bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain Perfusion and Arterial Blood Flow Velocity During Prolonged Body Tilting
Authors: Montero David , Rauber Sven
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: It remains unknown whether brain perfusion is preserved and mirrored by middle cerebral blood flow velocity (MCA BFV) during prolonged changes in body posture. Herein, we examined the impact of sustained (180 min) 30° head-up (HUT) and head-down (HDT) tilt on
brain perfusion, as determined by MCA BFV and blood flow in the extracranial arteries.METHODS: In 10 healthy male subjects, arterial diameters, BFVs, and blood flows were determined in the left internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral (VA) arteries using duplex Doppler ultrasound in
supine rest, and 5, 20, 60, 120, and 180 min following 30° HUT and HDT. MCA BFV was recorded throughout with transcranial Doppler ultrasound.RESULTS: ICA as well as VA diameters and blood flows were unaltered during HUT. Likewise, brain blood flow and MCA BFV were preserved
with HUT. In the HDT protocol, ICA and VA diameters were gradually increased, although ICA, VA, and brain blood flows were preserved. MCA BFV was progressively reduced during HDT. In addition, MCA BFV was positively associated with ICA BFV (β = 0.9) and negatively associated with
ICA diameter (β = –125.5). MCA BFV was positively associated with brain blood flow during HUT (β = 0.2) but not HDT.CONCLUSIONS: Brain perfusion is preserved whereas MCA BFV is progressively decreased and associated with extracranial arterial BFV during
sustained 30° HDT. Therefore, MCA BFV may not be a surrogate of brain perfusion in conditions including prolonged HDT.Montero D, Rauber S. Brain perfusion and arterial blood flow velocity during prolonged body tilting. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2016; 87(8):682–687.
STUDIES OF THE ORIGIN OF HIGH-FREQUENCY QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS OF MASS-ACCRETING BLACK HOLES IN X-RAY BINARIES WITH NEXT-GENERATION X-RAY TELESCOPES
Authors: Beheshtipour Banafsheh , Hoormann Janie K. , Krawczynski Henric
Published: August 2016

Observations with RXTE (Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer) revealed the presence of high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HFQPOs) of the X-ray flux from several accreting stellar-mass black holes. HFQPOs (and their counterparts at lower frequencies) may allow us to study general relativity in the regime of strong gravity. However, the observational evidence today does not yet allow us to distinguish between different HFQPO models. In this paper we use a general-relativistic ray-tracing code to investigate X-ray timing spectroscopy and polarization properties of HFQPOs in the orbiting Hotspot model. We study observational signatures for the particular case of the 166 Hz quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in the galactic binary GRS 1915+105. We conclude with a discussion of the observability of spectral signatures with a timing-spectroscopy experiment such as the LOFT (Large Observatory for X-ray Timing) and polarization signatures with space-borne X-ray polarimeters such as IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer), PolSTAR (Polarization Spectroscopic Telescope Array), PRAXyS(Polarimetry of Relativistic X-ray Sources), or XIPE (X-ray Imaging Polarimetry Explorer). A mission with high count rate such as LOFT would make it possible to get a QPO phase for each photon, enabling the study of the QPO-phase-resolved spectral shape and the correlation between this and the flux level. Owing to the short periods of the HFQPOs, first-generation X-ray polarimeters would not be able to assign a QPO phase to each photon. The study of QPO-phase-resolved polarization energy spectra would thus require simultaneous observations with a first-generation X-ray polarimeter and a LOFT-type mission.
REVISED MODEL OF THE STEADY-STATE SOLAR WIND HALO ELECTRON VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION
Authors: Yoon Peter H. , Kim Sunjung , Choe G. S. , moon Y.-J.
Published: August 2016

A recent study discussed the steady-state model for solar wind electrons during quiet time conditions. The electrons emanating from the Sun are treated in a composite three-population model—the low-energy Maxwellian core with an energy range of tens of eV, the intermediate ∼102–103 eV energy-range (“halo”) electrons, and the high ∼103–105 eV energy-range (“super-halo”) electrons. In the model, the intermediate energy halo electrons are assumed to be in resonance with transverse EM fluctuations in the whistler frequency range (∼102 Hz), while the high-energy super-halo electrons are presumed to be in steady-state wave–particle resonance with higher-frequency electrostatic fluctuations in the Langmuir frequency range (∼105 Hz). A comparison with STEREO and WIND spacecraft data was also made. However, ignoring the influence of Langmuir fluctuations on the halo population turns out to be an unjustifiable assumption. The present paper rectifies the previous approach by including both Langmuir and whistler fluctuations in the construction of the steady-state velocity distribution function for the halo population, and demonstrates that the role of whistler-range fluctuation is minimal unless the fluctuation intensity is arbitrarily raised. This implies that the Langmuir-range fluctuations, known as the quasi thermal noise, are important for both halo and super-halo electron velocity distribution.
ON THE CHEMISTRY OF HYDRIDES OF N ATOMS AND O+ IONS
Authors: Awad Zainab , Viti Serena , Williams David A.
Published: August 2016

Previous work by various authors has suggested that the detection by Herschel/HIFI of nitrogen hydrides along the low-density lines of sight toward G10.6-0.4 (W31C) cannot be accounted for by gas-phase chemical models. In this paper we investigate the role of surface reactions on dust grains in diffuse regions, and we find that formation of the hydrides by surface reactions on dust grains with efficiency comparable to that for H2 formation reconciles models with observations of nitrogen hydrides. However, similar surface reactions do not contribute significantly to the hydrides of O+ ions detected by Herschel/HIFI that are present along many sight lines in the Galaxy. The O+ hydrides can be accounted for by conventional gas-phase chemistry either in diffuse clouds of very low density with normal cosmic-ray fluxes or in somewhat denser diffuse clouds with high cosmic-ray fluxes. Hydride chemistry in dense dark clouds appears to be dominated by gas-phase ion–molecule reactions.
DICKE’S SUPERRADIANCE IN ASTROPHYSICS. I. THE 21 cm LINE
Authors: Rajabi Fereshteh , Houde Martin
Published: August 2016

We have applied the concept of superradiance introduced by Dicke in 1954 to astrophysics by extending the corresponding analysis to the magnetic dipole interaction characterizing the atomic hydrogen 21 cm line. Although it is unlikely that superradiance could take place in thermally relaxed regions and that the lack of observational evidence of masers for this transition reduces the probability of detecting superradiance, in situations where the conditions necessary for superradiance are met (close atomic spacing, high velocity coherence, population inversion, and long dephasing timescales compared to those related to coherent behavior), our results suggest that relatively low levels of population inversion over short astronomical length-scales (e.g., as compared to those required for maser amplification) can lead to the cooperative behavior required for superradiance in the interstellar medium. Given the results of our analysis, we expect the observational properties of 21 cm superradiance to be characterized by the emission of high-intensity, spatially compact, burst-like features potentially taking place over short periods ranging from minutes to days.
Antidepressant Drugs to Electroconvulsive Therapy: Kristina's Story
Authors: Sammons Kristina M. , Abraham Sam
Published: August 2016

A mother of three children experienced depression after each delivery. The worst bout occurred after the birth of her third child. Antidepressant drugs helped initially, but a change in dosage caused severe decompensating symptoms that resulted in feelings and thoughts that life is not worth living. Health care providers would not facilitate entry into an inpatient program for help. She was told that unless actively suicidal or homicidal, she could not be admitted to an inpatient unit. None of the prescribed antidepressant medications seemed to work and the physicians said there was nothing else they could do. Family and friends searched for help and found a psychiatrist who recommended electroconvulsive therapy. Kristina tells her story of experiencing depression and recovery. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Nursing
,
54
(8), 43–47.]
Changing denotations of selected Slovenian choronyms
Authors: Geršič Matjaž
Published: August 2016

This article discusses changes in the territory identified by individual choronyms, or regional toponyms. The most frequent choronyms listed by respondents include the names of Austria-Hungarian lands and their parts, which in the past referred to precisely delineated administrative units. Today their borders are largely impossible to define, but they can be determined using cognitive maps and geographic information systems. The findings presented in this article show that the denotation of these names has changed over time and that in the case of informal names it is not clearly defined.
Multi-Sensor Data Fusion (MSDF)
Authors: Jena Gouranga Charan
Published: August 2016

The Data Fusion Model maintained by the JDL (Joint Directors of Laboratories) Data Fusion Group is the most widely-used method for categorizing data fusion-related functions. This paper discusses the current effort to revise and expand this model to facilitate the cost-effective development, acquisition, integration and operation of multi-sensor/multi-source systems. Data fusion involves combining information in the broadest sense to estimate or predict the state of some aspect of the universe. These may be represented in terms of attributive and relational states. If the job is to estimate the state of a people (or any other sentient beings), it can be useful to include consideration of informational and perceptual states in addition to the physical state. Developing cost-effective multi-source information systems requires a standard method for specifying data fusion processing and control functions, interfaces, and associated data bases. The lack of common engineering standards for data fusion systems has been a major impediment to integration and re-use of available technology. There is a general lack of standardized or even well-documented performance evaluation, system engineering methodologies, architecture paradigms, or multi-spectral models of targets and collection systems. In short, current developments do not lend themselves to objective evaluation, comparison or re-use. This paper reports on proposed revisions and expansions of the JDL Data Fusion model to remedy some of these deficiencies. This involves broadening the functional model and related taxonomy beyond the original military focus, and integrating the Data Fusion Tree Architecture model for system description, design and development.
Energy Aware Optimized Routing Protocols for Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Network
Authors: Prusty Alok R. , Sethi Srinivas , Nayak Ajit Kumar
Published: August 2016

Advancement in wireless technology made human life become simple and easy going. Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Network (WASN) is one of the friendly wireless networks used to monitor the most unfriendly and ever changing dynamic environment that restricts continuous human attention. WASN has drawn significant attentions due to its unique capabilities to deal with complex network operation in highly resource constrained network construct. This ad hoc and unstructured deployment of tiny sensor nodes operate with controlled transmission range, processing capabilities, as well as very limited battery backup. The severe power depletion affects the existence of active nodes. Hence, data forwarding and reliable packet routing in such phenomenon oriented network becoming a challenge. In this chapter the clustering and hierarchical routing approaches for WASN environment has been briefly presented followed by some optimization strategies applicable to cluster routing process. This chapter can help researchers to think fresh dimensions of ongoing research in WASN cluster routing.
Spectral Efficiency in Wireless Networks through MIMO-OFDM System
Authors: Bandopadhaya Shuvabrata , Roy Jibendu Sekhar
Published: August 2016

The traffic in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is brusty in nature; when any incident takes place, the data load on the channel increases suddenly demanding large channel spectrum. The scarcity of spectrum is the major technical obstacle for high data rate transmission along with better quality of service in any kind of wireless network. Hence it is very essential to enhance the spectrum efficiency of wireless channel. The major technical advancement in the physical layer which brings feasibility of broadband data transmission without increasing the transmission bandwidth or transmitting power are implementation of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication system with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) as modulation schemes. This chapter includes the fundamental concept of MIMO-OFDM system along with the channel estimation methods and the spectrum utilization issues therein.
What Cognitive Psychology Can Tell Us About Educational Computer Games
Authors: Gardner Michael K. , Strayer David L.
Published: August 2016

Developers of educational computer games often have incomplete knowledge of the cognitive abilities of learners, yet this knowledge can be useful in informing game design. This chapter reviews two important cognitive abilities that underlie learning: working memory and attentional capacity/executive function. From a description of the developmental course of each ability, we derive a set of recommendations for game developers to follow when designing games for learners of different ages. The chapter next reviews the psychology of transfer of training, including two major theories on the issue. The doctrine of identical elements appears to give the better description of how transfer occurs from training environment (the educational computer game) to target environment (real world performance of the learned skill). It is recommended that games embody, as closely as possible, the end behavior they hope to produce, as this will produce maximal transfer. Finally, we review some controversial research demonstrating distant transfer in computer video gaming.
A Framework for Promoting Knowledge Transfer in SNS Game-Based Learning
Authors: Zheng Robert Z. , Truong Thanh N.
Published: August 2016

This chapter focuses on an important issue in SNS game-based learning, that is, learners' knowledge transfer in the ill-structured domain. The chapter offers a discussion of instructional strategies in SNS game-based learning. The discussion presented here was framed around an extensive review of the literature pertinent to the strategies and approaches in serious games. Based on the discussion a framework was proposed for serious game design which revealed the interaction between and interrelationship among the variables in serious game learning. A pilot study was conducted to test the partial components of the framework. The results supported the framework showing students' progression in knowledge transfer in a game-based learning environment. Discussions were made regarding the implications of the framework and its application in k-16 education and professional training.
Factors That Explain Adolescent and Young Adult Mobile Game Play, Part 1
Authors: DaCosta Boaventura , Seok Soonhwa
Published: August 2016

The first of two chapters, a study is presented that quantitatively examined the adolescent and young adult “casual” video game player. A total of 1,950 South Korean students self-reported their game play on mobile phones by answering a 92-item questionnaire designed to capture data on technology ownership; preference for game genre and titles; where and how often games were played; what factors influence game selection, what game features were the most desirable, the rationale behind playing games, and psychophysical changes experienced as a result of playing; as well as, spending habits with regard to game purchases. The findings supported many of the claims made about the casual player, revealing, for example, that mobile games are predominately played for short periods of time, in between activities, and as a means to combat boredom. Adding credence to the idea that mobile game play can be viewed as a casual activity. Results also revealed potentially positive benefits, to include improved mood and feelings of well-being along with better mental attention and focus.
Level Up
Authors: Dreon Oliver , Szczyrbak Greg
Published: August 2016

Gamification is becoming increasingly popular in both K-12 and higher education settings. By infusing game elements into learning environments, educators believe that students will be more engaged and more motivated to learn (Bowman, 1982, Deterding, 2012, Dominguez et al, 2013). But what about the use of gamification to support the professional development of educators? What impact would gamification have on the participation and motivation of professors and faculty involved in an intensive professional development experience? This chapter describes the creation and implementation of Level Up, a two week long professional development game involving twenty faculty member participants. The chapter outlines the process of designing the game and the game elements used throughout its implementation. The chapter also examines some challenges the designers and participants experienced during the game implementation and provides several design considerations for professional developers who wish to gamify their faculty programs.
The Development of a Gamified System for Health Activism as a Graduate Student Project
Authors: Kirschner David
Published: August 2016

This chapter presents a case of the development, implementation, and iteration of a gamified, graduate-student-driven, collaborative class project about community health activism. The project was founded on three principles: (1) people define, interpret, and modify the meanings of health and wellbeing based on past experiences and in diverse contexts; (2) both learning and iterative design are adaptations to problems; and (3) knowledge is created through the transformation of experience. Prior to the class project, the researchers designed a web-based platform for people to publicly recognize and motivate one another for being healthcaring, exhibiting positive attitudes and behaviors toward the health and wellbeing of themselves and others. This chapter shows how students, researchers, and the community refined a definition of healthcaring while trying to change people's health attitudes and behaviors through gamification. After contextualizing the project and discussing its foundations, the chapter offers a discussion on its four phases and results.
Managing Risk in Cloud Computing
Authors: Mohammed Lawan Ahmed
Published: August 2016

Computer crime is now becoming a major international problem, with continual increases in incidents of cracking, hacking, viruses, worms, bacteria and the like having been reported in recent years. As a result of this massive vulnerabilities and new intrusion techniques, the rate of cybercrime has accelerated beyond imagination. In recent years, cloud computing have become ubiquitous, permeating every aspect of our personal and professional lives. Governments and enterprises are now adopting cloud technologies for numerous applications to increase their operational efficiency, improve their responsiveness and competitiveness. It is therefore vital to find ways of reducing and controlling the risk associated with such activities especially in cloud computing environment. However, there is no perfect-safe way to protect against all cyber attacks, hence, there is need for a proper recovery planning in the event of disaster resulting from these attacks. In this chapter, several means of limiting vulnerabilities and minimizing damages to information systems are discussed.
Security Model for Mobile Cloud Database as a Service (DBaaS)
Authors: Munir Kashif
Published: August 2016

There's a big change happening in the world of databases. The industry is buzzing about Database-as-a-Service (DBaaS), a cloud offering that allows companies to rent access to these managed digital data warehouses. Database-as-a-service (DBaaS) is a cloud computing service model that provides users with some form of access to a database without the need for setting up physical hardware, installing software or configuring for performance. Since consumers host data on the Mobile Cloud, DBaaS providers should be able to guarantee data owners that their data would be protected from all potential security threats. Protecting application data for large-scale web and mobile apps can be complex; especially with distributed and NoSQL databases. Data centers are no longer confined to the enterprise perimeter. More and more enterprises take their data to the Mobile Cloud, but forget to adjust their security management practices when doing so. Unauthorized access to data resources, misuse of data stored on third party platform, data confidentiality, integrity and availability are some of the major security challenges that ail this nascent Cloud service model, which hinders the wide-scale adoption of DBaaS. In this chapter, I propose a security model for Mobile Cloud Database as a Service (DBaaS). A user can change his/her password, whenever demanded. Furthermore, security analysis realizes the feasibility of the proposed model for DBaaS and achieves efficiency. This will help Cloud community to get an insight into state-of-the-art progress in terms of secure strategies, their deficiencies and possible future directions.
Automated Visual Inspection System for Printed Circuit Boards for Small Series Production
Authors: Reeberg de Mello Alexandre , Stemmer Marcelo Ricardo
Published: August 2016

There is a crescent need to produce Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) in a customized and efficient way, therefore, there is an effort from the scientific and industrial community to improve image processing techniques for PCB inspection. The methods proposed at this chapter aim the formation of a system to inspect SMD (Surface Mounted Devices) components in a SSP (Small Series Production), ensuring a satisfactory production quality. This way, a 3-step inspection system is proposed, formed by image preprocessing, feature extraction and evaluation components, based on characteristics related to shape, positioning and histogram of the component. The inspection machine used in this project is inserted in a cooperation among machines context, in order to provide a fully autonomous factory, coordinated by a multi-agent system. Experimental obtained results show that the proposed inspection system is suitable for the case, reaching a success rate above 89% when using actual components.
Devising Parametric User Models for Processing and Analysing Social Media Data to Influence User Behaviour
Authors: Bishop Jonathan
Published: August 2016

Academia is often plagued with those who define themselves by whether they are “quantitative” or “qualitative.” This chapter contests that when it comes to researching social media the two are inseparable in datafying user generated content. Posts on Twitter for instance have a textual element to the narratives that could be considered qualitative, but also quantitative criteria can be applied. Interviewing approaches can allow for the exploration of discourses to produce new theories, which may then rely of those approaches commonly thought of as quantitative. This chapter tests out a variety of different approaches to show how it is only through using all approaches available can social media be triangulated to produce accurate modelling of user behaviour.
Exploring “User,” “Video,” and (Pseudo) Multi-Mode Networks on YouTube with NodeXL
Authors: Hai-Jew Shalin
Published: August 2016

Network Overview, Discovery and Exploration for Excel (NodeXL Basic) enables the extraction of “user” (entity), “video” (content), and pseudo multi-modal networks from YouTube. This open-source add-on to NodeXL captures a wide range of data, enables data processing for analysis, and then visualization in a variety of graphs (based on different layout algorithms). This chapter summarizes some of the “askable” questions using this approach. Various types of data extractions are shared to give a sense of the breadth of some approaches, including the following: (1) entities, (2) in-world phenomena, (3) imaginary phenomena, (4) themes, (5) reputations by name, (6) genres, (7) language-specific phenomena, and (8) location-specific phenomena.
Progressive Care Nurses Improving Patient Safety by Limiting Interruptions During Medication Administration
Authors: Flynn Fran , Evanish Julie Q. , Fernald Josephine M. , Hutchinson Dawn E. , Lefaiver Cheryl
Published: August 2016

Background

Because of the high frequency of interruptions during medication administration, the effectiveness of strategies to limit interruptions during medication administration has been evaluated in numerous quality improvement initiatives in an effort to reduce medication administration errors.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of evidence-based strategies to limit interruptions during scheduled, peak medication administration times in 3 progressive cardiac care units (PCCUs). A secondary aim of the project was to evaluate the impact of limiting interruptions on medication errors.

Methods

The percentages of interruptions and medication errors before and after implementation of evidence-based strategies to limit interruptions were measured by using direct observations of nurses on 2 PCCUs. Nurses in a third PCCU served as a comparison group.

Results

Interruptions (P < .001) and medication errors (P = .02) decreased significantly in 1 PCCU after implementation of evidence-based strategies to limit interruptions. Avoidable interruptions decreased 83% in PCCU1 and 53% in PCCU2 after implementation of the evidence-based strategies.

Conclusions

Implementation of evidence-based strategies to limit interruptions in PCCUs decreases avoidable interruptions and promotes patient safety.
Regional climate change projections for the Barents
region
Authors: Dobler Andreas , Haugen Jan Erik , Benestad Rasmus Emil
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Regional climate models can provide estimates for quantities that are difficult to study in empirical studies, such as cloud cover, wind, sea-ice or dependencies between variables. In this study, the regional climate model COSMO-CLM was used to simulate local climate conditions over the Barents region and provide projections for the three emission scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The results indicate that the most pronounced local warming can be expected in winter in the high Arctic near the present sea-ice border. The changes reach up to 20K, resulting in future temperatures close to melting. Similar spatial patterns are seen for changes in precipitation and wind in all scenarios, but with different amplitudes. Precipitation sensitivities, however, show the highest values along the west coast of Norway and in the Arctic during summer. For clouds, the projections show a decrease in winter mean cloud cover over sea and an increase over land, dominated by changes in low layer clouds. Over the Barents sea, convective cloud fraction is projected to increase, together with an increases in convective and total precipitation. In contrast to the COSMO-CLM and two other regional climate models taken into account, the ensemble mean of the driving global models shows an increasing trend in total cloud cover over the Barents sea. An analysis of the opposing trends reveals that there is an added value in the regional climate model projections for the Barents region.
Exploring the sensitivity on a soil area-slope-grading relationship to
changes in process parameters using a pedogenesis model
Authors: Welivitiya W. D. Dimuth P. , Willgoose Garry R. , Hancock Greg R. , Cohen Sagy
Published: August 2016

Abstract. This paper generalises the physical dependence of the relationship between contributing area, local slope, and the surface soil grading using a pedogenesis model and allows an exploration of soilscape self-organisation. A parametric study was carried out using different parent materials, erosion, and weathering mechanisms. These simulations confirmed the generality of the area-slope-d50 relationship. The relationship is also true for other statistics of soil grading (e.g. d10,d90) and robust for different depths within the profile. For small area-slope regimes (i.e. hillslopes with small areas and/or slopes) only the smallest particles can be mobilised by erosion and the area-slope-d50 relationship appears to reflect the erosion model and its Shield's Stress threshold. For higher area-slope regimes, total mobilization of the entire soil grading occurs and self-organisation reflects the relative entrainment of different size fractions. Occasionally the interaction between the in-profile weathering and surface erosion draws the bedrock to the surface and forms a bedrock outcrop. The study also shows the influence on different depth-dependent in-profile weathering functions in the formation of the equilibrium soil profile and the grading characteristics of the soil within the profile. We outline the potential of this new model and its ability to numerically explore soil and landscape properties.
Vertical nutrient and trace element migration in cambisols after application of residues from anaerobic digestion of manure
Authors: Sager M.
Published: August 2016

Abstract. At an alpine grassland cambisol, one site had been intensely fertilized with urban sewage sludge for 10 years of 7.5 tons/ha annually, whereas an adjacent site had been left untreated. A model column experiment was set up to investigate changes of permeabilities and trace element retentions at 0–20 cm and 20–60 cm layers thereof. The particular goal was to monitor losses of nutrients to deeper soil layers or aquifers from biogas residues deposited on site. Residual slurry after biogas production or equivalent amount of water were added on top of the model columns, followed by gradual elution with de-ionized water at amounts of expected rainfall at the sampling site (1000 mm). Long-term sludge treatment changed organic carbon, soil nutrients as well as Ba, Cu, Pb, and Zn significantly, resulting in different vertical migration and elution of applied substances. Differences between the mobilities of P, Fe, S, Cu, B, as well as nitrate and ammonia losses were much more affected by the long-term sludge pretreatment than by the characteristics of the biogas residue or just de-ionized water applied on top of the columns. Largest differences between biogas residue addition and water only were noticed for zinc and ammonia. The addition of iron salts in order to increase sulfide precipitation, had measurable but low effects.
Espacios, discursos y modos de habitar Chimbote en Hombres de mar, de Óscar Colchado Lucio. Hacia una tradición de la poética de la frontera chimbotana
Authors: Chandía Araya Marco
Published: August 2016

El presente trabajo estudia la novela Hombres de mar desde la conjugación de los fenómenos urbanos y literarios latinoamericanos recientes. El escenario es la ciudad-puerto de Chimbote, y el discurso, un relato que asume el conflicto de poderes entre los intereses del capital, que hizo del puerto el más grande de explotación pesquera del mundo, y las instancias comunitarias de resistencia, representadas metonímicamente por la bolichera Flor de Chimbote y el Colegio Politécnico, que agrupan a pescadores y estudiantes. El espacio se configura así en el diálogo de los universos públicos y privados que envuelve las distintas actividades del puerto: la pesca, el estudio, la fiesta y la política. Todas estas voces se verán expuestas en el espacio público por excelencia: el ágora, zona en la que se debaten las fuerzas del poder. La novela, un relato interdiscursivo, problematiza la realidad como un reclamo sociopolítico, pero también como una propuesta alternativa de rehabitar el histórico puerto peruano. De esta forma, restituye su memoria y, a través de ella, reafirma y reactualiza el continuum de una rica tradición literaria chimbotana.
Review. Regina Dalcastagnè, Representación y resistencia en la literatura brasileña contemporánea. Trad. Lucía Tennina y Adrián Dubinsky. Buenos Aires: Editorial Bilbos, 2015.
Authors: Cosimini Amy
Published: August 2016

Review of Regina Dalcastagnè
Escribir después del desastre: Violencia y testimonio en dos novelas de Álvaro Bisama
Authors: Anabalon Natalia Alejandra
Published: August 2016

En este artículo se analizan las distintas manifestaciones de recuerdo, testimonio, testigo, horror y violencia que se encuentran en la novela Estrellas Muertas del escritor Álvaro Bisama, novela que resulta ser un canto de una posdictadura en Chile. Se hace una breve revisión de la obra del autor y sus contemporáneos, luego se realiza un repaso al contexto histórico de la época en pugna desde los setenta a noventa con el propósito de demostrar desde donde escribe el autor y esperando colaborar al diálogo y la discusión entorno a los conceptos entregados.
Crítica literaria en el Chile neoliberal: la invisibilización de la disidencia.
Authors: Hernández Patricia Espinosa
Published: August 2016

Este artículo aborda el ejercicio de la crítica literaria en Chile al interior de las, cada vez más, complejas prácticas de anulación de la disidencia. La negación de la diferencia que atrapa a la sociedad chilena, suprime las disonancias, eludiendo la diversidad discursiva. Por lo mismo, el mercado convierte a la crítica literaria en un eslabón más de la cadena de difusión del libro, una parte de la estrategia de propaganda. La crisis que vive la crítica literaria y nuestra literatura es solo una parte de la catástrofe cultural que implica la mercantilización de la realidad en su conjunto. Asistimos a una privatización del pensamiento crítico y, por ende, a la neutralización de las subjetividades; es por ello que sostengo la urgencia de reivindicar la crítica desde el minoritario territorio de la subjetividad como un acto de resistencia cultural.
Reseña. Eugenia Prado Bassi. "Objetos del silencio. Secretos de infancia". Santiago: Ceibo, 2015
Authors: Moreno Turner Fernando
Published: August 2016

Reseña Eugenia Prado
The Castle of Smar Jbeil—A Frankish Feudal Stronghold in Lebanon
Authors: Chaaya Anis
Published: August 2016

Smar Jbeil is a medieval stronghold built during the Crusader period. A feudal mountain castle belonging to the barony of Boutron (Batrun), it was part of the Crusader county of Tripoli. The castle witnessed three consecutive phases of construction. The first phase is dated to the first quarter of the twelfth century AD. The barbican was built in third phase of construction, and its architectural elements date to the beginning of the second half of the twelfth century AD. This typical mountain fortress acted as a military observation post, controlling the settlements and sites of the inner countryside.
Expediente V5N1
Authors: Editorial AtoZ Comitê
Published: August 2016

Informações sobre a elaboração do respectivo número
RESPOSTA DA CULTURA DA SOJA (Glycine max L. Merril) À APLICAÇÃO DE ACETATO DE ZINCO AMONIACAL VIA SEMENTE
Authors: Ribas Milléo Marcos Vinicius , Cristófoli Isadora
Published: August 2016

Com o objetivo de avaliar a resposta da soja à aplicação de acetato de zinco amoniacal (ACA Plus) via semente, desenvolveram-se três trabalhos em campos experimentais distintos, no decorrer das safras 2012/13, 2013/14 e 2014/15, nos respectivos municípios paranaenses: Cornélio Procópio, Palmeira e Ponta Grossa. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, contendo 5 tratamentos e 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 1) Controle absoluto (sem adubação de base e sem tratamento de semente); 2) Controle (sem tratamento de semente); 3) ACA Plus – fonte de nitrogênio + zinco (2 mL kg-1 de semente); 4) ACA Plus (4 mL kg-1 de semente); 5) FortSeed Dry – fonte de cobalto+molibdênio (2,0 g kg-1 de semente). A partir das médias dos dados relativos às três safras, relatou-se que com a aplicação de ACA Plus, quanto à aplicação de cobalto e molibdênio, houve incrementos significativos para: altura de plantas, massa fresca de raízes, massa seca de raízes e número de vagens por planta. Consequentemente, as maiores produtividades foram obtidas mediante a aplicação do ACA Plus. A aplicação de ACA Plus via sementes é uma técnica viável e que pode melhorar o estande final da cultura da sojaPalavras-chave: plantio direto, tratamento de sementes, micronutrientes, produtividade
FAUNA EDÁFICA EM PASTAGEM PERENE SOB DIFERENTES FONTES DE NUTRIENTES
Authors: Geremia Eliana Vera , Corá Segat Julia , Fachini Ivandro Antonio , Oliveira da Fonseca Edir , Baretta Dilmar
Published: August 2016

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de fontes de adubação em pastagem de Tifton 85 sobre a fauna edáfica e a relação desta com as variáveis físico-químicas do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em um Latossolo testando três fontes de adubação: 1) orgânica com aplicação de adubo orgânico a base de cama de aves (O); 2) orgânica + mineral O + fertilizante mineral (OM) e 3) adubação mineral (M). O delineamento experimental foi constituído de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. A coleta para avaliação da fauna edáfica foi realizada por armadilhas do tipo “Trampas de Tretzel” e, nos mesmos pontos, foram coletadas amostras de solo para análise dos atributos químicos, mensurada a resistência à penetração e umidade do solo. Houve relação entre a abundância de grupos da fauna edáfica com algumas variáveis ambientais e físico-químicas do solo, especialmente a umidade, matéria orgânica, potássio e fósforo. O tratamento O proporcionou maiores valores de abundância e diversidade da fauna edáfica, não sendo a abundância diferente do tratamento OM.Palavras-chave: Bioindicadores, fauna do solo, sustentabilidade, análise multivariada.
CARACTERÍSTICAS QUÍMICAS DE SOLO COM VITICULTURA ORGÂNICA E BIODINÂMICA
Authors: Cavallet Luiz Ermindo , Di Foggia Michele , Rusin Carine
Published: August 2016

O sistema de cultivo biodinâmico é uma modalidade de sistema de produção orgânica em que se aplicam produtos segundo um protocolo definido, permitindo estimular algumas características tidas como benéficas para solo e planta. Objetivou-se avaliar as diferenças em valores de parâmetros de solo entre agricultura biodinâmica e orgânica em vinha (Vitis vinifera L.). Foram avaliados matéria orgânica, N total, P assimilável, K, Ca, Mg, Na trocável, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu e B assimilável. Teores solúveis de Cl, K, Ca, Mg, e Na; CTC; salinidade; C/N; amônio, nitrato; areia, silte e argila. Houve maior concentração de amônio no sistema biodinâmico. Não foram encontradas diferenças nos demais parâmetros de fertilidade do solo. O solo com sistema biodinâmico apresentou valores superiores de Ca (solúvel em água) e do índice de salinidade. É possível que essa maior quantidade do elemento cálcio tenha sido originado da constituição química dos preparados biodinâmicos.Palavras-chave: Vitis vinifera L., nitrato, amônio, preparados biodinâmicos
COMPORTAMENTO DE FUGA DE COLÊMBOLOS EXPOSTOS A SOLOS CONTAMINADOS COM CIPERMETRINA
Authors: Zortéa Talyta , Baretta Dilmar , Corá Segat Julia , Maccari Ana Paula , Duarte Maluche Baretta Carolina Riviera , Schafer da Silva Aleksandro
Published: August 2016

Avaliar a toxicidade da cipermetrina para organismos do solo é uma forma de entender os efeitos deste fármaco sobre organismos não-alvo e a utilização da ecotoxicologia terrestre, que possui normas padronizadas ISO para a realização dos ensaios, permite entender esses efeitos em um âmbito mais próximo de um ecossistema natural. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o efeito da aplicação do fármaco cipermetrina no comportamento de colêmbolos da espécie Folsomia candida. Para a realização dos ensaios foi utilizado um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico proveniente da região oeste de Santa Catarina e o Solo Artificial Tropical (SAT). Os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiam em concentrações de cipermetrina de 0; 7,5; 15; 22,5 e 30 mg kg-1. O número de indivíduos no teste de comportamento de fuga foi analisado através do “Fisher Exact Test”. Tanto o solo natural como o solo artificial apresentaram fuga de colêmbolos desde a menor dose de cipermetrina testada (7,5 mg kg-1), resultados que evidenciam a toxicidade do produto utilizado. Os valores de AC50 (Avoidance concentration - concentração efetiva de 50% de fuga) para Latossolo e SAT foram de 8,58 mg kg-1 e 6,47 mg kg-1, respectivamente. Deste modo, a presença de cipermetrina afeta negativamente o comportamento de colêmbolos F. candida.Palavras-chave: ecotoxicologia terrestre, Folsomia candida, Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, piretróide.
INDICADORES HIDROLÓGICOS PARA A GESTÃO DE RECURSOS HÍDRICOS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO MANUEL ALVES DA NATIVIDADE, TOCANTINS
Authors: Assaid Martins Rodrigues Jéssica , De Oliveira Andrade Alberto Carlos , Ribeiro Viola Marcelo , Vieira Morais Marco Antonio
Published: August 2016

Objetivou-se no presente trabalho caracterizar o regime hidrológico da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Manuel Alves da Natividade, TO, com seção de controle no posto fluviométrico denominado Fazenda Lobeira. Para tanto, foram quantificados indicadores hidrológicos regionais associados a vazões médias, mínimas e máximas, precipitação média na bacia, balanço hídrico anual, além de suas principais características morfométricas. Foram utilizadas cenas do modelo digital de elevação ASTER em ambiente SIG e séries históricas pluviométricas e fluviométricas disponibilizadas pela Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA). Os resultados mostraram que o regime de chuvas apresenta forte concentração no verão, com 50,4% do total anual entre os meses de dezembro, janeiro e fevereiro. Os indicadores de eventos hidrológicos extremos máximos mostraram que em um ano hidrológico típico a vazão média de cheia supera em 7,1 vezes a vazão média, e que o evento com recorrência de 100 anos, que é um indicativo do vulto da cheia associada com a inundação da zona ribeirinha supera em 2,2 vezes a vazão média de cheia na bacia. O período de vazante é fortemente influenciado pelo longo período de estiagem, que apresenta 5 meses consecutivos com precipitação inferior a 50 mm (maio a setembro). A análise de indicadores hidrológicos associados com vazões mínimas de referência identificou alta vulnerabilidade natural dos recursos hídricos superficiais, permitindo concluir que o incentivo à adoção de práticas conservacionistas de manejo de bacias hidrográficas e de obras de regularização são essenciais para a otimização dos recursos hídricos superficiais nesta bacia.Palavras-chave: modelo digital de elevação, morfometria, hidrologia, rendimento específico.
Introduction: Lucian, A Protean Pepaideumenos
Authors: Andrade Nathanael , Rush Emily
Published: August 2016

This introduction to the special section explores how Lucian’s treatment of textual representation, declamation and physical performance, and artistic likenesses renders reality or knowledge to be matters of subjective viewership, inherently contestable, constantly recreated, and anchored in contests for authority. In his works, observant narrators and comic heroes routinely expose rival sophists or philosophers to be actors in a spectacle but reveal that their posturing as cultured (pepaideumenoi) rhetors can be characterized in precisely the same way. And yet the ostensible author of these texts is the most Protean actor, and the most compelling fiction, of them all.
Philosophers Redux: The Hermotimus, the Fisherman, and the Role of Dead Philosophers
Authors: Peterson Anna
Published: August 2016

This article reexamines the Hermotimus’s status as a Lucianic anomaly: a serious dialogue. Recent scholarship on the Hermotimus has focused on its debt to the Platonic dialogue and to the writings of Sextus Empiricus; but the Hermotimus also contains telling similarities to other Lucianic dialogues. An analysis of characters and scenarios familiar from the Lover of Lies, the Symposium, and the Fisherman suggests that, despite its outwardly serious tone, the Hermotimus follows the Lucianic trope of blending the comic with the serious to expose the foibles of philosophers. This article therefore reframes the way we approach this dialogue by highlighting the protreptic function of Lucianic comedy to inspire the Hermotimus philosophically.
Parallel Plays: Lucian’s Philosophers and the Stage
Authors: Lefebvre Kerry
Published: August 2016

Lucian’s Nigrinus poses difficult questions of interpretation: is this work serious or satirical? If Lucian is writing satire, what or whom exactly is he mocking? I argue that Lucian has given us linguistic clues about interpreting the Nigrinus through his use of words related to the stage and theater: Lucian consistently uses such language to highlight fraud at key moments in the Alexander, Peregrinus, and Nigrinus. By reading these works synoptically, we discover that Lucian employs theatrical language in the Nigrinus to expose and mock a variety of figures, including Nigrinus, the convert, false philosophers, and perhaps his readers as well.
A Comparative Study of Performers of the Manas Epic
Authors: Jumaturdu Adil
Published: August 2016

For more than ten centuries, the culture of the Kyrgyz people has found chief expression through their oral traditions. The epic Manas, a prized form of Kyrgyz oral tradition, is still performed today in both Kyrgyzstan and the Xinjiang region of China. Research on the epic singers known as manaschys, or singers of Manas, is therefore of great significance. Manaschys are talented singers who can perform epic songs both artistically and creatively. Rather than memorizing a text, the manaschy (also spelled manaschï, manasqi, etc.) has the ability to produce new versions of epic songs through the art of composition in performance. This paper focuses on six representative manaschys of the twentieth century.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 6, No. 4
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: August 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2016.
Which Diagnostic Approach Is More Valid? The DSM or the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis
Authors: Rofé Yacov
Published: August 2016

This article challenges the validity of the DSM-III to exclude neurosis, a decision that has led the DSM to become  “an expanding list of disease, from a few dozen disorders in the first edition to well over 200” (Grinker, 2010, p. 169; see also Warelow & Holmes, 2011). It points out the unanimous consensus that the best diagnostic approach would be a theory that can account for the development and treatment of certain diagnostic categories and, at the same time, provide measurable criteria that can distinguish them from other behaviors. Accordingly, it shows that a new theory, the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis (RCTN) (Rofé, 2000, 2010, 2016; Rofé & Rofé, 2013, 2015), which despite profound differences is similar to psychoanalysis in several fundamental respects, can offer practical diagnostic criteria that differentiate neurosis from other disorders. Three types of evidence, including a review of research literature, case studies and a new study that directly examined the validity of RCTN’s diagnostic criteria, support the validity of neurosis. The greatest advantage of RCTN’s diagnostic approach is not only is based on empirical evidence instead of the consensus of biased researchers. Rather, their main contribution is that it emerged out of a theory that succeeded to integrate research and clinical data pertaining to the development and treatment of neurosis.