bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Block-encoding structured matrices for data input in quantum computing
Authors: Sünderhauf Christoph , Campbell Earl , Camps Joan
Published: January 2024

The cost of data input can dominate the run-time of quantum algorithms. Here, we consider data input of arithmetically structured matrices via block encoding circuits, the input model for the quantum singular value transform and related algorithms. We demonstrate how to construct block encoding circuits based on an arithmetic description of the sparsity and pattern of repeated values of a matrix. We present schemes yielding different subnormalisations of the block encoding; a comparison shows that the best choice depends on the specific matrix. The resulting circuits reduce flag qubit number according to sparsity, and data loading cost according to repeated values, leading to an exponential improvement for certain matrices. We give examples of applying our block encoding schemes to a few families of matrices, including Toeplitz and tridiagonal matrices.
Rethinking the National Policy of the USSR
Authors: Fenshu Ma , Fengli Guo
Published: January 2024

In the twentieth century, the Soviet Union went through a complex process of revolution, rise, crisis, reform and disintegration, which is strongly influenced by its national policy. Despite successful governance experience of the USSR, national problems, in particular ethnic contradictions, accompany the entire history of the Soviet Union and have become one of the most important factors in its collapse, which demonstrates serious shortcomings in the national policy of the USSR. All this means that rethinking the national policy of the Union state in order to learn lessons is of urgent importance both for modern Russia and for other multinational states.
Development of Public-Private Partnerships in Russia from 2015 to 2023
Authors: Zemskov Pavel A.
Published: January 2024

Public-private partnership (PPP) is a financial instrument that allows attracting private investment in the development of social infrastructure and allocating budget funds more efficiently. The goals of this tool are to improve the quality of life of the population and raise the welfare of the country. Within the framework of the theory of a mixed economy, the state, through PPP, abandons inefficient forms of management, shifting the management of state property and various responsibilities to the private sector, which brings organizational experience and various innovations to production, invests its own funds in the development of the enterprise and minimizes the risks of entrepreneurial activity. The important aspect of exploring the opportunities that public-private partnership brings for the Russian Federation and private business is to consider the development of PPP over the past few years. Taking into account the stated fact, a small study was conducted, consisting in the analysis of the development of public-private partnership in Russia in the period from 2015 to 2023.
An Investigation into the Retention of Talent in the Nigeria Banking Sector
Authors: Bamigboye Tolulope , Abdulazeez Abdulmaleek O.
Published: January 2024

This study aims to investigate talent retention in the Nigeria Banking Sector using Wema Bank Plc. as a case study. To achieve this aim, the primary source of data was employed to collect data from respondents. Specifically, semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data from nine (9) employees at Wema Bank. Data retrieved were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings from the semi-structured interview showed that factors such as poor remuneration, non-flexibility in work arrangements, poor performance management process, increased workload, and increased stress levels are responsible for the increased rate of talent turnover in Nigeria Banks. In addition, it was discovered that the increased turnover rate caused by the identified factors had been the cause of poor service delivery of banks, especially in areas such as Internet banking and mobile applications. Furthermore, employee resistance to change, non-commitment of the management team, and budget constraints were identified as challenges causing a hindrance to the implementation of some of the talent retention strategies created by Wema Bank. Thus, based on the findings from the semi-structured interview, training and educating talent, ensuring timely promotion, pay increase in such a way that offers more than competitors within and outside the banking industry, rewarding and recognising talent, implementing flexible work arrangements, and ensuring cross border recruitment, have been found suitable for improving talent retention in Nigerian Banks. Furthermore, the study recommended implementing flexible work arrangement policies and practices to help reduce workload and stress and ensure a healthy work-life balance.
STRATEGI SOSIAL MEDIA KHAS PARAPAT MEMPERTAHANKAN REPUTASI DITENGAH TREND INDUSTRI PASCA PANDEMI
Authors: Fero David
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi sosial media Khas Parapat dalam mempertahankan reputasi ditengah berkembangnya trend industri pariwisata pasca pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian ini adalah studi deskriptif kualitatif. Peneliti melakukan pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Khas Parapat memiliki strategi dalam memanfaatkan sosial media untuk mempertahankan reputasi antara lain diterapkannya aksi dan alokasi sumber daya yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya, melakukan penyesuaian terhadap kecepatan inovasi pasar yang baru dan merencanakan program sesuai dengan trend industri pariwisata yang berkembang saat ini dimana sangat dipengaruhi perubahan pola konsumen dalam berwisata.
Highly pathogenic influenza H5: risks of a new pandemic strain developing
Authors: Danilenko D. M. , Komissarov A. B. , Perederiy A. A. , Fadeyev A. V. , Lioznov D. A.
Published: January 2024

The review provides brief historical information on the highly pathogenic influenza A (H5) and presents data on massive outbreaks caused by this subtype. It includes historical background, data on outbreaks, and the formation of potentially pandemic viruses. The abstract also highlights the current state of the problem, such as the spread of H5 influenza in new territories and its ability to infect mammals and humans. The issues of vaccination for poultry and the challenges of implementing it globally are addressed. Furthermore, the risks of further spread of the virus and the emergence of pandemic strains are being discussed.
List of Papers, 2023
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: January 2024

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Prediction of the risk of recurrence of the leprosy process
Authors: Genatullina G. N. , Yasenyavskaya A. L. , Tsibizova A. A. , Samotrueva M. A.
Published: January 2024

The aim of the study was to study the degree of neutrophil granulocyte myeloperoxidase activity in peripheral blood of patients with leprosy in order to predict the possible recurrence of the infectious process.Materials and methods. Electron grams of biopsies of the affected skin and blood smears of 8 (5 women and 3 men) patients with borderline (BB), 9 (6 women and 3 men) patients with subpolar lepromatous (LLs) and 7 (4 women and 3 men) patients with polar lepromatous (LLr) were used as the object of the study forms of leprosy. At the ultramicroscopic level, the degree of MP activity detected by the electron-cytochemical method in the Mf of biopsies of the affected skin, both first registered before the start of therapy and with the activation of the process during treatment, was taken into account. The percentage of mitochondria with MP Mf activity relative to the MP of inactive cells was calculated. In peripheral blood smears, the activity of neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) MP was evaluated by the mean cytochemical coefficient (SCC).Results. It was found that in patients with the highest percentage of peroxidase-active mitochondria (79-92%), the presence of MP activity on the membranes of phagosomes and in the electron-transparent zone (around M. leprae) correlated with rapid and persistent regression of the leprosy process and long periods of relapse-free period, which was determined by comparing the data of medical histories with the results obtained in during our research. It was found that in patients without relapse with forms of BB and LLs leprosy, the activity of MP in neutrophils was 1.3 times higher (p<0.05), and the percentage of peroxidase-active mitochondria was 3 times higher (p<0.01) compared with these indicators of patients with relapse of the disease. When comparing the studied markers of groups of patients without relapse with the form of leprosy LLp, the degree of MP NG activity increased by 1.4 times (p<0.05), the percentage of mitochondria with MP Mf activity increased by 3 times (p<0.01) relative to patients with relapses.Conclusion. Thus, the determination of myeloperoxidase activity of neutrophil granulocytes of peripheral blood can act as a prognostic marker for determining the effectiveness of anti-leprosy therapy and the risk of relapses of the disease during and after treatment.
Przetwórstwo, handel i spożycie mleka i produktów mlecznych w Polsce w latach 2003-2005 oraz prognozowane kierunki zmian
Authors: Pietrzak Michał , Szajner Piotr
Published: January 2024

W artykule przedstawiono stan obecny i perspektywy przetwórstwa oraz handlu i spożycia mleka i produktów mlecznych. W latach 2003-2005 polskie mleczarstwo rozwijało się dynamicznie, postępowały przemiany strukturalne w przetwórstwie i handlu, nastąpił skokowy wzrost eksportu, zwłaszcza do UE, kontynuowany był spadkowy trend spożycia mleka i przetworów. W przyszłości należy spodziewać się stagnacji przerobu na poziomie ustalonym przez kwotę mleczną, kontynuacji przemian strukturalnych, ograniczania eksportu na rzecz stopniowo rosnącego popytu krajowego i w konsekwencji stopniowego zrównywania się wielkości importu z eksportem, być może nawet Polska stanie się importerem netto. Wyrównujące się ceny surowca w poszerzonej UE oraz niska wydajność pracy wskazują na potrzebę redukcji przerostów zatrudnienia w celu utrzymania konkurencyjności polskiego mleczarstwa.
Bezpieczeństwo finansowe a efektywność zaangażowania kapitałów własnych
Authors: Franc-Dąbrowska Justyna
Published: January 2024

W artykule przeprowadzono analizę bezpieczeństwa finansowego i jego związku z wysokością stóp zwrotu z kapitałów własnych wśród przedsiębiorstw w dzierżawie, jednoosobowych spółek agencji i gospodarstw administrowanych. Stwierdzono, iż występuje bezpośrednia zależność między zachowaniem bezpieczeństwa finansowego, którego wyznacznikami są: płynność finansowa oraz sprawność gospodarowania, w tym cykl kapitału obrotowego, a efektywnością zaangażowania kapitałów własnych. Najkorzystniejsze wielkości wskaźnika bezpieczeństwa finansowego i najwyższej stopy zwrotu z kapitałów własnych cechowały przedsiębiorstwa dzierżawione, najgorsze wskaźniki oraz wyniki były charakterystyczne dla gospodarstw administrowanych.
Zmiany w organizacji i wynikach produkcyjno-ekonomicznych rodzinnych gospodarstw towarowych w latach 1995-2005
Authors: Sulewski Piotr
Published: January 2024

W pracy przedstawiono zmiany, jakie dokonały się w grupie gospodarstw towarowych w okresie ostatnich 10 lat. W analizowanej zbiorowości zaobserwowano przede wszystkim znaczne zwiększenie przeciętnej powierzchni użytków rolnych oraz skali produkcji zwierzęcej. Zaobserwowane zmiany organizacyjne wpłynęły na sytuację dochodową gospodarstw, która pomimo poprawy pozostaje bardzo zróżnicowana w badanych gospodarstwach.
Funkcjonowanie podatku VAT w opiniach rolników indywidualnych
Authors: Wasilewski Mirosław , Gruziel Kinga
Published: January 2024

Przedstawiono opinie rolników dotyczące oceny funkcjonowania, skutków wprowadzenia oraz sposobu i korzyści rozliczania podatku VAT na zasadach ogólnych i ryczałtu w gospodarstwach rolniczych.
Organizacja i wyniki produkcyjno-ekonomiczne przedsiębiorstw wielkoobszarowych produkujących mleko w latach 1995-2002
Authors: Grontkowska Anna
Published: January 2024

W opracowaniu przedstawiono zmiany sytuacji produkcyjno-ekonomicznej gospodarstw wielkoobszarowych produkujących mleko w latach 1995-2002 w zależności od formy organizacyjno-prawnej. Z badań wynika, że ich liczba zmniejszała się. Z produkcji mleka wycofywały się przede wszystkim jednostki o mniejszej powierzchni użytków rolnych. Niezależnie od formy organizacyjno-prawnej badane jednostki zwiększały liczbę krów w stadzie oraz wielkość produkcji mleka, zarówno na gospodarstwo, jak i od jednej krowy. Zanotowano zróżnicowanie pomiędzy analizowanymi formami organizacyjno-prawnymi w zakresie wydajności pracy: najniższą charakteryzowały się jednostki pozostające własnością Skarbu Państwa, zaś najwyższą – sprywatyzowane lub sprywatyzowane w zakresie zarządzania (dzierżawa).
Wpływ zadłużenia na efektywność produkcji i kapitału w gospodarstwach specjalizujących się w produkcji mleka
Authors: Sass Roman
Published: January 2024

Ocenę sytuacji ekonomicznej prowadzono w gospodarstwach, w których dominującym kierunkiem była produkcja mleka. Do badań wykorzystano dane z gospodarstw prowadzących rachunkowość rolną w 2003 roku z terenu całego kraju. Analizowane gospodarstwa podzielono na sześć grup w zależności od poziomu zadłużenia, mierzonego wskaźnikiem zadłużenia (całkowite zadłużenie do kapitału ogółem).
Możliwości rozwojowe gospodarstw ukierunkowanych na produkcję mleka
Authors: Parzonko Andrzej
Published: January 2024

W opracowaniu przedstawiono możliwości i ekonomiczne uzasadnienie rozwoju gospodarstw ukierunkowanych na chów bydła mlecznego, sprzedających rocznie 28 tysięcy litrów mleka z gospodarstwa. Przyjęty poziom sprzedaży był zbliżony do przeciętnych dostaw mleka z polskich gospodarstw do zakładów mleczarskich w roku kwotowym 2004/2005. Z dokonanej analizy wynika, że produkcja mleka na tym poziomie przynosiła tylko minimalne dochody. Uwzględniając dodatkowo koszty zaangażowania własnych czynników produkcji (ziemi, pracy, kapitału) okazuje się, że analizowana działalność wiązała się z wysoką stratą. Inwestycje pozwalające na zwiększenie skali produkcji, finansowane kredytem preferencyjnym, prowadzą do zachwiania płynności finansowej. Analizowane gospodarstwa mają niewielkie szanse rozwoju w chowie bydła mlecznego. Muszą szukać dochodów poza gospodarstwem.
Poszukiwanie równowagi ekonomiczno-ekologicznej i etycznej w produkcji mleka
Authors: Runowski Henryk
Published: January 2024

W opracowaniu podjęto próbę określenia przyczyn występujących dysproporcji w realizacji celów ekonomicznych, ekologicznych i etycznych w procesie rolniczego gospodarowania oraz wskazania sposobów przywracania równowagi między tymi celami na przykładzie chowu bydła mlecznego. Poza studiami literatury wykorzystano wyniki badań własnych przeprowadzonych w stadzie krów liczącym 256 szt. Materiał źródłowy do badań zebrano na podstawie szczegółowej analizy historii życia poszczególnych krów opisanej za pomocą wielu wskaźników hodowlano-produkcyjnych i ekonomicznych. Wskazano możliwości przywracania równowagi między celami ekonomicznymi, ekologicznymi i etycznymi w chowie bydła mlecznego
Wielkość stada a dochód z zarządzania w gospodarstwach wyspecjalizowanych w chowie bydła mlecznego
Authors: Sass Roman
Published: January 2024

Głównym celem przeprowadzonych badań jest ocena sytuacji ekonomicznej w gospodarstwach nastawionych na produkcję mleka w zależności od skali produkcji, mierzonej liczbą krów w gospodarstwie. Podstawowym źródłem danych do przeprowadzenia analizy były informacje gromadzone w ramach Polskiego FADN. Spośród ogólnej liczby gospodarstw prowadzących rachunkowość rolną w 2005 roku, wykorzystano dane z 885 gospodarstw nastawionych na chów bydła mlecznego (TF 41) z terenu całej Polski. Sytuacja ekonomiczna gospodarstw nastawionych na produkcję mleka uwarunkowana jest skalą produkcji. Im większa skala produkcji tym gospodarstwa osiągają wyższe dochody oraz wyższą produktywność i dochodowość ziemi oraz wyższą opłatę pracy. Szczególnie korzystne wyniki osiągają gospodarstwa utrzymujące powyżej 50 krów.
Efektywność spółdzielni i pozostałych form prawnych działających w przemyśle mleczarskim z wykorzystaniem metody DEA
Authors: Baran Joanna
Published: January 2024

W artykule przedstawiono analizę efektywności przedsiębiorstw przetwórstwa mleka i produkcji serów (spółdzielni oraz pozostałych form prawnych). Wykorzystując metodę DEA zbadano efektywność techniczną oraz efektywność skali poszczególnych obiektów w latach 1997-2005.
Sytuacja ekonomiczna gospodarstw zajmujących się produkcją mleka w różnych scenariuszach zmian cen produktów rolnych
Authors: Wilczyński Artur , Karolewska Małgorzata
Published: January 2024

Artykuł przedstawia analizę sytuacji ekonomicznej gospodarstw zajmujących się produkcją mleka po wdrożeniu czterech scenariuszy kształtowania się cen uzyskiwanych przez producentów rolnych oraz scenariusza zmian kosztów produkcji w latach 2007-2009. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że w momencie obowiązywania cen światowych dochodowość gospodarstw gwałtownie się pogorszy, przy jednoczesnym ponoszeniu strat z działalności rolniczej. Wszystkie scenariusze wdrożone w gospodarstwach, w których wysoki poziom udziału w przychodach stanowią przychody z produkcji mleka, spowodowały spadek dochodu rolniczego netto w latach 2007-2009.
Działalność Komitetu Ekonomiki Rolnictwa PAN w 50-lecie powstania. Fakty, opinie, refleksje
Authors: Górecki Jan
Published: January 2024

Przedstawiono tekst wystąpienia na posiedzeniu Komitetu Ekonomiki Rolnictwa PAN z okazji 50-lecia istnienia tego komitetu. Wskazano działania podejmowane w zakresie znaczenia czynnika ludzkiego oraz systemu kształcenia jako ważnego problemu rozwoju ekonomiki rolnictwa, agrobiznesu i terenów wiejskich.
Podatek rolny a podatek dochodowy. Konsekwencje zmian dla gospodarstw rolniczych
Authors: Gruziel Kinga , Wasilewski Mirosław
Published: January 2024

Przedstawiono koncepcję i konsekwencje finansowe zastąpienia podatku rolnego podatkiem dochodowym w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolniczych. Badaniami objęto gospodarstwa rolnicze funkcjonujące w systemie FADN z regionu Mazowsze i Podlasie. Gospodarstwa klasyfikowano według kryterium powierzchni UR oraz typu rolniczego.
Koszty likwidacji plantacji wierzby krzewiastej
Authors: Kisiel Roman , Stolarski Mariusz , Szczukowski Stefan , Tworkowski Józef
Published: January 2024

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie kosztów likwidacji plantacji Salix spp. metodą chemiczno-mechaniczną. Podstawą badań była plantacja wierzby krzewiastej na 15-letnim korzeniu zlokalizowanej na Nizinie Kwidzyńskiej w pradolinie Wisły. Całkowity koszt likwidacji plantacji Salix spp. wyniósł 2075,60 zł /ha. Z wszystkich przeprowadzonych prac w trakcie likwidacji plantacji największe koszty (1432 zł/ha) poniesiono na ręczne usuwanie wyoranych karp z pola połączone z ich wywożeniem. W przypadku 10-letniego okresu użytkowania plantacji roczne obciążenie potencjalnej nadwyżki bezpośredniej kosztami wynikającymi z jej likwidacji wynosiłoby około 208 zł/ha. Wydłużanie okresu eksploatacji plantacji do 25 lat obniżyłoby te koszty do 83 zł/ha.
The Unintended Consequences of Audit Materiality Disclosures on Whistleblowing Intentions
Authors: Festa Mackenzie M. , Holderness D. Kip , Jones Megan M. , Riley Richard A.
Published: January 2024

SYNOPSIS

Within the accounting profession, there exists disagreement about the merits of disclosing auditors’ materiality thresholds. Professional standards require materiality threshold disclosures in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands but not in the United States. Additionally, some audit firms, like PwC-Finland and PwC-Sweden, elect to disclose materiality voluntarily. Although disclosing materiality has been shown to benefit investor decision-making, prior research also suggests that client personnel may take advantage of the information to engage in earnings manipulations below the materiality threshold. We contribute to this debate by examining the influence of materiality disclosures on employee whistleblowing intentions. We conduct an experiment wherein we manipulate materiality threshold disclosure (absent or present) and earnings manipulation amount (above or below materiality). We find evidence that the disclosure of the materiality threshold significantly decreases whistleblowing intentions when earnings manipulation falls below materiality and has no effect on whistleblowing intentions for above-materiality earnings manipulation.

Data Availability: The data are available from the authors.
Sharing the Wealth: The Effects of Announced TCJA Bonuses on Employee Pay Satisfaction
Authors: Hutchens Michelle , Lynch Daniel P. , Stomberg Bridget
Published: January 2024

Many corporations publicly announced plans to share windfalls from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) with rank-and-file employees. We examine the association between these bonus announcements and workers’ pay satisfaction. Although employees are better off upon receiving the bonuses, prior literature suggests employees can be dissatisfied with awards they perceive as small or inequitable. By linking the bonuses to a corporate tax windfall, firms provided a reference point for employees to assess fairness. Using a difference-in-differences design, we find a greater decline in pay satisfaction at firms announcing a TCJA bonus relative to firms that do not. We also provide evidence of greater dissatisfaction among employees who perceive their share of the windfall as unfairly small. Considering increasing income disparity in the U.S. and a heightened focus on corporate taxes, we provide new and timely insights into how workers respond to changes in compensation linked to corporate tax savings.

Data Availability: Data are available from the sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: H25; M52.
Longitudinal effects of glucose-lowering medications on β-cell responses and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes: The GRADE randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rasouli Neda , Younes Naji , Ghosh Alokananda , Albu Jeanine , Cohen Robert M. , DeFronzo Ralph A. , Diaz Elsa , Sayyed Kassem Laure , Luchsinger José A. , McGill Janet B. , I. Sivitz William , Tamborlane William V. , Utzschneider Kristina M. , Kahn Steven E.
Published: January 2024

Objective: To compare the long-term effects of glucose-lowering medications (insulin glargine U-100, glimepiride, liraglutide, sitagliptin) when added to metformin on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function.

Research Design and Methods: In the GRADE cohort with type 2 diabetes (n=4,801), HOMA2 was used to estimate insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S) and fasting β-cell function (HOMA2-%B) at baseline and 1, 3, and 5 years on treatment. OGTT β-cell responses (C-peptide index [CPI] and total C-peptide response [incremental C-peptide/incremental glucose over 120 minutes]) were evaluated at the same timepoints. These responses adjusted for HOMA2-%S in regression analysis provided estimates of β-cell function.

Results: HOMA2-%S increased from baseline to year 1 with glargine and remained stable thereafter, while it did not change from baseline in the other treatment groups. HOMA2-%B and C-peptide responses increased to variable degrees at year 1 in all groups, but then declined progressively over time. At year 5, CPI was similar between liraglutide and sitagliptin, both higher than glargine and glimepiride (0.80, 0.87, 0.74, 0.64 (nmol/L)/(mg/dL)*100, respectively, p<0.001), while the total C-peptide response was greatest with liraglutide followed in descending order by sitagliptin, glargine and glimepiride (1.54, 1.25, 1.02, 0.87 (nmol/L)/(mg/dL)*100, respectively, p<0.001). After adjusting for HOMA2-%S to obtain an estimate of β-cell function, the nature of the change in β-cell responses reflected those in β-cell function.

Conclusion: The differential long-term effects on insulin sensitivity and β-cell function of four different glucose-lowering medications when added to metformin highlight the importance of the loss of β-cell function in the progression of type 2 diabetes.
Cyberterrorism as a Real Threat to the National Security of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kuzina S. I. , Sagiryan I. G.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The rapid change of the real-world situation is affecting our lives at a global scale and at the time of Russia carrying out the special military operation in Donbass the issues of terrorism of any kind are becoming acute. Since the Cold War times our country has not confronted such a hard-line challenge inspired by the unlawful ideology. The cybersecurity challenges and threats have reached such a scale that from the beginning of the 21st century the discussions about the cybercrimes, information warfare and information terrorism have started in the Russian legal field. In this regard, there arises the need for a comprehensive and consistent study of the structural organisation of the today criminal terrorist cyberspace communities. This will enable determining the disseminating potential of the ideological propaganda via Internet (the information and communication network), revealing the scheme of financing the cyber attacks on the critical infrastructural state facilities, and studying the methods and technologies of executing the terrorist offences in cyberspace. The research on cyberterrorism is relevant due to the widespread implementation of the information technologies into the national economy and the state administration authorities’ activities, vulnerability of the software and hardware to cyber threats, development of the international hacker network, and the improved level of organisation of the modern terrorist communities. The aim of the research is to form understanding about cyberterrorism, identify the reasons and determine the specifics of the modern terrorism-oriented cybercrimes in the context of transition to the polycentric world order.Materials and methods. The objects of the research are cyberterrorism and social relations arising from the establishment and enforcement of the cyberterrorism countermeasures in the frame of the criminal law. When conducting the study, the dialectical method of cognition was used as the main one, the general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as specific juridical methods, i.e. empirical (generalisation of judicial practice, criminal-statistical) and legalistic methods were applied.Results. The current state of cyberterrorism and its place in the structure of the terrorist offences encroaching on the national security of the Russian Federation have been analysed. The provisions of the cyberterrorism countering regulatory documents have been studied. Substantiated conclusions about the reasons for the emergence and dissemination of the terrorist offences in cyberspace have been made.Discussion and Conclusion. The conclusions drawn as a result of the research aim to supplement and expand the scientific knowledge about the essence of cyberterrorism, the reasons for its emergence and functioning in the modern geopolitical conditions, cyberterrorism legal regulation in the frame of the criminal law, as well as to serve the platform for further scientific research in this field.
Effects of Scaffolding in Genre-Based Writing Instructions on EFL Learners’ Writing Performance
Authors: Nguyen Thi Tram Anh , Truong Vien
Published: January 2024

Writing instructions have become one of the most regarded topics in the field of language teaching and learning when scholars found that SL/FL writing is believed to be a challenge for learners. To draw a fuller picture of the writing approach, writing instructions and its effects on EFL learners’ writing performance, this research was conducted to illustrate the areas of concern researchers have focused on regarding scaffolding in genre-based writing instruction. This research aimed to determine the effects of scaffolding in genre-based writing instruction on EFL learners’ writing performance. The second aim was to determine EFL learners’ attitudes toward using scaffolding in genre-based writing instruction on their writing test. This was an experimental study with one group of 34 participants. In this study, a combination of quantitative and qualitative data was utilized. The outcomes of the pre-test and post-test revealed that incorporating scaffolding in genre-based writing instruction significantly impacted EFL learners’ writing proficiency. Additionally, students responded to the writing instructions with a good attitude and greater confidence (M = 4.20). The study’s findings contributed to the present literature on scaffolding studies and genre-based writing instruction.
Assessment of Farmers Perception and Problems towards Adoption of Agroforestry Practices in Coastal Area of Bangladesh: A Study in Noakhali District
Authors: Islam Md. Shariful , Tripty Nelufar Yeasmin , Abdullah Hasan Muhammad , Rahman Md. Mahmudur
Published: January 2024

The economy of Bangladesh largely depends on agriculture. Agroforestry is one of the modern agricultural practices which ensure maximum utilization of resources and offer sustainable environmental and economic development. The present study was carried out to find out farmers’ perceptions and problems towards the adoption of agroforestry practices in the coastal area of Bangladesh. In total, 400 farmers were selected from five upazila of the Noakhali district following a proportionate random sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews, case studies, and focus group discussions (FGD) were used to obtain the data. Statics such as range, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square, and correlation analysis were applied. Most of the respondents were middle-aged (45%) with a low literacy rate and large family size (55%). The majority of them (50%) had small-sized land, and they had limited access to agricultural training. A greater part of the respondents (61%) had a very low level of knowledge of agroforestry practice. Silvopasture and homestead agroforestry system was practiced by most of the farmers (77%) without proper concept. Only 11% of the respondents know and practice multistrata agroforestry, which is one of the best agroforestry practice. The perception of the respondents towards the adoption of agroforestry was found low in most of the cases. They expressed a low level of acuity towards agroforestry, and they were not so interested towards the adoption of these practices. “Agroforestry adoption may be hampered by a lack of institutions and policies to support it” and “Lack of knowledge and awareness on agroforestry practice” was identified most significant problems with a chi-square value of 41.6 and 39.2 at 5% level of significance. Respondents’ knowledge of agroforestry, exposure to training, and farm size were positively and significantly correlated with their adoption of the practice (r = 0.437∗∗, 0.572∗∗, and 0.64∗∗, respectively). Demonstrations, awareness campaigns, financial incentives, and collaborations between government organizations and NGOs may increase the adoption of agroforestry practices in the coastal region of Bangladesh.
Pluritematismo, hibridismo, sincretismo y fragmentariedad en ¡Todos o ninguno! World's Game, de Juan Ceyles Domínguez
Authors: Matés Villalba Enrique
Published: January 2024

El presente trabajo se propone realizar un análisis exegético completo de la novela ¡Todos o ninguno! World’s Game. Una metafísica del juego, de Juan Ceyles Domínguez, la cual ha sido publicada en el año 2022 por la editorial El Toro Celeste dentro de su colección «Uróboros». Dicho análisis se estructura, tal y como anuncia el propio título, metodológicamente en cuatro bloques: «El pluritematismo», que se construye, principalmente, desde tres ejes: la ciencia, la ciencia ficción y los proyectos científicos utópicos; «El hibridismo», que se produce en la multiplicidad de discursos que permite y favorece la narrativa de Ceyles; «El sincretismo de la voz narradora», que pretende categorizarse según las diversas formas que esta toma; y «La estructura fragmentaria», clave explicativa de esta y de otras obras del autor. Con todo ello, se contribuye al estudio del universo de la obra de Juan Ceyles Domínguez y de la inaudita colección «Uróboros».
Jorge Urrutia Gómez (2023): De la naturaleza de las cosas (más o menos una antología)
Authors: Janicijevic Guardado Sandra
Published: January 2024

Reseña de Jorge Urrutia Gómez (2023): De la naturaleza de las cosas (más o menos una antología)
Yolanda García Serrano y Juan Carlos Rubio (2021): Música para Hitler
Authors: Morales Montoro Antonio Miguel
Published: January 2024

Reseña de Yolanda García Serrano y Juan Carlos Rubio (2021): Música para Hitler
The microbiome of peatland plants – literature review
Authors: Bartkowska Aleksandra , Mieczan Tomasz
Published: January 2024

The aggregate of various taxonomic groups of microorganisms colonising living organisms is known as the microbiome. The plant microbiome encompasses a wide network of biological, chemical and metabolic interactions between the plant and microorganisms (mainly algae, bacteria and protozoa). The relationships between microbes and peatland plants, particularly carnivorous plants, are a very interesting subject that is still little understood. Microbes colonising carnivorous peatland plants may be present in their traps or on the surface of the plant. Previous research on the relationships between the microbiome composition of carnivorous plants and the external factors influencing it directly and indirectly is still inadequate. There is a lack of review articles analysing the current state of knowledge regarding carnivorous plant–microbiome interactions. This review of the literature is a collection of data on the functioning of the microbiome of carnivorous plants growing in peatland ecosystems. In addition, it summarises the available information on host–microorganism relationships.
An overview of the (eco)toxicological effects of flame retardants emerging in water and sediment
Authors: Dowbysz Adriana M. , Samsonowicz Mariola , Kukfisz Bożena
Published: January 2024

Flame retardants (FRs) that have an adverse effect on human and the environment have been subject to regulation since 1972. However, FRs emerging as a replacement, are not proving to be fully environmentally safe. Water and sediment contamination by FRs, including organophosphorus (OPFRs) and novel brominated (NBFRs) ones, is a matter of major concern. Due to their common usage, many release sources, and relatively high mobility, they pose a threat to aquatic organisms and ecosystems. This review summarises studies on the OPFRs’, and NBFRs’ simultaneous occurrence in water and corresponding sediment. The main sources of occurrence and routes of entry of FRs into the environment are presented. The newest reports on the ecotoxicity of selected FRs had been summarised in order to bring the matter to attention. The research revealed that although great efforts had been made to study the occurrence of OPFRs and NBFRs in water and sediment separately, there is a lack of research on their occurrence in both media in the same area. Although major efforts have been made to study the ecotoxicity of OPFRs, there are some deficiencies for the NBFRs. Considering their relatively high ecotoxicity, further studies should be conducted on joint ecotoxicity, which may cause synergistic or antagonistic effects.
Numerical investigations of stilling basin efficiency downstream radial gates – A case study of New Assuit Barrage, Egypt
Authors: Elberry Mohamed , Ali Abdelazim , Abdelhaleem Fahmy , Ibrahim Amir
Published: January 2024

Radial gates are more common than vertical sluice gates for a number of reasons. They are simpler to use, cause less flow disturbance, require less lifting force, and deliver better discharge. Radial gates are commonly used in new barrages, such as the New Assuit Barrage. Prior researchers used physical investigations to study the efficiency of stilling basin downstream radial gates, but physical studies cost a lot of money and time, so numerical solutions should be investigated. The current study aimed to explore numerically the influence of stilling basin shape and baffle block arrangement on the stability of bed protection, near-bed velocity, energy dissipation, and hydraulic jump characteristics downstream of radial gates. Different 12 discharges were investigated, and their results were compared with previous physical results to verify the performance of the numerical results. The results obtained from the numerical model from all trials are almost identical to the physical model results. Five different alternative designs were carried out numerically to enhance the design of the New Assuit Barrage (NAB) spillway stilling basin. Results showed that alternatives 4 (changing the geometry of the basin by removing the end step and concrete slab) and 5 (as alternative 4 in addition to adding rounded baffle blocks presented in two rows arranged in a staggered way) gave good velocity distribution with low turbulence, low values of near-bed velocities, and stability of bed protection. Also, it is more economical because of the lower cost of concrete and excavation.
The assessment of elevation data consistency. A case study using the ALS and georeference database in the City of Kraków
Authors: Piech Izabela , Policht-Latawiec Agnieszka , Lackóová Lenka , Inglot Paulina
Published: January 2024

The integration of geodetic and photogrammetric data has become a new tool that has expanded the existing measurement capabilities, as well as it found its application outside the geodetic sector. As a result, over the past decades, the process of topographic data acquisition has caused cartographic industry to move from classical surveying methods to passive and active detection methods. The introduction of remote sensing technology has not only improved the speed of data acquisition but has also provided elevation data for areas that are difficult to access and survey. The aim of the work is to analyse consistency of elevation data from the Georeference Database of Topographic Objects (Pol. Baza danych obiektów topograficznych – BDOT500) with data from airborne laser scanning (ALS) for selected 15 research areas located in the City of Kraków. The main findings reveal discrepancies between elevation data sources, potentially affecting the accuracy of various applications, such as flood risk assessment, urban planning, and environmental management. The research gap identified in the study might stem from the lack of comprehensive investigations into the consistency and accuracy of elevation data across different databases and technologies in urban areas. This gap highlights the need for a thorough examination of the reliability of various data sources and methods of urban planning, disaster management, and environmental analysis. The integration of diverse databases and technologies, like ALS and geodetic measurements, in various applications introduces potential discrepancies that can significantly impact decision-making and outcomes.
Dissecting the complexity of Cidanau watershed governance through payment environment services and non-payment environment services
Authors: Budiarto Muh. S. , Widianingsih Ida , Muhtar Entang A. , Buchari Raden A. , Saksono Herie
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study is to examine the implementation of a combined scheme involving payment environment services (PES) and non-payment environment services (non-PES) in the management of the Cidanau River Basin. This study used exploratory research to analyse the structure and mechanism of PES and non-PES schemes for the governance system. The Cidanau Watershed governance is a pioneer in sustainable integrated water resources management in Indonesia and has persisted until the present time. The governance of the Cidanau Watershed is dynamic, resilient, and evolving in response to various changes in social and ecological systems. A bridging organisation like the Cidanau Watershed Communication Forum (Ind.: Forum Komunikasi DAS Cidanau – FKDC) requires legal standing to be visible and gain the trust of the public, especially when implementing a PES approach like the Cidanau River Basin, where service buyers utilise non-direct payment mechanisms. The challenging aspect of developing a PES scheme is empowering knowledge regarding the importance of soil and water preservation among upstream communities, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia, where upstream communities are predominantly composed of low-income farmers whose livelihoods depend on nature. The non-PES scheme represents the government’s mandatory responsibility, whereas the PES scheme presents public participation in active collaboration through the FKDC as an ad hoc institution. A combination of the non-PES and PES scheme approach can serve as a model and reference for similar river basin governance frameworks. Further research is needed regarding social networks and institutional development of sustainable watershed governance in the Cidanau River Basin.
Diversity of floristic composition of midfield baulks under different farming systems implemented on the outskirts of the Białowieża Forest
Authors: Kiryluk Aleksander , Kołos Aleksander
Published: January 2024

A study was conducted on changes in the abundance and diversity of floristic composition in baulks and cultivated agrocenoses in the area of the village of Nowokornino, located on the outskirts of the Białowieża Forest. Within the geodesic area of the village, which covers approximately 1,100 ha, agricultural crops are grown under three farming systems: conventional farming, integrated farming and organic farming. In the study area, there are unique marginal ecosystems in the form of mid-field baulks on which various weed species of ecological importance occur. Three study plots were designated on the baulks, and three plots on field crops Floristic surveys were carried out in 2016, 2020 and 2022. The cover of individual species was estimated according to the 7-level Braun-Blanquette scale. A total of 91 plant species belonging to 6 phytosociological groups were found, with the Stellarietea mediae group having the highest species richness. The significance of differences in floristic richness between study and control plots was tested by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical analysis showed that the factors differentiating the floristic composition on the baulks were their location within the cultivated agrocenoses, natural soil abundance and interaction with fertiliser factors. The highest species abundance of plants defined as weeds, occurred in fields under the integrated farming system (58 species), the lowest in fields under the conventional system (39 species). The vegetation of the baulks and adjacent arable fields was dominated by plants representing mainly three types of ecological strategies: C, R and C-R.
Green facades support biodiversity in urban environment – A case study from Poland
Authors: Oloś Grzegorz
Published: January 2024

Green walls, along with green roofs, parks, and vertical gardens, belong to the green infrastructure of cities, which will encompass the majority of humanity in the coming decades. Green infrastructure benefits both urban residents and nature in the urban landscape, although there is no scientific consensus on the extent to which green walls, especially green facades, impact biodiversity in cities. This study examined the influence of green facades on the richness of mammals, birds, and invertebrates, considering the species and age of the plants comprising the green facade in a medium-sized city located in southwestern Poland. It was found that the implementation of green facades significantly enhances species’ biodiversity compared to non-vegetated walls. Four synanthropic bird species were nesting on green facades: Eurasian collared dove ( Streptopelia decaocto), blackbird ( Turdus merula), house sparrow ( Passer domesticus) and woodpigeon ( Columba palumbus). For the beech marten (Martes foina), the green facades are a hunting ground for birds and their eggs. This simple and effective method of creating green walls provides benefits to local wildlife by creating habitats, shelter, and foraging opportunities for selected species. However, it is difficult to determine whether green facades contribute to the formation of ecological corridors in urban environments. The study also examined the social aspect related to the establishment and maintenance of green facades on the surveyed buildings.
Stormwater runoff management in Sandomierz, as an example of medium-sized European city, using SCALGO Live
Authors: Warzecha Barbara , Dudek-Klimiuk Joanna
Published: January 2024

European cities face urban, demographic and climate challenges. According to forecasts, annual extreme phenomena will intensify – including torrential rains. Comprehensive solutions (also those based on nature), climate adaptation strategies, runoff management, incorporation of new design (e.g. sponge cities) are urgently required in order to strengthen urban resilience and to minimise the effects of extreme weather events (droughts, floods or heat islands). The aim of the research was to develop a methodology for activating selected elements of blue-green infrastructure within areas of natural and cultural protection as an adaptive tool of urban planning. Modelling of infiltration possibilities, programmed with SCALGO Live Poland software, was performed as a case study based on a research city – Sandomierz (in Poland). Selected parameters (stormwater surface runoff, chosen runoff areas, land cover) are strongly correlated with urban indicators relating to the vegetation coverage (biologically active area – BAA). Results pointed out urban units, which BAA is lower than 25% (e.g. Old Town Square, courtyards of tenement houses). Modelling was carried out for these units by concentrating on the undeveloped area for which the BAA was increased. The enhancement assumed values in the range of 41–45%. In analysed cases, an improvement (decrease) in runoff volume was obtained, even by 8.69%. Simultaneously, infiltration increased by 19.61%, calculated over entire runoff area. Implementation of solutions based on these results, in the form of appropriate planning provisions, can raise the quality of environment (e.g. improving water infiltration) and life (e.g. more effective air cooling on hot nights).