer
„vernetzen Welt“, aus der Smartphones und ein unbegrenzter Internetzugang nicht mehr
weg zu denken sind sowie die hohe Nachfrage nach psychosozialer Unterstützung bei
gleichzeitig nicht ausreichendem Versorgungsangebot, sind Gründe für die Nutzung
neuer Technologien in der psychosozialen Versorgung. E-Mental-Health, d. h.
Internetgestützte Interventionen, stellen hierbei eine orts- und zeitunabhängige
Alternative dar.
Fallbericht: Spritzenphobie
Authors: Wentworth-Perry Anne , Pyrkosch Lena , Ströhle Andreas , Heimerl Bernd , Paulusson Kerstin
Published: November 2018

„Ich will keine Angst haben müssen, wenn ich zum Arzt gehe”Eine 75-jährige
Patientin leidet bereits seit ihrer Jugend unter einer
Blut-Injektions-Verletzungs-Phobie. Aufgrund einer wachsenden Anzahl von
Arztterminen kann sie ihre Ängste jedoch nicht mehr vermeiden. Zum ersten Mal im
Leben kämpft sie gegen ihre schlimmsten Befürchtungen.
Antihormonelle Therapie des Prostatakarzinoms − Behandlungsindikation und kardiovaskuläres Risikoprofil − Vorteil für GnRH-Antagonisten?
Authors: Höfner Thomas
Published: November 2018

Das Prostatakarzinom ist die häufigste urologische Tumorerkrankung des Mannes. Im lokalisierten Tumorstadium in Kombination mit der Strahlentherapie und insbesondere im fortgeschrittenen metastasierten Tumorstadium stellt die klassische antihormonelle Therapie ein wesentliches Therapieverfahren dar. Seit ca. 10 Jahren nimmt unser Wissen um das kardiovaskuläre Risiko dieser Therapie ständig zu. Die hier vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit stellt die wesentlichen Arbeiten zum kardiovaskulären Risiko der antihormonellen Therapie vor und beschreibt im Besonderen die aktuellen Daten zum kardiovaskulären Risiko beim Einsatz der GnRH-Antagonisten. Die multizentrische prospektive PRONOUNCE-Studie soll die Frage nach einem tatsächlichen Vorteil der GnRH-Antagonisten-Therapie im Vergleich zur klassischen LHRH-Analoga-Therapie im Hinblick auf kardiovaskuläre Ereignisse detaillierter beantworten. Der Artikel stellt weiterhin das Problem der heutigen antihormonellen Übertherapie trotz fehlender wissenschaftlicher Evidenz heraus und weist auf eine verbesserte Patientenselektion für den Einsatz der antihormonellen Therapie hin.
Preoperative CHA2DS2-VASc Score Predicts Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation after Lobectomy
Authors: Lee Charles , Strauss David , Stone Lauren , Stoltzfus Jill , Puc Matthew , Burfeind William
Published: November 2018

Background Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) affects 10 to 20% of noncardiac thoracic surgeries and increases patient morbidity and costs. The purpose of this study is to determine if preoperative CHA2DS2-VASc score can predict POAF after pulmonary lobectomy for nonsmall cell lung cancer.

Methods Patients with complete CHA2DS2-VASc data who underwent lobectomies from January 2007 to January 2016 at a single institution were analyzed in a retrospective case–control study using a prospective database. An independent samples t-test was used to compare the mean CHA2DS2-VASc scores of POAF and non-POAF groups. A multivariable logistic regression analysis (MVA) evaluated the independent contribution of variables of the CHA2DS2-VASc score in predicting POAF. Chi-square test with univariate odds ratios (ORs) was used to determine a statistically significant cutoff score for predicting POAF.

Results Of 525 total patients, 82 (15.6%) developed POAF (mean CHA2DS2-VASc score: 2.7) and 443 (84.4%) did not develop POAF (mean score: 2.3). Mean difference between these groups was significant at 0.43 (p = 0.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.76). In the MVA, significant predictors of POAF were age 65 to 74 years (adjusted OR [aOR] = 2.45; 95% CI: 1.31–4.70; p = 0.006) and age ≥75 years (aOR = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.62–5.95; p = 0.0006). Patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≥5 had significantly increased OR for POAF (OR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.22–5.50).

Conclusions Preoperatively calculated CHA2DS2-VASc score can predict POAF in patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy. Age is the most statistically significant independent predictor, and patients with scores ≥5 have significantly increased risk. Trials for POAF prophylaxis should target this population.
Hypophosphatasie
Authors: Roth A. , Seefried L. , Hennings R.
Published: November 2018

Die Hypophosphatasie (HPP) ist eine seltene, vererbbare Erkrankung mit Beteiligung des Knochen- und Mineralstoffwechsels. Verursachende Mutationen des ALPL-Gens (OMIM 171760) führen zu einer gestörten Aktivität der gewebeunspezifischen alkalischen Phosphatase (TNAP), welche eine entscheidende Funktion in der Skelettmineralisation hat. Die im Serum gemessene alkalische Phsophatase (AP) setzt sich zu 90 % aus der TNAP zusammen und stellt den laborchemischen Leitparameter dar. Erhöhte Serumkonzentrationen der Substrate der TNAP, insbesondere Phyridoxal- 5`-Phosphat (PLP) unterstützen die Diagnostik. Die Diagnosesicherung kann mittels molekulargenetischer Analyse des ALPL-Gens erfolgen. Anhand des Manifestationsalters werden mehrere Formen (perinatale, infantile, kindliche und adulte odonto-HPP) unterschieden. Eine Unterscheidung der Formen ist oft nicht sicher möglich. Neben dem Skelettapparat können zahlreiche Organsysteme (ZNS, Lunge, Gastrointestinaltrakt, Nieren) betroffen sein, sodass die HPP als metabolische Multisystemerkrankung gewertet werden sollte. Schwere kindliche Formen sind mit einer hohen Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden. Eine kurative Therapie steht aktuell nicht zur Verfügung. Bei allen Manifestationsformen zielen die therapeutischen Maßnahmen auf eine Verbesserung der krankheitsassoziierten Symptome und Vermeidung von Komplikationen. Seit 2015 steht mit dem rekombinanten Enzym Asfotase alfa (Strensiq®) ein Präparat zur Enzymersatztherapie für HPP-Formen mit nachgewiesener Erstmanifestation im Kindesalter zur Therapie der Skelettmanifestation zur Verfügung.
Symptoms Matter: A Symptomatic but Radiographically Elusive Ascending Aortic Dissection
Authors: Papanikolaou Dimitra , Zafar Mohammad , Tanweer Maryam , Imran Mahnoor , Abdelbaky Mohamed , Ziganshin Bulat , Elefteriades John
Published: November 2018

Symptoms attributable to a thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) are a separate indication for prophylactic repair, irrespective of aortic size. We present the case of a 56-year-old female with a history of a thoracic ascending aortic aneurysm (TAAA) and four other heart and arch vessel abnormalities who presented to us with chest pain radiating to her back. Computed Tomography and echocardiography showed no evidence of a dissection and revealed a maximal ascending aortic diameter of 4.2 cm. The patient subsequently underwent root-sparing ascending aortic and hemiarch replacement due to her threatening symptomatology. A focal dissection was discovered intraoperatively, resembling a similar case previously reported by our team.