bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the stability of pulse superconducting radio frequency cavities by the construction of an Al–Nb double layer structure
Authors: Wang Zhi , He Yuan , Huang Qitong , Liang Zehua , Xiao Liangang , Xu Mengxin , Li Xiaoli , Li Chunlong , Wang Zhijun , Liu Lubei , Liu Tong , Zhang Shengxue , Jiang Tiancai , Guo Hao , Xiong Pingran , Min Yonggang , Liu Yidong , Wu Jiahao , Wang Changlin , Liu Guo Chang , Liu Xiaoqi , Wang Jiyu , Liu Zheng , Wang Fengfeng
Published: April 2024

Superconducting Radio Frequency technologies are widely employed in particle accelerators to explore the frontiers of science. Pure niobium cavity with 2.8–4[Formula: see text]mm thickness is the traditional technology of a compromise between the thermal conduction and mechanic stability. To meet the requirements of the higher stability of accelerators such as ADS linac, high intensity pulse linac, a solution for enhancing the stability of superconducting cavities by the Al–Nb double layer structure is proposed while maintaining enough heat transfer capacity. In this work, a 3.9[Formula: see text]GHz single cell Al–Nb elliptical cavity was fabricated to validate this proposal. During the vertical testing, the cavity shows a significant enhancement in the mechanical stability with LFD coefficient reduction by 88% compared to the pure Nb cavity and [Formula: see text] value is kept at the same level. Additionally, the basic parameters of Al–Nb composite material were tested and reported as well.
Exploring new physics via effective interactions
Authors: Singh Ekata , Bharadwaj Hrishabh , Devisharan
Published: April 2024

We investigate self-conjugate Dark Matter (DM) particles that primarily interact with Standard Model (SM) electroweak gauge bosons within an effective field theoretical framework. Our analysis focuses on effective contact interactions, invariant under the SM gauge group, between Majorana fermions, and real scalar DM, with SM neutral electroweak gauge bosons. We calculate the Wilson coefficients for interaction terms up to dimension-8 and establish constraints on the theory’s parameters. These constraints are derived from the observed relic density, and indirect detection observations. We discuss the potential for DM–nucleon scattering in direct detection experiments. Additionally, we utilize low-energy Large Electron–Positron (LEP) data to assess sensitivity to the pair production of low-mass ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV) DM particles. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) in probing effective operators through the pair production of DM particles with masses [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV in association with mono-photons.
Decay of the Higgs boson to longitudinally polarized leptons and quarks
Authors: Ovsiannikov R. T. , Korchin A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

An important problem in particle physics is the interaction of Higgs boson with the fermions. In the processes which involve [Formula: see text] interaction, the manifestations of [Formula: see text]-violation are possible. This in turn can be helpful in solving the problem of the dominance of matter over antimatter in the universe. In this regard, here, the effect of longitudinal polarization of leptons and quarks produced in the decay of the Higgs boson is investigated and calculated. We consider the case in which the Higgs boson interacts with fermions via a mixture of scalar and pseudoscalar couplings. Under this assumption, the longitudinal polarization can acquire nonzero values due to the imaginary part of loop corrections to tree-level amplitudes. This polarization is a direct signature of the [Formula: see text]-violation in the Higgs sector. Effects of the longitudinal polarization of [Formula: see text] leptons on the energy distribution of the pions in the two-step Higgs-boson decay [Formula: see text] are also studied, and the energy asymmetries with corresponding moments are calculated.
High-performance quasi-2D perovskite solar cells enabled by using π-conjugated spacer
Authors: Shahnawaz  , Fang Chih-Yu , Chang Chih-Yu
Published: April 2024

The excellent photoelectric properties and low fabrication cost of perovskite solar cells have attracted extensive research attention. Despite this, long-term stability issues associated with perovskite solar cells continue to pose a significant barrier to commercialization. A new generation of two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-2D perovskites and newly introduced members of the 2D material family, have attracted growing attention due to their excellent stability and physical properties in contrast to their three-dimensional (3D) counterparts. Herein, we have presented the feasibility of using 4,[Formula: see text]-dipyridyl as an additive material for quasi-2D perovskite solar cells. As a result of the addition of 4,[Formula: see text]-dipyridyl, the solar cell device achieves a power conversion efficiency of 17.92% and a fill factor of 76.5%. Additionally, this strategy can be expanded to quasi-2D perovskite solar cells with an open-circuit voltage of 1.05[Formula: see text]V.
Simulation of radiative nonlinear heat dynamism on Buongiorno-modeled nanoliquid through porous inclined plate with adjustable chemical response
Authors: Gangadhar Kotha , Naga Chandrika G. , Dinarvand Saeed
Published: April 2024

Nanofluids are the fluid suspensions in nanoparticles. A considerable enhancement in their features is less nanoparticle concentrations. Various studies on nanofluids focused on representing their performance with respect to the functions — here enhancing straight heat transfer was critical, like that in nuclear reactors, transportation, different industrial settings, biology, food and electronics. Hence, this consideration analyzes the utilization of the novel mathematical method, called the bvp4c method by viscous heat energy research in Buongiorno-modeled nanoliquid confined by the apt permeable plate along with slip mechanism. The thermophoresis and Brownian dispersion affects are again assumed. This transfer of solutal and thermal energy was dependent on the appreciable effect on heat source, variable chemical reactions and nonlinear thermal radiation. The dimensional model of partial differential equations (PDEs), applied to precise related applications, had been adapted into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). This modified Nusselt number decreases with increasing viscous heating, thermal radiation, thermophoresis parameter and Brownian motion, always it rises due to increasing temperature ratio parameter. The validation of the outcomes was attained with past solutions by free convectional flow and non-magnetic research. There are many functions in petroleum industries and engineering like electroplating, chemical processing of substantial metals and solar water heaters.
Numerical treatment of stochastic and deterministic alcohol drinker dynamics with Euler–Maruyama method
Authors: Anwar Nabeela , Ahmad Iftikhar , Javaid Hijab , Kiani Adiqa Kausar , Shoaib Muhammad , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor
Published: April 2024

Alcohol abuse is a substantial cause of various health and societal issues, as well as a significant factor in global disease. Once alcohol is consumed in the gastrointestinal tract, it undergoes metabolism in the liver and lungs. In this investigation, the nonlinear deterministic and stochastic differential frameworks are analyzed numerically to predict the dynamic evolution of the virus in the drinker alcohol model. The framework for apprehending drinking patterns is categorized into three distinct groups: the susceptible population, risk drinkers, and moderate drinkers. The approximate solution for each population group is determined by exhaustively creating scenarios that vary the probability ratio of infection in susceptible individuals who do not consume alcohol, the increasing rate of alcohol consumption, the rate at which individuals transition from acute to chronic drinking categories, the rate at which new non-drinking consumers are attracted, the death rate of the population, the ratio affecting the rate of sociability in heavy drinkers, and the overall population rate. The Euler–Maruyama approach for the stochastic framework and the Adams method for the deterministic framework are utilized, respectively, to determine the solutions of the alcohol drinker model. This study compares deterministic and stochastic frameworks to underscore their distinct characteristics and efficiency, achieved through comprehensive simulations and in-depth analysis of the numerical outcomes.
Dependence over subgroups of free groups
Authors: Rosenmann Amnon , Ventura Enric
Published: April 2024

Given a finitely generated subgroup H of a free group F, we present an algorithm which computes [Formula: see text], such that the set of elements [Formula: see text], for which there exists a non-trivial H-equation having g as a solution is precisely the disjoint union of the double cosets [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we present an algorithm which, given a finitely generated subgroup [Formula: see text] and an element [Formula: see text], computes a finite set of elements from [Formula: see text] (of the minimum possible cardinality) generating, as a normal subgroup, the “ideal” [Formula: see text] of all “polynomials” [Formula: see text], such that [Formula: see text]. The algorithms, as well as the proofs, are based on the graph-theoretic techniques introduced by Stallings and on the more classical combinatorial techniques of Nielsen transformations. The key notion here is that of dependence of an element [Formula: see text] on a subgroup H. We also study the corresponding notions of dependence sequence and dependence closure of a subgroup.
Effects of Imprecise Cognitive Biases and Free-Riding on the Pricing Decisions of Dual-Channel Supply Chain Members
Authors: Ganguly Sanchari , Das Pritha , Maiti Manoranjan
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, to cater the increasing green customers, firms have switched to green manufacturing. In a dual-channel green supply chain (DCGSC), customers experience products at offline stores and buy them online (free-riding). Often imprecise cognitive biases (“fairness concern” and “overconfidence”) are observed among the supply chain (SC) members. With these facts, this study introduces the free-riding and above cognitive biases in a DCGSC with a manufacturer selling a green product through own online and offline retail channels and examines their effects. A centralized and four decentralized models (for green and nongreen products) are formulated depending upon channel members’ cognitive biases individually and jointly with and without free-riding. The fuzzy objectives and constraints are made deterministic using expectation and possibility measures, respectively. Models are solved and illustrated numerically. The results indicate that free-riding is harmful and beneficial to retailer and manufacturer, respectively. Manufacturer’s overconfidence enhances the retailer’s profit but decreases or increases own profit depending upon the salvage value. Retailer’s fairness concern is catastrophic for manufacturer but beneficial for her. Product greening increases manufacturer’s profit than the carbon tax regulation for lower emissions. In addition to above observations, for maximum profit, management should not go for greening beyond an optimum level.
A Sparsely-Measured Fitting Method for Identifying the Coefficients in the Governing Equation of a Beam
Authors: He Yi , Yu Jie , Yang Judy P.
Published: April 2024

This study proposes a method for identifying the coefficients in the governing equation of a beam from the sparsely measured response of bridge displacement. The following three steps constitute the procedure: First, the full-field displacement is reconstructed by the compressive sensing theory, which is innovatively applied in the spatial domain with a proposed general basis matrix. Then, the reconstructed displacement is fitted by the B-spline surface basis functions, and the derived control points are further adopted to compute the derivatives of displacement. The genetic algorithm is finally applied to seek the coefficients of the governing equation by substituting the fitted response into the equation. The proposed method is validated numerically and experimentally, including a parametric study to evaluate the performance subjected to various practical conditions. The salient advantages of the proposed method lie in that it requires few sensors for measurement, and the derivatives of displacement are computed robustly.
Vibration Analysis of Power Law Functionally Graded Magneto-Electro-Elastic Plate
Authors: Ezzin Hamdi
Published: April 2024

Functionally-graded materials (FGMs) have great potential in many industry areas for the development of novel acoustic devices such as sensors, electromechanical transducers, actuators and filters. The study of the propagation of elastic waves is a primordial step for a number of such applications. In this study, the stiffness matrix method and the Stroh formalism with the formulation of Ingebrigsten and Tonning were used to establish the relationship between the stress and displacement from the top to the bottom of the fictive multilayer. A power-law inhomogeneity distribution is introduced in the mechanical tensor of the magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) composite. The obtained results indicate that the introduction of heterogeneity has a great influence on nondimensional frequency and modal shape. It is also found that the frequency vibration decreases with the increase in gradient coefficient [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, the metallization of the free surface (vanishing of electrical and magnetic potential) highly decreases the stress, especially in the median of the plate.
Model-Free Optimal Vibration Control of a Nonlinear System Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Jiang Jiyuan , Tang Jie , Zhao Kun , Li Meng , Li Yinghui , Cao Dengqing
Published: April 2024

Optimal control of nonlinear vibration requires precise knowledge of the system and the solution to Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. However, in practical engineering applications, acquiring precise system parameters poses challenges, and the analytical solutions for the HJB equation are difficult to obtain. In this paper, two reinforcement learning algorithms, Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm and Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm, are employed to train neural network-based optimal controllers for the van der Pol vibration system in the presence of unknown system parameters. To validate their performance, the controllers undergo testing in a series of experiments, including assessments of free vibration, frequency sweep excitation, and Gaussian noise excitation. The results indicate that both the TD3-trained and SAC-trained neural network-based controller are capable of proficiently suppress the vibration of the van der Pol oscillator. Additionally, these two model-free controllers can approximate the optimal control law which solved based on the dynamic model of the nonlinear system.
An isogeometric formulation for free vibration and buckling analyses of FG graphene platelets-reinforced porous beams based on a two-variable shear deformation theory
Authors: Mohammadi Hassan
Published: April 2024

The paper presents an isogeometric study for free vibration and buckling behaviors of functionally graded (FG) porous nanocomposite beams reinforced by graphene platelets (GPLs) based on a two-variable shear deformation theory. It is assumed that porosities are dispersed by symmetric and asymmetric models. Besides, GPLs are distributed along the beam thickness both uniformly and nonuniformly. Based on the closed-cell Gaussian random field model and the Halpin–Tsai micromechanical scheme, the mechanical properties of the porous nanocomposite beams are evaluated. In the presented theory, a nonlinear variation for the transverse shear stress across the beam thickness is considered which satisfies shear stress free surface condition. The governing equations are derived using the Hamilton’s principle and then discretized employing the isogeometric analysis (IGA) as an effective numerical method. It is shown that the proposed theory is very simple and efficient to analyze free vibration and buckling of the graphene platelet-reinforced porous composite (GPLRPC) beams.
Elastic, optoelectronic, and photocatalytic characteristics of semiconducting Cesium Niobium Oxide: First principles analysis
Authors: Nfissi A. , Ziati M. , Salmani E. , Ez-Zahraouy H.
Published: April 2024

The potential applications of the cubic phase of CsNbO3 perovskite have been explored by examining its elastic, electronic, and photocatalytic characteristics using a first-principles approach. The structural robustness when subjected to pressure has been verified by studying the computed elastic constants. Its substantial elastic moduli, hardness, and toughness values propose its suitability for various engineering applications. A transition from flexibility to fragility is observed at pressures exceeding 10[Formula: see text]GPa. The CsNbO3 material demonstrates an indirect and narrow band gap, making it a promising candidate in optoelectronic applications. Changes in the band gap due to pressure indicate adjustments in orbital hybridization. The material’s low effective carrier mass and high carrier mobility anticipate favorable electrical conductivity. Assessments of the potentials at the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) edges underscore the remarkable capacity of CsNbO3 for activities such as water-splitting and promoting sustainable energy production.
Efficient calculation of the number of partitions of the set {1,2,…,3n} into subsets {x,y,z} satisfying x+y=z
Authors: Hercher Christian , Niedermeyer Frank
Published: April 2024

Consider the set [Formula: see text]. We are interested in determining the number of partitions of this set into subsets of three elements each, where the sum of two of the elements equals the third. To achieve this, we provide a set of criteria that must be met by any valid partition. These criteria then can be used for efficient pruning in the search for these partitions. Specifically, we enumerate all such partitions for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and added these new terms to the series A108235 in the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences.
FDKT: Towards an Interpretable Deep Knowledge Tracing via Fuzzy Reasoning
Authors: Liu Fei , Bu Chenyang , Zhang Haotian , Wu Le , Yu Kui , Hu Xuegang
Published: April 2024

In educational data mining, knowledge tracing (KT) aims to model learning performance based on student knowledge mastery. Deep-learning-based KT models perform remarkably better than traditional KT and have attracted considerable attention. However, most of them lack interpretability, making it challenging to explain why the model performed well in the prediction. In this paper, we propose an interpretable deep KT model, referred to as fuzzy deep knowledge tracing (FDKT) via fuzzy reasoning. Specifically, we formalize continuous scores into several fuzzy scores using the fuzzification module. Then, we input the fuzzy scores into the fuzzy reasoning module (FRM). FRM is designed to deduce the current cognitive ability, based on which the future performance was predicted. FDKT greatly enhanced the intrinsic interpretability of deep-learning-based KT through the interpretation of the deduction of student cognition. Furthermore, it broadened the application of KT to continuous scores. Improved performance with regard to both the advantages of FDKT was demonstrated through comparisons with the state-of-the-art models.
A Human-Centered Power Conservation Framework Based on Reverse Auction Theory and Machine Learning
Authors: Casella Enrico , Silvestri Simone , Baker D. A. , Das Sajal K.
Published: April 2024

Extreme outside temperatures resulting from heat waves, winter storms, and similar weather-related events trigger the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, resulting in challenging, and potentially catastrophic, peak loads. As a consequence, such extreme outside temperatures put a strain on power grids and may thus lead to blackouts. To avoid the financial and personal repercussions of peak loads, demand response and power conservation represent promising solutions. Despite numerous efforts, it has been shown that the current state-of-the-art fails to consider (1) the complexity of human behavior when interacting with power conservation systems and (2) realistic home-level power dynamics. As a consequence, this leads to approaches that are (1) ineffective due to poor long-term user engagement and (2) too abstract to be used in real-world settings. In this article, we propose an auction theory-based power conservation framework for HVAC designed to address such individual human component through a three-fold approach:
personalized preferences
of power conservation,
models of realistic user behavior
, and
realistic home-level power dynamics
. In our framework, the System Operator sends Load Serving Entities (LSEs) the required power saving to tackle peak loads at the residential distribution feeder. Each LSE then prompts its users to provide
bids
, i.e.,
personalized preferences
of thermostat temperature adjustments, along with corresponding financial compensations. We employ
models of realistic user behavior
by means of online surveys to gather user bids and evaluate user interaction with such system.
Realistic home-level power dynamics
are implemented by our machine learning-based Power Saving Predictions (PSP) algorithm, calculating the individual power savings in each user’s home resulting from such bids. A machine learning-based PSPs algorithm is executed by the users’ Smart Energy Management System (SEMS). PSP translates temperature adjustments into the corresponding power savings. Then, the SEMS sends bids back to the LSE, which selects the auction winners through an optimization problem called POwer Conservation Optimization (POCO). We prove that POCO is NP-hard, and thus provide two approaches to solve this problem. One approach is an optimal pseudo-polynomial algorithm called DYnamic programming Power Saving (DYPS), while the second is a heuristic polynomial time algorithm called Greedy Ranking AllocatioN (GRAN). EnergyPlus, the high-fidelity and gold-standard energy simulator funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, was used to validate our experiments, as well as to collect data to train PSP. We further evaluate the results of the auctions across several scenarios, showing that, as expected, DYPS finds the optimal solution, while GRAN outperforms recent state-of-the-art approaches.
Review—Recent Progress of Lithium-Rich Cation Disordered Rocksalt Cathode for High Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jiashuai , Wang Zhaokun , Shi Haofeng , Wang Chengdeng , Wang Zhi , Gao Yan , Bai Zhiming , Yan Xiaoqin
Published: April 2024

The growing demand for energy storage application has facilitated the development of Li-ion rechargeable batteries (LIBs). As such, there is an urgent need to design electrodes with a high specific energy and long cycle life. The evolution of conventional LIBs cathode materials in past 30 years has arrived at a bottleneck. Fortunately, the finding of the lithium-rich cation disordered rocksalt (DRXs) has largely broadened the element ranges of the promising cathode in the past several years. Compared with the classical cation-ordered oxides, the DRXs display a large charge storage capacity based on both transition metal and oxygen redox capacity. In addition, their wide compositional space and cobalt-free characteristic would greatly reduce production costs in promoting the commercialization process. Herein, we make an overview of the recent progress for DRXs materials, in terms of their compositions and structure, Li diffusion, charge storage mechanisms, and different redox centra-based system. The key challenges to practical application are also discussed. Last but not least, in order to design high-performance DRXs, we outlined perspectives in developing DRXs for the next generation of LIB cathodes.
Green Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Lignin Extracted from Phoenix Dactylifera Seed: Application as Electrochemical Sensor for the Monitoring of Ornidazole
Authors: Ettadili F. E. , Benkayda W. , Aghris S. , Laghrib F. , Farahi A. , Saqrane S. , Bakasse M. , Lahrich S. , El Mhammedi M. A.
Published: April 2024

Lignin is the second most common biopolymer after cellulose and the most-available renewable source of aromatic groups in nature. The alkaline method was used to extract lignin from Phoenix dactylifera seeds powder. The current research aims to use extracted lignin as a reducing and stabilizing agent for ecofriendly manufacturing of silver nanoparticles (Lig-AgNPs). The prepared Lig-AgNPs were characterized by UV–vis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis techniques. Moreover, they were further used to modify the surface of a carbon paste electrode (CPE), and the resulting modified electrode (Lig-AgNPs/CPE) was applied for electrochemical detection of ornidazole (ODZ) according to optimum square wave voltammetry conditions. The prepared sensor Lig-AgNPs/CPE was able to identify ODZ (at BR buffer pH 2.3) in a linear range between 8.0 × 10−6 and 1.0 × 10−3 M, with DL of 0.362 μM and QL equal 1.21 μM, the acquired RSD was 3%. Additionally, the developed electrode Lig-AgNPs/CPE was successfully applied to detect ODZ in commercial milk, river water, and tap water with agreeable results.
On the Proper Use of a Warburg Impedance
Authors: Orazem Mark E. , Ulgut Burak
Published: April 2024

Recent battery papers commonly employ interpretation models for which diffusion impedances are in series with interfacial impedance. The models are fundamentally flawed because the diffusion impedance is inherently part of the interfacial impedance. A derivation for faradaic impedance is presented which shows how the charge-transfer resistance and diffusion resistance are functions of the concentration of reacting species at the electrode surface, and the resulting impedance model incorporates diffusion impedances as part of the interfacial impedance. Conditions are identified under which the two model formulations yield the same results. These conditions do not apply for batteries.
Correlating Mn Dissolution and Capacity Fade in LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/Graphite Cells During Cycling and Storage at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Leslie Kate , Harlow Jessie , Rathore Divya , Tuul Kenneth , Metzger Michael
Published: April 2024

LiMnxFe1−xPO4 is a promising positive electrode material for Li-ion batteries. In order to understand the failure mechanisms of this material, LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/graphite pouch cells were cycled at 40 or 55 °C over three voltage ranges: 2.5–3.6 V (Fe plateau), 3.6–4.2 V (Mn plateau), and 2.5–4.2 V (full voltage range). Cells cycled at higher temperature and over the full voltage range had the highest capacity fade. Differential voltage analysis showed that cells cycled over the Mn plateau and full voltage range had the highest Li inventory loss, and there was no active mass loss in any of the cells. Micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy showed that cells with higher levels of Mn deposition on the negative electrode had higher Li inventory loss. Constant voltage storage experiments at 55 °C showed rapid capacity loss for cells held at top of charge. Despite having similar Li inventory loss trends to the cycled cells, there was less Mn deposition on the negative electrodes. Thus, the capacity fade mechanisms are different for cells that undergo cycling and storage.
Reusable Cell Design for High-Temperature (600 °C) Liquid Metal Battery Cycling
Authors: Sarma Martins , Lee Juhan , Nash William , Lappan Tobias , Shevchenko Natalia , Landgraf Steffen , Monrrabal Gleidys , Trtik Pavel , Weber Norbert , Weier Tom
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the cycling of a novel low-cost Na-Zn liquid metal battery. Its 600 °C operating temperature presents multiple challenges that must be overcome to achieve commercial viability, both from a structural and electrochemical perspective. To enable long-term cycling of the Na-Zn battery in a realistic environment, we have developed a reusable, hermetically sealed, high temperature and sufficiently corrosion resistant cell concept. The design as well as various approaches for assembling and filling the cell are presented. The factors considered when selecting specific components are documented and explained. The active volume of the cell design can be up to 40 ml, corresponding to a nominal capacity of 1 A h, while the entire cell body weighs around 800 g and costs approximately €200 ($215). The performance of the cell is demonstrated in terms of longevity (1000 h) and high discharge current density (100 mA cm-2). The manuscript not only presents the first long-term cycling performance of the novel Na-Zn chemistry achieving Coulombic efficiency of up to 80%, but also demonstrates the design’s versatility with in situ dynamic neutron radiography of the cell.
Cardioprotective response and senescence in aged sEH null female mice exposed to LPS
Authors: Yousef Ala , Sosnowski Deanna K. , Fang Liye , Legaspi Renald James , Korodimas Jacob , Lee Andy , Magor Katharine E. , Seubert John M.
Published: April 2024

Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an essential enzyme for converting epoxy fatty acids to their less bioactive diols. Our study suggests deletion or inhibition of sEH impacts the aging process in the hearts of female mice resulting in cardioprotection. Data indicate targeting sEH limits inflammation, preserves mitochondria, and alters cellular senescence in the aged female heart.
Electron Transport Properties of Eu(Cu1 − xAgx)2Si2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1): Initiation of Transition Eu2+ ↔ Eu2.41+ in the Intermediate Valence State
Authors: Kuzhel B. , Belan B. , Gladyshevskii R. , Noga H. , Shcherba I. , Serkiz R.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of studies of the chemical composition, crystal structure, lattice parameters, microstructure, the valence state of the europium ion (at 300 K), electrical resistivity, and differential thermopower (6–400 K) of samples in the Eu(Cu1 − xAgx)2Si2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) substitutional solid solutions. A transition of the europium ion from the valence-stable state of Eu2+ in EuAg2Si2 to the state of intermediate (homogeneous) valence (IV) of the europium ion in EuCu2Si2 with an effective valence ϑeff = 2.41 (300 K) has been initiated by a successive replacement of silver atoms by copper atoms. With appropriate sample compositions, the transition passes through a Kondo-type state. The research subject is the patterns of transformations (when the composition of the sample changes), the electronic state, and, accordingly, the electronic transport properties. The simultaneous coexistence of europium ions in different electronic states is assumed. The substitutional solid solution Eu(Cu1 − xAgx)2Si2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) exhibits properties related to the competition between the state of the Kondo system, intermediate valence (IV), and magnetic ordering.
Redefined Quintic B-Spline Collocation Method to Solve the Time-Fractional Whitham-Broer-Kaup Equations
Authors: Hadhoud Adel R. , Rageh Abdulqawi A. M.
Published: April 2024

This article proposes a collocation approach based on a redefined quintic B-spline basis for solving the time-fractional Whitham-Broer-Kaup equations. The presented method involves discretizing the time-fractional derivatives using an L1-approximation scheme and then approximating the spatial derivatives using the redefined quintic B-spline basis. The von Neumann technique has been used to demonstrate that the proposed method is unconditionally stable. The error estimates are discussed and show that the proposed method is third-order convergent. The results demonstrate the potential of the proposed method as a reliable tool for solving fractional differential equations.
Existential Advocacy in Nursing Care: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Grant Julie B. , Reed Sean M.
Published: April 2024

As modern nursing advances at an astounding rate, existential advocacy (EA) is vital for delivering patient care in line with wellness goals and personal values. This concept analysis aims to define EA within the context of nursing and align the concept with Jean Watson’s Unitary Caring Science (UCS) and her 10 Caritas Processes. A comprehensive literature search identified 12 relevant publications from the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and CINAHL. Subsequently, utilizing Walker and Avant’s method for concept analysis, a standardized structure to identify EA’s defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents emerged. Antecedents for EA are patient vulnerability, nurse-patient rapport, nurse autonomy to act as an advocate, and patient request for advocacy. Defining attributes of EA include the following: supporting patient self-determination, caring-trusting nurse-patient relationship, promoting individualized meaning of health and wellness, and encouraging values-based problem-solving. The optimal consequence of EA is patients’ awareness of their current health status, leading to individualized care and decision-making based on a patient’s values. EA is a nurse’s effort to support and promote their patients’ right to self-determination by helping them discern their holistic health and wellness situation and then clarify their values within that reality. Watson’s UCS and 10 Caritas Processes align with EA to facilitate nurse-patient transpersonal caring occasions. EA explicates the care and advocacy nurses provide into a defined concept while highlighting nurses’ essential role in patients’ physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. With EA better defined, the concept can be assessed, measured, and implemented within the discipline of nursing.
IRX4204 Induces Senescence and Cell Death in HER2-positive Breast Cancer and Synergizes with Anti-HER2 Therapy
Authors: Moyer Cassandra L. , Lanier Amanda , Qian Jing , Coleman Darian , Hill Jamal , Vuligonda Vidyasagar , Sanders Martin E. , Mazumdar Abhijit , Brown Powel H.
Published: April 2024

Purpose:

Rexinoids, agonists of nuclear retinoid X receptor (RXR), have been used for the treatment of cancers and are well tolerated in both animals and humans. However, the usefulness of rexinoids in treatment of breast cancer remains unknown. This study examines the efficacy of IRX4204, a highly specific rexinoid, in breast cancer cell lines and preclinical models to identify a biomarker for response and potential mechanism of action.

Experimental Design:

IRX4204 effects on breast cancer cell growth and viability were determined using cell lines, syngeneic mouse models, and primary patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors. In vitro assays of cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence, and lipid metabolism were used to uncover a potential mechanism of action. Standard anti-HER2 therapies were screened in combination with IRX4204 on a panel of breast cancer cell lines to determine drug synergy.

Results:

IRX4204 significantly inhibits the growth of HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines, including trastuzumab and lapatinib–resistant JIMT-1 and HCC1954. Treatment with IRX4204 reduced tumor growth rate in the MMTV-ErbB2 mouse and HER2-positive PDX model by 49% and 44%, respectively. Mechanistic studies revealed IRX4204 modulates lipid metabolism and induces senescence of HER2-positive cells. In addition, IRX4204 demonstrates additivity and synergy with HER2-targeted mAbs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antibody–drug conjugates.

Conclusions:

These findings identify HER2 as a biomarker for IRX4204 treatment response and demonstrate a novel use of RXR agonists to synergize with current anti-HER2 therapies. Furthermore, our results suggest that RXR agonists can be useful for the treatment of anti-HER2 resistant and metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer.
Abstract LB084: Radiation and anti-PD-L1 synergize by stimulating a stem-like T cell population in the tumor-draining lymph node
Authors: Shen Yang , Connolly Erin , Aiello Meili , Zhou Chengjing , Song Haorui , Clark Tarralyn , Tippitak Patan , Lesinski Gregory B. , Paulos Chrystal , Schmitt Nikki , Buchwald Zachary S.
Published: April 2024

Radiotherapy (RT) and anti-PD-L1 synergize to enhance local and distant (abscopal) tumor control. However, clinical results in humans have been variable. With the goal of improving clinical outcomes, we investigated the underlying synergistic mechanism focusing on a TCF-1+ PD-1+ CD8+ stem-like T cell subset in the tumor-draining lymph node (TdLN). We found that RT + anti-PD-L1 induces a novel differentiation program in the TdLN stem-like population which leads to their expansion and differentiation into effector cells within the tumor. We also found that optimal synergy between RT + anti-PD-L1 is dependent on the TdLN stem-like T cell population as either blockade of TdLN egress or specific stem-like T cell depletion reduced tumor control. Together, these data demonstrate a multistep stimulation of stem-like T cells following combination therapy which is initiated in the TdLN and completed in the tumor.

Citation Format: Yang Shen, Erin Connolly, Meili Aiello, Chengjing Zhou, Haorui Song, Tarralyn Clark, Patan Tippitak, Gregory B. Lesinski, Chrystal Paulos, Nikki Schmitt, Zachary S. Buchwald. Radiation and anti-PD-L1 synergize by stimulating a stem-like T cell population in the tumor-draining lymph node [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB084.
Abstract LB126: Generation of a novel ROR1 x CD3 bispecific T-cell engager for better tumor killing and minimal cytokine release
Authors: Wu Danqing , Gong Shiyong , Wu Xuan , Naren Gaowa , Dong Liqin , Lensky Stephan , Wu Chengbin
Published: April 2024

Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) expression is a highly specific tumor associated antigen expressed in multiple hematological malignancies and solid tumors. EMB-07 is a novel monovalent asymmetrical tandem Fab (MAT-Fab) antibody composed of two different Fab fragments targeting ROR1 and CD3ε respectively, and a “knob-in-hole” Fc fragment maintaining FcRn binding and Ig-like pharmacokinetics in vivo. To avoid light chain miss-pairing, the anti-ROR1 light chain was directly connected to the N-terminus of the anti-CD3 heavy chain. The ROR1 binding arm has a high affinity of 0.52 nM and recognizes a membrane distal epitope, which is different from a reference BiTE molecule currently in clinical trial. In comparison with this BiTE molecule, EMB-07 showed similar tumor killing efficacy to ROR1 expressing tumor cell lines while it induced much lower levels of cytokines both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, comparing with a clinical stage ROR1-vc-MMAE ADC, EMB-07 demonstrated ~500-fold increased tumor lysis potency in vitro. In PD-1 resistant tumor xenograft mice models, EMB-07 showed potent tumor growth inhibition and synergistic activity in combination with PD-1 blockade. In a preclinical GLP toxicological study, EMB-07 was well tolerated in cynomolgus monkeys with no evidence of lethality, life-threatening toxicity, or obvious EMB-07-related macroscopic and histopathological adverse findings up to 50 mg/kg. By using a highly specific IHC clone, we validated membrane-associated ROR1 expression in multiple tumor types, including triple negative breast cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, and pancreatic cancer, while the observation of its expression in normal tissues is very limited. This study supports the clinical development of EMB-07 for treating multiple solid tumors with ROR1 expression. A FIH study of EMB-07 in locally advanced/metastatic solid tumors or relapse/refractory lymphoma is currently ongoing (NCT05607498).

Citation Format: Danqing Wu, Shiyong Gong, Xuan Wu, Gaowa Naren, Liqin Dong, Stephan Lensky, Chengbin Wu. Generation of a novel ROR1 x CD3 bispecific T-cell engager for better tumor killing and minimal cytokine release [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB126.
Abstract LB150: The effect of a technology-based intervention on various needs for help among Asian American breast cancer survivors
Authors: Im Eun-Ok , Chee Wonshik ,   TICAA Research Team
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Asian American breast cancer survivors reportedly have high needs for help during their cancer survivorship process. Especially, the recent COVID19 pandemic with Anti-Asian racism exacerbated their situation with lack of information and support. To address their needs for help, there is a clear necessity for an innovative method of delivering information and coaching/support mainly due to their cultural stigma attached to breast cancer. A technology-based approach would work well for this specific population because of non-face-to-face interactions. Thus, a technology-based information and coaching/support program was developed based on the Bandura’s self-efficacy theory and pilot-tested among this specific population. In this study, the effect of the technology-based program was examined on various needs for help among a larger group of Asian American breast cancer survivors.

Methods: This study used a randomized clinical trial design with repeated measures. The study included 199 participants who were recruited through both online and offline communities/groups for Asian Americans. With multiple measurement scales related to background characteristics and theory-based mediators, the Support Care Needs Survey-34 Short Form (SCNS) was used to measure various needs for help. The SCNS included five subscales on psychological, information, physical, support, and communication needs. Data were analyzed using an intent-to-treat approach and mediation analyses.

Results: All types of needs except support needs decreased over time (p < .001). However, there were no significant group * time effects. Among all the theory-based mediators, only social support significantly mediated the effects of the program on psychological, information, and support needs at the pre-test and the post-1 month.

Conclusions: This study supported significant effects of the technology-based program on various needs for help among Asian American breast cancer survivors. Future research needs to be conducted with other racial/ethnic minority groups of cancer survivors to confirm the findings reported in this presentation.

Citation Format: Eun-Ok Im, Wonshik Chee, TICAA Research Team. The effect of a technology-based intervention on various needs for help among Asian American breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB150.
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Cognitive Function in Older Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Sijia , Tang Ying , Zhou You , Ni Yunxia
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has shown benefits for cognitive function in older adults. However, the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive function in older adults are inconsistent across studies, and the evidence for tDCS has limitations. We aim to explore whether tDCS can improve cognitive function and different cognitive domains (i.e., learning and memory and executive function) in adults aged 65 years and older with and without mild cognitive impairment and to further analyze the influencing factors of tDCS. Methods: Five English databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, the cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature [CINAHL]) and four Chinese databases were searched from inception to October 14, 2023. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were completed independently by two reviewers. All statistical analyses were conducted using RevMan software (version 5.3). Standardized mean difference (SMD) along with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to express the effect size of the outcomes, and a random-effect model was also used. Results: A total of 10 RCTs and 1,761 participants were included in the meta-analysis, and the risk of bias in those studies was relatively low. A significant effect favoring tDCS on immediate postintervention cognitive function (SMD = 0.16, Z = 2.36, p = 0.02) was found. However, the effects on immediate postintervention learning and memory (SMD = 0.20, Z = 2.00, p = 0.05) and executive function (SMD = 0.10, Z = 1.22, p = 0.22), and 1-month postintervention cognitive function (SMD = 0.12, Z = 1.50, p = 0.13), learning and memory (SMD = 0.17, Z = 1.39, p = 0.16), and executive function (SMD = 0.08, Z = 0.67, p = 0.51) were not statistically significant. Conclusion: tDCS can significantly improve the immediate postintervention cognitive function of healthy older adults and MCI elderly individuals. Additional longitudinal extensive sample studies are required to clarify the specific effects of tDCS on different cognitive domains, and the optimal tDCS parameters need to be explored to guide clinical practice.
Body Mass Index and Outcomes in Patients with Takotsubo Syndrome: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Isogai Toshiaki , Okada Akira , Morita Kojiro , Michihata Nobuaki , Makito Kanako , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: April 2024

Background: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a cardiac disorder that mimics acute coronary syndrome at presentation. While previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between body mass index (BMI) and outcomes in acute coronary syndrome, few have examined its relationship with TTS. Methods: Using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, we retrospectively identified 14,551 patients admitted for TTS between 2010 and 2021. By applying multivariable regressions with restricted cubic splines, we examined the association between BMI and in-hospital mortality after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Mean BMI was 21.1 kg/m2, classifying patients into severe underweight (<16.0 kg/m2, 7.1%), mild/moderate underweight (16.0–18.4 kg/m2, 18.3%), normal weight (18.5–22.9 kg/m2, 46.8%), overweight (23.0–27.4 kg/m2, 22.2%), and obese (≥27.5 kg/m2, 5.6%) groups. Patients with severe or mild/moderate underweight were older and had a higher prevalence of impaired physical activity, malignancy, chronic pulmonary disease, and pneumonia. In-hospital mortality was the highest (9.4%) in the severe underweight group, followed by the mild/moderate underweight group (5.4%), with the lowest being in the obese group (2.1%). Severe underweight (adjusted odds ratio = 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54–2.73) and mild/moderate underweight (1.26; 95% CI = 1.01–1.57) were significantly associated with higher mortality compared with normal weight, while no significant association was noted with obesity. A nonlinear association between continuous BMI and mortality was observed, with mortality increasing when BMI decreased <20.0 kg/m2 but nearly plateauing in BMI >20.0 kg/m2. Conclusions: The present nationwide analysis demonstrated a nonlinear association between BMI and in-hospital mortality of TTS. BMI is an easily available and clinically relevant marker for the risk stratification of TTS.