bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First report of Neospora caninum from aborted fetuses of cattle, sheep, and goats in Bangladesh
Authors: Shahiduzzaman Md , Biswas Pijush , Kabir Ajran , Amin Abu , Parijat Sakhyajit , Ahmed Nurnabi , Hossain Md , Wakid Majed
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The study aimed to detect Neospora caninum by nested PCR (nPCR) in aborted fetuses of cattle, sheep, and goats in Bangladesh.
Materials and Methods: The head portion of each aborted fetus (111) was dissected at each sampling site and transferred to the laboratory in an ice box. Data on risk factors associated with N. caninum infection were simultaneously collected. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from brain tissue to perform nPCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene of N. caninum and sequencing was performed from the representative positive samples.
Results: By nPCR, N. caninum was found in 16.0% of aborted fetuses of cattle, followed by sheep (14.81%) and goats (11.78%). The highest prevalence was found in aborted fetuses of animals during the second trimester (27.78%) of pregnancy aged 2 to 4 years (18.75%). Obtained sequences showed they were completely matched with N. caninum ITS1 rDNA gene deposited in GenBank. Univariate analysis demonstrated that pregnancy stages (trimesters), abortion history of the animals, and access to dogs in animal farms were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) correlated with N. caninum infection.
Conclusion: This study represents the first investigation into the molecular detection, phylogenetic characterization, and analysis of risk factors associated with N. caninum in livestock in Bangladesh. According to the research findings, N. caninum infection may have a role in abortion cases and the ensuing financial losses in the nation’s livestock industry.
Humoral, cellular immunity and efficacy of bioreactor propagated and inactivated Fowl adenovirus 8b adjuvanted with Montanide 71VG in broiler chickens
Authors: Ugwu Chidozie , Bejo Mohd , Nurulfiza Mat , Omar Abdul , Ideris Aini
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The study aimed to inactivate the FAdV isolate (UPM11142P5B1) produced in a biore¬actor and assess the humoral and cellular immunity, efficacy, and virus shedding in broiler chickens. Materials and Methods: The isolate was grown in a bioreactor, inactivated using binary ethylene¬imine, adjuvanted with Montanide 71VG, and injected into day-old broiler chickens either with or without booster groups. The following parameters were measured: T lymphocyte profile in the liver, spleen, and thymus; FAdV antibody titer; clinical symptoms; gross and histological alter¬ations in the liver, spleen, and thymus; virus copy number in the liver and cloacal shedding.
Results: Compared to the unchallenged control group, booster (BG), and non-booster (NBG), the challenged control group (CCG) had a larger liver: body weight (BW) ratio, milder clinical signs, gross lesions, and histological alterations. They also had a lower BW. At 7, 21, 35, and 42 days post-inoculation (dpi), the NBG and BG exhibited higher antibody levels than the UCG. At 35 dpi, challenged BG and NBG produced more antibodies than CCG. In BG and NBG, T cells were stimu¬lated in the spleen, thymus, and liver. At 35 and 42 dpi, the challenged BG and NBG showed significantly decreased viral copy numbers in the liver and shedding, respectively, along with increased lymphocyte counts.
Conclusion: The inactivated UPM11142P5B1 with Montanide 71VG could be a vaccine against FAdV 8b infections in chickens.
Safety and effectiveness of seahorse extract (Hippocampus comes L.) on the hematological profile and body weight of male rats induced by depo medroxyprogesterone acetate
Authors: Mundijo Trisnawati , Suyatna Franciscus , Wibowo Agung , Yusra Yusra , Midoen Yurnadi
Published: October 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of seahorse (Hippocampus comes L.) extract on hematological profile and body weight on rats induced by depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA).
Materials and Methods: Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with 200–250 gm and 8 weeks old. All rats were intramuscularly administered 1.25 mg/kg BW DMPA Merck Depo Geston at 150 mg/3 ml. The animals were divided into five main groups (6 each), consisting of aquadest (G1), CMC 1% (G2), seahorse extract (SE) dose 150 mg/kg BW (G3), 225 mg/kg BW (G4), and 300 mg/ kg BW (G5). All rats were weighed until the end of the treatment week.
Results: The hematological profile and body weight of the group given SE tended to increase compared to the group not given extract; however, our hematological profile and body weight were in the normal range for rats.
Conclusion: We find that SE enhances the effectiveness of the hematological profile, body weight, and safety of rats induced by DMPA.
Identification of different blood concentration of domestic cat (Felis catus) with Leucomalachite Green and Takayama reagent
Authors: Meisari Suraida , Lestari Tita , Legowo Djoko , Widiyatno Thomas , Hestianah Eka , Wahjuni Retno , Damayanti Ratna , Khairullah Aswin , Moses Ikechukwu , Raissa Ricadonna
Published: October 2024

Background:
Cases of cruelty can occur in wild animal, livestock, and pet animal. Cruelty to cats choose to be the background of this research because many cases of cruelty to cats have not reported although the cases are still high.

Aim:
Aim of this research was to know how much dilution of cat blood that can still be detected by Leucomalachite Green (LMG) and Takayama reagent.

Methods:
Three samples of domestic cat blood were diluted with ratio 1:10; 1:100; 1:1,000; 1:10,000; and 1:100,000. Bloodstain is made by dropping each blood dilution on the filter paper for LMG test and on the object glass for Takayama test. Bloodstain for LMG test was done with ten repetitions from each sample and duplo for Takayama test. Positive results from the LMG test are presented as a bluish-green discoloration in stains. A positive result from the Takayama test is the formation of hemochromogen crystals under a microscope with 400x magnification.

Results:
Based on this research, cat bloodstain can be detected with LMG reagent until 1:40,000 dilution, while Takayama reagent only can detect cat bloodstain until 1:1,000.

Conclusion:
LMG and Takayama reagent are reagents that are often used in human blood spot testing. If there is a case of violence against cats and other animals, these two reagents can be relied on to help with the proof process.
Comparative efficacy of eugenol, eugenol nanoemulsion and metronidazole against Trichomonas gallinae: An experimental study
Authors: Khaki Abdollah , Youssefi Mohamad , Nasrabadi Nadia
Published: October 2024

Background:
Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite responsible for canker in pigeons, a debilitating disease that causes significant economic losses. While metronidazole (MTZ) remains the primary treatment, the emergence of resistance is a growing concern. This study investigated the efficacy of eugenol and its nanoemulsion formulation against T. gallinae in both in vitro and in vivo settings.

Aim:
To evaluate the anti-trichomonal activity of eugenol, eugenol nanoemulsion, and MTZ against T. gallinae using in vitro and in vivo models.

Methods:
In vitro, T. gallinae trophozoites were exposed to varying concentrations of eugenol and eugenol nanoemulsion (0.625–10 μg/ml), as well as MTZ (25 μg/ml). Cytotoxicity was assessed using Vero cells. In vivo, 120 pigeons were experimentally infected and treated with either eugenol (10 mg/kg), eugenol nanoemulsion (10 mg/kg), MTZ (25 mg/kg), or left untreated. Treatments were administered daily for 5 days.

Results:
In vitro, both eugenol and its nanoemulsion at 10 μg/ml achieved 100% lethality of T. gallinae after 48 hours, while MTZ reached the same effect within 24 hours. In vivo, MTZ and eugenol (at 25 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively) resulted in 100% recovery of infected pigeons 5 days post-treatment. Notably, eugenol nanoemulsion (10 mg/kg) achieved 100% recovery within just 4 days post-treatment.

Conclusion:
This study highlights the potential of eugenol and its nanoemulsion as alternative treatments for T. gallinae infections in pigeons. The eugenol nanoemulsion, in particular, demonstrated promising results with faster recovery rates compared to both MTZ and eugenol, suggesting it may be especially effective against MTZ-resistant strains. Further research is warranted to explore the efficacy and safety of these agents for treating T. gallinae infections in pigeons.
Study of morphological and histological properties of the pancreas in crow (Linnaecus corvus) and Iraqi black partridge (Melanoperdix niger)
Authors: Naser Rabab , Almaliki Salah , Zghair Fatimah , Ezzy Ali
Published: October 2024

Background:
The structures of the pancreas in crow (Linnaecus corvus) and Iraqi black partridge (Melanoperdix niger) were the target for histological and morphometric differences in both birds.

Aim:
To study the comparative histomorphology of the pancreas in two species black partridge and local crow.

Methods:
Five healthy black partridge and five local crows were used in current study.

Results:
The anatomically study reveals that the pancreas in both species situated within the coelomic compartment at right side. It composites of four lobes include splenic, ventral, third and dorsal lobe. It was showed three ducts of pancreas located between two duodenal limbs. Histologically, the pancreas of both birds, was contained two portions, endocrine and exocrine zone. The portion that occupied a large area of the pancreas was the exocrine which consisting of acini made of pyramid cells varying in shape and size. In black partridge, the acini have centroacinar cells but no centroacinar in crow. The ducts system starting from intercalated duct, interlobular and terminated by main duct was folded with line simple columnar epithelium. The islet Langerhans was oval in black partridge and have a distinctive border containing two types of cells (Alpha and Beta), while a Delta, in addition to Alpha Beta cells, were detected in the crow islet Langerhans which was a sphincter in shape.

Conclusion:
The pancreas of both bird Black partridge (Melanoperdix niger) and crow (Linnaecus corvus) was a lobulated organ, that has a similar location in coelomic cavity. The pancreas in the crow was longer. In addition to the presence of some difference in histological structures between the two birds, a better understanding of the function of the pancreas in these species is needed.
Neurotoxic effects of type II-diabetes mellitus and the possible preventive effects of olive leaves supplement in male rats
Authors: hafidh Sarah , Abdulwahid Ammar
Published: October 2024

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder with well-known serious secondary complications. It is also associated with central nervous system damage. This damage is characterized by impairments in brain functions, with neurochemical and structural abnormalities.

Aim:
The study was conducted to clarify the neuroprotective effects of olive leaves supplement on brain and brain histological structure of diabetic adult rats.

Methods:
Thirty adult male rats were allocated into three groups, The first group (CC), received an oral supplement containing olive leaves (OLS) and served as a control; another group (DM), diabetes mellitus was induced in these animals and left for 40 days; and the third group was DM+OL, which induced diabetes mellitus, then treated with oral (OLS) for 40 days. The investigation included serum glycemic index measurements, in addition, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), dopamine (DOP), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in brain tissue, and histopathology of brain and pancreas.

Results:
We demonstrated a significant increase in glycemic index measurements in diabetic groups (DM, DM+OL) at the beginning of a trial, however, the same parameters were significantly decreased after treatment with OLS in only DM+OL group after 40 days. Study also showed differences in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH), in the diabetic groups, which returned to normal levels after being treated with OLS. Moreover, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), and dopamine (DOP) exhibited a significant decline in diabetic rats. However, OLS induced a considerable rise in these neurotransmitters after treatment with it in DM+OL group. The histopathological section of the pancreas and brain showed histopathological changes in (DM) groups, whereas, the tissue was shielded from chemical damage from DM by the (OLS) treatment in DM+OL animals.

Conclusion:
Overall, diabetes impairs glucose hemostasis by affecting glucose concentration, insulin level, and insulin resistance, However, olive leaves supplement restored the glucose hemostasis close to the normal in diabetic rats. Furthermore, diabetes affected neurotransmitters by increasing the level of oxidative stress in brain tissue, and brain cell damage. Nevertheless,
olive leave supplements can ameliorate diabetes mellitus harmful effects by retrieving normal oxidative environment in brain.
Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium spp. among wild rats in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Suprihati Endang , Puspitasari Heni , Indasari Elly , Galuh Ponasari , suwanti Lucia , Mufasirin Mufasirin , Hastutiek Poedji , Setiawan Boedi
Published: October 2024

Background:
Humans and animals who have an acute case of diarrhea can be infected with Cryptosporidium spp. Within the category of water-borne disease, it is a zoonotic disease. The zoonotic disease Cryptosporidium is among the several pathogens carried by wild rats (Rattus spp.). The risk of spreading this disease is rather significant in urban environments because rats are often close to people.

Aim:
This study aims to detect Cryptosporidium spp. infection in wild rats in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.

Methods:
Through necropsy, a total of 100 wild rats' intestines were sampled for feces. Microscopic observation of the presence of Cryptosporidium was carried out using the float test with a combination of Ziehl Neelsen staining. Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium spp. positive results used the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene with Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method.

Results:
The results showed that 69 samples were positive for containing Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining to confirm the diagnosis, the staining results showed Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts dark pink with a clear cavity inside with a percentage of 95.65% in Rattus norvegicus and 61.03% in Rattus tanezumi. In residential and densely populated environments the percentage of Cryptosporidium spp. amounted to 66.66% and in the market environment amounted to 74.19%. Percentage of Cryptosporidium spp. in the North Surabaya region it was 42.85%, South Surabaya 100%, West Surabaya 37.5%, East Surabaya 81.39%, and Central Surabaya 65.38%. Molecular detection of Cryptosporidium spp. positive results were obtained using the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene 550 bp.

Conclusion:
The high number of cases of cryptosporidiosis in wild rats This study aims to detect Cryptosporidium spp. infection in wild rats in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
has the potential to be a reservoir for the spread of the disease. The Cryptosporidium spp can detected with oocyst wall protein (COWP) in 550 bp in wild rats in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
Bilateral phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in a pet rabbit with cataracts
Authors: Goulle Fr , Bodin Pauline , Cousin H , Prieto Morgane , Cassagnes Charles
Published: October 2024

Background:
The occurrence of cataracts in rabbits is a common reason for consultation in veterinary ophthalmology.

Case Description:
A 6-year-old female Lop rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was referred with a 3-month history of bilateral cataracts. The owner noted that the rabbit was frequently bumping into obstacles. Physical examination was unremarkable. Routine hemogram and biochemistry panel were within usual values, and Encephalitozoon cuniculi was not detected by serology. A complete ophthalmological examination revealed bilateral hypermature cataracts causing total blindness. Bilateral tonometry showed normal intraocular pressures. Electroretinography under general anesthesia revealed strong photoreceptor responses for each eye, and ocular ultrasound was normal except for bilateral hypermature cataracts. Following electroretinography, during the same anesthesia session, conventional phacoemulsification followed by acrylic intraocular lens (IOL; +58D) implantation was performed uneventfully in both eyes. Follow-up examinations were carried out for one year. Except for immediate post-operative bilateral corneal ulcers that were quickly cured with medical treatment, no other post-operative complications were observed. The one-year follow-up examination revealed centered IOLs without posterior capsular opacity, enabling the observation of normal fundus in both eyes. The owner confirmed the rabbit had normal autonomy and moved with accuracy, as observed during follow-up visits and on videos provided by the owner.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the first described case of successful bilateral phacoemulsification and bilateral intraocular lens implantation with prior electroretinographic evaluation of the retinal function in a pet rabbit with cataracts.
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR): Unveiling the hidden threat to livestock productivity and global trade
Authors: Rimayanti Rimayanti , Khairullah Aswin , Lestari Tita , Moses Ikechukwu , Utama Suzanita , Damayanti Ratna , Mulyati Sri , Raharjo Hartanto , Kusala Muhammad , Raissa Ricadonna , Wibowo Syahputra , Abdila Syafiadi , Fauzia Kartika , Yanestria Sheila , Fauziah Ima , Siregar Josephine
Published: October 2024

An infectious disease called infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) can lead to a number of disorders affecting cattle's respiratory system. The disease is caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoAHV-1). Based on antigenic and genetic characteristics, BoAHV-1 strains are divided into subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, 1.2b, and 1.3. IBR is currently widespread throughout the world, with the exception of a few nations that have achieved eradication. The most significant characteristic of this illness is that, after a clinical or subclinical infection, the virus typically establishes a latent condition that can later be reactivated in the presence of stress, immunosuppressive conditions/substances, or other diseases. Primarily, the virus spreads by direct or indirect contact between animals. It may also be transmitted via the reproductive system, causing infectious balanoposthitis or vulvovaginitis. Most virus subtypes are associated with reproductive failure, such as fetal or embryonic resorption and abortions. The virus may also be transmitted through semen, which could lead to genital transfer. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) infection produces a variety of lesions. Lesion in the mucosal surface usually consists of white necrotic material. Regular methods for diagnosing BoHV-1 infections include isolation in cell culture, ELISA, VNT, and methods based on identification of nucleic acids, like PCR. The interplay of several host, pathogen, environmental, and management factors affects the spread of IBR. Through its impacts on health and fitness, IBR can lead to production losses. In order to minimize the severity of clinical signs and stop the infection from spreading, the veterinarian may advise that sick or at-risk animals be placed under immediate isolation and vaccinated (such as intranasal vaccination, including the use of both killed and live attenuated virus vaccines) as soon as an IBR diagnosis is obtained.
Immune response and bacterial resistance of Oreochromis niloticus against bacterial fish pathogen with saffron diet
Authors: Tolba Heba , Aldawek Ahmed , Eid Refaat , Aladdin Sherine , Shaer Nahla
Published: October 2024

Background:
The global demand for fish and fish products has increased due to population growth and healthier food choices. However, bacterial infections caused by Aeromonas species pose a challenge. Antibiotics are crucial for disease control, but multidrug resistance is a global concern. Eco-friendly disease management methods, like saffron, have been identified as potential treatments.

Aim:
The study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Saffron on Nile tilapia's growth performance, immune response, and disease resistance.

Methods:
180 fish were acclimatized for two weeks and randomly allocated into three groups. The first group served as a control, while the other two groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with Saffron at 1.5 g/kg (T1) and 0.5 g/kg (T2), respectively, for 12 weeks. Biochemical blood parameters. Histopathology and immunohistochemical studies were performed on the gills, liver, and spleen tissues.

Results:
Following the feeding trial with Saffron supplement, especially at higher levels enhanced weight gain, Growth performance, plasma total protein and globulin showed higher levels in fish groups with dietary with Saffron at 1.5 g/kg ( T1) and 0.5 g/kg (T2) than in fish fed the control diet Regulate the immune response in lysozyme activity and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Regeneration of gills. liver, and spleen tissues were noticed Furthermore, saffron-treated organs exhibited immunoreactivity to TNF-α was mostly seen in the liver and gills, although it was also somewhat in the kidney and spleen and CD68, the group were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, improved its defences against Aeromonas hydrophila, immunity, and disease resistance than the control group.

Conclusion:
The results showed that saffron supplementation significantly increased the survival rate of fish challenged with Aeromonashydrophila. It also enhanced the immune response of fish, as evidenced by increased levels of serum immunoglobulins and lysozyme activity. These findings suggest that saffron supplementation could be a promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections in aquaculture.
Prevalence of haemoparasitic infections and influencing factors among fighting bulls in Southern Thailand: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Bohman Wiruntita , Chooruang Nantaporn , Sakuna Kitikarn , Jarujareet Wipaporn , Areekit Kosit , Chantip Dhiravit
Published: October 2024

Background:
Haemoparasitic infections significantly threaten cattle health globally, leading to economic losses and welfare issues for farmers.

Aim:
This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of haemoparasitic infections in fighting bulls in southern Thailand over an eight-year period.

Methods:
Laboratory records of 5,518 bulls from the Livestock Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, were reviewed for the period January 2016 to December 2023. Blood samples were analyzed using thin blood smear methods to identify haemoparasites, and packed cell volume was measured using the microhematocrit method. Detailed profiles and demographic data for each animal were recorded.

Results:
Among the fighting bulls, 323 (5.85%) tested positive for haemoparasitic infections, with five haemoparasites identified: Trypanosoma spp. (TP), Microfilariae, Anaplasma spp. (AP), Babesia spp. (BB), and Theileria spp. (TR). TP was the most prevalent at 2.90%. Bulls aged 1–5 years showed the highest infection rates at 7.04%, with a decline in infections as age increased. Annual trends peaked in 2018 at 8.80%, with significant yearly fluctuations for most parasites (P < 0.05) except AP and BB. Monthly analyses revealed the highest infection rates in March, particularly for TP, with significant monthly variations for TR (P < 0.05). Geographical differences in infection rates between the East and West coasts were minor and not statistically significant. However, seasonal variations were significant for BB and TR on the east coast during summer (P < 0.05). Bulls with PCV below 30% had a higher prevalence of haemoparasitic infections (8.06%) compared to those with PCV above 30% (5.87%), with significant differences in the prevalence of AP and TR infections (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study adds to the understanding of haemoparasite infections in bulls, informing the development of educational materials for farmers and ultimately empowering them to make better herd health decisions.
Bioinformatics and machine learning-driven key genes screening for vortioxetine
Authors: Hız Meliha Merve , Kılıçarslan Sabire
Published: October 2024

Vortioxetine is a pharmacological agent that acts as a serotonin modulator and stimulant, with safety and tolerability being important health issues. This study aimed to use bioinformatic and machine learning methods to find differentially expressed genes (DEG) between rats exposed to vortioxetine and matched controls. The GSE236207 dataset (Rattus norvegicus) was obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and analyzed with R, followed by genetic ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, and String's protein-protein interaction network was established to identify important genes. The original datasets were preprocessed in the second step by detecting and correcting missing and noisy data and then merged. After feature selection for the cleaned dataset, machine learning algorithms such as the K-nearest neighbors' algorithm, Naive Bayes, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were used. In addition, an accuracy of 0.90 was observed with SVM. Leveraging these techniques, the study linked IGFBP7, KLRA22, PROB1, SHQ1, NTNG1, and LOC102546359 to vortioxetine exposure. The bioinformatic analysis revealed 18 upregulated genes and 27 downregulated genes, with all approaches identifying only one common locus, LOC102546359, responsible for noncoding ribonucleic acid (ncRNA) synthesis. The crucial point is that this locus bears no connection to any disease or trigger mechanism, thereby bolstering the safety of vortioxetine.
Evaluation of the Effects of 20% Mannitol and 3% Hypertonic Saline Use in Supratentorial Tumor Surgery on Brain Relaxation, Hemodynamic Parameters, Serum Osmolarity and Electrolytes
Authors: Ermeydan Buket , Biricik Ebru , İlginel Murat Türkeün , Lafli Tunay Demet , Güneş Yasemin
Published: October 2024

Objective: Different drugs or methods can be applied to provide brain relaxation in supratentorial tumor surgery. In our study, we aimed to evaluate effects of 20% Mannitol and 3% Hypertonic Saline (HS) used during supratentorial tumor surgery on brain relaxation, hemodynamic parameters, urine flow, fluid volume, pulse pressure variability (PPV), pleth variability index (PVI), serum osmolarity and electrolytes. Methods: The study included 60 patients aged 18-65 years, ASA I-II class, who were scheduled to undergo supratentorial tumor surgery. General anesthesia was administered with sevoflurane and remifentanil to achieve a state entropy of 40-60. Patients were allocated into two groups, with Group Mannitol receiving 20% mannitol (2.5 mL kg-1) and Group Hypertonic Saline receiving 3% HS (2.5 mL kg-1). In all patients, PPV and PVI values were planned to be ≤13%. After the dura was opened, brain relaxation scores were evaluated. Perioperative hemodynamic variables, blood gases, PVI, PPV values were recorded. Na+, K+ values, urine volume and administered fluid were recorded at 30, 45 and 60 minutes and 2-3 hours after the end of the infusion. Preoperative and postoperative BUN, creatinine and osmolarity values were recorded. Results: No statistical difference was found between demographic characteristics, brain relaxation and hemodynamic data. In HS group, PVI and PPV values were higher than Mannitol group from the beginning of infusion. In mannitol group, urine and administered fluid amounts were higher. Decrease in Na+ values was detected with Mannitol and increase with HS. It was determined that BUN and creatinine values were similar, serum osmolarity did not change at postoperative period in mannitol group and increased HS. Average intensive care and length of hospital stay were similar. Conclusion: In supratentorial tumor surgery, effective brain relaxation was achieved with Mannitol and HS, without affect to hemodynamics. Pulse pressure variability and PVI decreased with Mannitol. Blood gases, Na+, K+, BUN creatinine, osmolarity levels did not show serious changes. It was concluded that HS could be an alternative to mannitol in supratentorial surgery. Keywords: Hypertonic saline,mannitol, serum osmolarity, supratentorial tumor surgery
Effects of Lidocaine Application Intracuff and Around the Cuff on Cardiovascular and Respiratory Responses to Extubation
Authors: Eyüpoğlu Selin , Güngör İrfan , Kaya Kadir
Published: October 2024

Objective: In our investigation, we aimed to assess the efficacy of employing lidocaine spray application around endotracheal tube cuff (ETTC) prior to intubation, alongside and the use of intracuff lidocaine application following intubation. Our primary objective encompassed an examination of the resultant effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems leading up to the extubation phase. Methods: Two hundred patients scheduled for gynecologic operations, with an ASA physical status of I or II and aged between 18 and 65 years, undergoing general anesthesia lasting over one hour, were recruited for the study. Patients were allocated into four groups. Group I involved the inflation of the endotracheal tube cuff with air following intubation. In Group II, 10% lidocaine was sprayed around the ETTC prior to intubation. Group III entailed the inflation of the ETTC with 2% lidocaine after intubation. Lastly, Group IV received both the pre-intubation application of 10% lidocaine spray around the ETTC and the inflation of the cuff with 2% lidocaine following intubation. Cardiovascular parameters in the early post-extubation period and occurrences of postoperative sore throat, cough, and hoarseness up to 48 hours post-operation were documented for analysis. Results: Increases were observed at cardiovasvular system parameters after extubation in all groups continued for 5 or 15 minutes. Postoperative data for sore throat, cough and hoarseness were smilar in all groups. Conclusion: The study revealed that the administration of 10% lidocaine spray around the ETTC, as well as the use of 2% lidocaine within the cuff alone or in combination, did not result in a reduction of cardiovascular system responses during the early post-extubation period. However, these interventions did lead to a decrease in postoperative respiratory system side effects, albeit not providing complete prevention of such occurrences. Keywords: Lidocaine, endotracheal tube cuff, extubation, hemodynamic, pulmonary
Anesthetic Management for Awake Craniotomy
Authors: Akça Başak
Published: October 2024

Performing craniotomy on patients while they are “awake” requires a very specific anesthesia management. It is the anesthetist’s responsibility to apply sedation and analgesia when necessary to ensure optimal comfort of the patient during the surgery, and to continue electrophysiological monitoring and patient cooperation. In addition to specific anesthesia management, good teamwork, where communication is very important, is an absolute necessity for the awake craniotomy procedure. The aim of this review is to discuss in detail the different anesthesia techniques that can be applied during awake craniotomy and the intraoperative complications that may develop. Keywords: Awake craniotomy, anesthetic management, complications
Cesarean Section Surgery and Postpartum Pain Management Practices of Anesthesiologists; Procedure-Specific Pain Management (PROSPECT) Awareness Questionnaire Study
Authors: Kacıroğlu Ahmet , Dikici Mustafa
Published: October 2024

Objective: Procedure-specific pain management (PROSPECT) provides clinicians with evidence-based recommendations for postoperative pain management. It was aimed to evaluate the preferences of Anesthesiology and Reanimation physicians for postpartum analgesia management. Methods: A questionnaire consisting of 19 questions was prepared, including demographic data, cesarean surgery and postpartum analgesia practices, and whether PROSPECT recommendations were followed. This questionnaire was sent to participants via e-mail. Results: The study included 247 participants. Thirtysix percent of participants reported following PROSPECT recommendations and 55.1% of participants reported prefering opioids routinely or in combination with other techniques for cesarean surgery and postpartum analgesia. Eightyfive percent of the participants think that inadequate postpartum analgesic treatment was performed. Conclusion: Inadequate postpartum analgesia appears to be a common problem. The potential of maternofetal interaction is reported to be the most important reason for this situation. We think that training on postoperative pain management following cesarean surgery will make a significant contribution to eliminating concerns about maternal-fetal interaction. Keywords: Cesarean section, postpartum analgesia, prospect, anesthesiology and reanimation, questionnaire study
Regional dynamic cerebral autoregulation across anterior and posterior circulatory territories: A detailed exploration and its clinical implications
Authors: Srichawla Bahadar S , Garcia-Dominguez Maria A
Published: October 2024

Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is the mechanism that maintains stable cerebral blood flow (CBF) despite fluctuations in systemic blood pressure, crucial for brain homeostasis. Recent evidence highlights distinct regional variations in CA between the anterior (carotid) and posterior (vertebrobasilar) circulations. Non-invasive neuromonitoring techniques, such as transcranial Doppler, transfer function analysis, and near-infrared spectroscopy, facilitate the dynamic assessment of CBF and autoregulation. Studies indicate a robust autoregulatory capacity in the anterior circulation, characterized by rapid adjustments in vascular resistance. On the contrary, the posterior circulation, mainly supplied by the vertebral arteries, may have a lower autoregulatory capacity. in acute brain injuries such as intracerebral and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injuries, dynamic CA can be significantly altered in the posterior circulation. Proposed physiological mechanisms of impaired CA in the posterior circulation include: (1) Decreased sympathetic innervation of the vasculature impairing compensatory vasoreactivity; (2) Endothelial dysfunction; (3) Increased cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption within the visual cortex causing CBF-metabolism (i.e. , neurovascular) uncoupling, and (4) impaired blood-brain barrier integrity leading to impaired astrocytic mediated release of vasoactive substances (e.g. nitric oxide, potassium, and calcium ions). Furthermore, more research is needed on the effects of collateral circulation, as well as the circle of Willis variants, such as the fetal-type posterior cerebral artery, on dynamic CA. Improving our understanding of these mechanisms is crucial to improving the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of various cerebrovascular disorders.
Beyond conventional care: The therapeutic potential of hemoperfusion in severe COVID-19
Authors: Vásquez-Torres John , Dávila-Collado Ramses , Abdalah-Perez Leyla , Jarquin-Duran Oscar , Latino José Santos , Espinoza Jorge Luis
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Hemoperfusion (HP) is an extracorporeal blood purification modality utilized to remove small- to medium-sized molecules, such as toxins and cytokines, that are difficult to remove by conventional hemodialysis. In clinical practice, HP has been successfully used as a salvage therapy for drug overdose and occasionally in patients with liver failure and sepsis.

AIM

To summarize the clinical outcomes of a series of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who received HP.

METHODS

Here, we summarize the clinical outcomes of a series of 18 patients with severe COVID-19 who received HP in our institution during the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of the literature was also performed.

RESULTS

HP was well-tolerated, and after an average of three sessions, respiratory and cardiovascular parameters as well as blood inflammatory markers improved in most patients. Ten patients were discharged alive. Our literature search identified a total of 20 studies (873 patients) in which HP was used for COVID-19. Nine studies reported improvements in respiratory parameters, and 13 studies (438 patients in total) reported better survival rates in patients undergoing HP.

CONCLUSION

HP was well-tolerated in patients with severe COVID-19, and most studies reported improved clinical parameters, including better survival rates, when HP was used in patients with severe COVID-19. Further research, especially prospective studies, is needed to evaluate the utility of HP as an early and supportive therapy for critically ill patients due to infectious diseases, such as those with COVID-19 or severe sepsis.
Subclavian vessels injury: An underestimated complication of clavicular fractures
Authors: Chalidis Byron , Davitis Vasileios , Papadopoulos Pericles , Pitsilos Charalampos
Published: October 2024

Clavicle fractures are frequent orthopedic injuries, often resulting from direct trauma or a fall. Most clavicle fractures are treated conservatively without any complications or adverse effects. Concomitant injuries of the subclavian vein or artery are rarely encountered and most commonly associated with high-energy trauma or comminuted clavicle fractures. They are potentially life-threatening conditions leading to hemorrhage, hematoma, pseudoaneurysm or upper limb ischemia. However, the clinical presentation might be obscure and easily missed, particularly in closed and minimally displaced clavicular fractures, and timely diagnosis relies on early clinical suspicion. Currently, computed tomography angiography has largely replaced conventional angiography for the assessment of subclavian vessel patency, as it demonstrates high accuracy and temporal resolution, acute turnaround time, and capability of multiplanar reconstruction. Depending on the hemodynamic stability of the patient and the severity of the injury, subclavian vessel lesions can be treated conservatively with observation and serial evaluation or operatively. Interventional vascular techniques should be considered in patients with serious hemorrhage and limb ischemia, followed by stabilization of the displaced clavicle fracture. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the incidence, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and current management strategies of clavicle fractures associated with subclavian vessel injuries.
Artificial intelligence in teaching social disciplines: Opportunities and challenges of tools
Authors: Lobanova Alla , Hrabovets Iryna , Prykhodko Olena , Karytka Valerii , Kalashnikova Liudmyla , Chernous Liudmyla
Published: October 2024

Based on the analysis of scientific sources and practical experience in teaching social disciplines, the article reveals the role and problems of using AI in the system of higher education. The scientific opinion about the inevitability of using AI, despite its risks, in teaching social disciplines is expressed. A comparative analysis of the subject area, conceptual apparatus, functional purpose and research methods of social disciplines is carried out. Similar features are revealed, the basis of which is their focus on the scientific study of the social and psychological behaviour of individuals, social groups and communities. On the example of didactic methods of teaching social disciplines in higher education, the expediency of using AI tools in the process of teaching is substantiated. Their main capabilities are personalised learning, forecasting and trend analysis, data visualisation, simulations and virtual laboratories, speech, video and voice interfaces, assessment tools, and generation of comments and feedback. Clarification of the principles and main possibilities of using AI tools has revealed the main problems, which include ethics, reliability, transparency, insufficient professional training of teachers and imperfect legal support. We outline prospects for further research on the peculiarities of using AI tools to teach social disciplines in higher education.
Teff: Its applicability in various food uses and potential as a key component in gluten-free food formulations—An overview of existing literature research
Authors: Kutlu Gözde , Özsüer Egemen , Madenlioğlu Merve , Eroğlu Güneş , Akbaş İlayda
Published: October 2024

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in demand for gluten-free foods. This rise can be attributed to a growing number of individuals opting for gluten-free diets due to factors such as gluten sensitivity and celiac disease. Interest in teff has also increased markedly due to its high protein content, balanced amino acid composition, and rich nutrient contents including fiber, iron, and calcium, along with its gluten-free nature. Additionally, teff exhibits positive functional properties that contribute to improving texture, moisture retention, and shelf life in gluten-free products. Its mild flavor profile allows for versatile applications across a spectrum of culinary applications, enhancing the sensory appeal and taste of gluten-free offerings. This makes it a suitable alternative to wheat and other grains in food applications for individuals with celiac disease. Overall, integrating teff into gluten-free formulations presents an attractive opportunity to enhance the nutritional quality, sensory experience, and market competitiveness of gluten-free products, catering to the diverse needs and preferences of consumers seeking gluten-free alternatives for health, dietary, or lifestyle reasons. Further research and innovation in teff-based product development are crucial to fully unlock its potential and promote inclusive, sustainable growth in the gluten-free food sector. Therefore, these attributes underscore teff's promising role in the global food and beverage industries.
Prevention of traffic accidents through the moral knowledge approach in upper secondary students
Authors: Hariyati Hariyati , Palilati Alida , Ngii Edward , Putra Adris Ade
Published: October 2024

Road traffic accidents that are very high among students can be overcome by instilling Moral Knowledge or Moral Knowledge, which is an important thing to teach. If students already know morals, they will have moral awareness which will be embedded consistently between knowledge and actions (moral action). This type of research is qualitative descriptive, in-depth interviews and questionnaires carry out the data collection method. The results showed that students' moral knowledge related to traffic ethics on the road had not been fully formed. The stages that can be done in understanding moral knowledge in students to reduce the number of traffic accidents among students are moral awareness so that students can distinguish between right and wrong actions or perceptions, prohibitions and recommendations, and good or bad behavior. Second, character education to foster habits (Habitation) towards noble moral values. Third, moral action is to practice noble moral values in daily behavior.
Que estandardização para o português: pluricêntrica ou panlusófona?
Authors: Soares da Silva Augusto
Published: October 2024

Portuguese is a pluricentric language with two well-established national varieties – European Portuguese (EP) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP) – and varieties in development, such as Mozambican Portuguese (MP) and Angolan Portuguese (AP). In the present study, we aim to address the normative and political question of whether the most appropriate path of standardization for Portuguese in the 21st century is a pluricentric model of several norms combined, each with its own dynamics, or a pan-Lusophone model consisting of one supranational standard norm, a sort of global Portuguese, or even a combination of the two models. We will start by analyzing past and current processes of both formal and informal standardization in Portuguese, focusing on the endo(exo)normative standardization of BP and the role of Globo TV in the strengthening of informal endonormativity, the lectometrically confirmed divergent BP-PE bicentrism and its (a)symmetries – including the more advanced endonormativity of EP and the greater global influence of BP – and the processes of nativization of African varieties, characterized by contacts with Bantu languages and EP exonormativity, with particular emphasis on the more advanced stage of nativization of MP as well as the strong population increase projected for Angola and Mozambique. We will then discuss the two models of a pluricentric or pan-Lusophone path of standardization for Portuguese, along with their opportunities and threats, and point out guidelines for their operationalization. By adopting the Cognitive Sociolinguistics’ view on pluricentricity and based on previous socio-cognitive and lectometric studies on the pluricentricity of Portuguese, we will argue for the adequacy and necessity of a socio-cognitively oriented, fully pluricentric standardization of Portuguese, which could potentially serve as a basis for the development of a pan-Lusophone norm, especially useful for the internationalization of Portuguese.
Apuntes sobre el estándar del Río de la Plata
Authors: López García María
Published: October 2024

Within the theoretical framework inspired by Coserian functionalism, this article aims to show, for the case of Rioplatense Spanish, that varieties constitute a continuum within regional, representational and historical spaces, and this crossover must be described in order to understand the functioning of this variety as a regional standard. The article focuses on the analysis of Rioplatense to illustrate the methodological productivity entailed in understanding the concepts of "reference standard" and "empirical standard" as mobile and diffuse categories. The paper shows some features of this non-dominant variety, which at the same time has a strong projection at the national level and even on the Spanish regional space. In order to highlight the crossover variables, firstly the article provides a brief context of speakers' attitudes towards the variety, and later presents four current cases in which the Rioplatense linguistic standard is tensioned by a cluster of factors: the transfer of the Spanish proficiency exam CELU from an Argentine public institution to a private peninsular agency; the attention to the Real Academia Española in the Argentine national linguistic legislation; the differentiated processes of linguistic identification that Argentine speakers manifest before the Spanish of dubbing; and, finally, the management of non-normative spelling ruled by the new technologies of the written word.