bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Internal Force between Dynamic Method and Equivalent Static Methods in Lecture Buildings in Yogyakarta Based on Earthquake Indonesian National Standard (SNI 1726-2019)
Authors: Ernawati Enik , Widodo Slamet
Published: August 2021

Earthquakes are events of the movement of the earth due to the sudden release of energy in the earth which is marked by the breaking of the rock layers in the earth’s crust. Indonesia is located in an earthquake-prone area where three tectonic plates meet, namely the Indo-Australian plate, the Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate. Realizing the threat of an earthquake that could occur at any time, the Indonesian government took the initiative to take measures to prevent the risk of damage to infrastructure that could occur due to an earthquake. This paper presents an analysis of the earthquake resistance of a lecture building at an educational institution in the city of Yogyakarta with the equivalent static method and the dynamic response spectrum method. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of whether construction projects that have been implemented using SNI 1726-2012 are analyzed and compared with the latest standards, namely SNI 1726-2019, whether the building construction still meets earthquake resistance. The results of the comparative analysis of the equivalent static method and the dynamic response spectrum method show that the building under study does not meet the strength and resistance to earthquakes based on SNI 1726-2019, so it is necessary to strengthen the structure of the building under study.
The Implementation of Supply Chain Management in Construction Industry
Authors: Nugroho A W , Setiawan A , Sutopo W , Wibowo M A
Published: August 2021

Supply Chain Management (SCM) of the construction is a management of resource activities and relationship between suppliers and consumers from upstream to downstream in the terms of construction services. This study focused on Small and Medium Classes of constructors in Blora. The purposes of this study were to determine the positive effect of the performance of company, to determine the positive factors of Supply Chain Management in increasing the competitiveness of the company and in the level of the customers’ satisfaction. The analysis was carried out through processing methods and path analysis was also used to analyze the data. The results show that the implementation of SCM can improve the performance and competitiveness of construction companies and it also affects the level of customers’ satisfaction.
The Old Derrick Steel Truss Structure in Linear Buckling Analysis (Eigenvalue)
Authors: Iman Miftahul
Published: August 2021

The old derrick steel truss structure had been found in imperfect structure such in some member loses and unsual bolt holes. The derrick structures were located in critical path room publics for instance the public transportation path and the electricity transmission networks. This research had a numerical model the single element linear buckling (eigenvalue) that were based on the finite element method. The derrick prototypes had been modeled in single element that had the largest axial compression load that was defined in the perfect model. The artificial circle holes were attached on the member then was defined in the imperfect model. The artificial circle hole as representative the unused bolt holes. The linear buckling analysis had been performed by utilizing the 3D frame and 3D solid idealization with the 6 buckling modes had been required. This research had also compared the single element buckling and the overall derrick structure buckling analysis. The results showed that the buckling capacity reduced due to the number of holes. The greates number had the lowest critical loads (Pcr) then had buckle early. The numerical buckling pattern had similarly with in the elastic buckling theory (Euler buckling) at every mode. The critical buckling stress was lower than the yielding stress for every models. The results also showed that the critical load of the single element was lower than the overall structure. However, considering the environmental load such in the seismic load then the overall derrick structure buckling failure had higher vulnerability than the single element buckling failure.
The Effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Building Development in Wates Campus, Yogyakarta State University
Authors: Pratama G N I P , Nagara C , Amrullah
Published: August 2021

Various developments of facilities and infrastructure have been carried out by Yogyakarta State University including the development of Vocational Campus in Wates-Kulon Progo, one of them is the Entrepreneurship Building. The development of Entrepreneurship Building in Wates campus is divided into 3 stages, from 2019 until 2021. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Building Development in Wates campus when viewed in terms of cost perspective and terms of time. The method used in this study is comparative analysis and the comparison results are tabulated and analysed descriptively. The results of the study show that the implementation of the construction for the Entrepreneurship Building in Wates campus when viewed in terms of cost perspective during 2019-2021 period is estimated total budget of IDR 43 billion, meanwhile, if the construction is carried out in one year of work to completion, it is estimated total budget of IDR 36 billion, the percentage of difference as much as 15.625%. The development of Entrepreneurship Building in Wates campus when viewed in terms of time perspective during 2019-2021 is estimated to require 330 work days, meanwhile, if the construction is carried out in one year of work to completion, it is estimated that it will require 270 work days, the percentage of difference as much as 18.182%. Based on the results of the study, the implementation of the entrepreneurship building with multi years construction project is inefficient because there is a gap in cost and time comparing to a single year, especially for the pre-construction and additional work items that appear each year of construction (multi years).
The Effect of Using PVC as A Mixed Additive Material Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course
Authors: Veranita  , Tripoli Bambang
Published: August 2021

The quality of pavement is influenced by good quality materials. Alternative materials can be used to increase the adhesion and viscosity of asphalt, including the using of latex and waste materials. The using of waste materials from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in addition to reducing environmental pollution problems is also expected to be an added material to improve the performance of asphalt. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of using PVC on the asphalt mixture. The specification refers to the Bina Marga 2018 method, by making the specimen of three variations of PVC. The variations of PVC are 3%, 4% and 6%. The results of the Marshall test showed that the optimum asphalt content was 6.5%; 5.8% and 6%. The result of 30 minutes immersion Marshall test at 3% variation is 1,367.91 kg, at 4% variation is 1,283.84 kg and 6% variation are 1,225.81 kg. The durability value for three variation is 94.75%, 92.54% and 93.85%. The using of PVC as an additive indicated that the addition of PVC to the asphalt mixture can provide better durability but the higher the PVC as a additive can reduce stability because the void in mixture is low.
The Effect of Pulp Cane Ash Filler and Concrete Waste as Replacement of Coarse Aggregate to The Marshall Characteristic on Asphalt Concrete Mixtures
Authors: Wibowo D E , Fariza N , Pramudiyanto  , Mahardi P , Prayuda H
Published: August 2021

Asphalt quality improvement efforts starts from the construction of buildings, infrastructure and roads continue to be developed. This development will increase the need for material used. This study aims to (1) determine the effect of bagasse ash filler with concrete waste as a coarse aggregate on Marshall characteristics on asphalt concrete mixture, in terms of density, VIM (void in the mix), VMA (voids in mineral aggregates), VFA (void filled with asphalt), stability, flow (melting), and MQ (Marshall quotient). (2) As well as knowing the suitability of the Marshall test results with the requirements of Bina Marga 2010. This study uses an experimental testing method implemented by making test specimens following existing standards and conditions, as well as the use of bagasse ash as filler material and concrete waste as a substitute for coarse aggregate in asphalt mixture, with a variation of the percentage using bagasse ash filler with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% content. For each treatment, three samples were made. The results of testing the concrete asphalt mixture are: (1) density 2.16 gr/cc, VIM 11.56%, VMA 17.39%, VFA 33.91%, stability 3263.92 kg, flow (melting) 2.03 mm, MQ 2353.70 kg / mm. (2) Test results for all specimens, with the addition of bagasse ash filler as asphalt mixture filler, have met the 2010 Bina Marga requirements, as a minimum requirement for the highway, with stability values of more than 800 kg and flow values between 2 mm to 4 mm.
Utilization of Coconut Shell Charcoal to Improve Bearing Capacity of Clay as Subgrade for Road Pavement
Authors: Andriani  , Yuliet Rina , Permana Dwiki
Published: August 2021

Road construction on clay causes many problems with road damage because clay has a low bearing capacity and a large swelling value. The soil stabilization method was used to improve clay soil characteristics by adding cement, lime, fly ash, or other stabilizing agents. One of the stabilizing agents used in this study is coconut shell charcoal. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adding coconut shell charcoal to the CBR value and the swelling index on clay soil. In this study, the coconut shell charcoal used was 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% of the dry weight of the soil. The samples used were disturbed soil, and the curing period was 7 days. Testing the physical and mechanical properties of the soil (CBR and Swelling test) refers to the ASTM Standard. The results showed that the addition of coconut shell charcoal by 4% increased the bearing capacity and reduced the swelling index. An optimal CBR value of 14.69% was obtained for the addition of coconut shell charcoal by 4% with the unsoaked condition with a 7-day curing period. Whereas in the soaked soil condition, the optimal CBR value is 8.53% and the swelling value is 0.24%. Increasing the CBR value and decreasing the swelling value will cause the road construction layer to be more stable in supporting the load.
Tsunami Hazard Potential Modeling as Tourism Development Considerations in the North of Lombok Strait
Authors: Wibowo M , Kongko W , Hendriyono W , Karima S
Published: August 2021

Currently, the central government and provincial governments of Bali and West Nusa Tenggara are promoting tourism development in North Bali and North Lombok. In the development of tourism, besides consider the potential of existing tourism objects, the economy, and its supporting facilities, the potential threats of disasters must also be considered. Based on historical records, one of the potential disasters in northern Bali and Lombok is a tsunami. This study aims to determine the height and the arrival time of the tsunami along the northern coasts of Bali and Lombok. This study was carried out by simulation and numerical modeling, using the TUNAMI Model. Modeling was carried out for 2 hypothetical scenarios caused by an earthquake from the Flores Back-arc Thrust. Base on this model, it is known that the height of tsunami on Trawangan Island is ± 6 m with an arrival time of ± 3 minutes, while on the north coast of Bali the height of the tsunami is ± 0.6 m with an arrival time of ± 21 minutes. The arrival times of the tsunami on the north coast of Bali and Lombok are so fast.
Evaluation of Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Campus Drainage System Using Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model 5.1 (EPA SWMM 5.1)
Authors: Harianti M , Sulaiman M
Published: August 2021

The drainage system is an infrastructure which controls the water to prevent the flood and to maintain the public health. There are two concepts of the drainage system, conventional drainage and eco drainage. Universitas Gadjah Mada still using the concept of conventional drainage. In this final project, the writer evaluates the drainage system at Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta using EPA SWMM 5.1 software. The methodology used by the author is the research methods used in this final project are interviews, observation, participation, and literature. The analysis using in this final project are hydrology analysis, land-use analysis, hydraulic analysis, and management and maintenance analysis. The evaluation of the drainage system will use the calculation of the area is based on the location of the rain station with the calculated average method. Hydrology analysis using frequency analysis and SCS-CN rainfall effective method. Land-use change analysis in the Universitas Gadjah Mada area. Hydraulic analysis using EPA SWMM 5.1, and the management and maintenance analysis of drainage system of Gadjah Mada University. Based on the result of the simulation scenario, installation of the low impact development using permeable pavement that provides a significantly reduced runoff. The runoff coefficient using permeable pavement is 0,23. The peak of runoff using permeable pavement is very slowest than another. Permeable pavement installation is considered very effective.
The Effect of Check Dam Stones Installation and Gabions with Combination Variations in River Bends Using a Laboratory Model Test
Authors: Hidayat N , Purwantoro D , Khoirudin Nur A
Published: August 2021

Scour or landslide has been a frequent problem at river bends. The common protection for this area is an installation of check dam stones at 90° and gabions at 45° at the outer cliffs of the channel. This study aims at determining the effect of variations in the placement of check dam stones and gabions on river bends through an experimental test of the hydraulic model. It used a river model flume with a curve length of 5 m, a width of 0.8 m, a height of 0.5 m, and a constant flow rate of 7.07 lt/sec. Variation of placement was done twice with the first variation of 3 check dam stones, 4 gabions, 3 check dam stones, and the second variation of 3 gabions, 4 check dam stones, 3 gabions. The test results showed that the scour in variation 1 for STA 01 was −0.8 cm, STA 11 was −0.4 cm, STA 19 was −2.3 cm, respectively. The analysis results indicate that it is effective to use check dam stones for STA 00 to STA 07, gabions for STA 08 to STA 17, but STA 18 to STA 24 is not effective using check dam stones.
Management of Water Resources in Wetlands (Muarajambi Watershed Case Study)
Authors: Siregar S M
Published: August 2021

In Muarajambi temple, there was founding of good water resources, such as surface water and ground water resources. The local people in Muarajambi have managed water resources both inside and outside of the Muarajambi complex. The problem is how to describe the management of water resources in the Muarajambi area. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of water resources management in the Muarajambi area by analyzing the distribution, form, function from the management of water resources in Muarajambi area. The results performed that the water resources in Muarajambi area were spread over a fluvial landscape with a height of 0-20 meters above sea. The water resources consist of surface water resources and ground water sources. There are natural and artificial surface water resources. Natural surface water resources consist of rivers, lakes and swamps and artificial water resources consist of canals, ponds and ditches. The resource of ground water is a well which was made by human contains a spring inside. The management of water resource is divided into 3 (three), namely at the micro, messo and macro scales. Micro management of water resources is making of water holes in the temple building, ponds and wells in the yard of temple. Messo scale management of water resources is the construction of a pond in the yard of the temple and the making of a trench around the temple. Macro scale management is the creation of canals (artificial rivers) between temples. The function from management of water resources in Muarajambi area is a drainage (channel for regulating water into and out of the temple building), as a water storage area during the rainy season, as a means of daily needs and ritual needs (ponds and wells) and means of transportation between temples (river and canals)
A Study to Improve Effectiveness of the Solid Waste Management in the City of Banjar, West Java Province
Authors: Triweko R W , Ledi J U , Asri D S
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is to assess the development of the municipal solid waste management in the City of Banjar, West Java Province. Municipal solid waste management in the City of Banjar has been developed as a system that is expected to implement the 3R concept of reduce, reuse, recycle. However, implementation of the 3R concept through solid waste sorting and composting as well as the service coverage are still very low. Effectiveness of the municipal solid waste management in the City of Banjar could be improved by gradually increasing solid waste sorting, organic waste composting, and the level of service. Improving solid waste sorting from 5% to 70% will produced recycled goods from 16 to 687 ton/month in 2030. Increasing the level of organic waste composting from 5% to 90% will increase the compost production from 35 to 1,905 ton/month, respectively. As a result, the volume of solid waste hauled to final disposal site which increases from 1,129 to 1,440 ton/month in 2026, will gradually decrease to 1,008 ton/month in 2030. It can be concluded that improving effectiveness will result sustainable solid waste management in the City of Banjar.
Analysis of Tsunami Disaster Risk for a Petroleum Refinery Plant at Tsunami Prone Area
Authors: Istiyanto D C , Kongko W , Prijambodo T , Wibowo M , Nugroho S , Murtiaji C , Azis H , Kustiyanto E , Irfani M
Published: August 2021

A Petroleum Refinery Plant is located in the tsunami prone area at the southern coast of Central Java, Indonesia. The potential mega thrust earthquake, along subduction zone of southern coast of Java, has been identified to have moment magnitude as maximum as Mw = 8.7. The worst scenario due to this earthquake will potentially generate 5.3m to 8.6m tsunami height along the coast within 30 minutes and will inundate one to two kilometres inland of the refinery complex. In this regard, a comprehensive investigation on potential tsunami hazard, level of vulnerability, and tsunami risk potential were carried out. The investigation includes collection and analysis data of detailed topography, bathymetry, land covering and land use, availability of protective structure as well as disaster contingency plan, field ground check data verification, awareness questionnaire, etc. The investigation output includes numerical tsunami inundation simulation, tsunami hazard index, vulnerability index, capacity index, and tsunami risk index for all area of refinery unit. It is concluded that: 1) the main location of refinery complex with considerable numbers of tanks is vulnerable to high tsunami hazard index, and 2) the capacity index in all area are mostly between low to mid-level.
Numerical Study of MXene Enhanced Therminol®VP-1 Nanofluid for Solar Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Li Xueling , Li Yichao , Li Renfu
Published: August 2021

Effective and efficient utilization of solar energy is highly demanded in the energy industry. Herein, based on the excellent optical properties of MXene, an MXene enhanced therminol®VP-1 nanofluid is proposed for direct absorption solar collector to efficiently absorb solar radiation. The nanofluid is experimentally prepared and characterized. Subsequently, the influence of mass fraction of MXene, collector height, and working temperature on the collecting efficiency of the nanofluid in DASCs is numerically investigated. The results show that even with a low mass loading such as 50 ppm, MXene enhanced therminol®VP-1 nanofluid still can effectively absorbs solar spectrum. The intercept efficiency of 50ppm nanofluid is 83.32%, which is higher by 20.48% than that of therminol®VP-1. The efficiency is strongly affected by collector height and MXene content and first increases and then decreases with increasing the mass loading of MXene. Moreover, the best content of MXene gradually decreases with the increase of the collector height. These findings suggest that MXene enhanced therminol®VP-1 nanofluid has promising prospects to achieve efficient solar photothermal conversion.
Theoretical Investigation of Combustion and Performance Analysis of Diesel Engine under Low Load Conditions
Authors: Mustayen A G M B , Wang X , Rasul M G , Hamilton JM , Negnevitsky M
Published: August 2021

Diesel engine is using prominently in islands and remote areas due to its reliability and stability for power generation. In recent years, most of the isolated power systems (e.g., islands and remote areas) have integrated renewable energies to reduce both the cost and pollution in diesel power generating system. However, due to intermittent and stochastic behaviour of renewable sources (e.g., solar and wind), it is unable to eliminate diesel generation entirely. In that case, low-load diesel operation (operation < 30% of maximum rated load) is particularly relevant for its ability to support higher levels of renewable penetration. In this paper, a thermodynamic model was developed using MATLAB for diesel engine combustion and performance. This model includes sub models such as heat release rate, heat transfer, double-Wiebe function, and ignition delay correlation. Engine thermal efficiency (TE), brake power (BP), indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) has been taken into consideration for performance analysis. The simulation results show that at 25% load, in-cylinder pressure and temperature are 168 bar and 2300 K which are the cause of lower heat release rate (74 J/deg) and longer ignition delay (0.25 ∼0.5 ms higher than that of conventional mode) and significantly responsible for lower efficiency (18%), brake power (4kW) and higher brake specific fuel consumption (1.2 g/kWh).
New probability distribution describing emergence in state space
Authors: Pazuki Roozbeh H , Jensen Henrik Jeldtoft
Published: August 2021

We revisit the pairing model of state spaces with new emergent states introduced in (J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
51 375 002, 2018). We facilitate our analysis by introducing a simplified pairing model consisting of balls able to form pairs but without any internal structure. For both the simplified and the original model we compute exactly the probability distribution for observing a state with n

p
pairs. We show this distribution satisfies a large deviation principle with speed

n
ln
(
n
)

. We present closed form expressions for a variety of statistical quantities including moments and marginal distributions.
An AI-assisted chatbot for radiation safety education in radiotherapy
Authors: Kovacek David , Chow James C L
Published: August 2021

Purpose. We created a virtual assistant chatbot that will serve as a tool for radiation safety training for clinical staff, including radiation oncologist, radiotherapist and medical physicist, in cancer treatment. The Bot can also be used to test their knowledge on radiation safety. Methods. The Bot was constructed using IBM’s Watson Assistant functionalities on the IBM cloud. A layered structure approach was used in the workflow of the Bot to interact with the user. Through answering various questions concerning radiation safety in radiotherapy, the users can learn the essential information to gain knowledge, when working in a cancer centre/hospital. Results. The user interface of the Bot was a front-end window operating on Internet, which could easily be accessed by any Internet-of-things such as smartphone, tablet or laptop. The Bot could communicate with the user for radiation safety Q&A. If the Bot could not identify what the user needed, the Bot would provide a list of options as a guidance. Using the natural language processing in communication, knowledge transfer from the Bot to user could be carried out. Conclusion. It is concluded that the radiation safety chatbot worked as intended, utilizing all the tools provided by the IBM Watson Assistant. The Bot could provide radiation safety information to the radiation staff effectively, and be used in staff training in radiotherapy.
Connecting a direct and a Galerkin approach to slow manifolds in infinite dimensions
Authors: Engel Maximilian , Hummel Felix , Kuehn Christian
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we study slow manifolds for infinite-dimensional evolution equations. We compare two approaches: an abstract evolution equation framework and a finite-dimensional spectral Galerkin approximation. We prove that the slow manifolds constructed within each approach are asymptotically close under suitable conditions. The proof is based upon Lyapunov-Perron methods and a comparison of the local graphs for the slow manifolds in scales of Banach spaces. In summary, our main result allows us to change between different characterizations of slow invariant manifolds, depending upon the technical challenges posed by particular fast-slow systems.
The biochemical composition of the actomyosin network sets the magnitude of cellular traction forces
Authors: Kollimada Somanna , Senger Fabrice , Vignaud Timothée , Théry Manuel , Blanchoin Laurent , Kurzawa Laëtitia
Published: August 2021

The endogenous content of proteins associated with force production and the resultant traction forces were quantified in the same cells using a new traction force-microscopy assay. Focal adhesion size correlated with force in stationary cells. Relative numbers of motors and cross-linkers per actin required an optimum to maximize cell force production.
Dynamical Modeling as a Tool for Inferring Causation
Authors: Ackley Sarah F , Lessler Justin , Glymour M Maria
Published: August 2021

Dynamical models, commonly used in infectious disease epidemiology, are formal mathematical representations of time-changing systems or processes. For many chronic disease epidemiologists, the link between dynamical models and predominant causal inference paradigms is unclear. In this commentary, we explain the use of dynamical models for representing causal systems and the relevance of dynamical models for causal inference. In certain simple settings, dynamical modeling and conventional statistical methods (e.g., regression-based methods) are equivalent, but dynamical modeling has advantages over conventional statistical methods for many causal inference problems. Dynamical models can be used to transparently encode complex biological knowledge, interference and spillover, effect modification, and variables that influence each other in continuous time. As our knowledge of biological and social systems and access to computational resources increases, there will be growing utility for a variety of mathematical modeling tools in epidemiology.
Evolutionary and biogeographical support for species-specific proteins in lizard chemical signals
Authors: Mangiacotti Marco , Baeckens Simon , Scali Stefano , Martín José , Van Damme Raoul , Sacchi Roberto
Published: August 2021

The species-specific components of animal signals can facilitate species recognition and reduce the risks of mismatching and interbreeding. Nonetheless, empirical evidence for species-specific components in chemical signals is scarce and mostly limited to insect pheromones. Based on the proteinaceous femoral gland secretions of 36 lizard species (Lacertidae), we examine the species-specific component potential of proteins in lizard chemical signals. By quantitative comparison of the one-dimensional electrophoretic patterns of the protein fraction from femoral gland secretions, we first reveal that the protein composition is species specific, accounting for a large part of the observed raw variation and allowing us to discriminate species on this basis. Secondly, we find increased protein pattern divergence in sympatric, closely related species. Thirdly, lizard protein profiles show a low phylogenetic signal, a recent and steep increase in relative disparity and a high rate of evolutionary change compared with non-specifically signal traits (i.e. body size and shape). Together, these findings provide support for the species specificity of proteins in the chemical signals of a vertebrate lineage.
Biallelic PI4KA variants cause neurological, intestinal and immunological disease
Authors: Salter Claire G , Cai Yiying , Lo Bernice , Helman Guy , Taylor Henry , McCartney Amber , Leslie Joseph S , Accogli Andrea , Zara Federico , Traverso Monica , Fasham James , Lees Joshua A , Ferla Matteo P , Chioza Barry A , Wenger Olivia , Scott Ethan , Cross Harold E , Crawford Joanna , Warshawsky Ilka , Keisling Matthew , Agamanolis Dimitris , Ward Melver Catherine , Cox Helen , Elawad Mamoun , Marton Tamas , Wakeling Matthew N , Holzinger Dirk , Tippelt Stephan , Munteanu Martin , Valcheva Deyana , Deal Christin , Van Meerbeke Sara , Walsh Vockley Catherine , Butte Manish J , Acar Utkucan , van der Knaap Marjo S , Korenke G Christoph , Kotzaeridou Urania , Balla Tamas , Simons Cas , Uhlig Holm H , Crosby Andrew H , De Camilli Pietro , Wolf Nicole I , Baple Emma L
Published: August 2021

Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIα (PI4KIIIα/PI4KA/OMIM:600286) is a lipid kinase generating phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), a membrane phospholipid with critical roles in the physiology of multiple cell types. PI4KIIIα’s role in PI4P generation requires its assembly into a heterotetrameric complex with EFR3, TTC7 and FAM126. Sequence alterations in two of these molecular partners, TTC7 (encoded by TTC7A or TCC7B) and FAM126, have been associated with a heterogeneous group of either neurological (FAM126A) or intestinal and immunological (TTC7A) conditions.

Here we show that biallelic PI4KA sequence alterations in humans are associated with neurological disease, in particular hypomyelinating leukodystrophy. In addition, affected individuals may present with inflammatory bowel disease, multiple intestinal atresia and combined immunodeficiency. Our cellular, biochemical and structural modelling studies indicate that PI4KA-associated phenotypical outcomes probably stem from impairment of PI4KIIIα-TTC7-FAM126's organ-specific functions, due to defective catalytic activity or altered intra-complex functional interactions.

Together, these data define PI4KA gene alteration as a cause of a variable phenotypical spectrum and provide fundamental new insight into the combinatorial biology of the PI4KIIIα-FAM126-TTC7-EFR3 molecular complex.
Neuropathology in the North American sudden unexpected death in epilepsy registry
Authors: Leitner Dominique F , Faustin Arline , Verducci Chloe , Friedman Daniel , William Christopher , Devore Sasha , Wisniewski Thomas , Devinsky Orrin
Published: August 2021

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is the leading category of epilepsy-related death and the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Risk factors can include a recent history and high frequency of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, which can depress brain activity postictally, impairing respiration, arousal and protective reflexes. Neuropathological findings in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy cases parallel those in other epilepsy patients, with no implication of novel structures or mechanisms in seizure-related deaths. Few large studies have comprehensively reviewed whole brain examination of such patients. We evaluated 92 North American Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy Registry cases with whole brain neuropathological examination by board-certified neuropathologists blinded to the adjudicated cause of death, with an average of 16 brain regions examined per case. The 92 cases included 61 sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (40 definite, 9 definite plus, 6 probable, 6 possible) and 31 people with epilepsy controls who died from other causes. The mean age at death was 34.4 years and 65.2% (60/92) were male. The average age of death was younger for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy cases than for epilepsy controls (30.0 versus 39.6 years; P = 0.006), and there was no difference in sex distribution respectively (67.3% male versus 64.5%, P = 0.8). Among sudden unexpected death in epilepsy cases, earlier age of epilepsy onset positively correlated with a younger age at death (P = 0.0005) and negatively correlated with epilepsy duration (P = 0.001). Neuropathological findings were identified in 83.7% of the cases in our cohort. The most common findings were dentate gyrus dysgenesis (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy 50.9%, epilepsy controls 54.8%) and focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) (sudden unexpected death in epilepsy 41.8%, epilepsy controls 29.0%). The neuropathological findings in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy paralleled those in epilepsy controls, including the frequency of total neuropathological findings as well as the specific findings in the dentate gyrus, findings pertaining to neurodevelopment (e.g. FCD, heterotopias) and findings in the brainstem (e.g. medullary arcuate or olivary dysgenesis). Thus, like prior studies, we found no neuropathological findings that were more common in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy cases. Future neuropathological studies evaluating larger sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and control cohorts would benefit from inclusion of different epilepsy syndromes with detailed phenotypic information, consensus among pathologists particularly for more subjective findings where observations can be inconsistent, and molecular approaches to identify markers of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy risk or pathogenesis.
Longhorned Beetle Functional Diversity in Response to Biomass Harvesting
Authors: Holland Jeffrey D
Published: August 2021

Woody debris left after timber harvest may be used to produce bioenergy. This will help reduce reliance on nonrenewable fossil fuels. There are ecological impacts to the use of this woody material as many species use coarse woody debris for food and shelter. An understanding of how the removal of woody biomass after forest harvest changes the functional diversity of forest communities is needed to make sustainable management decisions. Many longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) provide ecosystem services by reducing woody debris in forests and pollinating flowering plants including trees. I used a taxonomically and functionally diverse community of longhorned beetles to examine changes to functional diversity following different levels of biomass removal in a secondary forest in south-central Indiana, USA. The functional diversity was measured prior to forest harvest and biomass removal and for 2 yr after treatment. I predicted that the abundance and functional group richness of the longhorned beetles would correlate positively with the volume of woody biomass left on the site, and that the community would show resilience by returning to the functional portfolio that was in place in the pre-harvest communities and occurred in the control. The abundance and functional group richness increased with more woody debris left on site. There was much variance in the trajectory of the community following harvest, with no clear trend toward pre-harvest functional portfolio that would indicate resilience. A 3-yr study is likely not long enough to capture this resilience, especially on sensitive sites.
Understanding Ethnolinguistic Differences: The Roles of Geography and Trade
Authors: Dickens Andrew
Published: August 2021

I study the role of trade on inter-ethnic linguistic differences in the long run. I hypothesise that the geographic environment of neighbouring ethnic groups determines their potential gains from trade, and that the frequency of inter-ethnic trade—and resulting social interactions—shape the co-evolution of language. As a test of this hypothesis, I build a georeferenced dataset to examine the border region of spatially adjacent ethnic groups, together with variation in the set of potentially cultivatable crops at the onset of the Columbian Exchange, to identify how variation in land productivity impacts linguistic differences between adjacent ethnic groups. I find that ethnic groups separated across geographic regions with high variation in land productivity are more similar in language than groups separated across more homogeneous regions. I develop a model to theoretically ground this link between land productivity variation and inter-ethnic trade, and provide empirical evidence in support of this mechanism, including direct evidence of a causal link between land productivity variation and an ethnic group’s reliance on trade for food and subsistence in pre-modern times.
Health workforce protection and preparedness during the COVID-19 pandemic: a tool for the rapid assessment of EU health systems
Authors: Kuhlmann Ellen , Brînzac Monica-Georgiana , Burau Viola , Correia Tiago , Ungureanu Marius-Ionut
Published: August 2021

This article is dedicated to the WHO International Year of Health and Care Workers in 2021 in recognition of their commitment during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to strengthen health workforce preparedness, protection and ultimately resilience during a pandemic. We argue for a health system approach and introduce a tool for rapid comparative assessment based on integrated multi-level governance. We draw on secondary sources and expert information, including material from Denmark, Germany, Portugal and Romania. The results reveal similar developments across countries: action has been taken to improve physical protection, digitalization and prioritization of healthcare worker vaccination, whereas social and mental health support programmes were weak or missing. Developments were more diverse in relation to occupational and organizational preparedness: some ad-hoc transformations of work routines and tasks were observed in all countries, yet skill-mix innovation and collaboration were strongest in Demark and weak in Portugal and Romania. Major governance gaps exist in relation to education and health integration, surveillance, social and mental health support programmes, gendered issues of health workforce capacity and integration of migrant healthcare workers (HCW). There is a need to step up efforts and make health systems more accountable to the needs of HCW during global public health emergencies.
The Development of Life Goals Across the Adult Life Span
Authors: Buchinger Laura , Richter David , Heckhausen Jutta
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Life goals are important organizing units for individual agency in development. On a societal level, they align with age-normative developmental tasks; on the individual level, they guide people’s attempts at shaping their own development. This study investigates the development of life goals across the adult life span with a focus on differences regarding gender, parental status, education, and region.

Method

Using longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel study (N = 52,052, age range: 18–84 years), we estimated the developmental trajectories of importance ratings for 9 life goals across the adult life span using multiple-group latent growth curve modeling.

Results

Having a happy relationship or marriage, having children, and being there for others are the life goals rated as most important across almost the entire adult life span. Having a happy relationship or marriage differed strongly by gender. Up to middle adulthood it was more important for women, but more important for men in late adulthood. Parental status amplified gender differences in the work and family domain. Low education was associated with a higher perceived importance of being there for others. The largest regional differences (East vs. West) were found for home ownership.

Discussion

Although the importance of some life goal trajectories reflects typical age-grading in developmental tasks, other life goals (e.g., having children) remain important even after goal attainment or after developmental deadlines have passed.
The optimal correlation detector?
Authors: Gibbons Steven J
Published: August 2021

Correlation detectors are now used routinely in seismology to detect occurrences of signals bearing close resemblance to a reference waveform. They facilitate the detection of low-amplitude signals in significant background noise that may elude detection using energy detectors, and they associate a detected signal with a source location. Many seismologists use the fully normalized correlation coefficient C between the template and incoming data to determine a detection. This is in contrast to other fields with a longer tradition for matched filter detection where the theoretically optimal statistic C2 is typical. We perform a systematic comparison between the detection statistics C and C|C|, the latter having the same dynamic range as C2 but differentiating between correlation and anticorrelation. Using a database of short waveform segments, each containing the signal on a 3-component seismometer from one of 51 closely spaced explosions, we attempt to detect P- and S-phase arrivals for all events using short waveform templates from each explosion as reference signals. We present empirical statistics of both C and C|C| traces and demonstrate that C|C| detects confidently a higher proportion of the signals than C without evidently increasing the likelihood of triggering erroneously. We recall from elementary statistics that C2, also called the coefficient of determination, represents the fraction of the variance of one variable which can be explained by another variable. This means that the fraction of a segment of our incoming data that could be explained by our signal template decreases almost linearly with C|C| but diminishes more rapidly as C decreases. In most situations, replacing C with C|C| in operational correlation detectors may improve the detection sensitivity without hurting the performance-gain obtained through network stacking. It may also allow a better comparison between single-template correlation detectors and higher order multiple-template subspace detectors which, by definition, already apply an optimal detection statistic.
Protective effects of a small molecule inhibitor ligand against hyperphosphorylated tau-induced mitochondrial and synaptic toxicities in Alzheimer disease
Authors: Pradeepkiran Jangampalli Adi , Munikumar Manne , Reddy Arubala P , Reddy P Hemachandra
Published: August 2021

The purpose of our study is to understand the protective effects of small molecule ligands for phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression. Many reports show evidence that phosphorylated tau is reported to be an important contributor to the formation of paired helical filaments (PHFs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in AD neurons. In AD, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β), cyclin-dependent kinase-5 and dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), are the three important kinases responsible for tau hyperphosphorylation. Currently, there are no drugs and/or small molecules that reduce the toxicity of phosphorylated tau in AD. In the present study, we rationally selected and validated small molecule ligands that bind to the phosphorylated tau at SER23 (Ser 285) and TYR44 (Tyr310). We also assessed the molecular dynamics and validated molecular docking sites for the three best ligands. Based on the best docking scores −8.09, −7.9 and −7.8 kcal/mol, we found that ligand 1 binds to key hyperphosphorylation residues of phosphorylated tau that inhibit abnormal PHF-tau, DYRK1A and GKS3β that reduce phosphorylated tau levels in AD. Using biochemical, molecular, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analyses, we studied the ligand 1 inhibition as well as mitochondrial and synaptic protective effects in immortalized primary hippocampal neuronal (HT22) cells. We found interactions between NAT10-262501 (ligand 1) and phosphorylated tau at key phosphorylation sites and these ligand-based inhibitions decreased PHF-tau, DYRK1A and GSK3β levels. We also found increased mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion and synaptic activities and reduced mitochondrial fission in ligand 1-treated mutant tau HT22 cells. Based on these results, we cautiously conclude that phosphorylated tau NAT10-262501 (ligand 1) reduces hyperphosphorylation of tau based GKS3β and CDK5 kinase regulation in AD, and aids in the maintenance of neuronal structure, mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis with a possible therapeutic drug target for AD.
Seal interactions and exits from fisheries: insights from the Baltic Sea cod fishery
Authors: Blomquist Johan , Waldo Staffan
Published: August 2021

The number of seals in the Baltic Sea has increased dramatically in recent years. While growing seal populations are associated with a thriving marine environment, seals interact with coastal fisheries causing significant damages to catches and gears. One fishery that is severely affected is the coastal cod fishery where the negative impact of seals is believed by many to threaten the existence of the fishery. This article empirically investigates to what extent seal damages can explain the declining number of fishing vessels active in the Baltic Sea coastal cod fishery. The analysis makes use of detailed logbook data and statistical survival models to estimate the effect of seal interactions with fishing gears on the exit probability of vessels in the Swedish cod fishery. The results show that seal interactions is an important factor explaining exits, suggesting that total losses caused by seals go beyond observed costs of broken gears and damaged catches.
Polarization Between the Rich and the Poor? The Dynamics and Structure of Redistributive Preferences in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Romero-Vidal Xavier , Van Hauwaert Steven M
Published: August 2021

Citizens’ support for redistribution varies largely between and within countries. An important empirical challenge in this field is the scarcity of comparative data, which this study overcomes by designing a novel time-series cross-sectional dataset that spans more than three decades in seven European countries. Using nearly 300 surveys and a dyadic ratios algorithm, we estimate aggregate redistributive preferences for each country, as well as for population strata within countries based on household income. We then ask to what extent support for redistribution varies across the rich and the poor. We find that citizens are not systematically becoming more reluctant toward or more supportive of redistribution. While redistributive preferences of the rich and the poor do not strictly move in parallel, there is no polarization between the two. Moreover, both the demand for redistribution and the preference gap between the rich and the poor evolve in a cyclical way.