bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
comprehensive study of magnetic resonance angiography of circle of Willis in population of Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kaul Nisha V. , Pandey V. D. , Dixit Vidit Pratap , Gupta Vanita , Rastogi Rajul , Shukla Sumita
Published: August 2022

Background: Circulus Arteriosus cerebrii, another name for Circle of Willis, establishes a polygonal anastomotic channel between two internal carotid arteries and two vertebral arteries. The arterial circle is located in the interpeduncular fossa, near the base of the brain. It has been established through anatomical and radiological studies that there are anatomical variations in healthy persons. Aim: To evaluate the anatomical variations in arteries of circle of Willis supplying brain through Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) in population of western UP. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study included 264 patients who met inclusion criteria. Non-contrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography of Circle of Willis was carried out among the individuals after a written informed consent.  Angiography of brain (circle of Willis) scanning protocol consisted of 3-dimensional time of flight Trans axial acquisition. MRA of brain was performed on GE 1.5 TESLA Optima MRI machine. MRA Brain angiography images were viewed for normal pattern of arterial anatomy and their variations. Results: The complete variant in male was 58.9% (n=103) while in females it was 59.6% (n=53). The incomplete variant in male & females was 41.1% (n=72) and 40.4% (n=36) respectively.
Plasmidic content of certain virulence factors of Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from different organisms in Kirkuk City
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Jasim , Mahdi Najdat Bahjat
Published: August 2022

The study included isolation and diagnosis of Escherichia coli from clinical and animal sources (humans, cows, sheep, birds, chickens, fish, and gecko). It collected 275 samples distributed to 125 clinical samples taken from urine and 150 samples distributed to other organisms with 25 samples per organism. The isolates used in the study were diagnosed on the appearance, microscopy, and chemical tests, as well as confirmatory testing of isolations through the use of the Api 20 E tape, where 41 isolations of E. coli bacteria were obtained from the clinical source and 89 isolation from other organisms. Some fertility factors of bacterial isolates were studied, all bacterial isolates were found to be Capsule productive, while all were non-Hemolysin enzymes, and Extended Spectrum β-lactamase enzymes were 41% (53/130), and isolates' ability to form biofilm was investigated where isolates were producers 60% (77/130). Three isolates were selected for each source to study their plasmid content, Electrically phased isolators on agarose gels have shown a different variety in their plasmid content.
Radiological evaluation for effect of NAC on tibia puncture fracture in dogs
Authors: Radhi Saif M. , Abdulrazak Ashraff W.
Published: August 2022

The present study used N- acetyl cysteine NAC to study its effects on tibia bone defects in dogs. This study aimed to evaluate the effective use of N- acetylcysteine (NAC) on tibia puncture fracture in dogs. The dogs were divided into three groups (5 dogs for each one): Control group (treated with autogenous cartilage only), treated group 1(treated with autogenous cartilage mixed with NAC), and treated group 2 (treated with autogenous cartilage and NAC orally). Radiological assessment fourteen days postoperatively, there is no evidence of periosteal reaction in the radiological examination in the control group. While the radiological findings revealed evidence of periosteal response at the ridges of the bone gap in treated group one and radiological results showed evidence of more periosteal interaction at the edges of the bone gap in treated group two compared with the group one and control group, and the gap appeared cloudy in color. Twenty-eight days postoperatively showed that the bone gap seemed dark in the shade of bone gap in control groups. Twenty-eight days postoperatively in treated group one, radiographs showed a narrowing in the bone gap diameter as showed by radiological examination.
Improvement of octane number of Gasoline by using rubber waste
Authors: Mohammed Safaa Ibrahim , Hallow Thaer Abed , Mohammed Dawood Habboo
Published: August 2022

In this study, the octane number of gasoline was improved by using isobutanol isobutanol prepared in the treatment of tire inner rubber with kerosene at different temperatures and in different quantities, and then treated with concentrated capranic acid and water. Then, the formed alcohol and water are separated from the acid kerosene using fractional distillation, where the water and alcohol are separated, leaving the acid and kerosene, and then the distilled liquid (isertoy mixture) is heated on a column containing sodium tetramer. And mixed by 1, 1.5, 3, and 5% with gasoline, where the octane number was raised. Cassiochromatographic octane number assays were performed.
effect of the preferences pyramid strategy on providing second-grade students with deep understanding skills
Authors: Younes Wafaa Mahmoud , Kateb Mra Osama Al , Sultan Rahma Talal
Published: August 2022

The research aims to find out the effect of the priority pyramid strategy on providing second-grade intermediate students with deep understanding skills. In order to verify the objective of the research, the researcher developed a null hypothesis regarding the variables of her research. The effectiveness of the priority pyramid strategy in providing second-grade intermediate students with deep understanding skills compared to the usual method. The possibility of applying the priority pyramid strategy in teaching biology to second-grade intermediate students. Adoption of the pyramid of preference strategy in teaching that makes female students more interesting and interesting for the lesson and interacting with the study material, as it has created an enjoyable cooperative and interactive study environment.
In vitro anticandidal activity of the secondary metabolites extracted from Saussurea Costus (Falc.) lipschitz roots
Authors: Karim Zainab Mohammed , Hussein Hussein J. , Al-Rubaye Abeer Fauzi
Published: August 2022

The present study, was conducted to investigate the effect of the crude Alkaloids, Flavonoids, and Terpenoids compounds extract from roots of (Saussurea costus) against Candida species isolated from different clinical samples such as mouth and vagina in the province of Babil 2021 in Iraq. Anticandidal activity was achieved in vitro by using agar well diffusion method against Candida species by preparing three concentrations for each crude compound (25, 50, and 100) mg/ml and compared to positive control represented by Fluconazole 50mg/ml and negative control represented by 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. The aim of this study was to control of Candida species isolated different clinical samples such as mouth and vagina by using secondary metabolites extracted from seeds of Carthamus tinctorius L. The data collected from the study revealed that, the crude Alkaloids, Flavonoids, and Terpenoids compounds extract from seeds of (Saussurea costus) showed reduction at P≤ 0.05 in the growth of Candida species especially at 100mg/ml compared with negative control. Finally, it can be concluded that Saussurea costus is most effective in controlling Candida species, especially Terpenoid and Alkaloids compounds.
Evaluation of osteocalcin and osteopontin among women with osteoporosis in Wasit province, Iraq
Authors: Ali Suhad S. , AL-Attabi Mohammed R. S.
Published: August 2022

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most common metabolic diseases, characterized by low bone mass and abnormal bone microarchitecture leading to the development of fractures and subsequent disability. Disruption of bone remodeling by osteoporosis results in an imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. Aims: This study was aimed to investigate relationship between Osteocalcin and Osteopontin, with estimating their effects on osteoporosis in women and the benefits in diagnosis. Materials and method: In this study, 50women who were referred to DEXA unit in Al-Karama Teaching Hospital to diagnosed with Osteoporosis. They were compared with 40 healthy individuals who did not have any clinical symptoms. Blood samples were used after separating them by a centrifuge for the purpose of examining levels of vital indicators were detected by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The results of the current study showed a decrease in the level of Osteocalcin, increasing in the levels of Osteopontin, with significant differences between the study groups at P≤0.0001 compared to the control group. osteoporosis
Quantitative and histological evaluations for the potentiality of pilocarpine on tramadol induced xerostomia and structural alterations in Rats parotid gland
Authors: Hani Said Mahmoud , Ahmed Atef Ismail , El-Azab Nabih hassan
Published: August 2022

Tramadol is a centrally acting analgesic with weak opioid agonist properties, which also has monoaminergic activity, exerted via inhibition of neuronal uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Tramadol is generally well tolerated and the most common adverse events are nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, sweating, vomiting and dry mouth. The effect of intraperitoneal injection of tramadol and pilocarpine were studied in rats on the flow of saliva, histological and histochemical change in the parotid salivary gland. The rats were divided into three groups, first group, rats received saline and used as control. The second group treated with 10 mg tramadol hydrochloride for three days. The third group treated with tramadol hydrochloride for three days followed with 1 mg pilocarpine. The rats were sacrificed at the fourth day after the end of experimental procedure. The administration of tramadol caused decreased in salivary flow rate by approximately 60 %. The parotid histopathological changes include vacuolation and atrophy of acini and excessive widening of the interstitial tissue area which are replaced by extensive fibrosis fibrosis mostly associated with the degenerated ducts and acini and their replaced by inflammatory cells.
Disaster emergency preparedness literacy education and training for city dwellers: A proposed model
Authors: Ismail Saidatul Akmar , Ahmad Masitah , Nasharudin Nurhidayah
Published: August 2022

The heavy rains in Malaysia in 2021 caused big flooding and landslides in major cities have stunned the unprepared residents over the torrential downpours. The most affected city dwellers are among those low-income categories residents who live in low-cost housing and highly populated areas. Thus, this research is proposed to understand the state of disaster preparedness among city dwellers in Malaysia. The research will adopt a mixed methods approach. The qualitative approach will take place first in the data collection process. Subsequently, a quantitative approach will be conducted. The respondents will be among the city dwellers aged 20 and over. The expected findings will be the city dwellers' disaster preparedness effectiveness and efficiency in rebuilding their livelihood. They seem in line with the two decades government policy on Disaster Reduction Risk  which started in the 1970s. The expected implication will be a new model of disaster emergency preparedness for city dwellers, particularly the low-income city dwellers including the special groups. Hence, the research output is expected to assist the emergency management of stakeholders in educating, monitoring, and acting upon the physical and mental preparedness at all levels.
Evolution of drugs VIS-A-VIS socio legal aspect: A historical perspective
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Punam Shahi , Kanwar Nancy , Sharma Manu
Published: August 2022

It is incredibly difficult to determine who developed the first medication. Perhaps stories have obscured the genesis and early history of medicine and drugs. The use of therapeutic herbs predates both human civilisation and ancient culture. Plants have played a key role in maintaining human health and well-being. The fact that the term Drug is derived from the French word drogue, which meaning dry herb, clearly implies that the first medicines were extracted from plants. Priority was given to plants over animal products and minerals in the treatment of illnesses by the earliest humans, who resorted to a variety of non-conventional techniques including plants, animal products, and minerals. Despite variances in their treatment concepts, the traditional medical systems of the world, such as Chinese Medicine, Ayurveda, and Greek Medicine, all agree that sickness is caused by an imbalance among the body's elements and that the goal of therapy is to restore the balance using herbs. Thus, plants were crucial in the evolution of pharmacology and pharmacy. The magnificent architect of modern-day sophisticated Pharmacology was not constructed overnight, but its basis was established on an ancient foundation.
The effect of exercises specific to the ballistic training method in developing some of the harmonic and physical abilities of young football players
Authors: Joudah Jassim Majeed
Published: August 2022

From the table, it appeared to us that there were significant differences in favor of the experimental group. The researcher attributed the development of the experimental group in the harmonic abilities tests to the training method that the researcher used according to scientific foundations according to the components of the training load, taking into account the individual differences between the members of the research sample as well as the significant differences in the physical tests in favor of the experimental group. Abul-Ela points out that there is a direct correlation between the level of capabilities in any sports activity and the extent to which the physical and motor requirements for that activity improve, and the level of differences is due to the effectiveness of the exercises prepared by the researcher, which brought about this development in the harmonic and kinetic abilities, and therefore this development will undoubtedly be reflected in the performance The skills of the football player confirms the researcher through the level of development of the post-test of the experimental group as in Table (5). I
Analysis of Arabic reading exercises in light of the behavioral objectives of the lesson
Authors: Kadhim Rashid Hadi , Hussein Saif Tariq , Al-Jandil Abdulhadi Kadhim Karim
Published: August 2022

Analysis of Arabic reading exercises for the fourth grade of primary school in the light of the behavioral objectives of the lesson.Accordingly, the researchers followed the analytical descriptive approach as an appropriate method to achieve the goal of the current research.The research community for the current research included all the exercises in writing Arabic reading for the fourth grade of primary school who learned and taught for the 2021-2022 school year in primary schools in the Ministry of Education - Republic of Iraq. The number of exercises reached (46) training and the number of behavioral goals (150) behavioral goals. It is divided into (22) topics containing exercises, 147 pages. The research tool consisted of a unit of idea and repetition for the purpose of calculating frequencies and percentage. The researchers used the validity and reliability of the tool, as well as using appropriate statistical methods, including frequencies and percentage, for the purpose of showing results, including variations in the topics of Arabic reading for the fourth grade of primary school. The researchers recommended the following: The necessity of analyzing the Arabic reading exercises for the fourth grade of primary school in the light of the behavioral objectives and educational activities.
Social inequalities among Brazilian older adults: a secondary cross-sectional analysis of a national survey
Authors: Ribeiro Eloah Costa de Sant Anna , Sgambato Michele Ribeiro , Castro Paulo Cesar Pereira de , Meira Karina Cardoso , Salles-Costa Rosana , Ferreira Aline Alves
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic and economic differences among Brazilian older adults according to region. METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted with individuals ≥ 60 years of age based on a secondary analysis of public data from a nationally representative survey called the Family Budget Survey. The data were separated according to the 5 regions of the country and were associated with sociodemographic and economic characteristics. Analyses were performed of categorical and numerical variables and their associations using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Among all participants in the Family Budget Survey, 26 199 (15%) were older adults. It was found that the southeast and south had better living conditions and higher proportions of older adults. Regarding race, the southern region had the highest proportion of self-declared Whites, the southeastern region had the highest mean education level, and the northern and northeastern regions had the lowest levels of education and household income. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the aging process is heterogeneous due to marked regional inequalities, which are related to social issues. Regional differences can be determinant in socioeconomic and demographic inequalities among the older population.
Konsepsi Media Pembelajaran Perspektif Al-Qur’an
Authors: Sarnoto Ahmad Zain
Published: August 2022

Peneltian ini untuk mengungkap konsepsi dasar media pembelajaran dalam Al-Qura'an, media sangat berpengaruh dalam proses pembelajaran, dengan media seorang guru dapat  menyampaikan semua pesan dalam materi pembelajarannya, dengan media pula interaksi pembelajaran dapat berlangsung efektif. Al-Qur'an bagi umat Islam tidak saja berfungsi sebagai kitab suci, melainkan sumber ajaran yang dapat dijadikan pedoman dalam kehidupan, demikian juga dalam berlangsungnya proses pendidikan. dalam penelitian ini objek kajiannya adalah penafsiran para mufasir dalam mengterprestasikan ayat-ayat Al-Qur'an yang dapat dijadikan landasan membangun konsepsi adanya media pembelajaran. metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustkaan, dimana sumber datanya didapatkan dari litaratur baik buku, jurnal maupun sumber lainnya.
PARADIGMA PENDIDIKAN HUMANISTIK DALAM PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS AL QURAN
Authors: Sarnoto Ahmad Zain
Published: August 2022

Tulisan ini mencoba membahas tentang Pendidikan yang memiliki peran strategis sebagai sarana human resources dan human investment. Artinya, pendidikan selain bertujuan menumbuhkembangkan kehidupan yang lebih baik, juga telah ikut mewarnai dan menjadi landasan moral dan etika dalam proses pemberdayaan jati diri bangsa. Berangkat dari arti penting pendidikan ini, maka wajar jika hakekat pendidikan merupakan proses humanisasi. Humanisasi pada proses kependidikan dengan orientasi pengembangan aspek-aspek kemanusiaan manusia, yakni aspek fisik- biologis dan ruhaniah- psikologis. Aspek rohaniah – psikologis inilah yang dicoba didewasakan dan di-insan kamil-kan melalui pendidikan sebagai elemen yang berpretensi positif dalam pembangunan kehidupan yang berkeadaban. Dari pemikiran ini, maka pendidikan merupakan tindakan sadar dengan tujuan memelihara dan mengembangkan fitrah serta potensi (sumber daya) insani menuju terbentuknya manusia seutuhnya (insan kamil). Wawasan humanisme dalam pendidikan mengusung prinsip pemberdayaan tiap manusia sebagai individu yang bebas untuk mengembangkan potensinya. Itu artinya pendidikan diadakan untuk mengelola dan mengembangkan diri manusia agar menjadi manusia yang utuh sesuai kodrat fitrah yang dimilikinya, setidaknya ada dua karakter utama orientasi pendidikan yang berkembang sejak abad pertengahan hingga kini
Prospects of Developing Islamic Financial Institutions in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Sabihi Fidyah Handayani , Suleman Tantri
Published: August 2022

The objective of this research is to look into the future of Islamic financial institutions in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulwesi Province, Indonesia. The research methods employed are qualitative in nature. The analysis is used to reduce the data, present the findings, generate conclusions, and validate them. The availability of human resources, opportunities, and the engagement of local governments all influence the development possibilities of Islamic finance. Human Resources (HR) are a consideration in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency. Human resources are an essential component of any company or institution. North Bolaang Mongondow Regency, is one among the regions with the potential to build Islamic Financial Institutions, given the following considerations: The population is predominantly Muslim, with strong government support for foreign investors. The government provides possibilities for any investor who wishes to create and build a business in North Bolaang Mongondow, and the local government is also willing to promote the development of the Islamic Financial Institution business.
Pre-Service Teachers' Levels of Understanding the Light-Related Concepts
Authors: Yıldız Ali
Published: August 2022

The aim of the study is to investigate the level of understanding of light-related concepts of teacher candidates who took the “Basic Science in Primary School” course in the classroom teaching undergraduate program. This research is a descriptive study. The study group consists of 65 teacher candidates, 51 female, and 14 male studying in the first year of the classroom teaching undergraduate program at a state university. In the study, an opinion form containing five open-ended questions prepared by the researcher was used as the data collection tool. The grouped answers of the teacher candidates, and their background knowledge were calculated and separately transferred to the relevant tables for each question. For each table, the inferences, and comments about the grouped expressions of the participant teacher candidates have been provided. In addition, interviews were conducted with six randomly selected participants. It has been revealed that the pre-service teachers' scientific knowledge about the concepts related to the light is not at the desired level. Based on the findings of the study, some suggestions were made.
Changes in Life Brought About by Education in the Social Environment
Authors: G Sangeetha
Published: August 2022

Education changes itself in every situation with time. "Change is the only thing that never changes." The study clarifies how education has positioned itself on the path of development from its early days to the present day? the functions of education in bringing women to the path of development, the contribution of wealth in bringing education to all, and how man becomes a person of great power if education is the characteristic of a man. The ability to observe is closer to the state of mind of today's students the methods of bringing education into the palms of children with the help of technology and the benefits of education can be learned through this article.
Changes in Brahmins' Social Life in the Contemporary Environment
Authors: A.R Sathiyaprakash
Published: August 2022

Manu Dharma taught the occupations of castes based on the caste division of Brahmins. Tolkappiyam divided Brahmins based on occupation. It is not specified as a caste. Brahmins were regarded as wise men. Traditions like reciting the Vedas, cultivating pearls, etc., have existed since the Sangam period. Among them were priests who never knew the northern vernacular. Due to the importance given to northern priests, Tamil priests did not gain influence during the Pallava period. The influence of northern priests began to decline only after the emergence of the Tamil priest, Thirugnasambandar. An attempt to prioritise the Tamil priests during the Chola period is also seen in the Periyapuranam. Brahmins meant ascetics and later referred to Brahmins without ascendancy. Since then, Brahmins have been living without any major changes in their lives till today in terms of recitation of Vedas, following Vedic methods, clan discipline, self-control, self-renunciation, religious belief, character interests, etc. through tradition, environment, and family ties. They are giving advice to the rulers now as they used to do in those times, and they are helping them in administration without any manual labor. Since independence, the Brahmins who have been involved in various fields have made a great contribution to Tamil culture. Even today, they have been passing through many struggles against them in society and are quietly doing their work for society.
Individual Moral Transformations in a Modern Environment
Authors: K Chandrasekaran
Published: August 2022

As long as the human race is stable and living in this world, man needs good thinking, virtues, good nature, and morals to live his life effectively. Not only is that individual morality necessary for man to relate to his surroundings. Our forefathers have divided and compiled the system of worship and explained it. Even if a person is born into high society, if he is undisciplined, he is of no use. There are many virtues in the human race, among which morality is admired as the foremost. Education is the basis of human morality. Discipline can lead to excellence in life. Morality is valued as a better quality than life itself. The purpose of this article is to examine how such a morality exists in the contemporary individual.
Some Biographical Changes that have taken Place in the Contemporary Tamil Environment
Authors: M Thenkarai Maharaja Pillai
Published: August 2022

In line with the principle that life is for living, various changes occur in the lives of humans. The human being who used to eat and sleep as a daily life and lived by giving to others without keeping anything for himself, is living in the modern environment in direct contrast. Various changes occur in the lifestyle. A primitive man's life was an everyday life. Today it has changed in various ways, such as food, dress, culture, accessories, bravery, honor, gifts, hospitality, religious harmony, common welfare, religion, worship, kindness to living beings, faith, superstitions, etc. In this article, it is depicted that the dress of today's man is changing from time to time; food habits that are completely different, hospitality that is missing and a man who is addicted to alcohol.
A Study on the Magnificence of Hospitality in Tamil Culture in Contemporary Literature
Authors: P Nithya
Published: August 2022

Hospitality is very important in Tamil culture. Such qualities are admirable in life ethics. And the virtues of Tamil life are amazing, special, and the best guide for our lives. And through literature, we can know the excellence of Tamil culture. It is to preserve the virtues of hospitality and develop humanity through friendship. It is the opinion of the wise men that such noble hospitality should be followed. Hospitality is one of the highest human qualities. The attribute of feasting is the attribute of hunger. Feeding is a solution for appetite. Hospitality is a sense of community to eliminate hunger and disease. "Omputhal" (treating with civility) means accepting and praising someone who is not familiar. Hospitality occupies a high place among the family virtues. Literature shows that such a trait excels in all people. Hospitality in general is based on human mental development.
Changes in the Lives of Students due to Education in a Contemporary Environment
Authors: M Mahalakshmi
Published: August 2022

Time is powerful. No matter where or what changes in life, only time has the power to change everything and run unchanged. Time unfolds as history for us. At such a time, changes are happening in many fields, like politics, culture, education, medicine, and communication. These changes have advantages and sometimes disadvantages depending on the nature of the user. In that way, this review article aims to investigate the changes in the lives of students due to the changes that have occurred in the education sector: learning time, learning methods, learning aids, punishments for students, etc. Education has always been a tool to help students. This will bring good changes. Education is not like it was during the Sangam era. It can be seen that this review article compares with ancient education and realises that education provides good development in life to students as education for all and non-punitive education, education that provides learning equipment, computer-based online education, and distance education that can be learnt from home. In the future, education will become an education where the teacher learns directly. Just as nature does well but occasionally produces evil, so in education, often good development is found. Disadvantages in education are due to the character of the learner.
The Importance of Education and the Evolution of Teaching in the Modern Era
Authors: L Joan Sylvia prema
Published: August 2022

Education is the main factor in all human activities. Education is an invaluable key factor in all aspects of individual social and environmental change. In this context, giving importance to education is essential. Education is the true yardstick for measuring a country's resilience internationally. Education travels throughout the life of the individual. But when they learn in childhood, they become fully mature and become complete human beings so as to contribute to society. In present times, education is taught to students in many new ways. Education is the eternal wealth that people need. Education is about creating the right environment and bringing out the innate qualities of human beings. In today's age, education is taught through the internet, which is taught as clearly as a bell from the palm. Currently, the education system is conducted through the internet.
The Role of Education in Social Change
Authors: A Iyyappan
Published: August 2022

It is education that takes society on the path of progress and enriches it. Such education plays a very important role in societal needs and change. Therefore, changes in education are made in the interest of society. People have known since ancient times that education is not for imparting knowledge, but the real purpose of education should be to teach a man higher quality and make him a better man. Education and teaching methods have also changed as education in Tolkapiyam, education in the Sangam era, education in the Gurukulam era, education in the Pallavar era, education in the Nayakkar era, education that was imparted in porches, education in the British era, today's education, computer-based education, professional education, distance education, technical education, and online education. Learned people are always held in high esteem and respect in society.
Roll of Stem Cell Therapy in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Eshan Kashifa
Published: August 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is by far the most prevalent type of degenerative joint disease. It is a painful, long-lasting disorder that can affect any synovial joint. Over the future decades, diseases would impose a significant socioeconomic burden on society as a result of an ageing population and rising disease prevalence [1]. The fact that there are few OA therapy choices complicates this situation. Since neither pharmacological nor non-operative treatments have shown to be effective in slowing or stopping the progression of disease, treatment is limited to managing aggravating variables over the long term and managing pain. When mechanical deformity is evident, surgical alternatives such as osteotomies are available to improve alignment and reduce the risk of OA; however, these operations are of limited effect once severe degenerative changes have occurred [2]. Despite improvements in these techniques, they cannot be used to treat more severe joint degeneration brought on by OA. The hunt for disease-modifying remedies goes on in the lack of successful tactics.
For degenerative musculoskeletal disorders like OA, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recommended as the best restorative cellular treatment. These cells can quickly multiply and differentiate into musculoskeletal lineages like bone and cartilage. They can be found in a range of tissues [3]. A large body of research has also shown that these cells control crucial immunologic processes by modifying the local inflammatory response. Together, these elements lend credence to MSCs' potential to prevent degenerative joint disease. Due to the fact that this cytotype can be found in a wide variety of tissues, research has concentrated on identifying the best source for MSC generation [4]. Thus, MSC-based therapeutic approaches can be employed to treat OA as a standard treatment plan in near future
The Implementation of Indigenous Peoples Education (IPED) Program: Towards A Proposed Plan of Action
Authors:   Tarlac State University, Tarlac City, Philippines, C. Reyes Arnold ,   https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0458-9409
Published: August 2022

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the Indigenous Peoples Education (IPEd) program in the Division of Tarlac Province. Standard questionnaires were used as the primary data gathering tool in this evaluation research method, supplemented by unstructured interviews and documentary analysis. The participants of the study were the teachers and school heads of IPEd Implementing Schools at the elementary level of the Division of Tarlac Province. The researcher applied different research instruments in the study, such as survey- questionnaires backed-up by unstructured interviews to provide some clarification and verify the data collected in the questionnaire. During the interview, more questions were asked to confirm and explain the responses of the participants to the questionnaire. Three (3) experts checked and validated the survey questionnaire used in data gathering: One Education Program Supervisor for Inclusive Education and two Public Schools District Supervisors. It was found in the study that: (1) Most implementing schools have adequate Learning Materials (LMS). In some schools Learning Materials are not sufficient and, in some learning areas, Learning Materials are unavailable. (2) The school screening committee should consult IP customary elders or leaders where the school is situated to verify and better assess the application. However, this is not given considerable attention since a certification from NCIP is already acceptable. (3) Majority of the IPEd teachers obtained training by the Division of Tarlac Province. But training to familiarize with indigenous language and culture are inadequate. It was recommended that: (1) Continuous consultation with Division Inclusive Education Program Supervisor, NCIP, and Community elders to strengthen the existing implementation of IPEd program. (2) During the screening process or interview, the IP elders or leaders may be part of the screening committee to verify that the aspirant IPEd teachers fully understand their culture and practices and measure their effective communication skills. (3) Provide training for teacher to incorporate their methods of teaching with the dominant language in the community. Customary Elders and IP leaders may seek their knowledge and skills by inviting them to be resource people at school-based or district-wide training. Keywords: Indigenous Peoples Education, Curriculum, Indigenous People, IPEd Program
Supervisory Practices of Department Heads and Teachers’ Performance: Towards A Proposed Enhancement Program
Authors:   Tarlac State University, Tarlac City, Philippines, J. Bancifra Joemar ,   https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0641-1305
Published: August 2022

The study investigated the effects of department heads’ supervisory practices on teachers’ performance in public secondary schools in the Schools Division of Tarlac Province. A descriptive-correlational quantitative design was used, with a standardized instrument serving as the primary data-gathering tool. To reduce bias, the five (5) statements in each indicator on supervisory practices were arranged at random. Informal interviews and documentary analysis were used to substantiate the primary instrument. The findings revealed that: (1) the department heads, as validated by themselves, by teachers, and by school heads, are generally performing very well among the domains of supervisory practices with grand means of 3.59, 3.57, and 3.51, respectively, and an overall grand mean of 3.56 which constituted a Proficient verbal description except for one, that is, Domain 3: Fostering a Culture of Continuous Improvement which constituted an Approaching Proficient verbal description; (2) the greater majority of teachers are performing within the Very Satisfactory level; and (3) supervisory practices are generally statistically significant to teachers’ performance, with the exception of Domain 2: Strengthening Shared Accountability and KRA 3: Curriculum and Planning, which is statistically not significant because the ρ-value of 0.088 is greater than the 0.05 level of significance. Among the recommendations are: 1) Department heads are encouraged to take advantage of opportunities for research skill development, such as training workshops and conducting action and/or applied research; and 2) Recalibrate department heads’ supervisory practices, particularly in classroom observation and appraisal of teachers using features of practice; and 3) Hold a Department Heads Summit to encourage open communication among department heads. Keywords: Supervisory practices, Department Heads, Enhancement Program, Descriptive method
Implementation of Learning Continuity Plan in School Management of Private Schools: Basis for Action Plan
Authors:   Tarlac State University, Tarlac City, Philippines, D. Chua Gillian Jaiun ,   https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-7744
Published: August 2022

The researcher conducted this study to evaluate and explore the difficulties faced by the private school sector in the division of Tarlac Province as a result of the pandemic Covid-19. This pandemic has indeed posed challenges for schools, especially since the government announced and ordered that face-to-face sessions for the 2020-2021 school year would not begin until the COVID-19 vaccine was available. As a result of the economic downturn, there was a significant drop in enrollment in private schools, as parents who could afford the private schools’ exorbitant fees lost their jobs during the pandemic. Furthermore, the abrupt transition in learning and teaching mode imposed significant burden and expectations on school principals, teachers, and students. All private schools in the division of Tarlac Province were asked to comply with all government criteria for the school year 2020-2021 if they wanted to continue teaching and continue to operate. Because of the compliance and quick implementation and strict requirements, the LCP and health procedures imposed additional burdens. Despite the fact that instructions were provided on how private schools can prepare all the requirements for the start of classes, the process of the documentation itself is difficult and must be completed quickly. Finally, the research was to prepare private schools in the event of another disaster, such as a pandemic, by a proposed action plan ensuring that no private schools are forced to close and stop providing quality education to children. Keywords: private school institutions, learning continuity plan, covid-19, compliance
Philippine Public Senior High School Time Optimization of School Forms Preparation
Authors: Nacional Ritchell
Published: August 2022

It is well accepted in the Philippines that public school teachers are continually overworked. This study aims to help the classroom advisers in preparing school forms and provides solutions for time optimization to increase productivity. This study developed a system to minimize the time spent on school forms preparation. The time and motion study *were utilized to analyze the process of creating each school form. The Project Evaluation Review (pert) and Critical Path Method (cpm) network analysis answered the number of hours spent to complete the entire process, and identified the critical activities and non-critical activities that could be completed later without delaying the process. This helped establish a standard time for the completion of each school form and detect repetitive activities. It aids operational efficiency by simplifying tasks and developing strategies. The total time initially for completing school forms was 209 hours in a school year. After implementing the PERT/CPM, the total time for completing the school form was reduced to 56.34 hours. This change in the duration of the process of finishing school forms represents a 74. 8% reduction in school forms completion time. However, the study merely reduces the completion of the school forms procedure, which is only one of the reasons for the classroom advisers' overtime work. Innovations contribute to making things easier to do, and this study demonstrates that innovation can reduce the time required to complete school forms.
Articles: Platforms, a Convenient Source of Information Under DAC7 and the VAT Directive: A Proposal for More Alignment and Efficiency
Authors: Merkx Madeleine , Janssen Anne , Leenders Maxime
Published: August 2022

From 1 July 2021, platforms must deal with VAT (Value Added Tax) reporting and record-keeping obligations under the VAT Directive. As of 1 January 2023, these platforms will also have to deal with a set of information obligations under the new DAC7 Directive. This article seeks to address the impact of this combined legislation for platforms by analysing the differences and similarities of the legislation and proposing possible improvements for the application of this combined legislation to avoid overlap and create more efficiency and effectiveness of those rules.

DAC7, VAT, platform, record-keeping, reporting, obligations, exchange of information, sharing economy, e-commerce, alignment
Indian Higher Education Policy, Practice and Economics
Authors: Nidhi Tiwari
Published: August 2022

Education has a significant impact on economic growth since it boosts productivity and hence raises the country's gross domestic product. Higher education is becoming increasingly important in policymaking because of the growing value of knowledge in the growth process. Through its research and development (R&D) operations, higher education plays a significant role in the creation of new knowledge and in the utilisation of knowledge that has been developed elsewhere. In many countries, governments and individuals/households have been expanding their investments in higher education, which has resulted in massification and eventually universalization of higher education. However, the most difficult task is to keep the country competitive while still providing an inexpensive and high-quality education to people from all walks of life. As a result of the affordability issue, the public sector plays an increasingly important role in funding postsecondary education.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DAN USIA IBU HAMIL TERHADAP KEPATUHAN KUNJUNGAN ANTENATAL CARE
Authors: Fitriani  , Handayani  , Erika Lubis
Published: August 2022

Pendidikan dan usia ibu merupakan faktor penting dalam kepatuhan melakukan Antenatal care.  Antenatal care penting dilakukan untuk pemantauan kesehatan secara fisik, psikologis, termasuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin serta mempersiapkan proses persalinan dan kelahiran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan dan usia ibu hamil terhadap kepatuhan kunjungan antenatal care di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Rebo Jakarta Timur. Desain penelitian korelasi dengan metode survey cross sectional. Analisa data menggunakan metode Spearman rho. Jumlah responden 76 orang. Variabel pendidikan SMA yang patuh kunjungan ANC sebanyak (42.1%). Variabel Umur yang patuh responden berumur 20-35 tahun sebanyak (52 %). Hasil penelitian terdapat hubungan tingkat pendidikan dan usia ibu hamil terhadap kepatuhan kunjungan antenatal (p value: 0,000 dengan r: 0,550; dan pv: 0,000 dengan r :0,650). Sebaiknya ibu hamil berada pada usia produktif dan memiliki pemdidikan selevel SMA agar tercapai kepatuhan Antenatal care sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan ibu dan janin.
Functional Biology and Evolutionary Biology: A Different View of the Origin of Living Things
Authors: Benitez Hugo
Published: August 2022

The distinction proposed by Ernst Mayr and François Jacob between functional biology and evolutionary biology is a fundamental key for a clear and conclusive treatment of two problems that, recurrently, are placed in the field of the Philosophy of Biology: that which concerns the possible character teleological of biological explanations and that relative to the autonomy of Biology in relation to Physics and Chemistry. Without supporting an alternative solution for any of these problems, we present that opposition showing its relevance for the treatment of such issues. Our idea is that they should not be raised without specifying which of the two domains of life sciences we are referring to.
Frequência de HBsAg em Porteiros Aplicando ao Laboratório de Saúde Pública
Authors: Mohammed Ustman
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: As infecções pelo vírus da hepatite B são um dos maiores problemas de saúde do mundo. O HBV transmitido principalmente por via parenteral pode ser encontrado no sangue, mas com menos frequência em fluidos corporais, como saliva, sêmen, suor e lágrimas, e a transmissão pode ocorrer por via percutânea. Por esta razão, é importante investigar o HBsAg em triagem de portadores para a saúde pública.Material e Métodos: Neste estudo, ELISA de micropartículas de frequência de HBsAg (Vitros 3600, Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics) em amostras de soro levadas ao Ministério da Saúde Afyonkarahisar Saúde Pública Laboratório para triagem de porteiros de funcionários de setores como alimentação, limpeza e turismo entre setembro de 2011 e março de 2012. Foi pesquisado por método. As amostras com uma reação positiva foram verificadas executando o mesmo kit uma segunda vez. Resultados e dados foram avaliados retrospectivamente. Resultados: Um total de 1.961 porteiros, 311 (15,8%) mulheres, com idade entre 18-65, foram incluídos no estudo, 1.096 do porteiro era alimentação (56,0%), 312 era turismo Foi determinado que ele trabalhava na limpeza (4,0%) setor e 470 (24,0%) deles eram novos contratados. A positividade do HBsAg foi encontrada em 39 (1,9%) portadores, sendo cinco mulheres. Constatou-se que 32 (82,0%) dos porteiros HBsAg positivos trabalhavam no setor de alimentação, 4 (10,3%) trabalhavam no setor de limpeza e 3 (7,7%) eram novos contratados. Conclusão: A maioria dos estudos epidemiológicos sobre hepatite B em nosso país mostra que a transmissão horizontal intrafamiliar ou intracomunitária do HBV na infância e adolescência está na vanguarda. Além das aplicações parenterais, fluidos corporais como saliva, suor e lágrimas também são proeminentes na transmissão horizontal comunitária. Por esse motivo, é importante verificar o HBsAg em triagens de portadores em termos de saúde pública. (Jornal de Hepatite Viral 2012; 18 (1): 57-9)
Phonetic expression and its role in phonetic changes and in the installation of new materials
Authors: Abdulwahid Aziz Aram , Mahmud Faraj Hoger
Published: August 2022

This paper consists five sections. The first section provides a general preview of language phonemes and some phonological conditions, it also deals with some phonemic cases in Kurdish language. As far as the second section is concerned, the elision and change of these sounds and their roles in phonemic assimilation and formation of new words are stated. The third section clarifies the influences of changing and elision of some sounds and their roles in the formation of simple words out of compound words. Similarly, section four explains the change and elision of sounds and their roles in forming simple words out of complex words. Finally, the role of assimilation of linguistic items in implying intended meaning in both speaking and writing is discussed. Consequently, a list of conclusions, resources, and abstracts in both English and Arabic are provided.