bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Implant Position in Implant‐Assisted Removable Partial Denture: A Three‐Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Ortiz‐Puigpelat Octavi , Lázaro‐Abdulkarim Aida , de Medrano‐Reñé Javier‐María , Gargallo‐Albiol Jordi , Cabratosa‐Termes Josep , Hernández‐Alfaro Federico
Published: December 2017

Purpose

To determine the ideal position of a dental implant to assist a posterior extended partial removable dental prosthesis (PRDP), through stress values, displacement values, and deformation of periodontal ligament (PDL).

Materials and Methods

A finite element analysis of different implant positions was analyzed using a 3D mandible model from a human patient. Test models were created: model A (implant in second molar area), model B (implant in the first molar area), and model C (implant in premolar area). A control model without implant support was also created. Overall displacement values, von Mises stress distribution maps, and nonlinear deformations were evaluated.

Results

Some differences could be observed between test models. The introduction of an implant in the edentulous area, unlike a conventional removable partial denture without implant support, decreases stress values in the biological structures such as: mandible, tooth, soft tissue, and PDL. Placing the implant in the first molar area resulted in improved displacement values, and reduced maximum stress values at the peri‐implant bone area, metal structure, and implant were observed.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study we can conclude that placing the implant in the position of the first molar improves biomechanical behavior of implant‐assisted PRDPs.
Bringing the (disabled) body to personality psychology: A case study of Samantha
Authors: Adler Jonathan M.
Published: December 2017

Objective

Personality psychology has largely ignored the experiences of people with disabilities. This article strives to bring the thriving, interdisciplinary field of disability studies to personality psychology via a case study of Samantha (N = 1). Samantha feels that she grew up as a hearing person who could not hear and is now a deaf person who can hear.

Method

Narrative identity provides the theoretical, methodological, and analytical framework for the rich, qualitative examination of Samantha's life story, interwoven with approaches from disability studies and intersectionality theory. Two Life Story Interviews (McAdams, 2008), conducted 2 weeks prior to Samantha's cochlear implant surgery and again 7 weeks after the surgery, provide the foundation for this case study and are interpreted alongside additional self‐report measures. Grounded theory methods were used to interpret Samantha's narrative identity.

Results

Samantha's story demonstrates the ways in which narrative identity can serve as a foundation for meaning and psychological well‐being, as well as a demonstration of the ways in which the study of identity can be enriched by perspectives from disability studies.

Conclusions

As an initial effort at integrating personality psychology and disability studies, this article sought to approach this task by privileging ethical representation over generalizability.
Depressive personality vulnerability in chronic physical pain: Centrality of sociotropy
Authors: Shahar Golan , Lerman Sheera F. , Topaz Maayan , Brill Silviu , Shalev Hadar , Rudich Zvia
Published: December 2017

Objective

Chronic physical pain is one of modern medicine's principal challenges. Recently, there has been a keen research interest in the role of depressive personality vulnerability (DPV) in the course of chronic pain. This is the first attempt to examine the role of three leading DPV dimensions—sociotropy, autonomy, and self‐criticism—in chronic pain.

Method

Chronic pain patients (N = 428) were assessed four times as to their pain, disability, anxious depression, and pain‐based catastrophizing. At Time 1, sociotropy, autonomy, and self‐criticism were also assessed. The effects of sociotropy, autonomy, and self‐criticism on pain, disability, anxious depression, and pain‐based catastrophizing were examined using structural equation modeling analyses.

Results

All DPV dimensions uniquely predicted Time 1, but not Time 2, anxious depression. Sociotropy predicted Time 1 pain and catastrophizing over and above anxious depression, as well as an increase in catastrophizing over time. Autonomy predicted a decrease in catastrophizing and disability, and Time 1 anxious depression predicted an increase in self‐criticism.

Conclusions

Sociotropy appears to be a unique dimension of DPV in chronic pain.
Benefits of emotional integration and costs of emotional distancing
Authors: Roth Guy , Shahar Bat‐Hen , Zohar‐Shefer Yael , Benita Moti , Moed Anat , Bibi Uri , Kanat‐Maymon Yaniv , Ryan Richard M.
Published: December 2017

Objective

Three studies explored the consequences of the self‐determination theory conception of integrative emotion regulation (IER; Ryan & Deci, 2017), which involves an interested stance toward emotions. Emotional, physiological, and cognitive consequences of IER were compared to the consequences of emotional distancing (ED), in relation to a fear‐eliciting film.

Method

In Study 1, we manipulated emotion regulation by prompting students' (N = 90) IER and ED and also included a control group. Then we tested groups' defensive versus nondefensive emotional processing, coded from post‐film written texts. Study 2 (N = 90) and Study 3 (N = 135) used the same emotion regulation manipulations but exposed participants to the fear‐eliciting film twice, 72 hr apart, to examine each style's protection from adverse emotional, physiological, and cognitive costs at second exposure.

Results

Participants who had been prompted to practice IER were expected to benefit more than participants in the ED and control groups at second exposure, as manifested in lower arousal and better cognitive capacity. Overall, results supported our hypotheses.

Conclusions

The current studies provide some support for the assumption that in comparison to ED, taking interest in and accepting one's negative emotions are linked with less defensive processing of negative experiences and with better functioning.
REGIONAL 3D MODELLING OF THE PERMO‐CARBONIFEROUS AL KHLATA FORMATION IN THE RIMA AREA, EASTERN FLANK OF THE SOUTH OMAN SALT BASIN
Authors: Al‐Abri F. G. , Heward A. P. , Abbasi I. A.
Published: December 2017

The glaciogenic Al Khlata Formation (Late Carboniferous – Early Permian) contains important reservoir and seal intervals in oil fields in southern Oman. Here we describe a 3D regional geological model of the Al Khlata Formation and the underlying Misfar Group in a 1750 km2 area in the Eastern Flank of the South Oman Salt Basin. The Misfar Group (Devonian‐Carboniferous?) was included in the model because it also contains glaciogenic facies in the study area. The 3D model is based on wireline logs from 42 wells, palynological zonation in 31 wells, cores from three wells, and a 2011 3D seismic dataset from which three horizons (top‐Huqf, top‐Rahab Shale and top‐Gharif) were interpreted throughout the study area.

The combined Al Khlata and Misfar interval varies in thickness in the area from 20 to 730 m over relatively short distances. These large variations in thickness were due to the creation of accommodation in mini‐basins resulting from the removal of underlying Infracambrian salt at the basin margin. In places, some of the available accommodation was occupied by Cambrian sandstones of the Nimr Group and Haima Supergroup, influencing the location and thickness of the Al Khlata mini‐basins. These local depocentres vary in scale, shape and orientation relative to the present‐day salt edge: some are ovoid in plan‐view, others more linear and parallel to the salt edge, and one takes the form of a narrow graben almost perpendicular to the salt edge. By the Early Permian, towards the end of Al Khlata time, deposits become more blanket‐like and uniform, indicating an external or more regional control on base level.

Four key lithofacies have been distinguished from wireline logs and were populated zone‐by‐zone through the geological model: sandstone (reservoir), shale (seal), and sandy and silty diamictite. Sandstones are most common towards the base of the Misfar – Al Khlata interval and shales towards the top. The Rahab Shale (Early Permian) at the top of the Al Khlata Formation forms an important seal for oil fields in South Oman, often in combination with seals in overlying intervals. The Rahab Shale was the first widespread seal to be deposited which may have trapped oil migrating from the South Oman Salt Basin during the Palaeozoic.

The most common lithofacies in the Misfar – Al Khlata interval in the modelled area is diamictite (60%), which is normally considered to be a waste‐rock lithology. However thick silty diamictites of sufficient extent can seal hydrocarbon accumulations, and some sandy diamictites have the potential to be unconventional reservoir rocks.

Even after 50 years of exploration and production of oil from the Al Khlata Formation, there remains potential for further discoveries and overlooked pay zones due to its heterogeneous character and the occurrence of intra‐formational seals.
PRESENCE OF NATURAL GAS IN BASINAL FACIES OF THE ZECHSTEIN LIMESTONE IN A COPPER MINE IN SW POLAND
Authors: Poszytek A. , Dudek L. , Rożek R.
Published: December 2017

Zechstein (Upper Permian) dolomitic grainstones saturated with high pressure natural gas (including N2, CH4 and CO2) are present in the roof of workings in the Rudna copper mine in SW Poland. Natural gas commonly occurs in Zechstein reefal carbonates but this is the first occurrence of gas in basinal facies of the Zechstein Limestone in Poland. The reservoir dolomites are thin (ca. 1m), with porosity of 2–15% and permeability of less than a few mD. Pore size and pore distribution was analysed using microscope observations, X‐ray computed microtomography, mercury porosimetry and argon adsorption to investigate the dolomitic reservoir interval. The dolomites have variable reservoir properties, and stratigraphic traps with dimensions of several metres are present where high poro‐perm dolo‐grainstones are sealed by tighter dolomites. Geochemical data indicate that the methane and carbon dioxide present are derived from source rock intervals in the Kupferschiefer (Late Permian) and the Zechstein Limestone. The high content of nitrogen in the gas may be related to the thermal decomposition of Carboniferous organic matter. However, a biogenic origin for the nitrogen is also possible.
BURIAL AND THERMAL HISTORY MODELLING OF THE EDIACARAN SUCCESSION IN WESTERN AND SW UKRAINE AND MOLDOVA
Authors: Radkovets N. , Kosakowski P. , Rauball J. , Zakrzewski A.
Published: December 2017

The Ediacaran (Upper Neoproterozoic) succession in west and SW Ukraine and Moldova rests on a Cryogenian succession or basement. The succession is exposed at the surface along the southern margin of the Ukrainian Shield and dips to the SW towards the Carpathian Overthrust; where burial depths are sufficient, it is mature for oil and gas generation. The Ediacaran succession is made up of terrigenous siliciclastics ranging from conglomerates and sandstones to siltstones and mudstones, and includes a shale interval (the Kalus Beds) which may have source rock potential. Organic matter in the Kalus shales includes Vendotenides sp. (colonial bacteria) together with amorphous OM. This paper presents a study of the Kalus Beds and is based on data from surface and core samples and thin sections, and the results of Rock‐Eval pyrolysis and reflectance analyses. TOC contents in the Kalus shales are in general <0.5 wt%, although the measured TOC was 0.89 wt% and 0.84 wt%, respectively, in samples from the Sokal‐1 borehole and the Mynkivtsi outcrop location in SW Ukraine. The low present‐day TOC in borehole samples may be due to the thermal transformation of the OM originally present. Reflectivity as measured on vitrinite‐like macerals and bitumen in samples from outcrops ranges from 0.63 to 1.28% VRoeq indicating a relatively low level of thermal maturity. However, the generally low TOC values in the outcrop samples mean that the Kalus Beds in general have little hydrocarbon potential in the study area.

The burial and thermal history of the Ediacaran succession in SW Ukraine and the Moldovian Platform was reconstructed, and 1D modelling was carried out at the Brody‐1, Chernivtsi‐1, Dobrotvir‐1, Kolynkiv‐1, Litovyzh‐1, Ludyn‐1, Lyman‐1, Peremyshlyany‐1, Sokal‐1 and Voyutyn‐1 boreholes. The results of modelling indicate that maturities equivalent to the onset of the oil window were reached from the Early Devonian through the Early Carboniferous. Slightly higher modelled maturities occurred in boreholes located near the Teisseyre‐Tornquist Zone. The modelled transformation ratio for kerogen in the Kalus Beds is high and may exceed 90% in the boreholes studied.
Liver zonation in children with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Associations with dietary fructose and uric acid concentrations
Authors: Nobili Valerio , Mosca Antonella , De Vito Rita , Raponi Massimiliano , Scorletti Eleonora , Byrne Christopher D.
Published: December 2017

Background & Aims

As dietary components are delivered directly to the periportal zone of the liver lobule, there is the potential for greater injury in this zone (zone 1) compared to the perivenous zone (zone 3). We investigated the associations between dietary fructose consumption and uric acid concentrations and differential zonal injury in periportal and perivenous zones.

Methods

A total of 271 children's histological images were scored in 5 periportal and 5 perivenous zones for steatosis, ballooning, inflammation and fibrosis severity. Dietary fructose consumption (g/d) was assessed and uric acid measured in serum. Logistic regression was undertaken to test associations between both high fructose consumption and hyperuricaemia, and histological disease in periportal and perivenous zones.

Results

Children with a mean age of 12.5 years were included in the study. Inflammation (mean ± SD) was increased in the periportal vs perivenous zones (0.78 ± 0.43 vs 0.41 ± 0.48,P = .041). There were non‐significant trends towards greater steatosis, ballooning and fibrosis in the periportal zone. In the fully adjusted models, high fructose intake was associated with disease in both zones. Example for periportal and perivenous zones, respectively, steatosis 1.56 (1.12, 2.49) and 1.21 (1.09, 2.73); inflammation 4.29 (2.31, 5.88) and 3.69 (2.14, 4.56); and fibrosis 2.72 (1.43, 3.76) and 1.96 (1.24, 2.37). Hyperuricaemia (uric acid ≥5.9 mg/dL) was associated with inflammation in the periportal zone 1.71 (1.17, 2.35); and was associated with steatosis and fibrosis in both zones; for example, for periportal and perivenous zones, respectively, steatosis 2.98 (1.65, 3.23) and 1.14 (1.05, 1.99); and fibrosis, 2.65 (1.35, 2.99) and 1.31 (1.13, 2.17).

Conclusions

High fructose consumption is associated with disease severity in both lobular zones and hyperuricaemia may be associated with more severe disease in the periportal zone.
Drug‐induced acute liver failure in children and adults: Results of a single‐centre study of 128 patients
Authors: Devarbhavi Harshad , Patil Mallikarjun , Reddy Vishnu V. , Singh Rajvir , Joseph Tarun , Ganga Deepak
Published: December 2017

Background & Aims

Drugs producing acute liver failure (ALF) are uncommon and vary geographically. Here we review the implicated drugs, clinical features, laboratory characteristics and outcome of patients with drug‐induced ALF (DIALF). We analysed the predictors of mortality and their relationship with MELD, King's College criteria (KCC) and ALFSG prognostic index.

Methods

We identified DIALF patients from our drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) registry (1997‐2017). RUCAM was used for case adjudication. Patients who fulfilled criteria for acute liver failure and drug‐induced liver injury were included. Primary outcome measure was spontaneous survival or death.

Results

There were 128 cases of DIALF (14%) among 905 patients with DILI. Mean age was 38 years, 68 (53%) female and 21(16.4%) children <18 years. Combination anti‐TB drugs (ATD) (n = 92, 72.4%) accounted for a majority of DIALF. Others were anti‐epileptic drugs (AED, n = 11, 10%), dapsone (n = 7, 5.5%), hormones (n = 2), ferrous sulphate overdose (n = 2), acetaminophen (APAP) (n = 2), antiretroviral (n = 2), CAM (N = 2), chemotherapy agents (N = 3), amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid (n = 2) and others (n = 3). Forty‐four patients (34%) recovered spontaneously and 84(66%) including 13 children (62%) died. Females, ascites, albumin, bilirubin, INR and MELD were significantly associated with mortality. Mortality was 79% for ATD and 100% for APAP and iron overdose. Area under ROC was 0.76 for MELD and ALFSG index and 0.51 for KCC.

Conclusions

Fourteen percent of DILI resulted in DIALF. ATD, AED, dapsone and antiretroviral drugs are most common agents. Spontaneous survival was only 34% with an even higher mortality with ATD. Non‐ATD and non‐APAP drugs had a better survival (51%).INR and MELD predicted mortality.
Non‐obese fatty liver disease is associated with lacunar infarct
Authors: Kwak Min‐Sun , Kim Kyung Won , Seo Hyobin , Chung Goh‐Eun , Yim Jeong Yoon , Kim Donghee
Published: December 2017

Background/Aims

Lacunar infarct, a small subcortical ischaemic lesion, is a known risk factor for future cognitive impairment, dementia and stroke. We evaluated the relationship between fatty liver disease (FLD) and lacunar infarct in a healthy general population.

Methods

Subjects who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and abdominal ultrasonography (US) during health check‐ups from 2007 to 2009 were included. FLD was diagnosed by US. Subjects with a history of cerebrovascular disease, radiological findings consistent with cerebrovascular stenosis or cerebral small vessel disease were excluded.

Results

Of the 1277 subjects, 54 (4.2%) exhibited lacunar infarct, and 514 (40.3%) had FLD. Subjects with lacunar infarct had a higher prevalence of FLD (59.3% vs 39.4%, P = .004). There was significant interaction between obesity (BMI < 25 kg/m2 vs ≥ 25 kg/m2) and FLD for lacunar infarct (P for interaction = .024). Subgroup analysis revealed that non‐obese FLD was more common in the subjects with lacunar infarct than those without (51.7% vs 23.5%, P = .001). However, there was no significant difference in the obese FLD prevalence between these 2 groups. In multivariate models adjusted by age, sex, smoking, alcohol, hypertension and diabetes, FLD was significantly associated with lacunar infarct (odds ratio [OR] 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08‐3.58; P = .027). Non‐obese FLD was associated with lacunar infarct (OR 3.58; 95% CI 1.63‐7.89; P = .002); however, this association remained insignificant in obese FLD. Instead, ageing and hypertension were independent risk factors for lacunar infarct in the obese population.

Conclusions

FLD is significantly associated with lacunar infarct, independent of traditional risk factors. This association was prominent in the non‐obese population.
Localized versus regional adaptation in limpet shell morphology across the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Hines Hunter N. , Morriss Hannah , Saunders Karen , Williams Rachel L. , Young Sarah L. , Stafford Richard
Published: December 2017

The climate‐envelope approach to predicting climate‐induced species range shift is limited. There are many possible reasons for this, but one novel explanation is that species adapt to changes in temperature at the expense of adaptation to other stressors. Here we test this hypothesis using the limpet Patella depressa (Mollusca, Patellidae), over a large geographical area covering most of the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, known to consist of a genetically inter‐connected population. We examine limpet shell morphology on four shores in each of three regions, from Northern Spain to Southern Portugal. Within each region, shell morphology (measured as maximum shell profile to length ratio) varied between shore types differing in their insolation, wave action, microhabitat availability and biological factors. However, this ratio, which is known to be an adaptive response to heat stress, was found to be consistently higher in more southern latitudes despite differences between shore types being found in all regions. This implies that localized adaptation to shore type (most likely through phenotypic plasticity) is compromised by factors that change over latitudinal or regional scales, or which could occur in response to climate change. Although such climate‐induced changes may initially be localized, compromised adaptation (through phenotypic or genetic plasticity) may result in altered community interactions and potentially large shifts in community structure.
The incidence and outcomes of delayed response to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Li Kebei , Qian Zhiyong , Hou Xiaofeng , Wang Yao , Qiu Yuanhao , Sheng Yufeng , Qian Xuesong , Zhou Yong , Zou Jiangang
Published: December 2017

Background

The incidence and clinical outcomes of delayed response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) have not been well clarified. We aimed to observe the incidence and prognosis of delayed response and to identify its possible mechanisms.

Methods

A total of 115 CRT patients were retrospectively analyzed in our study. Patients who met the enrollment criteria were divided into two groups: group A, conventional responders who showed response at 1‐year follow‐up, and group B, delayed responders who showed response after 1‐year follow‐up. CRT response was defined as an absolute increase of ≥10% in left ventricular ejection fraction.

Results

Fifty‐two patients (61 ± 12 years, 37 male) experienced conventional response to CRT and 17 patients (63 ± 11 years, 10 male) experienced delayed response. The mean follow‐up time was 5.2 ± 2.4 years. The incidence of delayed response was 14.8% (17/115). All‐cause mortality and hospitalization rates for heart failure were similar for delayed and conventional responders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that scar burden > 35% was an independent predictor of CRT delayed response (odds ratio 8.794, P  =  0.038).

Conclusions

A significant proportion of patients demonstrated delayed response to CRT. The delayed responders had a good prognosis that was similar to that of conventional responders. More scar burden might be related to the incidence of delayed response.
Multipoint pacing improves peripheral hemodynamic response: Noninvasive assessment using radial artery tonometry
Authors: Ciconte Giuseppe , Ćalović Žarko , Vicedomini Gabriele , Cuko Amarild , McSpadden Luke C. , Jiang Chunlan , Ryu Kyungmoo , Caporaso Igor , Stutz Robert , Winter Dean , Saviano Massimo , Vitale Raffaele , Conti Manuel , Santinelli Vincenzo , Pappone Carlo
Published: December 2017

Background

Multipoint left ventricular (LV) pacing (MultiPoint™ Pacing [MPP], Abbott, Sylmar, CA, USA) improves the response rate to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We evaluated the feasibility of noninvasive radial artery tonometry (RAT) to characterize arterial pressure morphology changes (pre‐ejection period [PEP] and ejection duration [ED]) between conventional CRT and MPP pacing interventions.

Methods

Patients with a MPP‐enabled CRT device (Quadra Assura MP™, Abbott) underwent noninvasive RAT assessment (SphygmoCor CVMS, AtCor Medical Inc., Itasca, IL, USA) at 3–6 months after implantation. A pacing protocol was performed in a randomized order including one optimized conventional biventricular CRT (CONV) configuration using the distal electrode and five MPP configurations. The PEP, ED, and PEP/ED ratio were determined for each intervention from the RAT pressure waveform and electrocardiogram.

Results

Pressure waveforms were successfully recorded in 19 patients (89% male, QRS 147 ± 16 ms, 63% ischemic). In 17/19 (89%) patients, at least one MPP intervention resulted in improved PEP, ED, and PEP/ED compared to CONV. The MPP intervention with greatest separation of LV cathodes and minimum intra‐LV delay significantly improved PEP (mean PEP –15 ± 33% vs –8 ± 32% [CONV], P = 0.04) and ED (mean ED +8 ± 8% [MPP] vs +4 ± 7% [CONV], P = 0.02), and PEP/ED (–0.07 ± 0.14 [MPP] vs –0.04 ± 0.13 [CONV], P = 0.02) compared with CONV.

Conclusions

Noninvasive RAT efficiently characterizes changes in PEP and ED between CONV and MPP interventions. MPP configurations using the widest separation among LV cathodes and minimum intra‐LV delay may significantly improve RAT‐derived parameters as compared to conventional CRT.
Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy after inferior myocardial infarction on secondary mitral regurgitation and mitral valve geometry
Authors: Mihos Christos G. , Yucel Evin , Capoulade Romain , Orencole Mary P. , Upadhyay Gaurav A. , Santana Orlando , Singh Jagmeet P. , Picard Michael H.
Published: December 2017

Background

The effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on secondary mitral regurgitation (MR), and mitral valve (MV) and left ventricular (LV) geometry, in patients with prior inferior myocardial infarction is not clearly defined. We assessed these outcomes utilizing two‐dimensional echocardiography, and analyzed echocardiographic geometric variables that may correlate with follow‐up MR severity.

Methods

Between 2009 and 2012, 229 CRT were implanted. Twenty‐two had prior inferior myocardial infarction, ≥mild MR at baseline, and serial echocardiography. A left bundle branch block was present in 12 (54.5%) patients. The pre‐CRT and follow‐up echocardiograms were analyzed for: (1) MR severity; (2) MV and LV geometry; and (3) LV remodeling.

Results

The median follow‐up time was 2.2 years (interquartile range, 0.7–4). In 16 patients without an inferior myocardial scar, there was a reduction in MR jet area/left atrial area ratio (33.2% vs 25.8%; P = 0.06) and MR grade (2.3 vs 1.8; P = 0.05), and an increased LV ejection fraction (26.1% vs 30.9%; P = 0.04) and end‐systolic posterior ventricular sulcus‐anterolateral papillary muscle angle (133.9 vs 143.9 degrees; P = 0.01). In six patients with scar, there was no change in LV or MR parameters. Regression analysis revealed linear associations between baseline MV tenting height (r = 0.57; P = 0.006), LV end‐diastolic diameter index (r = 0.5; P = 0.02), mitral septolateral annular diameter (r = 0.48; P = 0.03), and MV tenting area (r = 0.46; P = 0.03), with follow‐up MR jet area/left atrial area ratio.

Conclusions

In patients with prior inferior myocardial infarction and no scar, CRT is associated with decreased MR severity, and improved papillary muscle alignment and LV systolic function at follow‐up.
Exploratory study of imagery rescripting without focusing on early traumatic memories for major depressive disorder
Authors: Yamada Fuminori , Hiramatsu Yoichi , Murata Tomokazu , Seki Yoichi , Yokoo Mizue , Noguchi Remi , Shibuya Takayuki , Tanaka Mari , Takanashi Rieko , Shimizu Eiji
Published: December 2017

Background

Mental imagery has a more powerful impact on our emotions than thinking in words about the same material. Treating intrusive images with imagery rescripting (IR) has been reported for various disorders, including post‐traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, and bipolar disorder. There has been less research about IR as a major depressive disorder (MDD).

Aims

We examined whether IR without focusing on early traumatic memories is effective in MDD.

Methods

We enrolled 19 participants with MDD, who received 15 weekly sessions of full CBT, including two sessions for IR of intrusive images and, separately, for memory rescripting. Before and after the IR intervention, participants were asked to rate the intrusive images they experienced against, an intrusion index that included difficulty (interference with daily life), uncontrollability, distress caused by the negative image, and vividness. We recorded the contents of each participant's negative and positive imagery to classify these.

Results

The intrusion index scores decreased after the IR sessions. Negative images experienced by the participants while in a depressive mood were categorized into three different types: blame, social exclusion, and loneliness. The rescripted positive images were categorized into good relations and worthy self (competent self).

Conclusions

These results suggest that IR of intrusive images without focusing on early traumatic memories may usefully be incorporated into routine CBT sessions for MDD.
International trade in branded and generic products
Authors: Choi Yoonho , Choi E. Kwan
Published: December 2017

This paper investigates international competition between an innovating firm in a developed economy and generic producers in developing countries. Initially, the innovating firm in a developed country exports the branded product to a developing country. Once a patent expires or when the government grants a licence to local firms to produce generic equivalents, the innovating firm is forced to compete with generic producers. Under certain conditions, entry of generic firms reduces the price of the branded product and a generic competition paradox does not occur. There are two possible long‐run equilibrium solutions. In one scenario, the innovating firm which exports the branded product and the local generic producers may coexist in the developing country. In the other scenario, the brand producer exits and a trade reversal may occur, that is, the developing country may even export the generic products to the developed economy.
A qualitative study of the experience of lower extremity wounds and amputations among people with diabetes in Philadelphia
Authors: Barg Frances K. , Cronholm Peter F. , Easley Ebony E. , Davis Trocon , Hampton Michelle , Malay D. Scot , Donohue Cornelius , Song Jinsup , Thom Stephen R. , Margolis David J.
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore perceptions among people with type 2 diabetes about foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations. This was a qualitative observational study utilizing open‐ended, semistructured interviews of 39 people with diabetes who were purposively selected because they had either a foot ulcer (n = 19) or a lower extremity amputation (n = 20). Interviews were audio‐recorded, deidentified, and entered into NVivo 10.0 for coding and analysis. Our integrated analytic approach combined inductively and deductively derived codes that were applied to all transcripts. Coded data were summarized and examined for patterns. Participants' description of the relationship between diabetes and their foot ulcer or amputation revealed a limited understanding of the disease process. Disruption and loss of independence was expressed whether the person had a foot ulcer or an amputation. Treatment recommendations for foot ulcers were viewed by most as extremely difficult. Amputation was a feared outcome, but some learned to adapt and, at times felt that the amputation enhanced their quality of life. Clinicians have assumed that a focus on limb salvage is preferred over a major amputation. However, because of the complexity of care requiring frequent healthcare provider visits, the frequency of care failure, the frequency of recurrence, and mortality associated with having had a foot ulcer, it may be more appropriate for clinicians to prioritize quality‐of‐life salvage. Foot ulcer treatment failure may be due to a lack of providers' understanding of the impact of treatment on a patient's life.
Diverse inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms shape temporal tuning in transient OFF α ganglion cells in the rabbit retina
Authors: Murphy‐Baum Benjamin L. , Taylor W. Rowland
Published: December 2017

Key points

Neurons combine excitatory and inhibitory signals to perform computations. In the retina, interactions between excitation and inhibition enable neurons to detect specific visual features.

We describe how several excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms work together to allow transient OFF α ganglion cells in the rabbit retina to respond selectively to high temporal frequencies and thus detect faster image motion.

The weightings of these different mechanisms change with the contrast and spatiotemporal properties of the visual input, and thereby support temporal tuning in α cells over a range of visual conditions.

The results help us understand how ganglion cells selectively integrate excitatory and inhibitory signals to extract specific information from the visual input.

The 20 to 30 types of ganglion cell in the mammalian retina represent parallel signalling pathways that convey different information to the brain. α ganglion cells are selective for high temporal frequencies in visual inputs, which makes them particularly sensitive to rapid motion. Although α ganglion cells have been studied in several species, the synaptic basis for their selective temporal tuning remains unclear. Here, we analyse excitatory synaptic inputs to transient OFF α ganglion cells (t‐OFF α GCs) in the rabbit retina. We show that convergence of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs within the bipolar cell terminals presynaptic to the t‐OFF α GCs shifts the temporal tuning to higher temporal frequencies. GABAergic inhibition suppresses the excitatory input at low frequencies, but potentiates it at high frequencies. Crossover glycinergic inhibition and sodium channel activity in the presynaptic bipolar cells also potentiate high frequency excitatory inputs. We found differences in the spatial and temporal properties, and contrast sensitivities of these mechanisms. These differences in stimulus selectivity allow these mechanisms to generate bandpass temporal tuning of t‐OFF α GCs over a range of visual conditions.
Turbine Blade Leading Edge Cooling With One Row of Normal or Tangential Impinging Jets
Authors: Wang Nian , Chen Andrew F. , Zhang Mingjie , Han Je-Chin
Published: December 2017

Jet impingement cooling has been extensively used in the leading edge region of a gas turbine blade. This study focuses on the effect of jet impinging position on leading edge heat transfer. The test model is composed of a semicylindrical target plate, side exit slots, and an impingement jet plate. A row of cylindrical injection holes is located along the axis (normal jet) or the edge (tangential jet) of the semicylinder, on the jet plate. The jet-to-target-plate distance to jet diameter ratio (z/d) is 5 and the ratio of jet-to-jet spacing to jet diameter (s/d) is 4. The jet Reynolds number is varied from 10,000 to 30,000. Detailed impingement heat transfer coefficient distributions were experimentally measured by using the transient liquid crystal (TLC) technique. To understand the thermal flow physics, numerical simulations were performed using Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) with two turbulence models: realizable k–ε (RKE) and shear stress transport k–ω model (SST). Comparisons between the experimental and the numerical results are presented. The results indicate that the local Nusselt numbers on the test surface increase with the increasing jet Reynolds number. The tangential jets provide more uniform heat transfer distributions as compared with the normal jets. For the normal jet impingement and the tangential jet impingement, the RKE model provides better prediction than the SST model. The results can be useful for selecting a jet impinging position in order to provide the proper cooling distribution inside a turbine blade leading edge region.
Effect of Foil Geometry on the Static Performance of Thrust Foil Bearings
Authors: Fu Gen , Untaroiu Alexandrina , Swanson Erik
Published: December 2017

Gas foil bearings can operate in extreme conditions such as high temperature and high rotating speed, compared to traditional bearings. They also provide better damping and stability characteristics and have larger tolerance to debris and rotor misalignment. Gas foil bearings have been successfully applied to micro- and small-sized turbomachinery, such as microgas turbine and cryogenic turbo expander. In the last decades, a lot of theoretical and experimental work has been conducted to investigate the properties of gas foil bearings. However, very little work has been done to study the influence of the foil bearing pad configuration. This study proposes a robust approach to analyze the effect of the foil geometry on the performance of a six-pad thrust foil bearing. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for a parallel six-pad thrust foil bearing is created. In order to predict the thermal property, the total energy with viscous dissipation is used. Based on this model, the geometry of the thrust foil bearing is parameterized and analyzed using the design of experiments (DOE) methodology. In this paper, the selected geometry parameters of the foil structure include minimum film thickness, inlet film thickness, the ramp extent on the inner circle, the ramp extent on the outer circle, the arc extent of the pad, and the orientation of the leading edge. The objectives in the sensitivity study are load capacity and maximal temperature. An optimal foil geometry is derived based on the results of the DOE process by using a goal-driven optimization technique to maximize the load capacity and minimize the maximal temperature. The results show that the geometry of the foil structure is a key factor for foil bearing performance. The numerical approach proposed in this study is expected to be useful from the thrust foil bearing design perspective.
Oil Film Damping Analysis in Non-Newtonian Transient Thermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication for Gear Transmission
Authors: Xiao Zeliang , Li Zuodong , Shi Xi , Zhou Changjiang
Published: December 2017

The models of normal and tangential oil film damping are established by modeling the viscous-elastic fluid as massless damping elements. The central pressure and film thickness distributions, friction coefficient, and maximum temperature rise with or without considering thermal effect indicate the proposed damping models and the solutions to the damping are valid. Thereafter, the thermal effect on oil film damping is discussed and the effects of contact force, rotation speed, and tooth number of spur gears in line contact non-Newtonian transient thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) on the oil film damping are investigated. The results imply that the larger damping in the normal direction is beneficial to meshing impact resistance and vibration reduction, whereas the smaller damping in the tangential direction is very helpful for fluidity enhancement and friction heat inhibition.
Swelling Driven Crack Propagation in Large Deformation in Ionized Hydrogel
Authors: Ding Jingqian , Remmers Joris J. C. , Leszczynski Szymon , Huyghe Jacques M.
Published: December 2017

Swelling and crack propagation in ionized hydrogels plays an important role in industry application of personal care and biotechnology. Unlike nonionized hydrogel, ionized hydrogel swells up to strain of many 1000's %. In this paper, we present a swelling driven fracture model for ionized hydrogel in large deformation. Flow of fluid within the crack, within the medium, and between the crack and the medium are accounted for. The partition of unity method is used to describe the discontinuous displacement field and chemical potential field, respectively. In order to capture the chemical potential gradient between the gel and the crack, an enhanced local pressure (ELP) model is adopted. The capacity of this numerical model to study the fracture and swelling behaviors of ionized gels with low Young's modulus (< 1 MPa) and low permeability (< 10−16 m4/Ns) is demonstrated. Two numerical examples show the performance of the implemented model (1) swelling with crack opening and (2) swelling with crack propagation. Simulations demonstrate that shrinking of a gel results in decreasing macroscopic stress and simultaneously increasing stress at crack tips. Different scales yield opposite responses, underscoring the need for multiscale modelling. While cracking as a result of external loading can be prevented by reducing the overall stress level in the structure, reducing overall stress levels will not result in reducing the crack initiation and propagation due to swelling.
On Model for Three-Dimensional Flow of Nanofluid With Heat and Mass Flux Boundary Conditions
Authors: Hayat Tasawar , Khan Mumtaz , Muhammad Taseer , Alsaedi Ahmed
Published: December 2017

The present paper examines magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) three-dimensional (3D) flow of viscous nanoliquid in the presence of heat and mass flux conditions. A bidirectional nonlinearly stretching surface has been employed to create the flow. Heat and mass transfer attribute analyzed via thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion aspects. Viscous liquid is electrically conducted subject to applied magnetic field. Problem formulation is made through the boundary layer approximation under small magnetic Reynolds number. Appropriate transformations yield the strong nonlinear ordinary differential system. The obtained nonlinear system has been solved for the convergent homotopic solutions. Effects of different pertinent parameters with respect to temperature and concentration are sketched and discussed. The coefficients of skin friction and heat and mass transfer rates are computed numerically.
Buoyancy-Induced Natural Convective Heat Transfer Along a Vertical Cylinder Using Water–Al2O3 Nanofluids
Authors: Ravi Babu S. , Sambasiva Rao G.
Published: December 2017

Buoyancy-induced natural convective heat transfer along a vertical cylinder immersed in Water–Al2O3 nanofluids for various concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 vol %) under constant heat flux condition was investigated experimentally and presented. Thermal stratification was observed outside the boundary layer in the ambient fluid after steady-state condition is achieved as the fluid temperature goes on increasing along the axial direction. Temperature variations of the cylinder along the axial direction and temperature variations of fluid in radial direction are shown graphically. It is observed that the temperatures of the cylinder and the fluid increases along the axial direction and the fluid temperature decreases in the radial direction. Experiments were conducted for various heat inputs (30 W, 40 W, 45 W, and 50 W) and volume concentrations and observed that the addition of alumina nanoparticles up to 0.1 vol % enhances the thermal performance and then the further addition of nanoparticles leads to deterioration. The maximum enhancement in the natural convection heat transfer performance is observed as 13.8%, i.e., heat transfer coefficient is increased from 382 W/m2 K to 435 W/m2 K at 0.1 vol % particle loading.
Numerical Analysis of Flow Fields and Temperature Fields in a Regenerative Heating Furnace for Steel Pipes
Authors: Han Yi , Liu Feng , Ran Xin
Published: December 2017

In the production process of large-diameter seamless steel pipes, the blank heating quality before roll piercing has an important effect on whether subsequently conforming piping is produced. Obtaining accurate pipe blank heating temperature fields is the basis for establishing and optimizing a seamless pipe heating schedule. In this paper, the thermal process in a regenerative heating furnace was studied using fluent software, and the distribution laws of the flow field in the furnace and of the temperature field around the pipe blanks were obtained and verified experimentally. The heating furnace for pipe blanks was analyzed from multiple perspectives, including overall flow field, flow fields at different cross sections, and overall temperature field. It was found that the changeover process of the regenerative heating furnace caused the temperature in the upper part of the furnace to fluctuate. Under the pipe blanks, the gas flow was relatively thin, and the flow velocity was relatively low, facilitating the formation of a viscous turbulent layer and thereby inhibiting heat exchange around the pipe blanks. The mutual interference between the gas flow from burners and the return gas from the furnace tail flue led to different flow velocity directions at different positions, and such interference was relatively evident in the middle part of the furnace. A temperature “layering” phenomenon occurred between the upper and lower parts of the pipe blanks. The study in this paper has some significant usefulness for in-depth exploration of the characteristics of regenerative heating furnaces for steel pipes.
Effects of Energy Dissipation and Variable Thermal Conductivity on Entropy Generation Rate in Mixed Convection Flow
Authors: Qasim Muhammad , Afridi Muhammad Idrees
Published: December 2017

Analysis of entropy generation in mixed convection flow over a vertically stretching sheet has been carried out in the presence of variable thermal conductivity and energy dissipation. Governing equations are reduced to self-similar ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations and are solved numerically by applying shooting and fourth-order Runge–Kutta techniques. The expressions for entropy generation number and Bejan number are also obtained by using similarity transformations. The influence of embedding physical parameters on quantities of interest is discussed through graphical illustrations. The results reveal that entropy generation number increases significantly in the vicinity of stretching surface and gradually dies out as one move away from the sheet. Also, the entropy generation number decreases with an increase in temperature difference parameter. Moreover, entropy generation number enhances with an enhancement in the Eckert number, Prandtl number, and variable thermal conductivity parameter.
Elastic Fibers and Large Artery Mechanics in Animal Models of Development and Disease
Authors: Gabriela Espinosa Maria , Catalin Staiculescu Marius , Kim Jungsil , Marin Eric , Wagenseil Jessica E.
Published: December 2017

Development of a closed circulatory system requires that large arteries adapt to the mechanical demands of high, pulsatile pressure. Elastin and collagen uniquely address these design criteria in the low and high stress regimes, resulting in a nonlinear mechanical response. Elastin is the core component of elastic fibers, which provide the artery wall with energy storage and recoil. The integrity of the elastic fiber network is affected by component insufficiency or disorganization, leading to an array of vascular pathologies and compromised mechanical behavior. In this review, we discuss how elastic fibers are formed and how they adapt in development and disease. We discuss elastic fiber contributions to arterial mechanical behavior and remodeling. We primarily present data from mouse models with elastic fiber deficiencies, but suggest that alternate small animal models may have unique experimental advantages and the potential to provide new insights. Advanced ultrastructural and biomechanical data are constantly being used to update computational models of arterial mechanics. We discuss the progression from early phenomenological models to microstructurally motivated strain energy functions for both collagen and elastic fiber networks. Although many current models individually account for arterial adaptation, complex geometries, and fluid–solid interactions (FSIs), future models will need to include an even greater number of factors and interactions in the complex system. Among these factors, we identify the need to revisit the role of time dependence and axial growth and remodeling in large artery mechanics, especially in cardiovascular diseases that affect the mechanical integrity of the elastic fibers.