bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Ethnic Channels and the Spread of Wheat in China from the Perspective of Crop Anthropology
Authors:   Asia Social Science Academy, Dai Gaofeng
Published: August 2022

The spread of wheat from West Asia to China has experienced a long time and complicated paths. In particular, the plant archaeological studies reveal that the spread of wheat in China presents the phenomenon of time-space inversion and multi-point synchronization, which makes it difficult to justify the description of the simple linear path of wheat spread from west to east. From the perspective of crop anthropology, the spread of wheat is based on the combination of factors including climate change, physical and geographical conditions, farming techniques and cultural exchanges. The discussion on the spread track of wheat in China should integrate archaeological remains, natural conditions, livelihood style, ethnic communication, cultural changes, etc. From the perspective of nationalities and ethnic groups, the flow of people and cultural exchange should be put in the first place. The Eurasian steppe channel and the Silk Road are the two ethnic channels through which wheat spreads to China. First of all, wheat spread from eastern Central Asia to Shandong in a short period of time and was widely planted, which was a rapid spread through the Eurasian steppe channel. Second, the track of the eastward spread of wheat along the route of Silk Road can be confirmed by the wheat flour culture and customs retained by all ethnic groups in the Tibetan-Yi Corridor in China. Therefore, the ethnic channel provides a more concrete and diversified cognitive way for the study of wheat spread in China.
Impacts of marine organic emissions on low-level stratiform clouds – a large eddy simulator study
Authors: Prank Marje , Tonttila Juha , Ahola Jaakko , Kokkola Harri , Kühn Thomas , Romakkaniemi Sami , Raatikainen Tomi
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The goal of this study is to investigate the role of
organic aerosols emitted with sea spray or formed from marine gas phase
emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in influencing the stability
of stratiform marine clouds. We aim to point out the processes and
drivers that could be relevant for global climate and should thus be
considered in large-scale models. We employ a large eddy simulator coupled with an
aerosol–cloud microphysical model together with different parameterizations
for emission of sea salt, primary organic aerosol, and VOCs from sea surface
and formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), to simulate the conditions
of the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus observational campaign characterized by low-level
stratocumulus clouds transitioning from closed cells to drizzling open cell
structure. We find that the inclusion of sea spray emissions can both extend and
shorten the transitioning timescale between closed and open cells based on
the parameterization employed. Fine sea spray provides extra cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN) and delays the onset of drizzle as the
collision–coalescence process is slowed down due to smaller cloud droplet
mean size. The coarse mode has an opposite effect due to giant CCN (GCCN)
speeding up the drizzle formation through the enhanced collision–coalescence
processes. The balance between two processes depends on the model
parameterization employed. Compared to differences between different sea
spray parameterizations, the sensitivity of the clouds to the variations in
organic fraction of sea spray and hygroscopicity of the emitted particles is
relatively limited. However, our results show that it is important to
account for the size dependence of the sea spray organic fraction as
attributing organic emissions to coarse mode noticeably reduces the GCCN
effect. In addition, including the secondary organic aerosol formation
from VOCs can potentially have a noticeable impact, but only when emitting
the highest observed fluxes of monoterpenes. This impact is also highly
sensitive on the size distribution of the background aerosol population. SOA
production from isoprene is visible only if aqueous phase SOA production
pathways are included, and even then, the effect is lower than from
monoterpenes.
Polar stratospheric nitric acid depletion surveyed from a decadal dataset of IASI total columns
Authors: Wespes Catherine , Ronsmans Gaetane , Clarisse Lieven , Solomon Susan , Hurtmans Daniel , Clerbaux Cathy , Coheur Pierre-François
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In this paper, we exploit the first 10-year data record (2008–2017) of nitric acid (HNO3) total columns measured by the IASI-A/MetOp
infrared sounder, characterized by an exceptional daily sampling and a good vertical sensitivity in the lower-to-mid stratosphere (around
50 hPa), to monitor the relationship between the temperature decrease and the observed HNO3 loss that occurs each year in the
Antarctic stratosphere during the polar night. Since the HNO3 depletion results from the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs),
which trigger the development of the ozone (O3) hole, its continuous monitoring is of high importance. We verify here, from the 10-year
time evolution of HNO3 together with temperature (taken from reanalysis at 50 hPa), the recurrence of specific regimes in the annual cycle
of IASI HNO3 and identify (for each year) the day and the 50 hPa temperature (“drop temperature”) corresponding to the onset of
strong HNO3 depletion in the Antarctic winter. Although the measured HNO3 total column does not allow for the uptake of HNO3 by
different types of PSC particles along the vertical profile to be differentiated, an average drop temperature of 194.2 ± 3.8 K, close
to the nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) existence threshold (∼ 195 K at 50 hPa), is found in the region of potential vorticity
lower than −10 × 10−5 Km2kg-1s-1 (similar to the 70–90∘ S equivalent latitude region during
winter). The spatial distribution and interannual variability of the drop temperature are investigated and discussed. This paper highlights the
capability of the IASI sounder to monitor the evolution of polar stratospheric HNO3, a key player in the processes involved in the depletion
of stratospheric O3.
Sensitivity analysis of DSD retrievals from polarimetric radar in stratiform rain based on the μ–Λ relationship
Authors: Gatidis Christos , Schleiss Marc , Unal Christine
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Raindrop size distributions (DSDs) play a crucial role in quantitative rainfall estimation using weather radar. Thanks to dual polarization capabilities, crucial information about the DSD in a given volume of air can be retrieved. One popular retrieval method assumes that the DSD can be modeled by a constrained gamma distribution in which the shape (μ) and rate (Λ) parameters are linked together by a deterministic relationship. In the literature, μ–Λ relationships are often taken for granted and applied without much critical discussion. In this study, we take another look at this important issue by conducting a detailed analysis of μ–Λ relations in stratiform rain and quantifying the accuracy of the associated DSD retrievals. Crucial aspects of our research include the sensitivity of μ–Λ relations to the temporal aggregation scale, drop concentration, inter-event variability, and adequacy of the gamma distribution model. Our results show that μ–Λ relationships in stratiform rain are surprisingly robust to the choice of the sampling resolution, sample size, and adequacy of the gamma model. Overall, the retrieved DSDs are in a rather decent agreement with ground observations (correlation coefficient of 0.57 and 0.74 for μ and Dm). The main sources of errors and uncertainty during the retrievals are calibration offsets in reflectivity (Zhh) and differential reflectivity (Zdr). Measurement noise and differences in scale between radars and disdrometers also play a minor role. The raindrop concentration (NT) remains the most difficult parameter to retrieve, which can be off by several orders of magnitude. After careful data filtering and removal of problematic Zhh/Zdr pairs, the correlation coefficient for the retrieved NT values remained low, only slightly increasing from 0.12 into 0.24.
An assessment of reprocessed GPS/MET observations spanning 1995–1997
Authors: Mannucci Anthony J. , Ao Chi O. , Iijima Byron A. , Meehan Thomas K. , Vergados Panagiotis , Kursinski E. Robert , Schreiner William S.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. We have performed an analysis of reprocessed GPS/MET data spanning 1995–1997 generated by the COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center (CDAAC) in 2007. CDAAC developed modified dual-frequency processing methods for the encrypted data (anti-spoofing (AS)-on) during 1995–1997. We compared the CDAAC data set to the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications-2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis, separately for AS-on and AS-off, focusing on the altitude range 10–30 km. MERRA-2 did not assimilate GPS/MET data in the period 1995–1997. To gain insight into the CDAAC data set, we developed a single-frequency data set for GPS/MET, which is unaffected by the presence of encryption. We find excellent agreement between the more limited single-frequency data set and the CDAAC data set: the bias between these two data sets is consistently less than 0.25 % in refractivity, whether or not AS is on. Given the different techniques applied between the CDAAC and the new data set presented here (designated JPL), agreement suggests that the CDAAC AS-on processing and the single-frequency processing are not biased in an aggregate sense greater than 0.25 % in refractivity, which corresponds approximately to a temperature bias less than 0.5 K. Since the profiles contained in the new single-frequency data set are not a subset of the CDAAC profiles, the combination of the CDAAC data set, consisting of 9579 profiles, and the new single-frequency data set, consisting of 4729 profiles, yields a total number of 11 531 unique profiles from combining the JPL and CDAAC data sets. All numbers are after quality control has been applied by the respective processing activities.
Width of Plasmaspheric Plumes Related to the Intensity of Geomagnetic Storm
Authors: Yang Zhanrong , Li Haimeng , Yuan Zhigang , Ouyang Zhihai , Deng Xiaohua
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The plume is a plasma region in the magnetosphere that is detached from the main plasmasphere. It significantly contributes to the dynamic processes in both the inner and outer magnetosphere. In this paper, using Van Allen Probe A, the correlation between plume width and the intensity of a geomagnetic storm is studied. First, through the statistical analysis of all potential plume events, we find that there is almost no correlation between plume width and the intensity of geomagnetic storms. However, for the plumes in the recovery phase after improved sifting, it seems that there is a negative correlation between the plume width and the absolute value of minimum Dst during a storm. Utilizing test particle simulations, we study the dynamic evolution patterns of plumes during two geomagnetic storms. The simulated structures of the two plasmaspheric plumes are roughly consistent with the structures observed by the Van Allen Probe A. This result suggests that the plasmaspheric particles escape quickly during intense geomagnetic storms, causing the width of the plume to be relatively narrow during the recovery phase of intense geomagnetic storms. These results are helpful for understanding the dynamic evolution of the plasmasphere and plume during geomagnetic storms.
Construction of the Ukrainian Carpathian Wedge from low-temperature thermochronology and tectono-stratigraphic analysis
Authors: Roger Marion , de Leeuw Arjan , van der Beek Peter , Husson Laurent , Sobel Edward R. , Glodny Johannes , Bernet Matthias
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The evolution of orogenic wedges can be determined through stratigraphic and thermochronological analysis. We used apatite fission-track (AFT) and apatite and zircon (U-Th-Sm)/He (AHe and ZHe) low-temperature thermochronology to assess the thermal evolution of the Ukrainian Carpathians, a prime example of an orogenic wedge forming in a retreating subduction zone setting. Whereas most of our AHe ages are reset by burial heating, eight out of ten of our AFT ages are partially reset, and all ZHe ages are non-reset. We inverse-modelled our thermochronology data to determine the time-temperature paths of six out of the 8 nappes composing the wedge. The models were integrated with burial diagrams derived from the stratigraphy of the individual nappes, which allowed us to distinguish sedimentary from tectonic burial. This analysis reveals that accretion of successive nappes and their subsequent exhumation mostly occurred sequentially, with an apparent exhumation rate increase towards the external nappes. Following a phase of tectonic burial, the nappes were generally exhumed when a new nappe was accreted, whereas, in one case, duplexing resulted in prolonged burial. An early orogenic wedge formed with the accretion of the innermost nappe at 34 Ma, leading to an increase in sediment supply to the remnant basin. Most of the other nappes were accreted between 28–18 Ma. Modelled exhumation of the outermost nappe started at 12 Ma, and was accompanied by out-of-sequence thrusting. The latter was linked to emplacement of the wedge onto the European platform and consequent slab detachment. The distribution of thermochronological ages across the wedge, showing non-reset ages in both the inner and outer part of the belt, suggests that the wedge was unable to reach dynamic equilibrium for a period long enough to fully reset all thermochronometers. Non-reset ZHe ages indicate that sediments in the inner part of the Carpathian embayment were mostly supplied by the Inner Carpathians, while sediments in the outer part of the basin were derived mostly from the Trans-European suture zone or the European margin. Our results suggest that during the accretionary phase, few sediments were recycled from the wedge to the foredeep. Most of the sediments exhumed from the Ukrainian Carpathian wedge were likely transported directly to the present pro- and retro- foreland basins.
Finding Quaternary Seismogenic Activity Along the Eastern Periadriatic Fault System: Dating of Fault Gouges via Electron Spin Resonance
Authors: Prince Erick , Tsukamoto Sumiko , Grützner Christoph , Vrabec Marko , Ustaszewski Kamil
Published: August 2022

The Periadriatic Fault System (PAF) is among the most important post-collisional structures of the Alps; it accommodated between 150-300 km of right-lateral strike-slip motion between the European and Adriatic plates from about 35 until 15 Ma. The scarcity of instrumental and historical seismicity on the easternmost segment of the fault is intriguing, especially when compared to nearby structures in the adjacent Southern Alps. Through this project, we aim to show which segments accommodated seismotectonic deformation during the Quaternary by applying Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating to fault gouges produced by the fault system. The method is especially useful for dating shear heating during earthquake activity at near-surface conditions due to its dating range (~104  ~106 years) ) and low closing temperature (< 100°C). During our field campaigns, we acquired structural data and collected 19 fault gouge samples from 15 localities along the PAF, the Labot/Lavanttal Fault, and the Šoštanj Fault. We measured the ESR signals from the Ti and Al centers following the additive and regenerative protocols on 60 mg aliquots of quartz, and compared the measurements between different grain size fractions. Here, we present our preliminary results from select localities, suggesting Quaternary earthquake activity along the fault system.
Project DIVE (Drilling the Ivrea-Verbano zonE): A joint petrological, geochemical, and geophysical exploration of the lower continental crust
Authors: Greenwood Andrew , Hetényi György , Ziberna Luca , Pistone Mattia , Zanetti Alberto , Müntener Othmar , Team Project DIVE
Published: August 2022

Despite the structural complexity of the Alps at numerous scales, geological and geophysical investigations have respectively mapped and imaged tremendous amounts of information near the surface and at depth. However, there is an inherent gap between the two sets of approaches, leaving the middle and lower crust poorly constrained. This has been one of the main motivations to initiate the ICDP project DIVE (Drilling the Ivrea-Verbano zonE), in which three geological sites of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone will be explored through scientific drilling. In this zone, near-complete sections of the continental crust are exposed at the surface, and with careful geological preparation and geophysical site surveys we have targeted three areas with a great potential of further discoveries during DIVE. Almost all physical and chemical properties will be characterized on the recovered rock core samples, in borehole logging investigations, and additional surveys around each site. Taken together, these should cover a large range of spatial scales covering at least 6 orders of magnitude (mm to km), investigate structures and their variations in bulk properties within the lower crust, and the transition to mantle rocks in an unprecedented way. The interdisciplinary approach not only allows to correlate numerous geophysical and petrological properties, but with modelling it will also allow to investigate the causative relationships.

The detailed aims, preparatory steps, as well as the current status of project DIVE, will be presented at the conference. By that time, drilling of the first hole is expected to start near Ornavasso, followed by a second hole in Megolo (both in Val d’Ossola). For the third site near Balmuccia, which is planned for later, site survey results will be presented.
Age and structure of the Stubai Alps (Ötztal-Nappe, Tyrol/Austria)
Authors: Reiser Martin , Iglseder Christoph , Schuster Ralf , Schneider David , Gallhofer Daniela
Published: August 2022

The Ötztal-Nappe in the central Eastern Alps represents a classical area of polyphase deformation and metamorphism. The pre-Mesozoic basement (Ötztal-Stubai Complex; OSC) comprises metasediments (paragneiss and mica schist), metaigneous rocks and metabasites that experienced a polymetamorphic overprint during Ordovician, Variscan (Devonian to Carboniferous) and Eo-Alpine (Early/Late Cretaceous) events. In the Stubai Alps, basement rocks are unconformably overlain by a monometamorphic Permo-Triassic cover sequence (i.e. “Brenner-Mesozoic”), which truncates pre-Mesozoic structures and allows discriminating pre-Alpine and (Eo-)Alpine structures.
Ordovician metagranites (analysed using LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircon), deformed together with their metasedimentary host rock, highlight the large-scale structure of the OSC. During the Variscan event, metabasitic rocks of the central OSC underwent eclogite-facies metamorphism followed by an amphibolite-facies overprint. Two pre-Alpine fold generations can be distinguished: i) NE-dipping fold axes of isoclinal folds overprinted by ii) subhorizontal NW-SE trending fold axes that are associated with a pervasive axial plane foliation. Shearbands dissecting the foliation indicate a top-NE directed shear sense, which probably correlates with post-Variscan exhumation. Locally, the shearbands show a SE-directed overprint, which is attributed to Late Cretaceous extension in the course of the Eo-Alpine event.
(Eo-)Alpine metamorphism of the Ötztal-Nappe, represented by a southward increasing gradient from greenschist-facies conditions in the northwest to epidote-amphibolite-facies conditions in the southeast, led to a differential structural overprint. Ar-Ar white mica ages from the Stubai Alps yielding Middle to Upper Pennsylvanian ages (post-Variscan cooling) and “mixed” Variscan-to-Alpine ages reflect the metamorphic gradient. Late Cretaceous ages from Rb-Sr analyses on biotite and (U-Th)/He) zircon thermochronology provide time constraints on large detachment faults that created several tectonic klippen of Mesozoic rocks in the study area. These detachments formed in a general SE-directed extensional regime, which is widely reported from Upper Austroalpine units.
How active is recent tectonics in the central Balkans: Evidence from the Serbian Carpatho-Balkanides
Authors: Mladenovic Ana
Published: August 2022

Since the Late Cretaceous, after closure of the Neotethys ocean, tectonic processes in the central Balkan Peninsula were mainly controlled by the mutual interaction of the Adriatic and the Eurasian plates, and tectonic units in-between. Most of the tectonic structures that have been active during Cenozoic times were inherited from previous tectonic stages under different tectonic regimes. Tectonic activity within the Carpatho-Balkan orogen in eastern Serbia since Miocene is conditioned by the existence of the rigid Moesian promontory eastern of the research area, which limited thrusting of the Carpatho-Balkan units. Rather than that, further compression and complex rotations around the Moesian promontory have been accommodated by the formation of the large strike-slip fault systems (e.g. Cerna-Jiu fault, Timok fault), that accommodated up to 100 km of cumulative displacement. According to earthquake focal mechanisms, faults belonging to these fault systems are still active.

In this abstract, we present results about youngest and recently active faults in the area of the Carpatho-Balkanides in eastern Serbia, based on the studies of fault kinematics, seismicity and earthquake focal mechanisms, as well as tectonic geomorphological studies in karst caves.

Results show that the research area is primarily characterized by strike-slip tectonics, which most likely results from far-field stress generated by the Adria-push mechanism. However, such stress field showed to be highly heterogeneous, where local areas of transtension and transpression have also been important in controlling the recent fault kinematics in this part of the Carpatho-Balkanides.
Climate and parameter sensitivity and induced uncertainties in carbon stock projections for European forests (using LPJ-GUESS 4.0)
Authors: Oberpriller Johannes , Herschlein Christine , Anthoni Peter , Arneth Almut , Krause Andreas , Rammig Anja , Lindeskog Mats , Olin Stefan , Hartig Florian
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Understanding uncertainties and sensitivities of projected ecosystem
dynamics under environmental change is of immense value for research and
climate change policy. Here, we analyze sensitivities (change in
model outputs per unit change in inputs) and uncertainties (changes in model
outputs scaled to uncertainty in inputs) of vegetation dynamics under
climate change, projected by a state-of-the-art dynamic vegetation model
(LPJ-GUESS v4.0) across European forests (the species Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris), considering
uncertainties of both model parameters and environmental drivers. We find that projected forest carbon fluxes are most sensitive to
photosynthesis-, water-, and mortality-related parameters, while predictive
uncertainties are dominantly induced by environmental drivers and parameters
related to water and mortality. The importance of environmental drivers for
predictive uncertainty increases with increasing temperature. Moreover, most
of the interactions of model inputs (environmental drivers and parameters)
are between environmental drivers themselves or between parameters and
environmental drivers. In conclusion, our study highlights the
importance of environmental drivers not only as contributors to predictive
uncertainty in their own right but also as modifiers of sensitivities and
thus uncertainties in other ecosystem processes. Reducing uncertainty in
mortality-related processes and accounting for environmental influence on
processes should therefore be a focus in further model development.
Bare-earth DEM Generation from ArcticDEM, and Its Use in Flood Simulation
Authors: Liu Yinxue , Bates Paul , Neal Jeffery
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In urban areas, topography data without above ground objects are typically preferred in wide-area flood simulation, but are not yet available for many locations globally. High-resolution satellite photogrammetry DEMs, like ArcticDEM, are now emerging and could prove extremely useful for global urban flood modelling, however approaches to generate bare-earth DEMs from them have not yet been fully investigated. In this paper, we test the use of two morphological filters (Simple Morphological Filter-SMRF and Progressive Morphological Filter-PMF) to remove surface artefacts from ArcticDEM using the city of Helsinki (192 km2) as a case study. The optimal filter is selected and used to generate a bare-earth version of ArcticDEM. Using a LIDAR DTM as a benchmark, the elevation error and flooding simulation performance for a pluvial event were then evaluated at 2 m and 10 m spatial resolution, respectively. The SMRF was found to be more effective at removing artefacts than PMF over a broad parameter range. For the optimal ArcticDEM-SMRF the elevation RMSE was reduced by up to 70 % over the uncorrected DEM, achieving a final value of 1.02 m. The simulated water depth error was reduced to 0.3 m, which is comparable to typical model errors using LIDAR DTM data. This paper indicates that the SMRF can be directly applied to generate a bare-earth version of ArcticDEM in urban environments, although caution should be exercised for areas with densely packed buildings or vegetation. The results imply that where LIDAR DTMs do not exist, widely available high-resolution satellite photogrammetry DEMs could be used instead.
Net community production in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from glider and buoy measurements
Authors: Hemming Michael P. , Kaiser Jan , Boutin Jacqueline , Merlivat Liliane , Heywood Karen J. , Bakker Dorothee C. E. , Lee Gareth A. , Cobas García Marcos , Antoine David , Shitashima Kiminori
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The Mediterranean Sea comprises just 0.8 % of the global oceanic surface, yet considering its size, it is regarded as a disproportionately large sink for anthropogenic carbon due to its physical and biogeochemical characteristics. An underwater glider mission was carried out in March–April 2016 close to the BOUSSOLE and DyFAMed time series moorings in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The glider deployment served as a test of a prototype ion-sensitive field-effect transistor pH sensor. Dissolved oxygen (O2) concentrations and optical backscatter were also observed by the glider and increased between 19 March and 1 April, along with pH. These changes indicated the start of a phytoplankton spring bloom, following a period of intense mixing. Concurrent measurements of CO2 fugacity and O2 concentrations at the BOUSSOLE mooring buoy showed fluctuations, in qualitative agreement with the pattern of glider measurements. Mean net community production rates (N) were estimated from glider and buoy measurements of dissolved O2 and inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations, based on their mass budgets. Glider and buoy DIC concentrations were derived from a salinity-based total alkalinity parameterisation, glider pH and buoy CO2 fugacity. The spatial coverage of glider data allowed the calculation of advective O2 and DIC fluxes. Mean N estimates for the euphotic zone between 10 March and 3 April were (-17±36) for glider O2, (44±94) for glider DIC, (17±37) for buoy O2 and (49±86) mmolm-2d-1 for buoy DIC, all indicating net metabolic balance over these 25 d. However, these 25 d were actually split into a period of net DIC increase and O2 decrease between 10 and 19 March and a period of net DIC decrease and O2 increase between 19 March and 3 April. The latter period is interpreted as the onset of the spring bloom. The regression coefficients between O2 and DIC-based N estimates were 0.25 ± 0.08 for the glider data and 0.54 ± 0.06 for the buoy, significantly lower than the canonical metabolic quotient of 1.45±0.15. This study shows the added value of co-locating a profiling glider with moored time series buoys, but also demonstrates the difficulty in estimating N, and the limitations in achievable precision.
The timing of the Svalbardian Orogeny in Svalbard: a review
Authors: Koehl Jean-Baptiste P. , Marshall John E. A. , Lopes Gilda
Published: August 2022

Abstract. In the Late Devonian to earliest Mississippian, Svalbard was affected by a
short-lived episode of deformation named the Svalbardian Orogeny. This event
resulted in intense folding and thrusting in Devonian sedimentary
successions. Deformation stopped prior to the deposition of Carboniferous to
Permian sedimentary strata of the Billefjorden and Gipsdalen groups, which
lie unconformably over folded Devonian strata. Later on, presumed
Svalbardian structures were reworked during Eurekan tectonism in the early
Cenozoic and partly eroded. At present, records of Svalbardian deformation are
only preserved in narrow N–S-trending belts in central, northern,
western, and southern Spitsbergen. Despite extensive field studies, the
timing of the Svalbardian Orogeny is poorly constrained and remains a
matter of debate in places because of conflicting ages and because of the
complex tectonic history of Svalbard. The present contribution aims at
reviewing and discussing all available age constraints for Svalbardian
tectonism, including notably palynological, paleontological, and
geochronological evidence. This has great implications for the plate
tectonic reconstructions of Arctic regions and for the tectonic history of
Svalbard. Palynological and paleontological evidence suggest that the
Mimerdalen Subgroup is upper Givetian to lower Frasnian (ca. 385–380 Ma) in
age and that the Billefjorden Group is mid-Famennian to Upper Mississippian (ca.
365–325 Ma) in age, constraining the Svalbardian event in central and
northern Spitsbergen to 383–365 Ma if it ever occurred. Palynological ages
indicate that the Adriabukta Formation in southern Spitsbergen is Middle
Mississippian and therefore cannot have been involved in the Svalbardian
event, thus suggesting that all the deformation in southern Spitsbergen is
early Cenozoic in age and that strain-partitioning processes had a major
role in localizing deformation in weaker stratigraphic units. The few
geochronological age constraints yielding Late Devonian–Mississippian ages
in Svalbard may reflect either Svalbardian contraction or extensional
processes and are therefore of no use to validate or invalidate the
occurrence of the Svalbardian event. On the contrary, the contradicting
lines of evidence used to support the occurrence of the Svalbardian event
and new regional geophysical studies suggest that Svalbard was subjected to
continuous extension from the late Silurian to early Permian times.
NEUROMARKETING
Authors: Cortes Flórez Mauricio Esteban
Published: August 2022

Qué es el Neuromarketing, cuáles son sus funciones, sus cualidades y por qué es tan importante actualmente
TENGO LAS ESTRATEGIAS, ¿PERO TAMBIÉN EL PODER DE LA MENTE?
Authors: Beltrán Delgado Alejandra
Published: August 2022

La mente humana es sumamente poderosa, todo lo que se cree, se piensa y se desea se puede alcanzar con las aptitudes y reacciones correctas.
ESPIRITROMPA 2021, UN ESPACIO PARA CONOCER LA FAUNA DE LA REGIÓN
Authors: Bernate Martinez Juan Manuel
Published: August 2022

Los últimos años nos han traído momentos de reflexión, la humanidad ha tenido que preguntarse si estamos haciendo bien o no las cosas, y la reflexión apunta a que nuestro actuar debe ir de la mano con el medio ambiente
AVALIAÇÃO DE INFORMAÇÕES NA INTERNET SOBRE DERMATITE ATÓPICA PEDIÁTRICA
Authors: Freitas Flávio , Silva Alexandre Marques da , Abad Eliane , Saintive Simone , Estefan Juliany , Vieira Mayra Stambovsky , Ferreira Dennis De Carvalho
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: avaliar conteúdos relacionados à Dermatite Atópica em crianças e adolescentes apresentados na internet. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, tipo exploratório, realizado por meio do site de buscas Google®, utilizando-se um questionário semiestruturado para a avaliação. Construiu-se um banco de dados no software Microsoft Excel 2010®. Procedeu-se, após a organização dos dados, à avaliação de cada página, com um roteiro de dez perguntas semiestruturado, com três possíveis respostas. Resultados: avaliaram-se 31 sites. Aponta-se que 29 descrevem o que é a Dermatite Atópica e 25 relatam os sintomas característicos desta doença. Registra-se, quanto ao diagnóstico, que, em 21 sites, não se esclarece a necessidade do diagnóstico clínico por parte de um profissional de saúde e, em 23 páginas, encontram-se orientações quanto ao tratamento. Acrescenta-se que 14 sites não evidenciam a autoria do conteúdo. Conclusão: alerta-se, que os usuários devem estar atentos à autenticidade das informações apresentadas neste meio, visto que informações inconsistentes podem expor o indivíduo a situações de risco. Considera-se importante, por isso, que essa busca seja realizada em fontes confiáveis e não substitua a avaliação e a conduta do profissional de saúde.
Pure state tomography with adaptive Pauli measurements
Authors: Meng Xiangrui , He Minggen , Yuan Zhensheng ,   Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, Hefei 230026, China
Published: August 2022

Quantum state tomography provides a key tool for validating and fully exploiting quantum resources. However, current protocols of pure-state informationally-complete (PS-IC) measurement settings generally involve various multi-qubit gates or complex quantum algorithms, which are not practical for large systems. In this study, we present an adaptive approach to \begin{document}$N$\end{document}-qubit pure-state tomography with Pauli measurements. First, projective measurements on each qubit in the Z-direction were implemented to determine the amplitude of each base of the target state. Then, a set of Pauli measurement settings was recursively deduced by the Z-measurement results, which can be used to determine the phase of each base. The number of required measurement settings is \begin{document}$O(N)$\end{document} for certain quantum states, including cluster and W states. Finally, we numerically verified the feasibility of our strategy by reconstructing a 1-D chain state using a neural network algorithm.
Engineering of St 60 Steel for Industrial Use with Tensile Test at PTKI Material Lab
Authors: Nasution Muslih
Published: August 2022

Steel is an indispensable material in building an industry. In this research one of the engineered steels is St 60 steel; when it is not heated, the hardness is HRc 15.65 at a temperature of 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C for 0.5 hours The steel is quenched with water (H2O) as a cooling medium and, the hardness is 77.75 HRc, 94.00 HRc and 112.73 HRc. When salt water (NaCl) is used as a cooling medium, the hardness is 45.6 HRc, 65.00 HRc and 88.50 HRc; while the media is oil cooling, the hardness is 32.25 HRc, 49.50 HRc and 75.24 HRc. When tempered at a temperature of 300oC, then dipped with H2O the hardness is 68.36 HRc, 80.11 HRc and 98.75 HRc. When dipped in NaCL the hardness is 40.60 HRc, 55.50 HRc and 79.90 HRc. Being cooled in the oil the hardness is 29.73 HRc, 43.36 HRc and 67.18 HRc. When tempered at 300°C there is a decrease in hardness of 8% to 20% as well as being tempered at 400°C. All this results in hardness decrease. Cooling with water can reach the hardness of 61.40 HRc, 75.13 HRc and 87.40 HRc and being cooled in NaCl the hardness becomes 41.60 HRc, 50.39 HRc, 68.60 HRc and with oil is 32.27 HRc, 45.36 HRc and 58.93 HRc. There is a decrease in hardness of 18% to 25%. Being tempered at 500°C, the hardness decreases, being cooled with water the hardness becomes 59.36 HRc, 65.22 HRc, 72.57 HRc. Being tempered with salt water the hardness is 55.60 HRc, 59.20 HRc, 63.90 HRc and being cooled with oil the hardness is 36.60 HRc, 40.36 HRc, 52.18 HRc. In case of price before and after tempering, a decrease in hardness is about 24%-30%. Annealing at a temperature of 800°C the hardness is 15.65 HRc.

Keywords: Hardening, Normalizing, Tempering, Annealing, Hardness, Microstructure.
Responsibility for Management of COVID-19 Medical Waste in North Sumatra Province in Civil Law Perspective
Authors: Risdawati Irsyam
Published: August 2022

Article 88 of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management which states that "Everyone whose actions, business, and/or activities use toxic waste, generates and/or manages toxic waste, and/or poses a serious threat to the environment. Life is absolutely responsible for the losses that occur without the need to prove the element of guilt. This type of research is normative legal research. Normative legal research is research that places law as a norm-building system. The system of norms in question is about principles, norms, laws and regulations, court decisions, agreements, and doctrines. Therefore, normative legal research in this study serves to answer the legal aspects in the management of medical waste for COVID-19 hospitals in North Sumatra. Based on data from the North Sumatra Province Environmental Service, there are 237 hospitals in North Sumatra Province with a total amount of toxic waste generated per year 2021 as much as 1,725,782.63 (Tons), therefore if there is environmental pollution of toxic waste it can be a civil lawsuit is filed based on the provisions of Article 88 of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management.

Keywords: [Responsibility, Medical Waste, Hospital, North Sumatra]
Women and Gender in Russia’s Great War and Revolution, 1914–22
Authors: Lindenmeyr Adele , Stockdale Melissa K.
Published: August 2022

This volume brings together scholars from Russia, Great Britain, and North America to examine women’s experiences and changing gender norms during Russia’s crisis years from the outbreak of war in 1914 to the early 1920s. Looking beyond rhetoric about women’s wartime service and ideo-logical proclamations of emancipation, the authors seek to understand how years of military com-bat, political upheaval, and social transformation affected lives and redefined concepts of citi-zenship, patriotism, and gender.
Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge and Self-Care Management on Type II Diabetes Mellitus among Alcoholic Males with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: G Nithya. , G Beulah.
Published: August 2022

The study was conducted to determine whether the structured teaching program made any significant difference in improving the level of knowledge and self-care management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus among alcoholic males with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in a selected community area at Tiruppur. A quasi-experimental pre-test, post-test control group design was used. The data were collected from 60 alcoholic males with Type II Diabetes Mellitus of which 30 were in experimental group and 30 in control group selected by using purposive sampling technique. The total duration of the study was 30 days. Structured interview schedule, Questionnaire and rating scale were used as tools for this study. The major findings of the study show that in the experimental group, mean score percentage on overall levels of knowledge before intervention was found to be 30.3%, after intervention there was a drastic improvement in the mean score to 87.68%. In control group, the mean score percentage on overall levels of knowledge before intervention was found to be 29.86% and after 30 days there was no much change in the mean score percentage (29.41%). In an experimental group, mean score percentage on overall level of self-care management before intervention was found to be 25.21%. However, after intervention there was a drastic improvement 90.38% noticed in the mean score percentage. In control group, the mean score percentage on overall level of self- care management before intervention was found to be 24.33% and after intervention there was no much change in the mean score percentage 23.66%.
A Study to assess the level of knowledge regarding Umbilical cord blood stem cell banking among antenatal mothers in selected hospital, Dehradun
Authors: Sonam Tomar , Parveen Khatoon , Rehnuma Malik , Aradhna Issachar , Payal Rana , Pradeep Ram , Andrew Hansda
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Blood left in the umbilical cord and placenta after birth is known as umbilical cord blood stem cell. Umbilical cord blood is taken from the umbilical vein after the birth when cord is cut and clamped. Umbilical cord blood is stored in both private and public cord banks. Umbilical cord blood can be stored for up to 25-75 years. It is collected through a non-invasive procedure after the birth of the child. This procedure is safe and doesn’t harm the mother and her baby. Objectives /Aims: To assess the level of knowledge among antenatal mothers regarding umbilical cord blood stem cell banking and to find the significant association of knowledge and their demographic variables. Method: The research approach for present study is quantitative approach aimed to assess the knowledge regarding the umbilical cord blood stem cell banking among antenatal mothers. The research design used for this study is descriptive design. The study was conducted in selected hospital at Dehradun. The sample size for this study are 90 antenatal mothers. Convenient sampling technique are used for this study. Self- structured questionnaire method are used for data collection. Result: The present study finding revealed that the majority of the antenatal mothers (64.4%) had poor knowledge, (35.5%) had average knowledge and remaining (0%) had good knowledge. The study result revealed that there was statistically significant association between the level of knowledge with their demographic variables. Conclusion: The purpose of the present study was to find out the knowledge regarding the umbilical cord blood stem cell banking among antenatal mothers in selected hospital of Dehradun. Majority of the antenatal mothers had less knowledge regarding umbilical cord blood stem cell banking and there is need to improve it with the help of health education programme.
Effectiveness of Play Way Method of Teaching on Dental Hygiene among School Children at a selected School, in Hyderabad, Telangana
Authors: Mary S. Thilaga , Chandrakala V.
Published: August 2022

Dental hygiene, also known as oral hygiene, is the process by which preventative dental care is provided to avoid dental emergencies. Despite remarkable reduction in the prevalence of dental caries in developed countries, dental caries is still a highly prevalent disease among children in developing countries. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental caries and to assess the Effectiveness of Play Way Method of Teaching on Dental Hygiene among School Children. A school-based prevalence assessment of dental caries was done among 657, nine to twelve years old students studying in 4th to 7th class in a selected school. Modified DMFT [Decayed, Modified, Filled Teeth] indices check list (WHO criteria-1997) was used to collect relevant data. A Quasi-experimental study one group pre-test post-test design was chosen for this study. The study was carried out among 60 School Children Studying at St. Arnold’s High School, R.C.Puram, Hyderabad, Telangana. Samples were selected by proportionate stratified random sampling technique. Structured Knowledge Questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge on dental hygiene. The study adopted Ludwig Von Bertalanffy’s General System model. The study revealed that the mean percentage between pre-test and post-test 1 was 41.46% and post-test 1 and post-test 2 was 5.7%. The overall mean improvement percentage between pre-test and post-test 2 was 47.19%. The calculated paired ‘t’ value t = 14.734, t = 19.370 and t = 4.119 between pretest, post-test 1 and post-test 2 was found to be statistically highly significant at p, 0.001 level respectively. The calculated repeated measures ANOVA of F = 252.216 was found to be statistically highly significant at p<0.001. The intervention of Play Way method of Teaching on Dental Hygiene imparted to School Children was found to be Effective to improve the level of Knowledge among School Children on Dental Hygiene.
A Study to assess the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Program on level of knowledge regarding Menstrual Stem Cell Banking among student nurses at selected nursing colleges, Haridwar, Uttarakhand
Authors: Barthwal Madhu , Chauhan Ruchi , Wiliams Anjana
Published: August 2022

Background of the study: Till date women have been disposing menstrual blood as an unhygienic waste, but many research proved that menstrual blood is a rich source of stem cells which have the ability to multiply and differentiate into various cells. Earlier blood from umbilical cord considered as the reservoir for stem cells for them who have given birth at any time of their life were able to conserve the stem cells which were found from umbilical cord. But now researchers investigated and collected stem cells from menstrual blood it giving opportunity to those women who have not given birth for preserving stem cells for themselves. Aim: The aim of the study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on level of knowledge regarding menstrual stem cell banking among student nurses, at selected nursing colleges, Haridwar, Uttarakhand. Methods: Present study is an carried out 60 student nurses by the an quantitative approach with a pre-experimental, one group pre-test – post-test design was used for the study to accomplish the objectives..Samples were chosen by convenient sampling technique. Socio demographic profile was used to assess the personal information of the samples and self structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge of student nurses regarding menstrual stem cell banking. Results: The study showed that in pre test majority of participants 33(55%) had average knowledge, Inpost test Majority of participants 36(60%) had very good level of knowledge. On comparing mean post test knowledge score was more than mean pre test knowledge score which was calculated by ‘Z’ test (19.21) at p <0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: This study shown that planned teaching programme was effective to enhance the knowledge of student nurses regarding menstrual stem cell banking.
New refinements of the Jensen-Mercer inequality associated to positive $n$-tuples
Authors: Adil Khan Muhammad , Pečarić Josip
Published: August 2022

In this manuscript, we propose new refinements for the Jensen-Mercer as well as variant of the Jensen-Mercer inequalities associated to certain positive tuples. We give some related integral version and present applications for different means. At the end, further generalizations are given which are associated to $m$ finite sequences.