bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fusarium graminearum in Stored Wheat: Use of CO2 Production to Quantify Dry Matter Losses and Relate This to Relative Risks of Zearalenone Contamination under Interacting Environmental Conditions
Authors: Garcia-Cela Esther , Kiaitsi Elsa , Sulyok Michael , Medina Angel , Magan Naresh
Published: February 2018

Zearalenone (ZEN) contamination from Fusarium graminearum colonization is particularly important in food and feed wheat, especially during post-harvest storage with legislative limits for both food and feed grain. Indicators of the relative risk from exceeding these limits would be useful. We examined the effect of different water activities (aw; 0.95–0.90) and temperature (10–25 °C) in naturally contaminated and irradiated wheat grain, both inoculated with F. graminearum and stored for 15 days on (a) respiration rate; (b) dry matter losses (DML); (c) ZEN production and (d) relationship between DML and ZEN contamination relative to the EU legislative limits. Gas Chromatography was used to measure the temporal respiration rates and the total accumulated CO2 production. There was an increase in temporal CO2 production rates in wetter and warmer conditions in all treatments, with the highest respiration in the 25 °C × 0.95 aw treatments + F. graminearum inoculation. This was reflected in the total accumulated CO2 in the treatments. The maximum DMLs were in the 0.95 aw/20–25 °C treatments and at 10 °C/0.95 aw. The DMLs were modelled to produce contour maps of the environmental conditions resulting in maximum/minimum losses. Contamination with ZEN/ZEN-related compounds were quantified. Maximum production was at 25 °C/0.95–0.93 aw and 20 °C/0.95 aw. ZEN contamination levels plotted against DMLs for all the treatments showed that at ca. <1.0% DML, there was a low risk of ZEN contamination exceeding EU legislative limits, while at >1.0% DML, the risk was high. This type of data is important in building a database for the development of a post-harvest decision support system for relative risks of different mycotoxins.
An On-Site Simultaneous Semi-Quantification of Aflatoxin B1, Zearalenone, and T-2 Toxin in Maize- and Cereal-Based Feed via Multicolor Immunochromatographic Assay
Authors: Xu Lin , Zhang Zhaowei , Zhang Qi , Zhang Wen , Yu Li , Wang Du , Li Hui , Li Peiwu
Published: February 2018

Multiple-mycotoxin contamination has been frequently found in the agro-food monitoring due to the coexistence of fungi. However, many determination methods focused on a single mycotoxin, highlighting the demand for on-site determination of multiple mycotoxins in a single run. We develop a multicolor-based immunochromatographic strip (ICS) for simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and T-2 toxin in maize- and cereal-based animal feeds. The nanoparticles with different colors are conjugated with three monoclonal antibodies, which serve as the immunoassay probes. The decrease in color intensity is observed by the naked eyes, providing simultaneous quantification of three mycotoxins. The visible limits of detection for AFB1, ZEN and T-2 are estimated to be 0.5, 2, and 30 ng/mL, respectively. The cut-off values are 1, 10, and 50 ng/mL, respectively. Considerable specificity and stability are found using real samples. The results are in excellent agreement with those from high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The multi-color ICS boasts sensitive and rapid visual differentiation and simultaneous semi-quantification of aflatoxin B1, zearalenone and T-2 toxin in maize- and cereal-based feed samples within 20 min.
Cracking Strange Stars by Torsional Oscillations
Authors: Tonelli Francesco , Mannarelli Massimo
Published: February 2018

Strange stars are one of the possible compact stellar objects formed in the core collapse of supernovae. These hypothetical stars are made by deconfined quark matter and are selfbound. In our study, we focus on the torsional oscillations of a non bare strange star, i.e., a strange star with a thin crust made of standard nuclear matter. We construct a theoretical model assuming that the inner parts of the star are in two different phases, namely the color flavour locked phase and the crystalline colour superconducting phase. Since the latter phase is rigid, with a large shear modulus, it corresponds to a first stellar crust. Above this crust a second small crust made by standard nuclear matter is suspended thanks to a strong electromagnetic dipolar moment. We focus on the electromagnetically coupled oscillations of the two stellar crusts. Notably, we find that if a small fraction of the energy of a glitch event like a typical Vela glitch is conveyed in torsional oscillations, the small nuclear crust will likely break. This is due to the fact that in this model the maximum stress, due to torsional oscillations, is likely located near the star surface.
Chondrocytes Contribute to Alphaviral Disease Pathogenesis as a Source of Virus Replication and Soluble Factor Production
Authors: Lim Elisa X. Y. , Supramaniam Aroon , Lui Hayman , Coles Peta , Lee Wai Suet , Liu Xiang , Rudd Penny A. , Herrero Lara J.
Published: February 2018

Arthritogenic alphavirus infections often result in debilitating musculoskeletal disorders that affect the joints, muscle, and bone. In order to evaluate the infection profile of primary human skeletal muscle and chondrocyte cells to Ross River virus (RRV) in vitro, cells were infected at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1 over a period of two days. Viral titers were determined by plaque assay and cytokine expression by Bio-Plex® assays using the supernatants harvested. Gene expression studies were conducted using total RNA isolated from cells. Firstly, we show that RRV RNA is detected in chondrocytes from infected mice in vivo. Both human primary skeletal muscle and chondrocyte cells are able to support productive RRV infection in vitro. We also report the production of soluble host factors including the upregulation of heparanase (HPSE) and inflammatory host factors such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which are also present during clinical disease in humans. Our study is the first to demonstrate that human chondrocyte cells are permissive to RRV infection, support the production of infectious virus, and produce soluble factors including HPSE, which may contribute to joint degradation and the pathogenesis of disease.
Spindle-E Acts Antivirally Against Alphaviruses in Mosquito Cells
Authors: Varjak Margus , Dietrich Isabelle , Sreenu Vattipally B. , Till Bethan Eluned , Merits Andres , Kohl Alain , Schnettler Esther
Published: February 2018

Mosquitoes transmit several human- and animal-pathogenic alphaviruses (Togaviridae family). In alphavirus-infected mosquito cells two different types of virus-specific small RNAs are produced as part of the RNA interference response: short-interfering (si)RNAs and PIWI-interacting (pi)RNAs. The siRNA pathway is generally thought to be the main antiviral pathway. Although an antiviral activity has been suggested for the piRNA pathway its role in host defences is not clear. Knock down of key proteins of the piRNA pathway (Ago3 and Piwi5) in Aedes aegypti-derived cells reduced the production of alphavirus chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-specific piRNAs but had no effect on virus replication. In contrast, knock down of the siRNA pathway key protein Ago2 resulted in an increase in virus replication. Similar results were obtained when expression of Piwi4 was silenced. Knock down of the helicase Spindle-E (SpnE), an essential co-factor of the piRNA pathway in Drosophila melanogaster, resulted in increased virus replication indicating that SpnE acts as an antiviral against alphaviruses such as CHIKV and the related Semliki Forest virus (SFV). Surprisingly, this effect was found to be independent of the siRNA and piRNA pathways in Ae. aegypti cells and specific for alphaviruses. This suggests a small RNA-independent antiviral function for this protein in mosquitoes.
Validation of Satellite Estimates (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM) for Rainfall Variability over the Pacific Slope and Coast of Ecuador
Authors: Erazo Bolívar , Bourrel Luc , Frappart Frédéric , Chimborazo Oscar , Labat David , Dominguez-Granda Luis , Matamoros David , Mejia Raul
Published: February 2018

A dense rain-gauge network within continental Ecuador was used to evaluate the quality of various products of rainfall data over the Pacific slope and coast of Ecuador (EPSC). A cokriging interpolation method is applied to the rain-gauge data yielding a gridded product at 5-km resolution covering the period 1965–2015. This product is compared with the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) dataset, the Climatic Research Unit–University of East Anglia (CRU) dataset, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM/TMPA 3B43 Version 7) dataset and the ERA-Interim Reanalysis. The analysis reveals that TRMM data show the most realistic features. The relative bias index (Rbias) indicates that TRMM data is closer to the observations, mainly over lowlands (mean Rbias of 7%) but have more limitations in reproducing the rainfall variability over the Andes (mean Rbias of −28%). The average RMSE and Rbias of 68.7 and −2.8% of TRMM are comparable with the GPCC (69.8 and 5.7%) and CRU (102.3 and −2.3%) products. This study also focuses on the rainfall inter-annual variability over the study region which experiences floods that have caused high economic losses during extreme El Niño events. Finally, our analysis evaluates the ability of TRMM data to reproduce rainfall events during El Niño years over the study area and the large basins of Esmeraldas and Guayas rivers. The results show that TRMM estimates report reasonable levels of heavy rainfall detection (for the extreme 1998 El Niño event) over the EPSC and specifically towards the center-south of the EPSC (Guayas basin) but present underestimations for the moderate El Niño of 2002–2003 event and the weak 2009–2010 event. Generally, the rainfall seasonal features, quantity and long-term climatology patterns are relatively well estimated by TRMM.
Universal Screening of Young Children for Developmental Disorders: Unpacking the Controversies
Authors: Wallace Ina F.
Published: February 2018

In the past decade, American and Canadian pediatric societies have recommended that pediatric care clinicians follow a schedule of routine surveillance and screening for young children to detect conditions such as developmental delay, speech and language delays and disorders, and autism spectrum disorder. The goal of these recommendations is to ensure that children with these developmental issues receive appropriate referrals for evaluation and intervention. However, in 2015 and 2016, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care issued recommendations that did not support universal screening for these conditions. This occasional paper is designed to help make sense of the discrepancy between Task Force recommendations and those of the pediatric community in light of research and practice. To clarify the issues, this paper reviews the distinction between screening and surveillance; the benefits of screening and early identification; how the USPSTF makes its recommendations; and what the implications of not supporting screening are for research, clinical practice, and families.
Graph-Theoretic Approach to Exponential
Stability of Delayed Coupled Systems on
Networks under Periodically Intermittent
Control
Authors: Guo Beibei , Xiao Yu , Zhang Chiping
Published: February 2018

In this paper, the exponential stability of delayed coupled systems on
networks (DCSNs) is investigated via periodically intermittent control. By utilizing
graph-theoretic approach and Lyapunov function method, a novel method for stability
analysis of DCSNs is developed. Moreover, some useful and easily verifiable sufficient
conditions are presented in the form of Lyapunov-type theorem and coefficients-type
criterion. These laws reveal that the stability has a close relationship with the topol-
ogy structure of the networks. In addition, as a subsequent result, the obtained theory
is successfully applied to study the exponential stability of delayed coupled oscillators
on networks under periodically intermittent control. Finally, a numerical example is
given to validate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
A Numerical Technique for Solving Nonlinear
Singularly Perturbed Delay Differential
Equations
Authors: Kanth A.S.V. Ravi , Mohan Kumar P. Murali
Published: February 2018

This paper presents a numerical technique for solving nonlinear singu-
larly perturbed delay differential equations. Quasilinearization technique is applied
to convert the nonlinear singularly perturbed delay differential equation into a se-
quence of linear singularly perturbed delay differential equations. An exponentially
fitted spline method is presented for solving sequence of linear singularly perturbed
delay differential equations. Error estimates of the method is discussed. Numerical
examples are solved to show the applicability and efficiency of the proposed scheme.
Fuzzy Arithmetical Modeling of a Steam
Turbine and a Boiler System
Authors: Wan Mohamad Wan Munirah , Ahmad Tahir , Ab Karim Niki Anis , Ashaari Azmirul
Published: February 2018

The steam turbine and a boiler are important components of a power
generation plant. Improved effciency of a power plant leads to increase of energy
production and less waste. In this paper, a model of the power plant as a multivariable
system using fuzzy arithmetic which is based on the Transformation Method (TM)
is presented. The analytical solution is used to evaluate the state space model. The
TM is then used to quantify the in
uence of each parameter and their gain factors
are calculated to allow estimation of relative measures of uncertainty. The method is
applied to a boiler and a steam turbine systems for simulation, analysis and indication
of TM's efficiency. The efficiency of TM is presented in this paper.
A Local Radial Basis Function Method for High-Dimensional American Option Pricing Problems
Authors: Company Rafael , Egorova Vera N. , Jodar Lucas , Soleymani Fazlollah
Published: February 2018

In this work, we apply the local Wendland radial basis function (RBF) for solving the time-dependent multi dimensional option pricing nonlinear PDEs. Firstly, cross derivative terms of the PDE are removed with a change of spatial variables based in LDLT factorization of the diffusion matrix. Then, it is discussed that the valuation of a multi-asset option up to 4D can be computed using a modified shape parameter algorithm. In fact, several experiments containing of three and four assets are worked out showing that the results of the presented method are in good agreement with the literature and could be much more accurate once the shape parameter is chosen carefully.
HAZMAT. III. The UV Evolution of Mid- to Late-M Stars with GALEX
Authors: Schneider Adam C. , Shkolnik Evgenya L.
Published: February 2018

Low-mass stars are currently the most promising targets for detecting and characterizing habitable planets in the solar neighborhood. However, the ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by such stars can erode and modify planetary atmospheres over time, drastically affecting their habitability. Thus, knowledge of the UV evolution of low-mass stars is critical for interpreting the evolutionary history of any orbiting planets. Shkolnik & Barman used photometry from the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) to show how UV emission evolves for early-type M stars (>0.35 M
⊙). In this paper, we extend their work to include both a larger sample of low-mass stars with known ages as well as M stars with lower masses. We find clear evidence that mid- and late-type M stars (0.08–0.35 M
⊙) do not follow the same UV evolutionary trend as early-Ms. Lower-mass M stars retain high levels of UV activity up to field ages, with only a factor of 4 decrease on average in GALEX NUV and FUV flux density between young (<50 Myr) and old (∼5 Gyr) stars, compared to a factor of 11 and 31 for early-Ms in NUV and FUV, respectively. We also find that the FUV/NUV flux density ratio, which can affect the photochemistry of important planetary biosignatures, is mass- and age-dependent for early-Ms, but remains relatively constant for the mid- and late-type Ms in our sample.
The Odd Isotope Fractions of Barium in the Strongly r-process-enhanced (r-II) Stars*
Authors: Wenyuan Cui , Xiaohua Jiang , Jianrong Shi , Gang Zhao , Bo Zhang
Published: February 2018

We determined the f
odd,Ba values, 0.46 ± 0.08, 0.51 ± 0.09, 0.50 ± 0.13, and 0.48 ± 0.12, that correspond to the r-contribution 100% for four r-II stars, CS 29491-069, HE 1219-0312, HE 2327-5642, and HE 2252-4225, respectively. Our results suggest that almost all of the heavy elements (in the range from Ba to Pb) in r-II stars have a common origin, that is, from a single r-process (the main r-process). We found that the f
odd,Ba has an intrinsic nature, and should keep a constant value of about 0.46 in the main r-process yields, which is responsible for the heavy element enhancement of r-II stars and of our Galaxy chemical enhancement. In addition, except for the abundance ratio [Ba/Eu] the f
odd,Ba is also an important indicator, which can be used to study the relative contributions of the r- and s-processes during the chemical evolution history of the Milky Way and the enhancement mechanism in stars with peculiar abundances of heavy elements.
The Orbit of the Companion to HD 100453A: Binary-driven Spiral Arms in a Protoplanetary Disk
Authors: Wagner Kevin , Dong Ruobing , Sheehan Patrick , Apai Dániel , Kasper Markus , McClure Melissa , Morzinski Katie M. , Close Laird , Males Jared , Hinz Phil , Quanz Sascha P. , Fung Jeffrey
Published: February 2018

HD 100453AB is a 10 ± 2 Myr old binary whose protoplanetary disk was recently revealed to host a global two-armed spiral structure. Given the relatively small projected separation of the binary (1.″05, or ∼108 au), gravitational perturbations by the binary seemed to be a likely driving force behind the formation of the spiral arms. However, the orbit of these stars remained poorly understood, which prevented a proper treatment of the dynamical influence of the companion on the disk. We observed HD 100453AB between 2015 and 2017, utilizing extreme adaptive optics systems on the Very Large Telescope and the Magellan Clay Telescope. We combined the astrometry from these observations with published data to constrain the parameters of the binary’s orbit to a = 1.″06 ± 0.″09, e = 0.17±0.07, and i = 32.°5 ± 6.°5. We utilized publicly available ALMA 12CO data to constrain the inclination of the disk,

, which is relatively coplanar with the orbit of the companion and consistent with previous estimates from scattered light images. Finally, we input these constraints into hydrodynamic and radiative transfer simulations to model the structural evolution of the disk. We find that the spiral structure and truncation of the circumprimary disk in HD 100453 are consistent with a companion-driven origin. Furthermore, we find that the primary star’s rotation, its outer disk, and the companion exhibit roughly the same direction of angular momentum, and thus the system likely formed from the same parent body of material.
Multi-spacecraft Observations of the Rotation and Nonradial Motion of a CME Flux Rope Causing an Intense Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Liu Yi A. , Liu Ying D. , Hu Huidong , Wang Rui , Zhao Xiaowei
Published: February 2018

We present an investigation of the rotation and nonradial motion of a coronal mass ejection (CME) from AR 12468 on 2015 December 16 using observations from SDO, SOHO, STEREO A, and Wind. The EUV and HMI observations of the source region show that the associated magnetic flux rope (MFR) axis pointed to the east before the eruption. We use a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation to determine the configuration of the coronal magnetic field and calculate the magnetic energy density distributions at different heights. The distribution of the magnetic energy density shows a strong gradient toward the northeast. The propagation direction of the CME from a Graduated Cylindrical Shell (GCS) modeling deviates from the radial direction of the source region by about 45° in longitude and about 30° in latitude, which is consistent with the gradient of the magnetic energy distribution around the AR. The MFR axis determined by the GCS modeling points southward, which has rotated counterclockwise by about 95° compared with the orientation of the MFR in the low corona. The MFR reconstructed by a Grad–Shafranov (GS) method at 1 au has almost the same orientation as the MFR from the GCS modeling, which indicates that the MFR rotation occurred in the low corona. It is the rotation of the MFR that caused the intense geomagnetic storm with the minimum D
st of −155 nT. These results suggest that the coronal magnetic field surrounding the MFR plays a crucial role in the MFR rotation and propagation direction.
A Radio Frequency Study of the Accreting Millisecond X-ray Pulsar, IGR J16597–3704, in the Globular Cluster NGC 6256
Authors: Tetarenko A. J. , Bahramian A. , Wijnands R. , Heinke C. O. , Maccarone T. J. , Miller-Jones J. C. A. , Strader J. , Chomiuk L. , Degenaar N. , Sivakoff G. R. , Altamirano D. , Deller A. T. , Kennea J. A. , Li K. L. , Plotkin R. M. , Russell T. D. , Shaw A. W.
Published: February 2018

We present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array radio frequency observations of the new accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar (AMXP), IGR J16597−3704, located in the globular cluster NGC 6256. With these data, we detect a radio counterpart to IGR J16597−3704, and determine an improved source position. Pairing our radio observations with quasi-simultaneous Swift/XRT X-ray observations, we place IGR J16597−3704 on the radio–X-ray luminosity plane, where we find that IGR J16597−3704 is one of the more radio-quiet neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries known to date. We discuss the mechanisms that may govern radio luminosity (and in turn jet production and evolution) in AMXPs. Furthermore, we use our derived radio position to search for a counterpart in archival Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-ray Observatory data, and estimate an upper limit on the X-ray luminosity of IGR J16597−3704 during quiescence.
Spectroscopic Observations of Current Sheet Formation and Evolution
Authors: Warren Harry P. , Brooks David H. , Ugarte-Urra Ignacio , Reep Jeffrey W. , Crump Nicholas A. , Doschek George A.
Published: February 2018

We report on the structure and evolution of a current sheet that formed in the wake of an eruptive X8.3 flare observed at the west limb of the Sun on 2017 September 10. Using observations from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on Hinode and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we find that plasma in the current sheet reaches temperatures of about 20 MK and that the range of temperatures is relatively narrow. The highest temperatures occur at the base of the current sheet, in the region near the top of the post-flare loop arcade. The broadest high temperature line profiles, in contrast, occur at the largest observed heights. Furthermore, line broadening is strong very early in the flare and diminishes over time. The current sheet can be observed in the AIA 211 and 171 channels, which have a considerable contribution from thermal bremsstrahlung at flare temperatures. Comparisons of the emission measure in these channels with other EIS wavelengths and AIA channels dominated by Fe line emission indicate a coronal composition and suggest that the current sheet is formed by the heating of plasma already in the corona. Taken together, these observations suggest that some flare heating occurs in the current sheet, while additional energy is released as newly reconnected field lines relax and become more dipolar.
A Slowly Precessing Disk in the Nucleus of M31 as the Feeding Mechanism for a Central Starburst
Authors: Lockhart K. E. , Lu J. R. , Peiris H. V. , Rich R. M. , Bouchez A. , Ghez A. M.
Published: February 2018

We present a kinematic study of the nuclear stellar disk in M31 at infrared wavelengths using high spatial resolution integral field spectroscopy. The spatial resolution achieved, FWHM = 0.″12 (0.45 pc at the distance of M31), has only previously been equaled in spectroscopic studies by space-based long-slit observations. Using adaptive-optics-corrected integral field spectroscopy from the OSIRIS instrument at the W. M. Keck Observatory, we map the line-of-sight kinematics over the entire old stellar eccentric disk orbiting the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at a distance of r < 4 pc. The peak velocity dispersion is 381 ± 55 km s−1, offset by 0.″13 ± 0.″03 from the SMBH, consistent with previous high-resolution long-slit observations. There is a lack of near-infrared (NIR) emission at the position of the SMBH and young nuclear cluster, suggesting a spatial separation between the young and old stellar populations within the nucleus. We compare the observed kinematics with dynamical models from Peiris & Tremaine. The best-fit disk orientation to the NIR flux is [θ

l
, θ

i
, θ

a
] = [−33° ± 4°, 44° ± 2°, −15° ± 15°], which is tilted with respect to both the larger-scale galactic disk and the best-fit orientation derived from optical observations. The precession rate of the old disk is Ω
P
 = 0.0 ± 3.9 km s−1 pc−1, lower than the majority of previous observations. This slow precession rate suggests that stellar winds from the disk will collide and shock, driving rapid gas inflows and fueling an episodic central starburst as suggested in Chang et al.
L’influence de la rémunération fixe sur la motivation autonome au travers du soutien organisationnel perçu et ses conséquences en termes d’engagement et de satisfaction au travail
Authors: Roussillon Soyer Claude , Roussel Patrice , Charbonnier-Voirin Audrey , Bentein Kathleen , Balkin David B.
Published: February 2018

Cet article, en mobilisant la théorie de l’auto-détermination, a pour objectif d’une part de comprendre comment le niveau de rémunération fixe peut influencer la motivation autonome et d’autre part d’examiner les conséquences de la motivation autonome sur l’engagement puis la satisfaction au travail. Les mécanismes qui interviennent dans la relation entre la rémunération fixe et la satisfaction au travail, sont (1) le support organisationnel perçu (SOP) par les salariés, (2) leur motivation autonome et (3) leur engagement au travail. Les résultats de l’étude menée sur un échantillon de 147 salariés d’une coopérative vinicole supportent l’hypothèse que le SOP médiatise totalement la relation entre la rémunération fixe et la motivation autonome, de telle sorte que la rémunération influence positivement la motivation au travers de son effet sur le SOP. Cette recherche supporte également les hypothèses que la motivation autonome médiatise totalement la relation entre le SOP et l’engagement, puis que l’engagement médiatise totalement la relation entre la motivation autonome et la satisfaction au travail.
Marroquíes en España: un análisis por género de los determinantes en las migraciones familiares
Authors: Montoro-Gurich Carolina
Published: February 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar, desde la perspectiva de género, los factores incidentes en el calendario migratorio a España de personas marroquíes casadas. Para ello se emplea la información proveniente de una encuesta etnográfica (n=262 sujetos) aplicada en 2013 a población marroquí residente en Navarra, y se estiman modelos de regresión logística para predecir qué variables tienen más influencia en la reagrupación familiar acelerada de los sujetos. Los resultados muestran cómo en ambos modelos, masculino y femenino, el determinante más relevante es que la mujer trabaje en el mismo año de la reagrupación, seguido del lapso de tiempo transcurrido entre la reagrupación y 2008. Además, en el modelo masculino, es importante la consideración de si la mujer puede o no trabajar fuera de casa mientras que en el femenino, son significativas las variables relacionadas con capital social como: edad del cónyuge, hijos pequeños o jefatura del hogar. La conclusión es que la reagrupación familiar temprana en los marroquíes refleja una realidad marcada por motivaciones económicas y, también, por diferencias de género.

[fr] Ce travail analyse dans une perspective de genre les facteurs qui ont une incidence sur le calendrier migratoire vers l’Espagne des personnes marocaines mariées. En employant l’enquête ethnographique (n=262 individus) appliquée en 2014 à la population marocaine résidante en Navarre, des modèles de régression logistique ont été estimées pour prédire quelles variables ont le plus d’influence sur la réunification familiale accélérée des individus étudiés. Les résultats montrent que dans les deux modèles, masculin et féminin, le déterminant le plus remarquable c’est le fait que la femme travaille dans la même année de la réunification, suivi du laps de temps entre la réunification et 2008. De plus, dans le modèle masculin, l’opinion de l’homme sur l’occupation de la femme en dehors de son foyer est significative, et dans le féminin, les variables significatives concernent le capital social, comme: l’âge du conjoint, avoir de petits enfants et être, ou non, le chef de famille. En conclusión, la réunification familiale précoce entre les Marocains relève une réalité marquée par des motivations économiques et aussi, différences de genre.
Hacia una nueva propuesta de interpretación del paisaje agrario canario
Authors: González Morales Alejandro , Ramón Ojeda Antonio
Published: February 2018

A tenor de los cambios acontecidos en las Islas en el último medio siglo y habiendo afectado éstos a las estructuras agrarias de manera sustancial, es objeto del presente trabajo realizar una propuesta actualizada de clasificación del paisaje agrario de Canarias. Partiendo de una revisión historiográfica, se analizan las propuestas realizadas hasta la fecha, referidas a la clasificación de los paisajes agrarios insulares. Se lleva a cabo un análisis crítico de estas clasificaciones, se cuestiona su validez respecto a las condiciones y situación actuales y finalmente se propone una actualización basada en siete categorías: los paisajes del abandono, los paisajes del turismo en el campo, los paisajes de los nuevos cultivos, los paisajes de urbanización creciente y reciente en áreas rurales, los paisajes de cultivos de exportación, los paisajes de suelos cubiertos de arenas organógenas, pumitas y lapillis y, por último, los paisajes de cultivos históricos.

[fr] L´objet du présent article c´est effectuer une mise à jour de la classification des paysages agricoles qu´il y a á les Iles Canaries. Cela commence avec un examen historiographique, dans lequel sont analysées les propositions faites à ce jour, concernant le classement des paysages agricoles des îles.
On a effectué une analyse critique de ces classifications, est remise en question leur validité respect la situation courant et, enfin, il sont proposés sept catégories: les paysages de l’abandon, les paysages du tourisme dans la campagne, les paysages de nouvelles cultures, les paysages et l’urbanisation croissante récente dans les zones rurales, les paysages de cultures d’exportation, les paysages de sols couverts de sable organogène, pumita et de lapilli et, enfin, les paysages des cultures historiques.
Reviews on Modeling of Diffusion-Induced Mass Transportation in Functionally Graded Cemented Carbides
Authors: Cheng Kai Ming , Zhou Ji Xue , Xu Hui Xia , Zhang Li Jun , Du Yong
Published: February 2018

Graded sintering is the fundamental process of fabricating functionally gradient cemented carbide (FGCC). The diffusion-induced mass transport in cemented carbide can result in the formation of gradient microstructure and thusly lead to gradual changes in micro property. So far, several types of FGCC have been developed, and the factors that can influence the gradient formation are complex. Section 2 introduces the process of forming diffusion-controlled near-surface layer in WC-Ti (C,N)-Co hardmetal as well as the kinetic modeling work that reveals the key factors for the layer formation. Section 3 reviews the dual properties carbide produced under carburization atmosphere, for which the carbon content is a main factor of the gradient thickness. There are two models describing this process, representing different mass-transport mechanism of the so-called liquid phase migration (LPM) process. In section 4, previous and new results of modeling LPM in different dimensions and scales are presented, and the diffusion-controlled nature of LPM are discussed.
La pathologie comparée vue par la spectrométrie d'absorption atomique sans flamme. La dyschondroplasie tibiale (Dys. T.) des poulets de chair ou syndrome des tibias en «S» (T. en S.)
Authors: Adam J. , Pinta M.
Published: February 2018

Syndrome of Tibia in S. Comparative pathology studied by atomic absorption spectrometry. Tibia dyschondroplasie (T. Dys.) of flesh chicken. Non flame atomic absorption spectrometry is used to analyse chicken calcined bones attacked by tibia syndrome in «S» (T. Dys.) ; a disorder of elements is observed comparatively to check chicken. A relative anickelose and an increase more than 200% of K, Na, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe is shown ; iron is an antagonist of nickel.
Une nouvelle technique pour la cure chirurgicale de la rupture des ligaments croisés du genou chez le chien
Authors: Bornet Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2018

L'auteur après avoir donné un bref historique de l'évolution des techniques chirurgicales relatives à la rupture des ligaments croisés du genou et des rappels anatomiques procède à une étude de la cinétique de l'articulation et de l’étiopathogénie.

A la lumière des études précédentes l’auteur présente une nouvelle technique dont le principe est la stabilisation complète de l’articulation du genou à l'aide d’un monofil synthétique restituant les deux ligaments croisés surtout quant à leurs fonctions respectives.

Il s’agit d'une technique intracapsulaire faisant appel à des tunnelisations des condyles fémoraux et de la tête du tibia. Un soin tout particulier est apporté à la description du forage de ces tunnels ainsi qu’à la mise en place de la prothèse et la stabilisation de l'articulation.
Effets de l'adjonction d'huile de maïs à un régime alimentaire pour veaux de boucherie : I. Conséquences zootechniques
Authors: Joussellin Wilfrid , Aurousseau Bernard , Bauchart Dominique , Poissonnet P.
Published: February 2018

Eighty young male calves (French Friesian breed) were used to determine linoleic acid [C18 : 2 (n-6)] requirements and were allocated to one of the four following regimens :

Group (1) : milk substitute diet without soya lecithin (diet A) containing 2.6 % of lipids as linoleic acid ;

Group (2) : same diet but with soya lecithin (diet B) including 3.5 % of lipids as linoleic acid ;

Group (3) : same diet as in group 2 (diet B) but additionally, 5 ml of com oil were given on each morning feeding starting day 63 after the beginning of the experiment ;

Group (4) : same diet as in group 3 but 5 ml of com oil were given starting on day 6.

Both rate and efficiency of live-weight gain were improved by additionnal com oil. This increase was only significant (p < 0,05) in group 3. There were no significant differences between groups for any of the carcass characteristics studied.

Before 55 days of age, polyinsaturated fatty acids requirements were met by both diets (with or without soya lecithin) which delivered approximately 1.2 to 1.6 % of total energy as linoleic acid.

For calves older thas 2 months, linoleic acid requirements seemed to be within 1.8-2.1 % of total energy.

Addition of 5 ml of com oil to diet B starting on day 6 (group 4) induced an excess of linoleic acid and thus reduced the mean growth rate of the individuals.
Action in vitro de l'aflatoxine Bi sur les spermatozoïdes du taureau
Authors: Lemarinier Sylvie , Jacquet Jean
Published: February 2018

Les spermatozoïdes des animaux domestiques, tels qu'ils sont préparés pour l'insémination artificielle, constituent un matériel facile à se procurer, sûrement et largement utilisable dans l'expérimentation biologique, en toxicologie notamment.

L’aflatoxine Bi arrête les mouvements des spermatozoïdes de taureau en 18 h avec 2,5 µg par ml et en 30 min à 45-50 µg par ml. Le contact à 37° C au taux de 50 µg par ml provoque des lésions ultrastructurales à partir de 30 min. Elles atteignent tous les spermatozoïdes en 2 h. La membrane plasmique de l’acrosome et les mitochondries de la pièce intermédiaire sont particulièrement fragiles.
Échotomographie en temps réel de l’utérus chez la jument. Application au diagnostic de gestation
Authors: Valon François Xavier
Published: February 2018

L’échotomographic en temps réel du tractus génital par voie transrectale chez la jument a permis aux auteurs de définir les modifications physiologiques et pathologiques de cet organe. Dès le 115e jour après ta fécondation un diagnostic de gestation peut être établi. Ainsi la fréquence des résorptions embryonnaires a été précisée : pour plus de 500 diagnostics positifs, elle a été inférieure h 5 H. De plus une conduite raisonnée et efficace est proposée lors de gémellité.

Enfin des images univoques de lésions utérines sont décrites et leur corrélation avec la fécondité de la femelle est discutée.
Le renard, indicateur biologique de la pollution de l’environnement par les composés organo-chlorés et les métaux lourds
Authors: Venant A. , Cumont G. , Blancou Jean , Richou-Bac Lucien , Feinberg M.
Published: February 2018

Fox could be convenient for an ecologial monitoring because of its biology. A study with two populations of foxes from different area permits to check this possibility. Encephalon and head muscles from dead animals, killed in rabies prophylaxis plan, were analysed. Samples from plain district where organochlorine pesticides were intensively used, are contamined with heptachlore and dieldrine, whereas samples from mountain area are free of contamination.

No signifiant differences for mercury, cadmium, and lead concentrations can be demonstrated either between samples types or regions because probably no special contamination exists with heavy metals.
Méthodes d'identification et de dosage de substances thyréostatiques dans les aliments pour bovins
Authors: Comsa Eugénie , Roche-Fondeur S. , Mazzocut D. , Michaux Jean-Michel , Mouthon Gilbert
Published: February 2018

Trials for identification and quantity determination of thyreostatic compounds are experimented on bovine alimentary powders.

Among the three methods considered, the high performance liquid chromatography seems to be the most appropriate to the detection of such substances. In this study, this method is applied to the Methylthiouracil but is also suitable for the thyreostatics compounds witch may be added by fraud in the cattle's food.
Intoxication de veaux et de moutons par des engrais. Difficulté de diagnostic
Authors: Dupré Claude
Published: February 2018

En Limousin les veaux et les moutons souffrent souvent de pica. Ils lèchent alors les engrais oubliés par négligence dans les étables ou répandus sur le sol des pâtures et non encore absorbés.

Les symptômes observés ne sont pas pathognomoniques : diarrhée, laryngite, conjonctivite, cachexie et mort. Le laboratoire ne décèle aucun germe spécifique, sauf un large excès de phosphore dans le sang.

Ce diagnostic est difficile : il faut au praticien un grand sens de l’observation et il faut attacher beaucoup d’importance aux commémoratifs.
Des perturbations physiologiques relevées au niveau de l'intestin chez le mouton infesté expérimentalement par Ostertagia circumcincta
Authors: Dakkak Allal , Khallaayoune Kh.
Published: February 2018

Le temps de transit des digesta dans l’intestin, le débit, le pH et le taux de matières sèches du contenu duodénal ainsi que le taux de celles-ci dans les matières fécales ont été mesurés chez 6 agneaux munis de canules abomasale et duodénale et infestés expérimentalement par 150000 L3 de O. circumcincta. Le pH subit une augmentation à partir du 8e jour de l'infestation. Le débit duodénal augmente (491 d= 41 ml/h contre 350 ± 34 ml/h), le temps de transit intestinal diminue (6 h 15 min contre 7 h 15 min) dès le 4e jour de l’infestation. Les taux de matières sèches dans le contenu duodénal et dans les matières fécales diminuent à partir du 6e jour. Toutes ces perturbations s’accentuent entre le 8e et 32e jour. Elles sont rapportées à celles affectant la perméabilité et les activités sécrétrices de la muqueuse abomasale.
Peste porcine classique. Évolution de la maladie de 1980 à 1983
Authors: Carnero R. , Gayot Georges , Costes Colette
Published: February 2018

The analysis of the epidemiological data of the evolution of Hog Cholera during the last years in France, though it is difficult for reasons which are specified show a decrease of the incidence. If the drop is not Eerturbed by unforeseeable reasons and if it can be kept or even accelerated by the new sanitary measures the success of the eradication campaign can be envisaged with a prudent optimism.
Aerosol as a potential factor to control the increasing torrential rain events in urban areas over the last decades
Authors: Lee Seoung Soo , Li Zhanqing , Choi Yong-Sang , Jung Chang-Hoon
Published: February 2018

Abstract. This study examines the role played by aerosol in torrential rain that occurred in Seoul, which is a metropolitan area where urbanization has been rapid in the last few decades, using cloud-system resolving model (CSRM) simulations. The model results show that the inhomogeneity of the spatial distribution of aerosol concentrations or loading causes the inhomogeneity of the spatial distribution of evaporative cooling and the intensity of associated outflow around the surface. This inhomogeneity generates a strong convergence field in which torrential rain forms. With the increases in the inhomogeneity of the spatial distribution of aerosol concentrations, the occurrence of torrential rain increases. This study finds that the effects of the increases in the inhomogeneity play a much more important role in the increases in torrential rain than the much-studied effects of the increases in aerosol loading. Results in this study demonstrate that for a better understanding of extreme weather events such as torrential rain in urban areas, not only changing aerosol loading but also changing aerosol spatial distribution since industrialization should be considered in aerosol-precipitation interactions.
A coupled stochastic rainfall–evapotranspiration model for hydrological impact analysis
Authors: Pham Minh Tu , Vernieuwe Hilde , De Baets Bernard , Verhoest Niko E. C.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. A hydrological impact analysis concerns the study of the consequences of certain scenarios on one or more variables or fluxes in the hydrological cycle. In such an exercise, discharge is often considered, as floods originating from extremely high discharges often cause damage. Investigating the impact of extreme discharges generally requires long time series of precipitation and evapotranspiration to be used to force a rainfall-runoff model. However, such kinds of data may not be available and one should resort to stochastically generated time series, even though the impact of using such data on the overall discharge, and especially on the extreme discharge events, is not well studied. In this paper, stochastically generated rainfall and corresponding evapotranspiration time series, generated by means of vine copulas, are used to force a simple conceptual hydrological model. The results obtained are comparable to the modelled discharge using observed forcing data. Yet, uncertainties in the modelled discharge increase with an increasing number of stochastically generated time series used. Notwithstanding this finding, it can be concluded that using a coupled stochastic rainfall–evapotranspiration model has great potential for hydrological impact analysis.
Greenland iceberg melt variability from high-resolution satellite observations
Authors: Enderlin Ellyn M. , Carrigan Caroline J. , Kochtitzky William H. , Cuadros Alexandra , Moon Twila , Hamilton Gordon S.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Iceberg discharge from the Greenland Ice Sheet accounts for up to half of the
freshwater flux to surrounding fjords and ocean basins, yet the spatial
distribution of iceberg meltwater fluxes is poorly understood. One of the
primary limitations for mapping iceberg meltwater fluxes, and changes over
time, is the dearth of iceberg submarine melt rate estimates. Here we use a
remote sensing approach to estimate submarine melt rates during 2011–2016
for 637 icebergs discharged from seven marine-terminating glaciers fringing
the Greenland Ice Sheet. We find that spatial variations in iceberg melt
rates generally follow expected patterns based on hydrographic observations,
including a decrease in melt rate with latitude and an increase in melt rate
with iceberg draft. However, we find no longitudinal variations in melt rates
within individual fjords. We do not resolve coherent seasonal to interannual
patterns in melt rates across all study sites, though we attribute a
4-fold melt rate increase from March to April 2011 near Jakobshavn
Isbræ to fjord circulation changes induced by the seasonal onset of
iceberg calving. Overall, our results suggest that remotely sensed iceberg
melt rates can be used to characterize spatial and temporal variations in
oceanic forcing near often inaccessible marine-terminating glaciers.
Effects of native biodiversity on grape loss of four castes: testing the biotic resistance hypothesis
Authors: Nereu Mauro , Heleno Ruben H. , Lopez-Núñez Francisco , Agostinho Mário , Ramos Jaime A.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Management of agricultural landscapes can influence the biodiversity and the ecological services provided by these ecosystems, such as natural biological pest control. Viticulture is a very important economic activity in most countries with Mediterranean climate, often shaping their landscapes and culture. Grape production is affected by a number of pests and diseases, and farmers use prophylactic and response-driven pesticides to control these pests. Here we quantified the main biotic causes of crop losses in four grape castes, two red (Touriga Nacional and Baga) and two white (Arinto and Chardonnay), and evaluated the potential effect of native biodiversity to provide biotic resistance to pest outbreaks and grape losses. Specifically, the diversity and abundance of bird and insect communities in these vineyards were quantified and divided into functional guilds (pest, neutral or auxiliary), to test whether these natural communities hold the potential to naturally control grape pests (biotic resistance hypothesis) under normal vineyard management (including pesticide application regimes). A potential association between distance to the vineyard edge and grape losses was also evaluated. We recorded a very small proportion of grape losses (mean  =  0.6 %; max  =  7.5 %), with insect pests showing a preference for the castes Baga (red) and Chardonnay (white), while bird pests avoided the caste Arinto (white). Grape color did not influence losses caused by insect pests, but birds showed a preference for red castes. The caste Baga was also more vulnerable to losses caused by fungi. Despite their low impact on grape production, most insects and birds detected in the six vineyards were pests, which entails a potentially low level of biotic resistance in this highly managed agricultural ecosystem. Further research is necessary to fully evaluate the role of functional biodiversity in vineyards, particularly if alternative production processes, such as organic farming, can increase the potential of native biodiversity to protect against grape losses from pests under lower regimes of chemical spraying.