bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Broadening the distribution of Mattirolomyces mexicanus Kovács, Trappe & Alsheikh (Pezizales, Ascomycota), a rare truffle-like fungus from Mexico
Authors: de la Fuente Javier Isaac , García-Jiménez Jesús , Pinzón Juan Pablo , Ibarra Garibay León Esteban , Sánchez-Flores Marcos , Guevara-Guerrero Gonzalo
Published: August 2024

Mattirolomyces mexicanus Kovács, Trappe & Alsheikh is recorded for the ﬁrst time from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, based on morphological and molecular data. This species is characterized by the whitish membranous peridium with inﬂate hyphae over 100 µm in diameter, pale gleba, subreticulat-ed ascospores of 15–21 µm, and the putative association with Fabaceae species. This is ﬁrst record of a sequestrate Ascomycota from the Yucatan Peninsula and the second record of the species worldwide. A description, photographs, and a molecular analysis of two DNA markers (ITS and LSU) are presented.
Pola Konten Pemberitaan Pemilu 2024 dan Ideologi Moderatisme di Media Keislaman Online
Authors: Romadlan Said
Published: August 2024

This study aims to comprehend the pattern of news content of Indonesia's 2024 presidential election and the ideology on the media suaramuhammadiyah.id and NU online during the presidential election campaign. Using a qualitative content analysis method, this study found that the news content of the two online Islamic media had different patterns in issue selection and source determination. Meanwhile, in the category of content tendencies, the two online media showed relatively the same pattern, that is, both were neutral. This study also found that the news content of the media suaramuhammadiyah.id and NU online was influenced by the ideology of moderation. This can be seen from the tendency of the content of the two online media which disseminated moderate Islamic ideology developed by Muhammadiyah and NU. The tendency of neutrality is in accordance with the values of Muhammadiyah and NU moderation, as contained in the doctrine of Muhammadiyah's "Islam Berkemajuan" (Progressive Islam) and NU's "Islam Nusantara" (Islam of the Archipelago).
Coronavirus spike protein fragment-containing chimeric virus-like particles stimulate human dendritic cell maturation
Authors: Talayev V. Yu. , Novikov D. V. , Zaichenko I. Ye. , Svetlova M. V. , Voronina E. V. , Babaykina O. N. , Lapin V. A. , Melentiev D. A. , Novikova N. A. , Kashnikov A. Yu. , Novikov V. V.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Viral capsid proteins can assemble into virus-like particles lacking infectivity and bearing parental virus antigens or artificially introduced antigens from other pathogens. At least some of such particles are highly immunogenic and could serve as a platform for promising vaccines. In this work, we assessed an effect of virus-like particles decorated with a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein fragment on human dendritic cell phenotype and functional properties. Materials and methods. The virus-like particles were assembled using chimeric molecules obtained by fusing genetic sequences encoding a norovirus major capsid protein VP1 fragment and a coronavirus spike protein fragment, including the receptor-binding domain. Dendritic cells were obtained from monocytes in vitro. Results. Incubation of immature dendritic cells with virus-like particles induced their phenotypic and functional maturation. The former was revealed by significantly increased expression of HLA-DR, CD80, CD86 and CD83. Dendritic cell phenotype after incubation with virus-like particles at the maximum concentration of 10 μg/ml did not differ significantly from that of mature dendritic cells in positive control. Along with phenotypic maturation, virus-like particles caused a manifold increase in the production of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-α, anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, as well as interleukin-6, which can stimulate both antibody synthesis and cellular pro-inflammatory reactions. The pronounced stimulation of dendritic cells by virus-like particles coated with coronavirus antigens evidence about successful particle recognition. Finally, we discuss plausible mechanisms for recognition of such virus-like particles by dendritic cell receptors. Conclusion. It has been shown that chimeric virus-like particles induced phenotypic and functional dendritic cell maturation, which is manifested by markedly elevated expression of functionally important membrane molecules, as well as a manifold rise in production of cytokines with a wide functional range. In our opinion, the data obtained indicate a promise of using virus-like particles based on norovirus proteins to display SARS-CoV-2 antigens.
The association between the history of supplement use (vitamin or mineral) and COVID-19 disease in the persian cohort population
Authors: Ghorat F. , Ganj Bakhsh A. , Ataee R. , Borghabani R. , Jalambadani Z.
Published: August 2024

The aim of the study was to examine the association between vitamin and mineral supplement consumption and the possibility of contracting COVID-19 disease in the Persian cohort population in 2020. This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 4241 people who were registered in the Cohort Registration System. A logistic regression was performed to ascertain the multivariate association between demographic, health variables, and supplement use and the likelihood that participants were infected with COVID-19. The software used was IBM SPSS 24.0, and a significance level of 0.05 was considered. Analyze the quantitative variables, if the variable was normal, the independent t-test was used, and if the variable was not normal, the Mann–Whitney test was used. To compare the distribution of qualitative variables in the groups, a chi-square test or, if necessary, a Fisher’s exact test was used. The number of participants in this cohort study was 4241. The average age of the participants in the study was 49.22±8.77. The OR value of age variable 0.989 (95% CI: 0.927–1.056); sex variable (95% CI: 0.238–2.743, OR = 0.808); BMI variable (95% CI: 0.927–1.056, OR = 0.953); vitamin D variable (95% CI: 0.333–6.769, OR = 1.502); omega3 variable (95% CI: 0.410–7.688, OR = 1.776); calcium variable (95% CI: 0.041–3.738, OR = 0.391); calcium variable (95% CI: 0.041–3.738, OR = 391); multiVIT variable (95% CI: 0.211–5.645, OR = 1.090); VitC variable (95% CI: 0.000–0.000, OR = 0.000); vitE variable (95% CI: 0.000–0.000, OR = 0.000); were the interval includes. There were no statistically significant multivariate associations (P 0.05) between the explanatory variables infected with COVID-19. There was only a statistically significant correlation between the use of iron tablets and contracting COVID-19 (P = 0.025). Controlling the variables or identifying causal correlations is not feasible due to the observational nature of the study. The results cannot be safely extrapolated to other regions of the world because the cohort sample was limited to inhabitants of Iran.
Years of potential life lost due to hepatitis B with or without Delta agent in the Kyrgyz Republic
Authors: Nogoibaeva K. A. , Tobokalova S. T. , Boronbaeva E. K.
Published: August 2024

Recent studies indicate that a marked percentage of chronic viral hepatitis B patients is coinfected with hepatitis D virus known to accelerate the progression of liver disease and contribute to unfavourable disease outcome. Data on premature mortality assessed by the Lost Years of Potential Life (LYPL) indicator, provide the most accurate social burden estimate for such coinfection able to contribute to strengthening viral hepatitis control measures. The aim of the study was to conducting comparative LYPL analyses due to acute and chronic hepatitis B infection without and with delta agent in the Kyrgyz Republic in the years 2014–2018. Materials and methods. LYPL magnitude was calculated using the number of recorded deaths in the reporting form of the 2014–2018 National Statistics Committee «C51-Distribution of deaths by sex, age groups and causes of death». Results. In 2014–2018, 145 cases of death of patients with viral hepatitis B without (HB) and with a delta agent (D) were registered in the Kyrgyz Republic. Of these, 66% (96/145) of patients died from hepatitis B, of which a third (32/96) had an acute disease course. And among those who died from hepatitis D (19/49), acute course was registered in 39%. LYPL for the 145 deceased patients totaled 3766 years, of which 63% (2365 years) were due to HB. Despite that only 35% of patients (51/145) died from acute forms of such hepatitides, their LYPL accounted for 52% (1968) of total years lost that decreased by 4.5-fold for 2014–2018 due to AHB (6.3‰ and 1.41‰, 2014 and 2018, respectively) but increased by 1.1-fold due to AHD (2.7‰ and 3.1‰, 2014 and 2018, respectively). Chronic hepatitis B vs CHD resulted in 1.6 times higher LYPL magnitude (1108 and 691, respectively). At the same time, LYPL due to CHB dynamically increased by 2.6 times, whereas due to CHD — by 6.3 times. Сonclusion. The high LYPL level due to hepatitis B and D infection related to pediatric cases evidence about a heavy burden of such diseases in the Kyrgyz Republic. The data obtained prove that it is necessary to increase adherence of adult population to hepatitis B vaccination and examine children at the site of infection, regardless of vaccination history. Abruptly increased LYPL due to chronic hepatitis cases requires strengthening secondary prevention measures and ensuring timely access to specialized care at infection sites. It is also necessary to evaluate epidemiological surveillance after fatal viral hepatitis.
Unboxing the Archive with SpokenWeb UAlberta: A Case Study in Literary Audio Rights
Authors: Miya Chelsea , Kroon Ariel
Published: August 2024

The following paper builds on recent theorizations of ethical archival methodologies, using a case study of archival "unboxings" at the SpokenWeb UAlberta as an invitation to think through critical questions such as these: How do we be good caretakers of audio data, aural/audio histories? Who are the stakeholders represented in the collection, and also, what is at stake, not just in terms of our legal obligations, but our ethical and moral responsibilities?
The paper explores how digitizing historical audio collections can create opportunities to open up a dialogue between scholars and artists, but at the same time also introduce new complexities around issues of privacy and consent. As we have found, “care-full” archival work, to use Cowan’s term, requires us to engage with and imagine past, present, and future media, as well as past, present, and future users.
 
Le présent article s'appuie sur des théorisations récentes des méthodologies archivistiques éthiques, en utilisant une étude de cas des "déballages" d'archives chez SpokenWeb UAlberta comme une invitation à réfléchir à des questions critiques telles que : Comment pouvons-nous être de bons gardiens des données audio, des histoires orales/audio ? Quels sont les parties prenantes représentées dans la collection, et également, quels sont les enjeux, non seulement en termes de nos obligations légales, mais aussi de nos responsabilités éthiques et morales ?
L'article explore comment la numérisation des collections audio historiques peut créer des opportunités pour ouvrir un dialogue entre chercheurs et artistes, tout en introduisant de nouvelles complexités liées aux questions de confidentialité et de consentement. Comme nous l'avons constaté, un travail archivistique "plein de soin", pour utiliser le terme de Cowan, exige que nous nous engagions avec et imaginions les médias du passé, du présent et du futur, ainsi que les utilisateurs du passé, du présent et du futur.
Algılanan Aşırı Nitelikliliğin İş Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi: Dışsal Prestij Algısının Düzenleyici Rolü
Authors: Toker Burcu , Biçkes Durdu Mehmet
Published: August 2024

Aşırı niteliklilik algısının birçok bireysel, örgütsel ve toplumsal sonuçlarının bulunması kavramın disiplinler arası çalışmalara konu olması sonucunu doğurmuştur. Literatür incelemesinde aşırı niteliklilik, görev performansı, bağlamsal performans ve dışsal prestij algısını birlikte ele alan sınırlı sayıda çalışmanın bulunduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın amacı, algılanan aşırı nitelikliliğin iş performansı üzerindeki etkisinde dışsal prestij algısının düzenleyici rolünü test etmektir. Çalışmanın örneklem çerçevesini, Kayseri’deki özel okullarda çalışan öğretmenler oluşmaktadır. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişki regresyon metodu ile test edilirken düzenleyici etki “PROCESS 3.2” prosedürü kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analizler, algılanan aşırı nitelikliliğin görev performansını ve bağlamsal performansı pozitif yönde etkilediğini, ayrıca dışsal prestij algısının, algılanan aşırı nitelikliliğin görev performansı üzerindeki etkisinde düzenleyici role sahip olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmanın son kısmında, araştırmanın sınırlılıklarına değinilmiş, gelecekte konu üzerinde çalışma yapacak olan araştırmacılara ve eğitim sektörü çalışanlarına ve yöneticilerine yönelik çeşitli öneriler aktarılmıştır.
A critical investigation into identifying key focus areas for the implementation of blockchain applications in the mining industry
Authors: Philo K.G. , Webber-Youngman R.C.W.
Published: August 2024

Digital information and data are crucial drivers of progress in various industries, including mining, where data-driven decision making optimizes resource extraction, enhances safety, and ensures sustainability. The adoption of digital technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things has amplified the importance of digital information. However, the integrity and security of this information are paramount, leading to the exploration of blockchain technology as a potential solution for secure digital value exchange in mining. This research examines blockchain's capabilities, drawing insights from its applications in sectors like banking, government, healthcare, and entertainment, and evaluates their relevance to mining's core value chain processes. The study identifies blockchain's distributed ledger technology, cryptographic security, and decentralization as unique advantages that can revolutionize mining by enhancing transaction speed, reducing costs, and improving supply chain transparency and compliance with sustainability standards. Blockchain's transparent and auditable records can enhance business transparency, fostering trust among stakeholders, including investors and regulatory bodies. The technology's consensus mechanisms and smart contracts further promote trust in collaborative ventures. This research provides a foundational understanding for decision-makers in the mining industry to evaluate blockchain's feasibility and potential return on investment, guiding strategic planning and resource allocation for blockchain applications. By leveraging blockchain, mining companies can optimize operations, improve sustainability practices, and establish a robust foundation for future growth, positioning blockchain as a transformative technology in the sector.
Hydrogeology and groundwater control at Chambishi mine, Zambia
Authors: Fan Y. , Zhang D.H. , Xu J.Y.
Published: August 2024

The hydrogeological conditions in the Chambishi mine area in Zambia. were investigated. Chambishi is a very wet mine and groundwater discharge costs are high. The research goal was to identify methods to reduce the discharge costs without greatly affecting the mining process. Hydrogeological data was obtained from measurements in drill-holes and from drill cores. The differences in structural deformation in different areas determine whether a layer of rock is an aquifer. In the mine region, the Lower Roan Group ore shale and quartz-sandstone unconformably lie on the basal schist and granite aquifuge. The Upper Roan Group dolomite is continuously distributed over a large area around the orebody. This dolomite is the main target of groundwater control efforts, and its water yield is also influenced by the deformation intensity. Based on the observations, backfilling was gradually adopted to appropriately safeguard the integrity of the aquifuge above the orebody. The overlapping relationship between the aquifer and aquifuge has been utilized to increase mine drainage efficiency. This measure has not only greatly reduced the costs of mine drainage, but also improced protection of the groundwater environment. The old drill-holes that were not sealed after exploration drilling were grouted. Further, possible water-conducting fracture zones were investigated. Cover drilling towards the suspected zone was conducted to prevent the high-pressure groundwater from shallower aquifers from entering stopes in deep areas of the mine.
Beyond the empirical pillar design method: The strain criterion and the pillar load inversion concepts
Authors: Le Bron K.B. , Gardner L.J. , van Zyl J.
Published: August 2024

Pillar design is a crucial aspect of underground mining engineering, as it directly impacts the safety, stability, and overall effectiveness of mining operations. In this paper we present a method to calculate pillar stability based on the strain criterion and pillar load inversion concept, which complements the empirical pillar strength formulae. Those formulae do not account for certain parameters that can affect the stability of the pillars, e.g. weak layers, changes in stress orientations due to mining, orebody dip, mining layout complexity, and the influence of regional stabilizing pillars. The approach presented here is not intended to replace the empirical method; rather, we suggest using it as the initial step in the pillar design process. This should be followed by iterative numerical modelling to study pillar behaviour, define pillar stability, and optimize the pillar design by considering site-specific and representative rock mass properties and criteria.
Sensitivity of rainfed okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) to mulch material and plant spacing in drought-prone tropical soils
Authors: O. Obi Justina , J. Onah Chinaza , L. Nnadi Adaobi , O. Osadebe Vivian , C. Akubue Jacinta , F. Amuji Chinedu , E. Obalum Sunday
Published: August 2024

Mulch regulates soil hydrothermal regime while suppressing weed growth, effects of which may depend on mulch material and/or similar to that of closed crop canopy. Combined use of organic or inorganic material as surface mulch and appropriate plant spacing may produce synergistic agronomic effects in water-stressed environments. This study evaluated the sensitivity of rainfed okra to mulch-spacing variants in droughty derived-savannah soils. With dry-grass mulch (DGM) and sawdust mulch (SDM) representing organic mulch material and black polythene (BPM) as inorganic/plastic, treatments were factorial combinations of surface-applied DGM, SDM and BPM with close (60 cm × 30 cm), intermediate (60 cm × 45 cm) and wide (60 cm × 60 cm) spacings. Crop growth/performance and fruit yield data were collected. Mulch material affected okra growth (with overall better results in BPM than SDM), but not flowering/fruiting and fruit yield. For plant spacing, sum of weights of pods and fruit yield were higher in close than intermediate and wide spacings, with fruit yields as 2.42, 1.21 and 0.76 t ha-1, respectively. Mulch-spacing interaction effects showed that BPM with close spacing gave the highest values for stem girth 8 weeks after sowing (SDM treatments gave the lowest), sum of weights of pods and fruit yield (2.93 t ha-1). Fruit yield, however, depended not on stem girth but on certain okra yield attributes. The BPM or, where not feasible, either of DGM and SDM, could be effectively combined with close spacing to improve okra productivity in droughty soils of the derived savannah.
Замечания об импликации Фаррелла
Authors: Беликов Александр Александрович
Published: August 2024

В статье предлагается анализ трехзначной импликации, предложенной Робертом Фарреллом в работе «Material Implication, Confirmation, and Counterfactuals» (1979). Посредством предлагаемого анализа установлено, что, во-первых, импликация Фаррелла обладает всеми свойствами, достаточными, чтобы отнести ее к категории коннексивных импликаций. Во-вторых, импликация Фаррелла, будучи сходной по некоторым своим свойствам с конъюнкцией, может быть использована для формального моделирования некоторых особенностей понимания условных высказываний, присущих человеку на ранних этапах развития его когнитивных способностей. Основным техническим результатом работы является построение и мета-теоретическое исследование трехзначной логики $\mathbf{F^{*}_{3}}$, содержащей импликацию Фаррелла.
Гуссерль, Хайдеггер и Ласк
Authors: Мельникова Екатерина Васильевна
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматриваются некоторые особенности феноменологического учения о значении на материале «Логических исследований» Гуссерля, некоторых из ранних трудов Хайдеггера, а также «Логики философии и учении о категориях» Ласка. Автор полагает, что многие идеи учения неокантианца Ласка могут быть вписаны в более общую логику феноменологического метода и даже способны усиливать отдельные тезисы феноменологии. Цель настоящей статьи — показать, что Гуссерль, Хайдеггер и Ласк в своих трудах развивают сходные интуиции, которые делают исследование феномена значения одним из центральных элементов их философских учений. Для этого в первой части статьи раскрывается содержание основных понятий, которые имеют наиболее непосредственное отношение к феноменологическому учению о значении, уточняется специфика актов, придающих значение и интуитивных актов. Демонстрируется, что интенция значения в феноменологии обладает собственным содержанием, которое нельзя исчерпать как в восприятии и созерцании, так и в «психическом переживании». Во второй части части статьи обсуждается феноменологическая трактовка понятия интенциональности у Гуссерля и раннего Хайдеггера. Феноменологическая идея интенции значения противопоставляется здесь истолкованию интенциональности у Брентано, которое опирается на учение о ментальных феноменах. В этом разделе отмечается, что, в отличие от учения Брентано, в рамках феноменологического учения об интенциональности формируется вовсе не «теория представления», но философская «теория значения», в которой значение не редуцируется к ментальности, но понимается исключительно как языковое явление. Кроме того, демонстрируется связь феноменологической теории интенциональности и трехуровневой семантической модели, предполагающей возможность конституирования в языке отдельного смыслового уровня — смыслового универсума. В заключительной части статьи феноменологический подход получает интерпретацию в его сопоставлении со стратегией «панархии логоса» Ласка. Через учение Ласка об отношении «мира» значимых форм к области действительного в этом разделе выявляются некоторые из онтологических предпосылок учения о мире феноменов.
Accurate Analysis of Stand-up Time Rock Collapse When Inlet Tunnel Excavation is Carried out in there are Cracked and Broken Rock Formations and a Poorly Silty-clay Soil Profile
Authors: Munirwansyah Munirwansyah , Reza P Munirwan , Surya Dharma
Published: August 2024

The condition of the rock formation and the poor stability of the type of soil mass (problematic soil) in the tunnel excavation route greatly influence the achievement of the collapse (stand-up time) that will occur. The thickness of the overburden pressure above the tunnel opening is often difficult to meet, so in the inlet zone as well as in the out-let zone, slope collapse often occurs and disrupts the work implementation schedule. On the slope of the inlet excavation location, there are also silt formations with outcroppings. Rocks from small to large sizes and there are even rock masses that are cracked so that the quality or strength of the rock is unstable when exposed to the equipment used when tunnel excavation work is carried out. This research method was carried out using an approach that corresponds to the Rock Quality Designation (RQD) value with the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) value which will provide a classification of rock classes and excavation methods. The data used in this research is rock data at the tunnel inlet of the Rukoh Dam Steering Building. From the RQD and RMR data and soil physical properties obtained in this research, analysis was carried out using the empirical approach introduced by Bieniawski. The results obtained from the in-situ test drilling work, the results of which were stored in the core box at the tunnel inlet, obtained an RQD value equal to 32.5% and an RMR value equal to 15. The RMR value shows that the rock at the tunnel inlet falls into the very category poor. With a tunnel opening as wide as 6.60 M, the stand-up time at the tunnel in-let is less than 30 minutes.
MDM culture v1
Authors: Sokratian Arpine , not provided enquan.xu
Published: August 2024

This protocol details the steps for isolation of PBMC from donors’ buffy coat and differentiation protocol into MDM cells. We use this MDM model to investigate the immune cellular uptake and proinflammatory response upon treatment with alpha-synuclein fibrils.
Denaturation analysis of α-synuclein fibrils v1
Authors: Sokratian Arpine
Published: August 2024

This protocol details the specific parameters used to accurately measure the denaturation sensitivity of α-synuclein fibrils. Essential parts of this protocol describe the evaluation of sonicated fibrils to ensure the reproducibility of the results. Visualization of α-synuclein is recommended to be conducted using slot-blot analysis with aggregate-specific α-synuclein antibodies.
Preparation of mouse and human α-synuclein fibrils v1
Authors: Sokratian Arpine , west andrew.west
Published: August 2024

This protocol describes the preparation of homogeneous a-synuclein fibrils. The primary objective is to generate alpha-synuclein fibrils with high homogeneity in size, devoid of other protein species such as monomers and oligomers. The protocol employs shaking to generate the fibrils and sonication to reduce the fibrils to their terminal length. The expected outcome is the production of highly homogeneous fibrils, with a consistent size range of 25±5 nm in radius, and at high concentrations without the presence of monomers and oligomers. This protocol provides a method for producing stable, homogeneous sonicated fibrils that can be stored in batches for in vitro and in vivo experiments. By following this protocol, the fibrils produced will consistently maintain the same size and concentration, thereby ensuring the reliability and reproducibility of subsequent experimental results.
The influence of an innovative trigger obtained by zonal appropriate annealing of the walls in a columnar passive energy absorber on the achieved crashworthiness indicators - experimental study
Authors: Ferdynus Mirosław
Published: August 2024

The crashworthiness indicators are a key parameter for assessing the effectiveness of energy absorbers and these in turn are highly dependent on the initial phase of the crumple process and triggering mechanism. In classical designs, indentations or holes are made at a specific location to improve the triggering performance, however, the effects are limited and often unsatisfactory. This paper proposes an innovative, original solution for a column energy absorber that significantly improves the triggering parameters and relies on the introduction of smooth changes in material properties along the column axis through the use of specially localized annealing and cooling with specific parameters in its manufacturing process. The veracity of the idea presented was warranted by an experiment from which the characteristics of crushing force vs. shortening were obtained, which in turn were used to calculate crashworthiness indicators. Results confirm extremely good energy-absorbing properties of the proposed solution compared to the classic ones.
Demiryolu Yük Taşımacılığı Ekonomik Büyümeyi Etkiler Mi? ARDL Sınır Testi Yaklaşımı
Authors: Yağış Onur
Published: August 2024

Demiryolu yük taşımacılığı, yurtiçi ve yurtdışı ekonomik işlemlerin gerçekleştirilmesi bakımından büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu taşımacılık türü ihracatçılara, ara malı tedariki ve tamamlanmış ürünlerin ihraç edilmesinde masrafların azalmasına ve daha fazla mal ihracı sağlaması açısından önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Bu olumlu katkılar ise ekonomik büyümenin artmasını sağlayabilmektedir. Türkiye’ de demiryolu taşımacılığında en başarılı gelişmeler Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonraki kalkınma yıllarında yaşanmıştır. Demiryolu taşımacılığının kullanımı, tarihsel süreçte sanayi sektörünün, ekonomik ve sosyal yapının gelişmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye için demiryolu yük taşımacılığının ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkileri 1960-2021 dönemi için ARDL sınır testi ekonometrik tekniğiyle analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma sonucuna göre demiryolu yük taşımacılığı hem uzun hem de kısa dönemde ekonomik büyüme üzerinde pozitif etki oluşturmuştur. Buna göre uzun dönemde demiryolu yük taşımacılığındaki %1’lik artış ekonomik büyümenin %1,95 oranında artmasını sağlamıştır. Bu noktadan hareketle demiryolu sektörüne yapılması muhtemel yatırımların ekonominin büyümesine ve gelişmesine katkı sunacağı tahmin edilmektedir.
Effectiveness of microsurgical palatal tonsillectomy in patients with oropharyngeal cancer and metastases of squamous cell carcinoma into the cervical lymph nodes without identified primary lesion
Authors: Sokolova M. I. , Rostovtsev D. M. , Guz A. O.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Metastasis without an identified primary lesion is an unresolved and complex problem in clinical oncology. The issue of the necessity of primary lesion identification remains controversial. According to some studies, detection of the primary tumor potentially reduces the dose of radiation therapy and therefore prevents development of toxic reactions that reduce the quality of life of the patient, and in some cases completely eliminates the need for adjuvant therapy. Widespread development and application of robotic, microsurgical, and laser transoral techniques make it possible to verify latent oropharyngeal cancer. The detection of overexpression of p16 protein in metastatic affected lymph nodes may indicate the association of this pathology with human papillomavirus.

Aim. To investigate the efficacy of microsurgical palatal tonsillectomy (using a surgical microscope) in diagnosis and treatment of occult oropharyngeal cancer in patients with cervical lymph node metastases of undetected primary site, determine the frequency of expression of the surrogate marker of human papillomavirus – protein p16.

Materials and methods. The study was based on the results of diagnosing 82 patients with cervical lymph node metastases of undetected primary site. The inclusion criteria were morphologically verified cervical lymph node metastases of squamous cell carcinoma, absence of a primary tumour after a standard clinical examination. 10 patients underwent palatal tonsillectomy using a surgical microscope and cervical lymph node dissection based on the results of clinical examination and instrumental diagnostics.

Results. The use of microsurgical palatal tonsillectomy in patients with metastases of squamous cell carcinoma in the cervical lymph nodes without identified primary lesion allowed to diagnose cancer of the palatine tonsil in 12.1 % of cases, cancer of this location associated with human papilloma virus in 70 % of cases.

Conclusion. Microsurgical palatal tonsillectomy using a surgical microscope allowed us to not only verify occult palatine tonsil cancer, but also to establish accurate diagnosis and stage of the disease with subsequent determination of the scope of adjuvant therapy.
The effect of surgical access on functional and oncological results of resections in laryngeal cancer T2N0M0
Authors: Daikhes N. A. , Vinogradov V. V. , Reshulsky S. S. , Kochieva S. M. , Daikhes A. N.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. Laryngeal cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm of the ENT organs. The preferred and primary therapy for this pathology is surgical intervention. The search for highly effective organ-saving methods of surgical treatment aimed at minimization of resection volume and preservation of functioning of the larynx continues. Current endolaryngeal surgery allows to improve functional results and is the most modern and advanced method.

Aim. To compare functional and oncological results of surgical treatment of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma Т2N0M0 performed through transcervical and endolaryngeal accesses.

Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal folds part of the larynx T2N0M0 performed between 2015 and 2020 at the Oncological Division of Head and Neck Tumors of the The National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia were analyzed. The study included 49 men aged 52–72 years; the diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. All patients underwent standard exams which led to diagnosis per the Tumor, Nodus and Metastasis international system.

Results. Three-year recurrence-free survival after endolaryngeal resection of cancer of the vocal folds part of the larynx Т2N0M0 was 88.47 %, after transcervical resections it was 91.31 %. Analysis of functional and surgical results showed that compared to patients who underwent surgery through external access, in patients who underwent surgery with endolaryngeal access the rate of complications associated with the surgical wound in the early postoperative period was 13.04 % lower, frequency of cicatricial stenoses of the larynx was 20.06 % lower, and abnormalities of separating function of the larynx were 49.33 % rarer.

Conclusion. In patients who underwent endolaryngeal resection of the larynx, better functional and surgical results were achieved compared to patients who underwent surgery through external access. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference in oncological results between the study groups. This allows to conclude that minimally invasive endolaryngeal approaches are highly effective and functional in organ-saving surgeries for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal fold part of the larynx T2N0M0.
Extended resections in locally advancer laryngeal cancer: clinical case
Authors: Azizyan R. I. , Isaeva M. T. , Stelmakh D. K. , Podvyaznikov S. O.
Published: August 2024

The larynx is a vital and socially important organ performing respiratory, vocal, and protective functions. Therefore, organ-preserving approaches are the preferred methods in treatment of patients with laryngeal cancer.

The article presents a possibility of performing organ-preserving surgical treatment of locally advanced laryngeal cancer, describes a clinical case of extended resection of the larynx, demonstrates options for defect reconstruction stages. The goal of the presented technique is to improve patients’ quality of life.
Methodology of forming a model of diagnosis-related groups for cases of medical care using surgery performed by laparoscopic access
Authors: Zheleznyakova I. A. , Volkova O. A. , Rumiantseva E. I. , Mikhailov I. A. , Fedyaev D. V. , Zuev A. V. , Plakhotnik O. S. , Trifonova G. V. , Vakhrusheva T. S. , Samsonova E. S. , Omelyanovskiy V. V.
Published: August 2024

Background. A wide range of endosurgical treatment methods in various medical care profiles and the need for uniformity of calculations required developing a unified approach to the formation of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) for cases of surgical medical care provided by laparoscopic access.

Objective: to develop a methodology for the formation of a DRG model for cases of medical care using surgery performed by laparoscopic access in the context of the following medical care profiles: “coloproctology”, “urology”, “surgery (abdominal)”, “obstetrics and gynecology”, “pediatric urology-andrology”, “pediatric surgery”.

Material and methods. The methodology for the formation of DRGs to pay for cases of medical care using surgery with laparoscopic access included the implementation of several stages: analysis of scientific and methodological documents, analysis of regulatory legal documents on the research topic, standardized expert survey of federal and regional medical centers (carried out in August 2023), formation of DRGs in the context of each profile, and calculation of cost-intensity coefficients.

Results. Due to significant increase in the cost-intensity coefficient in nine newly formed DRGs to pay for cases of medical care provided by surgery with laparoscopic access, financial support of this type of surgical medical care almost doubled. The formed DRGs with appropriate cost-intensity coefficients were included in the Program on State Guarantees to Deliver Free Medical Care to the Citizens for 2024 and for the planning period of 2025 and 2026.

Conclusion. The methodology of forming DRGs to pay for cases of medical care using surgery performed by laparoscopic access with a unified methodology for calculating costs for medical care provided an integrated approach to the process of forming DRGs for cases of surgical medical care, and unification of calculations for different medical care profiles.
Clinical and economic assessment of using topical bacterial lysate Imudon® for the treatment and prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infections in children
Authors: Kasimova A. R. , Kolbin A. S.
Published: August 2024

Objective: pharmacoeconomic analysis of the feasibility of using topical bacterial lysate Imudon® for the treatment and prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infections in the pediatric population in comparison with other medicines belonging to the class of topical antiseptics.

Material and methods. For the population calculated on the basis of Rosstat data, taking into account the Russian clinical recommendations "Acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI)" and "Acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis (acute tonsillopharyngitis)", the direct medical costs of medical care were determined. The cost of basic therapy of 1 case of acute respiratory infection (ARI) with symptoms of pharyngitis was calculated for two variants of clinical course: favorable (when ARI proceeds without complications and the patient does not need to be prescribed antibacterial drugs), and unfavorable (when confirmed bacterial infection joins and antibiotics are required). The indirect costs of child care are associated with lost gross domestic product (GDP). In estimating the GDP shortfall, it was assumed that the parent does not contribute to the country’s GDP during the entire childcare period.

Results. GDP per capita for 2022 amounted to 2853.13 rubles per day. Thus, with a favorable course of the disease, indirect costs will be 19,972 rubles, and with an unfavorable course – 39,944 rubles. The total costs of the healthcare system and the state for 1 ARI patient are 32,192 rubles in case of favorable course and 71,644 rubles in case of unfavorable course. Imudon® administration allows reducing direct costs of parents for purchase of medicines for treatment of 1 ARI case by 23.6% compared to the therapeutic strategy associated with the use of local antiseptics.

Conclusion. For the first time in Russian economic conditions, the use of Imudon® for the treatment and prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infections in children was evaluated. Its use from the first ARI symptoms allows refusing the use of local antiseptics, shortens the duration of the disease symptoms, and reduces the need for antibiotics, i.e. is feasibleable compared to local antiseptics.
Suicide risk in adolescents with deviant behavior and different hardiness levels
Authors: Gorkovaya Irina A. , Rozhdestvenskiy Vladimir I. , Titova Vlada V.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: The paper discusses the role of hardiness in adolescents with deviant behavior as a personal resource in coping with the challenges of the modern world and its contribution to the prevention of suicide risk in the situation of the increasing prevalence of suicide in adolescence.
AIM: The aim is to study the indicators of suicide risk in adolescents with deviant behavior and different hardiness levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 63 adolescents aged 14–17 years. The study was carried out using the Hardiness Survey by E.N. Osin and E.I. Rasskazova; A Suicide Risk Questionnaire modified by T.N. Razuvaeva.
RESULTS: Low and medium hardiness levels were distributed almost equally, with the exception of 8% of adolescents with high hardiness level. The component of hardiness “Commitment” has a negative association with the indicator of suicidal risk “Affectivity” (p 0,05) at low hardiness level and with “Failure” (p 0,01) at medium hardiness level. The component of hardiness “Control” is also correlated with the indicator of suicidal risk “Maximalism” (p 0,05) at low hardiness level. There was found no associations between the component of hardiness “Challenge” and the indicators of suicide risk. In adolescents with deviant behavior the suicide risk greatly determined by external reasons at low hardiness level and by internal reasons at medium hardiness level.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings allow to identify the following targets of psychological correction to reduce suicidal risk in adolescents with deviant behavior: increasing commitment in life events with their control and the formation of self-confidence at low hardiness level, formation of a ban of any form of suicidal behavior at medium hardiness level, increasing activity regardless of hardiness level.
Determinants of possible inflammatory myocardial damage in acute intestinal infections in children
Authors: Gonchar Natalia V. , Ermolenko Konstantin D. , Chuprova Svetlana N. , Grigoriev Stepan G. , Feoktistova Darya V. , Miterev Nikol
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Non-coronary cardiomyopathies, including inflammatory cardiomyopathies, are one of the leading causes of disability and mortality in children and adults. Inflammatory cardiomyopathy in most cases is an outcome of myocarditis as a result of direct agent-dependent myocardial damage or autoimmune reactions in the absence of genetic predisposition.
AIM: On the basis of clinical assessment of cardiovascular system changes, to develop a discriminant model to predict the possibility of myocardial damage of inflammatory genesis in acute intestinal infections (AII) in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the Intestinal Infections Department of the Children’s Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of FMBA of Russia in the period 2020-2022, 33 children aged from 1 month to 13 years with AII of different etiology were consecutively observed, in whom, according to clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination data, for the first time in their lives, changes in cardiovascular system were detected. The sample was formed using an algorithm for diagnosing inflammatory myocardial lesions in points, the sum of which concluded that there were no or presence of such, which allowed us to identify group 1 (n = 24) and group 2 (n = 9), respectively. Etiological diagnosis of acute intestinal infections was performed in all children, clinical and laboratory data, results of a 12-channel electrocardiogram (ECG), transthoracic echocardiography (EchoCG) were evaluated. The differences in the groups were revealed using the Pearson chi-squared test and the Mann–Whitney test, which were considered reliable at p 0.05. The method of discriminant analysis was used.
RESULTS: Functional systolic noise and increased cardiospecific enzymes were observed less frequently in group 1 than in group 2 (4.2%; 22.2% and 67%; 100%). Of the pathological ECG changes, violations of the repolarization process were observed (16.7%; 33.3%). No significant changes in the Echo-KG were detected. The viral etiology of acute intestinal infections dominated (79.2%; 88.9%). Changes in the hemogram were characterized by a high frequency of leukocytosis in group 1 (29.2%; 0%) and leukopenia in group 2 (4.2%; 22.2%). In group 1, there was a higher frequency of neutrophilosis (79.2%; 44.4%), rod-shaped shift (62.5%; 22.2%), thrombocytosis (29.2%; 0%), lymphocytopenia (95.8%; 55.6%; p 0.05), monocytosis (8.3%; 0%); increased C-reactive protein (41.7%; 33.3%), ALT (29.2%; 11.1%), urea (29.2%; 11.1%), leukocyturia (16.7%; 0%).
CONCLUSIONS: Clinical evaluation of cardiovascular system changes in children with acute intestinal infections using a discriminant model allows to exclude myocardial damage of inflammatory genesis with high probability (95.7%), which is of practical importance.
Anamnestic, clinical, laboratory and molecular genetic characteristics of patients with neonatal diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ivanov Dmitry O. , Ditkovskaya Liliya V. , Maryina Olga I. , Alexandrovich Yurii S. , Turkunova Mariia E. , Suspitsin Evgeny N.
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND: Currently, there is an increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus throughout the world, including the steadily increasing number of rare, genetically determined forms of diabetes. Of particular interest are monogenic forms, including neonatal diabetes mellitus, which is a rare heterogeneous disease that manifests, as a rule, in the first 6 months of a child’s life, characterized by a severe labile course and a high risk of complications. Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare heterogeneous disease that usually manifests itself in the first 6 months of a child’s life, characterized by a severe, labile course and a high risk of complications. Currently, more than 25 genes are known, mutations in which cause both permanent and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus, as well as syndromic variants of this disease, which are of particular interest due to their severity and polymorphic clinical picture. In this regard, timely verification of the diagnosis is of particular importance.
AIM: The aim of this study is to increase the efficiency of diagnosis of neonatal diabetes mellitus based on the analysis of anamnestic, clinical, laboratory and molecular genetic characteristics of patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 14 patients with transient and permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus were examined.
RESULTS: 11 (78.6%) patients had isolated neonatal diabetes, in three of them the disease was verified in the structure of hereditary syndromes (Wolcott–Rallison syndrome, IPEX syndrome and Donohue syndrome). According to molecular genetic analysis, 14 variants were found in the genes ABCC8, KCNJ11, GCK, GATA6, WFS1, CACNA1D, EIF2AK3, FOXP3, PAX4, INSR, IGF1R, three of which were not previously described in the literature.
CONCLUSIONS: The clinical heterogeneity identified in patients is determined primarily by the diversity of verified variants in causative genes. New variants in the CACNA1D and IGF1R genes that may be associated with the development of NDM, remain poorly understood and require further research.