bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Persian version of worry questionnaire – Contrast avoidance model
Authors: Javaherirenani Razieh , Ahadianfard Pantea , Ashouri Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Background:

According to the contrast avoidance (CA) model, avoiding sudden emotional changes can lead to pathological worry. There is no valid tool to measure CA tendencies in Iranian people. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a Persian version of the Contrast Avoidance Questionnaire-Worry (CAQ-W).

Material and Methods:

By convenience sampling, 426 participants were selected. The validity of the scale was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Additionally, this scale was tested for convergent validity with other scales. The coefficient theta, theta coefficient, and composite reliability were used to calculate the scale’s reliability.

Results:

There were three factors identified by the exploratory factor analysis, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.963 for the whole scale. It was found that the composite reliability ranged between 0.82 and 0.89. The composite reliability and extracted variance were respectively 0.569 and 0.975. Thus, the factors were found to be convergent. Based on CAQ-W, there is a positive and significant correlation between Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) (r = .846) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) (r = .720). Also, confirmatory factor analysis supported its 3-factor structure.

Conclusion:

As complementary measures of CA tendencies, the CAQ-W has demonstrated strong psychometric properties.
The effect of educational intervention based on mobile learning on the knowledge and self-efficacy of healthcare providers in vaccination
Authors: Shamsi Leila , Janighorban Mojgan , Mohamadirizi Soheila
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

The gap between the knowledge and self-efficacy of healthcare providers and their actual function in doing vaccination calls for the implementation of a program that can empower them. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of mobile learning educational intervention on the knowledge and self-efficacy of healthcare providers in conducting vaccination.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This field trial study was conducted in 2022 on 100 healthcare providers working in comprehensive health centers in Khomeini Shahr City, Isfahan Province, Iran. The samples were randomly selected and divided into two groups intervention and control. The intervention group received vaccination training through two in-person sessions and utilized a smartphone application, which included videos, photos, and text-based content, for one month. Before and one month after the intervention, the participants completed the researcher-made questionnaires to measure their vaccination-related knowledge and self-efficacy. The validity and reliability of the tools were assessed and confirmed. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 as well as t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square.

RESULTS:

Based on the results of the paired t-test, in the intervention group there was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of knowledge and self-efficacy of conducting vaccination before and after the intervention (P < 0.0001; P = 0.004). However, in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.057; P = 0.642).

CONCLUSION:

Given the importance of vaccination in children’s health, it can be concluded that education based on mobile learning is an effective approach to increasing the knowledge and self-efficacy of healthcare providers in conducting vaccinations. In the context of public health services, such as vaccination, the utilization of mobile-based training is recommended as a means to empower healthcare providers.
The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and its correlation with health beliefs among medical students
Authors: Amiri Mohammad , Mikal Zahra Mehmannavaz , Sadeghi Elham , Khosravi Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Background:

Prolonged exposure to chronic stressors, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, heightens the likelihood of experiencing various physical and mental health complications, including developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The objective of the current study was to assess the prevalence of PTSD and examine its association with health beliefs among students enrolled in the Shahroud University of Medical Sciences.

Materials And Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 and involved 350 students from diverse medical sciences. The participants were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. The study utilized health belief and PTSD questionnaires to collect data. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-square, and multiple regression models.

Results:

The average PTSD score among students was 43.3 ± 13.1. It was shown that 81 (23.8%) individuals had a lower score of PTSD. Furthermore, 161 (47.3%) were determined to have moderate levels of PTSD, while 99 (29%) had severe levels of PTSD. The average health beliefs score was 97.4 ± 15.0 out of 184, indicating moderate health views. The findings show a correlation between more outstanding total scores on health behaviors and a lower average score on PTSD. Regarding variables, it was discovered that Ph.D. and professional doctorate students had higher PTSD ratings than undergraduate students. Individuals with weaker economic means had a 4.6-point higher average PTSD score than those with a monthly income exceeding $300. Furthermore, people with moderate to high anxiety levels due to COVID-19 had a considerably higher average PTSD score, roughly 13.3 higher, than those who experienced lower stress levels.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate a negative correlation between the total score of health behaviors and the average score of PTSD. Furthermore, the variables of educational level, impoverished economic status, and anxiety induced by the COVID-19 pandemic emerged as significant predictors of elevated scores on the PTSD scale. In order to increase psychological health and reduce PTSD in students, this research suggests teaching health principles in the context of COVID-19.
Exploring academic dishonesty among medical students during clinical rotations: Prevalence, causes, and types in NKUMS, Iran
Authors: Rastgar Morteza , Rabbani Saeed , Farrokhi Esmaeil , Namdar Ahmadabad Hasan
Published: January 2025

In a descriptive-analytical study, we investigated academic dishonesty among general medical students during clinical rotations and proposed suggestions for improvement. A total of 106 medical students in the clinical periods were randomly selected for the study. We used a questionnaire consisting of four parts: demographic characteristics, causes of dishonesty, types of dishonesty, and suggestions for reducing dishonesty. The results showed that 50% of the students had a history of dishonesty during their clinical rotations. Marital status and the stage of clinical education were found to be related to dishonesty. The main reasons for dishonesty reported by the students were distress during clinical rotations and a lack of alignment between clinical education and their expectations. Common types of dishonesty during clinical rotations included gathering exam information from previous students and falsifying attendance records. The study concludes that the high prevalence of academic dishonesty among medical students during clinical rotations is concerning. It suggests the need to address distress among students, align clinical education with learners’ expectations, and continuously monitor academic integrity to reduce dishonesty.
Management competencies at different organizational levels: A study of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Yoshari Parisa , Naghshi Maryam , Musavi Saeed , Khodayari-Zarnaq Rahim
Published: January 2025

Managers should have the necessary competencies to achieve organizational goals. Employees have worked with different managers and have valid opinions about managerial competencies. The aim of studies is to investigate the managerial skills required at various managerial levels from the perspective of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (TBZMED) staff. This quantitative study was carried out in 2023. The statistical population included all employees of TBZMED. The census sampling method was used to select the participants A Likert questionnaire was created to measure the professional competencies of management. Before using the questionnaire, its validity and reliability were checked. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and in this study, P-value less than 5% was considered statistically significant. 120 completed questionnaires were received from TBZMED employees. The findings showed that strategic thinking, goal orientation, and performance management are the most important skills for top managers to achieve organizational goals. For middle managers, team building and networking are essential skills. For basic managers, accountability, commitment, belonging, organization, planning, and coordination are key skills. In addition, analytical thinking, problem solving, innovation, and creative thinking are important skills for all levels of managers. The study found the competencies managers need to act well. By improving these competencies and communicating better, managers can increase organizational commitment and achieve goals.
Effectiveness of nurse-led multi-component intervention program (NLMIP) on improving antiretroviral therapy adherence, CD4 count, psychological distress, and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and attending ART center – A protocol study
Authors: Sonia Gulati , Hariprasath Pandurangan , Kumar Gupta P.
Published: January 2025

Background:

Before the beginning of antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients require education. The nurse’s involvement in educating the patient about the ART regimen begins before treatment begins and continues for the duration of the patient’s life. This study will help determine the effectiveness of a nurse-led multi-component intervention program (NLMIP) on antiretroviral medication adherence, CD4 count, psychological distress and quality of life of people living with HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA).

Methods and Materials:

The study will be conducted at the ART center of a selected 1532 bedded, multi-specialty, tertiary care, central government funded, teaching hospital in Delhi, India, during the years 2022–2024. The research design is a randomized controlled trial (pre-test-post-test, control group design/repeated measure design). Participants will be randomized into experimental and control groups. NLMIP will be introduced by the researcher to the experimental group. Data will be collected on the various study variables at three different intervals consecutively, that is, at baseline (day 1), after 12 weeks (post-test 1), and after 24 weeks (post-test 2) of the follow-up period. Chi-square, t-test, and Fisher’s exact test will be used to compare the two groups based on the demographic, clinical, and selected variables. Two sample Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) tests will be applied to determine the significance in the difference of pre-tested variables between the two groups.

Results:

The present study will assess the difference in the outcome variables of two groups (experimental and control) of PLWHA on the basis of NLMIP.

Conclusions:

NLMIP will provide a comprehensive guide for nurses and other health care professionals to provide regular health education to PLWHA who are registered for ART.
The effect of Shirodhara on essential hypertension: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khapre Meenakshi , Dhanlika Dhanlika , Mohanty Sriloy , Mehndiratta Amrita
Published: January 2025

Essential hypertension, a common multifactorial condition, is a significant public health concern. In India, the prevalence of hypertension is high, with estimates indicating a rising trend. Shirodhara, an Ayurvedic therapy, has exhibited the potential for stress reduction and relaxation. Thus, the review investigates the effect of Shirodhara on systolic and diastolic blood pressure and its impact on clinical symptoms like palpitation, insomnia, giddiness, fatigue, and headache in essential hypertensive patients. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Shodhganga, Web of Science search for this systematic review and meta-analysis from inception to June 2023. Evidence from RCTs was synthesized as a standardized mean difference (SMDs) for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, comparing participants who received Shirodhara intervention along with Ayurveda medication and those who received only Ayurveda medication. The Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for randomized control trials (RoB-2) was used for the quality assessment of randomized control trials. Analysis was done using Medcalc software. The comparison table is provided for the percentage of relief in clinical symptoms in both groups. Out of four RCTs, only three were included for quantitative analysis, which mentioned the mean and standard deviation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Meta-analyses revealed the effects of Shirodhara on systolic blood pressure (n = 100), the mean difference (MD) was − 1.257 mmHg, (2.660–0.145), I
2 = 89.3%, and diastolic blood pressure (n = 100) MD was − 0.40 mmHg, (−0.79–0.01) I
2 = 0. The percentage of relief in clinical symptoms was notably higher in the Shirodhara and Ayurveda groups than in the Ayurvedic drug group. Shirodhara lowered diastolic blood pressure significantly, but it has low clinical value. Shirodhara’s effect on systolic blood pressure remained unclear. Relief in clinical symptom score was notable. Larger, well-designed research is needed to prove Shirodhara’s effectiveness in hypertension management and optimize therapy methods.
Enhancing the research enterprise at a health sciences university: A call for an institutional paradigm shift
Authors: Beutel Bryan G. , Bissing Taryn , Patel Aaditya , Duong Nicolette , Talley Jan
Published: January 2025

Background:

There exists a rapidly growing need for a universally robust research enterprise at health sciences universities because of recent changes in the medical education landscape. This study aimed to evaluate student perceptions of (and challenges conducting) research and to implement effective strategies to expose students to enhanced resources and training.

Materials and Methods:

An anonymous survey developed using participatory research methods was disseminated to all students at a graduate health sciences university in 2023. This measured their engagement in research, resource needs, and barriers. Descriptive statistics quantitively analyzed factors that influence student participation in research, perceived benefits, and obstacles to performing research. Content analyses of open-ended responses outlined strategies to improve the research endeavor.

Results:

Of 580 responses, the vast majority (78%) were “interested” or “very interested” in performing research, but only 36% were actively engaged in projects. The most commonly cited benefit of research was to improve competitiveness for future training opportunities (431 [18%] responses). Frequently listed barriers to conducting research were lack of time within the curriculum (290 [27%] responses), inadequate institutional support (278 [26%]), and faculty unavailability (207 [19%]). Students proposed multiple initiatives to enhance research infrastructure, including a central communication website to exchange research ideas, expansion of research mentors and opportunities/partnerships, and hiring research-focused support staff.

Conclusions:

A critical need exists at health sciences universities for a shift toward universal recognition of the need for an enhanced research enterprise that addresses key barriers to student engagement. This study proposes strategies to achieve an active research model.
Burnout among nurses practicing in critical care units: Predicting the contributing factors
Authors: Yousif Sahar Yaqoob , AL-Fayyadh Sadeq
Published: January 2025

Background:

Critical care nurses work in complex healthcare environments, which makes them more susceptible to burnout. Despite extensive research on burnout among nurses no previous study targeted burnout contributing factors in Iraq. Thus, this study aimed to determine the predicting the most influential factors in the development of burnout among critical care nurses.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive correlational design was used with 377 nurses who were practicing in critical care units in 13 public teaching hospitals in Iraq. Data were collected using socio-demographic, professional characteristics of nurses, Nurses Alarm Fatigue questionnaire, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Burnout Assessment Tool. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were used for data analysis.

Results:

The multiple regression showed that nurses’ anxiety, stress, alarm fatigue, depression, and time span positively predict nurses’ burnout (P value = .000.,000.,000.,033.,036), respectively. On the other hand, only nurses’ age inversely predicts burnout level (P value = .008).

Conclusion:

Anxiety, stress, alarm fatigue, depression, and time span are the most influential factors in the development of burnout. Age was the only variable that predicted burnout inversely.
Understanding Perceptions, Attitudes, Myths and beliefs Towards Public Health(/dentistry) amongst Interns and Post Graduate Students in India amidst COVID-19 Pandemic- A Qualitative Approach
Authors: Kale Sonal , Shetiya Sahana Hegde , Kapoor Shivam , Tripathi Surbhi , Shetty Punith
Published: January 2025

Background:

Understanding the perspective of students toward a dental subject is essential as it gives an idea on the positive as well as negative aspects of the subject and helps in planning further changes toward the subject.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to understand and assess the perceptions, attitudes, myths, and beliefs toward PH dentistry (PHD) among dental interns (DIs) and postgraduate students (PGs) in India through a qualitative approach.

Materials and Methods:

PGs (n = 10) and DIs (n = 10) representing five zones (East, West, Central, North, and South) were selected for the study from the dental colleges of India for focus group discussion (FGDs) conducted between September 2020 and February 2021. Conceptual framework was prepared pertaining to the aim of the study. FGD was organized through a Zoom meeting.

Results:

PGs and DIs had different perspectives toward the public health and PHD. The specialty being theoretical was the common response given in both the FGDs. Interns preferred other specialties over PHD for future prospects and lucrative pay. The lack of practicality and importance given to the specialty by higher authorities in India were reported by DIs and PGs, respectively.

Conclusion:

DIs and PGs have a negative attitude, superimposed with discouraging myths and misconceptions related to PHD with a lack of awareness among DIs regarding the future scope of this specialty. A practical approach to teach students to create interest is needed along with involving PHDs in government health programs.
Validity and Reliability of the Kannada Version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire-Short Form
Authors: Sapna B. , Sulthana D. S. Gazala
Published: January 2025

Background:

Parenting style is an important determinant in the field of dentistry to understand children’s oral health outcomes.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to translate the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire-Short Form (PSDQ-SF) in Kannada language and check its validity and reliability.

Materials and Methods:

The English version of PSDQ-SF was translated into Kannada language using the WHO guidelines. Content validity and face validity were assessed with the help of six experts. Amendments were made to get the final synthesized version. The final version of the translated tool was given to 150 parents of children aged between 6 and 12 years to test its reliability.

Results:

An acceptable item-level content validity index (I-CVI values ranging from 0.83 to 1) and scale-level content validity index (S-CVI values ranging from 0.98 to 0.99) were obtained. The face validity was tested on the basis of consensus among the translators, investigators, and six experts (index of clarity – 98.4%). Acceptable internal consistency was obtained for total scale (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.72). For subscales, it was found to be good for authoritative (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.83), acceptable for authoritarian (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.75), and questionable for permissive (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.60). The test–retest reliability score was 0.80 which reflected excellent reliability.

Conclusions:

The Kannada version of PSDQ-SF was found to be valid and reliable with acceptable to good scores. Hence, it can be used on Kannada-knowing population by dental health professionals in their clinical practice as well as for research purposes.
Should Medications Be Prescribed to Patients in Generic Form? Dental Practitioners’ Perspective
Authors: More Saudamini G , Patil Tejal , Shetty Tanvi , Bhanushali Monika , Sawant Hitesh
Published: January 2025

Background:

The initial line of dental treatment is antibiotic and analgesic prescription in order to control the inflammatory symptoms which add to the rising cost of dental care. The National Medical Commission mandates physicians to prescribe all drugs in their generic form.

Objective:

To harness the knowledge, attitude, and practice model to assess the cognizance of dental practitioners about generic medicines for dental patients and Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP) by the Government of India.

Methods:

An electronic survey was done among 249 dental practitioners of Mumbai and Navi Mumbai region. A custom-made 25-item (close- and open-ended questions) questionnaire tool was used after validation from 10 subject matter experts. The questions asked were related to demography, knowledge, awareness, and preference of generic drugs.

Results:

Only 26.5% of the practitioners had adequate knowledge about generic drugs. Practitioners working in private setup and dental hospitals (P = 0.013) and those with lesser years of experience had adequate knowledge about generic drugs (P = 0.00). About 60% of practitioners were aware about the PMBJP scheme. Around 62% of participants were not confident about prescribing drugs in their generic form.

Conclusion:

Although most of the practitioners were aware of the PMBJP scheme, they lacked the awareness regarding generic drugs per se. Dental practitioners need to be updated in their knowledge of generic drugs to facilitate astute generic drug prescription.
Comparative Evaluation of Salivary pH, Gustatory Function, and Dental Caries among Pubertal, Menstruation, Menopause Women – An Analytical Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sindhusha Banda Sri Deepti , Srinivas Ravoori , Pachava Srinivas
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

Saliva is the most available and noninvasive biofluid of the human body. There are five situations in a women’s life during which hormone fluctuations make them more susceptible to oral health problems during puberty, in monthly menstrual cycle, when using birth control pills, during pregnancy, and menopause.

Aim and Objective:

The objective is to evaluate salivary pH, gustatory function, dental caries among pubertal, menstruation, and menopause women.

Materials and Methods:

The study was carried out on 60 individuals and divided into three groups – puberty, menstruation, and menopause, 20 in each group. Salivary pH was measured using salivary pH strips and for gustatory function whole mouth taste test was performed in which the quality identification and intensity of taste solutions were measured. Dental caries was calculated using def and DMFT Index.

Results:

In the present study, statistically significant difference was found between the groups with respect to salivary pH (P = 0.007) and DMFT score (P < 0.001). Regarding correct quality identification, the results were nonsignificant. However, three among pubertal and menopause respectively were unable to identify the sweet taste correctly. Regarding the intensity of taste perception, statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in sweet (P = 0.002) and bitter (P = 0.009) and no statistical significance regarding salt and sour tastes.

Conclusion:

Women are more susceptible to salivary changes because of unique hormonal changes they experience. Hence, in this study, decreased in salivary pH is associated with increased DMFT score.
Cryoablation of the Sacroiliac Joint in a Case of Sacroiliac Joint Arthropathy
Authors: Chilumula Ch Pavani , Das Gautam , Kara Krishna Ramesh
Published: January 2025

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is one of the most common but underdiagnosed sources of lower back pain, with the prevalence of 15%–30%. Treatments of SIJ pain most commonly involve conservative strategies that are exercises or medications. Various methods for nonresponders of SIJ pain are local anesthetic with or without steroid injection, radiofrequency denervation of SIJ with either conventional, cooled, or cryoablation technique. As SIJ has complex sensory innervation and cryoablation has an added benefit of larger size lesion and immediately pain relief can be tried for better results. Hence, here, we present a patient who had a complaint of SIJ pain and undergone cryoablation with hybrid technique using ultrasonography and fluoroscopy.
Usage of Triphala choornam, Padigara neer, Nilavembu kudineer, and Maththan thylam in treating Pitha Iyya Madhumega Punn in Siddha: A case series study
Authors: Gangadharan Binthuja , Nelson Reuben Kingseeli Devadass
Published: January 2025

Background:

Pitha Iyya Madhumega pun, also known as diabetic ulcers, are a major concern for individuals with high blood sugar levels. These ulcers have a slow healing rate and are at risk of recurrence and also referred to as “Arithir theervana,” indicating their slow or non-healing nature. However, with proper care and treatment following the Siddha regimen, diabetic ulcers can be effectively treated.

Case Series:

A 65-year-old man (case 1), a 67-year-old man (case 2), a 63-year-old woman (case 3), and a 57-year-old man (case 4) presented to the Government Primary Health Centre, Siddha Wing, Kayamozhi, Tuticorin, with complaints of whitish pus leakage, pain, and swelling around wounds. They were diagnosed with diabetic ulcers and treated externally with Siddha medications including Thiriphala chooranam, Padigara neer, Nilavembu kudineer (Siddha formulation), and Maththan thylam (wound-healing Siddha medicated oil) to document wound-healing efficacy.

Conclusion:

Reduction in the pus formation along with faster wound healing was observed when Padigara neer was used as Kazhuvu Neer (washing solution), Nilavembu kudineer as Vedhu (steaming), and Maththan thylam dressing. The ulcer was healed completely, and the patient’s daily functioning showed improvement. The Siddha treatment has shown promising results in managing diabetic ulcers, as demonstrated in this study; further randomized controlled trials are necessary to validate these findings.
The role of single dose and prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis in the presence of drains to prevent surgical site infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Jiajie , Chi Jiayu , Wu Meilin , Wu Wenqi , Zhou Zhitao , Xu Li , Qiu Mingjie , Tian Sai , Dou Liuqing , Wu Xiuwen , Ren Jianan
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

The duration of antibiotic use in patients with postoperative drains is a critical aspect of postsurgical care aimed at preventing surgical site infection (SSI) and reducing adverse events. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis in the presence of postoperative drainage to prevent SSIs.

Methods:

A comprehensive search in MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, World Health Organization regional medical databases, and African Index Medicus was performed. The time limit was set from January 1990 to June 2024. The quality of the evidence from the studies was further assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The study protocol was registered previously on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42024516856).

Results:

Twelve randomized controlled trials concerning whether to prolong the use of prophylactic antibiotics were enrolled finally and recruited a total of 3692 patients, with 1837 in the prolonged group and 1855 in the single-dose group. Meta-analysis of the data pooled from the 12 studies showed no difference in risk of SSI between the two groups (odds ratio: 0.90; 95% confidence interval: [0.72–1.13]; P = 0.36). No publication bias was found. According to the GRADE, the quality of evidence was low due to serious risk and serious imprecision.

Conclusion:

The meta-analysis shows that prolonged antibiotic prophylaxis in the presence of a wound drain has neither benefit nor harm in reducing SSI. Single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in the presence of drainage would be feasible in any setting.
Short geodesics and small eigenvalues on random hyperbolic punctured spheres
Authors: Hide Will , Thomas Joe
Published: January 2025

We study the number of short geodesics and small eigenvalues on Weil–Petersson random genus zero hyperbolic surfaces with

n

cusps in the regime

n\to\infty

. Inspired by work of Mirzakhani and Petri (2019), we show that the random multiset of lengths of closed geodesics converges, after a suitable rescaling, to a Poisson point process with explicit intensity. As a consequence, we show that the Weil–Petersson probability that a hyperbolic punctured sphere with

n

cusps has at least

k=o(n)

arbitrarily small eigenvalues tends to

1

as

n\to\infty

.
Research and Application of Integrated Durability Simulation
Technology for Body in White
Authors: Wang Xicheng , Li Xin , Pang Huan , Song Bifeng
Published: January 2025

As the competition in the new energy passenger vehicle market continues to
intensify, OEMs are accelerating the deployment and replacement of new energy
vehicles. Therefore, higher requirements are being put forward for the research
and development cycle of vehicle models, especially in the field of CAE virtual
verification. The durability simulation analysis and verification cycle of white
body is the longest, becoming one of the bottlenecks restricting the compression
of project research and development cycles.

This paper proposes an integrated technology route of virtual simulation
replacing physical verification. By applying virtual proving ground (VPG) and
virtual wheel coupling bench simulation technology, the durability simulation
calculation of the body in white (BIW) with “zero sample vehicle and zero test”
is achieved. Pseudo damage sensitivity analysis technology is used to simplify
the analysis of working conditions and support the rapid verification and
improvement of the body in white before prototype production in the design
phase. The research and application results indicate that the integrated
technology of virtual simulation for body in white can accurately identify the
risk of solder joint failure in white body, significantly shorten the
verification cycle by 70%, the accuracy of pseudo damage calibration meets
0.8-1.2, and has high engineering application value.
Research on Noise Optimization of Exhaust System for Hydrogen Fuel
Cell Vehicles
Authors: Zhou Jiawang , Jiang Xiaokun , Qiu Yongjin , Chen Jiyuan , Feng Pengfei , Xie Qiguang , Xie Xiaoping , Tan Ligang
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a strategy to reduce exhaust noise in fuel cell vehicles. It
focuses on optimizing the exhaust system. The innovation is an integrated
muffler device. It combines a vapor separator and an absorptive-reactive
muffler. The vapor separator removes moisture from exhaust gases. This prevents
damage to sound-absorbing materials. It keeps mufflers functional for longer.
Fuel cell vehicles produce noise across a wide frequency range. This makes noise
reduction challenging. The absorptive-reactive muffler improves noise
attenuation. It works across the full frequency spectrum. The combination of the
separator and muffler enhances noise reduction. Simulations show high
transmission loss. They also confirm acceptable back pressure. Real-vehicle
testing supports these results. The optimized system reduces idle noise by 22.1
dB(A). This is a 32.4% reduction. Blowdown noise is reduced by 46.3 dB(A), or
40.1%. Full-throttle noise drops by over 20 dB(A), a 17.2% decrease. The design
significantly reduces exhaust noise. It offers a new approach to noise
control.
A Novel Adaptive PMP-Based Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell
Vehicle Based on Short-Term Driving Condition and Historical States of Power
System
Authors: Wu Huiduo , Min Haitao , Zhao Honghui , Sun Weiyi
Published: January 2025

Energy management strategy (EMS) based on vehicle speed prediction has been
widely used in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). Actually, not only the actual power
demand but also other factors affect the optimal power allocation between fuel
cell system (FCS) and battery. However, this relationship is difficult to
express in formulas especially under urban conditions because the power demand
fluctuates greatly under the above conditions. To address the issue, a novel EMS
for FCV based on short-term power demand and FCS output power is proposed. In
the offline part, the short-term SOC change rate is used to characterize
short-term power allocation. Besides, the average of short-term power demand and
the FCS output power are selected as input factors. The feedforward neural
network is used to learn the relationship of the above three state variables
based on historical driving cycles. In the online part, a long short-term memory
(LSTM) network is used to predict the short-term speed based on the vehicle
historical motion states, then the power demand sequence can be calculated using
dynamic model. Based on the short-term power demand and FCS output power, the
well-trained feedforward network predicts the short-term optimal SOC change
rate, then the short-term reference SOC can be obtained, which is used to find
the optimal co-state of Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) for each horizon.
In the local level, shooting method is used to determine the co-state for each
horizon. The results show that LSTM network meets the require of short-term
speed prediction. In addition, the proposed EMS makes the terminal SOC close to
the target value and reduces the total cost by 12.14% compared with the
benchmark strategy.
Fusion Control Strategy Based on Rule and Dynamic Objective of Heat
Pump Type Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Zhao Luhao , Tan Piqiang , Yang Xiaomei , Yao Chaojie , Liu Xiang
Published: January 2025

Thermal management system of electric vehicles (EVs) is critical for the
vehicle's safety and stability. While maintaining the components within their
optimal temperature ranges, it is also essential to reduce the energy
consumption of thermal management system. Firstly, a kind of architecture for
the integrated thermal management system (ITMS) is proposed, which can operate
in multiple modes to meet various demands. Two typical operating modes for
vehicle cooling in summer and heating in winter, which utilizes the residual
heat from the electric drive system, are respectively introduced. The ITMS based
on heat pump enables efficient heat transfer between different components.
Subsequently, an ITMS model is developed, including subsystems such as the
battery system, powertrain system, heat pump system and cabin system. The
description of modeling process for each subsystem is provided in detail. The
model is tested under world light vehicle test cycle (WLTC) condition of six
different temperature groups to validate its feasibility. Next, a dynamic
objective control strategy is proposed. It divides the operating condition into
multiple time steps, where at each step, non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm
II (NSGA-II) algorithm is employed to perform multi-objective optimization of
cabin temperature, battery temperature, and state of charge (SOC). Different
objectives are prioritized at different stages to achieve dynamic objective
control. A fusion control strategy is developed by combining rule-based control
with dynamic objective control. Finally, a comparative validation of the three
control strategies—rule-based control, multi-objective control, and fusion
control—is conducted under 40°C conditions. The results indicate that the
designed thermal management system is effective. The fusion control strategy not
only achieves desirable temperature control of each subsystem but also achieve
energy reduction to a certain extent, which also alleviates range anxiety.
Coordinated Clutch Slip Control for The Engine Start with Power-On
Downshift in a P2 Hybrid Automatic Transmission
Authors: Song Tingbin , Wang Shuhan , Xu Xiangyang , Qiu Longhui
Published: January 2025

The impact and vibration problem during gear shifting and mode switching of the
P2 hybrid 8AT system of new energy vehicles seriously affects driving comfort.
This paper proposed a collaborative clutch slip and friction control strategy
for a P2 hybrid power system with power downshifting and engine starting to
reduce transient shock vibration during the power system operation. A dynamic
model of the P2 hybrid system was established, including a physical model of the
engine, motor, clutch, 8AT transmission mechanism, and driving resistance. The
transient dynamic behavior of the P2 hybrid system with power downshifting and
engine starting was systematically studied. On this basis, with the goal of
consistent power response and smooth gear shifting, a multi-stage collaborative
control strategy including the motor, engine, and clutch under the power
downshifting condition was formulated. Model-in-loop simulation verification was
carried out based on MATLAB/Simulink platform. The simulation results show that
compared with traditional methods, the proposed control method can effectively
improve the power performance and comfort of the P2 hybrid power system.
Prediction of Gear Defect Based on WPT & CEEMDAN &
SVD
Authors: Gu Junqing , Zuo Yueyun , Zhang Ni , Deng Feng , Wu Xiaolong
Published: January 2025

After the defected gears are determined, a novel method, combined with wavelet
packet decomposition, complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition with
adaptive noise and singular value decomposition, is put forward. It is utilized
to exclude disturbance of irrelevant signals that generated by the defect gears.
Firstly, wavelet packet decomposition is used to extract the defect signals and
retain original features. The processed signal is called S1 and the irrelevant
frequency bands could be filtered out. Secondly, complementary ensemble
empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise decomposes S1 into a series of
intrinsic modal functions. The correlations between S1 and intrinsic modal
functions are analyzed. The intrinsic modal functions that are highly correlated
with S1 are screened out and reconstructed into a new signal, called S2. The
disturbance of irrelevant signals could be further filtered out, but some of
them still disturb the judgement. Thirdly, singular value decomposition
decomposes S2 into several singular values. The large singular values are choose
to represent S2 and the disturbance of irrelevant signals could be reduced to
the minimum. After applying above processes, the disturbance of irrelevant
signals is nearly eliminated. The defect feature of gears can be easily and
accurately judged. Finally, the judgement is proved to be true. This method
provides a novel idea for gear defect analysis.
Weighting-Factorless PTC Strategy Based on Voltage Vector
Angle
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Huang Yasong , Du Annan , Lin Xiaogang
Published: January 2025

The predictive torque control strategy is a very commonly used model predictive
control strategy. At present, the research prospects of PTC in motor control are
broad, but there are still certain limitations in the industrial application of
PTC. In traditional prediction torque control, due to the inconsistent units of
electromagnetic torque and stator magnetic flux, weight factors need to be
introduced to balance the control effects of the two. However, due to the
cumbersome and time-consuming process of determining weight factors, it is not
conducive to industrial promotion. In order to solve the problem of weight
factors, this paper studies a new torque prediction control strategy based on
stator flux vector angle that can avoid weight factors on the basis of
traditional torque prediction control. The overall process of the new strategy
is to first derive the relationship between the angle between the stator voltage
vector and the stator magnetic flux vector and the electromagnetic torque and
stator magnetic flux based on the mathematical model of the permanent magnet
synchronous motor, establish a corresponding prediction model, and then
determine the cost function through the new prediction model to eliminate weight
coefficients. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed weighting-factorless
PTC strategy is verified through actual experiments.
Current Control Based on Improved Internal Model Regulator with
Decoupled Principle Incorporated for Robotic Permanent Magnet Synchronous
Motors
Authors: Chen Hao , Huan Di , Gong Chao , Liu Chenliang
Published: January 2025

The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has become the preferred driving
technology in robotic control engineering due to its high-power density and
excellent dynamic response capability. However, traditional vector control
strategies, while widely used, reveal certain limitations due to their reliance
on high-precision sensors and the complex coordinate transformation
calculations. These limitations affect the performance of robots in high-speed
environments. This paper proposes a decoupling design for the PMSM current loop
based on Internal model control (IMC), aiming to improve control accuracy and
response speed by simplifying the control algorithm. This new strategy not only
maintains the basic framework of vector control but also enhances the dynamic
performance of the system through effective decoupling. Simulations conducted
using Simulink demonstrate that this strategy significantly improves system
stability and dynamic response speed, achieving more precise and rapid control
of the PMSM in applications with high load variation and speed requirements.
Design and Performance Optimization of Automotive Thermoelectric
Generator System Integrated with Heat Pipes
Authors: Zhao JinFu , Ding Renkai , Chen Jie , Wang Ruochen , Luo Ding
Published: January 2025

In the field of static power generation, thermoelectric technology has become an
important solution for utilizing automotive exhaust waste heat. This study
presents a new design for a heat exchanger integrated with heat pipes, aimed at
augmenting the installation area of thermoelectric modules and improving the hot
end temperature by high heat transfer rate. Moreover, the number of heat pipes
in each region is optimized to reduce the temperature gradient along the
direction of exhaust flow and maximize overall output performance. A
comprehensive numerical model of the thermoelectric generator system is
developed to conduct the performance prediction and parameter optimization. The
results reveal that the integration of heat pipes substantially boosts the
performance of the automotive thermoelectric generator system, characterized by
enhanced heat transfer, increased power output, and improved conversion
efficiency. And the optimization yields an optimal configuration with 5 heat
pipes per thermoelectric module. Under the test conditions of an exhaust
temperature of 600 K and a mass flow rate of 30 g/s, the new automotive
thermoelectric generator system demonstrated an output power of 146.28 W and an
output voltage of 166.26 V. These outputs represent a remarkable increase of
53.76% and 75.16%, respectively, compared to the conventional one without heat
pipes. This work not only underscores the potential of heat pipe integration in
thermoelectric systems but also offers a foundational framework for the optimal
design of automotive thermoelectric generator systems equipped with heat
pipes.
A Comparative Durability Cost Analysis of Internal Combustion Engine,
Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles
Authors: Qin Zhikun , Yin Yan , Zhang Fan , Yao Junqi , Guo Ting , Wang Bowen
Published: January 2025

This study introduces the Total Cost of Ownership per Unit Operating Time (TCOP)
as a novel indicator to assess the economic impact of vehicle durability. A
comprehensive analysis is conducted for fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), battery
electric vehicles (BEVs), and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in
light- and heavy-duty scenarios. The results show that in HDVs, the advantages
of low prices for hydrogen and electricity are fully demonstrated due to their
high durability. In contrast, for LDVs, the purchase cost plays a much larger
role, accounting for 68% of the total cost, indicating a significant difference
between vehicles. Improving durability can significantly enhance the
competitiveness of FCVs. For FCVs, increasing the durability from the current
levels of 150,000 km for LDVs and 600,000 km for HDVs to 20,8500 km and
1,122,000 km, respectively, would align their TCOP with that of current ICEVs. A
sensitivity analysis shows that for HDVs. The focus should be placed on
improving the durability of fuel cell systems in order to reduce fuel costs over
the long term, while for LDVs, the key to reducing TCOP is to reduce the
manufacturing cost of the whole vehicle. By 2040, assuming that the durability
of FCVs is improved to the same level as ICEVs and that the cost of fuel cells
continues to fall, FCVs will be more competitive than EVs and ICEVs in terms of
long-term operating costs.
Fault Diagnosis of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Based on Deep
Learning and Transfer Learning
Authors: Zhu Shaopeng , Wang Yifeng , Xiong Qinghui , Geng Jun , Chen Huipeng
Published: January 2025

To accurately identify the fault types of proton exchange membrane fuel cell
(PEMFC) systems under continuously varying operating currents, this study
develops a comprehensive PEMFC system model and proposes a robust fault
diagnosis method based on the ResNet50 convolutional neural network (CNN) and
transfer learning (TL). Initially, using Matlab/Simulink, a PEMFC model is
constructed based on the electrochemical reaction mechanisms and empirical
formulas that characterize the operation of the fuel cell. This model primarily
includes the fuel cell stack and various auxiliary systems, such as the thermal
management system, air supply system, and hydrogen supply system, each crucial
for optimal performance. By varying the model parameters, sensor data is
generated for five distinct operating conditions. After preprocessing the data,
the Gramian Angular Field (GAF) technique is utilized to convert the time series
data from each sensor into fault data images, which then serve as input for the
ResNet50 CNN. Ultimately, the implementation of transfer learning involves
utilizing the pre-trained weights of the ResNet50 model in the training process
of this model. This approach aims to improve both the convergence rate and the
generalization capacity of the classification model. A comprehensive dataset for
fault diagnosis has been established, comprising a total of 4,000 samples, with
800 image samples generated for each distinct operating state. The diagnostic
results demonstrate that the integrated PEMFC system attains an exceptional
diagnostic accuracy of 100.0% across five distinct operational scenarios:
standard operating conditions, reduced air pressure at the compressor inlet,
increased air temperature at the compressor inlet, heightened stack temperature,
and an obstructed anode gas supply line. These results demonstrate that the
proposed method not only exhibits high classification accuracy but also displays
remarkable robustness in fault diagnosis applications.