bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of regular home delivery of HIV self‐testing and follow‐up counselling on HIV testing and prevention outcomes in men who have sex with men who test infrequently in the United States: a pragmatic, virtual randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wray Tyler B. , Chan Philip A. , Klausner Jeffrey D. , Ward Lori M. , Ocean Erik M. S. , Carr Daniel J. , Guigayoma John P. , Nadkarni Siddhi
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Past research shows that HIV self‐testing (HIVST) can increase testing and facilitate more HIV diagnoses relative to clinic testing. However, in the United States, the use of HIVSTs is limited due to concerns that those who use HIVST could be less likely to be linked to care.

Methods

From January 2019 to April 2022, we recruited 811 men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States who tested infrequently using an online marketing campaign and randomized them 1:1:1 to receive one of the following every 3 months for a year: (1) text message reminders to get tested at a local clinic (control); (2) mailed HIVST kits with access to a free helpline (standard HIVST); and (3) mailed HIVST kits with counselling provided within 24 hours of opening a kit (eTest). Quarterly follow‐up surveys assessed HIV testing, sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use and sexual risk behaviour.

Findings

Eight participants were diagnosed with HIV, and all but one were through HIVST. Participants in either HIVST condition, standard or eTest, had significantly higher odds of any testing (OR = 7.9, 95% CI = 4.9−12.9 and OR = 6.6, 95% CI = 4.2−10.5) and repeat testing (>1 test; OR = 8.5, 95% CI = 5.7−12.6; OR = 8.9, 95% CI = 6.1−13.4) over 12 months relative to the control group. Rates of STI testing and PrEP uptake did not differ across study condition, but those in the eTest condition reported 27% fewer sexual risk events across the study period relative to other groups.

Conclusions

HIVST vastly increased testing, encouraged more regular testing among MSM, and identified nearly all new cases, suggesting that HIVST could diagnose HIV acquisition earlier. Providing timely follow‐up counselling after HIVST did not increase rates of STI testing or PrEP use, but some evidence suggested that counselling may have reduced sexual risk behaviour. To encourage more optimal testing, programmes should incorporate HIVST and ship kits directly to recipients at regular intervals.
Preoperative chemotherapy response and survival in patients with colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases
Authors: Tinsley Nadina , O'Dwyer Sarah T. , Nagaraju Raghavendar , Chakrabarty Bipasha , Braun Michael , Mullamitha Saifee , Kamposioras Konstantinos , Marti Marti F. E. , Saunders Mark , Clouston Hamish , Selvasekar Chelliah , Wild Jonathan , Wilson Malcolm , Renehan Andrew , Aziz Omer , Barriuso Jorge
Published: July 2024

Treatment guidelines provided by PRODIGE‐7 recommend perioperative systemic chemotherapy before cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases (CRPM). Toxicity with multimodal treatment needs to be better defined. Chemotherapy response and impact on survival have not been reported. We assessed CRPM patients who received systemic oxaliplatin/irinotecan before CRS (preoperative) with Mitomycin C (35 mg/m2, 90 min) or Oxaliplatin (368 mg/m2, 30 min) heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). Secondary analysis was performed from a prospective database. Overall survival (OS) in chemotherapy responders (R) and nonresponders (NR) was compared. Toxicity was assessed by rate of adverse events (AEs). From April 2005 to April 2021, 436 patients underwent CRS + HIPEC; 125 (29%) received preoperative chemotherapy. The 112 (90%) received oxaliplatin (64, 57%) or irinotecan (48, 43%). R, defined as complete (CR) or partial response on preoperative imaging and/or postoperative histology, was seen in 71, 63% (53.8–72.3); 16, 14% (8.4–22.2) had CR. Median OS in R versus NR was 43.7 months (37.9–49.4) versus 23.9 (16.3–31.4) p = 0.007, HR 0.51 (0.31–0.84). OS multivariable analysis showed HR 0.48 (0.25‐0.95), p = 0.03 for chemotherapy response corrected by peritoneal cancer index, completeness of cytoreduction score. CRS led to 21% grade 3–4 AEs versus 4% for preoperative chemotherapy. HIPEC grade 3‐4 AEs were 0.5%. Preoperative chemotherapy response is an independent predictor for OS in CRPM.
Visible fluid motion on manipulation as the new threshold for intraoperatively determined knee arthroplasty component loosening: A Delphi study
Authors: Buijs George S. , Kievit Arthur J. , Walinga Alex B. , Schafroth Matthias U. , Hirschmann Michael T. , Blankevoort Leendert ,   International Consensus Panel
Published: July 2024

Purpose

There is a lack of a clear, uniform definition for intraoperatively assessed component loosening of a knee arthroplasty component, complicating the interpretation and interchangeability of results of diagnostic studies using an intraoperative observation as the reference test. The purpose of this study was to establish a consensus among specialised knee revision surgeons regarding the definition of intraoperatively determined loosening of total or unicondylar knee arthroplasty components.

Methods

Utilising the Delphi consensus method, an international panel of highly specialised knee revision surgeons was invited to participate in a three‐round process. The initiation of the first round involved the exploration of possible criteria for intraoperatively determined loosening with open questions. The second round focused on rating these criteria importance on a five‐point Likert scale. For the third round, criteria that reached consensus were summarised in consecutive definitions for intraoperatively determined loosening and proposed to the panel. Consensus was established when over 70% of participants agreed with a definition for intraoperatively determined loosening.

Results

The 34 responding panel members described in total 60 different criteria in the first round of which 34 criteria received consensus in the second round. Summarising these criteria resulted in four different definitions as minimal requirements for intraoperatively determined loosening. Eighty‐eight percent of the panel members agreed on defining a component as loose if there is visible fluid motion at the interface observed during specific movements or when gently applying direct force.

Conclusion

This study successfully established a consensus using a Delphi method among knee revision surgeons on the definition of intraoperatively determined component loosening. By agreeing on the visibility of fluid motion as new definition, this study provides a standardised reference for future diagnostic research. This definition will enhance the interpretability and interchangeability of future diagnostic studies evaluating knee arthroplasty component loosening.

Level of Evidence

Level V.
Rate of graft retear is higher in over‐the‐top superior capsular reconstruction for massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tears with subscapularis tear
Authors: Sung Hsin‐Pei , Chen Wei‐Cheng
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To compare side‐to‐side superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) with over‐the‐top SCR in terms of functional outcomes, pain relief and allograft survival rates.

Methods

Patients who had undergone arthroscopic dermal allograft SCR for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears and clinical follow‐up for ≥2 years were recruited. All patients underwent postoperative assessment with routine radiographic analysis for acromiohumeral distances, ultrasound imaging 1 and 3 months after SCR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at least 12 months after SCR. The outcome measures were visual analogue scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Constant and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scores.

Results

SCR was performed in 56 patients including side‐to‐side SCR in 32 and over‐the‐top SCR in 24. Postoperative MRI showed that the grafts were intact in 46 patients (82.1%; 26 who underwent side‐to‐side SCR and 20 who underwent over‐the‐top SCR). The proportion of nonhealing grafts in the over‐the‐top group was significantly higher with concomitant subscapularis tears (60% vs. 5.3%; p = 0.02). VAS scores and functional outcomes improved postoperatively in both groups and postoperative VAS (1.4 vs. 1.7; n.s.), Constant (74.8 vs. 76.0; n.s.), mean ASES (87.4 vs. 89.1; n.s.) and mean SANE (81.7 vs. 84.3; n.s.) scores did not differ significantly.

Conclusion

For massive rotator cuff tears, over‐the‐top and side‐to‐side SCR achieve similar pain relief and functional improvement, and the rate of healing allografts is high. However, over‐the‐top SCR is not recommended for massive posterosuperior rotator cuff tears with repairable subscapularis tendon tears due to a higher nonhealing rate.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Guiding Light with Programmable Wall Defects
Authors: Yu Haibo , Liu Xuan , Zhang Songyu , Wang Zhaoyi , Hu Jiaxiang , Luo Duanbin , Zheng Zhi‐Gang
Published: July 2024

External‐field controllable light‐guiding structures are critical in the field of optical circuits and optical integration, and many well‐designed solid‐state waveguides have good performance but are weakly controllable. Although there have been attempts at liquid light guiding, liquid‐filled waveguides cannot completely break the constraints of the solid structure, and in liquid crystal (LC), the smaller tuning angle of the optical soliton limits its further application. So designing a soft tunable light‐guiding structure becomes an urgent but challenging task. In this work, a novel electrically switchable light‐guiding structure with LC programmable wall defect is designed and verified. Wide‐angle recyclable switching of light guiding under an electric field and optical erasure and rewriting of the structure are realized, unleashing the potential of soft‐matter defect structures, and paving the way for soft optical devices and optoelectronic integration.
Rescaling method for blow‐up solutions of nonlinear wave equations
Authors: Benjemaa Mondher , Jrajria Aida , Zaag Hatem
Published: July 2024

We develop a hybrid scheme based on a finite difference scheme and a rescaling technique to approximate the solution of nonlinear wave equation. In order to numerically reproduce the blow‐up phenomena, we propose a rule of scaling transformation, which is a variant of what was successfully used in the case of nonlinear parabolic equations. A careful study of the convergence of the proposed scheme is carried out and several numerical examples are performed in illustration.
Streak artefact removal in x‐ray dark‐field computed tomography using a convolutional neural network
Authors: Kumschier Tom , Thalhammer Johannes , Schmid Clemens , Haeusele Jakob , Koehler Thomas , Pfeiffer Franz , Lasser Tobias , Schaff Florian
Published: July 2024

Background

Computed tomography (CT) relies on the attenuation of x‐rays, and is, hence, of limited use for weakly attenuating organs of the body, such as the lung. X‐ray dark‐field (DF) imaging is a recently developed technology that utilizes x‐ray optical gratings to enable small‐angle scattering as an alternative contrast mechanism. The DF signal provides structural information about the micromorphology of an object, complementary to the conventional attenuation signal. A first human‐scale x‐ray DF CT has been developed by our group. Despite specialized processing algorithms, reconstructed images remain affected by streaking artifacts, which often hinder image interpretation. In recent years, convolutional neural networks have gained popularity in the field of CT reconstruction, amongst others for streak artefact removal.

Purpose

Reducing streak artifacts is essential for the optimization of image quality in DF CT, and artefact free images are a prerequisite for potential future clinical application. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of CNN post‐processing for artefact reduction in x‐ray DF CT and how multi‐rotation scans can serve as a pathway for training data.

Methods

We employed a supervised deep‐learning approach using a three‐dimensional dual‐frame UNet in order to remove streak artifacts. Required training data were obtained from the experimental x‐ray DF CT prototype at our institute. Two different operating modes were used to generate input and corresponding ground truth data sets. Clinically relevant scans at dose‐compatible radiation levels were used as input data, and extended scans with substantially fewer artifacts were used as ground truth data. The latter is neither dose‐, nor time‐compatible and, therefore, unfeasible for clinical imaging of patients.

Results

The trained CNN was able to greatly reduce streak artifacts in DF CT images. The network was tested against images with entirely different, previously unseen image characteristics. In all cases, CNN processing substantially increased the image quality, which was quantitatively confirmed by increased image quality metrics. Fine details are preserved during processing, despite the output images appearing smoother than the ground truth images.

Conclusions

Our results showcase the potential of a neural network to reduce streak artifacts in x‐ray DF CT. The image quality is successfully enhanced in dose‐compatible x‐ray DF CT, which plays an essential role for the adoption of x‐ray DF CT into modern clinical radiology.
Display Week 2024 Highlights
Authors:   Editorial Staff
Published: July 2024

As display industry visionaries gather from around the world, Display Week offers a unique opportunity to discuss and exhibit the best in new technologies.
ID Asks/Adi Abileah
Authors: Peruvemba Sri
Published: July 2024

Musician, Teacher, Medic, Master of Display Technologies, Extraordinary Gentleman
Assessing the state of obesity care: Quality, access, guidelines, and standards
Authors: Kaplan Lee M. , Apovian Caroline M. , Ard Jamy D. , Allison David B. , Aronne Louis J. , Batterham Rachel L. , Busetto Luca , Dicker Dror , Horn Deborah B. , Kelly Aaron S. , Mechanick Jeffrey I. , Purnell Jonathan Q. , Ramos‐Salas Ximena ,   for the Assessing the State of Obesity Care Writing Group
Published: July 2024

Background

An international panel of obesity medicine experts from multiple professional organizations examined patterns of obesity care and current obesity treatment guidelines to identify areas requiring updating in response to emerging science and clinical evidence.

Aims

The panel focused on multiple medical health and societal issues influencing effective treatment of obesity and identified several unmet needs in the definition, assessment, and care of obesity.

Methods

The panel was held in Leesburg, Virginia in September 2019.

Results

The panelists recommended addressing these unmet needs in obesity medicine through research, education, evaluation of delivery and payment of care, and updating clinical practice guidelines (CPG) to better reflect obesity’s pathophysiological basis and heterogeneity, as well as the disease’s health, sociocultural, and economic complications; effects on quality of life; need for standards for quantitative comparison of treatment benefits, risks, and costs; and the need to more effectively integrate obesity treatment guidelines into routine clinical practice and to facilitate more direct clinician participation to improve public understanding of obesity as a disease with a pathophysiological basis. The panel also recommended that professional organizations working to improve the care of people with obesity collaborate via a working group to develop an updated, patient‐focused, comprehensive CPG establishing standards of care, addressing identified needs, and providing for routine, periodic review and updating.

Conclusions

Unmet needs in the definition, assessment and treatment of obesity were identified and a blueprint to address these needs developed via a clinical practice guideline that can be utilized worldwide to respond to the increasing prevalence of obesity.
Alkyl sulfones: discovery of novel structural types with differentiated opportunities for insect control
Authors: Edmunds Andrew J. F. , Muehlebach Michel , Jung Pierre M. , Hueter Ottmar F. , Stoller André , Jeanguenat André , Emery Daniel , Sikervar Vikas , Sen Indira , Rendler Sebastian , Buchholz Anke
Published: July 2024

The discovery of novel chemical classes with novel modes of action for insect control form the backbone of innovation with the goal to deliver much‐needed solutions into the hands of growers. Over the last decade, alkyl sulfones have emerged as one of the most versatile new classes and are under intensive investigation in many R&D programs in the industry, with Sumitomo Chemicals recently introducing oxazosulfyl as a first active ingredient to the market. In this review, we discuss some of our strategies to invent novel classes based upon ligand‐based design, and also show how incorporation of physical chemical properties into our design enabled us to predictably control chewing and sucking pests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Incorporation of Small Molecules with Polar Functional Group to Elevate Crystallinity and Suppress Nonradiative Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ali Atif , Tian Ruijia , Wang Yaohua , Li Jun , Meng Yuanyuan , Cao Ruikun , Yang Bai , Liu Chang , Ge Ziyi
Published: July 2024

To get maximum efficiency, potential in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has made it hot research area now a days. Power conversion efficiency of PSCs is increasing by every passing day. Moreover, performance of perovskite absorber layer is important for high efficiency andlong term stability of PSCs. In this work, 2‐4 (Methyl sulphonyl) Phenyl) Ethylamine small molecules with functional groups are added inperovskite and enlarged grains are observed in the result. These effects show improvement in the performance of perovskite. Consequently, density of imperfections with additive in PSCs is alleviated and champion efficiency 24.16% has been achieved. Within corporation of additive with polar functional group crystallinity of absorber film is increased, that is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and Uv‐Vis results. PL result show absorption is increased with addition ofadditive due to mitigation of nonradiative charge recombination. It is confirmed by GIWAX that charge transportation is increased since output peakintensity for (100) plane is larger than that of input. Overall, efficiencyis increased from 22% for control and exceeding 24% and stability enhanced with incorporation of small molecules.
Five Higher Education Myths
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: July 2024

A myth is a widely held but false belief or idea. Although there are more, I have identified five myths in higher education today that I think would be of interest to deans, administrators, and researchers.
Hydrogels loaded with MSC‐derived small extracellular vesicles: A novel cell‐free tissue engineering system for diabetic wound management
Authors: Zhong Weicheng , Meng Hao , Ma Liqian , Wan Xizi , Chen Shengqiu , Ma Kui , Lu Lu , Su Jianlong , Guo Kailu , Jiang Yufeng , Liu Xi , Fu Xiaobing , Zhang Cuiping
Published: July 2024

With the aging and obesity era, the increasing incidence of diabetes and diabetic complications, especially the non‐healing wounds, imposes a serious economic burden on both patients and society. The complex microenvironments, including hyperglycemia, bacterial infection, ischemia, and nerve damage, lead to the prolonged inflammation and proliferation phase of diabetic wounds. Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC‐sEVs), which contain a rich variety of therapeutic molecules, have been chased for decades because of their potential roles in cellular communication, tissue regeneration, and drug delivery. As powerful tools for the controlled‐sustained release of sEVs, biocompatible hydrogels have been applied in a wide range of biomedical applications. Herein, we first summarize the pathological features of diabetic wounds, such as angiopathy, neuropathy, and immune cell dysfunction. Then, we discuss the biological properties, therapeutic performance, and stability of pure MSC‐sEVs. After that, we discuss the components, application patterns, and responsiveness of hydrogels. Next, we discuss the loading avenues of MSC‐sEVs into hydrogel, the release behaviors of sEVs from hydrogels, and the influence of the crosslinking method on the hydrogel‐sEV composites. Finally, we provide an overview of the current applications of hydrogels loaded with MSC‐sEVs as a novel cell‐free tissue engineering system in managing diabetic wounds and propose the critical unsolved issues. This review is expected to provide meaningful guidance for developing a novel cell‐free tissue engineering system for diabetic wound management.
Extended-Release Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Drug-Resistant HIV
Authors: Ma Yanping , Kang Yeona , Davenport Angelica , Aduamah Jennifer Mawunyo , Link Kathryn , Gurski Katharine
Published: July 2024

The pharmacologic tail of long-acting cabotegravir (CAB-LA), an injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), allows for months-long intervals between injections, but it may facilitate the emergence of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains during the acute infection stage. In this chapter, we present a within-host, mechanistic ordinary differential equation model of the HIV latency and infection cycle in CD4$${ }^+$$

+

T-cells to investigate the impact of CAB-LA on drug-resistant mutations in both humans and macaques. We develop a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model for CAB-LA to correlate the inhibitory drug response with the drug concentration in plasma. After validating our model against experimental results, we conduct in silico trials. First, we separately administer CAB-LA to the in silico macaque and human patients before and after exposure to simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)/HIV, to observe SHIV and HIV infectivity dynamics, respectively. Although the model does not incorporate a mechanism for CAB-LA-induced HIV mutations, we analyze the outcomes when mutations occur naturally. Our findings suggest that CAB-LA may enhance the growth of drug-resistant strains over the wild-type strains during the acute stage. The in silico trials demonstrate that the effectiveness of CAB-LA against mutations and the fitness of the drug-resistant strain to infect T-cells determine the course of the mutated strain.
The Conference on the Future of Europe and Political Families: Pushing for Reform
Authors: Johansson Karl Magnus , Raunio Tapio
Published: July 2024

The Conference on the Future of Europe brought together politicians and citizens across the European Union to discuss the future of integration. While designed as a bottom-up forum for listening to citizens, it offered an opportunity for the Europarties to advance their own objectives. This chapter examines how successful the three largest Europarties were in shaping the agenda, debates, and final outcome of the Conference, particularly regarding institutional reform. Inside the Parliament, the EP political groups formed large coalitions behind parliamentary resolutions calling for stronger EU level democracy. Europarties in turn remained throughout the process in a smaller role, while the political foundations contributed actively with events and various documents. Content analysis of the positions of the Europarties confirms their continued support for supranational democracy but shows also interesting variation in their more detailed objectives.
Conclusions: Transnational Parties—Elusive, But Deserving More Attention
Authors: Johansson Karl Magnus , Raunio Tapio
Published: July 2024

Despite a stronger legal basis and gradual organizational development, Europarties remain primarily transnational partisan actors dependent on their national member parties. The concluding chapter argues that it is precisely this transnational character that makes Europarties so elusive: they operate simultaneously at intergovernmental and supranational levels of decision-making, and measuring their impact is inherently difficult. Europarties are likely to remain in the background without institutional reforms to the electoral system or the institutional set-up of the EU, but they continue to wield a strong influence on the ‘future of Europe’. The challenge is to bring the Europarties closer to the citizens and to avoid decoupling between national and European politics which may also erode the internal cohesion of the Europarties.
Beyond large complex structure: quantized periods and boundary data for one-modulus singularities
Authors: Bastian Brice , van de Heisteeg Damian , Schlechter Lorenz
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We study periods in an integral basis near all possible singularities in one-dimensional complex structure moduli spaces of Calabi-Yau threefolds. Near large complex structure points these asymptotic periods are well understood in terms of the topological data of the mirror Calabi-Yau manifold. The aim of this work is to characterize the period data near other boundaries in moduli space such as conifold and K-points. Using results from Hodge theory, we provide the general form of these periods in a quantized three-cycle basis. Based on these periods we compute the prepotential and related physical couplings of the underlying supergravity theory. Moreover, we elucidate the meaning of the model-dependent coefficients that appear in these expressions: these can be identified with certain topological and arithmetic numbers associated to the singular geometry at the moduli space boundary. We illustrate our findings by studying a wide set of examples.
Probing heavy neutrino magnetic moments at the LHC using long-lived particle searches
Authors: Beltrán Rebeca , Bolton Patrick D. , Deppisch Frank F. , Hati Chandan , Hirsch Martin
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We explore long-lived particle (LLP) searches using non-pointing photons at the LHC as a probe for sterile-to-sterile and active-to-sterile transition magnetic dipole moments of sterile neutrinos. We consider heavy sterile neutrinos with masses ranging from a few GeV to several hundreds of GeV. We discuss transition magnetic dipole moments using the Standard Model effective field theory and low-energy effective field theory extended by sterile neutrinos (NRSMEFT and NRLEFT) and also provide a simplified UV-complete model example. LLP searches at the LHC using non-pointing photons will probe sterile-to-sterile dipole moments two orders of magnitude below the current best constraints from LEP, while an unprecedented sensitivity to sterile neutrino mass of about 700 GeV is expected for active-to-sterile dipole moments. For the UV model example with one-loop transition magnetic moments, the searches for charged lepton flavour violating processes in synergy with LLP searches at the LHC can probe new physics at several TeV mass scales and provide valuable insights into the lepton flavour structure of new physics couplings.
The cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with inverse-square potential
Authors: Ardila Alex H. , Murphy Jason
Published: July 2024

We consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in three space dimensions with a focusing cubic nonlinearity and defocusing quintic nonlinearity and in the presence of an external inverse-square potential. We establish scattering in the region of the mass-energy plane where the virial functional is guaranteed to be positive. Our result parallels the scattering result of [11] in the setting of the standard cubic-quintic NLS.
Absetzen anfallssuppressiver Medikamente bei Patient*innen mit Epilepsie
Authors: Ilyas-Feldmann Maria , Graf Luise , Hüsing Thea , Dörrfuß Jakob , Holtkamp Martin
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund

Etwa zwei Drittel der Patient*innen mit Epilepsie werden unter der Einnahme anfallssuppressiver Medikamente (ASM) anfallsfrei. Eine zentrale Frage ist, ob und wann ASM wieder abgesetzt werden können.

Ziel der Arbeit

Überblick zum aktuellen Kenntnisstand über Risiken und Nutzen des Absetzens von ASM.

Methoden

Zusammenfassung der aktuellen Literatur, Diskussion der Datenlage und Ableitung von Therapieempfehlungen.

Ergebnisse

Das Risiko für Anfallsrezidive nach dem Absetzen von ASM ist mit 40–50 % ungefähr doppelt so hoch wie unter der weiteren Einnahme von ASM. Leitlinien empfehlen, das Absetzen von ASM frühestens nach 2‑jähriger Anfallsfreiheit zu erwägen. Prädiktive Faktoren für ein Anfallsrezidiv nach dem Absetzen von ASM umfassen eine längere Dauer der Epilepsie und eine höhere Anzahl epileptischer Anfälle bis zur klinischen Remission, ein kürzeres anfallsfreies Intervall bis zum Absetzen, ein höheres Alter bei Erstmanifestation, eine Entwicklungsverzögerung bzw. ein IQ < 70, Fieberkrämpfe in der Kindheit, das Nichtvorliegen eines selbstlimitierenden Epilepsiesyndroms und der Nachweis epilepsietypischer Muster im EEG. Mithilfe einer webbasierten Prognosesoftware kann das individuelle Risiko eines Anfallsrezidivs nach dem Absetzen von ASM abgeschätzt werden.

Schlussfolgerungen

Ein Absetzen von ASM sollte frühestens nach 2 Jahren Anfallsfreiheit in einer gemeinsamen Entscheidungsfindung von Ärzt*innen und Patient*innen unter Abwägung von Nutzen und Risiken besprochen werden. Das Risiko eines erneuten Anfalls wird durch eine Reihe klinischer Variablen beeinflusst. Psychosoziale Aspekte wie Fahreignung und die berufliche Situation müssen ebenso berücksichtigt werden wie individuelle Ängste und Sorgen der Patient*innen vor einem Anfallsrezidiv oder der dauerhaften Einnahme von ASM.
Simulation-based data reduction and data processing for sheet metal forming in the hybrid twin framework
Authors: Maier Lorenz , Ünver Bogac , Volk Wolfram , Hartmann Christoph
Published: July 2024

In sheet metal forming, the interaction between virtual models and the real world remains challenging. Process simulations can exhibit significant errors, and reliable measurements are often scarce during early production stages. This study presents a hybrid twin framework that systematically unifies computer-aided design, simulation, and measurement data in an adaptive manner. Central to this framework is a reverse engineering algorithm that reconstructs and transforms the geometry of deep-drawn components from optical scan data into B-spline surfaces. The algorithm demonstrated high precision, indicating its suitability for process control and geometric analysis. The hybrid twin framework integrates virtual data from simulations and real-world data, as evidenced by a sensor concept for inline surface measurement. The framework ensures robust and redundant measurement concepts by estimating complete geometries from a few systematically preselected measuring points. This adaptive approach permits continuous updates and extensions to the database, accommodating both sparse inline signals and offline inspection data. This framework provides a conceptual model for integrating direct feedback interactions between virtual and physical environments, thereby enhancing the precision of analytical and predictive models in sheet metal forming processes.
Reduction in motor error by presenting subthreshold somatosensory information during visuomotor tracking tasks
Authors: Wasaka Toshiaki , Kano Shota , Morita Yoshifumi
Published: July 2024

Weak sensory noise acts on the nervous system and promotes sensory and motor functions. This phenomenon is called stochastic resonance and is expected to be applied for improving biological functions. This study investigated the effect of electrical stimulation on grip force adjustment ability. The coefficient of variation and absolute motor error in grip force was measured during a visuomotor tracking task under different intensities of somatosensory noise. Depending on the style of force exertion, the grip movement used in the visuomotor tracking task consisted of force generation (FG), force relaxation (FR), and constant contraction (Constant) phases. The subthreshold condition resulted in significantly lower coefficient of variation in the Constant phase and motor errors in the FG and Constant phases than the no-noise condition. However, the differences among the other conditions were insignificant. Additionally, we examined the correlation between the motor error in the condition without electrical stimulation and the change in motor error induced by subthreshold electrical stimulation. Significant negative correlations were observed in all FG, FR, and Constant phases. These results indicated that somatosensory noise had a strong effect on subjects with large motor errors and enhanced the grip force adjustment ability. By contrast, subjects with small motor errors had weak improvement in motor control. Although the effect of subthreshold noise varies depending on the individual differences, stochastic resonance is effective in improving motor control ability.
Effect of L-HSL on biofilm and motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its mechanism
Authors: Tang Deping , Lin Yanyan , Yao Huihui , Liu Yali , Xi Yanpeng , Li Mengjiao , Mao Aihong
Published: July 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) biofilm formation is a crucial cause of enhanced antibiotic resistance. Quorum sensing (QS) is involved in regulating biofilm formation; QS inhibitors block the QS signaling pathway as a new strategy to address bacterial resistance. This study investigated the potential and mechanism of L-HSL (N-(3-cyclic butyrolactone)-4-trifluorophenylacetamide) as a QS inhibitor for P. aeruginosa. The results showed that L-HSL effectively inhibited the biofilm formation and dispersed the pre-formed biofilm of P. aeruginosa. The production of extracellular polysaccharides and the motility ability of P. aeruginosa were suppressed by L-HSL. C. elegans infection experiment showed that L-HSL was non-toxic and provided protection to C. elegans against P. aeruginosa infection. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that L-HSL downregulated genes related to QS pathways and biofilm formation. L-HSL exhibits a promising potential as a therapeutic drug for P. aeruginosa infection.

Key points

• Chemical synthesis of N-(3-cyclic butyrolactone)-4-trifluorophenylacetamide, named L-HSL.

• L-HSL does not generate survival pressure on the growth of P. aeruginosa and can inhibit the QS system.

• KEGG enrichment analysis found that after L-HSL treatment, QS-related genes were downregulated.
An in-vivo study of the safety of copper-containing intrauterine devices in 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Moy Jeffrey , Landon Matthew , Vigilante John , Lehmann Benjamin , DeChambeau Amber , Rohlfing Frederick , Marks Robert
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to prospectively evaluate whether women with copper-containing intrauterine devices (Cu-IUD), currently listed as MR conditional, can safely undergo 3.0 Tesla (3 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

73 women, age 18–54 years old, with a Cu-IUD who were undergoing MRI for any reason were included consecutively. Pre- and post-MRI standard pelvic ultrasound examinations were completed to determine the appropriate pre- and post-MRI positioning of the Cu-IUD. Displaced IUDs were defined by IUD crossbars not in the fundal portion of the endometrial cavity, a visualized tip in the mid or lower uterus, any part of the device located in the cervical canal or outside of the endometrial canal, a fractured device, or a non-visualized IUD. Additionally, a questionnaire was completed by participants to determine the level of pre- and post-MRI pelvic pain.

Results

There were zero observed displaced Cu-IUDs on post-MRI pelvic ultrasounds (p = 0/70, 95% CI 0, .043). Three participants were dropped from the study due to malpositioned IUDs on pre-MRI pelvic ultrasound. Six patients reported new or worsening pelvic pain/discomfort during or after their MRI examination.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that performing 3 T MRI using a low SAR setting does not cause displacement of Cu-IUDs, with zero out of 70 patients demonstrating IUD displacement.

Graphical Abstract
The emerging paradigm in pediatric rheumatology: harnessing the power of artificial intelligence
Authors: Koker Oya , Sahin Sezgin , Yildiz Mehmet , Adrovic Amra , Kasapcopur Ozgur
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence algorithms, with roots extending into the past but experiencing a resurgence and evolution in recent years due to their superiority over traditional methods and contributions to human capabilities, have begun to make their presence felt in the field of pediatric rheumatology. In the ever-evolving realm of pediatric rheumatology, there have been incremental advancements supported by artificial intelligence in understanding and stratifying diseases, developing biomarkers, refining visual analyses, and facilitating individualized treatment approaches. However, like in many other domains, these strides have yet to gain clinical applicability and validation, and ethical issues remain unresolved. Furthermore, mastering different and novel terminologies appears challenging for clinicians. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature, categorizing algorithms and their applications, thus offering a fresh perspective on the nascent relationship between pediatric rheumatology and artificial intelligence, highlighting both its advancements and constraints.
Automatized detection of uniparental disomies in a large cohort
Authors: Moch Johanna , Radtke Maximilian , Liehr Thomas , Eggermann Thomas , Gilissen Christian , Pfundt Rolph , Astuti Galuh , Hentschel Julia , Schumann Isabell
Published: July 2024

Uniparental disomy (UPD) is the inheritance of both homologues of a chromosome from only one parent. The detection of UPDs in sequencing data is not well established and a common gap in genetic diagnostics. We applied our in-house UPD detection pipeline to evaluate a cohort of 9212 samples, including multigene panels as well as exome sequencing data in a single, duo or trio constellation. We used the results to inform the design of our publicly available web app altAFplotter. UPDs categorized as heterodisomy, whole chromosome or segmental isodisomy were identified and validated with microsatellites, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification as well as Sanger sequencing. We detected 14 previously undiagnosed UPDs including nine isodisomies, four segmental isodisomies as well as one heterodisomy on chromosome 22. We characterized eight findings as potentially causative through homozygous pathogenic variants or imprinting disorders. Overall, our study demonstrates the utility of our UPD detection pipeline with our web app, altAFplotter, to reliably identify UPDs. This not only increases the diagnostic yield of cases with growth and metabolic disturbances, as well as developmental delay, but also enhances the understanding of UPDs that may be relevant for recurrence risks and genetic counseling.
Effect of competition intensity and neighbor identity on architectural traits of Fagus sylvatica
Authors: Penanhoat Alice , Guerrero Ramirez Nathaly , Aubry-Kientz Mélaine , Diekmann Lucas , Paligi Sharath , Audisio Michela , Mrak Klara , Seidel Dominik
Published: July 2024

Key message

Differences in architectural traits of European beech saplings submitted to different levels of competition intensity and neighborhood diversity show a shift toward lateral growth exploration for overtopped trees but less expressed apical control is maintained for beech grown with conifers.

Crown plasticity is a fundamental process to optimize the acquisition of light in forests, where it is often the limiting factor for growth. The processes leading to crown dynamics in response to biotic interaction are controlled by the competitive status of a tree, as well as the species diversity of the neighborhood. Yet, the ontogenic diversity of the different branches leading to crown structure makes it difficult to model crown plasticity. In this study, we used single-image photogrammetry and a semi-automatic topology reconstruction software to map the architecture of 3-year-old European beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) grown in pure pots or mixed with Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco) or Norway spruce (Piceaabies L. H.Karst). Further, we investigated the effect of competition intensity (estimated with height rank) and neighbourhood diversity on architectural traits. To do so, we quantified the mean volume, slenderness, number of branches, branching rate, internode length, and diameter ratio for each stem and branch, up to the order three. Overtopped trees developed fewer branches and biomass but allocated more biomass to branches of a higher order than to the stem. The increase in the ramification of the stem and the diameter ratio of the first-order branches for overtopped trees indicate a shift in the growth strategy and a decrease in apical control. As competition intensity and neighbour identity have opposite effects on stem traits, it seems that the positive effect of plant diversity on growth can be attributed to the intrinsic effects of species identity rather than to competition release.
Functional frontal lobectomy in the surgical treatment of pharmacoresistant frontal lobe epilepsy: how I do it
Authors: Battista Francesca , Esposito Alice , Muscas Giovanni , Della Puppa Alessandro
Published: July 2024

Background

Frontal lobe epilepsy is pharmacoresistant in 30% of cases, constituting 10–20% of epilepsy surgeries. For cases of no lesional epilepsy (negative MRI), frontal lobectomy is a crucial treatment, historically involving Frontal Anatomical Lobectomy (AFL) with a 33.3% complication risk and 55.7% seizure control.

Methods

We describe Frontal Functional Lobectomy (FFL), in which the boundaries are defined on the patient's functional cortico-subcortical areas, recognized with advanced intraoperative technologies such as tractography and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS).

Conclusions

The FFL allows for a broader resection with a lower rate of postoperative complications than the AFL.
Is SWEEPS better than PUI in reducing intracanal bacteria and inflammation in cases of apical periodontitis?
Authors: Hepsenoglu Yelda Erdem , Ersahan Seyda , Erkan Erhan , Gundogar Mustafa , Ozcelik Fatih
Published: July 2024

To evaluate the efficacy of SWEEPS mode of the Er: YAG laser(SL) and passive ultrasonic irrigation(PUI) in the eradication of microorganisms and in the inflammation detection by IL-1β. Thirty patients with chronic apical periodontitis(AP) were allocated into two groups: Group SL–SWEEPS laser activated irrigation(n = 15) and Group PUI–passive ultrasonic irrigation(n = 15). Bacteriological samples were taken before(S1) and after chemomechanical preparation(S2), and then after final irrigation activation(S3). The levels of total bacteria and Streptococci were measured by means of PCR. Blood samples were collected before and 3rd day after treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of IL-1β. The bacterial reduction showed no differences between groups after chemo-mechanical treatment and after irrigant activation(p = 0.590). Post-treatment IL-1β levels were lower than pretreatment levels in both groups(p < 0.001). SL or PUI application in addition to chemomechanical preparation has similar effects on total bacterial level and inflammation detected by IL-1β in patients with AP.
Economies of scope in the Norwegian public hospital sector
Authors: Lindaas Nils Arne , Anthun Kjartan Sarheim , Kittelsen Sverre A. C. , Magnussen Jon
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the potential economies of scope in the Norwegian public hospital sector after a major structural and organizational reform. Economies of scope refers to potential cost savings occurring from the scope of production rather than the scale. We use a data driven approach to distinguish between relatively specialized and differentiated hospitals. Using registry data spanning the period 2013–2019, we use non-parametric data envelopment analysis with bootstrapping procedures to investigate the potential presence of economies of scope. This is done separately for three different dimensions of which hospital production can be either specialized or differentiated. The findings suggest that economies of scope are present in the Norwegian hospital sector, meaning that there are cost savings related to the optimal differentiation of the activity. It is difficult to conclude on how these findings relate to the reform.
Optical Marker-Based Motion Capture of the Human Spine: A Scoping Review of Study Design and Outcomes
Authors: Romero-Flores Claudia F. , Bustamante-Bello Rogelio , Moya Bencomo Marcos , Martinez-Ríos Erick Axel , Montesinos Luis
Published: July 2024

Biomechanical analysis of the human spine is crucial to understanding injury patterns. Motion capture technology has gained attention due to its non-invasive nature. Nevertheless, traditional motion capture studies consider the spine a single rigid segment, although its alignment changes during movement. Moreover, guidelines that indicate where markers should be placed for a specific exercise do not exist. This study aims to review the methods used to assess spine biomechanics using motion capture systems to determine the marker sets used, the protocols used, the resulting parameters, the analysed activities, and the characteristics of the studied populations. PRISMA guidelines were used to perform a Scoping Review using SCOPUS and Web of Science databases. Fifty-six journal and conference articles from 1997 to 2023 were considered for the analysis. This review showed that Plug-in-Gait is the most used marker set. The lumbar spine is the segment that generates the most interest because of its high mobility and function as a weight supporter. Furthermore, angular position and velocity are the most common outcomes when studying the spine. Walking, standing, and range of movement were the most studied activities compared to sports and work-related activities. Male and female participants were recruited similarly across all included articles. This review presents the motion capture techniques and measurement outcomes of biomechanical studies of the human spine, to help standardize the field. This work also discusses trends in marker sets, study outcomes, studied segments and segmentation approaches.

Graphical Abstract
Historical Portuguese corpora: a survey
Authors: Osório Tomás Freitas , Lopes Cardoso Henrique
Published: July 2024

This survey aims to thoroughly examine and evaluate the current landscape of electronic corpora in historical Portuguese. This is achieved through a comprehensive analysis of existing resources. The article makes two main contributions. The first is an exhaustive cataloguing of existing Portuguese historical corpora, where each corpus is meticulously detailed regarding linguistic periods, geographic origins, and thematic contents. The second contribution focuses on the digital accessibility of these corpora for researchers. These contributions are crucial in enhancing and progressing the study of historical corpora in the Portuguese language, laying a critical groundwork for future linguistic research in this field. Our survey identified 20 freely accessible corpora, comprising approximately 63.9 million tokens, and two private corpora, totalling 59.9 million tokens.