bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guanylate‐binding protein 5 is a marker of interferon‐γ‐induced classically activated macrophages
Authors: Fujiwara Yukio , Hizukuri Yoshiyuki , Yamashiro Kyoko , Makita Naoyuki , Ohnishi Koji , Takeya Motohiro , Komohara Yoshihiro , Hayashi Yasuhiro
Published: November 2016

Macrophage activation is the main immunological process occurring during the development of several diseases, and the heterogeneity of macrophage activation or differentiation has been suggested to be involved in disease progression. In the present study, we attempted to identify molecules specifically expressed on human classically activated macrophages (M1) to investigate the significance of the M1‐like phenotype in human diseases. Human monocyte‐derived macrophages were differentiated into M1, M2a, M2b and M2c phenotypes, and also M1(−) (the M1 phenotype differentiated with interferon‐γ) to eliminate the strong effects of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the gene expression profile. The gene expression profiles of those macrophage phenotypes were analyzed by a cDNA microarray analysis and were used for a bioinformatics examination to identify the markers of the M1 phenotype that are expressed in both M1 and M1(−). The gene expression profiles of murine macrophages were also evaluated. We identified guanylate‐binding protein 5 (GBP5), which is associated nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat containing gene family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3)‐mediated inflammasome assembly in the M1 macrophages of both humans and mice. Notably, the expression of GBP5 protein was detected in cultured M1(−) as well as in M1 macrophages by western blotting, which means that GBP5 is a more generalized marker of the M1 phenotype compared with the M1 markers that can be induced by LPS stimulation. GBP5 is a useful candidate marker of the M1 phenotype.
Influence of phylogenetic conservatism and trait convergence on the interactions between fungal root endophytes and plants
Authors: Kia Sevda Haghi , Glynou Kyriaki , Nau Thomas , Thines Marco , Piepenbring Meike , Maciá-Vicente Jose G
Published: November 2016

Plants associate through their roots with fungal assemblages that impact their abundance and productivity. Non-mycorrhizal endophytes constitute an important component of such fungal diversity, but their implication in ecosystem processes is little known. Using a selection of 128 root-endophytic strains, we defined functional groups based on their traits and plant interactions with potential to predict community assembly and symbiotic association processes. In vitro tests of the strains’ interactions with Arabidopsis thaliana, Microthlaspi erraticum and Hordeum vulgare showed a net negative effect of fungal colonization on plant growth. The effects partly depended on the phylogenetic affiliation of strains, but also varied considerably depending on the plant-strain combination. The variation was partly explained by fungal traits shared by different lineages, like growth rates or melanization. The origin of strains also affected their symbioses, with endophytes isolated from Microthlaspi spp. populations being more detrimental to M. erraticum than strains from other sources. Our findings suggest that plant–endophyte associations are subject to local processes of selection, in which particular combinations of symbionts are favored across landscapes. We also show that different common endophytic taxa have differential sets of traits found to affect interactions, hinting to a functional complementarity that can explain their frequent co-existence in natural communities.
Powerful decomposition of complex traits in a diploid model
Authors: Hallin Johan , Märtens Kaspar , Young Alexander I. , Zackrisson Martin , Salinas Francisco , Parts Leopold , Warringer Jonas , Liti Gianni
Published: November 2016

Explaining trait differences between individuals is a core and challenging aim of life sciences. Here, we introduce a powerful framework for complete decomposition of trait variation into its underlying genetic causes in diploid model organisms. We sequence and systematically pair the recombinant gametes of two intercrossed natural genomes into an array of diploid hybrids with fully assembled and phased genomes, termed Phased Outbred Lines (POLs). We demonstrate the capacity of this approach by partitioning fitness traits of 6,642 Saccharomyces cerevisiae POLs across many environments, achieving near complete trait heritability and precisely estimating additive (73%), dominance (10%), second (7%) and third (1.7%) order epistasis components. We map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and find nonadditive QTLs to outnumber (3:1) additive loci, dominant contributions to heterosis to outnumber overdominant, and extensive pleiotropy. The POL framework offers the most complete decomposition of diploid traits to date and can be adapted to most model organisms.
Structural roles of guide RNAs in the nuclease activity of Cas9 endonuclease
Authors: Lim Youngbin , Bak So Young , Sung Keewon , Jeong Euihwan , Lee Seung Hwan , Kim Jin-Soo , Bae Sangsu , Kim Seong Keun
Published: November 2016

The type II CRISPR-associated protein Cas9 recognizes and cleaves target DNA with the help of two guide RNAs (gRNAs; tracrRNA and crRNA). However, the detailed mechanisms and kinetics of these gRNAs in the Cas9 nuclease activity are unclear. Here, we investigate the structural roles of gRNAs in the CRISPR-Cas9 system by single-molecule spectroscopy and reveal a new conformation of inactive Cas9 that is thermodynamically more preferable than active apo-Cas9. We find that tracrRNA prevents Cas9 from changing into the inactive form and leads to the Cas9:gRNA complex. For the Cas9:gRNA complex, we identify sub-conformations of the RNA–DNA heteroduplex during R-loop expansion. Our single-molecule study indicates that the kinetics of the sub-conformations is controlled by the complementarity between crRNA and target DNA. We conclude that both tracrRNA and crRNA regulate the conformations and kinetics of the Cas9 complex, which are crucial in the DNA cleavage activity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Hepatocyte Growth Factor Therapy for Attenuating Ischaemic Myocardial Fibrosis: Assessment using Multimodal Molecular Imaging
Authors: Chen Huizhu , Xia Rui , Li Zhenlin , Zhang Lizhi , Xia Chunchao , Ai Hua , Yang Zhigang , Guo Yingkun
Published: November 2016

Clinically, myocardial fibrosis is increasingly being recognized as a new therapeutic target for ischaemic heart diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether noninvasive multimodal molecular imaging could be used to dynamically assess whether the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) therapy can synergistically attenuate myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI). MI was induced in 28 rats by coronary ligation with subsequent injection of BMSCs/HGF, BMSCs, HGF, or saline into the border zone under echocardiography guidance. The therapeutic procedure and treatment effects were tracked and assessed using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Four weeks after transplantation therapy, cardiac MR imaging demonstrated that BMSC/HGF-treated animals showed better ejection fractions (p < 0.001) and smaller scar sizes (p < 0.001) than those treated with BMSCs or HGF alone. Histopathological and immunohistochemical results showed less collagen deposition, increased microvessel densities and more regenerative cardiomyocytes in the BMSC/HGF-treated animals than in those receiving HGF or BMSCs alone (all p < 0.05). Multimodal molecular imaging allows a specific and timely strategy to be established for dynamically tracking treatment and noninvasively assessing the therapeutic effects. Under echocardiography guidance, intramyocardial injection of transfected HGF with BMSCs can enhance cell survival, improve cardiac function, stimulate angiogenesis and reduce myocardial fibrosis in a post-MI rat model.
Correction: Corrigendum: A Direct Method to Extract Transient Sub-Gap Density of State (DOS) Based on Dual Gate Pulse Spectroscopy
Authors: Dai Mingzhi , Khan Karim , Zhang Shengnan , Jiang Kemin , Zhang Xingye , Wang Weiliang , Liang Lingyan , Cao Hongtao , Wang Pengjun , Wang Peng , Miao Lijing , Qin Haiming , Jiang Jun , Xue Lixin , Chu Junhao
Published: November 2016

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 24096; published online: 14 June 2016; updated: 02 November 2016.
Associations between adverse childhood experiences and clinical characteristics of eating disorders
Authors: Guillaume S. , Jaussent I. , Maimoun L. , Ryst A. , Seneque M. , Villain L. , Hamroun D. , Lefebvre P. , Renard E. , Courtet Ph.
Published: November 2016

Patients with eating disorders (EDs) frequently report a history of childhood trauma (CT). We investigated whether certain subtypes of CT are associated with more severe features of EDs, independently of psychiatric comorbidity, and whether they act additively. One hundred and ninety-two patients with DSM-V-defined EDs were consecutively recruited. Five clinical characteristics were assessed: restraint, eating, shape and weight concerns on the EDE-Q, and daily functioning. CT was assessed by the childhood traumatism questionnaire. The clinical features were associated with at least one CT subtype (emotional, sexual or physical abuse, emotional neglect). Multivariate analyses adjusted for lifetime comorbid psychiatric disorders revealed that emotional abuse independently predicted higher eating, shape and weight concerns and lower daily functioning, whereas sexual and physical abuse independently predicted higher eating concern. A dose-effect relationship characterised the number of CT subtypes and the severity of the clinical features, suggesting a consistent and partly independent association between CT and more severe clinical and functional characteristics in EDs. Emotional abuse seems to have the most specific impact on ED symptoms. Last, not all CT subtypes have the same impact but they do act additively.
The Seminal fluid proteome of the polyandrous Red junglefowl offers insights into the molecular basis of fertility, reproductive ageing and domestication
Authors: Borziak Kirill , Álvarez-Fernández Aitor , L. Karr Timothy , Pizzari Tommaso , Dorus Steve
Published: November 2016

Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) are emerging as fundamental contributors to sexual selection given their role in post-mating reproductive events, particularly in polyandrous species where the ejaculates of different males compete for fertilisation. SFP identification however remains taxonomically limited and little is known about avian SFPs, despite extensive work on sexual selection in birds. We characterize the SF proteome of the polyandrous Red junglefowl, Gallus gallus, the wild species that gave rise to the domestic chicken. We identify 1,141 SFPs, including proteins involved in immunity and antimicrobial defences, sperm maturation, and fertilisation, revealing a functionally complex SF proteome. This includes a predominant contribution of blood plasma proteins that is conserved with human SF. By comparing the proteome of young and old males with fast or slow sperm velocity in a balanced design, we identify proteins associated with ageing and sperm velocity, and show that old males that retain high sperm velocity have distinct proteome characteristics. SFP comparisons with domestic chickens revealed both qualitative and quantitative differences likely associated with domestication and artificial selection. Collectively, these results shed light onto the functional complexity of avian SF, and provide a platform for molecular studies of fertility, reproductive ageing, and domestication.
miR-19b Regulates Ventricular Action Potential Duration in Zebrafish
Authors: Benz Alexander , Kossack Mandy , Auth Dominik , Seyler Claudia , Zitron Edgar , Juergensen Lonny , Katus Hugo A. , Hassel David
Published: November 2016

Sudden cardiac death due to ventricular arrhythmias often caused by action potential duration (APD) prolongation is a common mode of death in heart failure (HF). microRNAs, noncoding RNAs that fine tune gene expression, are frequently dysregulated during HF, suggesting a potential involvement in the electrical remodeling process accompanying HF progression. Here, we identified miR-19b as an important regulator of heart function. Zebrafish lacking miR-19b developed severe bradycardia and reduced cardiac contractility. miR-19b deficient fish displayed increased sensitivity to AV-block, a characteristic feature of long QT syndrome in zebrafish. Patch clamp experiments from whole hearts showed that miR-19b deficient zebrafish exhibit significantly prolonged ventricular APD caused by impaired repolarization. We found that miR-19b directly and indirectly regulates the expression of crucial modulatory subunits of cardiac ion channels, and thereby modulates AP duration and shape. Interestingly, miR-19b knockdown mediated APD prolongation can rescue a genetically induced short QT phenotype. Thus, miR-19b might represent a crucial modifier of the cardiac electrical activity, and our work establishes miR-19b as a potential candidate for human long QT syndrome.
Age differences between sexual partners, behavioural and demographic correlates, and HIV infection on Likoma Island, Malawi
Authors: Beauclair Roxanne , Helleringer Stéphane , Hens Niel , Delva Wim
Published: November 2016

Patterns of age differences between sexual partners – “age-mixing” – may partially explain the magnitude of HIV epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, evidence of age-disparity as a risk factor for HIV remains mixed. We used data from a socio-centric study of sexual behaviour in Malawi to quantify the age-mixing pattern and to find associations between relationship characteristics and age differences for 1,922 participants. Three age difference measures were explored as predictors of prevalent HIV infection. We found that for each year increase in male participant age, the average age difference with their partners increased by 0.26 years, while among women it remained approximately constant around 5 years. Women in the study had larger within-individual variation in partner ages compared to men. Spousal partnerships and never using a condom during sex were associated with larger age differences in relationships of both men and women. Men who were more than five years younger than their partners had 5.39 times higher odds (95% CI: 0.93–31.24) of being HIV-infected than men 0–4 years older. The relationship between HIV-infection and age-asymmetry may be more complex than previously described. The role that women play in HIV transmission should not be under-estimated, particularly in populations with large within-individual variation in partner ages.
Longitudinal modeling of ultrasensitive and traditional prostate-specific antigen and prediction of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Laajala Teemu D. , Seikkula Heikki , Seyednasrollah Fatemeh , Mirtti Tuomas , Boström Peter J. , Elo Laura L.
Published: November 2016

Ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen (u-PSA) remains controversial for follow-up after radical prostatectomy (RP). The aim of this study was to model PSA doubling times (PSADT) for predicting biochemical recurrence (BCR) and to capture possible discrepancies between u-PSA and traditional PSA (t-PSA) by utilizing advanced statistical modeling. 555 RP patients without neoadjuvant/adjuvant androgen deprivation from the Turku University Hospital were included in the study. BCR was defined as two consecutive PSA values >0.2 ng/mL and the PSA measurements were log2-transformed. One third of the data was reserved for independent validation. Models were first fitted to the post-surgery PSA measurements using cross-validation. Major trends were then captured using linear mixed-effect models and a predictive generalized linear model effectively identified early trends connected to BCR. The model generalized for BCR prediction to the validation set with ROC-AUC of 83.6% and 95.1% for the 1 and 3 year follow-up censoring, respectively. A web-based tool was developed to facilitate its use. Longitudinal trends of u-PSA did not display major discrepancies from those of t-PSA. The results support that u-PSA provides useful information for predicting BCR after RP. This can be beneficial to avoid unnecessary adjuvant treatments or to start them earlier for selected patients.
Burstein-Moss Effect Behind Au Surface Plasmon Enhanced Intrinsic Emission of ZnO Microdisks
Authors: Zhu Qiuxiang , Lu Junfeng , Wang Yueyue , Qin Feifei , Shi Zengliang , Xu Chunxiang
Published: November 2016

In this paper, ZnO microdisks with sputtering of Au nanoparticles were prepared to explore their plasmon/exciton coupling effect. An obvious blue shift and enhanced excitonic emission intensity were observed in the PL spectra of as-grown and Au-sputtered ZnO samples at room temperature. The investigation on the absorption spectra and temperature-dependent PL spectra has been demonstrated the Burstein-Moss effect behind the optical phenomena. These results revealed the coupling dynamics between the metal localized surface plasmon and semiconductor exciton.
Urinary Biomarkers of Whole Grain Wheat Intake Identified by Non-targeted and Targeted Metabolomics Approaches
Authors: Zhu Yingdong , Wang Pei , Sha Wei , Sang Shengmin
Published: November 2016

Mounting evidence suggests that whole grain (WG) intake plays an important role in chronic disease prevention. However, numerous human studies have failed to produce clear-cut conclusions on this topic. Here, a combination of non-targeted and targeted metabolomics approaches, together with kinetic studies, was used to investigate biomarkers of WG wheat intake and further explore the diet-disease associations. Via these integrated approaches, forty-one compounds were identified as the most discriminating endogenous metabolites after WG versus refined grain (RG) wheat bread consumption. The corresponding biological assessment of these endogenous changes suggests that, in contrast to RG consumption, WG wheat consumption may facilitate antioxidant defense systems and moderate the risk factors of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and other chronic diseases. A panel of urinary markers consisting of seven alkylresorcinol metabolites and five benzoxazinoid derivatives as specific biomarkers, as well as five phenolic acid derivatives, was also established to cover multiple time points and longer time periods for correctly and objectively monitoring WG wheat intake. Through these findings, we have established a comprehensive biomarker pool to better assess WG wheat consumption, and to monitor the endogenous changes that are linked to health effects of WG wheat consumption.
Sustaining Interferon Induction by a High-Passage Atypical Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Strain
Authors: Ma Zexu , Yu Ying , Xiao Yueqiang , Opriessnig Tanja , Wang Rong , Yang Liping , Nan Yuchen , Samal Siba K. , Halbur Patrick G. , Zhang Yan-Jin
Published: November 2016

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain A2MC2 induces type I interferons in cultured cells. The objective of this study was to attenuate this strain by serial passaging in MARC-145 cells and assess its virulence and immunogenicity in pigs. The A2MC2 serially passaged 90 times (A2MC2-P90) retains the feature of interferon induction. The A2MC2-P90 replicates faster with a higher virus yield than wild type A2MC2 virus. Infection of primary pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) also induces interferons. Sequence analysis showed that the A2MC2-P90 has genomic nucleic acid identity of 99.8% to the wild type but has a deletion of 543 nucleotides in nsp2. The deletion occurred in passage 60. The A2MC2-P90 genome has a total of 35 nucleotide variations from the wild type, leading to 26 amino acid differences. Inoculation of three-week-old piglets showed that A2MC2-P90 is avirulent and elicits immune response. Compared with Ingelvac PRRS® MLV strain, A2MC2-P90 elicits higher virus neutralizing antibodies. The attenuated IFN-inducing A2MC2-P90 should be useful for development of an improved PRRSV vaccine.
Relative abundance of chemical forms of Cu(II) and Cd(II) on soybean roots as influenced by pH, cations and organic acids
Authors: Zhou Qin , Liu Zhao-dong , Liu Yuan , Jiang Jun , Xu Ren-kou
Published: November 2016

Little information is available on chemical forms of heavy metals on integrate plant roots. KNO3 (1 M), 0.05M EDTA at pH6 and 0.01 M HCl were used sequentially to extract the exchangeable, complexed and precipitated forms of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from soybean roots and then to investigate chemical form distribution of Cu(II) and Cd(II) on soybean roots. Cu(II) and Cd(II) adsorbed on soybean roots were mainly exchangeable form, followed by complexed form, while their precipitated forms were very low under acidic conditions. Soybean roots had a higher adsorption affinity to Cu(II) than Cd(II), leading to higher toxic of Cu(II) than Cd(II). An increase in solution pH increased negative charge on soybean and thus increased exchangeable Cu(II) and Cd(II) on the roots. Ca2+, Mg2+ and NH4+ reduced exchangeable Cu(II) and Cd(II) levels on soybean roots and these cations showed greater effects on Cd(II) than Cu(II) due to greater adsorption affinity of the roots to Cu(II) than Cd(II). L-malic and citric acids decreased exchangeable and complexed Cu(II) on soybean roots. In conclusion, Cu(II) and Cd(II) mainly existed as exchangeable and complexed forms on soybean roots. Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations and citric and L-malic acids can potentially alleviate Cu(II) and Cd(II) toxicity to plants.
H2O2 and Ca2+-based signaling and associated ion accumulation, antioxidant systems and secondary metabolism orchestrate the response to NaCl stress in perennial ryegrass
Authors: Hu Tao , Chen Ke , Hu Longxing , Amombo Erick , Fu Jinmin
Published: November 2016

Little is known about the interplay between Ca2+ and H2O2 signaling in stressed cool-season turfgrass. To understand better how Ca2+ and H2O2 signals are integrated to enhance grass acclimation to stress conditions, we analyzed the rearrangements of endogenous ion accumulation, antioxidant systems and secondary metabolism in roots, stems and leaves of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) treated with exogenous Ca2+ and H2O2 under salinity. Ca2+ signaling remarkably enhanced the physiological response to salt conditions. Ca2+ signaling could maintain ROS homeostasis in stressed grass by increasing the responses of antioxidant genes, proteins and enzymes. H2O2 signaling could activate ROS homeostasis by inducing antioxidant genes but weakened Ca2+ signaling in leaves. Furthermore, the metabolic profiles revealed that sugars and sugar alcohol accounted for 49.5–88.2% of all metabolites accumulation in all treated leaves and roots. However, the accumulation of these sugars and sugar alcohols displayed opposing trends between Ca2+ and H2O2 application in salt-stressed plants, which suggests that these metabolites are the common regulatory factor for Ca2+ and H2O2 signals. These findings assist in understanding better the integrated network in Ca2+ and H2O2 of cool-season turfgrass’ response to salinity.
Fxyd2 regulates Aδ- and C-fiber mechanosensitivity and is required for the maintenance of neuropathic pain
Authors: Ventéo Stéphanie , Laffray Sophie , Wetzel Christiane , Rivat Cyril , Scamps Frédérique , Méchaly Ilana , Bauchet Luc , Raoul Cédric , Bourinet Emmanuel , Lewin Gary R. , Carroll Patrick , Pattyn Alexandre
Published: November 2016

Identification of the molecular mechanisms governing sensory neuron subtype excitability is a key requisite for the development of treatments for somatic sensory disorders. Here, we show that the Na,K-ATPase modulator Fxyd2 is specifically required for setting the mechanosensitivity of Aδ-fiber low-threshold mechanoreceptors and sub-populations of C-fiber nociceptors, a role consistent with its restricted expression profile in the spinal somatosensory system. We also establish using the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain, that loss ofFxyd2function, either constitutively inFxyd2−/−mice or acutely in neuropathic rats, efficiently alleviates mechanical hypersensitivity induced by peripheral nerve lesions. The role of Fxyd2 in modulating Aδ- and C-fibers mechanosensitivity likely accounts for the anti-allodynic effect ofFxyd2knockdown. Finally, we uncover the evolutionarily conserved restricted expression pattern of FXYD2 in human dorsal root ganglia, thus identifying this molecule as a potentially promising therapeutic target for peripheral neuropathic pain management.
Evidence of the presence of nucleic acids and β-glucan in the matrix of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in vitro biofilms
Authors: Domenech Mirian , Pedrero-Vega Elena , Prieto Alicia , García Ernesto
Published: November 2016

Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative bacterium that frequently colonizes the human nasopharynx; it is a common cause of chronic and recurrent otitis media in children and of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To date, no exopolysaccharide clearly contributing to NTHi biofilms has been identified. Consequently, there is some debate as to whether NTHi forms biofilms during colonization and infection. The present work shows that NTHi can form biofilms in vitro, producing an extracellular matrix composed of proteins, nucleic acids, and a β-glucan. Extracellular DNA, visualized by immunostaining and using fluorochromes, is an important component of this matrix and appears to be essential in biofilm maintenance. Extracellular RNA appears to be required only in the first steps of biofilm formation. Evidence of a matrix polysaccharide was obtained by staining with Calcofluor white M2R and by disaggregating biofilms with cellulase. Using strain 54997, residues of Glcp(1→4) in the NTHi biofilm were confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Evidence that N-acetyl-L-cysteine shows notable killing activity towards in vitro NTHi biofilm-forming bacteria is also provided.
Functional insights into the testis transcriptome of the edible sea urchin Loxechinus albus
Authors: Gaitán-Espitia Juan Diego , Sánchez Roland , Bruning Paulina , Cárdenas Leyla
Published: November 2016

The edible sea urchinLoxechinus albus(Molina, 1782) is a keystone species in the littoral benthic systems of the Pacific coast of South America. The international demand for high-quality gonads of this echinoderm has led to an extensive exploitation and decline of its natural populations. Consequently, a more thorough understanding ofL. albusgonad development and gametogenesis could provide valuable resources for aquaculture applications, management, conservation and studies about the evolution of functional and structural pathways that underlie the reproductive toolkit of marine invertebrates. Using a high-throughput sequencing technology, we explored the male gonad transcriptome of this highly fecund sea urchin. Through ade novoassembly approach we obtained 42,530 transcripts of which 15,544 (36.6%) had significant alignments to known proteins in public databases. From these transcripts, approximately 73% were functionally annotated allowing the identification of several candidate genes that are likely to play a central role in developmental processes, nutrient reservoir activity, sexual reproduction, gamete generation, meiosis, sex differentiation, sperm motility, male courtship behavior and fertilization. Additionally, comparisons with the male gonad transcriptomes of other echinoderms revealed several conserved orthologous genes, suggesting that similar functional and structural pathways underlie the reproductive development in this group and other marine invertebrates.
Ion concentration polarization for pre-concentration of biological samples without pH change
Authors: Cho Youngkyu , Yoon Junghyo , Lim David Wonbin , Kim Jaehoon , Lee Jeong Hoon , Chung Seok
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a method was developed for pre-concentrating large-volume biological samples for subsequent analysis.
Control of bacterial nitrate assimilation by stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA
Authors: Waller Zoë A. E. , Pinchbeck Benjamin J. , Buguth Bhovina Seewoodharry , Meadows Timothy G. , Richardson David J. , Gates Andrew J.
Published: November 2016

Ligand-specific control of nitrate assimilation inParacoccus denitrificansby stabilization of DNA G-quadruplex in the promoter region ofnas.
A chemical reporter strategy for detecting and identifying O-mycoloylated proteins in Corynebacterium
Authors: Kavunja Herbert W. , Piligian Brent F. , Fiolek Taylor J. , Foley Hannah N. , Nathan Temitope O. , Swarts Benjamin M.
Published: November 2016

A trehalose monomycolate (TMM)-mimicking chemical reporter facilitated the investigation of a recently discovered class of lipidated proteins in theCorynebacterineae.
Dynameric host frameworks for the activation of lipase through H-bond and interfacial encapsulation
Authors: Zhang Yan , Feng Wei-Xu , Legrand Yves-Marie , Supuran Claudiu T. , Su Cheng-Yong , Barboiu Mihail
Published: November 2016

The encapsulation of lipase by dynamic polymers – dynamers – was used to activate enzymatic reactions.
The atomistic structure of yttria stabilised zirconia at 6.7 mol%: an ab initio study
Authors: Parkes Michael A. , Tompsett David A. , d'Avezac Mayeul , Offer Gregory J. , Brandon Nigel P. , Harrison Nicholas M.
Published: November 2016

GGA-DFT calculations performed on a large database of 6.7 mol% YSZ structures are compared to previous studies revealing a new low energy defect structure for this important oxide ion conductor.
A ReaxFF force field for sodium intrusion in graphitic cathodes
Authors: Hjertenæs Eirik , Nguyen Anh Quynh , Koch Henrik
Published: November 2016

A ReaxFF force field for sodium intrusion in graphitic carbon.
Growth and structure of ultrathin praseodymium oxide layers on ruthenium(0001)
Authors: Höcker Jan , Krisponeit Jon-Olaf , Cambeis Julian , Zakharov Alexei , Niu Yuran , Wei Gang , Colombi Ciacchi Lucio , Falta Jens , Schaefer Andreas , Flege Jan Ingo
Published: November 2016

Unraveling in situ the nanoscale morphology, chemistry, and crystallographic structure of epitaxial praseodymia on a ruthenium single crystal support.
Halogenated MOF-5 variants show new configuration, tunable band gaps and enhanced optical response in the visible and near infrared
Authors: Yang Li-Ming , Fang Guo-Yong , Ma Jing , Pushpa Raghani , Ganz Eric
Published: November 2016

We show that full halogenation of paradigm MOF-5 can tune the band gap and optical response between 1.0 and 4.2 eV leading to optical activity in the visible and infrared. Applications include photocatalysts, photoactive materials, and optoelectronics.
The synergistic effect of cobalt on a Pd/Co catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling in water
Authors: You Li-Xin , Liu Hui-Jie , Cui Lan-Xin , Ding Fu , Xiong Gang , Wang Shu-Ju , Ren Bao-Yi , Dragutan Ileana , Dragutan Valerian , Sun Ya-Guang
Published: November 2016

We report on the first Suzuki–Miyaura reaction promoted by a phosphine-free trimetallic Pd2/Co catalyst proceeding in water, under aerobic conditions. Results reveal a synergistic Co–Pd cooperation.
Coumestrol modulates Akt and Wnt/β-catenin signaling during the attenuation of adipogenesis
Authors: Jang Young Jin , Son Hyo Jeong , Ahn Jiyun , Jung Chang Hwa , Ha Taeyoul
Published: November 2016

Present study investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in coumestrol's effect on adipogenesis.
Uncoupling of an ammonia channel as a mechanism of allosteric inhibition in anthranilate synthase of Serratia marcescens: dynamic and graph theoretical analysis
Authors: Srivastava Ashutosh , Sinha Somdatta
Published: November 2016

Network modeling and molecular dynamic studies reveal the perturbation in communication pathways as a mechanism of allosteric inhibition in anthranilate synthase.
Engineering carrier scattering at the interfaces in polyaniline based nanocomposites for high thermoelectric performances
Authors: Wang Liming , Yao Qin , Shi Wei , Qu Sanyin , Chen Lidong
Published: November 2016

Ternary PANI/SWNT/Te nanocomposite films with high thermoelectric properties were obtained through the rational design of nanostructures and energy barriers.
Facile preparation of novel quaternary g-C3N4/Fe3O4/AgI/Bi2S3 nanocomposites: magnetically separable visible-light-driven photocatalysts with significantly enhanced activity
Authors: Akhundi Anise , Habibi-Yangjeh Aziz
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we successfully fabricated quaternary g-C3N4/Fe3O4/AgI/Bi2S3 nanocomposites with various weight percents of Bi2S3, as novel magnetically separable visible-light-driven photocatalysts, using a facile refluxing method at 96 °C.
Nonlinear transmittance and optical power limiting in magnesium ferrite nanoparticles: effects of laser pulsewidth and particle size
Authors: Perumbilavil Sreekanth , Sridharan Kishore , Abraham Ann Rose , Janardhanan Harsha P. , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Philip Reji
Published: November 2016

We report comparative measurements of size dependent nonlinear transmission and optical power limiting in nanocrystalline magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) particles excited by short (nanosecond) and ultrashort (femtosecond) laser pulses.
Phase segregation in hydroxyfluorapatite solid solution at high temperatures studied by combined XRD/solid state NMR
Authors: Gao Yajie , Karpukhina Natalia , Law Robert V.
Published: November 2016

Hydroxyfluorapatite solid solution segregates at high temperatures; the temperature of segregation is dependent on level of fluoride substitution.
Manganese silicate drapes as a novel electrode material for supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Hong-Yan , Wang Yue-Ya , Bai Xue , Yang Huan , Han Jian-Ping , Lun Ning , Qi Yong-Xin , Bai Yu-Jun
Published: November 2016

Manganese silicate drapes (hydrothermal time of 3 h) exhibit high specific capacitance and excellent rate performance.
Facile strategy of NCA cation mixing regulation and its effect on electrochemical performance
Authors: Liu Bao-sheng , Wang Zhen-Bo , Yu Fu-Da , Xue Yuan , Wang Guang-jin , Zhang Yin , Zhou Yu-Xiang
Published: November 2016

The cation mixing of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 materials was regulated by a facile strategy via oxygen flow rate control during sintering, and the effect of cation mixing on the electrochemical performance was investigated by CR2025 coin cells tests.
High performance stability of titania decorated carbon for desalination with capacitive deionization in oxygenated water
Authors: Srimuk Pattarachai , Ries Lucie , Zeiger Marco , Fleischmann Simon , Jäckel Nicolas , Tolosa Aura , Krüner Benjamin , Aslan Mesut , Presser Volker
Published: November 2016

Decoration of the surface of carbon nanoparticles with titania leads to a highly stable desalination capacity during capacitive deionization (CDI) operation in oxygenated saline solution.
Crystal-to-crystal photo-reversible polymerization mechanism of bis-thymine derivative
Authors: Udagawa Akihiro , Johnston Priscilla , Sakon Aya , Toyoshima Ryosuke , Uekusa Hidehiro , Koshima Hideko , Saito Kei , Asahi Toru
Published: November 2016

Solid-state photo-reversible polymerization mechanism in crystals was studied, which can produce stereoregular polymer molecules in environmentally friendly solvent-free systems.
Application of supercritical CO2as the processing medium to tune impact fracture behavior of polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-octene) blends
Authors: Wang Kun , Pang Yongyan , Huang Pengke , Zhang Lihua , Liu Wei , Zheng Wenge
Published: November 2016

The new approach of applying scCO2as a processing medium was proven effective in tuning the fracture behavior of PP/POE blends.
Postsynthetic ionization of an imidazole-containing metal–organic framework for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide and epoxides
Authors: Liang Jun , Chen Rui-Ping , Wang Xiu-Yun , Liu Tao-Tao , Wang Xu-Sheng , Huang Yuan-Biao , Cao Rong
Published: November 2016

A bifunctional imidazolium functionalized Zr-based metal–organic framework, (I−)Meim-UiO-66, was successfully prepared, which can serve as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst towards the capture and coupling of CO2 with epoxides.
Surface engineering of carbon fiber paper for efficient capacitive energy storage
Authors: Zhang Haozhe , Qiu Wenda , Zhang Yifeng , Han Yi , Yu Minghao , Wang Zifan , Lu Xihong , Tong Yexiang
Published: November 2016

Commercial carbon fiber paper (CFP) has been rarely used as an active electrode material for supercapacitors (SCs) due to its poor electrochemical activity and limited surface area.
Improved Li-ion diffusion and stability of a LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode through in situ co-doping with dual-metal cations and incorporation of a superionic conductor
Authors: Liu Weijie , Shi Qiang , Qu Qunting , Gao Tian , Zhu Guobin , Shao Jie , Zheng Honghe
Published: November 2016

Incorporation of the Li7La3Zr2O12 superionic conductor into LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 greatly improves the intrinsic lithium diffusion rate and rate capability.
A facile approach for thermal and reduction dual-responsive prodrug nanogels for intracellular doxorubicin delivery
Authors: Peng Huan , Huang Xiaobin , Oppermann Alex , Melle Andrea , Weger Lindsey , Karperien Marcel , Wöll Dominik , Pich Andrij
Published: November 2016

Temperature and redox dual responsive prodrug nanogels for controlled drug release.
A fluorescent probe for bisulfite ions: its application to two-photon tissue imaging
Authors: Agarwalla Hridesh , Pal Suman , Paul Anirban , Jun Yong Woong , Bae Juryang , Ahn Kyo Han , Srivastava Divesh N. , Das Amitava
Published: November 2016

Two-photon imaging of endogenous bisulphite ions of the hippocampus region of mouse brain.
Role of rare earth ions in the magnetic, magnetocaloric and magnetoelectric properties of RCrO3 (R = Dy, Nd, Tb, Er) crystals
Authors: Yin L. H. , Yang J. , Tong P. , Luo X. , Park C. B. , Shin K. W. , Song W. H. , Dai J. M. , Kim K. H. , Zhu X. B. , Sun Y. P.
Published: November 2016

H-induced stair-like metamagnetic transitions, large magnetocaloric and magnetoelectric effects related to the 4f electrons of rare-earth ions were revealed in chromite crystals.
Effects of sorafenib and cisplatin on preneoplastic foci of altered hepatocytes in fetal turkey liver
Authors: Kaestner Bettina , Spicher Karsten , Jaehde Ulrich , Enzmann Harald
Published: November 2016

Foci of altered hepatocytes (FAH) were induced in fetal turkey liver (FTL) by diethyl nitrosamine. Sorafenib but not cisplatin enhanced the development of FAH by increasing cell proliferation. This is indicative of a potential promotion effect of sorafenib on hepatocarcinogenesis.
The Rim101 pathway contributes to ER stress adaptation through sensing the state of plasma membrane
Authors: Obara Keisuke , Kihara Akio
Published: November 2016

Yeast cells sense alterations in the plasma membrane (PM) lipid asymmetry and external alkalization by the sensor protein Rim21, which functions in the Rim101 pathway. Rim101 signaling is initiated at the PM by the recruitment of the Rim101 signaling complex. The PM physically associates with the cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form ER–PM contact sites, where several signaling events, lipid exchange, and ion transport take place. In the present study, we investigated the spatial relationship between ER–PM contact sites and the sites of Rim101 signaling. Rim101 signaling mostly proceeds outside ER–PM contact sites in the PM and did not require intact ER–PM contact for its activation. Rather, the Rim101 pathway was constitutively activated by ER–PM contact site disruption, which is known to cause ER stress. ER stress induced by tunicamycin treatment activated the Rim101 pathway. Furthermore, the sensitivity of cells to tunicamycin without ER–PM contact was considerably elevated by the deletion of RIM21. These results suggest that the Rim101 pathway is important for the adaptation to ER stress by compensating for alterations in PM lipid asymmetry induced by ER stress.
Modulation of prion polymerization and toxicity by rationally designed peptidomimetics
Authors: Srivastava Ankit , Sharma Sakshi , Sadanandan Sandhya , Gupta Sakshi , Singh Jasdeep , Gupta Sarika , Haridas V. , Kundu Bishwajit
Published: November 2016

Misfolding and aggregation of cellular prion protein is associated with a large array of neurological disorders commonly called the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Designing inhibitors against prions has remained a daunting task owing to limited information about mechanism(s) of their pathogenic self-assembly. Here, we explore the anti-prion properties of a combinatorial library of bispidine-based peptidomimetics (BPMs) that conjugate amino acids with hydrophobic and aromatic side chains. Keeping the bispidine unit unaltered, a series of structurally diverse BPMs were synthesized and tested for their prion-modulating properties. Administration of Leu- and Trp-BPMs delayed and completely inhibited the amyloidogenic conversion of human prion protein (HuPrP), respectively. We found that each BPM induced the HuPrP to form unique oligomeric nanostructures differing in their biophysical properties, cellular toxicities and response to conformation-specific antibodies. While Leu-BPMs were found to stabilize the oligomers, Trp-BPMs effected transient oligomerization, resulting in the formation of non-toxic, non-fibrillar aggregates. Yet another aromatic residue, Phe, however, accelerated the aggregation process in HuPrP. Molecular insights obtained through MD (molecular dynamics) simulations suggested that each BPM differently engages a conserved Tyr 169 residue at the α2–β2 loop of HuPrP and affects the stability of α2 and α3 helices. Our results demonstrate that this new class of molecules having chemical scaffolds conjugating hydrophobic/aromatic residues could effectively modulate prion aggregation and toxicity.
Efficient and simple approach to in vitro culture of primary epithelial cancer cells
Authors: Janik Karolina , Popeda Marta , Peciak Joanna , Rosiak Kamila , Smolarz Maciej , Treda Cezary , Rieske Piotr , Stoczynska-Fidelus Ewelina , Ksiazkiewicz Magdalena
Published: November 2016

Primary cancer cells constitute a favourable testing platform for in vitro research in oncology field as they reflect tumour state more accurately than the most commonly employed stable cell lines. Unfortunately, due to limited availability of material and difficulties with protocols validation, primary models are rarely implemented into laboratory practice.

We have compared protocols for primary cultures, differing in media components and plate coatings. In terms of culture establishment, application of Geltrex® coating demonstrated equal efficiency to feeder layer (83% compared with 72% successfully established breast and 80% compared with 80% prostate tumour specimens), yet it was substantially less complicated and easier to validate. Both Geltrex® coating and tissue-specific primary cell medium were permanently required to successfully maintain primary epithelial prostate cancer cells (PEPCs) in culture. In case of primary epithelial breast cancer cells (PEBCs), collagen I coating enabled to obtain comparable number of passages to Geltrex® coating (P=0.438). Commercial primary cell media demonstrated lower efficiency than tissue-specific ones (PEPCs–5 compared with 8 and PEBCs–6 compared with 9 passages). Interestingly, both analysed tumour types were unsusceptible to induction of culture lifespan extension when transduced with SV40LT, BMI-1 or hEST2 genes, commonly applied as potential immortalizing agents.

In conclusion, the approach based on extracellular matrix reconstitution and tissue-specific primary cell media is easy to validate and provides in vitro expansion sufficient for analytical purposes (approximately 8 passages). Therefore, it may facilitate implementation of hardly available experimental models for a variety of analyses.
Strong antineoplastic effects of metformin in preclinical models of liver carcinogenesis
Authors: Cauchy François , Mebarki Mouniya , Leporq Benjamin , Laouirem Samira , Albuquerque Miguel , Lambert Simon , Bourgoin Pierre , Soubrane Olivier , Van Beers Bernard E. , Faivre Sandrine , Bedossa Pierre , Paradis Valérie
Published: November 2016

Studies suggest that metformin, widely used for treating Type 2 diabetes, possesses innate antineoplastic properties. For metabolic syndrome patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), metformin may provide antitumoral effects. We evaluated the impact of metformin on tumour growth and visceral fat composition using relevant preclinical models of metabolic syndrome. Studies were performed in three hepatoma cell lines, in HepG2 xenograft mice fed with standard chow (SC) diet, 60% high-fat diet (HFD) or 30% fructose diet (FR), and an ex vivo model of human cultured HCC slices. Visceral fatty acid composition was analysed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Metformin had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis in vitro through the deregulation of mTOR/AMPK, AKT and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signalling pathways. Tumour engraftment rates were higher in HFD mice than SC mice (hepatic: 79% compared with 25%, P=0.02) and FR mice (subcutaneous: 86% compared with 50%, P=0.04). Subcutaneous tumour volume was increased in HFD mice (+64% compared with FR and SC, P=0.03). Metformin significantly decreased subcutaneous tumour growth via cell-cycle block and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway inhibition, and also induced hypoxia and decreased angiogenesis. In ex vivo tumour slices, metformin treatment led to increased necrosis, decreased cyclin D1 and increased carbonic anhydrase-9 (CA-9). Metformin caused qualitative changes in visceral fat composition of HFD mice, with decreased proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (14.6% ± 2.3% compared with 17.9% ± 3.0%, P=0.04). The potent antitumoral effects of metformin in multiple preclinical models implicating several molecular mechanisms provide a strong rationale for clinical trials including combination studies in HCC patients.
Defective adaptive thermogenesis contributes to metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis in obese mice
Authors: Poekes Laurence , Legry Vanessa , Schakman Olivier , Detrembleur Christine , Bol Anne , Horsmans Yves , Farrell Geoffrey C. , Leclercq Isabelle A.
Published: November 2016

Fatty liver diseases are complications of the metabolic syndrome associated with obesity, insulin resistance and low grade inflammation. Our aim was to uncover mechanisms contributing to hepatic complications in this setting. We used foz/foz mice prone to obesity, insulin resistance and progressive fibrosing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Foz/foz mice are hyperphagic but wild-type (WT)-matched calorie intake failed to protect against obesity, adipose inflammation and glucose intolerance. Obese foz/foz mice had similar physical activity level but reduced energy expenditure. Thermogenic adaptation to high-fat diet (HFD) or to cold exposure was severely impaired in foz/foz mice compared with HFD-fed WT littermates due to lower sympathetic tone in their brown adipose tissue (BAT). Intermittent cold exposure (ICE) restored BAT function and thereby improved glucose tolerance, decreased fat mass and liver steatosis. We conclude that failure of BAT adaptation drives the metabolic complications of obesity in foz/foz mice, including development of liver steatosis. Induction of endogenous BAT function had a significant therapeutic impact on obesity, glucose tolerance and liver complications and is a potential new avenue for therapy of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).