bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergence of strong trends in humid heat intensity and duration in recent decades over South Asia
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Singh Deepti , Sippel Sebastian , Fischer Erich
Published: July 2024

South Asia’s climate features the hottest temperatures in the pre-monsoon season followed by intense humid heat after the onset of the summer monsoons. Here, we examine trends and drivers of humid heat extremes during the monsoon and pre-monsoon season Since the early 2000s, humid heat extremes in the monsoon season have warmed two times faster than the rate observed since the 1950s. In addition, the average duration of monsoon season humid heat extremes has increased from ~2 days in the 1950s to several weeks in the recent decades across South Asia, a region with high population density. The intensification of humid heat extremes is driven in part by peak humidity in the monsoon season occurring nearly two weeks earlier since 2000 compared to the mid-20th century baseline. and coinciding with higher temperatures. Humid heat extremes during the pre-monsoon season are also increasing across most of the region. The exception is Western South Asia, the hottest and driest region, that experienced remarkably strong cooling trends during the pre-monsoon since the 2000s. We find that rising precipitation-induced humidity levels explain the intensifying trends in humid heat extremes in the monsoon season, while declining humidity levels drive the decreasing trends in the pre-monsoon season. Our findings emphasize the need for policies and adaptations and mitigation measures to align with the substantial escalation in humid heat intensity and duration that threatens public health, labor productivity, and the economy.
Mevalonate metabolites boost aged oocyte quality through small GTPases prenylation
Authors: Ding Lijun , Liu Chuanming , Zhang Huidan , Mao Jialian , Zhang Sainan , Tian Xiao , Zhu Yibing , Wang Changjiang , Fang Junshun , Pan Huijie , Kang Nannan , Zhang Yang , Zhou Jidong , Zhen Xin , Yan Guijun , Li Chaojun , Hu Yali , Ye Cunqi , Xie Ran , So Chun , Sun Haixiang
Published: July 2024

Declined oocyte quality is the major contributor to female subfertility in aged mammals. Currently, there are no effective interventions to ameliorate aged oocyte quality. We found that oocytes from aged mice exhibited lower levels of mevalonate (MVA) pathway metabolites, including farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) and reduced cortical F-actin. We further demonstrated that MVA supplementation improved the FPP level, the cortical F-actin and the quality of aged oocytes. Mechanistically, we found that MVA supplementation induced granulosa cells to synthesize FPP, which was subsequently transferred to aged oocytes. Transported FPP increased small GTPases prenylation, including CDC42 and RAC1, and promoted membrane localization of CDC42-N-WASP-Arp2/3 and RAC1-WAVE2-Arp2/3 complexes, promoting cortical F-actin re-assembly and reducing aneuploidy of aged oocytes. We also identified an oral drug 8-isopentenyl flavone, as an isoprenoid donor from Epimedium brevicornu Maxim, which could increase CDC42 and RAC1 prenylation, improving the cortical F-actin and the competence of aged oocytes, ameliorating reproductive outcomes in aged female mice. Collectively, increasing small GTPases prenylation via MVA metabolites or 8-IPF provide a therapeutic approach for boosting fertility in women of advanced maternal age.
The Ecological Burdens of Globalisation and Their Effects on the Quality of Life in African Economies
Authors: Aladejare Samson Adeniyi
Published: July 2024

A globalisation-induced environmental consequence can either improve or degenerate the quality of life (QoL), depending on its interference in the balance between the demand and supply of ecological resources, and food security. Hence, this study examined the ecological burdens of globalisation on the QoL for 38 African countries between 1990 and 2020. Empirical inferences for the study were robustly deduced through advanced estimation methodologies. They include Driscoll-Kraay (D-K), augmented mean group (AMG) and the panel dynamic ordinary least squares (PDOLS) techniques. The study further applied the method of moments quantile regression (MMQREG) approach, since the economic progressions in each selected African country are heterogeneous despite their classification as developing nations. Notable findings from these methodologies revealed the ecological demand burden of globalisation to be diminishing the QoL. In contrast, the supply and food security effects of liberalisation are QoL enhancing. Specifically, the MMQREG procedure revealed that the adverse acceleration in the demand side of the consequence grows larger in magnitude when compared to the positive effects in the supply and food security sides as the quantile advances. The implication is that depending on the level of QoL, the ecological burden of liberalisation tends to worsen through the overexploitation and retardation of the regenerative process of natural resources, and the exacerbation of food insecurity in African countries. Applicable policy measures were proposed by the study.
The paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRA) gene polymorphism rs1859788 reduces risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in men homozygous for the ApoE ε4 allele
Authors: Lehrer Steven , Rheinstein Peter
Published: July 2024

Background
The APOE gene has long been associated with Alzheimer Disease (AD) risk. Emerging research indicates that other genetic loci, including the paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRA) gene, may play a crucial role. In the current study we used UK Biobank data to assess the relationship between PILRA and AD.
Methods
We examined the PILRA polymorphism rs1859788, a single nucleotide missense variant, G > A, minor allele frequency 0.3. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for rs429358 and rs7412 determined APOE isoform. We used PheWeb to perform a phenome wide association study (phewas) of rs1859788 and identify other conditions that might be related to both AD and rs1859788.
Results
In male subjects homozygous for ApoE isoform ε4/ε4, of the men without AD, 9.7% had AA genotype; of the men with AD, 1.8% had AA genotype. This difference was significant (p = 0.006, two tail Fisher exact test). In female subjects homozygous for ApoE isoform ε4/ε4, of the women without AD, 10.4% had AA genotype; of the women with AD 7.9% had AA genotype. This difference was not significant (p = 0.481). In subjects not homozygous for ApoE isoform ε4/ε4, the effect of PILRA genotype was not significant. A phewas of rs1859788 found an association with megaloblastic anemia.
Conclusion
We have confirmed the previously noted PILRA snp rs1859788 risk reduction of AD, as well as a PILRA link to the ApoE ε4 isoform that has been previously described. We are uncertain why the significant association is only with men who are homozygous for the ε4/ε4 isoform. A phewas indicated that PILRA SNP rs1859788 is associated with megaloblastic anemia, which may explain an observed association between AD and anemia. The identification of PILRA as a potential risk gene for Alzheimer's disease underscores the complexity of the genetic landscape contributing to AD. Alongside APOE, PILRA may play a significant role in modulating key pathological processes such as neuroinflammation and amyloid-beta accumulation.
Cost Effective Analysis of Erythropoietin Alfa With Darbepoetin Alfa in CKD Patients
Authors: S LAVANYA , S SHARMILA , P THEJALAKSHMI P , YOGESHWARAN VEHASHNEE , S ARIVAZHAGAN
Published: July 2024

Background
According to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome Guidelines (KDIGO), Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities in kidney structure or function persisting for more than 3 months, with health implications.
Aim
This study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of Erythropoietin alfa and Darbepoetin alfa in CKD patients.
Material and Methods
A Comparative Prospective Observational study was conducted among individuals visiting the Department of Nephrology, PSG Hospitals, Coimbatore, over a 6-month period. Sixty patients meeting the study criteria were included. Data on hemoglobin, serum urea, serum creatinine, and creatinine clearance were collected to assess effectiveness, while the costs of Erythropoietin alfa and Darbepoetin alfa were compared. Data were obtained from Patient Medical Records, and cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER).
Results
The study revealed that both Erythropoietin alfa and Darbepoetin alfa increased hemoglobin levels and creatinine clearance, while decreasing serum urea and serum creatinine levels consistently each month. Darbepoetin alfa was found to be more cost-effective than Erythropoietin alfa, with lower costs and greater effectiveness. Both agents effectively increased hemoglobin levels to the target range (8.5–9 g/dl), with subsequent decreases in creatinine levels noted after administration. However, Darbepoetin alfa demonstrated a greater efficiency in increasing hemoglobin compared to Erythropoietin alfa, with a cost of ₹32,688 less per patient over three months.
Conclusion
Darbepoetin alfa emerges as a more cost-effective option for managing anemia in CKD patients compared to Erythropoietin alfa.
Single-Molecule Sensing inside a Stereo- and Regiodefined Hetero-Nanopore
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhu Qiang , Yang Chao-Nan , Yang Zhong-Lin , Xin Kai-Li , Ma Jing , Winterhalter Mathias , Ying Yi-Lun , Long Yi-Tao
Published: July 2024

Channel forming proteins often contain recognition pattern or stereo specific selection filter. This ability of the channel confinement inspired us for application towards single molecule sensing. To bypass possible difficulties in purification, misfolding and possible channel gating of biological nanopores, here we show an In situ strategy via single molecule chemical modification of a heptameric protein to build a stereo and regiospecific heteromeric nanopore (hetero-nanopore) with a subunit stoichometric ratio of 3:4. Single-molecule experiments and all-atom molecule dynamic (MD) simulations reveal that the produced hetero-nanopore is indeed featured with an asymmetric stereo- and regio defined organization. In a proof-of-concept single-molecule experiment, the hetero-nanopore exhibited nearly 100% accuracy for label-free discrimination of four peptide stereoisomers with the structural and chiral differences of single amino acid in the mixture. We anticipate to customize multiple hetero-nanopores for single-molecule sensing.
Association of Feeding Practices with Growth in Infants: A Longitudinal Observational Study in a Rural District of Pakistan
Authors: Mughis Waliyah , Ahmed Sheraz , Umrani Fayaz , Jakhro Sadaf , Qureshi Khaliq , Mangrio Amnat , Rizvi Arjumand , Ali Asad
Published: July 2024

Background
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is recommended for the first six months of an infant’s life, but barriers to EBF persist due to socio-cultural, economic and health-related factors. Promoting optimal feeding practices, particularly EBF, in resource-constrained settings is essential for child growth and development. This study examines the association between feeding practices and malnutrition in a birth cohort in a rural district of Pakistan.
Methods
Data were collected from a cohort of over 2600 infants, up to six months of age, through routine household visits by community health workers. The study analyzed demographic characteristics, feeding practices, anthropometric, and health information of infants and their mothers.
Results
Breastfeeding practices varied, with exclusive breastfeeding being more common in the first month, while predominant breastfeeding (breastmilk with non-milk liquids) was most prevalent from 1 to 6 months. A total of 98.3% of infants had been breastfed at some point between birth and 6 months of age, with a significant proportion experiencing wasting (14.7%), stunting (36.7%), and being underweight (38.5%) at baseline. Early initiation of complementary feeding before four months was significantly associated with increased odds of wasting by six months of age (AOR = 4.14, 95% CI: 1.95–8.77; p < 0.001). The early initiation of breastmilk alternatives/lower rates of EBF were identified as correlating factors with wasting and underweight status in infants.
Conclusion
Parents may have to resort to suboptimal complementary feeding practices before 6 months of age, when they observe their child’s failure to thrive on exclusive breastfeeding. Our findings indicate that a comprehensive, multi-faceted health and policy approach is required to promote optimal feeding practices and improved infant nutrition and growth in resource-constrained settings. Additionally, context-specific guidelines (beyond lactation counselling) and alternative feeding options are required to support mothers who are unable to exclusively breastfeed.
Simultaneous Optimization of Delamination and Thrust Force during
Drilling of GFRP Laminate with a Core Drill by E-PIV Method
Authors: Babu Jalumedi , Ramana M. Venkata , Vivek Dubba , Reddy C. H. Sathyadev
Published: July 2024

Aeronautical applications are permanently improving because of the excellent mechanical capabilities of glass-fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP). Drilling is a vital machining task required to put the structures made of these composites together. However, these GFRP composites need more precise machining than metallic materials. This machining procedure causes delamination in the composite composition. Delamination at the exit and entry of drilled holes is a severe problem for composite materials. By maximizing the controlling variables of the drilling process, superior-drilled holes can be generated. The present study aims to optimize the drilling settings by considering various performance aspects using the entropy weight-coupled proximity indexed value method. For this study, Taguchi’s L25 5-level orthogonal array was employed. The responses are at the exit, entry delamination, and thrust force, while the control variables are feed rate and spindle speed. The findings indicate that more significant spindle speeds and smaller feed rates improve drilling success. Furthermore, current research indicates that feed rate has a more significant impact on the quality of the drilling holes.
Determinants influencing productivity in unicorn startups: Roles of new ways of working and work engagement
Authors: Harlianto Jefta , Prabowo Harjanto , Kartono Rahim Rano , J. Setiadi Nugroho
Published: July 2024

Despite its growth, Indonesia’s startup industry struggles with high failure rates; this industry relies on employee productivity and promoting new work methods that reshape modern workplaces. The study aims to examine the impact of new ways of working on employee productivity and work engagement in Indonesian unicorn startups post-pandemic while also observing the current situation using importance-performance analysis. The data analysis uses structural equation modeling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS) and Smart-PLS software. This study analyzes survey data from 56 leaders of Indonesian unicorn startups. It delves into the complex relationships between these variables based on the leaders’ perspectives. According to the findings, new ways of working impact employee productivity (β = 0.521; p-value < 0.05), new ways of working impact work engagement (β = 0.856; p-value < 0.05), work engagement impact employee productivity (β = 0.379; p-value < 0.05), and new ways of working impact employee productivity through work engagement (β = 0.325; p-value < 0.05). The findings indicate that new ways of working significantly affect work engagement and productivity. It also identifies work engagement as a key driver of employee productivity. Interestingly, the effect of new ways of working on employee performance is also mediated by work engagement, highlighting the relationship between these factors.
Digitalization of talent planning in IT sector: Mediating role of HR policies and practices
Authors: Yadav Swati , Kapoor Shikha , Kumar Gupta Sandeep
Published: July 2024

In the highly dynamic digital era of the information technology industry, agile talent planning and human resources (HR) management strategies are essential for maintaining a competitive edge. This study aims to determine the impact of HR policies and practices as a mediator between the effectiveness of talent planning and digitalization tools and techniques within the IT sector. The research population comprised IT companies in Delhi (and its national capital region), India. Using the convenience sampling technique, a sample of 106 respondents was selected out of 168 contacted, including human resource professionals and managers. The study employed regression analysis and structural equation modeling. The results reject that digitalization tools and techniques do not significantly increase the effectiveness of talent planning in IT organizations (beta coefficient = 0.455 at p-value < 0.001). Additionally, the paper shows that digitalization tools and technologies significantly affect HR policies and practices (beta coefficient = 0.826 at p-value < 0.001). The findings reject the suggestion that there is no significant positive relationship between HR practices and policies and the effectiveness of talent planning in the IT sector (beta coefficient = 0.425 at p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, the study rejects the perception that HR policies and practices do not mediate the relationship between digitalization tools and techniques and the effectiveness of talent planning (beta coefficient = 0.351 at p-value < 0.001). These insights will contribute to developing effective HR strategies that align with technological advancements and foster organizational growth.
Alpha Wave Activity on Think Hard and Dhikr Condition Using Electroencephalographic (EEG)
Authors: Huwaidah Indah Rifdah , Kholidah Kholidah , Sumarti Heni
Published: July 2024

Emotions are very important in thinking, making decisions, and a person's personality. This research was conducted to know the activity of alpha waves using an electroencephalographic (EEG) instrument, using an experimental method given the treatment of thinking hard and dhikr of istighfar. The brain waves analyzed in this study are alpha waves with a frequency between 8-12 Hz. The analysis shows that the alpha wave mean result is 11.89 Hz when thinking hard, and the mean result is 10.89 Hz during dhikr. The statistical test results show a significance of p = 0.000323 (p 0.05), showing that dhikr can volunteer from a state of hard thinking to a relaxed state. The istighfar dhikr (astaghfirullah hal adzim) by the volunteer is a response to ask for forgiveness and reassure the heart.
Analysis of the Use of Dynamic Fluid Learning Media
Authors: Dhanil Muhammad , Afriani Putri Fina , Desnita Desnita , Usmeldi Usmeldi
Published: July 2024

Advances in ICT technology support by presenting various forms of innovative media. This study aimed to obtain a profile of schools' most widely used learning media. This research method was quantitative, using surveys to collect data. The respondents of this study were 1095 students from six schools. Questionnaire instruments were used to collect data for students with the help of Google Forms. The results showed that the learning media widely used by smartphones was 14%, PhET was 23%, PowerPoint Was 18%, computers were 17%, and others consisted of flip PDF and video were 28%. Media use in dominance is carried out directly in the classroom in the learning process. This study's findings indicate that using smartphones as a learning medium still needs to be improved. Therefore, these results allow researchers to develop learning media that utilize smartphones, especially in fluid learning materials.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Cell block Using HistoGel Tube Method in Breast Cancer in Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Fatima , Rehman Fakeha , Hameed Samreen , Ahmad Saeed , Sarfraz Rahat
Published: July 2024

Background: Breast malignancy is the major cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. Therefore, early diagnosis is the primary requisition for an effective treatment plan.
Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) of fine needle aspirate cell blocks made by the HistoGel-tube method in patients with breast cancer.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, King Edward Medical University /Mayo Hospital, Lahore. The study duration was six months. 62 patients with breast lumps, of all ages, both genders, having easily accessible breast lesions and C III, C IV, C V smears on rapid onsite evaluation were included while patients who had received neo-adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy and those reported as C I ,C II smears on ROSE were excluded. FNA was performed and HistoGel cell blocks were made in addition to the conventional smears. Data was entered in SPSS version 26.
Results: The mean age of patients included in the study was 47 ± 13 years. 61(98.4%) patients were female while only 1(1.6%) patient was male. Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive predictive value, Negative predictive value  and diagnostic accuracy came out to be 96%, 69%, 92%, 81%, and 90% respectively.
Conclusion: HistoGel cell blocks have overall good diagnostic accuracy for the evaluation and diagnosis of breast malignancy.
Comparison of the effects of remifentanil and fentanyl on awakening and hemodynamic parameters in probe curettage cases
Authors: Karaaslan Erol
Published: July 2024

Aim: We aimed to investigate the effects of two different opioids, fentanyl, and remifentanil, on waking parameters, hemodynamic effects, duration of stay in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), pain and nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing probe curettage surgery.

Methods: Sixty-six patients scheduled for probe curettage surgery were randomly divided into Fentanyl (Group F, n = 33) and Remifentanil (Group R, n = 33) groups. For induction of anesthesia, 2.5 mg/kg propofol was administered as a bolus in both groups, 2.5 mcg/kg fentanyl in Group F and 2-4 mcg/kg i.v. remifentanil in Group R. No muscle relaxant agent was used. The laryngeal mask size was selected according to the patient’s body weight. For induction of anesthesia, 2.5 mg/kg propofol was administered as a bolus in both groups, 2.5 mcg/kg fentanyl in Group F, and 2-4 mcg/kg i.v. remifentanil in Group R. No muscle relaxant was used. The laryngeal mask size was selected according to the patient’s body weight and the cuff pressure was adjusted to 60 cm H2O using a manometer.

Results: The demographic data of both groups were similar in our study. Extubation time was shorter in Group R. The difference between the groups was significant (p
17. ve 18. asır sicil ve vakıf kayıtlarına göre İstanbul’da sağlıkta yardımlaşma: Tarihi ipuçları ve modern yansımaları
Authors: Erkan Nevzat , Özdinç Ahmet
Published: July 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Osmanlı dönemine ait sicil ve vakıf kayıtları üzerinden İstanbul’da sağlıkta yardımlaşmanın nasıl gerçekleştirildiğini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Vakıfların koruyucu hekimlik, tedavi ve ilaç yardımı gibi konularda topluma sunduğu hizmetler ve İslam medeniyetinde dinî ana metinlerin yardımlaşma kültürü üzerindeki etkisi ve bu kültürün Osmanlı toplumundaki yansımaları ele alınmaktadır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmada, Osmanlı dönemine ait Şer’iyye sicilleri ve vakıf kayıtları incelenmiştir. Şer’iyye sicillerinde, darp ve yaralama gibi adli vakaların sulh ile neticelendiği davalarda ilaç ve tedavi masraflarının nasıl kayıt altına alındığı araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, hastalar odası adı verilen mekânlar, cerrah müdahaleleri ve frengi gibi dönemin tedavisi zor hastalıklarına dair kayıtlar da incelenmiştir. Vakıf kayıtlarında ise darüşşifaların vakfiyeleri ve gayrimüslimlerin sağlık hizmetlerine yönelik vakıflar detaylandırılmıştır.

Bulgular: İncelemeler sonucunda, vakıflarda koruyucu hekimlik ve tedaviye yönelik hizmetler bulunduğu görülmüştür. Şer’iyye sicillerinde, adli vakalarda ilaç ve tedavi masraflarının detaylı olarak kayıt altına alındığı, vakıf kayıtlarında ise sağlık hizmetlerine yönelik vakıfların hayırseverlik duygusu ile oluşturulduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, koruyucu hekimlik ve tedavi hizmetlerinin toplumda önemli bir yer tuttuğu belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Osmanlı döneminde sağlıkta yardımlaşmanın arka planında yatan hayırseverlik duygusunun, vakıf kayıtları ve kadı sicillerinde açıkça görüldüğünü ortaya koymaktadır. Sicil ve vakıf kayıtlarının yeni belge ve bilgilerle incelenmeye devam edilmesi, sağlıkta yardımlaşma konusunda daha farklı bakış açıları ve detaylı bilgiler sunacaktır. Bu çalışma, Osmanlı dönemindeki sağlık yardımlaşma sisteminin ve toplumsal dayanışmanın tarihi kökenlerine ışık tutmaktadır.
Evaluation of disaster medicine knowledge levels and e-learning attitudes among prehospital healthcare personnel: A case study of Istanbul
Authors: Kuday Ahmet Doğan , Özcan Tuğba , Kınık Kerem , Çalışkan Cüneyt
Published: July 2024

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the disaster medicine knowledge level of prehospital healthcare personnel, identify their educational expectations, and determine their attitudes toward e-learning.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between February 1 and March 31, 2023. The population of the study consisted of 3817 personnel working in the Istanbul Provincial Ambulance Service, and the sample consisted of 384 personnel. Participants were administered a survey including the Personal Information Form, the Attitude Towards E-learning Scale, and the Disaster Medicine Knowledge questionnaire through face-to-face data collection method.

Results: Of the 384 participants, 119 were Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs), 241 were paramedics, and 24 were physicians. The average disaster medicine knowledge level was 68.15±14.06, and the average attitude towards e-learning level was 26.69±8.42. Of the participants, 52.1% (n=200) had a low level of disaster medicine knowledge, while 47.9% (n=184) had a high level of knowledge. The majority of participants (n=221, 64.8%) preferred to receive disaster medicine training online. Participants who expressed a desire for disaster medicine training had higher attitudes toward e-learning compared to those who did not (28.43±7.93 vs. 23.74 ± 8.39; p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study found that the majority of prehospital healthcare personnel had low levels of disaster medicine knowledge, but high attitudes towards e-learning. Developing an online training program tailored to current developments and needs in disaster medicine could systematically prepare prehospital healthcare personnel for their disaster response roles. Making this training a mandatory part of in-service education could enhance the knowledge levels and confidence in personal competence of personnel with lower knowledge levels.
Mediterranean Food By-products as a Valuable Source of Bioactive Compounds with Health Properties
Authors: Santonocito Debora , Montenegro Lucia , Puglia Carmelo
Published: July 2024

Recently, considerable attention has been focused on the recovery and re-use
of waste plant matrices as promising sources of bioactive compounds with health effects.
As the Mediterranean diet involves the consumption of great amounts of fruits and
vegetables, large quantities of agro-food by-products are generated, causing economic
and environmental problems. Such by-products contain a great variety of bioactive compounds
whose potential health benefits include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti--
cancer, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, antidepressant, cardio- and neuro-protective activities.
Therefore, in this review, by-products from the most common fruits and vegetables
processed in the Mediterranean area, such as tomato, olive, citrus fruit, almond, pomegranate,
carob, date, and grape, were taken into account, pointing out the content of
bioactive ingredients in extracts obtained from different parts of plants, fruits, and vegetables.
Furthermore, studies performed to assess the beneficial effects of extracts obtained
from Mediterranean agro-food by-products were reviewed, highlighting the potential
benefits of waste plant matrices re-usage in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and
cosmetic fields.
Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Pediatric Populations of Slum
Areas: Navigating Challenges and Dynamics of Immune Responses
Authors: Gunasekaran Gayathri , Thirugnanam Dinesh Kumar , Balasubramaniam Ashwath , Jayanthi N Nalini , Leela K.V.
Published: July 2024

The study presents a thorough examination of immune responses in pediatric populations within slum areas, specifically addressing respiratory infections. It explores the impact of
slum conditions on respiratory health, detailing the epidemiology of infections, including common
pathogens and environmental factors. The review delves into the etiology, clinical manifestations,
and challenges associated with viral respiratory infections, co-infections, and complications in
slum environments. The discussion extends to immune responses in pediatric respiratory infections, emphasizing unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment within slum areas. Prevention
and intervention strategies are highlighted, encompassing vaccination programs, health education,
and improving living conditions. It underscores the importance of targeted interventions, accounting for socio-economic factors, community-based strategies, and culturally sensitive approaches.
It proposes the exploration of novel approaches and the development of vaccines tailored to prevalent respiratory pathogens in slum settings. Furthermore, the feasibility and impact of routine immunization programs, emphasizing accessibility, acceptance, and long-term sustainability are explored. It advocates strengthening primary healthcare systems, investing in healthcare workforce
training, and improving diagnostic facilities. The potential of digital health technologies in enhancing surveillance, early detection, and the development of mobile applications or telemedicine platforms is discussed. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the multifaceted challenges faced by children in slum areas regarding respiratory infections, necessitating informed, interdisciplinary interventions. Addressing healthcare disparities, improving living conditions, and enhancing vaccination coverage are deemed crucial for mitigating the burden of respiratory infections. This review
calls for collaborative efforts among researchers, healthcare professionals, policymakers, and community stakeholders to develop sustainable solutions for enhanced respiratory health in slum-dwelling pediatric populations.
Child Maltreatment and Psychopathology: A Brief Review on the
Potential Role of the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis
Authors: Ferrara Pietro , Cammisa Ignazio , Zona Margherita , Pacucci Ivana , Grimaldi Maria Teresa , Scaltrito Francesca , Giardino Ida , Verrotti Alberto , Pettoello-Mantovani Massimo
Published: July 2024

Child maltreatment is a widespread global issue involving any form of harm or neglect
by a parent or caregiver, leading to various forms of physical or emotional damage, with approximately 150 million affected children globally.
This study discusses the potential mechanism of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction and cortisol hormone changes in linking child maltreatment to mental health disorders. It also
discusses supportive strategies to prevent mental diseases and counteract the biological embedding of these conditions, emphasizing the need for comprehensive interventions to address the
long-term impact of child maltreatment on mental health.

Articles were selected using established methods previously described. Key information was obtained from scientific articles published during the past 20 years, including original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Articles search was performed using top academic search engines.

While research on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress in maltreated children is
ongoing and far from conclusive, its impact and implications for physiological functioning and the
predisposition to psychopathology are significant. Childhood maltreatment increases the risk of
psychiatric illnesses, severity of diseases, and poor treatment responses.

Childhood maltreatment manifests as disruptions to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning, with the extent varying based on factors, such as the age of onset, parental responsiveness,
and the type and characteristics of maltreatment. The complex interplay of these factors contributes to the diversity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress in maltreated
children, creating a spectrum of physiological functioning and vulnerability to psychopathology.
Correlation of Sputum and Blood Eosinophils COPD Patients with Acute Exacerbation
Authors: Jahangiri Samaneh , Salajegheh Faranak , Nezhad Aryan Mohamadi , Fekri Mitra Samareh , Ghorbani Ali , Lashkarizadeh Mahdiyeh
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) poses a growing
health challenge globally, contributing to declining lung function and increased mortality
rates. Therefore, we have investigated the level of eosinophilia in sputum and the blood in patients
with COPD.

Materials and Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, ninety-four patients were selected from the
Afzalipur Hospital's pulmonary department. Eosinophil levels were measured in both blood and
lung sputum samples. Demographic data, acute attack frequency in the last year, smoking history,
and residence details were also recorded.

Results:

The study revealed a significant elevation in eosinophils in lung sputum, particularly in
male smokers, indicating associations with inflammatory reactions and structural lung changes.
Additionally, residing in urban areas correlated with increased eosinophil counts in lung sputum.

Conclusion:

This study highlights eosinophils' key role in COPD exacerbations, influenced by factors
like smoking and urban living. Assessing eosinophil levels in lung sputum helps evaluate inflammation
and allergies in COPD patients, managing personalized treatment.
Misdiagnosed Isolated Ruptured Mycotic Mitral Valve Aneurysm as Mitral Annulus Calcification
Authors: Afshar Sara , Moohebati Mohsen , Kahrom Mehdi , Rastgou Kianmehr , Hashemi Mehrdad , Rahimi Vafa Baradaran
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE) is a slowly developing type of infective
endocarditis. Aneurysm is more common in this type of endocarditis. Currently, SBE is an
uncommon cause of unexplained fever (FUO) because rapid diagnostic capabilities, such as echocardiography,
have improved. Despite echocardiography, endocarditis and valvular aneurysm
were missed in our patient due to the location and special shape of the aneurysm near the annulus.

Case Representation:

We present a case of SBE resulting in an isolated ruptured mycotic mitral
valve aneurysm in a patient on dialysis. Mycotic mitral valve aneurysm is an uncommon and serious
complication of infective endocarditis, particularly subacute endocarditis.

Conclusion:

In order to diagnose this complication, there should be clinical suspicion in the presence
of severe regurgitation without any cause, and a detailed echocardiography should be performed.
Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and Evaluation of Antioxidant
Activity from Senna alata Linn Leaves using Subcritical Carbon Dioxide
Soxhlet and Conventional Methods
Authors: Ferdosh Sahena , Rahim Nadirah Abd , Azmi Nur Sabrina Bt Ahmad , Ibrahim Maizatul Akma Binti , Sarker Md. Zaidul Islam
Published: July 2024

Background:

The demand for Senna alata Linn-based products is increasing due to their
well-known therapeutic properties for treating various diseases, such as typhus, herpes, eczema, constipation, diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, and fungal skin diseases.

Objective:

This study aims to compare the total yield of the extract, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of S. alata leaves using various extraction methods.

Method:

Extractions were performed using conventional maceration, Soxhlet, and non-conventional
Subcritical Carbon Dioxide Soxhlet (SCDS) methods. The antioxidant properties of the leaf extracts
were determined by the DPPH radical scavenging activities.

Results:

Conventional methods yield higher percentages of extracts than SCDS, ranging from 1.20%
to 25.14%. Soxhlet extraction with methanol showed the highest yields (25.14%) compared to hexane extraction (11.24%), indicating the solvent's influence on extraction efficiency. The effect of the
sample-to-soaking solvent ratio on the extracted yield varied from 1.20 to 2.45% in the SCDS method. GCMS analysis showed the presence of 18 compounds, with phytol acetate, dihydroactinidiolide,
and hexadecenoic acid methyl ester being the dominant ones. The DPPH assay shows that the extracts have in vitro antioxidant activity. The SCDS extract with methanol as a solvent had the highest
IC50 value (0.693 ± 0.1725 mg/mL), while the extract with ethanol as a soaking solvent had the lowest (55.56 ± 2.29 mg/mL).

Conclusion:

Although traditional techniques produced greater extract percentages, the SCDS method demonstrated potential for maintaining the bioactive components of S. alata leaf extracts. Overall,
this research highlights the potential of the SCDS as an alternative extraction technique to maintain
the quality of bioactive compounds in plant extracts.
Outage Analysis of IRS-NOMA System over η - μ Fading Channel
Authors: Srinivasarao K. , Rao V. Venkata , Sharma Priyank
Published: July 2024

Background:

Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) have evolved as one of the key technologies
by enabling reconfigurable, intelligent, and low-power solutions for sixth-generation (6G)
wireless communication.

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to improve outage performance by deploying the IRS
Module.

Methods:

In this research, an IRS-assisted NOMA network is explored over η - μ fading channel,
where the IRS is placed on top of the base station (BS). IRS aids in fine-tuning the phase of incoming
signals from BS in a meticulous way, which improves the performance of the system. The statistical
channel modelling of the downlink IRS-NOMA system is proposed and validated with
Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Also, analytical expressions of OP are derived for k!! user in the
IRS-NOMA system overη - μ fading channel.

Results:

Furthermore, the influence of performance factors, such as the number of reflecting elements
(M) on OP, is examined.

Conclusion:

Simulation results reveal that the IRS-NOMA system experiences less outage compared
to IRS-OMA and conventional relaying techniques.
Formulation Design and Evaluation of Iloperidone Nanosuspensions for Nasal Delivery using Wet-milling Approach
Authors: Palshetkar Aparna D. , Jadhav Saniya S. , Save Nitija D. , Khan Asfiya F. , Desai Namita D.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Iloperidone is a second-generation antipsychotic drug approved by USFDA
for the treatment of acute schizophrenia in adults. Iloperidone shows poor oral bioavailability
of about 36% as it undergoes extensive presystemic elimination. Benefits of nasal delivery, as an
alternative approach, include non-invasiveness, accessibility, ease of administration and better
compliance as compared to intravenous route. Delivery in small nasal volumes can be
strengthened using drug nanosuspensions.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate Iloperidone nanosuspensions for
nasal delivery to improve effectiveness in treating schizophrenia.

Methods:

Iloperidone nanosuspensions containing Poloxamer 188 as stabilizer, Methocel K15M
as mucoadhesive polymer and Gellan gum as in situ gelling agent were prepared by wet-milling.
Process parameters such as the number of zirconium beads and rotations per minute were optimized
to prepare nanosuspensions. The nanosuspensions were evaluated for particle size distribution,
polydispersity, zeta potential, in vitro release, ex-vivo permeation and motor activity using animal
models.

Results:

The developed Iloperidone nanosuspensions showed average particle size and polydispersity
index of 268.1 ± 2 nm and 0.362 ± 0.2, respectively and zeta potential of -19.2 ± 0.2 mV. in
vitro release studies exhibited more than 80% drug release at the end of 6 hours, while ex-vivo
studies indicated a greater percentage of drug from the nanosuspensions permeating across excised
goat nasal mucosa. Studies in animal models depicted significant activity with improved motor
response for Iloperidone nasal nanosupensions as compared to oral suspensions.

result:

The developed Iloperidone nanosuspensions were stable with average particle size and polydispersity index of 268.1 ± 2 nm and 0.362 ± 0.2 respectively and zeta potential of -19.2 + 0.2 mV. In vitro release study exhibited more than 80% drug release at the end of 6 hours while ex vivo studies indicated a greater percentage of drug from nanosuspensions permeating across excised goat nasal mucosa. Studies in animal models depicted significant activity with improved motor response for Iloperidone nasal nanosupensions as compared to oral suspensions.

Conclusion:

The present study demonstrated the successful development of Iloperidone nanosuspensions
for nasal delivery in the management of schizophrenia and proposed to have commercial
potential.
Gerenciamento de assunção de responsabilidade no gênero reportagem de checagem de fatos
Authors: Abila Fernanda , Catelão Evandro de Melo
Published: July 2024

This article discusses the application of the notion of enunciative responsibility (ER) in fact-checking reports, aiming to highlight the marks of (non-)assumption of viewpoints in the selected excerpts. The analysis focuses on two reports published on the online fact-checking plat-forms AFP Checamos and Agência Lupa, verifying the falsity of content about the Pfizer Covid-19 vaccine that circulated massively in the digital environment in 2020 and 2021. As a theoretical-methodological anchor, the theoretical postulates of textual discourse analysis (TDA) were mobilized, according to Adam (2011; 2020), in dialogue with other postulates by Rabatel (2009, 2013, 2017) and Maingueneau (2004). The results revealed that, to fulfill their communicative purpose, the primary speaker-enunciators (L1/E1), specialized agencies, used as their main discursive strat-egy the attribution of viewpoints to specialized sources capable of providing technical informa-tion on the fact-checked topic. By engaging with these viewpoints, these L1/E1s demonstrate their agreement through textual marks that semanticize others' words
Critical Review of Pharmaceutical, Analytical and Toxicity Characterization of Pittala Bhasma
Authors: Ghildiyal Rolli , Shuchi Mitra  , Usha Sharma  , Khem Chand Sharma
Published: July 2024

India has long utilized Brass, also known as Pittala, as a remedy for a range of ailments. The two elementary steps in the preparation of Pittala Bhasma (PB) are Shodhana (detoxification) and Marana (controlled incineration). The current study aims to gather and evaluate all pertinent and standard work that has been done on PB preparation, as well as standardize it concerning its safety, analytical, and pharmaceutical parameters. It is necessary to detect and quantify these drugs because they can accumulate contaminants during multiple stages of manufacturing, transportation, and storage, which can make them dangerous to use. In this regard, analytical instruments and methods are crucial. Advanced analytical techniques such as energy-dispersive X-ray, Fourier-transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction may expand our comprehension of drugs' overall effects on the body, including their structure, behavior, and response. The preparation of PB involved a thorough search of relevant ancient Indian literature on ayurvedic pharmaceuticals as well as modern research databases like Scopus and PubMed and other relevant online content. This research may shed illumination on its possible application in characterization and therapeutics, eventually enhancing human life.
Rasayana: Preventive measures for Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)
Authors: Madugula Sruthi  , Maindoli Geeta
Published: July 2024

The most valuable possession we may have ourselves is good health. Everyone aspires to live a healthy life. One of the obstacles to achieving them is non-communicable diseases. Due to their high mortality rate, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a growing worry for society, national governments, and the entire world. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which account for 41 million deaths every year globally and 74% of all deaths, are the leading cause of death. The self-management, genetic, environmental, medical conditions and sociodemographic categories can all be used to group the primary risk factors for NCDs. Every medical system places a strong emphasis on curing diseases, but in Ayurveda, the goal of healthcare programs is always to maintain and preserve health rather than curing diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that practicing Atulyagotravivah and Putreshti Yagya before conception, Masanumasika, and Garbhini Paricharya throughout pregnancy and during the developing stage of adolescence, might reduce the risk of NCDs in children. Other research studies show that Rasayana contains antioxidants that reduce free radicals, which are thought to be a risk factor for NCDs. Studies affirm Rasayana practices rejuvenate mind-body systems. Integrating Dinacharya, Ritucharya, Shodhana, and Rasayana, including Aachar Rasayana and Sadvritta, alongside Yoga and Rasayana, partly prevents NCDs. Rasayana enhances immunity, Agni, tissue enrichment, and synthesis.
Current Insight on Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Oktaviono Yudi Her
Published: July 2024

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a cornerstone in the management of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS), offering significant improvements in patient outcomes. Risk stratification is critical in guiding the urgency and timing of PCI, with invasive strategies recommended for high-risk patients identified by clinical, electrocardiographic, biomarker assessments, or validated scores. Multivessel coronary artery disease is frequently observed in patients with NSTE-ACS and is correlated with an increased likelihood of recurrent myocardial infarction and mortality. Preferably during the index procedure, complete revascularization should be considered in patients with stable hemodynamics. Functional invasive evaluation, including fractional flow reserve, may help assess the hemodynamic significance of coronary lesions and decide whether a non-culprit stenosed vessel prompts revascularization. Intravascular imaging techniques with optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound are essential for evaluating lesion characteristics, optimizing stent deployment, and enhancing the precision of PCI. Overall, a personalized interventional approach in NSTE-ACS incorporating risk stratification, timely intervention, careful consideration of multivessel disease, and advanced diagnostic modalities is paramount in enhancing patient prognosis and minimizing recurrent ischemic events. Keyword: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome, Multivessel Disease, Intravascular Imaging, Coronary Physiology, Complete Revascularization