bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progreso en mejoramiento para tolerancia a endogamia en poblaciones de maíz tropical.
Authors: Vasal S. K. , Vergara N. , McLean S.
Published: October 2018

Considering interest in line and hybrid development in recent years, CIMMYT initiated a modest hybrid development effort in in 1985. Among the various activities of the hybrid program, the development of hybridoriented germplansm source with increaseed inbreeding tolerance was regarded as an important activity. In this study nine tropical poplatíons were improved for inbreeding tolerance using S3 recurrent selection. The performance of S1 bulk and full vigor F2 seed from C0, C1 and C2 was compared to evaluate progress at 3 sites in 1991-92 using split-plot design with 4 replications. The yield of SI bulk relative to F2 was used as a measure to evaluate progress for inbreeding tolerance. Among the 9 tropical populations, the population 21 exibited a yield gain of 18% followed by population 23 (10.9%). The yicld gains measured in S1 bulks werc much higher. The maximun gains occurred in Popo 23 (31.8%), Pop. 26 (30.8%) and Pop. 21 (24.0(;70). All populations exhibited gains, however, popo 26 registered a gain of 65.4% in C2 in comparison to 45% in C0. The populations 27 and 36 expressed a high level of tolerance to inbreeding in C2 (78%). In general, yield gains were associated with s!ight increments in plant height and later maturity.
Investigación en jícama (Pachyrhizus erosus) y su potencial para el desarrollo agrícola de la Región.
Authors: Mora Antonio , Morera Jorge
Published: October 2018

The yam bean (Pachyrhizus erosus) is an excellent alternative crop for the agricultural diversification in the American tropics, because the tuberous roots can be used as food and natural insecticides are produced with the rotenone extracted from the seeds. The main object of this trial was to submit the latest research findings obtained from the testing of new yam bean genotypes, under different environments in Costa Rica. Three experiments were established during April and July of 1993: 10 genotypes were evaluated at two localities, Alajuela and Turrialba, in the first two trials. The third trial conducted in Turrialba consisted of planting distances (0.10,0.15 and 0.20 m between plants. As a whole, there is a marked tendency with respect to the locality, as it was proven in consecutive trials that Alajuela is the most appropiated zone for growing yam bean. With reference to planting distances, the preliminary results suggest that at shorter distances, the larger the root production and the lower their weight. The yam bean offers an alternative to be considered for the agricultural development of the region because of itsadaptation within the farmers', systems, improving the food sustainability.
Interacción entre genotipos de frijol y aislamiento de Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. heredabilidad de la resistencia a la mustia hilachosa Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank) (Donk) en cuItivares y poblaciones F, y F2 de frijol común Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Authors: Rodríguez Emigdio , Garda Adolfo , Frías Gustavo , Beebe Steve
Published: October 2018

Meso-american and Andean eommon bean genotypes were inoeulated with mycellium of Thanatephorus cucumeris (Frank), Donk to determine: 1- The interaction among different isolations of Rhizoclonia solani, Kuhn and bean genotypes from two genetic pools, 2- the heritability of resistance to web-blight and 3- the existing genic completion between the meso-american and Andean pools, respeetively. The results found in this experiment were as follows : the strains vary depending of the origin site. Thus, the Dominican Republic and Colombian strains cause a lesser damage to the bean plants. The Panama # 1 isolation is moderately slow, and the Panama # 2 and Costa Rica caused the largest damage to the crop. The RS- 32-Cr strain was the most virulent of all. The heritabiJity shown by crossing was high which indieates that there is genic completion between the meso-ameriean and the Andean pools, respectively. The erossing of of AFR-251 x BAT-1155, in a direct and reciprocal way, showed differences in the F1 and the F2, indicating that the resistance to the disease is controlled by cytoplasmie genes as by nuclear genes. The type of resistance shown by the different evaluated crosses was horizontal and not vertical resistance.
Uso de trampas con feromona en el muestreo del pequeño barrenador del frijol, Elasmopalpus lignosellus (ZELLER) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).
Authors: Loera Jesús , Lynch Robert , Rodríguez Raúl
Published: October 2018

Pheromone traps were used to monitor adult populations of the lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller) in beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) near Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Pherocon 1C traps baited with 10 micrograms of lesser cornstalk borer pheromone in rubber septa were mast effective when placed at 0.5 m high above the ground. Traps setting in the field, along the border of the field, within the row, or across rows produced comparable captures of adult males. Pie plate sticky traps were more effective than pherocon 1C traps at 0.5 m. These two types of traps captured similar quantities of males at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 m heights. The feasibility of using these traps for monitoring' lesser cornstalk borer adults along the bean growing season is discussed.
Validación del híbrido de maíz (Zea mayz L.) de cruza doble H-512 en el estado de Veracruz, México.
Authors: Tosquy Oscar , Sierra Mauro , Rodríguez Flavio , Castillo Ramón , Castillo Joaquín , Tinoco Carlos , Sandoval Alfredo , Uribe Sergio
Published: October 2018

The outstanding results of the corn research program, with respect to the production of more efficient genotypes in the use of the available resources, as well as the development of the technology needed for its application, call for the establishment of semi-commercial plots, where such results can be tried and its kindness verified under the climate, soil and the farmers' management. The objective of this trial was to validate and show the performance of the H-512 corn hybrid on the tropical region of the State of Veracruz. Validation plots were established during the Spring-summer of 1992 at the localities of Cotaxtla, Acayucan, San Andres Tuxtla and Papantla, Yeracruz. The H-512, HCSV-23, D-471 x TTC-63, D-471 x ST- 549 and the controls VS-536, 8-830 and C-343 genotypes were included. The plots’ area was 2 hectares each, thus every genotype was planted on 0.25 ha and the cultural practices applied were the ones suggested for each zone. The H-512 hybrid registered the highest yields in Cotaxtla and Acayucan with 7605 and 6438 kg/ha, respectively. This hybrid was surpassed by the simple-cross experimental hybrid HCSV-23 in San Andres Tuxtla and Soledad de Doblado. As an average of the five localities, the H-512 showed the highest yields and registered an intermediate plant height, good husk cover, good plant and ear health and lodging resistant. It can be concluded that the H-512 hybrid adapts well to the tropical zones of Veracruz.
Estabilidad del rendimiento en híbridos de maíz por diferente orden de cruza en la producción de semilla.
Authors: Espinosa Alejandro , Tadeo Margarita , Piña del Valle Angel
Published: October 2018

When there is not a synchronized blooming of the progenitors of a double hybrid, the "criss cross" technique can be used, which consist of interchanging lines in a cross to eliminate the blooming differences; as it happens to the H-l37 double corn hybrid for the High Mexican Valleys (2200 to 2350 masl). This technique is used with this corn to ease the seed production process and to lessen the blooming differential. Five different combinations of the H-137 hybrid, as well as two trilineal hybrids (obtained with three out of the four lines of the mentioned double hybrid) were evaluated in this trial. The main objective was to define the productive capacity and stability of the different crossing orders. Three assays were conducted: two in Chapingo and one in Cuautitlan, Mexico; located at 2240 masl. The stability parameters of Eberhart and Russell (1966) were applied, defining the seven genotypes as 'stables'. The original crossing order (M37x M36) x (M17xM18) yielded 5.32 tlha and was numericalIy surpassed by all the other alternating combinations. The inverse crosses (M17xM18) x (M37xM38) and (M36xM 17) x (M37xM18) surpassed the original cross by 13.2% and 16.4%, respectively; although all the combinations were statistically similar. The two trilineal hybrids statistically surpassed all other crosses.
Las industrias de semilla de maíz de Centro América y México: relaciones entre los sectores público y privado.
Authors: López Michael
Published: October 2018

The partial results of a project from CYMMIT are presented in this article, whose objective is to determine the effects of the agricultural reforms of the corn seed industries in the developing countries, specially the role of the private and official sectors in the production of varieties and hybrids and the release of improved seeds. The analysis is based mainly on asurvey of the seed industries, conducted during 1993 and 1994. The results of the analysis of the total sale of improved seed in 1993, prices according to type and seed origin and the participation of the public and private sectors in developingimproved seed in the Central American countries and Mexico are shown here. The main result from the analysis is that the official sectors are withdrawing from the production and sale of seed, and aiming their efforts to wards breeding and germplasm development. Likewise, the private sectors are important factors of the seed production and sale. The private sector depends on the official materials for their seed sales, specially the small locally financed enterprises and cooperatives of seed producers, as well as Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO's).
Low serum bilirubin levels associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Duman Hakan , Özyurt Songül
Published: October 2018

Background

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic, progressive disease that can cause cardiovascular complications and atherosclerosis. We evaluated the relationship between serum bilirubin levels and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), as a surrogate marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, in patients with OSA.

Methods

We enrolled 84 consecutive patients with OSA. The patients underwent ultrasonography, polysomnography, and echocardiography. Blood samples were obtained from all of the subjects, which were used for biochemical comparisons. The patients were divided into groups according to cIMT values (<0.9 vs. >0.9 mm).

Results

The patient population consisted of 84 OSA patients (mean age: 54.2 + 8.0 years, 62.9% male). The OSA patients with cIMT ≥0.9 had significantly elevated high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), Oxygen desaturation index, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), and significantly lower total and indirect bilirubin levels. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that total bilirubin, hsCRP, and AHI were the independent predictors of subclinical atherosclerosis. There was a negative correlation between total bilirubin and cIMT.

Conclusions

This study showed that high hsCRP and low serum total bilirubin levels could be paving the way for the development of subclinical atherosclerosis. Simple measures such as total bilirubin may provide predictive information regarding the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with OSA.
The case of undiagnosed immunodeficiency in child from mother with leukemia anamnesis
Authors: Smiyan Olexandr , Lyndin Mykola , Romaniuk Oksana , Sikora Vladyslav , Piddubnyi Artem , Yurchenko Alla , Korobchanska Anna , Tarasova Iryna , Hyryavenko Natalia , Sikora Kateryna , Romaniuk Anatolii
Published: October 2018

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in pregnant women is rare experience, but it can complicate the gestation by increasing the risk of miscarriage and premature birth. However, the adequate carrying of the pregnancy is possible for women who suffered from leukemia in childhood and achieved the remission during the treatment. Furthermore, there are some facts about the possibility of immunosuppression in children whose parents suffer from various immunodeficiency disorders, including ALL. This clinical case demonstrates the importance of correct diagnostics in order to reveal the congenital pathologies of the immune system in children, whose parents suffered from lymphocytic leukemia, even in case of full clinical and laboratory remission for a significant period of time. In the hospital, the thread metric approach was used for sepsis diagnostics. Conducted treatment was ineffective due to the inadequate immune response in the child and lack of the targeted adjusted measures to immunodeficiency disorder. The present case demonstrates the congenital T-cells immunodeficiency in a child who was complicated by the development of acute ulceronecrotic enterocolitis after vaccination. The treatment that was targeted mainly at the agent eradication did not give the desired results due to non-responsiveness of the immune system of the child.
TEOR DE POTÁSSIO NA SOLUÇÃO DO SOLO COM USO DA TÉCNICA DE REFLECTOMETRIA NO DOMÍNIO DO TEMPO
Authors: Silva Tibério Santos Martins da , Coelho Eugênio Ferreira , Paz Vital Pedro da Silva , Vellame Lucas Melo , Santana Gessionei Da Silva
Published: October 2018

TEOR DE POTÁSSIO NA SOLUÇÃO DO SOLO COM USO DA TÉCNICA DE REFLECTOMETRIA NO DOMÍNIO DO TEMPO  Tibério Santos Martins da Silva1; Eugênio Ferreira Coelho2; Vital Pedro da Silva Paz3; Lucas Melo Vellame1; Gessionei da Silva Santana41Universidade Federal da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA tibério_s@hotmail.com2Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, BA3Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA4Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG  1 RESUMO A avaliação do teor de íons no solo no manejo da fertirrigação é complexa devido a dificuldade de obtenção em tempo real e com o mínimo de alterações na estrutura do solo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar o teor de potássio na solução do solo, a partir de modelos matemáticos ajustados, em função da condutividade elétrica da solução do solo (CEw) coletada por extrator de solução, da umidade (q) e da condutividade elétrica aparente do solo (CEa) obtidas por um equipamento de reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR). Os modelos estimaram razoavelmente a Cew e a reflectometria no domínio do tempo mostrou-se adequada para o monitoramento da concentração de potássio na solução do volume de solo molhado. UNITERMOS: TDR.  SILVA, T. S. M. da.; COELHO, E. F.; PAZ, V. P. da. S.; VELLAME, L. M.; SANTANA, G. da. S.; POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION IN SOIL SOLUTION USING TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY TECHNIQUE  2 ABSTRACT The evaluation of ion concentration in the soil under fertirrigation is complex due to the difficulty of obtaining it in real time, with a minimum of soil disturbance. This work aimed to estimate potassium concentration in soil solution as a function of soil solution electrical conductivity (CEw) collected by using water sampler, soil water content (q) and bulk electrical conductivity (CEa) obtained using a time domain reflectometry equipment (TDR). The models estimated reasonably CEw and time domain reflectometry was suitable for potassium concentration monitoring of wet soil volume solution. KEYWORDS: TDR.
Microwave-assisted pilot-scale biodiesel production and engine tests
Authors: Demir Veli Gokhan , Yuksel Hayrettin , Koten Hasan , Gul M. Zafer , Soyhan Hakan S.
Published: October 2018

A pilot-scale microwave-assisted biodiesel reactor (60 l) was designed, manufactured and utilised to produce biodiesel from sunflower, canola and soybean oils. In addition, the engine performance and exhaust emissions of sunflower-based biodiesel and its blend with petroleum diesel (B0, B5, B10, B20 and B100) were tested using a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine under constant speed and partial loads. The results carried out under microwave irradiation showed that 5 min transesterification in the presence of 1·0% potassium hydroxide and 6 : 1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio was adequate for converting pilot scales of sunflower, canola and soybean oils to biodiesel having >95·95% ester yield, >96·5% ester content, 3·5–5 mm2/s kinematic viscosity and 0·860–0·900 g/cm3 density values. The engine test data indicated that under experimental conditions, brake thermal efficiency, exhaust temperature and emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons were reduced with increase in concentration of biodiesel in the blend while emissions of nitrogen oxides and brake-specific fuel consumption were getting worse. As a result of this study, microwave technology could be adapted to a pilot-scale biodiesel batch reactor, and biodiesel suitable for use in diesel engines has been manufactured more efficiently and accomplished faster than conventional systems.
Multi-regime modelling of large congregations
Authors: Yugendar Poojari , Ravishankar Kodavanti Venkata Raghavendra
Published: October 2018

Crowd gatherings at religious occasions, fairs, transport terminals and so on can create severe threats for the crowd due to the high density of people in a certain space, with adverse outcomes such as crowd stampedes. Analyses of stream flow parameters describe the relationships among the characteristics of crowd traffic streams. A regime model chosen based on crowd density has an impact on the predicted crowd characteristics at both the micro-level (individual behaviours in a crowd) and macro-level (overall crowd behaviour). Two-regime and three-regime models were used in this study to characterise crowd traffic in different regimes such as uncongested flow, transitional flow and congested flow. A model was developed based on the better fitness of predicted data to actual observed data. Data from the Krishna Pushkaralu festival were used for the model development and the developed model was validated using data from the Medaram festival. The three-regime model was found to provide a better fit than the single- and two-regime models and it was therefore concluded that the three-regime model can be used to analyse crowd behaviour and effectively manage crowds at any large congregation.
Empreses derivades universitàries i gènere a Catalunya
Authors: Brunet Ignasi , Pastor Inma , Rodríguez Juan
Published: October 2018

Al primer capítol d'aquest llibre es desenvolupen els elements teòrics que sustenten els pressupòsits de partida d'aquesta investigació. Aquests elements tenen en compte l'àmbit més general de generació d'innovació i emprenedoria, característic de les empreses derivades, així com altres elements vinculats a la divisió sexual del treball que, sota el nostre plantejament, condicionen significativament les trajectòries d'homes i dones en la creació d'empreses i, més específicament, la creació d'empreses derivades. El segon capítol està dedicat a les qüestions metodològiques, com ara la descripció de l'univers objecte d'estudi i els mètodes i les tècniques d'investigació emprats en aquesta recerca. El tercer capítol recull una selecció de dades estadístiques secundàries amb l'objectiu de contextualitzar l'objecte d'estudi. El quart capítol suposa el gruix de la informació recollida amb aquesta investigació i està dividida en dues parts. A la primera part presentem les dades recollides en el treball de camp i que ens permeten estudiar les característiques de les empreses derivades enquestades, així com algunes característiques dels seus responsables. A la segona part presentem l'anàlisi de les entrevistes realitzades, tant a dones investigadores com a homes i dones responsables d'empresesderivades, amb l'objectiu d'estudiar les percepcions que aquestes tenen sobre la creació d'empreses i sobre la seva relació amb la divisió sexual del treball.
Automobile Commuting in Suburban High-Rise Condominium Apartments: Examining Transitions toward Suburban Sustainability in Toronto
Authors: Moos Markus , Woodside Jonathan , Vinodrai Tara , Yan Cyrus
Published: October 2018

While North American suburbs remain largely dispersed and auto-dependent, they are also increasingly heterogeneous. Although some suburbs have long been punctuated with high-rise developments, for instance rental apartments in the Canadian context, there are now a growing number of new high-rise condominium developments in suburban settings in both the US and Canada. While much is known about downtown high-rise condominium developments, there has of yet been little to no analysis of this trend in the suburbs. We offer such an analysis using Statistics Canada census data from 2016 in the Toronto metropolitan area. We focus on commuting patterns as an indicator of auto-dependence to test whether suburbs with larger shares of new high-rise condominium apartments (high-rise condo clusters) exhibit lower shares of auto commuting. The focus on auto-dependence is important because development and land use plans commonly use environmental concerns arising from heavy automobile use as a rationale for high-rise development. Our findings suggest that in Toronto suburban high-rise condo clusters offer a less auto-intensive way of living in the suburbs than traditionally has been the case in the suburban ownership market. However, this seems to be limited to particular demographic groups, such as smaller households; and suburban high-rise condos are not an evident sign of a broader transition toward suburban sustainability among the population as a whole in the Toronto case. The potential for transitions toward suburban sustainability could be enhanced with greater investments in transit infrastructure and building higher density mid-rise and ground-oriented dwellings that accommodate larger households still commonly found in low-density, auto-dependent suburbs.
‘Social Mix’ as ‘Sustainability Fix’? Exploring Social Sustainability in the French Suburbs
Authors: Carpenter Juliet
Published: October 2018

The French suburbs, or banlieues, have long been associated with marginalization and peripheralization, characterized by unemployment, a high proportion of ethnic minority populations and low education attainment levels. Since 2000, the ‘crisis’ of the banlieue has been addressed through a policy of ‘social mixing’ which aims to promote mixed communities in certain neighbourhoods, to dilute the ‘problematic elements’ of the suburbs. This ‘social sustainability fix’ however has had mixed results. Questions can be raised over whether a policy based on increasing a neighbourhood’s social mix is an appropriate sustainability fix for the suburbs, and whether it has actually resulted in the outcomes that were intended. Rather than encouraging social integration, it is argued here that the policy of social mixing reinforces segregation and has done little to tackle inequalities and social exclusion. We suggest that there are alternative solutions to the challenges of fostering social sustainability in the suburbs, which could be implemented in partnership with citizens and neighbourhoodbased groups (associations) that would be more effective in addressing social sustainability solutions in the future.
Produção de metabólitos secundários por meio da cultura de tecidos vegetais
Authors: Souza Julio Cezar de , Rescarolli Cristine Luciana de Souza , Nunez Cecília Verônica
Published: October 2018

A técnica de cultura de células e tecidos vegetais in vitro tem sido estudada para a produção de plantas e biomassa vegetal com alto padrão de qualidade fitossanitária e genética. Esta técnica se baseia na capacidade da célula vegetal de praticamente qualquer tecido, de regredir ao seu estado indiferenciado e se multiplicar e/ou redefinir nova via metabólica para tornar-se outro tipo celular, podendo gerar novos tecidos e até mesmo uma nova planta completa. O desenvolvimento vegetal in vitro depende da disponibilidade de condições ideais, como a composição do meio de cultura, balanço de reguladores de crescimento, estimulação com elicitores, entre outras. As indústrias farmacêuticas e de produtos naturais tem se beneficiado da biotecnologia vegetal através da possibilidade de produzir metabólitos secundários in vitro, produção esta que seria mais vantajosa devido à redução de tempo, qualidade e quantidade de material vegetal a ser extraído pela indústria, quando comparado à produção in natura. Segundo diversos estudos mostrados na literatura consultada, a produção destes metabólitos pode ser maior in vitro do que nos extratos de plantas de campo.
In vitro propagation of Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes under different concentrations of Indoleacetic Acid
Authors: Da Silva Simone , Pinheiro Ester Neta , Assunção Laís Medeiros , Silva Efigênia Lopes , Rodrigues Daniele Carvalho , Ferreira Flávio Freires , Marinho Vitor Rafael Pereira , Astolfi-Filho Spartaco
Published: October 2018

Psychotria ipecacuanha, é uma planta medicinal nativa da América com a maior área de ocorrência no Estado de Mato Grosso - Brasil, críticamente ameaçada devido à sobreexploração das populações naturais. Devido à dificuldades na propagação convencional, o objetivo deste estudo foi a avaliação do efeito de diferentes concentrações do regulador de crescimento ácido indolacético (AIA) na propagação in vitro de P. ipecacuanha. Segmentos nodais foram cultivados em meio de Murashige e Skoog (MS) sem reguladores de crescimento (controle) e suplementado com quatro concentrações (0,05; 0,5; 1,5 e 2,0 mg.L-1) de AIA, em meios semi-sólidos. Após 60 dias de cultivo, segmentos nodais (n=30) cultivados em meio de Murashige & Skoog (MS) suplementado com 0,05 mg.L-1 de AIA produziram, em média, 4,56 segmentos nodais por explante, cujas plântulas foram aclimatizadas com sucesso, sem exibição de qualquer anomalia morfológica ou variação.
On Cities and Entropy: A Thermodynamical View of the Large Towns
Authors: Serpa Nilo
Published: October 2018

Present article proposes the application of the concept of entropy in the study of the environmental impacts generated by a city. It is taken a strictly thermodynamic approach of cities as heat sinks that generate entropy. The formalism of caloric field theory is adopted to establish the relationship between entropy caused by thermal exchanges and the physical environmental parameters considered. The notion of evolutional global time is introduced in order to treat entropy more objectively in the context of thermodynamics. A table with the rates of change of entropy in some cities is generated.

Key words: Entropy, thermodynamics, irreversible processes, caloric field theory.

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O presente artigo propõe a aplicação do conceito de entropia no estudo dos impactos ambientais gerados por uma cidade. É feita uma abordagem estritamente termodinâmica das cidades como dissipadores térmicos geradores de entropia. O formalismo da teoria dos campos calóricos é adotado para estabelecer a relação entre a entropia produzida pelas trocas térmicas e os parâmetros físicos ambientais considerados. O conceito de tempo global evolutivo é introduzido por modo de tratar a entropia de maneira mais objetiva no contexto da termodinâmica. É gerada uma tabela com as taxas de variação da entropia em algumas cidades. 

Palavras-chave: Entropia, termodinâmica, processos irreversíveis, teoria de campo calórico.
Sosyal Bilişim Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: ÖZTEMİZ Semanur
Published: October 2018

20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren sayısı ve çeşidi hızla artan
bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri sosyal ve profesyonel yaşamın ayrılmaz bir
parçası haline gelmiştir. Bilgisayarlaşmanın bireysel ya da örgütsel
faaliyetlerde bir rutin halini alması, teknolojinin insanla olan etkileşiminin
çok yönlü araştırılması gerektiğini ön plana çıkarmıştır. Söz konusu etkileşimi
konu edinen araştırmaların bir kısmı, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin
sağladığı kazanımları teknik bağlamda değerlendirirken, diğerleri bilgisayarlaşmanın
sosyal yönü üzerine incelemelerde bulunmuştur. Bilgi ve iletişim
teknolojilerinin sosyal yönünü inceleyen bu araştırmalar bilgi, bilgi
sistemleri, bunları kullanan kişiler ve kullanım özellikleri arasındaki
ilişkilere odaklanan analizler ortaya koymaktadır. Bilgisayar bilimlerinden
bilgibilime; iletişimden ekonomiye ve psikolojiye birden çok disiplinin uzun
yıllardır konu edindiği bu çalışmalar, çeyrek yüzyılı aşkındır sosyal bilişim
kavramı altında ele alınmaktadır.

Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal bilişim kavramını temel unsurları, akademik
bir disiplin olarak gelişimi, örgütler açısından önemi ve bilgibilimle olan
ilişkisi bağlamında değerlendirmektir. Konuya ilişkin mevcut literatüre katkı
sağlaması beklenen çalışmanın, bilgibilim eğitiminde sosyal bilişim
öğretilerinin gerekliliğine de dikkat çekeceği düşünülmektedir.
Visualization capabilities of experimental oncological models in small laboratory animals
Authors: Pechatnikova Valeria A. , Trashkov Alexander P. , Zelenenko Maria A. , Verlov Nikolay A. , Chizh Grigorii A. , Khotin Michael G. , Vasiliev Andrei G.
Published: October 2018

For a long time non-invasive imaging methods have been inaccessible in preclinical practice; their introduction lately has broadened the boundaries of relevant studies and felicitated new approaches to solving fundamental problems. Up-to-date imaging methods constitute an essential component of preclinical and translational biomedical research allowing quick and non-invasive extended representation of structural organization and functional characteristics of pathological processes in vivo. Methods of radiation diagnosis and nuclear magnetic resonance allow to assess the state of bones, soft tissues, internal organs, blood vessels and peripheral nerve fibers in various animals, not only mammals, but also fish, amphibians, reptiles and insects. Multiparametric studies can uniquely localize any anatomical structure or pathological process. However, not all existing techniques are applicable to various oncological models of small laboratory animals.
The possibilities of computed tomography using heart-axis-oriented multiplanar reformations in diagnostics of the great arteries transposition
Authors: Sadykova Gulnaz K. , Ivanov Dmitry O. , Bagaturia Georgiy O. , Ipatov Victor V. , Ryazanov Vlarimir V.
Published: October 2018

This article contents the results of computed tomography with intravenous bolus contrast media administration data analysis in children with transposition and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries with the consequental performing of the multiplanar heart-axis-oriented reformations. Among 148 examined children transposition of great arteries was detected in 13 patients (9 boys and 4 girls aged 1-144 day of life); congenitally corrected transposition was found in 4 cases of children aged from 6 months to 15 years and 6 months (2 boys and 2 girls). In this article comprehensive anatomical criteria of each heart chamber morphology are presented and reformations where these criteria can be seen are shown. Also in the article is given comparative characterization of heart and great arteries structures in transposition and congenitally corrected transposition in every certain heart-axis-oriented reformation. By the results of consequently performed heart-axis-oriented reformations data analysis the peculiar anatomical signs of transposition and congenitally corrected transposition are determined. The results of data analysis show that from the list of offered reformations the peculiar anatomical signs of both kinds of transposition are significantly determined in long-axis of right ventricle inflow tract reformation, left heart chambers reformation, supply ventricle division reformation, short-axis reformation at the level of great arteries. Computed tomographic angiocardiography heart-axis-oriented multiplanar reformations permit full and correct assessment of heart and main vessels, which is important for planning of surgical treatment in congenital heart diseases.
Neurophysiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome in children
Authors: Voitenkov Vladislav B. , Skripchenko Natalia V. , Klimkin Andrey V. , Grigoriyev Stepan G.
Published: October 2018

Our aim was to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of conduction studies parameters for prognosis and differential diag nosis in children with acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) & acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP).

Methods. 40 children were included: 20 healthy controls (7-14 years) and 20 patients (8-15 years) with AIDP or AMAN. All underwent conduction studies on 3-7 day since the clinical symptoms onset. We registered and evaluated motor conduction velocity, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude of nn. tibialis, peroneus, medianus, ulnaris; sensory conduction velocity & sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude for nn. medianus, suralis, peroneus superficialis, ulnaris, H-reflex threshold & latency, reactivity of neural conductivity (RNC) in short-term hand ischemia in acute phase (3-14 day since the disease onset) and in early recovery period (15-30 day since the symptoms onset). ROC-analysis was performed.

Results. In 95% of the patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome H-reflex was absent. In first 10 days SNAP amplitude of median nerve >8.9 µV, peroneal nerve >3.6 µV, CMAP of peroneal nerve ≤0,4 µV with normal motor conduction velocity indicates AMAN presence. Motor axons of peripheral nerves in children in acute and recovery phase of AIDP are resistant towards ischemia. Prognostic criteria for long period of walk recovery (more than 30 days) in these patients are RNC on 10th minute of local ischemia ≤2.5%, ulnar nerve CMAP amplitude ≤1,1 mV and distal CMAP amplitude from median nerve ≤1.6 mV.

Conclusions. Conduction studies may be implemented on all phases of Guillain-Barré syndrome in children for prognosis and differential diagnosis between its axonal and demyelinating forms. H-reflex absence in children in the first 5 days of acute polyneuropathy may serve as additional diagnostic criteria for Guillain-Barré syndrome. RNC parameters may be implemented for the prognosis of the walk period recovery duration.
History of surgical treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders
Authors: Vasilevsky Dmitrij I. , Sedletsky Yuri I. , Anisimova Kristina A. , Davletbaeva Leysan I.
Published: October 2018

Surgery of obesity (bariatric surgery) as a separate area of medical science dates back its history from the middle of the previous century. The foundation for its development was based on the ideas of physiology of digestion, the causes and mechanisms of its disturbances that had been formed at that time. An important role was played by achievements in related areas of medicine: anesthesiology, transfusiology. Before that effective antibacterial drugs have already been created. Rich experience in various fields was brought for medicine by the Second World War. The return of society to pre-war cultural values became the impetus for bariatric surgery genesis. For two first decades, the main method of surgical treatment of overweight was shunting operations in the small intestine, aimed at reducing absorption of nutrients (malabsorption techniques). However, a significant number of negative side effects gradually forced to abandon this group of procedures and were the basis for the search for other options in surgical interventions. Since the late 60-es of the 20th century for two decades, methods have been actively developed that limited the flow of nutrients (restrictive approach). The main idea in the development of this group of operations was to reduce the volume of the stomach. At the same time, attempts were made to combine both malabsorptive and restrictive mechanisms in one technique. By the beginning of the 90-es, practically all the available variants of surgical interventions have been proposed and introduced into clinical practice. At the same time, minimally invasive surgical technologies began to be actively introduced into this area of medicine. By the beginning of the 21st century almost all surgical techniques have been adapted to endovideo- (laparoscopic-) surgery. Over the past decade, intraluminal (endoscopic) methods for reducing stomach volume and reducing nutrient absorption have been developed.
Validez y confiabilidad de los instrumentos de percepción de barreras y de beneficios para el ejercicio en adolescentes colombianos
Authors: Bonilla I. Claudia Patricia , Díaz H. Luz Patricia
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: identificar las características psicométricas de las escalas de barreras y beneficios para la realización de ejercicio en adolescentes basada en el modelo de promoción de la salud de Nola Pender. Metodología: Las escalas de percepción de barreras y beneficios para el ejercicio, fueron sometidas a los procedimientos según Pender 2011 y Muñiz 2013; permisos, traducción, retro-traducción y pruebas de validez facial, de contenido y de constructo. Resultados: las escalas de Percepción de Barreras para el ejercicio tienen un índice de Lawshe modificado de 0,83 y kappa de Fleiss de 0,59 para relevancia y pertinencia 0,53 la escala de percepción de beneficios para el ejercicio así mismo presenta un índice de Lawshe modificado de 0,93 y Kappa de Fleiss para relevancia 0,70 y para pertinencia 0,91. El análisis factorial identifico en cada una de las escalas 2 factores y la confiabilidad se encontró en 0,82 y 0,83 para la percepción de barreras y beneficios respectivamente Conclusiones: En razón a las mediciones obtenidas y los datos que reporta la literatura como válidos para instrumentos podemos concluir que las escalas son válidas, confiables y consideradas apropiadas para evaluar y diseñar estrategias que contribuyan a mejorar la realización de actividad física en los adolescentes.
PALABRAS CLAVE: adolescente, actividad física, ejercicio, validez, (Fuente: DeCS, BIREME)
Produção de conhecimento “a quem e para que serve?”
Authors: Garcia Maria Lúcia Teixeira
Published: October 2018

Apresentação da revista
MIGRATORY KITCHEN: THE EXAMPLE OF SYRIANS IN MARDIN
Authors: GÜRHAN Nazife
Published: October 2018

Due

to immigration, lifestyle and dietary habits transform depending on the change

in the socio-economic situation, social position, and status of migrants. These

changes can be observed in various stages, such as in the availability of food

and its preparation, and consumption. This

article attempts to demonstrate the transformation in dietary habits after

immigration of people who migrated to Turkey since 2011 due to the Syrian war.

The study focused on the

city of Mardin, located in southeastern Anatolia, and was conducted in the form

of fieldwork. Using snowball sampling methods, participant observation, and

qualitative research techniques, in-depth interviews were made with 25

people who migrated to Mardin from different regions of Syria. The change in dietary habits varies greatly in parallel

with the amount of change in socio-economic status to a large extent. However,

there was some differentiation in terms of food structure and diet. This study

shows that immigrants’ views on food were different. It was observed that

Syrians continued their traditional dietary habits or fully adopt the dietary

habits of the new country or engage in a hybridization of dietary practices due

to cultural transition.
MODERN ONKOLOG HEKİMİN GELENEKSEL TIP UYGULAMALARI KARŞISINDAKİ STRATEJİLERİ
Authors: ÖĞÜTLE Vefa Saygın , SARIMURATOĞLU Duygu
Published: October 2018

Kanser, tedavisi çok zor ya da bazı durumlarda

mümkün olmayan bir hastalıktır.  Bu

hastalığa yakalandığında çaresizliğe düşen ve her yolu denemeyi düşünen

hastaların kanserle mücadele esnasında başvurduğu pratiklerden birisi de

geleneksel tedavi uygulamalarıdır. 10 onkolog hekimle yapılan derinlemesine

mülakatlar sonucunda, böylesi kritik bir alanda kanıta dayalı tıp yaptıklarını

savunan modern onkolog hekimlerin geleneksel tedavi hususunda iki farklı

stratejiye başvurdukları görülmüştür. Söz konusu stratejilerden ilki,

geleneksel olanı tamamen reddetmektir. İkincisi ise modern kozmolojide

geleneksel olanın yeri olmasa da geleneksel olanı bağlamından koparıp onu

modern kozmolojiye entegre etme eylemidir. Weber’in tipoloji kuramı bağlamında

ve elbette saf tip özelliklerini taşımasa da ilk grup rasyonel hekimler; ikinci

grup ise karizmatik hekimler olarak adlandırılmıştır. Rasyonel hekimlerin

biçimsel rasyonaliteye, karizmatik hekimlerin ise tözel rasyonaliteye atıfla

eyledikleri görülmüştür. Bu da bize sahada çoklu rasyonalitenin işlediğini

göstermektedir. 
KADIN CİNAYETLERİNDE SEMBOLİK İKTİDARIN KRİZİ
Authors: URAL Haktan , ÇABUK KAYA Nilay
Published: October 2018

Bu çalışmada, son yıllarda

kamusal tartışmalarda ve akademik alanda görünürlük kazanan kadın cinayetleri

olgusunun hangi sembolik anlamlarla birlikte ortaya çıktığı, öldürücü şiddet

pratiğinin hangi kadınlıkları sembolik olarak “değersiz”, dolayısıyla da öldürülmeye

“değer”, olarak ürettiği mercek altına alınmaktadır. Hem uluslararası

literatürde hem de Türkiye üzerine incelemelerde sıklıkla niceliksel bir

yaklaşımla incelenen kadın cinayetleri olgusunun nitel bir yaklaşımla

anlaşılması hedeflenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, Diyarbakır’da öldürülen üç kadının

sonuçlandırılmış dava dosyaları incelenmektedir. Çalışmanın kuramsal

çerçevesini, Grzyb’in (2016) kadın cinayetleri olgusunu anlamak

için Bourdieu’nün sembolik iktidar ve

sembolik şiddet kavramlarına başvurarak

oluşturduğu kavramsal araçlar oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçeveden hareketle,

öldürülen kadınların sembolik iktidar mekanizmaları içerisinde itaatkar, uysal

ve saygın olmayan kadınlık temsilleriyle anlamlandırıldıkları ileri

sürülmektedir. Bu sembolik şiddet biçimi sembolik iktidarın kriz dinamiklerini

oluşturmaktadır. Sonuç olarak da öldürücü şiddet pratikleri sembolik iktidarı

onaran ve canlandıran strateji olarak işlemektedir.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD’İN SOSYAL DAVRANIŞÇILIK DEVRİMİ: SOSYOLOJİZM VE PSİKOLOJİZM KISKACINDA BİR “İLİŞKİSEL FAİLLİK” DENEMESİ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Emre
Published: October 2018

George Herbert
Mead sembolik etkileşimciliğin önde gelen kuramcılarındandır. Sosyal
davranışçılık başlığıyla, pragmatist köklerinin etkisinde, düalist olmayan,
birey ve toplumun ilişkisel birlikteliğini yansıtan sentezci bir sosyal teori
geliştirmiştir. Mead, sosyal
davranışçılığıyla sosyoloji ve psikolojide mekanikçiliğe varan ve ilişkisel bir
kavrayışın önüne set çeken eğilimlerin bir eleştirisini sunmaktadır.
Makalemizde ilk olarak sosyal davranışçılığın, insan eylemlerini
uyaranların ve içsel süreçlerin ürünü olarak gören psikolojik indirgemecilikle
(psikolojizm), aynı eylemleri sadece içselleştirilmiş değer ve normlara yönelik
bir uyma davranışı olarak gören sosyolojik belirlenimcilik (sosyolojizm)
arasındaki zıtlığı aşan sentezci eğilimi ele alınmıştır. İkinci olarak, Mead’in
kuramının “ilişkisel failliğe” yer veren güçlü yönlerinin irdelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Mead’in benliğin iki yönü olarak sergilediği “ben” ve “beni/bana” analizinde, kendi
deneyiminin sonuçlarını kendine yeniden yükleyerek etkinlik gösteren refleksif zekâ kavrayışında ve bireyler
arasındaki anlamlı sembolik etkileşimin aslî öznelerarası karakterinde bu ilişkisel faillik kavrayışın ne ölçüde
etkin olduğu gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır. Böylelikle makalemiz Mead’in sentezci
perspektifinin bugün için güncelliğini koruyan zengin bir kaynak olduğunu
vurgulamaktadır.
Östrojen-Progesteron Reseptörü Pozitif ve Aksiller Lenf Nodu Negatif Meme Kanseri Tanılı Hastalarda Ki-67 Proliferasyon İndeksi
Authors: BOLAT KÜÇÜKZEYBEK Betül , TAŞKAYNATAN Halil , AKDER SARI Ayşegül , YİĞİT Seyran , BALLI Gülden , ETİT Demet , YAZICI Ayşe , Atahan Murat Kemal , ÖZYİĞİT BÜYÜKTALANCI Dilara , ALACACIOĞLU Ahmet , KÜÇÜKZEYBEK Yüksel
Published: October 2018

Amaç: Ki-67 hücre siklusunda G0 fazı dışında eksprese edilen nükleer bir proteindir. Prolifere olan hücreleri gösteren belirteç olarak kullanılmaktadır. Meme kanseri tanılı hastalarda Ki-67 proliferasyon indeksinin kötü klinik sonuçlarla ilişkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada östrojen reseptörü ve progesteron reseptörü pozitif, HER-2 negatif, aksiller lenf nodu tutulumu bulunmayan meme kanseri tanılı hastalarda Ki-67 proliferasyon indeksinin prognostik öneminin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: 2006-2014 yılları arasında tanı konulan ve tıbbi onkoloji kliniğinde izlemi bulunan opere meme kanseri tanılı hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. İmmunohistokimyasal olarak nükleer Ki-67 proliferasyon indeksi değerlendirildi. Diğer klinikopatolojik prognostik faktörlerle ilişkisi değerlendirildi.Bulgular: 162 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Medyan 85 (9-132) aylık izlemde 2 (%1.2) hastada lokal nüks, 7 (%4.3) hastada uzak metastaz saptandı. Sekiz (%4.9) hasta vefat etti. Ki-67 proliferasyon indeksine göre Roc curve analizinde elde edilen %20 değerine göre hastalar iki gruba ayırıldı. Ki-67 proliferasyon indeksi %20’nin altında ve üzerinde olan gruplarda 7 yıllık genel sağkalımlar sırasıyla %97.1 ve %90.9 olarak hesaplandı (p0.042). Ki-67 proliferasyon indeksinin tümör histolojik derecesi, patolojik tümör boyutu ile pozitif korelasyon, hormon reseptörleri ile negatif korelasyon gösterdiği saptandı.Sonuç: Proliferasyon meme kanserinde prognoz ve tedavi yanıtını predikte etmek için kullanılan önemli bir göstergedir. Ki-67 proliferasyon indeksi için standart eşik değeri bulunmaması, değerlendirme ve skorlama metodolojisinde standart olmamasına rağmen diğer klinikopatolojik prognostik göstergelerle birlikte prognoz belirlenmesinde kullanılmaktadır.
Activated Plantain Peel Biochar As Adsorbent For Removal of Zinc(II) Ions From Aqueous Solution: Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies.
Authors: FELIX Nworie , IENNA Nwabue , IKELLE İkelle , ANSELM Ogah , NWABUEZE Elom , EMEKA İtumoh , CLİNTON Oroke
Published: October 2018

Plantain peel biomass was carbonized, activated, and characterized using BET surface area and XRD. The XRD diffraction indicated crystalline structure with crystallite size of 14.56 nm evaluated through Debye-Scherrer equation. The pore size (cc/g) and pore surface area (m2/g) of the biochar was 8.79 and 16.69 respectively from BET surface area. Various parametric properties such as effect of initial metal ion concentration, pH, and contact time were studied in a batch reaction process. Adsorption of zinc from aqueous solution decreased with an increase of pH and initial concentration. Equilibrium modeling studies suggested that the data fitted mainly to the Langmuir isotherm. Adsorption kinetic data tested using various kinetic models fitted the Bangham’s pore diffusion model implicating pore diffusion as the main rate limiting step. The sorption studies indicated the potential of plantain peel biochar as an effective, efficient and low cost adsorbent for remediating zinc (II) ions contaminated environment.
The effect of emphatic tendency levels of nurses on their conflict resolution skills
Authors: Masat Sevil , Danaci Esra , Sener Asuman , Kavalali Erdogan Tugba , Cinarli Tugba , Koc Zeliha
Published: October 2018

The aim is to determine the effect of nurses’ emphatic tendency levels on their conflict resolution skills. The research was carried out with the participation of 228 nurses. The data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 25 questions, Emphatic Tendency Scale and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II. Percentage calculation, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test are used for evaluating the data. A statistical relationship has been found between some of the sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of the nurses and their average score in quality of working life scale and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory (p < 0.05). In this study, a positive, moderate relationship has been found between Emphatic Tendency Scale and Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory, dimension of Integration (p < 0.001). It is determined that Emphatic Tendency Scale score has a direct proportion to Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II, dimension of Integration.Keywords: Nurse, quality of working life, professional attitudes in nursing.