bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends and Gaps in African Legislative Research: Major Topics from the 1960s–2021
Authors: Ambasa Elijah , Otele Oscar , Onyango Gedion
Published: March 2022

This article takes stock of African legislative studies, focusing on trends and gaps between the 1960s and 2021. It begins with a discussion on the nature of African legislative research by reviewing common research topics on African legislature between the mentioned period from leading scholarly journals in the field before delving into the generational studies and their specific foci. Particular circumstances under which African legislative studies operated are also noted. A notable feature of African legislative scholarship is that most of them are a product of different critical junctures in historical contexts in Africa, which underscores the importance of context-specific variables and histories in discerning legislative policymaking in Africa. The article demonstrates that legislatures are emerging as vital players in governance in some countries more than others, thus informing the recent comparative discourses for African legislative studies. Although the obtainable studies offer insights into the structure and operation of African legislatures, most fail to delve deep into the design and utility of various legislative functions and processes. This calls for a more focused study on the capacity of legislative committees and how they function. This review attempts to provide insights that may inform such an endeavour.
‘Amr Ibn Ḥazm Al-Anṣārī and Qurʾān 2,256: “No Compulsion is there in Religion”
Authors: Lecker Michael
Published: March 2022

‘Amr ibn Hazm of the Najjār was a young boy when the Prophet Muḥammad came to Medina. From a remark made several decades later by an angry aristocratic woman it may be concluded that ‘Amr was raised as a Jew by the Jewish Banū l-Naḍīr. When they were expelled from Medina, ‘Amr, then a body of eleven, went with them. He later returned to Medina and at seventeen became the Prophet’s governor in Najrān.
A Collaborative Effort to Better Understand, Measure, and Model Atmospheric Exchange Processes over Mountains
Authors: Rotach Mathias W. , Serafin Stefano , Ward Helen C. , Arpagaus Marco , Colfescu Ioana , Cuxart Joan , De Wekker Stephan F. J. , Grubišic Vanda , Kalthoff Norbert , Karl Thomas , Kirshbaum Daniel J. , Lehner Manuela , Mobbs Stephen , Paci Alexandre , Palazzi Elisa , Bailey Adriana , Schmidli Jürg , Wittmann Christoph , Wohlfahrt Georg , Zardi Dino
Published: March 2022

In this essay, we highlight some challenges the atmospheric community is facing concerning adequate treatment of flows over mountains and their implications for numerical weather prediction (NWP), climate simulations, and impact modeling. With recent increases in computing power (and hence model resolution) numerical models start to face new limitations (such as numerical instability over steep terrain). At the same time there is a growing need for sufficiently reliable NWP model output to drive various impact models (for hydrology, air pollution, agriculture, etc.). The input information for these impact models is largely produced by the boundary layer (BL) parameterizations of NWP models. All known BL parameterizations assume flat and horizontally homogeneous surface conditions, and their performance and interaction with resolved flows is massively understudied over mountains—hence their output may be accidentally acceptable at best. We therefore advocate the systematic investigation of the so-called “mountain boundary layer” (MoBL), introduced to emphasize its many differences to the BL over flat and horizontally homogeneous terrain.

An international consortium of scientists has launched a research program, TEAMx (Multi-Scale Transport and Exchange Processes in the Atmosphere over Mountains–Program and Experiment), to address some of the most pressing scientific challenges. TEAMx is endorsed by World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) and the Global Energy and Water Exchanges (GEWEX) project as a “cross-cutting project.” A program coordination office was established at the University of Innsbruck (Austria). This essay introduces the background to and content of a recently published white paper outlining the key research questions of TEAMx.
Research on multi-parameter inversion of the phenomenon of gob breathing induced by atmospheric pressure fluctuation
Authors: Wu Bing , He Binbin , Zhao Chenguang , Lei Baiwei
Published: March 2022

It is significant to predict the gas emission in the mine gob accurately for gas drainage to prevent accidents and ensure safe production. The change of atmospheric pressure makes the gas emission in the mine gob presents a “breathing phenomenon”, which causes the gas concentration in the return airway of the working face fluctuates even if there are no other disturbances. The gas emission of the return airway in mine working face is affected by many factors, so it is difficult to analyze the influences of atmospheric pressure fluctuations on the gas emission of mine gob. In order to reduce interference factors, by continuously monitoring the gas concentration in the return airway of a does not work mine, in the meantime, simultaneously monitoring and analyzing the atmospheric pressure on the ground, this paper studies the influence rules of atmospheric pressure on gas emission in goaf. And a new multi-parameter mathematical model for gas emission in gob is developed, the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO) is used to invert the optimal parameters, and the model is verified by random monitoring data. The results show that the model can accurately indicate the influence of atmospheric pressure on gas emission in the gob. The faster the ground atmospheric pressure decreases, the higher the gas emission rate of the gob is, and the faster the ground atmospheric pressure increases, the lower the gas emission rate is. In addition, the mathematical model can also invert the effective permeability and effective porosity of the gob, which provides a new idea for the prediction of gas emission from goaf and the evolution characteristics of permeability in goaf.
Establishing a Multicenter Network for Patients With Thyroid Nodules and Cancer: Effects on Referral Patterns
Authors: van Dijk Sam P.J. , Lončar Ivona , van Veen-Berkx Elizabeth , Edward Visser W. , Peeters Robin P. , van Noord Charlotte , Massolt Elske T. , Castro Cabezas Manuel , Schouten Marlise , von Meyenfeldt Erik M. , van Ginhoven Tessa M.
Published: March 2022

Objective

To perform a qualitative evaluation of the Thyroid Network, with a quantitative analysis of second opinion referrals for patients in the southwestern part of the Netherlands who have thyroid nodules and cancer.

Methods

This prospective observational study registered all patients with thyroid nodules and cancer who were referred to the academic hospital from 2 years before and 4 years after the foundation of the Thyroid Network. We implemented biweekly regional multidisciplinary tumor boards using video conference and a regional patient care pathway for patients with thyroid nodules and cancer. For qualitative evaluation, interviews were conducted with a broad selection of stakeholders via maximum variation sampling. The primary outcome was the change in second opinions after the foundation of the Thyroid Network.

Results

Second opinions from Thyroid Network hospitals to the academic hospital decreased from 10 (30%) to 2 (7%) two years after the start of the Thyroid Network (P = .001), while patient referrals remained stable (n = 108 to 106). Qualitative evaluation indicated that the uniform care pathway and the regional multidisciplinary tumor board were valued high.

Discussion

Establishing a regional network, including multidisciplinary tumor boards and a care pathway for patients with thyroid nodules and cancer, resulted in a decrease in second opinions of in‐network hospitals and high satisfaction of participating specialists.

Implications for Practice

The concept of the Thyroid Network could spread to other regions as well as to other specialties in health care. Future steps would be to assess the effect of regional collaboration on quality of care and patient satisfaction.
Identification of ITGAX and CCR1 as potential biomarkers of atherosclerosis via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
Authors: Yan Sheng , Meng Lingbing , Guo Xiaoyong , Chen Zuoguan , Zhang Yuanmeng , Li Yongjun
Published: March 2022

Objective

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a life-threatening disease in aging populations worldwide. However, the molecular and gene regulation mechanisms of AS are still unclear. This study aimed to identify gene expression differences between atheroma plaques and normal tissues in humans.

Methods

The expression profiling dataset GSE43292 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the atheroma plaques and normal tissues via GEO2R, and functional annotation of the DEGs was performed by GSEA. STRING and MCODE plug-in of Cytoscape were used to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and analyze hub genes. Finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to verify the hub genes.

Results

Overall, 134 DEGs were screened. Functional annotation demonstrated that these DEGs were mainly enriched in sphingolipid metabolism, apoptosis, lysosome, and more. Six hub genes were identified from the PPI network: ITGAX, CCR1, IL1RN, CXCL10, CD163, and MMP9. qPCR analysis suggested that the relative expression levels of the six hub genes were significantly higher in AS samples.

Conclusions

We used bioinformatics to identify six hub genes: ITGAX, CCR1, IL1RN, CXCL10, CD163, and MMP9. These hub genes are potential promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for AS.
Profiles, Correlates and Outcomes Among Patients Experiencing an Onset of Mental Disorder Based on Outpatient Care Received Following Index Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Gabet Morgane , Cao Zhirong , Fleury Marie-Josée
Published: March 2022

Objective

This 5-year longitudinal study evaluated patients with an onset of mental disorder (MD) following index emergency department (ED) visits, in terms of (1) patient profiles based on 12-month outpatient follow-up care received, (2) sociodemographic and clinical correlates, and (3) adverse health outcomes for the subsequent 2 years.

Methods

Data from administrative databases were collected for 2541 patients with an onset of MD, following discharge from Quebec ED. Latent class analysis was performed to identify patient profiles based on the adequacy of follow-up care after ED discharge. Bivariate analyses examined associations between class membership and sociodemographic and clinical correlates, high ED use (3 + visits/yearly), hospitalizations, and suicidal behaviors.

Results

Five classes of patients were identified. Class 1, the smallest, labeled “patient psychiatrist only,” included mainly young patients with serious MD. Classes 2 and 3, roughly 20%, were labeled “high use of patient general practitioner (GP) and psychiatrist” and “low use of patient GP and psychiatrist,” respectively. Both included patients with complex MD, but Class 2 had more women and older patients with chronic physical illnesses. The 2 largest classes were labeled “no usual patient service provider” (Class 5) and “patient GP only” (Class 4). Class 5 included more younger men with substance-related disorders, while Class 4 had the older patients living in rural areas, many with common MD and chronic physical illnesses. Class 3 patients had the poorest outcomes, followed by Classes 1 and 2, while Classes 4 and 5 had the best outcomes.

Conclusions

Results revealed that nearly 40% of patients experiencing an onset of MD received little or no outpatient care following ED discharge. Higher severity or complexity of MD and, to a lesser extent, no or low GP follow-up may explain these adverse outcomes. More adequate, continuous care, including collaborative care, is needed for these vulnerable, high-needs patients.
Effect of telemedicine via videoconference on provider fatigue and empathy: Implications for the Quadruple Aim
Authors: Myronuk Lonn
Published: March 2022

Telemedicine via videoconferencing rapidly deployed during the COVID-19 pandemic reduces contact and opportunity for virus transmission, with Quadruple Aim benefits of improved population health and associated cost avoidance of COVID-related illness. Patient experience of telemedicine has generally been positive, but widespread use of videoconferencing outside of healthcare has brought growing recognition of associated mental fatigue. Experience in telepsychiatry shows attending to non-verbal communication and maintaining empathic rapport requires increased mental effort, making provider experience more sensitive to cumulative fatigue effects. Since empathy and therapeutic alliance are foundational to all physician-patient relationships, these telepsychiatry findings have implications for telehealth generally. Health leaders and providers planning for sustainable incorporation of videoconferencing into ongoing healthcare delivery should consider the potential for unintended negative effects on provider experience and burnout.
Evaluation for the performance of heat transfer process in a double pipe heat exchanger using nanofluids
Authors: Hassaan Amr M.
Published: March 2022

This research investigates the effects of employing nanofluids in a tubular heat exchanger on the heat transfer process. The performance of employing water as a base fluid and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with a varying concentration nanofluid as operational fluids was investigated in an experimental investigation. The current study makes use of an Armfield Heat Exchanger (HT31) and an Armfield heat exchange service unit (HT30X). Five volumetric concentrations of nanomaterials were used to make nanofluids (0.22%, 0.33%, 0.66%, 1.1%, 1.53%). The Reynolds number of the flow inside the tube ranged from 1598 to 8000. By measuring the variables, the overall heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, friction factor, and mean Nusselt number are computed. The overall heat transfer coefficient increases as the concentration of MWCNTS and the mass of flow increase, according to the experimental data. In comparison to distilled water, the Nusselt number value has increased by 68%, this increase is due to the nanoparticles’ volume concentration. Pressure drop values increase significantly when nanofluids are used. The friction factor increases as the volume concentration of nanoparticles increases. A relationship between Reynolds number and MWCNT volume concentration is proposed for computing the Nusselt number. An acceptable agreement may be found by comparing the results of the current investigation to the literature.
Fatal Respiratory Failure in a Term Newborn Due to Non-previously Described Compound Heterozygous ABCA3 Mutations
Authors: Fernández Irene Sanz , Raposo Marta Brezmes , Francisco César Villa , Orriols Juan José Tellería , Rodríguez María Miñambres , Temprano Marianela Marcos , Velázquez María Pino , García-Abril Carmen Fernández , Pozo Vanesa Matías del , Barrezueta Lorena Bermúdez , Gutiérrez Marta Benito , Vázquez Asunción Pino
Published: March 2022

The adenosine triphosphate binding cassette member A3 (ABCA3) is a lipid transporter involved in pulmonary surfactant biogenesis. ABCA3 deficiency is increasingly being recognized as a cause of respiratory distress syndrome in term neonates. The clinical spectrum and severity of lung disease caused by

ABCA3 mutations vary widely. We present a term newborn who presented respiratory distress short afterbirth. Despite treatment and supportive care, she developed a refractory progressive hypoxic respiratory failure and she died. She received repeated surfactant doses always with transient improvement. She was found to be a compound heterozygote for 2 non-previously described ABCA3 gene mutations, one inherited from each parent.
Late side effects of cancer treatment in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Keikhaei Bijan , Bahadoram Mohammad , Keikha Amin , Bahadoram Sara , Hassanzadeh Shakiba , Mahmoudian-Sani Mohammad-Reza
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Childhood cancers are usually treated with chemotherapy and radiation. Therefore, understanding the late side effects of such treatments is important to improve the quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. The present study aimed to investigate the late complications of treatments in childhood cancer survivors.

Methods

This study is a retrospective descriptive study. A total number of 93 cases were enrolled in this study. These cases had a history of childhood cancer documented in their medical records at the Shafa Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran. The age range was 5.9–21.3 years and included 62 males and 31 female patients.

Results

Many of the patients at this hospital with childhood cancer had experienced chemotherapy side effects as well as late effects of cancer therapy. Hypothyroidism is a late complication of therapy in thoracic cancers and head/neck tumors with relative frequencies of 23.1% and 12.5%, respectively. Scoliosis was observed in the patients undergoing the ABVD + COPP and 8/1 regimens with relative frequencies of 4% and 50%, respectively. Lower growth percentiles were also late side effects of cancer therapy. The highest relative frequency of growth retardation was observed in the <5 age group (46.7%). Restrictive lung changes had an overall relative frequency of 6.5% in male patients with all types of tumors. Sensorineural hearing loss was observed in patients with leukemia and Hodgkin lymphoma with relative frequencies of 8.7% and 24.0, respectively.

Conclusion

The occurrence of most side effects could be decreased through early diagnosis, dose adjustment of some drugs, and preventative measures.
‘Why don't you really learn anything in PEH?’ – Students’ experiences of valid knowledge and the basis for assessment in physical education and health (PEH)
Authors: Modell Nina , Gerdin Göran
Published: March 2022

The overall aim of this study was to explore how upper secondary school students (age 16–19) in Sweden perceive physical education and health (PEH) through the assessment practices they experience in this subject. In particular, the study aimed to examine the students’ experiences of what can be considered as valid knowledge and what the students perceive to form the basis for assessment in PEH. Data were collected by conducting focus group interviews with a total of 38 students from four different upper secondary schools in southern Sweden. The focus groups cohered around discussing three different vignettes that were constructed based on various ‘pedagogical dilemmas’ identified through earlier research on valid knowledge and assessment in PEH. Data were analysed by drawing on Scott's (2008) institutional theory in order to demonstrate how regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive conditions shape practices and assessment in PEH. The results highlight that there is a misalignment between curriculum objectives and assessment in Swedish PEH practice, where the cultural-cognitive conditions as strongly associated with club sports are more influential in the construction of valid knowledge and assessment practice than the regulative and normative conditions as stipulated in the PEH curriculum. The results also demonstrate that there is an ongoing prioritisation of practical over theoretical knowledge in PEH practice, involving an emphasis on doing and being active without any clear learning objectives. It is argued that clearly communicated learning objectives and assessment criteria can help achieve a better alignment between curriculum intentions, pedagogy and assessment in PEH.
Entangled in the technology-driven borderscape: Border crossers rendered to their digital self
Authors: Ferraris Valeria
Published: March 2022

EU management of migration is undergoing an unprecedented transformation because of the use of databases and information systems. Drawing on the concept of border performativity, this article discusses how data is transforming the border. In particular, the article focuses on 1) how the EU JHA databases are evolving, from separate systems each with one purpose to multi-purpose databases, and 2) how the new EU plan – the interoperability regulation – connects and merges biometric and biographical data, as part of a shift from a silo-based approach towards a single centralised information system. The article – based on results of several research projects carried out between 2011 and 2019 adopting mixed methodology – discusses the border crossers’ role in challenging this digital border control, both in light of the current practices of data collection and processing and newly approved EU regulations. The article argues that the transformation of border control practices into practices driven by data processing makes it more difficult for border crossers to manoeuvre the system and legally challenge decisions based on data processing, thus, hampering the transformation of the border from below.
Implementing a Produce Prescription Program in Partnership With a Community Coalition
Authors: Stevenson Laurel Dolin , Lucarelli Jennifer , Stewart Scott A. , Acosta Sonia , Yoakum Bethany , Yoakum Coleman
Published: March 2022

Healthy eating reduces risk for chronic disease, but can be out of reach for many Americans experiencing food insecurity. Produce Prescription Programs (PPPs) have emerged as an intervention to address barriers related to fruit and vegetable consumption. Using a social prescribing model, PPPs connect patients with referrals to community resources to reduce barriers to healthy eating. There is evidence of success of PPPs at improving dietary intake, yet little discussion within the literature of practical aspects of implementation. As interest grows around establishing PPPs within communities, increased attention to strategic planning and implementation remains necessary to develop robust and effective programming. We describe implementing the Pontiac Prescription for Health pilot program, highlighting the participatory planning process with partners. Development and implementation included a program model, recruitment methods and materials, a voucher contract and tracking system with produce vendors, physical activity opportunities, culturally competent health education sessions, and evaluation tools. We offer insight into lessons learned and practical implications for future “on-the-ground” planning and implementation. Engaging in a rigorous participatory planning process with all community partners, allowing adequate time to establish service agreements and a voucher system with vendors, and engaging program participants in different ways and spaces throughout the community can enhance program success.
Temporary Reperfusion of the Aneurysm Sac as a Prevention of Spinal Cord Ischemia After Endovascular Treatment of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Spinella Giovanni , Finotello Alice , Pisa Fabio Riccardo , Conti Michele , Pratesi Giovanni , Pane Bianca , Lanzarone Ettore
Published: March 2022

Background

Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is still a feared complication for patients suffering from thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) who undergo endovascular treatment. The aims of this work are to review the available literature on different reperfusion methods of the aneurysm sac, and to analyze whether the different reperfusion methods, also in combination with other factors, are effective in reducing SCI risk and if the impact varies with the patient’s age.

Methods

PubMed/MEDLINE library was searched for studies published until November 2020 concerning TAAA, endovascular repair, and SCI preventive measures. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria. Primary outcome consisted of correlation between endovascular repair techniques (type A: single step; type B: staged approach with reperfusion branches; type C: staged sequential approach with positioning of the thoracic component). A logistic-weighted regression for each event (SCI, transient, and permanent) was then performed with type of treatment, age, and interaction between them as input factors. Finally, another logistic-weighted regression was performed to analyze the other relevant factors for which observations are available together with the endovascular technique.

Results

Data from 53 studies with a total of 3095 patients were analyzed. Type A, type B, and type C endovascular strategies were adopted in 75%, 13%, and 12% of studied patients, respectively. Data showed that both type B and type C treatments are associated with lower risk of SCI, with a higher reduction of type C with respect to type B, although this positive trend is limited for elder patients. Moreover, a greater aortic diameter, a reduced aneurysm extent, and the absence of cerebrospinal fluid drainage positioning contribute to lower the risk of SCI. Concerning permanent SCI, both type B and type C are effective in reducing percentages for all ages, with type C treatment more beneficial for younger patients and type B for elder ones.

Conclusion

According to the anatomy and the endovascular repair feasibility criteria, staged endovascular treatment appears to offer relevant advantages over single-step treatment in reducing the risk of SCI, regardless of the reperfusion method adopted.
A New and Alternative Route: Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Scarless Surgery (vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery) For Class 2 and Class 3 Obese Patients Suffering From Benign and Malignant Gynecologic Pathologies
Authors: Kale Ahmet , Mat Emre , Başol Gülfem , Gündoğdu Elif C. , Aboalhasan Yasmin , Yildiz Gazi , Kuru Betül , Kale Ebru , Usta Taner , Altıntaş Mehmet , Demirhan Recep
Published: March 2022

Background. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) gynecologic scarless surgery in benign and malignant class 2 and class 3 obese patients. Materials and methods. The class 2 and class 3 obese women undergoing vNOTES scarless surgery for benign and malign indications at a tertiary referral medical center between January 2019 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and surgical outcomes were measured. Results. In this study, 81 class 2 and class 3 obese patients underwent gynecological procedures using vNOTES scarless surgery. Of the 81 operations, 55 of the class 2 obese patients with benign pathologies, and 26 of the class 3 obese patients had malign pathologies. No conversion to conventional laparoscopy or even laparotomy was needed in any of the procedures. All of the surgeries were performed by the same surgeon (Prof. Dr Ahmet Kale). vNOTES scarless surgery was performed on 26 class 3 obese patients with malign pathologies. Of the 26 class 3 obese patients, 22 of the class 3 obese patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma had very high mean body mass index 41.5 kg/m2 (range 20.6–56) and 4 of the class 3 obese patients had ascites with unknown cause and diagnosed with peritoneal carcinomatosis. The mean postoperative pain VAS scores of class 2 obese patients undergoing vNOTES scarless surgery with benign pathology at 6, 12, and 24 h were 3.19, 1.11, and .66, respectively, and the mean postoperative pain VAS scores of class 3 obese patients underwent vNOTES scarless surgery with malign pathology at 6, 12, and 24 h were 3.30, 1.76, and 1.03, respectively. Conclusion. vNOTES scarless surgery is an alternative surgical method for diagnosis and treatment not only in benign obese cases, but also in severely obese patients with early stage endometrial cancer and patients had with ascites with unknown cause. In the near future, vNOTES scarless surgery will become more preferable by experienced surgeons in benign and malignant obese cases as it has increased satisfaction with esthetic results such as less pain, and improved postoperative quality of life in the short and long term.
Combined scouring-bleaching of cotton fabric from wild yam root
Authors: Amanuel Lami
Published: March 2022

The conventional single-stage pre-treatment technique requires more electricity, is more expensive, polluting, harmful, and unhealthy because it uses artificial chemical compounds and auxiliaries. This research focuses on environmentally friendly and cost-effective textiles scouring-bleaching of cotton fabric with saponin and wild yam (Dioscorea villosa L.) root powder. The root of the wild yam contains alkaloids, amylose starch, and saponin. The investigations discovered important findings in cotton wet processing by developing a safe, water- and electricity-saving scouring method. Cotton fabric, along with the utilization of wild yam roots resulted in a significant cost effective method. As a result, it was used as a natural surfactant, foam stabilizer, and emulsifier in this scouring. The single stage Bot scouring was optimized with 40 g of untamed yam and a weight to volume (MLR in W/V) (weight of fabric to water) ratio of 1:10 at 80°C for 60 min on a pH of 5–7. The treatment’s effectiveness was measured using a weight reduction percentage and an absorbency test (a drop of water, capillary upward thrust, sinking time). In terms of weight reduction, water absorbency, capillary boost, as well as amazing friendliness, scouring cotton fabric with wild yam powder at optimized scouring conditions is comparable to scouring cotton fabric with 30% (at the weight of cloth) caustic soda. To verify the fabric samples’ resistance to microbiological development and strength maintenance, wild yam and Caustic soda scoured cotton fabrics were subjected to a soil burial test. The fabric sample scoured with wild yam has a much lesser standard deviations of toughness and elongation at break than the caustic soda scoured and untreated control samples. The Single stage scouring of cotton fabric with wild yam powder met the requirements for green scouring while also providing antibacterial qualities.
Platinum-based chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: impact of mutations in the homologous recombination repair and Fanconi anemia genes
Authors: Emelyanova Marina , Pudova Elena , Khomich Darya , Krasnov George , Popova Anna , Abramov Ivan , Mikhailovich Vladimir , Filipenko Maxim , Menshikova Sofia , Tjulandin Sergey , Pokataev Ilya
Published: March 2022

Background:

Mutations in homologous recombination (HR) and Fanconi anemia (FA) genes may predispose to pancreatic cancer (PC) and enable the prediction of sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. FOLFIRINOX is a standard treatment option for non-selected PC patients and could be effective due to undiagnosed DNA repair deficiency. Here, we aimed to determine the frequency of mutations in genes involved in the HR and FA pathways, evaluate their clinical implications, and determine the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of PC patients treated with platinum.

Methods:

We performed targeted DNA sequencing of 30 genes ( ABRAXAS1, ATM, ATR, BARD1, BLM, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDKN2A, CHEK1, CHEK2, FANCC, FANCF, FANCG, FANCI, FANCL, FANCM, MRE11A, NBN, PALB2, PTEN, RAD50, RAD51C, RAD51D, RAD52, RAD54B, RBBP8, RINT1, SLX4, and XRCC2) for 543 PC patients.

Results:

In BRCA/PALB2-mutated patients with advanced PC (33 patients, 6.1%), the PFS and OS were higher for first-line platinum therapy than for non-platinum therapy [PFS: HR = 0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.10–0.81, p = 0.02; OS: HR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.08–1.16, p = 0.08]. Among 93 patients (17.1%) with mutations in other HR/FA genes, no statistically significant difference in PFS and OS was observed between first-line platinum therapy and non-platinum therapy (PFS: HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.43–1.62, p = 0.59; OS: HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.28–1.22, p = 0.15). For patients with early PC, no prognostic value was observed for BRCA1/2, PALB2, or other HR/FA genes mutations. Moreover, a personal history of breast, ovarian, pancreatic, or prostate cancer was identified as the only independent predictor of the risk of BRCA/PALB2 mutations (HR = 5.83, 95% CI = 2.16–15.73, p < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Mutations in the BRCA1/2 and PALB2 genes increase the sensitivity of PC to platinum agents. Thus, alterations in these genes in PC patients must be determined prior to anticancer therapy.
Measuring sedentary behavior using waist- and thigh-worn accelerometers and inclinometers – are the results comparable?
Authors: Kalisch Tobias , Theil Christoph , Gosheger Georg , Ackmann Thomas , Schoenhals Isabell , Moellenbeck Burkhard
Published: March 2022

Background:

Objective sensor-based quantification of sedentary behavior is an important tool for planning and evaluating interventions for excessive sedentary behavior in patients with musculoskeletal diseases. Although waist-worn accelerometers are the standard for physical activity (PA) assessment, only thigh-worn inclinometers can clearly distinguish sedentary behavior from any light PA or standing activity.

Methods:

In this study, 53 adults (ages 20–85 years) wore two ActiGraph wGT3X-BT monitors, each containing an inclinometer and accelerometer (set for acquisition of slow movements in all three planes), attached to the right waist and thigh for a period of about 4 days. Both monitors recorded total sedentary time and continuous sedentary 10-min bouts by synchronous accelerometry and inclinometry. Differences and correlations between methods and wearing positions were evaluated against participant age, body mass index (BMI), and number of steps taken. Thigh-worn inclinometry was used as reference.

Results:

Data from thigh-worn inclinometry and waist-worn accelerometry were highly correlated for total sedentary time [rho = 0.888; intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.937] and time in sedentary bouts (rho = 0.818; ICC = 0.848). Nevertheless, accelerometry at the waist underestimated sedentary time by ≈17% ( p < 0.001) and time in sedentary bouts by ≈54% ( p < 0.001). A satisfactory concordance thus could be demonstrated only for total sedentary time, based on the Bland–Altmann method (≈96% of data within the limits of agreement). The differences between waist-worn accelerometry and thigh-worn inclinometry did not correlate with age but did correlate with BMI and PA for both sedentary behavior parameters ( r ⩾ 0.240, p ⩽ 0.043).

Conclusion:

A waist-worn accelerometer can be used to determine total sedentary time under free-living conditions with sufficient accuracy if the correct settings are chosen. Further investigations are necessary to investigate why short sedentary bouts cannot be reliably assessed.

Trial registration:

DRKS00024060 (German Clinical Trials Register)
Infective endocarditis in an adult with unrepaired corrected transposition
Authors: Tominaga Yuji , Ueno Takayoshi , Taira Masaki , Miyagawa Shigeru , Sawa Yoshiki
Published: March 2022

We report a case of a 28-year-old man with unrepaired congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis who presented with septic shock due to infective endocarditis by Abiotrophia defectiva. The cardiac catheterization had the risk of vegetation scattering. Without invasive hemodynamic assessment, the degree of pulmonary stenosis and left ventricle preparation as a systemic ventricle could not be accurately determined, making surgical planning difficult. We chose a staged approach with pulmonary valve replacement first for source control, followed by a more definitive operation following recovery from endocarditis.
Impact of Parental Adverse Childhood Experiences on Offspring Development in Early Head Start: Parental Adversity and Offspring Development
Authors: Miccoli Antonela , Song Joanne , Romanowicz Magdalena , Howie Flora , Simar Sandy , Lynch Brian A.
Published: March 2022

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that can cause lifelong suffering, with 1 out of 2 children in the United States experiencing at least 1 ACEs. The intergenerational effect of ACEs has been described, but there’s still paucity of knowledge of its impact on child development and behavior in children enrolled in Early Head Start (EHS) home visiting programs. A retrospective observational study was performed with 71 parents and 92 children participating in the EHS Home Visiting Program in Olmsted County from 2014 to 2019. Parents reported their own ACEs using a 10-item questionnaire. Children’s social-emotional status was evaluated with Devereux Early Childhood Assessment Second Edition (DECA) and development was evaluated using the Brigance Early Childhood Screens III. Referrals of children by EHS staff to community agencies were recorded. The association between parental ACEs score, developmental outcomes and referrals was analyzed. Parental ACEs score of 4 or more was associated with failing at least 1 domain on the Brigance screen ( P = .02) especially adaptive/cognitive domain ( P = .05), and increased risk of referral to community resources ( P < .001). However, there was no association between ACEs scores and failing DECA screens. We identified an intergenerational association between parental exposure to ACEs and risk for childhood developmental delay and referrals to community services. Parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have intergenerational effects on offspring. In our study, parental ACEs are associated with offspring developmental delays and referral to community resources. Screening for parental adverse childhood experiences, a key social determinant of health, is imperative and should be incorporated into primary care and early childhood settings to identify children at risk for developmental delay.
Evaluation of a Lifestyle and Weight Management Program Within Rural General Practice
Authors: Harding Catherine , Seal Alexa , Mills Narelle
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Australia has one of the highest rates of obesity in the developed world. In response to increasing rates of overweight and obesity in rural Australia, one regional primary health network commissioned the development of a multi-faceted weight and lifestyle management program, addressing nutrition, physical activity, and psychological approaches to behavioral change. This study evaluated the success of the program that was implemented in multiple general practices within regional New South Wales.

Methods:

De-identified data were received from 16 general practices that participated in the Murrumbidgee Lifestyle and Weight Management Program (MLWMP). Patient weight outcome and functional status measures were determined using descriptive statistics (SPSS).

Results:

Mean body mass index (BMI) of the 1217 participants was 37.4 kg/m2 and 75% of participants were female. Almost 40% of participants who had a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 had been diagnosed with a mental health condition. Upon completion of the program at 6 months, participants had lost an average of 3.2 kg. Over 31% of participants had lost at least 5% of their initial weight and 40% had reduced their waist circumference by at least 5 cm. Overall health and functional status measures were significantly higher upon program completion. There were significant improvements in quality of life measures regardless of level of weight loss during the program.

Conclusions:

The MLWMP, implemented in general practices within rural and regional Australia, had positive effects on both practices and participants demonstrating the value of intervention programs in primary care. Participants achieved a modest reduction in BMI, waist circumference, and weight. Further work is needed to determine the longer-term success of the program.
Clipping of an Aortopulmonary Window in a Small Neonate With Bronchial Bleeding: A Simple Solution for a Complex Condition
Authors: Martens Thomas , Vandekerckhove Kristof , Decaluwe Wim , François Katrien , Bové Thierry
Published: March 2022

Although the conventional treatment of aortopulmonary (AP) window consists of reconstructive surgery with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), some conditions like low birth weight or active respiratory tract bleeding may lead to diverting therapeutic options. We present a case of a premature 1.9 kg neonate with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension based on the association of an AP window and large patent ductus arteriosus. Because of intrabronchial hemorrhage, a conservative strategy was chosen excluding the need for heparinization and CPB. Through median sternotomy, the ductus arteriosus and AP window were clipped, effectively occluding both shunts. The postoperative course was uneventful with a rapid decrease of pulmonary artery pressure. Although classical surgical reconstruction is still advocated as primary therapy, this case illustrates the suitability of an alternative approach without the need for CPB and full heparinization in a patient with an increased risk of bleeding complications.
Impact of Sovereign Credit Rating Disclosure on Chinese Financial Market
Authors: Li Chunling , Pervaiz Khansa , Khan Muhammad Asif , Khan Muhammad Atif , Oláh Judit
Published: March 2022

The sustainable economic role of the financial markets is essential for a trade-dependent economy such as China. Notably, the Chinese financial market has shown some unpleasant trends over the past two decades, coupled with the mounting national debt. Most of the earlier literature on the impact of the sovereign credit rating (SCR) on the financial market development (FMD) of China is confined to the event study approach, which provides policy input for short-term decision making. In this scenario, it is worthwhile investigating how the SCR asymmetrically affected the FMD of China and the threshold point (level) where the relationship of SCR-FMD turns non-linear. The Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag model’s empirical findings show that the reaction of FMD to SCR disclosure is asymmetric. In addition, the result of the threshold estimator finds a single threshold level of 3.628 above which the relationship of SCR-FMD turns non-linear. It is important to note that up to a threshold of 3.628 the coefficient is −.516 and −.627 which turns positive afterwards, no matter whether the variation explained is relatively less with the coefficient of .058 and .056 respectively. This implies that policymakers and regulators need to consider this benchmark of 3.628 to formulate future policy matters related to the equity market.
Artificial Intelligence-Generated and Human Expert-Designed Vocabulary Tests: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yunjiu Luo , Wei Wei , Zheng Ying
Published: March 2022

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have the potential to reduce the workload for the second language (L2) teachers and test developers. We propose two AI distractor-generating methods for creating Chinese vocabulary items: semantic similarity and visual similarity. Semantic similarity refers to antonyms and synonyms, while visual similarity refers to the phenomenon that two phrases share one or more characters in common. This study explores the construct validity of the two types of selected-response vocabulary tests (AI-generated items and human expert-designed items) and compares their item difficulty and item discrimination. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Seventy-eight students from Beijing Language and Culture University were asked to respond to AI-generated and human expert-designed items respectively. Students’ scores were analyzed using the two-parameter item response theory (2PL-IRT) model. Thirteen students were then invited to report their test taking strategies in the think-aloud section. The findings from the students’ item responses revealed that the human expert-designed items were easier but had more discriminating power than the AI-generated items. The results of think-aloud data indicated that the AI-generated items and expert-designed items might assess different constructs, in which the former elicited test takers’ bottom-up test-taking strategies while the latter seemed more likely to trigger test takers’ rote memorization ability.
Affect-Dynamic Signatures of Psychosis Risk Across Multiple Time Scales and Contexts
Authors: Li Lilian Y. , Schiffman Jason , Martin Elizabeth A.
Published: March 2022

There is a critical need for identifying time-sensitive and cost-effective markers of psychosis risk early in the illness course. One solution may lie in affect dynamics, or the fluctuations of affect across time, which have been demonstrated to predict transitions in psychopathology. Across three studies, the current research is the first to comprehensively investigate affect dynamics in relation to subthreshold positive symptoms (perceptual aberration and magical ideation) and negative symptoms (social anhedonia) of the psychosis spectrum. Across multiple time scales and contexts, we modeled affect dynamics from inexpensive laboratory paradigms and social-media text. Findings provided strong evidence for positive symptoms linked to heightened magnitude and frequency of affective fluctuations in response to emotional materials. Alternatively, negative symptoms showed modest association with heightened persistence of baseline states. These affect-dynamic signatures of psychosis risk provide insight on the distinct developmental pathways to psychosis and could facilitate current risk-detection approaches.
A Modified Pugh Matrix Method for Continuous Performance Evaluation of Employees
Authors: Sreejith S. S. , Mathirajan M.
Published: March 2022

Although researchers recommend the continuous performance evaluation of employees (CPEE), literature is scant about a procedural framework for CPEE. This article aims to develop a simple and robust method for CPEE using the modified Pugh matrix method (MPMM). The criteria for CPEE are compared pairwise using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), followed by a comparison of employees using MPMM to determine and rank the employees based on their performance. The proposed method is successfully validated in an organisation, and the working mechanism of MPMM is demonstrated. Implications of the proposed method for CPEE and the scope for future work are also discussed.