bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cancers évitables
Authors: Billaud Marc , Castets Marie , Trautmann Alain , Sujobert Pierre
Published: May 2023

En France, une partie des 40 % de cancers évitables peut être attribuée aux habitudes de vie. Les données épidémiologiques révèlent que les expositions professionnelles et domestiques à des substances cancérogènes sont aussi responsables d’une fraction significative de ces cancers. Pourtant, en dépit de ces évidences, les actions de prévention promues par les pouvoirs publics se focalisent sur le changement des comportements individuels. Dans cet article, nous cherchons à comprendre les raisons de l’effacement de la place des facteurs socio-environnementaux des discours portant sur la prévention des cancers.
Pasteur et l’entrée du vin dans la modernité scientifique
Authors: Moulin Anne-Marie
Published: May 2023

Dans l’œuvre de Louis Pasteur, les travaux sur le vin sont peut-être les moins étudiés. Pasteur y révèle pourtant ses différentes facettes. Chimiste décidé à élucider les mécanismes de la fermentation alcoolique, il a en tête l’amélioration de la production et de la qualité des vins destinés à l’exportation. Il est aussi un homme de terroir gardant un lien avec le savoir-faire des vignerons et une tradition empirique de dégustation, et un enseignant dévoué à ses étudiants. Cet article explore l’impact des méthodes pasteuriennes sur l’amélioration et la conservation des crus, et l’avenir de la pasteurisation. Il s’interroge pour finir sur le rôle des études sur le vin dans l’élaboration de la théorie microbienne des maladies humaines.
Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Method Based on Combination of Meteorological Features and CatBoost
Authors: MOU Xingyu , CHEN Hui , ZHANG Xinjing , XU Xin , YU Qingbo , LI Yunfeng
Published: May 2023

As one of the hot topics in the field of new energy, short-term wind power prediction research should pay attention to the impact of meteorological characteristics on wind power while improving the prediction accuracy. Therefore, a short-term wind power prediction method based on the combination of meteorological features and CatBoost is presented. Firstly, morgan-stone algebras and sure independence screening(MS-SIS) method is designed to filter the meteorological features, and the influence of the meteorological features on the wind power is explored. Then, a sort enhancement algorithm is designed to increase the accuracy and calculation efficiency of the method and reduce the prediction risk of a single element. Finally, a prediction method based on CatBoost network is constructed to further realize short-term wind power prediction. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) dataset is used for experimental analysis. The results show that the short-term wind power prediction method based on the combination of meteorological features and CatBoost not only improve the prediction accuracy of short-term wind power, but also have higher calculation efficiency.
Selbstmanagement beim Lymphödem
Authors: Niemann Heike , Helmbrecht Susanne
Published: May 2023

Selbstmanagement beim Lymphödem ohne ausreichenden und fachlich richtigen Input von außen kann nicht funktionieren. Denn falsche Vorstellungen oder falsche „Hinweise“ aus sozialen Medien führen häufig zum Aufgeben, da keine ausreichenden Erfolge erzielt werden. Doch was gehört zum Selbstmanagement?
Venöse Gefäßerkrankungen
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: May 2023

Der überwiegende Teil der erwachsenen Bevölkerung, nämlich etwa 90 % der zwischen 18- und 79-Jährigen, weist venöse Veränderungen auf. Manche Veränderungen im Venensystem haben nur kosmetische Relevanz, andere können jedoch einen chronischen Verlauf mit weitreichenden Folgen nehmen. Von großer Bedeutung ist die chronisch-venöse Insuffizienz (CVI), eine chronische venöse Hypertonie der Beine, die mit Venen- und Hautveränderung einhergeht. Das Ulcus cruris venosum stellt die schwerste Form dieser Erkrankung dar.
Cholesterinsenker im Wandel
Authors: Wendland Matthias
Published: May 2023

80 % des Cholesterins produziert der Körper selbst in der Leber, unter anderem als Baustein von Gallensäuren, Vitamin D, Zellmembranen und Hormonen. Durch übermäßige Aufnahme im Rahmen moderner Ernährung kann der Spiegel jedoch unkontrolliert ansteigen und zu Arteriosklerose führen. Klassische und gebräuchlichste Medikamente sind die Statine (CSE-Hemmer), Cholesterin-Resorptionshemmer (Ezetimib) und Ionenaustauscherharze (Colestyramin). Allerdings kamen in den letzten Jahren weitere interessante Wirkstoffe hinzu, darunter ACL-Inhibitoren (Bempedoinsäure), Antikörper (Alirocumab, Evolocumab) und RNA-Therapeutika (Inclisiran). Neben gesunder Ernährung und Lebensweise tragen auch Phytosterine, Vitamin D und Coenzym Q10 (mildert Statinnebenwirkungen) zu einer Verbesserung bei.
Pflanzliche Hilfe für das kleine Becken
Authors: Wanitschek Anne
Published: May 2023

Eine, meist vegetativ bedingte, Minderdurchblutung des kleinen Beckens der Frau kann zu Beschwerden wie Libidomangel, Menstruationsstörungen, Vaginaltrockenheit und Unfruchtbarkeit führen. Dies zeigt sich iridologisch unter anderem mit dunklem Hautring, Lakunen und charakteristischen Abdunkelungen. Heilpflanzen unterstützen in unterschiedlichen Zubereitungen die Beckendurchblutung, Blutbildung, Parasympathikus- und Uterusaktivität, Entspannung, Lust, Östrogen- und Progesteronproduktion. Im vorgestellten Fall wurden Fruchtbarkeitsstörungen in Verbindung mit Stressbeschwerden und Hypothyreose mit Phytotherapeutika und Probiotika erfolgreich und bis zum erfüllten Kinderwunsch behandelt.
Die Perspektive von Stakeholdern auf Nutzende von Pflegerobotik an
der Intersektion Alter und Geschlecht – Ergebnisse einer qualitativen
Analyse
Authors: Weßel Merle , Ellerich-Groppe Niklas , Schweda Mark , Koppelin Frauke
Published: May 2023

Pflegerobotik wird in Politik und Wirtschaft als vielversprechende Lösung
für den anhaltenden Fachkräftemangel sowie den steigenden
Pflegebedarf gesehen. Studien zeigen jedoch, dass die potenziell Nutzenden sich
wenig von solchen Technologien angesprochen fühlen und
Technikentwickelnde kaum Kenntnis von Bedarfen und Bedürfnissen der
potentiell Nutzenden haben. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht der vorliegende
Beitrag auf der Grundlage von 16 qualitativen Stakeholderinterviews mit
Expert*innen aus der Technikentwicklung, Technikvermarktung und
Pflege(wissenschaft) explorativ, welche Annahmen und Erwartungen
bezüglich Alter und Geschlecht der Nutzenden in diesem Bereich von
Bedeutung sind. Dabei werden drei unterschiedliche Perspektiven
herausgearbeitet: 1) die Rolle von Alter und Geschlecht für die
Entwicklung und den Einsatz von Pflegerobotik wird wahrgenommen, 2) die Relevanz
alternativer Kategorien wie Bildung, Kultur oder Krankheit wird benannt und 3)
sozialen Kategorien wird keinerlei Bedeutung zugeschrieben. Die Ergebnisse
werden im Licht des Diskurses über Diversität in der
Pflegerobotik diskutiert und es werden Schlussfolgerungen für eine
nutzendenorientierte, diversitätssensible Technikentwicklung und
-implementierung gezogen.
Stechender Spargel
Authors: Stern Cornelia
Published: May 2023

Ruscus aculeatus L. – Stechender Mäusedorn: Was er mit der Myrte gemeinsam hat und wie seine Saponine die Kapillarwände abdichten
Walking exercise through smartphone application plus branched-chain amino acid supplementation benefits skeletal muscle mass and strength in liver cirrhosis: A prospective control trial
Authors: Xiang Qian , Xiong Jing , Zhao Zhi jing , Zhou Ting , Wu Jun , Chen Xia
Published: May 2023

Introduction and objectives Whether a combination of exercise and
branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation was more beneficial than those given alone in
sarcopenia related to liver cirrhosis (LC) is unknown. Widely used smartphone applications
provide continuous and easily expandable management of chronic liver disease (CLD). This study
is to investigate the effects of unsupervised walking exercise using WeChat combined with BCAA
supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and strength in LC.

Materials and Methods The 127 LC patients of Child–Pugh A/B were
assigned to group A (BCAA supplements, n=42), group B (walking exercise, n=43) and group C
(walking exercise plus BCAA supplements, n=42). Laboratory data, average daily steps, serum
BCAA, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and grip strength were analyzed pre- and 3 months after
interventions.

Results Of the 124 patients who completed interventions, albumin
and daily steps were significantly increased in all groups (p=0.0001). Post-intervention BCAA were significantly elevated in group A (A vs B,
p=0.001) and C (C vs B, p=0.012;).
While post-intervention daily steps in group B (B vs A, p=0.0001)
and C (C vs A, p=0.0001) were higher. Grip strength (C vs A, p=0.020; C vs B, p=0.036) and SMI (C vs A,
p=0.035; C vs B, p=0.012) were
increased in group C. Prevalence of sarcopenia was significantly decreased in group C (p=0.015).

Conclusions A combination of unsupervised walking exercise using
smartphone applications and BCAA supplementation might be an effective and safe treatment for
cirrhosis patients with Child–Pugh A/B to improve skeletal muscle mass and strength or to
prevent progress of sarcopenia.
EUS-guided gastroenterostomy vs. surgical gastrojejunostomy and enteral stenting for malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a meta-analysis
Authors: Miller Corey , Benchaya Joshua A , Martel Myriam , Barkun Alan , Wyse Jonathan M , Ferri Lorenzo , Chen Yen-I
Published: May 2023

Background and study aims Malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO) is traditionally treated with surgical gastrojejunostomy (SGJ), which is effective but associated with high rates of morbidity, or endoscopic stenting (ES), which is less invasive but associated with significant risk of stent dysfunction and need for reintervention. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) provides a robust bypass without the invasiveness of surgery.

Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing EUS-GE to SGJ and ES for MGOO. Electronic databases were searched from inception through February 2022. A meta-analysis was performed with results reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random effects models. Primary outcomes included clinical success without recurrent GOO and adverse events (AEs).

Results Sixteen studies involving 1541 patients were included.
EUS-GE was associated with higher clinical success without recurrent GOO compared to ES or SGJ
[OR 2.60, 95% CI1.58–4.28] and compared to ES alone [OR 5.08, 95% CI 3.42–7.55], but yielded
no significant difference compared to SGJ alone [OR 1.94, 95% CI 0.97–3.88]. AE rates were
significantly lower for EUS-GE compared to ES or SGJ grouped together [OR 0.34, 95% CI
0.20–0.58], or SGJ alone [OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.10–0.30] but were not significant different versus
ES alone [OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.29–1.14].

Conclusions EUS-GE is the most successful approach to treating MGOO, exhibiting a lower risk of recurrent obstruction compared to ES, and fewer AEs compared to SGJ.
Enabling Real-World Data to Accelerate the Development of Innovative Cancer Biomarkers
Authors: Yeh Chen
Published: May 2023

The molecular diagnostics industry has historically relied on sanitized clinical trials and commoditized data sources to inform its biomarker discovery and validation process—an under-substantiated approach that was ultra-expensive, resource-consuming and did not reflect how representative a new biomarker would be in broader patient populations. In an effort to gain more accurate insight into the patient experience and bring innovative biomarkers to market more efficiently and accurately, the industry is now expanding into extended real-world data. To access the needed breadth and depth of patient-centric data, diagnostic companies must collaborate with a healthcare data analytics partner that has three key assets: (i) a broad and deep megadata with metadata, (ii) a data-rich provider network, and (iii) an outcomes-improvement engine to support the next generation of molecular diagnostics (Dx) and therapeutics (Rx) development.
Peroneal Nerve Repair with Cross-Bridge Ladder Technique: Parallel End-to-Side Neurorrhaphies
Authors: Ammanuel Simon , Burkett Daniel , Kim Jason J. , Bond Evalina S. , Hanna Amgad S.
Published: May 2023

Background Multiple nerve transfer techniques are used to treat patients with nerve injuries when a primary repair is not possible. These techniques are categorized to end-to-end, end-to-side, and side-to-side neurorrhaphy. Our study aims to explore the utility of the cross-bridge ladder technique (H-shaped), which has shown promising results in animal models and probably underutilized clinically.

Methods Four patients with significant loss of ankle dorsiflexion were seen in the clinic and underwent evaluation, including electrodiagnostic studies. A cross-bridge ladder repair technique was used between the tibial nerve as the donor and the common peroneal nerve as the recipient via one or two nerve grafts coapted in parallel with end-to-side neurorrhaphies. Dorsiflexion strength was measured preoperatively using the Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system and at each postoperative follow-up appointment.

Results All four patients had suffered persistent and severe foot drop (MRC of 0) following trauma that had occurred between 6 and 15 months preoperatively. Three of the four patients improved to an MRC of 2 several months postoperatively. The last patient had an immediate improvement to an MRC of 2 by his first month and had a complete recovery of ankle dorsiflexion within 4 months from surgery.

Conclusion We demonstrate the utility and clinical outcomes of the cross-bridge ladder technique in patients with persistent and prolonged foot drop following trauma. Both early and late recovery were seen while all patients regained motor function, with some patients continuing to improve up to the most recent follow-up.

IRB Approval: Obtained 2013–1411-CP005
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated with COVID-19 Infection: Clinical Presentation and Outcome
Authors: Agrawal Ritesh Kumar , Sharma Rewati , Mishra Arpita , Singh Ashok , Narayan Raghvendra , Mishra Om Prakash
Published: May 2023

Objective In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, many children presenting with persistent fever, rashes, conjunctivitis, abdominal pain, respiratory distress, and shock were reported and diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The aim of the study was to observe the clinical presentation and outcome of MIS-C treated at a tertiary care hospital.

Methods Eighteen children, aged 24 days to 18 years, with suspected MIS-C were admitted. Their clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, radiological investigations, management, and outcomes were recorded.

Results Median age was 8 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.5, 14), and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Fever, tachycardia, respiratory distress, hypotension, and seizures with altered sensorium were present in 94.4, 88.8, 83.3, 44.4, and 44.4% of the cases, respectively. Median erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, serum ferritin, and d-Dimer levels were 21 mm/h, 151 mg/L (1,14.2, 319), 1,091 µg/L (737.4, 1,456), and 3,094 ng/mL (990, 4,300), respectively. Methylprednisolone was given to all patients. Low molecular weight heparin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) were instituted in 83.3 and 38.8% cases, respectively. Seventeen patients (94.4%) required oxygen therapy and 44.4% needed mechanical ventilation. Fourteen patients (77.7%) recovered completely and four cases (22.2%) expired during the hospital stay. The need for ventilation and the presence of shock adversely affected the outcome.

Conclusion Chief clinical presentations in the patients of MIS-C were fever, respiratory distress, hypotension, and altered sensorium. Among admitted patients, 87.8% cases were managed successfully by systemic corticosteroids with or without IVIG. Need for mechanical ventilation, shock, and central nervous system symptoms at admission appear to be important factors that can lead to mortality.
Fourth generation switching power supply for circular induction accelerators
Authors: Liu Yi , Okamura Katsuya , Takayama Ken
Published: May 2023

A switching power supply (SPS) was applied as the high-frequency bipolar high-voltage pulse source required to accelerate charged particles in the induction synchrotron, which was a novel synchrotron proposed at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in 2006, and it was also used in other circular induction accelerators proposed thereafter, including the induction sector cyclotron and the induction microtron. As the heart of the circular induction accelerator, the SPS has recently been developed up to a fourth generation system that uses newly developed 3.3 kV high-speed SiC metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors(MOSFETs). The updates involved in this new SPS include the use of two parallel MOSFETs in each arm to shunt heat dissipation at high frequencies, optimization of the bus pattern, with low parasitic capacitance among the arms to improve the drain–source voltage (VDS) balance, and addition of current sampling circuits to provide an economical method to monitor the operating status in large-scale application scenarios. The heat power and temperature characteristics of the MOSFETs were studied specifically in both individual tests and SPS tests. To date, the new SPS has achieved 2.5 kV-17.4 A bipolar output at 350 kHz in continuous mode operation. The highest junction temperature of the MOSFETs was estimated to be 98 °C.
Many-body dispersion in model systems and the sensitivity of self-consistent screening
Authors: Bryenton Kyle R. , Johnson Erin R.
Published: May 2023

London dispersion is a weak, attractive, intermolecular force that occurs due to interactions between instantaneous dipole moments. While individual dispersion contributions are small, they are the dominating attractive force between nonpolar species and determine many properties of interest. Standard semi-local and hybrid methods in density-functional theory do not account for dispersion contributions, so a correction such as the exchange-hole dipole moment (XDM) or many-body dispersion (MBD) models must be added. Recent literature has discussed the importance of many-body effects on dispersion, and attention has turned to which methods accurately capture them. By studying systems of interacting quantum harmonic oscillators from first principles, we directly compare computed dispersion coefficients and energies from XDM and MBD and also study the influence of changing oscillator frequency. Additionally, the 3-body energy contributions for both XDM, via the Axilrod–Teller–Muto term, and MBD, via a random-phase approximation formalism, are calculated and compared. Connections are made to interactions between noble gas atoms as well as to the methane and benzene dimers and to two layered materials, graphite and MoS2. While XDM and MBD give similar results for large separations, some variants of MBD are found to be susceptible to a polarization catastrophe at short range, and the MBD energy calculation is seen to fail in some chemical systems. Additionally, the self-consistent screening formalism used in MBD is shown to be surprisingly sensitive to the choice of input polarizabilities.
Temperature dependence of photoluminescence spectrum of single lead halide perovskite nanocrystals: Effect of size on the phase transition temperature
Authors: Cho Kenichi , Yamada Takumi , Saruyama Masaki , Sato Ryota , Teranishi Toshiharu , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko
Published: May 2023

Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy of individual semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) is a powerful method for understanding the intrinsic optical properties of these materials. Here, we report the temperature dependence of the PL spectra of single perovskite FAPbBr3 and CsPbBr3 NCs [FA = HC(NH2)2]. The temperature dependences of the PL linewidths were mainly determined by the Fröhlich interaction between excitons and longitudinal optical phonons. For FAPbBr3 NCs, a redshift in the PL peak energy appeared between 100 and 150 K, which was because of the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition. We found that the phase transition temperature of FAPbBr3 NCs decreases with decreasing NC size.
Ion-implanted triple-zone graded junction termination extension for vertical GaN p-n diodes
Authors: Duan Yu , Wang Jingshan , Zhu Zhongtao , Piao Guanxi , Ikenaga Kazutada , Tokunaga Hiroki , Koseki Shuuichi , Bulsara Mayank , Fay Patrick
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate an ion-implanted triple-zone junction termination extension (JTE) for vertical GaN p-n diodes. Due to the spatial distribution of fixed charge in the triple-zone JTE structure, the peak electric fields at the contact metal edge and at the edge of the JTE are significantly reduced compared to conventional approaches. The forward and reverse characteristics of diodes with conventional single-zone JTE and the triple-zone JTE explored here have been studied and compared experimentally. GaN p-n diodes fabricated using the triple-zone JTE obtain an experimentally measured maximum breakdown voltage of 1.27 kV, appreciably higher than the 1.01 kV achieved using the single-zone JTE structure. The triple-zone JTE design also provides a wider window for fabrication processing and epitaxial wafer growth to achieve the high breakdown voltage compared to single-zone designs. The triple-zone JTE is promising for cost-effective fabrication of GaN power electronics.
Megapixel large-format colloidal quantum-dot infrared imagers with resonant-cavity enhanced photoresponse
Authors: Luo Yuning , Tan Yimei , Bi Cheng , Zhang Shuo , Xue Xiaomeng , Chen Menglu , Hao Qun , Liu Yanfei , Tang Xin
Published: May 2023

Infrared imaging is extensively explored due to its unique properties of high atmospheric transmission and temperature-dependent emission. Unfortunately, the current epitaxial infrared materials suffer from a complicated fabrication process and low production yield, which hinders the further development of infrared imaging for civilian applications. As an alternative to epitaxial semiconductors, the wide spectral tunability and optical versatility of colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have provided a promising route for infrared detection. Here, we demonstrate an infrared imager that integrates HgTe CQDs with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) readout integrated circuits. Moreover, the underlying metal contacts and passivation layer of the CMOS chip play a role as an in-pixel resonant-cavity , which enhances the absorption of the CQDs film. The CQDs imager exhibits a detectivity of 2.8 × 1010 Jones, an external quantum efficiency of 14%, and an operable pixel factor of over 99.99% for a cut-off wavelength of around 2 µm at room-temperature. With a large-format (1280 × 1024 pixels2) and a small pixel pitch of 15 µm, the resolution of the imager can reach 40 line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm). The performance of the CQDs imager is demonstrated by infrared imaging.
Measuring and simulating ice–ablator mix in inertial confinement fusion
Authors: Bachmann B. , MacLaren S. A. , Masse L. , Bhandarkar S. , Briggs T. , Casey D. , Divol L. , Döppner T. , Fittinghoff D. , Freeman M. , Haan S. , Hall G. N. , Hammel B. , Hartouni E. , Izumi N. , Geppert-Kleinrath V. , Khan S. , Kozioziemski B. , Krauland C. , Landen O. , Mariscal D. , Marley E. , Meaney K. , Mellos G. , Moore A. , Pak A. , Patel P. , Ratledge M. , Rice N. , Rubery M. , Salmonson J. , Sater J. , Schlossberg D. , Schneider M. , Smalyuk V. A. , Trosseille C. , Volegov P. , Weber C. , Williams G. J. , Wray A.
Published: May 2023

Fuel–ablator mix has been established as a major performance degrading effect in the burning plasma regime of recent inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments. As such, the study of fuel–ablator mix with experiments and simulations can provide valuable insight for our understanding of these experiments and establish a path for even higher yields and increased robustness. We present a novel high-yield experimental ICF design that is motivated by recent experiments measuring ice–ablator mix with a CH ablator instead of a high-density carbon (HDC) ablator [B. Bachmann et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 275001 (2022)]. We review these experiments in more detail and describe the modeling assumptions and parameters used to obtain agreement with the data from implosion and burn simulations with mix. Using this mix model calibrated a posteriori to the experimental data, we design an implosion that uses a CH ablator that is predicted to achieve better performance than a recent experiment that achieved net target gain of 1.5 in HDC. Because hydrodynamic instabilities are greatly reduced with this new design, we also expect a high reproducibility at the same implosion adiabat as current record yield experiments.
Inertial dynamic effects on diffusion-influenced reactions: Approach based on the diffusive Cattaneo system
Authors: Lee Sangyoub , Traytak Sergey D.
Published: May 2023

We investigate the inertial dynamic effects on the kinetics of diffusion-influenced reactions by solving the linear diffusive Cattaneo system with the reaction sink term. Previous analytical studies on the inertial dynamic effects were limited to the bulk recombination reaction with infinite intrinsic reactivity. In the present work, we investigate the combined effects of inertial dynamics and finite reactivity on both bulk and geminate recombination rates. We obtain explicit analytical expressions for the rates, which show that both bulk and geminate recombination rates are retarded appreciably at short times due to the inertial dynamics. In particular, we find a distinctive feature of the inertial dynamic effect on the survival probability of a geminate pair at short times, which can be manifested in experimental observations.
Validation of an OpenFOAM®-based solver for the Euler equations with benchmarks for mesoscale atmospheric modeling
Authors: Girfoglio Michele , Quaini Annalisa , Rozza Gianluigi
Published: May 2023

Within OpenFOAM, we develop a pressure-based solver for the Euler equations written in conservative form using density, momentum, and total energy as variables. Under simplifying assumptions, these equations are used to describe non-hydrostatic atmospheric flow. For the stabilization of the Euler equations and to capture sub-grid processes, we consider two Large Eddy Simulation models: the classical Smagorinsky model and the one equation eddy-viscosity model. To achieve high computational efficiency, our solver uses a splitting scheme that decouples the computation of each variable. The numerical results obtained with our solver are validated against numerical data available in the literature for two classical benchmarks: the rising thermal bubble and the density current. Through qualitative and quantitative comparisons, we show that our approach is accurate. This paper is meant to lay the foundation for a new open-source package specifically created for the quick assessment of new computational approaches for the simulation of atmospheric flows at the mesoscale level.
Linearized integrated microwave photonic circuit for filtering and phase shifting
Authors: Liu Gaojian , Ye Kaixuan , Daulay Okky , Tan Qinggui , Yu Hongxi , Marpaung David
Published: May 2023

Photonic integration, advanced functionality, reconfigurability, and high radio frequency (RF) performance are key features in integrated microwave photonic systems that are still difficult to achieve simultaneously. In this work, we demonstrate an integrated microwave photonic circuit that can be reconfigured for two distinct RF functions, namely, a tunable notch filter and a phase shifter. We achieved >50 dB high-extinction notch filtering over 6–16 GHz and 2π continuously tunable phase shifting over 12–20 GHz frequencies. At the same time, we implemented an on-chip linearization technique to achieve a spurious-free dynamic range of more than 120 dB · Hz4/5 for both functions. Our work combines multi-functionality and linearization in one photonic integrated circuit and paves the way to reconfigurable RF photonic front-ends with very high performance.
Leading-edge bluntness effects on the hypersonic flow over the double wedge at multiple aft-wedge angles
Authors: Adityanarayan Ray Anurag , De Ashoke
Published: May 2023

The present numerical investigation focuses on the leading-edge bluntness effects on the double wedge with varied aft-wedge angles exposed to low enthalpy hypersonic free stream conditions. The bluntness ratio in this study varies, ranging from R/L1 = 0 (sharp leading edge) to R/L1 = 0.577 (maximum allowable bluntness), along with the aft-wedge angle varying between θ2 = 45° and 60°. Noticeably, even a small bluntness ratio can completely change the shock interaction pattern compared to its sharp geometrical counterpart due to a detached leading-edge shock, enlarged separation bubble, and location of various shock waves concerning it. Critical bluntness ratios exist for the low aft-wedge θ2 = 45° angle, but increasing the aft-wedge angle makes the flow field highly unsteady for some bluntness ratios. Nevertheless, these bluntness ratios for such double-wedge configurations are reported using the mean of separation bubble size. Moreover, this work unravels the cause of such unsteadiness for the unsteady flow fields using the spatial-temporal evolution of the wall pressure distribution and fast Fourier transform of the pressure fluctuation signal at the compression corner and supports the deduced observation with the help of energy-based proper orthogonal decomposition. The increased shock–boundary layer interaction strength moves the separation point upstream beyond the junction of cylindrical bluntness and inclined fore-wedge surface, accompanying sudden change in its direction of motion that perturbs the shear layer that set to a self-sustained, highly unsteady flow field.
Demonstration of multi-pass amplification of 46.9 nm laser pumped by capillary discharge
Authors: Zhao Dongdi , Zhao Yongpeng , An Bo , Li Jiaqi , Cui Huaiyu
Published: May 2023

Using a plane–plane resonator composed of silicon carbide mirrors, we achieve for the first time multi-pass amplification of a 46.9 nm laser pumped by capillary discharge. In terms of the temporal characteristics, for an initial argon pressure of 17 Pa, triple-pass amplification of the laser is obtained at a delay time between the pre-pulse and the main pulse currents of 40 µs, and quadruple-pass amplification is obtained at a delay time of 50 µs. The experimental results show that the gain duration of the plasma column is more than 6 ns. In terms of spatial characteristics, the spot of the output laser has a reduced full width at half maximum divergence compared with that from a laser without a resonator.
Investigation of gas purging configuration in an industrial ladle by computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Akbari Mona , Safaei Babak , Zarei Taleb
Published: May 2023

A three-dimensional model was developed to investigate the effects of gas nozzle configuration in an industrial gas-stirred ladle on flow pattern, mixing time, heat transfer, inclusion removal, and shear stress on the wall. Population balance model coupled with computational fluid dynamics was chosen to evaluate the inclusion removal. The properties of phases and the size distribution of inclusion were in agreement with literature data. Gas nozzle locations were investigated in terms of radius and angle. It was found that an increase in angle and decrease in radius of gas nozzle location decreased shear stress on the wall. Also, as gas nozzle locations got closer to each other, bubble plumes overlapped, and turbulent kinetics was affected. This in turn affected temperature, mixing time, and inclusion removal. Therefore, by changing angle and radius, these parameters did not have similar trends. From the performed investigations, it was found that the best gas injection location was angle of 140° and radius of 0.65R. Shear stress, mixing time and inclusion removal at ladle with the plug radius of 0.65R were improved by 38.7%, 1.3%, and 0.87%, respectively. In addition, at ladle with the plug angle of 140°, shear stress, mixing time, and inclusion removal were increased by 6%, −6.57%, and 8%, respectively. By choosing this gas injection location, ladle performance was optimum in all parameters.
Simulation analysis of underwater wireless optical communication based on Monte Carlo method and experimental research in complex hydrological environment
Authors: Ren Yanru , Zhu Min , Cui Ke , Li Longxian , Wang Shengao
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to address the challenges of short optical communication distances and high Bit Error Rates (BERs) caused by seawater absorption, scattering, and underwater turbulence. This paper establishes an optical communication channel model based on the Monte Carlo method and simulates and analyzes the process of received optical power attenuation when light is transmitted underwater due to absorption and scattering. The simulation model focuses on the influence of seawater type, transmission distance, receiver position, and angle on the received optical power attenuation. The results of this simulation will provide theoretical support for the development of prototype underwater optical communication systems and experiments in complex environments. To solve the long-range weak signal reception and processing issues in underwater optical wireless communication systems, this paper proposes the design and implementation of an underwater optical wireless communication system using optimized on-off keying high-power light-emitting diode/laser diode modulation technology and avalanche photodiode (APD)/photomultiplier (PMT) receiver modules. In addition, this paper describes the design of the underwater optical communication host computer software, which provides functions such as mode selection, BER monitoring, and file transfer. To test the performance of the proposed system, this paper conducts experiments in a 35 m long pool, fixed platform, and underwater mobile platform, as well as cross-air-water interface optical communication performance test experiments in a complex hydrological environment. The results show that the system achieved a 35 m underwater medium communication distance, transmission rate of 5–20 Mbps, and cross-domain wireless optical communication function under the condition of a BER of less than 10−6. The experiments also revealed that the communication distance decreases as the turbidity of the water body increases and the PMT receiver module selected at the receiver end has a longer communication distance than the APD receiver module. Overall, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed technology for underwater optical communication systems in complex waters, providing theoretical and data support for the next engineering practice.
Study on bonding strength, chloride penetration resistance, and microstructure of adhesive interface for the old concrete repaired by alkali activated materials
Authors: Cao Diansheng , Zhang Bo
Published: May 2023

This work studied the effect of alkali activated slag-fly ash (AASFA) material on the adhesive interface mechanical properties and chloride permeability of repaired ordinary concrete. The splitting tensile strength and chloride diffusion coefficient of the bonding surface repaired using three methods were compared: direct repair of ordinary concrete (method I), surface agents of cementitious slurry and alkaline activated slag-fly ash slurry followed by repair with ordinary concrete (method II), and direct repair with alkaline activated slag-fly ash concrete (method III). The microstructure including pore size distribution and micro-morphology of adhesive interface were investigated systematically. The results showed that the effect of direct repairing with AASFA concrete was the best among the three repairing methods. In this case, the reasonable modulus of the alkali activator was 1.3, and the adoptable slag content was 50%. The splitting tensile strength of the new-to-old concrete prepared by method II increased first with the increase in slag content and then decreased. There was a good linear correlation between the pore tortuosity and the chloride diffusion coefficient, and the chloride penetration resistance was mainly affected by pore tortuosity. For AASFA as the repairing material, the bonding strength of new-to-old concrete was not only dominated by pore structure but also affected by chemical reaction. The large amount of C-(A)-S-H gel generated at the adhesive interface not only filled the pores of the bonding surface but also provided additional bonding strength.
Investigation on the generation and propagation mechanism of triple-point structures on rotating detonation front
Authors: Liu Pengxin , Su Hongmin , Guo Qilong , Sun Dong , Li Chen
Published: May 2023

Based on the Navier–Stokes equation with chemical reaction kinetics, rotating detonation waves are numerically simulated using premixed reactants H2/air at a stoichiometric ratio. The triple-point structure on the detonation front is captured. The self-sustained combustion process in rotating detonation waves is analyzed. Through innovatively utilizing the cell structure, the essential moments of the generation and propagation of new triple-point structures at the unbounded side of the rotating detonation front are discriminated successfully. The generation model of the new triple-point structure is proposed. The new model helps deeply understand the essence of self-sustained combustion in rotating detonation waves, which may serve as guidance in the engineering design of the rotating detonation engines.
Gold nanorods with iron oxide dual-modal bioprobes in SERS-MRI enable accurate programmed cell death ligand-1 expression detection in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Pan Ting , Zhang Dinghu , Wu Xiaoxia , Li Zihou , Zeng Hui , Xu Xiawei , Zhang Chenguang , He Yiwei , Gong Yuanchuan , Wang Pin , Mao Quanliang , Yao Junlie , Lin Jie , Wu Aiguo , Shao Guoliang
Published: May 2023

The efficiency of immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is relatively low due to the difficulty in accurately detecting immune checkpoints. The detection of TNBC-related programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression is important to guide immunotherapy and improve treatment efficiency. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging exhibit great potential for early TNBC diagnosis. SERS, an optical imaging mode, has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, good spatial resolution, and “fingerprint” spectral characteristics; however, the shallow detection penetration of SERS bioprobes limits its application in vivo. MR has the advantages of allowing deep penetration with no radiation; however, its spatial resolution needs to be improved. SERS and MR have complementary imaging features for tumor marker detection. In this study, gold nanorod and ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticle composites were developed as dual-modal bioprobes for SERS-MRI to detect PD-L1 expression. Anti-PD-L1 (aPD-L1) was utilized to improve the targeting ability and specificity of PD-L1 expression detection. TNBC cells expressing PD-L1 were accurately detected via the SERS imaging mode in vitro, which can image at the single-cell level. In addition, bioprobe accumulation in PD-L1 expression-related tumor-bearing mice was simply and dynamically monitored and analyzed in vivo using MR and SERS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a SERS-MRI dual-modal bioprobe combined with a PD-L1 antibody has been successfully used to detect PD-L1 expression in TNBC. This work paves the way for the design of high-performance bioprobe-based contrast agents for the clinical immunotherapy of TNBC.
Bifunctional acoustic metamaterial for beam switching with binary phases and selective excitation
Authors: Zhang Mengru , Song Jinqi , Hua Youlong , Wu Shiwei , Zhao Qian , Chen Jian
Published: May 2023

A single acoustic metamaterial with multifunctional use is highly needed for various applications. Herein, a bifunctional acoustic metamaterial for beam switching between the focusing beam and bottle beam is demonstrated, which consists of a groove structure for binary phases and a partitioned piezoelectric transducer (p-PZT) for incident wavefront modulation. The p-PZT is divided into inner and outer regions for selective excitation, and the focusing beam and bottle beam can be switched in real-time by applying different exciting signals on the p-PZT. Theoretical calculation, numerical simulation, and experimental measurement are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed bifunctional acoustic metamaterial for beam switching. Furthermore, the focal plane of both the focusing beam and bottle beam can be linearly tuned by the operating frequency. This work may find potential applications in medical ultrasonic therapy, sound printing, and biological particle manipulation.
高年级汉语课上怎么教“可说的”中文？—以鲁迅小说为例
Authors: Tao Peng
Published: May 2023

提要

赵元任1969年提出要用“可说的”中文编写汉语教材，然而，高年级汉语教材，特别是以现当代文学作品为课文的教材，遣词造句常常跟口语习惯相去甚远，相悖甚多。本文将以鲁迅小说为分析对象，从文学批评、语言学、叙事学三个角度考察其中“不可说”部分，试着提出一个针对小说教学的多层级话语分析框架，同时结合教学实际，给出将书面语阅读能力转换为口语表达能力的若干建议。
Changes in Body Mass Index During Mandatory Forensic Psychiatric Care: Findings from a Long-Term (2009–2020) Cohort Study Based on Swedish Registry Data
Authors: Andersson Peter , von Schreeb Agnes , Johansson Linnea , Sturidsson Knut , Wetterborg Dan , Sorjonen Kimmo
Published: May 2023

Lifespan is reduced by approximately 15 years in individuals suffering from severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Contributing to this is an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, an assortment of factors that confer risk of diabetes type 2 and cardiovascular disease. Body Mass Index (BMI) is predictive of metabolic syndrome. Previous research indicates that the BMI of incarcerated individuals not suffering from a major mental disorder increase during incarceration, especially amongst females. However, information on the development of BMI during forensic psychiatric care is scarcer, and follow-up periods have been short. Thus, the authors extracted data from the Swedish National Forensic Psychiatric Register regarding the longitudinal development of BMI in 3389 individuals who received court mandated forensic psychiatric care in Sweden during 2009–2020. A significant increase in BMI by 1.1% per year was observed during the first four years of care. After this, changes were no longer significant. Factors associated with a larger increase in BMI were female gender, being prescribed antipsychotics, young age at admission, receiving outpatient care, and access to an external support person. There was an inverse association between BMI and symptom severity. Substantial heterogeneity was observed in longitudinal changes in individual BMI and in comparisons between individuals receiving care at different clinics.
Fabrication of n-shaped micro copper structures through localized electrochemical deposition
Authors: Wang Fuliang , Tian Qiang , Pan Chengpeng
Published: May 2023

Localized electrochemical deposition is a cost-effective technique for fabricating 3D microstructures. In this study, to fabricate a complete n-shaped micro copper structure, multi-layer deposition was adopted, and the v-groove was removed by an asymmetric trajectory. Thereafter, the merging mechanism of the n-shaped structure was analyzed using COMSOL simulations. The results demonstrated that multilayer deposition was suitable for connecting the copper column in different directions; the optimized layer was 15 layers with a height of 15 μm. The simulation showed that the v-groove was caused by the speed difference between the column and bumps, and an asymmetric trajectory with a height difference of 55 μm could suppress vertical deposition and remove the v-groove.
Heterogeneous integration of superconducting thin films and epitaxial semiconductor heterostructures with lithium niobate
Authors: Lienhart Michelle , Choquer Michael , Nysten Emeline D S , Weiß Matthias , Müller Kai , Finley Jonathan J , Moody Galan , Krenner Hubert J
Published: May 2023

We report on scalable heterointegration of superconducting electrodes and epitaxial semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) on strong piezoelectric and optically nonlinear lithium niobate. The implemented processes combine the sputter-deposited thin film superconductor niobium nitride and III–V compound semiconductor membranes onto the host substrate. The superconducting thin film is employed as a zero-resistivity electrode material for a surface acoustic wave resonator with internal quality factors

Q
≈
17
000

representing a three-fold enhancement compared to identical devices with normal conducting electrodes. Superconducting operation of

≈

400

M
H
z

resonators is achieved to temperatures

T
>
7

K

and electrical radio frequency powers

P

r
f

>
+
9

d
B
m

. Heterogeneously integrated single QDs couple to the resonant phononic field of the surface acoustic wave resonator operated in the superconducting regime. Position and frequency selective coupling mediated by deformation potential coupling is validated using time-integrated and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. Furthermore, acoustoelectric charge state control is achieved in a modified device geometry harnessing large piezoelectric fields inside the resonator. The hybrid QD—surface acoustic wave resonator can be scaled to higher operation frequencies and smaller mode volumes for quantum phase modulation and transduction between photons and phonons via the QD. Finally, the employed materials allow for the realization of other types of optoelectronic devices, including superconducting single photon detectors and integrated photonic and phononic circuits.
Range verification of a clinical proton beam in an abdominal phantom by co-registration of ionoacoustics and ultrasound
Authors: Schauer Jannis , Wieser Hans-Peter , Lascaud Julie , Huang Yuanhui , Vidal Marie , Herault Joel , Ntziachristos Vasilis , Dollinger Günther , Parodi Katia
Published: May 2023

Objective. The range uncertainty in proton radiotherapy is a limiting factor to achieve optimum dose conformity to the tumour volume. Ionoacoustics is a promising approach for in situ range verification, which would allow to reduce the size of the irradiated volume relative to the tumour volume. The energy deposition of a pulsed proton beam leads to an acoustic pressure wave (ionoacoustics), the detection of which allows conclusion about the distance between the Bragg peak and the acoustic detector. This information can be transferred into a co-registered ultrasound image, marking the Bragg peak position relative to the surrounding anatomy. Approach. A CIRS 3D abdominal phantom was irradiated with 126 MeV protons at a clinical proton therapy centre. Acoustic signals were recorded on the beam axis distal to the Bragg peak with a Cetacean C305X hydrophone. The ionoacoustic measurements were processed with a correlation filter using simulated filter templates. The hydrophone was rigidly attached to an ultrasound device (Interson GP-C01) recording ultrasound images of the irradiated region. Main results. The time of flight obtained from ionoacoustic measurements were transferred to an ultrasound image by means of an optoacoustic calibration measurement. The Bragg peak position was marked in the ultrasound image with a statistical uncertainty of σ = 0.5 mm of 24 individual measurements depositing 1.2 Gy at the Bragg peak. The difference between the evaluated Bragg peak position and the one obtained from irradiation planning (1.0 mm) is smaller than the typical range uncertainty (≈4 mm) at the given penetration depth (10 cm). Significance. The measurements show that it is possible to determine the Bragg peak position of a clinical proton beam with submillimetre precision and transfer the information to an ultrasound image of the irradiated region. The dose required for this is smaller than that used for a typical irradiation fraction.