bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Pathogenesis of Neurological Disorders and Brain Fog in Post-COVID19 Syndrome (PCS)
Authors: Bukhari Mulazim Hussain , Liaqat Shumaila , Goodarzain Maedeh
Published: September 2022

Since the pandemic and then now since vaccination, many new signs and symptoms are being observed symptoms of long COVID. In spite of the fact that most individuals with COVID-19 get better within weeks of their sickness, but a small numbers of individuals encounter “Post-COVID” conditions. This is called “long COVID” syndrome if these remain with symptoms after four weeks of first being infected with “SARS-CoV-2”, that causes “COVID-19”. Most common long COVID symptoms, include brain fog, fatigue, anxiety, and depression are important symptoms experienced by Post- COVID-19 patients. The patients are divided into 2 groups, the Post-COVID-19 patients, for up to 4-12 weeks following the infection, and Post-COVIC-19 Syndrome (PCS) for more than 12 weeks.
Advanced Endoscopy Training in UK –what's in there for Pakistan?
Authors: Munir Emaan , Saleemi Tehreem , Mahmood Haris , Khan Farooq
Published: September 2022

Gastrointestinal endoscopy revolutionized the diagnostic as well as therapeutic paradigms of many gastrointestinal diseases. Advanced endoscopy procedures like ERCP and EUS have gained paramount importance in recent times. Structured training in basic as well as advanced endoscopy techniques is essential to boost the confidence of the trainee and ensure positive patient outcomes. This review article used the databases, published literature, and a large number of research journals to find out the latest data on the standards of advanced endoscopy training to improve patient care. To excel in the field of endoscopy, studies have established that an endoscopy trainee should be assessed based on his skill and expertise; not based on a particular number of procedures. The endoscopists must benchmark their performance against their peers to assess their competency. The training of endoscopists should be on real patients, in addition to practice on simulators. Also, training programs and curricula should be well structured. With advanced endoscopy being established across the world in patient-care, it is the need of the hour to establish standards and mechanisms for endoscopy training in Pakistan. The UK systems can offer a roadmap to achieve this goal.
Solving problems in Blood transfusion with efficient technology
Authors: Khalid Bushra , Najaf Dur e , Tahir Bisma , Khan Abdul Bari
Published: September 2022

Blood transfusion is a life-sustaining procedure. But there are several hurdles in safe blood administration which can cause transfusion transmitted infections (TTI) and acute transfusion reactions and even death. Besides, human errors anywhere in the transfusion chain add fuel to the fire. Blood borne Infections like Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are highly prevalent in Pakistan affecting about 7.4% of the general population. Among acute transfusion reactions, Febrile nonhemolytic reaction and the allergic reaction are the most common. Moreover, a variety of human errors and near-miss events in transfusion have been reported in the past. Technology has played an important contribution in upgrading the quality of life and healthcare. The main goal of this review is to point out the problems in blood transfusion and to hint at possible solutions with the use of Technology. In addition to following the WHO strategies for safe blood transfusion, blood safety can be ensured by incorporating haemovigilance systems, pathogen reduction technologies and certain approaches to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination. Human errors can be halted via a Management Information System called “Blood Bank Management Information System (BBMIS)” which can recognize and arrest such errors simultaneously.
Children in Pakistan are dying! Who is Responsible?
Authors: Mumtaz Nimra , Rasheed Rabiya , Gill Saima , Bhatti Nasir Islam
Published: September 2022

Child mortality is a serious global issue with more than two thirds of neonatal deaths caused by conditions that are preventable and can be treated by simple interventions. Diarrhea is among the most common causes for neonatal mortality and poor WASH (Water and Sanitation Hygiene) is the biggest cause of diarrhoeal cases (90%). In Pakistan urbanization, industrialization, acute water shortage and population explosion adversely affect water quality. Furthermore, Pakistan faces the threat of acute water crisis due to climate change. This problem needs to be addressed. The child mortality rate can be reduced by focusing on optimisation of the direct interventions for diarrhoea. Also, improvement of WASH strategy, promotion of nutrition, vaccination, provision of properly treated water, ORT (Oral Rehydration Therapy), mass education and collaboration among departments would be effective. Together we can overcome these barriers to improve the child mortality rate.
Evaluation of Motor System in Sci and Updates
Authors: BASHIR F
Published: September 2022

This prospective study serves to document clinical picture of 82-hospitalized spinally injured patients in order to highlight their main and basic management strategies via literature review to ensure their timely and precise therapy which serves to reduce mortality rate and complications at chronic stage of illness.
Mental health in arsenic-induced cancer: a study from middle Gangetic plain of Bihar, India
Authors: Kumar Shishu Kesh , Ghosh Ashok , Bharti Das Ambika
Published: September 2022

The health impact of groundwater arsenic contamination shall remain partially understood while its psychological aspects are not studied. So, this correlational survey research explored mental health as a function of perceived social support in arsenic-induced cancer (AIC), which is highly prevalent in the middle Gangetic plain. Mental health inventory and multidimensional scale of perceived social support were used to assess mental health (MH) and perceived social support (PSS) respectively in 77 AIC patients. Findings show significant impact of PSS on MH in the arsenic-affected regions. PSS from significant others have strong impact on overall MH. Perception of reality was predicted by PSS from family while global PSS predicted two dimensions of MH, i.e. positive self-evaluation and environmental mastery. This baseline study suggests that global PSS and that from family and significant others is important and has a strong impact on MH of this population. These findings would help early identification and/or psychological intervention (from non-government organizations, oncology social workers/researchers, and policy makers) to promote better health and well-being in this arsenic-affected population.
Análisis de la producción de café en la Huasteca potosina en el contexto nacional, 1989-2019
Authors: Martínez Torres Nelly Azalia
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la producción de café en el estado de San Luis Potosí en el contexto nacional de 1989 a 2019. Se trabajó con bases de datos de la producción de café en México y en la Huasteca potosina del Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera para correlacionar dicha producción con eventos ambientales, sociales y económicos en la región. Asimismo, se realizaron 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas a productores locales. Se concluye que los datos estadísticos hacen posible un acercamiento pertinente para el análisis de la producción de café en el territorio. No obstante, se propone una mirada multidimensional que considere el territorio como un conjunto de relaciones sociales, económicas, políticas y culturales.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of the use of Nanoparticles in the Treatment
of Oral Cancer Patients
Authors: Mohanty Neeta , Mohapatra Diksha , Rath Shakti
Published: September 2022

Aims:

To determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of the use of nanoparticles amongst health care professionals for treating oral cancer patients. Also, to understand the indications and contraindications of nanoparticles in treating oral cancer patients.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was executed amongst dental surgeons practising with undergraduate and post-graduate degrees. A Google questionnaire form was developed and distributed, and 102 authentic entries were short-listed. Data obtained from the study were recorded in Microsoft Excel 2007 version, and SPSS version 18.0 was used. Calculation of statistical analysis like mean and standard deviation and analysis between variations was done using student t-tests, and the association between variables was determined using Chi-square. A value was found significant when the p-value was less than 0.05.

Result:

Many practitioners have been using nanoparticles prepared by using nanobiotechnology for the last 2-4 years. 92.9% of participants are well conversant with nanoparticles in treating oral cancer patients, out of which 88% are willing to specify therapeutic medicaments prepared using nano-biotechnology for oral cancer patients. 94.9% of the dentists are accepting to the fact that nanomedicine can also be used in combination therapy for treating patients, and 98% stated that the use of nanotechnology for diagnosing as well as treating patients will not only be advantageous but will also be the new face of cancer management shortly.

Conclusion:

Lack of awareness, increased tobacco consumption, and late diagnosis are the prime concerns about increasing oral cancer cases and decreased prognosis. Nanoparticles having a small particulate size will be able to detect the changes on the surface and the cellular levels and inside the cells. Similarly, in the case of therapeutic use, nanoparticles are highly efficient in delivering drugs to the systemic circulation by reducing the drug’s immunogenicity by releasing the drug in an environmentally responsive dose, thus lowering the frequency of administration and systemic toxicity.
In vitro and in vivo anti-lung cancer activity of emodin: A RNA-seq transcriptome analysis
Authors: Maimaiti Aikebaier , Xingliang Liu , Shi Linsen
Published: September 2022

Emodin is a natural anthraquinone extract of Chinese medicinal herbs. Several studies demonstrated the antitumor activity of this extract, particularly for lung cancer. However, the mode of action of emodin remains obscure. In this study we evaluated in vitro and in vivo anti-lung cancer properties of emodin in human lung adenocarcinomas and the underlying molecular mechanism involved. Our results demonstrated emodin caused a significant inhibition of cell viability and induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells to a level that is relative to that of normal epithelial cells. Furthermore, RNA-seq transcriptome analysis revealed 65 common genes(>2-fold change) with a significant expression in A549, and H1650 cells under emodin treatment. In vitro qRT-PCR results confirmed that 4 genes (ATP6V0D2, C11orf96, TIPARP, and CDKN1A) were up-regulated, and 9 genes (TNFSF10, IFIT1, EGLN3, RCOR2, ARRB1, FLVCR2, BAIAP2-DT, FAM111B, and TGFB2) were down-regulated in A549 and H1650 adenocarcinoma cell lines. The in vivo experiment demonstrated emodin could significantly decrease tumor volume and tumor weight of mice compared with the control group. However, emodin treatment has no obvious effect on body weight of mice. Moreover, in vivo qRT-PCR results revealed that 3 genes (ATP6V0D2, C11orf96, and TIPARP) were up-regulated, and 6 genes (TNFSF10, IFIT1, EGLN3, BAIAP2-DT, FAM111B, and TGFB2) were down-regulated in tumor tissues compared with the control group. These findings suggested that emodin could help treat lung cancer and has a potential for further investigations as an anti-lung cancer drug.
WTAP Mediated the N6-methyladenosine Modification of PDK4 to
Regulate the Malignant Behaviors of Colorectal Cancer Cells In Vitro
and In Vivo
Authors: Dai Xiaoyu , Chen Ke , Xie Yangyang
Published: September 2022

Background:

The role of WT1-associated protein (WTAP) in mediating the
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) in
colorectal cancer (CRC) has been previously reported

Objective:

This research manages to unveil the function and mechanism of WTAP mediating
the m6A modification in CRC

Methods:

Expressions of PDK4 and WTAP in CRC were assessed by bioinformatics analysis
and verified by Western blot. After the transfection with short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs)
for WTAP (shWTAP) and PDK4 (shPDK4) to manipulate the expressions of PDK4 and
WTAP, the viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and levels of m6A, PDK4 and
WTAP in CRC cells were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation,
transwell, Western blot, or M6A-RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP)-qPCR assays. M6A
binding sites in PDK4 were additionally predicted through bioinformatics analysis, and the
interaction of PDK4 and WTAP was confirmed using an RNA pull-down assay. Tumor volume
and weight in the constructed xenograft-tumor mouse model were recorded.

Results:

PDK4 expression was low, yet WTAP and m6A expressions were high in CRC
cells. WTAP bound with the m6A binding sites in PDK4. PDK4 silencing facilitated the
viability, proliferation, migration and invasion, inhibited the expression of PDK4 in CRC
cells, and accelerated the growth of xenografts in vivo. However, the depletion of WTAP4
exerted the opposite effects and further offset the impact of PDK4 silencing.

Conclusion:

WTAP mediates the m6A modification of PDK4 to regulate the malignant
behaviors of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo.
The Selective NLRP3-Inflammasome Inhibitor CY-09 Ameliorates
Kidney Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting NLRP3-
inflammasome Activation
Authors: Yang Ming , Zhao Li
Published: September 2022

Background:

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications
of diabetes mellitus and the main cause of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Activation
of the NLRP3 inflammasome has been proven to play an important role in the development
of DN. Thus, specific and direct targets of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly
may have therapeutic potential. CY-09 is a new NLRP3 inflammasome specific inhibitor
that has been shown to protect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by inhibiting
the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, its role in kidney disease,
especially DN, has not been reported.

Methods:

In this study, we used HE staining to assess renal pathological damage in each
group, and RT-PCR, immunofluorescence and WB were performed to detect the expression
changes in inflammatory and fibrosis proteins. The apoptosis level was detected by
TUNEL staining.

Results:

Here, we showed increased inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and fibrosis
in db/db mice, while CY-09 exerted renoprotection by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome
activation. In vitro, CY-09 also inhibited NLRP3 and reduced caspase-1, IL-18, IL-1β and
apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion:

CY-09 effectively protects the kidney from hyperglycemia induced damage
by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and may be a promising therapeutic strategy to
prevent the progression of DKD.
Multi-targeted HDAC Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents: Current
Status and Future Prospective
Authors: Patel Vijay K. , Shirbhate Ekta , Tiwari Priya , Kore Rakesh , Veerasamy Ravichandran , Mishra Achal , Rajak Harish
Published: September 2022

Multi-targeted agents can interact with multiple targets sequentially, resulting
in synergistic and more effective therapies for several complicated disorders, including
cancer, even with relatively modest activity. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are
low molecular weight small compounds that increase the acetylation of histone and nonhistone
proteins, altering gene expression and thereby impacting angiogenesis, metastasis,
and apoptosis, among other processes. The HDAC inhibitors affect multiple cellular
pathways thus producing adverse issues, causing therapeutic resistance, and they have
poor pharmacokinetic properties. The designing of HDAC-based dual/multi-target inhibitor
is an important strategy to overcome adverse effects, drug resistance and increase the
effectiveness in controlling cancer. The selection of target combinations to design multitarget
HDAC inhibitor is generally accomplished on the basis of systematic highthroughput
screening (HTS), network pharmacology analysis methods. The identification
of the pharmacophore against individual targets is performed using rational or computation
methods. The identified pharmacophore can combine with merged, fused, or linked
with the cleavable or non-cleavable linker to retain the interaction with the original target
while being compatible with the other target. The objective of this review is to elucidate
the potential targets' design strategies, biological activity, and the recent development of
dual/multi-targeting HDAC inhibitors as potential anticancer agents. This review elucidates
the designing strategies of the potential target along with biological activity and the
recent development of dual/multi-targeting HDAC inhibitors as potential anticancer
agents. The development of HDAC-based dual/multi-target inhibitors is important for
overcoming side effects, drug resistance, and effective cancer control.
Innate Immune Response in Hypertension
Authors: De Sanctis Juan Bautista
Published: September 2022

Even though an association between inflammation and hypertension has been known for many years,
it has not been simple to ascertain the role of several physiological responses involved. The innate immune
response plays a critical role in these physiological responses. Innate immune cells can be activated directly by
shear stress, activate the inflammasome and produce numerous cytokines and soluble mediators essential in
hypertension. NFkB activation is mainly involved in the activation of innate immune cells. Shear stress also
stimulates the expression of DAMP and PAMP receptors, enhancing pathogen and danger signals and magnifying
inflammation. The adaptative immune response is activated with the increased antigen presentation resulting
from the insults mentioned. Chronic inflammation may lead to autoimmunity. Peripheral hypoxia, a consequence
of hypertension, activates hypoxia-inducing factors 1-α and 1-β (HIF-1α, HIF-1β), which modulate
innate immune cells and promote inflammation. HIF-1α is involved in the upregulation of oxygen and nitrogen
radical production proteins. HIF-1β down-regulates antioxidant enzymes. However, the critical evidence of the
role of innate immune cells in hypertension came from the results of clinical trials involving therapies blocking
inflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor expression. Several lines of research have been conducted on this
complex disease. Pro-tolerogenic innate immune cells, myeloid suppressor cells, and M2 macrophages may
play a crucial role in promoting or resolving inflammation, cardiovascular diseases and hypertension, and
should be studied in detail.
Advancements in COVID-19 Testing: An In-depth Overview
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Harilal Seetha , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G. , Pannipara Mehboobali , Mathew Githa Elizabeth , Mathew Bijo
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 rapidly evolved as a pandemic, killing and hospitalising millions of people,
and creating unprecedented hurdles for communities and health care systems worldwide. The rapidly
evolving pandemic prompted the head of the World Health Organisation to deliver a critical message:
"test, test, test." The response from the diagnostic industry and researchers worldwide was
overwhelming, resulting in more than a thousand commercial tests being available worldwide. Several
sampling approaches and diagnostic techniques have been employed from the early stages of the
pandemic, such as SARS-CoV-2 detection by targeting the viral RNA or protein indirectly via antibody
testing, biochemical estimation, and various imaging techniques, and many are still in the various
stages of development and yet to be marketed. Accurate testing techniques and appropriate sampling
are the need of the hour to manage, diagnose and treat the pandemic, especially in the current
crisis where SARS-CoV-2 undergoes constant mutation, evolving into various strains, which are
pretty challenging. The article discusses various testing techniques as well as screening methods for
detection, treatment, and management of COVID-19 transmissions, such as NAAT, PCR, isothermal
detection including RT-LAMP, RPA, NASBA, RCA, SDA, NEAR, and TMA, CRISPR strategy,
nanotechnology approach, metagenomic profiling, point of care tests, virus neutralization test,
ELISA, biomarker estimation, utilization of imaging techniques such as CT, ultrasonography, brain
MRI in COVID-19 complications, and other novel strategies including microarray methods, microfluidic
methods and artificial intelligence with an emphasis on advancements in the testing strategies
for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of COVID-19.
A Recent Appraisal of Small-Organic Molecules as Anti-Alzheimer’s Agents
Authors: Gupta Mohan , Kumar Avinash , Ojha Madhwi , Khan Shabana Kausar , Nain Sumitra
Published: September 2022

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible, progressive and very complex
brain disorder. There is still uncertainty about the etiology of AD; however, a few hallmarks like an
aggregation of tau proteins, amyloid-β plaques, oxidative stress, low level of choline in the brain etc.,
play significant roles.

Objective:

In the present work, we aim to evaluate the recent progress in the development of small
organic molecules containing heterocycles like thiazole, pyridines, dihydropyridines, piperidines, pyrrolidines,
pyrazoles, quinolines etc. as anti-Alzheimer’s agents.

Method:

Several databases, including SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Bentham Science, and PubMed,
were searched for relevant articles and reviewed for the present work.

Results:

Several research groups are actively working on these heterocycle-based compounds as potent
single-target inhibitors. Most of the analogues have been evaluated for their cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase
and butyrylcholinesterase) inhibition potential. Several studies have also reported the
inhibitory potential of the analogues against MAO-A, MAO-B, and BACE-1 enzymes. However, instead
of targeting one enzyme or protein, more than one heterocycle ring is being joined to develop
MTDLs (multi-target-directed ligands). Donepezil has become the focal point of anti-AD drug discovery
projects. Several research groups have reported various donepezil-based analogues by replacing/
modifying its various ring systems like indanone, piperidine or the methylene linker.

Conclusion:

Small molecules with nitrogen-containing heterocycles have become the core of drug
discovery efforts for AD. With the increasing prominence of the MTDL approach, several new ligands
are being discovered as potent anti-AD agents.
The Involvement of Kynurenine Pathway in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Martins Lais B. , Silveira Ana L.M. , Teixeira Antonio L.
Published: September 2022

Background:

A growing body of evidence has shown the involvement of the kynurenine
pathway (KP), the primary route of tryptophan (TRP) catabolism, in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric
disorders.

Objective:

The study aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the clinical evidence
on the KP involvement in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease
(PD), discussing therapeutic opportunities.

Methods:

We searched for studies investigating KP metabolites in human subjects with AD and/or PD.

Results:

Postmortem studies showed altered levels of KP metabolites in the brain of AD and PD patients
compared with controls. Cross-sectional studies have reported associations between peripheral
levels (serum or plasma) of KP metabolites and cognitive function in these patients, but the results are
not always concordant.

Conclusion:

Given the emerging evidence of the involvement of KP in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric/
neurodegenerative diseases and promising results from preclinical pharmacological studies,
a better understanding of the KP involvement in AD and PD is warranted. Future longitudinal
studies are needed to define the direction of the observed associations and specific therapeutic targets
within the KP.
Receptors for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE): Promising
Targets Aiming at the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Conditions
Authors: Koerich Suélyn , Parreira Gabriela Machado , de Almeida Douglas Lamounier , Vieira Rafael Pinto , de Oliveira Antônio Carlos Pinheiro
Published: September 2022

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are compounds formed after the non-enzymatic
addition of reducing sugars to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They are associated with the development
of various clinical complications observed in diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, such as retinopathy,
nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and others. In addition, compelling evidence indicates
that these molecules participate in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s
disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Multiple cellular and molecular alterations
triggered by AGEs that could alter homeostasis have been identified. One of the main targets for
AGE signaling is the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Importantly, this receptor
is the target of not only AGEs, but also amyloid β peptides, HMGB1 (high-mobility group box-1),
members of the S100 protein family, and glycosaminoglycans. The activation of this receptor induces
intracellular signaling cascades that are involved in pathological processes and cell death. Therefore,
RAGE represents a key target for pharmacological interventions in neurodegenerative diseases. This
review will discuss the various effects of AGEs and RAGE activation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative
diseases, as well as the currently available pharmacological tools and promising drug
candidates.
Molecular Docking: Principles, Advances, and Its Applications in Drug
Discovery
Authors: Muhammed Muhammed Tilahun , Aki-Yalcin Esin
Published: September 2022

Molecular docking is a structure-based computational method that generates the binding pose
and affinity between ligands and targets. There are many powerful docking programs. However, there is
no single program that is suitable for every system. Hence, an appropriate program is chosen based on
availability, need, and computer capacity. Molecular docking has clear steps that should be followed carefully
to get a good result.

:

Molecular docking has many applications at various stages in drug discovery. Although it has various
application areas, it is commonly applied in virtual screening and drug repurposing. As a result, it is playing
a substantial role in the endeavor to discover a potent drug against COVID-19. There are also approved
drugs in the pharmaceutical market that are developed through the use of molecular docking. As
the accessible data is increasing and the method is advancing with the contribution of the latest computational
developments, its use in drug discovery is also increasing.

:

Molecular docking has played a crucial role in making drug discovery faster, cheaper, and more effective.
More advances in docking algorithms, integration with other computational methods, and the introduction of
new approaches are expected. Thus, more applications that will make drug discovery easier are expected.
Recent Advances in Therapeutic Strategies against Hydatid Cysts using
Nanomaterials: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marzban Abdolrazagh , Cheraghipour Kourosh , Rouzbahani Arian Karimi , Fallahi Shirzad , Taherpour Farshad , Moradifard Farzaneh , Shakib Pegah , Lashgarian Hamed Esmaeil
Published: September 2022

Background:

Hydatidosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases affecting general
health due to the lack of effective treatment strategies. Hydatid cysts are commonly treated with benzimidazole
(BZ) derivatives. However, their management is fraught with complications.

Objective:

This systematic review discusses recent efforts toward developing benzimidazole-based antihydatid
nanodrugs.

Methods:

Data were retrieved using PRISMA guidelines from several databases, such as Scopus, Science
Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. Relevant articles published in
English and Persian were retrieved in December 2021. Keywords related to the search process (combined
or singular) included echinococcosis, hydatidosis, hydatid cysts, cystic echinococcosis, protoscolicidal
effect, albendazole (ALB), mebendazole (MBZ), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), in vitro and in vivo.

Results:

Twenty-three research articles were eligible for further analysis after considering the inclusion/
exclusion criteria. This study indicates that ALB is the most prevalent synthetic drug incorporated
into nanoparticles (n = 68.4%). Additionally, the study examined nanoparticles containing ALB sulfoxide
(n = 31.5%). A total of three studies (n = 25%) were conducted with SLNs and two (n = 16.6%) with lipid
nanocarriers (NLCs). BALB/c mice (58.3%) were used most frequently in vivo studies. Moreover, 50% of
the laboratory animals were treated orally, and 33% were treated intraperitoneally.

Conclusion:

As the main treatment option for hydatid, ALB has been studied more thoroughly than other
drugs when developing nano-based formulations. Nanomaterials like metal nanoparticles, nanopolymers,
SLNs, and nanocrystals are being investigated for antiparasitic drug development to enhance therapeutic
effectiveness and reduce side effects. The findings of this study lead to the hypothesis that nanoformulation
of antiparasitic drugs may open up new opportunities for developing and formulating effective antihypertensive
drugs.
Methods for Analysis of Fluorinated Quinolones in Mixtures with Nitroimidazole
Antibacterial Drugs
Authors: Peikova Lily , Balkanski Stefan , Georgieva Maya
Published: September 2022

Background:

Mixtures of Fluorinated Quinolones and Nitroimidazole antibacterial
drugs take a significant place in the treatment of different inflammatory diseases. The necessity to
develop analytical techniques for quality control is inextricably related to the introduction of new
mixed dose forms into clinical practice.

Objective:

The objective of our study is to develop HPLC methods for the analysis of Fluorinated
Quinolones in combinations with Nitroimidazole antibiotics.

Methods:

We developed and described an HPLC method for the quantitative determination of
model mixtures composed of Metronidazole and Ofloxacin, Tinidazole, and Ciprofloxacin. HPLC
method has been developed for the quantitative determination of Metronidazole and Ciprofloxacin
in model tablets. The methods have been validated according to the requirements of European
Pharmacopoeia 7.0 and the ICH criteria in terms of: selectivity, linearity, repeatability, accuracy,
limit of detection, and limit of quantification.

Results:

The tests are highly efficient liquid chromatographic with and without the use of highly
specialized consumables (chiral chromatographic column) and are characterized by excellent reproducibility,
accuracy, high sensitivity, and selectivity.

Conclusion:

The methods would be useful and applicable in routine analytical practice, as well as
for regulatory institutions in the control of newly registered generic products.
Small-molecule Modulators Targeting SHP2 for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Chen Yihua , Mi Dazhao , Li Yuzhan
Published: September 2022

Background:

SHP2 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase that is extensively involved in several signaling pathways related to cancer occurrence, and thus SHP2 has been proposed an attractive target for cancer treatment.

Methods:

After a brief introduction of SHP2, we provided a short overview of the structure, function and regulation mechanism of SHP2 in cancer occurrence. Then, this perspective focused on the current therapeutic strategies targeting SHP2, including SHP2 PTP inhibitors, SHP2 allosteric inhibitors and SHP2-targeting PROTACs, and discussed the benefits and defects of these strategies. Finally, the opportunities and challenges were presented.

Results:

SHP2 regulated RAS-ERK, PI3K-AKT, JAK-STAT and PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathways involved in pathogenesis of cancer via conformations conversion. Current therapeutic strategies targeting SHP2, especially SHP2 allosteric inhibitors, hold significant potency and have broad application prospects for cancer therapy.

Conclusion:

In summary, SHP2 is a promising therapeutic target and strategies targeting SHP2 offer an alternative program for cancer patients.
Digitally fabricated ribbed concrete floor slabs: a sustainable solution for construction
Authors: Mata-Falcón Jaime , Bischof Patrick , Huber Tobias , Anton Ana , Burger Joris , Ranaudo Francesco , Jipa Andrei , Gebhard Lukas , Reiter Lex , Lloret-Fritschi Ena , Van Mele Tom , Block Philippe , Gramazio Fabio , Kohler Matthias , Dillenburger Benjamin , Wangler Timothy , Kaufmann Walter
Published: September 2022

The concrete used in floor slabs accounts for large greenhouse gas emissions in building construction. Solid slabs, often used today, consume much more concrete than ribbed slabs built by pioneer structural engineers like Hennebique, Arcangeli and Nervi. The first part of this paper analyses the evolution of slab systems over the last century and their carbon footprint, highlighting that ribbed slabs have been abandoned mainly for the sake of construction time and cost efficiency. However, highly material-efficient two-way ribbed slabs are essential to reduce the environmental impact of construction. Hence, the second part of this paper discusses how digital fabrication can help to tackle this challenge and presents four concrete floor systems built with digitally fabricated formwork. The digital fabrication technologies employed to produce these slab systems are digital cutting, binder-jetting, polymer extrusion and 3D concrete printing. The presented applications showcase a reduction in concrete use of approximately 50% compared to solid slabs. However, the digitally fabricated complex formworks produced were wasteful and/or labour-intensive. Further developments are required to make the digital processes sustainable and competitive by streamlining the production, using low carbon concrete mixes as well as reusing and recycling the formwork or structurally activating stay-in-place formwork.
Developing augmented reality on differential system, competency system, and power transfer in vocational education
Authors: Dani Dandi Firman , Ramdani Sulaeman Deni , Supriyatna Deddy
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to know: 1.) Describe the development of augmented reality books in the differential system; and 2.) Analyze the feasibility level of the application on the augmented reality book differential system. This study uses research and development (RD) with the waterfall development design model, which includes four stages: analysis, design, coding or implementation, and testing. This study's sample was 11th-grade vocational high school students majoring in automotive light vehicle engineering. Application testing uses black-box testing by testing functionality without testing the internal structure or function of the application. The data collection used in this study included three media experts, three material experts, and 30 user responses (students) with data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis. The results of this study are (1) augmented reality books and applications on the android platform as learning media on the differential system, and (2) feasibility analysis by media expert validation with an average value of 80%, material experts with an average value of 84% and user responses with an average value of 90 % with a total value of 85% with the 'very eligible' category to be used as a learning medium in the differential system of chassis and power transfer competencies. Research products can be used as an attractive alternative learning media by utilizing digital technology that can display 3D objects in detail on the competence of the differential system.
Treatment Discontinuation Prediction in Patients With Diabetes Using a Ranking Model: Machine Learning Model Development
Authors: Kurasawa Hisashi , Waki Kayo , Chiba Akihiro , Seki Tomohisa , Hayashi Katsuyoshi , Fujino Akinori , Haga Tsuneyuki , Noguchi Takashi , Ohe Kazuhiko
Published: September 2022

Background

Treatment discontinuation (TD) is one of the major prognostic issues in diabetes care, and several models have been proposed to predict a missed appointment that may lead to TD in patients with diabetes by using binary classification models for the early detection of TD and for providing intervention support for patients. However, as binary classification models output the probability of a missed appointment occurring within a predetermined period, they are limited in their ability to estimate the magnitude of TD risk in patients with inconsistent intervals between appointments, making it difficult to prioritize patients for whom intervention support should be provided.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a machine-learned prediction model that can output a TD risk score defined by the length of time until TD and prioritize patients for intervention according to their TD risk.

Methods

This model included patients with diagnostic codes indicative of diabetes at the University of Tokyo Hospital between September 3, 2012, and May 17, 2014. The model was internally validated with patients from the same hospital from May 18, 2014, to January 29, 2016. The data used in this study included 7551 patients who visited the hospital after January 1, 2004, and had diagnostic codes indicative of diabetes. In particular, data that were recorded in the electronic medical records between September 3, 2012, and January 29, 2016, were used. The main outcome was the TD of a patient, which was defined as missing a scheduled clinical appointment and having no hospital visits within 3 times the average number of days between the visits of the patient and within 60 days. The TD risk score was calculated by using the parameters derived from the machine-learned ranking model. The prediction capacity was evaluated by using test data with the C-index for the performance of ranking patients, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and area under the precision-recall curve for discrimination, in addition to a calibration plot.

Results

The means (95% confidence limits) of the C-index, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and area under the precision-recall curve for the TD risk score were 0.749 (0.655, 0.823), 0.758 (0.649, 0.857), and 0.713 (0.554, 0.841), respectively. The observed and predicted probabilities were correlated with the calibration plots.

Conclusions

A TD risk score was developed for patients with diabetes by combining a machine-learned method with electronic medical records. The score calculation can be integrated into medical records to identify patients at high risk of TD, which would be useful in supporting diabetes care and preventing TD.
Emotions and Topics Expressed on Twitter During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom: Comparative Geolocation and Text Mining Analysis
Authors: Alhuzali Hassan , Zhang Tianlin , Ananiadou Sophia
Published: September 2022

Background

In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought great changes to public health, society, and the economy. Social media provide a platform for people to discuss health concerns, living conditions, and policies during the epidemic, allowing policymakers to use this content to analyze the public emotions and attitudes for decision-making.

Objective

The aim of this study was to use deep learning–based methods to understand public emotions on topics related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom through a comparative geolocation and text mining analysis on Twitter.

Methods

Over 500,000 tweets related to COVID-19 from 48 different cities in the United Kingdom were extracted, with the data covering the period of the last 2 years (from February 2020 to November 2021). We leveraged three advanced deep learning–based models for topic modeling to geospatially analyze the sentiment, emotion, and topics of tweets in the United Kingdom: SenticNet 6 for sentiment analysis, SpanEmo for emotion recognition, and combined topic modeling (CTM).

Results

We observed a significant change in the number of tweets as the epidemiological situation and vaccination situation shifted over the 2 years. There was a sharp increase in the number of tweets from January 2020 to February 2020 due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. Then, the number of tweets gradually declined as of February 2020. Moreover, with identification of the COVID-19 Omicron variant in the United Kingdom in November 2021, the number of tweets grew again. Our findings reveal people’s attitudes and emotions toward topics related to COVID-19. For sentiment, approximately 60% of tweets were positive, 20% were neutral, and 20% were negative. For emotion, people tended to express highly positive emotions in the beginning of 2020, while expressing highly negative emotions over time toward the end of 2021. The topics also changed during the pandemic.

Conclusions

Through large-scale text mining of Twitter, our study found meaningful differences in public emotions and topics regarding the COVID-19 pandemic among different UK cities. Furthermore, efficient location-based and time-based comparative analysis can be used to track people’s thoughts and feelings, and to understand their behaviors. Based on our analysis, positive attitudes were common during the pandemic; optimism and anticipation were the dominant emotions. With the outbreak and epidemiological change, the government developed control measures and vaccination policies, and the topics also shifted over time. Overall, the proportion and expressions of emojis, sentiments, emotions, and topics varied geographically and temporally. Therefore, our approach of exploring public emotions and topics on the pandemic from Twitter can potentially lead to informing how public policies are received in a particular geographical area.
Physiological and Psychological Effects of Parental Traditional Thai Massage on Children with Autism: A Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Ruan Hui , Eungpinichpong Wichai , Wu Hua , Aonsri Chanada
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Although many autistic children receive massage as a complementary therapy, it is not included in evidence-based practices for autism since evidence of its efficacy is lacking. Further, prior studies have failed to identify objective indicators of core symptoms or elucidate their mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE

We developed a parent-delivered traditional Thai massage (TTM) on children intervention with autism, aim is to experimentally determine whether children with autism truly experience positive effects from parent-delivered TTM with autism and determine the possible mechanisms of observed effects.

METHODS

A two-armed, parallel randomized controlled trial study will conduct between February 2022 and June 2022. Forty-eight children with autism (aged 7-12years old) will be recruit from the Hainan Special Education School, they will be randomly assigned to either a parental TTM or control group with a ratio of 1:1 by random numbers through Online Research Randomizer software. The sequences generated will then be concealed in an opaque envelope. Individuals in the parental TTM group will receive 16 parent-delivered TTM sessions over 8 weeks at school`s health room after school, the control group will maintain a normal daily routine. The outcome will be assessed on admission, after 8 weeks, and as well as at 2-month follow-up, including the effect of massage treatment on autism symptom by the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist score (evaluate by parents and blinding teacher), physiological parameter (heart rate variability and gait), and parenting stress index.

RESULTS

As of June 20th, we have finished all data collection. Data analysis will be started, and expected results to published in 2023.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will provide further evidence for massage treatment of autism and provide support for family-based care.

CLINICALTRIAL

The trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100051355 )
Older Chinese immigrants' preferences toward the appearance and functions of companion robots (Preprint)
Authors: Lo Yi-Hsuan , Yan Zhao Ivy , Ho Mu-Hsing , Montayre Jed , Chiu Ching-Ju
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

User-centered design is essential for promoting the acceptance and use of robots.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine the robot appearance and function preferences among older Chinese immigrants in New Zealand.

METHODS

The study was undertaken between March and May 2020, a total of 103 participants completed the online survey.

RESULTS

The average age was 62.16 (SD=9.42). Results suggest that 41.7% participants (n=43) desired adult human-like appearance, and 32% of them preferred animal-like appearance (n=33), and these participants reported higher scores in rigorousness and friendliness than other personalities. Participants’ most preferred six functions of robot were housework assistance (n=86, 83.5%), language translation (n=79, 76.7%), health monitor (n=78, 75.7%), facial expressions (n=77, 74.8%), news reading (n=66, 64.1%) and security monitor (n=65, 63.1%), which were significantly associated with marital status, financial status and length of immigration.

CONCLUSIONS

The obtained findings serve as a basis for the implementation of concrete design principles for reliable robotic technology services.
The Assessment of Spinal Pathology among Taif City Population Using MRI
Authors: Faizo MBBS, MSc, PhD Nahla L.
Published: September 2022

Background: Spinal disorders are common worldwide. Causes of spinal disorders include trauma, degenerative and congenital abnormalities. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of spinal disorders among Taif population using MRI.Methods: Medical files of 500 patients suffering from back pain who visited the medical, surgical and family medicine clinics were reviewed and 265 cases had spinal pathology based on MRI findings. Information about the spinal disorder for each case including the age, gender, signs and symptoms, differential diagnosis of the treating physician and MRI findings (main disorder, site of the spinal disorder, associated findings) were collected and analyzed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and statistical significance was considered when p value is less than 0.05.Results: Our findings revealed bulge and protrusion were the commonest spinal disordered observed in 88.7% of cases. Also, higher incident of spinal diseases was detected in the age groups 45-59 and 30-44 years old.Conclusion: Finding from this study may be used as database for spinal disorder at Taif region. MRI is useful tool to differentiate spinal disorders efficiently.
Applying Active Teaching Methods in Teaching for Students of Vietnamese studies in the Department of Linguistics and Literature of Ho Chi Minh City University of Education
Authors: Ngoc Nguyen Anh
Published: September 2022

The Vietnamese studies major at the Department of Linguistics and Literature, Ho Chi Minh City University of Educationis a Scientology. Thisologyprovides basic, systematic, modern, and practical knowledge about Vietnamese studies…. especially about Vietnam tourism. The training of Vietnamese studies always strives to achieve positive effects to meet the needs of learners and the demand for human resources in society. To achieve these, lecturers have applied active teaching methods in teaching. Visualization, project teaching, and experiential teaching... are typical active teaching methods applied in teaching students of Vietnamese studies at the Department of Linguistics and Literature, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education now. The application of these methods received positive feedback from both lecturers and students. Lecturers are always encouraged to apply active teaching methods in teaching to both improve training quality and increase students' interest and capacity