bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solutes in sap obtained from supercritical CO2 dewatering of radiata pine sapwood, and a new role of sap cyclitols in brown stain formation during kiln drying of green wood
Authors: Franich Robert A. , Kroese Hank , Gallagher Suzanne , Steward Diane , Isak Ilena
Published: June 2019

Xylem sap obtained from radiata pine sapwood using a supercritical CO2 (scCO2) dewatering process contained a complex mixture of solutes comprising carbohydrates, amino acids, alkanoic and diterpene acids, neutral diterpenoids, β-sitosterol and cyclitols. Sap also contained free phosphoric acid which is known to catalyse the condensation reactions between glutamic and aspartic amino acids and glucose, galactose and fructose to form Maillard products. When heated these Maillard products lead to the formation of melanoidins, which are partly responsible for the formation of kiln brown stain (KBS) when green radiata pine sapwood is kiln dried. The cyclitols, which are major components in sap, have been shown to undergo phosphoric acid-catalysed dehydration reactions under kiln drying conditions to give methoxyl derivatives of hydroquinone, catechol, resorcinol and O-methylphloroglucinol. These reactive phenols are known to exothermally condense with formaldehyde and could also react with other short carbon chain aldehydes generated during kiln drying. The products of these chemical reactions are extended π-orbital aromatic polymers which are darkly-coloured and would be expected to contribute to KBS. This paper describes the chemistry of sap from radiata pine sapwood using scCO2 dewatering and proposes new theory on KBS formation invoking thermal dehydration and retro Diels-Alder chemical reactions of the sap cyclitols.
Racism in recent Greek migrant jokes
Authors: Archakis Argiris , Tsakona Villy
Published: June 2019

One of Davies’ significant contributions to the sociology of humor involves the exploration of the relation between jokes and the social order. He particularly argues that jokes seem to work like a “thermometer” conveying truths for the sociopolitical system. In our study, we aim to analyze jokes related to the migration crisis and circulated online since 2014 following Davies’ methodological guidelines. During the past few years, the number of migrants arriving at Greek shores has significantly increased. The prospect of Greece becoming a permanent base for these people has evoked diverse reactions. Migrant jokes seem to be part of Greek majority’s response to the migration ‘threat’ against national sovereignty and linguocultural homogeneity. They (re)produce and perpetuate xenophobia and racism by portraying migrants as ‘dangerous invaders’ in the Greek territory and as ‘culturally inferior’ people. Hence, such jokes align with dominant values and standpoints circulating in the Greek public sphere via underscoring the inequality between the Greek majority and migrants and via naturalizing the latter’s assimilation to majority norms and values.
Rapid and Non-Destructive Detection of Water-Injected Pork Using Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF-NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Authors: Gai Shengmei , Zhang Zhonghui , Zou Yufeng , Liu Dengyong
Published: June 2019

The challenges of food adulteration such as illegal production of water-injected meat remain serious in many areas of the world. This study investigated the feasibility of using LF-NMR and MRI to identify water-injected pork. Longissimus dorsi muscles were injected with 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 % content of deionized water, respectively. The CPMG decay curves of water-injected pork decayed slower than that of the normal. The peak area proportion of immobilized water of water-injected pork decreased while relaxation time and peak area proportion of free water increased significantly (p < 0.05). The first two principal components (PCs) of PCA accounted for 54.54 % and 32.06 % of the observed variance, respectively. Based on the two PCs, the water-injected pork could be differentiated from the normal. Furthermore, the accumulation location of the injected-water in pork could be visualized by MRI. Therefore, LF-NMR combined with MRI offers an effective method for the detection of water-injected pork.
Crystal structure of diaqua-bis(1,10-phenanthroline κ2
N,N′)nickel(II) trifluoroacetate- trifluoroacetic acid (1/1), C30H21F9N4NiO8
Authors: Zhang Lan , Wang Qiang , Ding Wu-Xiu , Hao Hui-Min
Published: June 2019

C30H21F9N4NiO8, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 13), a = 10.0630(11) Å, b = 9.625(1) Å, c = 18.196(2) Å, β = 116.10(3)°, V = 1582.7(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0511, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1261, T = 293(2) K.
Proficiency testing as a tool to assess quality of data: the experience of the EU Reference Laboratory for chemical elements in food of animal origin
Authors: Sorbo Angela , Ciprotti Maria , Colabucci Andrea , D’Amato Marilena , Di Gregorio Marco , Luswergh G. Fornari , Turco Anna C. , Ciaralli Laura
Published: June 2019

Quality and reliability of analytical results are, in general, key issues for all laboratories but become a top priority for laboratories accredited according to ISO/IEC 17025:2005. In this international standard the proficiency testing (PT) is regarded as a means to assure the validity of results. Nowadays, the proved competence of laboratories is an essential requirement especially for that structures that are involved in the official controls aimed at ensuring the safety of EU food products and the public health. To guarantee the EU consumers, the Council and the Commission have designated 28 European Union Reference Laboratories (EURLs) for food and feed, whose main role is to contribute to the standardization of analytical methods and to the harmonization of performance among the EU National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) to reach a comparable level of quality in the analytical data among all Member States. With this aim, the organization of PTs is a task that each EURL has to accomplish. Over the last 15 years, the EURL for chemical elements in food of animal origin (EURL-CEFAO) have organized 32 PTs on determination of total As, Cd, Pb and total Hg in meat, milk, fish and offal for the benefit of its network of NRLs. Some specific aspects of this activity will be discussed (e.g. preparation and characterization of PT materials, statistical evaluation of data, follow-up actions). Finally, based on the EURL-CEFAO experience, it will be demonstrated that the participation into PTs on a regular basis can result in an improvement of the laboratory’s performance as well as in the harmonization of the results submitted by participants.
The Supply Network and Price Dispersion in the Canadian Gasoline Market
Authors: Malloy Brandon
Published: June 2019

This paper examines the impact of variation in transportation options – what I denote the “supply network” – on observed price differences between locations for a specific good, retail gasoline. I use a unique data set of weekly gasoline prices across 44 Canadian cities to analyze how the existence of variation in the available modes of transportation for gasoline between cities (via pipeline, marine tanker, rail or truck) accounts for observed price differences across locations. I find that the supply network is significant – cities connected by lower cost-per-unit methods like pipelines or seaports exhibit smaller mean- and weekly-price differences than those connected only by road or rail, after controlling for distance, regional effects and market size. A pipeline connection results in a reduction in weekly price dispersion equivalent to a 53% reduction in distance between cities, while a maritime connection has the equivalent effect of a 38% reduction in distance between cities.
Deep-learned faces of pain and emotions: Elucidating the differences of facial expressions with the help of explainable AI methods
Authors: Weitz Katharina , Hassan Teena , Schmid Ute , Garbas Jens-Uwe
Published: June 2019

Deep neural networks are successfully used for object and face recognition in images and videos. In order to be able to apply such networks in practice, for example in hospitals as a pain recognition tool, the current procedures are only suitable to a limited extent. The advantage of deep neural methods is that they can learn complex non-linear relationships between raw data and target classes without limiting themselves to a set of hand-crafted features provided by humans. However, the disadvantage is that due to the complexity of these networks, it is not possible to interpret the knowledge that is stored inside the network. It is a black-box learning procedure. Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) approaches mitigate this problem by extracting explanations for decisions and representing them in a human-interpretable form. The aim of this paper is to investigate the explainable AI methods Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) and Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME). These approaches are applied to explain how a deep neural network distinguishes facial expressions of pain from facial expressions of emotions such as happiness and disgust.
Detecting the Flow Pattern Transition in the Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Using Multivariate Multi-Scale Entropy Analysis
Authors: Liu Yudong , Wang Dayang , Ren Yingyu , Jin Ningde
Published: June 2019

Due to the complex flow structure and non-uniform phase distribution in the vertical upward gas-liquid two-phase flow, an eight-electrode rotating electric field conductance sensor is used to obtain multi-channel conductance signals. The flow patterns of the vertical upward gas-liquid two-phase flow are classified according to the images obtained from a high-speed camera. Then, we employ the multivariate weighted multi-scale permutation entropy (MWMPE) to detect the instability of flow pattern transition in the gas-liquid two-phase flow. Afterwards, we compare the results of the MWMPE with those of the single-channel weighted multi-scale permutation entropy (SCWMPE) and multivariate multi-scale sample entropy (MMSE). The comparison results indicate that, compared with the SCWMPE and MMSE, the MWMPE has superior performance in terms of the high-resolution presentation of flow instability in the gas-liquid two-phase flow. Finally, we extract the mean value of the MWMPE in whole scales and the entropy rate of the MWMPE in the small scales. The results indicate that the normalized mean value and normalized entropy rate of MWMPE are very sensitive to the transitions of flow patterns, thus allowing the detection of the instability of flow pattern transition.
Metallurgical Processing Strategies for Metals Recovery from Industrial Slags
Authors: Habib Aqsa , Bhatti Haq Nawaz , Iqbal Munawar
Published: June 2019

Slag produced as a byproduct in industrial processes, contains considerable metals contents, which need to be recovered to avoid environmental contamination. In present review, the types, applications, recovery of metals from slag and their hazardous effects have been discussed. Gravimetric, magnetic, floatation, pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical treatments are discussed for processing of charge chrome, steel, copper smelter, brass smelter, tin, incineration, ferrochrome and silico-manganese slags for the extraction of various metal ions (Mg, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, As, Cr, Al, Nb, Ag, Au, Nb, Ta, Cu, Co, Ni, Fe, V, Cr). The possibility of biometallurgical processing of slags is also evaluated. Merits and demerits of extraction and purification techniques are highlighted with possible suggestions and possibility of integrated leaching techniques is also discussed.
Heavy metals detoxification: A review of herbal compounds for chelation therapy in heavy metals toxicity
Authors: Mehrandish Reza , Rahimian Aliasghar , Shahriary Alireza
Published: June 2019

Some heavy metals are nutritionally essential elements playing key roles in different physiological and biological processes, like: iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, chromium, molybdenum, selenium and manganese, while some others are considered as the potentially toxic elements in high amounts or certain chemical forms. Nowadays, various usage of heavy metals in industry, agriculture, medicine and technology has led to a widespread distribution in nature raising concerns about their effects on human health and environment. Metallic ions may interact with cellular components such as DNA and nuclear proteins leading to apoptosis and carcinogenesis arising from DNA damage and structural changes. As a result, exposure to heavy metals through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact causes several health problems such as, cardiovascular diseases, neurological and neurobehavioral abnormalities, diabetes, blood abnormalities and various types of cancer. Due to extensive damage caused by heavy metal poisoning on various organs of the body, the investigation and identification of therapeutic methods for poisoning with heavy metals is very important. The most common method for the removal of heavy metals from the body is administration of chemical chelators. Recently, medicinal herbs have attracted the attention of researchers as the potential treatments for the heavy metals poisoning because of their fewer side effects. In the present study, we review the potential of medicinal herbs such as: Allium sativum (garlic), Silybum marianum (milk thistle), Coriandrum sativum (cilantro), Ginkgo biloba (gingko), Curcuma longa (turmeric), phytochelatins, triphala, herbal fibers and Chlorophyta (green algae) to treat heavy metal poisoning.
Variation in yield and biochemical factors of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) under foliar application of osmolytes and drought stress conditions
Authors: Masoudi Sadaghiani Farhad , Amini Dehaghi Majid , Pirzad Alireza , Fotokian Mohammad Hossein
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Chamomile is one of the oldest and most valuable medicinal plants from the Asteraceae family. In addition to pharmaceutical uses, its essential oil is extensively used in perfumery, cosmetics, food industry and aromatherapy. This experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of osmolytes foliar application on biochemical characteristics, and the yield of German chamomile under drought stress conditions. Methods: The experiment was conducted as a split plot with randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2016-2017 growing season. Three levels of irrigation, 50 (control), 100 (mild stress) and 150 mm (severe stress) evaporation from evaporation pan class A, and spraying treatments, NS (no-spraying), W (distilled water), MeJA (methyl jasmonate), SA (salicylic acid), HA (humic acid), GB (glycine betaine) and GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) were considered as the main plots and sub-plots, respectively. Results: Analyzed data indicated that proline, total soluble sugars (TSS), and essential oil yield were enhanced with the increase of drought intensity and the maximum amount was registered under severe stress, while the severe drought caused a substantial reduction in protein concentration of leaves and dried flower yield. Proline concentration of leaves significantly increased with exogenously applied spraying treatments under severe drought. All spraying treatments except GB under severe stress, caused higher TSS concentration than those subjected to mild stress. SA, HA, and GABA treated plants had significantly higher protein concentration compared to NS treatment. Plants that treated with GABA had the highest dried flower and essential oil yield. Conclusion: The present study suggests that osmolytes foliar application can ameliorate the detrimental effects of drought on chamomile plant through alteration in yield and biochemical variables.
Effect of a hydro-alcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis on passive avoidance learning and memory
Authors: Dehbani Zahra , Komaki Alireza , Etaee Farshid , Shahidi Siamak , Taheri Masoumeh , Komaki Somayeh , Faraji Nafiseh
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Melissa officinalis (MO) or lemon balm is traditionally used as a sedative and anti-spasm herbal medicine. There is also evidence that this plant has effects on learning and memory. This study examined the effect of a hydro-alcoholic extract of MO on passive avoidance learning (PAL) and memory in male rats. Methods: A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into four groups (200 to 220 g; n = 10 per group); three dose groups (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of the hydro-alcoholic extract of MO) and vehicle control (saline) group. Saline or doses of extract were administered daily for 14 days by oral gavage. The rats were trained to enter the shuttle box to record their behavior in the PAL task. A retrieval test was performed 24 hours following training. Results: A significant difference was seen in performance among MO groups and the control. MO administered animals had a decreased number of acquisition trials (P < 0.05). In the retention task, MO administered animals had an increased step-through latency (SLT) (P < 0.01), and a decreased latency in the dark compartment (P < 0.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of the study show that MO can improve learning and memory in the PAL task. Further investigation is needed to enhance our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of the MO extract and its effects on learning and memory.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of ointment based on dense ginger extract (Zingiber officinale)
Authors: Kravchenko Iryna , Eberle Lidiya , Nesterkina Mariia , Kobernik Alona
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae family) is traditionally used in alternative medicine to reduce pain from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Ginger is also often applied for stomach and chest pain, toothaches and as anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this study is to investigate analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Z. officinale dense extract after its transdermal delivery using allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) induced model with further discussion of possible action mechanism of ginger phytoconstituents. Methods: Inflammation was induced by subplantar injection to the plantar fasciitis (aponeurosis) of the hind limb of rats using 30 µL AITC solution (100 µg/limb) in 1,2-propyleneglycol. The dynamics of changes of inflammatory process was evaluated before addition of the inflammation inducer and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 24 hours of its injection for measuring the volume and the thickness of affected limb. Analgesic activity of ointments with ginger extract was examined using the model of AITC-induced pain. Results: The most effective inhibition of the development of inflammation process was 0.025% ointment with ginger extract, and the highest anti-nociceptive effect was observed at the application of 0.05% ointment 10 minutes before pain inducer agent. Conclusion: Zingiber officinale dense extract was revealed to possess significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions after its transdermal delivery. Since the pharmacological effects of ginger extract have been investigated on AITC-induced model, we may suggest the vital role of phytoconstituents binding to TRPA1 and TRPV1 ion channels as possible mechanism of action.
Genotoxic potential of selected medicinal plant extracts in human whole blood cultures
Authors: Harutyunyan Karina , Balayan Karine , Tadevosyan Gohar , Hayrapetyan Manush , Musayelyan Ruzanna , Grigoryan Ruzanna , Khondkaryan Lusine , Sarkisyan Natalya , Babayan Nelly
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Many plant-derived products despite wide usage are not scientifically evaluated for their safety and efﬁcacy. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of Polygonum aviculare L., Equisetum arvense L., Plantago lanceolata L. and Artemisia absinthium L. ethanolic extracts in human white blood cells. Methods: Cell viability was assayed by trypan blue exclusion method, while the genotoxicity was tested by cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay upon cells stimulation with noncytotoxic concentrations of the plant extracts. Results: None of the plant extracts showed high cytotoxic activity. At the same time, only extract of P. lanceolata did not present any mutagenic activity, while E. arvense, P. aviculare and A. absinthium were clearly genotoxic. Conclusion: Caution is advice in the case of long-term use of E. arvense, P. aviculare and A. absinthium herbal medicines by population.
Parathyroid hormone or fibroblast growth factor 23? Which one is the main determinant of the hypophosphatemia after kidney transplantation?
Authors: Rasi Hashemi Seyed Sadroddin , Navarbaf Zahra , Ghorbanihaghjo Amir , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Etemadi Jalal , Abediazar Sima
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Kidney transplantation restores many of the disorders accompanying endstage renal disease (ESRD). However, hypophosphatemia is common complication after renal transplantation. High levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are two suspected factors determining the hypophosphatemia after kidney transplantation. Objectives: This observational prospective study was carried out to clarify the role of mentioned factors in hypophosphatemia after kidney transplantation. Patients and Methods: Living donor kidney transplant recipients which admitted to the ward of the renal transplantation, enrolled to the study. Parameters of bone and mineral metabolism including FGF23 and intact PTH levels were assessed. Results: High FGF23 level before transplantation was related to lower phosphate levels at 3rd month after transplantation. PTH levels showed no relationship with hypophosphatemia after kidney transplantation. Conclusion: High levels of FGF23 in ESRD patients undergoing kidney transplantation is an important determinant of hypophosphatemia in long-term follow up.
Situational Determinants of Hand-Proximity Effects
Authors: Thomas Tony , Sunny Meera Mary
Published: June 2019

Recent studies have demonstrated altered visual processing of stimuli in the proximal region of the hand. It has been challenging to characterize the range and nature of these processing differences. In our attempt to deconstruct the factors giving rise to the Hand-Proximity Effects (HPEs), we manipulated the organization of items in a visual search display. In two experiments, we observed the absence of HPE. Specifically, in Experiment 1, we presented the search display in only one half of the monitor (split diagonally), which could be either near or far from the hand placed on the corner of the monitor. The results of a Bayesian analysis showed that the search efficiency was not significantly different for neither ‘near’ nor ‘far’ condition when compared with the baseline condition in which the hand rested on the lap. In Experiment 2, the search display was arranged horizontally across the monitor. A Bayesian analysis showed that RTs did not vary depending on the proximity of the target to the hand as well as the baseline (lap) condition. The present results characterize features of the HPE that have not been reported previously and are in line with recent reports of the failure to replicate HPE under various circumstances.
Tendencias teóricas de dos propuestas de pedagogía de la memoria en la educación superior colombiana
Authors: Siciliani Barraza José María , Barrios Tao Hernando
Published: June 2019

Este artículo de reflexión estudia dos modelos de enseñanza universitaria de pedagogía de la memoria en Colombia: uno desarrollado en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional (Bogotá) y otro implementado en la Universidad De La Salle (Bogotá). Con base en los soportes bibliográficos publicados en cada universidad, el artículo observa cuidadosamente las dos propuestas. De forma precisa, se identifican los contextos académico-universitarios; luego las filiaciones teóricas de base y sus conceptos centrales. El artículo muestra una constante fundamental, propia del horizonte anamnético-narrativo en educación: gracias al uso de la memoria y la narración, la educación universitaria abre una vía pedagógica capaz de integrar críticamente la formación universitaria y la realidad social, la lectura académica de la realidad y la experiencia vital de los estudiantes, con el fin de promover la construcción de la convivencia ciudadana en Colombia.
Representaciones y narraciones formativas de la alteridad. La subjetividad política como escenario de relación y conflicto.
Authors: Parra Herrera Edisson Leonardo
Published: June 2019

este artículo responde a la demanda de pensar la noción de sujeto y de política más allá de los marcos de la racionalidad moderna. Para ello plantea la idea de lo relacional conflictivo como condición de posibilidad de la existencia humana y sobre esta base se define a la subjetividad política como escenario de construcción de/con la otredad en el campo de las representaciones y del poder. En un primer momento, se da un rodeo por algunos rasgos de la modernidad y de su idea de sujeto, para postular que en la metafísica occidental lo político era impensable y mostrar como la crisis de la hegemonía moderna da lugar a la idea de intersubjetividad y de un pensar político más amplio. A partir de allí, en un segundo momento se ve cómo es posible entender ahora históricamente el nacimiento de la subjetividad, en este caso, en la ambivalencia entre el poder y la potencia, postulando por tanto, la posibilidad de transfiguración del sujeto. En tercera medida explora el campo de las representaciones de la experiencia y de las dinámicas de la alteridad en relación con las consecuencias de la idea monolítica del sujeto moderno y la implantación del capitalismo. Principalmente la perdida de la experiencia, de la capacidad comunicativa y de la otredad. Finalmente, abre la pregunta de hasta qué punto narrarse individual y colectivamente en espacios educativos permite la formación de las subjetividades políticas, recuperar la experiencia y el reconocimiento de la alteridad sin desvirtuar la necesidad del conflicto.
Molecular Dissection of Quantitative Variation in Bermudagrass Hybrids (Cynodon dactylonxtransvaalensis): Morphological Traits
Authors: Khanal Sameer , Dunne Jeffrey C , Schwartz Brian M , Kim Changsoo , Milla-Lewis Susana , Raymer Paul L , Hanna Wayne W , Adhikari Jeevan , Auckland Susan A , Rainville Lisa , Paterson Andrew H
Published: June 2019

Bermudagrass (Cynodon (L.)) is the most important warm-season grass grown for forage or turf. It shows extensive variation in morphological characteristics and growth attributes, but the genetic basis of this variation is little understood. Detection and tagging of quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting above-ground morphology with diagnostic DNA markers would provide a foundation for genetic and molecular breeding applications in bermudagrass. Here, we report early findings regarding genetic architecture of foliage (canopy height, HT), stolon (stolon internode length, ILEN and length of the longest stolon LLS), and leaf traits (leaf blade length, LLEN and leaf blade width, LW) in 110 F1 individuals derived from a cross between Cynodon dactylon (T89) and C. transvaalensis (T574). Separate and joint environment analyses were performed on trait data collected across two to five environments (locations, and/or years, or time), finding significant differences (P < 0.001) among the hybrid progeny for all traits. Analysis of marker-trait associations detected 74 QTL and 135 epistatic interactions. Composite interval mapping (CIM) and mixed-model CIM (MCIM) identified 32 main effect QTL (M-QTL) and 13 interacting QTL (int-QTL). Colocalization of QTL for plant morphology partially explained significant correlations among traits. M-QTL qILEN-3-2 (for ILEN; R2 = 11–19%), qLLS-7-1 (for LLS; R2 = 13–27%), qLEN-1-1 (for LLEN; R2 = 10–11%), and qLW-3-2 (for LW; R2 = 10–12%) were ‘stable’ across multiple environments, representing candidates for fine mapping and applied breeding applications. QTL correspondence between bermudagrass and divergent grass lineages suggests opportunities to accelerate progress by predictive breeding of bermudagrass.
Nachfragesteuerung im Online-Lebensmittelhandel
Authors: Klein Robert , Mackert Jochen , Steinhardt Claudius
Published: June 2019

Der Online-Lebensmittelhandel ist ein innovatives Geschäftsmodell, das sich durch geringe Margen und einen kostenintensiven Lieferservice auszeichnet. Daher sind effiziente Lieferpläne für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit entscheidend. In Literatur und Praxis werden vier Mechanismen zur Nachfragesteuerung unterschieden, um Einfluss auf das vom Kunden gewählte Belieferungszeitfenster zu nehmen und dadurch möglichst gewinnmaximale Lieferpläne zu generieren. Dieser Beitrag stellt diese Mechanismen vor und geht auf wesentliche Aspekte bei der Umsetzung ein.
Ērika Sausverde and her Scandinavian Rings
Authors: Steponavičiūtė - Aleksiejūnienė Ieva , Vaicekauskienė Loreta
Published: June 2019

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Driving Forces behind Language Change. Does Danish Theory Hold up in Lithuania?
Authors: Vaicekauskienė Loreta
Published: June 2019

The paper presents a large-scale investigation of attitudes towards standard and dialectal speech varieties in Lithuania. It aimed at, firstly, obtaining comparable data on assessments of speech variation under two methodologically different conditions: ‘unaware condition’ (the participants being unaware of the linguistic goals of the research) and ‘aware condition’. Secondly, it aimed at testing whether the two layers of consciousness yield two different systems of social values and how the evaluations accord with changes in language usage. The theory was developed by Danish scholars whose numerous experimental studies proved the driving force role of subconscious attitudes. The investigation closely followed the Danish methodology and was carried out in 23 secondary schools in 7 regions and the capital city of Lithuania, covering almost 1.5 thousand pupils in total. The regularity of the findings, i.e. the overall tendency to overtly valorise local dialects but subconsciously to downgrade dialect accented voices, confirmed that language awareness affects assignment of values to language and must be regarded as an important explanatory factor for the scenarios of language change.
Den kultur- och litteraturhistoriska gestalten i den lettiska novellen “Svētā Briģita” (“Heliga Birgitta”) av Jānis Ezeriņš
Authors: Orehovs Ivars
Published: June 2019

Cultural-historical and literary gestalt in the Latvian short story “Saint Birgitta” (“Heliga Birgitta”) by Jānis EzeriņšThe Latvian author Jānis Ezeriņš’s (1891–1924) literary heritage includes, among other texts, the collection of short stories Fantastiska novele un citas (Fantastic short story and others, 1923). The collection contains the short story “Svētā Briģita” (“Saint Birgitta”), in which the author has used the image of a saint, which is very well known in the history of culture, literature and religion. The image can be related both to Celtic mythology and the historical Swedish personality, who had been the founder of Vadstena monastery and a literary author herself (approx. 1303–1373). The aim of the article is to explore the function of the image in the prose text by the Latvian author Ezeriņš and its connections with the cultural and historical personality of St. Birgitta. It is not typical of Ezeriņš’s writings to make such an explicit and direct association with this kind of legendary phenomena, therefore the inclusion of the text in the collection may suggest a connection between St. Birgitta’s individual destiny and enduring human values. This writer’s choice can also be seen as his own claim to international recognition.
Simulation of Mechanical Behavior of Fuel Pellets With Different Geometries
Authors: Aguiar Amanda Abati , Faria Danilo , Berretta José , Rodi Paulo Afonso , Santos Marcelo , Silva Antônio Teixeira e
Published: June 2019

Typical Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR) fuel rods are manufactured using zirconium-based alloys as cladding and slightly enriched UO2 sintered pellets as fuel. However, in the last years efforts have been made to develop Accident Tolerant Fuels (ATF) focusing mainly in new materials to replace the cladding in order to avoid the exothermic reaction with steam experienced by zirconium-based alloys under accident conditions as observed during the Fukushima Daiichi accident. In this sense, iron-based alloys appear as a possibility to replace conventional zirconium-based alloys, and the effect of the pellet geometry in the performance of iron-based alloys fuel rods shall be investigated. The fuel pellet geometry experiences changes due to irradiation can promote early gap closure, mechanical loadings to the cladding and/or bamboo effects due to the combination of loads and irradiation creep, and all these effects depend also on the cladding properties. The objective of this paper was to address the influence of geometric parameters in the fuel pellet behavior of a stainless steel fuel rod by means of structural mechanical analysis using the well-known ANSYS software. The parameters evaluated in this paper considered fuel pellet with and without chamfer and dish. The data related to the fuel pellet performance under irradiation were obtained using a modified version of the FRAPCON code considering stainless steel as cladding. Results obtained from mechanical evaluation considering the effects through the responses of the axial, radial, plastic deformations, and resulting tensions were evaluated.
Release of alpha emitters into the environment by nuclear industries of Brazil in Resende
Authors: Pereira Wagner Souza , Kelecom Alphonse , Santos Rodney , Santos Maysa Fernades Martins , Torres Vinicius Romero Mozer , Rodrigues Jessica Julielle da Silva , Salgado César Marques , Valadão Izabella Christynne Ribeiro Pinto
Published: June 2019

During its operation, the Nuclear Fuel Factory of the Nuclear Industries of Brazil (FCN/INB) may generate and disseminate particulate material. Therefor, aiming occupational control, a system of air exhaustion is installed equipped witha system of automatic detection of release of radionuclides into the environment. The present work aims to evaluate the radionuclides released by FCN, in terms of total release and activity concentration (AC). Along 2016, the amount of 4.14∙106 Bq was released, which means a mean of 3.45∙105 Bq.month-1. The largest mean for AC was 4.03 mBq∙m-3. The release data was almost an order of magnitude lower than the annual release limit established by the regulatoryagency, fixed at 1.2∙107 Bq.y-1, proving the adequacy of the atmospheric effluents to the licensing requirements. The largest magnitudes of the two variables (AC and release) were observed in August while the smallest ones, in January.
DOSE RATE IN A DEACTIVATED URANIUM MINE
Authors: Pereira Wagner De Souza , Kelecom Alphonse , Da Silva Ademir Xavier , Lopes José Marquez , Do Carmo Alessander Sá , Dias Ayandra Oliveira , Pinto Carlos Eduardo Cogo
Published: June 2019

The Ore Treatment Unit is a deactivated uranium mine and milling situated in Caldas, MG, BR. Although disabled, there are still areas considered controlled and supervised from the radiological point of view. In these areas, it is necessary to keep an occupational monitoring program to ensure the workers' safety and to prevent the dispersion of radioactive material. For area monitoring, the dose rate, in µSv∙h-1, was measured with Geiger Müller (GM) area monitors or personal electronic monitors type GM and thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD), in mSv∙month-1, along the years 2013 to 2016. For area monitoring, 577 samples were recorded; for personal dosimeters monitoring, 2,656; and for TLD monitoring type, 5,657. The area monitoring showed a mean dose rate of 6.42 µSv∙h-1 associated to a standard deviation of 48 µSv∙h-1 with a maximum recorded value of 685 µSv∙h-1. 96 % of the samples were below the derived limit per hour for workers (10 µSv∙h-1). For the personal electronic monitoring, the average of the data sampled was 15.86 µSv∙h-1, associated to a standard deviation of 61.74 µSv∙h-1. 80 % of the samples were below the derived limit and the maximum recorded was 1,220 µSv∙h-1. Finally, the TLD showed a mean of 0.01 mSv∙h-1 (TLD detection limit is 0.2 mSv∙month-1 equivalent to 0.28 µSv∙h-1), associated to a standard deviation of 0.08 mSv∙h-1. 98% of the registered values were below 0.2 mSv∙month-1 and less than 2 % of the measurements had values above the limit of detection. The samples show areas with low risk of external exposure, as can be seen by the TLD evaluation. Specific areas with greater risk of contamination have already been identified, as well as operations at higher risks. In these cases, the use of the individual electronic dosimeter is justified for a more effective monitoring. Radioprotection identified all risks and was able to extend individual electronic monitoring to all risk operations, even with the use of the TLD.
Experimental Estimation of Moderator Temperature Coefficient of the IPEN-MB-01 Reactor
Authors: Da Silva Rubens Cavalcante
Published: June 2019

The aim of this article is to present the procedure for the experimental estimation of the Moderator Temperature Coefficient of Reactivity of the IPEN/MB-01 Research Reactor, a parameter that has an important role in the physics and the control operations of any reactor facility. At the experiment, the IPEN/MB-01 reactor went critical at the power of 1W (1% of its total power), and whose core configuration was 28x26 rectangular array of UO2 fuel rods, inside a light water (moderator) tank. In addition, there was a heavy water (D2O) reflector installed in the West side of the core to obtain an adequate neutron reflection along the experiment. The moderator temperature was increased in steps of 4oC, and the measurement of the mean moderator temperature was acquired using twelve calibrated thermocouples, placed around the reactor core. As a result, the mean value of -4.81 pcm/°C was obtained for such coefficient. The curves of ρ(T) (Reactivity x Temperature) and  (Moderator Temperature Coefficient of Reactivity x Temperature) were developed using data from an experimental measurement of the integral reactivity curves through the Stable Period and Inverse Kinetics Methods, that was carried out at the reactor with the same core configuration. Such curves were compared and showed a very similar behavior between them.
Energy and Exergy Analyses of Angra 2 Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Marques João G. O. , Costa Antonella Lombardi , Pereira Claubia , Fortini Ângela
Published: June 2019

Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) based on Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs) technology are considered an alternative to fossil fuels plants due to their reliability with low operational cost and low CO2 emissions. An example of PWR plant is Angra 2 built in Brazil. This NPP has a nominal electric power output of 1300 MW and made it possible for the country save its water resources during electricity generation from hydraulic plants, and improved Brazilian knowledge and technology in nuclear research area. Despite all these benefits, PWR plants generally have a relatively low thermal efficiency combined with a large amount of irreversibility generation or exergy destruction in their components, reducing their capacity to produce work. Because of that, it is important to assess such systems to understand how each component impacts on system efficiency. Based on that, the aim of this work is to evaluate Angra 2 by performing energy and exergy analyses to quantify the thermodynamic performance of this PWR plant and its components. The methodology consists in the development of a mathematical model in EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software based on thermodynamic states in addition to energy and exergy balance equations. According to the results, Angra 2 has energy efficiency of 36.18% and exergy efficiency of 49.24%. Reactor core is the most inefficient device in the NPP; it has exergy efficiency of 67.16% and is responsible for 63.88% of all exergy destroyed in Angra 2.
TRISO fuel thermal simulations in the LS-VHTR
Authors: Ramos Mario C. , Scari Maria E. , Costa Antonella Lombardi , Pereira Claubia , Veloso Maria A. F.
Published: June 2019

The liquid-salt-cooled very high-temperature reactor (LS-VHTR) is a reactor that presents very good characteristics in terms of energy production and safety aspects. It uses as fuel the TRISO particles immersed in a graphite matrix with a cylindrical shape called fuel compact, as moderator graphite and as coolant liquid salt Li2BeF4 called Flibe. This work evaluates the thermal hydraulic performance of the heat removal system and the reactor core by performing different simplifications to represent the reactor core and the fuel compact under steady-state conditions, starting the modeling from a single fuel element, until complete the studies with the entire core model developed in the RELAP5-3D code. Two models were considered for representation of the fuel compact, homogeneous and non-homogeneous models, as well as different geometries of the heat structures was considered. The aim to develop several models was to compare the thermal hydraulic characteristics resulting from the construction of a more economical and less discretized model with much more refined models that can lead to more complexes analyzes to representing TRISO effect particles in the fuel compact. The different results found, mainly, for the core temperature distributions are presented and discussed.
A vueltas con el enfrentamiento entre la Iglesia católica y la masonería. Una mirada desde los estudios sobre la Iglesia
Authors: Ruiz Sánchez José Leonardo
Published: June 2019

Las investigaciones sobre la antimasonería formulada desde posiciones eclesiales suelen partir de una visión católica como una institución compacta y homogénea en todo momento, también en aquellas cuestiones que quedan al margen del dogma y de la doctrina. Esta visión globalizadora, inclusive en lo relativo a la evolución en el tiempo de las ideas y de los comportamientos de los católicos, merma de rigor las investigaciones por insuficiencia de los argumentos empleados pudiéndose, incluso, alcanzar unas conclusiones desajustadas, si no erróneas. El estudio se centra en el uso en esas investigaciones de términos como clerical, ultramontanismo y prensa católica.
Authentication of Keys Distributed by the Diffie-Hellman Method for Mobile Devices based on Authentication Codes and Magnetometric Data
Authors: Yakovlev Viktor
Published: June 2019

The wide distribution of mobile wireless devices (smartphones, tablets, etc.) warrants cryptographic protection of information transmitted by these devices, which requires supplying these devices with keys and providing their authentication. Recently, research on key authentication methods within scenarios of pairing mobile devices, has been increasingly relevant. In these conditions, mobile devices are located close to each other, up to the physical contact, and an additional key sharing authenticated channel protected from interception is established for purposes of key authentication.

The analysis of additional channel versions: visual, acoustic, vibration, tactile, and magnetometric shows advantages of the latter one in terms of speed and reliability of authentication, as well as easer se of this channel compared to other methods. A magnetometer channel forms if there are magnetometers in mobile devices that measure the Earth’s magnetic field. Random fluctuations of the magnetic field at the measurement point allow to generate in a pair of mobile devices random sequences that coincide with a high probability and which can be used to authenticate session keys.

The “Magparing” protocol of mobile devices keys authentication, which are distributed by Diffie-Hellman method is studied. his protocol is based on the magnetometer data measuring. We demonstrate that the protocol is succeptible to “man-in-the-middle” attack. This fact is confirmed also by software AVISPA simulation.

A new key authentication method based on the use of authenticating code (A-code) is proposed. Authenticators for Diffie-Hellman values are generated based on A-code blocks and random sequences obtained by the reading of magnetometer’s values. An approach for A-code parameters optimization, that conforms to the requirements for authentication key length and both to the probabilities of false key removal and false key deception, is investigated. We present an example  of code parameters for key authentication with the length of 256 bits, providing the probability of a false key agreement of not greater than 10-9 and a probability of false rejection of a true key equal to –10–6, which shows viability of the proposed authentication method.
A Phase I Study of Binimetinib (MEK162) Combined with Pexidartinib (PLX3397) in Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Rosenbaum Evan , Kelly Ciara , D'Angelo Sandra P. , Dickson Mark A. , Gounder Mrinal , Keohan Mary L. , Movva Sujana , Condy Mercedes , Adamson Travis , Mcfadyen Chloe R. , Antonescu Christina R. , Hwang Sinchun , Singer Sam , Qin Li-Xuan , Tap William D. , Chi Ping
Published: June 2019

Lessons Learned

The combination of pexidartinib and binimetinib was safe and tolerable and demonstrated encouraging signs of efficacy in two patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) refractory to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Molecular profiling of GISTs at diagnosis and upon progression may provide insight into the mechanisms of response or resistance to targeted therapies. Additional trials are needed to further explore combined KIT and MEK inhibition in treatment-naïve and TKI-refractory patients with advanced GIST.

Background

Nearly all patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) develop resistance to imatinib, and subsequent treatments have limited efficacy. Dual inhibition of KIT and MAPK pathways has synergistic antitumor activity in preclinical GIST models.

Methods

This was an investigator-initiated, phase I, dose escalation study of the MEK inhibitor binimetinib combined with pexidartinib, a potent inhibitor of CSF1R, KIT, and FLT3, in patients with advanced or metastatic GIST who progressed on imatinib. The primary endpoint was phase II dose determination; secondary endpoints included safety, tolerability, and efficacy. An expansion cohort to further evaluate safety and efficacy was planned.

Results

Two patients were treated at dose level one (binimetinib 30 mg b.i.d. and pexidartinib 400 mg every morning and 200 mg every evening), after which the study was terminated by the manufacturer. No dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were reported, and treatment was well tolerated. The only grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was asymptomatic elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Both patients had a best response of stable disease (SD) by RECIST. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 6.1 and 14.6 months, respectively, in one patient with five prior lines of therapy. The second patient with NF1-mutant GIST had a 27% decrease in tumor burden by RECIST and remains on study after 19 months of treatment.

Conclusion

Pexidartinib combined with binimetinib was tolerable, and meaningful clinical activity was observed in two imatinib-refractory patients.
Seismic retrofit of a structure using self-centring precast concrete frames with enlarged beam ends
Authors: Nour Eldin Mohamed , Naeem Asad , Kim Jinkoo
Published: June 2019

This research proposes a procedure to retrofit existing structures using self-centring post-tensioned precast concrete (SC-PC) frames. The procedure utilises the initial stiffness of the un-retrofitted structure and predicts the required initial stiffness of the retrofitted one using the N2 method. A modified precast beam-end shape is proposed to double the re-centring moment capacity of the retrofit frame at the beam–column interface. Different retrofit cases for two- and three-dimensional structures utilising the proposed and conventional PC beams are investigated. The results of the proposed procedure are verified through non-linear time history analysis using two different sets of earthquake records compatible with the design-level response spectrum. The study results reveal that the SC-PC retrofit frames are quite effective in controlling the earthquake-induced storey drift of the retrofitted structures while eliminating the residual storey drift. The results also indicate the effectiveness of the proposed beam shape in mitigating the inter-storey drift demand of the analysis model structures.