bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Strategy for Characterizing Inductive Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters
Authors: Martín Sánchez Pedro , Rodríguez Sánchez Fco. Javier , Santiso Gómez Enrique
Published: January 2020

Condition monitoring of high voltage power lines through self-powered sensor systems has become a priority for utilities with the aim of detecting potential problems, enhancing reliability of the power transmission and distribution networks and mitigating the adverse impact of faults. Energy harvesting from the magnetic field generated by the alternating current flowing through high voltage lines can supply the monitoring systems with the required power to operate without relying on hard-wiring or battery-based approaches. However, developing an energy harvester, which scavenges the power from such a limited source of energy, requires detailed design considerations, which may not result in a technically and economically optimal solution. This paper presents an innovative simulation-based strategy to characterize an inductive electromagnetic energy harvester and the power conditioning system. Performance requirements in terms of the harvested power and output voltage range, or level of magnetic core saturation can be imposed. Different harvester configurations, which satisfy the requirements, have been produced by the simulation models. The accuracy and efficiency of this approach is verified with an experimental setup based on an energy harvester, which consists of a Si-steel magnetic core and a power conditioning unit. For the worst-case scenario with a primary current of 5 A, the maximum power extracted by the harvester can be as close as 165 mW, resulting in a power density of 2.79 mW/cm3.
LoRaWAN for Smart City IoT Deployments: A Long Term Evaluation
Authors: Basford Philip J. , Bulot Florentin M. J. , Apetroaie-Cristea Mihaela , Cox Simon J. , Ossont Steven J.
Published: January 2020

LoRaWAN is a Low-Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology designed for Internet of Things (IoT) deployments; this paper presents experiences from deploying a city-scale LoRaWAN network across Southampton, UK. This network was deployed to support an installation of air quality monitors and to explore the capabilities of LoRaWAN. This deployment uses a mixture of commercial off-the-shelf gateways and custom gateways. These gateway locations were chosen based on network access, site permission and accessibility, and are not necessarily the best locations theoretically. Over 135,000 messages have been transmitted by the twenty devices analysed. Over the course of the complete deployment, 72.4 % of the messages were successfully received by the data server. Of the messages that were received, 99% were received within 10 s of transmission. We conclude that LoRaWAN is an applicable communication technology for city-scale air quality monitoring and other smart city applications.
A University Training Programme for Acquiring Entrepreneurial and Transversal Employability Skills, a Students’ Assessment
Authors: Laguna-Sánchez Pilar , Abad Pilar , de la Fuente-Cabrero Concepción , Calero Rocío
Published: January 2020

The objective of this paper is to analyze university graduate students’ assessments of the attainment of skills acquired in a Training Programme (TP) to develop entrepreneurial skills and transversal employability competencies. Both are vital for the success of today’s societies and play an important role in the sustainable development agenda. The TP was a 12-week programme with six modules combining entrepreneurship training and traditional teaching methods. There were nine editions and 148 students worked in teams preparing business plans to present to consultants and potential investors. First, the nominal group technique was used to identify which competencies can be acquired through TP. Second, a survey was designed to identify the level to which the competences were attained. The results suggest that the students attained two types of skills, acquiring a higher level of proficiency in entrepreneurial skills and those transversal competencies. Additionally, different levels of attainment of entrepreneurial skills were found in different groups of students. We provide new evidence that TPs, as compulsory subjects in the core curriculum of degree programmes, will help accomplish both objectives: the acquisition of entrepreneurial skills and generic university educational competencies. The overall outcome of this research highlights the value added by the TPs.
From School to Work: Improving Graduates’ Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy
Authors: Xin Lu , Tang Fangcheng , Li Mengyi , Zhou Wenxia
Published: January 2020

As boundaryless careers become mainstream, individuals need to enhance career decision-making self-efficacy (CDSE) during career transitions to secure better employment outcomes and sustainable career development, especially when moving from a school to a work environment. Drawing on social cognitive career theory, this study empirically proposed a moderated mediation model to examine whether proactive personality (measured at Time 1), career success criteria clarity (CSCC, measured at Time 2), and family socioeconomic status (including family income, parents’ educational level, and parents’ occupational level; measured at Time 1) would contribute to CDSE (measured at Time 2). Results based on a two-wave survey of 235 college students showed that: (1) proactive personality positively predicted CDSE; (2) CSCC positively predicted CDSE; (3) CSCC partly mediated the relation between proactive personality and CDSE; (4) the positive effect of CSCC on CDSE was stronger among students with a lower family socioeconomic status. Individuals with strong proactive personalities were more likely to develop salience in career success criteria and in turn became more confident in making career decisions. Therefore, vocational educators in higher education could help to improve students’ CDSE by promoting training programs for proactive thinking, providing successful role models, and encouraging family involvement, especially for students with a lower family socioeconomic status.
More Cycling, Less Driving? Findings of a Cycle Street Intervention Study in the Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region, Germany
Authors: Blitz Andreas , Busch-Geertsema Annika , Lanzendorf Martin
Published: January 2020

In order to encourage a shift from the car to the more sustainable transport mode of cycling, cycle streets have been implemented in cities all over the world in the last few years. In these shared streets, the entire carriageway is designated for cyclists, while motorized traffic is subordinated. However, evidence on the impact of cycle street interventions related to travel behavior change has been limited until now. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether cycle streets are an effective measure to facilitate bicycle use and discourage car use, thus contributing to the aim of promoting sustainable travel. For this purpose, we conducted a written household survey in the German city of Offenbach am Main involving participants affected by a cycle street intervention (n = 701). Based on two stage models of self-regulated behavioral change (SSBC), we identified the participants’ level of willingness to use a bicycle frequently and to reduce car use. By means of bivariate and multivariate statistical methods, we analyzed the influence of awareness, use, and perceptions of the cycle street on the willingness to change behavior towards more sustainable travel. The results show that the intervention has a positive impact on frequent bicycle use, while we observed only a limited effect on car use reduction. Traffic conflicts and car speeding within the cycle street adversely affect the acceptance of the intervention. The study’s findings provide new insights into the actual effects of a cycle street and its potential to encourage sustainable travel behavior.
Research on the Evaluation of Green Innovation Capability of Manufacturing Enterprises in Innovation Network
Authors: Xu Jianzhong , Zhai Jiaqi
Published: January 2020

The aims of this paper are to objectively evaluate the green innovation ability of manufacturing enterprises in an innovation network and to consider the mutual influence relationship and information randomness of each evaluation index. To do so, 14 indicators were chosen to capture the innovation environment, input, and output, and to construct an evaluation index system. The cloud model method is used to express the evaluation information to assign a quantitative value to qualitative information, and this method is combined with the entropy method to determine the initial weight of the indices. Then, the cloud model and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method are combined to determine the final comprehensive weight of the indices, and the similarity between each value and ideal value is determined by the cloud distance measurement method and the grey correlation analysis method. Finally, the effectiveness and stability of this method and an accurate numerical method are verified in an empirical analysis that evaluates the green innovation ability of different enterprises. The results demonstrate the superiority of the evaluation system proposed in this paper, which can provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the green innovation ability of enterprises.
How Does the Development of the Social Enterprise Sector Affect Entrepreneurial Behavior? An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Fernández-Laviada Ana , López-Gutiérrez Carlos , Pérez Andrea
Published: January 2020

Research on social entrepreneurship (SE) has increased exponentially during the past decade. Even though this social phenomenon has aroused the interest of researchers, many aspects have not yet been fully studied. In this study, the goal is to analyze how the factors that define the behavior of social entrepreneurs are affected by the perception that they have about the development of the social enterprise sector (SES development). We perform an empirical multivariable analysis using 2015 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data related to SE, with an international sample that contains information of 17,778 entrepreneurs, of which 6470 are social entrepreneurs. The empirical analysis is carried out applying binary response models, introducing interaction terms to analyze the moderating effect of SES development. Our results show that the entrepreneurs’ perception of the SES development exerts a moderating effect over three different groups of factors: 1) factors related to self-perception about entrepreneurship (including values, perceptions, and entrepreneurial skills); 2) demographic factors (gender, age, and education level), and 3) context and entrepreneurial environment (including factors related to entrepreneurs’ perception of societal values, entrepreneurship environment, and economic development). This moderating effect has very important implications, especially for policymakers. Our results show that SES development could amplify some effects, both positively and negatively. Therefore, the design and implementation of policies to support SE must consider the moderating role of this variable on the entrepreneurial behavior, because it could affect the effectiveness of such policies.
The Temporal and Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Three Industry Convergence Development in Deeply Impoverished Areas in China
Authors: Zhang Na , Zhang Xiangxiang , Li Peng
Published: January 2020

The integrated development of the three industries is the focal point and breakthrough point for the realization of industrial poverty alleviation in the deeply impoverished areas. This paper, taking 169 poverty-stricken counties in deeply impoverished areas as the research object, calculated the level of three industrial integration development in deeply impoverished areas from 2013 to 2016. Based on this, the spatial statistical analysis method was used to explore the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of the three industrial integration development levels in deeply impoverished areas. The results show that the level of integrated development of the three industries in the deeply impoverished areas of China is generally low, and there is great room for improvement. There are significant spatial correlation and spatial heterogeneity, and the phenomenon of bipolar agglomeration is more and more obvious. This study can provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for the formulation and implementation of poverty alleviation policies in deeply impoverished areas.
Model for Estimating Urban Mobility Based on the Records of User Activities in Public Mobile Networks
Authors: Vidović Krešimir , Šoštarić Marko , Mandžuka Sadko , Kos Goran
Published: January 2020

Urban mobility of a population is usually estimated within procedures that focus on specific domains, using limited datasets, indicators, and indices related to the targeted subsets of the urban population. This paper proposes a new approach to urban mobility estimation, based on the telecommunication activities within the public mobile telecommunication networks. The urban mobility indicators in this research are generated from a database of mobile phone users call data records and are integrated into the urban mobility index of the population based on the model defined through the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The following has been considered in the process: an initial fuzzy inference system, model learning, model quality control, limitations, errors, and deficiencies. The model is practically applied in the programming environment, on a set of real word data. The research results prove the following hypothesis set in this paper: the urban mobility of inhabitants in a specific timeframe, can be described with an urban mobility index based on the data on the recorded telecommunication activities of the public mobile communication network users.
Factors Affecting Public Willingness to Adopt Renewable Energy Technologies: An Exploratory Analysis
Authors: Makki Anas A. , Mosly Ibrahim
Published: January 2020

Renewable energy has become an important element of today’s modern technology targeting high-efficiency energy production. As part of its 2030 Vision, Saudi Arabia is aiming to increase its energy production through renewable sources. The purpose of this research study is to explore the factors affecting public willingness to adopt renewable energy technologies in the western region of Saudi Arabia. This was achieved through an extensive literature review of previous studies conducted worldwide and resulted in the extraction of 19 factors that affect public willingness to adopt renewable energy technologies. Following a quantitative research design, random cross-sectional data of 416 participants using the extracted factors were collected via an online questionnaire survey. Following a dimension reduction statistical approach, key components were extracted with exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis. Five main components clustering the 19 extracted factors were revealed: cost and government regulations and policies, public awareness and local market, environment and public infrastructure, residential building, and renewable energy technology systems. The implications of this research study assist in guiding governments, regulations and policy makers, marketing agencies, and investors to better understand the concerns and enablers of renewable energy technologies adoption from the public perspective.
Alleviation of Salinity-Induced Oxidative Stress, Improvement in Growth, Physiology and Mineral Nutrition of Canola (Brassica napus L.) through Calcium-Fortified Composted Animal Manure
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Sajid Haroon , Mustafa Adnan , Niamat Bushra , Ahmad Zulfiqar , Yaseen Muhammad , Kamran Muhammad , Rafique Munazza , Ahmar Sunny , Chen Jen-Tsung
Published: January 2020

Salinity stress is one of the serious restrictive issues for optimum crop production in arid to semi-arid areas. Application of organic amendments have shown positive effects on crop growth and yield under such scenario. The present study was conducted to estimate the potential of calcium-fortified composted animal manure (Ca-FCM) to enhance growth and yield of canola under saline soil conditions. Salt affected soils with various electrical conductivity (EC) levels (original 1.5, 5, and 10 dS m−1) were developed via spiking the soil with sodium chloride (NaCl) salt. The results reveal that soil salinity reduced the growth, physiological, yield, and nutritional parameters of canola. However, application of 3% calcium-fortified composted manure significantly enhanced the growth and yield parameters at all EC levels as compared to control. Plant physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate, relative chlorophyll contents (SPAD value), and relative water content were also increased with the application of 3% Ca-FCM at all EC levels in comparison to control. Application of 3% Ca-FCM also mediated the antioxidant enzymes activities at all EC levels in comparison to control. Moreover, application of 3% Ca-FCM caused maximum increase in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium concentrations in shoot at all EC levels. Conversely, application of 3% Ca-FCM showed maximum decrease in Na+/K+ ratio in leaf up to 83.33%, 77.78%, and 71.43% at EC levels 1.5, 5, and 10 dS m−1, respectively, as compared to control. It was concluded that application of calcium-fortified composted animal manure (Ca-FCM) could be an efficient method for improving growth, yield, physiological, and nutritional parameters of canola through mediation of antioxidant defense machinery under saline soil conditions.
A Practical Index to Estimate Mangrove Conservation Status: The Forests from La Paz Bay, Mexico as a Case Study
Authors: Ávila-Flores Giovanni , Juárez-Mancilla Judith , Hinojosa-Arango Gustavo , Cruz-Chávez Plácido , López-Vivas Juan Manuel , Arizpe-Covarrubias Oscar
Published: January 2020

Mangrove cover has declined significantly in recent years in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. Under this scenario, it is necessary to elaborate and implement tools that allow us to make estimations on their conservation status and improve their protection and support decision-making. This study developed an index using qualitative and quantitative data. The criterions used in the index were: (1) Remnant Vegetation Index, (2) Delphi Method Survey, and (3) Rapid Assessment Questionnaire. In turn, the weights of the criterions were defined using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Once the values of each criterion were obtained, the index was applied to 17 mangrove communities located in La Paz Bay, Mexico. Finally, according to their score, they were classified based on the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems. The results show that five communities were ranked in the category Minor Concern, eight in Little Threatened, one in Vulnerable, one in Endangered, and two were classified as Deficiency of Data. These results are slightly different from other studies in the region and validate this index as a proper method. Therefore, it could be applied to other sites, especially in areas with little information and/or scarce monetary resources.
The Whole-Institution Approach at the University of Tübingen: Sustainable Development Set in Practice
Authors: Schopp Kerstin , Bornemann Matthias , Potthast Thomas
Published: January 2020

In the following paper, we scrutinize understandings and values behind Sustainable Development (SD) in a case study of the University of Tübingen, Germany. In so doing, we adopt the perspective of the whole-institution approach of SD. We do not only analyze documents, but combine our investigations with empirical research on key actors’ understandings and values of SD, as well as the competencies and the knowledge to set SD in practice. First, we demonstrate that actors’ understandings and the values behind them at the University of Tübingen are in accord with the United Nations’ understanding of SD (‘Brundtland Report’). Second, we show that at the University of Tübingen, many actors already work in line with the whole-institution approach; this shall be further fostered and strengthened by the Competence Centre for SD. Finally, we demonstrate that both knowledge and competencies are fundamental to act for SD. It is suggested that the University of Tübingen should explicitly adopt the general understanding of SD in the above-mentioned sense, and develop a sustainability strategy, not least in order to support the actors to acquire specific knowledge to reach SD for the whole university. Finally, we discuss the potential and limits of transferring the findings to other Higher Education Institutions (HEI) and the challenges of necessary global perspectives.
Connections Between Wind Energy, Poverty and Social Sustainability in Brazil’s Semiarid
Authors: Galvão Maria Luiza de Medeiros , dos Santos Marco Aurélio , da Silva Neilton Fidelis , da Silva Valdenildo Pedro
Published: January 2020

In Brazil, the technical-scientific and informational knowledge records abundance of winds of high commercial viability and its use has usually occurred in spaces socially characterized by poverty. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the Mato Grande territory concentrates 3758 MW of installed capacity in 114 wind farms. In opposition to this economic and technological development, 5191 families settled in 73 rural settlements live in poverty, living with restrictions on land use and exploitation caused by water stress and without enjoying the benefits of energy activity. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand the connections between the implementation of wind farms as sustainability promoters and the permanence of poverty levels. To this end, a literature review, secondary data systematization and field visits to two wind farms and two rural settlements were conducted, where interviews were conducted with their representatives. The results show that wind energy does not positively impact the researched region that has a history of backwardness and poverty. They also indicate that the wind projects implemented in the study area have disregarded the yearning for the development of the surrounding communities, since after a decade, they did not promote inflections on the family welfare curve. The research innovates in addressing the relationship between poverty and energy, thus, surpassing the frontier of the discussion “Energy Poverty”, since access to electricity is already universal in Brazil.
Spatial Heterogeneity of the Impact Factors on Gray Water Footprint Intensity in China
Authors: Zhang Lingling , Zhang Rui , Wang Zongzhi , Yang Fan
Published: January 2020

The gray water footprint intensity represents the amount of freshwater resources that need dilution of pollutants per unit of economic output, which indicates the relationship among water pollution, water resources and economy. In this paper, the gray water footprint of 31 provinces (autonomous regions) in China was estimated based on different water bodies. The spatial pattern and spatial agglomeration characteristics of gray water footprint in China from 2000 to 2014 were explored from the perspective of spatial autocorrelation. By extending the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model, the impact of the total population, urbanization rate, per capita output value, the proportion of the tertiary industry, environmental pollution control intensity and R&D investment intensity on the degree of gray water footprint intensity are explored, with ridge regression analysis to solve the problem of collinearity affecting factors. Meanwhile, the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model is used to detect the spatial heterogeneity and spatio-temporal variation characteristics of the factors influencing gray water footprint intensity among regions. The study found that from 2000 to 2014, the gray water footprint of 31 provinces and cities in China was unstable; the domestic gray water footprint accounted for the largest proportion; the agricultural gray water footprint was mainly derived from nitrogen fertilizer, and the industrial and domestic gray water footprint was mainly derived from ammonia nitrogen. Water pollution varies from east to west. The total intensity of gray water footprint shows a downward trend, which is related to economic development and improvement of technological level. There is a positive correlation between the urbanization rate and the intensity of the gray water footprint. The total population, the per capita output value, the proportion of the tertiary industry, the intensity of environmental pollution control, the intensity of R&D input and the intensity of the gray water footprint are negatively correlated, and the influencing factors boast obvious spatial heterogeneity. The purpose is to reveal the key factors influencing gray water footprint intensity to ensure the sustainable development of economy, resources and environment through the formulation of regional differences in regulation and control policies.
International Strategy for Sustainable Growth in Multinational Pharmaceutical Companies
Authors: Teramae Fumio , Makino Tomohiro , Lim Yeongjoo , Sengoku Shintaro , Kodama Kota
Published: January 2020

Although it is generally agreed that the pharmaceutical industry is in a state of rapid internationalization, there is no clear comprehensive explanation of the current state and effectiveness of an international strategy. There are many studies about internationalization but they neither focus on the pharmaceutical industry nor evaluate the effectiveness of an international strategy with a control. Therefore, we investigate the current state of internationalization with a sample of the 30 multinational pharmaceutical companies, as well as the effectiveness of an international strategy by comparing two international strategies. In this study, we define an international strategy as a strategy that controls the geographic distribution of sales across regions to maximize total sales. The results show that 33% of the companies are still home-region-oriented, and we did not find any evidence of the effectiveness of an international strategy that pursues a balanced geographic distribution across regions in terms of total sales and adjusted total sales. The results provide the practical implication that pharmaceutical companies should weigh up the specific markets to secure higher sales through the advantage of adapting to customers’ needs. This paper contributes to the research on sustainable growth by empirically providing results of comparisons of different international strategies in the pharmaceutical industry.
“Depression from Overestimation”: Income, Perception Bias and Children’s Mental Health in China’s Rural Households
Authors: Dang Jingqi , Cheng Mingda , Ye Chunhui
Published: January 2020

The mental health of rural children is closely related to their household characteristics, with household income level as one of the important influencing factors. In general, improvement in household income level is deemed to play an important role in promoting children’s mental health. However, the impact and mechanism of household income status perception bias on children’s mental health due to changes in the structure of household expenditure are under studied. On the basis of the perspective of household income status perception bias, we constructed a representative behavior household model of income status perception bias and a three-wave panel. We adopted the data from Chinese household tracking surveys in 2012, 2014, and 2016 to empirically analyze the mechanism and channel of household income status perception bias on children’s mental health. Results reveal that: (1) A significant negative correlation exists between household income level and income status perception bias, and poor households are likely to have income status perception bias. (2) A significant positive correlation exists between income status perception bias of poor households and their gift-giving expenditure, whereas a negative correlation exists between income status perception bias and expenditure for children’s education. The more the poor households overestimate their income status, the more inclined they are to increase their gift spending and reduce expenditure for children’s education, thereby changing the structure of family expenditure. (3) A significant negative correlation exists between poor household income status perception bias and the mental health status of their children, whereas a positive correlation exists between household expenditure for children’s education and children’s mental health status. That is, the more that poor households overestimate their relative income status, the greater the mental pressure on children. Finally, the reduction of expenditure on children’s education by rural households is an effective channel through which income status perception bias among poor households affects children’s mental pressure.
Toponymy, Pioneership, and the Politics of Ethnic Hierarchies in the Spatial Organization of British Colonial Nairobi
Authors: Wanjiru-Mwita Melissa , Giraut Frédéric
Published: January 2020

Toponyms, along with other urban symbols, were used as a tool of control over space in many African countries during the colonial period. This strategy was epitomized by the British, who applied it in Nairobi and other parts of Kenya from the late 1800s. This paper shows that toponymy in colonial Nairobi was an imposition of British political references, urban nomenclature, as well as the replication of a British spatial idyll on the urban landscape of Nairobi. In early colonial Nairobi, the population was mainly composed of three main groups: British, Asians, and Africans. Although the Africans formed the bulk of the population, they were the least represented, socially, economically and politically. Ironically, he British, who were the least in population held the political and economic power, and they applied it vigorously in shaping the identity of the city. The Asians were neither as powerful as the British, nor were they considered to be at the low level of the native Africans. This was the deliberate hierarchical structure that was instituted by the colonial government, where the level of urban citizenship depended on ethnic affiliation. Consequently, this structure was reflected in the toponymy and spatial organization of the newly founded city with little consideration to its pre-colonial status. Streets, buildings and other spaces such as parks were predominantly named after the British monarchy, colonial administrators, settler farmers, and businessmen, as well as prominent Asian personalities. In this paper, historical references such as maps, letter correspondences, monographs, and newspaper archives have been used as evidence to prove that toponyms in colonial Nairobi were the spatial signifiers that reflected the political, ideological and ethnic hierarchies and inequalities of the time.
THE IDEOLOGIZATION OF CULTURE AS THE BASIS OF ITS DEFORMATION IN TOTALITARIAN SOCIETIES
Authors: Mahera Serhii
Published: January 2020

In a strategic dimension, the task of the Soviet government was to reduce the influence of national culture and replace it with ideological postulates, which ensured the consolidation of peoples, but the illusionary consolidation, which was fundamentally false. The blurring of the national foundations of the life of ethnic groups became the basis for the destruction of culture, and then the destruction of man, people, nation. One of the effective tools of such a policy of the Soviet government during the entire period of the existence of a totalitarian state was the deprivation of national cultures and educational institutions of the opportunity to develop on the basis of national-linguistic ground, which is a phenomenological and semantic source for the development of any culture.
OUTLOOK FUNDAMENTALS OF THE TERM “SPIRITUALITY” INTERPRETATION BY THE UKRAINIAN EDUCATORS (THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY)
Authors: Tsybulko Olga
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the ideological principles of interpretation of the term “spirituality” by Ukrainian educators of the second half of the nineteenth century. Particular attention is paid to the fundamental concepts of “spirituality” in pedagogy. The article reveals the peculiarities of the national definition of the term “spirituality”.
DETERMINANTES DE LA INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA DIRECTA PARA COLOMBIA EN EL PERIODO COMPRENDIDO ENTRE 2000-2018
Authors: Piedrahita Ramírez Jessica María , Nieto Quintero Laura Tatiana
Published: January 2020

Dada la importancia que viene adquiriendo la inversión extranjera directa en los países, esta investigación se planteo como objetivo encontrar los factores determinantes de la Inversión Extranjera Directa que ingresa a Colombia en el periodo comprendido entre el 2000-2018, a través del análisis econométrico de series temporales en el software de libre distribución Gretl, cuyos resultados arrojaron que a pesar de que la tasa de desempleo y la tasa de interés son los factores que más influyen en la atracción de este tipo de inversión al país, son las dinámicas internacionales las que contribuyen a que las empresas trasnacionales se ubiquen en Colombia y no hay una capacidad real de atracción de los mismos, por lo cual se requiere un cambio de estructura económica.
MÉTODOS COMPUTACIONALES PARA LA DELAMINACIÓN DE GRAFITO UTILIZANDO SURFACTANTES ANIONICOS PARA PRODUCIR GRAFENO
Authors: Ahmadin Hashem , Zare Karim , Monajjemi Majid , Shamel Ali
Published: January 2020

Today, using thermal and chemical reduction and solubility, graphene oxide is produced in large scale. Since there are various methods for producing graphene, each of which allocates properties to the produced graphene, the purpose of this research is to investigate graphite delamination using anionic surfactants and produce graphene by means of computational methods. The research method was applied in order to perform molecular dynamics analysis, first, (the minimum) force that each atom imposes to other atoms was calculated. This is the total gradient of the system’s energy according to the coordinates of the related atom. A Bayesian method was used for dynamic modeling, which, on average, uses dynamic parameters instead of their estimates. The Gaussian Process Dynamic Model (GPDM) was completely defined by a set of low-level data representations and was observed by both dynamics and modeling of GP regression (Gaussian process regression). Then, using the Gaussian software, along with empirical results or just using this software, the molecular state and reactions and their mechanisms were simulated. The results indicated that the presence of benzene, ether and carbo xyl groups in the optimal structure facilitates the entry of surfactants into the sheets and that the agent to start the separation of the graphene sheets adhered to each other by comparing the results of this study between the two surfactants, it was found that the gap to change by separation layers between the graphene plates is different for two surfactants. Besides, the difference in the polarity of the surfactants resulted in the final polarization of the surfactant and graphene system. Therefore, the difference in the polarity causes the difference in the solubility.
دور الدولة في حل معوقات التنمية الزراعية في العراق بعد عام 2003
Authors: علي محمد صالح حمد
Published: January 2020

تحتل التنمية الزراعية في معظم بلدان العالم مكانة مهمة ومتميزة لما لها من دور مهم في الحياة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية .ففي البلدان المتقدمة كان هناك دعم كبير  مالي وفني وعلمي وتكنولوجي من قبل الحكومات الى القطاع الزراعي على الرغم من الامكانيات المالية والفنية والادارية والتكنولوجية التي يمتلكها القطاع الخاص الزراعي.لذا فمن الضروري قيام الحكومات في البلدان الناميه بشكل عام والعراق بشكل خاص بتقديم كل اشكال الدعم لتنمية القطاع الزراعي وحل اشكالية التنمية وذلك لعظمة مشاكل التنمية الزراعية من جهة وضعف الامكانيات المالية والفنية والادارية والتكنولوجية والمعلوماتية للقطاع الزراعي الخاص .
دور محاسبة التكاليف في إبلاغ الإدارة بتكاليف الجودة
Authors: الخلف نضال محمد رضا
Published: January 2020

نتيجة للتطورات التقنية في مجال المعرفة المعلوماتية والتغيرات التكنولوجية والإنتاجية والمنافسة الشديدة بين المنشآت في عصر العولمة ، ازداد اهتمام وتركيز المنشآت على مفهوم إدارة الجودة الشاملة وأصبحت تكاليف الجودة تمثل نسبة جوهرية من تكاليف الإنتاج ، الأمر الذي تطلب توفير معلومات عن تلك التكاليف ، مما أبرز الحاجة الى ضرورة توفير نظم المعلومات المحاسبية لتقرير عن هذه التكاليف . وقد استخدم الأسلوب الوصفي التحليلي للإجابة على تساؤلات البحث . وأهم ما خلصت اليه الدراسة هو ضرورة توفير نظم المعلومات المحاسبية لتقرير تكاليف الجودة وجعله أحد مخرجاته الهامة ، وذلك لأهميته في المساعدة على تحسين استمرارية الإدارة في الرقابة وبيان ارتفاع تكاليف الفشل الداخلي والخارجي في حالة وجودها ، مما يجلب انتباه الإدارة لها والعمل على تخفيضها من أجل تحسين جودة المنتجات والحصول على رضا المستهلك وبالتالي زيادة المبيعات والقدرة على المنافسة . لذا ينبغي إيلاء برامج تحسين الجودة اهتماماً كبيراً لدورها في تحقيق وفورات هامة وإيرادات مرتفعة ، وقيام نظم المعلومات المحاسبية بتوفير تقرير تكاليف الجودة ضمن مجموعة مخرجاته من التقارير المالية ، وأن يتم تصميمه على أساس الأنشطة المرتبطة بالجودة .
الطبيــعة القانونيــة للغرامــة الضريبيــة
Authors: خضر صبا فاروق
Published: January 2020

لا يخفى على احد الاهمية الخاصة والمكانة المهمة التي تحتلها الضرائب في الوقت الحاضر،ليس بأعتبارها موردا مهما من الموارد المالية للدولة فحسب وانما بأعتبارها اداة رئيسية في السياسة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية ايضا.

ولهذه الاهمية المشار اليها انفا نجد المشرع الضريبي يولي دين الضريبة رعاية خاصة ،لذا فرض مجموعة من الجزاءات المتنوعة على كل من يخالف احكام القوانين الضريبية وذلك بهدف ضمان دين الضريبة وتحصيله تحصيلا كاملا وتعويض الخزانة عن الاضرار التي تلحقها بسبب عدم الوفاء بالضرائب في المواعيد المحددة.

ان هذه الجزاءات المقدرة لرعاية دين الضريبة تختلف عن القواعد المعمول بها في نطاق القانون الخاص والتي تقرر ان المدين يلتزم في ماله لافي شخصه وجزاء الاخلال بالاتزام تعويض لا عقوبة لان هذه الالتزامات تدخل في نطاق القانون الخاص ولا تهدف الاّ الى تحقيق مصالح خاصة.

اما الالتزام بدين الضريبة فهو فضلا عن كونه احد التزامات القانون العام فهو التزام ذو طابع خاص يستند الى حق الدولة في فرض الضرائب وتحصيلها على اعتبار انها صاحبة السلطة العامة لتغطية نفقات الوظائف التي يجب عليها القيام بها،الامر الذي حدا بالمشرع الضريبي الى الالتجاء الى جزاءات خاصة لرعاية دين الضريبة.
مصفوفة CAMELS في تقويـم اداء المصـارف
Authors: عبد الرضا صبا عبد الهادي , البصري عبدالرضا شفيق
Published: January 2020

نتيجة لتزايد القلق إزاء استقرار القطاع المالي عموماً والقطاع المصرفي على وجه الخصوص ، سعت منظمات دولية متخصصة عديدة إلى توافر قواعد ارشادية (مرجعية) Benchmark  يمكن الاهتداء بها في تقييم فعالية أنظمة المراقبة المصرفية بعد الإدراك على نطاق واسع أن نقاط الضعف في الأنظمة المصرفية كانت إحدى المسببات الرئيسة للازمات المالية في بلدان عدة خلال العقد الأخير . ونتيجة للعولمة فالأزمات المصرفية التي تحدث في وقتنا هذا تؤثر بطريقة أو أخرى وبدرجات متفاوتة على الاقتصاديات المتقدمة والناشئة أيضا ، ومع تطبيق القواعد الارشادية والمبادئ الأساسية تبدأ بتقييم الالتزام ، فأن التقييم هو وسيلة لتحقيق غاية محددة وليس هدفاً نهائياً بحد ذاته . وتعد عملية تقييم الأداء المصرفي محور اهتمام بحثنا هذا ذات أهمية كبيرة لتحقيق أهداف المصرف في الربحية والسيولة والأمان أو السلامة المالية من خلال الاستخدام الأمثل للموارد والوصول إلى أعلى عائد بأدنى مخاطرة وبأقل كلفة ممكنة . ولان النظم التقليدية المعروفة في تقييم الأداء لها محدداتها المعروفة وهي قاصرة على إعطاء إشارات تحذيرية لإدارة المصرف شاملة تغطي مجالات وعمليات المصرف كاملة وتعتمد على التحليل الكمي دون النوعي . من هذا الإدراك شخصت مشكلة البحث بأن النظم التقليدية المستخدمة في تقييم أداء المصارف العراقية قاصرة وغير شاملة ولا تفي بمتطلبات النظم الرقابية الدولية الموحدة للمصارف المعاصرة ، فاستهدف البحث تطبيق نظام تقييم معاصر يتصف بالشمولية ويمكن تطبيقه بشكل موحد وهو نظام CAMELS ( وبشير كل حرف من حروفه الستة إلى عناصره وهي   كفاية رأس المـــال Capital adequacy ، جودة الأصول Asset quality ، الإدارة Management quality ، الربحية Earnings ، السيولة Liquidity ومخاطر السوق Sensitivity to Market Risk ) وهي مقاييس ملخصة للمعلومات الإشرافية لمؤشرات كمية ونوعية غرضها تقييم المصرف بطريقة شاملة وموحدة وسيساعد تطبيق هذا النظام على تحديد نقاط ضعف المصرف المالية والتشغيلية والإدارية ومما يتطلب من توجيه انتباه رقابي خاص لتدخل الإدارة المصرفية والسلطات الإشرافية لمعالجة ما يهدد السلامة المالية للمصرف ودرء المخاطر المتنوعة .
STUDI NUMERIK KARAKTERISASI ALIRAN YANG BERSILANGAN (CROSS FLOW) DISEKITAR CIRCULAR CYLINDER PADA STAGGED ARRAY DI DALAM CYLINDER BANK
Authors: Bela Persada Anggun Angkasa
Published: January 2020

Heat exchanger adalah alat yang sering digunakan dalam industri terutama untuk proses pendinginan dan pengkondisian udara/air conditioning. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan studi numerik untuk mendapatkan karakterisasi aliran yang bersilangan (cross flow) didalam cylinder bank yang terdiri dari 18 circular cylinder yang tersusun pada 7 staged array. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi numeric secara 2D unsteady dengan menggunakan variasi bilangan Reynolds sebesar 7960 dan 47700 dengan menggunakan model viscous standar K-Omega SST, sehingga akan diperoleh data Coeffisien Pressure (Cp).
KONVERSI LIMBAH PLASTIK MENJADI MINYAK SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ENERGI BARU TERBARUKAN
Authors: Norsujianto Tinton
Published: January 2020

Dari tahun 2009 hingga tahun 2010 produksi plastik di seluruh dunia meningkat dari 15 juta ton hingga mencapai 265 juta ton. Hal ini menegaskan kecenderungan jangka panjang pertumbuhan produksi plastik yang hampir 5% per tahun. Dampak yang akan terjadi terhadap lingkungan menjadi perhatian khusus para pemerhati lingkungan dan para ilmuwan. Untuk itulah diperlukan pengolahan limbah plastik yang aman bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Proses pengolahan limbah plastik  menjadi minyak setara bensin dan solar  diharapkan menjadi solusi mengatasi masalah kebutuhan energi untuk kelangsungan hidup manusia. Reaktor yang digunakan adalah tipe batch dengan temperatur 400 oC. Bahan baku yang digunakan limbah plastik LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene). Minyak pirolisis dari bahan baku plastik tunggal memiliki properti minyak yang terbaik. Hasil uji GC-MS, terlihat bahwa sampel minyak pirolisis mengandung banyak senyawa. Lima unsur kimia dengan prosentase tertinggi adalah Benzene (C6H6) sebesar 3,26% dikuti oleh Heptyne (C7H12) 3,1%., Tricosane (C23H48) 2,66%., Butanol (C5H12) 2,21% dan Tricosane (C23H48) 1,64%. Distribusi tersebut bisa diasumsikan bahwa  bisa diaplikasikan ke motor pembakaran dalam.
PEMROSESAN AWAL SINYAL AUDITORY EVOKED RESPONSES (AER)
Authors: Firdaus Sukma
Published: January 2020

Auditory evoked responses (AER) adalah representasi dari proses neurofisiologi di dalam otak akibat stimulus suara pada sistem pendengaran. AER muncul ketika stimulus yang diberikan pada sistem pendengaran direspon oleh otak. AER akan muncul dengan waktu yang cepat setelah diberikannya stimulus. Sinyal AER mampu merepresentasikan proses neurofisiologi yang terjadi di dalam otak, khususnya sistem saraf pendengaran. Informasi dari AER berada didalam sinyal EEG, maka filter digital yang harus didesain adalah filter bandpass. Untuk cutoff frekuensi dari filter adalah sesuai dengan rentang dari frekuensi EEG, yaitu 0.3 Hz samapi 30 Hz. Jenis filter menggunakan bandpass butterworth orde 4. Untuk dapat menganalisa kedalam domain frekuensi, sinyal terlebih dahulu harus ditransformasi menggunakan Fourier. Transformasi Fourier (TF) direpresentasikan kedalam persamaan matematis seperti pada persamaan 1. TF berjalan sesuai dengan translasi suatu fungsi dalam domain waktu kedalam fungsi dari domain frekeunsi. proses filtering berjalan dengan baik yang ditandai dengan teredamnya komponen frekuensi 50 Hz dan penurunan nilai MPF setelah proses filtering serta ditambah dengan pengujian statistik yang menyatakan terdapat perbedaan antara sebelum difilter dengan setelah difilter.
ANALISA VARIASI UKURAN VENTURI KARBURATOR TERHADAP KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR PADA SEPEDA MOTOR YAMAHA RX-KING 135cc
Authors: Artika Kurnia Dwi , Akbar Yusuf
Published: January 2020

Penggunaan sepeda motor saat ini mengalami peningkatan yang sangat pesat. Dampaknya adalah konsumsi bahan bakar yang juga meningkat. Teknologi sepeda motor semakin maju dan berkembang, dari mesin 2 tak menjadi 4 tak, dari sistem bahan bakar karburator menjadi injeksi. Sepeda motor RX-King masih menggunakan mesin 2 tak dan sistem karburator. Di dalam karburator terdapat lubang/pipa venturi yang pengaruhnya sangat besar terhadap putaran mesin dan konsumsi bahan bakar sesuai besarnya diameter venturi. Dari latar belakang tersebut, maka dapat dilakukan analisa pengaruh ukuran venturi terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar. Penelitian dilakukan dengan variasi ukuran venturi karburator 26,3 mm, 27,8 mm dan 28,8 mm dengan putaran mesin 4000 rpm (54 km/jam) dan bahan bakar premium. Pengujian dilakukan dengan mengukur dan mencatat waktu dari konsumsi bahan bakar, kemudian menganalisa venturi standart, perbesaran dan pengecilan diameter venturi. Adapun hasil dari setiap diameter venturi karburator terhadap konsumsi bahan bakar adalah masing-masing venturi 26,3 mm adalah 8,48 menit, pada venturi 27,8 mm (standart) adalah 7,14 menit dan pada venturi 28,8 mm adalah 6,15 menit. Sehingga pengecilan diameter venturi karburator dapat mengurangi konsumsi bahan bakar 18,77% tanpa mengurangi kinerja/performa kendaraan.
Scaffolding and Synergy in English Teaching by Native and Non-native Educators: A Study in an EFL Context in Colombia
Authors: Ortiz García William Ricardo , Ochoa Alpala Carol Anne
Published: January 2020

This paper shows the results about a qualitative research project focused on the analysis of three juxtaposed points of view about the perceptions regarding the teaching of English guided by native and non-native educators in a private university in Colombia. This study is based on the theoretical framework and concepts related to the nature of native or non-native educators with a methodology and analysis of the three perspectives: students, a native educator and a non-native educator, their opinions and experiences are contrasted to determine the academic positions and points of view of each of the parties involved, in order to understand how to achieve a more meaningful learning process. A questionnaire, an interview and a professor’s journal were used to collect information in this case study research.
Uma análise das concepções discentes acerca da monitoria no curso de Licenciatura em Física no IFCE
Authors: Neto Jonas Guimarães Paulo , Parente Nórlia Nabuco , Fraga Wilton Bezerra de
Published: January 2020

Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado na Licenciatura em Física do Instituto Federal do Ceará, Campus Sobral, objetivando verificar as concepções discentes acerca da eficiência do programa de monitoria. Foram aplicados questionários com os estudantes que estiveram presentes ou não nos encontros. Observou-se que os alunos monitorados consideraram a monitoria eficiente, e seus principais motivos para procurarem o monitor foram para auxílio na resolução de questões e entendimento do conteúdo. O fato de trabalharem e/ou morarem longe da faculdade são as principais razões para não frequentarem a monitoria. Sugere-se a proposta da adoção da monitoria virtual nesse campus como opção para superar essa dificuldade, bem como uma investigação acerca dos fatores envolvidos na relação entre monitor e estudantes desse programa.