bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’Amérique racontée aux Soviétiques : la revue Amerika et la diplomatie publique américaine (1945-1952)
Authors: Faure Justine
Published: December 2016

La revue Amerika , mensuel conçu par le département d’État et diffusé en russe en Union soviétique entre 1945 et 1952 puis à partir de 1956, demeure un vecteur méconnu de la diplomatie publique des États-Unis à l’égard de l’URSS. Grâce à la consultation des archives de la revue pour les années 1945-1952 et à la lecture de l’ensemble des numéros publiés, cet article se propose d’explorer la période historique charnière marquant le passage de la Grande alliance à la Guerre froide. Amerika offre dans cette perspective un prisme d’analyse intéressant puisqu’elle fut diffusée librement en URSS jusqu’à l’hiver 1949-1950, alors que la Guerre froide battait son plein depuis 1947, pour finalement être suspendue par le département d’État à l’été 1952. Il s’agit donc tout d’abord de comprendre la façon dont fut conçue la revue, fruit d’un travail commun entre la branche Magazine du département d’État et les diplomates américains en poste à Moscou. Nous nous attachons ensuite aux deux défis principaux que ses concepteurs eurent à relever. D’une part, il leur fallait cibler avec précision les aspirations et goûts du lectorat russe perçu comme difficile, voire hostile, et donc loin d’être acquis à la cause américaine. L’étude de la revue offre donc un formidable révélateur des représentations américaines de la réalité soviétique. D’autre part, quelles facettes de la civilisation états-unienne fallait-il sélectionner pour convaincre les Soviétiques de l’excellence de l’ American way of life  ?
La captation de l’enfant de converti. L’évolution des normes canoniques à la lumière de l’antijudaïsme des XVI e -XVIII e siècles
Authors: Poutrin Isabelle
Published: December 2016

La décrétale Ex Litteris de Grégoire IX (1229) fixe le statut de l’enfant d’un couple de juifs dont le père s’est converti : l’enfant doit être baptisé et élevé dans la foi chrétienne. À partir du commentaire de ce texte par le jurisconsulte Agustinho Barbosa (v. 1640), on s’attache à présenter la norme concernant l’enfant de converti telle qu’elle est issue du travail des commentateurs médiévaux, en mettant en évidence ses liens avec la question plus large des conversions forcées d’enfants. Dans la période post-tridentine, la décrétale Ex Litteris fut réinterprétée afin de permettre au grand-père converti, puis à la grand-mère, « d’offrir l’enfant au baptême » même du vivant des père et mère juifs. Ce travail normatif prend sens, notamment, dans le contexte des pressions exercées par l’Église pour convertir les juifs dans les États pontificaux. L’évolution de la doctrine est jalonnée par une série d’affaires : le cas traité par Martin de Azpilcueta sous Grégoire XIII puis l’affaire tranchée par Benoît XIV en 1751. Les mises au point pontificales montrent, sur la longue durée, un durcissement des normes au détriment des juifs.
Généalogie d’une évidence statistique : de la « réussite économique » du colonialisme tardif à la « faillite » des États africains (v.1930-v.1980)
Authors: Bonnecase Vincent
Published: December 2016

Au début des années 1980, le constat d’une faillite économique des États africains, statistiquement vérifiable par les mauvais chiffres de la croissance, a accompagné les réformes libérales mises en œuvre en Afrique sous l’égide des institutions financières internationales : l’échec apparaissait d’autant plus évident que bon nombre d’États africains étaient passés d’une croissance forte à la fin de la période coloniale à une période de stagnation dans les années 1960, avant de connaître la récession dans les années 1970. Cet article vise à faire la généalogie de cette évidence statistique qui s’est imposée dans le contexte du tournant libéral, en retraçant l’histoire des chiffres de la croissance en Afrique du point de vue de leurs conditions concrètes d’élaboration par les statisticiens, des significations successives qui leur ont été données et des différents usages qu’en ont faits les contemporains. Il montre que les grands récits statistiques statuant sur l’échec des États africains supposent une réutilisation de chiffres jugés incertains au moment de leur conception, mais aussi une modification de sens par rapport à celui que leur conféraient leurs concepteurs : depuis la fin de la période coloniale, ces chiffres n’ont cessé de donner lieu à des interprétations concurrentes et à des réinterprétations, avant de formaliser l’échec des États africains et la nécessité de réformes libérales au début des années 1980. Au final, la statistique apparaît ici non seulement comme une technique de gouvernement et de légitimation, mais aussi comme l’un des biais par lesquels différentes époques peuvent se projeter les unes dans les autres en investissant les chiffres du passé – ou ceux du futur – d’une signification présente.
Les entreprises intellectuelles de Théodule Ribot
Authors: Carroy Jacqueline , Feuerhahn Wolf , Plas Régine , Trochu Thibaud
Published: December 2016

Cette introduction présente Ribot comme un « entrepreneur intellectuel », dans le contexte de son époque. Ses différentes carrières et entreprises sont successivement détaillées et analysées. Introducteur en France dans les années 1870 des psychologies anglaises et allemandes, Ribot se présente comme ni positiviste ni spiritualiste. Il se situe au centre de la discipline philosophique en créant la Revue philosophique, qu’il dirige jusqu’à sa mort, en 1916, et qui constitue pour lui un ancrage cardinal. Sans être médecin, il donne à la psychologie française une orientation pathologique dans les années 1880. Après 1890, il entreprend de développer une psychologie de l’affectivité. La réussite institutionnelle de Ribot, qui devient en 1888 professeur au Collège de France, s’accompagne de sa réception par un plus large public, dont témoignent les multiples rééditions et traductions de ses ouvrages.
Mill, Ribot et la science du caractère
Authors: Guillin Vincent
Published: December 2016

Infatigable promoteur d’une psychologie « nouvelle », Théodule Ribot a trouvé dans le projet éthologique de John Stuart Mill des arguments confortant sa propre conception de l’architectonique des sciences de l’esprit ; mais cette reprise du programme millien d’une « science des lois de formation du caractère » s’est aussi opérée dans le cadre d’un débat plus général sur les parts respectives de la « nature » et de la « culture » dans la détermination et la manifestation des aptitudes mentales humaines. Comme on le voit de manière exemplaire chez Ribot, cette réception française de l’éthologie s’est distinguée par une focalisation résolue sur les déterminants biologiques du caractère, qui tranche radicalement avec l’« artificialisme » psychologique de Mill et son insistance sur la « pliabilité de la nature humaine ».
Mycotoxins, the unknowns: trends in food availability and consumer perceptions
Authors: Ragona M.
Published: December 2016

Food consumption habits have been changing rapidly over the last decades, and the impact of these changes on the levels of dietary exposure to mycotoxins could be relevant. In this paper, trends in availability of specific foods that are most affected by mycotoxins were analysed, and comparisons were made among different world regions. The food commodities that have been registering very high availability levels and annual increases over the last 20 years are groundnuts and nuts in Africa and Asia, and maize in Africa, which represent an important part of the diets in those regions. Other foods, which are regularly consumed only by subgroups of populations, show increasing trends in many high- or medium-income regions. Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Australia & New Zealand, Western Africa and Eastern Asia are the regions experiencing the most dynamic changes in availability for selected foods. As individual food consumption is determined, among others, by personal risk perceptions, a literature review on the level and drivers of awareness and perception of mycotoxin risks was conducted. The scarce evidence found show a very low level of awareness and a generally moderate perception of risks derived from mycotoxin exposure, lower than risk perceptions associated with other foodborne hazards. Among the determinants of perceived risks, the education level emerges as being inversely related to the risk perception. More research is needed on these aspects, in order to better inform risk management and communication strategies related to mycotoxins.
The antisense expression of AhPEPC1 increases seed oil production in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Pan L. , Zhang J. , Chi X. , Chen N. , Chen M. , Wang M. , Wang T. , Yang Z. , Zhang Z. , Wan Y. , Yu S. , Liu F.
Published: December 2016

Although phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases (PEPCs) are reported to be involved in fatty acid accumulation, nitrogen assimilation, and salt and drought stresses, knowledge regarding PEPC gene functions is still limited, particularly in peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). In this study, the antisense expression of the peanut PEPC isoform 1 (AhPEPC1) gene increased the lipid content by 5.7%–10.3%. This indicated that AhPEPC1 might be related to plant lipid accumulation. The transgenic plants underwent more root elongation than the wild-type under salinity stress. Additionally, the specific down regulation of the AhPEPC1 gene improved the salt tolerance in peanuts. This is the first report on the role of PEPC in lipid accumulation and salt tolerance in peanuts.
Effect of Thymus vulgaris and Bunium persicum essential oils on the oxidative stability of virgin olive oil
Authors: Keramat M. , Golmakani M. T.
Published: December 2016

Natural antioxidants are becoming a major focus because natural food ingredients are safer than synthetic types. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Thymus vulgaris and Bunium persicum essential oils (EO) on the oxidation of virgin olive oil (VOO) during accelerated storage. The antioxidant activities of EOs were compared with those of α-tocopherol and BHT. GC/MS analyses revealed that thymol (28.50%), p-cymene (27.14%), carvacrol (18.36%), and γ-terpinene (4.97%) are the main components of T. vulgaris EO, while cuminaldehyde (32.81%), γ-terpinene (16.02%) and p-cymene (14.07%) are the main components of B. persicum EO. Both EOs provided protection for the VOO, inhibiting the formation of primary and secondary oxidation products although T. vulgaris EO showed greater protection against the oxidation process than B. persicum EO. The effect of T. vulgaris essential oil on the oxidation inhibition of VOO was similar to that of BHT. α-Tocopherol showed no measurable effect on improving the oxidative stability of VOO. This study suggests that T. vulgaris and B. persicum EOs can be used to improve the oxidative stability of VOO.
Cardiovascular risk protection from the Mediterranean diet and olive oil. A transcriptomic update in humans
Authors: Carrión S. , Torres L. , Castañer O.
Published: December 2016

This review highlights the human studies that explore the benefits of the Mediterranean diet and olive oil, based on gene expression analysis. We summarized consistent human transcriptomic studies on cardiovascular risk, based on TMD and olive oil interventions, with real life doses and conditions. A literature review was carried out leading up to February 2016. The results show that the TMD, specially supplemented with virgin olive oil, produces beneficial changes in the transcriptomic response of relevant genes in cardiovascular risk such as CAT, GPX1 and SIRT2. p65 and MCP-1, IL1B, IL6, CXCL1, INF-γ, ARHGAP15 and IL7R, which are involved in inflammation; and ABCA1, SR-B1, PPARBP, PPARα, PPARγ, PPARδ, CD-36 and COX-1, which play an important role in cholesterol efflux. The available data illustrate a transcriptomic effect on atherosclerosis, inflammation and oxidative stress pathways as well as the mentioned genes.
Study of volatile alcohols and esters from the subcutaneous fat during ripening of Iberian dry-cured ham. A tool for predicting the dry-curing time
Authors: Narváez-Rivas M. , Gallardo E. , León-Camacho M.
Published: December 2016

Variations in the amounts of volatile alcohols and esters from subcutaneous fat have been assessed during the dry-curing process (1022 days) of Iberian ham according to a purge and trap-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy method, using the same hams throughout the process. During processing time, the subcutaneous adipose tissues of ten hams obtained from five Iberian pigs fed on acorns and pasture were sampled and analyzed once per month. Fifteen alcohols and five esters have been identified. All volatile alcohols detected in this work have been previously identified by other authors on Iberian ham, except 3-buten-2-ol, 5-methyl-3-hexanol and 2-isononanol. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was applied and the two discriminant functions were obtained using backward stepwise analysis retaining the following variables: butyl ester formic acid, 1-penten-3-ol, methyl ester 2-propenoic acid, 5-methyl-3-hexanol, 1-nonanol, ethyl ester pentanoic acid, ethyl ester hexanoic acid, 2-isononanol, ethanol and 3-buten-2-ol. A complete separation among the three periods was obtained, suggesting that the retained variables are powerful descriptors to distinguish samples from these three dry-curing stages.
Penser et reconstruire sa sexualité après une tumeur testiculaire
Authors: Méric Clément
Published: December 2016

Depuis une trentaine d’années, l’oncologie connaît d’importantes avancées thérapeutiques. Le traitement d’une tumeur testiculaire (premier cancer chez l’homme jeune) en constitue probablement l’exemple-type : cinq ans après le diagnostic, son taux de survie est supérieur à 95 %. En revanche, ses répercussions ne sont pas des moindres : une ablation quasi-systématique du (des) testicule(s) atteint(s), une baisse plus ou moins temporaire de la libido et de la fertilité ou de possibles troubles de l’éjaculation. Bien que la question du pronostic vital soit presque écartée, les soignés sont néanmoins amenés à s’interroger sur leurs futures possibilités, capacités ou limites dans différentes sphères de la vie sociale. Il s’agira ici de décrire leurs représentations des implications sexuelles de ce cancer et ses traitements ainsi que les éventuelles stratégies qu’ils mettent en œuvre afin d’y faire face.
La « prise en charge globale » en oncopédiatrie
Authors: Lecompte Hélène
Published: December 2016

Les progrès médicaux ont contribué à transformer la prise en charge hospitalière des enfants atteints de cancer. En 2009, le deuxième Plan cancer rappelle l’importance de renforcer l’ouverture des services d’oncopédiatrie aux acteurs non médicaux : éducateurs de jeunes enfants et enseignants participent à la prise en charge et les parents peuvent séjourner à l’hôpital. Tous ces acteurs contribuent à la matérialisation d’un espace de prise en charge réunissant diverses institutions ; rassemblement qui suppose une cohabitation entre la famille, l’école et l’hôpital. Cet article éclaire la manière dont cette organisation institutionnelle, qui cherche à maintenir certains repères dans les murs de l’hôpital, constitue un espace à la fois semblable et différent du monde hors de l’hôpital. La forme de la prise en charge déconcerte les enseignants, les éducateurs et les parents, dont les rôles et les fonctions sont travaillés par l’institution hospitalière, mais également les enfants, sortis de leurs espaces sociaux habituels et maintenus dans un nouveau monde qui cherche étrangement à ressembler à l’ancien.
Le Boom de l’or au Soudan
Authors: Chevrillon-Guibert Raphaëlle
Published: December 2016

La perte de la rente pétrolière du Soudan du Sud, devenu indépendant en 2011, associée à la baisse mondiale des cours du pétrole, a plongé le Soudan dans une crise économique dramatique. Dans les années 2000, la hausse concomitante du prix des minerais, et plus particulièrement de l’or, a entraîné un regain d’intérêt du régime de Khartoum pour les activités minières. Cet article détaille les stratégies déployées par le gouvernement soudanais pour faire des activités minières sa planche de salut, notamment en encourageant le développement d’une production industrielle et en réorganisant la filière de commercialisation de l’or. Pour mettre en lumière les conséquences de ces nouvelles politiques économiques sur les rapports de pouvoir entre État et société, mais également entre les territoires, il étudie les modalités selon lesquelles les acteurs économiques ont réagi aux nouvelles occasions qui leur étaient offertes ainsi qu’aux nouvelles contraintes qui leur ont été imposées. Cette analyse est fondée sur un travail de terrain mené à Khartoum en avril 2014, juin 2015 et avril 2016.
The Governance of Climate Change Adaptation Finance—An Overview and Critique
Authors: Scoville-Simonds Morgan
Published: December 2016

At COP21 in Paris parties to the UNFCCC reiterated the goal of USD 100 billion annually in climate finance by 2020 and agreed to set a more ambitious target by 2025. A significant portion of these funds is intended to flow through the newly operational Green Climate Fund and will be dedicated to climate change adaptation in developing countries. Meanwhile, growing support for adaptation is already flowing through diverse channels. International debates continue, not only over the amount of adaptation finance, but also with regard to fund governance. In particular, developing countries are seeking greater country control through increased participation in high-level decision-making and ‘direct access’ to adaptation funds. This paper proposes an overview of the primary channels currently employed in the emerging adaptation finance field, with particular attention to governance characteristics relevant to international debates. This analysis suggests that while both developing-country participation in decision-making and ‘direct access’ to funds have increased in some cases, the vast majority of adaptation finance continues to flow through traditional development aid channels and does not respond to developing countries’ concerns regarding fund governance. If adaptation finance structures are not perceived as legitimate by developing countries, a global, coordinated response to climate change may be put at risk. Further, the implications, in terms of social justice and the effectiveness of adaptation, of conducting adaptation along the lines of development are currently under-represented in the literature. Given the goal of mobilising, for adaptation and mitigation in developing countries, USD 100 billion per year by 2020, there is an urgent need for empirical research in this domain.
Mathematical Models on the Closed Circuit Balancing Systems in Machine Tools
Authors: Prodan Dan , Bucuresteanu Anca , Dobrescu Tiberiu , Motomancea Adrian
Published: December 2016

In this paper we make a comparison between the most common balancing systems used in heavy duty machine tools and especially in CNC type ones. We introduce the systems with reducing valves, pumps with pressure regulator and the systems with accumulators assembled in closed circuit. For the latter we present calculation models used during operation under adiabatic transformations (operating times of seconds) or under isothermal transformations (operating times of minutes). There are also presented applications of these models for a gantry type milling machine and an AF type machine.
Optimization of the Casting Length of Billets and Computation of Minimum Number of Steel Batches
Authors: Clitan Iulia , Mureşan Vlad , Abrudean Mihail , Sas Diana Monica
Published: December 2016

This paper deals with the optimization of the casted billet’s lengths, in the context of diverse received orders. Linear programming is used in order to solve the optimization problem, such that minimum cost for the optimal lengths results. A technological constraint is that the number of resulted billets for each casted length must be an integer one. The authors also propose an algorithm for determining the number of batches of liquid steel needed to cover all pieces at optimal lengths for the diverse orders, and also the scheduling order of the casting process.
Contributions Regarding the Improvement of Turning Processes Using Statistical Process Control Method
Authors: Campean Emilia Maria , Otel Călin Ciprian , Pop Emanuela
Published: December 2016

This paper aims documentary research of theoretical and experimental statistical process control in industrial engineering. The most effective means to reduce process variations against the customer requirements is to implement a quality management system based on statistical process control tools. Cutting regime changes in turning processes are based on careful monitoring of vibration. As soon as it is found in the milling excessive noise or vibration the measure to which it resort is to reduce one or more parameters (speed, feed and depth of cut) to remove the effect. Finally, the measure has a negative impact on performance.
Aging of Silica Optical Fiber in Static Fatigue Tests
Authors: Evano Noella , El Abdi Rochdi , Poulain Marcel
Published: December 2016

During their use, optical fibers are subject to harsh installation and environmental conditions. To evaluate more precisely the lifetime of an optical fiber, it is necessary to study the mechanical behavior of optical fibers under extreme conditions, in particular under mechanical and thermal stress.This paper presents the results of new silica optical fibers aged in hot water between 20°C and 70°C and subjected to mechanical static bending stresses from 3 GPa to 3.5 GPa. Thermal dependence of the time to failure was observed. This dependence can be described by the Arrhenius model, where the activation energy is one of the main physical characteristic.
Bending Calculus for Bio-Composite Sandwich Beams with Two Equal Consoles
Authors: Tripa Mihai Sorin , Dorina Sorcoi , Ghioltean Lucia , Sorcoi Adriana , Suciu Mihaela
Published: December 2016

Aeronautic industries, medicine, automotive industries are domains in which the composite materials are very important. In orthopedics and orthodontist domains, titanium and its alloys are very used, because their mechanical properties are similar to bone tissue. Bio-composite sandwich beams have high stiffness in flexion and good thermal characteristics. The analytical calculus for bending bio-composite beams is very important. We calculate the arrows for sandwich beams for two aspects: first – beam in four kinds of alloys (titanium alloys, stainless steel, aluminum alloys, Co-Cr-Mo alloys) and second – bio-composite sandwich beam, composed of two equal layers in same alloys and heart in: polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, epoxide, phenolic, polyester, polyamides, balsa 1 and balsa 2 and compare its.
Production of Nano-Sized Co3O4 by Pyrolysis of Organic Extracts
Authors: Serga Vera , Krūmiņa Aija , Lubane Mara , Heidemane Gundega , Maiorov Mikhail
Published: December 2016

The most promising application field of materials based on nano-sized Co3O4 is catalysis. The method of production is one of the factors, which greatly affects the catalytic activity of Co3O4 catalysts. The aim of this research is to study possibilities of a new promising extractive-pyrolytic method (EPM) for the production of Co3O4 nanopowders and silica- and ceria-supported Co3O4 nanocomposites. Solutions of cobalt hexanoate in hexanoic acid and trioctylammonium tetrachlorocobaltate in toluene preliminary produced by solvent extraction were used as precursors. The precursors’ thermal stability, phase composition, morphology and the magnetic properties of the final products of pyrolysis were studied. The performed investigations have shown that the mean size of the Co3O4 crystallites in the materials produced by the EPM varies from amorphous to 55 nm due to the production conditions.
Alkaline Activated Material as the Adsorbent for Uptake of High Concentration of Zinc from Wastewater
Authors: Gruskevica Kamila , Bumanis Girts , Tihomirova Kristina , Bajare Diana , Juhna Tālis
Published: December 2016

The use of wastes for developing of new materials is a sustainable approach. In current study filter media produced from industrial waste was tested for an ability to decrease high concentration of zinc in standard solution and industrial wastewater. The geopolymer production requires mixing of post-industrial waste with naturally occurred aluminosilicate materials by using binding agent at the ambient or slightly increased temperature in order to produce a long lasting eco-friendly cementitious material. The tested media decreased concentration of zinc in standard solution from 72,9 to 19,6 mg/L in 30 min showing similar performance as commercially available zeolite material. In experiments with wastewater the adsorption of Zn by AAM was much lower, which can be explained by the fact that wastewater contained generous amounts of different metal ions, organic substances and oils. Despite complex composition of wastewater AAM was able to immobilize at minimum 22 mg/L (32%) Zn from the solution.
Characterization of Polyvinyl Acetate/Multi Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites
Authors: Bitenieks Juris , Merijs Meri Remo , Zicans Janis , Kalniņš Mārtiņš
Published: December 2016

Nanocomposite films from polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) dispersion and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by solution casting technique. Stress-strain properties showed increase in elastic modulus and yield strength. Mechanical properties characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis represented increase in storage modulus below glass transition temperature. Studied dielectrical properties of PVAc/MWCNT nanocomposites revealed formation of conductive MWCNT network in PVAc matrix.
Effect of Low-Content of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes on Dielectric Properties of Polyethylene Oxide Solid Composite Electrolyte
Authors: Jurkane Aleksandra , Gaidukov Sergejs
Published: December 2016

Preparation of polymeric nano-composites with finely controlled structure, especially, at nano-scale, is still one of the most perspective modification ways of the properties of polymeric composites. Paper actuality is based on growing need for non-combustible and safe battery electrolytes, which operate portable electronic devices. Polyethylene oxide solid composite electrolytes containing lithium triflate, multiwall carbon nanotubes and graphene by solution casting and hot-pressing method were prepared. Dielectric spectroscopy, surface resistivity measurements were performed to evaluate nanoparticles influence on the dielectric characteristics of the electrolyte material. Observed enhancement of dielectric conductivity is connected to the addition of the Li+ ions and incorporation of the electrically conductive nanoparticles to the polymer electrolyte
Quantitative Changes of Bone Volume and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Biomarkers in Healthy, Osteoporotic and Osteoporotic Sham Surgery Affected Rabbit Bone Controls
Authors: Zarins Janis , Pilmane Mara , Salma Ilze , Make Kristine
Published: December 2016

Aim of our preliminary in vivo study was to evaluate bone regeneration properties in three different bone conditions and to compare expression of OPG, NFkB105, BMP2/4, MMP2, IL 1 and IL 10 between healthy, osteoporotic and osteoporotic sham surgery affected rabbit bone controls. Osteoporosis index was found to be higher in healthy bone, while rabbits with osteoporotic sham surgery affected bone showed slight elevation of mean trabecular field rather than rabbits with osteoporotic bone. Expression of OPG and NFkB105 was higher in healthy bone, with less equal appearance in osteoporotic and osteoporotic sham surgery affected bone. Presence of BMP2/4 and MMP2 was much higher in healthy bone, whereas twice less in osteoporotic group. Osteoporotic sham surgery affected group showed recurrence of immunoreactive structures similar to healthy group of IL 1 and IL 10. OPG and was found as the most stable indicators for bone regeneration. Decrease of BMP2/4, MMP2, IL-1 and 1L-10 in osteoporotic bone with following increase in osteoporotic sham surgery affected bone, proves the role of traumatic injury as the inducer of bone regeneration.
Thermal Stability of the Lightweight Alkali Activated Chamotte
Authors: Dembovska Laura , Bajare Diana , Ducman Vilma , Bumanis Girts
Published: December 2016

This study deals with the porous refractories based on alkali activated chamotte with addition of aluminium scrap recycling waste as a pore forming agent and firebrick sawing residues as a heat resistant filler for the application in temperature up to 850°C. These newly developed porous lightweight materials can be potentially used in the industrial field, since they display good thermal insulation, density range from 541 to 618 kg/m3 and resistance to elevated temperatures (material shrinkage at the temperature of 850°C did not exceed 0.05%). The refractoriness of alkali activated materials was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA/TG) and dilatometry tests. Pore microstructure was examined by SEM. Mineralogical composition of the raw materials and physical properties of the produced samples were determined.
Initial Damage Mechanism and Running-In Behaviour of Phosphate Conversion Coatings
Authors: Nevosad Andreas , Azhaarudeen Saranya , Doerr Nicole , Zacharias Heike , Klarner Jürgen , Badisch Ewald
Published: December 2016

This work is focused on the damage and wear mechanisms of phosphate conversion coatings which were deposited onto steel substrates by a wet-chemical process. For studying the damage mechanism, sets of multiple scratches were performed. Scratch tests along with SEM micrographs revealed the early damage mechanisms as well as the running-in friction and wear behaviour of phosphate conversion coatings. The deeper understanding allows to increase tribological performance in terms of controlled friction and wear resistance of technical components. This way, promising measures in reduction of seizing and increase of lifetime for such components could be developed.
Fabric Finishing with Flame Retardant Coating
Authors: Micule Arita , Reihmane Skaidrite , Baltina Ilze
Published: December 2016

Due to its wide application improvement of fire protection of materials has always been topical. Aim of the research is to render textile materials less flammable in an economically and environmentally friendly manner using modified commercial products. Plain wave cotton fabric pretreated with cyclic phosphonate flame retardant (FR) Itoflam PES was used in experiments. Printing pastes Printperfect LAC 60, Tubiscreen EX-TS and Printperfect EX-AR with additive antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) were used for additional treatment of cotton fabric via flat screen coating method. FR properties, physico – mechanical characteristics (tensile strength, elongation, stiffness, abrasion resistance) were examined. It is concluded that foamed coating increases the stiffness and abrasion resistance of material. Recommendations for material application are given.
Compatibilizers Effect on Silyl-Terminated Polyether/Epoxy Resin System Mechanical and Rheological Properties
Authors: Berzins Ritvars , Merijs Meri Remo , Zicans Janis
Published: December 2016

In this work we study influence of compatibilizers on tensile and rheological properties of new Silyl terminated polymer/Epoxy two component systems. In early works about that kind systems most of attention is devoted to polymers used (mainly silyl terminated polyether), while less attention is paid to catalysts, compatibilizers and additives [1-2]. One of the most important system elements are compatibilizers, while in this particular system silyl terminated polyether cannot react with epoxy groups directly. This work indicates that compatibilizer has a crucial meaning to reach material potential mechanical properties.
Preparative Solid Phase Extraction for the Purification of Levoglucosan Obtained from Lignocellulose
Authors: Meile Kristine , Zhurinsh Aivars
Published: December 2016

Automated preparative scale solid phase extraction (SPE) has been used to separate levoglucosan – a valuable platform chemical from the liquid products of wood pyrolysis. The sorbent for SPE was a strongly basic anion exchange resin in OH-form. Separation of levoglucosan could be done with water as the eluent, the regeneration of the resin was done with a NaCl solution. Up-scaling the purification of levoglucosan is a step forward industrial production of this chemical.
Fiber Reinforced Fly Ash Concrete and Extreme Fires
Authors: Broucek Miroslav , Sejnoha Michal , Reiterman Pavel
Published: December 2016

The paper presents results from two large scale experiments on six concrete panels reinforced with steel fibers or bars obtained during an extensive experimental program aimed at possible application of cement reduced (fly ash replaced) concrete in the production of precast segmental linings for tunnels created by TBM. In particular, this paper focuses on the comparison of fire resistance of enhanced mixtures loaded by the modified RWS fire curve. The results from the experiments include spalling, overall damage of the surface, deformations during the fire exposure, temperature distribution and residual strength of the tested panels.
Research of the Interaction of Mechanically Activated Fillers Based on Silica and Cement Paste
Authors: Yadykina Valentina V. , Gridchin Anatoly M. , Trautvain Anna
Published: December 2016

The influence of grinding silica-containing raw materials in various mills on the reactivity of fillers at their contact with cement has been researched. The analysis of the research has shown that as a result of mechanical treatment of the feedstock a significant increase in its activity can be achieved. Thus, the greatest effect can be obtained by the use of mechanically activated filler of quartz sandstone and wet magnetic separation waste, ground in a planetary ball mill. It has been proved that this is due to the formation of Bronsted acid sites on the surface of fillers, which are capable of forming strong hydrogen bonds with the cement hydration products and of participating in ion exchange reactions intergranular contact formation. There is a pronounced dependence between the increase in the strength characteristics of the samples of system "mineral filler - cement" and increase of concentration of active sites on the surface of the mineral materials.
Belit Cement Based on Concrete Recyclate
Authors: Magrla Radek , Gazdič Dominik , Kulísek Karel , Dvořák Karel
Published: December 2016

Main phase of belite cement is β-C2S. This modification is distinguished by low hydration speed compared to alite, which is main mineral of commonly produced cement. It is possible to increase the low hydration speed by modification of raw mixture by potassic ions, which basically change the belite structure. It leads to the content increase of internal free energy and therefore its reactivity too. Positioning of potassic ions in produced clinker is solved by combined burning.
Numerical Analysis of Effect of Cyclic Thermal Load on Concrete to Concrete Bonding
Authors: Khmurovska Yuliia , Štemberk Petr , Petřík Martin , Maruyama Ippei , Holčapek Ondřej
Published: December 2016

This paper presents a numerical simulation and preliminary experimental investigation of bonding of concrete structures using cement and polymer cement as adhesive materials. The numerical model of concrete plates bonded with the polymer cement is created and subjected to cyclic thermal loading. As a result, the critical stresses are obtained. Also all the necessary materials for carrying out high-quality, fast and inexpensive experimental investigation of the strength of cement and polymer cement bond are prepared. The experimental setup and the first results obtained are also described. The bonding quality of the polymer cement shows satisfactory results under this kind of loading, thus the use of the polymer cement for bonding of concrete structures of different properties is reasonable in the specific fields considered in this study.
Carbonation Resistance of Fine Aggregate Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement
Authors: Pavlů Tereza , Šefflová Magdaléna
Published: December 2016

The main aim of this contribution is verification of durability properties of concrete with partial replacement of cement by recycled cement powder (RCP) sourced from pure waste concrete. The main topic of this article is the study of influence of partial replacement of cement by RCP to the carbonation resistance of fine aggregate concrete with partial replacement of cement. The compressive strength, tensile strength in bending and depth of carbonation were tested after 56 days of CO2 curing. Partial replacement of cement was 0, 5, 10 and 15 % for all these tests. The properties were investigated by using prismatic specimens.
Preparation of High-Performance Concrete for Adjusting of Possibility of its Usage in Building Practice
Authors: Špak Matej
Published: December 2016

Technology of High-Performance Concrete (HPC) presents one of advanced concrete technologies. In comparison to common concrete, HPC is characterized by much better qualitative parameters both for fresh and hardened concrete. However, utilization of adequate materials as well as specific processes of both the production and handling of fresh concrete is required to achieve the above standard parameters of concrete. Currently, limited possibility of utilization of local source materials with applicable parameters curtails wider production of HPC within the building practice. Results of experimental approval of HPC properties which was prepared from local aggregates are presented in the paper. Used aggregates have not appropriate parameters for application into HPC on its face. Therefore the achieved results show the potential of its applied utilization.
Effect of Placement Method on Projectile Impact Resistance of UHPFRC
Authors: Lovichová Romana , Mára Michal , Fornůsek Jindřich
Published: December 2016

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the impact resistance of UHPFRC slabs. The influence of horizontal and vertical casting of thin slabs against penetration by a projectile is described. The resistance of penetration by a projectile was investigated using projectile with lead core. The results indicate different penetration depths and crater diameters in the target specimens for both kind of casting. Which points on a different arrangement of fibers for horizontal and vertical casting slabs. However, the protective ability is guaranteed in both placement method. Based on the present findings the slabs from ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete casted vertically appear to be most efficient in protection against projectile impact.
MgO Influence on the Fundamental Characteristics of Corundum Refractory Castables
Authors: Nevřivová Lenka
Published: December 2016

The paper focuses on the determination of how periclase content in the raw material influences the final properties of no-cement refractory castables. The motivation for this research was the continued pressure on increasing the utility properties of refractory castables, especially their corrosion resistance. The influence of MgO was observed in vibration-compacted refractory castables; the mixtures were made so that the consistency of each one was the same. There were only minimal differences in the water content of the mixtures. The mineral composition of the raw materials used in the manufacturing of the refractory castables was determined and the influence of the firing temperature on their compressive strength, flexural strength, apparent porosity, mineralogy and pore structure was described. The corrosion resistance was determined by means of the crucible test according to CSN P CEN/TS 15418 (726022) Method of test for dense refractory products – Guidelines for testing the corrosion resistance of refractories caused by liquids.
Homocysteine Activates B Cells via Regulating PKM2-Dependent Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Deng Jiacheng , Lü Silin , Liu Huiying , Liu Bo , Jiang Changtao , Xu Qingbo , Feng Juan , Wang Xian
Published: December 2016

The overactivation of immune cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-accelerated atherosclerosis. Homocysteine (Hcy) activates B cell proliferation and Ab secretion; however, the underlying mechanisms for these effects remain largely unknown. Metabolic reprogramming is critical for lymphocyte activation and effector function. In this study, we showed that Hcy-activated B cells displayed an increase in both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis, with a tendency to shift toward the latter, as well as an accumulation of intermediates in the pentose phosphate pathway, to provide energy and biosynthetic substrates for cell growth and function. Mechanistically, Hcy increased both the protein expression and glycolytic enzyme activity of the pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme 2 (PKM2) in B cells, whereas the PKM2 inhibitor shikonin restored Hcy-induced metabolic changes, as well as B cell proliferation and Ab secretion both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that PKM2 plays a critical role in metabolic reprogramming in Hcy-activated B cells. Further investigation revealed that the Akt–mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway was involved in this process, as the mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor rapamycin inhibited Hcy-induced changes in PKM2 enzyme activity and B cell activation. Notably, shikonin treatment effectively attenuated HHcy-accelerated atherosclerotic lesion formation in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that PKM2 is required to support metabolic reprogramming for Hcy-induced B cell activation and function, and it might serve as a critical regulator in HHcy-accelerated initiation of atherosclerosis.
TGF-β Controls the Formation of Kidney-Resident T Cells via Promoting Effector T Cell Extravasation
Authors: Ma Chaoyu , Mishra Shruti , Demel Erika L. , Liu Yong , Zhang Nu
Published: December 2016

Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, a population of noncirculating memory T cells, are one of the essential components of immunological memory in both mouse and human. Although CD69+CD103+ TRM cells represent a major TRM cell population in barrier tissues including the mucosal surface and the skin, CD69+CD103− TRM cells dominate most nonbarrier tissues, such as the kidney. TGF-β is required for the differentiation of CD69+CD103+ TRM cells in barrier tissues. However, the developmental control of CD69+CD103− TRM cells in nonbarrier tissues remains largely unknown and the involvement of TGF-β signaling is less clear. In this study we demonstrated that TGF-β promoted the formation of kidney-resident T cells via enhancing the tissue entry of effector T cells. Mechanistically, TGF-β enhanced E- and P-selectin and inflammatory chemokine-mediated extravasation of effector T cells. Thus TGF-β controls the first developmental checkpoint of TRM cell differentiation in nonbarrier tissues.
Baseline Neurocognitive Performance and Clearance for Athletes to Return to Contact
Authors: Asken Breton M. , Clugston James R. , Snyder Aliyah R. , Bauer Russell M.
Published: December 2016

Context: Computerized neurocognitive assessments are commonly used to manage sport-related concussion. Variations in baseline performance may influence neurocognitive performance after injury as well as the amount of time needed for an athlete to be cleared for return to sport participation.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between mean baseline Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) scores and postconcussion reliable decline as well as the association between postconcussion cognitive decline and days missed after injury.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: University concussion databank.

Patients or Other Participants: A total of 84 collegiate athletes who sustained a concussion between 2008 and 2015 were studied. For each ImPACT composite score (verbal memory, visual memory, visual motor speed, reaction time), athletes were grouped based on the presence or absence of reliable decline and on the presence of reliable decline in 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 cognitive domains.

Main Outcome Measure(s): Outcome measures were baseline ImPACT composite scores and days missed due to concussion.

Results: Athletes with a reliable decline in visual memory scored higher on baseline visual memory than did athletes with no decline or an improvement (t82 = −2.348, P = .021, d = 0.65). When comparing athletes who displayed a reliable decline with those who showed no change or an improvement in any composite score, days missed did not differ. The number of composite scores with a reliable decline demonstrated no main effect on days missed (P = .530).

Conclusions: Athletes who exhibited cognitive decline in most or all of the composite scores did not miss more days after injury than athletes with a decline in fewer or none of the composite scores. Athletes should be educated regarding the lack of association between baseline neurocognitive scores and the presence or absence of a reliable decline after concussion, as well as the fact that, on average, individuals with a reliable decline across multiple domains did not miss more time after concussion.
A free church perspective on military chaplains role in its historical context
Authors: Allison Neil E.
Published: December 2016

The waning influence of Christianity in the United Kingdom’s armed forces since 1960 and the growing ignorance of personnel who have ties to a particular denomination, gave rise to a new assessment of the military chaplain in a modern and postmodern context. This article gives an overview of the practice during the two world wars and after the 1960s. It also gives an overview of the debate on the current role of the military chaplain, especially the beliefs of Herspring, Zahn, Coleman and McCormack, and eventually set up a role model from a Free Church perspective. It is shown that an operating model that is only defined in pastoral terms does not satisfy. The pastoral and spiritual definition, in terms of a liminal serving as an alternative, is suggested because it frees the chaplain to act more independent and also describes the best practice that has always prevailed in the British army.
SIGNIFICANCE AND CONTROL OF AIR-BORNE CONTAMINATION IN MILK AND FOOD PLANTS1,2
Authors: Heldman D. R.
Published: December 2016

The control or elimination of air-borne contamination in the food industry provides many distinct advantages. Obtaining maximum shelf-life of packaged non-sterile food products, gaining full economic advantages of continuous sterilization of fluid food products and maintaining overall high quality levels are among the advantages. By control or elimination of sources such as floor drains ventilation systems and plant workers, populations of air-borne microorganisms can be reduced significantly. Recent results reveal that 68% of the air-borne bacteria counts in packaging areas of a dairy plant are greater than 6 per ft3. Nearly 45% of the air-borne bacteria are associated with particles between 2.0 and 5.5 microns. Contamination control can be accomplished by preventing transport of air-borne contaminants from source to point of contamination. Air turbulence is one of the primary mechanisms contributing to transport. Laminar flow of filtered air has provided effective control under experimental situations.