bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF MALE LOCAL DUCKS (ANAS PLATHYRINCHOS) FED TORCH GINGER FLOWER (ETLINGERA ELATIOR) SOLUTION INCLUDED IN COMMERCIAL RATION
Authors: Supriatman Pepi , Dihansih Elis , Anggraeni Anggraeni
Published: April 2018

The needs for animal protein increase significantly as the number and prosperity level of people increase. Ducks are water poultry that can be used to supply meat and eggs to fulfill people need for protein.    Ducks are the second most important egg producers after chickens.  In Indonesia, duck eggs share about 30-40% of total egg supply (Suharno 2002).  This study was aimed at assessing the production performance of male local ducks fed torch ginger flower (Etlingera elatior) solution included in commercial ration.  Male local ducks aged 2 weeks with average initial body weight of 450 g were used.  Commercial feed was mixed with torch ginger flower solution.  A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates was used.  Treatments consisted of four levels of torch ginger flower solution, namely 0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%.  Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and measurements were taken on feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion, and mortality rate.  Results showed that no significant differences (P>0.05) were found in all parameters measured.  The average feed intake was 4037.67±205.748 g, body weight gain was 1034.79±129.14 g/head, and feed conversion was 3.94±0.45.  The mortality rate was found to be 0% indicating no bird was found died in all treatment groups. Provision of commercial feed with a mixture of a solution of interest ginger flower is not able to improve the performance of male local ducks.Key words: animal protein, water poultry, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion.
The Scope and Types of Environmental Human Rights
Authors: AKYÜZ Emrah
Published: April 2018

Environmental human rights (EHRs) have received greater worldwide attention over the years since first recognized by the 1972 Stockholm Declaration. Approximately 100 countries currently recognize and guarantee EHRs within their national constitutions. EHRs have been also used by such diverse groups as academics, social activists, international organizations, political parties, NGOs, etc. EHRs, however, are still a long way from being clear as a concept, or may at best be considered vague. This may be because different scholars have defined EHRs in different ways. In order to broaden and deepen our understanding of EHRs, this conceptual paper will attempt to explain the scope and types of EHRs through a critical analysis of the related literature by addressing the following research questions: (1) What is the scope of environmental human rights? and (2) What types of environmental human rights are there? It concludes with four main types of EHRs, including the right to environment, civil and political rights, and the constitutional and procedural rights that are the rights of individuals to preserve the environment in which they live.
Genetic diversity analysis for various morphological and quality traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Singh Girnam , Kumar Pradeep , Kumar Ravi , Gangwar L. K.
Published: April 2018

The present investigation was carried out during 2011-12 in a randomized block design (RBD) with 35 diverse wheat genotypes to assess the genetic diversity for various morphological and quality traits. The analysis of variance for grain yield and its contributing components namely days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, productive tillers, plant height, spike length, spikelets pet spike, grains per spikelet, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and gluten content showed highly significant differences (at <1% level of significance) among the genotypes under present study. High heritability along with high genetic advance and high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for grain yield (g), biological yield (g), harvest index (%), spike length (cm) and 1000 grain weight (g) indicated substantial contribution of additive gene action in the expression and thus selection would be effective for genetic improvement of these traits for improving grain yield in wheat. On the basis of multivariate analysis, 35 genotypes were grouped into ‘6’ clusters based on genetic divergence (D2 ) value. The compositions of clusters revealed that the Cluster IV contained the highest number of genotypes (9) followed by Cluster II (8), Cluster VI (8) and Cluster III (7). The highest inter cluster values were recorded between cluster III and V (8357.19) followed by cluster IV and V (7513.88), cluster IV and VI (6009.44) and cluster III and VI (5530.40) exhibiting wide genetic diversity. Among different traits, biological yield (32.12%), productive tillers (28.74%), harvest index (26.71%), plant height (24.20%), grain yield (19.23%) and grains per spikelets (14.89%) had maximum contribution to total genetic divergence, therefore may be used as selection parameters in transgressive segregants. Selection of genotypes from the clusters may be used as potential donors for further hybridization programme to develop genotypes with high yield potential in wheat crop.
Evaluation of Acorus calamus L. rhizome extract as a bio preservative against wood fungal decay
Authors: Dhiman Bandana , Dutt Bhupender
Published: April 2018

Wood is most preferred structural material throughout the world and is considered as a complex biological composite with ubiquitous nature. Throughout the world there is an immense pressure on primary durable timbers due to their ever increasing demand. To reduce pressure on the primary species like; Teak, Sal and Deodar etc. one has to look for the other lesser known or secondary species as an alternative. Durability of these species can be enhanced with application of different preservatives and for this one of the best approach is to use herbal based ecofriendly preservatives rather than hazardous chemicals. In this study, the antifungal activity of Acorus calamus rhizome extract was tested on less durable local wood species. The results showed that average growth of Polyporus fungus on taken wood samples were retarded up to 69.44% after applying 2% concentration of rhizome extract and act as suitable bio-preservative for non durable wood species.
Effect of storage period on internal and external parameters of Deshi Chicken fowl
Authors: Lall Jitendra Goldie , Santra Ajeet Kumar , Sahu Sambhuti Shankar
Published: April 2018

The fresh eggs were collected and evaluated to effect of storage periods on internal and external characteristics in local chicken eggs. The mean value of the egg weight, egg width, shape index, albumin height, albumen weight, albumen percentage, albumin index, yolk height, yolk weight, yolk percentage, yolk index, shell thickness, shell weight, shell %, albumin pH, albumin protein and Haugh Unit are 58.60±0.84 g, 4.08±0.02 cm, 76.39±1.02, 5.40±0.16 mm, 33.67±0.37g, 58.07±0.55%, 6.76±0.49, 18.20±0.29 mm, 18.33±0.43 g, 44.27±0.91%, 44.27±0.91%, 0.29±0.02, 6.06±0.22, 10.39±0.25, 7.82±0.02, 11.77±0.07 and 72.63±1.34 in local chicken eggs. The data from current study indicates that with increase in storage period, a significant (P<0.01) decline was observed in various parameters like percentage weight loss, albumen height, yolk height, egg width, albumen index, yolk index, Haugh unit, albumen %, albumen weight, shell thickness and albumen protein. Contrary to this, albumen pH (P<0.01) was found to escalate with increase in storage period. Egg length, shell %and yolk % have significantly differed at (P<0.01) level. Shape index and shell weight showed no significant differences.
Assessment of genetic divergence for quantitative traits in thermo tolerant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes
Authors: Kumar Manish , Yadav R. K. , Behera T. K. , Talukdar Akshay , Kour Manpreet
Published: April 2018

In the present study, 21 thermo tolerant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes were evaluated to delineate the extent of genetic diversity through 10 quantitative traits. The genotypes were categorized into 4 distinct clusters using D2 statistics. Cluster IV had the maximum number (10) of genotypes, where all heat tolerant genotypes grouped together, followed by cluster I (5). Intra cluster analysis revealed that the cluster IV had highest distance, while the inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster III and cluster IV (6.53) indicating the presence of wide range of variability among genotypes of the cluster. Cluster IV recorded maximum cluster mean for yield (579.0), average fruit weight (33.33) and fruit set per cent (54.8) and the cluster III recorded highest mean value for days to 50 percent flowering (67.33). Principal component analysis showed that the first two principal components (PC’s) accounting for 77.6 per cent of total variation. On the basis of inter cluster distance, cluster mean and principal component analysis observed in the present study, a crossing programme involving genotypes from cluster IV will be promising one for developing heat tolerant tomato hybrids.
Effect of sericin treatment conditions on dye abilty of cotton fabric
Authors: Bhandari Babita , Singh Saroj S. Jeet , Rose Neelam M.
Published: April 2018

A study was conducted to observe the effect of sericin treatment on dye abilty of cotton fabric using natural dye. Different parameters for sericin treatment were optimized on the basis of maximum percent dye absorption and washing fastness. It was found that 0.5 % (w/v) sericin in the presence of 4% crosslinking agent and 1 % catalyst treated at 70ºC for 45 minutes followed by drying at 70ºC for 4 minutes and curing at 160ºC for 2 minutes increased affinity of selected natural dye i.e. manjistha towards cotton fabric. Dye uptake of sericin treated fabric increased from 19.5 % to 31.7 % after application of sericin using all the optimized variables
Study on the Fecundity and Gonado somatic index of Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1817) of southern coast of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Bhendarkar Mukesh P. , Rathod Rajiv H. , Joshi Harshavardhan D. , Sahoo Upasana
Published: April 2018

Investigation of fecundity and gonado somatic index (GSI) of Rastrelliger kanagurta were carried out from March 2011 to February 2012. Fecundity was determined at different length, weight and ovary ranges of different individual fishes. Study revealed that at 5% significant level significant average absolute fecundity was found to be 1,08,266 and relative fecundity ranged from 407 to 1499. The number of ova generally increased with increase in length and weight. However, variations in fecundity with respect to length and weight were also noticed. The gonado-somatic index (GSI) was calculated for each individual fish (592 numbers) and was averaged for each month. The average GSI values were plotted against each month to analysed monthly variations. GSI showed wide variations between sex and it was highest for both males and females during the month of April and September, showing occurrence of more ripe individuals. Analysis of regression showed that there were significant relationship between the fecundity with the fish length, body weight and ovary weight.
A study on livelihood activities followed by the male rural youths in flood affected Dhemaji district of Assam state of India
Authors: Kakoty Madhu , Barman Utpal , Saikia Shyamolima
Published: April 2018

The study was conducted at flood affected Dhemaji district of Assam where the flood is a major concern for the livelihood of rural male youth. The paper focused on existing livelihood activities opted by of rural male youths, their reason for choosing the activities and problems encountered in doing it. To date, no study has looked specifically at all the three aspects. The present study together investigated all the three elements. The study selected 200 rural male youths from the district as respondents following multistage random sampling. The survey found the mean age of the respondents as 28.83 years. The study found that the respondents opted 17 types of livelihood activities. Most (25.50%) of the interviewees chose sali rice cultivation, and they (100.00%) cited the availability of suitable land as a reason. Under vegetable cultivation, 96.07% respondents mentioned scope for round the year production and income generation as reasons. The respondents opted piggery(100.00%), poultry (100.00%), weaving (100.00%), dairy (92.85%), goatery (91.66%) and fishery (90.00%) mentioned high market demand as a reason. Regarding the problem, all respondents (100.00%) opting sali rice cultivation and vegetable cultivation reported flood, flood-induced sand and insufficient irrigation as problems. The high price of improved livestock breed was an issue for respondents (100.00%) opting dairy, poultry, and piggery. In fishery, 80.00% respondents mentioned nonavailability of quality fingerlings as a problem. The paper urges the policy makers, researchers and development organisations for utilising the findings to select appropriate interventions for providing livelihood security to male rural youths of Dhemaji district of Assam State, India.
Penicillum oxalicum spg1: A novel entomopathogenic fungus isolated from mummified Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) of cotton
Authors: Kataria Sanjeev Kumar , Singh Paramjit , Pandove Gulab , Kalia Anu , Chandi Ravinder Singh
Published: April 2018

Whitefly has assumed the status of a serious pest of cotton in north India in recent past due to its severe attack on cotton crop. The productivity of cotton crop has fallen substantially from 574 kg ha-1 of lint in the year 2014 -15 to 197 kg ha-1 in the year 2015-16 in Punjab. During extensive epidemiological surveillance of whitefly on cotton crop in the month of September 2016, mummified whiteflies with fungus were noticed on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces of leaves of the infested cotton plant at village, Mandi Khurd, Mansa District of Punjab, India and at Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda, India. The fungus was isolated and purified from the mummified white fly and characterized at molecular level by sequencing 633 bp D2 region of Large Subunit (LSU) rRNA gene and identified as Penicillium oxalicum spg1. The gene sequence has been submitted to NCBI, USA with accession no. KY214238. The microscopic studies (stereo- and scanning electron) of the cotton leaves with mummified whitefly further strengthen the entomopathogenic potential of P. oxalicum spg1. There are few reports of entomopathogenic potential of P. oxalicum spg1 against other insects and pests. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and identification of P. oxalicum spg1 from mummified white fly. It’s potential as a biocontrol agent against white fly can be exploited in a promising way with nominal interference with biological equilibrium.
Effect of leaf powder of giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) in fish feed on survival and growth of post larvae of Catla catla
Authors: Upreti Parul , Chauhan R.S.
Published: April 2018

The study was designed to evaluate the effect of leaf powder of Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) in fish feed on survival and growth of post larvae of Catla catla. The experiment consisted of five treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) in triplicate. The artificial feed was prepared from de-oiled groundnut cake (49.5%), de-oiled rice bran (49.5%) and vitamin – mineral mixture (1%). The leaf powder of giloy was incorporated into larval feed at various rates. In treatment T1 (control), no leaf powder was incorporated in the feed. In T2, T3, T4 and T5 leaf powder was mixed at the rate of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1%, respectively. One hundred post larvae of C. catla of uniform size (7.3 mm length, 1.5 mg weight) were stocked in each of 5×3=15 tanks. The larvae were fed twice in a day. The water quality parameters were regularly monitored. The survival rate of post larvae in T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were recorded as 95.3, 94.3, 97.0, 98.6 and 100%, respectively. Post larvae fed with diet incorporated with 1% leaf powder achieved significantly enhanced (P< 0.05) specific growth rate (6.97%), feed conversion ratio (2.41) and gross conversion efficiency (0.415). The study revealed that giloy leaf powder has very good growth promoting potential in raising post larvae of carp. Thus, it is recommended that the leaf powder of giloy may be incorporated in fish feed upto 1% for enhancing growth and survival of post larvae of carp fishes up to fry stage.
Influence of varied crop residues and green biomass composts to rabi sorghum growing soils on uptake of major nutrients, microbial biomass and soil fertility status
Authors: Ambadi Ashwini , Krishnamurty D. , Rao Sathyanaran , Desai B. K. , Ravi M.V. , Shubha S.
Published: April 2018

A field experiment was conducted on vertisols (pH of 7.56 with organic carbon content of 0.55%) at Re- search Institute on Organic Farming, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur coming under northern Karnataka during rabi season of 2015-16 to study the Influence of varied crop residues and green biomass composts to rabi sorghum growing soils on uptake of major nutrients, organic carbon and soil fertility status. In general application of Cotton stalks, Redgram stalks, Glyricidia, combination of cotton and redgram stalks composts, FYM and combina- tion of organic and inorganic fertilizers helped to buildup soil nutrients with respect to organic carbon, available nitro- gen and phosphorus. Significantly higher nitrogen (227.3 kg ha-1), phosphorous (75.7 kg ha-1) and potassium (141.7 kg ha-1) uptake by rabi sorghum was recorded with combined application of recommended FYM (3 t ha-1) and NP fertilizers (50:25 kg N, P2O5 ha-1) (T14) followed by Cotton stalks +Redgram stalks + Glyricidia sp. with C:N ratio of 30:1 compost @ 50 kg N equivalent (T12: 222.0, 74.0 and 132.3 kg ha-1). The least uptake was recorded with abso- lute control (T15: 127.0, 42.0 and 71.7 kg ha-1). Similar trend was observed with organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus. Combined application of recommended FYM (3 t ha-1) and NP fertilizers (50:25 kg N, P2O5 ha-1) followed by Cotton stalks +Redgram stalks + Glyricidia sp. with C:N ratio of 30:1 compost @ 50 kg N equivalent at the time of sowing recorded higher major nutrients uptake, microbial biomass and soil fertility status.
Effect of sowing methods, nutrients and seed rate on mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) growth, productivity and water-use efficiency
Authors: Ram Hari , Singh Guriqbal , Aggarwal Navneet , Sekhon H. S.
Published: April 2018

A experiment comprising of 18 treatments i.e. two sowing methods (flat bed - 30 cm spacing, and raisedbed with two mungbean (Vigna radiata) rows bed–1 on 67.5 cm including 30 cm furrow), three seed rates (10, 15 and 20 kg ha–1 ) and three nutrient treatments (6.25 + 20.0, 9.38 + 30.0 and 12.5 + 40.0 kg N+P2O5 ha–1 ) was conducted at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India during kharif 2007 to 2009. The mungbean grain yield recorded in 2008 was similar in 2009 but higher than 2007. The increase of 3.94% in grain yield was recorded in raised-bed than in flat bed. The grain yield recorded with seed rate of 20 kg ha–1 was higher than with 10 kg ha–1 but similar with 15 kg ha-1 in 2006 and 2008. The grain yield recorded with 12.5 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha–1 was higher (p<0.05) than other treatments. Raised-bed planting with 33.3% lesser irrigation water used recorded 3.91% lesser water use than flat bed planting and 9.77% higher water use efficiency (WUE) (p<0.05) as compared to flat bed planting. Seed rate of 20 kg ha–1 recorded 35.9 and 8.9% higher (p<0.05) WUE than with 10 and 15 kg ha-1 . The highest WUE was recorded with 12.5 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha–1 which was higher (p<0.05) than 6.25 kg N + 20 kg P2O5 ha–1 but at par with 9.38 kg N + 24 kg P2O5 ha–1 .
Performance evaluation of Border irrigation method for cotton field
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Jhorar R. K. , Kumar Sanjay , Kumar Narender
Published: April 2018

Performance evaluation of Border irrigation method was carried out for cotton field in village Kirarkot, Sirsa (Haryana). Water application, storage and distribution efficiency were estimated using measurements of soil moisture (%), infiltration rate (cm/hr), water advance and recession time (minute) during different irrigation events. The advance time increased during the growing season due to increased infiltration rate and increased resistance to flow by the growing crops. The water application efficiency of cotton field was 100 per cent as average applied depth (8.26 cm for canal irrigation and 9.06 cm for tubewell irrigation) of irrigation was less than the average required depth (10.30 cm for canal irrigation and 10.98 cm for tubewell irrigation) throughout the field plots. The observed water storage efficiency in different cotton fields varied from 72.92 - 90.08 per cent indicating under irrigation. Water distribution efficiency of cotton fields (97.8 -99.2per cent) indicated a relatively high degree of uniformity of water application. Stratified soil profile (sandy loam: 0-30 cm and sandy clay loam: 30-120 cm) of the selected fields reduced the infiltration rate to relatively very low value after 10-15 minutes creating favourable condition for uniformity of water application under border irrigation.
Effect of integrated nitrogen management on NPK uptake in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Gill P. K. , Aulakh C. S.
Published: April 2018

A field experiment entitled NPK uptake influenced by integrated nitrogen management in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during kharif 2010. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with 13 treatment combinations of chemical fertilizer, green manuring (GM) with Crotalaria juncea, farmyard manure (FYM) and organic preparations [OP (Jeevamrit and Panchagavya)] in four replications. The highest grain yield (34.9±0.54 q ha-1 ) was obtained with combined application of FYM and 50 per cent of recommended nitrogen (RN) followed by GM+FYM+OP (33.7 q ha-1 ) and GM+FYM (33.4±0.99 q ha-1 ). Straw yield (63.1 q ha-1 ) increased significantly (P<0.01) in treatment where FYM combined with 50 per cent of RN was applied. Among different nitrogen management treatments, the maximum N, P and K uptake in grain and straw were observed under treatment T8 (FYM +50 per cent of RN) viz. integrated nitrogen treatment followed by T11 (GM+FYM+OP) and T9 (GM+FYM). Thus, combined application of FYM @ 19.76 t ha-1- with reduced fertilizer dose (50 % of RN) increased the yield and NPK uptake in basmati rice.
A smart precision plant protection technique based upon information and communication technologies for field crops in India for wide-area implementation
Authors: Singh Surender Kumar
Published: April 2018

A smart and modern technique based upon information and communication technology (ICT) was conceptualized and developed. It facilitates pests’ information collection timely, its fast processing and planning with quickly implementable options - to manage biotic stresses on field crops on large-scale area basis. The pest mapping in field crops (paddy, cotton) in different agro-ecosystems of India was done based on using Geographic Information System (GIS) Arc-info package. To fast track the decision-making, its mass communication to farming community, an exhaustive e-database of plant protection measures as recommended by different agencies in the country for different field crops viz., cereal crops, oilseed crops, pulses, fibre crops, sugar crops, fodder crops etc. - had also been prepared and digitized. The outcome and benefits of this technique had been analyzed and findings - that demonstrate the benefits of using the proposed architecture are also detailed.
Response surface optimization for development of Dragon fruit based ready to serve drink
Authors: Jalgaonkar Kirti , Mahawar Manoj Kumar , Kale Sakharam , Kale Prerna Nath , Bibwe Bhushan , Dukare Ajinath , Kannaujia Pankaj , Meena Vijay Singh
Published: April 2018

Dragon fruit based ready to serve drink (RTS) was formulated using dragon fruit (60-80% v/v), grape juice (0-10% v/v) and sugar syrup (2-6% v/v). The juice concentrations were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) following box-behnken design (BBD) for obtaining blended RTS drink with higher functional and nutritional characteristics like total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, total phenol content, colour and sensory evaluation. Results showed that there was significant (P<0.01) effect of incorporating grape juice and sugar syrup which further improved the organoleptic properties of the blended RTS.Optimum juice percentages obtained for the best blend formulation were,dragon fruit (70%), grape juice (5%) and sugar syrup (3%), respectively. The beverage was observed to be acceptable in terms of its nutritional value and overall acceptability.
Effect of extraction methods on physicochemical, nutritional, antinutritional, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seed kernel oil
Authors: Dinesha B. L. , Nidoni Udaykumar , Ramachandra C. T. , Naik Nagaraj , Sankalpa K.B.
Published: April 2018

The effect of three different extraction methods, namely supercritical CO2, soxhlet and solvent methods on the yield, efficiency, physico-chemical properties, nutritional, anti-nutritional composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) seed kernel oil was investigated in this study. Oil extraction for SC-CO2 were 37.76 g/100g and 98.43%, observed to be higher than those of soxhlet extraction (29.12 g/100g and 76.29%), and significantly lower than solvent extraction (22.12 g/100g and 57.99%). The physico-chemical composition of the oils showed considerable variation among the extraction methods. The SC-CO2 extracted oil was found to be of superior quality, showing negligible thermal degradation and exhibited significantly (p<0.01) higher nutritional and antioxidant activity and lower anti-nutritional composition than the soxhlet and solvent extracted oils. Oils produced by SC-CO2 and soxhlet extraction methods had antimicrobial activities higher than solvent extracted oil. SCCO2 extracted oil was found to have maximum number of bioactive compounds (14 compounds) followed by solvent (8 compounds) and soxhlet (4 compounds) extracted oil. The results of the study demonstrated that SC-CO2 would be a promising process for the extraction of moringa seed kernel oil of premium quality.
Effect of nitrogen and sulphur nutrition on storage protein quality in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]
Authors: Sharma A. , Sharma S.
Published: April 2018

The relative availabilities of nitrogen and sulphur can modulate seed storage protein composition in grain legumes and cereals. Soybean contains two major seed storage proteins, glycinins and ?-conglycinins that account for approximately 70% of total protein and their composition is affected by nitrogen and sulphur supplies. The present study demonstrated the effect of sulphur (Gypsum @ 20 kg S ha-1 ) and recommended a dose of nitrogen (Urea @ 31.25 kg N ha-1 ) alone or in combination on accumulation patterns of various protein fractions and protein quality in soybean seeds under agro-climatic conditions of Punjab. Application of nitrogen or sulphur alone decreased the relative proportion of ?-subunit of purified ?-conglycinin fraction than control. The acidic polypeptides of glycinin fraction of globulin and 11S/7S ratio were increased in all the treatments in comparison to control, and the maximum increase was reported in the combined application of gypsum with the recommended dose of urea. The lower proportion of total 7S, increased acidic polypeptides and improved 11S:7S ratio by combined treatment of nitrogen and sulphur suggests that gypsum @ 20 kg S ha-1 can be beneficial when applied along the recommended nitrogen dose to improve soybean protein quality.
Nutritional, microbial and sensory quality evaluation of fermented Puntius sophore Hamilton, 1822 (Puthi shidal) marketed in North-east India
Authors: Kakati Bipul Kumar , Sarma Pranjyoti , Ahmed Sarifuddin , Goswami Umesh Ch.
Published: April 2018

Biochemical, microbiological and sensory qualities of Puthi shidal from the markets of North-east India were studied. Puthi shidal was found as a good source of protein (38.35%). Its pH and moisture content was found to be 6.1 and 33.44%, respectively. It was rich in lysine (11.8±1.9 g 100g-1 ) among essential amino acids, whereas glutamic acid was the highest (21.4±3.6 g 100g-1 ) in non-essential amino acids group. The major saturated fatty acids were palmitic acid (14.0±1.5 mole %) and stearic acid (17.0±2.3 mole %). The oleic acid (19.1±1.5 mole%) was the prominent monounsaturated fatty acid. The dominant polyunsaturated fatty acids were of the n-6 series. The major polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) found chiefly in linoleic acid (11.0±1.4 mole %) in the sample. The microbial load (log cfu/g) of Puthi Shidal comprised of total plate count (5.4±0.35), Staphylococcus aureus (2.4±0.30) and Streptococcus spp. (1.1±0.1), indicating unhygienic handling practices during preparation and storage. The physicochemical analysis i.e. total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) (116.20 mg%), non protein nitrogen (NPN) (2.50%), peroxide value (PV) (39.12 milliequivalent O2/g of fat), free fatty acids (FFA) (64.50% as oleic acid) and overall acceptability (6.9±0.59) revealed that the product was of acceptable quality. Though the product was found to have high nutritional value, strict hygienic measures should be adopted right from the preparation of raw materials, processing methods and during storage, in order to safeguard the health of the consumers.
Effect of different shading intensities on growth and yield of cherry tomato
Authors: Argade M. B. , Kadam J. H. , Garande V. K. , Patgaonkar D. R. , Patil V. S. , Sonawane P. N.
Published: April 2018

Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicon var cerasiforme) is small size fruits, with a bright red colour resembling to cherry and becoming popular in the retail chains which are marketed at a premium price. The field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different (35, 50 and 75 per cent) shading intensities on growth and yield (qha-1 ) of cherry tomato. Significantly maximum yield was recorded in 35 per cent shading intensity and genotype Kalash Seeds Product (KSP)-113 (579.44 and 503.88 q ha-1 , respectively). Among the different shading intensities and genotypes, maximum plant height was observed in 75 per cent shading intensity and genotype KSP -113 at 30 days interval (74.70 and 60.95 cm, respectively). The minimum days to 50% flowering of cherry tomato were observed in cherry tomatoes grown under 35 per cent shading intensity (45.00 days) as compared to other shading intensities while minimum days to 50% flowering were observed in genotype KSP-113 (44.00 days). The maximum length of the cluster (9.58 cm), the weight of cluster (27.67 g), number of fruits per cluster (9.42) and number of pickings (11.67) were observed in 35 per cent shading intensities and in genotype KSP-113. The cultivation of KSP-113 genotype under 35 per cent shading intensity was found to be most sustainable for improving growth and yield of cherry tomato during the summer season.
A review on bioremediation of pulp and paper mill effluent – An alternative to conventional remedial technologies
Authors: Madan Sangeeta , Sachan Preeti , Singh Utkarsh
Published: April 2018

At present, a large amount of water required for paper production and various chemicals has been identified in effluents, which is produced at different steps of paper making in paper mills. The pulp and paper industry is typically related to pollution difficulties related to high biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), colour, suspended solids, lignin and chlorinated compounds. Several studies have been made on eliminate these difficulties of pulp and paper effluents, the problem still continues. Although the physical and chemical methods are on the track of treatment, they are not on par with biological treatment because of cost ineffectiveness and residual effects. The biological treatment is known to be effective in reducing the organic load and toxic effects of paper mill effluents. Some microorganisms including bacteria and fungi have been involved in degrading the chemicals present in pulp and paper mill effluent. This article is an overview of the attempts made by several researchers worldwide to use biotechnological methods for degradation of the toxic compounds present in pulp and paper mill effluents by using fungi, bacteria, algae and enzymes. The current study clearly shows that application of native dominant bacterial and fungal isolates may be used forthe treatment of large pulp and paper mills effluents.
Effect of land management practices on soil moisture storage characteristics
Authors: Chawala Karittika , Kahlon Meharban Singh
Published: April 2018

A field study was conducted to evaluate moisture storage in soil profile under four tillage-residue management practices namely conventional tillage, no-tillage without residue, no-tillage with residue and deep tillage along with three irrigation regime based on IW/PAN-E ratio 1.2, 0.9 and 0.6 in maize with three replications in split plot design. Significant differences were observed in steady state infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration among different land management practices with maximum value in deep tillage (4.9 cm hr-1 and 33.1 cm) followed by no tillage with residue (4.1cm hr-1 and 28.6 cm), no tillage without residue (4.0 cm hr-1 and 23.0 cm) and conventional tillage (2.8 cm hr-1 and 19.4 cm), respectively. The highest mean weight diameter and water stable aggregates were found under no tillage with residue (0.64 mm and 49.7%) and lowest under deep tillage (0.3 mm and 21.8%), respectively. Higher volumetric soil water content and soil profile moisture storage were recorded under no tillage with residue at different days after sowing. Among different tillage-residue management practices, maximum leaf area index and relative leaf water content were observed in no-tillage with residue. Under moisture stress conditions, no-tillage with residue retention was suitable land management option for reducing evaporation losses and enhancing moisture storage in the soil profile.
Lifestyle diseases and effects of the treatment expenditure on family finances
Authors: Pavani N. , Ratnakumari D.
Published: April 2018

Health is among the basic capabilities that give value to human life. Good health is a prerequisite to successful human endeavor and core to financial growth and activity. The lifestyle diseases are associated with the way a person or group of people lives. Irregular food habits, physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyles, tobacco, alcohol, high intake of salts and low intake of fruits and vegetables, causes lifestyle diseases. This study was focused on framing the effects of the lifestyle disease treatment’s expenditure on the family finances. A survey of 120 respondents in Hyderabad and Secunderabad cities was conducted. Some of the effects mentioned by the respondents were “Inability to meet daily needs, incapable of meeting specific needs (newspaper, internet connection, etc.), fiddle with the amount spent for entertainment, kill the amount spent for family shopping, trim down the amount spent on educational activities of children, negotiate with children’s needs, helpless to save for the future planning of the family, inept to pay insurance policies, obtain loan in order to meet the treatment costs, sell assets to meet the treatment expenditure. ”Statistical analysis was carried out by using chi- square tests. The study found that 49% of the families were unable to meet daily needs,54% of them negotiated with children’s needs, 65% of them were helpless to save for the family’s future. The result showed significant association between family finances and the cost of lifestyle disease treatment expenditures based on income levels.
Effects of different doses of pig dung on the growth performance of Catla, Catlacatla (Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Deka Parag Mani , Tamuli Krishna Kanta , Dutta Manas Pratim , Phukan Bipul , Baishya Sangipran
Published: April 2018

The experiment was carried out to study the effects of different doses of pig dung on the growth rate of Catlacatla during the summer season. Rate of application of pig dung doses were 10000 kgha-1 yr-1 ,15000 kgha-1 yr-1 , 20000 kgha-1 yr-1 and 25000 kgha-1 yr-1 . The experiment was carried out in a Completely Randomized Block Design. There were four replicates for each treatment where pig dung was applied at 10000 kgha-1 yr-1 (T1), 15000 kgha-1 yr-1 (T2), 20000 kgha-1 yr-1 (T3) and 25000 kgha-1 yr-1 (T4) and control. The control pond did not receive pig dung. After 10 days of application of pig dung, Catla was stocked at the rate of 8,000 nos./ha in the fish ponds. Sampling was done at 15 days interval to study the growth rate and health status of the fishes. At the end of 3 months period, the fishes were harvested, and the performance of growth, survival and total production was recorded viz. 72.92±6.41g.The results of the study clearly indicated that in the indirect integration system of pig-fish farming, where fresh pig dung contains 0.61% nitrogen, 0.50% phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P), the dung load of 20000 kgha-1 yr-1 is optimum for satisfactory growth of catla, which yield an average production of 5354.00 kgha-1 yr-1 .
Evaluation of new insecticide molecules for their effectiveness in the management of sugarcane early shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Snellen)
Authors: Umashankar H.G. , Patel V.N. , Nagaraja T. , Vijaykumar L. , Sugeetha S.
Published: April 2018

An experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, V.C farm, Mandya (Karnataka), India during 2015, to assess the chemical control of sugarcane early shoot borer (Chilo infuscatellus). Nine insecticides namely, Fipronil 0.3G, Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC, Spinosad 45SC, Flubendiamide 39.35SC, Cartap hydrochloride 4G, Phorate 10G, Carbofuran 3G, Chlorpyriphos 20EC, and compared with untreated (Check plot)using randomized block design with three replications. Significant differences were noticed among the treatments. Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G recorded lowest cumulative incidence (2.79 %) and highest per cent reduction over the control (85.78 %) which was followed by Cartap hydrochloride 4G (5.37% and 72.65%), Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC (5.95% and 75.62%), Flubendiamide 39.35SC (6.64% and 66.19%) and Fipronil 0.3G (6.83% and 65.22%) were found significantly superior in reducing the cumulative incidence of C. infuscatellus.In Co 86032 Cartap hydrochloride 4G was found to be the best insecticide in getting a highest cost benefit ratio (1:12.39). Other insecticides such as Fipronil 0.3G (1:8.84), Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G (1:6.96), Flubendiamide 39.35SC (1:5.42) and Spinosad 45SC (1:4.16) have also recorded better cost benefit ratio. Since Cartap hydrochloride 4G does not have crop label so we can recommend Fipronil 0.3G or Chlorantraniliprole 0.4G for the management of sugarcane early shoot borer.
Stability analysis for grain yield and some quality traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.
Authors: Singh Charan , Srivastava Puja , Sharma Achla , Kumar Pradeep , Chhuneja Praveen , Sohu V.S. , Bains N.S.
Published: April 2018

The present study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity and stability for grain yield (GY), 1000- grain weight (TGW), protein content (PC), grain iron (Fe) and grain zinc (Zn) concentration under three varied environmental locations using 28 diverse wheat genotypes (including three checks i.e., WH1105, DPW621-50, and HD2967 ). The material was sown at three locations during Rabi 2015-2016. Pooled analysis of variance revealed highly significant variance due to environments for all the traits studied indicating differential response of the genotypes. The genotype BWL 3584 exhibited stable performance across the environments for grain yield and grain zinc concentration under un-favorable environment also shows potential for high grain yield and high grain zinc concentration. After further confirmation, genotype BWL 3584 could be utilized as potential donor in hybridization programme to improve grain yield and grain zinc concentration. Further, genotype SABW 225 showed consistent performance across the environments for TGW and PC content. Whereas, PBW 744 was found to be suitable for GY (6142 kg/ha), coupled with PC (12.09%) and Zn (52.18ppm) across the locations followed by PBW 725 (6094, 12.26 and 46.96) and BWL 3584 (5219, 12.63 and 50.23) GY, PC and Grain Zn, respectively)and BWL 3584 (5219, 12.63 and 50.23) could be utilized as a donor in routine breeding programme to improve grain yield and quality traits in bread wheat.
Evaluation of different wheat cultivars under salinity stress
Authors: Sandhu Balkaran Singh , Dhaliwal Nirmaljit Singh
Published: April 2018

A field experiment was conducted to study the response of different 11 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars under saline condition and by applying saline irrigation water during rabi 2016-17 at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sri Muktsar Sahib (Punjab). Experiment site was chosen with high salinity condition (EC=1.87 dS/m) to check the response of particular cultivars in these conditions. The field was only irrigated with tube well water having very high EC (4630 micro mhos/cm). Results showed that the grain yield was recorded higher in KH 65 (5648 kg/ha), KRL 210 (5440 kg/ha), KRL 386 (5290 kg/ha) and DBW 246 (5048 kg/ha) as compared to lower grain yield recorded with KRL 384 (4353 kg/ha), KRL 19 (4423 kg/ha), KRL 370 (4538 kg/ha), DBW 248 (4608 kg/ha),WH 1316 (4838 kg/ha), DBW 247 (4860 kg/ha) and KRL 377 (4895 kg/ha). The experimental site was slightly saline in nature, so the cultivar KH 65, KRL 210, KRL 386 and DBW 246 are very suitable for the area as these were less affected due to salinity. Grain yield among these varieties were higher due higher number of effective tiller per unit area and due to large number of grains per ear. Whereas, KH 65, KRL 377 and KRL 386 also produced significantly higher straw yield from WH 1316, DBW 248, DBW 247, KRL 210, KRL 384, DBW 246, KRL 370 and KRL 19.
Evaluation of the ecological state of the major streams located in Doon valley using diatoms as indicators
Authors: Singh Rajbeer , Nautiyal Prakash , Nautiyal Rachana
Published: April 2018

Biological communities reflect overall ecological integrity (i.e. chemical, physical and biological integrity). Since the diatom species exhibit variation in tolerances to physical and chemical change in water, they are excellent indicators changes in their environment. Based on the dominant categories for each characteristic, the ecological state of the stream can be determined. This study evaluates the ecological state of the streams in Doon Valley. The diatom samples collected at regular monthly intervals from the twelve streams located in the eastern and western Doon were treated with acid-peroxide and mounted in Naphrax for species count at x1500. About 250-300 valves of diatom species were counted and Van Dam ecologic values were computed by OMNIDIA ver. 5.3. pH was alkaliphilous (4), salinity - fresh brackish (2) and oxygenation - continuously high (1) for most of the streams. Saprobity and trophic status was largely ?-mesosaprobous (2) and eutraphentic (5), respectively. The Leclercq index also shows non-existent (<10%) to low (10-20%) organic pollution, degradation (IDSE=3.5-3.0) and moderate anthropogenic eutrophication (20.1-45%) in most of the streams attributed to urbanization stress (62 MLD sewage). The water quality based on indices; IBD (Indice biologique diatomèes), IPS (Indice de polluo-sensibilite) and TDI (Trophic Diatom Index) showed the moderate water quality in the streams of the Valley. Like EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD) India should also have the objective to ensure ecosystem integrity through bio-assessment and not just mere pollution control.
Quantitative analysis, distributional pattern and species diversity of woody plant species of Lamberi Forest Range, Rajouri, J&K, India
Authors: Sharma Jyoti , Raina Anil K.
Published: April 2018

Quantitative analysis, distributional pattern and species diversity of woody plant species of Lamberi Range of Rajouri Forest division, J&K, has been carried out by laying 50 quadrats (10m X 10m size) for trees and 100 quadrats (5m X 5m size) for shrubs. Various phytosociological parameters like frequency, density, abundance, importance value index IVI and diversity indices for trees and shrubs has been used to reveal the plant community structure of the area. The abundance to frequency ratio (A/F) for different species was determined to assess the distribution pattern of the species (regular <0.025, random 0.025-0.05 and contagious >0.05) which indicated the contagious distribution for all the species. Survey of the area revealed presence of 63 woody plant species from the study area comprising of 43 trees and 20 shrubs. Pinus roxburghii (IVI 49.7, Abundance 81.1) and Carissa opaca (IVI 81.12 abundance 7.05) have been recorded as the dominant tree and shrub, respectively, of the area. The computation of diversity indices showed that species richness and evenness i.e Shannon- Weiner’s, Margalef’s and Menhinick’s remained high for trees and low for shrubs. Simpson’s index of dominance was also high for trees. Species which needs priorities for conservation and protection and also required to be monitored have also been highlighted.
Effects of acclimation on the haematological indices of different groups of fresh water teleosts
Authors: George K. Roy , Malini N. A. , Rajasree D.
Published: April 2018

Hematological parameters have been recognized as valuable tools for monitoring fish health. The aim of the present study was to obtain a basic knowledge of the hematological responses of different groups of fresh water teleosts during acclimation period. Haematological analysis was carried out in three different groups of teleosts namely Group I: Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes), Group II: Anabas testudineus and Channa striatus (Perciformes), Group III: Labeo rohita and Cyprinus carpio (Cypriniformes). In all groups of teleosts, RBC and Hb were significantly (p<0.05) decreased after 7 days of captivity in response to stress factors raised in capture, handling and sampling procedure. WBC was found to be significantly (p<0.05) increased in group I (Siluriformes), group II (Perciformes) and group III (Cypriniformes) of teleosts after 7 days of captivity due to enhanced production of leucocytes in the hematopoietic tissue of the kidney and the spleen. RBC count and WBC count were found to be higher in H. fossilis and C. gariepinus than other groups of teleosts due to their active predacious nature. Hb values were high in 2nd group (Perciformes) consisting of A. testudineus and C. striatus by virtue of their possessions of accessory respiratory organs. PCV, MCV and MCHC were significantly (p<0.05) increased in three groups of teleosts during acclimation and values were high in second group of consisting of A. testudineus and C. striatus. MCH was higher in 3rd group of fishes consisting of L. rohita and C. carpio.