bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal distribution of the North American Indigenous population prior to European contact
Authors: Kelly Robert L. , Mackie Madeline E. , Pelton Spencer R. , Robinson Erick
Published: February 2025

We examine spatiotemporal trends in the pre-European-contact Indigenous population of North America using radiocarbon (
14
C) dates of the past 2000 y. At a continental scale, the Indigenous population of the past ~14,000 y peaked at ~1150 CE and then declined until a brief recovery shortly before 1500 CE, after which
14
C probability declines precipitously. After testing, we reject the hypothesis that the 1150 CE peak and decline is a result of
14
C sampling issues. We then examine the
14
C record of the past 2000 y in each of 18 watersheds where we find peaks ranging from ~800 to 770 CE to after European contact, with the majority, in the interior of the continent, declining ~1080 to 1300 CE. Although all Indigenous populations declined after European contact, that of a large portion of the country (the Great Lakes, New England, the Mid-Atlantic, the Central Plains, the Northwest, and California) did not decline until after contact.
A double-edged sword
Authors: Alves Vieira Eduardo
Published: February 2025

This article examines Brazil’s LGBTQIA+ Inclusive Churches movement, focusing on the online discourse of the
Igreja Cristã Contemporânea (“Contemporary Christian Church”), supposedly the country’s most welcoming
religious space for LGBTQIA+ individuals. Employing a Foucauldian Critical Discourse Analysis, it studies how the church’s
discourse can help naturalize normative ideas of LGBTQIA+ identities. Data is retrieved from the church’s website, a series of
eight YouTube videos, and their comment sections. Results indicate that despite welcoming LGBTQIA+ believers and acting as an
inclusive religious space, the church follows prescriptive behaviors rooted in cis-het and homonormativity. Regardless of its
LGBTQIA+ positive self-representation and ingroup affirmation approach, the church propagates a “queer” discourse embedded in
traditional beliefs toward sexual relationships and practices, marriage, and parochial obedience.
Spin–orbit torque in a three-fold-symmetric bilayer and its effect on magnetization dynamics
Authors: Fang Wuzhang , Schwartz Edward , Kovalev Alexey A , Belashchenko K D
Published: February 2025

Field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization has previously been observed in an epitaxial L11-ordered CoPt/CuPt bilayer and attributed to spin–orbit torque (SOT) arising from the crystallographic 3m point group of the interface. Using a first-principles nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism combined with the Anderson disorder model, we calculate the angular dependence of the SOT in a CoPt/CuPt bilayer and find that the magnitude of the 3m SOT is about 20% of the conventional dampinglike SOT. We further study the magnetization dynamics in perpendicularly magnetized films in the presence of 3m SOT and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, using the equations of motion for domain wall dynamics and micromagnetic simulations. For systems where strong interfacial DMI results in the Néel character of domain walls, we find that a very large current density is required to achieve deterministic switching, because reorientation of the magnetization inside the domain wall is necessary to induce the switching asymmetry. For thicker films with relatively weak interfacial DMI and the Bloch character of domain walls, deterministic switching is possible at much smaller current densities, which may explain the recent experimental findings.
Non-equilibrium spin dynamics of the frustrated trication spinel ZnMnCoO4 in the hierarchical free-energy framework
Authors: Roy-Chowdhury Mouli , Sarkar Tapati , Weise Bruno , Sang Choi Eun , Wen Zhenchao , Thota Subhash
Published: February 2025

Short-range spin correlations, memory and rejuvenation effects have been reported in the trication oxispinel ZnMnCoO4 whose low-temperature spin dynamics, triggered by magnetic frustration (

f

r

∼

6), could be better explained by the ‘phenomenological’ hierarchical free-energy model than the short-range droplet theory. Accordingly, the aging mechanism of the system had an asymmetric memory response to the positive and negative thermal cycles within the cluster-glass state (

T
<

32.6 K) and demonstrated a hierarchical organization of the phase space where its metastable energy states undergo continuous splitting with decreasing temperature. An attempt to reproduce the time evolution of the isothermal remanent magnetization in the system led to an investigation of various relaxation models featuring semi-logarithmic, algebraic, fractional or stretched-exponential tails. Nevertheless, Weron’s probabilistic relaxation model (here, the fractal character

β
∼

0.4, the hierarchical constraint

k
>

0, and the order parameter

q
(
T
∼
0.12

T

S
G

) = 1.88) based on a purely stochastic approach, was best suited for understanding the slow spin dynamics of the cluster-glass phase in the entire temporal range. A comprehensive picture of the magnetic phase map was developed for the system, aided by magnetometry techniques and heat-capacity studies.
Visual detection of moving stacked objects based on efficient multi-scale grouping and improved multi-head self-attention
Authors: Fei Sheng-wei , Zhang Hao-jie
Published: February 2025

To address the issue of fruit stacking and obstructing target fruits during daily fruit sorting, this paper presents a novel object detection algorithm that leverages efficient multi-scale grouping and enhanced multi-head self-attention. The proposed target detection algorithm is based on real-time detection transformer (RT-DETR) as the baseline to simplify optimization challenges and enhance robustness. Additionally, we introduce efficient multi-scale attention to preserve channel information, optimize the multi-head self-attention, and adopt cascade grouping to reduce computational redundancy. Furthermore, we use a new loss function (Inner-MPDIoU) combined with a bounding box similarity comparison metric (MPDIoU) and inner idea to enhance the accuracy of detecting moving occluded targets. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimized RT-DETR algorithm achieves an average accuracy of 96.3% in detecting moving stacked fruit models with a detection speed of up to 67 FPS. This confirms the effectiveness of our algorithm in matching and recognizing blocked fruit targets, surpassing common algorithms for recognizing obstructed targets.
A non-rigid automatic registration method of multi-temporal mobile laser scanning point clouds based on road short marking features
Authors: Wang Fei , Liu Guolin , Liu Rufei
Published: February 2025

Because of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal occlusion, inertial measurement unit drift and other factors on positioning, location deviations of multi-temporal mobile laser scanning (MLS) point clouds collected in the same region are always exist. In order to improve the quality of multi-temporal MLS point clouds, it is necessary to correct the location deviations by point cloud registration. This work presents a non-rigid automatic registration method of multi-temporal MLS laser point clouds based on the characteristics of short road markings. Specifically, the central points at both end edges of short road markings were extracted as control points. The correspondences between control points in different point clouds were obtained by KD-tree and optimized by polygon similarity and Otsu methods. Then, based on the GNSS time and coordinate difference of true correspondences, the mathematical model of non-rigid registration adjustment was constructed by combining with gross error detection and polynomial fitting. Finally, multi-temporal MLS point clouds were registered according to the GNSS time and adjustment results. Validation results demonstrate that the registration accuracy reaches up to 2.8 cm. The proposed method provides a new way for high-precision fusion and change detection of multi-temporal MLS point clouds in road scenes.
Optimal linear response for expanding circle maps
Authors: Froyland Gary , Galatolo Stefano
Published: February 2025

We consider the problem of optimal linear response for deterministic expanding maps of the circle. To each infinitesimal perturbation

T
˙

of a circle map T we consider (i) the response of the expectation of an observation function and (ii) the response of isolated spectral points of the transfer operator of T. In each case, under mild conditions on the set of feasible perturbations

T
˙

we show there is a unique optimal feasible infinitesimal perturbation perspective, we remark that even a movemen

T
˙

optimal

, maximising the increase of the expectation of the given observation function or maximising the increase of the spectral gap of the transfer operator associated to the system. We derive expressions for the unique maximiser

T
˙

optimal

in terms of its Fourier coefficients. We also devise a Fourier-based computational scheme and apply it to illustrate our theory.
Transition to GPU-based reconstruction for clinical organ-targeted PET scanner
Authors: Komarov Borys , Maa-Hacquoil Henry , Poladyan Harutyun , Baldassi Brandon , Shahi Anirudh , Anashkin Edward , Bubon Oleksandr , Reznik Alla
Published: February 2025

Objective. This article explores a new graphics processing unit (GPU)-based techniques for efficient image reconstruction in organ-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) scanners with planar detectors. Approach. GPU-based reconstruction is applied to the Radialis low-dose organ-targeted PET technology, developed to overcome the issues of high exposure and limited spatial resolution inherent in traditional whole-body PET/CT (Computed Tomography) scans. The Radialis planar detector technology is based on four-side tileable sensor modules that can be seamlessly combined into a sensing area of the needed size, optimizing the axial field-of-view for specific organs, and maximizing geometric sensitivity. The article explores the transition from central processing unit-based maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithms to a GPU-based counterpart, demonstrating a tenfold overall speedup in image reconstruction with a hundredfold improvement in iteration speed. Main results. Through standardized PET performance tests and clinical image analysis, this work demonstrates that GPU-based image reconstruction maintains diagnostic image quality while significantly reducing reconstruction times. The application of this technology, particularly in breast imaging using the Radialis low-dose positron emission mammography, significantly reduces exam times thus improving patient comfort and throughput in clinical settings. Significance. This study represents an important advancement in the clinical workflow of PET imaging, providing insights into optimizing reconstruction algorithms to effectively leverage the parallel processing capabilities of GPUs.
Drastic effects of N2 addition in the chemical composition of C2H2/Ar glow discharges
Authors: Tanarro Isabel , Peláez Ramón J , Herrero Víctor J
Published: February 2025

The effects of nitrogen on the physicochemical properties of cold acetylene plasmas have been experimentally studied in C2H2/Ar capacitive radio frequency (RF) discharges. Two discharges containing respectively 0.8% and 6.3% N2 in the initial gas mixture were investigated under conditions of incipient polymerization, using mass spectrometry, light scattering, and optical emission spectroscopy. During the initial transient, dust particles, small polyynes, and C2 radicals were found to form and decay in parallel with a steep drop in the C2H2 concentration and an increase in the concentration of hydrogen cyanide, which was more prominent for the 6.3% N2 mixture, and participated actively in the plasma chemistry. Over this time interval, relevant plasma parameters including the electron density and excitation temperature, the self-bias voltage, and the density of electronic excited states of various plasma species were found to undergo sharp variations. After this initial transient, lasting for about 20 s, a steady state was reached with stable plasma properties. Ion distributions were measured in the steady state, where no dust particles remained. The distributions of positive ions were dominated by species with an even number of carbon atoms, reflecting the prevailing polymerization mechanisms. The increase in the N2 concentration from 0.8% to 6.3% led to a decrease in the global cation signal and to a marked growth in the intensity of detected anions. The cation distributions did not change much, but in the anion distributions, the peaks corresponding to the masses of the C2n−1N− (n = 1–4) ions grew by orders of magnitude, in contrast with those of the adjacent C2n
H− peaks, which showed comparatively modest changes. These results could help identify anionic polymerization routes. Note that the two anion families mentioned correspond to the negative ions observed thus far in interstellar and circumstellar media.
Electron density measurements and calculations in a helium capacitively-coupled radio-frequency plasma
Authors: Bentz Brian Z , Hartmann Peter , Derzsi Aranka , Youngman Kevin , Donkó Zoltán
Published: February 2025

We report a comparison of inferred electron density (

n

e

) in a He capacitively-coupled plasma, deduced from laser-collision induced fluorescence measurements, with values computed using a hybrid simulation framework based on particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions simulations and a fluid model for excited He atoms. The studies were carried out for gas pressures between 50 mTorr and 1000 mTorr and peak-to-peak radio-frequency (13.56 MHz) voltages between 150 V and 350 V, in a highly symmetric source equipped with plane-parallel electrodes. A good agreement is found between the experimental and modeling results for

n

e

except at the lowest operating voltages and gas pressures. The (effective) electron temperature (

T

e

) values derived by the two methods agree as well reasonably within the plasma bulk. The simulation results are used to compare the density distributions of He+ and various He excited levels and their major populating and de-populating channels at 100 mTorr and 1000 mTorr.
Dielectric elastomer actuator based mechanical counterpressure space suit cuff
Authors: Veloso Eugenio , Cohen Andy J , Wood Robert J
Published: February 2025

Mechanical counterpressure (MCP) space suits could offer advantages over current gas-pressurized suits in safety, mobility, and decreased suit complexity and volume. However, a passive MCP space suit design poses challenges with donning and doffing as it must be exceedingly tight, requiring 29.6 kPa of MCP. Equipping the suit with wearable active devices, such as an expanding cuff, is a potential solution to this issue. These devices could allow the suit to loosen and tighten to aid in donning and doffing and to conform to changes in body geometry during movement. Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are a promising candidate for the active device element of an MCP space suit design due to their compliance, high energy density, long lifetime, and high bandwidth. The high voltage required to drive DEAs can be reduced by subdividing the dielectric layer of the DEA to create DEA multilayers (DEAMs). This work presents a DEAM-based MCP space suit cuff, a fundamental component of a full suit concept, that applies passive pressure through prestretch and loosens upon actuation for donning, doffing, and during movement. The cuff is fabricated using a batch-spray and stamp technique, and it consists of 24 active layers, each 200 µm in thickness, giving the cuff a total thickness of 6 mm including inactive encapsulation layers. The final cuff design achieves an MCP of 19.52 kPa, a maximum pressure relief of 5.42 kPa, and a response time of 0.7 s. The proposed design can achieve a counterpressure of 29 kPa with a prestretch factor of 2.42. These results demonstrate the capabilities of DEAM-based wearable devices, introducing novel actuation functionality to wearable technology.
Simultaneous determination of two path weak-values with time-dependent phase manipulation in neutron interferometry
Authors: Masiello Ismaele V , Dvorak Andreas , Lemmel Hartmut , Danner Armin , Hasegawa Yuji
Published: February 2025

Weak values are found to play an important role in the study of many fundamental concepts of quantum mechanics. We present a method to simultaneously extract the imaginary part of the weak value of both path operators in a two-path Mach–Zehnder neutron interferometer using time-dependent phases. The measurement does not require spin manipulation, e.g. spin rotation and analysis. The methodology can be extended to an arbitrary number of paths and the working principles are transferable to any other kind of interferometer experiment in which alike time-dependent phases are feasible. Furthermore, we demonstrate a relation among components of path weak values relative to different post-selected states. This relation allows the additional extraction of the real part of both path weak values using the same setup, assuming the relative phase between the states after the different post-selections to be known.
Core Mass Function in View of Fractal and Turbulent Filaments and Fibers
Authors: Liu 刘 Xunchuan 训川 , Liu Tie , Mai Xiaofeng , Cheng Yu , Jiao Sihan , Jiao Wenyu , Liu Hongli , Zhang Siju
Published: February 2025

We propose that the core mass function (CMF) can be driven by filament fragmentation. To model a star-forming system of filaments and fibers, we develop a fractal and turbulent tree with a fractal dimension of 2 and a Larson’s law exponent (β) of 0.5. The fragmentation driven by convergent flows along the splines of the fractal tree yields a Kroupa-IMF-like CMF that can be divided into three power-law segments with exponents α = −0.5, −1.5, and −2, respectively. The turnover masses of the derived CMF are approximately four times those of the Kroupa IMF, corresponding to a star formation efficiency of 0.25. Adopting β = 1/3, which leads to fractional Brownian motion along the filament, may explain a steeper CMF at the high-mass end, with α = −3.33 close to that of the Salpeter IMF. We suggest that the fibers of the tree are basic building blocks of star formation, with similar properties across different clouds, establishing a common density threshold for star formation and leading to a universal CMF.
Jets are the Most Robust Observable Ingredient of Common Envelope Evolution
Authors: Soker Noam
Published: February 2025

I examine images of 50 planetary nebulae (PNe) with observable post-common envelope evolution (CEE) binary central stars and find that jets are about 40% more common than dense equatorial outflows. Because, in some cases, energetic jets can compress an equatorial outflow and because fast jets might disperse early in the PN evolution and avoid detection, the CEE process is likelier to launch jets than to eject a dense equatorial outflow by a larger factor than 1.4. In most cases, the companion, mainly a main sequence star, launches the jets as it accretes mass from the envelope of the giant star. By CEE jets, I also refer to jets launched shortly before the onset of the CEE, likely a grazing envelope evolution phase, and shortly after the CEE. The jets and the accretion of mass by the companion before, during, and after the CEE affect envelope mass removal and the final orbital separation. Most numerical simulations of the CEE ignore jets, and those that include jets omit other processes. Despite the considerable progress in the last decade with tens of hydrodynamical simulations of the CEE, we are still far from correctly simulating the CEE. Including jets in simulations of the CEE requires heavy computer resources, but it must be the next step.
Assessing air pollution exposure disparities in disadvantaged communities of Greater Boston: a new cumulative environmental justice score system
Authors: Do Khanh , Zhang Yang , Ma Siqi , Tong Daniel
Published: February 2025

Disadvantaged communities in the U.S. experience higher levels of air pollution, leading to increased environmental justice (EJ) challenges. In this work, we combine socioeconomic metrics with spatially interpolated fine particulate matter and ozone concentrations from fifty-nine low-cost sensors and nine reference monitors to investigate inequality in air pollution exposure among different population groups in Greater Boston. The results indicate that the disadvantaged groups are exposed to higher levels of air pollution. Air pollution is concentrated in the center of Boston, Cambridge, Chelsea, and Everett, corresponding to high population density and anthropogenic activities. We further assess the environmental equality by reconstructing the EJ map for Massachusetts using median household income, percentage of minority, and percentage of limited English speaking as indicators. The EJ blocks are clustered in large cities across Massachusetts. Many communities in Greater Boston are classified as EJ communities due to the high percentage of minorities. Chelsea and Everett face more severe EJ issues, with most of their communities exceeding multiple EJ indicators. Additionally, we introduce and demonstrate a new method for determining EJ communities by utilizing the multi-criterion framework to calculate the cumulative EJ score for every census block, integrating air quality with socioeconomic indicators, and each indicator can be viewed as a policy action. Chelsea, Everett, and Lynn consistently exhibit the highest EJ scores with no improvements over the years. The EJ score system provides the time evolution to assist authorities and the residents in tracking the progress in improving the EJ scores of their communities. The method indicates the strength of the efforts needed to maintain or improve the EJ scores for achieving better EJ in the communities, allowing authorities to take immediate actions to improve the environmental well-being of vulnerable communities.
A Gigahertz configurable silicon photonic integrated circuit nonlinear interferometer
Authors: Frazer Jonathan , Ono Takafumi , Matthews Jonathan C F
Published: February 2025

Low loss and high-speed processing of photons is important to photonic quantum information technologies. The speed with which quantum light generation can be modulated impacts the clock rate of photonic quantum computers, the data rate of quantum communication and applications of quantum enhanced radio-frequency sensors. Here we use lossy carrier depletion modulators in a silicon waveguide nonlinear interferometer to modulate photon pair generation probability at 1 gigahertz (GHz) without exposing the generated photons to the phase dependent parasitic loss of the modulators. The super sensitivity of nonlinear interferometers reduces power consumption compared to modulating the driving laser. This can be used for high-speed programmable nonlinearity in waveguide networks for quantum technologies and for optical quantum sensors.
IFD-BiC: a class-incremental continual learning method for diesel engine fault diagnosis
Authors: Chen Tianyou , Xiang Yang , Wang Xihan
Published: February 2025

In recent years, deep learning-based fault diagnosis methods for diesel engines have been developed assuming that a comprehensive dataset is available for one-time learning. However, in reality, it is impractical to obtain a complete dataset all at once. Instead, new data is gradually acquired over time. To address this issue, this paper proposes an incremental fault diagnosis method with bias correction (IFD-BiC). When receiving incremental fault data, the IFD-BiC model incorporates new classifier nodes and updates network parameters using a combination of distillation loss and cross-entropy. During the update process, old samples saved in the exemplar set are replayed, and a bias correction layer is used to correct the prediction bias caused by the imbalance between new and old samples. This enables the model to learn new fault tasks without experiencing catastrophic forgetting. To ensure the applicability of the method to various operating conditions of diesel engines, cyclic angular vibration with consistent length at different speeds is used as the model input. Through experimental validation across a pair of distinct diesel engine models, the proposed method achieves highly accurate fault diagnosis on stream format training data. Moreover, an evaluation against leading incremental learning techniques affirms the proposed method’s advantage.
A fault diagnosis model for insulator instance segmentation in transmission lines based on ELD-YOLOv8
Authors: Ren Yiming , Du Dongsheng
Published: February 2025

A novel ELD-YOLOv8n transmission line insulator instance segmentation fault diagnosis model is proposed to accurately and meticulously segment every fault of the transmission line insulator. Firstly, an innovative and efficient lightweight downsampling module (ELD) was proposed, Efficient-Lightweight downsampling, This module is used to replace the standard downsampling unit in the model, which not only reduces the number of model parameters, but also enhances the feature extraction ability of the model. Then, a lightweight CARAFE module was used to replace the upsampling of the model, optimizing the upsampling process and reducing the number of parameters. Finally, CGAFusion is used to fuse the features extracted from the backbone network with the head features, effectively compensating for the information loss caused by the convolution process. The experimental results show that the improved model proposed in this study achieved an mAP@50 of 86.2%. The effectiveness of the improvement and significant instance segmentation fault detection capability have been demonstrated through ablation experiments. This study provides a new technical path for fault diagnosis of insulator instance segmentation in transmission lines.
A generative modeling approach to reconstructing 21 cm tomographic data
Authors: Sabti Nashwan , Purandhar Reddy Sudha Ram , Muñoz Julian B , Mishra-Sharma Siddharth , Youn Taewook
Published: February 2025

Analyses of the cosmic 21 cm signal are hampered by astrophysical foregrounds that are far stronger than the signal itself. These foregrounds, typically confined to a wedge-shaped region in Fourier space, often necessitate the removal of a vast majority of modes, thereby degrading the quality of the data anisotropically. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel deep generative model based on stochastic interpolants to reconstruct the 21 cm data lost to wedge filtering. Our method leverages the non-Gaussian nature of the 21 cm signal to effectively map wedge-filtered 3D lightcones to samples from the conditional distribution of wedge-recovered lightcones. We demonstrate how our method is able to restore spatial information effectively, considering both varying cosmological initial conditions and astrophysics. Furthermore, we discuss a number of future avenues where this approach could be applied in analyses of the 21 cm signal, potentially offering new opportunities to improve our understanding of the Universe during the epochs of cosmic dawn and reionization.

Code, pre-trained models, and scripts for making plots in this paper can be found here.
Duality of Hessian manifolds and optimal transport
Authors: Hultgren Jakob
Published: February 2025

This is an expository paper describing how duality theory for Hessian manifolds provides a natural setting for optimal transport. We explain how this can be used to solve Monge-Ampère equations and survey recent results along these lines with applications to the SYZ-conjecture in mirror symmetry.
A Hilbert bundle approach to the sharp strong openness theorem and the Ohsawa-Takegoshi extension theorem
Authors: Nguyen Tai , Wang Xu
Published: February 2025

The following paper is around parts of the first named author’s thesis. We discuss (what we call) a Hilbert bundle approach to complex Brunn-Minkowski theory and obtain a general monotonicity theorem. As two applications, we prove a generalization of Guan’s sharp strong openness theorem and a sharp Ohsawa-Takegoshi extension theorem. A second proof of Guan-Zhou’s strong openness theorem using a Donnelly-Fefferman estimate is also given.
To the geometry of spaces of plurisubharmonic functions on a Kähler manifold
Authors: Lempert László
Published: February 2025

Consider a compact Kähler manifold 

(
X
,
ω
)

(X,\omega )

 and the space

E

(
X
,
ω
)

=

E

\mathcal {E}(X,\omega )\!= \mathcal {E}

of

ω
\omega

–plurisubharmonic functions of full Monge–Ampère mass on it. We introduce a quantity

ρ
[
u
,
v
]

\rho [u,v]

to measure the distance between

u
,
v
∈

E

u, v\in \mathcal {E}

;

ρ
[
u
,
v
]

\rho [u,v]

is not a number but rather a decreasing function on a certain interval

(
0
,
V
)
⊂

R

(0,V)\subset \mathbb {R}

. We explore properties of

ρ
[
u
,
v
]

\rho [u,v]

, and using them we study Lagrangians and associated energy spaces of

ω
\omega

–plurisubharmonic functions. Many results here generalize Darvas’s findings about his metrics

d
χ

d_\chi

.
A Santaló inequality for the 𝐿^{𝑝}-polar body
Authors: Mastrantonis Vlassis
Published: February 2025

In recent joint work with Berndtsson and Rubinstein, the polar of a convex body was realized as the

p
=
∞

p=\infty

case in a broader class of

L
p

L^p

-polar bodies. A Santaló inequality for the

L
p

L^p

-polar was proved for symmetric convex bodies. The aim of this article is to remove the symmetry assumption and to show that an

L
p

L^p

-Santaló inequality holds for any convex body after translation by the

L
p

L^p

-Santaló point.
Harmonic interpolation and a Brunn-Minkowski theorem for random determinants
Authors: Ross Julius , Nyström David
Published: February 2025

We describe the harmonic interpolation of convex bodies, and prove a strong form of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality and characterize its equality case. As an application we improve a theorem of Berndtsson on the volume of slices of a pseudoconvex domain. We furthermore apply this to prove subharmonicity of the expected absolute value of the determinant of a matrix of random vectors through the connection with zonoids.
How Regional Organizations Sustain Authoritarian Rule
Authors: Debre Maria J
Published: February 2025

Authoritarian regional organizations (ROs) have experienced a remarkable rise in numbers and importance. Autocracies across all world regions have joined organizations such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (ALBA). Why do autocracies institutionalize cooperation and join ROs, thereby bearing possible sovereignty costs? Do authoritarian ROs differ from their democratic counterparts in terms of activities and design? And what are the domestic effects from membership for authoritarian rule? How Regional Organizations Sustain Authoritarian Rule details how ROs help autocratic regimes secure their hold on power. The book shows how autocratic incumbent regimes sort into dictator clubs that help to successfully defend against domestic and international challenges during moments of political instability. This happens via distinct causal chains. Dictator clubs redistribute resources toward authoritarian elites that raise the cost of challenging behavior for the opposition, they regulate appropriate behavior among fellow members to prevent regional interference on the side of dissenting actors, and they protect regimes in case of international pressure and thereby lower the cost of employing repressive tactics. Combining statistical survival analysis and case-based evidence from the Middle East, (Eur)Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America, the book shows that ROs have had a helping hand in defending autocratic regimes from pro-democratic protestors, in co-opting political elites, in legitimizing flawed elections, and in shielding against the fallout from international sanctions. The book thereby shows how ROs are responsible for reinforcing authoritarian rule across the globe.
Patterns of Authoritarian Membership in Regional Organizations
Authors: Debre Maria J
Published: February 2025

This chapter introduces the data used for quantitative analysis and presents descriptive statistics on the development of autocratic regional organizations across time and regions. It provides answers concerning three main areas: the geographical distribution of dictator clubs, their historical development, and their institutional design, paying particular attention to their autocratic density, homogeneity, and authority. It shows that dictator clubs are a ubiquitous phenomenon even after the wave of democratization in the 1990s, and that dictator clubs do not necessarily differ profoundly from their democratic counterparts in terms of institutional design. The chapter concludes with an update on the regime survival and regime breakdown data used in the book.
The Effects of Membership in Dictator Clubs on Regime Survival
Authors: Debre Maria J
Published: February 2025

This chapter engages in survival analysis to study the extent to which membership in dictator clubs prolongs the time in office for autocratic incumbents. It shows that across time and space, membership in dictator clubs with higher autocratic density significantly reduced the probability of experiencing democratic breakdown, but it does not seem to protect from authoritarian elite challenges such as coups. In contrast, other international explanations including close relationships with authoritarian powers, authority and decision-making rules of institutions, and diffusion of authoritarian practices do not systematically explain authoritarian survival. The findings presented in this chapter thereby speak to the importance of institutional theory in the international study of authoritarian resilience.
How Dictator Clubs Empower Autocratic Incumbents
Authors: Debre Maria J
Published: February 2025

Chapter 5 engages in a most-different system design to show how dictator clubs help to prevent democratization during moments of political crisis focusing on three diverse regional organizations (ROs) from different world regions. The chapter analyzes democratic challenges in Bahrain, Zimbabwe, and China, ranging from public protest during the Arab Spring to election loss of revolutionary parties in Southern Africa and ethnic dissident by Uyghur minorities in Eurasia. The chapter demonstrates that material and immaterial resources provided by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) helped to tip the scale in favor of autocratic incumbents during politically contentious moments.
How Dictator Clubs Constrain Regional Challengers
Authors: Debre Maria J
Published: February 2025

Chapter 6 investigates how dictator clubs prevent interference by other regional actors such as neighboring states, regional civil society, or the regional organization (RO) bureaucracy on the side of democratic challengers, and why they do not protect dictators who face intra-elite challengers. The chapter focuses on regional challenges to the regime in Zimbabwe from 2002 to 2017, and how norms of sovereignty and non-interference practiced by the Southern African Development Community (SADC) helped to keep President Mugabe in power. The chapter also shows how the same logic led to Mugabe’s downfall in 2017 when he was replaced by a former ally in a military coup.
Conclusion
Authors: Debre Maria J
Published: February 2025

The concluding chapter summarizes key findings to recap when, how, and under which conditions dictator clubs benefit the survival of authoritarian regimes across time and world regions. It then discusses important implications for world politics, particularly the state of the liberal international order and for the future development of democracy across the globe. Dictator clubs are increasingly engaged on the international stage to coordinate positions and challenge established multilateral institutions. With growing challenges to democracy both from reinforcement of authoritarian rule by dictator clubs and from democratic backsliding, and a global retreat of US hegemonic power, the fate of democracy remains more unclear than ever.
Early Modern Women’s Writing and the Future of Literary History
Authors: Dodds Lara , Dowd Michelle M
Published: February 2025

This book demonstrates that a full accounting of early modern women’s literary and creative activities is required for the future of literary studies writ large. Providing evidence of not only the relevance but the necessity of early modern women’s writing to the larger field of English literature, it argues that critical questions raised by early modern women’s writing provide opportunities to rethink enduring topics of scholarly interest. In its state-of-the-field assessment, it examines how perennial questions about authorship, canon, and literary value have historically influenced scholarship on early modern women’s writing and its place within literary studies. In both the classroom and in scholarship, early modern women’s writing shows the way forward for the field, whether in the renewal of formalist approaches to literature through an alliance with feminism or in the integration of newer critical methodologies such as premodern critical race studies. This book demonstrates that a feminist literary history that places women’s writing at its center is essential to the future of English Renaissance literary studies. There is, in other words, no history of English Renaissance literature without women writers.
Premodern Critical Race Studies and Women’s Writing
Authors: Dodds Lara , Dowd Michelle M
Published: February 2025

This chapter recounts the critical histories that have helped establish a divide between scholarship on early modern women’s writing and scholarship on premodern critical race studies, and it posits several strategies for bringing these fields into closer alignment. The chapter is governed by two central questions: (1) Why is the study of race crucial to understanding early modern women’s writing? and (2) What might the study of early modern women’s writing offer to premodern critical race studies that is distinctive? The chapter argues that analyses of racialization in early modern women’s texts can open up new possibilities for understanding these works as part of England’s broader cultural and literary history and can also generate important new perspectives on the racial logics at work in the premodern past—perspectives that could go unnoticed if scholars focus exclusively on male authors.
A Social Identity Approach to Blue-Collar Worker Support for the Populist Radical Right
Authors: Castater Eric G , Han Kyung Joon
Published: February 2025

This chapter reviews scholarly works on the determinants of populist radical right support and social identity, outlines our social identity approach to blue-collar worker support for the populist radical right, and provides preliminary tests of our theoretical claims. The first section of the chapter provides a broad overview of the literature on the determinants of populist radical right support with an emphasis on the importance of policymaking processes, policy outputs, and policy outcomes. The second section reviews the literature on social identity. The third section outlines the three-stage theory explaining blue-collar worker support for the populist radical right. The fourth section conducts preliminary tests of each stage in our theory: the effect of political and economic contexts on national identity; the effect of national identity on issue salience; and the effect of issue salience on populist radical right support.
Understanding polypharmacy for people receiving home care services: a scoping review of the evidence
Authors: Karimi Radin , Robinson-Barella Anna , Davey Vanessa , Sinclair David R , Hanratty Barbara , Todd Adam
Published: February 2025

Background

Polypharmacy, defined as the concurrent use of five or more medications, is common amongst older adults receiving home care services. The relationship between home care and polypharmacy may be critical to older people’s health, but there is little research on this topic.

Objective

To understand the extent and type of evidence on individuals receiving home care services and experiencing polypharmacy.

Methods

This review followed the Preferred Reporting of Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. Three databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL) were systematically searched (December 2023) to identify studies with adult participants experiencing polypharmacy and receiving home care.

Results

Twenty-three studies were included. For individuals receiving home care services, the studies reported on the following: (i) prevalence of polypharmacy, (ii) interventions to reduce inappropriate polypharmacy, (iii) perceived role of home care workers, (iv) assessment of health literacy in individuals experiencing polypharmacy, and (v) factors associated with polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). Polypharmacy and PIMs were found to be associated with older age, female sex, increased frailty, living alone, poor economic situation and inaccuracies within medical records. Improved appropriateness of prescribing can be achieved through interprofessional interventions, efficient use of home care workers and improved health literacy.

Conclusion

This review highlights research on the extent of polypharmacy in home care and ways to address it. Whilst there are suggestions for enhancing medication quality, key gaps remain in research into the experiences of care staff and recipients in managing medications and polypharmacy, which should be addressed.
Cell-type deconvolution for bulk RNA-seq data using single-cell reference: a comparative analysis and recommendation guideline
Authors: Xu Xintian , Li Rui , Mo Ouyang , Liu Kai , Li Justin , Hao Pei
Published: February 2025

The accurate estimation of cell type proportions in tissues is crucial for various downstream analyses. With the increasing availability of single-cell sequencing data, numerous deconvolution methods that use single-cell RNA sequencing data as a reference have been developed. However, a unified understanding of how these deconvolution approaches perform in practical applications is still lacking. To address this, we systematically assessed the accuracy and robustness of nine deconvolution methods that use single-cell RNA sequencing data as a reference, evaluating them on real bulk data with cell proportions verified through flow cytometry, as well as simulated bulk data generated from five single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. Our study highlights the importance of several factors—including reference dataset construction strategies, dataset size, cell type subdivision, and cell type inconsistency—on the accuracy and robustness of deconvolution results. We also propose a set of recommended guidelines for software users in diverse scenarios.
Accurate, comprehensive database of group I introns and their homing endonucleases
Authors: Sellés Vidal Lara , Noma Tomoya , Yokobayashi Yohei
Published: February 2025

Motivation

Group I introns are one of the most widely studied ribozymes. Since their initial discovery, a large number of them have been identified experimentally or computationally. However, no comprehensive and unified database that provides group I intron sequences with precise boundaries and structural information is available.

Results

We created a new database of group I intron sequences with reliable exon-intron boundaries. The database offers additional data for each sequence, such as containing GenBank entry, its position within the associated entry, the subtype of each intron and putative homing endonucleases. Secondary structure predictions and base-pairing probability matrixes are also provided for each sequence. The resource is expected to facilitate large-scale studies of group I introns, as well as engineering for novel applications.

Availability and implementation

The database, as well as the code to generate it and a GUI to facilitate its exploration, are available at https://github.com/LaraSellesVidal/Group1IntronDatabase. The source code for the GUI implementation is available at https://github.com/LaraSellesVidal/OnlineGroup1IntronDatabase. The database can also be accessed online at https://online-group-1-intron-database.onrender.com. Base-pairing probability matrixes are available separately at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-BSST1399.
Successive cycles of allopatric differentiation and secondary contact shape phylogeographical structure in an Indo-West Pacific reef fish
Authors: Hsu Ling-Lan , Borsa Philippe , Chen Wei-Jen
Published: February 2025

Geographical barriers and sea-level fluctuations have significantly influenced the population genetic structure and evolutionary history of Indo-West Pacific (IWP) reef species. This study examines these effects in Abudefduf septemfasciatus (banded sergeant), a widely distributed egg-brooding IWP damselfish. Using 4700 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms obtained from double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and a 1638-bp mitochondrial gene fragment from 106 samples across six IWP locations, we identified two main genetic clusters: one in the Indian Ocean and another in the Pacific Ocean. Within the Pacific, two distinct subclusters were detected, with overlapping ranges in Taiwan. Demographic analysis of the dataset using two-population genetic models in ∂a∂I, based on diffusion approximation, revealed asymmetric gene flow, with stronger migration from the Indian Ocean to the Pacific. Recurrent episodes of isolation and secondary contact during Pleistocene glacial cycles further shaped these genetic patterns. Our findings provide new insights into the complex phylogeography and evolutionary dynamics of banded sergeants, contributing to a broader understanding of how historical environmental changes have driven the diversification of IWP reef fishes.
Loss of the neuronal kinase DCLK3 leads to anxiety-like behaviour and memory deficits
Authors: de Longprez Lucie , Gaillard Marie-Claude , Decraene Charles , Perot Jean-Baptiste , Keime Celine , Nadkarni Nachiket , Louça Mathilde , Jan Caroline , Liot Géraldine , Aurégan Gwennaëlle , Guillermier Martine , Mitja Julien , Hantraye Philippe , Bertaux Fabien , Norbert Marie , Bonvento Gilles , Flament Julien , Dhenain Marc , Neri Christian , Bemelmans Alexis-Pierre , Mérienne Karine , Cambon Karine , Brouillet Emmanuel
Published: February 2025

DCLK3 (Doublecortin-like kinase 3) is a kinase preferentially expressed in neurons. Dclk3 variants are risk factors for psychiatric disorders and brain alterations linked to age-related mild cognitive impairment, suggesting this kinase could be important to cognition. However, the physiological role of DCLK3 remains unknown.

Here, we generated and characterized mice with constitutive or brain-region specific Dclk3 knockout.

We found that constitutive pan-deletion of Dclk3 is associated with an anxiety phenotype in male, associated with changes in brain metabolites in absence of major neuroanatomical alterations, motor or memory deficits. Moreover, virally mediated loco-regional conditional Dclk3 knockout in the dorsal hippocampus of adult mice led to spatial memory deficits and transcriptomic changes, characterized by increased expression of α2, β1, and β2 subunits of the GABAA receptor, down-regulation of neuronal activity-regulated genes such as the immediate early genes (e.g. Egr1, Fos, Per1 and Nr4r1), and transcriptional regulator-activity enriched in polycomb-repressive complexes (PRC).

These new data reveal that Dclk3 modulates behavior and cognition in association with transcriptomic changes in the hippocampus, providing direct physiological evidence that this kinase is involved in synaptic plasticity, consistent with its crucial role in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.