bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Zinc and Boron on Physico-chemical Properties of Soil under Maize Crop in an Inceptisol of Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Anurag Kumar , Thomas Tarence , David Arun Alfred
Published: February 2023

The research was conducted during the Rabi 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with sixteen treatments and three replications with four levels of Zinc and Boron along with NPK as RDF. The non-significant findings were B.D, P.D, % pore space, water holding capacity, and pH were as, the present macro- micro nutrients in soil and also the morphological parameters have significant findings which comprises color is yellowish brown sandy loam textured neutral to alkaline soil that is non- saline in nature among all the treatment combination applied. The OC, NK observed significantly medium to high in treatment T16 RDF (120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1) + Zinc@20 kg ha-1+ Boron @5 kg ha-1), micro-nutrients such as Zinc, Boron were knowingly medium to high in T16 RDF (120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1) + Zinc@20 kg ha-1+ Boron @5 kg ha-1). The maximum mean value for bulk density (1.33 Mg m-3), particle density (2.589 Mg m-3) percent pore space (47.98%), and percent maximum water holding capacity (45.87%) were found. The chemical soil parameters with a cumulative mean of slightly saline soil pH (7.93), average Electrical conductivity (0.41 dS m-1), maximum percent OC (0.42), high Available N (288.52 kg ha-1), high Available P in T2 (16.85 kg ha-1) due to the antagonistic effect of zinc on Phosphorous, high Available K (207.98 kg ha-1), high Available Zn (1.144 mg kg-1), and high Available B (1.243 mg kg-1) were categorized in evaluation to other NPK and micronutrients levels treatments.
Effect of Molybdenum and Sulphur on Yield and Economics of Summer Black gram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Tejaswini B. H. , Singh Rajesh
Published: February 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.), during the month of Zaid 2022. To study treatments consisting of three levels of Molybdenum viz. Mo 1 kg, 1.5 kg and 2 kg/ha and three levels of Sulphur viz. 10, 20 and 30 kg/ha. The soil on the experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, had a pH of 7.1, contained 0.28 per cent organic carbon, and had 225 kg of nitrogen, 19.50 kg of phosphorus, and 92 kg of potassium available per hectare. There were 10 treatments, each reproduced three times, and they were organised using a random block design. The outcomes showed that treatment 9 (Molybdenum 2 kg/ha + Sulphur 30 kg/ha) significantly increased the number of pods/plant (27.6), the number of seeds/pod (9.53), seed yield (1.25 t/ha), Stover yield (2.87), harvest index (30.3%), gross returns (87500.00), net returns (47281.52)and B:C ratio (1.18) in comparison to alternative treatments.
Overview of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) Crop, Its Economic Importance, Ecological Requirements and Production Constraints in Kenya
Authors: Muchomba Mercy Kiende , Muindi Esther Mwende , Mulinge Jackson Muema
Published: February 2023

Green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek), also known as mung bean, is an important grain legume containing a high amount of digestible protein, amino acids, sugar, minerals, soluble dietary fibers, and vitamins. In Kenya, green gram production is done mainly by smallholder farmers for food and sale. The crop is mainly grown in arid and semi-arid regions and plays important role towards achieving improved human nutrition and health conditions, reducing poverty through food security and enhancing ecosystem resilience as a source of human food, animal feed, soil nitrogen and soil health. Statistics show that though average area under production has been growing since 1978, average production has been fluctuating and consumption increasing steadily upholding constant deficit which is catered for through imports. The country’s average green gram yield ranges between 0.5-0.6 ton/ha compared to crop potential of 1.5 ton/ha and global average yield of 0.73 tons/ha. The production is mainly constrained by myriad of factors such as climate change effects, pest and disease prevalence, poor agronomic practices, land degradation and soil health decline. Other challenges included: lack of structured marketing systems and poor research- extension- farmer linkages, Possession of limiting climate smart agriculture knowledge and skills. Access to credit facilities and agro processing technologies as well as narrow post-harvest loss management knowledge and skills was also identified as other key green gram production constraints more so for small scale farmers. It was however noted that the country has potential to achieve optimal greengram production and optimal production require adoption of climate smart technologies, improved flow of information, streamlined government policies, credit facilities as well as structured market system. The current work reviews green gram crop, with emphasis on its biology, economic importance, ecological requirements, current production status in Kenya, production constraints and their management.
YouTube as an Auxiliary Source of Learning Clinical Skills for Dental Students in Qassim Dental College in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdullah Amal , Alyahya Sereen Omar , Kalevaru Chandra Sekhar
Published: February 2023

Background: Since year 2000 onwards, there is tremendous improvement in the areas of Dental education and also considerable improvement in E-learning. The current generation of students as well as the faculty mostly rely on the electronic gadgets, apps and most of the information is available on mobile with internet connection, which is feasible in developed countries educational institutes perspectives. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the YouTube usage, importance in the clinical procedures and attitude towards learning among the study participants.

Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted among the dental students of college dentistry, Qassim university during the period from February 2022 to December 2022. A sample of 92 dental students were participated and questionnaire distributed through google form. Data entered and cleaned with Statistical package social sciences (SPSS). Chi square test applied for the categorical variables in the study.

Results: In the present study, about 92 dental students participated and questionnaire distributed to 130 students. In the current study, 52.2% were females and two thirds of students (66.3%) in the age group of 22-24 years. About 93.5% were using YouTube more than 5 years and 73.9% of them using you tube daily. Nearly 84.2% of 3rd year students used restorative procedure. There was statistically significant association was observed between YouTube users and types of dental procedures (P<0.05).

Conclusions : Based on the study findings, majority of the dental students were using YouTube. Of which, majority 3rd year students used YouTube for restorative procedure and their choice of use depends upon their necessity, understanding and also opined that their faculty to be posted their YouTube videos on the social media to get genuinely and credibility.
Influence of Agricultural Marketing on Indian Agribusiness – A Marketing Personnels' POV
Authors: Uikey Ashish A.
Published: February 2023

India's agriculture industry is crucial to the overall growth of the country's economy. As a consequence of this, boosting the output of agriculture is strongly encouraged. In order for the marketing infrastructure to keep up with rising agricultural output, it will need to undergo development. For this reason, a robust agricultural marketing system is of the utmost significance for a nation that relies so heavily on farming as the primary economic activity. At the current time, the agricultural industry is confronted with a substantial number of dangers and obstacles. Farmers suffer from extreme poverty and have significant amounts of debt. As a consequence of this, the number of farmers who take their own lives is quickly increasing. Over the course of the last several years, the percentage of GDP that is contributed by agriculture has been continuously decreasing. Changes are being made in the composition of the agricultural labour force. There is a rising lack of labour due to the fact that individuals are departing from the agricultural sector and moving into the construction, textile, and other unorganized sectors. The over-application of fertilizer and pesticides is another factor that reduces production.

Agricultural marketing is comprised of a number of different procedures and activities that work together to ensure that food and raw materials make it from the land of production to the end users. Not only are there local markets for the products of agriculture, but there are also international and industrial markets. The most effective method of marketing is one that allows the farmer to make a satisfactory quantity of profit from their labour. In this study, the researcher has used both primary and secondary sources for gathering the data, also respondents are chosen based on the convenience sampling method. From the overall analysis it, is noted that the application of agriculture marketing enables in enhancing the income of the individuals, effectively supports in increasing the GDP and creating employment.
Debt Crisis and Nigerian Economy: An Assessment of the Buhari Administration (2015-2021)
Authors: Fatima Fadahunsi , Olasunkanmi Osundina
Published: February 2023

External debt or recourse to loan borrowing is an effective measure providing alternative funding to augment limited monetary resources of a country in her quest for economic development. This loan, when appropriately used, advance infrastructural development that brings great dividend to the citizens but a departure from this put pressure on the economy which might lead to economy doldrums. Therefore, the aim is to examine if continuous loan actually generate economy buoyancy

The study use qualitative analysis. Hence, it adopts a case-study research design approach. Primary data were generated from interviews with experts in the field of debt management and researchers in the area of political economy. Also, secondary data such as; journals, articles, books, library websites, newspapers, theses and dissertation and Debt Data documented by the Debt Management Office (DMO) available for a seven-year period (2015-2021).

The paper found out that mismanagement and misappropriation of borrowed funds are the bane of development in Nigeria. Also, government neglect to economy diversification has made recourse to loan taking desirable as a source of alternative revenue for the country.

Therefore, it was recommended that better debt policies to restructure and checkmate debt profile in Nigeria should be instituted while diversification of the economy will address the debt-to-revenue ratio impact of borrowing.
Adsorption of Carotene from Crude Palm Oil by Activated Achalla Clay
Authors: O. Ajemba, Regina , N. Nweke Chinenyenwa , C. Okoye Chisom , O. Nwachukwu Josiah
Published: February 2023

High costs of imported bleaching earths have led to the need for alternative local sources. The effectiveness of acid-activated Achalla clay in crude palm oil bleaching was examined. The clay sample was collected, sun-dried, manually ground, and activated with the hydrochloric acid solution. Characterization of the raw and activated clay samples was carried out using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. The factors that were varied during the bleaching process were temperature, contact time, and adsorbent dosage. The adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and thermodynamics studies were also investigated. The XRF, SEM, and FTIR characterization results showed that the clays were kaolinites with some significant increase in the number of microporous surfaces and some changes in the functional groups. The results also indicated that the process performance improved at higher temperatures. The highest bleaching efficiency of the bleaching process was 85.6%. The pseudo-first-order model described the adsorption process from the experimental data with higher correlation coefficients than the pseudo-second-order, first-order, and Intra-particle diffusion models. The equilibrium isotherm data were described better by the Temkin model than Langmuir and Freundlich models due to higher R2 values. The enthalpy and entropy values were determined to be 26,968.12 J/mol and 78.2273 J/mol respectively. The Gibb’s free energy was found to vary between -1.428.39 to 1,700.70 J/mol. The results of the thermodynamic parameters showed that it was a spontaneous chemical adsorption process and endothermic. This study has revealed that acid-activated Achalla clay can be used for the bleaching of crude palm oil at higher temperatures.
A Study on Laboratory Type Paper Machine Using Nano Fibrillated Cellulose from Recycled Old Corrugated Containerboard as Bio Additive in Board Production
Authors: Dölle Klaus , Darius Jacob , Medina Rodrigo Castillo , Henkler Owen , Day Jonathan
Published: February 2023

Raw material, energy, water, and additive cost are challenges for today’s board manufacturing and new sustainable solutions are needed to produce paper products with an favorable environmental footprint.

A laboratory Fourdrinier paper machine study manufactured a board product with a targeted basis weight of 80 g/m² without and with the addition of ground calcium carbonate at a targeted filler level of 10%. Nano fibrillated cellulose produced from recycled old corrugated containerboard with a Valley Beater at a Canadian Standard Freeness level of 40 ml was added at 4% based on oven dry basis weight. Results revealed an increased ash and fine retention as well as an increased burst Index, short span compression strength, and tear index for the base paper as well as with and without ground calcium carbonate addition.
A Model of Footstep Generator
Authors: Abadah Great O.
Published: February 2023

Sufficient energy generation is one the key amenities lack in Nigeria. Also, the effect of fossil fuel forced to seek for alternative energy sources.  In  order to  solve the  problem  of energy in Nigeria and to  achieve  zero carbon emission,  a footstep  general  prototype  was developed  using reversed manufacturing.  Reversed manufacturing method was aborted in order to conserved energy, material and the environment and minimize waste especially e- waste. The performance of machine was evaluated based on the stepping pressure of humans that weigh between 50kg to 120kg.
A Comparative Pharmaceutico-Analytical Study of Saindavadhi Ghrita Prepared with Murchchhit and Amurchchhit Ghrita and Evaluation of Its Antiepileptic Efficacy in Swiss Albino Mice – A Study Protocol
Authors: Nidhin M. M. , Rathi Bharat , Rathi Renu , Kumar Saranya S.
Published: February 2023

Background: Epilepsy accounts for a significant proportion of the world’s disease burden, affecting around 50 million people worldwide. With the increased incidence rate of epilepsy, a few treatment modalities as well as formulations are being developed in recent years, but the complete recovery from the symptoms of epilepsy is not recorded till today. However, there is a search for a formulation that shows quick and longstanding efficacy on epilepsy. Saindavadhi Ghrita is one such formulation mentioned in Yogaratnakara Apasmara Chikista.

Aim: A comparative Pharmaceutico-analytical study of Saindavadhi Ghrita prepared with Murchchhit and Amurchchhit Ghrita (MSG & ASG) and evaluation of its antiepileptic efficacy in Swiss albino mice.

Methodology: Preparation of Saindavadhi Ghrita will be carried out with Murchchhit and Amurchchhit Ghrita and an analytical study will be done. Prepared Saindavadhi Ghrita (MSG & ASG) will be evaluated for its antiepileptic action on Swiss albino mice.

Observations & Results: Analysis and Experimental study shall be documented and presented in the form of data, photographs, tables, charts, etc. as applicable. The data obtained will be analyzed by using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison t-tests as a post hoc test for determining the level of significance of the observed effects.

Conclusion: MSG is expected to be to show significant antiepileptic efficacy in Swiss albino mice as compared to ASG.
Evaluation of the Effect of Xerostomia and Hyposalivation on Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Polymedicated Patients
Authors: Koduri Sridevi , Buduru Krishnaveni , Nalli Prasanth Kumar , Masa Ankitha , Mallolu Vinolia Sharon , Tellakula Vineela
Published: February 2023

Aim: To evaluate the effect of xerostomia & hyposalivation on oral health related quality of life among polymedicated patients.

Study Design: A descriptive cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Saliva samples were obtained from the participants and Questionnaires were answered in the Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Andhra Pradesh, from 12th Oct 2021 to 25th Nov 2021.

Methodology: A total of 62 polymedicated subjects who are regularly administered with any two of the following medications: anticonvulsants, antidepressants, oral hypoglycemics, antihypertensives, antihistamines for more than 1 year were randomly selected. The stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rates of subjects were recorded using sialometry. The subjects further answered Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire (OHIP-14sp) and all the obtained values were analyzed using Spearman correlation test with a significant P value of 0.05 and SPSS version 23.

Results: The presence of hyposalivation and xerostomia was observed in majority of the study population. Patients with hyposalivation revealed a mean score of 9.50±3.25 and 15.0 ± 6.8 with the OHIP and SXI questionnaires respectively, with a P value of .10 which was considered statistically significant.

Conclusion: The correlation of SXI and OHIP-14sp scores with the prevalence of xerostomia and hyposalivation suggests the need for preventive measures related to oral health among polymedicated patients.
The wounded-healer in psychotherapy
Authors: Torii Shizuka
Published: February 2023

This paper argues that the therapist's woundedness can be useful and indeed has wonderful potential for therapeutic effectiveness on condition that the therapist has integrated his/her woundedness. It discusses the ethos, the paradigm and the beauty of the wounded-healer by reviewing relevant literature, followed by clinical vignettes from the author's very beginning practice to illustrate some aspects of wounded-healing.
Captain Cook had a treatment plan
Authors: Bowden Roy
Published: February 2023

This paper highlights questions regarding the relevance of diagnosis and treatment methods within psychotherapy. (Psychotherapy is viewed as a separate profession with links to psychoanalysis, psychiatry and clinical psychology). The theses are as follows; Diagnosis and treatment are concepts which prevent therapists from viewing the client as a whole person. Therapists who diagnose client difficulties overlay client presentations with their own favoured perceptions. Treatment plans are usually made according to a defined modality which views the world through a set of theories instead of ideas created by client and therapist together. Diagnostic formulations and treatment plans are also culturally bound instruments which may result in therapeutic colonisation.
Cradling Hope
Authors: Olson Rose McKeon
Published: February 2023

In this narrative medicine essay, a physician recounts her family’s experience with critical illness and death and how she came to appreciate both the health care team’s perspective and the family’s perspective regarding when to have hope and when to let go.
Association of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use With Risk of Acquiring Drug-Resistant Enterobacterales
Authors: Willems Roel P. J. , Schut Martijn C. , Kaiser Anna M. , Groot Thomas H. , Abu-Hanna Ameen , Twisk Jos W. R. , van Dijk Karin , Vandenbroucke-Grauls Christina M. J. E.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) have been associated with the risk of colonization with drug-resistant bacteria; however, possible confounding by lifestyle-associated factors and disease severity casts doubt on this association, and whether the risk is dose dependent is not known.

Objectives

To assess the association between PPI use and the risk of acquiring drug-resistant Enterobacterales and to examine interactions with possible microbiome-altering agents.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nested case-control study involved 2239 hospitalized adult (aged ≥18 years) patients identified from the microbiology laboratory database of Amsterdam University Medical Centers between December 31, 2018, and January 6, 2021. Patients in the case group had newly detected extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)– or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (identified by clinical specimens). Risk-set sampling was used to assign patients with negative results for ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales to the control group, who were then matched on a 5:1 ratio with patients in the case group by age and culture date. A second validation case-control study included matched pairs (1:1 ratio; 94 in each group) of patients who were prospectively enrolled.

Exposures

Proton pump inhibitor use and clinical data at 30 days (primary exposure) and 90 days (secondary exposure) before the date of culture.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) of ESBL- or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales acquisition by PPI dose and time risk windows (30 days for the primary outcome and 90 days for the secondary outcome) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models.

Results

Among 2239 hospitalized patients (51.1% male; mean [SD] age, 60.9 [16.7] years), 374 were in the case group (51.6% male; mean [SD] age, 61.1 [16.5] years) and 1865 were in the matched control group (51.0% male; mean [SD] age, 60.9 [16.7] years). The aIRR for PPI use overall was 1.48 (95% CI, 1.15-1.91) at 30 days. Sensitivity analyses and the analysis of the pair-matched study with prospectively enrolled patients (aIRR, 2.96, 95% CI, 1.14-7.74) yielded similar results; findings were consistent in subgroups and corroborated by a negative-control exposure analysis. No association with microbiome-disturbing agents was found; laxatives and antibiotics were independently associated with a more than 2-fold increase in the risk of acquisition (antibiotics: aIRR, 2.78 [95% CI, 2.14-3.59]; laxatives: aIRR, 2.26 [95% CI. 1.73-2.94]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, after careful control for confounding and sensitivity analyses, PPI use was associated with increases in the risk of acquiring ESBL- or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales among adult hospitalized patients. These findings emphasize the need for judicious use of PPIs.
Association of Brain Metastases With Survival in Patients With Limited or Stable Extracranial Disease
Authors: Li Alyssa Y. , Gaebe Karolina , Zulfiqar Amna , Lee Grace , Jerzak Katarzyna J. , Sahgal Arjun , Habbous Steven , Erickson Anders W. , Das Sunit
Published: February 2023

Importance

Intracranial metastatic disease (IMD) is a severe complication of cancer with profound prognostic implications. Patients with IMD in the setting of limited or stable extracranial disease (IMD-SE) may represent a unique and understudied subset of patients with IMD with superior prognosis.

Objective

To evaluate overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and intracranial PFS (iPFS) in patients with IMD-SE secondary to any primary cancer.

Data Sources

Records were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and gray literature sources from inception to June 21, 2021.

Study Selection

Studies in English reporting OS, PFS, or iPFS in patients with IMD-SE (defined as IMD and ≤2 extracranial metastatic sites) and no prior second-line chemotherapy or brain-directed therapy were selected.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Author, year of publication, type of study, type of primary cancer, and outcome measures were extracted. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate effect sizes, and subgroup meta-analysis and metaregression were conducted to measure between-study differences in February 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary end point was OS described as hazard ratios (HRs) and medians for comparative and single-group studies, respectively. Secondary end points were PFS and iPFS.

Results

Overall, 68 studies (5325 patients) were included. IMD-SE was associated with longer OS (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.39-0.70) and iPFS (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.52-0.76) compared with IMD in the setting of progressive extracranial disease. The weighted median OS estimate for patients with IMD-SE was 17.9 months (95% CI, 16.4-22.0 months), and for patients with IMD-PE it was 8.0 months (95% CI, 7.2-12.8 months). Pooled median OS for all patients with IMD-SE was 20.9 months (95% CI, 16.35-25.98 months); for the subgroup with breast cancer it was 20.2 months (95% CI, 10.43-38.20 months), and for non–small cell lung cancer it was 27.5 months (95% CI, 18.27-49.66 months). Between-study heterogeneity for OS and iPFS were moderate (I2 = 56.5%) and low (I2 = 0%), respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis of patients with IMD-SE, limited systemic disease was associated with improved OS and iPFS. Future prospective trials should aim to collect granular information on the extent of extracranial disease to identify drivers of mortality and optimal treatment strategies in patients with brain metastases.
Exposure to US Cancer Drugs With Lack of Confirmed Benefit After US Food and Drug Administration Accelerated Approval
Authors: Parikh Ravi B. , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Wang Erkuan , Royce Trevor J. , Cohen Aaron B. , Clark Amy S. , Mamtani Ronac
Published: February 2023

This cross-sectional study evaluates patient exposure to oncology drugs withdrawn from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Accelerated Approval program.
Association of Educational Intervention With Knowledge of Airway Injury After Endotracheal Intubation and Tube Size Selection
Authors: Campbell Benjamin R. , Esianor Brandon I. , Barrett Tyler W. , Casey Jonathan D. , Steitz Bryan , Du Liping , Gelbard Alexander
Published: February 2023

In this nonrandomized controlled trial, an educational intervention for emergency medicine residents was developed to increase knowledge of airway injury following prolonged intubation and reduce the proportion of large-for-height endotracheal tubes placed in the emergency department.
Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Middle Ear in a Child
Authors: Gendre Adrien , Boyer Julie , Michel Guillaume
Published: February 2023

A 25-month-old child presented with unilateral hearing loss; examination found unilateral right middle ear effusion of cerebrospinal fluid. What is your diagnosis?
Long‐term risk of seizure after posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
Authors: Seitz Alison , Parauda Sarah C. , Salehi Omran Setareh , Schweitzer Andrew D. , Liberman Ava L. , Murthy Santosh B. , Merkler Alexander E. , Navi Babak B. , Iadecola Costantino , Kamel Hooman , Zhang Cenai , Parikh Neal S.
Published: February 2023

Objective

Patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) can develop seizures during the acute phase. We sought to determine the long‐term risk of seizure after PRES.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study using statewide all‐payer claims data from 2016–2018 from nonfederal hospitals in 11 US states. Adults admitted with PRES were compared to adults admitted with stroke, an acute cerebrovascular disorder associated with long‐term risk of seizure. The primary outcome was seizure diagnosed during an emergency room visit or hospital admission after the index hospitalization. The secondary outcome was status epilepticus. Diagnoses were determined using previously validated ICD‐10‐CM codes. Patients with seizure diagnoses before or during the index admission were excluded. We used Cox regression to evaluate the association of PRES with seizure, adjusting for demographics and potential confounders.

Results

We identified 2095 patients hospitalized with PRES and 341,809 with stroke. Median follow‐up was 0.9 years (IQR, 0.3–1.7) in the PRES group and 1.0 years (IQR, 0.4–1.8) in the stroke group. Crude seizure incidence per 100 person‐years was 9.5 after PRES and 2.5 after stroke. After adjustment for demographics and comorbidities, patients with PRES had a higher risk of seizure than patients with stroke (HR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.6–3.4). Results were unchanged in a sensitivity analysis that applied a two‐week washout period to mitigate detection bias. A similar relationship was observed for the secondary outcome of status epilepticus.

Interpretation

PRES was associated with an increased long‐term risk of subsequent acute care utilization for seizure compared to stroke.
Fabrication of Material Extrusion‐Based Carbon Nanotubes/Zinc Oxide Core–Shell Polylactic Acid Nanocomposite Filaments for Advanced Biomedical Applications
Authors: Pottikadavath Venugopal Ajay Kumar , Divakaran Nidhin , Yohannan Alex , Mohapatra Agneyarka , Mohanty Smita
Published: February 2023

The rapid evolution of 3D‐printing (3DP) technologies has generated scope of developing advanced feedstock materials with excellent comprehensive properties. Material extrusion (ME) is one such 3DP technique with extensive range of commercial applications especially in aerospace applications. Herein, the current research focusses on developing ME‐based filaments with excellent functional characteristics by using polylactic acid (PLA) as the base polymer. The hybrid combination of carbon nanotubes and zinc oxide is synthesized by constructing a core–shell nanoparticles (CNS) which is then added into PLA under different wt%. The characterization techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, etc., confirm the formation of CNS, which affirms to be an ideal reinforcement within PLA matrix. The mechanical properties of PLA are significantly enhanced with the tensile strength augmentation by 48.5% with only 0.2 wt% addition of CNS, while the thermogravimetric analysis results confirm the thermal stability enhancement for PLA/CNS composites. The fabricated PLA/CNS filaments display excellent flow characteristics as vindicated in rheological studies and ME‐printed prototypes exhibit refined output with exemplary finishing. The developed composite filaments can be harnessed as an advanced material in biomedical applications with exceptional properties.
Ultrathin Composite Li Electrode for High‐Performance Li Metal Batteries: A Review from Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: Wang Qian , Zou Pengkun , Ren Longtao , Wang Shi , Wang Yan , Huang Ziyi , Hou Zhaoxia , Jiang Zheheng , Lu Xiwen , Lu Tiantian , Guan Lixiang , Hou Lifeng , Yang Chengkai , Liu Wen , Wei Yinghui
Published: February 2023

Li metal anode attracts tremendous attention in next‐generation battery systems with high energy density, but volume change and dendritic growth limit its practical applications. Composite Li electrode can fundamentally suppress the volume effect and decrease the local current density, ensuring long‐term cycling life. However, up to now, there is only limited success in preparing multifarious composite Li electrode, especially in thickness, posing great obstacles to further promoting its research and application. In this review, the thickness of composite Li electrode are strategically focussed upon and the merits and existing challenges of ultrathin composite Li electrode are evaluated. Meanwhile, the design principles and fundamental requirements for ultrathin composite Li electrode in the future are summarized and the existing cases related to this field are outlined as much as possible from synthetic chemistry, hoping it can serve as a handbook to provide a comprehensive understanding and guide reliable fabrication of advanced composite Li electrode. Challenges and opportunities regarding this burgeoning field are also critically evaluated at the end of this review.
Phase‐Changeable Dynamic Conformal Electrode/electrolyte Interlayer enabling Pressure‐Independent Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Xu Hongfei , Zhu Qi , Zhao Yan , Du Zhiguo , Li Bin , Yang Shubin
Published: February 2023

Lithium‐metal‐based solid‐state batteries (Li‐SSBs) are one of the most promising energy storage devices due to their high energy densities. However, under insufficient pressure constraints (<MPa‐level), Li‐SSBs usually exhibit poor electrochemical performances owing to the continuous interfacial degradation between the solid‐state electrolyte (SSE) and electrodes. Herein, a phase‐changeable interlayer is developed to construct the self‐adhesive and dynamic conformal electrode/SSE contact in Li‐SSBs. The strong adhesive and cohesive strengths of the phase‐changeable interlayer enable Li‐SSBs to resist up to 250 N pulling force (=1.9 MPa), affording Li‐SSBs ideal interfacial integrality even without extra stack pressure. Remarkably, this interlayer exhibits a high ionic conductivity of 1.3 × 10−3 S cm−1, attributed to the shortened steric solvation hindrance and optimized Li+ coordination structure. Furthermore, the changeable phase property of the interlayer endows Li‐SSBs with a healable Li/SSE interface, accommodating the stress–strain evolution of the lithium metal and constructing the dynamic conformal interface. Consequently, the contact impedance of the modified solid symmetric cell exhibits a pressure‐independent manner and does not increase over 700 h (0.2 MPa). The LiFePO4 pouch cell with the phase‐changeable interlayer shows 85% capacity retention after 400 cycles at a low pressure of 0.1 MPa.
A Heteroanionic Zinc Ion Conductor for Dendrite‐Free Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Zhao Siwei , Zhang Yujing , Li Jidao , Qi Limin , Tang Yuxin , Zhu Jia , Zhi Jian , Huang Fuqiang
Published: February 2023

Although zinc‐based batteries are promising candidates for eco‐friendly and cost‐effective energy storage devices, their performance is severely retarded by dendrite formation. As the simplest zinc compounds, zinc chalcogenides, and halides are individually applied as a Zn protection layer due to high zinc ion conductivity. However, the mixed‐anion compounds are not studied, which constrains the Zn2+ diffusion in single‐anion lattices to their own limits. A heteroanionic zinc ion conductor (ZnyO1−xFx) coating layer is designed by in situ growth method with tunable F content and thickness. Strengthened by F aliovalent doping, the Zn2+ conductivity is enhanced within the wurtzite motif for rapid lattice Zn migration. ZnyO1−xFx also affords zincophilic sites for oriented superficial Zn plating to suppress dendrite growth. Therefore, ZnyO1−xFx‐coated anode exhibits a low overpotential of 20.4 mV for 1000 h cycle life at a plating capacity of 1.0 mA h cm−2 during symmetrical cell test. The MnO2//Zn full battery further proves high stability of 169.7 mA h g−1 for 1000 cycles. This work may enlighten the mixed‐anion tuning for high‐performance Zn‐based energy storage devices.
13% Single‐Component Organic Solar Cells based on Double‐Cable Conjugated Polymers with Pendent Y‐Series Acceptors
Authors: Liang Shijie , Xiao Chengyi , Xie Chengcheng , Liu Baiqiao , Fang Haisheng , Li Weiwei
Published: February 2023

Double‐cable conjugated polymers with pendent electron acceptors, including fullerene, rylene diimides, and nonfused acceptors, have been developed for application in single‐component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) with efficiencies approaching 10%. In this work, Y‐series electron acceptors have been firstly incorporated into double‐cable polymers in order to further improve the efficiencies of SCOSCs. A highly crystalline Y‐series acceptor based on quinoxaline core and the random copolymerized strategy are used to optimize the ambipolar charge transport and the nanophase separation of the double‐cable polymers. As a result, an efficiency of 13.02% is obtained in the random double‐cable polymer, representing the highest performance in SCOSCs, while the regular double‐cable polymer only provides a low efficiency of 2.75%. The significantly enhanced efficiencies are attributed to higher charge carrier mobilities, better ordering conjugated backbones and Y‐series acceptors in random double‐cable polymers.
Two‐Dimensional Organic Crystals Enabling Anisotropic Photon Transport and Dual‐Color Orthogonally Polarized Laser
Authors: Huang Han , Yang Liuqing , He Jingping , Yang Yongan , Yao Jiannian , Liao Qing , Fu Hongbing
Published: February 2023

Anisotropic transport of polarized photons in organic 2D crystals provides a great opportunity to construct integrated photonic circuits. However, such study remains a critical challenge limited by the precise orientation of molecular transition dipole moment (TDM) and modification of the interaction between photons and molecular TDM. Herein, a stilbene derivative with strong solid‐state photoluminescence is designed and synthesized. The excellent anisotropic polarization‐dependent waveguide occurs in its parallelogram 2D crystal and further enables 463‐ and 493‐nm lasing emissions along the short and long axes of the crystal, respectively. Polarization measurements show that the two lasers with the different wavelengths have mutually orthogonal linear polarizations. These results provide a new strategy for designing orthogonally polarized lasers in single‐component 2D crystals, which may inspire further development of organic photonic devices with controllable polarization properties.
Short and Scalable Synthesis of Plant‐Based Cholesterol in GMP Grade
Authors: Munt Maxim , Spieß Oliver , Indolese Adriano , Roux Lionel , Giraud Matthieu , Schinzer Dieter
Published: February 2023

A plant‐based straightforward and short four‐step synthesis of cholesterol starting from commercially available diosgenin is reported. This offers a large‐scale production of highly needed GMP‐grade cholesterol, which is part of the lipid cocktail for the assembly of effective mRNA‐based vaccines against the COVID‐19 pandemic. These lipids are formulated into the delivery system of the mRNA fragments by forming Lipid Nano Particles (LNP) that introduce the mRNA into the cells. Cholesterol plays a crucial role because it stabilizes LNP and facilitates endosome escape of the mRNA into the cytosol.
Process Controlled Ruthenium on 2D Engineered V‐MXene via Atomic Layer Deposition for Human Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Mohapatra Debananda , Shin Yujin , Ansari Mohd Zahid , Kim Youn‐Hye , Park Ye Jin , Cheon Taehoon , Kim Haekyoung , Lee Jung Woo , Kim Soo‐Hyun
Published: February 2023

In searching for unique and unexplored 2D materials, the authors try to investigate for the very first time the use of delaminated V‐MXene coupled with precious metal ruthenium (Ru) through atomic layer deposition (ALD) for various contact and noncontact mode of real‐time temperature sensing applications at the human–machine interface. The novel delaminated V‐MXene (DM‐V2CTx) engineered ruthenium‐ALD (Ru‐ALD) temperature sensor demonstrates a competitive sensing performance of 1.11% °C−1 as of only V‐MXene of 0.42% °C−1. A nearly threefold increase in sensing and reversibility performance linked to the highly ordered few‐layered V‐MXene and selective, well‐controlled Ru atomic doping by ALD for the successful formation of Ru@DM‐V2CTX heterostructure. The advanced heterostructure formation, the mechanism, and the role of Ru have been comprehensively investigated by ultra‐high‐resolution transmission/scanning transmission electron microscopies coupled with next‐generation spherical aberration correction technology and fast, accurate elemental mapping quantifications, also by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. To the knowledge, this work is the first to use the novel, optimally processed V‐MXene over conventionally used Ti‐MXene and its surface‐internal structure engineering by Ru‐ALD process‐based temperature‐sensing devices function and operational demonstrations. The current work could potentially motivate the development of multifunctional, future, next‐generation, safe, personal healthcare electronic devices by the industrially scalable ALD technique.
One‐Step Synthesis of White‐Light‐Emitting Carbon Dots for White LEDs with a High Color Rendering Index of 97
Authors: Yan Zishan , Chen Tong , Yan Lingpeng , Liu Xinghua , Zheng Jingxia , Ren Fu‐de , Yang Yongzhen , Liu Bin , Liu Xuguang , Xu Bingshe
Published: February 2023

White‐light‐emitting carbon dots (WCDs) show innate advantages as phosphors in white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). For WLEDs, the color rendering index (CRI) is the most important metric to evaluate its performance. Herein, WCDs are prepared by a facile one‐step solvothermal reaction of trimellitic acid and o‐phenylenediamine. It consists of four CDs identified by column chromatography as blue, green, yellow, red, and thus white light is a superposition of these four types of light. The mixture of the four CDs undergoes Förster resonance energy transfer to induce the generation of white light. The photoluminescence of WCDs originates from the synergistic effect of carbon core and surface states. Thereinto, the carbon core states dominate in RCDs, and the increase of amide contents and degree of conjugation promote the redshift of the emission spectra, which is further confirmed by theoretical calculations. In addition, a high CRI of 97 is achieved when the WCDs are used as phosphors to fabricate WLEDs, which is almost the highest value up to now. The multicolor LEDs can also be fabricated by using the four multicolor CDs as phosphors, respectively. This work provides a novel approach to explore the rapid preparation of low‐cost, high‐performance WCDs and CDs‐based WLEDs.
Water quality monitoring in recirculating aquaculture systems
Authors: Lindholm‐Lehto Petra
Published: February 2023

Good water quality in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) is crucial for ensuring the successful growth and survival of reared species. So far, there are no regulations for which parameters should be measured in RAS, and each farmer decides which parameters to follow. Traditionally, water quality parameters have been measured at certain intervals with handheld sensors and laboratory analyses, which can be labour intensive. Currently, a variety of sensors and monitoring equipment is available, even for the real‐time monitoring of water quality parameters. Internet of Things‐based systems and artificial intelligence can be applied for the monitoring purposes which allows real‐time measurements and warnings of critical situations. However, many of the modern systems need competent users and require regular maintenance and calibration. Changes in water quality also induces changes in fish behaviour, such as swimming activity, depth, acceleration and water quality can be assessed also based on these changes. In this review, water quality parameters, variety of sensors and monitoring technologies have been summarised to provide an overview of the current monitoring systems for water quality. Additionally, analytical methods for more advanced analyses have also been briefly summarised. Although there are several advanced options available for monitoring the basic water quality parameters, real‐time measurements of more advanced parameters still required require further development.
The role of agricultural sector performance in attracting foreign direct investment in the food and beverages sector. Evidence from planned investments in Africa
Authors: Kubik Zaneta
Published: February 2023

Using a novel dataset on foreign direct investment (FDI), this paper analyzes the correlates of planned FDI in the food and beverages sector in 49 African countries over the period 2003–2017. It applies the random effects model and augments the standard specification of FDI determinants with a set of factors related to the agricultural sector performance, hypothesized to be essential from the perspective of supply chain linkages and access to raw materials. The results indicate that well‐performing and well‐capitalized agricultural sector of the host country is a key factor associated with the choice of investment location by foreign investors, especially those from the Global North. Capital investment in agriculture, as proxied by agricultural gross fixed capital formation and net capital stock, is particularly important. Public investment in agriculture, in the form of government expenditure and official development assistance, is also associated with higher FDI. These factors, however, are not significant in case of the least developed countries where only market potential appears to matter for foreign investors. The results suggest that complementarities may exist between different types of investments and that policy‐makers willing to attract food and beverages FDI should prioritize agricultural sector development. [EconLit Citations: E22, E24, F21, F23, Q00, Q13, Q18].
Shape dependent protein‐induced stabilization of gold nanoparticles: From a protein corona perspective
Authors: Tukova Anastasiia , Nie Yihan , Tavakkoli Yaraki Mohammad , Tran Ngoc Thanh , Wang Jiaqiu , Rodger Alison , Gu Yuantong , Wang Yuling
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising materials for many bioapplications. However, upon contacting with biological media, AuNPs undergo changes. The interaction with proteins results in the so‐called protein corona (PC) around AuNPs, leading to the new bioidentity and optical properties. Understanding the mechanisms of PC formation and its functions can help us to utilise its benefits and avoid its drawbacks. To date, most of the previous works aimed to understand the mechanisms governing PC formation and focused on the spherical nanoparticles, although non‐spherical nanoparticles are designed for a wide range of applications in biosensing. In this work, we investigated the differences in PC formation on spherical and anisotropic AuNPs (nanostars in particular) from the joint experimental (extinction spectroscopy, zeta potential and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering [SERS]) and computational methods (the finite element method and molecular dynamics [MD] simulations). We discovered that protein does not fully cover the surface of anisotropic nanoparticles, leaving SERS hot‐spots at the tips and high curvature edges ‘available’ for analyte binding (no SERS signal after pre‐incubation with protein) while providing protein‐induced stabilization (indicated by extinction spectroscopy) of the AuNPs by providing a protein layer around the particle's core. The findings are confirmed from our MD simulations, the adsorption energy significantly decreases with the increased radius of curvature, so that tips (adsorption energy: 2762.334 kJ/mol) would be the least preferential binding site compared to core (adsorption energy: 11819.263 kJ/mol). These observations will help the development of new nanostructures with improved sensing and targeting ability.
Novel blended SNRPE‐related spliceosomopathy phenotype characterized by microcephaly and congenital atrichia
Authors: Amudhavalli Shivarajan M. , Paolillo V. , Lawson Caitlin , Patterson Melanie , Kussmann J. , Nopper A. J. , Lypka M. , Saunders Carol
Published: February 2023

Variants in genes encoding core components of the spliceosomes are associated with craniofacial syndromes, collectively called craniofacial spliceosomopathies. SNRPE encodes a core component of pre‐mRNA processing U‐rich small nuclear ribonuclear proteins (UsnRNPs). Heterozygous variants in SNRPE have been reported in six families with isolated hypotrichosis simplex in addition to one case of isolated non syndromic congenital microcephaly. Here, we report a patient with a novel blended phenotype of microcephaly and congenital atrichia with multiple congenital anomalies due to a de novo intronic SNRPE deletion, c.82‐28_82‐16del, which results in exon skipping. As discussed within, this phenotype, which we propose be named SNRPE‐related syndromic microcephaly and hypotrichosis, overlaps other craniofacial splicesosomopathies.