bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تأثير السلوك الإنساني والأخلاقي في أداء العاملين
Authors: العزاوي زينب
Published: March 2022

تتجسد الفكرة الرئيسية للبحث في تشخيص طبيعة تأثير السلوك الإنساني والأخلاقي في أداء العاملين، إذ يشكل السلوك الإنساني واحد من المحركات الرئيسية لأداء العاملين، التي يتوجب الاهتمام بدراسة آليات تحفيزها والتحكم بها، إذ أشارت مشكلة البحث الى قلة الاهتمام بها، وعليه تبرز أهمية البحث في تقديم بعض الآليات التي من شأنها معالجة هذه المشكلة، ولتحقيق هذه الفكرة تم تصميم إستبانة لغرض جمع البيانات، وقد تم اختيار عينة عشوائية بسيطة من جميع العاملين في أحدى المؤسسات الصحية (مركز الشيخ عمر التخصصي لطب الأسنان)، وقد بلغ عدد أفراد العينة (40) فرداً، والتي تم تحليل بياناتها عبر البرنامج الإحصائي (AMOS v.23)، والتي عكست نتائجها أن مستوى الاهتمام و التركيز للسلوك الانساني من قبل المركز المبحوث لم يكن بالمستوى المطلوب اذ لم يتبين وجود اجراءات او ضوابط واضحة ومحددة داخل المركز من اجل تفعيل و الاهتمام بالجانب الانساني، وانما في اغلب الاحيان نجد الادارة العليا تضع كل تركيزها على الجوانب الرسمية الروتينية و تهمل الجانب الانساني و بالتالي فأن الاستمرار على هذا المنوال سيؤدي الى شعور العاملين بمزيد من الضغوط في العمل وعدم الراحة وبالتالي الى التأثير السلبي على اداء المهام الوظيفية، اما فيما يتعلق بالسلوك الأخلاقي فقد أظهرت النتائج وجود اهتمام جيد بمعايير السلوك الاخلاقي في العمل، اذ ان الادارة العليا تعاقب بشدة السلوكيات غير الأخلاقية التي قد تحدث داخل المركز المبحوث و كما ان اي تصرفات تخرج عن اخلاقيات العمل الاداري فأنها مرفوضة من قبل الادارة العليا، وفيما يخص متغير أداء العاملين فأن النتائج أظهرت ان هناك سعياً من المركز الى تطوير اداء العاملين و محاولة تذليل كافة المعوقات التي تحول دون الرفع من مستوى فاعلية وكفاءة العاملين سواء اكان من حيث الدورات التدريبية او الحوافز الممنوحة و بنفس الوقت ان دافعية العاملين نحو العمل جيدة.
Cascade System Reliability for Weibull - Fréchet Distribution
Authors: Hussein Ali , Nea'ama Mahdi
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the properties of cascade reliability model considering Weibull strength and Fréchet stress distribution have been studied, concentrating on calculating the reliability function for systems of one, two and three components. For these systems, three estimation methods were suggested and the values of reliability function for each method were calculated. The results of simulation showed positive relationship between the parameters of reliability and Weibull parameters and negative relationship between reliability function and Fréchet parameters
Bhutanese Refugees: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Rizal Govinda , Adhikari I P
Published: March 2022

Professor Dr. Michael Hutt (ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3869-6096), who was until recently Professor of Nepali and Himalayan Studies, at School of Oriental and Africa Studies (SOAS), University of London, is a renowned scholar on Bhutan studies. He has visited Bhutan, the Bhutanese refugee camps in Nepal, and Bhutanese resettled in developed countries. He has closely studied the refugee saga from the beginning till date. He has authored books and articles in peer reviewed journals on Bhutanese issues. I P Adhikari and Dr. Govinda Rizal of Bhutan Watch Team approached Dr. Hutt for a conversation on past, present and future of the former and current Bhutanese refugees.
Democracy and Political Prisoners in Bhutan
Authors: Karki Ram
Published: March 2022

The uprising of 1990 in Bhutan was a wakeup call for Bhutanese monarchy to reform. The response remains the blackest period in the country’s history. Women were raped; political leaders, students, human right activists and other common people were tortured and jailed. Many succumbed to torture; no one has the definite data of how many. Ethnic cleansing took place resulting in the eviction of more than one-sixth of the country’s population. Largest per capita refugees were produced. Movement for dignified repatriation has failed miserably but the resettlement of those Bhutanese refugees in developed countries was declared a great success. The King announced in 2005 that the country will have a ‘democratic’ government. He handed over his authority to his son to govern. The king and the country received massive appreciation for initiating democracy. By nature, the democracy should primarily benefit those who demanded it. Instead, Bhutan is the only democracy in the world where pro-democracy activists are still serving jail sentences. International community remain mute spectator to the sugar-coated Bhutanese democracy. Royal Government of Bhutan fooled them by taking advantage of their interest on geopolitics. This paper entails the story of dissidents behind the bars, their families and response from the international community – including governments, human rights groups and the United Nations. Additionally, this paper highlights the implementation of fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution of Bhutan and to see if such fundamental rights as enshrined in the constitution are real or not.
Gender Violence Within Bhutanese American Community
Authors: Nirola C M
Published: March 2022

Gender violence is an old problem worldwide. It is not an exception in the Bhutanese Community. However, the severity of the problem has grown substantially within the Bhutanese American Community following resettlement. In most cases, the victims are women and girls. A deeper investigation and historical authenticity might require finding the cause – whether the problem has grown following resettlement, or it was subdued while living in exile. This research was aimed to dig out the causes of growing gender violence in a newly resettled community and seek solutions to the problem. An anonymous survey was conducted, and the author held conversations with a number of community members and victims. Educating the victims to speak against their perpetrators while still providing social and other support would change the way the newly established community prosper. Dedicated service and support are required from local law enforcement agencies to encourage them to tell their stories. They need easy access to and guarantee of privacy and security from the police department, sexual assault hotline, medical practitioners, school and community organisations.
Enhance WLEDs Performance with Additional Phosphor Materials in Multi-Layer Remote Structure
Authors: Dang Nguyen Hai Son , Nguyen Doan Minh Thong , Nguyen Thi Phuong Loan , Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh , Lee Hsiao-Yi
Published: March 2022

One of the most important factors used to evaluate lighting performances ofWLEDs is the angular color uniformity (ACU). The triple-layer remote phosphor structure is considered as a proposed mechanism for elevating the ACU of a WLED. The analysis on the triple-layer structure's efficiency is specifically demonstrated in this article. Additionally, there are detailed comparisons between the triple-layer (TL) and the dual-layer (DL) geometries to reinforce the idea of using TL packaging for WLED optical enhancements. The WLEDs with average correlated color temperatures (ACCTs) of 6600 K and 7700 K are utilized for experiments. According to the outcomes, the attained color rendering index from DL design is higher than the one from TL package. However, the TL shows better color quality scale (CQS) than the DL, regardless of ACCTs. Besides, not only does the TL yield better CQS but also heighten the lumen efficiency. On top of that, the ACU of TL WLED model is much higher than that of the DL as a result of deviated correlated color temperature reduction at all ACCTs. This result is more obvious at the high ACCT of 7700 K, in other words, the ACU of a high-ACCT WLED shows more visible enhancement with TL structure. From these results, the triple-layer remote phosphor structure stands out as the promising advancement in the production of high-quality WLEDs.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
On the Performance of Power Beacon-Assisted D2D Communications in the Presence of Multi-Jammers and Eavesdropper
Authors: Nguyen Nhat Tan , Fazio Peppino , Voznak Miroslav
Published: March 2022

In this work, we investigate the performance analysis of a device-to-device (D2D) communication network under an eavesdropper E attack. Besides, we assume that E is located in the proximal region where it can overhear the information from the source S. Specifically, S transmits information to the destination D, adopting the power beacon's energy to surmount the limited energy budget. Moreover, to reduce the quality of the eavesdropping link, the cooperative jamming technique can be used, where the multi-friendly jammers are employed to generate the artificial noises to E continuously. As considering the above presentation, we derive the quality of system analysis in terms of the outage probability (OP), intercept probability (IP), and secrecy outage probability (SOP) of the proposed system model. Finally, the Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to corroborate the exactness of the mathematical analysis.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
SECURE DATA STORAGE IN CLOUD COMPUTING USING DECENTRALIZED CRYPTOGRAPHY
Authors: Yadav Manisha , Singh Karan , Pandey Ajay Shekhar , Kumar Rajeev
Published: March 2022

The world is moving around “Cloud Computing” due to the rapid advancement of research and innovation. The necessity of information sharing is gradually expanding over the cloud. One of the most serious concerns about the cloud is secure information sharing. To give the greatest assistance, A decentralized cryptography technique that offers secure wireless multicast communication is proposed here. The offered approach enables simultaneous access and information exchange through the internet using various key distribution centers. In this proposed technique, different reads and different composers are supported. The message's secrecy has been achieved. Agreement safe property is likewise upheld. Cloud-related security vulnerabilities are also investigated. In this proposed work, the distinctive key circulation and group of properties at various levels of the framework are decentralized. This framework just allows the approved clients to peruse, alter, erase, compose and access the information which is put away in the cloud.
Optimalisasi Edukasi Perpajakan Melalui Konten Digital Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak
Authors: Darmian L Neldi
Published: March 2022

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji penggunaan konten digital, pemahaman media digital dan pelayanan digital terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak.
Metodologi: Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 101 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa aktif di kota Yogyakarta. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda.
Temuan: Penggunaan konten digital berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak, pemahaman media digital berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dan intensitas pelayanan digital berpengaruh positif terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak.
Kebaruan: Penelitian ini mempertimbangkan penggunaan konten digital sebagai bagian dari optimalisasi edukasi perpajakan untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak dengan mempersiapkan calon wajib pajak yang memiliki perilaku patuh terhadap tanggungjawab wajibnya sebagai warga negara Indonesia.
Framing “The Elite”: The Shift from People-Centrism to Anti-Elitism in Populist Political Communication
Authors: Schäfer Maren
Published: March 2022

Contemporary populist rhetoric seems to have changed its focus. Though many definitions of populism exist, it can often be identified less as an ideology, and more as a populist political style. Part of that style is framing an antagonism between “the people” and “the elites”. In doing so, populists construct the categories “the people” and “the elites”. Since the American electorate has become increasingly pluralized, framing “the people” as a unified, homogenous group has become more difficult. In order to reach audiences more effectively, populists have adapted their strategy, focusing increasingly on framing “the elite”, rather than “the people”, as a way of unifying audiences against a common enemy. While there are different approaches to react to populists’ frames, there is no one-size-fits-all strategy due to populism’s complex and context-dependent nature. Engaging with populist actors and supporters in dialogue is, albeit challenging, the most promising strategy to understand and address their concerns in order to integrate them into the democratic system.
Das Mehrheitsprinzip im Wahlrecht
Authors: Barbaro Salvatore , Wieland Joachim
Published: March 2022

Der Gesetzgeber hat bei der Auswahl des Wahlverfahrens einen weiten Ermessensspielraum. Dieser Beitrag hinterfragt, wie weit ein solcher Spielraum ausgestaltet ist. Einerseits, weil das Mehrheitsprinzip durch eine Vielzahl von möglichen und praktisch angewendeten Wahlverfahren verletzt wird und zum anderen, weil der Gesetzgeber bzw. eine parlamentarische Mehrheit selbst stark von bestimmten Wahlverfahren profitiert. Zur Analyse unseres Beitrages greifen wir auf die social choice-Theorie zurück, welche in der juristischen Literatur bislang wenig Beachtung erfahren hat. Wir wollen aufzeigen, dass sich die beiden Bereiche befruchten können. Zudem möchten wir den Begriff der Mehrheitsentscheidung in der Literatur schärfen.
On the occurrence of Oxychilus camelinus (Bourguignat, 1852) in Bulgaria (Gastropoda: Zonitidae)
Authors: Georgiev Dilian
Published: March 2022

Adult shells and living specimens of the terrestrial gastropod Oxychilus camelinus were collected on Rahat Tepe Hill in Plovdiv city, and in Stara Zagora. These records confirm the findings of Hesse (1913) of the occurrence of this species in Bulgaria.
¿Quién tropieza por afuera? Poéticas del obstáculo y errancia del sentido en César Vallejo y Berta García Faet
Authors: Martínez Erika
Published: March 2022

Los salmos fosforitos (2017), de Berta García Faet, entablan una charla poética con Vallejo. Más allá de las citas, glosas y variaciones que contienen, Los salmos pueden ser leídos junto a Trilce porque comparten lo que podríamos llamar un ludismo existencial, su manejo de la inadecuación y la irreverencia, cierto espíritu tragicómico y una estructura polifónica. Porque proponen un trabajo libérrimo con el lenguaje y convierten a la trituradora del experimentalismo en una vorágine inaugural. Pero también y sobre todo porque, con todas sus diferencias históricas, comparten una vacilación enunciativa y el milagro de un tono: la simultaneidad de la exaltación y su cuestionamiento humorístico.
La transfiguración del tiempo en y con Trilce: La dimensión imaginaria. Los poemas LXIV y XXVIII
Authors: Rodríguez Gutiérrez Milena
Published: March 2022

Este artículo propone un acercamiento a la categoría de tiempo en Trilce, a partir de los trabajos de Raúl Hernández Novás, Yurkievich y Rowe, y de las perspectivas más amplias desarrolladas por Julio Ortega en su interpretación de la poesía vallejiana. El artículo se aproxima al tiempo otro, transfigurado y, específicamente, a ese que en el poemario se construye, al decir de Hernández Novás, como dimensión imaginaria. Se examinan dos modalidades de este tiempo: explícito e implícito, a través del análisis de los poemas LXIV y XXVIII. De manera complementaria, se exploran elementos temporales vinculados al contexto de escritura del libro.
La improbable traducción de Trilce
Authors: Ortega Julio
Published: March 2022

Testimony

Testimonio
Ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging based on acoustic scanning galvanometer
Authors: Xu Shou-Zhen , Xie Shi-Meng , Wu Dan , Chi Zi-Hui , Huang Lin ,   School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China,   School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
Published: March 2022

Ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging technology has greatly promoted the clinical application and photoacoustic imaging technology because it integrates the advantages of high-resolution structural imaging of ultrasound and high-contrast functional imaging of photoacoustic imaging. Traditional ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging is based mainly on the array probe used in ultrasound imaging to collect photoacoustic signals at the same time. The system has a compact structure and easy operation. However, this kind of equipment utilizes array probes and multi-channel data acquisition system, which makes it expensive. And the imaging quality can be affected by the difference in channel consistency. In this paper, an ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging method based on an acoustic scanning galvanometer is proposed. In this system, a single ultrasonic transducer combined with a one-dimensional acoustic scanning galvanometer is used for fast acoustic beam scanning to realize ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging. It is a compact, low-cost and fast dual-modality imaging technology. The experimental results show that the effective imaging range of the system is 15.6 mm, and the temporal resolution of ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging are 1.0 and 0.1 s–1 (B scan), respectively (the temporal resolution of photoacoustic imaging is limited mainly by the laser repetition rate). Based on the proposed technology research, it is helpful to further promote the clinical transformation and popularization of ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging. It also provides a low-cost, miniaturized and fast scheme for multimodal imaging technology which is based on ultrasound signal detection.
Pum2 and TDP-43 refine area-specific cytoarchitecture post-mitotically and modulate translation of Sox5, Bcl11b, and Rorb mRNAs in developing mouse neocortex
Authors: Harb Kawssar , Richter Melanie , Neelagandan Nagammal , Magrinelli Elia , Harfoush Hend , Kuechler Katrin , Henis Melad , Hermanns-Borgmeyer Irm , Calderon de Anda Froylan , Duncan Kent
Published: March 2022

In the neocortex, functionally distinct areas process specific types of information. Area identity is established by morphogens and transcriptional master regulators, but downstream mechanisms driving area-specific neuronal specification remain unclear. Here, we reveal a role for RNA-binding proteins in defining area-specific cytoarchitecture. Mice lacking Pum2 or overexpressing human TDP-43 show apparent ‘motorization’ of layers IV and V of primary somatosensory cortex (S1), characterized by dramatic expansion of cells co-expressing Sox5 and Bcl11b/Ctip2, a hallmark of subcerebral projection neurons, at the expense of cells expressing the layer IV neuronal marker Rorβ. Moreover, retrograde labeling experiments with cholera toxin B in Pum2; Emx1-Cre and TDP43A315T mice revealed a corresponding increase in subcerebral connectivity of these neurons in S1. Intriguingly, other key features of somatosensory area identity are largely preserved, suggesting that Pum2 and TDP-43 may function in a downstream program, rather than controlling area identity per se. Transfection of primary neurons and in utero electroporation (IUE) suggest cell-autonomous and post-mitotic modulation of Sox5, Bcl11b/Ctip2, and Rorβ levels. Mechanistically, we find that Pum2 and TDP-43 directly interact with and affect the translation of mRNAs encoding Sox5, Bcl11b/Ctip2, and Rorβ. In contrast, effects on the levels of these mRNAs were not detectable in qRT-PCR or single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization assays, and we also did not detect effects on their splicing or polyadenylation patterns. Our results support the notion that post-transcriptional regulatory programs involving translational regulation and mediated by Pum2 and TDP-43 contribute to elaboration of area-specific neuronal identity and connectivity in the neocortex.
(Dis-)integrative Effects of MUD-Usage as Seen by the Players
Authors: Keuneke Susanne
Published: March 2022

Most studies on social relationships in Multi-User-Dungeons (MUDs) focus on the online development of the relationships or on their trans¬fer from Virtual Reality (VR) to Real Life (RL). The perspective of my study is broader: 50 players of the German MUD Avalon were questioned in an online survey about the relationships they had gained or lost by playing online – and for their own judgement on the effects the MUD had on their social network. Of these 50, 20 participated in qualitative online interviews; their answers allow a better under¬standing of the quantitative data. The main results of the quantitative survey are that most of the players gained new relationships – in¬cluding an amazingly high number of couples – and only one player lost a friend; nevertheless nearly half of the players had neglected their RL relationships for some time. The interviewees judged these effects according to their RL experiences: Highest ratings were re-ported by those who gained closer relationships in VR than they were used to in RL – even though this might mean that they had simply found acquaintances rather than real friends.
Language Games/Game Languages: Examining Game Design Epistemologies Through a ‘Wittgensteinian’ Lens
Authors: Bojin Nis
Published: March 2022

Recent theorizing around games and notions of play has drawn from a pool of mid-20th century scholars including such notables as Johann Huizinga, Gregory Bateson, Roger Caillois and Ludwig Wittgenstein. Through his articulation of the concept of language as a type of game, Wittgenstein has been both adopted and critiqued for purposes of circumscribing what are now commonly held as the necessary constituents of games including their systemic nature and the acquiescence of their participants to an agreed-upon rule structure: a set of rules which Wittgenstein likens to the ‘grammar’ of language (Salen and Zimmerman, 2001;Suits, 1978; Juul, 2005; Wittgenstein, 1953; Finch, 2001; Brenner, 1999). Although thus far Wittgenstein has served as a pillar of 20th and 21st century game theory canon, this paper adopts Wittgenstein’s notion of language-games not for purposes of examining games, but for purposes of examining the design of games.  The pursuit of this paper is to utilize Wittgenstein’s lens of the language-game to investigate what it is that informs and consequently shapes and reinforces game design epistemologies in an attempt to encourage a reflexivity about the design practices behind the games we create.
Using Literary Theory to Read Games: Power, Ideology, and Repression in Atlus’ Growlanser: Heritage of War
Authors: Quijano-Cruz Johansen
Published: March 2022

This article argues that although many people state that literary theorists are attempting to take over the field of game studies, there has yet to be a real attempt to apply literary theory to a close reading of specific games. The article then proceeds to apply Althusser's and Foucault's ideas of power and state aparatuses to Growlanser: Heritage of War in an attempt to demonstrate that to find out the messages that games are proposing literary theory could be applied.
The 3D Story
Authors: Thabet Tamer
Published: March 2022

This reading attempts to show how Iron Storm connects history and fiction by means of a three-dimensional storytelling system. This paper further explores new limits of game concepts such as Jenkins space architecture and Murray's immersion, and directed towards the testing of an experientail approach to game narrative and play analysis.
The pleasurable lightness of being: Interface, mediation and meta-narrative in Lucasfilm's Loom
Authors: Švelch Jaroslav
Published: March 2022

This critique of the overlooked Lucasfilm adventure game focuses on the techniques, by which the distance between the avatar and the player is bridged, and the way the game deals with its gameness in its fiction.The critique is broken into three sections: the analysis of the fiction, investigation of the interface and, finally, the whole narrative structure.Conclusion is made that the uniqueness and "magic" often mentioned by the game's fans comes about thanks to a series of parallels between the player's and the avatar's situation.
Generations of Game Analytics, Achievements and High Scores
Authors: Medler Ben
Published: March 2022

This paper poses the question, how has game recording evolved over the generations and how will it affect future generations of players and game developers who have access to the digital past? High scores have a history behind them and as generations of games have moved forward they begin to record much more than just scores. The present player generation can record complete replays of their entire gameplay performances and even play against other recorded player ghosts. As the future generations of gamers and developers take over they will have unprecedented access to the digital history archive as it becomes easier and easier to record and store the past. Deciding what to do with that past will be the next generation’s task as games move into the future.
Chopin's Dream as Reality: A Critical Reading of Eternal Sonata
Authors: Quijano-Cruz Johansen
Published: March 2022

This article opens with a short statement on how video games should be considered as a viable means of making cultural and social statements and compares the evolution of literature to the evolution of video game narratives. After making an argument for Eternal Sonata as meaningful art worthy of critical attention it proceeds to give a critical reading of the game which presents Eternal Sonata as an instrument critical of specific aspects of society, including war, human greed, and the interests of large companies. The article integrates video game and critical theory, professional commentary, excerpts from the game, and examples of poetry, music, and painting to support the arguments presented.
Letter from the Wilderness
Authors: Mullen Mark
Published: March 2022

In a November 2006 Gamasutra article titled “We’re not listening: An Open Letter to Academic Game Researchers” John Hopson argues that much of the research into games by academics is not presented in a way likely to appeal to game developers and is largely irrelevant to their concerns.  Hopson’s argument implicates humanities and many social science researchers producing speculative and descriptive research rather than more hard-edged technical and statistical research that can have an immediate impact on a game’s bottom line.  While conceding Hopson’s point about the ineffectiveness of many academic communication norms, I argue that Hopson’s article is indicative not of problems with academic research into games as much as the position of game development toward the utility of academic research in general.  After analyzing the assumptions underlying Hopson’s argument, I offer a schema that articulates several key types of research into games carried out by scholars with a primary background in the humanities and the contribution of each research approach to the game development process.
Hyper-Ludicity, Contra-Ludicity, and the Digital Game
Authors: Conway Steven
Published: March 2022

This article identifies and interrogates a primary design principle that exists across digital game genres and formats, articulated as ludicity. The article uses specific examples across videogame genres to communicate a spectrum of ludicity with two opposing poles, hyper-ludicity and contra-ludicity. Hyper-ludicity describes instances where the game mechanics inflate, expand, or enable the player to perform actions either beyond their usual effectance, providing a sense of empowerment, or provide new actions previously outside the boundaries of the game mechanics. Contra-ludicity is the opposing principle, where the game mechanics deflate, contract, or disempower the player, where tried and tested mechanics become less effective or have no effect at all, and in some instances where entire mechanics are wholly removed from the system. Though this would seem contrary to the pleasure of play, this article investigates how this design principle also maintains its own form of pleasure.
Strategy Computer Games and Discourses of Geopolitical Order
Authors: Nohr Rolf F.
Published: March 2022

This article presents some thoughts on the forms and functions of ‘hidden’ knowledge in popular strategy games. It concentrates specifically on discourses of geopolitical thinking to argue that actual games use and reproduce specific forms of a geographical and political knowledge which are both deeply connected to the ideas of an extreme national and political thinking of the early 20th century, and form a way of describing globalized forms of order, policy and conflict. Exposing this idea will take a three-step approach. First, the close linkage between strategy games and spatial concepts in general needs to be examined. Second, some structural arguments of classical geopolitics of the 1920s to 1960s in contemporary strategy games must be revealed. Finally, this text refers to current booms and renaissances of such geopolitical discourses. In short: this article tries to show how politics are coded as actions in space and how the German “Lebensraum”-policy is connected to Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilization via Age of Empires
Development in Context
Authors: Ruggill Judd Ethan , McAllister Ken S.
Published: March 2022

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Moving Targets: The Constant Change of Mobile Game Development
Authors: Ruggill Judd , McAllister Ken S.
Published: March 2022

This interview is excerpted from a series we conducted in early 2011 with James Johnson, an independent mobile game developer in the US. Prior to creating his own games, Johnson worked as a programmer for Octopi, F.U.N. Technologies, World Winner, and Sony Online Entertainment on titles such as Snood Deluxe, Makeover Madness, Pox Nora, and The Agency: Covert Ops. In this interview, he talks about the dynamism of mobile game development, the interplay between programmers and designers, the differences between large and small companies, and the future of the game industry.
How Linearity Affects Narrative: The Incomplete Story of Final Fantasy XIII
Authors: Quijano-Cruz Johansen
Published: March 2022

This review looks at the structure of the Final Fantasy XIII narrative and how it gets in the way of the overall game. It further looks at the purely narrative elements of the game, such as story and characterization, and makes a statement on how the linearity and pacing of the game prevent it from successfully exploring critical topics.
The Sentimental Mood of All Star Baseball 2004
Authors: Stein Abe
Published: March 2022

All Star Baseball 2004 is a baseball video game made for fans of the sport. It references the rich history that surrounds American baseball, and the grand cultural context that informs the sport. Historic players, ballparks, and a mood of sentimentality set All Star Baseball 2004 apart from other baseball simulations.
Geocaching: Interactive Communication Instruments Around the Game
Authors: Ihamäki Pirita Johanna
Published: March 2022

This article presents a study of geocaching, a mobile outdoor game, and explores the interactive communication instruments players use. In this case study, an interaction communication instrument refers to all the means by which players communicate with each other, including devices and services related to the game. This case study was carried out as an Internet survey with 21 geocachers. The study also discusses articles, which offer more of an informative picture of the global game of geocaching, several related applications, communication channels used by players, and new services around the game.   Digital communication channels bring about new varieties of communities, which connect desktop computers to pervasive global networks. Some of these are extensions of non-digital forms of play, while others offer entirely new experiences and playscapes. There are about 3 million people worldwide participating in the game world. Geocaching is a game made by the players, who use GPS technology in a new way, develop it continuously, and create more interactive communication channels and services; it can thus be seen as a pilot test area for game designers and developers. This study will introduce the concept of geocaching and present and define the interaction communication instruments used therein. In the discussion, main conclusions are given in relation to different geocaching approaches and suggestions for future work are outlined.
Finishing the Fight, One Step at a Time: Seriality in Bungie’s Halo
Authors: Bonk Jens
Published: March 2022

The computer game series Halo has become one of the largest and most profitable transmedia franchises in the world, with lifetime sales of more than $3 billion in 2013 (Halo Waypoint). The narratives within the Halo universe unfold across several computer games, comic books, novels, short films (including advertising) and ARGs. On top of these corporate products that form the core ‘canon,’ fan communities have built intricately connected, additional narratives (e.g. Rooster Teeth’s Red vs. Blue) based on the story and/or the technology provided by the Halo games. This paper seeks to explore the different modes of seriality that Halo engages with. It thus traces Halo’s narrative across what Denson and Jahn-Sudmann have called “intra-ludic, inter-ludic and para-ludic” boundaries (2013). Obviously Denson and Jahn-Sudmann’s approach lends itself to the analysis of the complex fiction of Halo as a whole, but also of its constituent parts and their interrelations.

As with a lot of modern transmedia franchises, Halo’s narrative universe is at the same time splintered and unified, each installment standing on its own, but also being connected to a larger, fictional history. Consequently, it represents the culmination of what Marsha Kinder first described as “transmedia intertextuality” (1993) and what Henry Jenkins has developed further in several volumes and articles (e.g. 2003, 2011).

Beginning with the big picture of Halo as a transmedia universe, this paper will analyze the relationships between the different layers of seriality that make up Halo as a singular, yet disjointed, narrative. While para-ludic and inter-ludic elements of Halo’s seriality as a narrative universe are relatively obvious and clearly delineated, intra-ludic seriality within the Halo computer games is less visible and more subtle. Thus, in an effort to give a more detailed explanation of the role intra-ludic seriality plays in Halo as a whole, a large part of this paper will consist of a close reading of Halo 3’s first chapter. A central concept for this analysis will be the notion of “serial one-upmanship” or “outbidding” (cf. Jahn-Sudmann and Kelleter 2012), which is at the core of Halo 3’s intra-ludic seriality. While Halo 3 is divided into clearly marked chapters, this paper will argue that its intra-ludic seriality extends further and is shaped by elements of the gameplay itself. In order to offer a detailed analysis of these elements, Aki Järvinen’s terminology for elements of games will be employed (2007).
Alive: A Case Study of the Design of an AI Conversation Simulator
Authors: Walsh Eric
Published: March 2022

This article offers a case study of a game designed to encourage its players to reflect on the implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by considering the impact that advancements in AI might have on them personally or on the world more broadly. Alive is a conversation simulator in the vein of the Lifeline series of games, where the player responds to messages from a newly created AI in a manner simulating the rhythm of a conversation vis phone texts. Player decisions directly influence how the AI develops over time and the values it chooses to adopt. Throughout the narrative, the game explores a variety of topics relevant to the creation of AI, such as the potential differences between how an AI and a human would view the world, the capacity of an AI to evolve or change over time, and the risks inherent in the creation of a self-aware AI. In this article, I describe the development of a working prototype of my game, made freely available to accompany this piece. After first establishing the basic principles of conversation simulators based on an analysis of existing examples, I chronicle the design decisions I made and offer my rationale for them. I also discuss the difficulties I encountered in covering this topic and propose what I see as helpful design takeaways for creating other games in a similar vein. It is my hope that this article provides practical tools to scholars and designers interested in both creating and interrogating complex topics such as AI through games.
Understanding the User Experience of AI Through the Lens of Game Studies
Authors: Warpefelt Henrik , Johansson Magnus
Published: March 2022

In recent years, video games have arisen as a frontier for Artificial Intelligence (AI), with game developers making extensive use of AI technologies in their games. However, scholars have called for a more user-focused understanding of how AI affects the gaming experience. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework for how the user experience of AI can be understood and analyzed in terms of the affordances that are provided to players. We also present a typology of affordances relevant to AI in games.
Optimizing seawater temperature conditions to increase the productivity of ex situ coral nurseries
Authors: Merck Dakotah E. , Petrik Chelsea G. , Manfroy Alicia A. , Muller Erinn M.
Published: March 2022

Large scale ex situ propagation of coral colonies for reef restoration is a relatively new and developing field. One of the many advantages of utilizing ex situ coral nurseries is the ability to optimize water quality conditions for coral health and survival. Slight alterations in environmental parameters (light, pH, temperature etc.) can affect the health and grow-out time of cultured coral, ultimately influencing production rates. However, corals are also subjected to pests associated with culture facilities such as ciliates, cyanobacterial blooms, and infectious diseases. Therefore, adjusting environmental parameters to optimize coral growth for a shorter ex situ residency time will lead to greater survival and faster restoration. Studies indicate that some coral species demonstrate parabolic tissue growth in response to increasing sea-surface temperatures until the maximum temperature tolerance is reached, whereafter they bleach. To maximize coral growth in Mote Marine Laboratory’s ex situ system, we tested the effect of two water temperature treatments (high temperature: 29.5 ± 0.03 °C; control: 25.2 ± 0.08 °C) on two coral species commonly used in reef restoration. To quantify this, we used four replicates of three genotypes each of Montastraea cavernosa (n = 12) and Acropora palmata (n = 12). Two-dimensional tissue area was recorded monthly using ImageJ and survival rates within each treatment were documented for 7 months. Results found that M. cavernosa had greater growth rates and equal survivorship in the high temperature treatment compared to the control treatment. A. palmata grew faster and had equal survivorship in the control treatment compared with the high temperature treatment. These results suggest that temperature preferences exist among coral species within ex situ systems and restoration practitioners should consider species-specific temperature regimes to maximize ex situ coral growth rates. This information is critical for optimizing production when corals are in the grow-out stage and should also be considered when designing ex situ systems to ensure temperature regulation can be controlled on a species-specific basis.
Immunogenicity mechanism of mRNA vaccines and their limitations in promoting adaptive protection against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Salleh Mohd Zulkifli , Norazmi Mohd Nor , Deris Zakuan Zainy
Published: March 2022

Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019, hundreds of millions of people have been infected worldwide. There have been unprecedented efforts in acquiring effective vaccines to confer protection against the disease. mRNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional vaccines due to their high potency with the capacity for rapid development and low manufacturing costs. In this review, we summarize the currently available vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in development, with the focus on the concepts of mRNA vaccines, their antigen selection, delivery and optimization to increase the immunostimulatory capability of mRNA as well as its stability and translatability. We also discuss the host immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and expound in detail, the adaptive immune response upon immunization with mRNA vaccines, in which high levels of spike-specific IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected after two-dose vaccination. mRNA vaccines have been shown to induce a robust CD8+T cell response, with a balanced CD4+ TH1/TH2 response. We further discuss the challenges and limitations of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, where newly emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 may render currently deployed vaccines less effective. Imbalanced and inappropriate inflammatory responses, resulting from hyper-activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may lead to vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) and rare cases of myocarditis and pericarditis also are discussed.
The Effects of Job stress on Suicidal Thoughts among Firefighters: Alcohol Use and Cognitive Emotion Regulation as a Moderator
Authors: Park Seung-Kyun , Ko Gi-Bong , Yook Sung-Pil
Published: March 2022

This study aims to examine the effect of occupational stress on suicidal thoughts among firefighters and verify the impact of alcohol use and cognitive-emotional regulation on the relationship between occupational job stress and suicidal thoughts. To achieve this, the authors surveyed and measured occupational job stress, alcohol use, and the Korean culture in relation to suicidal thoughts and cognitive-emotional control. The result showed that the hierarchical regression analysis that examined the effect of alcohol use and cognitive-emotional regulation on the relationship between occupational job stress and suicidal thoughts indicated that alcohol use had a moderating effect on occupational job stress leading to an increase in the frequency of suicidal thoughts. Based on these results, the necessity of follow-up studies along with the academic and clinical implications are discussed.
Measures to Prevent Assault Damage to 119 EMS Personnel by Restraining Obstruction of Fire-fighting Activities
Authors: Lim Jae-Man , Kim Jin-Hyeon
Published: March 2022

About 200 cases of 119 Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel suffer from violence annually. Interfering with the work of EMS personnel threatens the safety of people's life, body, and property. It also causes physical and mental damage to EMS personnel and must be improved. In 2021, the revision of the 「Framework Act on Fire-fighting」 established a new regulation that allows fire officers to directly restrain those who interfere with fire-fighting activities. However, misinterpretation or application of this could infringe on the fundamental rights of the people guaranteed by the constitution. EMS personnel should apply this provision only to the minimum extent required. However, they are not familiar with the professional interpretation of the constitution and law; therefore, the national fire agency shall prepare specific internal regulations for article 27-2 of the 「Framework Act on Fire-fighting」. It is also necessary to educate EMS personnel.
Correlation of Dermatoglyphics with Clinical Characteristics of Cervix Carcinoma Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Pravallika K , Tewari Vandana , Sharma Sheela , Kumar Anil
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Cervix cancer is most prevalent cancer in females. Early detection and regular screening methods are helpful for the prevention of cervix cancer related morbidity and mortality. Early stages of development, dermatoglyphic features are generated under genetic influences, but they can be influenced by environmental variables during the first three months of pregnancy. These trends may reflect an individual’s genetic make-up and, as a result, his or her proclivity for particular diseases. Therefore, the dermatoglyphic prints may serves as a non invasive anatomic marker of cervix cancer risk, allowing for early detection and treatment. Aim: To characterise dermatoglyphics in cervix cancer patient and correlate them to principal clinical features. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 300 cervix cancer patients, analysed the clinical presentations and dermatoglyphics prospectively after obtaining ethics approval from a tertiary care hospital, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, during December 2016-January 2020. The palmar dermatoglyphics (loops, arches, whorls and palmar angle) were obtained and evaluated for correlation with principal clinical features like vaginal discharge, postmenopausal bleeding, and intermenstrual bleeding using Spearman’s correlation test. Results: In this study, the frequencies of arches, loops and whorls were 81, 2051, 868 respectively. A strong positive correlation (r>0.92) existed between whorls of palmar digits and clinical features of cervix cancer. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphic patterns could be used to investigate the genetic cause of cervix cancer and could potentially be used as a non invasive anatomical screening method in high-risk patients.
Utilisation Pattern of Annapurna Krishi Prasaar Seva (AKPS) by Farmers of Nagarkurnool District of Telangana
Authors: Saikanth D. R. K. , Murugan P. P. , Prasanth A. , Mahandrakumar K. , Prabakaran K.
Published: March 2022

This study was conducted to know the utilisation pattern of Annapurna Krishi Prasaar Seva (AKPS) project by farmers of Nagarkurnool district of Telangana. Among the various projects in operation, Annapurna Krishi Prasaar Seva (AKPS) was selected for the study. Twelve respondents were selected randomly from each village that constituted 120 respondents for the study. It was observed that out of 120 respondents almost two-thirds of farmers (65.00 per cent) were utilising services with 3.33 per cent of farmers using it daily once, 13.33 per cent using it weekly once, 22.50 per cent using it monthly once and 25.83 per cent using it whenever needed. Further, the study also revealed that half of the farmers (50.83 per cent) were utilising services for information regarding crop protection followed by 42.50 per cent for weather information, 39.16 per cent for cultivation practices, 34.16 per cent for market prices and 29.16 per cent for livestock information. Whereas, 27.50 per cent, 24.16 per cent, 20.00 per cent and 15.83 per cent were utilizing Annapurna krishi prasar seva for quality inputs, irrigation practices, alternate crops and post-harvest practices information respectively. From this study it was found that Annapurna krishi prasar seva (AKPS) was a popular ICT and the farmers were interested in getting information which need regular update like quality inputs, information on government schemes, crop protection practices, market prices.