bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seroprevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in Patients about to Receive Immunosuppressive Treatment in Gran Canaria (Spain)
Authors: Carranza-Rodríguez Cristina , López-Delgado Laura , Granados-Magan Álvaro , Pérez-Arellano José-Luis
Published: March 2023

Strongyloides stercoralis infection is generally asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, but in the immunosuppressed host, it is associated with more severe and complicated forms with a worse prognosis. S. stercoralis seroprevalence was studied in 256 patients before receiving immunosuppressive treatment (before kidney transplantation or starting biological treatments). As a control group, serum bank data of 642 individuals representative of the population of the Canary Islands were retrospectively analyzed. To avoid false positives due to cross-reactivity with other similar helminth antigens present in the study area, IgG antibodies to Toxocara spp. and Echinococcus spp. were evaluated in cases positive for Strongyloides. The data show this is a prevalent infection: 1.1% of the Canarian population, 2.38% of Canarian individuals awaiting organ transplants and 4.8% of individuals about to start biological agents. On the other hand, strongyloidiasis can remain asymptomatic (as observed in our study population). There are no indirect data, such as country of origin or eosinophilia, to help raise suspicion of the disease. In summary, our study suggests that screening for S. stercoralis infection should be performed in patients who receive immunosuppressive treatment for solid organ transplantation or biological agents, in line with previous publications.
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Modulates the Switch of Macrophage Polarization from M1 to M2 by Upregulating MoDC-Released sCD83
Authors: Gong Xingyu , Ma Tianyi , Zhang Qiaoya , Wang Yanhong , Song Chengchuang , Lai Min , Zhang Chunlei , Fang Xingtang , Chen Xi
Published: March 2023

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), the most economically important infectious disease of pigs, elicits poor innate and adaptive immune responses. Soluble CD83 (sCD83), a secretion from various immune cell populations, especially MoDCs, is involved in negatively regulating the immune response. We speculate sCD83 may be a critical factor in the process of PRRSV-coordinated macrophage polarization. In this study, we found that PAMs co-cultured with PRRSV-infected MoDCs inhibited the M1 macrophage while enhancing the M2 macrophage. This was accompanied by a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α and iNOS and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and Arg1. Meanwhile, sCD83 incubation causes the same specific effects lead to a switch in macrophage from M1 to M2. Neutralization of sCD83 removes the inhibitory effects of PRRSV on PAMs. Using reverse genetics, we generated recombinant PRRSVs with mutations in N protein, nsp1α, and nsp10 (knockout sCD83-concerned key amino acid site). Four mutant viruses lost the suppression of M1 macrophage markers, in contrast to the restriction of the upregulation of M2 macrophage markers. These findings suggest that PRRSV modulates the switch of macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 by upregulating the MoDC-induced secretion of CD83, providing new insights into the mechanism by which PRRSV regulates host immunity.
Toll-like Receptor-Mediated Immunomodulation of Th1-Type Response Stimulated by Recombinant Antigen of Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV-2)
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Rika , Wu Mei-Li , Chung Wen-Bin , Chaung Hso-Chi , Chang Ko-Tung
Published: March 2023

PRRSV infects CD163-positive macrophages and skews their polarization toward an M2 phenotype, followed by T-cell inactivation. In our previous study, we found that recombinant protein A1 antigen derived from PRRSV-2 was a potential vaccine or adjuvant for immunization against PRRSV-2 infection due to its ability to repolarize macrophages into M1 subtype, thereby reducing CD163 expression for viral entry and promoting immunomodulation for Th1-type responses, except for stimulating Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. The aim of our current study was to evaluate the effects of another two recombinant antigens, A3 (ORF6L5) and A4 (NLNsp10L11), for their ability to trigger innate immune responses including TLR activation. We isolated pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) from 8- to 12-week-old specific pathogen free (SPF) piglets and stimulated them with PRRSV (0.01 MOI and 0.05 MOI) or antigens. We also investigated the T-cell differentiation by immunological synapse activation of PAMs and CD4+ T-cells in the cocultured system. To confirm the infection of PRRSV in PAMs, we checked the expression of TLR3, 7, 8, and 9. Our results showed that the expression of TLR3, 7, and 9 were significantly upregulated in PAMs by A3 antigen induction, similar to the extent of PRRSV infection. Gene profile results showed that A3 repolarizes macrophages into the M1 subtype potently, in parallel with A1, as indicated by significant upregulation of proinflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-12). Upon immunological synapse activation, A3 potentially differentiated CD4 T cells into Th1 cells, determined by the expression of IL-12 and IFN-γ secretion. On the contrary, antigen A4 promoted regulatory T cell (T-reg) differentiation by significant upregulation of IL-10 expression. Finally, we concluded that the PRRSV-2 recombinant protein A3 provided better protection against PRRSV infection, suggested by its capability to reeducate immunosuppressive M2 macrophages into proinflammatory M1 cells. As M1 macrophages are prone to be functional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), they can call for TLR activation and Th1-type immune response within the immunological synapse.
Small RNA Profiling of Cucurbit Yellow Stunting Disorder Virus from Susceptible and Tolerant Squash (Cucurbita pepo) Lines
Authors: Kavalappara Saritha Raman , Bag Sudeep , Luckew Alex , McGregor Cecilia E.
Published: March 2023

RNA silencing is a crucial mechanism of the antiviral immunity system in plants. Small RNAs guide Argonaut proteins to target viral RNA or DNA, preventing virus accumulation. Small RNA profiles in Cucurbita pepo line PI 420328 with tolerance to cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) were compared with those in Gold Star, a susceptible cultivar. The lower CYSDV symptom severity in PI 420328 correlated with lower virus titers and fewer sRNAs derived from CYSDV (vsRNA) compared to Gold Star. Elevated levels of 21- and 22-nucleotide (nt) size class vsRNAs were observed in PI 420328, indicating more robust and efficient RNA silencing in PI 420328. The distribution of vsRNA hotspots along the CYSDV genome was similar in both PI 420328 and Gold Star. However, the 3’ UTRs, CPm, and p26 were targeted at a higher frequency in PI 420328.
Prediction of the Spontaneous Estrus Expression Period Based on Large (≥10 mm) Follicle Numbers in Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows
Authors: Miura Ryotaro , Inoue Takuma , Kunugi Yuka , Yasukawa Miya , Koyama Saku , Sato Rena , Matsumura Tomochika , Tajima Tsuyoshi , Yoshimura Itaru , Ajito Tadaharu
Published: March 2023

The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the distribution of large (≥10 mm) follicle numbers during the estrous cycle and (2) to compare the timing of the estrus expression period after the ovarian examination between cows with one large follicle (1F) and two or more large follicles (2F) with functional corpus luteum (CL) at the ovarian examination in lactating Holstein dairy cows. In experiment 1, we performed 393 ovarian examinations by ultrasonography, addressed the existence of CL (≥20 mm) and large follicle numbers, and classified cows into 1F (n = 229) and 2F (n = 164) groups. The 1F appearance rates were beyond 75% each day during 3 to 12 d after estrus. However, 2F appearance rates were beyond 75% each day during 15 to 24 d after estrus. In experiment 2, we performed 302 ovarian examinations by ultrasonography and classified cows into the 1F (n = 168) and 2F (n = 134) groups. Estrus detection was performed for 24 d after the ovarian examination in each cow. In the 2F group, 75% of estrus occurred within 9 d of the ovarian examination. However, 75% of estrus occurred 10 d after the ovarian examination in 1F. Days from the ovarian examination to estrus were significantly shorter in the 2F (6.0 d; median, 7.2 ± 4.0 d; mean ± SD) than in the 1F (13 d, 12.4 ± 4.3 d) group. In conclusion, focusing on ≥10 mm follicle numbers with CL could be useful for predicting the estrus expression period.
Elucidating Well-Being Measurement from the Wellness Perspective of Religious Travelers
Authors: Hassan Siti Hasnah , Ramayah Thurasamy , Qureshi Muhammad Imran
Published: March 2023

The holistic conceptions of multi-dimensional well-being that synergize the constructs that capture all elements of the well-being of travelers are lacking in current literature. This study aims to develop an instrument to measure religious travelers’ well-being based on multi-dimensional well-being from the perspective of Muslim travelers who traveled to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to perform Umrah to gauge their level of well-being. The scale development technique was employed by creating, refining, and validating the instrument. The final survey instrument, which was administered using a purposive snowball sampling procedure, featured 30 items representing six dimensions of well-being. The final dataset included 202 Muslims who traveled to perform Umrah and were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) using AMOS 21.0 software. Four low-loading items were removed, leaving 26 items with a satisfactory model fit that covered six wellness dimensions: physical, spiritual, emotional, social, intellectual, and financial well-being. The findings contribute to the literature on religious tourism by providing an in-depth description of the experience of a religious pilgrimage for Muslims and their subsequent sense of fulfillment. The newly constructed instrument is believed to provide a more comprehensive view on well-being, allowing for a more nuanced assessment of a traveler’s well-being upon return.
Presentation of the Citizens’ administrative law circle
Authors: Nikolova Raina
Published: March 2023

The paper presents the two main topics discussed with the participants of the Administrative Law of Citizens Circle during the spring semester of the academic year 2021/2022: the administrative legal status of refugees and the administrative military law and the rights of citizens.
The relationship between ECtHR and CJEU and national criminal courts in the light of the concept of human rights
Authors: Hinov Ivo
Published: March 2023

The concept of human rights is at the heart of the relationship between the two supranational courts – ECtHR and the CJEU – and the national jurisdictions. This relationship is complex in nature involving both the perception of and opposition against the legal solutions adopted by supranational courts. But its result is clear – it affirms the human rights as super-right, a supreme imperative and a criterion for assessing the legality of national law and case law.
Do the regulations of the Electoral Code contradict with the Bulgarian Constitution as they provide for calculating “ex-lege” the vote of the party ballots without any preference in favor of the list leader
Authors: Slavov Peter
Published: March 2023

This article provides an analysis of the possible contradiction with the Constitution of the regulations in the Bulgarian Election Code creating a “privilege” for the list leaders in municipal elections as well as for MPs, who are entitled to, according to art. 278 (5) and art. 437 (5), along with their own preferential vote, also to receive the party ballots without any preference in them. Thus, it is obvious that there is a privileged position of these list leaders (while the other candidates are being discriminated against), which puts the aforementioned regulations of the Election Code in contradiction with art. 6 (2) of the Bulgarian Constitution – prohibition of privileges or discrimination, art. 10 – common, equal, direct voting right and art. 4 (1) – rule of law.
The legal status of persons with mental disabilities in Bulgaria
Authors: Boyuklieva Iliana
Published: March 2023

The article discusses some problems of the Bulgarian legislation related to legal status of persons with mental disabilities. The national legislation regarding legal status of persons with mental disabilities is considered, outlining the problems of their legal capacity, legal incapacitation and fundamental rights. In this context, it compares the national legal framework with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In conclusion, legal reform is needed to regulate in detail the legal status of these individuals in sync with international principles.
The Actual Benefit Gaining and Presumptive Impoverishment of the Impoverished Person in the Hypothesis of Usage of Another’s Property in the Meaning of Article 59 of the Obligations and Contracts Act
Authors: Malinov Ivaylo
Published: March 2023

The present article examines the problems arising in one of the specific hypotheses of the general claim for unjust enrichment within the meaning of Art. 59 of the Obligations and Contracts Act. In the predominant part of the practice, the courts do not examine in detail the question of whether the impoverished plaintiffs had the intention at all and whether they would objectively receive the property benefits appropriated by the unauthorized person using the foreign item. In this way the practice literally creates an “objective” unjustified enrichment in the presence of usage of someone else‘s property without legal grounds and an established right of ownership of the plaintiff. Further developing this scenario leads to a situation in which the court does not examine whether the plaintiff actually suffered impoverishment, despite the explicit requirement of the norm of Art. 59, para. 1 of the Obligations and Contracts Act for the presence of such as part of the elements of the factual composition of the norm. The indicated tendency of the judicial practice will be the examined subject of analysis in the following article.
Some Questions Regarding the Grounds and Procedure for Declaring the Invalidity of a Collective Employment Agreement
Authors: Chochova Maria
Published: March 2023

The exhibition addresses some issues regarding the procedure for declaring a collective agreement invalid. A comparison has been made between the claims for invalidity and those that can be filed in cases of non-performance of a collective labour agreement. Relevant case-law is analyzed.
EU Accession to the ECHR – an Equation with Many Unknowns
Authors: Kazak Tchetin
Published: March 2023

This article aims to present the status of the accession project eight years after the CJEU‘s opinion: the long way it has come, what has been done since then, the possible obstacles that remain, starting with the long procedure of ratification of the accession agreement, including by countries outside the European Union. The vicissitudes that this project has gone through, as well as the challenges that continue to face it, turn its realization into an equation with many unknowns, for which solutions are still being sought and will be sought.
Roman and Modern Emphyteusis
Authors: Novkirishka-Stoyanova Malina
Published: March 2023

The study examines a specific form of concession or lease of land associated with obligations to cultivate and ameliorate. It is divided into two parts – for the Roman and for the modern emphyteusis. In Part I they present the theories of the origin of emphyteusis in Roman law, as well as the characteristics of emphyteutic law (ius emphyteuticarium), which appears to be very specific (sui generis, iustertium) and different from the traditionally defined ius in rem and ius in personam. It is the result of the development of the Roman legal concept of public property and its management since the archaic period, it has its design in the so-called duplex dominium during the time of the Republic and the Empire and passed into medieval law in the system of divided ownership (dominium divisum). The concept of emphyteusis as a legal form of dominium utile and directly related to the feudal regime was one of the reasons for its denial in the age of Revolutions, but its dogmatic and functional usefulness necessitated its preservation in a number of civil codifications and agrarian laws even today.
On the Issue of Bulgarian Public Holidays
Authors: Nedeleva Petya
Published: March 2023

The festive calendar is a reflection of the understandings, values and history of a people and country, a sign to the next generations about the difficulties and victories of the past, an example of what they should value, what they should not forget and what they should learn from. Until the establishment of the Third Bulgarian State, the holiday calendar of the Bulgarian society consisted primarily of religious and traditional holidays, which were preserved as a main component of the holiday calendar even after the Liberation.  To them are added holidays related to the monarchical institution, as well as important historical events for the Bulgarian people. Generally, public holidays are the designated important dates and non-working days in our annual national calendar, and the national holiday should be the most important day among them. Such an occasion is undoubtedly the adoption of the first democratic Bulgarian Constitution on April 16, 1879, which should not just be a day in Bulgarian history, but a national holiday of the Bulgarian state. If we respect the Bulgarian institutions, statehood and independence, we must give due importance and respect to this date.
The Pending and Relative Ineffectiveness in Three Interpretive Decisions of the Supreme Cassation Court
Authors: Tsoneva Silvia
Published: March 2023

The article examines pending and relative ineffectiveness of contracts in the case of Art. 76 of the Inheritance Act, Art. 26 of the Family Code and Art. 42 of the Obligations and Contracts Act as treated in interpretative decisions No. 1 of 19.5.2004, No. 5 of 29.12.2014 and No. 5 of 12.12.2016 of the Supreme Cassation Court. The concept and types of ineffectiveness are analyzed, as well as the specific issues of the situations discussed. It is concluded that Art. 76 IA provides for a resolutive condition combined with relative ineffectiveness, Art. 24, para. 4 and Art. 26 FC – contestability, which is different from relative ineffectiveness, and Art. 42 of the Obligations and Contracts Act – pending ineffectiveness, but in the absence of confirmation the possibility the contract to become effective is finally lost, and any interested person can invoke it.
Whether the Bankruptcy Receiver is a Procedural Substitute?
Authors: Kolarov Todor
Published: March 2023

The article discourses whether the bankruptcy receiver is a procedural substitute. Upon discussing different scholarly opinions, the supported opinion is that the receiver does not have the characteristics of a procedural substitute of the creditors or the debtor.
Clinician-led secondary triage in England’s urgent care delivery: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sexton Vanashree , Atherton Helen , Dale Jeremy , Abel Gary
Published: March 2023

Background

Clinician-led secondary triage, following primary triage by the NHS 111 phone line, is central to England’s urgent care system. However, little is known about how secondary triage influences the urgency attributed to patients’ needs.

Aim

To describe patterns of secondary triage outcomes and call-related factors (such as call length and time of call) associated with upgrading/downgrading of primary triage outcomes.

Design and setting

Cross-sectional analysis of secondary triage call records from four urgent care providers in England using the same digital triage system to support clinicians’ decision making.

Method

Statistical analyses (mixed-effects regression) of approximately 200 000 secondary triage call records were undertaken.

Results

Following secondary triage, 12% of calls were upgraded (including 2% becoming classified as emergencies) from the primary triage urgency. The highest odds of upgrade related to chest pain (odds ratio [OR] 2.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.34 to 3.07) and breathlessness (OR 1.62, 95% CI = 1.42 to 1.85; reference: abdominal pain) presentations. However, 74% of calls were downgraded; notably, 92% (n= 33 394) of calls classified at primary triage as needing clinical attention within 1 h were downgraded. Secondary triage outcomes were associated with operational factors (day/time of call), and most substantially with the clinician conducting triage.

Conclusion

Non-clinician primary triage has significant limitations, highlighting the importance of secondary triage in the English urgent care system. It may miss key symptoms that are subsequently triaged as requiring immediate care, while also being too risk averse for most calls leading to downgrading of urgency. There is unexplained inconsistency between clinicians, despite all using the same digital triage system. Further research is needed to improve the consistency and safety of urgent care triage.
Kant y la tercera crítica
Authors: Tillería Aqueveque Leopoldo
Published: March 2023

El artículo pretende desmontar una vieja contienda habida en la tercera Crítica entre una estética y una filosofía del arte. Tal contienda mostraría a la de Kant como una estética en conflicto. Cual Jano bifronte, el filósofo de Königsberg presentará en la última Crítica una Crítica de la facultad de juzgar estética que va y viene entre una estética filosófica y una metafísica del arte, y que terminará convirtiéndose en una propedéutica para las filosofías del arte del Romanticismo. A partir de la crítica de Derrida a lo colosal kantiano —comentario que permitiría conjeturar la presencia en la primera parte de la tercera Crítica de un olvidado arte sublime—, se plantea como hipótesis la posibilidad de una inacabada y obscura arquitectónica de la Crítica de la facultad de juzgar estética, donde la condición bastarda de lo sublime evidenciaría una cuestión no deducida trascendentalmente, pero sí experimentada por nuestras facultades del conocer, esto es, una conmoción suprasensible determinada por una suerte de principio de contra-finalidad. De este modo, el problema de lo sublime, cuya expresión de lo colosal está lejos de calificar como un caso del mundo del arte, revelaría al Kant de la tercera Crítica preso en el conflicto aparentemente irresoluble entre razón y sentimiento.
Acerca de la función de argumentar y juzgar a partir de “Los Teólogos”
Authors: Pitlevnik Leonardo
Published: March 2023

El relato “Los teólogos”, de Borges, puede ser leído a partir de un eje de contrarios que se confunden, de verdades que falseadas vuelven a ser consideradas tales, puestas al servicio del mantenimiento de un orden en el que los personajes varían de acusadores a víctimas. Esa perspectiva permite reflexionar acerca del modo en que se lleva a cabo una argumentación en juicio, las formas de resolver un litigio, el rol de los jueces y su lugar dentro del sistema en el que operan, el concepto de la verdad dentro del sistema penal y la cuestión de cómo se neutraliza la violencia social o se resuelven los conflictos en una comunidad. En el relato, los personajes se dedican construir argumentaciones en defensa de la fe dentro de un modelo ideado para el mantenimiento del orden que la iglesia pretendía consolidar tras la caída del imperio romano. A partir de ese modelo de disputa, el texto revisa brevemente cómo se ha construido hasta hoy el sistema de persecución y juzgamiento de delitos y cuál es el rol que ocupan las personas designadas para juzgar y aplicar un castigo. Intentaré, a partir de las descripciones del relato, presentar ciertas formas de fundamentación y de manipulación de las herramientas argumentales y la trascendencia de la noción de verdad en una administración de justicia cuya finalidad central es la de resolver conflictos en el marco de un determinado modelo de convivencia.
Los otros Borges
Authors: Blanco Mariela
Published: March 2023

Introducción al número monográfico. Un estado de la cuestión y comentarios sobre los trabajos compilados.
„Božja toplina daje mi snagu“
Authors: Anić Jadranka Rebeka , Trbojević Filip
Published: March 2023

Zadovoljenje temeljnih potreba (smještaj, hrana itd.) za osobe u beskućništvu je iznimno važno, ali nije dovoljno jer im ne osigurava psihološku i duhovnu pomoć potrebnu za suočavanje sa životnim poteškoćama i za izlaz iz stanja beskućništva. U prvom dijelu rada prikazujemo pod kojim se vidovima istraživala važnost religije/duhovnosti u životu osoba u beskućništvu. U drugom dijelu donosimo rezultate kvalitativnog istraživanja o ulozi vjere u njihovim životima, provedenog u Hrvatskoj u sklopu međunarodnog projekta „Istraživanje beskućništva i puteva do socijalne inkluzije: Komparativna studija konteksta i izazova u švicarskim i hrvatskim gradovima”. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je vjera važan čimbenik u životu osoba u beskućništvu. U suočavanju sa životnim poteškoćama sugovornici rabe pozitivne vjerske strategije: molitvu, odlaske u crkvu i na hodočašća, sudjelovanje u obredima, i čitanje Biblije. Svrha je rada potaknuti razvoj pastorala osoba u beskućništvu u Hrvatskoj.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR UNTUK ANALISIS NIAT MENGGUNAKAN TAS BELANJA RAMAH LINGKUNGAN PADA SUPERMARKET MODERN
Authors: Almuhaymin Rizki , Jatiningrum Wandhansari Sekar
Published: March 2023

The use of eco-friendly shopping bags needs to be encouraged to reduce the use of plastic bags. According to the results of observations and interviews, it is known that the interest of students in using environmentally friendly shopping bags is still low. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the intention of students in using environmentally friendly shopping bags in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study uses multiple linear regression method. Purposive sampling is applied, with a sample of students from 5 universities as many as 100 respondents. Variables in this study using the development of Theory of Planned Behavior by adding variables of environmental awareness and support for the Prohibition of plastic bags. The results showed the correlation coefficient of 0.781 and the coefficient of determination of 0.609, which means there is a strong linear relationship between the dependent variable and all independent variables. Attitude variables, behavioral control and support for the Prohibition of plastic bags bags proved to have a significant effect on the intention to use environmentally friendly shopping bags for each value of regression coefficients were 0.221, 0.400 and 0.158, while the subjective norms and environmental awareness variables had no significant effect. For this reason, recommendations are given to variables that are proven to have a significant effect. Attitude variables are encouraged by promoting the use of environmentally friendly shopping bags to the public through various media, while for behavioral control variables, socialization needs to be carried out to the public regarding the importance of using environmentally friendly shopping bags and the adverse effects of using plastic bags. For recommendations related to variable support for the Prohibition of plastic bags can be done by encouraging plastic bag manufacturers to produce plastic bags from environmentally friendly materials (bioplastics).
Supplemental Online Materials: The impacts of climate change on surfing resources
Authors: Sadrpour Nick , Reineman Dan
Published: March 2023

Supplemental Materials provided by authors for article "The impacts of climate change on surfing resources"
Surf Conservation Index: Mapping priority zones for surf protected areas in Mexico
Authors: Arroyo Mara , Seingier Georges , Passalacqua Walter Gino , Sancho Gallegos Diego
Published: March 2023

A set of indicators was applied to 173 surf breaks in Mexico to help identify priority subregions for surf conservation. The surf conservation index developed consists of pressure, state, and response subindexes, with four scores ranging from very low priority to high priority. Priority surf breaks were defined as the surf breaks where high biodiversity overlaps with high-quality waves, reliance on tourism for income/ economic activity, and low environmental pressure. The highest priority surf breaks for conservation were found in the Gulf of California, followed by the Central-South Pacific coast. Pressure values show that a majority of surf breaks in Mexico are still in an area with low pressure or low population. Most surf breaks have relatively little coastal development and harbors or big cities. The biodiversity subindex, which considers both marine and adjacent terrestrial areas, shows that the highest biodiversity values are found in only 11% of all surf breaks, although 42% of surf breaks have at least half of their marine or terrestrial buffer in biodiversity conservation priority zones, showing a non-negligible presence in critical ecosystems. Overall, the surf break subindex values were generally high and stable, while a majority of surf breaks stand out for having a relatively important proportion of workers employed in tourism. Response analysis shows that only 3.5% of the total listed surf breaks in Mexico are already under a legal protected area framework. A strategy is needed to ensure that surfing, as a recreational activity, and surf breaks, as a natural resource, are considered in present and future management plans. Mexico finds itself at a crossroads as it aims to strengthen surf conservation efforts and preserve these unique coastal socio-ecosystems while also contributing to the sustainable development of local coastal communities.
California coastal access damage from early winter 2022-2023 storms: A photo essay
Authors: Street Joseph , Wilkens Claire , Smith Jeremy , Abshier Angela , Ewing Lesley
Published: March 2023

Atmospheric rivers, “bomb cyclones,” storm waves and high tides wreaked havoc along the central California coast from San Francisco to Monterey. From 26 December 2022 to 11 January 2023, more than 10 inches of rain fell in central California (Landers 2023). During this same time period, higher high tides were 6-ft or greater for 10 of these days and 35-ft high waves were noted. Beaches, beach accesses, and coastal trails were on the front lines for storm defenses and damage. In addition to the extensive new coverage, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Geodetic Survey (NOAA/NGS) collected continuous post-storm(s) airborne photography along the west coast that will be invaluable in analyzing future long-term shoreline changes (NOAA/NGS 2023). The following photos, taken soon after the storms, show some of the coastal damage near and in Monterey Bay.
Political Roles of Women in the Legislative and Presidential Election
Authors: Dhewy Anita
Published: March 2023

Female representation in parliament is decreasing in 2014, from 18 to 17 percent. This is not good news at all. It deteriorates further with no focus on women’s status in each of presidential candidates. Status of women, sexual minorities, and other vulnerable groups were not becoming focus of issues in debates. Women’s movement in near future and in the long run shall fight hard to tackle previous problems. This 2014 General Election has been a powerful tool as well for women to participate and to voice their concern regarding issues of equality and justice. This study unearths how women usher peaceful campaign during the parliament and presidential elections—showing their political engagement to Indonesia as democratic state.
Profiles, Statuses, and Achievements of Female Local Leaders: a Study of the Impact of Direct Local Election
Authors: Dewi Kurniawati Hastuti
Published: March 2023

This paper shows that the role and position of Indonesian women in local governance are improving gradually since the implementation of direct elections in 2005. The “structural opportuinities” for women to be elected as local leader have increased under the direct elections. The number of women elected as local leaders has risen significantly during 2005-2014 periods. Female local leaders’ profiles are diverse in terms of their socio-political background, individual capital and political parties, reflecting a new typology of female local leaders.The presence of female local leaders does not necessarily mean that they always advocate for women issues in their policy line, as this ideal condition depends on other influential factors. And yet, this paper suggests the declining trend of participation and opportunities of women in local governance as the new Local Government Act No. 23/2014 adopts the election of local government head via the Regional People’s Representative Council to replace the earlier mechanism of direct election.
Sang Hyang Dedari: Balinese Women in Schizoanalytic Approach
Authors: Dewi Saraswati
Published: March 2023

Sang Hyang Dedari Dance in religious ceremonies is not only aimed vertically to Sang Hyang Widhi, but also bearing horizontal objectives, to sustain stable structure in Bali society. This study aims to describe the layers of the society, so it can be understood critically what is meant by women of Bali—that the multicultural discourse, indigenous women celebrate the customs and traditions as an act against the root of patriarchy. Yet there is always a need to reexamine the roots. Root is not absolute, and a single tone, but rhizomes that question the hegemony of the hierarchy in winning gender equality against patriarchal subordination.
Amina Wadud’s Criticism against Misogynistic Interpretation of Quran: a Study of Hermeneutic Feminism .
Authors: Mardety NFN
Published: March 2023

This paper is an analysis of Amina Wadud’s thinking about Islam and the status of women, especially regarding gender bias in the interpretation of the Alquran. Methodological problems in the interpretation of the Alquran has led gender issues that disadvantage women. Gender issues in the interpretation has made women subordinate, scapegoated, subordinated and oppressed. Thus, in order to achieve gender equality, Wadud dismantles gender bias in the interpretation of the Qur’an and reveal the darkness of the status of women. Furthermore, Wadud first interpretation offered by women, an interpretation which echoes the voice of women in the Qur’an.
Culture, Sex and Religion: a Study of Contract-Marriage in Cisarua and Jakarta
Authors: Arivia Gadis , Boangmanalu Abby Gina
Published: March 2023

This research is about temporary marriage in the areas of Cisarua and Jakarta. The Islamic discourse in the Arabic culture views temporary marriage as positive to avoid promiscuity (zina). This research indicates that the practice of temporary marriage is manipulation of religion and degradation of Indonesian women. The dominance of Arabic culture in Cisarua influenced the subjectivity and sexuality of women in Indonesia. Respect for the identity of Indonesian women have faded because Indonesian cultural values are not upheld, overpowered by Arabic-patriachal culture and the fact that poverty is still an issue. Temporary marriage is basically prostitution legalized under the pretext of religion. Temporary marriage and siri marriage cannot be distinguished because both exploits the female body.
Criminalization of Sexual Workers: a Study of International Covenants on Women’s Trafficking
Authors: Brahmana Lorensia
Published: March 2023

This article looks into the actions taken by the Government of Indonesia to follow up the integration of the points of the Beijing Platform +20 into national instruments such as legislation products, law, and public policy based on gender equality in accordance with suppressing women trafficking particularly the exploitation of prostitution pinpointed by the Beijing Platform +20. It will also discuss gender injustice as the root of women’s trafficking. Women exploitation in prostitution still can not be addressed optimally by the government because of gender inequality in legal structure and system. Besides, the implementation is still based on genderbiased value and construction of sexuality in patriarchal society.
Women’s Labors in International Market: Mother’s Love, Agency and Plurality of Activism Politics
Authors: Candraningrum Dewi
Published: March 2023

Activism of international women’s labors does not deal with one version of global action yet manifesting in pluralism of actions with divergent and different forms. Many faces of Asia-Pacifics women’s movements, for example, are having multiple expressions in engaging with emancipatory politics at all levels. Effort to generalize their fights, resistance, and resilience will at the end reduce the capacity of their political movement in terms of framework, tradition, generation, ethnicity and nationalism. Women are collectively challenging the injustice, violence, and inequality by demonstrating differences which are linguistically, geographically and culturally defined. Thus, flexibility of action and resilience is the best cure to patriarchy. Keywords:
Raids against LGBT as Fake Moral Agenda: a Study on News Media in Indonesia
Authors: Andajani Sari , Lubis Dinar , Graham-Davies Sharyn
Published: March 2023

As a signatory to the Beijing Convention, Indonesia has the responsibility to live up to certain expectations, one of these is to safe guard human rights and the right to freedom of sexuality and access to sexual health. In this article we show this is not the case. In particular, because police are allowed to conduct raids on hotels and people are too scared to be open about their sexuality. As a result of being scared, people are not able to access sexual health care. Police raids are imposing a sexual morality agenda and the media is exploiting such raids by using horrific pictures, denigrating language maintaining stigmatization. If Indonesia is to get serious about HIV prevention, discrimination against GBV, police raids and violence against LGBT must stop.
Gender Politics and Sexuality: Indonesian Transgender in the Context of Indonesia and Western Europe Society
Authors: Said Tanti Noor
Published: March 2023

This paper attempts to analyze how Indonesian gay males and transgenders male to female in two different social, cultural and political contexts (in Indonesia and Northern Europe) are actively engaged in the making of their own subjectivity. Their subjectivities are entangled with gender, sexuality, religion, romantic love relationships and kinship. They juggle in negotiating and making sense of norms and values of societies that projected towards them. This paper aims to shed light on gender politics of gay and transgender Indonesians in the context of heterosexual hegemony and migration.
When Girls Give Birth Babies: Case Study of ChildMarriage in Sumenep Madura
Authors: Sa'dan Masthuriyah
Published: March 2023

The Madurese never refuse a proposal of a man who first comes. Therefore, Madurese girls would marry at a much younger age in their teenage years even before they reach 12 years old. Child marriages leads to the following severe problems: domestic violence, infidelity, divorce, problems of pregnancy and birth. In this context, there is injustice toward girls in the process of marriage and when the marriage happens. Psychologically, the girls are not ready enough to face domestic taks as a wife and mother. Besides that, girls also face a life-threatening situation during pregnancy and childbirth because of the unprepared reproductive organs. Therefore, a judicial review to the Constitutional Court regarding the minimum age of marriage for women from the age of 16 in article 7 of Law No. 1 of 1974 to the age of 18 years is a solution to eliminate the increasing child marriage and reduce the rate of maternal death and child-mortality rate.
Girls’ Vulnerability in Child-Marriage
Authors: Anshor Maria Ulfah
Published: March 2023

Child marriage was primarily caused by Law No 1 1974 Marriage that stated girls could be marriage at the age of 16. The rejection of the judicial review of this Law and other severe factors has increased the number of child-marriage in Indonesia. Social change behavior will not solve the problems of child marriage. Status of girls in child-marriage are as follows: girls are vulnerable to being divorced, girls are prone to domestic violence, girls are prone to sexual violence and victim of phedophilia, girls are prone to drop-out from education and having poor and low access in jobmarket. There is an urgent need to a systemiv advocacy to end child marriage.
Merariq Adat as means to end Child Marriage: Rights and Vulnerability of Girls
Authors: Fajriyah Iklilah Muzayyanah Dini
Published: March 2023

This paper elaborates strategy to stop child marriage in NTB (Nusa Tenggara Barat) via local culture that internalized in formal education. Child marriage has ruined the future of children. This practice is not just as well as ignoring the rights of children under the disguise of religion and adat. Child marriage in NTB via merariq tradition has violated child’s rights as well as making girls vulnerable under Sasak Adat Law. However if being investigated further this tradition is giving full autonomy to girls in taking decision in marriage. In modern era, this rights and autonomy are not being exercised and even erased from girls’s rights. this creates more vulnerability to girls. The reformed merariq adat law need to be reformed and inserted into formal education so that girls are empowered and able to fight against child marriage.
Nielegalne migracje na terenie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w latach 2019-2022
Authors: Martyna Haraf
Published: March 2023

Głównym celem artykułu jest przybliżenie znaczenia roli i ochrony granicy państwowej w przypadku zagrożeń wynikających z nielegalnej migracji. W artykule ukazano ramy definicyjne, podział i charakterystykę zjawiska migracji. Przeanalizowano regulacje prawne dotyczące statusu migranta, statusu uchodźcy oraz ujęcia przekroczenia granicy państwowej wbrew przepisom. W artykule szczegółowo przybliżono zakres i zasięg nielegalnej migracji występującej w ostatnich latach na terenie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. Celem artykułu była Odpowiedź na pytania: Jak wygląda ochrona i obrona granic na poziomie krajowym Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w aspekcie kryzysu migracyjnego i nielegalnej migracji? Czy w perspektywie minionych lat liczba nielegalnych migrantów przybywających na tereny Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej uległa zmianie? Czy istnieją realne uzasadnienia przybywania migrantów na teren Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej? Metodą badawczą, którą posłużono się w artykule jest analiza literatury badawczej oraz dostępnych statystyk Straży Granicznej, w szczególności danych dotyczących przekroczenia granicy państwowej wbrew przepisom.
Bisphosphonates in Treatment of Calcium Metabolism Disorders in Children: Over 40 Years of Experience (A Lecture)
Authors: Юрьева Э.А. , Длин В.В. , Кушнарева М.В. , Боченков С.В. , Воздвиженская Е.С.
Published: March 2023

Лекция содержит анализ результатов использования бисфосфонатов (БФ) в лечении нарушений обмена кальция в костях и мягких тканях у детей и взрослых. БФ – целый класс (более 10) синтетических аналогов естественных регуляторов обмена кальция в организме – неорганических пирофосфатов. За 40 лет клинического использования БФ определены показания к их применению (резорбция кости, риск переломов, наследственные остеопатии у детей и взрослых). Установлены основные механизмы действия БФ (ингибиторы ферментов, повышающих активность остеокластов). Определены фармакологические свойства БФ, различия в степени активности отдельных препаратов (от 1 до 10 000 единиц), выявлены их противовоспалительные свойства. Определены дозы, способы введения БФ и схемы лечения, а также условия, при которых повышается риск побочных эффектов. Продолжается поиск новых видов БФ для лечения некостных заболеваний.

The lecture contains an analysis of outcomes of bisphosphonates (BP) use in treatment of calcium metabolism disorders in bones and soft tissues in children and adults. BP is a whole class (more than 10) of synthetic analogues of natural regulators of calcium metabolism in the body - inorganic pyrophosphates. Over 40 years of clinical use of BP, indications for their use (bone resorption, fractures risk, hereditary osteopathies in children and adults) were determined. The main mechanisms of BP action were established (inhibitors of enzymes that increase the activity of osteoclasts). Pharmacological properties of BP, differences in the activity of individual drugs (from 1 to 10,000 units) were defined, and their anti-inflammatory properties were revealed. Doses, methods of BP administration and treatment regimens were determined, as well as conditions increasing adverse effects risk. Further investigations of new types of BP for non-bone diseases treatment are underway.
16. Yüzyıldan 20. Yüzyıla İstanbul Meyhane Âlemlerine Eşlik Eden Mezeler ve Yiyecekler
Authors: ERDİNÇLİ İhsan
Published: March 2023

İstanbul, Bizans dönemindeki içki ve meyhanelere dair birikimini 1453 yılında Osmanlı Devleti tarafından fethedildikten sonra da devam ettirmiştir. Literatürde Osmanlı dönemi İstanbul meyhanelerine, içki tüketimine ve müdavimlere yönelik devletin yaklaşımına dair çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu çalışma ise yine İstanbul meyhaneleri örneğine odaklanarak içkiye müptela birinin hangi tür meze ve yiyecekler eşliğinde içki tükettiği sorusundan hareketle planlanmıştır. Üzerinde durulan sorulardan bir diğeri, meyhane müdavimlerinin sofrasını süsleyen meze ve yiyecekler ile genel olarak İstanbul mutfağı arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğudur. Çalışmada, Osmanlı Devleti’nin özellikle 19. yüzyılın ortalarında yaşadığı modernleşme sürecinin etkileri dikkate alınarak meze ve yiyecek türlerindeki süreklilikler veya değişen yönler saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda balığın Müslümanlar arasında tüketimi daha sınırlı olsa da 16. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren içki sofralarında tüketildiği görülmektedir. Yaklaşık üç asır sonra ise Müslümanlar, kendileri için içki içmenin kanunen suç olmaktan çıkmasıyla birlikte meze tüketme anlayışına katkı yapmaya başlamışlardır. Osmanlı İstanbul’u özelinde ulaşılan sonuçlar, aynı zamanda Osmanlı Devleti’nin çağdaşı olan devletlerdeki içkili kamusal eğlence hayatıyla karşılaştırma yapma imkânı sunması bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Çalışmanın kaynakları kronikler, seyahatname ve hatırat türündeki gözleme dayalı eserler ile konunun devlet katındaki önemiyle ilişkili olarak kayıtlara oldukça az yansıyan şer‘iyye sicilleri ve arşiv belgeleridir.
İNGİLİZ KONSOLOS FREDERİCK G. FREEMAN’IN RAPORLARINDA BİTLİS (1901-1903)
Authors: KESKİN Tülay
Published: March 2023

Bitlis vilayetinde 1894 yılındaki Sason olayı ve sonrasında meydana gelen Ermeni olayları İngiltere Hükümeti’nin dikkatini bu vilayete çevirmesine yol açmış ve 1895 yılında Bitlis Yardımcı Konsolosluğu kurulmuştur. 1901 yılının sonlarına doğru konsolosluğa Frederick G. Freeman atanmıştır. Bitlis’e yardımcı konsolos olarak atanan Frederick G. Freeman, Bitlis’e atandığı sırada Diyarbakır’da yardımcı konsolos olarak görev yapmaktaydı. Bitlis’e tayin edilmesinin ardından 17 Ekim 1901'de Diyarbakır'dan ayrılmış ve 21 Ekim’de Muş’a gelmiştir. Freeman Bitlis yardımcı konsolosu olarak görev yaptığı yaklaşık 1 yıl 7 ay boyunca, Bitlis vilayetindeki siyasi, ekonomik, sosyal, idari ve askeri gelişmeler hakkında raporlar hazırlamıştır. Raporları, Ermeni komitecilerinin faaliyetleri, Sason bölgesinde 1901 yılı temmuz ve ağustos aylarında meydana gelen çatışmalar, aşiretler arasında yaşanan sıkıntılar, bölgede yaptığı geziler, Ermenilere yardım dağıtımı, 29 Nisan 1903’te meydana gelen deprem ve deprem sonrasında yaşanan kayıplar, Bitlis Valisi Hüsnü Bey’in sağlık sorunlarından dolayı istifa etmesi, hakkındadır.