bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scolytinae y Platypodinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) de un bosque mixto de pino-latifoliadas de la Sierra de Manantlán, Jalisco, México
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Castorena Pérez Aranzazú Estefanía , Jardel Peláez Enrique J. , Rivera Cervantes Luis Eugenio , Cuevas Guzmán Ramón , Equihua Martínez Armando ,   Colegio de Postgraduados
Published: August 2021

Como parte de una evaluación de causas de mortalidad de árboles, se determinó la composición de especies de escarabajos de la corteza en un bosque mixto de pino-latifoliadas en la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán, Jalisco, México. En dos rodales con condiciones ambientales similares se realizaron colectas mensuales utilizando dos tipos de trampas (recipientes con alcohol al 70% y láminas de pegamento; 46 de cada tipo), cubriendo un ciclo anual (julio de 2018 - agosto de 2019). Fueron colectadas y determinadas 17 especies de la familia Curculionidae (15 Scolytinae y dos Platypodinae); adicionalmente, se registraron siete taxones de las familias Histeridae (tres), Cleridae (tres) y Trogossitidae (una) que se comportan como depredadores de escarabajos de la corteza. Diez de las especies identificadas son nuevos registros para el estado de Jalisco: Amphicranus rameus, A. melanurus, Corthylus comatus, C. fuscus,Gnathotrichus sulcatus, Hylurgops incomptus, Monarthrum laterale, Pseudips mexicanus (Scolytinae) y Euplatypus longius y E. pini (Platypodinae). Los rodales mostraron diferencias en la abundancia de individuos colectados, lo cual se atribuye a la fase de desarrollo del brote de las poblaciones de descortezadores al momento de la medición. Los escarabajos ambrosiales fueron los más abundantes,seguidos por los Histeridae, Dendroctonus, Cleridae y Trogossitidae. La comparación del número de capturas por tipo de trampa sólo mostró diferencias significativas para los ambrosiales (t= 3.53, p= 0.001), siendo más efectivas las trampas de alcohol que las de pegamento (media del número de capturas 19.7 ± 2.3 y 8.8 ± 2 respectivamente). La mayor parte de las especies encontradas tienen amplia distribución geográfica, pero no se habían registrado para el estado Jalisco, lo cual pone de manifiesto la necesidad de más estudios taxonómicos, ecológicos y biogeográficos sobre los escarabajos de la corteza, teniendo en consideración su importancia ecológica y económica en los ecosistemas forestales.
Rediscovery of two African species of Lachesilla Westwood in Yemen, with first description of their males (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Lachesillidae)
Authors:   Muséum d'histoire Naturelle, Lienhard Charles
Published: August 2021

Lachesilla anura Badonnel and L. grandis Badonnel are recorded from Yemen and both sexes are illustrated based on this newly-stu­died material. Males of these species were previously unknown. A male specimen described and tentatively assigned to L. anura by Badonnel is herein described as Lachesilla guineensis Lienhard, n. sp. The female genitalia of L. anura are unique in the genus Lache­silla Westwood, especially due to the complete absence of gonapophyses and the presence of particularly complex sclerotizations sur­rounding the spermapore.
Mis recuerdos de Eduardo Rapoport
Authors:   Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Halffter Gonzalo
Published: August 2021

Supe de Eduardo Rapoport muy joven, cuando iniciaba mi tesis de Biólogo en los años 50´s. Mi maestro, Federico Bonet, había trabajado con Collembola y apreciaba mucho la obra de Rapoport (Rapoport publicó 41 artículos sobre Collembola y fauna del suelo entre 1958 y 1972).
DIGITAL COMPETENCE OF PEDAGOGICAL STAFF IN THE SYSTEM OF POSTGRADUATE PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION
Authors:   Ivan Ziaziun Institute of Pedagogical Education and Adult Education of the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine, Samko Alla
Published: August 2021

The main topic of the article is the issue of developing the digital competence of teachers in postgraduate education. It is noted that the development of the digital competence of the teacher is one of the key issues of education, which are related to the challenges of the current information society and the rapid technical and technological processes. The aim of the research is to single out the main problems of the development of digital competence of pedagogical workers in postgraduate pedagogical education. The main research method is a theoretical analysis of the framework and regulatory documents on standards and requirements for digital competence of teachers in the European Union and Ukraine; the best practices of the specialists of the conditions of formation of digital competence of teachers. The importance of digital competence is emphasized, which allows the teacher to participate in the information environment, to use the latest advances in technology in their professional activities. The definition of digital competence of a pedagogical worker is given. The conditions of formation of digital competence of teachers in the system of postgraduate pedagogical education are considered, such as the digitalization of education, the availability of legal documents on standards and requirements for digital competence of teachers, the need to create and implement criteria for the development of digital competence, the readiness of postgraduate education to ensure the formation of digital competence of teachers. Emphasis is placed on the challenges that hinder the effective use of digital technologies by teachers in the educational process. It is concluded that the formation of digital competence contributes to the comprehensive development of teachers, their self-improvement, the desire to learn throughout life, the ability to apply the acquired knowledge, which improves the quality of education. Changing the legal framework for standards of digital competencies, acquaintance with the achievements of the European community will help identify new approaches to building individual areas of development of digital competence of teachers.
FEATURES OF ONLINE LECTURES
Authors:   Poltava State Agrarian University, Yehorova Olena
Published: August 2021

The purpose of the article is to determine the features of video lecturing and pinpoint opportunities to improve presenting of theoretical material online. The relevance of the study is caused by the lack of experience of the majority of Ukrainian lecturers in teaching by video conferences before 2020. Insufficient covering of this issue emphasizes the urgency of the publication. To achieve our goal, the following tasks were set: to consider the main differences between online lecturing and in-class lectures and other ways of distance teaching; to generalize the main problems of students and teachers arising during online lectures; to propose the ways to solve those problems and describe the possibilities of using the advantages of online lectures. To achieve the set goal, the following methods were used in the paper: abstract, logical and comparative analysis, survey, expert evaluation, monographic, analysis and synthesis, dialectic, tabular and graphic. To study the students’ opinions concerning online lectures in March-April 2021, the anonymous survey of full-time students studying at the Faculty of Accounting and Finance of Poltava State Agrarian University was conducted. 69.7% of respondents consider this format either better or not worse than in-class lessons. The main students’ problems that appeared during online lectures were the technical ones: (the absence or low quality of Internet and hardware) and the lack of face-to-face communication. It is proposed for the educational establishment to choose the single software product for video lecturing; to make records of video lectures with their further promulgation on the platform determined by the university; for the lecturing professor to create a friendly atmosphere; to introduce the obligatory revision of the students’ notes; to ensure the opportunity for students to ask questions to the lecturer; to promote active use of interactive lecture to ensure activate participation of the students (in particular, the lectures with previously planned errors, binary lectures, and lectures-conferences).
FINANCING VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING: MODELS AND BEST PRACTICES
Authors:   SSI «Institute of Educational Analytics», Anisimova Olga
Published: August 2021

The article considers the main framework and models of financing vocational education and training (hereinafter – VET). The analysis of the best practices of financing VET is carried out, the main tasks and challenges to which the chosen model of financing should respond are defined. It is established that depending on the main source of funds, there are three groups of models of financing VET: models that use mainly national (central) budget funds, models that use mainly local budget funds, models that use a uniform combination of public and private funds. The allocation of public funds can be based on criteria set by the government in each situation, determined by the financing formula, or on a competitive market basis. In order to effectively involve employers in the process of providing VET, a dual system of training is gaining more and more development, in which the theoretical part of training based on vocational education institutions is financed by the state, and the practical part is financed directly by employers. The best practices show that an adequate model of financing VET can improve the quality of educational services provided. Requirements for receiving funds create incentives for educational institutions to improve the quality of services provided. In general, in the OECD countries, funding is provided per student from the state budget and additional targeted direct funding from the local budget. The main requirement for receiving funds from the state is the efficiency of their use, which in this case is measured as a high level of training of as many applicants for educational services. Our analysis has shown that successful financing models must be based on consistent principles, be transparent and simple, as complex funding frameworks lead to a loss of openness and distortions in the allocation of funds.
Profil Petani Dan Kelayakan Usahatani Gula Aren Di Negeri Tuhaha Kecamatan Saparua Timur Kabupaten Maluku Tengah
Authors: Mey Laukoun
Published: August 2021

Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr) adalah salah satu jenis tanaman perkebunan yang diolah masyarakat Indonesia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup mereka. Aren merupakan jenis palma yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang cukup tinggi, penyebarannya sangat luas di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mengetahui profil petani pengusaha gula aren di Negeri Tuhaha; 2) Mengetahui kelayakan usahatani gula aren di Negeri Tuhaha. Metode pengambilan dengan teknik penarikan contoh acak sederhana terhadap 10% dari jumlah petani. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis pendapatan dan investasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: 1) Petani pengolah gula aren di Negeri Tuhaha memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Tingkat umur pelaku usaha berada pada kisaran 15-64 tahun dengan jumlah  15 orang responden atau sebanyak 75 persen,; 2) Berdasarkan analisis kelayakan, maka suatu usaha industri pengolahan gula aren di Negeri Tuhaha, Kecamatan Saparua Timur, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah layak diusahakan secara finansial karena dilihat dari NPV yang diperoleh pada seluruh responden usahatani gula aren.
Clofarabine increases the eradication of minimal residual disease of primary B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia compared to high-dose cytarabine without improvement of outcome. Results from the randomized clinical trial 08-09 of the Cooperative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Study Group
Authors: Escherich Gabriele , Zur Stadt Udo , Borkhardt Arndt , Dilloo Dagmar , Faber Jörg , Feuchtinger Tobias , Imschweiler Thomas , Jorch Norbert , Pekrun Arnulf , Schmid Irene , Schramm Franziska , Spohn Michael , Zimmermann Martin , Horstmann Martin A
Published: August 2021

Novel treatment strategies are needed to improve cure for all children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To this end, we investigated the therapeutic potential of clofarabine in primary ALL in trial CoALL 08-09 (clinicaltrials gov. identifier: NCT01228331). The primary study objective was the minimal residual disease (MRD)- based comparative assessment of cytotoxic efficacies of clofarabine 5x40 mg/m2 versus high-dose cytarabine (HIDAC) 4x3g/m2, both in combination with PEG-ASP 2,500 IU/m2 as randomized intervention in early consolidation. The secondary objective was an outcome analysis focused on treatment arm dependence and MRD after randomized intervention. In B-cell precursor (BCP)-ALL, eradication of MRD was more profound after clofarabine compared to cytarabine, with 93 versus 79 of 143 randomized patients per arm reaching MRD-negativity (c2 test P=0.03, leftsided P [Fisher’s exact test]=0.04). MRD status of BCP-ALL after randomized intervention maintained its prognostic relevance, with a significant impact on event-free survival (EFS) and relapse rate. However, no difference in outcome regarding EFS and overall survival (OS) between randomized courses was observed (5-year EFS: clofarabine 85.7, SE=4.1 vs. HIDAC 84.8, SE=4.7 [P=0.96]; OS: 95.7, SE=1.9 vs. 92.2, SE=3.2 [P=0.59]), independent of covariates or overall risk strata. Severe toxicities between randomized and subsequent treatment elements were also without significant difference. In conclusion, clofarabine/PEG-ASP is effective and safe, but greater cytotoxic efficacy of clofarabine compared to HIDAC did not translate into improved outcomes indicating a lack of surrogacy of post-intervention MRD at the trial level as opposed to the patient level, which hampers a broader implementation of this regimen in the frontline treatment of ALL.
Estrategias de comunicación para enfrentar el ciberacoso en el contexto del COVID-19
Authors: Erazo Rodríguez Miriam Elizabeth , Viñan Carrasco Luis Miguel , Murillo Naranjo Myriam Elizabeth , Jiménez Granizo Cristhy Nataly
Published: August 2021

Introducción: Las nuevas tecnologías y el uso del internet forman parte de nuestra cotidianidad; transforman el lenguaje, la vida y las prácticas tradicionales. La aparición del COVID-19 ha mermado las relaciones sociales, y la población mundial enfrenta otros tipos de interacción en todos los ámbitos.  El aprendizaje indudablemente es uno de los elementos que ha tenido que migrar de los contextos presenciales a los entornos digitales, donde las relaciones entre los usuarios presentan situaciones de riesgo, como es el caso del acoso digital; existen estudios respecto al ciberacoso en el entorno educativo, pero se desconocen los tipos de estrategias que se usan de acuerdo con el nivel del problema.  Objetivo: Definir estrategias de comunicación frente al acoso digital en el contexto del COVID-19.   Metodología: El estudio es descriptivo, cuali-cuantitativo, diseño no experimental (transaccional), se  realizó una revisión de la literatura a través de la etnografía virtual para definir la accesibilidad y facilidad del uso de páginas web y redes sociales, para recopilar  información acerca de las estrategias comunicativas, se aplicó la encuesta online, con una fiabilidad del 0,815, muestra de 247 expertos de la comunicación social que laboran en la zona centro del Ecuador, el análisis de las frecuencias y el Alfa de Cronbach mediante el software SPSS-25.  Resultados: Resaltan la interacción forzada, habilidades para el uso herramientas multimedia y la alteración de contenidos por parte del acosador. Las estrategias de los comunicadores enfatizan: Educación (contenidos audiovisuales), Prevención (monitorización de las cuentas para evitar la suplantación), Evasión (no reaccionar a los comentarios del agresor para reducir el riesgo), Aceptación (aceptar lo solicitado por el acosador), Enfrentamiento (recopilación de evidencias). Conclusión: Las estrategias que usan los comunicadores sociales se enfocan en la prevención y llegan hasta el enfrentamiento para afrontar el ciberacoso de acuerdo con el nivel del problema.
La formación del Talento Humano y las Competencias Profesionales: Un nexo indisoluble para el éxito laboral.
Authors: Villacis Venegas Norma Yolanda
Published: August 2021

Introducción. Optar por un modelo de formación que logre como resultado un profesional más competente, innovador e integral y que tribute al éxito laboral, implica cambios en las estrategias didácticas-metodológicas que se desarrollan en la universidad, lo cual no siempre es sencillo. Objetivo. Fundamentar la importancia de la relación entre el proceso formativo del talento humano y el desarrollo de competencias en los profesionales, como nexo indisoluble para el éxito laboral. Metodología. Se empleó una metodología descriptiva, no experimental, con base en la revisión documental y en métodos teóricos, bajo criterios de inclusión establecidos. Resultados.1.Quedó confirmada la idea inicial de la investigación: Existe un nexo indisoluble entre el proceso formativo y las competencias profesionales alcanzadas por cada estudiante; mientras mayor optimización se logre en el proceso de formación de los talentos humanos, mejor desempeño y competencias profesionales alcanzarán, lo cual influye de manera positiva en el éxito laboral individual y también de las organizaciones y empresas donde se inserten los nuevos profesionales. 2. Es necesario la implementación y desarrollo de nuevas estrategias didácticas-metodológicas para provocar un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje significativo que permita contribuir a la formación de profesionales competentes, innovadores e integrales y a la calidad en la inserción laboral, satisfaciendo las demandas y expectativas sociales y laborales. 3. Se establecen orientaciones que pueden llegar a constituir posibles soluciones. Conclusiones. La optimización en el proceso formativo y curricular exige que este sea dinamizado, unido a la implementación de estrategias metodológicas novedosas, sobre bases científicamente sólidas. Dicho proceso está íntimamente ligado al desarrollo de las competencias profesionales, lo cual requiere contar con un claustro comprometido y actualizado, capaz de migrar de una Didáctica Tradicional, hacia una Didáctica Contemporánea y que pueda establecer en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje el nexo indisoluble entre: procesos formativos, desarrollo de competencias profesionales y éxito laboral.
Papel do cuidador domiciliar na assistência ao paciente portador do transtorno do espectro autista: Uma revisão integrativa.
Authors: Santos Allan Bruno Alves de Sousa , Lima Débora de Oliveira , Silva Ana Carolina do Nascimento Simões da , Santos Kallyne dos , Silva Mikaelle Alves , Santos Paloma Vitória Menezes dos , Barbosa Carla Conrado , Chagas Douglas Bento , Silva Luíza Alves da , Ramalho Luciana Carneiro de Brito , Sousa Bianca Barroso de , Teixeira Leandro Barbosa , Matos Dalton Ferreira , Sá Lorrayne Valério de , Lima Valéria Fernandes da Silva , Sousa Juliana da Silva , Pardelhas Maria Eduarda de Barros , Sousa Maria Helena de Lima , Silva Maria Samara da , Limp Gabriela Cristina , Furyama Luani Akemi , Paula Laiany Maiara Quirino de , Leite Nair Arrais , Silva Elias Paulo da , Ferreira Islaila Maria Silva , Silva Gedelvani Francisco Oliveira da
Published: August 2021

Este estudo tem como objetivo buscar na literatura as atividades realizadas pelo cuidador familiar a pessoa portadora do transtorno do espectro autista, apontando as suas principais dificuldades. E tem a importância de estimular a pesquisa nessa temática, abordando com ênfase ação dos cuidadores no domicilio. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo revisão integrativa de caráter qualitativo, a busca ocorreu nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS); ScientificElectronic Library Online (SciELO) e Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF). Os artigos foram coletados nos períodos de junho a julho de 2021. Foram utilizados os descritores: “Cuidadores; Assistência Domiciliar e Transtorno do Espectro Autista”, selecionados na lista dos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DECs). Foram selecionados os critérios para exclusão e inclusão no estudo, e restaram um quantitativo de 9 pesquisas usadas. A principal atividade desempenhada no cuidado a pacientes com TEA, cabe a responsabilidade das cuidadoras, sendo em sua maioria compostas por mães de pacientes, os cuidadores do sexo masculino, desempenha atividades conceituadas como auxiliares, o que gera uma sobrecarga de trabalho as cuidadoras familiares. Conclui-se que é necessário promover saúde a esses cuidadores, pois ficou claro durante a construção do estudo, que essa comunidade ainda é carente de informações sobre o diagnóstico e tratamento de TEA.
Cuidados a criança com câncer frente a pandemia de COVID-19: Revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Alves Minuchy Mendes Carneiro , Rodrigues Ayane , Leitão Ana Cecília Sales Barreto , Lourinho Lídia Andrade
Published: August 2021

A revisão integrativa tem sido uma ferramenta importante para as pesquisas na área de conhecimento da saúde uma vez que permite a síntese de pesquisas sobre determinado assunto. Inúmeros desafios de controle da disseminação da COVID-19 repercutiram no modo da população compreender todas as medidas de segurança propostas pelos órgãos de saúde pública principalmente no que se refere a transmissão. E, nesse cenário pandêmico, as crianças não são poupadas, apesar de serem menos vulneráveis ao adoecimento por esse agravo, no entanto, podem ter infecção assintomática e a eliminação do vírus nas secreções respiratórias e nas fezes parece ser mais longa do que nos adultos, o que pode contribuir para a disseminação da COVID-19. Desta forma, este estudo tem como objetivo: Realizar uma revisão integrativa de literatura sobre as principais recomendações de cuidados a criança com câncer para reduzir agravos e complicações nesse contexto da pandemia da COVID-19. A pesquisa englobou a busca e a seleção de artigos nacionais e internacionais publicados no período de 2020 a 2021. A busca dos artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL e Scopus. Os resultados da analise evidenciaram as principais recomendações estão voltadas a minimizar a ida destas crianças ao hospital para consultas de retorno ou monitoramento, ficando evidente o uso da telemedicina como principal recurso a fim de evitar a contaminação pelo novo coronavírus, o acompanhamento por testes rápidos para COVID-19 também foi bastante utilizado, redução do número de acompanhantes no hospital e uso de equipamentos de proteção como máscaras para profissionais, pacientes e acompanhantes, alguns estudos relataram que os tratamentos quimioterápicos deveriam ser suspensos, assim como cirurgias oncológicas eletivas, até que o risco de contaminação reduzisse, monitoramento dos profissionais nos setores oncológicos quanto a sinais de infecção pela covid, consultas online e monitoramento domiciliar foram também estratégias citadas.  Conclui-se que as principais recomendações envolviam proteger as crianças que já estão imunocomprometidas pela própria comorbidade que é o câncer da COVID-19, e para isso diversas instituições que trabalham com esse público fizeram uma troca de saberes e relatos de experiencias para que os outras pudessem seguir como exitosas.
Percepção da população sobre o papel do Farmacêutico no contexto da pandemia do novo coronavírus
Authors: Lacerda Maria Gabriela da Costa , Silva-Sampaio João Paulo da , Dourado Carla Solange de Melo Escórcio
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a percepção da população sobre o papel do farmacêutico no contexto da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa realizado, via plataforma Google Formulários. Foram incluídas pessoas de ambos os sexos, maiores de 18 anos, residentes no Brasil. O link do questionário foi enviado pelo WhatsApp, Instagram, Facebook e e-mail. Dos 1.748 questionários respondidos, 64,5% eram de mulheres, a média de idade dos participantes foi de 25,3±7,9 anos e a maioria se declarou parda (56,8%). Do total de participantes, 96,5% consideraram o farmacêutico profissional da saúde, no entanto 53,4% não foram atendidos por ele durante a pandemia e 68,6% não buscaram orientação deste. Constatou-se que a população deste estudo reconheceu o farmacêutico como profissional de saúde na linha de frente contra o coronavírus, porém não sabia identificar seu papel diante da pandemia.
Safety Effectiveness Evaluation of Raised Pedestrian Crossings in Ho Chi Minh City
Authors: Tran quang Vuong
Published: August 2021

Traffic crashes are one of the immediate and long-term serious problems all over the world including Vietnam. Speed is one of the direct causes of a crash. In recent years, Ho Chi Minh City has synchronously implemented many measures to manage speed, in particular, a pilot implementation of raised pedestrian crossing measures at many locations in the city. Technical efficiency assessment of this measure is necessary to help the city build more scientific evidence for scaling up successful measures. This study was conducted at four locations on Ton Duc Thang Street, District 1, with four vehicle groups including motorbikes, cars, trucks, and buses. The results indicate that this measure had a positive effect on V85 speed with four group of vehicles at 35.5km/h or more. The effectiveness was stronger for greater widths of raised pedestrian crossing i.e., more effective at 10.5m of raised pedestrian crossings width than 7.5m. This measure reduces V85 speed of vehicles by nearly 14% on 10.5m of raised pedestrian crossings width, and positive impacts are highest for cars (13.93%), and lowest for trucks (6.54%). While traffic volume and the surrounding context may impact on the result, they are not considered in this study. These results provide important scientific evidence for scaling up this measure city wide in the future.
Economic impact of 30km/h - Benefits and Costs of Speeds in an urban environment
Authors: Neki Kazuyuki , Lumumba Milly , Mitra Sudeshna , Job Soames
Published: August 2021

Speed has fundamental economic costs which are hidden for many stakeholders. On the other hand, the economic benefits of speed are highly visible and strongly promoted by benefiting stakeholders and indeed carefully considered in cost-benefit assessments by road operating agencies. Thus, the main purpose of this paper is to explore and present the benefits and costs of low speed roads in urban environments.
Population abundance of recovering humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae and other baleen whales in the Scotia Arc, South Atlantic
Authors: Baines M , Kelly N , Reichelt M , Lacey C , Pinder S , Fielding S , Murphy E , Trathan P , Biuw M , Lindstrøm U , Krafft BA , Jackson JA
Published: August 2021

Following the cessation of whaling, South Atlantic populations of humpbackMegaptera novaeangliaeand some other baleen whale species are recovering, but there has been limited monitoring of their recovery in the Scotia Arc, a former whaling epicentre and a hotspot for Antarctic krillEuphausia superba. To inform the management of krill fisheries, up-to-date assessment of whale biomass and prey consumption is essential. Using a model-based approach, we provide the first estimates of whale abundance and krill consumption for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands and total abundance of humpback whales across their southwestern Atlantic feeding grounds, using data collected in 2019. Humpback whale abundance was estimated at 24543 (coefficient of variation, CV = 0.26; 95% CI = 14863-40528), similar to that measured in Brazil on the main wintering ground for this population. The abundance of baleen whales in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, including those not identified to species level, was estimated at 43824 (CV = 0.15, 95% CI = 33509-59077). Based on the proportion of humpback whales identified during the surveys (83%), the majority of these are likely to be humpback whales. Annual krill consumption by baleen whales was estimated to be in the range 4.8 to 7.2 million tons, representing 7 to 10% of the estimated krill biomass in the region. However, there is a need to better understand feeding rates in baleen whales, and further research into this field should be a priority to improve the accuracy and precision of prey consumption rate estimation.
Librarian E-Readiness in the Disruption 4.0 Era
Authors: Sasmita Surya Adi
Published: August 2021

In the era of disruption of the industrial revolution 4.0 as it is today, there are almost no difficulties in meeting information needs. Both information that is educational or information that is entertainment. A librarian is a profession whose job is to provide and present information to its users. how is the level of readiness of higher education librarians in the era of disruption including what factors affect the readiness of librarians and how librarians adjust to the era of disruption 4.0. In this study using the method of Quantitative Research. This method was chosen by the author because the author wanted to know the level of readiness to implement the development of information technology with the basis or tools on the model developed by Mutula and Brakel. E Readiness, shows a value of 3.393. The value can mean “Ready”. This average calculation is obtained from the average results for each sub-indicator which then becomes the value for each segment or indicator and then is averaged again to find the value of readiness information for the era of disruption 4.0.

 

Pada era disrupsi revolusi industri 4.0 seperti saat ini, hampir tidak ada kesulitan dalam hal pemenuhan kebutuhan informasi. Baik informasi yang bersifat pendidikan ataupun informasi yang bersifat hiburan. Pustakawan salah satu profesi yang bertugas menyediakan dan menyajikan informasi bagi penggunanya. bagaimana tingkat kesiapan pustakawan peguruan tinggi dalam era disrupsi termasuk faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kesiapan dari pustakawan dan bagaimana pustakawan dalam menyesuaikan diri dalam era disrupsi 4.0. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode Quantitative Research. Metode ini dipilih penulis karena penulis ingin mengetahui tingkat kesiapan implementasi perkembangan teknologi informasi dengan dasar atau tool pada model yang dikembangkan mutula dan brakel. E Readiness, menunjukan nilai 3,393. Nilai tersebut dapat berarti “Siap”. Perhitungan rata – rata ini didapatkan dari hasil rata – rata pada setiap sub indikator yang kemudian menjadi nilai pada setiap segmen atau indikator dan kemudian di rata – rata kembali untuk menemukan nilai keterangan kesiapan terhadap era disrupsi 4.0.
Dimensions of the Suckling Pig
Authors: Smith Benjamin C. , Ramirez Brett C.
Published: August 2021

The rising prewean mortality rates in swine production are a great economic and production burden to the swine industry. The thermal environment for a piglet is commonly adapted to the piglet's specific needs with a key factor of surface area impacting all modes of heat transfer. The current standard for pig dimensions was originally accepted in 1968 and has yet to be updated with clear data from piglets during lactation. The objective of this study was to collect and evaluate the dimensions of body weight, length, height and width of piglets during lactation. Eight litters from geriatric sows (commercial cross breds) were utilized in this study with data collected every day from birth to weaning (23–32 days of age). The evaluation of the dimensions with effects of litter size and sex showed that sex of the piglet does not have a significant impact on dimensions while litter size does. The piglets in this study were smaller than the standard at birth, likely attributed to changes in genetics and an increase in total born. The results of this study showed a slight difference in dimension at the heavier weights to a study with nursery pigs however there are differences in genetics. The data and equations presented in this study will be valuable for the design of creep areas and supplemental heat sources to accommodate the size of modern piglets during lactation.
Landscape of Prognostic m6A RNA Methylation Regulators in Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Aid Immunotherapy
Authors: Xu Qianhui , Xu Hao , Deng Rongshan , Li Nanjun , Mu Ruiqi , Qi Zhixuan , Shen Yunuo , Wang Zijie , Wen Jingchao , Zhao Jiaxin , Weng Di , Huang Wen
Published: August 2021

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy with a high mortality worldwide. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) may participate extensively in tumor progression.

Methods:To reveal the landscape of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), ESTIMATE analysis, ssGSEA algorithm, and the CIBERSORT method were used. Taking advantage of consensus clustering, two different HCC categories were screened. We analyzed the correlation of clustering results with TIME and immunotherapy. Then, we yielded a risk signature by systematical bioinformatics analyses. Immunophenoscore (IPS) was implemented to estimate the immunotherapeutic significance of risk signature.

Results:The m6A-based clusters were significantly correlated with overall survival (OS), immune score, immunological signature, immune infiltrating, and ICB-associated genes. Risk signature possessed robust prognostic validity and significantly correlated with TIME context. IPS was employed as a surrogate of immunotherapeutic outcome, and patients with low-risk scores showed significantly higher immunophenoscores.

Conclusion:Collectively, m6A-based clustering subtype and signature was a robust prognostic indicator and correlated with TIME and immunotherapy, providing novel insight into antitumor management and prognostic prediction in HCC.
Strong as a Hippo’s Heart: Biomechanical Hippo Signaling During Zebrafish Cardiac Development
Authors: Bornhorst Dorothee , Abdelilah-Seyfried Salim
Published: August 2021

The heart is comprised of multiple tissues that contribute to its physiological functions. During development, the growth of myocardium and endocardium is coupled and morphogenetic processes within these separate tissue layers are integrated. Here, we discuss the roles of mechanosensitive Hippo signaling in growth and morphogenesis of the zebrafish heart. Hippo signaling is involved in defining numbers of cardiac progenitor cells derived from the secondary heart field, in restricting the growth of the epicardium, and in guiding trabeculation and outflow tract formation. Recent work also shows that myocardial chamber dimensions serve as a blueprint for Hippo signaling-dependent growth of the endocardium. Evidently, Hippo pathway components act at the crossroads of various signaling pathways involved in embryonic zebrafish heart development. Elucidating how biomechanical Hippo signaling guides heart morphogenesis has direct implications for our understanding of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
Discovery of Quality Markers of Nucleobases, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Amino Acids for Chrysanthemi Flos From Different Geographical Origins Using UPLC–MS/MS Combined With Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Authors: Chang Xiangwei , Zhang Zhenyu , Yan Hui , Su Shulan , Wei Dandan , Guo Sheng , Shang Erxin , Sun Xiaodong , Gui Shuangying , Duan Jinao
Published: August 2021

Nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and amino acids, as crucial nutrient compositions, play essential roles in determining the flavor, function and quality of Chrysanthemi Flos. The quality of Chrysanthemi Flos from different geographical origins is uneven, but there have been no reports about the screening of their quality markers based on nutritional ingredients. Here, we developed a comprehensive strategy integrating ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) and multivariate statistical analysis to explore quality markers of Chrysanthemi Flos from different geographical origins and conduct quality evaluation and discrimination of them. Firstly, a fast, sensitive, and reliable UPLC–MS/MS method was established for simultaneous quantification 28 nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and amino acids of Chrysanthemi Flos from nine different regions in China. The results demonstrated that Chrysanthemi Flos from nine different cultivation regions were rich in the above 28 nutritional contents and their contents were obvious different; however, correlation analysis showed that altitude was not the main factor for these differences, which required further investigation. Subsequently, eight crucial quality markers for nine different geographical origins of Chrysanthemi Flos, namely, 2′-deoxyadenosine, guanosine, adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate (cAMP), guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), arginine, proline, glutamate and tryptophan, were screened for the first time using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and the plot of variable importance for projection (VIP). Moreover, a hierarchical clustering analysis heat map was employed to intuitively clarify the distribution of eight quality markers in the nine different regions of Chrysanthemi Flos. Finally, based on the contents of selected eight quality markers, support vector machines (SVM) model was established to predict the geographical origins of Chrysanthemi Flos, which yielded excellent prediction performance with an average prediction accuracy of 100%. Taken together, the proposed strategy was suitable to discover the quality markers of Chrysanthemi Flos and could be used to discriminate its geographical origin.
Molecular and Functional Characteristics of DNA Polymerase Beta-Like Enzymes From Trypanosomatids
Authors: Maldonado Edio , Morales-Pison Sebastian , Urbina Fabiola , Solari Aldo
Published: August 2021

Trypanosomatids are a group of primitive unicellular eukaryotes that can cause diseases in plants, insects, animals, and humans. Kinetoplast genome integrity is key to trypanosomatid cell survival and viability. Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) is usually under attack by reactive oxygen and nitric species (ROS and RNS), damaging the DNA, and the cells must remove and repair those oxidatively generated lesions in order to survive and proliferate. Base excision repair (BER) is a well-conserved pathway for DNA repair after base damage, single-base loss, and single-strand breaks, which can arise from ROS, RSN, environmental genotoxic agents, and UV irradiation. A powerful BER system has been described in the T. cruzi kinetoplast and it is mainly carried out by DNA polymerase β (pol β) and DNA polymerase β-PAK (pol β-PAK), which are kinetoplast-located in T. cruzi as well as in other trypanosomatids. Both pol β and pol β-PAK belong to the X-family of DNA polymerases (pol X family), perform BER in trypanosomatids, and display intrinsic 5-deoxyribose phosphate (dRP) lyase and DNA polymerase activities. However, only Pol β-PAK is able to carry out trans-lesion synthesis (TLS) across 8oxoG lesions. T. cruzi cells overexpressing pol β are more resistant to ROS and are also more efficient to repair 8oxoG compared to control cells. Pol β seems to play a role in kDNA replication, since it associates with kinetoplast antipodal sites in those development stages in trypanosomatids which are competent for cell replication. ROS treatment of cells induces the overexpression of pol β, indicating that plays a role in kDNA repair. In this review, we will summarize the main features of trypanosomatid minicircle kDNA replication and the biochemical characteristics of pol β-like enzymes and their involvement in BER and kDNA replication. We also summarize key structural features of trypanosomatid pol β compared to their mammalian (human) counterpart.
Exogenous Autoinducer-2 Rescues Intestinal Dysbiosis and Intestinal Inflammation in a Neonatal Mouse Necrotizing Enterocolitis Model
Authors: Ji Yan-Chun , Sun Qian , Fu Chun-Yan , She Xiang , Liu Xiao-Chen , He Yu , Ai Qing , Li Lu-Quan , Wang Zheng-Li
Published: August 2021

Autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is believed to be a bacterial interspecies signaling molecule that plays an important role in the regulation of the physiological behaviors of bacteria. The effect of AI-2 on the process of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is unknown, and the aim of this study was to study the effect of AI-2 in a mouse NEC model. C57BL/6 mouse pups were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, the NEC group, and the NEC+AI-2 (NA) group. Exogenous AI-2 (500 nM) was added to the formula milk of the NA group. The concentrations of fecal AI-2 and flora were tested. The expression of cytokines, TLR4 and NF-κB in intestinal tissue was detected. The AI-2 level was significantly decreased in the NEC group (P<0.05). Compared with the NEC group, the intestinal injury scores, expression of TLR4, NF-kB, and proinflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) were reduced, and expression of anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10) was increased in the NA group mice (P<0.05). At the phylum level, the Proteobacteria abundance in the NA group was significantly increased, while the Bacteroidota abundance in the control group was significantly increased (P<0.05). At the genus level, Helicobacter and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 exhibited significantly greater abundance in the NEC group than in the other two groups, while Lactobacillus had the opposite trend (P<0.05). In addition, the abundances of Klebsiella, Rodentibacter and Enterococcus were significantly higher in the NA group than in the NEC and control groups (P < 0.05). Exogenous AI-2 partially reverses flora disorder and decreases inflammation in an NEC mouse model.
The Influence of Respiration on Blood Flow in the Fontan Circulation: Insights for Imaging-Based Clinical Evaluation of the Total Cavopulmonary Connection
Authors: van der Woude Séline F. S. , Rijnberg Friso M. , Hazekamp Mark G. , Jongbloed Monique R. M. , Kenjeres Sasa , Lamb Hildo J. , Westenberg Jos J. M. , Roest Arno A. W. , Wentzel Jolanda J.
Published: August 2021

Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect and functionally univentricular heart defects represent the most severe end of this spectrum. The Fontan circulation provides an unique solution for single ventricle patients, by connecting both caval veins directly to the pulmonary arteries. As a result, the pulmonary circulation in Fontan palliated patients is characterized by a passive, low-energy circulation that depends on increased systemic venous pressure to drive blood toward the lungs. The absence of a subpulmonary ventricle led to the widely believed concept that respiration, by sucking blood to the pulmonary circulation during inspiration, is of great importance as a driving force for antegrade blood flow in Fontan patients. However, recent studies show that respiration influences pulsatility, but has a limited effect on net forward flow in the Fontan circulation. Importantly, since MRI examination is recommended every 2 years in Fontan patients, clinicians should be aware that most conventional MRI flow sequences do not capture the pulsatility of the blood flow as a result of the respiration. In this review, the unique flow dynamics influenced by the cardiac and respiratory cycle at multiple locations within the Fontan circulation is discussed. The impact of (not) incorporating respiration in different MRI flow sequences on the interpretation of clinical flow parameters will be covered. Finally, the influence of incorporating respiration in advanced computational fluid dynamic modeling will be outlined.
Morphomolecular Characterization of Serum Nanovesicles From Microbiomes Differentiates Stable and Infarcted Atherosclerotic Patients
Authors: Moreno Camila Rodrigues , Ramires José Antonio Franchini , Lotufo Paulo Andrade , Soeiro Alexandre Matos , Oliveira Luanda Mara da Silva , Ikegami Renata Nishiyama , Kawakami Joyce Tiyeko , Pereira Jaqueline de Jesus , Reis Marcia Martins , Higuchi Maria de Lourdes
Published: August 2021

Microbial communities are considered decisive for maintaining a healthy situation or for determining diseases. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is an important complication of atherosclerosis caused by the rupture of atheroma plaques containing proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), damaged proteins, lipids, and DNA, a microenvironment compatible with a pathogenic microbial community. Previously, we found that archaeal DNA-positive infectious microvesicles (iMVs) were detected in vulnerable plaques and in the sera of Chagas disease patients with heart failure. Now, we characterize and quantify the levels of serum microbiome extracellular vesicles through their size and content using morphomolecular techniques to differentiate clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD). We detected increased numbers of large iMVs (0.8–1.34 nm) with highly negative surface charge that were positive for archaeal DNA, Mycoplasma pneumoniae antigens and MMP9 in the sera of severe AMI patients, strongly favoring our hypothesis that pathogenic archaea may play a role in the worst outcomes of atherosclerosis. The highest numbers of EVs <100 nm (exosomes) and MVs from 100 to 200 nm in the stable atherosclerotic and control healthy groups compared with the AMI groups were indicative that these EVs are protective, entrapping and degrading infectious antigens and active MMP9 and protect against the development of plaque rupture.

Conclusion: A microbiome with pathogenic archaea is associated with high numbers of serum iMVs in AMI with the worst prognosis. This pioneering work demonstrates that the morphomolecular characterization and quantification of iEVs in serum may constitute a promising serum prognostic biomarker in CAD.
Antithrombotic Treatment After Surgical and Transcatheter Heart Valve Repair and Replacement
Authors: Verstraete Andreas , Herregods Marie Christine , Verbrugghe Peter , Lamberigts Marie , Vanassche Thomas , Meyns Bart , Oosterlinck Wouter , Rega Filip , Adriaenssens Tom , Van Hoof Lucas , Keuleers Siegmund , Vandenbriele Christophe , Sinnaeve Peter , Janssens Stefan , Dubois Christophe , Meuris Bart , Verhamme Peter
Published: August 2021

New antithrombotic drugs have been developed, new valve types have been designed and minimally invasive transcatheter techniques have emerged, making the choice of antithrombotic therapy after surgical or transcatheter heart valve repair and replacement increasingly complex. Moreover, due to a lack of large randomized controlled trials many recommendations for antithrombotic therapy are based on expert opinion, reflected by divergent recommendations in current guidelines. Therefore, decision-making in clinical practice regarding antithrombotic therapy for prosthetic heart valves is difficult, potentially resulting in sub-optimal patient treatment. This article compares the 2017 ESC/EACTS and 2020 ACC/AHA guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease and summarizes the available evidence. Finally, we established a convenient consensus on antithrombotic therapy after valve interventions based on over 800 annual cases of surgical and transcatheter heart valve repair and replacement and a multidisciplinary team discussion between the department of cardiovascular diseases and cardiac surgery of the University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.