bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping Soil Particle-Size Fractions Using Additive Log-Ratio (ALR) and Isometric Log-Ratio (ILR) Transformations and Proximally Sensed Ancillary Data
Authors: Muzzamal Muddassar , Huang Jingyi , Nielson Rod , Sefton Michael , Triantafilis John
Published: November 2017

Together, the three particle size fractions (PSFs) of clay, silt, and sand are the most fundamental soil properties because the relative abundance influences the physical, chemical, and biological activities in soil. Unfortunately, determining PSFs requires a laboratory method which is time-consuming. One way to add value is to use digital soil mapping, which relies on empirical models, such as multiple linear regression (MLR), to couple ancillary data to PSFs. This approach does not account for the special requirements of compositional data. Here, ancillary data were coupled, via MLR modelling, to additive log-ratio (ALR) or isometric log-ratio (ILR) transformations of the PSFs to meet these requirements. These three approaches (MLR vs. ALR-MLR and ILR-MLR) were evaluated along with the use of different ancillary data that included proximally sensed gamma-ray spectrometry, electromagnetic induction, and elevation data. In addition, how the prediction might be improved was examined using ancillary data that was measured on transects and was compared to data interpolated from transects spaced far apart. Although the ALR-MLR approach did not produce significantly better results, it predicted soil PSFs that summed to 100 and had the advantage of interpreting the ancillary data relative to the original coordinates (i.e. clay, silt, and sand). For the prediction of PSFs at various depths, all ancillary data were useful. Elevation and gamma-ray data were slightly better for topsoil and elevation and electromagnetic (EM) data were better for subsoil prediction. In addition, a smaller transect spacing (26 m) and number of samples (9–16) might be adopted for mapping soil PSFs and soil texture across the study field. The ALR-MLR approach can be applied elsewhere to map the spatial distribution of clay minerals.
The politics of ebooks
Authors: Sang Yoonmo
Published: November 2017

Ebooks have emerged as one of the popular means of reading, but little is known about how ebook usage by the general public and the ability of public lending libraries to serve their patrons are being constrained by various sociocultural factors such as restrictive licensing agreements that publishers demand. This study identifies the various constraints through the lens of Lessig’s four modalities to better understand how the ecosystem of ebooks that includes legal and economic conditions is affected by the modalities. In doing so, this study examines the shift towards the licensing of ebooks and the proprietary schemes of digital rights management with a particular focus on the diminishing capability of public lending libraries to advance the public interest in a democratic society. In the age of licensing, the mission of public libraries as ‘equalizing institutions’ should be upheld to the fullest.
Collaborative Computer-Assisted Cognitive Rehabilitation System
Authors: Oliver Miguel , Molina José Pascual , Fernández-Caballero Antonio , González Pascual
Published: November 2017

Recently have been proposed different physical and cognitive rehabilitation system that allow people with some disabilities to improve and recover some lost capabilities. All these systems allow to carry out these therapies at home proving patients the possibility to accomplish a better rehabilitation, due to the fact that they can practice at home and in a more controlled environment. But, it is not so common that these systems include some social features that reduce the feeling of social isolation of the patients. Thus, in this paper we present an adaptation of a previous proposal including some multiuser therapies that try include some social features and other aspect related to videogames that increases the motivation and makes the treatment funny.
A review of the applications of the Block-chain technology in smart devices and dis-tributed renewable energy grids
Authors: Kushch Sergii , Prieto Castrillo Francisco
Published: November 2017

In this paper we make a critical review of the existing technology in the smart cities and smart grid paradigms from the security perspective. First we summarize the findings about the evolution of renewable technology over time and in particular the benefits of a Cost reduction potential for solar and wind power in the period 2015-2025.  Then we build from existing sources to highlight different ways for efficiency improvement in solar panel solutions during 1975-2015. Next we analyze growth of the smart metering and smart grid technology in the world.  Also, the existing Blockchain solutions are critically reviewed in regard to cyber infrastructure security. From these findings we conclude that there is an increasing need for developing new Blockchain solutions in the smart grids ecosystem.
Di- and tetranuclear gadolinium (III) complexes of 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid and 1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid : identification and characterization
Authors: Riri Mohammed , Hadhoudi Farid , Hor Mustapha , Ezzemouri Samir , Eljaddi Tarik , Benajjar Adelkhalek , Hlaibi Miloudi
Published: November 2017

Our studying involved, Identification and characterization of two novel gadolinium complexes with 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid (citric acid) noted H3L and 1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentane-1, 3-dicarboxylic acid (camphoric acid) noted H2L in aqueous solution and in pH range 5,5â€“7,5. These acids containing the donor atoms (oxygen of OH and COOH), the formatted complexes are colorless and have no absorption band UVâ€“visible. So, to determine the composition and stabilities of these complexes in solution, we have used an analytical technique called Â«Indirect Photometry Detection (IPD) Â» have identified multi-nuclear and multi-dentate complexes studied in this work. Giving for these colorless complexes with a mole ratio (M:L): (4:2) for Gd (III)â€“Citric acid and (2:2) Gd (III)â€“Camphoric acid. In addition, we have shown that the compositions and stabilities constant of these complexes are depended on the acidity of the medium.
The New Silk Road, Old Concepts of Globalization, and New Questions
Authors: Nobis Adam
Published: November 2017

New Silk Roads and their economic, political and cultural aspects are new components of our modernity. As such, they raise questions and call for new studies. They are best addressed within interdisciplinary approaches exploring a wide range of subjects across a variety of geographical and historical settings. The cultural facets of the new developments (meanings, values, norms and their multiculturalism) cannot be examined out of their economic and political contexts. To make sense of the New Silk Road(s) phenomenon, connections among different geographical locations must be studied alongside the links between the past and the present. For this reason, I consider my manuscript to be suitable for publication in Open Cultural Studies. New Silk Roads can also be seen as a species of globalisation, and I hope that my contribution will propel academic discussions in the field of global studies, seeking to provide answers to such queries as: Are we witnessing the rise of a new globalisation and a new global order? How can they be related to the present and past ones? Do we need new global theories to grasp them or are the existing frameworks still adequate?
Using the Internet to access health-related information: results from a nationally representative sample of New Zealand secondary school students
Authors: Utter Jennifer , Lucassen Mathijs , Denny Simon , Fleming Terry , Peiris-John Roshini , Clark Terryann
Published: November 2017

Objective

To determine if secondary school students in New Zealand who report greater health concerns (e.g. significant depressive symptoms) are more likely to use the Internet to access health-related information.

Methods

A nationally representative health and wellbeing survey was undertaken in 2012 (n = 8500). Multiple regression models were used to examine the associations between students’ use of the Internet to access health-related information and selected outcomes or indicators.

Results

Over 90% of students used the Internet on a daily basis, with 15.4% of students reporting that they had used the Internet to access health-related information. Students experiencing household poverty were more likely to report not using the Internet daily (17.4% compared to 4.2%). Odds ratios (ORs) for accessing the Internet for this sort of information were highest for students who reported self-harm [OR 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3–3.3], disordered eating (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2.4–3.2), or a suicide attempt (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.9–3.3).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that Internet-based health interventions may be a viable way to reach young people with high health needs, but consideration needs to be given to those with limited Internet access.
Assessment of anxiety in adolescents involved in a study abroad program: a prospective study
Authors: Roitblat Yulia , Cleminson Ryan , Kavin Aaron , Schonberger Edan , Shterenshis Michael
Published: November 2017

Objective

The aim of the study was to measure the effects on levels of anxiety in healthy teenagers caused by a temporary change of country and school during a study abroad program.

Methods

In a prospective study we gathered the data from six anxiety level related tests on high school participants in a study abroad program (age 15–17, n = 364, M 172, F 192). These volunteer participants were divided into two separate groups: with self-reported elevated levels of anxiety (n = 111; YES-group) and with self-reported normal levels of anxiety (n = 253; NO-group). Two control groups of schoolchildren drawn from two local schools were used for comparison (n = 100 each). Three tests were subjective, i.e. self-fill-out tests. The next three tests were objective psychological or neurophysiological tests designed to estimate reflex control, concentration and a feeling for the passage of time.

Results

The initial mean anxiety level score among the 364 participants was 41.5 ± 16.7 (min 16, max 80) on 5–110 scale. For the YES-group the score was 56.5 ± 15.9, and for the NO-group the score was 34.7 ± 17.4 (p = 0.05). The retesting after they had been in the same place for 7 weeks revealed that the mean anxiety level score of the participants decreased to 37.4 ± 16.9 (min 15, max 72). For the YES-group the score significantly decreased to 39.3 ± 15.5, and for the NO-group the score slightly elevated to 36.7 ± 16.4 producing similar results for both groups (p = 0.81).

Conclusion

A temporary change of country and school at first results in a rise in anxiety levels in about one third of participants. However, after an extended stay it falls to normal levels.
A comparison of positive youth development against depression and suicidal ideation in youth from Hong Kong and the Netherlands
Authors: Leung Cyrus L.K. , Bender Michael , Kwok Sylvia Y.C.L.
Published: November 2017

Background

This study tests the buffering effects of positive youth development (PYD) factors against depression and suicidal ideation across Hong Kong and Dutch students.

Methods

We collected data on depression, suicidal ideation, history of childhood maltreatment, and PYD from 565 Dutch and Hong Kong undergraduates. The three PYD factors, prosocial attributes, positive identity, and cognitive-behavioral competence, were examined for their moderating role in the relationship among childhood maltreatment, depression, and suicidal ideation in path analysis.

Results

Direct protective effects are found for all PYD factors in both cultures, except for cognitive-behavioral competence in the Dutch sample. A buffering effect of the PYD factors is observed in the maltreatment-depression relationship in Dutch, but not in Hong Kong students. Only behavioral competence buffers against suicidal ideation in Dutch students, while other PYD factors show no buffering effect in both groups of participants.

Conclusion

The differences in relationships between two samples highlights the need to consider cultural differences.
Microstructural strength of tidal soils – a rheometric approach to develop pedotransfer functions
Authors: Stoppe Nina , Horn Rainer
Published: November 2017

Differences in soil stability, especially in visually comparable soils can occur due to microstructural processes and interactions. By investigating these microstructural processes with rheological investigations, it is possible to achieve a better understanding of soil behaviour from the mesoscale (soil aggregates) to macroscale (bulk soil). In this paper, a rheological investigation of the factors influencing microstructural stability of riparian soils was conducted. Homogenized samples of Marshland soils from the riparian zone of the Elbe River (North Germany) were analyzed with amplitude sweeps (AS) under controlled shear deformation in a modular compact rheometer MCR 300 (Anton Paar, Germany) at different matric potentials. A range physicochemical parameters were determined (texture, pH, organic matter, CaCO3 etc.) and these factors were used to parameterize pedotransfer functions. The results indicate a clear dependence of microstructural elasticity on texture and water content. Although the influence of individual physicochemical factors varies depending on texture, the relevant features were identified taking combined effects into account. Thus, stabilizing factors are: organic matter, calcium ions, CaCO3 and pedogenic iron oxides; whereas sodium ions and water content represent structurally unfavorable factors. Based on the determined statistical relationships between rheological and physicochemical parameters, pedotransfer functions (PTF) have been developed.
Design Considerations for Gan-Based Microinverter for Energy Storage Integration Into Ac Grid
Authors: Kroics K. , Zakis J. , Suzdalenko A. , Husev O.
Published: November 2017

A full bridge converter with electrolytic capacitor on the dc bus is a widely used approach for a single phase interface for renewable energy source generation or energy storage integration in the utility grid. New wide bandgap devices enable higher switching frequency, higher efficiency and higher power density. In the paper, the authors introduce the challenges associated with an increase in switching frequency of a single phase inverter and implementation of wide bandgap GaN-based transistors instead of traditional Si-based transistors. The low gate threshold voltage of GaN transistor and unique reverse conduction behaviour require different driving circuit. The design of the driver circuit and other practical issues are analysed in the paper. The paper also presents some practical results. The research results can be useful to avoid mistakes by designing GaN-based power converters as these devices become increasingly interesting for commercial applications.
Optimization of Nano-Grating Pitch Evaluation Method Based on Line Edge Roughness Analysis
Authors: Chen Jie , Liu Jie , Wang Xingrui , Zhang Longfei , Deng Xiao , Cheng Xinbin , Li Tongbao
Published: November 2017

Pitch uncertainty and line edge roughness are among the critical quality attributes of a pitch standard and normally the analyses of these two parameters are separate. The analysis of self-traceable Cr atom lithography nano-gratings shows a positive relevance and sensitivity between LER and evaluated standard deviation of pitch. Therefore, LER can be used as an aided pre-evaluation parameter for the pitch calculation method, such as the gravity center method or the zero-crossing points method. The optimization of the nano-grating evaluation method helps to obtain the accurate pitch value with fewer measurements and provide a comprehensive characterization of pitch standards.
The Enhancement of 3D Scans Depth Resolution Obtained by Confocal Scanning of Porous Materials
Authors: Martisek Dalibor , Prochazkova Jana
Published: November 2017

The 3D reconstruction of simple structured materials using a confocal microscope is widely used in many different areas including civil engineering. Nonetheless, scans of porous materials such as concrete or cement paste are highly problematic. The well-known problem of these scans is low depth resolution in comparison to the horizontal and vertical resolution. The degradation of the image depth resolution is caused by systematic errors and especially by different random events. Our method is focused on the elimination of such random events, mainly the additive noise. We use an averaging method based on the Lindeberg-Lévy theorem that improves the final depth resolution to a level comparable with horizontal and vertical resolution. Moreover, using the least square method, we also precisely determine the limit value of a depth resolution. Therefore, we can continuously evaluate the difference between current resolution and the optimal one. This substantially simplifies the scanning process because the operator can easily determine the required number of scans.
Leopoldina fördert die neurowissenschaftliche Kooperation auf internationaler Ebene
Authors: Nissen Jan , Narmann Ruth , Clausing Andreas
Published: November 2017

Die Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften Leopoldina engagiert sich auch im Bereich der Neurowissenschaften. Insbesondere im internationalen Austausch ist dieses Fachgebiet ein gefragtes Themenfeld: Beispiele hierfür sind die regelmäßig durchgeführten bilateralen Symposien mit israelischen und indischen Partnern, die unter der gemeinsamen wissenschaftlichen Federführung von Mitgliedern der Leopoldina und der jeweiligen Partnerakademie entstehen und die im Folgenden kurz vorgestellt werden. Außerdem unterstützt die Leopoldina junge Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler bei ihrem weiteren Werdegang mit einem eigenen Stipendienprogramm, mit dem auch immer wieder Neurowissenschaftlerinnen und -wissenschaftler gefördert werden.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance via Co-sensitization of Ruthenium (II)-Based Complex Sensitizers with Metal-Free Indoline Dye in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sahu Swati , Patel Mohan , Verma Anil Kumar , Singh Surya Prakash , Tiwari Sanjay
Published: November 2017

Co-sensitization is shown to be an effective method to improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells wherein ruthenium (ii)-based complex sensitizers (N749, N719) is co-sensitized with the metal-free indoline dye (D149), where photovoltaic efficiency of 5.40% is achieved by co-sensitized N749+D149 and efficiency of 4.94% is achieved by co-sensitized N719+D149. The assembled dye-sensitized solar cells were studied by UVvis absorption measurements of dye solutions, the absorption spectra of the dye-sensitized TiO
Multi-Auv Distributed Task Allocation Based on the Differential Evolution Quantum Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Li Jianjun , Zhang Ru Bo
Published: November 2017

The multi-autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) distributed task allocation model of a contract net, which introduces an equilibrium coefficient, has been established to solve the multi-AUV distributed task allocation problem. A differential evolution quantum artificial bee colony (DEQABC) optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the multi-AUV optimal task allocation scheme. The algorithm is based on the quantum artificial bee colony algorithm, and it takes advantage of the characteristics of the differential evolution algorithm. This algorithm can remember the individual optimal solution in the population evolution and internal information sharing in groups and obtain the optimal solution through competition and cooperation among individuals in a population. Finally, a simulation experiment was performed to evaluate the distributed task allocation performance of the differential evolution quantum bee colony optimization algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the DEQABC algorithm converges faster than the QABC and ABC algorithms in terms of both iterations and running time. The DEQABC algorithm can effectively improve AUV distributed multi-tasking performance.
Experimental and Optimization Design of Offshore Drilling Seal
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Xiaodong , Chang Xueping , Wu Qian
Published: November 2017

Three-cone bit is the key equipment in the exploration of the oil in offshore drilling and exploration, the bearing system and the seal system are the critical components for the bit. Especially in the offshore drilling environment, the seal design need to be carefully considered. A multi-objective optimization design including orthogonal design method and F-test with finite element analysis for a three-cone bit seal is proposed. Firstly, the calculation method of optimization targets are given, including the minimization of maximum contact pressure and leakage rate analyzed by ANSYS and MATLAB respectively, to maximize seal life and reliability. Then, an orthogonal experiment approach is used to investigate the effects of the eleven parameters on the seal performance, and the influence degrees of the seal factors on the optimization targets have been confirmed by F-test, and the reasonable factors can be determined by the trend of the targets. Finally, in order to validate the analysis results, a new seal was designed and tested on a seal tester compared to the previous seal. In this test, the seal maximum interface temperature that reflects the position of maximum contact pressure can be obtained by using three high precision thermocouples. Both the experiment results and the numerical analyses proved that the maximum contact pressure and leakage rate of the improved seal have been reduced compared to the previous.
A Deep Q-Learning Network for Ship Stowage Planning Problem
Authors: Shen Yifan , Zhao Ning , Xia Mengjue , Du Xueqiang
Published: November 2017

Ship stowage plan is the management connection of quae crane scheduling and yard crane scheduling. The quality of ship stowage plan affects the productivity greatly. Previous studies mainly focuses on solving stowage planning problem with online searching algorithm, efficiency of which is significantly affected by case size. In this study, a Deep Q-Learning Network (DQN) is proposed to solve ship stowage planning problem. With DQN, massive calculation and training is done in pre-training stage, while in application stage stowage plan can be made in seconds. To formulate network input, decision factors are analyzed to compose feature vector of stowage plan. States subject to constraints, available action and reward function of Q-value are designed. With these information and design, an 8-layer DQN is formulated with an evaluation function of mean square error is composed to learn stowage planning. At the end of this study, several production cases are solved with proposed DQN to validate the effectiveness and generalization ability. Result shows a good availability of DQN to solve ship stowage planning problem.
An Application of 24Model to Analyse Capsizing of the Eastern Star Ferry
Authors: Suo Xiao , Fu Gui , Wang Chunxue , Jia Qingsong
Published: November 2017

In the present study, the Eastern Star ferry accident was analyzed via 24Model. 24Model, as an accident causation model based on system thinking, holds that all causations of the accident are hazards and all hazards in the system need to be identified and comprehensively controlled in accident prevention. The result showed that five factors were the main causes of the accident. First, the direct causes: bad weather, the bad condition of the hull and the unsafe acts of the captain. Second, the indirect cause: the lack of safety awareness and safety knowledge of both the captain and the company’s senior management. Third, there were loopholes in safety management system, including the training, supervision and execution of the company. Forth, the root cause: the company didn’t establish a good safety culture. Last, the external causes: the severe market pressure, excessive regulatory authorities with puzzled relations and responsibilities-seriously hindered effective supervision. In order to prevent this kind of accident and to secure shipping system, the shipping companies and the relevant regulatory units should draw lessons from the five factors mentioned above, and take measures to identify and control those hazards.
Research on Intelligent Diagnosis Method for Large-Scale Ship Engine Fault in Non-Deterministic Environment
Authors: Feng Donghua , Li Yahong
Published: November 2017

Aiming at the problem of inaccurate and time-consuming of the fault diagnosis method for large-scale ship engine, an intelligent diagnosis method for large-scale ship engine fault in non-deterministic environment based on neural network is proposed. First, the possible fault of the engine was analyzed, and the downtime fault of large-scale ship engine and the main fault mode were identified. On this basis, the fault diagnosis model for large-scale ship engine based on neural network is established, and the intelligent diagnosis of engine fault is completed. The experiment proved that the proposed method has high diagnostic accuracy, engine fault diagnosis takes only about 3s, with a higher use value.
Treating malignant melanoma when a rare BRAF V600M mutation is present: case report and literature review
Authors: Popescu Andrei , Haidar Andrei , Anghel Rodica Maricela
Published: November 2017

Recent years have brought major advances in the treatment of malignant melanoma. One such an advance is the treatment with BRAF tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in metastatic malignant melanomas that harbor mutations in the BRAF gene. The trials that have been performed in this setting have demonstrated superior response rates and increased overall survival, however, they mostly included patients with melanomas carrying the more common V600E and V600K mutations, not being able to assess the benefit of these treatments in situations where more rare mutations of the BRAF gene are present. We present the evolution of a patient with malignant melanoma with a rare V600M mutation in the BRAF gene, that was eventually treated with vemurafenib. Also we present a brief review of the major phase III trials that showed benefit with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors in BRAF mutated melanoma, with respect to the BRAF mutations included.
Biological therapies in psoriasis - revisited
Authors: Sârbu Maria-Isabela , Georgescu Simona-Roxana , Tampa Mircea , Sârbu Alexandra-Elena , Simionescu Olga
Published: November 2017

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune mediated disorder affecting approximately 2% of the population. Even in our days, patients with psoriasis are confronted with stigmatization and social rejection. As a result, their quality of life is significantly impaired. Biological therapies have revolutionized the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. The aim of this paper is to look over the most important biological therapies available for the management of plaque-type psoriasis.
Evaluation of Alternatives to Integrate Special Transportation Services for People with Movement Disorders
Authors: Verseckiene Alina , Palsaitis Ramunas , Yatskiv Irina
Published: November 2017

Integrating the most appropriate special transportation service for people with movement disorders model may result in great economy efficiency and social benefit balance. However, most existing researches are based on improving the accessibility of public transport services or development of routing and scheduling under stochastic input data. The aim of this paper is to project the evaluation algorithm for the purpose of assessing the appropriate model of integration which would enable the employment of existing resources and filling the gap in assurance the mobility needs of people with mobility impairments. This paper identifies the evaluation indicators which are selected from international publications. Firstly the performance indicators of special transportation services were selected, further the sustainable development of public transport services evaluation indicators were selected, classified and adjusted to the goal of this paper. As a final result of indicators selection, a set of indicators classified into two groups - cost and benefit - was carried out. The decision making is based on Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution methods. A case study is provided to demonstrate the application of proposed evaluation algorithm.
Efficiency Increase Models of Two-Level Echelon Logistic Systems
Authors: Lukinskiy Valery , Lukinskiy Vladislav
Published: November 2017

In this article we deal with the approach to logistic systems efficiency increase on the basis of various forms of logistic integration development in supply chains, with modified variants of model of economic order quantity for the echelon two-level systems which allow considering the costs correlations at the different system levels, the different stock warehousing strategies, the multi-nomenclature of orders. The appropriate calculations have been done for the suggested modified models approbation.
An Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Company: A Stochastic Model of Resources Overbooking
Authors: Smurov Mihail , Sulima Nikolajs
Published: November 2017

In connection with the rapid development of commerce of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), the optimality of their use with UAV companies (UAVCo) is becoming increasingly important. The basis of such companies are mobile units (mobile units (MU)), which include UAV, means of their delivery to the place of rendering services and maintenance personnel. A problem of determining the optimal level of orders for the use of MU with UAVCo has been formulated and solved. The task is formulated as an overbooking task. The process under investigation is described as a discrete-time Markov chain corresponding to 24 hours. Based on a fixed number of MU and a fixed overbooking level, distributions for the number of orders on hand, the number of unfulfilled customs, and the average income with an MU usage fee and penalties for unfulfilled orders factored in have been calculated. The solution method has been tested on a particular model. For calculation used language and computer environment MathCAD.
Excitatory Synaptic Input to Hilar Mossy Cells under Basal and Hyperexcitable Conditions
Authors: Hedrick Tristan P. , Nobis William P. , Foote Kendall M. , Ishii Toshiyuki , Chetkovich Dane M. , Swanson Geoffrey T.
Published: November 2017

Hilar mossy cells (HMCs) in the hippocampus receive glutamatergic input from dentate granule cells (DGCs) via mossy fibers (MFs) and back-projections from CA3 pyramidal neuron collateral axons. Many fundamental features of these excitatory synapses have not been characterized in detail despite their potential relevance to hippocampal cognitive processing and epilepsy-induced adaptations in circuit excitability. In this study, we compared pre- and postsynaptic parameters between MF and CA3 inputs to HMCs in young and adult mice of either sex and determined the relative contributions of the respective excitatory inputs duringin vitroandin vivomodels of hippocampal hyperexcitability. The two types of excitatory synapses both exhibited a modest degree of short-term plasticity, with MF inputs to HMCs exhibiting lower paired-pulse (PP) and frequency facilitation than was described previously for MF–CA3 pyramidal cell synapses. MF–HMC synapses exhibited unitary excitatory synaptic currents (EPSCs) of larger amplitude, contained postsynaptic kainate receptors, and had a lower NMDA/AMPA receptor ratio compared to CA3–HMC synapses. Pharmacological induction of hippocampal hyperexcitabilityin vitrotransformed the abundant but relatively weak CA3–HMC connections to very large amplitude spontaneous bursts of compound EPSCs (cEPSCs) in young mice (∼P20) and, to a lesser degree, in adult mice (∼P70). CA3–HMC cEPSCs were also observed in slices prepared from mice with spontaneous seizures several weeks after intrahippocampal kainate injection. Strong excitation of HMCs during synchronous CA3 activity represents an avenue of significant excitatory network generation back to DGCs and might be important in generating epileptic networks.
Cytokines in crevicular fluid and orthodontic force: a systematic review
Authors: Allgayer Susiane , De Menezes Luciane Macedo , Lemos Rinaldi Mariana Roennau
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE: This paper aimed to analyze studies in the literature addressing the role of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in the orthodontic treatment.METHODS: Several databases were surveyed using both MESH terms and free terms. Additional studies were obtained by reference tracking. This review was registered in PROSPERO, and the procedures foreseen by its statement were followed. Data were obtained from the included studies addressing the orthodontic mechanics, GCF sampling/handling methods, and cytokine measurements. Clinical studies written in English were browsed. Papers were selected by one reviewer and checked by a second investigator.RESULTS: A total of 115 articles were identified, among which 25 were selected for detailed analysis. Common drawbacks consisted mainly of inadequacies in the study design (e.g. short duration and small number of study subjects). The most consistent result was a peak of cytokine levels at 1 d. Associations were observed between prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and pain, velocity of tooth movement, and treatment mechanics. Interleukin-1b and PGE2 showed different patterns of up-regulation, with IL-1β being more responsive to mechanical stress and PGE2 more responsive to synergistic regulation of IL-1β and mechanical force. The results support the use of light continuous forces for orthodontic treatment.CONCLUSION: There was a tendency of maintenance of relatively high IL-1β levels for longer periods with the use of light continuous forces, which might decrease the frequency of activation. These outcomes provide evidence at the cellular level for the utilization of light continuous forces.
The use of panoramic radiographs modified by an open access software to determine Mandibular Cortical Index
Authors: Munhoz Luciana , De Arruda Claudia Fabiana Joca , Alves Fernando Amorim Mendonça , Arita Emiko Saito , Costa Claudio , Lourenço Silvia Vanessa
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE: to compare assessment of panoramic radiographs using Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI) by a radiologist with experience and two dentists with no experience in this index using original radiograph images and inverted images.METHODS: 64 panoramic radiographs were analyzed by three observers: a radiologist with previous experience in MCI and two trained dentists with no previous experience. First, the original images were assessed by the radiologist and defined as the gold standard. Then, dentists received training in the MCI. Assessment results obtained from the three observers were analyzed.RESULTS: When compared results from the experienced radiologist to positive and inverted images, no statistical significant difference was found. When considering the two trained observers, we found that inverted images had a lower agreement between the gold standard original images.CONCLUSION: We concluded that, within the limitations of this study, inverted radiographs are not recommended for MCI assessment.
Pesquisa arqueológica inicial em Palmares
Authors: E. Orser, Jr. Charles , A. Funari Pedro Paulo
Published: November 2017

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Brasil e Argentina: Política exteriores na crise do estado oligárquico (1930)
Authors: Gordim da Silveira Helder
Published: November 2017

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Brasil e Argentina em 1908: efeitos da política armamentista na imprensa brasileira
Authors: M. L. Brancato Sandra
Published: November 2017

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Naturalistic Theism
Authors: Rockwell Teed
Published: November 2017

Many modern theological debates are built around a false dichotomy between 1) an atheism which asserts that the universe was created by purposeless mechanical processes and 2) acceptance of a religious system which requires both faith in the infallibility of sacred texts and belief in a supernatural God. I propose a form of naturalistic theism, which rejects sacred texts as unjustified, and supernaturalism as incoherent. I argue that rejecting these two elements of traditional organized religion would have a strongly positive impact on the beliefs and practices of religion, even though many religious people feel strongly attached to them. It is belief in sacred texts that is responsible for most of the evil done in the name of religion, not belief in God. Many of the strongest arguments for atheism work only against a supernatural God, and have no impact on the question of the existence of a natural God.
Shari’a in Everyday Life in Sydney: An Analysis of Professionals and Leaders Dealing with Islamic Law
Authors: Possamai Adam , Dagistanli Selda , Voyce Malcolm
Published: November 2017

This article explores how Shari’a is conceptualised and experienced by 27 Muslim legal professionals and leaders in Sydney. It analyses qualitative data on issues with regards to the experience of Muslims with Shari’a, on how it can be improved in Australia and on how compatible is Shari’a with the Australian legal system. It also discusses Shari’a tribunals and financial opportunity. While we do not find any convincing arguments for the push to the further implementation of Shari’a in Australia, we find that despite political objections Shari’a is a vital part of everyday life for observant Australian Muslims. We are arguing that the popular political debate around Shari’a is in critical need of more exposure to balanced Muslim voices that can be heard above the popular political resistance to any manifestation of Shari’a.
Heat energy from a shallow geothermal system in Glasgow, UK: performance evaluation design
Authors: Ninikas Konstantinos , Hytiris Nicholas , Emmanuel Rohinton , Aaen Bjorn
Published: November 2017

This study reports on the actual energy and economic performances of a water source heat pump recently installed and operated at a Glasgow Subway station in the UK using subsurface water ingress to provide heating and domestic hot water. This follows from a previous publication that detailed the empirical measurements and design of a heating system designed on the basis of a 15-month monitoring period of the water flow and temperature. The perennial water flow at a relatively high temperature enabled the system to operate more efficiently than a typical heat pump system with boreholes or trenches. The performance of the water source heat pump has been monitored for a 4-month period, and the coefficient of performance as well as the energy saving is reported in the present study. The findings of this study not only indicate the energy, carbon dioxide and financial benefits of the heating system, but also highlight key issues during the operation in such a demanding underground environment. Further renewable heat potentials for the rest of the subway network and opportunities to commercialise the excess heat energy output are explored.
Cardiovascular Screening in Young Athletes in Sarajevo Canton
Authors: Mesihović-Dinarević Senka , Kulić Mehmed , Kreso Amir
Published: November 2017

Potential risk of sudden death during sports participation makes screening of competitive athletes of vital importance. Congenital cardiac anomalies and non-atherosclerotic, acquired myocardial conditions are primary causes underlying exercise-induced cardiac death in young patients. Since cardiovascular conditions are the leading causes of non-traumatic, exercise-induced cardiac events, cardiovascular screening preceding sports participation in mandatory. The objectives of this study were to determine prevalence of cardiac conditions through cardiovascular screening of young athletes and to establish preventive strategy. The study was conducted at the Sports Medicine Center of Sarajevo Canton and at the Pediatric Clinic of University of Sarajevo Clinics Centre in the period 2007-2009. The study was supported by Canton Sarajevo Ministry of Health and Ministry of sports, science and culture. The study targeted a group of 214 athletes, 8-18 years of age with average age being 15,26. The group was subdivided into five groups according to the age. After taking the anamnesis (family, personal and cardiological) patients were subjected to the measuring of body mass and height, blood pressure and heart rate and oxygen saturation, recording of 12-lead ECG, specialist examination (pediatrician, sports medicine specialist and cardiologist) and complete heart echocardiography. No examined athletes expressed subjective discomfort. Congenital cardiac anomalies were not diagnosed in any athlete. Also, cardiovascular abnormalities requiring additional evaluation, positive cardiac anamnesis, abnormal auscultatory findings, hypertension or abnormal ECG findings were not recognized in any patient. Moderate correlation was found among the left ventricle mass and heart rate (p<0,05). In order to minimalize or even possibly prevent the risk of sudden cardiac death it is necessary to establish an adequate strategy of cardiovascular screening of young athletes.
Review: Agricultural Wastes as a Source of Silica Material
Authors: Permatasari Novie , Sucahya Transmissia Noviska , Dani Nandiyanto Asep Bayu
Published: November 2017

Silica is the most abundant components in the earth's crust and is made by way of synthesis for use in the application of technology. Silica are generally found commercially as alkoxysilane compounds (i.e such as tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), sodium silicate, and tetramethylorthosilicat). However, these compounds can have a negative impact on health. Thus, further approaches to find the source of silica that is safer, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly is inevitable. However, not all summary journals are thoroughly discussed the silica sources. Further, method of isolation and application of the silica from agricultural waste is limited. This paper reported studied several sources of silica derived from agricultural waste, such as rice husk, rice straw, corn cobs, and bagasse. In addition, this paper discussed also about the method of isolation of silica from agricultural waste, and its application as a catalyst.
Dirac Particles Emission from An Elliptical Black Hole
Authors: Tiandho Yuant
Published: November 2017

According to the general theory of relativiy, a black hole is defined as a region of spacetime with super-strong gravitational effects and there is nothing can escape from it. So in the classical theory of relativity, it is safe to say that black hole is a "dead" thermodynamical object. However, by using quantum mechanics theory, Hawking has shown that a black hole may emit particles. In this paper, calculation of temperature of an elliptical black hole when emitting the Dirac particles was presented. By using the complexpath method, radiation can be described as emission process in the tunneling pictures. According to relationship between probability of outgoing particle with the spectrum of black body radiation for fermion particles, temperature of the elliptical black hole can be obtained and it depend on the azimuthal angle. This result also showed that condition on the surface of elliptical black hole is not in thermal equilibrium.
Relationship of Soil Physicochemical Properties and Existence of Phytophthora sp. in Pineapple Plantations
Authors: Martin Deva Aziz Nanda , Rahmat Ali
Published: November 2017

One of the tropical fruits with high economic value is pineapple. Pineapple plantation has several limitations, especially in cultivating period and diseases caused by Phytophthora sp. (called heart rot disease). The spread of Phytophthora sp. in pineapple plantation is influenced by physical of soil (called as soil borne pathogen). Here, the purpose of this study was to examine physical properties of soil (compaction), specifically on heart rot disease in pineapple plantation. We used pineaple farm locating in Central Lampung, Indonesia. In this paper, we analyzed the disease impact from the soil compaction point of view. We investigated the difference between soil samples with and without sick plant. The results showed that the disease area were affected by Phytophthora sp. area have high soil compaction. Indeed, this soil condition is good for growing Phytophthora sp.
Improving Heat Exchanger Network Design of a Revamped Chemical Plant
Authors: Putra Zulfan Adi
Published: November 2017

Pinch analysis has been known as one of the tools for smart energy management. This technique has successfully been applied in more than three decades in various industries. Here, the purpose of this study was to describe how to use pinch analysis for improving heat exchanger network design of a revamped chemical plant. In a revamping project of a chemical plant, the pinch analysis is applied to find a better design. The analysis reveals that the revamped case can be further improved to achieve more energy saving. This is done by applying one of the golden rules in pinch analysis, which is not to transfer heat across the pinch. The proposed solution is rather simple and straightforward, leading to only few months of payback period and 165 k€ per annual saving.
Failure Investigation of Plastic Shredding Machine’s Flange Coupling Based on Mechanical Analysis
Authors: Nurprasetio Ignatius Pulung , Budiman Bentang Arief , Triawan Farid
Published: November 2017

This paper presented the investigation of failure mechanism of plastic shredding machine’s flange coupling which is made of cast steel. The machine unexpectedly stalled a few minutes after High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) plastic bottles were fed into the machine. It was discovered afterward that the flange broke with the large crack surface. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to find the position and value of the critical stresses in the flange during operating condition. Subsequently, hardness test was conducted on the flange body to determine the Brinell hardness which was then converted into the approximate ultimate tensile strength (σu). As a result, a maximum Von Mises stress of 287 MPa was confirmed from the FEA to be concentrated in the flange’s keyway. Although this was found to be lower than the approximate σu obtained from hardness testing i.e. 449 MPa, the critical stress indicated an unstable condition which may induce a crack initiation any time when vibration or dynamic load occurs. Based on these analyses, it was concluded that the failure had been initiated by dynamic rather than static loading generated during machine stall condition. The dynamic load caused crack initiation at a stress concentration point of the keyway. The crack then propagated rapidly, breaking the flange body.
Nanotechnology: a revolution in targeted drug delivery
Authors: Das Debaleena , Maity Nivedita , H. V. Anuradha
Published: November 2017

Targeted drug delivery is a method of delivering medication in a unique way so that the concentration of the drug at the target site is optimized, burden of the drug to other tissues is reduced and toxicity minimized. There are various novel approaches to deliver drugs to the target sites in the form of nanocapsules, nanocrystals, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, polymeric micelles, nanotubes and monoclonal antibodies. They have the advantages of improved bioavailability, facilitated transport of drugs across difficult barriers to reach the target tissues for a specific action and providing protection to protect the drug against degradation. A number of anticancer drugs like Doxorubicin, Paclitaxel and 5-Fluorouracil have been formulated using nanoparticles. These innovative techniques have helped to overcome the limitations like resistance in the target cells and difficulty in movement across the barriers which are seen in the conventional drug delivery system. Apart from being a therapeutic tool, it also has brought revolution in early diagnosis of diseases and gene transfer. The surge of nanotechnology is now being translated into commercialized products. The future is exciting, and the promises are limitless as the application of nanotechnology in medicine will provide remarkable opportunities and newer perspectives for novel and effective treatment in various diseases.