bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propeller-shaped molecules with a thiazole hub: structural landscape and hydrazone cap mediated tunable host behavior in 4-hydrazino-1,3-thiazoles
Authors: Titus Sarah , Sreejalekshmi Kumaran G.
Published: June 2015

Propeller-shaped molecules with 2,4,5-trisubstituted-1,3-thiazole as the hub and tunable blades (B1–B3) were synthesized as trivariant scaffolds.
An economic prediction of the finer resolution level wavelet coefficients in electronic structure calculations
Authors: Nagy Szilvia , Pipek János
Published: June 2015

A highly economic prediction method for fine resolution wavelet coefficients of wave functions and energy expectation values is presented.
Configuration coordinate energy level diagrams of intervalence and metal-to-metal charge transfer states of dopant pairs in solids
Authors: Barandiarán Zoila , Meijerink Andries , Seijo Luis
Published: June 2015

Configuration coordinate diagrams, which are normally used in a qualitative manner for the energy levels of active centers in phosphors, are quantitatively obtained here for intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) states of mixed valence pairs and metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) states of heteronuclear pairs, in solid hosts.
Brownian motion of a nano-colloidal particle: the role of the solvent
Authors: Torres-Carbajal Alexis , Herrera-Velarde Salvador , Castañeda-Priego Ramón
Published: June 2015

Brownian motion of a single nano-colloid is drastically affected by the microscopic details and the thermodynamic state of the solvent.
Rhodium(ii) dimers without metal–metal bonds
Authors: Zhu Di , Sharma Arzoo Z. , Wiebe Christopher R. , Budzelaar Peter H. M.
Published: June 2015

Oxidation of (MeBDI)Rh(cyclooctene) (MeBDI = [2,6-Me2C6H3NCMe]2CH) with Br2 or I2 produces paramagnetic halide-bridged RhII dimers [(MeBDI)Rh]2(μ-X)2 without a direct Rh–Rh bond.
Simultaneous detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals including conjugates in municipal wastewater and sludge with enhanced sample pretreatment and UPLC-MS/MS
Authors: Zhu Bing , Ben Weiwei , Yuan Xiangjuan , Zhang Yu , Yang Min , Qiang Zhimin
Published: June 2015

Free and conjugated endocrine disrupting chemicals were simultaneously detected in wastewater and sludge to explore their behavior and fate in wastewater treatment plants.
Propane biostimulation in biologically activated carbon (BAC) selects for bacterial clades adept at degrading persistent water pollutants
Authors: Mikkelson Kristin M. , Homme Carissa L. , Li Dong , Sharp Jonathan O.
Published: June 2015

Biologically activated carbon column experiments were run with propane-amended and un-amended influents to determine how the microbial community responds to this form of biostimulation and the implications for contaminant attenuation.
Catalytic dehydrogenation of propane by carbon dioxide: a medium-temperature thermochemical process for carbon dioxide utilisation
Authors: Du X. , Yao B. , Gonzalez-Cortes S. , Kuznetsov V. L. , AlMegren Hamid , Xiao T. , Edwards P. P.
Published: June 2015

The dehydrogenation of C3H8 in the presence of CO2 is an attractive catalytic route for C3H6 production. In studying the various possibilities to utilise CO2 to convert hydrocarbons using the sustainable energy source of solar thermal energy, thermodynamic calculations were carried out for the dehydrogenation of C3H8 using CO2for the process operating in the temperature range of 300–500 °C. Importantly, the results highlight the enhanced potential of C3H8 as compared to its lighter and heavier homologues (C2H6 and C4H10, respectively). To be utilised in this CO2 utilisation reaction the Gibbs free energy (ΔrGθm) of each reaction in the modelled, complete reacting system of the dehydrogenation of C3H8 in the presence of CO2 also indicate that further cracking of C3H6 will affect the ultimate yield and selectivity of the final products. In a parallel experimental study, catalytic tests of the dehydrogenation of C3H8 in the presence of CO2 over 5 wt%-Cr2O3/ZrO2 catalysts operating at 500 °C, atmospheric pressure, and for various C3H8 partial pressures and various overall GHSV (Gas Hourly Space Velocity) values. The results showed that an increase in the C3H8 partial pressure produced an inhibition of C3H8 conversion but, importantly, a promising enhancement of C3H6 selectivity. This phenomenon can be attributed to competitive adsorption on the catalyst between the generated C3H6 and inactivated C3H8, which inhibits any further cracking effect on C3H6 to produce by-products. As a comparison, the increase of the overall GHSV can also decrease the C3H8 conversion to a similar extent, but the further cracking of C3H6 cannot be limited.
High activity and durability of novel perovskite electrocatalysts for water oxidation
Authors: Zhou Wei , Zhao Mingwen , Liang Fengli , Smith Sean C. , Zhu Zhonghua
Published: June 2015

Scandium and niobium co-doped strontium cobaltite perovskites are reported as a family of highly active and durable electrocatalysts for the OER in alkaline solution.
Facile deposition and plasmonic resonance of Ag–Au nanoparticles in titania thin film
Authors: Mathpal Mohan Chandra , Kumar Promod , Tripathi Anand Kumar , Balasubramaniyan R. , Singh Manish Kumar , Chung Jin Suk , Agarwal Arvind
Published: June 2015

A systematic diagram of fast and simple fabrication of Ag–Au nanoparticle based plasmonic thin film by spray coating.
Facile synthesis of an electrically conductive polycarbazole–zirconium(iv)phosphate cation exchange nanocomposite and its room temperature ammonia sensing performance
Authors: Baig Umair , Wani Waseem A. , Ting Hun Lee
Published: June 2015

An electrically conductive polycarbazole–zirconium(iv)phosphate nanocomposite based sensor was fabricated for sensing aqueous ammonia at room temperature.
Potassium phosphate–ionic liquid mediated selective mono-Michael addition
Authors: Sawant Anand D. , Jagadale Suryabala D. , Desai Uday V. , Salunkhe Manikrao M.
Published: June 2015

A process for exclusive mono-Michael addition of active methylene compounds to conjugated esters, nitriles and ketones is developed. An ionic liquid-mediated reaction is carried out at room temperature. A reaction carried out at 60 °C resulted in a double-addition. A mechanism is proposed and supported by P31 and DOSY NMR analysis.
Small polyanion recognition of a triazolium cyclodextrin click cluster in water
Authors: Le Hoa Thi , Park Seung Cheol , Kang Chulhun , Lim Choon Woo , Kim Tae Woo
Published: June 2015

In order to detect small polyanions (sPAs), which play important roles in many biological systems, a triazolium cyclodextrin click cluster was synthesized and its sPA binding properties were characterized.
Fluorescent biosensor for sensitive analysis of oxytetracycline based on an indirectly labelled long-chain aptamer
Authors: Yuan Fang , Zhao Huimin , Zhang Zhinan , Gao Lichen , Xu Jintao , Quan Xie
Published: June 2015

A fluorescent assay for oxytetracycline detection is presented based on an indirectly fluorescein-labelled aptamer probe, which was fabricated through hybridization of an oxytetracycline long-chain aptamer with a FAM-labelled short-chain ssDNA.
A new application of oily cold rolling mill sludge for preparing Fe2O3/graphene as anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Cheng , Wang Xinjing , Ma Peng , Chen Jilu , Jiang Jianzhong , Ai Yani , Wang Erqin , Han Sheng , Rong Shaofeng
Published: June 2015

A new application of oily cold rolling mill sludge for preparing Fe2O3/graphene as anodes for lithium-ion batteries.
A facile interfacial assembling strategy for synthesizing yellow TiO2flakes with a narrowed bandgap
Authors: Wang Jingyu , Zhao Yizhi , Xu Xiaochan , Feng Xiaoli , Yu Junxia , Li Tao
Published: June 2015

Using a green interfacial assembling strategy, a dopant-/additive-free TiO2assembly exhibits considerable visible photoactivity due to its narrowed bandgap.
Application and validation of an eco-friendly TLC-densitometric method for simultaneous determination of co-formulated antihypertensive agents
Authors: Lamie Nesrine T. , Mohamed Heba M.
Published: June 2015

Application and validation of eco-friendly TLC-densitometric method for simultaneous determination of co-formulated antihypertensive agents.
Structural characterization and multiferroic properties of hexagonal nano-sized YMnO3 developed by a low temperature precursor route
Authors: Ahmad Tokeer , Lone Irfan H. , Ubaidullah Mohd
Published: June 2015

The highest surface area was achieved and room temperature ferroelectricity with ferromagnetic interactions appeared in the as-prepared YMnO3 nanoparticles.
Metabolomics study of metabolic variations in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-infected piglets
Authors: Ren Wenkai , Yin Jie , Gao Wei , Chen Shuai , Duan Jielin , Liu Gang , Li Tiejun , Li Nengzhang , Peng Yuanyi , Yin Yulong
Published: June 2015

This study aimed to explore the metabolic profiling in the serum of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) infected piglets.
Enhanced efficiency of planar-heterojunction perovskite solar cells through a thermal gradient annealing process
Authors: Fan Bingbing , Peng Dehua , Lin Shiwei , Wang Nü , Zhao Yong , Sun Yanming
Published: June 2015

An efficient gradient annealing approach has been developed to improve the surface morphology and coverage of perovskite films, thereby increasing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
Pressured liquid metal screen printing for rapid manufacture of high resolution electronic patterns
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu Jing
Published: June 2015

A pressured liquid metal screen printing method for rapidly fabricating high resolution complex electronic patterns on varied substrates is demonstrated.
One pot synthesis of gold hollow nanospheres with efficient and reusable catalysis
Authors: Xia Qingdong , Su Dongyue , Yang Xin , Chai Fang , Wang Chungang , Jiang Jingjie
Published: June 2015

In this paper, gold hollow nanospheres (GHNSs) have been prepared by a one step method using 2-mercaptothiazoline as both a reductant and stabilizer.
Large-area scanning probe nanolithography facilitated by automated alignment of probe arrays
Authors: Wang Shuai , Hosford Joseph , Heath William P. , Wong Lu Shin
Published: June 2015

A method for the automated alignment of scanning probe polymer pen arrays is reported. This system enables nanolithography over large (cm2) areas with high uniformity, with any misalignment being ≤0.0003°.
The role of interpretation in inferring student knowledge and understanding from research data
Authors: Taber Keith S.
Published: June 2015

RecentlyCERPpublished its first articles in the categories of Comments and Replies. These are peer reviewed articles that address specific issues raised in articles published in the journal. A Comment is an article by new authors who argue that something in a published article should not stand in the literature without further comment, and a Reply is a response by the original authors to the Comment. The option of publishing articles of this kind is common among research journals, such as those published by the Royal Society of Chemistry.CERPis not seeking to actively encourage readers to submit comments on the papers they read in the journal as a matter of course, but rather is offering the possibility of challenging assertions made in published articles where readers strongly feel that there is some form of misrepresentation or limitation in an article that should be pointed out to the chemistry education community. These types of article raise issues about the definitiveness of research contributions, the status of knowledge claims made in published papers, and the conversational nature of the research literature in general.
Correction: Assessing the exchange coupling in binuclear lanthanide(iii) complexes and the slow relaxation of the magnetization in the antiferromagnetically coupled Dy2 derivative
Authors: Chow Chun Y. , Bolvin Hélène , Campbell Victoria E. , Guillot Régis , Kampf Jeff W. , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Gendron Frédéric , Autschbach Jochen , Pecoraro Vincent L. , Mallah Talal
Published: June 2015

Correction for ‘Assessing the exchange coupling in binuclear lanthanide(iii) complexes and the slow relaxation of the magnetization in the antiferromagnetically coupled Dy2 derivative’ by Chun Y. Chow et al., Chem. Sci., 2015, 6, 4148–4159.
FRET evidence for untwisting of amyloid fibrils on the surface of model membranes
Authors: Gorbenko Galyna , Trusova Valeriya , Girych Mykhailo , Adachi Emi , Mizuguchi Chiharu , Akaji Kenichi , Saito Hiroyuki
Published: June 2015

The possibility for membrane-induced conversion of amyloid fibrils with the helical and twisted ribbon morphologies into the planar ribbon-like structures is demonstrated.
Influence of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature of polyetheramines on the interaction between amine–alcohol–silicate hybrids and anionic dyes for effective water cleaning
Authors: Moura André L. A. , de Oliveira Lilian K. , Ciuffi Katia J. , Molina Eduardo F.
Published: June 2015

The excellent water uptake, swelling behavior and the impressive anionic binding ability of amine–alcohol–silicate hybrids make them highly efficient adsorbents for water purification and treatment.
Crystal-facet-dependent hot-electron transfer in plasmonic-Au/semiconductor heterostructures for efficient solar photocatalysis
Authors: Liu Guigao , Wang Tao , Zhou Wei , Meng Xianguang , Zhang Huabin , Liu Huimin , Kako Tetsuya , Ye Jinhua
Published: June 2015

Semiconductor crystal facets are found to have significant effects on hot-electron transfer from Au nanoparticles to the semiconductor within plasmonic photocatalysts under visible-light irradiation, leading to facet-dependent photocatalysis.
SIW magic‐T with bandpass response
Authors: Li Peng , Chu Hui , Chen Ru Shan
Published: June 2015

A novel magic‐T with bandpass filtering response using substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is presented. The basic design concept is based on properly locating the two power‐division ports in a dual‐mode circular SIW cavity, whose field distributions are even or odd symmetric. Not only in‐phase and out‐of‐phase operations can be achieved in the magic‐T, but also filtering responses for the two operations can be obtained. This magic‐T is fabricated in a single‐layer PCB and measured results show that it is centred at 9 GHz with 70 MHz 3 dB bandwidth. Good measured performance of balance for magnitude (±0.35 dB) as well as phase (0°–5°) is also obtained within the passband.
Calibration of laser Doppler vibrometer exploiting Bessel functions of the first kind
Authors: Jackson D.A. , Posada‐Roman J.E. , Garcia‐Souto J.A.
Published: June 2015

Laser Doppler vibrometers (LDVs) both in a bulk optics and fibre optic format have been available for more than 30 years. Calibration of the vibrometer at fixed frequencies varies from counting fringes at low frequencies to measuring the displacement from the Doppler velocity. The proposed method for calibration exploits the properties of the optical vibration spectrum which can be described by Bessel functions of the first kind making it intrinsic to the vibrometer itself and not requiring any additional optical equipment. Calibration was achieved using an electric shaker to generate the vibration signal over a range of frequencies. Ideally the shaker should be calibrated but this is not required in the proposed system. This approach enables the maximum vibration amplitude and the minimum amplitude to be determined. In addition, an example of the calibration of a LDV is presented in which a minimum displacement of 1.6 nm at 4 kHz was achieved.
Perte de vitalité : influence des procédures
orthodontiques
Authors: Bernard-Granger Chloé , Gebeile-Chauty Sarah
Published: June 2015

Les pertes de vitalité pulpaires, certes rares, entraînent des pertes de sensibilité et
des changements de teinte des dents concernées avec possibilité de nécrose. Avant de
débuter le traitement orthodontique, il convient d’identifier les dents à risque (dents
ayant subi un traumatisme, même occlusal...) sachant que, si un traitement endodontique
est à réaliser, il est préférable de le faire avant de débuter les forces orthodontiques.
Les lampes à polymériser ne semblent plus poser de problème (à l’exception des lampes
halogènes haute intensité). Les disjonctions chez l’enfant, les ostéotomies de Le Fort I,
les corticotomies, les ostéotomies sagittales bilatérales et les génioplasties entraînent
une ischémie généralement transitoire sans atteindre un niveau pathogène. La pose des
mini-vis et mini-plaques peut être iatrogène en cas de contact radiculaire. Les chances de
réparation dépendent du délai avant le repositionnement de la mini-vis et de la nature du
tissu touché.
Entwicklung, Anwendung und Evaluation eines Konzeptes zur sicheren Patientenidentifikation im Krankenhaus – Wie kann der Wissenstransfer gelingen?
Authors: Santos S. , Lessing C. , Schrappe M. , Vollmar H. , Leve V. , Zschocke B. , Lux R.
Published: June 2015

Ziel der Studie: Das Aktionsbündnis Patientensicherheit e. V. (APS) hat 2008 Handlungsempfehlungen zur sicheren Patientenidentifikation (PI) veröffentlicht, die das Risiko einer Patientenverwechslung in Krankenhäusern minimieren sollen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, ein theoretisches Rahmenkonzept zum Wissenstransfer zu entwickeln, zu implementieren und zu evaluieren. Das Konzept sollte zu einer nachhaltigen Anwendung der Handlungsempfehlungen zur sicheren PI durch das Krankenhauspersonal führen.

Methodik: Grundlage für das theoretische Rahmenkonzept zum Wissenstransfer waren eine datenbankbasierte Recherche und Literaturanalyse zu den Themengebieten Wissenstransfer, Change Management und praxisbezogene Implementierungsforschung. Im Rahmen der Konzeptanwendung wurden Gruppeninterviews mit dem Krankenhauspersonal geführt und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Auf dieser Basis wurde eine an die Rahmenbedingungen angepasste multimodale Implementierungsstrategie entwickelt und auf 8 Stationen in 4 Häusern eines kommunalen Krankenhauskonzerns umgesetzt. Die Evaluation des Konzeptes zum Wissenstransfer erfolgte 4 Wochen nach Konzeptanwendung mittels schriftlicher Befragung.

Ergebnisse: Das entwickelte Rahmenkonzept zum Wissenstransfer bestand aus 4 aufeinander aufbauenden Phasen: Initiierungsphase, Analysephase, Implementierungsphase, Evaluationsphase. Die multimodale Implementierungsstrategie setzte sich aus 3 Interventionen zusammen: einem Poster, einer Computerbasierten Schulung (CBS) und einem Leitfaden für Teambesprechungen. An der Befragung nahmen insgesamt 56 Stationsmitarbeiter teil: 96% gaben an, über die Existenz von Handlungsempfehlungen zur sicheren PI Bescheid zu wissen; 86% gaben an, die Inhalte der Handlungsempfehlungen zu kennen; 91% waren bestrebt, die Handlungsempfehlungen im stationären Alltag umzusetzen; 71% konstatierten, dass die Handlungsempfehlungen ein fester Bestandteil ihres routinierten stationären Arbeitsalltags geworden seien. Im Durchschnitt wurden die Befragten durch 2,3 Interventionen auf die Handlungsempfehlungen und ihre Inhalte aufmerksam gemacht, wobei die CBS die geringste Aufmerksamkeitssteigerung zur Folge hatte.

Schlussfolgerung: Das entwickelte theoretische Rahmenkonzept bietet eine Möglichkeit, die Handlungsempfehlungen zur sicheren PI in den stationären Versorgungsalltag zu integrieren und somit fördernder Faktoren einer Patientenverwechslung entgegenzusteuern. Dabei ist der Einsatz einer multimodalen Implementierungsstrategie vielversprechend.
The Effect of an Educational Intervention Program on the Adoption of Low Back Pain Preventive Behaviors in Nurses: An Application of the Health Belief Model
Authors: Sharafkhani Naser , Khorsandi Mahboobeh , Shamsi Mohsen , Ranjbaran Mehdi
Published: June 2015

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of a theory-based educational intervention program on the level of knowledge and Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs among nurses in terms of the adoption of preventive behaviors.

Methods

This pretest/posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted on 100 nurses who were recruited through the multistage sampling method. The nurses were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The participants were evaluated before and 3 months after the educational intervention. A multidimensional questionnaire was prepared based on the theoretical structures of the HBM to collect the data. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results

There was no significant difference in the mean values of HBM constructs prior to the intervention between the intervention and control groups. However, after the administration of the educational program, the mean scores of knowledge and HBM constructs significantly increased in the intervention group when compared with the control group ( p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The results of the current study revealed that the educational intervention based on the HBM was effective in improving the nurses’ scores of knowledge and HBM constructs; therefore, theory-based health educational strategies are suggested as an effective alternative to traditional educational interventions.
Self-consistent Kohn-Sham method based on the adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation theorem and the exact-exchange kernel
Authors: Bleiziffer Patrick , Krug Marcel , Görling Andreas
Published: June 2015

A self-consistent Kohn-Sham method based on the adiabatic-connection fluctuation-dissipation (ACFD) theorem, employing the frequency-dependent exact exchange kernel fx is presented. The resulting SC-exact-exchange-only (EXX)-ACFD method leads to even more accurate correlation potentials than those obtained within the direct random phase approximation (dRPA). In contrast to dRPA methods, not only the Coulomb kernel but also the exact exchange kernel fx is taken into account in the EXX-ACFD correlation which results in a method that, unlike dRPA methods, is free of self-correlations, i.e., a method that treats exactly all one-electron systems, like, e.g., the hydrogen atom. The self-consistent evaluation of EXX-ACFD total energies improves the accuracy compared to EXX-ACFD total energies evaluated non-self-consistently with EXX or dRPA orbitals and eigenvalues. Reaction energies of a set of small molecules, for which highly accurate experimental reference data are available, are calculated and compared to quantum chemistry methods like Møller-Plesset perturbation theory of second order (MP2) or coupled cluster methods [CCSD, coupled cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples (CCSD(T))]. Moreover, we compare our methods to other ACFD variants like dRPA combined with perturbative corrections such as the second order screened exchange corrections or a renormalized singles correction. Similarly, the performance of our EXX-ACFD methods is investigated for the non-covalently bonded dimers of the S22 reference set and for potential energy curves of noble gas, water, and benzene dimers. The computational effort of the SC-EXX-ACFD method exhibits the same scaling of N5 with respect to the system size N as the non-self-consistent evaluation of only the EXX-ACFD correlation energy; however, the prefactor increases significantly. Reaction energies from the SC-EXX-ACFD method deviate quite little from EXX-ACFD energies obtained non-self-consistently with dRPA orbitals and eigenvalues, and the deviation reduces even further if the Coulomb kernel is scaled by a factor of 0.75 in the dRPA to reduce self-correlations in the dRPA correlation potential. For larger systems, such a non-self-consistent EXX-ACFD method is a competitive alternative to high-level wave-function-based methods, yielding higher accuracy than MP2 and CCSD methods while exhibiting a better scaling of the computational effort than CCSD or CCSD(T) methods. Moreover, EXX-ACFD methods were shown to be applicable in situation characterized by static correlation.
Calibration independent generalized cavity method for microwave characterization of powdered materials
Authors: Jha Abhishek Kumar , Azizurrahaman  , Akhtar Mohammad Jaleel
Published: June 2015

A generalized cavity method relaxing the major assumptions of conventional cavity perturbation technique is presented for characterization of the powdered sample in the microwave frequency range. The unified method, which is based on the inverse optimization technique, eliminates the complexity of measurement caused due to the existence of sample holder and produces an accurate result. In this paper, an attractive numerical calibration approach is proposed in lieu of the practical calibration technique which usually requires either a set of standards or a number of reference samples. The sample holder especially made of borosilicate glass is designed to contain the powdered samples, and the X-band rectangular cavity is fabricated. For verification of the proposed technique, the pulverized alumina and polyethylene oxide with various packing fractions are measured using the fabricated cavity and the vector network analyzer. The dielectric constant of these samples is extracted using the proposed unified approach which is found to be in good agreement with the theoretical data obtained by Landau-Lifshitz and Looyenga model. The accuracy of the proposed generalized cavity method for powdered samples is found to be better than the conventional resonator methods available in the literature.
Development of 600 kV triple resonance pulse transformer
Authors: Li Mingjia , Zhang Faqiang , Liang Chuan , Xu Zhou
Published: June 2015

In this paper, a triple-resonance pulse transformer based on an air-core transformer is introduced. The voltage across the high-voltage winding of the air-core transformer is significantly less than the output voltage; instead, the full output voltage appears across the tuning inductor. The maximum ratio of peak load voltage to peak transformer voltage is 2.77 in theory. By analyzing pulse transformer’s lossless circuit, the analytical expression for the output voltage and the characteristic equation of the triple-resonance circuit are presented. Design method for the triple-resonance pulse transformer (iterated simulation method) is presented, and a triple-resonance pulse transformer is developed based on the existing air-core transformer. The experimental results indicate that the maximum ratio of peak voltage across the load to peak voltage across the high-voltage winding of the air-core transformer is approximately 2.0 and the peak output voltage of the triple-resonance pulse transformer is approximately 600 kV.
On the ultrafast charge migration and subsequent charge directed reactivity in Cl⋯N halogen-bonded clusters following vertical ionization
Authors: Chandra Sankhabrata , Periyasamy Ganga , Bhattacharya Atanu
Published: June 2015

In this article, we have presented ultrafast charge transfer dynamics through halogen bonds following vertical ionization of representative halogen bonded clusters. Subsequent hole directed reactivity of the radical cations of halogen bonded clusters is also discussed. Furthermore, we have examined effect of the halogen bond strength on the electron-electron correlation- and relaxation-driven charge migration in halogen bonded complexes. For this study, we have selected A-Cl (A represents F, OH, CN, NH2, CF3, and COOH substituents) molecules paired with NH3 (referred as ACl:NH3 complex): these complexes exhibit halogen bonds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on purely electron correlation- and relaxation-driven ultrafast (attosecond) charge migration dynamics through halogen bonds. Both density functional theory and complete active space self-consistent field theory with 6-31 + G(d, p) basis set are employed for this work. Upon vertical ionization of NCCl⋯NH3 complex, the hole is predicted to migrate from the NH3-end to the ClCN-end of the NCCl⋯NH3 complex in approximately 0.5 fs on the D0 cationic surface. This hole migration leads to structural rearrangement of the halogen bonded complex, yielding hydrogen bonding interaction stronger than the halogen bonding interaction on the same cationic surface. Other halogen bonded complexes, such as H2NCl:NH3, F3CCl:NH3, and HOOCCl:NH3, exhibit similar charge migration following vertical ionization. On the contrary, FCl:NH3 and HOCl:NH3 complexes do not exhibit any charge migration following vertical ionization to the D0 cation state, pointing to interesting halogen bond strength-dependent charge migration.
On calculation of generating functions of Chebyshev polynomials in several variables
Authors: Damaskinsky E. V. , Kulish P. P. , Sokolov M. A.
Published: June 2015

We propose a new method of calculation of generating functions of Chebyshev polynomials in several variables associated with root systems of the simple Lie algebras. We obtain the generating functions of the polynomials in two variables corresponding to the Lie algebra C2 as an illustration.
On the effects of a pressure induced amorphous silicon layer on consecutive spreading resistance microscopy scans of doped silicon
Authors: Coq Germanicus R. , Leclère Ph. , Guhel Y. , Boudart B. , Touboul A. D. , Descamps P. , Hug E. , Eyben P.
Published: June 2015

In this study, the evolution of the Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM) signal, as a function of the doping level and of the bias voltage applied for consecutive scans, is carefully analyzed for an intimate high force contact between the tip and a silicon staircase test-structure. Within our experimental set-up, the SSRM technique, performed in ambient air, is used to collect the overall current flowing through the tip-sample Schottky nanocontact, taking into account the local spreading resistance contribution and the current flowing along the surface around the conductive tip. Whereas no significant bias voltage sign dependence is measured in n-type epitaxially doped silicon, a large increase of the overall resistance is demonstrated in lightly doped p-type silicon for a negatively biased sample. In this regime, the Schottky nanocontact blocks the spreading current, and a surface current of minority carriers can be observed. Moreover, micro-Raman analysis shows that the topside silicon layer, which remains after SSRM scanning is amorphous and therefore that SSRM scanning promotes silicon surface amorphization around the tip. Hence, the surface leakage current is suppressed, which impacts the total measured current, especially on lightly doped p-type silicon where it may play a significant role. By using Peak Force Tapping Quantitative Nano-Mechanical (PF-QNM) mode, the micro-structural, nano-mechanical properties are determined for n- and p-type epitaxially doped silicon, after successive SSRM scans. Finally, two-dimensional axisymmetric device simulations have been performed and confirm the impact of the minority carrier induced current on pristine samples. Thus, differential measurement between the first and the second SSRM scan allow the surface current to be probed.
Work function variation of MoS2 atomic layers grown with chemical vapor deposition: The effects of thickness and the adsorption of water/oxygen molecules
Authors: Kim Jong Hun , Lee Jinhwan , Kim Jae Hyeon , Hwang C. C. , Lee Changgu , Park Jeong Young
Published: June 2015

The electrical properties of two-dimensional atomic sheets exhibit remarkable dependences on layer thickness and surface chemistry. Here, we investigated the variation of the work function properties of MoS2 films prepared with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on SiO2 substrates with the number of film layers. Wafer-scale CVD MoS2 films with 2, 4, and 12 layers were fabricated on SiO2, and their properties were evaluated by using Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies. In accordance with our X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, our Kelvin probe force microscopy investigation found that the surface potential of the MoS2 films increases by ∼0.15 eV when the number of layers is increased from 2 to 12. Photoemission spectroscopy (PES) with in-situ annealing under ultra high vacuum conditions was used to directly demonstrate that this work function shift is associated with the screening effects of oxygen or water molecules adsorbed on the film surface. After annealing, it was found with PES that the surface potential decreases by ∼0.2 eV upon the removal of the adsorbed layers, which confirms that adsorbed species have a role in the variation in the work function.
Testicular injection of busulfan for recipient preparation in transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells in mice
Authors: Qin Yusheng , Liu Ling , He Yanan , Ma Wenzhi , Zhu Huabin , Liang Mingyuan , Hao Haisheng , Qin Tong , Zhao Xueming , Wang Dong
Published: June 2015

Intraperitoneal busulfan injections are used to prepare recipients for spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation but they are associated with haematopoietic toxicity. Testicular injections of busulfan have been proposed to overcome this limitation. To date, testicular injections have not been studied in the mouse model. Therefore, in the present study we used ICR mice as recipients for SSC transplantation and prepared these mice by testicular injection of busulfan on both sides (2, 3, 4 or 6 mg kg–1 per side). Following this, donor germ cells expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) from transgenic C57BL/6J male mice were transplanted into recipients via the efferent duct on Days 16–17 after busulfan treatment. Positive control mice were prepared by intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg kg–1 busulfan and negative control mice were treated with bilateral testicular injection of 50% dimethyl sulfoxide. On Day 49 after transplantation, recipient mice that were RFP-positive by in vivo imaging were mated with ICR female mice. Donor-derived germ cell colonies with red fluorescence were observed on Day 60 after transplantation, and donor-derived offspring were obtained. The results demonstrated that endogenous germ cells were successfully eliminated in the seminiferous tubules via testicular busulfan administration, and that exogenous SSCs successfully undergo spermatogenesis in the testes of recipient mice prepared by testicular injections of busulfan. In addition to its effects on recipient preparation, this method was safe in rodents and could possibly be adapted for use in other species.
Short-term effects of nutrition on behavior: neurotransmitters.
Authors: Worobey J. , Kanarek R. B.
Published: June 2015

This chapter briefly discusses the physiological effects food intake has on behaviour, mood, sleep, cravings. Of particular interest are the interaction between food intake and the production, secretion and/or metabolism of serotonin, acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine and tyrosine.
Effects of chronic and acute forms of undernutrition.
Authors: Worobey J.
Published: June 2015

In this chapter, the features, developmental consequences, and behavioural consequences of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and deficiencies of essential vitamins and minerals are discussed. The consequences of short-term and long-term PEM and nutritional deficiencies among infants, children and adults are examined.
Minerals, the central nervous system and behavior.
Authors: Tepper B. J.
Published: June 2015

This chapter examines how trace mineral deficiencies may be linked to cognitive, motor and affective developmental delay. The biological function, effect on the central nervous system, dietary sources, diseases associated with deficiency, metabolism and effect on fetal development of iron, iodine, and zinc are discussed.
Dietary supplements, mental performance and behavior.
Authors: Tepper B. J.
Published: June 2015

This chapter begins by defining what a dietary supplement is and continues with a discussion on the functions and uses of 2 general classes of dietary supplements: antioxidant vitamins and minerals; and herbs and botanicals. The safety, efficacy and reported health benefits of dietary supplements (including improvement of memory, mood, depression, anxiety and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and dementia) are discussed. The antioxidant vitamins and minerals discussed include vitamin E, ascorbic acid, β-carotene and selenium, while herbs and botanicals discussed include Ginkgo biloba, ginseng (Panax ginseng), St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), and kava (Piper methysticum).
Dietary sugar and behavior.
Authors: D'Anci K. E. , Kanarek R. B.
Published: June 2015

This chapter defines what nutritionists mean when they use the term 'sugar', discusses the metabolism of sugar, provides information on how much sugar is found in foods, examines how much sugar is being consumed by Americans and, in the main part of the chapter, explores the effect of sugar on behaviour and whether sugar intake does lead to physiological and psychological woes. The results of recent studies that suggest that sugar intake may have beneficial effects on cognition and mood, pain and substance abuse are described. It is concluded that the available data are suggestive of a powerful relationship between ingestion of sugary foods and a wide range of brain functioning.
Caffeine, the methylxanthines and behavior.
Authors: D'Anci K. E. , Kanarek R. B.
Published: June 2015

This chapter presents a brief history of coffee, tea and chocolate; discusses the sources of caffeine; presents trends in coffee, tea and chocolate consumption; discusses the metabolism and neurophysiological effects of methylxanthines and caffeine; and examines the occurrence of caffeine intoxication.
Alcohol, brain functioning and behavior.
Authors: Kanarek R. B.
Published: June 2015

This chapter examines the paradox of alcohol intake reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke, and the association of excessive alcohol intake with detrimental physiological and behavioural outcomes. It discusses the interaction of alcohol and nutrition, the effects of alcohol intake on brain function and human behaviour, the outcomes of chronic alcohol use, the relationship between nutrition and alcohol-induced neurotoxicity and fetal alcohol syndrome and its associated behavioural consequences.
Speciality air transportation.
Authors: Gross S. , Klemmer L.
Published: June 2015

This chapter highlights a variety of forms and experiences of air transportation, their history and their significant applications for tourism. Although not strictly a viable form of commercial transportation, the types of specialty air transport described in this chapter (namely, ballooning, airships, helicopters, gliding, and space transport) offer interesting options for tourists.
Automobiles.
Authors: Gross S. , Klemmer L.
Published: June 2015

This chapter discusses: the passenger car as a product, its origins and different forms of usage; the current state of the rental car industry in regards to tourism, its regulation and the associations involved in Europe and North America; and the demand and supply sides of the rental car industry.
Delivering live events.
Authors: Oriade A. , Robinson P. , Gelder S.
Published: June 2015

This chapter explains event management from an operational perspective and demonstrates, again through case studies, how effective logistics management is essential for events to be delivered on time and on budget. The chapter discusses each stage of the event planning process, from initial concept to tidying up the site. This includes discussions around venue choices, site and facility design, quality and capacity management, yield management, performance and productivity management, and supply chain management.
Successful staffing of events.
Authors: Heitmann S. , Roberts C.
Published: June 2015

This chapter discusses human resource management (HRM) theories, processes and concepts in the context of the event management organizations. Key topics include theories of motivation and leadership, human resources planning, recruitment and selection, training and development, grievance and discipline, as well as key issues such as legislation and labour market realities. The ideas are analysed and discussed in the context of their application and usefulness in practice to show the importance of the key concepts for managers in an increasingly competitive and diverse working environment.
Business planning and strategy.
Authors: Tassiopoulos D. , Dale C.
Published: June 2015

This chapter explores strategic management concepts and theories within the context of the events industry. The chapter acknowledges the interrelationships between the different management functions and analyse business situations and strategic options. This chapter initially introduces the deliberate and emergent nature of strategic management and its impact upon event strategy and planning. Approaches to analysing the external macro- and microenvironment will be discussed with an understanding of the factors that may impact upon events and event operators. Consideration will then be given to concepts and theories that address the strategic options and methods of event operators. Approaches to understanding the implementation of strategies to events as part of the strategic management process will then be addressed. To enhance understanding of the material, the chapter applies the theories and concepts to 'live' mini-case studies of events and event operators.
Event legacy.
Authors: Dickson G.
Published: June 2015

This chapter explores the potential for events to provide host communities with a legacy. The chapter helps to explain why cities and countries want to invest in hallmark and mega-events and demonstrates this through case studies of past events. The final section concludes with a summary and review of the key discussions from the book while also considering current and future developments within the event industry.
Ideology, inquiry, and antiquity: a critical notice of Lloyd’s The Ideals of Inquiry: An Ancient History
Authors: Berryman Sylvia
Published: June 2015

A discussion of Lloyd’s Tarner Lectures at Trinity College. The importance of Lloyd’s previous scholarship is characterized and these sweeping, erudite lectures are placed in the context of that scholarship. In the broadest terms, the lectures are a call to culturally and historically comparative study of human reasoning. At their heart is a comparative history of scientific theorizing from the ancients through to modern science. Lloyd rejects the positivist picture, and the view of modern and ancient science as discontinuous; he urges scholars to undertake comparative work on the ancient sciences in different traditions. This critical notice evaluates Lloyd’s view and raises several questions for further reflection.
From “frozen conflict” to enduring rivalry: reassessing the Nagorny Karabakh conflict
Authors: Broers Laurence
Published: June 2015

This article draws on international relations theory to attempt a reframing of the Armenian–Azerbaijani conflict in Nagorny Karabakh as an enduring rivalry (ER): a particular kind of interstate conflict known for its longevity and stability. The article begins by identifying a number of conceptual deficits circulating around this conflict, notably the notion that it is a “frozen conflict,” before introducing the ER framework and its analytical dividends for this case. Different layers of the ER between Armenia and Azerbaijan are then explored at systemic, interstate, domestic, decision-maker, and temporal levels, with a view more toward identifying directions for future research than conclusive findings. Among the article's tentative conclusions are the primacy of endogenous over exogenous factors in explaining the durability of the rivalry between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the impacts of the passage of time on the human and physical geography of the territory under dispute, and the convergence of conflict dynamics across disparate levels.
ISIS, Wahhabism and Takfir
Authors: Al-Ibrahim Bader
Published: June 2015

Much has been written about the rise and expansion of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) or ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) – hereinafter referred to interchangeably as ISIL and ISIS – since its emergence, and analyses are being published non-stop. The facile utilization of cultural interpretations to explain such phenomena, connecting the development of ISIL with Arab-Islamic culture, is common. There have been widespread attempts by some racist self-proclaimed Arab nationalists, based on ‘orientalist’ concepts, to connect it to ‘Bedouin culture’. All these analyses have neglected the existence of many other factors that contributed to the development of this group, the least significant of which was the cultural factor. Recognizing the difference between the causes of the emergence and existence of ISIS in Arab political arenas, and its practices – of which the latter can be explained by its ideological formation – is essential. This article focuses on two particular aspects that characterize ISIL: its success in annexing large geographical areas inside Iraq and Syria; and the colossal level of violence the group exercises against its enemies, and against unarmed, innocent people, far exceeding that of other armed groups in the region on many levels. It also addresses two key factors that help shed light on what instigated the emergence, expansion and even ability of this group to attract cadres and supporters from within and beyond the Arab countries.
Understanding end‐users in academic book publishing
Authors: DODDS Francis
Published: June 2015

This article reviews ways that commissioning editors in academic book publishing can better understand the end‐users of their products. It discusses available market resources, reports, and market research undertaken by other publishing companies and consultants, before going on to look at some of the existing internal sources that commissioning editors can draw on. It considers both qualitative and quantitative ways of testing and developing a commissioning editor's understanding of end‐users to improve market reach and customer satisfaction. The article concludes with a case study illustrating how one publisher used research on end‐users to improve its products and be more successful in the market.
Real-time multi-view deconvolution
Authors: Schmid Benjamin , Huisken Jan
Published: June 2015

Summary: In light-sheet microscopy, overall image content and resolution are improved by acquiring and fusing multiple views of the sample from different directions. State-of-the-art multi-view (MV) deconvolution simultaneously fuses and deconvolves the images in 3D, but processing takes a multiple of the acquisition time and constitutes the bottleneck in the imaging pipeline. Here, we show that MV deconvolution in 3D can finally be achieved in real-time by processing cross-sectional planes individually on the massively parallel architecture of a graphics processing unit (GPU). Our approximation is valid in the typical case where the rotation axis lies in the imaging plane.

Availability and implementation: Source code and binaries are available on github (https://github.com/bene51/), native code under the repository ‘gpu_deconvolution’, Java wrappers implementing Fiji plugins under ‘SPIM_Reconstruction_Cuda’.

Contact:  bschmid@mpi-cbg.de or huisken@mpi-cbg.de

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.