bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Lahiri and Sieve Sampling With Traditional MUS Methods
Authors: Horgan Jane M.
Published: April 2022

Lahiri sampling - which has not so far been used in auditing - and sieve sampling - which is relatively new - are compared with unrestricted random, systematic and cell sampling of monetary units, which have been in use for some time. Comparisons are carried out using the Stringer, cell and moment bounds by means of a simulation study based on two actual accounting populations with a realistic range of error rates and amounts. The results show that substantial gains in the precision of the bounds occur with systematic, cell and sieve sampling relative to both unrestricted random and Lahiri sampling in populations with large line items; the resultant decrease in the sample size is illustrated by the design effect. Reliability and tightness of the bounds are unaffected by the method of selection. Relative advantages of the schemes are discussed.
Discounting: Its Role in Financial Reporting
Authors: Kirk Robert J.
Published: April 2022

A number of recent accounting standards and discussion papers have implemented or discussed the process of discounting as part of the regulatory framework. The paper asserts that this has resulted in the piecemeal implementation of an interesting new measurement technique in financial reporting. It contends that the Accounting Standards Board should have examined the considerable body of research already published on the subject so as to ensure consistent application of the underlying concept and to conform with the ASB ’s own draft Statement of Principles. The paper then explores current practice in the United Kingdom/Ireland together with comparative practice in the United States to illustrate the divergences that currently exist and to suggest a possible framework for a future statement of best practice on the issue.
The Coming Confrontation on International Accounting Standards
Authors: Zeff Stephen A.
Published: April 2022

In 1999, the US Securities and Exchange Commission will begin a momentous process of judging the acceptability of the core standards promulgated by the International Accounting Standards Committee. It is the aim ofthis paper to review the major developments relating to the IASC’s Comparability/Improvements Project (which evolved into its core standards project) and to anticipate the process that the SEC is likely to adopt when deciding on whether, and to what extent, the IASC’s standards may be used byforeign companies listed in the US.
A Longitudinal Study of the Use of Performance Measures in the Annual Reports of UK Executive Agencies
Authors: Hyndman Noel , Anderson Robert
Published: April 2022

The way in which central government services are delivered in the UK has changed significantly in the last nine years. Executive Agencies have been established and an emphasis placed on the need to develop performance measurement systems. This paper discusses the importance ofperformance information and, through a longitudinal study of annual reports, examines changes over time. The paper highlights an increasing use of performance information in external reporting and a shift in emphasis towards the use of effectiveness measures based on quality targets.
Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 in Scotland - Population-based seroprevalence surveillance 27 April 2022
Authors:   Public Health Scotland
Published: April 2022

The serology work stream aims to estimate the proportion of people who have antibodies to coronavirus ("seroprevalence") in the general population of Scotland and to see if this changes over time.
COVID-19 statistical report - 27 April 2022
Authors:   Public Health Scotland
Published: April 2022

This weekly release by Public Health Scotland presents data on COVID-19 across NHS Scotland.
Evaluation of the Advanced Erosion Impacts on the Medium Motion Inside а Microelectrode
Authors:   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russian Federation, Deeva V. S. , Slobodyan S. M. ,   Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

The impact of the inside erosion of a microelectrode on the cooling medium motion is considered in the paper. Taking into account the equation of continuity for a fluid flow inside the microelectrode cannel, the analytical relation between the pressure gradient flow and the number of defects (holes and cavities) of the internal cooling surface is received. Driven by this ratio, the method of a early detection of the defect nucleation and the defect dynamics inside the microelectrode cannel is proposed, and a simple analytical motion model for the cooling medium is build. The motion variables are evaluated, and an effective way to remove the soil particles from the erosion area by a medium flowing is offer. The findings are in good agreement with the studies elsewhere and experimental data of other researchers.
Influence of the Volume of a Cylindrical Discharge Chamber with Rigid Walls on the Pressure Field in the Water Filling It
Authors:   Institute of Pulse Processes and Technologies, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kosenkov V. M.
Published: April 2022

The volume of the discharge chamber has a great influence on the pressure field in the water filling it and on the efficiency of many technological processes; therefore, the study of the relationship between the volume of the chamber and the pressure in it is an urgent task. However, at present, the role of the volume of the discharge chamber in the formation of the pressure field in it has been insufficiently studied. The purpose of this work is to fill the gap. The study was carried out on the base of a previously developed mathematical model of an electric discharge in water, the adequacy of which was substantiated via a comparison of the simulation results with experimental data. It is determined that the closed volume of the discharge chamber with rigid walls significantly affects the formation of the pressure field in the water filling it. In this case, the interaction of waves reflected from the walls of the discharge chamber with the surface of the discharge channel in water and the vapor-gas cavity is of decisive importance. The reflected waves determine the period and amplitude of the pulsation of the discharge channel and the vapor-gas cavity, thereby influencing the electrical characteristics of the discharge. This influence increases with decreasing the chamber volume.
Nexus between Exchange Rate Fluctuation and Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria
Authors: A.E. Adegoriola , S.C. Emmanuel
Published: April 2022

This study examined the nexus between exchange rate fluctuation and foreign direct investment in Nigeria from 1986 to 2020. The research was conducted using relevant econometric tools which include unit root test, co-integration test and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results of ADF unit root test revealed that only interest rate is stationary at level while exchange rate, foreign direct investment, gross capital formation and inflation rate became stationary at first deference. The bounds test showed that there is a long run relationship between the foreign direct investment inflows, interest rate, exchange rate, gross capital formation and trade openness in Nigeria. The findings revealed a negative relationship between exchange rate and foreign direct investment in Nigeria and all the lagged value of exchange rate are statistical significant at 5% level of significant, which an indication of exchange rate importance on foreign direct investment inflows into Nigeria to a two standard error shock of exchange rate showed that exchange rate effect on foreign direct investment is persistence and significantly positive over the a period of up to 8 years after the shock. The exchange rate, though relatively stable, has a profound effect on foreign direct investment in Nigeria. The study recommended that given the perceived over-valued naira, a deliberate effort toward revaluation of the naira to reflect the true value of dollar to naira exchange rate will obviously increase the exchange rate and as such makes it cheaper to invest in Nigeria by foreign businesses.
KAMU KESİMİ BÜYÜKLÜĞÜ VE KAPSAYICI BÜYÜME İLİŞKİSİ: YÜKSELEN PİYASA EKONOMİLERİ ÜZERİNE EKONOMETRİK BİR ÇALIŞMA
Authors: KEYİFLİ Nazlı , KARAKURT Birol , ŞENTÜRK Suat Hayri
Published: April 2022

Yaşanan her ekonomik büyümenin gelir eşitsizliği, işsizlik ve yoksulluğu azaltmada yeterli olamayışı ve büyümenin ortaya çıkardığı fayda ve fırsatlardan her hanenin fayda sağlayamaması ilgiyi ekonomik büyümeden kapsayıcı büyümeye çevirmiştir. Kapsayıcı büyüme, ekonomik büyümenin yanı sıra sürdürülebilir büyüme ve kalkınma, eğitim ve sağlık hizmetlerinin niteliği ve bu hizmetlere erişilebilirliği, gelir ve cinsiyet eşitsizlikleri,yoksulluk ve işsizlik sorunlarıyla mücadele, altyapı, çevre gibi alanlarla ilgilenen çok boyutlu bir yapıya sahiptir. Ekonomik büyümenin hızı ve dağılımını ifade eden ve ekonomik büyümenin yarattığı fırsatlardan toplumun tüm kesimlerinin faydalanmasını amaçlayan kapsayıcı büyümeye yönelik politika uygulamaları tüm dünyada artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yükselen piyasa ekonomileri olarak adlandırılan sekiz büyük gelişmekte olan piyasa ekonomisi (Arjantin, Çin, Brezilya, Hindistan, Meksika, Endonezya, Türkiye ve Güney Afrika) özelinde kapsayıcı büyüme ve kamu kesimi büyüklüğü ilişkisi 1985-2019 dönemi için yeni bir metodoloji olan Bootstrap Panel Rolling Window nedensellik yaklaşımı kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, Hindistan, Endonezya, Meksika ve Güney Afrika’da kapsayıcı büyümenin kamu kesimi büyüklüğüne, Türkiye’de ise kamu kesimi büyüklüğünün kapsayıcı büyümeye neden olduğunu göstermektedir.
Aprendizaje de inglés por competencias, ¿una educación instrumental y acrítica?
Authors: Gallardo-Bonilla Mario Alberto
Published: April 2022

Currently, education is focused on productivity,

and because of this, an instrumentalist and mechanized

instruction based on the skills to solve certain problems

has been consolidated. The teaching-learning process

of a second language does not fall outside this

structure. For purposes related to the analysis of the

phenomenon, a methodology consisting of a qualitative

model along an ethnographic method was used –both

approaches allowed us to understand the worldview of

the student body. The first technique was the problem

case, in which an experience was presented to link the

participants with a specific contextual situation, as well

as an interview, which ratified information related to

personal life, likes, anxieties, fears. The perceptions

of the student body were thoroughly examined;

the main problems presented in moments of direct

communicative interaction were understood, and the

students answered a flexible form questionnaire with

both a quantitative and qualitative perspective (Gento

& Sánchez, 2009). Despite being awarded a B2 level

by the Common European Framework of Reference

(CEFR), the students showed limitations in establishing

effective communicative acts in a second language;

they did not recognize their learning process with

a social and dynamic sense, but in an artificial and

mechanized one.
Pelayanan Masyarakat Pengobatan Gratis dan Edukasi Kehidupan di Masa Kenormalan Baru, Tanjung Uban, Kabupaten Bintan
Authors: Marisi Candra Gunawan , Hutagalung Sabar Manahan , Simanjuntak Tiurma Basa Marina , Deo Purba , Dongoran Evans Dusep
Published: April 2022

Extreme weather changes have caused several complaints of health problems such as fever, flu, cough, and fever, with the pandemic condition still in Bintan making the congregation and residents reluctant to seek treatment at the hospital. STT Real and local church GBI My Home Tanjung Uban in collaboration with the klinik rumah sehat Bethel held a social service for free medical treatment as a form of community service. This paper was carried out using a qualitative method, namely collecting data through observation and interviews with residents so that data was collected and it was decided to do community service. This activity has succeeded in providing education that is much needed by the community and is carried out at the right time as needed. The community enthusiastically received free medical treatment, nutritional health consultation, dental health consultation, mental and mental health consultation during the new normal, and even received education on managing distance education, which requires children to learn from home.Keywords: education; free treatment; social service; pandemic; real care AbstrakPerubahan cuaca yang ekstrim menimbulkan beberapa keluhan gangguan kesehatan seperti demam, flu, batuk dan meriang, dengan kondisi pandemi yang masih ada di Bintan membuat jemaat dan warga enggan untuk berobat puskesmas atau rumah sakit. Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Real Batam dan gereja lokal Gereja Bethel di Indonesia (GBI) My Home Tanjung Uban bekerjasama dengan klinik rumah sehat Bethel mengadakan bakti sosial pengobatan gratis sebagai bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PkM). Tulisan ini dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif, yakni mengumpulkan data melalui observasi dan wawancara kepada warga sehingga terkumpul data dan diputuskan untuk melakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Kegiatan ini telah berhasil memberikan edukasi yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat dan dilakukan di waktu yang tepat sesuai kebutuhan. Masyarakat dengan antusias menerima pengobatan gratis, konsultasi kesehatan gizi, konsultasi kesehatan gigi, konsultasi kesehatan mental, dan kejiawaan di masa kenormalan baru bahkan mendapatkan edukasi mengelola pendidikan jarak jauh yang mengharuskan anak belajar dari rumah.Kata kunci: bakti sosial; edukasi; pandemi; pengobatan gratis; real care
Pendampingan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen Melalui Mewarnai Gambar Cerita Alkitab sebagai Upaya Penguatan Iman bagi Peserta Didik PAUD Menara Terang Kota
Authors: Ritonga Nova , Yunip Mathan , Marbun Saedo
Published: April 2022

Children are gifts that must be educated with faith in God. At their young age, children are not yet able to distinguish between good and bad, so they are easily influenced and cannot give an answer if someone asks about their faith. Current technological developments affect children's interest in learning. One of them, there are spectacles that are not educational so that it affects the personality of children. For this reason, an effort is needed to instill faith in children so that they can have a growing and solid faith. This Community Service (PkM) activity aims to provide faith strengthening for PAUD Menara Terang Pulung Kencana students through mentoring in Christian Religious Education. This activity was carried out using the coloring method of Bible stories in collaboration with the storytelling method. Coloring pictures can make PAUD students excited, making it easier for them to understand and remember what they are learning. Throughout the activity, the PkM team observed that the children were very enthusiastic about participating in the event from beginning to end. When finished coloring the children can tell what they colored. This shows that this activity can strengthen children's faith.Keywords: bible; children; faith; learning; Christian education; strengthening AbstrakAnak adalah anugerah yang harus dididik dengan iman kepada Allah. Di usia mereka yang masih belia, anak belum dapat membedakan mana yang baik dan mana yang buruk, sehingga mudah terpengaruh dan belum dapat memberi jawab jika ada orang yang bertanya tentang imannya. Perkembangan teknologi saat ini, mempengaruhi minat anak-anak dalam belajar. Salah satunya, adanya tontonan-tontonan yang tidak mendidik sehingga mempengaruhi keperibadian anak-anak. Untuk itu, diperlukan satu upaya untuk menanamkan iman kepada anak-anak agar mereka dapat memiliki iman yang bertumbuh dan kokoh. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penguatan iman kepada peserta didik PAUD Menara Terang Kota Pulung Kencana melalui pendampingan pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode mewarnai gambar cerita Alkitab yang dikolaborasikan dengan metode bercerita. Kegiatan mewarnai gambar mampu membuat peserta didik PAUD bersemangat, mempermudah mereka memahami dan mengingat apa yang sedang dipelajari. Sepanjang kegiatan berlangsung, tim PkM mengamati bahwa anak-anak sangat antusias mengikuti acara dari awal sampai akhir. Setelah selesai mewarnai anak-anak dapat menceritakan apa yang mereka warnai. Ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan ini dapat memberi penguatan iman kepada anak-anak.Kata kunci: alkitab; anak-anak; iman; pembelajaran; pendidikan agama Kristen; penguatan
Carnavalização no conto “Da Paz”, de Marcelino Freire
Authors: Silva Josivaldo Custódio da , Silva Jaciene Dias da
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o conto “Da Paz”, de Marcelino Freire, que mostra de maneira carnavalizada a revolta da personagem em relação à paz. Como referencial teórico para alicerçar este trabalho foram utilizados os fundamentos da carnavalização postulados por Bakhtin (1997; 2013). Para aprofundar essa pesquisa utilizamos os estudos críticos de Discini (2006), Fiorin (2006) e Soares (1993) sobre os aspectos da carnavalização. No decorrer de todo o conto foi possível confirmar há o uso da estética carnavalizada, na qual encontramos a ambivalência de ideias, os lados positivos e negativos se mostram constantes a todo o momento. O lado positivo mostra a liberdade discursiva da personagem em opinar abertamente sobre qual é seu ponto de vista sobre a paz. O lado negativo apresenta a paz de maneira grotesca e irônica. Portanto, o conto apresenta um discurso carnavalizado sobre a paz, contrariando assim a ordem social e moral, como também mostra uma visão ambivalente do mundo, revelando um valor destrutivo, degenerador, mas também regenerador, ou seja, ao mesmo tempo nega e afirma a verdadeira essência da paz.
Avaliação das condições higiênico-sanitárias dos mercados públicos de um município do Estado do Maranhão
Authors: Rêgo Márcia da Conceição , Barros Lennon da Silva , Da Silva Cleudilene Gomes , Fahd Júnior Cesário Jorge , Lima Simone Kelly Rodrigues
Published: April 2022

A maioria dos casos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos têm origem na manipulação inadequada, nos processos de produção de matéria-prima, nos fatores ambientais e nas propriedades e condições dos equipamentos utilizados no processo e nas condições técnicas de higienização. O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar as condições higiênico-sanitárias dos mercados públicos de um municío do estado do Maranhão. Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, qualitativo, de temporalidade transversal. Para verificação das condições higiênico-sanitárias dos mercados, aplicou-se check list adaptado com base na Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) 275, de 21 de outubro de 2002, da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) e nas determinações da RDC nº 216/2004, ambas do Ministério da Saúde. Os resultados encontrados revelaram irregularidades em todos os itens analisados, evidenciando a precária infraestrutura, más condições higiênicas dos equipamentos, utensílios e manipuladores de alimentos, fazendo-se necessário uma fiscalização mais criteriosa por parte da Vigilância Sanitária Municipal para que possam ser reduzidos os riscos de contaminação de alimentos.
DAMPAK PEMILIHAN LOKASI PEMBUATAN FILM TERHADAP PROMOSI PARIWISATA
Authors: Pradhono Choiru , Minawati Rosta , Krisna Adi
Published: April 2022

Film is an audio-visual medium which can be extremely effective in conveying information to society at large. The method used here is qualitative using the technique of data collection through observation, literature research and documentation. Film has two determining aspects: narrative and cinematic respectively. Narrative consists of creative content which is to be conveyed to audiences. Cinematic aspects include Mise- en-scène, cinematography, editing and sound. Mise-en-scène consists of four elements, among them the setting and background shooting at tourist objects. These locations have become popular in fact because of publication through film. As phenomena film is extremely effective as an indicator for promotion of tourist destinations, both within the country and abroad. Tourism and film are two pillars in a mutually symbioticrelationship and are useful to society. ABSTRAKFilm adalah audio visual yang sangat efektif dalam menyampaikan informasi ke masyarakat luas. Metode yang digunakan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, studi pustaka dan dokumentasi. Film terdiri dari dua unsur pembentuk yakni unsur naratif dan sinematik. Unsur naratif memiliki conten kreatif yang ingin disampaikan kepada penoton, sedangkan unsur sinematik terdiri dari mise en scene,sinematografi, editing, dan suara. Mise en scene terdiri dari empat, diantaranya setting dan latar yang berhubungan dengan lokasi-lokasi shooting film di tempat wisata. Lokasi-lokasi tersebut menjadi popular karena terpublikasi bersama dengan kepopuleran filmnya. Secara fenomena, film sangat efektif beindikasi terhadap promosi lokasi pariwisata, baik dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Pariwisata dan film merupakan dua pilar yang saling bersimbiosis mutualisme dan menguntungkan bagi masyarakatKata kunci : Film; Indikasi; Promosi; Pariwisata
TECHNOLOGY DISCONECTING PEOPLE DALAM KARYA TOYS PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Masta Putri Khairina , Herawati Dira , Kurniadi Benny , Saputra Ivan
Published: April 2022

As technology develops, it makes the Smarphone user become a community that has minimal interaction with the environment and surrounding communities. Smartphone users become robots which are then controlled by applications in their mobile phones. People become cynical, anti-starch and easily influenced by various news that they get through their social media. So that the main function of technology is to connect people have changed to disconnecting people.This study aims to add insight and try to prove the hypothesis that every technological innovation will have a major impact and influence on a society that will be visualized into photographs through toy photography or Toys Photography.ABSTRAK Seiring canggihnya perkembangan teknologi saat ini, justru menjadikan pengguna Smarphone menjadi masyarakat yang minim berinteraksi dengan lingkungan dan masyarakat sekitar. Pengguna smartphone menjadi robot yang kemudian dikendalikan oleh aplikasi aplikasi di dalam telepon genggam mereka. Masyarakat menjadi sinis, anti pati dan mudah terpengaruh oleh berbagai berita yang mereka dapatkan melalui sosial media mereka. Sehingga fungsi utama dari teknologi adalah to connect people sudah berganti menjadi disconnecting people. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menambah wawasan dan mencoba membuktikan hipotesa yang mengatakan bahwa setiap inovasi teknologi akan membawa dampak dan pengaruh besar terhadap suatu masyarakat yang akan divisualisasikan ke dalam foto melalui fotografi mainan atau Toys Photography. Kata Kunci: Technology, Disconnecting, People; Toys Photography
Development sensory and nutritional analyses of sweet pearl ice cream
Authors: Alfiler Christina T. , Natividad Cristina B. , Ferrer Celiaflor R.
Published: April 2022

Ice cream is a well-known delicacy. This study's purpose was to make ice cream from the sweet pearl F1 cultivar using three degrees of maize starch. It was developed by a group of BTLEd lecturers from the College of Education to empower young people to spread technology and livelihood education in rural areas. As an agricultural country, farmers are vital to our economy. As a result, we must carefully distribute livelihood education among our corn families. This study's goal was to create three ice cream flavors and evaluate their nutritional value and appeal. The study found that the flavor and color criteria for evaluating ice cream did not change significantly among the three treatments studied. ANOVA found significant differences in ice cream texture and palatability between treatments. Only T3 exceeded the USDA's 10% fat guideline, according to nutritional study. The three varied amounts of starch did not create a significant difference in taste or color, but they did in texture and palatability. The researchers suggest using one teaspoon (T3) commercial corn starch and a fat content of no more than 10% to ensure superb taste and texture.
Formulation and characterization of dexmedetomidine HCL liposomes in gel for intraarticular administration
Authors: Gorajiya Amruta , Shelat Pragna , Lalwani Anita
Published: April 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a musculoskeletal disorders that distresses joints and cartilage and may lead to bone degeneration. Intraarticular administration of the drug directly in joints causes relief but is limited by the half – life of the administered drug. The objective of the present investigation therefore was to prepare Dexmedetomidine HCl containing liposomes which were then loaded in xanthan gum gel for intraarticular administration to prolong the duration of drug release. Liposome formulations were prepared by using various ratio of 1,2-Dierucoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine, 1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-glycerol and cholesterol using thin film hydration method in a Rota evaporator. The liposomes were evaluated for size distribution, surface charge potential, entrapment efficiency for establishing the levels of formulation components and process parameters.  Scanning electron micrographs of the liposomes indicated the spherical topography of the prepared liposomes. The liposomes were then loaded in gel formulated using xanthan gum as the gelling agents. Viscosity and gel strength of the formulation was evaluated by rheometer. In Vitro Dissolution in simulated synovial fluid media indicated that the liposomes in gel could prolong the drug release for a period of 7 days.
Change in climatic elements impact on agriculture
Authors: Dhole Madhuchhanda , Topno Sheetal
Published: April 2022

The most essential physical factor in nature is climate. Changes in climate parameters are referred to as climate change (main parameters are temperature, rainfall, humidity and wind). It is a global and current issue that has become a well-known global calamity in recent years (IPCC, 2007). Climate change is a long-term process that has far-reaching consequences. From low to high latitude, the pace of change and the effect of that change differ. Low latitudinal places are impacted not just from an environmental standpoint, but also from a financial standpoint. Because the research location is in the tropical region of West Bengal, it is badly affected when the temperature rises over time. People's basic economy is agriculture in numerous locations, and agricultural productivity is influenced by climate factors. Agricultural productivity is influenced by climatic factors such as temperature, rainfall, and humidity. However, climate change has had an impact on lower latitudinal locations for numerous decades. Climate change is caused by the release of GHGs or Green House Gases (Gil Kim, 2009), urbanisation, and industrialisation, according to many sorts of studies. As a result, agricultural yield, area, and productivity have all dropped.
Non-Euclidean, AntiGeometry, and NeutroGeometry Characterization
Authors:   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management-Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India, Singh Prem Kumar
Published: April 2022

Recently, a problem is addressed about dealing the difference among Non-Euclidean, AntiGeometry and NeutroGeoemtry data sets. The problem arises while partial negation of Euclidean Geometry, full negation of Euclidean or Hybrid mode. In case of undefined geometry also many researchers raised the questions. To tackle this issue, the current paper provides some examples for Non-Euclidean, AntiGeometry, and Neutrogemoetry for better understanding.
2-Absorbing Neutrosophic Weakly Completely Γ-Ideals
Authors:   Department of Mathematical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpas¸a-Istanbul, Turkey, admin admin
Published: April 2022

The goal of this study is to present a definition of a generalization of neutrosophic prime Γ-ideals in Γ-rings by introducing 2-absorbing neutrosophic weakly completely Γ-ideals of commutative Γ-rings and to propose their properties. Also, we give the notion of 2-absorbing K- Γ-neutrosophic ideals of Γ-rings. Moreover, we acquire a scheme that relationship between definition of 2-absorbing neutrosophic weakly completely Γ-ideals and 2-absorbing K- Γ-neutrosophic ideals of Γ-rings. Finally, we investigate neutrosophic quotient Γ-ring of induced by the 2-absorbing neutrosophic weakly completely Γ-ideal is a 2-absorbing Γ− ring.
Equitable Domination in Neutrosophic Graphs
Authors:   Department of Mathematics(DDE), Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630003., admin admin ,   Laboratory of Information processing, University Hassan II, B.P 7955, Sidi Othman, Casablanca, Morocco.,   Department of Mathematics, University of New Mexico, 705 Gurley Avenue, Gallup, NM 87301, USA.,   Department of Mathematics, Jayaraj Annapackiam College for Women (Autonomous), Periyakulam, Theni(Dist)Tamilnadu, India, Broumi S. , Smarandache Florentin , P.K.Santhi P.K
Published: April 2022

This paper shows the equitable domination in neutrosophic graphs. In this proposed work, equitable neigh-bourhood of a vertex and equitabe degree are defined. Minimal neutrosophic dominating sets, minimal and maximal equitable independent sets,strong and weak equitable dominating sets in neutrosophic graphs are likewise settled. A few hypotheses on equitable domination in neutrosophic graphs are inferred with numeri-cal examples.
Estimation of probable maximum precipitation for Bargi catchment upto Jamtara dam site in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: SHARMA SC , MUKHERJEE K , JAIN BC
Published: April 2022

An attempt has been made in this paper to evaluate Standard Project Storm (SPS) together with probable maximum precipitation (PMP) for various durations for Bargi catchment upto Jamtara dam site on river Narmada. Dally rainfall data In and around the catchment from 1901 to 1977 have been examined. Major rainstorms which affected the region during a period of 77 years were studied in detail and heaviest rain depths for different, durations have been estimated for the project area. From the heaviest rain depths the SPS has been derived for the project and PMP value5 have been obtained by moisture maximisation method considering surface dew point temperature data. PMP values have also been compared with return period estimates obtained by frequency analysis approach.

The time distribution of 24-hr, 48-hr and 72-hr rainstorms have also been carried out to facilitate design engineers in the computation of design flood by unit hydrograph approach.
Extreme value analysis and the return period of tropical cyclone parameters over maritime States of India
Authors: JAYANTHI N , SARMA AKSEN
Published: April 2022

Using annual cyclone series for the period 1890-1984, the extreme value analysis is carried out for the storm parameter ,P for various return periods for the maritime States Tami Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Using standard empirical  relationships suitable for Indian coasts the extremes for other parameters, viz., V max and peak surge height are also estimated for the same return periods.
Some hydrologic characteristics and modeling aspects Of a small catchment in southern India
Authors: RAO PGOVINDA
Published: April 2022

The area under study is a small catchment called Karanja, having an area of about 2025 km2 in Karnataka and adjoining Andhra Pradesh. Observed daily stream flow data and daily rainfall data for the period 1964.1984 and hourly rainfall and river gauge data for the period 1980-84 along with the available data on soil cover, groundwater levels and geology etc, have been utilised. About 80 percent of the catchment area is covered by soils of considerably high runoff potential. About 5 per cent of the catchment rainfall is discharged into the river as base flow from the ground water in a normal monsoon year. Monthly rainfall and runoff were significantly correlated for the months of July to October during the period 1964.1984. Regression equations for estimating runoff have been developed using these relationships. On an average about 33 per cent of the rainfall in the catchment is converted into runoff and the percentage of runoff is maximum in the year 1983 and minimum in 1972. Unit hydrographs corresponding to the seven flood events have been derived and thereby an average unit hydrograph for the catchment is obtained. The validity and application aspects of the derived unit hydrographs are indicated. The unprecedented peak flood of 1983 in the catchment is also briefly discussed.
Temporal variation of rainfall intensity from convective Cloud – A theoretical approach
Authors: CHAKRABARTY KK
Published: April 2022

The rainfall intensity from convective clouds vary during the period of rainfall. In the present paper a mathematical expression has been deduced for the temporal variation of rainfall intensity in terms of terminal velocity v, drop diameter D and drop size distribution ND and an effort has made to lay down the condition for various types of temporal variation of rainfall intensity mathematically and the physical significance of various expressions were tried to explain. It is shown that the presence or absence of updraft during precipitation reaching ground is an important controlling factor. It has also been shown that the drop size distribution also plays a significant role.
Meteorological aspects of the infestation of some Pests on jowar crop
Authors: DUBEY RC , MASKE SI , RONGHE JA
Published: April 2022

The possible linkage between different meteorological elements and a few pests of jowar,  like stem-borer, earhead bug and mite. based on the statistical analysis of the past 7 to 13 years records is derived in this study. Data of kharif jowar crops at Dharwar and Coimbatore is utilized. The simple and multiple linear regression techniques are adopted.

It is found that higher maximum temperature. minimum temperature >13°C and relative humidity >70% during November-December are favorable for stem-borer attacks: The optimum miximum temperature of 28°C in November and 31°C in August are obtained for earhead bugs incidences. Their activities are suddenly decreased at minimum temperature > 17°C in December at Coimbatore but increases when it is > 18°C during October at, Dharwar. Jowar mites show enhancements In activity with Increase In maximum temperature (30 C) during July higher minimum temperature (20°C) during November, sunshine hours of greater than 7 in July and a weekly rainfall of 80-90 mm during last week of September at Coimbatore.

After corroborating with the actual observations, these results may be useful in essuing forewarnings of, the incidences of these pests on jowar .
Daily rainfall variability in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: OLANIRAN OJ
Published: April 2022

The spatial structure, of and distances between, rainfall-areas in southwestern Nigeria were analysed using the cross-correlation technique. Data were analysed for three weather situations, namely linesquall, monsoon and thunderstorm periods.

The rainfall cross-correlation field was found for all the weather situations to be elliptical in shape with the major axis following the trend of the dominant relief in the region. However, typical distances were found to separate the rainfall areas according to the weather situation: 50 km apart in monsoon rains, 75 km apart in line-squall rains but 100 km apart in thunderstorms rains.
Stimulation of wind waves generated at deep sea by A tropical storm
Authors: RAY TK
Published: April 2022

Using a certain pressure profile based on actual observations, horizontal distribution of surface winds are derived which are used for numerical stimulation of waves in deep sea. A quasi-equilibrium of four major forces: pressure gradient, centifugal; surface function and coriolis force have been assumed. Wave charts prepared in the form of polar diagrams can be utilised for operational wave forecasting. Though the solution of the non-linear equations used in the model nee4s the aid of a computer the operational forecaster need to use only simple parameters, like pressure drop at the centre, radius of maximum wind and the speed of movement of the storm. Hindcast of some reliable data indicate high skill score for the model.
Dry spell sequences in south coastal Andhra
Authors: SUBRAMANIAM AR , RAO PSANJEEVA
Published: April 2022

Agricultural planning as well as many operations depend considerably on the success of dry and over wet spells. A first order Markov chain model has been, utilized to study the initial, and conditional probabilities of weekly rainfall, In terms of dry and wet spells during 1954-1984 at four locations In south coastal Andhra Pradesh The patterns of dry weeks show considerable spatial and temporal variations. The information is useful to agricultural planners in determining the suitable crop or variety for a particular location and in adopting the appropriate agricultural practices.
Main features of the westward-moving low pressure systems which form over the Indian region during the summer monsoon season and their relation to the monsoon rainfall
Authors: MOOLEY DA , SHUKLA J
Published: April 2022

The main features of the transitory monsoon low pressure systems (LPS) over the Indian region during the period 1888-1983, in respect of their formation, life, movement, intensity and dissipation, as well as their Inter annual variability are examined by utilizing the Information and data contained In the Indian Daily Weather Reports. The relationships of these features with the monsoon rainfall over India/north India/central India/south India are examined.

 

The paper discusses a variety of statistics about the low pressure systems, e.g., formation, location, life, intensity, movement and dissipation.

 

The number of LPS formed is not significantly related to the monsoon rainfall over India except for a weak relationship with central India monsoon rainfall. Number of LPS days during the season is significantly and directly related to the Indian monsoon rainfall (abov.e.5%) and to central Indian monsoon rainfall (above I %) and these relationships generally show good stability. Total westward longitudinal displacement of the LPS during the season and the monsoon rainfall over India and central India are directly and significantly (above 1 %) related and these relationships also generally show good stability.
A case study of possible occurrence of a microburst Cell on 27 June 1985 over Palam airport
Authors: KISHAN DAYA , LAL BHAJAN
Published: April 2022

A severe thunderstorm occurred on 27 June 1985 over Palam airport. The height., speed and shape of the radar echoes and the surface meteorological parameters associated with the thunderstorm, recorded at Palam and Safdarjung airports, have been studied and analysed. The wind Instruments Installed at Palam airport at the two runway ends, at a distance of 3 km from each other, recorded surface winds of 78 and 25 kt respectively at the same time in gusts from nearly opposite directions.

 

The intense surface draft and other associated meteorological parameters, including changes in them, suggest that there was a microburst cell which moved across Palam airport causing a wind shear of more than 100kt over a distance of 3 km.
Estimation of cloud microstructural parameters from satellite imagery: A Markov random field approach
Authors: BASU SUJIT , MOHAN M , AGARWAL VIJAYK
Published: April 2022

Estimation of microstructural parameters controlling clustering in different directions or a cloud scene is investigated. The cloud scene is represent.ed as a Markov ran~om field and the parameters are estimated by a maximum likelihood technique. A surrogate Image, corresp°!ldmg to each scene, is generated by a Monte-Carlo procedure. Results of analysing NOAA and INSA T cloud Images are presented
Synoptic study of the October 1982 Bay cyclone
Authors: REDDY EVSUBBA
Published: April 2022

In this study the Bay cyclone of 180 October 1982 is studied from analytical angle to find out its  movement and intensity and hence, to highlight the Importance of synoptic analysis.
Application of conceptual modeling in estimation Of soil moisture
Authors: ABBI SDS
Published: April 2022

Soil moisture storage is an important parameter from agricultural point of view. Being a significant component of the hydrologic cycle, it is necessary to: estimate, the quantity and its distribution in the soil, The existing methods to monitor these values have their own limitations. A recent technique for soil  moisture estimation by conceptual modeling has been presented In this paper.
A satellite study of an active western disturbance
Authors: VEERARAGHAVAN K , NATH T
Published: April 2022

The study of an active western disturbance which moved across north Pakistan and Jammu & Kashmir in the month of November 1986 has, been presents. The importance of this study lies in the fact that this western disturbance, which had produced widespread precipitation With heavy falls It a number of places, has occurred in a relatively dry month, November, The main emphasis In this study is about the temperature distribution of the top of the clouds associated with the disturbance as seen frOI1l the infrared satellite pictures. An attempt has been made to understand the relation between the cloud top temperatures and the resultant rainfall. Comparison has been made between the rainfall estimate using Arkin's methodology and the actual average rainfall based on rain gauge stations. It IS seen that the threshold cloud top temperature (CIT) of 235° K to give an average rainfall estimate does not give good results in this particular spell. The reasons for this anomaly have been postulated.
Quantification of microclimatic conditions under different planting systems in raya
Authors: NIWAS RAM , RAO VUMAMAHESWARA , BISHNOI OP
Published: April 2022

An experiment was conducted in a rahdomized block design to study the microclimate of raya crop under various planting systems, viz., normal sowing in flat beds (SJ, paired row sowing in flat beds (S2) ridge-furrow sowing with one row in each furrow (S3), ridge-furrow' sowing with two rows in each furrow (S4) normal sowing in flat beds with 4th row skipping off (S5) and normal sowing in flat beds with 6th row skipping off (S6). Absorption of photosynthetically active radiation was significantly highest in S4 (79.6 percent) and lowest in S3 (68.0 per cent). Deviation of air temperature, relative humidity with respect to S treatment and wind speed profiles were quantified for microclimatic changes to explain the yield contributing parameters.
A parametric wave prediction model based on Time delay concept
Authors: PRASADARAO CVK , SWAIN J
Published: April 2022

Parametric wind-sea relationships for prediction of significant wave height (Hs) and zero-upcrossing period (Tz) for slight to moderate sea states have been presented in this paper based on the analysis of time series wind and wave data collected off west coast of India in March 1986. Wave measurements are made by deploying Data well wave rider buoy from an oceanographic research vessel Gaveshani. Observations revealed a series of growing and decaying phases of sea state with wind speeds ranging from 0 to 11.5 m/s .The characteristic feature of the proposed parametric model is the introduction of 'Time-delay' concept in place of wind duration limit. A time-lag of 6 hr is noticed between wind speed and wave height and same has been incorporated in this model which enables forecasting seas at 6-hourly synoptic time intervals. Model comparison is made and the predicted values of Hs and Tz closely agree with the recorded wave observations. Results show that the present method yields significant wave height prediction with an r.m.s. difference of 0.12 m for the observed Hs ranging from 0. 6 to 2.3m.
On the development of the cyclonic storms and their rainbands during October-December 1987
Authors: SINGH RANJIT
Published: April 2022

The author has studied four cyclonic storms that formed during the post monsoon season of 1987. All the systems developed in similar atmospheric settings leading to the development of feeder cloud bands.
Theological Decolonization and Training Local Translators
Authors: Hemphill Christy
Published: April 2022

Over the past several years in the United States, one paradigm-shifting theme in Christian higher education has been decolonization, the decentering of white, Western scholarship when it comes to theology and biblical interpretation. Concurrently, in SIL there has been a push toward localization, adopting the perspectives and structures that will allow people in a regional context to function in locally viable ways instead of foreign ones. Although the intent of localization is to reshape numerous areas of operation and organizational culture, when it comes to the area of training, sometimes the default focus has been on getting more “locals” to hold the microphone in training contexts, but not necessarily on evaluating the recommended teaching methods, the content that is considered standard, or the resources recommended to partners. This article summarizes some of the important insights from emerging key voices speaking to the issue of decolonizing theological training in the American seminary context. Reflecting and retooling existing local translator training in light of these insights would further the goals of localization, indigenized translations, and appropriately contextualized Scripture engagement.
Possible physical description of formation of rhythmic layering in layered magmatic intrusions based on analogy to chemical oscillating processes
Authors: Zilbershtein A. Kh. , Davtyan D. S. , Tonoyan A. O.
Published: April 2022

For the first time the theoretical thermodynamical model of the process of formation of rhythmic layering observed in natural geological bodies – layered magmatic intrusions was proposed. The model is based on analogy to the well-known description of the process of frontal polymerization in a tubular reactor. The system of equations was presented, including the equation of thermal conductivity, balance and kinetic equations. The solutions of the system were obtained for various parameters of the process. The obtained oscillating solutions can be used for the description of the formation of rhythmic layering. The proposed system of the equations represents the possible physical model describing the process of formation of the rhythmic layering․
Синтез 5-ацетил-2-амино-1,4-диарил-6-оксо-1,4,5,6-тетрагидропиридин-3-карбонитрилов. ротамерия в ряду тетрагидропиридин-3-карбонитрилов
Authors: Саргсян A. A. , Хачатрян А. Х. , Бадасян А. Э. , Авагян К. А. , Манукян А. Г. , Паносян Г. А. , Саргсян М. С.
Published: April 2022

Установлено, что взаимодействие арилметилиденмалонодинитрила с N-ариламидами ацетоуксусной кислоты протекает в присутствии пиперидина или триэтиламина при ком-натной температуре. Согласно данным ИК- и ЯМР (1H,13C) спектроскопии, в обоих случаях, образуются 5-ацетил-2-амино-1,4-диарил-6-оксо-1,4,5,6-тетрагидропиридин-3-карбонитрилы с выходами 47-75%. По данным ЯМР спектроскопии, если в исходных соединениях аромати-ческое кольцо амидной части молекулы содержит орто-заместитель, то полученные продук-ты в растворе находятся в виде двух ротамеров.
Изучение противоопухолевой активности показало, что синтезированные вещества проявляют как выраженную активность, подавляя рост опухоли на 64% (Р<0.05), так и уме-ренную противоопухолевую активность (торможение роста опухоли на 47-55% Р<0.05) в отно-шении саркомы -180. Изучение острой токсичности указанных соединений показало, что испытуемые вещества относительно малотоксичные. Их абсолютная смертельная доза (ЛД100) выше 1500 мг/кг.