bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choledochal Cysts: In Brief with Dr. Alexander Bondoc
Authors: Levy Brittany E , Gerardo Rodrigo G , Bondoc Alexander J , Hanke Rachel E , Gibson Chandler , Encisco Ellen M , Ponsky Todd A
Published: November 2022

Choledochal cysts are a core pathology in pediatric surgery, affecting 1/100,000 live births in the western world, and 1/13,000 in eastern asia. These cysts are classified by the Todani classification, types I-V, in respect to their location and underlying pathophysiology. Infants and children presenting with stigmata of biliary disease should undergo evaluation for choledocal cyst. Workup includes axial imaging, ultrasonography, and laboratory investigation. A liver biopsy is necessary in neonates and newborns to rule out cystic biliary atresia, which would require further evaluation and management. Large choledochal cysts may be visualized on prenatal ultrasound, and warrant referral to a fetal care center for postnatal work up and monitoring. Management of choledochal cysts is dependent on the anatomic variant and spans from ERCP with sphincterotomy, to cyst excision with ductal and alimentary tract reconstruction. Type V choledochal cysts may require liver transplantation. Long term follow up is required due to an enhanced risk of future malignancy, even after resection.
Pedagogical Content Knowledge Practices of Public School Science Teachers
Authors: Cordova Williza , Linaugo Joji
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is used to determine the development of pedagogical and disciplinary science teachers; knowledge over time. Hence, investigating the extent of PCK practice is essential as it predicts how teachers carry out instructions. The study determined science teachers’ extent of PCK practice in public schools in a medium-sized division in Central Philippines in the areas of Subject Matter Knowledge (SMK), Instructional Representation Strategies (IRS), Instructional Objective and Context (IOC), and Knowledge of Students’ Understanding (KSU) using the descriptive-comparative research design. Using a researcher-modified questionnaire, the study was conducted to 208 respondents who were identified through stratified random sampling. The findings revealed that the extent of PCK practice is very great. A significant difference exists in the extent of PCK practice in terms of SMK and IOC when teachers are grouped according to age, grade level taught, and length of teaching service. Likewise, there is a significant difference in the extent of PCK practice in terms of KSU when respondents are grouped according to the grade level taught. This means that although female doctorate degree elementary teachers with longer teaching experience perform better, all science teachers, have a very great subject matter mastery, effective instructional delivery, context and objectives, and processing and evaluation of students’ knowledge.
Develop a New Lightweight Consensus Algorithm for IoT
Authors: Mahmood Mahmood S. , Dabagh Najla Badie AI
Published: November 2022

Blockchain has gained a lot of attention in non-financial applications like the Internet of Things (IoT). It is characterized by security, decentralization, anonymity, and auditability. Today's technology makes extensive use of the internet of things to gather data from sensors and carry out specific tasks by processing it according to the requirements. To produce secure and impermeable records of transactions, the collected data can be transferred through the blockchain network. The integration of blockchain with IoT has enormous promise due to its ability to offer decentralized computing, storage, and exchange for IoT data. Conventional blockchains generally have low throughput, long transaction delays, and rely on computationally expensive consensus algorithms. However, because of its limitations, IoT applications need a blockchain network that has a lightweight consensus algorithm to integrate with it successfully. In this paper, we implement and design a Lightweight Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (LPBFT) consensus algorithm that improves the conventional (PBFT) algorithm. Through the implementation of the proposed LPBFT, it has shown: a simpler message structure; doesn't need a primary server; low computation time; and consists of just two stages (request and reply). That makes it workable efficiently in IoT networks.
Legal arrangements on post divorce child custodial
Authors: Erwin Dwi Kurnia  , Fika Rifatus Fadiana  , Muhammad Abid Rusydi  , Sultoni Fikri  , Tomy Michael  , Irmasanthi Danadharta  , Muchamad Rizqi
Published: November 2022

One of the most important events in human life is marriage. Humans as social beings cannot live alone, therefore to fulfill their biological needs or want to obtain offspring, humans must legally marry according to the laws in force in Indonesia. Regarding marriage in the state of Indonesia as regulated in the applicable laws and regulations. Based on Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 article 2 it is said that "Marriage is legal if it is carried out according to the laws of each religion." Disputes over child custody is one of the consequences of the breakup of marriage or divorce between husband and wife. When the divorce leaves a child, according to Burgerlijk Wetboek, children who are not yet adults who are not under parental control must be submitted under guardianship. Based on the research that has been done in Bedalawak Village, in this study the author uses a normative juridical research method. Children are a mandate and gift from God Almighty which in the child is inherent in the dignity and worth as a whole human being. Children are buds, potentials, and the younger generation who will succeed the ideals of the nation's struggle, have a strategic role and have special characteristics and characteristics that ensure the continuity of the existence of the nation and state in the future. Families, parents, government, and society must participate in the care or protection of children. Marriage is a bond that binds two human beings because humans are actually created in pairs. Humans are social creatures, where humans were created by God who cannot live alone and always need the help of others. All families always crave a harmonious family and there is no word of divorce after marriage. One of the noble deeds and should not be damaged and divided by trivial things is marriage.
Applying Ethical Issues in Research Statistical Analysis and Their Relation to Human Actions
Authors: Mardiana Harisa
Published: November 2022

Researchers in calculating or measuring statistics use research tools or software, and researchers must apply research ethics. However, many researchers are negligent in research ethics, especially in using statistics. It is related to the relationship and the actions of the researchers themselves. Thus, if ethical norms in research are not applied, there is falsifying, fabrication, and misrepresenting data that does not support the truth. The researcher’s responsibility seems to be lost, and the honesty of the researcher disappears. The actions of researchers or humans like that happen a lot and make research useless. This article discusses the dishonesty of researchers, third-party interference, and conflicts of interest. So, it becomes a fatal error. Therefore, the ideal of scientific perfection, where researchers must think critically and scientifically, feel or act and have reliability in measurement, is unpredictable.
ANÁLISE DO MERCADO DE ENSINO A DISTÂNCIA NO BRASIL E OFERTA DE FERRAMENTAS DE ACESSIBILIDADE
Authors: Picinini Lengler Loreni , Gonçalves Ana Catarina , Silva de Souza Danilo
Published: November 2022

Este artigo científico tem como objetivo apresentar dados relativos ao mercado de Sistemas de Ensino a Distância (EAD) no Brasil e as principais ferramentas de tecnologia assistiva com foco em acessibilidades disponíveis, além de fazer uma revisão de cada recurso e trazer sugestões de aplicação dessas ferramentas nesse contexto, proporcionando a gestores administrativos e pedagógicos material básico de referência para implementação ou revisão de políticas de acessibilidade em suas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Este trabalho expositivo está organizado em duas etapas, iniciando pela apresentação e análise sucinta dos dados publicados pelo Censo EAD.BR de 2018, buscando elucidar o tamanho desse mercado, perspectivas a médio prazo e suas práticas com relação à acessibilidade. Em um segundo momento, será apresentado um compilado de informações acerca das principais ferramentas de tecnologia assistiva com foco em acessibilidade disponíveis atualmente e que podem ser implementadas no contexto de ensino e aprendizagem, especialmente em Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizado - AVA. O artigo finaliza trazendo conclusões gerais relativas às informações apresentadas e abre sugestão para trabalhos de viabilidade técnica, comparativos e qualitativos, além de econômicos a serem elaborados futuramente.
Akıllı Telefon Kullanıcılarının Mobil İnternet Reklamlarına Yönelik Tutumu
Authors: İLK Çağrı
Published: November 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, akıllı telefon kullanan bireylerin mobil internet reklamlarına yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya 163 Kadın 50 Erkek olmak üzere toplam 213 kişi katılmıştır. Çalışmada katılımcılara ilk bölümde cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim durumu, akıllı telefona sahip olma süresi, internet kullanım süresi ve reklam mecralarını içeren altı adet soru iletilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Özbey (2018) tarafından yapılan çalışmada yer alan mobil internet reklamcılığına yönelik ifadeleri içeren ölçek kullanılmıştır. 6 alt boyut ve toplam 23 sorudan oluşmaktadır. Ölçek alt boyutlarının normal dağılım gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek için “kolmogorov-smirnov testi” yapılmış ve normal dağılım gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Buna bağlı olarak ikili değişkenler için parametrik testlerden “bağımsız örneklem t-testi” ve ikiden fazla değişkenler için “one-way anova” analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre; cinsiyet, eğitim, telefona sahip olma süresi ve internet kullanma sürelerine yönelik alt boyutlar arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Ancak yaş ve mobil internet reklamları ile karşılaşmaya yerlerine göre alt boyutlar arasında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak akıllı telefon kullanıcılarının mobil internet reklamlarına yönelik tutumları sosyo demografik özelliklere göre değişkenlik göstermektedir.
Fe3+ Selective Pyrimidine Based Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Chemosensor
Authors: Patil Prashant , Shinde Swapnil , Sahoo Suban
Published: November 2022

By using UV-Visible and fluorescence measurements, a new chemosensor N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) thiophene-2-carboxamide (PTC) was introduced for the discriminating and responsive detection of Fe3+ in aqueous methanolic medium. Since the PTC-Fe3+ complexation occurred in 1:1 binding stoichiometry, the receptor PTC preferentially revealed a charge transfer band between 310 to 475 nm in the UV-Vis technique, with the absorption peak at 351 nm. Furthermore, the fluorescence technique, which dampened PTC's fluorescence emission band at 325 nm, showed similar selectivity. The Stern-Volmer graphic shows that fluorescence quenching occurs in a static manner. The series of examined metal ions (Na+, K+, Li+, Cs+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Sr2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Co2+, Hg2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Ag+ and Al3+) failed to perturb the UV-Vis and fluorescence of PTC. With PTC, the concentration of Fe3+ can be detected down to 2.03 and 1.24 µM by UV-Vis and fluorescence methods, respectively.
HIGHLIGHTS

An easy-to-synthesize pyrimidine-based receptor PTC was developed for the detection of Fe3+
PTC showed Fe3+selective turn-off fluorescence and a new charge transfer absorption band at 351 nm
LOD of PTC is 2.03 and 1.24 µM, respectively by UV-Vis and fluorescence methods
Fluorescence quenching is static in nature

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Health and hygiene strategies for tourism promotion: Guidelines for Africa
Authors: RASETHUNTSA Boitumelo
Published: November 2022

The tourism sector plays a significant role in Africa’s economic development. However, African countries are weak contenders in global tourism, hence, it is important to develop mechanisms to elevate the continent tourism performance. The World Economic Forum identifies health and hygiene as one of the 14 pillars necessary to enhance tourism competitiveness. Through the use of literature review approach, this study investigates the tourism related health and hygiene practices utilised by Mauritius and Egypt that contributed to their success story in tourism competitiveness. The findings highlight practices inclusive of; development of health and hygiene policies, regulations and guidelines, enforcement of policy implementations, government funding health related initiatives, and COVID-19 regulations as supportive structures of the two countries’ tourism competitiveness. This study further provides short- and medium-term recommendations that could be adopted to improve the health and hygiene environment to support tourism activities.
The effect of the spectral composition of light on some leaves biochemical and morphological parameters of Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. regenerants under in vitro conditions
Authors:   Main Botanical Garden named after N.V. Tsitsin of RAS, Voronkova Tatiana , Kondratieva Vera , Olehnovich Lyudmila , Ahmetova Liliya , Molkanova Olga
Published: November 2022

Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. is one of the most popular ornamental crops used in landscaping. The growing area of H. macrophylla is expanding due to climate warming. Light plays an important role in plant ontogenesis, determining photosynthetic pigments and photomorphogenesis. n the photomorphogenesis of plants, an important role is assigned to the light of the red and blue bands of the spectrum. In the photomorphogenesis of plants, the light of the red and blue bands of the spectrum plays the greatest role. In our studies, a combination of red (70%) and blue (30%) spectra was used in the treatment of explants of the Bodensee H. macrophylla in vitro conditions. At the end of the illumination, the plants were subjected to low-temperature stress for 24 hours at t +2 ° C. The following physiological indicators were noted: the number of stomata, leaf thickness, epidermis thickness. Also we determined morphological parameters: the content of phenolic carboxylic acids: chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic; abscisic acid and the amount of flavonoids. Morphological parameters were determined: the content of phenolic carboxylic acids: chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic; abscisic acid and the amount of flavonoids. Additional illumination with red and blue light showed the best results in the process of plant development and adaptation to the effects of low positive temperatures. Keywords: HYDRANGEA MACROPHYLLA, BLUE AND RED LIGHT SPECTRUM OF LIGHT, ADDITIONAL ILLUMINATION, PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS, ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL
The Belgian consensus on irritable bowel syndrome: the paediatric gastroenterologist view
Authors: Mahler T , Hoffman I , Smets F , Vandenplas Y
Published: November 2022

The Belgian consensus on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults published in this issue offered us, as Belgian paediatric gastroenterologists, an opportunity to underline the differences in approach between adults and children and adolescents with IBS. Prevalence of IBS in childhood is reported between 1.2 and 5.4 %. A more recent article communicates a worldwide pooled prevalence of 13.8% (1,2). Bias exists since not all studies differentiate between the different Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders (FAPDs) (IBS, functional dyspepsia, abdominal migraine and functional abdominal pain not otherwise specified) or apply the same ROME criteria (II, III, IV) (Table 1) (2).
Lumen reconstruction with magnetic compression anastomosis technique in a patient with complete esophageal stricture
Authors: Ödemiş B , Başpinar B , Durak M.B. , Coşkun O , Torun S
Published: November 2022

Background: Complete esophageal obstruction (CEO) is a rare condition of which treatment options are challenging. Surgery is the main treatment with high morbidity and mortality rates. Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is a novel technique developed to restore lumen patency in gastrointestinal and biliary tracts. However, MCA experience is limited in respect of esophageal strictures.

Case Report: We present a 26-year-old patient having CEO. Magnets are inserted endoscopically to both sides of the obstructed area via oral and retrograde (through the gastrostomy tract) route. On day 8, magnets stuck together and were removed endoscopically through the oral route. Subsequently, sessions of balloon dilatations and triamcinolone injection were performed. The patient’s complaint of aphagia resolved after the treatment process.

Conclusion: In conclusion, MCA is an alternative technique that can be used to restore lumen patency in esophageal strictures and also avoids complications of surgical interventions.
Effect of enhanced personal protective equipment on colonoscopy performance and pain linked to procedure during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kiyak M , Goksoy B
Published: November 2022

Background and study aim: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of standard personal protective equipment (SPPE) reduces transmission risks during endoscopic procedures. Our aim was to assess the effect of enhanced personal protective equipment (EPPE) on colonoscopy performance and pain linked to the procedure compared with SPPE.

Patients and methods: During two similar periods with three- month duration (in 2019 and in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic), electronic medical records and colonoscopy reports were investigated for sequential patients undergoing colonoscopy. SPPE was used in 2019 and EPPE in 2020. The patients’ clinical data and information related to the procedure were collected and analyzed. Primary outcomes were the duration to intubate the cecum, total procedure duration and patient pain score at the end of the procedure. Secondary outcomes were adenoma detection rate (ADR), polyp detection rate (PDR) and cecal intubation rate (CIR).

Results: A total of 426 patients with colonoscopy performed were analyzed. The demographic features and indications for colonoscopy were similar for patients in both groups. The EPPE group had higher values for the parameters assessed as primary endpoints of cecal intubation time, withdrawal time, total procedure time and pain at the end of the procedure compared to the SPPE group and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Our findings show that though the use of EPPE negatively affected colonoscopy performance and patient pain at the end of the procedure, it had no effect on the colonoscopy quality indices such as ADR, PDR and CIR.
Prevalence of double incontinence in patients with fecal incontinence undergoing anorectal manometry and discriminating factors
Authors: Surmont M , Kindt S
Published: November 2022

Background: Double incontinence (DI) is the concomitant presence of incontinence for urine and stool. Aim of this study is to assess prevalence of DI in patients with fecal incontinence (FI) undergoing Ano-Rectal Manometry (ARM) in a tertiary care center and to identify factors discriminating between both. Methods: Medical records of consecutive patients referred for ARM for FI during 2 years at University Hospital Brussels were retrospectively reviewed. Results from ARM, presence of diarrhea, diseases from recto-anal or peri-anal region, prior abdominal, proctological or urological surgery and neurological comorbidities were recorded. Results: Of 101 enrolled patients, 77% suffered from solitary FI and 23% from DI. Diarrhea was more common in DI vs. FI (43,5% vs. 15,4%, P=.008), as was the presence of neurological comorbidities (34.8% vs. 10.3%, P=.009) and urological interventions (21.7% vs. 1.3%, P=.002). In respect to women only, more urological interventions were performed (20% vs. 0%, P=.006) and more diseases from recto-anal or peri-anal region were encountered in DI vs. FI (35.0 % vs. 12.5 %, P= .045). In men, neurological disorders were significantly more common in DI (100.0% vs. 3.3%, P=.002). Conclusions: This study identified gender-specific patterns of comorbidities in FI and DI. ARM had no distinctive value between FI and DI in men and women. A prospective study should provide more information on patients at risk for incontinence and help to identify distinct features between FI and DI in men and women.
Non-invasive screening, staging and management of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients : what do we know so far ?
Authors: Binet Q , Loumaye A , Preumont V , Thissen J-P , Hermans M.P. , Lanthier N
Published: November 2022

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the evidence of steatosis in the setting of a metabolic risk condition such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Indeed, T2DM and liver steatosis share common pathophysiological mechanisms, and one can lead to the other. MAFLD can progress from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Because of the lack / disparity of guidelines for MAFLD screening, which is asymptomatic in its early stages, it is not rare that diabetic patients are belatedly diagnosed with NASH cirrhosis or HCC. We therefore recommend systematic non-invasive tests (NITs) that calculate an estimate of the risk based on readily available anthropometric and biological parameters. These include the fatty liver index (FLI) for steatosis detection and at least one of the following for fibrosis: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) or Hepamet fibrosis score (HFS). Indeed, NFS and FIB-4 are the best predictors of liver-related events, while FIB-4 and HFS correlate with overall mortality. Systematic literature review found only few retrospective or cross-sectional studies using NITs for systematic steatosis and fibrosis screening in T2DM patients, with a crucial need for prospective studies. This screening strategy will allow targeted patients to be referred for further liver investigation (e.g. ultrasound, elastometry) and care. Current treatment modalities of MAFLD in T2DM patients range from lifestyle and dietary interventions to specific glucose-lowering drugs that recently showed some benefits regarding MAFLD, such as pioglitazone, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors. Other treatments are currently under investigation.
Impact of enhanced instructions by short message service on the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy
Authors: Gao C , Chen H , Cao R , Gao F , Qi X
Published: November 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the world’s fourth most deadly cancer (1). The incidence of CRC is increasing in China (2). Colonoscopy is the primary screening tool for CRC precancerous lesions (3). Adequate bowel preparation is crucial for successful colonoscopy, and mainly associated with patients’ age, body mass index (BMI), and compliance (4). The aim of this study was to explore the impact of enhanced instructions by short message service (SMS) on the quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy. This retrospective observational study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and obtained the ethical approved of the Medical Ethical Committee of the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (No. Y (2021)091). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 475 patients who underwent colonoscopy by an endoscopist (XQ) at our department between January 2021 and July 2021. The exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) inpatients who underwent colonoscopy; 2) patients with a history of colorectal resection; 3) patients who did not complete colonoscopy due to severe intestinal obstruction or stenosis and unbearable pain; and 4) major clinical data were lacking.
BAZAR SOLIDÁRIO
Authors: Conceição Giomar Domingas Ramos da , Santo Wilza Aparecida Carvalho do Espírito
Published: November 2022

O presente projeto surge da intenção de despertar nos indivíduos atos de solidariedades e ao mesmo tempo envolve-los em questões que venham beneficiar a nossa creche. Sabe-se que do ponto de vista financeiro, no dia a dia de uma creche  surgem despesas que nem sempre estão previstas no orçamento, mas que deve ser solucionado o quanto antes, para não atrapalhar o andamento da mesma. Visando resolver estas necessidades, que montamos este projeto, cuja finalidade é suprir as emergências o mais rápido possível. Para este fim, precisamos da colaboração de todas as pessoas que querem contribuir ou ajudar, doando ou comprando objetos, tais como: roupas, calçados, acessórios, brinquedos, entre outros, tudo em bom estado de uso. Os objetos arrecadados serão vendidos a preços simbólicos, e o recurso angariado com este bazar será transformado em benfeitorias para a creche
REACTIVACIÓN TURISTICA POSCOVID 19 APLICANDO ESTRATEGIAS DE MARKETING DIGITAL, CASO QUERO - ECUADOR
Authors: Haro Salazar Mario Enrique , Casanova Arrata Katty Andrea , Espinoza Alcívar Diana Piedad
Published: November 2022

El siguiente trabajo a exponer tiene como objetivo generar la reactivación turística del cantón Quero ubicado en la Provincia de Tungurahua en Ecuador, mediante la presentación de un plan de marketing digital, siendo éste uno de los medios de promoción con mayor alcance internacional, cuya problemática destaca las secuelas ocasionadas por la pandemia que generó el COVID 19 a nivel nacional y local, donde gran parte de los negocios que desarrollaban actividades relacionadas al turismo o que de manera indirecta eran parte de esta industria, tuvieron que cerrar sus puertas de manera definitiva por la escases de turistas nacionales e internacionales. Se generó un levantamiento de información cuantitativa y cualitativa para una mejor visión del caso y toma de decisión. También se desarrolló la obtención de información primaria bajo el enfoque de investigación de encuesta con un análisis deductivo. Así, en el presente estudio, se ha recopilado información de cada uno de los cantones pertenecientes a la provincia del Tungurahua, dando mayor énfasis a los atractivos de Quero que servirán para el desarrollo del plan de marketing enfocándose en la estrategia de promoción a nivel digital y cumplir el objetivo planteado.
Medijski repertoarji v času navzkrižnih medijskih praks: študija med osnovnošolci in dijaki​
Authors: Oblak Črnič Tanja , Koren Ošljak Katja , Šušterič Nika
Published: November 2022

The article explores the relationships between young people’s media choices,
technological preferences, and everyday life in connection to their cultural and
social characteristics. As such, it describes the conceptual framework of the media repertoires approach and selected methods. Media repertoires are approached
from a generational perspective, pointing out the conceptual and empirical challenges of such research. As one of the first attempts to conceptualise media practices at the intersection of family, educational and peer contexts, the article aims
to describe the qualitative research design of an empirical study that considered a
sample of 67 students aged 12 to 19. The sample is presented through an analysis of its sociodemographic characteristics, while personal media networks help
identify the teenagers’ media preferences and their potential cross-connections.
Reactive uptake coefficients for multiphase reactions determined by a dynamic chamber system
Authors: Li Guo , Su Hang , Li Meng , Kuhn Uwe , Zheng Guangjie , Han Lei , Bao Fengxia , Pöschl Ulrich , Cheng Yafang
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Dynamic flow-through chambers are frequently used to measure gas exchange
rates between the atmosphere and biosphere on the Earth's surface such as
vegetation and soils. Here, we explore the performance of a dynamic chamber
system in determining the uptake coefficient γ of exemplary gases
(O3 and SO2) on bulk solid-phase samples. After characterization
of the dynamic chamber system, the derived γ is compared with that
determined from a coated-wall flow tube system. Our results show that the
dynamic chamber system and the flow tube method show a good agreement for
γin the range of 10−8 to 10−3. The dynamic chamber
technique can be used for liquid samples and real atmospheric aerosol
samples without complicated coating procedures, which complements the
existing techniques in atmospheric kinetic studies.
Further validation of the McClear estimates of the downwelling solar radiation at ground level in cloud-free conditions: The case of the Sub-Saharan Africa and Maldives Archipelago
Authors: Wandji Nyamsi William , Saint-Drenan Yves-Marie , Arola Antti , Wald Lucien
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Being itself part of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), the McClear service provides estimates of the downwelling shortwave irradiance and its direct and diffuse components received at ground level in cloud-free conditions, with inputs on ozone, water vapor and aerosol properties from CAMS. McClear estimates have been validated over several parts of the world by various authors. This article makes a step forward by comparing McClear estimates to measurements performed at 44 ground-based stations located in the Sub-Saharan Africa and Maldives Archipelago in the Indian Ocean. The global irradiances G and its direct component at normal incidence BN from McClear-v3 were compared to 1 min measurements made in cloud-free conditions at the stations. The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.96 for G whereas it is greater than 0.70 at all stations but five for BN. The mean of G is correctly estimated at stations located in arid climates (BSh, BWh, BSk, BWk) and temperate climates without dry season and hot or warm summer (Cfa, Cfb) or with dry and hot summer (Csa) with a relative bias in the range [−1.5, 1.5] %. It is underestimated in tropical climate of monsoon type (Am) and overestimated in tropical climate of savannah type (Aw) and temperate climates with dry winter and hot (Cwa) or warm (Cwb) summer. McClear tends to overestimate the means of BN. The standard deviation of errors for G ranges between 13 W m−2 (1.3 %) and 31 W m−2 (3.7 %) and that for BN ranges between 31 W m−2 (3.0 %) and 70 W m−2 (7.9 %). Both offer small variations in time and space. A review of previous works reveals no significant difference between their results and ours. This work establishes a general overview of the performances of the McClear service.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) synthesis by Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Fabisik Federico , Guieysse Benoit , Procter Jonathan , Plouviez Maxence
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Pure cultures of Microcystis aeruginosa synthesized nitrous oxide (N2O) when supplied with nitrite (NO2-) in darkness (198.9 nmol·g-DW-1·h-1 after 24 hours) and illumination (163.1 nmol∙g-DW-1∙h-1 after 24 hours) whereas N2O production was negligible in abiotic controls supplied with NO2- and in cultures deprived of exogenous nitrogen. N2O production was also positively correlated to the initial NO2- and M. aeruginosa concentrations, but low to negligible when nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) were supplied as the sole exogenous N source instead of NO2-. A protein database search revealed M. aeruginosa possesses protein homologues to eukaryotic microalgae enzymes known to catalyse the successive reduction of NO2- into nitric oxide (NO) and N2O. Our laboratory study is the first demonstration that M. aeruginosa possesses the ability to synthesize N2O. As M. aeruginosa is a bloom-forming cyanobacterium found globally, further research (including field monitoring) is now needed to establish the significance of N2O synthesis by M. aeruginosa under relevant conditions (especially in terms of N supply). Further work is also needed to confirm the biochemical pathway and potential function of this synthesis.
Episodic sediment supply to alluvial fans: implications for fan incision and morphometry
Authors: Leenman Anya S. , Eaton Brett C.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Sediment supply is widely believed to be a key control on alluvial fan morphology and channel dynamics. Although the sediment supply to natural fans is rather episodic, experimental studies of alluvial fans often use constant sediment supply rates, making it difficult to relate fan dynamics to the magnitude and frequency of sediment supply in the field. This paper presents a series of experiments designed to test the impact of episodic sediment supply on fan evolution and dynamics. We compare four experiments, each with the same mean sediment supply but different durations of high- and low-supply periods. The experiments show that fan morphology and channel dynamics respond systematically to the temporal elongation of sediment supply oscillations: longer supply cycles generate flatter fans with more trenched channels. These results highlight how different basin conditions might generate different fan morphologies: supply-limited basins with intermittent sediment supply might generate fans that are flatter than expected. Our results raise the question of whether a constant sediment supply in experimental models can adequately characterise the dynamics of natural fans in the field. We therefore suggest that experimental modellers should include variability when investigating fan responses to sediment supply.
Use of expert elicitation to assign weights to climate and hydrological models in climate impact studies
Authors: Sebok Eva , Henriksen Hans Jørgen , Pastén-Zapata Ernesto , Berg Peter , Thirel Guillaume , Lemoine Anthony , Lira-Loarca Andrea , Photiadou Christiana , Pimentel Rafael , Royer-Gaspard Paul , Kjellström Erik , Christensen Jens Hesselbjerg , Vidal Jean Philippe , Lucas-Picher Philippe , Donat Markus G. , Besio Giovanni , Polo María José , Stisen Simon , Caballero Yvan , Pechlivanidis Ilias G. , Troldborg Lars , Refsgaard Jens Christian
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Various methods are available for assessing uncertainties
in climate impact studies. Among such methods, model weighting by expert
elicitation is a practical way to provide a weighted ensemble of models for
specific real-world impacts. The aim is to decrease the influence of
improbable models in the results and easing the decision-making process. In
this study both climate and hydrological models are analysed, and the result
of a research experiment is presented using model weighting with the
participation of six climate model experts and six hydrological model experts.
For the experiment, seven climate models are a priori selected from a larger
EURO-CORDEX (Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment – European Domain) ensemble of climate models, and three different hydrological
models are chosen for each of the three European river basins. The model
weighting is based on qualitative evaluation by the experts for each of the
selected models based on a training material that describes the overall
model structure and literature about climate models and the performance of
hydrological models for the present period. The expert elicitation process
follows a three-stage approach, with two individual rounds of elicitation of
probabilities and a final group consensus, where the experts are separated
into two different community groups: a climate and a hydrological modeller
group. The dialogue reveals that under the conditions of the study, most
climate modellers prefer the equal weighting of ensemble members, whereas
hydrological-impact modellers in general are more open for assigning weights
to different models in a multi-model ensemble, based on model performance
and model structure. Climate experts are more open to exclude models, if
obviously flawed, than to put weights on selected models in a relatively
small ensemble. The study shows that expert elicitation can be an efficient
way to assign weights to different hydrological models and thereby reduce
the uncertainty in climate impact. However, for the climate model ensemble,
comprising seven models, the elicitation in the format of this study could
only re-establish a uniform weight between climate models.
GYMNASTICS FOR ALL: DIFFERENT CULTURES, DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Bento-Soares Daniela , Marconi Schiavon Laurita
Published: November 2022

Gymnastics for All (GfA) is a physical activity whose boundaries are not clearly defined from an institutional perspective. Thus, it is necessary to understand the conception adopted in GfA and its value for each social group. This study aims to discuss how different National Governing Bodies (NGB) of Gymnastics approach GfA. We asked 44 NGBs, represented by general administrative and/or GfA-specific members, about the definition of GfA adopted by the countries they represent. We used an online questionnaire hosted on Google Forms®, in four languages. The answers were analyzed through Content Analysis, whose categories were created based on a mixed model. Its strategy adopted an iterative construction of an explanation. Although similar principles of GfA can be found in different definitions, the results of the questionnaire showed that GfA means different things to each social group, so it is difficult to discuss one single understanding. Rather, it is more reasonable to think of GfA as a set of understandings. We understand that the value of GFA resides precisely in this wide variety of meanings and in the life-long practice of Gymnastics.
ANTHROPOMETRIC PROFILE OF GYMNASTS PARTICIPATING IN THE EUROPEAN GAMES 2015 IN BAKU, AZERBAIJAN
Authors: G. Silva Maria-Raquel , Silva Hugo-Henrique , Luemba Teresa
Published: November 2022

Sports performance is strongly influenced by the athletes’ anthropometric profile. In the specific case of Gymnastics, body weight assumes particular relevance, given the aesthetic character of this sport. Anthropometric data were collected from 309 gymnasts (20.9 ± 4.1 years old) participating in the 2015 European Games: age, body weight and height, from a database of the organization of this competition available online in the 5 disciplines of the Gymnastics included in the competition, namely Men´s and Women´s Artistic Gymnastics, Rhythmic Gymnastics, Acrobatic Gymnastics and Aerobic. Body mass index was calculated. Female gymnasts were significantly younger and lighter than male gymnasts and had a lower body mass index than males (P = 0.000). Female athletes were in the 25th percentile for weight and BMI and in the 15th percentile for height, according to their age. Male gymnasts were in the 25th percentile for weight, height and BMI. Female acrobatic gymnasts were younger and lighter (25th percentile) than other gymnastics disciplines; rhythmic gymnasts presented the lowest BMI (5th percentile). Male artistic gymnasts were the lightest (15th percentile) and with the lowest BMI (25th percentile) within the male participants. BMI was dependent on weight, height and gender, with exception for exclusive-gender disciplines and, surprisingly, also in Aerobics. Gymnasts presented an anthropometric profile with results for body weight, height and body mass index below the normal for their age.
Influence of alimentary deprivation on morphofunctional state of the rat's pancreas..
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine, Yanko R.V.
Published: November 2022

Literature data on the effect of alimentary deprivation (AD) on the morphological and functional changes in the pancreas, especially its exocrine part, are rare. The study of morphological changes in the exo- and endocrine pancreas of rats, after exposure to AD, was the aim of our research. Experimental rats received a diet that was reduced in weight by 30%. Access to water was free. The duration of the experiment was 28 days. Rats were decapitated under light ether anesthesia. For histological studies of the pancreas, samples were taken from its central part (body). Morphometric measurements of the gland were carried out using the computer program "Image J". It was revealed that in the exocrine pancreas of adult rats that were on AD, the area of acinus and nucleus of exocrinocytes increased, the number of nucleolus increased, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and the height of the epithelium of the acinus increased. The increase in the activity of the endocrine pancreas, after exposure to AD, indicated by an increase in its following parameters: area (by 108%), number of Langerhans islets (by 34%), their size and number of endocrinocytes (by 55%). Also in the gland of these animals a decreased in the width of the layers of interlobular and interacinus connective tissue by 28%, which improves conditions for the course of metabolic processes. Thus, the effect of AD is accompanied by the appearance of morphological signs of an increased in the activity of both the exocrine and endocrine (to a greater extent) pancreas in adult rats.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW AND ISLAMIC LAW ON TARGETING PLACES OF WORSHIP
Authors:   Department of Law, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan, Khan Ilyas , Bashir Sobia ,   Law College, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
Published: November 2022

This study focuses on comparative analysis of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and Islamic Law (IL) on targeting places of worship with special emphasis on response of IHL and Islamic Law, that humanity is killed in wars that are waged without regard for rules and ethics. It is a legal issue in the world. Finding of the study are to define and explain the concept of Law of War and Islamic Law. This paper examines the above issue to understand the IHL and Islamic Law on targeting the places of worship through qualitative and analytical approach. It is of notable significance to implement rules and regulations of IHL and Islamic Law to overwhelm this issue. Keywords: IHL, Islamic Law, Targeted Places, Worship, Warfare
THE REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN’S IDENTITY IN THE HOLY WOMAN AND SLUM CHILD
Authors:   Department of English Literature, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan, Rehman Nabila , Maqbool Tabassum ,   Department of English Literature, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan, Akhter Saira ,   Department of English, Government College Women University Faisalabad, Pakistan
Published: November 2022

This study investigates the aspect of pejorative condition of Pakistani women through the comparative study of two novels The Holy Woman (2001) by Qaisra Shahraz and Slum Child (2010) written by Bina Shah. Both the novels scrutinize communal and gendered subalternity of women and their struggle for selfhood in male chauvinist society of Pakistan. This research specifically explores the issues of women such as how they are dispossessed of identity, right of choice and social standing in the disguised form of honor. The plight of female characters in The Holy Woman and Slum Child is analyzed relatively through the basic concepts of radical feminist concepts of John Stuart Mill to reconnoiter the subservience of female sex in Pakistan. It evaluates different religious and cultural practices that assign women a distinct status in society. This research is highly significant in determining the ways to empower the Pakistani women and it also paves the ways for the future researchers to uncover the works of Pakistani female writers particularly of those who raise the voice for women in their writings. Keywords: Pejorative condition, subalternity, feminism, empowerment, and exploitation.
MONEY PRICE CAUSALITY AND THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL CRISIS
Authors:   Govt Associate Degree College Daultala, Rawalpindi, Mustifa Ghulam , Abbas Zaheer ,   GIFT Business School, Faculty of Business and Commerce, GIFT University, Gujranwala, Malik Waseem Shahid ,   State Bank Memorial Chair at Economics Department at University of Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
Published: November 2022

Quantity Theory of Money is subject to many critiques. One major critique is that it does not provide causal relation between money and prices. It generates a direct and proportional relationship between money and prices. If we causally link money and prices, then it could be argued that monetary growth is not always inflationary. To test this argument, we have selected quarterly data of the U.S economy over the period of 1991 to 2011. We have divided the time series into -periods i.e., normal times {1991 to 2005} and crisis period {2006 to 2011}. Over these sub-samples, the study applied different econometric techniques like Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Autoregressive Distributive Lag Model (ARDL) and Johansen co-integration as per the requirements. In the normal time period, money growth and CPI inflation were not related, but it was directly related to HPI inflation. However, it was inversely related to both inflations in crisis times. Quantity theory relates money with the general price level of the economy. The joint price index of consumer goods and asset prices is the better proxy of a general price index. Finally, monetary growth is directly related to joint inflation in normal times and inversely related to crisis periods. Hence monetary growth is not always inflationary; it could be deflationary under some specific circumstances. Key Words: Quantity Theory of Money, Inflation, Time Series Data, Co-integration, Price Index.
Application Of Theatre In Digital Space For Mental Health Care During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Alizadeh Farideh , Jiang Lulu
Published: November 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, psychological problems have increased due to social distancing under lockdown. Theatre in the digital space, as a healing approach for mental health, is playing a role in helping people adapt to a new environment and confront mental issues, such as isolation and oppression. The nature of theatre online provides a safe environment for individuals to play, act and express themselves. Online meeting platforms allow people to connect and interact through video and audio calls. Based on the theatre workshop online sessions through electronic devices, such as internet-connected smartphones and computers, the researcher, as the facilitator with theatre acting and directing background, carried out theatre training in the digital space in partnership with the Cultural Affairs Bureau. The workshop provided a safe space for theatre education, communication, self-development, challenge acceptance and coping with life in the pandemic. Being aware of the strengths and weaknesses of the theatre online, this study investigated it in the digital space as a viable tool for enhancing individuals’ capacity to accept the challenge and satisfy the need for mental health during the pandemic and post-pandemic period.
Effect of Colour Usage and Dialogue Reading Practices in Solving the Visual and Auditory Perception Problems of Students with Dyslexia
Authors: Başar Murat , Baran Muhammet Sait , Göncü Ahmet
Published: November 2022

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability in reading. It is the most prevalent learning disability. This study aims to reveal the effect of the use of colours, peer assessment and reading dialogues on the education of students with dyslexia. The study uses a technical collaborative action research method. Two male students diagnosed with dyslexia and studying in the second year of primary school were participants in the study. The study lasted for 12 weeks following the research plan. The students were required to read the chosen tales in Aesop’s Tales aloud. After reading the stories, the students also read selected dialogues in the elementary school course books determined by the Ministry of National Education. Two letters by which the students got confused were marked in two different colours in the first text. The colouring gradually reduced in the new text. There was no colouring in the last text. Results show that the use of colours was effective in reducing the confusion of letters. The students corrected their mistakes mutually through the peer assessment method. The students liked the reading activity and made fewer reading errors compared to other texts.