bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving electrocorticograms of awake and anaesthetized mice using wavelet denoising
Authors: Schweigmann Michael , Koch Klaus Peter , Auler Fabian , Kirchhoff Frank
Published: September 2018

The quality of bioelectrical signals is essential for functional evaluation of cellular circuits. The electrical activity recorded from the cortical brain surface represents the average of many individual synaptic processes. By downsizing micro-electrode arrays, the spatial resolution of electrocortico-grams (ECoGs) can be increased. But, upon increasing electrode impedance, recorded noise from the electrode-tissue interface and the surroundings will become more prominent. Frequently, signal interpretation is improved by post-processing using filtering or pattern recognition. For a variety of applications, wavelet denoising has become an accepted tool. Here, we present how wavelet denoising affects the signal-to-noise ratio of ECoGs. The recording qualities from awake and anesthetized mice was artificially reduced by adding two noise models prior to filtering. Raw and filtered signals were compared by calculating the linear correlation coefficient.
Cryoballoon model and simulation of catheter ablation for pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Müssig Robin , Müssig Robin , Hörth Johannes
Published: September 2018

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is a common therapy in atrial fibrillation (AF). The cryoballoon was invented to isolate the pulmonary vein in one step and in a shorter time than a point-by-point radiofrequency (RF) ablation. The aim of the study was to model two cryoballoon catheters, one RF catheter and to integrate them into a heart rhythm model for the static and dynamic simulation of PVI by cryoablation and RF ablation in AF. The modeling and simulation were carried out using the electromagnetic and thermal simulation software CST (CST, Darmstadt). Two cryoballons and one RF ablation catheter were modeled based on the technical manuals of the manufacturers Medtronic and Osypka. The PVI especially the isolation of the left inferior pulmonary vein using a cryoballoon catheter was performed with a -50 °C heatsource and an exponential signal. The temperature at the balloon surface was -50 °C after 20 s ablation time, -24 °C from the balloon 0,5 mm in the myocardium, at a distance of 1 mm -3 °C, at 2 mm 18 °C and at a distance of 3mm 29 °C. PVI with RF energy was simulated with an applied power of 5 W at 420 kHz at the distal 8 mm ablation electrode. The temperature at the tip electrode was 110 °C after 15 s ablation time, 75 °C from the balloon at 0,5 mm in the myocardium, at a distance of 1 mm 58 °C, at 2 mm 45 °C and at a distance of 3 mm 38 °C. Virtual heart rhythm and catheter models as well as the simulation of the temperature allow the simulation of PVI in AF by cryo ablation and RF ablation. The 3D simulation of the temperature profile may be used to optimize RF and cryo ablation.
Concept of a multi sensor and freely configurable patient table for CT applications
Authors: Leopold Mathias , Hoffmann Thomas , Opfermann Klemens , Pannicke Enrico , Rose Georg , Woschke Elmar
Published: September 2018

Conventional computed tomography (CT) systems are encapsulated in hardware and software. Integration of further imaging modalities and sensors which can acquire prior knowledge for dose saving image acquisition and reconstruction techniques are barely possible. Within the scope of our research project, an open interface and freely configurable CT system is now being developed. The integration of further modalities and sensors into this system is a main target. A subproject deals with a multi sensor patient table, which provides additional information through integrated sensors. In particular, force sensors are installed inside the patient table to determine the patient’s mass. This value can be used to specify the required tube voltage, so that a more precise setting can be made in comparison to today‘s clinical practice. Studys show that a more precise kVp estimation can significantly reduce patient dose. Sensors for the monitoring of respiration and pulse are also integrated into the setup of the patient table. On the one hand, these are designed to encourage the patients to minimize disturbing movements and on the other hand to generate trigger signals for the examination. In addition to the sensor concept of the table, a position control system for vertical and horizontal movement of the table is integrated. The position of the table can be adjusted using different input devices so that a fast and intuitive handling of the table movement can be achieved for standard diagnostic and CT guided interventional procedures. The communication between all sensors, actors and the CT ist realized via the Robot Operating System (ROS) framework.
Electrophoretic deposition of dielectric film on stimulation electrodes for the use in intraoperative neuromonitoring
Authors: Chen Karin J. , Oswald Johanna , Krüger Thilo
Published: September 2018

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is a material processing technology which uses direct current (DC) voltage to deposit thin layers on a metallic substrate. EPD is a promising coating technology for medical devices due to its advantages such as thin homogenous layers and a broad range of usable substrates. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how EPD can be deployed successfully to apply an insulation layer on a stimulation electrode. The Mapping suction probe by inomed Medizintechnik GmbH, Germany, was coated in this investigation. The unique feature of this product is that it combines both a surgical vacuum and a stimulation probe and is used for brain tumour resection. As for the insulation layer, ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE) was chosen because of its good dielectric and biocompatible properties. ECTFE particles (Halar®6514, Solvay Specialty Polymer, Italy) were mixed with a solvent (Novec™ 7100DL Engineered Fluid, 3M™) to form a suspension. The coating process was partly automatized to ensure good repeatability and reproducibility. For coating, the stimulation probe was immersed in the suspension so that the counter electrode, a stainless-steel net, surrounded it equidistantly. A heat treatment of the coated device in an oven (FED56, Binder, Germany) was required afterwards to melt the deposited polymer particles. After the heat treatment, a glossy black layer (layer thickness 42 μm) was observed on the substrate. A smooth and homogenous surface confirmed that the coating is suitable for surgical application. However, due to a high evaporation rate of the solvent, the ratio of particles and solvent changes and the coating process will have to be controlled in the future to achieve a stable process. Further advantages of EPD such as short processing time, straightforward process flow and scalability enables high production quantities which is attractive for industrial application. EPD might be a promising coating technology for medical devices in the future.
Visualization of biomechanical model parameters by adapting methods from game development
Authors: Bolten Tobias , Kürten Andre , Kitzig Andreas , Naroska Edwin
Published: September 2018

In biosignal processing, the importance of modeling and simulation to assist the development of methods, algorithms and systems is increasing. However, models and simulation environments may also be used in the later application, e.g. to enable physicians, therapists and nurses to provide assistance in treatment. Most of the time, however, the difficulty is to implement and apply the rather complex model data or to evaluate the output of the model. For this purpose, the paper presents a method that intelligibly prepares the input data of a biomechanical model for the end user using a game development environment
Visualization of interfacial adhesive defects at dental restorations with spectral domain and polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography
Authors: Tetschke Florian , Golde Jonas , Walther Julia , Kirsten Lars , Koch Edmund , Hannig Christian , Rüger Claudia , Schneider Hartmut , Haak Rainer
Published: September 2018

Restoration loss based on interfacial adhesive defects and associated caries at the restoration margin are the main causes for invasive replacement of dental restorations. Assessment of the interfacial quality based on clinical inspection and radiographic examination is often difficult and not reliable. In this work, we present spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) and polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) for the evaluation of tooth-composite bond failure. Imaging of two composite restorations at the occlusal surface are presented using intensity-based images obtained by SDOCT and PSOCT based degree of polarization uniformity (DOPU). Both modalities revealed several defects beneath the surface such as inhomogeneous adhesive layers, marginal gaps and bubbles. In addition, DOPU representation showed an inhomogeneous structure within the composite material. OCT based imaging of dental restorations could add a valuable diagnostic tool for the evaluation of structural defects in clinical practice. The representation of polarization characteristics with the DOPU algorithm provides further information on the homogeneity of the restoration.
PromBERA: A preoperative eABR: An update
Authors: Polterauer Daniel , Neuling Maike , Müller Joachim , Hempel John-Martin , Mandruzzato Giacomo , Polak Marek
Published: September 2018

Prior to cochlear implantation, audiological tests are performed to determine candidacy in subjects with a hearing loss. This is usually done by measuring the acoustic auditory brainstem response (ABR). Unfortunately, for some subjects, a reproducible ABR recording cannot be obtained, even at high acoustic levels. Having a healthy stimulating auditory nerve is required for cochlear implantation in order to benefit from the electrical pulses that are generated by the implant and to improve speech comprehension. In some subjects, this prerequisite cannot be measured using routine audiological tests. In this study, the feasibility of recording electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (eABR) using a stimulating transtympanic electrode, placed on the round window niche, together with MED-EL clinical system is investigated. The results show that it is possible to record reproducible eABR measurements using PromBERA. The response was also confirmed with intraoperative eABR measurements that were stimulated using the implanted CI electrode array. Similarities between the intraoperative measurements and the preoperative recorded waveforms were observed. In summary, the integrity and excitability of the auditory nerve can be objectively measured using the PromBERA in subjects where standard clinical testing procedures are unable to provide the information required.
Automated particle analysis by Raman microscopy – a method development
Authors: Reske Thomas , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Teske Michael , Eickner Thomas , Senz Volkmar , Grabow Niels
Published: September 2018

Chemical identification of particles increasingly gains importance concerning regulatory affairs of medical devices. Particle numbers of samples very easily add up to orders larger than 1.000. Therefore an automated particle measurement is absolutely worthwhile. As a method of chemical identification Raman spectroscopy combined with microscopy is commonly used. The challenge is to distinguish small particles in a range of a few microns on a surface from the background. Different specimen holder made of glass, polymer (e.g. polycarbonate) or metal are commonly used. After the choice of suitable background parameters such as magnification, optical resolution, focal plane and brightness have to be optimized. The used software for Raman microscopy offers the possibility to select particles for the subsequent measurement. Therefore the xand y-coordinates of particles have to be added to a list manually and separately. This so called point list can be processed automatically. However, this procedure is very laborious and requires a high degree of user interaction especially in case of large particle numbers. Furthermore the software offers the possibility to perform a so called area scan, where a defined surface of the the specimen will be spectroscopically analyzed. The measurements are performed in defined distances on a grid, e.g. every 10 micrometer in xand y-direction. The choice of this tool leads to a large number of measuring points associated with an unwanted long measuring time. By means of the freely accessible software ImageJ an alternative path was found to relate xand y-coordinates to every particle. These coordinates can be imported into the point list of the software for Raman microscopy. Afterwards a Raman spectrum for every particle can be measured without further high effort in time.
Foetal heart rate signal spectral analysis by using time-varying autoregressive modelling
Authors: Fuentealba Patricio , Illanes Alfredo , Ortmeier Frank
Published: September 2018

During labour, foetal monitoring enables clinicians to prevent potential adverse outcomes, whose surveillance procedure is commonly based on analysis of cardiotocographic (CTG) signals. Unfortunately, this procedure is difficult because it involves human interpretation of highly complex signals. In order to improve the CTG assessment, different approaches based on signal processing techniques have been proposed. However, most of them do not consider the progression of the foetal response over time. In this work, we propose to study such progression along the foetal heart rate (FHR) signal by using spectral analysis based on time-varying autoregressive modelling. The main idea is to investigate if a particular FHR signal episode in the time-domain reflects dynamical changes in the frequency-domain that can help to assess the foetal condition. Results show that each FHR deceleration leaves a particular time-varying frequency signature described by the spectral energy components which could help to distinguish between a normal and a pathological foetus.
In vitro study of sirolimus release from nonwoven PLLA matrices
Authors: Illner Sabine , Kohse Stefanie , Michaelis Claudia , Reske Thomas , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Eickner Thomas
Published: September 2018

Sirolimus incorporated nonwoven polymer matrices were fabricated via electrospinning. Release kinetics considering different fiber diameters and layer thicknesses were investigated. In vitro drug release profiles were evaluated by measuring the drug concentration in an established drug release medium (0.9% saline solution with additives, not buffered) at predetermined time points. Furthermore, an NH3-plasma pretreatment was examined to ensure complete wetting from the beginning of the study. In comparison to thin drug-loaded PLLA spray coatings it was shown that the release of sirolimus is diffusion- and degradation-controlled regardless of the surface-to-volume ratio, though fiber diameters or a hydrophilization can affect its release kinetics.
Conceptual design of a personalized radiation therapy patch for skin cancer
Authors: Pashazadeh Ali , Castro Nathan , Morganti Elena , Hutmacher Dietmar , Lagotzki Sinja , Boese Axel , Friebe Michael
Published: September 2018

Radiation therapy is a valuable option for treatment of skin cancer. In order to deliver the radiation dose to the superficial skin tumor, an X-ray source, electron beam radiation therapy or a radioisotope is applied. The effectiveness of these procedures is well established in the literature. Findings of some recent studies have indicated that beta particles can be of particular interest in suppressing skin tumor growth. Betaemitting radioisotopes are favorable because of the short penetration depth of their emitted particles. Beta radiation can induce significant damage in superficial skin tumor, and at the same time, result in enhanced protection of the underlying healthy tissues. In this study, we propose the design of a patch that can be used in beta radiation therapy of skin cancer patients. For that, we describe the components of this radioactive patch, as well as a proposal for the subsequent clinical application procedure. A scaffold was used as a substrate for embedding the desired beta-emitting radioisotope, and two layers of hydrogel to provide protection and shielding for the radioactively labelled scaffold. The proposed design could provide a universal platform for all beta-emitting radioisotopes. Depending on the depth of the tumor spread, a suitable beta emitter for that specific tumor can be selected and used. This is of particular and critical importance in cases where the tumor is located directly on top of the bone and for which the depth of penetration of radiation should be limited to only the tumor volume. The proposed design has the mechanical flexibility to adapt to curved body regions so as to allow the use in anatomically challenging areas of the body.
Cross-Correlation based comparison between the conventional 12-lead ECG and an EASI derived 12-lead ECG
Authors: Holderith Melanie , Schanze Thomas
Published: September 2018

The 12-channel ECG is an important tool used for the diagnosis and treatment of various cardiac and other related diseases. The recording procedure requires the exact placement of 10 electrodes on the patients, because incorrect placement can lead to improper signals and, consequently, to false diagnoses. In addition, the placement of 10 electrodes is time consuming, often interferes with clinical processes, and is less patient-friendly. One possible solution could be the usage of a vector-based, 5-electrode, 12-lead monitoring ECG system (EASI). The aim of this work is to establish a quantitative comparison between the conventional 12-lead ECG and an EASI ECG by cross-correlating signals of the same type. For this purpose, we used a conventional 12-lead ECG device, Schwarzer Cardiotek GmbH; and an EASI device, Schwarzer Cardiotek GmbH. All instruments were made available by the company CRS medical GmbH. Both devices were simultaneously connected to an informed, healthy volunteer and signals were recorded under resting conditions. Crosscorrelation functions were calculated and analysed by using Matlab R2015a between the same original and filtered signal types, e.g. conventional and EASI lead I. Time lags between the recordings were compensated adequately. All signals, up to two conventional signals, were of high quality. We found a high degree of correlations between 10 of 12 leads (r > 0.9). However, the conventional recording system is more sensible to artifacts, muscle activities and noise, very likely due to its more complex electrode configuration and larger electrical sensing area. A visual inspection of the conventional and EASI time courses by an expert also indicated that EASI is useful in clinical practice. We compared a conventional 12-lead ECG with an EASI ECG by signal correlations. The results indicate that EASI is well suited for cardiologic routine: simplified electrode placement and reasonable signal quality. However, additional investigations are required, especially to test EASI for diagnostic purposes and with more sophisticated statistical methods.
“MigraineMonitor” – Towards a System for the Prediction of Migraine Attacks using Electrostimulation
Authors: Stefke Andrea , Wilm Frauke , Richer Robert , Gradl Stefan , Eskofier Bjoern M. , Forster Clemens , Namer Barbara
Published: September 2018

Migraine attacks can be accompanied by many different symptoms, some of them appearing within 24 hours before the onset of the headache. In previous work, reduced habituation to an electrical pain stimulus at the head was observed in the pre-ictal phase within 24 hours before the headache attack. Based on these results, this work presents an application to track influence factors on migraine attacks and an Arduino-based control unit which replaces the traditional approach of manual electrical stimulation. The usability of both components of the project was evaluated in separate user studies. Results of the usability study show a good acceptance of the systems with a mean SUS score of 92.4. Additionally, they indicate that the developed control unit may substitute the current manual electrical stimulation. Overall, the designed system allows standardized repeatable measurements and is a first step towards the home-use of a device for establishing a new method for migraine prediction.
Registration of pre- and postoperative surface scans for pediatric neurosurgery
Authors: Katanacho Manuel , Lack John-Certus , Fehlhaber Felix , Krüger Jörg
Published: September 2018

A software for automatic registration and differential visualization of pre- and postoperative surface scans for use in pediatric neurosurgery is developed and implemented. The core operations of the registration include an automatic head extraction, a rough registration by aligning the main axes, a depth map-based registration for robust determination and registration of feature points in the facial area, and a fine registration. A graphical user interface is implemented for the difference visualization and program control.
Enhancing EFL learners’ vocabulary learning through formative assessment: Is the effort worth expending?
Authors: Estaji Masoomeh , Mirzaii Mostafa
Published: September 2018

Despite widespread agreement among ELT researchers that vocabulary lies at the heart of communicative competence, currently no consensus exists as to how learning of previously presented lexical items can be guaranteed. Given the inconclusiveness of findings, the present study attempted to delve into the differences in the learning of target vocabulary through formative assessment. To this end, 58 EFL learners assigned to two groups (the experimental and control group) took a vocabulary pretest. The target vocabulary was explicitly presented to both groups, and the experimental group underwent formative assessment of this vocabulary through such techniques as concept mapping, oral questioning, and vocabulary quizzes. In order to probe deep into the perceptions of formative assessment, two focus-group interviews were held with 14 participants of the experimental group. Finally, both groups sat a posttest whose results revealed that the participants in the experimental group outperformed the control group in terms of vocabulary learning. The findings showed that formative assessment can enable language learners to apply their newly gained lexical knowledge with syntactic correctness and semantic appropriateness. The interviews indicated that participants had a positive attitude toward formative assessment.
Managing understanding through English as a lingua franca
Authors: Koblizkova Andrea
Published: September 2018

The paper offers insight into pragmatic aspects of English as a lingua franca (ELF) and potential implications for intercultural communication by presenting the results of research into rapport carried among Czech, English and German university students. The three cultural groups were compared in terms of their cultural independence in rapport management using multiple-choice discourse completion tasks MDCTs based on scenarios addressing specifically issues of face (face-threatening and face-saving acts), implicitness/explicitness, positive/negative politeness, and relational and transactional language functions. Their mutual and pairwise comparisons showed nuances in which the surveyed groups varied in their motivations. Though all the groups, regardless of their cultural background, overlapped in their genuine effort to make relational choices to maintain rapport, the English group manifested more relational interactions, and even at the cost of miscommunication they left the messages in the hands of a recipient. The English group tended to manifest explicitness only when there might be cost to their public status, whereas the Czech and German groups saw the value of interaction in explicit statement of the truth. They neglected the cost of face-threatening acts as they had not fully decoded the rapport impairment caused by the use of transactional interactions. The findings imply that ELF as a medium of intercultural communication needs to turn more attention to the values of the involved speakers and hearers, to equip them with competence to carefully formulate their own ideas as well as broaden their understanding of the motives of the others.
From a reader/listener to a speaker/writer: Student views confirm the need to develop English courses further towards productive, interactive skills
Authors: Pitkänen Kari K.
Published: September 2018

Over the past decades, Finland has become more international, and the need for academic and professional language skills has increased and shifted towards productive skills. In this paper, I shall provide an overview of this development as seen through course catalogues from four decades, and compare it with real student needs, strengths and weaknesses. The material consists of course descriptions from the 1970s to the present, which are used to trace the evolution and development of English courses taught at the University of Helsinki Language Centre. These were contrasted with 365 CEFR self-assessments my students completed at the beginning of their faculty-specific English courses (English Academic and Professional Skills) and another data set consisting of 20 interviews of graduates who have used languages professionally. The results show that the language courses have been developed so that they focus more on productive skills, which the students find demanding but essential for coping academically and professionally. For new teachers developing their English courses, this paper provides a context to be considered in the development process.
Evaluation of three different green fabrication methods for the synthesis of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles using Pelargonium zonale leaf extract
Authors: Vahidi Afsaneh , Vaghari Hamideh , Najian Yahya , Najian Mohammad Javad , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda
Published: September 2018

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were green synthesized usingPelargonum zonaleleaf extract under three different heating methods, and their characteristics were evaluated using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and antibacterial well diffusion method. The FT-IR analysis indicated that thePelargoniumleaf extract contained hydroxyl and amide I groups which were related to the proteins, carbohydrate, tannins and phenolic compounds of the extract and had an essential role in the reduction of the zinc ions and synthesis of the ZnO NPs. The obtained results revealed that the synthesized spherical individual ZnO NPs as well as the number of aggregates using microwave irradiation, autoclave and conventional heating (heater-stirrer) methods had average crystalline size of 51, 60 and 61 nm. Furthermore, antioxidant activities of the fabricated ZnO NPs were 7.8, 4.1 and 5.5% by using conventional heating, autoclave and microwave irradiation, respectively. The obtained results indicated that all the formed ZnO NPs had bactericidal effects against to the both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria strains. However, the synthesized ZnO NPs using conventional heating method had the highest antibacterial activities toward both studied bacteria strains.
An efficient cascade synthesis of substituted 6,9-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-f]quinoline- 8-carbonitriles
Authors: Li Hong-Lei , Chen Juan , Chen Dong-Sheng , Shi Pan , Liu Jia-Yan
Published: September 2018

The synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-f]quinoline-8-carbonitriles 4a–h and 6a–k involves the reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, 1H-indazol-6-amine and 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile or 3-oxo-3-arylpropanenitrile in ethanol under mild conditions.
Synthesis and properties of tetracyanoquinodimethane derivatives
Authors: Zhu Lei , Chang Haizhen , Vavallo Christopher L. , Jiang Jianhui , Zeng Zebing , Yang Junliang , Smith Mark D. , Miao Shaobin
Published: September 2018

Two new aza-acenequinone derivatives 4 and 5 were prepared by cyclocondensation of diamines 2 and 3 with bis(triisopropylsilyl)-dialkynyl-l,2-dione 1. Further reactions of compounds 4 and 5 with malononitrile using the Lehnert reagent afforded corresponding tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) derivatives 6 and 7. Compounds 4, 6 and 7 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Compounds 6 and 7 were studied electrochemically and photochemically. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on compounds 6 and 7 indicate that both compounds have the potential to be candidates for organic semiconductor materials.
Caffeine consumption patterns and determinants among adolescents in Serbia
Authors: Milovanovic Dragana Dragas , Jakovljevic Mihajlo , Scekic Milica , Djordjevic Natasa
Published: September 2018

Background:

The number of adolescents who use caffeine is constantly increasing. As juvenile age is vulnerable, it is reasonable to expect that they will differently perceive reason and react to caffeine use than adults, and be more prone to unwanted physiological and psychological consequences of its consumption.

Aim:

Analysis of the scope and pattern of caffeine consumption among adolescents in Serbia.

Study design:

The cross-sectional survey was implemented in the study population of 191 Serbian adolescents during 2010.

Results:

The median daily intake of caffeine was 95.6 mg. The major source of caffeine was brewed coffee, and the most common reasons for caffeine intake were leisure, peer influence, or habit. Only 57.6% of the subjects were aware that caffeine is present in consumed beverages. Sex affected the pattern, but not the overall level, of caffeine consumption. No association between caffeine consumption and smoking status, frequency of caffeine use in the family, or negative personal experience with caffeine effects was observed.

Conclusion:

Our investigation provides first and rather detailed insight into caffeine-containing beverage consumption scope and pattern among Serbian adolescents. For accurate estimation and analysis of caffeine intake in this population, randomized studies with prospective longitudinal design, caffeine content measurement, and more subjects involved are warranted.
A cross-sectional study to assess awareness about menstruation in adolescent girls of an urban slum in western Maharashtra
Authors: Dudeja Puja , Sindhu Apoorva , Shankar Pooja , Gadekar Tukaram
Published: September 2018

Introduction:

Reproductive health of adolescent girls is crucial as it determines the health of future generations. School girls when experiencing menarche find themselves in a setting without water, toilets or a supportive female teacher to explain the changes happening in their body. An important concern for adolescent girls is to have adequate, correct knowledge along with facilities and the cultural environment to manage menstruation hygienically and with dignity. Hence, the present study was done to assess knowledge and practices about menstruation in adolescent school girls of an urban slum.

Methodology:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among girls of a Government School located in an urban slum of western Maharashtra. A total of 250 girls participated. Data collection was through a pilot-tested questionnaire. The data thus collected were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the SPSS 20 software. All girls were educated about menstrual hygiene after the study.

Results:

The mean age of the students was 14.9±1.75 years. The mean age at menarche was 11.97 (95% CI: 11.94–11.99). It was observed that only half (56.4%) had acquired prior knowledge about attaining menarche. Out of these in a large proportion, the knowledge was imparted to them by their mothers (60.7%), followed by friends (31.8%). There was no significant association between educational status of mother and awareness in respondent about menstruation. Regarding the organ of menstrual blood flow, half (50.7%) knew the correct answer (i.e. uterus); whereas the rest believed that it was stomach/kidney, etc. Most of the school girls (90.5%) used sanitary pads. Almost 90% of the young women faced physical complaints or health problems during menstruation. Most of the participants had some kind of restrictions on them during the menstruation and most of these were religious restrictions (69.7%) followed by physical (41.2%) and social restrictions (22.3%). All of them were unsatisfied with the toilets and hand washing facilities available inside the school premises.

Conclusion:

Correct knowledge in adolescent young girls regarding menstruation is lacking. Lack of awareness is a roadblock in adopting safe and hygienic menstrual practices. It also hinders them from overcoming traditional beliefs, misconceptions and restrictions regarding menstruation. This will empower them as they transition into womanhood.
Hypogammaglobulinemia and imaging features in a patient with infantile free sialic acid storage disease (ISSD) and a novel mutation in the SLC17A5 gene
Authors: Žigman Tamara , Petković Ramadža Danijela , Lušić Mario , Zekušić Marija , Ninković Dorotea , Gardijan Danilo , Potočki Kristina , Omerza Lana , Beljan Lucija , Žarković Kamelija , Kerkhof Jennifer , Ljubojević Marija , de Sain-van der Velden Monique , Vuković Jurica , Fumić Ksenija , Sadiković Bekim , Barić Ivo
Published: September 2018

Background

Infantile free sialic acid storage disease (ISSD) is a severe multisystemic disorder characterized by the accumulation of free sialic acid in lysosomes.

Case presentation

The patient presented prenatally with fetal ascites and large scrotal hernias, without pleural or pericardial effusion. During the infantile period, he was diagnosed with permanent isolated immunoglobulin G (IgG) hypogammaglobulinemia, which thus far has rarely been associated with ISSD. The analysis of the SLC17A5 gene revealed a novel homozygous 94 bp gene deletion. We further provide a detailed description of pre- and postnatal clinical and radiographic findings.

Conclusions

Fetal ascites could be the first sign of several lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), including ISSD. The analysis of LSD gene panels is an effective approach to diagnosis in the case of non-specific symptoms and when specific biochemical tests are not easily available.
Internal Curing to Mitigate Cracking in Rapid Set Repair Media
Authors: Quezada Ivan , Thomas Robert J. , Maguire Marc
Published: September 2018

Rapid hydration and high early strength portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) concretes are commonly used as pavement repair media. Field trials reveal a tendency to crack along the longitudinal axis of the repair. The authors hypothesized that internal curing with saturated lightweight aggregate would prevent or delay restrained shrinkage cracking in the rapid repair media. The fresh properties (slump, setting time), mechanical properties (elastic modulus, compressive and tensile strength), and volume stability (autogenous shrinkage, drying shrinkage, restrained ring shrinkage, creep) of the rapid repair media were evaluated with and without internal curing with saturated lightweight aggregate. Despite delayed hydration and reduced early-age strength, internally cured concretes could retain the requisite minimum 4-hour compressive strength of 4,000 psi. Significant improvements in volume stability were also noted. Drying and autogenous shrinkage were reduced by factors up to 20 % and 50 %. However, detrimentally, creep shrinkage was increased by factors up to 45 %, respectively. The time to cracking in restrained ring shrinkage tests was increased by factors up to 60 %. These results indicate that internal curing can successfully improve volume stability and mitigate restrained shrinkage cracking in rapid repair media without compromising fresh properties or ultimate mechanical strength.
Internally Cured Concrete for Pavement and Bridge Deck Applications
Authors: Subgranon Thanachart , Kim Kukjoo , Tia Mang
Published: September 2018

Laboratory and full-scale slab testing programs were conducted to evaluate the performance of internally cured concrete (ICC) using lightweight aggregates for application in bridge decks and concrete pavement. The laboratory testing program evaluated three standard mixes (SM) and three ICC mixes with the same water-to-cementitious materials (w/cm) ratio and cementitious content. The amounts of water-reducing admixtures needed for the ICC mixes to achieve the same workability was less than that needed for the corresponding standard mixes. The compressive strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus, splitting tensile strength, and coefficient of thermal expansion of the ICC mixes were lower than those of the SM mixes with the same w/cm ratio. Restrained shrinkage testing indicated that the ICC mixes, despite having higher drying shrinkage, had a substantially greater resistance to shrinkage cracking than the standard mixes. One SM and two ICC test slabs were constructed to evaluate the performance of ICC in pavement slabs. The results of the critical stress analysis from finite element models show that, at a critical loading condition, the computed stress-to-strength ratios for the ICC slabs were lower than those of the SM slab. Heavy vehicle simulator (HVS) testing of the SM slab produced some hairline cracks next to the wheel path. These hairline cracks possibly occurred when microshrinkage cracks developed into hairline cracks after the slab was loaded repetitively by the HVS. No surface cracks were observed for the two ICC slabs after HVS testing. Based on these results, the ICC test slabs had higher resistance to cracking than the SM test slab.
Epigenetic Programming by Maternal Behavior in the Human Infant
Authors: Lester Barry M. , Conradt Elisabeth , LaGasse Linda L. , Tronick Edward Z. , Padbury James F. , Marsit Carmen J.
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVES:

We sought to determine if variations in maternal care alter DNA methylation in term, healthy, 5-month-old infants. This work was based on landmark studies in animal models demonstrating that nurturing care by dams would alter their newborns’ stress responses through epigenetic mechanisms. We used breastfeeding as a proxy for animal maternal behavior. We hypothesized alterations in DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and less hypothalamic stress response in infants of mothers who breastfed their infants versus infants of mothers who did not breastfeed.

METHODS:

A cohort study of term, healthy infants and their mothers who did (n = 21) or did not (n = 21) breastfeed for the first 5 months was used in this analysis. Cortisol stress reactivity was measured in infant saliva by using a mother-infant interaction procedure and DNA methylation of an important regulatory region of the glucocorticoid receptor gene. Changes in DNA methylation of this gene in humans were compared to homologous regions of the rat gene. DNA samples were prepared from cheek swabs and subjected to quantitative analysis of the extent of methylation by using sensitive sequencing techniques.

RESULTS:

Breastfeeding was associated with decreased DNA methylation of the glucocorticoid receptor promoter and decreased cortisol reactivity in 5-month-old infants. Decreased DNA methylation occurred in the promoter region involved in regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and immune system responses.

CONCLUSIONS:

Maternal care in humans may impact the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress response through behavioral programming and manifest as offspring epigenetic change. These results explain, in part, some of the positive effects observed in children who are breastfed.
Radiological findings of breast involvement in benign and malignant systemic diseases
Authors: Matsumoto Renato Augusto Eidy Kiota , Catani Juliana Hiraoka , Campoy Mirela Liberato , Oliveira Arthur Magalhães , Barros Nestor de
Published: September 2018

Abstract Although the primary purpose of periodic mammograms in screening programs is to identify lesions suspected of being carcinomas, the findings are often related to systemic (benign or malignant) diseases, rather than breast cancer. Although the involvement of breast structures in systemic diseases is unusual, it can be included in the differential diagnosis of masses, skin changes, calcifications, asymmetry, and axillary lymphadenopathy. The main diagnostic entities that can be associated with such involvement are diabetes, chronic kidney disease, heart diseases, connective tissue diseases, HIV infection, lymphoma, leukemia, and metastases from primary tumors at other sites. In many cases, information related to knowledge and treatment of chronic diseases is not available to the radiologist at the time of evaluation of the mammography findings. The purpose of this essay is to offer relevant pictorial information to the general radiologist about systemic diseases involving the breast, expanding the range of differential diagnoses in order to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures.
Uma proposta de criação de um sistema para monitoramento dos casos de mesotelioma maligno em Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Kalinke Luciana Puchalski , Kalinke Marco Aurélio , Sarquis Leila Maria Mansano , Marcondes Larissa , Halfeld Tatiana , Mensi Carolina , Consonni Dario
Published: September 2018

Este estudo objetivou propor a criação de um sistema de monitoramento dos casos de mesotelioma maligno no Município de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil, desenvolvido com base no modelo italiano. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação tipo diagnóstica, que utiliza as fases exploratória e de planejamento, desenvolvida no período de julho de 2015 a maio de 2017. Utilizaram-se como ferramentas de busca os seguintes instrumentos: Integrador de Registro Hospitalar de Câncer, com as morfologias específicas para mesotelioma; Registro Hospitalar de Câncer, com os códigos C38.4 e C45, da Classificação Internacional de Doenças, 10ª revisão, e/ou registros codificados pelo CID-O, com as topografias C38 e C48; Registro de Câncer de base populacional da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Curitiba, com os mesmos códigos. Também foram conhecidos, analisados e adaptados para a realidade brasileira o modelo, os questionários e o software de registro de mesotelioma da Lombardia, na Itália. Observou-se que, no Integrador de Registro Hospitalar de Câncer, foram registrados 15 casos de mesotelioma. No Registro Hospitalar de Câncer do hospital universitário, foram dois. No hospital oncológico, 16. Os dados do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional, por sua vez, indicaram 317 registros relativos ao período. Apesar de algumas informações estarem mais completas, existe a falta de dados relacionados à história laboral, impossibilitando estabelecer o nexo causal. Com o aumento do número de casos de mesotelioma previstos para as próximas décadas e o atendimento às demandas legais, a implantação de registros torna-se essencial para auxiliar no conhecimento, no acompanhamento, na determinação de nexo causal e nas fontes de contaminação específicas no país.
Avaliação de variáveis de sustentabilidade ambiental nas empresas de abastecimento de água e saneamento listadas na BM&FBOVESPA
Authors: Agustini Carlos Alberto Di , Giannetti Biagio Fernando
Published: September 2018

Resumo O nível crítico das águas dos reservatórios e das hidrelétricas brasileiras representa o rompimento da 1ª condição da sustentabilidade. A soma do volume de afluência menos a soma do volume de defluência, resulta em 6.418 m3 de água por segundo desfavorável, ao sistema nacional. Neste estudo, apresentamos uma metodologia de contabilidade ambiental que mensura o uso de recursos por unidade comum de eMergia solar, com objetivo de avaliar a interação de variáveis de sustentabilidade ambiental nas empresas de abastecimento de água e saneamento listadas na BM&FBOVESPA em 2014. A mensuração foi realizada mediante definição das fronteiras do sistema de cada empresa com as fontes de energia e materiais que a alimentam. Um diagrama de energia do sistema foi construído e resumido em um diagrama agregado dos fluxos de energia. A partir do inventário das entradas de energia e materiais das empresas no exercício de 2013, foram inventariados os recursos R, N e F, em unidades, transformidades e eMergia/unidade. Foi verificado se os consumidores estão pagando, em seJ/J ou seJ/R$, os recursos recebidos dos ecossistemas naturais quando compram produtos e serviços pagos em dinheiro. O cálculo dos indicadores da contabilidade em eMergia (EYR, ELR e SI) e o diagrama ternário em eMergia e suas linhas de sustentabilidade indicaram posições das empresas em relação aos indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental. Os investidores na BM&FBOVESPA reconhecem e percebem valor positivo das empresas rotuladas como sustentáveis ambientalmente. No período de 2006 a 2015 o ISE obteve uma performance de +131% em relação ao Ibovespa. Os clientes das empresas CASAN, COPASA, SABESP e SANEPAR pagaram nas tarifas de água e tratamento de esgotos, em R$ médios, 72,5% da eMergia total recebida. Há uma relação de desvantagem entre a biosfera e o sistema de tratamento de água e esgotamento sanitário operado pelas empresas avaliadas.
Diretrizes para a saúde da criança: o desenvolvimento da linguagem em foco
Authors: Lamego Denyse Telles da Cunha , Moreira Martha Cristina Nunes , Bastos Olga Maria
Published: September 2018

Resumo Alterações da linguagem impactam no desenvolvimento integral da criança. Diretrizes políticas orientam sobre os modos de acompanhar o desenvolvimento infantil para maior eficácia e efetividade. O objetivo deste artigo foi identificar posições políticas sobre propostas para atenção aos problemas de linguagem no campo da saúde da criança. A partir de uma revisão documental, foram examinadas diretrizes nacionais e internacionais, a fim de identificar atores, objetivos, contextos, motivações, argumentos, justificativas e proposições quanto ao acompanhamento do desenvolvimento infantil e da linguagem da criança. Realizou-se uma análise crítica a fim de explicitar tais posicionamentos e colocar em discussão os argumentos que os sustentam. Os resultados indicam consenso ao situarem os problemas do desenvolvimento infantil como produtores de vulnerabilidades. Problemas de linguagem são transversais às fronteiras de assuntos políticos, científicos e sociais. Essas questões são desafios ao trabalho interdisciplinar e intersetorial e pautam a necessidade de respostas mais efetivas no campo da política pública para pessoas com tais demandas. A articulação dessa discussão aos conceitos de ciclo de vida e desenvolvimento humano para o alcance da plena cidadania requer maior aprofundamento.
A prevenção à violência em programas interdisciplinares que atuam em escolas brasileiras e portuguesas
Authors: Silva Flaviany Ribeiro da , Assis Simone Gonçalves
Published: September 2018

Resumo O presente artigo tem por objetivo compreender de que modo e em que medida equipes interdisciplinares de apoio às escolas públicas no contexto brasileiro e português caracterizam e desenvolvem ações em prol da prevenção à violência. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de um estudo exploratório, por meio de entrevistas com 24 profissionais seguida de análise temática. Os resultados sugerem que no Programa existente em Portugal a prevenção é sempre apontada como uma possibilidade; enquanto que no brasileiro, além dos discursos que apostam na prevenção, também há menção a limites quanto à realização de práticas preventivas em escolas. Nas localidades investigadas, as ações de prevenção sinalizadas se apresentam de modo incipiente quando comparadas com as preconizadas pela Organização Mundial e Panamericana de Saúde. Discute-se que uma visão mais estratégica do Ministério da Educação e das Secretarias de Educação poderia contribuir para a não responsabilização solitária da instituição escolar pela prevenção da violência e, deste modo, potencializar a redução do fenômeno e favorecer seus efeitos em longo prazo.