bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A note on a theorem of Raubenheimer and Rode
Authors: Herzog Gerd , Schmoeger Christoph
Published: July 2003

We prove the converse of Raubenheimer and Rode’s Banach algebra version of the Perron-Frobenius Theorem.
On a subspace perturbation problem
Authors: Kostrykin Vadim , Makarov Konstantin , Motovilov Alexander
Published: July 2003

We discuss the problem of perturbation of spectral subspaces for linear self-adjoint operators on a separable Hilbert space. Let

A
A

and

V
V

be bounded self-adjoint operators. Assume that the spectrum of

A
A

consists of two disjoint parts

σ
\sigma

and

Σ
\Sigma

such that

d
=
dist
(
σ
,
Σ
)
>
0

d=\text {dist}(\sigma , \Sigma )>0

. We show that the norm of the difference of the spectral projections
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="sans-serif upper E Subscript upper A Baseline left-parenthesis sigma right-parenthesis and sans-serif upper E Subscript upper A plus upper V Baseline left-parenthesis StartSet lamda vertical-bar normal d normal i normal s normal t left-parenthesis lamda comma sigma right-parenthesis greater-than d slash 2 EndSet right-parenthesis">

E

A

(
σ
)

and

E

A
+
V

(

{
λ

|

d
i
s
t

(
λ
,
σ
)
>
d

/

2
}

)

\mathsf {E}_A(\sigma )\quad \text {and} \quad \mathsf {E}_{A+V}\big (\{\lambda \,\, | \,\, \mathrm {dist}(\lambda , \sigma )>d/2\}\big )

\]
for

A
A

and

A
+
V

A+V

is less than one whenever either (i)

‖
V
‖
>

2

2
+
π

d

\|V\|>\frac {2}{2+\pi }d

or (ii)

‖
V
‖
>

1
2

d

\|V\|>\frac {1}{2}d

and certain assumptions on the mutual disposition of the sets

σ
\sigma

and

Σ
\Sigma

are satisfied.
Skew Schubert polynomials
Authors: Lenart Cristian , Sottile Frank
Published: July 2003

We define skew Schubert polynomials to be normal form (polynomial) representatives of certain classes in the cohomology of a flag manifold. We show that this definition extends a recent construction of Schubert polynomials due to Bergeron and Sottile in terms of certain increasing labeled chains in Bruhat order of the symmetric group. These skew Schubert polynomials expand in the basis of Schubert polynomials with nonnegative integer coefficients that are precisely the structure constants of the cohomology of the complex flag variety with respect to its basis of Schubert classes. We rederive the construction of Bergeron and Sottile in a purely combinatorial way, relating it to the construction of Schubert polynomials in terms of rc-graphs.
The class equation and counting in factorizable monoids
Authors: Lipscomb S. , Konieczny J.
Published: July 2003

For orders and conjugacy in finite group theory, Lagrange’s Theorem and the class equation have universal application. Here, the class equation (extended to monoids via standard group action by conjugation) is applied to factorizable submonoids of the symmetric inverse monoid. In particular, ifMMis a monoid induced by a subgroupGGof the symmetric groupSnS_n, then the centerZG(M)Z_G(M)(all elements ofMMthat commute with every element ofGG) isZ(G)∪{0}Z(G) \cup \{0\}if and only ifGGis transitive. In the case whereGGis both transitive and of order eitherpporp2p^2(forppprime), formulas are provided for the order ofMMas well as the number and sizes of its conjugacy classes.
A version of Burkholder’s theorem for operator-weighted spaces
Authors: Petermichl S. , Pott S.
Published: July 2003

Let

W
W

be an operator weight, i.e. a weight function taking values in the bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space

H

\mathcal {H}

. We prove that if the dyadic martingale transforms are uniformly bounded on

L

R

2

(
W
)

L^2_{\mathbb {R}}(W)

for each dyadic grid in

R

\mathbb {R}

, then the Hilbert transform is bounded on

L

R

2

(
W
)

L^2_{\mathbb {R}}(W)

as well, thus providing an analogue of Burkholder’s theorem for operator-weighted

L
2

L^2

-spaces. We also give a short new proof of Burkholder’s theorem itself. Our proof is based on the decomposition of the Hilbert transform into “dyadic shifts”.
Fractals and distributions on the 𝑁-torus
Authors: Shapiro Victor
Published: July 2003

This paper establishes non-Cartesian product sets, called fractal carpets and fractal foam, as sets of uniqueness for a class of trigonometric series.
Fully commutative elements and Kazhdan–Lusztig cells in the finite and affine Coxeter groups
Authors: Shi Jian-yi
Published: July 2003

The main goal of the paper is to show that the fully commutative elements in the affine Coxeter group

C
~

n

\widetilde {C}_{n}

form a union of two-sided cells. Then we completely answer the question of when the fully commutative elements of

W
W

form or do not form a union of two-sided cells in the case where

W
W

is either a finite or an affine Coxeter group.
The 𝑝-exponent of the 𝐾(1)_{*}-local spectrum Φ𝑆𝑈(𝑛)
Authors: Fisher Michael
Published: July 2003

Let

p
p

be a fixed odd prime. In this paper we prove an exponent conjecture of Bousfield, namely that the

p
p

-exponent of the spectrum

Φ
S
U
(
n
)

\Phi SU(n)

is

(
n
−
1
)
+

ν
p

(
(
n
−
1
)
!
)

(n-1) + \nu _p((n-1)!)

for

n
≥
2

n \geq 2

. It follows from this result that the

p
p

-exponent of

Ω

q

S
U
(
n
)
⟨
i
⟩

\Omega ^{q} SU(n) \langle i \rangle

is at least

(
n
−
1
)
+

ν
p

(
(
n
−
1
)
!
)

(n-1) + \nu _p((n-1)!)

for

n
≥
2

n \geq 2

and

i
,
q
≥
0

i,q \geq 0

, where

S
U
(
n
)
⟨
i
⟩

SU(n) \langle i \rangle

denotes the

i
i

-connected cover of

S
U
(
n
)

SU(n)

.
The nucleus for restricted Lie algebras
Authors: Benson David , Nakano Daniel
Published: July 2003

The nucleus was a concept first developed in the cohomology theory for finite groups. In this paper the authors investigate the nucleus for restricted Lie algebras. The nucleus is explicitly described for several important classes of Lie algebras.
The impedance tomography problem
Authors: Boumenir A.
Published: July 2003

Using an operator theoretic framework and pseudo-spectral methods, we provide a simple and explicit formula for the conductivity coefficient in terms of the Dirichlet to Neumann map and the eigenvalues of the Laplacian operator.
Metrizability vs. Fréchet-Uryshon property
Authors: Cascales B. , Ka̧kol J. , Saxon S.
Published: July 2003

In metrizable spaces, points in the closure of a subsetAAare limits of sequences inAA; i.e., metrizable spaces are Fréchet-Uryshon spaces. The aim of this paper is to prove that metrizability and the Fréchet-Uryshon property are actually equivalent for a large class of locally convex spaces that includes(LF)(LF)- and(DF)(DF)-spaces. We introduce and study countable bounded tightness of a topological space, a property which implies countable tightness and is strictly weaker than the Fréchet-Urysohn property. We provide applications of our results to, for instance, the space of distributionsD′(Ω)\mathfrak {D}’(\Omega ). The spaceD′(Ω)\mathfrak {D}’(\Omega )is not Fréchet-Urysohn, has countable tightness, but its bounded tightness is uncountable. The results properly extend previous work in this direction.
Special values of elliptic functions at points of the divisors of Jacobi forms
Authors: Choie YoungJu , Kohnen Winfried
Published: July 2003

The main result of the paper gives an explicit formula for the sum of the values of even order derivatives with respect to

z
z

of the Weierstrass

℘
\wp

-function

℘
(
τ
,
z
)

\wp (\tau ,z)

for the lattice

Z

τ
⊕

Z

{\mathbf Z}\tau \oplus {\mathbf Z}

(where

τ
\tau

is in the upper half-plane) extended over the points in the divisor of

ϕ
(
τ
,
⋅
)

\phi (\tau ,\cdot )

(where

ϕ
(
τ
,
z
)

\phi (\tau ,z)

is a meromorphic Jacobi form) in terms of the coefficients of the Laurent expansion of

ϕ
(
τ
,
z
)

\phi (\tau ,z)

around

z
=
0

z=0

.
𝐹-injective rings and 𝐹-stable primes
Authors: Enescu Florian
Published: July 2003

The notion of stability of the highest local cohomology module with respect to the Frobenius functor originates in the work of R. Hartshorne and R. Speiser. R. Fedder and K.-i. Watanabe examined this concept for isolated singularities by relating it to

F
F

-rationality. The purpose of this note is to study what happens in the case of non-isolated singularities and to show how this stability concept encapsulates a few of the subtleties of tight closure theory. Our study can be seen as a generalization of the work by Fedder and Watanabe. We introduce two new ring invariants, the

F
F

-stability number and the set of

F
F

-stable primes. We associate to every ideal

I
I

generated by a system of parameters and

x
∈

I
∗

−
I

x \in I^\ast - I

an ideal of multipliers denoted

I
(
x
)

I(x)

and obtain a family of ideals

Z

I
,
R

Z_{I,R}

. The set

Max
⁡
(

Z

I
,
R

)

\operatorname {Max}(Z_{I,R})

is independent of

I
I

and consists of finitely many prime ideals. It also equals

Max
⁡
{
P

|

P

\operatorname {Max} \{P| P

prime ideal such that

R

P

R_{P}

is

F
F

-stable

}
\}

. The maximal height of such primes defines the

F
F

-stability number.
A mixed type system of three equations modelling reacting flows
Authors: Lu Yun-guang , Klingenberg Christian
Published: July 2003

In this paper we contrast two approaches for proving the validity of relaxation limits

α
→
∞

\alpha \rightarrow \infty

of systems of balance laws

u
t

+

f
(
u
)

x

=
α
g
(
u
)

.

\begin{equation*} u_t +{f(u)}_x = \alpha g(u) \quad . \end{equation*}

In one approach this is proven under some suitable stability condition; in the other approach, one adds artificial viscosity to the system

u
t

+

f
(
u
)

x

=
α
g
(
u
)
+
ϵ

u

x
x

\begin{equation*} u_t +{f(u)}_x = \alpha g(u) + \epsilon u_{xx} \end{equation*}

and lets

α
→
∞

\alpha \rightarrow \infty

and

ϵ
→
0

\epsilon \rightarrow 0

together with

M
α
≤
ϵ

M \alpha \leq \epsilon

for a suitable large constant

M
M

. We illustrate the usefulness of this latter approach by proving the convergence of a relaxation limit for a system of mixed type, where a subcharacteristic condition is not available.
Supercyclic and chaotic translation semigroups
Authors: Matsui Mai , Yamada Mino , Takeo Fukiko
Published: July 2003

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a translation semigroup to be supercyclic and to be chaotic in a weighted function space.
The spectrum of Schrödinger operators with positive potentials in Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Shen Zhongwei
Published: July 2003

Let

M
M

be a noncompact complete Riemannian manifold. We consider the Schrödinger operator

−
Δ
+
V

-\Delta +V

acting on

L

2

(
M
)

L^{2}(M)

, where

V
V

is a nonnegative, locally integrable function on

M
M

. We obtain some simple conditions which imply that

inf
Spec
(
−
Δ
+
V
)

\inf \text {Spec} (-\Delta +V)

, the bottom of the spectrum of

−
Δ
+
V

-\Delta +V

, is strictly positive. We also establish upper and lower bounds for the counting function

N
(
λ
)

N(\lambda )

.
On a problem of Turán about positive definite functions
Authors: Kolountzakis Mihail , Révész Szilárd
Published: July 2003

We study the following question posed by Turán. Suppose

Ω
\Omega

is a convex body in Euclidean space

R

d

\mathbb {R}^d

which is symmetric in

Ω
\Omega

and with value

1
1

at the origin; which one has the largest integral? It is probably the case that the extremal function is the indicator of the half-body convolved with itself and properly scaled, but this has been proved only for a small class of domains so far. We add to this class of known Turán domains the class of all spectral convex domains. These are all convex domains which have an orthogonal basis of exponentials

e
λ

(
x
)
=
exp
⁡
2
π
i
⟨

λ

x

⟩

e_\lambda (x) = \exp 2\pi i\langle {\lambda }{x}\rangle

,

λ
∈

R

d

\lambda \in \mathbb {R}^d

. As a corollary we obtain that all convex domains which tile space by translation are Turán domains. We also give a new proof that the Euclidean ball is a Turán domain.
An algebraic formulation of Thurston’s combinatorial equivalence
Authors: Pilgrim Kevin
Published: July 2003

Let

f
:

S
2

→

S
2

f:S^2 \to S^2

be an orientation-preserving branched covering for which the set

P
f

P_f

of strict forward orbits of critical points is finite and let

G
=

π
1

(

S
2

−

f

−
1

P
f

)

G=\pi _1(S^2-f^{-1}P_f)

. To

f
f

we associate an injective endomorphism

φ
f

\varphi _f

of the free group

G
G

, well-defined up to postcomposition with inner automorphisms. We show that two such maps

f
,
g

f,g

are combinatorially equivalent (in the sense introduced by Thurston for the characterization of rational functions as dynamical systems) if and only if

φ
f

,

φ
g

\varphi _f, \varphi _g

are conjugate by an element of

Out
⁡
(
G
)

\operatorname {Out}(G)

which is induced by an orientation-preserving homeomorphism.
Discrete groups actions and corresponding modules
Authors: Troitsky E.
Published: July 2003

We address the problem of interrelations between the properties of an action of a discrete group

Γ
\Gamma

on a compact Hausdorff space

X
X

and the algebraic and analytical properties of the module of all continuous functions

C
(
X
)

C(X)

over the algebra of invariant continuous functions

C
Γ

(
X
)

C_\Gamma (X)

. The present paper is a continuation of our joint paper with M. Frank and V. Manuilov. Here we prove some statements inverse to the ones obtained in that paper: we deduce properties of actions from properties of modules. In particular, it is proved that if for a uniformly continuous action the module

C
(
X
)

C(X)

is finitely generated projective over

C
Γ

(
X
)

C_\Gamma (X)

, then the cardinality of orbits of the action is finite and fixed. Sufficient conditions for existence of natural conditional expectations

C
(
X
)
→

C
Γ

(
X
)

C(X)\to C_\Gamma (X)

are obtained.
Vanishing theorems, boundedness and hyperbolicity over higher-dimensional bases
Authors: Kovács Sándor
Published: July 2003

A vanishing theorem is proved for families over higher dimensional bases and applied to generalize some Shafarevich type statements to that setting.
Criteria for irrationality of Euler’s constant
Authors: Sondow Jonathan
Published: July 2003

By modifying Beukers’ proof of Apéry’s theorem that

ζ
(
3
)

\zeta (3)

is irrational, we derive criteria for irrationality of Euler’s constant,

γ
\gamma

. For

n
>
0

n>0

, we define a double integral

I
n

I_n

and a positive integer

S
n

S_n

, and prove that with

d
n

=
LCM
⁡
(
1
,
…
,
n
)

d_n=\operatorname {LCM}(1,\dotsc ,n)

the following are equivalent: 1. The fractional part of

log
⁡

S
n

\log S_n

is given by

{
log
⁡

S
n

}
=

d

2
n

I
n

\{\log S_n\}=d_{2n}I_n

for some

n
n

. 2. The formula holds for all sufficiently large

n
n

. 3. Euler’s constant is a rational number. A corollary is that if

{
log
⁡

S
n

}
≥

2

−
n

\{\log S_n\}\ge 2^{-n}

infinitely often, then

γ
\gamma

is irrational. Indeed, if the inequality holds for a given

n
n

(we present numerical evidence for

1
≤
n
≤
2500
)

1\le n\le 2500)

and

γ
\gamma

is rational, then its denominator does not divide

d

2
n

(

2
n

n

)

d_{2n}\binom {2n}{n}

. We prove a new combinatorial identity in order to show that a certain linear form in logarithms is in fact

log
⁡

S
n

\log S_n

. A by-product is a rapidly converging asymptotic formula for

γ
\gamma

, used by P. Sebah to compute

γ
\gamma

correct to 18063 decimals.
On the best possible character of the 𝐿^{𝑄} norm in some a priori estimates for non-divergence form equations in Carnot groups
Authors: Danielli Donatella , Garofalo Nicola , Nhieu Duy-Minh
Published: July 2003

Let

G
\boldsymbol {G}

be a group of Heisenberg type with homogeneous dimension

Q
Q

. For every

0
>
ϵ
>
Q

0>\epsilon >Q

we construct a non-divergence form operator

L
ϵ

L^\epsilon

and a non-trivial solution
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="u Superscript epsilon Baseline element-of script upper L Superscript 2 comma upper Q minus epsilon Baseline left-parenthesis normal upper Omega right-parenthesis intersection upper C left-parenthesis normal upper Omega overbar right-parenthesis">

u
ϵ

∈

L

2
,
Q
−
ϵ

(
Ω
)
∩
C
(

Ω
¯

)

u^\epsilon \in \mathcal {L}^{2,Q-\epsilon }(\Omega )\cap C(\overline {\Omega })

to the Dirichlet problem:

L
u
=
0

Lu=0

in

Ω
\Omega

,

u
=
0

u=0

on

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

. This non-uniqueness result shows the impossibility of controlling the maximum of

u
u

with an

L
p

L^p

norm of

L
u

Lu

when

p
>
Q

p>Q

. Another consequence is the impossiblity of an Alexandrov-Bakelman type estimate such as
\[
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="sup Underscript normal upper Omega Endscripts u less-than-or-equal-to upper C left-parenthesis integral Underscript normal upper Omega Endscripts StartAbsoluteValue det left-parenthesis u Subscript comma i j Baseline right-parenthesis EndAbsoluteValue d g right-parenthesis Superscript 1 slash m Baseline comma">

sup
Ω

u
≤
C

(

∫

Ω

|

det
⁡
(

u

,
i
j

)

|

d
g
)

1

/

m

,

\sup _\Omega u\le C\left (\int _{\Omega }|\operatorname {det}(u_{,ij})|\,dg\right ) ^{1/m},

\]
where

m
m

is the dimension of the horizontal layer of the Lie algebra and

(

u

,
i
j

)

(u_{,ij})

is the symmetrized horizontal Hessian of

u
u

.
Note on the Riemann-Hurwitz type formula for multiplicative sequences
Authors: Izawa Takeshi
Published: July 2003

We give a formula of the Riemann-Hurwitz type for classes defined by multiplicative sequences as corollaries of the Chern number formula for ramified coverings.
Isospectral polygons, planar graphs and heat content
Authors: McDonald Patrick , Meyers Robert
Published: July 2003

Given a pair of planar isospectral, nonisometric polygons constructed as a quotient of the plane by a finite group, we construct an associated pair of planar isospectral, nonisometric weighted graphs. Using the natural heat operators on the weighted graphs, we associate to each graph a heat content. We prove that the coefficients in the small time asymptotic expansion of the heat content distinguish our isospectral pairs. As a corollary, we prove that the sequence of exit time moments for the natural Markov chains associated to each graph, averaged over starting points in the interior of the graph, provides a collection of invariants that distinguish isospectral pairs in general.
The Derksen invariant vs. the Makar-Limanov invariant
Authors: Crachiola Anthony , Maubach Stefan
Published: July 2003

In this article it is shown that the Makar-Limanov invariant of a ring (or variety) can be trivial while the Derksen invariant is not, and vice versa.
Banach spaces having the Radon-Nikodym property and numerical index 1
Authors: Martín Miguel
Published: July 2003

Let

X
X

be a Banach space with the Radon-Nikodỳm property. Then, the following are equivalent. (i)

X
X

has numerical index 1. (ii)

|

x

∗
∗

(

x
∗

)

|

=
1

|x^{**}(x^*)|=1

for all

x
∗

∈

e
x

(

B

X
∗

)

x^*\in \mathrm {ex}(B_{X^*})

and

x

∗
∗

∈

e
x

(

B

X

∗
∗

)

x^{**}\in \mathrm {ex}(B_{X^{**}})

. (iii)

X
X

is an almost-CL-space. (iv) There are a compact Hausdorff space

K
K

and a linear isometry

J
:
X
→
C
(
K
)

J:X \to C(K)

such that

|

x

∗
∗

(

J
∗

δ
s

)

|

=
1

|x^{**}(J^*\delta _s)|=1

for all

s
∈
K

s\in K

and

x

∗
∗

∈

e
x

(

B

X

∗
∗

)

x^{**}\in \mathrm {ex}(B_{X^{**}})

. If

X
X

is a real space, the above conditions are equivalent to being semi-nicely embedded in some space

C
(
K
)

C(K)

.
COmplete GENome Tracking (COGENT): a flexible data
environment for computational genomics
Authors: Janssen Paul , Enright Anton J. , Audit Benjamin , Cases Ildefonso , Goldovsky Leon , Harte Nicola , Kunin Victor , Ouzounis Christos A.
Published: July 2003

Summary: We present a database of fully sequenced and published genomes to facilitate the re-distribution of data and ensure reproducibility of results in the field of computational genomics. For its design we have implemented an extremely simple yet powerful schema to allow linking of genome sequence data to other resources.

Availability: http://maine.ebi.ac.uk:8000/services/cogent/

Contact: genomes@ebi.ac.uk

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

† The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as joint First Authors.

‡ Present Address: External Services Group, EMBL-EBI.
Can remote Internet voting increase turnout?
Authors: Henry Susan
Published: July 2003

In an effort to increase turnout at elections the UK government has been piloting electronic voting. At the 2002 local elections five councils tested remote Internet voting for the first time. Swindon Borough Council conducted the largest pilot, offering remote Internet voting to all voters. Almost 15,000 voters were surveyed as to their motivation for choosing their voting method. Turnout did increase by 3.5 per cent but it is impossible to state conclusively that this was due to the availability of the Internet voting option, since most Internet voters were already regular voters. Future pilots should allow a more conclusive assessment of the impact on turnout of remote Internet voting.
The British Life and Internet Project: inaugural survey findings
Authors: Gunter Barrie , Russell Chris , Withey Richard , Nicholas David
Published: July 2003

The British Life and Internet Project was launched in 2002 to explore the way people use the Internet in Britain. It will survey people online throughout each year on a range of topics linked to the use of the Internet. In the first survey that was conducted, just before Christmas 2002, respondents were asked a series of questions about their history of involvement with the Internet and the nature of their online behaviour. The findings indicated that online technology was used overwhelmingly for sending and receiving e‐mails and for obtaining news and information linked to work and hobbies. Such is the demand of the Internet on the time of users that many acknowledged reducing the amount of time they spend on other activities, such as watching television, reading newspapers, and even going out to do the shopping. The Internet is, for most of its users, an important interpersonal communications medium, used to stay in touch and gossip with family and friends.
On open source IR
Authors: MacFarlane Andrew
Published: July 2003

Open source software development is becoming increasingly popular as a way of producing software, due to a number of factors. It is argued in this paper that these factors may have a significant impact on the future of information retrieval (IR) systems, and that it is desirable that these systems are made open to all. Some problems are outlined that may prevent the uptake of open source IR systems and a number of open source IR systems are described.
Training cataloguing students using a mix of media and technologies
Authors: Cloete Linda M. , Snyman Retha , Cronjé J.C.
Published: July 2003

The appropriateness of utilising a training resource programme consisting of a mix of media and technologies for the training of cataloguing students is evaluated. The findings from reported research and evaluation of the training resource programme made it possible to identify advantages and disadvantages of using such a programme. The results of the research enabled the researcher to derive guidelines for the design and development of a training resource programme consisting of a mix of media and technologies. The use of media and technologies, in a training research programme for cataloguing training, can be utilised in training cataloguing students in contact classes, distance education as well as in‐service training.
The enterprise portal – is it knowledge management?
Authors: Cloete Marian , Snyman Retha
Published: July 2003

Currently we are in the middle of the information age, suffering from information overload on the one hand and a lack of knowledge on the other. Enterprise portals (EPs) are seen as the antidote to these problems by becoming more and more the ultimate knowledge management (KM) tool. The current hype about EPs is focused on their application as KM tools. Very little attention is given to other aspects of KM, namely the organisational, human and cultural aspects. The article will provide an overview of the technical and strategic relationship between EPs and KM and illustrate that EPs are only the technology component and should not be mistaken for the essence of KM. What is needed for successful KM in an organisation is not technology alone, but also a knowledge‐sharing culture, knowledge‐sharing policies, organisational processes, performance measurement and business strategies.
Parent‐child communications about consumption and advertising in China
Authors: Chan Kara , McNeal James U.
Published: July 2003

The current study examines how mainland Chinese parents communicate with their children about consumption and advertising. A survey of 1,665 parents of children aged six to 14 in Beijing, Nanjing and Chengdu was conducted in December 2001 to March 2002. Using Moore and Moschis’s typology of family communication patterns, Chinese parents are classified into four types including laissez‐faire, protective, pluralistic, and consensual parents. Results indicated Chinese parents are classified primarily as consensual in type with both high socio‐ as well as concept‐oriented communication. Family communication patterns differ among parents of different demographic groups as well as among different dyad relationships. Parents with a higher education level and families with a higher household income engaged more frequently in concept‐oriented communication. Pluralistic and consensual parents discussed with children about television commercials more often than laissez‐faire and protective parents. Consensual parents perceived they have a greater influence on children’s attitude toward advertising than laissez‐faire parents. Implication for marketers and advertisers are discussed.
The effect of attitude and perception on consumer complaint intentions
Authors: Kim Chulmin , Kim Sounghie , Im Subin , Shin Changhoon
Published: July 2003

The importance of managing dissatisfied consumers has increased because of severe competition from the introduction of new types of stores, such as online shopping. Focuses on consumers who complain directly to the offending firms because their dissatisfaction provides a firm with the opportunity to improve its customer service. In contrast to studies that examine determinants of complaint behavior to resolve customer dissatisfaction, examines how attitudinal and perceptual variables, influenced by generalized personal factors, affect complaint intention. Performs a path analysis to examine the links among generalized personal antecedents, attitudinal and perceptual mediators, and customer’s complaint intentions. The empirical results confirm that attitudinal and perceptual mediators positively influence complaint intention. Furthermore, three generalized personal antecedents affect attitudinal and perceptual mediators. The empirical results indicate that attitude toward complaining plays a central role in mediating between three generalized personal antecedents and complaint intention. Finally, provides managerial implications that suggest ways firms can manage customers’ complaints to enhance customer satisfaction.
Knowledge: a sense making process shared through narrative
Authors: du Toit Angelique
Published: July 2003

Organizations create knowledge by making sense of new stimuli with which they are constantly being bombarded with. Furthermore, the knowledge created is transmitted through the application of knowledge. Language facilitates the sharing of knowledge created. The meaning which is collectively created in an organization has evolved within relationships over a period of time. Meaning is a product of interaction and does not take place in isolation. An increase in relationships means exposure to different knowledge which results in an increase not only in knowing, but also in what is known. Knowledge is not isolated from that which the individual considers reality to be. There are many interpretations as to what constitutes reality. Knowledge of the world does not reflect an objective world, but an understanding of the world as it is experienced.
Knowledge modeling for the preservation of institutional memory
Authors: Coffey John W. , Hoffman Robert R.
Published: July 2003

After setting the stage by briefly surveying knowledge elicitation techniques, this article presents a description of an iterative approach to the elicitation and representation of organizational knowledge called PreSERVe, which stands for prepare, scope, elicit, render, and verify. The method involves an initial process of preparing for knowledge elicitation, followed by an iterative process of assessing the scope of the endeavor, knowledge elicitation and rendering, and, verification. Use of the PreSERVe method is illustrated by a case study involving work with six senior engineers at NASA Glenn Research Center (NASA GRC), Cleveland, OH, USA.
What knowledge managers really do: an empirical and comparative analysis
Authors: Asllani Arben , Luthans Fred
Published: July 2003

The advent of information technology has generated not only interest in how to acquire, store and “mine” data, but also how to manage knowledge. Yet, there is still considerable confusion and a lack of understanding of what today’s knowledge managers really do. Continuing a stream of previous research on the behavior activities of traditional managers, this study investigated the relative amount of time today’s knowledge managers (N=307) spend on traditional management functions, communications, human resources and networking. Besides identifying what knowledge managers really do, this study examined what successful knowledge managers do. Comparisons are then made with managers in the 1980s. Finally, the role that information technology plays in knowledge managers carrying out their managerial activities was assessed. The implications of some surprising findings and conclusions end the paper.
Knowledge management and the occasional links with performance
Authors: Kalling Thomas
Published: July 2003

This paper argues that current research into knowledge management fails to recognize and offer a detailed understanding about the role of knowledge in improving firm performance. Instead of focusing, exclusively, on the nature and attributes of knowledge, and the management of learning, research should also direct attention to the factors that enable knowledge to contribute to performance. To aid in this, this paper suggests that the concept of knowledge management is divided into three instances; development, utilization and capitalization, based on the assumption that knowledge is not always utilized, and that utilized knowledge does not always result in improved performance. The paper also identifies challenges and solutions in relation to each of the instances. Empirical findings are based on empirical study of three knowledge ventures within a European manufacturing MNC.
Training strategies in the management of knowledge
Authors: Hwang Ahn‐Sook
Published: July 2003

Knowledge management has attracted much attention as a key strategy to organizational success and survival in today’s unpredictable and highly competitive environments. And yet, unless people in organizations possess the learning capability to use knowledge creatively, a well‐developed knowledge management system cannot be directed at sustaining profitability. Managing knowledge involves both perspectives and tools for learning. This paper examines the concept of learning and explores training strategies to promote the ability to learn, which can guide the design of training interventions and the development of a knowledge management system. Learning in organizations is a complex and multi‐level process. The challenge is how to nurture organizational members to enhance their own learning capabilities and contribute to other people’s learning. Among training strategies proposed in this paper, encouraging the reflection process, knowledge transfer and knowledge construction, experiences to work on practical problems, discourse practices involving collaboration and interaction, the development of his/her own model, and systems thinking present critical strategies to consider in designing training experiences or events. It is suggested that training strategies presented in this paper should be aligned with structural, cultural, and managerial issues together to nurture the learning capability.
Follow the rainbow: a knowledge management framework for new product introduction
Authors: Herder P.M. , Veeneman W.W. , Buitenhuis M.D.J. , Schaller A.
Published: July 2003

This paper describes the development of a knowledge management framework for the “new product introduction process” of Motorola. Motorola operates in a very dynamic business with short product cycles, and has a clear need, therefore, to leverage the knowledge available worldwide. After developing a theoretical framework that reflected Motorola’s business processes, a large‐scale survey among workers at different locations in the world was conducted. The survey results were used for the design of a knowledge management framework, which supports sharing of various types of knowledge on different business levels.
Knowledge management in a project‐oriented organization: three perspectives
Authors: Skovvang Christensen Karina , Kaasgaard Bang Heine
Published: July 2003

Knowledge management is seen as a metaphorical perspective on management where the managerial focus depends on the epistemological standpoint taken. An identification of three epistemological perspectives accommodates the main body of literature on knowledge management: an artifact oriented epistemology that focuses on explicit knowledge, a process oriented epistemology focusing on both tacit and explicit knowledge and the interaction of these types of knowledge and an autopoietic epistemology where knowledge basically always has a tacit dimension. Based on a study of knowledge management in the Danish company Crisplant, the paper shows how the three epistemologies bring different aspects of managerial practice forward. By comparing the characteristics of knowledge, the nature of knowledge management activities, how knowledge is created and shared it is concluded that awareness of the implications of epistemological perspectives could enhance managerial analysis and conduct with respect to the management of knowledge as well as enrich research in the area.
Supply chain perspectives to knowledge management: research propositions
Authors: Desouza Kevin C. , Chattaraj Ayan , Kraft George
Published: July 2003

The purpose of the paper is to suggest a novel approach that groups the theories of systems, information and bounded rationality into organizational knowledge management. We base our discussion on knowledge process mapping akin to the supply chain perspective. This is done to understand the governing principles of knowledge movement within an organizational system, and how the different functions within that system behave and interact among themselves in managing knowledge. We attempt to understand the impact of organizational structure in knowledge transfer and utilization among the different participating functions in the perspective of systems theory. Based on this framework the paper then makes use of information theory to comprehend the ideas behind an effective process of knowledge movement in any organization, and the probable factors that influence such movements. Lastly the concepts of bounded rationality are brought in, to examine the behaviors and interactions of these functions in creating, exploiting and sharing knowledge towards an effective knowledge management system.
Price/Wage Staggering and Persistence: A Unifying Framework
Authors: Ascari Guido
Published: July 2003

Abstract.  In this paper, we provide a general unified framework to clarify the issue of persistence of real effects of money shocks in staggered wage/price models. We mainly aim to: (i) highlight which features of the underlying economy, and particularly of the labour market, are crucial for generating output persistence; (ii) analyse the differences between price and wage staggering.
Research Joint Ventures
Authors: Caloghirou Yannis , Ioannides Stavros , Vonortas Nicholas S.
Published: July 2003

Abstract.  Inter‐firm collaboration is not new. What is new is that such collaboration has exploded during the past couple of decades, in parallel to the intensification of international competition. Moreover, the nature of collaboration has changed, shifting from peripheral interests to the very core functions of the corporation, and from equity to non‐equity forms of collaboration. Importantly, cooperation focusing on the generation, exchange, and/or adaptation of new technologies has risen at very fast rates. Research joint ventures, the focus of this paper, belong in the latter category.

The proliferation of RJVs has created extensive interest among economists, business analysts, and policy decision‐makers and led to the profusion of literature on the topic. This paper critically reviews the literature in industrial economics and strategic management that deals with RJV partner motives and RJV outcomes. The paper categorizes the different streams of this literature and indicates the state‐of‐the‐art, synthesizes important understandings, and suggests key nodes of a future research agenda.
A Primer on Financial Contagion
Authors: Pericoli Marcello , Sbracia Massimo
Published: July 2003

Abstract.  This paper presents a theoretical framework to highlight possible channels for the international transmission of financial shocks. We first review the different definitions and measures of contagion adopted by the literature. We then use a simple multi‐country asset pricing model to classify the main elements of the current debate on contagion and provide a stylized account of how a crisis in one country can spread to the world economy. In particular, the model shows how crises can be transmitted across countries, without assuming ad hoc portfolio management rules or market imperfections. Finally, tracking our classification, we survey the results of the empirical literature on contagion.
General‐to‐Specific Modelling Using PcGets
Authors: Owen P. Dorian
Published: July 2003

Abstract.  This review examines the facilities provided by PcGets version 1.0, an OxMetrics module designed to implement automated general‐to‐specific model selection in the context of cross‐section or dynamic time‐series models that are linear in the parameters. A cross‐section empirical example is used to illustrate the steps involved, the output produced and the options available for modellers.
Trade Liberalization and the Fiscal Squeeze: Implications for Public Investment
Authors: Khattry Barsha
Published: July 2003

This article examines the impact of trade liberalization on the level and structure of government expenditures across countries, with particular emphasis on low income countries. It develops the argument that the policies employed during trade liberalization have resulted in a fiscal squeeze as a result of declining tax revenues and rising interest expenditures. To surmount this fiscal hurdle, expenditures on physical capital, which have negligible political ramifications, have been reduced. Other more politically sensitive expenditures, such as spending on social capital, have been financed by incurring additional debt. However, additional debt has exerted upward pressure on interest payments, further exacerbating the fiscal situation. The statistical analysis carried out to examine the evidence uses panel data for eighty developing and industrialized countries over the period 1970–98 and employs a fixed–effects regression framework to account for country–specific characteristics. The results indicate that trade liberalization has indeed resulted in declining revenues and higher interest expenditures and that these factors have contributed to the observed decline in infrastructure spending.
Women's Empowerment Through Home–based Work: Evidence from India
Authors: Kantor Paula
Published: July 2003

This article examines the extent to which home–based production in the garment sector of Ahmedabad, India, serves to empower its female participants, defining empowerment in terms of control over enterprise income and decision–making within the household. It places this question within the literatures on resource theory and bargaining models of the household, both of which posit that improved access to resources increases women's power in the household. This study highlights why access to resources may not lead so directly to improvements in women's position in the household in the Indian context. It then discusses why home–based work may be less empowering than sources of work outside of the home. The arguments about the empowerment potential of women's access to resources through home–based work are tested by examining, first, the determinants of control over the income generated by women in home–based garment production and, second, to what extent access to and control over income from this source translates into involvement in decisions which are atypically women's and yet important to their lives. The results provide a better understanding of the potential of home–based work to offer women in urban India a source of economic activity that also can translate into increased intra–household power.
From Soviet Modernization to Post–Soviet Transformation: Understanding Marriage and Fertility Dynamics in Uzbekistan
Authors: Agadjanian Victor , Makarova Ekaterina
Published: July 2003

In this article we analyse the dynamics of marriage and childbearing in Uzbekistan through the prism of the recent socioeconomic and political history of that country. After becoming an independent nation in 1991, Uzbekistan abandoned the Soviet modernization project and aspired to set out on a radically different course of economic, social, and political development. We argue, however, that not only independence but also the preceding period of perestroika reforms (1985–91) had a dramatic effect on social conditions and practices and, consequently, the demographic behaviour of the country's population. Using data from the 1996 Uzbekistan Demographic and Health Survey we apply event–history analysis to examine changes in the timing of entry into first marriage, first and second births over four periods: two periods of pre–perestroika socialism, the perestroika years, and the period since independence. We investigate the factors that influenced the timing of these events in each of the four periods among Uzbeks, the country's eponymous and largest ethnic group, and among Uzbekistan's urban population. In general, our results point to a dialectic combination of continuity and change in Uzbekistan's recent demographic trends, which reflect the complex and contradictory nature of broader societal transformations in that and other parts of the former Soviet Union.
Family Property and the Limits of Intervention: The Article 27 Reforms and the PROCEDE Programme in Mexico
Authors: Nuijten Monique
Published: July 2003

In the 1990s the Mexican peasants witnessed the introduction of a new Agrarian Law and the implementation of the land regularization programme, PROCEDE. In this article it is demonstrated that the privatization of previously communally held ejido land did not lead to the promised dynamic land market, nor to an increase in agricultural productivity. On the basis of an in–depth study of land tenure practices in the ejido La Canoa in Western Mexico, it is shown that the changes of 1992 did not address the main problems of peasant agriculture. The new Agrarian Law legalized practices which, although illegal, had already become quite common in ejidos throughout Mexico. In addition, it is argued that legal security does not necessarily reside in official registration by the state, but can also be based on local recognition of land rights. The main argument of the article is that property consists of complex sets of claims, rights and obligations that cannot be manipulated by forms of state intervention that reduce land tenure predicaments to technical problems.
Tibetan Range Wars: Spatial Politics and Authority on the Grasslands of Amdo
Authors: Yeh Emily T.
Published: July 2003

This article focuses on one of the most disturbing features of life on the Tibetan grasslands today: intractable, violent conflicts over pasture. The author argues that understanding spatial and historical dimensions of the process through which Amdo was incorporated into the People's Republic of China (PRC) helps us make sense of these conflicts. State territoriality attempts to replace older socio–territorial identities with new administrative units. However, histories remain inscribed in the landscape and lead to unintended consequences in the implementation of new grassland policies. The author draws on Raymond Williams’ insight into residual formations to theorize the relationship between range conflicts and secular state officials’ lack of authority. At the same time, dispute resolution by religious figures challenges both triumphalist readings of state domination and romantic notions of Tibetan resistance.
Conservation–related Resettlement in Central Africa: Environmental and Social Risks
Authors: Schmidt–Soltau Kai
Published: July 2003

Since the Rio Conference of 1992, which declared the conservation of biodiversity and the creation of national parks to be priorities, resettlements resulting from conservation projects in Central Africa have been on the increase, as people living inside protected areas are relocated. Hardly any of these resettlements have been successful. There has been resistance to moving in the first place, and even returns to former villages inside the national parks. Resettlement is still the most common way to deal with people who happen to live in African national parks, but the risks which arise from these resettlements have led some scientists to rethink their position. This article focuses on the Congo River Basin. It reviews the only ‘official’ relocation programme in the region (Korup National Park, Cameroon) and evaluates different approaches of national parks in Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville) and Gabon. The author uses the Impoverishment Risk and Reconstruction model introduced by Cernea to evaluate the risks faced by the resettled populations, and to elaborate some social and environmental guidelines to mitigate them.
On modelling data from degradation sample paths over time
Authors: Lin Tsung I. , Lee Jack C.
Published: July 2003

This paper is mainly concerned with modelling data from degradation sample paths over time. It uses a general growth curve model with Box‐Cox transformation, random effects and ARMA(p, q) dependence to analyse a set of such data. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure for the proposed model is derived and future values are predicted, based on the best linear unbiased prediction. The paper compares the proposed model with a nonlinear degradation model from a prediction point of view. Forecasts of failure times with various data lengths in the sample are also compared.
Variable kernel density estimation
Authors: Hazelton Martin L.
Published: July 2003

This paper considers the problem of selecting optimal bandwidths for variable (sample‐point adaptive) kernel density estimation. A data‐driven variable bandwidth selector is proposed, based on the idea of approximating the log‐bandwidth function by a cubic spline. This cubic spline is optimized with respect to a cross‐validation criterion. The proposed method can be interpreted as a selector for either integrated squared error (ISE) or mean integrated squared error (MISE) optimal bandwidths. This leads to reflection upon some of the differences between ISE and MISE as error criteria for variable kernel estimation. Results from simulation studies indicate that the proposed method outperforms a fixed kernel estimator (in terms of ISE) when the target density has a combination of sharp modes and regions of smooth undulation. Moreover, some detailed data analyses suggest that the gains in ISE may understate the improvements in visual appeal obtained using the proposed variable kernel estimator. These numerical studies also show that the proposed estimator outperforms existing variable kernel density estimators implemented using piecewise constant bandwidth functions.