bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ITO‐Free Organic Photovoltaic Modules Based on Fluorinated Polymers Deposited from Non‐Halogenated Solution: A Major Step Toward Large‐Scale Module Production
Authors: Ibraikulov Olzhas. A. , Wang Jing , Kamatham Narayanaswamy , Heinrich Benoît , Méry Stéphane , Kohlstädt Markus , Würfel Uli , Ferry Stéphanie , Leclerc Nicolas , Heiser Thomas , Lévêque Patrick
Published: August 2019

Several bottlenecks need to be passed to reach market readiness for organic photovoltaic modules. To avoid scarce and costly materials such as indium is an important technological issue. To be able to process the active layer from solutions prepared from non‐halogenated solvents and harmless additives is also a crucial step. Herein, a fluorinated polymer is used as an electron‐donor material and PC71BM as an electron‐accepting material in a bulk‐heterojunction configuration, to demonstrate that indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐free modules with an active area greater than 60 cm2 and processed from non‐halogenated solvents and harmless additives can reach a high power conversion efficiency of above 6%.
Establishment mode choice by Chinese firms in Latin America: The role of host country‐specific experience and government official visits
Authors: Quer Diego , Rienda Laura , Andreu Rosario
Published: August 2019

This study addresses establishment mode decisions by emerging‐market multinational enterprises entering other emerging economies. More precisely, we examine the influence of prior host country experience and home government official visits on the choice between the acquisition of a local company and the creation of a new subsidiary from scratch. By analyzing 315 investments carried out by Chinese firms in Latin America, we obtain that they are more likely to enter through an acquisition when they have established prior subsidiaries in the host country. Moreover, recent Chinese government official visits contribute to mitigate the difficulties of an acquisition for those companies with less local experience.
Vacuum metrology and its impact on research and industry
Authors: Jousten Karl
Published: August 2019

By accurate vacuum measurement, it is possible to control processes in industry, to ensure the necessary environmental conditions for many experiments in science and research and to support the commercial relationship between manufacturers and users of vacuum equipment. The main task of vacuum metrology, the science of vacuum measurement, is to provide traceability of vacuum measurements to the SI. In recent years, also the characterization of vacuum by partial pressure analysis and outgassing rate measurement, and the dynamics of vacuum measurement became an issue for vacuum metrology.
Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease
Authors: Mukund Kavitha , Subramaniam Shankar
Published: August 2019

Decades of research in skeletal muscle physiology have provided multiscale insights into the structural and functional complexity of this important anatomical tissue, designed to accomplish the task of generating contraction, force and movement. Skeletal muscle can be viewed as a biomechanical device with various interacting components including the autonomic nerves for impulse transmission, vasculature for efficient oxygenation, and embedded regulatory and metabolic machinery for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The “omics” revolution has propelled a new era in muscle research, allowing us to discern minute details of molecular cross‐talk required for effective coordination between the myriad interacting components for efficient muscle function. The objective of this review is to provide a systems‐level, comprehensive mapping the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle structure and function, in health and disease. We begin this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle tissue development (myogenesis), with an emphasis on satellite cells and muscle regeneration. We next review the molecular structure and mechanisms underlying the many structural components of the muscle: neuromuscular junction, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and vasculature surrounding muscle. We highlight aberrant molecular mechanisms and their possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance. We particularly emphasize the impact of environmental stressors (inflammation and oxidative stress) in contributing to muscle pathophysiology including atrophy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis.

This article is categorized under:

Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease

Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models
Conceptualizing the Secure Internet of Things
Authors: Cheruvu Sunil , Kumar Anil , Smith Ned , Wheeler David M.
Published: August 2019

In this chapter we relate several iconic attacks on cyber-physical IoT systems to illustrate the clever ways attackers are able to achieve their objectives. The physicality of cyber-physical systems and resource limitations of constrained IoT devices present new challenges, both for attackers and systems designers. This chapter explores security trade-off consequences resulting from design decisions aimed at reducing device cost. We advocate more enlightened perspectives that consider the value of the device in terms of the broader network and system value. The security front line often is a constrained device requiring world-class security capabilities such as hardware underpinnings for cryptography, integrity protection, storage, and attestation. Devices that don’t provide the basic building blocks of security are the weak links in the system – which systems designers aim to quarantine.
IoT Software Security Building Blocks
Authors: Cheruvu Sunil , Kumar Anil , Smith Ned , Wheeler David M.
Published: August 2019

Oleg Selajev from Oracle Labs is famous on Twitter for saying, “The ‘S’ in the IoT stands for security.” Oleg does not spell poorly; instead, he was bemoaning the sad state of affairs in IoT security. Despite the truth in Oleg’s statement, security does not have to be absent in IoT.
IoT Vertical Applications and Associated Security Requirements
Authors: Cheruvu Sunil , Kumar Anil , Smith Ned , Wheeler David M.
Published: August 2019

Throughout the previous chapters of this book, we have presented how different parts of an IoT system could be built and what components and frameworks are important and useful. In this chapter, we present what Intel is doing in the arena of IoT as complete vertical solutions. IoT spans a broad range of different markets, and therefore solutions must be tailored to the specific purposes of those markets and the specific security threats encountered or expected in those environments. There are similarities, to be sure. Each industry has different security demands due to the nature of the information handled and the mandate to conform to particular regulatory and industry standard bodies’ requirements. This chapter will provide an overview of the different verticals, associated security requirements, threats, and mitigations.
Introduction: Europe, Heritage and Memory—Dissonant Encounters and Explorations
Authors: van Huis Iris , Kaasik-Krogerus Sigrid , Lähdesmäki Tuuli , Ellena Liliana
Published: August 2019

The introduction to Dissonant Heritages and Memories in Contemporary Europe theoretically grounds the book’s various problematizations of heritage and identity struggles in Europe today, including the heritage policies of the EU and other intergovernmental organizations, struggles over ethnographic and historical exhibitions, activist practices, and dissonant memories. By discussing these struggles and their problematizations, the introduction connects the book to a wide range of ongoing debates across the humanities and social sciences. At the same time, it discusses how convergences and divergences within and between the volume’s chapters foster new insights regarding the concepts of dissonant heritage (transnational) memory, and Europe. The book thus builds on a wide array of theory from interdisciplinary fields, ranging from memory and heritage studies, social sciences, and postcolonial theory, while also adding new insights based on empirical research, specifically concerning the understanding and use of the concept of dissonance.
Conflicts and Reconciliation in the Postmillennial Heritage-Policy Discourses of the Council of Europe and the European Union
Authors: Lähdesmäki Tuuli
Published: August 2019

Lähdesmäki analyses the heritage-policy discourses of the EU and the Council of Europe. She particularly discusses how these institutions deal with the challenges the idea of heritage faces in today’s Europe and the opportunities that these may present to respond to these challenges. The analysis shows how the EU and the Council of Europe seek to reconcile heritage-related conflicts by approaching heritage as a space for civil participation, interaction, intercultural dialogue, and conversation about divergent values and narrations of the past. However, their policy discourses often relay on a static and materialist notion of heritage. This kind of discourse maintains geographical, cultural, political, socio-economic, and religious power hierarchies and an exclusive understanding of a common European cultural heritage.
A Geography of Coloniality: Re-narrating European Integration
Authors: Turunen Johanna
Published: August 2019

Turunen discusses how the “European significance” of the European Heritage Label (EHL) sites has been narrated through interconnections of European values and European integration. She argues that, in the context of the EHL, integration is intricately linked to the notion of spreading common values, which in turn is entangled with Eurocentrism. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the geography of coloniality: the underlying spatial structure that makes the coloniality of European cultural heritage and related hierarchies more visible. Ultimately, the chapter shows how the concept of coloniality enables us to analyse the ways Eurocentrism is also embedded in ideas about European cultural heritage beyond colonial heritage, examining the role trans-European initiatives like the EHL could have in the decolonization of European cultural heritage.
Supporting Mathematical Learning Processes by Means of Mathematics Conferences and Mathematics Language Tools
Authors: Selter Christoph , Walter Daniel
Published: August 2019

In recent decades, the instructional theory of Realistic Mathematics Education has exerted a powerful influence on mathematics education around the world. The idea of progressive mathematisation has gained international acceptance. In this chapter, we will illustrate the way in which we benefited from the idea of organising the teaching and learning of mathematics in keeping with this guiding principle. After some personal memories of the first author, we start by describing what we consider to be the central elements of the principle of progressive mathematisation. This is followed by a description of two methods, the mathematics conferences and mathematics language tools, for rendering the learning and teaching concepts entailed by the principle of progressive mathematisation—especially its vertical component—even more expedient and fruitful. The contribution concludes with an explanation of how we understand the term ‘realistic’ in Realistic Mathematics Education.
The Impact of Dutch Mathematics Education on Danish Mathematics Education
Authors: Niss Mogens
Published: August 2019

Hans Freudenthal—in his capacity as a mathematician as well as a very articulate and thoughtful mathematics educator, as an international ‘politician’ of mathematics education, as the founder of Educational Studies in Mathematics, as a prolific writer, as an organiser of meetings and conferences—exerted quite an influence on Danish mathematics education from the late 1960s onwards. The Dutch mathematics education tradition thus founded always received close attention from the Danish mathematics education community. In this chapter, I outline and discuss the nature of this influence and I attempt to provide an explanation of why this tradition has resonated so well with implicit and explicit movements in Denmark.
Searching for Alternatives for New Math in Belgian Primary Schools—Influence of the Dutch Model of Realistic Mathematics Education
Authors: De Bock Dirk , Van Dooren Wim , Verschaffel Lieven
Published: August 2019

We sketch the turbulent history of primary mathematics education in Belgium during the last (half) century. The outline starts with traditional mathematics in the period before and shortly after World War II, an approach that is often, but partly unjustly, labelled as ‘mechanistic’. Then we focus on the rise of New Math or ‘modern mathematics’ in the 1970s. We briefly discuss its roots and describe how this structural approach, which basically followed the development at the secondary level, was implemented in Belgian primary schools. By the early 1980s, New Math was strongly criticised, which paved the way for its fall during the 1990s. This leads us to the current curricula that are strongly inspired by the Dutch model of Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), while maintaining valuable elements of the strong Belgian tradition in developing students’ mental and written calculation skills and even some (minor) New Math accents. We describe in some detail the influence of RME on the different mathematical domains in these curricula, as well as some new challenges that arise on the horizon.
Janossy densities for chiral random matrix ensembles and their applications to two-color QCD
Authors: Fuji Hiroyuki , Kanamori Issaku , Nishigaki Shinsuke M.
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We compute individual distributions of low-lying eigenvalues of massive chiral random matrix ensembles by the Nyström-type quadrature method for evaluating the Fredholm determinant and Pfaffian that represent the analytic continuation of the Janossy densities (conditional gap probabilities). A compact formula for individual eigenvalue distributions suited for precise numerical evaluation by the Nyström-type method is obtained in an explicit form, and the k
th smallest eigenvalue distributions are numerically evaluated for chiral unitary and symplectic ensembles in the microscopic limit. As an application of our result, the low-lying Dirac spectra of the SU(2) lattice gauge theory with N

F
= 8 staggered flavors are fitted to the numerical prediction from the chiral symplectic ensemble, leading to a precise determination of the chiral condensate of a two-color QCD-like system in the future.
Bi-gravity with a single graviton
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Speziale Simone
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We analyze a bi-gravity model based on the first order formalism, having as fundamental variables two tetrads but only one Lorentz connection. We show that on a large class of backgrounds its linearization agrees with general relativity. At the non-linear level, additional degrees of freedom appear, and we reveal the mechanism hiding them around the special backgrounds. We further argue that they do not contain a massive graviton, nor the Boulware-Deser ghost. The model thus propagates only one graviton, whereas the nature of the additional degrees of freedom remains to be investigated. We also present a foliation-preserving deformation of the model, which keeps all symmetries except time diffeomorphisms and has three degrees of freedom.
Recurrence Patterns After Resection of Colorectal Liver Metastasis are Modified by Perioperative Systemic Chemotherapy
Authors: Buisman Florian E. , Galjart Boris , van der Stok Eric P. , Balachandran Vinod P. , Boerner Thomas , Drebin Jeffrey A. , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Jarnagin William R. , Kingham T. Peter , Verhoef Cornelis , D'Angelica Micheal I. , Groot Koerkamp Bas
Published: August 2019

Background

This study investigated the impact of perioperative systemic chemotherapy on the recurrence rate and pattern following resection of colorectal liver metastases.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in two centers. Rates and patterns of recurrence and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients treated with and without perioperative systemic chemotherapy. The clinical risk score (CRS) was used to stratify patients in low risk (CRS 0–2) and high risk (CRS 3–5) of recurrence.

Results

A total of 2020 patients were included, of whom 1442 (71%) received perioperative systemic chemotherapy. The median follow‐up was 88 months, and 1289 patients (64%) developed a recurrence. The recurrence pattern was independent of chemotherapy in low‐risk patients: intrahepatic recurrences (30% vs. 30%, p = 0.97) and extrahepatic recurrences (38% vs. 39%, p = 0.52). In high‐risk patients, no difference in intrahepatic recurrences was found (48% vs. 50%, p = 0.59). However, a lower rate of extrahepatic recurrences (43% vs. 55%, p = 0.007) was observed with perioperative systemic chemotherapy, mainly due to a reduction in pulmonary recurrences (25% vs. 35%, p = 0.007). In competing risk analysis, the cumulative incidence of extrahepatic recurrence was significantly lower with perioperative systemic chemotherapy in high‐risk patients only (5‐year cumulative incidence 44% vs. 59%, p < 0.001). Perioperative chemotherapy was associated with improved OS in high‐risk patients (adjusted HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57–0.94, p = 0.02), but not in low‐risk patients (adjusted HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.82–1.19, p = 0.90).

Conclusions

Perioperative systemic chemotherapy had no association with intrahepatic recurrence, but was associated with fewer pulmonary recurrences and superior OS in high‐risk patients only.
Comparison Between the Protector™ Laryngeal Mask Airway and the Endotracheal Tube for Minimally Invasive Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
Authors: Kotsovolis Georgios , Pliakos Ioannis , Panidis Stavros , Gkinas Dimitrios , Papavramidis Theodosios
Published: August 2019

Background

Pharyngolaryngeal symptoms are a main concern after neck surgery. The Protector™ LMA is a new supraglottic airway device. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate whether application of the LMA Protector™ causes fewer pharyngolaryngeal symptoms than application of the endotracheal tube after minimally invasive total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.

Methods

This prospective, randomized controlled trial involved one university and one private practice clinic, during the period from January 2017 until November 2017. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups: ETT and LMA. Main outcomes were Numerical Rating Scale scores of postoperative dysphagia, pharyngodynia, and incisional pain. Secondary outcomes were the frequency of rescue analgesia (paracetamol) consumption and emergence cough. Data were recorded in the post‐anesthesia care unit and at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery.

Results

Data from 78 patients were included in the final analysis. Pharyngodynia scores were significantly lower in the LMA group, compared with the ETT group, at 1 h, 6 h and 12 h after surgery. Dysphagia and surgical incision pain scores were also significantly lower in the LMA group, compared with the ETT group, at 6 h and 12 h after surgery. The frequency of postoperative paracetamol consumption was significantly increased in the ETT group, compared with the LMA group. Finally, the LMA group had fewer episodes of emergence cough, compared with the ETT group.

Conclusion

The LMA Protector™ causes fewer pharyngolaryngeal symptoms than the ETT within 6 and 12 h after minimally invasive total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03098667.
Oncologic Risk of Rectal Preservation Against Medical Advice After Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer: A Multicenter Comparative Cross‐Sectional Study with Rectal Preservation as Supported by Surgeon
Authors: Song Kwang‐Seop , Park Sung Chan , Sohn Dae Kyung , Oh Jae Hwan , Kim Min Jung , Park Ji Won , Ryoo Seung‐Bum , Jeong Seung‐Yong , Park Kyu Joo , Oh Heung‐Kwon , Kim Duck‐Woo , Kang Sung‐Bum ,   Seoul Colorectal Research Group (SECOG)
Published: August 2019

Background

Rectal preservation against medical advice after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer may increase oncologic uncertainty. This study aimed to compare the oncologic outcomes of patients undergoing rectal preservation as intended by the surgeon, and the outcomes of patients refusing rectal resection against medical advice.

Methods

The study population consisted of patients in whom the rectum was preserved after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for clinical stage I–III mid or low rectal cancer between May 2003 and August 2017 (n = 2883); these patients were divided into those in whom rectal preservation was intended by their surgeon (intended rectal preservation, group A, n = 41) and those in whom the rectum was not resected against medical advice (unintended rectal preservation, group B, n = 101), defined as non‐operative management or local excision.

Results

The tumor distance, age, and performance status of patients were not significantly different between the groups, while the clinical T stage before chemoradiotherapy was lower in group A than in group B (P < 0.001). During the median follow‐up period of 34 months (interquartile range 18.0–72.0 months), the 3‐year overall survival in group B (59.7%) was worse than that in group A (90.1%; P < 0.001), and 80.2% of group B patients had residual or unknown disease status.

Conclusions

This study showed that unintended rectal preservation increases oncologic risk after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer regardless of short‐term follow‐up. Therefore, these findings could be shared with rectal cancer patients who choose to ignore medical advice after chemoradiotherapy to preserve their rectum.
A global carbon market?
Authors: Pollitt Michael G.
Published: August 2019

This paper explores the prospects for a global carbon market as the centerpiece of any serious attempt to reach the ambitious goal for greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions set by climate scientists. My aim is to clarify the extent to which we know what policy might best support global decarbonisation. We begin by discussing what we might mean by a global carbon market and its theoretical properties. We then go on to discuss the EU Emissions Trading System experience and the recent experience with the Australian carbon tax. Next, we assess recent carbon market initiatives in the US and in China. My argument is that while establishing the amount of emissions required and dividing it up acceptably between countries requires an enormous scientific and international negotiations effort, the economic instruments to deliver the agreed targets are readily at hand.
Correction to: Energy-saving operation approaches for urban rail transit systems
Authors: Gao Ziyou , Yang Lixing
Published: August 2019

The article “Energy-saving operation approaches for urban rail transit systems”, written by Ziyou GAO, Lixing YANG, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 27 April 2019 without open access. The copyright of the article changed on 30 June 2019 to © The Author(s) 2019 and the article is forthwith distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made.
Centimeter-Level Recording for All: Field Experimentation with New, Affordable Geolocation Technology
Authors: Cobb Peter J. , Earley-Spadoni Tiffany , Dames Philip
Published: August 2019

The methodical recording and representation of spatial data are central to archaeological fieldwork and research. Until recently, centimeter-level precise geolocation equipment was the exclusive domain of researchers who could afford setups costing tens of thousands of dollars. However, high-quality measurements are being made more accessible by rapidly evolving technologies. These new tools, when used together with mobile technology for efficiently recording field data, open up the possibility of capturing the precise location of every find during an archaeological surface survey. An important step in reaching the desired outcome—centimeter-level recording for all—is experimentation with a variety of emerging low-cost setups. Accordingly, we tested the Reach and Reach RS, differential global navigation satellite systems (dGNSS) equipment produced by the company Emlid, during a surface survey in Armenia in June 2018. Our field application demonstrates that the use of dGNSS is already possible and that the described advances in precision enable improved recording and representation of spatial data.
A real-time on-chip network architecture for mixed criticality aerospace systems
Authors: Majumder S. , Nielsen J.F.D. , La Cour-Harbo A. , Schiøler H. , Bak T.
Published: August 2019

Integrated Modular Avionics enables applications of different criticality levels to share the same hardware platform with an established temporal and spatial isolation. On-chip communication systems for such platforms must support different bandwidth and latency requirements of applications while preserving time predictability. In this paper, our concern is a time-predictable on-chip network architecture for targeting applications in mixed-criticality aerospace systems. The proposed architecture introduces a mixed, priority-based and time-division-multiplexed arbitration scheme to accommodate different bandwidth and latency in the same network while preserving worst-case time predictability for end-to-end communication without packet loss. Furthermore, as isolation of erroneous transmission by a faulty application is a key aspect of contingency management, the communication system should support isolation mechanisms to prevent interference. For this reason, a sampling port and isolated sampling buffer-based approach is proposed with a transmission authorisation control mechanism, guaranteeing spatial and temporal isolation between communicating systems.
Water drops bouncing off vertically vibrating textured surfaces
Authors: Wang Wei , Ji Chen , Lin Fangye , Zou Jun , Dorbolo S.
Published: August 2019

We investigate the conditions that determine the detachment of a water drop from different vibrating textured plates by using vertical vibrations. The plate surfaces were patterned by a lattice of pillars of different shapes with different geometrical arrangements. The acceleration threshold for the water droplet to bounce off the surfaces was measured as a function of the excitation frequency. In each case, the acceleration threshold presents a minimum at the natural frequency of the droplet. The minimum acceleration required for the take-off is larger for small droplets than for large droplets. Namely, one finds that the value of the threshold depends on the size of the droplet and on the maximum apparent contact area between the droplet and the substrate. The theoretical model takes into account the energy necessary to break the capillary bridges between the droplet and the pillars of the surface. This model captures the main ingredients explaining the drop size dependence of the acceleration threshold for the take-off.
Brilliant renal care: A really positive study of patient, carer, and staff experiences within an Australian health service
Authors: Kippist Louise , Fulop Liz , Dadich Ann , Smyth Anne
Published: August 2019

Drawing on a positive organizational scholarship (POS) approach, this paper presents findings from the first of a two-part study exploring user experiences of brilliant renal care within the Regional Dialysis Centre in Blacktown (RDC-B). A world café method was used engaging patients, carers, and staff in conversations about brilliance. Practitioners led the study, seeking to validate their claims that the RDC-B is an exemplar of brilliant care. Pragmatics dominated the fieldwork. Researchers and practitioners collaborated throughout the study, including hosting two world cafés. Key findings from the study are that the RDC-B is completely patient and relationally-centred, with high-quality connections, dedicated and competent staff providing a complete, responsive, and personalized service that is also like being in a family. Drawing on POS, we suggest that relational-centred care requires at the very least high-quality connections and relational coordination to build and sustain the levels of positivity identified in the RDC-B.
The efficacy of group cognitive-behavioural therapy plus duloxetine for generalised anxiety disorder versus duloxetine alone
Authors: Xie Zhi-Juan , Han Nan , Law Samuel , Li Zhi-Wen , Chen Shu-Yan , Xiao Ju-Ping , Zhang Yi , Gao Bing-Ling , Jiang Si-Si , Gao Hui-Min , Huang Xue-Bing
Published: August 2019

Objective:

To explore whether and how group cognitive-behavioural therapy (GCBT) plus medication differs from medication alone for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD).

Methods:

Hundred and seventy patients were randomly assigned to the GCBT plus duloxetine (n=89) or duloxetine group (n=81). The primary outcomes were Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) response and remission rates. The explorative secondary measures included score reductions from baseline in the HAMA total, psychic, and somatic anxiety subscales (HAMA-PA, HAMA-SA), the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Severity Subscale of Clinical Global Impression Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning, and the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 4-week, 8-week, and 3-month follow-up.

Results:

At 4 weeks, HAMA response (GCBT group 57.0% vs. control group 24.4%,p=0.000, Cohen’sd=0.90) and remission rates (GCBT group 21.5% vs. control group 6.2%,p=0.004;d=0.51), and most secondary outcomes (allp<0.05,d=0.36−0.77) showed that the combined therapy was superior. At 8 weeks, all the primary and secondary significant differences found at 4 weeks were maintained with smaller effect sizes (p<0.05,d=0.32−0.48). At 3-month follow-up, the combined therapy was only significantly superior in the HAMA total (p<0.045,d=0.43) and HAMA-PA score reductions (p<0.001,d=0.77). Logistic regression showed superiority of the combined therapy for HAMA response rates [odds ratio (OR)=2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02−4.42,p=0.04] and remission rates (OR=2.80, 95% CI 1.27−6.16,p=0.01).

Conclusions:

Compared with duloxetine alone, GCBT plus duloxetine showed significant treatment response for GAD over a shorter period of time, particularly for psychic anxiety symptoms, which may suggest that GCBT was effective in changing cognitive style.
SN1991bg-like supernovae are associated with old stellar populations
Authors: Panther Fiona H. , Seitenzahl Ivo R. , Ruiter Ashley J. , Crocker Roland M. , Lidman Chris , Wang Ella Xi , Tucker Brad E. , Groves Brent
Published: August 2019

SN1991bg-like supernovae are a distinct subclass of thermonuclear Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). Their spectral and photometric peculiarities indicate that their progenitors and explosion mechanisms differ from ‘normal’ SNe Ia. One method of determining information about supernova progenitors we cannot directly observe is to observe the stellar population adjacent to the apparent supernova explosion site to infer the distribution of stellar population ages and metallicities. We obtain integral field observations and analyse the spectra extracted from regions of projected radius$\sim\,\text{kpc}$about the apparent SN explosion site for 11 91bg-like SNe in both early- and late-type galaxies. We utilise full-spectrum spectral fitting to determine the ages and metallicities of the stellar population within the aperture. We find that the majority of the stellar populations that hosted 91bg-like supernovae have little recent star formation. The ages of the stellar populations suggest that that 91bg-like SN progenitors explode after delay times of >6 Gyr, much longer than the typical delay time of normal SNe Ia, which peaks at$\sim$1 Gyr.
‘Civis Indianus sum’?Ambedkar on democracy and territory during linguistic reorganization (and partition)
Authors: GODSMARK OLIVER
Published: August 2019

This article considers Ambedkar's ideas about the implementation of democracy in India, in the context of the linguistic reorganization of provincial administrative boundaries. In doing so, it looks to emphasize the importance of territorial configurations to Dalit politics during this period and, in particular, the consequences of ‘provincialization’, which has received little attention within the existing literature. Rethinking space by redrawing administrative territory provided Ambedkar with one potential avenue through which to escape the strictures of Dalits’ minority status. In this vision, linguistic reorganization (and partition) were harbingers of greater democratization and potential palliatives to the threat of Hindu majority rule at the centre. In turn, however, Ambedkar simultaneously came to perceive the creation of these new administrative spaces as marking a new form of provincial majoritarianism, despite his best efforts to form alliances with those making such demands. In this sense, the article also seeks to address some of the shared processes behind linguistic reorganization and partition as two related forms of territorial redrawing. In the face of these demands, and the failures of both commensuration and coalition politics, Ambedkar turned to the idea of separate settlements for Dalits, whereby they might themselves come to constitute a majority. Whilst such a novel attempt at separation and resettlement was not ultimately realized, its emergence within Ambedkar's thought at this time points towards its significance in any history of caste and untouchability in twentieth-century South Asia.
New populations of pampas deer Ozotoceros bezoarticus discovered in threatened Amazonian savannah enclaves
Authors: Rocha Daniel G. , Vogliotti Alexandre , Gräbin Diogo M. , Assunção Wilhan R. C. , Cambraia Bruno Contursi , D'Amico Ana Rafaela , Portela Antonio Elson , Sollmann Rahel
Published: August 2019

The savannah enclaves (i.e. patches) in the southern Brazilian Amazonia are among the most threatened and poorly surveyed sites in Amazonia. As part of an extensive mammal survey, we set camera traps in three of these savannah enclaves. We obtained 23 independent records of pampas deer Ozotoceros bezoarticus, a medium sized Neotropical cervid that is strongly associated with open habitats and categorized as Vulnerable on the Brazilian Red List of threatened species. These savannah enclaves with confirmed populations of pampas deer lie outside the species’ previously presumed historical range and are at least 350 km from any known extant population. Together, these savannah enclaves add c. 4,000 km2 to the pampas deer's currently known range. The small pampas deer populations in these enclaves are probably isolated by a matrix of Amazon forest, raising questions about spatial genetic structure and meta-population dynamics, and making them vulnerable to local extinction. We highlight the need for further studies, particularly genetic, to assess the conservation status of these populations, the results of which could potentially inform management decisions in other areas of the heavily fragmented range of this species.
Panegyric and the Discourse of Praise in Late Antiquity
Authors: Ware Catherine
Published: August 2019

Although a panegyric can be defined very simply as a speech of praise, it is no longer assumed that praise is also its sole function. What that function might be, however, continues to preoccupy scholarship. Generalisations can be made, but even a nuanced judgement such as ‘every encomium is at once a literary work, a moral problem, and a social rite’ (Pernot,Epideictic Rhetoric, ix) can be challenged by the particular: ‘there is no system and there never was. There is circumstance, preference and ambiguity’. The question is further complicated by the evolution of a rhetoric of praise, related to but independent of the formal panegyric, which came to characterise the literature of Late Antiquity and beyond. The questions, therefore, of what a panegyric is and what it is for are highly relevant to modern scholarship, not only to commentaries but, as is apparent from the books under review, to studies of rhetoric, late antique historiography and the creation of the imperial image.
Levels of analysis and problems of evidential support in the study of asymmetric conflict
Authors: Simandan Dragos
Published: August 2019

The contribution by De Dreu and Gross oversimplifies the complexity of the topic. I provide counterarguments that undermine the two sweeping contentions on which the article's argument depends, and I argue that asymmetric conflict is best understood at the finer-grained level of studying the sequences of strikes and counterstrikes that the rival actors have in store for one another.
Resolving attacker-defender conflicts through intergroup negotiation
Authors: Halevy Nir
Published: August 2019

The target article focuses on how attacker-defender conflicts are fought. This commentary complements it by considering how attacker-defender conflicts may be resolved at the bargaining table. I highlight multiple linkages between asymmetric intergroup conflict as modeled with the attacker-defender game and negotiation research and illustrate how the proposed model of attacker-defender conflicts can inspire new research on intergroup negotiation.
A note on the endogeneity of attacker and defender roles in asymmetric conflicts
Authors: Rusch Hannes , Böhm Robert
Published: August 2019

We argue that the roles of attacker and defender in asymmetric intergroup conflict are structurally ambiguous and their perception is likely to be subjectively biased. Although this allows for endogenous selection into each role, we argue that claiming the role of the defender likely is more advantageous for conflict participants.
Using political sanctions to discourage intergroup attacks: Social identity and authority legitimacy
Authors: Urbanska Karolina , Pehrson Sam
Published: August 2019

De Dreu and Gross offer novel solutions to discouraging attackers via political sanctions. We offer insights from social psychological and criminological research on when such sanctions would work and when they could backfire. We argue that the influence of such sanctioning ultimately rests upon the extent to which such authorities can claim to represent the society that they serve.
Unraveling the role of oxytocin in the motivational structure of conflict
Authors: Hurlemann René , Marsh Nina
Published: August 2019

Current psychological perspectives emphasize “attack” and “defense” as the behavioral mechanisms underlying conflict. Here, we extend this view by highlighting the relevance of pathological altruism and the neuroendocrine pathways associated with hostile behaviors. Specifically, we elucidate the modulatory role of the neuropeptide hormone oxytocin in motivating extraordinary levels of in-group commitment that can promote extreme behaviors and endure conflict with out-groups.
The evolutionarily mismatched nature of modern group makeup and the proposed application of such knowledge on promoting unity among members during times of intergroup conflict
Authors: O Jiaqing
Published: August 2019

Many modern-day groups differ from prehistoric ones regarding the proportion of members who are related to any particular individual. From an evolutionary mismatch lens, an appreciation of this disparity could help better explain the potential dilution of group cohesion during peacetime and inform novel, more effective approaches to enhancing group unity – strategies that might enhance national security around the globe.
The multiple facets of psychopathy in attack and defense conflicts
Authors: Paiva Tiago O. , Coelho Rui C. , Pasion Rita , Ribeiro Beatriz , Almeida Pedro R. , Ferreira-Santos Fernando , Marques-Teixeira João , Barbosa Fernando
Published: August 2019

With respect to De Dreu and Gross's article, we comment on the psychological functions for attack and defense, focusing on associations between individual differences in psychopathic personality traits and the behavioral patterns observed in attack-defense conflicts. We highlight the dimensional nature of psychopathy and formulate hypothetical associations between distinct traits, their different behavioral outcomes, and associated brain mechanisms.
The political complexity of attack and defense
Authors: Andrews Talbot M. , Huddy Leonie , Kline Reuben , Nam H. Hannah , Sawyer Katherine
Published: August 2019

De Dreu and Gross's distinction between attack and defense is complicated in real-world conflicts because competing leaders construe their position as one of defense, and power imbalances place status quo challengers in a defensive position. Their account of defense as vigilant avoidance is incomplete because it avoids a reference to anger which transforms anxious avoidance into collective and unified action.
Matching pennies games as asymmetric models of conflict
Authors: Krawczyk Michał Wiktor
Published: August 2019

De Dreu and Gross (D&G) seem to have disregarded some relevant experimental literature on games of conflict, most notably variations on “matching pennies” games. While in such games, “attacker” and “defender” are typically not explicitly labelled, players’ differentiated roles yield naturally to such notions. These studies partly validate some of D&G's findings and interpretations.
Identity leadership: Managing perceptions of conflict for collective action
Authors: Pärnamets Philip , Reinero Diego A. , Pereira Andrea , Van Bavel Jay J.
Published: August 2019

We argue that how players perceive the attack-defense game might matter far more than its actual underlying structure in determining the outcomes of intergroup conflict. Leaders can use various tactics to dynamically modify these perceptions, from collective victimization to the distortion of the perceived payoffs, with some followers being more receptive than others to such leadership tactics.
Attack versus defense: A strategic rationale for role differentiation in conflict
Authors: Hafer Catherine
Published: August 2019

Is there a strategic mechanism that explains role-contingent differences in conflict behavior? I sketch a theory in which differences in optimal behavior for attackers and defenders arise under initially symmetric conditions through the dynamic accumulation of differences in the distributions of traits in the subpopulations of potential opponents.
Lying and perception of lies by bilingual speakers
Authors: Kreyßig Nora , Krautz Agnieszka Ewa
Published: August 2019

Multiple studies on bilingualism and emotions have demonstrated that a native language carries greater emotional valence than the second language. This distinction appears to have consequences for other types of behavior, including lying. As bilingual lying has not been explored extensively, the current study investigated the psychophysiological differences between German (native language) and English (second language) in the lying process as well as in the perception of lies. The skin conductance responses of 26 bilinguals were measured during reading aloud true and false statements and listening to recorded correct and wrong assertions. The analysis revealed a lie effect, that is, statistically significant differences between valid and fictitious sentences. In addition, the values in German were higher compared to those in English, in accordance with theblunted emotional response account(Caldwell-Harris & Aycicegi-Dinn, 2009). Finally, the skin conductance responses were lower in the listening condition in comparison to the reading aloud. The results, however, are treated with caution given the fact that skin conductance monitoring does not allow assigning heightened reactivity of the skin to one exclusive cause. The responses may have been equally induced by the content of the statements, which prompted positive or negative associations in the participants’ minds or by the specific task requirements.
Ageing, old age and older adults: a social media analysis of dominant topics and discourses
Authors: Makita Meiko , Mas-Bleda Amalia , Stuart Emma , Thelwall Mike
Published: August 2019

Whilst representations of old age and older people in traditional media have been well documented, examinations of such representations within social media discourse are still scarce. This is an unfortunate omission because of the importance of social media for communication in contemporary society. In this study, we combine content analysis and discourse analysis to explore patterns of representation on Twitter around the terms ageing, old age, older people and elderly with a sample of 1,200 tweets. Our analysis shows that ‘personal concerns/views’ and ‘health and social care’ are the predominant overall topics, although some topics are clearly linked with specific keywords. The language often used in the tweets seems to reinforce negative discourses of age and ageing that locate older adults as a disempowered, vulnerable and homogeneous group; old age is deemed a problem and ageing is considered something that needs to be resisted, slowed or disguised. These topics and discursive patterns are indeed similar to those found in empirical studies of social perceptions and traditional media portrayal of old age, which indicates that social media and Twitter in particular appears to serve as an online platform that reproduces and reinforces existing ageist discourses in traditional media that feed into social perceptions of ageing and older people.
Adolescents’ externalizing behaviors and antisocial text messaging across the broader peer network: Implications for socialization and selection effects
Authors: Ehrenreich Samuel E. , Meter Diana J. , Jouriles Ernest N. , Underwood Marion K.
Published: August 2019

Adolescents’ peer networks provide an important context that can contribute to increases in antisocial behavior. By a process called deviancy training, peers can both model and reinforce these behaviors, thereby conveying group norms about the acceptability of such behaviors. This research examined the relationship between the proportion of adolescents’ peers who exchanged antisocial text messages and externalizing behaviors during high school. In Study 1, parent-, teacher-, and self-reports of rule-breaking and aggression were collected for a sample of adolescents (n = 167, 80 girls; 22.2% Black, 51.5% Caucasian, 18.7% Hispanic) during the summers before and after 9th grade. Total text frequency, frequency of antisocial texts, and the proportion of the peer network who exchanged antisocial messages were examined as predictors of antisocial behavior. The proportion of peers who exchanged antisocial texts significantly predicted rule-breaking, but not aggression. Study 2 examined the direction of the relationship documented in Study 1 more thoroughly. Externalizing behaviors at 9th, 10th, and 11th grade were evaluated as predictors of the proportion of the peer network that exchanged texts about antisocial topics (n = 205, 98 girls; 22.4% Black, 53.7% Caucasian, 16.9% Hispanic). Externalizing behaviors predicted the proportion of adolescents’ peer network that exchanged antisocial texts in each of the subsequent years, but this proportion of the peer network exchanging antisocial communication did not predict subsequent externalizing behaviors. The findings suggest that the extent to which antisocial communication permeates the peer group is a selection effect.
BEFORE TEOTIHUACAN—ALTICA, EXCHANGE, INTERACTIONS, AND THE ORIGINS OF COMPLEX SOCIETY IN THE NORTHEAST BASIN OF MEXICO
Authors: Nichols Deborah L. , Stoner Wesley D.
Published: August 2019

For several decades, little research has been directed towards understanding the beginnings of complex society in the Teotihuacan Valley. Recent archaeological investigations at the Early–Middle Formative site of Altica provide a fresh perspective on dating the initial establishment of agricultural villages, early social and economic differentiation, and the development of intra-and interregional exchange networks to test comparative models of political economy.