bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Female urethral diverticula: An elusive pathology that can cause significant problems
Authors: Abbey Jessica , Hawary Amr
Published: November 2017

Female urethral diverticula are a rare pathology, although thought to be under-diagnosed. They can present with a large variety of symptoms, and can be complicated by stones or malignancy. Magnetic resonance imaging is widely accepted to be the best form of imaging for this condition, although voiding cystourethrogram studies are helpful in providing information on bladder function. Symptomatic patients should be treated surgically through urethral diverticulectomy.

Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
Subjective Experience of Illness Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Potì Silvia , Emiliani Francesca , Palareti Laura
Published: November 2017

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a chronic illness that has its onset in childhood or adolescence. It is determined by the insufficient production of insulin. The main therapies consist of replacement of the lacking insulin, diet, exercise, and glycemic control. If treatment is managed by parents in childhood, adherence seems to be a difficult issue during adolescence. In order to understand the subjective experience of the illness and treatment, the present study aims to investigate the patients’ subjective perspective by addressing a group of adolescents and young adults in pediatric care. A qualitative research design was adopted with semi-structured interviews, and later software thematic analysis was performed. Six core issues were deepened: family and health-care professional’s mediation support for self-management, adherence to treatments as a boring responsibility, disclosure problems in peer relationships, difficulty in becoming autonomous in a period of socioeconomic crisis, illness as concern for the future, and seeking a normal life in daily activities. The knowledge can be useful for designing more appropriate interventions that favor the active engagement of patients.
Lean Enough: Institutional Logics of Best Practice and Managerial Satisficing in American Manufacturing
Authors: Vidal Matt
Published: November 2017

Rational choice theory has been widely criticized for its unrealistic assumptions that individuals have perfect information and computer-like information processing capability, which are used to maximize utility. Sociological institutionalism and the behavioral theory of the firm have developed complementary alternatives. I combine the two into a single model of information processing. Institutional logics are central to top-down (schema-driven) processes that focus attention and guide action. Satisficing—settling for good enough based on a given aspiration level—is critical to bottom-up (feedback-driven) information processing. Here I show that two practices associated with the postfordist logic of the capitalist firm—lean production and worker empowerment—are deeply institutionalized as best practice in the American manufacturing field. Based on interviews with 109 individuals in 31 firms, I demonstrate how moderate aspiration levels and conceptual schemas associated with formerly dominant fordist institutional logics both function to limit the adoption of best practice.
The prevalence, incidence and prevention of Plasmodium falciparum infections in forest rangers in Bu Gia Map National Park, Binh Phuoc province, Vietnam: a pilot study
Authors: Son Do Hung , Thuy-Nhien Nguyen , von Seidlein Lorenz , Le Phuc-Nhi Truong , Phu Ngo Thi , Tuyen Nguyen Thi Kim , Tran Nguyen Huyen , Van Dung Nguyen , Van Quan Bui , Day Nicholas P. J. , Dondorp Arjen M. , White Nicholas J. , Thwaites Guy E. , Hien Tran Tinh
Published: November 2017

Background

Prophylaxis for high-risk populations, such as forest workers, could be one component for malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. A study was conducted to assess the malaria incidence in forest rangers and the feasibility of malaria prophylaxis for rangers sleeping in forest camps.

Methods

Forest rangers deployed in the Bu Gia Map National Park, Vietnam were invited to participate in the study. Plasmodium infections were cleared using presumptive treatment, irrespective of malaria status, with a 3-day course dihydroartemisinin/piperaquine (DP) and a 14-day course of primaquine. Before returning to the forest, study participants were randomly allocated to a 3-day course of DP or placebo. Fifteen days after returning from their forest deployment the participants were tested for Plasmodium infections using uPCR.

Results

Prior to treatment, 30 of 150 study participants (20%) were found to be infected with Plasmodium. Seventeen days (median) after enrolment the rangers were randomized to DP or placebo 2 days before returning to forest camps where they stayed between 2 and 20 days (median 9.5 days). One ranger in the DP-prophylaxis arm and one in the placebo arm were found to be infected with Plasmodium falciparum 15 days (median) after returning from the forest. The evaluable P. falciparum isolates had molecular markers indicating resistance to artemisinins (K13-C580Y) and piperaquine (plasmepsin), but none had multiple copies of pfmdr1 associated with mefloquine resistance.

Conclusion

Anti-malarial prophylaxis in forest rangers is feasible. The findings of the study highlight the threat of multidrug-resistant malaria.

Trial registration NCT02788864
Effects of Levothyroxine on Pregnant Women With Subclinical Hypothyroidism, Negative for Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies
Authors: Nazarpour Sima , Ramezani Tehrani Fahimeh , Simbar Masoumeh , Tohidi Maryam , Minooee Sonia , Rahmati Maryam , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: November 2017

Context

Currently, there is no consensus on universal thyroid screening and levothyroxine (LT4) treatment of pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) who are negative for thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb−).

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the benefits of LT4 treatment on pregnancy outcomes in SCH-TPOAb− women.

Design

This study was conducted within the framework of the Tehran Thyroid and Pregnancy Study. A single-blind randomized clinical trial was undertaken in pregnant women who were SCH-TPOAb−.

Setting

Prenatal care centers of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

Patients

Using the thyrotropin (TSH) cut point of 2.5 mIU/L, 366 SCH-TPOAb− and 1092 euthyroid TPOAb− women were recruited.

Intervention

SCH-TPOAb− women were randomly assigned to two groups: group A (n = 183) who were treated with LT4 and group B (n = 183) who received no treatment. A total of 1,028 euthyroid TPOAb− women served as the control group (group C).

Main Outcome Measure

The primary outcome was the rate of preterm delivery.

Results

Using the TSH cutoff of 2.5 mIU/L, no significant difference in preterm delivery was observed between groups A and B [relative risk (RR): 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47 to 1.55; P = 0.61]. However, log-binomial model analysis based on a cut point of 4.0 mIU/L demonstrated a significantly lower rate of preterm delivery in LT4-treated women compared with those who received no treatment (RR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.98; P = 0.04).

Conclusions

Despite no beneficial effect of LT4 therapy in reducing preterm delivery in SCH-TPOAb− women with a TSH cut point of 2.5 to 4 mIU/L, LT4 could precisely decrease this complication using the newly recommended cutoff ≥4.0 mIU/L.
Intraluminal valves: development, function and disease
Authors: Geng Xin , Cha Boksik , Mahamud Md. Riaj , Srinivasan R. Sathish
Published: November 2017

The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, which function in parallel to provide nutrients and remove waste from the body. Vascular function depends on valves, which regulate unidirectional fluid flow against gravitational and pressure gradients. Severe valve disorders can cause mortality and some are associated with severe morbidity. Although cardiac valve defects can be treated by valve replacement surgery, no treatment is currently available for valve disorders of the veins and lymphatics. Thus, a better understanding of valves, their development and the progression of valve disease is warranted. In the past decade, molecules that are important for vascular function in humans have been identified, with mouse studies also providing new insights into valve formation and function. Intriguing similarities have recently emerged between the different types of valves concerning their molecular identity, architecture and development. Shear stress generated by fluid flow has also been shown to regulate endothelial cell identity in valves. Here, we review our current understanding of valve development with an emphasis on its mechanobiology and significance to human health, and highlight unanswered questions and translational opportunities.
BRCA1 novel mutation V1736D and in silico analysis of SNP Q356R in Sudanese patients with breast cancer
Authors: Aabdein Mohamed Elmogtba Mouaweia Mohamed , Elimam Alsmawal Awad Mohammed , Altayb Hisham N. , Eldeen Mohamed El-Fatih Mohy , Gasemelseed Mosab Mohamed , FadlAlla Afra AbdElhamid , Osman Marwa Mohamed , Osman Soada Ahmed , Saeed Hajir Ali , Ali Mona ShamsAldeen , Siddig Tomador , Osman Reem Abdelrahman , Elhadi Rehab Ahmed , Hamid Muzamil Mahdi Abdel , Salih Mohamed Ahmed
Published: November 2017

Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. The BRCA1 deleterious mutation has a significant role in developing BC, and the risk has been estimated to be 46–87%. Many studies emphasize the need for mining BRCA1 gene mutations that might have a role in BC pathogenesis and could affect early disease onset. This study was conducted to screen for possible pathogenic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in BRCA1, targeting three regions: two in exon 11 and the third in exon 20.

Methods: 45 blood samples were collected from patients diagnosed with BC. DNA was extracted and selected regions were amplified by PCR using three sets of primers - two within exon 11 and one within exon 20 of BRCA1. Subsets of 10 samples were selected for each primer set (30 PCR products) and sequenced. Sequences were analyzed using various bioinformatics tools.

Results: Two missense mutations were found, Q356R (rs1799950) in one patient (27 years old) and a novel SNP, V1736D, in three premenopausal patients (≤45 years), which were located within exons 11 and 20, respectively. Both detected variants were heterozygous, a status found in all patients detected with such monoallelic variation. Both missense variants underwent in silico analysis. The well-known mutation, rs1799950, was predicted to alter the protein activity, conferred by a mutant residue (R-Arg), owing to the position with a bigger size and positive charge. The novel SNP, V1736D, was predicted to play a role in the pathogenesis of BC.

Conclusion: Both variants require further investigation, firstly to assess their contribution to BC and secondly to determine their potential diagnostic value when assessed in a larger population.
A review of data sharing statements in observational studies published in the BMJ: A cross-sectional study
Authors: McDonald Laura , Schultze Anna , Simpson Alex , Graham Sophie , Wasiak Radek , Ramagopalan Sreeram V.
Published: November 2017

In order to understand the current state of data sharing in observational research studies, we reviewed data sharing statements of observational studies published in a general medical journal, the British Medical Journal. We found that the majority (63%) of observational studies published between 2015 and 2017 included a statement that implied that data used in the study could not be shared. If the findings of our exploratory study are confirmed, room for improvement in the sharing of real-world or observational research data exists.
Amending published articles: time to rethink retractions and corrections?
Authors: Barbour Virginia , Bloom Theodora , Lin Jennifer , Moylan Elizabeth
Published: November 2017

Academic publishing is evolving and our current system of correcting research post-publication is failing, both ideologically and practically. It does not encourage researchers to engage in necessary post-publication changes in a consistent way. Worse yet, post-publication ‘updates’ can be misconstrued as punishments or admissions of misconduct.

We propose a different model that publishers of research can apply to the content they publish, ensuring that any post-publication amendments are seamless, transparent and propagated to all the countless places online where descriptions of research appear. At the center of our proposal is use of the neutral term “amendment” to describe all forms of post-publication change to an article.

We lay out a straightforward and consistent process that applies to each of three types of amendment that differ only in the extent to which the study is amended: minor, major, and complete. This proposed system supports the dynamic nature of the research process itself as researchers continue to refine or extend the work, and removes the emotive climate particularly associated with retractions and corrections to published work. It allows researchers to cite and share the most up-to-date and complete versions of articles with certainty, and gives decision makers access to the most up-to-date information. Crucially, however, we do not underestimate the importance of investigations of potential misconduct. This proposal allows two interrelated processes - amendment of articles and investigation of misconduct - to be uncoupled temporally, allowing a more rapid correction of the literature at a journal while institutional investigations take place, without either having to follow the others’ timeline.
Using biomarkers to predict TB treatment duration (Predict TB): a prospective, randomized, noninferiority, treatment shortening clinical trial
Authors: Chen Ray Y. , Via Laura E. , Dodd Lori E. , Walzl Gerhard , Malherbe Stephanus T. , Loxton André G. , Dawson Rodney , Wilkinson Robert J. , Thienemann Friedrich , Tameris Michele , Hatherill Mark , Diacon Andreas H. , Liu Xin , Xing Jin , Jin Xiaowei , Ma Zhenya , Pan Shouguo , Zhang Guolong , Gao Qian , Jiang Qi , Zhu Hong , Liang Lili , Duan Hongfei , Song Taeksun , Alland David , Tartakovsky Michael , Rosenthal Alex , Whalen Christopher , Duvenhage Michael , Cai Ying , Goldfeder Lisa C. , Arora Kriti , Smith Bronwyn , Winter Jill , Barry III Clifton E. ,   Predict TB Study Group
Published: November 2017

Background: By the early 1980s, tuberculosis treatment was shortened from 24 to 6 months, maintaining relapse rates of 1-2%. Subsequent trials attempting shorter durations have failed, with 4-month arms consistently having relapse rates of 15-20%. One trial shortened treatment only among those without baseline cavity on chest x-ray and whose month 2 sputum culture converted to negative. The 4-month arm relapse rate decreased to 7% but was still significantly worse than the 6-month arm (1.6%, P<0.01).  We hypothesize that PET/CT characteristics at baseline, PET/CT changes at one month, and markers of residual bacterial load will identify patients with tuberculosis who can be cured with 4 months (16 weeks) of standard treatment.

Methods: This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, phase 2b, noninferiority clinical trial of pulmonary tuberculosis participants. Those eligible start standard of care treatment. PET/CT scans are done at weeks 0, 4, and 16 or 24. Participants who do not meet early treatment completion criteria (baseline radiologic severity, radiologic response at one month, and GeneXpert-detectable bacilli at four months) are placed in Arm A (24 weeks of standard therapy). Those who meet the early treatment completion criteria are randomized at week 16 to continue treatment to week 24 (Arm B) or complete treatment at week 16 (Arm C). The primary endpoint compares the treatment success rate at 18 months between Arms B and C.

Discussion: Multiple biomarkers have been assessed to predict TB treatment outcomes. This study uses PET/CT scans and GeneXpert (Xpert) cycle threshold to risk stratify participants. PET/CT scans are not applicable to global public health but could be used in clinical trials to stratify participants and possibly become a surrogate endpoint. If the Predict TB trial is successful, other immunological biomarkers or transcriptional signatures that correlate with treatment outcome may be identified. Trial Registration: NCT02821832
Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-negative persons with partners living with HIV: uptake, use, and effectiveness in an open-label demonstration project in East Africa
Authors: Heffron Renee , Ngure Kenneth , Odoyo Josephine , Bulya Nulu , Tindimwebwa Edna , Hong Ting , Kidoguchi Lara , Donnell Deborah , Mugo Nelly R. , Bukusi Elizabeth A. , Katabira Elly , Asiimwe Stephen , Morton Jennifer , Morrison Susan , Haugen Harald , Mujugira Andrew , Haberer Jessica E. , Ware Norma C. , Wyatt Monique A. , Marzinke Mark A. , Frenkel Lisa M. , Celum Connie , Baeten Jared M. ,   The Partners Demonstration Project Team
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can provide high protection against HIV infection and is a recommended intervention for HIV-negative persons with substantial HIV risk, such as individuals with a partner living with HIV.  Demonstration projects of PrEP have been conducted in diverse settings worldwide to illustrate practical examples of how PrEP can be delivered. 

Methods: We evaluated delivery of PrEP for HIV-negative partners within heterosexual HIV serodiscordant couples in an open-label demonstration project in East Africa.  The delivery model integrated PrEP into HIV treatment services, prioritizing PrEP for HIV-negative partners within serodiscordant couples prior to and during the first 6 months after the partner living with HIV initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART).  We measured adherence to PrEP through medication event monitoring system (MEMS) bottle caps and quantification of tenofovir in plasma among a random sample of participants. We estimated HIV infections prevented using a counterfactual cohort simulated from the placebo arm of a previous PrEP clinical trial.

Results: We enrolled 1,010 HIV serodiscordant couples that were naïve to ART and PrEP.  Ninety-seven percent (97%) of HIV-negative partners initiated PrEP, and when PrEP was dispensed, objective measures suggest high adherence: 71% of HIV-negative participants took ≥80% of expected doses, as recorded via MEMS, and 81% of plasma samples had tenofovir detected.  A total of 4 incident HIV infections were observed (incidence rate=0.24 per 100 person-years), a 95% reduction (95% CI 86-98%, p<0.0001) in HIV incidence, relative to estimated HIV incidence for the population in the absence of PrEP integrated into HIV treatment services.  

Conclusions: PrEP uptake and adherence were high and incident HIV was rare in this PrEP demonstration project for African HIV-negative individuals whose partners were known to be living with HIV.  Delivery of PrEP to HIV-negative partners within HIV serodiscordant couples was feasible and should be prioritized for wide-scale implementation.
Evaluating integrated development: are we asking the right questions? A systematic review
Authors: Ahner-McHaffie Tessa W , Guest Greg , Petruney Tricia , Eterno Alexandra , Dooley Brian
Published: November 2017

Background: Emerging global transformations - including a new Sustainable Development Agenda - are revealing increasingly interrelated goals and challenges, poised to be addressed by similarly integrated, multi-faceted solutions. Research to date has focused on determining the effectiveness of these approaches, yet a key question remains: are synergistic effects produced by integrating two or more sectors?  We systematically reviewed impact evaluations on integrated development interventions to assess whether synergistic, amplified impacts are being measured and evaluated.

Methods: The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation’s (3ie) Impact Evaluation Repository comprised our sampling frame (n = 4,339). Following PRISMA guidelines, we employed a three-stage screening and review process.

Results: We identified 601 journal articles that evaluated integrated interventions. Seventy percent used a randomized design to assess impact with regard to whether the intervention achieved its desired outcomes. Only 26 of these evaluations, however, used a full factorial design, the only design capable of statistically detecting synergistic effects produced by integrating sectors. Of those, seven showed synergistic effects.

Conclusions: To date, evaluations of integrated development approaches have demonstrated positive impacts in numerous contexts, but gaps remain with regard to documenting whether integrated programming produces synergistic, amplified outcomes. Research on these program models needs to extend beyond impact only, and more explicitly examine and measure the synergies and efficiencies associated with linking two or more sectors. Doing so will be critical for identifying effective integrated development strategies that will help achieve the multi-sector SDG agenda.
Preparatory planning framework for Created Out of Mind: Shaping perceptions of dementia through art and science
Authors: Brotherhood Emilie , Ball Philip , Camic Paul M , Evans Caroline , Fox Nick , Murphy Charlie , Walsh Fergus , West Julian , Windle Gill , Billiald Sarah , Firth Nicholas , Harding Emma , Harrison Charles , Holloway Catherine , Howard Susanna , McKee-Jackson Roberta , Jones Esther , Junghaus Janette , Martin Harriet , Nolan Kailey , Rollins Bridie , Shapiro Lillian , Shapiro Lionel , Twigg Jane , van Leeuwen Janneke , Walton Jill , Warren Jason , Wray Selina , Yong Keir , Zeilig Hannah , Crutch Sebastian J.
Published: November 2017

Created Out of Mind is an interdisciplinary project, comprised of individuals from arts, social sciences, music, biomedical sciences, humanities and operational disciplines. Collaboratively we are working to shape perceptions of dementias through the arts and sciences, from a position within the Wellcome Collection. The Collection is a public building, above objects and archives, with a porous relationship between research, museum artefacts, and the public.  This pre-planning framework will act as an introduction to Created Out of Mind. The framework explains the rationale and aims of the project, outlines our focus for the project, and explores a number of challenges we have encountered by virtue of working in this way.
A Legal Cultural Model as a Theoretical Basis of Reintegration Strategies for ISIS Ex militants
Authors: Abel Liisa
Published: November 2017

The article analyses whether the prison system in Estonia when incarcerating former terrorists will be able to fulfil the objectives behind its execution of imprisonment. The main concern was that potential for resocialising an individual who does not feel or even want to be a member of the society in which he is incarcerated may not exist unless the integration process accounts for not only the aspects of (legal) culture that are familiar and known in the society where the person is incarcerated but also those that are essential for the prisoner’s sense of belonging. To understand what helps to reintegrate former terrorists and draw them back from violent extremism, one must grasp which aspects of (legal) culture might have influenced their radical ideology. To address this, the author uses the specific legal-cultural model provided by Professor Jørn Øyrehagen Sunde for ascertaining those bearings. The conclusion is that integrating a prisoner who holds a radical ideology rooted in the major world religion Islam into Estonian society involves an integration interlace between two different cultures and, furthermore, that the ultimate success of the reintegration programmes largely depends on the ‘after-care’ measures. Hence, even if there is a possibility of providing adequate teacher training and the experts agree that the person is highly reintegrated when leaving prison, the question remains of whether Estonia has the financial resources to ensure all the measures required for the former terrorist to lead a law-abiding life outside prison.
How to Avoid De-professionalisation of the Police
Authors: Suve Priit
Published: November 2017

Police reforms in Europe in recent decades have demonstrated that most such reform is loosely linked to problems of safety and that it seldom, if ever, captures police strategies. Reasons for reforms to police structures and operations lie hidden in the economy, politics, or some other domain rather than that of public order or crime – the realm that traditionally is associated with the police. Efficiency- or effectiveness-driven reforms that ignore safety-specific strategies of the police and policing push the police to be more like the average public organisation instead of a professional player in the field of safety. At the same time, the wickedness of safety problems demands of the police more sophisticated knowledge about policing, along with an organisation that is capable of responding to the task environment and implementing various changes on its basis. The article elaborates on ideas about the organisational and strategic conditions that, irrespective of the causes or directions of future police reforms, are necessary for avoiding de-professionalisation and for keeping the police in line with the institution’s core mission.
Underserved Populations and Information Underload Workgroup Report
Authors: Asamoah-Hassan Helena , Cumming Sioux , Gedye Richard , Murray Susan , Neupane Bhanu , Nwagwu Williams , Richards Talmesha , Winker Margaret
Published: November 2017

A new issue for OSI2017, this workgroup will focus on the unique challenges faced by the global south, the global diversity of scholarly communication, and the different issues, challenges and opportunities in both underserved regions of the world and underserved segments (like small colleges and small research firms). This group will also follow up on the information underload issue explored in OSI2016 (specific to research).
Standards, Norms, and Best Practices Workgroup Report
Authors: Gluck Michelle , Ho Adrian K. , Kalfatovic Martin R. , Mellor David , Page Louise , Schofield Brianna , Wilson Emma
Published: November 2017

What standards, norms, best practices, exit strategies, and incentive systems does the world of scholarly communications need? What is the future ideal? What will it take (including studies or pilots) to develop a better understanding of how the scholarly communication system works now? This workgroup will also necessarily touch on norms and definitions, so will include discussions as warranted about open and impact spectrums as covered in OSI2016.
Rogue Solutions & New Open Resources Workgroup Report
Authors: Alexander Bryan , Bjørnshauge Lars , Corbett Hillary , Erdmann Christopher , Gwinn Nancy , Oakley Meg , Peters Paul , Reller Tom , Stoddard Morgan
Published: November 2017

What are the impacts of Sci-Hub and other rogue solutions on open access and what is the future of this approach, which may be gaining new mainstream support (noting for instance Wellcome’s recent funding of ResearchGate). What new resources should the scholarly community develop (and how) that would be useful and legal additions to our progress toward open (a new blacklist for instance, or new repositories)? This group will also integrate (to the extent possible) ideas raised by the information overload workgroup from OSI 2016.
Ocio y desarrollo juvenil
Authors: Cuenca Jaime , Madariaga Aurora
Published: November 2017

Este número monográfico recoge los datos de un amplio estudio en torno al ocio y el desarrollo juvenil a nivel estatal en el que hemos participado seis universidades españolas, realizado a partir de una muestra representativa con participantes de edades comprendidas entre los 16 y los 18 años. La investigación ha estado dirigida a conocer cuáles son las prácticas de ocio identificadas como más significativas por la población objeto de estudio, para poder correlacionarlas con datos relativos a la gobernanza de los espacios en que se desarrollan, la gestión de los tiempos que se les dedican, los beneficios psicosociales que los sujetos perciben derivarse de ellas, así como con información acerca de la compañía de referencia en cada uno de sus repertorios de actividades.
Serious and casual leisure activities in the construction of young adult identity: a study based on participants’ self-descriptions
Authors: Codina Nuria , Pestana José Vicente , Stebbins Robert Alan
Published: November 2017

Leisure activities and identity interact and structure young people’s lives. Empirical research on such interaction is scarce and contradictory. This paper explores the relationships between leisure activities with different levels of commitment (serious, casual) and identity traits. A total of 938 young people (476 men and 462 women) aged 18 to 24 (M = 21.13; DT = 1.98) completed a time budget (TB) and a self-description questionnaire about identity based on the Twenty-Statements Test, as well an association between the TB and the self-descriptions. The study shows the complementarity of serious and casual leisure in the formation of youth identities and gender differences.
La experiencia de ocio en familia de jóvenes estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria postobligatoria
Authors: Doistua Nebreda Joseba , Lázaro Fernández Yolanda , Bru Ronda Concepción
Published: November 2017

Este artículo pretende resaltar la importancia de las experiencias de ocio compartidas con la familia, entre otros, como ámbito de desarrollo juvenil, tomando en consideración la principal actividad de ocio de la juventud. Se analiza de manera comparada el grupo que realiza dicha actividad en familia, frente a aquellos que la realizan con otras personas, en relación al tipo de prácticas, beneficios percibidos, su vida familiar y la importancia que estas dan al ocio de sus hijos e hijas. Se realiza a través de la explotación de un cuestionario, con una muestra de jóvenes que cursan enseñanzas secundarias postobligatorias.
Satisfacción de las personas jóvenes con las actividades de ocio entre pares
Authors: Kleiber Douglas Alfred , Lazcano Quintana Idurre , Madariaga Ortuzar Aurora , Muriel Daniel
Published: November 2017

El artículo parte de la hipótesis de que aquellas personas jóvenes que tienen un mayor grado de responsabilidad en la organización de sus actividades de ocio presentan mayores niveles de satisfacción con la práctica, favoreciendo que estas sean actividades relevantes en sus vidas. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: (a) identificar las prácticas de ocio más significativas que tienen lugar en el grupo de pares y, (b) analizar si determinadas actividades de ocio entre pares inciden en la satisfacción e identificación de experiencias valiosas, y por último (c) comprobar si las personas jóvenes que participan en la organización de estas experiencias valiosas presentan una mayor satisfacción, disfrute e importancia en las actividades practicadas.
Desarrollo personal mediante la actividad física. Percepción de los jóvenes españoles según áreas geográficas
Authors: Saenz de Jubera Ocón Magdalena , Sanz Arazuri Eva , Isidori Emanuele
Published: November 2017

Constatado el valor educativo de la actividad física de ocio para el desarrollo personal y social de los jóvenes, este estudio pretende analizar dicha práctica y la percepción de éstos sobre el desarrollo humano atendiendo a la zona geográfica donde estudian. Se adopta un enfoque metodológico de carácter cuantitativo, desarrollado mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a una muestra de 1764 estudiantes. Se evidencia la existencia de discrepancias con las aportaciones de estudios similares en la identificación de factores prioritarios para la práctica de actividad física, y que la zona geográfica es un factor diferenciador en las atribuciones que estos jóvenes le conceden.
An Analysis of Interaction Design in Children's Games Based on Computational Thinking
Authors: Pontual Falcão Taciana , Barbosa Rafael Santos , Gomes Tancicleide Simões
Published: November 2017

INTRODUCTION: Several digital games that aim at developing computational thinking in children have emerged in the last few years, as the importance of such ability is increasingly being recognized. Nevertheless, there are no appropriate methods to determine the quality of these games, which hinders their adoption in formal education settings. OBJECTIVES: The general goal of this research is to contribute to the development of a specific evaluation method for children's games that involve computational thinking. In this sense, the specific objective of this paper is to identify which pedagogical and technical aspects of children's interaction with this type of game are proved relevant for developing computational thinking. METHODS: An analysis of two games based on the logic of programming was performed through empirical observation of children's exploratory interaction, in the light of heuristics for interface usability, consisting thus of a combination of formative and objective evaluation. RESULTS: Analysis showed that the game's environment for experimenting with programming commands and visualizing the consequent effects was not sufficient for effective guidance, revealing the need for a human mediator. The main aspects identified as needing improvement were the forms of instruction provided to the child; the design of visual representations of commands, which embed key logical concepts; the correspondence between children's context and expectations and the games' simulated world. CONCLUSION: Results point to directions for the creation of specific parameters and adapted heuristics for evaluation of games based on programming logic for children. In particular the main open question is how to design a game so that computational thinking concepts are implicit conditions to solve challenges, making the process engaging but above all leading to the construction of complex concepts such as parameterized commands.
Metodologia baseada em sala de Aula invertida e Resolução de Problemas relacionado ao cotidiano dos estudantes: uma proposta para ensinar programação para iniciantes
Authors: Giraffa Lucia Maria Martins , Müller Luana
Published: November 2017

INTRODUCTION: This paper presents the lessons learned from a methodology created to support the teaching of programming for beginners based on Flipped Classroom and Problem Solving approaches using a virtual classroom and exercises linked with student leisure interests. OBJECTIVES: To help students stay on schedule and avoid discipline drop out. METHODOLOGY: we created a virtual classroom with different resources with videos, code examples, and exercises statements that allowed us to approach the interests of the students through situations anchored in their leisure habits. RESULTS: options and possibilities to integrate multiple spaces and tools on the Internet, examples of exercises related to the daily life of the students.
Objetualidades vulnerales: una mirada desde los Estudios Visuales
Authors: Lucero María Elena
Published: November 2017

Dentro de un contexto internacional que impulsó la abstracción, el informalismo y la experimentación matérica, y tras la presentación de Arte Destructivo en la Galería Lirolay de Buenos Aires en 1961, algunos artistas argentinos ensayaron la utilización de elementos precarios ensamblados, con grosores y texturas pictóricas. Durante los sesenta Rubén Santantonín construyó un conjunto de obras denominadas por él mismo «cosas», y a comienzos de la década siguiente Víctor Grippo comenzó a trabajar con papas, cables y metales. En este artículo consideraremos los trabajos de Santantonín y de Grippo en el marco de los aportes teóricos de los Estudios Visuales, destacando aquellas bases materiales que convierten sus producciones en objetualidades vulnerables, inmersas en una estética vigorosa y sensible.Palabras clave: Rubén Santantonín - Víctor Grippo - Estudios Visuales – objetualidades - vulnerabilidad.
Entre literatura y danza: un estudio semiótico de la transposición de El Quijote
Authors: Dolzani Sofía
Published: November 2017

Hay textos que consiguieron circular masivamente durante una época en un determinado espacio y que, con el paso del tiempo, han sido transpuestos a diferentes sistemas de lenguajes. Tal es el caso del El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha de Miguel de Cervantes. En función de esto, desde el campo de estudios semióticos hemos abordado un caso particular de transposición: la del texto literario al texto espectacular Don Quijote, presentado por la compañía Dutch National Ballet en los años 2010, 2011 y 2012; preguntándonos a efectos de qué se establece la relación entre ambos.En el proceso de transposición se producen paralelismos de lectura evidenciando, por un lado, un sistema de equivalencias directas y, por otro, desvíos y diferencias, los cuales fundan la condición diferencial del texto transpuesto. Así, nos hemos centrado en el análisis de algunos aspectos temáticos y del paradigma narrativo, de manera que fuera posible dar cuenta del proceso de transposición. Puesto que es gracias a esto que el texto transpuesto produce sentido y adquiere significación, impactando en la enciclopedia de la cultura que nos condice como sujetos.
Galceran x Piñeyro: una transposición del teatro al cine
Authors: Dillon Alfredo
Published: November 2017

El artículo propone un estudio comparado de la obra teatral El método Grönholm, del dramaturgo catalán Jordi Galceran, con su transposición cinematográfica: El método (2006), del director argentino Marcelo Piñeyro. Se analizan los procedimientos de transformación de la configuración espacial, la construcción de los personajes, los desplazamientos genéricos y el desenlace. También se abordan los modos de vinculación que cada texto establece con su respectivo contexto histórico y se problematiza el tratamiento alegórico de las relaciones sociales bajo el neoliberalismo.
Memoria y autoficción en Todos éramos hijos, de María Rosa Lojo.
Authors: Ganuza Alicia Josefina
Published: November 2017

La memoria se conjuga con la autoficción en un anovela histórica que propone sentidos de lectura hasta ahora no incursionados en la narrativa argentina
¿Por qué traducir los (no tan) clásicos? Traducciones argentinas de textos latinos
Authors: Chialva Ivana , Frank Milena
Published: November 2017

Prólogo al dossier con los criterios de selección de los autores y traducciones contenidos allí.
Saberes migrantes
Authors: Vallejos Oscar Ramón
Published: November 2017

Se caracteriza la naturaleza de la nueva sección de la revista El Hilo de la Fábula y se la ubica en una nueva problemática de los estudios comparados
Presentación
Authors: B O
Published: November 2017

Presentación y epígrafe
Growing Lemon Trees from Lemons: Lessons Reaped from a SoTL Faculty Learning Community's Research "Failures"
Authors: Dich Linh , Brown Karen M , Kuznekoff Jeff H , Conover Theresa , Forren John P , Marshall Janet
Published: November 2017

Failure can be central to faculty research; however, failure produces a vehicle for learning. Through an interdisciplinary faculty community, the authors supported each other in facing, learning from, and overcoming “failed” aspects of research projects. This article reports obstacles encountered in conducting Scholarship of Teaching and Learning research and the role of a faculty learning community in overcoming these challenges. Research pitfalls included lack of student participants, non-significant findings, expectations for understanding related course content, technology issues, use of deception, determining the research question, and managing bias. Ultimately, the faculty learning community engendered a foundation for successful research projects by shared inquiry into these research “failures.”
Enhancing Student Altruism Using Secure Attachment Messages (SAM) in Lecture
Authors: Campbell Kelly , Ramos Stephany
Published: November 2017

In this brief report, we examine whether students’ (N=230) willingness to help individuals in distress (altruism) would be augmented after viewing Secure Attachment Messages (SAM) during lecture in a college course. Students were presented with SAM in alternating weeks as part of the PowerPoint presentation slides. In each of the 10 weeks, their likelihood of engaging in altruistic behaviors was assessed using hypothetical scenarios and a student response system, Top Hat Monocle.  We predicted that the SAM would prompt students to think of their attachment figures and enhance their feelings of security, which would increase their willingness to engage in altruistic behaviors. Our hypothesis was statistically supported in that students reported greater altruism toward individuals of various ethnic backgrounds on days for which SAM were shown in lecture. The results suggest that SAM may promote prosocial tendencies, particularly in classes with sensitive subject matter.
Getting an Honest Answer: Clickers in the Classroom
Authors: Levy Dan , Yardley Joshua , Zeckhauser Richard
Published: November 2017

Asking students to raise their hands is a time-honored feedback mechanism in education. Hand raising allows the teacher to assess to what extent a concept has been understood, or to see where the class stands on a particular issue, and then to proceed with the lesson accordingly. For many types of questions, as the evidence here demonstrates, the tally from a public show of hands misrepresents the true knowledge or preferences of the class. The biases are predictable and systematic. Specifically, students raising their hands tend to herd and vote with the majority answer. Beyond impeding the teacher’s ability to assess her class, such herding threatens to diminish learning by limiting the level to which a student engages with the questions posed by the teacher.
Analisa Perancangan Pada Produk Kaki Tiruan Atas Lutut tipe four bar linkage
Authors: Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: November 2017

Hilangnya sebagian alat gerak akan menyebabkan ketidakmampuan seseorang untuk melakukan aktivitas dalam derajat yang bervariasi. Untuk membantu kasus amputasi atas lutut diperlukan kaki tiruan atas lutut atau sering disebut sebagai above knee prosthesis (AKP) yang memiliki sendi lutut tiruan yang menyerupai sendi lutut asli. Produk AKP menghendaki fleksibilitas gerak, kenyamanan, fungsi kaki yang optimal dan kemudahan pengaturan. Artikel ini menunjukkan karakteristik perancangan AKP tipe four bar linkage yang dapat memenuhi ketiga fungsi tersebut. Kajian dilakukan terhadap penentuan dimensi berdasarkan analisa kinematis, distribusi beban dalam satu siklus gerak kaki (gait cylce) orang berjalan normal dan analisa tegangan von Mises menggunakan  finite element method (FEM) pada beban statis dengan beban 1000 N pada sudut titik mati transfemoral prosthesis. Studi kasus yang dianalisa adalah produk AKP No. 3 dan 4 yang telah dibuat. Dari hasil kajian produk AKP No. 3 dan 4 tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan karakteristik perancangan
Optimalisasi Kekerasan dan Struktur Mikro Baja Karbon Sedang pada Bucket Teeth Excavator Menggunakan Metode Taguchi dan Anova
Authors: Setiyana Budi
Published: November 2017

Bucket teeth excavator merupakan bagian dari excavator yang sering mengalami keausan dan patah dimana umunya menggunakan material baja karbon sedang. Pada penelitian kali ini, material yang digunakan adalah baja AISI 1045 dengan unsur karbon 0,48% dan cara untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanisnya dengan melakukan proses heat treatement. Metode Taguchi digunakan untuk mendapatkan heat treatment terbaik dengan variasi percobaan berupa temperatur hardening, quenching, tempering dan waktu penahanannya, sedangkan metode ANOVA digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh heat treatment terhadap materialnya. Hasil dari kombinasi percobaan didapatkan heat treatment terbaik dengan hardening 845°C, media quenching air, tempering 200°C dengan waktu penahanan 60 menit. Hasil nya terjadi peningkatan nilai kekerasan dari 25 HRC meningkat menjadi 59,6 HRC, pada mikro strutur material telah terbentuk martensit dimana kekerasannya cukup tinggi dan keuletanya cukup baik, sementara laju keausan pada material dari 2.39036E-05 mm2/kg turun menjadi 5.37094E-06 mm2/kg. Untuk mengetahui volume yang hilang maka dilakukan uji aus dengan 100.000 kali siklus didapatkan 1.123,335 mm3 dengan kehilangan massa sebesar 7 gram. Pada pengujian perbandingan uji komposisi dan kekerasan terhadap produk yang ada dipasaran, material menggunakan baja AISI 1045 lebih baik dibandingkan dengan produk yang ada dipasaran saat ini.
Uji Terbang Autonomous Low Cost Fixed Wing UAV Menggunakan PID Compensator
Authors: Ariyanto Mochammad , Setiawan Joga D. , Munadi Munadi , Parabowo Teguh
Published: November 2017

Pengguna UAV pada umumnya terbagi ke dalam dua kelompok, yaitu pengguna yang menggunakan UAV buatan pabrik dan pengguna yang membuat UAV sendiri. Pengguna yang membangun UAV sendiri harus mendesain, menghitung performa aerodinamika, dan membuat (memanufaktur) UAV-nya sendiri. Selain itu, mereka harus menentukan komponen-komponen mekanis dan elektris dimana yang dibutuhkan agar UAV dapat beroperasi sesuai dengan performa yang diharapkan. Membangun UAV membutuhkan biaya yang lebih murah daripada membeli UAV buatan pabrik. Pada pengembangan UAV diperlukan proses desain, pembuatan (manufaktur), dan uji terbang berkali-kali hingga performa UAV saat terbang mengikuti tracking secara autonomous yang baik. Pada penelitian ini, sebuah fixed-wing UAV akan didesain dan dibuat dengan menggunakan material yang murah (low cost). Setelah fixed wing UAV telah dibuat, maka akan dilakukan pengujian terbang menggunakan kontrol PID. Fixed wing UAV yang telah dikembangkan akan dilakukan uji terbang secara autonomous untuk mengikuti tracking terhadap perintah yang diberikan. Perintah Trajectory yang harus diikuti oleh UAV berupa persegi panjang dengan ketinggian 100 m. Berdasarkan hasil uji terbang, sebuah fixed-wing UAV telah berhasil didesain dan dibuat dengan material yang murah dan dapat melakukan terbang secara autonomus mengikuti perintah trajectory yang diberikan menggunakan PID compensator.
Pengembangan Equivalent Plate Model Guna Analisis Dinamis Struktur Wing-Box dengan Material Komposit
Authors: Haryanto Ismoyo , Reni Reni , Widodo Achmad
Published: November 2017

Pada penelitian ini analisis getaran bebas dilakukan pada struktur wing-box yang dibuat menggunakan material komposit. Analisis yang didasrkan pada Equivalent-plate model dengan first-order shear deformation theory berdasarkan Reissner-Mindlin dilakukan untuk mendapatkan frekuensi pribadi dan modus getar dari struktur sayap pesawat udara tersebut. Pada studi ini wing-box yang ditinjau dimodelkan terdiri dari laminat yang tidak simetris. Persamaan gerak diturunkan dari Persamaan Lagrange untuk getaran bebas. Validasi dilakukan pada hasil analisa terhadap data yang diperoleh pada literatur. Hasil validasi menunjukkan kesesuaian antara hasil analisa yang dilakukan terhadap data pada literatur
Isolation of Aggressive Behavior Mutants in Drosophila Using a Screen for Wing Damage
Authors: Davis Shaun M , Thomas Amanda L , Liu Lingzhi , Campbell Ian M , Dierick Herman A
Published: November 2017

Genetic screens have been extremely fruitful to identify mechanistic components in a broad range of biological processes. Aggressive behavior has largely...

Aggression is a complex social behavior that is widespread in nature. To date, only a limited number of genes that affect aggression have been identified, in large part because the complexity of the phenotype makes screening difficult and time-consuming regardless of the species that is studied. We discovered that aggressive group-housed Drosophila melanogaster males inflict damage on each other’s wings, and show that wing damage negatively affects their ability to fly and mate. Using this wing-damage phenotype, we screened males from ∼1400 chemically mutagenized strains and found ∼40 mutant strains with substantial wing damage. Five of these mutants also had increased aggressive behavior. To identify the causal mutation in one of our top aggressive strains, we used whole-genome sequencing and genomic duplication rescue strategies. We identified a novel mutation in the voltage-gated potassium channel Shaker (Sh) and show that a nearby previously identified Sh mutation also results in increased aggression. This simple screen can be used to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying aggression.