bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A window into fungal endophytism in Salicornia europaea: deciphering fungal characteristics as plant growth promoting agents
Authors: Furtado Bliss Ursula , Szymańska Sonia , Hrynkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

Aim

Plant-endophytic associations exist only when equilibrium is maintained between both partners. This study analyses the properties of endophytic fungi inhabiting a halophyte growing in high soil salinity and tests whether these fungi are beneficial or detrimental when non-host plants are inoculated.

Method

Fungi were isolated fromSalicornia europaeacollected from two sites differing in salinization history (anthropogenic and naturally saline) and analyzed for plant growth promoting abilities and non-host plant interactions.

Results

Most isolated fungi belonged to Ascomycota (96%) including dematiaceous fungi and commonly known plant pathogens and saprobes. The strains were metabolically active for siderophores, polyamines and indole-3-acetic acid (mainlyAureobasidiumsp.) with very low activity for phosphatases. Many showed proteolytic, lipolytic, chitinolytic, cellulolytic and amylolytic activities but low pectolytic activity. Different activities between similar fungal species found in both sites were particularly seen forEpiccocumsp.,Arthriniumsp. andTrichodermasp. Inoculating the non-hostLolium perennewith selected fungi increased plant growth, mainly in the symbiont (Epichloë)-free variety.Arthrinium gamsiiCR1-9 andStereum gausapatumISK3-11 were most effective for plant growth promotion.

Conclusions

This research suggests that host lifestyle and soil characteristics have a strong effect on endophytic fungi, and environmental stress could disturb the plant-fungi relations. In favourable conditions, these fungi may be effective in facilitating crop production in non-cultivable saline lands.
Synthesis of phosphates for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fracturing fluid
Authors: Chen Pengfei , Chang Honggang , Xiong Gang , Zhang Yan , Zheng Xueqin
Published: October 2019

Herein, a study of phosphate synthesis reactions with triethyl phosphate, phosphorous pentoxide and mixed alcohols is described. The synthesized phosphates are used as gelling agents in LPG fracturing fluids. By this study, a phosphate product with good performance has been obtain by screening different combination of alcohols and various reaction conditions including the ratios of reactants, reaction temperatures and reaction times. The LPG fracturing fluid prepared with the phosphate product we optimized maintains a viscosity of 200 mPa s for 1.5 h at 90 °C and 170 s−1 shear rate.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Anxiety Disorders in Young Children: A Dutch Open Trial of the Fun FRIENDS Program
Authors: van der Mheen Malindi , Legerstee Jeroen S. , Dieleman Gwendolyn C. , Hillegers Manon H.J. , Utens Elisabeth M.W.J.
Published: October 2019

Anxiety disorders in young children are highly prevalent and increase the risk of social, school, and familial problems, and also of psychiatric disorders in adolescence and adulthood. Nevertheless, effective interventions for this age group are lacking. One of the few available interventions is the Fun FRIENDS program. We examined whether young children with anxiety disorders showed less anxiety after participating in Fun FRIENDS. Twenty-eight clinically anxious children (4–8 years old) participated in the cognitive behavioural Fun FRIENDS program. The program consists of 12 weekly 1.5-hour sessions and was provided in groups of 3 to 5 children. At preintervention and direct postintervention, parents completed the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children and Child Behavior Checklist. Clinically and statistically significant decreases were found in number of anxiety disorders, symptom interference, emotional and behavioural problems, internalising problems, and anxiety problems. The decrease in anxious/depressed problems and externalising problems was not significant. Furthermore, higher preintervention anxiety levels predicted more treatment progress, whereas sex and age did not. The Dutch version of Fun FRIENDS is promising in treating anxiety disorders in young children. Randomised controlled trials are needed to draw definite conclusions on the effectiveness of Fun FRIENDS in a clinical setting.
On Moore’s Notion of Proof
Authors: De Michael
Published: October 2019

Much has been said about Moore’s proof of the external world, but the notion of proof that Moore employs has been largely overlooked. I suspect that most have either found nothing wrong with it, or they have thought it somehow irrelevant to whether the proof serves its antiskeptical purpose. I show, however, that Moore’s notion of proof is highly problematic. For instance, it trivializes in the sense that any known proposition is provable. This undermines Moore’s proof as he conceives it since it introduces a skeptical regress that he goes at length to resist. I go on to consider various revisions of Moore’s notion of proof and finally settle on one that I think is adequate for Moore’s purposes and faithful to what he says concerning immediate knowledge.
Esoteric Reliabilism
Authors: Ahlstrom-Vij Kristoffer
Published: October 2019

Survey data suggest that many philosophers arereliabilists, in believing that beliefs are justified iff produced by a reliable process. This is bad news if reliabilism is true. Empirical results suggest that a commitment to reliable belief-formation leads to overconfident second-guessing of reliable heuristics. Hence, a widespread belief in reliabilism is likely to be epistemically detrimental by the reliabilist's own standard. The solution is a form of two-level epistemic consequentialism, where an esoteric commitment to reliabilism will be appropriate for an enlightened few, while a form of epistemic fetishism – on which some heuristics are treated as fundamental epistemic norms – is appropriate for the rest of us.
Solidarity in Diversity? State Responses to Religious Diversity in Liberal and Non-Liberal Perspectives
Authors: Neo Jaclyn L. , Roßbach Matthias , Thio Li-ann , Tischbirek Alexander
Published: October 2019

This Article introduces the German Law Journal’s Special Issue on “Solidarity in Diversity? State Responses to Religious Diversity in Liberal and Non-Liberal Perspectives”. The major countries in comparative focus are Germany and Singapore, both self-avowedly secular countries that face the challenge of religious diversity: Singapore, from inception, and Germany, through more recent developments. A key issue the Article raises concerns liberal approaches towards regulating religion; it argues that the liberal model, taking Germany as an example, may serve as a productive starting point for comparative analysis, as the liberal focus on individual religious freedom impacts managing religious diversity, shapes national cultural identity, models of secularism and social solidarity. This is compared with non-liberal approaches, as exemplified in Singapore practice, where a more communitarian outlook underpin more interventionist approaches whereby public interests and the common good tend to be prioritized over individual freedom. The comparative angles offered in this Special Issue is furthermore buttressed in several articles in this Special Issue that make comparisons to other jurisdictions-United States and Canada. This introductory Article offers a brief overview to the various contributions to this Special Issue and identifies unifying themes.
State Answers to Religious Diversity in Germany and Singapore: History, Philosophy and Strategy
Authors: Tan Kevin YL , Roßbach Matthias
Published: October 2019

This Article focuses on the extent to which the different legal approaches of Germany and Singapore to religious diversity were shaped by history. It first analyzes the development in Germany and describes four phases of the development of the law on the relationship between church and state. Starting with the consequences of reformation, it shows that—for centuries—the relationship between denominations had been the crucial matter of this body of law. Only later, the law dealt with conflicts between religion and atheism. This Article then presents the fundamental rights approach of the Basic Law and examines it against the backdrop of the historical development and recent challenges. Second, this Article offers a historical account of Singapore’s attempts at regulating and managing religious diversity. It starts with the establishment of a British trading post on the island in 1819 and runs up to the present day. As a result of mass migration in its early years, Singapore was to become, in the twentieth century, one of the most religiously and culturally diverse nations in the world. This Article shows that Singapore has sought to regulate and manage the various religious groups through a combination of legislation and state policy.
Final Agreement for the Settlement of the Differences as Described in the United Nations Security Council Resolutions 817 (1993) and 845 (1993), the Termination of the Interim Accord of 1995, and the Establishment of a Strategic Partnership between the Parties
Authors: Ventouratou Anna
Published: October 2019

The “Final Agreement for the Settlement of the Differences as Described in the United Nations Security Council Resolutions 817 (1993) and 845 (1993), the Termination of the Interim Accord of 1995, and the Establishment of a Strategic Partnership Between the Parties,” most commonly known as the Prespa Agreement, is the final settlement of an intricate dispute between Greece and (now officially) North Macedonia over the former Yugoslav Republic's name, which has troubled the relations between the two states for almost three decades. Following a carefully choreographed process, the Prespa Agreement (Agreement) entered into force on February 12, 2019. This Note provides a brief overview of the background of the dispute and the main provisions of the Agreement.
Scott, Domestication and the End of History
Authors: Campbell Rod
Published: October 2019

In responding to Scott's Against the Grain, my goal is not to write a book review. I take it as unnecessary to point out all the details that Scott, a historical anthropologist of South East Asia, got wrong about ancient history and archaeology. Instead, I want to take seriously Scott's own hope that his book would be read as a provocation and, in doing so, work through some of its larger problems and its potential.
An Archaeobotanical Perspective on the Relationship between Grain Crops, Non-Grain Crops and States
Authors: d'Alpoim Guedes Jade
Published: October 2019

Asking the public to question the assumption that our current systems of governance and food production represent the apex of an evolutionary trajectory is timely and well warranted.
An Americanist's Take on Against the Grain
Authors: D'Altroy Terence N.
Published: October 2019

In both public and professional accounts of the grand sweep of human history, a few questions recurrently beg for attention. How did technology—broadly understood to encompass everything from control of fire to domestication of food sources, to craft manufacture, to communication and transportation—transform human life? How did social complexity come into being: e.g. classes, formal institutions and the state? Why did some ancient societies invest so much effort in corporate constructions such as pyramids, temples and other monumental architecture? What were the effects of warfare and disease on the human condition? And why did the early societies of so many regions cycle between eras of concentrated power and its apparent dissolution?
Against Scott's Grain
Authors: Pauketat Timothy R.
Published: October 2019

Cultivars domesticated and organized people. Cereal grain-growing agriculturists—at least those lucky enough to live in floodplains—exploited others in order to sustain themselves. From such preconditions, states were born, the organizational fragilities of which routinely led to their dissolution, and to other sorts of social forms in peripheral locations. This is James Scott's Against the Grain in a nutshell.
Against the Mane: How Barbaric Was the ‘The Golden Age of Barbarians’?
Authors: Wright Joshua
Published: October 2019

Against the Grain is both a wide-ranging voyage of discovery and a regionally focused study of the trajectory of agriculture from its earliest appearance until historical times, coupled with discussion of the mechanisms that maintained early states. For Scott, the state is a fragile entity (pp. 21, 23, 118, 125) based on the production of grain, along with water transport, city walls, tax collection, specialized administrators, monumental centres, kings, social hierarchy, filth, epidemic disease and an insatiable demand for enslaved labour. With such a definition, there is a little hope that the societies of Eurasian pastoral nomads can be seen as anything other than ‘barbarians’ living outside the laws and hierarchies of agricultural states. It is these Eurasian nomadic pastoralists and their relations with the state that will form the focus of this commentary.
On Inclusions and Exclusions
Authors: Wynne-Jones Stephanie
Published: October 2019

Against the Grain is an approachable book that explores the world of the earliest states, found in Mesopotamia. It is framed by the rationale that a study of the state's deep history might give us insight into contemporary concerns via an understanding of the deep causal links between sedentism, agriculture and state control.
Response
Authors: Scott James C.
Published: October 2019

The fact that 10 notable scholars have taken the time to examine my book Against the Grain and provide thoughtful commentary is a form of flattery of which I am acutely conscious and very grateful. This would be the case even if their comments had ben totally damning! I braced myself for the onslaught of a phalanx of archaeologists justifiably indignant that a rank amateur should even dare trespass on their turf. When invited to reply to such a symposium convened by the CAJ, the thought crossed my mind that I was being brought to the symposium in the same spirit as the Romans ‘invited’ the Christians to the Coliseum. Happily, while there are gashes, bruises and perhaps a life-threatening wound or two, much of my argument seems to have come through the encounter. One or two of the commentators, I understand, believe they left me for dead!
Giving up knowledge is almost never a good idea: an interview with Dr Evan Zahn
Authors: Góreczny Sebastian , Zahn Evan M.
Published: October 2019

The history of congenital interventional cardiology has seen numerous groundbreaking innovations typically related to the introduction of a new device or a novel treatment technique. Similarly, imaging of cardiac defects has changed dramatically over the past decades, although some of the advancements have seemed to omit the catheterisation laboratories. Rotational angiography, one of the imaging techniques for guidance of cardiac catheterisation currently referred to as “advanced”, in fact was described already in 1960s.1 More recently its improved version, including three-dimensional reconstruction (3DRA), became a valuable intra-procedural imaging tool in interventional cardiology and neuroradiology.2 Dr Evan Zahn was one of the pioneers of 3DRA in the field of congenital cardiology, setting an example for many to follow. With his innovative publication and subsequent lecture at 2011 Pediatric and Adult Interventional Cardiac Symposium (PICS-AICS) on “The Emerging Use of 3-Dimensional Rotational Angiography in Congenital Heart Disease” he motivated many to explore benefits of this modality to strive for improved procedural outcomes and reduced patients’ burden of cardiac catheterisation3. I was one of those to take Dr Zahn’s thoughts and implement them into routine workflow.4–6 However, almost a decade after Dr Zahn shared his important work, despite tremendous efforts by teams from Utrecht, (Netherlands) and Columbus (Ohio, United States of America) to popularise 3D imaging in catheterisation laboratory during dedicated meetings, two-dimensional (2D) angiography does not seem to be threatened in many, otherwise-progressive, laboratories. During the recent 30th Japanese Pediatric Interventional Cardiology (JPIC) meeting I had the opportunity to ask Dr Zahn why giving up knowledge is almost never a good idea, what is technology’s natural order of things, and why the technology has to be more than just exciting, pretty, and new.
Capacity development among academic trainees in community-based primary health care research: The Aging, Community and Health Research Unit Experience
Authors: Ganann Rebecca , Peacock Shelley , Garnett Anna , Northwood Melissa , Hyde Ashley , Bookey-Bassett Sue , Kennedy Laurie , Markle-Reid Maureen , Ploeg Jenny , Valaitis Ruta
Published: October 2019

Health care system capacity and sustainability to address the needs of an aging population are a challenge worldwide. An aging population has brought attention to the limitations associated with existing health systems, specifically the heavy emphasis on costly acute care and insufficient investments in comprehensive primary health care (PHC). Health system reform demands capacity building of academic trainees in PHC research to meet this challenge. The Aging, Community and Health Research Unit at McMaster University has purposefully employed a capacity building model for interdisciplinary trainee development. This paper will describe the processes and outcomes of the model, outlining how the provision of funding, mentorship, and a unique learning environment enables capacity building in networking, collaboration, leadership development, and knowledge mobilization among its trainees. The reciprocal advancement of the research unit through the knowledge and productivity of trainees will also be detailed.
Working and Homeless: Exploring the Interaction of Housing and Labour Market Insecurity
Authors: Jones Katy , Ahmed Anya , Madoc-Jones Iolo , Gibbons Andrea , Rogers Michaela , Wilding Mark
Published: October 2019

Alongside an increasing focus on ‘prevention’, moving homeless adults into work is frequently considered an important part of helping them overcome homelessness and sustain an ‘independent’ life. However, a growing evidence base shows that work does not always offer the means to escape poverty, and many in employment face housing insecurity. Relatedly, there is increasing concern about the phenomenon of ‘in-work homelessness’. Drawing on new data from a study of people’s experience of homelessness in Wales, this article considers the hitherto underexplored topic of being both in work and homeless. The article provides a critical examination of how homelessness policy operates in practice, through presenting evidence of the experiences of a marginalised group (namely, working homeless people as users of homelessness services). It also considers how policy and practice could be modified to improve outcomes for homeless people and how prevention could play out in other contexts and welfare regimes.
Formation History of Binary Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Priyatikanto Rhorom , Arifyanto Mochamad Ikbal , Darma Rendy , Aprilia  , Hakim Muhamad Irfan
Published: October 2019

Global history of star or cluster formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has been the center of interest in several studies as it is thought to be influenced by tidal interaction with the Small Magellanic Cloud and even the Milky Way. This study focus on the formation history of the LMC in relation with the context of binary star clusters population, the apparent binary fraction (e.g., percentage of cluster pairs) in different epoch were calculated and analyzed. From the established distributions, it can be deduced that the binary clusters tend to be young (∽ 100 Myr) while their locations coincide with the locations of star forming complexes. There is an indication that the binary fraction increases as the rise of star formation rate in the last millions years. In the LMC, the increase of binary fraction at age ∽ 100 Myr can be associated to the last episode of close encounter with the Small Magellanic Cloud at ∽ 150 Myr ago. This observational evidence supports the theory of binary cluster formation through the fission of molecular cloud where the encounter between galaxies enhanced the clouds velocity dispersion which in turn increased the probability of cloud-cloud collisions that produce binary clusters.
Star Formation and Molecular Gas in Extremely Metal-poor Galaxies: Insights from the Thermal Balance in the Neutral Gas
Authors: Lebouteiller Vianney
Published: October 2019

The apparent lack of cold molecular gas in blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies is at variance with their intense star-formation episode. The CO molecule, often used a tracer of H2 through a conversion function, is selectively photodissociated in dust-poor environments and, as a result, a potentially large fraction of H2 is expected to reside in the so-called CO-dark gas, where it could be traced instead by infrared cooling lines [CI], [CII], and [OI]. Although the fraction of CO-dark gas to total molecular gas is in theory expected to be relatively large in metal-poor galaxies, many uncertainties remain due to the difficulty in identifying the main heating mechanism associated to the cooling lines observed in such galaxies.

Investigations of the Herschel Dwarf Galaxy Survey (DGS; Madden et al.2013) show that the heating mechanism in the neutral gas of BCDs cannot be dominated by the photoelectric effect on dust grains below some threshold metallicity due to the low abundance of dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, implying that other heating mechanisms need to be invoked, along with a new interpretation of the corresponding infrared line diagnostics. In the study presented here and in Lebouteiller et al. (2017), we use optical and infrared lines to constrain the physical conditions in the HII region + HI region of the BCD I Zw 18 (18 Mpc; ≍2% solar metallicity) within a consistent photoionization and photodissociation model. We show that the HI region is entirely heated by a single ultraluminous X-ray source with important consequences on the applicability of [CII] to trace the star-formation rate and to trace the CO-dark gas. We derive stringent upper limits on the size of H2 clumps that may be detected in the future with JWST and IRAM/NOEMA. We also show that the nature of the X-ray source can be inferred from the corresponding signatures in the ISM. Finally we speculate that star formation may be quenched in extremely metal-poor dwarf galaxies due to X-ray photoionization.
The major merger origin of the Andromeda II kinematics
Authors: Ebrová Ivana , Łokas Ewa L. , Fouquet Sylvain , del Pino Andrés
Published: October 2019

Prolate rotation (i.e. rotation around the long axis) has been reported for two Local Group dwarf galaxies: Andromeda II, a dwarf spheroidal satellite of M31, and Phoenix, a transition type dwarf galaxy. The prolate rotation may be an exceptional indicator of a past major merger between dwarf galaxies. We showed that this type of rotation cannot be obtained in the tidal stirring scenario, in which the satellite is transformed from disky to spheroidal by tidal forces of the host galaxy. However, we successfully reproduced the observed Andromeda II kinematics in controlled, self-consistent simulations of mergers between equal-mass disky dwarf galaxies on a radial or close-to-radial orbit. In simulations including gas dynamics, star formation and ram pressure stripping, we are able to reproduce more of the observed properties of Andromeda II: the unusual rotation, the bimodal star formation history and the spatial distribution of the two stellar populations, as well as the lack of gas. We support this scenario by demonstrating the merger origin of prolate rotation in the cosmological context for sufficiently resolved galaxies in the Illustris large-scale cosmological hydrodynamical simulation.
A numerical study on the distribution of the debris of the Milky Way satellites
Authors: Mazzarini Matteo , Just Andreas
Published: October 2019

We perform six N-body simulations reproducing the interaction between the Milky Way and its satellite galaxies, in order to address the deposit of satellite debris in the Galactic environment. We find that most of the baryons survive inside their host satellites and that most of the baryonic debris ends up in the inner regions of the Milky Way, in contrast to the more uniform distribution of dark matter debris. We also look at the debris Inertia tensor in the inner regions of the Milky Way and find a lower minor-to-major axis ratio for baryons than dark matter. We plan to explore the phase-space distribution of the debris ending in the Galactic disk and bulge. We also plan further simulations including gas dynamics to study the impact of gas on the process.
Early chemical enrichment of the Milky Way dwarf satellites from high-resolution and NLTE analysis of VMP stars
Authors: Mashonkina Lyudmila , Jablonka Pascale , Sitnova Tatyana , Pakhomov Yuri , North Pierre , Tatarnikov Andrey , Burlak Marina , Vozyakova Olga
Published: October 2019

We present the NLTE abundances of 10 chemical species in 65 very metal-poor stars in eight dSphs and the Milky Way halo. The classical dSphs Sculptor, Ursa Minor, Sextans, and Fornax reveal a similar plateau at [α/Fe] = 0.3 for each of Mg, Ca, and Ti, similarly to the MW halo. We provide the evidence for a decline in α/Fe in the Boötes I UFD, that is probably due to the ejecta of SNeIa. The dichotomy in the [Sr/Ba] versus [Ba/H] diagram is observed in the classical dSphs, similarly to the MW halo, calling for two different nucleosynthesis channels for Sr. The Boötes I and UMa II UFDs reveal very similar ratios of [Sr/Mg] = −1.3 and [Ba/Mg] = –1. The stars in the Coma Berenices and Leo IV UFDs are even poorer in Sr and Ba. The subsolar Sr/Ba ratios of Boötes I and UMa II indicate a common r-process origin of their n-capture elements.
Dark Memories of the Past: Discovery of Ultra-Diffuse Objects around NGC 1068
Authors: Tanaka Ichi , Yagi Masafumi , Taniguchi Yoshiaki
Published: October 2019

We have searched for a sign of the past dynamical disturbance events on NGC 1068, an archetypical Type-2 Seyfert galaxy, using deep and wide optical imaging data by the Subaru telescope. The data taken by Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) as well as the archived data by Suprime-Cam reveal several faint outer structures of the galaxy, most of which were never reported before. We discover three large (re= 3 -5.5 kpc), extremely diffuse objects (UDOs) within 45 kpc from the center of NGC 1068. We suggest that two of these UDOs are actually a part of a large loop-like structure surrounding NGC 1068. Such an extremely faint loop or stream is the direct evidence for a past minor merger event. The third UDO has a distorted morphology, suggesting that it is under the influence of strong tidal field. Furthermore, we have identified another ultra-diffuse but compact (μ0,r> 25 mag arcsec-2, re~ 0.8kpc) dwarf galaxy within ~140 kpc from NGC 1068. We speculate that this ultra-diffuse dwarf could be the object related to the ancient tidal disruption event (tidal dwarf) during the early mass assembly period of NGC 1068. We also detect an asymmetric outer one-arm structure emanated from the western edge of the outermost disk of NGC 1068 together with a ripple-like structure at the opposite side. These structures are also expected to arise in a late phase (up to several billion years ago) of a minor merger, according to numerical simulations. Our findings are consistent with the idea that the AGN activity in NGC 1068 is caused by a past minor merger.
Evolution of dwarf galaxies in a semi-analytic galaxy formation model
Authors: Nagashima Masahiro , Enoki Motohiro , Ishiyama Tomoaki , Kobayashi Masakazu A. R. , Makiya Ryu , Ogura Kazuyuki , Okamoto Takashi , Okoshi Katsuya , Oogi Taira , Shirakata Hikari
Published: October 2019

Dwarf galaxies provide us many important clues to understanding of galaxy formation. By using the current version of our own semi-analytic model of galaxy formation, in which cosmic structure forms and evolves based on the cold dark matter model of cosmology, we analyze dwarf galaxies. We find that the model well reproduces many properties such as magnitudes, sizes, and velocity dispersions of, especially, dwarf elliptical galaxies. We also find that the dynamical response of the gravitational potential well of dwarf galaxies to the supernova-induced gas removal plays a very important role to obtain large sizes and small velocity dispersions as observed.
Multiple Feedback in Low-Metallicity Massive Star Formation
Authors: Tanaka Kei E. I. , Tan Jonathan C. , Zhang Yichen , Hosokawa Takashi
Published: October 2019

We theoretically investigate the impact of feedback and its metallicity dependence in massive star formation from prestellar cores at all metallicity range. We include the feedback by MHD disk winds, radiation pressure, and photoevaporation solving the evolution of protostars and accretion flows self-consistently. Interestingly, we find that the feedback does not set the upper mass limit of stellar birth mass at any metallicity. At the solar metallicity, the MHD disk wind is the dominant feedback to set the star formation efficiencies (SFEs) from the prestellar cores similar to low-mass star formation. The SFE is found to be lower at lower surface density environment. The photoevaporation becomes significant at the low metallicity of Z < 10−2 Z⊙. Considering this efficient photoevaporation, we conclude that the IMF slope is steeper, i.e., massive stars are rarer at the extremely metal-poor environment of 10−5 − 10−3Z⊙. Our study raises a question on the common assumption of the universal IMF with a truncated at 100M⊙. Since the total feedback strength in the cluster/galaxy scale is sensitive to the number fraction of massive stars, the re-evaluations of IMF at various environments are necessary.
Population gradients in dwarf spheroidal galaxies KKs 3 and ESO 269-66
Authors: Sharina M. E. , Makarova L. N. , Makarov D. I.
Published: October 2019

We compare the properties of stellar populations for globular clusters (GCs) and field stars in two dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs): ESO269-66, a close neighbour of NGC5128, and KKs3, one of the few isolated dSphs within 10 Mpc. We analyse the surface density profiles of low and high metallicity (blue and red) stars in two galaxies using the Sersic law. We argue that 1) the density profiles of red stars are steeper than those of blue stars, which evidences in favour of the metallicity and age gradients in dSphs; 2) globular clusters in KKs3 and ESO 269-66 contain 4 and 40 percent of all stars with [Fe / H] ~ 1.6 dex and the age of 12 Gyr, correspondingly. Therefore, GCs are relics of the first powerful star-forming bursts in the central regions of the galaxies. KKs 3 has lost a smaller percentage of old low-metallicity stars than ESO269-66, probably, thanks to its isolation.
The Lifecycle of Dust and Metals in Low-Abundance Galaxies
Authors: Hirschauer Alec S. , Gray Laurin , Paranzino William , Meixner Margaret , Boyer Martha L. , Jones Olivia C.
Published: October 2019

The earliest generations of stars were produced in galaxies at high redshift. The physical conditions in which these stars formed, produced heavy elements and dust, and subsequently ended their life cycles, however, are vastly different from those in the Milky Way. Nearby low metal-abundance galaxies provide critical laboratories within which it is possible to observe conditions similar to those at high redshift, shedding light on the lifecycle of dust and metals in the early Universe. Does the process of star formation change at low metallicity? How did galaxies in the early Universe produce significant amounts of dust without the elapsed time necessary for stars to evolve to the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase and contribute via mass loss? Here we present work cataloging dust-producing sources in the nearby metal-poor galaxy NGC 6822 and outline forthcoming GTO observations of this system and the blue compact dwarf I Zw 18 with JWST.
A whirling plane of satellite galaxies around Centaurus A challenges CDM cosmology
Authors: Müller Oliver
Published: October 2019

The phase-space correlation of dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way and the Andromeda galaxy pose a serious challenge to our understanding of structure formation. Recently, another planar structure was discovered around Cen A, the major galaxy of the Centaurus group. We have surveyed this galaxy group for new dwarf galaxies and presented the discovery of 57 new dwarf member candidates. Furthermore, we have studied the kinematics of previously known dwarfs and again found a kinematic coherence in their movement, similar to the Local Group satellites. In CDM simulations, such an alignment appears in less than 0.5 percent.
Cosmic Web Research: Where are the Missing Dwarf Galaxies and the Inter-Galactic Hi Clouds
Authors: Carignan Claude
Published: October 2019

We know that the observed H i (and H2) content cannot explain the SFR observed in galaxies. The only way galaxies can sustain that SFR is by accreting HI-rich dwarf galaxies or Inter-Galactic HI clouds. However, no observation to detect those accretion events has been conclusive so far. Instruments having the necessary sensitivity (e.g. GBT) lack the necessary spatial resolution and those with the proper resolution (e.g. VLA) lack the sensitivity. I will show that both are necessary to detect those illusive Hi clouds. The SKA precursor MeerKAT is starting its operation as we speak and will start the Large Survey Programs at the end of 2018. FAST has started its observations in drift scan mode with CRAFTS (Commensal Radio Astronomy Fast Survey). In the near future (2019-20), the best combination to study low column density H i will be to combine the sensitivity of FAST with the spatial resolution of MeerKAT.
Understanding planes of satellites
Authors: Santos-Santos I. , Artal H. , Domínguez-Tenreiro R. , Tissera P. B. , Pedrosa S. E. , Gómez-Flechoso M. A. , Brook C. B. , Bignone L. , Serna A.
Published: October 2019

Reproducing the planes of co-orbiting satellites observed in the MW and M31 so far has represented a challenge for cosmological simulations. We have developed a new method to search for kinematically-coherent groups of satellites and applied it to 2 different cosmological hydro-simulations of disc galaxies. In each simulation we have found such a group, that represents roughly half of the total satellite population and is distributed on a fairly thin plane that persists in time. These results are compatible with the MW and M31 observed planes.
Modeling low mass stellar populations
Authors: Bruzual Gustavo , Magris Gladis C. , Hernández-Pérez Fabiola
Published: October 2019

Modeling low mass stellar populations, like clusters and dwarf galaxies, with population synthesis models requires that we evaluate the role played by stochastic fluctuations in the sampling of the IMF on the spectro-photometric properties of these sparse populations. Interacting binaries may also modify the integrated spectra of these systems depending on the final product of the binary interaction and on the frequency of binary stars. In this work we compare the relative importance of stochastic fluctuations and binary evolution on low mass galaxy properties as a function of the population age and total mass. In most cases the effects of stochastic fluctuations dominate those produced by binary interactions. We explore and quantify the relative importance of these effects through cosmic times.
Chemical evolution model to derive metallicity distributions for each stellar population
Authors: Homma Hidetomo
Published: October 2019

We have constructed a chemical evolution model in order to reproduce the both metallicity distribution functions (MDFs) of red giant branch stars (RGBs) and RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) of a dwarf galaxy, simultaneously. The detailed chemical abundances of RGBs of the Local Group dwarf galaxies have been measured by spectroscopic observations. Moreover, the metallicity of RRLs of a dwarf galaxy are estimated by using the theoretical period-luminosity relations in the previous study and it is found that the mean metallicity of RRLs are lower than that of RGBs. In order to investigate the MDFs of RGBs and RRLs, we combine our chemical evolution model with the stellar evolutionally isochrones and calculate the metallicity of RGBs and RRLs, respectively. As a result, our chemical evolution model reproduces the peak metallicity of both MDFs of RGBs and RRLs of Sculptor and Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs), simultaneously. Therefore, it is found that the difference of the mean metallicity between RGBs and RRLs are caused by the effects of stellar evolution. Moreover, by using the theoretical period-luminosity-metallicity relation of the RRLs, our chemical evolution model determines that the distance modulus of Sculptor and Fornax dSphs are 19.68 ± 0.09 and ${20.81^{+0.13}_{-0.11}}$, respectively. However, our model underestimates the number of metal-rich RRLs ([Fe/H] > −1.5) of Fornax dSph. This result suggests that the mass-loss rate of metal-rich RGBs would be larger than that of metal-poor RGBs.
DDO68-V1: an extremely metal-poor LBV in a void galaxy
Authors: Perepelitsyna Yulia , Pustilnik Simon
Published: October 2019

The lowest metallicity massive stars in the Local Universe with $Z\sim \left( {{Z}_{\odot }}/50-{{Z}_{\odot }}/30 \right)$ are the crucial objects to test the validity of assumptions in the modern models of very low-metallicity massive star evolution. These models, in turn, have major implications for our understanding of galaxy and massive star formation in the early epochs. DDO68-V1 in a void galaxy DDO68 is a unique extremely metal-poor massive star. Discovered by us in 2008 in the HII region Knot3 with $Z={{Z}_{\odot }}/35\,\left[ 12+\log \left( \text{O/H} \right)\sim 7.14 \right]$, DDO68-V1 was identified as an LBV star. We present here the LBV lightcurve in V band, combining own new data and the last archive and/or literature data on the light of Knot3 over the 30 years. We find that during the years 2008-2011 the LBV have experienced a very rare event of ‘giant eruption’ with V-band amplitude of 4.5 mag ($V\sim {{24.5}^{m}}-{{20}^{m}}$).
Neutral Gas Phase Metallicities Associated with Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Rao Sandhya M. , Turnshek David A. , Monier Eric M.
Published: October 2019

Absorption line spectroscopy of foreground gas in the spectra of background quasars has revealed some clear cases where neutral gas is present and associated with dwarf galaxies. Spectroscopy of Lyα and low-ionization metal lines can be combined to derive neutral gas phase metallicities. The damped Lyα absorbers (DLAs) in quasar spectra are the clearest cases of absorption by predominantly neutral gas regions. Here we present some results on neutral gas phase metallicities for cases where the DLA is clearly associated with a dwarf galaxy. We find that the neutral gas phase metallicities in these systems are similar to those in other DLAs. We argue that there may be many unrecognized cases where a DLA is actually associated with a dwarf galaxy even though there is a luminous galaxy within 100 kpc of the quasar sightline.
Neutral Hydrogen in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Koribalski Bärbel S.
Published: October 2019

Here I briefly highlight our studies of the gas content, kinematics and star formation in nearby dwarf galaxies (D < 10 Mpc) based on the ‘Local Volume Hi Survey’ (LVHIS, Koribalski et al. 2018), which was conducted with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). The LVHIS sample consists of nearly 100 galaxies, including new discoveries, spanning a large diversity in size, shape, mass and degree of peculiarity. The hydrogen properties of dwarf galaxies in two nearby groups, Sculptor and CenA / M83, are analysed and compared with many rather isolated dwarf galaxies. Around 10% of LVHIS galaxies are transitional or mixed-type dwarf galaxies (dIrr/dSph), the formation of which is explored. — I also provide a brief update on WALLABY Early Science, where we focus on studying the Hi properties of galaxies as a function of environment. WALLABY (Dec < +30 degr, z < 0.26) is conducted with the Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP), a ∽6-km diameter array of 36 × 12-m dishes, each equipped with wide-field (30 sq degr) Chequerboard Phased Array Feeds.
Stellar feedback in dwarf irregular galaxies with radio continuum observations
Authors: Heesen Volker , Basu Aritra , Brinks Elias , Heald George , Fletcher Andrew , Horellou Cathy , Hoeft Matthias , Chyży Krzysztof
Published: October 2019

Low-mass dwarf irregular galaxies are subject to outflows, in which cosmic rays may play a very important role; they can be traced via their electron component, the cosmic ray electrons (CRe), in the radio continuum as non-thermal synchrotron emission. With the advent of sensitive low-frequency observations, such as with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR), we can trace CRe far away from star formation sites. Together with GHz-observations, such as with the Very Large Array (VLA), we can study spatially resolved radio continuum spectra at matched angular resolution and sensitivity. Here, we present results from our 6-GHz VLA survey of 40 nearby dwarf galaxies and our LOFAR study of the nearby starburst dwarf irregular galaxy IC 10. We explore the relation of RC emission with star formation tracers and study in IC 10 the nature of a low-frequency radio halo, which we find to be the result of a galactic wind.
Exploring 3D data of Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Bensch Katarzyna , Thöne Christina , de Ugarte Postigo Antonio , Izzo Luca , Kann David Alexander
Published: October 2019

Dwarf irregular galaxies are places of ongoing star-formation in the low-redshift Universe. Low metallicity dwarfs were originally thought to be the youngest galaxies in the local Universe, however, there is now evidence that they consist of matter which has previously undergone evolution and is enriched by star-formation. Here we present a sample of seven nearby metal-poor dwarf galaxies with a young stellar populations selected from the SDSS which we study using integral field unit (IFU) data from the VIMOS instrument, covering the spectral range between the He II 4686 line and the [SII] 6718/6733 Å doublet. We present property maps across the galaxies and compare different galaxies and different HII regions within the same galaxy. We find that the properties within one galaxy are not uniform and they also differ between different galaxies concerning star-formation, kinematics and metallicity and morphology. The observed differences across individual galaxies together with disturbed kinematics and morphologies can be interpreted as possible signs of recent interactions and/or mergers. Additionally, we present a comparison of different metallicity calibrations and search for systematic differences obtained using different methods.
Dwarf Galaxies: From the Epoch of Peak Star Formation to the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Atek Hakim
Published: October 2019

Dwarf galaxies represent the dominant population at high redshift and they most likely contributed in great part to star formation history of the Universe and cosmic reionization. The importance of dwarf galaxies at high redshift has been mostly recognized in the last decade due to large progress in observing facilities allowing deep galaxy surveys to identify low-mass galaxies. This population appear to have extreme emission lines and ionizing properties that challenge stellar population models. Star formation follows a stochastic process in these galaxies, which has important implication on the ionizing photon production and its escape fraction whose measurements are challenging for both simulations and observations. Outstanding questions include: what are the physical properties at the origin of such extreme properties? What are the smallest dark matter halos that host star formation? Are dwarf galaxies responsible for cosmic reionization?
Origin of Hot Bubble in NGC 6822 Hubble V Star-Forming Region
Authors: Lee Hye-In , Oh Heeyoung , Lim Beomdu , Le Huynh Anh N. , Lee Sungho , Mace Gregory , Jaffe Daniel T. , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Park Sangwook , Pak Soojong
Published: October 2019

We observed a bright H II complex, Hubble V in NGC 6822, using the high-resolution near-infrared spectrograph IGRINS (R = 45,000) attached on the 2.7 m telescope at the McDonald Observatory. We carried out a spectral mapping over a 15″ × 18″ region in the H and K bands using a slit-scanning technique. The emission lines Brγ and He i from ionized regions as well as molecular hydrogen lines from photo-dissociation regions (PDRs), were detected. We show three-dimensional maps of the emission lines and discuss the possibility of an expanding hot bubble structure within which many ionized components are around the central stellar cluster.
Galactic Winds in Low-Mass Galaxies
Authors: McQuinn Kristen B. W. , van Zee Liese , Skillman Evan D.
Published: October 2019

Mass-loss via stellar-feedback driven outflows is predicted to play a critical role in the baryon cycle of low-mass galaxies. However, observational constraints on warm winds are limited as outflows are transient, intrinsically low-surface brightness events and, thus, difficult to detect. Here, we search for outflows in a sample of eleven nearby starburst dwarf galaxies which are strong candidates for outflows. Despite deep H? imaging on galaxies, only a fraction of the sample show evidence of winds. The spatial extent of all detected ionized gas is limited and would still be considered part of the ISM by simulations. These new observations indicate that the physical extent of warm phase outflows is modest and most of the mass will be recycled to the galaxy. The sample is part of the panchromatic STARBurst IRegular Dwarf Survey (STARBIRDS) designed to characterize the starburst phenomenon and its impact on the evolution of low-mass galaxies.
CME: Typhus abdominalis – Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Prävention
Authors: Moser-van der Geest Noëlle , Schibli Adrian , Huber Lars C.
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung. Typhus ist zwar ein relativ seltenes Krankheitsbild in unseren Breitengraden, zählt aber zu den häufigsten Gründen für Fieber beim Reiserückkehrer aus tropischen Gebieten, insbesondere bei Patienten aus Süd(ost)asien und Subsahara-Afrika. Zu den typischen klinischen Manifestationen beim Typhus gehören i) Puls-Temperatur-Dissoziation, ii) Eosinopenie, iii) Entfieberung über mehrere Tage und iv) verschiedene Systemmanifestationen (z.B. Hepatitis). Der Goldstandard für die Diagnostik sind positive Blutkulturen. Die empirische antibiotische Therapie hängt stark vom Reiseland ab, da die Resistenzlage in den Endemiegebieten unterschiedlich ist. Die beste Prävention besteht in der Verwendung von hygienisch einwandfreiem Wasser und Vermeidung von rohen Speisen. Eine Typhusimpfung liefert ebenfalls einen gewissen Schutz.
e-Therapien bei Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa und Binge-Eating-Störung
Authors: Rubo Marius , Forrer Felicitas , Munsch Simone
Published: October 2019

Zusammenfassung. Essstörungen können zwar häufig psychotherapeutisch behandelt werden, doch wird die Mehrheit der Betroffenen vor allem aufgrund einer mangelnden Verfügbarkeit ausgebildeter Therapeuten keiner Behandlung zugeführt. Als eine neue Möglichkeit, bei gleichbleibender Anzahl verfügbarer Psychotherapeuten noch mehr Therapieplätze anbieten zu können, wurde in den letzten Jahren die internetbasierte Psychotherapie (e-Therapie) vorgeschlagen und in einigen Pilotprojekten erprobt. Die bisherigen Ergebnisse sind vielversprechend, doch muss vor einer Implementierung in die Regelversorgung noch näher beleuchtet werden, für welche Patienten diese Form der Therapie als gleichwertige Alternative zur klassischen Face-to-Face-Therapie empfohlen werden kann.