bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Luminal enhancement in intracranial aneurysms: fact or feature?—A quantitative multimodal flow analysis
Authors: Gaidzik Franziska , Pravdivtseva Mariya , Larsen Naomi , Jansen Olav , Hövener Jan-Bernd , Berg Philipp
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) wall enhancement on post-contrast vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (VW-MRI) is assumed to be a biomarker for vessel wall inflammation and aneurysm instability. However, the exact factors contributing to enhancement are not yet clarified. This study investigates the relationship between luminal enhancement and intra-aneurysmal flow behaviour to assess the suitability of VW-MRI as a surrogate method for determining quantitative and qualitative flow behaviour in the aneurysm sac.

Methods

VW-MRI signal is measured in the lumen of three patient-specific IA flow models and compared with the intra-aneurysmal flow fields obtained using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The IA flow models were supplied with two different time-varying flow regimes.

Results

Overall, the velocity fields acquired using PC-MRI or CFD were in good agreement with the VW-MRI enhancement patterns. Generally, the regions with slow-flowing blood show higher VW-MRI signal intensities, whereas high flow leads to a suppression of the signal. For all aneurysm models, a signal value above three was associated with velocity values below three cm/s.

Conclusion

Regions with lower enhancements have been correlated with the slow and high flow at the same time. Thus, further factors like flow complexity and stability can contribute to flow suppression in addition to the flow magnitude. Nevertheless, VW-MRI can qualitatively assess intra-aneurysmal flow phenomena and estimate the velocity range present in the corresponding region.
An exact lexicographic approach for the maximally risk-disjoint/minimal cost path pair problem in telecommunication networks
Authors: Pascoal Marta , Craveirinha José , Clímaco João
Published: September 2021

The paper addresses the lexicographically maximal risk-disjoint/minimal cost path pair problem that aims at finding a pair of paths between two given nodes, which is the shortest (in terms of cost) among those that have the fewest risks in common. This problem is of particular importance in telecommunication network design, namely concerning resilient routing models where both a primary and a backup path have to be calculated to minimize the risk of failure of a connection between origin and terminal nodes, in case of failure along the primary path and where bandwidth routing costs should also be minimized. An exact combinatorial algorithm is proposed for solving this problem which combines a path ranking method and a path labelling algorithm. Also an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation is shown for comparison purposes. After a theoretical justification of the algorithm foundations, this is described and tested, together with the ILP procedure, for a set of reference networks in telecommunications, considering randomly generated risks, associated with Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLGs) and arc costs. Both methods were capable of solving the problem instances in relatively short times and, in general, the proposed algorithm was clearly faster than the ILP formulation excepting for the networks with the greatest dimension and connectivity.
Mechanics of side-slipping in alpine skiing. Braking and skidded traversing
Authors: Komissarov Serguei S.
Published: September 2021

A recently proposed simple approximate theory of snow machining is applied to modelling of several basic manoeuvres of alpine skiing: fall-line side-slipping, traversing, and hockey stop. The results agree with the skiing practice and explain the abnormally high friction reported in previous field studies. They also prepare foundation for future rigorous testing of the theory, which will determine its accuracy and limits of applicability.
Beyond the Limitations of Binary Thinking: Mindfulness and the Tetralemma
Authors: Anālayo Bhikkhu
Published: September 2021

Various dimensions of the cultivation of mindfulness in its early Buddhist historical setting can be better appreciated in the light of their doctrinal background. One aspect of this doctrinal background is the ancient Indian tetralemma, which differs from the Aristotelian logic that has informed much of Western thought. The tetralemma proposes that, in addition to affirmation and denial, at times a particular situation may be more appropriately captured by a combination of both (partly yes and partly no). Or else, another situation may call for neither affirmation nor negation. Although at first sight the resultant fourfold perspective can appear puzzling, closer inspection shows this model of thought to have a considerable potential for countering mental rigidity and enabling the transcendence of binary thought patterns, thereby being perhaps relevant to research on the relationship between mindfulness and cognitive flexibility.
Modeling Forest Tree Data Using Sequential Spatial Point Processes
Authors: Yazigi Adil , Penttinen Antti , Ylitalo Anna-Kaisa , Maltamo Matti , Packalen Petteri , Mehtätalo Lauri
Published: September 2021

The spatial structure of a forest stand is typically modeled by spatial point process models. Motivated by aerial forest inventories and forest dynamics in general, we propose a sequential spatial approach for modeling forest data. Such an approach is better justified than a static point process model in describing the long-term dependence among the spatial location of trees in a forest and the locations of detected trees in aerial forest inventories. Tree size can be used as a surrogate for the unknown tree age when determining the order in which trees have emerged or are observed on an aerial image. Sequential spatial point processes differ from spatial point processes in that the realizations are ordered sequences of spatial locations, thus allowing us to approximate the spatial dynamics of the phenomena under study. This feature is useful in interpreting the long-term dependence and spatial history of the locations of trees. For the application, we use a forest data set collected from the Kiihtelysvaara forest region in Eastern Finland.
Manifestazioni non classiche dell’iperparatiroidismo primario: nuove evidenze?
Authors: Sonato Chiara , Colangelo Luciano , Occhiuto Marco , Cecchetti Veronica , Santori Rachele , Pepe Jessica , Cipriani Cristiana , Minisola Salvatore
Published: September 2021

Sommario

Le manifestazioni cliniche non classiche dell’iperparatiroidismo primario, quali quelle cardiovascolari, gastrointestinali, neuromuscolari e articolari, disturbi neuropsicologici e decadimento cognitivo, alterazione dell’ematopoiesi e un aumentato rischio oncologico, a differenza di quelle a carico dello scheletro e del rene, non vengono ad oggi indagate in maniera sistematica nello studio del paziente con tale patologia; mancano inoltre dati univoci sulla loro epidemiologia, sulle caratteristiche cliniche, sulle conseguenze sulla qualità di vita e sulle possibili modificazioni dopo intervento di paratiroidectomia. In questa rassegna verranno trattate le recenti evidenze presenti in letteratura riguardo la presenza di complicanze definite non classiche.
Reversible Magnesium Metal Anode Enabled by Cooperative Solvation/Surface Engineering in Carbonate Electrolytes
Authors: Wang Caiyun , Huang Yao , Lu Yunhao , Pan Hongge , Xu Ben Bin , Sun Wenping , Yan Mi , Jiang Yinzhu
Published: September 2021

Magnesium metal anode holds great potentials toward future high energy and safe rechargeable magnesium battery technology due to its divalent redox and dendrite-free nature. Electrolytes based on Lewis acid chemistry enable the reversible Mg plating/stripping, while they fail to match most cathode materials toward high-voltage magnesium batteries. Herein, reversible Mg plating/stripping is achieved in conventional carbonate electrolytes enabled by the cooperative solvation/surface engineering. Strongly electronegative Cl from the MgCl2 additive of electrolyte impairs the Mg…O = C interaction to reduce the Mg2+ desolvation barrier for accelerated redox kinetics, while the Mg2+-conducting polymer coating on the Mg surface ensures the facile Mg2+ migration and the effective isolation of electrolytes. As a result, reversible plating and stripping of Mg is demonstrated with a low overpotential of 0.7 V up to 2000 cycles. Moreover, benefitting from the wide electrochemical window of carbonate electrolytes, high-voltage (> 2.0 V) rechargeable magnesium batteries are achieved through assembling the electrode couple of Mg metal anode and Prussian blue-based cathodes. The present work provides a cooperative engineering strategy to promote the application of magnesium anode in carbonate electrolytes toward high energy rechargeable batteries.
Leadership Standpoints
Authors: Waisanen Don
Published: September 2021

This project offers a new leadership framework for the next generation of nonprofit professionals. Based on five years of data collected from the New York Community Trust Leadership Fellowship - designed to address leadership development gaps in the nonprofit sector - it constructs three dimensions and eleven themes for the theory and practice of leadership standpoints. Leadership standpoints are a framework for practicing inclusion, building spaces for performance, and thinking and acting with range. Those using leadership standpoints continuously interact with diverse stakeholders, constantly verify others' views and interests, and remain keenly attentive to power distributions, material constraints, and hidden or unacknowledged voices that need surfaced, while expanding their personal and social outlooks to elevate performance and meet pressing demands best addressed through broadly informed decisions. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Crown, Mitre and People in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Evans G. R.
Published: September 2021

Throughout the nineteenth century the relationship between the State and the Established Church of England engaged Parliament, the Church, the courts and – to an increasing degree – the people. During this period, the spectre of Disestablishment periodically loomed over these debates, in the cause – as Trollope put it – of 'the renewal of inquiry as to the connection which exists between the Crown and the Mitre'. As our own twenty-first century gathers pace, Disestablishment has still not materialised: though a very different kind of dynamic between Church and State has anyway come into being in England. Professor Evans here tells the stories of the controversies which have made such change possible – including the revival of Convocation, the Church's own parliament – as well as the many memorable characters involved. The author's lively narrative includes much valuable material about key areas of ecclesiastical law that is of relevance to the future Church of England.
Pragmatist Truth in the Post-Truth Age
Authors: Pihlström Sami
Published: September 2021

It is commonly believed that populist politics and social media pose a serious threat to our concept of truth. Philosophical pragmatists, who are typically thought to regard truth as merely that which is 'helpful' for us to believe, are sometimes blamed for providing the theoretical basis for the phenomenon of 'post-truth'. In this book, Sami Pihlström develops a pragmatist account of truth and truth-seeking based on the ideas of William James, and defends a thoroughly pragmatist view of humanism which gives space for a sincere search for truth. By elaborating on James's pragmatism and the 'will to believe' strategy in the philosophy of religion, Pihlström argues for a Kantian-inspired transcendental articulation of pragmatism that recognizes irreducible normativity as a constitutive feature of our practices of pursuing the truth. James himself thereby emerges as a deeply Kantian thinker.
Race and Diplomacy in Zimbabwe
Authors: Scarnecchia Timothy Lewis
Published: September 2021

The 'Rhodesian crisis' of the 1960s and 1970s, and the early 1980s crisis of independent Zimbabwe, can be understood against the background of Cold War historical transformations brought on by, among other things, African decolonization in the 1960s; the failure of American power in Vietnam and the rise of Third World political power at the UN and elsewhere. In this African history of the diplomacy of decolonization in Zimbabwe, Timothy Lewis Scarnecchia examines the relationship and rivalry between Joshua Nkomo and Robert Mugabe over many years of diplomacy, and how both leaders took advantage of Cold War racialized thinking about what Zimbabwe should be, including Anglo-American preoccupations with keeping whites from leaving after Independence. Based on a wealth of archival source materials, including materials that have recently become available through thirty-year rules in the UK and South Africa, it uncovers how foreign relations bureaucracies the US, UK, and SA created a Cold War 'race state' notion of Zimbabwe that permitted them to rationalize Mugabe's state crimes in return for Cold War loyalty to Western powers.
Retrofitting Collaboration into the New Public Management
Authors: Eppel Elizabeth , O'Leary Rosemary
Published: September 2021

This Element is about the challenges of working collaboratively in and with governments in countries with a strong New Public Management (NPM) influence. As the evidence from New Zealand analyzed in this study demonstrates, collaboration – working across organization boundaries and with the public – was not inherently a part of the NPM and was often discouraged or ignored. When the need for collaborative public management approaches became obvious, efforts centered around “retrofitting” collaboration into the NPM, with mixed results. This Element analyzes the impediments and catalysts to collaboration in strong NPM governments and concludes that significant modification of the standard NPM operational model is needed including: Alternative institutions for funding, design, delivery, monitoring and accountability; New performance indicators; Incentives and rewards for collaboration; Training public servants in collaboration; Collaboration champions, guardians, complexity translators, and stewards; and paradoxically, NPM governance processes designed to make collaborative decisions stick.
Hybrid Systems-in-Foil
Authors: Elsobky Mourad , Burghartz Joachim N.
Published: September 2021

Hybrid Systems-in-Foil (HySiF) is a concept that extends the potential of conventional More-than-More Systems-in/on-Package (SiPs and SoPs) to the flexible electronics world. In HySiF, an economical implementation of flexible electronic systems is possible by integrating a minimum number of embedded silicon chips and a maximum number of on-foil components. Here, the complementary characteristics of CMOS SoCs and larger area organic and printed electronics are combined in a HySiF-compatible polymeric substrate. Within the HySiF scope, the fabrication process steps and the integration design rules with all the accompanying boundary conditions concerning material compatibility, surface properties, and thermal budget, are defined. This Element serves as an introduction to the HySiF concept. A summary of recent ultra-thin chip fabrication and flexible packaging techniques is provided. Several bendable electronic components are presented demonstrating the benefits of HySiF. Finally, prototypes of flexible wireless sensor systems that adopt the HySiF concept are demonstrated.
Use of a Move-on Component to Increase Consumption for a Clinical Paediatric Feeding Case In-Home
Authors: Taylor Tessa
Published: September 2021

Research from specialised hospital feeding programmes in the United States has shown effectiveness of a variety of treatments for packing (not swallowing food or liquid in the mouth) to increase swallowing and consumption. One potential component used in clinical practice has not been evaluated in the literature to our knowledge. This component is move-on and involves moving on to the next bite presentation rather than waiting for swallowing (i.e., clean mouth). A 5-year-old female with autism spectrum disorder and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder participated in a home setting in Australia. We used a withdrawal/reversal single-case experimental design for a move-on component added to a treatment package. With move-on added, latency to clean mouth decreased and consumption increased to 100%. After the treatment evaluation, additional procedures (interspersal, redistribution) were needed in full plate and portion meals. Food variety was increased to 116 regular texture foods across all food groups. All (100%) of admission goals were met. Parents were trained to high procedural integrity, and the protocol was generalised to the community. Gains maintained to 1-month follow-up.
Extensions of homomorphisms between localities
Authors: Henke Ellen
Published: September 2021

We show that the automorphism group of a linking system associated to a saturated fusion system

$\mathcal {F}$

depends only on

$\mathcal {F}$

as long as the object set of the linking system is

$\mathrm {Aut}(\mathcal {F})$

-invariant. This was known to be true for linking systems in Oliver’s definition, but we demonstrate that the result holds also for linking systems in the considerably more general definition introduced previously by the author of this article. A similar result is proved for linking localities, which are group-like structures corresponding to linking systems. Our argument builds on a general lemma about the existence of an extension of a homomorphism between localities. This lemma is also used to reprove a theorem of Chermak showing that there is a natural bijection between the sets of partial normal subgroups of two possibly different linking localities over the same fusion system.
Reynolds stress scaling in the near-wall region of wall-bounded flows
Authors: Smits Alexander J. , Hultmark Marcus , Lee Myoungkyu , Pirozzoli Sergio , Wu Xiaohua
Published: September 2021

A new scaling is derived that yields a Reynolds-number-independent profile for all components of the Reynolds stress in the near-wall region of wall-bounded flows, including channel, pipe and boundary layer flows. The scaling demonstrates the important role played by the wall shear stress fluctuations and how the large eddies determine the Reynolds number dependence of the near-wall turbulence behaviour.
Queros as Inalienable Objects: Ritual Drinking Vessels and the End of the Inka Empire at Moqi (Locumba Valley, Southern Peru)
Authors: Zori Colleen
Published: September 2021

Mutual toasting using pairs of intricately carved wooden cups, called queros, was the fundamental act incorporating local communities into the Inka Empire (AD 1400–1532). These cups then remained in the possession of provincial communities and were used to reaffirm political ties in subsequent state-sponsored events. I argue that the value of these cups derives from their inalienability: they were indelibly imbued with the power of the Inka state and were objects of memory embodying the history of local–imperial relationships. Archaeologically, queros are often found in mortuary contexts, usually as pairs. This suggests that these vessels functioned to authenticate claims to authority vis-à-vis the empire for an individual or kin group. Less frequently, queros are deposited singly and in ritualized non-mortuary contexts. I review archaeological examples and present two new queros from the site of Moqi (Upper Locumba Valley, southern Peru). At Moqi, these queros were used not only to promote a shared affinity with the empire but also to commemorate the sundering of the community's ties to the Inka state on abandonment of the site. Such community expression, at the expense of personal aggrandizement, may have been particularly important at Moqi and other sites constructed and populated de novo by the Inka.
EPA and DHA confer protection against deoxynivalenol-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron imbalance in IPEC-1 cells
Authors: Lin Jia , Huang Feifei , Liang Tianzeng , Qin Qin , Xu Qiao , Huang Xingfa , Zhang Jing , Xiao Kan , Zhu Huiling , Zhao Jiangchao , Liu Yulan
Published: September 2021

This study assessed the molecular mechanism of EPA or DHA protection against intestinal porcine epithelial cell line 1 (IPEC-1) cell damage induced by deoxynivalenol (DON). The cells were divided into six groups, including the CON group, the EPA group, the DHA group, the DON group, the EPA + DON group and the DHA + DON group. RNA sequencing was used to investigate the potential mechanism, and qRT-PCR was employed to verify the expression of selected genes. Changes in ultrastructure were used to estimate pathological changes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) injury in IPEC-1 cells. Transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1) was tested by ELISA. Fe2+ and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were estimated by spectrophotometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assayed by fluorospectrophotometry. RNA sequencing analysis showed that EPA and DHA had a significant effect on the expression of genes involved in ER stress and iron balance during DON-induced cell injury. The results showed that DON increased ER damage, the content of MDA and ROS, the ratio of X-box binding protein 1s (XBP-1s)/X-box binding protein 1u (XBP-1u), the concentration of Fe2+ and the activity of TFR1. However, the results also showed that EPA and DHA decreased the ratio of XBP-1s/XBP-1u to relieve DON-induced ER damage of IPEC-1 cells. Moreover, EPA and DHA (especially DHA) reversed the factors related to iron balance. It can be concluded that EPA and DHA reversed IPEC-1 cell damage induced by DON. DHA has the potential to protect IPEC-1 cells from DON-induced iron imbalance by inhibiting ER stress.
A new, remarkably preserved, enantiornithine bird from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Henan (central China) and convergent evolution between enantiornithines and modern birds
Authors: Xu Li , Buffetaut Eric , O’Connor Jingmai , Zhang Xingliao , Jia Songhai , Zhang Jiming , Chang Huali , Tong Haiyan
Published: September 2021

A new enantiornithine bird is described on the basis of a well preserved partial skeleton from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of Henan Province (central China). It provides new evidence about the osteology of Late Cretaceous enantiornithines, which are mainly known from isolated bones; in contrast, Early Cretaceous forms are often represented by complete skeletons. While the postcranial skeleton shows the usual distinctive characters of enantiornithines, the skull displays several features, including confluence of the antorbital fenestra and the orbit and loss of the postorbital, evolved convergently with modern birds. Although some enantiornithines retained primitive cranial morphologies into the latest Cretaceous Period, at least one lineage evolved cranial modifications that parallel those in modern birds.
Protection of elephants and sustainable use of ivory in Thailand
Authors: Chaitae Apinya , Gordon Iain J. , Addison Jane , Marsh Helene
Published: September 2021

The Asian elephantElephas maximusis of cultural significance for the Thai people. The development of legal protection for elephants in Thailand dates back to the 17th century, reflecting concerns about both human livelihoods and elephant conservation. The legal status of privately owned, captive elephants differs from that of wild individuals, with consequences for the lawful use of ivory from captive animals. Prior to 2015, the lack of comprehensive measures to control the Thai ivory market enabled the laundering of illegally sourced ivory in the country. The Thai government introduced legal reforms in 2015, imposing strict controls over the possession and domestic trade of ivory from captive Asian elephants, and aligning the protection of African elephants and their ivory with CITES regulations. Nonetheless, the sustainable use of Thai ivory remains disputed, and international pressure to close the commercial trade in domestic ivory persists. Here we review this complex situation, aiming to inform future reforms. Consolidation of laws related to elephants and ivory would facilitate law enforcement and compliance. Use of an electronic database would improve the monitoring of ivory movements and aid the implementation and enforcement of laws.
Γameσσetai/γe Maσσetai: HomerIliad9.394 and the Constitutive Role of Irregularity
Authors: Ward Matthew
Published: September 2021

This paper uses a textual decision atIliad9.394 to argue for irregularity as a functional and meaningful principle in the constitution of the Homeric text. In contrast to almost all recent major editions, I argue that the ‘irregular’ MSS γαμέσσεται should be preferred to the Aristarchaean conjecture γε μάσσεται. Aristarchus’ widely adopted emendation, I suggest, is the product of a drive towards standardization that is still operative in Homeric text-critical practice. This paper opposes that standardization with the evidence of ancient, perhaps pre-Alexandrian, responses toIliad9.394, in which the ‘irregularity’ of γαμέσσεται is embraced as an interpretive opportunity. The formal disruptions of γαμέσσεται, I propose, can be understood by locating them both within the immediate context ofIliad9 and within the wider thematics of irregularity that mark the character of Achilles. This paper thus attempts to reframe our approach to the role of irregularity in theIliadas an integral feature of meaning rather than grounds for suspecting the integrity of the text.
Predictors of reading comprehension in deaf and hearing bilinguals
Authors: Cates Deborah M. , Traxler Matthew J. , Corina David P.
Published: September 2021

This study investigates reading comprehension in adult deaf and hearing readers. Using correlational analysis and stepwise regression, we assess the contribution of English language variables (e.g., vocabulary comprehension, reading volume, and phonological awareness), cognitive variables (e.g., working memory (WM), nonverbal intelligence, and executive function), and language experience (e.g., language acquisition and orthographic experience) in predicting reading comprehension in deaf and hearing adult bilinguals (native American Sign Language (ASL) signers, non-native ASL signers, and Chinese–English bilinguals (CEB)), and monolingual (ML) controls. For all four groups, vocabulary knowledge was a strong contributor to reading comprehension. Monolingual English speakers and non-native deaf signers also showed contributions from WM and spoken language phonological awareness. In contrast, CEB showed contributions of lexical strategies in English reading comprehension. These cross-group comparisons demonstrate how the inclusion of multiple participant groups helps us to further refine our understanding of how language and sensory experiences influence reading comprehension.
Regulating sense and space in late Renaissance Florence
Authors: Rombough Julia
Published: September 2021

This article examines the sounds and smells of late Renaissance Florence by analysing stone inscriptions posted in public streets and squares by the city's policing officials, the Otto di Guardia, during the Medici grand ducal period (1569–1737). The plaques contain sensory regulations prohibiting sounds, smells and sights considered socially and environmentally polluting. Unpublished archival records, printed materials and material artifacts reveal how sensory legislation developed as an increasingly public element of late Renaissance Florentine governance, while at the same time revealing how Florentines often resisted or ignored sensory regulation. Digitally mapping the sensory legislation plaques visualizes the intersections of sense, space and social history in new ways.
Art therapy and self-image: A 5-year follow-up art therapy RCT study of women diagnosed with breast cancer
Authors: Thyme Karin Egberg , Tavelin Björn , Öster Inger , Lindh Jack , Wiberg Britt
Published: September 2021

Objective

This follow-up study on perceived self-image and psychophysical distress/psychic symptoms was based on a ranomized contolled study of art therapy on women with breast cancer.

Method

The aim was to examine the long-term effects of time-limited art therapy using the instruments of Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) and Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90).

Results

Three attachment clusters of the SASB showed significant changes post therapy: Autonomous self (cluster 1), Accepting self (cluster 2), and Loving self (cluster 3). Clusters 2 and 3 continued to change in favor of the intervention group at the 5-year follow-up. There were no significant differences in the SCL-90 results between the intervention group and the control group in the follow-up study.

Significance of results

The art therapy intervention was both therapeutic and psycho-educative. The conclusion of this study is that approaching emotions through time-limited art therapy seems to have a long-lasting effect on the attachment behavioral system shown in the SASB model post intervention, and this effect remained 5 years later.
Divine Visitation: The 1662 Prayer Book’s Theology of Sickness and Plague
Authors: Olver Matthew S. C.
Published: September 2021

When it began to be clear that COVID-19 was a global phenomenon, clerics were scrambling for liturgical ways to address the crisis. But it turned out that most twentieth-century Anglican Prayers Books have few, if any, prayers for times of plague or great sickness. This was not always the case. In light of the current pandemic and the pastoral challenges it has introduced, this article explores the theology of sickness and plague in the Church of England’s 1662 Book of Common Prayer in light of the devastating history of plagues and sicknesses in England, both before and after the sixteenth-century reformations. This exploration makes use of the lens of ‘divine visitation’ as an ordering principle, one of the distinctive phrases that the Prayer Book uses repeatedly to speak of bodily illness.
A Personality-Based Measure of Employability
Authors: Boudreaux Michael J. , Ferrell Brandon T. , Hundley Nathan A. , Sherman Ryne A.
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Hogan et al. (2013) proposed a personality-based model of employability that describes individual differences in (1) being rewarding to deal with, (2) being able to learn the job, and (3) being willing to work hard. In this study, we evaluated the model by selecting subscales from the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI; Hogan & Hogan, 2007 ) that best predicted supervisor ratings of competencies related to these three constructs. The psychometric properties of those scales were examined in independent samples. Results indicated that the scales converged with similar scales from other instruments, covaried in meaningful ways with observer descriptions, and predicted supervisor ratings of job performance. The measure – which is 64% shorter than the full HPI – includes personality characteristics applicable to most jobs across multiple job families that can be used to identify successful candidates.
Electron Density Reconstruction by Ionospheric Tomography From the Combination of GNSS and Upcoming LEO Constellations
Authors: Ren Xiaodong , Mei Dengkui , Zhang Xiaohong , Freeshah Mohamed , Xiong Si
Published: September 2021

Computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT) based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data is a worthwhile project. However, predominant issues like unevenly distributed stations, lack of data, and high‐elevation GNSS signals could affect the precise information about the ionosphere. To address this problem, many previous studies were mainly improving tomographic algorithms, rather than incorporating multisource data such as data from rapidly developed upcoming Low‐Earth‐Orbit (LEO) satellites. In this paper, the potential improvements of GNSS‐based ionospheric tomography at a global scale by combining the upcoming LEO constellations is investigated. On this basis, some numerical experiments were conducted to evaluate the performances of LEO‐augmented GNSS ionospheric tomography. Specifically, the slant total electron contents (STEC) required for ionospheric tomography from ground receivers to GNSS (including GPS, GLONASS, BDS, and Galileo) and LEO satellites are simulated by the international reference ionosphere (IRI‐2016) model during low and high solar activity in 2018 and 2014, respectively. The simulated STEC values from single‐, double‐ and quad systems of GNSS constellations were first used for ionospheric tomography. Afterward, the GNSS‐based STEC values were combined with the LEO‐based simulated STEC values. The STEC values directly derived from the IRI‐2016 model that have not been used in ionospheric tomography were used as independent references. The results showed that the GNSS + LEO solutions outperform the GNSS‐only solutions overall, the STEC values obtained by GNSS + LEO solutions are more consistent with the STEC references during both high and low years of solar activity. In comparison with the STEC references, the RMS values of the CIT‐derived STEC for GNSS‐only solutions can be decreased by 15% and 20.3% at most during low and high years of solar activity, respectively.
Climate Change Is Making India’s West Coast More Vulnerable to Cyclones
Authors: Pardikar Rishika
Published: September 2021

A new study found significant increases in the intensity, frequency, and duration of cyclonic storms over the Arabian Sea. Is the west coast prepared?
Significant Emissions From Forest Drainage Ditches—An Unaccounted Term in Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Inventories?
Authors: Peacock Mike , Granath Gustaf , Wallin Marcus B. , Högbom Lars , Futter Martyn N.
Published: September 2021

Forestry is a natural climate solution for removing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and reaching net zero emissions. Managed boreal forests typically have extensive drainage ditch networks, and these can be hotspots of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, potentially offsetting the terrestrial carbon gain. However, there is a lack of data detailing GHG emissions from ditches on mineral soils, where most boreal forestry occurs. Here, we address this knowledge gap using two approaches. First, we conducted a synoptic campaign to measure summer GHG fluxes from 109 boreal forest ditches draining mineral soils within one local region. We found a clear control of ditch water level on methane (CH4), with zero emissions from dry ditches and variable, but often high, emissions from water‐filled ditches. Almost all ditches acted as sources of CO2, regardless of water status. Second, we reanalyzed a published data set of boreal forest ditches and streams across three regions where GHG concentrations had been repeatedly measured and detailed catchment information was available. Within this data set we categorized 76 ditches into mineral and peatland catchments and detected no difference in mean CH4 and CO2 concentrations between the two soil types. GHG emissions from ditches draining mineral forest soils can be as large as those from peatland forest ditches. Using literature values for forest GHG uptake we demonstrate that ditch CH4 emissions are particularly important and can offset the terrestrial CH4 uptake. Ignoring ditch emissions, which are anthropogenic in origin, will lead to incorrect estimates of the landscape‐scale forest GHG budget.
Production and persistence of specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients with hematologic malignancies: role of rituximab
Authors: Cattaneo C. , Cancelli V. , Imberti L. , Dobbs K. , Sottini A. , Pagani C. , Belotti A. , Re A. , Anastasia A. , Quaresima V. , Tucci A. , Chiorini J. A. , Su H. C. , Cohen J. I. , Burbelo P. D. , Rossi G. , Notarangelo L. D.
Published: September 2021

The ability of patients with hematologic malignancies (HM) to develop an effective humoral immune response after COVID-19 is unknown. A prospective study was performed to monitor the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 of patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (CLD), multiple myeloma (MM), or myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative syndromes (MDS/MPN). Antibody (Ab) levels to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) and spike (S) protein were measured at +1, +3, +6 months after nasal swabs became PCR-negative. Forty-five patients (9 FL, 8 DLBCL, 8 CLD, 10 MM, 10 MDS/MPS) and 18 controls were studied. Mean anti-N and anti-S-Ab levels were similar between HM patients and controls, and shared the same behavior, with anti-N Ab levels declining at +6 months and anti-S-Ab remaining stable. Seroconversion rates were lower in HM patients than in controls. In lymphoma patients mean Ab levels and seroconversion rates were lower than in other HM patients, primarily because all nine patients who had received rituximab within 6 months before COVID-19 failed to produce anti-N and anti-S-Ab. Only one patient requiring hematological treatment after COVID-19 lost seropositivity after 6 months. No reinfections were observed. These results may inform vaccination policies and clinical management of HM patients.
The biguanide polyamine analog verlindamycin promotes differentiation in neuroblastoma via induction of antizyme
Authors: Urban-Wójciuk Zuzanna , Graham Amy , Barker Karen , Kwok Colin , Sbirkov Yordan , Howell Louise , Campbell James , Woster Patrick M. , Poon Evon , Petrie Kevin , Chesler Louis
Published: September 2021

Deregulated polyamine biosynthesis is emerging as a common feature of neuroblastoma and drugs targeting this metabolic pathway such as DFMO are in clinical and preclinical development. The polyamine analog verlindamycin inhibits the polyamine biosynthesis pathway enzymes SMOX and PAOX, as well as the histone demethylase LSD1. Based on our previous research in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we reasoned verlindamycin may also unblock neuroblastoma differentiation when combined with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Indeed, co-treatment with verlindamycin and ATRA strongly induced differentiation regardless of MYCN status, but in MYCN-expressing cells, protein levels were strongly diminished. This process was not transcriptionally regulated but was due to increased degradation of MYCN protein, at least in part via ubiquitin-independent, proteasome-dependent destruction. Here we report that verlindamycin effectively induces the expression of functional tumor suppressor—antizyme via ribosomal frameshifting. Consistent with previous results describing the function of antizyme, we found that verlindamycin treatment led to the selective targeting of ornithine decarboxylase (the rate-limiting enzyme for polyamine biosynthesis) as well as key oncoproteins, such as cyclin D and Aurora A kinase. Retinoid-based multimodal differentiation therapy is one of the few interventions that extends relapse-free survival in MYCN-associated high-risk neuroblastoma and these results point toward the potential use of verlindamycin in this regimen.
Local auxin biosynthesis acts downstream of brassinosteroids to trigger root foraging for nitrogen
Authors: Jia Zhongtao , Giehl Ricardo F. H. , von Wirén Nicolaus
Published: September 2021

Lateral roots (LRs) dominate the overall root surface of adult plants and are crucial for soil exploration and nutrient acquisition. When grown under mild nitrogen (N) deficiency, flowering plants develop longer LRs to enhance nutrient acquisition. This response is partly mediated by brassinosteroids (BR) and yet unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that local auxin biosynthesis modulates LR elongation while allelic coding variants of YUCCA8 determine the extent of elongation under N deficiency. By up-regulating the expression ofYUCCA8/3/5/7and ofTryptophan Aminotransferase of Arabidopsis 1(TAA1) under mild N deficiency auxin accumulation increases in LR tips. We further demonstrate that N-dependent auxin biosynthesis in LRs acts epistatic to and downstream of a canonical BR signaling cascade. The uncovered BR-auxin hormonal module and its allelic variants emphasize the importance of fine-tuning hormonal crosstalk to boost adaptive root responses to N availability and offer a path to improve soil exploration by expanded root systems in plants.
Parental relatedness through time revealed by runs of homozygosity in ancient DNA
Authors: Ringbauer Harald , Novembre John , Steinrücken Matthias
Published: September 2021

Parental relatedness of present-day humans varies substantially across the globe, but little is known about the past. Here we analyze ancient DNA, leveraging that parental relatedness leaves genomic traces in the form of runs of homozygosity. We present an approach to identify such runs in low-coverage ancient DNA data aided by haplotype information from a modern phased reference panel. Simulation and experiments show that this method robustly detects runs of homozygosity longer than 4 centimorgan for ancient individuals with at least 0.3 × coverage. Analyzing genomic data from 1,785 ancient humans who lived in the last 45,000 years, we detect low rates of first cousin or closer unions across most ancient populations. Moreover, we find a marked decay in background parental relatedness co-occurring with or shortly after the advent of sedentary agriculture. We observe this signal, likely linked to increasing local population sizes, across several geographic transects worldwide.
An active tethering mechanism controls the fate of vesicles
Authors: An Seong J. , Rivera-Molina Felix , Anneken Alexander , Xi Zhiqun , McNellis Brian , Polejaev Vladimir I. , Toomre Derek
Published: September 2021

Vesicle tethers are thought to underpin the efficiency of intracellular fusion by bridging vesicles to their target membranes. However, the interplay between tethering and fusion has remained enigmatic. Here, through optogenetic control of either a natural tether—the exocyst complex—or an artificial tether, we report that tethering regulates the mode of fusion. We find that vesicles mainly undergo kiss-and-run instead of full fusion in the absence of functional exocyst. Full fusion is rescued by optogenetically restoring exocyst function, in a manner likely dependent on the stoichiometry of tether engagement with the plasma membrane. In contrast, a passive artificial tether produces mostly kissing events, suggesting that kiss-and-run is the default mode of vesicle fusion. Optogenetic control of tethering further shows that fusion mode has physiological relevance since only full fusion could trigger lamellipodial expansion. These findings demonstrate that active coupling between tethering and fusion is critical for robust membrane merger.
Grain-growth mediated hydrogen sorption kinetics and compensation effect in single Pd nanoparticles
Authors: Alekseeva Svetlana , Strach Michal , Nilsson Sara , Fritzsche Joachim , Zhdanov Vladimir P. , Langhammer Christoph
Published: September 2021

Grains constitute the building blocks of polycrystalline materials and their boundaries determine bulk physical properties like electrical conductivity, diffusivity and ductility. However, the structure and evolution of grains in nanostructured materials and the role of grain boundaries in reaction or phase transformation kinetics are poorly understood, despite likely importance in catalysis, batteries and hydrogen energy technology applications. Here we report an investigation of the kinetics of (de)hydriding phase transformations in individual Pd nanoparticles. We find dramatic evolution of single particle grain morphology upon cyclic exposure to hydrogen, which we identify as the reason for the observed rapidly slowing sorption kinetics, and as the origin of the observed kinetic compensation effect. These results shed light on the impact of grain growth on kinetic processes occurring inside nanoparticles, and provide mechanistic insight in the observed kinetic compensation effect.
Chromatin-based, in cis and in trans regulatory rewiring underpins distinct oncogenic transcriptomes in multiple myeloma
Authors: Alvarez-Benayas Jaime , Trasanidis Nikolaos , Katsarou Alexia , Ponnusamy Kanagaraju , Chaidos Aristeidis , May Philippa C. , Xiao Xiaolin , Bua Marco , Atta Maria , Roberts Irene A. G. , Auner Holger W. , Hatjiharissi Evdoxia , Papaioannou Maria , Caputo Valentina S. , Sudbery Ian M. , Karadimitris Anastasios
Published: September 2021

Multiple myeloma is a genetically heterogeneous cancer of the bone marrow plasma cells (PC). Distinct myeloma transcriptome profiles are primarily driven by myeloma initiating events (MIE) and converge into a mutually exclusive overexpression of the CCND1 and CCND2 oncogenes. Here, with reference to their normal counterparts, we find that myeloma PC enhanced chromatin accessibility combined with paired transcriptome profiling can classify MIE-defined genetic subgroups. Across and within different MM genetic subgroups, we ascribe regulation of genes and pathways critical for myeloma biology to unique or shared, developmentally activated or de novo formed candidate enhancers. Such enhancers co-opt recruitment of existing transcription factors, which although not transcriptionally deregulated per se, organise aberrant gene regulatory networks that help identify myeloma cell dependencies with prognostic impact. Finally, we identify and validate the critical super-enhancer that regulates ectopic expression of CCND2 in a subset of patients with MM and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Estimating direct and indirect genetic effects on offspring phenotypes using genome-wide summary results data
Authors: Warrington Nicole M. , Hwang Liang-Dar , Nivard Michel G. , Evans David M.
Published: September 2021

Estimation of direct and indirect (i.e. parental and/or sibling) genetic effects on phenotypes is becoming increasingly important. We compare several multivariate methods that utilize summary results statistics from genome-wide association studies to determine how well they estimate direct and indirect genetic effects. Using data from the UK Biobank, we contrast point estimates and standard errors at individual loci compared to those obtained using individual level data. We show that Genomic structural equation modelling (SEM) outperforms the other methods in accurately estimating conditional genetic effects and their standard errors. We apply Genomic SEM to fertility data in the UK Biobank and partition the genetic effect into female and male fertility and a sibling specific effect. We identify a novel locus for fertility and genetic correlations between fertility and educational attainment, risk taking behaviour, autism and subjective well-being. We recommend Genomic SEM be used to partition genetic effects into direct and indirect components when using summary results from genome-wide association studies.
Adjacent single-atom irons boosting molecular oxygen activation on MnO2
Authors: Gu Huayu , Liu Xiao , Liu Xiufan , Ling Cancan , Wei Kai , Zhan Guangming , Guo Yanbing , Zhang Lizhi
Published: September 2021

Efficient molecular oxygen activation is crucial for catalytic oxidation reaction, but highly depends on the construction of active sites. In this study, we demonstrate that dual adjacent Fe atoms anchored on MnO2 can assemble into a diatomic site, also called as MnO2-hosted Fe dimer, which activates molecular oxygen to form an active intermediate species Fe(O = O)Fe for highly efficient CO oxidation. These adjacent single-atom Fe sites exhibit a stronger O2 activation performance than the conventional surface oxygen vacancy activation sites. This work sheds light on molecular oxygen activation mechanisms of transition metal oxides and provides an efficient pathway to activate molecular oxygen by constructing new active sites through single atom technology.