bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Evaluation on Earthquake-Resistance of Road Retaining Wall Using Gabion
Authors: Nakazawa Hiroshi , Hara Tadashi , Suetsugu Daisuke , Nishi Tsuyoshi , Kuribayashi Kentaro , Miyoshi Katsuaki , Shimomura Shoji ,   Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research Division, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan,   Kochi University, Kochi, Japan,   Saga University, Saga, Japan,   Construction Project Consultants Inc., Tokyo, Japan,   Eight-Japan Engineering Consultants Inc., Okayama, Japan,   Matui Wire Netting Industry Co., Ltd., Hyogo, Japan,   Daiou-Shinyo Construction Co., Ltd., Kochi, Japan
Published: September 2018

In the 2015 earthquake in Gorkha, Nepal, damaged different kinds of structures around the Kathmandu Basin. On the other hand, in mountainous areas, it was confirmed that gabion structures such as retaining walls along roads showed their high flexibility by performing their functions. In this paper, based on the results of the damage field survey on gabion retaining walls, a full-scale shake table test is conducted to evaluate the earthquake resistance of gabion retaining walls on roads, which are a common site in Nepal. The soil container used for the full-scale shake table test has the following internal dimensions: 4.0 m height, 3.1 m width, and 11.5 m depth. Earthen bank retaining walls with height of 3 m were arranged in three rows in a perpendicular direction to the cross-section, and the ground behind the retaining wall was prepared. The sinusoidal waves of 3 Hz were applied, consisting of 2 s of gradual increase, 4 s of steady part, and 2 s of gradual decrease; the input waves were provided in four stages of acceleration amplitude. Three types of gabion retaining walls were considered, i.e., vertical-type, stepwise-type and gravity-type, and 3D terrestrial laser measurement was conducted before and after shake table test of each case. Comparison of the residual deformations of the gabion retaining walls measured by 3D terrestrial laser showed that the vertical-type wall did not collapse but tilted forward after the shake teble test. A similar damage situation was confirmed by the field survey in Nepal. The other two cases suffered only slight deformation and are considered to be effective structures for application on sites. Finally, the trial wedge method was applied to the experimental results of the vertical-type of gabion retaining and useful suggestions for future earthquake-resistant design were made by comparing the active collapse angle with the positions of deformation, such as cracking which occurred in the ground behind the retaining wall after shaking. Then, the applicability of trial wedge method and its problem in the design of gabion retaining wall were shown.
Strong Motion and Tsunami Related to the AD 365 Crete Earthquake
Authors: Ohsumi Tsuneo , Dohi Yuji , Hazarika Hemanta ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan,   Department of Civil Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Published: September 2018

The West Asian region is a tectonically active area due to crustal deformation; the associated earthquakes occur on a large scale and have been recorded from the historical period to the present. Investigating the most suitable solution for this crustal movement will contribute to this region’s earthquake and tsunami disaster mitigation. The most reliable parameters were defined by researchers and applied with a non-uniform distribution in the fault plane based on Papadimitriou et al [1]. The calculated AD 365 earthquake waveform provides an indication of maximum acceleration using the stochastic Green’s function method with the selected parameters. Using this estimation, damage to masonry structures can be calculated. The ancient Crete cities of Aptra and Chania were both hit by the AD 365 earthquake. Aptera, built on out-cropping rock, would have been 80% destroyed. In comparison, Chania, in northwest Crete, would have been completely destroyed because it was built on thick sedimentary layers. The subsurface composition at Chania would have made it a high seismic intensity area. This earthquake was followed by a tsunami that devastated the southern and eastern coasts of the Mediterranean. Based on these results, risk mitigation from seismic and tsunami events should focus on high densely populated areas with thick sedimentary layers in the Mediterranean.
Flood and Substance Transportation Analysis Using Satellite Elevation Data: A Case Study in Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Hashimoto Masakazu , Yoneyama Nozomu , Kawaike Kenji , Deguchi Tomonori , Hossain Mohammed Abed , Nakagawa Hajime ,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan,   Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,   Nittetsu Mining Consultants Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan,   Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Published: September 2018

This study investigated the vertical accuracy of satellite elevation data and its effect on flood and substance transportation analysis by using a two-dimensional flood simulation model. SRTM, AW3D, and ASTER GDEM satellite elevation data for East Dhaka, Bangladesh were used for evaluating the vertical accuracy and conducting numerical analyses. A case study in 2007 was simulated for the flooding analysis. The results showed that AW3D had the highest applicability because its vertical accuracy for low-lying areas was better than that of the other products. According to the differences in the flood extent of each satellite elevation data, the simulation results of the substance transportation analysis showed different spreading conditions. Furthermore, differences in the flood velocity and direction affected the distribution of the deposited substance.
Flood Preparedness: Challenges for Hospitals in Thailand
Authors: Langkulsen Uma , Rwodzi Desire T. , Putten Marc Van der , Vajanapoom Nitaya ,   Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University
 99 Mhu 18, Paholyothin Rd., Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand,   Clinton Health Access Initiative, Harare, Zimbabwe
Published: September 2018

Cities are experiencing the need to protect people, natural and man-made resources and productive capacities against the risks posed by climate change related events. This descriptive study examines the flood preparedness of hospitals at sub-district, district, provincial, and regional levels in Thailand. In-depth interviews were conducted at fourteen hospitals in five provinces, including Nonthaburi, Pathum Thani, Nakhon Pathom, Samut Prakan, and Samut Sakhon provinces. We used content analysis for this qualitative descriptive study. The highlight findings of the study revealed that lack of disaster standard operating procedures for emergency response to flood, lack of risk mapping and vulnerability assessment, and shortage of trained risk communicators. Increasing performance in disaster and emergency preparedness and response in the hospitals is essential. We suggest that the hospitals and relevant government agencies require appropriate mechanism to enhance disaster and emergency preparedness and response. Our findings demonstrate evidence of flood preparedness, which raises concerns regarding holistic approach to disaster and emergency preparedness and response for health needs at all levels that warrant further investigation.
Business and Religiosity: Review of Business Ethics Mayangkara Group
Authors: Suselo Dedi
Published: September 2018

This research explores the application of religious values â€‹â€‹that are a business strategy in the management of the Mayangkara Group. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach (field research). Data collection techniques use source, time and technique triangulation. The results show the application of religious values â€‹â€‹in the management of the Mayangkara Group to be unique and important capital in supporting the existence of the company. A good business management pattern is not to exploit, manage existing natural resources for mutual benefit. Mayangkara Group's religious values â€‹â€‹are built based on the principles of social piety in every business activity. A series of social, religious, socio-economic activities that are packaged in the company's CSR program is a means of channeling zakat funds and company infaq. The purpose of Mayangkara's business activities is "al-Falah" is to realize prosperity and elevate the level of life of the people, and realize a good company.
Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes of Porous Titanium-Coated and Plasma-Sprayed Acetabular Shells
Authors: Lindgren Viktor , Galea Vincent P. , Nebergall Audrey , Greene Meridith E. , Rolfson Ola , Malchau Henrik ,   the Multicenter Writing Committee
Published: October 2018

Background:

New materials in cementless total hip arthroplasty are continuously introduced into clinical practice. The objective of this study was to compare the radiographic and clinical performances of acetabular shells made with porous titanium coating (PTC) and plasma-sprayed titanium (PS).

Methods:

Data from a prospective multicenter study monitoring PTC and PS shells were analyzed. Three hundred and eighty patients (191 with PTC and 189 with PS) with postoperative (within 10 months after the operation) and 5-year radiographs were available for assessment of radiographic outcomes and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). A radiolucent distance between the cup and acetabulum of ≥0.5 mm was defined as a gap if it was found on a postoperative radiograph and as a radiolucency if it was found on a later follow-up radiograph for the first time.

Results:

Postoperative gaps were more common with the PS shell (40% versus 24%, p < 0.001). However, a higher percentage of the gaps in the PTC group persisted at 5 years (56% versus 4%, p < 0.001). At 5 years, 23% of the PTC shells had a radiolucency versus 5% of the PS shells (p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed a 5.2-fold increase in the odds for radiolucency with the PTC shell (p < 0.001). No patient underwent revision surgery due to acetabular component loosening within the study period. A PTC shell was the only factor associated with the risk of pain in a logistic regression model (odds ratio = 2.0, p = 0.035).

Conclusions:

PTC shells were associated with more patient-reported pain and a higher risk of radiolucency and a persistent gap at 5 years compared with the PS shells, although these outcomes were not related to each other. The clinical relevance of the radiographic findings is unclear as no prostheses were revised because of loosening, but the findings warrant additional follow-up studies.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Retrieval Findings of Recalled Dual-Taper Hips
Authors: Di Laura Anna , Hothi Harry S. , Henckel Johann , Kwon Young-Min , Skinner John A. , Hart Alister J.
Published: October 2018

Background:

The recent high-profile recalls of several dual-taper hip designs pose questions regarding why those designs perform poorly. We aimed to characterize taper damage in 1 recalled design to understand failure mechanisms to inform surgeons on which patients should be considered at risk of revision and when to revise.

Methods:

High-precision measurement equipment was used to characterize the metal loss from the neck-stem interface of 116 retrieved Rejuvenate femoral stems (Stryker Howmedica Osteonics) revised because of an adverse reaction to metal debris. Head-neck taper surfaces were also investigated, and clinical and laboratory data were examined.

Results:

The neck-stem junction of each implant was moderately to severely corroded and showed a characteristic wear pattern on both male and female taper surfaces. The severity of taper damage was positively correlated with time to revision (coefficient, 0.040 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.028 to 0.051]; p < 0.0001) and with serum cobalt concentration (coefficient, 0.02 [95% CI, 0.01 to 0.02]; p < 0.0001) and serum chromium concentration (coefficient, 0.04 [95% CI, 0.009 to 0.070]; p = 0.0142).

Conclusions:

A forensic examination of the retrieved components that failed secondary to an adverse reaction to metal debris showed, in all cases, visible corrosion. Of the implant and patient factors investigated, we did not identify any predictors of corrosion. The severity of damage was found to increase with time; cobalt was significantly elevated over chromium.

Clinical Relevance:

Surgeons should scrupulously follow and consider revision for patients with this implant design to avoid extensive tissue excision. Blood metal ion tests may aid in identifying the mechanisms of taper corrosion.
Opioid Consumption After Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Wojahn Robert D. , Bogunovic Ljiljana , Brophy Robert H. , Wright Rick W. , Matava Matthew J. , Green John R. , Zalomek Corinne A. , Haas Amanda K. , Holloway Wendy L. , Garofoli Elizabeth A. , Smith Matthew V.
Published: October 2018

Background:

The opioid epidemic in the United States has placed increased pressure on physicians to engage in responsible opioid prescribing practices. However, surgeons currently have little information to guide their postoperative prescription decision-making. The purpose of this study was to assess opioid consumption after knee arthroscopy and identify preoperative factors that may predict higher opioid usage.

Methods:

A prospective observational study of 221 patients was conducted in patients undergoing outpatient knee arthroscopy for meniscal repair, partial meniscectomy, debridement, chondroplasty, or loose body removal. Participants recorded their daily opioid consumption in a postoperative pain diary. Total opioid consumption was calculated from counts of remaining pills at the 2-week and 6-week postoperative office visits. Variables, including age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, preoperative pain severity and duration, preoperative opioid usage, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, were evaluated for an association with opioid consumption.

Results:

Total opioid consumption ranged from 0 to 188 pills, with a median of 7 pills (hydrocodone 5-mg equivalents). Forty-six percent of patients took ≤5 pills, 59% took ≤10 pills, and 81% took ≤20 pills. Fifty-six percent of patients had discontinued opioid usage by the third postoperative day. Eighty-eight percent of patients had surplus opioid medication at the time of the final follow-up. Patients undergoing meniscal repair, smokers, and those taking preoperative opioids were significantly more likely to take ≥20 pills (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The median number of pills taken after knee arthroscopy is 7, with the majority of patients consuming ≤20 pills. Meniscal repair, smoking, and preoperative opioid usage were associated with higher postoperative opioid consumption.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Simulation of Tandem Thin-Film Solar Cell on the Basis of CuInSe2
Authors: Esman A. K. , Kuleshov V. K. , Potachits V. A. , Zykov G. L.
Published: October 2018

CuInSe2 thin-film solar cells are promising materials for photovoltaic devices. One of the main tasks of researchers is to find ways to increase the solar cells efficiency. In this paper we propose an original structure of a thin-film solar cell based on a tandem connection of a photoelectric converter and a thermoelectric layer based on CuInSe2. The photoelectric converter consists of CuInSe2 and CdS layers. A 3D model of the proposed thin-film solar cell was implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment with using the Heat Transfer module. The simulation was carried out taking into account the diurnal and seasonal variations of both the ambient temperature and the power density of the AM1.5 solar spectrum for the geographical coordinates of Minsk. The solar radiation power density of about 500 kW/m2 can be achieved by using concentrators. The temperature pattern and temperature gradients are calculated in each layer of the solar cell without and with the temperature stabilization of the substrate back side as well as without and with the thermal insulation of the substrate ends. Graphs of the temperature gradients of the thermoelectric layer and the temperature variations of the photoelectric converter of the solar cell are given. As a result of the simulation, it is shown how the uneven heating of both the surface of a thin-film solar cell and its layers occur under conditions of diurnal and seasonal variations of both the ambient temperature and the solar radiation power density. Under concentrated solar radiation exposure, the photoelectric converter surface can be heated up to 700 °C without temperature stabilization of the solar cell substrate. The operating temperature of the photoelectric converter was maintained at no more than 2.35 °C in January and at no more than 14.23 °C in July due to the temperature stabilization of the substrate back side of the proposed device. This made it possible to achieve an increase in the output power of the solar cell both by summing the photoand thermoelectric output voltages and by the concentration of solar radiation.
Looking beyond the jug: Non‐chemical weed seedbank management
Authors: Selfors Liam , Werts Peter , Green Thomas
Published: October 2018

Growing reports of new herbicide‐resistant weeds call for a reassessment of weed management strategies in row crops. This article will explore several non‐chemical weed management strategies including current practices for limiting the weed seedbank in row crops at harvest. Earn 1 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/608.
Can stabilized nitrogen fertilizer sources reduce losses through multiple loss pathways?
Authors: Maaz Tai McClellan
Published: October 2018

This article looks at two recent reviews that highlight the effectiveness of stabilized nitrogen fertilizers in reducing N2O emissions in Midwest corn production. Are these findings consistent with other research in a wider geography or other cropping systems? What are the impacts of stabilized nitrogen sources on other nitrogen losses? What are the effects on crop yields? Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/607.
Evaluation of cover crops drill‐interseeded into corn across the Mid‐Atlantic
Authors: Curran W.S. , Hoover R.J. , Roth G.W. , Wallace J.M. , Dempsey M.A. , Mirsky S.B. , Ackroyd V.J. , Ryan M.R. , Pelzer C.J.
Published: October 2018

This article reports on field experiments that addressed two primary objectives: (1) compare cover crop establishment and biomass production of drill‐interseeded grass and legume cover crops and corn performance across the Mid‐Atlantic region and (2) determine if timing of interseeding cover crops into corn (V2–V6) influences cover crop performance and corn grain yield. Earn 1.5 CEUs in Soil & Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/614.
Preventing and managing EROSION in continuous no‐till
Authors: Ehmke Tanner
Published: October 2018

No‐till has long been promoted as the go‐to strategy for reducing erosion and promoting soil quality. Certain situations, though, call for farmers and their CCAs to take further steps beyond no‐till to control erosion. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/610.
Joint Editorial: Invigorating hydrological research through journal publications
Authors: Quinn Nevil , Blöschl Günter , Bárdossy András , Castellarin Attilio , Clark Martyn , Cudennec Christophe , Koutsoyiannis Demetris , Lall Upmanu , Lichner Lubomir , Parajka Juraj , Peters-Lidard Christa D. , Sander Graham , Savenije Hubert , Smettem Keith , Vereecken Harry , Viglione Alberto , Willems Patrick , Wood Andy , Woods Ross , Xu Chong-Yu , Zehe Erwin
Published: October 2018

Editors of several journals in the field of hydrology met during the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union – EGU in Vienna in April 2017. This event was a follow-up of similar meetings held in 2013 and 2015. These meetings enable the group of editors to review the current status of the journals and the publication process, and to share thoughts on future strategies. Journals were represented at the 2017 meeting by their editors, as shown in the list of authors. The main points on invigorating hydrological research through journal publications are communicated in this joint editorial published in the journals listed here.
Beyond reasonable drought: hotspots reveal a link between the ‘Big Dry’ and cryptosporidiosis in Australia's Murray Darling Basin
Authors: Lal Aparna , Konings Paul
Published: October 2018

There is little evidence on how the health impacts of drought vary spatially and temporally. With a focus on waterborne cryptosporidiosis, we identify spatio-temporal hotspots and by using interrupted time series analysis, examine the impact of Australia's Big Dry (2001–2009) in these disease clusters in the Murray Darling Drainage Basin. Analyses revealed a statistically significant hotspot in the north of the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and a hotspot in the north-eastern end of the basin in Queensland. After controlling for long-term trend and seasonality in cryptosporidiosis, interrupted time series analysis of reported cases in these hotspots indicated a statistically significant link with the Big Dry. In both areas, the end of the Big Dry was associated with a lower risk of reported cryptosporidiosis; in the ACT, the estimated relative risk (RR) was 0.16 (95% confidence interval: 0.07; 0.33), and in Queensland the RR was 0.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.19; 0.42). Although these data do not establish a causal association, this research highlights the potential for drought-related health risks.
Helophyte mats (wetland roofs) with high evapotranspiration rates as a tool for decentralised rainwater management – process stability improved by simultaneous greywater treatment
Authors: Zehnsdorf Andreas , Blumberg Michael , Müller Roland A.
Published: October 2018

Redensification of the housing stock is also creating challenges for the drainage of wastewater and rainwater in existing sewer systems, particularly in growing cities. One alternative here is the evaporation of rainwater, which reduces hydraulic loads on sewers. Rainwater evapotranspiration using helophyte mats on building roofs is a possible approach. Helophytes are able to transpire considerably more rainwater than extensively planted green roofs. Other than conventional green roofs helophyte mats in the form of wetland roofs require a permanent water supply on a daily basis. Greywater application can be an additional advantage in terms of nutrient supply of the wetland roof after being treated microbiologically within the plant carrier mat. The treatment of greywater using a helophyte-planted roof can help to meet the water and nutrient requirements of the helophytes even during rain-free periods. However, it must be ensured that the root mat treats the greywater to a sufficient extent. It was shown under practical conditions that a 0.1 m-thick helophyte mat is suitable for treating typical domestic greywater at loads of up to 15 L m−2 d−1.
Theoretical evaluation of concentration time and storage coefficient with their application to major dam basins in Korea
Authors: Yoo Chulsang , Lee Jiho , Cho Eunsaem
Published: October 2018

This study theoretically evaluated the basin concentration time and storage coefficient with their empirical formulas available worldwide. The evaluation results were also validated in the application to major dam basins in Korea. The findings are summarized as follows. As a result of analytical analysis, the concentration time was found to be proportional to the main channel length under laminar flow conditions and to the square of it under turbulent flow conditions, but inversely proportional to the channel slope. It was also found that the storage coefficient and the concentration time are linearly but loosely related. Most empirical formulas for the concentration time concurred with the basic equation form, but just a few for the storage coefficient. Applications to major dam basins in Korea also showed that the concentration time agrees well with the result of theoretical analysis. However, the behavior of the storage coefficient varied much, basin by basin, indicating that additional factors may be needed to explain it.
Preparation of oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride and its visible-light photocatalytic performance on bisphenol A degradation
Authors: Tang Rong , Ding Renli , Xie Xianchuan
Published: October 2018

A novel metal-free oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride (O-g-C3N4) was synthesized by the pre-treatment of bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and combined with high-temperature calcination treatment. The obtained 2-O-g-C3N4 catalyst exhibits high activity in visible light photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) with a mineralization rate as high as 62.3%. According to the characterization results of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and photoluminescence spectroscopy analyses, the markedly higher visible-light-driven oxidation activity of 2-O-g-C3N4 is attributed to the larger specific surface area, wider range of light responses and low charge recombination rate. Moreover, the trapping experiment shows that superoxide radicals (•O2−) are the dominant active species in the BPA decomposition process over 2-O-g-C3N4. This study presents a simple and environment-friendly method to synthesise oxygen-doped graphitic carbon nitride.
Kinetics of sulfide precipitation with ferrous and ferric iron in wastewater
Authors: Kiilerich Bruno , Nielsen Asbjørn H. , Vollertsen Jes
Published: October 2018

Traditionally, sulfide abatement has been done by adding e.g. ferrous or ferric iron salts to the start of sewer force mains. Iron dosage must hence correspond to an estimate of how much sulfide will form while the wastewater stays in the main, which is not straightforward. Adding iron salts at the end of the main has the advantage that the exact amount of sulfide to precipitate, in principle, can be known. A drawback is that the reaction time is short compared to start-of-pipe treatment. Sulfide precipitation rates and the concentration of sulfide left after the process had run to completion were measured using an online hydrogen sulfide probe to resolve the fast precipitation reaction. Experiments were conducted in anaerobic wastewaters spiked with sulfide, and carried out under different pH conditions and with various iron-to-sulfide ratios. Sulfide precipitation rates were demonstrated to be faster with Fe(III) than with Fe(II). Experiments furthermore showed that for Fe(III), pH was the controlling parameter, whereas for Fe(II) both pH and the iron-to-sulfide ratio were important. Proposed are model equations to predict variables for the rate equations, which can be adopted by practitioners dealing with sulfide abatement.
Adsorption of chlortetracycline onto biochar derived from corn cob and sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Zhang Lin , Tong Lei , Zhu Pengguang , Huang Peng , Tan Zhengyu , Qin Fangling , Shi Wen , Wang Mengyun , Nie Han , Yan Guicheng , Huang Hongtao
Published: October 2018

Biochar was prepared from two different types of biological waste materials, corn cob (CC) and sugarcane bagasse (SB). The adsorption capacity of each class of adsorbent was determined by chlortetracycline (CTC) adsorption tests. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of chlortetracycline onto sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBB) and corn cob biochar (CCB) were studied. Experimental results indicated that pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetics of CTC onto SBB and CCB were more reasonable than pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the adsorption kinetic model of CTC onto SBB was slightly better than that onto CCB. The maximum adsorption capacity of CTC onto SBB was 16.96 mg/g at pH 4, while the highest adsorption efficiency of CTC onto CCB was achieved at pH 5 with a maximum adsorption of 12.39 mg/g. The Freundlich isotherm model was better than the Langmuir model at illustrating the adsorption process of CTC onto SBB and CCB. These results provide a way to understand the value of specific biochars, which can be used as efficient and effective adsorbents for CTC removal from waste-water. Compared with raw pinewood, SBB and CBB were considered as alternative materials to remove antibiotics from aqueous environments.
Assessing the negative impact of an aquaculture farm on effluent water quality in Itacuruba, Pernambuco, Brazilian semiarid region
Authors: Marques Érika Alves Tavares , da Silva Gérsica Moraes Nogueira , de Oliveira Cláudia Ricardo , Cunha Maristela Casé Costa , Sobral Maria do Carmo
Published: October 2018

This study was conducted at a fish farm in Itacuruba, located in the Brazilian semiarid region. Its objective was to quantify the impacts of aquaculture on water quality by comparing effluent and inlet water, particularly in relation to CONAMA Resolution 430 (2011) limits. Regarding the effluent, electrical conductivity, total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen presented values above the limits, other parameters complied with the mentioned legislation. During the dry period, the effluent's TP values were 447% higher than the inlet water and 473% above the Resolution limit. During the wet period, TP concentration in the inlet water increased 1,000% while the effluent exceeded legislation limits by 1,175%. Based on these results, treatment of effluent from fish farms in accordance with legislation prior to its release into the receiving water body is recommended, thereby minimizing eutrophication risk for the local population, guaranteeing food security, reducing impacts to public health and aquatic biota and favoring the sustainability of the enterprise. Due to limited water resources, it is especially necessary to adopt better management practices that minimize the negative impacts of aquaculture activities.
Ascertaining evapotranspiration series by the optimized rainfall-runoff model
Authors: Chlumecky M. , Tesar M. , Buchtele J.
Published: October 2018

Considerable long-term time series of precipitations and air temperature changes were used for modelling the rainfall-runoff process. The time series were also used for the accurate assessment of the evapotranspiration demand of the Czech Elbe River. Random fluctuations of vegetation cover are taken as an indication of deviations in the evapotranspiration. The intention is to appraise such complicated time series as a long-term process. The recently modified software of the conceptual SAC-SMA model firstly enables a prompt simulation and secondly creates the conditions for automatic calibration of this model. This tool provides a separate simulation for each partial time interval with diverse expected values of evapotranspiration. This may be ascertained during the consecutive identification of optimal model parameters. The resulting evapotranspiration values are represented as outputs of modelling; these output values would be difficult to obtain from meteo-observations, e.g. measured data or computed values.
Variability of the annual amounts of station precipitation revealed by autocorrelation functions and power spectra
Authors: Lim Gyu-Ho , Suh Ae-Sook , Suh Yong-Cheol
Published: October 2018

The rainfall in Seoul, comprising “Chugugi” and modern rain-gauge measurements, shows a resilient autocorrelation peak at a time lag of 11 years and a statistically reliable suppression of the 11-year frequency in the associated spectrum function. We confirmed a similar signature in the averages of the autocorrelations and spectra of the Global Historical Climatology Network precipitations. Approximately half of the selected 3,065 stations showed the autocorrelation peak, and the associated power suppression of the 11-year period or frequency. For the global average, the spectrum suppression was pronounced, and the associated correlation peak was less notable. We were able to simulate the suppression of power by modulating white noise time series representing precipitation with a sinusoidal time series of a given frequency. For modulation, we used multiplication instead of addition. The nonlinear process seems to be the principal mechanism in the influence of the 11-year solar cycle on precipitation.
Halk Sağlığı Bakış Açısıyla Gıda Endüstrisi “Taktikleri” ve Önleme Yaklaşımları
Authors: Devran Zeynep , Aslan Diek
Published: September 2018

Bu yazının amacı gıda endüstrisindeki “sağlık” ve “iyilik” halini olumsuz etkileyebilecek öne çıkan taktiklerin neler olabileceğini tartışmak ve bu olumsuz etkilere yönelik olarak alınabilecek önlemleri halk sağlığı yaklaşımı ile ele almaktır. Gıda endüstrisi, piyasadaki etkinliklerini arttırmak için çeşitli “taktiklere” başvurmaktadır. Yiyecek, içecek ve tütün endüstrisinin birlikteliği ve kullandıkları ‘’taktiklerin/oyunların’’ benzerliği dikkat çekmektedir. Kullanılan bu “taktikler” de etik ihlaller çocukların ve gençlerin içinde olduğu bazı özel grupları etkilemektedir. Bilimsel literatürde yer alan endüstri taktikleri arasında; zararlı ürünlerin tanıtımı, yanıltıcı pazarlama kampanyaları, çocukların ve diğer hassas grupların hedef alınması, şirket lobiciliği, maddi katkılar ve bilime/bilim insanlarına yönelik olumsuz yaklaşımlar yer almaktadır. Gıda endüstrisinin sağlığı olumsuz yönde etkileyecek faaliyetlerinin önlenmesi ya da ortadan kaldırılması birey ve toplum için son derece önemlidir. Kamusal düzenlemeler zemininde sorumluluğu olan tüm bileşenler, halk sağlığında ihtiyatlılık ilkesi gereğince hareket etmelidirler.
Elektronik Nikotin İletim Sistemleri-Elektronik Sigaralar: Hayatımıza Giren Yeni Bir Halk Sağlığı Tehlikesi
Authors: Tanrıöver Özlem
Published: September 2018

Elektronik sigara, nikotin dolgulu kartuş içeren ve içindeki sıvıyı batarya ile buharlaştıran bir mekanizmaya sahip olup, sigara içmeye benzer bir kullanım gerektirmektedir. Elektronik sigara ile yanıcı sigara arasında hem tasarım, hem nikotin salınımı açısından benzerlik vardır. Elde edilen buhar, aromatik maddeleri ve çeşitli seviyelerde nikotin ve diğer toksik elementleri içeren bir buhar olarak teneffüs edilir. E-sigaralar, yanıcı tütün ürünlerinden daha az toksik olsa da, E-sigaranın sigara bırakma cihazı olarak etkinliğini destekleyen kanıtlar bulunmamaktadır. E sigaranın sağlık üzerine olumsuz etkiler yapmasına ve sigara bırakma açısından anlamlı bir başarı sağlamamasına rağmen, bu ürünlerin zaman içerisinde kullanım sıklığı artmakta ve dahası bu ürünler bir tür sigarabırakma yöntemi olarak ön plana çıkarılmaktadır. E-sigaraların sigara bıraktırmada yardımcı olarak ve zarar azaltma yöntemi de dâhil olmak üzere, potansiyel yararı kanıta dayalı olarak net bir şekilde gösterilememiştir. Bunun ötesinde mevcut veriler, E-sigaraların öncelikle ergenler ve genç yetişkinler tarafından kullanıldığını ve E-sigaraların lise öğrencileri arasında en çok kullanılan tütün ürünü olduğunu ve yanıcı sigaraların kullanımını aştığını göstermektedir. Bir diğer önemli nokta, E-sigara kullanımının halk arasında diğer yanıcı tütün ürünlerinin kullanımını da normalleştirme gibi bir algıya neden olabileceğidir. Birinci basamak sağlık çalışanları, sigaranın bırakılması ve danışmanlık hizmetlerinin sunumu açısından kilit noktada yer almaktadırlar. E-sigara, tütün endüstrisinin pazardaki yeni stratejileri arasında yer almaktadır. Başta birinci basamak çalışanları olmak üzere, tüm sağlık hizmet sunucularının konuya ilişkin bilgi ve tutumunun iyileştirilmesi, bu yeni pazarlama stratejisine karşı mücadelede önemli olacaktır. Bu iyileştirme sayesinde, toplumun bu konudaki farkındalığının artırılması ve yanlışların düzeltilmesinde önemli yol kat edilebilir.
Obezite Yönetiminde Kullanılan Grup Görüşmeleri Yönteminin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖZER Zeliha Yelda , KURDAK Hatice , ÖZCAN Sevgi
Published: September 2018

Giriş: Obezite, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve diğer bir çok uzmanlık alanı tarafından “sağlık için risk oluşturacak şekilde anormal ya daaşırı yağ birikimi” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Obezitenin etiyolojisinde birçok kompleks mekanizma yer almaktadır. Obezite,etiyolojisine benzer biçimde biyopsikososyal kültürel ve varoluşsal çok çeşitli rahatsızlıklara yol açmaktadır. Hem etiyolojisinde hemde sonuçlarındaki bu karmaşık yapı nedeniyle obezitenin tedavisi bireye özgü olmalıdır. Ancak birinci basamaktaki günlük hastabaşvurularındaki yoğunluk nedeniyle bu pek mümkün olamamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, birinci basamakta obezite yönetimi içinkullanılmış olan grup görüşmeleri (GG) yönteminin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışma niceliksel ve niteliksel araştırmayöntemlerinin bir arada kullanıldığı bir çalışma olarak planlandı. Araştırmanın nicel bölümünde araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan11 soruluk değerlendirme formu kullanıldı. Beşli Likert puanları ortalama ve standart sapma olarak hesaplandı. Nicel verilerindeğerlendirilmesinin ardından GG’leri daha detaylı incelemek ve ortaya çıkan neden-nasıl sorularına yanıt aramak amacıyla yarıyapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler yapıldı. Nitel çalışmanın yapılandırılması ve raporlanması aşamasında ise NitelikselAraştırmayı Raporlamak için Konsolide Kriterler Kılavuzu (COREQ-Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research)kullanıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmanın nicel kısmında yaş ortalaması 37,6±10,3 bulundu. Bu yanıtlar arasında en yüksek puanı (iyi/çok iyiderece) alan maddeler, katılımcıların beslenme ve egzersizin önemini kavramaya yönelik yanıtlarına aitti. Nitel kısmında; 1) olumluetkiler 2) olumsuz etkiler 3) sürdürülebilen sağlıklı yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri 4) motivasyonları 5) GG ile ilgili önerileri, olmak üzerebeş temaya ulaşıldı. Sonuç: GG, obezitenin yönetiminde, aile hekimliği disiplinin ilkeleri doğrultusunda uygulanabilir ve buçalışmada belirlenen iyileştirmelerle daha etkili hale getirilebilir.
Thyroid Volume and Doppler Indices of the Inferior Thyroid Artery in Clinically Euthyroid Adults in Kashmir
Authors: Salroo Imran Nazir , Lone Nasir Ahmad , Bashir Musharaf
Published: September 2018

The objective of the research was to evaluate thyroid volume and spectral indices (the resistivity index, the pulsatility index and the peak systolic velocity) in normal euthyroid adults in Kashmir.         Materials and methods. There was carried out a prospective observational study at a tertiary care hospital; 182 normal euthyroid adults (102 males and 80 females) were included in the study. Thyroid gland volume was calculated from grey-scale ultrasound images followed by spectral Doppler evaluation of the bilateral inferior thyroid arteries; the resistivity index, the pulsatility index and the peak systolic velocity were calculated for the bilateral inferior thyroid arteries with calculation of the mean values.         Results. The mean thyroid volume was 7.8±1.9 ml with no significant difference in males and females. The mean peak systolic velocity obtained was 15.65±6.5 cm/s. The mean pulsatility index and resistivity index were 0.95±0.29 and 0.58±0.13, respectively. There was no significant difference in the values obtained among both genders, and no significant difference was seen in values of the right and left inferior thyroid arteries.         Conclusions. The study showed no significant difference in the indices of thyroid volume and the inferior thyroid arteries measured by Doppler ultrasonography in euthyroid adult males and females. As thyroid vascularity is altered in many thyroid pathologies, the study will serve as the baseline for the evaluation of thyroid volume and Doppler parameters in patients with altered thyroid function.
Simulation Methods in the Development of Students’ Professional Competence at Higher Medical Educational Institutions
Authors: Sabadosh Rostyslav
Published: September 2018

The development of practical skills and abilities is one of the most important tasks of students and teachers of higher medical educational institutions. The ensuring of providing an effective and adequate assistance to the patient in an urgent situation is of particular importance. Various simulation methods exist in educational and medical training centers of higher medical educational institutions to practice the methods of providing medical care in emergency situations. The scientific and practical centers are equipped with training phantoms (for suturing deep wound, reducing dislocations) and allow polishing professional skills during practical classes or after them. Simulation methods give an opportunity to objectively assess the correctness of the actions performed by the student, to teach the technique of cardiac massage and artificial respiration, to correct the position of the mannequin head thereby protecting the person who performs resuscitation procedure from infectious agents. The possibility of simulation training and multiple repetitive resuscitation actions practices the students’ ability to work during an emergency until it becomes automatic. The use of simulation training of medical students allowed bringing the level of national science closer to the world standards.
Management of Necrotizing Fasciitis Following Human Bite on the Upper Limb
Authors: Mourafiq Omar , Echchaoui Abdelmoughit , Chafri Bouchaib , Salim Bouabid Ahmed , Benchebba Driss , Boussouga Moustapha
Published: September 2018

The authors describe a case of necrotizing fasciitis of the upper extremity resulting from human bite managed successfully, and emphasize the importance of early diagnostic prompt treatmentand prevention.
Prevalence of Dental Caries Among Young People Living in the Regions with Low Fluoride Levels
Authors: Oleksyn Khrystyna , Rozhko Mykola
Published: September 2018

There were examined 300 first-year/third-year students of the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University at the age of 17 to 20 years residing in Ivano-Frankivsk and the regions with low fluoride levels. Clinical examination included their medical history and oral cavity examination using a dental probe and a detection device - the DIAGNOdent. The dependency between the prevalence of tooth decay and the region of residency was found. Initial and superficial dental caries was detected in most students despite the place of residence. Moderate and advanced dental caries predominated in students residing in the regions with low levels of fluoride. Fissure caries was detected most often. The patterns of dental caries prevalence indicate the need for development and implementation of preventive and therapeutic measures to prevent complications.
Area of Competence of Primary Healthcare Specialists in the Implementation of Person-Centered Programs of Educational and Behavior Modification in Chronic Dermatoses
Authors: Cherkashyna Lidiya
Published: September 2018

Due to a significant shortage in both physicians and practical nurses that is of special relevance for healthcare services in rural areas, the distribution and cooperation of health production functions are of great importance.In this context, the effectiveness of EMB is associated, on the one hand, with the patient adherence to the substantiated recommendations and, on the other hand, with the qualification level of medical personnel in the GFM ambulatories while carrying out EBM.The objective of the research was to conduct the problem-oriented analysis of cooperating and distributing the duties of specialists in the implementation of EBM among patients with CD at the stage of primary healthcare.ResultsThere was conducted the problem-oriented analysis of qualification competencies to verify the possibility of implementing EBM by practical nurses considering typical activities of professionals. The analysis revealed the compliance of the main components of professional competence of physicians and nurses with their involvement in the process of EBM implementation among patients with CD.
Ампутації нижніх кінцівок унаслідок сучасних бойових дій (клініко-анатомічний аспект)
Authors: Guriev S.O. , Lysun D.N. , Kushnir V.A. , Satsyk S.P. , Kurachenko І.P.
Published: October 2018

Актуальність. У статті проведено аналіз клініко-анатомічного аспекту ампутацій нижніх кінцівок у постраждалих унаслідок антитерористичної операції на Сході України. Аналіз даних проводився відповідно до вимог та критеріїв доказової медицини за допомогою комп’ютерних технологій. Обсяг та характер дослідження дозволяють стверджувати, що воно має когортний характер із рівнем доказовості ІІb Oxford. Мета дослідження: визначити обсяг та потребу в ампутаціях при сучасних бойових пошкодженнях нижніх кінцівок на підставі ризик-орієнтованого підходу. Матеріали та методи. Для виконання завдання даного дослідження нами було проведено науковий аналіз 664 постраждалих із бойовими пошкодженнями нижніх кінцівок різного генезу методом випадкових чисел та безповоротної рандомізації. Результати. За нашими даними, найбільш частими є ампутації нижніх кінцівок на рівні стопи — 6,66 % випадків, на другому ранговому місці ампутація на рівні гомілки — 6,44 %, на третьому — на рівні стегна (1,09 %). Висновки. Найбільш часто пошкодження нижніх кінцівок відбувається в дистальних відділах нижніх кінцівок — 55,57 % випадків, при цьому найбільш часто ушкоджується гомілка — 39,25 %. Потреба в ампутації становить 6,48 % від масиву поранених із пошкодженням нижніх кінцівок, коливаючись від 5,76 % (стегно) до 6,66 % (стопа), тобто простежується тенденція до збільшення рівня ампутації кінцівок від дистального до проксимального відділу. Результативний ризик ампутації при пораненні нижньої кінцівки є відносно мінімальним за якісною характеристикою та становить 0,6–0,7 %. У більшості випадків пошкодження нижніх кінцівок є правобічним (51,13 %), монолатеральним (84,96 %), коефіцієнт поєднання (множинності) пошкоджень становить 1,06, (стегна — 1,08, гомілки — 1,06, стопи — 1,04). Вищевикладена клініко-анатомічна характеристика вказує на необхідність формування специфічної лікувально-діагностичної тактики надання медичної допомоги постраждалим.
Відхаркувальна терапія при гострих респіраторних інфекціях у дітей
Authors: Abaturov A.E. , Babich V.L. , Tokareva N.M.
Published: October 2018

В огляді літератури подані сучасні відомості про застосування відхаркувальної терапії при гострих респіраторних інфекціях у дітей. Для написання статті здійснювався пошук інформації з використанням баз даних Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, «Російський індекс наукового цитування». Акцентовано увагу на важливості вибору препарату для патогенетичної терапії кашлю в дитини з урахуванням ефективності й безпечності лікарського засобу. На підставі проведеного інформаційного пошуку систематизовані дані щодо фармакологічних властивостей і доказової бази клінічної ефективності, переносимості й безпеки застосування при лікуванні гострих респіраторних інфекцій у дітей одного з ефективних відхаркувальних засобів рефлекторної дії рослинного походження — препарату сухого екстракту листя плюща звичайного Пектолван Плющ (Pectolvan hedera helix).
Гемодинамическая поддержка при септическом шоке у детей. Дискуссионные вопросы в свете последних консенсусов
Authors: Heorhiants M.А. , Коrsunov V.А.
Published: October 2018

В статье проведен детальный анализ современных направлений гемодинамической поддержки при септическом шоке у детей. Представлены данные об основных классах инотропных и вазоактивных препаратов. Детально изложены подходы к выбору оптимальных направлений их использования.