bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Da política dos espaços públicos: esfera pública e política urbana no caso do ecolimite da rocinha/On the politics of the public spaces: public sphere and urban politics in the case of the ecolimite of Rocinha
Authors: Machado Ana Brasil
Published: August 2018

RESUMOO projeto dos ecolimites foi concebido e implementado ao longo dos anos 2000 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Seu objetivo manifesto era conter a expansão das favelas sobre áreas de proteção ambiental. Em uma situação geográfica particular, a da favela da Rocinha, o projeto tomou a forma de um parque urbano dotado de diversos equipamentos de lazer. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a implantação do Parque Ecológico da Rocinha a partir das perspectivas da esfera pública e da política urbana, contribuindo assim para o debate acerca da dimensão política dos espaços públicos.Palavras-chave: ecolimites, esfera pública, política urbana. ABSTRACTThe ecolimites project was conceived and implemented throughout the years 2000 in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Its overt goal was to contain the expansion of favelas over areas of environmental protection. In a particular geographical situation, the favela of Rocinha, the project took the form of an urban park equipped with various leisure facilities. This article aims to discuss the implementation of the Rocinha Ecological Park from the perspectives of the public sphere and urban politics, thus contributing to the debate about the political dimension of public spaces.Keywords: ecolimits, public sphere, urban politics
Identification of WD40 gene family in Prunus mume and its expression level under light illumination
Authors: Fanfan Yue , Yougen Chen , Bingjing Liu , Defang Gan , Hua Wang , Dongliang Wang
Published: August 2018

The WD40 gene family in Prunusmume was identified by bioinformatics analysis., The evolution and function of WD40 gene family were predicted by phylogenetic analysis, chromosome localization analysis, protein sequence analysis, exon-intron structure analysis. The results showed that the WD40 gene family contained 77 members, which were divided into 61 groups, and only 18 groups had more than one member. When the plum plants were treated with different density of light illumination, the content of anthocyanin in plants was increased with the illumination enhancement, qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the expression of 27 WD40 genes showed the same expression trend. The results of this study can provide useful information for further studying the function of WD40 genes in Prunusmume.
Biosafety by definition: an analysis of the New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority’s reasons for not classifying organisms treated with double-stranded RNA as genetically modified or new organisms
Authors: Heinemann Jack A
Published: August 2018

The New Zealand Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) issued a Decision that makes the use of externally applied double-stranded (ds)RNA molecules on eukaryotic cells or organisms technically out of scope of legislation on new organisms, because in its view the treatment does not create new or genetically modified organisms. dsRNA molecules can be potent gene regulators in eukaryotes, causing what is known as RNA interference. RNA-based technology holds promise for addressing complex and persistent challenges in public health, agriculture and conservation but also raises the threat of unintended consequences. The Decision rests on their conclusion that dsRNA treatments do not modify genes or other genetic material and are therefore not heritable. The EPA conclusion is not consistent with the totality of peer-reviewed research on dsRNA or industry claims. The Decision applies to nearly all eukaryotes, however, the EPA relied upon knowledge of relatively few eukaryotes and its analysis neglected known exceptions. The Decision also has not taken into account the unique eukaryotic biodiversity of the country, much of which is still to be described. The regulator has potentially created precedent-setting definitions of previously undefined or alternatively defined key terms that trigger obligations under binding international agreements, in addition to domestic legislation. Finally, by placing no restriction on the source or means of modifying the dsRNA, the EPA removed regulatory oversight that could prevent the accidental release of viral genes or genomes. This article examines the scientific evidence, conclusions and recommendations of the EPA and also presents some additional options.
Effect of sex on glucose handling by adipocytes isolated from rat subcutaneous, mesenteric and perigonadal adipose tissue
Authors: Rotondo Floriana , Ho-Palma Ana Cecilia , Remesar Xavier , Fernández-López José Antonio , Romero María del Mar , Alemany Marià
Published: August 2018

Background

Adult rat epididymal adipocytes are able to convert large amounts of glucose to lactate and glycerol. However, fatty acid efflux is much lower than that expected from glycerol levels if they were the product of lipolysis. Use of glucose for lipogenesis is limited, in contrast with the active glycolysis-derived lactate (and other 3-carbon substrates). In this study, we analyzed whether white adipose tissue (WAT) site and sex affect these processes.

Methods

Mature adipocytes from perigonadal, mesenteric and subcutaneous WAT of female and male rats were isolated, and incubated with 7 or 14 mM glucose during 1 or 2 days. Glucose consumption, metabolite efflux and gene expression of glycolytic and lipogenesis-related genes were measured.

Results

The effects of medium initial glucose concentration were minimal on most parameters studied. Sex-induced differences that were more extensive; however, the most marked, distinct, effects between WAT sites, were dependent on the time of incubation. In general, the production of lactate was maintained during the incubation, but glycerol release rates increased with time, shifting from a largely glycolytic origin to its triacylglycerol (TAG) lipolytic release. Glycerol incorporation was concurrent with increased TAG turnover: lipolytic glycerol was selectively secreted, while most fatty acids were recycled again into TAG. Fatty acid efflux increased with incubation, but was, nevertheless, minimal compared with that of glycerol. Production of lactate and glycerol from glucose were maximal in mesenteric WAT.

Discussion

Female rats showed a higher adipocyte metabolic activity than males. In mesenteric WAT, gene expression (and substrate efflux) data suggested that adipocyte oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA was higher in females than in males, with enhanced return of oxaloacetate to the cytoplasm for its final conversion to lactate. WAT site differences showed marked tissue specialization-related differences. Use of glucose for lipogenesis was seriously hampered over time, when TAG turnover-related lipolysis was activated. We postulate that these mechanisms may help decrease glycaemia and fat storage, producing, instead, a higher availability of less-regulated 3-carbon substrates, used for energy elsewhere.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ ТЕРМОРАСШИРЕННОГО ГРАФИТА, МОДИФИЦИРОВАННОГО ФЕРРИТОМ МАГНИЯ, "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Иванов А.В. , Павлова Ю.А. , Максимова Н.В. , Похолок К.В. , Малахо А.П. , Авдеев В.В.
Published: August 2018

Получен магнитный сорбент на основе терморасширенного графита, модифицированного ферритом магния, путем пропитки окисленного графита в смешанном растворе FeCl3 и Mg(NO3)2 с последующей термообработкой пропитанного окисленного графита на воздухе. Методами рентгенофазового анализа и мессбауэровской спектроскопии показано, что структура феррита магния представляет собой обращенную шпинель со степенью инверсии 0.59. Намагниченность насыщения полученного терморасширенного графита, содержащего феррит магния, составляла 16.1 эме/г, в то время как его сорбционная емкость по отношению к нефти достигала 54 г/г. При прессовании терморасширенного графита до плотности 0.03 г/см3 его сорбционная емкость уменьшалась до 26 г/г, дальнейшее увеличение плотности приводило к значительному снижению сорбционной способности образца.
ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА FENB2O6 И FETA2O6, "Неорганические материалы"
Authors: Мансурова А.Н. , Чумарев В.М. , Гуляева Р.И.
Published: August 2018

Эмпирическими расчетными методами определены энтальпия, энтропия, теплоемкость, коэффициенты А, В, С уравнения температурной зависимости теплоемкости, температура плавления нио­бата и танталата железа (II). Экспериментально определенная температура плавления FeTa2O6 равна 1891±5 К. Расчетные величины теплоемкости танталата железа и энергий Гиббса образования FeNb2O6 и FeTa2O6 сопоставлены с известными данными.
НИТРАТНЫЙ СИГНАЛИНГ В РАСТЕНИЯХ. ВВЕДЕНИЕ В ПРОБЛЕМУ, "Физиология растений"
Authors: Измайлов С.Ф. , Никитин А.В. , РОДИОНОВ В.А.
Published: August 2018

В обзоре рассматриваются вопросы экологии почвенных фондов нитрата как эволюционной основы возникновения и проявления его свойств в качестве сигнального агента в растениях. Дается историо- графия и современное состояние проблемы сигналинга применительно к процессам сенсинга, поглощения, транспорта и запасания нитрата, а также регуляции азотного, углеродного и вторичного обмена.
К ВОПРОСУ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ В ГЕОЛОГИИ, "Литология и полезные ископаемые"
Authors: Лаломов А.В. , Наумов В.А.
Published: August 2018

Проанализированы наиболее характерные ошибки применения методов математической статистики и моделирования, которые периодически встречаются при рецензировании статей в геологических научных журналах, а также даны рекомендации по их устранению. Рассмотрены вопросы определения относительной ошибки упрощенных математических моделей, показана необходимость вычисления параметров фона и устранение его влияния на расчет “полезного сигнала”, а также предложен (для обсуждения и проверки) графический метод определения минимально-аномального содержания. Продемонстрированы характерные ошибки и показана необходимость соблюдения условий применения корреляционного анализа.
АДСОРБЦИЯ ИОНОВ НИКЕЛЯ (II) АЛЮМОСИЛИКАТАМИ, МОДИФИЦИРОВАННЫМИ ПОЛИ-1-ВИНИЛИМИДАЗОЛОМ И ПОЛИ-4-ВИНИЛПИРИДИНОМ, "Физикохимия поверхности и защита материалов"
Authors: Помазкина О.И. , Филатова Е.Г. , Лебедева О.В. , Пожидаев Ю.Н.
Published: August 2018

Представлены данные по синтезу и сорбционным свойствам модифицированных поли-1-винил- имидазолом (ПВИМ) и поли-4-винилпиридином (ПВП) природных алюмосиликатов кальция. Наиболее полное извлечение ионов никеля (II) из растворов с низкой концентрацией наблюдается для алюмосиликатов, модифицированных ПВП. Адсорбцию ионов никеля (II) алюмосиликатами, модифицированных ПВИМ наилучшим образом описывает модель адсорбции Фрейндлиха. В случае алюмосиликатов, модифицированных ПВП, более адекватна модель Ленгмюра. Значения свободной энергии адсорбции указывают на химическую природу взаимодействия ионов никеля (II) с модифицированными алюмосиликатами.
ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ ЛИШАЙНИКА ЛОБАРИЯ ЛЕГОЧНАЯ (LOBARIA PULMONARIA (L.) HOFFM.) В ЛЕСНЫХ СООБЩЕСТВАХ С РАЗНОЙ ДАВНОСТЬЮ НАРУШЕНИЯ НА СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДЕ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ РОССИИ, "Экология"
Authors: Игнатенко Р. В. , Тарасова В. Н.
Published: August 2018

Приведены результаты исследования количественных показателей ценопопуляций охраняемого цианолишайника Lobaria pulmonaria в еловых фитоценозах, восстанавливающихся через стадию осиновых лесов, на территории Республики Карелия. Показано, что при увеличении давности нарушения с 80 до 450 лет общее число талломов вида и число субстратных единиц возрастают, и стабилизации этих показателей в изученном ряду сообществ не наблюдается. Восстановление общей суммарной площади талломов в фитоценозах наступает спустя 200 лет после нарушения. В малонарушенных лесах (>400 лет) талломы L. pulmonaria колонизируют большой спектр деревьев различной видовой принадлежности и состояния, включая нижние ветви молодых елей, которые даже в качестве временного субстрата могут заметно повысить шансы вида на дальнейшее расселение в сообществе при недостатке основного форофита (осины). При этом доля регрессивных субпопуляций уменьшается, а колонизирующих - увеличивается, что указывает на успешное внутреннее воспроизводство вида.
ПЛЕЙСТОЦЕНОВЫЕ РЕФУГИУМЫ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ CALLUNA VULGARIS (L.) HULL ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ПРИАТЛАНТИКИ, "Экология"
Authors: Санников С.Н. , Петрова И.В. , Пауле Л. , Егоров Е.В. , Черепанова О.Е. , Дымшакова О.С.
Published: August 2018

В итоге сравнительного анализа распространения 9 гаплотипов хлоропластной ДНК в четырех островных северо-атлантических и четырех европейских приатлантических популяциях Calluna vulgaris ледниковой зоны ареала, с одной стороны, а также в шести маргинальных южных популяциях внеледниковой зоны Атлантики и Средиземноморья, с другой, выявлены два гипотетичных плейстоценовых рефугиума (ГПР) этого вида. По параметру 1-FST установлено, что изучавшаяся группа популяций ледниковой зоны Атлантики и смежной европейской Приатлантики на высоко достоверном уровне (р  0.999) генетически сходна с ГПР в Севеннах, в меньшей мере с ГПР в Тренто, но резко отличается от других тестированных популяций Средиземноморья и Атлантики. Сделан вывод о том, что наиболее вероятный гипотетический плейстоценовый рефугиум для современных популяций C. vulgaris северо-восточной Атлантики и Приатлантики располагался на западе Средиземноморья, в горном массиве Севенны, а аддитивный - в Южных Альпах (Тренто). Выявлены вероятные направления пост- гляциальной реколонизация популяций C. vulgaris из западного Средиземноморья на северо-запад Атлантики и в Скандинавию.
АНАЛИЗ МНОГОЛЕТНЕЙ ДИНАМИКИ ПОПУЛЯЦИОННЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПАШЕННОГО ЧЕРВЯ (APORRECTODEA CALIGINOSA) В ЗАТОПЛЯЕМОМ ОЛЬШАНИКЕ ВОРОНЕЖСКОГО ЗАПОВЕДНИКА, "Экология"
Authors: Емец В.М.
Published: August 2018

Анализировали 20-летнюю динамику весенних популяционных параметров (ПП: средней плотности - экз/0.25 м2, доли неразмножающихся особей в выборке из 12 почвенных проб), а также 10-летнюю динамику летних и осенних ПП пашенного червя (Aporrectodea caliginosa) в ежегодно затапливаемом ольшанике Воронежского заповедника. В 20-летней динамике весенней средней плотности выявлены три полных 3-летних цикла и один полный 6-летний; установлена тесная корреляция 20-летних рядов средней плотности и доли неразмножающихся особей в весенний период; 10-летний ряд летней средней плотности тесно коррелировал с 10-летним динамическим рядом количества осадков в летний период.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ДРОЖЖЕВОГО ДИСПЛЕЯ В?БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ И КЛЕТОЧНОЙ БИОЛОГИИ (ОБЗОР), "Прикладная биохимия и микробиология"
Authors: Падкина М.В. , Самбук Е.В.
Published: August 2018

Технология дрожжевого дисплея, появившаяся 20 лет назад и основанная на экспонировании на поверхности клетки целевых белков за счет их слияния с белками клеточной стенки, находит все более широкое применение в фундаментальных и прикладных исследованиях. К основному преимуществу поверхностного дисплея на основе эукариотических микроорганизмов - дрожжей относится возможность корректной модификации белков млекопитающих. Поверхностный дисплей является одним из инструментов изучения функций белков, межбелковых взаимодействий, анализа и селекции пептидных и белковых библиотек. Данная технология позволяет получать клетки дрожжей, которые обладают такими новыми свойствами, как каталитическая активность, способность связывать определенные лиганды, в том числе, редкие и тяжелые металлы. Это дает возможность использовать дрожжи в биотехнологии, а также для биоремедиации и биомониторинга окружающей среды. В обзоре рассмотрены способы получения поверхностного дисплея на основе дрожжей Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris и Yarrowia lipolytica, свойства якорных белков и основные области применения технологии дрожжевого дисплея.
КЛОНИРОВАНИЕ, ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕ И?ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СВОЙСТВ НОВОЙ ГОМОЛОГИЧНОЙ ЭКЗО-АРАБИНАЗЫ ГРИБА PENICILLIUM CANESCENS, "Прикладная биохимия и микробиология"
Authors: Семёнова М.В. , Волков П.В. , Рожкова А.М. , Зоров И.Н. , Синицын А.П.
Published: August 2018

Исследован новый фермент экзо-арабиназа (GH93, экзо-АБН), продуцируемый аскомицетным грибом Penicillium canescens. В результате клонирования гена abn1, кодирующего экзо-АБН, в штамм-реципиент P. canescens RN3-11-7 получены рекомбинантные штаммы-продуценты, способные с высоким выходом продуцировать внеклеточную экзо-АБН (20-30% от общего количества внеклеточного белка). С помощью хроматографических методов была получена гомогенная по данным электрофореза в ПААГ с Na-ДДС экзо-АБН с молекулярной массой 47 кДа. Фермент обладал высокой удельной активностью по отношению к линейному арабинану (117 ед./мг), низкой - к разветвленному арабинану и арабиноксилану (4-5 ед/мг), а также пара-нитрофенил- -L-арабинофуранозиду (0.3 ед/мг), не гидролизовал арабиногалактан и пара-нитрофенил- -L-арабинопиранозид - субстраты, содержаще арабинозу в пиранозной форме. Основным продуктом гидролиза линейного арабинана была арабиногексаоза. Экзо-АБН имела рН-оптимум 5.0, температурный оптимум - 60 °C, была стабильна в широком диапазоне рН 4.0-7.0 и при нагревании до 50 °C в течение 180 мин. Проведен глубокий гидролиз линейного и разветвленного арабинанов под действием смесей экзо- и эндо-арабиназ, арабинофуранозидазы и арабинофуран-арабиноксилангидролазы. Достигнута степень конверсии субстратов 67 и 83% соответственно от максимально возможной.
СТРОЕНИЕ, ВОЗРАСТ И ОБСТАНОВКИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ОРДОВИКСКИХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОГО ОБРАМЛЕНИЯ КОКЧЕТАВСКОГО МАССИВА, СЕВЕРНЫЙ КАЗАХСТАН, "Стратиграфия. Геологическая корреляция"
Authors: Дегтярев К.Е. , Толмачева Т.Ю. , Третьяков А.А. , Кузнецов Н.Б. , Белоусова Е.А. , Романюк Т.В.
Published: August 2018

Рассмотрены данные о строении, возрасте и обстановках формирования ордовикских осадочных и вулканогенно-осадочных комплексов Стерлитамакской, Марьевской и Иманбурлукской структурно-формационных зон западного и северо-западного обрамления Кокчетавского массива Северного Казахстана. Приведены результаты детальных стратиграфических, геохимических и геохронологических исследований опорного разреза ордовика Марьевской зоны. Изученный разрез сложен карбонатными, терригенными, реже вулканогенно-осадочными породами значительного стратиграфического интервала от тремадокского яруса нижнего ордовика до нижней части сандбийского яруса верхнего ордовика. Впервые по конодонтам был установлен ранне-среднеордовикский возраст наиболее древней известняково-доломитовой толщи, ранее условно относившейся к кембрию. Залегающая выше туфогенно-терригенная куприяновская свита теперь относится только к среднему ордовику. Особенности состава литокластических туфов, слагающих ее среднюю часть, позволяют предполагать их формирование в пределах островной дуги. Известняки из низов наиболее молодой терригенно-карбонатной крещеновской свиты отнесены к нижней части сандбийского яруса верхнего ордовика. Изучение возрастов обломочных цирконов из терригенных пород известняково-доломитовой толщи показало, что наиболее вероятным источником сноса при ее формировании являлись ранненеопротерозой­- ские кварцито-сланцевые толщи Кокчетавского массива. Установлено, что на протяжении ордовика в северо-западном обрамлении Кокчетавского массива происходила смена обстановок осадконакопления от закрытых лагун к морскому относительно глубоководному бассейну с нормальной соленостью и активной циркуляцией водных масс. На протяжении этого времени отмечался достаточно высокий уровень терригенного сноса, отразившийся в формировании толщ значительной мощности. Общий тренд к углублению обстановок осадконакопления от раннего к позднему ордовику прерывался периодическими поднятиями уровня моря в дапинское и раннедарривильское время.
Ni/NiO/HfO2 Core/Multishell Nanowire ReRAM Devices with Excellent Resistive Switching Properties
Authors: Huang Ting‐Kai , Chen Jui‐Yuan , Ting Yi‐Hsin , Wu Wen‐Wei
Published: August 2018

Resistive random‐access memory (ReRAM) is one of the most promising types of nonvolatile memory because it has several important advantages, for example, a simple metal‐insulator‐metal structure, fast operating speed, high endurance, high retention, and low energy consumption. However, the reliability of ReRAM nanodevices is not persistent, and the complete switching mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, a unique 1D Ni/NiO/HfO2 core/multishell ReRAM nanodevice is designed and fabricated. The different properties, including the electrical characteristics, surface morphology, and elemental distribution, are systematically investigated. The Ni/NiO/HfO2 heterostructure nanowire ReRAM device exhibits excellent electrical characteristics and resistive switching properties. It is remarkable that the endurance could be maintained up to 200 cycles, which is extremely good for a 1D ReRAM device. Additionally, a focused‐ion beam technique is used to prepare samples for subsequent transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation. From the TEM analysis, the position of the conducting filaments is verified and the elemental composition of the conducting filaments is confirmed. The migration of hafnium ions forms the conducting filaments between the HfO2 layer and Ni core, resulting in the switching characteristic. The study enriches the understanding of the mechanism and provides a design to enhance the resistive switching properties of ReRAM nanodevices.
Synthesis and Properties of Hydrazine‐Embedded Biphenothiazines and Application of Hydrazine‐Embedded Heterocyclic Compounds to Fluorescence Cell Imaging
Authors: Shindo Yuri , Nomura Shogo , Saikawa Yoko , Nakata Masaya , Tanaka Katsunori , Hanaya Kengo , Sugai Takeshi , Higashibayashi Shuhei
Published: August 2018

Hydrazine‐embedded unsubstituted butterfly‐shaped biphenothiazine and its sulfoxides were synthesized by dimerization of 1,9‐dibromophenothiazine, which was prepared by realizing selective debromination at the 3,7‐positions of 1,3,7,9‐tetrabromophenothiazine. cis/trans‐Biphenothiazine sulfoxide was selectively prepared by changing the oxidation temperature to control the inversion rate of the butterfly shape of the intermediate. Their butterfly‐shapes, conformations, photophysical properties (UV‐vis absorption, fluorescence), and redox properties were elucidated by X‐ray analysis, DFT calculations, spectral and electrochemical measurements. Fluorescent hydrazine‐embedded biphenothiazine sulfoxides and bicarbazoles were applied to cell imaging of HeLa cells. The bicarbazoles exhibited high fluorescence signals in the cells with low toxicity.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander employment policy and Welfare to Work: The Community Development Programme and the need for new narratives, new alliances and new institutions
Authors: Jordan Kirrily
Published: August 2018

The way Australian federal governments have approached Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander employment and welfare policy over the last two decades has been a paradigmatic example of what not to do in policymaking. In the absence of effective engagement or consultation, a series of decisions under Coalition and Australian Labor Party governments have had a range of negative consequences for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. These changes – centred around the closure of the Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) scheme and implementation of the Community Development Programme (CDP) – have resulted in increased unemployment, inadequate support for job creation, a dramatic over‐application of income penalties to social security recipients and reduced capacity in many community organisations. This article argues that these outcomes constitute policy failure, especially given that genuine engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people could have prevented many of these consequences. It then turns to an exploration of three ways in which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are responding to such policy failure: through promotion of new narratives, new alliances, and new institutions. The study concludes that while we should avoid “specious hope”, there is room for optimism in a renewed push for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander sovereignty.
Green transformations in Vietnam's energy sector
Authors: Urban Frauke , Siciliano Giuseppina , Wallbott Linda , Lederer Markus , Dang Nguyen Anh
Published: August 2018

Vietnam has experienced rapid economic growth over the past few decades, as well as growing environmental pressures. The country is therefore pursuing strategies for green transformations, which are the processes of restructuring to bring economies and societies within the planetary boundaries. This article addresses the opportunities, barriers, and trade‐offs for green transformations in Vietnam's energy sector and examines them from an energy justice perspective. The article draws on in‐depths expert interviews with representatives from government agencies, private firms, academic institutions, and multilateral institutions in Vietnam. The article finds that Vietnam is undergoing efforts to move away from business as usual by promoting renewable energy and energy efficiency, as well as aligning energy and climate plans with national development priorities such as energy security and economic growth. Yet there is a need for more coordinated, integrated approaches and policies that span across the 3 areas that address green transformations in Vietnam: green growth, sustainable development, and climate change. Finally, although key actors seem to be aware and may be critical of major trade‐offs such as land grabs for energy projects, the impacts on affected people need to be better understood and mitigated.
Amphiphilic Carbazole‐Containing Compounds with Lower Critical Solution Temperature Behavior for Supramolecular Self‐Assembly and Solution‐Processable Resistive Memories
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Hong Eugene Yau‐Hin , Chan Alan Kwun‐Wa , Poon Chun‐Ting , Li Bao , Wu Lixin , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: August 2018

The self‐organization and resistive memory performances of a series of newly synthesized water‐soluble amphiphilic carbazole derivatives have been explored. Temperature‐dependent UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy has been conducted to study the isodesmic self‐assembly mechanism of the carbazole‐containing compounds. This class of compounds also exhibits interesting lower critical solution temperature properties, which are sensitive to concentration and ionic additives. One of the compounds has been solution‐processed and utilized as an active material in the engineering of resistive memory devices, exhibiting a switching voltage of about 3.9 V, a constant ON/OFF current ratio of 106, and a long retention time of 104 s. The present work demonstrates the versatile potential applications of water‐soluble amphiphilic carbazole‐containing compounds in supramolecular chemistry and resistive memory devices.
A randomized controlled trial evaluating the Hebrew adaptation of the PEERS® intervention: Behavioral and questionnaire‐based outcomes
Authors: Rabin Shai Joseph , Israel‐Yaacov Sandra , Laugeson Elizabeth A. , Mor‐Snir Irit , Golan Ofer
Published: August 2018

Social interaction deficits form a core characteristic of ASD that is commonly targeted through social‐skill groups. The Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS®) is a well‐established parent‐assisted intervention for adolescents, which addresses key areas of social functioning. PEERS® has been mainly studied in North‐America and its evaluations were mostly questionnaire based. The aim of the current study was to test the effectiveness of the adapted and translated Hebrew version of the PEERS® intervention in a randomized controlled trial, using behavioral measures of peer interaction, in addition to self, parent, and teacher reports. Forty‐one participants with ASD and no intellectual impairment, aged 12–17 years, were randomly assigned to an immediate intervention or a delayed‐intervention group. All participants were assessed before and after the immediate intervention, and again at follow up, after the delayed intervention took place. Results revealed intervention‐related behavioral improvements on adolescents’ engagement, question‐asking, and physical arousal. Parental reports indicated improved social skills, and reduced ASD symptoms. Adolescents reported on more social encounters, greater empathy, and scored higher on social‐skill knowledge. Most of these effects maintained at a 16‐week follow‐up. Teacher reports' yielded effects only on pre‐post intervention analysis. Adolescents’ improvement on behavioral engagement predicted parent‐reported social skills improvement. Our findings support the effectiveness of the adapted Hebrew version of PEERS® for adolescents with ASD, through significant behavioral and questionnaire‐based outcomes, which maintained at follow‐up. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1187–1200. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Social‐skills groups, which facilitate key social deficits characteristic of ASD, are a popular intervention for adolescents with ASD. Indeed, many treatment protocols have been published, and some have also been research validated. However, there have been inconsistent findings regarding the effectiveness of different protocols, in addition to limited findings of improvement beyond questionnaire reports. This study evaluated the Hebrew adaptation of the PEERS® intervention, a 16‐weeks long program, which involves the parents as their adolescents’ social coaches. Following the intervention, adolescents improved their social‐skills, participated more in social encounters, reported greater empathy, and demonstrated higher social‐skill knowledge. A live play‐role assessment with an unfamiliar peer indicated that adolescents showed greater involvement, asked more questions and were more physically relaxed during the conversation. Improvements maintained 16 weeks after the intervention was completed.
Regulatory Frameworks in Times of Uncertainty
Authors: Breckenridge Alasdair
Published: August 2018

Patient and public expectations on access to new types of medicines has changed the role of the regulator in granting marketing authorizations. Whether current regulatory frameworks can accommodate further advances in biomedical science remains a challenge, but suggestions are made as to how this may be possible.
Sensitivity of multiple life stages of 2 freshwater mussel species (Unionidae) to various pesticides detected in Ontario (Canada) surface waters
Authors: Salerno Joseph , Bennett Charles J. , Holman Emily , Gillis Patricia L. , Sibley Paul K. , Prosser Ryan S.
Published: August 2018

Freshwater mussels contribute important ecological functions to aquatic systems. The water filtered by mussel assemblages can improve water quality, and the mixing of sediments by burrowing mussels can improve oxygen content and release nutrients. However, nearly 70% of North American freshwater mussel species are listed as either endangered, threatened, or in decline. In Ontario, 28 species are in decline or in need of protection. Even though freshwater mussels have a heightened sensitivity to some contaminants, few studies have investigated the risks that various pesticide classes pose to one freshwater mussel species or among life stages. Lampsilis siliquoidea and Villosa iris were the focus of the present study, with the latter currently listed as of “special concern” in Canada. A potential risk to the recovery of freshwater mussel species is the presence and persistence of pesticides in Ontario surface waters. Acute (48 h) toxicity tests were performed with V. iris glochidia to determine the effect on viability (surrogate for survival) following exposure to 4 fungicides (azoxystrobin, boscalid, metalaxyl, and myclobutanil), 3 neonicotinoids (clothianidin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam), 2 carbamates (carbaryl and malathion), 1 organophosphate (chlorpyrifos), and 1 butenolide (flupyradifurone). Juvenile and adult L. siliquoidea were also exposed to azoxystrobin, clothianidin, imidacloprid (juvenile only), and carbaryl (adult only). Our study found in general that all life stages were insensitive to the pesticides tested, with median effect and lethal concentrations >161 µg/L. The pesticides tested likely represent a minimal risk (hazard quotients <5.4 × 10−3) to freshwater mussel viability and survival in acute (48 h) and subchronic (28 d) exposures, respectively, in Ontario streams where pesticide concentrations were considerably lower than those tested in the present study. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2871–2880. © 2018 SETAC
Organochlorines, perfluoroalkyl substances, mercury, and egg incubation temperature in an Arctic seabird: Insights from data loggers
Authors: Blévin Pierre , Shaffer Scott A. , Bustamante Paco , Angelier Frédéric , Picard Baptiste , Herzke Dorte , Moe Børge , Gabrielsen Geir Wing , Bustnes Jan Ove , Chastel Olivier
Published: August 2018

In birds, incubation-related behaviors and brood patch formation are influenced by hormonal regulation such as prolactin secretion. Brood patch provides efficient heat transfer between the incubating parent and the developing embryo in the egg. Importantly, several environmental contaminants are already known to have adverse effects on avian reproduction. However, relatively little is known about the effect of contaminants on incubation temperature (Tinc) in wild birds. By using temperature thermistors placed into artificial eggs, we investigated whether the most contaminated parent birds are less able to provide appropriate egg warming and thus less committed to incubating their clutch. Specifically, we investigated the relationships among 3 groups of contaminants (organochlorines, perfluoroalkyl substances [PFASs], and mercury [Hg]) with Tinc and also with prolactin concentrations and brood patch size in incubating Arctic black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Our results reveal that among the organochlorines considered, only blood levels of oxychlordane, the main metabolite of chlordane, a banned pesticide, were negatively related to the minimum incubation temperature in male kittiwakes. Levels of PFASs and Hg were unrelated to Tinc in kittiwakes. Moreover, our study suggests a possible underlying mechanism: since we reported a significant and negative association between blood oxychlordane concentrations and the size of the brood patch in males. Finally, this reduced Tinc in the most oxychlordane-contaminated kittiwakes was associated with a lower egg hatching probability. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2881–2894. © 2018 SETAC
Des Städters neue Lust
Authors: Fenske Michaela
Published: August 2018

Faszination Bienen, jetzt auch im urbanen Raum: Immer mehr Stadtbewohner in Europa und Nordamerika imkern in ihrer Freizeit. In Berlin etwa lassen sich dabei Denk‐ und Verhaltensweisen beobachten, die zwischen ökologischem Anspruch, Mensch‐Tier‐Interaktionen und einer neuen Selbst‐ und Umweltwahrnehmung angesiedelt sind.
Proteine, Proteine
Authors: Unterstell Rembert
Published: August 2018

Sonja Lorenz erforscht das in allen Körperzellen wirksame Ubiquitinsystem. Das könnte langfristig auch therapeutischen Nutzen haben / Eine Begegnung in Würzburg
Gray matter bases of psychotic features in adult bipolar disorder: A systematic review and voxel‐based meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies
Authors: Wang Xiuli , Tian Fangfang , Wang Song , Cheng Bochao , Qiu Lihua , He Manxi , Wang Hongming , Duan Mingjun , Dai Jing , Jia Zhiyun
Published: August 2018

Psychotic bipolar disorder (P‐BD) is a specific subset that presents greater risk of relapse and worse outcomes than nonpsychotic bipolar disorder (NP‐BD). To explore the neuroanatomical bases of psychotic dimension in bipolar disorder (BD), a systematic review was carried out based on the gray matter volume (GMV) among P‐BD and NP‐BD patients and healthy controls (HC). Further, we conducted a meta‐analysis of GMV differences between P‐BD patients and HC using a whole‐brain imaging approach. Our review revealed that P‐BD patients exhibited smaller GMVs mainly in the prefronto‐temporal and cingulate cortices, the precentral gyrus, and insula relative to HC both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitatively the comparison between P‐BD and NP‐BD patients suggested inconsistent GMV alterations mainly involving the prefrontal cortex, while NP‐BD patients showed GMV deficits in local regions compared with HC. The higher proportions of female patients and patients taking psychotropic medication in P‐BD and P‐BD type I were associated with smaller GMV in the right precentral gyrus, and the right insula, respectively. In conclusions, psychosis in BD might be associated with specific cortical GMV deficits. Gender and psychotropic medication might have effects on the regional GMVs in P‐BD patients. It is necessary to distinguish psychotic dimension in neuroimaging studies of BD.
Bioavailability of mercury in power plant wastewater and ambient river samples: Evidence that the regulation of total mercury is not appropriate
Authors: Reash Robin J
Published: August 2018

Mercury (Hg) is a neurotoxin that can cause debilitating effects to human and environmental receptors under high exposure conditions. For industrial and municipal point sources that discharge Hg, wastewater limitations on total Hg (THg) concentrations or loads are typical. While this regulatory practice provides simplicity for regulated industry and water resource agencies (i.e., for analytical detection and reporting purposes), it ignores the important considerations of speciation and bioavailability. In this study, water samples were collected from multiple power plant wastewater, simulated mixing zone, and ambient river locations (N = 10 to 20) and were analyzed for bioavailable Hg forms (methylmercury and acid-labile Hg, or BHg), THg, and dissolved Hg. The median concentration of THg in wastewater, mixing zone, and ambient river samples was 7.1, 5.3, and 2.3 ng/L, respectively. The percentages of THg as BHg (median values) were 18.7%, 29.3%, and 8.5% for wastewater, mixing zone, and ambient river samples. The percentages of methylmercury (MeHg) as THg were not statistically different between paired ambient and mixing zone samples (P > 0.05); this result indicates that wastewater did not increase the MeHg fraction when mixed with ambient water. Multiple regression analysis indicated that variation in THg for combined wastewater and mixing zone samples could be adequately explained by pooled water quality parameters (total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, sulfate, total organic carbon, pH, specific conductivity; r2 = 0.51; P < 0.05); however, no significant regression relationships were apparent for the percentage of BHg. These results, at least for the wastewater samples evaluated, indicate that regulating THg is likely overly conservative, and mechanisms to regulate the bioavailable forms of Hg are needed. If Hg fish tissue monitoring data indicate that concentrations are less than consumption thresholds, metal translator methodologies or bioavailability-based criterion techniques (as currently used for non-Hg trace elements) should be allowed for Hg. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:142–147. © 2018 SETAC
An overview of 25 years of incidence, treatment and outcome of colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Brouwer Nelleke P.M. , Bos Amanda C.R.K. , Lemmens Valery E.P.P. , Tanis Pieter J. , Hugen Niek , Nagtegaal Iris D. , de Wilt Johannes H.W. , Verhoeven Rob H.A.
Published: August 2018

Regarding the continuous changes in the diagnostic process and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), it is important to evaluate long‐term trends which are relevant in giving direction for further research and innovations in cancer patient care. The aim of this study was to analyze developments in incidence, treatment and survival for patients diagnosed with CRC in the Netherlands. For this population‐based retrospective cohort study, all patients diagnosed with CRC between 1989 and 2014 in the Netherlands were identified using data of the nationwide population‐based Netherlands Cancer Registry (n = 267,765), with follow‐up until January 1, 2016. Analyses were performed for trends in incidence, mortality, stage distribution, treatment and relative survival measured from the time of diagnosis. The incidence of both colon and rectal cancer has risen. The use of postoperative chemotherapy for Stage III colon cancer increased (14–60%), as well as the use of preoperative (chemo)radiotherapy for rectal cancer (2–66%). The administration of systemic therapy and metastasectomy increased for Stage IV disease patients. The 5‐year relative survival increased significantly from 53 to 62% for colon cancer and from 51 to 65% for rectal cancer. Ongoing advancements in treatment, and also improvement in other factors in the care of CRC patients—such as diagnostics, dedicated surgery and pre‐ and postoperative care—lead to a continuous improvement in the relative survival of CRC patients. The increasing incidence of CRC favors the implementation of the screening program, of which the effects should be monitored closely.
PlncRNA‐1 is overexpressed in retinoblastoma and regulates retinoblastoma cell proliferation and motility through modulating CBR3
Authors: Wang Shuna , Liu Jianwei , Yang Yang , Hao Fengqin , Zhang Laixia
Published: August 2018

PlncRNA‐1 has been suggested to function as an oncogenic role in prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and gastric cancer. The expression pattern of PlncRNA‐1 in retinoblastoma remained unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the clinical significance of PlncRNA‐1 in retinoblastoma patient and the biological function and molecular mechanism of PlncRNA‐1 in regulating retinoblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The results showed the level of PlncRNA‐1 expression was obviously increased in retinoblastoma tissues and cell lines compared with compared with normal retina tissues and retina cell lines, respectively. Meanwhile, patients with advanced stage retinoblastoma had higher levels of PlncRNA‐1 expression than patients with early stage retinoblastoma. There was an inverse correlation between PlncRNA‐1 expression and CBR3 expression in retinoblastoma tissues, and PlncRNA‐1 negatively regulated mRNA and protein expressions of CBR3. The in vitro experiments showed that down‐regulation of PlncRNA‐1 expression suppressed retinoblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion through up‐regulating CBR3. In conclusion, PlncRNA‐1 serves as an oncogenic lncRNA in regulating retinoblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through proliferation, migration, and invasion through up‐regulating CBR3. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(10):969–975, 2018
Three‐dimensional printing of poly(glycerol sebacate fumarate) gadodiamide‐poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate structures and characterization of mechanical properties for soft tissue applications
Authors: Ravi Prashanth , Wright Jamie , Shiakolas Panos S. , Welch Tré R.
Published: August 2018

Bioresorbable materials have been frequently used to three‐dimensional (3D) print biomedical structures. In this study, we developed a technique to 3D print poly(glycerol sebacate fumarate) gadodiamide (Rylar)‐poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) samples and investigated their mechanical and thermal properties as a function of (PS) and ultraviolet intensity (UVI). The Young's modulus (E), ultimate tensile strength (UTS), failure strain (ɛF), and glass transition temperature (Tg) showed strong correlation with PS and UVI. Results showedEto be between 1.31 and 3.12 MPa, UTS between 0.07 and 0.43 MPa, andɛFbetween 7 and 20% with brittle failure. TheTgwas observed to lie between −54.48 and −49.10without secondary/tertiary transitions. Dominant elastic behavior was observed from the dynamic mechanical testing viscoelastic data. Testing results were used to develop a regression predictive model forEas a function of PS and UVI. The model performance was evaluated experimentally with an average absolute error of 3.62%. TheEand stress‐strain response of our 3D printed samples show agreement with published data for human tracheal cartilage, and the mechanical properties were comparable to other published soft polymeric scaffolds/patches. TheE′moduli were also similar to bovine articular cartilage. We have successfully demonstrated that Rylar, a novel bioresorbable radiopaque polymer, when blended with PEGDA can be 3D printed controllably for soft tissue applications such as airway obstructions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 664–671, 2019.
Examination of inorganic‐based draw solutes and mitigation of their reverse solute flux in osmotic microbial fuel cells
Authors: Wu Simiao , Qian Guangren , He Zhen
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

Osmotic microbial fuel cells (OsMFCs) integrate microbial fuel cell (MFC) and forward osmosis (FO) and can simultaneously achieve wastewater treatment, electricity generation and water recovery. The selection of appropriate draw solutes (DS) and reduction of reverse solute flux (RSF) are the key challenges for OsMFC operation. This study has examined ten inorganic‐based DS and investigated the effect of electricity generation on the RSF.

RESULTS

The OsMFC exhibited stable electricity generation with Na+‐series and K+‐series DS. For NH4+‐series DS, the ammonia‐nitrogen loss percentage, which varied from 12.5 ± 0.4% to 47.7 ± 2.4%, was significant due to the high pH and aeration in the cathode. Inorganic scaling/precipitation was observed with Mg2+‐series and Ca2+‐series DS with DS loss percentage from 13.5 ± 2.8% to 28.0 ± 0.3%. Electricity generation could reduce the specific RSF by 70.3 ± 4.9% and 56.7 ± 13.4% for the Na+ and K+ DS, respectively.

CONCLUSION

The Na+‐series and K+‐series DS was identified as the ideal DS for the OsMFC because of stable electricity generation and water flux and significant RSF reduction. NH4+‐series, Mg2+‐series and Ca2+‐series DS were not appropriate due to significant loss. Bioelectricity generation could reduce both RSF and specific RSF. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved representation of surface‐groundwater interaction in the Canadian land surface scheme
Authors: Ganji Arman , Sushama Laxmi
Published: August 2018

The improvement of surface‐groundwater interactions in land surface models are necessary to determine the evolution of hydrologic variables such as surface runoff, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and streamflows, especially during dry conditions, when streamflows are largely derived from water releases from groundwater storage. Despite its importance, investigations of the effects of surface‐groundwater interactions on streamflows simulated by large‐scale land surface models are lacking. In this paper, we implement a new parameterization to represent groundwater dynamics in the Canadian Land Surface Scheme (CLASS), which is used for modelling the land surface component in the Canadian regional and global climate models. We compare offline simulations performed with the original and modified versions of CLASS to find the impact of these modifications on the regional hydrology. The offline simulations are driven by ERA‐Interim atmospheric forcing data from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (for the 1980–2011 period), over a northeast Canadian domain. The original and modified versions of CLASS differ in the soil bottom boundary conditions, with free (gravitational) drainage in the former, while an unconfined aquifer at the depth of bedrock is considered in the latter. Results suggest higher soil moisture levels in the simulation with modified CLASS compared to the original version, particularly for regions with shallow water table. At these locations, summer surface runoff, evapotranspiration and streamflows are also higher in the simulation with modified CLASS, and the simulated low flow values are in better agreement to those observed. This study thus demonstrates the need to account for surface‐groundwater interactions in land surface models for realistic simulation of hydrological processes and streamflows.