bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lie Back and Drink of England: National Identity, Nostalgia and Sea Travel in Edward Bawden’s The English Pub
Authors: Love Samuel
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines Edward Bawden’s enigmatic mural, The English Pub (1949–51), which was painted for the Orient Line vessel, SS Oronsay. The author discusses the peculiar context in which the mural was both painted and viewed, accommodating its literal context aboard the ocean liner and the wider sociopolitical context in which it was conceived. By untangling the many incongruous and absurd elements of The English Pub, the chapter explores a neglected but thematically rich intervention in the story of modern British art to elucidate how Bawden responded to his commission with characteristically esoteric humour and what this tells us about the relationship between art, national identity, and sea travel.
Designing the Ocean Liners of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany
Authors: Fortuna James J.
Published: January 2023

James J. Fortuna considers the design, role, and legacy of the often-overlooked ocean liners commissioned by Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany as part of the regime by each country to nationalize their respective tourism industries. The chapter argues that, aside from the more apparent domestic propaganda value of the programmes, these ships were also critical for the regimes to assert themselves in global diplomatic terms. This new transatlantic exchange of tourists and professionals served to demystify Italy and Germany while simultaneously legitimizing their new political systems. Analysis of design plans, interior details, posters and advertising material contributes to the understanding of the role played by these inter-war liners.
Epilogue
Authors: Roberts Emma
Published: January 2023

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
Illusion Versus Style In History Painting
Authors: Smyth Patricia
Published: January 2023

This chapter draws on nineteenth-century art criticism and theory to reveal two contrasting modes of spectatorship at the annual Salon exhibition. Delaroche’s art addressed a new type of viewer who, lacking artistic expertise, was indifferent to the stylistic or technical questions specific to the medium, preferring to engage with the emotional content of painting. Whereas previous studies have focussed on the ‘battle’ between classiques and romantiques, this chapter shifts attention to the lesser-known fault line between the cultural elite and the ‘ordinary’ Salon-goer. Whether experiencing panoramas or dioramas, or viewing tableaux in the Salon, this new public sought the sensation of immediacy. A counter-mode, associated with artists and connoisseurs, took pleasure in mediation for its own sake. This is evidenced in the emergence of a new definition of style in the 1830s as something that may be discussed independently of the emotional or conceptual content of a work.
Narrative Strategy: THE ASSASSINATION OF THE DUC DE GUISE, HENRI III ET SA COUR , and early nineteenth-century word–image debates
Authors: Smyth Patricia
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores Delaroche’s narrative strategy through a close reading of his Assassination of the Duc de Guise at the Salon of 1835. It challenges the familiar designation of narrative painting as ‘literary’, with all that term suggests of works that are instantly accessible in the manner of a simple text. Far from offering easy legibility, the Duc de Guise was thought to lack any meaning at all: in place of the analysis expected of history painting, the picture seemed to present a bald and unedifying representation of a murder. The chapter draws comparisons with Alexandre Dumas’ Romantic drama Henri III et sa cour. While the painting has been deemed ‘literary’, Henri III was noted for its pictorialism. However, it is argued that both play and painting evidence a challenge to traditional conceptions of the relative values of word and image as articulated in Lessing’s famous text, Laocoön.
Listening to the Caribbean
Authors: Munro Martin
Published: January 2023

The book explores representations of sounds in contemporary accounts of slavery and revolt in the Caribbean, as a way of understanding the broader “auditory culture” of the enslaved, what it retained from African sources, and how it evolved in the plantations of the Caribbean. The primary aim of the book is quite ambitious: to open up the Caribbean to a “sound studies” approach, and to thereby effect a shift in Caribbean studies away from the predominantly visual biases of most scholarly works and towards a fuller understanding of early Caribbean societies through listening in to the past. Paying close attention to auditory elements in written accounts of slavery and revolts allows us to unlock the sounds that are registered and recorded there, so that not only does one gain a more sensorially full understanding of the society, but also to a considerable extent, the voices and subjectivities of the enslaved are brought out of the silence to which they have been largely consigned. Reading texts in this way, listening to the sounds of language, work, festivity, music, laughter, mourning, and warfare, for example, allows one to know better the lives of the enslaved people, and how, counter to the largely visual power of the planters, the people developed a highly sophisticated auditory culture that in large part ensured their survival and indeed their final victories over the institution of slavery.
The Atlantic Culture Of The Ear
Authors: Munro Martin
Published: January 2023

The first chapter proposes and explores the notion of an Atlantic “culture of the ear,” which has to do with sound, but also with the ear as a site of punishment and control, adornment and expression. What did it mean for the maroons of Guyane to have their ears cropped in the manner stipulated by the Code Noir? Why did the French choose this particular punishment, and how was it applied across the Caribbean and Louisiana? The chapter considers the importance of hearing and the ear more generally to the African people of the Americas. Importantly, the chapter asks how the African people understood the senses, and how that understanding related to that of the Europeans? Can the Western taxonomy of the senses be applied to people of African descent?
From Slavery to Resistance
Authors: Munro Martin
Published: January 2023

The chapter considers the sounds of resistance and revolt in the Caribbean. In warfare, as becomes ever more apparent in the chapter, there is a certain battle for control of the sonic domain that is crucial to the outcome of the conflict, even to the point that misheard sounds could be said to have precipitated to some degree the end of the institution of slavery itself. The chapter argues that there is no clearly defined difference or movement between states of enslavement and resistance. As the narratives of Labat, Moreau, and Marly show, or rather, make audible, defiance was always part of slavery, enslavement was never truly successful or complete, and resistance was expressed in large part through the complex auditory culture of the enslaved, a large part of which was brought from Africa, and which was adapted to and creolized in the new environment.
Savage-Word
Authors: Baek Jiewon
Published: January 2023

Two of Thierry Beinstingel’s novels, Composants (2002) and Retour aux mots sauvages (2010), are central to this chapter’s demonstration of the battle between destructive forces that threaten to extinguish life and the emergence of willfulness to preserve life. The figure of the savage-word represents the point of deliberation of an action, which, faced with a negative force to violently end life, can veer towards positive protention. The mediation of this anxious space of the savage-word occurs through fictional labor, which shapes the psychic life at the collective level by creating a will not to overcome alterity but a will for careful sensibility to alterity. The savage-word is hence contrary to the savage ontology that Foucault introduces in Les mots et les choses, which presents life as an autonomous will-to-survive. The contrast is further explained in terms of the exposure of jouissance to environmental elements and the technical conditioning of the body, which are insights gleaned via the juxtaposition of Levinas and Stiegler.
Introduction
Authors: Yee Jennifer
Published: January 2023

Decadence is a slippery signifier whose wide-ranging overlaps with French colonialism have often been neglected, despite the rise of colonial ideology in the fin-de-siècle heyday of Decadence. This introduction begins by looking at the contradictory ways in which colonialism was called on within broad theories of civilizational decline. Colonial expansion was sometimes seen as hastening decline by encouraging mixing, but more often the colonies were viewed as a means of renewing national energy. Racialist theories contributed to notions that imperialist expansion was essential in the struggle for survival between the European ‘races’. These anti-Decadent stances nevertheless coexist with deliberately provocative, celebratory forms of Decadence. Decadent aesthetics also make recurrent use of Orientalism, and in particular Orientalist ornamentalism, which is used by Decadence as part of its subversion of the mimetic contract. Valorising ornamentation and disintegration, fetishizing individual parts at the expense of the whole and the peripheral at the expense of the essential, Decadence is a celebration of irrelevance and marginality.
Decadent and Anti-Decadent Colonial Networks of the Belle Époque: Littérature coloniale as a Rhetorical Alliance
Authors: Kapor Vladimir
Published: January 2023

This chapter contends that the expression littérature coloniale française did not designate a unified literary movement or tendency when it first appeared near the end of the Belle époque. Rather, focussing on the criticism and programmatic writings produced by two literary networks, ‘Les Français d’Asie’ (1909-1914) and La Grande France (1900-1903), I argue that this watchword should be viewed as the ensign of a rhetorical alliance between proponents of decadent and anti-decadent aesthetics and discourses, also divided along geographical and generational lines. Colonialist tropes of societal renaissance and national regeneration through overseas expansion, borrowed from the turn-of-the-century political arena, afford a rallying point and a respectable social purpose to a range of diverse and sometimes opposed literary aesthetics, uniting the contrasting representations of French-governed Asia and Africa under the banner of littérature coloniale.
The Anarchist Denunciation of Decadent Colonialism: Georges Darien, Octave Mirbeau and Jules Vallès
Authors: Lorig Aurélien
Published: January 2023

Behind the colonialist speeches of the Third Republic lay the reality of an undertaking that was hotly disputed by writers resisting the dominant political attitudes of the Belle Époque. Anti-colonialist authors such as Jules Vallès, Octave Mirbeau and Georges Darien saw colonialism not as a source of renewed energy but as the main reason for French decline. Their anti-colonial literature includes polemical discourse in journalism, novels, short stories, theatre, and pamphlets. A virulent rhetoric deploys irony, satire and parody to focus the reader's attention on the violence and inhumanity of colonial wars. It exposes political claims that colonial expansion will lead to a renewal of national energy, arguing instead that it will drive the nation towards a moral fall. The colonial remedy to the nation’s decline is itself a poison.
Exoticism and the Threat of Contagion: Danger or Therapy for Decadent Dance
Authors: Marquié Hélène
Published: January 2023

After the 1870 defeat French ballet, a symbol of the prestige of French culture, was seen as under threat from foreign elements and the lower classes. The ‘École française’ embodied purity of style and taste, and many lamented the decadence of dance compared to the seventeenth century, when ballet was dominated by aristocratic men. Dance in the late nineteenth century, in contrast, was feminized, and also enriched by popular and exotic influences. Paradoxically, these factors contributing to the vitality and diversity of dance were deemed responsible for its decadence, but at the same time they were expected to regenerate it either by looking back to tradition or forward to modernity. Dance was seen as an acute societal issue because of its bodily nature, and ways of dancing moved across national, social and gender boundaries, potentially spreading decadence through the nation. Exoticism was a pharmakon: a cause and symptom of degeneration but also, perhaps, its cure. Only the right kind of exoticism could regenerate the classicism of French choreography.
Remains
Authors: Panaite Oana
Published: January 2023

In La Matière de l’absence (2016), a genre-defying book inspired by his mother’s passing, Patrick Chamoiseau engages in a multi-layered poetics of recovery that spans from individual and family recollections to reflections on precolonial history and the prehistoric condition of humanity. The tragedy of the 1902 eruption of the Montagne Pelée that effectively destroyed the colonial city of Saint-Pierre transforming it into an “immense sépulcre” represents the lynchpin of his narrative. Over a hundred years later, revisiting this site once left for dead and then eventually reborn, occasions a meditation on ruins, an enduring trope of Western literature from Homer and Virgil to Petrarch and Du Bellay, and from Byron and Lamartine to Yourcenar and De Lillo. Nonetheless, rather than eliciting an elegiac reaction over the loss that occurred in this “champ de destruction,” the experience underscores the past’s powerful, “energetic” presence. The chapter shows that Chamoiseau’s writing of necrofiction combines a longing for the monumental, reflective of his own desire of establishing a canonical literary legacy, with the collective anonymous manifestations of “Traces-mémoires” which preclude any pretension to fixity and monumentality.
Polin
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter turns to the POLIN Museum. It shows that the museum is not a conventional work of historiography. POLIN does, however, present both history and an unmistakable metahistory, which the chapter attempts to explicate. It argues that the creators of the POLIN permanent exhibition brought to life the interpretation of Polish Jewish history catalysed in the historiography of the preceding fifty years or so. The very existence of this museum devoted to Jewish history, as well as its scale, its significant educational role, its central location in Poland's capital, and the extensive financial and political support it has received from Polish governmental sources, all point to a basic tenet of the new metahistory. The museum motto that the author suggests also captures the spirit of the current regnant metahistory.
Jewish Perceptions of Persecution and Powerlessness in the Commonwealth
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter explores Jewish security in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. In assessing the likelihood that the Polish kings might have driven the Jews out of Poland–Lithuania in the seventeenth century, Israel Halpern concluded that, despite factors favouring expulsion, the Jews had been safe. Their wealth, economic role, and political influence secured their position. This theme has been taken up over the last two generations by historians living in North America, Israel, and Europe. Writers intimately familiar with the strength and achievements of Jewish communities in pluralist societies have tended to emphasise the fundamental security and the real economic and political power that the Jews possessed in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
A Minority Views the Majority
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines Jewish attitudes toward Poles. The behaviour of the various subordinate minorities of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth towards Polish hegemony covers a broad theoretical spectrum: from rebellious through resigned, to accepting, to assimilationist. At one extreme are the Germans, Scots, and others who reached an accommodation with Polish domination that resulted in their eventual assimilation and integration. At the other extreme are the Arians, whose failure to submit to the demands of subordinate status led, in 1667, to their expulsion from the country. The Jews' position was between the extremes. Polish society supported the Jews' communal institutions, mainly tolerated their cultural differences, and offered opportunities for successful articulation with the general economic order. In exchange, the Jews resigned themselves to domination and, by and large, remained within the bounds of the economic, social, and political roles that the majority defined for them.
The Authority of the Council of Four Lands Outside Poland–Lithuania
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter attempts to probe the question of the geographical extent of the power of the Va'ad Arba Aratsot, the ‘national’ governing body of Polish Jewry. The objective of this chapter is to explore whether, how, and how effectively the Va'ad was involved in controversies in Jewish communities in countries outside Poland, from Amsterdam to Jerusalem. The conclusion is that the Va'ad did take a stand in some foreign controversies. It did not, however, presume to have coercive authority over non-Polish Jews. When it intervened, it was by invitation only, never on its own initiative. Moreover, its intervention was never very effective. The Va'ad enjoyed recognition, prestige, and admiration throughout the Jewish world, but had no real power outside the boundaries of the Commonwealth.
History of Jewish Women in the Commonwealth I
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter leads by presenting and critiquing important expositions by Chava Weissler, Shaul Stampfer, and Iris Parush. Each characterised the gender arrangements of eastern European Jewry. The chapter points out the problems with the theoretical paradigm of separate, mutually exclusive, complementary female and male social spheres. It proposes instead that, within overall Jewish culture controlled primarily by men, women were assigned two basic roles by the male hegemony: to be observers and facilitators of male economic, social, and — especially — religious and cultural performance. The main thesis is that over time the observer role was gradually transformed to allow for more female performance, but that the underlying motivation for this was to enhance women's facilitator roles.
History of Jewish Women in the Commonwealth II
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter details conventional gender stereotypes and expectations in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Most sources for the history of the Jews in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were written by men for men. Men dominated public political and religious life and overwhelmingly held the most powerful economic positions. They also benefited from more legal rights than women. However, once one asks what life was like for Jewish women in the early modern Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, it turns out that there are sources that relate to women's experiences. It is possible to combine ‘her-story’ with ‘his-story’, transforming the historical narrative. Moreover, patriarchy and male domination of certain areas of social, cultural, and economic life were not absolute. The chapter thus goes on to describe how early modern Polish Jewish women's increasingly active roles tended to subvert preconceptions about their gender in real life.
Leah Horowitz’s Tkhine imohos
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter is a translation and analysis of the three-part, trilingual booklet, Tkhine imohos. This was composed by the learned Leah Horowitz, whose life spanned most of the eighteenth century. An older contemporary of the famous pioneering English feminist Mary Wollstonecraft, in some ways Horowitz was Wollstonecraft's Jewish analogue. Her booklet was a mix of conventional beliefs about women's and men's gender roles combined with demands that women attain a higher profile in Torah study, synagogue prayer, and observance of mitsvot (commandments). Like other tkhines, Tkhine imohos highlighted the religious importance of the biblical matriarchs. Here, the full translation, commentary, and close analysis of the booklet are presented as a valuable source in academic discourse.
The Rise of Hasidism
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This chapter presents a version of how hasidism began. It provides a construction of hasidic history that asserts that Israel Ba'al Shem Tov did not start a ‘movement’. Rather, he introduced some innovations to a traditional style of mystical pietism long denoted as ‘hasidism’ that in subsequent generations developed into a new type of mass movement that constituted a new hasidism. Through the last decades of the eighteenth century and into the early nineteenth, this hasidism gradually differentiated from its traditionalist predecessor, developing a literary canon, religious doctrines, behaviour patterns, leadership models, an array of institutions, and, most of all, a self-consciousness that it was a movement. It was in the nineteenth century that this hasidism reached maturity with numerical strength, geographical spread, institutional stability, financial resources, doctrinal sophistication, and political influence.
Conclusion
Authors: Rosman Moshe
Published: January 2023

This concluding chapter outlines the themes discussed in this book. The first theme addresses the issue of historians' objectivity versus subjectivity, which has been continually explored, analysed, deliberated upon, and debated. The second theme is how the relationship between Poland and its Jews has been expressed, particularly through metaphors. Third, the chapter takes a look at Polish Jewish women's issues. The final theme of this non-chronological narrative of Polish Jewish history is hasidism. The chapter ties all of these themes together by returning to the metanarrative discussed in the introductory chapter. This new metahistorical development has changed the emphasis from the leaders to the followers, from the eighteenth century to the nineteenth, from intellectual history to social history, and from a narrow collection of exclusively Jewish sources to a larger source base that includes non-Jewish ones as well.
Identifying Diffuse Spatial Structures in High-energy Photon Lists
Authors: Fan Minjie , Wang Jue , Kashyap Vinay L. , Lee Thomas C. M. , van Dyk David A. , Zezas Andreas
Published: January 2023

Data from high-energy observations are usually obtained as lists of photon events. A common analysis task for such data is to identify whether diffuse emission exists, and to estimate its surface brightness, even in the presence of point sources that may be superposed. We have developed a novel nonparametric event list segmentation algorithm to divide up the field of view into distinct emission components. We use photon location data directly, without binning them into an image. We first construct a graph from the Voronoi tessellation of the observed photon locations and then grow segments using a new adaptation of seeded region growing that we call Seeded Region Growing on Graph, after which the overall method is named SRGonG. Starting with a set of seed locations, this results in an oversegmented data set, which SRGonG then coalesces using a greedy algorithm where adjacent segments are merged to minimize a model comparison statistic; we use the Bayesian Information Criterion. Using SRGonG we are able to identify point-like and diffuse extended sources in the data with equal facility. We validate SRGonG using simulations, demonstrating that it is capable of discerning irregularly shaped low-surface-brightness emission structures as well as point-like sources with strengths comparable to that seen in typical X-ray data. We demonstrate SRGonG’s use on the Chandra data of the Antennae galaxies and show that it segments the complex structures appropriately.
Chromospheric Heating by Acoustic Waves Compared to Radiative Cooling. II. Revised Grid of Models
Authors: Abbasvand Vahid , Sobotka Michal , Heinzel Petr , Švanda Michal , Jurčák Jan , del Moro Dario , Berrilli Francesco
Published: January 2023

Acoustic and magnetoacoustic waves are considered to be possible agents of chromospheric heating. We present a comparison of deposited acoustic energy flux with total integrated radiative losses in the middle chromosphere of the quiet Sun and a weak plage. The comparison is based on a consistent set of high-resolution observations acquired by the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectrometer instrument in the Ca ii 854.2 nm line. The deposited acoustic-flux energy is derived from Doppler velocities observed in the line core and a set of 1737 non-local thermodynamic equilibrium 1D hydrostatic semi-empirical models, which also provide the radiative losses. The models are obtained by scaling the temperature and column mass of five initial models by Vernazza et al. (1981; VAL) B–F to get the best fit of synthetic to observed profiles. We find that the deposited acoustic-flux energy in the quiet-Sun chromosphere balances 30%–50% of the energy released by radiation. In the plage, it contributes by 50%–60% in locations with vertical magnetic field and 70%–90% in regions where the magnetic field is inclined more than 50°  to the solar surface normal.
Imagery and UV Spectroscopy of the LMC Supernova Remnant N103B Using HST
Authors: Blair William P. , Ghavamian Parviz , Raymond John C. , Williams Brian J. , Sankrit Ravi , Long Knox S. , Winkler P. Frank , Pirzkal Norbert , Seitenzahl Ivo R.
Published: January 2023

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/Wide Field Camera 3 multiband imagery of N103B, which is the remnant of a SN Ia in the Large Magellanic Cloud, as well as HST/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) ultraviolet spectroscopy of the brightest radiatively shocked region. The images show a wide range of morphology and relative emission-line intensities, from smooth Balmer-line dominated collisionless shocks that are due to the primary blast wave to clumpy radiative shock filaments that are due to secondary shocks in density enhancements. The COS data show strong FUV line emissions, despite a moderately high extinction along this line of sight. We use the COS data with previous optical spectra to constrain the shock conditions, we refine the abundance analysis, and we find abundances that are typical of the local interstellar medium within the uncertainties. Under an assumption that the material being shocked was shed from the pre-supernova system, this finding places constraints on any significant enrichment in that material, and thus on the non-degenerate star in what was presumably a single-degenerate SN Ia.
Possible Discrimination of Black Hole Origins from the Lensing Rate of DECIGO and B-DECIGO Sources
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Zhengxiang , Zhao Shaoxin , Zhou Huan , Gao He
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we forecast the expected detection rates and redshift distributions of gravitationally lensed gravitational waves (GWs) from three different mass distributions of primordial black holes (PBHs) and two stellar formation models of astrophysical black holes (ABHs) in the context of the DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO) and its smaller-scale version B-DECIGO. It suggests that DECIGO will be able to detect 104–105 GW signals from such binary black holes each year and the event rate distributions for PBHs will differ from those for ABHs due to their different merger rate with respect to redshift. The large number of event rates makes 5–70 detections of lensed GW signals possible. After considering the gravitational lensing effect, the difference between the detection rates and distributions for PBHs and ABHs will be more significant. Therefore, this can be served as a complementary method to distinguish PBHs from ABHs.
Ghost in the Shell: Evidence for Past Active Galactic Nucleus Activities in NGC 5195 from a Newly Discovered Large-scale Ionized Structure
Authors: Xu 许 Xiaoyu 啸宇 , Wang Junfeng
Published: January 2023

The early-type galaxy NGC 5195 (alternatively known as M51b) possesses extended gas features detected in the multiwavelength, postulated to be associated with previous activities of the central supermassive black hole. Using integral field spectroscopic observations from the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope/SITELLE, we report on the discovery of a new large-scale ionized gas structure traced by [O iii], [N ii], and Hα line emission, extending to ∼10 kpc from the nucleus of NGC 5195. Its bipolar morphology, emission-line ratio diagnostics, and comparison with the X-ray image from Chandra and low-frequency radio data from LOFAR all indicate that it is likely an outflow inflated by a past episode of elevated active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity. Assuming the ionized gas is outflowing from the central region of NGC 5195, the estimated mass and energy outflow rates are

M

̇

out

=
3.5

–27.9 M
☉ yr−1 and

E

̇

out

=
0.98

–7.9 × 1040 erg s−1, respectively, which cannot be provided by current star formation and the low-luminosity nucleus. Alternatively, considering the history of gravitational interaction between the M51 pair and the presence of the H i tidal tail, the northern large-scale ionized gas could very likely be associated with tidally stripped material illuminated by a luminous AGN in the past.
Reducing the risk of bias in academic publishing
Authors: Thien Nguyen Hoang
Published: January 2023

The risk of bias in academic publishing is present from the first stages of the publishing process when the author creates an account and submits the manuscript, which becomes subject to the rights and power of journal editors. The author’s disclosure of certain personal information risks exposing him/her to biases for or against certain groups of authors. To reduce these potential biases, reviewers and editors involved in the assessment of author works should be prevented from accessing authors’ information until the final decision regarding publication has been made. Some information, such as authors’ ORCID details, can be requested after the article is accepted for publication. Standardizing appeal procedures and establishing protocols for handling author appeals is a necessary step in the effort to reduce publication bias. Regulations for the cover letter to editor should also be put in place to ensure that authors’ personal information is not disclosed, either explicitly or implicitly.
Sustainable Developments of Modern Soil-Less Agro-Cultivation Systems
Authors: Boopathi Sampath , Siva Kumar Praveen Kumar , Meena Radhey Shyam , J. Samson Isaac , P. Suresh Kumar , Sudhakar M.
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, the various terminologies of soilless Agro-cultivation systems have been explained. Various factors have been used to explain the classification of soilless cultivation systems. Different fabrication elements of soilless, aquaponic systems are illustrated with the utilization of bio-fish and plant waste components. The essential components for the design and fabrication of small and large aquaponic systems have been explained. The implementation of the internet of things (IoT) in the aquaponic system has been illustrated using microcontroller devices.
Comprehensive Characterisation of Biomass and Weather for Deployment of the Renewable Energy Systems
Authors: Yustas Yusto Mugisha , Silayo Valerian Cosmas
Published: January 2023

The inefficient use of traditional biomass energy sources for cooking and scarce electricity are challenges in the least developed countries. This chapter presents the comprehensive characterisation approach for renewable energy (RE) related resources and sources, which support the measures to address the challenges. The approach's effectiveness is demonstrated in rural semi-arid areas. The demonstration involved sampling and laboratory analysis of cow dung (CD), data collection and analysis of solar irradiance, wind speed (WS), and ambient temperature (AT). In addition, weather data were collected using the novel onsite weather station. Results show that the area has quality CD (C/N ratio of 19), annual average solar insolation and WS of 4.5 kWh/m2/day and 4.7 m/s, respectively. Also, AT varies by 4oC within a day. The results show that the development of RE systems is feasible in the areas. Therefore, the approach is recommended to researchers and RE systems project developers.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Water Purification and Utilization
Authors: Vanitha Suthanthira , K. Radhika , Boopathi Sampath
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, the various water monitoring systems—internet of-things, wireless network systems, cloud computing, optimization systems, and reporting systems—are illustrated. The development of artificial intelligence in water management has the potential to change and manage water resources. The use of AI and cutting-edge technologies such as data analytics, regression models, and algorithms simplifies the water management process. AI-based systems will be sustainable, cost-effective, and capable of predicting potential damage in order to optimize water management solutions with minimal waste. Machine learning algorithms support the water management process and improve the accuracy of sensor-based systems in agriculture.
A Glance at Trends Manufacturing Systems Modeling and Optimization
Authors: Pérez-Lechuga Gilberto , Martínez-Sánchez José Francisco , Gómez-Rodríguez Tomás
Published: January 2023

In this chapter, the authors develop an analysis of the main optimization methods used in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) problems. The results are obtained from a random sample of more than 100 documents published from 1986 to 2020 dedicated to the optimization of FMS. These are classified by their applications in the most significant fields of this area in analytical methods and heuristic methods. The analysis also addresses some aspects of computational complexity found in ordinary optimization as well as the most common NP-hard problems of the FMS. The results obtained are presented, and the virtual future of the FMS is projected as well as the new challenges and opportunities to venture into this important field of human activity. These are highly representative since they suggest that, despite the continuous growth in the complexity of the models treated, the majority of authors studied here continue using traditional techniques based on scientific optimization methods, leaving aside the emerging techniques of stochastic optimization based on metaheuristics.
Adidas
Authors: Yi Hu
Published: January 2023

Following their support of the Better Cotton Initiative (BCI), Adidas released a statement to all their suppliers preventing them from sourcing any cotton from the Xinjiang region in China. This position from the brand has generated intense discussion from Chinese netizens, leading to a boycott campaign in the Chinese market. This chapter will explain the origin and the development of this controversial situation. It will also show how Chinese consumers reacted to this incident and their different perceptions of the situation. In addition, this chapter will emphasize the importance of social justice and patriotic interest within the Chinese market.
Purcotton
Authors: Yao Huang
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on Purcotton's advertising issue. Purcotton, a Chinese brand, made an advertisement perceived as misogynistic which outraged some netizens. In today`s China, women's position is increasing due to the spread of education and the development of Chinese society. The idea of gender is gaining more attention from the public and Chinese women speak up more often about misogyny online. This societal development is the main reason behind the online debates that followed the advertisement. This chapter focuses on the uproar this advertisement caused and analyses the effect of misogynistic advertising. It will describe the issue itself, the public reaction, and the brand's operation after the issue.
MIMO Hybrid Beamforming
Authors: Hefnawi Mostafa , Zbitou Jamal
Published: January 2023

In mmWave massive MIMO, the required number of radio frequency (RF) chains becomes impractical due to the expensive and power-hungry components such as variable gain power amplifiers, filters, mixers, and analog-to-digital/digital-to-analog converters (ADCs/DACs). A promising solution to this problem is reducing the number of radiofrequency (RF) chains by partitioning beamforming operations between the digital and RF domains, known as hybrid beamforming (HBF), while still achieving the near-optimal performance of the fully digital beamforming systems with much-reduced hardware complexity. This chapter reviews different HBF techniques for massive MIMO in 5G and radar systems. The basic HBF structures and their algorithm design is presented in the context of a point-to-point MIMO hybrid beamforming system. Then, some recently proposed HBF techniques for 5G and beyond networks are investigated, followed by a discussion about the benefit of HBF in MIMO radar systems.
Metamaterial-Based Electrically Small Antennas (ESAs)
Authors: Joshi Jayant Gajanan , Pattnaik Shyam S.
Published: January 2023

Metamaterial-based electrically small antennas (ESAs) are gaining popularity in RF communication devices and systems due to their appealing features. This chapter attempts to present a compendious and timely review on metamaterial-based ESAs. The metamaterial has been progressively incorporated in different stage-of-the-art techniques to design more compact antennas to a greater extent keeping their radiation Q-factor, bandwidth, and radiation efficiency in acceptable limits. Planar metamaterial loading has shown simplicity, good performance, and more flexibility in designing ESAs for different RF and mobile communication applications. Different types of planar metamaterial split ring resonators have been used to load the microstrip patch antennas. In this chapter, the basics of metamaterial and an extensive review of metamaterial-based electrically small antennas have been presented. Three configurations of metamaterial-loaded rectangular microstrip ESAs designed by the authors have also reviewed.
Towards Places and Ecosystems
Authors: Philipp Julian , Pechlaner Harald
Published: January 2023

Traditionally, locations, destinations, and living spaces have been managed, developed, and marketed separately. However, various global megatrends such as digitalization, globalization, or climate change—as well as changing needs of workers, tourists, or residents—have put these spatial layers in a state of transformation. In the course of this transformation, integrated spatial development and management concepts have emerged over the past two decades, as modern cities need to manage their neighborhoods and living spaces, business locations, leisure and culture offers, and their tourism attractions holistically. Two main development paths are elaborated: place management, and the ecosystem approach.
Analysis of System Marginal Price in the Turkish Electricity Market
Authors: İpek Aslı Boru
Published: January 2023

Due to climate change, growing energy prices, and increasing energy consumption, energy efficiency has become a key topic in recent years. Most energy market traders also want to be able to foresee the energy market in the future so that they can take the appropriate actions to optimize their trading profits. As a result, energy market evaluation models are required. Energy markets, on the other hand, are location-dependent, as each market has its auctions and procedures. As a result, specific models for each energy market should be developed. The primary aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive comparison of various machine learning methods in the Turkish electricity market. A comparative analysis is provided on support vector machines (SVM)-based methods, k-nearest neighbors (KNN)-based methods, and ensemble-based method to analyze system marginal price (SMP). According to the accuracy value, the ensemble-based method gives better results.
Kodokushi
Authors: Ince Yunus , Ince Fatma
Published: January 2023

Policies regarding family health and other socio-economic decisions that shape social life directly affect the individual in the long term, together with cultural influences. Decisions in light of global developments can cause one generation's retirement life to be different from another. Many factors, such as changing economies, growing businesses, urbanization, migration, and employment policies, determine the time individuals spend in business and how the rest of their lives will pass afterward. As a result of the interaction of social, economic, and psychological factors, social well-being must be well managed for individuals over a certain age to feel useful without being isolated from society and to maintain their ties with life despite various diseases. From this point of view, attention is drawn to the increase in isolated deaths, and the management of this situation with tools such as family health strategies is mentioned in this chapter.
Awareness of Radiation Protection among Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Udayangani H. P. D. , Weerakoon B. S.
Published: January 2023

Background: Since the use of ionizing radiation in the health sector has been expanding, it is critical for healthcare professionals to be trained and appropriately aware of ionizing radiation in order to protect themselves and their patients from its adverse effects. Despite this, radiation awareness among nurses is a poorly researched topic. This study was designed to assess awareness of radiation protection among nursing undergraduates at the Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya.
Objectives: A cross-sectional descriptive online survey was conducted with a pre-designed questionnaire among 108 nursing undergraduates. The questionnaire consists of 25 questions and was categorized into three sections to evaluate demographic data and awareness of radiation protection. Methods: Paper-based clinical records of 250 outpatients were reviewed randomly using an evaluation form.
Results: The response rate was 60.67%. Of the 178 participants, 68.5% were female. Most of the participants (87.0%) were aware of the possible risk associated with medical radiation in diagnostic imaging. 67% and 51.9% reported that they have seen either a lead apron or a thyroid shield when attending to an environment that entails radiation exposure and they knew how to use these on patients or staff, respectively. The mean scores of awareness of radiation hazards and protection of the 4th year, 3rd year, 2nd year and 1st year were 64.04% (SD=2.5725), 63.68% (SD=3.8269), 56.41% (SD= 5.0112) and 38.35% (SD=3.287), respectively.
Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that there is a lack of awareness of radiation protection among undergraduate nursing students. Therefore, enhancing medical education on radiation hazards and protection is essential.
Gender Dysphoria and Morbid Sexual Jealousy in an Adolescent
Authors: Rathnayake L. C. , Kuruppuarachchi C. , Abeyrathne M. , De Silva Rajaratne P. K. D. H. J. L. , Chandradasa M. , Kuruppuarachchi K. A. L. A.
Published: January 2023

Gender dysphoria is the psychological distress that occurs when an individual’s biologically determined sex and gender identity do not align. Jealousy is likely to occur in any form of intimate partnership, irrespective of sexual orientation. Jealousy in a relationship is affected by sociocultural variables, an individual’s sense of masculinity, femininity, and other factors. We report an 18-year-old assigned female at birth with gender dysphoria presenting with jealous-type delusional disorder. We found no previous reporting of morbid jealousy in adolescents with gender dysphoria.
The Short-Term Outcome and Risk Factors Associated with the Outcome of Severe Covid-19 Disease – Retrospective Evaluation of Single-Centre Experiences from the Second Covid-19 Wave in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kodikara I. , Galabada B. A. , Dissanayake H. M. A. S. , Narangoda E. M.
Published: January 2023

Background: Prognostic data related to the Covid-19 is lacking for Sri Lankans, and for high-risk cohorts worldwide.
Objectives: To describe the short-term outcomes and risk factors related to severe and fatal Covid-19 disease in a high-risk symptomatic cohort with coexisting disease conditions.
Methods: The single-center retrospective study assessed 300 symptomatic Covid-19 infected adults admitted to Base-Hospital Homagama, Sri Lanka, from December 2020 to February 2021.
Results: The patients mean age (SD) was 58 (15) years, with 47% of them being men. At least one comorbidity was present in 84.3%, hypertension in 57.1% and diabetes in 53.8%. Overall, 24.3% had severe disease, 18.3% succumbed and 14.3% were managed in an ICU. Severe disease was more common among males (60.3%) than females (39.7%). Case severity (diabetes: χ2 = 4.838; p = 0.028; CKD: χ2 = 9.459; p = 0.002) and case fatality (diabetes: χ2 = 4.838; p = 0.028); CKD: χ2 = 9.459; p = 0.002) had a significant association with co-existing diabetes or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Predictors for severe disease include male gender (OR:2.292; 95%CI:1.228–4.279), low oxygen saturation (OR:2.436; 95%CI:1.304–4.552), and presence of comorbidity (OR:4.886; 95%CI:1.352–17.652). Predictors of the fatal disease include low oxygen saturation (OR:4.182; 95%CI:1.971–8.872) and the presence of comorbidity (OR:9.352; 95%CI:1.160–75.371).
Conclusion: Covid-19 infected adults who are having coexisting non-communicable diseases are more vulnerable to getting severe and fatal infections. And knowledge of vulnerable groups will help in developing new strategies to mitigate the effects of this pandemic.
Child Welfare in troubled Sri Lanka: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Arambepola W. M. M. , Jayasinghe A.
Published: January 2023

No abstract available
Current status of inguinal hernia management
Authors: McBee Patrick J. , Walters Ryan W. , Fitzgibbons Robert J.
Published: January 2023

Groin hernias are the most common reason for primary care physicians to refer patients for surgical management. Patients often present with a bulge in the groin that is associated with pain in two-thirds of cases. Diagnosis is usually clinical, with physical exam and history being sufficient enough to confirm diagnosis without imaging. Groin hernias may be associated with morbidity and can become complicated by incarceration or strangulation, requiring emergent surgical repair. However, the risk of strangulation is sufficiently low in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with inguinal hernias that an initial approach of watchful waiting is safe and appropriate. Chronic pain and hernia recurrence are other potential complications that support a watchful waiting approach in asymptomatic patients. Patients with symptomatic hernias should be offered surgical repair. The objective of this paper is to review the current status of the clinical diagnosis and management of patients with inguinal hernias.
Congenital spigelian hernia and ipsilateral undescended testis
Authors: Okumu° Mustafa , Zerbaliyev Elbrus , Akdağ Arzu
Published: January 2023

The etiopathogenesis of the relationship of congenital Spigelian hernia with ipsilateral undescended testis is still being debated. We have reviewed previous discussions of etiopathogenesis and presented our thoughts on the topic without mentioning the well-known diagnostic and treatment. On examination of a male newborn, swelling was detected in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen and the right testis could not be palpated. The infant was diagnosed with an ipsilateral undescended testis and a congenital Spigelian hernia after a consultation with a pediatric surgeon. A defect with a prominent margin of approximately 2–3 cm in diameter was detected during the surgery. The right orchiopexy and anatomical repair of the defect were done in the same session. In addition to Spigelian hernias, other ventral hernias can also appear with undescended testicles. We think that the main pathology is an ectopically located testis caused by abnormal gubernacular migration.