bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting stereotactic radiosurgery outcomes with multi-observer qualitative appearance labelling versus MRI radiomics
Authors: DeVries David A. , Tang Terence , Albweady Ali , Leung Andrew , Laba Joanna , Johnson Carol , Lagerwaard Frank , Zindler Jaap , Hajdok George , Ward Aaron D.
Published: November 2023

Qualitative observer-based and quantitative radiomics-based analyses of T1w contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (T1w-CE MRI) have both been shown to predict the outcomes of brain metastasis (BM) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Comparison of these methods and interpretation of radiomics-based machine learning (ML) models remains limited. To address this need, we collected a dataset of n = 123 BMs from 99 patients including 12 clinical features, 107 pre-treatment T1w-CE MRI radiomic features, and BM post-SRS progression scores. A previously published outcome model using SRS dose prescription and five-way BM qualitative appearance scoring was evaluated. We found high qualitative scoring interobserver variability across five observers that negatively impacted the model’s risk stratification. Radiomics-based ML models trained to replicate the qualitative scoring did so with high accuracy (bootstrap-corrected AUC = 0.84–0.94), but risk stratification using these replicated qualitative scores remained poor. Radiomics-based ML models trained to directly predict post-SRS progression offered enhanced risk stratification (Kaplan–Meier rank-sum p = 0.0003) compared to using qualitative appearance. The qualitative appearance scoring enabled interpretation of the progression radiomics-based ML model, with necrotic BMs and a subset of heterogeneous BMs predicted as being at high-risk of post-SRS progression, in agreement with current radiobiological understanding. Our study’s results show that while radiomics-based SRS outcome models out-perform qualitative appearance analysis, qualitative appearance still provides critical insight into ML model operation.
Denoising of blasting vibration signals based on CEEMDAN-ICA algorithm
Authors: Wenjun Bai , Yingjie Chang
Published: November 2023

Monitoring of blasting vibration signals can make the collected blasting signals noisy due to various factors such as on-site actual construction conditions, equipment, and instruments. Thus, the acquired signals should be preprocessed before analyzing the blasting vibration signals. The current study proposes a blasting vibration denoising method based on CEEMDAN-ICA to alleviate the noise component in the blasting signals effectively. The collected signal is first decomposed through the CEMMDAN algorithm to extract the IMF components of different frequency bands. Next, the collected signal is estimated using the ICA algorithm to attain corresponding ICA components. Finally, the arrangement entropy of the ICA components is calculated for signal reconstruction to attain a small noise blasting vibration signal. Simulations are performed to evaluate the feasibility of the presented algorithm and compare its efficiency with the traditional algorithms. The results demonstrate that this algorithm has specific advantages over other algorithms, which can more accurately denoise the original signal and retain the effective signals, providing a new denoising method for subsequent signal analysis.
Fresh aquaculture sludge management with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) larvae: investigation on bioconversion performances
Authors: Rossi Giacomo , Ojha Shikha , Müller-Belecke Andreas , Schlüter Oliver K.
Published: November 2023

Aquaculture solid waste (ASW) is a nutrient rich material that can pose a significant environment challenge if not properly managed. This study investigated the potential of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae in converting this waste into biomass. Five substrates comprising chicken feed supplemented with varying proportions of fresh ASW (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) were formulated and evaluated for larval growth and waste bioconversion efficiency. High nutrients retention (N: 23.25 ± 1.40%; C: 21.94 ± 0.99%; S: 12.20 ± 1.33%) and feed conversion ratio (1.78 ± 0.08) were detected on substrate 100ASW, although the limited feeding rate (114.54 ± 5.38 mg dry substrate/larvae) and the high amount of indigestible fibres (ADF = 15.87 ± 0.24%; ADL = 6.36 ± 0.17%) were translated to low larval growth (final larval average weight: 66.17 ± 1.81 mg). Decreasing ASW content resulted in reduced fibres and ash, increase in non-fibrous carbohydrates and C/N ratio, and improved larval growth and substrate utilization. However, high larval metabolic activity suggested higher nutrients loss to the environment. Substrate 75ASW demonstrated the best performances in terms of larval production (final larval average weight: 176.30 ± 12.12 mg), waste reduction (substrate reduction corrected by percentage of ASW: 26.76 ± 0.86%) and nutrients assimilation (N: 22.14 ± 1.14%; C: 15.29 ± 0.82%; S: 15.40 ± 0.99%). This substrate closely aligned with optimal BSF rearing substrates reported in literature. Overall, this study highlights the potential of BSF larvae in managing fresh ASW, offering a dual benefit of waste reduction and insect biomass production.
A multiscale accuracy assessment of moisture content predictions using time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography in mine tailings
Authors: Dimech Adrien , Isabelle Anne , Sylvain Karine , Liu Chong , Cheng LiZhen , Bussière Bruno , Chouteau Michel , Fabien-Ouellet Gabriel , Bérubé Charles , Wilkinson Paul , Meldrum Philip , Chambers Jonathan
Published: November 2023

Accurate and large-scale assessment of volumetric water content (VWC) plays a critical role in mining waste monitoring to mitigate potential geotechnical and environmental risks. In recent years, time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (TL-ERT) has emerged as a promising monitoring approach that can be used in combination with traditional invasive and point-measurements techniques to estimate VWC in mine tailings. Moreover, the bulk electrical conductivity (EC) imaged using TL-ERT can be converted into VWC in the field using petrophysical relationships calibrated in the laboratory. This study is the first to assess the scale effect on the accuracy of ERT-predicted VWC in tailings. Simultaneous and co-located monitoring of bulk EC and VWC are carried out in tailings at five different scales, in the laboratory and in the field. The hydrogeophysical datasets are used to calibrate a petrophysical model used to predict VWC from TL-ERT data. Overall, the accuracy of ERT-predicted VWC is$$\pm 0.03~\textrm{m}^3/\textrm{m}^3$$±0.03m3/m3, and the petrophysical models determined at sample-scale in the laboratory remain valid at larger scales. Notably, the impact of temperature and pore water EC evolution plays a major role in VWC predictions at the field scale (tenfold reduction of accuracy) and, therefore, must be properly taken into account during the TL-ERT data processing using complementary hydrogeological sensors. Based on these results, we suggest that future studies using TL-ERT to predict VWC in mine tailings could use sample-scale laboratory apparatus similar to the electrical resistivity Tempe cell presented here to calibrate petrophysical models and carefully upscale them to field applications.
DNA metabarcoding reveals consumption of diverse community of amphibians by invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in the southeastern United States
Authors: Canright Vienna R. , Piaggio Antoinette J. , Chinn Sarah M. , Giglio Rachael M. , Craine Joseph M. , Beasley James C.
Published: November 2023

Invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one of the most widespread, destructive vertebrate species globally. Their success can largely be attributed to their generalist diets, which are dominated by plant material but also include diverse animal taxa. Wild pigs are demonstrated nest predators of ground-nesting birds and reptiles, and likely pose a threat to amphibians given their extensive overlap in wetland use. DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples from 222 adult wild pigs culled monthly from 2017 to 2018 revealed a diverse diet dominated by plant material, with 166 plant genera from 56 families and 18 vertebrate species identified. Diet composition varied seasonally with availability for plants and was consistent between sexes. Amphibians were the most frequent vertebrate group consumed and represented the majority of vertebrate species detected, suggesting amphibians are potentially vulnerable to predation by wild pigs in our study region. Mammal, reptile, and bird species were also detected in pig diets, but infrequently. Our results highlight the need for research on the impacts of wild pigs on amphibians to better inform management and conservation of imperiled species.
Electronic and magnetic properties of 2D vanadium-based transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Jafari Mirali , Rudziński Wojciech , Barnaś Józef , Dyrdał Anna
Published: November 2023

In this paper, electronic and magnetic properties of monolayers and bilayers of Vanadium-based transition metal dichalcogenides VX2(X = S, Se, Te) in the H phase are investigated theoretically using methods based on DFT calculations as well as analytical methods based on effective spin Hamiltonians. The band structure has been computed for all systems, and then the results have been used to determine exchange parameters and magnetic anisotropy constants. These parameters are subsequently used for the determination of the Curie temperatures, hysteresis curves, and energy of spin-wave excitations. In the latter case, we compare analytical results based on effective spin Hamiltonian with those determined numerically by Quantum ATK software and find a good agreement. The determined Curie temperature for VTe2monolayers and bilayers is below the room temperature (especially that for bilayers), while for the other two materials, i.e. for VS2and VSe2, it is above the room temperature, in agreement with available experimental data.
Antioxidant effects of phenolic compounds in through the distillation of Lonicera japonica & Chenpi extract and anti-inflammation on skin keratinocyte
Authors: Kim Hun Hwan , Jeong Se Hyo , Park Min Yeong , Bhosale Pritam Bhangwan , Abusaliya Abuyaseer , Kim Hyun Wook , Seong Je Kyung , Ahn Meejung , Park Kwang Il , Kim Gon Sup
Published: November 2023

The phenolic compounds in Lonicera japonica & Chenpi distillation extract (LCDE) were thoroughly examined for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Phenolic compounds in LCDE were analyzed for five peaks using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) and determined. Five phenolic compounds were identified from the samples and MS data. Ultrafiltration with LC analysis was used to investigate the ability of bioactive compounds to target DPPH. As a result, it was confirmed that the major compounds exhibited a high binding affinity to DPPH and could be regarded as antioxidant-active compounds. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect of LCDE was confirmed in vitro, and signal inhibition of anti-inflammation cytokines, MAPK and NF-kB pathways was confirmed. Finally, Molecular docking analysis supplements the anti-inflammatory effect through the binding affinity of selected compounds and inflammatory factors. In conclusion, the phenolic compounds of the LCDE were identified and potential active compounds for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were identified. Additionally, this study will be utilized to provide basic information for the application of LCDE in the pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical cosmetics industries along with information on efficient screening techniques for other medicinal plants.
Assessment of mycotoxins in cornflakes marketed in Lebanon
Authors: Hassan Hussein F. , Awada Farah , Dimassi Hani , El Ahmadieh Christina , Hassan Nour Bachar , El Khatib Sami , Alwan Nisreen , Abiad Mohamad G. , Serhan Mireille , Darra Nada El
Published: November 2023

Cornflakes are a popular and convenient breakfast cereal made from corn and widely consumed worldwide, including in Lebanon. However, they are susceptible to mycotoxin contamination, which can have harmful effects on human health. Our study evaluated the occurrence of five mycotoxins (AFB1, OTA, FUM, ZEA, DON) levels in packed cornflakes marketed in Lebanon. A market screening identified 35 different cornflake stock-keeping units (SKU) in the Lebanese market, originating from 10 different brands and having different tastes and shapes. SKUs were collected and tested for five mycotoxins in triplicates using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The results showed the presence of the five mycotoxins in the samples. The average levels of AFB1, OTA, ZEA and FUM among positive samples (above limit of detection) were 1.58, 1.2, 15.1 and 774.1 μg/kg, respectively, and were below the EU limits. On the other hand, the average level of DON was 1206.7 μg/kg, exceeding the EU limit. Furthermore, out of the positive samples, 60%, 17%, 9%, 14%, and 6% exceeded the EU limits for DON, OTA, AFB1, FUM, and ZEA, respectively. Notably, SKUs made in Lebanon had significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of AFB1 and FUM. The packing size of the cornflakes had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on the levels of the five mycotoxins detected in the samples. AFB1, FUM and ZEA levels differed significantly among SKUs (p > 0.05). Considering these findings, further studies should be conducted to assess the exposure to mycotoxins from the consumption of cornflakes in Lebanon, especially among children.
Probabilistic and rich individual working memories revealed by a betting game
Authors: Jabar Syaheed B. , Sreenivasan Kartik K. , Lentzou Stergiani , Kanabar Anish , Brady Timothy F. , Fougnie Daryl
Published: November 2023

When asked to remember a color, do people remember a point estimate (e.g., a particular shade of red), a point estimate plus an uncertainty estimate, or are memory representations rich probabilistic distributions over feature space? We asked participants to report the color of a circle held in working memory. Rather than collecting a single report per trial, we had participants place multiple bets to create trialwise uncertainty distributions. Bet dispersion correlated with performance, indicating that internal uncertainty guided bet placement. While the first bet was on average the most precisely placed, the later bets systematically shifted the distribution closer to the target, resulting in asymmetrical distributions about the first bet. This resulted in memory performance improvements when averaging across bets, and overall suggests that memory representations contain more information than can be conveyed by a single response. The later bets contained target information even when the first response would generally be classified as a guess or report of an incorrect item, suggesting that such failures are not all-or-none. This paradigm provides multiple pieces of evidence that memory representations are rich and probabilistic. Crucially, standard discrete response paradigms underestimate the amount of information in memory representations.
Method for obtaining reliable R-waves in fish electrocardiograms by utilizing conductivity of seawater
Authors: Watanabe Natsuki , Torisawa Shinsuke , Mitsunaga Yasushi , Arima Masakazu , Miyahara Kazutaka , Saiki Tsunemasa
Published: November 2023

A simple method for measuring bioelectric signals of fish in seawater is expected for managing the health of farmed fish and clarifying the ecophysiology of natural fish. We previously proposed a simple and unique method for measuring bioelectric signals of fish by inserting only one special internal electrode (which can be isolated from seawater) into the fish’s body and by sinking an external electrode in seawater (for utilizing the conductivity of seawater). However, the proposed method could not obtain fish electrocardiograms (ECGs) with reliable R-waves in the same manner as the conventional method. In this study, we thus experimentally investigated whether the R-waves of ECGs could be observed by optimizing the insertion position of the internal electrode into the fish’s body. The results of the experiment show that for four species of fish (each slightly longer than 10 cm) with different body shapes, reliable R-waves could be observed by inserting the internal electrode near the heart. We also investigated the possibility of simultaneously measuring ECGs of multiple fish by the proposed method. The results of the investigation show that the fish ECGs with R-waves of three fish could be observed simultaneously even when one single common external electrode replaced multiple external electrodes. This result indicates the advantage of the proposed method in reducing the total number of bioelectrodes compared to the conventional method for ECG measurements of multiple fish.
Separation and antioxidant activities of new acetylated EGCG compounds
Authors: Zhang Jianyong , Cui Hongchun , Yin Junfeng , Wang Yuwan , Zhao Yun , Yu Jizhong , Engelhardt Ulrich H.
Published: November 2023

Acetylation could improve the bioavailability of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), but the relationship of substitution degree and antioxidant capacity of acetylated EGCG was unclear. The acetylated EGCG products were separated by preparation high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two mono substituted acetylated EGCG, three substituted acetylated EGCG (T-AcE), eight substituted acetylated EGCG (E-AcE) and (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were isolated. The 7-acetyl-EGCG (S7-ACEGCG) and 7-acetyl-EGCG (T-AcE) were identified for the first time. The antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities of EGCG decreased significantly after acetylation modification. The more EGCG acetylation modification sites, the lower the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities. The antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion radical scavenging capacities, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities of 5-acetyl-EGCG (S5-ACE) were higher than 7-acetyl-EGCG (S7-AcE). Combining all the results in this and previous studies, acetylation modification is not conducive to the performance of EGCG antioxidant capacity.
Fluorescence probe for real-time malonaldehyde detection in epilepsy model
Authors: Duan Yongtao , Liu Zhenling , Liao Yi-Fan , Wang Mingzhu , Yao Yongfang , Zhu Hai-Liang
Published: November 2023

Oxidative stress, a condition involving an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, is closely linked to epilepsy, contributing to abnormal neuronal excitability.
Rh(iii)-catalyzed oxidative [4+2] annulation of 2-arylquinoxalines and 2-aryl-2H-indazoles with allyl alcohols
Authors: Nipate Dhananjay S. , Meena Neha , Swami Prakash N. , Rangan Krishnan , Kumar Anil
Published: November 2023

Synthesis of functionalized benzo[a]phenazines and indazolo[2,3-a]quinolines has been developed through Rh(iii)-catalyzed oxidative annulation of 2-aryl-2H-indazoles and 2-arylquinoxalines with allyl alcohols, respectively.
Rapid and directly interpretable antimicrobial susceptibility profiling by continuous microvolume-electroanalysis of ferricyanide-mediated bacterial respiration
Authors: Buppasirakul Krittamate , Suginta Wipa , Schulte Albert
Published: November 2023

A continuous electroanalytical method for deriving a bacterium's antibiotic susceptibility profiles from ferricyanide-mediated viability assessment with extractable electrochemical minimum inhibitory concentrations (ecMICs).
Synthesis of oxime ethers via a formal reductive O–H bond insertion of oximes to α-keto esters
Authors: Takeda Norihiko , Maeda Ryoya , Yasui Motohiro , Ueda Masafumi
Published: November 2023

A diazo-, metal- and additive-free oxime ether synthesis via formal reductive O–H bond insertion of oximes to α-keto esters has been developed.
Cu2O facet controlled reactivity for peroxidase-like activity
Authors: Chettri Shivanand , Wu Liang-Ting , Rasaily Sagarmani , Sharma Debesh , Gurung Bikram , Dewan Rajani , Tamang Sudarsan , Jiang Jyh-Chiang , Pariyar Anand
Published: November 2023

We report facet-dependent peroxidase-like reactivity of varied Cu2O surfaces. Kinetic and DFT studies reveal higher reactivity of {110} surfaces than {111} and {100}, due to higher density of the active sites and lower energy barrier intermediates.
Synthesis of three cisplatin-conjugated asymmetric porphyrin photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Wen-Yuan , Li Gui-Chen , Fan Yan , Sun Xue-Qin , Wang Bo , Zhang Chun-Yan , Feng Xiao-Xia , Xu Wei-Bing , Liu Jia-Cheng
Published: November 2023

The structures, DFT calculation, photophysical properties and biochemical properties of three novel asymmetric porphyrin photosensitizers ZnPt-P1–ZnPt-P3 are reported.
Temperature and particles interact to affect human norovirus and MS2 persistence in surface water
Authors: Kennedy Lauren C. , Lowry Sarah A. , Boehm Alexandria B.
Published: November 2023

To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the effects of surface water particle content on human norovirus decay rate constants, which will be useful parameters in fate and transport models.
Thermomechanically stable supramolecular elastomers inspired by heat shock proteins
Authors: Wu Qi , Liu Hui , Xiong Hui , Hou Yujia , Peng Yan , Zhao Lijuan , Wu Jinrong
Published: November 2023

Inspired by heat shock proteins, we show the thermomechanically stable supramolecular elastomer through heat-induced reversible transformation of boron-based dynamic interactions.
Three-dimensional biotemplate-loaded nickel sulfide vacancies engineered to promote the absorption of electromagnetic waves
Authors: Zhu Wenrui , Wang Dashuang , Du Zhilan , Liao Yan , Zhang Kai , Xie Shuai , Dong Wenxin , Rao Jinsong , Zhang Yuxin , Liu Xiaoyin
Published: November 2023

A simple hydrothermal method is used to realize the electromagnetic application of three-dimensional bio-template diatomite. The samples show excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties after sulfurization, with an EAB of 9.86 GHz at a thickness of 1.44 mm. RLmin reaches −33.61 dB at 1 mm.
Polycyclic pyrroloindoline-containing natural products with a unique 3-heptyl-2a,4a-diazapentaleno[1,6-ab]indene core isolated from Alstonia scholaris
Authors: Zhan Guanqun , Zhang Fuxin , Yang Kailing , Yang Tao , Zhou Ruixi , Ma Xueqing , Wang Nan , Guo Zengjun
Published: November 2023

Alscholarine C, a polycyclic pyrroloindoline-containing natural product with a unique 3-heptyl-2a,4a-diazapentaleno[1,6-ab]indene core, was isolated from Alstonia scholaris.
Synthesis of fungicidal morpholines and isochromenopyridinones via acid-catalyzed intramolecular reactions of isoindolinones
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Sun Yaru , Hong Shuang , Ji Xia , Gao Wei , Yuan Haolin , Zhang Yue , Lei Bin , Tang Liangfu , Fan Zhijin
Published: November 2023

New approaches for the synthesis of fused morpholines and isochromenopyridinones with good fungicidal or systemical acquired resistance activities were developed using acid-catalyzed intramolecular tandem reactions of isoindolinone derivatives.
Facile access to thieno[2,3-b]thiophenes and poly-substituted thiophenes through divergent annulation of ketene 1,3-dithietanes
Authors: Wu You , Wang Shuqi , Peng Bo , Cen Jie , Yu Yongping , Chen Wenteng
Published: November 2023

A Lewis acid-catalyzed tandem nucleophilic addition/C–S cleavage/intramolecular annulation of ketene 1,3-dithietanes with aldehydes and photo-induced cycloaddition of ketene 1,3-dithietanes with alkynes were developed in this work.
Interpretation of dielectric behavior and polaron hopping in lead-free antimony-based double perovskite
Authors: Ben Bechir Mohamed , Alresheedi Faisal
Published: November 2023

Lately, double perovskite materials have become well-known in the commercialization area owing to their potential use in optoelectronic applications.
Designing an efficient lead-free perovskite solar cell with green-synthesized CuCrO2 and CeO2 as carrier transport materials
Authors: Bhattarai Sagar , Borah Dharitri , Rout Jayashree , Pandey Rahul , Madan Jaya , Hossain Ismail , Handique Palky , Ansari Mohd Zahid , Hossain M. Khalid , Rahman Md. Ferdous
Published: November 2023

With increased efficiency, simplicity in manufacturing, adaptability, and flexibility, solar cells constructed from organic metal halide perovskite (PVK) have recently attained great eminence.
A novel potentiometric sensor based on ZnO decorated polyaniline/coal nanocomposite for diltiazem determination
Authors: El Sayed G. A. , Abukhadra Mostafa R. , Mostafa S. M. , Rabia M. , Korany Mohamed Ali , Khalil M. M.
Published: November 2023

Fabrication and characterization of a carbon paste sensor for determination of diltiazem drug based on ZnO-decorated polyaniline/coal nanocomposite (ZnO@PANI/C).
Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks made of triquinoxalinylene derivatives are promising anodes for high-performance lithium and sodium ion batteries
Authors: Xu Tianze , Yang Youchao , Liu Tianyang , Jing Yu
Published: November 2023

2D covalent organic frameworks made of triquinoxalinylene derivatives are demonstrated to be promising organic anodes for high-performance lithium and sodium ion batteries with high theoretical capacities and small Li/Na diffusion barriers.
Elasticity tunes mechanical stress localization around active topological defects
Authors: Bonn Lasse , Ardaševa Aleksandra , Doostmohammadi Amin
Published: November 2023

Topological defects play diverse roles in biology. We find that tuning the passive elasticity substantially changes the intensity and extent of stresses, and in active systems can invert the defect motion and stress pattern.
Triboelectric nanogenerators enhanced by a metal–organic framework for sustainable power generation and air mouse technology
Authors: Abbas Zahir , Anithkumar Monunith , Prasanna Asokan Poorani Sathya , Hussain Nissar , Kim Sang-Jae , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: November 2023

In this study we have synthesized a Cd-MOF and explored for TENG performance. MOF-TENG device utilzed for various low powered electronics. Furthermore, device was attached to the finger of a glove to control the mouse movement. This device setup was used for biomechanical energy harvesting.
High electromagnetic wave absorption and flame retardancy performance from NF@HCS/NF-filled epoxy-based electronic packaging material
Authors: Xiong Tianshun , Luo Yubo , Qian Yongxin , Li You , Li Junwei , Wang Luyao , Ma Wenyuan , Yang Junyou
Published: November 2023

A nano-microscale nickel ferrite-assembled hollow carbon sphere (NF@HCS/NF) filled epoxy-based composite possessing high EMW absorption performance, flame retardancy, and electrical insulation was applied in advanced electronic packaging fields.
MXene–MOF architectural hybrid-supported nickel single-atom catalysts for hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Chellasamy Gayathri , Arumugasamy Shiva Kumar , Kuppusamy Satheesh , Ekambaram Viswanathan , Rajagopalan Kandeeban , Venkateswarlu Sada , Deivasigamani Prabhakaran , Choi Min Jae , Govindaraju Saravanan , Yun Kyusik
Published: November 2023

Pioneering architectural configuration of MXene–MOF featuring Ni atomic occupancy for advancing hydrogen evolution.
A multifunctional Mg2Si monolayer with negative Poisson's ratio and ultrahigh thermoelectric performance at room temperature
Authors: Yu Xin , Jin Wenyuan , Pang Jiafei , Zuo Jingning , Kuang Xiaoyu , Lu Cheng
Published: November 2023

Flexible thermoelectric materials with auxetic effect exhibit robust fracture resistance, rendering them highly promising for applications in wearable thermoelectric devices.
Synergistic carrier and phonon transport advance Ag dynamically-doped n-type PbTe thermoelectrics via Mn alloying
Authors: Yuan Wei , Deng Qian , Pan Dong , An Xiang , Zhao Canyang , Su Wenjun , He Zhengmin , Sun Qiang , Ang Ran
Published: November 2023

Optimizing n-type PbTe thermoelectric materials to match their better-performing p-type counterparts is critical for realizing their practical applications.
Intestinal retentive systems – recent advances and emerging approaches
Authors: Naik Durva A. , Matonis Spencer , Balakrishnan Gaurav , Bettinger Christopher J.
Published: November 2023

Intestinal retentive devices (IRDs) are devices designed to anchor within the lumen of the intestines for long-term residence in the gastrointestinal tract.
Potential singlet fission chromophores of azulene-containing tetracene analogues: a theoretical study
Authors: Li Tianyu , Shen Li , Wang Xianyuan , Fan Xiaonan , Cui Boce , Chen Yanli , Yang Bingchuan , Liu Heyuan , Li Xiyou
Published: November 2023

Azulene-containing tetracene analogues were designed and theoretically evaluated for extending the library of singlet fission sensitizers.
Molecular engineering of N,S-heteroarene-based small-molecule acceptors: effects of side chains, backbone extension and end groups on structure, optoelectronic properties and solar cell performance
Authors: Wang Gang , Tang Xuejiao , Zhao Yalun , Li Mingfan , Huang Pingping , Zhang Xiaoying , Weng Chao , Shen Ping
Published: November 2023

Molecular engineering (including side chain, backbone extension and end group engineering) is performed to develop N,S-heteroarene-based small-molecule acceptors for guiding rational molecular design and improving photovoltaic performance.
Rewritable resistive memory effect in poly[N-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)propyl)-methacrylamide] memristor
Authors: Panthi Yadu Ram , Pfleger Jiří , Výprachtický Drahomír , Pandey Ambika , Thottappali Muhammed Arshad , Šeděnková Ivana , Konefał Magdalena , Foulger Stephen H.
Published: November 2023

A new polymer with charge transporting carbazole groups combines the flexibility of the side chains with their structural stabilization enforced by physical crosslinking. It yields the polymer nonvolatile rewritable resistive memory properties.
Spin-gapless semiconducting characteristics and related band topology of quaternary Heusler alloy CoFeMnSn
Authors: Gupta Shuvankar , Sau Jyotirmoy , Kumar Manoranjan , Mazumdar Chandan
Published: November 2023

This study presents the synthesis, structural analysis, magnetic behavior, transport properties, and electronic characteristics of a novel spin-gapless semiconductor compound CoFeMnSn within the quaternary Heusler alloy.
Piezochromic effects and low-pressure superconductivity discovered in inorganic halide perovskite RbPbI3
Authors: Zhou Siyuan , Tian Hao , Kuang Xiaoyu , Jin Siyu , Yu Miao , Chen Jichao , Mao Aijie
Published: November 2023

A new ppPv-Pnma(V) structure was discovered under pressure by using CALYPSO and first-principles calculations, rendering RbPbI3 a potential superconductor.
Interface passivation with Ti3C2Tx-MXene doped PMMA film for highly efficient and stable inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Assunção João Pedro F. , Lemos Hugo G. , Rossato Jéssica H. H. , Nogueira Gabriel L. , Lima João V. M. , Fernandes Silvia L. , Nishihora Rafael K. , Fernandes Ricardo V. , Lourenço Sidney A. , Bagnis Diego , Santos Sydney F. , Graeff Carlos F. O.
Published: November 2023

PMMA:MXene passivates a perovskite/ETL interface boosting performance and stability. Less interfacial defects increase the charge lifetime resulting in a higher density of photo-generated carriers.
Insights into protein structure using cryogenic light microscopy
Authors: Mazal Hisham , Wieser Franz-Ferdinand , Sandoghdar Vahid
Published: November 2023

Fluorescence microscopy has witnessed many clever innovations in the last two decades, leading to new methods such as structured illumination and super-resolution microscopies. The attainable resolution in biological samples is, however, ultimately limited by residual motion within the sample or in the microscope setup. Thus, such experiments are typically performed on chemically fixed samples. Cryogenic light microscopy (Cryo-LM) has been investigated as an alternative, drawing on various preservation techniques developed for cryogenic electron microscopy (Cryo-EM). Moreover, this approach offers a powerful platform for correlative microscopy. Another key advantage of Cryo-LM is the strong reduction in photobleaching at low temperatures, facilitating the collection of orders of magnitude more photons from a single fluorophore. This results in much higher localization precision, leading to Angstrom resolution. In this review, we discuss the general development and progress of Cryo-LM with an emphasis on its application in harnessing structural information on proteins and protein complexes.
Honeycomb integrated energy distribution system: Networking structure and operation mode
Authors: Zu Guoqiang , Song Chenhui , Jin Xiaolong
Published: November 2023

The distribution system is undergoing a transformation into a platform that integrates multiple energy sources, including electricity, gas, and heat, to facilitate point‐to‐point energy transmission. However, the existing tree radiation structure of the distribution system is inadequate to meet the demand. To address this, this paper proposes the networking structure and operation mode of the honeycomb integrated energy distribution system (HIEDS). Firstly, the paper outlines the network structure of HIEDS, which includes flexible interconnection modes between micro‐networks and key equipment, such as the integrated energy stations. Secondly, two typical operation modes of HIEDS with the objectives of operation economy and load balancing are proposed, respectively. Finally, the operation characteristics of HIEDS in different scenarios are analysed through case studies, and HIEDS is compared with other typical interconnection structures of micro‐energy networks further. The results demonstrate that HIEDS provides a more flexible energy supply mode, which can improve the operation economy and reliability of the distribution system. This study will provide a theoretical basis for optimising the structure and operation mode of future integrated energy distribution systems.
Neurotechnological solutions for post‐traumatic stress disorder: A perspective review and concept proposal
Authors: Laugharne Richard , Farid Mohsen , James Christopher , Dutta Anirban , Mould Christopher , Molten Noelle , Laugharne Jonathan , Shankar Rohit
Published: November 2023

Post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety condition caused by exposure to severe trauma. It is characterised by nightmares, flashbacks, hyper‐vigilance and avoidance behaviour. These all lead to impaired functioning reducing quality of life. PTSD affects 2–5% of the population globally. Most sufferers cannot access effective treatment, leading to impaired psychological functioning reducing quality of life. Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) is a non‐invasive brain stimulation treatment that has shown significant clinical effectiveness in PTSD. Another treatment modality, that is, trauma‐focused cognitive behavioural therapy is also an effective intervention. However, both evidence‐based treatments are significantly resource intensive as they need trained therapists to deliver them. A concept of a neuro‐digital tool for development is proposed to put to clinical practice of delivering EMDR to improve availability, efficiency and effectiveness of treatment. The evidence in using new technologies to measure sleep, geolocation and conversational analysis of social media to report objective outcome measures is explored. If achieved, this can be fed back to users with data anonymously collated to evaluate and improve the tool. Coproduction would be at the heart of product development so that the tool is acceptable and accessible to people with the condition.
Virtual‐physical power flow method for cyber‐physical power system contingency and vulnerability assessment
Authors: Qiu Dongmeng , Zhang Rui , Zhou Zhuoran , Zhang Jinning , Zhang Xin
Published: November 2023

Traditional power systems have evolved into cyber‐physical power systems (CPPS) with the integration of information and communication technologies. CPPS can be considered as a typical hierarchical control system that can be divided into two parts: the power grid and the communication network. CPPS will face new vulnerabilities which can have network contingencies and cascading consequences. To address this challenge, a virtual‐physical power flow (VPPF) method is proposed for the vulnerability assessment of CPPS. The proposed method contains dual power flows, one is to simulate a virtual power flow from decision‐making units, and the other is to simulate a physical power flow. In addition, a novel hierarchical control model is proposed that includes four layers of CPPS: the physical layer, the secondary device layer, the regional control layer, and the national control layer. The model is based on IEEE test cases using data and structures provided by MATPOWER. Denial‐of‐service (DoS) and false data injection (FDI) are simulated as two major cyber‐attacks in CPPS. A novel vulnerability index is proposed that consists of system voltage, network latency, and node betweenness as three key indicators. This is a comprehensive and adaptive index because it encompasses both cyber and physical system characteristics and can be applied to several types of cyber‐attacks. The results of the vulnerability assessment are compared in national and regional control structures of CPPS to evaluate the vulnerability of cyber‐physical nodes.
Stability analysis of a finite element approximation for the Navier-Stokes equation with free surface
Authors: Audusse Emmanuel , Barrenechea Gabriel R. , Decoene Astrid , Quemar Pierrick
Published: November 2023

In this work we study the numerical approximation of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with free surface. The evolution of the free surface is driven by the kinematic boundary condition, and an Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) approach is used to derive a (formal) weak formulation which involves three fields, namely, velocity, pressure, and the function describing the free surface. This formulation is discretised using finite elements in space and a time-advancing explicit finite difference scheme in time. In fact, the domain tracking algorithm is explicit: first, we solve the equation for the free surface, then move the mesh according to the sigma transform, and finally we compute the velocity and pressure in the updated domain. This explicit strategy is built in such a way that global conservation can be proven, which plays a pivotal role in the proof of stability of the discrete problem. The well-posedness and stability results are independent of the viscosity of the fluid, but while the proof of stability for the velocity is valid for all time steps, and all geometries, the stability for the free surface requires a CFL condition. The performance of the current approach is presented via numerical results and comparisons with the characteristics finite element method.
Occurrence and genetic characteristics of Giardia duodenalis in donkeys in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Xu Chunyan , Tuo Haixin , Wang Wen , Zhang Zhenjie , Yu Fuchang , Chuai Liwen , Qi Meng , Jing Bo
Published: November 2023

Giardia duodenalis is a common enteric parasite in humans and animals. To examine the occurrence and genetic characteristics of Giardia in donkeys in Xinjiang, China, 758 fecal samples from donkeys were collected, and Giardia was screened via PCR at the SSU rRNA gene. A total of 17.0% (129/758) of samples tested positive for Giardia, with the infection rate in large-scale farm and domestic donkeys being 21.4% (124/580) and 2.8% (5/178), respectively; the infection rates in <1-year-old and ≥1-year-old donkeys were 19.3% (72/374) and 12.7% (41/323), respectively. Three Giardia assemblages were identified, with assemblage B (n = 102) as the prevalent assemblage, followed by assemblage A (n = 23) and assemblage E (n = 4). Of the 129 Giardia-positive isolates, 40, 34 and 59 sequences were obtained at the bg, gdh and tpi genes, respectively. Twenty-one isolates successfully allowed multilocus genotyping (MLG), with four novel assemblage A MLGs, named MLG-AI-1 (n = 1), MLG-AI-2 (n = 1), MLG-AI-3 (n = 1), and MLG-AI-4 (n = 1) and three novel assemblage B MLGs, named MLG-B1 (n = 1), MLG-B2 (n = 14), and MLG-B3 (n = 1). Moreover, two isolates formed two MLG-mixed sequences. The results suggest that donkeys are commonly infected with Giardia in Xinjiang, and there is genetic diversity and host adaptability among the isolates.
What is the role of product services in the dual-channel closed-loop supply chain?
Authors: Zhang Jiao
Published: November 2023

With the continuous development of internet technology and increasing awareness of environmental protection among consumers, the dual-channel closed-loop supply chain management combining online direct sales channel and retail channel has received more and more attention, however, the existing research has neglected the service research, so this paper focuses on the service strategy in the dual-channel closed-loop supply chain. In this paper, we propose three service strategy models for dual-channel closed-loop supply chains, including when there is no service provision, after-sales service and recycling service provided by retailers and after-sales service provided by manufacturers and recycling service provided by retailers, compare and analyze the optimal decisions of supply chain members under the three service strategy models, discuss the role of service generated in dual-channel closed-loop supply chains, and propose a service cost-sharing strategy to achieve a Pareto improvement in the effectiveness of a dual-channel closed-loop supply chain. The study finds that service plays a positive role in the dual-channel closed-loop supply chain; the model of manufacturer providing after-sales service and retailer providing recycling service is the best service strategy choice in terms of economic and social benefits; the service cooperation mechanism of service cost sharing can achieve Pareto improvement of the supply chain within a reasonable range.
A robust optimization approach to a repair shop network planning
Authors: Singh Shubham , Khanra Avijit
Published: November 2023

Robust optimization model is a paradigm for decision-making under uncertainty, where parameters are given in the form of uncertainty sets. In this paper, we develop a robust optimization model for a repair shop network planning problem. The linear optimization model involves product of uncertain parameters in the constraints. We formulate its robust counterpart with the help of min-max regret and Lagrangian dual approach, considering the partial information of uncertain parameters is given in the form of ellipsoidal and polyhedral uncertainty sets. We also consider ellipsoidal+polyhedral uncertainty set, which is the intersection of ellipsoidal and polyhedral uncertainty sets. We apply the robust optimization model to a bi-objective multi-plant repair shop network planning problem where multiple pieces of equipment are repaired and overhauled using several resources over a multi-period planning horizon. We consider uncertainty in resource and demand parameters. Numerical examples are presented for illustrating the theoretical results.
No signature of extreme solar energetic particle events in high-precision 14C data from the Alaskan tree for 1844–1876 CE
Authors: Miyake Fusa , Hakozaki Masataka , Hayakawa Hisashi , Nakano Naruki , Wacker Lukas
Published: November 2023

Cosmogenic nuclides – 14C from tree rings and 10Be and 36Cl from ice cores serve as an effective proxy for past extreme solar energetic particle (SEP) events. After identifying the first signature of an extreme SEP event in 774 CE, several candidates have been found in these proxy archives, such as 993 CE, 660 BCE, and 7176 BCE. Their magnitudes have been estimated to be tens of times larger than that of the largest SEP event ever observed since the 1950s. Although a detailed survey of such extreme SEP events is ongoing, the detection of intermediate-sized SEP events that bridge the gap between modern observations and extreme events detected in cosmogenic nuclides has not progressed sufficiently, primarily because of the uncertainties in cosmogenic nuclide data. In this study, we measured 14C concentrations in tree rings in the 19th century (1844–1876 CE) to search for any increases in 14C concentrations corresponding to intermediate-size extreme SEP events. We utilized Alaskan tree-ring samples cut into early and latewoods to suppress the potential seasonal variations in intra-annual 14C data. Notably, no significant 14C variations were observed between early and latewoods (0.0 ± 0.3‰), and the annual resolution 14C data series displayed an error of ~ 0.8‰. Over the entire study period, no significant increase in 14C concentrations characterized by other candidates of extreme SEP events such as the 774 CE event was detected in the annual 14C data. The present result imposes a constraint on the SEP fluence when the largest class of recorded solar storms occurred (especially those in 1859 CE and 1872 CE).
Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection in the West: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Ritu Raj , Nanavati Julie , Gopakumar Harishankar , Kumta Nikhil A
Published: November 2023

Background and study aims The advantages of endoscopic submucosal
dissection (ESD) over endoscopic mucosal resection for large colorectal neoplasms are well
established; however, the technical challenges and lack of adequate training in ESD limit its
widespread adoption in Western countries.

Methods A literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, Web
of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies conducted in non-Asian countries evaluating
the effectiveness of colorectal ESD. A random effects model was used to obtain pooled en bloc,
R0 resection rates, and adverse events (AEs).

Results Thirty-three studies comprising 3,958 ESD procedures met
the inclusion criteria. Of the polyps, 96.7% (2,817 of 2913) were ≥ 2 cm. Pooled en bloc
resection (31 studies), R0 resection (29 studies), and curative resection rates were 84.6%
(95% confidence interval [CI] [83.3%–85.9%]), 75.6% (95% CI [74.1%–77.0%]), and 81.9% (95% CI
[78.6%–84.9%]), respectively. Surgery for invasive cancer was performed in 4.8% (23 studies).
ESD-related perforation (25 studies) was observed in 5.5% and bleeding in 4.1% (delayed
bleeding 3.4%). 1.8% of patients underwent surgery for procedure-related complications. A high
degree of heterogeneity was observed for en bloc resection, R0 resection, and curative
resection. Heterogeneity for AEs (perforation [I2 13%], delayed bleeding
[I2 30%], and overall bleeding [I2 49%]) was low to moderate.

Conclusions The effectiveness of colorectal ESD for large
colorectal polyps and early colorectal cancers is improving in Western countries, and recent
resection rates are comparable to that seen in Asia. Colorectal perforation is still observed
in about 5% of ESD; however, < 2% of patients need emergency surgery for AEs.
Supercavity mode in a single metallic resonator
Authors: Jacobsen Rasmus E. , Arslanagić Samel
Published: November 2023

Bound states in the continuum are exotic nonradiating modes with very high quality factors enabling enhanced wave-matter interactions. While they typically require array-type of systems, versions of such states have been reported in single dielectric resonators, giving rise to suppressed scattering states termed supercavity modes. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a supercavity mode in an all-metallic resonator open for probing by free-space microwaves. Our design exploits careful tailoring of the boundaries around the resonator, which supports an octupole mode fostering a significant increase in the quality factor. The main advantage of the resonator is its simplicity and robustness, and it may be utilized as a stand-alone unit for energy harvesting and sensing or as an element for advanced functional material designs.