bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traduire les études postcoloniales en France
Authors: Collier Anne-Claire
Published: March 2019

Dans cet article, nous souhaiterions revenir sur la traduction des études postcoloniales en France au milieu des années 2005 afin d’explorer les frontières qui peuvent exister entre traducteur et monde académique. Il s’agira d’articuler un certain nombre de questions comme qui sont les traducteurs de ces théories ? Comment le traducteur doit-il répondre à des injonctions contradictoires avec d’un côté la rentabilité économique demandée par l’éditeur et d’un autre côté à une exigence intellectuelle forte ? Quelle est la place du traducteur dans le cadre de la production des savoirs et comment cette place est-elle perçue dans le monde académique ? En effet, dans le cadre de la théorie postcoloniale, les traducteurs ont dû retraduire des concepts philosophiques en français déclenchant souvent les critiques du monde académique. Nous avons identifié deux espaces principaux de la traduction de ces théories : Payot et Amsterdam, deux maisons d’éditions jouant un rôle différent dans l’espace français de l’édition. En s’appuyant sur des entretiens menés auprès des éditeurs et des traducteurs, ainsi que sur les recensions des ouvrages traduits, cet article souhaite donc, à partir de la position du traducteur, interroger la réception des études postcoloniales en France au milieu des années 2000.
Les anecdotes du suttisme- image d’une altérité féminine ambiguë
Authors: Vijayan Devika
Published: March 2019

Quand on parle de l’image de l’Inde ou de l’Indien dans les récits de voyage vers les Indes orientales, on avance souvent cette hypothèse qu’en dépit des progrès des connaissances, la persistance de l’imaginaire définit à toutes les périodes de l’histoire les relations entre l’Inde et le monde occidental. L’Inde n’a donc jamais été découverte comme l’a été l’Amérique par Christophe Colomb en 1492. C’est un pays qui, comme l’affirme Catherine Weinberger-Thomas, a été construit et reconstruit « par le processus de la mémorisation de certains stéréotypes ». Une de ces pratiques qui ne cessait d’étonner le public européen et que l’on qualifiait d’« horribles spectacles » ou encore de « coutume barbare » est celle de l’immolation des veuves hindoues sur le bûcher de leurs maris. Certains chercheurs, comme Pompa Banerjee, pensent que les voyageurs utilisent les récits anecdotiques sur ce rite comme tremplin pour promouvoir leurs idées sur une altérité religieuse barbare. Dans cet article nous remettons en cause cette affirmation en examinant le cas spécifique des voyageurs français aux Indes orientales aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. En analysant les récits anecdotiques, nous démontrerons que cette pratique met plutôt en scène un discours sur une altérité féminine fracturée, ce qui est largement symptomatique de l’image ambiguë de la femme occidentale et orientale durant l’Ancien Régime.
Écriture à quatre mains : le cas de François Pyrard de Laval et Jean Thévenot
Authors: Vijayan Devika
Published: March 2019

La rédaction des relations de voyage confère un nouveau statut au voyageur, celui de l’écrivain. Cette conception nouvelle met au jour une opposition entre l’écrivain-voyageur et le voyageur-écrivain. À l’un reviendrait les compétences de l’écriture, une vision de l’ailleurs qui s’offre par la médiation de l’artifice littéraire. L’autre note souvent ses perceptions immédiates dans un style simple. Mais que dire des voyageurs qui ne savent ni lire ni écrire? L’étude de Grégoire Holtz démontre que la période « entre le Moyen-Âge jusqu’à la fin du XVIIe siècle, est une période particulièrement fertile pour la composition des récits de voyage à quatre mains » (Holtz 300). Nous analyserons le cas spécifique de François Pyrard de Laval et celui de Jean Thévenot, deux voyageurs qui s’embarquent vers les Indes orientales au XVIIe siècle. Pyrard est natif d’une famille de marchands de Laval et il est à la limite de l’analphabétisme. Jean Thévenot, quant à lui, est bien éduqué, mais comme il est mort sur le chemin de retour, c’est son frère qui achève la deuxième partie de ses Voyages. Quelles qu’en soient les raisons, l’appel à un rédacteur pour écrire le voyage semble très répandu et la grande constante de cette forme d’écriture est l’effacement du rédacteur derrière la figure du voyageur. Nous examinerons le rôle de ces deux copistes : Pierre Bergeron et Bonaventure Thévenot. S’agit-il de simples scribes ou bien des rédacteurs qui ont profondément modifié le récit du voyageur pour satisfaire aux attentes du public?
L’Asie dans les écrits de la fin du XVIIIe siècle : Jean Potocki
Authors: Rabsztyn Andrzej
Published: March 2019

« Les détours dorées de Moscou se perdent dans un lointain bleuâtre. Adieu, Europe livrée aux troubles ! je vais me reposer dans la tranquille et paisible Asie », – écrit Jean Potocki au début de son voyage au Caucase, en 1797. Cependant, l’aventure « asiatique » de l’auteur du Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse commence bien avant, c’est-à-dire en 1784, quand il part pour la Turquie. Or, l’image passée à la postérité de cet « homme des Lumières » : un ethnologue incontournable de l’époque et l’auteur polonais d’expression française, est celle d’un « écrivain voyageur » ayant sillonné sans désemparer les routes de l’Orient.Tributaire des travaux de François Rosset, cette contribution se propose d’analyser le rapport de Potocki à l’Asie. Si le voyage en Turquie l’invite à décrire la douceur des ses mœurs tout en renonçant à la réflexion sur le « despotisme oriental », l’expédition dans le Caucase et plus tard celle en Chine cherchent à tracer la piste de la future expansion russe. Dans sa découverte de l’Asie, Potocki voit le berceau de toutes les civilisations. La description des autochtones (Ossètes, Nogaï ou Tourkmènes) est complétée par les dessins de l’auteur, et le souvenir des « figures chinoises » peintes par Watteau se manifeste dès le début de ses relations de voyages. Tout ce qu’il note sur les peuples aujourd’hui sédentarisés des steppes russes ou des contreforts du Caucase, Kalmouks, Tchétchènes, etc., constitue un document d’époque irremplaçable.
Monstruosités et esthétiques du chaos dans les dramaturgies contemporaines africaines
Authors: Ngilla Sylvie
Published: March 2019

Cet article s’intéresse à la mise en relation entre l’analyse des mises en écriture du monstre et de la monstruosité et la problématique identitaire dans les dramaturgies contemporaines de la diaspora africaine. Une nouvelle génération de dramaturges africains soucieuse d’affirmer une identité fragmentée libérée de toutes formes de carcans développe des esthétiques du chaos qui dévoilent la monstruosité au sein de l’écriture.
Aller vers la dissolution : hybridité, ambivalence et monstruosité chez l’écrivaine mauricienne Ananda Devi
Authors: Arnold Markus
Published: March 2019

La romancière mauricienne Ananda Devi contribue avec son esthétique singulière du « para-naturel » à l’éclatement des imaginaires, à la redéfinition identitaire et au renouveau postcolonial dans la littérature de l’océan Indien. Si son univers fictionnel avec ses étranges intrigues et ses figures hybrides, ‘anormales’ et monstrueuses s’avère souvent hermétique pour le lecteur, s’en dégagent des réflexions puissantes sur les complexités sociales, éthiques et artistiques du monde contemporain. Le présent article propose une discussion critique du travail de Devi et une analyse de son roman La vie de Joséphin le fou (2003) pour interroger la signification multiple de ces représentations déréalisées originales et de ses principaux tropes.
Inquiry based learning and technology, negative or positive?
Authors: Medeiros Rebecca
Published: March 2019

In this research paper, the conflicts with the implementation of inquiry based learning and digital technology into an elementary school setting are explored. They are investigated under the grounds of an inquiry-based research study conducted mainly through online surveys. This survey was important because there were two deployed: one to current teachers and one to future teachers. The aim was to discover what conflicts teachers were having with inquiry based learning and whether or not technology was a negative or a positive attribute with the implementation of inquiry based learning (IBL). Also, I wanted to discover what future educators think about their future teaching roles and whether or not they will use digital technologies to help with IBL in the classroom. The participants were Mount Royal University Education students as well as K-9 teachers and staff throughout several schools in Calgary, Alberta.  Analysis from the surveys and written responses will document the practicing teacher and future teacher perspectives on inquiry based learning through digital technologies.
Technology and disabilities: Why it can help and hinder learning
Authors: Elzinga Holly
Published: March 2019

Technology is a common occurrence in almost every elementary classroom today. In this research study, I am going to be discussing how technology can have both a positive and negative effect on students who have disabilities. My research methods included conducting an online survey and two interviews with parents and teachers. Through my research, I found that there are many concerns with how technology is used in the classroom, but for the most part it ends in a positive outcome for the students. However, there is always room for improvement when using digital technologies, and my research demonstrates that it takes cooperation between the parents and the teachers for technology to truly be successful for an elementary student. As a teacher candidate, my findings have shown how important technology is to elementary students, and how, when used in an appropriate manner, technology can be an incredible tool for students with disabilities to use.
The relationship between student engagement, teacher proficiency, and technology
Authors: Moore Kristen
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this research project was to see if there are any connections between student engagement and teacher proficiency when digital technology is being used in the elementary classroom. In order to determine if such a connection does exist, scholarly articles were reviewed and an online survey of students in the Bachelor of Education Program was conducted. Through scholarly review, it was determined that there is a direct connection between the proficiency of the teacher using the digital technology and the engagement of the students in the learning activity. If the teacher is highly proficient, then students are more likely to be engaged in the lesson. Through the online survey, teacher candidates answered questions about their own proficiency levels with specific digital technologies. From the findings of this project, it can be concluded that teacher proficiency is very important when it comes to engaging students through the use of digital technologies in the classroom. Professional development in this area would be useful for both teacher candidates and practicing teachers, as the use of digital technology in the elementary classroom is increasing.
Using technology to engage students in outdoor education: Does it inhibit or benefit the students’ experience?
Authors: Drader Ranee
Published: March 2019

In this paper, the benefits and drawbacks of incorporating technology into outdoor education are discussed. The data was collected during an inquiry based project for an educational technology course. This research is important because of the growing epidemic of children staying indoors with their technology rather than going and enjoying outside. There always seems to be a divide between outdoor education, or being outdoors in general, and modern technology. However, by using modern technology students may be engaged and drawn into outdoor education. Therefore, incorporating technology into outdoor education may be something to consider. This study analyzed the possible effects on students of incorporating technology into an experiential learning opportunity of being outdoors. The participants of this study were predominantly Education students at Mount Royal University, Education faculty members, as well as people from other occupational backgrounds who felt strongly about outdoor education.
Identifying factors related to the prevalence of technological misuse among elementary students
Authors: Brazeau Kate
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is to reveal the imperatives of introducing effective technology studies and digital citizenship skills in our elementary classrooms. Perspectives from current and future elementary teachers are combined with recent research to analyze student awareness and exposure to common social media dangers such as cyber-bullying, low self-esteem, and gaming violence. This study is important because it sheds light on the average age of exposure to social media among elementary students, demonstrating the gap between educational instruction and student preparation to participate safely in a digital world. Negative technology use is examined in relation to child development and peer relationships, providing insight for emerging teachers on their role in actively engaging Net Generation learners.
Digital technology: Supporting the language and literacy development of ELLs
Authors: Stahl Julianne
Published: March 2019

This paper examines the use of digital technologies in the elementary classroom to support the language and literacy development of English language learners (ELLs). My research took place in Calgary, Alberta and included undergraduate students and a university based researcher. A Google Forms survey and an online interview was used to collect data. The results indicated that technology can be helpful to elementary teachers in supporting the language and literacy development of ELLs because it helps motivate and engage students. Teachers should be cognizant of the disadvantages that arise when using technology in the classroom to support ELLs. These concerns include the possibility that ELLs will become too dependent on technology and their social skills will be at risk with too much technology use. Being conscious of the disadvantages of technology use can inform teaching practices.
Traditional or technology: A new twist to learning mathematics
Authors: Yogesparan Luxmy
Published: March 2019

Technology is now heavily being used in the classrooms of many schools and they are now finding their way into the lessons plans of many educators. My research manuscript examines the following question, “Integrating technology in Mathematics allows students to have many engaging virtual experiences. But can this lead to students preferring the virtual experience than the authentic hands on (live) experience?” I used Google forms to create a survey and gather information about my topic. I received many mixed responses regarding my topic in study. Overall the participants in my survey believed that technology can have a positive role in a student's learning if used appropriately, and that as educators it is important that we find a balance between using technology and traditional methods in our teaching. This research project has helped me identify as a teacher what methods I would like to use and this assignment has given me an opportunity to reflect back on my teaching philosophy.
Creativity inspires exploration
Authors: Bryant Shelby
Published: March 2019

In today’s society there is a growing problem around students and their hatred towards math. This research explored the various ways of how to make the math classroom a creative and engaging place for students. For this research, the guiding question was “How can teachers use technology in a creative enough way to make students more interested in the subject of mathematics?” The final findings for this research were slightly different than expected. When conducting the research for this project it was done through a Google Forms survey and through an interview with an expert (see Appendix A). Many of the people who responded to the survey had not experienced technology when studying math before. The survey results regarding the question if teachers should use more technology when teaching math was mainly positive. This research project will help me in my future math classroom to foster a love for math. Too many children develop a great hatred toward the subject of math and I would like to help contribute to the change of this growing problem and this research will help guide me.
Studi Pelacakan (Tracer Study) Kinerja Lulusan Program Pascasarjana Magister Ilmu Ekonomi (MIE) Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Mataram
Authors: Santoso Budi , Mahmudi Hadi , Basuki Prayitno
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji: a) Kondisi Proses belajar mengajar  dan manajemen internal di Prodi MIE UNRAM. b) Kebutuhan soft dan hard skills lulusan/ alumni Prodi  MIE UNRAM. c) Penilaian pengguna terhadap kinerja lulusan Prodi MIE UNRAM. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terhadap sebelas orang responden alumni Prodi MIE UNRAM yang tersebar di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Alumni menyatakan pentingnya pengalaman magang, penekanan besar terhadap aspek peragaan atau demontrasi materi perkuliahan, dan pembimbingan akademik bernilai besar dalam proses pembelajaran. Sedangkan soft dan hard skills yang mereka butuhkan adalah kemampuan mengkomunikasikan hasil penelitian, dan gagasan mereka dengan dunia praktik. Didapati pula bahwa responden alumni sangat mampu bersaing dengan alumni perguruan tinggi lain baik dalam memperoleh pekerjaan maupun dalam penyelesaian pekerjaan di organisasi mereka.
ALOKASI PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA TENAGA KERJA WANITA YANG BERMIGRASI KE LUAR NEGERI DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Fadliyanti Luluk , Rois Ihsan , Mulawiani Baiq Saripta Wiji
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis alokasi pendapatan tenaga kerja wanita yang berasal dari kabupaten Lombok Timur yang bermigrasi ke luar negeri, serta melihat faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pengeluaran pendapatan keluarga tenaga kerja wanita migran tersebut. Metode  penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan alat analisis Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). Hasilnya bahwa alokasi pengeluaran rumah tangga tenaga kerja wanita migran paling tinggi adalah untuk pengeluaran makanan yang dipengaruhi oleh jumlah anak usia 6-18 tahun dan jumlah anak usia 0-5 tahun. Selanjutnya diikuti oleh pengeluaran kebutuhan rumah tangga lainnya yang dipengaruhi oleh jumlah tanggungan keluarga dan jumlah anak usia 0-5 tahun,  pengeluaran pendidikan dipengaruhi oleh jumlah anak usia 6-18 tahun dan pengeluaran kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh jumlah anak usia 0-5 tahun.
O impacto da audiência de custódia na atuação da Polícia Militar
Authors: Tomaz Thais De Lima , Teixeira Canedo Paula Fernandes
Published: March 2019

O presente artigo buscou identificar quais os reais impactos ocasionados pelas audiências de custódia na Segurança Pública do Estado de Goiás, bem como demostrar dados estatísticos das decisões tomadas pelo magistrado em tais audiências. Estes dados foram levantados através de pesquisa realizada junto a 7ª vara criminal de Goiânia responsável por realizar as audiências na capital, bem como junto ao Observatório de Segurança pública do Estado de Goiás. Constatou-se que cerca de 55% das prisões em flagrante realizadas no primeiro trimestre de 2018 foram convertidas em liberdade provisória. Esse fator por vezes geram a desmotivação dos policiais que lidam diariamente com a criminalidade, além disso é importante destacar que há uma política de desencarceramento, onde devido à falta de estrutura no sistema prisional brasileiro por vezes busca-se desagravar a situação atual dos presídios. Foi possível analisar que em curto lapso temporal há um alto índice de prisões em flagrante e constatar características, perfil e demais aspectos acerca das audiências. A pesquisa demonstra-se importante, uma vez que evidencia as peculiaridades do instituto e os desfechos das decisões dos magistrados. É importante discutir o assunto, pois reflete diretamente na segurança pública mais especificamente na Polícia Militar do Estado de Goiás que além de outras instituições atua em conjunto com o poder judiciário.
Activated Bentonite for Removal Nickle and Vanadium from Petroleum Distillates
Authors: Mahmood Luma Hussein
Published: March 2019

The present work is to investigate the feasibility of removal vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) from Iraqi heavy gas oil using activated bentonite. Different operating parameters such as the degree of bentonite activation, activated bentonite loading, and operating time was investigated on the effect of heavy metal removal efficiency. Experimental results of adsorption test show that Langmuir isotherm predicts well the experimental data and the maximum bentonite uptake of vanadium was 30 mg/g. The bentonite activated with 50 wt% H2SO4 shows a (75%) removal for both Ni and V. Results indicated that within approximately 5 hrs, the vanadium removal efficiencies were 33, 45, and 60% at vanadium loadings of 10, 30, and 40 ppm respectively. Further processing of heavy gas oil with 10 ppm vanadium shows a continuous slight increase in metal removal with operating time. At 10, 20, 40, and 50 hrs the removal efficiency was 68, 75, 78 and 78% respectively. Results indicated that an equilibrium concentration of the 10 ppm of vanadium was attained after 30 hrs while for Nickel at a loading of 4 and 7 ppm the equilibrium achieved after 40 hrs. Results depicted that activated bentonite has higher selectivity towards Vanadium. Results depict that activated bentonite (ACB) has a remarkable capacity for removal of (V) and (Ni) from heavy gas oil.
Open Access là tương lai của khoa học
Authors: hoang hanh , Ho Toan Manh
Published: March 2019

Open Access là tương lai của khoa học. Published in SciCom SSHPA: https://sc.sshpa.com/post/4414.
PERKAWINAN TOANI TOLOTANG DI KABUPATEN SIDRAP
Authors: Meiyani Eliza
Published: March 2019

ABSTRAKSuatu keadaan yang tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa semua makhluk di dunia diciptakan dalam rupa dan wujud yang berlainan. Bahkan manusia sendiri sebagai makhluk yang tinggi kedudukannya di antara makhluk lainnya berada dalam kondisi yang berlainan pula. Dan dalam meniti kehidupannya menggunakan earn dan pola tingkah laku yang berbeda-beda pula.Manusia sebagai makhluk sosial tidak dapat berdiri sendiri. Din selamanya akan berhubungan dengan sesamanya, dan hubungan manusia dengan sesamanya dijembatani oleh pola kebudayaan. Dalam setiap kebudayaan terkandung norma-norma dan nilai-nilai kehidupan yang menjadi pedoman bagi setiap warga masyarakat dalam tata pergaulannya.Salah satu produk budaya masa lampau yang hingga kini masih diselenggarakan adalah upacara perkawinan yang merupakan salah satu bagian kehidupan manusia yang sangat penting demi kelangsungan riwayat keturunannya.
What Makes Moral Disgust Special? An Integrative Functional Review
Authors: Giner-Sorolla Roger , Kupfer Tom , Sabo John Sandor
Published: March 2019

The role of disgust in moral psychology has been a matter of much controversy and experimentation over the past 20 or so years. We present here an integrative look at the literature, with a focus on experimental work in our lab that has shown differences between elicitors of disgust and anger in moral contexts, with disgust responding more to bodily-moral violations such as incest, and anger responding more to socio-moral violations such as theft. At the same time, new evidence suggests explanations for the sometimes-observed phenomenon of socio-moral disgust: it can react to perceptions of bad character in a person, or it might be a mere expressive strategy to impress others with your own good character. We review other literatures for moral relevance, such as the effects of incidental disgust, existential disgust, and individual differences in disgust. Evidence is currently scarce to clarify whether all forms of moral disgust are the same phenomenon as non-moral disgust, or whether perhaps it is an expressive mask layered on some other emotion. However, it is apparent that bodily-moral disgust has more in common with basic forms of disgust, than do other disgust reactions to moral wrongs. Within the scope of the literature, there is evidence that all four functions of Giner-Sorolla’s (2012) integrative functional theory of emotion (IFT) may be operating, and that their conflicts can help explain some of the paradoxes of disgust.
Bring publics back into networked public relations research: A dual-projection approach for network ecology
Authors: Zhou Alvin
Published: March 2019

This essay critiques the absence of publics in networked public relations research, and proposes the dual-projection approach as a solution to simplify and analyze the multi-mode public relations network ecology (Yang & Taylor, 2015). Compared to most previous studies that employ organization-centric networks where ties stand for hyperlinks, collaborations, or coalitions, the new approach projects organization-public relationships and public-public relationships onto interorganizational ties. By doing so, it 1) brings publics back into networked public relations research; 2) presents organizations and publics—the two most important subjects of public relations research—equally in the same network, 3) drives literature further away from a dyadic view of relationship management, and 4) constitutes one of the first techniques that can analyze direct and timely consequences of organization-public relationships in the network ecology. To demonstrate the new approach, the network of publics overlap is introduced and applied to US-based LGBTQ advocacy groups. The essay also discusses the theoretical inquiries needed to further dual-projection networks, and invites scholars to create novel ways to incorporate publics into their network studies using dual projection.
Opportunities to sit and stand trigger equivalent reward-related brain activity
Authors: Cheval Boris , Boisgontier Matthieu P , Bacelar Mariane , Feiss Robyn , Miller Matthew W
Published: March 2019

A recent theory contends that behaviors minimizing energetic cost are rewarding (Cheval et al., 2018). However, direct experimental evidence supporting this theory is lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the effect of energy expenditure on reward-related brain activity. Thirty-one participants were equipped with an electroencephalography (EEG) cap and performed a monetary incentive delay task. After attempting to quickly respond to a target, participants were given feedback instructing them to retrieve a token (reward condition) or to wait (no reward condition). In half of the rewarding trials, participants stood up to retrieve a token, thereby increasing energy expenditure. In the other half, participants just had to extend their arm to retrieve a token, thereby minimizing energy expenditure. The contingent negative variation (CNV) event-related potential (ERP) component preceding the motor response was used as an indicator of reward pursuit. The reward positivity (RewP) ERP component time-locked to feedback onset was used to determine reward valuation. Results showed that response time, CNV, and RewP were not influenced by energy expenditure (remaining seated vs. standing up). This null effect of conditions was confirmed using equivalence tests. These results do not support the theory of energetic cost minimization but the equivalent effect of sitting and standing on reward-related brain activity is new knowledge that could contribute to shed light on the neural processes underlying the pandemic of physical inactivity.
The Spectrum of Biopsy-Proved Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Single Center Study in Erbil-Iraq
Authors: Al-Imam Ahmed , Ali Mudhafar Abdullah , Al-Mukhtar Safa Ezzaddin
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND
Renal biopsy is crucial to determine the pattern of the different types of renal diseases. It represents the gold standard of diagnostics for renal pathologies, including glomerular diseases, and it has an important value for the prognosis, monitoring disease progression, and planning the management protocol.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE
To report the frequency of different pathological lesions affecting the kidney in patients who were admitted to our medical centre.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a retrospective study of all patients with renal diseases who underwent percutaneous renal biopsy at the Erbil Kidney Centre for eight years  (1st of January 2010  to 31st of December 2017). A total of 893 cases were biopsied and subsequently studied via histopathological examination and immunofluorescence microscopy. The study is ethically permitted by the Kurdistan Board for Medical Specialization.
RESULTS
The average age of the patients was 30.9 years. The most common clinical indication for biopsy included nephrotic syndrome (46.47%), acute renal failure (19.04%), chronic renal failure (15.34%), nephritic syndrome (7.39%), proteinuria alone (7.28%), and hematuria alone (4.48%). In patients with a primary glomerular disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and minimal change disease were the most frequent (27.44% and 16.01%) in the younger patients (18.61±13.47 years), while membranous glomerulonephritis was more common in older patients (38.94±13.69 years). Patients with a secondary glomerular disease were mainly diagnosed with lupus nephritis, amyloidosis, and diabetic nephropathy.
CONCLUSION
The epitome of our study signifies that the spectrum of glomerular diseases varies based on age, sex, ethnicity, and geographical distribution. The implementation of renal biopsy proved to be a cornerstone in reaching the correct diagnosis. Future studies should implement the use of electron microscopy in conjunction with classical techniques of histopathology and immunofluorescence microscopy to diagnose equivocal cases of interest.
Profile of Obstetric and Iatrogenic Fistula Surgeries at Kathmandu Model Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Ranjana , Karki Aruna , Dangal Ganesh , Pradhan Hema , Bhattachan Kabin , Poudel Rekha , Bajracharya Nishma , Tiwari Kenusha Devi
Published: March 2019

Aims: Vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) is an abnormal fistulous communication between the bladder and/or urethra and the vagina that allows continuous involuntary discharge of urine into the vaginal vault affecting patients’ medical, physical, mental, social and sexual life. The aim of this study was to review and deliver a profile, their demography and outcome in the early phase of fistula surgery performed in our institute.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of 222 patients who underwent fistula surgery during the period of January 2012 to March 2018 in Kathmandu Model Hospital. The fistula were classified according to Goh`s system.  Patients’ demography, obstetric characteristics and fistula repair outcomes were reviewed. The primary outcome was in terms of urinary continence.
Results: A total of 222 women aged between 10 to 65 years with a mean age of 31.4 were included. Majority of the patients had fistula due to obstetrical cause, contributing 58% (n=127) and in 42 % (n=95) of patients had fistula of gynecological etiology. Most of the patients had fistula of type 1a, contributing 38% (n=84) and only 0.01% (n=3) of type 3c and 4b according to Goh’s classification. Among 127 fistulas repaired of obstetric etiology100 (78.7%) patients and 85 (89.4%) out of 95 fistula patients of gynecological cause were continent and dry.
Conclusions:  Our study showed obstructed and prolonged labor was the major cause of obstetric fistula, however iatrogenic fistula was also becoming common. Majority of our cases had successful outcome with some degree of stress in some patients.
Success Rate of Urogenital Fistula Repair and Predictors of Success-An Audit of Ten Years Data
Authors: Tasnim Nasira , Bangash Kauser , Amin Oreekah , Batool Afshan , Javed Nosheela
Published: March 2019

Aims: To evaluate the association of various predictive factors with the outcome of surgical repair of vesicovaginal fistula.
Methods: The retrospective analysis was conducted at Maternal and Child Health, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, and it comprised data related to patients having undergone vesicovaginal fistula repair from January 2008 to June 2018. Statistical analysis of the record was done using SPSS 21 software.
Results: A total of 364 patients of urogenital fistula repair were reviewed, with an overall success in 318 (87.4%) cases. There were no significant differences in fistula duration (p0.4), size of fistula (p 0.34) and accessibility (p0.5) between successful and unsuccessful group. However, we found the association between the type of fistula and history of previous repair attempts with the success of fistula repair. Primary surgical repair of vesicovaginal (90.0%), vesicouterine (86%), ureteric (100%) and ureterovaginal (98%) were more successful as compared to repair with the history of 1 previous attempt (90.3%, 83.3%, 66.6% and 75% respectively). Success rate was found to further decrease with the history of more than one repair attempt of vesicovaginal (71.4%) and vesicouterine (66.5%) fistula. Further, successful fistula repair in women was also found to be significantly associated with parity less than 4 (p 0.038).
Conclusion: Despite the higher success rate of urogenital fistula repair, it’s important to refer the urogenital fistula patients timely to specialized fistula centres in order to achieve best results.
Post Abdominal Hysterectomy Ureterovaginal Fistula
Authors: Giri Kanti Prabha , Dangal Ganesh , Karki Aruna , Pradhan Hema , Shrestha Ranjana , Bhattachan Kabin , Thakur Amarnath , Poudel Rekha , Bajracharya Nishma , Tiwari Kenusha Devi
Published: March 2019

Ureteric injury can occur during any pelvic or abdominal surgeries. Gynecological surgeries especially total abdominal hysterectomy is one of the common cause of iatrogenic ureteric injury leading to ureterovaginal fistula. A 35 years lady had continuous leaking of urine per vagina from 25th day after total abdominal hysterectomy. Her CT urogram showed left distal ureterovaginal fistula and she underwent left ureteroneocystostomy. A good knowledge of pelvic anatomy is necessary along with a good surgical skill to prevent ureteric injury during surgery.
Keywords: DJ stent, ureteric injury, ureterovaginal fistula.
A Survey on the Duration of Leakage and Patient Perceived Bottlenecks to Seeking Fistula Treatment in Uganda
Authors: Asiimwe Ian Shane , Matovu Alphonsus
Published: March 2019

Aims: Uganda still has high fistula burden with 75000-100000 women still living with obstetric fistula and yet new cases are being formed. The ministry of health together with supporting partners established regional treatment centers among which includes Hoima and Mubende regional referral hospitals. This aimed to assess the duration of leaking urine and patient perceived reasons for delay to seek repair among genitourinary fistula mothers who presented in fistula camps at Mubende and Hoima fistula treatment centers.
Methods: This was a retrospective study in which qualitative and quantitative data was collected from standardized patient records of patient chats and registers filled by fistula surgeons.
Results : We had a total of 125 mothers from 19 districts and of age between 16 to 72 years with genital urinary fistula operated. The majority (47.4%) of the clients were 25 years or less, of low parity with 41 % (para 1+0) and without formal employment. Only 59.5% of the clients presented within one year from the time they developed the fistula. Among the patient perceived bottlenecks are the perception that fistulas are only treated during camps, lack of money, ill health resulting from difficult labour and lack of awareness that the bladder can be repaired.
Conclusions: With the low turn up of mothers seeking repair, there is need to reduce leaking time and lessen suffering of obstetric fistula patients by creating more awareness, promoting routine repairs and continued financial support to care for fistula clients.
Ureteral Obstruction in Endometriosis
Authors: Upadhyay Amit Mani , Kunwar Ashok , Shrestha Sanjesh , Tiwari Kabir , Pradhan Hema Kumari , Dangal Ganesh
Published: March 2019

Aim: Endometriosis is defined as functional endometrial glands and stroma that occur outside the uterine cavity. It is an estrogen dependent, benign, inflammatory disease that affects women during premenarcheal, reproductive and postmenopausal hormonal stages.
Methods: This is a retrospective review of six cases with diagnosis of ureteral endometriosis. All the patients were referred to Department of Surgery, Kathmandu Model Hospital and the study period was from September 2015 to August 2018.
Results: In our study all the patients had involvement of the ureter. All the patients who had undergone open surgery had extrinsic involvement of the ureter. Two patients who had mild distal ureteric stenosis only were managed by diagnostic URS and retrograde DJ stenting. Another two patients with right distal ureteric stenosis were managed initially with retrograde DJ stenting but after removal of ureteric stent and in subsequent follow up the degree of hydroureteronephrosis increased in both the cases. These two patients were finally undergone right Lich Gregoir ureteroneocystostomy. In the remaining two patients, ureterorenoscopy (URS) guided double J stenting were attempted but failed to insert the stent due to stenosed ureter so they underwent open abdominal hysterectomy with excision endometriotic cyst with ureterolysis and double J stenting.
Conclusions: Ureteral endometriosis is a rare disease presenting most commonly with nonspecific symptoms and signs and thus making preoperative diagnosis often difficult for the clinicians. Treatment of ureteral endometriosis is primarily surgical. The surgical procedures which are usually performed are excision of all endometriosis lesion, ureterolysis, ureterectomy with ureteroureteral anastomosis and ureteroneocystomy.
Burden of Obstetric Fistula on the Rohingya Community in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmood Iftikher , Biswas Nrinmoy , Akter Fahmida , Hansing Johanna , Mahmood Arman , Pugh Ashley , Love Jessica , Arrowsmith Steven
Published: March 2019

Since August 2017, a massive influx of over 800,000 Rohingya refugees have arrived in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The Rohingya state is one the poorest states in Myanmar, with ghetto-like camps and a lack of basic services and opportunities. In 1982, a new citizenship law was passed, effectively rendering the Rohingya stateless. As a result of this law, their rights to access health services have been restricted.
Now, many Rohingya are living in Cox’s Bazar in tent-based refugee camps under extremely poor conditions without access to proper medical care, hygiene, sanitation, food or education. Lack of proper maternal health care, together with early marriage, malnutrition, poverty and the physical characteristics of the women in this community (small body shapes), exposes Rohingya women to a very dangerous position with high chances of developing obstetric fistula during childbirth.
HOPE Hospital provides clinical care for women affected with obstetric fistula and is the only provider and referral center of fistula care in the region. Since the influx began, many fistula repairs have been carried out on Rohingya women at HOPE Hospital. This paper looks at fistula care and the psychosocial impact of fistula on victims in the refugee population, amid a massive humanitarian crisis.
Using Actor-Based Theories of Change to Conduct Robust Evaluation in Complex Settings
Authors: Koleros Andrew , Mayne John
Published: March 2019

Abstract: The use of theories of change (ToCs) is a hallmark of sound evaluation practice. As interventions have become more complex, the development of ToCs that adequately unpack this complexity has become more challenging. Equally important is the development of evaluable ToCs, necessary for conducting robust theory-based evaluation approaches such as contribution analysis (CA). This article explores one approach to tackling these challenges through the use of nested actor-based ToCs using the case of an impact evaluation of a complex police-reform program in the Democratic Republic of Congo, describing how evaluable nested actor-based ToCs were built to structure the evaluation.
Can’t See the Wood for the Logframe: Integrating Logframes and Theories of Change in Development Evaluation
Authors: Freer Gordon , Lemire Sebastian
Published: March 2019

Abstract: There are numerous ways in which to model the underlying theory of programs. In the context of international development evaluation, the most ubiquitous are likely “logframes” and to some extent “theories of change,” both of which may serve to guide program development and management, monitoring, and evaluation. While logframes and theories of change are often developed in parallel, they are rarely fully integrated in their practical application. Drawing on lessons from a recent theory-based evaluation, this article argues that fully integrating the program theory of change within the program logframe provides for a stronger and more holistic understanding of program progress.
How We Model Matters: A Manifesto for the Next Generation of Program Theorizing
Authors: Lemire Sebastian , Whynot Jane , Montague Steve
Published: March 2019

Abstract: In this concluding article, grounded on the exemplary contributions contained in the preceding pages, the guest editors scale the proverbial soapbox and present a manifesto to guide the pursuit and advancement of the next generation of program theorizing. Formulating ten declarations for program theory development and examination, the modest hope of the authors is to motivate and inspire refl ective evaluation practitioners to broaden their views, approaches, and techniques for future program theorizing.
Patient Satisfaction in a Culturally Diverse Environment: A Case Study of Dubai
Authors: Shirazi Asima , Jalbani Amanat Ali
Published: March 2019

The purpose of undertaking this study is to identify the factors that are taken into account when patients select doctors and to determine the variables thatincrease or decrease the possibility of a person being satisfied with his or her doctor. The analysis was based on a survey of residents in Dubai.
A Comparative Analysis* of Pakistan’s External Debt Performance in Two Eras Democratic Era (FY1989-FY1999) & Military Era (FY1999-FY2007)
Authors: Ahmed Syed Irfan , Azam S. M. Shafi
Published: March 2019

This research paper gives an in depth review of Pakistan’s debt performance during Fiscal Years 1989 to 2007. The objective of the research was to study debt situation of Pakistan and develop a statistical framework using Binary Recursive Tree to analyze and compare the debt management performance of Pakistan during two eras namely: The Democratic Era (FY1989-FY1999) and Military Rule Era (FY1999-FY2007). The Binary Recursive Tree was used to analyze era wise performance based on the mean values of important debt indicators compared to benchmark values. The outcomes of the BRT analysis show that the Military Era had performed better than the Democratic Era, but as mentioned there are several external factors, which affect the debt performance of a country. BRT analysis for the Democratic Era showed that the Era as a whole was crisis prone; on the other hand the Military Era comparatively was not crisis prone.
A Survey of Major HR Challenges in the Mature and Emerging Industries: A Comparison between IT and Banking Industries of Pakistan
Authors: Balagam Afifa , Fariduddin Shadab
Published: March 2019

The study explores the major HR challenges faced by an emerging sector like IT Solutions & Services and by a mature sector like banking. It identifies the lessons that can be learnt from a mature sector and how challenges can be avoided by an emerging sector for the betterment of the industry. This study is qualitative and has been conducted based on primary data through structured questionnaires from 10 banks and 50 IT companies. The findings of the study are that all banks possess a formal and dedicated HR department and they have sophisticated processes, procedures and policies that have evolved over the period of time. Compared to that, very few IT companies have shown importance of HR, as they have only few people in their HR department. Majority of the IT firms do not have a formal and dedicated HR department and thus, HR people are not playing any strategic role in the organization.
Stock Market Efficiency: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Ali Azam , Saqib Omar Farooq
Published: March 2019

Stock traders and potential and smart investors closely watch track-record of all listed companies on stock exchanges to make sure if future rate of return could be predicted on the basis of past data. To help the investors predict future rate of return, we analyzed the stock market's efficiency using ARMA and GARCH models. This study focused on the weak form efficiency of stock markets with the intention that if it is verified only then strong forms can be tested. The results, shown in the tables and graphs, indicate that the daily, weekly and monthly returns for KSE-100 index are stationary at their levels. Stationarity of rates of return series goes against the weak form efficiency. It means that future rate of return can be predicted to some extent on the basis of past data either by ARMA models or by GARCH models or by both. We found that the Efficient Market Hypothesis does not hold, so far, at both micro and macro levels in case of the Karachi Stock Exchange in Pakistan. The main contribution of this study is that it tests the Efficient Market Hypothesis for daily, weekly and monthly returns; from July 1995 to December 2007, on the premier stock exchange of the country in context of Pakistan that is KSE-100.
Japan-U.S. Defence Alliance: The Chinese Response
Authors: Mehmooda
Published: March 2019

After a period of decline, security ties between the U.S. and Japan have been revitalized by both the countries in response to the threats of terrorism and a nuclear North Korea. The invigorated alliance has also taken significant steps to deal with the rise of China as a military power, including the cooperation of security policies through revised guidelines 1997, which were intended to serve as a comprehensive transformation of the alliance, missile defence cooperation, and U.S. support of Tokyo's efforts to assert its interests in the Asia-Pacific region. China is a polity with a long history of wrong suffered at the hands of imperial powers, and thus it is naturally sensitive on issues related to its sovereignty. In terms of geopolitical realities, this paper will assess the manner in which China plans to integrates itself into the international system, or fails to do so, as it is one of the defining issues of international relations for the first quarter of the 21st century.
A Qualitative Study on Gen Y Women and Shopping Competence
Authors: Javed Wajeeha Fatima , Jalbani Amanat Ali
Published: March 2019

Women are known for their love of shopping; what influences their level of competence in shopping has not been studied. This research aims to arrive at a conceptual framework that deals with identification of competencies, moderators that impact the competencies, that is, the knowledge, skills and attitudes that the shopper has, and their influence on shopping competence. The framework, based on in-depth interviews of 34 Gen Y women, assumes a capitalistic society, and has limitations of sample selection. Literature review and observation studies back the framework; further qualitative and quantitative study is required to establish strength of relationships of KSAs and influence of moderators.