bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Impact of Global Oil Prices On GDP (on the Example of the Azerbaijan Republic)
Authors: Ayyubova N. S.
Published: May 2023

Purpose of the study. The article analyzes the impact of world oil prices (external and internal factors) on the country’s GDP, considers fluctuations in world oil prices, their impact on the national economy of Azerbaijan and the integrability of these macroeconomic indexes.

Materials and methods. The study of the dynamics of the functioning of time series based on the initial data revealed their non-stationarity, which does not allow creating a “qualitative” predictive model. In order to achieve the goals of the study and “improve the quality” of the model being formed, which is used to calculate predictive estimates, appropriate econometric procedures were carried out and the integrability of time series was investigated. In particular, the method of vector error correction model VECM is used. The test is based on the use of cointegration equations between variables, where lag lengths and Granger causality definitions are solved within this model. When forming the VECM model, the hypotheses put forward in the work were tested using econometric tests. The responses of the impulse function to the independent variables of the model were studied by the method of graphical representation based on the values of the model and its residuals.

Results. It has been determined that the long-term equilibrium relationship between variables can be considered stable, since after short-term disturbances from shock reactions, stability is restored. The applied method of decomposition of forecast error variances to determine the influence of exogenous variables on the endogenous variable showed that the greatest uncertainty in the forecast for GDP, Azeri_light, Brent and West is given by their own changes during the first trimester of the period under consideration.

Conclusion. The results obtained can be useful for identifying real trends in Azerbaijan’s GDP and determining its interdependencies with other macroeconomic variables, for determining its interdependencies with variations in energy prices based on an analysis of the dynamics of the indexes under consideration, for developing recommendations and forming directions for the longterm development of GDP.
Pharmacophore & QSAR Guided Design, Synthesis, Pharmacokinetics
and In vitro Evaluation of Curcumin Analogs for Anticancer Activity
Authors: Alam Sarfaraz , Verma Surjeet , Fatima Kaneez , Luqman Suaib , Srivastava Santosh Kumar , Khan Feroz
Published: May 2023

Background:

As a part of our discovery of plant-based lead molecules, we provide a
helpful tool, which helps in identification, designing, optimising, structural modifications, and prediction
of curcumin, to discover novel analogs with enhanced bioavailability, pharmacologically
safe, and anticancer potential.

Methods:

QSAR (Quantitative structure-activity relationship) and pharmacophore mapping models
were developed and further used to design, synthesize, pharmacokinetics, and in vitro evaluation of
curcumin analogs for anticancer activity.

Results:

The QSAR model yielded a high activity-descriptors relationship accuracy (r2) of 84%, a
high activity prediction accuracy (rcv2) of 81%, and external set prediction accuracy of 89%. The
QSAR study indicates that the five chemical descriptors were significantly correlated with anticancer
activity. The important pharmacophore features identified were a hydrogen bond acceptor, a
hydrophobic centre, and a negative ionizable centre. The model's predictive ability was evaluated
against a set of chemically synthesized curcumin analogs. Among the tested compounds, nine curcumin
analogs were found with IC50 values of 0.10 to 1.86 μg/mL. The active analogs were assessed
for pharmacokinetics compliance. EGFR was identified as a potential target of synthesized
active curcumin analogs through docking studies.

Conclusion:

Integrating in silico design, QSAR-driven virtual screening, chemical synthesis, and
experimental in vitro evaluation may lead to the early discovery of novel and promising anticancer
compounds from natural sources. The developed QSAR model and common pharmacophore generation
were used as a designing and predictive tool to develop novel curcumin analogs. This study
may help optimize the therapeutic relationships of studied compounds for further drug development
and their potential safety concerns. This study may guide compound selection and designing
novel active chemical scaffolds or new combinatorial libraries of the curcumin series.
Antibacterial Effects of Nanocomposites on Efflux Pump Expression and
Biofilm Production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shakib Pegah , Saki Reza , Marzban Abdolrazagh , Goudarzi Gholamreza , Ghotekar Suresh , Cheraghipour Kourosh , Zolfaghari Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2023

Background:

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen
with multiple mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics.

Aim:

This systematic review aimed to study the antibacterial effects of nanocomposites on efflux
pump expression and biofilm production in P. aeruginosa.

Methods:

The search was conducted from January 1, 2000, to May 30, 2022, using terms such as
(P. aeruginosa) AND (biofilm) AND (antibiofilm activity) AND (anti-Efflux Pump Expression
activity) AND (nanoparticles) AND (Efflux Pump Expression) AND (Solid Lipid NPS) AND
(Nano Lipid Carriers). Many databases are included in the collection, including ScienceDirect,
PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and Cochrane.

Results:

A list of selected articles was retrieved by using the relevant keywords. A total of 323
published papers were selected and imported into the Endnote library (version X9). Following the
removal of duplicates, 240 were selected for further processing. Based on the titles and abstracts of
the articles, 54 irrelevant studies were excluded. Among the remaining 186 articles, 54 were included
in the analysis because their full texts were accessible. Ultimately, 74 studies were selected
based on inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Conclusion:

Recent studies regarding the impact of NPs on drug resistance in P. aeruginosa found
that various nanostructures were developed with different antimicrobial properties. The results of
our study suggest that NPs may be a feasible alternative for combating microbial resistance in P.
aeruginosa by blocking flux pumps and inhibiting biofilm formation.
Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) Accelerates Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Metastasis via Upregulating SHH Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zou Yiran , Lin Jianbo , Liu Jian , Zhang Fabiao , Yang Tingsong , Gong Jian , Jiang Tao , Zuo Jieliang , Song Ruimei , Shen Hao , Shen Feng , Li Jun
Published: May 2023

Background:

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly aggressive malignancy
with a poor prognosis. Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is an α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase
involved in the post-translational hydroxylation of target proteins. ASPH has been demonstrated to be
upregulated in ICC, yet its role remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the potential
function of ASPH in ICC metastasis.

Methods:

Survival curves for the overall survival of pan-cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas
(TCGA) database was depicted using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test.
The expression of ASPH, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, phosphorylation GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β),
epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, and sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling elements
in ICC cell lines was analyzed by western blot. Wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to
examine the effects of ASPH knockdown and overexpression on cell migration and invasion. An immunofluorescence
assay was conducted to evaluate the expression of glioma-associated oncogene 2
(GLI2), GSK-3β and ASPH. The effect of ASPH on tumor in vivo was analyzed using a nude mouse
xenograft model.

Results:

Pan-cancer data showed that expressed ASPH was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis
in patients. ASPH knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion of human ICC cells lines
QBC939 and RBE. ASPH overexpression contributed to an increase in the N-cadherin and Vimentin,
resulting in the promotion of the EMT process. The p-GSK-3β levels decreased in the presence of
ASPH overexpression. The overexpression of ASPH led to an upregulation of the expression of SHH
signaling elements GLI2 and SUFU. The results of in vivo experiments with a lung metastasis model
in nude mice with ICC cell line RBE are consistent with these results.

Conclusion:

ASPH accelerated metastasis of ICC cells by facilitating EMT via a GSK-3β/SHH/GLI2
axis-dependent manner, in which phosphorylation of GSK-3β was downregulated and the SHH signaling
pathway was activated.
Preparation and Evaluation of Liposomes Containing Ethanol and Propylene
Glycol as Carriers for Nicotine
Authors: Wang Hui , Shao Qing , Zhang Yan , Ding Jing , Yang Miaomiao , Yang Liu , Wang Wenjie , Cui Pengfei , Dai Zunxiao , Ma Li
Published: May 2023

Background:

Nicotine is a fat-soluble substance that is easily absorbed through the skin and
mucosal tissues of the human body. However, its properties, such as light exposure, heat decomposition,
and volatilization, restrict its development and application in external preparations.

Objective:

This study focused on the preparation of stable nicotine-encapsulated ethosomes.

Methods:

During their preparation, two water-phase miscible osmotic promoters, ethanol and propylene
glycol (PG), were added to obtain a stable transdermal delivery system. Skin nicotine delivery was enhanced
through the synergistic action of osmotic promoters and phosphatidylcholine in binary
ethosomes. Various characteristics of the binary ethosomes were measured, including the vesicle size,
particle size distribution, and zeta potential. In order to optimize the ratio of ethanol and PG, the skin
permeability test was performed on mice in vitro in a Franz diffusion cell to compare cumulative skin
permeabilities. The penetration depth and fluorescence intensity of rhodamine-B-entrapped vesicles in
isolated mouse skin samples were observed using laser confocal scanning microscopy.

Results:

When ethanol:PG was used in a ratio of 5:5 (w/w), binary ethosomes were found to be the
most stable, had the highest encapsulation rate (86.13 ± 1.40), smallest particle size (106.0 ± 11.0) nm,
maximum transdermal depth (180 μm), and maximum fluorescence intensity (160 AU). Nicotineencapsulated
ethosomes (ethanol: PG = 5:5, w/w) were an efficient and stable transdermal delivery
system.

Conclusion:

The nicotine-encapsulated ethosomes containing ethanol and PG are considered to be safe
and reliable as a transdermal administration agent, which does not irritate the skin.
Formulation, Preparation, and Evaluation of Bifunctional Micelle
with Glycyrrhizic Acid Containing Emodin for Toxicity Attenuation
Application
Authors: Wang Qixiao , Gu Chenlu , Adu-Frimpong Michael , Xu Qiumin , Chi Hao , Li Xiu , Chingozho Clayton Takura , Meng Deerdi , Fu Haizhen , Tong Shanshan , Xu Ximing
Published: May 2023

Objective:

To prepare GA-Emo micelles and investigate the feasibility of using GA as both a
bifunctional drug and carrier.

Methods:

The preparation of GA-Emo micelles was accomplished via the thin-film dispersion method
with GA as the carrier. Size distribution, entrapment efficiency, and drug loading were used to evaluate
the characteristics of micelles. The absorption and transport properties of the micelles in Caco-2 cells
were investigated, while their pharmacodynamics in mice were preliminarily studied.

Results:

The optimal formulation featured a GA/Emo in weight ratio of 2:1 and an encapsulation efficiency
of 23.68%. The optimized GA/Emo was characterized as small uniform spheres with an average
micellar size of 168.64 ± 5.69 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.17 ± 0.01, and an electrically negative
surface (−35.33 ± 0.94 mV). Absorption and transport experiments with Caco-2 cells showed that the
absorption of GA-Emo micelles in small intestines was mainly passive transport, amid their transport
volume being significantly higher than that of Emo monomer. The intestinal wall thickness of the GAEmo
micelles group was significantly lower than that of the Emo group, which meant that the colonic
toxicity of the micelles was lower than unincorporated Emo.

Conclusion:

The advantages of GA as a bifunctional micelle carrier in formulation characters, drug
release, and toxicity attenuation provide a new idea for the application of the GA of natural medicine in
drug delivery for toxicity reduction.
Clinical Efficacy of Vaccaria segetalis Seeds and Gleditsia sinensis Lam Thorns on Prostate Cancer: A Preliminary Mechanism Analysis based on Network Pharmacology
Authors: Huang Hsiu-Hsien , Li Qiao-Feng , Zhang Lei , Wu Cheng-Yu
Published: May 2023

Objective:

The mechanism of Vaccaria segetalis (VS) seeds and Gleditsia sinensis Lam (GS)
thorns in the treatment of prostate cancer (PC) was analyzed via network pharmacological analysis
methods and molecular docking.

Methods:

The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database Platform (TCMSP) was
used to screen the PC’s effective components and targets; GeneCards and OMIM databases to search for
targets related to PC. The intersection target was uploaded to the STRING database to obtain a proteinprotein
interaction (PPI) network; and the key targets were screened from the PPI network via R language,
CytoNCA, and CytoHubba tools. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome
(KEGG) pathway enrichment tools were used to analyze biological processes and molecular docking
of key targets via AutoDock Vina software.

Results:

A total of 13 compounds, 229 nodes, 879 edges, and 20 key targets were obtained through the
PPI network. Go and KEGG analysis showed that the intersection targets of VS and GS with PC were
mainly involved in regulating cell promotion, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and reversing epithelialmesenchymal
transition (EMT) processing. Molecular docking revealed that the relevant targets of potential
PC were characterized with stabilized affinity. Specifically, the targets with better affinity included
estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) with kaempferol, transcription factor p65 (RELA) with fisetin, kaempferol,
quercetin, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) with fisetin, and G1/S-specific cyclin-D1
(CCND1) with fisetin, kaempferol, and quercetin.

Conclusion:

In summary, this study reveals potential molecular therapeutic mechanisms of VS and GS in
PC and provides a reference for the wide application of VS and GS in the clinical management of PC.
Methods of Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Potential of Herbal
Silver Nanoparticles: A Review
Authors: Chaudhary Devendar , Deep Aakash , Bansal Nitin , Rani Neeraj
Published: May 2023

Cancer is a major cause of death for a huge amount of the population. A large population
is suffering from this chronic disease, and various treatments and therapies are developed for the diagnosis
of cancer. This review paper focuses on one of the treatments for cancer diagnosis, i.e., herbal
silver nanoparticles. Herbal silver nanoparticles are plant-based materials with very less and minimum
adverse effects of metals. Metal ions are reduced and stabilized by plant-based reducing and
stabilizing agents. Nanoparticles are synthesized by physical, chemical and biological methods. Biological
methods have very less toxic and have minimum side effects on the environment. Characterization
of synthesized nanoparticles is performed by various techniques like SEM, TEM, UV visible
spectroscopy and FTIR. However, full profile characterization of nanoparticles is still a challenge for
researchers. Herbal silver nanoparticles have many therapeutic activities like antioxidant, antibacterial
and various others, but this review paper has a focus on anticancer evaluation. Herbal silver nanoparticles
are reported for their anticancer activities on a large scale. In this review article, we will
discuss the methods of synthesis, characterization and anticancer potential of herbal silver nanoparticles.
Low Lactose Yogurt with Blueberry Jam: Development and Sensory Acceptance
Authors: de Oliveira Kelly Silva Degani , Teixeira Liliane Martins , Borba Carina Molins , Contessa Camila Ramão , Burkert Carlos André Veiga , de Medeiros Burkert Janaína Fernandes
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

The lactose-intolerant public represents an important portion of the population;
however, the diversification of products that serve this population is still very limited.

Objective:

In this bias, this study aimed to develop a low-lactose yogurt added with blueberry jelly,
combining sensory and functional characteristics of the fruit.

Methods:

Different concentrations of β-galactosidase were evaluated in the fermentations, in addition
to four formulations of blueberry jelly that were sensorially tested for preference, a formulation
was selected and its global acceptance and purchase intent were verified.

Results:

The use of 1.5 g L- 1 of β-galactosidase allowed for a more significant reduction of lactose
during the fermentation process. Of the four jelly formulations tested, the whole fruit was
sensory preferred, and the low-lactose two-layer yogurt showed 86% acceptance and 74% purchase
intention.

Conclusion:

It was possible to develop a product with low lactose content and sensorially pleasant
to the consumer.
Risk of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases with Antiarrhythmic Drugs in
Arrhythmia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lin Jiun-Jie , Chen Hung-Yi , Lin Mei-Chen , Hsu Chung-Y.
Published: May 2023

Aim:

The risk factors for systemic autoimmune disease (SAD)s with antiarrhythmic drug(AAD)s in arrhythmia patients are still unclear. This study was discussed this risk factors for SADs with AADs in arrhythmia patients.

Methods:

This study was a retrospective cohort design and analyzed this relationship in an Asian population. Patients without a prior diagnosis of SADs were identified from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2013. Cox regression models were estimated the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval [CI] of SAD.

Results:

We estimated the data of participants aged ≧ 20 or ≦ 100 years old and free of SADs at baseline. AAD users (n = 138376) had a significantly increased risk of SADs over non-AAD users. There was a significant higher risk of developing SADs in all age and sex categories. The patients who received AADs, the autoimmune disease with the significantly higher risk was systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.53, 95%CI, 1.04-2.26), Sjögren syndrome (SjS) (adjusted HR [aHR] 2.06, 95%CI, 1.59-2.66) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (aHR, 1.57, 95%CI, 1.26-1.94).

Conclusion:

We concluded that there were statistical associations between AADs and SADs, and the higher incidence was SLE, SjS and RA in arrhythmia patients.
Cyclization of 2-Aminopyridines as Binucleophile and Mucobromic Acid
as C3 Synthon: A New Access to Imidazo[1,2-a]Pyridines
Authors: Chen Qi , Li Huan-Qing , Chen Zhao-Hua , Chen Zu-Jia , Yang Kai , Zhang You-Cai , Wang Zhao-Yang
Published: May 2023

For the first time, we have developed a strategy that provides an access to imidazo[
1,2-a] pyridines via the cyclization of 2-aminopyridine with mucobromic acid as C3
synthon. In the combination with theoretical calculation, the reaction mechanism is proposed.

Background:

2-Aminopyridines are the typical pyridine α-site derivatives, which have received
growing interest in using as a kind of synthons in organic synthesis and drug synthesis because
of their special binucleophilic framework.

Methods:

All these obtained compounds were characterized by NMR. Among them, 3a was
characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. All the theoretical calculation works were performed
by Gaussian software.

Results:

A series of the desired compounds can be synthesized at room temperature via a mild
procedure under the promotion of simple inorganic base K2CO3.

Conclusion:

This mild strategy fits the concept of green chemistry, providing a novel idea for
the construction of nitrogen-containing polyheterocyclic compounds.
EEG Brain Signal Processing for Epilepsy Detection
Authors: Jain Shruti , Paul Sudip , Sharma Kshitij
Published: May 2023

Background:

Millions of neurons make up the human brain, and they play an important role in controlling the body's response to internal and external motor and sensory stimuli. These neurons can function as contact conduits between the human body and the brain. Analyzing brain signals or photographs will help one better understand cognitive function. These states are linked to a particular signal frequency that aids in the comprehension of how a complex brain system works.

Objective:

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a useful method for locating brain waves associated with different countries on the scalp. Epilepsy is a condition where the brain or some part of it is overactive and sends too many signals. This results in seizures causing muscles to twitch or whole-body convulsions.

Methods:

In this paper, the author has designed a model to predict epilepsy using machine learning algorithms and deep learning models. For the machine learning algorithm, different features were extracted and a particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to select the best feature which was classified using wavelet transform.Vgg16, Vgg19, and Inception V3 models are used for the detection of epilepsy.

Results:

The inception V3 model results in 97.87% accuracy which is better than all other techniques. 5.1% accuracy improvement has been observed using a machine learning algorithm. The model is compared using existing work and it has been observed that the proposed model results better.

Conclusion:

The technique for modeling EEG signals and insight brain signals recorded during surgical procedures has been identified in detail. 0.7% and 0.13% accuracy improvement were achieved when the model is validated on Kaggle and CHB-MIT datasets respectively.
Tegoprazan as a New Remedy for Gastrointestinal Diseases in Comparison
with its Therapeutic Predecessors: A Mini-Review
Authors: Anik Asif Hossain , Proma Farhana Alam , Saha Pranoy , Sarker Sabarni
Published: May 2023

Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs), such as tegoprazan, are a new and diverse
class of drugs that can completely block the potassium-binding site of gastric H+/K+
ATPase, potentially overcoming the limitations of proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). A number of
studies have compared the effectiveness as well as the safety profile of tegoprazan to PPIs and
other P-CABs for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The current review study evaluates the
published works of literature related to clinical pharmacology and clinical trials of tegoprazan for
the treatment of diseases related to the gastrointestinal tract. According to the publications included
in the study, tegoprazan was found to be safe and well-tolerated and can be used to treat a
group of gastrointestinal diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), non-erosive
reflux disease (NERD), and H. pylori combination therapy.
Hydrogenation Influences the Created Giant Dielectric Behaviors of
(Bi+W) Codoped Anatase TiO2
Authors: Dakhel A.A.
Published: May 2023

Introductions:

TiO2 nanoparticles ceramic (NPs) codoped with Bi and W ions have
been synthesized by a hydrothermal technique. A portion of the prepared ceramic was posthydrogenated.
Ceramic NPs were characterized by traditional methods. Crystalline structures and
optical properties were investigated using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and diffuse reflection spectroscopy,
respectively.

Methods:

The present work has focused on the creation of a colossal (giant) dielectric permittivity
(GP) behavior with the TiO2 host NCs through the Bi/W codoping to construct electronic core/shell
structures. In addition, the influence of post-hydrogenation on the created GP was also examined.

Results:

It was found a high permittivity of 3.69×104 at 1 kHz, which was reduced to 3.29×104
by the hydrogenation of the sample. This is attributed to the densification of the itinerant electrons
by the effect of the catalytic power of the doping W5+ ions to dissociate the adsorbed H2.

Conclusion:

The present values of GP are much higher than the permittivity of the pure TiO2 and
the Bi-doped TiO2 ceramic, which was attributed to the construction of core/shell electronics structures.
As a result, the doping process has been studied in detail in relation to scientific expectations.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN MEKANIK PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE BERBASIS PATI SINGKONG DENGAN PENAMBAHAN WHEY KEJU DAN PLASTISISER GLISEROL
Authors: Dwi Masahid Ardiyan , Aniza Aprillia Nur , Witono Yuli , Azkiyah Lailatul
Published: May 2023

Plastik merupakan kemasan pangan yang umum digunakan namun memiliki sifat sukar dihancurkan sehingga menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan dan masalah kesehatan. Plastik biodegradable berbasis renewable material seperti singkong, whey keju, dan gliserol dapat menjadi alternatif kemasan yang ramah lingkungan. Whey keju mengandung protein sebesar 0,6 % yang berpotensi menjadi bahan bioplastik dengan penambahan bahan lain seperti hidrokoloid (protein dan polisakarida) untuk memperbaiki karakteristiknya. Plastik biodegradable berbahan baku polisakarida tanaman seperti ubi kayu umumnya bersifat kaku dan rapuh sehingga harus ditambahkan bahan lain. Pembuatan plastik biodegradable memerlukan bahan pemlastis seperti gliserol untuk meningkatkan elastisitas polimer plastik dan mengurangi kerapuhan bioplastik. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan variasi volume whey keju dan gliserol terhadap karakteristik fisik, mekanik, dan biodegradasi plastik biodegradable. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 ulangan dan terdapat 2 faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama yaitu variasi volume whey keju dan faktor kedua yaitu variasi volume gliserol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa variasi volume whey keju dan gliserol berpengaruh nyata terhadap kuat tarik, elongasi, elastisitas, daya serap air, dan daya degradasi. Hasil uji efektivitas menunjukkan bahwa formulasi terbaik terdapat pada sampel A1B1 yaitu plastik biodegradable dengan formulasi whey keju 20 ml dan gliserol sebesar 5 ml dengan nilai perbedaan warna (∆E) 15,526 dengan L* (lightness) 85,68, a* (redness) 0,2, b* (yellowness) 8,71, daya serap air sebesar 695,244 %, kuat tarik sebesar 0,00646 MPa, elongasi sebesar 76,36 %, elastisitas sebesar 0,01033 MPa, dan laju degradasi sebesar 12,035 %/hari.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK MINUMAN JELI DENGAN PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI KARAGENAN, GLUKOMANAN, DAN TEPUNG PISANG TERFERMENTASI
Authors: Mufarrihah Octaviyana Hanim , Dwi Masahid Ardiyan , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Rian Fauziah Riska
Published: May 2023

Tepung pisang mentah (TPM) merupakan salah satu bahan pangan sumber pati resistan, namun memiliki rasa astringent sehingga kurang diminati untuk dikonsumsi. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi rasa tersebut yaitu fermentasi. Selain itu fermentasi juga dapat meningkatkan jumlah kadar pati resistan pada TPM. TPM terfermentasi dapat disubstitusikan ke produk minuman jeli sebagai bentuk diversifikasi produk dan meningkatkan mutunya. Faktor yang menentukan mutu produk minuman jeli yaitu komposisi dan konsentrasi gelling agents serta bahan lain yang ditambahkan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi karagenan, glukomanan, dan TPM terfermentasi terhadap karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan organoleptik minuman jeli yang dihasilkan dan menentukan formulasi terbaik minuman jeli yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Faktor yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu variasi perbandingan rasio karagenan dan glukomanan sebagai gelling agents (1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:0) (b/b) dan variasi konsentrasi TPM terfermentasi yang ditambahkan dalam pembuatan minuman jeli (2%, 4%, 6%) dengan total kombinasi perlakuan sebanyak 12 perlakuan dan setiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan perbedaan konsentrasi karagenan, glukomanan, dan TPM terfermentasi dalam pembuatan minuman jeli berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai sineresis; hardness; cohesiveness; springiness; kadar pati resistan; dan parameter organoleptik warna; tekstur; keseluruhan, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap organoleptik aroma; rasa dan total populasi Lactobacillus bulgaricus pada minuman jeli. Perlakuan formulasi terbaik berdasarkan uji efektivitas yaitu perlakuan K1T3 yang terdiri dari konsentrasi TPM terfermentasi 6% dan rasio karagenan glukomanan sebagai gelling agents 1:1.
MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF PECTIN FROM BABY JAVA ORANGE (Citrus sinensis) PEEL AND ITS CHARACTERISATION
Authors: Wijana Susinggih , Lailatul Rahmah Nur , Insyirah Fadhilah Siti
Published: May 2023

Baby java orange (Citrus sinensis) is the main ingredient for various products. Pectin as a baby java orange peel substance is extracted using various methods. Microwave-assisted extraction is a method that uses heat energy dissipated by the volume setting from the transmitting medium. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of orange peel powder: acid solution ratio (1:10, 1:15, 1:20 b/v) and extraction time (5, 10, 20 min) on characteristics of extracted pectin by using MAE (Microwave-Assisted Extraction) at 2.450 MHz. The best result was a 15-minute extraction time and 1:15 as the material: acid solution ratio. The treatment resulted in a 51.3% yield, 10.8% water content, 5% ash content, 775.41 equivalent weight, and 6.49 methoxyl content. The intense FTIR spectrum in the ―CO―CH3 and ―COOH groups showed the same result as the standardised pectin.
Dejudicialisation of International Law and Future Trajectories
Authors: Acar Emre
Published: May 2023

Recent developments at the international level reveal that there is an increasing number of political resistances against international courts and tribunals as part of wide criticism of the basic principles of international law such as the rule of law, global governance, multilateralism and democratic liberalism. In this respect, the future and impact of the judicialisation of international law, which refers to the uneven increase in the jurisdiction and judicial activity of international courts, are questioned. Similarly, whether dejudicialisation which expresses the removal of the international courts’ power as a reverse movement, constitutes a new trend and will continue increasingly in the future has become relevant. There are certain assertions to defend the existence of international courts and the continuation of judicialisation –albeit at a slower pace– in the future despite the increasing incidence of dejudicialisation. Examples of extraordinary resistance which can trigger the dejudicialisation process are still exceptional and cannot completely eliminate judicialisation in current conditions. This argument has been reached by examining three recent backlash examples, including the withdrawals from the International Criminal Court (ICC), the paralysis of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Appellate Body, and the limitation of the jurisdiction of the South African Development Community Tribunal(SADC) Tribunal. Clearly, the displacement of international courts, which have become inseparable actors of international law, cannot be achieved by a few examples of extraordinary resistance, both in the present and in the near future.
Desafíos para la inclusión estratégica de equipos caninos en seguridad y defensa en Colombia
Authors: Reátiga-Rincón Omar Edgardo , Rojas-Guevara Jorge Ulises , Prada-Tiedemann Paola A. , Ochoa-Torres Martha Ximena
Published: May 2023

Con el objetivo de proponer acciones interinstitucionales para involucrar a los equipos caninos en la seguridad y la defensa en Colombia, este artículo realizó una revisión de la literatura entre 2010 y 2020 para identificar el modelo de seguridad multidimensional y el empleo de equipos caninos. Como resultado, se evidencia su empleo en diversas tareas, pero aún falta su inclusión estratégica en la protección del medioambiente, las ciencias forenses y la investigación criminal, entre otras áreas. Para ello, se proponen lineamientos para avanzar en ello con base en la Política de Defensa y Seguridad. Se requiere fortalecer los procesos de selección, adiestramiento, certificación y rendimiento, con el fin de rediseñar los protocolos, estándares y funciones para el uso de equipos caninos en operaciones coordinadas entre diversas fuerzas.
Participación política y sistemas electorales: el caso de Colombia, Argentina y México, 1910-1917
Authors: Paez-Ramirez Daniel Felipe , Domínguez-Mosquera Héctor Antonio , Sierra-Zamora Paola Alexandra , Castaño-Bedoya Alejandro
Published: May 2023

Entre 1910-1917, diversos procesos antagónicos, representados en posturas políticas-ideológicas, configuraron los sistemas electorales y de participación política en Colombia, México y Argentina. En este artículo, se describen los contextos de desenvolvimiento de los sistemas electorales y de derechos y libertades en estos países, conforme a dos posturas políticas e ideológicas. En ese sentido, se presentan las tensiones de poder entre una visión de Estado liberal, que privilegia libertades y derechos individuales, y la perspectiva del Estado unitario y centralista, que suprime todo tipo de expresión diferente al orden establecido.
The influence of environment and mathematical learning styles on students' GPA through independent learning as an intervening variable
Authors: Ekowati Christine Krisnandari , Madu Aleksius , Nenohai Juliana MH , Wangge Magdalena
Published: May 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect directly or indirectly between learning styles and the learning environment through independent learning on students' cumulative grade point average in the Mathematics Education Study Program, FKIP Undana. The type of research is quantitative research, with the research population being all active students in the Mathematics Education Study Program. The sample taken was 95 people. The samples were based on the Slovin formula with an error of 5%. Data was collected through questionnaires regarding the learning environment, learning styles, learning independence, and GPA. The data collected was then analyzed by path analysis. From the results of the data analysis, it was concluded that 1) there is a significant direct effect between learning styles on student learning independence; 2) there is a significant direct effect between the learning environment on student learning independence; 3) there is no significant direct effect between learning styles on students' GPA; 4) there is a significant direct effect between the learning environment on the student's GPA; 5) there is a significant direct effect between learning independence on the student GPA; 6) there is a significant direct effect between learning styles through independent learning on the student's GPA; 7) there is a significant direct effect between the learning environment through independent learning on the student's GPA. Overall, it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between the environment and learning styles through independent learning on student GPA.
The ability of Junior High School mathematics teachers writing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions
Authors: Hamdi Syukrul , Kartowagiran Badrun , Istiyono Edi , Rahman Hadi Nur
Published: May 2023

This study is a survey research with a cross sectional survey design, which aims to describe the ability of junior high school mathematics teachers in writing HOTS items. The population of this study was junior high school mathematics teachers in Sleman Regency, while the sample was 21 teachers determined by non-stratified random sampling. The sample teachers came from 11 schools totaling 21 teachers.  Each teacher created three HOTS items along with their grids. The question items made by the sample teachers were descriptive questions. The question items that had been prepared were then reviewed by two mathematics teachers from leading junior high schools in Yogyakarta. The next stage after validation is the trial. The number of respondents used was 263 students for testing teacher-made questions, namely 127 students in class VIII and 136 students in class VII. The results showed that the quality of the questions produced by the teacher based on the reliability estimation results obtained an estimate of 0.635 for class VII and 0.416 for class VIII. Likewise, the resulting differentiating power is less than 50% of the questions made by teachers who have differentiating power in the good, good, and very good categories. Factors that cause this include the lack of experience of teachers in writing HOTS questions. This is a special note to familiarize teachers with using HOTS questions in daily tests, UTS, and UAS proportionally so that the experience and ability of teachers to write HOTS questions increases.
A Job analysis of Hospital Midwives: A DACUM Analysis
Authors: Kim Yunmi , Lee Sunok , Park Jummi , Lee Sunhee , An Miyoung , Kim Buyoun
Published: May 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the tasks of midwives who lead natural childbirth in hospitals using the DACUM technique.Methods: Data were collected from 42 hospital midwives between August 23 to October 12, 2022, and the importance, frequency, and professional difficulty of hospital midwives' tasks were assessed. The collected data were analysed using the IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 22.0 program as the average and standard deviation for the importance, difficulty, and frequency of performance the analyzed tasks. The importance, difficulty, and frequency of performance each task were indicated as high, medium, or low,; furthermore, the importance and difficulty were multiplied and analyzed using the coefficient of determination.Result: Midwives’ tasks in natural childbirth in hospitals were classified into 8 duties, 138 tasks, and 49 task elements. Duties were classified into ‘before childbirth,’ ‘during childbirth,’ ‘after childbirth,’ ‘management of high-risk pregnant women,’ ‘goods management,’ ‘administrative work,’ ‘self-development,’ and ‘newborn care.’ The most important and difficult tasks with the highest coefficient of determination were performing neonatal resuscitation if necessary (11.25), transporting and managing emergency patients (10.46), requesting hospitals to transfer patients in case of emergency (10.43), and transferring patients to a tertiary hospital in case of maternal of neonatal emergency (10.30).Conclusion: In this novel study in Korea, the role of a midwife in a hospital for natural childbirth were defined, and task according to duties were analyzed.
Effect of partial replacement of Dichanthium spp. hay with Guazuma ulmifolia foliage on hair lambs’ intake, digestibility, and blood metabolites
Authors: Sandoval-Lozano Edwin , Cediel-Devia Diana , Castañeda-Serrano Román
Published: May 2023

Extensive livestock management is a common practice in the dry tropics. However, summer conditions can cause high fiber and low protein concentrations, even in grasses adapted to tropical soils, such as Angleton (Dichanthium spp.), widely used in producing small ruminants. On the other hand, Guacimo (Guazuma ulmifolia) is a tree that overcomes high temperatures and hydric stress. This research evaluated the effect of replacing Angleton with four foliage levels of Guacimo on hair lambs’ intake, digestibility, and blood metabolites. Twelve male hair lambs with an average of 22.0 ± 1.3 kg of body weight were used in an experimental 4 × 4 square design. Treatments were as follows: 100 % Angleton hay; 85 % Angleton hay + 15 % Guacimo foliage; 70 % Angleton hay + 30 % Guacimo foliage, and 55 % Angleton hay + 45 % Guacimo foliage. Dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake, as well as CP digestibility and glucose concentrations, increased linearly as the level of Guacimo rose (P > 0.05). Guacimo foliage improves intake, blood metabolites, and in vivo digestibility of DM and can be used to replace part of the hay in lamb rations.
Efficacy and Safety Outcomes of High-Dose Corticosteroid Use in Severe to Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Nationwide Population-Based Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Raeseok , Lee Dong-Gun , Cho Sung-Yeon , Nho Dukhee
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

Systemic corticosteroids have become the standard of care for severe to critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the real-world efficacy and safety outcomes associated with a higher dose of corticosteroids remain uncertain.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to identify the real-world efficacy and safety outcomes associated with a higher dose of corticosteroids for severe to critically ill patients with COVID-19.

METHODS

We conducted a nationwide, population-based, matched cohort study of severe to critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 between January 2020 and June 2021 in Korea using the National Health Information Database. Patients using systemic corticosteroids were included, and high-dose corticosteroid use was defined as a daily mean prescribed dose of more than 6 mg of dexamethasone. Overall mortality and risk of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) according to corticosteroid dose were examined.

RESULTS

During the study period, 102,304 patients were screened, 5,754 met the eligibility criteria, and 2,138 were successfully matched. The mean prescribed daily dose was 4.2 mg and 13.4 mg in the standard- and high-dose groups, respectively, and the mean duration of use was not different between the groups. High-dose corticosteroid use increased all-cause mortality at 28 days (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25–1.76) and 90 days (aHR, 1.63; CI, 1.44-1.85) after admission. Subgroup analysis revealed a statistically significant elevation in the risk of mortality among patients who exclusively relied on either a low-flow or high-flow nasal cannula, with aHR of 1.41 (95% CI: 1.10-1.81) and 1.46 (95% CI: 1.09-1.95) respectively. No significant impact of high-dose steroids was observed, even in patients who underwent mechanical ventilation at 28 days (aHR, 1.17; CI, 0.79-1.72). As a safety outcome, high-dose corticosteroid use showed a notable association with the development of CAPA (aHR, 2.97; 95% CI, 0.94–9.43).

CONCLUSIONS

Among severe to critically ill patients with COVID-19, high-dose corticosteroid use resulted in increased 28-day all-cause mortality and also showed a strong association with the development of CAPA.
Application of Hildebrand Solubility Parameter to Identify Ethanol-Free Co-Solvent for Pediatric Formulation
Authors: Laksitorini Marlyn D , Purnomo Hari
Published: May 2023

Formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients into liquid dosage form is frequently limited by solubility issues. Ethanol is commonly used as a cosolvent to improve the solubility of drugs. Due to the incomplete expression of ethanol metabolizing enzyme in children under 6 years, several drug authorities such as WHO, EMA, and FDA recommend avoiding the use of ethanol in pediatric formulation whenever possible. In addition to that Muslim consumers are regulated by the halal practice where excessive use of ethanol in pharmaceutical products should be avoided. Thus, it is necessary to explore an alternative co-solvent to reduce the use of ethanol in the pediatric formulation. This study is aimed to identify an alternative co-solvent to ethanol that is safe for the pediatric using Hildebrand Solubility Parameter approach.

In this study, the solubility parameter of the model drug, MH2011, was determined using Hildebrand Solubility Parameter (HSP). The solubility parameter (δ) of MH2011 was determined using two approaches. The first method is by measuring the maximum solubility of the model drugs in the binary mixture of water and 1,4 dioxane. The second approach is by calculating solubility parameters based on Fedor’s group substitution method.

Using binary solvent blend, the MH2011 solubility parameter was identified to be approximately 14.0 (cal/cm3 )½. This value is in agreement with the result of the second approach using Fedor’s Group substitution method which is 14. 4 (cal/cm3) ½. With this data, an alternate co-solvent to substitute ethanol was explored. The studies also suggested that propylene glycol 7% v/v may give solubility power as those of ethanol 7% (v/v). This study suggested that Hildebrand’s Solubility Parameter can be applied to identify an alternate co-solvent to ethanol. This cosolvent is important for the research area where the alcohol-free formulation is preferred such as in halal pharmaceuticals and pediatric liquid formulation.
Ecological Discourse Analysis of Environmental News Reports: A Case Study of China Daily (2022)
Authors: Zhou Min
Published: May 2023

As an emerging discipline, ecolinguistics has been of considerable interest to scholars at home and abroad in different fields, with the deterioration of global ecological situation and the improvement of people’s ecological awareness. Ecolinguistics should be concerned not only with the studies on the relationship among human, nature and society, but also with the studies on the language itself, such as sound, form and meaning. Therefore, taking as a theoretical framework attitude system, a subsystem of Appraisal Theory, this paper will analyze how the attitudinal resources are distributed and then reveal the ecological meaning and the hidden ideology embodied in news reports as well as explore how environmental news reports affect human ecological awareness and the ecological environment in terms of environmental news reports selectively collected from China Daily in 2022.
Gender Oppression and the Consequent Madness in Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea
Authors: Gogoi Iypshita
Published: May 2023

Jean Rhys, through her ground breaking novel, Wide Sargasso Sea, portrays the journey of a French Creole woman Antoinette from a troubled childhood to her eventual culmination into madness. This novel is a prequel to Charlotte Bronte’s novel Jane Eyre and was published in England in 1966. Jean Rhys’s protagonist Antoinette is the representation of the character “Bertha” in the novel Jane Eyre. Through this novel, Jean has given Bronte’s “Bertha” a chance to tell her side of the story of how she ended up in the attic alone and mad which finally ended up in her demise. Madness is an inherent theme which plays an important role and also acts as a consequence of gender oppression. This paper intends to study the inherent gender oppression that the protagonist Antoinette faces from her husband and the consequent madness that follows from this oppression in Jean Rhys' novel Wide Sargasso Sea. Through a detailed analysis this paper tries to investigate how Antoinette’s husband Mr. Rochester, by his patriarchal male supremacy and domination, oppressed Antoinette to the point that she not only lost her identity but also slipped into madness. The main motive of this paper is to show how Antoinette’s culmination into madness is not just a result of mental illness but also the result of long repressed scars of her traumatic upbringing which are exacerbated by her husband's rejection and cruel behaviour of her which completely erodes her self-esteem ultimately culminating into madness. This paper attempts to prove that Antoinette's abusive patriarchal husband drives her "mad" on purpose and his view of Antoinette as "mad" is the result of her not living up to his Victorian standards of restrained sexuality.