bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic Indium Nanoparticle‐Induced High‐Performance Photoswitch for Blue Light Detection
Authors: Wang Yuan , Ge Cai‐Wang , Zou Yi‐Feng , Lu Rui , Zheng Kun , Zhang Teng‐Fei , Yu Yong‐Qiang , Luo Lin‐Bao
Published: November 2015

Plasmonic nanostructures composed of poor metals (e.g., In, Cu, Al) have lately received increasing interest due to their low cost and natural abundance relative to noble metal nanoparticles (e.g., Au, Ag, Pt). To date, while considerable progress has been achieved with regard to the utilization of plasmonic noble metal nanostructures for optimizing various optoelectronic devices, little work has been performed to study the device appplication of poor metals. In this study, a high‐performance blue light nano‐photodetector is induced through the use of a highly ordered indium nanoparticle (InNP) array. Electrical analysis reveals that, after decoration with the plasmonic InNP array, the photocurrent of the nano‐photodetector increases considerably, giving rise to an obvious increase in responsivity and gain. Such an increase in device performance, according to simulations based on the finite element method, is attributed to the plasmonic InNPs which can induce direct electron transfer from InNPs to ZnSe nanoribbons. This study suggests that poor metal nanoparticles are equally important candidates for boosting the device performance of light‐harvesting optoelectronic devices.
Characteristics of workplace violence prevention training and violent events among home health and hospice care providers
Authors: Vladutiu Catherine J. , Casteel Carri , Nocera Maryalice , Harrison Robert , Peek‐Asa Corinne
Published: November 2015

Background

In the rapidly growing home health and hospice industry, little is known about workplace violence prevention (WVP) training and violent events.

Methods

We examined the characteristics of WVP training and estimated violent event rates among 191 home health and hospice care providers from six agencies in California. Training characteristics were identified from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines. Rates were estimated as the number of violent events divided by the total number of home visit hours.

Results

Between 2008 and 2009, 66.5% (n = 127) of providers reported receiving WVP training when newly hired or as recurrent training. On average, providers rated the quality of their training as 5.7 (1 = poor to 10 = excellent). Among all providers, there was an overall rate of 17.1 violent events per 1,000 visit‐hours.

Conclusion

Efforts to increase the number of home health care workers who receive WVP training and to improve training quality are needed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:23–30, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Die Molybdän(V)‐ und Wolfram(VI)‐oxoazide [MoO(N3)3], [MoO(N3)3⋅2 CH3CN], [(bipy)MoO(N3)3], [MoO(N3)5]2−, [WO(N3)4] und [WO(N3)4⋅CH3CN]
Authors: Haiges Ralf , Skotnitzki Juri , Fang Zongtang , Dixon David A. , Christe Karl O.
Published: November 2015

Eine Serie neuartiger Molybdän(V)‐ und Wolfram(VI)‐oxoazide wurde ausgehend von [MOF4] (M=Mo, W) und Me3SiN3 synthetisiert. Während [WO(N3)4] durch Fluorid‐Azid‐Austausch in der Umsetzung von Me3SiN3 mit [WOF4] in SO2‐Lösung erhalten wurde, resultierte die Reaktion mit MoOF4 in einer Reduktion von MoVI zu MoV unter Bildung von [MoO(N3)3]. Entsprechende Umsetzungen in Acetonitrillösung führten zur Isolierung der Addukte [MoO(N3)3⋅2 CH3CN] und [WO(N3)4⋅CH3CN]. [(bipy)MoO(N3)3] und [PPh4]2[MoO(N3)5] konnten nach anschließenden Umsetzungen von [MoO(N3)3] mit 2,2′‐Bipyridin bzw. [PPh4][N3] isoliert werden. Die Molybdän(V)‐ und Wolfram(VI)‐oxoazide wurden schwingungsspektroskopisch, bezüglich ihrer Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Schlag, Reibung und Erhitzen, und im Fall von [WO(N3)4⋅CH3CN], [(bipy)MoO(N3)3] und [PPh4]2[MoO(N3)5] auch durch Kristallstrukturanalysen charakterisiert.
Optische Kontrolle der Insulinsekretion mit einem Inkretinschalter
Authors: Broichhagen Johannes , Podewin Tom , Meyer‐Berg Helena , von Ohlen Yorrick , Johnston Natalie R. , Jones Ben J. , Bloom Stephen R. , Rutter Guy A. , Hoffmann‐Röder Anja , Hodson David J. , Trauner Dirk
Published: November 2015

Inkretin‐Mimetika sind auf dem besten Weg, sich zu einer tragenden Säule in der Typ‐2‐Diabetes‐Behandlung zu entwickeln. Durch ihre Wirkung auf die Bauchspeicheldrüse und das Gehirn verstärken sie die Insulinsekretion, induzieren einen Gewichtsverlust und halten die Normoglykämie aufrecht. Allerdings wird die Inkretin‐Therapie mit Nebenwirkungen wie Übelkeit und Magen‐Darm‐Störungen in Verbindung gebracht. Hier stellen wir ein neuartiges photoschaltbares Inkretin‐Mimetikum vor, das auf Liraglutid, einem spezifischen Agonisten des Glucagon‐artigen Peptid‐1‐Rezeptors (GLP‐1R), basiert. Dieses Peptid, genannt LirAzo, enthält eine Azobenzoleinheit, wodurch der GLP‐1R mit Lichtempfindlichkeit und isomerabhängigen Signaleigenschaften ausgestattet wird. Während das trans‐Isomer in erster Linie den Ca2+‐Einstrom in das Zytosol beeinflusst, begünstigt das cis‐Isomer vorwiegend die Bildung von cAMP. Somit ermöglicht LirAzo die optische Kontrolle der Insulinsekretion und des Zellenüberlebens.
Redox‐Controlled Olefin (Co)Polymerization Catalyzed by Ferrocene‐Bridged Phosphine‐Sulfonate Palladium Complexes
Authors: Chen Min , Yang Bangpei , Chen Changle
Published: November 2015

The facile and reversible interconversion between neutral and oxidized forms of palladium complexes containing ferrocene‐bridged phosphine sulfonate ligands was demonstrated. The activity of these palladium complexes could be controlled using redox reagents during ethylene homopolymerization, ethylene/methyl acrylate copolymerization, and norbornene oligomerization. Specifically in norbornene oligomerization, the neutral complexes were not active at all whereas the oxidized counterparts showed appreciable activity. In situ switching between the neutral and oxidized forms resulted in an interesting “off” and “on” behavior in norbornene oligomerization. This work provides a new strategy to control the olefin polymerization process.
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Imine‐Containing Dibenzo[b,d]azepines by a Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed [5+2] Oxidative Annulation of o‐Arylanilines with Alkynes
Authors: Zuo Zhijun , Liu Jingjing , Nan Jiang , Fan Liangxin , Sun Wei , Wang Yaoyu , Luan Xinjun
Published: November 2015

A novel palladium(II)‐catalyzed [5+2] oxidative annulation of readily available o‐arylanilines with alkynes has been developed for building a seven‐membered N‐heterocyclic architecture containing a biaryl linkage. This method is applicable to a wide range of unprotected o‐arylanilines and internal alkynes, and results in the chemoselective preparation of imine‐containing dibenzo[b,d]azepines in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivity with respect to the two types of stereogenic elements.
The Molybdenum(V) and Tungsten(VI) Oxoazides [MoO(N3)3], [MoO(N3)3⋅2 CH3CN], [(bipy)MoO(N3)3], [MoO(N3)5]2−, [WO(N3)4], and [WO(N3)4⋅CH3CN]
Authors: Haiges Ralf , Skotnitzki Juri , Fang Zongtang , Dixon David A. , Christe Karl O.
Published: November 2015

A series of novel molybdenum(V) and tungsten(VI) oxoazides was prepared starting from [MOF4] (M=Mo, W) and Me3SiN3. While [WO(N3)4] was formed through fluoride–azide exchange in the reaction of Me3SiN3 with WOF4 in SO2 solution, the reaction with MoOF4 resulted in a reduction of MoVI to MoV and formation of [MoO(N3)3]. Carried out in acetonitrile solution, these reactions resulted in the isolation of the corresponding adducts [MoO(N3)3⋅2 CH3CN] and [WO(N3)4⋅CH3CN]. Subsequent reactions of [MoO(N3)3] with 2,2′‐bipyridine and [PPh4][N3] resulted in the formation and isolation of [(bipy)MoO(N3)3] and [PPh4]2[MoO(N3)5], respectively. Most molybdenum(V) and tungsten(VI) oxoazides were fully characterized by their vibrational spectra, impact, friction and thermal sensitivity data and, in the case of [WO(N3)4⋅CH3CN], [(bipy)MoO(N3)3], and [PPh4]2[MoO(N3)5], by their X‐ray crystal structures.
Optical Control of Insulin Secretion Using an Incretin Switch
Authors: Broichhagen Johannes , Podewin Tom , Meyer‐Berg Helena , von Ohlen Yorrick , Johnston Natalie R. , Jones Ben J. , Bloom Stephen R. , Rutter Guy A. , Hoffmann‐Röder Anja , Hodson David J. , Trauner Dirk
Published: November 2015

Incretin mimetics are set to become a mainstay of type 2 diabetes treatment. By acting on the pancreas and brain, they potentiate insulin secretion and induce weight loss to preserve normoglycemia. Despite this, incretin therapy has been associated with off‐target effects, including nausea and gastrointestinal disturbance. A novel photoswitchable incretin mimetic based upon the specific glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R) agonist liraglutide was designed, synthesized, and tested. This peptidic compound, termed LirAzo, possesses an azobenzene photoresponsive element, affording isomer‐biased GLP‐1R signaling as a result of differential activation of second messenger pathways in response to light. While the trans isomer primarily engages calcium influx, the cis isomer favors cAMP generation. LirAzo thus allows optical control of insulin secretion and cell survival.
An Upstream By‐product from Ester Activation via NHC‐Catalysis Catalyzes Downstream Sulfonyl Migration Reaction
Authors: Han Runfeng , He Liwenze , Liu Lin , Xie Xingang , She Xuegong
Published: November 2015

A sequential reaction combining N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) catalysis allowed for the upstream by‐product NHPI, which was generated in the NHC‐catalyzed cycloaddition reaction, to act as the catalyst for a downstream nitrogen‐to‐carbon sulfonyl migration reaction. Enantiomeric excess of the major product in the cycloaddition reaction remained intact in the follow‐up sulfonyl migration reaction.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Tragverhalten von Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecken aus Buche
Authors: Boccadoro Lorenzo , Frangi Andrea
Published: November 2015

Am Institut für Baustatik und Konstruktion IBK der ETH Zürich wurde der Prototyp einer neuartigen Holz‐Beton‐Verbunddecke aus Laubholz entwickelt. Die Verbunddecke besteht aus dünnen (40 mm dicken) Furnierschichtholzplatten aus Buche (BauBuche) und einer 120 bis 160 mm dicken Betonschicht. Die Buchenplatten übernehmen sowohl die Funktion der Schalung als auch der Zugbewehrung. Als Verbund zwischen Beton und Holz werden 15 mm tiefe Kerben ins Holz gefräst, die zu einer steifen mechanischen Verzahnung zwischen Beton und Holz führen. Der Artikel stellt die Leitidee der Verbunddecke sowie die umfassenden durchgeführten experimentellen Untersuchungen vor. Dieses neuartige Deckensystem wurde im ETH House of Natural Resources (www.honr.ethz.ch) erstmals weltweit umgesetzt.

Experimental analysis on the structural behavior of timber‐concrete composite slabs made of beech

At the Institute of Structural Engineering of the ETH Zurich, an innovative timber‐concrete composite slab made of hardwood has been developed. This composite slab is made of a 40 mm thick beech laminated veneer lumber plate (BauBuche) and a 120–160 mm thick concrete layer. The beech plates act as formwork and tensile reinforcement. The connection between the two materials is accomplished with 15 mm deep notches in the timber plate, which ensure a stiff composite action. This paper presents the basic concept of the composite slab as well as the extensive performed experimental investigations. This innovative slab system was implemented for the first time in the ETH House of Natural Resources (www.honr.ethz.ch).
Axial beanspruchte Holzschrauben in Vollholz, Brettschichtholz und Brettsperrholz
Authors: Ringhofer Andreas , Brandner Reinhard , Flatscher Georg , Schickhofer Gerhard
Published: November 2015

Dieser Fachaufsatz behandelt das Tragverhalten axial beanspruchter, selbstbohrender Holzschrauben in den geschichteten, brettbasierenden Holzwerkstoffen Brettschichtholz und Brettsperrholz bzw. in Vollholz. Mit Fokus auf den Versagensmechanismus “Herausziehen” wird auf Basis zahlreicher Untersuchungen in der Vergangenheit ein neues universelles Modell zur Bestimmung der Ausziehfestigkeit formuliert, welches mittels multiplikativem Ansatz eigens definierter k‐Faktoren bzw. k‐Funktionen in der Lage ist, die große Bandbreite an unterschiedlichen Einbausituationen in den betreffenden Holzwerkstoffen abzubilden. Eine Verifizierung dieses Modells erfolgt anschließend unter Zugrundelegung einer umfangreichen Sammlung an Prüfdaten, vergleichbarer Ansätze aus der Literatur und Prüfergebnissen von Schraubenverbindungen in Form von Brettsperrholz‐Wand‐Decken‐ bzw.‐Wand‐Wand‐Anschlüssen. Abschließend wird ein Ansatz zur Bestimmung des charakteristischen Wertes der Ausziehfestigkeit für die Anwendung in der Praxis abgeleitet, diskutiert und erneut den Prüfergebnissen gegenübergestellt.

Axially loaded screws in solid timber, glued laminated timber and cross laminated timber

This paper concentrates on the bearing behavior of axially loaded self‐tapping screws in solid timber and the board‐composed, layered timber products glued laminated timber and cross laminated timber. Focusing on withdrawal failure mode and basing on numerous investigations done in the past, we formulate a new and universal approach including multiplicative k‐factors or k‐functions for determining the withdrawal strength of self‐tapping screws variably situated in these products. Consequently, we verify the new model with results gained from several test series related, approaches given in the literature and test results of CLT‐wall‐to‐floor and ‐wall‐to‐wall connections. Finally, we determine, discuss and verify a characteristic function provided for practical application.
Childhood wellbeing: what role for education?
Authors: Spratt Jennifer
Published: November 2015

The word wellbeing is ubiquitous in political discourse, and concerns about childhood wellbeing are particularly rife. This paper identifies, in the context of Scottish policy, how different professional discourses of wellbeing have migrated into education policy and it examines how this relates to learning. Taking a view of policy enactment as recontextualisation, the paper also explores how teachers and policy actors understand their role in supporting wellbeing. The paper shows how Scottish policy portrays wellbeing as personal skills of self‐management (discourses of health promotion, and of social and emotional literacy) fostered through a caring environment. Health and wellbeing is represented as a prerequisite for learning, rather than an outcome of education. The contribution of teaching and learning to childhood wellbeing is over‐shadowed. While some interviewees repeated or reinforced the main messages of policy, others took a more nuanced view, identifying how a high quality learning experience could enhance the lives of children in the present and the future. Moreover, teacher interviews showed how good relationships were not simply a foundation for learning; they were also a product of the shared pedagogical endeavour. The paper concludes by suggesting that the relationship between learning and wellbeing can be considered at different levels. At a basic level psychological and physical wellbeing enhances opportunities to engage in education, but at a more complex level, the choices that teachers make about content and pedagogy can create opportunities for young people to lead lives they have reason to value.
Konzeption von Teilsicherheitsfaktoren für Verstärkungen von Biegequerschnitten mittels Carbonbeton
Authors: Häußler‐Combe Ulrich , Jesse Frank , Weselek Jörg
Published: November 2015

Zur Verstärkung von Stahlbetontragwerken stehen verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften entsprechender Materialien unterliegen grundsätzlich in gleicher Weise Streuungen wie konventioneller Beton und Betonstahl und beeinflussen damit auch das Streuverhalten der Widerstandsseite insgesamt. Im Rahmen des semiprobabilistischen Sicherheitskonzepts sind damit geeignete Teilsicherheitsfaktoren für die Verstärkungsmaterialien festzulegen. Der vorliegende Beitrag entwickelt dazu zunächst ein probabilistisches Modell für mit Carbonbeton verstärkte Biegequerschnitte. Auf der Grundlage dieses Modells wird das Sicherheitsniveau abgeschätzt, welches in Abhängigkeit vom Teilsicherheitsfaktor des Verstärkungsmaterials mit dem konventionellen semiprobabilistischen Sicherheitskonzept erreicht wird. Damit soll auch für neue innovative Bauweisen, für die bisher keine umfangreichen Anwendungserfahrungen vorliegen, ein Weg zur Bestimmung von Teilsicherheitsfaktoren beschrieben werden, welche einerseits deren Tragfähigkeitspotenzial ausschöpfen, andererseits ein bewährtes Sicherheitsniveau gewährleisten.

Partial Safety Factors for Strengthening of Bending Cross Sections

Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures is generally performed with shotcrete, externally bonded steel plates, CFK‐lamellas and CF‐sheets. Carbon concrete may also be used more recently. The mechanical properties of corresponding materials are basically subject to scatter in the same way as conventional concrete and reinforcing steel and they also contribute to the scatter of the total resistance side. Thus, appropriate partial safety factors are required within the framework of the semiprobabilistic safety concept. This paper first develops a probabilistic model for strengthened bending cross sections with carbon concrete. The probabilistic model is used to estimate the safety level which is reached depending on the partial safety factor of the strengthening material using the semiprobabilistic safety concept. Therewith a way to determine partial safety factors shall be developed for new innovative construction methods without comprehensive application experience, which on one hand exploit their load carrying capacities and ensure a proven safety level on the other hand.
Rissflankenbruchneigung von befahrenen Industrieböden
Authors: Oster Sebastian , Schnell Jürgen , Casucci Daniele
Published: November 2015

Rissflankenbrüche sind eine spezielle Verschleißerscheinung bei befahrenen Industrieböden aus Beton. Die Rissflankenbruchneigung wurde an der TU Kaiserslautern im Rahmen von zwei Forschungsprojekten experimentell untersucht. Mit verschiedenen Arten von Rädern wurden hierbei Risse unterschiedlicher Breite 25 000‐mal überfahren. Es konnten wesentliche Einflussfaktoren auf die Rissflankenbruchneigung bei Industrieböden ohne Oberflächenschutzsystem identifiziert werden. Einen dominierenden Einfluss hat die Art der Räder, mit denen der Betonboden befahren wird. Dabei spielen in erster Linie das Reifenmaterial, aber auch die Breite und das Profil der Bereifung eine Rolle. Weiterhin hat die Beschaffenheit des Industriebodens selbst einen bedeutenden Einfluss.

Auf Basis der durchgeführten Versuche wurde ein Konzept zur Prognose von Rissflankenbrüchen entwickelt. Dabei wurde der Weg gewählt, für geplante Beanspruchungen zu erwartende Verschleißbilder für verschiedene Industriebodenvarianten beispielhaft anzugeben. Auf dieser Grundlage können Bauherren, Planer und Bauausführende Erwartungen abgleichen und ausgewogene Festlegungen treffen.

Probability of Fracturing Crack Edges

Crack edge fracturing is a wearing effect of industrial floor slabs. As part of two research projects, the probability of fracturing crack edges was investigated at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. With various types of wheels, cracks with different widths were crossed 25 000 times. It succeeded to identify the main factors of influencing on the probability of fracturing crack edges on industrial floor slabs without coating. Dominant influence has the choice of wheels used on the floor (material and dimensions). Moreover the choice of floor system has a significant influence on the probability of fracturing crack edges as well as the manufacturing quality and the crack path or crack pattern.

Based on the carried out tests a concept to deal with crack edge fracturing or to prevent crack edge fracturing was developed. Therefore the approach was chosen to specify exemplary expected damage patterns for a planned stress and for different industrial floor slabs. On this basis clients, designer and constructors can compare expectations and make balanced agreements before execution.
Musikkens Hus Aalborg – House of Music
Authors: Peseke Horst , Stahr Alexander , Grohmann Manfred , Bollinger Klaus
Published: November 2015

Das Musikkens Hus Aalborg (engl. Projektname House of Music) ist ein Konzerthaus und Konservatorium für Musiker des Aalborg Philharmonic Orchestra. Das Haus präsentiert sich, der dekonstruktivistischen Entwurfshaltung des Architekten WOLF PRIX folgend, als Gebäudeensemble aus verschiedenen geometrischen Großformen. Der Konzertsaal in Form eines gestreckten Kubus bildet den Kern des Ensembles. Um ihn legt sich der bügelförmige Baukörper des Konservatoriums, dessen offene Seite von dem Prisma des Foyers geschlossen wird. Der schiefe Konus des Restaurants und der flach gekrümmte Kubus eines Kammermusiksaales komplettieren die Hauptfassade zu beiden Seiten des Foyers. Jeder der beschriebenen Baukörper begründet sich aus den unterschiedlichen funktionalen Anforderungen, wobei der Konzertsaal insbesondere wegen seiner hohen akustischen Anforderungen die anderen Bereiche beeinflusste. In die Tragwerksplanung für das Objekt waren die Ingenieure von Bollinger + Grohmann in Zusammenarbeit mit der dänischen Ingenieurgesellschaft RAMBøLL verantwortlich. Die Entwicklung von Lösungen unter verschiedenen Randbedingungen und Anforderungen fand mithilfe unterschiedlicher Methoden statt.

The Musikkens Hus Aarlborg (engl. project title House of Music) is a concert hall and music academy for musicians of the Aarlborg Philharmonic Orchestra. With its arrangement of different, geometrical major volumes the building reflects the deconstructivistic design attitude of Architect Wolf Prix. The concert hall with its shape of an elongated cube provides the centre of the building ensemble. It is embraced by the u‐shaped building volume of the academy, whose open edge is closed by the prism of the foyer. The oblique cone of the restaurant and the shallowly cambered cube of the intimate hall complete the main elevation to either side of the foyer. Each of the described building volumes is established by the various functional requirements, where the main concert hall with its high acoustic performance requirements particularly influenced the other areas. The engineers of Bollinger+Grohmann together with RAMBøLL were responsible for the structural design of this project. The development of solutions happened for a variety of boundary conditions and requirements with various techniques.
Hydrolysis of synthetic polyesters by Clostridium botulinum esterases
Authors: Perz Veronika , Baumschlager Armin , Bleymaier Klaus , Zitzenbacher Sabine , Hromic Altijana , Steinkellner Georg , Pairitsch Andris , Łyskowski Andrzej , Gruber Karl , Sinkel Carsten , Küper Ulf , Ribitsch Doris , Guebitz Georg M.
Published: November 2015

Two novel esterases from the anaerobe Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502 (Cbotu_EstA and Cbotu_EstB) were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21‐Gold(DE3) and were found to hydrolyze the polyester poly(butylene adipate‐co‐butylene terephthalate) (PBAT). The active site residues (triad Ser, Asp, His) are present in both enzymes at the same location only with some amino acid variations near the active site at the surrounding of aspartate. Yet, Cbotu_EstA showed higher kcat values on para‐nitrophenyl butyrate and para‐nitrophenyl acetate and was considerably more active (sixfold) on PBAT. The entrance to the active site of the modeled Cbotu_EstB appears more narrowed compared to the crystal structure of Cbotu_EstA and the N‐terminus is shorter which could explain its lower activity on PBAT. The Cbotu_EstA crystal structure consists of two regions that may act as movable cap domains and a zinc metal binding site. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1024–1034. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deletion of a telomeric region on chromosome 8 correlates with higher productivity and stability of CHO cell lines
Authors: Ritter Anett , Voedisch Bernd , Wienberg Johannes , Wilms Burkhard , Geisse Sabine , Jostock Thomas , Laux Holger
Published: November 2015

Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are widely used for large scale production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals. Although these cells have been extensively used, a demand to further increase the performance, for example, to facilitate the process of clone selection to isolate the highest producing cell lines that maintain stability of production over time is still existing. We compared gene expression profiles of high versus low producing CHO clones to identify regulated genes which can be used as biomarkers during clone selection or for cell line engineering. We present evidence that increased production rates and cell line stability are correlated with the loss of the telomeric region of the chromosome 8. A new parental CHO cell line lacking this region was generated and its capability for protein production was assessed. The average volumetric productivity of cells after gene transfer and selection was found to be several fold improved, facilitating the supply of early drug substance material to determine for example, quality. In addition, significantly more cell clones with a higher average productivity and higher protein production stability were obtained with the new host cell line after single cell cloning. This allows reduced efforts in single cell sorting, screening of fewer clones and raises the opportunity to circumvent time and labor‐intensive stability studies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1084–1093. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta-analysis of colloids versus crystalloids in critically ill, trauma and surgical patients
Authors: Qureshi S H , Rizvi S I , Patel N N , Murphy G J
Published: November 2015

Background

There is uncertainty regarding the safety of different volume replacement solutions. The aim of this study was systematically to review evidence of crystalloid versus colloid solutions, and to determine whether these results are influenced by trial design or clinical setting.

Methods

PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were used to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared crystalloids with colloids as volume replacement solutions in patients with traumatic injuries, those undergoing surgery and in critically ill patients. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for mortality and major morbidity including renal injury were pooled using fixed-effect and random-effects models.

Results

Some 59 RCTs involving 16 889 patients were included in the analysis. Forty-one studies (69 per cent) were found to have selection, detection or performance bias. Colloid administration did not lead to increased mortality (32 trials, 16 647 patients; OR 0·99, 95 per cent c.i. 0·92 to 1·06), but did increase the risk of developing acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy (9 trials, 11 648 patients; OR 1·35, 1·17 to 1·57). Sensitivity analyses that excluded small and low-quality studies did not substantially alter these results. Subgroup analyses by type of colloid showed that increased mortality and renal replacement therapy were associated with use of pentastarch, and increased risk of renal injury and renal replacement therapy with use of tetrastarch. Subgroup analysis indicated that the risks of mortality and renal injury attributable to colloids were observed only in critically ill patients with sepsis.

Conclusion

Current general restrictions on the use of colloid solutions are not supported by evidence.
Low‐dose rotenone exposure induces early senescence leading to late apoptotic signaling cascade in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell line: An in vitro glaucoma model
Authors: Maurya Nancy , Agarwal Nupur Rani , Ghosh Ilora
Published: November 2015

This study aimed to determine whether the prolonged exposure of the human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell line to a low dose (1 nM) of rotenone could simulate a glaucomatous‐like condition and serve as a cellular model for its etiological analysis. Under 1‐nM rotenone exposure for 24–72 h, HTM cells showed a decrease in cell viability as assessed by an MTT assay and showed mitochondrial dysfunction as assessed by measuring H2DCFDA fluorescence; a decrease in ATP level was also observed. Flow cytometric analysis showed an increase in cellular size and granularity. Elevated AF showed initial senescence. LF staining with SBB and its spectrofluorometric quantification confirmed growth arrest. An accumulation of cytoplasmic myocilin, IL‐6, and MMP‐9 at 72 h of exposure supported glaucomatous induction. TEM revealed morphological changes in mitochondria and nuclei of treated cells. Signaling cascades were assessed by immunoblotting and immunocytochemical analysis. This study showed a shift in status of the cells from initial senescence to induction of apoptosis in the HTM cell line due to continuous low‐dose exposure to rotenone; however, at 72 h, both senescence and apoptotic features are apparent in these cells. This is the first report that reveals the potential of a prolonged low‐dose exposure of rotenone to simulate senescence in the HTM cell line to cause a glaucomatous condition.
Spontaneous seromuscular laceration of the sigmoid colon: a case report
Authors: Pollard Courtney , Fransman Ryan B. , Jessie Timothy A. , Gurfinchel Gregory
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical Message

Injury to bowel can result in high morbidity and death. Bowel injuries typically occur after external trauma to the abdomen. Bowel injury in the absence of external trauma is rare. Here, we report a 36‐year‐old male presenting with a sigmoid colon laceration likely due to long‐standing constipation.
Acute respiratory failure due to thyroid storm developing immediately after delivery
Authors: Kitazawa Chie , Aoki Shigeru , Takahashi Tsuneo , Hirahara Fumiki
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical Message

Acute respiratory failure occurs in less than 0.1% of pregnancies. Thyroid storm should be included in the differential diagnosis of possible causes of acute respiratory failure occurring immediately after delivery, and delivery is a high risk factor for thyroid storm in pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis.
Reactor Comparison for the Esterification of Fatty Acids from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Mazubert Alex , Crockatt Marc , Poux Martine , Aubin Joelle , Roelands Mark
Published: November 2015

Esterification of the fatty acids contained in waste cooking oil with glycerol, a reaction involving immiscible and viscous reactants, was achieved in two pilot‐scale continuous pulsed reactors: the oscillatory baffled reactor and the helix reactor. In both reactors, with or without baffles, the reaction reaches its thermodynamic equilibrium at lower temperatures, shorter residence times and with higher selectivities than those reported in the literature. This equilibrium is then shifted by an increase in the excess of glycerol, or by removing water from the reactive media by an intermediary decantation or by the use of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, a surfactant catalyst. Further investigations would be required to increase the conversions without decreasing the selectivities, by increasing the initial amount of free fatty acids.
A Photoactivatable Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complex Conjugated to the RNA Ligand Guanidinoneomycin
Authors: Shaili Evyenia , Fernández‐Giménez Marta , Rodríguez‐Astor Savina , Gandioso Albert , Sandín Lluís , García‐Vélez Carlos , Massaguer Anna , Clarkson Guy J. , Woods Julie A. , Sadler Peter J. , Marchán Vicente
Published: November 2015

A photoactivatable platinum(IV) complex, trans,trans,trans‐[Pt(N3)2(OH)(succ)(py)2] (succ=succinylate, py=pyridine), has been conjugated to guanidinoneomycin to study the effect of this guanidinum‐rich compound on the photoactivation, intracellular accumulation and phototoxicity of the pro‐drug. Surprisingly, trifluoroacetic acid treatment causes the replacement of an azido ligand and the axial hydroxide ligand by trifluoroacetate, as shown by NMR spectroscopy, MS and X‐ray crystallography. Photoactivation of the platinum–guanidinoneomycin conjugate in the presence of 5′‐guanosine monophosphate (5′‐GMP) led to the formation of trans‐[Pt(N3)(py)2(5′‐GMP)]+, as does the parent platinum(IV) complex. Binding of the platinum(II) photoproduct {PtN3(py)2}+ to guanine nucleobases in a short single‐stranded oligonucleotide was also observed. Finally, cellular uptake studies showed that guanidinoneomycin conjugation improved the intracellular accumulation of the platinum(IV) pro‐drug in two cancer cell lines, particularly in SK‐MEL‐28 cells. Notably, the higher phototoxicity of the conjugate in SK‐MEL‐28 cells than in DU‐145 cells suggests a degree of selectivity towards the malignant melanoma cell line.
Multifunctional Logic in a Photosensitizer with Triple‐Mode Fluorescent and Photodynamic Activity
Authors: van de Winckel Eveline , Schneider Rudolf J. , de la Escosura Andrés , Torres Tomás
Published: November 2015

Herein we describe a photosensitizer (PS) with the capacity to perform multiple logic operations based on a pyrene‐containing phthalocyanine (Pc) derivative. The system presents three output signals (fluorescence at 377 and 683 nm, and singlet oxygen (1O2) production), which are dependent on three inputs: two chemical (concentration of dithiothreitol (DTT) and acidic pH) and one physical (visible light above 530 nm for 1O2 sensitization). The multi‐input/multioutput nature of this PS leads to single‐, double‐, and triple‐mode activation pathways of its fluorescent and photodynamic functions, through the interplay of various interrelated AND, ID, and INHIBIT gates. Dual fluorescence emissions are potentially useful for orthogonal optical imaging protocols while 1O2 is the main reactive species in photodynamic therapy (PDT). We thus expect that this kind of PS logic system will be of great interest for multimodal cellular imaging and therapeutic applications.
Fluoride Sorption Onto a Steam‐Activated Biochar Derived From Cocos nucifera Shell
Authors: Halder Gopinath , Khan Anoar Ali , Dhawane Sumit
Published: November 2015

Fluoride‐contaminated water and its potential menace to the human being has been of enormous environmental concern toward exploration of significant remedial measures. The present investigation focused on the removal of fluoride from synthetic wastewater using superheated steam activated biochar (SAB) derived from Cocos nucifera shell. The experiments were carried out under the influence of three operational parameters viz. pH, SAB dose, and contact time in the range of 5–8, 2–7 g/L, and 60–120 min, respectively, following the experimental matrix developed by central composite design approach. SAB was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction to prevail the physical properties and detect the surface contexture. At a fixed initial concentration of 10 mg/L for the synthetic solution, the maximum removal was 83.04% at pH 6.5, contact time 90 min, SAB dose 8.7 g/L, temperature 30 °C and 300 rpm, while for the sample collected from Asanjola it was 81.3% for the initial concentration of 7 mg/L under the same process conditions. The significance of process parameters was checked by analysis of variance and a regression model was derived. The results of the study revealed that the SAB indigenously prepared from C. nucifera shell could be an eminent adsorbent for the defluoridation of water.
Adequacy in voided urine cytology specimens: The role of volume and a repeat void upon predictive values for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma
Authors: VandenBussche Christopher J. , Rosenthal Dorothy L. , Olson Matthew T.
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Adequacy assessment is one of the most controversial and overlooked components in the daily practice of cytopathology, because it is generally determined from limited samples. Because voided urine varies widely in terms of its volume and cellularity, there is little consensus about the proper role for these variables in assessing specimen adequacy. In this study, the authors explored the role of volume in voided urine specimens to determine whether it plays a role in determining adequacy for the detection of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma.

METHODS

Voided urine specimens received at the authors' laboratory over the 9.5 years since the introduction of the Johns Hopkins Template for Reporting Urinary Cytopathology were analyzed for correlations between volume, specimen adequacy, and the diagnosis of high‐grade malignancy. The same data set also was queried to determine whether a patient who provided a voided low‐volume specimen could yield a higher volume specimen and thereby increase adequacy.

RESULTS

In total, 15,731 voided urine specimens with a cumulative volume of 891 liters originating from 8594 individual patients were analyzed. Specimen adequacy increased linearly for each increment of volume submitted to the laboratory up to 30 mL, after which the correlation was nonlinear. Low‐volume specimens below this cutoff also had lower fractions of specimens that were diagnosed as malignant or suspicious.

CONCLUSIONS

Volume is an important component in the evaluation of adequacy for voided urine cytology specimens. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:174–180. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Enough is enough: Adequacy of voided urine cytology
Authors: Barkan Güliz A.
Published: November 2015

Because The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology includes results that are categorized as unsatisfactory/nondiagnostic, definitions for this category are needed across all urinary specimens (voided, instrumented) and preparation types. The study herein by VandenBussche et al is the first attempt to tackle this adequacy issue in voided urine specimens, but it raises further questions that hopefully will be clarified by collaborative efforts of the cytopathology and urology community.
Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Nanoporous Au/CoO Core–Shell Material with Synergistic Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Chao , Huang Bin , Qian Lihua , Yuan Songliu , Wang Shuai , Chen Rong
Published: November 2015

An ultrathin CoO layer is deposited on the skeleton surfaces of a nanoporous gold (NPG) film by using atomic layer deposition, creating a flexible electrode. Detailed characterization demonstrates the superior performance of the flexible NPG/CoO hybrids for electrochemical catalysis. The NPG/CoO hybrid not only achieves high catalytic activity for glucose oxidation and H2O2 reduction, but also exhibits a linear dependence of the electrical signal on the concentration of glucose and H2O2 molecules in the electrolyte. Meanwhile, the sensitivity for H2O2 reduction can be as high as 62.5 μA mm−1 cm−2 with linear dependence on the concentration in the range of 0.1–92.9 mm. The high sensitivity is proposed to result from the synergistic effect of Au and CoO at the interfaces, and the high conductivity of the gold skeleton with a large surface area. The superior electrochemical performance of this hybrid electrode is promising for future potential applications in various transitional‐metal‐oxide‐based electrochemical electrodes.
Direct Catalytic Transformation of Biomass Derivatives into Biofuel Component γ‐Valerolactone with Magnetic Nickel–Zirconium Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Hu , Fang Zhen , Yang Song
Published: November 2015

A series of mixed oxide nanoparticles were prepared by a coprecipitation method and characterized by many techniques. Nickel–zirconium oxide catalysts and their partially reduced magnetic counterparts were highly efficient in the direct transformation of biomass derivatives, including ethyl levulinate, fructose, glucose, cellobiose, and carboxymethyl cellulose, into γ‐valerolactone (GVL) without the use of an external hydrogen source, producing a maximum GVL yield of 95.2 % at 200 °C for 3 h with hydrogen‐reduced magnetic Zr5Ni5 nanoparticles (<20 nm). The acid–base bifunctionality of these nanocatalysts plays a synergic role in the synthesis of GVL in alcohols, whereas appropriate control of the nickel/zirconium molar ratio is able to improve the selectivity towards GVL (≈98 %), along with high formation rates (up to 54.9 mmol g−1 h−1). Moreover, the magnetic Zr5Ni5 nanoparticles were conveniently recovered by means of a magnet for five cycles with almost constant activity.
Regenerative ophthalmology: Technologic and pharmacologic approaches to restoring sight via retinal prosthesis
Authors: Iezzi R
Published: November 2015

Retinal prosthesis technology can restore rudimentary form vision in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) who have lost all eyesight. This continually advancing field within regenerative ophthalmology represents the merger of micro‐electromechanical systems technology with neurosensory retina. This man‐machine interface is reliant upon the long‐term health of a neurosensory retina undergoing progressive pathophysiologic changes. Pharmacologic approaches that address the pathophysiologic consequences of RP will likely play an important role for all regenerative treatment strategies.
An unconditionally sound algorithm for testability analysis in linear time‐invariant electrical networks
Authors: Fontana G. , Luchetta A. , Manetti S. , Piccirilli M. C.
Published: November 2015

The issue of testability, intended as a measure of solvability of the parametric fault diagnosis problem in analog linear time‐invariant electrical networks, is addressed in this paper. Independently of the considered fault location method, such important metric provides information as to how many and which components can be diagnosed. For the reader's convenience and to set up an appropriate framework for our main achievements, our first concern is to rederive fundamental results concerning analog linear time‐invariant electrical network testability hinging on multifrequency measurements. Then a novel algorithm for testability analysis is proposed, which is straightforward and able to circumvent the main drawbacks of formerly proposed methods, such as computational and conceptual complexities, proneness to roundoff errors, and vulnerability to particular cases. A computer program that implements such algorithm is also described. Moreover, the possibility of employing further simplified versions of the latter and their links with a previously proposed approach are discussed on rigorous bases. Finally, examples are provided, which show the effectiveness and robustness of the new algorithms, also by means of a comparison with the old ones. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wireless power charger for wearable medical devices with in‐band communication
Authors: Moon Young‐Jin , Park Jeongpyo , Jeong Mingyu , Kim Sang‐Hyun , Kang Jin‐Gyu , Kim Dong‐Zo , Yoo Changsik
Published: November 2015

A wireless power charger integrated circuit has been developed for wearable medical devices in a 0.18‐µm Bipolar, Complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor, and Lightly‐Doped Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor (BCDMOS) process. A passive full‐wave rectifier consisting of Schottky diodes and cross‐coupled n‐type Metal‐Oxide‐Semiconductor (nMOS) transistors performs the alternating current to direct current power conversion without any reverse leakage current. To charge a battery, a linear charger circuit follows the passive rectifier instead of a switching charger circuit for the small form factor of wearable medical devices. An in‐band communication circuit notifies the proper connection of the wireless power receiver and the battery charging status to the charging pad (wireless power transmitter) through the wireless power transmission channel. The wireless power charger integrated circuit occupies 1.44‐mm2 silicon area and shows 31.7% power efficiency when the charging current is 26.6 mA. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A modified dual current mode control method with an adaptive current bandwidth
Authors: Lale Srđan , Šoja Milomir , Lubura Slobodan
Published: November 2015

In this paper, a new adaptive dual current mode control method (ADCMC) is presented, being a result of the modification of existing dual current mode control (DCMC) by introducing an adaptive current bandwidth. The ADCMC offers several important advantages over DCMC, such as no peak‐to‐average error in the inductor current, better transient response of current loop, and improved line regulation. A detailed analysis of the proposed ADCMC is performed for three types of DC–DC power electronics converters: buck, boost, and non‐inverting buck–boost converter. The performances of the ADCMC are tested with simulations and experiments. The obtained results confirm the analysis and validity of the proposed ADCMC method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The divergence and positive selection of the plant‐specific BURP‐containing protein family
Authors: Wang Lihui , Wu Ningning , Zhu Yan , Song Wanlu , Zhao Xin , Li Yaxuan , Hu Yingkao
Published: November 2015

BURP domain‐containing proteins belong to a plant‐specific protein family and have diverse roles in plant development and stress responses. However, our understanding about the genetic divergence patterns and evolutionary rates of these proteins remain inadequate. In this study, 15 plant genomes were explored to elucidate the genetic origins, divergence, and functions of these proteins. One hundred and twenty‐five BURP protein‐encoding genes were identified from four main plant lineages, including 13 higher plant species. The absence of BURP family genes in unicellular and multicellular algae suggests that this family (1) appeared when plants shifted from relatively stable aquatic environments to land, where conditions are more variable and stressful, and (2) is critical in the adaptation of plants to adverse environments. Promoter analysis revealed that several responsive elements to plant hormones and external environment stresses are concentrated in the promoter region of BURP protein‐encoding genes. This finding confirms that these genes influence plant stress responses. Several segmentally and tandem‐duplicated gene pairs were identified from eight plant species. Thus, in general, BURP domain‐containing genes have been subject to strong positive selection, even though these genes have conformed to different expansion models in different species. Our study also detected certain critical amino acid sites that may have contributed to functional divergence among groups or subgroups. Unexpectedly, all of the critical amino acid residues of functional divergence and positive selection were exclusively located in the C‐terminal region of the BURP domain. In conclusion, our results contribute novel insights into the genetic divergence patterns and evolutionary rates of BURP proteins.
Red Queen dancing in the lek: effects of mating skew on host–parasite interactions
Authors: Kawatsu Kazutaka
Published: November 2015

The RQH (Red Queen hypothesis), which argues that hosts need to be continuously finding new ways to avoid parasites that are able to infect common host genotypes, has been at the center of discussions on the maintenance of sex. This is because diversity is favored under the host–parasite coevolution based on negative frequency‐dependent selection, and sexual reproduction is a mechanism that generates genetic diversity in the host population. Together with parasite infections, sexual organisms are usually under sexual selection, which leads to mating skew or mating success biased toward males with a particular phenotype. Thus, strong mating skew would affect genetic variance in a population and should affect the benefit of the RQH. However, most models have investigated the RQH under a random mating system and not under mating skew. In this study, I show that sexual selection and the resultant mating skew may increase parasite load in the hosts. An IBM (individual‐based model), which included host–parasite interactions and sexual selection among hosts, demonstrates that mating skew influenced parasite infection in the hosts under various conditions. Moreover, the IBM showed that the mating skew evolves easily in cases of male–male competition and female mate choice, even though it imposes an increased risk of parasite infection on the hosts. These findings indicated that whether the RQH favored sexual reproduction depended on the condition of mating skew. That is, consideration of the host mating system would provide further understanding of conditions in which the RQH favors sexual reproduction in real organisms.