bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D-MODELLING OF THE AIRCRAFT ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS USING COMPAS-3D. AIRCRAFT STRENGTH ASSEMBLIES AND PARTS (HOLDERS) DRAWINGS DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY
Authors: Anamova R. R. , Leonova S. A. , Khvesyuk T. M.
Published: January 2021

It is obvious that the fundamental knowledge of the general technical discipline “Engineering graphics” should be in combination with a practical course of computer graphics, which allows students to integrate into the aviation products development system at the contemporary level. The article highlighted the need of design teaching at the initial stage of engineering and computer graphics study process. A drawing methodology includes 3D-modeling in a computer aided design program named COMPAS-3D. It is described a specific example of the mechanical part (aviation detail's elements – holders) with complex shape modeling algorithm in the application to the manufacturing technology of real products (casting, stamping, mechanical processing). Drawings development is based on 3D-modeling in COMPAS-3D. Proposed methodology was tested during engineering and computer graphics lessons in Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University).
INCREASE OF CORROSION RESISTANCE OF METAL ELEMENTS IN CARBONPLASTICS
Authors: Zlobina I. V. , Bekrenev N. V. , Katsuba I. S.
Published: January 2021

The use of carbon fiber elements in contact with metal elements and structures in a number of industries, including the aircraft industry, makes it necessary to study their mutual influence. In particular, it is of interest to develop and search for processes that can increase the corrosion resistance of metals in contact with carbon fiber, which is due to the properties of carbon fibers that contribute to the nucleation and development of corrosion. This process proceeds more intensively under the influence of climatic factors. In this regard, it is of interest to determine the efficiency of modification of carbon fiber samples in a microwave electromagnetic field, which affects the structure of the binder and, as a consequence, the ability of the material to absorb moisture.
FEATURES OF HIGH-SPEED THE SUPER-FINISHING DISCS CERAMIC
Authors: Yuriev V. G. , Zubarev Yu. M.
Published: January 2021

The possibility of providing high performance of super-finishing of ceramics based on the analysis of the processes of super-finishing of metal products is proved. For conducting experimental studies, a special installation has been developed, including a sharpening machine and a device for superfinishing. For such processing conditions, the necessity of using a low-rigidity technological system is justified. Discs made of ceramic materials of various machinability with diamond bars were super-finished at a cutting speed of up to 9.1 m/s and a clamping force of up to 90 N. Experimental data on the change in the value of cut allowance on the duration of treatment, the impact speed super-finishing of ceramic disks and grit sizes of diamond bars on the magnitude and rate of stock removal, roughness and waviness of machined surfaces and consumption of the tool. The results of super finishing of ceramic materials with processing of metal products are compared.
METHODS FOR FORMING MULTI-LAYER WEAR-RESISTANT COATINGS ON THE CUTTING SURFACE OF A METAL WORKING TOOL
Authors: Zubarev Yu. M. , Afanasenkov M. A.
Published: January 2021

Improving the performance of metal-cutting tools, i.e. their wear resistance in a wide range of technological cutting modes, when processing various hard-to-process steels and alloys is an urgent task of modern machine-building production. The efficiency of blade processing at the present stage of development of mechanical engineering depends to a large extent on the performance of the cutting tool, which is primarily determined by the combination of physical and mechanical properties of the tool material-hardness, strength wear resistance, etc. however, obtaining the optimal combination of these properties in the volume of the cutting tool material presents significant difficulties. When solving the complex task of improving the quality and reliability of the cutting tool, it is of great importance to widely use various types of coatings on its cutting surface, which allow saving scarce materials and prolonging its service life, significantlyincreasing the performance of the tool. Improving the performance of tools is one of the main ways to improve the resource reliability of their operation. The main and most important performance indicators of tools are largely determined by the quality of their surface layers. Therefore, the formation of a high-quality surface layer on the surface of the cutting part of the tool and increasing wear resistance is the most effective means of improving its performance. This article discusses the main methods for improving the wear resistance of carbide cutting tools currently used, their evaluation and efficiency of use. The method of ionvacuum modification is proposed as the main method for improving the efficiency of the cutting tool.
DRIVES ALERT SYSTEM IN THE CONDITION OF INFORMATION SHORTAGE
Authors: Glukhikh R. S. , Grazhdantsev E. V. , Zeer V. A. , Rastovtsev P. A. , Martinov A. A.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of an accident analysis in the Russian Federation. Trends in reducing the number of accidents have been identified, but over the past 5 years the severity of their consequences has remained at a high level, despite the development of vehicles active and passive safety systems. A new accident prevention system is proposed by informing drivers about the occurrence of an emergency in conditions of insufficient and limited visibility, based on measuring the parameters of the vehicle movement in real time using GLONASS/GPS technologies.
METHOD OF PROCESSING EMPIRICAL DATA IN THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON THE SUPPLY OF TOOLS FOR THE FINAL PROCESSING OF STEEL AND CAST IRON WORKPIECES
Authors: Galkin M. G. , Smagin A. S.
Published: January 2021

When implementing a multi-variant design of the machining process, one of the important tasks is to select rational technological parameters at the final transitions of the shaping process that ensure the specified surface quality on the finished part made of the appropriate material. When modeling most of the design procedures at all stages of machining, there are problems associated with algorithmization of the solution method, adequate choice of the regression equation and the range of acceptable solutions at the specified processing stages. In this paper, as an algorithm for solving the problem, we propose the use of a wellknown method of rational planning of the experiment, which allows us to obtain a mathematical model of the multi-factor process under study. In the process of implementing this algorithm, based on a priori information, the object of research was selected, its factors and the main levels of change of these factors were established. Next, a two-factor experiment plan was implemented using a numeric array from the wellknown CoroKey catalog by SANDVIK Coromant. At the next step, the experimental data was processed using the existing method and on the basis of this information, private graphical dependencies of the studied parameter on the levels of factors were constructed. At the final stage, using the types of graphical dependencies, the regression equation of the investigated value of the cutting tool feed from two independent factors at three levels of each of them was formulated. To implement this algorithm, the least squares method was used, and the system of normal equations obtained on its basis. The proposed algorithm for obtaining the regression equation for solving problems in the field of machining production can be effectively used in computer-aided design systems for selecting technological parameters in the modes of processing parts with a blade tool, using numerical data from technological directories and catalogs of cutting tool manufacturers.
NON-DESTRUCTIVE APPROACH TO THE BOLT JOINTS QUALITY CONTROL
Authors: Mikhalevich N. V. , Plotnikova O. S.
Published: January 2021

Bolted connections are often used to connect structural elements in steel, wood and reinforced concrete structures. In structural inspecting, there is often no marking on bolted joints. So, it is necessary to determine the bolt strength to assess the bolt joint bearing capacity. The bolt strength can be determined by destructive and non-destructive methods. The article presents the experimental research to determine the bolt strength using the scratch method and compares the results with the destructive method (bolt breaking).
PUNCHING CUPS WITH BOTTOM FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTER-PUNCH. DETERMINATION OF THE DEFORMED STATE IN THE FIRST PERIPHERAL REGION OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A.
Published: January 2021

Using the theory of plastic flow according to the method of A. L. Vorontsov, the formulas are obtained that are necessary for calculating the accumulated deformations obtained in the process of extrusion with a counter-punch of the peripheral region adjacent to the formed wall of the product.
PUNCHING CUPS WITH BOTTOM FLANGE BY DIRECT EXTRUSION WITH COUNTER-PUNCH. DETERMINATION OF THE DEFORMED STATE IN THE SECOND PERIPHERAL REGION OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION
Authors: Vorontsov A. L. , Nikiforov I. A.
Published: January 2021

Using the theory of plastic flow according to the method of A. L. Vorontsov, formulas are obtained that are necessary for calculating the accumulated deformations obtained by extruding with a counter-punch a peripheral region adjacent to a container with a matrix. The average accumulated deformation in both peripheral regions was determined.
TRACEABILITY OF AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS STATE IN REAL TIME
Authors: Buryak Yu. I. , Lyubovnikov M. P.
Published: January 2021

It is shown that the task of increasing the relevance, reliability and completeness of information on the technical condition of products must be solved within the framework of automation of data collection directly in the processes of the product life cycle. New approaches to the organization of information processes for tracking the technical condition of aircraft components (Aircraft) based on the widespread use of mobile computer devices, electronic workflow and automatic identification tools combined with the appropriate software components are proposed. Mathematical models and automated technology have been developed for organizing data collection and monitoring technical state parameters in real time. A software and hardware complex has been formed as a part of stationary and moving parts, which provides an increase in the reliability and efficiency of the technical parameters control of the aircraft components both within this stage and taking into account the previous stages of the life cycle. Examples of modeling and software implementation of automated technology for organizing data collection and monitoring the parameters of the technical condition in real time are given.
ALGORITHM FOR CALCULATING THE RECOMMENDED AUDIO COMMUNICATION SESSION DURATION IN A MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK
Authors: Polshchykov K. A. , Lazarev S. A. , Kiseleva E. D.
Published: January 2021

In the process of carrying out search and rescue operations and emergency response measures, organization of manpower and equipment management based on ensuring effective information exchange is of great importance. Moreover, tasks are often carried out in conditions of inoperative or absent telecommunication infrastructure and possible destructive external influences. In such situations, for the transfer of information, it is preferable to deploy a mobile ad hoc network, which has an arbitrary decentralized topology and is able to operate without base stations. In order to ensure the transmission of streaming data with the required quality in wireless packet-switched networks, various algorithms for the dynamic distribution and reservation of channel resources have been developed. However, insufficient attention has been paid to substantiating the duration of the transmission of streams of audio information in a mobile ad hoc network. The article presents the results of the development and research of an algorithm for obtaining the recommended duration of sessions for transmitting voice information streams to support decision-making to ensure the effectiveness of audio communications in a mobile ad hoc network. The recommended duration of the communication session depends on the limit number of packets in the audio stream, the calculation of which is based on the use of mathematical models to estimate the average volume of a multimedia message, the transmission of which can be carried out with the required quality for the given characteristics of the network. Implementation of the proposed algorithm will allow users of a mobile ad hoc network to receive messages about the recommended duration of audio communication sessions.
DATA IMPORT FROM CAD ALTIUM DESIGNER INTO SYSTEM ASONIKA-K-SCH FOR AUTOMATION RELIABILITY PREDICTION OF RADIO-ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
Authors: Zhadnov V. V. , Zotov A. N.
Published: January 2021

This article discusses problems of importing data from system of CAD (Computer-Aided Design) to dependability prediction software. Characteristics of dependability of electronic modules to a large extent define reliability of electronic equipment which contains them. Dependability of electronic modules is established on the early stages of engineering and is usually calculated by special software. Obviously, the dependability prediction result accuracy will depend on the quality and fullness of input data. Thus, the purpose of this study is to improve the accuracy of dependability prediction of electronic modules calculation results in dependability prediction software by automating the process of inputting data about electrical components and PCB’s (Printed Circuit Board) from CAD-system. The object of the study is typical information about electronic modules which is needed to calculate dependability on early stages of engineering with taking into account the probabilistic characteristics of the life components of its electronic components. The subject of the study are methods, models and algorithms applicable to the transferring data from CAD-system to dependability prediction software. Based on results of analysis of existing data transferring methods between software packages from different vendors, usage of Excel tables and customizable templates was justified. Practical implementation of this method was developed for Altium Designer and ASONIKA-K-SCh dependability prediction software package. An import program was developed which allowed to transfer data from Altium Designer to ASONIKA-K-SCh using Excel tables and customizable templates. The import program as integrated into ASONIKA-K-SCh software. Practical usage showed that it allowed not only to reduce laboriousness of PCB’s and electronical components’ data inputting, but also to reduce a great amount of possible mistakes.
ORGANIZATION OF A DECENTRALIZED AND ANONYMOUS MESH NETWORK
Authors: Abrarov R. R. , Burlakov M. E.
Published: January 2021

As part of this work, proposed the Mesh network architecture, which provides decentralization, security, anonymity and connection of devices without a dedicated router or Internet access. The nodes establish connections directly using Android P2P Wi-Fi technology, which complies with the Wi-Fi Direct standard. P2P Wi-Fi API organizes group communication and allows applications to connect to neighboring devices without the need for an Internet connection or access point. Despite the fact that in the Wi-Fi Direct standard there are no restrictions on connecting groups to each other, the Android Wi-Fi P2P API does not allow organize a connection between several groups. This is due to the fact that the IP addresses of owners of different groups in Wi-Fi Direct are always the same and unchanged. Communication between a P2P client and an inherited client that also owns another group is allowed in both directions. This provides connections between groups, where a P2P client acts as a proxy to access a neighboring group. Thus communication between nodes in a multigroup network is ensured through the use of transport layer tunnels installed in the logical topology and packet switching at the application level. When one or more nodes access the Internet, remote nodes outside the Wi-Fi coverage area communicate with the mesh through the application server. This architecture allows build a corporate, public or home network based on a wireless Mesh network, the nodes of which can be access points, computers and mobile devices of users.
ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF MULTI-AGENT REINFORCEMENT LEARNING PROBLEMS
Authors: Dubenko Yu. V.
Published: January 2021

This paper is devoted to the problem of collective artificial intelligence in solving problems by intelligent agents in external environments. The environments may be: fully or partially observable, deterministic or stochastic, static or dynamic, discrete or continuous. The paper identifies problems of collective interaction of intelligent agents when they solve a class of tasks, which need to coordinate actions of agent group, e. g. task of exploring the territory of a complex infrastructure facility. It is revealed that the problem of reinforcement training in multi-agent systems is poorly presented in the press, especially in Russian-language publications. The article analyzes reinforcement learning, describes hierarchical reinforcement learning, presents basic methods to implement reinforcement learning. The concept of macro-action by agents integrated in groups is introduced. The main problems of intelligent agents collective interaction for problem solving (i. e. calculation of individual rewards for each agent; agent coordination issues; application of macro actions by agents integrated into groups; exchange of experience generated by various agents as part of solving a collective problem) are identified. The model of multi-agent reinforcement learning is described in details. The article describes problems of this approach building on existing solutions. Basic problems of multi-agent reinforcement learning are formulated in conclusion.
ALGORITHM FOR PERSON TRACKING ON VIDEO SEQUENCES USING FACE IDENTIFICATION FOR INDOOR SURVEILLANCE
Authors: Bogush R. P. , Zakharova I. Yu. , Ablameyko S. V.
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the algorithmic framework for tracking people on indoor video. To improve tracking accuracy was used face identification algorithm to reduce errorr rate during complicated trajectory of persons in indoor environment. Object detection was performed with CNN Yolov3 that extract rectangular area as a result. Face detection task was resolved eith Cascade CNN MTCNN with following recognition using CNN MobileFaceNetwork. To form person features we used historgrams in HSV colorspave and CNN that includes 29 convolution layers followed by fully connected layer. The Hungarian algorithm was used as decision maker for allignment problem. Experiments were conducted on five videosequences with the variable number of people in it. The main characteristics of the developed algorithm are obtained which confirmed its effectiveness and the possibility of use for indoor video surveillance.
FEATURES OF PRELIMINARY PROCESSING OF SEMI-STRUCTURED MEDICAL DATA IN RUSSIAN FOR USE IN ENSEMBLES OF DATA MINING MODELS
Authors: Lagerev D. G. , Makarova E. A.
Published: January 2021

The paper considers the problem of integration, processing and mining of poorly structured data of medical information systems in order to make managerial decisions in healthcare. The problems of medical data are described, such as the lack of a sufficient structure, a large number of abbreviations characteristic of specific nosologies, the complexity of the automatic semantic interpretation of some fields. The authors demonstrated an approach to the search and disclosure of abbreviation in texts, based on a combination of machine and human processing. The method proposed by the authors, based on a hybrid approach combining the strengths of machine and human processing, made it possible to increase the number of abbreviations found by automatic methods by 21 %, and also opened up to 55 % of cases in the automated mode (with a probability of correctness above 70 %) and significantly reduce the time spent by specialists in processing the remaining reductions. Further research will be aimed at solving the following problems associated with the processing and specificity of medical data, such as a large number of spelling errors, specific grammatical constructions. Using a hybrid approach to preprocessing poorly structured data will increase the efficiency of management decisions in the field of healthcare by reducing the time spent by experts on their creation and support. The hybrid approach to the preprocessing of text data in Russian can be applied in other subject areas. However, it may be necessary to adjust the technique to the specifics of the processed data.
RESEARCH THROUGHPUT INDICATORS CORPORATE MULTISERVICE NETWORKS
Authors: Ibrahimov B. G. , Mehdieva A. M. , Bakhtiyarov F I. N.
Published: January 2021

The performance indicators corporate multi-service networks based on the architectural concept of the following Next Generation Network (NGN) and Future Networks (FN) using a number of innovative technologies are considered. A significant difference between such networks and previous generation networks is that the architecture of future networks is based on technologies software defined networks, virtualization network functions and the multimedia communications subsystem. As a criterion for complex performance indicators corporate multiservice networks, we selected throughput, the coefficient effective use hardware and software systems, various resources, and probability-time characteristics. As a result of the study, a method for calculating the complex throughput indicators corporate multiservice networks based on the architectural concept NGN and FN using SDN (Software Defined Networking), NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) and IMS (Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem) technologies is proposed. Th essence of the new method is to find relationships with which you can calculate the maximum throughput of the communication network and the areas feasible solutions of the basic equation that belong to it. System and technical analysis showed that the transmitted heterogeneous traffic has a special structure – self-similarity properties (scale invariance) and a quantitative assessment of the degree traffic self-similarity using the Hurst parameter. Based on the proposed calculation method, the complex indicators of corporate multiservice networks are examined taking into account the parameters traffic self-similarity, QoS (Quality of Service) and QoE (Quality of Experience). Resource management methods in network nodes were studied to improve the throughput characteristics taking into account the numerous QoS & QoE parameters and the coefficient effective use hardware and software systems was determined. Based on the calculation method, analytical expressions have been obtained to evaluate the complex indicators corporate multiservice networks in establishing connections and in providing multimedia services with the necessary parameters. A numerical analysis is carried out and a graphical dependence of the maximum network throughput on the total number software and hardware systems is constructed for a given system load factor.
UNMANNED VEHICLE CONTROL SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY CLUSTERING. PART 1. VEHICLE MOVEMENT MODEL
Authors: Akopov A. S. , Khachatryan N. K. , Beklaryan L. A. , Beklaryan A. L.
Published: January 2021

A control system for ground unmanned vehicles is presented, using fuzzy clustering methods for making decisions at an individual level. A new approach to the management of ground unmanned vehicles has been developed, taking into account the state of vehicles in a dense traffic, in particular, the presence of road accidents, the appearance of traffic congestion (high density clusters), etc. An important advantage of this approach is the description of the rules for the interaction of various agents with each other and the external environment within the framework of the final decision-making system of individual agents without the need for a complex computational procedure for identifying the potentials of various forces of the system as a whole. In particular, such rules can be described using systems of differential equations with a variable structure, taking into account all the variety of possible interactions and collisions (potential collisions) between different (moving or stationary) objects. A key feature of the proposed model is the use of the concept of the radius of the agent’s personal space, which explains the effects of turbulence and crush. In this case, the radius of the agent’s personal space is a function of the density of vehicles. As a result, a model of unmanned vehicle movement is developed.
METHOD FOR PREDICTING ZONES OF POSSIBLE OPTICAL CONTACTS WITH THE EARTH’S SURFACE WHEN FLYING ABOVE CLOUD COVER
Authors: Muzhichek S. M. , Obrosov K. V. , Safonov V. A. , Lisitsyn V. M.
Published: January 2021

The effectiveness of monitoring the US (Underlying Surface) during its passive remote sensing in the optical wavelength range from an aircraft is estimated. It is supposed that the monitoring is carried out in the conditions of a Cumulus cloudiness which partially closes US. An on-board OES (Optical-Electronic System) has the ability to deviate from the vertical of a narrow field of view. By controlling the position of the field of view, the OES forms inclined optical paths. In the presence of gaps between the Cumulus clouds under the aircraft inclined optical paths provide the possibility of optical contact with fragments of US. The effectiveness of monitoring can be improved by application the adaptive control of the angles of narrow field of view of camera. Such control allows to get the image of US’s fragment, which are being seen at current time, by using the space between the clouds. Such control also allows to get images of all fragments of US including the fragments of US which can be under the clouds. It can be possible by using a priori information about zones of possible optical contacts with US. A priori information can be obtained by image processing. The images for processing are formed by wide-field camera.
APPLICATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Authors: Khaytbaev A. E. , Eshmuradov A. M.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the possibilities of improving the efficiency of the sensory network management technique, using the neural network method. The presented model of the wireless sensor network takes into account the charging of the environment. The article also tests the hypothesis of the possibility of organizing distributed computing in wireless sensor networks. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks are allocated: review and analysis of existing methods for managing BSS nodes; definition of simulation model components and their properties of neural networks and their features; testing the results of using the developed method. The article explores the major historical insights of the application of the neural network technologies in wireless sensor networks in the following practical fields: engineering, farming, utility communication networks, manufacturing, emergency notification services, oil and gas wells, forest fires prevention equipment systems, etc. The relevant applications for the continuous monitoring of security and safety measures are critically analyzed in the context of the relevancy of specific decisions to be implemented within the system architecture. The study is focused on the modernization of methods of control and management for the wireless sensor networks considering the environmental factors to be allocated using senor systems for data maintenance, including the information on temperature, humidity, motion, radiation, etc. The article contains the relevant and adequate comparative analysis of the updated versions of node control protocols, the components of the simulation model, and the control method based on neural networks to be identified and tested within the practical organizational settings.
OPTIMIZATION PROCESS ANALYSIS FOR HYPERPARAMETERS OF NEURAL NETWORK DATA PROCESSING STRUCTURES
Authors: Gridin V. N. , Evdokimov I. A. , Salem B. R. , Solodovnikov V. I.
Published: January 2021

The analysis of key stages, implementation features and functioning principles of the neural networks, including deep neural networks, has been carried out. The problems of choosing the number of hidden elements, methods for the internal topology selection and setting parameters are considered. It is shown that in the training and validation process it is possible to control the capacity of a neural network and evaluate the qualitative characteristics of the constructed model. The issues of construction processes automation and hyperparameters optimization of the neural network structures are considered depending on the user's tasks and the available source data. A number of approaches based on the use of probabilistic programming, evolutionary algorithms, and recurrent neural networks are presented.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONSENSUS-BUILDING ALGORITHMS IN DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Toroev A. S. , Sizonenko A. B.
Published: January 2021

The authors of the article consider consensus-building algorithms that are central to the life cycle of transactional exchange between nodes of a DDPS (Distributed Data Processing System) based on blockchain technology. The term under consideration is formally defined. It is proved that when developing these algorithms, it is necessary to choose the main indicators and methods for calculating them, which can be used to evaluate their effectiveness. The process of false forking is described in detail, and the probability of its occurrence is calculated in order to assess the security of data stored in the distributed ledger. When analyzing existing consensus-building algorithms based on statistical data, it is shown that the Byzantine Fault Tolerance Delegated Proof-of-Stake (BFT-DPoS) algorithm has a higher level of efficiency not only in terms of security, but also in terms of performance compared to other algorithms. There is a lack of comprehensive evaluation of candidates for winning Registrar nodes that generate (mining) blocks and distribute them to verifier nodes. It is concluded that the elimination of the above-mentioned drawback would provide a more correct construction of the distributed ledger, since most of the existing algorithms are focused on applicability only in cryptocurrency systems and are not universal. To solve this problem, we propose the need to synthesize the BFT-DPoS and Proof-of-Importance algorithms in order to make it applicable to any type of DDPS using distributed ledger technology (blockchain).
Critical policy scholarship in education: An overview
Authors: Molla Tebeje
Published: January 2021

This paper presents an overview of critical policy scholarship (CPS) in education. Historically, policy research has been dominated by what is commonly referred to as the policy science tradition, which is positivist in its philosophical stance and instrumentalist in its purpose—it focuses on producing knowledge relevant for policy decisions. However, with the rise of interpretive social inquiry in the 1970s and against the backdrop of unique political developments in the 1980s, CPS emerged as an alternative policy research perspective. This review discusses the scope and foci of CPS in education under four themes: methodological assumptions, interdisciplinary roots, enduring analytical goals, and emerging empirical contexts. Implications of the prevalence of inequality, Big Data and digital panopticon for educational policymaking and policy research are also briefly discussed. The paper concludes that although its foci of analysis have shifted considerably in the last four decades, analytical interest and tools of CPS remain largely unchanged.
Evaluating the effect of four unknown parameters included in a latitudinal energy balance model on the habitability of exoplanets
Authors: Bahraminasr Majid , Jafarzadeh S. Javad , Montazeri Fatemeh , Poro Atila , Sarabi Soroush
Published: January 2021

Among different models for determining the habitable zone (HZ) around a star, a Latitudinal Energy Balance Model (LEBM) is very beneficial due to its parametricity which keeps a good balance between complexity and simulation time. This flexibility makes the LEBM an excellent tool to assess the impact of some key physical parameters on the temperature and the habitability of a planet. Among different physical parameters, some of them, up until now, cannot be determined by any method such as the planet’s spin obliquity, diurnal period, ocean-land ratio, and pressure level. Here we apply this model to study the effect of these unknown parameters on the habitability of three exoplanets located in the inner, outer, and middle of their optimistic HZ. Among the examined parameters, the impact of pressure is more straightforward. It has a nearly direct relation with temperature and also with the habitability in the case of a cold planet. The effect of other parameters is discussed with details. To quantify the impact of all these unknown parameters we utilize a statistical interface which provides us with the conditional probability on habitability status of each planet.
‘Mathematics Achievement in Crisis’: Modelling the Influence of Teacher Knowledge and Experience in Senior High Schools in Ghana
Authors: Ansah Joseph Kweku , Quansah Frank , Nugba Regina Mawusi
Published: January 2021

Mathematics achievement in senior high schools (SHS) in Ghana is not encouraging and this has become a concern for major stakeholders. Several studies have been conducted to provide information to understand the issue of poor mathematics achievement. Of all the studies, areas regarding the joint influence of experience, pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and subject matter knowledge (SMK) have been less explored in Ghana. In this study, the interplay among these variables is examined in an attempt to explain the variances in students’ mathematics achievement. To achieve this purpose, 210 SHS teachers and 8,400 students in SHS across the country were surveyed and subsequently administered tasks on algebra taking into consideration the variables of interest. The study revealed that teacher knowledge and teaching experience significantly influenced students’ mathematics achievement. It was discovered that PCK had a significant indirect effect on students’ mathematics achievement through teachers’ SMK. The findings also showed that experience did not significantly moderate the relationship between teachers’ SMK and students’ mathematics achievement. The study, based on the outcome, made conclusions and recommendations for practice. Suggestions for the implementation of future studies were also highlighted.
Depressive Symptoms and Alcohol Use Among Male and Female University Students: Is Inner Meaning Fulfilment Protective?
Authors: Agberotimi Samson Femi , Asagba Rachel B.
Published: January 2021

Alcohol use among students in tertiary institutions has long been established as a major public health concern. Also, previous research has shown that individuals with depression are particularly susceptible to alcohol use. There is, however, a paucity of empirical studies focusing on whether this relation is moderated by gender or buffered by a sense of inner meaning fulfilment. We assessed the moderating roles of gender and inner meaning fulfilment in the relationship between depression and alcohol use among university students in Nigeria. A correlational survey design was utilized. Data were collected from 1,173 students (57% male) aged between 16 and 36 years selected across six Nigerian universities. Data were subjected to SPSS v.23 for statistical analysis. Our findings show that depression, gender, inner meaning fulfilment significantly correlated with alcohol use. The effect of depression on alcohol was positive and significant (b=.439, se=.049, p=.000). Inner meaning fulfilment significantly moderated the relationship between depression and alcohol use (b=-.163, se=.034, p=.000). Depression was established as a significant risk factor for alcohol use, regardless of gender, and inner meaning fulfilment may buffer this association. Implications and recommendations are discussed.
Evolution of the first eigenvalue of the Laplace operator and the p-Laplace operator under a forced mean curvature flow
Authors: Qi Xuesen , Liu Ximin
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we discuss the monotonicity of the first nonzero eigenvalue of the Laplace operator and the p-Laplace operator under a forced mean curvature flow (MCF). By imposing conditions associated with the mean curvature of the initial hypersurface and the coefficient function of the forcing term of a forced MCF, and some special pinching conditions on the second fundamental form of the initial hypersurface, we prove that the first nonzero closed eigenvalues of the Laplace operator and the p-Laplace operator are monotonic under the forced MCF, respectively, which partially generalize Mao and Zhao’s work. Moreover, we give an example to specify applications of conclusions obtained above.
Overcoming Aggressive Monolingualism: Prejudices and Linguistic Diversity in Russian Megalopolises
Authors: Baranova Vlada , Fedorova Kapitolina
Published: January 2021

The study deals with linguistic prejudices of citizens of the two main Russian cities, Moscow and St. Petersburg, toward speakers of foreign languages. It aims to reveal possible recent changes in the language ideology dominating Russian society. Monolingual and linguistically normative orientations rooted in the Soviet ideological approach are being challenged nowadays by global processes of migration and cultural diversification, which influence the everyday reality of Russian megalopolises. The research is based on the analysis of two sets of data: (1) meta-discourse on language attitudes derived from interviews with labor migrants and native Russian speakers in St. Petersburg and Moscow, and posts and comments on issues of language, migration, and linguistic landscapes, collected from websites and social media and (2) linguistic landscape data collected in 2016–2019, mainly in St. Petersburg, which reflect recent changes in attitude toward linguistic diversity in public space. These data show, on the one hand, that most city dwellers still relate to monolingual speech norms and try to implement control over public space; on the other hand, that the tolerance toward multilingual communication has been increasing over the years. The study suggests that these “first cracks” in monolinguals facades of Russian cities could eventually lead to the establishing of a less rigid language regime.
“With a Knife at One’s Throat”
Authors: Rangarajan Padma
Published: January 2021

Padma Rangarajan, “‘With a Knife at One’s Throat’: Irish Terrorism in The O’Briens and the O’Flahertys” (pp. 294–317)

Sydney Owenson, Lady Morgan’s The O’Briens and the O’Flahertys (1827) is a silver-fork novel edged in steel: a portrait of aristocratic 1790s Dublin society that doubles as anti-imperialist jeremiad. It is also one of the earliest pieces of fiction to explicitly identify terrorism as an inevitable consequence of colonial conquest. In this essay, I demonstrate how Morgan’s novel upends the standard definition of terrorism as a singular historical rift and rewrites it as a condition of life. Modernity has no chance in Ireland, Morgan argues, if the colonial parasitism of the past continues unabated. In The O’Briens and the O’Flahertys, Morgan prefigures Frantz Fanon’s diagnoses of the colonized psyche by carefully detailing the psychological and material effects of symbiotic terrorism—that is, terrorism as a complex network of reciprocal, mutually constitutive violent exchanges. Intertwining the thwarted legacy of the 1798 Irish Rebellion, the ongoing depredations of the Irish Ascendancy class, and her fears of an imminent revolution of the peasantry, Morgan mines Ireland’s near and distant past to forecast violence’s inevitable futurity.
“One of Those” Characters in Middlemarch
Authors: Ehrhardt Rebecca
Published: January 2021

Rebecca Ehrhardt, “‘One of Those’ Characters in Middlemarch” (pp. 318–345)

This essay takes a robust critical conversation about character in realist fiction in a new direction through a reading of George Eliot’s Middlemarch (1871–72). While critics have traditionally theorized realism as a form whose ontology draws upon what already exists, as a character might be drawn from a preconceived type, I contend that George Eliot’s approach to character is productive of categories and, with them, new senses of the real. This essay tracks Middlemarch’s use of a device that I call “descriptive categorization”: a form of rendering character that works by referring to a category that it simultaneously defines in the act of description. By considering inquiries from the philosophy of language about reference and description, this essay explores how descriptive categorization construes an illusion of familiarity in readers. Descriptive categorization is a mode of articulating character, furthermore, that is not bound by the conventions of plot or character development; I contend that this quality is crucial to the ethics of George Eliot’s realism. Through descriptive categorization, Middlemarch models a way of understanding character that transcends the novel genre, cultivating categorical forms of sympathy and understanding in its readers.
Vernon Lee’s Novel Construction
Authors: Yamboliev Irena
Published: January 2021

Irena Yamboliev, “Vernon Lee’s Novel Construction” (pp. 346–371)

This essay proposes that we understand Vernon Lee’s debut novel, Miss Brown (1884), as enacting a theory of literary language’s constructive potency that Lee develops in her critical essays. Those critical essays offer a vibrant nineteenth-century formalism, suggesting how fiction constructs and formalizes our realities, shaping readers’ mental and emotional circuits as it arranges phrases, sentences, and paragraphs. In Miss Brown, Lee crafts a prose style that meticulously tracks the protagonist’s formation—the “little dramas of expectation, fulfilment and disappointment,…of tensions and relaxations”—rendering that formation as a drama of sentence-level structuration. The resulting “representation” of Anne Brown is interrupted with adjective-rich stretches conspicuously geared toward defining, formulating, and theorizing what is being represented, essay-like. By treating the protagonist as an occasion to foreground syntax’s active building and abstracting, Miss Brown’s prose partakes in the kind of literary practice that has recently been described as nonmimetic realism—realism that does more than denote and refer and reflect what is, and instead performs, meditating on form’s process, to project and inform new potentialities.
Best practices for the visualization, mapping, and manipulation of R‐loops
Authors: Chédin Frédéric , Hartono Stella R , Sanz Lionel A , Vanoosthuyse Vincent
Published: January 2021

R‐loops represent an abundant class of large non‐B DNA structures in genomes. Even though they form transiently and at modest frequencies, interfering with R‐loop formation or dissolution has significant impacts on genome stability. Addressing the mechanism(s) of R‐loop‐mediated genome destabilization requires a precise characterization of their distribution in genomes. A number of independent methods have been developed to visualize and map R‐loops, but their results are at times discordant, leading to confusion. Here, we review the main existing methodologies for R‐loop mapping and assess their limitations as well as the robustness of existing datasets. We offer a set of best practices to improve the reproducibility of maps, hoping that such guidelines could be useful for authors and referees alike. Finally, we propose a possible resolution for the apparent contradictions in R‐loop mapping outcomes between antibody‐based and RNase H1‐based mapping approaches.
Lei da reflexão, lei de Snell e efeito Goos-Hänchen: abordagem via modelo corpuscular da luz
Authors: Andrade-Neto A. V. , Andrade Davy Dias
Published: January 2021

Usamos as leis de conservação de energia e momento linear no contexto do modelo corpuscular da luz de Einstein para obter as leis de reflexão e refração da óptica geométrica. Adicionalmente o efeito Goos-Hänchen é abordado e o deslocamento lateral da luz refletida é calculado.
Phytomass and production components of colored cotton under salt stress in different phenological stages
Authors: Soares Lauriane A. dos A. , Fernandes Pedro D. , Lima Geovani S. de , Silva Saulo S. da , Moreira Rômulo C. L. , Medeiros Thamara L. F.
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Scarcity of good quality water is a limiting factor for irrigated agriculture, especially in semi-arid regions, which induces the use of waters with high salt concentration in crop irrigation. In view of the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the phytomass accumulation and production components of colored cotton genotypes during the different development stages, under conditions of high salinity, with plants grown in lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, at the Center for Technology and Natural Resources of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil. Three cotton genotypes (‘BRS Rubi’, ‘BRS Topázio’ and ‘BRS Safira’) irrigated with salinized water (9 dS m-1) during the three stages of crop development (vegetative, flowering and fruiting) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three repetitions and three plants per plot, in drainage lysimeters filled with 24.5 kg of an Oxisol, with sandy loam texture. Irrigation with salinized water during the vegetative stage promoted greater phytomass accumulation in the genotypes of naturally colored cotton. In the initial stages of the cotton development, irrigation with saline water can be used with the lowest losses in production components, which are negatively affected when saline water is applied in the fruiting stage. Among the genotypes, ‘BRS Topázio’ is the most tolerant to irrigation water salinity in terms of seed cotton weight and lint cotton weight, regardless of the development stage.
IMPLEMENTATION AND PERFORMANCE OF TRACKERS FOR THE DETECTION OF SURGICAL ADVERSE EVENTS
Authors: Batista Josemar , Silva Danieli Parreira da , Cruz Elaine Drehmer de Almeida
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the frequency and performance of the Canadian Adverse Events Study tracking criteria for the confirmation of surgical adverse events in adult patients. Method: a descriptive and retrospective study conducted in a public hospital in the state of Paraná from May to November 2017. A retrospective review of 192 medical records was conducted using 16 tracking criteria; and the confirmation of adverse events was in charge of a committee of experts composed of a physician and nurses. Data was analyzed by means of descriptive statistics. Results: the mean performance of the trackers was 73.3%. A total of 70 trackers were confirmed in 21.8% of the medical records with adverse events. The mean number of trackers was 0.4 per medical record (varying from zero to three). Adverse reaction to the medication; unplanned return to the operating room; unplanned removal, injury or correction of an organ or structure during surgery or invasive procedure; cardiopulmonary arrest reversed and hospital infection/sepsis were classified as high performance trackers (100.0%). Eight trackers did not contribute to the identification of adverse events. Conclusion: high-performance trackers can assist in detecting adverse events; there is potential to improve the tracking tool, contributing to its performance as a research method in Brazilian hospitals.