bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the development and testing methods of physical education and agility training equipment in universities
Authors: Tan Baohua , Tian Shihao , Wang Enpu , Xiao Lu , Cao Kan , Zheng Beitian , Luo Lina
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Because of the problems of insufficient funds and traditional training methods in college sports agile training, an agile training system based on a wireless ad hoc network was developed to evaluate the effect of improving the sensitive quality of ordinary college students. Based on the ESP-MESH network, the lower computer realizes automatic networking between devices and tests the performance of the mesh network. Fourteen male college students received 9 weeks of agility training, with seven students in each of two groups: traditional agility training and agile equipment training. The researchers evaluated the performance of both groups in rapid disguise, body coordination, changing movements, and predictive decision-making.

Results

There was no significant difference between the groups before training, but there were significant differences in the four abilities after training (p < 0.01). The experimental group had significant differences in rapid direction change and physical coordination (p < 0.05), and in changing movement and predictive decision-making ability (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Both traditional training and agile equipment training improve the agility quality of college students, and the latter shows better results in certain abilities. However, limited by other physical qualities, the improvement of motor changes and predictive decision-making ability is not as obvious as the other two abilities.
Activity-based costing technology adoption in Australian universities
Authors: Abeysekera Indra , Sharma Rajeev
Published: June 2023

Strategic cost management is vital to the Australian university sector’s performance, and activity-based costing (ABC) is a widely accepted and used accounting technology assisting with this. We examine the status of ABC technology adoption in two categories—adopters and non-adopters of the technology—informed by Technology Diffusion Framework, Social Cognitive Theory and Dynamic Theory of Strategy. The study collected data by sending a pilot-tested survey questionnaire to senior executives for electronic completion. From the 39 universities that elected to participate, 24 usable responses were received, representing a 61% response rate. The data were analyzed using cognitive characteristics supported by Social Cognitive Theory, and organizational characteristics supported by the Dynamic Theory of Strategy of universities ABC technology adopter and non-adopter status. Cognitive characteristics provide a qualitative explanation, but selected determinants show no statistical significance. Organizational characteristics also provide a qualitative explanation and show organizational revenue is the most significant determinant; followed by universities located outside the cities, and in the southern part of Australia, have more propensity for ABC technology adoption.
Case managers’ reflections of a brief case management intervention in Canada
Authors: Duncan Andrea , Kirst Maritt , Dainty Katie N. , Wodchis Walter P. , Stergiopoulos Vicky
Published: June 2023

Introduction

As demand for intensive case management services continues to outpace supply, community mental health agencies in Toronto, Ontario, introduced Short-Term Case Management (STCM).

Objective

This study sought to explore case managers’ perspectives and experiences with this new service delivery model.

Methods

Focus groups were conducted with twenty-one case managers, and transcripts analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Emerging themes suggest that despite embracing a recovery approach, case managers expressed mixed views on the acceptability and appropriateness of this service delivery model as an intervention.

Conclusion

The ideal population for this intervention are adults with mental health issues in need of system navigation, and those motivated to address their goals. Further research is needed to establish fidelity criteria.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 and mental health status among college students in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Yi-Hua , Wen Tao , Cui Yin-Shi , Huang Zhe-Hu , Liu Yan-Qun
Published: June 2023

Background

During the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), little was known about the knowledge, attitudes, practices (KAP) about COVID-19 and psychological status of college students in minority areas. This study aimed to evaluate the KAP of college students in minority areas of China toward COVID-19 and to provide a scientific basis for health education and policy formulation.

Methods

From October 28th to November 6th, 2021, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 5,272 college students to examine KAP and its effects on mental health.

Results

Regarding COVID-19 knowledge, the overall awareness rate was 24.11% (1,271). Regarding health attitudes, most students had positive attitudes about COVID-19 prevention and control (94.95%), and females had higher positive attitudes than males (OR: 1.920; CI: 1.494–2.469). Regarding preventive behaviors, more than half of the students took preventive measures (53.48%), and freshmen had the highest health behavior scores. In terms of psychological status, there were fewer females with depression and stress than males.

Conclusion

College students in minority areas have positive health attitudes; however, their knowledge of COVID-19 prevention and control is low. Moreover, their precautionary behaviors are insufficient, and they have many negative emotions.
Home environment factors associated with early childhood development in rural areas of Bangladesh: evidence from a national survey
Authors: Rahman Farzana , Tuli Samiha Nahar , Mondal Prasenjit , Sultana Shakina , Hossain Asmita , Kundu Satyajit , Clara Afrin Ahmed , Hossain Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Background

Knowing the relationship between the factors related to home environment and early childhood development (ECD) in Bangladeshi children aged 3 to 4  years would help to find out appropriate interventions for the children with lower ECD outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to understand the relationship between the home environment factors and ECD in rural Bangladeshi children aged 3 to 4  years.

Methods

We used data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019, and included 7,326 rural children aged 3 to 4  years. The ECD index (ECDI) included four domains: literacy-numeracy, learning, physical and socio-emotional development. If a child met at least three of these four domains, the child was indicated as developmentally “on track”.

Results

The findings show that 27.4% of rural children missed to reach developmentally on-track while 72.2% of children did not attain the literacy-numeracy domain of ECD. The home environment factors including parental participation in children’s activities, was found to be associated with ECD. For instance, reading books to child had 26% (aOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.08–1.48), and telling stories to child had 29% (aOR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.09–1.53) more developmentally on-track in overall ECDI. Similar associations between home environment factors and specific ECD domains were also obtained. We also identified that children aged 4  years, girls, and children of mothers with higher socio-economic status (SES) were higher developmentally on-track than their counterparts.

Conclusion

Home environment factors like reading books and telling stories to children were found to be significantly associated with ECD in rural areas of Bangladesh. Our study’s findings would assist in implementing the essential public health intervention to enhance the ECD program especially in the rural Bangladeshi context.
Airborne gamma-ray mapping using fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) uncrewed aerial vehicles
Authors: Woodbridge Ewan , Connor Dean T. , Verbelen Yannick , Hine Duncan , Richardson Tom , Scott Thomas B.
Published: June 2023

Low-cost uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) are replacing manned aircraft for airborne radiation mapping applications such as nuclear accident response scenarios or surveying ore deposits and mine sites because of their cost-effectiveness and ability to conduct surveys at lower altitude compared to manned counterparts. Both multi-rotor UAVs and fixed-wing UAVs are well established technologies for aerial radiation mapping applications, however, both also have drawbacks: multi-rotor UAVs are very limited in flight time and range, and fixed-wing UAVs usually require facilities for take-off and landing. A compromise solution is introduced in this work, using a fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAV that combines the flexibility of a multi-rotor UAV with the range and flight time of a fixed-wing UAV. The first implementation of a VTOL with radiation mapping capabilities is presented, based on a commercial WingtraOne UAV augmented with CsI scintillator and CZT semiconductor gamma spectrometers. The radiation mapping capabilities of the prototype are demonstrated in a case study, mapping the distribution of radionuclides around the South Terras legacy uranium mine in the south of England, United Kingdom, and the results are compared with previous studies using multi-rotor and manned aircraft to survey the same area.
Sustainability of poultry egg output and efficiency: a risk-mitigating perspective
Authors: Ayojimi Wale , Bamiro Olasunkanmi M. , Otunaiya Abiodun O. , Shoyombo Ayoola J. , Matiluko Opeyemi E.
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Agricultural insurance is crucial to reducing financial exposures and vulnerabilities, and managing the production risks of poultry farmers while also reducing hunger levels. Unfortunately, it has not been effective in developing countries, like Nigeria.

Methods

This study examined the outcome of agricultural insurance use on poultry egg output and efficiency in Oyo State, Nigeria. The multistage sampling technique was adopted to select 120 and 152 insured and uninsured poultry egg farmers, respectively. The data gathered, using a well-designed questionnaire, was analyzed by descriptive statistics, a logistic regression model, and a Stochastic Production Frontier.

Results and Discussion

Results showed that the majority (about 74% and 77%) of uninsured and insured poultry egg farmers, respectively, were small-scale farmers who operated on low capital investment, making it difficult to take insurance policy. Educational level, farming size, access to credit facilities, previous mortality rate, sales challenges, and net farm income were significant variables affecting the level of use of insurance. The result of the stochastic production frontier showed that the use of insurance is not statistically significant to the poultry egg farmers’ production inefficiency. This study highlights the importance of formulating policies that promote private sector involvement, ensure prompt indemnity payment, and encourage uninsured farmers to adopt insurance policies, ultimately aiding affected farmers, improving production scale, and mitigating farm risks.
Maxillary neoplasms in four dromedary camels
Authors: Ibrahim Abdelazim , Zabady Mohamed , El Nahas Ayman , Aljazzar Ahmed , Al-Hizab Fahad , Kandeel Mahmoud , Porter Brian F.
Published: June 2023

Four camels (Camelus dromedarius) presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at King Faisal University with maxillary masses. On radiographs, the masses were multicystic and expanded the maxillary bone. The tumors were diagnosed by histopathologic examination as conventional ameloblastoma, two cases as intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma, and central odontogenic fibroma with ossification. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of ameloblastoma in a camel, the first detailed description of maxillary squamous cell carcinoma in camels, and the first report of central odontogenic fibroma in any animal species.
Yak milk and its health benefits: a comprehensive review
Authors: Kalwar Qudratullah , Ma Xiaoming , Xi Bin , Korejo Rashid Ali , Bhuptani Deepesh Kumar , Chu Min , Yan Ping
Published: June 2023

Yak milk has various potential health benefits due to its high nutritional content and unique composition. It is an excellent source of protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, which can promote overall health and wellbeing. Yak milk may have potential therapeutic benefits for hypertension, as it contains peptides that have been shown to have antihypertensive effects. Yak milk has also been shown to possess antioxidant properties, which can help protect against oxidative stress and related health problems. Moreover, its fat contains higher levels of beneficial fatty acids, such as conjugated linoleic acid and omega-3 fatty acids, which have been linked to various health benefits, including reducing inflammation, improving heart health, and supporting brain function. Moreover, further research is needed to fully understand the potential health benefits of yak milk, its unique composition and high nutritional content suggest that it may offer numerous health benefits and could be a valuable addition to a healthy diet.
Long-Term Kidney and Maternal Outcomes After Pregnancy in Living Kidney Donors
Authors: van Buren Marleen C. , Meinderts Jildau R. , Oudmaijer Christiaan A. J. , de Jong Margriet F. C. , Groen Henk , Royaards Tessa , Maasdam Louise , Tielen Mirjam , Reinders Marlies E. J. , Lely A. Titia , van de Wetering Jacqueline
Published: June 2023

For counseling it is important to know if pregnancy after Living Kidney Donation (LKD) affects long-term outcomes of the mono-kidney and the mother. Therefore, we performed a retrospective multicenter study in women ≤45 years who donated their kidney between 1981 and 2017. Data was collected via questionnaires and medical records. eGFR of women with post-LKD pregnancies were compared to women with pre-LKD pregnancies or nulliparous. eGFR before and after pregnancy were compared in women with post-LKD pregnancies. Pregnancy outcomes post-LKD were compared with pre-LKD pregnancy outcomes. 234 women (499 pregnancies) were included, of which 20 with pre- and post-LKD pregnancies (68) and 26 with only post-LKD pregnancies (59). Multilevel analysis demonstrated that eGFR was not different between women with and without post-LKD pregnancies (p = 0.23). Furthermore, eGFR was not different before and after post-LKD pregnancy (p = 0.13). More hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) occurred in post-LKD pregnancies (p = 0.002). Adverse fetal outcomes did not differ. We conclude that, despite a higher incidence of HDP, eGFR was not affected by post-LKD pregnancy. In line with previous studies, we found an increased risk for HDP after LKD without affecting fetal outcome. Therefore, a pregnancy wish alone should not be a reason to exclude women for LKD.
A Multi-Site Anti-Interference Neural Network for ASD Classification
Authors: Lv Wentao , Li Fan , Luo Shijie , Xiang Jie
Published: June 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that can reduce quality of life and burden families. However, there is a lack of objectivity in clinical diagnosis, so it is very important to develop a method for early and accurate diagnosis. Multi-site data increases sample size and statistical power, which is convenient for training deep learning models. However, heterogeneity between sites will affect ASD recognition. To solve this problem, we propose a multi-site anti-interference neural network for ASD classification. The resting state brain functional image data provided by the multi-site is used to train the ASD classification model. The model consists of three modules. First, the site feature extraction module is used to quantify the inter-site heterogeneity, in which the autoencoder is used to reduce the feature dimension. Secondly, the presentation learning module is used to extract classification features. Finally, the anti-interference classification module uses the output of the first two modules as labels and inputs for multi-task adversarial training to complete the representation learning that is not affected by the confounding of sites, so as to realize the adaptive anti-interference ASD classification. The results show that the average accuracy of ten-fold cross validation is 75.56%, which is better than the existing studies. The innovation of our proposed method lies in the problem that the traditional single-task deep learning ASD classification model will be affected by the heterogeneity of multi-site data and interfere with the classification. Our method eliminates the influence of multi-site factors on feature extraction through multi-task adversarial training, so that the model can better adapt to the heterogeneity of multi-site data. Meanwhile, large-scale 1DconV is introduced to extract features of brain functional network, which provides support for the interpretability of the model. This method is expected to take advantage of multiple sites and provide reference for early diagnosis and treatment of ASD.
Numerical Investigation of Gas Dynamic Foil Bearings Conjugated with Contact Friction by Elastic Multi-Leaf Foils
Authors: Yang Changbao , Wang Zhisheng , Lyu Yuanwei , Zhang Jingyang , Xu Ben
Published: June 2023

With increasing demand for load capacity and dynamic responses, the new generation of Gas Dynamic Foil Bearings (GDFB), assembled from preloaded elastic multi-leaf foils, has been put forward. It exhibits steady and dynamic characteristics that are more sensitive to the contact friction produced by foil–foil bearings and the housings of foil bearings, distinguishing its response to rigidity from those of classic bearings. This study aims to employ numerical simulations to explore GDFBs conjugated with contact friction using elastic multi-leaf foils. A numerical method with Bidirectional Fluid–Structure Interactions (BFSIs), which strengthens the steady and dynamic characteristics of GDFBs, has been developed. The results showed that the distribution of steady stiffness was closely associated with the configuration of the foil assembly and the state of contact friction. The maximum steady stiffness occurred near the key blocks and was accompanied by the support of bump foils. The contact friction increased the stiffness of the foil assembly, which was unfavorable to its operational stability, and the GDFB was prone to rigidity. The contact friction hindered the pull-back of the top foils near the negative pressure area. An increase in the rotational speed and eccentricity increased the load capacity while decreasing the operational stability. The maximum pressure of the gas film was inconsistent with the maximum deformation along the circumferential direction because of the configuration of the foil assembly. The contact friction induced energy dissipation, whereas increases in the integrated stiffness inhibited loss. The fixed constraint of the key block increased the dynamic cross-stiffness more than the contact constraint did, which was unfavorable to operational stability. The results obtained in this study are significant because they provide a physical basis for GDFBs and can be used to guide their operational optimization.
Comparative Vacuum Monitoring Solutions to Advance U.S. Air Force KC-46A Condition-Based Maintenance Plus
Authors: Blond Kyle , O’Brien Thomas , Thompson Nathaniel , Piotrowski David , Clark Anne
Published: June 2023

The KC-46A Pegasus, a Boeing 767 (B767) commercial derivative aircraft (CDA), is a key part of the United States Air Force’s (USAF) efforts to modernize their aging tanker fleet. The Department of Defense (DoD) and the USAF have heavily emphasized the desire and need for Condition-Based Maintenance Plus (CBM+) to improve aircraft maintenance programs such as the KC-46A. This study reviews existing CBM+ practices on B767 and related aircraft fleets at Delta Air Lines to identify initial steps for implementing CBM+ in the KC-46 maintenance program. Specifically, comparative vacuum monitoring (CVM) sensors are proposed for KC-46A structural health monitoring (SHM) as a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-certified CBM+ technology. As demonstrated at Delta Air Lines Technical Operations (Delta TechOps), CVM sensors satisfy the technological, procedural, financial, and regulatory requirements to advance KC-46A SHM and serve as a template for future CBM+ initiatives.
A Smart Airport Mobile Application Concept and Possibilities of Its Use for Predictive Modeling and Analysis
Authors: Baláž Martin , Kováčiková Kristína , Vaculík Juraj , Kováčiková Martina
Published: June 2023

The goal of this paper is to propose a smart airport solution, which is customer-oriented and suitable for an airport at the beginning of the process of digitization. Such a solution is represented by a mobile application, which allows the airport to provide its customers with basic information faster, more efficiently, in a simpler manner, and without the need for face-to-face interaction. The data collected through a smart airport mobile application can be used in conjunction with other technologies or systems for predictive modeling and analysis. The main benefit of the paper is the primary research aimed at the identification of customer requirements for a specific airport from the perspective of services and functions that the mobile application should offer. Subsequently, based on the analysis, a proposal for an airport application for mobile devices is developed through UX and UI design. The design consists of six successive phases and results in the development of an interactive prototype of the required mobile application. In addition, the paper discusses how the data collected through a smart airport mobile application can potentially be used in conjunction with other technologies or systems for predictive modeling and analysis.
Traditional Italian Agri-Food Products: A Unique Tool with Untapped Potential
Authors: Didonna Adriano , Renna Massimiliano , Santamaria Pietro
Published: June 2023

In the agri-food market, there is an increasing interest in local and traditional food products. In a context characterised by private labels and European Geographical Indications (GIs), the Italian Traditional Agri-food Product (TAP) denomination seems to be a particularly interesting tool for the promotion of agri-food products. This work analysed the effectiveness of this denomination in promoting local and traditional Italian products with a particular focus on vegetable products and landraces, which is the most represented category in the TAP list. The analysis included literature and bureaucratic reviews, a questionnaire administered to consumers and a comparison of the TAP denomination with European GI schemes in order to identify the opportunities, strengths and weaknesses of the TAP denomination. True to the SWOT analysis, the TAP denomination appears not to very incisive in terms of commercial protection and promotion, although it can represent a useful first step for the designation of traditional Italian products to the European GI schemes (56.94% conversion rate) and the unique recognition of Italian cultural heritage. In conclusion, the suggestion is to improve the TAP denomination by developing activities to increase consumer awareness, by allocating more financial resources for TAP productions (local products) and by proposing better integration with regional and private labels to protect the unique characteristics of Italian traditional agri-food products.
Enhancing Soil Organic Matter Transformation through Sustainable Farming Practices: Evaluating Labile Soil Organic Matter Fraction Dynamics and Identifying Potential Early Indicators
Authors: Murindangabo Yves Theoneste , Kopecký Marek , Perná Kristýna , Nguyen Thi Giang , Ghorbani Mohammad , Konvalina Petr , Bohatá Andrea , Kavková Miloslava , Hoang Trong Nghia , Kabelka David , Klenotová Eva
Published: June 2023

The growing global population and increasing demand for agricultural products have exerted significant pressure on agricultural systems. As a result, soil organic matter depletion and degradation have become prevalent issues, including in regions such as South Bohemia, Czech Republic, where conventional farming practices are predominant. Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a critical role in soil health, crop productivity, and the sustainability of agricultural systems, with changes occurring in both the total and labile fractions of the organic matter pools. However, changes in the total soil organic matter carbon pool (TOC) resulting from agricultural practices occur gradually and may become evident only after several years, posing challenges for timely management adjustments. Therefore, the identification of early indicators of SOM dynamics is crucial for implementing prompt corrective actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sustainable management practices, such as cultivated crops (Pisum sativum and Lupinus albus), selected entomopathogenic and myco parasitic fungi (MEHA) (Trichoderma virens and Metarhizium brunneum), and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the labile fraction of the SOM pool (CLSOM) and identify potential early indicators. Our findings demonstrated that the type of crop and applied microorganisms (treatments) significantly affected the CLSOM in peas, and the crop growth stages affected the TOC in both pea and lupin. Growth stages also showed an impact on the CLSOM in lupin. Moreover, in both crops, the change in CLSOM correlated with changes in the SOM oxidation rate constant (k), carbon lability index (LI), carbon management index (CMI), and carbon enrichment ratio (ER). Conversely, changes in the TOC did not exhibit significant correlations, except for LI and CMI, which showed a positive correlation with the TOC in peas (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the separate application of MEHA and LAB on seeds or leaves resulted in increased SOM carbon pools compared with the combined application. The application of these beneficial microorganisms in pea and lupin crops showed potential in maintaining or increasing CLSOM, which can be assessed early through indicators such as k, LI, CMI, and ER. Contributing to the development of sustainable soil management strategies, future research should further investigate different crops and microorganisms—and the mechanisms underlying their observed relationships—and explore additional early indicators to refine and optimize sustainable agricultural practices.
Determining Factors Affecting the Soil Water Content and Yield of Selected Crops in a Field Experiment with a Rainout Shelter and a Control Plot in the Czech Republic
Authors: Thaler Sabina , Pohankova Eva , Eitzinger Josef , Hlavinka Petr , Orság Matěj , Lukas Vojtěch , Brtnický Martin , Růžek Pavel , Šimečková Jana , Ghisi Tomáš , Bohuslav Jakub , Klem Karel , Trnka Mirek
Published: June 2023

To investigate the different responses of crops to drought stress under field conditions of Central European Climate for selected crop rotations, a field experiment was conducted at a test site in the Czech Republic from 2014 to 2021. Depending on the crop, rainout shelters were placed in late spring and early summer to study the effects of drought in the final stages of crop development. Due to these rainout shelters and the associated lower water availability for the crops during the summer, a reduction in leaf area index, biomass and yield was observed. For example, a yield decrease of more than 30% was observed for spring barley, winter rape and winter wheat compared to conditions without rainout shelters. The reduction was 25% and 18% for winter rye and silage maize, respectively, under rainout shelters. Soil moisture played a significant role in yield, where a predictive model based on monthly soil moisture explained up to 79% (winter rape) of the yield variance.
Maize and Wheat Responses to the Legacies of Different Cover Crops under Warm Conditions
Authors: Mariscal-Sancho Ignacio , Hontoria Chiquinquirá , Centurión Nelly , Navas Mariela , Moliner Ana , Peregrina Fernando , Ulcuango Kelly
Published: June 2023

Cover crops (CC) have great potential to enhance the sustainability of agroecosystems. However, the wide range of possible rotations of CC and cash crops (CaC) means that important knowledge gaps persist on how CC affects CaC. We investigated the legacy effects of five common CC (three monocultures: vetch, melilotus, and barley, and two mixtures: barley-vetch and barley-melilotus) on two of the most important CaC, maize and wheat. A microcosm, semi-controlled experiment was established simulating warm, low-income Mediterranean conditions. After two cycles, soil physicochemical and microbial properties, as well as plant growth and nutrition variables, were measured at the CC early growth CaC stage. In maize, barley CC had the best soil microbial and nutritional legacy effects, which resulted in the highest biomass and nutrient status. In contrast, barley produced the worst results on wheat, showing the disadvantages of growing two crops from the same tribe consecutively. CC mixtures also did not offer a productive advantage over pure CC. Additionally, our findings suggest that archaea seem to play a role in increasing N and Zn content in maize shoots. Furthermore, shoot B contents showed highly significant regressions with the CaC biomass. These results can help select the appropriate CC in each case.
Effects of a Mixture of Brevibacillus brevis with Other Bacillus sp. Strains against Gray Mold and on Enzyme Activities of Grape
Authors: Che Jianmei , Lai Chengchun , Lai Gongti , Chen Qianqian , Liu Guohong , Liu Bo
Published: June 2023

Gray mold disease, caused by Botrytis cinerea, has reduced grape’s output and market quality globally. In this study, the antifungal activity of a mixed microbial combination of Brevibacillus brevis FJAT-0809-GLX and Bacillus sp. strains was investigated. The results showed that the inhibition rate against B. cinerea was 85.10% when B. brevis FJAT-0809-GLX was mixed with a mixture of B. brevis FJAT-10623 and Bacillus velezensis FJAT-55034 at a proportion of 80%:20%, which was significantly higher than those of other combination proportions. The inhibitory rates of the mixed microbial combination diluted 0 times, 10 times, and 100 times were 89.14%, 88.10%, and 86.33%, respectively, with no significant differences between each other. The mixed microbial combination appeared to be temperature-insensitive and significantly stable from pH 3 to pH 7. Furthermore, it was discovered that its antifungal activity was significantly stable with UV radiation for 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min, with values of 84.82%, 83.89%, and 82.22%, respectively. An amount of 0.025 mol mL−1 of KCl, CuSO4, and MgCl2 had no effects on the antifungal activity of the mixed microbial combination, while 0.025 mol mL−1 of NaCl, ZnSO4, FeSO4, CaCl2, and MnSO4 reduced the inhibition rate. The mixed microbial combination demonstrated antifungal activities against a variety of fungi, with inhibition rates ranging from 68.78% to 85.10%. The grape fruits and grape leaves treated with the mixed microbial combination decayed at 27.27% and 48.34%, respectively. Additionally, the mixed microbial combination improved grape fruit resistance by increasing the activity of defense enzymes polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and catalase (CAT). Therefore, the results indicated that the mixed microbial combination had great biocontrol potential against gray mold in grape fruits.
Cover Crop Straw Interferes in the Retention and Availability of Diclosulam and Diuron in the Environment
Authors: Munhoz-Garcia Gustavo Vinícios , Takeshita Vanessa , Pimpinato Rodrigo Floriano , de Moraes Nicoli Gomes , Nalin Daniel , Tornisielo Valdemar Luiz
Published: June 2023

Pre-emergent herbicides are applied directly in the soil or over the straw in no-till systems and can be retained, reducing the product’s availability. The current study characterizes the retention of diclosulam and diuron in forage turnip (FT), buckwheat (BW), and black oat (BO) straws. Radiometric techniques evaluated the sorption–desorption and leaching processes. Spectroscopic and microscopic methods characterized chemical and morphological alterations in the straw. Sorption rates (Kf) of diclosulam and diuron followed the order BO > BW > FT. Irreversible sorption (hysteresis < 0.7) occurs to diclosulam applied to BO straw. The BO straw showed porous structures, indicating physical entrapment of the herbicides. Straw fragments (<1 mm) increased the sorption of herbicides. The increase in straw amount (2.5 to 5 t ha−1) reduced herbicide leaching to 18.8%. Interactions between chemical groups (C-Cl, C-F, and C-N) from herbicides with straw characterize a chemical barrier. The present research suggests that entrapment and chemical interaction are involved in the sorption–desorption process of herbicides, such as diclosulam and diuron, in the straw matrix, directly interfering with their availability in the environment. This process can reduce the herbicide environmental risk but can decrease weed control efficiency.
High-Throughput Sequencing Reveals the Effect of the South Root-Knot Nematode on Cucumber Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Community
Authors: Yang Fan , Jiang Huayan , Liang Shen , Chang Gaozheng , Ma Kai , Niu Lili , Mi Guoquan , Tang Yanling , Tian Baoming , Shi Xuanjie
Published: June 2023

Due to long-term cultivation in greenhouses, cucumbers are susceptible to root-knot nematode (RKN), resulting in reduced yield and quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of RKN on the rhizosphere microbial community of cucumber. Understanding the composition of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities and the possible interaction between microorganisms and RKN is expected to provide a reference for the eco-friendly control of M. incognita in the future. Three different groups were selected for sampling based on the RKN incidence and root galling scale (NHR, 0%, no root galling; NR, 5–15%, root galling scale 1–2; NS, 60–75%, root galling scale 4–5). Soil properties were determined to evaluate the effect of M. incognita on rhizosphere soil. High-throughput sequencing was used to examine the bacterial and fungal communities in rhizosphere soil. The results showed that the contents of soil nutrients and enzyme activities were significantly lower in the NS than in the NHR. The alpha diversity showed that M. incognita had a greater effect on rhizosphere soil bacteria than on fungi. In beta diversity, there were significant differences among the three groups by PCoA (p = 0.001). Furthermore, bacteria and fungi with significant differences in relative abundance were screened at the genus level for a correlation analysis with soil factors, and a correlation analysis between the bacteria and fungi was performed to study their relationships. A redundancy analysis (RDA) of rhizosphere microorganisms and soil properties showed a negative correlation between nematode contamination levels and soil nutrient content. Finally, we predicted the interaction among RKN, soil factors, and the rhizosphere microbial community, which provided evidence for the prevention of RKN via microecological regulation in the future.
Physiological, Enological and Agronomic Characterization of Pedro Ximénez Grapevine Cultivar under Organic Farming in a Warm Climate Zone
Authors: Gutiérrez-Gordillo Saray , Pérez-González Juan Manuel , Sancho-Galán Pau , Amores-Arrocha Antonio , Palacios Víctor , Jiménez-Cantizano Ana
Published: June 2023

One of the challenges that European agriculture will have to face will be to adapt conventional agriculture to procedures of the new European agricultural policies. In this way, organic farming will have more importance in the coming years. One of the most important crops worldwide is grapevine. The main objective of this research work focuses on the physiological, agronomic, and enological characterization of Pedro Ximénez with the purpose of knowing the viability of the organic cultivation of this cultivar in a warm climate zone. Two experimental plots were selected with two different types of management, organic and conventional. In both plots, photosynthetic capacity (AN), stomatal conductance (gs), and intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) were measured, and physicochemical composition of grape must was analyzed during ripening. In addition, bunch and pruning weight were measured as agronomic parameters. Physiological results were not significantly different between management at a general level in gs and WUEi, being possible to identify a difference in AN just before the harvest. At the level of fruit ripening, significant differences were found between the two managements. At harvest, grape must had a higher sugar concentration, amine nitrogen (α-NH2), and yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) in the organic management than in conventional, where higher values of pH and l-malic acid were observed. Taking into account the preliminary results obtained it could be concluded the viability of the organic management for Pedro Ximénez crop in a warm climate zone.
Conserved Evolution of MHC Supertypes among Japanese Frogs Suggests Selection for Bd Resistance
Authors: Lau Quintin , Igawa Takeshi , Kosch Tiffany A. , Dharmayanthi Anik B. , Berger Lee , Skerratt Lee F. , Satta Yoko
Published: June 2023

The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a major threat to amphibians, yet there are no reports of major disease impacts in East Asian frogs. Genetic variation of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been associated with resistance to Bd in frogs from East Asia and worldwide. Using transcriptomic data collated from 11 Japanese frog species (one individual per species), we isolated MHC class I and IIb sequences and validated using molecular cloning. We then compared MHC from Japanese frogs and other species worldwide, with varying Bd susceptibility. Supertyping analysis, which groups MHC alleles based on physicochemical properties of peptide binding sites, identified that all examined East Asian frogs contained at least one MHC-IIb allele belonging to supertype ST-1. This indicates that, despite the large divergence times between some Japanese frogs (up to 145 million years), particular functional properties in the peptide binding sites of MHC-II are conserved among East Asian frogs. Furthermore, preliminary analysis using NetMHCIIpan-4.0, which predicts potential Bd-peptide binding ability, suggests that MHC-IIb ST-1 and ST-2 have higher overall peptide binding ability than other supertypes, irrespective of whether the peptides are derived from Bd, other fungi, or bacteria. Our findings suggest that MHC-IIb among East Asian frogs may have co-evolved under the same selective pressure. Given that Bd originated in this region, it may be a major driver of MHC evolution in East Asian frogs.
Effects of Jumping Phase, Leading Limb, and Arena Surface Type on Forelimb Hoof Movement
Authors: Rohlf Christina M. , Garcia Tanya C. , Marsh Lyndsey J. , Acutt Elizabeth V. , le Jeune Sarah S. , Stover Susan M.
Published: June 2023

During the stance phase of equine locomotion, ground reaction forces are exerted on the hoof, leading first to rapid deceleration (“braking”) and later to acceleration (“propulsion”) as the hoof leaves the ground. Excessive hoof deceleration has been identified as a risk factor for musculoskeletal injury and may be influenced by arena surface properties. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the effect of arena surface type (dirt, synthetic) on hoof translation of the leading and trailing forelimbs during jump takeoff and landing. Solar hoof angle, displacement, velocity, and deceleration were captured using kinematic markers and high-speed video for four horses jumping over a 1.1 m oxer at 12 different arenas (5 dirt, 7 synthetic). Surface vertical impact and horizontal shear properties were measured simultaneously. The effects of surface type (dirt, synthetic), jump phase (takeoff, landing), and limb (leading, trailing) on hoof movement were assessed using ANOVA (p < 0.05), while the relationships of hoof movement with surface mechanical properties were examined with correlation. Slide time (p = 0.032), horizontal velocity of the hoof (p < 0.001), and deceleration (p < 0.001) were greater in the leading limb, suggesting a higher risk of injury to the leading limb when braking. However, surface type and jump phase did not significantly affect deceleration during braking.
The Relationship between Reticuloruminal Temperature, Reticuloruminal pH, Cow Activity, and Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows
Authors: Antanaitis Ramūnas , Anskienė Lina , Palubinskas Giedrius , Rutkauskas Arūnas , Baumgartner Walter
Published: June 2023

We hypothesized that reticuloruminal temperature, pH as well as cow activity can be used as parameters for the early diagnosis of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Therefore, we aimed to detect the relationship between these factors and the disease. We randomly selected cows with clinical mastitis and clinically healthy cows (HG) out of 600 milking cows. We recorded the following parameters during the experiment: reticulorumen temperature (RR temp.), reticulorumen pH (RR pH), and cow activity. We used smaXtec boluses (smaXtec animal care technology®, Graz, Austria). In this investigation, reticulorumen data obtained seven days before diagnosis were compared to HG data from the same time period. CM cows were observed on the same days as the healthy cows. The healthy group’s RR pH was 7.32% higher than that of cows with CM. Reticulorumen temperature was also 1.25% higher in the CM group than in the control group. The healthy group had a higher average value for walking activity, which was 17.37% higher than the CM group. The data of reticulorumen pH changes during 24 h showed that during the day, the pH changed from 5.53 to 5.83 in the CM group. By contrast, pH changed from 6.05 to 6.31 in the control group. The lowest reticulorumen pH in the CM group was detected on the third day before diagnosis, which was 15.76% lower than the highest reticulorumen pH detected on the sixth day before diagnosis. The lowest reticulorumen pH in CM cows was detected at 0 and 1 days before diagnosis and it was 1.45% lower than the highest reticulorumen pH detected on the second day before diagnosis. The lowest walking activity in the CM group was detected 0 days before diagnosis, which was 50.60% lower than on the fifth day before diagnosis. Overall, the results confirmed our hypothesis that reticuloruminal temperature, reticuloruminal pH, and cow activity could be used as parameters for the early diagnosis of clinical mastitis in dairy cows.
Heteroresistance to Colistin in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae Producing OXA-48
Authors: Sánchez-León Irene , García-Martínez Teresa , Diene Seydina M. , Pérez-Nadales Elena , Martínez-Martínez Luis , Rolain Jean-Marc
Published: June 2023

Heteroresistance to colistin can be defined as the presence of resistant subpopulations in an isolate that is susceptible to this antibiotic. Colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is more frequently related to chromosomal mutations and insertions. This work aimed to study heteroresistance in nine clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing OXA-48 and to describe genomic changes in mutants with acquired resistance in vitro. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution (BMD) and heteroresistance by population analysis profiling (PAP). The proteins related to colistin resistance were analyzed for the presence of mutations. Additionally, PCR of the mgrB gene was performed to identify the presence of insertions. In the nine parental isolates, the PAP method showed colistin heteroresistance of colonies growing on plates with concentrations of up to 64 mg/L, corresponding to stable mutant subpopulations. The MICs of some mutants from the PAP plate containing 4×MIC of colistin had absolute values of ≤2 mg/L that were higher than the parental MICs and were defined as persistent variants. PCR of the mgrB gene identified an insertion sequence that inactivated the gene in 21 mutants. Other substitutions in the investigated mutants were found in PhoP, PhoQ, PmrB, PmrC, CrrA and CrrB proteins. Colistin heteroresistance in K. pneumoniae isolates was attributed mainly to insertions in the mgrB gene and point mutations in colistin resistance proteins. The results of this study will improve understanding regarding the mechanisms of colistin resistance in mutants of K. pneumoniae producing OXA-48.
Human NCF190H Variant Promotes IL-23/IL-17–Dependent Mannan-Induced Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Li Yanpeng , Li Zhilei , Nandakumar Kutty Selva , Holmdahl Rikard
Published: June 2023

Recently, a major single nucleotide variant on the NCF1 gene, leading to an amino acid replacement from arginine to histidine at position 90 (NCF1R90H), associated with low production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), was found to be causative for several autoimmune diseases. Psoriasis in the skin (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) were induced with mannan by intraperitoneal injection or epicutaneous application, evaluated by visual and histology scoring. Immunostaining was used to identify macrophages, NCF1, and keratinocytes. The population of immune cells was quantified by flow cytometry, gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR, and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was investigated by immunohistochemical staining and western blot. We found that the low ROS responder NCF190H variant promotes PsO and PsA (the MIP model). The NCF190H-expressing mice had hyperactivated macrophages, expanded keratinocytes, and dramatically increased numbers of γδT17 cells with upregulated IL-17A, IL-23, and TNF-α. In addition, the JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway was also upregulated in cells in the psoriatic skin tissues of Ncf190H mice. To summarize, a defined SNP (NCF1-339, also named NCF190H) was found to activate the IL-23/IL-17 axis and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, leading to hyperactivation of macrophages and keratinocytes and causing mouse psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.
The Effectiveness of Combination Stabilizers and Ultrasound Homogenization in Milk Ice Cream Production
Authors: Kot Anna , Jakubczyk Ewa , Kamińska-Dwórznicka Anna
Published: June 2023

This study aims to contribute knowledge to the area of the ice cream industry by finding an effective way to prevent the recrystallization process in ice cream production. Stabilizers such as ɩ-carrageenan and its acid and enzymatic hydrolyzates were used with the combination of ultrasound homogenization (20 kHz and exposure time of 5 min) as a method to obtain the deliberate quality of ice cream. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis of the physical characteristic of milk ice creams was made, such as the cryoscopic temperature, osmotic pressure, overrun, and melting time. It was noted that cryoscopic temperature was lower in the samples after ultrasound treatment. Additionally, the osmotic pressure was changed in the case of the stabilizer used. The overrun of ice cream was less than 32% while the longest melting time was at the level of 27 min. The recrystallization process was analysed on the basis of images taken after 24 h, and 1 and 3 months of storage at −18 °C. Regarding the results, it was observed that ultrasound homogenization contributed to smaller ice crystals and had a positive influence on the ice crystals’ structure.