bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural history of feline leukaemia virus*
Authors: JARRETT O.
Published: September 2008

Feline leukaemia virus is a common infection of cats. The incidence of leukaemia and other diseases associated with virus infection varies from very low to extremely high depending on the epidemiological situation. Methods are now available to control the infection.
Complications associated with the internal fixation of fractures in dogs*
Authors: VAUGHAN L. C.
Published: September 2008

An account is given of some of the complications that arise following the internal fixation of fractures in dogs. Osteomyelitis is one of the most serious untoward sequelae and the clinical and radiographic features of twenty‐five dogs with the severe form are described. Treatment by means of debridement, further fracture immobilization and antibiotic therapy proved successful in the majority. Stifle joint stiffness following the repair of femoral fractures is discussed, and attention is drawn to a number of problems that are caused by errors of technique.
The successful use of a prosthesis in the correction of a palatal defect in a dog
Authors: THODAY K. L. , CHARLTON D. A. , GRAHAM‐JONES O. , FROST P. L. , PULLEN‐WARNER E.
Published: September 2008

The use of a palatine prosthesis in the treatment of a traumatic cleft palate in a dog is described. Attempts at surgical repair of the cleft failed and the prosthesis successfully obturated the defect for 10 months. The value of this technique used alone or in combination with palatoplasty is discussed.
Skin granuloma of cats associated with acid‐fast bacilli
Authors: ROBINSON M.
Published: September 2008

Six cases of cats with skin granulomata containing large numbers of acid‐fast organisms are reported and described. Two cats were destroyed and examined post‐mortem, and three cats were treated surgically and with antibiotic therapy and there was no recurrence in 7 months. Follow‐up information was not available on the sixth case.
The logical use of antibiotics*
Authors: HAMILTON‐MILLER J. M. T.
Published: September 2008

The relevant considerations which affect the rational use of antibiotics are discussed and the following guide‐lines are recommended:

(1) Use antibiotics only when there is a strong likelihood of a bacterial infection.

(2) Start treatment as early as possible, having taken a specimen for bacteriological investigation, when appropriate.

(3) Use as narrow a spectrum antibiotic as possible in order to conserve the normal ecology.

(4) Avoid prophylactic antibiotics except in certain well‐defined circumstances.

(5) Give the correct dose of antibiotic for the correct length of time to ensure proper tissue levels. Bear in mind that in young animals pharmacokinetics may often differ from those in adult animals. Stress the proper time intervals at which the drug should be given. Ensure that the drug is actually taken. Bear in mind that not all drugs mix well with each other.

(6) Take steps to minimize cross‐infection.

(7) Adopt an antibiotic policy, whereby by restriction, rotation or diversification of antibiotic use, many of the problems involved in the emergence of resistant organisms described above may be to some extent avoided. This action only applies to hospitals or specific parts of hospitals (e. g. intensive care units).

sity of Lourenco Marques, Lourenco Marques, Mozambique.
Studies from the Birmingham Dogs Home (1) The problem of resettling stray and unwanted animals (2) The effect of distemper vaccination upon disease incidence
Authors: GRIFFITHS B. C. R.
Published: September 2008

(1) Unsatisfactory placing of dogs from Birmingham Dogs Home was more often due to incompatability than fatal disease. The age and sex ratios of unwanted dogs are examined, and it is suggested that emotional and social suitability as well as physical fitness and pleasing conformation should be taken into account in assessing suitability as a household pet.

(2) A controlled vaccination programme using tissue culture distemper vaccine based on measles virus, resulted in a significantly higher incidence of respiratory and alimentary disorders in vaccinated dogs than in controls, especially in puppies. Death from distemper occurred in 3 % of animals placed in new homes. Although deaths from this disease were less frequent in vaccinates than controls, use of this vaccine appears to be contra‐indicated under conditions of relatively low distemper incidence.
Clinical note‐A case of bilateral dental fistula in a cynamolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: WILSON P. , WINSTANLEY E. W.
Published: September 2008

A case of bilateral dental fistula in a Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) is described. The condition was cured by removing the upper canine teeth. A possible aetiology is suggested.
Some demographic characteristics of the domestic cat population in Great Britain with particular reference to feeding habits and the incidence of the Feline Urological Syndrome
Authors: FENNELL C.
Published: September 2008

The results are presented of a survey of 5, 669 domestic cats in Great Britain and the data used to define some of the normal demographic characteristics of the cat population with particular reference to feeding habits. An analysis of cats visiting a veterinary surgeon is given, and an incidence of between 0‐34 and 0‐55 % for the Feline Urological Syndrome in the total population at risk is suggested. The total cat population in Great Britain is calculated as 3‐3 million.
Osteochondromatosis in the racing greyhound
Authors: POWER J. w.
Published: September 2008

This paper describes the occurrence of osteochondromatosis (OCM) in the distal radius of the right forelimb of two racing Greyhounds. Both cases were presented with right forelimb lameness. In case 1, the OCM was secondary, while in case 2, it was the primary cause of lameness. Surgery and histopathology were performed on case 2. Both cases won races after their respective treatments.
The changing role of pets in society*
Authors: BRIDGER HAROLD
Published: September 2008

The changing role of pets in society is reviewed.

‘But if you tame me, then we shall need each other’.

To me, you will be unique in all the world.

To you, I shall be unique in all the world…

‘You become responsible, forever, for what you have tamed.’

‘The Little Prince’ (Antoine de Saint‐Exupéry)

‘An animal which exploits another species can always go one degree better than the existing system.’

Animal Nature and Human Nature (W. H. Thorpe)
The response to progestagen treatment of some diseases of cats
Authors: CHESNEY G. J.
Published: September 2008

The response to treatment with megestrol acetate (Ovarid‐Glaxo) of a complex of four diseases is described. They are flea‐allergy dermatitis, or miliary eczema, perineal hair loss, neurodermatitis, and eosinophilic granuloma or rodent ulcer. It is postulated that all four are manifestations of the same disorder.
Four cases of congenital portacaval shunt in the dog
Authors: BARRETT R. E. , DELAHUNTA A. , ROENICK W. J. , HOFFER R. E. , COONS F. H.
Published: September 2008

Four cases of congenital portacaval shunt in the dog are presented. The variable clinical signs, diagnostic clinical pathology and radiology, and therapy are discussed.
Some aspects of the pathogenesis of canine arteriosclerosis
Authors: WHITNEY J. C.
Published: September 2008

A simple grading system was devised to classify arteriosclerotic lesions in the heart and major blood vessels. This paper correlates the frequency and severity of these lesions with the ages of each of the 200 dogs in this series.

The results showed that fibrous plaques in the posterior aorta and hyalin disease in the intramural coronary vessels of the left heart increased in frequency and severity with advancing age.

The distribution and nature of these lesions is compared with similar lesions in man.
The use of muscle relocation techniques in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries in dogs and cats
Authors: BENNETT DAVID , VAUGHAN L. C.
Published: September 2008

The authors describe certain muscle relocation techniques for the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (radial and peroneal) in small animals. Six clinical cases are related illustrating the usefulness of the techniques. It is stressed that only a functional muscle can be relocated and that the majority of peripheral nerve lesions in the dog and cat are too extensive, involving a number of nerves, to allow the application of such techniques. However, the procedures can be of great value in certain selected cases, avoiding limb amputation or euthanasia of the patient.
Jaundice in the dog
Authors: MURDOCH D. B.
Published: September 2008

Jaundice or icterus is the clinical manifestation of an increase in the concentration of bilirubin in serum. The aetiology, clinical signs and the use of ancillary aids in the diagnosis of the conditions giving rise to jaundice in the dog will be discussed.
Immunopathological aspects of canine renal disease
Authors: MORRISON W. I. , WRIGHT N. G.
Published: September 2008

It is now becoming clear that the development of immunity against an infectious agent is not always beneficial to the host and may sometimes be instrumental in exacerbating the disease process. Thus, it is important to define the nature of the immunological processes which undoubtedly play an important role in some of the important renal diseases of the dog.

Deposition of immune complexes in the glomeruli stimulates a range of morphological types of glomerulonephritis. The persistence of leptospiral antigen, alone or complexed with locally produced antibody, in the renal interstitium appears to be responsible for the marked cellular response in acute leptospiral nephritis. In chronic forms of diffuse renal disease, glomerular immune complexes have been detected in chronic glomerulonephritis but not with certainty in chronic interstitial nephritis.
Permanent pacemaker implantation with transvenous electrode placement in a dog with complete atrioventricular heart block, congestive heart failure and Stokes‐Adams syndrome
Authors: MUSSELMAN E. E. , ROUSE G. P. , PARKER A. J.
Published: September 2008

A permanent asynchronous pacemaker was implanted in a 2‐year‐old Shetland Sheepdog with complete heart block. Electrode implantation was via the transvenous method. One year after implantation the pacemaker unit began to fail. A new pacemaker, with a 7‐year battery expectancy, was substituted for the original unit. The subject is still leading a normal life, 1 ½ years after the use of the pacemaker.
Porto‐systemic shunt in the dog: Two case reports
Authors: SIMPSON STEPHEN T. , HRIBERNIK THOMAS N.
Published: September 2008

Congenital anomalies of the portal vein producing a variety of neurological abnormalities have recently been reported by Ewing et al. (1974), Strom–beck, et al. (1975), and Cornelius et al. (1975). This is a report of two additional cases of anomalous venous drainage of the liver which were manifested by a variety of encephalopathies. Case 1 represents a portal–azygous shunt which was treated medically. Case 2 exhibits some unusual EEG findings and sheds new light on the possible surgical intervention for some of these anomalous shunts.
The presence of leukaemia (lymphosarcoma) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in cats in The Netherlands
Authors: WEIJER K. , DAAMS J. H.
Published: September 2008

To study the presence and spread of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in The Netherlands, seven different groups of cats were examined. The indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test was used to detect FeLV‐antigen in blood smears. Of cats with lymphosarcoma/leukaemia 73.2% were positive and 32.4% with infectious peritonitis were positive. Only one of sixty‐six cats with other tumours–a cat with mammary carcinoma–was positive.

Forty‐two (7.5%) of 557 cats with various complaints were positive for FeLV‐antigen. The IFA‐test appeared to be an important diagnostic supplement.

Of all stud males which had had contact with FeLV‐positive cats 24.7% were positive for FeLV‐antigen, whereas all stud males which had not had this contact, were negative.

There was a distinct difference between the percentages of FeLV‐positive individuals in the groups of cats which had had (20.6%) and which had not had (0.4%) contact with FeLV‐positive cats.

From the follow‐up study it was found that 67.3% of the FeLV‐positive cats died from, or were destroyed because of, FeLV‐associated diseases within a period of 20 months.
Proximal femoral epiphyseal separation in the dog
Authors: LEE R.
Published: September 2008

Twenty‐two cases of displaced upper femoral epiphysis in the dog have been reviewed with regard to the incidence, aetiology, radiographic and histological changes. The majority of the cases followed a severe traumatic episode but a significant number were associated with relatively trivial injuries. On histological examination necrosis of the epiphysis was common but the majority showed a rapid revascularization unassociated with collapse and deformity. The prevalence of the Labrador Retriever in the cases presented is noted.
Lameness in two young dogs caused by a calcified body in the joint capsule of the elbow
Authors: GRØNDALEN J. , BRAUT T.
Published: September 2008

A calcified body in the joint capsule of both elbows, intimately connected with the origin of the deep digital flexor, caused bilateral forelimb lameness in an 8‐month‐old English Setter.

Identical findings were made by radiography in an 11‐month‐old Labrador Retriever.

The bodies were removed surgically and histological sections of them revealed bony trabeculae centrally, covered partly by hyaline cartilage and fibrous, degenerated cartilage.
The experimental reproduction of anal sacculitis
Authors: HALNAN C. R. E.
Published: September 2008

Twelve dogs were used in a series of three experiments designed to simulate the assumed mechanism of initiation of anal sacculitis: infection, impaction and abscessation. The disease was reproduced by inoculation of the sacs with a mixture of Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Clostridium welchii in broth, both with and without ligation of the ducts of the sacs. The disease was also produced by ligating the ducts of the sacs without inoculation. In one case, where inoculation was performed and where the condition was chronic, the dog developed a debilitating chronic diarrhoea. The signs described in a previous paper (Halnan, 1976b) were variously encountered in the experimental cases confirming the basis of early diagnosis.
Hyperbaric oxygen used in the treatment of gas gangrene in a dog
Authors: COOPER N. A. , UNSWORTH I. P. , TURNER D. M. , ILKIW J. E.
Published: September 2008

Gas gangrene developed in the hindlimb of a dog after open reduction and stabilization of a compound femoral fracture. The condition occurred despite prophylactic ampicillin treatment and failed to respond to local irrigation and intravenous penicillin therapy. Three sessions of hyperbaric oxygenation were given. Used in combination with surgical drainage and high doses of intravenous penicillin, an excellent recovery was achieved.
Spontaneous neoplasms of the central nervous system of the cat
Authors: ZAKI FAROUK A. , HURVITZ ARTHUR I.
Published: September 2008

Eighty‐seven tumours were found in the central nervous system of seventy‐five cats. There were fifty‐two meningiomas, twenty‐eight lymphosarcomas, one ependymoma, one neurolemmoma, one astrocytoma, three pituitary chromophobe adenomas and one pituicytoma. Meningiomas were found to be the most common spontaneous tumours of the central nervous system, in agreement with previously reported data. Lymphosarcoma was found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. In this series, four tumours were found originating from the pituitary gland.
Observations on the pathology of tracheal collapse in dogs
Authors: DONE S. H. , DREW R. A.
Published: September 2008

The pathology of tracheal collapse in dogs is described. Ten dogs were studied and in all cases there was macroscopic and histological evidence of flattening of the tracheal cartilage and peripheral lung disease. It was considered that the essential lesion was a removal of organic matrix from the cartilage. It was thought that this was probably congenital in origin but required the presence of concurrent lung disease as a triggering factor before clinical signs developed.
Radiological examination of birds: report of a small series
Authors: COOPER JOHN E. , KREEL LOUIS
Published: September 2008

The authors discuss the use of radiology in avian work, with particular reference to a series of thirty‐six cases. Conditions diagnosed included fractures, arthritis and osteodystrophy and attention is drawn to the value of a suitable anaesthetic in such work. It is postulated that birds could prove useful models in biomedical research.
Some techniques used in clinical investigation of cardiovascular function in the dog
Authors: DELAUNOIS A. L. , DE RICK A. , MATTHEEUWS D.
Published: September 2008

Five methods are described, which have proved to be useful in closed chest experimental and clinical cardiovascular research in small animals.
The association of Pityrosporum pachydermatis with the normal external ear canal of dogs and cats
Authors: BAXTER M.
Published: September 2008

The frequency of Pityrosporum pachydermatis within the non‐otitic external ear canals of dogs and cats has been investigated and an assessment of the abundance of the yeast made by microscopic and cultural techniques. It was present in varying amounts in 49% of clean dog ears and 23% of clean cat ears. Microscopically, 14% of the ears were found to contain the yeast in large numbers. A further 3 % of ears examined showed excessive cerumen production and all these contained the yeast.

The prevalence of P. pachydermatis in non‐otitic ears of both dogs and cats was similar to that previously reported in otitic ears.
Alveolar lung diseases in small animals and their radiographic diagnosis
Authors: LORD P. F.
Published: September 2008

A systematic approach to the diagnosis of disseminated lung disease is more accurate and comprehensive than one based on the memorization of the appearance of each disease. The patterns of disseminated diseases are based on the pathophysiological changes. They are: alveolar, interstitial, bronchial, vascular and mixed. Each pattern has its own characteristics and list of causes.

The alveolar pattern is the most common in small animals. Pathogenesis and radiographic characteristics of the pattern, and the ways in which diseases cause it, are described.

Differential diagnosis, using clinical and radiographic findings, is discussed.
Hyperinsulinism in the dog due to pancreatic islet‐cell tumour: a report on three cases
Authors: MATTHEEUWS D. , ROTTIERS R. , DE RIJCKE J. , DE RICK A. , DE SCHEPPER J.
Published: September 2008

Hypoglycaemia due to hyperinsulinism caused by an islet‐cell tumour, in three male Boxer dogs aged 9, 81/2 and 81/2 years respectively, is described.

The clinical signs, the laboratory findings and the histological picture of the tumour of the pancreas which led to the diagnosis are discussed. The plasma immunoreactive insulin level (IRI), after 24‐hours fasting, or after stimulation by glucose, was elevated in only one case, but the ‘amended insulin‐glucose ratio’ was clearly increased in the other two cases, compared with normal dogs.
Sub‐aortic stenosis in a Boxer dog
Authors: CRITCHLEY K. L.
Published: September 2008

A 10‐month‐old Boxer dog with a heart murmur was submitted to left side cardiac angiography and found to have a severe sub‐aortic stenosis.
Radiological diagnosis and prognosis of primary abdominal neoplasia in the dog*
Authors: WEAVER A. D.
Published: September 2008

Alimentary and splenic neoplasms formed the largest groups in a series of 121 primary abdominal neoplasms in 117 dogs examined as clinical cases in Glasgow University Veterinary Hospital in the period 1970‐74. The majority of the neoplasms were malignant (107 of 121), but few cases had lung metastases.

Retrospective study of the radiographs of ninety‐one animals in the series was undertaken. Gastro‐intestinal lymphosarcoma, which formed the largest single group (thirty‐four) was rarely suspected on plain film radiography since gross masses were usually absent and the associated drainage lymph nodes rarely demonstrable. Barium study was useful in delineating gastric malignancy and the occasional unusual small intestinal filling defects which might indicate tumour. Radiography demonstrated the majority of cases of splenic enlargement well, but was of no assistance in the differentiation of benign or malignant lesions. Appropriate contrast studies of the urinary tract were very useful in the investigation of suspected renal, ureteric and bladder neoplasms.

Radiographic signs of spinal involvement from spread of abdominal neoplasms was rare, occurring in two cases, once to the seventh lumbar vertebra, once to the first coccygeal vertebra. Radiography rarely demonstrated lung metastases.

The prognosis in most cases of abdominal tumours with the exception of splenic neoplasms, is poor. Radiography has marked limitations in the demonstration of many pathological entities of the abdomen including tumours, and contrast studies, though often rewarding, are liable to be very time‐consuming. The ultimate diagnosis depends on exploratory laparotomy.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the dog
Authors: JONES D. R. E. , DENNY H. R. , MULLOWNEY P. C.
Published: September 2008

A bleeding disorder caused by intravascular coagulation is described and laboratory procedures aiding the diagnosis are discussed.
Aplasia of the epididymis and vas deferens in the dog
Authors: COPLAND M. D. , MACLACHLAN N. J.
Published: September 2008

The occurrence of aplasia of the epididymis and vas deferens in a Golden Retriever is reported. The dog was presented for a fertility examination. Scrotal palpation indicated aplasia of the left epididymis and vas deferens. These findings were confirmed by surgical examination and a testicular biopsy taken at this time revealed active spermatogenesis to be present. The upper urinary tract was examined and found to be normal. The condition was not evident on scrotal examination of six siblings.
Leptospirosis in a British domestic cat
Authors: BRYSON D. G. , ELLIS W. A.
Published: September 2008

A leptospire was isolated from thoracic fluid, aqueous humour, and kidney of a cat, which at gross post‐mortem had widespread haemorrhages and excess straw‐coloured fluid in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities.

Histopathological examinations revealed severe centrilobular necrosis of the liver, and vascular lesions with haemorrhage were present in lung and brain.

Spirochaetes were demonstrable in lung, kidney and brain by silver impregnation techniques.

Strong fluorescence was observed in lung, liver, brain and kidney with bratislava antiserum.
A case of myasthenia gravis in a cat
Authors: MASON K. V.
Published: September 2008

A case of myasthenia gravis in a cat, the second to be recorded in this species, is described. A good response was obtained to oral administration of 10 mg pyridostigmine daily, preceded by 0–15 mg atropine sulphate to obviate the cholinergic effects. The cat showed no recurrence of muscular weakness 6 months after treatment was terminated. Attention is drawn to a dilation of the oesophagus, which is a feature of the condition in dogs and which was also seen in this feline case. The extent of the dilation differs in the dog and the cat and appears to be dependent upon the anatomical distribution of striated muscle in the oesophagus of the two species.
Perineal hernia in the cat—a description of two cases
Authors: ASHTON D. G.
Published: September 2008

This paper describes two cases of perineal hernia in the cat, a condition so far unreported in this animal. One, a 10‐year‐old spayed female, had a history which could have explained the development of the condition. The other, a 15‐month‐oId male, had no apparent predisposing history. The surgical repair is described and aetiologies discussed.
Peroneal nerve paralysis in the cat and dog: an experimental study
Authors: BENNETT DAVID , VAUGHAN L. C.
Published: September 2008

The effects of peroneal neurectomy at different nerve levels in the dog and cat are described. The resultant limb paralyses were considerably improved by the application of a muscle relocation technique, transferring either the long digital flexor or caudal tibial muscle. The results of combined peroneal and tibial neurectomy as well as nerve root sectioning (L6, L7) are also described.
Caesarean section in the Java monkey (Macaca irus)—a case report
Authors: MOSDØL GUNVALD
Published: September 2008

A case of Caesarean section in the Java monkey (Macaca irus) carried out under ketamine chloride anaesthesia, is described. Approach to the foetus was made through the linea alba and a longitudinal incision in the uterine body. Comparative uterine and placental anatomy of significance for evaluating operative technique is described.
Peptic ulceration in a dog associated with an islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas and an elevated plasma gastrin level
Authors: JONES B. R. , NICHOLLS M. R. , BADMAN R.
Published: September 2008

The history, clinical signs and post‐mortem findings in a 6‐year‐old, male, Boxer dog with peptic ulceration and a tumour derived from islet cells of the pancreas are described. The immunoreactive circulating plasma gastrin in this dog was elevated and measured 360 pg/ml (normal range 23–104 pg/ml). The findings in this dog are similar to those described for Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome in man. It is possible that the pathogenesis of peptic ulceration in this case is similar to that of Zollinger‐Ellison syndrome.
Adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct in a cat
Authors: BARSANTI J. A. , HIGGINS R. J. , SPANO J. S. , JONES B. D.
Published: September 2008

A scirrhous adenocarcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct was shown by histopathological examination to be the cause of obstructive jaundice in an 11‐year‐old female Siamese cat. In addition to icterus, the cat's clinical signs included depression, anorexia, vomiting, constipation, weight loss and dehydration. Symptomatic therapy relieved the anorexia, constipation, dehydration and depression, but jaundice, weight loss and occasional vomiting continued during the 2‐month course of illness. Serum cholesterol and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) remained elevated and serum bilirubin and serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) values progressively increased from the cat's initial presentation to its death 2 months later. At necropsy the tumour was found to involve only the extrahepatic bile duct. Neoplasia of the extrahepatic biliary system has been reported only twice in domesticated animals (Patnaik et al., 1975; Feldman, Strafuss & Gabbert, 1976).
Staphylococcal cheilitis in the guinea‐pig
Authors: Smith M. W. , Gibbs Christine
Published: September 2008

An account is given of the clinical and pathological findings in four cases of staphylococcal cheilitis in guinea‐pigs. The possible aetiology is discussed.
Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament of the dog: a survey from practices in the Kent region BSAVA
Authors: Barnes A. J.
Published: September 2008

The incidence and treatment of rupture of the canine anterior cruciate ligament are presented from reports over a 3‐month period by members of the Kent Region BSAVA.
A gonioscopic study of the iridocorneal angle in the English and American breeds of Cocker Spaniel and the Basset Hound
Authors: Bedford P. G. C.
Published: September 2008

Closure of the iridocorneal angle is the cause of a primary form of glaucoma which occurs in certain breeds of dog, but the precise mechanism involved in that closure is not completely understood. However, narrowness of the angle is considered to be the important predisposing factor, and in gonioscopic survey work the author has demonstrated that angle narrowness occurs with some frequency in the English Cocker Spaniel and Basset Hound breeds.
Reticulosis of the visual system in a dog
Authors: Smith J. S. , de Lahunta A. , Riis R. C.
Published: September 2008

A 7‐year‐old male Kerry Blue Terrier had been compensating for a visual deficit for approximately 2 months. Five days before examination, the dog had suddenly lost all vision and the pupils had become widely dilated and unresponsive to light. Ophthalmic examination revealed inflammation of the optic discs. Response to therapy was favourable but temporary.

Post mortem findings consisted of granulomatous optic neuritis, meningoencephalitis and chorioretinitis, similar to reticulosis.
Isolation rates of feline respiratory viruses in local cat populations
Authors: Jensen M. M. , Buell D. J. , McKim R. M.
Published: September 2008

Respiratory and conjunctival secretions were collected from fifty‐nine cats living in a rural environment and 128 cats living in an urban environment. All cats were showing some signs of respiratory disease. Feline caliciviruses or feline rhinotracheitis viruses were isolated from 16% and 56% of the cats from the urban and rural areas respectively. The caliciviruses were serologically related.
Bacterial endocarditis in the dog
Authors: Murdoch D. B. , Baker† J.R.
Published: September 2008

The literature on bacterial endocarditis is reviewed. The condition is illustrated by three cases in which the findings on clinical, radiological, electrocardiographical, bacteriological and post‐mortem examinations are described. In one case a 2‐year‐old Boxer, the causal organism was an atypical Corynebacterium and in another, a 6‐year‐old Alsatian, it was Proteus vulgaris. Neither of these organisms have been previously associated with canine bacterial endocarditis. The third case is an example of a chronic, long standing lesion, from which no organisms were isolated.
ORTHOPAEDICS
Authors: Else R.W.
Published: September 2008

Dysostosis Enchondralis of the Ulnar Bone in the Basset Hound.
Anaemia in the dog: an analysis of laboratory data
Authors: Hinton M. , Jones D. R.E.
Published: September 2008

Blood samples from 1063 dogs, suffering mainly from medical conditions, were examined haematologically. Of these 203 (191%) had haemoglobin values of ≤ 11–9g/dl and 85 (80%) ≤9.9g/dl. The incidence of anaemia was higher in dogs either under 1 year or over 10 years of age but there was no difference between the sexes. A leukopaenia or a leukocytosis was frequently observed in anaemic dogs.
MEDICINE
Authors: Bush B.M.
Published: September 2008

Treatment of Acute Diarrhoea in Adult Human Patients. Cummings, J. (1977) Prescribed J. 17, 27.
The surgical treatment of canine glaucoma
Authors: Bedford P. G.
Published: September 2008

The success of glaucoma therapy depends wholely upon the ability to restore rapidly an elevated intraocular pressure to normal, and subsequently to maintain adequate aqueous drainage. In the dog, the extent of synechial occlusion within the iridocorneal angle is often such that medical therapy proves to be of little or no lasting value, and a surgical approach is essential if ocular structure and function are to be preserved. The author has recently evaluated several techniques of glaucoma surgery in sixty‐one patients, and his results now indicate that corneoscleral trephination combined with peripheral iridectomy offers the greatest chance of success in the treatment of this condition.
The use of hydrophilic contact lenses in corneal diseases of the dog and cat: A preliminary report
Authors: Schmidt G. M. , Blanchard G. L. , Keller W. F.
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT

Two types of hydrophilic contact lenses were tested in dogs and cats as part of the therapeutic régime of recurrent corneal erosions, superficial corneal ulcers and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. It was found that the lenses are well tolerated by these species when properly fitted to the cornea. If the lenses were not properly fitted, they were lost before their therapeutic effectiveness could be evaluated. The use of hydrophilic contact lenses appeared to be beneficial in the treatment of superificial corneal ulcers and recurrent corneal erosions in the dog and cat, but ineffective in the treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
Angiosarcoma in cats
Authors: Patnaik A. K. , Liu S.‐K.
Published: September 2008

In a survey of 3145 feline necropsies at The Animal Medical Centre, eighteen cases of haemangiosarcoma and one case of lymphangiosarcoma were diagnosed. The haemangiosarcomas were primarily located in the spleen (four), liver (six), mesentery (four), mediastinum (three) and the lungs (one). The lymphangiosarcoma was seen in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal wall and thighs. The clinical, macroscopic, and microscopic features of these tumours have been described. The most common clinical signs in the case of haemangiosarcoma were due to the rupture of the primary or metastatic neoplasms (70%). Metastases wese observed in 67% of the cases. Three main histological types (1, cavernous; 2, solid; and 3, capillaries separated by stroma) were observed, although mixtures of more than one histological type were seen in any one particular tumour. Rare cases of pulmonary haemangiosarcoma and lymphangiosarcoma in the cat have also been described.
Chronic respiratory disease in the dog*
Authors: Wheeldon E. B. , Pirie H. M. , Fisher E. W. , Lee R.
Published: September 2008

This paper describes the essential features of the conditions causing chronic respiratory disease in the dog including: chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, primary and secondary lung tumours, filaroidiasis, actino‐mycotic infections and tuberculosis. Epidemiology, diagnostic clinical signs and methods of treatment are emphasized. A consideration of hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy is included since it frequently occurs in conjunction with chronic respiratory disease and may be a useful diagnostic marker.
The value of plasma fibrinogen estimations in dogs. A comparison with total leucocyte and neutrophil counts
Authors: Sutton R. H. , Johnstone Mary
Published: September 2008

Plasma fibrinogen levels were measured by a simple refractometry method on 552 dog blood samples submitted from clinical cases for routine haematological examination. Sixty samples with total leucocyte and neutrophil counts within the defined normal range had elevated fibrinogen levels. The majority of these samples were from animals with a disease condition. It was concluded, because of this, and because of the simplicity of the method, that fibrinogen estimations are a worthwhile addition to the routine haematological examination of dog blood.
The influence of anaesthesia on bronchography in dogs
Authors: Clarke K. W. , Webbon P. M.
Published: September 2008

The spread of the contrast medium, Dionosil Aqueous (Glaxo),* in the bronchi of three healthy dogs was investigated under a variety of anaesthetic techniques. The most reliable results were obtained when intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was applied following anaesthetic techniques incorporating the use of neuromuscular blocking agents. Good results were also obtained using trichloroethylene anaesthesia. The reliability of results obtained using relaxant techniques was confirmed in clinical cases.
A study of the radiographic anatomy of the cervical spine in the dog
Authors: Wright Jayne A.
Published: September 2008

Cervical radiographs, with the neck in varying positions, were made of a series of dogs belonging to different breeds, all with conditions unrelated to the spine. Post‐mortem myelograms were carried out on a small number, and the cervical vertebrae macerated. Measurement of cervical angles, and sagittal diameters of the neural canal were obtained from the plain radiographs. The relative positions of adjacent vertebrae were noted. The sagittal diameter values were compared with those calculated from the myelograms and isolated vertebrae.

The vertebral angles showed a wide variation, the vertebrae moved relatively to one another as the position of the neck was varied, and the sagittal diameters showed good correlation between plain radiographs, myelograms and isolated vertebrae.
Treatment of tibio‐tarsal instability in small animals
Authors: Holt Peter E.
Published: September 2008

Although relatively uncommon in small animal orthopaedics, tarsal collateral ligament injuries may present problems to the veterinary surgeon dealing with trauma cases. The author's method of approach to the condition and the management of thirteen cases are described and discussed.
A portable resuscitation box for use in anaesthetic emergencies
Authors: Lucke J. N. , Waterman Avril
Published: September 2008

Equipment and drugs required for treatment of anaesthetic emergencies are described. The necessity for speed is emphasized and a portable resuscitation box with concise instructions for management of cardiac arrest by both professional and lay staff is reported.
Transperineal punch biopsy of the canine prostate gland
Authors: Weaver A. D.
Published: September 2008

Transperineal punch biopsy using an obturator‐canula assembly (‘Tru‐cut’) was performed successfully under general anaesthesia in twenty‐three dogs suspected of having prostatic disease. Diagnostic portions of tissue were obtained in all cases. One dog developed transient post‐operative orchitis and scrotal oedema.
The diagnosis and treatment of mange in the guinea‐pig caused by Trixacarus (Caviacoptes) caviae (Fain, Hovell & Hyatt, 1972)*
Authors: Thoday Keith L. , Beresford‐Jones W. P.
Published: September 2008

The clinical features exhibited by ten privately‐owned guinea‐pigs in nine independent outbreaks of skin disease due to Trixacarus (Caviacoptes) caviae are described. The severity of the condition was related to the duration of the clinical signs but followed a constant pattern of pruritus, increased keratinization and alopecia. The diagnosis was confirmed by the demonstration of the mite in skin scrapings. One animal died before treatment but gamma benzene hexachloride washes produced complete resolution in the remainder.
Feline viral respiratory disease: a review with particular reference to its epizootiology and control
Authors: GASKELL ROSALIND M. , WARDLEY R. C.
Published: September 2008

The two major causes of feline viral respiratory disease are feline viral rhinotracheitis virus and feline calicivirus. This paper reviews the present state of knowledge concerning these viral agents, the clinical syndromes they produce, their maintenance in the cat population including recent developments in the understanding of their carrier states, and finally the methods by which they spread. The second part of the paper attempts to correlate this information in a section which deals with the practical problems of prevention and control; management factors pertinent to the control of respiratory disease and problems of vaccine development and vaccine use are discussed. A short section on treatment is included.
The techniques of veterinary cryosurgery
Authors: BAXTER J. SMITH
Published: September 2008

Following a simplified discussion of the cryobiological principles involved in the destruction of tissues by the application of extreme cold, the paper describes some of the techniques employed in an essentially practical manner.
Gastro–oesophageal intussusception in an adult dog
Authors: ROWLAND M. G. , ROBINSON M.
Published: September 2008

A case of oesophageal intussusception of the stomach in a 9–year–old 351b cross–bred male dog is reported. This condition has previously been recorded only in young animals, often in the first few weeks of life. The history and post mortem findings are described, the aetiology is discussed and the literature briefly reviewed.
Pelvic fractures in the dog: a review of 123 cases
Authors: DENNY H. R.
Published: September 2008

The case histories of 123 dogs with pelvic fractures are reviewed. Eighty–seven dogs were treated conservatively and 28 surgically; the management and results of treatment in each group are described and compared.
Pituitary dwarfism in German Shepherd Dogs: a genetic analysis of some Australian data
Authors: NICHOLAS FRANK
Published: September 2008

Eight pituitary dwarfs have been born recently in six different litters from registered German Shepherd parents in the Sydney region of New South Wales, Australia. A genetic analysis has been carried out to determine whether there is any hereditary basis to the syndrome.

In agreement with recent Danish findings, the Australian data indicate that pituitary dwarfism is inherited as an autosomal recessive condition, with the possibility that some recessive homozygotes die before or soon after birth. Thus the observed proportion of dwarfs in a litter from heterozygous parents is often less than 25%.
The clinical management of neoplasia – 1. Diagnosis and prognosis
Authors: YOXALL A. T.
Published: September 2008

Diagnosis of malignancy almost always rests upon a histopathological examination of the lesion, and the importance of establishing the histological nature of the disease as early as possible is emphasized. Factors affecting prognosis are enumerated and discussed. Early diagnosis and an understanding of prognostic features are prerequisites to planning a vigorous and rational treatment regime from the initial presentation of the case; such an approach may improve the survival and quality of life for tumour–bearing animals.
The antibiotic resistance of pathogenic staphylococci and streptococci isolated from dogs
Authors: HINTON M. , MARSTON M. , HEDGES ROSA
Published: September 2008

The antibiotic resistance of strains of Staphylococcus aureus and beta–haemolytic streptococci of canine origin were assessed against eight drugs using the disc diffusion technique. Of 398 strains of Staph, aureus eight were resistant to neomycin, 15 to ampicillin, 23 to lincomycin, while of 87 streptococci, one was resistant to ampicillin, two to lincomycin and four to penicillin. In addition 4 of 340 Staph, aureus strains tested against cloxacillin were resistant.
Hydronephrosis and hydro–ureter in a kitten – a case report
Authors: NORTH D. C.
Published: September 2008

An 8–week–old kitten presented with a distended abdomen, dribbling of urine and vulval prolapse, was found to have a unilateral hydronephrosis and hydro–ureter. Following nephrectomy the kitten made an uneventful recovery.
An undifferentiated sarcoma affecting the first three cervical vertebrae of a puppy
Authors: WRIGHT JAYNE A.
Published: September 2008

The radiographic and histological features of an undifferentiated sarcoma invading the first three cervical vertebrae in a 6–month–old male Norwegian Buhund are described. The differential diagnosis of cervical pain is discussed.
Hip dysplasia in a cat
Authors: HOLT PETER E.
Published: September 2008

The clinical and radiographical features of hip dysplasia in a Persian cat are described. Pectineus myotendonectomy produced only a temporary improvement and coxofemoral excision arthroplasty was performed. This resulted in complete remission of the signs and symptoms.
A new anaesthetic circuit for use in the dog
Authors: HIRD J. F. R. , CARLUCCI F.
Published: September 2008

A co–axial non–rebreathing circuit for use in small animal anaesthesia is described. The advantages and disadvantages of this type of circuit are discussed in relation to other circuits in current use.
Histiocytic ulcerative colitis in a French Bulldog
Authors: VAN DER GAAG INGRID , Van TOORENBURG JIK , VOORHOUT G. , HAPPE R. P. , AALFS R. H. G.
Published: September 2008

A case of histiocytic ulcerative colitis (granulomatous colitis) in a one–year–old female French Bulldog is described. Until now this disease has been described only in the Boxer breed.

The dog had an increased frequency of defaecation and the faeces contained blood and mucus. Colonoscopy showed some irregularities and a few haemorrhages in the mucosa of the caudal part of the colon. At a distance of approximately 25 cm from the anus there was a stricture caused by rigidity of the colon wall. Radiographic examination revealed marked shortening of the colon. There was also narrowing of the midpoint of the descending colon in some radiographs, but the colon appeared to be fully distensible when filled with barium. Histologically, periodic acid–Schiff (PAS)–positive staining histiocytes were found in biopsy and autopsy specimens from the colon.
Clinical management of the feline urological syndrome
Authors: GASKELL C. J. , DENNY H. R. , JACKSON O. F. , WEAVER A. D.
Published: September 2008

The management of cases of the feline urological syndrome (FUS) is described with particular reference to urethral obstruction in the male cat. Treatment of the obstructive episode and in the post–obstruction period and the prevention of recurrence of blockage in the longer term are discussed and a technique for perineal urethrostomy described.
The use of electromyography and nerve conduction studies in the evaluation of lower motor neurone disease or injury
Authors: GRIFFITHS IAN R. , DUNCAN IAN D.
Published: September 2008

Electromyography and electrophysiological studies of motor and sensory nerve fibres can be performed in the dog and provide clinically useful information. This paper discusses the use of these techniques in the diagnosis and evaluation of diseases and injuries of the lower motor neurone. The electrophysiological and pathological abnormalities are correlated and discussed. Using such techniques it is usually possible to decide if a muscle is totally or partially denervated or reinnervating and to indicate the major pathological process(es) in peripheral nerves.
Elbow lameness in the young dog caused by a sesamoidal fragment
Authors: VÄÄNÄNEN MARIA , SKUTNABB KAI
Published: September 2008

Intermittent lameness in 8 dogs was attributed to a sesamoidal fragment in the elbow joint. The clinical signs, diagnosis and treatment of the condition are described.
Patient monitoring during anaesthesia*
Authors: JONES R. S.
Published: September 2008

The various techniques of monitoring which may be carried out during anaesthesia are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the important parameters such as those associated with the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The importance of clinical judgement is also emphasised, and this should not be substituted by monitoring.
Activated coagulation times of whole blood in normal dogs and dogs with coagulopathies
Authors: MIDDLETON DEBORAH J. , WATSON A. D. J.
Published: September 2008

The activated coagulation time (ACT) of whole blood was determined at 37C and at room temperature for 42 normal dogs and eight dogs with naturally–occurring or experimentally–induced coagulation defects.

Normal ACT values ranged from 64 to 95 seconds at 37C, and 83 to 129 seconds at room temperature. In abnormal dogs, ACT was increased on 14 of 17 occasions that a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was recorded: the ACT failed to detect an abnormality on three occasions the APTT was slightly increased. ACT determination at 37C correlated better with APTT than did ACT testing at room temperature.

The ACT test is simple, inexpensive and convenient. It is a useful screening test for intrinsic coagulation defects in the dog. It is suggested that the test be performed at 37C: at this temperature an ACT of 95 seconds or more in a dog warrants further investigation.
Radiographic appearance and clinical progress after excision arthroplasty of the canine hip
Authors: DUFF R. , CAMPBELL J. R.
Published: September 2008

This paper describes the radiographic appearance of the proximal femur and acetabulum after excision arthroplasty for chronic hip lameness in the dog. An attempt has been made to correlate the various radiographic appearances with the clinical findings. The fate of spurs of bone left at the site of resection has been investigated. A constant finding was remodelling of the acetabulum and proximal femur; the results of this remodelling are described.
The surgical significance of the blood supply of the canine stifle joint
Authors: TIRGARI M.
Published: September 2008

The blood supply of the stifle joint was investigated in ten fresh dog cadavers using injections of Micropaque into the aorta and subsequent radiographic examination. The relevance of the blood supply to surgical intervention and the repair of injuries is discussed.