bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concentration and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some commercial herbal drugs used for cholera treatment in southwest Nigeria
Authors: Adewale Akintelu Sunday , Charles Olugbeko Seyifunmi , Adekunle Folorunso Femi , Kolawole Oyebamiji Abel , Similoluwa Folorunso Aderonke
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the cancer risk that could be incurred from the use of some anti-cholera herbal drugs sold in Southwest Nigeria. Three most popular anti-cholera herbal drugs were studied. The cancer risk estimation for the drugs at studied population ranges from 7.119 to 0.338 x 10-8 in children, 9.563 to 0.129 x 10-8 in preteen and 9.541 to 5.196 x 10-8 in adult. The cancer risk estimated values are below the USEPA set value 1 x 10-6. This established that the use of these herbal drugs might not lead to cancer if consumed at low dosage.
Adsorption of arsenic and phosphate from groundwater onto a calcined laterite as fixed bed in column experiments
Authors: Sanou Yacouba , Kabore Raymond , Pare Samuel
Published: December 2020

This work was focused on laterite soil as adsorbent for the removal of arsenic and phosphate from groundwater using column experiments. Results revealed a decrease of arsenic removal efficiency from 100 to 79% with flow rate increasing. Maximum removal of 100% for arsenic and 85% for phosphates was obtained for pH values between 3.5 and 6. The increase of initial arsenic concentration and phosphate amount caused an increase of arsenic adsorption up to 24 µg/g while 58.5 µg/g for phosphate. NaOH solution could desorb 86.8% of arsenic and the reuse of regenerated laterite indicated its efficiency in same experimental conditions.
Integrative Socio-Psychological Model for Assessment and Forecasting the Effectiveness of Intercultural Interaction
Authors: Khukhlaev O.E.
Published: December 2020

Objective. Generalization of psychological approaches to the analysis of the effectiveness of intercultural interaction and their integration with related concepts, which will allowing to build an explanatory model for achieving the effectiveness of communication in a situation of intercultural communication.
Background. In a traditional models of intercultural competence, the link in which a specific communicative situation is analyzed is missing. For the issue related to the effectiveness of intercultural interaction, the most relevant is a model that focuses on the result of communication — the communicative theory of anxiety / uncertainty management by W. Gudikunst. The combination of communicative and competence-based approaches can bring theoretical analysis to a higher level of understanding and predicting intercultural interaction. This approach describes the process of ensuring intercultural communication as managing uncertainty and anxiety. The socio-psychological mechanisms underlying these processes can be described using the theory of Uncertainty-Identity by M. Hogg and the theory of Intergroup threat by W. Stephan and colleagues. In this case, a comprehensive model using communicative and socio-psychological approaches will allow us to analyze the mechanism by which intercultural competence contributes to intercultural efficiency.
Methodology. Systematic approach, method of comparative analysis.
Main conclusions. An integrative socio-psychological model for assessing and predicting the effectiveness of intercultural interaction allows us to build an adequate fundamental scientific rationale for studying the effectiveness of intercultural interaction in specific communicative situations.
Possible Levels of Analysis of Game Behavior in Historical Psychology
Authors: Danilova A.G.
Published: December 2020

Objectives. To discuss the possibilities of applying concepts and methods of transactional analysis in studying of behavior descriptions presented in historical narratives.
Background. The modern research corps of historical and psychological research is composed of works performed from the standpoint of various methodological approaches. The actual necessity is the terminological coordination of concepts used in paradigms of different scientific approaches is noted.
Мethodology. The phenomenon of social play is considered as an example of an interdisciplinary field of research. A comparison of the psychotherapeutic concept of the game by E. Bernе and the cultural concept of the game by Y. Huizinga is made. The key elements of game behavior that are highlighted in each approach are compared. The terminological structure of both approaches is compared. The article considers the interpretation of the concepts of “game” and “ritual” in both authors, their approaches to the analysis of scenario planning and intergenerational transmission of behavior patterns. The possibility of using the concepts of both approaches in the framework of historical and psychological problems as part of a consistent term system is revealed. Taking into account the intergenerational mechanism of games broadcasting and life scenarios based on them, the prospects for applying the analysis of social games in historical psychology are discussed. This consideration is illustrated by an example of cross-cultural transmission of social game and associated values’ dynamics, based on data from historical and literary studies.
Сonclusions. It is possible to use the concepts and principles of transactional analysis in research of the behavior of people of the past. The use of several levels of analysis covering different scopes of relationships (interpersonal, group, intergroup/macrogroup) will allow us to trace the general behavior (structure of interactions) and specific features (context, social environment, transmission features). The study is preliminary in nature.
Territorial Self-Determination of Magadan Students at Different Stages of Education in the University
Authors: Kuznetsova S.A.
Published: December 2020

Objectives. Determination of dynamics of correlation of territorial self-determination of the person with coping and value-semantic mechanisms of regulation of social behavior in students.
Background. In social-psychological studies of migration, the concept of territorial self-determination is practically not used, although it may be productive for systematizing existing research in the field of social psychology of migration, social psychology of personality and development, and setting new hypotheses. The article deals with the problem of territorial self-determination at different stages of personal development.
Study design. We studied the difference between the correlation of migration intentions and attitudes with life orientations and coping in students of 1st and 5th years: we used the R-Spearman rank correlation coefficient, the U-Mann-Whitney criterion, and the φ*-Fisher angular transformation criterion.
Participants. 59 first-year students and 87 fifth-year students of North-Eastern state University (Magadan), a total of 146 people.
Measurements. Questionnaire for studying migration intentions, author’s scale of migration attitudes, test of life orientations by D.A. Leontiev, questionnaire of coping with stress COPE in adaptation by T.O. Gordeeva, etc.
Results. It is established that as the University studies, the place of migration intentions and attitudes changes in the system of regulators of social behavior of the person. For first-year students, the correlation of migration intentions and attitudes with life orientations are more typical; they act as dispositions of the highest level, on the scale of the life path. Fifth-year students are more likely to associate migration intentions and attitudes with coping strategies, and they become regulators of behavior on the scale of activities.
Conclusions. Migration intentions and attitudes can act as regulators of social behavior of a person at different levels, depending on the scale of the individual’s activity at this stage of its development and depending on the tasks solved by the person.
DAS DIRETIVAS ANTECIPADAS DE VONTADE COMO INSTRUMENTOS DE PROTEÇÃO PENAL DA PERSONALIDADE NO FIM DA VIDA
Authors: Avila Gustavo Noronha de , Lazaretti Bruna Furini
Published: December 2020

Apesar de serem diretrizes médicas estabelecidas pela resolução nº 1.995/2012, do Conselho Federal de Medicina, as diretivas antecipadas de vontade não possuem regulamentação legislativa em nível federal. Por isso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma análise das diretivas antecipadas de vontade no fim da vida a fim de verificar sua efetividade como instrumentos de proteção e garantia dos direitos da personalidade no fim da vida a partir de uma ótica jurídica. Ademais, por envolver assuntos delicados, tais como a vida, a dignidade e a autonomia humana, é necessário que o tema seja debatido, para que ganhe a devida visibilidade e possa amadurecer. O estudo se divide em três partes, que abordam, em síntese, os direitos da personalidade correlatos ao tema, as diretivas antecipadas de vontade propriamente ditas (seu conceito e espécies) e a responsabilidade penal médica sob a ótica da imputação objetiva. Para que se possa efetivar a análise aqui proposta, foi utilizado como método de abordagem o hipotético-dedutivo e, como métodos de investigação, o exploratório, o bibliográfico e o documental.
A PROPOSTA DE UM ÍNDICE DE SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL: INSTRUMENTO PARA O ENFRENTAMENTO DA MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA
Authors: Gerent Juliana , Silva José Carlos Loureiro da
Published: December 2020

Conflitos internacionais têm na via jurisdicional um forte aliado para a sua solução. Com as questões ambientais não é diferente. Entretanto, os problemas transfronteiriços, que envolvem recursos naturais, exigem mais do que aplicação de leis por envolverem questões econômicas, sociais, interesses da humanidade e aplicação de princípios específicos. Da análise dos casos concretos julgados pela Corte Internacional de Justiça e pelo Tribunal Internacional do Direito do Mar conclui-se que eles não estão alinhados com a efetiva proteção ambiental. Tais constatações exigiram uma mudança de paradigma. Os Estados inauguraram, sob os holofotes da governança ambiental, as Convenções-Quadro e os regimes ambientais internacionais com mecanismos próprios para solução de controvérsias. A questão imposta é se os meios jurisdicionais ou baseados nos citados regimes são eficazes na solução de conflitos transfronteiriços. E se a elaboração do Índice de Sustentabilidade Ambiental poderia ser mais um instrumento capaz de intimidar os Estados a ponto de fazê-los cumprir, voluntariamente, suas obrigações ambientais assumidas no âmbito internacional.
LPWA-based IoT Technology Selection for Smart Metering Deployment in Urban and Sub Urban Areas: A State Electricity Company Perspective
Authors: Hidayati Amriane , Nashiruddin Muhammad Imam
Published: December 2020

The need for LPWA-based Internet of Things (IoT) technology for deploying smart metering services is rapidly growing for its ability to manage energy usage in real-time and increase efficiency. However, the problem faced by electric utility companies is how to choose the most appropriate technology. This study uses a techno-economic approach to compare the two most widely used technological alternatives, namely establishing LoRaWAN as a non-licensed LPWA technology or leasing NB-IoT as a licensed LPWA technology owned by a telecommunications operator. Case studies conducted in the urban area of Bandung and sub-urban city of Tasikmalaya as an example of a typical town in Indonesia. The results showed that LoRaWAN and NB-IoT are both technically and business feasible to be implemented with their respective advantages. LoRaWAN is superior in battery lifetime, business model, speed of implementation, and total costs, whereas NB-IoT is superior in range, capacity, quality of service, security, and ecosystem support. Using PLN's perspective as a national electricity company in Indonesia, LoRaWAN has a Net Present Value of 23% higher than NB-IoT in the 10th year.
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT IN PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF HOAX RELATED THE 2019 ELECTIONS IN SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Rasidin Mhd. , Witro Doli , Yanti Betria Zarpina , Purwaningsih Rahma Fitria , Nurasih Wiji
Published: December 2020

The freedom of use of social media has been exploited by a number of people to distribute information that is questionable. The fake news or hoax is disseminated to lead public opinion related certain thing that is motivated by personal and group interests. In 2019, Masyarakat Telematika (Mastel) launched a survey result which stated that 34.60% of Indonesians had received hoax news every day through social media. Starting from this, the government’s role is needed to participate in filtering information circulating on social media. Through this study, the author wants to examine the role of government in preventing and assisting the society in filtering and clarifying hoax news on social media about elections in the political year. This study uses a qualitative approach that is library research. Reference materials are obtained from books, journals, research reports, magazines related to hoaxes, elections, and social media. After the data is collected, the author analyze the data using analysis techniques including data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the purpose of spreading hoaxes was to earn money and spread the ideology. The rapid development of hoaxes on social media is an urgency for the government to conduct various ways immediately to overcome this, both by increasing the capacity and security within the government and by collaborating with several expert agencies.
Preservice Science Teachers’ Perceptions towards Scientists
Authors: ŞENTÜRK Merve Lütfiye
Published: December 2020

The aim of the research is to determine the perceptions of preservice science teachers, participated course named History and Nature of Science taught with explicit-reflective approach, towards scientists. It is also to reveal the expectations of participants from the scientists in the context of social contribution. For this aim the study is planned in a phenomenological design. Participants of the study consisted of 32 science teachers who were studying in the 3rd grade. In the research process, video demonstrations, lecturing by questioning and answering methods, article review studies, activities related to the nature of science and sharing reflections about the activities were done. In this way, participants were provided with the necessary prerequisite knowledge within the scope of the study. Drawing, “A New Society” activity questions and structured interview form were used as data collection tools. Content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data obtained in the study. As a result of the analysis of the data, preservice teachers' perceptions about scientists were found to be compatible with the literature in the categories of physical and personal characteristics, study areas, working environments and social contribution of scientists. However, differently the literature, scientists' perceptions regarding their gender are perceived equally rates for women and men.
CABBAGE KALE – A NEW FUNCTIONAL FOOD PRODUCT: GROWING CONDITIONS AND REGULATION OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University., Almughraby Esraa , Kalimullin Marat Ildusovich ,   Assistant professor of the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University., Anatolyevna Antonina  Mostyakova ,   Associate professor of the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University., Timofeeva Olga Arnoldovna ,   Professor, the chairman of the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the specific effects of natural growth hormones (gibberellic acid, 10-6М and brassinolide, 10-6М) and commercial growth bio-stimulator (Novosil, 5 g/ha) on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants activities of cabbage kale plants, under different growing conditions. The treatment of growth regulators was imposed by soaking cabbage kale plant seed in various growth regulators for 24 hours. The results were recorded at 85, 115 and 145 days after planting, at +80С, 00С and -60С temperature, respectively. Among the studied growth regulators, terpenoidal compounds of Novosil and gibberellic acid improved the antioxidant activity, activating enzymatic antioxidant systems and increasing the content of carotenoids and proline in leaves of cabbage kale. The steroidal compound of brassinolide raises the content of phenolic and flavonoids compounds which increased antioxidant activities. The results obtained from the study indicated that the use of growth regulars increases the synthesis of protective compounds, which developed resistance of cabbage kale plants against adverse environmental factors and improve the biomedical properties of cabbage kale. Further, the results of the study also suggested that freezing temperatures (-60С) enhanced the protective effect of growth regulators against lipid peroxidation and their antioxidant activity.
OIL-CONTAMINATED WATER TREATMENT WITH MODIFIED ASH WOOD SAWDUST
Authors:   Аssociate Professor, Department of Chemistry and Ecology,  Naberezhnye Chelny Institute, Kazan Federal University,  Kazan, Russia., Sippel Irina Iakovlevna , Akhmetgaleeva Gulnaz Albertovna ,   Master's Degree Student, Department of chemistry and ecology,  Naberezhnye Chelny Institute, Kazan Federal University,  Kazan, Russia.
Published: December 2020

In the current scenario treatment of oil hydrocarbons contaminated surface and water is one of the most critical environmental issues. Although various treatment methods are available, among these the most effective and environmentally friendly is the sorption method of treatment. The current study is an attempt to investigate the sorption capacity of native and ultrasonically modified ash sawdust sorbents to dissolved and emulsified oil hydrocarbons from wastewater and water bodies under dynamic conditions. Further, ash sawdust (Fraxinus excelsior) formed in woodworking enterprises of the Kama region, Republic of Tatarstan, was used as sorbents. To increase the sorption capacity, wood waste was exposed to ultrasound at a frequency of 35,000 Hz for 4 hours. Results of the study revealed that wood waste has sorption capacity and sorption oil hydrocarbons from wastewater were dependent on various factors. Further, the ultrasonic treatment of wood waste has been increased the sorption capacity of wood waste by 24 percent. Under dynamic conditions, the sorption capacity of ultrasound modified ash sawdust with relation to emulsified oil products was investigated, and reported that ash sawdust has 79% cleaning efficiency. The toxicity of ultrasound-modified ash sawdust was investigated by bio testing on Daphnia magna straus and reported that the ultrasound-modified ash sawdust has acute toxicity on experimental organisms.
MODEL OF AN ISOLATED RAT HEART DURING READAPTATION AFTER HYPOKINESIA
Authors:   Department of Human Health Protection, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia, Sungatullina MiliaushaIldousovna , Zaripova RailyaIrekovna ,   Department of Human Health Protection, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia, Gainutdinov Khalil Latipovich ,   Department of Human Health Protection, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia, Mansour Nur ,   Department of Human Health Protection, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia, Ziiatdinova NafisaIlgizovna ,   Department of Human Health Protection, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia, Zefirov TimurLvovich ,   Department of Human Health Protection, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
Published: December 2020

The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of motor activity (hypokinesia) limitation on the body and organ systems. Hypokinesia contributes to changes in the work of many adaptive systems of the body, which leads to disorders in the musculoskeletal system, respiratory, muscular, and cardiovascular systems. Of particular relevance and practical interest is the effect on the body not only of hypokinesia, but also the processes during the transition from it to an active motor regime (recovery period). The study was carried out on 2 groups of white outbred rats: group 1 - animals growing under limited motor activity for 30 days, group 2 - animals in the recovery period after 30 days of hypokinesia. The study of the functional parameters of the Langendorff heart of rats (LVP, HR, CF) was carried out on the selected groups. Results of the study revealed that after 30 days of hypokinesia and 14 days recovery period, the heart rate decreased 1.2 times and the coronary flow decreased 2 times. Further, the current study has shown a tendency to restore the heart rate parameters of an isolated heart but the restoration of the coronary flow and cardiac contractility has not been identified. The result of the study suggested that 14 days is not a full-fledged period for the restoration of the functional parameters of the body. This study devoted the effect of motor activity (hypokinesia) limitation on the body and organ systems are relevant and significant.
Еvaluate the Effectiveness of Accelerated Collagen Crosslinking in the Treatment of Corneal Endothelial Decompensation
Authors: Astakhov S. Yu. , Novikov S. A. , Papanyan S. S. , Riks I. A.
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the effectiveness of accelerated collagen crosslinking in the treatment of patients with corneal diseases, a common basic pathogenetic link of which is endothelial corneal decompensation. This method was used to treat patients with bullous keratopathy and endothelial dystrophy of Fuchs’ cornea with a long postoperative follow-up. In connection with the controversial results of researchers, reflecting the positive dynamics of the postoperative period, the question of the expediency of accelerated collagen cross-linking in patients with this pathology as a monotherapy is discussed.

The study included 25 patients (26 eyes) with mean age 69.10 ± 10.61 years (40 to 82 years). There was Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy in 16 patients (17 eyes), in 9 patients (10 eyes) — stage II, in 7 patients (7 eyes) — stage III. Bullous keratopathy was present in 9 patients (9 eyes). All patients underwent treatment according to the method of accelerated collagen corneal crosslinking. In patients with bullous keratopathy (9 eyes), the data on the central thickness of the cornea and the maximum corrected visual acuity did not differ from the initial data at any of the postoperative visits, and did not differ from each other (p > 0.83). On the contrary, in some patients the dystrophic process progressed in the form of the appearance of fibrotic changes in the stroma of the cornea. Corneal transplantation was recommended to all patients under observation after treatment at different periods of observation. In patients with Fuchs endothelial dystrophy, a significant difference in the maximum corrected visual acuity from the initial data was observed only 6 months after surgery.

The expediency of accelerated collagen cross-linking in the treatment of patients with corneal diseases accompanied by endothelial decompensation as monotherapy is very doubtful. The study of combined surgical methods for treating this complex corneal pathology using cross-linking as an auxiliary method seems promising.
On Classification and Application of Monovision Technique for Excimer Laser Correction and on Possible of Preliminary Target Refraction Modeling in Patients with Primary Myopia, Astigmatism, Anisometropia and Presbyopia
Authors: Belikova E. I. , Perova T. V.
Published: December 2020

The combination of such refractive errors as high and medium astigmatism with anisometropia and presbyopia considerably reduces patients’ standard of living, first of all because methods of the correction stated are very limited. Spectacle correction is, as a rule, extremely uncomfortable or impossible in case of an anisometropia of more than 2.0 dioptres and a high degree of astigmatism; opportunities of contact lenses correction are limited in case of an astigmatism of more than 2.5 dioptres. Therefore these patients are often deprived of adequate visual rehabilitation and prefer not to use means of optical vision correction at all which considerably lowers their quality of life and can be the reason of asthenopia, violation of binocular vision and decrease in fusional reserves. This problem is aggravated with the development of a presbyopia when patients get older. The first manifestations of it reveal themselves in such patients earlier than in emmetrops, their age-mates. Excimer laser technology development has made it possible to help a large number of patients with the most severe refractive disorders, but these techniques still have significant limitations in patients with presbyopia, especially in case of a patient’s strong need for keen eyesight at a close distance. In addition, these patients require a particularly careful examination and preliminary modeling of target refraction at the planning stage of a surgical intervention, for which we use soft contact lenses in our practice. Target refraction modeling with spectacle lenses does not always allow to adequately predict the patient satisfaction with the results of correction. We consider the method of target refraction modeling using soft contact lenses to be the most accurate for this objective; it is widely used in our clinic. This technique is especially effective in patients with presbyopia, who are planning excimer laser correction of the most common types of refractive errors. The article presents a clinical case of binocular excimer laser correction of a high and medium degree compound myopic astigmatism in a patient with anisometropia and presbyopia, which was performed in two stages using LASIK (Custom Q) technology after the preliminary target refraction modeling with the use of soft contact lenses.
Variation of Concentrations of Angiotensin II, AngiotensinConverting Enzyme and Matrix Metalloprotease-9 in Tears and Serum of Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Chesnokova N. B. , Pavlenko T. A. , Okhotsimskaya T. D. , Beznos O. V. , Fadeeva V. A. , Struchkova S. V.
Published: December 2020

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is becoming more and more widespread disease. Investigation of local changes of metabolic pathways in the eye improves our knowledge about diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis and provide perspective for the development of new pathogenetically based and individually focused therapy of this disease.

Purpose of the study was to determine the concentrations of angiotensin II (AII), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) in tears and serum of patients with diabetic retinopathy, estimate their significance for the evaluation of diabetic retinopathy severity and choice of treatment.

Patients and methods. Tear and serum samples from 31 patients with diabetic retinopathy were analysed. Control group consisted of healthy volunteers of the same sex and age. Concentrations of angiotensin II, angiotensin-converting enzyme and matrix metalloprotease-9 were measured using the ELISA kits.

Results: in controls angiotensin II concentration was 9.8 ± 5.5 pg/ml, in tears — 11.8 ± 6.6 pg/ml, angiotensin-converting enzyme concentration in serum was 82.6 ± 10.9 ng/ml, in tears it was 40 times lower: 2.5 ± 0.5 ng/ml, matrix metalloprotease-9 concentration in serum was 186.3 ± 8.9 ng/ml while in tears it was 100 times lower: 2.0 ± 0.9 ng/ml. In tears of patients with diabetic retinopathy levels of all 3 substances were significantly higher than in controls. Concentration of angiotensin II was 8 times higher, angiotensin-converting enzyme concentration 5 times higher and matrix metalloprotease-9 level 3 times higher. In serum angiotensin II concentration was increased 9 times, angiotensin-converting enzyme — 2 times. No difference in serum matrix metalloprotease-9 levels was observed. Thus diabetic retinopathy cause a significant activation of local and systemic rennin-angiotensin system. Local changes are more marked than systemic. Estimation of angiotensin II, angiotensin-converting enzyme and matrix metalloprotease-9 concentrations in tears can serve as an objective test for the diabetic retinopathy diagnostic and a pathogenetic rationale for the development of a new method of therapy — topical use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Infectious Processes in Ophthalmology: Real Clinical Practice
Authors: Kovalevskaya M. A. , Donkareva O. V. , Pererva O. A.
Published: December 2020

Long-term conjunctival infections are challenging for the outpatient ophthalmologist. This is due to significant changes in microflora towards resistant gram-negative bacteria. Long-term conjunctival infections are challenging for the outpatient ophthalmologist. This is due to a significant change in microflora towards resistant gram-negative bacteria. The above studies are based on microbial associations, which are the causes of inflammatory processes, conjunctiva and cornea.

Purpose: to increase the effectiveness of the diagnosis and treatment of chronic specific inflammatory diseases of the organs of vision.

Patients and methods. The study was conducted in patients with chlamydial infection (n = 589) and included chronic conjunctival infections lasting more than 4 weeks, follow-up of patients with partners, family members for 3 or more years. Results. The study was carried out in patients with chlamydial infection (n = 589) and with chronic infectious diseases that lasted more than 4 weeks, following patients and family members for 3 or more years. During this period, we performed more than 3 studies for each patient — for diagnostic laboratory studies and 2 consecutive controls 1 and 2 months after treatment, mixed infection was detected in 256 people (10 %), the proportion of women was 20–30 years is 67 %, men — 51 %. In 27 % of cases, communities of Ch. trachomatis and Ureaplasma parvum as leading causative agents of the eye infections.

Conclusions. Chlamydia is most often found together with Ureaplasma parvum (27 % of cases among mixed infections). Treatment of various forms of chlаmidia infection is carried out with the help of “Floxal” (0.3 % ofloxacin — drops and ointment).
The Automated Expert Support System for Optic Nerve Head Morphological Description
Authors: Tanaeva E. G. , Khafizov R. G.
Published: December 2020

Purpose. To develop the automated expert support system for optic nerve head morphological description in normal conditions and in pathology.

Methods. The proposed expert support system is based on the integration algorithm of luminance samples along the diagonal, it allows to detect the optic nerve head border. On the basis of this algorithm the method for solving the following tasks of fundus image processing have been proposed: detecting of the optic nerve head border, method of the morphological description of the optic nerve head boundary, method of the determining the value of the disk excavation. An experimental study of the parameters effect on the effectiveness of the optic nerve head detecting method was made.

Results. The effectiveness assessment of the proposed border detection algorithm on the optic nerve head model has showed that the amount of overlap averaged 0.985, which indicates high quality. It was found that the algorithm for estimating the diameter of the single-sided optic nerve head image is sufficiently resistant to changes in such parameters as the influence of the noise level in the scene and the offset of the strobe center coordinates of the samples accumulation from the image center coordinates. Evaluation of the efficiency of the optic nerve head borders morphological description has showed that the value of the first-order derivative of the result of accumulation of luminance readings diagonally for images of optic nerve head with blurred boundaries is 2 times smaller than for images of optic nerve head with clear boundaries. The effectiveness of the method of selecting the border for assessment the disk excavation size was examined. It was obtained that the error in estimating the magnitude of excavation amounted to an average of 8.43 %.

Conclusions. Тhe presented expert support system allows to automate the process of optic disk morphological description, in particular, such parameters as the state of the border and the size of the disc excavation. This method can be used to create medical expert systems and software for fundus images processing.
Individual Approach to the Treatment of Complicated Forms of Blepharitis: from Theory to Practice
Authors: Drozdova E. A. , Mikhailova E. V.
Published: December 2020

High prevalence of blepharitis, multifactorial etiology and chronic course with the possibility of serious complications, including conjunctivitis, multiple chalazions, keratitis, dry eye syndrome — cause significant difficulties in the treatment of this disease. Prescribing treatment of the process only in case of exacerbation with the use of even modern antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs gives only a short-term effect.

The aim is to present the clinical features of the blepharitis of different localization and the choice of the optimal treatment algorithm on the example of specific clinical cases. The article presents current data on the classification, etiology and mechanism of blepharitis development. Based on a detailed description of two clinical cases of blepharitis, the features of the clinical course, the range of necessary examinations and consultations of specialists are presented. The first case describes blepharitis associated with the severe rosacea in a teenager with a typical complication in the form of rosacea — keratitis. The second case is devoted to the features of the posterior blepharitis clinical course with meibomian gland dysfunction, complicated by multiple chalazions. The article explains in detail the stages of prescribing various medications, including eyelid hygiene, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory therapy and artificial tears, discusses possible side effects of the therapy and ways to restore the eye surface.

Conclusion. The basis of blepharitis treatment is regular three-component eyelid hygiene. In case of exacerbation it is advisable to prescribe antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, taking into account the sensitivity and ability to destroy microbial biofilms. In order to increase patient adherence to treatment, the choice of hygiene products and moisturizing drops should take into account the tolerability of the drug and the convenience of its use.
A STUDY ON THE CALCULATIONS OF CROSS–SECTIONS FOR 66,67Ga AND 75Se RADIONUCLIDES PRODUCTION REACTIONS VIA 3He PARTICLES
Authors: KAPLAN Abdullah , ŞEKERCİ Mert , ÖZDOĞAN Hasan , DEMİR Bayram
Published: December 2020

The intend of this paper is to study on different production routes of medical 66,67Ga and 75Se radionuclides used in cancer diagnostic. Both 66,67Ga and 75Se are the most well-known radionuclides used in diagnostics of malignant and benign tumors also brain studies and scintigraphy scanning. For this purpose, production cross–section calculations of medical 66,67Ga and 75Se radionuclides have been calculated for 64Zn(3He,p)66Ga, 65Cu(3He,2n)66Ga, 65Cu(3He,n)67Ga, 66Zn(3He,n+p)67Ga, 69Ga(3He,n+a)67Ga, 76Se(3He,a)75Se, 77Se(3He,n+a)75Se reactions. In the calculations, TALYS 1.8 and ALICE/ASH computer codes have been used. The models which have been employed within the calculations are Two Component Exciton and Equilibrium of TALYS 1.8 and Hybrid and Geometry Dependent Hybrid of ALICE/ASH. The results obtained from the calculations for each reaction have been compared with other calculation results and previously recorded experimental values collected from the Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data (EXFOR) library.
Perceived Racial Discrimination and the Health of Black Youth in Ohio
Authors: Steinman Kenneth J. , Price-Spratlen Townsand , Browning Christopher
Published: December 2020

Background: Perceived racial discrimination (PRD) is known to harm youth, yet few studies use large, representative samples or study caregivers' perceptions of their children's experiences with unjust treatment. We examined how such a measure of PRD was associated with demographic characteristics as well as with physical and mental health outcomes for Black youth across Ohio.Methods: The 2019 Ohio Medicaid Assessment Survey was a complex telephone survey with a representative sample of 31 558 adults, 907 of whom completed a proxy interview for a youth in the household who was Black and age 6 to 18 years. One item from an Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) scale assessed PRD: "To the best of your knowledge, has [name] ever experienced any of the following? Treated or judged unfairly because of [her/his] race or ethnic group."Results: Weighted analyses found that PRD was more common among Black youth who were older, from higher income families, and lived in rural counties. Perceived racial discrimination was also associated with frequent mental distress and with having an emotional or behavioral problem that needs treatment or counseling. It was not associated with any physical health outcomes measured.Conclusion: Our findings resemble those from other studies that use more extensive measures of PRD. While no substitute for extensive measures, the ACEs single-item measure may expand opportunities to study PRD in subgroup analyses of larger, representative samples. Yet our findings and those from other studies already provide considerable evidence that efforts to improve Black youth's mental health should consider their experience with PRD.
Benefits of Understanding Systemic Racism in Forming Clinician-Patient Relationships to Reduce Black Infant Mortality
Authors: Gotto Michelle A. , Morello Laura , Michie Marsha
Published: December 2020

Background: The United States lags far behind other developed nations in our overall infant mortality rate. Public health researcher Arline Geronimus has described a "weathering" effect of chronic racial stress among Black women that contributes to high rates of preterm birth, the leading cause of infant death. Trusting relationships between clinicians and patients may play a role in reducing infant mortality for Black mothers. Based on a social-ecological model of health care communication around infant mortality, we focus here on doctor-patient communication and correlations between clinicians' understandings of systemic racism and their communication with Black pregnant patients.Methods: This paper reports the findings from interviews with 5 maternal health clinicians (prior to recruitment being temporarily paused due to COVID-19) practicing at Cuyahoga County hospitals that serve large populations of Black women. Qualitative coding methods based in grounded theory were used to draw out themes from interview transcripts.Results: Doctor-patient communication was an emergent theme in these interviews. Results suggest an association between clinicians' understanding of the impact of systemic racism and their ability to communicate successfully and form positive bonds with pregnant mothers who are at higher risk of infant mortality.Conclusion: Acknowledging systemic racism as the cause of poor social determinants of health, which in turn contribute to higher rates of infant mortality, may provide clinicians a pathway to more positive communication and higher levels of trust with their patients, which in turn may play a role in reducing infant mortality in the Black community. Further research should investigate these associations.
Ohio Journal of Public Health Vol. 3, Issue 3 (December 2020): Full Issue
Authors: OPHA Ohio Public Health Association
Published: December 2020

No abstract available.
Ohio Pre-college Student STEM Opportunities
Authors: Ohio Academy of Science The
Published: December 2020

No abstract available.
Back Cover
Authors: Ohio Academy of Science The
Published: December 2020

No abstract available.
Assessing the Prediction Quality of the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity Using the D3Targets-2019-nCoV Web Service
Authors: Ionov N.S. , Pogodin P.V. , Poroikov V.V.
Published: December 2020

The D3Targets-2019-nCoV web service predicting the interaction of chemical compounds with SARS-CoV-2 virus proteins and human proteins involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 by structural similarity and molecular docking was evaluated. The quality of the prediction was assessed as a balanced accuracy, which was calculated based on the results of the prediction for the structures of chemical compounds from the test set we compiled. The test set consisted of 35 active and 59 inactive molecules, including compounds with the experimetnaly confirmed absence of activity against the selected targets and compounds active against SARS-CoV-2 targets, not presented in the CoViLigands database. The authors of the analyzed web service did not indicate the thresholds for the values of the similarity score and the docking scoring function, using which it would be possible to reliably divide the compounds into active and inactive with respect to target proteins. Therefore, we assessed the balanced accuracy of the predictive methods D3Targets-2019-nCoV at various thresholds for cutting off active substances from inactive ones. Using our test set it was found that the highest value of balanced accuracy (0.59) was achieved when choosing active molecules based on the results of 2D similarity assessment (cutoff threshold was 46%). Assessment of 3D similarity did not allow achieving balanced accuracy values exceeding 0.5. It is shown that using the 2Dх3D integral similarity assessment recommended by the authors, the maximum value of the balanced accuracy 0.57 was achieved at a threshold of 31%. The calculated balanced accuracy for molecular docking results does not exceed 0.51. On the case study for the tideglusib, it was shown that the values of the scoring function for two target proteins, the activity against which was confirmed in the experiment (3CLpro and GSK3B), do not differ significantly from the values of the scoring function for the remaining 44 targets were not confirmed.
Food Safety Management Research Based on Big Data Mining
Authors:   COFCO Nutrition and Health Research Institute co., LTD. Beijing Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Health and Food Safety, Yang Xiaoyan ,   Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Nutritional Food for the Aged,   Beijing Municipal Engineering Technology Research Center for Quality and Safety of Livestock Products, Beijing, China, He Hongyou
Published: December 2020

Food is the most important thing for people. Food safety concerns thousands of families. Due to various types of food and different censoring standards, the whole food safety management system has miscellaneous food information, which is not convenient for food safety management. At any time, food safety problems may cause public panic and affect the stability of domestic food safety. And big data mining with its characteristics of diversity, hierarchy, relevance, can promote the deficiency of food safety management, the basic information of the various types of food to effectively improve the reliability of the food quality, systematic management and analysis of the security situation of monitoring and associated products, actively respond to a potential food safety issues, as the national food security escort.
The impact of the global distribution of bats on mortality in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Egorov Andrej , Romanova Julia
Published: December 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in November 2019 in China and quickly spread throughout the world causing a disease named COVID-19. An analysis of the epidemiological data on morbidity and mortality caused by SARS-CoV-2 shows that, in some countries, namely Belgium, UK, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and Spain, an increased case fatality rate (CFR) was noticed compared to the rest of the world. The CFR, calculated as the number of deaths from the total number of the cases, ranges in these countries from 10.22% to 15.8% according to the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM). At the same time, in the countries of Central and Northern Europe, this parameter varies between 3.78% and 4.94%. This significant heterogeneity in CFR between countries has not been given a convincing explanation yet. It was found that the precursor of SARS-CoV-2 is a virus circulating in bats in China. The mutations that occurred in this virus altered its receptor specificity, thereby enabling viral infection in humans. Bats are highly resistant to viral infections due to their robust interferon system and a reduced level of inflammatory reactions. Viruses replicate in these animals up to high titers without any substantial harm to their health. As a result, bats represent a large reservoir of viruses with the potential to infect other animals, including humans. The infection of people with bat (or human) betacoronaviruses can lead to the formation of memory B-cells that provide an accelerated antibody response to cross-reactive epitopes upon subsequent infection. The early emergence of neutralizing antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 patients correlates with the severity of the disease and the likelihood of a fatal outcome. The antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection/disease known for various viruses, including SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV, may be a possible cause of this phenomenon. In this article, we suggest a close connection between the distribution areas of bats carrying SARS-CoV-1-like viruses and the CFR from COVID-19.
The risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection from the administration of different classes of antibiotics and their combinations to children in an oncological hospital
Authors: Shvydkaya Mariya G. , Zatevalov Aleksandr M. , Dzhandarova Dzhamilya T. , Mitrokhin Sergey D.
Published: December 2020

Patients in pediatric oncological hospitals are at risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection in patients who are treated with antibiotics of different classes and their combinations by way of a retrospective analysis of 122 patient records. It was shown that the administration of antibacterial chemotherapeutic drugs that belong to the classes of nitrofurans (enterofuryl), sulfonamides (biseptol), cephalosporins, and macrolides/azalides significantly increased the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. On the contrary, treatment with antibiotics of different classes, such as linezolid, colistin, and metronidazole, significantly reduced the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection. The use of penicillins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, and carbapenems was not associated with the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. The administration of one or two antimicrobial drugs of different classes increased the risk of developing a Clostridium difficile infection while a combination of three different types of antimicrobial drugs lowered the rate of this infection in pediatric patients.