bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Depression, Anxiety, and Alcohol Use Among LGBTQ+ People During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Akré Ellesse-Roselee , Anderson Andrew , Stojanovski Kristefer , Chung Kara W. , VanKim Nicole A. , Chae David H.
Published: August 2021

Objectives. To describe disparities in depression, anxiety, and problem drinking by sexual orientation, sexual behavior, and gender identity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods. Data were collected May 21 to July 15, 2020, from 3245 adults living in 5 major US metropolitan areas (Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois; New Orleans, Louisiana; New York, New York; and Los Angeles, California). Participants were characterized as cisgender straight or LGBTQ+ (i.e., lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people, and men who have sex with men, and women who have sex with women not identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender).

Results. Cisgender straight participants had the lowest levels of depression, anxiety, and problem drinking compared with all other sexual orientation, sexual behavior, and gender identity groups, and, in general, LGBTQ+ participants were more likely to report that these health problems were “more than usual” during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions. LGBTQ+ communities experienced worse mental health and problem drinking than their cisgender straight counterparts during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should assess the impact of the pandemic on health inequities. Policymakers should consider resources to support LGBTQ+ mental health and substance use prevention in COVID-19 recovery efforts.
Modeling the Internet of Things network for monitoring audio information on the Amazon platform
Authors: Vishniakou U. A. , Shaya B. H.
Published: August 2021

The subject of research is modeling the structure of the Internet of things (IoT) network for controlling audio information based on the IoT platform. The purpose of the article is to detail the process of modeling the audio information monitoring network based on the IoT platform. The authors proposed the structure of a multi-agent system (MAS) for monitoring audio information (MASAI). The structure of MASAI includes many agents of sound transformation, analysis of information received from them, and decision-making. It was decided to use the IoT network, which includes sound sensors, the IoT platform, the notification service, and the user’s application to simulate the MASAI. The structure of this network using the Amazon platform is proposed. An algorithm for modeling the Internet of things network for analyzing audio information based on the AWS platform is presented, including simulating audio sensors, transmitting this information to the platform, sensors authenticating, processing information according to certain rules, generating notifications to a user. Detailed structure of the AWS platform is provided with a description of the functions of its components such as: device gateway, rule machine, certificate block, device copy block, database, analytics block, notification service. The algorithm for connecting devices to the AWS platform is given: creating a device certificate on the platform, creating a security policy, rules for processing information received from devices, and testing the network. The features of the algorithm for modeling the readings of sound information sensors on a smartphone are shown, steps are given for organizing its communication with the platform, performing security procedures, sending data in the form of an MQTT message, and displaying the captured audio information.
A selection mechanism using multi-criteria evaluation and hierarhical classifying tree for resume data processing
Authors: German O. V. , German J. O. , Nasr S.
Published: August 2021

The paper considers a problem of optimal feature selection for resume data processing by means of combining multicriteria evaluation technique and hierarhical classifying trees technology what makes it possible to build a selection mechanism without necessity to collect data for the learning purposes of real applicants. Instead, the learning data are generated by means of the technique used in a full factorial experiment with quite a restricted number of samples. The suggested approach minimizes the number of the features used in selection the best candidates and does not use the quantitative ratings of candidates replacing them with multi-phases classifying procedure. These peculiarities of the suggested selection mechanism make it more flexible and form a basis for applying it in conditions characterized by vagueness and fuzziness of the applicant data.
ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ТРАКТОВКИ ПОНЯТИЯ «УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ТРУДОМ В ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ»
Authors: СЕРГИЕВИЧ Т.
Published: August 2021

Статья посвящена генезису управления трудом в промышленности. Был обоснован момент зарождения управления трудом как науки, выделены основные существующие научные подходы к управлению трудом в промышленности, проанализированы предпосылки их возникновения и становления, влияние на дальнейшее развитие трудовых отношений.
АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ СТАНОВЛЕНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ ТЕОРИИ КЛАСТЕРОВ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ
Authors: БАХМАТОВА Е.
Published: August 2021

В статье исследуется история становления и развития теории пространственной локализации и ее современное направление – теория кластерного развития экономки. Рассматривается сущность понятия кластера как самостоятельного экономического феномена. Выделены общие и релевантные для формирования кластерной политики ключевые признаки кластера.
ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПРИРОДА ВЗАИМООБУСЛОВЛЕННОСТИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ КОНКУРЕНТОСПОСОБНОСТИ И СОЦИАЛЬНОГО КАПИТАЛА БЕЛАРУСИ И УКРАИНЫ
Authors: СОЛОДОВНИКОВ С.
Published: August 2021

Раскрыты сущность и социально-экономические механизмы взаимообусловленности экономической
конкурентоспособности и социального капитала Беларуси и Украины. Это позволило предложить пути улучшения использования имеющегося социального капитала в Республике Беларусь для обеспечения устойчивого экономического роста, в том числе: обеспечение равномерного распределения социального капитала в стране на разных социальных горизонтах; совершенствовать систему, препятствующую присвоению социального капитала, накопленного на уровне общества, национальной бюрократией; продолжать развивать механизмы партнерства общества-государства-бизнеса.
СПЕЦИФИКА УЧЕТА И УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РИСКАМИ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ
Authors: МАНЦЕРОВА Т. , ТЫМУЛЬ Е.
Published: August 2021

Постоянное развитие экономики приводит к необходимости формирования качественно новой системы
управления предприятием, адаптированной к условиям риска и неопределенности. В статье рассмотрены основные вопросы управления рисками с учетом специфики деятельности энергетических предприятий. Изложены основные отраслевые особенности проявления рисков и их анализа. Обоснована необходимость разработки методик и инструментов для выявления и снижения всех видов рисков на энергетических предприятии с учетом специфики функционирования.
Encodat 2016: Violencia de pareja y uso de tabaco, alcohol y drogas. Nuevos retos para la salud mental
Authors: Rivera-Rivera Leonor , Natera-Rey Guillermina , Séris-Martínez Marina , Leyva-López Ahidée , Zavala-Arciniega Luis , Ortega-Ceballos Paola Adanari , Reynales-Shigematsu Luz Myriam
Published: August 2021

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de violencia de pareja por sexo y su asociación con el uso de tabaco, alcohol y drogas en México. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal de la Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco 2016, que incluyó a 34 861 personas de 12 a 65 años. Se esti­maron modelos de regresión logística para obtener razones de momios (RM) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados. La prevalencia de violencia de pareja fue de 15.14%; 18.16% en mujeres y 11.89% en hombres. Factores asociados: consumo excesivo de alcohol (RM: 1.64; IC95% 1.38-1.96), consumo de tabaco (RM:1.71;IC95% 1.42-2.07), consumo de medicamentos psicotrópicos sin receta (RM: 3.72; IC95% 1.76-7.88) y consumo de marihuana (RM: 3.06; IC95%: 1.58-5.91). Conclusiones. Los resultados apoyan la necesidad de implementar intervenciones multisectoriales, fortalecer competencias psicosociales para lograr la mejora de la calidad y acceso a los servicios de salud mental y adic­ciones en México.
Effect of Musical Hearing On Anxiety, Pain, and Cardiorespiratory Parameters in Cardiac Surgery: Study Protocol of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: de Andrade Érica Vieira , Haas Vanderlei José , de Faria Maíla Fidalgo , Felix Márcia Marques dos Santos , Ferreira Maria Beatriz Guimarães , Barichello Elizabeth , Pires Patricia da Silva , Barbosa Maria Helena
Published: August 2021

Background

Preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain are frequent in cardiac surgeries and constitute important stressors for the patient, which can cause several complications. Among the various strategies that aim to alleviate these phenomena is musical hearing as a non-pharmacological intervention. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of musical hearing on preoperative state-anxiety, postoperative pain, at rest and cough stimulus, and cardiorespiratory parameters in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Methods

A randomized, parallel, simple masking clinical trial will be conducted with patients 18 years of age or older who have undergone elective cardiac surgery by sternotomy, who accept to participate in the research and sign the consent. Study participants will be randomly divided, in a 1:1 ratio, to one of the two groups, experimental (subjected to music listening for 20 minutes in the pre and postoperative period) or control (standard care in the pre and post -operative), using a randomization scheme generated by the website. The sample size calculation was obtained after conducting a pilot study.
Discussion

The results of the study may contribute to the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions in health services, highlighting the protocols of musical hearing, to minimize anxiety and pain in cardiac surgery.
Trial registration:

ReBEC RBR-8mdyhd. Posted on December 10, 2019, https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8mdyhd
Computational Analysis and First Principle Study of Electrical and Optical Properties of Fe Doped SWBNNT and its Application
Authors: Thapa Abinash , Chettri Bibek , Sarkar Arghyadeep , Pradhan Prashant Chandra , Sharma Bikash
Published: August 2021

The electrical and optical properties of One Dimension-Single Walled Boron Nitride Nanotube (1D-SWBNNT) doped with transition metal Iron are studied using the Quantum ATK. Highest direct bandgap obtained for S1 as 5.3167eV and S3 as 3.5328eV depicted the possibility of its use as a dielectric in the memory device. SWBNNT showed a consistent bandgap for varying lengths of the NT. Bandgap tunability and a moderate increase in the number of states in Density of States (DOS) plots can be achieved by the inclusion of transition metal dopants in pristine SWBNNT. In Projected-DOS (PDOS) plots we observed N and Fe atoms as the majority contributor of electronic states in the valence band and Fe atom as the main contributor in the conduction band. The inclusion of Fe dopant leads to an increase in the wavelength and optical gap. High optical conductivity for S2, S3, and S4 depicts its use as composites in photoconductive devices. The incorporation of Fe dopant led to a rise in susceptibility (χ) where S1 and S2-S4 showed a weak diamagnetic and strong paramagnetic property. BNNTs technologies are still growing, there is a need for further development bringing out its vast applications in the future.
Novel Combination of Bioleaching and Persulfate for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Metallurgical Industry Sludge
Authors: Chen Chen , Li Huidong , Cui Fengjiao , Wang Zhixia , Liu Xinxin , Jiang Gang , Cheng Tianjia , Bai Runying , Song Lei
Published: August 2021

The objective of this study was to remove heavy metals from the metallurgical industry sludge by bioleaching alone and bioleaching combined with persulfate (PDS). The results showed that the removal of Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn reached to 70%, 83.8%, 25.2% and 76.9% by bioleaching alone after 18 d, respectively. The experiment of bioleaching combined with PDS was carried out in which the optimal additive dosage of K2S2O8, 8 g/L, was added to bioleaching after 6 d. After 1 h, the removal of 4 heavy metals reached 75.1, 84.3, 36.7 and 81.6%, respectively. Compared with bioleaching alone, although the increase in removal efficiency was not obvious, the treatment cycle was distinctly shortened from 18 d to 6 d + 1 h. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the surface morphology of the sludge was changed significantly by the combined treatment. The content of heavy metals was significantly reduced after bioleaching combined with PDS by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The treated sludge mainly existed in a stable form, and the bioavailability was reduced with European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) morphology analysis. Therefore, this study proved that the combination of bioleaching and PDS was an efficient method to remove heavy metals from metallurgical industry sludge.
Characterization of the Endophyte Mycobiome in Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) Using Illumina Sequencing
Authors: Kinge Tonjock R. , Ghosh S. , Cason Errol , Gryzenhout Marieka
Published: August 2021

Cowpea is an important crop for small-scale farmers in poor areas, but is also being developed for commercial agriculture as a possible substitute for commercial legumes. Endophytic fungi are omnipresent and play crucial but diverse roles in plants. This study characterized the endophyte component of the cowpea mycobiome from leaves, main and crown stems, and roots using Illumina MiSeq of the ITS2 region of the ribosomal operon. Ascomycetes exhibited the highest diversity, with Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) assigned as Macrophomina, Cladosporium, Phoma, Fusarium and Cryptococcus, among the most dominant genera. The highest fungal species richness was found in roots followed by leaves. Certain MOTUS showed preferential colonization patterns for above or below ground tissues. Several MOTU generic groups known to include phytopathogenic species were found, with relative abundances ranging from high to very low. Phylogenetic analyses of reads for some MOTUs showed that a level of identification could be obtained to species level, while the absences of other species, including phytopathogens, could be shown. This is the first study that adopted a holistic metagenomic typing approach to study the fungal endophytes of cowpea, a crop that is so integral for low-income households of the world.
Timely Initiation of Complementary Feeding and Associated Factors Among Children aged 6-23 Months in Negelle Arsi District, Southern Ethiopia, 2019: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kebeto Hajo Denko , Abdeta Gizachew , Tejineh Solomon , Edaso AmanUrgessa
Published: August 2021

Background: The period of transition from exclusive breastfeeding to family foods, referred to as complementary feeding, covers a child from 6-23 months of age. According to World Health Organization 2015; untimely initiation of complementary feeding has negative effect on child health, growth and development and an important cause of under nutrition in children less than 5 years of age which is an underlying cause of more than 40% of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To assess the Timely Initiation of Complementary Feeding practice and Associated factors among children aged 6-23 Months in Nagelle Arsi District, Southern Ethiopia, 2019.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out. Systematic random sampling method was used to select 400 study participants. Data was collected using structured questionnaire using face to face interview. The collected data was coded, entered in to Epi-Info version 7 and then exported to SPSS version 21 for analysis.Descriptive statistics, binary and multiple logistic regressions were used for data analysis at 95% confidence intervals. A p-value <0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance. Results: Out of 398 study participants, the proportion of timely initiated complementary feeding was 296 (74.4%) at 95%CI: (70.14, 78.66). In this study Postnatal care follow up [AOR=2.484; 95% CI: (1.478, 4.176)], ANC follow up [AOR=2.221; 95% CI: (1.276, 3.876)] and maternal counseling about timely initiation of complementary feeding at delivery place were positively associated with timely initiation of complementary feeding practice [AOR=2.362; 95% CI: (1.399, 3.986)].Conclusion and recommendation: In this study, three-fourth (74.4%) of children were initiated complementary food at six months of age which was lower than the WHO cut-off point of >80%. ANC follow up, having postnatal care visits and being counseled about timely initiation of complementary feeding at place of delivery were significantly associated with timely initiation of complementary feeding. Therefore promoting ANC follow up, postnatal care visits and counseling about timely initiation of complementary feeding at delivery place were recommended to the concerned bodies to improve the coverage of timely initiation of complementary feeding practice.
Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity and Associated Factors Among Under-Five Children in Ethiopia: Evidence From the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (Emdhs); A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Gebremichael Mathewos Alemu , Mengesha Melkamu Merid , Hailegebrea’l Samuel , Abdulkadir Hanan , Wolde Biruk Bogale
Published: August 2021

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are emerging public health challenges of the 21st century. There was a 24% increase in the number of overweight children under the age of five years in low-income countries. Despite the significant risk of childhood overweight/obesity for non-communicable diseases, premature death, disability, and reproductive disorders in their adult life, little attention has been given. Therefore, we aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated factors among under-five children. Methods: This study was conducted using data from a nationally representative sample of the 2019 Ethiopia Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). The Mini EDHS was a community-based cross-sectional study that covered all the administrative regions of Ethiopia. The data collection was conducted between March 21, 2019, to June 28, 2019. Both descriptive and analytic findings were produced using STATA version 14. For associated factors, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to account for the hierarchical nature of the data. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was reported to show the strength of association and statistical significance. Results: A total 5,164 under-five children were included in this study. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 2.14 % (95% CI; 1.74-2.53) (more than two standard deviations (+2SD) above the median of the reference population) based on the body mass index (BMI) Z-score. The odds of overweight/obesity was higher among children aged less than 6 months (aOR= 5.19; 95%CI: 2.98-9.04), 6-24 months (aOR = 1.97; 95%CI: 1.18-3.29), delivered by caesarean section (aOR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.84-3.65), living in Addis Ababa city (aOR = 2.16; 95%CI: 1.59-7.81), Oromia region (aOR = 1.93; 95CI: 1.71-5.24), having mothers with the age 40-49 years (aOR = 3.91; 95%CI: 1.90-16.92), uses traditional contraceptive methods (aOR = 2.63; 95%CI: 1.66-10.47), and households headed by male (aOR = 1.71; 95%CI: 1.84-3.48). Conclusion: This study showed that childhood overweight/obesity is the problem in Ethiopia. There was an interplay of several factors that affect childhood obesity including child factors, maternal socio-demography, and healthcare utilization, and geography of residence. Therefore, strategies to reduce childhood overweight and obesity should consider a multitude of contributing factors.
Saikosaponin-d Alleviates Hepatic Fibrosis Through Regulating GPER1/autophagy Signaling
Authors: Chen Yirong , Que Renye , Zhang Na , Lin Liubing , Zhou Mengen , Li Yong
Published: August 2021

Hepatic fibrosis is the final pathway of chronic liver disease characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which eventually develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer. Emerging studies demonstrated that Saikosaponin-d (SSd) exhibits a protective role in liver fibrosis. The current study mainly explored the mechanism underlying anti-liver fibrosis of SSd in vivo and in vitro. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were used for creating liver fibrosis model in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The role of SSd in regulating liver fibrosis was assessed through Sirius red and Masson staining, and IHC assay. We found that SSd attenuated remarkably CCl4-induced liver fibrosis as evidenced by decreased collagen level, and decreased expression of fibrotic markers Col 1 and α-SMA. Meanwhile, SSd repressed autophagy activation as suggested by decreased BECN1 expression and increased p62 expression. Compared with HSCs from CCl4-treated group, the primary HSCs from SSd-treated mice exhibited a marked inactivation of autophagy. Mechanistically, SSd treatment enhanced the expression of GPER1 in primary HSCs and in TGF-β-treated LX-2 cells. GPER1 agonist G1 repressed autophagy activation, whereas GPER1 antagonist G15 activated autophagy and G15 also damaged the function of SSd on suppressing autophagy, leading to subsequent increased levels of fibrotic marker level in LX-2 cells. Collectively, our findings highlight that SSd alleviates hepatic fibrosis by regulating GPER1/autophagy pathway.
A theory of viscoelastic crack growth-Revisited (Revised)
Authors: Schapery Richard A
Published: August 2021

A theory of viscoelastic crack growth developed nearly five decades ago is generalized to allow traction in the so-called failure zone that is a function of the crack opening displacement (COD). In earlier work, except for a minor exception, traction was specified. The current model leads to a nonlinear double integral that has to be solved for the COD before crack growth can be predicted. First, a closed-form, accurate approximation is found for a linear elastic body. We then show that this COD may be easily and accurately extended to linear viscoelasticity using a realistic, broad spectrum creep compliance. An analytical relationship between stress intensity factor and crack speed then follows. Consistent with earlier work, it is defined almost entirely by creep compliance. Five different failure zone tractions are employed; their differences are shown to have little effect on the crack growth other than through a speed shift factor. The Appendix discusses initiation of growth.
Characterization and Outcomes in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection According to Body Mass Index, Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia 2020-2021
Authors: Feriz Karen Milena , Martínez Veline , Guzman Guillermo Edinson
Published: August 2021

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has undergone an accelerated expansion and was declared a pandemic in 2020. It has been responsible of millions of deaths around the world. Several factors related to severity and mortality have been described, including obesity(1,2). In United States and in Latin America, obesity has grown rapidly (3). In Colombia, 56% of the population is overweight/obese. However, in the region, association studies of SARS-CoV-2 and obesity are scarce. We sought to investigate the characterization and outcomes of patients according to body mass index in a highly complex center in Colombia.Material and Methods: The study was a prospective longitudinal observational descriptive study in patients older than 18 years treated at the Fundación Valle del Lili University Hospital in Cali, Colombia in 2020-2021, with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, clinical presentation, paraclinical characteristics and outcomes were described. Results: The average age was 48 years, 53% were men, and 66.5% were overweight or obese. Dyspnea (p = 0.003) was the most representative symptom in overweight/obesity. The severity of the disease (p = 0.02), days of stay in the ICU (p = 0.045), overall stay (p = 0.0037), and mechanical ventilation (p = 0) had relationships directly proportional to the increase in BMI (p = 0.022). Obese patients had a higher frequency of sepsis (P 0.003), need for vasopressor (P = 0.001), infectious complications (P = 0.011) and myocarditis (P = 0.03). There was no relationship with thrombotic complications.Conclusion. Overweight and obese patients have more severe symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, infectious complications, and requirements for invasive mechanical ventilation, general hospitalization and ICU stay than the normal weight population.
Attenuation of Mercury Phytotoxicity with a High Nutritional Level of Nitrate in Alfalfa Plants Grown Hydroponically
Authors: Carrasco-Gil Sandra , Ortega-Villasante Cristina , Sobrino-Plata Juan , Barón-Sola Ángel , Millán Rocío , Hernandez Luis E.
Published: August 2021

Background and aims Mercury (Hg) is one of the most dangerous pollutant heavy metals to the environment, which causes several toxic effects in plants upon accumulation, such as induction of oxidative stress. Nitrogen (N) is one of the most limiting macronutrient for plants, being mostly assimilated as NO3─ which is reduced to NO2─ by the enzyme nitrate reductase (NR), prior its reduction to NH4+.Methods We studied the physiological alterations caused by Hg (0, 6 and 30 µM) in alfalfa plants grown at two different levels of NO3─: low, (2 mM; LN), and high (12 mM; HN) for one week using a semi-hydroponic culture system.Results Several parameters of oxidative stress such as lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content, biothiol concentration and, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity showed that HN plants were less affected by Hg. Nitrate reductase activity and NO3─ concentration was altered under Hg stress, with lower impact in plants nourished with high NO3─. Conclusions Our results highlight the importance of the nitrogen nutritional status to improve tolerance to toxic metals like Hg.
The Characteristics of White Matter Hyperintensities in Patients With Migraine
Authors: Chong Catherine , Schwedt Todd J , Trivedi Meesha , Chong Brian W
Published: August 2021

BackgroundThe presence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in migraine is well-documented, but the location of brain WMH in patients with migraine are insufficiently researched. Although recent semi-automatic software packages have been developed for calculating WMH, visual inspection remains the gold standard for measuring WMH. The goal of this study was to assess WMH in patients with migraine using a modified version of the Scheltens visual rating scale, a semiquantitative scale for categorizing WMH in the following brain regions: periventricular, lobar (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital), basal ganglia, and infratentorial regions.Methods263 patients with migraine (31 male/232 female; mean age: 48.0) who were enrolled in the American Registry for Migraine Research from Mayo Clinic with a diagnosis of episodic (n = 46; 17.5%) or chronic migraine (n = 217; 82.5%) and who had brain magnetic resonance imaging were included in this study. Those with imaging evidence for gross anatomical abnormalities other than WMH were excluded. WMH were identified on axial T2 and FLAIR sequences by a board certified neuroradiologist. WMH were characterized via manual inspection and categorized according to the scale’s criteria.Results95 patients (36.1 %: mean age: 41.8) had no WMH on axial T2 and FLAIR imaging and 168 patients (63.9%, mean age: 51.4) had WMH. Of those with WMH, 94.1% (n = 158) had lobar hyperintensities (frontal: 148/158, 93.7%; parietal: 57/158, 36.1%; temporal: 35/158, 22.1%; occipital: 9/158, 5.7%), 13/168, 7.7% had basal ganglia WMH, 49/168, 29.1% had periventricular WMH, and 17/168, 10.1% had infratentorial WMH. 101/168 patients (60.1%) had bilateral WMH and 67/168 (39.9%) had unilateral WMH (34 right hemisphere /33 left hemisphere). 30.0% of patients with WMH did not have WMH reported in their clinical radiology reports.DiscussionNearly 2/3 of patients with migraine had WMH. They were most common in the lobar regions, specifically in the frontal lobe. The categorization of WMH in migraine using the modified Scheltens visual rating scale could help in future studies to clarify the relationship between WMH and headache features and might be a useful method for developing classifiers that differentiate between migraine-specific WMH and other causes of WMH.
Spin-excitation anisotropy in the nematic state of detwinned FeSe
Authors: Lu Xingye , Zhang Wenliang , Tseng Yi , Liu Ruixian , Tao Zhen , Paris Eugenio , Liu Panpan , Chen Tong , Song Yu , Yu Rong , Si Qimiao , Dai Pengcheng , Schmitt Thorsten
Published: August 2021

The origin of the electronic nematicity in FeSe, which occurs below a tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural transition temperature Ts ≈ 90 K, well above the superconducting transition temperature Tc = 9 K, is one of the most important unresolved puzzles in the study of iron-based superconductors. In both spin- and orbital-nematic models, the intrinsic magnetic excitations at Q1 = (1; 0) and Q2 = (0; 1) of twin-free FeSe are expected to behave differently below Ts. Although anisotropic spin fluctuations below 10 meV between Q1 and Q2 have been unambiguously observed by inelastic neutron scattering around Tc(<< Ts) , it remains unclear whether such an anisotropy also persists at higher energies and associates with the nematic transition Ts. Here we use resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) to probe the high-energy magnetic excitations of uniaxial-strain detwinned FeSe. A prominent anisotropy between the magnetic excitations along the H and K directions is found to persist to ~ 200 meV, which is even more pronounced than the anisotropy of spin waves in BaFe2As2. This anisotropy decreases gradually with increasing temperature and finally vanishes at a temperature around the nematic transition temperature Ts. Our results reveal an unprecedented strong spin-excitation anisotropy with a large energy scale well above the dxz/dyz orbital splitting, suggesting that the nematic phase transition is primarily spin-driven. Moreover, the measured high-energy spin excitations are dispersive and underdamped, which can be understood from a localmoment perspective. Our findings provide the much-needed understanding of the mechanism for the nematicity of FeSe and points to a unified description of the correlation physics across seemingly distinct classes of Fe-based superconductors.
Environmental conditions drive self-organisation of reaction pathways in a prebiotic reaction network
Authors: Robinson William , Daines Elena , Duppen Peer van , de Jong Thijs , Huck Wilhelm
Published: August 2021

The evolution of life from the prebiotic environment required a gradual process of chemical evolution towards greater molecular complexity. Elaborate prebiotically-relevant synthetic routes to the building blocks of life have been established. However, it is still unclear how functional chemical systems evolved with direction using only the interaction between inherent molecular chemical reactivity and the abiotic environment. Here, we demonstrate how complex systems of chemical reactions exhibit well-defined self-organisation in response to varying environmental conditions. This self-organisation allows the compositional complexity of the reaction products to be controlled as a function of factors such as feedstock and catalyst availability. We observe how Breslow’s cycle contributes to the reaction composition by feeding C2 building blocks into the network, alongside reaction pathways dominated by formaldehyde-driven chain growth. The emergence of organised systems of chemical reactions in response to changes in the environment offers a potential mechanism for a chemical evolution process that bridges the gap between prebiotic chemical building blocks and the origin of life.
Variation in Trauma Team Response Fees in United States Trauma Centers: An Additional Undisclosed Variable Cost in Trauma Care
Authors: Neeki Michael , Serrano Jan , Fanglong Dong , Chan Hiu-Kwong Chan , Fernandez Danny , Neeki Arianna S. , Vara Richard , Wong David T. , Tran Louis
Published: August 2021

Background: The rising costs associated with trauma care in the United States is an important topic in today’s healthcare environment. Factors such as innovations in technology, increasing governmental and organizational regulations, and the specialization of care have led to increasing costs to the patient. A component of trauma cost is the one-time trauma team response fee (TTRF). The determination process of TTRF’s dollar amount is elusive as no apparent standardized process exists and the literature is scant regarding this aspect of trauma care. Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional convenience sample was conducted using Survey Monkey. Surveys were sent to 525 trauma centers in the continental U.S, including Alaska and Hawaii. Responses obtained from October 8, 2019 through March 11, 2020 Results: Only 46 out of 525 trauma centers, or 18.2% of those surveyed shared their scheduled fees. Comparisons of TTRF’s among different trauma centers, activation levels, and geographical locations were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Understanding the true costs of trauma care and fees for patients in the U.S remains elusive due to inadequate data and low response rates. Trauma centers struggle to maintain financial viability as regulatory agencies and the public push for transparency of TTRF’s. Collaboration between TC’s and regulatory agencies is needed to ensure a balance between providing quality trauma care with justified associated charges and financial sustainability.
Unidirectional water pumping in zeta-potential modulated Nafion nanostructures
Authors: Esplandiu Maria Jose , Reguera David , Romero-Guzmán Daniel , Gallardo-Moreno Amparo Maria , Fraxedas Jordi
Published: August 2021

We report on a new and versatile self-driven polymer micropump fueled by salt which can trigger both radial recirculating and unidirectional fluid flows. The micropump is based on the ion-exchanger Nafion, which produces chemical gradients with the consequent local generation of electric fields capable to trigger interfacial electro-osmotic flows. By combining new nanofabrication strategies for Nafion structuring in microarrays with a fine tune modulation of the surface zeta potentials it was possible to redirect electro-osmotic flows into unidirectional pumping. The experimental data have been contrasted with numerical simulations accomplishing good agreement. Nafion micropumps work in a wide range of salt concentrations covering more than four orders of magnitude, from micromolar to the millimolar range, and can be regenerated for reusability. This novel micro-array of chemically powered Nafion pumps constitutes a very appealing proof of concept for a new generation of wireless micro/nanofluidic networks.
The Responses to CGRP in The Teritory of the Posterior Cerebral Artery in Migraine
Authors: Visocnik Darja , Zaletel Marjan , Žvan Bojana , Zupan Matija
Published: August 2021

Background

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is important in trigeminovascular (TMV) sensitization with neurogenic inflammation which might be evolved in CGRP induced headache (CGRP-IH). Distribution of white matter lesions, migraine aura and functional neuroimaging indicate that posterior circulation is especially exposed to TMV sensitization. The transcranial doppler (TCD) is able to detect changes in posterior cerebral artery (PCA) during CGRP stimulation. Thus, we studied CGRP induced hemodynamic changes in PCA and CGRP-IH using TCD.
Methods

Twenty healthy subjects and 20 patients with migraine participated in our study. TCD was used to monitored mean arterial velocity in posterior cerebral artery (vm PCA). Simultaneously End tidal carbone dioxide (Et-CO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured. During experiment we monitored the frequency of CGRP-IH. We determined the values of vmPCA, Et-CO2, MAP and HR and calculate response of vmPCA, Et-CO2, MAP and HR to CGRP. To test the differences and relationships statistical methods were applied using SSPS.
Results

We found significant decrease of vmPCA in migraine and control groups and found the vmPCA response to be significant lower in migraine (p = 0.018). Et-CO2 decreases in both groups and it is significantly lower in migraine (p > < 0.001). MAP is significantly higher in migraine(p = 0.001), while HR is not significantly higher in migraine (p = 0.570). CGRP-IH is significantly associated with vmPCA responses (p = 0.003) and migraine (p < 0.001).
Conclusion

We concluded that hemodynamic changes in PCA are significantly related to CGRP-IH. The TMV sensitization might be pronounced in posterior circulation explaining clinical and morphologic issues in migraine.
Predicting Bilayer B50, B52, B56, And B58: Structural Evolution In Bilayer B48–B72 Clusters
Authors: Yan Qiao-Qiao , Pei Ling , Li Si-Dian
Published: August 2021

The successive experimental observations of planar, cage-like, seashell-like, and bilayer Bn–/0 clusters in the size range between n = 3–48 well demonstrate the structural diversity and rich chemistry of boron nanoclusters. Based on extensive global minimum search and density functional theory calculations, we predict herein the bilayer C1 B50 (I), C2h B52 (II), C1 B56 (IV), and C2v B58 (V) as the global minima of the systems to fill in the missing gap in the bilayer B2n series between B48–B72. These highly stable species all contain a B38 bilayer hexagonal prism at the center, with 2, 2, 3, and 3 effective interlayer B-B σ-bonds formed between inward-buckled atoms on the top and bottom layers, respectively. Our bilayer C1 B50 (I) and C1 B56 (IV) prove to be obviously more stable than the previously reported monolayer planar C2v B50 and C2v B56 with two adjacent B6 hexagonal holes. Detailed bonding analyses indicate that these bilayer clusters follow the universal bonding pattern of σ + π double delocalization, making them three-dimensionally aromatic in nature. The bilayer B2n species in the size range between B48–B72 evolve gradually on the waist around the B38 or elongated B46 bilayer hexagonal prism at the center.
Clinical Analysis of Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in Diagnosis of Diffuse Lung Disease
Authors: Zhu Yefei , Zhao Xuling , Zheng Haihong , Feng Jiaxi , Wu Zhenjie , Xu Youzu
Published: August 2021

Background: Rapid advances in TBCB in recent years have allowed its gradual acceptance as a diagnostic method for DLD, and an alternative to surgical lung biopsy . However, the various guidelines have yet to provide clear recommendations for TBCB. This study investigated the diagnostic value of transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) for identifying diffuse lung disease (DLD) .Methods: The clinical data was reviewed of 34 patients who showed initial signs of diffuse lung lesions, interstitial pneumonia, bronchial asthma, lung cancer/infection, or pulmonary alveolar proteinosis; and underwent TBCB from December 2018 to March 2021. The safety and effectiveness of TBCB in identifying the etiology of DLD was analyzed.Results: Clear pathomorphological diagnoses were obtained for 27 (79.4%) patients, based on clinical characteristics and pathology: pulmonary fibrosis, adenocarcinoma, alveolar proteinosis, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, tuberculous granulomatous inflammation, and interstitial pneumonia. Four (11.8%) patients required multi-disciplinary discussion for diagnostic confirmation (of diffuse lesions, interstitial pneumonia, and lung infection). The etiology of 3 cases remained unknown. The rate of DLD diagnosis via TBCB was 91.2% (31/34). Associated with the TBCB procedure, 9 (26.5%) patients developed pneumothorax (6 mild, 3 moderate), and 29 (85.3%) post-biopsy bleeding (all grade 1, requiring suction and compression, but no other intervention or surgery). The average hospitalization cost and length of stay were 7988 RMB (1233 USD) and 5.48 days, respectively.Conclusion: TBCB is safe, cost-effective, requires a short hospitalization, and the diagnostic confirmation rate for DLD is high.
High Diversity of Small Insectivorous Mammals on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and First Description of Karyotype for four Endemics of China
Authors: Pavlova Svetlana V. , Lebedev Vladimir S. , Yakushov Vasily D. , Zhu Yongke , Fang Yun , Sun Yue-Hua , Sheftel Boris I.
Published: August 2021

Among seven species of the order Eulipotyphla (from southern Gansu and northern Sichuan Provinces, Central China) studied cytogenetically, karyotypes of one talpid species, Uropsilus aff. soricipes (2n = 36, NFa = 54), and three soricid species, Chodsigoa hypsibia (2n = 65, NFa = 66), Sorex cansulus (2n = 42, NFa = 64) and Sorex thibetanus (2n = 42, NFa = 60), are described cytogenetically for the first time. All four species are endemic to China with distribution ranges restricted to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent mountain ranges. The Ch. hypsibia karyotype consists of mostly acrocentric autosomes and one metacentric pair of autosomes; besides, a B chromosome was identified. No polymorphism was detected among karyotypes of other species, including shrews Sorex bedfordiae (2n = 26, NFa = 44), Anourosorex squamipes (2n = 48, NFa = 92) and Crocidura suaveolens (2n = 40, NFa = 44). The Chinese shrew mole U. aff. soricipes and three shrew species (S. bedfordiae, Ch. hypsibia and A. squamipes) represent autochthonous fauna of Central/Western China, whereas S. thibetanus, S. cansulus and C. suaveolens belong to phylogenetic groups occurring mostly to the north and west from China; therefore, they should be considered relatively recent colonisers. Thus, considering the relationships of the species within phylogenetic groups, our results on karyotypes are in good agreement with molecular genetic data.
Clinical and Imaging evaluation of rotator cuff tendons in Elite Waterpolo player
Authors: Ruberti Andrea , Callegari Leonardo , Ronga Mario
Published: August 2021

Background: Rotator cuff structural changes are common in overhead throwing athletes, such as baseball, javelin, swimming, volleyball, by increasing the risk of shoulder pain and injury. The structural alterations in elite waterpolo players are not well known. In elite waterpolo athletes there are structural alterations of rotator cuff tendons due to overuse of the dominant shoulder compared to the non-dominant, like in other overhead disciplines, identifiable by ultrasound (US).Methods: Asymptomatic elite men waterpolo players were selected. All athletes were evaluated with standardized scales of shoulder pain and function (Oxford Shoulder Score, Constant Shoulder Score) and provided data of training, injury and shoulder pain history. Each athlete underwent clinical evaluation of shoulders followed by US of rotator cuff, biceps and bursas. Results: Twenty-three athletes met the inclusion criteria, mean age 24.2±3.3. Fourteen athletes (61%) presented higher degeneration grade at the dominant supraspinatus compared to the contralateral, always in the same area in outfield players: anterior, lateral, pre-insertional. In twenty-two (95%) the biceps tendon was damaged: Twenty athletes (87%) bilaterally, two (9%) at the only dominant limb. The site was always at the bicipital groove in its insertion on the humerus. Power Doppler (PD) evidenced neovascularization in only five (22%) players at supraspinatus: four bilaterally, one only at the non-dominant. No statistical correlation was found between tendon degeneration and age, career years.Conclusion: Outfield waterpolo players have peculiar changes in supraspinatus at preinsertional level, as seen in other overhead throwing athletes. We found changes also in biceps, bilaterally, like in shoulders of elite swimmers. We suppose that these changes are predictive of shoulder pain and injury.
Feasibility Study of Implementing a Bio-Inspired Building Envelope for Energy Harvesting and Visual Comfort Improvement
Authors: Rizi Rana Abdollahi , Jahangiri Mehdi
Published: August 2021

A combination of sustainable architecture and renewable energy harvesting strategies are among promising path to sustainable development in construction sectors. This idea can be used on the building site and the building shell and on the scale of the building itself, which is exposed to renewable energy such as solar energy. This article aimed to analyze an adaptive façade inspired by insects’ eyes geometrical arrangement and to consider several less-attended issues, in current literature, in the process of adaptive facade design. First, there was a lack of economic objectives in adaptive façade optimization. Second, few pieces of researches attempted to include the space utility, and occupants’ activities in spaces while configuring adaptive façades towards comfort and building energy efficiency. Third, an integration of the previous items into solar water heaters was not taken into consideration through parametric approaches and Feresnel lenses materials while designing an adaptive façade for comfort and energy harvesting objectives. Given these, a parametric code was used for shaping the geometry, environmental analysis, and simulations for visual comfort consideration, heat gain, and economic analysis. Finally, after a multi-objective optimization for visual comfort, energy harvesting, and economic considerations, the best possible solution were proposed both in a kinetic and static mode. The results showed that there was 361.5 MWh annual energy harvesting potential using the proposed façade, while in comparison to the current condition of the façade, there was respectively 24.56, 15.04, and 18.23 times improvements in annual daylight performance in July, December, and March cases. Also, the economic analysis and the optimization showed that the payback time of the proposed system was 5.5 years.
TIMELAPSE Study Efficacy of Low Dose Amitriptyline Versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Chronic Insomnia In Patients With Medical Comorbidity: Study Protocol of A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Non Inferiority Trial.
Authors: Rauwerda N.L. , Knoop H. , Pot I. , Straten A. van , Rikkert M. , Zondervan A. , Timmerhuis Th.P.J. , Braamse A.M.J. , Boss H.M.
Published: August 2021

Background Insomnia is common in people with long-term medical conditions and is related to increased mortality and morbidity. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is first choice treatment and effective for people with insomnia and comorbid long-term medical conditions. However, CBT-I has some limitations as it might not always be available or appeal to patients with medical conditions. Furthermore, a small proportion of patients do not respond to CBT-I. Preliminary evidence and clinical experience suggest that low dose amitriptyline (AM) might be an effective alternative to treat insomnia in patients with medical comorbidity. In this randomized controlled trial we will determine whether AM is non-inferior to the first choice treatment for insomnia, CBT-I.Methods / design This study will test if treatment with low dose amitriptyline for insomnia in patients with medical comorbidity is non-inferior to CBT-I in a multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Participants will be 190 adults with a long-term medical condition and insomnia. Participants will be randomly allocated to one of two intervention arms: 12 weeks AM (starting with 10 mg per day, and if ineffective at 3 weeks, doubling this dose) or 12 weeks of CBT-I consisting of 6 weekly sessions and a follow up session 6 weeks later. The primary outcome is subjective insomnia severity, measured with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The primary endpoint is at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include sleep quality (e.g. sleep efficiency), questionnaires on daytime functioning (physical functioning and impairment of functioning) and symptoms (e.g. fatigue, pain, anxiety) at 12 weeks and 12 months post treatment and relapse of insomnia until 12 months after treatment. Discussion Irrespective of the outcome, this study will be a much-needed contribution to evidence based clinical guidelines on the treatment of insomnia in patients with medical comorbidity. Trail registration Dutch Trial Register, NTR NL7971, 18 August 2019