bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The sex ratio after IVF long-time vs. short-time insemination and ICSI vs. Re-ICSI fertilization
Authors: Jiang Yan , Geng Cai-Ping , Wang Xiao-dan , Pan Shu-hong , Wu Xiao-hua
Published: November 2023

Context: The live birth sex ratio in IVF/ICSI babies was influenced by the use of ICSI, or blastocyst transfer.
Aims: To investigate the live birth sex ratio after IVF long-time vs. short-time insemination and ICSI vs. Re-ICSI fertilization.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients undergoing IVF or ICSI with autologous oocytes from 2012.1 to 2023.8. A total of 5565 babies were born from 4393 women. The secondary sex ratio (SSR) was analyzed between IVF long-time vs. short-time insemination and ICSI vs. Re-ICSI fertilization.
Key Results: The SSR of IVF/ICSI babies in our center 52.69% (2932/5565). And comparing to long-time IVF, short-time insemination decrease the percentage of male babies in singleton in fresh ET and D6 blastocyst in FET. Comparing to ICSI, Re-ICSI decrease the percentage of male babies in D5 blastocyst ET.
Conclusions: SSR was associated with long-time vs. short-time IVF and ICSI vs. Re-ICSI fertilization methods.
Angiotensin II receptor blockers reduce the need to perform a prostate biopsy
Authors: Uemura Hiroji , Kawahara Takashi , Itoh Yusuke , Kobayashi Kazuki , Takizawa Akitoshi , Ohta Jun-ichi , Udagawa Kouichi , Maeda-Minami Ayako , Mano Yasunari , Mutoh Michihiro , Matsuyama Yutaka , Ishikawa Hideki
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND
The prevalence of prostate cancer (PCA) in elderly men increases with age. Various studies have reported the impact of antihypertensive drug exposure on PCA patients. We focused on the use of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in men undergoing a prostate biopsy using real clinical practice and large medical information data.
Methods
The JMDC Claims database (MC) [name JMDC data as MC] was used, which contains information on Japanese employment-based health insurance programs. We selected patients with a suspected PCA diagnosis in 2016 and examined them by age in the non-antihypertensive, non-ARB, and ARB groups. As practice data, we investigated 858 patients with suspected PCA who underwent a prostate biopsy (PB) [name prostate biopsy data as PB] in 2016 at 7 affiliated hospitals for urological sites. The number of biopsies by age was compared between the ARB, non-ARB, and non-antihypertensive groups.
Results
According to the JMDC data, the percentage of individuals using antihypertensive medications was 47.4% in the non-ARB (MC) group and 31.2% in the ARB (MC) group. In both groups, the proportion tended to increase with age. Based on data from the seven affiliated hospitals, the number of individuals receiving biopsies increased with age in both the non-ARB (PB) and ARB (PB) groups. The overall rates were 45.7% in the PB (PB) group and 24.4% in the PB (PB) group. The biopsy recipient risk ratio was 0.78 (0.69–0.88) in the ARB (PB) group. The ARB (PB) group had significantly lower rates of prostate biopsies than the non-ARB (PB) group. The cancer positivity rates in the non-ARB (PB) group and PB groups (PB) were 53.8% and 53.6%, respectively.
ConclusionS
Although the cancer-positive rates did not differ markedly between the non-ARB (PB) and ARB (PB) groups, we confirmed that ARB reduced the likelihood of a biopsy requirement compared to non-ARB.
3D Imaging as a Method of Measuring Serotiny
Authors: Mantgem Carolyn van
Published: November 2023

Background: Serotiny refers to delayed seed dissemination within plants. Serotiny, or pyriscence, plays an important role in species’ reaction to fire thus accurately understanding the variation of adaptations falling under the umbrella term of serotiny is crucial to predicting the ecosystems reaction to changing fire regimes. Due to the irregular shape of cones, surface area measurement is problematic. Past studies have relied on visual estimation to determine the openness of cones or to identify when cones become open. Subjective assessments of cone opening potentially could be subject to measurement errors. In this study I demonstrate the effectiveness of 3D modeling using a readily available phone camera to quantify differences in surface area of cones before and after heating treatments. I demonstrate this method by comparing two serotinous conifer species, Monterey cypress (Hesperocyparis macrocarpa) and Bishop pine (Pinus muricata).
Results: Bishop pine had an average surface area increase of 175.7% while Monterey cypress had an average surface area increase of 43.5%. Paired t-tests showed that surface area significantly increased following heating for both species.
Conclusions: Bishop pine showed a much greater surface area change relative to Monterey cypress. 3D imaging with Polycam proved to be a successful method of quantifying cone opening, creating a mesh that could be measured with Blender. Using a readily available phone camera, one can create an accurate 3D model to measure changes in surface area of cones before and after fire. Further experimentation using this method could include comparisons between serotinous species, facultative serotinous species, as well as non-serotinous species. Simple methods for quantifying serotiny, such as demonstrated here, allows for improved understanding and predictions of how species respond to fire and other environmental triggers. This method of quantifying the reactiveness of species’ cone opening to heat requires further investigation but holds promise in further defining the role in which fire plays in seed dispersal due to cone opening.
Research on Design and Cutting Performance of Revolving Lemniscate Milling Cutter
Authors: Fan Mengchao , Bi Chunxu , Liu Xianli , Ding Mingna , Song Huixu
Published: November 2023

An increasing number of cutting tools with different geometric shapes are needed owing to the increasing complexity of the workpiece surfaces in aerospace and automotive molding. A new kind of milling cutter is designed, which is named as revolving lemniscate milling cutter(RLMC for short). The parametric mathematical models of RLMC are proposed. Mathematical models of cutting edge curves are proposed to provide the theoretical basis for RLMC precision manufacturing. Equivalent helix angle, curvature radius of tool rotation surface, effective cutting linear velocity and scallop height are studied. Corresponding numerical simulation results are also provided as graphical representations. Three RLMC with different tool parameters are manufactured and contrast experiments are conducted to prove that using RLMC in end milling can achieve better machining quality. The parametric design and application research provides a new method and theoretical basis for other new types of milling cutters.
Screening and identification of key biomarkers in osteoarthritis: evidence from experiment and bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhang Dejian , yin haoran , qiao haoran , Luo Shengfei , Zhao Lixi , min hongwei
Published: November 2023

Objective we screened and identified key genes and pathways related to the synovial inflammatory response in KOA to better study the molecular mechanism of action.Methods Two main datasets from a professional comprehensive gene expression database were downloaded; namely, GSE55235 and GSE55457. GEO2R is a tool for analysis of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and we used this to identify DEGs, then performed RNAseq from samples of KOA and normal synovium (Experimental Group, EG). Based on these three datasets, a total of 49 DEGs were identified, consisting of 36 downregulated genes and 13 upregulated genes. GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis of data were performed with the help of Webgestalt and metascape. Cytoscape software was used to import the PPI network, and then the first five percent of genes were tagged as Hub genes.Results Three hub genes–FOSL2, NR4A1, and ATF3–were identified and may be involved in the pathogenesis of KOA.Conclusions This study analyzed DEGs and hub genes in inflamed KOA synovium, which may help us understand the pathogenesis of KOA and provide candidate targets for diagnosis and treatment of OA.
Protocol for A systematic review and meta-regression On Effectiveness of Problem-solving therapy for management of Geriatric Depression
Authors: Antony Annu , Rajan Varsha , Kumbha Gopi , Parida Swayam Pragyan , Behra Priyamadaba , Padhi Susanta K
Published: November 2023

Introduction
The fast-ageing world, with the increasing prevalence of Mental health disorders, requires strengthening primary health care equipped with innovative interventions. Problem solving therapy is cognitive behavioural therapy which can be administered in primary health care effectively by a trained primary health care professional without increasing mean consultation time. Thus, a comprehensive update on the literature focusing on various settings and types of healthcare professionals administering problem-solving therapy for geriatric depression will enhance the knowledge about a possible intervention for geriatric depression at resource-limited settings.
Methodology
This protocol follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A systematic search was done in four electronic databases MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. We will also search for grey literatures and missed out literatures in trial registers, cross references, LILACS, Open Grey, dissertations/thesis and reports. We will include randomised controlled trials, in which any problem solving intervention is compared with usual care or alternative treatment and reports depression as an outcome. Both title and abstract screening and full-text screening will be done by two reviewers. The Cochrane Collaboration revised tool of Risk of Bias will be applied to perform risk of bias assessment. The data will be extracted using a pilot tested extraction form. We will categorise the results separately for every setting. If a group of sufficiently comparable studies will be identified, we will perform a meta-analysis applying random effects model. We will investigate heterogeneity using a combination of visual inspection of the forest plot along with consideration of the χ2 test and the I2 statistic results. A meta-regression will be done to assess the heterogenicity due to different variables.
Ethics and Patient Participation
As this is a protocol for a systematic review and no participant recruitment will take place, no human participant will be involved in study design, data collection or outcome measure. The results of the review will be disseminated in an open-access journal to ensure access to all.
Effect on Tall Building at Distinct Wind Angle
Authors: Sharma Niraj , Roy Amrit Kumar
Published: November 2023

The aim or objective of the project is to determine interference among two adjacent tall buildings. Computational fluid dynamics was used after modelling the structures in stiff full-scale forms. Using the interference effects from another square plan tall buildings of the same height at 0° WIA, ANSYS CFX analyses pressure variations on sidewalls of a square plan tall building. It can be said that these buildings are closely located – from 0.4h to h, h being a height of a building. Using the square plan shaped building in its isolated condition as a point of comparison, the analysis also compares it to square shape buildings located in other places. Comparisons are illustrated using the interference factors (IF) and IF contours. At times there is recorded a deviant pressure distribution. Apart from that, it is noticed that the interfering buildings have a shielding and channelling influence over the square plan formed building. When there is interference on square plan-shaped building faces, the pressure distribution becomes unpredictable. We get the Cp for each face of the square plan-shaped building in each interfering situation by simply multiplying IF and Cp separately with the integral factor of two situations in an isolated case.
Defining Applicability Domain in Biodegradation Pathway Prediction
Authors: Dost Katharina , Tam Jason Y C , Lorsbach Tim , Schmidt Sebastian , Wicker Jörg
Published: November 2023

When developing a new chemical, investigating its long-term influences on the environment is crucial to prevent harm. Unfortunately, these experiments are time-consuming. In silico methods can learn from already obtained data to predict biotransformation pathways, and thereby help focus all development efforts on only the most promising chemicals. As all data-based models, these predictors will output pathway predictions for all input compounds in a suitable format, however, these predictions will be faulty unless the model has seen similar compounds during the training process.
A common approach to prevent this for other types of models is to define an Applicability Domain for the model that makes predictions only for in-domain compounds and rejects out-of-domain ones. Nonetheless, although exploration of the compound space is particularly interesting in the development of new chemicals, no applicability Domain method has been tailored to the specific data structure of pathway predictions yet.
In this paper, we are the first to define Applicability Domain specialized in biodegradation pathway prediction. Assessing a model’s reliability from different angles, we suggest a three-stage approach that checks for applicability, reliability, and decidability of the model for a queried compound and only allows it to output a prediction if all three stages are passed. Experiments confirm that our proposed technique reliably rejects unsuitable compounds and therefore improves the safety of the biotransformation pathway predictor.
A Satellite Network Service Function Chain Orchestration Method Based on Node Stability
Authors: Hu Hefei , Qi Panjie , Wu You , Zhang Ziyi
Published: November 2023

Satellite networks are on the brink of becoming pivotal components in future communication systems, thanks to their extensive coverage and multicast capabilities, especially in the context of the emergence of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Software-Defined Satellite Networks (SDSN), which enable the provisioning of services within orbit. However, the changes in satellite network topology inevitably result in a degradation of service quality and significantly improve the expenditure for ensuring the quality of service for users. It’s noteworthy that existing research predominantly focuses on deploying service function chains(SFCs) within satellite networks, with relatively less attention devoted to the intricate challenges associated with SFC readjustments caused by the movements of satellites. To address this pressing issue, we introduce the innovative definition of ”satellite node stability.” This definition effectively utilizes information on the adjacent time-slice network topology to evaluate the importance of nodes within the SFC orchestration process in satellite networks. Furthermore, we propose a methodology for assessing the quality of SFC orchestration schemes within satellite networks. Building upon this approach, we present a tailored SFC orchestration method designed to suit the unique characteristics of satellite networks. Simulation results indicate that this approach can enhance the overall revenue for service providers by approximately 9% without compromising the service deployment success rate. Even more noteworthy is its ability to reduce the total expenditure on service function chain readjustments resulting from satellite movements by around 20%.
Correction of over-dosed insulin in a type-2- diabetic led to a better control of glycemia and arterial hypertension: a case report
Authors: Abobarin-Adeagbo Abimbola , Kraya Torsten , Girndt Matthias , Pliquett Rainer Ullrich
Published: November 2023

Background:An association between hypoglycemia and arterial hypertension has been proposed. Here, for the first time, we report a case of a chronically over-dosed insulin therapy with uncontrolled hypertension, which improved after insulin-dose reduction.Case Presentation: A 73-year-old, male type-2 diabetic of Caucasian ethnicity was hospitalized for uncontrolled arterial hypertension and weakness. Prior to hospitalization, a fixed-dose insulin therapy (160 units per day) and antihypertensive medication with urapidile, valsartan and bisoprolol were prescribed. Hemoglobin A1c was 11.2%, symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes were not reported. During hospitalization, metformin, empagliflozin, and dulaglutide (1.5 mg per week) were added to insulin. Conventional insulin therapy was switched to an intensified insulin therapy with a cumulative daily dose of 46 units. 22 months after discharge, the medical therapy consisted of metformin, liraglutide, and insulin glargine (26 units per day), antihypertensive medication was reduced to bisoprolol and valsartan. Blood pressure was well controlled, hemoglobin A1c was 6.6%. As a likely explanation, undocumented, asymptomatic hypoglycemic events with a post-hypoglycemic hormonal stimulation were the cause for the poor glycemic and blood-pressure control. A step-wise reduction of insulin translated into a better glycemic and blood-pressure control.Conclusions: Undocumented, asymptomatic hypoglycemic events and post-hypoglycemic hormonal stimulation were the likely cause for the poor glycemic and blood-pressure control prior to index hospitalization. A step-wise reduction of insulin concurrently translated into a better glycemic and blood-pressure control.
Pembuatan Antarmuka Website Desa Jambuwuluk Menggunakan Metode User Centered Design
Authors: Sambo Denis Irwanto , Nugraha Kristian Adi , Delima Rosa
Published: November 2023

The information technology used in Jambuluwuk Village Office consists of computer devices that utilize a system provided by the village government to assist in the administrative services of Jambuluwuk Village. This system can be accessed easily by the community and village staff anytime and anywhere through the village's website at https://jambuluwuk.online/, using an internet connection. Despite the positive aspects of the website, there are some issues identified on the Jambuluwuk Village website. One of the problems is the inconsistent display in one of the menus, namely the Village Government menu, which discusses the organizational structure of the village administration. The organizational structure is important information for the residents, particularly the Jambuluwuk Village staff. Currently, the Village Government menu only displays the names of the village staff without utilizing charts or structures. This makes it difficult for the village staff to understand the organizational structure as there is no information explaining the hierarchy or levels of each division in Jambuluwuk Village.

During the design and implementation of the Jambuluwuk Village website, the researcher utilized the User-Centered Design (UCD) method. This was done because the researcher focused on user requirements, and the method was optimized to fulfill the needs and desires of end users. Subsequently, the researcher conducted testing using the System Usability Scale (SUS) method.

The website of Jambuluwuk Village has two actors: the admin and the users (village residents). The website is built using PHP, the Laravel framework, XAMPP, and the MySQL database.
Perancangan Modul Pendukung Keputusan Klinis Dalam Peresepan
Authors: Naibaho Yosep Parlindungan , Chrisantyo Lukas , Lukito Yuan
Published: November 2023

Pemberian resep secara manual dalam bidang kesehatan memiliki potensi terjadinya kesalahan yang dapat menimbulkan beberapa dampak yang tidak diinginkan khususnya bagi pasien. Seiring perkembangan teknologi, penggunaan sistem pendukung keputusan diperlukan untuk meminimalisir kesalahan saat pemberian resep. Pada penelitian ini, sebuah modul pendukung keputusan dibuat untuk membantu peresepan dengan memindahkan pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh pakar sebagai knowledge base dari sistem dan kemudian menggunakan metode rule based sebagai metode pengambilan keputusan oleh modul dengan menerapkan aturan-aturan yang sudah divalidasi oleh pakar berdasarkan knowledge base yang didapatkan. Untuk menguji akurasi dari output yang dihasilkan modul, dilakukan pengujian menggunakan test case design. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa seluruh skenario yang diuji memberikan hasil yang sesuai dengan ekspektasi sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan rule based expert system efektif dalam membangun modul pendukung keputusan kali ini. Tetapi, modul masih dapat dikembangkan dengan menambahkan data untuk membangun knowledge base atau mengintegrasikan modul dengan sistem yang ada pada klinik atau rumah sakit yang ada secara langsung.
Implementasi Jquery AJAX Untuk Fitur Pendataan Petani pada Website Dutatani
Authors: Mau Wilfridus Bau , Wibowo Argo , Delima Rosa
Published: November 2023

Dutatani merupakan sebuah sistem informasi terintegrasi di bidang pertanian yang dikembangkan oleh tim dari Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana. Dutatani memiliki beberapa subsistem, salah satu diantaranya adalah sistem pendataan petani. Sistem pendataan petani dikembangkan berbasis web. Sistem pendataan petani dikembangkan masih menggunakan versi web 1.0, dimana ketika melakukan request atau menerima response dari server dilakukan proses loading dan reload page untuk mendapatkan perubahan. Hal ini berdampak pada tambahan waktu untuk memproses untuk memuat halaman secara penuh. Teknologi AJAX merupakan bagian dari web generasi 2.0 dimana dapat melakukan perubahan halaman tanpa harus melakukan reload page. Fitur ini dapat mempercepat waktu reload sebuah halaman web. Untuk meningkatkan performance pada sistem pendataan petani dilakukan pengembangan web dengan penerapan AJAX. Tahap pengembangan sistem meliputi studi pustaka, perancangan, pengembangan, dan evaluasi dari prototipe sistem. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan performa sistem sebelum dan setelah menerapkan teknologi AJAX. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa teknologi AJAX dapat meningkatkan performa waktu request ke server sebesar 5,2%. Perbedaan performa yang signifikan terjadi pada besaran transfer data dimana AJAX dapat meningkatkan performa besaran bit transfer data sebesar 86%.
Comparative evaluation of daily streamflow prediction by ANN and SWAT models in two karst watersheds in central south Texas
Authors: Mei Xiaohan , Smith Patricia K. , Li Jing
Published: November 2023

This work compares the accuracy of streamflow estimated by a data-driven artificial neural network (ANN) and the physically based soil and water assessment tool (SWAT). The models were applied in two small watersheds, one highly urbanized and the other primarily covered with evergreen forest and shrubs, in the San Antonio region of central south Texas, where karst geologic features are prevalent. Both models predicted daily streamflow in the urbanized watershed very well, with the ANN and SWAT having the Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) values of 0.76 and 0.72 in the validation period, respectively. However, both models predicted streamflow poorly in the nonurban watershed. The NSE values of the ANNs significantly improved when a time series autoregressive model structure using historical streamflow data was implemented in the nonurban watershed. The SWAT model only achieved trivial performance improvement after using the SWAT-CUP SUFI-2 calibration procedure. This result suggests that an ANN model may be more suitable for short-term streamflow forecasting in watersheds heavily affected by karst features where the complex processes of rapid groundwater recharge and discharge strongly influence surface water flow.
Impact of heat-treatment on wastewater analytical parameters
Authors: Rosario Praveen , Seenivasan Thamayanthi , Viswash Ramya , Ramalingam Sudha , Barani Viswa , Welling Claire M. , Grego Sonia
Published: November 2023

Raw wastewater analysis is an important step in treatment assessment; however, it is associated with risks of personnel exposure to pathogens. Such risks are enhanced during virus outbreaks, such as the COVID pandemic, and heat-treatment is a commonly used mitigation measure. We examined whether heat-treatment compromises wastewater analytical parameters results. We found that heat-treatment of blackwater at 60 °C for 90 min in capped containers yielded no statistically different values (p > 0.05) for pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH3), total nitrogen (TN), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity for specimens from three different sources. This heat-treatment inactivated coliform bacteria (>4 log10 reduction) thus compromising the measurement of commonly used fecal contamination indicators. The observation of intact helminth eggs in heat-treated specimens suggests that the helminth egg enumeration assay is not compromised. These findings indicate that heat-treatment for the safe handling of wastewater, as may be needed in future virus outbreaks, does not affect the measurements of many common wastewater physico-chemical properties.
INTEGRAÇÃO TEORIA E PRÁTICA NA CONSTRUÇÃO CO CONHECIMENTO ACERCA DE CONCEITOS BALIZADORES EM SAÚDE MENTAL:
Authors: Carneiro de Oliveira Mendes Tamires , Alencar Silva Santos Fernando , Ribeiro Costa Menezes Wesley , Teresa Batista de Moura Dinara , Cristine Moraes Camelo Emanuelle , Hanne Câmara Ribeiro do Nascimento Thayse , Fernanda Brandao Batista Dos Santos Paula
Published: November 2023

Diante do emergente e complexo tema da Saúde Mental, este relato traz uma experiência de ensino-aprendizagem inovadora, envolvendo 75 graduandos, preceptores e tutores do Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde (PET Saúde) da UFRN. Visando a aprendizagem significativa e o engajamento dos participantes, adotou-se diferentes estratégias: espaço público em contato com a natureza; atividade física com música para o “despertar do corpo”; encenação teatral de uma situação de crise psiquiátrica para sensibilização e problematização; e rodas de conversa em pequenos e heterogêneos grupos, em um contexto de piquenique.  A construção do conhecimento de forma compartilhada, plural, horizontal, não hierarquizada e interdisciplinar possibilitou uma rica discussão permeada por vivências acadêmicas, pessoais e profissionais.
O PROGRAMA TRILHAS POTIGUARES E SUA EXECUÇÃO EXTENSIONISTA: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA NO MUNICÍPIO DE SERRA NEGRA DO NORTE/RN
Authors: Braga Albino Ivone , Medeiros Theodoro Flavia Cristine
Published: November 2023

Este relato tem como objetivo abordar dimensões teóricas e práticas do Projeto “Trilhas Potiguares- Edição 2022- Serra Negra do Norte", inserido no âmbito do Programa Trilhas Potiguares, da Pró-Reitoria de Extensão (PROEX) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Ele dialoga com os objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável e com as contribuições da literatura acadêmica. As vivências adquiridas nas diversas ações coletivas foram resultantes das trocas de saberes de um público-alvo diverso e visava ao crescimento socioeconômico e cultural da população e dos participantes da equipe do referido programa. As abordagens temáticas voltadas para educação, tecnologia, meio ambiente e direitos humanos, realçadas nos planos de trabalhos desenvolvidos, sinalizaram saúde, esperança e cidadania. Ademais, atestaram que é relevante a interação e a construção autocrítica entre a Universidade e os participantes envolvidos, atendendo às necessidades individuais e coletivas e estabelecendo uma sintonia entre o respeito, o saber acadêmico, a cultura e a tradição local.

 

Palavras-chave: Extensão. Trilhas Potiguares. Sustentabilidade
EFECTOS DE GUÍAS ÓPTICAS PLANAS EN PELÍCULAS SEMICONDUCTORAS DE SULFURO DE CADMIO
Authors: Valera Aníbal , Cachi Dane , Lomer Mauro
Published: November 2023

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Development and Validation of a Prognostic Classification Model Predicting Postoperative Adverse Outcomes in Older Surgical Patients Using a Machine Learning Algorithm: Retrospective Observational Network Study (Preprint)
Authors: Choi Jung-Yeon , Yoo Sooyoung , Song Wongeun , Kim Seok , Baek Hyunyoung , Lee Jun Suh , Yoon Yoo-Seok , Yoon Seonghae , Lee Hae-Young , Kim Kwang-il
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Older adults are at an increased risk of postoperative morbidity. Numerous risk stratification tools exist, but effort and manpower are required.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to develop a predictive model of postoperative adverse outcomes in older patients following general surgery with an open-source, patient-level prediction from the Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics for internal and external validation.

METHODS

We used the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership common data model and machine learning algorithms. The primary outcome was a composite of 90-day postoperative all-cause mortality and emergency department visits. Secondary outcomes were postoperative delirium, prolonged postoperative stay (≥75th percentile), and prolonged hospital stay (≥21 days). An 80% versus 20% split of the data from the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH) and Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) common data model was used for model training and testing versus external validation. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with a 95% CI.

RESULTS

Data from 27,197 (SNUBH) and 32,857 (SNUH) patients were analyzed. Compared to the random forest, Adaboost, and decision tree models, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression model showed good internal discriminative accuracy (internal AUC 0.723, 95% CI 0.701-0.744) and transportability (external AUC 0.703, 95% CI 0.692-0.714) for the primary outcome. The model also possessed good internal and external AUCs for postoperative delirium (internal AUC 0.754, 95% CI 0.713-0.794; external AUC 0.750, 95% CI 0.727-0.772), prolonged postoperative stay (internal AUC 0.813, 95% CI 0.800-0.825; external AUC 0.747, 95% CI 0.741-0.753), and prolonged hospital stay (internal AUC 0.770, 95% CI 0.749-0.792; external AUC 0.707, 95% CI 0.696-0.718). Compared with age or the Charlson comorbidity index, the model showed better prediction performance.

CONCLUSIONS

The derived model shall assist clinicians and patients in understanding the individualized risks and benefits of surgery.
A Mobile App That Addresses Interpretability Challenges in Machine Learning–Based Diabetes Predictions: Survey-Based User Study (Preprint)
Authors: Hendawi Rasha , Li Juan , Roy Souradip
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Machine learning approaches, including deep learning, have demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in the diagnosis and prediction of diabetes. However, these approaches often operate as opaque black boxes, leaving health care providers in the dark about the reasoning behind predictions. This opacity poses a barrier to the widespread adoption of machine learning in diabetes and health care, leading to confusion and eroding trust.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to address this critical issue by developing and evaluating an explainable artificial intelligence (AI) platform, XAI4Diabetes, designed to empower health care professionals with a clear understanding of AI-generated predictions and recommendations for diabetes care. XAI4Diabetes not only delivers diabetes risk predictions but also furnishes easily interpretable explanations for complex machine learning models and their outcomes.

METHODS

XAI4Diabetes features a versatile multimodule explanation framework that leverages machine learning, knowledge graphs, and ontologies. The platform comprises the following four essential modules: (1) knowledge base, (2) knowledge matching, (3) prediction, and (4) interpretation. By harnessing AI techniques, XAI4Diabetes forecasts diabetes risk and provides valuable insights into the prediction process and outcomes. A structured, survey-based user study assessed the app’s usability and influence on participants’ comprehension of machine learning predictions in real-world patient scenarios.

RESULTS

A prototype mobile app was meticulously developed and subjected to thorough usability studies and satisfaction surveys. The evaluation study findings underscore the substantial improvement in medical professionals’ comprehension of key aspects, including the (1) diabetes prediction process, (2) data sets used for model training, (3) data features used, and (4) relative significance of different features in prediction outcomes. Most participants reported heightened understanding of and trust in AI predictions following their use of XAI4Diabetes. The satisfaction survey results further revealed a high level of overall user satisfaction with the tool.

CONCLUSIONS

This study introduces XAI4Diabetes, a versatile multi-model explainable prediction platform tailored to diabetes care. By enabling transparent diabetes risk predictions and delivering interpretable insights, XAI4Diabetes empowers health care professionals to comprehend the AI-driven decision-making process, thereby fostering transparency and trust. These advancements hold the potential to mitigate biases and facilitate the broader integration of AI in diabetes care.
Capturing Usability Problems for People Living With Dementia by Applying the DEMIGNED Principles in Usability Evaluation Methods: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Engelsma Thomas , Heijmink Simone , Hendriksen Heleen M A , Visser Leonie N C , Lemstra Afina W , Jaspers Monique W M , Peute Linda W P
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Dementia-related impairments can cause complex barriers to access, use, and adopt digital health technologies (DHTs). These barriers can contribute to digital health inequities. Therefore, literature-based design principles called DEMIGNED have been developed to support the design and evaluation of DHTs for this rapidly increasing population.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to apply the DEMIGNED principles in usability evaluation methods to (1) capture usability problems on a mobile website providing information resources for people visiting a memory clinic, including those living with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia, and (2) investigate the realness of usability problems captured by the DEMIGNED principles in expert testing, specifically for mobile websites that act as a means of providing DHTs.

METHODS

First, a heuristic evaluation was conducted, with the DEMIGNED principles serving as domain-specific guidelines, with 3 double experts (experienced in both usability and dementia) and 2 usability engineering experts. Second, think-aloud sessions were conducted with patients visiting a memory clinic who were living with SCD, MCI, or dementia.

RESULTS

The heuristic evaluation resulted in 36 unique usability problems. A representative sample of 7 people visiting a memory clinic participated in a think-aloud session, including 4 (57%) with SCD, 1 (14%) with MCI, and 2 (29%) with dementia. The analysis of the think-aloud sessions revealed 181 encounters with usability problems. Of these encounters, 144 (79.6%) could be mapped to 18 usability problems identified in the heuristic evaluation. The remaining 37 (20.4%) encounters from the user testing revealed another 10 unique usability problems. Usability problems frequently described in the think-aloud sessions encompassed difficulties with using the search function, discrepancies between the user’s expectations and the content organization, the need for scrolling, information overload, and unclear system feedback.

CONCLUSIONS

By applying the DEMIGNED principles in expert testing, evaluators were able to capture 79.6% (144/181) of all usability problem encounters in the user testing of a mobile website for people visiting a memory clinic, including people living with dementia. Regarding unique usability problems, 50% (18/36) of the unique usability problems identified during the heuristic evaluation were captured by the user-testing sessions. Future research should look into the applicability of the DEMIGNED principles to other digital health functionalities to increase the accessibility of digital health and decrease digital health inequity for this complex and rapidly increasing population.
Evaluation of an adapted tele-behavioral activation to increase physical activity in persons with depression: a single-arm pilot study (Preprint)
Authors: Rethorst Chad D. , Trombello Joseph M. , Chen Patricia M. , Carmody Thomas J. , Goodman Lynnel C. , Lazalde Alejandra , Trivedi Madhukar H.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Physical activity has the potential to improve physical and mental health outcomes of persons with depression. However, feasible and acceptable strategies to integrate physical activity interventions in to real-world settings are needed.

OBJECTIVE

To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a manualized Behavioral Activation intervention aimed to increase physical activity in persons with depression.

METHODS

A single-arm pilot study was conducted. The intervention consisted of 8 tele-therapy sessions delivered over a 10-week period. Measures of feasibility included screening, enrollment, intervention adherence, outcome data availability, and intervention fidelity. Acceptability was assessed with a post-intervention survey and qualitatively through focus groups and interviews. Preliminary efficacy of the intervention was assessed by evaluating pre-to-post changes in physical activity and depressive symptoms.

RESULTS

All feasibility metrics exceeded predetermined feasibility goal metrics with the exception of Fitbit wear and screening rate, which was due to a greater than anticipated enrollment rate. Participants (n=15) reported perceived benefits from the intervention and convenience in attending tele-therapy sessions. Depressive symptoms, as measured by the PHQ-9 improved significantly (16.8 at enrollment to 10.1 post intervention, P=.003). Self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) increased from 22.0 minutes/week at baseline to 36.67 minutes/week post-intervention (P=.001). Physical activity as measured by the Fitbit did not significantly change (daily step 5543.29 during Week 1 to 6177.48 during Week 10, (P=.244); MVPA 21.23 minutes/week during Week 1 to 19.22 at Week 10 (P =.244).

CONCLUSIONS

Results of the pilot study suggest the intervention is feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants. Preliminary results suggest the intervention may be effective in improving depressive symptoms and increasing physical activity.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04990401

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101103
Security, Migration and Immigration Control Policies in the United States, 2018-2022.
Authors: Ramos Valencia Jimmy Emmanuel , Barrachina Lisón Carlos , Ramos Garcia Jose Maria
Published: November 2023

This article aims to analyze the results of the border security policy agendas of the federal governments of the United States and Mexico, as well as the consequences of migration management, in terms of integrating various aspects such as everyday coexistence in the northern and southern borders of Mexico reflected, among other things, by documented transit; as well as the historical sequence of migrant detentions at different borders in Mexico and in the southern United States. The 2022 US electoral process heightened a nationalist vision that fostered a policy of greater migration control, reflected in a higher number of undocumented migrant detentions.
Neoliberalismo autoritario, retórica antiinmigrante y remesas hacia México en el gobierno de Trump
Authors: Pintor Sandoval Renato , Bojórquez Luque Jesús
Published: November 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar bajo el concepto de neoliberalismo autoritario, la retórica y políticas antiinmigrantes de la administración estadounidense de Donald Trump (2017-2021) y sus efectos en las remesas de la comunidad mexicana. Dicho gobierno enalteció el nacionalismo norteamericano moderno, que se reflejó en operaciones antinmigrantes, especialmente, sobre la población mexicana. Se resalta que, a pesar del endurecimiento de las políticas, el actuar de la población mexicana en el proceso transnacional, ligado a los trabajos prioritarios, han inculcado el envió reciente de remesas, se reflejaron en patrones de crecimiento constante en el envío de remesas a México, incluso durante el periodo pandémico SARS COV 2019.
La Consistencia de la Retórica de Donald Trump en Twitter sobre la Inmigración. Trasando un Camino para Rechazar a los Migrantes en los EE. UU.
Authors: Chavez Manuel , Nieves Varea Blanca , Perez Gabaldon Marta , Graciano Luis
Published: November 2023

La proliferación de movimientos nacionalistas y nativistas en todo el mundo ha aprovechado el importante impacto de las redes sociales, especialmente en Twitter. En el caso de Estados Unidos, Donald Trump, primero como candidato y luego como presidente, mantuvo un uso activo de Twitter para difundir sus opiniones sobre la migración y los migrantes. Este artículo analiza los temas y las implicaciones políticas de sus tweets desde la victoria electoral de Trump hasta el final del segundo año de su presidencia. Las suposiciones de los autores son que la retórica de Trump explotó un sentimiento colectivo en contra de la migración y de aquellos que respaldaban opiniones para proteger a las comunidades de migrantes. Los hallazgos muestran que algunos temas fueron retuiteados masivamente, alimentando la percepción de que la mayoría de los estadounidenses estaban en contra de las comunidades de migrantes y de quienes las protegían. Realizamos un análisis de contenido de los tweets enviados por el Sr. Trump como presidente durante la primera mitad de su mandato. Utilizamos la cuenta personal de Twitter de Trump, @realDonaldTrump. Trump, como presidente, continuó utilizando su cuenta personal como instrumento de política y medios de comunicación políticos en lugar de utilizar la cuenta oficial que tradicionalmente todos los presidentes han utilizado, @POTUS. Dado que Trump se postuló en una plataforma nativista, examinamos sus tweets con fuertes sentimientos negativos hacia los migrantes y la inmigración en general
Resistencias frente al capitalismo de plataformas: paros internacionales de los repartidores en América Latina
Authors: Ortega Erreguerena Joel
Published: November 2023

Las aplicaciones digitales de reparto se han extendido en América Latina imponiendo un modelo laboral sin reconocimiento formal para sus trabajadores. Forman parte del capitalismo de plataformas en la que empresas como Uber, airbnb o Rappi utilizan los avances de la tecnología digital para un nuevo régimen de acumulación. En este artículo analizo las resistencias de organizaciones de repartidores en la región. En específico, la acción colectiva trasnacional que han desarrollado desde que sus condiciones se vieron agravadas en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en 2020. Describo la disputa que han dado por cambiar

los marcos de significado en torno a las plataformas, cuestionando su retórica empresarial y reivindicando los derechos laborales. También analizo los repertorios que han utilizado en sus protestas. El trabajo está basado en una investigación cualitativa con entrevistas semiestructuradas a activistas repartidores de varios países y una revisión hemerográfica.
Parallelsamfundets sociologi
Authors: Schultz Larsen Troels
Published: November 2023

Hvad er et parallelsamfund? Og giver det mening sociologisk set at anvende begrebet i en dansk sammenhæng? I tysk sociologi har man over de sidste to årtier beskæftiget sig begrebsligt og empirisk med parallelsamfund og deres mulige fremkomst. I denne forskning findes flere konkrete definitioner af begrebet. Fælles for disse er, at de understreger de kollektive og institutionelle aspekter af begrebet. For at der kan tales om parallelsamfund, må der for det første være tale om en relativt homogen gruppe med en identitet konstrueret mere eller mindre i opposition til majoritetssamfundet. For det andet må der vare tale om opbygning af en relativt udbredt institutionel parallelitet socialt, økonomisk, kulturelt etc., men ikke nødvendigvis bosætningsmæssigt. Det er således en udbredt misforståelse, at parallelsamfund nødvendigvis er stedsbundne. Empirisk er der udbredt enighed om, at de boligområder, der fremhæves i medierne og politisk ikke kan betragtes som parallelsamfund. Hertil er de for heterogene kulturelt, socialt, etnisk og religiøst og uden væsentlig institutionel parallelitet. Omvendt diskvalificerer det ikke parallelsamfundsbegrebet sociologisk set hverken i en tysk eller en dansk kontekst. Således bør vi i en dansk sammenhæng tage ved lære af den tyske forskning og afvise anvendelsen af begrebet parallelsamfund om de stigmatiserede almene boligområder, men samtidig åbne for en nuanceret empirisk sociologi, baseret på klart definerede begreber, om mulige parallelsamfund og deres eventuelle fremkomst.
Socially responsible practices at a public university in a developing country: A sustainability approach
Authors: Ncube Eric Dumisani
Published: November 2023

The Clean Act of 1990 of South Africa has imposed fines on producers of ozone-depleting substances and local smelting gases (Melnick, 1983). Purcell et al. (2019) suggest that Universities can deliver sustainable development goals (SDG) by working with internal and external stakeholder bodies. They further are expected to embrace issues of global and national social responsibility, governance and sustainability. Filho et al. (2019) opined that universities are central players and critical economic actors in many regions specifically related to sustainable development. The article aims to align sustainability with university operations. The extent to which postgraduate students understand sustainability operations strategy and standards that are eco-friendly are explored and informed by the triple bottom line (3BL) framework and explores the social awareness of the university community in ensuring the quality of life presently and for future generations in a developing context. This article employed a quantitative approach with a sample from the Supply Chain Management Honours students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. The 44 questionnaires were randomly sent to students. Descriptive, and inferential, was generated to produce results, suggesting and reaffirming that all stakeholders, including the university leadership and other staff cohorts, should be committed to the United Nations (UN) SDG 4 objectives to ensure sustainability awareness and promote lifelong environmental learning.
Corporate Political Activism and Information Transfers
Authors: Christensen Dane M. , Jin Hengda , Lee Joshua A. , Sridharan Suhas A. , Wellman Laura A.
Published: November 2023

Prior research suggests that (1) politically active firms have an information advantage over firms that do not engage in the political process but also that (2) politically active firms are more likely to disclose policy-related information. We examine whether there are externalities associated with the processing of political information by politically active firms. We study this question in the setting of intraindustry information transfers around earnings announcements. Measuring firms’ political activism using campaign contributions, we find stronger intraindustry information transfers from politically active firms to their industry peers. These information transfers are stronger when there is more discussion during conference calls of political topics that have industry- or market-wide implications. Similarly, these information transfers are also stronger when there is greater political uncertainty. Our paper highlights an important information externality related to politically active firms’ disclosures and improves our understanding of how politically active firms affect their industries’ information environment.

Data Availability: The data used in this study are publicly available from the sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: D72; M41; M48.