bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elherdált lehetőség
Authors: Hegedűs Barbara
Published: November 2021

A Dél-amerikai Nemzetek Uniójának (UNASUR) 2008-as alakulásakor a regionális integráció fellendülését várták az új szervezettől, amely a korábbi együttműködésekhez képest új területek bevonásával kívánta elősegíteni a dél-amerikai országok kooperációját. A régióban bekövetkező politikai változások, a jobboldal előretörése, a venezuelai válság okozta feszültségek azonban szétfeszítették az integrációs együttműködést, ami mára gyakorlatilag szétesett. Az elemzés célja, hogy bemutassa a legkomplexebb koncepcióval megalakított regionális szervezet kialakulását, vizsgálja milyen eredményeket tudott elérni rövid fennállása alatt, kiemelten a biztonság-és védelempolitika területén, valamint kitekintést nyújtson a dél-amerikai regionális együttműködés jövőjére.
Migrációs stratégiák: Dél-Amerika vs. Európa
Authors: Thomázy Gabriella
Published: November 2021

A migráció és az ehhez kapcsolódó migrációs stratégia nem csak Európában, hanem Dél-Amerikán belül is egyre több ország biztonsági agendájában jelenik meg. A téma jelenleg nagyon aktuális, hiszen felgyorsult az ún. „déli-déli irányú migráció”, vagyis a bevándorlók nem csak a korábban szokásos migrációs útvonalon keresnek új hazát (Egyesült Államok, Európa), hanem a latin-amerikai régión belül vándorolnak. A néhány éve kezdődő folyamat során az eddig kibocsátó országok befogadó és tranzitországokká is váltak. A tanulmány célja a migráció és az ehhez kapcsolódó stratégiák összehasonlító vizsgálata. Az elsődleges források, illetve a rendelkezésre álló statisztikák másodelemzése lehetővé teszi a jelenlegi tendenciák, a migrációval kapcsolatos stratégiák, kihívások, és a jövőbeli szcenáriók elemzését.
Gyöngyösi István és Tétsi N. Zakariás – a Murányi Vénus 1702-es kiadásáról
Authors: Pálfy Eszter
Published: November 2021

Gyöngyösi István költészetének megítélésében az eltelt századok során jelentős változások történtek. Műveinek kortárs, majd 18. századi töretlen népszerűsége után a 19. századi recepciót Kazinczy Ferenc elmarasztaló ítélete határozta meg. Az időközben más szempontokat előtérbe helyező irodalmi ízlés miatt a Gyöngyösi-életmű jelentősége csökkent. Gyöngyösi irodalomtörténeti megítélésében csak az 1980-as években jött el az a fordulat, amely a szövegek korhoz kötöttségét hangsúlyozta: Kibédi Varga Áron nagyhatású Gyöngyösi-tanulmányában válik először központi jelentőségű gondolattá, hogy a költőt nem a későbbi korok irodalmi elvárásai, hanem saját korának retorikai-poétikai elvei alapján érdemes mérlegre tennünk. A Gyöngyösi-kutatás többé-kevésbé azóta is ezt az elvet követi, újabb és újabb adalékokkal egészítve ki a Gyöngyösi retorikai-poétikai ismereteiről tudottakat.
Supposition about absence of contact inhibition of cancer cells
Authors: Gogichadze G , Gogichadze T , Mchedlishvili E
Published: November 2021

As is known, the superficial charge of most somatic cells is negative. Proceeding from this fact, somatic cells never interact. There is always some type of space (intercellular space) between them. Intercellular contacts are predominantly determined by two main factors: Van der Waals (positive taxis) and electrostatic (negative taxis) forces contributing to the formation of membrane electric potential. Presence of the intercellular space is a structural representation of the balance bet­ween these forces (contact inhibition).
Microbiological evaluation of meat sold in butcheries shop of Cheleleka town in anchar woreda, West Harerge, Oromia, Ethiopia Western Ethiopia
Authors: Wazir Shafi Mustefa
Published: November 2021

Food borne infections and disease are a main international health problem with consequent economic loss and deaths. Meat is considered the most vital source of proteins consumed by humans, so far, most perishable. For highly consumable foodstuffs such as fresh red meat, the hazard of food poisoning is mainly high since it contains all the nutrients that support bacterial growth. The objective of the study was evaluated bacteriological meat quality sold in shops of Cheleleka town in west harerge zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Samples of kitfo and gored-gored were collected from five different meat shops. The microbial quality of raw meat sold in five most popular meat shops in the of Cheleleka Town was determined to ascertain its safety. The meat samples were taken from Genet, Wondu, Ayichuluhum, Alemayehu, and Kamil shops. A total of 10 raw meat samples were collected in two successive visits. Raw samples from Ayichuluhum had the highest mean total aerobic bacterial count of 3.3 × 106 cfu/g for kitfo and 2.8 x 106 cfu/g for gored-gored. The lowest counts were obtained from Genet (7.8 × 105 cfu/g and 7 x 105 cfu/g) for Kitifo and Gored-gored were recorded respectively. The highest mean fecal counts (2.0 × 106 cfu/g for kitfo and 1.7 × 106 cfu/g for gored-gored) were obtained also from Ayichuluhum shop. From Genet shop was seen the lowest fecal coliform bacterial counts of 4.3 × 105 cfu/g for Kitifo and 4 × 105 cfu/g for gored-gored. Bacterial species isolated from the samples were mostly Gram-positive rods and Gram-positive spherical bacteria in clumps. Some Gram-negative rods were also seen some of which may be fecal coliforms. The high bacteria count and diversity of bacterial isolates from the samples tested is an indication of its low bacteriological quality, and this can make it a potential source of food infection.
A qualitative study on perspectives of pregnant and postnatal mothers on accessing Tetanus Toxoid vaccine in Hai District Kilimanjaro region Tanzania
Authors: Asia Hemed Kipengele , Sweetness Naftal Laizer , Perry M Cyril , Zuhura Lintu , Nateiya M Yongolo , Neema Allen Ng’unda , Irene Haule , Blandina Theophil Mmbaga , Agnes Cyril Msoka
Published: November 2021

Background: Antenatal care for pregnant and postnatal mothers is the main entry gate for maternal Tetanus Toxoid (TT) vaccination. In developing countries including Tanzania, pregnant and postnatal mothers especially in rural communities have been experiencing barriers to maternal vaccination. The study aimed to explore perspectives of pregnant and postnatal mothers on accessing TT vaccine in Hai District Kilimanjaro Region Tanzania. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted during baseline assessment from October 2020 to May 2021, in 10 remote villages. Pregnant and postnatal mothers attending antenatal and postnatal services were selected purposively based on their availability and convenience, A semi-structured interview guide relevant to the study objectives was used to guide the interviews. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and In-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted; and thematic analysis was used to obtain themes and subthemes. Results: A total of 15 mothers aged 18 to 40 years participated in the study. Most of the mothers were Christians, married with 1 to 5 children. Majority had completed primary level education engaged in small-scale farming. Main themes were extracted namely: Unreliable vaccine information, Healthcare workers attitude, Overworked with household activities, adherence of appointment dates for vaccination after delivery and role of Traditional medicine during pregnancy. Conclusion: The role of healthcare providers are critical component for the appropriate transfer of vaccine information to the mothers and their spouses during clinic visits, to eliminate vaccine misconceptions hence improving overall tetanus vaccine uptake. Quality of information from reliable sources could be an important factor to upgrade the awareness of pregnant mothers on maternal vaccination.
NCBI submission protocol for microbial pathogen surveillance v5
Authors: Timme Ruth , Balkey Maria , Randolph Robyn , Haendiges Julie , Laxmi Gubbala Venkata Sai , Wolfgang William , Strain Errol
Published: November 2021

PURPOSE: Step-by-step instructions for submitting pathogen whole genome sequence data to NCBI and to the NCBI Pathogen Detection portal. This protocol covers the steps needed to establish a new NCBI submission environment for your laboratory, including the creation of new BioProject(s) and submission groups. Once these are step up, the protocol then walks through the process for submitting raw reads to SRA and sample metadata to BioSample through the Submission portal. SCOPE: for use by any laboratory submitting WGS data for species under active surveillance within NCBI’s Pathogen Detection. (This includes US laboratories in GenomeTrakr, NARMS, Vet-LIRN, PulseNet, and other non-US networks and submitters). For new submitters, there's quite a bit of groundwork that needs to be established before a laboratory can start its first data submission. We recommend that one person in the laboratory take a few days to get everything set up in advance of when you expect to do your first data submission. If you need a pipeline for frequent or large volume submissions, follow Step 1 to get your NCBI submission environment established, then contact gb-admin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov to set up an account for submitting through the API. This protocol covers submission using NCBI's Submission Portal web-interface. Version history: V5: Linking directly to the metadata template guidance instead of including duplicate copies of the files in this protocol. Updated screenshot for choosing the pathogen template to reflect changes at NCBI. V4: updated screenshots to reflect NCBI submission portal changes. Updated custom BioSample template.
Can there be an input from philosophical debates on a better use of nature? Towards an improvement of nature rights in environmental economics
Authors: Nuppenau Ernst-August
Published: November 2021

This contribution will deal with granting rights to nature. We will define nature rights as a social process of creating institutions which are linked to philosophical discourses on nature perceptions. The idea is to use different narratives in order to understand how nature rights have and can be accomplished/derived by humans. Then we will give hints for future directions of right detection embedded in eco-systems. We will specifically focus on right derivation needed for contracting with nature. We take beaver, wolf and black tern as examples and generalize on case specific findings. All of them need habitats and landscapes in which they can live. The mes­sage is that landscapes and habitats are part of nature rights and that they must be also addressed, not only nature rights for individual species. Additionally, we will use different strains of thought to get hints on practical nature rights establishment.
Los ODS en Latinoamérica: compromiso y relación con la responsabilidad social
Authors: Ramón-Llorens María Camino , Martínez-Ferrero Jennifer , García-Meca Emma
Published: November 2021

En 2015, con la aprobación de la Agenda 2030, se estableció un ambicioso plan de acción con el principal objetivo de erradicar la pobreza, salvaguardar el planeta y luchar por conseguir el bienestar paratoda la sociedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar, para una muestra de empresas latinoamericanas, la contribución a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) y el compromiso en relación al nivel de rendimiento, divulgación de memorias y calidad de la información en responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC), así como por adhesión y firma al Global Compact. Los resultados señalan a Brasil y México como los países que cuentan con las empresas que más información divulgan sobre ODS. Asimismo, se muestra cómo una mayor solidez y compromiso en las actividades de RSC por parte de las empresas, favorece la consecución de estos objetivos. Este trabajo contribuye al conocimiento y la comprensión del abordaje de los ODS y la responsabilidad social en Latinoamérica pues, hasta donde conocemos, la literatura previa no ha estudiado esta relación.
La rendición de cuentas y responsabilidad social en los gobiernos centrales: Alianza del Pacífico
Authors: León Silva Jeimi Maribel , Montesinos Julve Vicente , Dasí González Rosa
Published: November 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir la información que divulgan los gobiernos centrales de los países de la Alianza del Pacifico (AP), y los roles que estos asumieron en la promoción de la Responsabilidad Social (RS) mediante los informes de rendición de cuentas que fueron presentados por los presidentes de gobierno en el año 2017. El estudio se realizó mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido, utilizando como criterio de clasificación las categorías y los aspectos definidos en las guías para la presentación de informes de sostenibilidad del Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) relacionados con el sector público. Se concluye que los gobiernos centrales divulgan información relacionada con las tres categorías de la RS (económica, social y medioambiental) y han asumido roles de regulador, promotor, colaborador y facilitador para incentivar este tipo de acciones, lo que evidencia que las presiones de los organismos internacionales han influido en las políticas públicas de los países, principalmente en México y Chile.
Combination of hydrogel-toluidine blue and light 600 nm for inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro
Authors: Virych P. , Nadtoka O. , Kutsevol N.
Published: November 2021

Skin damage is accompanied by bacterial infection of the wound. Different materials are used for accelerate tissue regeneration and minimize bacterial contamination. Also it is prevent the penetration of bacteria to damaged tissues. After the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms began the search for alternative means of their inactivation. Photosensitizers are used for this purpose. Their maxima of optical absorbance are in the red and infrared regions. The use of such substances provides powerful bactericidal effects, but with low toxicity to
surrounding tissues. The aim of the investigation is to determine the effectiveness of combining hydrogels with toluidine blue and irradiation by light of 600 nm to inhibit the in vitro of Staphylococcus aureus growth. Equilibrium is not formed after incubation of hydrogels with toluidine blue after 3 h in aqueous solution. During this time, 57 and 43 % of the photosensitizer is desorbed from the hydrogels PAA and D-PAA, respectively.
Process rate depends on the type of polymer. Desorption of TB from D-PAA is 30% faster. Irradiation of the suspension of S. aureus by light of 600
nm reduced the CFU amount by 25 % at a dose more than 4 J/ml. Short incubation (20 min) of the PAA and D-PAA hydrogels in the bacterial suspension and light irradiation (600 nm), the amount of CFU are reduced by 33% and 15 %, respectively. Increasing the incubation time of PAA does not increase the bactericidal effect. Exposure of 80 min D-PAA with TB in a suspension of S. aureus, followed by light irradiation provides inactivation of 50 % CFU. Thus, the D-PAA system with toluidine blue in combination with 600 nm light can be used to inactivate S. aureus.
Modelos causales de indicadores en la información corporativa sobre sostenibilidad
Authors: Déniz-Mayor José Juan , Verona Martel María Concepción
Published: November 2021

Los modelos basados en el enfoque “Presión - Estado - Respuesta” han sido una herramienta ampliamente utilizada en el contexto de la formulación de políticas públicas en materia ambiental, si bien su uso se ha extendido a otros ámbitos como el social o el económico. En este trabajo se presenta, a título introductorio, una adaptación de estos modelos para su implementación en la empresa como un marco conceptual gracias al cual poder diseñar metodologías para identificar y evaluar tanto el impacto corporativo sobre su entorno económico, social y ambiental, como las acciones tendentes a reforzar o, en su caso, corregir, reducir o minimizar dicho impacto.
Las herramientas estratégicas: un apoyo al proceso de toma de decisiones gerenciales.
Authors: Pulgarín Molina Sergio Andrés , Rivera R. Hugo Alberto
Published: November 2021

This article mentions the main tools proposed by some authors in the strategy field from the mid-twentieth century to nowadays and can be used to facilitate the corporate decision making process. The description of each tool is briefly presented in its structure and application and it ends with a short reflexive critique of some of its potential disadvantages.
Las transiciones democráticas en el oriente medio. un análisis crítico desde la perspectiva de las teorías políticas occidentales
Authors: AHMED GHOTME RAFAT
Published: November 2021

En este estudio se verá que la teoría política del Oriente Medio no encaja adecuadamente en las teorías políticas occidentales, incluso si se trata de una transición democrática de corte modernista. Si bien las teorías occidentales pueden proveer una comprensión para entender comparativamente los sucesos de la transición democrática en Oriente Medio, todas estas teorías no pueden aplicarse a las realidades sociales y políticas en esa región, determinadas por redes culturales, la religión y las identidades tribales, que propenderán por crear una supuesta democratización –que, en caso de darse–, se sostendría bajo una forma particular de democracia estructurada en las complejas interacciones entre entidades heterogéneas, las tensiones sociales y las diferentes identidades
Análisis de percepciones de consumidores de bebidas alcohólicas - productos cerveceros
Authors: Carvajal Pedraza Jaime Waldo , Zapata Guerrero Edgar Enrique
Published: November 2021

Ever since before intercultural conquests, humanity has consumed alcoholic beverages in different geographical regions, including groups of every continent. Even though fabrication procedures for these beverages have evolved technologically, the effect they have on people´s behavior and its use remains practically the same. The present work collects different studies about the perceptions of consumers of alcoholic beverages, consumption studies and demographic patterns. The description of mechanisms operating during the perception process, the characterization of beer and its modern fabrication process, as well as the investigation results from the perspective of alcoholic beverage producers and the organizations, concerned about consumption associated risks.
The future of corporate governance in knowledge-dispersed companies.
Authors: Krause Martin
Published: November 2021

Corporate governance focuses its attention on the structure of the firm and the allocation of decision rights between owners and managers basically, plus other stakeholders. The field has developed extensively during the last decades inspiring reforms and practices as well as learning from them. Most of the analysis though takes into consideration the XXth Century firm, rightfully so since CG is a very practical field in the overlapping map of law, economics and finance. The firm has probably been one of the most successful institutional innovations of the last centuries. Five hundred years ago only a few of them existed, today they are pervasive. Nevertheless, we cannot expect the firm to be the same a hundred years from now as it is today. And if companies are going to be different, how will their corporate governance be affected? The present article does not expect to give an answer to such question. It only attempts to provoke debate and speculation about a possible evolution of the firm based on one single aspect of change: the increased use of dispersed knowledge. After suggesting some development and analyzing present innovations in that direction, we will open up to consideration how those potential changes may affect corporate governance. Of course, there are no specific conclusions, just a call to open our minds to future possible scenarios.
Evaluación del concepto de valor para el consumidor en el marketing y el diseño. una revisión conceptual
Authors: Correa Malagón Claudia Marcela , Duque Oliva Edison Jair
Published: November 2021

From a descriptive and reflexive perspective, this article seeks to characterize, classify and analyze the concept of value in marketing and design, identifying their elements in common and differences and those that do not consider their interrelationship and importance. First, there is an approach to the concept of value, then an exploration of the same from both disciplines, identifying the main conceptual pillars to compare them and analyze them as a whole. In conclusion it was determined that the characterization, identification and classification of the concept of value contributes enormously to the research of value in both areas and that the gap between these concepts comes from conceptual differences and especially from the importance given to each one.
Análisis comparativo del impuesto de renta para las personas naturales (colombia) - personas físicas (españa) y los no residentes.
Authors: Fajardo Calderón Constanza Loreth , Suárez Amaya Dora Cecilia
Published: November 2021

“Comparative Analysis of National Taxes in Tax Law in Colombia and Tax Law in Spain” is a study that comes from SITUQ tax research center. In this study you will find tax systems, an establishment of the state of the art in national taxes, and a comparative analysis of its common grounds and its differences. Likewise, an analysis is made on the “Agreement between the Kingdom of Spain and the Republic of Colombia to avoid double imposition and prevent fiscal evasion in income and equity taxes” to measure its effects. The present article shows us how an imposition system is held on tax income in both countries to establish their differences and similarities. This is interesting for both academic and professional communities who may study economic and fiscal facts in the competitive environment of the modern world.
Retos actuales del gobierno corporativo en torno a la creación de valor
Authors: BARBOSA RAMÍREZ DAVID , PIÑEROS RAFAEL , NOGUERA ÁNGELA
Published: November 2021

The creation of value has been a permanent challenge for the administration. Added to efficiency and effectiveness, is the need to create value for the stockholder. The conditions brought by globalization, the predominance of financial capitalism and the ICT’s (Information and Communication Technologies), generate new challenges for governments, business owners and the academy. Administration has looked for answers to such challenges through a new management model, the Corporate Government (CG). This article reflects around the administration stages and the emergence of the CG, its constituent elements as well as the faced challenges. Conclusions are proposed and a need for follow-up to the performance of organizations that adopt the CG schemes is evidenced.
Building EFL Students‟ Reservoir through Multimodal Classroom: Teacher‟s Perspective
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia, Harti Laily Maulida Septiana
Published: November 2021

The ever-growing ideology of English as global language has brought significant effect to education. Moving from the want to learn the language, English literacy has become the need. Learning English thus becomes an urge, especially in English as Foreign Language (EFL) context. Teaching English needs to go over teaching the elements of the language itself, but more to encouraging learners to be able to negotiate meaning in their purposeful interaction. In EFL teaching and learning setting, various studies focusing on the pedagogy have been conducted. This study is, indeed, leading to the pedagogy of English, focusing on the resources that teachers can utilize to create a conducive environment for learning and building the students’ reservoir. In addition, the concept of space in educational setting has given a valuable contribution to carry out pedagogical approach multimodally. This paper examines the employment of multimodal classroom in an EFL university context in Indonesia to develop students’ reservoir of English. How multimodality and the use of technology provide affordances and possible constraints to the teaching and learning process is as well presented according to published researches on the same field of study.
Translation Study on Terms and Sentences with Particular Chinese Features Based on a Micro-self-built Corpus
Authors:   Television School, Communication University of China, Beijing, China, Liu Jingni
Published: November 2021

On the basis of two corpora of political and economic terms and sentences with particular Chinese features from China Daily (English version) and The New York Times, ranging from August 2019 to January 2020, a comparable analysis is made to find out the strategy of rendering those words in the news together with their lexical features. Statistics reveal an overall foreignization tendency, along with various factors imposing impacts on the process, which is examined from the perspective of both translation and linguistics.
From Literature to Image—Aesthetic Features of Space Megastructure Cities in American Sci-Fi Movies
Authors:   the Communication University of China, Chin, Li Zhi
Published: November 2021

The concept of Space megastructures is originated from science fiction novels. They symbolize the material landscape form of a comprehensive advancement of intelligent civilization after the continuous development of technology. Space megacity is actually an expansion process of human development in the future. It is not only a transformation of space colonization but also a mapping of self-help homeland. Therefore, it is a symbol of technological optimism and a future utopia in the context of technology. In contemporary times, sci-fi movies use digital technology to translate the giant imagination in literature into richer digital image landscapes. Space giant cities are one of the most typical digital images with spectacle view, which reflects the impact of American sci-fi movie scene design on the landscape and preference that human will be living in the future. The aesthetic preferences and design principles of the future picture, and the aesthetic value of science fiction as a medium of imagination are revealed. The aim of this article is to explore the digital design style of space megastructure with utopia sense in science fiction movies, and analyzes its aesthetic connotation.
Identifying Text Message through Different Types of Translation
Authors:   Achva Academic College of Education, Israel, Meyerovich Alla
Published: November 2021

Main idea, concept, message are practically terms denoting the same phenomenon. To give a definition to a text message is no less hard than to formulate the message. Still, stylistic text analysis presupposes detection of text elements that contribute to message formation and are marked from this point of view; the understanding of the message depends on many factors, including extra-linguistic variables: historical and cultural background as well as readers' personality characteristics such as the habit and ability to read, their educational and social status, age and gender. The more pronounced then is the necessity of adequate message formulation. The procedure of literary text translation into other verbal as well as in non-verbal languages helps clearly reveal the message. Several stages of the procedure were worked out in the study to train future teachers in reading and analyzing the text.
On Carr’s Eleven-Dimensional Dramaturgy
Authors:   the University of Science and Technology Beijing, CO 100083 China, Zou D. Z.
Published: November 2021

Contemporary Irish playwright Marina Carr integrates eleven-dimension theory into her post dramatic art creation, forming a unique eleven-dimensional dramaturgy. This unique eleven-dimensional dramaturgy runs through Carr's whole drama creation career, and has different focuses in different periods: in her early drama, Carr concentrated on the expression of the concept of “non-linear time”. In the mid-land drama, she focuses on the creation of “high dimensional space”, while in the later drama of death and fantasy, she focuses on the presentation of “multidimensional worlds”. Finally, with the connection of the eleven-dimensional dramaturgy, Carr created a “non-linear”, “high dimensional” and “multi-dimensional” dynamic post-dramatic theater, and conveyed the eleven-dimensional philosophy of life beyond time and space.
Discourse Analysis from the Perspective of Austin’s Speech Act Theory and Searle’s Taxonomy of Illocutionary Acts: A Case Study of Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper
Authors:   the Bergen University, Bergen, Norway, Farcasel-Jensen Andreea-Veridiana
Published: November 2021

A focus on discourse analysis, this study presents a particular interest in the power relationship artfully constructed by Charlotte P. Gilman in three dialogue instances in her most memorable short narrative, The Yellow Wallpaper. With the awareness of gender differences in mind in terms of how men and women use language, Gilman evinces the ways in which language could be a medium of silencing the other. Consequently, this paper carefully examines the protagonists’ discourses through J. L. Austin’s speech act theory and John Searle’s taxonomy of illocutionary acts. The corpus of the study consists of the utterances of the husband/doctor and of the wife/patient, and both the quantitative and qualitative research methods have been employed for the data analysis. The results have shown that the patriarchal discourse, originally dominated by representatives (opinions, facts) and directives (commands, orders, advices, and refusals), produces utterances meant to fabricate reality (erroneous diagnosis) and generate refusals, whereas the discourse of the other consists mainly of representatives- true statements and opinions -which contradict men’s reality in the journey to achieving self-assertion and selfexpression.
The study of prevalence of needle stick and sharp injuries among healthcare workes in tertiary care hospital, Navi Mumbai
Authors: Choudhury Debapriya Das , Sonawane Jyoti P , Chowdhary Abhay
Published: November 2021

Needlestick injuries (NSIs) as defined by accidentally puncture the skin by needles. The occupational exposures to NSIs are considered to be much higher in the developing world and multiple risk factors eg. improper use of protective equipment (like failure to use suitable-sized gloves), working in surgical or intensive care units, insufficient work experience, young age, needle recapping, unsuitable needle disposal, intravenous cannulation may contribute to NSIs.

To determine the occurrence/ prevalence of needle stick and sharp injuries (NSIs) among healthcare workers working in a tertiary care hospital and the factors responsible for NSIs.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital among HCws in the hospital over a period of one year Jan 2020-December 2020.

Nursing staffs are most frequently reported NSI. Among the groups, most common cause of NSIs was found to be recapping of needle followed by cleaning, HGT and procedure. The most common cause of NSI among housekeeping staffs found to be needle lying on the floor and accidental mixing of sharp biomedical waste with other waste. The HCWs from critical care unit eg. ICUs are the most commonly reported NSIs

HCWs are always at high risk of attaining NSIs. The nursing staffs followed are the most vulnerable group who gets the sharp/NSI and require extra attention. As a preventive measures regular training and education of nursing staffs and all other categories of health care workers to be ensured in healthcare settings.
Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis associated with COVID-19: An observational study
Authors: Jadhav Bhagyashri , Patwardhan Neeta
Published: November 2021

Respiratory Viral infections predispose patients to various coinfections and this may lead to enhanced disease severity and mortality. Despite the proven importance of co-infections, these are understudied during the large outbreaks of respiratory infections. Occurrence of invasive fungal respiratory superinfections in patients with COVID-19 has gained increasing attention recently. This study aims to assess Clinical & Microbiological profile of patients with invasive sinusitis in setting of COVID-19 disease at our institute Study Design: A retrospective observational study.

Study included patients diagnosed with acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFR) suffering from or having a history of coronavirus disease infection over the period of three months.(April 21 – June 21). The patients’ presentation details, imaging findings, co-morbidities, management details, and follow-up information were obtained, recorded and analysed.

A total of 32 patients with AIFR with a mean age of 54.46±13.13 years old were included. Most common associated disease was diabetes mellitus (62.5%). Mycological analysis revealed most common fungi isolated from these patients were Mucor species.(56.25%) followed by Aspergillus species(15.62%) while coinfection with both of these species was seen in 5 patients.(15.62%) Candida species was isolated from samples of 4 patients (12.5%). Radiological studies of nose and paranasal sinuses showed that ethmoid (62.5%) and maxillary (46.87%) sinuses being the most commonly affected sinuses followed by Frontal (31.25%) and sphenoid (21.87%) sinuses. Peri-orbital invasion was seen in 5 (15.62%) cases whereas intracranial involvement was seen in 1 patient.(3.12%) In 8 (25%) patients only medical line of treatment was sufficient whereas 20 (62.5%) patients required surgical debridement during the treatment. 4 patients were lost to follow up. Overall survival was 90.62% (29/32) at the conclusion of the study.

We are still learning the new and long-term complications of COVID- 19.The puzzle still remains unsolved about the cause and increased prevalence of invasive fungal infections in post-covid-19 population. High clinical suspicion and early and accurate diagnosis of AIFR in COVID-19 patients are essential for better prognosis.
Bacteriological Profile and antibiogram of isolates from tracheal secretions of patients in an intensive care unit
Authors: M.S.S Pradeep , Saritha Y , Bhavani Balla N. V. D. , Begum Mohammed Nazia , Rao K Vishnuvardhan
Published: November 2021

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is defined as an infection in patients admitted in hospital for more than 48hours, and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) can be defined as infection occurring in patients admitted in ICU after 48hrs endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. VAP has a mean of 7.3/1000 ventilator days for medical ICU patients and 13.2/1000 ventilator days for surgical ICU patients. The crude mortality rates for HAP are approximately 10% and are higher for VAP, ranging from 20% to 60%. The culture of endotracheal (ET) aspirates will help know the etiological agent and formulate the antibiotic policy for early treatment.

To isolate the bacterial pathogens of ET secretions from patients with VAP and know their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.

In the present study, out of 102 endotracheal secretions from cases of VAP, 88 samples (86.27%) were culture positive, and the remaining 14 samples (13.73%) were culture negative. Out of the 88 positive cultures, 62 samples (60.78%) showed growth of single isolates, and 26 samples (25.49%) showed multiple isolates. Out of the 114 isolates, 18 isolates (15.8%) were gram positive organisms, and 96 isolates (84.2%) were gram negative organisms. Of the gram positive isolates, the predominant organism was Methicillin resistant (MRSA) (55.56%), followed by Methicillin sensitive (MSSA) (22.22%) and (22.22%). Out of the gram negative isolates, the predominant organism was (36.46%), followed by Acinetobacter spp (25%), (23.96%), (12.5%), (1.04%), and Proteus mirabilis (1.04%). In the present study, Gram positives isolates showed the highest susceptibility to vancomycin and linezolid (100%), and gram negative isolates showed the highest susceptibility to polymyxin B (100%) and meropenem (47.92%).

The study gives insight into the bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates from endotracheal secretions of mechanically ventilated patients to prevent the mortality and morbidity of mechanical ventilation and VAP, helping in formulating an antibiotic policy for appropriate empirical therapy.
Skills for Life: Fostering Critical Thinking
Authors: Vincent-Lancrin Stéphan
Published: November 2021

AUTHORVincent-Lancrin, StéphanDATEOct 2021DOWNLOAD:English (63 downloads)DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003743Critical thinking has become key to the skill set that people should develop not only to have better prospects in the labor market, but also a better personal and civic life. This brief shows how policymakers and teachers can help students develop their critical thinking skills. First, this brief defines critical thinking skills. Then, the brief shows how the concept can be translated into teacher-friendly rubrics to support them to design or redesign better lessons but also to assess their students. Lastly, the brief highlights 10 concrete steps for policymakers, school principals, and teachers to better prepare students for the future with critical thinking skills and improve the quality of their education. While applied to the fostering and assessing of students critical thinking skills, those 10 steps can be generalized to the implementation of other forms of educational innovation, notably competency-based curricula.
Początki Instytutu Nafty i Gazu – historia dziewięćdziesięciu lat rozwoju
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Lubaś Jan
Published: November 2021

Artykuł przedstawia atmosferę i okoliczności, jakie towarzyszyły powstaniu i rozwojowi Instytutu Naftowego w Polsce. Projekt powołania Polskiego Instytutu Naftowego zgłoszono w 1927 roku na I Zjeździe Naftowym. Został on podjęty przez Izbę Pracodawców w Przemyśle Naftowym, gdy w 1931 roku w Krośnie założono Instytut Przemysłu Naftowego – chociaż jego działalność obejmowała tereny Zachodniego Zagłębia Naftowego. Pracę Instytutu przerwały lata wojny, w roku 1944 decyzją Państwowego Urzędu Naftowego powołano Instytut Naftowy, zlokalizowany w tym samym miejscu co przedwojenny Instytut Przemysłu Naftowego. Do czasów współczesnych historia Instytutu Nafty i Gazu nie nawiązywała do jednostki badawczej założonej w 1931 roku i rozpoczynano ją od przełomu lat 1944/1945, tzn. od listopadowej decyzji Państwowego Urzędu Naftowego. Autor w prezentowanym artykule przedstawia związki obu jednostek, ich podobną tematykę badawczą, pierwotnie ten sam zasięg i miejsce działania. Upoważnia to do sugestii, że pomimo przerwy w okresie wojennym jest to tożsama jednostka badawcza, a historia jej działalności powinna być liczona od roku 1931. W publikacji przywołano nazwiska i biografię trzech naftowców, którzy mieli szczególny udział w powstaniu i restytucji Instytutu, a mianowicie: Ludwika Stockera, przewodniczącego Izby Pracodawców w Przemyśle Naftowym i inicjatora powstania Instytutu; inż. Augusta Nieniewskiego, geologa i żołnierza, pierwszego kierownika nowo powstałego Instytutu; a także prof. Józefa Wojnara, założyciela powojennego Instytutu, a z perspektywy lat współczesnych – odnowiciela jego działalności. W dalszej części publikacji przedstawiono kolejne zmiany organizacyjne i strukturalne Instytutu, rozwój jego bazy zasobowej, infrastruktury badawczej i kadrowej. Kończący się „wiek nafty” stawia przed Instytutem przełomowe wyzwania z zakresu niskoemisyjnej i odnawialnej transformacji energetycznej.
Evaluation of Different Substrates for Spawn Preparation of Calocybe indica and its Impact on Yield and Biological Efficiency
Authors: Panda Dibakar , Biswas Mohan Kumar , Nath Bhola
Published: November 2021

Background: Popularities of mushrooms is because of attractive texture and delicious taste, among the cultivated mushrooms milky mushroom has ability to grow in higher temperature and is also considered to be alternative of non-veg foods for vegetarians. In India some part of the country holds good promise towards the cultivation of milky mushroom, for fast growth of mycelium or easy cultivation. This experiment is mainly focused on evaluation of yield and yield contributing characteristic of milky mushroom (Calocybe indica). Methods: The spawn production process was carried out at the Experiential Learning Unit, Mushroom Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Agriculture, Palli Sikha Bhavana, Visva Bharati in the year 2018-2019. Pure culture of milky mushroom procured from Tropical Mushroom Research Centre, OUAT, Bhubaneswar and was maintained on PDA medium. Different food grains for preparation of spawn viz., wheat grain, paddy grain, bajra grain and sorghum grain were used. Result: In the present work, we have observed that the four easily available food grains can efficiently be used as substrate for preparation of spawn. This study enables us to take decision about selection of food grains for quality spawn production.
Molecular Characterization and Pathology of Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Isolated from Broiler Chickens in District Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Ali M. , Khan M.U.R. , Aslam A. , Rehman H.U. , Anjum A. , Waheed S.F. , Usman S. , Masood S. , Ullah A. , Masood A.
Published: November 2021

Background: This study elucidated the molecular detection and pathological alterations in broiler chickens naturally infected with field circulating NDV strains along with their phylogenomic dynamics. Methods: Morbid tissue samples of diseased/dead chickens were collected from 100 poultry flocks presented to poultry disease diagnostic laboratories from September 2018 to August 2019. Samples were subjected to molecular detection of NDV along with phylogenetic analysis and subsequent gross and histopathological examination. Result: Based on RT-PCR results, the positivity of NDV was 04/100 (4%). Genetic analysis of the NDV Fusion (F) gene revealed 98.92% and 98.74% similarity with Iranian and Pakistani isolates, respectively. The evolutionary tree showed that present study isolates were placed in a clade belongs to genotype Vll sub-genotype i and l. Necropsy examinations revealed the petechial haemorrhages associated with multifocal necrosis in gastrointestinal and respiratory organs. Besides these pathological findings, amino acid sequence of F gene revealed that study isolates are having pathogenic potential similar to the velogenic strains of NDV. Based on all essential analyses, the present study concluded that the evolution and distribution of the Newcastle disease virus of various genotypes VIIi and VIIl in Pakistan are having significant pathogenic potential. Therefore, it emphasizes developing ND vaccine from indigenous strains for better protection of commercial poultry in Pakistan.
Studies on Correlation and Path Analysis in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Over Locations in Mid-hills of North-Western Himalayas
Authors: Thakur Garima , Paul Satish , Chandel Uttam , Thakur Ronika
Published: November 2021

Background: Seed yield is a very important trait for selection but shows low heritability and hence is difficult to improve. Since the productivity of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) in India as well as Himachal Pradesh is low in comparison to other major linseed growing countries and states, improvement in cultivars for grain yield is a must. Therefore, the present study was aimed for studying the character associations in linseed genotypes for seed yield over locations. Method: The experiment was conducted during rabi 2019-2020. The experimental material for the present investigation comprised of 52 linseed genotypes grown over three locations in Himachal Pradesh i.e. Linseed Experimental Farm, CSK HPKV, Palampur (1290 m amsl), Shivalik Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Kangra (700 m amsl) and Hill Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, Dhaulakuan (468 m amsl). Randomized block design with three replications was used. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients were worked out as per the procedure outlined by Burton and De Vane (1953) and Johnson et al. (1955). Direct and indirect effects of component traits on grain yield were worked out using correlation coefficient of various traits as suggested by Wright (1921) and elaborated by Dewey and Lu (1959). Result: Correlation studies indicated highly significant positive correlation for seed yield with 1000 seed weight (0.965**) followed by harvest index (0.801**), secondary branches (0.585**) and a significant correlation with biological yield (0.269**). Seed yield exhibited a non-significant positive correlation with seeds per capsule. However, a negative significant correlation was observed for seed yield with days to 50 per cent flowering and number of primary branches. The path coefficient analysis indicated that 1000 seed weight exhibited maximum positive direct effect with seed yield (0.741) while others had a low direct effect. The significant positive correlation of number of secondary branches and harvest index with seed yield was mainly due to indirect effect via 1000 seed weight indicating that 1000 seed weight is the most important trait for the improvement of grain yield in linseed as per the present study.
General endurance of first-year university students in the context of Covid-19 pandemics
Authors: Zanevskyy Ihor , Labartkava Kostiantyn , Sirenko Romana , Rybchych Ivan , Dulibskyy Andriy , Martyniv Oleh , Zakhidnyy Vasyl
Published: November 2021

The Covid-–19 pandemics caused significant damage to the system of physical education of students. The purpose of this  research was to create a practical model of general physical endurance of first-year university male students in the context of the pandemic of the corona virus. The testing was carried out during physical education classes, which took place according to the first academic year curriculum. The time of overcoming the 2000 meters course on the stadium treadmill was measured in September and in March of the academic year 2019-2020. During the research stage, the indicator of general endurance of students of all the three universities statistically significantly deteriorated. According to the results of ANOVA the absence of a statistically significant difference in the value of the indicator of general endurance between students of three universities both at the beginning and at the end of the research stage was revealed.

Keywords:  Covid–19; endurance; modeling; students; testing
O niektórych powiązaniach między ekspansywnością prawa karnego a państwową ingerencją w gospodarkę (perspektywa indywidualistyczna)
Authors: Lipiński Konrad
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the issue of common elements between expansion of criminal law regulations and state intervention in the economy. Taking the perspective of individualism, the author assumes that the paternalism behind these phenomena is diﬃcult to accept. In a liberal state, the law should not be used to impose certain moral attitudes on citizens.
Terroryzm z perspektywy nauczania trzech papieży — Jana Pawła II, Benedykta XVI i Franciszka
Authors: Brzezińska Joanna
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to indicate the position taken on the phenomenon of terrorism in the teaching of the Catholic Church by three popes: John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis. It has been found that, apart from the common, unambiguously negative assessment of the analysed phenomenon by the hierarchy of the Church, each of them sets out his own observations on its nature and causes. In the teaching of John Paul II, the predominant conviction is that terrorism is an ideology of violence which spreads on the basis of technological and economic development and brings chaos on both a political and personal level. Benedict XVI states that terrorism promotes a civilisation of destruction, which above all questions the dignity of the individual, seeking their annihilation. Pope Francis, on the other hand, focuses on stressing the need for intercultural and interreligious dialogue in order to reduce the growing tensions that are the source of terrorist acts. All the Fathers of the Church, however, draw attention to the fundamental problem of the instrumental treatment of human life by terrorist organisations, for which human beings become a mere means to achieve their various aims.