bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of Hypertension in Patients with COVID-19: Implication of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Authors: Jia Guang-Hong , Sowers James R.
Published: December 2021

The global coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an unprecedented, global public health crisis. Epidemiological studies showed that hypertension is a frequent comorbidity, as well as an independent prognostic risk factor in patients with COVID-19. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and thus essential for viral entry into human cells. This review summarizes the recent findings of epidemiology of hypertension in COVID-19 patients and highlights the critical role of ACE2. We also review the impact of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and arterial stiffness in promoting hypertension and cardiovascular disease in COVID-19 patients. This review also discusses therapeutic strategies for managing hypertension in patients with COVID-19, with particular emphasis on ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers.
Re-visit the Concept of M1 versus M2 Phenotypes of BV2 Microglia and Test Their Effects on Stroke Outcome in Mice
Authors: Yan Dong-Mei , Zhang Yong-Ming , Ji Yu-Hua , Wang Tao , Xiong Xiao-Xing , Zhao Heng
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Backgrounds:

Whether there are distinctive macrophage functional phenotypes of M1 versus M2 has been debated. We re-examined them by studying M1/M2 gene and protein expressions in cultured BV2 microglial cells and their effects on stroke outcomes in vivo.

Methods:

BV2 microglia cells were cultured and polarized with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) to produce M (LPS) and M (IL-4) phenotypes, which were originally defined as M1 and M2 phenotypes, respectively. Typical M1 and M2 gene or protein expression patterns were analyzed in M (LPS) and M (IL-4) phenotypes and their distinctive effects on stroke outcomes were compared.

Results:

M (LPS) and M (IL-4) had distinctive morphologies. M (IL-4) had significantly higher gene expressions of the typical M2 markers and other anti-inflammatory genes, while M (LPS) had higher gene expression of typical M1 markers and other pro-inflammatory genes. Nevertheless, M2 gene expressions were also enhanced in M (LPS), and M1 gene expressions were increased in M (IL-4), although with relatively lower levels. Adoptive transfer of M (IL-4) reduced infarction and improved neurological scores, while M (LPS) macrophages generated the opposite effect. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and confocal studies suggest that M (IL-4) inhibited, while M (LPS) promoted the infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages and iNOS-positive cells.

Conclusions:

M (LPS) and M (IL-4) from cultured BV2 cells indeed are distinctive functional phenotypes, but it is inaccurate to simply classify them into M1 and M2 phenotypes based on a few typical gene and protein markers.
Clinical and Cytomorphological Patterns of Granulomatous Inflammation and its Correlation with Ziehl–Neelsen Staining
Authors: Bohara Sangita , Das Rumpa , Tripathi Neeraj , Verma Lawanya
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in India, and extrapulmonary cases from the lymph nodes account for one-fifth of the overall disease burden. TB is known for its varied clinical presentations as well as different sites (organs) of involvement. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays an important role in diagnosing a significant number of cases which present as granulomatous lesions. Here, we study the cytomorphological and clinical presentation of swellings showing granulomatous pattern of inflammation and correlate them with acid-fast bacilli (AFB) positivity.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective study of 3-years duration was done from January 2018 to December 2020 in a tertiary care hospital. Slides of 356 cases showing epithelioid granulomas on cytology were taken out. The clinical data were collected from patient requisition forms. All the available clinical and cytological findings were recorded. The slides were re-examined and characterized into specific patterns of granulomatous inflammation on the basis of predominant background population of cells, necrosis, and hemorrhage. These were correlated with the presence of positive AFB staining on Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) stain. Chi-square test was used for comparison between groups and P < 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant.

Results:

The mean age of presentation was 25 years (ranging from 5 months to 75 years) with a slight female preponderance (male-to-female ratio being 0.9:1). The cervical lymph nodes were the most common site. The sites of presentation were varied. The aspirates were gray–white to blood mixed on gross and cytological examination in 186 cases (52.25%). On microscopy, the suppurative pattern was seen in 202 cases (56.74%) and necrosis was seen in 182 cases (51.12%). The AFB positivity on ZN staining was seen in 96 (26.96%) cases in FNAC smears. There was a significant association of positive AFB staining with younger age group (<25 years), larger sized swellings (>2 cm), fixed and matted swellings, longer duration of symptoms (>2 weeks), and absence of pain and fever. The whitish/purulent aspirates on gross examination as well as suppurative and necrotic patterns on cytomorphology on microscopic examination showed a highly significant positive correlation with AFB staining.

Conclusion:

The gross and microscopic patterns of suppuration and necrosis on FNAC in combination with clinical signs and symptoms are highly suggestive of TB. ZN staining on cytology smears is a very simple and useful investigation, especially in suppurative and necrotic patterns of cytology, for clinching an early diagnosis, which goes a long way in the management of tuberculosis.
COVID-19 and Obstetricians and Gynecologist
Authors: Anand Radhika , Najam Rehana
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Since its emergence, COVID 19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, turned out to be a health threat throughout the world. The degree of risk for the health-care workers who are dealing with the COVID-19 patients is uncertain. Questionnaire-based prospective cross-sectional study was done to assess the extent to which the Indian obstetrics and gynecology practice has been affected by the pandemic.

Materials and Methods:

From August to October 2020, 309 obstetricians (OBs) and gynecologists took part in the survey via Google forms. Impact on the present working scenario during the pandemic compared to the Pre-COVID era was evaluated. The categorical variables got illustrated through frequency (%). The association among the variables Chi-square test was utilized. Statistical significance was contemplated by the P < 0.05. Graphs were prepared using Google Sheets and Microsoft Excel 365.

Results:

There was drastic fall in parameters of obstetric practice. Over half of the OBs witnessed fall in outpatients over 90%. Significant association seen reduction in earnings with the sector, type of set-up, and duration of practice (P < 0.001) was found. Apprehension among the study group was present still majority 54.8% said that they were working voluntarily in this time of national crisis.

Conclusions:

This research indicates that the pandemic has entailed practice of obstetrics and gynecology in India. However, the smooth functioning was maintained due to the high degree of knowledge and preparedness among the doctors and the well-laid guidelines by the authorities.
Effectiveness of Standard Hand Hygiene Procedure versus Use of Hand Rub in Reducing Transient Bacterial Colony from Hands of Health Professionals Working in Critical Care Units
Authors: Pappachan Betcy , Sharma Anil , Patidar Anil Kumar
Published: December 2021

Introduction:

Hand sanitation is the key measure suggested to counteract and control the spread of pathogens within the hospital setup to safeguard the patients and health professionals from disease. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of two different hand hygiene measures (soap-water, hand rub) on the level of bacterial colony among healthcare personnel's hands.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 44 health care workers were equally divided into two groups using nonprobability convenient sampling technique from various critical care units and approach utilized was quasi-experimental design. Using Pretest posttest design 88 culture swabs were obtained from the hands of participants before and after handwashing with soap and water and hand rub respectively and sent to microbiology laboratory for further testing for the presence of transient bacterial colonies.

Results:

Paired t-test was used to compare between the two groups. It showed that the mean difference of hand rub group is greater than that of soap and water group (27.9 > 5.7). Paired t-test value is 2.3 and P = 0.028 (P < 0.05). Hence, it was considered statistically significant. Moreover, Fischer's exact test was used to find out the association between pre-interventional bacterial count with selected demographic variable (P > 0.05). Hence, it was considered statistically insignificant.

Conclusions:

Hand hygiene with hand rub is more effective than handwashing with soap and water in transient bacterial colony reduction from hands of health care personnel.
Human Dirofilariasis
Authors: Jacob Linta , Varghese Nevil , Menon Arjun G. , Vinayakumar Ariyamparambil R.
Published: December 2021

Dirofilariasis is an emerging parasitic infection caused by Dirofilaria spp., a parasite carried by domestic dogs, cats, and other wild animals. Humans become accidental dead end hosts when inoculated with microfilariae by blood sucking arthropods like mosquitoes. Subcutaneous dirofilariasis is an accidental human infection that presents as subcutaneous nodules in the body resulting from an inflammatory reaction in response to the infection. We report a case series of human dirofilariasis to highlight its increasing trend from a tertiary care hospital in Kerala, South India.
Diarrhea in renal transplant recipients – Retrospective observational study from a center in South India
Authors: Jyothindrakumar Jyothipriya , Dhanasekaran Rajasekar , Natarajan Gopalakrishnan , Thanigachalam Dinesh Kumar , Rajendran Padmaraj
Published: December 2021

Context:

Diarrhea is one of the important causes of morbidity and graft dysfunction in renal transplant recipients.

Aims:

We aimed to study the risk factors and causes of diarrhea in renal transplant recipients and to assess the impact of diarrhea on graft function.

Settings and Design:

This was a retrospective observational study.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of 912 renal allograft recipient records who underwent renal transplantation between January 2006 and June 2019 was performed. Patients with severe diarrhea requiring hospitalization were included. Investigations like stool microscopy including modified acid-fast stain and stool culture were performed.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Mean was calculated for normally distributed variables and median for not-normally distributed parameters. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Univariate analysis was done to assess risk factors for diarrhea.

Results:

There were a total of 618 diarrheal episodes in 149 (16.3%) patients. Significant risk factors were deceased donor renal transplantation (58 [39%]) (P = 0.00024), the use of induction immunosuppression (44 [29.5%]) (P = 0.0002), and antirejection therapy (ART) (60 [40.3%]) (P = 0.0034). Infectious cause was identified in 85 (57%) patients, and cytomegalovirus was the predominant agent. Entamoeba histolytica (16 [10.7%]) was the predominant protozoal etiology. Temporary graft dysfunction during diarrheal episode occurred in 67 (45%) patients.

Conclusions:

Diarrhea occurred in 16.3% of renal transplant recipients. Deceased donor source, the use of induction immunosuppression, and ART were significant risk factors. Infectious cause was identified in 57% of diarrheal episodes. Following diarrhea, permanent graft dysfunction occurred in 10.7% of patients.
Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease after Renal Transplantation - A Case Report
Authors: Kirushnan Balaji , Raju Balasubramaniyam , Kumaran Vadivel
Published: December 2021

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rarity after renal transplantation. Immunosuppressive therapy forms the cornerstone for the treatment of IBD. Ideally, IBD should not occur in this immunosuppressive state. However, local activation and dysregulation in the mucosal immune system has been proposed after tacrolimus and mycophenolate after renal transplantation. Our case report describes a very early-onset IBD after renal transplant which is hardly reported in literature.
Amyloidosis in a Renal Transplant Recipient
Authors: Bagai Sahil , Khullar Dinesh , Malik Vipra , Bansal Bhavna
Published: December 2021

Amyloidosis is an infiltrative disease where amyloid fibrils get deposited in the extracellular space. Inflammatory arthritis, chronic infections, and malignancies are some known etiologies. Liver is commonly involved in amyloidosis, more common in primary (AL) than secondary (AA) amyloidosis. It is a perplexing diagnosis as it usually presents with nonspecific symptoms and minimal laboratory derangements. In this study, the patient had ankylosing spondylitis as an existing risk factor, but renal cell carcinoma detected in the native kidneys after transplantation accelerated the liver decompensation. This case highlights the importance of excluding liver amyloidosis in patients of systemic amyloidosis as liver amyloidosis can be clinically silent pretransplantation.
Kidney Transplantation in Sensitized Patients
Authors: Acharya Shivnarayan J.
Published: December 2021

Dreaded complication of kidney transplantation in a sensitized patient is hyper-acute rejection immediately after vascular anastomosis. Although pretransplant complement-dependent cytotoxic cross match (CDC) has been the gold standard for many years, this assay is not perfect. The Luminex-based anti-HLA antibody detection assay is more sensitive and specific. While performing live-related kidney transplantation, luminex cross match is routinely performed but in a situation like deceased donor transplantation, in view of time constraints, we do CDC cross match and go ahead with transplantation if the result is negative (Cell lysis <10%). Here, we present two cases of deceased donor transplantation where CDC cross match was negative, based on this report, we went ahead with kidney transplantation but report of Luminex cross match turned out to be positive after the transplantation was already over. Both the recipients had the features of hyper acute rejection. One patient could be salvaged but the other lost the graft.
Clinical profile and role of C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase as prognostic marker and comparative efficacy of different pharmacotherapeutic agents in patients with cerebrovascular accident
Authors: Sharma Dibya Jyoti , Singha K. Jeenaleima , Das Karuna , Das Chandrama , Rakesh M
Published: December 2021

The current study was conducted to determine the role of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as prognostic-marker and outcomes of different pharmacotherapeutic agents among patients with cerebrovascular accident (CVA). A hospital-based observational study was conducted and patients with CVA admitted were included. Serum-CRP on admission correlated positively with modified Rankin score (mRS) (r = 0.9, P < 0.001) in ischemic stroke, whereas no correlation between serum LDH with mRS (r = 0.1, P = 0.5) was observed. Neither CRP nor LDH was helpful in predicting the outcome in hemorrhagic stroke. The use of Vitamin B12 was associated with favorable outcome in ischemic CVA cases and use of folic acid was associated with favorable outcome among hemorrhagic-CVA patients.
A preliminary study on urinary excretion patterns of methylprednisolone after oral and intra-articular administration and effect on endogenous glucocorticosteroids profile
Authors: Upadhyay Awanish Kumar , Dubey Sachin , Ahi Shobha , Beotra Alka , Bhardwaj Akhilesh , Shukla Sangeeta , Jain Shila
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:

The use of glucocorticosteroids (GCs) through oral, intravenous, intramuscular, or rectal routes is prohibited in sports. Its use is permitted through inhalation, topical and intra-articular route of administration. Methylprednisolone (MP) is available for use by different routes for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive purposes. To discriminate its intake by permitted & forbidden routes, a reporting level of 30 ng/ml is set by World Anti-Doping Agency. The aim of this study was to compare MP's excretion profile following oral & intra-articular administration & to evaluate its effect on endogenous GCs profile.

MATERIALS & METHODS:

The MP was administered through oral and intra-articular route to different patients & urine samples were collected up to 100 h. The urine samples were hydrolyzed, extracted, and analyzed on Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/MS.

RESULTS:

MP levels in urine exceeded the reporting limit of 30 ng/ml after oral (8 mg) and intra-articular administration (80 mg) routes. After oral intake (8 mg), MP levels exceeded the reporting level up to 24 h. However, after intra-articular injection (80 mg), the MP could be detected above the reporting level up to 80 h.

CONCLUSION:

The findings reveal that the MP can exceed the reporting level in urine even after administration by permitted route (i.a.). Further analysis of four endogenous GCs (Cortisol, Cortisone, TH Cortisone, and 11-deoxycortisol) showed a decreased excretion following administration of MP by oral & intra-articular routes.
A rare case of scrotal neoplasm-paratesticular liposarcoma
Authors: Sneha D. V. , Poral Sampath Kumar , Kiran C. M. , Marenika M. , Maunika Malla Ratan , Phinehas Emil
Published: December 2021

Paratesticular tumors are rare and account for 7% of intrascrotal neoplasms which generally present as painless inguinal or scrotal swelling. Around 200 cases of paratesticular liposarcoma cases have been reported worldwide. They are usually misdiagnosed before surgery. Incomplete treatment may lead to local recurrence. We report a rare case of paratesticular liposarcoma. A 65-year-old man presented with right scrotal painless swelling for 2 years and gradually increasing in size. On examination, swelling in the right inguinal scrotal region was cystic in consistency. Testicular tumor markers were normal. The patient underwent right high orchidectomy with tumor excision. Sample sent for biopsy. Histopathological study reveals paratesticular liposarcoma. The long-term survival is approximately 50% with a favorable prognosis.
Morphometric and topographic analysis of calvaria
Authors: Chigurupati Naga Jyothi , Sriambika K. , Muraleedharan Aparna , Gunasegaran J. P. , Devi Rema
Published: December 2021

Background:

The parietal foramina (PFs) are located on either side of the sagittal suture at the posterior aspect of the parietal bone. The part of the sagittal suture between the two PFs is called obelion because it resembles the Greek symbol % “obelos.” The PF transmits an emissary vein named Santorini vein which connects the extracranial veins to the superior sagittal sinus. The emissary veins are of clinical significance as they are involved in the pathway of spreading infection from the extracranial to the intracranial source. PF is of special interest to neuroanatomists and neurosurgeons due to its anatomical variations and surgical importance.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 111 dry human calvariae of unknown gender were included in the study. These human calvariae were observed for the presence or absence and also observed for the unilateral, bilateral, single, or multiple PFs. The foramina were macroscopically observed by using a magnifying lens, and a needle was probed into each foramen to check their patency. Topographical parameters were measured.

Results:

Out of 111 calvariae, a single parietal emissary foramen was observed in 63 (56.7%) on the right parietal bone, 67 (60.3%) on the left parietal bone, and absence of parietal emissary foramen on right parietal bone in 41 (36.9%) and 37 (33.3%) on the left parietal bone, bilateral absence in 23 (20.7%) of the parietal bones. The presence of parietal emissary foramen on the sagittal suture was observed in 2 (1.8%) of skulls and also noted the single, double, multiple PF in 56.7%, 2.7%, 1.8% and 60.3%, 4.5%, 0, respectively. The different shapes of PF that was observed were circle shape on the right side 69.3%, on the left 66.6%, slit shape on the right 0.9%, on the left 1.8%, oval shape on the right 2.7%, on the left 1.8%. Out of all parietal emissary foramen, bilateral PF was observed in 53 + single parietal foramen on right 63 + on left 67 + double on right 3 + on left 5 + multiple on right 3 = 247. Out of 247 PF, 8 were patent through and the connection was oblique. All the other foramina were found to open into the diploic space. For those foramina through and through patency could not be assessed. The distance between the PF, distance of PF and sagittal suture, distance from the bregma to obelion, distance from lambda to obelion were measured. The obtained results are tabulated.

Conclusion:

Parietal emissary veins are surgically important structures that receive little attention in scalp surgeries. These veins cause excessive bleeding if not located properly. The current study reports the anatomical variations in the PF which may serve as an important landmark to the neurosurgeon.
Kidney transplant and its outcomes
Authors: Banode Riteshkumar Krishnanarayan , Kimmatkar Piyush D. , Bawankule Charulata P. , Adamane Vandana P.
Published: December 2021

Background:

Kidney transplantation has become the treatment of choice for most patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, there is a remarkable disparity in the access and outcome of kidney transplant across the world. We present the clinical and survival data from the nephrology and kidney transplantation center for a period of 5 years in a cost-limited setting from Central India.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study of 66 kidney transplants performed in a single transplant center over a period of 5 years from 2016 to 2020. All data of recipients and donors were obtained from hospital records. Kaplan–Meier method was used for survival analysis.

Results:

Of 66 included patients, 86% were living donor and 14% were cadaveric kidney transplant. The mean age of the recipient was 30.64 ± 10.66 years. Fifty-five (83%) were male recipients and 11 (17%) were female recipients. The most common cause of ESKD in recipients was chronic glomerulonephritis (55%). The mean hemodialysis vintage was 11.04 ± 10.12 months. Seventy-four percent of donors were female and 24% of donors were male. Induction therapy with rabbit antithymocyte globulin was used in 20 (30%) and basiliximab in 21 (32%) recipients. Thirty (45%) recipients underwent graft kidney biopsy in view graft dysfunction. Acute cellular rejection was the most common cause of graft dysfunction seen in 8 (28%) of graft kidney biopsy. Graft survival and patient survival at 1, 3, and 5 years after transplant were 89%, 81%, and 77% and 90%, 84%, and 81%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Our observation showed that graft survival and patient survival after transplant were lower compared to other studies due to higher rejection rate and mortality due to infections. Hence, attention to immunological risk factors with proper immunologic testing pretransplant and early detection and adequate treatment of rejection episode even in cost-limited settings are suggested. Also after kidney transplant, prevention and prompt treatment of infection would offer the greatest potential to improve the chance of living longer with functioning graft.
The Literary Works of Miguel de Cervantes from the Perspective of Psychopharmacology
Authors: López-Muñoz Francisco
Published: December 2021

Background:

Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1617) was a Spanish writer, who has often been considered as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's outstanding novelists. His novel Don Quixote, is a work often cited as both the first modern novel and one of the best works of world literature. The life of Cervantes has been full of fascinations, imaginations, attracting the attention from all walks of people, including psychiatrists.

Methods:

With career interest in psychopharmacology, the author in this review intends to focus on Cervantes's notions in his works on the use of psychotropic agents. The author also categorized psychotropic agents into four different scenarios of use – therapeutic remedies, toxic and poisonous agents (love philters, poisonous potions), antidotes as well as drugs of abuse (witches' ointments).

Results:

Cervantes' works were found that Cervantes made references to those preparations in Don Quixote, The Galatea, Journey to Parnassus, The Spanish English Lady, The Lawyer of Glass, The Jealous Old Man from Extremadura, The Dialogue of the Dogs, Pedro de Urdemalas and The Diversion. The main agents cited by Cervantes in the context analyzed included henbane, tobacco, rhubarb, rosemary, vervain, and in a masked way, opium. Cervantes did not identify the ingredients of other preparations with psychotropic properties, although, in the sense of the symptoms described by the author, they could be plants of the Solanaceae family, such as the henbane, nightshade, jimson weed, belladonna, or mandrake.

Conclusion:

Cervantes' texts, although by no means scientific treatises, give us with a correct description of the uses (and effects) of psychotropic substances in late Renaissance Spain, and explain how a group of drugs could have four archetypal qualities – remedy, poison, antidote, and drug of abuse.
Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation in Identifying Proteins for Clozapine Treatment Response in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Lin Chin-Chuen , Su Hung , Shiea Jentaie , Huang Tiao-Lai
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by reduced social engagement, abnormal emotional expression, and a lack of motivation. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) are a novel proteomic technique. In this study, we intended to identify potential biomarkers for predicting clozapine treatment response using iTRAQ.

Methods:

We identified patients with schizophrenia that responded to a four-week treatment with clozapine. Patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected before and after treatment. iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis was done to identify differentially expressed proteins in PBMC before and after treatment. STRING analysis map was built, and a target protein was selected. Western blot validation was then done.

Results:

In 10 identified clozapine treatment-responsive patients, we screened 2,735 proteins. Nine downregulated proteins and 11 upregulated proteins were differentially expressed by 1.5-fold after clozapine treatment. STRING network analysis revealed a series of apolipoproteins, and only apolipoprotein A4 (APOA-IV) was selected for validation. Western blot validations showed that protein levels of APOA-IV were significantly most downregulated in the patient after clozapine treatment (p= 0.05).

Conclusion:

In this study, we integrated clinical observation data, bioinformational protein interaction analysis, and iTRAQ labeling to study proteomics in patients with schizophrenia successfully treated with clozapine. We suggest that APOA-IV protein can be a biomarker for predicting clozapine treatment response in patients with schizophrenia. But these results in this study need a larger sample size to be validated.
Lobular Carcinoma In Situ during Preoperative Biopsy and the Rate of Upgrade
Authors: Lee Jeea , Ku Ga Yoon , Lee Haemin , Park Hyung Seok , Ku Ja Seung , Kim Jee Ye , Park Seho , Park Byeong-Woo
Published: December 2021

PurposeThere is a potential risk that lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) on preoperative biopsy might be diagnosed as ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive carcinoma in the final pathology. This study aimed to evaluate the rate of upgrade of LCIS on preoperative biopsy to DCIS or invasive carcinoma.Materials and MethodsData of 55 patients with LCIS on preoperative biopsy were analyzed. All patients underwent surgery between 1991 and 2016 at Severance Hospital in Seoul, Korea. We analyzed the rate of upgrade of preoperative LCIS to DCIS or invasive cancer in the final pathology. The clinicopathologic features related to the upgrade were evaluated.ResultsThe rate of upgrade of LCIS to DCIS or invasive carcinoma was 16.4% (9/55). In multivariate analysis, microcalcification and progesterone receptor expression were significantly associated with the upgrade of LCIS (p=0.023 and p=0.044, respectively).ConclusionThe current study showed a relatively high rate of upgrade of LCIS on preoperative biopsy to DCIS or invasive cancer. The presence of microcalcification and progesterone receptor expression may be potential predictors of upgradation of LCIS on preoperative biopsy. Surgical excision of the LCIS during preoperative biopsy could be a management option to identify the concealed malignancy.
Improved playback uniformity of random-phase free holograms by pixel separation method
Authors: Makowski Michal , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi
Published: December 2021

Random-phase free computer-generated holograms offer excellent quality of virtually noise-free playback of low-frequency images, but have limited efficiency in the case of highly contrast binary images with dominant high spatial frequencies. Introduction of weak random phase allows the partial suppression of this problem, but causes strong noise in the outcome. Here we present the influence of pixel separation technique on the uniformity of far field reconstructions from such random-phase free holograms. We show the improved image quality with no additional speckle noise. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ.W. Goodman, Roberts and Company (2005). DirectLink R.W. Gerchberg, W.O. Saxton, "A practical algorithm for the determination of phase from image and diffraction plane pictures", Optik 35, 237 (1972). DirectLink M. Makowski, "Minimized speckle noise in lens-less holographic projection by pixel separation", Opt. Express 21, 29205 (2013). CrossRef I. Ducin, T. Shimobaba, M. Makowski, K. Kakarenko, A. Kowalczyk, Jaroslaw Suszek, M. Bieda, A. Kolodziejczyk, M. Sypek, "Holographic projection of images with step-less zoom and noise suppression by pixel separation", Opt. Comm. 340, 131 (2015). CrossRef T. Shimobaba, T. Ito, "Random phase-free computer-generated hologram", Opt. Express 23, 9549 (2015). CrossRef T. Shimobaba, T. Kakue, Y. Endo, R. Hirayama, D. Hiyama, S. Hasegawa, Y. Nagahama, M. Sano, M. Oikawa, T. Sugie, T. Ito, "Random phase-free kinoform for large objects", Opt. Express 23, 17269 (2015). CrossRef M. Sypek, "Light propagation in the Fresnel region. New numerical approach", Opt. Comm. 116, 43 (1995). CrossRef K. Matsushima, T. Shimobaba, "Band-Limited Angular Spectrum Method for Numerical Simulation of Free-Space Propagation in Far and Near Fields", Opt. Express 17, 19662 (2009). CrossRef
Pandemia COVID-19 i „nowa normalność” w systemie komunikowania. Wyzwania regulacyjne epoki cyfry
Authors: Jaskiernia Alicja ,   Warsaw University
Published: December 2021

The radical transformation of life on the planet caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the convergence of social and private spaces by internet technologies. Big Tech companies have grown into key market and social life players. The article presents the key findings from the debate conducted by the American think-tank Pew Research Center in early 2021. The hypothesis concerns the necessity to adopt a new model of internet platforms accountabilities in the era of “dual convergence”, in the context of searching for a new paradigm of human-technology relations, more comprehensive reflecting the individual and social costs of using new technologies.
Jeden świat. Reklama społeczna w dobie pandemii
Authors: Stępniak Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

The article is an excerpt from a wider research project carried out by the author in October– December 2020, concerning advertising materials used by WHO and selected countries (Poland, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa) in social campaigns during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. This text presents one case study – a campaign used in Poland, comparing its messages with WHO advertising materials. The main thesis was taken from the thought of Ivan Krastev, who claims that the pandemic made everyone realize that all people are inhabitants of “One World” in the face of a global threat. The entire study used the triangulation of two research methods – case study and compositional interpretation by Gillian Rose. Roman Jakobson’s model of linguistic communication was used to examine the verbal layer of messages. In the linguistic layer of the messages, their considerable persuasiveness was assumed. In the visual layer, due to the simplicity of the form, it is limited to the compositional modality, with particular emphasis on colors and iconic signs. The text shows how important a role in communication, especially in times of a pandemic, is played by social advertising campaigns. Paradoxically, a pandemic that threatens humanity may also open up new, comparative areas of research on the effectiveness of mass communication means used in some countries, which can be successfully used in others.
Disclosing Strategies and Business Models in the Integrated Report
Authors: Truant Elisa , Culasso Francesca , Argento Daniela
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which strategies and business models (BMs) are disclosed in Integrated Reports (IRs). In addition, this paper seeks to understand the reasons for the changes in such disclosures over time. A longitudinal case study focusing on Terna, an Italian listed public utility operating in the electricity sector, is presented. Multiple methods of data collection and analysis were adopted. A content analysis based on the framework of Sukhari and De Villiers (2018) was performed on Terna’s IRs from 2011 to 2017. Interviews were conducted with several managers to integrate the data stemming from the content analysis. The paper opens up the ‘black box’ of corporate strategy disclosures, showing how they can evolve over time. The findings reveal a resistance to fully communicating sensitive corporate information related to strategic goals and their implementatio
Unification of the Case-law within the Civil Procedure System of Romania
Authors: Carcia Laura Cristina
Published: December 2021

The present article contains the main legal practice unification mechanisms, as regulated by the Romanian legislator in accordance with the current Civil Procedure Code, as well as those partaking to the Supreme Court jurisprudence in conjuncture with the lower courts by granting a uniform settlement on the legal issues comprised by the litigations referred to. The presentation starts off with the referral in the interest of the law, a traditional instrument within the national civil procedure legal sphere of activity, it continues with the notification of the Supreme Court for settling certain legal matters, a novelty at national level and of whose practical utility has already been recognised, and it ends by making reference to the second appeal, as an extraordinary means of challenge, with a relatively reduced efficiency, at present, in settling the different interpretations of the legal norms.
Problematic Aspects of Judicial Protection against the Inaction of Administrative Authorities in the Czech Republic
Authors: Frumarová Kateřina
Published: December 2021

One of the three most important types of actions in the Czech administrative judiciary is the action for protection against the inaction of an administrative body. Judicial protection follows on from the protection within the administrative proceedings (according to the Administrative Procedure Code). Its entrenchment in the Czech law in 2002 was a huge positive. Nevertheless, in practice there are some controversial issues or issues for discussion which relate to this action. The article analyses the essence of this action, its conditions and hearing in court. However, the main attention is paid to the problematic aspects of the action, both those regarding its legislation and those arising from the practice and case law relating to protection against administrative inaction.
Role Models of Politics Disguised in Technique
Authors: Marchioro Irene
Published: December 2021

The article analyses two decisions of the European Court of Justice issued last year against Hungary, with the aim of outlining a new trend in the Court’s caselaw, where threats to the rule of law are confronted without making express reference to it. The profiles of the two judgements that are investigated are three, and namely: the timing of the procedures, the role of discrimination in the assessment of violations of the TFEU rules on the freedom of movement of capital and services, the assessment of violations of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union alongside TFEU violations. The purpose of the article is to prove that the infringement procedure under Art. 258 TFEU can be successfully used to hinder antidemocratic drifts and illiberal trends even when a case is designed as purely technical and the rule of law is not called in, which may ultimately shield the Court itself from accusations of being too politically involved in Member States’ affairs.
Factorization of the Abel-Jacobi maps
Authors: Suzuki Fumiaki
Published: December 2021

As an application of the theory of Lawson homology and morphic cohomology, Walker proved that the Abel-Jacobi map factors through another regular homomorphism. In this note, we give a direct proof of the theorem.

Comment: 9 pages, comments are welcome, published version
Literasi Media Melalui Video Podcast pada Kalangan Mahasiswa Yogyakarta
Authors: Wibowo Arif Ardy , Shohwah Annisa Ishlahtus
Published: December 2021

Video podcasts become one of the digital content included in a combination format, combined writing, video, and audio packed so that it becomes content distributed in digital format. The ease of accessibility of podcast video content makes it important to apply media literacy to remain critical of the message's various meanings in the content in the video podcast. This study aims to determine the level of media literacy through video podcasts among students of Communication Sciences Yogyakarta. The method used in this study is a descriptive quantitative method with the concept of measuring individual competence framework media literacy. Samples from this study were active students of Communication Sciences in 2019/2020 at Ahmad Dahlan University, Mercu Buana University Yogyakarta, and AMIKOM University Yogyakarta, with a total sample of 368 respondents. This study showed that the level of media literacy through video podcasts among students of Communication Science Yogyakarta is at a high level (advanced) with details of technical skills are in the advanced category of 80%, critical understanding ability at the advanced level of 86%. Communicative abilities are at the medium level of 59%. This shows that Yogyakarta communication students can use very high media, analyze excellent information, and participate and communicate actively through social media.
MYRISTICA FRAGRANS HOUTT: STUDY ON ITS PHARMACOGNOSTICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: S Athira , Padyana Subramanya
Published: December 2021

The history of any drug gives insight into its morphology, properties, therapeutics, or dietary utility as conceived by various authors at different stages of history. Jathiphala is well known for its medicinal uses. In Sankhaikhitha Dharmasuthra and Vishnu Dharmasutra, references are available about the external uses of Jathiphala. Jathiphala is mentioned thrice by charaka. Vagbhata described Jathikosha as Jathipatrika. Even though the plant is well- known as a spice, the medicinal utilities were not much exploited until the medieval period. Brihatrayis did not mention the drug Jathiphala in any of their classifications. In Gadanigraha written by Sodhala in 12th A.D mentions the plant for the first time. Later in 13th. A.D Acharya Sarngadhara mentioned the plant as Deepana, Pachana, Grahi and Suklasthambhaka dravya. Rajamarthanda authored by Bhoja and Bhavaprakasa delineates the external use of Jathiphala in the form of an ointment in the management of Vyanga. In a later period, many Acharyas have classified it under different headings. In Ayurvedic classics, Jathiphala and Jathipatrika are mainly indicated in the diseases associated with the gastrointestinal tract like Atisara, Grahani etc. In the west Nutmegs, maces and their oils are largely used for flavouring and as carminatives. There are many herbal medicines explained in classicalliterature of Ayurveda for the disease Vipadika or Padadari etc., Jathiphala is one such drug where the pericarp of the fruit is being used in Vipadika.
Keywords: Vipadika, Jathiphala, Nutmeg, Myristica fragrans.
PHARMACEUTICAL ASPECTS OF SHUNTHYAADI GHRITA AND ITS ANALYTICAL IMPORTANCE IN SNEHA KALPANA
Authors: Aithal Shreeganesh , B. Kurle Laxmi. , R. Chavan Ravi.
Published: December 2021

Ayurveda being the oldest science, comprising ample of medicines for various disease & Disorders. Propagating this holy science scientifically to an international platform is the times need. Shunthyaadi Ghrita is a unique Sneha Kalpana indicated specifically in Kshavathu Roga in the form of Nasya. Even though Shunthyaadi Ghrita is effective to date no research work has been carried out. Shunthyaadi Ghrita contains Shunthi, Kushta, Kana, Bilva and Draksha processed as per the Standard operative procedure of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India for ghee preparation. The main aim of the present study is to prepare Shunthyaadi Ghrita as directed in the classics & qualitative & quantitative Physico-chemical Analysis of Shunthyaadi Ghrita. The results obtained will be the ref- erence standards and can also be used for future studies on Shunthyaadi Ghrita standardisation.
Keywords: Shunthyaadi Grita, Ghrita Murchana, Sneha Kalpana, Physico-Chemical Analysis, HPTLC.
CLINICAL STUDY ON SHIREESHADI AVAPEEDANA NASYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SURYAVARTHA (FRONTAL SINUSITIS)
Authors: H K Amarnath
Published: December 2021

Nasya karma is considered a prime treatment modality in all types of Shiroroga (Headache) and also in Suryavar- tha (Frontal Sinusitis). Suryavartha (Frontal Sinusitis) is one of the 11 types of Shiroroga. It is one of the com- mon clinical conditions found in day to day general as well as Shalakya (ENT) practice. It presents with headache as one of its cardinal features and its occurrence is found in both genders and in all age groups. Objective: To study the efficacy of Shireeshadi Avapeedana Nasya in the management of Suryavartha (Frontal Sinusitis). Ma- terial methods: Twenty patients of Suryavartha (Frontal Sinusitis) were diagnosed and registered for the clinical study irrespective of sex, socio-economic status, and religion. The study was divided into two groups - Group A and Group B. Group – A patients were treated with Shireeshadi Avapeedana Nasya for 7 days and Group – B patients were treated by Nasya with milk for 7 days. Observation and result: Among 20 patients of Suryavartha / frontal sinusitis, 20 (100%) of patients had headache, 11 (55%) had nasal blockage, 05 (25%) had nasal dis- charge, 08 (40%) had foul smell in their breath and 14 (70%) have variations from normal X-Ray. The severity of headache is significantly reduced after treatment in both Groups A and B (92.95% and 73.07%) respectively. Conclusion: Administration of Shireeshadi Avapeeda Nasya showed statistically significant improvement in the management of Suryavartha (Frontal Sinusitis).
Keywords: Suryavartha, Nasya, Shireeshadi Avapeedana Nasya, Frontal Sinusitis, Shigru, Mulaka, Ksheera.
EFFECT OF VAMSHAMULA-KARPURA NASYA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ARDHAVABHEDAKA (MIGRAINE): A RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors: Mazumder Amit Hassan , Goswami Kanika , Ali Karab
Published: December 2021

Ayurveda, the Science of life is an age-old medical system that has always propagated the importance of preventive as well as curative aspects of the diseases. Ardhavabhedaka is one of the Shiroroga(diseases of the head region) which has been correlated with Migraines. Under the umbrella of Headache, Migraine is amongst the world's lead- ing diseases. Ardhavabhedaka comes under the Urdhwajatrugata Vikaras where Nasya has been mentioned as the prime therapy for its management. Acharya Sushruta has mentioned one such Nasya formulation of vamsamula and karpura for its management. Though modern therapeutics has a wide range of drugs for the management of this disease, they are having serious side effects and habit-forming nature. Therefore, there is a need for a research study to find out the efficacy of this herbal Nasya formulation consisting of Vamsamula and Karpura for management of Ardhavbhedaka via Clinical intervention. After the clinical trial, it was observed that there was a highly significant improvement in clinical manifestations of Ardhavabhedaka (migraine).
Keywords: Ardhavabhedaka, Migraine, Nasya, Vamshamoola, Karpura.
CLASSICAL CONCEPT OF COOKING RICE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Patil Ketaki Hemant , Wasnik (Thatere) Vidya , Jain Sumeeta S.
Published: December 2021

Ayurveda’s foremost aim is prevention of diseases and then cure of diseases. Rice is the staple food of most of the Indians where it’s faulty cooking methods is one of the main and unrecognised reasons for the development of various lifestyle diseases like obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, etc. The method of removing the gruel from the cooked rice is well explained by Ayurvedic Samhitas. This method makes the rice Laghu i.e. light to digest and removes excess starch from the rice in the form of gruel. This reduces the glycemic index of the rice making it suitable for regular consumption. Due to this, obesity, and other lifestyle disorders like T2DM can be prevented leading to a disease-free life. The purpose of this article is to guide with the correct method of cooking rice according to Ayurvedic literature.
Keywords: Rice, Cooking, Glycemic index, Obesity, lifestyle, Ayurveda
CONCEPTUAL REVIEW OF DASHVIDHA PARIKSHA AND ITS CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Authors: Pandey Rashmi
Published: December 2021

Pariksha is the tool used to explore knowledge regarding the span of life, potency and strength of the disease. Pariksha is also used as Pramana in Ayurveda. The concept of Dashvidha Pariskha is described in Ayurveda which is very much scientific in terms of understanding the duration of life, strength of person and disease. Treatment principles may vary from patient to patient depending on strength of the patient and morbidity of the disease. Many scattered references are found in Ayurvedic literature which lay stress on research namely “Pareeksha karino hi Kushal Bhavanti" and many synonyms of research are available viz. Eshana and Anveshana. Hence patient is to be examined in respect of Prakruti, Vikriti, Sara, Samhanana, Pramana, Satmya, Satva, Aahara shakti, Vyayama shakti and Vaya is Dashvidha Pariskha. Tenfold examinations should be done to understand the overview of patient condition in relation to disease Pariksha must be carried out scientifically in a systemic and planned way to get a successful result. It is very much essential that before any treatment one should have complete knowledge of Roga and Rogi Bala.
Keywords: Roga Bala, Rogi Bala, Dashavidha Pariksha, Vyadhi, Swasta.