bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beta Irradiation Effect on Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Thin-Films
Authors: Akyol Şengül , Matur U. Cancı , Baydogan N. , Çimenoğlu Hüseyin
Published: July 2015

One of the most promising absorber materials for thin-film solar modules are polycrystalline chalcopyrite thin-film solar cells based on Cu (In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS). By having the direct band gap and high absorption coefficient, CIGS compounds have high solar to electricity conversion efficiency, reliability, and stability. The changes of physical properties of sol-gel derived CIGS thin-films were investigated after the beta irradiation. The effect of ionization radiation on the optical materials is promising in the radiation science and air and space science. The ionized radiation causes changes of physical and chemical properties by exciting the free carriers and forming electron-hole pairs. The irradiaton effect on the CIGS thin-films is evaluated by determining the optical band gap of the films exposed to the beta radiation source by using Sr-90 radioisotope. The variations in structural and optical properties were considered with respect to the absorbed dose level to investigate the characteristic properties of CIGS thin-films.
Hydrogen Trapping at Defects in Pd and Thermally Activated Desorption
Authors: Vlach Martin , Čížek Jakub , Melikhova Oksana , Kodetova Veronika , Stulíková Ivana , Procházka Ivan
Published: July 2015

Hydrogen interaction with vacancies and dislocations in Pd were investigated in the present work. Well annealed and plastically deformed Pd samples were electrochemically doped with hydrogen up to various hydrogen concentrations. Subsequently the samples were subjected to linear annealing (10 K/min) and hydrogen desorption was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). An endothermic peak caused by hydrogen desorption was observed in the DSC curve of well annealed sample at ∼ 178 °C. In plastically deformed samples this peak is shifted to higher temperatures since hydrogen is trapped at dislocations and its diffusivity is suppressed. Moreover, it was found that if the atmosphere surrounding the heated sample contains oxygen the endothermic hydrogen desorption peak is followed by a strong exothermal peak caused by fusion of desorbed hydrogen with oxygen into water vapour molecules. To avoid this undesired effect DSC measurements have to be done in a protective atmosphere which does not contain oxygen.
Wheat Convective Drying: An Analytical Investigation via Galerkin-Based Integral Method
Authors: Santos J.P.S. , Santos I.B. , Pereira E.M.A. , Silva J.V. , de Lima Antônio Gilson Barbosa
Published: July 2015

This work aims to study convective drying of ellipsoidal solids. Aplication has been done to drying of wheat Kernel. Diffusion equation in cylindrical coordinates has been solved via Galerkin-based integral method considering convective boundary conditions and constant thermo-physical properties. Results of the temperature and moisture content are presented and compared with wheat experimental drying data at relative humidity 33.8 % and temperature 47.0°C. It was verified that heat transfer in the drying process occurs much faster than the mass transfer, thus providing a rapid heating of the product, which reduces grain quality.
Thermodynamic Possibilities and Limits for Producer Gas Desulfurization and HCL Related Interferences for Zn, Mn, Ce and La Based Sorbents of Sulfur Compounds
Authors: Svoboda Karel , Hartman Miloslav , Pohořelý Michael , Šyc Michal , Kameníková Petra , Jeremiáš Michal , Huang Liang Wei
Published: July 2015

The study is concentrated on thermodynamic analyses of gas desulfurization process (deep removal of H2S, COS, thiophene) by selected solid sorbents (ZnO, MnO, CexOy and La2O3) and on interferences caused by presence of hydrogen halides in a temperature range 500-1100 K. The results show that theoretically Ce2O3 and La2O3 are the best sorbents for sulfur compounds at temperatures over approx. 700 K. The CexOy, La2O3 and MnO based sorbents can suffer from significant interferences caused by higher concentrations of HCl and HF in gas phase. The thermodynamic equilibria suggest that removal of HCl (HF) by soda based sorbents at temperatures 650 – 850 K is practically without interferences from sulfur compounds. The common alkali carbonates are less suitable than the calcium based (Ca (OH)2, CaCO3) sorbents for deep removal of HF.
Rate Effects on Dynamic Properties of Liquid under Nanoconfinement
Authors: Tan Qi Yan , Kan Ya Jing , Zhao Gu Tian , Chen Yun Fei
Published: July 2015

The dynamic properties of liquids in confined geometries or porous media are of both fundamental and practical importance in many physical situations, such as lubrication of micro/nanoelectromechanical systems, the flow of liquids in rocks and nanopores, and transport through porous media in filtration processes. The investigation of liquids confined at the nanoscale has been an active field for many years, but their properties remain controversial. In this work, a surface force apparatus (SFA) has been used to investigate the dynamic properties of nanoconfined octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) between two mica surfaces. The dependences of normal and adhesion forces on different confinement or retraction rates were studied. The hydrodynamic effects and liquid drainage were also determined. The contribution of hydrodynamic effects to liquid drainage is limited. Our experimental results showed that normal forces are strongly changed at high loading rates, whereas adhesion forces vary slightly. The rapidly confined film behaves as a jamming liquid of enhanced viscosity for a film thickness below to a few nanometers, while the viscosity change little at slow confinement rate. These results indicate that confining rate effects play a great role in the properties of nanoconfined liquid.
Effect of High-Pressure Coolant Supply on Chip-Breaking and Tool Wear in Machining of Stainless Steel
Authors: Katoh Takahiro , Ohmori Shigetoshi , Maeda Takahiro , Kakumitsu Takanori , Okuda Koichi , Sekimoto Masatoshi , Morigo Chikara
Published: July 2015

The high-pressure coolant supply cutting has attracted attention from a viewpoint of chip evacuation and tool life. In this study, the influence of high-pressure coolant supply on chip shape, cutting force and tool wear were investigated. The tests were carried out during external turning of stainless steel with cemented carbide cutting inserts. The results suggest that the length and radius of the chips got shorter with high-pressure coolant supply, especially supply pressure more than 5MPa. The cutting force was increase slightly with high-pressure coolant supply. However the thrust force was decrease. The uniform flank wear and crater wear were reduced and tool life was improved by high-pressure coolant supply.
Investigation of Machinability in Milling of Difficult-to-Cut Materials Using Water Soluble and Water Insoluble Cutting Oil
Authors: Nikawa Makoto , Okada Masato
Published: July 2015

The machinability of difficult-to-cut materials was evaluated during the milling process using water soluble and water insoluble cutting oils. The fundamental characteristics of the cutting oils were investigated by the pin-on-disk abrasion test. The machinability was evaluated by the tool flank wear, chip geometry, cutting force, and tool-flank temperature during milling. The tool-flank temperature was measured using a two-color pyrometer with an optical fiber. Workpiece materials consisting of stainless steel and a titanium alloy were used along with commercial cutting oils. From the results of the pin-on-disk abrasion test, the friction coefficients resulting from the application of various cutting oils to the face of the titanium alloy and WC-based hard metal were approximately the same value. The water soluble cutting oil had a higher coolability than the water insoluble cutting oil. From the results of the milling test, the water insoluble oil had a higher machinability of the difficult-to-cut materials than the water soluble cutting oil. The tool-flank temperature during wet cutting of the difficult-to-cut materials decreased by approximately 50–80 °C compared to dry cutting. However, no differences in the tool-flank temperature were observed between the water soluble and water insoluble cutting oils. The cutting force during wet cutting increased compared to dry cutting, most likely because the heating during cutting was reduced by supplying the cutting oil, and the material at the cutting point did not cause heat softening.
L-Shaped Machining of Anisotropic Woods with a Fine Wire Cutting Tool
Authors: Sakamoto Satoshi , Kondo Yasuo , Yamaguchi Kenji , Hayashi Keitoku , Iida Ryuichi , Yamaguchi Mitsugu
Published: July 2015

A fret-saw blade is commonly used in micromachining or curve machining of various woods. However, there is a curvature limit for machining of free-form surfaces because a fret-saw blade has a thickness of several hundred microns and a width of several millimeters. Additionally, cutting with a fret-saw blade produces much wood meal as chips. If a fine wire cutting tool is used, more flexible machining, such as machining of high curvature free-form surfaces, is possible and the quantity of chip production drastically decreases. The main purpose of this study is to clarify the fundamental machinability of anisotropic materials cut with a fine wire tool. In this report, we describe the machinability of various woods that are naturally anisotropic materials using a fine wire cutting tool that has electrodeposited diamond grains on its surface. In addition, this report discusses the performance of a trial manufactured hand tool employing the same wire cutting tool. The main conclusions obtained in this study are as follows. Acceptable machining of anisotropic woods is possible using a fine wire cutting tool, and the kerf width produced with this wire tool is narrower than that produced with a fret-saw blade. Additionally, the wood species and the cutting direction with respect to the wood grain have a significant influence on the machinability of various woods. Moreover, a relatively smooth cross section is provided when wood is cut by the hand tool using the fine wire tool.
Machining Feasibility of a New Developed Medium in Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Chuang Fang Pin , Lin Yan Cherng , Lee Hsin Min , Chow Han Ming , Wang A Cheng
Published: July 2015

The environment issue and green machining technique have been induced intensive attention in recent years. It is urgently need to develop a new kind dielectric to meet the requirements for industrial applications. The aim of this study is to develop a novel dielectric using gas media immersed in deionized water for electrical discharge machining (EDM). The developed machining medium for EDM can fulfill the environmentally friendly issue and satisfy the demand of high machining performance. The experiments were conducted by this developed medium to investigate the effects of machining parameters on machining characteristics in terms of material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness. The developed EDM medium revealed the potential to obtain a stabilizing progress with excellent machining performance and environmentally friendly feature.
Shear Cutting Behaviors in Thermosetting and Thermoplatic CFRP Laminates
Authors: Nakamura Noriko , Ogi Keiji , Ota Atsushi , Nakata Sho , Suma Kenta
Published: July 2015

This paper presents shear cutting behaviors in thermosetting and thermoplastic CFRP laminates. Cross-ply laminates were fabricated from unidirectional thermosetting and thermoplastic CFRP prepregs for shear cutting tests. The tests were conducted by using three upper blades (Blades A, B and C) with different clearance and shearing angles at room and elevated temperatures up to around the glass transition temperature Tg. The cross-sections near the cutting surfaces were observed to quantitatively measure the length of burrs and removal part. In addition, double cantilever beam (DCB) tests were performed to measure mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of the thermosetting CFRP at various temperatures. It was found that the optimum cutting for the thermosetting CFRP is achieved by using Blade C at a temperature of 70 OC, which is slightly lower than Tg. However, optimum cutting conditions are not proposed for the thermoplastic CFRP yet since the dominant parameters are not always identified under the conditions within the present study.
Study on Applicability of Large-Area EB Irradiation to Micro-Deburring
Authors: Miyoshi Tomoaki , Okada Akira , Okamoto Yasuhiro
Published: July 2015

In a large-area electron beam (EB) irradiation method developed recently, high energy EB can be obtained without focusing the beam, and large-area EB with almost uniform energy density distribution of 60mm in diameter can be used for instantly melting and evaporating metal surface. Then, the surface smoothing and surface modification of metal molds made of steel, cemented carbide and ceramics can be performed efficiently. When the large-area EB is irradiated to a sharp edge, the material removal remarkably progresses at the edge due to the heat accumulation and EB concentration there, which leads to the edge rounding. Our previous study clarified that micro-deburring was also possible by using this phenomenon. Moreover, this method would be effective for removal of discontinuous micro burrs generated by thermal machining processes, such as EDM and laser cutting. In this study, the possibility to completely remove micro burrs generated in EDM was experimentally investigated. The difference in micro-deburring characteristics with the type of workpiece material was also investigated. As a result, the EDM micro burrs with a height of about up to 50μm could be completely removed by this method. Furthermore, it was made clear that the magnetic property of workpiece materials greatly influenced the deburring characteristics, and the thermal property such as melting point and thermal conductivity also did.
Effect of Al Addition in Cast Nickel Base Superalloys, Inconel-738 on Microstructures and Oxidation Behaviors at 900°C and 1000°C
Authors: Wangyao Panyawat , Polsilapa Sureerat , Promboopha Aimamorn , Srigiofun Pajaree , Srihakulung Ornin
Published: July 2015

The objective of this research work is to investigate the effect of Aluminum addition in cast nickel base superalloy grade Inconel-738 by vacuum arc melting process on microstructural modification and oxidation behavior at elevated temperatures of 900°C and 1000°C. The Al element, basically, could be added in cast nickel base superalloys in proper amount to form precipitated intermetallic phase with nickel atoms as gamma prime phase (γ’, Ni3Al) to increase mechanical properties by blocking dislocation movements at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, Al can assist nickel base superalloy to form protective oxide film, Al2O3 for better oxidation resistance at very high temperatures (over 980°C). In this research, all casted samples of Inconel-738 with various Al additions for 1, 2 and 3 percent by weight were standard heat treated consisting of solution treating at 1125°C for 6 hours and following with precipitate aging at 845°C for 24 hours. The oxidation tests were carried out at temperatures of 900°C and 1000°C up to 110 hours. From all obtained results, it was found that the sample that has the most microstructural stability after long-term heating as simulated working conditions is Inconel-738 sample with 2%wt. Al addition. Furthermore, more Al addition had resulted in higher oxidation resistances for both testing temperatures.
Wear Monitoring of Steel Ball of a CNC Machining Centre by Using Surface Roughness of Finished Test Pieces
Authors: Saknararak Komate , Phimpisan Phaireepinas , Chungchoo Chatchapol
Published: July 2015

Currently, there are several methods for indicating wear of the steel ball and screw shaft components of CNC machining centres. These include wear prediction of the steel ball and screw shaft of the ball screw by using the value of backlash. This value, generally, has to be determined using expensive equipment such as a laser interferometer or a ball bar. In order to reduce the monitoring cost of ball screw wear, especially steel ball wear, a new monitoring technique is introduced. This technique was developed from a correlation between steel ball wear and the surface roughness of the machined surface of a test piece. In this research, the balls were subjected to artificial wear which were achieved by using a barrel tumbling process. Experimental results indicated that ball wear causes increase in surface roughness of a machined test piece. Employing these results, an equation for estimating steel ball wear was developed. Research results also showed that this new technique can reduce monitoring cost significantly compared with the cost of conventional methods.
Investigation of Crack Generation in a Notch during Diameter-Enlargement Working Method Processing
Authors: Zhu Xia , Takahashi Hironori , Ogi Keiji , Takahashi Manabu , Okabe Nagatoshi
Published: July 2015

We have proposed a new cold processing method to enlarge the diameter of a short section of a metal shaft using a combination of a cyclic bending load and an axial compressive load that is lower than the yield stress of the sample material. We call this cold processing method the diameter-enlargement working method, and refer to the enlarged section of the processed shaft as the diameter-enlargement section. The processing method produces large plastic deformation, and its key features are as follows: the diameter-enlargement deformation progresses easily under a low axial compressive load at room temperature and the processed part exhibits little temperature increase. However, a crack is generated in the notch near the diameter-enlargement section during processing, and the cause is not yet clearly understood. Therefore, we conducted processing experiments to clarify the crack generation conditions, and simulated the working process using the finite element method to investigate the behaviors of stress and strain during processing. Furthermore, we calculated the low-cycle fatigue damage in the processed shaft using the Manson–Coffin expression. This study clarifies the mechanism of crack generation during processing and evaluates the fatigue strength of the processed part.
Recommendation of a Measure for Enhancing the Precision of Dimensions of Foil Products in Single Point Incremental Forming Technology
Authors: Le Khanh Dien , Nguyen Tan Hung , Nguyen Thien Binh , Le Thanh Son , Nguyen Huy-Bich , Nguyen Thanh Nam
Published: July 2015

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) has become a popular technology of forming sheet materials in the recent decades. However, the springback phenomenon, an inborn property of almost all elasto-plastic materials, reduces the precision of dimensions of the products by the finished forming session. This paper attempts to find out a measure to minimize this unwanted obstacle by using both empirical and simulating methods in order to define the relations of springback values among the forming parameters such as diameter of the forming tool, its revolution per minute, its velocity and its feed rate. Analyzing these equations to extract the appropriate parameters of forming for enhancing the precision of SPIF products is the final aim of this paper.
Behavior of MnS on Belag Formation and Observation on Carbide Tool
Authors: Matsui Teruyuki , Hiroshi Usuki , Yoshinobu Masahiro , Nakashima Shogo , Koseki Shuho , Morishita Kana , Inoue Kenichi , Kano Takashi , Haritani Makoto , Hagino Masahiro , Yamane Yasuo
Published: July 2015

In the 1960s, Opitz discovered the formation of complex oxide protective layers (Belag) on worn surfaces of tools when cutting Ca deoxidized steel. Belag formation is used in a free-cutting technique for steel and cast iron because it significantly reduces diffusional wear by preventing direct contact between the tool and work material; hence, tool life can be dramatically prolonged. For Belag to form, one condition is that the tool material should contain TiC. It has been reported that Belag adheres to tool surfaces because TiC in the tool oxidizes and reacts with Belag. Our study aims to clarify the formation and adhesion mechanisms of Belag. In this study, Ca deoxidized steel was machined with noncoated carbide P10 tools, and the state of the interface between the tool and Belag layer was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elemental analyses. As a result, we found that Belag directly adhered to Ti carbide (Ti–W–C) particles on tool surfaces. In contrast, Belag did not directly adhere to WC or Co on tool surfaces. Unlike previous studies, we could not confirm the formation of the TiC oxide or its oxide layer near the interface to which Belag adhered. In addition, when we machined a Ca deoxidized steel containing MnS, a CaS layer formed in Belag at the interface between the tool and Belag layer.
Simulation of Effective Stress and Temperature Field of the Die and Workpiece during ECAP of Pure Titanium at Different Ram Speeds by Finite Volume Method
Authors: Pham Quang , Nghiep Do Minh , Kim Yong Jin
Published: July 2015

The finite volume simulation of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was realized using 3D commercial code MSC.SuperForge. The knowledge of stress and temperature during ECAP process is very important for forming a hard-to-deform as Ti under optimal thermo-mechanical conditions to achieve desired mechanical properties. In this work, the strain, stress and temperature fields of both the die and workpiece are studied. The resulted stress and temperature distributions showed maximal values in the region of corner and channel angles of the die. Also, the temperature increased during the processing, as a consequence of the deformation. The heating of the deformation system was calculated and analyzed for three different ram speeds (v = 1, 10 and 20 mm/s) at 400 °C. Keywords: ECAP, SPD, FEM, FVM, heat transfer analysis, titanium
A Parametric Study of Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Performance on CO Reduction in Diesel Dual Fuel Engine Exhaust
Authors: Jirawongnuson Sirichai , Wachirapan Worathep , Suthiprasert Tul , Wirojsakunchai Ekathai
Published: July 2015

In this research study, a synthetic exhaust gas system is employed to simulate various exhaust conditions similar to those from conventional diesel and Dual Fuel-Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (DF-PCCI) combustion. OEM DOC is tested to compare the effectiveness of reducing CO from both exhaust characteristics. Variations of the temperature and the concentration of CO, THC, and O2 are done to investigate DOC performance on CO reductions according to Design of Experiment (DOE) concept. The results showed that in DF-PCCI exhaust conditions, DOC requires higher exhaust gas temperature as well as O2 concentration to reduce CO emissions.
Evaluation of Surface Properties and In Vitro Characterization of Surface Modified In Situ TiO2 Nanofibers
Authors: Tan Ai Wen , Pingguan-Murphy Belinda , Ahmad Roslina , Akbar Sheikh
Published: July 2015

In situ TiO2 nanofiber arrays have been successfully produced directly on a Ti-6Al-4V substrate by using thermal oxidation under a limited supply of oxygen. Their morphology, elemental composition, crystal structure, surface roughness and surface wettability were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and contact angle goniometer, respectively. The results of material characterization studies revealed that TiO2 nanofibers possessed greater surface roughness and wettability, as well as the degree of crystallinity. In vitro characterization have also been evaluated by using bovine articular chondrocytes on the resulting TiO2 nanofibrous surface at different time points. Cell adhesion was observed qualitatively by using FESEM and cell proliferation was determined quantitatively by using AlamarBlue reduction assay. The results showed that the TiO2 nanofibrous substrate triggers enhanced chondrocytes adhesion, proliferation, and production of extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrils compared to untreated substrate. These results suggest that the oxidation process produces a surface structure to which chondrocytes affinity, and thus this surface would has potential use in implants designed for cartilaginous applications.
Implementation and Validation of the Jet Flame Model Using C++ Open Source Codes Computational Fluid Dynamics Software
Authors: Kamma Panit , Suvanjumrat Chakrit
Published: July 2015

The open source code software, OpenFOAM, based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was implemented to simulate the methane jet flame. The large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulence model was written using C++ language. The mixture fraction approach and infinitely-fast chemistry assumption was combined with this LES turbulence model. The results of jet flame simulation were validated with Yi Zeng etal., (2011) experiments based on flame lengths under flow rate and pressure conditions of 5.95-23.81 mg/s and 50-100 kPa, respectively. It was found that an average error of flame lengths obtained from the developed CFD model was 8.57% when referred the 1% O2 remaining was a flame shape.
Preparation of Electroless Nickel-Phosphorous-TiO2 Composite Coating for Improvement of Wear and Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of AA7075 in 3.5% NaCl
Authors: Lee Cheng Kuo , Chang Chung Sheng , Tan An Hung , Yang Ching Yi , Lee Sheng Long
Published: July 2015

In this study nanoTiO2 particles were incorporated into the electroless plating solution to prepare Ni-P-TiO2 composite coating on anodized AA7075 aluminum alloy to improve the wear and stress corrosion cracking resistance of the coated alloy in 3.5%NaCl solution. The anodized AA7075 aluminum alloy was also performed by a boiling water sealing treatment for comparison. The wear and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) characteristics were investigated using a self-designed block-on-ring machine and slow strain rate test. The effect of corrosion was evaluated by electrochemical polarization measurements. The surface morphology, element composition and surface hardness of the coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and Vicker′s hardness tester. Experimental results indicated that after boiling water sealing treatment the resistance properties of the anodized AA7075 aluminum alloy were further improved. The anodizing treatment of AA7075 aluminum alloy gave a thick film with high porosity. The porous film efficiently improved the cohesion, adhesion and hardness of the electroless Ni-P composite coating. Therefore, the electroless Ni-P composite coating deposited on the anodized AA7075 aluminum alloy offered a superior wear, pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking resistance properties than both anodizing and sealing treatment. By comparison with Ni-P and Ni-P-TiO2 coatings the incorporation of TiO2 resulted in a more uniform and crack-free surface structure of the composite coating. This is responsible for the higher hardness, better wear, pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking resistance of the electroless Ni-P-TiO2 coating.
Micro-Hole Diameter Inspection Using Audible Sound
Authors: Nagasu Yoshinori , Nakayama Noboru , Otani Makoto , Itoh Kazunori , Oguchi Keigo , Eguchi Kakumasa
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a method for inspecting micro-holes with diameters of less than 100 μm using audible sound. The inspection system measures the micro-hole diameter by comparing two sound signals. Fluid flow through micro-holes affects the performance of products such as CO gas sensor parts, microphone filters and fuel injection plates. Therefore, if the flow rate of fluid passing through micro-holes is accurately assessed by an inspection system, the performance of a product can be guaranteed.
Analysis of the Possibility of Use Lithium - Ion as a Starting Battery on the Ship Engine Room
Authors: Grzeczka Grzegorz , Swoboda Paweł
Published: July 2015

The most commonly used starter batteries for ship engine rooms are lead acid systems. Lead acid batters have the lowest electrochemical parameters from all other modern electrochemical systems. On the other hand their biggest advantage is the price of the cell which is much lower comparing to other electrochemical systems. Due to fact that the lithium – ion batteries are very widely used and constantly developed this technology is starting to be promising as an alternative for lead acid batteries for starter applications. Because of this there is a need to verify if the lithium - ion technology can be used for start-up and power backup systems and how will it affect the construction of the engine room and those systems. In order to determine the potential energetic requirements during the design of starter systems in an backup engine room with the use of lithium – ion batteries, in the article the analytic of their performance was conducted with comparison of other electrochemical systems.
Moving Object Detection, Localization and Tracking Using Stereo Vison System
Authors: Żak Bogdan , Hożyń Stanisław
Published: July 2015

The aim of this study was to design an moving object detection, localization and tracking algorithm able to detect, localize and track especially humans and vehicles. We focused on triangulation techniques to calculate the position of the detected objects in a stereo vision rig coordinates frame. For objects detection and tracking the novel algorithm, based on statistical image processing methods, was proposed. Verification of a proper operation of the elaborated method was made by conducting series of experiments. Our results indicate that the algorithm localizes, detects and tracks objects accurately for the most tested conditions.
Analysis of Economic Costs and Environmental Benefits of LNG as the Marine Vessel Fuel
Authors: Pawlak Małgorzata
Published: July 2015

Recent years of the growing concerns over ship emissions have driven policy changes at the international level toward more stringent marine vessels emission standards, mainly SOx and NOx. This has also been a key factor for innovation in marine technologies leading to decrease these emissions. LNG as fuel is one of the solutions as this results in the elimination of SOx emissions, and significant reduction of NOx, CO2 and particulate matter (PM) emissions, when comparing to the emissions from a typical vessel powered by marine diesel oil. This paper analyses environmental benefits of LNG-fuelled marine engines in the light of investment and operating costs, as well as the perspectives of the infrastructure development.
State of Stress Analysis for Structural Solutions of Combustion Engine Piston Pins
Authors: Folęga Piotr , Burdzik Rafał , Konieczny Łukasz
Published: July 2015

This paper addresses a study undertaken to develop spatial numerical models of a piston, a piston pin and a connecting rod with reference to real components of a combustion engine crank system. The numerical studies conducted comprised an analysis of how the mechanical strength of piston pins was influenced depending on the change in their inner shape. For the purposes of calculations, various scenarios of shape modification were proposed for piston pins currently in use, enabling their weight to be reduced.
Mostar university students' self-assessment of lifelong learning competencies
Authors: Klapan Anita , Šaravanja Marija , Mašić Marijeta
Published: July 2015

The introductory part of this paper defines the concept of lifelong learning and describes the key competencies for lifelong learning as defined by the European Union. The empirical part of the paper outlines the results of the research on students’ self-assessment of lifelong learning competencies. The goal of the research was to re-evaluate students’ self-assessment of lifelong learning competencies and to establish whether or not there is a significant difference in attitudes towards the usage and assessment of lifelong learning competencies among students of various study programmes. The research was conducted on the student population at the University of Mostar (N=283). The principal research findings suggest that various study groups of students provide various assessments of lifelong learning competencies, depending on their professional orientation.
Concerto abbreviato Petra Bergama (1966)
Authors: Stefanija Leon
Published: July 2015

Prispevek se ukvarja z kompozicijskimi in estetskimi potezami Concerta abbreviataza solo klarinet iz leta 1966 Petra Bergama. Zgodovinski kontekst in eksplicitna glasbena poetika skladatelja sta dopolnjena s stališči recepcijske zgodovine dela. Analiza oblikovnosti skladbe je podana v obliki pragmatičnih (fenomenoloških) komentarjev procesa strukturiranja celote. Izsledki analize opredeljujejo vrsto trenj med avantgardnimi in tradicionalistični mi značilnostmi in umeščajo skladbo med vredne primere musique informelleobdobja, ko so se glasbene avantgarde razvejale na vrsto tokov.
Prokrustova postelja nacionalizma in nove poti do razumevanja glasbene preteklosti Slovenije
Authors: Nagode Aleš
Published: July 2015

Sodobno slovensko zgodovinopisje pri opazovanju preteklosti ozemlja današnje  Slovenije v vedno večji meri opušča nacionalistično perspektivo, ki je prevladovala vse od 19. st. Avtor poskuša orisati pomen in utemeljenost  uporabe tega pristopa v slovenskem glasbenem zgodovinopisju.
Narrations of a nation: Montenegrin self-representation through (re) construction of cultural memory
Authors: Marković Tatjana
Published: July 2015

The paper considers a multi-levelled process of construction and reconstruction of Montenegrin cultural  memory  through  the  medieval  national history  revived  in  the  19th century  theatre  play Balkanska carica (Balkan empress, 1884) by the Prince  and  the  first  Montenegrin  king  Nikola  I Petrović Njegoš, the opera with the same name by Dionisio de Sarno-San Giorgio (1891) and then one more time in 2006, when the opera was premiered, in the given political and cultural contexts.
Ethnomusicology as the Study of People Making Music
Authors: Titon Jeff Todd
Published: July 2015

This essay defines ethnomusicology as the study of people making music. People make sounds that are recognized as music, and people also make “music” into a cultural domain. The essay contrasts this idea of music as a contingent cultural category with earlier scientific definitions that essentialized music as an object.
Beethoven und der Fortschrittsgedanke
Authors: Loos Helmut
Published: July 2015

The bourgeois/middle-class Modernity chose music for its art-as-religion and made Beethoven the key figure of its ideals. As a consequence, the “romantic image of Beethoven” (Arnold Schmitz) idealizes the composer as being freed of all earthly restrains. The notion of progress was one of the main ideas of this social movement and it was projected on Beethoven and totalized with his music. This process is demonstrated and explained with selected examples.
In Celebration
Authors: Weiss Jernej
Published: July 2015

In Celebration
Comparison of inference methods of genetic parameters with an application to body weight in broilers
Authors: Maniatis G. , Demiris N. , Kranis A. , Banos G. , Kominakis A.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. REML (restricted maximum likelihood) has become the standard method of variance component estimation in animal breeding. Inference in Bayesian animal models is typically based upon Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods, which are generally flexible but time-consuming. Recently, a new Bayesian computational method, integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA), has been introduced for making fast non-sampling-based Bayesian inference for hierarchical latent Gaussian models. This paper is concerned with the comparison of estimates provided by three representative programs (ASReml, WinBUGS and the R package AnimalINLA) of the corresponding methods (REML, MCMC and INLA), with a view to their applicability for the typical animal breeder. Gaussian and binary as well as simulated data were used to assess the relative efficiency of the methods. Analysis of 2319 records of body weight at 35 days of age from a broiler line suggested a purely additive animal model, in which the heritability estimates ranged from 0.31 to 0.34 for the Gaussian trait and from 0.19 to 0.36 for the binary trait, depending on the estimation method. Although in need of further development, AnimalINLA seems a fast program for Bayesian modeling, particularly suitable for the inference of Gaussian traits, while WinBUGS appeared to successfully accommodate a complicated structure between the random effects. However, ASReml remains the best practical choice for the serious animal breeder.
Analysis of mass media news on forest issues: a case study of Spain
Authors: Fabra-Crespo Miguel , Rojas-Briales Eduardo
Published: July 2015

Aim of study. The aim of this paper is to analyze how the news media influences the construction of the social perception of forests and forestry.Area of study. The area covered by this study is Spain.Material and Methods. The materials used for the analysis were the online news related to items such as forest, bioenergy and biodiversity, in two leading newspapers in Spain from 2009 to 2012. The hypotheses tested were divided into two sets, one focused on the messages and another focused on the sources on these messages. Summative content analysis was applied, combining both quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The messages and sources were systematically explored and monitored.Main results: As main results, forest wildfires news is the most frequent issue mentioned in the media, however they require deeper reflection and debate. Keywords such as forest management, owners, harvesting, products, etc. are rarely found anymore; furthermore, new terms such as biomass, are not yet prevalent. On sources, official institutions, primarily the regional governments, dominate the news sources with a share of over 50%.Research highlights: Mass media analysis is considered the most appropriate complement for perception studies as it provides relevant basic information needed to design a communication plan. Further research is required on the role mass media plays in how we perceive and react to the environmental problems around us.Keywords: summative content analysis; policy analysis; ATLAS.ti; biomass; protected areas.
Statistical modeling and verification for the synthesis of median survival time in multilevel meta-analysis of survival data
Authors: Zang Jiajie , Xu Jinfang , Xiang Chun , Zou Shurong , He Jia
Published: July 2015

Objective: Past meta-analyses of survival data have been over simplistic because of restricting to proportional hazard model, lackof intuitive results, and potential omitting information. These had the potential to recommend sub-optimal policies. Here wedevelop multilevel methods for combining median survival times (MSTs) for meta-analysis of survival data.Methods: We used simulated data to test and verify the synthesis model we developed. We generated the study-level data to fit multilevel model and individual patient data to calculate gold standard. We then used the Bland-Altman method and the relativechange from the gold standard to evaluate the fit of the models. Examples were presented in a meta-analysis to illustrate the feasibility of the models.Results: We generated eight sets of simulated datasets of different number of studies and sample size. We established themulti-level fixed and random effect models to pool the MSTs. The test of the fitness of the model showed that the means ofdifference (d) for all simulated datasets between the calculated values and the gold standards are no more than -0.230 and -0.329days and the largest 95% CIs of d are -3.823 3.364 and -3.936 3.278 days respectively. At least 91.9% and 92.3% of the difference between the estimated values and the gold standards are small. The real examples of a meta-analysis were provided with combined MSTs along with pooled HR.Conclusions: The multilevel models of synthesizing MSTs in survival data AD meta-analysis were verified with good fitting effects and provide more intuitive information.
Musculoskeletal malignant neoplasms hospitalisation in Victoria
Authors: Ore Timothy
Published: July 2015

The paper describes factors associated with 2,605 hospital admissions for musculoskeletal malignant neoplasms (MMN) over oneyear. The rates per 10,000 population increased significantly (t=5.3, p<.01) with age, with men (4.5 per 10,000 population, 95% CI 4.1-5.0) at greater risk than women (3.3 per 10,000 population, 95% CI 2.8-3.7). The 30-day readmission rate was 19%, thethird highest of all admission categories. The average length of stay was significantly (t=4.5, p<.01) shorter in the metropolitanarea (8.2 days) than in rural communities (10.8 days). The age-standardised rates varied inversely (r=-0.28) with socioeconomicstatus. Communities with high MMN admission rates had high rates of heart failure admissions (r=0.35), alcohol consumption(r=0.34) and receiving Disability Support Pension (r=0.32). There was a significant (t=13.8, p<.001) monthly variability inMMN hospitalisation rates. As a leading cause of hospital readmission and disability, the condition requires closer analysis.
Subsídios à prevenção e combate a incêndios florestais com base no comportamento da precipitação pluviométrica na Floresta Nacional de Irati, Paraná.
Authors: Tetto Alexandre França , Batista Antonio Carlos , Nunes José Renato Soares , Soares Ronaldo Viana
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na Floresta Nacional de Irati localizada, predominantemente, no município de Fernandes Pinheiro, Paraná, com base em dados meteorológicos de precipitação pluviométrica diária, no período de 1963 a 2006. Teve como objetivo analisar os aspectos do comportamento da precipitação, com a finalidade de utilizar esse parâmetro no planejamento de prevenção e combate aos incêndios florestais, em tal unidade de conservação, sobretudo no que diz respeito à definição do período normal de incêndios e sua influência sobre o perigo de incêndios florestais. Foram analisados a precipitação mensal, o número de dias de chuva e a precipitação média por dia de chuva (mm) em termos de seus valores médios, mínimos e máximos, para o período de 1963 a 2005. Posteriormente, esses dados foram agrupados, tendo sido feito um estudo da evolução da precipitação para esses períodos. Foram determinadas e analisadas as variabilidades interanual dos períodos seco e chuvoso, para um período de 44 anos. Observou-se: a) que o período normal de incêndios se concentra nos meses de abril a agosto, período de menor precipitação média mensal; b) um aumento da precipitação anual; c) diminuição no número de dias de chuva por ano; e d) aumento da precipitação média por dia de chuva. Esses aspectos também foram notados quando analisados por períodos, tendo ocorrido o aumento de 128,78 mm na precipitação total anual média; um decréscimo de cerca de 3 dias de chuva e um acréscimo de 0,90 mm de precipitação média por dia de chuva, no período considerado. O início do período das chuvas se concentra nos primeiros 20 dias de setembro (70,5%), tendo sido observado uma equivalência entre os períodos secos e das chuvas em 1968, 1978 e 1997, o que implica em um maior perigo de incêndios florestais.
Levantamento populacional e comportamento de voo de borboletas (Lepidoptera) em um remanescente florestal em São Sepé, RS.
Authors: Roman Maína , Garlet Juliana , Costa Ervandil Corrêa
Published: July 2015

Com o objetivo de analisar a lepidopterofauna de hábito diurno (borboletas) associada a um remanescente florestal nativo, foram utilizadas oito armadilhas iscadas com banana, instaladas a 1,0, 2,0, 3,0 e 4,0 m do nível do solo. As coletas foram realizadas, semanalmente, de dezembro de 2005 a dezembro de 2006, no município de São Sepé, RS. Foram analisados os índices faunísticos de frequência, constância, abundância e dominância. Também foram avaliadas a altura de voo e a diversidade de espécies. Foram coletados 737 indivíduos pertencentes à família Nymphalidae e distribuídos em seis subfamílias, 16 gêneros e 21 espécies. As espécies mais representativas foram: Euptychia sp., Hamadryas feronia, Taygetis ypthima, Epiphile huebneri, Biblis hyperia, Taygetis sp.1 e Praepedaliodes phanias. Os índices de Shannon e de Margalef indicaram maior diversidade para a altura de 4,0 m e menor para a de 1,0 m, constituindo a abundância relativa um parâmetro importante na condução da diversidade. Cerca de 70% das espécies coletadas foram caracterizadas como frequentes, comuns, não dominantes e de ocorrência acidental. Hamadryas feronia e Euptychia sp. foram constantes, dominantes e muito frequentes. As espécies Euptychia sp. e Taygetis ypthima apresentaram alturas de voo mais próximas ao solo.
Miniestaquia de Eucalyptus benthamii × Eucalyptus dunnii: (II) sobrevivência e enraizamento de miniestacas em função das coletas e estações do ano
Authors: Brondani Gilvano Ebling , Wendling Ivar , Grossi Fernando , Dutra Leonardo Ferreira , Araujo Marla Alessandra
Published: July 2015

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a técnica de miniestaquia na clonagem de Eucalyptus benthamii × Eucalyptus dunnii ao longo das estações do ano quanto à sobrevivência e enraizamento de miniestacas. As minicepas dos clones H12, H19 e H20 foram manejadas durante 352 dias em minijardim clonal sob sistema semi-hidropônico em leito de areia com solução nutritiva fornecida por gotejamento, efetuando-se 27 coletas sucessivas de brotações durante as quatro estações do ano (primavera, verão, outono e inverno). Mergulhou-se a porção basal da miniestaca durante 10 segundos em solução hidroalcoólica (1:1 v/v) de concentração de 2.000 mg L-1 de AIB. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado contendo cinco repetições e vinte miniestacas por repetição. O enraizamento das miniestacas variou conforme o clone e mostrou-se muito sensível às estações do ano e às oscilações da temperatura. Os melhores índices de enraizamento foram registrados nas estações mais frias onde variou de 19,59% a 56,20% e os menores nas estações mais quentes, com 4,62% a 8,50%. Os clones H19 e H20 apresentaram os maiores índices de enraizamento nas quatro estações do ano.
Resistência de painéis aglomerados produzidos com diferentes proporções de madeira e casca de arroz a fungos e cupins xilófagos
Authors: Melo Rafael Rodolfo de , Santini Elio José , Haselein Clovis Roberto , Garlet Alencar , Paes Juarez Benigno , Stangerlin Diego Martins
Published: July 2015

Foi avaliada a resistência a fungos apodrecedores e a cupins subterrâneos de painéis aglomerados produzidos com diferentes proporções de madeira e casca de arroz. As chapas foram produzidas utilizando a madeira de Eucalyptus grandis com a inclusão de casca de arroz nas proporções de 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100%, utilizando como aglutinante as resinas uréia-formaldeído e tanino-formaldeído. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que, painéis produzidos com casca de arroz geralmente apresentam maior resistência ao ataque de fungos apodrecedores e aos cupins subterrâneos. Painéis colados com tanino-formaldeído foram mais resistentes ao ataque dos térmitas, enquanto que, para os fungos, foi detectada diferença significativa entre o efeito dos adesivos apenas quando submetidas ao ataque de Gloeophyllum trabeum, sendo as chapas produzidas com uréia-formaldeído as mais resistentes. Dentre os fungos, Trametes versicolor proporcionou uma maior perda de massa aos painéis.