bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La place réservée à l’avis des peuples autochtones dans le cadre du processus de prise de décision concernant le Plan Nord ou l’exploitation du Nord québécois : perspective juridique interne et internationale
Authors: Farget Doris , Fullum-Lavery Marie-Pier
Published: May 2014

Cet article présente les normes de droit interne et international encadrant la prise en compte de l’avis des peuples autochtones lorsque des décisions gouvernementales sont susceptibles d’avoir un impact sur leurs vies, leurs territoires ou sur leurs droits. L’article met en lumière certaines ambiguïtés quant à l’interprétation de ces normes et propose des pistes de solution afin d’y remédier.

Il tend à démontrer que le régime de consultation en place au Canada devrait prendre en compte l’avis des peuples autochtones de manière plus importante. Pour ce faire, les auteures mettent en lumière les intérêts du droit au consentement préalable, libre et éclairé, outil de conciliation, oeuvrant à l’acceptabilité de projets d’envergure et à la prise en compte des peuples autochtones en tant que partenaires de ceux-ci. L’article propose également une interprétation novatrice des normes de droit international et rappelle qu’elles peuvent asseoir l’intégration du droit au consentement en droit interne.
Corporate Liability for Foreign Corrupt Practices under Canadian Law
Authors: Blyschak Paul
Published: May 2014

Compliance with, and risk management in respect of, foreign anti-corruption law has quickly become a priority for Canadian corporations with international operations or assets. This article tracks this rapid evolution in Canadian corporate culture and compliance through a broad examination of corporate liability for foreign corrupt practices under Canadian law. Rather than merely conduct a review of the law governing corporate liability for foreign corrupt practices under Canadian law, however, this article also highlights a number of unresolved, problematic, or more complex areas of such law. This review does not purport to the exhaustive; nor does it presume offer definitive answers to the numerous questions posed. Rather, given the recent acceleration of the enforcement of the CFPOA by Canadian authorities, the aim of this article is to contribute novel legal analysis to an increasingly important area of corporate law and practice.
Discovering Union Films and Its Archives
Authors: Musser Charles
Published: May 2014

This article begins by providing a narrative account of the (re)discovery of Union Films, the leading producer of left-wing documentaries in the United States in the immediate post-World War II era. Because of the Red Scare and blacklist, the organization has gone unmentioned in histories of documentary and radical filmmaking. The Orphan Film Movement has provided a cultural formation that has enabled this reclamation to unfold, providing a synergy between scholars, archives and labs. The question is then raised: where does the Union Films Project go from here?
The Length of a Wide Highway: On the Archive, the (Electronic) Marketplace, and the End of a Collection
Authors: Wild Jennifer
Published: May 2014

This essay is an image-driven reflection on the archive, the collection and collecting, and the act of acquisition. Using parts of her collection of cinema-related ephemera, the author draws on the writing of Apollinaire, Benjamin, Canudo, Derrida, and Dugas to animate questions about their ownership and their place and function in both the archive and the activities of writing and research. By also examining the dynamics of real and virtual marketplaces, the author in turn explores how questions concerning reproduction, purchasing and repetition inhabit the theoretical strata of today’s archive, as well as comprise the archival strata of the collection itself.
Zift ou La mise en bière de l’idéologie totalitaire
Authors: Vassilev Kris
Published: May 2014

Le film Zift (Javor Gardev, 2008), qui met en scène l’époque du totalitarisme bulgare, refuse les postulats et les procédés d’un discours d’inspiration réaliste revendiquant ou imitant l’authenticité du document historique. Au langage impersonnel du reportage, Zift substitue la représentation outrancière d’un parcours initiatique. En plaçant sa narration dans la perspective faussement naïve d’une expérience individuelle, le film brouille les images d’un savoir banalisé, fondé sur les lieux communs et les certitudes apprises. Au mépris des conventions génériques, Zift subordonne la réalité communiste qu’il représente au code normatif du film noir. Sur l’arrière-fond de cette alliance inédite, le récit filmique déploie ses métaphores sous-jacentes : autant de symboles incarnant les rouages du système totalitaire, inséparable du scatologique, de l’absurde et du grotesque. Au coeur de cette insolite contextualisation de l’espace totalitaire, Zift semble chercher le principe générateur de l’histoire, pour l’émanciper d’un passé définitivement replié sur lui-même.
Do HIV‐1 non‐B subtypes differentially impact resistance mutations and clinical disease progression in treated populations? Evidence from a systematic review
Authors: Bhargava Madhavi , Cajas Jorge Martinez , Wainberg Mark A , Klein Marina B , Pai Nitika Pant
Published: May 2014

There are 31 million adults living with HIV‐1 non‐B subtypes globally, and about 10 million are on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Global evidence to guide clinical practice on ART response in HIV‐1 non‐B subtypes remains limited. We systematically searched 11 databases for the period 1996 to 2013 for evidence. Outcomes documented included time to development of AIDS and/or death, resistance mutations, opportunistic infections, and changes in CD4 cell counts and viral load. A lack of consistent reporting of all clinical end points precluded a meta‐analysis. In sum, genetic diversity that precipitated differences in disease progression in ART‐naïve populations was minimized in ART‐experienced populations, although variability in resistance mutations persisted across non‐B subtypes. To improve the quality of patient care in global settings, recording HIV genotypes at baseline and at virologic failure with targeted non‐B subtype‐based point‐of‐care resistance assays and timely phasing out of resistance‐inducing ART regimens is recommended.
Finding the missing link
Authors: Schwartz Thomas U
Published: May 2014

The discovery of an ancient protein complex reveals the evolutionary relationships between the proteins that help to form vesicles.
Technological Advancements in Affective Gaming: A Historical Survey
Authors: Christy Thomas , Kuncheva Ludmila I.
Published: May 2014

Affective gaming (AG) is a cross-disciplinary area drawing upon psychology, physiology, electronic engineering and computer science, among others. This paper presents a historical overview of affective gaming, bringing together psychophysiological system developments, a time-line of video game graphical advancements and industry trends, thereby offering an entry point into affective gaming research. It is proposed that video games may soon reach a peak in perceivable graphical improvements. This opens up the door for innovative game enhancement strategies, such as emotiondriven interactions between the player and the gaming environment.
Factors Underlying Reduced Hospitalizations for Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wilcock Andrew D. , Zubizarreta Jose R. , Wadhera Rishi K. , Yeh Robert W. , Zachrison Kori S. , Schwamm Lee H. , Mehrotra Ateev
Published: July 2024

Importance

The incidence of hospital encounters for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) decreased sharply early in the COVID-19 pandemic and has not returned to prepandemic levels. There has been an ongoing debate about what mechanism may underlie this decline, including patients avoiding the hospital for treatment, excess mortality from COVID-19 among patients who would otherwise have had an AMI, a reduction in the incidence or severity of AMIs due to pandemic-related changes in behavior, or a preexisting temporal trend of lower AMI incidence.

Objective

To describe drivers of changing incidence in AMI hospital encounters during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used traditional Medicare claims from all patients enrolled in traditional Medicare from January 2016 to June 2023 (total of 2.85 billion patient-months) to calculate the rate of AMI hospital encounters (emergency department visits, observation stays, or inpatient admissions) per capita at all short-term acute care and critical access hospitals in the United States overall and by patient characteristics. Observed rates were compared with expected rates that accounted for shifts in population characteristics and the prepandemic temporal trend (as estimated over 2016-2019). Data were analyzed in November 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Hospital encounters for AMI.

Results

On average, the study sample included 31 623 928 patients each month from January 2016 through June 2023, for a total of 2 846 153 487 patient-months during the 90-month study period. In June 2023, there were 0.044 AMI hospital encounters per 100 patients, which was 20% lower than in June 2019 (0.055 encounters per 100 patients). Early in the pandemic, AMI rates moved inversely with COVID-19 death rates and tracked patterns seen for other painful acute conditions, such as nephrolithiasis, suggesting these changes were associated with care avoidance. Changes in patient characteristics driven by excess deaths during the pandemic explained little of the decline. Later in the pandemic, the decline may be explained by the long-standing downward trend in AMI incidence; by April 2022, the observed rate of encounters matched the expected rate that accounted for this trend. During the full pandemic period, from March 2020 to June 2023, there were an estimated 5% (95% prediction interval, 1%-9%) fewer AMI hospital encounters than expected.

Conclusions and Relevance

The early reduction in AMI encounters was likely driven by care avoidance, while ongoing reductions through June 2023 likely reflect long-standing temporal trends. During the pandemic, there were 5% fewer AMI encounters than expected.
Leadless Ultrasound-Based Cardiac Resynchronization System in Heart Failure
Authors: Singh Jagmeet P. , Rinaldi Christopher A. , Sanders Prashanthan , Kubo Spencer H. , James Simon , Niazi Imran K. , Betts Timothy , Butter Christian , Okabe Toshimasa , Cunnane Ryan , Aziz Emad , Biffi Mauro , Zaidi Amir , Alison Jeffrey , Defaye Pascal , Aurrichio Angelo , Gold Michael R. , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Rogers Tyson , Walsh Mary Norine ,   SOLVE-CRT Investigators
Published: July 2024

Importance

Approximately 40% of patients with heart failure (HF) who are eligible for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) either fail to respond or are untreatable due to anatomical constraints.

Objective

To assess the safety and efficacy of a novel, leadless, left ventricular (LV) endocardial pacing system for patients at high risk for a CRT upgrade or whose coronary sinus (CS) lead placement/pacing with a conventional CRT system failed.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The SOLVE-CRT study was a prospective multicenter trial enrolling January 2018 through July 2022, with follow-up at 6 months. Data were analyzed from January 17, 2018, through February 15, 2023. The trial combined data from an initial randomized, double-blind study (n = 108) and a subsequent single-arm part (n = 75). It took place at 36 centers across Australia, Europe, and the US. Participants were nonresponders, previously untreatable (PU), or high-risk upgrades (HRU). All participants contributed to the safety analysis. The primary efficacy analysis (n = 100) included 75 PU-HRU patients from the single-arm part and 25 PU-HRU patients from the randomized treatment arm.

Interventions

Patients were implanted with the WiSE CRT System (EBR Systems) consisting of a leadless LV endocardial pacing electrode stimulated with ultrasound energy delivered by a subcutaneously implanted transmitter and battery.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary safety end point was freedom from type I complications. The primary efficacy end point was a reduction in mean LV end systolic volume (LVESV).

Results

The study included 183 participants; mean age was 68.1 (SD, 10.3) years and 141 were male (77%). The trial was terminated at an interim analysis for meeting prespecified stopping criteria. In the safety population, patients were either New York Heart Association Class II (34.6%) or III (65.4%). The primary efficacy end point was met with a 16.4% (95% CI, −21.0% to −11.7%) reduction in mean LVESV (P = .003). The primary safety end point was met with an 80.9% rate of freedom from type I complications (P < .001), which included 12 study device system events (6.6%), 5 vascular events (2.7%), 3 strokes (1.6%), and 7 cardiac perforations which mostly occurred early in the study (3.8%).

Conclusions and Relevance

The SOLVE-CRT study has demonstrated that leadless LV endocardial pacing with the WiSE CRT system is associated with a reduction in LVESV in patients with HF. This novel system may represent an alternative to conventional CRT implants in some HF patient populations.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0292203
Postlumpectomy Mammography for Management of Breast Cancers With Microcalcifications
Authors: Johnson Josh , Syrnioti Georgia , Eden Claire M. , Fasano Genevieve , Liu Anni , Zhou Xi Kathy , Newman Lisa A.
Published: July 2024

This cohort study examines use of lumpectomy margin status in managing microcalcifications in breast cancer.
Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in High-Risk Pediatric Trauma Patients
Authors: Witte Amanda B. , Van Arendonk Kyle , Bergner Carisa , Bantchev Martin , Falcone Richard A. , Moody Suzanne , Hartman Heather A. , Evans Emily , Thakkar Rajan , Patterson Kelli N. , Minneci Peter C. , Mak Grace Z. , Slidell Mark B. , Johnson MacKenton , Landman Matthew P. , Markel Troy A. , Leys Charles M. , Cherney Stafford Linda , Draper Jessica , Foley David S. , Downard Cynthia , Skaggs Tracy M. , Lal Dave R. , Gourlay David , Ehrlich Peter F.
Published: July 2024

Importance

The indications, safety, and efficacy of chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis (cVTE) in pediatric trauma patients remain unclear. A set of high-risk criteria to guide cVTE use was recently recommended; however, these criteria have not been evaluated prospectively.

Objective

To examine high-risk criteria and cVTE use in a prospective multi-institutional study of pediatric trauma patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was completed between October 2019 and October 2022 in 8 free-standing pediatric hospitals designated as American College of Surgeons level I pediatric trauma centers. Participants were pediatric trauma patients younger than 18 years who met defined high-risk criteria on admission. It was hypothesized that cVTE would be safe and reduce the incidence of VTE.

Exposures

Receipt and timing of chemical VTE prophylaxis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was overall VTE rate stratified by receipt and timing of cVTE. The secondary outcome was safety of cVTE as measured by bleeding or other complications from anticoagulation.

Results

Among 460 high-risk pediatric trauma patients, the median (IQR) age was 14.5 years (10.4-16.2 years); 313 patients (68%) were male and 147 female (32%). The median (IQR) Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 23 (16-30), and median (IQR) number of high-risk factors was 3 (2-4). A total of 251 (54.5%) patients received cVTE; 62 (13.5%) received cVTE within 24 hours of admission. Patients who received cVTE after 24 hours had more high-risk factors and higher ISS. The most common reason for delayed cVTE was central nervous system bleed (120 patients; 30.2%). There were 28 VTE events among 25 patients (5.4%). VTE occurred in 1 of 62 patients (1.6%) receiving cVTE within 24 hours, 13 of 189 patients (6.9%) receiving cVTE after 24 hours, and 11 of 209 (5.3%) who had no cVTE (P = .31). Increasing time between admission and cVTE initiation was significantly associated with VTE (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.01; P = .01). No bleeding complications were observed while patients received cVTE.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this prospective study, use of cVTE based on a set of high-risk criteria was safe and did not lead to bleeding complications. Delay to initiation of cVTE was significantly associated with development of VTE. Quality improvement in pediatric VTE prevention may center on timing of prophylaxis and barriers to implementation.
MRI evidence of gray matter loss in COVID‐19 patients with cognitive and olfactory disorders
Authors: Capelli Serena , Arrigoni Alberto , Napolitano Angela , Pezzetti Giulio , Remuzzi Andrea , Zangari Rosalia , Lorini Ferdinando Luca , Sessa Maria , Caroli Anna , Gerevini Simonetta
Published: July 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess COVID‐19‐related gray matter (GM) structural alterations in two distinct groups of patients presenting with the prevailing and distinctive COVID‐19‐related neurological symptoms – isolated olfactory disorders as sole neurological manifestation (COVID‐OD) and cognitive disorders (COVID‐CD) – as compared to a control group of unaffected individuals.

Methods

The study included 61 COVID‐CD patients (57 [60–63] years, 62% females), 84 COVID‐OD patients (49 [35–57] years, 60% females), and 17 controls (51 [41–52] years, 41% females). Region‐based morphometry (RBM) and voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) were performed on T1‐weighted MRI scans to assess GM regional volume and voxel‐wise density differences between COVID‐19 patients and controls. Surface‐based morphometry (SBM) was applied to investigate cortical thickness alterations. The statistical models built to assess GM structural differences among groups included total intracranial volume and age as nuisance variables.

Results

The multi‐morphometric analysis revealed statistically significant (p < 0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons) reduction in GM regional volumes, in voxel‐wise GM density and in cortical thickness in both COVID‐CD and COVID‐OD patient groups as compared to controls. Across all three analyses, COVID‐CD patients showed more distributed and severe GM loss than COVID‐OD patients. The most prominently affected GM regions in the COVID‐CD group included the hippocampus, putamen, cingulate gyrus, precuneus, precentral and postcentral gyri, amygdala, lingual gyrus, and caudate nucleus.

Interpretation

Our MRI findings show that COVID‐19‐related olfactory and cognitive disorders both induce GM atrophy, although at different degrees of severity, likely indicative of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.
Flexible High‐Temperature Polymer Dielectrics Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation for High Efficient Energy Storage
Authors: Pei Jia‐Yao , Zhu Jing , Yin Li‐Juan , Zhao Yu , Yang Minhao , Zhong Shao‐Long , Feng Qi‐Kun , Dang Zhi‐Min
Published: July 2024

Polymer‐based dielectrics with fast electrostatic energy storage and release, are crucial for advanced electronics and power systems. However, the deterioration of insulation performance and charge–discharge efficiency of polymer dielectrics at elevated temperatures and high electric fields hinder the applications of capacitors in harsh environments. Herein, a facile and scalable approach is reported to fabricating flexible high‐temperature polymer dielectrics for high‐efficiency energy storage by ultraviolet irradiation. The resultant dielectric films exhibit an augment of 493% in energy density and exceeding 800% in discharge efficiency at 200 °C (3.2 J cm−3 and over 90% discharge efficiency at 480 M V−1m for irradiated polyetherimide (PEI), 0.54 J cm−3, and below 10% discharge efficiency at 400 MV m−1 for pristine PEI) and excellent cycle performance. The injected space charge is found to be the dominant contributor to energy loss during the charge–discharge process. Free radicals introduced by ultraviolet irradiation can act as deep traps to capture injected charge and suppress space charge migration. This work clarifies the contribution of space charge to energy loss and demonstrates the effectiveness of ultraviolet irradiation in improving the capacitive performance of high‐temperature polymer dielectrics. These findings provide a novel paradigm for the rational design of high‐temperature polymer dielectrics for high‐efficiency energy storage.
Fish Collagen Cross‐Linking Strategies to Improve Mechanical and Bioactive Capabilities for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Leonard Alexandria R. , Cumming Mathew H. , Ali Mohammad Azam , Cabral Jaydee D.
Published: July 2024

Collagen is the most abundant protein found in humans and is fundamental to tissue structure and function. Collagen products used in biomedical research are primarily derived from mammals, and despite being mainly responsible for providing strength to native connective tissue, collagen hydrogels have comparatively low mechanical properties without the use of additional cross‐linking strategies. Alternative sources of collagen, like fish collagen, are emerging as key biomaterials in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). By addressing cultural/religious concerns, ease of extraction, absence of mammalian‐derived allergens, and retention of functional motifs, fish collagen has many promising characteristics that make it a suitable alternative to mammalian collagen. Several physical and chemical cross‐linking strategies of fish collagen are explored to create more stable and resilient scaffolds for a variety of TERM applications. This comprehensive review explores how these modifications are optimized in fish collagen hydrogel systems. Herein, the use of fish collagen and their reported sources for TERM research, as well as the types of treatments (including sterilization) used to alter collagen structures and functions, are presented to date.
Electronic Band Offset in a Diamond|cBN|Diamond System for Modulation Doping
Authors: Ruan Qiyuan , Li Xingfu , Yakobson Boris I.
Published: July 2024

Diamond is a material with promising electronics applications but with challenges in effective doping. Cubic boron nitride (cBN), due to its similar lattice structure, is ideal for forming heterostructures with diamond, to modify electronic properties and especially shift the band positions. Here it is demonstrated how integrating cBN layers of finite thickness in diamond can induce an electronic band offset near the polarized diamond‐cBN interface. Beyond the direct density functional theory computations, an analytical model is developed for rapid examination of the band offset, for a broad number of crystallographic orientations, in excellent agreement with ab initio calculations. Results show that near [100] and [111] crystal directions, the diamond|cBN|diamond heterostructure displays a 3–4 eV band offset which is expected to facilitate effective modulation doping of diamond.
Direct Catalysis‐Driven Yarn Artificial Muscles: Chemically Induced Actuation
Authors: Zhou Xiaoshuang , Li Mingxia , Cao Xiaoting , Dong Xu , Fang Shaoli , Li Lvzhou , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Baughman Ray H.
Published: July 2024

Yarn artificial muscles offer an exciting avenue to replicate the extraordinary efficiency of biological muscles, converting chemical energy directly into mechanical work. Nevertheless, realizing the chemical‐mechanical energy conversion has posed significant challenges. In this study, a novel approach for harnessing direct catalysis to power yarn artificial muscles within a one‐compartment aqueous system is introduced. This research distinguishes itself through an innovative actuation mechanism using nanoscale catalytic particles. These nanoparticles synthesized and integrated onto the yarn surface act as a chemical trigger for muscle actuation. Notably, the resulting yarn muscle demonstrates a reversible tensile stroke of nearly 4% in ≈20 s. By bridging the gap between chemical catalysis and mechanical performance, this study paves the way for innovative applications in fields ranging from robotics to biomedical devices.
Fluorescent Nanowires from Dual‐State Emitting Fluorophores Directed by Molecular Motors and Aggregation‐Induced Emission: Produce Quantized Light Spectrum
Authors: Chettri Prerna , Singhania Anup , Kalita Sudeshna , Nakao Hidenobu , Bora Bharati , Saikia Ponkaj , Dutta Sanghamitra , Bandyopadhyay Anirban , Ghosh Subrata
Published: July 2024

Luminescent materials require systems that exhibit both dual‐state emission (DSE) and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) to overcome the limitation of aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ). Herein, a molecular assembler capable of crafting nanowires that exhibit programmable fluorescence across a broad spectrum of colors in a precisely quantized manner is reported. Because it is a starburst dendritic box made of PAMAM dendrimer (P), controller (C) molecules, and motor (M) molecules, the assembler is called PCM. Here, Nile red is chosen as C and placed into the hollow core of the dendrimer; a double ratchet motor (DRM) is chosen as M and is connected to the N‐terminals of the PAMAM dendrimer. While aqueous dispersed PCM assemblers have broad fluorescence bands beyond 300 nm, their crafted nanowires produce quantized cyan‐green, yellow, and orange‐red light emission in the spectra. These PCM assemblers are shown to hold long‐term memory, rapid switching, and energy harvesting by modulating photonic bandgaps, causing a longer redshift in the solid phase. The DSE of PCM can yield versatile photonics applications like bioimaging and energy harvesting. As PCM nanowires can modulate photonic bandgaps to cause a longer redshift, PCM fluorophores hold promise for drug delivery and cell separation like infrared‐sensitive operations.
Efficient Molecular Array Control and Vapochromic Behavior Changes by Positional Isomer‐Dependent Molecular Building Blocks
Authors: Kim Min‐Ji , Nam Gwiung , Ahn Mina , Lee Soyoon , Son Ho‐Jin , Wee Kyung‐Ryang
Published: July 2024

Structurally flexible organic porous molecular arrays are promising for the development of vapochromic materials with superior detection performance. Exploring the photophysical control of vapochromic materials using these molecular arrays is important for the design of new vapochromic materials. However, difficulties arise in the formation and control of organic porous molecular arrays owing to weak and less‐oriented noncovalent forces and their tendency to arrange into energetically preferred high‐density configurations. Herein, an efficient strategy is presented to control molecular arrays by manipulating the shapes of donor–acceptor–donor system‐based molecular building blocks using positional isomerism and report on the correlation between controlled molecular arrays and vapochromic behavior. Depending on their shape (Z‐shaped, quasi‐Z‐shaped, or linear shape), the building blocks formed different molecular arrays that controlled the intermolecular interactions and void volumes. This led to differences in the final microstructural morphologies. Consequently, they exhibited different vapochromic behaviors, and an in‐depth understanding of the correlation between the molecular arrays and vapochromism/vapofluorochromism is obtained.
Self‐Powered Broadband UV–NIR Photodetectors Based on InSe/PtS2 Van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Xu Zhengyu , Qin Qinggang , Ma Xiaofei , Chen Jiawang , Liu Xue , Chen Wei , Qiu Zhifan , Wu Lin , Gao Wenshuai , Li Liang
Published: July 2024

Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) consisting of 2D materials offer a practical and effective approach for engineering multifunctional, high‐performance photodetectors. However, 2D vdWHs photodetectors based on photoconductive effects require an external power input and are often accompanied by a large dark current, which hinders the development of miniaturization and portability of devices and greatly limits the application of devices in complex environments. Herein, a self‐powered photodetector constructed from an InSe/PtS2 vdWH with an extremely low dark current (≈10−14 A) at zero bias and a large rectification ratio of 5.1 × 103 is reported. Leveraging the robust built‐in electric field of the InSe/PtS2 vdWH, the device demonstrates pronounced photovoltaic effects, characterized by an open‐circuit voltage of 0.395 V and a substantial short‐circuit current of 37.1 nA. Remarkably, a high responsivity and detectivity of 211 mA W−1 and 8.58 × 1012 Jones, an excellent light on/off ratio of 0.8 × 107 , and a fast response time of 465/470 µs are achieved, at zero bias. The device showcases a broadband self‐powered photoresponse spanning from 265 to 1064 nm. This study demonstrates the high potential of the InSe/PtS2 vdWH for broadband self‐powered photodetector applications.
Structural Color Colloidal Photonic Crystals for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Hu Yangnan , Feng Pan , Li Zhe , Zhang Hui , Zhang Bin , Xu Dongyu , Qi Jieyu , Wang Huan , Xu Lei , Li Zhou , Xia Ming , Li Jilai , Chai Renjie , Tian Lei
Published: July 2024

Photonic crystals are a new class of optical microstructure materials characterized by a dielectric constant that varies periodically with space and features a photonic bandgap. Inspired by natural photonic crystals such as butterfly scales, a series of artificial photonic crystals are developed for use in integrated photonic platforms, biosensing, communication, and other fields. Among them, colloidal photonic crystals (CPCs) have gained widespread attention due to their excellent optical properties and advantages, such as ease of preparation and functionalization. This work reviews the classification and self‐assembly principles of CPCs, details some of the latest biomedical applications of large‐area, high‐quality CPCs prepared using advanced self‐assembly methods, summarizes the existing challenges in CPC construction and application, and anticipates future development directions and optimization strategy. With further advancements, CPCs are expected to play a more critical role in biosensors, drug delivery, cell research, and other fields, bringing significant benefits to biomedical research and clinical practice.
Insight into All‐Solid‐State Li–S Batteries: Challenges, Advances, and Engineering Design
Authors: Liang Fei , Wang Sizhe , Liang Qi , Zhong Ao , Yang Chao , Qian Ji , Song Haojie , Chen Renjie
Published: July 2024

The advancement of conventional lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) is hindered by the shuttle effect and corresponding safety issues. All‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) substitute the liquid electrolytes with solid‐state electrolytes (SEs) to completely isolate the cathode and anode, thereby effectively suppressing polysulfide migration and growth while significantly enhancing energy density and safety. However, the development of ASSLSBs is accompanied by several challenges such as the formation of Li dendrites, electrode degradation, poor interfacial wettability, and sluggish reaction kinetics, etc. This review systematically summarizes the recent advancements made in ASSLSBs. First, a comprehensive overview of the research conducted on advanced cathodes utilizing sulfur (S) and lithium sulfide (Li2S) is displayed. Subsequently, the SEs are classified and discussed that have been implemented in ASSLSBs. Furthermore, the issues of interfaces and anodes in ASSLSBs are analyzed. Finally, based on current laboratory advancements, rational design guidelines are proposed for each component of ASSLSBs while also presenting four practical recommendations for facilitating early commercialization.
Interfacial Bridging Enables High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells with Fill Factor Over 85%
Authors: Wang Yanyan , Wang Yaxin , Deng Liangliang , Li Xiaoguo , Zhang Xin , Wang Haoliang , Li Chongyuan , Shi Zejiao , Hu Tianxiang , Liu Kai , Barriguete Jesus , Guo Tonghui , Liu Yiting , Zhang Xiaolei , Hu Ziyang , Zhang Jia , Yu Anran , Zhan Yiqiang
Published: July 2024

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is approaching their Shockley‐Queisser (S‐Q) limit through numerous efforts in key parameters improvement. To further approaching the limit, it is important to facilitate the fill factor (FF), a parameter closely related to carrier transport and nonradiative recombination. Herein, an interfacial bridging strategy is proposed to improve FF, which utilizes functional graphene quantum dots at the tin oxide (SnO2)/perovskite buried interface. As a result, synergistic effects of enhanced conductivity of SnO2, preferable energy alignment at the buried interface and improved perovskite crystal orientation are realized. The champion FF reaches 85.24% in formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) based PSCs, which ranks among the highest in the n‐i‐p structure. Such strategy is also proven successful in other perovskite systems, where the champion PCE reaches 24.86% in the formamidinium‐cesium (FACs)‐based devices and 24.44% in the flexible devices. Therefore, this work provides a practical design rule for pursuing high FF of PSCs with carbon materials.
Challenges and Progress in Anode‐Electrolyte Interfaces for Rechargeable Divalent Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Liping , Riedel Sibylle , Zhao‐Karger Zhirong
Published: July 2024

Divalent metal batteries have attracted considerable attention in scientific exploration for sustainable energy storage solutions owing to the abundant reserves of magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca), the competitive low redox potentials of the Mg/Mg2+ (–2.37 V vs SHE) and Ca/Ca2+ (–2.87 V vs SHE) couples, as well as the high theoretical capacities of both metal anodes. However, the development of these batteries faces fundamental challenges stemming from the limited cycling stability and efficiency of Mg/Ca metal anodes. These issues primarily originate from the sluggish electrochemical redox kinetics of the divalent metals, particularly at the anode‐electrolyte interfaces. This comprehensive review provides an up‐to‐date overview of advancements in the field of the anode‐electrolyte interface for divalent metal batteries, covering aspects ranging from its formation, morphology, and composition to their influence on the reversible electrochemical deposition of divalent metals. Recent approaches aimed at enhancing the performance of metallic Mg and Ca anodes across various electrolytes are summarized and discussed, with the goal of providing insights for the development of new strategies in future research.
Role of social determinants of health on quality of life in pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ziltzer Ryan S. , Shetty Sameer , Coutinho Dominic , Chaiban Rafka , Makary Chadi A.
Published: July 2024

Key points

Social determinants of health link to worse quality of life in pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis.

The area deprivation index (ADI) may serve to predict health disparities in these patients.
Exploring Two‐Exciton Steerability and Nonlocality Dynamics in Two Open Microcavities Coupled by an Optical Fiber
Authors: Aldosari F. M. , Hashem M.
Published: July 2024

This work will explore the generations of quantum nonlocalities (as entanglement, Bellnonlocality, and steerability) for two quantum wells (excitons) in dissipative microcavities containing a linear optical medium. An optical fiber links the microcavities. The generated two‐exciton nonlocalities are explored by using Bell inequality, steering inequality, and entanglement of formation. For initial correlated and uncorrelated states, the ability of the excitation–photon–fiber interactions to produce new generation and robustness of the two‐exciton nonlocality is investigated under the effects of the couplings of the exciton–photon and fiber–photon interactions as well as of the dissipations and the optical susceptibility. It is found that increasing the optical susceptibility enhances the regularity and amplitudes, reduces the frequencies of two‐exciton nonlocality dynamics, and supports dissipation degradations. For the initial uncorrelated state, decreasing the difference between the exciton–photon and fiber–photon couplings enhances the generations of the nonlocalities. For the initial correlated state, increasing the exciton–photon and fiber–photon couplings enhances the nonlocality conservation. For open microcavites, increasing the exciton–photon and fiber–photon couplings and the difference between them supports the nonlocality degradations resulting from the external environment dissipations.
Numerical Derivation of Dual Vortex Beam Generation using Polarization‐Sensitive Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Jeong Heonyeong , Yang Younghwan , Rho Junsuk
Published: July 2024

Metasurfaces, composed of arranged nanoscale particles, manipulate electromagnetic waves for tailored physical properties. Recently vortex beams, carrying orbital angular momentum, have been generated through metasurfaces to realize diverse applications. Here, the study introduces a metasurface capable of generating dual‐mode vortex beams, which combines the functionalities of chiral metalenses and vortex beam generation. These dual‐mode vortex beams exhibit varying characteristics depending on the polarization state of the incident light, offering improved control over orbital angular momentum. This advancement holds promise for enhancing applications such as optical communication, optical tweezers, and imaging for overcoming diffraction limit. By employing titanium dioxide (TiO2) for its efficiency, the design concept is validated through simulations and discuss considerations for fabrication. The proposed approach paves the way for compact optical systems with heightened adaptability.
Multi‐Template‐Guided Synthesis of High‐Dimensional Molecular Assemblies for Humidity Gradient‐Based Power Generators
Authors: Li Bo , Duan Xiaozheng , Cui Yunzuo , Li Teng , Chen Xinyu , Liu Qianqian , Liu Xin , Meng Yuxi , Ren Weibo , Wang Liying , Liang Song , Zang Hong‐Ying
Published: July 2024

Systematically orchestrating fundamental building blocks into intricate high‐dimensional molecular assemblies at molecular level is imperative for multifunctionality integration. However, this remains a formidable task in crystal engineering due to the dynamic nature of inorganic building blocks. Herein, we develop a multi‐template‐guided strategy to control building blocks. The coordination modes of ligands and the spatial hindrance of anionic templates are pivotal in dictating the overall structures. Flexible multi‐dentate linkers selectively promote the formation of oligomeric assembly ([TeO3(Mo2O2S2)3O2(OH)(C5O2H7)3]4− {TeMo6}) into tetrahedral cages ([(TeO3)4(Mo2O2S2)12(OH)12(C9H9O4P)6]8− {Te4Mo24} and [(AsO4)4(Mo2O2S2)12(OH)12(C9H9O6)4]12− {As4Mo24}), while steric hindrance from anionic templates further assists in assembling cages into an open quadruply twisted Möbius nanobelt ([(C6H5O3P)8(Mo2O2S2)24(OH)24(C8H10O4)12]16− {P8Mo48}). Among these structures, the hydrophilic‐hydrophobic hybrid cage {Te4Mo24} emerges as an exemplary molecular model for proton conduction and serves as a prototype for humidity gradient‐based power generators (HGPGs). The Te4Mo24‐PVDF‐based HGPG (PVDF=Poly(vinylidene fluoride)) exhibits notable stability and power generation, yielding an open‐circuit voltage of 0.51 V and a current density of 77.8 nA cm−2 at room temperature and 90 % relative humidity (RH). Further insights into the interactions between water molecules and microscale molecules within the generator are achieved through molecular dynamics simulations. This endeavor unveils a universal strategy for synthesizing multifunctional integration molecules.
High‐Entropy Sulfide Catalyst Boosts Energy‐Saving Electrochemical Sulfion Upgrading to Thiosulfate Coupled with Hydrogen Production
Authors: Pei Yuhou , Li Di , Qiu Chuntian , Yan Liang , Li Zongmiao , Yu Zexin , Fang Wenzhang , Lu Yingying , Zhang Bing
Published: July 2024

Electrochemical sulfion oxidation reaction (SOR) offers a sustainable strategy for sulfion‐rich wastewater treatment, which can couple with cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for energy‐saving hydrogen production. However, the corrosion and passivation of sulfur species render the inferior catalytic SOR performance, and the oxidation product, polysulfide, requires further acidification to recover cheap elementary sulfur. Here, we reported an amorphous high‐entropy sulfide catalyst of CuCoNiMnCrSx nanosheets in situ growth on the nickel foam (CuCoNiMnCrSx/NF) for SOR, which achieved an ultra‐low potential of 0.25 V to afford 100 mA cm−2, and stable electrolysis at as high as 1 A cm−2 for 100 h. These were endowed by the manipulated chemical environments surrounding Cu+ sites and the constructed “soft‐acid” to “hard‐acid” adsorption/desorption sites, enabling synergistically boosted adsorption/desorption process of sulfur species during SOR. Moreover, we developed an electrochemical‐chemical tandem process to convert sulfions to value‐added thiosulfate, providing a good choice for simultaneous wastewater utilization and hydrogen production.
Controlling Protein Assembly with Superchaotropic Nano‐Ions
Authors: Chazapi Ioanna , Merhi Tania , Pasquier Coralie , Diat Olivier , Almunia Christine , Bauduin Pierre
Published: July 2024

In living systems, protein assemblies have essential functions, serving as structural supports, transport highways for molecular cargo, and containers of genetic material. The construction of protein assemblies, which involves control over space and time, remains a significant challenge in biotechnology. Here, we show that anionic boron clusters, 3,3′‐commo‐bis[closo‐1,2‐dicarba‐3‐cobaltadodecaborane] (COSAN−), and halogenated closo‐dodecarboranes (B12X122−, X=H, Cl, or I), described as super‐chaotropic nano‐ions, induce the formation of 2D assemblies of model proteins, myoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, and trypsin inhibitor. We found that the nano‐ion concentration reversibly controls the size of the protein assemblies. Furthermore, the secondary structures of the proteins are only slightly affected by assembly formation. For myoglobin, the formation of these assemblies even prevents temperature denaturation, highlighting a preservation effect of nano‐ions. Our study reveals that inorganic boron‐based nano‐ions act as a reversible molecular glue for proteins, providing a potential starting point for the further development of controlled protein assemblies.
Synthesis of Hexabenzocoronene‐Cored Graphdiyne Nanosheets through Dehydrogenative Coupling on Au(111) Surface
Authors: Wang Lina , Han Yi , Xie Miao , Li Xuechao , Chen Qiang , Tang Yanning , Liu Ye , Ge Haitao , Li Hailong , Cai Liangshuhan , Meerholz Klaus , Zhang Haiming , Müllen Klaus , Chi Lifeng
Published: July 2024

Thermally‐induced dehydrogenative coupling of polyphenylenes on metal surfaces is an important technique to synthesize
‐conjugated carbon nanostructures with atomic precision. However, this protocol has rarely been utilized to fabricate structurally defined carbon nanosheets composed of sp‐ and sp2‐hybridized carbon atoms. Here, we present the synthesis of butadiyne‐linked hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) on Au(111) surfaces as core‐expanded graphdiynes. The reaction started from hexa(4‐ethylphenyl)benzene, which undergoes dehydrogenation toward hexa(4‐vinylphenyl)benzene, followed by planarization to hexabenzocoronene, coupling between the vinyl groups, and further dehydrogenation. In addition to butadiyne linkages, benzene groups were also found as another type of linker. The reaction sequences were monitored by scanning tunneling microscopy and bond‐resolved non‐contact atomic force microscopy, which disclose the structures of intermediates and final products. In combination with density functional theory simulations, the key steps from ethyl substituents to butadiyne and benzene linkers were elucidated. This is a new on‐surface synthesis of core‐expanded graphdiynes with unprecedented electronic properties.
Visual and auditory attention in individuals with DYRK1A and SCN2A disruptive variants
Authors: Hudac Caitlin M. , Dommer Kelsey , Mahony Monique , DesChamps Trent D. , Cairney Brianna , Earl Rachel , Kurtz‐Nelson Evangeline C. , Bradshaw Jessica , Bernier Raphael A. , Eichler Evan E. , Neuhaus Emily , Webb Sara Jane , Shic Frederick
Published: July 2024

This preliminary study sought to assess biomarkers of attention using electroencephalography (EEG) and eye tracking in two ultra‐rare monogenic populations associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Relative to idiopathic ASD (n = 12) and neurotypical comparison (n = 49) groups, divergent attention profiles were observed for the monogenic groups, such that individuals with DYRK1A (n = 9) exhibited diminished auditory attention condition differences during an oddball EEG paradigm whereas individuals with SCN2A (n = 5) exhibited diminished visual attention condition differences noted by eye gaze tracking when viewing social interactions. Findings provide initial support for alignment of auditory and visual attention markers in idiopathic ASD and neurotypical development but not monogenic groups. These results support ongoing efforts to develop translational ASD biomarkers within the attention domain.
Impact of Lithium Sources on Growth Process and Structural Stability of Single‐Crystalline Li‐Rich Layered Cathodes
Authors: Ai Jing , Zhao Xiaowen , Cao Xin , Xu Lin , Wu Ping , Zhou Yiming , He Ping , Tang Yawen , Zhou Haoshen
Published: July 2024

Single‐crystalline (SC) Li‐rich layered oxides have garnered significant attention due to their inhibited lattice oxygen release and reduced crack formation compared with polycrystalline (PC) counterparts. However, it raises a crucial question regarding the selection of prevailing lithium sources‐Li2CO3 and LiOH⋅H2O‐for the solid‐state synthesis of SC cathodes, which critically impacts the technical route and future development of SC materials. Herein, a series of SC Li‐rich layered cathodes were synthesized using these two lithium sources. The SC materials prepared with LiOH⋅H2O (LRO‐H) exhibited larger grain sizes compared with those using Li2CO3 (LRO‐C). This can be attributed to the lower phase transition temperature of the precursor to spinel phase, which promotes further SC growth during solid‐state reactions. Furthermore, LRO‐H demonstrated excellent electrochemical stability, whereas LRO‐C exhibited superior initial capacities. To balance these attributes, a mixed lithium sources system (LRO‐M) was proposed, showing superior Li+ diffusion kinetics and suppressed layered‐to‐spinel transformation, resulting in excellent rate performance and an extended battery lifespan. Altogether, these findings provide critical insights into the impact of lithium sources on the growth process, structural stability, and electrochemical properties of SC Li‐rich layered cathodes, guiding the synthesis and design of next‐generation cathode materials.