bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
System dynamics perspective: lack of long-term endogenous feedback accounts for failure of bucket models to replicate slow hydrological behaviors
Authors: Zhou Xinyao , Sheng Zhuping , Manevski Kiril , Yang Yanmin , Han Shumin , Neumann Andersen Mathias , Zhang Qingzhou , Liu Jinghong , Li Huilong , Yang Yonghui
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Hydrological models with the conceptual tipping bucket and the process-based evapotranspiration models are the most common tools in hydrology. However, these models consistently fail to replicate long-term and slow dynamics of a hydrological system, indicating the need for model augmentation and shift in approach. This study employed an entirely different approach – system dynamics – towards more realistic replication of long-term and slow hydrological behaviors by removing limits of exogenous climate on evapotranspiration and involving endogenous soil water-vegetation feedback loop. Using the headwaters of Baiyang Lake in China as a case study, the mechanisms of slow hydrological dynamics were gradually unraveled from 1982 to 2015 through wavelet analysis, Granger's causality test, and system dynamics. The wavelet analysis and Granger's causality test identified a negative-correlated, bidirectional causal relationship between evapotranspiration and the water budget across distinct climatic periodicities, suggesting a robust endogenous soil water-vegetation feedback structure operating on a long-term scale. The system dynamics approach successfully captured the slow behavior of the hydrological system under both natural and human-intervention scenarios, demonstrating a self-sustained oscillation arising within the system's boundary. Conventional hydrological models, which rely on process-based evapotranspiration models, operate on an instantaneous scale and are thus susceptible to short-time climatic and vegetation physiological variations. This results in inaccurate depletion rate of soil water stock and in turn, can lead to incorrect calculations of other hydrological variables. However, long-term and slow hydrological dynamics typically involves in endogenous state-dependent modulation and feedback related to changes in vegetation structure, thus are insensitive to exogenous disturbances and can be well replicated using system dynamics approach. This insight that the failure of hydrological models to replicate slow dynamics can be attributed to a time-scale mismatch may offer potential solutions for improving conventional hydrological models.
Impact of Perceived Injustice on the Severity of Menstrual Pain among High School Students: A Cross Sectional Study in Karachi
Authors: Hameed Beenish , Shamim Areeba , Tufail Muhammad , Sheikh Rameen , Jeewnani Rachna , Shahid Fareeha
Published: January 2024

Objective: The purpose of this research was to determine the relation between perceived injustice and severity of menstruation pain among high school students of Karachi. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study design conducted from March until August 2021, among high school students of Karachi (public and private) selected randomly. The calculated study sample was 426. The Bahria University Health Sciences Campus Ethical Review Committee approved ERC# 39/2021. Online self-surveys collected data. The study recruited 426 14–18-year-old high school girls who had past menarche and had no psychological disorders. mentally ill, hormonally treated, or uncooperative participants were excluded. Results: Out of 426 survey participants, the average age was 17.2 ± 1.3 years. Participants scored an average of 14.0 ± 9.3 on the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) out of 48 points. Menstrual pain intensity ranged from 6.8 ± 2.7 to 5.5 ± 2.5 points, with an average of 5.5 ± 2.5 points and a degree of interference of 5.9 ± 2.3 points. The IEQ was substantially connected to menstrual pain interference-related impairment, with a standardized regression coefficient (â) of 0.33 (95% CI). The standardized regression coefficients (â) for maximal and average pain intensity were 0.22 and 0.23, respectively. The variance inflation factor analysis showed no multicollinearity issues, with values ranging from 1.03 to 1.06. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study illuminates high school girls' emotions and perceptions. Many respondents described feeling misunderstood, having life changes, seeing conditions as unjust, and worrying about their future goals.
Surgical Management of Cerbellopontine Angle Tumors - Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Peshawar
Authors: Ali Mumtaz , Ullah Akram , Hussain Ramzan , Khan Hamzullah , Khan Sajid
Published: January 2024

Objectives: to determine the surgical outcome (clinical improvement and surgical excision) of CP angle tumors and its management in a hospital based study. Study design and setting: This descriptive case series study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery Prime Teaching hospital Peshawar from Jan 2018 to 30th August 2022. Methodology: All patients with CP angle disorders were included in the study irrespective of age and gender. Patients with pineal tumor and posterior fossa abscess were excluded. Results: A total of 48 patients were enrolled with 26(54.2%) males and 22(45.8%) females. The mean age with standard deviation of patients was 42+ 9 years. The frequency of CP angle disorders were; Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma) 31(64.6%), CP Angle Meningioma 8 (16.7%), Vestibular Schwannoma with Hydrocephalus 6(12.5%) and Epidermoid cyst 3(6.3%). 39(81.3%) of the patients were managed through Microsurgical Retrosigmoid Craniectomy, 6(12.5%) via Ventriculo-Peritoneal Shunt and 3(6.3%) were conservatively managed. Eight patients were expired during the follow up. The mean size of tumor was 3.2cm. There was no statistically significant association of gender and age with outcome/mortality in CP angle pathologies (p-0.195, 0.219 respectively). In 11 cases post-operative complications were recorded. 6(12.5%) cases were reported with facial Nerve palsy. Conclusion: Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma), CP Angle Meningioma, and Vestibular Schwannoma with Hydrocephalus are most common CP Angle pathologies in our set upThere is no statistically significant association of morbidity and mortality of CP angle tumors with age and gender. Facial nerve palsy was well managed with facial hypoglossal anastomosis and torsorraphy.
A Case of Marfan Syndrome Presenting as Tension Pneumothorax in A Tertiary Care Setup
Authors: Ahmad Tehreem
Published: January 2024

Marfan Syndrome is a rare connective tissue condition that affects several systems, including musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and ocular systems. Although less frequent, pulmonary involvement can nevertheless lead to emphysema, bullae, apical blebs, and a higher risk of spontaneous pneumothorax. Another option is pectus excavatum, carinatum, or scoliosis-related restrictive lung disease. We will discuss a case of 18 year old girl, with marfanoid habitus, non-smoker with history of ATT taken on radiological grounds, with complains of shortness of breath on and off and presenting with sudden onset worsening of shortness of breath and dry cough for 3 weeks. Chest x-ray showed tension pneumothorax. After emergency management echo was done and it showed MVP with MR. Patient was diagnosed as a case of Marfan Syndrome following Ghent criteria. The case indicates that pneumothorax though rare can be first presentation of Marfan Syndrome.
Factors Associated with Congestive Heart Failure among Patients Presenting with Acute Cardiac Emergencies in Northern Lahore
Authors: Baber Kamran , Javed Ammad , Asim Umair , Kazmi Tahseen , Farhat Saira , Khan Shehnaz
Published: January 2024

Objective: This study sought to assess the prevalence of congestive heart failure (CHF) and identify the key risk factors associated with its occurrence in patients, already have existing cardiac conditions in Lahore, Pakistan. Study Design and setting: A cross sectional study was conducted at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. Methodology: The study was conducted from October 2021 to March 2022 on a sample of 891 patients who were admitted in the coronary care unit from the emergency room and OPD and underwent cardiac catheterization. Convenience sampling was employed due to the unavailability of a large pool of patients. The questionnaire utilized socio-demographic variables, assessed the classification of congestive heart failure in relation to various comorbidities including thyroid diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic liver disease, peripheral vascular disease and hyperlipidemia as well as the risk factors associated with CHF. Results: The rate of CHF prevalence was found to be 12.68%. CHF was found to have a statistically significant relationship with smoking, ambulatory ability, and a history of organ transplantation. According to the New York Heart Association, a significant proportion of patients were classified as Class II, whereas the Canadian Cardiovascular Society reported that approximately 42.20% of patients had Class II angina. Conclusion: The prevalence of CHF was discovered to be extremely high. The most common comorbid ailment was discovered as hypertension, followed by diabetes. Many patients reported being able to perform daily activities but becoming fatigued during effort. When changing healthcare policies, it is critical to include preventive measures and interventions.
Evaluating Successful Pregnancy Outcome in Women Undergoing Trial of Labour after Caesarean Section (TOLAC)
Authors: Iffet Shazia , Arif Ayesha , Moin Sadaf , Jabeen Surayya , Rehan Samina
Published: January 2024

Objective: To determine the successful pregnancy outcome in women who opted for trial of labour after one lower segment transverse caesarean section (TOLAC). Study Design and Setting: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Combined Military Hospital Abbottabad, from Nov 2022 to April 2023. Methodology: 54 pregnant women were included in our study who had previously undergone one lower segment caesarean section more than 18 months back. They were booked at their first visit, briefed and counselled for trial of labour after caesarean section (TOLAC ), and were advised to await spontaneous labour till 40 completed weeks of gestation and in case of failure of onset of labour then for induction of labour. Data was collected in terms of successful vaginal birth/repeat caesarean section and fetomaternal outcome. Results: In our study, 54 women agreed for trial of labour who had one caesarean section more than 18 months back. Vaginal birth was successful in 39 women (72.22%). Gestational age, BMI, and age of the woman did not show any significant effect on trial of labour. Factors leading to successful outcome include previous vaginal delivery, spontaneous onset of labour, favourable bishop score, women who are keen for vaginal delivery. Conclusion: The study concluded that most pregnant women prefer labour trial after one CS. Adequate counselling and briefing of women reduce their anxiety, and help them to make decisions about their preferred mode of delivery.
Hyponatremia in Tuberculosis Meningitis: Navigating the Diagnostic Challenges of Cerebral Salt Wasting – A Case Report
Authors: Siddiqui Yousra Nasir
Published: January 2024

A 10 year old female presented with fever, headache and vomiting since four days. Her laboratory workup revealed low serum sodium, serum osmolality. CT scan of the brain was unremarkable, while on CSF examination, protein, and total leukocyte count (predominantly lymphocytes) were increased. CSF cultures were negative, however, GeneXpert detected rifampicin resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. Due to her high urine output and hyponatremia with sodium of 128 mEq/l, fluid restriction was attempted in order to rule out the diagnosis of SIADH, but the patient was unresponsive to it. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with tuberculous meningitis after further workup, followed by cerebral salt wasting. She was started on anti-tuberculous therapy (ATT), 3% hypertonic saline and flucrocortisone, to which she was responsive, and eventually discharged
Ethical Considerations in Data Collection Procedures in Health Professional Educational Researches
Authors: Farrukh Khadija ,   Bahria University Health Sciences, Campus Karachi
Published: January 2024

Medical education is the foundation upon which the future healthcare system is built. Ensuring its quality and effectiveness is paramount to producing competent and ethical healthcare professionals
he outcome of Ketamine and Propofol for Procedural Sedation and Analgesia (PSA) in Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Qureshi Bushra Qaiser , Siddiqu Emad Uddin , Kazi Sayyeda Ghazala
Published: January 2024

bjectives: We aim to evaluate the outcomes of Ketamine and Propofol for PSA in pediatric Pakistani Emergency Department (ED) patients. Our primary objective is to observe sedation duration and recovery time. Secondary objective is to assess the need for repeat doses and potential complications associated with the use of these drugs. Study Design & Setting: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Urban tertiary care hospital: Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) ED, Pakistan. Methodology: 179 eligible patients requiring painful procedures in the emergency, under 16 years, selected through nonprobability consecutive sampling, after consent from caregiver/children, were included. PSA was performed by certified PALS and PSA personnel, with single IV Ketamine dose (0.5 mg/kg) and Propofol (1 mg/kg, followed by 0.5-1 mg/kg as needed). 15 Oxygen saturation and vital signs were continuously monitored during and after the procedure until full consciousness was regained and patients were observed for potential complications. RESULTS: 179 patients underwent PSA with Ketamine and Propofol combination; (57.0%) male and (43.0%) female, with a mean age of 3.91 years (± 2.80). Majority of patients were 1-5 years old (80.4%), 6-10 years (15.6%), and 11- 16 years (3.9%). Of these, (82.1%) required laceration repair. Some reversible complications were observed, including tachypnea in (28.5%) of cases, hypotension (22.3%), tachycardia (21.8%), bradycardia (2.2%) and hypoxia in (1.1%). CONCLUSION: In our study, PSA using Ketamine and Propofol combination in the ED, by non- anesthesiologists, was found to be safe and linked to a low rate of reversible complications.
PENYULUHAN TENTANG PENYALAGUNAAN OBAT (NARKOBA) DI BANJAR TEGAL DESA KUBUTAMBAHAN
Authors: Abdillah Eric Kurnia , Rahman Reza Ismail Abdul , Dewi Luh Yesi Angga Natalia
Published: January 2024

Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini mempunyai tujuan yaitu untuk meningkatkan sikap peduli, empati mahasiswa dan kondisi keberadaan masyarakat terhadap penyalagunaan obat. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan perpaduan antara metode pemberdayaan masyarakat, diklat dan pendampingan dengan melibatkan Mahasiswa dan Warga Banjar Tegal Desa Kubutambahan. Langkah awal yang dilakukan adalah melakukan pemberdayaan dan Pendampingan kepada warga kampus. Target akhir dari kegiatan ini adalah melakukan pemberdaayan warga Banjar Tegal Desa Kubutambahan dengan menyadari penyalagunaan obat dapat membahayakan kesehatan jiwa dan rohani, serta memberikan langkah-langkah dalam pencegahan terjadinya penyalagunaan obat (narkoba) dikalangan masyarakat, sehingga dapat peningkatan kualitas hidup masyarakat sekitar.
La doble herencia del concepto de sujeto en la obra de Byung Chul Han.
Authors: Butierrez Luis Fernando
Published: January 2024

En el siguiente trabajo haremos un recorrido por un conjunto de trabajos fundamentales de Byung Chul Han para circunscribir la concepción de sujeto que le permite articular elementos centrales de su programa político. En este contexto, nos proponemos argumentar que tal concepción se articula desde una triple herencia: la concepción respectiva de Foucault, la comprensión de Heidegger en torno a la ontología del Dasein y el concepto de ego de tradición cartesiana. Debido a esta confluencia de tradiciones es posible identificar ciertas tensiones en el desarrollo de su perspectiva política y comunitaria por su articulación sobre distintas bases comprensivas. Para dar cuenta de ello, en primer lugar, puntualizaremos los aspectos principales de las elaboraciones de Heidegger en torno al Dasein y la concepción de sujeto en la obra de Foucault. En segundo lugar, analizaremos un conjunto de lecturas e interpretaciones de Han, en el marco de sus elaboraciones respecto de los procesos contemporáneos de subjetivación y las formas de poder. Con ello, nos proponemos una clarificación y distinción de los marcos comprensivos desde los cuales Han tematiza los procesos socio-políticos de poder y subjetivación, en vistas de contribuir con el desarrollo comprensivo de su enfoque en nuestra época.
Respublica utopiensium, ¿una utopía republicana?
Authors: Klocker Dante E.
Published: January 2024

A los efectos de mostrar el compromiso de Utopía de Moro con el ideal republicano de una civitas libera se siguen en este trabajo tres pasos o momentos. Tras unas breves, pero necesarias consideraciones terminológicas acerca de los dos principales sentidos de “república” a comienzos del siglo XVI, se desarrolla la concepción acerca de la naturaleza y legitimidad del poder defendida en la obra. Luego se analiza cómo dicho principio se traduce en las instituciones y prácticas de la comunidad utopiense. Y finalmente se intenta dar cuenta de cómo dichas instituciones y prácticas cristalizan en aquel modelo político (típico del republicanismo renacentista) llamado “régimen mixto”, que combina la monarquía, la democracia y la aristocracia. Ahora bien, la expresión concreta de este último aspecto en la vida de Utopía da lugar a una interesante tensión interna. En efecto, por una parte, produce una significativa restricción de la libertad política al reconocer derechos desiguales al “pueblo” (que solo elige, pero no puede ser elegido para las principales magistraturas) respecto del estamento intelectual (que es el único que puede ser elegido para las mismas). Pero, al mismo tiempo, si tenemos en cuenta que la pertenencia a dicho estamento no depende en absoluto de la riqueza (puesto que en Utopía no hay propiedad privada, sino propiedad común), de aquí podemos inferir que se ha comenzado a pensar de modo decidido y disruptivo la igualdad material como condición necesaria de la auténtica libertad política.
Chul Han, B. (2022): Infocracia: la digitalización y la crisis de la democracia, Berlín, Taurus, 112 pp.
Authors: Neves Pérez Hugo
Published: January 2024

Infocracia: la digitalización y la crisis de la democracia es un libro accesible para todo el público, donde el filósofo expone sus planteamientos de forma directa, crítica,  breve y sencilla.  Quien decida adentrarse en este ensayo, se encontrará con un libro de ideas cortas pero que hacen reflexionar sobre el sistema social en el que convivimos y la influencia de la información,  la psicopolitica, las noticias falsas, la digitalización y el big data como elementos disruptores y deformantes de la democracia.
Հայաստանի աշխատաշուկայի էթնիկ կազմի «վայրիվերումները» / “FLUCTUATIONS” IN THE ETHNIC COMPOSITION OF THE ARMENIAN LABOR MARKET
Authors: SHAHRIMANYAN Tereza
Published: January 2024

The likelihood of benefiting from labor migration depends greatly on the political systems of the
countries of origin and destination, the regulated nature of the process, as well as bilateral, regional
and multilateral cooperation between them. In Armenia, we now have a sharp increase in the influx of
citizens of India and Iran, in addition, we have a new geography of labor migrants, which has a growing
trend, over the last year. The flow from Ukraine, China, and Egypt has especially increased. Now, based
on the prevailing situation, Armenia is taking steps to regulate the process by defining legal acts in this
direction, creating a unified platform, and most importantly, actively interacting with those countries
from which an active flow of labor migrants is observed. Public opinion on migrants varies from extreme rejection to perspectives of economic gain.
Դերային վերաբաշխումներ Կենտրոնական Ասիայում. ի՞նչ ակնկալել / REDISTRIBUTION OF ROLES IN CENTRAL ASIA: WHAT TO EXPECT?
Authors: PETROSYAN Narine
Published: January 2024

The struggle for hegemony among the global economic "giants" continues to expand its scope, as
they express their aspirations to gain control over certain groups of countries and regions. Since 2022,
interest in Central Asia has grown significantly due to the escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.
Over the past six months alone, Russia and China have held summits with the countries of the region,
and the European Union and the United States are constantly talking about strengthening ties with the
countries of Central Asia. Why has this region become a bone of contention for the world's economic
superpowers, will the countries of this region be able to emerge victorious from the current situation
and what can we expect from the developments in the future?
ՀՀ երիտասարդների միգրացիայի ընտրանքային հետազոտություն / Selective Study of Youth Migration of the RA
Authors: TADEVOSYAN ZOYA , BADALYAN KIMA , HAYRAPETYAN ALBERT
Published: January 2024

Young
migrants, being the most mobile social group, make up the bulk
of annual migration flows. This is also facilitated by migration
policies implemented by the leading countries of the world,
within which young people are given the opportunity to ensure a
better life for themselves and their families, realize educational
aspirations, improve professional skills, satisfy the desire for
personal development - overcoming a variety of problems
abroad and, eventually, achieve a decent lifestyle. One of the
main factors of migration is the search for the most attractive
job. This factor has played a decisive role in the processes
accompanying the economic reforms of the Republic of Armenia
in recent decades. Migration of the population, especially among
young people, is one of the most important demographic
processes exerting a significant impact on the change in the
structure of the population, and consequently on the overall
indicators of socio - economic development of the country. The
latter circumstance is due to the study on the basis of primary
surveys of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics
of the young population, who emigrated from the regions of
Armenia and Yerevan, such as the gender and age structure of
migrants, the level of education, the motives of emigration, the
purpose of migration, the basics of the legality of emigration,
geographical directions of migration, the intention to return, the
money transfers they make, etc.
Pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah Terhadap Belanja Modal di Indonesia
Authors: Himawan Hilmi Satria , Mubarok Arif , Wahyuni Eka , Sari Ema Eka , Sukmawati Erviana
Published: January 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of original local government revenue on capital expenditure in 34 provinces in Indonesia. This type of reaserch is quantitative using secondary data on the SIKD djpk.kemenkeu.go.id as portal website. The size of sample is 34 provinces in Indonesia with an observation period in 2022. The analysis method in this study used simple linear regression analysis with SPSS 26 program. Research results show that original local government revenue has a positive effect on capital expenditure. This means that the higher the regional income which is obtained, the more capital expenditure will be increased.
Analisis Media Program Tayangan Kartun Berdasarkan Pedoman P3SPS
Authors: Ma'amun Muhammud Amin , Wijayani Qoniah Nur
Published: January 2024

The aim of this research is to explore, describe and analyze forms of violations and their sanctions. The application of sanctions for violations that occur is based on the 2012 KPI Broadcasting Behavior Guidelines and Program Standards (P3SPS). This research method is descriptive and prescriptive, calculating and aims to collect information about the condition of a symptom, especially the condition of the symptom. depending on the situation at the time the research is carried out. The research location is the East Kalimantan KPID office. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and notes. The study was moderated by 11 people, including the East Kalimantan KPID coordinator, psychology teacher, science communication teacher, as well as parents and children who watched the film Shaun the Sheep. Data analysis was carried out using data reduction methods, data presentation and drawing conclusions. From this examination, violations were found in the MNC TV program "Shaun the Sheep" which aired on July 21 2017, including violations related to programs with sexual connotations, child protection, and classification of broadcast programs. This program influences changes in children's attitudes and behavior while watching, especially in terms of imitation ability. P3 and SPS should be guidelines during/during the production of television programs so that they can present quality, healthy and useful viewing
USE OF VEGETABLE-DERIVED PROTEINS FOR NEW FOOD PRODUCTS
Authors: Mazur Mihail , Bulgaru Viorica , Celac Valentin , Şensoy Ilkay , Ghendov-Mosanu Aliona
Published: January 2024

Nowadays there is a high concern with newly-identified protein sources to substitute all kinds of proteins derived from animals. The food industry faces a challenge to produce quality food products that can feed more than nine billion people by 2050, upholding the principles of a sustainable and environmentally affordable way. This idea can be supported by the use of legumes that stand out with appreciable protein content, rich in essential amino acids that increase the foaming and emulsifying properties as well as the dietary fiber content. In recent years, in order to solve environmental and social problems and to diversify food products to cover different nutritional types, proteins of plant origin are used to replace those of animal origin. The present work described a review about emerging alternative proteins for nutrition which focuses on its properties and characteristics.The work analyzes the influence of alternative proteins sources on the food products'sustainability.
Analysis of effectiveness of dietary diets Expert Renal PSK for adult cats of all breeds in complex therapy of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Karpenko L. Yu. , Bakhta A. A. , Enukashvili A. I.
Published: January 2024

The use of Expert Renal PSC in the complex therapy of dietary diets for adult cats of all breeds led to a decrease in urea level by 1.7 times, creatinine by 29%. The decrease in protein in the diet made it possible to reduce the content of inorganic phosphorus in the blood of experimental animals by 20%. It can be concluded that the use of Expert Renal PSK dietary diets for adult cats of all breeds in the complex therapy of chronic kidney disease, initiated at stage 2, contributes to the stabilization of kidney function and reduces the progression of renal failure.
Regulation of the production and use of radiopharmaceuticals for veterinary use
Authors: Ponamarev V. S.
Published: January 2024

In veterinary pharmacology, radiopharmaceuticals play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. These are special preparations containing radioactive isotopes, which provide high sensitivity and accuracy of visualization of internal organs and tissues as part of radionuclide diagnostics. In this regard, the production and use of radiopharmaceuticals requires strict adherence to certain requirements that ensure the safety and effectiveness of their use. Regular monitoring and safety assessment of the use of radiopharmaceuticals in veterinary medicine are mandatory measures to maintain a high level of professional animal care and protect the environment. The article discusses the main regulatory documents regulating the production and use of radiopharmaceuticals. In general, requirements for the production and use of radiopharmaceuticals are aimed at ensuring the safety of animals, personnel and the environment, as well as guaranteeing the high quality and effectiveness of the drugs used. Only strict compliance with all requirements will allow the medical community to fully exploit the potential of radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.
Macromorphological structure of the brain of the Nile Poetter (Rousettus aegyptiacus)
Authors: Zelenevsky N. V. , Borisov S. V. , Khvatov V. A.
Published: January 2024

The nervous system is one of the leading integrating systems of the body. In combination with the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, it unites the body into a single whole. The nervous system controls the level of adaptive reactions of a living organism to changing environmental conditions. The Nile bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) is a typical representative of the order bats. The purpose of our study is to study the macromorphology of individual anatomical structures of the brain of the Nile bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). The material for the study was four different-sex animals of the Nile bat species (Rousettus aegyptiacus) aged 10-14 years, obtained from private veterinary clinics. The methods for studying the brain of the Nile bat were: fine anatomical dissection, morphometry, photographing, weighing. The work was performed on the basis of the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. As a result of the study, it was found that due to the strong development and large size of the auditory posterior tubercles of the quadrilateral, it is possible to judge the predominance of the auditory analyzer, while the anterior tubercles of the quadrilateral have a relatively small size, most of the structures of the visual analyzer are contained in the neocortex. It was found that there is no division of the cerebellar fragment into anatomical structures in the brain, and the size of the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum in this species is on average 1.30x1.10±0.15x0.10 mm. The absence of pronounced lobes and furrows was revealed, and the Nile bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) belongs to lysencephalic animals. The obtained materials can be used as a reference material for continuing research on the brain of the Nile bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), as well as in comparative morphology and physiology of humans and animals.
Analysis of biochemical indicators of blood serum of lactating sows when using “Liquafide”
Authors: Ivanov D. N. , Filatov A. V. , Sapozhnikov A. F.
Published: January 2024

Modern industrial pig farming involves the intensification of production and the search of methods to reduce costs in the production of pork, observing veterinary and sanitary requirements. All this is aimed at solving the issue of food security of the country and solving the issue of import substitution. Nevertheless, the intensification of pig farming is accompanied by a violation of the physiological needs of the animal's body, as well as a decrease in its resistance and exacerbation of existing diseases. A healthy metabolism in the body of lactating sows lays the foundation for the further health and productivity of her offspring. The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of different doses of the «LikvaFid» supplemental nutrition complex on the biochemical parameters of the blood of sows during lactation. During the experiment, biochemical parameters were analyzed: total protein, albumins, globulins, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, total cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper. To conduct the experiment, 4 groups of analogues were formed from sows with a history of 2 to 5 farrowing. The first experimental group (n = 10) of sows received the probiotic additive «LikvaFid» at a dose of 40 g, the second (n = 10) – 50 g and the third (n = 10) – 60 g per 1 ton of consumed water. The animals of the intact group (n=10) did not receive a probiotic supplement. Blood sampling from all sows was performed once from the jugular vein before weaning the young. According to the results of the study, it was found that the use of different doses of the probiotic complex «LikvaFid» to sows during lactation has a beneficial effect on the biochemical parameters of blood serum. The studied indicators characterizing protein and lipid metabolism mainly did not go beyond the reference values, which indicates the physiological course of metabolic processes in the body of sows. Against the background of the use of «LikvaFid», hepatocellular metabolism is normalized and the concentration of vital micro- and macronutrients increases. Positive changes in the biochemical composition of sow blood are associated with normalization of the intestinal microbiome and improved absorption of nutrients throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Changes in rats serum aminotransferase activity during acute toxic hepatitis modeling
Authors: Kryachko O. V. , Lukoyanova L. A. , Anisimova K. A.
Published: January 2024

In veterinary practice, hepatopathy in animals is quite common, the occurrence of which is preceded by either autoimmune damage by autoantigens or direct damage to the liver by various etiological factors. Such factors can be medications in the treatment and prevention of various invasive diseases, in case of erroneous dosage or in the individual reaction of the animal. The purpose of the work is to study in a model experiment the effect of a toxic drug (carbon tetrachloride) on the functional activity of hepatocytes in rats. The work shows that the toxic effect of carbon tetrachloride is manifested by a pronounced clinical picture of liver damage and changes in transaminase activity. The changes have a cascade character - at the first contact of the toxicant with hepatocytes, damage to the cell membrane and activation of ALT occurs; subsequently, an increase in the activity of AST and ALТ is observed, indicating systemic disorders, first of the liver, and then of the heart muscle.
Organization of veterinary and sanitary examination of raw milk, requirements of normative documents for milk quality safety indicators
Authors: Smirnov A. V.
Published: January 2024

Raw cow's milk has high nutritional and dietary value. Raw milk obtained from sick animals, as well as milk produced in violation of hygienic, sanitary and technological norms and rules, can cause human poisoning, infection with zooanthroponous and foodborne diseases. This article presents recommendations on the organization and conduct of veterinary examination of milk and its veterinary and sanitary assessment, based on a documentary analysis of the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union CU TR 033/2013 and TR CU 021/2011 and the veterinary rules for the appointment and conduct of veterinary and sanitary examination of milk and dairy products intended forworks or for sale in retail markets dated 06/28/2021, as amended on 05/24/2022. Based on the results of studies of the rules of veterinary and sanitary examination of milk dated 06/28/2021. Based on the results of studies of the rules of veterinary and sanitary examination of milk dated 06/28/2021, we found that they do not require the determination of such indicators in milk as: the group of milk purity, the presence of inhibitory substances and the freezing point of milk, although these indicators are present in TR CU 033/2013, at the same time, the rules prescribe the determination of coli titer in raw milk, while time, as in the Technical Regulations, this indicator is not prescribed for raw milk.
The use of computer models of the spread of animal diseases in veterinary medicine based on an individual approach
Authors: Kuzmin V. A. , Borisov N. V. , Shcherbakov P. P. , Orekhov D. A.
Published: January 2024

Computer models in veterinary medicine are used in veterinary medicine to simulate the spread of infectious and noncommunicable diseases, predict the consequences of the disease, plan, evaluate epizootic surveillance, control strategies, and obtain information about cause-and-effect relationships by comparing the results of the model with real-life data. There are various types of disease spread models, and this review article presents and describes the implementation of a certain type of disease - models based on an individual approach. The purpose of the review work is to develop models for the spread of infectious and non-communicable animal diseases based on an individual approach, their use and problems.The materials of the review article are based on the results of numerous epizootological, diagnostic studies, methods of mathematical statistics by scientists from Denmark, Ireland, Switzerland, Australia, Great Britain, Germany, Sardinia. Examples of programming languages and code are provided in order to make modeling methods more accessible to users. Important steps in building such models before, during, and after the programming phase are described, including: model verification to ensure that the model does what it was intended to do; model validation to determine whether the model results reflect the system being modeled; model convergence analysis to ensure its compliance with endemic diseases. A brief analysis of the sensitivity of the model is given, which is used to identify parameters and processes that have a significant impact on the predictions of the model. A brief overview of some interesting recent developments in the field of disease propagation models is provided.
Storage of Bacillus anthracis strain using low temperature preservation method
Authors: Rodionov A. P. , Ivanova S. V. , Sayfullin A. S. , Khusainov I. T. , Dupleva L. Sh. , Melnikova L. A. , Artemyeva E. Al.
Published: January 2024

Storage of industrially valuable strains of microorganisms is one of the strategic tasks of modern science and the biological industry. The production and timely implementation of therapeutic, preventive and diagnostic drugs against anthrax contributes to maintaining a stable epizootic situation in Russia for this disease. Therefore, the development and study of methods for storing industrially valuable strains of Bacillus anthracis is an important research work that allows preserving and preserving the unique biological properties of the cells of this pathogen. The purpose of this work was to study the preservation of the viability and biological properties of the Bacillus anthracis strain after 12 months of low-temperature preservation. The strain K-STI-79 of the causative agent of anthrax was used in the work. The strain was stored for 12 months at a temperature of minus 70 C in two cryoprotective media: 15% glycerin solution with 15% glucose solution and 30% neutral glycerin solution in saline solution. After 6 and 12 months of storage, the cells were removed from preservation, thawed at 37 C, tenfold dilutions were made in sterile saline solution and seeded to determine the concentration of viable cells. The safety of the biological properties of the pathogen was studied according to MUC 4.2.2413-08. As a result of the work, it was found that the selected cryoprotectors and the temperature regime of storage allowed to keep a high number of cells in a viable state, which did not significantly differ statistically from the initial concentration. The study of the biological properties of the strain showed their compliance with passport data. The conducted work demonstrates the possibility of effective use of the applied scheme of low-temperature preservation of Bacillus anthracis strains for 12 months.
Early insemination of heifers
Authors: Paderina R. V. , Vinogradova N. D.
Published: January 2024

In recent years, due to the increase in the consumption of dairy products, the need to increase the productivity of animals has increased. One way to achieve this goal is to inseminate the heifers early. In the context of a specific production technology, it is necessary to establish the optimal, most profitable terms for the initial sexual use of heifers. Studies have been conducted to examine the milk productivity and duration of use of heifers inseminated at 12 months of age compared to animals at a later date of insemination. Analysis of live weight changes during growth showed that heifers of the 1st group grew intensively at all age periods, ahead of peers in live weight. The study of milk productivity indicators showed that for 305 days of the 1st lactation and for the entire lactation, animals of the 1st group (early insemination) were infeIn recent years, due to the increase in the consumption of dairy products, the need to increase the productivity of animals has increased. One way to achieve this goal is to inseminate the heifers early. In the context of a specific production technology, it is necessary to establish the optimal, most profitable terms for the initial sexual use of heifers. Studies have been conducted to examine the milk productivity and duration of use of heifers inseminated at 12 months of age compared to animals at a later date of insemination. Analysis of live weight changes during growth rior only to animals of the 2nd group in the amount of milk, but differed in high fat content (3.93%). The yield on the 1st day in animals of the 1st group was lower by 0.4-0.8 kg. According to the results of the 2nd lactation, there were no differences in productivity between animals of different groups. Analysis of data on the duration of use of dairy cows of different insemination ages showed that under the current conditions of feeding, keeping and using animals in the study farm, cows with an early insemination period (12.0 months) were used longer than others - 1.4 lactation. The body sizes of the first calves, namely the width in the sacrum, were estimated in animals of the 1st group by 3 points, which is worse than in the first calves of other groups.
Long-term effects of organ-preserving treatment of benign tumors
Authors: Halandzhiy Marian-Andrii
Published: January 2024

Hysterectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed on women worldwide. Therefore, understanding the relationship between hysterectomy and ovarian neoplasia risk is crucial to inform the debate about the relative merits of prophylactic ovarian removal during hysterectomy.

The objective: is to investigate the prevalence of benign and malignant ovarian tumors in patients undergoing hysterectomy in connection with benign uterine diseases and to study the relationship between age at surgery and the incidence of ovarian tumors in these patients.

Materials and methods. Patients were divided into two groups depending on their age at the time of surgery: Group 1 included patients under 45 years of age (n=162), and Group 2 included patients over 45 years of age (n=107).

Results. The mean age in group 1 was 38,48±4,42 years, while in group 2 – 51,18±3,71 years. The data showed that 8.6% of patients in the younger group had benign tumors, while in the older group – 5,6%. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0,478). The prevalence of malignant tumors was significantly higher in patients in the older group compared to the younger group (5,2% vs. 2,5%; p=0,022). Belonging to the observation group (≤45 years or >45 years) showed a statistically significant association with the prevalence of malignant tumors, as the odds ratio was 4,072 (95% CI: 1,243–13,342), and the p-value was 0,020. This indicates that patients aged >45 years have a higher risk of developing malignant tumors compared to patients aged ≤45 years.

Conclusions. Patients aged >45 years who have undergone hysterectomy without ovariectomy have a higher incidence of ovarian malignancy compared to patients aged ≤45 years.
Informing of estimation of cytokine status at nonspecific infectious-inflammatory diseases of cervix and vagina
Authors: Kostyuk Iryna
Published: January 2024

The objective: to estimate informing estimation of cytokine status at nonspecific infectious inflammatory diseases of the cervix and vagina.

Materials and methods. 9 type groups are selected: I –conditionally healthy (42 women), II –candidacy (45 women), III – bacterial vaginosis (112 women), IV - a nonspecific vulvovaginitis (107women), V – acute vulvovaginal candidiasis (61 women), VI - chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis (76women), VII – bacterial vaginosis + candida infection (71 women), VIII - a nonspecific vulvovaginitis+ candida infection (84 women), IX – bacterial vaginosis + nonspecific vulvovaginitis (63 women). The complex of the conducted research included cytological, bacterioscopic, bacteriological, and immunological.

Results. The set connection between clinical and laboratory by the features of the studied states and biological properties of stamps of C. albicans, selected from different patients. Together with the comparative analysis of morphological and cultural descriptions of mycotic cultures, the special interest was presented by the determination of their phospholipase activity, which is examined as basic, correlating with other, factors of pathogenicity of C. аlbicans. It is marked, that in those cases when it is possible it was to foresee the participation of C. аlbicansin an infectious process as a mono exciter or fellow member of parasitocenosis, registered the meaningful increase of the degree of their virulence for certain. The sizes of cages varied, but more frequently were below averages. The coefficient of virulence which correlates with the level of phospholipase activity hesitated within the limits of 0,3–0,9 and, as a rule, exceeded 0,5. Dependence is marked also on a temperature factor: the speed of growth of «virulent» variants at room temperature was considerably slowed, or growth absented in general, that typically for exciters infectious inflammatory diseases. In those cases, when candida was discovered for practically healthy women or as«casual», transient components on a background of nonspecific vaginitis or bacterial vaginosis, the coefficient of virulence of the selected stamps was always below the 0,3, a tendency was traced to thejumboizing of cages, here cultures identically well grew and at a room temperature, and at 37 °С. Obviously, at clarification of diagnosis, for differentiation of the states, C is related to infecting. аlbicans, and estimations of their contribution to the infectious process, together with traditional clinical-and laboratory by tests, expedient study of the transferred properties of microbial cultures which are selected.

Conclusions. The results of the conducted research testify to the substantial role of cytokine status in the estimation of the state of local factors of defense for patients from infectious inflammatory diseases of the cervix and vagina. The got results must be taken into account in the development of an algorithm for diagnostic and treatment-and-prophylactic measures.