bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferulic Acid Protects Human Lens Epithelial Cells Against UVA‐Induced Oxidative Damage by Downregulating the DNA Demethylation of the Keap1 Promoter
Authors: Ling Xinru , Zhu Lei , Yan Yuling , Qian Haocheng , Kang Zhen , Ye Wei , Xie Zhenggao , Xue Chunyan
Published: October 2024

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation‐triggered production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a primary contributor to apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs), which can ultimately result in cataract formation. The nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐Kelch ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1) pathway, a fundamental oxidative stress regulation mechanism, plays a crucial role in the development of cataracts. Ferulic acid (FA), recognized for its potent antioxidant properties can activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway to mitigate oxidative damage and cell apoptosis. In this study, we have demonstrated the protective effects of FA in reducing UVA‐induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in HLECs through the modulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, as evidenced by both cellular and animal experiments. HLECs and Lens were exposed to 10 J/cm2 UVA radiation with or without prior treatment with FA. We found that UVA radiation increased oxidative damage and cell apoptosis in HLECs, ultimately leading to opacification of rat lenses, while FA was able to attenuate both oxidative damage and cell apoptosis in HLECs and reduce the degree of lens opacification. FA upregulated the expression of antioxidant response factors of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and downregulated the expression of apoptosis‐related genes in HLECs, as demonstrated by Western blot and RT‐qPCR analyses. We also found that UVA radiation increased the degree of demethylation of the Keap1 promoter in HLECs, whereas FA reduced the level of Keap1 promoter demethylation as determined by DNA sequencing. Additionally, UVA upregulated the expression of DNA active demethylase of the Keap1 promoter in HLECs, Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b, as shown by immunofluorescence, Western blot, and RT‐qPCR, however, FA attenuated the activity of the passive demethylase TET1 in addition to the active demethylases. These results demonstrated that UVA radiation can cause oxidative damage, cell apoptosis, and rat lens opacification by increasing the demethylation of the Keap1 promoter in lens epithelial cells. Conversely, FA was shown to reduce oxidative damage, inhibit cell apoptosis, and decrease rat lens opacification by increasing the methylation of the Keap1 promoter. These findings suggest that FA could be therapeutically beneficial in preventing and mitigating cataracts induced by UVA radiation.
Taurine Reverses Arsenic‐Induced Inhibition of Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Depression‐Like Behavior in Mice
Authors: Liu Shuang , Lei Tengteng , Wang Longjuan , Chen Feng , Hu Xin , Song Guirong , Tang Xiao , Wu Guokai , Chen Haibo , Sun Xiance , Sun Wenchang
Published: October 2024

Arsenic exposure results in damage to the neurological system. We previously demonstrated the arsenic‐induced inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis and its reversibility after exposure is terminated. The present study aimed to reveal whether arsenic‐induced inhibition of hippocampal neurogenesis was ameliorated when taurine was co‐administered, and we also investigated depression‐like behavioral changes using the forced swim test. Mice were randomly divided into four groups. The first group received distilled water only for 4 months (control group), the second group received 4.0 mg/L As2O3 via drinking water for 4 months (arsenic group), the third group received 4.0 mg/L As2O3 and taurine (150 mg/kg body weight, by gavage, twice a week) for 4 months (arsenic + taurine group), and the fourth group received taurine only by gavage for 4 months (taurine group). The percentage of new mature neurons decreased in the arsenic group compared with the control group (64% ± 0.90% vs. 76% ± 1.9%, p < 0.01); however, this percentage was reversed to control levels in the arsenic + taurine group (76% ± 1.4%, p > 0.05). In the forced swim test, the immobility time during the last 4 min was significantly increased in the arsenic group, but restored to control levels in the arsenic + taurine group. The possible mechanisms of this taurine amelioration of hippocampal damage were further investigated, and included a reduction in oxidative stress as indicated by carbonyl content, inflammation, and aquaporin1, 4, and 8 expressions, as well as an increase in Wnt3a and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression in western blot analyses.
Dual‐functional UiO‐66/g‐C3N4 composites for photocatalytic pesticide removal and in situ adsorption of phosphate byproducts in water
Authors: Song Jinyun , Bai Runying , Wu Bo , Zhang Ruzhuang , Yang Yuchao , Ding Yi , Zhu Hexin , Yang Haoxiang , Zhao Siyu
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

With the increasing global demand for food, a significant amount of organophosphorus pesticides is applied to farmland, leading to pollution as they are discharged into natural water bodies with agricultural runoff. This study employed a coupling approach, utilizing a 6:4 mass ratio of zirconium‐based metal–organic framework UiO‐66 and g‐C3N4 through a grinding and annealing method to construct a Z‐type heterojunction composite material named UG 6:4.

RESULTS

This material is employed for photocatalytic removal of the representative organophosphorus pesticide, dichlorvos (DDVP), from water and simultaneous in situ adsorption of its inorganic phosphorus byproducts. Results demonstrate that for initial DDVP concentrations below 5 mg L−1 (calculated as total phosphorus), both the mineralization rate under ultraviolet light irradiation with a wavelength of 365 nm and a power of 125 W and the adsorption rate of phosphorus were 100% when the pH was 6 and the UG 6:4 dosage was 0.2 g L−1. The sheet‐like g‐C3N4 tightly envelops the surface of UiO‐66, forming a Z‐scheme heterojunction. This structure imparts UG 6:4 with enhanced light absorption, faster generation and separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs compared to individual UiO‐66 or g‐C3N4, and the establishment of an internal electric field suppresses the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.

CONCLUSION

Consequently, UG 6:4 exhibits outstanding photocatalytic pesticide removal capabilities. Furthermore, UG 6:4 demonstrates specific adsorption of inorganic phosphorus through electrostatic attraction and ligand exchange. This study indicates that UG 6:4 is a promising dual‐functional photocatalytic adsorbent with excellent application prospects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Kinetics of Symmetrical Versus Asymmetrical In‐Phase Gaits During Arboreal Locomotion
Authors: Lammers Andrew R. , Stakes Sarah A.
Published: October 2024

Quadrupedal animals traveling on arboreal supports change aspects of locomotion to avoid slipping and falls. This study compares locomotor biomechanics in two small mammals: first, the gray short‐tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) predominantly trots, which is a symmetrical gait. The second species, the Siberian chipmunk (Tamias sibiricus), primarily bounds or half‐bounds. Trotting and bounding differ fundamentally in three aspects: location and timing of hand and foot placement; in the way that the trunk bends (trotting, mediolateral bending; bounding, flexion, and extension); and in the dynamics of the center of mass. Both species ran on a flat track and a 2 cm diameter cylindrical track, instrumented with a force plate or pole. For bounding chipmunks, the force pole was modified to measure force only on the right side. We measured speed, duty factor, and force, and calculated vertical, braking, propulsive, and net mediolateral impulses. Vertical and fore‐aft impulses were different between trotting opossums and bounding chipmunks, but between trackway types, these impulses were similar within each species. The modifications used by each species to travel on arboreal supports were similar, except in one important respect. Net mediolateral impulse in opossums changed from laterally directed on the flat trackway to medial on the arboreal. But in chipmunks, these impulses on the flat track were medially‐directed, and on the arboreal track, the amount of variability was substantially greater. We conclude that chipmunks—and perhaps any bounding animal—are less consistent from stride to stride in their locomotion. This inconsistency requires constant medial and lateral impulses to correct their trajectory when traveling on arboreal surfaces.
The role of resilience in navigating work stress and achieving daily work goals
Authors: Zhu Ze , Hu Xinyu , Zhang Bo
Published: October 2024

On a daily basis, resilience is critical for employees to cope with difficulties and challenges in achieving work goals. Understanding the dynamic resilience process throughout the workday is crucial for gaining insights into how employees can effectively leverage their resilience to meet their daily work goals. The present study aims to examine this dynamic resilience process in response to work stress while pursuing work goals among employees with different levels of trait resilience. Drawing on resilience literature and the conservation of resources theory, we propose a resilience‐depleting process in response to morning work stress within a short, half‐day timeframe. We further examine whether state resilience impacts subsequent work goal striving at the within‐person level. Additionally, we explore the buffering effect of trait resilience on the resilience‐depleting process after experiencing work stress. To test our hypotheses, we employed the experience sampling methodology with 108 full‐time employees over five consecutive workdays. Multilevel analyses revealed that morning work stress significantly diminished state resilience, indirectly influencing daily work goal progress through work goal activation. Notably, trait resilience buffered the negative impact of work stress on state resilience. These results offer insights into theoretical understanding and practical implications for managing employee state resilience in the face of work stress to achieve daily work goals.
Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer in Young Women: A Review
Authors: McShane Nicola , Zaborowski Alexandra , O'Reilly Mary , McCartan Damian , Prichard Ruth
Published: October 2024

The global incidence of hormone‐positive breast cancer (HR+ BC) in young women is rising, though the underlying reasons remain unclear. HR+ disease in younger women appears to represent a distinct clinical entity compared to that in older women, exhibiting distinct clinicopathological characteristics, outcomes and responses to treatment. Despite these differences, there is a paucity of large‐volume data focusing on young women with HR+ in contemporary literature. Hormone receptor positive breast cancer in young women is associated with poorer prognoses compared to older women. Additionally, early age onset breast cancer presents unique challenges, including concerns related to fertility, the toxic effects of therapeutic agents, and specific surgical considerations. The purpose of this review is to report the existing literature on HR+ disease in young women.
Clinical spectrum of indolent mycosis fungoides with a gamma‐delta (γδ) phenotype: a single institution review including therapy and outcomes
Authors: Ufkes N. A. , Tao R. , Halwani A. S. , Miles R. , Cipriano S. D. , Bowling M. , Florell S. , Gaffney D. , Wada D. A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Primary cutaneous γδ T‐cell lymphoma (CGD‐CTL) is a rare malignancy that classically exhibits an aggressive clinical phenotype.

Objectives

Review cases of mycosis fungoides with a γδ phenotype that demonstrated an indolent clinical course.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients diagnosed with MF with a γδ phenotype and an indolent clinical course between 2018 and 2022 treated at the University of Utah.

Results

Five patients ages 4‐81 years old were identified. All presented with clinically persistent patch or plaque‐stage disease, and histopathology showed primarily epidermotropic infiltrates positive for TCR delta via immunostaining. None of these patients have required aggressive treatment with multiagent chemotherapy.

Conclusions

There exists a subset of indolent CGD‐TCL patients who are clinicopathologically distinct from classic CGD‐CTL and clinically resembling indolent MF. Therefore, we prefer the term “MF with γδ phenotype” for these rare cases.
How Knowledge Spillover Entrepreneurship Influences the Adoption of Social Media and Customer Relationship Management
Authors: Qalati Sikandar Ali , Tajeddini Kayhan , Gamage Thilini Chathurika
Published: October 2024

Based on the knowledge‐based view, this paper investigates how the strategic integration of knowledge spillover through entrepreneurial orientation (EO), adoption of social media (SM) and customer relationship management (CRM), and environmental turbulence collectively manage to enhance firm performance in developing economies. To test these assertions, we surveyed managers from 519 randomly selected firms in China, and data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0. The results reflect that knowledge spillover through EO significantly enhances firm performance. In contrast, knowledge spillover through adopting SM mediates the relationship between EO and firm performance, whereas environmental turbulence and CRM moderate the relationship between adopting SM and firm performance. These findings enrich knowledge management literature from theoretical and managerial perspectives.
Accelerated Decline in Vegetation Resilience on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liu Yantao , Xiao Pengfeng , Zhang Xueliang , Liu Hao , Chen Siyong , Jia Yumeng
Published: October 2024

The ability of ecosystems to resist and recover from external disturbances is declining due to climate change, increased frequency of disasters, and intensified human activities. Global vegetation resilience is considered to be at risk of being lost. The sensitive and fragile Tibetan Plateau (TP) has experienced changes in climate and management patterns over the past five decades, but due to the complexity of defining resilience, there is still no unified understanding of the spatial patterns and long time‐series trends of resilience on the TP. In this study, we introduce the method based on critical slowing down, making it possible to clarify the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of resilience on the TP. The results show low resilience on the northeastern and southwestern edges of the TP and in the Three River Source region. The area experiencing resilience loss is approximately 1.16–1.44 times larger than the area of gain. Vegetation resilience on the TP has exhibited a declining trend, with the rate of decline after 2014 being more than double that of the preceding period. Factors such as elevation, vegetation type, and hydrothermal condition significantly influence the spatial and temporal patterns of resilience. These findings improve our understanding of vegetation resilience on the TP and its ecosystem vulnerability. We also recommend that ecological restoration efforts be maintained and regularly assessed.
Fundamental problems in the peer‐review process and stakeholders' perceptions of potential suggestions for improvement
Authors: Kadaifci Cigdem , Isikli Erkan , Topcu Y. Ilker
Published: October 2024

Academic papers are essential for researchers to communicate their work to their peers and industry experts. Quality research is published in prestigious scientific journals, and is considered as part of the hiring and promotion criteria at leading universities. Scientific journals conduct impartial and anonymous peer reviews of submitted manuscripts; however, individuals involved in this process may encounter issues related to the duration, impartiality, and transparency of these reviews. To explore these concerns, we created a questionnaire based on a comprehensive review of related literature and expert opinions, which was distributed to all stakeholders (authors, reviewers, and editors) who participated in the peer‐review process from a variety of countries and disciplines. Their opinions on the primary issues during the process and suggestions for improvement were collected. The data were then analysed based on various groups, such as gender, country of residence, and contribution type, using appropriate multivariate statistical techniques to determine the perceptions and experiences of participants in the peer‐review process. The results showed that unethical behaviour was not uncommon and that editors and experienced reviewers encountered it more frequently. Women and academics from Türkiye were more likely to experience ethical violations and perceived them as more ethically severe. Incentives and stakeholder involvement were seen as ways to enhance the quality and impartiality of peer review. The scale developed can serve as a useful tool for addressing difficulties in the peer‐review process and improving its effectiveness and performance.
Social dynamics of luxury customization: The unique impact of name personalization
Authors: O'Rourke Anne‐Maree , Lin Joanna , Sung Billy , Septianto Felix
Published: October 2024

As customized luxury becomes increasingly mainstream, adhering to a uniform treatment of all types of customization falls short of the nuanced insight needed. Our research focuses on the effects of a prevalent form of customization—name personalization—on the perceived “social cost” associated with luxury items from a potential buyer's point of view. Despite most luxury brands offering consumers the option to imprint their names on products for a personalized touch, concerns arise about being perceived to be “showing off.” Our four experimental studies demonstrate that adding one's name to luxury goods heightens apprehensions about the social cost, specifically diminishing metaperceptions of warmth due to impression management (Study 1). This phenomenon applies to both the imprinting of one's full first name, and only their initials (Study 2). However, luxury consumers with a lower social‐adjustive (i.e., less driven by the desire for social approval) show an elevated concern over the social cost of name personalization (Studies 3 and 4). As the trend of customizing luxury items rises, our findings emphasize the significance of luxury researchers and practitioners to discern both the positive and negative outcomes associated with various forms of luxury customization.
Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Fluorosilicone Polymers by Using an Optimized Gradient Ring‐Opening Reaction
Authors: Li Jing‐Yang , Pan Hong‐Tao , Yang Fan , Wu Yu‐Yue , Wu Bin‐Bin , Song Jiang , Li Yang , Zhang Guo‐Dong , Tang Long‐Cheng
Published: October 2024

Fluorosilicone rubber is essential for sealing in extreme temperatures and non‐polar environments due to its exceptional adaptability. However, achieving a high yield of fluorosilicone polymers with medium and high fluorine content remains a challenge. Herein, a facile gradient strategy is developed that involves modifying the method of cyclic monomer addition based on the rate of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), to improve yield and adjust fluorine content precisely. The polymerization process is designed and tailored based on the reaction rates of anionic ring‐opening polymerization (AROP) and cationic ring‐opening polymerization (CROP) via an efficient gradient strategy. The effects of the polymerization process on the viscosity and yield of vinyl fluorosilicone polymers and hydrofluorosilicone polymers are investigated and optimized. Notably, the as‐prepared vinyl‐terminated fluoromethylsilane with 60% fluorine content (FMS‐Vi‐60F) has a high yield (86.6%) and high viscosity (150 000 mPa·s) in a short reaction time, which is superior to previous methods. Clearly, the gradient ring‐opening method developed in this work provides a facile and efficient synthesis for fabricating fluorosilicone polymers with a high yield and tunable fluorine content.
N6‐methyladenosine reader YTHDF3‐mediated zinc finger protein 41 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression by transcriptional repression of Snail
Authors: Li Xinxin , Han Mengzhen , Zhu He , Zhang Hongwei , Pan Yonglong , Liang Huifang , Liao Zhibin , Zhang Bixiang , Chen Xiaoping
Published: October 2024

Advanced metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) significantly contributes to high death rates among patients. The efficiency of targeted therapies and chemotherapeutic agents shows individual variability. Therefore, there is no effective treatment for advanced HCC. Zinc finger proteins (ZFPs) are known to be crucial in various tumors, especially on HCC. In our study, we verified that ZFP41 could suppress the progression and metastasis of HCC through in vitro and in vivo experiments. During the past years, N6‐methyladenine (m6A) regulation has also been increasingly reported in HCC. To investigate whether ZFP41 could be regulated via m6A methylation, our results showed that YTHDF3 bound to the mRNA of ZFP41 and degrade it. Subsequently, to further elucidate the function of ZFP41, we identified Snail, a well‐known oncogenic molecule, through RNA‐seq. As a canonical component in the epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway, Snail plays a pivotal role and is a critical marker for tumor invasion and metastasis. Our results showed ZFP41 could inhibit Snail and the EMT pathway through its transcriptional repression. In conclusion, our study revealed that ZFP41 is a potential prognostic element for patients with HCC, and targeting ZFP41 might be used for translational clinical applications as a promising therapeutic target.
Research on Knowledge Payment Product Supply Chain Governance Based on Blockchain: An Evolutionary Game Model
Authors: Liu Lili , Luo Changxin
Published: October 2024

Blockchain provides a new opportunity to govern the dilemmas in the knowledge payment product supply chain. This paper introduces blockchain into the evolutionary game to explore the behavioral strategies of knowledge providers, platforms, and consumers and to analyze in depth the influence of initial willingness and blockchain‐related factors by the system dynamics. The analysis shows that (1) improving the tripartite initial willingness is conducive to accelerating the process of supply chain governance and making the system reach an ideal state: knowledge providers choose compliance creation, platforms adopt blockchain, and consumers buy authorized product; (2) there are specific thresholds for the blockchain adoption cost and the premium of product brought by blockchain, only when the cost and premium are lower than the thresholds, the system evolves towards the ideal state; (3) when blockchain is adopted, it can effectively inhibit knowledge providers' illegal creation behavior and consumers' piracy behavior by increasing the punishments of platforms on knowledge providers and consumers. The results provide guidance to implement effective governance and the orderly development of knowledge payment industry.
Object Localization in Highly Cluttered Environments Using Neural Network Learning on Microwave Scattering Data
Authors: Jeong Janghoon , Park Won‐Kwang , Son Seong‐Ho
Published: October 2024

Bifocusing‐based microwave imaging is a promising direct imaging method for object localization in various applications. However, the method has the limitation that it only works well in environments with a homogenous background. In this paper, we present a direct microwave imaging method using a neural network (NN) model that can localize a small object even in highly cluttered environments with strong scatterers. The NN model is trained on some data sets obtained through multistatic measurements in a nonhomogeneous environment. To verify the approach, we prepared an experimental testbed equipped with a water tank containing 3 strong scatterers and 16 antennas to obtain 920 MHz multistatic scattering data. This experiment shows good localization performance, with an average localization error of approximately 4 mm (1/9 of a wavelength) over the entire experimental area, even in a strong scattering background.
In‐line spectroscopy for iodine quantification in dynamic contrast‐enhanced dedicated breast CT
Authors: Goris Liselot C. , Mikerov Mikhail , Pautasso Juan J. , Sechopoulos Ioannis
Published: October 2024

Background

In 4D dynamic contrast‐enhanced dedicated breast computed tomography (4D DCE‐bCT), the functional properties of the breast will be characterized by monitoring the uptake and washout of iodine‐based contrast agents over time. This information could be valuable in breast cancer treatment. However, prior to clinical implementation, it is crucial to validate the quantitative estimates of iodine concentrations at each time point during acquisition.

Purpose

To develop an in‐line spectroscopy system capable of measuring iodine concentrations in a dynamic x‐ray breast phantom in real‐time.

Methods

Potassium iodide served as the contrast agent. The system was set‐up at both the entrance and exit of the phantom. It comprises a fiber‐coupled green LED and collimator, which together ensure that a parallel beam passes through the sample holder. Transmitted light is captured by a collimator on the opposite side and directed through a fiber optic cable to a photodetector for intensity measurement. The relationship between 13 iodine concentrations (0–6 mg I/mL) and light transmission was tested, and the system's repeatability and accuracy were determined.

Results

The system exhibited a strong correlation between iodine concentration and transmission values, achieving a root‐mean‐square error of 0.007. The repeated measurements had relative standard deviations of 0.04% and 0.1% for repeated water measurements at the phantom's entrance and exit, respectively. Furthermore, the accuracy measurements gave a mean error of fitting of 0.008 (± 0.07) mg I/mL.

Conclusion

The in‐line spectroscopy system can effectively monitor iodine concentrations in a dynamic breast phantom, providing a reliable method for quantitative validation of 4D DCE‐bCT.
Safety and Efficacy of Trospium Chloride and Solifenacin in Stroke‐Induced Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Pourmohammad Ali , Konstantinidis Charalampos , Samarinas Michael , Morsali Soroush , Mostafaei Hadi , Farhoudi Mehdi , Rahnama'i Mohammad‐Sajjad , Beheshti Rasa , Salehi‐Pourmehr Hanieh
Published: October 2024

Background

Neurogenic dysfunction of the lower urinary tract is one of the challenging diseases with high burdens in urology. Our study aims to evaluate the efficacy of a 4‐week treatment with Solifenacin and Trospium chloride and assess their safety and impact on quality of life.

Methods

Following the selection of 206 stroke patients from two centers who met specific eligibility criteria, including a clinical diagnosis of stroke, normal cognitive function, and the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), participants were randomly assigned to receive oral Solifenacin, Trospium chloride, or a placebo. Under the supervision of the Ethics Committee, the baseline characteristics, compliance with medication, and outcomes were monitored, gathered, and analyzed.

Results

The majority of participants were male, with a mean age of 67.3, and most had ischemic stroke. The groups had no significant difference in urinary symptoms after stroke. All of the symptoms in the study groups, according to the NBSS questionnaire, were decreased following treatment compared to the baseline (p < 0.05). After treatment, ICIQ‐OAB, and ICIQ‐LUTS‐QOL total scores and bothersome scores decreased significantly compared to baseline (p < 0.001). When compared to the placebo, both Trospium chloride and Solifenacin alleviated symptoms according to the NBSS questionnaire and ICIQ‐LUTS‐QOL, total ICIQ‐OAB, and the total score of ICIQ‐OAB‐Bothersome. However, the total LUTS‐QOL‐Bothersome score did not change in the active treatment groups compared to the placebo. While comparing the two drugs, these values were similar except for the total score of LUTS‐QOL‐Bothersome, ICIQ‐OAB, and ICIQ‐OAB‐Bothersome in favor of the Solifenacin group. Moreover, Solifenacin had fewer side effects compared to Trospium chloride or placebo.

Conclusion

The study analyzed 206 stroke patients in two international centers and found both drug arms effective in treating overactive bladder. However, inconsistencies were found in efficacy and safety, necessitating further studies with larger populations.

Trial Registration

This triple‐blind, multicenter, randomized controlled trial was done on 206 stroke patients after getting Ethical Committee approval and registering the project on IRCT (IRCT20160606028304N2).
Assessment of cardiac and skeletal muscle metabolites using 1H‐MRS and chemical‐shift encoded magnetic resonance imaging: Impact of diabetes, RAGE, and DIAPH1
Authors: Menon Rajiv G. , Yepuri Gautham , Martel Dimitri , Quadri Nosirudeen , Hasan Syed Nurul , Manigrasso Michaele B. , Shekhtman Alexander , Schmidt Ann Marie , Ramasamy Ravichandran , Regatte Ravinder R.
Published: October 2024

Diabetes affects metabolism and metabolite concentrations in multiple organs. Previous preclinical studies have shown that receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE, gene symbol Ager) and its cytoplasmic domain binding partner, Diaphanous‐1 (DIAPH1), are key mediators of diabetic micro‐ and macro‐vascular complications. In this study, we used 1H‐Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and chemical shift encoded (CSE) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to investigate the metabolite and water‐fat fraction in the heart and hind limb muscle in a murine model of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and to determine if the metabolite changes in the heart and hind limb are influenced by (a) deletion of Ager or Diaph1 and (b) pharmacological blockade of RAGE‐DIAPH1 interaction in mice. Nine cohorts of male mice, with six mice per cohort, were used: wild type non‐diabetic control mice (WT‐NDM), WT‐diabetic (WT‐DM) mice, Ager knockout non‐diabetic (RKO‐NDM) and diabetic mice (RKO‐DM), Diaph1 knockout non‐diabetic (DKO‐NDM), and diabetic mice (DKO‐DM), WT‐NDM mice treated with vehicle, WT‐DM mice treated with vehicle, and WT‐DM mice treated with RAGE229 (antagonist of RAGE‐DIAPH1 interaction). A Point Resolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence for 1H‐MRS, and multi‐echo gradient recalled echo (GRE) for CSE were employed. Triglycerides, and free fatty acids in the heart and hind limb obtained from MRS and MRI were compared to those measured using biochemical assays. Two‐sided t‐test, non‐parametric Kruskal‐Wallis Test, and one‐way ANOVA were employed for statistical analysis. We report that the results were well‐correlated with significant differences using MRI and biochemical assays between WT‐NDM and WT‐DM, as well as within the non‐diabetic groups, and within the diabetic groups. Deletion of Ager or Diaph1, or treatment with RAGE229 attenuated diabetes‐associated increases in triglycerides in the heart and hind limb in mice. These results suggest that the employment of 1H‐MRS/MRI is a feasible non‐invasive modality to monitor metabolic dysfunction in T1D and the metabolic consequences of interventions that block RAGE and DIAPH1.
Research on cyberbullying and suicide: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Denche‐Zamorano A. , Mendoza‐Muñoz M. , Barrios‐Fernández S. , Galán‐Arroyo C. , Adsuar J. C. , y Rojo‐Ramos J.
Published: October 2024

Suicide is a global mental health problem. In recent years, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and suicides have increased in children and adolescents. In this population, cyberbullying is a public health problem that has grown along the increase in use of devices with internet access. Cybervictimization is related to negative health effects, even including suicidal ideation or suicide in cyberbullied individuals. This study is the first bibliometric analysis on scientific literature related to cyberbullying and suicide based on the traditional laws of bibliometrics. The aim was to generate a global overview of the research related to this object of study. We analysed 242 documents published in journals indexed in the Web of Science, examining the trend followed by annual publications, identifying the prolific (most productive) and prominent (prolific co‐authors with one or more papers between most cited papers) co‐authors, leading countries and journals, the most cited documents and the most used author keywords. Annual publications followed an exponential growth trend (R2 = 89.2%), meaning that there is a great interest in the scientific community for this study object. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health and Psychiatry Research were the journals with most document published. Baiden, P. (prolific), Kowalski, R. (most cited), Hinjuja, S. and Patchin, J. (prominents) were the most highlighted co‐authors, reference authors on the subject. Most scientific output originated in the USA. Five thematic lines were identified among the author keywords. The results of this research show the growing interest of the scientific community in this topic, along with useful information for researchers and publishers, identifying relevant co‐authors, journals interested in the topic and emerging lines of research, highlighting self‐harm, cyber‐victimisation, suicide risks and suicidal behaviours as the most recent thematic lines.
Profiles of John Henryism and subjective task value in higher education: the motivations and attributions of nontraditional students
Authors: Eisman Joseph I. , Torsney Benjamin M. , Beckowski Catherine Pressimone , Reinhardt Jessica S.
Published: October 2024

School psychology scholars argue that diversifying the profession will advance equity and social justice. Yet, nontraditional and racially and ethnically minoritized students are underrepresented in school psychology programs. These diverse college students bring complex identities that may complicate as well as enrich their paths to achievement. This is a challenge as higher education environments often do not optimize support for these students. To address this challenge, we investigated the influence of a school‐based task on cognitive engagement, subjective task value, positive and negative emotions, identities, and context‐sensitive high‐effort coping called John Henryism in 294 U.S. college students. Correlation and regression analysis demonstrated a strong relationship between John Henryism and subjective task value. Latent profile analysis and follow‐up logistic regression demonstrated that older and Latinx students predicted membership in the group that was high in John Henryism and subjective task value. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of this work in better understanding the mixed consequences of achievement motivation, contextualizing subjective task value using John Henryism, and recommendations for higher education institutions.
Stress, social support, and internalizing problems: Domains of stress and support
Authors: Wimmer Jessica , Coyle‐Eastwick Samantha , Fox Jeremy K. , Grapin Sally
Published: October 2024

Social support has been consistently identified as a protective factor for youth. Two competing models have been proposed regarding the role of social support: one in which social support provides benefits for all youth (General Benefits) and one where youth undergoing stress are especially protected (Stress‐Buffering). While the General Benefits model is supported, evidence for Stress‐Buffering is more mixed. These disparate findings may be attributed to how different sources of social support (i.e., parents, teachers, classmates, and friends) interact with different stressors in relation to internalizing problems. The current study investigated the relationships between different stressors (i.e., family, academic, and social), sources of social support, and internalizing problems in a sample of 166 middle school students. The General Benefits model was supported for all sources of social support. Surprisingly, vulnerability‐enhancing effects were found for high teacher and parent support, wherein the positive association between internalizing problems and social stress was strengthened with high teacher and parent support.
Incidence, characteristics, and clinical impact of serious adverse events in patients with breast cancer receiving antineoplastic treatment in the ambulatory setting
Authors: AbuAloush Zahieh , Awad Wedad , Mashni Ola , Shkakhwa Farah , Al‐Faris Ayman , Al‐Omari Maryam , Nabulsi Sara , Nazer Lama
Published: October 2024

Patients with breast cancer experience various types of adverse events (AEs) during their treatment journey. We aimed to evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and impact of serious AEs in breast cancer patients receiving antineoplastic treatment in the ambulatory setting. A 4‐month prospective observational study that included patients with breast cancer treated in the chemotherapy infusion clinics. Patients were assessed for serious AEs, defined as any AE that resulted in a visit to the emergency department (ED) with or without hospital admission, or required any clinical intervention, which were considered as the addition of supportive medications or modifications to the treatment protocol. Characteristics of the patients and antineoplastic regimens as well as the type of AEs were recorded. During the study period, 1168 patients received 2547 cycles. The mean age was 50 ± 11.6 (SD) years and patients had received a median (IQR) of 3 (1–5) treatment cycles prior to enrollment. Among the study cohort, 465 patients(40%) developed at least one serious AE. A total of 660 (26%) cycles were associated with 757 AEs, which required ED visits, addition of supportive medications, and modifications to the treatment protocol in 58%, 29%, and 17% of the cycles, respectively. Most common AEs were musculoskeletal (n = 132, 17%) and gastrointestinal (n = 125, 16.5%). Taxane‐based regimens were associated with the most AEs (n = 286, 38%). In a cohort of patients with breast cancer treated in the ambulatory setting, 4 out of 10 patients developed at least one serious AE during the study period. Future research should identify measures to reduce the incidence and severity of such complications.
Enhances the resistance of rice to lepidopteran pests by fusing the Cry1Ca and Cry2Aa genes with self‐cleavage peptide sequence
Authors: Liu Qing , Deng Lihua , Weng Lvshui , Li Jinjiang , Li Xinyan , Kang Weiwei , Duan Yaping , Xiao Guoying
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Accumulation of two or more Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins in plant not only improves the resistance to pests and broadens the resistance spectrum of crops, but also delays the development of pest resistance.

RESULTS

The self‐cleavage peptide sequence was used to link two codon‐optimized genes, so as to achieve simultaneous accumulation of two low homologous insecticidal proteins in one plant. The rice transformants accumulating Cry1Ca and Cry2Aa proteins were fed to local lepidopteran pests and the larva mortality in 5 days were 100%. The sum of Cry1Ca and Cry2Aa proteins in leaves of transformants E1C&2A‐1 and E2A&1C‐18 were 10.60 and 9.55 μg g−1 fresh weight (FW), respectively, and the larva mortality of fall armyworm fed on their leaves for 5 days reached 100%. For the control transformants that expressed one Bt protein, the content of Cry1Ca in leaves of transformant E1CM031 was 14.94 μg g−1 FW, and that of Cry2Aa in leaves of transformant B2A4008S was 11.90 μg g−1 FW, but the larva mortality of fall armyworm fed on leaves of E1CM031 and B2A4008S for 5 days were 77.78% and 52.78%, respectively. Although the total Bt contents in transformants expressing one Bt protein were higher than that of transformants expressing two Bt proteins, the lethality of transformants expressing one Bt protein were obviously lower than that of transformants expressing two Bt proteins.

CONCLUSION

The lethal effect of accumulating both Cry1Ca and Cry2Aa proteins in rice was stronger than that of amassing Cry1Ca or Cry2Aa protein only, which meant there was synergistic effect between Cry1Ca and Cry2Aa proteins. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Loop Defects in Honeycomb Photonic Crystals
Authors: Smolina Ekaterina O. , Stepikhova Margarita V.
Published: October 2024

Herein, the properties of a novel type of photonic cavities, namely, loop defects in honeycomb photonic crystals, are discussed. Features of such defects, in particular far‐field and polarization patterns of their modes, are studied. The robustness of modes to the structural imperfections is discussed in terms of the variation in their frequency, quality factor, and far‐field emission. The predicted effects can be readily observed in state‐of‐the‐art experiments and may lead to potential applications in integrated photonics.
Joint modeling of degradation signals and time‐to‐event data for the prediction of remaining useful life
Authors: Brumm Sebastian , Linstead Erik , Chen Junde , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy , Wen Yuxin
Published: October 2024

Accurate prediction of remaining useful life (RUL) for in‐service systems plays an important role in ensuring efficient operation of industrial equipment and in preventing unexpected equipment failures. In this paper, we present a prognostic framework for real‐time RUL prediction based on joint modeling of both degradation signals and time‐to‐event data. The proposed model employs a change point‐based general path model to capture signal non‐linearity and Neural network (NN) based Cox model to link the time‐to‐event data with the estimated degradation trend. An empirical two‐step scheme for hyperparameter estimation is proposed to enhance prognostic accuracy. Furthermore, an efficient Bayesian model updating procedure, integrated with recursive particle filtering, is used to facilitate online prediction, achieving accurate RUL prediction in real‐time and accounting for uncertainties in RUL prediction. Simulation and real‐life case studies demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method over existing approaches.
Reliability analysis for binary Lévy degradation processes using characteristic functions
Authors: Shi Yu , Feng Qianmei
Published: October 2024

Many engineering systems experience complex degradation processes along with random shocks that often pose a risk to the safe and reliable operations of the system. The analysis of dependence among multiple degradation processes has been a challenging task in the field of reliability engineering. To study dependence behaviors and jump uncertainties among degradation processes, one of the effective approaches is to model these degradation processes using multidimensional Lévy subordinators. However, a critical obstacle arises in determining the convergent mathematical form of the reliability function under Lévy measures and distributions. To obtain a closed form of reliability function, this study investigates the Lévy measure and the characteristic function of multiple dependent degradation processes. Each degradation process is modeled by a one‐dimensional Lévy subordinator utilizing the marginal Lévy measure and characteristic function. The dependence among all dimensions is described by the Lévy copula and the associated multidimensional Lévy measure. For a two‐dimensional case, we derive the reliability function and probability density function (PDF) from the characteristic function and the inverse Fourier transform. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the proposed models for reliability and lifetime analysis of multidimensional degradation processes in engineering systems.
A reliability allocation method for mechanical products considering meta‐action performance factors and failure correlation
Authors: Chen Yifan
Published: October 2024

Motion is one of the most basic forms of mechanical products, which directly determines the performance stability and function realization of products. In this paper, a reliability allocation method for mechanical products is proposed, which takes the meta‐action with motion characteristics as the allocation granularity unit, and fully considers the performance factors and failure correlation of the meta‐action. Firstly, the function‐motion‐action (FMA) decomposition method is used to establish the decomposition model of mechanical products to determine all the meta‐actions that realize the function of products. Secondly, four factors that affect the reliability of the meta‐action are introduced, namely sensitivity, severity, potential improvement, and dynamic performance, and the comprehensive allocation weight model of meta‐actions is established. Furthermore, to solve the deficiency of the traditional failure independence hypothesis, Copula theory is used to establish the reliability allocation model of the meta‐action system. Finally, a numerical control turntable is taken as an example to illustrate the applicability of the method. The results show that the reliability allocation value of the proposed method is significantly lower than that of the traditional method when the reliability index of the product is guaranteed, which provides theoretical guidance for the reliability design of mechanical products.
Online Learning‐Based Event‐Triggered Model Predictive Control With Shrinking Prediction Horizon for Perturbed Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Lin Min , Shan Shuo , Sun Zhongqi , Xia Yuanqing
Published: October 2024

This article proposes an online learning‐based event‐triggered model predictive control (OLEMPC) scheme for constrained nonlinear systems with state‐dependent uncertainties. The scheme incorporates both the nominal and the learned models to ensure favorable theoretical properties during online learning. A composite measurement‐triggering strategy is devised to reduce the number of state measurements as well as solving the optimization problems. This strategy attenuates the conservatism in measurement and triggering through combining the event‐ and self‐triggering approaches. By implementing the algorithm, both state measurement and triggering frequency further decrease with the online refinement of the prediction model, and the prediction horizon adaptively shrinks as the state approaches the terminal region. It is shown that the feasibility of the optimization problem and stability of the closed‐loop system are guaranteed. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of this scheme in ensuring closed‐loop performance and alleviating computational burden.
The mediating role of HRM outcomes in the relationship between employee development and company performance results: A study with a sustainable HRM perspective on Central European MNCs
Authors: Stor Marzena , Haromszeki Łukasz
Published: October 2024

The main goal of the article is to determine the mediating role of human resources management (HRM) outcomes in the relationships between employee development (ED) and company performance results and to establish whether there are any identifiable regularities in this scope in the pre‐pandemic and pandemic period of COVID‐19, the latter being understood as a crisis period, in the headquarters (HQs) and foreign subsidiaries of multinational companies (MNCs). Additionally, the article aims to undertake an interpretation of the obtained research data from the perspective of sustainable HRM. The empirical research encompassed 200 MNCs with headquarters in Central Europe. The research encompassed 200 MNCs headquartered in Central Europe. For statistical analysis, the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was used. The results indicate that HRM outcomes serve as a positive intermediary and this mediation is stronger in crisis times. The findings enrich both theory and practice, providing a solid framework for incorporating sustainable HRM into organizational strategic management, including ED, especially in MNCs, to boost performance and resilience. An innovative aspect is the application of employee key performance indicators as the efficiency index to study variable effects.