bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSII-14 Influence of recent postpartum weight variation on milk production, cow and calf performance and reproductive efficiency of beef cows in Southern Brazil
Authors: Demarco Claudia Faccio , Pimentel Marcelo Alves , Brauner Cássio Cassal
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the weight changes between calving to peak lactation of range beef cows on the cow and calf performance, milk production and pregnancy rate. Data were collected from 142 primiparous and multiparous beef cows, over a 5-year period. Cows and calves were raised in an extensive range system in Southern Brazil. Cows were divided into two groups according to calving performance and peak lactation. Cows that lost weight (L group, n = 59) and cows that gain weight (G group, n = 83). Milk yield evaluation (weigh-suckle-weigh technique), cow and calf performance were estimated from calving to 189 postpartum days, every 21 days. Cows were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and after that, breed by natural service for 45 days. Analysis of variance (ANOVA - GLM) was performed considering effects of the two groups, and pregnancy rates were compared using chi-square analysis. Calves from L cows had greater (P = 0.03) ADG between 21 and 42 days postpartum. However, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in weaning weight. Total milk production was greater (P = 0.01) in L cows. The cows from group G showed a tendency (P = 0.08) to increase pregnancy rate by 15% compared to L cows. In conclusion, cows that gain weight between calving to peak lactation have lower total milk production without any influence in calf performance, and appear to have an increase in pregnancy rate.
PSVIII-40 Effect of prenatal transportation stress on DNA methylation in Brahman heifers
Authors: Baker Emilie C , Cilkiz Kubra Z , Riggs Penny K , Randel Ronald D , Riley David G
Published: December 2019

Prenatal stress in beef cattle has the potential to result in unexpected, long term phenotypic changes to an animal’s performance. One possible explanation for this phenomenon is stress induced epigenetic changes to the genome (e.g., methylation or histone modifications). The objective of this experiment was to identify differential DNA methylation patterns in prenatally stressed (PNS) Brahman females. Multiparous Brahman cows (n = 48) were transported for a 2hr periods on 60 ± 5, 80 ± 5, 100 ± 5, 120 ± 5, and 140 ± 5 d of gestation. A non-transported group (n = 48) was maintained as a control. DNA was extracted from the white blood cells of their 28-d old heifer calves (Control n = 8, PNS n = 6) and methylation was assessed using reduced representation sodium bisulfite sequencing. Mean methylation ratios at locations across the genome in PNS and Control females were compared using a student’s t-test. Analysis revealed 16,377 CpG sites, 311 CHG, and 612 CHH (C= cytosine; G= guanine; H = adenine, cytosine or thymine) sites that were differentially methylated in PNS females compared to the Control females (P ≤ 0.05). The top 2,000 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were classified by functional location in introns, exons, CpG islands, promoters, and 5’UTR regions. Methylation differences in these regions are known to cause gene expression differences. The identified regions were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) in order to identify involvement in canonical pathways. Certain regions identified from the hypermethylated DMRs showed the strongest overlap (P = 1.93E-6) with the complex pathway of axonal guidance signaling (important for neural development). These results suggest that prenatal transportation stress does alter the epigenome of Brahman heifers and can influence biological pathways, potentially impacting animal performance.
PSVII-10 Effect of Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae alone or in combination on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole-crop corn silage
Authors: Nair Jayakrishnan , Wang Yuxi , Xu Shanwei , Smiley Brenda , Yang Hee Eun , McAllister Tim
Published: December 2019

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus spp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae alone or in combination as inoculants on the ensiling characteristics and aerobic stability of corn silage. Chopped and kernel processed whole-crop corn was treated with either distilled water (CON), or with (cfu g1 fresh forage) 1.1 × 105 of a Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri (LAB) mixture (INOC1), 1.0 × 104 S. cerevisiae strain 3 (INOC2), or 1.1 × 105 LAB + 1.0 × 104 S. cerevisiae strain 3 (INOC3) and ensiled in mini-silos. Minisilos were opened at 7, 30, 60 and 90 d of ensiling and a subsample of d 90 silage was used to assess stability after 3, 7, 14 and 21 d of aerobic exposure. Silages were analyzed for chemical and fermentation traits and enumerated for LAB, total bacteria, yeast and mold. Data were analyzed as repeated measures with treatment (T), days of ensiling or aerobic exposure (D) and T × D as main effects, and individual minisilos (n = 3) or insulated containers (n = 3) served as the experimental unit for ensiling and aerobic stability parameters, respectively. Silage in INOC2 had lower pH (P < 0.01), higher lactate (P = 0.03), lower acetate (P < 0.01) and lower LAB counts (P = 0.05) than INOC1 at d 90. Yeast in INOC2 tended to be higher (P = 0.08) than INOC3 on d 3 of aerobic exposure. Aerobic stability of INOC3 was greater (P = 0.01) than CON and INOC2. A combination of LAB and S. cerevisiae strain 3 did not impact fermentation, but enhanced the aerobic stability of corn silage. This raises the possibility of delivering S. cerevisiae strain 3 as direct fed microbial to ruminants in corn silage.
PSXIV-4 Fetal programming effect of rumen-protected methionine on Angus-Simental heifer offspring’s performance and adipogenesis, oxidative stress and DNA methylation gene expression regulation
Authors: Moisá Sonia J , Alfaro Gaston F , Walz Paul H , Rodning Soren P
Published: December 2019

An extensive body of literature reported positive effects of Rumen-Protected Methionine (RPM) on dairy cattle; however, its effects are unknown on beef cattle. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of RPM supplementation on Angus-Simmental heifer’s offspring during late gestation, lactation, and after weaning (~65d). Ninety days prior to calving, 22 Angus-Simmental heifers were stratified by body weight (454 ± 85 kg; BW) and randomly assigned to dietary treatments: 1) Control diet (CTRL), and 2) Control diet + RPM (RPM). Dams had access to Bermuda hay ad libitum, and a soy hull:corn gluten based supplement. After weaning, calves were allocated by dietary treatments based on their dam’s treatment. Calves received Bermuda hay ad libitum and early-wean feed supplement after weaning. Offspring’s BW and Longissimus dorsi (LM) muscle samples were obtained on days 0, 25, 50, 100 after weaning. Messenger RNA was extracted from LM for RT-qPCR analysis. There was a tendency for RPM calves to be heavier at birth compared to control calves (P = 0.07). Although, no differences in BW were detected at weaning and after weaning (P = 0.20). Calves average daily gain between birth and weaning was greater for RPM calves as compared to CON (P = 0.02) suggesting a greater milk production, with no differences after weaning (P = 0.53). RT-qPCR results showed a treatment × time interaction for PPARG, LPL, CEBPG, DNMT1, SOD2 and NOS3 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PPARG had a treatment and a time effect, which was upregulated in RPM calves (P < 0.01) from 50 to 100 days after weaning. In conclusion, dam’s RPM supplementation during late gestation increased offspring’s BW when inside the womb and probably their milk production. Offspring’s RPM supplementation after weaning potentially stimulates an early differentiation of adipocytes in LM samples, detected by PPARG upregulation.
PSVII-30 Impacts of starch and fat concentrations on equine insulin sensitivity
Authors: Price Tanner P , Gleason Claire B , Liebe Douglas M , Davis Ty C , Beckett Linda , White Robin R
Published: December 2019

This study assessed how substituting starch energy for fat energy affects equine insulin sensitivity. A randomized, complete block design with 5 groups of 4 horses was used to evaluate responses to isoenergetic diets containing 7.1, 9.2, 11.5, 12.8 or 14.3% starch (dry matter basis, targeting 1.0–2.2 g starch/kg body weight). Horses were fed twice daily for 21 days, housed in individual box stalls, used in regular riding lessons, and blocked by plane of nutrition (PON), targeting +1 or -1 body condition score in 30 d. On d1 and d21, a hyperglycemic clamp was performed; horses received a jugular glucose infusion to double basal blood glucose concentrations ([Glu]) in 2 h. Samples for blood glucose and insulin determination were collected every 5 m until [Glu] was held at double basal for 30 minutes. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICI) were analysed using a general linear model with fixed effects for starch percent, PON, their interaction, and a covariate for number of workouts (WN). There was no effect (P > 0.10) of starch percent, PON, their interaction, or WN on initial or final ISI. Change in ISI scores was significantly affected by PON (P = 0.009) with a tendency for diet and PON interaction (P = 0.091). Initial QUICI was significantly affected by WN (P = 0.030), but no other relationships (P > 0.10) were observed for initial or final QUICI. Change in QUICI was affected by WN (P = 0.042) with a tendency for a PON effect (P = 0.082). The QUICI and ISI scores were significantly related (P < 0.001; R2=0.66), and their relationship did not interact with WN (0.751), experimental period (0.348), diet (P = 0.689) or PON (P = 0.200).
PSIV-B-34 Late-Breaking: Targeted metabolomics analysis reveals that dietary super-nutritional selenium regulates energy metabolism homeostasis in pig liver
Authors: Zhang Junmin , Tang Chaohua , Zhang Kai
Published: December 2019

Energy metabolism is a major mechanism of power reduction needed to maintain the redox state in an organism. By using a selenium (Se)-deficiency model we have previously demonstrated that Se can shift glycolysis by regulating the redox state in pig skeletal muscle. How dietary super-nutritional Se affects the energy metabolism in pig liver remains unknown. In the present study, super-nutritional Se supplementation (as selenomethionine) effects on liver selenoprotein expression and energy metabolite profiles in pigs were evaluated. In total, 36 castrated male pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 62.3 ± 3.3 kg) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups with six replicates of three pigs per replicate. The two treatment groups received the same basal diet supplemented with different levels of selenomethionine: Se adequate (Se-A, 0.25 mg Se/kg) and Se supra-nutritional (2.5 mg Se/kg) for 60 days. Animals were then scarified and their livers were sampled for Se content, selenotranscriptome, and energy-targeted metabolite profile analysis. Super-nutritional Se supplementation increased the levels of serum fasting glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid levels (P < 0.05), as well as elevated the total Se liver content (P < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase 4 mRNA expression was upregulated, while thioredoxin reductase 1 and selenoprotein W mRNA expression levels were downregulated in the super-nutritional Se group. LC-MS-based target metabolomics showed that high Se supplementation increased the levels of most metabolites involved in glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and acylcarnitine metabolism. These results indicated that dietary super-nutritional Se can regulate energy metabolism homeostasis in the pig liver.
PSIV-B-40 Late-Breaking: Effects of Total Flavonoids of Astragaluson on Development, ROS Level and Antioxidant Enzyme Genes Expression in Oxidative Damage Mouse Embryos
Authors: Yang Lin , Ihsan Ali , Li Zhong Shu , Fang Nan-Zhu
Published: December 2019

In this study, the effect of total flavonoids of astragalus (TFA) on the development, ROS level and the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in Kunming mouse during in-vitro culture. In the first experiment, effect of different concentration (0 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 75 mg/L and 100 mg/L) of TFA was used to determine optimal dose rate. In subsequent experiments, embryos were divided into three groups control, H2O2 treated and optimal concentration TFA+H2O2 treated groups. Our result shows that the 4th cell and blastocyst rate was significantly higher in 75 mg/L TFA group (P < 0.05) than the other groups. The intracellular ROS level was significantly higher in H2O2 group (P < 0.05) which was significantly decrease after the supplementation of TFA. Moreover the mRNA expression level of SOD1 and SOD2 in the TFA+H2O2 group were significantly higher than the H2O2 group (P < 0.05); however, the mRNA expression level of CAT, GPx1 and GPx4 were significantly higher in TFA+H2O2 group compared to H2O2 group (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the present shows that the optimal dose rate of TFA in vitro embryo culture was 75 mg/L. TFA treatment can reduce ROS level, improve the expression levels of CAT, SOD1, SOD2, GPx1 and GPx4 in blastocyst of mice in oxidative stress condition
PSIX-17 Effect of imprinting with essential oils on performance parameters and diarrheas in weaned piglets
Authors: Canal Bernat , Puyalto Mónica , Mesas Luis , Sol Cinta , Chaves Rhuan , Cantarelli Vinicius , Mallo Juan José
Published: December 2019

The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of prenatal and postnatal inclusion of a combination of essential oils (EO) on performance parameters and diarrheas after 2 weeks post-weaning. The trial followed a 2x3 factorial design; 2 sow diets: basal or with EO at 375 g/t x 3 piglet diets: basal diet, medicated with 200 ppm of colistin or treated with 375 g/t of EO. A total of 168 weaned piglets were randomly distributed in the 6 groups: 3 from basal sows (CC, CA and CT) and 3 from EO sows (TC, TA and TT), being the animals from the TT treatment the ones imprinted. The incidence of diarrhea was recorded twice a day and calculated using the percentage of animals with diarrhea over the total period of observations carried out. The animals were weighed at 14 days post-weaning. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using GLM procedure of SAS. Animals from the TT group had significantly lower incidence of diarrheas from 0 to 14 days post weaning. Diarrhea was recorded on 4.7b% of the observations (TT group), being significantly lower (P ≤ 0.001) than the animals from CC (10.8a%), CA (13.7a%), CT (10.7a%), TC (14.4a%) and TA (12.9a%). Performance parameters indicated that there were non-significant differences in BW, ADFI, ADG with numerically lower FCR (kg/kg) 1.14 in TT group (CC 1.23, CA 1.33, CT 1.27, TC 1.22, TA 1.23). Despite the non-significant differences in performance parameters, in this study the effect of imprinting with essential oils reduced diarrhea incidence.
PSVII-1 Effects of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on the release of xylo-oligosaccharides from six varieties of wheat in-vitro
Authors: Dale Tom N , Parr Tim , King Julie , Brameld John
Published: December 2019

The study objective was to investigate the effects of in-vitro fibrolytic enzyme incubation on xylooligosaccharide (XOS) release from different wheat varieties. Six varieties of wheat were ground to a 300µm powder and subjected to total non-cellulosic hydrolysis with Trifluroacetic acid (TFA) and in-vitro incubations with one of three commercially available enzymes at their recommended doses: Econase XT (xylanase 160,000 BXU/g), Econase MP1000 (Mannase 100,000 MNU/g) or Econase BP700 (ß-glucanase 700,000 BU/g) or no added enzymes. Each wheat variety was suspended (at 5mg/ml) in 50mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 5.2) with or without the individual enzymes (n = 3), and incubated at 40.7°C in a shaking incubator. Samples were taken at 0 and 6hr. Concentrations of xylose, xylobiose and xylotriose were determined by High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography coupled with Pulsed Electrochemical Detection fitted with a CarboPac PA20 (xylose) or CarboPac PA200 Column (Dionex, Thermo Scientific) and known xylose and XOS standards (Megazyme, Ltd). Data were analysed by one or two-way ANOVA (Genstat 19th Edition), with significance accepted at P < 0.05. After TFA hydrolysis, there were significant differences between varieties (P < .001, ANOVA) in total xylose contents (Huntsman > Paragon > Chinese spring > Sinuelo > Highbury = Pavon 74). In the in-vitro incubations, there was a significant effect of enzyme, but not wheat variety, on both xylose (P = 0.009) and xylotriose (P < .001) release at 6 hours, with Econase XT releasing more than the other two enzymes. There was a significant enzyme x wheat variety interaction (P < .001) for xylobiose release at 6 hours, with Econase MP1000 releasing the most from Huntsman. In conclusion, the 6 wheat varieties differed in their non-cellulosic xylose contents and there were clear differences in the amounts of XOS released by the 3 enzymes. Further trials are needed to investigate whether the in-vitro experiments are indicative of results observed in-vivo.
PSXIII-31 Hypothalamic and pituitary responses to resistin in sheep: integration of resistin and leptin signaling involving SOCS-3 and LepRb
Authors: Zieba Dorota A , Biernat Weronika , Szczesna Malgorzata , Kirsz Katarzyna , Misztal Tomasz
Published: December 2019

Leptin and resistin play important roles in regulating body weight and glucose metabolism. Herein, we hypothesized that resistin is a factor leading to decreased tissue sensitivity to leptin through effects on SOCS-3 and LeptRb expression. Expression of SOCS-3 and LeptRb were determined using Real-Time PCR in selected brain tissues: arcuate nucleus (ARC), ventro- and dorsomedial nuclei (VMH/DMH), preoptic area (POA) and anterior pituitary (AP). Thirty ewes (10/group), ovariectomized with E2-replacement, were fed ad libitum and housed under natural photoperiod. Intravenous treatments consisted of 1) control, 2) low dose of rbresistin (R1; 1.0 μg/kg BW), and 3) high dose of rbresistin (R2; 10.0 μg/kg BW). During long days (LD), LeptRb transcript in ARC decreased in response to R2 (P < 0.001) compared to Control. Expression of LeptRb in VMH/DMH decreased in response to R1(P < 0.001) and R2 (P < 0.001) during short days (SD) and to R2 (P < 0.001) during LD. Conversely, LeptrB transcript increased (P < 0.001) 8-fold in R1 and 4-fold in R2 (P < 0.05) in POA during SD. LeptrB transcript in the AP increased (P < 0.001) 2.1- and 1.8-fold, respectively, in response to R1 and R2 during LD. Within the ARC, SOCS-3 expression increased (P < 0.001) after R2 in LD. In POA, a 2.3-fold (P < 0.001) increase was noted in R2 only during LD. Moreover, SOCS-3 transcript increased in the AP during both LD (8.5-fold) and SD (5.8-fold) in response to R2 (P < 0.001). Evidence indicates that resistin resulted in a consistent decrease in LeptRb (except POA) and increase in SOCS-3 expression during LD in all hypothalamic nuclei. In AP, resistin increased SOCS-3 during both LD and SD and LeptRb transcript during LD. Taken together, the effects of resistin appear to be strongly associated with photoperiod-driven changes in the leptin signaling pathway, which may underlie the phenomenon of leptin resistance.
PSXIII-33 Polyunsaturated fatty acid and their fetal programming effect on the FFARs from ewe lambs’ ovaries
Authors: Martin Ana Carranza , Relling Alejandro E
Published: December 2019

Free fatty acids (FA) receptors (FFAR) are critical for metabolic functions and energy homeostasis. The FFAR1 and FFAR4 are activated by long-chain polyunsaturated FA, but FFAR2 and FFAR3 join to short-chain FA. There is no evidence fetal programming on nutritional effects on those receptors, insulin receptor (INS-R) and stereological enzyme in lambs’ ovaries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation to ewes during late gestation on finishing lamb ovary gene expression. Lambs born from ewes supplemented with Ca salts of EPA and DHA (PUFA), or palm FA distillate (PFAD) high in palmitic and oleic acid at 0.39% DM during the last 50d of gestation were used. After weaning and high concentrate diet adaptation (45d), 14 Hampshire x Dorset cross females lambs were blocked by initial BW and used in a 2x2 factorial arrangement of treatments using the factors of dam supplementation and lamb diets (PUFA or PFAD at 1.5% DM). At day 42, lambs were euthanized and ovary samples were obtained for FFARs, INS-R and steroid acute regulatory protein (STAR) mRNA concentration analysis. There was a dam diet effect on the abundance of FFAR4 mRNA (P = 0.05); lambs born from PUFA dams showed greater concentration than PFAD. Also, PUFA lambs tend to have greater concentration of FFAR4 (P = 0.07). The abundance of FFAR2, INS-R, and STAR mRNA was not significant for dam or lamb diet effect (P > 0.1). The mRNA of FFAR1 and FFAR3 were no found in the samples. However, mRNA concentration of FFAR2 and STAR were positively associated (r = 0.74 P < 0.05). In conclusion, dam and lamb diets modified FFAR4 mRNA concentration; and there might be a functional association between FFAR2 and STAR.
PSIX-10 The replacement of corn by soybean molasses improves ruminal environment of feedlot sheep
Authors: Pereira-Junior Sérgio A G , Torrecilhas Juliana A , Castro-Filho Edivilson S , Costa Rayanne Viana , Bertoco João Pedro A , Feliciano Andresa L , Rodrigues Júlia L , Galati Rosemary L , van Cleef Eric H C B , Ezequiel Jane M B
Published: December 2019

The goal of this study was to assess the effects of increasing levels of soybean molasses (SM) on ruminal parameters of feedlot sheep. Nine crossbred ruminally-cannulated male sheep (73.3 ± 2.5 kg BW) were randomly distributed in a triple 3 × 3 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of isonitrogenous (18% CP) and isoenergetic (2.7 Mcal/kg) diets, containing 0, 15 or 30% SM (DM basis). After 14 d of adaptation period, rumen fluid samples were collected in each experimental period, at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 h after feeding, to evaluate ruminal pH, NH3-N and VFA concentrations. The pH was measured immediately after rumen fluid sampling, and NH3-N concentrations were determined with micro-Kjeldahl apparatus. The concentration of VFA was assessed by gas chromatography. Data were evaluated using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with repeated measures over time. Orthogonal contrasts were used to determine the linear and quadratic effects of SM inclusions, as well as the contrast Control × SM treatments. There was no interaction of time of sampling × treatment for all variables evaluated (P > 0.05). The inclusion of SM increased linearly (P = 0.02) the ruminal pH (5.92 to 5.21 – 0 and 30%, respectively), and decreased linearly (P = 0.006) the NH3-N concentration (32.19 to 21.78 mg/dL – 0 and 30%, respectively). The addition of SM did not alter most of VFA, with exception for valeric acid (quadratic, P = 0.05), with the higher value observed in 15% SM-fed animals (1.33 mMol/L). However, when the percentage of each VFA was evaluated, the inclusion of SM increased linearly the butyric acid (P = 0.05), from 14.1 to 16.9%. The results indicate that the inclusion of soybean molasses at up to 30% (DM basis) improves the ruminal fermentation of diets in feedlot crossbred sheep.
PSIX-13 Influence of herbage allowance and beef cow genotype on herbage intake during mid-gestation in Campos grassland
Authors: Carmo Martin Do , Genro Cristina , Cibils Andres , Soca Pablo
Published: December 2019

The objective of this study was to measure herbage intake rate (g/kgBW0.75/d) of purebred (Pu, Hereford/Angus) and crossbred (Cr, F1 of Hereford/Angus) beef cows grazing under high (Hi) and low (Lo) annual herbage allowance (HA, mean 5 vs 3 kgDM/kgBW) but equal winter herbage allowance (3 kgDM/kgBW). Herbage intake was measured in 32 gestating cows (from -96 to -76 and -92 to -77 days to calving in y1 and y2 respectively) via n-alkanes C32. Cows were placed in one of 8 groups within 2 blocks (each block four paddocks) of HA x cow genotype treatment. In mid-gestation average herbage mass (±SE) was Hi = 1410 vs Lo = 710 ±230 kg DM/ha (P < 0.05) in y1, and Hi = 850 vs Lo = 570 ±230 kg DM/ha (P = 0.38) in y2. Cow genotype did not affect herbage mass, and CP (8.6±0.37%) and ADF (40.6±1.2%) concentration were not affected by HA. Cow BW (kg±SE) in Hi vs. Lo HA was 478 vs 452 ± 20(P = 0.35) for y1 and 456 vs 393 ± 17(P < 0.05) for y2, while cow BW in Cr vs Pu was 477 vs 453 ± 17 (P = 0.34) and 448 vs 407 ± 17 (P = 0.09) for y1 and y2, respectively. Herbage allowance affected herbage intake (g/kgBW0.75/d) in y2, Hi = 77 vs Lo = 70 ±0.3 (P < 0.05) but not in y1 (Hi = 103 vs Lo = 97 ±0.3, P = 0.19) while Cr cows had lower herbage intake Pu = 108 vs Cr = 92 ±0.3 Cr (P < 0.05) and Pu = 79 vs Cr = 68 ±0.3 (P < 0.05) y1 and y2, respectively. Intake rates were affected by HA and animal genotype. High HA increased intake rates 10% and Cr cows decreased 17% herbage intake rate. Our results provide mechanistic criteria to manage stocking rates on Campos cattle ranches.
PSXI-26 Assessing diet integrity and potential sorting behavior in backgrounding diets fed in a GrowSafe feed intake monitoring system
Authors: Silva Gleise M , Podversich Federico , Luna Ana C G , Barreneche Gonzalo , DiLorenzo Nicolas
Published: December 2019

The integrity of a diet fed as a total mixed ration (TMR) in feedlot and backgrounding scenarios is essential to maintain animal performance and minimized digestive upsets. The objective of this study was to quantify crude protein (CP), dry matter (DM) and ash concentration of a backgrounding diet fed as a TMR in a GrowSafe feed intake monitoring system. Angus crossbreed heifers (n = 70; 360 ± 60 kg of BW; 470 ± 26 d of age) and steers (n = 20; 386 ± 65 kg of BW; 465 ± 30 d of age) were allocated to 18 concrete-floored pens (108 m2), equipped with two GrowSafe feed bunks each to receive a backgrounding diet fed ad libitum as a TMR. Diet was comprised of (DM basis): 35% cottonseed hulls, 34% cracked corn grain, 20% pelleted corn gluten feed, 5% cottonseed meal, 4% liquid supplement (molasses-based), and 2% limestone. Feed samples were collected from three segments of each bunk (top; TOP, middle; MID, and bottom; BOT).Samples from the TOP was collected immediately after feed was provided and further samplings were conducted when feed was consumed throughout the day to obtain the MID and BOT samples in a 24 h interval. Approximately 90 kg (as fed) of the TMR was provided at 0800 h in each clean feed bunk. Concentration of CP did not differ (P = 0.89) throughout the day. However, DM content decreased as feed was consumed (P < 0.001). Concentration of ash was greater for the MID and BOT portions compared to TOP (P = 0.04). In conclusion, CP concentrations in the backgrounding diet fed were not altered throughout the day as diet was consumed. Increased ash concentration towards the bottom of the feed bunk prior to the new feed delivery may result from vertical stratification of the TMR.
PSXII-22 Performance of Nellore bulls fed with rehydrated corn silage or rehydrated sorghum silage or sorghum grain in substitution of corn grain
Authors: Paschoaloto Josimari R , Guimarães Laissa A , Matos Ellem Maria A , Villela Severino D Junqueira
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the corn grain cracked substitution by sorghum grain, rehydrated corn silage, or rehydrated sorghum silage on animal performance. Thirty-two Nellore bulls initially weighing 324.76 ± 36.0 were used in a completely randomized design distributed in four treatments: corn grain (CG), sorghum grain (SG), rehydrated corn silage (RCS) and rehydrated sorghum silage (RSS). Pen was considered the experimental unit. Response variables included: final body weight (FBW) and dry matter intake (DMI). The basal diet consisted of (DM basis) of 30% sorghum silage as roughage, and 70% of concentrate, consisted of corn grain or sorghum grain or rehydrated corn silage, or rehydrated sorghum silage, soybean hulls, soybean meal, and mineral supplement. The data were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS and means were compared by Tukey test. Feeding sorghum grain, rehydrated corn silage or rehydrated sorghum silage did not affect the DMI and, consequently, did not affect significantly the final body weight (FBW). The FBW means of each treatment were 444.38, 434.69, 464.22, 443.44, and the DMI were 9.57, 9.23, 9.06, 9.19, respectively to corn grain (CG), sorghum grain (SG), rehydrated corn silage (RCS) and rehydrated sorghum silage (RSS) treatments. It was concluded that diets based on corn grain or sorghum grain, rehydrated or not, can support a similar performance of Nellore bulls finished in feedlot.
PSXIV-26 Effect of effective microorganisms (EM®) and milk whey or molasses on in vitro digestibility of corn stover silage
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Manuel , Marquez-Mota Claudia , Castrejón-Pineda Francisco , Vallejo Laura , García-Pérez Águeda , Romero-Pérez Atmir , Corona Luis
Published: December 2019

Corn stover (CS) is an agricultural by-product widely used in the ruminant feeding systems, despite its poor nutritional value and digestibility. Although treatments such as alkalinization, pelleting and extruded have been evaluated to improve its digestibility, the use of those treatments is limited. An alternative might be the use of EM (cocktail of mainly lactic bacteria), although there is no information about the optimal dose to improve DM digestibility of CS. On the other hand, there are agroindustrial byproducts such as milk whey and molasses that can be used as energy sources for ensiling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of EM® and the type of energy substrate on in vitrodry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and pH of CS silage. Microsilos were elaborated in plastic bottles, which were assigned to a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement 4 (levels: 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ml/kg as feed of EM®) × 2 (energy source:milk whey or molasses, 15%), with five repetitions each. Results were analyzed using the GLM procedure of SAS. Orthogonal polynomials were tested to determine linear and quadratic effects of EM® dosis. Interaction of dose × energy source was observed (P < 0.05). The highest IVDMD and lowest pH was observed with addition of 0.5 mL and 1 mL of EM® and milk whey. IVDMD linearly increased and pH was reduced (P < 0.05) with the increasing levels of EM®). It is concluded that addition of EM® at doses of 0.5 to 1 mL / kg DM improved IVDMD and that milk whey is the best source of energy for the ensiling of CS.
PSXIII-9 Can we predict feed efficiency using fecal microbiota information?
Authors: Sciellour Mathilde Le , Dejean Sébastien , Renaudeau David , Zemb Olivier
Published: December 2019

The present study aimed at predicting feed efficiency (FE) based on fecal microbiota, using partial least square regression (PLSR), sparse PLSR, and random forest regression (RF). Fecal samples from 147 Pietrain x (Large White x Landrace) pigs reared in two consecutive batches were collected at 99 days of age. Daily live body weight and feed intake were individually measured in pigs fed ad libitum with a corn soybean diet. The relative abundances of operational taxonomic units (OTU) resulting from fecal 16S rRNA sequencing were used to build the prediction models of FE between 99 and 113 days. From these data, neither PLSR nor RF models have been validated on external datasets. An important over-fitting has been observed in PLSR. With this aim to test the ability of the methods to retrieve information, synthetic OTU were created to fit an artificial Pearson correlation with FE (r² = 0 to 0.9) and were added among the predictors in the dataset. Artificial OTU correlated above 0.37 with FE improved the prediction in sparse PLSR and RF, and reduced the over-fitting. The best predictions were achieved by sparse PLSR. The present study emphasized the ability of sparse PLSR and RF to build valid prediction models of a quantitative phenotype, based on fecal microbiota composition. Since no OTU was correlated above 0.30 with FE in the real dataset, the power of the prediction methods was not enough to extract useful information from the fecal microbiota. The functional redundancy of the microbiota could explain the lack of relevant information in the real dataset to predict pigs’ quantitative phenotype. These results suggest that the best strategy is to run sparse PLSR only if a correlation higher than 0.37 is observed. This study is part of the Feed-a-Gene Project funded from the European Union’s H2020 Program (grant 633531).
PSXIII-6 Fat deposition in castrated pigs for production of dry-cured ham: Evaluation of nutritional and genetic strategies
Authors: Aymerich Pau , Jiménez-Moreno Encarnación , Bonet Jordi , Carrión Domingo , Coma Jaume
Published: December 2019

Fat deposition is an important trait for the dry-cured ham industry. A minimum ham fat thickness (HFT) is required for adequate processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate two different strategies to meet this minimum requirement, a nutritional and a genetic one. The study involved productive performance of a total of 147,883 animals (barrows and gilts) from 164 farms. The experimental unit for carcass traits harvested was a truck with 200 pigs each. The nutritional strategy consisted in reducing the SID Lys:NE during one month before slaughter in combination with a feed additive to improve meat quality (2500 kcal NE and 8 g SID Lys/kg vs. 2550 kcal NE and 6.5 g SID Lys/kg). Both feeding programs were offered to crossbreds from a lean Duroc sire line with two different synthetic dam lines. The genetic strategy consisted of comparing two crossbred derived from two Duroc sire line (lean vs fat) all fed the same standard finisher diet (2500 kcal NE and 8 g SID Lys/kg). Experimental feeding program impaired FCR by 0.035 kg/kg (P < 0.05), and increased HFT by 0.28 mm (P < 0.01). The fat Duroc sire line impaired FCR by 0.162 kg/kg (P < 0.05) and increased HFT by 0.77 mm (P < 0.001) compared to the lean one. In addition, one of the dam lines showed a greater HFT (P < 0.001) with no effect on FCR. In conclusion, HFT can be increased through nutritional and genetic strategies assuming a negative effect on FCR. The effects were greater by using a genetic strategy (fatter Duroc sire line) than by the nutritional one (decreased SID Lys:NE ratio in a lean Duroc sire line).
Risk Factors and Prevalence of QTc Prolongation in Adult Burn Patients Receiving Methadone
Authors: Walroth Todd A , Boyd Allison N , Hester Allison M , Schoenle Marilyn K , Hartman Brett C , Sood Rajiv
Published: December 2019

Methadone is an opioid commonly used for acute pain management in burn patients. One adverse effect of methadone is QTc interval prolongation, which may be associated with adverse cardiac outcomes. There is currently a paucity of data regarding risk of QTc prolongation in burn patients taking methadone and a lack of evidence-based recommendations for monitoring strategies in this population. The study objective was to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and cardiac outcomes related to methadone-associated QTc prolongation in adult burn patients. A total of 91 patients were included and were divided into groups according to maximum QTc. QTc prolongation was defined as greater than or equal to 470 ms (males) or 480 ms (females). There were no differences between groups regarding patient-specific risk factors, baseline QTc, or time to longest QTc. Patients in the prolonged QTc group had a higher rate of cardiac events (44% vs 9%; P < .001), higher median (IQR) change from baseline to longest QTc (61 ms [18,88] vs 23 ms [13,38]; P < .001), higher median (IQR) total daily dose of methadone (90 mg [53,98] vs 53 mg [30,75]; P = .004), and longer median (IQR) length of stay (53 [33,82] vs 35 [26,52] days; P = .008). QTc prolongation in burn patients was associated with increased methadone dose and resulted in a higher rate of cardiac events. This study was the first of its kind to look at risk factors and cardiac outcomes associated with methadone use in burn patients.
Abdominal Tuberculosis in Children: Challenges, Uncertainty, and Confusion
Authors: Sartoris Giulia , Seddon James A , Rabie Helena , Nel Etienne D , Schaaf H Simon
Published: December 2019

The diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis (TB) is challenging, and the prevalence of abdominal TB in children is likely underestimated. It may present with nonspecific abdominal symptoms and signs, but children who present with pulmonary TB may have additional abdominal subclinical involvement. Diagnosis is specifically challenging because none of the available diagnostic tools provide adequate sensitivity and specificity.

In this review, we summarize the best available evidence on abdominal TB in children, covering the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. We propose a diagnostic approach that could be followed for symptomatic children. We believe that a combination of investigations could be useful to both aid diagnosis and define the extent of the disease, and we propose that abdominal ultrasound should be used more frequently in children with possible TB and any abdominal symptoms. This neglected disease has received little attention to date, and further research is warranted.
Diplopia and Strabismus After Corneal Refractive Surgery
Authors: Mehta Aditya , Reed Donovan , Miller Kyle E
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Diplopia and strabismus are known complications after corneal refractive surgery (CRS). Within the U.S. Armed Forces, refractive surgery is used to improve the operational readiness of the service member, and these complications could cause significant degradation to their capability. This study was performed in order to identify the incidence of strabismus and diplopia following CRS within the U.S. Military Health System.

Methods

A retrospective review of all patients who underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in the Department of Defense from January 2006 through September 2013 was designed and approved by the Naval Medical Center Portsmouth Institutional Review Board. The military health system data mart was queried for all patients who underwent one of these procedures and subsequently had an International Classification of Disease-9 code for any strabismus or diplopia through 2014 allowing at least 1 year of follow-up. We then calculated the incidence of both diplopia and strabismus for these procedures as the primary measure and the overall prevalence as a secondary measure.

Results

A total of 108,157 patients underwent PRK or LASIK during our study period with 41 of these patients subsequently having a diagnosis of diplopia or strabismus. After chart review, 16 of these patients were excluded resulting in 25 patients for inclusion in either the strabismus (23 patients, 0.02%) or diplopia (3 patients, 0.003%) cohorts with one patient having both. Of the 23 patients with postoperative strabismus, 4 were new cases giving an incidence of 0.004% and 2 new cases of diplopia for an incidence of 0.002%.

Conclusion

Diplopia and strabismus are rare complications after CRS in the U.S. military population. These procedures continue to increase the operational readiness of our service members with minimal risk of these potentially debilitating complications. Overall, this study provides support for the continued use of PRK and LASIK despite study limitations related to the use of large databases for retrospective review. Future prospective studies using delineated preoperative and postoperative examinations with sensorimotor testing included may be able to resolve the limitations of this study.
Constraining the masses of planets in protoplanetary discs from the presence or absence of vortices – comparison with ALMA observations
Authors: Hallam P D , Paardekooper S-J
Published: December 2019

A massive planet in a protoplanetary disc will open a gap in the disc material. A steep gap edge can be hydrodynamically unstable, which results in the formation of vortices that can act as tracers for the presence of planets in observational results. However, in a viscous disc, the potential formation of these vortices is dependent on the time-scale over which the massive planet accretes mass and with a sufficiently long time-scale it is possible for no vortices to form. Hence, there is a connection between the presence of vortices and the growth time-scale of the planet and it may therefore be possible to exclude a planetary interpretation of observed structure from the absence of vortices. We have investigated the effect of the planet growth time-scale on vortex formation for a range of planet masses and viscosities and have found an approximate relation between the planet mass, viscosity and planet growth time-scale for which vortices are not formed within the disc. We then interpret these results in the light of recent observations. We have also found that planets do not need to be close to a Jupiter mass to form vortices in the disc if these discs have low viscosity, as these can be caused by planets as small as a few Neptune masses.
Jets in the soft state in Cyg X-3 caused by advection of the donor magnetic field and unification with low-mass X-ray binaries
Authors: Cao Xinwu , Zdziarski Andrzej A
Published: December 2019

The high-mass accreting binary Cyg X-3 is distinctly different from low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in having powerful radio and γ-ray emitting jets in its soft spectral state. However, the transition from the hard state to the soft one is first associated with quenching of the hard-state radio emission, as in LMXBs. The powerful soft-state jets in Cyg X-3 form, on average, ∼50 d later. We interpret the initial jet quenching as due to the hard-state vertical magnetic field quickly diffusing away in the thin disc extending to the innermost stable circular orbit in the soft state, or, if that field is produced in situ, also cessation of its generation. The subsequent formation of the powerful jets occurs due to advection of the magnetic field from the donor. We find this happens only above certain threshold accretion rate associated with appearance of magnetically driven outflows. The ∼50 d lag is of the order of the viscous time-scale in the outer disc, while the field advection is much faster. This process does not happen in LMXBs due to the magnetic fluxes available from their donors being lower than that for the wind accretion from the Wolf–Rayet donor of Cyg X-3. In our model, the vertical magnetic field in the hard state, required to form the jets both in Cyg X-3 and LMXBs, is formed in situ rather than advected from the donor. Our results provide a unified scenario of the soft and hard states in both Cyg X-3 and LMXBs.
Relativistic ocean r-modes during type-I X-ray bursts
Authors: Chambers F R N , Watts A L
Published: December 2019

Accreting neutron stars (NS) can exhibit high frequency modulations in their lightcurves during thermonuclear X-ray bursts, known as burst oscillations. These frequencies can be offset from the NS spin frequency by several Hz (where known independently) and can drift by 1–3 Hz. One plausible explanation is that a wave is present in the bursting ocean, the rotating frame frequency of which is the offset. The frequency of the wave should decrease (in the rotating frame) as the burst cools hence explaining the drift. A strong candidate is a buoyant r-mode. To date, models that calculated the frequency of this mode taking into account the radial structure neglected relativistic effects and predicted rotating frame frequencies of ∼4 Hz and frequency drifts of >5 Hz; too large to be consistent with observations. We present a calculation that includes frame-dragging and gravitational redshift that reduces the rotating frame frequency by up to $30 \, {\rm per\, cent}$ and frequency drift by up to $20 \, {\rm per\, cent}$. Updating previous models for the ocean cooling in the aftermath of the burst to a model more representative of detailed calculations of thermonuclear X-ray bursts reduces the frequency of the mode still further. This model, combined with relativistic effects, can reduce the rotating frequency of the mode to ∼2 Hz and frequency drift to ∼2 Hz, which is closer to the observed values.
Use of Mixed Reality Visualization in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Zeiger Joshua , Costa Anthony , Bederson Joshua , Shrivastava Raj K , Iloreta Alfred M C
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Neuronavigation systems assist with spatial orientation during endoscopic transnasal skull base surgery, but they require a correlation of 3-dimensional (3D) views with 2-dimensional (2D) radiology studies.

OBJECTIVE

To outline an initial experience with a novel technology platform that provides intraoperative navigation using 3D reconstructions of patient anatomy for endoscopic surgery.

METHODS

A retrospective study of endoscopic anterior skull base and complex paranasal procedures was performed. Data from preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scans were fused to create 3D digital models of patient anatomy. Using the technology developed by Surgical Theater (Mayfield Village, Ohio), these reconstructions were designed to highlight particular anatomic regions of interest. The models were studied to guide the surgical approach and anticipate critical structures.

The reconstructions were linked with the navigational technology created by Brainlab (Munich, Germany) during endoscopic surgery. A dynamic image of the reconstruction was displayed alongside a matching endoscopic camera view. These 2 views could be overlaid to provide an immersive, mixed reality image of the patient's anatomy.

RESULTS

A total of 134 cases were performed. The pathologies included tumors of the anterior skull base or sinonasal cavity, inflammatory sinus disease, and cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Specific anatomic structures, such as the internal carotid arteries and optic nerves, were chosen for enhancement. Surgeons felt that the technology helped to guide the extent of bony dissection and to identify critical structures.

CONCLUSION

We describe the first clinical series of complex skull base pathologies treated using a novel mixed reality platform.
A prospective study of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection among adolescents and adults in northern Tanzania
Authors: Madut Deng B , Rubach Matthew P , Kalengo Nathaniel , Carugati Manuela , Maze Michael J , Morrissey Anne B , Mmbaga Blandina T , Lwezaula Bingileki F , Kilonzo Kajiru G , Maro Venance P , Crump John A
Published: December 2019

Background

Characterization of the epidemiology of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection (BSI) in sub-Saharan Africa is lacking. We studied patients with E. coli BSI in northern Tanzania to describe host risk factors for infection and to describe the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates.

Methods

Within 24 h of admission, patients presenting with a fever at two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania, were screened and enrolled. Cases were patients with at least one blood culture yielding E. coli and controls were those without E. coli isolated from any blood culture. Logistic regression was used to identify host risk factors for E. coli BSI.

Results

We analyzed data from 33 cases and 1615 controls enrolled from 2007 through 2018. The median (IQR) age of cases was 47 (34–57) y and 24 (72.7%) were female. E. coli BSI was associated with (adjusted OR [aOR], 95% CI) increasing years of age (1.03, 1.01 to 1.05), female gender (2.20, 1.01 to 4.80), abdominal tenderness (2.24, 1.06 to 4.72) and urinary tract infection as a discharge diagnosis (3.71, 1.61 to 8.52). Of 31 isolates with antimicrobial susceptibility results, the prevalence of resistance was ampicillin 29 (93.6%), ceftriaxone three (9.7%), ciprofloxacin five (16.1%), gentamicin seven (22.6%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 31 (100.0%).

Conclusions

In Tanzania, host risk factors for E. coli BSI were similar to those reported in high-resource settings and resistance to key antimicrobials was common.