bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indium as a surfactant: Effects on growth morphology and background impurity in GaN films grown by ammonia-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Qwah Kai Shek , Farzana Esmat , Wissel Ashley , Monavarian Morteza , Mates Tom , Speck James S.
Published: August 2022

We report on the improvement of the surface morphology of c-plane GaN films grown at high growth rates (∼1 µm/h) using ammonia molecular beam epitaxy through a series of growth optimizations as well as the introduction of indium as a surfactant. The indium surfactant was expected to help with the adatom mobility and, thus, provide smoother growth surfaces. Through a combination of varying V/III ratios, In flux, and growth temperatures, an optimal condition for surface morphology, characterized by atomic force microscopy, was achieved. At higher Ga fluxes for fast growth rates (∼1 µm/h and beam equivalent pressures of ∼5 × 10−7 Torr), higher ammonia flows were necessary to preserve the surface morphology. In addition, indium was an effective surfactant—reducing the roughness and improving the overall surface morphology. However, excessive indium causes the surface morphology to degrade, potentially due to the enhancement of the Ga desorption from the surface as a result of the reaction of indium with ammonia for high indium fluxes. The indium surfactant also resulted in a reduction of background Si impurity concentrations in the film. These effects allow for the growth of thick drift layers with low background dopant concentrations for vertical GaN power devices.
Visible imaging system with changeable field of view on the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Liu L. , Yu D. L. , Shi Z. B. , Zhai W. Y. , Wu N. , Gao J. M. , Huang Z. H. , Xia F. , He X. X. , Wei Y. L. , Zhang N. , Chen W. J. , Yang Q. W.
Published: August 2022

A new visible imaging system characterizing a flexible optical design and delivering high resolution frames is established on the HL-2A tokamak. It features a modular configuration, consisting of a front-end imaging lens, a set of bilateral telecentric relay lenses, and a camera. To avoid the effects of plasma radiation (x and gamma-rays) and magnetic field variation on the camera, it should be away from the coils. Therefore, the length of the relay lenses determines the total size of the imaging system. The main feature of this imaging system is to realize the variation of field of view (FOV) by interchanging the front-end prime lenses or by using a zoom lens directly rather than designing the optical system afresh, which lowers the cost drastically. The primary purpose of varying FOV is to enrich the versatility of this system, i.e., focusing on a narrow FOV such as gas puff imaging or a wide FOV such as the plasma cross sections. During the HL-2A experiments, this visible imaging system is used to provide high quality pictures of the plasma–wall interaction, divertor detachment, pellet injections, and so on. The frames confirmed that a strong radiation close to the X point is correlated with the completely detached inner target.
On the thermofluidics of a steady laminar jet impacting on a rotating hot plate: An ab initio scaling perspective
Authors: Roy Durbar , Basu Saptarshi
Published: August 2022

We provide an ab initio scaling analysis for liquid film thickness and Nusselt number of a steady laminar jet impinging a rotating heated plate. We have probed the limiting scaling regimes by incorporating the evaporative effects at the liquid–vapor interface. The dependence of liquid film thickness and Nusselt number on Reynolds, Rossby, and Prandtl numbers has been unearthed using scaling analysis of the integral and differential form of the continuity, Navier–Stokes, and energy equation in a cylindrical coordinate system. Boundary layer analysis has been used to discover a critical length that plays a significant role in understanding the effect of evaporation on hydrodynamic, thermal boundary layer thicknesses, and subsequently Nusselt number. The evaporative effects on liquid film thickness become increasingly important after a certain critical radius. The scaling laws derived are compared with existing experimental data available in the literature, and the trends predicted were consistent.
Hydrodynamic instability of flow through a rotating channel filled with isotropic porous media
Authors: Cherian Mebin Abraham , Ghosh Sukhendu , Mukhopadhyay Sudipto
Published: August 2022

Various geophysical and engineering applications have underlying physics, comprising system rotation's effects on the dynamics and transport phenomena in porous media flows. Comprehensive knowledge of the instability in a rotating fluid-saturated porous layer is beneficial for controlling the transport phenomena and the mixing process. The present study focuses on the temporal evolution of small disturbances in a pressure-induced fluid flow through a spanwise rotating channel filled with an isotropic porous material. A Darcy–Brinkman model, including the Coriolis force term in the momentum equation, is employed to describe the developed flow. A normal mode analysis is performed, and the coupled Orr–Sommerfeld–Squire eigenvalue problem is formulated to capture the linear instability of the perturbed flow. The Chebyshev collocation technique is used to solve the fourth-order eigenvalue problem to capture the transient behavior of the finite-amplitude disturbances. The temporal growth rate and marginal stability curves related to the Coriolis force-based instabilities are investigated. The rotating porous media flow is unstable at a much lower Reynolds number than the non-rotating configuration. The analysis confirms co-existing unstable modes and mode coalescence for a specific range of parameters, which can enhance the mixing and transport inside the porous layer. The neutral stability curves show the appearance of two different unstable zones corresponding to the long and moderate waves. Moreover, the higher permeability and porosity of the porous medium have a destabilizing influence.
Adsorption of contaminants from aqueous solutions by modified biochar: a review
Authors: Yu Fei , Pan Junyao , Zhang Xiaochen , Bai Xueting , Ma Jie
Published: August 2022

Environmental context As a low-cost adsorption material with good biocompatibility and high adsorption efficiency, biochar is widely used to treat contaminants in water and soil environments. However, due to its low adsorption capacity and narrow adsorption range, it is necessary to modify biochar to improve its adsorption performance. This review describes the three major biochar modification methods and reviews their adsorption effects on different contaminants, then makes recommendations and suggestions for future development of biochar. Abstract As an adsorption material with low cost, good biocompatibility and high adsorption efficiency, biochar is widely used to treat contaminants in water. By modifying biochar, its physiochemical properties can be effectively improved, thereby improving its directional adsorption capacity for target contaminants. Many studies have been conducted to improve the adsorption capacity of modified biochar for contaminants and to explore the adsorption mechanism. However, there is currently no systematic analysis and summary of various modification methods and their adsorption effects on different contaminants. This review combines all recent papers on the adsorption of contaminants by modified biochar. In addition, this review summarises and specifically divides biochar modification methods into physical modification, chemical modification and compound modification. Physical modification can mainly improve the specific surface area and other physical characteristics of biochar, while chemical modification can form more functional groups in biochar. Compound modification can effectively combine the advantages of different types of adsorption materials to improve the adsorption capacity for contaminants. The adsorption effects of these three types of modification methods on heavy metals, inorganic salts and organic pollutants were compared, and their adsorption mechanisms were systematically reviewed for different types of contaminants. Finally, recommendations and suggestions are put forward for the future development of biochar. In summary, biochar has broad application prospects as a popular adsorption material for the adsorption and removal of contaminants. According to different types of contaminants, a specific modification method can be selected for biochar to achieve the best effect of removing target contaminants.
Targeting of microvillus protein Eps8 by the NleH effector kinases from enteropathogenic
E. coli
Authors: Pollock Georgina L. , Grishin Andrey M. , Giogha Cristina , Gan Jiyao , Oates Clare V. , McMillan Paul J. , Gaeta Isabella , Tyska Matthew J. , Pearson Jaclyn S. , Scott Nichollas E. , Cygler Miroslaw , Hartland Elizabeth L.
Published: August 2022

Attaching and effacing (AE) lesion formation on enterocytes by enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) requires the EPEC type III secretion system (T3SS). Two T3SS effectors injected into the host cell during infection are the atypical kinases, NleH1 and NleH2. However, the host targets of NleH1 and NleH2 kinase activity during infection have not been reported. Here phosphoproteomics identified Ser775 in the microvillus protein Eps8 as a bona fide target of NleH1 and NleH2 phosphorylation. Both kinases interacted with Eps8 through previously unrecognized, noncanonical “proline-rich” motifs, PxxDY, that bound the Src Homology 3 (SH3) domain of Eps8. Structural analysis of the Eps8 SH3 domain bound to a peptide containing one of the proline-rich motifs from NleH showed that the N-terminal part of the peptide adopts a type II polyproline helix, and its C-terminal “DY” segment makes multiple contacts with the SH3 domain. Ser775 phosphorylation by NleH1 or NleH2 hindered Eps8 bundling activity and drove dispersal of Eps8 from the AE lesion during EPEC infection. This finding suggested that NleH1 and NleH2 altered the cellular localization of Eps8 and the cytoskeletal composition of AE lesions during EPEC infection.
A dysregulated sebum–microbial metabolite–IL-33 axis initiates skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Qiu Zhuoqiong , Zhu Zhenlai , Liu Xiaochun , Chen Baichao , Yin Huibin , Gu Chaoying , Fang Xiaokai , Zhu Ronghui , Yu Tianze , Mi Wenli , Zhou Hong , Zhou Yufeng , Yao Xu , Li Wei
Published: August 2022

Microbial dysbiosis in the skin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD); however, whether and how changes in the skin microbiome initiate skin inflammation, or vice versa, remains poorly understood. Here, we report that the levels of sebum and its microbial metabolite, propionate, were lower on the skin surface of AD patients compared with those of healthy individuals. Topical propionate application attenuated skin inflammation in mice with MC903-induced AD-like dermatitis by inhibiting IL-33 production in keratinocytes, an effect that was mediated through inhibition of HDAC and regulation of the AhR signaling pathway. Mice lacking sebum spontaneously developed AD-like dermatitis, which was improved by topical propionate application. A proof-of-concept clinical study further demonstrated the beneficial therapeutic effects of topical propionate application in AD patients. In summary, we have uncovered that the dysregulated sebum–microbial metabolite–IL-33 axis might play an initiating role in AD-related skin inflammation, thereby highlighting novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD.
Superconductivity in non-centrosymmetric ZrNiAl and HfRhSn-type compounds
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Luo Shuai-Shuai , Du Feng , Su Hang , Zhang Jiawen , Cao Chao , Yuan H Q
Published: August 2022

We report the discovery of superconductivity in non-centrosymmetric compounds HfNiAl, ZrNiAl, ZrNiGa, and HfPtAl by measuring their electrical transport and thermodynamic properties. HfNiAl, ZrNiAl, and ZrNiGa crystallize in the ZrNiAl-type crystal structure, whereas HfPtAl crystallizes in the HfRhSn-type crystal structure. Superconducting transitions for HfNiAl, ZrNiAl, ZrNiGa, and HfPtAl are observed at 1.0 K, 1.0 K, 0.42 K, and 0.58 K, respectively. Using the Werthamer–Helfand–Hohenberg model, the zero-temperature upper critical fields µ
0H

c
2

(0) were estimated to be 0.58 T, 0.24 T, 0.08 T, and 0.34 T for HfNiAl, ZrNiAl, ZrNiGa, and HfPtAl, respectively. The observed jump in electronic heat capacity (

Δ

C

e

/

γ
T

) across the superconducting transition is 1.3, 1.3, and 1.2 for HfNiAl, ZrNiAl, and HfPtAl, respectively. After the inclusion of the spin–orbit coupling in the band structure calculations, a total of six bands for ZrNiAl, HfPtAl, and ZrNiGa, and eight bands for HfNiAl were found to cross the Fermi level. Spin–orbit coupling induced maximum splitting (

Δ

E

ASOC

/k
B
T
c) of the electronic bands near the Fermi level was found to be 1697, 517, 1138, and 4230 for HfNiAl, ZrNiAl, ZrNiGa, and HfPtAl, respectively. Large variation of the antisymmetric spin–orbit coupling (ASOC) among these compounds provides a great opportunity to study the effects of ASOC on the superconducting pairing states.
Toroidal rotation dynamics in KSTAR ohmic plasmas
Authors: Lee S.G. , Seol J. , Lee H.H.
Published: August 2022

Toroidal rotation dynamics without any external torque sources in KSTAR ohmic L-mode discharges is investigated. The KSTAR ohmic plasmas mostly flow in the counter-current direction and the toroidal rotation velocity increases as the plasma density rises. The measured radial electric field in T-10 ohmic plasmas is generally negative and its magnitude increases as the density rises (Melnikov et al 2013 Nucl. Fusion
53 093019). A theoretical picture is introduced in this study to explain how the radial electric field and the toroidal rotation change with the same tendency. The radial electric field can be built up to satisfy the ambipolarity condition and ultimately rotate the plasmas in the toroidal direction.
Voltage and Active Power Management Control of PV Source Distributed Generations under Unbalanced Voltage of Non-islanded Microgrid
Authors: Wan Abdullah Wan Azman , Ahmad Abu Zaharin
Published: August 2022

Key solution for future electrical power generation depends on alternative energy such as Solar Energy and renewable energy. Solar energy can be harvested by using a fast growing technique like Photovoltaic Plants (PV) in order to fulfill the demand of electrical energy. Proportional Integral Derivative Controller (PID controller) is added together with power electronic components such as boost converter combined with suitable controller of different maximum power point tracking techniques (MPPT) combined to optimized the PV system. In this paper, sudden irradiance and cell temperature variations are the variable input tested on grid PV systems modeled in MATLAB SIMULINK software. Incremental Conductance PID Controller with the trial and error method is used randomly in order to have good and efficient of transmission of energy and avoiding the unbalance voltage at the same time enhancing the protection system from bad disturbances. The stability of the system is checked to counter various irradiance and temperature in order to have a balance voltage and optimum energy. The new controller then been compared with previous literature in order to ensure the designed controller operating following the state of boundary and limitation of the operation.
Solar-powered Mosquito Trap with Air Quality Monitoring
Authors: Sulong Ahmad Armin , Adiimah Raja Aris Raja Siti Nur , Aw Suzanna Ridzuan , Azimi Farah Hanan , Syafie Lia Safiyah
Published: August 2022

Mosquito pest control is a recurring matter that requires constant monitoring and attainment. This is due to the creature being able to spread various deadly diseases and mosquitoes are responsible for the death of one million people every year. The conventional prevention methods of using insecticides and bug zappers are somewhat less effective and affect the environment in various ways such as the extinction of beneficial insects, the biological evolution of mosquitoes, and climate changes. In this study, a solar-powered mosquito trap is created to trap mosquitoes by sucking them in using a fan while being attracted to a built-in LED to lure them into the trap. An air quality monitor is equipped to observe the change of temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) of the surroundings and as a method to centralize the installation of the trap. The monitor display and air quality data retrieval are processed by an Arduino microcontroller. In the prototype observation, it was shown that the temperature increased proportional to CO2 concentration. The power efficiency of this device increased by 30% when using a solar panel. At optimal sunlight exposure and adequate battery capacity, the device would run for more than 24 hours and would get charged instantly on the next day when sunlight is present.
Performance Analysis of Different Shielding Material for A 100W Wireless Power Transfer System
Authors: Mahadi Ismail Ahmat , Yahaya Jabbar Al-Fattah
Published: August 2022

To improve the efficiency and performance of the wireless power transfer system (WPT), the core material or the coil shielding material must be selected appropriately due to its significant factors to the system. This paper discusses the importance of using coil shielding and the types of material that is suitable to increase the performance of WPT system. The simulation was carried out using 3D finite element analysis called JMAG-Designer. The purpose of using shielding material in a coil is to redirect the magnetic field generated from the primary to the secondary coil. The result and analysis shows that soft magnetic material (ferrite core) used as core shielding is suitable for WPT application. It increases the power transferred and performance efficiency of the system. Compared to the other shield materials, the usage of ferrite core is found to increase the WPT efficiency up to 92%.
Arcing Faults Detection in Switchgear with Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Ishak Sanuri , Koh S.P. , Tan Jian Ding , Tiong Sieh Kiong , Chen Chai Phing , Yaw C.T.
Published: August 2022

The robustness of switchgears has critical impacts on the general efficiency of power distribution systems. Faulty switchgears lead to many unwanted complications for utility bodies, which in turn lead to even bigger issues. In this paper, a remote arcing fault sensing technique is proposed using ELM. By analysing the sonic waves emitted, the proposed method is capable to detect possible arcing faults in switchgears. Tests and experiments have been conducted to investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm in detecting these arcing faults. The obtained results are analysed in time and frequency domains. In the time domain analysis, the results show 93.75% success rate in training stage, 95.83% in validation stage, and 87.5% in testing stage. In the frequency domain analysis, the results show 93.75% success rate in training stage, 91.67% in validation stage, and 100% success rate in testing stage. It is thus concluded that the proposed algorithm is capable to identify arcing faults in switchgears.
Effect of Single and Multi-Direction Coil for Differential Probe on Depth Crack Defect Measurement with Different Excitation Frequency Selection in Eddy Current Inspection
Authors: Mohamad Ahmad Joraimee , Ali Kharudin , Rifai Damhuji
Published: August 2022

In recent years, a number of studies in Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) have been conducted on the sensitivity of probes in assessing the depth of cracks based on input stimulation. Range frequency and crack depth have been suggested as relevant features for input excitation waveform forms. The construction of an encircling coil for a differential probe (ECDP) and an encircling coil for an absolute probe (ECAP) was discussed in this paper. For the defect, the Multi-Frequency (MF) measuring method was used to compare ECDP with single direction and multi-direction turn coil growth. The measurement method was based on the coupling of ECDP and ECAP. By comparing the resulting signal between the probes, it is clear that the ECDP (with longitudinal and transverse coils) is very effective in measuring the various types of defects in the frequency ranges. The ideal excitation frequencies for inspection testing are 30kHz and 60kHz.
Over Voltage and Under Voltage Protection System Using IoT
Authors: Mohamed Ayub Mohd Anuar Bin , Shaharuddin Mohd Rizal , Hussian Ammar Husaini , Mok Hat Afidatul Nadia , Muhammad Zalizan Muhammad Iffat Hakimi , Wan Shaaidi Wan Raihan
Published: August 2022

Sudden fluctuation in voltage may cause a serious problem in industries and home appliances. These fluctuations may significantly impact the power quality as well as the reliability of other voltage controlling devices. However, this paper discussed about designing for under voltage and over voltage protection to protect and extend the lifespan of home, office and industrial equipments. The AC voltage sensor module ZMPT101B is used in detecting a voltage of -6% of the rated voltage and it is recognized as under voltage while 10% of the rated voltage is recognized as upper voltage. The rated voltage of single phase is normally supply 230 V. Moreover, the sensor is attached with ESP 8266 WiFi platform so that the user can observe the voltage condition through Blynk application. As a conclusion, the combination of voltage protection system through Internet of Thing (IoT) device may contribute to the user.
Application Contingency Analysis of An IEEE 30 Bus System Using Matpower
Authors: Abedin Tarek , Aini Nur , Sivanyanam Dheena Dhayani A/P , Pasupuleti Jagadeesh
Published: August 2022

Contingency analysis is significant for power system protection. Internal component failures or external causes such as lightning and equipment overloading can cause power system contingencies. Multiple outage scenarios are crucial in today’s deregulated environment for how the transmission network is utilized. The transmission network is highly pressured due to rising load demand and the need to operate economically. Contingency analysis of an IEEE 30 bus system is provided in this article utilizing Matpower software, which includes the source code. Matlab and Matpower are suggested as platforms for developing a screening process that examines the severity of each non-islanding branch failure, generator outage, MVA, and voltage violation. The generator terminal voltages will be permitted to fluctuate between 0.95 per unit and 1.05 per unit, as specified in the case30 input data files, to provide a broader practical zone. The performance index (PI) value is generated by adding the apparent performance index and the voltage performance index to rank the severity of the line outages. For the extreme contingency situation, a load flow study was performed. The four most severe scenarios, generator 22, generator 13, generator outage 23, and branch outage 28, should be constantly monitored to keep the electrical system safe.
Development of Dual-Mode Grass Cutter Robot
Authors: Che Man ‘Ain Eazriena , Ridzuan Aw Suzanna , Rahman Nazry Abd , Adiimah Raja Aris Raja Siti Nur , Syafie Lia Safiyah , Othman Mohd Hafiz , Mohd Nor Arfah Syahida , Izzati Shuhaimi Nur A’in
Published: August 2022

A grass cutter is a machine that uses a revolving blade or blades to cut a lawn grass. Many designs have been made, each suited to a particular purpose and this robot used string trimmer as the cutting blade. This robot is designed to operate by a rechargeable battery and can be described as an intelligent robot because the micro-controller will receive information from sensors connected to it in avoiding obstacle to ensure a neat pattern of cut and use the information to actuate the left and right motors driving the wheels and the centre motor driving string trimmer and at the same time it obeys all parameters of work and its program database. As it is well known that random motion for a lawn mower would sometimes lead to uncovered spaced, it all depends on how random is random. Few features were added with more advanced option which allows the user to manually control the lawn mower with a PS2 controller. This, in fact, where the user can manually control the grass cutting robot that looks like a tank. The data analysis was listed in the table to test the development of grass cutter. This robot is safe to use, environmental friendly, easy to operate, and have various modes such as manual and automated mode.
IoT Base on Air and Sound Pollution Monitoring System
Authors: Mok Hat Afidatul Nadia , Wan Syahidah W.M. , Zuhelmi C.W.Y.C.W. , Atan F. , Khadijah S.
Published: August 2022

Air and sound are major constituents for having adverse and harmful effects on environment as well on human being. However, to monitor this pollution is a difficult task because authorities need to visit the site to collect the data. This paper present IoT base on air and sound pollution monitoring system. A prototype of this system is developed to monitor the condition of the air and sound by using the online software which is the Thinger IO platform. ESP 8266 LoLin is used as the microcontroller which is connected to the Wi-Fi module by using the Arduino programming. This system allows user to monitor condition of the air and sound through a simple web application or by LCD display. Therefore, the user can analyse and compare the air and sound pollution between two company. By further modification, in future work, monitoring pollution with larger data will be accomplished.
Piezoelectric transducer comparison for vibrational motion energy harvesting
Authors: Nek Daud Nik Fakhri , Ghoni Ruzlaini , Ibrahim Mohd Tarmizi , Wan Shaaidi Wan Raihan
Published: August 2022

Mechanical waste energy can be used to generate naturally responsive power. Vibration is a frequent type of mechanical energy source. This work describes the use of unimorph, bimorph, and ceramic disc piezoelectric transducers to capture vibrational motion energy to fulfil the energy requirements of mobile electronic gadgets. The piezoelectric transducer is one of the most widely utilised mechanisms for vibration energy collecting due to its design versatility. The ability to collect vibration energy from motorcycle engines was conceptually and experimentally assessed on different motorcycle engine speeds, frequency and comparable time length, acceleration, and output voltages. The study’s goal was to empirically confirm the idea that bimorph piezoelectric transducers outperform unimorph and ceramic disc piezoelectric transducers. We also show that increased motor speeds and varied frequencies provided to the output voltage production.
Improving Euler Method using Centroidal-Polygon Scheme for Better Accuracy in Resistor-Capacitor Circuit Equation
Authors: Zulkifli Nur Shahirah , Samsudin Nooraida , Yusof N M M
Published: August 2022

A first-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a function with two variables defined in the xy-axis of a field. Various numerical methods, such as the Euler method, Runge-Kutta method, Heun’s method and others, are used to solve ODEs, with varying computational costs and accuracy. The Euler method can only solve the first derivative equation with the simplest implementation at the lowest cost of computation, but it produces less accurate results. This research focuses on improving the Euler method to increase its accuracy. A new scheme called Centroidal-Polygon (CP) is used in this study. The CP scheme is tested on the Resistor-Capacitor (RC) circuit equation to ensure that it can be used in fields other than mathematics and computation. The RC circuit equation is used to compute maximum error and assess the accuracy of the CP scheme and its counterparts. The circuit equation’s accuracy in the RC circuit equation is determined by the time constant (τ). This research used Scilab 6.0 software to analyze the maximum error. The performance of the CP scheme was compared to the Polygon, Harmonic-Polygon, and Cube-Polygon schemes, which are all enhanced Euler methods. The results show that the CP scheme achieves higher accuracy while requiring less computing time. In future studies, the CP scheme will be applied to the RCL circuit equation and second-order ODE to ensure the CP scheme can be used in all applications.
Preserving Data Privacy in Mobile Cloud Computing using Enhanced Homomorphic Encryption Scheme
Authors: Oh Ee Nah , Baharon Mohd Rizuan , Yassin S M W M S M M , Idris Ariff , MacDermott Aine
Published: August 2022

Mobile cloud-based data collection allows users’ related information to be collected, processed and stored efficiently and instantaneously. Nevertheless, such data collection approach has a drawback of data confidentiality and user’s privacy. Outsourcing users’ related information attracts unforeseen attackers to steal such information for their own benefits. Thus, this paper proposes a mobile cloud-based privacy-preserving data collection approach that allows end-users to provide a response based on information, which related to their personal life information in a privacy-preserving manner. In addition, this approach guarantees user’s information to be stored securely so as to prevent the data from being tempered easily. This approach uses a Homomorphic Cryptosystem protect the data. Such a cryptosystem allows data processing on the collected data to without decrypting. Such a technique is good to protect the privacy of the data owner. Finally, the result of the proposed scheme is evaluated thoroughly to compare the efficiency with the state-of-art scheme. The result illustrates the proposed scheme provides increased delay efficiency up to 170% compare to other method. Such increment has confirmed that the proposed approach is more suited to operate data collection approach in a mobile cloud computing.
Modelling Baby’s Health Management System Using Rule-Based Algorithm
Authors: Ismail Rohana binti , Abd. Wahab Fauziah Binti , Wan Awang Wan Suryani Binti , Azizan Azilawati binti , Binti Rusli Intan Shafiza
Published: August 2022

In Malaysia, the growth of a new-born baby is recorded in a health handbook. The data in the handbook is consistently monitored through the information attained by nurses and doctors. Details such as the baby’s weight, height, immunization schedule and growth development are all recorded into the handbook. On that account, the handbook needs to be brought when having an appointment as it is recorded manually and handwritten by nurses and doctors alike. However, in some cases the probability of losing the handbook is high, hence important information such as the child’s appointment dates and health data can be overlooked and missed by parents and caregivers. Moreover, with the loss of key data, parents may face difficulties identifying symptoms that might present on their baby. Therefore, this study has developed a system to record all of the necessary data. It was modelled using a rule-based algorithm to assess the condition of a baby based on their symptoms, the system includes a postpartum confinement module to support mother’s regarding their postpartum confinement practices. The system also serves as a reminder for parents regarding their baby’s next vaccination appointment. Results shows that the system is able to improve the disadvantages of the old manual approach, allowing for maximum data storage while reducing data entering discrepancies. By using a rule-based approach, the system can model a baby’s health state and keep track of immunisation schedules as well as deliver friendly reminders to parents and caregivers if the need arises.
Analysis of the Lowest Memory Consumption (Memory Usage) Through Running Different Cryptography Techniques for Different Types of Images
Authors: Alshannaq Osama , Baharon Mohd Rizuan , Jamil Alsayaydeh Jamil Abedalrahim , Hammouda Montaser B A , Hammouda Khalid , Nawafleh Mohammad Mahmoud , Rahman A I A
Published: August 2022

Nowadays security of image communication systems is highly important. It is essential to provide protection for image data confidentiality from illegal users. The detection and identification of unauthorized users is still a difficult and complex task. Many researchers have proposed several works to provide security of the transmission of the image. The objective of this article is to provide a comparative study of the current techniques that have been widely used. This article concentrates on various types of cryptography algorithms that are existing, like AES, MAES, DES, 3DES, RSA, and Blowfish, and investigation the lowest energy consumption (memory usage) through running several cryptographic algorithms on different image formatting.
JumPark Bah!©: Utilizing Smart City Infrastructure in Parking Management System for Kota Kinabalu Smart City
Authors: Khamis Norazlina , Rosli Sarah Nafisa , Tahir Asni
Published: August 2022

Kota Kinabalu (KK) is one of the pilot cities to implement smart city infrastructure in Malaysia. Given this privilege, lots of apps are needed to enable the city folks taking advantage of the highspeed bandwidth infrastructure. One of it is moving towards smart environment and smart government through supporting the green environment and cashless payment system for parking purposes. This paper describes the effort on the development of an apps, JumPark Bah! as an alternative to the current coupon-based parking system handled by the local authorities, Kota Kinabalu City Hall (KKCH). The current approach is quite cumbersome for KK city folks as they need to have a valid parking coupon displayed on the dashboard to park their car around KK city area. They must be able to correctly estimate the parking time or else summon will be issued if the parking time is exceeded. As for the KKCH, they need to assign many parking attendants for checking and validating the parking session. Thus, JumPark Bah! has been proposed as an alternative solution for KKCH by utilizing the concept of cashless payment parking system and is able to minimize the above-mentioned issues. The apps consist of a mobile application (for citizen and parking attendant) and the web-based system (for admin, i.e., KKCH). The web-based system allows the authority to monitor the fees, generate a report and even updates the user through announcement and news functionality. Based on the user evaluation using System Usability Scale (SUS), it has been found that JumPark Bah! has achieved 71.06% score which exceed the 68% score for good usability target.
The Implementation of Intelligent Traffic Management System in Solving Traffic Congestion: A Survey of Federal Route 3214
Authors: Zamri Muhammad Ariff , Hamzah Noorfaizah
Published: August 2022

Due to advancements in the automobile industry’s technology, the usage of private vehicles, particularly cars, by civilians has grown widespread in this period of globalization. Moreover, the country’s business and trade procedures are improving year after year. This scenario has resulted in significant traffic congestion, air pollution, and inevitable accidents, especially on the Shah Alam-Puchong Highway. As a result, the government proposed the Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS) utilising the Internet of Things (IoT) as an alternative to extending the road system, which may be expensive. This method assists authorities in tracking, monitoring, processing, and managing traffic more effectively, therefore reducing traffic congestion concerns. This study report presents a survey on the effectiveness of the ITMS installation on Federal Route 3214 (Shah Alam-Puchong Highway) in reducing traffic congestion. The information gathered is evaluated using Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The factors that contribute to traffic congestion and the mean impact of the traffic congestion on road users, society, and the economy of the Shah Alam-Puchong Highway are determined in this study. Furthermore, this study also evaluates the probabilities of IoT hardware utilisation in ITMS at Shah Alam-Puchong Highway.
Stability of coral reef islands and associated legal maritime zones in a changing ocean
Authors: Fellowes Thomas E , Anggadi Frances , Byrne Maria , Vila-Concejo Ana , Bruce Eleanor , Baker Elaine
Published: August 2022

Coral reef islands can support large legal maritime zones (i.e. ocean spaces where States have rights and responsibilities) and are of international and geopolitical importance. This review focuses on low-lying coral reef islands supplied with sediments derived from skeletons and shells of calcifying organisms. For coral islands, the outer ‘low-water line’ of the reef can be used as the legal ‘baseline’ to establish maritime zones. Coral islands and the reefs that support them are experiencing the effects of rising and warming seas, increased storminess and ocean acidification. Coral reefs, their islands and associated maritime zones support millions of people, including those in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). SIDS communities are arguably the least responsible for climate change but are at the forefront of its impacts so ensuring their continued wellbeing is a global responsibility. Securing the future of coral reefs and islands is dependent on reducing global climate threats and emissions, improving local management, and investing in restoration and adaption research. It is uncertain if coral islands will persist into the future, and on what timelines. This raises questions such as, where coral islands support maritime zones, what are the legal implications of island instability or loss? This review focuses on the bio-physical interactions of coral islands and associated reefs in the face of changing climates, and implications for legal maritime zones and SIDS.
Dynamical phase transitions in annihilating random walks with pair deposition
Authors: Schütz G M , Karevski D
Published: August 2022

Exact results are presented for conditioned dynamics in a system of interacting random walks in one dimension that annihilate immediately when two particles meet on the same site and where pairs of particles are deposited randomly on neighbouring sites. For an atypical hopping activity one finds dynamical nonequilibrium phase transitions analogous to the zero-temperature equilibrium phase transitions that appear in the spin-1/2 quantum XY spin chain in a transverse magnetic field. Along the critical line the approach of the particle density to its stationary value is algebraic with an unexpected mean field exponent. The time-dependent local stationary density correlations are universal with dynamical exponent z = 1. Inside the disordered phase spatially oscillating correlations appear below the typical activity.
Study on numerical calculation of flow structures in a curved open channel with advanced depth-integrated models
Authors: Lugina F P , Uchida T , Kawahara Y
Published: August 2022

A better understanding of flow structures distribution in rivers is crucial to determine the safety degree of rivers. A practical and reliable model is required to overcome the issue of the long computational time of a three-dimensional calculation model and the lack of computation detail of a two-dimensional calculation model for flow structures distribution simulation in rivers. This paper presented an advanced depth-integrated numerical calculation method called the bottom velocity calculation (BVC) to reproduce the flow structures in a curved open channel. BVC method is an integrated multiscale simulation of flows in rivers that can evaluate vertical distributions of velocities and bottom velocity distributions by introducing depth-averaged horizontal vorticity and horizontal momentum equations on a water surface. It has several models, such as simplified bottom velocity calculation (SBVC) with shallow water assumption and general bottom velocity calculation (GBVC) method without the assumptions. The advantages of the BVC method, including SBVC and GBVC models, are validated in this paper using experimental datasets of a curved open channel and compared to two-dimensional and three-dimensional models. The results show that the BVC method has good reproducibility to simulate the flow structures distribution in the channel.
The Effect of Non-Linear Wave on Oil Spill Dispersion
Authors: Muin M , Muslim A B , Puspitasari T A
Published: August 2022

On 31 March 2018, an oil spill accident polluted Balikpapan Bay. A failure occurred in a pipeline running from Penajam to Balikpapan Oil Refinery, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Leaking pipeline caused the total estimated volume of leaked oil to approximate 44,000 Barrels of crude oil. MoTuM was used to simulate the dispersion of oil in the area. The modeling results indicate that a strong dynamic tidal current in the Bay controls the oil’s movement. The MoTuM software is suitable for spill combating, contingency plans, and backtracking. MoTuM is developed in Windows System, which integrates 3D Non-Orthogonal Boundary Fitted Ocean Hydrodynamics Model, Trajectory, Fates, Stochastic, Backtracking in Geographic Information System. This paper presents a further study of the effect of non-linear waves on the dispersion of oil in the Bay. The simulation results were validated by comparing the model with a satellite image. The agreement between the result of simulation and satellite image is excellent and shows that the non-linear wave is an essential factor for oil spill dispersion.
Earthquake Risk Study on Residential Buildings in West Jakarta using the Event-Based Risk Analysis Method
Authors: Lambang-Goro G , Irsyam M , Asrurifak M , Meilano I
Published: August 2022

UNISDR (United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction) states that Indonesia is in the third-highest rank after Japan and the United States for the average economic loss due to earthquakes. Previous earthquake risk studies conducted by the National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB) in 2011 renewed in 2016 both in the form of risk indexes have yet taken into account the vulnerability function of buildings, so that economic loss has not been presented quantitatively. This research aims to analyse earthquake risk in urban areas (West Jakarta Municipality) using the Event-Based Risk Analysis method by applying several factors including: earthquake source updates, GMPE, site-specific, exposure and building vulnerability functions. Hazard and risk analyses have been conducted for the probability of exceedance (PoEs) 10% and 2% in 50 years. Moreover, risk analysis was conducted for residential buildings exposure. The results predict that the lowest total building loss due to the earthquake per district is around 8.1 million USD and the highest loss is 15.5 million USD at a PoEs 10% in 50 years. Whereas for the PoEs 2% in 50 years, the lowest total loss was 14.86 million USD whilst the highest total loss was 25 million USD.
Cohesive Sediment Simulation in Kanal Banjir Barat Using MuSed3D, Non-Orthogonal Boundary Fitted Sediment Transport Model
Authors: Yatmadi Denny , Muin Muslim , Tawekal Ricky L , Alam Heru Nur , Muslim Arung Bahari
Published: August 2022

Fine-grained cohesive sediments dominate sedimentation in the lowland area. In the Density Induced Current process, where seawater intrusion occurs, the fine-grained cohesive sediment will be easily flocculated by saltwater and settles rapidly. There are complex problems related to sedimentation in the rivers of Jakarta in the downstream area, which is influenced by tides and the dominance of cohesive sediment. Due to the complex process in the estuary, salinity intrusion will affect the settling velocity. And then, the flocculation process, the river’s geometry, will also affect sediment deposition. A proper model is needed to simulate the sedimentation in this area. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of cohesive sedimentation using 3D hydrodynamic and sediment transport model called MuSed 3D. This model will be applied to the Kanal Banjir Barat (KBB) river, Jakarta. The model result shows salinity values in the range of field observations for TSS and salinity. Salinity model present from 1 till 10 ppt and TSS present from 9,8 until 14,2 ppm. This study concludes that the dispersion of sediment cohesive on river and estuary affected by Density Induced Current also depends on salinity and TSS value.
The challenges of implementing green factors in urban greening schemes in Indonesia
Authors: Dahlan M Z , Faisal B , Chaeriyah S , Hutriani I W , Amelia M
Published: August 2022

Recently, new planning tools have emerged to support urban landscape planners in achieving sustainability through optimizing the urban greening scheme. Some cities have approved the green factor tool to increase the quantity and quality of urban green spaces. This greening scheme is considered suitable for a relatively dense city where challenging to provide adequate urban green areas. This short communication challenges the usefulness of the green factor tool and how it relates to the existing urban green space planning procedures through a qualitative case study in Jakarta, Indonesia. The result shows that while the green factor tool performs well, improvements could be made primarily in convincing stakeholders regarding the new paradigm in calculating green areas in relatively dense urban areas. Furthermore, trials in actual cases need to be carried out to examine the formula’s effectiveness. Regarding the usefulness of this tool, we conclude that while increasing the number of green areas, improving its quality is more necessary to build resilient infrastructures.
The use of deflection bowl parameters to evaluate the structural condition of the North Coast Corridor of Java Island
Authors: Setiadji B H , Indriastuti A K , Rivani Y
Published: August 2022

Monitoring the structural condition of the pavement is a very important process to be carried out periodically because it can estimate the damage that occurs as early as possible. However, this process is still constrained due to the limited non-destructive pavement response measuring instrument available and the lack of expertise in analyzing the structural condition of the road from the results of field measurements. Currently, the deflection bowl parameter method is one of the methods developed in research in South Africa to provide a more user-friendly method in determining the indication of the bearing capacity of the pavement layers. The use of this method in Indonesia is still limited, so this study aimed to evaluate the suitability of its use on roads in Indonesia. For this purpose, deflection data was collected from several arterial roads on the North Coast of Java Island. The study resulted that the deflection bowl parameter method generally can be applied to roads in Indonesia. However, the method has to be used with caution because of the complexity of the pavement structure layers on the North Coast Road of Java Island, especially for the layers that have undergone major repairs. In addition, the benchmarking process for the deflection bowl parameter criteria also only applied to roads with medium traffic load repetitions (up to 50 million ESAL), so upgrading the limit of the traffic load of the parameters was required so that the parameters could be used for roads with very high traffic load repetition as the one at the North Coast corridor.