bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Distribution of Dry Eye Disease by the New 2016 Diagnostic Criteria from the Asia Dry Eye Society
Authors: Inomata Takenori , Shiang Tina , Iwagami Masao , Sakemi Fumika , Fujimoto Keiichi , Okumura Yuichi , Ohno Mizu , Murakami Akira
Published: January 2018

Dry eye disease (DED) is a disorder of the tear film. Here, we delineate the changes in distribution of DED after diagnostic criteria changes from the 2006 Japanese Diagnostic Criteria to the 2016 Asia Dry Eye Society criteria. We included 250 right eyes of 250 patients and all patients completed ophthalmic assessments for DED. The 2006 criteria classified patients into definite DED, probable DED, and non-DED based on subjective symptoms, tear function, and/or vital staining. The 2016 criteria eliminated probable DED and classified patients into definite DED or non-DED based on subjective symptoms and decreased tear break-up time. We examined how probable DED patients were reclassified by the 2016 criteria. By the 2006 criteria, 38.8% (97/250) of patients had definite DED, 35.6% (89/250) had probable DED, and 25.6% (64/250) had non-DED. By the 2016 criteria, 66.8% (167/250) had definite DED and 33.2% (83/250) had non-DED. Among patients with probable DED using the 2006 criteria, 79.8% (71/89) were reclassified as definite DED and 20.2% (18/89) were reclassified as non-DED using the 2016 criteria. Our data revealed that prevalence of definite DED increased because most probable DED patients were reclassified as definite DED after changes in the diagnostic criteria.
Early bone tissue aging in human auditory ossicles is accompanied by excessive hypermineralization, osteocyte death and micropetrosis
Authors: Rolvien Tim , Schmidt Felix N. , Milovanovic Petar , Jähn Katharina , Riedel Christoph , Butscheidt Sebastian , Püschel Klaus , Jeschke Anke , Amling Michael , Busse Björn
Published: January 2018

Within the mineralized bone, osteocytes form a multifunctional mechanosensitive network orchestrating bone remodelling. A preserved osteocyte population is a crucial determinant of bone quality. In human auditory ossicles, the early decrease in osteocyte numbers but maintained integrity remains an unexplained phenomenon that might serve for sound transmission from air to the labyrinth. Here we analysed the frequency, size and composition of osteocyte lacunae in the auditory ossicles of 22 individuals from early postnatal period to old age. Mineralization of the bone matrix was determined using backscattered electron imaging. No signs of bone remodelling were observed above the age of 1 year. We detected characteristics of early bone tissue aging, such as decrease in osteocytes, lower total lacunar density and lacunar area, as well as high matrix mineralization accompanied by distinct accumulation of micropetrotic lacunae and decreased indentation depths. The majority of these changes took place in the first months and years of life, while afterwards only minor reorganization was present. With osteocyte apoptosis potentially being a consequence of low mechanical stimuli, the early loss of osteocytes without initiation of bone remodelling indicates an adaptive response conserving the architecture of the auditory ossicles and ensuring stable sound transmission throughout life.
Dynamical Transitions and Diffusion Mechanism in DODAB Bilayer
Authors: Dubey P. S. , Srinivasan H. , Sharma V. K. , Mitra S. , Sakai V. Garcia , Mukhopadhyay R.
Published: January 2018

Dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB), a potential candidate for applications in drug transport or DNA transfection, forms bilayer in aqueous media exhibiting a rich phase behavior. Here, we report the detailed dynamical features of DODAB bilayer in their different phases (coagel, gel and fluid) as studied by neutron scattering techniques. Elastic intensity scans show dynamical transitions at 327 K in the heating and at 311 K and 299 K during cooling cycle. These results are consistent with calorimetric studies, identified as coagel-fluid phase transition during heating, and fluid-gel and gel-coagel phase transitions during cooling. Quasielastic Neutron Scattering (QENS) data analysis showed presence of only localized internal motion in the coagel phase. However, in the gel and fluid phases, two distinct motions appear, namely lateral motion of the DODAB monomers and a faster localized internal motion of the monomers. The lateral motion of the DODAB molecule is described by a continuous diffusion model and is found to be about an order of magnitude slower in the gel phase than in the fluid phase. To gain molecular insights, molecular dynamics simulations of DODAB bilayer have also been carried out and the results are found to be in agreement with the experiment.
Genetic diversity and kelp forest vulnerability to climatic stress
Authors: Wernberg Thomas , Coleman Melinda A. , Bennett Scott , Thomsen Mads S. , Tuya Fernando , Kelaher Brendan P.
Published: January 2018

Genetic diversity confers adaptive capacity to populations under changing conditions but its role in mediating impacts of climate change remains unresolved for most ecosystems. This lack of knowledge is particularly acute for foundation species, where impacts may cascade throughout entire ecosystems. We combined population genetics with eco-physiological and ecological field experiments to explore relationships among latitudinal patterns in genetic diversity, physiology and resilience of a kelp ecosystem to climate stress. A subsequent ‘natural experiment’ illustrated the possible influence of latitudinal patterns of genetic diversity on ecosystem vulnerability to an extreme climatic perturbation (marine heatwave). There were strong relationships between physiological versatility, ecological resilience and genetic diversity of kelp forests across latitudes, and genetic diversity consistently outperformed other explanatory variables in contributing to the response of kelp forests to the marine heatwave. Population performance and vulnerability to a severe climatic event were thus strongly related to latitudinal patterns in genetic diversity, with the heatwave extirpating forests with low genetic diversity. Where foundation species control ecological structure and function, impacts of climatic stress can cascade through the ecosystem and, consequently, genetic diversity could contribute to ecosystem vulnerability to climate change.
Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal potential mechanisms linking thermal stress and depressed disease resistance in the turbot Scophthalmus maximus
Authors: Yue Xin , Huan Pin , Hu Yonghua , Liu Baozhong
Published: January 2018

A worldwide increase in the reports of diseases affecting marine organisms has paralleled the climate warming over the past few decades. In this study, we applied omics to explore the mechanisms underlying thermo-linked epizootics, by comparing both the transcriptome- and proteome-wide response of turbots to a mimic pathogen (poly I:C) between high temperature and low temperature using a time-course approach. Our results showed that myeloperoxidase (MPO) and insulin were differentially expressed transcripts shared by all five time-points post poly I:C-injection between high and low temperature and also had a consistent expression trend as differentially expressed proteins at 24 h post injection. Combined with other data, it was suggested that the elevated temperature enhanced neutrophil-mediated immunity and the resultant MPO-mediated oxidative stress, which lasted for at least 5 days. The contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls, markers of oxidative damage for lipids and proteins, respectively, were compared between different temperature groups, and the results further implied the emergence of oxidative damage under high temperature. It was also suggested that metabolism disorder likely occur considering the sustained expression changes of insulin. Hence, prolonged MPO-mediated oxidative stress and metabolic disorder might be involved in the thermo-linked epizootic.
Proactive Locomotor Adjustments Are Specific to Perturbation Uncertainty in Below-Knee Prosthesis Users
Authors: Major Matthew J. , Serba Chelsi K. , Chen Xinlin , Reimold Nicholas , Ndubuisi-Obi Franklyn , Gordon Keith E.
Published: January 2018

Sensory-motor deficits associated with below-knee amputation impair reactions to external perturbations. As such, below-knee prosthesis users rely on proactive control strategies to maintain locomotor stability. However, there are trade-offs (metabolic, comfort, etc.) associated with proactive strategies. We hypothesize that because proactive control strategies are costly, prosthesis users and non-impaired participants will use a priori knowledge (timing, direction) of an impending lateral perturbation to make specific gait adaptations only when the timing of the perturbation is known and the adaptation can be temporally-limited. This hypothesis was partially supported. When the perturbation timing was predictable, only prosthesis users, and only on their impaired side, increased their lateral margin of stability during the steps immediately preceding the perturbation when perturbation direction was either unknown or known to be directed towards their impaired side. This strategy should reduce the likelihood of requiring a corrective step to maintain stability. However, neither group exhibited substantial proactive adaptations compared to baseline walking when perturbation timing was unpredictable, independent of perturbation direction knowledge. The absence of further proactive stabilization behaviors observed in prosthesis users in anticipation of a certain but temporally unpredictable perturbation may be partially responsible for impaired balance control.
Role of P2X4 Receptor in Mouse Voiding Function
Authors: Yu Weiqun , Hill Warren G. , Robson Simon C. , Zeidel Mark L.
Published: January 2018

Purinergic signalling plays an important role in the regulation of bladder smooth muscle (BSM) contractility, and P2X4 receptor is expressed in the bladder wall, where it may act by forming heteromeric receptors with P2X1, the major purinergic force-generating muscle receptor. To test this hypothesis, we examined mouse BSM contractile properties in the absence and presence of selective P2X1 (NF449 & NF279) and P2X4 antagonists (5-BDBD). These drugs inhibited BSM purinergic contraction only partially, suggesting the possibility of a heteromeric receptor. However, carefully controlled co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that P2X1 and P2X4 do not form physically linked heteromers. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining showed that P2X4 is not present in mouse BSM per se, but in an unknown cellular structure among BSM bundles. To investigate whether deletion of P2X4 could impact voiding function in vivo, P2X4 null mice were characterized. P2X4 null mice had normal bladder weight and morphology, normal voiding spot size and number by voiding spot assay, normal voiding interval, pressure and compliance by cystometrogram, and normal BSM contractility by myography. In conclusion, these data strongly suggest that P2X4 is not present in mouse BSM cells, does not affect smooth muscle contractility and that mice null for P2X4 exhibit normal voiding function.
Peach RNA viromes in six different peach cultivars
Authors: Jo Yeonhwa , Lian Sen , Chu Hyosub , Cho Jin Kyong , Yoo Su-Hyun , Choi Hoseong , Yoon Ju-Yeon , Choi Seung-Kook , Lee Bong Choon , Cho Won Kyong
Published: January 2018

Many recent studies have demonstrated that several known and unknown viruses infect many horticultural plants. However, the elucidation of a viral population and the understanding of the genetic complexity of viral genomes in a single plant are rarely reported. Here, we conducted metatranscriptome analyses using six different peach trees representing six individual peach cultivars. We identified six viruses including five viruses in the family Betaflexiviridae and a novel virus belonging to the family Tymoviridae as well as two viroids. The number of identified viruses and viroids in each transcriptome ranged from one to six. We obtained 18 complete or nearly complete genomes for six viruses and two viroids using transcriptome data. Furthermore, we analyzed single nucleotide variations for individual viral genomes. In addition, we analyzed the amount of viral RNA and copy number for identified viruses and viroids. Some viruses or viroids were commonly present in different cultivars; however, the list of infected viruses and viroids in each cultivar was different. Taken together, our study reveals the viral population in a single peach tree and a comprehensive overview for the diversities of viral communities in different peach cultivars.
Pre-revascularization coronary wedge pressure as marker of adverse long-term left ventricular remodelling in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Marc Mãdãlin Constantin , Iancu Adrian Corneliu , Ober Camelia Diana , Homorodean Cãlin , Bãlãnescu Şerban , Sitar Adela Viviana , Bolboacã Sorana , Dregoesc Ioana Mihaela
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coronary wedge pressure (CWP), measured as a marker of pre-procedural microvascular obstruction, and left ventricular remodelling in high-risk ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Pre-revascularization CWP was measured in 25 patients with high-risk anterior STEMI. Left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction were echocardiographically measured at discharge and at follow-up. A 20% increase in left ventricular volumes was used to define remodelling. Patients with CWP ≤ 38 mmHg were characterized by late ventricular remodelling. Patients with CWP > 38 mmHg developed a progressive remodelling process which was associated with a significant 60 months increase in left ventricular volumes (P = 0.01 for end-systolic volume and 0.03 for end-diastolic volume) and a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.05). A significant increase in both left ventricular end-systolic (P = 0.009) and end-diastolic volume (P = 0.02) from baseline to 60 months follow-up was recorded in patients with extracted thrombus length ≥2 mm. Pre-revascularization elevated CWP was associated with increased left ventricular volumes and decreased ejection fraction at long-term follow-up. CWP was a predictor of severe left ventricular enlargement, besides extracted thrombus quantity.
Optimized targeted sequencing of cell-free plasma DNA from bladder cancer patients
Authors: Christensen Emil , Nordentoft Iver , Vang Søren , Birkenkamp-Demtröder Karin , Jensen Jørgen Bjerggaard , Agerbæk Mads , Pedersen Jakob Skou , Dyrskjøt Lars
Published: January 2018

Analysis of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) may provide important information in cancer research, though the often small fraction of DNA originating from tumor cells makes the analysis technically challenging. Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) has been utilized extensively as sufficient technical performance is easily achieved, but analysis is restricted to few mutations. Next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches have been optimized to provide comparable technical performance, especially with the introduction of unique identifiers (UIDs). However, the parameters influencing data quality when utilizing UIDs are not fully understood. In this study, we applied a targeted NGS approach to 65 plasma samples from bladder cancer patients. Laboratory and bioinformatics parameters were found to influence data quality when using UIDs. We successfully sequenced 249 unique DNA fragments on average per genomic position of interest using a 225 kb gene panel. Validation identified 24 of 38 mutations originally identified using ddPCR across several plasma samples. In addition, four mutations detected in associated tumor samples were detected using NGS, but not using ddPCR. CfDNA analysis of consecutively collected plasma samples from a bladder cancer patient indicated earlier detection of recurrence compared to radiographic imaging. The insights presented here may further the technical advancement of NGS mediated cfDNA analysis.
Human Skeletal Muscle Possesses an Epigenetic Memory of Hypertrophy
Authors: Seaborne Robert A. , Strauss Juliette , Cocks Matthew , Shepherd Sam , O’Brien Thomas D. , van Someren Ken A. , Bell Phillip G. , Murgatroyd Christopher , Morton James P. , Stewart Claire E. , Sharples Adam P.
Published: January 2018

It is unknown if adult human skeletal muscle has an epigenetic memory of earlier encounters with growth. We report, for the first time in humans, genome-wide DNA methylation (850,000 CpGs) and gene expression analysis after muscle hypertrophy (loading), return of muscle mass to baseline (unloading), followed by later hypertrophy (reloading). We discovered increased frequency of hypomethylation across the genome after reloading (18,816 CpGs) versus earlier loading (9,153 CpG sites). We also identified AXIN1, GRIK2, CAMK4, TRAF1 as hypomethylated genes with enhanced expression after loading that maintained their hypomethylated status even during unloading where muscle mass returned to control levels, indicating a memory of these genes methylation signatures following earlier hypertrophy. Further, UBR5, RPL35a, HEG1, PLA2G16, SETD3 displayed hypomethylation and enhanced gene expression following loading, and demonstrated the largest increases in hypomethylation, gene expression and muscle mass after later reloading, indicating an epigenetic memory in these genes. Finally, genes; GRIK2, TRAF1, BICC1, STAG1 were epigenetically sensitive to acute exercise demonstrating hypomethylation after a single bout of resistance exercise that was maintained 22 weeks later with the largest increase in gene expression and muscle mass after reloading. Overall, we identify an important epigenetic role for a number of largely unstudied genes in muscle hypertrophy/memory.
Embryonic exposure to ethanol increases the susceptibility of larval zebrafish to chemically induced seizures
Authors: Wang Keling , Chen Xiaopan , Liu Jie , Zou Li-Ping , Feng Wenke , Cai Lu , Wu Xiaoyang , Chen Shao-yu
Published: January 2018

Prenatal ethanol exposure is known to cause neurodevelopmental disorders. While high prevalence of epilepsy is observed among the children whose mothers abused alcohol during pregnancy, the results from animal studies are conflicting. Here, we investigated whether embryonic exposure to ethanol can increase the susceptibility to pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures in larval zebrafish. Embryos at 3 hours post-fertilization (hpf) were exposed to ethanol at the concentrations ranging from 0.25% to 1% for 21 hours. Control and ethanol-exposed larvae were challenged with PTZ at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf) at the concentrations of 2.5, 5 or 15 mM. The seizure behavior of larvae was recorded and analyzed using EthoVision XT 11. We found that embryonic ethanol exposure increased the percentage of larvae exhibiting typical stage II and III seizure and resulted in a significant reduction in stage I, II and III seizure latency in an ethanol concentration-dependent manner. Embryonic exposure to ethanol also significantly increased the severity of PTZ-induced seizures in larvae, as demonstrated by increased total distance traveled and the duration of mobility. This is the first demonstration that ethanol exposure during early embryonic stage can reduce the threshold for chemically induced seizures and increase the severity of seizure behavior in larval fish.
Nitrogen enrichment regulates straw decomposition and its associated microbial community in a double-rice cropping system
Authors: Guo Tengfei , Zhang Qian , Ai Chao , Liang Guoqing , He Ping , Zhou Wei
Published: January 2018

Litter bag method was conducted to investigate the decomposition characteristics of rice straw (6000 kg ha−1) and its associated microbial community under different nitrogen (N) addition rates (0, 90, 180 and 270 kg N ha−1) under double-rice rotation. Generally, straw mass reduction and nutrient release of rice straw were faster in early stage of decomposition (0−14 days after decomposition), when easily-utilized carbohydrates and amines were the preferential substrates for involved decomposers. Straw-associated N-acetyl-glucosamidase and L-leucine aminopeptidase activities, which were higher under 180 and 270 kg N ha−1 addition, showed more activities in the early stage of decomposition. Gram-positive bacteria were the quantitatively predominant microorganisms, while fungi and actinomycetes played a key role in decomposing recalcitrant compounds in late decomposition stage. Straw residue at middle decomposition stage was associated with greater cbhI and GH48 abundance and was followed by stronger β-glucosidase, β-cellobiohydrolase and β-xylosidase activities. Although enzyme activities and cellulolytic gene abundances were enhanced by 180 and 270 kg N ha−1 application, microbial communities and metabolic capability associated with rice straw were grouped by sampling time rather than specific fertilizer treatments. Thus, we recommended 180 kg N ha−1 application should be the economical rate for the current 6000 kg ha−1 rice straw returning.
Vgll3 and the Hippo pathway are regulated in Sertoli cells upon entry and during puberty in Atlantic salmon testis
Authors: Kjærner-Semb Erik , Ayllon Fernando , Kleppe Lene , Sørhus Elin , Skaftnesmo Kai , Furmanek Tomasz , Segafredo Frida T. , Thorsen Anders , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Hansen Tom , Taranger Geir Lasse , Andersson Eva , Schulz Rüdiger W. , Wargelius Anna , Edvardsen Rolf B.
Published: January 2018

Vgll3 is linked to age at maturity in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). However, the molecular mechanisms involving Vgll3 in controlling timing of puberty as well as relevant tissue and cell types are currently unknown. Vgll3 and the associated Hippo pathway has been linked to reduced proliferation activity in different tissues. Analysis of gene expression reveals for the first time that vgll3 and several members of the Hippo pathway were down-regulated in salmon testis during onset of puberty and remained repressed in maturing testis. In the gonads, we found expression in Sertoli and granulosa cells in males and females, respectively. We hypothesize that vgll3 negatively regulates Sertoli cell proliferation in testis and therefore acts as an inhibitor of pubertal testis growth. Gonadal expression of vgll3 is located to somatic cells that are in direct contact with germ cells in both sexes, however our results indicate sex-biased regulation of vgll3 during puberty.
Chemical camouflage: a key process in shaping an ant-treehopper and fig-fig wasp mutualistic network
Authors: Wang Bo , Lu Min , Cook James M. , Yang Da-Rong , Dunn Derek W. , Wang Rui-Wu
Published: January 2018

Different types of mutualisms may interact, co-evolve and form complex networks of interdependences, but how species interact in networks of a mutualistic community and maintain its stability remains unclear. In a mutualistic network between treehoppers-weaver ants and fig-pollinating wasps, we found that the cuticular hydrocarbons of the treehoppers are more similar to the surface chemical profiles of fig inflorescence branches (FIB) than the cuticular hydrocarbons of the fig wasps. Behavioral assays showed that the cuticular hydrocarbons from both treehoppers and FIBs reduce the propensity of weaver ants to attack treehoppers even in the absence of honeydew rewards, suggesting that chemical camouflage helps enforce the mutualism between weaver ants and treehoppers. High levels of weaver ant and treehopper abundances help maintain the dominance of pollinating fig wasps in the fig wasp community and also increase fig seed production, as a result of discriminative predation and disturbance by weaver ants of ovipositing non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs). Ants therefore help preserve this fig-pollinating wasp mutualism from over exploitation by NPFWs. Our results imply that in this mutualistic network chemical camouflage plays a decisive role in regulating the behavior of a key species and indirectly shaping the architecture of complex arthropod-plant interactions.
Analysis of chimera states as drive-response systems
Authors: Botha André E. , Kolahchi Mohammad R.
Published: January 2018

Chimera states are spatiotemporal segregations – stably coexisting coherent and incoherent groups – that can occur in systems of identical phase oscillators. Here we demonstrate that this remarkable phenomenon can also be understood in terms of Pecora and Carroll’s drive-response theory. By calculating the conditional Lyapunov exponents, we show that the incoherent group acts to synchronize the coherent group; the latter playing the role of a response. We also compare the distributions of finite-time conditional Lyapunov exponents to the characteristic distribution that was reported previously for chimera states. The present analysis provides a unifying explanation of the inherently frustrated dynamics that gives rise to chimera states.
Formation of Multi-Component Extracellular Matrix Protein Fibers
Authors: Ahn Seungkuk , Lee Keel Yong , Parker Kevin Kit , Shin Kwanwoo
Published: January 2018

The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of polymerized protein monomers that form a unique fibrous network providing stability and structural support to surrounding cells. We harnessed the fibrillogenesis mechanisms of naturally occurring ECM proteins to produce artificial fibers with a heterogeneous protein makeup. Using ECM proteins as fibril building blocks, we created uniquely structured multi-component ECM fibers. Sequential incubation of fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LAM) resulted in self-assembly into locally stacked fibers. In contrast, simultaneous incubation of FN with LAM or collagen (COL) produced molecularly stacked multi-component fibers because both proteins share a similar assembly mechanism or possess binding domains specific to each other. Sequential incubation of COL on FN fibers resulted in fibers with sandwiched layers because COL molecules bind to the external surface of FN fibers. By choosing proteins for incubation according to the interplay of their fibrillogenesis mechanisms and their binding domains (exposed when they unfold), we were able to create ECM protein fibers that have never before been observed.
A presumed homologue of the regulatory subunits of eIF2B functions as ribose-1,5-bisphosphate isomerase in Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3
Authors: Gogoi Prerana , Kanaujia Shankar Prasad
Published: January 2018

The homologues of the regulatory subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) are assumed to be present in archaea. Likewise, an ORF, PH0208 in Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3 have been proposed to encode one of the homologues of regulatory subunits of eIF2B. However, PH0208 protein also shares sequence similarity with a functionally non-related enzyme, ribose-1,5-bisphosphate isomerase (R15Pi), involved in conversion of ribose-1,5-bisphosphate (R15P) to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) in an AMP-dependent manner. Herein, we have determined the crystal structure of PH0208 protein in order to decipher its true function. Although structurally similar to the regulatory subunits of eIF2B, the ability to bind R15P and RuBP suggests that PH0208 would function as R15Pi. Additionally, this study for the first time reports the binding sites of AMP and GMP in R15Pi. The AMP binding site in PH0208 protein clarified the role of AMP in providing structural stability to R15Pi. The binding of GMP to the ‘AMP binding site’ in addition to its own binding site indicates that GMP might also execute a similar function, though with less specificity. Furthermore, we have utilized the resemblance between PH0208 and the regulatory subunits of eIF2B to propose a model for the regulatory mechanism of eIF2B in eukaryotes.
A single-molecule ELISA device utilizing nanofluidics
Authors: Shirai Kentaro , Mawatari Kazuma , Ohta Ryoichi , Shimizu Hisashi , Kitamori Takehiko
Published: January 2018

Single molecule analysis is desired in many areas that require the analysis of ultra-small volume and/or extremely low concentration samples (e.g., single-cell biology, medicine diagnosis, virus detection, etc.).
A liquid crystalline precursor incorporating chlorhexidine acetate and silver nanoparticles for root canal disinfection
Authors: Zheng Tengyi , Huang Xintian , Chen Jintian , Feng Disang , Mei Liling , Huang Ying , Quan Guilan , Zhu Chune , Singh Vikramjeet , Ran Hao , Pan Xin , Wu Chuan-Yu , Wu Chuanbin
Published: January 2018

The transformation of cubic lyotropic liquid crystals in root canals on coming into contact with water provided long-lasting disinfection against multidrug-resistant bacteria to avoid the endodontic reinfection and follow-up visit.
Multi-fuel surrogate chemical kinetic mechanisms for real world applications
Authors: Westbrook Charles K. , Mehl Marco , Pitz William J. , Kukkadapu Goutham , Wagnon Scott , Zhang Kuiwen
Published: January 2018

The most important driving force for development of detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms in combustion is the desire by researchers to simulate practical systems.
Surfactant-assisted fabrication of porous polymeric nanofibers with surface-enriched iron oxide nanoparticles: composite filtration materials for removal of metal cations
Authors: Peter Katherine T. , Myung Nosang V. , Cwiertny David M.
Published: January 2018

A mechanically robust, highly reactive water filter with embedded, surface-active iron oxide nanoparticles was developed for cationic heavy metal treatment.
In situformation of the active sites in Pd–Au bimetallic nanocatalysts for CO oxidation: NAP (near ambient pressure) XPS and MS study
Authors: Bukhtiyarov A. V. , Prosvirin I. P. , Saraev A. A. , Klyushin A. Yu. , Knop-Gericke A. , Bukhtiyarov V. I.
Published: January 2018

Transformation of the surface structure of HOPG-supported bimetallic Pd–Au particles in the course of CO oxidation has been demonstrated using NAP XPS and MS techniques.
1,3-Disulfoimidazolium chloronickellate immobilized HZSM-5 framework as visible-light-induced heterogeneous photocatalyst for advanced oxidation process
Authors: Saikia Susmita , Gogoi Pinky , Borah Ruli
Published: January 2018

Hybrid photocatalysts of [Dsim]2[NiCl4]/HZSM-5 were prepared by wet impregnation and their application is demonstrated as feasible heterogeneous photocatalysts for oxidative degradation of methylene blue under sunlight.
Near-infrared absorbing tetracyanobutadiene-bridged diketopyrrolopyrroles
Authors: Patil Yuvraj , Popli Charu , Misra Rajneesh
Published: January 2018

Herein we have synthesized near-infra red absorbing TCBD bridged diketopyrrolopyrroles by a [2+2] cycloaddition–retroelectrocyclization reaction in order to see the effects of end capping donors and electron-withdrawing TCBD on the optical and electrochemical properties.
Design of bright near-infrared-emitting quantum dots capped with different stabilizing ligands for tumor targeting
Authors: Liu Xijing , Zhou Peijiang , Liu Hongyu , Zhan Hongju , Zhang Qiang , Zhao Yanan , Chen Yun
Published: January 2018

Advanced research into biocompatible NIR-emitting QDs provides significant promise for long-term diagnosis and therapy through in vivo observations.
Small PLGA nanocapsules Co-encapsulating copper sulfide nanodots and fluorocarbon compound for photoacoustic imaging-guided HIFU synergistic therapy
Authors: Yao Minghua , Ma Ming , Xu Huixiong , Pan Xiaoxia , Xu Guang , Wu Rong
Published: January 2018

A nanometer-sized inor-ganic/organic hybrid enhancement agent is constructed for photoacoustic imaging-guided high intensity focused ultrasound therapy.
Synthesis of a novel polyphosphate and its application with APP in flame retardant PLA
Authors: Liu Ting , Jing Jian , Zhang Yan , Fang Zhengping
Published: January 2018

A phosphorus-containing flame retardant was synthesized via an A2 + B3 type reaction of bisphenolic acid-based monomer and phosphorus oxychloride. Then, intumescent flame retardant systems were prepared by combining PFRS with ammonium polyphosphate.
Spin-dependent and spin-independent channels of electrical transport in perovskite manganites
Authors: Qian J. J. , Qi W. H. , Li Z. Z. , Ma L. , Tang G. D. , Du Y. N. , Chen M. Y. , Wu G. H. , Hu F. X.
Published: January 2018

A model with two channels of electrical transport (TCET) for perovskite manganites is proposed, and it is described by an equivalent device with two current-carrier channels.
Methylene violet 3RAX-conjugated porphyrin for photodynamic therapy: synthesis, DNA photocleavage, and cell study
Authors: Yao Si , Zheng Yunman , Jiang Lijun , Xie Chen , Wu Fengshou , Huang Chi , Zhang Xiong , Wong Ka-Leung , Li Zaoying , Wang Kai
Published: January 2018

A novel PDT photosensitizer which features great biomedical properties can be simply prepared.
A facile route to the production of polymeric nanofibrous aerogels for environmentally sustainable applications
Authors: Liu Qiongzhen , Chen Jiahui , Mei Tao , He Xiaowei , Zhong Weibing , Liu Ke , Wang Wenwen , Wang Yuedan , Li Mufang , Wang Dong
Published: January 2018

The elastic nanofibrous aerogels can be facilely fabricated employing PVA-co-PE nanofibers suspension and demonstrate excellent candidates for environmentally sustainable applications.
Selective adsorption of C2H2 and CO2 from CH4 in an isoreticular series of MOFs constructed from unsymmetrical diisophthalate linkers and the effect of alkoxy group functionalization on gas adsorption
Authors: Chen Fengli , Wang Yao , Bai Dongjie , He Minghui , Gao Xiaoxia , He Yabing
Published: January 2018

Three MOFs based on unsymmetrical diisophthalates exhibit selective C2H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4 adsorption and their adsorption selectivity can be improved by alkoxy group functionalization.
Improved capacity of redox-active functional carbon cathodes by dimension reduction for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Tianyuan , Lee Byeongyong , Lee Michael J. , Park Jinho , Chen Zhongming , Noda Suguru , Lee Seung Woo
Published: January 2018

Two-dimensional functional carbon electrodes prepared by hydrothermal carbonization of glucose with a graphene oxide template can deliver high capacities of 250 mA h g−1 in Li-cells and 210 mA h g−1 in Na-cells.
High performance, environmentally benign and integratable Zn//MnO2microbatteries
Authors: Lai Wenhui , Wang Yang , Lei Zhanwu , Wang Ronghe , Lin Ziyin , Wong Ching-Ping , Kang Feiyu , Yang Cheng
Published: January 2018

A Zn//MnO2micro-battery cell can power a light-emitting diode (LED) and share the same fabrication platform with many flexible electronic devices.
MOF-derived α-NiS nanorods on graphene as an electrode for high-energy-density supercapacitors
Authors: Qu Chong , Zhang Lei , Meng Wei , Liang Zibin , Zhu Bingjun , Dang Dai , Dai Shuge , Zhao Bote , Tabassum Hassina , Gao Song , Zhang Hao , Guo Wenhan , Zhao Ruo , Huang Xinyu , Liu Meilin , Zou Ruqiang
Published: January 2018

α-NiS/rGO nanohybrids synthesized from water-refluxed Ni-MOF-74/rGO were applied as a high-performance hybrid supercapacitor positive electrode for the first time.
A solar actuator based on hydrogen-bonded azopolymers for electricity generation
Authors: Xiong Yubing , Zhang Lidong , Weis Philipp , Naumov Panče , Wu Si
Published: January 2018

A solar actuator is fabricated by incorporating sunlight-responsive azobenzene into agarose and the sunlight-induced motion is utilized for electricity generation.
A core/shell structured tubular graphene nanoflake-coated polypyrrole hybrid for all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Qi Kai , Hou Ruizuo , Zaman Shahid , Xia Bao Yu , Duan Hongwei
Published: January 2018

A core/shell structured tubular graphene nanoflake-coated polypyrrole hybrid is fabricated as a high-performance electrode material for all-solid-state flexible supercapacitors.
Development of fullerenes and their derivatives as semiconductors in field-effect transistors: exploring the molecular design
Authors: Zhang Yingshuang , Murtaza Imran , Meng Hong
Published: January 2018

A review to explore how to design fullerenes and their derivatives as semiconductors in field-effect transistors.
Topologically protected hybrid states in graphene–stanene–graphene heterojunctions
Authors: Mondal Chiranjit , Kumar Sourabh , Pathak Biswarup
Published: January 2018

We report a van der Waals heterostructure based graphene–stanene–graphene (C–Sn–C) quantum wall (QW), which shows a topologically protected hybrid state in the graphene–stanene interface.
Ratiometric luminescence sensing based on a mixed Ce/Eu metal–organic framework
Authors: Yue Dan , Huang Yike , Zhang Ling , Jiang Ke , Zhang Xin , Cui Yuanjing , Yu Yang , Qian Guodong
Published: January 2018

A mixed Ce/Eu metal–organic framework exhibits sensitive and selective ratiometric luminescence sensing of ascorbic acid.
Correction: Engineering highly sensitive whole-cell mercury biosensors based on positive feedback loops from quorum-sensing systems
Authors: Cai Sheng , Shen Yifei , Zou Yan , Sun Peiqing , Wei Wei , Zhao Jing , Zhang Chuan
Published: January 2018

Correction for ‘Engineering highly sensitive whole-cell mercury biosensors based on positive feedback loops from quorum-sensing systems’ by Sheng Cai, et al., Analyst, 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c7an00587c.
Investigation of charge transfer at the TiO2–MBA–Au interface based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering: SPR contribution
Authors: Han Rui , Song Wei , Wang Xu , Mao Zhu , Han Xiao Xia , Zhao Bing
Published: January 2018

Investigation of SPR contribution to interfacial charge transfer by tuning the SPR of the assemblies and excitation wavelength.
Correction: High-temperature X-ray diffraction and thermal expansion of nanocrystalline and coarse-crystalline acanthite α-Ag2S and argentite β-Ag2S
Authors: Sadovnikov S. I. , Gusev A. I. , Chukin A. V. , Rempel A. A.
Published: January 2018

Correction for ‘High-temperature X-ray diffraction and thermal expansion of nanocrystalline and coarse-crystalline acanthite α-Ag2S and argentite β-Ag2S’ by S. I. Sadovnikov et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 4617–4626.
Topoisomerases as anticancer targets
Authors: Delgado Justine L. , Hsieh Chao-Ming , Chan Nei-Li , Hiasa Hiroshi
Published: January 2018

Many cancer type-specific anticancer agents have been developed and significant advances have been made toward precision medicine in cancer treatment. However, traditional or nonspecific anticancer drugs are still important for the treatment of many cancer patients whose cancers either do not respond to or have developed resistance to cancer-specific anticancer agents. DNA topoisomerases, especially type IIA topoisomerases, are proved therapeutic targets of anticancer and antibacterial drugs. Clinically successful topoisomerase-targeting anticancer drugs act through topoisomerase poisoning, which leads to replication fork arrest and double-strand break formation. Unfortunately, this unique mode of action is associated with the development of secondary cancers and cardiotoxicity. Structures of topoisomerase–drug–DNA ternary complexes have revealed the exact binding sites and mechanisms of topoisomerase poisons. Recent advances in the field have suggested a possibility of designing isoform-specific human topoisomerase II poisons, which may be developed as safer anticancer drugs. It may also be possible to design catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerases by targeting certain inactive conformations of these enzymes. Furthermore, identification of various new bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors and regulatory proteins may inspire the discovery of novel human topoisomerase inhibitors. Thus, topoisomerases remain as important therapeutic targets of anticancer agents.
Application of kernel PCA for foetal ECG estimation
Authors: Xueyun Wei , Wei Zheng
Published: January 2018

A new method of estimating the antepartum foetal electrocardiogram (ECG) signal by kernel principal component analysis (PCA) is presented. For ECG signals collected from the body surface of the pregnant woman, the powerful maternal ECG is the most PC, compared with the foetal ECG and other noises. Utilising the correlation between the maternal components in different lead ECG signals, the maternal components can be removed from the abdominal signal to obtain the foetal ECG estimation. However, it shows a strong non‐linearity between the maternal components in every collected signal due to the diversity of propagation path. Kernel PCA can be seen as a non‐linear form of PCA which can extract the non‐linear PCs from multidimensional data. Thus, it can be applied to the multiple leads ECG signals to eliminate the maternal ECG components and estimate the foetal ECG signal precisely. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the real data experiment and compared with the existing work.
Continuous-Flow Reductive Alkylation: Synthesis of Bio-based Symmetrical and Disymmetrical Ethers
Authors: Len Christophe , Bruniaux Sophie , Luart Denis
Published: January 2018

For the first time, a reductive alkylation process in continuous flow has been elaborated for the conversion of bio-based alcohols and aldehydes into symmetrical and dissymmetrical high-value-added ethers for industrial companies. The developed method is an etherification associating liquid, solid and gas phases under green conditions (continuous flow, catalysis, bio-based starting materials).
Strategies To Access γ-Hydroxy-γ-butyrolactams
Authors: Commeiras Laurent , Mardjan Muhammad Idham Darussalam , Parrain Jean-Luc
Published: January 2018

α,β-Unsaturated γ-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactams are of a great interest due to their presence in designed pharmaceutical molecules and numerous natural products displaying a broad spectrum of biological activities. In addition, these five-membered heterocyclic compounds are also relevant and versatile building blocks in organic synthesis. In this context, strategies for the construction of these scaffolds has triggered considerable attention and this review highlights the progress in the formation of α,β-unsaturated γ-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactams (5-hydroxy-1,5-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-ones).

1 Introduction

2 Intramolecular Routes

3 Intermolecular Routes

4 Oxidation of Heterocyclic Compounds

5 Miscellaneous

6 Conclusion
Application of Trimethylsilanolate Alkali Salts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Hlaváč Jan , Bürglová Kristýna
Published: January 2018

Trimethylsilanolate alkali salts are widely used in organic synthesis, mainly due to their solubility in common organic solvents. They are frequently used as nucleophiles in ester hydrolysis, both in solution and solid-phase chemistry. However, they have also been used as mild bases or as specific reagents in some chemical transformations. Reactions employing trimethylsilanolate alkali salts as the key component are typically performed under mild reaction conditions. This review summarizes the utilization of trimethylsilanolate alkali salts in various organic transformations.

1 Introduction

2 Properties of Alkali Metal Trimethylsilanolates (TMSO[M])

3 Trimethylsilanolate Alkali Salts in Organic Synthesis

4 Conclusion
Lateral Skull Base Approaches in Pediatric Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Kazahaya Ken
Published: January 2018

Lateral skull base pathology is rare in children. Awareness of the potential for lateral skull base lesions in children is imperative for timely identification and appropriate management. Some of the common presentations and pathologies shall be presented, as well as a variety of approaches that may be utilized to access the lateral skull base in the pediatric patient. Although the lateral skull base approaches utilized in adults may also be considered for management of pediatric lesions, some special considerations given the small developing anatomy need to be kept in mind.
Empirische Einschätzung
Authors: Illichmann Ulrike
Published: January 2018

Assessmentinstrumente in der Pflegepraxis Im Pflegeprozess ist es unerlässlich, Informationen zu sammeln und zu interpretieren, um
Diagnosen zu stellen und Interventionen zu planen. Zum Einsatz kommen dabei verschiedene Assessmentinstrumente und
Pflegeklassifikationssysteme. Wie sie in der Pflegepraxis angewendet werden, erläutert unsere Autorin anhand eines Fallbeispiels.
Rechtliche Grauzone?
Authors: Melzer Ruth
Published: January 2018

Gesetzliche Grundlagen Während der Durchführung von Zwangsmaßnahmen können Pflegende schnell mit dem Gesetz in Konflikt geraten. Hinzu
kommt, dass die gesetzlichen Vorschriften zu Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Psychiatrie innerhalb der deutschen Bundesländer und in den einzelnen
Kliniken unterschiedlich gehandhabt werden. Damit Sie den Durchblick behalten, erläutert unsere Autorin die wichtigsten Paragrafen.
The KAM approach to the localization in “haarsch” quasi-periodic media
Authors: Chulaevsky Victor
Published: January 2018

We propose a Kolmogorov-Arnold–Moser type approach to the spectral analysis of lattice Schrödinger operators with quasi-periodic potentials. In the strong disorder regime, we prove uniform exponential localization and establish measure-theoretic bounds on the “resonant” sets which are substantially stronger than in prior studies on localization in deterministic disordered environments.
A sample holder for simultaneous Raman and neutron vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Gillis R. C. , Cheng Y. Q. , Gallmeier F. X. , Hartl M. A. , Huegle T. , Iverson E. B.
Published: January 2018

We have built a sample holder (called a center stick or sample stick) for performing simultaneous Raman and neutron vibrational spectroscopy on samples of material at the VISION neutron vibrational spectrometer of the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This equipment holds material samples in the neutron beam within the cryogenic environment of the VISION spectrometer, allowing for samples to be studied at temperatures as low as 5 K. It also provides the capability for gas to be loaded to or evacuated from the sample while it is loaded at VISION. The optical components for directing and filtering light are located within the cryogenic volume, in physical proximity to the sample. We describe the construction of this sample holder and discuss our first measurements of simultaneous Raman and neutron vibrational spectra. The samples that we report on were of 4-nitrophenol at a temperature of 20 K and of cryogenic hydrogen of a number of different orthohydrogen fractions.
Coexisting multiple attractors and riddled basins of a memristive system
Authors: Wang Guangyi , Yuan Fang , Chen Guanrong , Zhang Yu
Published: January 2018

In this paper, a new memristor-based chaotic system is designed, analyzed, and implemented. Multistability, multiple attractors, and complex riddled basins are observed from the system, which are investigated along with other dynamical behaviors such as equilibrium points and their stabilities, symmetrical bifurcation diagrams, and sustained chaotic states. With different sets of system parameters, the system can also generate various multi-scroll attractors. Finally, the system is realized by experimental circuits.
Web-based interactive drone control using hand gesture
Authors: Zhao Zhenfei , Luo Hao , Song Guang-Hua , Chen Zhou , Lu Zhe-Ming , Wu Xiaofeng
Published: January 2018

This paper develops a drone control prototype based on web technology with the aid of hand gesture. The uplink control command and downlink data (e.g., video) are transmitted by WiFi communication, and all the information exchange is realized on web. The control command is translated from various predetermined hand gestures. Specifically, the hardware of this friendly interactive control system is composed by a quadrotor drone, a computer vision-based hand gesture sensor, and a cost-effective computer. The software is simplified as a web-based user interface program. Aided by natural hand gestures, this system significantly reduces the complexity of traditional human-computer interaction, making remote drone operation more intuitive. Meanwhile, a web-based automatic control mode is provided in addition to the hand gesture control mode. For both operation modes, no extra application program is needed to be installed on the computer. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed system, including control accuracy, operation latency, etc. This system can be used in many applications such as controlling a drone in global positioning system denied environment or by handlers without professional drone control knowledge since it is easy to get started.