bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sidney and Maps
Authors: Barrett Chris
Published: January 2025

Sidney’s writing career unfolded amid a sixteenth-century sea change in England’s relationship to cartography. The arrival in Britain of what historians of cartography call the Cartographic Revolution altered the day-to-day workings of private life, as well as of politics, diplomacy, travel, military activity, and the arts: all of these dimensions of Sidney’s public career. This chapter offers a brief introduction to the ways a sudden influx of new cartographic technologies and materials overhauled personal and professional endeavours in Sidney’s England. Examining several of Sidney’s works (including Astrophil and Stella, various letters, the New Arcadia, and The Defence of Poesy), this chapter considers how Sidney’s writings index and grapple with the implications of the Cartographic Revolution’s effects, especially as pertains to the references to maps and other geographic and cartographic works in Sidney’s oeuvre.
Sidney and Patronage
Authors: McCabe Richard A.
Published: January 2025

Despite his reputation as ‘a general Maecenas of learning’, Philip Sidney was a relatively impecunious client of the crown living upon elusive expectations of appointment and inheritance. This chapter explores that paradox, examining the corpus of contemporary literary dedications and related materials to analyse the construction of his public persona and the dynamics of the various social networks he exploited to project and sustain it. Although ideally operating as a ‘gift economy’, and articulated through the rhetoric of friendship and reciprocity, Sidney’s patronage is argued to have entailed a complex negotiation between economic and cultural capital that was seldom altruistic on either part yet sufficiently effective to work to the advantage of both.
Certain Sonnets
Authors: Marquis Paul A.
Published: January 2025

Sidney’s poems are found in fifteen manuscripts. The Clifford MS, compiled in 1581, and the Bodleian MS, compiled later but before Astrophil and Stella in 1582, contain the poems published by Mary Sidney in 1598. The manuscripts include radically different verse arrangements. Is there an obvious ‘idea or fore-conceit’ to either of these works? The theoretical problems involved in reading poems in sequence provide a context in which to consider Sidney’s comments in The Defence of Poesy where he considers the excellence of three mid-Tudor verse compilations that employ what he calls ‘poetical sinews [ … ] ordering at the first what should be at the last’. This criterion, among others in the Defence, provide the basis for a close reading of the various structural and thematic links in the Clifford and the Bodleian manuscripts and suggest how their architektonike trajectories lead naturally to the composition of Astrophil and Stella in 1582.
Politics in Provinces and Water Authorities in the Netherlands
Authors: Binnema Harmen , Vollaard Hans
Published: January 2025

The Dutch provinces and water authorities are situated between national government and municipal governments. Water authorities are single-purpose jurisdictions for water management, whereas provinces are general-purpose jurisdictions with a focus on issues such as spatial planning, nature conservation, and regional economic development. In political science, only limited research has been done into provinces and water authorities. They face three challenges worth exploring. First, they are enmeshed in multilevel policy networks with public and private actors, in which they struggle to uphold their effectiveness and legitimacy. Their democratic quality constitutes a second challenge, as they are unknown and little appreciated by inhabitants. Citizen participation is low and electoral turnout mainly increases when more is at stake in national politics. Finally, doubts about their added value in policy networks and their democratic quality have been recurring motives to discuss the raison d’être of provinces and water authorities, despite their ancient roots.
Classic Dutch Cleavages and Voting Behaviour
Authors: Irwin Galen A. , van Holsteyn Joop J. M.
Published: January 2025

Lipset and Rokkan considered national and industrial revolutions to be the main sources of cleavages. The Netherlands experienced three national revolutions: the revolution for independence (1568–1648), the Patriot/Batavian Revolution (1786–1806), and the Belgian Revolution (1830–1831). These revolutions produced a cleavage that led to the separation of the Netherlands and Belgium, and within the Netherlands produced a religious cleavage between Catholics and Protestants. The Industrial Revolution did not so much produce a class cleavage in the Netherlands as exacerbate differences that already existed. The Netherlands was virtually an ideal type of institutionalized cleavages that became well known as Verzuiling or pillarization. This contribution shows how the Dutch pillars developed and included cleavage organizations for virtually all areas of life, from cradle to grave, and including political parties. However, in the 1960s, the pillar system began to break down and the old cleavage structure is now basically defunct, as can be shown by the irrelevance of this structure for contemporary voting behaviour.
Public Opinion Dynamics in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Brug Wouter , van Elsas Erika
Published: January 2025

This chapter focuses on the development of public opinion in the Netherlands, and more specifically the opinions of citizens on political issues and the degree to which citizens’ opinions are structured by a limited number of ideological dimensions. The chapter first provides an outline of the main debates among political scientists about the dimensional structure of public opinion in the Netherlands. It also discusses changes over time and the rise of new issues such as immigration and European unification. In a second section, the chapter provides descriptive analyses of the development of public opinion in the Netherlands and the correlations between issue attitudes and left–right placement among citizens. It shows how left–right ideology continues to structure opinions on the most salient political issues, not just socio-economic but also sociocultural issues and, very recently, global warming. In the final paragraph, we outline avenues for future research.
Democratic Legitimacy and Political Support in the Netherlands
Authors: van Ham Carolien , Thomassen Jacques
Published: January 2025

This chapter focuses on political support for the democratic political system, its institutions, and authorities in the Netherlands. It briefly discusses the development of empirical research on political support in the Netherlands and analyses the development of political support over the last 50 years. It also places the level of support in the Netherlands in comparative perspective. The chapter then turns to comparative research on political support and applies this research to the Dutch context, identifying a number of vulnerabilities of Dutch representative democracy. It subsequently demonstrates empirically how these vulnerabilities play out in practice, highlighting key challenges to political support in recent years: growing gaps in political support between different groups of citizens and the politicization of political support. The final section concludes and outlines areas for future research.
Elections and the Electoral System in the Netherlands
Authors: van der Kolk Henk
Published: January 2025

The Netherlands has a list-based, proportional electoral system. In 1917 this replaced a single-member district system. Initially, the proportional system was seen as striking a balance between the power of political parties and regionally based candidates, but it was always mainly organized to accommodate political parties. The system turned out to be extremely resilient. In over 100 years it has hardly changed, although it managed to include new groups of voters, such as women (since 1919) and younger voters, by changing the rules of eligibility. The electoral system is extremely open to new political parties. Proposals have been made to change the Dutch electoral system by increasing the importance of the regional vote or even by abolishing elections and replacing them with lotteries, but no drastic changes are foreseen in the near future. Research into the Dutch electoral system focuses on the way it is used by voters, on its effect on the composition and functioning of parliament, and on the felt legitimacy of elements of the system. It is expected that research in the coming decades will enrich insights in these three areas.
Agenda-Setting Politics in the Netherlands
Authors: Breeman Gerard , Timmermans Arco
Published: January 2025

This chapter explores the evolution of Dutch agenda-setting research. Agenda-setting refers to the process of selecting and prioritizing policy problems and the impact of stakeholders on these processes. The first generation of agenda-setting research focused on longitudinal time-series analysis of particular single policy issues, examining the amount of attention, its content, and its tone. Over time, the research expanded to include an international comparative perspective. Scholars also engaged in multilevel comparative studies, analysing the influence of national policy agendas on the local agenda and the effects of European Union agendas on the Dutch national agenda. Cross-venue analyses also emerged, investigating how issue attention evolves as it moves through the policy process, from media attention to politics, law making, and implementation. Overall, Dutch agenda-setting research has evolved from a focus on specific policy issues to more comprehensive comparative analyses of attention and framing across multiple levels and venues of the policy process.
Parliamentary Politics in the Netherlands
Authors: Louwerse Tom , van Vonno Cynthia
Published: January 2025

A key political arena in Dutch politics is its bicameral parliament. In comparative terms it is relatively powerful, but in practice coalition party members of parliament (MPs) generally loyally support the government. Political parties are key in shaping parliamentary behaviour, parliament is highly fragmented, and there is a high level of policy specialization of MPs. This chapter outlines the key characteristics of the House of Representatives and the Senate in the Netherlands, including their powers and parliamentary behaviour. Subsequently, three major lines of legislative research in the Netherlands are discussed: ‘macro perspectives’, focusing on parliamentary history and executive–legislative relations; ‘meso-level research’, looking at what happens in the plenary and parliamentary committees; and the ‘micro level’ of individual MPs’ role orientations and careers. Suggestions for a research agenda include the combination of research traditions and the use of novel data and data analysis techniques.
Executive Politics in the Netherlands
Authors: van Dorp Erik-Jan , Rhodes R. A. W.
Published: January 2025

This chapter sets out the key components of the institutional landscape of the Dutch executive. The core executive approach reveals not only the different institutions in the executive, but also who is dependent on whom in the centre of government. After describing traditions and institutions, five types of executive politics are explored: budgetary politics, turf politics, silo politics, court politics, and accountability politics. For each of these types, the key topics and contributions are identified. The key topics include the increased standing of the prime minister, the relationships between policymaking and public service delivery, as well as the everyday encounters of blame games in a transparent executive. Together, they inform the authors’ suggestions for new directions in executive studies in the Netherlands: (1) interpretive political science and an ethnography of the executive, (2) scholarly attention to knavery as wilful elite behaviour, and (3) emphasizing research on budgetary politics and prioritizing the practices of the Ministry of Finance.
Autism Diagnoses Have Surged Over the Past Decade
Authors: Roush Karen
Published: January 2025

The increase reflects progress in screening for the disorder.
The Drug Update
Authors: Marino Adriane B. , Theroux Jenna D. , Drake Evan S. , Anderson James Layton , Self Destiny S.
Published: January 2025

In the first half of 2024, the US FDA approved several new drugs that have relevance for those practicing in primary care. This article, the winter 2025 edition of the journal's biannual Drug Update, highlights the following new medications: sotatercept-csrk (Winrevair), aprocitentan (Tryvio), resmetirom (Rezdiffra), berdazimer (Zelsuvmi), ceftobiprole medocaril sodium (Zevtera), sofpironium (Sofdra), and ensifentrine (Ohtuvayre).
Tinnitus, the phantom sound
Authors: Harmon Elizabeth D. , Goodman Mary Leigh
Published: January 2025

The experience of tinnitus can range from inducing annoyance to debility. In the US, tinnitus is estimated to affect 1 in 10 adults, though it is known to be underreported. Often dismissed, tinnitus can be a precursor for treatable pathologies. Primary tinnitus has no known cure but is associated with multiple comorbidities such as depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Understanding the symptomatology and treatment guidelines is essential for the NP to care holistically for these patients and improve their quality of life.
Health Policy Advocacy: From the Front Line to Capitol Hill
Authors: Morson Dana M. , Travis Joseph R. , Patrician Patricia A.
Published: January 2025

Empowering staff nurses
Code Blue: The One You Don't Forget
Authors: Clement Bonnie
Published: January 2025

Some nursing shifts feel personal.
The Genesis of the Academy of Diversity Leaders in Nursing
Authors: Beard Kenya , Fields Sheldon
Published: January 2025

Combating all forms of oppression to achieve health equity
Professional Licensure: Protecting Your Nursing Livelihood, Part 2
Authors: Brous Edie A.
Published: January 2025

Frequent causes of licensure discipline and potential penalties
Patient reported outcome measures in cardiovascular research and care: PRO(M)s and CONS
Authors: Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Frati Giacomo , Peruzzi Mariangela , Bernardi Marco , Spadafora Luigi , Tremoli Elena
Published: January 2025

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are vital tools in cardiovascular disease (CVD) research and care, providing insights that complement traditional clinical outcomes like mortality and morbidity. PROMs capture patient experiences with CVD, such as quality of life, functional capacity, and emotional well-being, allowing clinicians to assess how interventions impact daily life. PROMs are integral to cardiovascular investigations as well as management, especially in chronic conditions and rehabilitation, where they inform on the impact of personalized care plans by tracking symptom progression and patient adherence. Selecting and applying to cardiovascular research and practice effective PROMs involves evaluating their validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change, with instruments like the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) widely used for heart failure and coronary artery disease, respectively. Implementing PROMs in real-world practice requires addressing challenges related to workflow integration and patient adherence, emphasizing their value in patient-centered care. As digital health advances, remote PROM data collection through mobile applications and wearable devices will enhance access to and extent of PROMs, and AI-driven analytical tools will provide real-time, automated and plausible more poignant insights for personalized treatment. Future efforts should focus on culturally adapting PROMs for diverse populations to ensure global applicability. PROMs should also be established as essential components of innovative research and responsive, patient-centered cardiovascular care.
Evaluation and Treatment of Sexual Pain Disorders
Authors: Beckman Analea , Moss Chailee , Goldstein Andrew T.
Published: January 2025

Pain that occurs during sexual activity is highly prevalent during a woman’s lifetime, affecting ∼15% of women. The etiology of dyspareunia is multifactorial. Therefore, treatment must be individualized. This paper reviews the evaluation and treatment of the several common causes of dyspareunia and/or pelvic pain, including hormonally associated vestibulodynia, inflammation-associated vestibulodynia, neuroproliferative vestibulodynia, overactive pelvic floor muscle dysfunction, vulvar dysesthesia, persistent genital arousal disorder, and painful bladder syndrome.
Evaluating Personal Safety Within the LGBTQIA+ Campus Community
Authors: Ressler Anna , Johnson Ashlyn M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Violence against sexual and gender minorities is a significant concern on university campuses.

Methods

A needs assessment self-report survey was administered to LGBTQIA+ university campus community members to assess perceptions of vulnerability, interest in, and beliefs related to personal safety/self-defense (PS/SD) training at a public Midwestern university.

Results

Forty-three LGBTQIA+ campus community members responded to the survey. Thirty-six percent of those surveyed reported a history of physical or sexual interpersonal violence. Respondents reported being fearful or occasionally fearful for their personal safety in a variety of day-to-day situations surveyed. Using rideshares, going out alone after dark, and going to parties were some of the most frequently feared situations. Most, 73%, believed that PS/SD training would increase their feelings of overall safety and would improve their ability to defend themselves, with up to 66% expressing interest in attending PS/SD training held in a format of 2-hour sessions occurring weekly.

Conclusions

This survey supports the need for inclusive and accessible PS/SD training tailored to the specific needs of LGBTQIA+ university campus community members to enhance campus safety.
Implementing Self-Measured Blood Pressure in Primary Care: A Feasible and Systematic Approach
Authors: Tsipas Stavros , Barkowski Laken , Sachdev Neha , Ammar Afnan , Huff Carissa , Harsant Christina , Wozniak Gregory
Published: January 2025

Randomized clinical trials and clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of self-measured blood pressure (SMBP) to help improve the treatment of patients with hypertension. Many clinicians use SMBP in their practices, but there is significant variability in how SMBP is implemented in their day-to-day practice. This quality improvement study details the pragmatic and real-world approach clinicians and administrators used at 3 sites of the IHA Medical Group, a part of Trinity Healthcare, to implement the American Medical Association (AMA) 7-Step SMBP framework as part of the larger AMA hypertension quality improvement program AMA MAP BP. The SMBP program included distributing SMBP devices, training patients on SMBP use, capturing and recording SMBP values in the electronic health record, using SMBP readings in treatment decisions, and receiving reimbursement for patient training and education. Of 331 patients enrolled, 98% of patients had at least 1 return visit within a year. Average systolic blood pressure was reduced by 8 mm Hg between the first and last office visit, and blood pressure control rates increased from 33.5% to 63.5% in these patients. Among patients with one return visit, 46% had documented SMBP readings and 71% were treated with medications. Payors reimbursed 95% of claims submitted for patient training.
Differential Risk Profiles of Incident Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Specific Subgroups
Authors: Ma Yudiyang , Wang Jianing , Tang Linxi , Cui Feipeng , Tian Yaohua , Zhang Jing , Yang Jian
Published: January 2025

Objective:

The aim of this study is to explore the risk profiles associated with Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) incidence in both the general population and diverse subpopulations.

Summary Background Data:

AAA is a life-threatening arterial disease, and there is limited understanding of its etiological spectrum across the age, sex, and genetic risk subgroups, making early prevention efforts more complicated.

Methods:

This study encompassed a sample size of 364399 participants from the UK. Utilizing the Cox proportional hazards model, we estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) and population attributable fraction (PAF) for 24 risk factors and 5 weighted risk scores associated with AAA incidence. Subsequently, this study investigated the relationships between AAA onset and various risk factors based on age, sex, and genetic susceptibility subgroups, and assessed the two- and three-way interactions.

Results:

After a median follow-up of 12.62 years, 1684 participants developed AAA. Among the 24 risk factors from 5 different aspects, 12 exhibited significant associations with AAA development. Socio-demographic factors (age and sex) and genetic factors accounted for the majority of AAA cases in both the general population and diverse subpopulations. For lifestyle factors, AAA cases attributable to smoking are larger in the older group (PAF: 15.45% vs. 11.25%) and women (PAF: 23.79% vs. 16.75%). Similarly, physical inactivity had a greater effect on AAA risk in women (4.84% vs. 1.95%), but no age and genetic risk differences were observed. PAF of high C-reactive protein was the most prominent of all cardiometabolic factors across different age, sex, and genetic risk strata, with 18.92% (< 60 years) and 13.71% (≥ 60 years) in age groups, 18.18% (women) and 13.31% (men) in sex groups, and 17.64% (intermediate genetic risk) and 13.01% (high genetic risk) in genetic risk groups. Clinical comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and hypertension significantly associated with the risk of incident AAA, and these factors exerted a greater influence on AAA risk in younger group, women, and those with low genetic risk (P for interaction < 0.05).

Conclusions:

This study depicted specific risk profiles that influence AAA incidence among general population and diverse subpopulations, thereby aiding in the formulation of precise and effective strategies for AAA prevention.
Social determinants of health and health outcomes in older cancer survivors
Authors: Siegel Zachary , Smith-Nuñez Ashley , Lewis Marquita W.
Published: January 2025

Purpose of the review

Today, two-thirds of all cancer survivors are at least 65 years old. Older cancer survivors have complex care needs, and addressing their social determinants of health (SDoH) is critical for improving and managing survivorship outcomes for this uniquely vulnerable population, yet research specifically examining these associations remains limited and emergent. To this end, we describe the emergent body of evidence on the associations between SDoH domains and older cancer survivors’ outcomes.

Recent findings

Despite the limited investigations of SDoH on the health outcomes of older cancer survivors, there were measures representing all domains of SDoH – health care access and quality, education access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, social and community context, and economic stability. We reviewed another determinant, Digital Environment and Engagement, as they are highly relevant to older cancer survivors’ care. Studies primarily investigated outcomes such as the use of or delays in treatment and variables related to care coordination. Generally, poorer access to resources such as income, social networks, and quality health care facilities predicted poorer health outcomes.

We reviewed studies that revealed that SDoH significantly impacts older cancer survivors’ health outcomes. Our description informs future interventions and policies to improve their care.
Long-term Metabolic Outcomes Post–Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation in Recipients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Choksi Harsham , Pleass Henry , Robertson Paul , Au Eric , Rogers Natasha
Published: January 2025

Background.

Simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation is an effective treatment option for type 1 diabetes mellitus and concurrent end-stage kidney disease. However, the diabetogenic effects of immunosuppression can counteract the beneficial effects of sustained normoglycemia. Long-term metabolic trends that reflect cardiovascular risk are reported poorly in the literature.

Methods.

A total of 500 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus receiving SPK transplants at a single center with at least 2-y follow-up were evaluated retrospectively. Metabolic parameters and allograft function were followed longitudinally, including patient and allograft survival, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio up to 10 y posttransplant.

Results.

Patient survival at 1, 5, and 10 y was 97%, 92%, and 87%, and overall death-censored graft survival was 87%, 84%, and 80%, respectively. Survival remained unchanged when stratified by BMI. Compared with pretransplant measurements, BMI significantly increased at 1, 3, and 5 y posttransplant. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased at 10 y posttransplant, with significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 5 y posttransplant. Insulin sensitivity improved significantly at 10 y posttransplant but did not normalize. Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio decreased by 3 y posttransplant but increased significantly between 3 and 10 y posttransplant, although the estimated glomerular filtration rate was unchanged during this time.

Conclusions.

SPK transplantation is associated with excellent patient and graft survival. Significant long-term weight gain occurs despite improving lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity posttransplant. These data potentially reflect an overall cardiovascular burden that should be addressed in this population.
Developmental synchrony and extraordinary multiplication rates in pathogenic organisms
Authors: Greischar Megan A. , Childs Lauren M.
Published: January 2025

The multiplication rates of pathogenic organisms influence disease progression, efficacy of immunity and therapeutics, and potential for within-host evolution. Thus, accurate estimates of multiplication rates are essential for biological understanding. We recently showed that common methods for inferring multiplication rates from malaria infection data substantially overestimate true values (i.e. under simulated scenarios), providing context for extraordinarily large estimates in human malaria parasites. A key unknown is whether this bias arises specifically from malaria parasite biology or represents a broader concern. Here, we identify the potential for biased multiplication rate estimates across pathogenic organisms with different developmental biology by generalizing a within-host malaria model. We find that diverse patterns of developmental sampling bias—the change in detectability over developmental age—reliably generate overestimates of the fold change in abundance, obscuring not just true growth rates but potentially even whether populations are expanding or declining. This pattern emerges whenever synchrony—the degree to which development is synchronized across the population of pathogenic organisms comprising an infection—decays with time. Only with simulated increases in synchrony do we find noticeable underestimates of multiplication rates. Obtaining robust estimates of multiplication rates may require accounting for diverse patterns of synchrony in pathogenic organisms.

This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Circadian rhythms in infection and immunity’.
The role of the jasmonate signalling transcription factors MYC2/3/4 in circadian clock-mediated regulation of immunity in Arabidopsis
Authors: Joseph Rageema , Odendaal Jessica L. , Ingle Robert A. , Roden Laura C.
Published: January 2025

Plants are exposed to pathogens at specific, yet predictable times of the day–night cycle. In Arabidopsis, the circadian clock influences temporal differences in susceptibility to the necrotrophic pathogen
Botrytis cinerea
. The jasmonic acid (JA) pathway regulates immune responses against
B. cinerea
. The paralogous basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4 are primary regulators of the JA pathway, but their role in regulating temporal variation in immunity is untested. This study aimed to investigate the roles of the MYC transcription factors in the temporal defence response to
B. cinerea
. We inoculated leaves from wild-type,
myc
single-, double- and triple-knockout mutants, and lines overexpressing
MYC2
,
MYC3
or
MYC4
, with
B. cinerea
at two times of day in constant light, and compared lesion sizes. The presence of MYC2, MYC3 or MYC4 alone was sufficient to maintain temporal variation in susceptibility, but this was abolished in the
myc234
triple-knockout mutant. Constitutive expression of
MYC2
,
MYC3
or
MYC4
abolished time-of-day differences in susceptibility. The data suggest that MYC2, MYC3 and MYC4 function redundantly in regulating temporal defence responses against
B. cinerea
and are a point of convergence between the JA pathway and the circadian clock in Arabidopsis.

This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Circadian rhythms in infection and immunity’.
PERspectives on circadian cell biology
Authors: Mihut Andrei , O'Neill John S. , Partch Carrie L. , Crosby Priya
Published: January 2025

Daily rhythms in the activities of PERIOD proteins are critical to the temporal regulation of mammalian physiology. While the molecular partners and genetic circuits that allow PERIOD to effect auto-repression and regulate transcriptional programmes are increasingly well understood, comprehension of the time-resolved mechanisms that allow PERIOD to conduct this daily dance is incomplete. Here, we consider the character and controversies of this central mammalian clock protein with a focus on its intrinsically disordered nature.

This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Circadian rhythms in infection and immunity’.
Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus epidermidis prosthetic joint infections: bacterial adhesion and internalization in osteoblasts, synoviocytes and endothelial cells
Authors: Maucotel Anne lise , Crepin Deborah M. , Faure Allison , Valour Florent , Laurent Frédéric , Josse Jérôme
Published: January 2025

Staphylococcus epidermidis is frequently isolated during prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Unlike Staphylococcus aureus, its internalization and persistence within cells are controversial. We aimed to determine whether internalization is involved in the pathophysiology of S. epidermidis PJIs. Adhesion and internalization of S. epidermidis PJI isolates have been studied using an in vitro model. Despite similar adhesion levels to the S. aureus SH1000 reference strain, S. epidermidis isolates had a low internalization in osteoblasts, synoviocytes and endothelial cells. Internalization of S. epidermidis is strain- and cell-type dependent. Our results do not support S. epidermidis internalization as a key factor in PJIs.
Tool-use brain representations are independent of the acting body part and motor experience
Authors: Martinez-Addiego Florencia , Liu Yuqi , Moon Kyungji , Shytle Elizabeth , Amaral Lénia , O'Brien Caroline , Sen Sriparna , Riesenhuber Maximilian , Culham Jody C , Striem-Amit Ella R
Published: January 2025

The sensorimotor system is broadly organized somatotopically. However, an action-type organization has also been found: a division based on action-type independent of acting body parts has been shown for reaching and grasping actions. Does this generalization extend to non-ethological actions? Here, we examined fMRI responses for tool-use actions that participants performed with their hands or feet. We additionally tested individuals born without hands to control for hand motor imagery when performing foot actions. We show that the primary sensorimotor cortices have hand and foot selectivity, consistent with a somatotopic organization. In contrast, higher-level motor areas within the tool-use network, such as the premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, and superior parietal cortices, showed a shared preference for tool-use independent of the executing body part and sensorimotor experience. Multivariate decoding of action-type in these areas generalized between controls' hand and foot and was successful in individuals born without hands. Finally, the temporal dynamics pattern in primary and association areas carried effector-specific and action-type information, respectively. Altogether, we show that the tool-use network in motor association areas represents higher-order action information beyond concrete motor parameters associated with specific effectors, and regardless of hand motor experience. This suggests that an action-type, effector-independent organization extends beyond ethological actions, supporting a hierarchical organization in the action domain. Further, it shows that functional organization in congenital handlessness is based on the hierarchical organization of the intact cortex.
Performance optimization of the CLIC positron source
Authors: Zhao Yongke , Doebert Steffen , Latina Andrea
Published: January 2025

The baseline configuration of the Compact Linear Collider positron source is optimized at three different collision energy stages for both drive beam-based and klystron-based acceleration modes. The hybrid target is replaced with a single amorphous tungsten target with the target thickness and electron beam spot size optimized. As a result of the optimization, compared with the old baseline configuration, the positron yield has been improved by a factor of 1.65, enabling the same reduction in the bunch charge and beam power of the primary electron beam. The total deposited power in the target is reduced by a factor of 2.1. The most realistic start-to-end simulation to date of the system from the target to the injector linac is performed taking into account new design of essential hardware. The impact of misalignments is studied for the first time and is found to be small and acceptable. Possibility for reducing the primary electron beam energy is investigated. With a bunch charge below 1 nC, it is possible to reduce the energy from 5 GeV to a minimum of 2.3 GeV with the linac length and costs reduced accordingly. The deposited power in the target is also reduced with the energy.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Beam breakup instability studies of powerful energy recovery linac for experiments
Authors: Setiniyaz S. , Apsimon R. , Williams P. H. , Barbagallo C. , Bogacz S. A. , Bodenstein R. M. , Deitrick K.
Published: January 2025

The maximum achievable beam current in an energy recovery linac (ERL) is often constrained by beam breakup (BBU) instability. Our previous research highlighted that filling patterns have a substantial impact on BBU instabilities in multipass ERLs. In this study, we extend our investigation to the eight-cavity model of the Powerful ERL for Experiment (PERLE). We evaluate its requirements for damping cavity higher order modes (HOMs) and propose optimal filling patterns and bunch timing strategies. Our findings reveal a significant new insight: while filling patterns are crucial, the timing of bunches also plays a critical role in mitigating HOM beam loading and BBU instability. This previously underestimated factor is essential for effective BBU control. We estimated the PERLE threshold current using both analytical and numerical models, incorporating the designed PERLE HOM dampers. During manufacturing, HOM frequencies are expected to vary slightly. Our study found no significant difference in BBU suppression for relative rms frequency jitters of 0.001, 0.002, and 0.005 for the same HOM. Introducing a jitter of 0.001 into our models, we found that the dampers effectively suppressed BBU instability, achieving a threshold current an order of magnitude higher than the design requirement. Our results offer new insights into ERL BBU beam dynamics and have important implications for the design of future ERLs.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Electric field induced second-order anomalous Hall transport in unconventional Rashba systems
Authors: Bhattacharya Ankita , Black-Schaffer Annica M.
Published: January 2025

Nonlinear responses in transport experiments may unveil information and generate new phenomena in materials that are not accessible at linear order due to symmetry constraints. While the linear anomalous Hall response strictly requires the absence of time-reversal symmetry, the second-order, thus nonlinear, Hall response needs broken inversion symmetry. Recently, much effort has been made to obtain a second-order Hall voltage in response to a longitudinal ac driving current, both to obtain information about band geometric quantities and for its useful technological applications, including rectification and frequency doubling. Typically, additional material engineering is required in noncentrosymmetric systems to obtain second-order responses since it obeys a stringent crystallographic symmetry constraint. To circumvent this, an alternative route is to apply a dc electric field. In this Letter, we uncover an electric field induced second-order anomalous Hall effect in inversion-broken systems possessing experimentally accessible unconventional Rashba bands. We establish that the quantum metric, a geometrical feature of electronic wave functions providing information on the nontrivial structure of Bloch bands, is responsible for providing the nonlinear Hall response.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Black holes in multimetric gravity. II. Hairy solutions and linear stability of the non- and partially proportional branches
Authors: Wood Kieran , Saffin Paul M. , Avgoustidis Anastasios
Published: January 2025

Owing to our work in part I of this series of papers, it is understood that the analytically known black hole solutions in the theory of ghost-free multimetric gravity can be split into three distinct classes and that one of these classes—the proportional branch—exhibits the Gregory-Laflamme instability at linear level in the metric perturbations, whenever the black hole horizon size is smaller than (roughly) the Compton wavelength of the theory’s lightest massive graviton. In this first of two sequels, we determine the linear stability of the two remaining classes of black hole solutions—the nonproportional and partially proportional branches—and discuss how our results likely differ at nonlinear level. We also give a general prescription to construct multimetric solutions describing black holes endowed with massive graviton hair, which may constitute the end state of the instability in the proportional branch. We utilize a tractable example model involving three metrics to see how this works in practice and determine the asymptotic form of its corresponding hairy solutions at infinity, where one can clearly see the individual contributions from each of the graviton mass modes.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Frozen generalized symmetries
Authors: Cvetič Mirjam , Dierigl Markus , Lin Ling , Torres Ethan , Zhang Hao Y.
Published: January 2025

M-theory frozen singularities are (locally) D- or E-type orbifold singularities with a background fractional C3-monodromy surrounding them. In this paper, we revisit such backgrounds and address several puzzling features of their physics. We first give a top-down derivation of how the D- or E-type 7D N=1 gauge theory directly “freezes” to a lower-rank gauge theory due to the C3 background. This relies on a Hanany-Witten effect of fractional M5 branes and the presence of a gauge anomaly of fractional

D

p

probes in the circle reduction. Additionally, we compute defect groups and 8D symmetry topological field theories of the 7D frozen theories in several duality frames. We apply our results to understanding the evenness condition of strings ending on O7+ planes, and calculating the global forms of supergravity gauge groups of M-theory compactified on T4/Γ with frozen singularities. We also revisit IIA ADE singularities with a C1-monodromy along a 1-cycle in the boundary lens space and show that this freezes the gauge degrees of freedom via confinement.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Symbolic forms analysis of expressions for probability in Dirac and wave function notations for spins-first students
Authors: Riihiluoma William D. , Topdemir Zeynep , Thompson John R.
Published: January 2025

The ability to relate physical concepts and phenomena to multiple mathematical representations—and to move fluidly between these representations—is a critical outcome expected of physics instruction. In upper-division quantum mechanics, students must work with multiple symbolic notations, including some that they have not previously encountered. Thus, developing the ability to generate and translate expressions in these notations is of great importance, and the extent to which students can relate these expressions to physical quantities and phenomena is crucial to understand. To investigate student understanding of the expressions used in these notations and the ways they relate, clinical think-aloud interviews were conducted with students enrolled in an upper-division quantum mechanics course. Analysis of these interviews used the symbolic forms framework to determine the ways that participants interpret and reason about these expressions. Multiple symbolic forms—internalized connections between symbolic templates and their conceptual interpretations—were identified in both Dirac and wave function notations, suggesting that students develop an understanding of expressions for probability both in terms of their constituent pieces and as larger composite expressions.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Nonequilibrium transport and the fluctuation theorem in the thermodynamic behaviors of nonlinear photonic systems
Authors: Liu Yang , Lu Jincheng , Xiong Zhongfei , Wu Fan O. , Christodoulides Demetrios , Chen Yuntian , Jiang Jian-Hua
Published: January 2025

Nonlinear multimode optical systems have attracted substantial attention due to their rich physical properties. Complex interplay between the nonlinear effects and mode couplings makes it difficult to understand the collective dynamics of photons. Authors of recent studies have shown that such collective phenomena can be effectively described by Rayleigh-Jeans thermodynamics theory, which is a powerful tool for the study of nonlinear multimode photonic systems. These systems, in turn, offer a compelling platform for investigating fundamental issues in statistical physics, attributed to their tunability and the ability to access negative temperature regimes. However, to date, a theory for nonequilibrium transport and fluctuations is yet to be established. Here, we employ full counting statistics theory to study the nonequilibrium transport of particles and energy in nonlinear multimode photonic systems in both positive and negative temperature regimes. Furthermore, we discover that, in situations involving two reservoirs of opposite temperatures and chemical potentials, an intriguing phenomenon known as the loop current effect can arise, wherein the current in the positive energy sector runs counter to that in the negative energy sector. In addition, we numerically confirm that the fluctuation theorem remains applicable in optical thermodynamics systems across all regimes, from positive temperatures to negative ones. Our findings closely align with numerical simulations based on first-principles nonlinear wave equations. In this paper, we seek to deepen the understanding of irreversible nonequilibrium processes and statistical fluctuations in nonlinear many-body photonic systems which will enhance our grasp of collective phenomena of photons and foster a fruitful intersection between optics and statistical physics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Non-Hermitian topology and entanglement in an optomechanical superlattice
Authors: Brzezicki Wojciech , Hyart Timo , Massel Francesco
Published: January 2025

The interplay between topology and dissipation can give rise to a wealth of new phenomena and pave the way for novel topological lasers, sensors, and other quantum devices. Along these lines, we propose here an optomechanical setup in which the concomitant presence of a spatially modulated external drive and dissipation gives rise to a topologically nontrivial state for mechanical and optical excitations. We are able to show that the one-dimensional system considered here exhibits topologically protected end states for which mechanical and optical degrees of freedom are entangled. We show such entanglement to be robust with respect to the presence of nonzero-temperature baths and we propose a protocol for experimental observation of the entanglement.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Synthesis and diverse crystal packing in o-, m- and p-bis(carbonylthioureido)benzenes containing bisferrocenes
Authors: Duan Xin-E , Jiang Ze-Jin , Tong Hong-Bo , Bai Sheng-Di
Published: January 2025

Three bisferrocene-based bis(acylthiourea) positional isomers, namely, 1,2-bis(ferrocenylcarbonylthioureido)benzene (1), 1,3-bis(ferrocenylcarbonylthioureido)benzene (2) and 1,4-bis(ferrocenylcarbonylthioureido)benzene (3), all [Fe2(C5H5)2(C20H16N4O2S2)], have been synthesized via facile nucleophilic addition reactions of 2.3 equivalents of ferrocenoyl isothiocyanate with o-, m- and p-phenylenediamine, respectively. The structures of the three new synthesized isomers were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy, elemental analyses and cyclic voltammetry. In addition, the structures of acetone monosolvated compound 1 (1·CH3COCH3
), as well as compounds 2 and 3, have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. A combination of intermolecular N—H...S and C—H...S hydrogen bonds connects the components of compound 1·CH3COCH3
into infinite helix chains. Two pairs of different N—H...S and C—H...S intermolecular hydrogen bonds, as well as N—H...O and C—H...π co-operating interactions, link the molecules of compound 2 into a two-dimensional network. In contrast, compound 3 displays a one-dimensional double-chain array via two intermolecular C—H...S hydrogen bonds. Therefore, the three reported positional isomers present unique individual crystal assemblies.
Impact of online food delivery usage on switching costs, variety seeking and marketing exposure
Authors: Zhou Jiaying , Sakiyama Ryo , Ye Mingqi , Dahana Wirawan Dony
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study investigates how the use of online food delivery (OFD) services can motivate consumers to switch between food providers through its impact on switching costs, variety-seeking tendencies and exposure to competitors' marketing activities.

Design/methodology/approach

We develop a structural equation model in which the usage frequency of OFD services is postulated to weaken procedural and relational switching costs and increase variety-seeking tendency and marketing exposure. The model is calibrated using online survey data collected in China and Japan (n = 602).

Findings

The results suggest that the frequent use of OFD services weakens procedural and relational switching costs and increases customer exposure to competing firms' marketing activities. Surprisingly, OFD reduces some customers' variety-seeking tendencies.

Originality/value

While many studies have delineated the benefits that food retailers obtain by adopting OFD services, little attention has been paid to how these services can be detrimental to adopting firms. This study provides evidence of how OFD services reduce switching costs and make customers more vulnerable to competitors’ marketing.