bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROTECCIÓN DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE Y PARTICIPACION PÚBLICA: LA RECIENTE EVOLUCIÓN A NIVEL INTERNACIONAL Y EN ESPAÑA
Authors: Martín Carmen Plaza
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo examina los avances en materia de participación pública que han tenido lugar recientemente en el ámbito de la protección del medio ambiente a nivel internacional y en España. En el veinte aniversario de la firma del Convenio sobre el acceso a la información, la participación del público en la toma de decisiones y el acceso a la justicia en materia de medio ambiente, firmado en Aarhus en 1998 bajo los auspicios de la Comisión Económica para Europa de Naciones Unidas, los progresos más relevantes han tenido lugar también en la esfera internacional. En 2018 se firma un nuevo acuerdo internacional que va a seguir sus pasos en la región de América Latina y el Caribe: el Acuerdo de Escazú. La primera parte de este trabajo se centra en una comparación entre las disposiciones en materia de participación pública de estos dos instrumentos internacionales. En cuanto a los novedades en España, la segunda parte de este trabajo examina las modificaciones operadas en materia de participación pública en la Ley de evaluación de impacto ambiental así como los retos pendientes para avanzar hacia una participación efectiva. Finalmente, en la tercera parte, se da cuenta de algunas importantes resoluciones judiciales aplicando las disposiciones sobre participación pública en materia de medio ambiente.El análisis de estas novedades pone de relieve la creciente importancia del derecho de participación en materia de medio ambiente y de su tutela judicial efectiva. En la espera internacional, la comparación entre el Convenio de Aarhus y el Convenio de Escazú revela que si bien este último se inspira en la estructura y enfoque del primero, va a prestar especial atención a los problemas específicos de la región para la que se ha diseñado, como la igualdad en el acceso a la participación pública, así como a retos actuales tales como el uso de las nuevas tecnologías como medio para ejercerlos. El Convenio de Aarhus es, sin embargo, algo más preciso en la delimitación de las condiciones de participación que han de respetar las autoridades públicas en la toma de decisiones relativas a ciertas actividades susceptibles de tener un impacto significativo en el medio ambiente.Por lo que se refiere a los avances en España, a nivel normativo vienen impulsados –una vez más- por la obligación de transponer al ordenamiento nacional las modificaciones de la Directiva de Evaluación Ambiental de la Unión Europea. Finalmente, se advierte que los tribunales españoles siguen desarrollando una notable jurisprudencia –no exenta de algunas sombras- para hacer efectivo el derecho de participación.
A DESCARACTERIZAÇÃO DE BARRAGENS DE REJEITO E O PLANO DE FECHAMENTO DE MINA COMO INSTRUMENTOS DE MITIGAÇÃO DE RISCOS NA MINERAÇÃO
Authors: Thomé Romeu , Ribeiro Luiz Gustavo Gonçalves
Published: September 2019

A mineração tem como características a modificação do meio ambiente e a geração de riscos socioambientais, visualizados nitidamente a partir da ocorrência de desastres que marcaram negativamente a trajetória da exploração mineral no Brasil. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar, sob a perspectiva dos princípios da prevenção e do poluidor-pagador, a eficácia das normas que vedaram a utilização do método de alteamento de barragens denominado a montante e determinaram a descaracterização de barragens de rejeitos, além daquelas que preveem o adequado fechamento de mina e a recuperação da área degradada pela mineração. A pesquisa se valeu de dados primários e secundários consistentes na análise de textos legislativos e doutrina. Foi possível concluir que as normas jurídicas são relevantes instrumentos para a implementação da internalização das externalidades negativas, na medida em que exigem dos empreendimentos minerários a adoção de ações preventivas, especialmente no que tange à recuperação das áreas degradadas e à mitigação dos riscos inerentes às barragens de rejeito.
PAISAGEM MINERÁRIA COMO ELEMENTO DE CONSTRUÇÃO DO SENTIMENTO DE PERTENCIMENTO AO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Custódio Maraluce Maria , Junqueira Ribeiro José Cláudio
Published: September 2019

A paisagem é elemento fundamental para garantia de pertencimento dos indivíduos a sua comunidade local, regional e até mesmo global. Minas Gerais surge como uma província com feição minerária ainda no século. XVIII e, ainda hoje, tem a mineração como essencial para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico. As paisagens das cidades mineiras foram forjadas a partir dessa da mineração, que é importante elemento constitutivo da cultura de Minas Gerais. O presente artigo busca analisar a necessidade de proteger a paisagem minerária mineira como representação do próprio Estado, do pertencimento do mineiro a esse contexto e compreender a possibilidade de utilização das paisagens mineiras economicamente para desenvolvimento do turismo no Estado. Para a construção do artigo utilizar-se-á como marco teórico o conceito de paisagem da Convenção Europeia de Paisagem de 2000 e como metodologia os métodos indutivo e o dedutivo, tendo por técnica a bibliográfica, para, por fim, concluir que é necessário diferenciar paisagem de meio ambiente e compreender a importância da paisagem minerária, degradada na perspectiva ambiental, como representativa da sociedade mineira e garantia do pertencimento dos indivíduos às comunidades e a real possiblidade de utilizá-la como fonte de recursos para a manutenção econômica das cidades após o fim da atividade minerária.
Policy of Digital Technologies in Small Machine-Building Enterprises
Authors: Bulavin V.F. , Yakhrichev V.V. , Stepanov A.S.
Published: September 2019

Using high-technology digital platforms in the operation of machine-building enterprises involves active implementation of CAD products. The presence of digital display associated with the PLM systems, signifies the transition to a new type of production. Under these conditions, a 3D model of a part acts as a means of navigating the technological process. Using small machine-building enterprises as an example, the experience of 3D design on the platforms of domestic CAD systems is presented in this work. Automation in the production process acts as the integration of the main stages — design, technological and engineering analysis — into a single information stream. The PLM platform integrates CAD software modules into a common information space using uniform rules, forming technical documentation containing 3D models and 2D drawings, and supporting attributes on project components. It also forms the basis of teamwork. A package of the documents serves as the goal of the pre-production cycle, the condition for the modification of products and a means of combining all the links of the chain from the customer to the consumer into a single information space.
The Efficiency of Tribocoupling with МоS2-Based Solid Lubricant Coatings Using Magnetron and Suspension Sputtering
Authors: Khopin P.N.
Published: September 2019

An analysis of studies conducted under vacuum conditions revealed that MoS2-based solid lubricant coatings applied to a titanium base using magnetron sputtering was virtually unusable. It was established that satisfactory working capacity of the considered couplings could be achieved by preliminary treatment of the base, that is by galvanic chrome plating and nickel plating. It was shown that life of a coupling with solid lubricant coatings sputtered using the magnetron method on a ceramic base was higher than those sputtered on a metal base. However, starting from the middle of operational life, temporary “surges” in the coefficient of friction occurred and subsequently stabilized. The life of coatings sputtered using the magnetron method was 2.51 times lower than that of a coupling with coatings of the BNII NP 212 type obtained using the suspension method, and 3.65 times lower than that of similar types by foreign manufacturers. The coefficient of friction for the considered couplings under vacuum conditions varied from 0.02 to 0.07.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ПЕТРОФИЗИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА РАЗРЕЗОВ ГЕРАСИМОВСКОГО И КРАПИВИНСКОГО МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЙ (В СВЯЗИ С НЕФТЕГАЗОНОСНОСТЬЮ ДОЮРСКИХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ)
Authors: Алеева Анна Олеговна , Исаев Валерий Иванович
Published: September 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью воспроизводства сырьевой базы углеводородов юго-востока Западной Сибири за счет поисков и разведки залежей, приуроченных к доюрским отложениям. Цель: определить критерии прогнозирования и поисков палеозойских залежей углеводородов на основе изучения геофизического различия разрезов юрских отложений месторождений, как с палеозойскими залежами нефти, так и месторождений только с юрскими залежами нефти. Объекты: разрезы глубоких скважин Герасимовского нефтегазоконденсатного месторождения с основными запасами в пласте М – в проницаемых интервалах коры выветривания отложений палеозоя и скважин Крапивинского нефтяного месторождения, промышленная нефтеносность которого связана с терригенными отложениями юрского продуктивного горизонта Ю1. Методы: статистический анализ петрофизических параметров пластов-коллекторов по данным геофизических исследований скважин, оценка литологического состава коллекторов по петрофизическому критерию, сопоставительная оценка геофизической характеристики баженовской свиты Герасимовского и Крапивинского месторождений. Результаты. На примере геофизической характеристики разрезов 29 глубоких скважин Герасимовского месторождения и 34 скважин Крапивинского месторождения показано, что палеозойские залежи имеют уникальное «отражение» в геолого-геофизических параметрах перекрывающего мезозойско-кайнозойского осадочного разреза. Эта уникальность выражается существенно более высокими значениями удельного электрического сопротивления и карбонатизацией интервалов юрских отложений, а также отличительной характеристикой геофизических параметров интервала баженовской свиты. Для дальнейшей аргументации уникальности «отражения» залежей палеозоя в геофизических параметрах перекрывающих отложений, как критерия прогнозирования и поисков палеозойских залежей УВ, предлагается провести аналогичные исследования на нескольких месторождениях как герасимовского, так и крапивинского типов.
ДИНАМИКА ЭКЗОГЕННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ НА УЧАСТКАХ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА ОБЪЕКТОВ СПОРТИВНО-ТУРИСТИЧЕСКОГО КОМПЛЕКСА «ГОРНЫЙ ВОЗДУХ»
Authors: Сахаров Валерий Александрович , Ильин Владимир Вениаминович
Published: September 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью обеспечения безопасности строительства и эксплуатации объектов Спортивно-туристического комплекса «Горный воздух» в г. Южно-Сахалинске. Цель: обнаружение признаков активизации экзогенных геологических процессов во время строительства объектов СТК «Горный воздух», оценка их опасности, изучение влияния на водные объекты. Объекты: территории под канатными дорогами, горнолыжные трассы, площадки строительства зданий и сооружений инфраструктуры объекта и технологические дороги на северном и южном склонах г. Большевик, водохранилище на р. Рогатка, водозабор на р. Еланька. Методы: изучение результатов инженерных изысканий, выполненных различными организациями на склонах горы Большевик; изучение режима эксплуатации водозаборов на реках Еланька и Рогатка; полевое обследование объектов СТК «Горный воздух» на склонах г. Большевик; отбор проб воды из водных объектов на химические анализы. Результаты. На территориях под канатными дорогами и вновь построенных горнолыжных трасс наблюдается обнаженный грунт, местами до зоны экзогенной трещиноватости и коренных пород. В кабельных траншеях наблюдаются незначительные просадки насыпного грунта, обусловленные гравитационным уплотнением и суффозионными процессами. Отмечаются следы водной эрозии грунта. Признаков оползневой и селевой активности не наблюдается. Ручьи, стекающие по склонам, прозрачные. Строительные работы в долине реки Еланьки влияют только на продолжительность перерывов в эксплуатации водозабора. Влияние строительства объектов спортивно-туристического комплекса на качество воды в водохранилище на р. Рогатка не установлено, режим работы водозабора на водохранилище не изменялся.
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ РЕШЕНИЯ ПО ОЦЕНКЕ ОБВОДНЕННОСТИПРОДУКЦИИНЕФТЕДОБЫВАЮЩИХ СКВАЖИН
Authors: Денисламов Ильдар Зафирович , Гималтдинов Ильяс Кадирович , Денисламова Алия Ильдаровна , Максутов Зиннат Анверович
Published: September 2019

Актуальность исследования определена необходимостью стандартизации способов и методик по определению обводненности продукции нефтедобывающих скважин. Цель: оценить причины и условия возникновения систематической погрешности при определении состава скважинной продукции, минимизировать ошибки в измерениях обводненности путем создания новых технологий. Объектом исследования являются нефтедобывающие скважины и процессы, протекающие при движении пластовой продукции от забоя скважины до штатного пробоотборника на выкидной линии устьевой арматуры. Методы исследования основаны на отборе устьевых проб продукции скважин до и после гомогенизации жидкости в выкидной линии скважины. По технологии отбора объемных скважинных проб жидкости оценивалась толщина слоя нефти над водной фазой с помощью разработанного устройства, в котором фиксированный объем нефти переводится в делительную воронку путем снижения давления и добавления в нефть органического растворителя. Установлено, что в высокообводненных скважинах наблюдается гравитационное разделение скважинной жидкости на прослои с различным содержанием нефти и воды. Следствием этого становится поступление в пробоотборную тару жидкости, не соответствующей составу скважинной продукции. Рассмотрены возможные решения существующей проблемы пробоотбора: скважинный поток необходимо гомогенизировать перед штатным пробоотборником или отбирать объемные пробы в течение длительного периода времени. Относительная погрешность измерения доли нефти и воды в объемных пробах с помощью разработанного устройства не превышает 0,1 % для высокообводненных скважин. Рассмотрен альтернативный способ оценки обводненности скважинной продукции, основанный на применении двух датчиков давления в колонне лифтовых труб над электроцентробежным насосом, соответствующий требованиям репрезентативности оцениваемых дискретных проб скважинной жидкости.
УСТРАНЕНИЕ ТУПИКОВОЙ ВИБРАЦИИ ТРУБОПРОВОДНОЙ ОБВЯЗКИ КОМПРЕССОРНОГО ЦЕХА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ
Authors: Бураншин Айдар Раисович , Годовский Дмитрий Александрович , Токарев Артём Павлович
Published: September 2019

Актуальность исследования. В настоящее время растет роль мероприятий, направленных на повышение надежности оборудования при магистральном трубопроводном транспорте природного газа. К факторам, негативно влияющим на надежность эксплуатации оборудования компрессорных станций магистральных газопроводов, относится возникающая по различным причинам повышенная вибрация. Одной из таких причин является сочетание определенных геометрических размеров трубопроводных коммуникаций и высоких расходов технологического газа. Цель: уточнить режимы работы компрессорного цеха с 8 полнонапорными агрегатами, позволяющие снизить интенсивность тупиковой вибрации, наблюдающейся в трубопроводной обвязке отключенных газоперекачивающих агрегатов. Объект: участок трубопроводных коммуникаций компрессорных станций от коллектора циклонных пылеуловителей до входного коллектора компрессорного цеха, тройники с отводами к газоперекачиващим агрегатам, отключенными кранами № 1 от входного коллектора. Методы: вибрационное диагностирование трубопроводной обвязки на существующей компрессорной станции; математическое моделирование режимов работы компрессорного цеха с применением численного решения (гидравлический расчет в сочетании с расчетом собственных частот и частот вынуждающей силы). Результаты. Предложен способ устранения тупиковых колебаний в рамках эксплуатации, уточняющий требования нормативной документации. Разработана методика оценки условий возникновения тупиковых колебаний, которая основана на гидравлическом расчете кольцевого газопровода высокого давления с отборами. Рассмотрены два режима компрессорного цеха с 8 полнонапорными нагнетателями с производительностью в 100 млн м3/сут. на отстройку от резонанса. В результате проведенных расчетов с края компрессорного цеха уменьшено количество газоперекачивающих агрегатов, которые необходимо эксплуатировать для устранения тупиковых колебаний, по сравнению с рекомендациями нормативной документации. Это позволяет выводить в резерв второй газоперекачивающий агрегат с края компрессорного цеха и, следовательно, снизить скорость наработки данного газоперекачивающего агрегата при устранении повышенной тупиковой вибрации трубопроводной обвязки газоперекачивающего агрегата.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ НЕЛИНЕЙНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ПОДВИЖНОЙ ПОДОВОЙ ПЛАТФОРМЫ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКОЙ ПЕЧИ ДЛЯ ОБЖИГА СЫПУЧИХ МИНЕРАЛОВ
Authors: Нижегородов Анатолий Иванович , Гаврилин Алексей Николаевич , Мойзес Борис Борисович , Кладиев Сергей Николаевич , Хамитов Рустам Нуриманович
Published: September 2019

Актуальность. Электрические печи с подвижной подовой платформой имеют недостатки в конструкции системы вибротранспортирования – в расположенной под углом к горизонтальной плоскости самой платформы. Актуально использование горизонтальной подовой платформы, исключающей самопроизвольное скатывание округлых частиц материала и устраняющей возможность возникновения температурной тяги внутри пространства обжига, приводящей к охлаждению нагревательной системы печи и обжигаемого сыпучего материала. Цель работы состоит в исследовании динамики подвижной платформы с односторонним упругим элементом, обеспечивающим сильно выраженную нелинейную упругую характеристику, и процесса вибротранспортирования сыпучего материала по поверхности горизонтальной подовой плиты. Объект: подвижная подовая платформа электрической печи для обжига сыпучих минералов. Методика исследования базируется на разработке конструкции и модели подвижной подовой платформы электрической печи для обжига сыпучих минералов. Результаты исследования свойств специального упругого элемента подвижной подовой платформы печи позволили получить нелинейную аналитическую модель ее движения, характеризующуюся наклонной «скелетной» кривой ее амплитудно-частотной характеристики. Исследование динамики колебательной системы с односторонним упругим элементом, обеспечивающим сильно выраженную нелинейность, подтвердило, что система совершает несимметричные колебания с пиковыми значениями виброускорения 8,32 и 4,79 м/с2, соответствующими крайним положениям платформы и отличающимися в 1,74 раза. Показано, что при горизонтальной установке печи почти в три раза снижается чувствительность системы к флуктуациям частоты возбуждения, жесткости пружин, сил трения и других факторов, изменяющихся из-за влияния высокой температуры и внешних факторов. Подтвержден эффект устойчивого вибротранспортирования сыпучего материала по горизонтальной поверхности подовой плиты в тепловом поле печи.
РАЗРАБОТКА ПРОГНОЗНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ УГОДИЙ ВЬЕТНАМА
Authors: Ковязин Василий Федорович , Нгуен Тхи Суан
Published: September 2019

Актуальность исследования. Вьетнам – аграрная страна, в настоящее время его развитие идет по пути индустриализации, но правительство по-прежнему озабочено количественными и качественными показателями сельскохозяйственных угодий. Поэтому прогнозирование ресурсного потенциала разных видов земельных угодий Вьетнама играет ключевую роль в управлении земельными ресурсами страны. Исследования ресурсного потенциала земель проведены на примере административной области Тиенхая, которая является прибрежным регионом страны, где преобладает сельскохозяйственный сектор экономики и характерны многие виды земельных угодий. Цель: оценка пригодности земель разных угодий для прогноза использования их в будущем. Объектом исследования являются земельные угодья государственной собственности района Тиенхая социалистической республики Вьетнам. Методы: методы эмпирического уровня: описание, наблюдение, измерение, сравнение, анкетный опрос, обобщение и моделирование. Для выявления динамики площадей земель различных категорий использовались космические снимки, а для их обработки – ГИС-технологии. При оценке пригодности земель к различным видам землепользований применялись методы ФАО (продовольственная и сельскохозяйственная организация ООН) и экспертных оценок. Важность факторов трансформации земель для разных видов их пользования рассчитана по методу аналитической иерархической процедуры Саати. Для разработки прогнозной модели трансформации земельных угодий во Вьетнаме выбраны цепи Маркова и современные компьютерные программы и технологии. Результаты. На основе дешифрирования космоснимков территории и ГИС-технологий построена матрица вероятности трансформации земельных угодий в Тиенхае с 2005 по 2015 гг. Нормированный вектор относительной важности факторов трансформации при оценке ресурсного потенциала земель для разных видов использования по методу аналитической иерархической процедуры Саати сформирован с помощью экспертов. Разработаны карты пригодности земель для различных типов земельных угодий. Создана модель прогноза земельных угодий в районе Тиенхая к 2025 г. По модели спрогнозированы площади землепользований в районе исследований через 10 лет.
ECOLOGICAL-HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCTION WASTE FOR THE USE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Rusakov N. V. , Alikbayeva L. A. , Mokrousova O. N. , Chernova G. I.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the study is to make a comprehensive ecological and hygienic assessment of production waste - ferromanganese nodules of the Baltic sea and ash from sewage sludge for compliance with the use as road material. Material and methods. The study was executed in accordance with the applicable guidelines. Results. Waste production of Manganese - Ferruginous Sands, and ash from the incineration of sewage sludge in the city of St. Petersburg represent complex multicomponent mixtures of substances with different percentage content of metals (manganese, iron, silicon, phosphorus, aluminum, cadmium) and their compounds which seem to be low-hazard wastes (IV class of danger) to the natural environment.
THE ACTUAL FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND INTESTINAL DYSBIOSIS
Authors: Zakrevskii V. V. , Kopchak D. V.
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the study. The study of actual nutrition and nutritional status of patients with metabolic syndrome and intestinal dysbiosis under outpatient observation for subsequent correction of nutrition. Material and methods. The actual nutrition in conditions of outpatient observation was studied in 117 patients (60 men and 57 women) aged of 18-60 years, living under the service of the one of the clinics of St. Petersburg. In these patients on the basis of results of clinical and laboratory-instrumental examinations there was revealed metabolic syndrome, but on the basis of the microbiological examination of feces there was established intestinal dysbiosis of the 1-2 grades. The nutrition was studied by means of questionnaire-ballot method, and with the use of computer software «Analysis of the state of Human Nutrition» (version by Institute of Nutrition, 1.2.4. - 2003-2006). Daily energy expenditures were calculated according to table-time-keeping method. Body composition of patients was studied by impedance method with the use of diagnostic monitoring complex «Diamant». All patients were included in the study on the base of the principle of informed consent and all of them gave written consent. Results. The caloric content of the daily average diets of patients with metabolic syndrome and intestinal dysbiosis exceeds in an average the physiological norm by 930 calories. Nutrient composition of diets of men and women have the same features: in compared with the daily requirement there was excessive content of fat, NLC, cholesterol, protein, sodium, phosphorus deficiency of dietary fiber, vitamins A and B2, magnesium, starch. Conclusion. The structure of food packages, caloric content and nutrient composition of the diet of patients with metabolic syndrome and intestinal dysbiosis seem to be unbalanced and cannot serve to purposes of the prevention and treatment of this disease. The characteristic imbalance of the body components in these patients was the excess of fat mass and total fluid.
HYGIENIC SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SAFETY OPERATION OF THE ENTERPRISE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
Authors: Fomin M. V. , Alikbayeva L. A. , Lukovnikova L. V. , Sidorin G. I. , Petrova N. N.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the study is to provide toxicological-hygienic assessment of components the production of polyvinyl chloride, substantiate safe levels of chemicals in air of the working area and preventive measures on optimization conditions both of work and residence of the population. Material and methods. The object of the study was the complex of production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The program of research included the study of the technological process; evaluation of the toxicity and dangers of new chemicals; the characteristic of sources of air emissions; health risk assessment of the population; justification of the size sanitary-protective zone. Results. The enterprise for the production of PVC can be potential source of the environmental pollution, with the priority to pollution of the atmosphere and working area air. The main organized emission sources of the chemicals are departments for the production of chlorine, vinyl chloride monomer, polyvinyl chloride and flare units. New components of production are ntioxidant IRGASTAB PVC76 and plasticizer Plastomoll DOA on physic-chemical and toxic characteristics fail to pose a risk of acute and chronic poisoning by inhalation routes of exposure, the parameters of acute toxicity refer to the 4th class of danger and seem to be low-hazard substances. Antioxidant IRGASTAB PVC 76 under repeated applications leads to mild irritation of the skin, characterized by a slightly pronounced cumulative properties, in contact with a high likelihood of sensitization of the organism; the introduction inhibits the activity of cytochrome P-450-dependent that may result in the violation of the detoxifying function of the liver. Antioxidant IRGASTAB PVC 76 under repeated applications leads to a slight irritation of the skin, characterized by mild cumulative properties, contact likely to develop sensitization of the organism; upon administration inhibits the activity of cytochrome P-450-dependent MOG that might lead to a violation of the detoxifying liver function. Emissions to the atmosphere can contain up to 50 polluting chemicals. The main contribution to emissions comprises substances of the 3 and 4 hazard class, it is related with extremely dangerous and highly dangerous chemicals up to 32% of the total list of toxic substances. Indices of non-cancer risk with or without accounting background are at an acceptable level, the probability of the carcinogenic risk is small. There is a possibility risk of developing obsessive smell of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, chlorethene and chloroform.
SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Authors: Lila A. M. , Lila V. A.
Published: September 2019

Diseases of the musculoskeletal system are the most common pathologies of the modern society, yielding frequency only to diseases of respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Given the fact that they are occurred in a young, working-age population, as well as people in older age groups, the treatment of these patients consumed large financial resources, which results in a high socio-economic importance of rheumatic diseases in general. The article focuses on the prevalence of these forms of pathology in Russia and several foreign countries, material costs of the medical care of such patients (including direct, indirect and additional costs), the change of these ratios in connection with the increased longevity of the population, and the emergence of new high-tech methods of treatment, which led in some cases to a significant rise in the cost of medical services. There are discussed measures to optimize the treatment of these pathologies based on pharmaco-economic aspects.
ASPECTS OF DETERMINATION OF THIODIACETIC ACID IN URINE AS BIOMARKERS FOR INDUSTRIAL EXPOSURE TO VINYL CHLORIDE AND 1,2 -DICHLOROETHANE
Authors: Zhurba O. M.
Published: September 2019

There was developed and certified the analytical method for the determination of thiodiacetic acid in the urine in the range of from 0.1 to 10µg/cm3. The sample preparation is based on the execution of derivatization of methanol in the presence of boron trifluoride (10 wt%) followed by liquid-liquid microextraction with dimethyl ester the acid. Derivatization reaction was carried out for 15 min at 80°C. Gas chromatographic analysis was performed on a capillary column HP-5ms under the temperature gradient and splitless modes. Mass spectrometric detection occurred during the registration of selective ions (SIM). Identification of derivatives of thiodiacetic acid on the mass chromatograms was carried out by the absolute retention time (10.36 min) and the ratio of peak intensities of detected ions. The random error in the determination of component and the accuracy of the expanded uncertainty does not exceed 2 and 25%, respectively. There was made a comparative evaluation of the content of thiodiacetic acid in the urine of workers of main shops production of PVC with persons of the control group, not involved in the production. The results can be used for the identification of the fact of the exposure to toxic substances and assessment of the level of exposure and biomonitoring, as a component of health interventions for the prevention of occupational and production-related diseases.
CONDITIONS OF THE CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGE IN COAL MINERS
Authors: Kulemin Yu. E. , Minina V. I. , Sinitsky M. Yu. , Savchenko Ya. A. , Volobaev V. P.
Published: September 2019

Working in coal mines, despite all achievements of modern science and technology, still remains among the most dangerous occupations to the health. The review of researches about the chromosomal damage in coal miners was performed. We searched information in the following databases - PubMed, http://www.sciencedirect.com and in the electronic library http://elibrary.ru with the use of the search strategy adopted in the Cochrane Collaboration. Inclusion criteria were: 1) randomized, controlled original researches; 2) researches performed in 1993-2016 where coal miners were the object of the study; 3) articles described chromosomal aberrations (CAs), micronuclei (MN), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), DNA comets as biomarkers of the exposure. Exclusion criteria were other methods of the assessment of DNA damage; lack of data on the type of mines or coal mines/open-cast mines (uranium, tin, etc.); lack of access to the full text in Russian or English. As a result of the search 12 articles met selection criteria and showed a chromosomal damage in miners were selected. The results of researches performed in different countries (Russia, Turkey, Brazil, Colombia, Netherlands, Peru and India) demonstrate the increased frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in employees of coal mining industry. Damages are accumulated in cells of different types (buccal epithelium and lymphocytes) and can be detected by methods of the assessment of CAs, SCE, MN and DNA comet assay that indicating the complex basis of genotoxicants. The results of the analysis of the relationship between the cytogenetic markers, age and length of service are contradictory. The formation of occupational pulmonary diseases is accompanied by an additional induction of cytogenetic damage. In general, the analysis confirmed the high genotoxic risk of working conditions in underground as well as open-cast miners.
SILICON: ITS BIOLOGICAL IMPACT UNDER DIETARY INTAKE AND HYGIENIC STANDARDIZATION OF ITS CONTENT IN DRINKING WATER. A REVIEW
Authors: Rakhmanin Yu. A. , Egorova N. A. , Krasovsky G. N. , Mikhailova R. I. , Alekseeva A. V.
Published: September 2019

By the prevalence in the earth’s crust, silicon occupies the second place after oxygen. In different quantities silicon always presents in water and food products.The average daily dietary intake of silicon in Western world is about 20-50 mg/day. The biological role of silicon in human organism is still not clear, but it assumed to be necessary for processes of bone mineralization, collagen synthesis, it has a positive effect on the state of skin, hair, and nails, contributes to the prevention of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer disease. A number of scientific research is devoted to biological effects of silicon in animals and human subjects under intake with food and water, and substantiation of silicon (maximum admissible concentrations (MAC) in drinking water. In Chuvashia there was investigated the regional (geographical) pathology, which may be related with an increased silicon intake in association with the sharp imbalances of trace and macro elements in drinking water. Some measures were implemented to identify the possible role of silicon in etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report summarized materials for the experimental evaluation of the toxicity and harmless levels of silicon intake with food and water in animals. A series of studies was executed to simulate the development of silicon urolithiasis and for the elucidation of the role of macro- and microelements accompanying the intake of silicon into the body in stone formation. There are studied potential therapeutic effects of water soluble silicon compounds on human health. The standards of silicon in drinking water are regulated only in Russia and Australia. At the same time in our country there were formed two opposing points of view in relation to the hygienic standardization of silicon. The first is one - MAC of silicon in drinking water needs to be cancelled, the second - MAC of silicon in the water needs to be tightened. To resolve the contradictions it is advisable to use both the experience of harmonization of standards with international requirements, and the principle of silicon regional standardization, taking into consideration the biogeochemical characteristics of geographic areas. When searching the literature databases PubMed and CyberLeninka were used.
VACCINE PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS B IN ADULTS: SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE LACK OF ITS EFFICACY
Authors: Baramzina Svetlana V.
Published: September 2019

In Russia and the Kirov region (KR) there was a tendency to the reduction of the incidence rate of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in adults due to vaccine prevention. Objective is to study the impact of the additional vaccination of adults from HBV-infection in 2007-2014 on the incidence rate of chronic hepatitis B on the example of the Kirov region; to assess the level of awareness of the “naive” population concerning epidemiology, outcomes and vaccine prevention of hepatitis B in the total group and in dependence on the age. Material and Methods. We treated data of Federal Supervision Service for Consumer’s Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the Russian Federation and KR on infectious diseases for the period of 1999-2014; State report on sanitary and epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation for 1998-2014, in the KR - for 2006-2014. With the help of the original questionnaire 850 persons aged of from 16 to 80 years, resided in the city of Kirov and the Kirov region, were interviewed anonymously, in 2013-15. Out of them for the comparison there were selected 2 groups: Group 1: cases aged of 18-35 years; Group 2: persons aged of 36-59 years. Results. The reason for the slow decrease in the incidence rate of chronic hepatitis B may be poor (20.3-64%) adult immunization coverage in 2007-2012. Poll “naive” adults revealed insufficient knowledge of epidemiology and outcomes of chronic hepatitis B, a good - questions vaccination of hepatitis B (81.8%). The survey of “naive” adults revealed the level of knowledge of the epidemiology and outcomes of HBV to be insufficient, the level concerning questions of vaccine prophylaxis for HBV to be good (81.8%). Awareness of HBV-infection depended on the age. Participants from the 2nd group had higher levels of general education. They knew ways of hepatitis B virus transmission significantly better but less about adverse outcomes of hepatitis B (11.0% cases) if compared with those of group 1, they showed more negative attitude to vaccination (30.8%) and failed to anticipate the possibility of antiviral therapy of Hepatitis B (27.7%). Conclusion. The lack of awareness on the epidemiology and outcomes of hepatitis B can be one of the reasons for the refusal of vaccination in persons aged of 36-59 years. The medical community must actualize the problem of HBV-infection for promotion of immunization coverage and achieving of inoculations coverage up to 80-90%.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF COMPLEX MIXTURES OF CHEMICAL AIR POLLUTANTS ON BIOCHEMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, GONADO-, EMBRYOTOXIC INDICES OF LABORATORY ANIMALS AND HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF THEIR COMBINED ACTION
Authors: Mirzakarimova Malokhat A.
Published: September 2019

In the paper there are presented results of experimental works on the study of the character of the combined toxic effect of various complex mixtures presenting in atmospheric air. The action of complex mixtures on the organism of laboratory animals was studied in two series of experiments. In the first series of the experiments there was investigated the combined action of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and suspended substances, and in the second series of experiments - of lead acetate, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide and ammonia.The character of the combined action of lead acetate, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, ammonia under one-term inhalation is established to be manifested in the form of “effect-summation”, and the impact of such suspended substances as hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide was similar to the type of “incomplete summation”. In the joint presence of lead acetate, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, ammonia in the ambient air, the maximum permissible concentration (MPC ) for each substance should not exceed 0.25 MPC, and the hydrogen fluoride, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and suspended solids should not exceed 0.46 MPC under their isolated action .
ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION AS AN ELEMENT OF MULTI-BARRIER APPROACH TO THE WATER TREATMENT FOR THE PROTECTION AGAINST CHLORINE-RESISTANT PATHOGENS
Authors: Zholdakova Z. I. , Tulskaya E. A. , Kostuchenko S. V. , Tkachev Andrey A.
Published: September 2019

Ultraviolet disinfection is the most efficient mode in combination with other disinfection methods within multi-barrier approach for the water treatment. UV disinfection being effective against a wide range of pathogens including the chlorine-resistant (viruses and protozoa) significantly reduces chlorine byproducts. This paper presents a review of results of the implementation of multi-barrier lay-out with the application of UV disinfection at water and wastewater treatment plants of large cities: St. Petersburg and Nizhniy Novgorod.
ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF RESERVE CAPABILITIES OF THE ORGANISM OF STUDENTS ACCORDING TO INDICES OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY
Authors: Kretova Irina G. , Vedyasova O. A. , Komarova M. V. , Shiryaeva O. I.
Published: September 2019

Introduction. Currently, there is a deterioration trend in the health of the younger generation, in particular, an increasing number of persons with functional disorders of the cardiovascular system. Regarding this it is important to develop an comprehensive approach to the study of the circulatory indices in the young age with informative clinical diagnostic techniques and new ways to analyze the data. Material and methods. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices in 200 students at rest and during exercise were studied. For a more complete assessment of the functional reserves of cardiovascular system after the load the index of the normal heart rhythm restoration (SDNN) was calculated. Moreover, we built logistic models and curves of the operating characteristics. Results. At rest, no significant differences in indices of both HRV and autonomic regulation of heart rate have been identified between boys and girls aged of 16-18 years. Students of the different gender, aged of 19-22 years showed significant differences in spectral parameters of HRV, there was noted the dominance of the sympathetic component of heart rate regulation in boys and parasympathetic - in girls. In terms of physical activity in undergraduate students there is observed mainly the activation of vagal influences on the heart, in senior students the vegetative balance shifted to the direction of the increased activity of mechanisms of the sympathetic regulation. The revealed decrease of NHRR reflects the low level of the reserve capacity of the cardiovascular system in 41% out of observed students. Part of students with an increased probability of the reduction of functional cardiac disorders accounted for 42% of boys and 39% of girls among students aged 16-18 years and 36% of boys and 44% of girls among students aged of 19-22 years. Conclusion. There is a change in the nature of autonomous regulation of heart rate in students of different gender and ages from 16-18 to 19-22 years. The optimal cardiac response to stress test is observed at low baseline values of heart rate and the prevalence of the parasympathetic part of the autonomic regulation of the heart rate at rest. To assess the functional reserve of the cardiovascular system in HRV indices we recommend the calculation of NHRR and the analysis of the SDNN coefficient for the effective prediction of heart rate recovery rate after exercise testing.
RISK ASSESSMENT OF INTERNET ADDICTION FOR THE MENTAL HEALTH OF ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Shutova N. V. , Baranova Yuliya M.
Published: September 2019

We studied the effect of Internet addiction on the emotional symptoms (anxiety, aggressiveness and emotional stability) adolescents, and parental attitude to the problem of Internet addiction and Internet safety. The study involved 116 adolescents (13-14 years) and 120 parents. It was found that the level of self-evaluation, interpersonal, school and General anxiety in adolescents with Internet addiction are significantly higher than adolescents that do not have addiction. The level of aggression in adolescents with Internet addiction above the norm by 2,5 times. Adolescents with Internet addiction, three times more likely to have a low level of stress. Parents of teenagers did not know the basics of prevention of Internet addiction in their children and do not pay particular attention to the formation of information-psychological security on the Internet.
VIRAL CONTAMINANTS OF FOOD PRODUCTS AND METHODS OF THEIR DETECTION
Authors: Efimochkina Natalya R.
Published: September 2019

There were summarized data on epidemiology and the properties of several groups of viral diseases, actually or potentially capable of implementation of the food route of transmission of infection (noroviruses, hepatitis viruses A and E, adenoviruses, astroviruses, rotaviruses, “avian” and “swine” flu viruses). There were mentioned most well-known massive outbreaks of enterovirus infections in countries of South-East Asia, India, China, Europe and other regions. The importance of products of animal and vegetable origin, and also water biological resources as factors of transmission of viral infections are shown. The analysis of available methods of detection of foodborne viruses shows the execution of analysis to demand for matching of methods for extraction and concentration of samples. An important criterion of the suitability of the used variant of the extraction must be its compatibility with demands for molecular methods - the minimum number of stages of sample processing with chemical reagents, neutral pH, preservation of antigenic properties and the intact viral RNA of pathogen. With consideration of the genetic diversity of food viruses, their detection requires the assortment of effective combinations of several types of primers, probes and conditions for the amplification. The methods of the rapid control should be based on the use of most modern types of analysis, including multi-primer PCR, hybridization on nucleotide microchips, immunochromatography and ELISA. Prior to the introduction into the practice, internal and external comparative tests of express methods should be executed to confirm their resolution and interlaboratory reproducibility. The introduction of comprehensive methods for the analysis of food viruses, the creation of a monitoring system on their basis, including the order and organization of research, the collection and exchange of information by competent organizations in real time regimen, can significantly increase the effectiveness of investigating outbreaks of viral infections with food transmission, reduce the risk of cross contamination in food enterprises, reduce the likelihood of using raw materials contaminated with viral pathogens in the production process, and improve the safety of food products
STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL REORGANIZATION OF SKIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES UNDER EXPERIMENTAL SUBACUTE OF INTOXICATION BY HEAVY METALS
Authors: Nikolaeva Tatyana V. , Polyakova V. S. , Setko N. P. , Voronina L. G.
Published: September 2019

There was executed an experimental study of the effect of salts of heavy metals (nickel, chromium, lead and zinc) entering the body by peroral route, on the morphology of the skin and its derivatives (hair follicles and sebaceous glands). The experiment was performed on C57BL / 6 mice with the use of the induction of hair follicle cycle by depilation. Under the subacute intoxication with salts of nickel, chromium and lead, there were revealed such signs of a dystrophic anagen as ectopia of granules of melanin in the dermal papilla and perifollicular tissue, enlarged channels of the hair. The duration of the anagen stage if compared with the control did not change. Under the intoxication with salts of nickel and lead there was revealed infiltration by mononuclear dermis and hypodermis. Lead acetate gave rise in the capillary congestion of the dermis, followed by diapedesis of erythrocytes and infiltration of the dermis by siderophages. In the course of the immunohistochemical study of the proliferative activity of keratinocytes of the skin integument derivatives with the use of antibodies to Ki-67, there was revealed a significant increase of proliferative activity of keratinocytes in comparison with the control under the use of a solution of zinc sulphate and sodium dichromate and its decrease with the use of lead acetate solution.
ANALIZA RAZVOJA ODREĐENIH MOTORIČKIH SPOSOBNOSTI RAZLIČITO FIZIČKI AKTIVNE DECE PREDŠKOLSKOG UZRASTA
Authors: Breg Ksenija
Published: September 2019

Poslednjih godina brojna istraživanja motoričkog statusa dece predškolskog uzrasta pokazuju da su deca u ovom uzrastu manje fizički aktivna nego ranije. Po mišljenju istraživača, sve dominantniji sedentarni način života je vrlo verovatno uzrok brojnih zdravstvenih problema u detinjstvu i kasnijem životnom dobu. Istraživači predviđaju da će se i u budućnosti nastaviti trend smanjivanja fizičke aktivnosti, a samim tim i opadanje motoričkih sposobnosti uz sve veću prevalenciju prekomerne telesne mase i gojaznosti. Iako Kurikulum za predškolsko vaspitanje u predškolskom uzastu ne predviđa sistematičnog praćenja motoričkog razvoja dece, vrtići mogu imati važnu ulogu u preduzimanju koraka za prekidanje ovog trenda jer deca u njima provode značajan deo dana. Cilj predstavljene longitudinalne studije jeste analiza određenih motoričkih sposobnosti dece u periodu od jedne godine. Prigodni uzorak (N = 23) uzet je iz konkretne populacije dece uzrasta od četiri do pet godina. Merni instrument predstavljaju motorički testovi (zavisna varijabla). Nezavisnu varijablu predstavlja pohađanje dodatne sportske aktivnosti. Analizom varijanse (ANOVA) utvrđeno je da deca koja pohađaju dodatne sportske aktivnosti postižu bolje (Z ≥ .0414) rezultate na svim motoričkim testovima od dece koja ih ne pohađaju (Z ≤ –.0734). Uprkos činjenici da je razlika između dve grupe dece statistički značajna (p < .05) samo na jednom od četiri testiranja, naše pretpostavke o boljim motoričkim sposobnostima dece koja pohađaju dodatne sportske aktivnosti su potvrđene.