bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Effective Distance Learning in Foreign Language, Linguistics and Translation College Courses
Authors: Al-Jarf Reima
Published: November 2022

Due to Covid-19, there was a sudden shift to distance learning (DL) without prior preparation. Students and faculty surveys showed that 51% of the students were dissatisfied with EL, online communication with their instructors, had difficulty understanding the online class lectures and material and had concerns about exams. Even when face to face instruction was resumed in Fall 2021, some courses were still delivered online. It seems that some departments, colleges, and universities will continue to offer some courses online. To make the best use of online teaching and learning, this article proposes a model consisting of strategies for making distance teaching and learning in foreign language, linguistics and translation college courses effective, interactive, engaging and fun. Those strategies are: Using some free platforms, supplying devices and good infrastructure to both students and instructors, practicing using the platform, supplementing the platform with one or more technologies, orientation, training and support, telling the students about online class logistics, selecting online course material and resources, integrating global topics and participation goals in the class material, practicing a variety of language skills with online videos, blogs, mobile apps and others, using effective teaching techniques, assignments, and activities, giving feedback, motivating and engaging the students, online communication and interaction, nurturing the online classroom community, preparing and following effective and reliable online testing procedures, the instructor’s role in the distance learning environments, evaluating the students’ and faculty DL experience, and providing teachers’ professional development and support.
Online Assessment: A Case Study of Ecole Normale Superieure, Moulay Ismail University
Authors: Jmad Sabrine , Boutob Ilham
Published: November 2022

In the digital age, the use of technology is gradually being imposed in all institutions of higher education in Morocco. Without pretending to replace face-to-face teaching, distance learning is less expensive, flexible and accessible if discussed from a temporal and spatial point of view. It allows for the achievement of objectives that could not be achieved without technology. The numerous pedagogical and technical challenges that our training system should face are becoming more and more important and complex; and so are the speculations. In the era of massiveness and lifelong learning, distance learning favors a greater level of autonomy and productivity in the learning process, which is becoming increasingly distant from the teaching process. However, it should be noted that distance learning is still in the experimental stage and has not yet been adopted as a training modality that would meet the new needs of learners and a new audience that is not to benefit from face-to-face training. If this is the case of distance learning, what could be said about online assessment then? In this article, the focus is going to be put on this latter through the experience of the Ecole Normale Superieure of Meknes with the online assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. A study was conducted at the level of the institution using both a qualitative survey addressed to the professors and a qualitative exploration addressed to the students with the aim of reflecting on the process of the online evaluation. The research findings refer to a deficiency in this area and call for the implementation of training systems to be used, not just in the case of Emergency Remote Teaching.
Líder o jefe, características y efectos en el desarrollo de las organizaciones
Authors: Becerra-Sarmiento María , Revelo-Oña Renato
Published: November 2022

El propósito de esta investigación es definir la diferencia entre líder y jefe que está muy marcada por su forma de actuar que influye directamente en el resultado de la gestión organizacional. Método. Se aplicó una investigación explicativa no experimental para analizar la causa y efecto del comportamiento del líder y jefe, en una revisión meta analítica de la literatura disponible y se examinó su comportamiento entre líder y jefe con el test JELI, para determinar las diferencias significativas y sus efectos para las organizaciones. Resultados. Las empresas que tienen mayores resultados son las que trabajan en equipo con líderes a la cabeza, lo que no ocurre con jefes que no tienen un buen ambiente laboral y no siempre llegan a cumplir las metas. Discusión y conclusiones. El personal motivado con una líder rebaza las expectativas propuestas, a diferencia de un jefe que dispone e indispone al personal y no empatiza con su equipo de trabajo, por lo que lo que el jefe requiere aprender competencias de liderazgo para mejorar su gestión.
UPAYA MENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI ARITMATIKA SOSIAL DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN RECIPROCAL TEACHING
Authors: Hidayati Nisa Nurul
Published: November 2022

This research is based on the students' low understanding of Social Aritmatics material. Social Arithmetic is an important mathematical material to be mastered by SMP/MTs students. Based on the results of observations made by researchers at SMPN 12 Tarakan, it shows that the Social Arithmetic material taught is still having difficulties and learning outcomes are not optimal. The solution that the researcher will do is to use a reciprocal teaching learning model. The reciprocal teaching learning model has four strategies, namely: summarizing/summarizing, asking questions and solving them, explaining and predicting. This study aims to determine the teacher's ability to manage learning, student activities during learning and student learning outcomes with the reciprocal teaching learning model. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with three cycles in each cycle there are two meetings consisting of planning, action, observation and reflection. The subjects in this study were grade VII students consisting of 32 students. The data was collected by using the teacher's ability observation sheet in managing learning, student activity observation sheets during learning and post-test. Data analysis techniques, researchers used descriptive analysis (percentage) in accordance with the effectiveness criteria that have been determined. The results of this study indicate that in the first cycle, classical student learning outcomes have not reached completeness, namely 34.3%. In the second cycle, classical student completeness is included in the complete category with a percentage of 67.25% and in the third cycle completeness is 81%. The data on the teacher's ability to manage learning is categorized as very good, student activities during learning are generally active. Based on this, it can be concluded that student learning outcomes in Social Arithmetic material increase by using the reciprocal teaching learning model.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL CERITA SEGITIGA BERDASARKAN PROSEDUR NEWMAN
Authors: Irianti Nathasa Pramudita , Setiawan Rudy , Jaya Felisita Casandra
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify the types of errors based on Newman's procedure performed by seventh grade students of SMP Sunan Giri Malang in solving triangle story problems. The types of errors that are indicators of Newman's procedure are reading error, Comprehension errors, transformation errors, process skill errors, and the Encoding errors. This research belongs to the type of descriptive qualitative research with data  collection carried out through tests, interviews, observations, and documentation with 10 students as research subjects. The results of this study indicate that the subject made errors (1) Reading errors, the subject does not understand the sentences they read, (2) Comprehension errors, the subject of writing is known and asked exactly like the question and does it carelessly. (3) Transformation errors, forget the triangle formula. (4) Process skill errors, the subject is wrong in the process of calculating multiplication, division and addition. (5) Encoding errors, the subject incorrectly wrote the final answer and did not write the final conclusion.
ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL PENJUMLAHAN DAN PENGURANGAN BILANGAN BERSUSUN
Authors: Napfiah Siti , Zahro Khorida Masluchiatus
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the students' difficulties in solving addition and subtraction problems with composite numbers. This research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The research subjects consisted of three odd semester II students at SD Pakiskembar 2. Students' abilities related to mathematics were indeed different, so there were students who found it difficult when working on math problems. It is suspected that this is because the student has difficulty    understanding something abstract. Based on the research, it was found that students experienced difficulties in adding and subtracting compound numbers in the following ways: (1) Students' difficulties in addition and subtraction operations involving zeros, (2) Students did not fully master addition and subtraction procedures, (3) Students difficulty in converting story questions into mathematical form, (4) Students are less careful in reading the questions, (5) Students have not mastered the operation of counting addition by storing, and arithmetic subtraction by borrowing. To anticipate learning difficulties, a learning process is carried out, such as: the application of learning based on the principles of learning mathematics, the concept of learning mathematics, and paying attention to the level of mastery of the material in students.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL-SOAL STATISTIKA PADA PEMBELAJARAN PASCA COVID-19
Authors: Kartika Era Dewi , Hanifatulianti Fharanida Ilmalana
Published: November 2022

The research in this article was conducted with the aim of analyzing students' mistake in solving problems on statistical material. The subject matter of statistical material is related to the presentation of data in the form of diagrams and tables, average in problem solving, median and mode. This research belongs to the type of descriptive research using qualitative research methods. The test instrument is the instrument used in this study which consists of 5 multiple choice questions, each of which contains indicators of student competency achievement. The analysis of the level of student difficulty was carried out after the data was collected based on the results of the written test that had been done. Based on the data collected will be disclosed, analyzed, and described in words about the difficulties of students in statistical material. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that student errors in working on problems on statistical material, namely students make mistakes on indicators determining the data value of the two average values, with an error percentage of 80%. besides that, students also had errors in the indicators of determining the pie chart that matched the data, with a percentage error value of 60%.
Discussion aspects and consequences of using the concept of tax expenditures
Authors:   SESE “The Academy of Financial Management”, SOKOLOVSKA Alla
Published: November 2022

Introduction. The development and implementation of the concept of tax expenditures laid a solid foundation for not only tax, but also budget reforms, the ultimate goal of which is to increase the efficiency of budget funds. Despite this positive aspect of the concept, it has been the subject of heated debate since its inception. Problem Statement. Discussions about the concept of tax expenditures are not familiar to most Ukrainian scientists and practitioners, but they are important for understanding its essence and importance for the formation of a balanced and transparent tax policy and public administration system. The purpose of the article is to analyze the controversial aspects of the concept, as well as the consequences of its introduction. Methods. General scientific methods of cognition are used: critical analysis of the controversial provisions of the concept of tax expenditures; combination of historical and logical, abstract-logical and concrete. Results. The most problematic aspects of the concept of tax expenditures, which have become the object of its criticism, are analyzed: approaches to determining the benchmark tax system and tax expenditures, as well as methods of their measurement. It has been established that various scientists propose to define the benchmark tax system (structure) on the basis of one of three approaches: normal or normative tax system; benchmark tax system and compromise of the actual (current) tax system and the theoretical ideal. The reasons for criticism, as well as arguments “for” and “against” the existing approaches are revealed. The shortcomings of the most common method of measuring tax expenditures – the revenue forgone method, which does not provide an accurate measurement of budget losses, are analyzed. The reasons for a critical assessment of the consequences of application the concept of tax expenditures in the context of achieving the goals set when it was introduced – narrowing the system of tax benefits, improving the process of forming fiscal policy, increasing the transparency of tax expenditures – are revealed. Conclusions. It is concluded that critical evaluations of the consequences of applying the tax expenditure concept cannot override its positive impact on tax policy and the tax system, and the main directions of this impact are identified. The trends in the development of the concept of tax expenditures on the basis of generalization of changes that have occurred in the process of its application in different countries are highlighted.
Dynamic analysis of the impact of scientific and innovative activities on the formation of gross added value in Ukraine
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, RIEPINA Inna , SADOVNYK Oleksandr ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, CHABAN Vitalii ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Factors such as scientific and innovative activities exert a significant impact on the development of national economies and the formation of individual macro indicators. However, today in Ukraine they have not yet become stimulators of economic growth and need to be updated. Problem Statement. With the help of modern methodological tools, the level of influence of scientific and innovative activities on the formation of gross added value in Ukraine has been studied, which proves the importance of these types of activities in ensuring the sustainable development of the state. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the impact of scientific and innovative activities on the formation of gross added value -one of the key indicators of the country's economic development. Methods. General scientific and special methods are used: statistical - for researching indicators of scientific and innovative activity; comparison - for comparing indicators of scientific and innovative activity in Ukraine and developed countries of the world; correlation-regression analysis for assessing the impact of scientific and innovative components on gross added value; scientific generalization and systematization - for identifying areas of activation of innovative activity. Results. It has been determined that, compared to developed countries, the lack of financial resources for scientific research (R&D) explains the causes of many problems of domestic science, and the level of innovative activity of industrial enterprises in Ukraine is insufficient. Applying the method of correlation-regression analysis, it has been established that the greatest impact on the formation of gross added value is caused by indicators such as the number of innovatively active industrial enterprises as well as the number of employees involved in the implementation of R&D. Conclusions. Solving the problems that inhibit the innovative development of the national economy requires the synergy of the state, business and research environment. Taking into account the level of economic development, the state of scientific and innovative activity, efforts should be focused on priority innovative projects in selected industries and on the formation of a cluster of innovative technologies.
State regulation with regard to disclosure of information by banks on sustainable finances
Authors:   SESE “The Academy of Financial Management”, BORTNIKOV Gennadiy
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Disclosure of information on sustainable finances and environmental, social and corporate risks is becoming a norm of banking practice in the world, Ukrainian banks are gradually joining this process. Access to information about activities in the field of sustainable finance is crucial for investors to decide whether to provide appropriate resources. Problem Statement. Lack of unification and verification of the reliability of data on the activities of Ukrainian banks in the direction of realizing the goals of sustainable development. The purpose is to generalize key innovations in the global banking community regarding public disclosure of information on sustainable finances. Methods. Common scientific methods were used in the research process: structural and systemic analysis, synthesis, grouping, comparison, theoretical generalization and abstraction. Results. The basic structure of the annual report on sustainable financing of the bank should include four sections (business responsibility, social sphere, environment, corporate structure), in compliance with the principles of proper disclosure of information, and the detailing can be done by a specific bank. The reports of Ukrainian banks, which contain information on sustainable financing, do not fully correspond to the best global practice. The main shortcomings of these reports are declarative, with gaps in setting target indicators, lack of independent assessment, focus on environmental aspects. In addition, there is imperfect, incomplete or outdated information base on climate finance and ecology in Ukraine; the legal framework of sustainable finance needs to be harmonized with European standards, taking into account national specifics. All these aspects complicate the comparative analysis. In the countries of the European Union, a system of reporting on the risks of non-compliance with environmental, social and management standards (so-called ESG risks) has been introduced. In developing reporting standards, the National Bank should pay attention to the principles of effective information disclosure developed by the TCFD expert group. Conclusions. It is appropriate to introduce the publication of annual reports of state banks on sustainable financing in a unified format starting in 2023. The report on stable finances must be confirmed by an independent assessment (verification) to prevent data manipulation. Audit companies and rating agencies can act as independent evaluators. Even in the conditions of martial law, the global Sustainable Development Goals are not excluded from the agenda, on the contrary, they acquire special importance, especially the social aspects. The NBU could play a decisive role in the unification of approaches and ensuring the reliability of data. Martial law cannot be the reason for banks and the regulator to neglect issues of reliability and completeness of reporting.
Tax policy of Ukraine against the background of classical principles of taxation
Authors:   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, KHOMYN Petro
Published: November 2022

Introduction. Despite the sufficient number of publications by domestic scientists, which contain thorough recommendations regarding the formation of a balanced taxation system in Ukraine, attempts to implement them are of a contradictory nature. This is confirmed by permanent stochastic amendments and additions to the Tax Code of Ukraine, which are characterized by a lack of systematicity. Problem Statement. At various stages of the development of tax policy in Ukraine, almost no systematic studies of its effectiveness were conducted. Taking into account the challenges of destabilization in the global economic space, the introduction of coordinated management mechanisms capable of simultaneously regulating the components of the fiscal space remains relevant. Purpose. Analytical understanding of tax policy in the context of its effectiveness. Results. The emphasis is placed on the need to adhere to the classical principles of taxation, first of all, the combination of equality of subjects regarding tax payments with the economy of this process due to the proper selection of the source of taxation. Attention is focused on the inadmissibility of “manual control ” of value-added tax refunds and the feasibility of a combined method of its application in the raw materials sector by combining it with sales tax is substantiated. Conclusions. On the basis of an analytical understanding of tax policy in the context of effectiveness from the standpoint of both the formation of the revenue part of the State Budget of Ukraine and the observance of the principle of economy of the current taxation system, supported by factual indicators in terms of individual taxes, measures to eliminate its shortcomings are proposed. To ensure the balance of such measures, the need for their preliminary approval in the form of an experiment is substantiated.
Magnetic resonance enterocolonography for assessing inflammation activity in Crohn’s disease using the CDMI and MEGS indices
Authors: Zarodnyuk I. V. , Eligulashvili R. R. , Veselov V. V. , Mikhalchenko V. A. , Nanaeva B. A. , Vardanyan A. V. , Peda E. S.
Published: November 2022

AIM: to determine the diagnostic efficiency of magnetic resonance enterocolonography using inflammation indices (CDMI, MEGS) in assessing activity of the inflammatory process in the colon and small intestine in Crohn's disease.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: the study included 42 patients with Crohn's disease (age ranged from 19 to 47 years). All patients underwent magnetic resonance enterocolonography (MRE) with intravenous contrast and diffusion-weighted images. According to the results of MRE, were determined MR indices of inflammation activity in the small and large intestine - CDMI and MEGS. The MR inflammatory activity indices CDMI and MEGS were compared with the endoscopic inflammatory activity index SES-CD.

RESULTS: the MR inflammation activity index CDMI did not show a statistically significant diagnostic efficiency (p>0.05). The MR inflammation activity index MEGS showed a statistically significant diagnostic efficiency (p<0.0001). According to the nomogram, the MR inflammation activity index MEGS demonstrated a high predictive ability to determine the true activity of the inflammatory process in the small and large intestine. Correlation demonstrated direct strong relationship between the quantitative values of the MEGS inflammation indices and the endoscopic inflammation index (SES-CD) (r=0.843, p<0.0001).

CONCLUSION: magnetic resonance enterocolonography using the MEGS activity index has a high diagnostic efficiency in assessing the activity of the inflammatory process in the small and large intestine in Crohn's disease. The MR inflammation activity index CDMI did not show statistically significant diagnostic efficacy. The results of the study should be considered preliminary and require further study of the possibilities of these indices of inflammation activity in a larger sample of patients.
Ultrasonography of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (review and case reports)
Authors: Pershina A. E. , Trubacheva Yu. L. , Vyshegorodtsev D. V. , Biryukov O. M.
Published: November 2022

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a chronic benign disease with an unclear pathogenesis and a wide range of macroscopic changes of rectal and sigmoid colon wall, without any specific clinical symptoms. Its detection and differential diagnosis with tumors and inflammatory bowel disease often is challenging. The aim was to assess the entire spectrum of SRUS manifestations, as well as to analyze the possibilities of ultrasound and other imaging modalities (barium enema, defecography, MRI, CT) in its diagnostics. Clinical cases showed that every method solves its own tasks, revealing structural and/or functional changes in SRUS, and makes a valuable contribution to the final diagnosis
Surgery for MutYH-associated polyposis (systematic review, meta-analysis)
Authors: Toboeva M. Kh. , Shelygin Yu. A. , Tsukanov A. S. , Pikunov D. Yu. , Frolov S. A. , Ponomarenko A.  A.
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND: to date, there are no clear guidelines for MutYH-associated polyposis (MAP) surgery.

AIM: to study the world literature on MutYH-associated polyposis surgery using a meta-analysis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: the systematic review was carried out in accordance with the practice and guidelines of PRISMA. The meta-analysis included the results of 14 case studies, 4 cohort studies, as well as own data on patients with MAP. A total of 474 patients with MAP were analyzed.

RESULTS: when analyzing the number of colorectal polyps, the total occurrence value (95% CI: 0-14) of less than 10 polyps was 10%, in 52% cases (95% CI: 0-100) from 10 to 100 polyps were detected, in the remaining cases there were more than 100 polyps. Colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 56% of patients (95% CI: 45–66) of patients, while tumors with the T1-T3 were found in 38% of cases, tumors with the T4 were found in 7% of cases, lesions of the regional lymph nodes N + were found in 8%. The synchronous tumors were detected in 12%, and metachronous — in 5%. In 87%, some parts of the large intestine were preserved, in 38% [95% CI: 0-100] — colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, in 27% [95% CI: 23-31] — colorectal resection, in 22% [95% CI: 16-27] — polypectomy), in other cases total removal of all parts of the large bowel was performed.

CONCLUSION: patients with MAP who have been diagnosed with less than 100 colorectal polyps may undergo endoscopic polypectomy, if technically possible. Despite the risk of developing CRC, which in most cases has a nonaggressive course, the clinical course of MutYH-associated polyposis is relatively favorable. For this category of patients, it is possible to limit colorectal resection with annual endoscopic control and removal of detectable polyps in the remaining parts of the large bowel
Stoma takedown after Hartmann’s procedure in a patient with hemophilia A complicated with production of inhibitor to FVIII (review and case report)
Authors: Shtyrkova S. V. , Shutov S. A. , Batrov P. A. , Rybakov E. G. , Prasolov N. V.
Published: November 2022

One of the specific manifestations of hemophilia A is the spontaneous abdominal hematoma mimicking the clinical picture of acute abdominal disease. The appearance of auto-antibodies to FVIII leads to a loss of response to replacement hemostatic therapy and requires an individualized approach as well as highly sensitive laboratory monitoring to reduce the risk of uncontrolled bleeding. The paper presents the case of multi-stage surgical treatment of this complication.
Ryazan clinical hospital (40 years)
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: November 2022

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Endoscopic mucosal resection with a circumferential incision in the removal of colorectal neoplasms (preliminary results of the prospective randomized study)
Authors: Abdulzhalieva A. U. , Likutov A. A. , Mtvralashvili D. A. , Veselov V. V. , Vaganov Yu. E. , Chernyshov S. V. , Mainovskaya O. A. , Sushkov O. I.
Published: November 2022

AIM: to assess the early results in patients with benign epithelial colorectal neoplasms which underwent endoscopic mucosal resection with a circumferential incision (C-EMR).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: a prospective randomized trial included 50 patients who underwent endoscopic removal of benign epithelial colorectal neoplasms sized 20–30 mm (November 2020 — January 2022). The main group included 26 patients which underwent C-EMR. The control group included 24 patients which underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

RESULTS: postoperative complications developed in the C-EMR group in 5 (19.2%), and in the ESD group — in 7 (29.2%) cases (p = 0.51). The operative time in the C-EMR group was significantly less than in the ESD group — 30 vs 60 min., respectively (p < 0.001). In all cases in both groups, tumors were removed en bloc. There R0 resection were performed in 22 (84.6%) and in 23 (95.8%) cases in the main and control groups, respectively (p = 0.3). Two (8.3%) procedures in the control group were converted to the C-EMR procedure.

CONCLUSION: endoscopic mucosal resection with a circumferential incision is an effective and safe method for removing benign epithelial neoplasms sized 20–30 mm, as well as submucosal dissection. The removal of the tumor by the C-EMR method reduces operative time by half compared with ESD method.
The addition of paclitaxel in chemoradiotherapy of anal squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective randomized phase 3 trial
Authors: Gordeev S. S. , Naguslaeva A. A. , Chernykh M. V. , Rybakov E. G. , Ivanov V. A. , Zagidullina A.  A. , Seydinovich A. , Mamedli Z. Z.
Published: November 2022

AIM: to compare long-term outcomes and safety of the addition of paclitaxel to chemoradiotherapy for squamous cell anal carcinoma.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective phase 3 randomized trial included patients with histologically verified non-metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma. Patients received radiotherapy 52-54 Gy (for T1-T2 tumors) and 56-58 Gy (for T3- T4 tumors) in 2 Gy daily fractions during chemotherapy with mitomycin C (10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1), capecitabine (625 mg/m2 2 times a day orally on days of radiation therapy), paclitaxel (45 mg/m2 i.v. on days 3, 10 , 17, 24, 31) during 2013-2019. In the control group patients received a similar course of RT and chemotherapy with mitomycin C (12 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 ), capecitabine (825 mg/m2 2 times a day orally on radiotherapy days). The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary endpoints included complication rate (NCI-CTCAE 4.0), complete clinical response rate at 12 weeks and 26 weeks after completion of CRT, and 3-year overall survival (OS).

RESULTS: The study and control groups included 72 patients each. The median follow-up was 39.5 months. A complete clinical response at the 26-week follow-up was recorded in 64 (88.9%) patients in the study group and in 54 (75%) patients in the control group (p=0.049). There were no differences in the incidence of complications of grades 3-4 in the two groups (39/72 [54.2%] in the study group versus 35/72 [48.6%] in the control group (p=0.617)). Three-year progression-free survival in the study group was 87.1%, in the control group - 64.4% (p=0.001). Three-year overall survival in the study group was 95.5%, in the control group - 80.0% (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: CRT with paclitaxel for squamous cell anal carcinoma has acceptable toxicity and may improve long-term treatment outcomes.
Development and application of artificial intelligence to detect metastases in lymph nodes in colorectal cancer
Authors: Maynovskaya O. A. , Achkasov S. I. , Devyatkin A. V. , Serykh E. V. , Rybakov V. V. , Makambaev T. Kh. , Suslova D. I. , Ryakhovskaya M. A.
Published: November 2022

AIM: to create a marked data set (histoscans of lymph nodes) for use in the development of medical decision support systems (based on machine learning) in pathomorphology, which will allow determining the presence of metastatic lymph node lesions in CRC.

RESULTS: the dataset included 432 files with digital images and markings of 1000 lymph nodes, including lymph nodes with and without metastases. Based on the marked-up data, a neural network model was trained to determine the probability of metastatic lesion for each pixel in the area of interest - the lymph node (Dice 0.863 for the replaced tissue, Dice macro 0.923). In addition, pre- and postprocessing methods were implemented to represent input data in a form acceptable for machine learning and to represent the AI model's response in a form convenient for user perception. Additionally, a neural network model has been developed that predicts the probability of finding artifacts in digital images of lymph nodes with the possibility of forming an artifact probability map (Dice macro0.776; Dice for artifacts 0.552; IoU macro 0.725 and IoU for artifacts 0.451).

CONCLUSION: the developed model is a good basis for the implementation of a full-fledged solution, on the basis of which a system can be developed to assist doctors in finding and evaluating the replacement of tissue structures and determining metastatic lymph node lesions, detecting artifacts and evaluating the quality of digital images.
Surgery for retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph node metastases of colorectal cancer
Authors: Ponomarenko A. A. , Khilkov Yury S. , Arzamastseva A. I. , Panina M. V. , Achkasov S. I. , Rybakov E. G.
Published: November 2022

AIM: to evaluate the effect of surgery for metastases in retroperitoneal and pelvic lymph nodes on overall and disease-free survival.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: the analysis included 30 patients with retroperitoneal lymph node metastases of colorectal cancer. Synchronous metastases to the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, were diagnosed in 21/30 (70%).

RESULTS: the median overall and disease-free survival in patients who underwent lymphodissection was 32 and 13 months, respectively. Recurrence occurred in 14/30 (47%) patients. One-, two-, three-year disease-free survival was 61 ± 11%, 20 ± 11%, 0%; general 95 ± 4%, 74 ± 14%, 37 ± 19%, relatively. The median disease-free survival in the group with isolated retroperitoneal lymph node lesion was 14 (9–29) months and 10 (6–18) months in the group with retroperitoneal lymph node metastases in combination with synchronous liver lesion. One-and three-year disease-free survival was the same in the groups and was 58 ± 15% and 0%, p = 0.2. The univariate analysis did not reveal any factors related to overall and disease-free survival.

CONCLUSION: in a selected group of patients with colorectal cancer, with lesions of retroperitoneal lymph nodes, including resectable metastases to the other organs, surgery can be justified, since it is accompanied by a relatively low rate of complications. However, the small cohort requires further study.

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Interdisciplinary consensus on the use of high-intensity magnetic stimulation in the treatment of pelvic floor muscle dysfunction manifested by anal incontinence
Authors: Fomenko O. Yu. , Morozov S. V. , Shelygin Yu. A. , Nikityuk D. B. , Poryadin G. V. , Martynov M. Yu. , Bashankaev B. N. , Morozov D. A. , Nikitin S. S. , Salmasi Zh. M. , Katunina E. A. , Apolihina I. A. , Kasyan G. R. , Kulikov A. G. , Turova E. A. , Shkoda A. S. , Popov A. A. , Fedorov A. A. , Komancev V. N. , Nikolaev S. G. , Ekusheva E. V. , Groshilin V. S. , Vojtenkov V. B. , Borodulina I. V. , Kienle M. , Vyaz’min A. O. , Romih V. V. , Zaharchenko A. V. , Kanaev S. P. , Shornikov P. V. , Gvozdev M. Yu. , Troshina E. M. , Kopachka M. M. , Sinkin M. V. , Reutova A. A. , Rumiantsev A. S. , Silant’eva E. S. , Pimenova Eu. S. , Kashnikov V. N. , Aleshin D. V. , Belousova S. V. , Nekrasov M. A. , Achkasov S. I.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents interdisciplinary consensus on the use of protocols of high-intensity magnetic stimulation for the treatment of pelvic floor muscles dysfunction with anal incontinence in Russia.

AIM: to highlight the discussion and the decision-making on the basis of an interdisciplinary consensus on the use of a new algorithm of peripheral and transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of pelvic floor muscles dysfunction with the clinic of anal incontinence.

RESULTS: the adoption of this consensus can serve as a basis for further research of this problem and optimize the results of treatment of patients with pelvic floor muscle dysfunction with anal incontinence. The data may be interesting for a wide range of medical specialists: general practitioners, gastroenterologists, coloproctologists, surgeons, neurosurgeons, gynecologists, urologists — anyone who encounter with manifestations of this disorder in a routine practice and chooses diagnostic and treatment options.

CONCLUSION: protocols for the treatment of anal incontinence using high-intensity magnetic stimulation aimed at improving the quality of treatment of patients with anal incontinence are based on the Russian experience of using the methods discussed and the analysis of the results obtained are validated.
Transabdominal ultrasound in the diagnosis and dynamic follow-up of a patient with nonspecific ulcerative colitis (case report)
Authors: Durleshter M. V. , Korochanskaya N. V. , Andreev A. V. , Durleshter V. M.
Published: November 2022

A clinical case demonstrates the potential of transabdominal ultrasound of the large intestine in diagnosis and follow-up in a patient with ulcerative colitis. It is shown that transabdominal ultrasound examination performed in seroscan mode (B-mode) with the use of Doppler color mapping allows to monitor the degree of resolution of inflammation in the mucosa of the large bowel, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative approach.
J-shaped association between serum albumin levels and long-term mortality of cardiovascular disease: Experience in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2014)
Authors: Li Xu , Zhang Yue , He Yi , Li Ke-Xin , Xu Ruo-Nan , Wang Heng , Jiang Ting-Bo , Chen Wei-Xiang , He Yong-Ming
Published: November 2022

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a constellation of heart, brain, and peripheral vascular diseases with common soil hypothesis of etiology, and its subtypes have been well-established in terms of the albumin-mortality association. However, the association between albumin and the mortality of CVD as a whole remains poorly understood, especially the non-linear association. We aimed to investigate the association of albumin levels with long-term mortality of CVD as a whole.

Materials and methods

This study included all CVD patients who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011–2014). CVD was defined as coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, or any combination of these two or three diseases. Serum albumin was tertile partitioned: tertile 1, <4.1; tertile 2, 4.1–4.3; and tertile 3, >4.3 g/dl. COX proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between the serum albumin levels and CVD mortality. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves were used to explore the non-linear relationship.

Results

A total of 1,070 patients with CVD were included in the analysis, of which 156 deaths occurred during a median 34 months of follow-up. On a continuous scale, per 1 g/dl albumin decrease was associated with an adjusted HR (95% CI) of 3.85 (2.38–6.25). On a categorical scale, as compared with tertile 3, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) was 1.42 (0.74–2.71) for the tertile 2, and 2.24 (1.20–4.16) for the tertile 1, respectively, with respect to mortality. RCS curve analysis revealed a J-shaped association between albumin and CVD mortality.

Conclusion

A J-shaped association between low serum albumin levels and increased long-term mortality of CVD has been revealed. This J-shaped association’s implications for CVD prevention and treatment are deserving of being further studied.
Low-dose IL-2 improved clinical symptoms by restoring reduced regulatory T cells in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Jia , Zhang Sheng-Xiao , Chang Jia-Song , Cheng Ting , Jiang Xiao-Jing , Su Qin-Yi , Zhang Jia-Qi , Luo Jing , Li Xiao-Feng
Published: November 2022

Background

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been found to play crucial roles in immune tolerance. However, the status of Tregs in refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is still unclear. Moreover, low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) has been reported to selectively promote the expansion of Tregs. This study investigated the status of CD4+ Tregs and low-dose IL-2 therapy in patients with refractory RA.

Methods

The absolute number of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg (CD4 Treg), CD4+IL17+ T (Th17), and other subsets in peripheral blood (PB) from 41 patients with refractory RA and 40 healthy donors was characterized by flow cytometry combined with an internal microsphere counting standard. Twenty-six patients with refractory RA were treated with daily subcutaneous injections of 0.5 million IU of human IL-2 for five consecutive days. Then, its effects on CD4 Treg and Th17 cells in PB were analyzed.

Results

A decrease in the absolute number of PB CD4 Tregs rather than the increase in the number of Th17 was found to contribute to an imbalance between Th17 and CD4 Tregs in these patients, suggesting an essential role of CD4 Tregs in sustained high disease activity. Low-dose IL-2 selectively increased the number of CD4 Tregs and rebalanced the ratio of Th17 and CD4 Tregs, leading to increased clinical symptom remission without the observed side effects.

Conclusions

An absolute decrease of PB CD4 Tregs in patients with refractory RA was associated with continuing disease activation but not the increase of Th17 cells. Low-dose IL-2, a potential therapeutic candidate, restored decreased CD4 Tregs and promoted the rapid remission of patients with refractory RA without overtreatment and the observed side effects.

Clinical trial registration

http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=13909, identifier ChiCTR-INR-16009546.
Brain organoids for addressing COVID-19 challenge
Authors: Yu Jin , Wang Kailun , Zheng Dalin
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 is a systemic disease involving multiple organs, and clinically, patients have symptoms of neurological damage to varying degrees. However, we do not have a clear understanding of the relationship between neurological manifestations and viral infection due to the limitations of current in vitro study models. Brain organoids, formed by the differentiation of stem cells under 3D culture conditions, can mimic the structure of tiny cell clusters with neurodevelopmental features in different patients. The paper reviewed the history of brain organoids development, the study of the mechanism of viral infection, the inflammatory response associated with neurological damage, the detection of antiviral drugs, and combined microarray technology to affirm the status of the brain organoid models in the study of COVID-19. In addition, our study continuously improved the model in combination with emerging technologies, to lay a theoretical foundation for clinical application and academic research.
Carrot-based fermentation juice rich in sleep-promoting components improved sleep in mice
Authors: Liu Daiyao , Zhang Jianming , Chen Juan , Zhang Chengcheng , Yi Huaxi , Liu Daqun
Published: November 2022

The impact of fermentation by Levilactobacillus brevis YSJ3 on sleep-promoting components (SPCs) of carrot juice was evaluated. The contents of acetic acid, isovaleric acid, butyric acid, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) significantly increased after fermentation. The beneficial effects of fermented carrot juice (FCJ) on sleep were evaluated in animal experiments. Behavioral test reveal SPCs-enriched FCJ could effectively relieve anxiety. The sleep duration in the FCJ group were extended compared to the control (NC) group and the unfermented carrot juice (UCJ) group. Moreover, the relative abundances of Ruminiclostridium and Akkermansia in the FCJ group and PC group, respectively, increased significantly, compared to the NC group the UCJ group. The contents of gut short-chain fatty acids in the FCJ group were significantly higher than that in the NC group and the UCJ group. The levels of GABA and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain for the FCJ group also increased significantly, compared to the NC group and the UCJ group. It indicated that SPCs-enriched FCJ effectively improved sleep in mice, which might be related to the fermentation of carrot juice and the compounds produced during the fermentation.
Knowledge and perceptions of food sustainability in a Spanish university population
Authors: Gaspar M. Clara de Moraes Prata , Celorio-Sardà Ricard , Comas-Basté Oriol , Latorre-Moratalla M. Luz , Aguilera Mari , Llorente-Cabrera Gustavo A. , Puig-Llobet Montserrat , Vidal-Carou M. Carmen
Published: November 2022

In 2015, the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, with 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at its core. Besides tackling climate change and the fight to reduce inequality, the SDG number 12 is specifically focused to develop strategies toward food sustainability. The aim of this study, aligned with SDG number 12, was to analyze the level of knowledge and perceptions of food sustainability in a university community from Spain. A descriptive cross-sectional study, based on an online questionnaire, was carried out between July and November 2021 with convenience sampling. The survey included 28 items and was distributed among students, teachers, researchers and administrative staff from a Spanish university. A total of 1,220 participants completed the survey. 70.4% of the respondents heard about the environmental impact of food and more than 50% were aware of the existence of the SDGs. The different aspects related to diet that concerned them the most were food waste, plastic usage, and environmental impact. They reported that a sustainable diet should be mainly based on local and seasonal products and with a low environmental impact as well as no or the minimum food waste. When asked if they were following a sustainable diet, 77% answered affirmatively. Moreover, the food groups more involved in a sustainable diet should be vegetables and fruits, olive oil, legumes, and whole grains. Regarding food waste, 60% of the surveyed population claimed to generate it at home, with the use of leftovers and planning shopping and meals being some of the most important domestic actions to avoid it. Further initiatives must be implemented to increase the level of knowledge as well as to raise the awareness on the importance to translate it into individual and collective actions that allow a shift toward more sustainable practices.
Development of clinical pathways to improve multidisciplinary care of high-risk pediatric oncology patients
Authors: Reschke Agnes , Richards Rebecca M. , Smith Stephanie M. , Long Adrienne H. , Marks Lianna J. , Schultz Liora , Kamens Jennifer L. , Aftandilian Catherine , Davis Kara L. , Gruber Tanja , Sakamoto Kathleen M.
Published: November 2022

Clinical pathways are evidence-based tools that have been integrated into many aspects of pediatric hospital medicine and have proven effective at reducing in-hospital complications from a variety of diseases. Adaptation of similar tools for specific, high-risk patient populations in pediatric oncology has been slower, in part due to patient complexities and variations in management strategies. There are few published studies of clinical pathways for pediatric oncology patients. Pediatric patients with a new diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma often present with one or more “oncologic emergencies” that require urgent intervention and deliberate multidisciplinary care to prevent significant consequences. Here, we present two clinical pathways that have recently been developed using a multidisciplinary approach at a single institution, intended for the care of patients who present with hyperleukocytosis or an anterior mediastinal mass. These clinical care pathways have provided a critical framework for the immediate care of these patients who are often admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for initial management. The goal of the pathways is to facilitate multidisciplinary collaborations, expedite diagnosis, and streamline timely treatment initiation. Standardizing the care of high-risk pediatric oncology patients will ultimately decrease morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases to increase the potential for excellent outcomes.