bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the fluxes of carbon loss from an undrained tropical peatland ecosystem in Indonesia
Authors: Asyhari Adibtya , Gangga Adi , Putra Chandra Agung Septiadi , Ritonga Rasis Putra , Candra Randi Ade , Anshari Gusti Z. , Bowen Jennifer C. , Perryman Clarice R. , Novita Nisa
Published: May 2024

Conservation of undrained tropical peatland ecosystems is critical for climate change mitigation as they store a tremendous amount of soil carbon that is preserved under anoxic water-logged conditions. Unfortunately, there are too few measurements of carbon fluxes from these ecosystems to estimate the climate change mitigation potential from such conservation efforts. Here, we measured carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes as well as fluvial organic carbon export over the peat swamp forest within an undrained tropical peatland landscape in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Our measurements throughout one year (Oct 2022–Sep 2023) showed that despite its water-logged condition, peat and water overlying the swamp forest on average emits 11.02 ± 0.49 MgCO2ha−1 yr−1of CO2and 0.58 ± 0.04 MgCO2e ha−1 yr−1of CH4. Further, the fluvial organic carbon export contributes to additional carbon loss of 1.68 ± 0.06 MgCO2e ha−1 yr−1. Our results help improve the accuracy of carbon accounting from undrained tropical peatlands, where we estimated a total carbon loss of 13.28 ± 0.50 MgCO2e ha−1 yr−1. Nevertheless, the total carbon loss reported from our sites is about half than what is reported from the drained peatland landscapes in the region and resulted in a larger onsite carbon sink potential estimate compared to other undrained peat swamp forests. Together, these findings indicate that conserving the remaining undrained peatland ecosystems in Indonesia from drainage and degradation is a promising natural climate solution strategy that avoids significant carbon emissions.
A novel hybrid model for species distribution prediction using neural networks and Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm
Authors: Zhang Hao-Tian , Yang Ting-Ting , Wang Wen-Ting
Published: May 2024

Neural networks are frequently employed to model species distribution through backpropagation methods, known as backpropagation neural networks (BPNN). However, the complex structure of BPNN introduces parameter settings challenges, such as the determination of connection weights, which can affect the accuracy of model simulation. In this paper, we integrated the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm, renowned for its excellent global search capacity and rapid convergence, to enhance the performance of BPNN. Then we obtained a novel hybrid algorithm, the Grey Wolf Optimizer algorithm optimized backpropagation neural networks algorithm (GNNA), designed for predicting species’ potential distribution. We also compared the GNNA with four prevalent species distribution models (SDMs), namely the generalized boosting model (GBM), generalized linear model (GLM), maximum entropy (MaxEnt), and random forest (RF). These models were evaluated using three evaluation metrics: the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, Cohen’s kappa, and the true skill statistic, across 23 varied species. Additionally, we examined the predictive accuracy concerning spatial distribution. The results showed that the predictive performance of GNNA was significantly improved compared to BPNN, was significantly better than that of GLM and GBM, and was even comparable to that of MaxEnt and RF in predicting species distributions with small sample sizes. Furthermore, the GNNA demonstrates exceptional powers in forecasting the potential non-native distribution of invasive plant species.
Association between serum Klotho levels and hypothyroidism in older adults: NHANES 2007–2012
Authors: Wang Yan , Hu Ben , Yang Suyun
Published: May 2024

Whether Klotho plays any role in hypothyroidism is unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum Klotho levels and hypothyroidism in older adults. From the 2007 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1444 older adults aged 65–79 were included in this cross-sectional study. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed using participants' reports of current medications and TSH tests. Klotho was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between serum Klotho levels and hypothyroidism in older people was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, multiple linear regression models, subgroup analyses, interaction tests, smoothed curve fitting, and threshold effects. A total of 209 (14.47%) participants were identified as having hypothyroidism. Serum Klotho (ln transformation) is independently and significantly negatively associated with the risk of hypothyroidism after complete adjustment for confounders (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.31–0.80; P = 0.0039). The results remained stable based on subgroup analyses and interaction tests. However, we observed an inverted U-shaped curve between the two using a smoothed curve fitting in the subgroups of 70 < age ≤ 75 years and females, with inflection points of 6.26 and 6.17, respectively. The results of our study indicate that serum Klotho levels negatively correlate with hypothyroidism among older adults.
Pathogen-epithelium interactions and inflammatory responses in Salmonella Dublin infections using ileal monolayer models derived from adult bovine organoids
Authors: Kawasaki Minae , McConnel Craig S. , Burbick Claire R. , Ambrosini Yoko M.
Published: May 2024

Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin) is an important enteric pathogen affecting cattle and poses increasing public health risks. Understanding the pathophysiology and host–pathogen interactions of S. Dublin infection are critical for developing effective control strategies, yet studies are hindered by the lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models. This study aimed to generate a robust ileal monolayer derived from adult bovine organoids, validate its feasibility as an in vitro infection model with S. Dublin, and evaluate the epithelial response to infection. A stable, confluent monolayer with a functional epithelial barrier was established under optimized culture conditions. The model’s applicability for studying S. Dublin infection was confirmed by documenting intracellular bacterial invasion and replication, impacts on epithelial integrity, and a specific inflammatory response, providing insights into the pathogen-epithelium interactions. The study underscores the utility of organoid-derived monolayers in advancing our understanding of enteric infections in livestock and highlights implications for therapeutic strategy development and preventive measures, with potential applications extending to both veterinary and human medicine. The established bovine ileal monolayer offers a novel and physiologically relevant in vitro platform for investigating enteric pathogen-host interactions, particularly for pathogens like S. Dublin.
Study of the anti-cancer activity of a mesoporous silica nanoparticle surface coated with polydopamine loaded with umbelliprenin
Authors: Edalatian Tavakoli Sedigheh , Motavalizadehkakhky Alireza , Homayouni Tabrizi Masoud , Mehrzad Jamshid , Zhiani Rahele
Published: May 2024

A mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) coated with polydopamine (PDA) and loaded with umbelliprenin (UMB) was prepared and evaluated for its anti-cancer properties in this study. Then UMB-MSN-PDA was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FTIR methods. UV-visible spectrometry was employed to study the percentage of encapsulation efficiency (EE%). UMB-MSN-PDA mediated cell cytotoxicity and their ability to induce programmed cell death were evaluated by MTT, real-time qPCR, flow cytometry, and AO/PI double staining methods. The size of UMB-MSN-PDA was 196.7 with a size distribution of 0.21 and a surface charge of −41.07 mV. The EE% was 91.92%. FESEM and TEM showed the spherical morphology of the UMB-MSN-PDA. FTIR also indicated the successful interaction of the UMB and MSN and PDA coating. The release study showed an initial 20% release during the first 24 h of the study and less than 40% during 168 h. The lower cytotoxicity of the UMB-MSN-PDA against HFF normal cells compared to MCF-7 carcinoma cells suggested the safety of formulation on normal cells and tissues. The induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells was indicated by the upregulation of P53, caspase 8, and caspase 9 genes, enhanced Sub-G1 phase cells, and the AO/PI fluorescent staining. As a result of these studies, it may be feasible to conduct preclinical studies shortly to evaluate the formulation for its potential use in cancer treatment.
Superiority of high sensitivity cardiac troponin I over NT-proBNP and adiponectin for 7-year mortality in stable patients receiving haemodialysis
Authors: Iwamura Nanami , Kidoguchi Shuhei , Asahi Nanae , Takeda Izumi , Matsuta Kohei , Miyagi Kyoko , Iwano Masayuki , Miyazaki Ryoichi , Kimura Hideki
Published: May 2024

Patients on haemodialysis (HD) have high mortality risk, and prognostic values of the major cardiovascular biomarkers cardiac troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and adiponectin should be ascertained over longer follow-up periods using higher-sensitivity assays, which we undertook. In 221 HD patients, levels of high-sensitivity (hs)-cTnI, NT-proBNP, and adiponectin, were measured using high-sensitivity assays, and their associations with all-cause mortality (ACM) and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) were prospectively investigated for 7 years. Higher hs-cTnI and NT-proBNP levels were significant risk factors for ACM and CVM in the Kaplan–Meier analysis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analyses in a model including hs-cTnI and NT-proBNP identified log hs-cTnI, but not log NT-proBNP, as an independent risk factor for ACM (HR 2.12, P < 0.02) and CVM (HR 4.48, P < 0.0005). Stepwise analyses identified a high hs-cTnI tertile as a risk factor for ACM (HR 2.31, P < 0.01) and CVM (HR 6.70, P < 0.001). The addition of hs-cTnI to a model including age, CRP, DM, and NT-proBNP significantly improved the discrimination of ACM and CVM each over 7 years. Conclusively, hs-cTnI was superior to NT-proBNP and adiponectin in predicting ACM and CVM over 7 years in HD patients, suggesting the significance of baseline hs-cTnI measurements in long-term management.
Design optimization of groundwater circulation well based on numerical simulation and machine learning
Authors: Fang Zhang , Ke Hao , Ma Yanling , Zhao Siyuan , Zhou Rui , Ma Zhe , Liu Zhiguo
Published: May 2024

The optimal design of groundwater circulation wells (GCWs) is challenging. The key to purifying groundwater using this technique is its proficiency and productivity. However, traditional numerical simulation methods are limited by long modeling times, random optimization schemes, and optimization results that are not comprehensive. To address these issues, this study introduced an innovative approach for the optimal design of a GCW using machine learning methods. The FloPy package was used to create and implement the MODFLOW and MODPATH models. Subsequently, the formulated models were employed to calculate the characteristic indicators of the effectiveness of the GCW operation, including the radius of influence (R) and the ratio of particle recovery (Pr). A detailed collection of 3000 datasets, including measures of operational efficiency and key elements in machine learning, was meticulously compiled into documents through model execution. The optimization models were trained and evaluated using multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural networks (ANN), and support vector machines (SVM). The models produced by the three approaches exhibited notable correlations between anticipated outcomes and datasets. For the optimal design of circulating well parameters, machine learning methods not only improve the optimization speed, but also expand the scope of parameter optimization. Consequently, these models were applied to optimize the configuration of the GCW at a site in Xi’an. The optimal scheme for R (Q = 293.17 m3/d, a = 6.09 m, L = 7.28 m) and optimal scheme for Pr (Q = 300 m3/d, a = 3.64 m, L = 1 m) were obtained. The combination of numerical simulations and machine learning is an effective tool for optimizing and predicting the GCW remediation effect.
A machine learning approach to classifying New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart failure
Authors: Jandy Krystian , Weichbroth Pawel
Published: May 2024

According to the European Society of Cardiology, globally the number of patients with heart failure nearly doubled from 33.5 million in 1990 to 64.3 million in 2017, and is further projected to increase dramatically in this decade, still remaining a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. One of the most frequently applied heart failure classification systems that physicians use is the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification. Each NYHA class describes a patient’s symptoms while performing physical activities, delivering a strong indicator of the heart performance. In each case, a NYHA class is individually determined routinely based on the subjective assessment of the treating physician. However, such diagnosis can suffer from bias, eventually affecting a valid assessment. To tackle this issue, we take advantage of the machine learning approach to develop a decision-tree, along with a set of decision rules, which can serve as additional blinded investigator tool to make unbiased assessment. On a dataset containing 434 observations, the supervised learning approach was initially employed to train a Decision Tree model. In the subsequent phase, ensemble learning techniques were utilized to develop both the Voting Classifier and the Random Forest model. The performance of all models was assessed using 10-fold cross-validation with stratification.The Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Voting Classifier models reported accuracies of 76.28%, 96.77%, and 99.54% respectively. The Voting Classifier led in classifying NYHA I and III with 98.7% and 100% accuracy. Both Random Forest and Voting Classifier flawlessly classified NYHA II at 100%. However, for NYHA IV, Random Forest achieved a perfect score, while the Voting Classifier reported 90%. The Decision Tree showed the least effectiveness among all the models tested. In our opinion, the results seem satisfactory in terms of their supporting role in clinical practice. In particular, the use of a machine learning tool could reduce or even eliminate the bias in the physician’s assessment. In addition, future research should consider testing other variables in different datasets to gain a better understanding of the significant factors affecting heart failure.
Focal adhesions are controlled by microtubules through local contractility regulation
Authors: Aureille Julien , Prabhu Srinivas S , Barnett Sam F , Farrugia Aaron J , Arnal Isabelle , Lafanechère Laurence , Low Boon Chuan , Kanchanawong Pakorn , Mogilner Alex , Bershadsky Alexander D
Published: May 2024

Microtubules regulate cell polarity and migration via local activation of focal adhesion turnover, but the mechanism of this process is insufficiently understood. Molecular complexes containing KANK family proteins connect microtubules with talin, the major component of focal adhesions. Here, local optogenetic activation of KANK1-mediated microtubule/talin linkage promoted microtubule targeting to an individual focal adhesion and subsequent withdrawal, resulting in focal adhesion centripetal sliding and rapid disassembly. This sliding is preceded by a local increase of traction force due to accumulation of myosin-II and actin in the proximity of the focal adhesion. Knockdown of the Rho activator GEF-H1 prevented development of traction force and abolished sliding and disassembly of focal adhesions upon KANK1 activation. Other players participating in microtubule-driven, KANK-dependent focal adhesion disassembly include kinases ROCK, PAK, and FAK, as well as microtubules/focal adhesion-associated proteins kinesin-1, APC, and αTAT. Based on these data, we develop a mathematical model for a microtubule-driven focal adhesion disruption involving local GEF-H1/RhoA/ROCK-dependent activation of contractility, which is consistent with experimental data.
The enhanced bandgap and birefringence of rare-earth phosphates XPO4 (X = Sc, Y, La, and Lu): a first-principles investigation
Authors: Tuerhong Nuerbiye , Chen Hongheng , Hu Mei , Cui Xiuhua , Duan Haiming , Jing Qun , Chen Zhaohui
Published: May 2024

This study investigates XPO4 (X = Sc, Y, La, Lu) using density functional theory (DFT), and the results indicate that the introduction of rare earth elements can enhance the weaker optical properties of phosphates.
Influence of strong π-acceptor ligands on Cr-K-edge X-ray absorption spectral signatures and consequences for the interpretation of surface sites in the Phillips catalyst
Authors: Kakiuchi Yuya , Shapovalova Svetlana , Protsenko Bogdan , Guda Sergey , Safonova Olga V. , Guda Alexander , Copéret Christophe
Published: May 2024

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has been central to the study of the Phillips polymerization catalyst (CrO3/SiO2).
Exploring the chemical dynamics of phenanthrene (C14H10) formation via the bimolecular gas-phase reaction of the phenylethynyl radical (C6H5CC) with benzene (C6H6)
Authors: Goettl Shane J. , Yang Zhenghai , He Chao , Somani Ankit , Portela-Gonzalez Adrian , Sander Wolfram , Mebel Alexander M. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: May 2024

The phenylethynyl radical reaction with benzene leads to the barrierless, gas-phase synthesis of phenanthrene under single collision conditions as a new pathway toward the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in deep space.
Bimolecular collision outcomes on multidimensional potential energy surfaces: infrared spectroscopy and activation of NO–alkane collision complexes
Authors: Davis John P. , Burroughs P. Garrett , Wilkinson W. Churchill , Majumdar Ellora , Kidwell Nathanael M.
Published: May 2024

Infrared spectroscopy and infrared-driven dynamics are analyzed for the prototypical, open-shell collision complex, NO–C2H6, generated along the bimolecular collision pathway between NO and C2H6.
Evaluation of a ZnO–NiO/rGO hybrid electrocatalyst for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) applications
Authors: Nagarani S. , Chang Jih-Hsing , Yuvaraj M. , Mohanraj Kumar  , Dipsikha Ganguly  , Balachandran S.
Published: May 2024

ZnO–NiO nanorods combined with an rGO sheet tested as an electrocatalyst for the ORR.
Sensitive fluorescence assay of chloramphenicol coupled with two-level isothermal amplification using a self-powered catalyzed hairpin assembly and entropy-driven circuit
Authors: Xiong Zhengwei , Wang Cun , Liu Cheng , Jiang Yue , Li Yiping , Yun Wen
Published: May 2024

A sensitive fluorescence assay of chloramphenicol was developed coupled with two-level isothermal amplification using a self-powered catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) and entropy-driven circuit (EDC).
Programmably engineered stochastic RNA nanowalker for ultrasensitive miRNA detection
Authors: Zhu Dan , Zhao Dongxia , Hu Yang , Wei Tianhui , Su Tong , Su Shao , Chao Jie , Wang Lianhui
Published: May 2024

A programmably engineered stochastic RNA nanowalker powered by duplex-specific nuclease (DSN) is developed.
Ultrafast fragmentation of highly-excited doubly-ionized deoxyribose: role of the liquid water environment
Authors: Hervé du Penhoat Marie-Anne , Souchaud Alexandre , Rajpal Aashini , Vuilleumier Rodolphe , Gaigeot Marie-Pierre , Tavernelli Ivano , Fujii Kentaro , Yokoya Akinari , Díaz-Tendero Sergio , Politis Marie-Françoise
Published: May 2024

Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the fragmentation dynamics following the double ionization of 2-deoxy-d-ribose (DR), a major component in the DNA chain.
Linear spectral unmixing analysis in single-molecule FRET spectroscopy for fluorophores with large spectral overlap
Authors: Bae Sohyeon , Sung Keewon , Kim Seong Keun
Published: May 2024

An algorithmic method of spectral unmixing was devised to extract FRET values of spectrally overlapping dye pairs for single-molecule spectroscopy.
Organic NMR crystallography: enabling progress for applications to pharmaceuticals and plant cell walls
Authors: Rehman Zainab , Lubay Jairah , Franks W. Trent , Bartók Albert P. , Corlett Emily K. , Nguyen Bao , Scrivens Garry , Samas Brian M. , Frericks-Schmidt Heather , Brown Steven P.
Published: May 2024

The application of NMR crystallography to organic molecules is exemplified by case studies for a pharmaceutical salt and cellulose polymorphs.
Bifidobacterium longum S3 alleviates loperamide-induced constipation by modulating intestinal acetic acid and stearic acid levels in mice
Authors: Zhang Tong , Lu Huimin , Cheng Ting , Wang Linlin , Wang Gang , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei
Published: May 2024

Bifidobacterium longum S3 influenced the intestinal barrier and immunity, water channel protein expression, and neurotransmitter and GI active peptide levels by affecting the intestinal barrier and immunity and modulating changes in the levels of fatty acid metabolites, especially LCFAs.
A pacs-type metal–organic framework with high adsorption capacity for inverse C2H6/C2H4 separation
Authors: Zhang Kuo , Pang Jing-Jing , Lian Xin , Song Zi-Han , Yuan Yue-Chao , Huang Hongliang , Yao Zhao-Quan , Xu Jian
Published: May 2024

A pacs-type MOF shows a decent inverse adsorption of C2H6 over C2H4 for one-step C2H4 purification by addressing the trade-off between adsorption selectivity and capacity.
A superior compatible non-flammable electrolyte to hard carbon anodes for robust sodium ion batteries
Authors: Huang Xue-chun , Chen Xiao-juan , Meng Yan , Wang Rui-xiang , Tan Guang-qun , Xiao Dan
Published: May 2024

A highly compatible non-flammable electrolyte for hard carbon is developed with a robust anion-derived SEI and dramatically decreased desodiation barriers (RSEI).
Correction: Halogen-bonded charge-transfer co-crystal scintillators for high-resolution X-ray imaging
Authors: Chen Yu-Hua , Zhang Guo-Zhen , Chen Fu-Hai , Zhang Shu-Quan , Fang Xin , Chen Hong-Ming , Lin Mei-Jin
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Halogen-bonded charge-transfer co-crystal scintillators for high-resolution X-ray imaging’ by Yu-Hua Chen et al., Chem. Sci., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sc00735b.
Transition of iPB-1 with low molecular weight crystallized from solutions
Authors: Huo Jiaxin , Li Jingqing , Jiang Shichun
Published: May 2024

The dimension or entanglement of polymer chains is crucial to chain dynamics, and the polymer chains can be diluted and disentangled in a solution by reducing the interaction with each other.
Useful synthetic artifacts? The impact of ubiquitous linker-adjacent groups on the self-assembly of discotic dimers
Authors: Zellmann-Parrotta Carson O. , Williams Vance E.
Published: May 2024

Although discotic dimers commonly feature bulky ether substituents adjacent to the linking group, the impact of these chains on self-assembly remains unclear.
New Hyperacusis Therapy Combines Psychoeducation, Sound Exposure, and Counseling
Authors: Thieren Sandrien , van Dommelen Paula , Benard Michel R.
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term effects of a new cognitive sound exposure therapy (CSET) in patients with hyperacusis.

Method:

A new therapy was developed to reduce hyperacusis using sound exposure combined with breathing and relaxation strategies from both acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. Patients who were referred to the Speech and Hearing Centers located in Hengelo and Zwolle in the Netherlands and aged ≥ 18 years with hyperacusis as main complaint and no or mild hearing loss were included in this study. Patients were seen for CSET between June 2020 and August 2022. The sessions took place biweekly. Sessions ended when exposure reached a level with a maximum of 70–80 dB SPL. Short-term effects between the start and the end of therapy were based on tolerable level of sound exposure (dB SPL), subjective-level hinderance of hyperacusis, and sensitivity to sound using the Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ). The long-term effect was based on HQ 6 months after the end of therapy. Linear mixed-effects and regression models were applied to study outcomes over time.

Results:

In total, 30 patients, 15 men and 15 women, aged between 24 and 76 years were included in this study. The mean number of sessions during therapy was 6 and ranged between 4 and 8. Results showed an increase of exposure level (mean change was +23.7 dB with an
SD
of 7.9,
p
< .001), a decrease in sensitivity to daily sounds (mean [
SD
] change was −1.6 [2.1],
p
< .001), and a decrease in HQ (mean [
SD
] change was −9.8 [4.9],
p
< .001), between the start and the end of therapy. There was no significant change in HQ after the end of therapy and 6 months later; mean (
SD
) change was 0.2 (4.3),
p
= .81.

Conclusions:

The evaluation of CSET indicated a decrease in short- and long-term sensitivity to sound in patients with hyperacusis. Additionally, CSET has shown a positive impact, not only for the sounds used in the therapy sessions but also in transferring benefits to everyday sounds. The results of combining psychoeducation, sound exposure, and counseling are promising and warrant further evaluation.
Circulating Blood Biomarkers and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Roy Danielle Carole , Wang Tzu-Fei , Lun Ronda , Zahrai Amin , Mallick Ranjeeta , Burger Dylan , Zitikyte Gabriele , Hawken Steven , Wells Philip
Published: May 2024

Background Cancer patients have an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Currently, the availability of highly discriminatory prediction models for VTE in cancer patients is limited. The implementation of biomarkers in prediction models might lead to refined VTE risk prediction. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate candidate biomarkers and their association with cancer-associated VTE.

Methods We searched Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central for studies that evaluated biomarkers in adult cancer patients from inception to September 2022. We included studies reporting on VTE after a cancer diagnosis with biomarker measurements performed at a defined time point. Median/mean differences (for continuous measures) and odds ratios (for dichotomous measures) with 95% confidence intervals were estimated and pooled using random-effects models.

Results We included 113 studies in the systematic review. Of these, 50 studies were included in the meta-analysis. We identified two biomarkers at cancer diagnosis (factor VIII and time to peak thrombin), three biomarkers pre-chemotherapy (D-dimer, fibrinogen, and mean platelet volume), and one biomarker preoperatively (platelet count) that had significant median or mean differences. Additionally, we found that hemoglobin <100 g/L and white blood count >11 × 109/L were significantly associated with future VTE risk only when measured at cancer diagnosis. Pre-chemotherapy neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥3 and preoperative platelet count ≥400 × 109/L were also found to be associated with future VTE risk.

Conclusion In conclusion, this study identified nine candidate blood biomarkers that may help in optimizing VTE prediction in cancer patients that should be further explored in future studies.
Patellar Instability: Imaging Findings
Authors: De Leeuw Anthony , Abidi Souhir , Scarciolla Laura , Petersbourg Dunkan , Putman Sophie , Cotten Anne
Published: May 2024

Patellofemoral instability results from impaired engagement of the patella in the trochlear groove at the start of flexion and may lead to pain and lateral patellar dislocation. It occurs most frequently in adolescents and young adults during sporting activities. Trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, and excessive lateralization of the tibial tuberosity are the most common risk factors for patellar instability. The main role of imaging is to depict and assess these anatomical factors and highlight features indicating previous lateral dislocation of the patella.
The onset of instability and bifurcations in the transitional wake of two tandem square cylinders
Authors: Dong Kai , Sau Amalendu
Published: May 2024

Unsteady three-dimensional simulations are performed to elucidate the hidden transitional flow dynamics and Hopf bifurcations along the topological corelines of the created von Kármán streets behind a pair of square cylinders positioned in tandem. Our simulations provide significant new insight into the three-dimensional wake evolution and governing flow physics. We explain how pressure, velocity, and vorticity fluctuation along the Kármán vortex corelines in the increasingly unstable wake amplify, facilitating the growth of various modal instability patterns. The existing knowledge of wake transition through the intertwining of modes A, B, and C instabilities and associated linear stability analysis helped to gain some insight into the overall wake feature. The current study explains how exactly the transitional disturbances physically spread behind a pair of inline and tandem cylinders through the self-excited spanwise-periodic oscillation of the wake and created a sequence of variable length scaled Hopf bifurcations and their swapping for varied gaps between the cylinders and Reynolds number. The growth of a slow mode of the spectral frequency at the bifurcation points seemed crucial in initiating the near-transitional flow irregularity.
Role of grain interface on dielectric and multiferroic properties of 0-3 type (x)CoFe2O4–(1−x)Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 nanocomposites
Authors: Shukla Anant , Mallick Jyotirekha , Datta Subhadeep , Dev Amar , Das Tupan , Kar Manoranjan
Published: May 2024

The (x)CoFe2O4–(1−x)Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 (0-3 type particulate) nanocomposites with x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 1.00 were prepared by the solid-state method. Cobalt ferrite crystallized into cubic crystal symmetry with an Fd3̄m space group. Strontium-substituted barium titanate crystallized into a tetragonal crystal structure with a P4mm space group. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques show the distribution of different sizes of particle. Polarization vs electric field curves show the highest maximum polarization (Pm) of 10.26 μC/cm2, remnant magnetization (Pr) of 11.70 μC/cm2, and coercivity (Ec) of 19.95 kV/cm for x = 0.04 composition at 35 kV/cm. However, it is smaller than the Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 phase (Pm = 16.86 μC/cm2, Pr = 13.20 μC/cm2, and EC = 10.80 kV/cm). The highest dielectric constant of around 9800 was found for x = 0.04 composition, with a very small dielectric loss factor of about 0.02, i.e., less than even 2%. This is ∼10 times compared to that of Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 (BSTO), which has been explained by considering interaction at the interface of CoFe2O4 (CFO) and BSTO, leakage current, and variation of the lattice parameter of BSTO in (x)CoFe2O4–(1−x)Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3 nanocomposite. The magnetic hysteresis loops show squeezing near the origin. The magnetic parameters like coercivity, remnant magnetization, and saturation magnetization increased with the increase in the CoFe2O4 weight fraction. Magnetic interaction between surfaces of magnetic CFO and non-magnetic BSTO is evident from the ΔH vs M plots, and it also evidences the magnetism at the surface of BSTO due to uncompensated spins.
Effects of void geometry on two-dimensional monolithic porous phononic crystals
Authors: Paul Sharat , Overvelde Johannes T. B. , Hochhalter Jacob , Wang Pai
Published: May 2024

Phononic crystals are renowned for their distinctive wave propagation characteristics, notably bandgaps that offer precise control over vibration phenomena, positioning them as a critical material in advanced vibro-elastic engineering and design. We investigate how pore shapes influence the bandgap in continuum two-dimensional phononic crystals made from a single material. Using the square lattice and unit cells with fourfold symmetry, our numerical analyses reveal that the normalized gap size is highly dependent on the minimum ligament width in the structure. Additionally, we find that fine geometric features represented by higher-order Fourier coefficients decrease the gap size. This study offers insight into the design of phononic crystals and vibro-elastic metamaterials for precise wave control through void patterning.
Statistical analysis of rotary atomization by phase Doppler anemometry
Authors: Rácz Erika , Malý Milan , Cejpek Ondřej , Jedelský Jan , Józsa Viktor
Published: May 2024

Rotary atomization is used in a wide variety of fields, exploiting the external control option of the spray while no high-pressure fluid is needed. Most papers on rotary atomization deal with liquid jet breakup, while external spray characteristics are rarely evaluated; this is performed currently. The water spray was measured by a two-component phase Doppler anemometer. The optical setup requires a special measurement chamber to avoid spray deposition on the optical components. Therefore, the first goal was to find a proper filter that enables the removal of biased droplets by secondary flows. Since most droplets have a similar radial-to-tangential velocity ratio at each measurement point, i.e., scattering around a line, this was the first component of the best filter. The second component was the need for a positive radial velocity component. This filter efficiently removed droplets originating from alternative processes, increasing the R2 of the line fit. The physical soundness of this filter was checked by evaluating the effect of filtering on the angle of the velocity components of each droplet at a given measurement point. The proposed filter efficiently detected recirculation, a secondary effect of the measurement setup with less regular dataset shapes. Finally, the slope and intercept values of the fitted lines were evaluated and presented. The mean of the former followed the same trend irrespective of the rotational speed and the mass flow rate; it was principally dependent on the radial distance from the atomizer. The intercept showed a regular but less universal behavior.
A Perspective on graphene junctions for recognition tunneling
Authors: Can Batuhan S. , Blümel Norman V. V. , van Geest Erik P. , Makurat Max , van Ruitenbeek Jan M. , Schneider Grégory F.
Published: May 2024

Biopolymer sequencing with graphene edge-based tunnel junctions has the potential to overcome current limitations with the third generation of sequencing based on biological nanopores. Detection of nucleotides via (recognition) tunneling with noble metal break junctions shows promising results; however, the bulky nature and a range of physical and chemical instabilities of the electrodes prevent advancing toward long-read sequencing with single base-calling accuracy. Graphene edges as tunnel electrodes may overcome these limitations, with the possibility to reach true single-molecule readout, thanks to their 2D nature. Currently, the development of graphene tunnel sequencers faces challenges in terms of targeted chemical functionalization of the graphene edge to enable recognition tunneling and the eventual integration in a nanopore configuration to realize long-read sequencing of biopolymers. Herein, we discuss the current developments that encourage active research toward graphene edge junctions for single-molecule detection, recognition, and sequencing applications with nucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid as example.
Half bridge configurated magneto-resistive sensors with flux guide structure for enhancing sensitivity
Authors: Lamichhane Suvechhya , Yang Yi , Sokolov Andrei , Yin Xiaolu , Liu Yen-Fu , Liou Sy-Hwang
Published: May 2024

We demonstrate the enhancement in sensitivity of half Wheatstone bridge configurated magneto-resistive sensors with a design of the magnetic flux guide. The efficacy of our flux guide design, in comparison to the conventional micro-magnetic flux concentrator for improving the flux gain, is studied using finite element method and verified with the experimental result. We observed a sensitivity of 260%/mT for our half Wheatstone bridge sensor with a very small coercivity of 0.01 mT at room temperature. Our work will contribute to paving a road map for mass production of sensitive magneto-resistive sensors with small footprints (2.5 mm2 in this study).
First-principles thermodynamic investigation on the α phases in TiO and TiNb binary system
Authors: Zhang Ning , Mottura Alessandro
Published: May 2024

O and Nb are two representative alloying elements of Ti to form high-temperature and corrosion resistance α Ti alloys. The investigation on the thermodynamic characteristics of α Ti–O and Ti–Nb has attracted much attention in recent years. However, in this regard, a satisfied experimental technique or modeling scheme is still yet to be developed due to the appearance of a variety of oxides in Ti–O and the mechanical instability present in Ti–Nb. Herein, we combined first-principles calculations with the cluster expansion method to investigate the ground-state characteristics for α Ti–O and α Ti–Nb systems. The atomic bonding interactions in these two systems were first revealed based on the calculated electronic structures. Afterward, the Debye–Grüneisen model and Monte Carlo simulations were employed together to investigate the thermodynamic properties of α phases in these two systems, and the effect of vibrational entropy on the order–disorder transition temperatures of the phases in α Ti–O system was first examined. A good agreement with experimentally reported phase boundaries is obtained in the Ti–Nb system by handling the mechanical instabilities introduced by the highly distorted structures. In addition, the cluster expansion coefficients for the Ti–O and Ti–Nb system offer a good starting point to investigate the phase equilibrium in Ti–Nb–O ternary alloy. We also believe the insights provided here would be helpful for those who would like to seek an efficient scheme they are confident with to investigate the phase thermodynamic properties of other hcp Ti-based alloys.
Quantitative characterization of occupational sites of implanted P atoms in diamond
Authors: Nakata Jyoji , Seki Yuhei , Hoshino Yasushi
Published: May 2024

The authors implanted P atoms at 50 and 140-keV energies with respective fluences of 1×1014 and 2×1014/cm2 into diamond thin films synthesized by chemical vapor deposition on the type-Ib diamond substrate formed by high-pressure and high-temperature conditions. The occupational sites of implanted P atoms were determined in each processing stage of P implantation, ion-beam-induced epitaxial crystallization (IBIEC) annealing by 3-MeV-Ne2+ ion irradiation at 750°C, and thermal annealing at 850°C in vacuum, by quantitatively comparing the random and channeling yields in Rutherford backscattering (RBS) measurements. In the analysis of RBS spectra, simulated distributions were fitted to the experimentally obtained spectra and we quantitatively identified the occupational sites and ratio of implanted P atoms. In addition, we investigated the diffusion phenomenon of implanted P atoms during annealing processes from the depth profile of scattered He ions. Consequently, the averaged occupational ratio in the substitutional lattice site was stably recorded around 50%. From the depth profile in the RBS spectra, thermal diffusion of implanted P atoms was clearly observed during the last thermal annealing after MeV-IBIEC annealing. We finally discuss the potentials of the MeV-IBIEC irradiation at relatively low temperatures applying to useful and credible annealing methods for electrical activation as well as recovery of damaged crystallinity.
Modeling ocean eddies using exact solutions of the Charney–Obukhov equation
Authors: Kudryavtsev A. G. , Myagkov N. N.
Published: May 2024

New exact solutions of the Charney–Obukhov equation for the ocean are obtained in the form of a partial superposition of elementary solutions with different wave numbers. The boundary conditions for the ocean are satisfied due to the presence of a carrier zonal flow in the solution. The existing arbitrariness in the choice of wave numbers and other solution parameters makes it possible to simulate an arbitrary stream function profile at a fixed ocean depth on an interval of a fixed length using a Fourier series or in a circle of a fixed radius using a Fourier–Bessel series. An example of modeling a Gaussian stream function profile on the ocean surface in the presence of circular symmetry is considered.
Interventions aimed at increasing syphilis screening among non-pregnant individuals in healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moncrieff Leah , O’Reilly Morgan , Hall Leanne , Heal Clare
Published: May 2024

Syphilis remains a pressing public health concern with potential severe morbidity if left untreated. To improve syphilis screening, targeted interventions are crucial, especially in at-risk populations. This systematic review synthesises studies that compare syphilis screening in the presence and absence of an intervention. A systematic search of four databases was conducted (Medline, Embase, Cinahl and Scopus). The primary outcomes evaluated included syphilis screening, re-screening and detection rates. Findings were synthesised narratively. Where multiple studies were clinically heterogenous, a pooled odds ratio was calculated. Twenty-four studies were included. A variety of interventions showed promise including clinician alerts, which increased syphilis screening rate (OR range, 1.25–1.45) and patient SMS reminders that mostly improved re-screening/re-attendance rates (OR range, 0.93–4.4). Coupling syphilis serology with routine HIV monitoring increased the proportion of HIV-positive individuals undergoing both tests. However, pooling three studies with this intervention using the outcome of syphilis detection rate yielded inconclusive results (pooled OR 1.722 [95% CI 0.721–2.723], I2 = 24.8%, P = 0.264). The introduction of hospital-based packaged testing for screening high-risk individuals is unique given hospitals are not typical locations for public health initiatives. Nurse-led clinics and clinician incentives were successful strategies. Including syphilis screening with other existing programs has potential to increase screening rates (OR range, 1.06–2.08), but requires further investigation. Technology-driven interventions produced cost-effective, feasible and positive outcomes. Challenges were evident in achieving guideline-recommended screening frequencies for men who have sex with men, indicating the need for multifaceted approaches. Wider application of these interventions may improve syphilis screening and detection rates.
A sociocultural approach to voting: Construing voting as a duty to others predicts political interest and engagement
Authors: Waldfogel Hannah B. , Dittmann Andrea G. , Birnbaum Hannah J.
Published: May 2024

A representative democracy requires citizens to be politically engaged; however, a substantial portion of eligible United States voters do not vote. While structural (e.g., ease or difficulty of voting) and individual (e.g., political efficacy, civic knowledge) factors contribute to (a lack of) turnout, the present work adopts a sociocultural perspective to investigate an additional contributor: how people construe—or make sense of—the duty to vote. We examine whether, and for whom, construing voting as interdependent (i.e., voting as a duty to others), compared to independent (i.e., voting as a duty to self), is associated with increased perceived duty and political engagement. Archival analysis (n=10,185) documents how perceived duty to vote relates to voter turnout in a nationally representative sample of Americans (Study 1). Two preregistered studies (totaln=1,256) provide evidence that naturalistically construing one’s duty to vote as interdependent (Study 2) and experimentally reflecting on interdependence (Study 3) both predict increases in perceived voting duty. Perceived duty to vote, in turn, is associated with heightened political engagement intentions. Taken together, the present work suggests that how voting is construed—as an independent duty to the self or an interdependent duty to others—may meaningfully influence political engagement, with implications for voter turnout interventions.
Stabilized trimeric peptide immunogens of the complete HIV-1 gp41 N-heptad repeat and their use as HIV-1 vaccine candidates
Authors: Wu Chengwei , Raheem Izzat T. , Nahas Debbie D. , Citron Michael , Kim Peter S. , Montefiori David C. , Ottinger Elizabeth A. , Hepler Robert W. , Hrin Renee , Patel Sangita B. , Soisson Stephen M. , Joyce Joseph G.
Published: May 2024

Efforts to develop an HIV-1 vaccine include those focusing on conserved structural elements as the target of broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. MAb D5 binds to a highly conserved hydrophobic pocket on the gp41 N-heptad repeat (NHR) coiled coil and neutralizes through prevention of viral fusion and entry. Assessment of 17-mer and 36-mer NHR peptides presenting the D5 epitope in rodent immunogenicity studies showed that the longer peptide elicited higher titers of neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that neutralizing epitopes outside of the D5 pocket may exist. Although the magnitude and breadth of neutralization elicited by NHR-targeting antigens are lower than that observed for antibodies directed to other epitopes on the envelope glycoprotein complex, it has been shown that NHR-directed antibodies are potentiated in TZM-bl cells containing the FcγRI receptor. Herein, we report the design and evaluation of covalently stabilized trimeric 51-mer peptides encompassing the complete gp41 NHR. We demonstrate that these peptide trimers function as effective antiviral entry inhibitors and retain the ability to present the D5 epitope. We further demonstrate in rodent and nonhuman primate immunization studies that our 51-mer constructs elicit a broader repertoire of neutralizing antibody and improved cross-clade neutralization of primary HIV-1 isolates relative to 17-mer and 36-mer NHR peptides in A3R5 and FcγR1-enhanced TZM-bl assays. These results demonstrate that sensitive neutralization assays can be used for structural enhancement of moderately potent neutralizing epitopes. Finally, we present expanded trimeric peptide designs which include unique low-molecular-weight scaffolds that provide versatility in our immunogen presentation strategy.
Comparative study on the maximum-pull and tear-off ring method for the measurement of surface tension
Authors: Rui Yunjun , Tao Ran , Zhang Chen , Yang Ying , Zhang Yanan
Published: May 2024

The ring method, due to its basic form, is often used in the classroom for an immediate and intuitive grasp of concept of surface tension. Yet, during the measuring process, the large and small results trouble the students. The large values are obtained from the maximum-pull, and the small from the tear-off moment. In this paper, we demonstrate a series of rings with different thicknesses to investigate these two moments. In the water measurement, by subtracting the weight of the liquid raised by the ring or replacing the ring-diameter with tearing-diameter for the moments of maximum pull and film breaking, respectively, a corrected surface tension is obtained. The same correction is also applied in the determination of ethylene glycol and ethanol, but only the moment of maximum pull is applicable. These experimental results are interesting, and will largely stimulate students to understand the concept of surface tension and the ring method of measurement.