bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visible-light activatable coumarin-based phototriggers for fluorescence imaging with ultra-high photolysis efficiency
Authors: Zhou Renjie , Yang Lipeng , Chen Zhengda , Jiang Li , Liu Tuan , Wang Zhiqiang , Huang Xinyi , Lin Qiuning , Gong Xueqing , Yang Yi , Zhu Linyong
Published: March 2023

Coumarin-based PPGs that feature electron-rich thiophene-derived substitutions at the C3-position of a coumarin scaffold have demonstrated a high uncaging quantum yield (Φu) as well as an efficient photolysis rate.
Metamaterial ultra-wideband solar absorbers based on a multi-layer structure with cross etching
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Feng Hengli , Su Lijing , Nie Sihan , Li Xin , Zhou Yaxin , Ran Lingling , Gao Yang
Published: March 2023

A solar absorber based on the Si3N4–W–Ti–SiO2structure is presented. The absorption rate of the absorber is over 90% in the bandwidth of 500 nm to 2995 nm with an average absorption rate of 98.3%.
Solvent-controlled self-assembly of Fmoc protected aliphatic amino acids
Authors: Koshti Bharti , Swanson Hamish W A , Wilson Basil , Kshtriya Vivekshinh , Naskar Soumick , Narode Hanuman , Lau King Hang Aaron , Tuttle Tell , Gour Nidhi
Published: March 2023

Self-assembly of modified amino acids facilitate the formation of various structures that have unique properties and therefore serve as excellent bio-organic scaffolds for diverse applications.
Creation of ordered 3D tubes out of DNA origami lattices
Authors: Parikka Johannes M. , Järvinen Heini , Sokołowska Karolina , Ruokolainen Visa , Markešević Nemanja , Natarajan Ashwin K. , Vihinen-Ranta Maija , Kuzyk Anton , Tapio Kosti , Toppari J. Jussi
Published: March 2023

By tuning the ionic conditions, plus-shaped, blunt-ended DNA-origami lattices are driven to self-assemble elongated, ordered structures: adding Ni2+triggers the formation of ribbon-shaped 2D-lattices, which roll into 3D-tubes at higher Ni2+concentrations.
Digital image analysis for biothreat detection via rapid centrifugal microfluidic orthogonal flow immunocapture
Authors: Woolf M. Shane , Dignan Leah M. , Karas Scott M. , Lewis Hannah M. , Kim Sabrina N. , Geise Geoffrey M. , DeMers Haley L. , Hau Derrick , Gates-Hollingsworth Marcellene A. , AuCoin David P. , Landers James P.
Published: March 2023

We report centrifugally-driven, orthogonal flow immunocapture (cOFI) of Zaire Ebola virus-like particles with an accompanying rich, colorimetric image analysis approach that does not require commercial ‘strip readers’ or custom analysis algorithms.
Current developments of eco-friendly organic field-effect transistors: from molecular engineering of organic semiconductors to greener device processing
Authors: Lee Gyeong Seok , Kwon Hyeok-jin , An Tae Kyu , Kim Yun-Hi
Published: March 2023

Molecular engineering of organic semiconductors for environmental friendliness or processing engineering.
Synthesis, structures, reactivity and medicinal chemistry of antitubercular benzothiazinones
Authors: Seidel Rüdiger W. , Richter Adrian , Goddard Richard , Imming Peter
Published: March 2023

Benzothiazinones are promising candidates in the fight against tuberculosis, the leading bacterial killer worldwide. We present an overview of recent developments in the field of antitubercular benzothiazinones and summarize our own contributions.
Photo-induced mode change for CO2 capture/release on spiropyran in a polar-gradient environment
Authors: Tashiro Keigo , Otori Masaki , Satokawa Shigeo
Published: March 2023

Photo-induced mode change of CO2 capture/release was achieved by a rationally designed system composed of spiropyran introduced into a polar-gradient field in the interlayer of montmorillonite.
Lewis/Brønsted acid-mediated cyclization/amidation of 1,6-enynes with nitriles: access to 3-enamide substituted dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Chen Zan , Huang Wenting , Su Yu , Jiang Huanfeng , Wu Wanqing
Published: March 2023

A novel Lewis- and Brønsted-acid mediated cyclization/amidation reaction of 1,6-enynes with nitriles to synthesize 3-enamide-substituted dihydrobenzofurans has been developed.
Helical intermediate formation and its role in amyloids of an amphibian antimicrobial peptide
Authors: Prasad Anup Kumar , Martin Lisandra L. , Panwar Ajay S.
Published: March 2023

The formation of helical intermediates and an increase in local concentration in peptide aggregates appear to be crucial in the amyloid formation of amyloidogenic amphibian peptide uperin-3.5.
A first principles study of structural and optoelectronic properties and photocatalytic performance of GeC–MX2 (M = Mo and W; X = S and Se) van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Wahab Tahir , Wang Yun , Cammarata Antonio
Published: March 2023

Two-dmensional (2D) materials have received enormous interest as photocatalysts for hydrogen production to address the worldwide energy crisis.
Impact of the Si/Al ratio on the ethanol/water coadsorption on MFI zeolites revealed using original quantitative IR approaches
Authors: Douaihy Rita Zakhia , Lakiss Louwanda , El-Roz Mohamad , Levaque Yoann , Vimont Alexandre , Bazin Philippe
Published: March 2023

The use of advanced infrared vibrational spectroscopic tools (high-throughput and gravimetric-IR coupled cells) allows obtaining quantitative data for ethanol and water adsorption and coadsorption on MFI zeolites with different Si/Al ratios.
Computational investigation of explicit solvent effects and specific interactions of hydroxypyrene photoacids in acetone, DMSO, and water
Authors: Sülzner Niklas , Hättig Christof
Published: March 2023

Implicit solvation is sufficient for describing the absorption and emission of a series of photoacids in acetone, whereas, explicit solvent effects caused by hydrogen bonding become more relevant in DMSO and water.
Chemical characteristics, leaching, and stability of the ubiquitous tire rubber-derived toxicant 6PPD-quinone
Authors: Hu Ximin , Zhao Haoqi (Nina) , Tian Zhenyu , Peter Katherine T. , Dodd Michael C. , Kolodziej Edward P.
Published: March 2023

We here report chemical characteristics relevant to the fate and transport of the recently discovered environmental toxicant 6PPD-quinone (2-((4-methylpentan-2-yl)amino)-5-(phenylamino)cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione or “6PPDQ”).
Streamers feeding the SVS13-A protobinary system: astrochemistry reveals accretion shocks?
Authors: Bianchi Eleonora , López-Sepulcre Ana , Ceccarelli Cecilia , Codella Claudio , Podio Linda , Bouvier Mathilde , Enrique-Romero Joan , Bachiller Rafael , Lefloch Bertrand
Published: March 2023

We analyse deuterated water (HDO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) at high-angular resolution in the binary system SVS13-A. We propose that molecular emission is produced by an accretion shock at the interface between the accretion streamer and the disk.
Biocatalytic amide bond formation
Authors: Lubberink Max , Finnigan William , Flitsch Sabine L.
Published: March 2023

The state-of-the-art of biocatalytic amide bond formation is discussed with the help of a manually curated database of enzymatic amidation reactions.
The efficiency of Hg cold vapor generation and its influence on Hg isotope analysis by MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Shi Miao , Bergquist Bridget A. , Zhou Anwen , Zhao Yaqiu , Sun Ruoyu , Chen Jiubin , Zheng Wang
Published: March 2023

Non-quantitative Hg cold-vapor generation can compromise the accuracy of Hg isotope analysis, and it should be monitored and optimized by performing matrix separation, adopting the design of gas–liquid separators, and tuning the sample uptake rate.
From rectangular to diamond shape: on the three-dimensional and size-dependent transformation of patterns formed by single particles trapped in microfluidic acoustic tweezers
Authors: Deng Zhichao , Kondalkar Vijay V. , Cierpka Christian , Schmidt Hagen , König Jörg
Published: March 2023

Coexisting particle patterns with different geometrical features and particle trapping locations nota prioriassociated with acoustic potential wells are presented.
Hybridization state transition-driven carbon quantum dot (CQD)-based resistive switches for bionic synapses
Authors: Yu Tianqi , Fang Yong , Chen Xinyue , Liu Min , Wang Dong , Liu Shilin , Lei Wei , Jiang Helong , Shafie Suhaidi , Mohtar Mohd Nazim , Pan Likun , Zhao Zhiwei
Published: March 2023

A novel memristor with the physical mechanism attributed to a hybridization state transition driven by reversible electric fields.
A multifunctional nanopipette for metal ion recognition and ultra-trace analysis
Authors: Wang Kang , Qian Gongming , Li Yunchuan , Wang Ruixia , Guo Jing
Published: March 2023

A multifunctional nanopipette with a nanopore and a nanoelectrode is used for recognition of multiple metal ions and aM detection of Fe3+.
Investigation of the structural and electrochemical properties of a ZnO–SnO2 composite and its electrical properties for application in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Sheikh Arzoo , Soni Kumavat , Brajpuriya R. , Lakshmi N.
Published: March 2023

This study compares photovoltaic and electrochemical properties of nano sized ZnO–SnO2 composite as photoanode material made by a simple but effective mechanical mixing method with Ru N719 dye for energy harvesting applications in DSSCs.
Gold nanoparticles embedded into imidazolium-functionalized porous aromatic frameworks as heterogenous nanoreactors for the hydrogenation of nitroaromatics
Authors: Yang Yuting , Shi Yadong , Zhang Yuzhuo , Jing Xiaofei , Liu Yunling
Published: March 2023

Au-iPAF-167 and Au-iPAF-168 integrating dispersive AuNPs were prepared via electrostatics and coordination interaction between imidazolium groups and AuNPs, and exhibit high catalytic efficiency and durable towards nitroaromatics hydrogenation.
Cu3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O@rGO with bimetallic redox activity as a novel cathode material for calcium–ion batteries
Authors: Tan Xingnian , Wang Junjun , Jin Shuhan , Wang Yu , Qiao Fan , Zhang Lei , An Qinyou
Published: March 2023

Owing to the abundance of calcium and low redox potential and high safety, calcium-ion batteries (CIBs) are considered a promising candidate for post lithium-ion batteries. Cu3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O@rGO with bimetallic redox activity is proposed as a novel cathode material for CIBs.
Selective hydrogenolysis of agricultural straw-based cellulose to propylene glycol and acetol over acidic WOx/ZrO2
Authors: Luo Zhicheng , Zhu Zhiguo , Han Lupeng , Xiao Rui , Chu Dawang
Published: March 2023

A simple WOx/ZrO2 catalyst is prepared to hydrogenolyze cellulose to C3 products, and their selectivity reached 48% under the WOx/ZrO2(600) + Ru/AC.
Engineering the Li-ion flux and interfacial chemistry toward a stable Li metal anodeviaa simple separator coating strategy
Authors: Zhao Sheng , Ma Mingze , Gao Liangyu , Gu LanHui , Chen Minfeng , Han Guangdong , Yang Tingrui , Chen Jizhang , Qi Dongfeng , Wang Peng , Han Xiang
Published: March 2023

In this study, a composite separator was prepared by simple LATP and ITO coating on PP, which not only induces uniform Li metal plating and stripping but also helps to form stable interphases that comprise of Li3PO4and LiF.
High-performance p–i–n perovskite photodetectors and image sensors with long-term operational stability enabled by a corrosion-resistant titanium nitride back electrode
Authors: Sun Tian , Chen Tong , Chen Jiahao , Lou Qiang , Liang Zihao , Li Guijun , Lin Xiaoyun , Yang Guoshen , Zhou Hang
Published: March 2023

Corrosion-resistant titanium nitride was used as the back electrode of perovskite photodetector and image sensor to improve the performance and stability.
Oriented attachment interfaces of zeolitic imidazolate framework nanocrystals
Authors: Han Xiaocang , Su Rui , Chen Wenqian , Han Qi , Tian Yuan , Han Jiuhui , Wang Xiaodong , Song Shuangxi , Reddy Kolan Madhav , Deng Hexiang , Liu Pan , Chen Mingwei
Published: March 2023

The molecular-scale interfacial defects and hence the micromechanism of the oriented attachment growth of ZIF crystals were revealed by low-dose Cs-corrected HRTEM.
Electronic structure manipulation of MoSe2 nanosheets with fast reaction kinetics toward long-life sodium-ion half/full batteries
Authors: Zhang Lei , Dong Huilong , Lv Chengkui , Sun Chencheng , Wei Huaixin , Miao Xiaowei , Yang Jun , Cao Liang , Geng Hongbo
Published: March 2023

Due to their high specific capacity, straightforward manufacture, and plentiful sources, transition metal oxides and dichalcogenides are regarded as the perfect anode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs).
Carboxylate engineering for manipulating the optical and assembly properties of copper clusters
Authors: Sun Jing , Sun Fang , Tang Jiaqi , Tang Xiongkai , Wu Qingyuan , Huo Rong , He Ayisha , Sachurilatu  , Sun Xueli , Chaolumen  , Tang Qing , Shen Hui
Published: March 2023

Engineering carboxylic ligands as an unexplored while efficient strategy to modulate the optical and assembly properties of metal nanoclusters.
Electrochemical ammonia synthesis by reduction of nitrate on Au doped Cu nanowires
Authors: Zha Yuankang , Liu Min , Wang Jinlu , Feng Jiyu , Li Daopeng , Zhao Dongnan , Zhang Shengbo , Shi Tongfei
Published: March 2023

Electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) to synthesize valuable ammonia (NH3) is considered as a green and appealing alternative to enable an artificial nitrogen cycle.
Wound healing activity and flavonoid contents of purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) of various varieties
Authors: Budiawan Antonius , Purwanto Agus , Puradewa Levi , Cahyani Erlien Dwi , Purwaningsih Christiana Endang
Published: March 2023

Different flower colour varieties of purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) showed different total flavonoid content. Flavonoids have a main role in wound healing activity in rabbit skin as antibacterial, antiinflammation, and antioxidant agents.
CeO2–Co3O4 nanocomposite with oxidase-like activity for colorimetric detection of ascorbic acid
Authors: Yang Jin , Cheng Shiqi , Qin Shangying , Huang Li , Xu Yuanjin , Wang Yilin
Published: March 2023

A CeO2–Co3O4 nanocomposite (NC) was prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
Density functional theory computation of the intermolecular interactions of Al2@C24and Al2@Mg12O12semiconducting quantum dots conjugated with the glycine tripeptide
Authors: Mohammadi Hadi , Azami S. M. , Rafii-Tabar Hashem
Published: March 2023

The nature of intermolecular forces within semiconducting quantum dot systems can determine various physicochemical properties, as well as their functions, in nanomedical applications.
NiFe-LDH coated NiSe/Ni foam as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Wu Wentong , Min Boya , Li Hanbing , Liu Feng , Zheng Mingsheng , Ding Kunpeng , Lu Shijian , Liu Maochang
Published: March 2023

A bifunctional non-noble electrocatalyst NiSe@NiFe-LDH/NF was developed to provide new insights into the development of renewable hydrogen energy.
Achieving high performance organic solar cells with a closer π–π distance in branched alkyl-chain acceptors
Authors: Tan Pu , Cao Congcong , Cheng Yue , Chen Hui , Lai Hanjian , Zhu Yulin , Han Liang , Qu Jianfei , Zheng Nan , Zhang Yuanzhu , He Feng
Published: March 2023

This study describes a strategy for improving organic photovoltaic materials performance by adjusting the packing mode with a branched alkyl-chain, BTIC-TCl-b. This modification significantly reduces the π–π distance and boosts the power conversion efficiency up to 16.71%.
OSAP‐Loss: Efficient optimization of average precision via involving samples after positive ones towards remote sensing image retrieval
Authors: Yuan Xin , Xu Xin , Wang Xiao , Zhang Kai , Liao Liang , Wang Zheng , Lin Chia‐Wen
Published: March 2023

In existing remote sensing image retrieval (RSIR) datasets, the number of images among different classes varies dramatically, which leads to a severe class imbalance problem. Some studies propose to train the model with the ranking‐based metric (e.g., average precision [AP]), because AP is robust to class imbalance. However, current AP‐based methods overlook an important issue: only optimising samples ranking before each positive sample, which is limited by the definition of AP and is prone to local optimum. To achieve global optimisation of AP, a novel method, namely Optimising Samples after positive ones & AP loss (OSAP‐Loss) is proposed in this study. Specifically, a novel superior ranking function is designed to make the AP loss differentiable while providing a tighter upper bound. Then, a novel loss called Optimising Samples after Positive ones (OSP) loss is proposed to involve all positive and negative samples ranking after each positive one and to provide a more flexible optimisation strategy for each sample. Finally, a graphics processing unit memory‐free mechanism is developed to thoroughly address the non‐decomposability of AP optimisation. Extensive experimental results on RSIR as well as conventional image retrieval datasets show the superiority and competitive performance of OSAP‐Loss compared to the state‐of‐the‐art.
Optimal reinsurance and investment with a common shock and a random exit time
Authors: Chen Zhiping , Yang Peng , Gan Yujie
Published: March 2023

Under the mean-variance framework, we study the continuous-time optimal reinsurance and investment problem with a common shock and a random exit time. To describe the influence of the common shock, we propose a new interdependence mechanism between the insurance market and the financial market. It can reflect both the impact of the occurrence of a common shock and its influence degree on the two markets. Both the termination times of reinsurance and investment are random, and the random exit time is affected simultaneously by exogenous and endogenous random events. The insurer’s objective is to minimize the variance of her terminal wealth under a given level of expected terminal wealth. We derive the explicit optimal reinsurance-investment strategy by employing stochastic optimal control and Lagrange duality techniques. The influences of the market interdependence and the random exit time on the optimal strategy are demonstrated through numerical experiments. The results reveal some meaningful phenomena and provide insightful guidance for reinsurance and investment practice in reality.
Cystinose
Authors: Hohenfellner Katharina , Zerell Kirstin , Haffner Dieter
Published: March 2023

Die Cystinose ist eine sehr seltene autosomal-rezessive Speichererkrankung, die mit einer Inzidenz von 1 : 150 000 – 1 : 200 000 auftritt. Ursächlich sind Mutationen im CTNS-Gen,
welches das lysosomale Membranprotein Cystinosin codiert, das für den Transport von Cystin aus dem Lysosom in das Zytoplasma verantwortlich ist. In der Folge kommt es zur Akkumulation von
Cystin in fast allen Zellen und Geweben, insbesondere den Nieren, wodurch sich die Multiorganbeteiligung erklärt. Der Verlauf und die Prognose konnte durch Einführung der medikamentösen
Therapie mit Cysteamin Mitte der 1980er-Jahre und der Möglichkeit der Nierenersatztherapie im Kindesalter entscheidend verbessert werden. Während die Patienten früher ohne Therapie in einer
terminalen Niereninsuffizienz während des 1. Lebensjahrzehnts verstorben sind, erreicht heute die Mehrzahl der Patienten das Erwachsenenalter ohne eine Nierenersatztherapie. Die ältesten
Patienten sind heute ca. 40 Jahre alt. Für die Morbidität und die Mortalität spielt neben dem Zeitpunkt des Therapiebeginns auch die lebenslang notwendige adäquate Cysteamin-Therapie eine
entscheidende Rolle. Die Seltenheit der Erkrankung und die Multiorganbeteiligung stellt für die Betroffenen und die Versorger dieser Patientengruppe eine enorme Herausforderung dar.
Evidenzbasierte Pflege auf Temperatur bringen
Authors: Strnad Philipp , Boese Andrea
Published: March 2023

Am Klinikum Stuttgart konnte durch die Zusammenarbeit von akademisierten Pflegekräften und dem multidisziplinären Team eine evidenzbasierte Leitlinie zum Temperaturmanagement bei früh- und reifgeborenen Säuglingen in der Neonatologie erfolgreich implementiert werden.
Wie bringe ich die Kuh vom Eis?
Authors: Hertlein Margit
Published: March 2023

Haben Sie beim Titel gestutzt? Vielleicht auch gedacht: „Was ist denn das für ein Quatsch, seit wann machen Probleme Spaß?“ Die Auflösung finden Sie im Artikel.
Paecilins Q and R: Antifungal Chromanones Produced by the Endophytic Fungus Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum CMRP4328
Authors: Iantas Jucélia , Shaaban Khaled A. , Savi Daiani Cristina , Ponomareva Larissa V. , Thorson Jon S. , Rohr Jürgen , Glienke Chirlei
Published: March 2023

Chemical investigation of the endophyte Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum CMRP4328 isolated from the medicinal plant Stryphnodendron adstringens yielded ten compounds, including
two new dihydrochromones, paecilins Q (1) and R (2). The antifungal activity of the isolated metabolites was assessed against an important citrus pathogen, Phyllosticta
citricarpa. Cytochalasin H (6) (78.3%), phomoxanthone A (3) (70.2%), phomoxanthone B (4) (63.1%), and paecilin Q (1) (50.5%) decreased in vitro the
number of pycnidia produced by P. citricarpa, which are responsible for the disease dissemination in orchards. In addition, compounds 3 and 6 inhibited the development
of citrus black spot symptoms in citrus fruits. Cytochalasin H (6) and one of the new compounds, paecilin Q (1), appear particularly promising, as they showed strong activity
against this citrus pathogen, and low or no cytotoxic activity. The strain CMRP4328 of P. stromaticum and its metabolites deserve further investigation for the control of citrus black
spot disease.
Structural Characterization and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Anticomplementary Polysaccharides from Rhododendron principis
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Zhi , Zhang Jie , Hong Zhou , Bao Wei-Lian , Zhou Li-Shuang , Liu Yang , Chen Dao-Feng , Lu Yan ,   De-ji
Published: March 2023

Rhododendron principis leaves have been used as “Dama”, a Traditional Tibetan Medicine for treating inflammatory diseases. R. principis crude polysaccharides with
anticomplementary activity demonstrated promising anti-inflammatory effects on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. R. principis crude polysaccharides significantly
decreased the levels of TNF-α and interleukin-6 in both serum and blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury mice by intragastric
administration (100 mg/kg). A heteropolysaccharide, ZNDHP, was obtained from R. principis crude polysaccharides with successive anticomplementary activity-guided separation. ZNDHP was
characterized as a branched neutral polysaccharide with a backbone composed of → 2)-β-Glcp-(1→, → 2,6)-α-Glcp-(1→, → 6,3)-β-Galp-(1→,
→ 2,6)-α-Galp-(1→, → 6,2)-β-Glcp-(1→, → 4)-α-Glcp-(1→, → 5)-β-Araf-(1→, → 3,5)-α-Araf-(1→, and
→ 4,6)-β-Manp-(1→, and the backbone structure was further confirmed by partial acid hydrolysis. In addition to anticomplementary and antioxidant activities, ZNDHP exhibited
potent anti-inflammatory activity by significantly inhibiting the secretion of nitric oxide, TNF-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β of lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7
cells. However, all of these activities decreased greatly after partially hydrolyzing, indicating the importance of the multibranched structure for its bioactivity. Therefore, ZNDHP might be
an important component of R. principis for treating inflammation.
Impact of Smoking on the Healing of Apical Periodontitis after Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatment
Authors: Paljevic Ema , Brekalo Prso Ivana , Hrstic Jelena Vidas , Pezelj-Ribaric Sonja , Persic Bukmir Romana
Published: March 2023

Objectives The aim of this prospective study was to compare the healing of periapical bone between smokers and nonsmokers after root canal therapy. The effects of duration and intensity of smoking on the healing rate of apical periodontitis were analyzed.

Materials and Methods Fifty-five smokers were included in this study. The control group consisted of healthy nonsmokers who matched the smoker group in age and sex. Only teeth with a favorable periodontal prognosis and adequate coronal restoration were included in the study. The periapical status of treated teeth was assessed using the periapical index system at follow-ups after 6 and 12 months.

Statistical Analysis The chi-squared test and Mann–Whitney U test were used to assess the changes in periapical index score at baseline and in subsequent time intervals between the two groups examining dichotomized and ordinal data, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of independent variables age, gender, tooth type, arch type, and smoking index with the outcome variable. The outcome variable was set as the presence versus absence of apical periodontitis.

Results The analysis at 12-month follow-up revealed a significantly higher healing rate in control group than in smokers (90.9 vs. 58.2; χ2 = 13.846; p < 0.001). Smokers had significantly higher periapical index scores than the control group (p = 0.024). The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that an increase in the value of the smoking index significantly increases the risk of apical periodontitis persistence (odds ratio [OR] =7.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.51–23.28; p < 0.001) for smoking index < 400 and (OR = 9.65; 95% CI: 1.45–64.14; p = 0.019) for smoking index 400 to 799.

Conclusion The results from this study show a lower rate of apical periodontitis healing in a group of smokers at 1-year follow-up. Delayed periapical healing seems to be associated with the cigarette smoking exposure.
Identifying gender bias in blockbuster movies through the lens of machine learning
Authors: Haris Muhammad Junaid , Upreti Aanchal , Kurtaran Melih , Ginter Filip , Lafond Sebastien , Azimi Sepinoud
Published: March 2023

The problem of gender bias is highly prevalent and well known. In this paper, we have analysed the portrayal of gender roles in English movies, a medium that effectively influences society in shaping people’s beliefs and opinions. First, we gathered scripts of films from different genres and derived sentiments and emotions using natural language processing techniques. Afterwards, we converted the scripts into embeddings, i.e., a way of representing text in the form of vectors. With a thorough investigation, we found specific patterns in male and female characters’ personality traits in movies that align with societal stereotypes. Furthermore, we used mathematical and machine learning techniques and found some biases wherein men are shown to be more dominant and envious than women, whereas women have more joyful roles in movies. In our work, we introduce, to the best of our knowledge, a novel technique to convert dialogues into an array of emotions by combining it with Plutchik’s wheel of emotions. Our study aims to encourage reflections on gender equality in the domain of film and facilitate other researchers in analysing movies automatically instead of using manual approaches.
Toward implementing autonomous adaptive data acquisition for scanning hyperspectral imaging of biological systems
Authors: Holman Elizabeth A. , Krishnan Harinarayan , Holman Derek R. , Holman Hoi-Ying N. , Sternberg Paul W.
Published: March 2023

Autonomous experimentation is an emerging area of research, primarily related to autonomous vehicles, scientific combinatorial discovery approaches in materials science and drug discovery, and iterative research loops of planning, experimentation, and analysis. However, autonomous approaches developed in these contexts are difficult to apply to high-dimensional mapping technologies, such as scanning hyperspectral imaging of biological systems, due to sample complexity and heterogeneity. We briefly cover the history of adaptive sampling algorithms and surrogate modeling in order to define autonomous adaptive data acquisition as an objective-based, flexible building block for future biological imaging experimentation driven by intelligent infrastructure. We subsequently summarize the recent implementations of autonomous adaptive data acquisition (AADA) for scanning hyperspectral imaging, assess how these address the difficulties of autonomous approaches in hyperspectral imaging, and highlight the AADA design variation from a goal-oriented perspective. Finally, we present a modular AADA architecture that embeds AADA-driven flexible building blocks to address the challenge of time resolution for high-dimensional scanning hyperspectral imaging of nonequilibrium dynamical systems. In our example research-driven experimental design case, we propose an AADA infrastructure for time-resolved, noninvasive, and label-free scanning hyperspectral imaging of living biological systems. This AADA infrastructure can accurately target the correct state of the system for experimental workflows that utilize subsequent expensive, high-information-content analytical techniques.
Artificial organelles for sustainable chemical energy conversion and production in artificial cells: Artificial mitochondrion and chloroplasts
Authors: Park Hyun , Wang Weichen , Min Seo Hyeon , Ren Yongshuo , Shin Kwanwoo , Han Xiaojun
Published: March 2023

Sustainable energy conversion modules are the main challenges for building complex reaction cascades in artificial cells. Recent advances in biotechnology have enabled this sustainable energy supply, especially the adenosine triphosphate (ATP), by mimicking the organelles, which are the core structures for energy conversion in living cells. Three components are mainly shared by the artificial organelles: the membrane compartment separating the inner and outer parts, membrane proteins for proton translocation, and the molecular rotary machine for ATP synthesis. Depending on the initiation factors, they are further categorized into artificial mitochondrion and artificial chloroplasts, which use chemical nutrients for oxidative phosphorylation and light for photosynthesis, respectively. In this review, we summarize the essential components needed for artificial organelles and then review the recent progress on two different artificial organelles. Recent strategies, purified and identified proteins, and working principles are discussed. With more study on the artificial mitochondrion and artificial chloroplasts, they are expected to be very powerful tools, allowing us to achieve complex cascading reactions in artificial cells, like the ones that happen in real cells.
Acoustoelectric conversion and deep-subwavelength acoustic focusing based on Fresnel zone plates
Authors: Gao Xue-ying , Cui Xiao-bin , Zhang Yong , Zhu Jie-jun , Huang Cheng-ping
Published: March 2023

Fresnel zone plates (FZP) with quasi-planar structure and ultrathin thickness are capable of focusing light or acoustic waves efficiently. In this paper, we employ the FZP to manipulate the wave fields and suggest two acoustic functionalities. On one hand, by placing the moving coil-type microphone near the focal point of the FZP, enhanced acoustoelectric conversion is realized. The measured output voltage and power attained are 18.5 mV and 130 nW, respectively, which are 5.1 and 27.3 times that obtained without the FZP. On the other hand, by setting a tapered tube near the focal point of the FZP, deep-subwavelength and efficient localization of acoustic waves at the tube end (the mode size is around λ/20) are suggested theoretically. The cascaded focusing scheme leads to an enhancement of the acoustic intensity of the hotspot by more than 8700 times. The results are useful for realizing acoustic energy harvesting, strong mode localization, and acoustic-field enhancement.
Correlative microscopy and monitoring of segregation processes in optoelectronic semiconductor materials and devices
Authors: Abou-Ras Daniel , Bloeck Ulrike , Caicedo-Dávila Sebastián , Eljarrat Alberto , Funk Hannah , Hammud Adnan , Thomas Sinju , Wargulski Dan R. , Lunkenbein Thomas , Koch Christoph T.
Published: March 2023

The present work comprises a practical tutorial on the topic of correlative microscopy and its application to optoelectronic semiconductor materials and devices. For the assessment of microscopic structure–property relationships, correlative electron microscopy, combined also with scanning-probe and light microscopy, exhibits a collection of indispensable tools to analyze various material and device properties. This Tutorial describes not only the various microscopy methods but also the specimen preparation in detail. Moreover, it is shown that electron microscopy can serve to monitor phase segregation processes on various length scales in semiconductor nanoparticles and thin films. Algorithms used to extract phase information from high-resolution transmission electron micrographs are explained.
Ultrafast response self-powered UV photodetectors based on GaS/GaN heterojunctions
Authors: Lin Zhengliang , Lin Tingting , Lin Tingjun , Tang Xin , Chen Guojie , Xiao Jiaying , Wang Haiyan , Wang Wenliang , Li Guoqiang
Published: March 2023

Self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PDs) based on GaN have been of great importance in the application of UV communication, thanks to its wide direct bandgap and strong resistance to irradiation. However, current self-powered GaN-based heterojunction UV photodetectors could not meet the requirement of fast photoresponse. Herein, type-II pn heterojunction GaS/GaN-based self-powered PDs have been proposed with a naturally p-type doping GaS thin film grown on n-type GaN via chemical vapor deposition. The electronic and optical properties of GaS/GaN heterojunction were investigated via experiments and the density functional theory. Afterward, as-prepared GaS/GaN-based PDs reveal an excellent self-powered photosensitivity/detectivity of 6.26 mA W−1/8.29 × 109 Jones at 0 V at 365 nm, ultrafast response speed with a rise/fall time of 48/80 μs as well as an amazing rejection ratio (R365 nm/R500 nm) of 3.42 × 104, and a fine rectification ratio of 105.9. This work provides a feasible method to synthesize high-performance GaS/GaN heterojunctions and demonstrates their enormous potential in ultrafast response self-powered UV photodetection.
Local current shrinkage induced by the MARFE in L mode discharges on EAST tokamak
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Shouxin , Chu Yuqi , Lian Hui , Jie Yinxian , Zhu Rongjie , Yuan Yi , Xu Liqing , Shi Tonghui , Ti Ang , Gao Wei , Mao Songtao , Yang Jianhua , Hu Yunchan , Zhang Wenmin , Wang Yunfei , Liu Haiqing
Published: March 2023

In this study, the multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge (MARFE) was observed in high-density discharges or during impurity gas injection on the EAST tokamak. The MARFE onset indicated by spectral and radiation signals can also be detected by the POlarimeter-INTerferometer (POINT) diagnostic, which measures the horizontal line-integrated density and the Faraday rotation. The fluctuation amplitude of the density signal resulting from the MARFE oscillation increases with the edge safety factor, which is consistent with the thermal instability theory. By combining density and the Faraday rotation, the local current shrinkage in the MARFE region is observed during the MARFE movement. The density and the current profile calculated by the POINT become more peak during the MARFE, which may lead to a strong magnetohydrodynamic instability that can result in disruption.
Synergistic realization of Co/N co-doped hierarchical vanadium trioxide core–shell sphere for ultra-long cycle performance of Li–S batteries
Authors: Ouyang Zhiyong , Zhou Shuanfu , He Song , Li Jianchao , Lin Yang , Zhao Jie , Xiao Yanhe , Lei Shuijin , Cheng Baochang
Published: March 2023

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery has been recognized as one of the most promising energy systems due to its high specific capacity and energy density. However, its instinct defects, such as shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide (LPS), low conductivity, and high volume expansion of cathode sulfur (S), seriously hinder its commercialization process. Herein, a hierarchical vanadium trioxide (V2O3) core–shell sphere, which is self-assembled from zero-dimensional (0D) nanoparticles and integrated with 2D nanosheets and co-doped cobalt (Co) and nitrogen (N), has been prepared. After the hierarchical V2O3 core–shell sphere being served as a separator modifier, a synergistic effect of physisorption, chemisorption, and catalytic conversion of LPS can be well realized, leading to an effective inhibition of the shuttle effect. Hence, exceptional initial discharging capacities of 1485.3 and 1322.2 mAh g−1 can be obtained at 0.1 and 1C, respectively, and after 1100 ultra-long cycles, the capacity loss rate can be restricted at 0.064% per cycle; furthermore, a discharging capacity of 973.9 mAh g−1 can also be obtained even at a high current of 3C, and the capacity loss rate is only 0.059% per cycle during 1000 ultra-long cycles, showing extraordinary ultra-long cycle performance and rate performance.
Multiple dimension-component designed Co/Co9S8/Ti3C2Tx MXene composite for enhanced microwave absorption
Authors: Chang Ming , Jia Zirui , Wu Guanglei , Yin Pengfei
Published: March 2023

The two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbide Ti3C2Tx MXene is a potential candidate for efficient electromagnetic wave absorbers due to its excellent intrinsic conductivity and structural machinability. However, Ti3C2Tx MXene also has some problems (such as self-stacking and single loss mechanism) that limit its practical electromagnetic wave absorption. Based on the electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism, electromagnetic responsiveness of absorbers can be modulated by designing the composition and structure. Herein, a 1D/2D Co/Co9S8/Ti3C2Tx composite has been synthesized by assembling 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene with the designed 1D magnetic structure. The 1D Co/Co9S8 was designed as a core-sheath structure that avoids magnetic agglomeration, and the assembly with 2D Ti3C2Tx sheets alleviates the self-stacking problem of Ti3C2Tx MXene sheets. More importantly, the magnetic component enriches the electromagnetic wave dissipation mechanism, and the multiple heterojunction surfaces provide strong polarization loss capability for the Ti3C2Tx MXene-based absorber. Benefiting from the unique structure and dielectric-magnetic synergistic loss, the Co/Co9S8/Ti3C2Tx composite shows an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.36 GHz (10.08–15.44 GHz) at 2.1 mm and the optimal RLmin value of −52.02 dB at 1.8 mm. This work provides an innovative idea for the design of effective Ti3C2Tx MXene-based absorbers.
Piezoelectric substrate-induced strain engineering on tuning polarized Raman spectra of crystalline black phosphorus
Authors: Zhao Yuqian , Guo Feng , Pang Sin-Yi , Io Weng Fu , Wong Lok-Wing , Zhao Jiong , Hao Jianhua
Published: March 2023

A black phosphorus (BP) ultrathin nanosheet has significant research values in broad fields ranging from nano-electronics/photonics to quantum physics. Here, a piezoelectric actuator is utilized to perform biaxial strain engineering for the investigation of anisotropic Raman response of the ultrathin BP transferred to the oxide dielectric substrate. Three characteristic peaks exhibit redshift when tensile strain is applied, while the peaks reveal blueshift under compressive strain. When applying compressive strain of −0.2%, the Raman shift rate of B2g mode can reach up to 15.3 cm−1/%. In contrast, with the application of 0.2% tensile strain, the B2g mode is shifted by −12.2 cm−1/%. Furthermore, we calculated the Grüneisen parameters to deduce the relationship between the tensile or compressive strain and phonon behavior of crystalline BP. The physical mechanism behind the observation of strained Raman response is discussed, which is related to the variations of bond angle and bond length in BP. Additionally, biaxial strain modulation may change the anisotropic dispersion of BP, revealing the significant potential of BP in innovative polarized light detection.
Multilevel resistive switching in solution-processed CuFe2O4/TiO2 heterostructure
Authors: Kaith Priya , Garg Parul , Bera Ashok
Published: March 2023

Low-cost, stable, and easy-to-fabricate resistive switching memory (RSM) devices are highly desirable for next-generation nonvolatile memories. Spinel-structured CuFe2O4 (CFO), composed of earth-abundant, environmentally friendly elements, is a multifunctional material mainly featuring super-paramagnetism. This work explores the potential of spin-coated CFO thin films as an active material in RSM. A simple fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/CFO/Ag device shows a bipolar resistive switching behavior with the problems like scattered SET and RESET voltages and endurance deterioration. Adding a TiO2 layer in the conventional device, we overcame the above limitations and achieved additional advantages of multilevel switching and improved temperature stability. The solution-processed FTO/TiO2/CFO/Ag bilayer device shows stable endurance with a maximum ON/OFF ratio of 100 with the ability to have multiple high resistance states and exhibits excellent temperature stability up to 250 °C. Our results further enhance the multifunctionality of CFO with the potential of being low-cost multilevel RSM.
Whole-brain mapping of histaminergic projections in mouse brain
Authors: Lin Wenkai , Xu Lingyu , Zheng Yanrong , An Sile , Zhao Mengting , Hu Weiwei , Li Mengyao , Dong Hui , Li Anan , Li Yulong , Gong Hui , Pan Gang , Wang Yi , Luo Qingming , Chen Zhong
Published: March 2023

Histamine is a conserved neuromodulator in mammalian brains and critically involved in many physiological functions. Understanding the precise structure of the histaminergic network is the cornerstone in elucidating its function. Herein, using histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-CreERT2 mice and genetic labeling strategies, we reconstructed a whole-brain three dimensional (3D) structure of histaminergic neurons and their outputs at 0.32 × 0.32 × 2 μm
3
pixel resolution with a cutting-edge fluorescence microoptical sectioning tomography system. We quantified the fluorescence density of all brain areas and found that histaminergic fiber density varied significantly among brain regions. The density of histaminergic fiber was positively correlated with the amount of histamine release induced by optogenetic stimulation or physiological aversive stimulation. Lastly, we reconstructed a fine morphological structure of 60 histaminergic neurons via sparse labeling and uncovered the largely heterogeneous projection pattern of individual histaminergic neurons. Collectively, this study reveals an unprecedented whole-brain quantitative analysis of histaminergic projections at the mesoscopic level, providing a foundation for future functional histaminergic study.
Pattern dynamics and stochasticity of the brain rhythms
Authors: Hoffman Clarissa , Cheng Jingheng , Ji Daoyun , Dabaghian Yuri
Published: March 2023

Our current understanding of brain rhythms is based on quantifying their instantaneous or time-averaged characteristics. What remains unexplored is the actual structure of the waves—their shapes and patterns over finite timescales. Here, we study brain wave patterning in different physiological contexts using two independent approaches: The first is based on quantifying stochasticity relative to the underlying mean behavior, and the second assesses “orderliness” of the waves’ features. The corresponding measures capture the waves’ characteristics and abnormal behaviors, such as atypical periodicity or excessive clustering, and demonstrate coupling between the patterns’ dynamics and the animal’s location, speed, and acceleration. Specifically, we studied patterns of

θ

,

γ

, and ripple waves recorded in mice hippocampi and observed speed-modulated changes of the wave’s cadence, an antiphase relationship between orderliness and acceleration, as well as spatial selectiveness of patterns. Taken together, our results offer a complementary—mesoscale—perspective on brain wave structure, dynamics, and functionality.
Acute phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate depletion destabilizes sarcolemmal expression of cardiac L-type Ca
2+
channel Ca
V
1.2
Authors: Voelker Taylor L. , del Villar Silvia G. , Westhoff Maartje , Costa Alexandre D. , Coleman Andrea M. , Hell Johannes W. , Horne Mary C. , Dickson Eamonn J. , Dixon Rose E.
Published: March 2023

Ca
V
1.2 channels are critical players in cardiac excitation–contraction coupling, yet we do not understand how they are affected by an important therapeutic target of heart failure drugs and regulator of blood pressure, angiotensin II. Signaling through G
q
-coupled AT1 receptors, angiotensin II triggers a decrease in PIP
2
, a phosphoinositide component of the plasma membrane (PM) and known regulator of many ion channels. PIP
2
depletion suppresses Ca
V
1.2 currents in heterologous expression systems but the mechanism of this regulation and whether a similar phenomenon occurs in cardiomyocytes is unknown. Previous studies have shown that Ca
V
1.2 currents are also suppressed by angiotensin II. We hypothesized that these two observations are linked and that PIP
2
stabilizes Ca
V
1.2 expression at the PM and angiotensin II depresses cardiac excitability by stimulating PIP
2
depletion and destabilization of Ca
V
1.2 expression. We tested this hypothesis and report that Ca
V
1.2 channels in tsA201 cells are destabilized after AT1 receptor-triggered PIP
2
depletion, leading to their dynamin-dependent endocytosis. Likewise, in cardiomyocytes, angiotensin II decreased t-tubular Ca
V
1.2 expression and cluster size by inducing their dynamic removal from the sarcolemma. These effects were abrogated by PIP
2
supplementation. Functional data revealed acute angiotensin II reduced Ca
V
1.2 currents and Ca
2+
transient amplitudes thus diminishing excitation–contraction coupling. Finally, mass spectrometry results indicated whole-heart levels of PIP
2
are decreased by acute angiotensin II treatment. Based on these observations, we propose a model wherein PIP
2
stabilizes Ca
V
1.2 membrane lifetimes, and angiotensin II-induced PIP
2
depletion destabilizes sarcolemmal Ca
V
1.2, triggering their removal, and the acute reduction of Ca
V
1.2 currents and contractility.
Can temporal clauses be insubordinate?
Authors: Couper-Kuhlen Elizabeth , Thompson Sandra A.
Published: March 2023

In this paper we aim to determine whether temporal clauses can be shown to be insubordinate in everyday American English interaction. In order to investigate grammatical insubordination in conversation, we operationalize the notion of ‘insubordination’ as a specific practice for designing a turn-at-talk and implementing a social action. That is, we treat as ‘insubordinate’ a clause with a grammatically subordinate form that (a) is freestanding, that is, forms a prosodic unit of its own, (b) implements a discrete social action in its sequential context, and (c) has an independent interpretation, that is, is interpretable and actionable in the absence of a main clause. We then examine five different types of freestanding temporal clauses in conversation which might be considered candidate insubordinate uses. Our data show that in some cases both criteria (b) and (c) are lacking, while in others it is criterion (c) that is absent. In none of these cases are all three criteria satisfied at once. We conclude that temporal clauses do not exhibit insubordination in English conversation as do other adverbial clauses such as those with ’if’.