bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formalne aspekty pozasądowego rozwiązywania sporów przed Rzecznikiem Finansowym
Authors: Piwowarczyk Marika
Published: April 2021

The study concerns one of the methods of amicable settlement of consumer disputes i.e. out-of-court settlement of disputes between a client and a financial market entity before the Financial Ombudsman. The Financial Ombudsman is a sectoral entity created to resolve specific disputes in the financial sector. Due to the fact that services provided by financial market entities often require special protection of consumers who are clients of financial market entities it is therefore important to ensure that the consumer has easy and effective access to legal protection measures. One such measure is out-of-court settlement of disputes before the Financial Ombudsman. Disputes regulated by civil law have been additionally regulated by public law. Out-of-court dispute settlement before the Financial Ombudsman is indirectlyan element of the implementation of the European Union legislative package concerning ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution) aimed at providing consumers with the possibility of resolving disputes with entrepreneurs before entities offering independent, impartial, transparent, effective and quick methods of alternative disputes solving. In Poland the implementation took place in the Act of September23, 2016 on out-of-court resolution of consumer disputes. However, out-of-court dispute settlement between a customer and a financial market entity was provided by the Polish legislator at an earlier date. It was implemented by the Act of August 5, 2015 on complaints handling by financial market entities and on the Financial Ombudsman. The aim of the study is to analyse the administrative and legal conditions of out-of-court dispute settlement before the Financial Ombudsman and to attempt to verify whether this process does in fact provide clients of financial market entities with quick and effective access to legal protection measures, therein protecting their interests.
Update and clinical management of anti-DNA auto-antibodies
Authors: González Rodríguez Concepción , Aparicio Hernández MªBelén , Alarcón Torres Inmaculada
Published: April 2021

Anti-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) antibodies in the clinical laboratory are intimately linked to the diagnosis and monitoring of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the characteristics of the analytical methods and the properties of the antibodies themselves are heterogeneous. To review the definition and properties of anti-double-stranded anti-DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies, the adequacy of analytical methods, and the clinical requirements for this biomarker. Through PubMed we searched the existing literature with the terms anti-dsDNA, editorial, review, guideline, meta-analysis and SLE. The last search, anti-dsDNA and SLE restricted to the last two years. Information was expanded through related articles and those published in official state bodies related to anti-dsDNA and SLE. Clinical laboratory methods for anti-dsDNA analysis and their characteristics are analyze. The clinical utility of anti-dsDNA in its diagnostic, clinical association and follow-up aspects of SLE is reviewed. There is wide variability in analytical methods and deficits in standardization persist. They are part of the current SLE classification criteria and are used as markers in the follow-up of the disease. Their diagnostic usefulness improves when they are determined in antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive patients. In follow-up, quantification is of interest, preferably with the same analytical method (given the deficits in standardization).
Long noncoding RNA TUG1 regulates degradation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix via miR-320c/MMP-13 axis in osteoarthritis
Authors: Han Hu , Liu Lijuan
Published: April 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic joint disease. This study aimed to explore the function of long noncoding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in the progression and initiation of OA. Levels of TUG1, microRNA-320c (miR-320c) and fucosyltransferase 4 (FUT4) were examined via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide and flow cytometry assays were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. The expression of relative proteins was measured using Western blot. The interaction between miR-320c and TUG1 or FUT4 was confirmed utilizing dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. In this study, levels of TUG1 and FUT4 were distinctly upregulated, but miR-320c level significantly decreased in OA tissues and chondrocytes derived from OA tissues as well as in IL-1β-stimulated C28/I2 cells. Mechanically, TUG1 sponged miR-320c and miR-320c targeted FUT4. In addition, TUG1 knockdown accelerated cell proliferation and repressed apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in IL-1β-induced C28/I2 cells, whereas these effects of TUG1 deletion were rescued by either miR-320c inhibitor or FUT4 upregulation. Meanwhile, TUG1 sponged miR-320c to regulate FUT4 expression in IL-1β-induced C28/I2 cells. Collectively, TUG1 modulated cell proliferation, apoptosis and ECM degradation in IL-1β-induced C28/I2 cells via the miR-320c/FUT4 axis, providing a new insight into the OA treatment.
Changes in muscle activities and kinematics due to simulated leg length inequalities
Authors: Siebers Hannah Lena , Eschweiler Jörg , Migliorini Filippo , Quack Valentin Michael , Tingart Markus , Betsch Marcel
Published: April 2021

Muscle imbalances are a leading cause of musculoskeletal problems. One example are leg length inequalities (LLIs). This study aimed to analyze the effect of different (simulated) LLIs on back and leg muscles in combination with kinematic compensation mechanics. Therefore, 20 healthy volunteers were analyzed during walking with artificial LLIs (0–4 cm). The effect of different amounts of LLIs and significant differences to the reference condition without LLI were calculated of maximal joint angles, mean muscle activity, and its symmetry index. While walking, LLIs led to higher muscle activity and asymmetry of back muscles, by increased lumbar lateral flexion and pelvic obliquity. The rectus femoris showed higher values, independent of the amount of LLI, whereas the activity of the gastrocnemius on the shorter leg increased. The hip and knee flexion of the long leg increased significantly with increasing LLIs, like the knee extension and the ankle plantarflexion of the shorter leg. The described compensation mechanisms are explained by a dynamic lengthening of the short and shortening of the longer leg, which is associated with increased and asymmetrical muscle activity. Presenting this overview is important for a better understanding of the effects of LLIs to improve diagnostic and therapy in the future.
Ways that nurse practitioner students self-explain during diagnostic reasoning
Authors: Burt Leah , Corbridge Susan , Corte Colleen , Quinn Laurie , Finnegan Lorna , Clark Lou
Published: April 2021

Objectives

An important step in mitigating the burden of diagnostic errors is strengthening diagnostic reasoning among health care providers. A promising way forward is through self-explanation, the purposeful technique of generating self-directed explanations to process novel information while problem-solving. Self-explanation actively improves knowledge structures within learners’ memories, facilitating problem-solving accuracy and acquisition of knowledge. When students self-explain, they make sense of information in a variety of unique ways, ranging from simple restatements to multidimensional thoughts. Successful problem-solvers frequently use specific, high-quality self-explanation types. The unique types of self-explanation present among nurse practitioner (NP) student diagnosticians have yet to be explored. This study explores the question: How do NP students self-explain during diagnostic reasoning?

Methods

Thirty-seven Family NP students enrolled in the Doctor of Nursing Practice program at a large, Midwestern U.S. university diagnosed three written case studies while self-explaining. Dual methodology content analyses facilitated both deductive and qualitative descriptive analysis.

Results

Categories emerged describing the unique ways that NP student diagnosticians self-explain. Nine categories of inference self-explanations included clinical and biological foci. Eight categories of non-inference self-explanations monitored students’ understanding of clinical data and reflect shallow information processing.

Conclusions

Findings extend the understanding of self-explanation use during diagnostic reasoning by affording a glimpse into fine-grained knowledge structures of NP students. NP students apply both clinical and biological knowledge, actively improving immature knowledge structures. Future research should examine relationships between categories of self-explanation and markers of diagnostic success, a step in developing prompted self-explanation learning interventions.
Reforming EU Company Law to Secure the Future of European Business
Authors: Sjåfjell Beate
Published: April 2021

The world faces a complex convergence of social and ecological crises: climate change, biodiversity loss, resource scarcity, human rights violations, rising inequality and societal instability. The United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for ‘the future of humanity and of our planet’, calling on business to contribute to solving these pressing challenges. Yet business in aggregate is a driver of the current convergence of crises and the discussion of how to promote sustainable business is therefore high up also on the agenda of the European Union (EU). The EU increasingly shows recognition of the need for regulatory initiatives to promote the integration of sustainability into European business, resonating with the EU’s high-level commitment to sustainability. This article is a contribution to the discourse on how to regulate European business so that it contributes to a sustainable future for all, including for European business itself. The article briefly outlines the basis in the EU treaties for reform of EU company law and the risks of continued unsustainability, moving on to the argument for including company law in the legislative toolbox, and outlining ideas for how such a reform could be shaped.
I Don’t Know, Is AI Also Used in Airbags?
Authors: Alizadeh Fatemeh , Stevens Gunnar , Esau Margarita
Published: April 2021

In 1991, researchers at the center for the Learning Sciences of Carnegie Mellon University were confronted with the confusing question of “where is AI?” from users, who were interacting with artificial intelligence (AI) but did not realize it. After three decades of research, we are still facing the same issue with the unclear understanding of AI among people. The lack of mutual understanding and expectations among AI users and designers and the ineffective interactions with AI that result raises the question of “how AI is generally perceived today?” To address this gap, we conducted 50 semi-structured interviews on perception and expectations of AI. Our results revealed that for most, AI is a dazzling concept that ranges from a simple automated device up to a full controlling agent and a self-learning superpower. We explain how these folk concepts shape users’ expectations when interacting with AI and envisioning its current and future state.
The significance of microstructural evolution on governing impact toughness of Fe-0.2C-6Mn-3Al medium-Mn TRIP steel studied by a novel heat treatment
Authors: Li Zhichao , Li Xinjing , Mou Yanjie , Cai Zhihui , Misra Devesh , Zhang Xin , Li Huiping
Published: April 2021

We address here the continuing challenge and scientific gap in obtaining high impact toughness in medium-Mn steels. While addressing the challenge, the objective of the study described here is to obtain a fundamental understanding via critical experimental analysis of the reasons underlying high impact toughness that was successfully obtained in Fe-0.2C-6Mn-3Al medium-Mn TRIP steel. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies clearly underscored the absence of the TRIP effect in Fe-0.2C-6Mn-3Al medium manganese steel during impact and the volume fraction of austenite played a determining role in governing impact toughness. The highest impact toughness of 213.6 J · cm–2 was obtained when the steel was subjected to an intercritical hardening temperature of 700 °C and low tempering temperature of 200 °C. The presence of martensite in the microstructure reduced the impact toughness on quenching from 750 – 850 °C.
Dynamic characteristics of supersonic turbulent free jets from four types of circular nozzles
Authors: He Mingli , Zhang Guang , Hu Shaohua , Wang Cheng
Published: April 2021

The effects of nozzle structures and working pressure on the dynamic characteristics of supersonic turbulent free jets have been investigated numerically. Four types of nozzles (namely Laval, pipe, contraction I, and contraction II, respectively) and four pressure conditions (namely K = 0.8, 1, 1.5, and 2, respectively) were considered. A Standard k-ε model was utilized for the calculation of the supersonic turbulent free jets. Validation of the model was performed on the Laval jet by comparing it with the experiment and large-eddy simulation (LES). A perfect agreement was achieved in terms of the centerline and radial axial velocity profiles. The jets issuing from the Laval and the pipe had a longer potential core and a larger centerline axial velocity with the same outlet momentum. The length of the potential core was proportional to the working pressure, but variations of the centerline axial velocity decay rate were inverse for all nozzles. The effects of nozzle structures and work pressure on the spreading rates of the jets were insignificant. No obvious change trend could be observed on the kinematic and geometric virtual origins. The study can provide references for the nozzle and working pressure selection in practical application.
Dynamical analysis of fractional-order of IVGTT glucose–insulin interaction
Authors: Alshehri Mansoor H. , Saber Sayed , Duraihem Faisal Z.
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes a fractional-order model of glucose–insulin interaction. In Caputo’s meaning, the fractional derivative is defined. This model arises in Bergman’s minimal model, used to describe blood glucose and insulin metabolism, after intravenous tolerance testing. We showed that the established model has existence, uniqueness, non-negativity, and boundedness of fractional-order model solutions. The model’s local and global stability was investigated. The parametric conditions under which a Hopf bifurcation occurs in the positive steady state for a proposed model are studied. Moreover, we present a numerical treatment for solving the proposed fractional model using the generalized Euler method (GEM). The model’s local stability and Hopf bifurcation of the proposed model in sense of the GEM are presented. Finally, numerical simulations of the model using the Adam–Bashforth–Moulton predictor corrector scheme and the GEM have been presented to support our analytical results.
Einfluss von Kultur und Fachdenken auf offizielle Tourismus-Reports
Authors: Li Jie
Published: April 2021

Governments and official organizations usually publish their tourism reports in print or online to provide information about the current status or future tendencies in the tourism industry. These special-purpose texts are tied to the cultural values of their respective states. Therefore, the contrastive analysis of these texts from different countries allows us to determine the differences in language conventions and to perceive the cultural-cognitive differences reflected in them. This corpus-based study conducts an interlingual-contrastive investigation of German and Chinese tourism reports. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses are employed to answer the following questions: 1) What are the differences between the language conventions of German and Chinese official tourism reports; 2) How are these interlingual differences characterized by cultural and socio-cognitive perspectives?
Legal Effects of Language Issues in Workplace Discourse: Evidence from Australia’s Fairwork Commission
Authors: Manzella Pietro
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between law and language in workplace discourse. To this end, a number of pronouncements issued by Australia’s Fair Work Commission – which mostly deals with employment litigation – are examined to see to what extent language-related problems affect both the employment relationship and the decision handed down by lawmakers when evaluating the cases submitted.
Suffixe der ukrainischen Familiennamen
Authors: Vyrsta Nataliya
Published: April 2021

The following paper provides a review of research in historical and modern Ukrainian onomastics. The article analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of Ukrainian surnames; in particular it describes the origin, the function, the geographical distribution and the productivity of the suffixes in the formation of the names. The main ways of creating Ukrainian surnames were morphological and semantic methods. The semantic method of creating surnames consists in the transition of personal names, nicknames and appellative personal names into hereditary names without any structural transformations, namely, only as a result of changes in the function. The morphological way of creating hereditary names was to create new anthroponyms with the help of special surname formants. A characteristic feature of the names of the morphological method is that they were formed only from personal names with the help of suffixes. Ukrainian anthroponymy did not have special formants for the creation of surnames, but used the possibilities of its language and adapted them to the onomastic system. By their origin the name suffixes are not the same type but multifunctional. Some of them from the moment of occurrence are used only for the creation of names from parents’ names, while others only eventually began to express kinship. Some suffixes today are actively creating both appellatives and anthroponyms.
A comparative study on the performance of photo/sono/peroxone processes for the removal and mineralization of reactive dye red 198 from aquatic environments
Authors: Safari Hasan , Zaeimdar Mojgan , Kashefi ALasl Morteza , Dadban Shahamat Yousef , Marandi Reza
Published: April 2021

Colored wastewater is the most important problem of textile manufacturing factories, because it contains pollutants with complex structure and toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties which are non-biodegradable and sustainable in the environment. Reactive Red 198 (RR198) is one of the types of azo dyes which are widely used in the textile industries. Therefore, in this study, the rate of degradation and mineralization of RR198 by UV/US/H2O2/O3 hybrid process was investigated. Influencing factors including: initial dye concentration (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg/L), contact time (12.5, 30, 47.5, 65, 82.5 min), pH (3, 5, 7, 9, 11), UV (125-W), H2O2 (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/L), US (160 KHz) and O3 (33 mg/(L·min)) on the removal and mineralization efficiency of RR198 were investigated. Optimization and modeling of the process was done by CCD method. Based on the results of ANOVA analysis, most effective parameters on the RR198 removal efficiency were ozone, US, UV, time, initial dye concentration, pH, and H2O2, respectively, with an impact percentage of 96.86 and less than 1% for ozone and the rest parameters, respectively. Highest removal efficiency of RR198 was obtained by UV/US/H2O2/O3 hybrid process. Optimal conditions for dye removal including: initial dye concentration of 200 mg/L, reaction time of 34 min, H2O2 concentration of 27 mg/L and pH of seven were determined in the presence of ozone gas, UV, and US waves. In these conditions, the removal efficiency of RR198 and TOC were estimated to be 100 and 40.5, respectively. UV/US/H2O2/O3 hybrid process as an advanced oxidation process (AOP) with advantages such as high performance and speed, no sludge production and toxic residues in the treated effluent containing hard biodegradable compounds such as RR198 from aqueous solutions, so can be recommended and used.
Layoutoptimierung für kleinskalige modulare Förderanlagen
Authors: Aurich Paul , Stonis Malte , Overmeyer Ludger
Published: April 2021

Kleinskalige modulare Fördertechnik ermöglicht es, mehrere Förderaufgaben gleichzeitig und auf kleinstem Raum durchzuführen, und bietet so ein großes Potenzial zur Flexibilisierung und Effizienzsteigerung von Förderanlagen. Aktuell existiert keine einfach anwendbare Methode, die Unternehmen dabei unterstützt, diese neuartige Fördertechnik auf Prozessebene unter Berücksichtigung logistischer und wirtschaftlicher Zielstellungen in konventionelle Fördersysteme zu integrieren. Daher wird in einem Forschungsprojekt derzeit eine Optimierungsmethode für Förderanlagenlayouts entwickelt, mit der Unternehmen die Potenziale der neuartigen Fördertechnik bewerten können.
Reconstrucción de experiencias de niños, niñas y adolescentes en cuidados primarios pediátricos en clave de autonomía
Authors: Cruz Puerto Melissa
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación fue reconocer las experiencias con base en las necesidades secundarias relacionadas con el desarrollo de la autonomía de niños, niñas y adolescentes con estancias hospitalarias en el área de cuidados primarios pediátricos del Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio (HDV). Se desarrollo a través de una metodología cualitativa con entrevistas a profundidad a un grupo de 60 niños, niñas y adolescentes entre los 5 y 14 años, las cuales fueron codificadas a través de matrices de análisis. Como conclusión, se estableció la importancia de la autonomía como una necesidad primaria a satisfacer en los contextos hospitalarios, en términos de socialización, juego y tiempo libre. Igualmente, la necesidad de considerar los procesos de toma de decisióne información tanto de los usuarios pediátricos como de sus familias, como una forma de garantizar la adherencia al tratamiento y procesos de resiliencia y adaptación.
Inyección intralesional de corticoesteroides como tratamiento conservador del granuloma central de células gigantes: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Villarreal Arizpe Karen Lissette , Guerra Leal Daniel Alejandro
Published: April 2021

El granuloma central de células gigantes (GCCG) es una lesión benigna intraósea de los maxilares. Tradicionalmente, la cirugía es el tratamiento más utilizado para este tipo de patología, sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha propuesto el uso de inyecciones intralesionales de corticoesteroides como alternativa conservadora. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica de los casos tratados con corticoesteroides. Para esto, se utilizó la plataforma de PubMed y Google Scholar para buscar artículos publicados entre 1994 y el 2020, relacionados al GCCG y su tratamiento con corticoesteroides. Se encontraron 28 artículos y un resumen con 61 pacientes en total; en la mayoría de los casos se utilizaron inyecciones intralesionales semanales de acetonido de triamcinolona con anestésico durante 6 semanas, aunque se reportaron variantes del protocolo. De los 61 casos, 38 tuvieron una resolución completa y en los demás casos fue necesario realizar tratamiento quirúrgico adicional. Con base en lo anterior, parece que el uso de inyecciones intralesionales de triamcinolona tiene un efecto positivo en el tratamiento del GCCG al permitir una resolución completa de la lesión o una disminución en su tamaño, de manera que la cirugía posterior sea más conservadora.
Desarrollo de una proteína recombinante fimbrial F17 de Escherichia coli y respuesta inmune frente a células mononucleares periféricas sanguíneas (PBMC) de alpaca
Authors: Siuce M. Juan , Maximiliano G. Jorge , Hurtado C. Raquel , Rosadio A. Raúl , Maturrano H. Lenin
Published: April 2021

Escherichia coli está asociada a diarreas que pueden producir la muerte en crías de alpacas de temprana edad. Patotipos de E. coli utilizan las fimbrias para adherirse al hospedero en la primera etapa de la patogénesis. Por ello, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y producir una proteína recombinante de la adhesina fimbrial F17 de E. coli y evaluar su inmunogenicidad en células mononucleares periféricas de sangre (PBMC) de alpaca. Se utilizó a BL21 como vector de expresión, se purificó la proteína recombinante mediante cromatografía de afinidad inmovilizada y se evaluó la producción de citoquinas de PBMC a las 48 y 72 horas posterior al desafío con F17. Los resultados indican un aumento significativo de la producción de citoquinas de Th1/Th2, predominantemente IFN-γ e IL-4. Por lo tanto, la mezcla BL21-F17 podría ser considerada como un potencial candidato vacunal para la prevención de las diarreas en alpacas producidas por E. coli.
Predicting the Need for Phototherapy After Discharge
Authors: Kuzniewicz Michael W. , Park Jina , Niki Hamid , Walsh Eileen M. , McCulloch Charles E. , Newman Thomas B.
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Bilirubin screening before discharge is performed to identify neonates at risk for future hyperbilirubinemia. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends using a graph of bilirubin levels by age (the Bhutani Nomogram) to guide follow-up and a different graph to determine phototherapy recommendations. Our objective was to evaluate predictive models that incorporate the difference between the last total serum bilirubin (TSB) before discharge and the American Academy of Pediatrics phototherapy threshold (Δ-TSB) to predict a postdischarge TSB above the phototherapy threshold by using a single graph.

METHODS:

We studied 148 162 infants born at ≥35 weeks’ gestation at 11 Kaiser Permanente Northern California facilities from 2012 to 2017 whose TSB did not exceed phototherapy levels and who did not receive phototherapy during the birth hospitalization. We compared 3 logistic models (Δ-TSB; Δ-TSB-Plus, which included additional variables; and the Bhutani Nomogram) by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in a 20% validation subset.

RESULTS:

A total of 2623 infants (1.8%) exceeded the phototherapy threshold postdischarge. The predicted probability of exceeding the phototherapy threshold after discharge ranged from 56% for a predischarge Δ-TSB 0 to 1 mg/dL below the threshold to 0.008% for Δ-TSB >7 mg/dL below the threshold. Discrimination was better for the Δ-TSB model (AUC 0.93) and the Δ-TSB-Plus model (AUC 0.95) than for the Bhutani Nomogram (AUC 0.88).

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of Δ-TSB models had excellent ability to predict postdischarge TSB above phototherapy thresholds and may be simpler to use than the Bhutani Nomogram.
Juarke
Authors: Saliou Mohamadou
Published: April 2021

The Mboum people in Cameroon have practiced circumcision for centuries. Until recently, this practice was highly regarded as a period of initiation leading to a man's status. Every year, children were sent to the bush and during their seclusion, cultural codes and knowledges of the society are taught to them. Nowadays, this tradition is dying out leading to conflict of generation between olders and youngters, specially those who are born and raised outside of their community. Through a discussion between Hamidou the old a his grand child and by following a group of five children during their period of initiation, the film shows how circumcision is performed and explains its meaning among the Mboum people. It also shows that, despite social changes and external pressures (urbanisation, modernisation and health issues etc.) efforts are made to keep the social order resulting from this practice.
Diálogos da enfermagem durante a pandemia: reflexões, desafios e perspectivas para a integração ensino-serviço
Authors: Spagnol Carla Aparecida , Pereira Karolinna Diniz , Castro Verônica Pedersane Nunes de , Figueiredo Letícia Gonçalves , Borges Karine Karoline de Souza , Batista Luciana Moreira
Published: April 2021

Resumo Objetivo abordar, de forma crítica e reflexiva, desafios e perspectivas da prática profissional da enfermagem, da formação e da integração ensino-serviço no cenário da pandemia da Covid-19. Método as atividades práticas de uma disciplina, que aborda a gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde, foram suspensas durante a pandemia. Diante desse fato, constituiu-se um grupo para discutir a prática profissional, assegurando a integração ensino-serviço. A partir dos diálogos e dos textos produzidos elaborou-se essa reflexão, tendo como referencial teórico a Análise Institucional. Resultados alguns analisadores revelaram desafios como a influência e o difícil acesso às tecnologias digitais no ensino e no processo de trabalho, além do medo e da insegurança vivenciados pelas autoras. O grupo analisou suas implicações, compartilhando sentimentos e angústias, sem perder de vista as mudanças necessárias nos processos de trabalho. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a Análise Institucional contribuiu para realizar este estudo “à quente”, nesse contexto de pandemia, trazendo à tona questionamentos e contradições vivenciadas nos serviços de saúde e na universidade, fortalecendo a integração ensino-serviço. Mas, mediante o recorte de tempo, práticas e cenários este estudo traz limitações quanto aos impactos para o ensino e para a assistência prestada, possibilitando a realização de outras pesquisas.
A nova arca de Noé: os animais e a desaprovação da civilização na obra de Lygia Fagundes Telles
Authors: Teixeiro Alva Martínez
Published: April 2021

Resumo Este artigo considera o modo como os animais são apresentados na escrita de Lygia Fagundes Telles, avaliando opções temáticas como a solidão, a crueldade ou o pessimismo. O estudo analisa a significativa função do bestiário em suas obras, nas quais a autora usa os animais falantes, fantásticos e simbólicos para oferecer-nos um retrato crítico de uma rica e complexa sociedade burguesa, povoada por uma grande variedade de personagens. Além disso, o estudo analisa a originalidade dos romances e contos de Telles, dando destaque à constante presença de animais literários como um mecanismo ficcional, como uma representação simbólica da sociedade e como uma via para questionar o valor das normas sociais, dos princípios éticos e da nossa própria invenção como seres civilizados, destacando o mundo antinatural que criámos para nós próprios.
Editoras cartoneras e a literatura fora do cânone: um olhar crítico para as margens do mundo editorial
Authors: Pimentel Ary
Published: April 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é traçar um panorama das múltiplas possibilidades de intervenção do movimento cartonero, uma rede internacional formada por editoras independentes que utilizam o papelão reciclado para a confecção das capas de seus livros. A partir da apresentação do contexto histórico no qual surge a pioneira Eloísa Cartonera - uma editora artesanal que emprega catadores de papelão e indivíduos à margem da sociedade para editar obras de autores iniciantes ou de grandes nomes da literatura latino-americana - o texto traz uma reflexão sobre a potência criativa dos sujeitos alterizados e sobre os processos de assunção de voz dos subalternizados na periferia do capitalismo. Por meio de uma ampla coleta de dados em diferentes fontes (livros, catálogos, blogs, sites e entrevistas), buscou-se construir uma imagem mais complexa do universo das edições cartoneras e discutir o impacto da intervenção dessa rede cooperativa e solidária de editoras nos processos de reconfiguração do campo literário. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo que se baseou em diferentes experiências editoriais para tentar chegar a uma compreensão mais ampla da situação atual das disputas pelo domínio das máquinas expressivas da sociedade, em particular aquelas que tradicionalmente garantiram a produção e difusão de representações hegemônicas através do objeto livro.
Centesimal composition and meat yield of Hoplias malabaricus: association with intestinal parasites
Authors: Guimarães Carla Bianca da Silva , Pflanzer Junior Sergio Bertelli , Pinheiro Hildete Prisco , Mendes Tiago Manuel Fernandes , Ueta Marlene Tiduko
Published: April 2021

Abstract Hoplias malabaricus is a non-migratory fish commonly found in the Mogi Guaçu River basin, mainly feeding on fish, small crustaceans and insects. It forms part of the diet for humans, birds and some mammals. This fish has great nutritional value, with both good quality and good quantities of essential vitamins and amino acids. Regarding parasitic fauna, this fish can host different species of helminths in its gastrointestinal tract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible interference of parasitism in the meat yield from H. malabaricus and the centesimal composition. For this purpose, fish specimens were collected from marginal lagoons of the Mogi Guaçu River (Pirassununga, state of São Paulo, Brazil) using hooks and fishing nets. We found that all specimens of H. malabaricus were parasitized by at least one species, including larvae of Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda: Anisakidae). Parasitism did not have any significant influence on centesimal composition, but meat yield was negatively correlated with the abundance of larvae.
Zooplankton functional complementarity between temporary and permanent environments
Authors: Setubal Rayanne Barros , Bozelli Reinaldo Luiz
Published: April 2021

Abstract: Aims This study aims to evaluate the functional complementarity of the zooplankton community between temporary ponds and permanent lagoons. We hypothesize that temporary environments will be functionally more diverse than permanent environments and will have different functional composition. Methods Five temporary ponds and five permanent lagoons were compared regarding their limnological characteristics, species richness, functional diversity indices and functional trait composition. Results No differences between ponds and lagoons were found regarding mean species richness and functional diversity. However, a larger number of species was found in the set of temporary environments i.e., although the mean richness was the same, the species' identity varied from one pond to another. Ponds showed greater variability in functional trait composition, resulting in significant differences in zooplankton functional dispersion. Ponds also presented a greater range of limnological characteristics. Conclusions Temporary and permanent environments present high limnological and functional complementarity, which make them important for maintaining biodiversity on a regional scale. Temporary environments seem to be refugees for species that do not settle in more stable environments because these species are more likely to colonize environments that periodically restart their successional trajectory. Therefore, actions that seek to preserve complementary environments are essential and urgent, especially those related to small and temporary environments.
Amblyanthus chenii (Primulaceae), a New Species and Generic Record from Xizang, China
Authors: Zhou Zhuo , Guo Yong-jie , Yue Ji-pei , Chen Hong-liang , Tan Yun-hong , Sun Hang
Published: April 2021

Abstract—Amblyanthus chenii (Primulaceae; Myrsinoideae) is a new species discovered growing in the understory of primeval forests in Medog County, southeast Xizang, China and is described based on morphological evidence. This is the first generic record
of Amblyanthus in China. The new species is most morphologically similar to A. multiflorus. Amblyanthus chenii can be easily distinguished from other congeneric species by various morphological differences. A phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and six
plastid markers indicated that A. chenii and Amblyanthopsis burmanica form a clade that is nested within the large pantropical genus Ardisia and is sister to Ardisia subgenus Crispardisia. The close relationship among Amblyanthus, Amblyanthopsis,
and Ardisia subg. Crispardisia is strongly supported by their shared synapomorphy of crenulate leaves with marginal glands.
The Decorin High Glucose Response Element and Mechanism of Its Activation in Human Mesangial Cells
Authors: WAHAB NADIA ABDEL , PARKER SUSAN , SRAER JEAN-DANIEL , MASON ROGER M.
Published: April 2021

The decorin gene encodes a proteoglycan with putative structural and regulatory functions whose expression is markedly increased in human mesangial cells (HMC) exposed to high concentrations of glucose (15 to 30 mM). The gene has two promoters (P1 and P2) upstream of two alternative first exons. Transcripts driven by both promoters are present in HMC maintained in 4 mM D-glucose medium. After exposure to 30 mM D-glucose for 7 to 21 d, transcripts driven by P1 are markedly increased, whereas those driven by P2 decrease. Culture in 4 mM D-glucose medium containing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (1.25 ng/ml) has the same effect. However, addition of an excess of TGF-β neutralizing antibody to the 30 mM D-glucose cultures only partly suppressed increased decorin transcription from P1. In transformed HMC transfected with a reporter (p-SAEP) driven by P1 or P2, P1 activity increased twofold on treatment with either 30 mM D-glucose or TGF-β1 in 4 mM medium. P2 had little activity under any conditions. 5′ deletion of P1 showed that basal transcriptional activity lies within the proximal 378 bp, while the major high glucose and TGF-β response element is located in the -683 to -583-bp region. A putative cAMP response-like sequence (TGACGTTT) lies within this region. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed the same pattern of multiple complexes between oligonucleotides containing this sequence and nuclear proteins extracted from HMC maintained in either 4 or 30 mM D-glucose conditions, but the latter were more prominent. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) was identified as one transcription factor forming these complexes but other factors remain unidentified. Increased levels of phospho-(Ser 133) CREB were found in HMC exposed to 30 mM D-glucose. High glucose also activated and led to nuclear translocation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, both of which can activate CREB by phosphorylation of serine 133.
Molecular Genetics of Nephronophthisis and Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease
Authors: HILDEBRANDT FRIEDHELM , OTTO EDGAR
Published: April 2021

Nephronophthisis (NPH) and medullary cystic kidney disease (MCKD) constitute a group of renal cystic diseases that share the macroscopic feature of cyst development at the corticomedullary border of the kidneys. The disease variants also have in common a characteristic renal histologic triad of tubular basement membrane disintegration, tubular atrophy with cyst development, and interstitial cell infiltration with fibrosis. NPH and, in most instances, MCKD lead to chronic renal failure with an onset in the first two decades of life for recessive NPH and onset in adult life for autosomal dominant MCKD. There is extensive genetic heterogeneity with at least three different loci for NPH (NPHP1, NPHP2, and NPHP3) and two different loci for MCKD (MCKD1 and MCKD2). Juvenile nephronophthisis, in addition, can be associated with extrarenal organ involvement. As a first step toward understanding the pathogenesis of this disease group, the gene (NPH1) for juvenile nephronophthisis (NPH1) has been identified by positional cloning. Its gene product, nephrocystin, is a novel protein of unknown function that contains a src-homology 3 domain. It is hypothesized that the pathogenesis of NPH might be related to signaling processes at focal adhesions (the contact points between cells and extracellular matrix) and/or adherens junctions (the contact points between cells). This hypothesis is based on the fact that most src-homology 3-containing proteins are part of focal adhesion signaling complexes, on animal models that exhibit an NPH-like phenotype, and on the recent finding that nephrocystin binds to the protein p130cas, a major mediator of focal adhesion signaling.
Renal Function and Intensive Lowering of Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Participants of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study
Authors: RUILOPE LUIS M. , SALVETTI ANTONIO , JAMERSON KENNETH , HANSSON LENNART , WARNOLD INGRID , WEDEL HANS , ZANCHETTI ALBERTO
Published: April 2021

This article reports further analyses of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) Study data with the aim to describe (1) the value of baseline serum creatinine and its clearance (estimated by Cockroft and Gault formula) as predictors of cardiovascular events, (2) the effects of intensive lowering of BP on cardiovascular events and renal function in patients with reduced renal function, and (3) the effects on cardiovascular events of adding acetylsalicylic acid to antihypertensive therapy in patients with reduced renal function. The results show that (1) baseline elevation in serum creatinine and a reduction in estimated creatinine clearance are powerful predictors of cardiovascular events and death. (2) Reduced renal function at baseline did not preclude the desired control of BP. In contrast to patients with normal renal function, the incidence of major cardiovascular events did not differ in the three groups of patients with mild renal insufficiency randomized to different diastolic BP targets. No significant changes in serum creatinine were seen at the end of the 3.8-yr treatment period in the great majority of patients. However, there was a small group of patients (0.58% of the total study population) whose renal function deteriorated (increase ≥30% over baseline and final serum creatinine concentration ≥2 mg/dl) despite satisfactory reduction of diastolic BP. (3) The results of this reanalysis of the HOT Study suggest though do not prove that the association of acetylsalicylic acid with intensive antihypertensive therapy offers additional benefit in hypertensive patients with reduced renal function.
Hyperphosphorylation of Na-Pump Contributes to Defective Renal Dopamine Response in Old Rats
Authors: ASGHAR MOHAMMAD , KANSRA VIKRAM , HUSSAIN TAHIR , LOKHANDWALA MUSTAFA F.
Published: April 2021

Dopamine D1-like receptor activation causes phosphorylation and inhibition of Na,K-ATPase (Na-pump) activity in the proximal tubules, which is associated with an increase in sodium excretion. It has been shown that dopamine and SKF 38393, a D1-like receptor agonist, caused inhibition of Na,K-ATPase activity in the proximal tubules of adult (6 mo) but not of old (24 mo) Fischer 344 rats. The present study demonstrated that SKF 38393 and PDBu, a phorbol ester and protein kinase C (PKC) activator, increased phosphorylation of the α1-subunit of Na,K-ATPase in adult but not in old rats. In adult rats, SKF 38393-mediated phosphorylation was antagonized by SCH 23390, a D1-like receptor antagonist. Similarly, Na,K-ATPase activity was inhibited by SKF 38393 and PDBu in adult but not in old rats. The basal activity of Na,K-ATPase was decreased and the basal phosphorylation state of the enzyme was increased in old compared with adult rats. Basal activity of PKC was higher in old compared with adult rats, and SKF 38393 and PDBu stimulated PKC activity in adult but not in old rats. The conclusion is that the failure of D1-like receptor agonist and phorbol ester to stimulate PKC and inhibit Na,K-ATPase activity in old rats is due, at least in part, to the higher basal PKC activity and Na,K-ATPase phosphorylation in old compared with adult rats.
Identification of Receptor Ligands by Screening Phage-Display Peptide Libraries Ex Vivo on Microdissected Kidney Tubules
Authors: ODERMATT ALEX , AUDIGÉ ANNETTE , FRICK CHRISTOPH , VOGT BRUNO , FREY BRIGITTE M. , FREY FELIX J. , MAZZUCCHELLI LUCA
Published: April 2021

A novel method to identify receptor ligands for defined renal tubular segments has been developed. Ex vivo screening of phage-display peptide libraries on isolated intact rat proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and cortical collecting ducts (CCD) allowed the direct access of phage to the basolateral surface of tubular epithelial cells. Two distinct peptide motifs were selected for CCD and PCT, indicating differential expression of some membrane receptors on the basolateral surface of defined kidney tubule segments. Using the linear peptide motif ELRGD(R/M)AX(W/L), recovered from freshly isolated rat CCD, mediated 16-fold selectivity of phage binding to CCD compared with PCT. Binding to CCD was 39-fold higher than that of a random control phage. Binding and subsequent internalization of phage, most likely by an integrin-mediated endocytosis pathway, was abolished by the addition of the corresponding synthetic peptide. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that presentation and flanking amino acids determine the specific binding properties of RGD ligands to their putative integrin receptors. The results emphasize the need of a native cell system for the identification of renal epithelial cell surface ligands. Such ligands are of potential relevance for the analysis of interactions between extracellular matrix and kidney tubules or for the development of improved vectors for kidney-specific drug delivery or gene transfer.
Downregulation of Hepatic Cytochrome P450 in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: LEBLOND FRANCOIS , GUÉVIN CARL , DEMERS CHRISTIAN , PELLERIN ISABELLE , GASCON-BARRÉ MARIELLE , PICHETTE VINCENT
Published: April 2021

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with a decrease in drug metabolism. The mechanism remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the repercussions of CRF on liver cytochrome P450 (CYP450). Three groups of rats were defined: control, control paired-fed, and CRF. Total CYP450 activity, protein expression of several CYP450 isoforms as well as their mRNA, and the in vitro N-demethylation of erythromycin were assessed in liver microsomes. The regulation of liver CYP450 by dexamethasone and phenobarbital was assessed in CRF rats. Compared with control and control paired-fed rats, creatinine clearance was reduced by 60% (P < 0.01) in CRF rats. Weight was reduced by 30% (P < 0.01) in control paired-fed and CRF rats, compared with control animals. There was no difference in the CYP450 parameters between control and control paired-fed. Compared with control paired-fed rats, total CYP450 was reduced by 47% (P < 0.001) in CRF rats. Protein expression of CYP2C11, CYP3A1, and CYP3A2 were considerably reduced (>40%, P < 0.001) in rats with CRF. The levels of CYP1A2, CYP2C6, CYP2D, and CYP2E1 were the same in the three groups. Northern blot analysis revealed a marked downregulation in gene expression of CYP2C11, 3A1, and 3A2 in CRF rats. Although liver CYP450 was reduced in CRF, its induction by dexamethasone and phenobarbital was present. N-demethylation of erythromycin was decreased by 50% in CRF rats compared with control (P < 0.001). In conclusion, CRF in rats is associated with a decrease in liver cytochrome P450 activity (mainly in CYP2C11, CYP3A1, and 3A2), secondary to reduced gene expression.