bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Mechanism of Xiaoqinglong Decoction against COVID-19
Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology
Authors: Deng Jing-Min , Li Hai-Li , Zhou Jian-Peng
Published: March 2022

Background:

A xiaoqinglong decoction (XQLD) has been proven effective in treating
severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases; however, the mechanism remains unclear.

Objective:

In the current study, we used network pharmacology and molecular docking technology
to identify the effective components, potential targets, and biological pathways of XQLD against
COVID-19.

Methods:

Public databases were searched to determine the putative targets of the active compounds
of XQLD and COVID-19-related targets. STRING and Cytoscape were used to establish
the protein-protein interaction network and drug component, along with the target-pathway network.
The DAVID database was used to enrich the biological functions and signaling pathways.
AutoDock Vina was used for virtual docking.

Results:

We identified 138 active compounds and 259 putative targets of XQLD. Biological network
analysis showed that quercetin, beta-sitosterol, kaempferol, stigmasterol, and luteolin may be
critical ingredients of XQLD, whereas VEGFA, IL-6, MAPK3, CASP3, STAT3, MAPK1,
MAPK8, CASP8, CCL2, and FOS may be candidate drug targets. Enrichment analysis illustrated
that XQLD could function by regulating viral defense, inflammatory response, immune response,
and apoptosis. Molecular docking results showed a high affinity between the critical ingredients
and host cell target proteins.

Conclusion:

This study uncovered the underlying pharmacological mechanism of XQLD against
COVID-19. These findings lay a solid foundation for promoting the development of new drugs
against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection and may contribute to the global
fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.
Therapeutic Potential of Superoxide Dismutase Fused with Cell- Penetrating Peptides in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases
Authors: Jiang Ren-Wang , Wang Xiao-Lu
Published: March 2022

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a well-known cellular antioxidant enzyme. However, exogenous SOD cannot be used to protect tissues from oxidative damage due to the low permeability of the cell membrane. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are a class of short peptides that can cross the cell membrane. Recombinant fusion protein that fuses SOD protein with CPP (CPP-SOD) can cross various tissues and organs as well as the blood-brain barrier. CPP-SODs can relieve severe oxidative damage in various tissues caused by radiation, ischemia, inflammation, and chemotherapy by clearing the reactive oxygen species, reducing the expression of inflammatory factors, and inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. Therefore, the clinical application of CPP-SODs provides new therapeutic strategies for a variety of oxidative stress-related disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, obesity, cardiac fibrosis, and premature aging.
Discrepancy Between Cognitive Test and Brain Imaging Results in
Alzheimer’s Disease Associated with Diabetes
Authors: Hanyu Haruo , Koyama Yumi , Horita Haruka , Aoki Toshinori , Sato Tomohiko , Kanetaka Hidekazu , Shimizu Soichiro , Hirao Kentaro
Published: March 2022

Background/Objective::

Although a large number of studies have been performed on the
association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), the underlying
pathophysiology of AD associated with DM has not been fully elucidated to date. We compared cognitive
functions and brain imaging findings between AD patients with and without DM to characterize
the association between cognition and imaging findings in AD patients with DM.

Methods:

Cognitive functions and brain imaging findings, including medial temporal lobe atrophy
analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging, and hypoperfusion in the parietal, posterior cingulate, and
frontal regions analyzed by single-photon emission computed tomography were compared between
126 AD patients without DM ([AD-DM]) and 51 AD patients with DM ([AD+DM]). Factors associated
with cognitive-imaging associations, including education, occupation, leisure activity, comorbidity,
frailty, and other demographics, were analyzed.

Results:

The [AD+DM] group showed significantly more severe cognitive dysfunction than the [ADDM]
group, despite a similar degree of brain imaging abnormalities. Among the factors associated
with cognitive-imaging associations, the level of leisure activity was significantly lower in the
[AD+DM] group than in the [AD-DM] group, but no significant differences in other factors were observed
between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

The cognitive-imaging discrepancy observed in AD patients with DM may be associated
with their low cognitive reserve, possibly caused by their low amount of leisure activities. Our findings
suggest that lifestyle interventions, including physical, cognitive, and social activities, may reduce cognitive
decline in AD patients with DM.
Antimicrobial Remedies and Emerging Strategies for the Treatment of
Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Agrawal Yogeeta O. , Husain Muzammil
Published: March 2022

Background:

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the most serious complications in
diabetic health treatment. The treatment for DFUs is more challenging, especially in individuals
with a weakened immune system. Furthermore, due to developing antibiotic resistance characteristics
among harmful bacteria and fungi, existing antibiotics may not be helpful in combating microbial
infections in the wound site.

Objectives:

This review will focus on the newest advances in antimicrobial treatments, such as
dressings and topical therapies, as well as drugs and debridement methods.

Methods:

The English-language publications published on DFU were collected from a variety of
sources, including Scopus, Web of Science, Bentham Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.

Results:

DFU therapy necessitates a multidisciplinary strategy including the use of appropriate diagnostic
instruments, expertise, and experience. This begins with patient education and the use of
new classifications to direct care in order to avoid amputations. To gain a deeper understanding of
the microbiota in DFUs, new diagnostic approaches, such as the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence in
bacteria, should become usable.

Conclusion:

DFU is said to have a polymicrobial nature and, depending on its geographical area,
some distinct characteristics, such as wound characteristics, antibiograms based on local epidemiology,
individualized antimicrobial driven treatment, routine debridement, regular wound examination,
and dressing changes. New biological and molecular therapies that have been shown to enhance
infection prevention, the management of the local inflammatory profile, and the efficiency
of the cicatrizing mechanism often help with the above characteristics.
Evaluation of the Significance of Lymphatic, Microvascular and Perineural Invasion in Patients With Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
Authors: IZUMO WATARU , HIGUCHI RYOTA , FURUKAWA TORU , YAZAWA TAKEHISA , UEMURA SHUICHIRO , MATSUNAGA YUTARO , SHIIHARA MASAHIRO , TAKAYAMA YUKIKO , TAHARA JUNKO , SHIMIZU KYOKO , TOKUSHIGE KATSUTOSHI , YAMAMOTO MASAKAZU
Published: March 2022

Background: Some prognostic factors for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) have been reported; however, the significance of lymphatic, microvascular, and perineural invasion remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the role of these factors in PanNEN recurrence. Patients and Methods: We analyzed 138 patients who underwent curative pancreatectomy and were pathologically diagnosed with PanNEN. We evaluated the association between clinicopathological factors and the recurrence of PanNENs. Results: The numbers of patients with lymphatic, microvascular, and perineural invasion were 34 (25%), 43 (31%) and 17 (12%), respectively. Twenty-four patients (17%) had recurrences, and the 3, 5, and 10-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 88%, 84%, and 76%, respectively. The recurrence sites (with duplication) were mainly the liver (twenty-two patients), followed by the lymph nodes (seven patients), and bone (two patients). In multivariate analyses, grade 2-3 and the presence of microvascular invasion were significant risk factors for RFS (hazard ratio=7.5 and 7.9, respectively). When examining outcomes according to these factors, the 5-year RFS rates of patients with risk scores of 0, 1, and 2 were 100%, 91%, and 32%, respectively (p<0.001). Even in patients with grade 1 (n=97) or limited resection (enucleation, splenic-preserving distal pancreatectomy, central pancreatectomy, and duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection, n=62), the presence of microvascular invasion was a significant risk factor for RFS (hazard ratio=13.4 and 18.0, respectively). Conclusion: The presence of microvascular invasion is an independent risk factor for recurrence in patients with PanNEN.
Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma With Neither Intrahepatic Metastasis Nor Lymph Node Metastasis Is the Optimal Indication for Hepatectomy With Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: ARIIZUMI SHUN-ICHI , YAMAMOTO MASAKAZU , KOTERA YOSHIHITO , HIGUCHI RYOTA , YAMASHITA SHINGO , KATO TAKAAKI , HIRATA YOSHIHIRO , KATAGIRI SATOSHI , HONDA GORO , EGAWA HIROTO
Published: March 2022

Background/Aim: The optimal indication of hepatectomy with adjuvant therapy for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has not been evaluated in detail. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively studied 224 patients with ICC who underwent hepatectomy between 2000 and 2019. Prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. A total of 127 patients were treated with adjuvant therapy (62 patients with chemotherapy and 65 patients with immunotherapy) after hepatectomy, and 97 patients were treated with hepatectomy alone. Results: Intrahepatic metastasis (IM), lymph node metastasis (LNM) of ICC, adjuvant chemotherapy, and adjuvant immunotherapy were significant prognostic factors for OS on multivariate analysis. In 127 patients with neither IM nor LNM, the 5-year OS rate was significantly higher in 36 patients with adjuvant chemotherapy (81%) and in 34 patients with adjuvant immunotherapy (68%) than in 57 patients with hepatectomy alone (45%). Conclusion: The absence of IM or LNM is the optimal indication for hepatectomy with adjuvant therapy in patients with ICC.
Transabdominal Ultrasonography for Preoperative Diagnosis of Lymph Node Metastasis in Colon Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: IMAIZUMI KEN , HOMMA SHIGENORI , NISHIDA MUTSUMI , SOYAMA TAKESHI , SHIMURA RYOSUKE , KUDO YUSUKE , OMOTEHARA SATOMI , YOKOTA ISAO , TAKAGI RYO , MATSUI HIROKI , MIYAOKA YOICHI , ICHIKAWA NOBUKI , YOSHIDA TADASHI , TAKAHASHI NORIHIKO , TAKETOMI AKINOBU
Published: March 2022

Background/Aim: Although computed tomography (CT) is the standard modality for diagnosing lymph node metastasis (LNM), transabdominal ultrasonography (US) can be useful due to its high spatial resolution and use of Doppler signals to precisely analyse lymph nodes. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of US for lymph node assessment, establish US-based diagnostic criteria for LNM, and compare the capability of US with that of CT for the diagnosis of LNM. Patients and Methods: This retrospective, single-institution, cohort study included patients who underwent radical surgery for clinical stage 0-III colon cancer, between March 2012 and February 2019. Results: Overall, 34.9% (66/189) of patients had pathological LNM. The optimal US diagnostic criteria were 1) short axis ≥7 mm and short/long ratio ≥0.75 and 2) at least two of the following: the absence of hilar echoes, expansive appearance, or peripheral/mixed vascularity by the colour Doppler and/or contrast-enhanced method. Compared to CT, US showed a higher diagnostic sensitivity (54.5% vs. 43.9%; p=0.296), higher concordance with the number of pathological LNM (correlation coefficient: US, 0.42; CT, 0.27) and pathological N diagnosis (weighted ĸ: US, 0.35; CT, 0.18), and higher sensitivity for advanced LNM, including multiple LNMs (47.4% vs. 18.4%; p=0.014) and N2 stage (27.8% vs. 5.6%; p=0.177). Conclusion: US has higher sensitivity than CT for diagnosing LNM in colon cancer, along with a more accurate preoperative diagnosis of the N stage. Additionally, US may be more helpful than CT alone for preoperatively deciding the appropriateness of neoadjuvant treatment in colon cancer with advanced LNM.
Clinical Significance of Serum Zinc Levels on the Development of Sarcopenia in Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: MURATA KOJI , NAMISAKI TADASHI , FUJIMOTO YUKI , TAKEDA SOICHI , ENOMOTO MASAHIDE , TAKAYA HIROAKI , TSUJI YUKI , SHIBAMOTO AKIHIKO , SUZUKI JUNYA , KUBO TAKAHIRO , IWAI SATOSHI , TOMOOKA FUMIMASA , TANAKA MISAKO , KANEKO MIKI , ASADA SHOHEI , KOIZUMI ARITOSHI , YORIOKA NOBUYUKI , MATSUDA TAKUYA , OZUTSUMI TAKAHIRO , ISHIDA KOJI , OGAWA HIROYUKI , TAKAGI HIROTETSU , FUJINAGA YUKIHISA , FURUKAWA MASANORI , SAWADA YASUHIKO , NISHIMURA NORIHISA , KITAGAWA KOH , SATO SHINYA , KAJI KOSUKE , INOUE TAKASHI , ASADA KIYOSHI , KAWARATANI HIDETO , MORIYA KEI , AKAHANE TAKEMI , MITOR AKIRA , YOSHIJI HITOSHI
Published: March 2022

Background/Aim: Sarcopenia increases the mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Approximately 60% of zinc is accumulated in skeletal muscle. We aimed to determine the role of subclinical zinc deficiency on sarcopenia development in patients with cirrhosis. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 151 patients with cirrhosis and divided them into the group with normal serum zinc levels (Group N: 80-130 μg/dl; n=38) and group with subclinical zinc deficiency (Group D: <80 μg/dl; n=113). The risk factors for sarcopenia were then investigated. Results: Group D had more sarcopenia cases than Group N (31.0% vs. 13.2%). In group D, HGS exhibited a weakly positive but significant correlation with serum zinc levels (R=0.287, p=0.00212), serum zinc levels negatively correlated with both ammonia and myostatin levels (R=−0.254, p=0.0078; R=−0.33, p<0.01), and low zinc levels were independently associated with sarcopenia development. Conclusion: Patients with cirrhosis showing subclinical zinc deficiency have a significantly higher risk of developing sarcopenia.
Outcomes of Sarcopenia Treatment for Malignant Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors in Elderly Patients
Authors: BAN YOSHITAKA , MANABU HOSHI , OEBISU NAOTO , SHIMATANI AKIYOSHI , TAKADA NAOKI , NAKAMURA HIROAKI
Published: March 2022

Background/Aim: We determined the impact of sarcopenia on the treatment outcomes of malignant bone and soft tissue tumors in elderly patients. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 76 patients (age ≥65 years) who were treated for malignant bone and soft tissue tumors. Sarcopenia was assessed by measuring the cross-sectional area of the psoas muscles at the L3 vertebra from preoperative computed tomography images and categorized using the total psoas area/m2 (TPA/m2) ≤5.0 cm2/m2. The patients’ clinical data were then evaluated. Results: The operation time, length of hospital stay, and median overall survival were not different between the sarcopenia (n=41) and no-sarcopenia (n=35) groups. The local recurrence rate (p=0.01) and incidence of postoperative complications (p=0.02) significantly differed between both groups. The TPA/m2 of both groups significantly decreased at the final follow-up. Conclusion: Sarcopenia negatively influenced wound healing and local recurrence, and was significantly exacerbated postoperatively in all elderly patients.
Combination of Pembrolizumab With Platinum-containing Chemotherapy for Pulmonary Enteric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: TERANISHI SHUHEI , SUGIMOTO CHIHIRO , NAGAYAMA HIROKAZU , SEGAWA WATARU , MIYASAKA ATSUSHI , HIRO SHUNTARO , MAEDA CHIHIRO , TAMURA HIRONORI , MASUMOTO NAMI , NAGAHARA YOSHINORI , HIRAMA NOBUYUKI , KOBAYASHI NOBUAKI , YAMAMOTO MASAKI , KUDO MAKOTO , KANEKO TAKESHI
Published: March 2022

Background/Aim: Pulmonary enteric adeno­carcinoma (PEAC) is a rare type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), for which no established standard treatment exists. Combination therapy with the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 antibody pembrolizumab and platinum-containing chemotherapy is the standard treatment for NSCLC patients, but its effectiveness in PEAC is uncertain. Case Report: We present a 68-year-old man with chemotherapy-naïve advanced PEAC who responded to a combination of pembrolizumab and platinum-containing chemotherapy. Conclusion: The number of PEAC cases is small, and no clinical trials have been conducted to determine an optimal chemotherapy regimen. In this case, we showed that pembrolizumab combined with platinum-containing chemotherapy might effectively treat PEAC.
Sickle Cell Transplantation Evaluation of Long-term and Late Effects Registry (STELLAR) to Compare Long-term Outcomes After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation to Those in Siblings Without Sickle Cell Disease and in Nontransplanted Individuals With Sickle Cell Disease: Design and Feasibility Study
Authors: Krishnamurti Lakshmanan , Arnold Staci D , Haight Ann , Abraham Allistair , Guilcher Gregory MT , John Tami , Bakshi Nitya , Shenoy Shalini , Syrjala Karen , Martin Paul L , Chaudhury Sonali , Eames Gretchen , Olowoselu Olusola Festus , Hsieh Matthew , De La Fuente Josu , Kasow Kimberly A , Stenger Elizabeth , Mertens Anne , El-Rassi Fuad , Lane Peter , Shaw Bronwen E , Meacham Lillian , Archer David
Published: March 2022

Background

There are sparse data on the long-term and late effects of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for sickle cell disease (SCD).

Objective

This study aims to establish an international registry of long-term outcomes post-HCT for SCD and demonstrate the feasibility of recruitment at a single site in the United States.

Methods

The Sickle Cell Transplantation Evaluation of Long-Term and Late Effects Registry (STELLAR) was designed to enroll patients with SCD ≥1 year post-HCT, their siblings without SCD, and nontransplanted controls with SCD to collect web-based participant self-reports of health status and practices by using the Bone Marrow Transplant Survivor Study (BMTSS) surveys, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Profile-25 or Pediatric Profile-29 survey, chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) using the symptom scale survey, daily pain using an electronic pain diary, the economic impact of HCT using the financial hardship survey, sexual function using the PROMIS Sexual Function SexFSv2.0 survey, and economic productivity using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS). We also piloted retrieval of clinical data previously submitted to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR); recorded demographics, height, weight, blood pressure, waist and hip circumferences, timed up and go (TUG) test, and handgrip test; and obtained blood for metabolic screening, gonadal function, fertility potential, and biorepository of plasma, serum, RNA, and DNA.

Results

Of 100 eligible post-HCT patients, we enrolled 72 (72%) participants aged 9-38 (median 17) years. We also enrolled 19 siblings aged 5-32 (median 10) years and 28 nontransplanted controls with SCD aged 4-46 (median 22) years. Of the total 119 participants, 73 (61%) completed 85 sets of surveys and 41 (35%) contributed samples to the biorepository. We completed ATUS interviews of 28 (24%) participants. We successfully piloted retrieval of data submitted to the CIBMTR and expanded recruitment to multiple sites in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Nigeria.

Conclusions

It is feasible to recruit subjects and conduct study procedures for STELLAR in order to determine the long-term and late effects of HCT for SCD.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/36780
Barriers to and Facilitators of Using a One Button Tracker and Web-Based Data Analytics Tool for Personal Science: Exploratory Study (Preprint)
Authors: van de Belt Tom H , de Croon Aimee , Freriks Faye , Blomseth Christiansen Thomas , Eg Larsen Jakob , de Groot Martijn
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Individuals’ self-tracking of subjectively experienced phenomena related to health can be challenging, as current options for instrumentation often involve too much effort in the moment or rely on retrospective self-reporting, which is likely to impair accuracy and compliance.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the usability and perceived usefulness of low-effort, in-the-moment self-tracking using simple instrumentation and to establish the amount of support needed when using this approach.

METHODS

In this exploratory study, the One Button Tracker—a press-button device that records time stamps and durations of button presses—was used for self-tracking. A total of 13 employees of an academic medical center chose a personal research question and used the One Button Tracker to actively track specific subjectively experienced phenomena for 2 to 4 weeks. To assess usability and usefulness, we combined qualitative data from semistructured interviews with quantitative results from the System Usability Scale.

RESULTS

In total, 29 barriers and 15 facilitators for using the One Button Tracker were found. Ease of use was the most frequently mentioned facilitator. The One Button Tracker’s usability received a median System Usability Scale score of 75.0 (IQR 42.50), which is considered as good usability. Participants experienced effects such as an increased awareness of the tracked phenomenon, a confirmation of personal knowledge, a gain of insight, and behavior change. Support and guidance during all stages of the self-tracking process were judged as valuable.

CONCLUSIONS

The low-effort, in-the-moment self-tracking of subjectively experienced phenomena has been shown to support personal knowledge gain and health behavior change for people with an interest in health promotion. After addressing barriers and formally validating the collected data, self-tracking devices may well be helpful for additional user types or health questions.
Understanding Senior Adults’ Needs, Preferences, and Experiences of Commercial Exergames for Health: Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wang Yu-Han
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Many senior adults are at risk of mental and physical disorders due to a lack of sufficient exercise. Therefore, adherent exercise should be urgently promoted to improve senior adults’ muscle strength, preventing falls and conditions caused by physical and cognitive decline. However, off-the-shelf exercise games, so-called exergames, are mainly targeted at the younger generation or children, while senior adults are neglected, when this age group strongly needs exercise. Exergames could serve as a health intervention for promoting exercise.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate senior adults’ experience, perceptions, and acceptance of game technology to promote exercise in order to suggest game design guidelines.

METHODS

In this usability study, participants engaged in playing Nintendo Switch and Xbox Kinect games, after which semistructured interviews were conducted. Before the gameplay, the participants provided their background information, exercise habits, and use of technology products. Next, all participants completed a workshop including 3 activities (brief instructions on how to play the games: 20 minutes; playing the selected exergames: 80 minutes; semistructured interviews: 20 minutes) for 2 hours a day for 3 days each. The participants played the latest Nintendo Switch games (eg, Just Dance, Boxing, Ring Fit Adventure) and Xbox Kinect games (eg, Kinect Adventures!, Mini Games). Just Dance, Zumba, and Boxing were played in activity 1; Ring Fit Adventure and Mini Games in activity 2; and Kinect Adventures! in activity 3. Reflexive thematic analysis was applied to identify the relative themes generated from the interviews.

RESULTS

In total, 22 participants (mean age 70.4, SD 6.1 years) were enrolled in the workshop in May 2021. The results of the generated themes included incomprehension of game instructions, psychological perception of game technology, and game art preferences. The subthemes generated from game art preferences included favorite game genres, characters, and scenes.

CONCLUSIONS

There is a significant need for customized game tutorials considering senior adults’ cognitive and physical aging. Furthermore, the adventure game genre is preferable to other games. Humanlike game characters are preferable, especially those with a fit and healthy body shape. Nature scenes are more enjoyable than indoor stages or rooms. Furthermore, the game intensity design and playing time should be carefully planned to meet the World Health Organization’s criteria for physical activity in older adults. Intelligent recommendation systems might be helpful to support older adults with various health conditions. The guidelines suggested in this study might be beneficial for game design, exercise training, and game technology adoption of exergames for older adults to improve health.
Positive affective recovery in daily life as a momentary mechanism across subclinical and clinical stages of mental disorder (Preprint)
Authors: Ader Leonie , Schick Anita , Simons Claudia , Delespaul Philippe , Myin-Germeys Inez , Vaessen Thomas , Reininghaus Ulrich
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Identifying momentary risk and protective mechanisms may enhance our understanding and treatment of mental disorders. Affective stress reactivity is one mechanism that has been reported to be altered in individuals with early and later stages of mental disorder. Additionally, initial evidence suggests individuals with early and enduring psychosis may have an extended recovery period of negative affect in response to daily stressors (i.e., a longer duration until affect reaches baseline levels after stress), but evidence on positive affective recovery as a putative protective mechanism remains limited.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate trajectories of positive affect in response to stress across the continuum of mental disorder in a transdiagnostic sample.

METHODS

Using the Experience Sampling Method, minor activity-, event-, and overall stress and positive affect were assessed 10 times a day, with time points approximately 90 minutes apart on six consecutive days in a pooled data set including 367 individuals with mental disorder, 217 individuals at risk for a severe mental disorder, and 227 controls. Multilevel analysis and linear contrasts were used to investigate trajectories of positive affect within and between groups.

RESULTS

Baseline positive affect differed across groups and we observed stress reactivity in positive affect within each group. We found evidence for positive affective recovery after reporting activity- or overall stress within each group. While controls recovered to baseline positive affect about 90 minutes after stress, patients and at-risk individuals required about 180 minutes to recover. However, between-group differences in the affective recovery period fell short of significance.

CONCLUSIONS

The results provide first evidence that positive affective recovery may be relevant within transdiagnostic subclinical and clinical stages of mental disorder suggesting it may be a potential target for mobile health interventions fostering resilience in daily life.
Remotely Delivered Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention Using an Ad Libitum Plant-Based Diet: Pilot Acceptability, Feasibility, and Preliminary Results (Preprint)
Authors: Chwyl Christina , Wright Nicholas , M Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle , L Butryn Meghan , M Forman Evan
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Many traditional lifestyle interventions use calorie prescriptions, but most individuals have difficulty sustaining calorie tracking and thus weight loss. In contrast, whole food plant-based diets (WFPBDs) have previously shown significant weight loss without this issue. However, most WFPBD interventions are face-to-face and time-intensive, and do not leverage gold standard behavioral strategies for health behavior change.

OBJECTIVE

This open pilot trial was the first to evaluate the feasibility of a fully featured, remotely delivered behavioral weight loss intervention using an ad libitum WFPBD.

METHODS

Over 12 weeks, participants (N=15) with overweight or obesity received a newly designed program that integrated behavioral weight loss and a WFPBD prescription via weekly web-based modules and brief phone coaching calls. Assessments were performed at baseline, midtreatment (6 weeks), and after treatment (12 weeks).

RESULTS

The intervention was rated as highly acceptable (mean 4.40 out of 5, SE 0.18), and attrition was low (6.7%). In all, intention-to-treat analyses revealed that 69% (10.4/15) of the participants lost 5% of their weight (mean –5.89, SE 0.68 kg). Predefined benchmarks for quality of life were met.

CONCLUSIONS

A pilot digital behavioral weight loss intervention with a non–energy-restricted WFPBD was feasible, and the mean acceptability was high. Minimal contact time (80-150 minutes of study interventionist time per participant over 12 weeks) led to clinically relevant weight loss and dietary adherence for most participants (10.4/15, 69% and 11.8/15, 79%, respectively), and quality of life improvements (reliable change indices >1.53). We hope that this work will serve as a springboard for future larger scale randomized controlled studies evaluating the efficacy of such programs for weight loss, dietary change, and quality of life.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04892030; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04892030
Lack of Skin of Color Representation in Dermatology-Related Instagram Posts: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ahmed Fahad , Ogidi Princess , Shareef Omar , Lipoff Jules
Published: March 2022

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A
Assessing the Content and Quality of Digital Tools for Managing Gestational Weight Gain: A Systematic Search and Evaluation (Preprint)
Authors: Chivers Bonnie , Garad Rhonda M , Boyle Jacqueline A , Hayman Melanie J , de Jersey Susan J , Teede Helena J , Hong Quoc V , Carrandi Alayna , Harrison Cheryce L
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Digital health resources have the potential to assist women in optimising gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy to improve maternal health outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the quality, credibility, safety and potential for health-related behaviour change of publicly available digital health tools that promote GWG management.

METHODS

Digital tools were identified using key search terms across website search engines and application stores and evaluated using the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS), the App Behaviour Change Scale (ABACUS) as well as criteria to evaluate the rigor and safety of GWG information.

RESULTS

Overall, 1,085 tools were screened for inclusion (n=162 websites and n=923 apps) and 19 were deemed eligible. The mean MARS quality score was 3.31 (0.53) out of 5, ranging from 2.26 to 4.39 and the mean ABACUS score was 6 (3.4) out of 21 ranging from 19 to 0. Of 19 items to evaluate rigour of GWG advice, the majority of tools (n=11, 57.9%) contained three items or less overall.

CONCLUSIONS

This review emphasises significant limitations in current digital resources promoting monitoring and optimisation for GWG. The majority of tools were of low quality, had minimal behaviour change potential and were potentially unsafe, with minimal linkage to evidence-based information or partnership with healthcare.
Analisis Health Belief Model dalam Perilaku Pencegahan Covid-19 pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Fransiska Ratna Diana , Kusumaningtyas Dian , Gumanti Kentri Anggarina
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Peningkatan kasus infeksi Covid-19 yang terus terjadi menimbulkan kekhawatiran, terutama pada ibu hamil yang termasuk dalam kelompok yang mudah terinfeksi. Pada ibu hamil, infeksi Covid-19 berisiko menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang lebih buruk dibandingkan populasi umum. Oleh karena itu, ibu hamil perlu melakukan upaya pencegahan agar tidak terinfeksi. Perlu adanya perubahan perilaku untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dalam upaya pencegahan Covid-19.Tujuan: Mengetahui penerapan teori Health Belief Model dalam upaya mencegah transmisi Covid-19 pada ibu hamil di Kota Malang.Metode: Penelitian analitik korelasional menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional. Partisipan dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dari 5 puskesmas di Kota Malang. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dari bulan November 2020 sampai dengan Januari 2021, dengan menggunakan kuesioner untuk mengukur Health Belief Model dan perilaku pencegahan Covid-19 pada ibu hamil.Hasil: Persepsi kerentanan, persepsi keseriusan, isyarat untuk bertindak, dan persepsi manfaat memiliki pengaruh yang tidak signifikan. Persepsi hambatan dan self-efficacy mempunyai pengaruh signifikan pada perilaku ibu hamil di Kota Malang dalam pencegahan Covid-19.Kesimpulan: Komponen health belief model saling berhubungan satu sama lain dalam mempengaruhi perilaku ibu hamil melakukan pencegahan Covid-19, meskipun tidak semua signifikan secara statistik. Untuk itu diperlukan intervensi untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan menciptakan kesadaran yang berkelanjutan untuk mencegah Covid-19.
Menelusuri Potensi Fraud dalam Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional melalui Rekam Medis di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Sugiarti Ida , Masturoh Imas , Fadly Fery
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Akibat fraud, BPJS (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan) harus membayar klaim lebih besar, sehingga terjadi kerugian negara. Salah satu bentuk fraud yang ditemukan di kelompok provider adalah upcoding. Data koding dan rekaman pelayanan kesehatan dalam rekam medis dapat digunakan sebagai deteksi fraud.Tujuan: Menelusuri potensi fraud dalam rekam medis melalui telusur keakuratan kode diagnosis dan clinical pathway.Metode: Pendekatan kuantitatif kualitatif. Jenis penelitian case study, kasus thypoid. Subjek penelitian ditentukan dengan purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan berkas rekam medis. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan indept interview. Analisis data kuantitatif dengan analisis deskriptif dan Analisa data kualitatif dengan analisis konten.Hasil: Dari 87 dokumen, ketidaktepatan kode diagnosis 31,03%, dengan presentase ketidaksesuaian tarif klaim 26,44%. Terdapat berbagai penyebab upcoding diantaranya karena aturan pengkodean yang berbeda antara kode diagnosis berdasarkan ICD 10 dan kode untuk kepentingan klaim yang mengacu pada peraturan dari BPJS yang dituangkan dalam Berita Acara. 91,30% ketidaksesuaian merupakan tarif klaim naik. Ketidaksesuaian clinical pathway paling banyak pada item tes widal dengan presentase 21.84%.Kesimpulan: Upcoding tidak selalu disebut fraud, harus ada unsur kesengajaan untuk mendatangkan keuntungan finansial. Upcoding dapat merubah klaim menjadi lebih tinggi. Keberadaan clinical pathway penting sebagai acuan tindakan pelayanan kesehatan.
Penggunaan Bahasa dalam Ranah Pariwisata; Studi di Kawasan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung Maros, Sulawesi Selatan
Authors: Rijal Andy Samsu
Published: March 2022

The existence of tourism in the community provides an opportunity for the use of various language domains. The use of language by tour guides in National Park of Bantimurung Bulusaraung, Maros Regency, which is a Bugis-Makassar ethnic community, now used not only the regional language domain, Indonesian language, but also the Makassar Malay language (MML) domain and the foreign language (FL) domain. The use of this language is not only influenced by linguistic aspects but also influenced by non-linguistic aspects such as participant factors, speech situations, speech topics, the speaker's socio-cultural background and speech partners. This article described the forms and variations of language that arise from language contact by guides and tourists. The research method used is a qualitative method with anthropological linguistic approach. Data collection was done by recording and semi-structured interviews with several informants. From the research results found three language choices including single language variation (SLV), language code switching (CS), and code mixing (CM). There were three uses of SL variations, namely Bugis Language (BL), Makassar Malay (MML) and Indonesian Language (I.L) formal varieties. The used of CS from both Bugis to Makassar language (ML) was also found in local tourists (Bugis speakers or Makassar speakers), CS from regional languages (RL) to MML also occurs in interactions between speakers and tourists or speech partners who are not Bugis-Makassar speakers but were the speaker of other regional languages in South Sulawesi. The used of CS from MML to Indonesian language had a formal variety of interactions with domestic tourists. Variations in English Makassar Malay Language as both CS and CM were found in interactions with foreign tourists.
Milestones as a Faculty Development Tool for Career Academic Physicians
Authors: Kemmet Rebecca K. , Blake Gregory H. , Heidel Robert E. , Wilson G. Anthony
Published: March 2022

Background and Objectives: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) has implemented milestones for progression of residents. Career academic physicians would benefit from similar concrete guidance for scholarly activity and faculty development. After developing milestones across six recognized competencies among our family medicine academicians, we acknowledged the potential benefit of expanding the development of milestones throughout the academic medical center.
Methods: Milestones that we previously developed were modified by departmental leaders within our institution reflecting levels of career development based on benchmarks in each field. These objective measures for guiding maturation of clinical and academic skill sets were then circulated to clinicians in five residency programs throughout our academic medical center for self-evaluation. We analyzed the completed surveys to determine if an association exists between years in academics and rank across each area of competency.
Results: We received fifty-three responses from the 91 faculty invited. We noted a significant association in the competency of medical knowledge with progression from assistant to full professor, and we noted a trend toward significance in professionalism and progression from assistant to full professor. These objective measures of clinician development and competency suggest association with levels of academic career development by rank within the institution.
Conclusions: This rubric can be helpful for directing faculty development and faculty mentorship. These milestones are general enough that other physician specialties may be able to adopt them for their own needs.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ONLINE LEARNING GAME ON LINEAR PROGRAM COURSES
Authors: Wijayanto Zainnur , Setiana Dafid Slamet , Kusumaningrum Betty
Published: March 2022

This study aims to produce online learning games on linear program subjects for 3rd-semester students that are valid, practical, efective and can increase student learning motivation. Students are less interested in linear program subject because it requires high analysis skill and feel boring. This research and development model consisting of the stages of define (literature study and field survey), design (early product design activities), develop (expert validation, product revisions, and development testing), and disseminate (final product revision) with descriptive analysis techniques qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative descriptive analysis techniques are used to describe the stages of development that describe the results of observations of the implementation and effectiveness of online learning games that have been developed in the field. Quantitative descriptive analysis techniques are used at the development stages. This study has achieved the expected goal: producing online learning games for linear program subjects that are valid (very good category), practical (very good category), and effective (85.71% of students had achieve a minimum score of C).
Weather - food web interactions steer the dynamics of an insect population
Authors: Solbreck Christer , Knape Jonas , Förare Jonas
Published: March 2022

Abstract Insect population dynamics are the result of an interplay
between intraspecific competition, trophic interactions and external
forces such as weather conditions, but studying how these processes
combine to determine population change is challenging. We investigate
mechanisms of population dynamics in a natural, low density insect
population. Eggs and larvae of the noctuid moth, Abrostola asclepiadis,
develop on its host plant during summer. The population density, and
mortality, was closely monitored throughout this period during 15 years.
Densities fluctuated between one and two orders of magnitude. Egg –
larval developmental time varied substantially among years, with lower
survival in cool summers with slower development. This was presumably
due to the prolonged exposure to a large guild of polyphagous arthropod
enemies. We also found a density dependent component during this period,
that could be a result of intraspecific competition for food among old
larvae. Dynamics during the long period from pupation in late summer
through winter survival in the ground to adult emergence and oviposition
the next year displayed few clear patterns and more unexplained
variability, thus giving a more random appearance. The population hence
shows more unexplained or unpredictable variation during the long
wintering period, but seems more predictable over the summer egg-larval
period. Our study illustrates how weather - via a window of exposure to
enemies and in combination with density-dependent processes - can
determine the course of population change through the insect life cycle.
Do Shared Auditors Improve Audit Quality? Evidence from Banking Relationships
Authors: Ton Karen
Published: March 2022

Auditor knowledge is a key element in explaining the supply of audit quality, yet understanding of the drivers of this knowledge in the archival literature is limited. This study uses an archival approach to examine whether the sharing of auditors among firms in banking relationships results in information transfers that improve audit quality. I find that audit quality improves for both borrowers and lenders who share the same auditor office. Specifically, lenders who share an auditor office with their borrowers have more accurate loan-loss provisions, especially lenders with smaller commercial loan portfolios. Borrowers who share an auditor office with their lender are less likely to receive a clean audit opinion just prior to bankruptcy. Overall, these findings are consistent with shared auditors in banking relationships developing client specific knowledge that is transferable across clients and industries.

JEL Classifications: G21; M41; M42.
Self-perceptions of Smile and Facial Attractiveness among Dentistry Students
Authors: F Zardawi
Published: March 2022

Background: Many factors are known to influence individuals’ understanding and awareness about their orofacial beauty, including age, sex, social and educational level. This manuscript attempts to identify perceptions of dental students about their own smile and their understanding about ideals of facial beauty as they are going to perform part of facial esthetic procedures after graduation. Methods: A convenience sampling method was used to recruit a sample of dental students at different stages of their study in college of dentistry. A printed questionnaire form was dispersed among the students containing demographic data and two sets of questions regarding characteristics of their own smile and their understanding about general ideals of facial beauty. Results: No significant differences emerged regarding age or sex in the students’ responses to questions related to their smile’s attractiveness. Whereas significant differences were found in the majority of responses to the other set of questions related to esthetic ideals of facial beauty between males and females but not between the two age groups. Conclusion: The outcome of the current study indicates similar awareness among male and female students about their own smiles. However, male and female students reported different outlooks toward facial beauty and attractiveness.
Online Training for Silage Feed Production in Nggorang Village
Authors: Detha Annytha , Ndaong Nemay , Foeh Nancy , Maranatha Grace , Datta Frans Umbu
Published: March 2022

Penerapan produksi pakan ternak fermentasi berpotensi untuk dilakukan di Desa Nggorang, Kecamatan Komodo, Kabupaten Manggarai Barat. Desa Nggorang sebenarnya memiliki potensi peternakan yang dapat menjadi sumber pendapatan utama untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat, namun permasalahannya masyarakat di Desa Nggorang belum mengetahui pemanfaatan silase untuk pakan ternak. Pakan silase dapat menjadi pilihan pakan ternak yang dapat dibuat sendiri oleh peternak sehingga lebih terjangkau oleh peternak. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan bantuan berupa alih teknologi pembuatan silase kepada para petani dan peternak di Desa Nggorang. Kegiatan pendampingan pembuatan silase dilakukan mulai bulan April hingga Oktober 2021. Metode pendekatan dalam mencapai tujuan pengabdian adalah dengan memberikan edukasi tentang teknik produksi silase yang berasal dari sumber daya lokal. Ini juga merupakan aplikasi dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Nusa Cendana. Penyampaian kegiatan edukasi dan pendampingan dilakukan secara online menggunakan platform aplikasi Zoom. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan adanya daya serap petani yang maksimal dalam menerapkan penerapan teknologi pengolahan pakan silase, meningkatkan keterampilan petani dalam membuat silase dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya yang tersedia dalam jumlah banyak, dan meningkatkan pemahaman petani dalam memanfaatkan diversifikasi silase.
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Kader Tentang Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak dalam Upaya Pencegahan AKI Dan AKB di Desa Citaman
Authors: Nurfazriah Indah , Hidayat Annisa Nurhayati , Kartikasari Rina , Yusuffina Duan
Published: March 2022

Peningkatan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan didukung oleh masyarakat pada umumnya dan khususnya para kader kesehatan yang mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik serta mempunyai komitmen tinggi terhadap peningkatan derajat kesehatan ibu dan anak, saat ini kesehatan ibu dan anak menjadi salah satu prioritas tujuan dari program MDG’s (Millenium Development Goals) yang merupakan pembangunan di era millenium yang dideklarasikan oleh negara-negara berkembang dan negara-negara maju salah satunya Negara Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan bidan koordinator Puskesmas Ciomas terdapat satu desa yang mempunyai kader dengan tingkat pengetahuan yang masih rendah dalam hal meningkatkan derajat kesehatan ibu dan anak. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan kader posyandu tentang tentang kesehatan ibu dan anak sebagai upaya pencegahan AKI dan AKB. Hasil identifikasi menunjukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan kader tentang kesehatan ibu dan anak sebesar 80%. Disarankan agar para kader posyandu di Desa Citaman Wilayah kerja Puskesmas Ciomas Kabupaten Serang dapat memahami dan menerapkan informasi yang diberikan.