bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Insect Meals on the Growth Efficiency, Survival and Total Carotenoid Content of an Ornamental Fish Xiphophorus maculatus (Gunther, 1866)
Authors: Das Mousumi
Published: May 2023

To evaluate the effects of three non-conventional insects (cricket, grasshopper and mealworm) and commercial diet (control) on growth, survival and total carotenoid content of ornamental fish, platy (Xiphophorus maculatus), a feeding trial was conducted in Zoology laboratory, Vidyasagar College, West Bengal, India, between November 2021 and May 2022. A total of 250 platy juveniles (0.04±0.002 gm) were stocked in 12 glass aquariums with 20 fishes for each experimental feed set. Each experimental diet was made per triplicate. The growth efficiency parameters of platy fish in terms of weight gain percentage, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured at the end of the study period. Protein content in percent is significantly higher in mealworm (46±0.58) and then in grasshopper (42.50±0.29). Final weight of fishes was significantly higher in mealworm fed sets (2.134gm±0.008) and lower in commercial meal fed sets (0.827gm±0.003). The lowest FCR was found in commercial diet (0.458±0.002) and best FCR values was found in cricket diet (0.280±0.001). Higher value of SGR was obtained in mealworm fed sets (2.209±0.002) and lower SGR was in commercial diet (1.683±0.002). Mean survival percentage was 90% in mealworm diet and lowest survival value was 55% at commercial diet. Carotenoid content in fish body was significantly higher in mealworm diet (9.23μg/g±0.071), while lowest was observed in commercial diet (0.47μg/g±0.001). Present study shows that insect diets were better than commercial diet, but mealworm diet was better to increase survival and carotenoid content in X. maculatus.
Role of Computed Tomography Imaging in Pediatric Abdominal Masses
Authors: Wadhwani Udita , Savaliya Dhara , Desai Purvi
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Abdominal masses are commonly encountered in the pediatric population, with a broad differential diagnosis that encompasses benign and malignant entities. The main goal of abdominal imaging in the context of a suspected pediatric abdominal mass is to confirm its presence, as nonneoplastic entities can mimic an abdominal mass, and to detect specific imaging findings that narrow the differential diagnosis.  Computed Tomography (CT) is currently the most powerful and versatile imaging procedure for the evaluation of abdominal masses It plays an important role in characterizing the mass and extent of disease and assisting in presurgical planning [1].

Aim: The purpose of this article is to describe the role of CT imaging in evaluation of pediatric abdominal masses.

Materials and Methods: Five case reports of abdominal masses in pediatric age group have been discussed.

All the five patients underwent CT scan on Philips brilliance 256 slice machine.

CT imaging findings with their histopathological diagnosis have been described.

Case Summary:

Case 1 :Wilm’s tumor

Case 2 : Rhabdomyosarcoma

Case 3 : Ewing’s sarcoma of sacrum

Case 4 : Germ cell tumor of ovary

Case 5 : Pelvic myxoid chondrosarcoma

Conclusion: Abdominal masses in the pediatric age group include a spectrum of lesions of diverse origin and significance. CT imaging plays a key role in defining the characteristics and extent of mass lesions found in infants and children. Imaging with histopathological correlation can be very helpful in the management of the patient.
Behind the Uniform: Police Violence and Abuse after #Endsars Protests in Nigeria (2021-2023)
Authors: Chinedu Ukachukwu Chukwuma
Published: May 2023

Violence and abuse by those behind uniforms, especially the Nigeria Police, have continued to occupy a position of prime concern to Nigerians. Despite being a critical instrument relied on by the government in ensuring social control and enhancing governance, the Nigeria Police continues to receive prime attention from the Nigerian citizenry. This became very concentrated after the #EndSARS protests of October, 2020, that sought far-reaching police reforms.  This study primarily explores police violence and abuse in Nigeria after the #EndSARS protests. Informed by the nature of the research problem, this study adopted the library research method and documentary evidence collected was subjected to detailed examination. The Social Conflict Theory and the Routine Activities Theory were adopted for analysis. The study found that police violence and abuse remain rampant in Nigeria because the police continue to work to preserve the status quo of inequality and exploitation in Nigeria. This situation is escalating despite the commitment of Nigeria to various treaties and international protocols which prohibit the application of violence and abuse in police work. The prospect of effective and efficient policing of Nigeria lies in closing the inequality gap in the Nigerian society. This will create the requisite environment that will enable the transformation of the Nigeria Police to an institution that eschews violence and abuse and is able to protect citizens.
Giant Left Atrial Appendage Aneurysm or Pericardial Effusion: A Misleading Appearance on Echocardiography and a High Risk of Rupture
Authors: El-Karimi Saloua , Elmasrioui Joumana , Islah Youssef , Eljamili Mohammed , Elhattaoui Mustapha , Benfaddoul Oualid , Chaja Warda , Jalal Hicham
Published: May 2023

Left atrial appendage (LAA) aneurysm or giant LAA is an uncommon condition. It could be discovered incidentally during echocardiography examination or in symptomatic patients presenting with tachycardia or embolic events. The giant LAA is a serious condition with a high embolic risk that can cause respiratory distress and even cardiac arrest in children. A conservative surgical approach based on resection of the LAA is recommended and is mostly safe. We report the case of a four-year-old girl presenting with a symptomatic giant LAA removed successfully. The echo-cardiographer must be aware of its appearance mimicking a pericardial effusion and focus on its possible association with other congenital lesions. There are several therapeutic strategies, all with proven efficacy and safety.
Impact of Long-term Nutrient Management Practices on Physical Properties of a Vertisol in Central India
Authors: Singh Vivek , Rai Hitendra K. , Jain Priyanka , Dwivedi B. S. , Upadhyay A. K. , Agrawal S. B. , Singh R. B.
Published: May 2023

Health of any soil is influenced by its physical properties to greater extent which has been more prominent in Vertisols due to their self-till behavior. Differential application of nutrients in long-term may alter the soil properties at temporal and spatial scales. Inventory on effect of different long-term nutrient management practices on physical properties across the soil depths, especially on Vertisols of central India, is insufficient. Present study examined the long-term (48 years) effect of different combinations of organic and inorganic nutrient management practices under soybean-wheat cropping system on various physical properties (Bulk density, Particle density, Porosity and Water holding capacity) of a Vertisol in of central India. In the present study, soil sample were collected at four depths (0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm) in triplicate from seven treatments (Control, 100% NP, 100% NPK, 100% NPK+FYM, 100% N, 50% NPK and 150% NPK) of permanent plots of AICRP on LTFE (initiated in 1972), Jabalpur. By differential nutrient management practices the bulk density and porosity affected significantly up to 30 cm soil depth and beyond that up to 60 cm non-significantly. At all selected soil depths, water holding capacity were significantly affected. On contrary, a non-significant effect was observed on particle density by various nutrient managements. This study indicated a positive impact of balance fertilizer application and integrated approach of nutrient management on physical properties of soil.
Investigation of Bioaerosols and the Microbiological Indoor Air Quality in an Urban Nursery School in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Ezinwanne Ughala , Loveth Okoro, Chisom
Published: May 2023

Aims: This study was aimed at investigating the microbial quality of air within the confines of nursery school children. Early exposure to these indoor pollutants can lead to major public health concerns which include acute respiratory tract infections, allergies as well as cancer.

Study Design: Random sampling approach was used in the collection of the samples. Air samples were collected from two different classrooms in a nursery school.

Place and Duration of Study: Air samples were collected within the confines of the nursery section of the Demonstration Primary School in the University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria every other weekday in the month of May 2022.

Methodology: Culture media were placed at the four corners of two classrooms in the nursery section. This nursery class comprised of children between the ages of 4-5 years Nutrient, MacConkey and potato dextrose agar media were used to culture airborne microorganisms during the study. For differential identification of bacteria, citrate, motility, oxidase, indole, catalase, methyl red Voges Proskauer, triple salt iron agar, sugar fermentation tests were carried out.

Results: Both bacterial and fungal species of medical importance, such as Bacillus, Shigella, Micrococcus, Serratia, Proteus, Yersinia, Enterobacter, Penicilium, Aspergillus, Candida, Microsporum. Exophiala and Mucor spp were isolated in this study. The most predominant bacterial species among the isolates in the study was Bacillus sp. with the percentage occurrence of 25%. Shigella and Yersinia species had the percentage occurrence of 16.67% respectively other species like Serratia, Micrococcus, Enterobacter and Proteus each had percentage occurrence of 8.33% which was the lowest occurrence. All the fungal isolates had similar or equal percentage occurrence (16.67%).

Conclusion: Exposure to microbial aerosols in nursery schools can lead to several health complications. Thus, recognition, control and monitoring of air quality in schools are crucial in limiting the spread of airborne pathogens.
Artificial Intelligence, Emerging Threats, and Diagnostic Advances—Highlights From ECCMID, Europe’s Largest Infectious Disease Conference
Authors: Malani Preeti
Published: May 2023

This Medical News article is an interview with ECCMID program director Jacob Moran-Gilad, MD, MPH.
Association Between Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control and Incident Left Ventricular Conduction Disease
Authors: Frimodt-Møller Emilie K. , Vittinghoff Eric , Kaur Gurbani , Biering-Sørensen Tor , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Marcus Gregory M.
Published: May 2023

Importance

Left ventricular conduction disease predicts heart failure and death, and the only strategies to mitigate its effects involve implantation of a permanent pacemaker. There are currently no proven preventive strategies for this common condition.

Objective

To determine the association between targeting intensive blood pressure (BP) control and the risk of developing left ventricular conduction disease.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a post hoc analysis of the 2-arm multicenter Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT), which recruited participants from 102 sites in the US and Puerto Rico and was conducted from November 2010 until August 2015. Adults 50 years and older with hypertension and at least 1 other cardiovascular risk factor were included. Participants with baseline left ventricular conduction disease, ventricular pacing, or ventricular pre-excitation were excluded for the current analysis. Data were analyzed from November 2021 to November 2022.

Intervention

Participants were randomly assigned to a systolic BP target of less than 140 mm Hg (standard treatment group) or less than 120 mm Hg (intensive treatment group).

Main Outcome

The primary outcome was incident left ventricular conduction disease, including any fascicular or left bundle-branch block, assessed by serial electrocardiography. Incident right bundle-branch block was examined as a negative control.

Results

Among 3918 participants randomized to standard treatment and 3956 to intensive treatment (mean [SD] age, 67.6 [9.2] years; 2815 [36%] female) monitored for a median [IQR] 3.5 (0.02-5.2) years, 203 developed left ventricular conduction disease. Older age (hazard ratio per 10-year increase [HR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.21-1.67; P < .001), male sex (HR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.63-3.32; P < .001), and cardiovascular disease (HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.06-2.00; P = .02) were associated with a higher risk of left ventricular conduction disease. Assignment to intensive treatment was associated with a 26% lower risk of left ventricular conduction disease (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.98; P = .04). These results persisted when incident ventricular pacing was included in the outcome and when considering all-cause death as a competing risk. In contrast, no association between randomization assignment and right bundle-branch block was observed (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.71-1.27; P = .75).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, targeting intensive BP control was associated with lower risk of left ventricular conduction disease in a randomized clinical trial, suggesting that clinically relevant conduction disease may be preventable.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01206062
Outbreak of Cosmetology-Acquired Mycobacterium abscessus Skin Infection
Authors: Jiang Yuansu , Lei Xia , Lu Weiping
Published: May 2023

This case report describes numerous warm, red, edematous, tender, fluctuant, and purulent draining nodules on the abdomen following a catgut implant procedure.
Analysis of Time Between Skin Lesion and Lymph Node Biopsies and Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients With Melanoma
Authors: Le Elliot L. H. , Lamping Emma , Helmkamp Laura , Bone Janice , McCarter Martin , Kounalakis Nicole , Stewart Camille
Published: May 2023

This cohort study assesses whether increasing time to surgery is associated with sentinel lymph node status in patients with cutaneous melanoma stage T1b or higher.
Patient Preference in Physician Decision-Making for Patients With Low- to Intermediate-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Schumm Max A. , Shu Michelle L. , Leung Angela M. , Livhits Masha J. , Yeh Michael W. , Sacks Greg D. , Wu James X.
Published: May 2023

This survey study describes the association between patient preference and physician decision-making in thyroid cancer.
Role of CPNE1 in Odontoblastic Differentiation of Rat Stem Cells from Apical Papilla
Authors: Lu Xi , Xie Han , Ju Yanqin , Fu Yunyu , Liu Shangfeng , Zhao Shouliang
Published: May 2023

CPNE1 is a calcium‐dependent, phospholipid‐binding protein that is ubiquitously expressed in various tissues and organs. This study investigates the expression and localization of CPNE1 in tooth germ development and the role of CPNE1 in odontoblastic differentiation. In rat tooth germs, CPNE1 is expressed in the odontoblasts and ameloblasts since the late bell stage. The depletion of CPNE1 in the stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) clearly inhibits the expression of odontoblastic‐related genes and the formation of mineralized nodules during differentiation, while CPNE1 overexpression promotes this process. In addition, CPNE1 overexpression increases AKT phosphorylation during the odontoblastic differentiation of SCAPs. Furthermore, treatment with AKT inhibitor (MK2206) reduces the expression of odontoblastic‐related genes in CPNE1 over‐expressed SCAPs, and Alizarin Red staining shows reduced mineralization. These results suggest that CPNE1 plays a role in the tooth germ development as well as the odontblastic differentiation of SCAPs in vitro that is related to the AKT signaling pathway.
Hierarchically Porous Carbons with Highly Curved Surfaces for Hosting Single Metal FeN4 Sites as Outstanding Oxygen Reduction Catalysts
Authors: Chen Guangbo , Lu Ruihu , Li Chenzhao , Yu Jianmin , Li Xiaodong , Ni Lingmei , Zhang Qi , Zhu Guangqi , Liu Shengwen , Zhang Jiaxu , Kramm Ulrike I. , Zhao Yan , Wu Gang , Xie Jian , Feng Xinliang
Published: May 2023

Iron–nitrogen–carbon (FeNC) materials have emerged as a promising alternative to platinum‐group metals for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells. However, their low intrinsic activity and stability are major impediments. Herein, an FeN–C electrocatalyst with dense FeN4 sites on hierarchically porous carbons with highly curved surfaces (denoted as FeN4‐hcC) is reported. The FeN4‐hcC catalyst displays exceptional ORR activity in acidic media, with a high half‐wave potential of 0.85 V (versus reversible hydrogen electrode) in 0.5 m H2SO4. When integrated into a membrane electrode assembly, the corresponding cathode displays a high maximum peak power density of 0.592 W cm−2 and demonstrates operating durability over 30 000 cycles under harsh H2/air conditions, outperforming previously reported Fe–NC electrocatalysts. These experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the curved carbon support fine‐tunes the local coordination environment, lowers the energies of the Fe d‐band centers, and inhibits the adsorption of oxygenated species, which can enhance the ORR activity and stability. This work provides new insight into the carbon nanostructure–activity correlation for ORR catalysis. It also offers a new approach to designing advanced single‐metal‐site catalysts for energy‐conversion applications.
Rigidity‐Mediated Afterglow Tuning of Small Molecules in Polymer Matrix through Photoinitiated Solvent‐Free Copolymerization
Authors: Lu Yeqing , Chen Xue , Suh Yung Doug , Liu Xiaowang , Huang Wei
Published: May 2023

The ability to tune afterglow attributes of organic materials can largely extend their utility in the field of lifetime‐encoded security applications. Herein, the tuning of afterglow intensity and lifetime of molecule emitters after being doped into copolymer by photoinitiated solvent‐free copolymerization are reported. The molar ratio adjustment of 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate in copolymerization allows systematic tuning of the rigidity of the resultant copolymers by occupying the free volume through methyl groups, enabling controlled stabilization of the in situ generated triplet excitons of the doped molecule emitters via effectively decreasing vibrational energy dissipation. With the use of this strategy, the green afterglow for 2,3‐naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride can be tuned with a lifetime from 170.1 to 1258.6 ms, accompanied by a 76‐fold intensity enhancement. Furthermore, this strategy can be extended to tune multicolor afterglow materials through the choice of molecule dopants. When combined with digital light processing printing, the strategy allows for the facile fabrication of lifetime‐encoded complex 3D objects with high precisions for security applications.
High‐Energy‐Heavy‐Ion Engineering Low‐Tortuosity and High‐Porosity 3D Metallic Electrodes for Long‐Life Lithium Anodes
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxia , Cheng Hongwei , Lyu Shuangbao , Huang Junfeng , Gu Jianan , Guo Yu , Peng Yong , Liu Jie , Wang Canglong , Duan Jinglai , Yang Shubin
Published: May 2023

Lithium metal anodes are the most hopeful candidate for new‐generation energy storage batteries because of their high energy‐density and low electrochemical redox potential. However, the sluggish ion diffusion and nonuniform electric field in lithium anodes hinder their high rate properties and long‐life performance with deep capacities. Here, a highly interconnected 3D metallic Cu&CuAux matrix with both low‐tortuosity (1.3) and ultrahigh porosity (81.5%) is fabricated by using a high energy heavy ion‐tracking method. As a consequence, the 3D metallic Cu&CuAux matrix can highly accelerate the transfer of Li+ and reduce the Li nucleation barrier during the Li deposition process due to its low‐tortuosity and ultrahigh porosity. Furthermore, finite element simulation reveals that the unique 3D Cu&CuAux structure can highly homogenize the electric field and Li‐ion flux as well as decrease the lithium‐ion concentration gradient in Li anodes. As a result, the composite 3D Cu&CuAux‐Li anodes exhibit ultrahigh cycle life more than 2000 h and high rate capabilities. Full cells consisting of the 3D Cu&CuAux‐Li anodes and LiFePO4 cathodes also demonstrate a good capability and stable cycle life up to 200 cycles.
Exceptional Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Cathodes Enabled by Robust Interphase and Modulated Solvation Microstructures Via Anion Synergistic Strategy
Authors: Liu Jiaxin , Dong Tao , Yuan Xuedi , Cui Yingyue , Liu Yawei , Chen Chao , Ma Hongyun , Su Chang , Zhang Haitao , Zhang Suojiang
Published: May 2023

Coupling Li‐rich Mn‐based oxide (LRMO) cathodes with lithium metal anodes is crucial to enabl high‐energy batteries. However, capacity decline of LRMO caused generally by unexpected parasitic reactions needs to be solved. Herein, an anion synergistic strategy is developed to manipulate the solvation structure to boost the electrochemical performance of high‐voltage lithium batteries. Multi‐salt electrolytes containing TFSI−, DFOB−, and DFBOP− anions are formulated via facilitating a distinctive aggregate, Li+‐(DFBOP−)0.10(DFOB−)0.49(TFSI−)0.51EC0.63EMC2.49DEC0.77, which can reduce the penetration of other anions into the first solvation sheath and strengthen the interaction between Li+ ions and solvent molecules simultaneously. The solvation structure is studied by molecular dynamics (MD) and its feature is found to be able to enhance the transport kinetics of Li+ effectively and favor the formation of an inorganic‐rich interphase. Corrosion of the Al collector is retarded effectively by a cathode−electrolyte interphase (CEI) constructed by the decomposition of DFBOP−, thereby enhancing the cyclability. In addition, Li||LRMO cell can retain its 85% initial capacity after 650 cycles at 1 C. This study provides a guideline to formulate high‐voltage electrolytes with excellent kinetics by regulating the microstructures of solvation and interphases via anion formulation engineering.
Density, not tillage, increases soybean protein concentration in some southeastern US environments
Authors: Epie Kenedy Etone , Bauer Philip J. , Stone Kenneth C. , Locke Anna M.
Published: May 2023

Management decisions like planting density and tillage could influence soybean seed composition through their impacts on competition and soil properties. To determine if either of these management decisions could help improve soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed quality in the southeastern United States, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of planting density and tillage on seed composition. Five soybean genotypes were examined in multiple environments across three plant densities from 204,000 to 476,000 plants ha−1, and in conventional tillage compared to no‐till. In two of the three environments, seed protein concentration was higher at higher plant densities. Tillage did not affect seed protein concentration, but conventional tillage improved yield when compared with no‐till in two of four environments, resulting in higher protein yield under conventional tillage in these environments. Plant density may be an important management decision to consider for improving soybean seed protein in specific environments in the southeastern United States, and further research could help determine the specific environmental attributes that lead to a density benefit for seed protein.
Summer crop rotational effects on carinata nitrogen management in the southeastern USA
Authors: Bashyal Mahesh , Mulvaney Michael J. , Devkota Pratap , Wilson Chris , Iboyi Joseph E. , Leon Ramon G. , Landry Gabriel M. , Boote Kenneth J.
Published: May 2023

Growers in the United States (US) southeast are often recommended to reduce nitrogen (N) fertilization after peanut (Arachis hypogaeaL.) by cooperative Extension services. However, these guidelines are not supported by the scientific literature. An experiment was conducted to quantify N contributions from peanut residues to a subsequent carinata (Brassica carinata) crop. A 3 (history: cotton [Gossypium hirsutumL.], peanut, fallow) × 5 (N rates: 0, 34, 67, 101,134 kg N ha−1) factorial randomized complete block split‐plot design was conducted over four site‐years during the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 seasons at Jay, FL, USA. Peanut and cotton were planted under strip tillage, whereas carinata was drilled into peanut and cotton residues and weed‐free fallow plots. Although peanut residues accumulated 54–78 kg N ha−1, inorganic N content behind former peanut plots at the 0–15 cm depths, ranged from 6 to 8 and 8 to 11 kg N ha−1in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 season, respectively. Cropping history differences for carinata normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were pronounced at lower N rates in one out of four site‐years during which NDVI behind former cotton plots was lower than former peanut and fallow plots. Carinata seed yield behind former peanut plots was similar to unfertilized fallow based on four site‐years of data. Nonlinear regression models predicted that N rates required to optimize carinata seed yield following peanut would exceed 134 kg N ha−1thereby indicating negligible peanut N credits. These results support a growing body of literature that suggests minimal N credits after peanut under humid southeastern US conditions.
What is the best reconstruction procedure after esophagectomy? A meta‐analysis comparing posterior mediastinal and retrosternal approaches
Authors: Booka Eisuke , Takeuchi Hiroya , Morita Yoshifumi , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Kikuchi Hirotoshi
Published: May 2023

Thoracic esophagectomy is a particularly invasive and complicated surgical procedure, with a reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the stomach, jejunum, or colon. The posterior mediastinal, retrosternal, and subcutaneous routes are the three possible esophageal reconstruction routes. Each route has advantages and disadvantages, and the optimal reconstruction route after esophagectomy remains controversial. Additionally, the best anastomotic techniques after esophagectomy in terms of location (Ivor Lewis or McKeown) and suturing (manual or mechanical) are debatable. Our meta‐analysis investigating postoperative complications after esophagectomy between the posterior mediastinal and retrosternal routes revealed that the posterior mediastinal route was associated with a significantly lower anastomotic leakage rate than the retrosternal route (odds ratio = 0.78, 95% confidence interval: 0.70–0.87, p < 0.0001). Conversely, pulmonary complications (odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval: 0.58–1.11, p = 0.19) and mortality between the posterior mediastinal and retrosternal routes (odds ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.56–1.12, p = 0.19) were not significantly different. However, the incidence of pneumonia may be lower when using the retrosternal route rather than the posterior mediastinal route for performing minimally invasive esophagectomy. The McKeown procedure is oncologically necessary for tumors located above the carina to dissect upper mediastinal and cervical lymph nodes; however, the Ivor Lewis procedure offers perioperative and oncological safety for tumors located under the carina. An individualized treatment strategy for selecting the optimal reconstruction procedure can be proposed in future studies based on oncological and patient risk factors considering mid‐ to long‐term quality of life.
Identifying abolitionist alignments in community psychology: A path toward transformation
Authors: DaViera Andrea L. , Bailey Caroline , Lakind Davielle , Kivell Natalie , Areguy Fitsum , Byrd Kymberly
Published: May 2023

Psychology is grounded in the ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence, that is, “do no harm.” Yet many have argued that psychology as a field is attached to carceral systems and ideologies that uphold the prison industrial complex (PIC), including the field of community psychology (CP). There have been recent calls in other areas of psychology to transform the discipline into an abolitionist social science, but this discourse is nascent in CP. This paper uses the semantic device of “algorithms” (e.g., conventions to guide thinking and decision‐making) to identify the areas of alignment and misalignment between abolition and CP in the service of moving us toward greater alignment. The authors propose that many in CP are already oriented to abolition because of our values and theories of empowerment, promotion, and systems change; our areas of misalignment between abolition and CP hold the potential to evolve. We conclude with proposing implications for the field of CP, including commitments to the belief that (1) the PIC cannot be reformed, and (2) abolition must be aligned with other transnational liberation efforts (e.g., decolonization).
Health conditions among male workers in mining and other industries reliant on manual labor occupations: National Health Interview Survey, 2007–2018
Authors: Robinson Tashina , Sussell Aaron , Scott Kenneth , Poplin Gerald
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Mining is an industry with diverse, demanding occupational exposures. Understanding the prevalence of chronic health conditions in working miners is an area of active research. Of particular interest is how the health of miners compares to that of workers in other industry sectors with a high proportion of manual labor occupations. By comparing similar industries, we can learn what health conditions may be associated with manual labor and with individual industries. This study analyzes the prevalence of health conditions in miners compared to workers employed in other manual‐labor‐reliant industries.

Methods

National Health Interview Survey public data were analyzed for the years 2007–2018. Mining and five other industry groups with a high proportion of manual labor occupations were identified. Female workers were excluded because of small sample sizes. The prevalence of chronic health outcomes was calculated for each industry group and compared to that of nonmanual labor industries.

Results

Currently‐working male miners showed increased prevalence of hypertension (in those age <55 years), hearing loss, lower back pain, leg pain progressing from lower back pain, and joint pain, compared to nonmanual labor industries workers. Construction workers also demonstrated a high prevalence of pain.

Conclusion

Miners demonstrated increased prevalence of several health conditions, even when compared to other manual labor industries. Given previous research on chronic pain and opioid misuse, the high pain prevalence found among miners suggests mining employers should reduce work factors that cause injury while also providing an environment where workers can address pain management and substance use.
Cytosolic calcium: Judge, jury and executioner of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease and beyond
Authors: Webber Elise K. , Fivaz Marc , Stutzmann Grace E. , Griffioen Gerard
Published: May 2023

This review discusses the driving principles that may underlie neurodegeneration in dementia, represented most dominantly by Alzheimer's disease (AD). While a myriad of different disease risk factors contribute to AD, these ultimately converge to a common disease outcome. Based on decades of research, a picture emerges where upstream risk factors combine in a feedforward pathophysiological cycle, culminating in a rise of cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c) that triggers neurodegeneration. In this framework, positive AD risk factors entail conditions, characteristics, or lifestyles that initiate or accelerate self‐reinforcing cycles of pathophysiology, whereas negative risk factors or therapeutic interventions, particularly those mitigating elevated [Ca2+]c, oppose these effects and therefore have neuroprotective potential.
Piezochromism in Dynamic Three‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Fang Jing , Fu Zhiyuan , Chen Xiaohong , Liu Yaozu , Chen Fengqian , Wang Yujie , Li Hui , Yusran Yusran , Wang Kai , Valtchev Valentin , Qiu Shilun , Zou Bo , Fang Qianrong
Published: May 2023

Piezochromic materials with pressure‐dependent photoluminescence tuning properties are important in many fields, such as mechanical sensors, security papers, and storage devices. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as an emerging class of crystalline porous materials (CPMs) with structural dynamics and tunable photophysical properties, are suitable for designing piezochromic materials, but there are few related studies. Herein, we report two dynamic three‐dimensional COFs based on aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) or aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) chromophores, termed JUC‐635 and JUC‐636 (JUC=Jilin University China), and for the first time, study their piezochromic behavior by diamond anvil cell technique. Due to the various luminescent groups, JUC‐635 has completely different solvatochromism and molecular aggregation behavior in the solvents. More importantly, JUC‐635 with AIE effect exhibits a sustained fluorescence upon pressure increase (≈3 GPa), and reversible sensitivity with high‐contrast emission differences (Δλem=187 nm) up to 12 GPa, superior to other CPMs reported so far. Therefore, this study will open a new gate to expand the potential applications of COFs as exceptional piezochromic materials in pressure sensing, barcoding, and signal switching.
Diastereoselective Biomimetic Synthesis of Dimeric Tetrahydrocarbazoles via a Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization‐[3+2] Cyclodimerization Cascade
Authors: Roy Debayan , Baire Beeraiah
Published: May 2023

The cyclodimerization (homochiral‐ and heterochiral−) of monomeric units for the construction of stereodefined polycyclic systems is a powerful strategy in both biosynthesis and biomimetic synthesis. Herein we have discovered and developed a CuII‐ catalyzed, biomimetic, diastereoselective tandem cycloisomerization‐[3+2] cyclodimerization of 1‐(indol‐2‐yl)pent‐4‐yn‐3‐ol. This novel strategy operates under very mild conditions, providing access to structurally unprecedented dimeric tetrahydrocarbazoles fused to a tetrahydrofuran unit in excellent yields of the products. Several fruitful control experiments, isolation of the monomeric‐cycloisomerized products and their subsequent conversion into the corresponding cyclodimeric products supported their intermediacy and the possible mechanism as a cycloisomerization‐diastereoselective [3+2] cyclodimerization cascade. The cyclodimerization involves a substituent controlled, highly diastereoselective homochiral [3+2] annulation or heterochiral [3+2] annulation of in situ generated 3‐hydroxytetrahydrocarbazoles. The key and important features of this strategy are: a) construction of three new C−C bonds & one new C−O bond; b) creation of two new stereocenters, and c) construction of three new rings, in a single operation; d) low catalyst loading (1–5 mol %); e) 100 % atom economy; and f) rapid construction of structurally unprecedented natural product like polycyclic frameworks. A chiral pool version using an enantio‐ and diastereopure substrate was also demonstrated.
Alkali Metal Dihydropyridines in Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysis of Imines: Amide Basicity versus Hydride Surrogacy
Authors: Macdonald Peter A. , Banerjee Sumanta , Kennedy Alan R. , van Teijlingen Alexander , Robertson Stuart D. , Tuttle Tell , Mulvey Robert E.
Published: May 2023

Catalytic reduction of a representative set of imines, both aldimines and ketimines, to amines has been studied using transfer hydrogenation from 1,4‐dicyclohexadiene. Unusually, this has been achieved using s‐block pre‐catalysts, namely 1‐metallo‐2‐tert‐butyl‐1,2‐dihydropyridines, 2‐tBuC5H5NM, M(tBuDHP), where M=Li–Cs. Reactions have been monitored in C6D6 and tetrahydrofuran‐d8 (THF‐d8). A definite trend is observed in catalyst efficiency with the heavier alkali metal tBuDHPs outperforming the lighter congeners. In general, Cs(tBuDHP) is the optimal pre‐catalyst with, in the best cases, reactions producing quantitative yields of amines in minutes at room temperature using 5 mol % catalyst. Supporting the experimental study, Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations have also been carried out which reveal that Cs has a pathway with a significantly lower rate determining step than the Li congener. In the postulated initiation pathways DHP can act as either a base or as a surrogate hydride.
Assessment of the effect on the plasticizer diffusion of inorganic fillers in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) composite films for cable sheath applications
Authors: Tüzüm Demir A. P. , Ergün Y.
Published: May 2023

In cable sheath applications, plasticizer migration is important as it causes reduction in mechanical properties, deterioration, and pollution in transported environments. This study focuses on the effect of inorganic fillers on the diffusion of plasticizers from plasticized‐PVC cable films. Plastisols were prepared by mixing plasticizer, thermal stabilizers, and inorganic fillers (boric acid, boron clay, sintered calcined boron waste clay, talc, and zircon oxide) into the PVC resin. Plastigel films were cured and thermally aged at 100, 130, and 160°C. Oxidation index were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The diffusion coefficient and activation energies were calculated from mass loss. Thermogravimetric analysis analyses were performed to obtain weight loss. Fillers were characterized for their zeta potential, particle size distribution, polydispersion. Morphology of the fillers was also conducted using scanning electron microscopy. Their mechanical and rheological analyses were evaluated with the tensile and melt flow index test. The order of diffusivity was determined as the films having boric acid > undoped > talc = sintered boron clay > zircon > boron clay. The result of this evaluations is the addition of inorganic filler increases the mechanical and thermal applicability and reduces the plasticizer diffusion. It is thought that the results, will contribute to the studies on the plasticizer transition in cable applications.
Distributed cooperative control of multi‐converter systems via networks
Authors: Dai Xiaoran , Liu Guo‐Ping , Deng Qijun , Hu Wenshan , Sun Pan
Published: May 2023

Modular converters are employed for ultra‐large ship degaussing systems to improve the magnetic stealth capability. However, the degaussing performance could be compromised by the inconsistent current in various modules. Therefore, current synchronization is a crucial issue in the control of distributed multi‐converter systems (DMCSs). To meet the high requirement of such an industrial scenario, a distributed cooperative control scheme is conceived for DMCSs in this paper. The consensus and stability of the DMCS are analyzed, in contrast to existing works that only take consensus into account, and the necessary and sufficient conditions are derived with the constructed closed‐loop control system. Then, the tailor‐made controller design guideline is presented. Different cases of a cyber‐physical DMCS in the MATLAB/SimPowerSystems environment are examined to confirm the viability. Furthermore, experiments with a multi‐converter prototype system are carried out to confirm the efficiency of the proposed control method. Results from simulations and experiments are in line with the theoretical analysis, validating the efficacy.
Domain‐general and domain‐specific functional networks of Broca's area underlying language processing
Authors: Bulut Talat
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Despite abundant research on the role of Broca's area in language processing, there is still no consensus on language specificity of this region and its connectivity network.

Methods

The present study employed the meta‐analytic connectivity modeling procedure to identify and compare domain‐specific (language‐specific) and domain‐general (shared between language and other domains) functional connectivity patterns of three subdivisions within the broadly defined Broca's area: pars opercularis (IFGop), pars triangularis (IFGtri), and pars orbitalis (IFGorb) of the left inferior frontal gyrus.

Results

The findings revealed a left‐lateralized frontotemporal network for all regions of interest underlying domain‐specific linguistic functions. The domain‐general network, however, spanned frontoparietal regions that overlap with the multiple‐demand network and subcortical regions spanning the thalamus and the basal ganglia.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that language specificity of Broca's area emerges within a left‐lateralized frontotemporal network, and that domain‐general resources are garnered from frontoparietal and subcortical networks when required by task demands.
Exploring the anti‐cancer potential of dietary phytochemicals for the patients with breast cancer: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sohel Md , Aktar Suraiya , Biswas Partha , Amin Md. Al , Hossain Md. Arju , Ahmed Nasim , Mim Md. Imrul Hasan , Islam Farhadul , Mamun Abdullah Al
Published: May 2023

Background

The most common and deadly cancer in female is breast cancer (BC) and new incidence and deaths related to this cancer are rising.

Aims

Several issues, that is, high cost, toxicity, allergic reactions, less efficacy, multidrug resistance, and the economic cost of conventional anti‐cancer therapies, has prompted scientists to discover innovative approaches and new chemo‐preventive agents.

Materials

Numerous studies are being conducted on plant‐based and dietary phytochemicals to discover new‐fangled and more advanced therapeutic approaches for BC management.

Result

We have identified that natural compounds modulated many molecular mechanisms and cellular phenomena, including apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis, up‐regulation of tumor‐suppressive genes, and down‐regulation of oncogenes, modulation of hypoxia, mammosphere formation, onco‐inflammation, enzymatic regulation, and epigenetic modifications in BC. We found that a number of signaling networks and their components such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MMP‐2 and 9, Wnt/‐catenin, PARP, MAPK, NF‐κB, Caspase‐3/8/9, Bax, Bcl2, Smad4, Notch1, STAT3, Nrf2, and ROS signaling can be regulated in cancer cells by phytochemicals. They induce up‐regulation of tumor inhibitor microRNAs, which have been highlighted as a key player for ani‐BC treatments followed by phytochemical supplementation.

Conclusion

Therefore, this collection offers a sound foundation for further investigation into phytochemicals as a potential route for the development of anti‐cancer drugs in treating patients with BC.
The expanding role of IAP antagonists for the treatment of head and neck cancer
Authors: Kansal Vikash , Kinney Brendan L. C. , Uppada Srijayaprakash , Saba Nabil F. , Stokes William A. , Buchwald Zachary S. , Schmitt Nicole C.
Published: May 2023

Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) inhibit the intrinsic and extrinsic cell death pathways, promoting cell survival. Antagonists of these pathways are under study as anti‐cancer therapeutics. A high proportion of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) have genomic alterations in IAP pathways, resulting in the dysregulation of cell death pathways and rendering them susceptible to IAP antagonist therapy. Preclinical studies suggest IAP antagonists, also known as second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspases mimetics, may be effective treatments for HNSCC, especially when combined with radiation. Mechanistic studies have shown both molecular mechanisms (i.e., enhanced cell death) and immune mechanisms (e.g., immunogenic cell death and T‐cell activation), underlying the efficacy of these drugs in preclinical models. Phase I/II clinical trials have shown promising results, portending a future where this class of targeted therapies becomes incorporated into the treatment paradigm for head and neck cancers.

IAP antagonists have shown great promise for head and neck cancer, especially in combination with radiation therapy. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical studies on the use of these novel targeted agents for head and neck cancer.
Predicting immune‐related adverse events using a simplified frailty score in cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Olsson Ladjevardi Cecilia , Koliadi Anthoula , Rydén Viktoria , Inan El‐Naggar Ali , Digkas Evangelos , Valachis Antonios , Ullenhag Gustav J.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are in widespread clinical use. Little is known about which patients are at risk for developing toxicity. It is essential being able to identify patients with higher risk of experiencing immune‐related adverse events (IRAEs) before initiation of CPI treatment to optimize treatment decisions and follow‐up strategy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a simplified frailty score based on performance status (PS), age, and comorbidity expressed as Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) could predict development of IRAEs.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study at three Swedish centers. All patients (n = 596) treated with PD‐L1 or PD‐1 inhibitor for advanced cancer between January 2017 and December 2021 were included.

Results

In total, 361 patients (60.6%) were classified as nonfrail and 235 (39.4%) as frail. The most common cancer type was non‐small cell lung cancer (n = 203; 34.1%) followed by malignant melanoma (n = 195; 32.7%). Any grade of IRAE occurred in 138 (58.7%) frail and in 155 (42.9%) non‐frail patients (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.09–2.28). Age, CCI, and PS did not independently predict the occurrence of IRAEs. Multiple IRAEs occurred in 53 (22.6%) frail and in 45 (12.5%) nonfrail patients (OR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.00–2.64).

Discussion

In conclusion, the simplified frailty score predicted all grade IRAEs and multiple IRAEs in multivariate analyses whereas age, CCI, or PS did not separately predict development of IRAEs suggesting that this easy‐to‐use score may be of value in clinical decision making but a large prospective study is needed to assess its true value.
The use of augmentative alternative communication in psychotherapy
Authors: Curtis Drew A. , Mohesky Ashley , Good Cody
Published: May 2023

The use of augmentative alternative communication (AAC) in psychotherapy is particularly important for psychotherapists who may have a disability related to speech‐language production. The aim of our study was to examine the perceptions of using AAC in psychotherapy. We recruited 186 participants and randomly assigned them to either watch a video of a therapist using AAC or employing traditional talk psychotherapy. Subsequently, we asked participants to complete the Counsellor Rating Form‐Short (CRF‐S), respond to a question about behavioural intention to seek psychotherapy and complete the Working Alliance Inventory‐Observer form (WAI‐O). Most participants perceived the use of AAC to be related to the therapist having a disability. The use of AAC had higher ratings on the CRF‐S and higher scores on the WAI‐O. There were no significant differences in behavioural intention between the therapist using AAC or traditional talk psychotherapy. The use of AAC is a viable option for psychotherapy and is beneficial. Psychotherapists with a disability affecting speech‐language production may opt to use AAC as others perceive the therapist positively, the alliance is rated higher and therapists do not need to be concerned with patients not wanting to seek out their services.