bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Od kontumca do bolnice
Authors: Salopek Bogavčić Iva
Published: September 2022

Dosadašnje spoznaje o sanitarnom kordonu na granici prema Osmanskom Carstvu, organiziranom putem karantena, čardaka i raštela od Primorja do Ugarske, pokušat će se ovim radom upotpuniti usmjeravanjem posebne pozornosti na trgovački prijelaz i utvrdu Gradiška na Savi. Uvidom u arhivsku građu, novine i neobjavljene planove kontumca te raštela koji su bili sagrađeni pored pogranične utvrde Gradiška tijekom 18. i 19. stoljeća pokušalo se razumjeti funkcioniranje kontumca sredinom 18. stoljeća, slijediti proces njegova napuštanja krajem 18. stoljeća, stvaranje raštela, kao i organiziranje prvih bolnica. Zdravstvena skrb krajem 18. stoljeća organizirana je u unutrašnjosti utvrde u vidu formiranja garnizonske bolnice oko 1780. u Staroj Gradiški. Na temeljima javnozdravstvene ostavštine rada kontumca, garnizonske bolnice te zalaganjem pukovnika Gradiške pukovnije Franje Horaka sagrađena je 1842. pukovnijska bolnica u Novoj Gradiški. Javnozdravstvenu vojnu infrastrukturu naslijedila je civilna vlast te je novogradiška bolnica krajem 19. stoljeća postala županijska bolnica.
Self-service kits to scale knowledge to autonomous teams - concept, application and limitations
Authors: Poth Alexander , Kottke Mario , Riel Andreas
Published: September 2022

In large organizations, it is not trivial to spread knowledge to all teams. Often, individual teams need to handle similar topics and re-invent the wheel. Another scenario is that a group of people with a common role (for example ?guild? in Spotify model) has to distill their practices to make them shareable. Trainings should have empower participants so to apply the learnings easily in their daily businesses. To realize this, the proposed Self-Service Kit (SSK) approach can be used in the context of a holistic methodology that fosters team autonomy while leveraging knowledge spread and sharing throughout a large organization. Such a methodology is presented and instantiated in an enterprise context in facing the mentioned challenges.
Systemic LSD1 Inhibition Prevents Aberrant Remodeling of Metabolism in Obesity
Authors: Ramms Bastian , Pollow Dennis P. , Zhu Han , Nora Chelsea , Harrington Austin R. , Omar Ibrahim , Gordts Philip L.S.M. , Wortham Matthew , Sander Maike
Published: September 2022

The transition from lean to obese states involves systemic metabolic remodeling that impacts insulin sensitivity, lipid partitioning, inflammation, and glycemic control. Here, we have taken a pharmacological approach to test the role of a nutrient-regulated chromatin modifier, lysine-specific demethylase (LSD1), in obesity-associated metabolic reprogramming. We show that systemic administration of an LSD1 inhibitor (GSK-LSD1) reduces food intake and body weight, ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and improves insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in mouse models of obesity. GSK-LSD1 has little effect on systemic metabolism of lean mice, suggesting that LSD1 has a context-dependent role in promoting maladaptive changes in obesity. In analysis of insulin target tissues we identified white adipose tissue as the major site of insulin sensitization by GSK-LSD1, where it reduces adipocyte inflammation and lipolysis. We demonstrate that GSK-LSD1 reverses NAFLD in a non-hepatocyte-autonomous manner, suggesting an indirect mechanism potentially via inhibition of adipocyte lipolysis and subsequent effects on lipid partitioning. Pair-feeding experiments further revealed that effects of GSK-LSD1 on hyperglycemia and NAFLD are not a consequence of reduced food intake and weight loss. These findings suggest that targeting LSD1 could be a strategy for treatment of obesity and its associated complications including type 2 diabetes and NAFLD.
Tuning Structural and Optical Properties of WO3 NPs Thin Films by the Fluency of Laser Pulses
Authors: Hwaidi Ali Jaafar , Mohammed Prof. Dr. Nadheer Jassim
Published: September 2022

In this paper, tungsten oxide thin films were successfully synthesized by the laser pulse deposition (PLD) method using a pulsed laser (ND-YAG) and wavelength (1064 nm) on a glass substrate at different laser fluencies. The effect of increasing laser fluency, on the optical and structural properties of WO3 nanoparticle thin films, was investigated by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). X-Ray measurements for all samples of WO3 NPs thin films have shown that by increasing the laser fluencies from 5.175 to 6.369 J/cm2, the intensity of the (2 01) diffraction peak increases due to the film continuing to grow with increased crystallization.
FORENSIC ACCOUNTING: THE USE OF BENFORD'S LAW TO EVALUATE INDICATIONS OF FRAUD
Authors: Renaldo Nicholas , Sudarno Sudarno , Hutahuruk Marice Boru , Suhardjo Suhardjo , Suyono Suyono , Putri Ienne Yoseria , Andi Andi
Published: September 2022

The sudden decline in profit at PII Corporation is an important issue that requires further discussion. This study aims to evince whether there are indications of fraud in the preparation of PII Corporation's profit and loss statements, which can be proven through Benford's Law. This study uses the Binomial Test, Sign Test, and Chi-Squared Test methods to test the alignment of data with Benford's Law. The sample in this study consists of PII Corporation's 2013-2019 profit and loss reports. The results have shown that 25 out of 28 tests expressed no indication of fraud, while 3 tests have indicated fraud, detected in the fourth digit of the company's expenses, in the first 2 digits of its expenses, and in the last 2 digits of other incomes and costs. After further investigation, it was found that the significant decrease in profit occurred because the company had paid interest on bonds with quite large values in 2019, so the statistical test results were considered false-positive. The recommendation that can be given is that PII Corporation regulates the imposition of the bond coupon value in stages.
Introduction
Authors: Narang Vipin
Published: September 2022

This chapter highlights that the states' strategies of nuclear proliferation and conflict dynamics are the focus of the book. The proliferation literature primarily focused on why states continue to pursue nuclear weapons since it is alleged nuclear weapons prioritize speed of development and attainment. The domestic political consensus was more likely to amp an active nuclear weaponization strategy than security considerations. The chapter also lists nuclear proliferation strategies such as hedging, sprinting, sheltered pursuit, and hiding. It details that Proliferation Strategy Theory, a decision-theoretic framework, had been developed to identify a sequence of security and domestic variables to expound on why a state selects a particular nuclear proliferation strategy.
The Varieties of Hedgers
Authors: Narang Vipin
Published: September 2022

This chapter notes the varieties of hedgers. Hedging is a vital proliferation strategy wherein it purposely keeps a bomb option open without fully exercising it. Moreover, the varieties of hedging differ either in technical temptation, allied abandonment, or internal consensus for a bomb. Hedging strategies are usually adopted by states with low demand for nuclear weapons. Thus, interest in nuclear weapons is restricted to the fringes of the domestic political arena. Sweden, Switzerland, Brazil, and Argentina use hedging to shift their answers on nuclear weapons, while countries like India shifted to active proliferation. Then, Japan and Germany refuse to definitively reveal the option of nuclear weapons in the future.
Incomplete Markets
Authors: Aguiar Mark , Amador Manuel
Published: September 2022

This chapter focuses on incomplete markets and limited commitment's roles when default varies a deadweight loss. It starts with the assumption that the government can only trade a non-contingent bond. A lack of state contingency generates default in equilibrium, while default affects debt dynamics and consumption smoothing. Defaults are regarded as optimal for the government if it chooses to renege on its debt. Competitive equilibrium with a defaultable non-contingent bond decentralizes the constrained efficient allocation. The chapter also explores the process of allocations consistent with incomplete markets. The government primarily mitigates default risks since short-term bonds are priced in relation to equilibrium.
Surveying the 1920s Research Landscape
Authors: Parshall Karen Hunger
Published: September 2022

This chapter details the production of original research. It argues that Americans worked in many areas of contemporaneous mathematics (algebraic and point-set topology, algebraic and differential geometry, algebra, and analysis) but some areas—among them, number theory, mathematical logic, and applied mathematics—engaged them less. The chapter concentrates on who was doing the sort of mathematics that gave not only a flavor of American mathematical research in the 1920s but also a sense of the research community's geographical distribution. It begins by following the journey of Edward Van Vleck, a member of the “first generation” of research mathematicians in the United States. Van Vleck, like many other American mathematical aspirants born in the 1860s, had recognized that the kind of training he sought was largely unavailable in the United States in the early 1890s. The chapter then tracks the beginnings of higher education in the United States, arguing that mathematics had been a key, required component of the undergraduate, liberal arts curriculum. It also elaborates on analysis situs, or what would today be called topology, and the two types of geometry in the 1920s—differential and algebraic.
Sustaining the Momentum?
Authors: Parshall Karen Hunger
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the American mathematical research community in the aftermath of the stock market crash. It looks at the extent to which the American mathematical research community was able to sustain the momentum it had built up over the course of the twenties. The publication was affected as the American Mathematical Society (AMS) and the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) both had to cut costs, but the AMS, in particular, launched another fund drive, this time targeting academic institutions for support for its journal enterprise. The chapter also investigates how a number of programs in the Northeast, the Midwest, the West, and the South maintained or even strengthened their programs in mathematics at this time of financial hardship. It then considers the newly founded journals as well as a new type of institution, the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, created ex nihilo from philanthropic dollars.
Coda
Authors: Parshall Karen Hunger
Published: September 2022

This chapter outlines the initial contours of a postwar era in which the American mathematical community, through its engagement in the politics both of finally hosting the first postwar International Congress of Mathematicians and of setting up a new International Mathematical Union, began playing an active leadership role in mathematics internationally. Mathematicians in the postwar United States not only returned full time to their various prewar occupations but also found themselves in changed political environments both at home and abroad. Domestically, as the chapter highlights, the war had resulted in the creation of new bureaucratic models for science in general and for mathematics in particular. Abroad, the war had left much of Europe ravaged and many of its institutions crippled. The chapter also investigates how the United States began to demobilize its large armed forces after the war. Finally, the chapter considers how atomic research and its effects on free scientific inquiry impacted mathematicians. It then reviews the new geopolitics of mathematics.
Remittances Demobilize Supporters
Authors: Escribà-Folch Abel , Meseguer Covadonga , Wright Joseph
Published: September 2022

This chapter explains how remittances could demobilize supporters and shape electoral authoritarianism. It includes how remittances reduce some recipients' propensity to participate in elections as autocratic governments became increasingly reliant on mobilizing electoral support to survive in power. Moreover, remittances influence individual-level voter turnout. Most dictatorships developed strategies like clientelism which are targeted at poor voters to minimize their loss in the election. Remittance-driven decline in support for incumbent parties opens opportunities out of electoral parties' dominance. On the other hand, financial remittances can weaken ruling regimes by reducing the citizens' dependence on clientelistic offers from electoral parties and strengthening their economic autonomy.
The genetics of domestication
Authors: Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R.
Published: September 2022

This chapter recounts the growth of genetics and later genomics that led to major advances, including those related to systematic animal breeding led by knowledge of population genetics. It looks at some of the most fundamental studies on the genetic basis of phenotypic divergence that are being conducted on a variety of domesticated species, taking advantage of their high phenotypic variation. Studies on the relationship between genotype and developmental phenotype and physiology are far from simple, as it is expected that complex interactions and hierarchies of genes are at play. The chapter analyzes several constructive developmental processes that lead rather than follow morphological transformation associated with genetic change. It concentrates on other fundamental aspects of genetics, reviewing a vast literature on the subject and citing selected examples.
Conclusions
Authors: Powers Kathleen E.
Published: September 2022

This chapter expounds on nationalism carrying distinct implications for attitudes toward conflict and cooperation in international politics. It highlights how identity plays a crucial role in European support and public support for security integration. Classifying nationalism in international politics benefits from psychological foundations. Some nationalist commitments encourage hawkishness, but other commitments do not. Additionally, supranationalism is believed to either promote or undermine international cooperation. Even though unity and equality create trade-offs in regional cooperation, equality seemed to produce the possibility of supranational conformity fostering cooperation. Unity, on the other hand, encourages nationalists to support wars of aggression or escalate a crisis.
“Outmanned and Outgunned”
Authors: Bolton Alexander , Thrower Sharece
Published: September 2022

This chapter covers the historical development of congressional capacity. Congressional capacity is driven by institutional developments induced by Congress's desire to confront and deter presidents with divergent goals. The growth of the federal government posed a significant issue to Congress's power due to the expanded governmental responsibilities. Additionally, Congress fronted disadvantages in information which resulted in often reliance on agencies when formulating policies. Information, after all, is a vital feature of resource capacity. Eventually, Congress evolved by creating new legislative support institutions to generate and interpret policy-relevant information. The chapter highlights Congress' duty of having opportunities to challenge the president and the executive branch.
Continuous Watchfulness? Legislative Capacity and Oversight
Authors: Bolton Alexander , Thrower Sharece
Published: September 2022

This chapter explicates the concept of oversight concerning legislative capacity. Oversight refers to the congressional review of federal department actions. Legislators can strategically engage in oversight to politically harm executive actors and take public stances on significant issues in front of their constituents. Moreover, divergent political preferences could also lead to more vigorous oversight. On the other hand, Congress's oversight as a political weapon could showcase how resource capacity influences their ability to attain political and policy goals. Legislative resource capacity moderates the effects of congressional—presidential conflict on oversight activity. Additionally, the structure of the American governance would ensure the diffusion of capacity throughout the separation of powers system.
Entering the Transnational World
Authors: Deutschmann Emanuel
Published: September 2022

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the main argument of the book, which focuses on the mobility and communication of human individuals across nation-state borders. To describe this subject as concisely as possible, the book draws on the notion of transnational human activity (THA) as an umbrella term for transnational human mobility (THM) and transnational human communication (THC). THM denotes activity in which national borders are crossed physically by the individuals involved, while THC refers to activity in which information is sent across national borders by the individuals involved. An important component of the book is the study of how the transnational world has evolved over time, looking at periods of up to five decades, from 1960 to 2010. The chapter then defines the terms region, regionalism, and integration, to clarify what is meant by them in the context of this book.
The Regionalized Structure of Transnational Human Activity, 1960–2010
Authors: Deutschmann Emanuel
Published: September 2022

This chapter begins by showing that transnational human mobility and communication do indeed cluster within world regions. It argues that past networks-based research on regionalization and globalization—which so far mainly comprises studies on trade and institutional ties between countries—has basically ignored that the decision to define these two processes as either inter- or independent affects the conclusions that are drawn. The chapter then offers a novel network-analytical approach that allows one to model regionalization and globalization as both inter- and independent and to compare respective outcomes. Empirically, this new perspective reveals that the regionalism of human cross-border mobility has, in absolute terms, become stronger over time, and that it has remained by and large stable relative to the strength of global integration. The transnational world thus consolidates as a regionalized world.
The Spatial Structure of Transnational Human Activity
Authors: Deutschmann Emanuel
Published: September 2022

This chapter examines the relation between transnational human activity and geographic distance. It begins by introducing antithetic theories from (a) natural- and complexity-scientific research on animal motion and local-scale human mobility (the “Lévy-flight” debate), and (b) social-scientific reasoning about the diminishing role of space in structuring human activity in the age of globalization (the “geography is dead” hypothesis). Empirically, the chapter then finds that a simple mathematical function—the power law—is excellent at predicting the spatial structure of almost all types of transnational human activity. This suggests that planet-scale human mobility and communication is not detached from spatial restraints, in contrast with the globalization debate's argument. Rather, it follows a heavily bent curve that has also been detected in the displacement patterns of a broad range of animals from sharks and sea turtles to spider monkeys and jackals, as well as in human mobility within cities. Moreover, this pattern remains remarkably stable over time, in spite of all technological and socioeconomic advances. Thus, these findings support the idea that, despite our intellect, we as humans move and communicate in space similar to other species on this planet.
PENGUJIAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK DAN PENGATUR PERTUMBUHAN SERANGGA (PPS) DIFLUBENZURON TERHADAP Nezara viridula L.
Authors: Cindowarni Olivia , Hasibuan Rosma , Hariri Agus Muhammad , Purnomo Purnomo
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh insektisida botani ekstrak daun sirsak dan insektisida IGR diflubenzuron terhadap mortalitas dan perkembangan kepik hijau (Nezara viridula). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2018 di Laboratorium Hama Tumbuhan dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung. Perlakuan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan yaitu perlakuan kontrol (P0), ekstrak daun sirsak konsentrasi 4% (P1), ekstrak daun sirsak konsentrasi 8% (P2), ekstrak daun sirsak konsentrasi 12% (P3), dan IGR diflubenzuron konsentrasi 0,1% (P4). Setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali yang digunakan sebagai kelompok. Setiap satuan percobaan menggunakan 10 ekor nimfa N. viridula instar II. Variabel yang diamati adalah mortalitas nimfa dan perkembangan N. viridula (umur instar, kecacatan nimfa, dan imago terbentuk). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ekstrak daun sirsak dan insektisida IGR diflubenzuron berpengaruh nyata terhadap mortalitas dan menghambat perkembangan N. viridula. Insektisida IGR berbahan aktif diflubenzuron lebih cepat menyebabkan kematian (100%) pada 10 HSA dibandingkan ekstrak daun sirsak yang menyebabkan kematian (87,67%) pada 21 HSA. Insektisida IGR diflubenzuron dan ekstrak daun sirsak memiliki pengaruh terhadap perkembangan serangga Nezara viridula yang menyebabkan terjadinya kecacatan pada nimfa dan imago serta menghambat terbentuknya imago. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi masing-masing insektisida efektif terhadap mortalitas dan perkembangan hama N. viridula.
TOKSISITAS TUNGGAL DAN CAMPURAN SERBUK DAUN PEPAYA DAN BIDURI TERHADAP KEONG MAS
Authors: Hendrival Hendrival , Safriyanur Ami , Hafifiah Hafifah , Munauwar Muhammad Muaz , Baidhawi Baidhawi
Published: September 2022

Keong mas atau Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck) (Gastropoda: Ampullariidae) merupakan hama utama pada tanaman padi di Indonesia. Penggunaan serbuk daun pepaya (Carica papaya) dan biduri (Calotropis gigantea) dan dapat dijadikan sebagai moluskisida nabati alternatif untuk mengendalikan hama keong mas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas tunggal dari serbuk daun pepaya dan biduri serta toksisitas campuran kedua serbuk tersebut pada dua macam perbandingan konsentrasi tehadap keong mas. Metode pengujian meliputi pengujian toksisitas secara tunggal dan campuran. Pengamatan mortalitas keong mas sejak 4–48 jam setelah aplikasi bahan moluskisida nabati. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aplikasi secara tunggal dan campuran dari serbuk daun pepaya dan serbuk daun biduri dapat menyebabkan kematian terhadap keong mas. Serbuk daun pepaya memiliki toksisitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan serbuk daun biduri pada keong mas. Aplikasi campuran serbuk daun pepaya dan biduri lebih beracun dibandingkan aplikasi secara tunggal. Aplikasi campuran serbuk daun pepaya dan serbuk daun biduri dengan nisbah konsentrasi 2:1 lebih beracun dibandingkan dengan nisbah konsentrasi 1:2 terhadap hama keong mas. Berdasarkan indeks kombinasi diketahui bahwa campuran serbuk daun pepaya dan serbuk daun biduri dengan nisbah konsentrasi 1:2 dan 2:1 bersifat aditif, sinergistik lemah dan sinergistik kuat. Serbuk daun pepaya dan biduri serta campurannya berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai moluskisida nabati untuk mengendalikan keong mas
RESPON KOMBINASI ABU SABUT KELAPA DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KUBIS BUNGA PADA TANAH PODSOLIK MERAH KUNING
Authors: Sari Dwi Suprapti , Palupi Tantri , Hadijah Siti
Published: September 2022

Budidaya kubis bunga pada tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning (PMK) dihadapkan pada masalah pH tanah dan unsur hara yang rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan dengan pemberian abu sabut kelapa dan pemupukan NPK. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dosis terbaik dari kombinasi pemberian abu sabut kelapa dan pupuk NPK dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil kubis bunga pada tanah PMK. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Fakultas Pertanian Untan Pontianak sejak Mei – Agustus 2021. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 9 kombinasi perlakuan, dan diulang 3 kali. Perlakuan yang dimaksud adalah: d1 = abu sabut kelapa 10 g + pupuk NPK 7,5 g, d2 = abu sabut kelapa 10 g + pupuk NPK 11 g, d3 = abu sabut kelapa 10 g + pupuk NPK 15 g, d4 = abu sabut kelapa 13,3 g + pupuk NPK 7,5 g, d5 = abu sabut kelapa 13,3 g + pupuk NPK 11 g, d6 = abu sabut kelapa 13,3 g + pupuk NPK 15 g, d7 = abu sabut kelapa 16,6 g + pupuk NPK 7,5 g, d8 = abu sabut kelapa 16,6 g + pupuk NPK 11 g, dan d9 = abu sabut kelapa 16,6 g + pupuk NPK 15 g. Variabel yang diamati meliputi: jumlah daun, berat kering bagian atas tanaman, volume akar, berat segar bunga, dan diameter bunga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kombinasi dosis abu sabut kelapa 10 g + pupuk NPK 11 g menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang baik, sedangkan abu sabut kelapa 10 g + pupuk NPK 7,5 g merupakan dosis yang efisien dalam menghasilkan kubis bunga.
PENGUJIAN AKURASI GEOMETRI DAN MORFOLOGI BENIH SEMANGKA (Citrullus vulgaris) MENGGUNAKAN CITRA DIGITAL
Authors: Saputra Nurdiansyah Hadi , Masnang Andi , Jannah Asmanur , Rosyad Astryani
Published: September 2022

Teknologi identifikasi varietas benih penting untuk menjamin benih yang digunakan petani memiliki mutu yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji akurasi geometri dan morfologi benih semangka (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad) serta menentukan parameter dasar yang tepat dalam identifikasi varietas dengan analisis diskriminan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Universitas Nusa Bangsa. Penelitian ini menggunakan software Minitab dalam melakukan analisis diskriminan dengan tahapan uji kolerasi, uji multikolinieritas, dan uji diskriminan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat delapan parameter geometri dan morfologi terpilih yang relatif kuat untuk membangun model analisis diskriminan. Analisis tersebut menghasilkan empat parameter terpilih sebagai acuan indentifikasi varietas benih semangka yakni area, feret angle,  aspect ratio (AR) dan round. Sedangkan parameter terbaik yang digunakan untuk melakukan uji akurasi dalam mengidentifikasi varietas benih adalah area dan AR. Uji akurasi tersebut menghasilkan persentase tingkat akurasi tertinggi mencapai 83,33% dan tingkat akurasi terendah yang mencapai 41,67%. Hasil uji akurasi tersebut menjelaskan bahwa tingkat akurasi penggunaan teknologi citra digital dalam mengidentifikasi varietas benih semangka sudah cukup baik.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BIOCHAR BATANG SINGKONG DAN PEMUPUKAN P TERHADAP SERAPAN HARA N DAN K PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Aswiguna Septian , Sarno Sarno , Afrianti Nur Afni , Supriatin Supriatin
Published: September 2022

Biochar merupakan arang hitam hasil proses pemanasan biomassa pada keadaan oksigen terbatas atau tanpa oksigen.  Penambahan biochar diketahui mampu meningkatkan ketersediaan hara tanah dan serapannya oleh tanaman.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian biochar batang singkong dan pemupukan P terhadap serapan hara N dan K pada tanaman jagung.  Batang singkong merupakan limbah pertanian yang banyak belum termanfaatkan dengan baik oleh petani di Lampung.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu Universitas Lampung dan di Laboratorium Ilmu Tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung.  Penelitian dirancang dengan rancangan faktorial (2 x 3) yaitu Rancangan Kelompok Teracak Lengkap (RKTL) dengan 3 ulangan.  Faktor pertama adalah biochar (B) (B0= 0 ton ha-1; B1= 2,5 ton ha-1; dan B2= 5 ton ha-1). Faktor kedua adalah pemupukan P (P0 = 0 kg P2O5 ha-1; P1= 36 kg P2O5 ha-1 dan P2 = 72 kg P2O5 ha-1).  Pembuatan biochar dilakukan di  Balai Penelitian Tanah Taman Bogo Lampung Timur menggunakan alat Adam Retort Kiln. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian biochar batang singkong dapat meningkatkan serapan hara N pada tanaman jagung, pemupukan P dapat meningkatkan serapan hara N dan K pada tanaman jagung, dan tidak terdapat interaksi pemberian biochar batang singkong dan pemupukan P terhadap peningkatkan serapan hara pada tanaman jagung.
INVENTARISASI PENYAKIT TANAMAN BUAH NAGA (Hylocereus polyrhizus) DI KABUPATEN WAY KANAN
Authors: Purba Jefry Fernando , Ginting Cipta , Akin Hasriadi Mat , Prasetyo Joko , Ivayani Ivayani
Published: September 2022

Salah satu permasalahan dalam budidaya tanaman buah naga ialah adanya serangan hama dan patogen tanaman, namun informasi mengenai penyakit penting tanaman buah naga di Lampung masih kurang. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui penyakit-penyakit yang terdapat pada tanaman buah naga di daerah penanaman penting di Kabupaten Way Kanan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung. Pengambilan sampel tanaman sakit dilakukan di Desa Bumiharjo, Kecamatan Buah Bahuga, Kabupaten Way Kanan, Provinsi Lampung. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah observasi, analisis dan deskriptif yaitu dengan melakukan wawancara kepada petani, pengamatan dan pengambilan sampel, pembuatan media PSA (potato sucrose agar) dan media YPA (Yeast Peptone Agar), isolasi dan pemurnian jamur, identifikasi patogen, serta uji patogenesitas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat beberapa penyakit pada pertanaman buah naga di Kabupaten Way Kanan, yaitu kudis (Pestalotiopsis sp.), layu fusarium (Fusarium sp.), antraknosa (Collectrotricum sp.), kanker batang (Neoscytalidium dimidiatum), karat merah (Cephaleuros sp.), busuk lunak (Xanthomonas), dan busuk pangkal sulur (Sclerotium rolfsii).
Issues of Inequality and the Political Economy in the 1990s Singapore: A Marxist Reading on Alfian bin Sa’at’s “Birthday”
Authors: Khadafi Bima Iqbal
Published: September 2022

This research closely reads a short story by Alfian bin Sa’at entitled “Birthday” in relation to the historical narrative and the political economy of 1990s Singapore using the perspective of Terry Eagleton’s Marxist literary criticism. The result of this study shows 1) that Alfian challenges a portion of the historical narrative of Singapore’s political economy in the 1990s at which ideology works to justify the power hierarchy, yet altogether highlights the other portion of it to shed some light on the oppressed; 2) that challenging and, at the same time, highlighting the historical narrative are Alfian’s strategy to endorse his political commitment while not being openly partisan; and 3) that Alfian carefully configures the literary form and content of his work – through his use of multilingualism and Singaporean English – to advocate his idea of the future of Singapore and – through his use of simple sentences that build a stream-of-consciousness plot – to underline the complex social realities whereby issues of inequality (gender, racial, and class) are correlated. This study implies that the use of Marxist literary criticism in reading a literary work from a formerly colonized country cannot neglect the traces of neo- and/or colonial experiences since colonialism itself, following Marx and postcolonial theorists, is a more acute form of capitalism. However, this paper finds that, different from the usual postcolonial reading, the Singaporeans (its capitalists and government) are as complicit as the Western neo-colonial enterprises for the inequalities and oppression happening in the region.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF AgGa2Te3I COMPOUND
Authors: Ivashchenko І.А. , Kozak V.S. , Gulay L.D. , Olekseyuk І.D.
Published: September 2022

A compound AgGa2Te3I belongs to the quaternary semiconductors of the general formula AІВІІІ2X3Y (AІ – Cu, Ag; ВІІІ – Ga, In; X – S, Se, Те; Y - Cl, Br, I). For the first time, its structure, which forms in tetragonal syngony, was studied by the powder method, Sp.Gr. I-4, structural type CuIn2Te3Cl, with cell parameters: a = 6,0041 (4) Å, c = 11,965 (1) Å. The compound was synthesized in evacuated quartz ampoules from simple substances and pre-synthesized AgI by step heating. Based on the melting temperatures of the components, the 1070 K maximum synthesis temperature was chosen, followed by homogenizing annealing at 770 K during 300 h and subsequent quenching in water at room temperature. As a result of the synthesis, a compact, gray alloy was obtained, which was resistant to air. The diffraction pattern of the powdered sample was taken on a DRON 4-13 diffractometer, CuKα radiation, irradiation at one point during 15 sec. WinCSD program was used to calculate the structure, which was refined by the Rietveld method. The obtained results on the structure of the compound were analyzed and its belonging to defective semiconductors was discussed.
ALLYLDIPHENYLGUANIDINE COMPLEX WITH ARYLTELLURIUM THRICHLORIDE
Authors: Povidaichyk M. , Kut M. , Onysko M. , Lendel V.
Published: September 2022

Functionalized acyclic and cyclic guanidines have a wide range of biological activity. In particular, they possess antitumor, antibacterial activities, are immunosuppressants, anesthetics, analgesics and analogues of natural alkaloids. The search of methods for the synthesis of new guanidine derivatives is an urgent problem.

The introduction of an unsaturated alkyl substituent to the guanidine backbone opens the way to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds of the azole or azine series using the method of electrophilic heterocyclization under the action of halogen-containing electrophilic agents. For this purpose, N-allyl-N ',N' '- diphenylguanidine was synthesized according to the described procedure. Allyl substituted guanidines are able to cyclize under the action of iodine. The use of a chalcogen halogen-containing electrophile may lead to the formation of a potentially biologically active acyclic or heterocyclic guanidine derivative. For this purpose, p-methoxyphenyltellurium trichloride was used as an electrophilic agent.

Reaction of equimolar amounts of N-allyl-N',N''-diphenylguanidine and p-methoxy-phenyltellurium trichloride was performed in chloroform with a minor amount of THF. It was found that with 12 hours of reagents stirring, adducts of the substrate-electrophile composition 1: 1 are formed. The structure of the complex is proposed on a basis of spectral data and elemental analysis data. The increasing of the reaction time and temperature does not lead to the formation of addition or cyclization products.
Research on Emotional Design for Children Food Packaging
Authors:   College of Creative Arts, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak Branch, Seri Iskandar Campus, Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, MALAYSIA, Wang Haiying , Ab. Gani Muhamad Abdul Aziz ,   College of Creative Arts, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak Branch, Seri Iskandar Campus, Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, MALAYSIA
Published: September 2022

Children's food packaging is the most diverse and colorful of packaging designs. The difficulty lies in reflecting the characteristics of children's food, but also making children associate with it through the packaging, so that the packaging design can bring them more fun. Children as a consumer group have their own uniqueness. Children's physiological and psychological development different from adults in terms of food concerns. Some designers do not pay enough attention to the cognitive psychology of children, resulting in many children's food packaging lacking fun and not fully reflecting emotional care. This study introduces the theory of emotional design into the children's food packaging design, combining the knowledge of five senses design and other related fields to establish the emotional relationship between children and children's food packaging. Through literature review and data survey analysis, scientific and objective design principles are established. A questionnaire survey was used to understand children's preferences for packaging. 300 primary school students aged 7-12 were studied, and the results showed that food packaging that meets children's emotional needs can stimulate their desire to buy.
Heat Transfer Simulation of Various Material for Polymerase Chain Reaction Thermal Cycler
Authors: Lischer Kenny , Whulanza Yudan , Digdaya Putra Ananda Bagus Richky , Sahlan Muhamad , Khayrani Apriliana Cahya , Ginting Mikael Januardi , Wijanarko Anondho , Pratami Diah Kartika
Published: September 2022

Medical diagnosis is the initial stage in identifying a person's condition, disease or injury from its signs and symptoms. The diagnostic method is carried out quantitatively by using a diagnostic kit which measures data such as blood pressure, heart rate frequency and blood cell concentration. These diagnostic kits are available in their respective capabilities and their activities require medical facilities and logistical readiness to function. Furthermore, Indonesia's geographical condition which consists of many islands and mountains causes uneven distribution of health facilities and laboratories in each region. Therefore, resulting in problems such as inadequate access and availability of these diagnostic kit in each region. Presently, one of the most widely used diagnostic methods is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) which allows the amplification of specific fragments from complex DNA. In PCR, only a small amount of DNA is needed to produce enough replication copies which were further analyzed by microscopic examination. This process begins with thermal cycling, which is the reactant's exposure to the heating cycle and repetitive repairs to produce reactions to different temperatures. This study aims to examine the material used for thermal cyclers which is an essential aspect of the heat transfer needed by the PCR process. In this study, heat transfer from several materials were simulated and analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3 Software. The following results were obtained from the simulation: the saturation time for heating aluminum, copper and nickel were 29,37 and 51 seconds, respectively. Meanwhile, the cooling time was 26, 35 and 55 seconds, respectively. In addition, the saturation time for heating and cooling silver and Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were 26 and 1480 seconds, respectively.
Comparative Investigation of Worm Positions for Worm Gear-box Performance under No-Load Condition
Authors: G Chothani Hardik , D Maniya Kalpesh
Published: September 2022

The Worm Gear drive is a gear arrangement where the worm shaft meshes with a worm wheel (gear). The worm shaft plays an important role in reduction ratio & efficiency. This worm shaft can be used at the top and the bottom in the gearbox. This technical research paper provides a comprehensive comparative evaluation of Input torque analysis & heating rate of lubricant inside the gearbox for two positions of the worm shaft in the worm gearbox under no-load condition. Worm shaft at the top and worm shaft at the bottom were assessed at variable speed (1000-1400 rpm), the different splashed volume of lubricant (1.5-2.7 liter), and variable temperature of lubricant (30-50 ºC). Input torque was measured with the help of a direct torque measurement technique. Similarly, the heating rate of the lubricant was also measured with a temperature sensor for both orientations of the worm shaft. Full factorial experiments were performed on a specially designed and fabricated worm gear test rig. The experiments showed that the input torque requirement for the worm at the bottom position is 20 -25% higher than the worm at the top position at an average speed. The heating rate remains almost the same for both orientations. This study aimed to find the suitable orientation of the worm shaft which reduces the power losses and increases efficiency.
Flexible Pavement Crack’s Severity Identification and Classification using Deep Convolution Neural Network
Authors: Ibrahim A. , Zukri N. A. Z. M. , Ismail B. N. , Osman M. K. , Yusof N. A. M. , Idris M. , Rabian A. H. , Bahri I.
Published: September 2022

Effective road maintenance program is vital to ensure traffic safety, serviceability, and prolong the life span of the road. Maintenance will be carried out on pavements when signs of degradation begin to appear and delays may also lead to increased maintenance costs in the future, when more severe changes may be required. In Malaysia, manual visual observation is practiced in the inspection of distressed pavements. Nonetheless, this method of inspection is ineffective as it is more laborious, time consuming and poses safety hazard. This study focuses in utilizing an Artificial Intelligence (AI) method to automatically classify pavement crack severity. Field data collection was conducted to allow meaningful verification of accuracy and reliability of the crack’s severity prediction based on AI. Several important phases are required in research methodology processes including data collection, image labelling, image resizing, image enhancement, deep convolution neural network (DCNN) training and performance evaluation. Throughout the analysis of image processing results, the image output was successfully classified using MATLAB software. The good agreement between field measurement data and DCNN prediction of crack’s severity proved the reliability of the system. In conclusion, the established method can classify the crack’s severity based on the JKR guideline of visual assessment.
Vulnerabilidad física en viviendas de la periferia en Manizales, Colombia
Authors: González Orozco Carolina , Flórez Yepes Gloria Yaneth
Published: September 2022

Se analizaron los contextos históricos, constructivos y socioeconómicos en el barrio Sierra Morena en Manizales (Caldas, Colombia), comunidad vulnerable frente a fenómenos naturales de deslizamientos de tierra, inundaciones y afectaciones. Metodológicamente, se hizo un análisis descriptivo, evaluando las condiciones de los elementos expuestos (viviendas y personas) frente a amenazas específicas de sus alrededores. Los resultados relacionados con la vulnerabilidad física de las viviendas se vinculan de forma similar con la caracterización de amenaza alta y muy alta por deslizamiento. Los tipos de construcción determinan la vulnerabilidad alta, susceptible a factores externos bien sean por deslizamientos, inundaciones u otros riesgos; y, a su vez, indican que los habitantes no tienen presente la situación de riesgo ni dimensionan las pérdidas humanas o socioeconómicas que se podrían generar.
Factores determinantes de la relación entre la localización de las empresas, la dinámica del transporte público tipo BRT y el desarrollo urbano
Authors: Cabrera-Moya Diego Rafael Roberto
Published: September 2022

La literatura asociada con la nueva geografía urbana y con la teoría de las economías de aglomeración intenta explorar y explicar la relación del desarrollo económico y urbano de las ciudades con sus habitantes y con las organizaciones como actores esenciales de esta interacción. En ese sentido, y como resultado del objetivo central, se presentan los hallazgos de la revisión bibliográfica actualizada sobre la problemática que surge de las dinámicas de interacción entre los sistemas de transporte BRT, el territorio y las decisiones de ubicación geográfica de las empresas. De esta manera se propone un aporte específico a la reflexión actual sobre la relación entre el transporte público masivo, el espacio urbano y el papel de los fundamentos de esta teoría. Esta revisión permitió analizar dicha relación desde sus dimensiones económicas, espaciales, sociales y urbanas, abordando las principales propuestas teóricas y empíricas disponibles en planteamientos recientes de la literatura. En la segunda sección del artículo se presenta una síntesis de los resultados de la revisión actualizada y exhaustiva de la bibliografía empírica, que parte de la obra de Lampón Caride (2011), para proponer un marco de análisis de los factores determinantes sobre la relación entre la localización de las empresas, la dinámica del transporte y el desarrollo urbano. En la sección final se presenta un análisis de la problemática y la interacción entre el transporte público BRT, el territorio y la economía urbana, analizados bajo la óptica del desarrollo orientado al transporte (DOT), ejemplificado en los sistemas de Curitiba en Brasil, Bogotá en Colombia, Ciudad de México y Santiago en Chile. Como aporte principal se propone la existencia de una relación entre el territorio y la localización de las empresas que, a su vez, se ve influenciada por la dinámica del transporte público, la movilidad, el desarrollo urbano, y por la evolución económica de las ciudades, detallada a partir de sus dimensiones económicas, espaciales, sociales y urbanas.
Philosophical and Legal Essence of Control in Terms of Ensuring National Security
Authors: KOLISNICHENKO Roman , TSUMARIEV Marat , MELNYK Nadiia , GORBAN Iryna , MARUSHKO Nadiia
Published: September 2022

The main purpose of the study is to determine the philosophical and legal essence of control in terms of ensuring national security. In modern conditions, the rethinking of the fundamental philosophical and legal approaches to the interaction between the state and the individual, the citizen, and public mechanisms is of particular importance. Outdated ideological stereotypes associated with the dominance of the state and its interests in such interaction still prevail in the public philosophy of legal consciousness, which does not contribute to the modern understanding of the legal forms of state acts as a way to ensure the priority of human rights in the sphere of public power. In this regard, great importance is attached to the substantiation of new philosophical approaches to the assessment and formation of state activity. The most important type of such activity has traditionally been controlling and oversight, especially in the context of national security. As a result of the study, the main aspects of the philosophical and legal essence of control in terms of ensuring national security were identified.
Comparative evaluation of methods for osteosynthesis of diaphyseal radial fractures by the method of mathematical modeling
Authors: Neverov V. A. , Chernyaev S. N. , Kirillova I. V. , Krylova E. Yu. , Shinkarenko D. V. , Groholskiy N. V. , Chernyaeva A. S.
Published: September 2022

RELEVANCE. The surgical treatment of patients with diaphyseal forearm fractures has a variety of methods and requires a precision technique. The need for postoperative immobilization after osteosynthesis of diaphyseal fractures remains a controversial issue, since osteosynthesis failure and the formation of a pseudoarthrosis are sometimes observed.

In addition, very little information about the role of the interosseous membrane in the rotational function of the forearm during osteosynthesis is available in the literature.

The OBJECTIVE was to determine the forces occurring during rotational movements of the forearm that lead to the above complications.

METHODS AND MATERIALS. The clinical part included the results of surgical treatment of 330 patients with diaphyseal fractures of the forearm; it consisted of the main group (170 - interlocking osteosynthesis) and the comparison group (138 - plate osteosynthesis). The third group consisted of 22 patients with complications of surgical treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the forearm. We performed a comparative assessment of plate and interlocking osteosynthesis of radial bone fractures by mathematical modelling to determine the forces occurring during forearm rotation that lead to nonunion, instability and plate fractures.

RESULTS. In the main group, healing was achieved in all (170 patients), in the comparison group, healing was achieved in 128 (92.8 %), consolidation was achieved in all 22 patients with fracture complications who underwent reconstruction. A comparative assessment revealed that during plate osteosynthesis, zones of high stress concentration were located around the plate opening above the area of fracture and the nearest to it holes from both sides. In interlocking osteosynthesis of the radius, the stresses are evenly distributed around the nail. Pronation-supination movements with an amplitude of (±90)°, according to the experimental results, should lead to the destruction of the cortical plate fairly soon after implantation, while the nail made of ultra-fine Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy will maintain its integrity.

CONCLUSION. Based on these findings, external immobilization is advisable to avoid complications such as osteosynthesis instability or plate fracture.