bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of recombinant human epidermal growth factor fused with HaloTag protein and characterisation of its biological functions
Authors: Bai Mengru , Liu Yezhuo , Liu Hongyin , Jia Yangyang , Tian Xiangqin , Sun Changye
Published: July 2024

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) protein is a crucial biomolecule involved in regulating cell growth, proliferation, migration and differentiation, which is used in various therapeutic applications, such as wound healing and tissue regeneration. The production of recombinant EGF is essential for studying its biological function and for its clinical translation. However, EGF protein expressed in prokaryotic cells often occurs in inclusion bodies, and co-expression with soluble tag protein is an effective method to prepare recombinant EGF. In this study, we expressed recombinant human EGF (rhEGF) fused to a HaloTag (Halo-rhEGF) and a large portion of Halo-rhEGF was found in the soluble fraction. Cell growth assay showed that the purified Halo-rhEGF protein could promote the proliferation of fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) and epithelial cells (HaCaT), and significantly increased their viability. Phosphorylation of the intracellular signaling proteins, ERK1/2 and c-Jun, was stimulated by treatment with Halo-rhEGF and the expression levels of proteins regulating cell proliferation were significantly increased. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that rhEGF could increase the transcription of genes enriched in ribosome generation and cell proliferation. Moreover, Halo-rhEGF can be labelled by HaloTag ligand for fluorescence imaging and can be slowly released in tissue repair by binding to anion biomaterials. In conclusion, HaloTag is an efficient fusion tag for rhEGF protein expression, purification and controlled release, and Halo-rhEGF can promote the proliferation and viability of epithelial and fibroblast cells.
Occupational Hazard Exposure: Assessment of Hypogonadism and Dyslipidemia in House and Automobile Painters in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Adeosun Ganiyu O. , Akorede Aminat T. , Akinrinmade Remilekun , Ajayi David D, , Ajibola Kabiru A , Olawuyi Abdullahi O. , Fadairo Johnson K
Published: July 2024

Aims: To investigate the impact of human exposure to the constituents of paint on serum reproductive hormone and Lipid profile among occupationally exposed House and Automobile spray painters in Yakuba district of Ilorin East Local Government area of Kwara State. Nigeria.
Study Design: Experimental./ Cross sectional.
Place and Duration of Study: Yakuba district of Ilorin East Local Government area of Kwara State. Nigeria, 6months; between July 23 and January 2024.
Methodology: 120 male participants were recruited for this study with the mean age 33.15±0.86 years. The participants included 40 automobile painters, 40 house painters, and male artisans who were not painters and served as the control group .Venous Blood samples were collected from both the test and control subjects for the measurement of serum lipids and testosterone using reference techniques.
Results: Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HD and LDL cholesterol were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the exposed automobile and house painters than the control groups. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the serum lipid values of the automobile and the house painters. The serum testosterone level in both group of exposed painters was statistically similar(P>0.05).
There was no significant correlation (P>0.05) between the frequency of cars or houses painted per month and work experience with the lipid profile parameters and testosterone levels in the occupationally exposed house and automobile painters.
Conclusion: Occupational exposure to some chemical constituents of paint is associated with dyslipidemia and decrease serum testosterone which may precipitate adverse ill health among the painters.
The Efficacy of Garlic and Turmeric in Extending the Shelf Life of Sun-dried Marine Sardines (Stolephorus commersonnii)
Authors: Happiness Matembo Felix , Lucy Chove Mlipano , Majaliwa Nuria
Published: July 2024

Increasing the shelf life of sun-dried marine sardines is critical to maintaining their quality and cutting down on food waste. The use of spices is common in different localities, however, there is a pressing need to optimize the use of spices for enhanced quality and shelf life of seafood. This study aimed to optimize the use of spices during the storage of sundried marine sardines. Design expert software was used for this purpose. Three levels of two independent factors were used to obtain different combinations Garlic/Allium sativum (0-3%) and Turmeric/Curcuma longa (0-3%). A linear equation was developed to indicate the relationship between variables (independent and dependent variables). The bacterial and fungal counts (cfu/mL) were reduced with increased concentrations of garlic, and turmeric, singly and in their combinations. The optimum reduction of bacteria (0 cfu/mL) and fungi (cfu/mL) was obtained with the combination of garlic and turmeric at 1.5% and 3% respectively. The bacterial count (0 cfu/mL) was observed in sun-dried sardines treated with garlic and turmeric at 1.5%, 3%, or its interactions respectively, whereas the highest bacterial count (360 cfu/mL) was observed in control. Further, the lowest fungal count (0 cfu/mL) was observed in sun-dried sardines treated with garlic and turmeric at 3% concentration only or its interactions whereas the highest fungal count (68 cfu/mL) was found in the control samples. Analysis of variance indicated that interactive effects significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected bacterial and fungal count growth. Further results indicate that about 55% of the isolated samples were not colonized with bacteria while 25% and 20% of the isolated samples were contaminated with E.coli and S. aureus respectively. About 63% of the isolated samples showed no fungal growth, while 20% and 17% of the isolated samples were contaminated with Mucor and Aspergillus flavus respectively. Generally, optimizing the use of spices such as garlic improves quality and extends the shelf life of sun-dried marine sardines, and hence recommended for seafood preservation.
Site Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM): Principles, Key Features and its Potential Role in Soil, Crop Ecosystem and Climate Resilience Farming
Authors: Sarma Hridesh Harsha , Borah Santanu Kaushik , Chintey Rajesh , Nath Hrishikesh , Talukdar Nilabh
Published: July 2024

As the world population expands, farming practices have intensified to meet increased food demand. Modern crop varieties now require higher levels of fertilization compared to traditional organic methods, which are insufficient to meet these new demands. However, inefficient nutrient management and imbalances in field nutrient levels have led to various crop issues. To achieve higher agricultural output and productivity, there has been a notable increase in the application of chemical fertilizers, which unfortunately contributes to soil and water pollution, degradation of soil fertility, and nutrient imbalances. In response, modern technologies are being leveraged to promote sustainable food production and foster balanced agricultural development. Site specific nutrient management (SSNM) aims to empower farmers to adjust fertilizer application dynamically to meet the nutrient requirements of high-yielding crops, bridging the gap between natural nutrient sources like soil, crop residues, manure, and irrigation water. It is based on the principles of 4Rs: right product, right dose, right time and right place. Modern technologies like Optical sensors, Crop Manager, Remote Sensing, Nutrient Expert®, fertility mapping, Active Canopy Sensors, Variable rate technologies etc. are used to enhance the potential of SSNM to higher level. The focus is on optimizing nutrient application timing and rates to maximize crop yield and nutrient efficiency, thereby enhancing the economic value of harvest per unit of fertilizer used, rather than simply increasing or decreasing fertilizer use.
Evaluation of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Hybrids in Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition
Authors: Kumar Rupesh , Bahadur Vijay , Topno Samir E. , Saurabh  , Kumar Abhishek
Published: July 2024

An experiment was conducted to study the Evaluation of Sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Hybrids in Prayagraj agro-climatic condition. at Sam Higginbottom. University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during summer 2023. From the present investigation it is concluded that the H10 Performed best in terms of growth (vine length (170.67 cm). The H9 is best performed in terms of Number of Primary branches (15.25) and The H10 is best performed in terms of maximum Number of node/plant (34.42).The treatment H4 is best performed in terms of Days to emergence of 1st male flower (42.83 days) and H11 is best performed in terms of days to emergence of 1st female flower/plant (46.8 days).The treatment H7 is best performed in terms of first appearance of male flower (2.17). The treatment H7 is best performed in terms of first appearance of female flower (2.17).The H3 and H5 is best performed in terms of Days to 50% female flower/plant (45.67).the treatment H12 performed best in term of days to 1st fruit setting/plant (48.00 Days) and the T12 best performed in terms of Number of days to first Fruit picking (51.58 Days). ). The H1 is best performed in terms of maximum number of Number of fruit/plant (28.48 Fruit),Fruit yield /plant (kg) (2.70 Kg), Fruit yield /ha (Q) (270 Q) and average weight of fruit (95.00g).The H4,H5 and H6  performed best in term of Fruit length (30.00cm). The treatment H11 is best performed in terms of fruit diameter (22.00mm). Whereas, the H1 recorded highest benefit cost ratio (2.79).
Fixed Point Theorem in Multidimensional Partially Ordered Set in Neutrosophic Metric Spaces
Authors: Shakila V.B. , Jeyaraman M.
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the author gave the idea of \(\Xi\)- isotone map and g-monotone property using \(\Xi\)-isotone mapping the author proved that there is a conicidence point for two self mappings in partially ordered set in neutrosophic metric spaces. Additionally if \(\Xi\) is weakly compatible then the two mappings have a common fixed point.
Effects of Comorbidities on Lassa Fever: A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of Cases Admitted in a Lassa Fever Research Institute in Nigeria (2019-2023)
Authors: Frances Chiegboka S. , Edidiongobong Usoro U.T , Hendrix Odion E. , Ighodalo Enotiemonria J. , U. Etukokwu Ijeoma , Daniel Awolo O. , Utome Akeredolu W. , Stephen Abebe E. , Christian Oshadiya O. , I. Osamuyi Emmanuella , Collins Ezedigwe O. , Azemobor Osigbeme , Precious Akhaine J.
Published: July 2024

Background: Co-morbidities in Lassa fever refers to the presence of other underlying medical conditions or diseases in individuals infected with the virus. These co-morbidities can significantly affect the progression and outcome of Lassa fever, making it a complex and challenging infectious disease to control.
Objective: To determine the effects of Co-morbidities on Lassa fever and it's management between 2019-2023 in a Lassa Fever Research Institute in Nigeria.
Methodology: This study was conducted at the Lassa Fever Research Institute at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital (ISTH) in Edo State, Nigeria. It engaged a retrospective cross-sectional design and employed a systematic sampling technique. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21.0 software for descriptive statistics. Associations were tested using the Chi-square test, with a significance level set at p<0.05.
Results: The study found that Lassa fever had no specificity for age as it affected individuals across a wide age range (18-78 years), with the highest incidence in the 47-57 year age group. Hypertension was the most common comorbid condition (30%), followed by peptic ulcer disease (20%). Ribavirin was the main stay of treatment used. The analysis showed no significant relationship between comorbidities and mortality, as the majority of cases (85%) had outstanding outcomes. However, there was a significant relationship (p=0.04) between the level of education and outcomes, with most individuals having a tertiary education and experiencing positive outcomes.
Conclusion: According to this study, it was discovered that there were no significant relationship between co morbidities and mortality as majority of the cases reviewed were seen to have good outcomes with the aid of the current treatment (ribavirin).
Isolation and Characterization of Staphylococcus saprophyticus from Textile Industry Soil for Decolorization of Crystal Violet Dye
Authors: Ash Krishna , Ahalawat Sushma , Srivastava Shailendra Kumar , Mishra Sarvesh Kumar
Published: July 2024

Textile dyes are an important class of synthetic organic compounds and are, therefore, common industrial pollutants. They are produced in large scale and may enter the environment during production or later on during fiber dying. Thus, there is a need for developing treatment methods that were more effective in eliminating dyes from textile waste soil as its source. Staphylococcus saprophyticus was isolated from soil of a textile plant and selected as the most active dye degrader of 11 isolates. The important parameters including temperature, pH, carbon and nitrogen source on crystal violet decolorization were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, dye decolorization (92.35%) was successfully achieved within 120 h. at 30°C, pH 8 with sucrose and beef extract as the energy source.
Mengungkap Pencapaian Manusia dalam Karya Seni Pertunjukan "Rhythm 0" Melalui Ilustrasi Berjudul “Adornment”
Authors: Dewanto Thomas Hanandry
Published: July 2024

Karya seni performa "Rhythm 0" oleh Marina Abramovic telah menjadi salah satu karya seni kontemporer yang paling kontroversial sepanjang sejarah seni. Meskipun karya ini menunjukkan aspek-aspek manusia yang universal, karya tersebut juga menghadirkan isu tentang pencapaian manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang ilustrasi yang menggambarkan karya seni performa "Rhythm 0" karya Marina Abramovic dengan menggunakan teknik ilustrasi cat air yang dipadukan dengan gold leaf. Ilustrasi tersebut akan mempertimbangkan penggunaan prinsip dasar seni sebagai pedoman dalam pembuatan ilustrasi, serta mengintegrasikan elemen visual seperti lingkaran halo, daun palem, dan simbol Horus untuk menambah nilai artistik dan simbolis dalam ilustrasi tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian berbasis seni dan hermeneutika terhadap karya seni performa "Rhythm 0" kemudian divisualkan berupa simbol-simbol untuk menginterpretasikan pesan karya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ilustrasi yang menggabungkan cat air dan gold leaf berhasil membantu mengungkap makna yang terkandung dalam karya "Rhythm 0", yaitu bahwa pencapaian kejayaan manusia sebenarnya hanya semu belaka dan tidak memiliki arti yang sejati. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini menyajikan kontribusi penting dalam memperkaya pemahaman kita tentang seni performa "Rhythm 0" dan potensi teknik ilustrasi cat air yang dipadukan dengan gold leaf dalam membantu memberikan interpretasi baru tentang pesan yang terkandung dalam karya seni.
Perancangan Board Game Sebagai Media Deteksi Dini Gejala ADHD pada Anak Usia 10-12 Tahun
Authors: Putri Yohana Eka , Prasida T. Arie Setiawan , Prestiliano Jasson
Published: July 2024

Kesehatan mental merupakan kesehatan dari seseorang yang mencakup baik segi fisik dan keadaan psikis. Namun tidak semua orang sehat keadaan psikisnya, yang dapat disebut juga dengan mental illness. Mental illness pun beraneka macam, salah satunya adalah ADHD atau Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Kurangnya media dalam deteksi ADHD ini menjadi masalah utamanya. Di Indonesia, media yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi ADHD hanyalah melalui kuesioner dan juga literatur. Maka dari itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang media interaktif seperti board game untuk membantu proses deteksi ADHD pada anak dengan cara yang seru dan menyenangkan. Metode penelitian secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif atau mixed-methods serta strategi penelitian cyclic digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dari hasil penelitian ini, anak-anak sangat menyukai tahapan tes yang sudah dikemas dalam pos yang terdapat dalam board game serta psikolog menyebutkan bahwa board game ini sudah dapat digunakan sebagai media deteksi ADHD pada anak.
Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form)
Authors: Istadi Istadi
Published: July 2024

Backmatter (Publication Ethics, Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing Form)
Microanalysis of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membranes
Authors: Coronell Orlando , ter Horst Marc , Donley Carrie
Published: October 2013

In reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes, the active layer constitutes the main barrier to the transport of water and contaminants. In addition, membrane–foulant interactions occur at the active layer surface. Accordingly, the characterization of active layer properties, and interactions with water, contaminants, and foulants, greatly benefits membrane development and optimization cycles. In this article, we provide a brief review of eight characterization techniques that have proved to be useful for the aforementioned characterization objectives. The techniques covered are positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electrical/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For each technique, we first describe basic concepts and then provide an overview of some key applications and findings of the technique in RO/NF membrane characterization.
Polymeric Membranes for Energy Applications
Authors: Low Bee Ting , Wang Yan , Chung Tai‐Shung
Published: October 2013

Membrane technology is a promising separation technique for natural gas, hydrogen, and biofuel purifications. Polymeric membranes remain among the most viable commercial choice and substantial research works on the design of polymers with improved separation performance and physicochemical properties are in progress. Various approaches have been utilized by membrane scientists to overcome bottlenecks and to achieve this goal. In this review, a critical survey on polymeric membranes for gas separation and pervaporation in energy‐related applications is presented.

The focus of this article is on tailoring polymers, polymer composites, and their processing for improved membrane‐based separation. The merits and deficiencies of existing polymeric membranes are evaluated. The vital aspects of membrane process design and the future prospects of membrane‐based separations are highlighted.
Bilateral hearing loss after dichloromethane poisoning: A case report
Authors: Bonfiglioli Roberta , Carnevali Lucio , Di Lello Matteo , Violante Francesco S.
Published: October 2013

Dichloromethane is a widely used organic solvent. Occupational exposure to dichloromethane is frequent and can result in both acute and chronic toxicity, affecting mostly the central nervous system, directly or through its metabolite, carbon monoxide. The effects of dichloromethane on the peripheral nervous system are debated. Here we report the case of a 37‐year‐old woman who was accidentally exposed to dichloromethane. In the days following the incident she experienced bilateral hypoacusis. Hearing loss regressed after 25 days treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. This is the first report of sudden hearing loss after acute exposure to dichloromethane, suggesting a possible toxic effect of this solvent on the auditory system. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:254–257, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Axonal protein synthesis and the regulation of primary afferent function
Authors: Obara Ilona , Hunt Stephen P.
Published: October 2013

Local protein synthesis has been demonstrated in the peripheral processes of sensory primary afferents and is thought to contribute to the maintenance of the neuron, to neuronal plasticity following injury and also to regeneration of the axon after damage to the nerve. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a master regulator of protein synthesis, integrates a variety of cues that regulate cellular homeostasis and is thought to play a key role in coordinating the neuronal response to environmental challenges. Evidence suggests that activated mTOR is expressed by peripheral nerve fibers, principally by A‐nociceptors that rapidly signal noxious stimulation to the central nervous system, but also by a subset of fibers that respond to cold and itch. Inhibition of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) has shown that while the acute response to noxious stimulation is unaffected, more complex aspects of pain processing including the setting up and maintenance of chronic pain states can be disrupted suggesting a route for the generation of new drugs for the control of chronic pain. Given the role of mTORC1 in cellular homeostasis, it seems that systemic changes in the physiological state of the body such as occur during illness are likely to modulate the sensitivity of peripheral sensory afferents through mTORC1 signaling pathways. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 74: 269–278, 2014
Experimental Study of the Plasma Polymerization of Ethyl Lactate
Authors: Ligot Sylvie , Renaux Fabian , Denis Laurent , Cossement Damien , Nuns Nicolas , Dubois Philippe , Snyders Rony
Published: October 2013

In this work, we report on the synthesis of ethyl lactate‐based plasma polymer film (ELPPF) by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). Using a design of experiments, it appears that, among other, the injected power (PRF) is the key parameter affecting the ELPPF features. Indeed, we observe a strong decrease of the COO‐C/H functionalities (from 12 to 2 at.%) within a limited PRF domain. A more precise analysis of the film chemistry by combining XPS and chemical derivatization reveals that up to 95% of these carboxyl‐based functions are esters. On the other hand, we show that the cross‐linking degree of the ELPPF can be increased by a factor of two as a function of PRF. This work paves the way for the tailoring of the barrier properties of ELPPF by controlling the ester content and the cross‐linking degree of the PPF.
Thyroid Nodules (≥4 cm): Can Ultrasound and Cytology Reliably Exclude Cancer?
Authors: Wharry Laura I. , McCoy Kelly L. , Stang Michael T. , Armstrong Michaele J. , LeBeau Shane O. , Tublin Mitch E. , Sholosh Biatta , Silbermann Ari , Ohori N. Paul , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Hodak Steven P. , Carty Sally E. , Yip Linwah
Published: October 2013

Background

Whether a threshold nodule size should prompt diagnostic thyroidectomy remains controversial. We examined a consecutive series of patients who all had thyroidectomy for a ≥4 cm nodule to determine (1) the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) and (2) if malignant nodules could accurately be diagnosed preoperatively by ultrasound (US), fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) cytology and molecular testing.

Methods

As a prospective management strategy, 361 patients with 382 nodules ≥4 cm by preoperative US had thyroidectomy from 1/07 to 3/12.

Results

The incidence of a clinically significant TC within the ≥4 cm nodule was 22 % (83/382 nodules). The presence of suspicious US features did not discriminate malignant from benign nodules. Moreover, in 86 nodules ≥4 cm with no suspicious US features, the risk of TC within the nodule was 20 %. US‐guided FNAB was performed for 290 nodules, and the risk of malignancy increased stepwise from 10.4 % for cytologically benign nodules, 29.6 % for cytologically indeterminate nodules and 100 % for malignant FNAB results. Molecular testing was positive in 9.3 % (10/107) of tested FNAB specimens, and all ten were histologic TC.

Conclusions

In a large consecutive series in which all ≥4 cm nodules had histology and were systematically evaluated by preoperative US and US‐guided FNAB, the incidence of TC within the nodule was 22 %. The false negative rate of benign cytology was 10.4 %, and the absence of suspicious US features did not reliably exclude malignancy. At minimum, thyroid lobectomy should be strongly considered for all nodules ≥4 cm.
Therapeutic hepatocyte transplant for inherited metabolic disorders: functional considerations, recent outcomes and future prospects
Authors: Vogel Kara R. , Kennedy Andrew A. , Whitehouse Luke A. , Gibson K. Michael
Published: October 2013

The applications, outcomes and future strategies of hepatocyte transplantation (HTx) as a corrective intervention for inherited metabolic disease (IMD) are described. An overview of HTx in IMDs, as well as preclinical evaluations in rodent and other mammalian models, is summarized. Current treatments for IMDs are highlighted, along with short‐ and long‐term outcomes and the potential for HTx to supplement or supplant these treatments. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of HTx are presented, highlighted by long‐term challenges with interorgan engraftment and expansion of transplanted cells, in addition to the future prospects of stem cell transplants. At present, the utility of HTx is represented by the potential to bridge patients with life‐threatening liver disease to organ transplantation, especially as an adjuvant intervention where severe organ shortages continue to pose challenges.
Entwicklung von Handkoordination, exekutiven Funktionen und Schulleistungen bei Kindern mit Auffälligkeiten in der Handgeschicklichkeit
Authors: Michel Eva , Cimeli Patrizia , Neuenschwander Regula , Röthlisberger Marianne , Roebers Claudia M.
Published: October 2013

In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Handgeschicklichkeit, exekutive Funktionen und Schulleistungen bei Vorschulkindern mit und ohne Problemen in der Handgeschicklichkeit über einen 3-Jahres-Zeitraum untersucht. Insgesamt wurden N = 94 Kinder, die zu Beginn 5- oder 6-jährig waren, untersucht, davon 47 Risikokinder mit sehr niedrigen Leistungen in der Handgeschicklichkeit und 47 Vergleichskinder. Diese wurden anhand der Variablen Alter, sozioökonomischer Status und nonverbale Intelligenz bestimmt. Die Risikokinder zeigten persistierende Defizite in der Handkoordination über den gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum hinweg. Obwohl sich alle Kinder insgesamt deutlich in den exekutiven Funktionen verbesserten, zeigten die Risikokinder ferner eine bedeutsam schlechtere Interferenzkontrolle und kognitive Flexibilität als die Vergleichskinder. Auch die schulischen Leistungen in den Bereichen Lesen, Schreiben und Mathematik zu Beginn der Beschulung waren bei den Risikokindern niedriger als bei den Vergleichskindern. Diese Befunde deuten auf domänübergreifende Probleme bei inhibitorischen und/oder Automatisierungsprozessen bei Kindern mit Auffälligkeiten in der Handgeschicklichkeit hin und geben wichtige Hinweise auf notwendige Interventionsmaßnahmen.
Analysing the effects of different types of FACTS devices on the steady‐state performance of the Hydro‐Québec network
Authors: Ghahremani Esmaeil , Kamwa Innocent
Published: October 2013

Hydro‐Québec's electrical transmission system is an extensive, international grid located in Québec, Canada with extensions into the northeastern United States of America. For large power systems such as this, one of the major issues is to maintain the steady‐state performance of the network. From this point of view, flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices could be effective tools to improve power system security by reducing the power flow on overloaded lines, which in turn would result in an increased loadability of the power system, reduced transmission line losses, improved stability and security and, ultimately, a more energy‐efficient transmission system. Therefore in this study, the authors will present the effects of different types of FACTS devices on the performance of Hydro‐Québec's power system. The optimal locations and rating of these FACTS controllers will be determined with a view to improving network security using an optimisation algorithm based on a genetic algorithm. The effects of six different FACTS devices including static VAR compensator (SVC), thyristor‐controlled series capacitor (TCSC), thyristor‐controlled voltage regulator (TCVR), thyristor‐controlled phase‐shifting transformer (TCPST), unified power flow controller (UPFC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) with energy storage are compared. Using the presented results, the effects of different types of FACTS devices on the Hydro‐Québec network will be analysed and compared with those of a STATCOM equipped with energy storage from the viewpoints of static loadability and losses.
The vibrational dependence of dissociative recombination: Cross sections for ${\rm N}_2^ +$N2+
Authors: Guberman Steven L.
Published: October 2013

Theoretical ab initio calculations are reported of the cross sections for dissociative recombination of the lowest four excited vibrational levels of ${\rm N}_2^ +$N2+ at electron energies from 0.001 to 1.0 eV. Rydberg vibrational levels contributing to the cross section structures are identified as are dissociative channels contributing more than 10−16 cm2 to the total cross sections. In contrast to the prior study of v = 0 (S. L. Guberman, J. Chem. Phys. 137, 074309 (2012)), which showed 2 3Πu to be the dominant dissociative channel, 43Πu is dominant for v = 1. Both 2 and 43Πu are major routes for dissociative recombination from v = 2–4. Other routes including ${\rm 2}^{3} \Sigma _{\rm u}^{\rm + }$23Σu+, 33Πu, 21Πu, 23Πg, $2^{1} \Sigma _{\rm g}^ +$21Σg+, 11Δg, and ${\rm b}^{\prime 1} \Sigma _{\rm u}^{\rm + }$b′1Σu+ are significant in narrow energy ranges. The results show that minor dissociative routes, included here for ${\rm N}_2^ +$N2+, must be included in theoretical studies of other molecular ions (including the simplest ions ${\rm H}_2^ +$H2+ and ${\rm H}_3^ +$H3+) if cross section agreement is to be found with future high resolution dissociative recombination experiments. The calculated predissociation lifetimes of the Rydberg resonances are used in a detailed comparison to two prior storage ring experiments in order to determine if the prior assumption of isotropic atomic angular distributions at “zero” electron energy is justified. The prior experimental assumption of comparable cross sections for v = 0–3 is shown to be the case at “zero” but not at nonzero electron energies. Circumstances are identified in which indirect recombination may be visualized as a firefly effect.
Dynamics of desorption with lateral diffusion
Authors: Juwono Tjipto , Rikvold Per Arne
Published: October 2013

The dynamics of desorption from a submonolayer of adsorbed atoms or ions are significantly influenced by the absence or presence of lateral diffusion of the adsorbed particles. When diffusion is present, the adsorbate configuration is simultaneously changed by two distinct processes, proceeding in parallel: adsorption/desorption, which changes the total adsorbate coverage, and lateral diffusion, which is coverage conserving. Inspired by experimental results, we here study the effects of these competing processes by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of a simple lattice-gas model. In order to untangle the various effects, we perform large-scale simulations, in which we monitor coverage, correlation length, and cluster-size distributions, as well as the behavior of representative individual clusters, during desorption. For each initial adsorbate configuration, we perform multiple, independent simulations, without and with diffusion, respectively. We find that, compared to desorption without diffusion, the coverage-conserving diffusion process produces two competing effects: a retardation of the desorption rate, which is associated with a coarsening of the adsorbate configuration, and an acceleration due to desorption of monomers “evaporated” from the cluster perimeters. The balance between these two effects is governed by the structure of the adsorbate layer at the beginning of the desorption process. Deceleration and coarsening are predominant for configurations dominated by monomers and small clusters, while acceleration is predominant for configurations dominated by large clusters.
Superconductivity in 1111-type CaFeAsF1−xHx induced by selective hydrogen elimination
Authors: Hanna Taku , Muraba Yoshinori , Matsuishi Satoru , Hosono Hideo
Published: October 2013

The difference in thermal stability of F− and H− in 1111-type iron based superconductors allows selective hydrogen elimination from non-superconductive CaFeAsF0.8H0.2 by thermal annealing. The analyzed chemical composition of the resulting samples indicates that incorporated hydrogen was selectively eliminated by thermal annealing at 553 K for 72 h. The resulting hydrogen-eliminated sample shows bulk superconductivity with Tc = 29 K. This technique may be used for indirect electron doping for AeFeAeF (Ae, alkali-earth metal) iron based superconductor described by CaFeAsF1−xHx → CaFeAsF1−x + xe− + 1/2xH2↑.
Direct measurement of synchronization between femtosecond laser pulses and a 3 GHz radio frequency electric field inside a resonant cavity
Authors: Brussaard G. J. H. , Lassise A. , Pasmans P. L. E. M. , Mutsaers P. H. A. , van der Wiel M. J. , Luiten O. J.
Published: October 2013

We demonstrate a method to measure synchronization between femtosecond laser pulses and the electric field inside a resonant 3 GHz radio frequency (RF) cavity. The method utilizes the Pockels effect in a crystal inside the RF cavity by measuring the retardation of the components of polarization as a function of RF phase. Resolution of the setup used is shown to be 29 ± 2 fs (root-mean-square, rms), with timing jitter between the laser pulses and the RF field inside the cavity of 96 ± 7 fs (rms). The method provides a tool to reduce jitter and improve time-resolution in ultrafast electron diffraction experiments.
Beyond linear gyrocenter polarization in gyrokinetic theory
Authors: Brizard Alain J.
Published: October 2013

The concept of polarization in gyrokinetic theory is clarified and generalized to include contributions from the guiding-center (zeroth-order) polarization as well as the nonlinear (second-order) gyrocenter polarization. The guiding-center polarization, which appears as the antecedent (zeroth-order) of the standard linear (first-order) gyrocenter polarization, is obtained from a modified guiding-center transformation. The nonlinear gyrocenter polarization is derived either variationally from the third-order gyrocenter Hamiltonian or directly by gyrocenter push-forward method.
SLAC x-ray user facility to be updated, again
Authors: Kramer David
Published: October 2013

A Department of Energy advisory committee warns that the US will fall behind other nations without a world-leading free-electron laser x-ray source.
High level of intergenera gene exchange shapes the evolution of haloarchaea in an isolated Antarctic lake
Authors: DeMaere Matthew Z. , Williams Timothy J. , Allen Michelle A. , Brown Mark V. , Gibson John A. E. , Rich John , Lauro Federico M. , Dyall-Smith Michael , Davenport Karen W. , Woyke Tanja , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Tringe Susannah G. , Cavicchioli Ricardo
Published: October 2013

Significance

Horizontal gene exchange across species boundaries is considered infrequent relative to vertical inheritance that maintains species coherence. However, haloarchaea living in hypersaline environments take a more relaxed approach to gene exchange. Here we demonstrate that in Deep Lake, Antarctica, haloarchaea exchange DNA between distinct genera, not just species, with some of the DNA being long (up to 35 kb) and virtually 100% conserved. With extremely low cell division rates in the cold (e.g., six generations per year), the remarkable extent of lateral exchange could conceivably homogenize the population. It is therefore equally notable that despite the demonstrated capacity for exchange, different genera are maintained, their coexistence being linked to genomic differences conferring ecotype distinctions that enable niche adaptation.
Tracking the establishment of local endemic populations of an emergent enteric pathogen
Authors: Holt Kathryn E. , Thieu Nga Tran Vu , Thanh Duy Pham , Vinh Ha , Kim Dong Wook , Vu Tra My Phan , Campbell James I. , Hoang Nguyen Van Minh , Vinh Nguyen Thanh , Minh Pham Van , Thuy Cao Thu , Nga Tran Thi Thu , Thompson Corinne , Dung Tran Thi Ngoc , Nhu Nguyen Thi Khanh , Vinh Phat Voong , Tuyet Pham Thi Ngoc , Phuc Hoang Le , Lien Nguyen Thi Nam , Phu Bui Duc , Ai Nguyen Thi Thuy , Tien Nguyen Manh , Dong Nguyen , Parry Christopher M. , Hien Tran Tinh , Farrar Jeremy J. , Parkhill Julian , Dougan Gordon , Thomson Nicholas R. , Baker Stephen
Published: October 2013

Significance

Shigella sonnei
is a globally emerging agent of bacterial dysentery. Here, we use genomics to examine the microevolution of
S. sonnei
in Vietnam. We show that
S. sonnei
was introduced into Vietnam in the early 1980s, where it continued to evolve, spreading geographically to establish localized founder populations. The population in Ho Chi Minh City has undergone several localized clonal replacement events, during which a small number of microevolutionary changes have risen to dominance. These changes, induced by horizontal gene transfer and substitution mutations, confer high-level antimicrobial resistance and the ability to kill other gut bacteria. This work provides a unique, high-resolution insight into the microevolution of a pioneering human pathogen during its establishment in a new host population.
Like cognitive function, decision making across the life span shows profound age-related changes
Authors: Tymula Agnieszka , Rosenberg Belmaker Lior A. , Ruderman Lital , Glimcher Paul W. , Levy Ifat
Published: October 2013

Significance

Although largely unstudied, behavioral changes in decision making across the life span have implications for problems associated with poor decision making at different life stages, such as careless driving in adolescents and disadvantageous medical or financial decision making in older adults. We examine age-based differences in individual decision-making characteristics—choice consistency, rationality, and preferences for known and unknown risks—in 12- to 90-y-olds. We found that even the healthiest of elders show profoundly compromised decision making, and that risk attitudes show systematic changes across the life span that have important policy implications.
Mice infer probabilistic models for timing
Authors: Li Yi , Dudman Joshua Tate
Published: October 2013

Significance

To make optimal decisions in the presence of uncertainty requires the inference of probabilistic models. For example, financial decision theory posits that selection of optimal portfolios requires information about both the mean and variance of expected returns. In the timing literature it is often suggested that rodents learn the delay until reward delivery with a fixed relative uncertainty. However, in a natural environment the timing of events may have an arbitrary uncertainty. Thus, we asked whether mice could infer probabilistic models of timing in highly dynamic environments. Here we have developed a behavioral paradigm to show that mice can accumulate reward timing information over many tens of trials to infer accurate probabilistic models and make optimal decisions.
Significance of endangered and threatened plant natural products in the control of human disease
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Ali , Na MinKyun , Oh Joonseok , Schinazi Raymond F. , McBrayer Tami R. , Whitaker Tony , Doerksen Robert J. , Newman David J. , Zachos Louis G. , Hamann Mark T.
Published: October 2013

Significance

In this report we describe a group of highly complex glycosides active against hepatitis C virus and a separate group of natural products active against established targets for the control of diabetes mellitus. These complex metabolites were found in the rare plant
Diplostephium rhododendroides
Hieron. from the mountains of Ecuador. This report illustrates the human health significance of protecting rare and endangered plants for the control of new and emerging diseases. The extinction of this particular plant would have taken with it promising opportunities to develop unique treatments for the control of two modern-day disease challenges. The genus
Diplostephium
is represented by several plant species with a history of use in traditional medicine in Central and South America.
Heme impairs the ball-and-chain inactivation of potassium channels
Authors: Sahoo Nirakar , Goradia Nishit , Ohlenschläger Oliver , Schönherr Roland , Friedrich Manfred , Plass Winfried , Kappl Reinhard , Hoshi Toshinori , Heinemann Stefan H.
Published: October 2013

Significance

Heme, traditionally viewed as a stable protein cofactor such as in hemoglobin, also serves as an acute signaling molecule and is cytotoxic at high concentrations. Here, we show that free intracellular heme potently enhances A-type potassium channel function. Such channels determine action potential frequency in excitable cells, and their dysfunction often contributes to pathological hyperexcitability, such as in pain and epilepsy. Binding of free heme at nanomolar concentrations to the “ball-and-chain” N terminus of A-type potassium channels, which typically closes the channels, introduces a stable structure in the otherwise disordered region and allows for a greater efflux of potassium ions, thus reducing cellular excitability. Heme therefore could be a powerful negative-feedback regulator in brain and muscle function.
Psychotherapy across languages: beliefs, attitudes and practices of monolingual and multilingual therapists with their multilingual patients
Authors: Costa Beverley , Dewaele Jean-Marc
Published: October 2013

Aims: The present study investigates beliefs, attitudes and practices of 101 monolingual and multilingual therapists in their interactions with multilingual patients. Method: A mixed‐method approach was adopted using an online questionnaire with closed questions, and informed questions in interviews with one monolingual and two multilingual therapists. Results: A principal component analysis yielded a four‐factor solution accounting for 41% of the variance. The first dimension, which explained 17% of variance, reflects therapists' attunement towards their bilingual patients (attunement versus collusion). Further analysis showed that the 18 monolingual therapists differed significantly from their 83 bi‐ or multilingual peers on this dimension. The follow‐up interviews confirmed this result. Discussion: Recommendations based on these findings are made for psychotherapy training and supervision.
Aberrant ZNF423 impedes B cell differentiation and is linked to adverse outcome of ETV6-RUNX1 negative B precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Harder Lena , Eschenburg Georg , Zech Antonia , Kriebitzsch Neele , Otto Benjamin , Streichert Thomas , Behlich Anna-Sophie , Dierck Kevin , Klingler Bine , Hansen Arne , Stanulla Martin , Zimmermann Martin , Kremmer Elisabeth , Stocking Carol , Horstmann Martin A.
Published: October 2013

Differentiation arrest is a hallmark of acute leukemia. Genomic alterations in B cell differentiation factors such as PAX5, IKZF1, and EBF-1 have been identified in more than half of all cases of childhood B precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Here, we describe a perturbed epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of ZNF423 in ALL as a novel mechanism interfering with B cell differentiation. Hypomethylation of ZNF423 regulatory sequences and BMP2 signaling result in transactivation of ZNF423α and a novel ZNF423β-isoform encoding a nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex–interacting domain. Aberrant ZNF423 inhibits the transactivation of EBF-1 target genes and leads to B cell maturation arrest in vivo. Importantly, ZNF423 expression is associated with poor outcome of ETV6-RUNX1–negative B precursor ALL patients. Our work demonstrates that ALL is more than a genetic disease and that epigenetics may uncover novel mechanisms of disease with prognostic implications.
Religion and Piety
Authors: Pernau Margrit
Published: October 2013

In this chapter the author presents a variety of religious views and the different devotional practices and communities to which they gave rise, as well as the boundary lines and the crossing of boundaries between them. The first section uses the establishment of an annual procession to the shrine of the Sufi Qutb ud Din at Mahrauli to present the devotional culture, the social basis, and the community building of the Chishti Sufi order. The second section looks at the Naqshbandi Sufi order and the reforms in Muslim devotional practice led by Mirza Jan-e Janan and his successors. The third section discusses the school of Shah Wali Ullah and the beginning of a new hardening of the boundaries between the religious communities and shifts in focus and priorities within the communities of Muslims in the nineteenth century.
The 1857 Rebellion
Authors: Pernau Margrit
Published: October 2013

Hardly any other event in modern Indian history has been discussed as passionately by contemporaries and later generations as the rebellion of 1857, which threatened, at least briefly, to topple British rule in the Indian subcontinent. The first section of this chapter traces the causes of the revolt. The second section concentrates on the course of events of the revolt in Delhi, that is, the period from May to September 1857. The focus here is on the competing notions of what forms of government were to be established or re-established. The final section investigates the shaping of memories of the rebellion, examining both Indian memoirs and the way the British utilized memories of the ‘mutiny’ until long after the First World War to legitimize and stabilize their rule with images of the culturally superior colonial power and the treacherous and cruel natives.
Emotion and music in narrative films: A neuroscientific perspective
Authors: Kuchinke Lars , Kappelhoff Hermann , Koelsch Stefan
Published: October 2013

There are many different ways in which emotions can be elicited by narrative films. This chapter explores neuroscientific perspectives on music as an important factor involved in the evocation of emotion in narrative films. Is there evidence for a visual dominance in viewing a film, so that emotional effects of music only follow the visual experiences? Or can we also find circumstances where musical information dominates the interpretation of film scenes? This chapter reviews evidence from media sciences and experimental psychology that music modulates the emotional experiences induced by a film, often increasing the intensity of such experiences. In addition, recent neuroscientific research is presented that provides the most probable neural bases of these effects, extended by a short review of recent findings in the neuroimaging literature on film and music.
Elections and Democracy in France, 1789–1848
Authors: Crook Malcolm
Published: October 2013

When French revolutionaries abolished privilege, they undermined the traditional basis for representing society. Elections acquired a central role in the new political order, because they could be seen as expressing its fundamental legitimating principle: the sovereignty of the people. But what forms could elections appropriately take in a post-privilege society? The French experimented with answers to this question through the revolutionary and Napoleonic years, across the Restoration and liberal eras, into the Second Republic and beyond. Changes from time to time in who was allowed to vote provided only one element in a complex picture. Following a traditional model, revolutionary elections to national bodies were usually indirect, though in the early nineteenth century direct election came to be preferred. The physical and social context of the voting process provided another focus for experimentation.