bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Based on a family of bi-univalent functions introduced through the Faber polynomial expansions and Noor integral operator
Authors: Müge Sakar F. ,   Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey, Akgül Arzu ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Umuttepe Campus, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
Published: January 2022

In this study, by using $ q $-analogue of Noor integral operator, we present an analytic and bi-univalent functions family in $ \mathfrak{D} $. We also derive upper coefficient bounds and some important inequalities for the functions in this family by using the Faber polynomial expansions. Furthermore, some relevant corollaries are also presented.
Testing Color Vision in Children
Authors: Kerber Kristen L.
Published: January 2022

It is important to screen for acquired or hereditary color vision defects as early as possible. Color vision is a critical part of the early learning experience, and children who have color deficiencies may have difficulties compared to their peers if there is color-based schoolwork. It becomes important for career interests/goals for older children as some jobs may require normal color vision. Hereditary red-green deficiencies are X-linked and therefore affect approximately 8% of males and less than 1% of females. Acquired color vision defects and blue-yellow defects are rare in the pediatric population; therefore, these conditions will be discussed minimally in this chapter. Infants are able to discern color by 2-3 months of age, but accurate color naming may not develop until 4-6 years of age. Screening tests are sensitive, fast, and easy to administer. If a deficiency is suspected through screening, further testing must be evaluated in order to determine the type and severity of the color vision defect. Color vision is typically tested starting at age 3 years and up.
Testing Visual Fields in Children
Authors: Kong Jacky K. W.
Published: January 2022

Visual fields in the pediatric population are an essential part of the eye exam that remain challenging to even the most experienced clinicians. Becoming educated in the multiple ways a child's visual field can be tested regardless of age and cognitive and physical abilities will allow the clinician to gain better insight into the child's function and in some cases, allow the clinician to identify pathological or neurological anomalies in the visual pathway. Gross visual field or functional visual field extent can be estimated by tests such as confrontation visual field testing, finger counting field testing, and white sphere kinetic perimetry. For threshold measurements of a child's visual fields, the Goldmann perimeter, or the more advanced computerized tests such as the Humphrey perimeter, Octopus perimeter, or frequency doubling technology perimeter can be used. Modifications can be made to certain tests to better suit the child's cognitive and physical abilities. The chapter covers different methods of visual field testing specific for the pediatric population.
Ocular Motility Testing in Children
Authors: Han M. H. Esther
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to provide the main indications, background, and procedures when assessing eye movement function in the pediatric patient. The assessment of extraocular motility function includes version and ductions using the H pattern test in order to determine the presence of underaction or overactions of the extraocular muscles (EOM). EOM testing detects abnormalities in the structural and neurological integrity caused by an acquired or congenital disease of the central nervous system. Deficits in eye movement function can also contribute to poor academic performance which requires a developmental approach to the assessment of saccadic and pursuit eye movements to determine if a referral for optometric vision therapy is indicated. For the older child who is reading to learn, an assessment of reading eye movements using objective tests, such as the Visagraph and/or the ReadAlyzer, will guide the direction of the management plan.
Myopia Management
Authors: Singh Sarah
Published: January 2022

Myopia is already the most common ocular disorder in the world, and its prevalence continues to increase worldwide. Higher myopic refractive errors are associated with an increased risk of vision-threatening complications, which has led to many investigations into the underlying cause of myopia and the mechanisms of myopia progression in order to prevent or delay the onset of myopia and slow its progression. This chapter briefly reviews ocular development and emmetropization, summarizes the known risk factors for myopia onset and myopia progression, reviews current clinical interventions for controlling myopia, and provides practice management recommendations. Finally, instances of syndromic myopia, which have not been shown to be responsive to myopia control treatments, are reviewed.
Intelligent Technology and Automation in Hospitality
Authors: Jamal Hussein Salimo
Published: January 2022

Based on the growing evolution of intelligent technology and automation in the provision of services, this chapter analyzes its incorporation into the 4- and 5-star national hotels and its consequent impact on decision and consumer choice. In this sense, the authors proceeded to characterize the technologies with greater appetence concerning the reality of the hotel industry. Furthermore, they investigated the appreciation made by the guests, researched trends, advantages, inconveniences, changes in behavior and procedures, given the COVID-19 pandemic.
Smart and Sustainable Tourism Destinations
Authors: Sousa Ana , Madeira Clara , Rodrigues Paula , Martins Carlos
Published: January 2022

Policymakers and business practitioners increasingly recognize the importance of sustainability in the development of smart tourism destinations, which require clear directions and specific guidelines. The authors used the Bibliometrix R-package and VOS Viewer software to perform a bibliometric analysis of 59 articles between 1900-2020 retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database. They compiled a bibliographic coupling, identified the key authors, journals, documents, and the most relevant universities. The findings detail four clusters: (1) smart tourism, (2) sustainable tourism, (3) technology, and (4) smart specialization. This work contributes to a better understanding of the concepts and aspires to provide useful information for those academics and destination marketing organizations (DMOs) attempting to analyze and deepen their knowledge within this research field. Simultaneously, it also aims to provide insights concerning the future development of sustainability and smart tourism in the social sciences' academic literature.
Customer Relationship Management in Tourism in the Digitalization Process
Authors: Çalık İsmail
Published: January 2022

Thischapter aimed to explicate CRM concept along with its distinct dimensions. Following the explanation of the denotation, evolution, and types of the CRM concept, the benefits of CRM, success factors, and possible causes for downfall are discussed. Another section of the chapter considers the role and evolution of CRM in the digitization process. This part introduces the reader to the concepts of E-CRM and SCRM that arose during the process, as well as the success conditions and essential aspects of these approaches. This section examines the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty in the tourism sector, the impact of CRM on business performance, and CRM applications in the context of destination management. In the last part, CRM practices and approaches in Turkey were discussed in terms of destination management and tourism businesses, and some applications and modules employed in the digitalization process are included.
Knowledge Economy and Its Impact on the Development Progress of Transfusion Medicine in Poor Economic Nations
Authors: Smit Sibinga Cees Th. , Abdella Yetmgeta E.
Published: January 2022

The chapter will provide a global situation analysis, describe the key elements of knowledge economy in the healthcare and transfusion medicine field, and analyze the impact of the knowledge economy on the pace of development progress of national blood supply and transfusion structures. The authors will provide examples to illustrate the case of applying knowledge economy principles to advance the safety and availability of blood products in clinical healthcare and hence the economy of care. Recommendations on how to improve will be described.
Telemedecine the the Context of COVID-19 in Ecuador
Authors: Piaggesi Danilo , Landazuri Helena , Jia Bo
Published: January 2022

The improvement in the delivery of healthcare services in geographically remote and rural areas is one of the most promising and clearly demonstrated applications of information and communication technology (ICT) in sustainable development. ICT provides considerable benefits and capabilities when applied to disease prevention and response efforts during epidemics and pandemics. The expansion of the COVID-19 outbreak that began in Wuhan, China alerted all the countries of the world from the beginning of 2020 and reached Latin America in mid-February 2020. In this chapter, VERIS, an Ecuadorian successful practice of telemedicine during the COVID-19 times, is presented. VERIS allows remote consultation with a certified doctor, following the WHO protocol, and other relevant services provided also remotely. The VERIS experience is particularly relevant during the present COVID-19 pandemic because it eliminates the risks of contagion deriving from visiting hospitals in person and could be particularly useful for emerging economies with practical implications for mature ones.
The Knowledge Economy and Social Impact
Authors: Koss Fabian , D'Amico Giulia
Published: January 2022

There is not a one-size-fits-all definition of “social impact.” In fact, in a Google search for “What is social impact?” more than 400 results appear. This chapter will highlight global initiatives led by OneSight, an NGO that is utilizing new technologies to combat the vision care crisis, and CanopyLAB, a software company that has teamed up with over 120 NGOs around the world to create and provide online courses utilizing artificial intelligence.
Used Cooking Oil Campaign Experience in São Bernardo do Campo City
Authors: Gobbis Pagliuca José Carlos , Suarez Marta C. R. B.
Published: January 2022

Faced with the objective of carrying out environmental education campaigns and arousing the attention of Sao Bernardo do Campo´s residents to the correct disposal of used cooking oil, in 2019 a cooperation agreement between the Municipality of Sao Bernardo do Campo and the Triangulo Institute aiming at recycling used cooking oil was signed. The collection execution began with the installation of the used cooking oil voluntary delivery points. Before the installation, the awareness and training of the team involved in the receiving activity was carried out; in addition, it is important after the collection to pack, transport, and dispose of the oil.
How E-buses Took off in Latin America to Save Lives, CO2 and Money
Authors: Olivera Manuel F.
Published: January 2022

Building confidence for zero emission buses has been the strategy to create demand in Latin America. A few cities have more e-buses than any other region in the world outside of China. It all started by testing hybrid and electric buses, sharing data, building innovative economic models, making site visits, and sharing results in workshops. It all occurred during the last 10 years. Institutions including development banks are now committed to assisting with the transition towards zero emission public transport in cities. A number of bus suppliers offer their technologies, most of them from China as Europe is still behind in the Latam e-bus market. Most barriers have already been broken, and confidence in the technology and the market has brought investors to the region. E-buses are key to reducing greenhouse emissions in the region, and the accelerated transition is helping cities with this challenge.
Local Perspectives of Sustainable Urbanism
Authors: García García María Jesús Garcia
Published: January 2022

The protective actions of restoration, especially when they affect urban spaces formally declared as areas of restoration, must have an urban reflection and be projected and reflected in the corresponding planning and management techniques. Planning legislation provides the instruments (plans) and the proper techniques to make urban planning adjusted to the parameters of the restoration performing actions that seek to promote the rational use of the natural and cultural resources, in particular the territory, the soil, and the urban and architectural heritage that are the support, the object, and the scene of the quality of life.
Theoretical Research on Structure and Infrared Spectra of the 9-Methacrylate Carbazole Molecule
Authors: Li Hui , Guo Bing , Wang Kun , Zhou Ming Yu
Published: January 2022

Using the quantum chemical density functional theory method in the Gaussian03W package, the spatial configuration of this compound is optimized by using B3LYP/6-31G(d) as the base group, in which the data of bond length, bond angle and spatial dihedral angle of the compound molecule are obtained. Based on the optimized stable structure, the infrared vibration frequency of the molecule is calculated, and the infrared spectrum is drawn. There is no imaginary frequency in the calculation results of frequency value, which indicates that the optimized configuration of 9-methacryloyl carbazole molecule is reasonable, and the peak position of infrared spectrum is assigned.
Pd Doped Ag@C Core-Shell Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Sensitive Determination of Bisphenol A
Authors: Dong Nan , Cao Ke , Si Chen Xi , Zheng Dan
Published: January 2022

In this work, core–shell structured nanocomposites consisting of Pd doped Ag@C were synthesized by impregnation–reduction method. Then, sensing electrodes were fabricated by modifying Pd/Ag@C core-shell nanoparticles on screen-printed electrodes (SPE) for electrochemical determination of bisphenol A (BPA). The composition and morphology of nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrochemical response characteristics of nanocomposites to BPA was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results indicated that, compared with Ag@C and Pd/C, Pd/Ag@C nanocomposite shows greater catalytic activity to the oxidation of BPA due to the synergistic effect of Pd and Ag. Among the four synthesized Pd/Ag@C-x (x=1-4) nanomaterials, the Pd/Ag@C-3 exhibits the best sensing performance toward the sensitive detection of BPA. The linear range for BPA determination was from 8.0×10-8 M to 1.5×10-5M with a detection limit of 1.0×10-8 M. A less than 9% oxidation peak current change was observed on the determination of BPA using Pd/Ag@C-3/SPE when added different interfering species into the BPA solution. The oxidation peak current attenuation of BPA on Pd/Ag@C-3/SPE within five weeks was found to be less than 3.6%.
Evaluating H2O2 in Living Bacteria by Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Chen Qian Qian
Published: January 2022

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a significant signal molecule in physiological and pathological processes. Levels of H2O2 in bacteria are proved to be a key factor in immune response. To sum up, detection of H2O2 levels in living bacteria is remarkable for further study of its physiological and pathological effects. Herein, we propose a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe (Nahp) to detect H2O2 in living cells and bacteria. In addition, based on boronate, Nahp has satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity toward H2O2 (LOD = 0.158 μM). Furthermore, with excellent detection performance to H2O2, Nahp is successfully used for fluorescent bioimaging of H2O2 and measuring H2O2 accumulation in bacteria. Most importantly, the probe was also used to image H2O2 in three Gram-negative bacteria, clearly revealing for the first time significant differences in H2O2 expression levels in live bacteria.
Fit and Evaluate the Viscous Models Used for ABS
Authors: Mo Qi Mian , Zhang Shi Xun , Chen Teng Fei , Cao Wei
Published: January 2022

Viscous models such as Bird-Carreau, Cross, modified Cross, Carreau-Yasuda and Power are often used in commercial software. In order to get the most suitable model, a series of rheological tests were carried out in this study, and a model fitting method based on least square approach was proposed. Combined with the WLF equation related to temperature, these five viscous models were fitted by the fitting method proposed in this paper. The calculated results of the fitted models are compared with the experimental data. The results show that, of the investigated five models, the Carreau-Yasuda and Cross type models can better describe the rheological characteristics of ABS, the Bird-Carreau model is the second, and the Power model is the poorest one. The fitted models are in good agreement with that by Polymat. Some models such as Cross and Power models fitted by the proposed method are even better than that by Polymat.
Progress in Foldcore Sandwich Manufacturing and Application
Authors: Tian Hong Wei , Chang Hai Feng , Ye Hong Jun
Published: January 2022

The sandwich structure with foldcore is a new type of structural material with light weight, high specific strength, high specific rigidity and multi-functional potential, which is connected with each other in core space, this kind of three dimensional structures can be formed by folding based on two dimensional materials. The main research achievements and characteristics of sandwich structure with foldcore in recent years are summarized and analyzed according to the lightweight and multi-functional requirements of aircraft structure in this paper. The configuration optimization scheme and fabrication process of the sandwich structure with foldcore are described. Moreover, the research status of multi-function of the sandwich structure with foldcore are summarized, including sound insulation, thermal protection, stealth performance of the structure, etc.
Preparation and Property of Antibacterial Nucleus with the Combination of Nano-Silver and Antibiotics
Authors: Sun Jie , Zhou Le Xin , Li Xiao Hong , Xia Ming
Published: January 2022

To improve the yield and quality of pearls in freshwater pearl culture and the survival rates after nucleus implanting surgery, pearl farmers used artificial pearl nuclear transplantation techniques to raise pearls. To address the common problem of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infection in oyster farming, a new prophylactic method by using compound antibiotics to prepare the medicine coated pearl nucleus was put forward based on existing research results of the nanosilver antibacterial nucleus. Single-factor experiment, multi-factor experiment, orthogonal experiment, SPSS analysis of variance was used to optimize the antibacterial formulation on the assumption that the contaminated probability of these two pathogenic bacteria was the same. The result showed that the optimal ratio of compound antibiotics was 0.0075g/ml of the flavomycin solution and 0.01g/mL of the terramycin solution; the inhibition zones diameter of both pathogenic bacteria was more than 2.6cm in vitro, which was higher than the nanosilver antibacterial nucleus of 0.9cm in vitro. Indicating that the addition of this compound antibiotic formula for the nanosilver antibacterial nucleus could reduce the usage of antibiotics under the premise of maintaining antibacterial effectiveness, and could preferably inhibit the pathogenic microorganisms in the postoperative infection period. This also indicates that compound antibiotics coated antibacterial nanosilver nucleus would be applied more widely.
Effect of Ether-Typed Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer on the Adsorption, Rheology and Concrete Properties
Authors: Fang Yun Hui , Chen Zhan Hua , Zhang Xiao Fang , Lin Zhi Jun , Chen Hao , Ke Yu Liang , Ma Xiu Xing
Published: January 2022

This article disclosed the influence of acid-ether ratio, n(SH)/n(IPEG), and n(APS)/n(IPEG) on adsorption and fluidity performance. The optimum synthetic parameters of acid-ether ratio, n(SH)/n(IPEG) and n(APS)/n(IPEG) were 0.5, 0.35 and 0.05, respectively. The rheology fitting equation was τ= 719.55γ+ 1834.54. And the correlation coefficient was 0.9843. The cement paste conformed to the law of pseudoplastic fluid. The preferred PCE-11 had excellent performance in freshly mixed and hardened concrete.
Study on the Synthesis, Properties and Characterization of EPEG Slump Retaining Typed Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer
Authors: Fang Yun Hui , Ke Yu Liang , Lai Hua Zhen , Wang Zhao Peng , Zhong Li Na , Ma Xiu Xing
Published: January 2022

The ethyl glycol vinyl ether polyoxyethylene ether (EPEG) is a new type of macromonomer to synthesize polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE), which has higher reactivity due to the unsaturated double bond and easily to polymerization. The EPEG slump retaining typed PCE can be synthesized by free radical polymerization though EPEG, acrylic acid and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). The HEA had the greatest influence on slump retaining performance. High polymerization conversion rate of EPEG typed PCE was beneficial to improve the concrete performance.
Effect of Different Factors on Callus Induction from Leaf Explants of Jatropha curcas L.
Authors: Zhou Yuan Hang , Chen Jing Ye , Yang Shao Xia , Xue Ying Bin , Liu Ying
Published: January 2022

In order to further optimize the tissue culture regeneration system of Jatropha curcas, the leaf explants of J. curcas were used as experimental materials, and MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 6-BA, 0.1 mg/L TDZ and 0.5 mg/L IBA was used as the basic medium. The effects of callus induction from leaf explants of J. curcas was studied by added different concentrations of compound sodium nitrophenolate (CSN), silver nitrate and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) into the basic medium. The results showed that adding 8 mg/L CSN or 10 mg/L DA-6 in the basal medium could increase the callus induction rate of leaf explants. While the number of callus induced by basal medium supplemented with silver nitrate was decreased, but the quality of callus was improved.
Influence of Heat Treatment on Corrosion and Electrochemical Behaviour of Al-Mg-Si-Ag Alloys with Different Mg/Si
Authors: Zheng Ya Ya , Long Tao , Luo Bing Hui
Published: January 2022

The influences of Mg/Si and heat-treatment on the corrosion performance of Al-Mg-Si-Ag alloy were studied. The results show that when the Mg/Si<1, apart from the precipitation of β phase, there is a small amount of elemental silicon. In the corrosion process, the Si element acts as a cathode, which on the one hand leads to the decrease of the corrosion potential, and on the other hand, it increases the corrosion rate. When Si is excessive, the βʺ density increases significantly, and the continuity of the grain boundary phase becomes higher, which promotes electrochemical corrosion, resulting in severe intergranular corrosion (IGC). In under-aging state, the alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance. The corrosion current density in the slightly over-aged state is slightly lower than that in the peak-aged state. The slightly over-aging treatment can effectively improve corrosion resistance of the alloy. After the alloy treated by severely over-ageing, the grain boundary coarsened and result in the increase of corrosion current density.
Effects of Welding Wire Composition on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Welded Joint in Al-Mg-Si Alloy
Authors: Wang Li , Zheng Ya Ya , Hu Shi Hu
Published: January 2022

The effects of welding wire composition on microstructure and mechanical properties of welded joint in Al-Mg-Si alloy were studied by electrochemical test, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and metallographic analysis. The results show that the weld zone is composed of coarse columnar dendrites and fine equated grains. Recrystallized grains are observed in the fusion zone, and the microstructure in the heat affected zone is coarsened by welding heat. The hardness curve of welded joint is like W-shaped, the highest hardness point appears near the fusion zone, and the lowest hardness point is in the heat affected zone. The main second phases of welded joints are: matrix α-Al, Mg2Si, AlMnSi, elemental Si and SiO2. The addition of rare earth in welding wire can refine the grain in weld zone obviously, produce fine grain strengthening effect, and improve the electrochemical performance of weld.
Analysis of Welding Technology about Bimetallic Clad Pipelines
Authors: Wang Fu Shan , Li Fa Gen , Li Ya Jun , Mao Xue Qiang , Liu Bai Chun , Hong Gu
Published: January 2022

Butt girth welding was a knotty problem for future application of bimetallic clad pipelines. At present, there were two kinds of problems: 1) To decide whether to use a variety of alloy welding procedure or to use corrosion resistant alloy full welding procedure; 2) After selecting the procedure, what kind of welding material should be equipped. In view of the above problems, taking 316L SS or 2205 DSS clad pipe as an example, welding process design and experimental analysis were conduted in this paper. Analysis of welding process from theory, standard and practice pointed out the control of welding hardness under different welding materials and procedure and directional suggestions of welding for bimetallic clad pipelines were provided. Futher the hardness distribution and CVN absorbed Energy test results of different welding processes showed welding quality could be guaranteed only when ENiCrMo-3 welding material was chosen for the whole weld.
Analysis of InN/La2O3 Twosome for Double-Gate MOSFETs for Radio Frequency Applications
Authors: Gowthaman Naveenbalaji , Srivastava Viranjay
Published: January 2022

The channel material of a gate describes the operating condition of the MOSFET. A suitable operating condition prevails in MOSFETs if the transistors are quite enough to observe and control at the nanometer regime. An efficient gate and channel material have been proposed in this work which is based on the electrical properties they exhibit at the temperature of 300K. The doping concentration for the electrons and holes is maintained to be 1Χ1019cm-3 for the entire electronic simulator. The simulation results show that using La2O3 along with Indium Nitride (InN) material for the designing of Double-Gate (DG) MOSFETs provides better controllability over the transistor at a channel length of 50nm. This proposed DG-MOSFET is more compliant than the conventional coplanar MOSFETs based on Silicon.
Numerical and Experimental Studies on Hydro-Forming of a Thin Metallic Disc
Authors: Gopinath Kanakadandi , Narayanamurthy Vijayabaskar , Rao Yendluri Venkata Daseswara
Published: January 2022

This paper deals with the hydro-forming of a flat thin metallic disc to achieve a forward domed disc which will be subsequently adopted to manufacture a rupture disc. The plastic deformation induced by the hydraulic energy is numerically simulated through an isotropic hardening plasticity model using a non-linear explicit finite element analysis (FEA). The variation in disc’s central deformation, thickness, equivalent plastic stress and equivalent plastic strain with respect to the applied hydraulic pressure are determined from FEA simulations. The hydro-forming setup is then designed and manufactured, and the metallic disc is experimented under hydro-forming process. The reduction in thickness due to stretching of the thin disc is evaluated from experiment and simulation and a close agreement is found. This research attempt helped in finalizing the hydro-forming fluid pressure, the feasibility and the accuracy of practically achieving the desired geometry of the metallic disc. The near-fixidity effects on abrupt variation in sheet thickness and plastic strain are well captured through simulations which are very difficult to be studied through hydro-forming experiments.
Impact of Cutting Parameters on Cutting Force of AISI 410 and AISI 420 MSS during CNC Dry Milling
Authors: Pramod George , Selvaraj D. Philip , Pradeep George
Published: January 2022

A CNC dry milling experiment was conducted for the machining parameter optimization of two grades of Martensitic Stainless steel (MSS). Optimization is done by employing Taguchi method (S/N ratio and ANOVA). The specimens used are MSS grades 410 and 420.The experiments were designed by employing L9 orthogonal array for 3 levels of feed and spindle speeds. The impact of these parameters on cutting force was analyzed. The analysis reveals that spindle speed constitute the maximum impact on cutting force for both MSS grades. Optimum cutting parameters are obtained at 30 mm/min (feed rate) and 1500 rpm (spindle speed). Due to higher Chromium and Carbon content in AISI 420 MSS resulted higher cutting force values compared with AISI 410 MSS. Optimum values of cutting parameters are estimated for improving productivity and quality. The predicted values at optimal conditions are estimated. The results indicate a good conformity with the outcome of experiment.
Effect of Flyash- Rice Husk Ash Blend in the Energy Efficient Geopolymer Tiles Using Industrial Wastes
Authors: Ganesh A. Chithambar , Mukilan K. , Srikar B.P.V. , Teja L.V.S. , Prasad K.S.V. , Kumar A.A. , Sharath R.P.
Published: January 2022

Infrastructural developments are inevitable for the developing countries and hence the production of sustainable building materials is promoted worldwide. Sustainable development in the vicinity of tiles is bewildered for more than a decade. Production of conventional tiles such as cement concrete tiles, clay tiles and ceramic tiles is energy intensive approach and levies lot of strain over the adjunct ecosystem. On the other hand there are serious problems related to the disposal of flyash, Rice Husk Ash throughout the world. An approach has been taken to synthesis tiles based on these industrial byproducts as the base materials through Geopolymer technology. In this work, Geopolymer mortar after heat curing is applied as tiles. In this work, Flyash is replaced by Rice Husk Ash in various proportions such as 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 percent. Tests such as workability, flatness, straightness, perpendicularity, water absorption, modulus of rupture and abrasion are conducted and fair results are obtained. This research also portrays the effect of Rise Husk Ash addition over the flyash based Geopolymer binder in the utility as tiles. The findings of this research work encourages the development of energy efficient tiles using industrial wastes. Keywords: Geopolymer, Rice Husk Ash, Tiles
Experimental Investigation on Fresh and Hardened Properties of High Calcium Flyash Based Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Prasad B. Vijaya , Kumar Arun P. , Anand N. , Arumairaj Paul Daniel , Dhilip T. , Kumar M. Sanath
Published: January 2022

The most important cause of the climate changes in the past few decades are due to the emission of CO2.It may be due to human or natural processes such as disposal of waste material from the thermal power plant, consuming natural resources or production of cement etc. Due to increase in infrastructure created the demand of more construction industries. Increasing importance of environmental protection and energy storage has led to the investigation of alternative binders to replace the cement. Geopolymers are an alternative binder for cement concrete production because of their superior mechanical properties. In the present investigation, for developing the Geopolymer concrete (GPC), high calcium fly ash is used as an alternative binder with Na2SiO3 and NaOH as alkaline liquids. Fresh and hardened properties of GPC are examined by appropriate experiments. Alkaline liquid to High calcium Fly ash ratio (AL: HCF) of 0.45, 0.55,0.6 and 0.65 are used with 8M of NaOH and the developed GPC is kept in ambient curing for 7 days, 28 days, and 56 days. It was observed that with an increase of AL to HCF ratio in the fresh GPC increased the workability of GPC. Increase of AL to HCF ratio in GPC mix increased the compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength up to a certain limit.
Traditional Peruvian Medicine: An Insight in Geophagy and Machu Rumi Intake
Authors: Chui-Betancur Heber Nehemias , Acosta Dwight R. , Belizario-Quispe German , Alfaro-Alejo Roberto
Published: January 2022

Geophagists are generally defined by culture, social status and gender, and this paper is to identify the chemical elements of the geophagic material called Machu Rumi. The sample was extracted from the center of the geophagic material. Two micrographs were observed, the 1c micrograph contains: O (8.63%), Al (14.85%), SiO2 (33.07%), Fe (5.93%), K (5.36%), Mg (1.37 %) and Ca (0.81%), these elements are characteristics of the clay minerals, the 1d micrograph, contains: oxygen 62.14%, Silicon 37.80% and Aluminum 0.06%, these elements are present in the clay minerals soils. The results of elemental composition and micromorphology reveals the presence of phyllosilicates, SiO2, Fe, K, Mg, Ca, and Al so the consumption of Machu Rumi would contribute to the benefic geophagy.
Analyzing relationships between rainfall and paddy harvest using artificial neural network (ANN) approach: case studies from North-western and North-central provinces, Sri Lanka
Authors: Ranasinghe Thilini , Gunawardena Gayantha , Wimalasiri Eranga M. , Rathnayake Upaka
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Food and agriculture are frequently affected from on-going climate change. A significant percentage of annual harvest is lost due to extreme climatic conditions in different parts of the world. Sri Lanka is considered as a country which is vulnerable to climate change. Therefore, this research presents a detailed analysis to find out the non-linear relationships between the rainfall and paddy harvest in two major provinces of Sri Lanka. Research Method: North-central and North-western provinces as two major agricultural areas were selected for the study. Rainfall trends were identified using non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope estimator tests. The artificial neural network (ANN) approach was used to establish non-linear relationships between rainfall and paddy yield. Findings: There was no significant (p > 0.05) linear correlation between rainfall amount and the rainfed paddy yield in tested locations. However, no clear relationship between the rainfall and rain fed yield were found in the 14 predefined functions (polynomial, logarithmic, exponential and trigonometric) derived using ANN where the calculated coefficients of determination were less than 0.3. Research limitations: Due to lack of other climate variables such as temperatures, a significant relationship was not observed in this study. Originality/value: We have shown that non-linear artificial neural network approach can be used to study the impact of climate on agricultural production in Sri Lanka.
Risks affecting hybrid rice yield in Bangladesh: two-tier approach of appraisal and management
Authors: Pervez A. K. M. Kanak , Shah A.A. , Uddin M. E. , Sarker M. N. I. , Islam M. M.
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Bangladesh faces a growing food demand from a growing population under the continuous shrinking of arable land. Most Bangladeshi farmers produce inbred rice. Hybrid rice has been shown, in China, to be far more productive per hectare. Bangladesh cannot feed itself long-term without ample produce of hybrid rice. Yet, fewer Bangladeshi farmers are growing hybrid rice at present; they perceive hybrid rice cultivation as too risky. The present study was conducted to define the yield risks of hybrid rice and develop management strategies to allow hybrid rice to contribute more to food production. Research Method: Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to evaluate the risks of hybrid rice production from the farmers’ perspective and the experts’. Three hundred fifty-four randomly-sampled hybrid rice farmers were interviewed with key informants, focus group discussions, experts’ opinion surveys, and workshops. A fuzzy triangular scale was used in calculating the yield risks of hybrid rice production. Findings: From the results, unexpected yield performance, germination failure, unavailability of seed in sowing seasons, and crop failure due to pest infestation were identified as the critical yield risks. A regression model determined that education, family income, innovativeness, hybrid rice cultivation experience, and rice selling in public procurement are lower yield risks in growing hybrid rice. Therefore, educated farmers from high-income families, innovative farmers, experienced farmers, and farmers who sell rice in public procurement face lower yield risk in hybrid rice production. Originality/value: This study mainly identified the critical risk and management strategies for hybrid rice production in Bangladesh. The policy advises encouraging hybrid rice cultivation by reducing yield risk, which is also offered.
Measurement Capability of Laser Ultrasonic Inspection System for Evaluation of Ball-Grid Array Package Solder Balls
Authors: Reddy Vishnu V. B. , Williamson Jaimal , Sitaraman Suresh K.
Published: January 2022

Laser ultrasonic inspection is a novel, noncontact, and nondestructive technique to evaluate the quality of solder interconnections in microelectronic packages. In this technique, identification of defects or failures in solder interconnections is performed by comparing the out-of-plane displacement signals, which are produced from the propagation of ultrasonic waves, from a known good reference sample and sample under test. The laboratory-scale dual-fiber array laser ultrasonic inspection system has successfully demonstrated identifying the defects and failures in the solder interconnections in advanced microelectronic packages such as chip-scale packages, plastic ball grid array packages, and flip-chip ball grid array packages. However, the success of any metrology system depends upon precise and accurate data to be useful in the microelectronic industry. This paper has demonstrated the measurement capability of the dual-fiber array laser ultrasonic inspection system using gage repeatability and reproducibility analysis. Industrial flip-chip ball grid array packages have been used for conducting experiments using the laser ultrasonic inspection system and the inspection data are used to perform repeatability and reproducibility analysis. Gage repeatability and reproducibility studies have also been used to choose a known good reference sample for comparing the samples under test.
Gallium-Nitride Field Effect Transistors in Extreme Temperature Conditions
Authors: Duraij Martijn S. , Xiao Yudi , Zsurzsan Gabriel , Zhang Zhe
Published: January 2022

Compact power electronic circuits and higher operating temperatures of switching devices call for an analysis and verification on the impact of the parasitic components in these devices. The found drift mechanisms in a gallium-nitride field effect transistors (GaN-FET) are studied by literature and related to measurement results. The measurements in extreme temperature conditions are far beyond the manufacturer-recommended operating range. Influences to parasitic elements in both static and dynamic operation of the GaN-FETs are investigated and related toward device losses in switch-mode power electronic circuits with the example of a half-bridge circuit. In this article, static operation investigation on the effect of temperature toward resistance, leakage currents, and reverse conduction is conducted. Dynamic operation between the two states of GaN-FET is also addressed and related to the potential impact in a switching circuit losses. A thermal chamber was built to precisely measure the effect of temperature toward parasitic elements in the devices using a curve tracer. It was found that the increment in RDSon, IDSS, IGSS, and VSD can be justified by the literature and verified by measurements. Incremental COSS and decreasing VGSth was found when exposing devices to extreme temperatures. These two parameters give real challenge over designing circuits at high temperature where timing is critical. Albeit temperature challenges, it is found that investigated GaN-FETs have potential to be used in extreme temperature-operating conditions.
TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL PRESENTATION OF COVID-19 INFECTION IN CHILDREN IN THE TOP OF PANDEMIC IN MINIA GOVERNORATE (TWO CENTER EXPERIENCE)
Authors: Sayed Madeha Abdalla , Abdelhakeem Mohamed
Published: January 2022

Back ground: A novel coronavirus which is identified as cause of pandemic situation inFebruary2020 and affecting adult and children with variable presentation and outcome.

Objective: We studied the typical and atypical clinical and laboratory presentation of COVID-19 during the peak of the first wave   in two main  referral hospitals, upper Egypt El Minya governorate.

Methods:  Among 88 children with suspected cases  tested for COVID-19, only 22 who proved to be  positive. Studied patients were classified into 3 groups based on age. The first group 2–5years,the second for 5–10years and the third one included those aged more than 10 years. All patients met diagnostic guidelines established by Egyptian Ministry of health.

Results: out of the positive 22 (25%) patients, 13(59.1%) of them were male, while 9 (40.9%) were females. All enrolled patients have a history of near contact exposure (100%). Thrombocytopenia was the highest presenting symptom in all enrolled patients18(81.8%), while other hematological findings were anemia in 11 (50%), thrombotic symptoms in 2(9.1%), pancytopenia in 2(9.1%) while bleeding was found in 1 patient (4.5%) .Fever 16 (72.7%) the common constitutional symptoms in COVID-19 were not reported in all enrolled patients (0%) while sore throat was reported in only 2 patients (9.1%).Respiratory presentation was only dominant in positive chest CT finding rather than clinical symptoms 17(72.3%) GIT symptom were the dominant presenting feature as vomiting was found in 15 (68.2%), diarrhea in 10 (45.5%), abdominal pain in 11 (50%), jaundice in 9 (40.9%) and dehydration in 6 (27.3%).Neurological symptoms were convulsions in 4(18.2%) while encephalopathy was 2(9.1%).Nephritis was the only renal presentation in the enrolled patients3 (13.6%).Cardiac presentations were only cyanosis 8 (36.4%) and arrhythmias 6 (27.3%)

Conclusion: COVID-19 has many clinical  classic presentation in children  however  other non-typical presentation like hematological. CNS and renal presentation has been reported.
Multiple extraneural metastases of anaplastic oligodendroglioma
Authors: Aydemir Fatih , Kardes Ozgur , Hasbay Bermal , Sedef Ali , Tufan Kadir , Kayaselçuk Fazilet
Published: January 2022

Oligodendrogliomas (ODGs) is a diffuse glial tumor that constitutes 4.2% of all brain tumors. Extraneural metastases, sometimes seen in glioblastoma multiforme, are extremely rare in ODG. In this report, we present a 63-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with Grade 3 ODG and had an intracranial mass resected in our clinic 4 years ago. The subject now presented with low back pain and was found to have widespread metastases. The prolongation of patient survival by current treatment regimens has revealed a growing number of ODG patients with metastases. We believe that back pain complaints in patients with ODG should be viewed as an indicator of metastasis.
The orbitomeningeal band as a way to bloodless transcavernous dissection and anterior clinoidectomy
Authors: Cherian Iype , Kasper Ekkehard , Agarwal Amit
Published: January 2022

The meningo-orbital band (MOB) is a dural fold which runs along the lateral border of the superior orbital fissure and contains few small dural veins and the orbitomeningeal artery. MOB detachment is relatively easy to understand step-wise procedure, provides a wider exposure, and better orientation thus facilitating relatively easy approach to paraclinoid and cavernous sinus region. The present microsurgical technique helps to preserve the true cavernous membrane and thereby providing almost bloodless dissection of the cavernous sinus. The same technique can be used to uncover the anterior clinoid process laterally, posteriorly, superiorly, and also in the inferolateral region thereby decreasing the risk and time of clinoidectomy.
Adenosine-induced flow arrest to facilitate intracranial complex aneurysm clip ligation: Review of the literature
Authors: Wang XiangDong , Feletti Alberto , Tanaka Riki , Yamada Yasuhiro , Suyama Daisuke , Kawase Tsukasa , Kato Yoko
Published: January 2022

Complex intracranial aneurysms (CIAs) rank high among the most technically demanding neurosurgical pathologies. Microsurgery and clip ligation can be challenging in CIAs as circumferential visualization of the aneurysm, parent vessels, branches, perforators, and other neurovascular structures is important to prevent residual aneurysms or strokes from vessel or perforator occlusion. Decompression of the aneurysm sac is often required for CIAs. We reviewed the literature and PubMed advanced search showed 13 results of adenosine-induced flow arrest to facilitate intracranial complex aneurysm clip ligation which included three independent case reports and ten cases in a case series from 1999 to May 2016. Few case series have described the use of adenosine in intracranial aneurysm surgery. Satisfactory aneurysm decompression was achieved in all cases, and all aneurysms were clipped successfully. We recommend that adenosine cardiac arrest is a relatively novel method for decompression of intracranial aneurysms to facilitate clip application. With appropriate safety precautions, it is a reasonable alternative method when temporary clipping of proximal vessels is not desirable or not possible.
Temporary worsening of perianeurysmal edema following clipping of a partially thrombosed giant pericallosal artery aneurysm
Authors: Inamasu Joji , Nakae Shunsuke , Kato Yoko , Hirose Yuichi
Published: January 2022

We present a case of a partially thrombosed giant aneurysm of the pericallosal artery that experienced a temporary worsening of perianeurysmal edema after clipping. A 66-year-old man presented with progressive weakness of the right leg. Imaging studies revealed a partially thrombosed giant aneurysm at the bifurcation of the left pericallosal artery with concomitant perianeurysmal edema. The aneurysm was thought responsible for the symptoms of the patient, and he agreed to undergo clipping surgery. The aneurysmal neck was clipped using two long aneurysm clips without dissecting the aneurysmal dome. The patient woke up from anesthesia with the right-sided hemiparesis, which progressed to hemiplegia by 12 h after surgery. Brain computed tomography revealed worsening of the perianeurysmal edema. Fortunately, his symptoms resolved completely by 2 weeks after surgery with conservative management. Perianeurysmal edema is frequently observed in patients with partially thrombosed giant aneurysms. Although worsening of perianeurysmal edema is a relatively common complication of endovascular procedures, its occurrence after clipping has rarely been reported. The worsening may have been induced by release of inflammatory cytokines from aneurysm wall, which was rendered ischemic due to obliteration of the vasa vasorum by the clips. Perianeurysmal edema may develop or worsen after clipping of a partially thrombosed giant aneurysm if the interface between the aneurysm and surrounding brain is not fully dissected.