bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Monti Berici: A Peculiar Type of Karst in the Southern Alps
Authors: Sauro Ugo
Published: July 2019

Hribovje Monti Berici predstavljajo najjužnejšo kraško morfološko enoto Južnih Alp in obenem svojski tip krasa. Analiza njihove topografije, ugotavljanje morfostratigrafskih ostankov uravnanih površij in različnih rečnih oblik, zaznavanje nekaterih elementov, pomembnih za kronologijo, predstavljenih v tem sestavku, so dovolj, da si je mogoče zamisliti predhodni model geomorfološkega razvoja te gorske skupine. Vodilni morfogenetski elementi so fluvialnega izvora in jih ne določajo le spremembe klime, ampak tudi tektonsko dviganje in/ali spremembe baznega nivoja. Kraške oblike so se razvile predvsem na ostankih fluvialnih oblik ali v skladu z razmeroma neaktivnimi fluvialnimi oblikami. Starost glavnih oblik se razteza čez zelo dolgo obdobje, verjetno v razponu 15 milijonov let. Da so se te zelo stare oblike lahko ohranile, je mogoče razložiti s svojskim geomorfološkim okoljem, ki ga ni zajela poledenitev tekom pleistocena. Primerjava razvojnih modelov večih kraških morfostruktur v Južnih Alpah pomaga razumeti razlike v njihovem geomorfološkem oblikovanju.The Monti Berici constitute the most southerly karst morpho-unit of the Southern Alps and a peculiar type of karst. The analysis of their topography, the identification of a »morpho-stratigraphy« of the relicts of surface planation and of the different types of fluvial forms, and the recognition of the few elements of chronological significance present in this context, allow the delineation of a preliminary model of the geomorphological evolution of this mountain group. The main morphogenetical elements are of fluvial origin and have been determined, not only by the climatic changes, but also by the tectonic uplifting and/or by changes of the base level. The karst landforms have mostly evolved on the relict fluvial forms or in the context of relatively inactive fluvial forms. The age of the main forms extends over a very long time span, probably in the order of 15 millionyears. The preservation of very old forms can be explained by the peculiar geomorphological environment which was not affected by glacial erosion during the Pleistocene. The comparison of the evolution models of several karst morpho-units in the Southern Alps helps to understand the differences in their geomorphological styles.
Contribution of Ivan Gams to the Development of Slovene Karst Terminology
Authors: Kunaver Jurij
Published: July 2019

Razvitost znanstvene terminologije je eden od pomembnih kazalcev stanja v posamezni znanstveni veji. Zato je pomenila izdaja Slovenske kraške terminologije leta 1973 pomembno dejanje in prelomnico v slovenskem krasoslovju. Leto pozneje sta izšli tudi podobni terminologiji v srbskem in hrvaškem jeziku, vse to pa je bila posledica odločitve takratne Zveze geografskih organizacij Jugoslavije o jugoslovanskem znanstvenem simpoziju o kraški terminologiji, ki je bil v Ljubljani od 22.-23. oktobra 1971. Za vsem tem je stal prof. Ivan Gams, ki je bil ne samo pobudnik ampak tudi izvajalec te akcije. A tudi po njegovi pobudi so se slovenski krasoslovci v tem pogledu prebudili že deset let prej, leta 1962, ko je bil v okviru Geografskega društva Slovenije prvi posvet na to temo. Začetki samostojne slovenske krasoslovne terminologije segajo celo v drugo polovico 19. stoletja, ko so bili s prvim vodnikom o Postojnski jami avtorja Coste (1863), pisanim v slovenščini, postavljeni njeni prvi znanstveni temelji. Ivan Gams pa je skupaj s sodelavci pred tridesetimi leti z izdajo sodobno zasnovane Slovenske kraške terminologije, opremljene s tujejezičnimi sopomenkami, omogočil njen enakopraven mednarodni položaj ob boku drugih terminologij, s tem pa prispeval tudi k narodni in znanstveni samozavesti. The stage of the scientific terminology is by all means one of the indicators of the development of the scientific branch, to which it belongs. Therefore the publishing of the Slovene karst terminology in 1973 was an important event for further development of Slovene karstology. Still more, the efforts for a comparative national karst terminologies of former common state Yugoslavia were successfully achieved in publishing the Serbian and Croatian karst terminology also, a year later. In fact, the former Association of the geographical societies of Yugoslavia decided to give full support to its subcommission in preparing the project Karst terminology of the Yugoslave nations and to a joint Yugoslave symposium on Karst terminology, held in Ljubljana from 22-23th October 1971, both guided and organised by prof. Ivan Gams, who was also the original initiator of this idea. All this efforts were newertheless combined and connected with the international work of that time to find most appropriate terms and definitions for the karst phenomena and to make them comparable in terms of national terminologies. Ivan Gams was therefore not only a most important promoter of the Slovene karst terminology and one of the leading persons of the scientific karstology in the time concerned but was due to his global ideas also one of the central persons in the international karstology.
Hallerstein and Chinese Karst
Authors: Južnič Stanislav
Published: July 2019

Opisali smo delo kranjskega znanstvenika Avguština Hallersteina. Obravnavali smo Hallersteinove zemljevide kitajskih kraških območij. Zbrali smo podatke o njegovih potovanjih po kitajskem krasu.The life and work of the Carniolan scientist Auguštin Hallerstein was described. Hallerstein’s maps of the Chinese karst areas were discussed. The data about his travels through the karst regions were presented.
Geomorphologic Evolution of a Coastal Karst: The Gulf of Orosei (Central-East Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: De Waele Jo
Published: July 2019

Orosejski zaliv je eno najpomembnejših obalnokraških območij v Italiji. Številne nove meritve jam so omogočile boljše razumevanje speleogeneze na območju zaliva. Razvoj krasa na tem območju smo raziskovali z različnimi geomorfološkimi raziskavami na površju in pod morjem, ter spelološkimi raziskavami v jamah. Glavni faktorji morfoloških procesov so litologija, tektonika, paleoklima in nihanja morske gladine. Študija nekaterih pomembnih jamskih sistemov je pokazala kompleksen geološki razvoj, kjer so kraški procesi igrali pomembno vlogo od zgodnjega terciarja in dosegli višek v pliokvartarju.In the past ten years cave surveying has allowed better understanding of speleogenesis in the Orosei Gulf (Central-East Sardinia, Italy), one of the most important coastal karst areas of Italy. Surface geomorphologic research has been accompanied by subterranean and submarine landform analysis in order to try and understand the evolution of this coastal karst since its emersion in Upper Eocene. The main factors influencing the geomorphic processes are lithology, tectonics, palaeo-climate and sea level changes. The study of several important cave systems demonstrates a complex geological history with karst processes that started in Early Tertiary and accelerated during Plio-Quaternary.
Karst Uncovered during the Bič- Korenitka Motorway Construction (Dolenjska, Slovenia)
Authors: Knez Martin , Slabe Tadej , Šebela Stanka
Published: July 2019

Na trasi avtoceste so na dnu morfoloških depresij oziroma uval med kraškimi pojavi najbolj vidni požiralniki in estavele. Pri gradbenih delih so se razkrile tudi podtalne škraplje ter jame. Izjemnih oblik so tiste, ki so nastale v dnu podolij in ki jih podtalne vode pogosto poplavijo. Imajo povsem svojevrsten, kot vemo tokrat prvič opisani skalni relief. Stare jame, skozi katere so se nekoč pretakali vodni tokovi, pričajo o znižanju gladine podzemeljske vode, ki površje dosega le v najnižjih podoljih ter o verjetnem tektonsko pogojenem členjenju kraškega površja. Dobršen del jam je zapolnjen z drobnozrnato naplavino in pod njo tudi preoblikovan. Oblikovanje špranjastih jam, ki so večinoma ob navpičnih razpokah, pa bi lahko opredelili kot podtalno. Razkrivajo se nam značilnosti plitkega in z naplavinami pokritega krasa, kjer je podzemeljska voda blizu površja. Te značilnosti bi bilo potrebno kar v največji meri upoštevati pri nadaljnjih poseganjih v kras, saj so nam na prvi pogled skrite, vsakršno poseganje v kras pa nam jih razkrije. Mnogi kraški pojavi predvsem jame, podtalne škraplje ali kamniti gozdovi so vredni, da jih zaščitimo in ohranimo. The most conspicuous karst formations uncovered at the bottom of morphologic depressions or uvalas along the motorway route include swallow holes and estavelles. Also uncovered during the construction were underground karrens and caves of exquisite shapes, situated at valley bottoms and often flooded by groundwater. They have a specific rock relief that, to the best of our knowledge, is now described for the first time. Old caves through which streams were once flowing testify to the lowering of the level of groundwater, which reaches the surface only in the lowest-lying valleys, and to probable tectonic dissection of the karst surface. A good part of the caves are filled with fine-grained sediment and have been transformed underneath it. The shaping of fissure caves, located predominantly along vertical fissures, can be defined as having occurred subterraneously. They exhibit features of a shallow, sediment-covered karst where groundwater is close to the surface. These features are not visible at first sight, but they become apparent at any encroachment on karst and should therefore be taken fully into account in any such activity in the future. Many karst formations, above all caves, underground karrens or stone forests, are worthy of protection and preservation
Gruberʼs Karst Research
Authors: Južnič Stanislav
Published: July 2019

Ob dvestoletnici smrti Gabrijela Gruberja smo opisali njegovo raziskovanje krasa, Cerkniškega jezera in reke Timav. Pojasnili smo, zakaj je številne nove Gabrijelove dosežke njegov mlajši polbrat Tobija objavil pod svojim imenom. Prvič v zgodovinopisju smo objavili popis citiranih del v Gruberjevih raziskavah krasa. Visoko smo ocenili Gruberjev opis kapnikov ter Cerkniškega jezera po analogiji s hidravličnimi stroji in Heronovim reakcijskim gorilnikom. Podrobno smo obravnavali Gruberjevo pismo o reki Timav. Obžalovanja vredni spor med Gruberjem in Hacquetom po letu 1775 smo skušali dodatno osvetliti z nasprotji pri njunem pojmovanju krasa.On the bicentennial of Gabriel Gruberʼs death his speleological and karstological research in Carniola are described. Gruber carefully studied his predecessorsʼ researches of Carniolan karst and Cerknica Lake in particular. He provided several new ideas in the joint work of Tobias Gruber and his older half brother Gabriel. For the first time in historiography Gruberʼs karstological references were discussed. The special concern was put on the Gruberʼs model of the stalactite formation where he proved his extraordinary abilities in Newtonʼs modern mathematics. Very sad stories about Gruber-Hacquet quarrels were connected with their different opinions about karst.
Primera cita de Neoscona byzanthina (Pavesi, 1876) (Araneae, Araneidae) en la Península Ibérica
Authors: Mora-Rubio Carlos , Morano Eduardo , Pérez-Bote José Luis
Published: July 2019

Se hace referencia a la primera observación de Neoscona byzanthina (Pavesi, 1876) (Araneae, Araneidae) de la Península Ibérica. El ejemplar fue capturado en octubre de 2018 en un encinar adehesado (Extremadura, España).
Pietro d’Abano, traductor de las obras astrológicas de Abraham ibn Ezra
Authors: Sela Shlomo
Published: July 2019

Desde la Edad Media hasta el presente, el desarrollo de la astrología judía ha sido asociado con Abraham ibn Ezra (ca. 1089-ca. 1161), quien compuso el primer corpus de textos astrológicos hebreos que trata los principales sistemas de la astrología greco-árabe y que otorgó amplio acceso a lectores hebreos a la astrología. Algunas de sus obras fueron conocidas por estudiosos cristianos durante su vida en el Occidente Latino y poco después de su muerte. Sin embargo, los escritos astrológicos de Abraham ibn Ezra quedaron fuera de la corriente principal de la literatura astrológica latina hasta las últimas décadas del siglo XIII. Entonces tuvo lugar un renacimiento de Abraham ibn Ezra en el Occidente Latino gracias a varios proyectos casi simultáneos de traducción de sus tratados astrológicos. El más amplio y famoso de esos proyectos fue el realizado por Pietro d’Abano, el filósofo, astrologo y profesor de medicina italiano durante su residencia en Paris (1293-1307). El principal propósito de este artículo es estudiar el contenido, estructura y los textos de origen de las traducciones latinas de Pietro d’Abano. Este artículo estudia también la correspondencia entre las traducciones latinas de Pietro d’Abano y los textos hebreos originales de Abraham ibn Ezra, las referencias de Pietro d’Abano a sus propias traducciones, y su modus operandi como traductor latino de Abraham ibn Ezra.
Novedades bibliográficas en el estudio de las ediciones de biblias sefardíes (siglo XVI)
Authors: Cohen Dov
Published: July 2019

En los últimos años se han ido descubriendo libros y ediciones desconocidos en judeoespañol, entre otros, en bibliotecas públicas, en colecciones privadas y entre los diversos materiales conservados durante siglos en la Guenizá de El Cairo. Entre los miles de fragmentos que se han acumulado en la Guenizá se han encontrado también fragmentos de ediciones de biblias sefardíes del antiguo Imperio otomano, que hasta ahora no habían sido documentados. El presente artículo señala las últimas novedades en el área de las ediciones de biblias sefardíes del siglo xvi, y presenta un inventario bibliografico actualizado de estas ediciones, a partir de los nuevos hallazgos.
Histoires de vie, subjectivités et pensée(s) féministe(s) en « Orient » du dernier quart du XIXe siècle jusqu’à l’entre-deux-guerres
Authors: Kanner Efi
Published: July 2019

Dans cet article j’essaie de relier la pensée féministe dans l’Empire Ottoman, les Balkans et ultérieurement en Turquie à la formation des subjectivités bourgeoises, depuis le dernier quart du xixe siècle jusqu’à l’entre-deux-guerres. J’examine dans quelle mesure le féminisme, en tant que critique envers l’ordre social existant, fut fondé sur la subjectivité bourgeoise émanant des Lumières et du Romantisme, outils communs de pensée de diverses populations lettrées en « Orient ». Je mets en parallèle, à cet égard, les histoires de vie de certaines intellectuelles, défenseuses des droits des femmes : Sotiria Cléoménous-Aliberti (1847-1929) et Kalliopi Kechagia (1839-1905), intellectuelles grecques actives dans l’Empire Ottoman et la Grèce, et Fatma Aliye (1862-1936), Halide Edib Adıvar (1884-1964) et Nezihe Muhittin (1889-1958), intellectuelles turques-musulmanes éminentes de l’époque. Je suis, à ce propos, les textes produits par ces femmes : leur correspondance ainsi que leur production intellectuelle – autobiographies, essais, articles, romans ou nouvelles. Leur écriture est considérée comme « narration de soi », par où elles cherchaient à gagner l’hégémonie sociale (en termes gramsciens) sur l’ensemble de la féminité nationale, voire sur l’ensemble du corps national
Biographie et autobiographie dans le Livre du Courtisan de Baldassare Castiglione
Authors: Alonge Guillaume
Published: July 2019

L’article porte sur une réflexion autour du concept de biographie collective, mis en résonnance avec un autre terme, celui de génération. Ces deux concepts peuvent être des instruments utiles à l’historien, notamment pour ce qui concerne certains moments historiques de passages. Le cas concret à partir duquel se développe la réflexion est celui de la génération du Courtisan, c’est-à-dire de ces hommes, aristocrates et gentilshommes de l’Italie du début du XVIe siècle qui furent confrontés aux drames des guerres d’Italie et à l’écroulement des petits états de la péninsule. Plusieurs de ces hommes ont été choisis par Baldassar Castiglione comme personnages de son œuvre plus connue, le Livre du Courtisan. Dans ce cas donc la conscience générationnelle des acteurs et l’autoreprésentation de la génération se fait par un texte littéraire. Un texte qui se configure comme l’expérience d’une autobiographie non seulement individuelle, mais également collective. Il est frappant de constater que le Courtisan a une très longue genèse, avec plusieurs versions, plusieurs élaborations. Ce n’est que 20 ans après avoir commencé à l’écrire que Castiglione se décide – d’ailleurs à cause de contraintes indépendantes de lui – à le publier. Il est intéressant de remarquer qu’à l’élaboration éditoriale, et ensuite à la promotion de l’œuvre dans toutes les cours d’Europe, prennent part les personnages du texte. Ces dernières décennies, l’histoire de la réception du Courtisan et l’utilisation du texte de la part des lecteurs européens d’âge moderne ont fini par cacher ce que le Courtisan signifié pour son auteur et pour les hommes de son époque : avant tout une représentation générationnelle, et un instrument politique et culturel au service d’une stratégie d’autopromotion sociale
La biographie, entre l’exemplarité unique et le paradigme représentatif : Le cas d’Aristote Kourtidis (1858-1928)
Authors: Polycandrioti Ourania
Published: July 2019

La biographie était pendant longtemps accusée d’apporter une distinction « scientifiquement absurde » entre société et individu et de se centrer sur le rôle magistral des individus au sein de l’histoire. L’intérêt porté à la biographie changea avec la fin des années 1980, selon une nouvelle conception du rapport entre individu et histoire. La biographie est désormais considérée comme la représentation critique de l’individu agissant dans le cadre de la société, et dès lors comme une approche interprétative des évènements historiques. Le cas d’un personnage comme Aristote Kourtidis (1858-1928), pédagogue de la fin du XIXe siècle et premier écrivain pour enfants en Grèce, ni assez singulier ni totalement inconnu, met donc en question le cœur du genre même. Aristote Kourtidis était un acteur social aujourd’hui plutôt oublié mais vivement apprécié par ses contemporains, qui refléta avec modération l’idéologie de la bourgeoisie montante et la transition de la société vers l’époque moderne. Son trajet biographique ne décrit point le détachement de l’individu au-dessus de la société, mais au contraire décrit la formation d’un individu « en société », c’est-à-dire en rapport avec la société. Si donc la biographie de Kourtidis ne pouvait pas être justifiée sur la base de l’exemplarité ou de l’héroïsme, le personnage, observé agissant dans son milieu social et culturel, contribue à la compréhension de l’histoire et de la société grecque de la fin du xixe siècle et du début du XXe siècle
Les origines d’un projet critique et la question du néolibéralisme : Foucault, une philosophie aux frontières
Authors: Verlengia Carolina
Published: July 2019

Le cours de 1979 au Collège de France révèle-t-il un Michel Foucault « grand adversaire » du néolibéralisme ou un philosophe séduit par ce courant de pensée ? Cette question illustre l’effort de classification dont cet auteur a toujours été la cible. Le présent article propose, néanmoins, d’envisager son travail à partir d’une tout autre perspective : plutôt que de s’insérer dans des cases fixes, c’est aux frontières – entre différentes disciplines, courants ou stratégies – qu’une telle pensée se place. En interrogeant, tout d’abord, une partie du débat actuel sur la lecture foucaldienne du néolibéralisme, nous nous intéresserons, ensuite, aux différents contextes dans lesquels le philosophe insère sa réflexion sur ce thème. Ce faisant, nous serons plus en mesure de comprendre la manière dont il construit son travail, à cette époque, sur les bases d’un véritable projet critique, ce qui nous permet de mieux saisir, in fine, les particularités de l’horizon théorique à l’intérieur duquel Foucault développe ses analyses sur le néolibéralisme.
The Role of Disaster Regulations and Insurance Regulations on the Development of Disaster Insurance Markets
Authors: Tiwari Ashu , Patro Archana , Patky Jahnavi
Published: July 2019

Recently, the climate regulations and stop-loss regulations have become a central policy parameter globally. In market-oriented economies, insurers as the biggest stakeholder-industry of natural disaster risk are facing the issue related to industry sustainability. Thus, the policy implications of natural disasters regulation on the insurance industry are enormous. Therefore, this chapter has made an effort to analyze the disaster management in the integrated framework. This integrated framework is based upon the analysis of the role of regulatory actions taken by three actors, namely, disaster regulation, insurance regulations, and firms' actions across the three stages of disaster management, namely, pre-disaster, underwriting, and post-disaster stages in G-7 economies. Based on the outcomes of the current analysis, the chapter found that there are two polar opposite integrated models (i.e., isolated best policy model in the case of Japan and spiral policy model in the case of Italy). Five models fall in between the two.
Biodiesel Companies and Institutions in Mexico
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , López Juan José Esparza
Published: July 2019

The objective of the chapter is to analyze the role of the institutions in the biodiesel industry in order to know if there is a relationship with the quality and maturity of the same with the ventures. Starting from a literary review, the framework of the current situation is identified, covering aspects related to formal institutions, laws, rules, regulatory bodies, and the theory that supports the relationship between institutions and entrepreneurship. It is thus concluded that the institutions in Mexico have increased their maturity and incentive to increase the number of producers and distributors of biodiesel, thus taking advantage of the growing market.
Precision and Reliability of the T-Scan III System
Authors: Koos, DMD Bernd
Published: July 2019

Precise analysis of occlusal contacts and occlusal force is a problem in functional diagnostics that has not yet been satisfactorily resolved, despite the fact that the deleterious consequences of an unbalanced occlusion are widespread, and can be severe. In clinical practice, the present-day analysis of the occlusion is reduced to depicting force with color-marking foils that leave ink marks upon the teeth. However, these foils only indicate the localization of contacts, but do not describe reliably the occlusal force relationships. Precise analysis that incorporates time resolution, and plots the distribution of forces within the occlusion, is not possible when employing the traditional occlusal indicator methods. A detailed occlusal force and timing analysis can only be provided by performing a computer-assisted analysis, using the T-Scan III system (Tekscan, Inc. S. Boston, MA, USA), which records changing relative occlusal force levels and real-time occlusal contact sequence data, with high definition (HD) recording sensors. The following chapter demonstrates the accuracy and reliability of this computer-based occlusal measurement method that reliably describes the time-dependent distribution of occlusal force evolution.
T-Scan 10 Recording Dynamics, System Features, and Clinician User Skills Required for T-Scan Chairside Mastery
Authors: Anselmi Robert , Kerstein, DMD Robert B.
Published: July 2019

The newly designed T-Scan 10 Computerized Occlusal Analysis system represents the state of the art in occlusal diagnosis. The reliability of the system's high definition recording sensors, the many occlusal analysis timing and force software features, and the modern-day computer hardware electronics that record occlusal function in 0.003 second real-time increments, affords a clinician unparalleled occlusal contact timing and force information, with which to predictably diagnose and treat many occlusal abnormalities. T-Scan 10 represents the culmination of 34 years of T-Scan technology innovation development. T-Scan 10 has revised desktop graphics with additional toolbar buttons that enhance T-Scan functionality and improve chairside T-Scan clinical implementation. The system's most recent important advancement, discussed in this chapter, is the melding of T-Scan digital occlusal force and timing data with digitally-scanned dental arches to overlay T-Scan data on a patient's virtual arch. This is a major system upgrade that inserts the T-Scan technology directly into the digital dentistry revolution presently arising in dental medicine. The chapter details the five useful diagnostic occlusal recordings employed when treating commonly observed occlusal problems, and lastly outlines the three learning levels of T-Scan mastery that must be accomplished for a clinician to become an effective and competent T-Scan user.
The Occlusal, Neurological, and Orthopedic Origins and Implications of the Hypersensitive Dentition
Authors: Yiannios, DDS Nick
Published: July 2019

In the dental literature, the association between the occlusion and hypersensitive teeth is poorly explained. Quantified occlusal contact force and timing parameters have been largely ignored in studies assessing hypersensitive teeth. This chapter introduces a novel occlusal concept, frictional dental hypersensitivity (FDH), after systemically simplifying the existing and often confusing terminology used in the literature to describe the variant clinical presentations of the hypersensitive dentition. Clinical evidence from combining computerized occlusal analysis and electromyography is presented linking opposing posterior tooth friction and muscular hyperactivity to FDH. This chapter will outline how occlusion, many muscular TMD symptoms, and FDH are all interrelated. Both a pilot study and a 100 subject cold ice water swish follow-up study are presented and used a numerical visual analog scale (NS/VAS) to quantify cold response dental hypersensitivity resolution observed in occlusally symptomatic patients that underwent the immediate complete anterior guidance development coronoplasty (ICAGD). This computer-guided occlusal adjustment procedure eliminated pretreatment FDH symptomatology, further supporting that dental hypersensitivity often has an occlusally-based, frictional etiology. Additionally, consideration for the orthopedic influences that may directly affect the occlusion and neurology of the system are outlined, as well as the medical concept of tooth allodynia. Furthermore, trigeminal neurological influences are compared and contrasted to autonomic sympathetic inputs in relation to the influence that they each have upon the hypersensitive dentition. Lastly, the greater auricular diagnostic nerve block is discussed, as is the influence that this nerve may have upon the hypersensitive mandibular posterior dentition.
Combining the Air Indexing Method With the T-Scan System to Detect and Quantify Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity
Authors: Coleman. DDS Thomas A.
Published: July 2019

This chapter introduces the air indexing method for detecting and quantifying cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH) as a companion to the T-Scan Occlusal Analysis System which evaluates force and timing values for occlusal contacts of teeth. This chapter will also highlight an evidence-based retrospective investigation undertaken between 1979 and 1996 that evaluated associations and/or correlations between diagnosed CDH and its resolution following occlusal adjustment. This retrospective's method described the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of the signs and/or symptoms of the common clinical finding amongst patients with CDH. Stress physics will illustrate how small occlusal contacts magnify the impact that applied occlusal contact force has on the cervical regions of teeth. This resultant cervical stress is etiologic for how non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) form and degrade tooth roots. This chapter also explains how biocorrosion from endogenous and exogenous sources produces loss of dentin's protective proteins, glycoproteins, and cementum, which add to the effects of applied occlusal force, thereby creating CDH symptoms and NCCLs. CDH appears resultant from the co-factors of occlusal forces that produce cervical stress, along with biocorrosion, that are both modified by occlusal surface friction. The air indexing method of CDH diagnosis is an objective diagnostic means to detect and quantify CDH symptoms during the formation of cervical lesions. This chapter presents the clinical benefits of melding the T-Scan Occlusal Analysis System with the Air Indexing Method when clinically assessing and treating cervical hard tissue pathologies. The clinician gains significantly more occlusal insight as opposed to using either methodology alone, when air indexing is combined with T-Scan's occlusal contact force and timing data. Lastly, this chapter introduces two case reports of how T-Scan guided occlusal adjustments can be effective at reducing CDH and prohibiting the progression of gingival recession.
Tooth Wear
Authors: Sierpińska, MD PhD Teresa
Published: July 2019

Tooth wear is considered a normal, age-dependent, physiological process that leads to the loss of enamel and dentine. However, in some cases the process is so progressive that it may be regarded as severe or pathological. The focus of this chapter is to present the consequences of tooth wear resultant from mechanical reasons, such as parafunction, excessive masticatory forces, imbalanced occlusal contacts, and hyperactive masticatory muscles. This chapter will also outline preventative strategies that can predictably reduce the progression of pathologic wear, which employ the T-Scan 8/BioEMG synchronization module. These two objective companion technologies assess the occlusion before, during, and after dental treatment, as well as predictably control the long-term stability of newly-installed fixed, implant-supported, or removable prostheses. Their synchronization correlates muscle activity level information directly to occlusal contact force and time-sequencing information, which when applied together in the wear patient, can be instrumental in tempering and eliminating pathologic occlusal wear.
Understanding Posturo-Occlusal Interrelationships by Combining Digital Occlusal and Posture Diagnostic Technologies
Authors: Girouard, DMD MS Patrick
Published: July 2019

The nature of the interrelationship between whole body posture and the quality of the dental occlusion has not yet to date been clearly documented within the dental or posture literature, as the findings of published studies within both fields have been scarce and inconclusive. The combined use of digital diagnostic occlusal and postural assessment technologies has not been widely employed in these research projects, which has mired both fields' ability to study, to understand, and to clearly ascertain how posture and dental occlusion affect each other physiologically. As such, the specific aims of this chapter are to outline how posture and dental occlusion interrelate through the stomatognathic system's afferent neural inputs into the central nervous system (CNS), which communicate important occlusal contact force distribution information, and equally as important, mandibular spatial positional information within the posture and balance regions of the brain. The concept that the dental occlusion is a capteur for posture (which in English means, a sensor of posture health), is further explored with the inclusion of three differing clinical posturo-occlusal cases, diagnosed and treated with the combined use of the T-Scan 9 computerized occlusal analysis technology, the MatScan/MobileMat foot pressure mapping technology, and the Footmat Research software version 7.10. These presented clinical cases illustrate that improved right-to-left occlusal contact force balance, and improved center of force location within the dental arches, improve a number of measurable sway parameters. Together, the implementation of the T-Scan and the MatScan exquisitely demonstrate to the clinician the significance of the physiologic interrelationship between body posture and the dental occlusion. The presented cases emphasize there exists a whole-body concept that depends upon a variety of differing systems, whereby changes in the dental occlusion produce a phenomenon of bio-functional neuro-reprogramming for the stomatognathic system and the whole body.
Complex Medical Diagnoses With an Underlying Dental Etiology
Authors: Sutter, DMD Ben A.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this chapter is to present a series of chronic pain clinical cases that were originally diagnosed by non-dental healthcare professionals, as being something other than temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Specifically, the individual patient diagnoses were Phantom Bite Syndrome (PB), Meniere's Disease (MD), Cervical Dystonia (CD), and Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN), where the prior treatments rendered to each patient that were based upon these diagnoses, were all unsuccessful. Each patient was then re-evaluated with a series of biometric occlusal measurement technologies, which included the T-Scan 9/BioEMG III synchronization module. This two-function synchronized system was utilized in the re-diagnosis of each patient, as well as during their rendered occlusal treatment, in evaluating the accuracy of the treatment results, and during each patient's post-treatment maintenance. The four patients were treated with disclusion time reduction (DTR), after which each patient's symptoms either greatly improved, or resolved completely. The observations made in this chapter are highly suggestive that TMD can present as one of these alternative diagnoses, or that TMD was their original problem condition that was misdiagnosed, absent the objective occlusal force and timing data offered by the T-Scan 9 system.
Models for Concept Derivation and Materialization in Design Management
Authors: Eilouti Buthayna Hasan
Published: July 2019

Design is a process that oscillates between visualization and materialization. Within this process, products usually start their lifecycles as abstract concepts that transmute incrementally from raw mental presentations in the inner world of their creators into physical objects in the external world. A framework and associative models for concept management, processing, formation and transformation are introduced and discussed. The framework comprises a set of major phases of concept development from primitive mental images into final materialized products. Concept derivation represents the core of the concept processing framework. Consequently, it is represented as the main nexus between knowledge abstraction and product materialization in design. Nine methods of concept generation and eight elements of concept translation into tangible design products are described and discussed. The concept generation and translation process are illustrated by examples of model implementation.
LD Based Framework to Mitigate Threats in Mobile Based Payment System
Authors: Singh Jitendra
Published: July 2019

Smartphones have deeply penetrated in modern lifestyle. Accordingly, usage has grown manifold in the area of social media, collaboration, and mobile-based payment. The security of smartphones is increasingly critical at the user end as well as at service provider's end due to the involvement of monetary payments and personal information. Despite using a smartphone for mobile payments, strong security measures have not been put into place by a majority of users, particularly those involved with electronic payments. This article is an attempt to identify threats applicable to smartphones and classify them based on a broader category of threats. Existing vulnerabilities have been explored. In the light of the digital India campaign, security preparedness among Indian users has been assessed by carrying out a survey that reveals a poor level of preparedness among mobile users. Finally, the authors have proposed a lotus diagram (LD)-based framework to mitigate threats that can negatively impact mobile-based payment. The proposed method will greatly help in strengthening security and mitigating the threats for the user.
Link Prediction Evaluation Using Palette Weisfeiler-Lehman Graph Labelling Algorithm
Authors: Devi Salam Jayachitra , Singh Buddha , Raza Haider
Published: July 2019

Link prediction is gaining interest in the community of machine learning due to its popularity in the applications such as in social networking and e-commerce. This paper aims to present the performance of link prediction using a set of predictive models. In link prediction modelling, feature extraction is a challenging issue and some simple heuristics such as common-neighbors and Katz index were commonly used. Here, palette weisfeiler-lehman graph labelling algorithms have been used, which has a few advantages such as it has order-preserving properties and provides better computational efficiency. Whereas, other feature extraction algorithms cannot preserve the order of the vertices in the subgraph, and also take more computational time. The features were extracted in two ways with the number of vertices in each subgraph, say K = 10 and K = 15. The extracted features were fitted to a range of classifiers. Further, the performance has been obtained on the basis of the area under the curve (AUC) measure. Comparative analysis of all the classifiers based on the AUC results has been presented to determine which predictive model provides better performance across all the networks. This leads to the conclusion that ADABoost, Bagging and Adaptive Logistic Regression performed well almost on all the network. Lastly, comparative analysis of 12 existing methods with three best predictive models has been done to show that link prediction with predictive models performs well across different kinds of networks.
Hydrological Drought Forecasting Using Modified Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI) and Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) in Conjunction with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
Authors: Wambua Raphael M.
Published: July 2019

Hydrological drought in upper Tana River basin adversely affects water resources. In this study, a hydrological drought was forecasted using a Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI), a Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) and an Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The best SWSI involved combinations of rainfall and the index values integrated into ANNs. The best forecasts with SDI entailed composite functions of rainfall, stream flow and SDI. Different ANN models for both SWSI and SDI with lead times of 1 to 24 months were tested at hydrometric stations. Results show that the forecasting ability of all the networks decreased with the increase in lead-time. The best ANNs with specific architecture performed differently based on forecasting lead-time. SWSI drought forecasts were better than those of the SDI for all lead-times. The SWSI and SDI depicted R values of 0.752 and 0.732 for station 4AB05 for one-month lead-time. The findings are useful as an effective hydrological-drought early warning for viable mitigation and preparedness approaches to minimize the negative effects of drought.
Dynamic-Based Clustering for Replica Placement in Data Grids
Authors: Jbali Rahma Souli , Hidri Minyar Sassi , Ben-Ayed Rahma
Published: July 2019

Data grids allow the placing of data based on two major challenges: placement of a large mass of data and job scheduling. This strategy proposes that each one is built on the other one in order to offer a high availability of storage spaces. The aim is to reduce access latencies and give improved usage of resources such as network, bandwidth, storage, and computing power. The choice of combining the two strategies in a dynamic replica placement and job scheduling, called ClusOptimizer, while using MapReduce-driven clustering to place a replica seems to be an appropriate answer to the needs since it allows us to distribute the data over all the machines of the platform. Herein, major factors which are mean job execution time, use of storage resources, and the number of active sites, can influence the efficiency. Then, a comparative study between strategies is performed to show the importance of the solution in replica placement according to jobs' frequency and the database's size in the case of biological data.
Recovery of Precious Metals from Discarded Mobile Phones by Thiourea Leaching
Authors: Chang Siu Hua , Abdul Halim Siti Fatimah
Published: July 2019

The objective of this work was to recover gold and silver from the printed circuit board (PCB) of discarded mobile phones by thiourea leaching. Effects of thiourea concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time, and ferric ion (Fe3+) concentration on the recovery of gold and silver were investigated. The PCB was pretreated physically to reduce the thiourea consumption and enhance the leaching process. It was found that the percentage of gold leaching was higher than that of silver at different conditions studied. The highest percentages of gold (96%) and silver (90%) leachings were achieved with 20 g/L of thiourea and 8 vol% of Fe3+ at 4 h of leaching time and 25°C of leaching temperature.
Electrocatalytic Study of Low-Cost Bimetallic Cobalt/Iron Catalyst on Carbon for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor in Human Urine
Authors: Janyasupab Metini , Liu Chen Wei
Published: July 2019

This study investigated an electrocatalytic behavior of non-enzymatic glucose detection in urine by using low-cost non-precious metal CoFe catalyst on carbon (C) supported. The bimetal catalyst was prepared by the reduction of oleic acid and loaded 10% wt. metal onto the activated carbon. Due to the synergistic effect, CoFe exhibited its intrinsic electrocatalytic property, suitable for the chemisorption of glucose molecule and the d-electron of metal. For morphology and elemental composition, CoFe/C was characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), exhibiting Co (111) and Fe2O3(104) with the nanocluster average diameter of 25 nm. More importantly, electrocatalytic behaviors of CoFe/C were assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) on the glassy carbon rotating disk electrode for glucose detection (0-3 mM) in modified artificial urine (mAUM), and human urine specimens. In particular, excellent sensitivities from the lower range of glucose level (< 1 mM) and the higher level by DPV in mAUM were estimated to be 318.42 and 82.20 μA.cm-2.mM-1 with the correlation coefficient (R2) values of 0.90 and 0.94, respectively. Furthermore, the as-prepared CoFe/C biosensor also demonstrated practical measurement in human urine sample with the sensitivity of 59.72 μA.cm-2.mM-1 (R2 = 0.99) without any electron facilitators (e.g. sodium hydroxide), thereby providing a promising cost-effective catalyst design for future technology of non-enzymatic glucose sensing applications in urine.
Strong Hole Self-Doping in LaMnO3 Thin Film on a-SiO2 Substrate Produced by Metal Organic Decomposition Method
Authors: Kobori Hiromi , Kitamura Tohru , Taniguchi Toshifumi , Shimizu Tetsuo
Published: July 2019

We have studied the strong hole self-doping into LaMnO3(LMO) thin films produced by metal organic decomposition (MOD) method. With different heat treatment conditions, LMO thin films have been prepared by the MOD method in the 100 % O2gas atmosphere. We consider that the excess of O2-ions in LMO thin films induces the strong hole self-doping into LMO ones. The quantity of excess O2-ions in LMO is sensitive to the heat treatment conditions of the LMO production, especially the temperature, time and atmosphere gas. Although LMO single crystal is an antiferromagnetic insulator, LMO thin films we have produced in the 100 % O2gas atmosphere by use of the MOD method shows the properties of ferromagnetic metal.
On the Development of a Space Satellite Mirror with Intrinsic Self-Healing Properties
Authors: Vintilă Ionuț Sebastian , Condruz Mihaela Raluca , Sandu Constantin , Serbescu Horatiu
Published: July 2019

In the aerospace industry the demand for very strong and light components is a permanent objective and for this matter composite materials began to be used at large scales in construction of space structures. The presence of micrometeoroids and orbital debris in space, particularly in the lower earth orbit, presents a continuous hazard to orbiting satellites, spacecraft, and the International Space Station. Among the 8700 objects larger than 10 cm in Earth Orbits, only about 6% are operational satellites and the remainder is space debris. Likewise, a major challenge for space missions is the material selection due to the fact that in space materials present a higher degradation rate and they are subjected to wear and structural damage, especially when facing extreme environmental conditions. In this paper, a self-healing concept embedded into a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite parabolic satellite mirror is under development at COMOTI Research & Development Institute for Gas Turbines. The goal of the research is to provide a material that increases the operational life of satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The work addresses two different but interconnected fields, material science for developing a multifunctional composite material having an embedded self-healing system and aerospace field for developing a new, lightweight structure. The self-healing system under study consists in a blend of microcapsules containing variations of dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) monomers, 5-Vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB), 5-Ethylidene-2-norbornene (5E2N or ENB) and ethylene glycol dicyclopentenyl ether methacrylate (EGDP).
Piezoelectric Based Lamb Waves Generation and Propagation in Orthotropic CFRP Plates: I. Influence of Material Damping
Authors: Shevtsova Maria , Kirillova Evgenia , Rozhkov Eugeny , Chebanenko Valery , Shevtsov Sergey , Wu Jiing Kae , Chang Shun Hsyung
Published: July 2019

The article investigates the Lamb wave generation by the surface bonded circular actuator and wave propagation within the orthotropic Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) plate considering the anisotropy of the material elastic and damping properties. The first part of our investigation includes experimental determination of the elastic properties of CFRP, the wave attenuation, determination of the waves type that can be excited in the studied CFRP panel using a given frequency range. The model of anisotropic material damping has been proposed, which was further used in the Finite Element (FE) implementation of transient wave generation, propagation and attenuation that is present in the second part of the reported study. The proposed results can be used at the design of SHM for the composite structures with the structural anisotropy and damping, and for making a reasonable choice of the frequency and amplitude of excitation to provide the desired propagation distance and orientation of generated waves.
Preparation, Structure, Optical and Morphological Properties of Co, Ga2O3 Co-Doped ZnS/Se
Authors: Pan Yong , Wang Li , Gao Dong Wen , Li Shu Feng , Han Xiao Wei
Published: July 2019

The material of doping transition metal (TM) in chalcogenide compound such as ZnS and ZnSe can be used in sensors, nonlinear optics, optical thin-films and mid-infrared area because of their faster optical response time, wider transparency range of mid-infrared and higher mid-infrared transmittance, low optical loss and phonon energy. In this paper, the ceramic targets of (ZnS/Se)0.4(Co)x(Ga2O3)0.6-x(x=0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) were prepared by high temperature solid state reaction. The mass loss rate, shrinkage rate and molar ration were calculated. XRD, absorption spectrum and AFM&OM were investigated. All of the results are shown that the optimum doping concentration is (ZnS/Se)0.4(Co)0.5(Ga2O3)0.1(namely x=0.5), and the optimum intering temperature are in the range 1000~1200°C. Besides, the zinc-blende structure on ceramics targets was confirmed by XRD. A broad application range from VIS to Mid-infrared was suggested by absorption spectra. The optimal base material ZnSe was proved by AFM and OM. All these results indicate that bulks of (ZnS/Se)0.4(Co)x(Ga2O3)0.6-xare most promising materials in future