bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RdRp nested RT-PCR v1
Authors: A Northill Judy , M Mackay Ian
Published: February 2020

A nested RT-PCR targeting the RdRp region of the sub-genus Sarbecovirus. The primers are modified from the pan-coronavirus RT-PCR published by Hu et al. 2017 to be more specific to SARS-CoV-2. Assay may be used in resource poor settings where real-time cyclers are not available. Sanger sequencing can be used to confirm SARS-CoV-2 where WGS is not available or where WGS fails due to poor quality sample.
SOP Appendix for Spleen v2
Authors: Farris Franchesca , Jorgensen Marda
Published: February 2020

This is an appendix for spleen SOP.
HuBMAP: Embedding Fresh Frozen OCT Samples v1
Authors: Jorgensen Marda , Nick Jerelyn
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to outline procedures for the OCT embedding of HuBMAP fresh frozen specimens.
FEATURES OF ADDICTIVE PERSONALITY
Authors: Krainikov Eduard , Prokopovich Eugeniy , Balanyuk Аlona
Published: February 2020

We surveyed 50 people between the ages of 18 and 25, most of respondents are college students. We used the following assessment tools: SMOL (abbreviated adaptation of MMPI), Heim's test for coping strategies, Mendelevich's methodic, Michigan Alcohol Test (MAST), Urgent Dependence Questionnaire in Shibko's adaptation. Respondents show some signs of predisposition, or even a clear presence of addictive behavior. Choosing a way to escape from reality was a cultural phenomenon, that is, the choice of an addictive agent is more dictated by advertising, public opinion, and art products. This data confirms the close direct relationship between alcohol dependence (according to MAST) and psychopathy — a correlation coefficient of 0.27. According to the regression analysis, the data of this scale strongly depend on the indicators of the hysteria scale (P-value = 0.01). This indicates that expressing alcohol and the consequences of such abuse can make a person protesting, uncomfortable, and seeking to exaggerate their problems and attract attention. The results of the study confirmed the literature data about self-centered, depressive, and anxious fetures of addictive personality. We can assume that the higher the emotional lability, anxiety and depressive personality, the greater the likelihood of addiction to computer games. It is worth noting that this dependency is different from the other vivid virtual world, which gives the person the opportunity to hide in him from the troubles. For people with adaptation disorders and computer addiction, clinical manifestations of anxiety and depression, severe depressive and anxiety episodes are common; high levels of situational and personal anxiety, excessive nervous and mental stress. That is, we can conclude that both computer addiction and gaming addiction are strongly linked to anxiety and depression. We assume that these dependencies are very closely related and that it is difficult to draw a clear boundary. In addition to health problems, psychoactive substance use, and addiction to procedural addiction, it causes significant social and economic damage to individuals and society as a whole.
Daptomycin: possibilities and prospectives of administration in clinical practice
Authors: Danilov Andrey I. , Evseev Andrey V. , Fominykh Stela G.
Published: February 2020

Daptomycin is the first representative of the class of cyclic polypeptides, reached the application in clinical practice. Unlike most antibiotics, it has rapid bactericidal activity, including against microbial cells in biofilms. The spectrum of activity of daptomycin includes almost all clinically significant gram(+) bacteria, including strains resistant to other classes of antimicrobials. Currently, in the Russian Federation, daptomycin is registered for two indications: complicated skin and soft tissue infections at a dose of 4 mg/kg 1 time per day and blood flow infections caused by S. aureus, including bacteremia and right-sided endocarditis, at a dose of 6 mg/kg 1 time per day.
El deterioro de las relaciones interpersonales en los tiempos de la globalización y sus dimensiones éticas
Authors: Rincón Bermúdez Diego Fernando
Published: February 2020

En las siguientes líneas los lectores podrán encontrar algunas reflexiones en torno a la dificultad de propiciar espacios de interlocución en las sociedades actuales. No se trata de una diatriba hacia la forma de mercado de las sociedades presentes, sino de un llamado de atención que muchos han comenzado, desde hace varios años, y desde otras latitudes, al parecer un tanto en vano. El objetivo es generar la posibilidad de debatir frente al rumbo de la humanidad, no porque esté en manos del lector, sino porque está en manos de todos. Temas y problemas como la globalización, el capitalismo, la alienación y la ética, hacen parte de estas reflexiones. La economía mundial, más que un problema político es un problema ético; y desde estos surcos es que debe examinarse la posición del hombre frente a todos los hombres y el resto del mundo. Asir la economía y sus formas, como un problema ético, es abrir camino en unos horizontes, que aunque ya explorados, venidos a menos en su tratamiento práctico.
La responsabilidad civil de las clínicas y hospitales por infecciones nosocomiales
Authors: Zuluaga Cardona Iván Darío
Published: February 2020

La responsabilidad civil por daños generados en el ejercicio de la medicina es un tema de ampliadiscusión y difusión en la actualidad, por la forma en cómo se ha concebido la prestación delderecho fundamental a la salud. El presente artículo tiene como propósito confrontar la tesisde responsabilidad subjetiva defendida por la Corte Suprema de Justicia, frente a la tesis deresponsabilidad objetiva respaldada por el Consejo de Estado, en relación con la responsabilidadcivil de las clínicas u hospitales por infecciones nosocomiales producidas por microorganismosmultirresistentes a los antibióticos y con base en dicho paralelo, escoger aquella que seadecúa mejor al ordenamiento jurídico colombiano y a la realidad del sistema de salud. Paraello, se analizarán las complejas relaciones que se suscitan en la prestación de los serviciosmédicos cuando intervienen muchas personas y la imposibilidad de erradicar por completo estetipo de patógenos que dificultan la recuperación de pacientes, extienden la permanencia encentros hospitalarios y aumentan los costos y la mortalidad, para concluir que se debe acogerla tesis de responsabilidad subjetiva, porque se evidenció que sería imposible exonerarse deresponsabilidad si se presume la culpa de los hospitales y clínicas.
La constitucionalización del ordenamiento jurídico y del mundo de la vida social: el caso italiano y colombiano
Authors: Zeballosf-Cuathin Adrian , Cáceres Mendoza Enrique
Published: February 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es explicar la naturaleza jurídica de la institución denominada “constitucionalización del derecho”, así como resaltar su importancia y alcance en el ordenamiento jurídico italiano y colombiano. Para cumplir tales fines, se adopta una metodología cualitativa a partir de la revisión y el análisis documental de referentes teóricos, junto con análisis comparado entre los modelos jurídicos -constitucionales de ambos países-, con base en doctrina actualmente existente, a fin de alcanzar, mediante un proceso lógico deductivo, algunas conclusiones propositivas sobre los progresos que la constitucionalización del derecho ha irradiado en todos los aspectos del mundo de la vida jurídica, de cara a retos y objetivos de las sociedades dinámicas. Concretamente se pudo establecer que la forma, materia y alcance de la constitucionaización del derecho en Italia y Colombia tiene diferencias importantes, en cuanto al modo y la intensidad del proceso de constitucionalización, pero que,  aún así, mantienen patrones similares y comparten ciertos elementos o criterios comunes, sobre todo en la eficacia judicial de los derechos humanos y fundamentales.
Case Report: Blowout Fracture Complex Type
Authors: Helmi Fauzi , Santoso Boedy Setya
Published: February 2020

Functional problems and appearance may emerge if careful therapy is not applied in orbital fracture caused by maxillofacial trauma. Recently, the focus of fracture management on fragment fixation most possibly uses anatomy approach. The management of blowout fracture should be overcome by involving several departments. First, identification was carried out in emergency room and then it is consulted to occuloplasty and maxillofacial trauma surgeon. Multidisciplinary management will provide better outcome to retrieve face structural function and improve the appearance. We reported two cases of blowout fracture complex in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, done by Plastic Reconstruction Division of ORL-HNS Department in collaboration with Plastic Reconstruction Division of Ophthalmology Department. In the first case, a 64-year-old female was consulted by Plastic Reconstruction Division of Ophthalmology Department with diagnosis of right orbital adnexal injury, open eye globe injury, scleral laceration, and blowout fracture. In the second case, a 37-year-old male came to Plastic Reconstruction Division of ORL HNS Department, consulted by Plastic Reconstruction of Ophthalmology Department with diagnosis of left cornea and scleral laceration,  left full thickness laceration palpebral at 1/3 nasal inferior, rupture of lacrimal canal, and  blowout fracture. These cases of blowout fracture with rim orbita fracture complex type were managed well by Plastic Reconstruction Division of ORL-HNS and Plastic Reconstruction Division of Ophthalmology Department. It is apparent that multidisciplinary management was required for optimum outcome.
The Effect of Moderate Intensity Fun Aerobic Gym on HDL-C and LDL- C on Overweight Women
Authors: Saputro Zanuar Bagus , Wardani Tjitra , Rejeki Purwo Sri
Published: February 2020

Overweight and obesity is a major health problem in throughout the world. Hyperlipidemia and obesity are risk factor the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Exercise is recommended as a therapeutic lifestyle changes because it leads to a variety of health benefits. Fun Aerobic gymnastics aerobics one which is quite popular in the community and a gym. Describe the gymnastics fun aerobic workout's effectiveness against related to prevention of cardiovascular disease with seeing the results before and after doing gymnastics with the result of increasing levels of HDL-c and LDL/HDL Ratios as well as lowering LDL-c levels. Using design research one group pretest and posttest design with the subject as many as 19 people and given gymnastics moderate fun aerobic intensity for 45 minutes 3 day a week for 6 weeks. Gymnastics moderate fun aerobic intensity can increase HDL-c and LDL/HDL ratio and LDL-c. The paired t test results HDL-c pre test and post test (p = 0.000), LDL-c pre test and post test (p = 0,015), HDL/LDL Ratio (p = 0.000). Mean there are meaningful difference between the before and after of gymnastics. The effect of moderate intensity fun aerobic gym on the increase of HDL-c and LDL/HDL Ratio and a decrease in LDL-c in overweight women.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Tomato (Lycopersicum commune) and Red Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Juice in Increasing Vaginal Wall Thickness of Menopausal Rats Model
Authors: Widjayanti Yhenti , Prasetya Arief Widya
Published: February 2020

Menopausal period is the period of permanent cessation of menstruation due to reduced or lost ovarian activity. One of the effects of decline estrogen levels during menopause is atropic vulvovaginitis. Consumption of phytoestrogens can reduce menopausal symptoms. Phytoestrogen is found in vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes and red melon. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of red melon juice and tomato on the increase of vaginal wall thickness in menopausal rats. This study revealed an alternative of phytoestrogen sources that is more effective to reduce menopausal symptoms, especially those related to vaginal atrophy to improve the quality of life of menopausal women. Subjects of this study were 27 ovariectomized Wistar strain Rattus norvegicus which were s divided into 3 groups randomly, one control group and two treatment groups with tomato juice and red melon juice at a dose of 330 mg/kgBW/day administered for 28 days. The variable of this study were the thickness of the vaginal wall which was precipitated by Hematoxiline Eosine. The highest vaginal wall thickness was found in the treatment group of red melon juice of 879.89 ± 70.52 µm and the lowest of the control group (K) of 643.3 ± 58.33 µm. The results of Anova test showed that there was a significant difference between control group and treatment groups, the tomato juice and red melon juice with a dose of 330 mg/kgBW/day, so it can be concluded that red melon juice with a dose of 330mg/Kg BW/day has the best effect in increasing the thickness of vaginal wall of menopausal rats as compared with tomato juice.
Human Sperm Motility, Viability, and Morphology Decreased after Cryopreservation
Authors: Darsini Ninik , Hamidah Berliana , Suyono Seso Sulijaya , Ashari Faisal Yusuf , Aswin R Haryanto , Yudiwati Rina
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze human sperm motility, viability, and morphology before and after cryopreservation. This true laboratory experimental study had pre and post randomized one group design. The study was conducted at the Embryology, Andrology, and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga from August to November 2017. The eighteen samples of fresh semen were collected from male volunteers who agreed and signed the informed consent of the study. Samples were analyzed their motility, viability, and morphology before and after cryopreservation. Results of this study indicated differentiation between motility before and after cryopreservation. Cryopreservation process decreased progressive motility (42.22 + 9.46%; 17.83 + 6.24%; p< 0.0001) and increased the number of immotile spermatozoa (35.44 + 10.15%; 60.11 + 12.53%; p< 0.0001). Cryopreservation also decreased human sperm viability (73.78 + 8.91%; 40.83 + 12.89%; p< 0.0001) and morphology (10.94 + 4.96%; 7.39 + 3.90%; p< 0.0001). Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa caused the decreased of motility, viability, and morphology.
Determinants of Maternal and Child Health Handbook Utilization in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Irwanto Irwanto , Ikhtiar Ilham , Lutfiya Indah , Purnomo Windhu
Published: February 2020

Mothers and child health (MCH) are one of the main issues in family medicine. Related to this practice, Indonesian government issued mother and child health (MCH) handbook for monitoring child development due to various child developmental problems in Indonesia. However, there are reports of improper MCH handbook utilization. This study aimed to analyze factors related to the utilization of MCH handbook by mothers in Indonesia. Cross sectional observational study was conducted from March to May 2018. This study involved mothers with children aged 3 to 72 months old in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Specific population of mothers who had children attending Early Childhood Education and Development (ECED) and Integrated Health Post (IHP) (Indonesia: Pos Pelayanan Terpadu-Posyandu) were included as inclusion criteria. Maternal characteristics, child health status, employment status, and utilization of MCH handbook were recorded through questionnaire. Association between variables then analyzed statistically using Spearman correlation test. As many as 288 participants were enrolled in this study. We found that mothers’ participation of Posyandu was positively correlated with MCH handbook utilization (p<0.05). Meanwhile, mother’s occupation (p>0.05), mothers’ education (p>0.05), and maternal age (p>0.05) were found to be unrelated to the utilization of MCH handbook. Mothers’ age, education, and employment were found to be uncorrelated with utilization of MCH handbook. Whereas, mothers’ participation in Posyandu was a determinant factor correlated with utilization of MCH handbook.
The Influence of Health Education on Diabetes Mellitus on Knowledge Improvement of Diabetes Mellitus Cadres in the Working Area of Medokan Ayu Health Center, Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Andajani Susilowati
Published: February 2020

This study aimed to analyze the influence of health education on improcing health cadres' knowledge about Diabetes Melitus (DM) at Ayu Medokan Health Center, Surabaya, Indonesia. The type and design of this study was non-randomized pretest-posttest design, with samples of DM cadres in the working area of Medokan Ayu Health Center, Surabaya, Indonesia. Sample size was 24 persons. The treatment variable was health education, while the dependent variable was the increase of the cadres' knowledge about DM. Normality test was performed with Kolmogorov Smirnov (a=0.05) and data analysis with Paired t-test (a=0.05). This study found that DM cadres were mostly female (23 people), with the youngest age 24 years, and the oldest 61 years. The highest age group (45.80%) was 40-49 years with a mean age of 44.37 + 9.27 years. Most of DM cadres' education (62.5%) was senior high school, then junior high school (25%). Most (58.3%) of the DM cadres did not work or as housewives. Besides being a DM cadre, most of them also posyandu and bumantik cadres, 2) There was a significant difference (p<0,0001) between the level of knowledge before and after health education. In conclusion, cadres' knowledge about DM can be improved, among others, by providing health education.
LOWER LEG DEFORMITY CORRECTION USING ILIZAROV DEVICE IN DR SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL SURABAYA: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Andrianus Jeffry , Prasetya Citra Ahdi
Published: February 2020

Background: limb deformity, especially lower leg deformity is a common case in orthopaedic practice. Limb deformity can be classified according to cause (Congenital, developmental, post trauma), geometry (angulation, rotation, shortening), severity and progression. In severe and complex deformity, the treatment choice is gradual correction using Ilizarov system. Benefit of the gradual correction using Ilizarov system are: (1) reduce the risk of neurovascular injury, (2) minimal soft tissue disturbance, (3) multiplanar and multidirectional correction.Cases: We have performed 11 deformity correction using ilizarov device during january 2013- September 2017. Evaluation data was obtained retrospectively from medical record. Nine patients were managed by Ilizarov device for bone lengthening indication and 2 patients for bone transport indication. The treatment result was evaluated using ASAMI scoring system for bone condition and functional condition.Results: Elevent patients were managed by Ilizarov system for gradual deformity correction. Nine patients already finished the treatment and the frame was removed. We cannot evaluate two patients because the correction was not finished. The ilizarov device was changed with other fixation because implant failure during correction phase. Evaluation using ASAMI score showed good bone score result for 9 patients and 7 excellent results for functional score.Conclusion: Ilizarov system has a promising result to correct lower limb deformity patients in Dr Soetomo General Hospital.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ZINC AND RISEDRONATE ON BONE TURNOVER IN RAT MODEL OF OSTEOPOROSIS ASSESSED WITH THE EXPRESSION OF β-CROSSLAPS
Authors: Fajar Adam , Chaidir Mohammad Rizal , Mulyadi Dicky , Ramdan Ahmad , Ismiarto Yoyos Dias
Published: February 2020

Background: Osteoporosis prevalence in Indonesia is high. Risedronate commonly used for treating the osteoporosis. Unfortunately, long term therapy can cause hazardous adverse effect to the patient. Previous research in rat model osteoporosis, Zinc have a potential effect to prevent and rebuild bone structure with osteoblast stimulation in bone formation and osteoclast activity inhibition in bone resorption by increasing Osteoprotegerin production, that inhibit bond between RANKL and RANK.Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of Zink and Risedronate on bone turnover in osteoporotic model rats assessed the β-CrossLaps expression.Methods: This research is conducted as experimental comparative method used 25 female Galur Wistar rat that divided into Non-ovariectomy and Ovariectomy group to induce osteoporosis. The treatment is divided into Zinc-Risedronate, and Zinc, or Risedronate only. One Way Anova and Independent T-test was used to analyzed the significant difference between groups.Result: One Way Anova statistic test forβ-CrossLaps expression value in the 3rd Taken blood sample showed that p is less than 0.05 (p<0.05), which indicated that are significant difference in the mean between variable at 3rd Taken blood sample in all group. Meanwhile, Independent T-test was used to compare β-CrossLaps expression in 3rd taken blood sample between Ovari and Ovari+Zinc, Ovari and Ovari+Zinc+Rise showed p is less than 0.05 (p<0.05), which indicated that there are significant difference in the mean between variable 2 groups.Conclusion: Zinc-Risedronate administration will decrease bone turnover and β-CrossLaps expression more than Zinc or Risedronate only in rat model osteoporosis.
ANALYSIS OF IMMUNITY IN OSTEOSARCOMA AS A BASIS FOR DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING THERAPY
Authors: Mahyudin Ferdiansyah , Edward Mouli , Basuki Muhammad Hardian , Prawira Kadek Seta
Published: February 2020

Background: Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone disease. Predictors which used to determine osteosarcoma from non-invasive (stage IIB) to invasive (stage III), through the ratio of macrophages-1 (M-1) which are pro-inflammatory (anti-cancer) with macrophages-2 (M-2) which have anti-inflammatory characteristic (pro cancer) is not clear yet.Purpose: To elaborate the role of M-1 ratio with M-2 in the development of non-invasive osteosarcoma become invasive, in effort to obtain predictors that can be used to the selection of neoadjuvant therapy time.Methods: An observational study with cross sectional analytic study design. The sample of this research were all of paraffin blocks containing osteosarcoma patient tissue, collected within 5 years. The number of samples that met the inclusion criteria was 26 samples, and then divided into two groups, namely group-I as many as 13 stages IIB and group-II as many as 13 samples of stage III. The measured variables are the number of macrophages that express TNF-α and those that express IL-10 by immunohistochemical methods.Results: Analysis of the data using a Mann-Whitney test, and the results were obtain is the number of macrophages expressing TNF-α in group-I was greater than in group-II (p <0.05). Likewise, macrophages that expressed IL-10 in group I were smaller than in group-II (p <0.05).Conclusion: The M-1 ratio which reflected by TNF-α expression cells with M-2 as reflected by IL-10 expression cells in the non-invasive group is 5: 1.Whereas in the group that develops to invasive is 1:6.
SARS-CoV-2 May Persist in Digestive Tract Longer than Respiratory Tract
Authors: Hu Yilin , SHEN Lisha , XU Zheming , Zhou Jianying , Zhou Hua
Published: February 2020

Covid-19 has now become a public health concern worldwide. The infection primarily involves the respiratory tract. Hitherto, some Covid-19 pneumonia patients carry the viral nucleic acids, and the active virus was detected in stool specimens. The virus discharged with feces is a potential contagious source. In the present study, three Covid-19 respiratory tract infection patients showed no gastrointestinal symptoms, and two were positive for viral nucleic acids in anal swab specimens remained positive 6 and at least 14 days after virus turned negative in the respiratory tract, respectively (details of the patients were listed in Fig 1). Thus, for Covid-19-infected patients with or without gastrointestinal symptoms, viral nucleic acids in stool specimens or anal swab specimens should be focused on for testing in order to decide the isolation duration of the patient.
Classifying Cutting Volume at Shale Shakers in Real-Time Via Video Streaming Using Deep-Learning Techniques
Authors: Du Xunsheng , Jin Yuchen , Wu Xuqing , Liu Yu , Wu Xianping (Sean) , Awan Omar , Roth Joey , See Kwee Choong , Tognini Nicolas , Chen Jiefu , Han Zhu
Published: February 2020

A real-time deep-learning model is proposed to classify the volume of cuttings from a shale shaker on an offshore drilling rig by analyzing the real-time monitoring video stream. Compared with the traditional video-analytics method, which is time-consuming, the proposed model is able to implement a real-time classification and achieve remarkable accuracy. Our approach is composed of three modules: a multithread engine for decoding/encoding real-time video stream. The video streaming is provided by a modularized service named Rig-Site Virtual Presence, which enables aggregating, storing, transrating/transcoding, streaming, and visualization of video data from the rig; an automatic region-of-interest (ROI) selector. A deep-learning-based object-detection approach is implemented to help the classification model find the region containing the cutting flow; and a convolutional-neural-network-based classification model, which is pretrained with videos collected from previous drilling operations. Normalization and principal-component analyses (PCAs) are conducted before every video frame is fed into the classification model. The classification model classifies each frame into four labels (Extra Heavy, Heavy, Light, and None) in real time. The overall workflow has been tested on a video stream directed from an offshore drilling rig. The video stream has a bitrate of 137 Kbps, approximately 6 frames/sec (fps), and a frame size of 720 × 486. The training process is conducted on an Nvidia GeForce 1070 graphics processing unit (GPU). The testing process (classification inference) runs with only an i5-8500 central processing unit (CPU). Because of the multithreads processing and proper adaptation on the classification model, we are able to handle the entire workflow in real time. This allows us to receive a real-time video stream and display the classification results with encoded frames on the user-side screen at the same time. We use the confusion matrix as the metric to evaluate the performance of our model. Compared with results manually labeled by engineers, our model can achieve highly accurate results in real time without dropping frames.
Global diastolic strain rate for the assessment of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in young peritoneal dialysis patients: a case control study
Authors: Zhu Jing , Shi Fei , You Tao , Tang Chao , Chen Jianchang
Published: February 2020

Background: Left ventricular (LV) myocardial longitudinal diastolic strain rate measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) was proved to have a better correlation with the LV diastolic function. We aimed to use this sensitive tool to predict LV myocardial diastolic dysfunction in young peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF).Methods: We enrolled 30 PD patients aged ≤60 with LVEF ≥54% and classified as normal LV diastolic function by conventional echocardiography, and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy people as the control group. The left atrial maximum volume index (LAVI), LV mass index (LVMI), LVEF, LV posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR), peak early diastolic velocity/late diastolic velocity(by Pulsed Doppler) (E/A) and E/peak velocity of the early diastolic wave (by Pulsed-wave tissue Doppler) (E/e’) were recorded by conventional echocardiographic. Next, the average LV global longitudinal systolic strain (GLS avg) and the average LV global longitudinal diastolic strain rate (DSr avg) during early diastole (DSrE avg), late diastole (DSrA avg) and isovolumic relaxation period (DSrIVR avg) were obtained from 2D-STI. Combined them with E, the new noninvasive indexes (E/DSrE avg, E/DSrA avg and E/DSrIVR avg) were derived.Results: The PD group ’s LVEF, E/e¢, TR and LAVI were in the normal range compared with the controls, and only e¢ (p<0.001) was decreased. The LVMI (p<0.001), LVPWT (p<0.001), IVST (p<0.001) increased while E/A (p<0.001) decreased. The GLS avg (p=0.008) was significantly decreased in PD patients compared with the controls. DSrA avg (p=0.006) and E/DSrE avg (p=0.006) were increased, while DSrE avg (p<0.001), DSrIVR avg (p=0.017) and E/DSrA avg (p<0.001) decreased. After the multivariable regression analysis, the correlation between DSrE and the conventional parameters including LVPWT (p<0.001), E/A (p<0.001) still remained significant. Conclusions: Young PD patients with preserved LVEF already exhibited myocardial diastolic dysfunction. Global diastolic strain rate indexes were valuable parameters to evaluate diastolic dysfunction. Additionally, LVPWT was highly correlated with DSrE, such parameter should be taken into account for predicting the early LV diastolic dysfunction in clinical practice.
Screening differentially expressed genes of pancreatic cancer between Mongolian and Han people using bioinformatics technology
Authors: Xu Jiasheng , Liao Kaili , FU ZHONGHUA , XIONG ZHENFANG
Published: February 2020

Objective: To screen and analyze differentially expressed genes in pancreatic carcinoma tissues taken from Mongolian and Han patients by Affymetrix Genechip. Methods: Pancreatic ductal cell carcinoma tissues were collected from the Mongolian and Han patients undergoing resection in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from March 2015 to May 2018 and the total RNA was extracted. Differentially expressed genes were selected from the total RNA qualified by Nanodrop 2000 and Agilent 2100 using Affymetrix and a cartogram was drawn; The gene ontology (GO) analysis and Pathway analysis were used for the collection and analysis of biological information of these differentially expressed genes. Finally, some differentially expressed genes were verified by real-time PCR.

Results: Through the microarray analysis of gene expression, 970 differentially expressed genes were detected by comparing pancreatic cancer tissue samples between Mongolian and Han patients. A total of 257 genes were significantly up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue samples in Mongolian patients; while a total of 713 genes were down-regulated. In the Gene Ontology database, 815 differentially expressed genes were identified with clear GO classification, and CPB1 gene showed the highest increase in expression level (multiple difference: 31.76). The pathway analysis detected 28 signaling pathways that included these differentially expressed genes, involving a total of 178 genes. Among these pathways, the enrichment of differentially expressed genes in the FAK signaling pathway was the strongest and COL11A1 gene showed the highest multiple difference (multiple difference: 5.02). The expression of differentially expressed genes CPB1, COL11A1、ITGA4、BIRC3、PAK4、CPA1、CLPS、PIK3CG and HLA-DPA1 determined by real-time PCR were consistent with the results of gene microarray analysis.

Conclusions: The results of microarray analysis of gene expression profiles showed that there are a large number of differentially expressed genes in pancreatic cancer tissue samples comparing Mongolian and Han population. These genes are closely related to the cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, metastasis and multi-drug resistance in pancreatic cancer. They are also involved in the regulation of multiple important signaling pathways in organisms.
Impact of the comprehensive geriatric assessment on treatment decision in geriatric oncology
Authors: Sourdet Sandrine , Brechemier Delphine , Steinmeyer Zara , Gerard Stephane , Balardy Laurent
Published: February 2020

Background: The comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is the gold standard in geriatric oncology to identify patients at high risk of adverse outcomes and optimize cancer and overall management. Many studies have demonstrated that CGA could modify oncologic treatment decision. However, there is little knowledge on which domains of the CGA are associated with this change. Moreover, the impact of frailty and physical performance on cancer treatment changes have been rarely assessed.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of older patients with solid or hematologic cancer referred by oncologists for a geriatric evaluation before cancer treatment. A comprehensive geriatric assessment was performed by a multidisciplinary team to provide guidance for treatment decision. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify CGA domains associated with change in cancer treatment plan.
Results: 418 patients, mean age 82.8 ± 5.5, were included between October 2011 and January 2016, and 384 of them were referred with an initial cancer treatment plan. This initial cancer treatment plan was changed in 64 patients (16.7 %). In multivariate analysis, CGA domains associated with change in cancer treatment plan were cognitive impairment according to the MMSE score (p=0.020), malnutrition according to the MNA score (p=0.023), and low physical performance according to the Short Physical Performance Battery (p=0.010).
Conclusion: Cognition, malnutrition and low physical performance are significantly associated with change in cancer treatment plan in older adults with cancer. More studies are needed to evaluate their association with survival, treatment toxicity and quality of life. The role of physical performance should be specifically explored.
Feto-Maternal Outcomes Of Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy In Yekatit-12 Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mengistu Mekoya Dabulo , Kuma Tilahun
Published: February 2020

Background In resource poor countries, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are common and form one of the deadly triad, along with hemorrhage and infection, which contribute greatly to maternal and fetal jeopardy. Methods The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and determine the effects of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy on the feto-maternal outcomes. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study on 615 women who attended delivery at Yekatit-12 Teaching Hospital from July 2017 - Jan 2018. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate rates. Chi-square statistics were used to estimate the associations among selected predictor variables. A p-value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results Out of the 615 study population, the prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was found to be 25.4%, of which the majority (54.5%) was severe pre-eclampsia. Eclampsia accounted for 2.6%, and superimposed pre-eclampsia was 2.6%. The rate of severe pre-eclampsia with HELLP syndrome was 7.1% of all mothers with the hypertensive disorders. The majority of mothers with hypertensive disorders (59.6%) had age range of 25-34 years. About 46% of mothers required interventions to terminate the pregnancy either by cesarean section (42.3%) or instrumental deliveries (3.7%). The rate of preterm, low birth weight, and low Apgar at 1st and 5thminutes accounted for 30%, 25%, 24.4% and 16.7% of neonates born to mothers with hypertensive disorders, respectively. Over 19% of neonates required resuscitation and 11.5% NICU referral. The rate of still birth was 2.6%. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is high in the study area and complicates maternal and fetal outcomes of the pregnancy. To deter its detrimental effects both on fetal and maternal outcomes of pregnancy, antenatal surveillance should be expanded to enable early detection, stringent follow-up and timely intervention in severely affected pregnancies.
Unique miRNAs and their targets in tomato leaf responding to combined drought and heat stress
Authors: Zhou Rong , Yu Xiaqing , Ottosen Carl-Otto , Zhang Tingling , Wu Zhen , Zhao Tongmin
Published: February 2020

Background: Both drought and heat stress are serious global problems, leading to agricultural production loss. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in plant species responding to individual drought and heat stress. However, the miRNAs and mRNAs in association with combined drought and heat in crops like tomato remains unclear.
Results: We studied the crosstalk of miRNAs and their target genes in tomato plants grown under simultaneous drought and heat stress that frequently happen in field conditions. In total, 335 known miRNAs representing 55 miRNA families and 430 potential novel miRNAs were identified in Solanum lycopersicum L. using small RNA deep sequencing. Through expression analysis, miRNAs in association with drought, heat and the combination of these were investigated. In total, 61, 74 and 37 miRNAs were differentially regulated for combination (of both stresses) vs control, combination vs drought and combination vs heat, respectively. Target genes with different expression levels were found using degradome sequencing, which were mainly involved in transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, transcription, regulation of transcription, nucleus, DNA binding etc . The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results confirmed the accuracy of sequencing.
Conclusions: Our study serves as valuable knowledge on how crop adapted to combined drought and heat stress by regulating miRNAs and mRNAs, which provide information for crop improvement to deal with future climate changes.
Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L.; miRNAs; degradome; functional analysis; combined abiotic stress
Prevalence of viral sexually transmitted infections and HPV high-risk genotypes in women in rural communities in the Department of La Paz, Bolivia
Authors: Patzi-Churqui Marianela , Terrazas-Aranda Katty , Liljeqvist Jan-Åke , Lindh Magnus , Eriksson Kristina
Published: February 2020

Background: Bolivia has the highest prevalence of cervical cancer in South America and the prevalence of viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among people in urban cities is increasing. Little is known about the prevalence of viral STIs in rural communities, which generally have limited access to health care. In order to study the prevalence of viral STIs in rural Bolivia, we recruited women from villages and towns in the Department of La Paz in Bolivia. Methods: 394 female participants were assessed for IgG-antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV, anti-HBc), as well as for the presence of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in dried blood spots. The prevalence of 12 high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) was assessed by qPCR in dried cervicovaginal cell spots from 376 of these women. χ 2 test was used to compare variables between the populations and binary logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with the positivity of the tests. Results: The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 53% and of HBV 10.3%. HBAg was detected in 15.8% of women with anti-HBV antibodies indicating chronic infection. The frequency of high-risk HPV infection was 27%, with the most prevalent high-risk HPV types being HPV 56, 39 and 31 followed by HPV 16 and 18. Finally, none of the 394 women were seropositive for HIV, and about 64% of the studied population was positive for at least one of the viral infections. Conclusions: Women in Bolivian rural communities in La Paz show a high prevalence of HBV, HPV and, in particular, HSV-2. In contrast, none of the women were HIV positive, suggesting that the HIV prevalence in this population is low. The pattern of high-risk HPV types differed from many other countries with a predominance of HPV-types not included in the Gardasil vaccine which was officially introduced in Bolivia in April 2017.
Women's Experiences of Rectovaginal Fistula: An Ethno- Religious Experience
Authors: Nezhad Fatemeh Touhidi , Jalali Rostam , Karimi Fozieh
Published: February 2020

Background: Obstetric fistulas are one of the most tragic injuries that occur after difficult, prolonged childbirth without timely intervention. These fistulas cause discomfort to patients and result in emotional, social, and even physical suffering. The aim of the present study was to explore the experiences of women with rectovaginal fistula in Kamyaran city, in Kurdestan province, west of Iran.
Methods: In a phenomenological study, 16 patients, healthcare personnel and patients' families were investigated. Purposive sampling was performed and Study participants were interviewed in-depth semi-structured interviews. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim (word by word) and analyzed by Colaizzi's method. In order to determine the validity of the study, Lincoln and Guba’s criteria, which include credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability, were considered.
Results: Five general themes and ten sub-themes emerged after investigating interviews. Themes include religious harassment the sub-theme of being defiled), fail (subthemes of loss and negative attitudes, disrupted sex (the subtheme of sexual dissatisfaction), consequence (three subthemes of sleep disturbance, mental crisis, and isolation), and ultimately panic (three subthemes of humiliation, secrecy, and fear).
Conclusion: The rectovaginal fistula is a complex and multifaceted problem with social, individual, familial, religious, and ethnic-environmental dimensions, so there is no simple solution to interact with this problem and there is a need to find a solution, considering the dimensions of the problem and plan for help these patients cope with their disease, and take steps to fully treat it.
Tracing cross species transmission of Mycobacterium bovis at the wildlife/livestock interface in South Africa
Authors: Sichewo Petronillah Rudo , Hlokwe Tiny M. , Etter Eric M.C. , Michel Anita L.
Published: February 2020

Background: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) affects cattle and wildlife in South Africa with the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) as the principal maintenance host. The presence of a wildlife maintenance host at the wildlife/livestock interface acting as spill-over host makes it much more challenging to control and eradicate bTB in cattle. Spoligotyping and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number of tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) genotyping methods were performed to investigate the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) isolates from cattle and wildlife, their distribution and transmission at the wildlife/livestock interface in northern Kwa-Zulu Natal (KZN), South Africa. Results: SB0130 was identified as the dominant spoligotype pattern at this wildlife/livestock interface, while VNTR typing revealed a total of 29 VNTR profiles (strains) in the KZN province signifying high genetic variability. The detection of 5 VNTR profiles shared between cattle and buffalo suggests M. bovis transmission between species. MIRU-VNTR confirmed co-infection in one cow with three strains of M. bovis that differed at a single locus, with 2 being shared with buffalo, implying pathogen introduction from most probably unrelated wildlife sources. Conclusion: Our findings highlight inter and intra species transmission of bTB at the wildlife/livestock interface and the need for the implementation of adequate bTB control measures to mitigate the spread of the pathogen responsible for economic losses and a public health threat.
Changes in individual and contextual socio-economic level influence on reproductive behavior in Spanish women. The MCC-Spain study
Authors: Gómez-Acebo Ines , Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad , Palazuelos Camilo , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz , Amiano Pilar , Fernández-Villa Tania , Ardanaz Eva , Suarez-Calleja Claudia , Alguacil Juan , Molina-Barceló Ana , Jiménez-Moleón José J. , Molero Jessica Alonso , Roca-Barceló Aina , Chirlaque María-Dolores , Vázquez José Pedro Fernández , Molinuevo Amaia , Aragonés Nuria , Serra Maria Sala , Binefa Gemma , Moreno Victor , Pollán Marina , Kogevinas Manolis , Llorca Javier
Published: February 2020

Background

The association between socioeconomic level and reproductive factors has been widely studied. For example, it is well known that women with lower socioeconomic status (SES) tend to have more children, the age at first-born being earlier. However, less is known about to what extent the great socioeconomic changes occurred in a country (Spain) could modify women reproductive factors.

Objective

To analyze the influence of individual and contextual socioeconomic levels on reproductive factors in Spanish women, and to explore whether this influence has changed over the last decades.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional design using data from 2038 women recruited as population-based controls in an MCC-Spain case-control study.

Results

Higher parent’s economic level, education level, occupational level and lower urban vulnerability were associated with higher age at first delivery and lower number of pregnancies. These associations were stronger for women born after 1950: women with unfinished primary education had their first delivery six years before women with high education if they were born after 1950 (23.4 vs. 29.8 years) but only three years before if they were born before 1950 (25.7 vs. 28.0 years). For women born after 1950, the number of pregnancies dropped from 2.1 (unfinished primary school) to 1.7 (high education), whereas it remained almost unchanged in women born before 1950.

Conclusions

Reproductive behavior was associated with both individual and area-level socio-economic indicators. Such association was stronger for women born after 1950 regarding age at first delivery and number of pregnancies and for women born before 1950 regarding consumption of hormonal contraceptives or postmenopausal therapy.
Phylogeny of teleost connexins reveals highly inconsistent intra- and interspecies use of nomenclature and misassemblies in recent teleost chromosome assemblies
Authors: Mikalsen Svein Ole , Tausen Marni , Kongsstovu Sunnvør í
Published: February 2020

Background: Based on an initial collecting of database sequences from the gap junction protein gene family (also called connexin genes) in a few teleosts, the naming of these sequences appeared variable. The reasons could be (i) that the structure in this family is variable across teleosts, or (ii) unfortunate naming. Rather clear rules for the naming of genes in fish and mammals have been outlined by nomenclature committees, including the naming of orthologous and ohnologous genes. We therefore analyzed the connexin gene family in teleosts in more detail. We covered the range of divergence times in teleosts (eel, Atlantic herring, zebrafish, Atlantic cod, three-spined stickleback, Japanese pufferfish and spotted pufferfish; listed from early divergence to late divergence).Results: The gene family pattern of connexin genes is similar across the analyzed teleosts. However, (i) several nomenclature systems are used, (ii) specific orthologous groups contain genes that are named differently in different species, (iii) several distinct genes have the same name in a species, and (iv) some genes have incorrect names. The latter includes a human connexin pseudogene, claimed as GJA4P, but which in reality is Cx39.2P (a delta subfamily gene often called GJD2like). We point out the ohnologous pairs of genes in teleosts, and we suggest a more consistent nomenclature following the outlined rules from the nomenclature committees. We further show that connexin sequences can indicate some errors in two high-quality chromosome assemblies that became available very recently.Conclusions: Minimal consistency exists in the present practice of naming teleost connexin genes. A consistent and unified nomenclature would be an advantage for future automatic annotations and would make various types of subsequent genetic analyses easier. Additionally, roughly 5% of the connexin sequences point out misassemblies in the new high-quality chromosome assemblies from herring and cod.