bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SHP2 inhibitor PHPS1 ameliorates acute kidney injury by Erk1/2-STAT3 signaling in a hemorrhage followed CLP mice model
Authors: Jiang Jihong , Hu Baoji , Chung Chun-Shiang , Chen Yaping , Zhang Yunhe , Li Jinbao , Ayala Alfred
Published: April 2020

Background
Hypovolemic shock and septic challenge are two major causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the clinic course. Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is one of the major phosphatase protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs), which play a significant role in maintaining immunological homeostasis by regulating many facets of immune cell signaling. In this study, we explored whether SHP2 signaling contributed to AKI induced by hemorrhage (Hem) followed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) (Hem/CLP) and, further, if inactivation of SHP2 with the selective inhibitor, Phenylhydrazonopyrazolone sulfonate 1 (PHPS1), attenuated this injury.
Methods
Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to Hem (a “priming” insult) followed by CLP or sham-Hem plus sham-CLP (S/S) as controls. Samples of blood and kidney were harvested at 24 h post CLP. The expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), caspase3 as well as SHP2:phospho-SHP2, extracellular-regulated kinase (Erk1/2):phospho-Erk1/2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3):phospho-STAT3 protein in kidney tissues were detected by Western blotting. The levels of creatinine (Cre) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum were measured according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Blood inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels were detected by ELISA.
Results
Here we report that indices of kidney injury, such as BUN, Cre, NGAL in renal tissue and histopathologic change, were pronounced after Hem/CLP in comparison with that observed in the S/S group mice. Furthermore, while Hem/CLP elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokine/ chemokine, and induced increased levels of HMGB1, SHP2:phospho-SHP2, Erk1/2:phospho-Erk1/2, as well asSTAT3:phospho-STAT3 protein expression in the kidney; treatment with PHPS1 markedly attenuated these Hem/CLP induced changes.
Conclusions
In conclusion, our data indicate that SHP2 inhibition attenuates AKI induced by our double-hit/sequential insult model of Hem/CLP and that this protective action may be attributable to its anti-inflammatory property in mitigating activation of the Erk1/2 and STAT3 signaling pathway. This finding we believe has important potential clinical implications and, thus, warrants further investigation.
The difference between steroid diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT study
Authors: Zhao Qingqing , Zhou Jinxin , Pan Yu , Ju Huijun , Zhu Liying , Liu Yang , Zhang Yifan
Published: April 2020

Background
Steroid diabetes mellitus (SDM) is a metabolic syndrome caused by an increase in glucocorticoids, and its pathogenesis is unclear. 18F-FDG PET/CT can reflect the glucose metabolism of tissues and organs under living conditions, and plays an important role in diabetes research. Here, PET/CT imaging of SDM and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats was used to observe the changes of glucose metabolism in major glucose metabolism organs and immunohistochemical analysis to explore the possible pathogenesis of SDM.
Results
The SDM rat model was successfully established, which showed increased FBG and insulin levels; 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging showed increased FDG uptake in skeletal muscle, but no significant increase in liver uptake (15d);Immunohistochemistry showed that islet α-cell and β-cell proliferation, GLUT-4 and IRS-1, PI3Kp85α expression in skeletal muscle increased, and glycogen storage in liver and skeletal muscle increased.T2DM rats showed atrophy of pancreatic islet β cells and decreased insulin levels; Significantly reduced FDG uptake and glycogen storage in skeletal muscle and liver; IRS-1 expression in skeletal muscle decreased, and GLUT-4 and PI3Kp85α did not change significantly.
Conclusion
The pathogenesis of SDM is different from that of T2DM. The increased glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle may be related to the increased compensatory secretion of insulin; glucocorticoids promote the proliferation of islet α cells and cause the increase of gluconeogenesis in the liver may be the cause of its increased blood glucose.
Assessment of medical professionalism: A Delphi study
Authors: FONG Warren , Kwan Yu Heng , Yoon Sungwon , PHANG Jie Kie , THUMBOO Julian , LEUNG Ying Ying , Ng Swee Cheng
Published: April 2020

Background The importance of medical professionalism and its assessment has been well documented in the literature. However, there is currently no culturally-adapted tool to assess medical professionalism in Singapore. This study sets out to find consensus on relevance of the items from the Professional Mini Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) for assessing medical professionalism in Singapore. Methods A two-round Delphi survey was completed by an expert panel consisting of program directors, associate designated institutional officials, and designated institutional official (n=15) from residency programs in Singapore. Round 1 comprised of 23 items from the P-MEX rated on a 5-point scale (1= Definitely include, 2= Possibly include, 3= Neutral, 4= Possibly exclude, 5= Definitely exclude). In round 2, the experts received feedback from the previous round, and were asked to re-rate the items which did not achieve consensus in the previous round. The threshold for consensus in the study was defined as 70% or greater agreement among experts. Results Completed questionnaires for both rounds were received from all 15 experts. In round 1, 18 items (78%) achieved consensus to be included. In round 2, 1 (4%) item achieved consensus to be included. However, none of the remaining item achieved consensus to be removed. A consensual list of 23 items covering four domains of medical professionalism (Doctor-patient relationship skills, Reflective skills, Time management and Inter-professional relationship skills) was obtained during the two-rounds of Delphi survey. Conclusions This 23-item P-MEX has garnered consensus and is suitable for assessing medical professionalism in Singapore. The findings of this study can provide guidance for faculty and institutions who want to assess medical professionalism of their medical trainees.
Altered distribution of NK cell subsets in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia Altered distribution of NK cell subsets in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Zhou Weifang , Zhang Dandan , Cao Xiuling , Li Yuqin , Ding Ying , Fan Yujie , Yu Yixue , Chu Chu , Li Yan
Published: April 2020

Background : Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is a common respiratory illness in children, particularly those with allergic constitutions. NK cells and cytokines are thought to be involved; however, understanding of the immunopathology of MPP is incomplete. Methods : Peripheral blood samples were collected from 51 children hospitalized with with MPP, 26 with an allergic constitution and 25 without, and 29 healthy controls. NK cell subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry and the expression of interleukin (IL)-1 alpha and IL-18 was detected by ELISA. The relationship between NK cell subsets and the expression of IL-18 and IL-1 alpha was determined. Results : The number of CD3 − CD56 + NK cells and CD3 − CD56 dim CD16 bright NK cells in children with MPP was lower than in healthy controls (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD3 − CD56 + NK cells, CD3 − CD56 dim CD16 bright NK cells and the number of CD3 − CD56 dim CD16 bright NK cells in the MPP allergic group were lower than in the non-allergic group (P < 0.05). The expression of IL-18 was significantly increased in the MPP groups (P < 0.05), and the absolute number of CD3 − CD56 dim CD16 bright NK cells negatively correlated with IL-18 levels in the peripheral blood (P < 0.05). Conclusion : Reduced numbers of NK cell subsets were identified in children with MPP and MPP with an allergic predisposition compared with healthy controls. Concomitant increases in IL-18 in children with MPP suggest the involvement of IL-18 in the immunopathogenesis of MPP and may be related to the reduced CD3 − CD56 dim CD16 bright NK cells.
Trends in Shaken Baby Syndrome Diagnoses Among Young Children Hospitalized for Abuse
Authors: Conrad Aislinn , Butcher Brandon , Oral Resmiye , Ronnenberg Megan , Peek-Asa Corinne
Published: April 2020

Objective

To investigate national trends of SBS diagnosis codes and how trends varied among patient and hospital characteristics.

Methods

We examined possible and confirmed SBS diagnoses among children age three and younger who were hospitalized for abuse between 1998 and 2014 using a secondary analysis of the National Inpatient Sample, the largest US all-payer inpatient care database ( N = 52,562). A baseline category logit model was used based on a quasi-likelihood approach (QIC) with an independent working correlation structure.

Results

The rate of confirmed SBS diagnoses increased from 3.8 (± 0.3) in 1998 to 5.1 (± 0.9) in 2005, and decreased to 1.3 (± 0.2) in 2014. Possible SBS diagnoses were 0.6 (± 0.2) in 1998, and increased to 2.4 (± 0.4) in 2014. Confirmed SBS diagnoses have declined since 2002, while possible SBS diagnoses have increased. Possible SBS diagnoses were more common among urban teaching hospitals and small to medium hospitals than for other hospital types.

Conclusions

We investigated seventeen-year trends of SBS diagnoses among young children hospitalized for abuse. The discrepancy between trends in possible and confirmed SBS suggests differences in diagnostic norms for SBS and related conditions. Researchers should examine diagnostic processes for SBS and investigate why cases are diagnosed as SBS or a related diagnosis. We propose that researchers and pediatric medical providers agree to a standardized definition and diagnostic guidelines for SBS, much like the AHT guidelines proposed by CDC, which may help reduce discrepancies in diagnosis and improve options for surveillance.
Lipids monitoring in Scenedesmus obliquus based on Terahertz Technology
Authors: Shao Yongni , Gu Weimin , Qiu Yating , Wang Shengfeng , Peng Yan , Zhu YiMing , Zhuang Songlin
Published: April 2020

Background
Microalgae are considered as a source of low pollution and renewable fuel due to their ability to synthesize an abundance of lipids. Conventional methods for lipid quantification are time consuming and chemically contaminated. Spectroscopic method combined with mathematical model can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of material composition.Terahertz technology provides not only timely and nondestructive testing without chemical pollution, but also information about the functional group vibration mode and structure of the measured components. Therefore,terahertz is proposed for microalgae metabolism detection.
Results
The aim of this study was to use Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy to observe lipid content in Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus). We collected the THz spectra of S. obliquus which were cultivated under nitrogen stress and THz spectroscopy was used to analyze changes in substance components (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and β-carotene). Partial least square was used to establish the prediction model of each stress time point. The correlation coefficient of the prediction results of the model was above 0.991, and the root mean square error was less than 0.020. It indicated that THz technology can be used to discriminate S. obliquus cells under different nitrogen stress culture times effectively. The correlation between the THz characteristic peak (9.3 THz) and the total lipid content determined by gravimetry reaches 0.96. The final results were compared with the commonly used spectroscopic methods for lipid observation (Raman spectroscopy).
Conclusions
The prediction accuracy of model of THz bands is relatively high. It indicated that THz technology can be used to monitor the change of material composition in microalgae under nitrogen stress. THz is more accurate than Raman in total lipid monitoring. For the research of microalgal metabolites, compared with Raman technology, there is more research space for THz technology. THz technology can provide technical supporting for the engineering culture of oil-producing microalgae under environmental control in future.
Limiting factors to Boolean remission differ between autoantibody-positive and -negative patients in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bugatti Serena , De Stefano Ludovico , Benaglio Francesca , Sakellariou Garifallia , Manzo Antonio , Montecucco Carlomaurizio
Published: April 2020

Background: Patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently miss Boolean remission solely because of the patient global assessment of disease activity (PGA) exceeding the cut-off of 1. Here, we investigated the frequency and the limiting variables to disease remission in patients with early RA treated with conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs according to a treat-to-target strategy, depending on the autoantibody status. Methods: Data were retrieved from 535 early RA patients (<12 months of symptoms), treatment-naïve at inclusion, with an observation period of 6 to 12 months upon initiation of therapy with methotrexate aimed at the achievement of low disease activity based on the 28-joints disease activity score. Near-remission was defined as any of the 4 core items of Boolean remission exceeding the cut-off of 1 with the remaining 3 all ≤1. Reasons for missing Boolean remission and predictors of near-remission subcategories were analysed in relation to baseline disease variables. Results: After 6 and 12 months from treatment start, near-remission was two-times more frequent than Boolean remission (25.6% and 26.9% at the two time-points). A 28-swollen joint count (SJC28) >1 was responsible for the majority of near-misses (56.2% and 57.6% at 6 and 12 months, respectively), and PGA >1 accounted for approximatively 35% of the cases. None of the variables of disease activity neither patient reported outcomes at baseline could discriminate SJC28 from PGA near-misses. Rather, autoantibody-positivity independently predicted the risk of missing remission because of SJC28 >1 with an adjusted OR [95% CI] of 3.62 [1.89-6.93] at 6 months and 2.36 [1.25-4.47] at 12 months, whilst autoantibody-negativity was an independent predictor of PGA near-miss (adjusted OR [95% CI] 2.71 [1.31-5.64] at 6 months and 6.50 [2.47-17.12] at 12 months). Conclusions: In patients with early RA, Boolean remission is more frequently missed because of persistent swollen joints. However, barriers to full-remission vary in relation to the autoantibody status. Autoantibody-positive patients more commonly experience residual swollen joints, whilst the PGA more frequently impairs the achievement of remission in autoantibody-negative patients. These findings indicate that efforts to target full-remission in early RA may require different treatment strategies according to the autoantibody profile.
Clinical findings of 35 cases with novel coronavirus pneumonia outside of Wuhan
Authors: Luo Wen , Lin Yihua , Yao Xiangyang , Shi Yonghong , Lu Fang , Wang Zhanxiang , Wu Dinghui
Published: April 2020

Objective: We sought to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Xiamen, which is a city in Fujian Province, China. Methods: From January 20, 2020, to March 4, 2020, the clinical characteristics of all patients confirmed with novel coronavirus pneumonia admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, which was the only designated hospital for cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia in Xiamen, were analyzed. Results: A total of 35 cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia were confirmed. Patients were divided into the general-ward admission group and the intensive-care-unit (ICU) admission group. The most commonly observed symptoms were fever (80%), cough (51%), expectoration (28%), and fatigue (23%). Compared with patients in the general-ward group, patients in the ICU group had a higher maximum body temperature, a longer duration of fever after admission, and more symptoms of systemic pain. Considering the laboratory findings, patients in the ICU group exhibited lower peripheral blood lymphocyte ratios and lymphocyte counts but higher C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase levels. All patients were discharged without death, and no patients required invasive ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Conclusion: Relative to patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, the cases in Xiamen were less severe.
Tim-3 protein expression with MGMT methylation status in glioblastoma and association with survival
Authors: zhang ji , Wang Xiaoli , Ye Shengquan , Liang Lijiao , Zhou Yi , Chen Zhijie , Hu Wanming , Liu Jianmin
Published: April 2020

Background Understanding the molecular landscape of glioblastoma (GBM) is increasingly crucial for its therapy. Immune checkpoint molecules motivated the emergence of immune checkpoint-targeting therapeutic strategies. However, the prognostic significance of the immune checkpoint molecule T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) on tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and O-6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status remains to be fully elucidated. We aimed to develop an MGMT methylation status-associated immune prognostic signature for predicting prognosis in GBMs.Patients and Methods: A total of 84 patients with newly diagnosed GBM were involved. MGMT methylation status was retrospectively analyzed and the expression level of Tim-3 protein was investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The correlation between Tim-3 protein expression and MGMT methylation status, and the prognosis was explored.Results The obtained data showed that Tim-3 protein was expressed at different levels in GBMs. Mesenchymal expression of Tim-3 protein in these tissues was 73.81% (62/84), including low 15.48% (13/84), moderate 7.14% (6/84) and strong expression 51.19% (43/84), respectively. Of the 48 patients whose tumors tested positive for MGMT methylation, the remaining 36 patients was negative.Conclusions We profiled the immune status in GBM with MGMT promoter methylation and established a local immune signature for GBM, which could independently identify patients with a favorable prognosis, indicating the relationship between prognosis and immune. MGMT promoter methylation with lower Tim-3 protein expression was statistically significantly associated with better survival.
Comparative metagenomic discovery of the dynamic cellulose-degrading process from a synergistic cellulolytic microbiota
Authors: Yang Ming , Zhao Jingjing , Yuan Yue , Chen Xiaoyi , Yang Fan , Li Xianzhen
Published: April 2020

Background

As a green and sustainable bioenergy source, cellulose is difficult to degrade due to its large molecular weight and high structural complexity. Many cellulolytic microorganisms can secrete a series of enzymes to synergistically catalyze the cellulose degradation with a high efficiency. However, the inability to cultivate most of them, as well as their spatial diversity and temporal variability, limit the clear understanding of the relative area.
Results

To reveal the dynamic process of cellulose biodegradation, we cultivated a microbiota (FP) with efficient cellulose-degrading ability and compared the different stages of filter paper degradation. Ion chromatography and comparative metagenomic sequencing revealed that the diversity of FP enhanced as the complexity of hydrolysates increased, and the disturbance of FP was greater in early-intermediate than intermediate-final period. Sporocytophaga myxococcoides and Cohnella sp. CIP 111063 dominated the synergistic degradation of cellulose in early-intermediate and intermediate-late stages, respectively. Totally, 432 genes were annotated to cellulolytic pathways, and 363 and 231 unannotated genes were speculated to be related to the degradation of cellulose to cellodextrin/cello-oligosaccharide and cellobiose, respectively. Finally, according to the temporal changes in hydrolysates, community structure and gene abundances, a dynamic cellulose-degrading pathway was designed, which involved key cellulolytic species and enzymes in FP.
Conclusions

The cellulose-degrading pathway was established based on the dynamic analysis in microbiota FP, suggesting the collaboration and competition between species during cellulose degradation. Our work should provide a new perspective for the subsequent identification of key cellulolytic strains and enzymes and clarification the mechanism of cellulose biodegradation.
Chemotherapy burden of risk-adapted treatment verse surveillance for clinical stage I pediatric testicular cancer: A decision tree model analysis
Authors: ye yunlin , Chen Zhuang-fei , Bian Jun , Liang Hai-tao , Qin Zi-ke
Published: April 2020

Background Different from adult clinical stage I (CS1) testicular cancer, surveillance was recommended for CS1 pediatric testicular cancer. For high-risk children, greater than 50% of them suffered relapse and progress during surveillance and adjuvant chemotherapy was administrated. Risk-adapted treatment might reduce chemotherapy burden for those children.Methods Using decision analysis model, we collected clinical utilities from literature and survey and compared chemotherapy exposure between risk-adapted treatment and surveillance.Results In base case decision analysis of CS1 pediatric testicular cancer, risk-adapted treatment preferred lower exposure of chemotherapy than surveillance (average: 0.7965 cycle verse 1.3419 cycles). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that when relapse rate after primary chemotherapy ≤ 0.10 and the relapse rate of high-risk group ≥ 0.40, risk-adapted treatment would expose lower chemotherapy, without association of the proportion of low-risk patients, the relapse rate of low-risk group, relapse rate after salvage chemotherapy and toxicity utility of second-line chemotherapy compared to salvage chemotherapy.Conclusions Risk-adapted treatment might decrease chemotherapy-related toxicity for these high-risk patients and further clinical study was needed.
Development and application of perfect SSR markers in cotton
Authors: wu yuzhen , Huang Longyu , Zhou Dayun , Fu Xiaoqiong , Li Chao , Wei Shoujun , Peng Jun , Kuang Meng
Published: April 2020

Background This study aimed to develop a set of perfect simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with a single copy in the cotton genome, with the objective of constructing a DNA fingerprint database that is suitable for authenticating cotton cultivars. We optimized the PCR system for multi-platform compatibility and improving detection efficiency. Based on the reference genome of upland cotton and 10× resequencing data of 48 basic cotton germplasm lines, single-copy polymorphic SSR sites were identified and developed as diploidization SSR markers. The SSR markers were detected by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for initial screening, then fluorescence capillary electrophoresis for secondary screening. The final perfect SSR markers were evaluated and verified using 210 lines from different sources among Chinese cotton regional trials. Results Using bioinformatics techniques, 1,246 SSR markers were designed from 26,626 single-copy SSRs. Adopting a stepwise (primary and secondary) screening strategy, a set of 60 perfect SSR markers was selected that showed high amplification efficiency and stability, easy interpretation of peak type, multiple allelic variations, high polymorphism information content (PIC) value, uniform chromosome distribution, and single-copy characteristics. A multiplex PCR system was established with ten SSR markers using capillary electrophoresis detection. Conclusions A set of perfect SSR markers of cotton was developed and a high-throughput SSR marker detection system was established. This study lays a foundation for large-scale and standardized construction of a cotton DNA fingerprint database for authenticating cotton varieties.
A INTERVENÇÃO DO ESTADO NO SISTEMA ECONÔMICO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O CONSELHO ADMINISTRATIVO DE DEFESA ECONÔMICA (CADE)
Authors: DAVID Gabriele Cristina , MORAES JÚNIOR Antônio dos Santos
Published: April 2020

O objetivo geral deste trabalho é investigar as principais deficiências do Sistema Brasileiro de Defesa da Concorrência, mais especificamente, analisar a atuação do Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE), na regulação da Concorrência Brasileira. O trabalho visa compreender a atuação do CADE nos processos administrativos. Para dar início ao estudo, o trabalho trouxe a relação do Direito com a Economia, e logo após o estudo sobre a Economia presente nas Constituições, até que se chegaram aos princípios de ordem econômica, presentes na legislação atual. Além do artigo 170 da Constituição Federal Brasileira foi estudada a nova legislação antitruste, a Lei n° 12.529 de 2011. Foi apurado dados estatísticos disponibilizados pelo próprio Conselho. Nestes foi possível constatar que após o advento da nova lei concorrencial, os julgamentos tornaram-se mais eficazes e mostra que o país está otimista em relação aos controles concorrenciais. No decorrer do trabalho, é possível verificar os aspectos da antiga lei em comparação com a atual, e perceber que os avanços são crescentes neste âmbito e as deficiências neste tipo de operação tem se tornado menores a cada processo.
DESAFIOS A APLICAÇÃO DA JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA NO ÂMBITO PENAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: RODRIGUES Rafael Antônio
Published: April 2020

A Constituição Federal de 1988 estabelece como um de seus fundamentos a dignidade da pessoa humana e consequentemente apresenta como um de seus fins a construção de uma sociedade livre, justa e solidária. Em contraste a esta previsão encontra-se o Sistema Penal Brasileiro, notadamente insuficiente como medida utilizada para a reconstrução da dignidade tanto do ofensor como do ofendido. Todavia, no final dos anos de 1970, surgiu um movimento que se apresenta como forma a compor novas estruturas ao Sistema Penal, a Justiça Restaurativa. Em vista disso, o presente estudo tem por fim a análise e compreensão da realidade punitiva atual, a partir do pensamento de Kirchheimer e Rusche, com foco no encarceramento massivo, bem como a apresentação da Justiça Restaurativa como uma nova abordagem do conflito e os desafios à sua aplicação.
Teoria Constitucional do Delito e os Mandados de Criminalização
Authors: DORNELLAS Maria Olívia Capitelli
Published: April 2020

Trata-se de artigo de conclusão de iniciação científica que tem por objetivo estudar a Teoria Constituiconal do Delito, que aborda um novo conceito de crime, e sua possível aplicabilidade quanto aos mandados de criminalização, especialmente os de racismo e tráfico ilícito de entorpecentes.
O ESTABELECIMENTO EMPRESARIAL NA ATUALIDADE: O COMÉRCIO ELETRÔNICO E A NORMATIZAÇÃO DA INTERNET
Authors: VENEZIANO Victor da Rocha , FERRAZ Fábio Garcia Leal
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo busca demonstrar a necessidade do estudo do fenômeno "internet" nas atuais relações mercantis, uma vez que com o crescimento do comércio realizado na rede mundial de computadores, o nascimento de celeumas judiciais possuindo o estabelecimento virtual como objeto tende a crescer em sintonia, fazendo questionar se a legislação civil atual, aplicável perfeitamente ao estabelecimento físico, também o é ao estabelecimento virtual. Uma análise superficial do assunto dará abertura para diversas contradições e inaplicabilidades que, com o tempo e com a ascensão do e-commerce, incomodarão os tribunais pátrios com celeumas de difícil resolução, justamente devido à carência de normatização do ambiente cibernético.
Editorial
Authors: GIOLO JÚNIOR Cildo
Published: April 2020

Editorial
O ACESSO À INTERNET COMO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL E A POSSÍVEL LIMITAÇÃO DOS PLANOS PELAS OPERADORAS
Authors: CASSIANI Arthur Gonçales
Published: April 2020

No ano de 2016, com 50% do Brasil conectado à rede mundial de computadores e o Marco Civil da Internet já operando há cerca de 2 anos, as operadoras de internet no Brasil iniciaram uma pesquisa junto aos seus órgãos internos a respeito da limitação dos planos de banda larga oferecidos à população. Tal limitação se daria proporcionalmente ao plano de velocidade contratado pelo usuário. Ou seja, aqueles que adquirissem uma conexão mais veloz, teriam maior quantidade de dados para acesso. Os que, por sua vez, optasse por uma velocidade menor, poderiam usufruir da rede com uma menor quantidade de dados. Desse modo, haveria uma disposição aparentemente antidemocrática na prática pretendida pelas operadoras de conexão. Afinal, o direito a acessar a rede de forma ampla, a fim de exercer a liberdade de expressão e acesso à informação, conforme previstos na Carta Magna estariam sendo suprimidos. Nesse ínterim, vários órgãos de defesa do consumidor iniciaram campanhas de combate às companhias - inclusive recorrendo à Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações. Em vista disso, a presente pesquisa tem por objeto criar a devida reflexão sobre a limitação dos planos pelas operadoras. E, paralelamente, analisará a possibilidade de o acesso à internet ser positivado como Direito Fundamental no ordenamento pátrio, visto que a ONU já estabeleceu o supracitado direito como Direito Humano. Assim, com técnicas de direito comparado e investigação de bibliografias e da própria rede, a pesquisa pretende apresentar uma visão clara a respeito da legalidade do limite de banda larga por parte das operadoras e, ainda, discutir a possibilidade de o acesso à internet tornar-se direito fundamental.
A PROPRIEDADE E SUA FUNÇÃO SOCIAL: ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS E SEUS CONTORNOS CONSTITUCIONAIS
Authors: SANTOS Bruno Caminotto Ordanini dos
Published: April 2020

A importância da propriedade para a sociedade fez com que tivesse a proteção do Direito, e foi reconhecida como um direito humano, e também consagrado como um direito constitucional; alguns importantes teóricos escreveram sobre a natureza da propriedade e também sobre os reflexos dela na sociedade. Ela assume um caráter importante para a economia, na medida que possibilita a produção, assim como também tem impactos sociais, e por isso assume tamanha relevância para o Direito. Aquela ideologia da propriedade como um direito absoluto, defendida por alguns iluministas e propagada na revolução francesa, já não atende as demandas necessárias para o Estado Democrático de Direito, tendo por isso, assim como os outros direitos, sido flexibilizado, com o surgimento do instituto da Função social da propriedade que representa a possibilidade de exigir que o uso da propriedade seja de maneira que beneficie o interesse coletivo e não só o interesse individual do proprietário, uma vez que, possuindo a propriedade você impede outros de possuírem, é necessário que seu uso seja em prol da sociedade para que possa exercer seu direito como proprietário.
AS IMPLICAÇÕES CONSTITUCIONAIS DAS ENGENHARIAS GENÉTICAS NOS SERES HUMANOS
Authors: RUBIM Leticia Mariane
Published: April 2020

A pesquisa tem como prioridade analisar, sob o aspecto jurídico e social as engenharias genéticas que visam criar e modificar o DNA do homem. Isso porque, as atuais tecnologias têm potencial e eficiência para, futuramente, manipular bebês e cria-los sob encomenda. Além disso, há uma aplicabilidade de tal tecnologia para curar doenças genéticas (como HIV), entre outras. É tudo muito novo e incerto, mas nos últimos anos as pesquisas evoluíram muito e o Direito tem obrigação de acompanhar, já que envolve o futuro da sociedade, incluindo seus aspectos éticos e morais. Essa pesquisa se mostra muito relevante, em razão da relação existente entre o avanço biológico e a sociedade. Não há como separar a ciência da vida, do direito e da sociologia. A liberdade de pesquisa não pode ser totalmente restrita, porém não deve ser plena. O direito deve impedir qualquer tendência da sociedade se transformar em eugênica e por isso é necessário limitar a atuação biológica. Com tal pesquisa, pretende-se expor as implicações e questionamentos sobre o tema, tentando analisar quais os futuros impactos do biopoder na sociedade. Utilizou-se de pesquisas bibliográfica em meios escritos e eletrônicos, para analisar outros pontos de vista e ampliar o campo de visão a respeito do tema. Após a análise, concluiu que não há como dizer o que é certo ou errado, mas a única certeza é a de que o Biodireito deve posicionar-se a respeito do tema, solucionando os conflitos demonstrados nesse trabalho. Porem antes deve ser realizada intensa discussão por profissionais das áreas envolvidas, levando sempre como base os princípios constitucionais, a proteção à vida e os direitos fundamentais da pessoa humana.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL E OS TRATADOS INTERNACIONAIS DE DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: SOUZA Gabriel Leví Borges de , MORAES Ana Paula Bagaiolo
Published: April 2020

Desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial, a comunidade internacional tem expressado seu forte interesse na proteção e garantias dos Direitos Humanos por meio da formulação de tratados internacionais. Seguindo preceitos constitucionais o Brasil, nas últimas décadas, ratificou diversos desses tratados. Ainda assim, aparentamos estar bastante longe do ideal desses instrumentos internacionais. Tendo em vista que o Supremo Tribunal Federal é o órgão responsável por ditar como as convenções internacionais se relacionam com o ordenamento jurídico interno, este trabalho busca definir e analisar como se dá tal relação, de modo a verificar se ela é suficiente para suprir os anseios da comunidade internacional.
ASPECTOS CONSTITUCIONAIS ACERCA DA HOMOFOBIA: A CRIMINALIZAÇÃO COMO FORMA DE PROTEÇÃO AOS HOMOSSEXUAIS.
Authors: OLIVEIRA Letícia Trevizolli de
Published: April 2020

O objetivo principal do presente trabalho é dissertar acerca da atual problemática referente à lacuna legislativa existente no que se diz respeito aos crimes de ódio motivados unicamente pela discriminação e preconceito por orientação sexual ou identidade de gênero. A pesquisa também trará análise quanto ao projeto de lei da Câmara nº122/2006, que está atualmente arquivado, e visava à alteração da Lei dos Crimes de preconceito (Lei 7.716/89), que abrange raça, cor, etnia, religião e procedência nacional, buscando também a inclusão de gênero, sexo, orientação sexual e identidade sexual para a punição em caso de preconceito ou discriminação. Tendo em vista que todo e qualquer indivíduo possui a garantia de proteção aos seus direitos, bem como à sua dignidade e, estando isto diretamente relacionado a não distinção de qualquer natureza de todos perante a lei, a homossexualidade, bissexualidade e transexualidade, por uma questão protecional, deveriam ser abrangidas e interpretadas extensivamente no caso concreto, justificando assim objetivo da República Federativa do Brasil de promover o bem de todos sem qualquer forma de discriminação.
ABORTO E DIREITO COMPARADO: UMA ANÁLISE SÓCIO-JURÍDICA DOS PRECEITOS FUNDAMENTAIS DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO.
Authors: PAULA JÚNIOR José Roberto Gomes de , CARVALHO Roberta Santos Pereira de
Published: April 2020

O propósito de investigar os fundamentos justificadores da admissão do aborto enquanto um direito fundamental derivável dos princípios constitucionais abstratos, relativos às liberdades individuais, exige um estudo dos preceitos fundamentais do estado democrático de direito. A temática do aborto através da sua criminalização produz material doutrinário em grande quantidade. A discussão é dividida notadamente, em correntes favoráveis e contrárias, os assuntos mais discutidos se relacionam aos direitos humanos, o direito à escolha da mulher, o inicio da vida humana e a ética, o direito a vida do embrião. Apesar de todas as discussões apresentarem grande validade jurídica, poucas discussões adentram na perspectiva prática da questão, no caso, qual o objetivo da criminalização do aborto; isto é, qual o resultado real da proibição do aborto para a saúde da mulher. O objetivo almejado pela legislação encontra pouca efetividade nos dias atuais. A proposta de realizar um estudo comparativo com o Uruguai e Portugal se deve as semelhanças que podem contribuir para a legislação brasileira. Portugal antes de 2007 era um dos países europeus com legislações mais restritivas em matéria de aborto. Uruguai antes de 2012, momento que ocorreu a descriminalização do aborto com a adoção do sistema de assessoramento, possuía legislação muito próxima a brasileira.
The Life and Ideas of Ol'gerd Ipolyt Bochkovs'kyi
Authors: Wróbel Piotr J.
Published: April 2020

Review Essay:

Of Ol'gerd Ipolyt Bochkovs'kyi: Vybrani pratsi ta dokumenty [Ol'gerd Ipolyt Bochkovs'kyi: Selected Works and Documents]. Compiled by Olia Hnatiuk and Myroslav Chekh, Zhurnal “Ukraina Moderna” / Vydavnytstvo “Dukh i Litera,” 2018-19. 3 vols. Ukraina. Ievropa: 1921-1939 [Ukraine. Europe: 1921-1939]. 704 pp. (vol. 1), 976 pp. (vol. 2), 852 pp. (vol. 3). Illustrations. Tables. Indexes. $44.95 (per vol.), cloth.
Review of Andreas Kappeler. Ungleiche Brüder: Russen und Ukrainer vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart.
Authors: Prymak Thomas M.
Published: April 2020

Review of Andreas Kappeler. Ungleiche Brüder: Russen und Ukrainer vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart [Unequal Brothers: Russians and Ukrainians from the Middle Ages to the Present]. Verlag C. H. Beck, 2017. 272 pp. Illustrations. Maps. Notes. Bibliography. Photo Credits. Index of Names. €16,95, paper.
Review of Zbigniew Wojnowski. The Near Abroad: Socialist Eastern Europe and Soviet Patriotism in Ukraine, 1956-1985.
Authors: Bellezza Simone Attilio
Published: April 2020

Review of Zbigniew Wojnowski. The Near Abroad: Socialist Eastern Europe and Soviet Patriotism in Ukraine, 1956-1985. U of Toronto P, 2017. xx, 324 pp. Maps. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $55.50, cloth.
Review of Nicholas E. Denysenko. The Orthodox Church in Ukraine: A Century of Separation.
Authors: Bremer Thomas
Published: April 2020

Review of Nicholas E. Denysenko. The Orthodox Church in Ukraine: A Century of Separation. Northern Illinois UP, 2018. xvi, 298 pp. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $39.00, paper.
Efficiency and corporate governance of a state-owned enterprise: the case of the Tunisian national railway company
Authors: Bouattour Afef
Published: April 2020

The inefficiency of the State-Owned Enterprise is a matter of concern to economists. Among the studies carried out, those based on the theory of corporate governance were found. However, most of these studies focus on comparing the public enterprise governance with that of the private one. Thus, this article departs from this comparison towards an analysis of the governance of public enterprises to understand its inefficiency by examining the case of the Tunisian Railway Company. Starting with the approach used by Lehmann et al. (2002), it uses the Data Envelopment Analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of a governance system. The governance scores obtained were used to explain the ef¬ficiency variables for each year in the sample using regression in temporal data. The analysis revealed significant problems in governance mechanisms related to the lack of information transparency, weaknesses in functions of the government shareholder, and, in particular, control system failures.
Los contratos de producción en el noreste de México: El valle de Mexicali a fines de la década de los ochenta
Authors: Stamatis Maldonado Alejandra
Published: April 2020

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la presencia de contratos de producción entre los productores de hortalizas de exportación en el valle de Mexicali y el capital estadounidense. A partir de una caracterización de los productores de hortalizas en el valle de Mexicali, se describe la forma básica que asumen las relaciones de financiamiento y de comercialización con las compañías distribuidoras, y se analizan esas relaciones en el contexto de la producción de hortalizas de exportación en el noroeste de México
Baja California dentro del contexto de la migración de la frontera norte de México
Authors: Barajas Tinoco Margarita
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo se destaca el papel del fenómeno migratorio en la conformación poblacional de la frontera norte de México (PNM) en general y de Baja California en particular. Se describe el panorama de la inmigración interna a Baja California, haciendo especial énfasis en el perfil de la inmigración de la década de los ochenta, misma que se encuentra asociada con las oportunidades económicas de empleo que la entidad presentó en un periodo de crisis nacional. Las fuentes de información utilizadas son el Censo de Población, 1990, para Baja California y La Encuesta Continua de Migración de Baja California (ECMBC), 1989
Las repercusiones de los europeos en la cultura kumiai
Authors: C. Shipek Florence
Published: April 2020

Los europeos que llegaron a la conquista, colonización y catequización de las Californias fueron observados en un principio por los aborígenes con asombro y temor, pero en la medida en que se adueñaban de la tierra donde decenas de comunidades kumiai habitaban en íntimo equilibrio con su entorno natural, sus actividades se tornaron agresivas, rebeldes y finalmente en desánimo. Aquellas comunidades que una vez fueron dueñas de las tierra tuvieron que cederlas y sujetarse a nuevas normas y costumbres, no obstante, como lo demuestra en última instancia la autora en este trabajo, los kumiai no van a desaparecer sino siempre van a estar ahí.
Una separación artificial: Grupos yumanos de México y Estados Unidos
Authors: Wilken Robertson Miguel
Published: April 2020

Los grupos indígenas sobrevivientes de Baja California están vinculados estrechamente por lazos de lengua, cultura e historia con los grupos indígenas del sur de California y Arizona; todos estos grupos integran la región yumana- Este artículo examina la importancia de cada uno de los grupos yumanos bajaca1ifornianos dentro del contexto de la región como una totalidad, en lugar de separarlos arbitrariamente en yumanos mexicanos y estadounidenses. Se analizan algunos de los elementos paralelos de la tradición oral de los kumiai, paipai, kiliwa, cucapá, yavapai y hualapai, mostrando que un acercamiento comparativo transregional puede arrojar nuevas luces en el campo de la investigación de la historia antigua de los yumanos.
La historia de ayer vista por los indígenas de hoy
Authors: Garduño Everardo
Published: April 2020

Este artículo no tiene mayores intenciones que las de explorar las posibilidades de emplear la historia oral como herramienta para interpretar el presente de las comunidades indígenas. Partiendo de la premisa de los historiadores que condenan a la imposibilidad de hacer historia o antropología del pasado por medio de la voz viva, aquí se pretende revelar que tal vez sea posible encontrar una nueva óptica del presente, observando el pasado, o escuchando lo que aún se recuerde de él. De esta manera, el estigma de la subjetividad, de la ideologización de la historia, del sesgo en la información histórica, etcétera, aspira a abandonar el recinto de las fatalidades en el que han sido alojados por los historiadores, y llama a las puertas de donde se albergan los instrumentos metodológicos más reconocidos. Esta perspectiva es la que orienta el presente artículo en el que se revisan los lugares comunes en los que incurren las distintas versiones que el investigador recogió entre 15 informantes de las comunidades indígenas montañesas de Baja California, acerca de su proceso de colonización, encontrando aspectos realmente interesantes.
Excavaciones arqueológicas en el poblado de Bahía de los Ángeles
Authors: Bendímez Patterson Julia , Téllez Miguel Agustín , Serrano Jorge
Published: April 2020

La información que se presenta en este artículo es resultado de UD proyecto arqueológico desarrollado en 1987 ubicado en la vecindad de un manantial en el actual poblado de Bahía de los Ángeles, Baja California. El trabajo está orientado, básicamente, al análisis del comportamiento de los restos de fauna marina que constituyen los desechas que dejaron poblaciones a través de por lo menos 7.000 años. Se observa que los moluscos predominantemente Chione Californiensis y Chione Undatella reflejan los hábitos alimenticios, condiciones ambientales, accesibilidad de colecta e impacto a través del tiempo sobre la explotación. Todo lo anterior queda enmarcado en un contexto de antecedentes de estudios antropológicos en la región.
Impact of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on Health Data Management in a European Union Candidate Country: A Case Study of Serbia
Authors: Marovic Branko , Curcin Vasa
Published: April 2020

As of May 2018, all relevant institutions within member countries of the European Economic Area are required to comply with the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or face significant fines. This regulation has also had a notable effect on the European Union (EU) candidate countries, which are undergoing the process of harmonizing their legislature with the EU as part of the accession process. The Republic of Serbia is an example of such a candidate country, and its 2018 Personal Data Protection Act mirrors the majority of provisions in the GDPR. This paper presents the impact of the GDPR on health data management and Serbia’s capability to conduct international health data research projects. Data protection incidents reported in Serbia are explored to identify common underlying causes using a novel taxonomy of contributing factors across aspects and health system levels. The GDPR has an extraterritorial application for the non-EU data controllers who process the data of EU citizens and residents, which mainly affects private practices used by medical tourists from the EU, public health care institutions frequented by foreigners, as well as expatriates, dual citizens, tourists, and other visitors. Serbia generally does not have well-established procedures to support international research collaborations around its health data. For smaller projects, contractual arrangements can be made with health data providers and their ethics committees. Even then, organizations that have not previously participated in similar ventures may require approval or support from health authorities. Extensive studies that involve multisite data typically require the support of central health system institutions and relevant research data aggregators or electronic health record vendors. The lack of a framework for preparation, anonymization, and assurance of privacy preservation forces researchers to rely heavily on local expertise and support. Given the current limitation and potential issues with the legislation, it remains to be seen whether the move toward the GDPR will be beneficial for the Serbian health system, medical research, protection of personal data and privacy rights, and research capacity. Although significant progress has been made so far, a strategic approach is needed at the national level to address insufficient resources in the area of data protection and develop the personal data protection environment further. This will also require a targeted educational effort among health workers and decision makers, aiming to improve awareness and develop skills and knowledge necessary for the workforce.