bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physiocochemical and Hydrodynamic Aspects of Fines and Fillers Retention
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, van de Ven T.G.M.
Published: March 2024

From the results of model studies on well-characterized systems, valuable conclusions can be drawn regarding several phenomena occurring in papermaking suspensions relevant to fines and fillers retention. We have shown that long range hydrodynamic interactions are operating between small particles (such as fillers) and spheroids (such as fibers) subjected to simple shear, preventing small particles from approaching large ones to within distances where colloidal forces become important. We can expect similar effects in papermaking suspensions, resulting in very low efficiencies for the deposition of fillers or fines on fibers. The efficiency can be improved by high molecular weight polymers which adsorb on the particles and can reduce the minimum distance of approach between a filler and a fiber. From model experiments on the deposition of T102 particles on cellophane, it can be concluded that the electrostatic forces also play an important role in fines and fillers retention. Usually no deposition occurs far below a critical deposition concentration (CDC) of electrolyte, slow deposition occurs just before the CDC and fast deposition above the CDC. Charged polymers, such as cationic polyelectrolytes, are most effective in retention because they can reduce the gap between a filler and a fiber during an encounter, and they ensure that electrostatic repulsion is negligible. Resides increasing the efficiency of deposition, retention aids can also increase the bond strength between a filler and a fiber, thus preventing or minimizing the rupture of fiber-filler bonds.
Response of Pulp Fibres to Mechanical Treatment during MC Fluidization
Authors:   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada and Department of Chemical Engineering, Pulp and Paper Centre, The University of British Columbia, Bennington C. P. J. , Seth R. S. ,   Pulp and Paper Research Institute of Canada and Department of Chemical Engineering, Pulp and Paper Centre, The University of British Columbia
Published: March 2024

Medium consistency (MC) unit operations are becoming increasingly widespread in pulping and bleaching processes. Many MC devices, notably MC pumps, mixers and screens,rely on creation of a fluid-like state in the pulp suspension. This fluidization requires the dissipation of considerable energy and exposes the pulp fibres to mechanical treatment. The treatment alters pulp physical properties. The changes in properties of a never-dried semi-bleached softwood kraft pulp with mechanical treatment were determined in a batch operated concentric-cylinder device. A fluid-like state was created in medium and low consistency pulp suspensions with treatment energy varying up to 10 MJ/kg pulp. The treatment energies encompassed the range used in mill and batch laboratory operations and the extensive exposure given during batch MC fluidization studies. MC treatment was found to beat, curl and microcompress the pulp fibres. The implications of MC treatment in mill devices are discussed.
A New Interﬁbre System for Paper Involving Zwitterions
Authors:   University of Washington, Chemical Engineering and College of Forest Resources, Allan G. G. , Delgado E. ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, López-Dellamary F. ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Instituto de Madera, Celulosa y Papel
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the effects of the natural ability of the fibres to bond and the introduction of moieties able to provide balanced ionic interactions, on the dry and wet mechanical properties of paper. Thus, the effects of the introduction of zwitterionic moieties (i.e. amino acids coupled with s-triazines) onto the surface of the fibers and their interaction are interpreted in the light of accepted theories of dry and wet paper strength and the topology of the location of the zwitterionic sites. The tensile strength and other mechanical properties of paper made with the zwitterionic fibers are reported. Paper made from zwitterionic fibers retain more than 35% of their dry strength after being immersed in water for weeks. The importance of these results is considerable when it is realized that no wet strength resins are being used. The benefits of zwitterionic bonding in papermaking are briefly discussed.
The Effect of Recycling on the Fines Contribution to Selected Paper Properties
Authors:   Institute of Paper Science and Technology Atlanta, Georgia, Waterhouse John F. , Omori Keiichi ,   Institute of Paper Science and Technology Atlanta, Georgia
Published: March 2024

The impact of fines from various sources on selected physical and mechanical properties of paper has been examined. In the first of two experiments, the influence of fines was determined by producing two fines free pulps from furnishes which had been refined to 600 ml and 290 ml CSF. Fines removal had a detrimental effect on most properties at a given level of densification including: formation, in-plane and out-of-plane elastic properties, and normal span tensile strength. Densification either by refining, wet pressing, or fines addition resulted in an increase in sheet roughness; this is tentatively attributed to an increase in nonuniform shrinkage in the thickness direction of the sheet. Fines removal gave a more porous sheet particularly at the higher level of refining. Zero span strength or the ultimate strength of the sheet increased with sheet densification, being largely independent of how that densification was produced. Fines type and addition level were investigated in the second set of experiments. Fines, up to a level of 30%, were added to a fines-free furnish 740ml CSF. Primary fines are those present in an unrefined virgin pulp, and secondary fines are those produced by refining. “Primary” fines are those fines present after repulping recycled paper, and include both primary and secondary fines. “Secondary”fines are the fines generated by refining a fines-free “primary” pulp. It was inferred, from drainage measurements, that the secondary fines had a greater hydrodynamic surface area and were, therefore, more effective than primary fines in enhancing sheet densification and some properties. Furthermore, “secondary”(H)fines, which had been produced from handsheets which had undergone more extensive wet pressing and drying, were, surprisingly, even more effective than the control fines and “secondary” fines. The behavior of newprint fines from preconsumer waste was similar to that produced by primary fines. It is clear that fines, defined as material passing a 200 mesh screen, are inadequate to characterize their impact on paper properties. This agrees with the findings of Hawes and Doshi (L6).
Surface Force Measurement in Papermaking Systems
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Auburn University, Neuman Ronald D.
Published: March 2024

The surface force technique, whereby the forces acting between two solid surfaces immersed in liquids or in adhesive contact are directly measured, represents a novel approach for both fundamental and application-oriented studies of the surface and colloid science of papermaking. The nature and measurement of surface forces are briefly discussed, and some results reported for mica surfaces are reviewed in order to illustrate the surface chemical information obtainable using a conventional Israelachvili-type surface force apparatus. In the case of cellulose surfaces immersed in water and aqueous electrolyte solutions the measured force vs. distance profile is characterized by three regimes. Significantly, conventional DLVO theory cannot explain the interaction forces measured between cellulose surfaces. Electrostatic double-layer forces, as anticipated, dominate the long-range interactions. However, as the two cellulose surfaces begin to “contact” each other, there is an interplay of steric and electrostatic forces due to dangling tails of cellulose chains. The observed force curves, therefore, are interpreted in terms of a new model — the “dangling tail” model — of the cellulose surface, namely, the water-swollen cellulose surface has long and weakly charged cellulose chains or “molecularfibrils” which extend into the aqueous solution. In addition, the application of the surface force technique to basic problems in the adsorption of polymers, both cationic polyelectrolytes and hemicelluloses, and the colloidal stability of kaolin suspensions is illustrated. The advantages of using a new type of surface force apparatus in future studies of surface and physicochemical phenomena relevant to paper manufacturing, coating and recycling are also briefly discussed.
A Structural Approach to Paper Surface Compressibility – Relationship with Printing Characteristics
Authors:   PAPRICAN, Mangin P. J. , Béland M.-C. ,   PAPRICAN, Cormier L. M. ,   PAPRICAN
Published: March 2024

Three-dimensional topographical maps of paper surfaces under load have been quantified using the confocal laser scanning microscopy. Distributions of the paper surface pores of the same area under different loads were evaluated by the Equivalent Surface Pore (ESP). The ESP roughness of the uncompressed and compressed surfaces of TMP and bleached kraft papers, calendered to the same Print-Surf roughness with different calendering processes, were used to evaluate the local static compressibility of these paper surfaces. Assuming an exponential decay of roughness with pressure, the local static compressibility is defined as the slope of the roughness as a function of the logarithm of the applied pressure. Upon calendering, the local compressibility of the paper surface decreases. The compressibility after calendering depends both on the calendering process and on the furnish. The stiffer TMP fibres present more residual compressibility than the kraft fibres, already pre-collapsed in the uncalendered sheet. The surface compressibility increases with the internal pore volume. The calendered papers were gravure printed at different printing pressures and the number of missing dots counted. A theory is developed which links roughness to ink coverage. It is proposed that roughness is linearly related to the logarithm of the number of missing dots where the slope represents the surface compressibility. Theoretical derivations have been experimentally verified. It was also found that the static roughness is linearly related to the dynamic roughness.
Paper Beyond 2000
Authors:   STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, Alsholm Olle
Published: March 2024

The pulp and paper industry has a fantastic potential to become the first and possibly the only truly “evergreen” industry. Our raw material is renewable, we apply sustainable forest operations, within the next decade our mills will be ecologically balanced, and our products are non-toxic and recyclable. It is up to ourselves to “do-it-ourselves”, to take charge and to find new solutions which will prepare us for a future full of trend-breaks. The key is knowledge and competence. Our fundamental task is to build up the knowledge-base that will be necessary if we are to proceed and if we want success.
Comportamiento vegetativo-generativo de tomate y chile dulce hidropónico en invernadero, sometidos a agotamiento hídrico.
Authors: Soto Bravo Freddy , Betancourt Flores Alejandro
Published: March 2024

Introducción. El uso de agua dulce en agricultura se encuentra limitado debido al deterioro de sus fuentes y su uso indiscriminado. El riego deficitario en agricultura protegida es una alternativa para mejorar la eficiencia en el uso del agua, a través de la reducción de la evapotranspiración del cultivo, sin comprometer su potencial productivo. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de 3 niveles de agotamiento del contenido de humedad volumétrica en un sustrato de fibra de coco, sobre el comportamiento vegetativo-generativo de los cultivos de tomate y chile dulce hidropónicos en invernadero. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en la Estación Experimental Agrícola Fabio Baudrit Moreno, Alajuela, Costa Rica. En ambos cultivos se aplicaron 3 tratamientos con 11, 22 y 32% de agotamiento hídrico en el sustrato, en un diseño experimental en bloques completos al azar. Se evaluaron parámetros morfofisiológicos y productivos tales como área foliar (AF), número de hojas (NH), ancho (AH) y longitud de hoja (LH), longitud (LT) y diámetro del tallo (DT), número de nudos (NN), materia seca (MS), conductancia estomática (gs), evapotranspiración del cultivo (ETc), eficiencia de uso de agua (EUA), rendimiento de fruto comercial (Rc) de primera (F1), segunda (F2) y tercera (F3), fruto de desecho (Fd) y rendimiento total (Rt). Conclusión. En ambos cultivos, los tratamientos con 11 y 22% de agotamiento hídrico evidenciaron un adecuado balance entre crecimiento vegetativo y productivo, que se reflejó en mayor producción de frutos comerciales de mejor calidad, menos desecho y mayor EUA.
Incremento de la fijación biológica de nitrógeno y el crecimiento de la soya (Glycine max) mediante el uso de hongos solubilizadores de fósforo
Authors: Castro Barquero Leida
Published: March 2024

Introducción. La soya establece una simbiosis con Bradyrhizobium japonicum para fijar N atmosférico. La coinoculación con otros microorganismos promotores del crecimiento (MPC) puede incrementar la Fijación Biológica de Nitrógeno (FBN) y el crecimiento de las plantas. Objetivo. Determinar si la inoculación con los hongos solubilizadores de P (SP), Aspergillus flavus (S1) y Trichoderma longibrachiatum (S2), afecta variables de crecimiento y de FBN en soya. Materiales y métodos. En un Andisol y un Ultisol en invernadero, se evaluaron variables de crecimiento y FBN en soya inoculada con B. japonicum y 2 SP. Se evaluaron 5 tratamientos: un testigo absoluto (T), adición de roca fosfórica (RF), adición de RF e inoculación con B. japonicum (BRF) y la adición de RF, B. japonicumy los 2 SP de manera independiente (BRFS1 y BRFS2). Se estableció un diseño irrestricto al azar con 4 repeticiones y los datos se analizaron según la normalidad, con ANDEVA y DGC al 5% o Kruskal Wallis al 5%. Resultados. Se obtuvo un efecto positivo sobre las variables evaluadas, cuando la soya se inoculó con los SP además de B. japonicum. El efecto fue tendencia en el Andisol, para las variables peso fresco aéreo y número de nódulos y su peso seco, mientras que para el Ultisol se encontró significancia para estas mismas variables, así como para el peso seco aéreo, área foliar y contenido de N y P foliar, el efecto fue mayor en BRFS2. En términos absolutos el mayor contenido de P en la biomasa microbiana del suelo y la mayor población de SP se encontró en el tratamiento con la presencia de S2. Las poblaciones de Fijadores de N fueron mayores para T y RF.
Linear and Centralised Net Vaults
Authors: Jobbik Eszter
Published: March 2024

This article presents an objective, point-cloud-based geometric description of the nave, apse, and sacristy vaults in the fortified church of Mediaş (RO; Medgyes, Mediasch). The description includes the global geometry of the rib systems and the connections between the webs and ribs in each vault. Based on these, we classify these structures into the geometry-based typologies for the global geometry of the rib system and the rib-web connections we established based on our previous works. Additionally, based on the vaults of Mediaş, two rib-system subtypes have been defined: centralising and linear vaults. The relationship between these subtypes and the concept of cylindric and spheric vaults, as well as their connection to the ‘pattern’ of the net vaults is discussed. Based on the geometric descriptions, we also discuss the possible building strategies and techniques of these vaults and consider the periodisation of the building.
Possibilities of shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis and monitoring of autoimmune liver diseases in children
Authors:   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Dyba M.B. , Berezenko V.S. ,   SI Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O.M. Lukyanova of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2024

Autoimmune liver disease (ALD) in children, when not diagnosed and treated timely, are characterised by a progressive course leading to liver cirrhosis. Monitoring the progression of the disease is crucial for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment in ALD patients. We believe that the use of ultrasound elastography is not only valuable for diagnosing liver fibrosis but also for monitoring the course of ALD in children, representing a promising research method. Purpose - to assess the feasibility of using shear wave elastography for diagnosing liver fibrosis and monitoring the course of ALD in children. Materials and methods. In 108 children with ALD aged 3-18 years, examined at the Department of Pediatric Hepatology of the SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after academician O. Lukyanova of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», from 2019 to 2023, ultrasound shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) parameters were evaluated before treatment (baseline) and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months of therapy, depending on the stage of liver fibrosis determined by histological method using the Metavir scoring system (F0-F4) in all children. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 9 version 10.0.0. Results. The mean age of the children was 11 years (range 8-13.8 years), with 91% (n=98) having liver fibrosis stage ≥F2 according to Metavir. There was a significant correlation between complete biochemical remission and median 2D-SWE at 12, 24, and 36 months of treatment (p=0.0002; p=0.002; p=0.0004, respectively). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for diagnosing liver fibrosis stage ≥F3 and F4 at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of treatment was 0.81; 0.78; 0.67; 0.81; 0.75 and 0.80; 0.91; 0.84; 0.89; 0.92, respectively. The optimal cutoff value for median 2D-SWE was 10.1 kPa; 8.9 kPa; 9.1 kPa; 8.9 kPa; 7.0 kPa and 14.0 kPa; 10.5 kPa; 10.2 kPa; 9.7 kPa; 8.1 kPa, respectively. Conclusions. Shear wave elastography is an effective method for diagnosing fibrosis ≥F3 and cirrhosis in children with ALD. Reduction in 2D-SWE values in children with ALD during treatment is a predictor of its effectiveness. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Brandy Snap
Authors: Spence Charles , Sanchez Carlos Chulia , Youssef Jozef
Published: March 2024

This paper looks at brandy snaps, toffee apples, candy floss, boiled sweets, and exotic fruits such as coconuts that have been prominent treats at British and colonial fairgrounds for well over a century. Taking inspiration from the brandy snap, the authors then introduce a new dish, comprising a selection of canapés, called ‘All the fun of the fair,’ which taps into this aspect of British food history.
Archestratus In Perspective
Authors: Soares Carmen
Published: March 2024

The fourth-century bc Sicilian poet Archestratus was the author of the oldest surviving text from ancient Greece on the pleasure of consuming food. This paper concentrates on the specific foods – in culinary terminology, ingredients – mentioned in the surviving verses and their bearing on the history of ancient Greek food.
Rebecca Earle: Potato
Authors: Santich Barbara
Published: March 2024

Rebecca Earle: Potato: Bloomsbury, 2019: 107 pp., paperback, £9.99.
Chemical and pharmaceutical research of cannabinoids as objects of forensic examination
Authors: Sych Igor , Bevz Olena , Sych Irina , Kumar Nayak Sanjay , Kryvanych Olga , Vislous Olha , Yaremenko Vitaliy , Rakhimova Maryna , Perekhoda Lina
Published: March 2024

Synthetic cannabinoids are a group of psychoactive compounds that mimic the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component of marijuana. Today, the most important task in forensic science is to establish the chemical structure of new psychoactive compounds that appear in illicit trafficking promptly in order to respond quickly and stop their distribution. Less important is the development of methodological support for expert activity, including analysis methods and reference data on the analytical characteristics of compounds.
The aim. To develop stages of the forensic analysis of objects containing synthetic cannabinoids and propose methods for determining 5 new synthetic cannabinoids for forensic pharmaceutical purposes.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted as part of the identification of cannabinoids for forensic purposes at the National Scientific Centre "Bokarius Institute of Forensic Examination". As part of the study, 5 new synthetic cannabinoids were identified for forensic analysis using the following methods: infrared spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography with a mass detector. The algorithm for the forensic analysis of cannabinoid derivatives was developed based on the requirements of Ukraine's current legislation.
Results. Spectral and chromatographic methods of determination of 5 new synthetic cannabinoids for forensic purposes were proposed, and during research and elaboration of the current legislation of Ukraine, an algorithm for forensic investigation of objects containing synthetic cannabinoids has been developed.
Conclusions. The stages of the forensic analysis of objects containing synthetic cannabinoids meet the requirements of the current legislation of Ukraine and the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. The obtained data prove the high sensitivity and reproducibility of the methods and prove the possibility of their introduction into the practice of forensic examination
Determination of chromatographic conditions for quantitative assessment of active components in complex nasal spray after manufacturing and expiry date
Authors: Cherniakova Valeriia , Myhal Artem , Rudiuk Vitalii , Kryvanych Oleksandr , Rudakova Olha , Tugaibei Igor , Bevz Nataliia , Georgiyants Victoriya
Published: March 2024

The aim of the work is the development of chromatographic conditions, the study of the validation characteristics of the method of quantitative determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride, nitrofural, lidocaine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride, panthenol, povidone in the joint presence in the nasal spray by a complex method of liquid chromatography with UV detection. Evaluation of the quantitative content of active components after manufacturing and during the shelf life.
Materials and methods. Agilent 1260 liquid chromatographs, equipped with a diode-matrix detector from the company "Agilent technologies", USA. Chromatographic columns 250×4.6 mm in size, filled with octadecylsilyl silica gel for chromatography (Zorbax StableBond SB-Aq, Agilent company), mobile phase A - phosphate buffer solution pH 7.0 - acetonitrile P (1650:350), mobile phase B – acetonitrile P; elution mode – gradient; mobile phase flow rate – 1.0 ml/min; detection wavelengths – 220 nm (for panthenol, phenylephrine, povidone, diphenhydramine) and 235 nm (for nitrofural and lidocaine).
Results. Chromatographic separation conditions were developed for the co-presence determination of six target substances: panthenol, phenylephrine hydrochloride, nitrofural, povidone, lidocaine hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride. The suitability of the technique for this task was confirmed by determining the validation characteristics. The methodology at the appropriate level is characterized by specificity, linearity, correctness and convergence in the range of application for panthenol (range 20.33-38.26 mg/ml, ΔZ=0.93 ≤ max ΔZ=3.20, a=0.63  max a=5.12, r = 0.9978  min r= 0.9924), phenylephrine hydrochloride (range 1,70-3,21 mg/ml, ΔZ=0.51 ≤ max ΔZ=3.20, a=0.15  max a=5.12, r = 0.9984  min r= 0.9924), nitrofural (range 0.137-0.257 mg/ml, ΔZ=0.91 ≤ max ΔZ=3.20, a=0.032  max a=5.12, r = 0.9987  min r= 0.9924) povidone (range 20,44-38,50 mg/ml, ΔZ=0.23 ≤ max ΔZ=3.20, a=2,33  max a=5.12, r = 0.9942  min r= 0.9924), lidocaine hydrochloride (range 6,80-12,81 mg/ml, ΔZ=0.34 ≤ max ΔZ=3.20, a=0.66  max a=5.12, r = 0.9988  min r= 0.9924), diphenhydramine hydrochloride (range 1,36-2,56 mg/ml, ΔZ=0.20 ≤ max ΔZ=3.20, a=0.15  max a=5.12, r = 0.9980  min r= 0.9924). There are no significant changes when stored at 25 °C for 6 months.
Conclusions. An analytical method of quantitative determination of the component composition in an extemporaneous nasal spray by a complex method of high-performance liquid chromatography has been developed. The determined validation parameters confirm the correctness of the methodology. The chemical stability of the dosage form is observed for 6 months
Application of the variability budget approach to the Dissolution test
Authors: Leontiev Dmytro , Asmolov Vitalii , Volovyk Natalia , Gryzodub Oleksandr
Published: March 2024

The aim. This study aimed to evaluate the completeness of our knowledge about the sources of variation in the Dissolution test with 100 % release by compiling a variability budget.
Materials and methods. The study was performed on 500 mg metformin tablets, using pharmacopoeial quality reagents, State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine (SPhU) Metformin HCl reference standard, Pharmatest DT70 Dissolution apparatus, Perkin Elmer Lambda 35 spectrophotometer, Mettler Toledo XP 204 analytical balance, and ISO class A volumetric glassware. The SPhU metrological approach was employed.
Results and discussion. The variability budget was compiled based on the comparison of uncertainty estimates obtained from the requirements for maximum permissible variation in normal analytical practice (UNAP, bottom-up estimation) and experimental data (Uexp). This involved characterizing Metformin content in tablets using the Uniformity of Dosage Units (UDU) test as an independent method. The 100 % release of Metformin in the Dissolution test (infinity point) was proved by increasing the dissolution time. Having optimized Dissolution and UDU analytical procedures for variability budget compiling, we achieved insignificance of Uexp compared to the target uncertainty (Utg) for the Dissolution test in compliance testing. The differences in UDU and Dissolution mean results did not exceed UNAP for the release time of 45 and 60 min, i.e. uncertainty budget was proven. Uexp for the Dissolution test indicated the presence of an unknown statistically significant source of random variation, which, however, was less than Utg; therefore, the procedure is suitable for compliance testing.
Conclusion. Experimental results confirmed the completeness of our knowledge about sources of variation (absence of bias) for the Dissolution test with 100 % release. An essential condition for compiling the budget was the optimization of uncertainty of analytical procedures. For UDU, all significant sources of variation were within the expected range. Yet, there is a need for additional research to identify and manage an unknown source of practically significant random variation for the Dissolution test
Development of antifungal gel, composition and technology based on pomiferin metabolite isolated from fruits of Maclura aurantiaca growing in Kazakhstan
Authors: Mombekov Serzhan , Orazbekov Yerkebulan , Sadykova Nurila , Kozhamzharova Assel , Sharipova Sarzhan , Makhatov Zhaksylyk , Pushkarskaya Nazym
Published: March 2024

The aim. The purpose of this study is to develop the optimal composition and rational gel technology under the conventional name "Kaz-P7" based on the antifungal pomiferin.

Materials and methods. The object of the study is the substance pomiferin.

Based on the physicochemical properties of the gel (poorly soluble in water) and technological properties structurant - Carbopol Ultrez 20 (swelling) chosen optimal solvent system: DMSO-PG-water (1:4:1) corresponding to the maximum solubility of drug and polymer provides swelling.

Following the requirements of GF RK I, vol. 1, 2.2.8, 2.2.10 was determined by rotational viscometric method. Rheological properties of the sample are determined using rotational viscometer "Rheolab QC" (firm "Anton Paar", Austria) with coaxial cylinders CC27/S-SN29766 determined. The rheological parameters were studied at a temperature of 20 °C – 35 °C using the MLM U15c thermostat included in the rheostat.

Results. Gel dosage forms provide better bioavailability of the drug substance. In addition, gels are a more modern dosage form, pleasant in terms of organoleptic characteristics.

The technology of gel manufacturing consists of two parallel processes: preparation of the drug substance solution and its introduction into the base. From the point of view of biopharmacy, which studies the biological effect of drugs depending on their physical properties, dosage form and preparation technology, the greatest release of the drug substance occurs when it is introduced into the dosage form in dissolved form.

Pomiferin administered in the dissolved state has the most therapeutic effect on the gel base. At the same time, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) were dissolved in different solvents with gradual heating. The ratio of solvents DMSO-PG-water (1:4:1) at which the developed dosage form will be more structured, stable, and thixotropic gel is established.

Conclusions. Fungal skin diseases are among the most frequently discussed problems in the literature. The relevance of this topic is determined by the high prevalence of pathogens, which account for 37-42 % of all skin diseases. It was experimentally established that for the complete neutralization of one gm of carbopol Ultraz 20 in the DMSO-PG-water solvent system (1:4:1), one gm of triethanolamine (pH 7.0) is consumed. The optimal diluent consisting of DMSO-PG- water in the ratio (1:4:1) was selected by physico-chemical analysis methods, and one gm of triethanolamine (pH 7.0) was selected as the neutralizing agent. The following composition was chosen as the optimal gel model: API-3.0, DMSO-3.0, PG-50.0, Carbopol Ultrez 20-1.0, and Triethanolamine-1.0. The optimal composition and technology of the gel codenamed "Kaz-P7" based on the substance obtained by pomiferin was developed
Double inclined cracks overlapping effect on mixed stress intensity factors using XFEM object-oriented implementation
Authors: Chabane Rebadj , Moussaoui Sabah , Belgasmia Mourad
Published: March 2024

The object of research is the Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factor (MMSIF) of a two-dimensional (2D) plate.
With the emergence of modern technologies and advanced innovations which contribute to the development and improvement of the design, implementation and management of construction projects, it has become easier. However, it is very difficult to manufacture components free from unavoidable defects, such as cracks, which lead to material deterioration and ultimately shorten its service life. Based on the process of local enrichment region using partition of unity concept, the extended finite element method (XFEM) has overcome the limitations of the standard FEM method in terms of modeling and numerical simulation of discontinuities (cracks) while gaining its general advantages. This makes XFEM a powerful and widely used digital tool in recent years. One of the most frequently raised problems in the discontinuities field (cracks) is the phenomenon of juxtaposition of multiple cracks in a cracked isotropic plate, which must be studied to determine the extent of its effect on the crack stress intensity factor in order to obtain higher safety reliability. On this basis, an improved object-oriented programming (OOP) with extended finite elements was used because of its great importance and well-known benefits.
In this paper, the MMSIF of a 2D plate is determined to show the effect of the out-of-phase orientation of the angle, as well as the effect of the juxtaposition of two inclined cracks. As a result of the research, it is shown that, the convergence between the results obtained in this study with those reported in the literature, and to theoretical values is remarkable, and their close agreement was noted. In the future, based on the object-oriented approach characteristics represented by flexibility, scalability, and modularity, which were explained in this research, this proposed approach can be enriched to include heterogeneous materials modeling, whether linear or nonlinear, crack propagation in dynamics, in addition to Complex 3D industrial problems.
Comprehensive physicochemical characterization of Algerian coal powders for the engineering of advanced sustainable materials
Authors: Ferfar Meriem , Sakher Elfahem , Bouras Amina , Benselhoub Aissa , Hachemi Nadir , Massaoudi Mohammed , Dovbash Nadiia , Bellucci Stefano
Published: March 2024

The object of the research is the intriguing and versatile material known as coal that attracted a lot of attention lately because of its potential use in a variety of fields, including cutting-edge building materials, environmental remediation methods, and creative energy storage solutions. This study presents an extensive characterization of Algerian natural coal powders, employing a multifaceted analytical approach that includes Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman Spectroscopy, to reveal their physicochemical properties including morphology, particle size distribution, crystalline structure, and functional groups.
The SEM analysis unveiled a heterogeneous morphology with a broad particle size distribution, indicative of the coal's complex structure. The XRD findings, refined using Rietveld analysis, distinguish Carbon (C) and Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) as the primary phases, with crystallite sizes measuring 18.7539 nm for C and 16.6291 nm for SiO2. These phases constitute 98.8 % and 12 % of the composition, respectively, while the presence of quartz underscores the coal’s geological background and its thermal resilience.
Regarding the results of the FTIR spectroscopy, absorption peaks corresponding to various functional groups are highlighted, suggesting a rich organic and inorganic composition. Raman spectroscopy corroborates the presence of disordered and graphitic carbon structures, emphasizing the coal's potential for diverse applications. These findings underline the significance of Algerian coal powders for environmental remediation, energy storage, and advanced construction materials, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy solutions.
Modelling spatial patterns of forest fire occurrence in the Northwestern region of Vietnam
Authors: Pham Thanh Trang , Chu Thuan , Tran Quang Bao
Published: March 2024

Forest fires present a significant threat to the tropical forest ecosystem in the northwestern region of Vietnam. Our study aimed to assess the impacts of environmental factors on forest fire occurrence and to map forest fire probability for the whole region. The forest fire occurrence data over the period 2003–2016, environmental factors (climate, fuel condition, topography, and human activity), and the MaxEnt approach were used for this study. The MaxEnt model performed better than the random model (AUC>0.88). Climatic factors (especially climatic seasonality: annual temperature range (bio_07), isothermality (bio_03), and precipitation of warmest quarter (bio_18)) had the highest contribution to the model, followed by population density and elevation. In contrast, fuel condition (Land cover type) had a small contribution to the model. While medium, high, and very high probabilities of forest fire occurred at medium to high elevations (e.g., Dien Bien, Son La, and Lai Chau provinces) throughout southern to northern and western areas, very low and low probability concentrated southeastern areas at lower elevations (mainly in Hoa Bình province). Our results may be helpful references for fire managers and policymakers to establish more effective fire management strategies for the region's forest.
Commentary: “Responsible Research Assessment: Implementing DORA for hiring and promotion in psychology”
Authors: Sandoval-Lentisco Alejandro
Published: March 2024

A commentary on: Gärtner et al., 2022; Schönbrodt et al., 2022.
Comment on: Responsible Research Assessment I and Responsible Research Assessment II
Authors: Witte Erich H.
Published: March 2024

A long-term personnel policy in filling professorships, aimed at remedying deficits in psychological research, should be able to significantly improve the scientific quality of psychology: “The main reason is that the hiring and promotion of such researchers is most likely to contribute to the emergence of a credible scientific knowledge base“ (Gärtner et al., in press).
Responsible Research Assessment Should Prioritize Theory Development and Testing Over Ticking Open Science Boxes
Authors: Dames Hannah , Musfeld Philipp , Popov Vencislav , Oberauer Klaus , Frischkorn Gidon T.
Published: March 2024

We appreciate the initiative to seek for ways to improve academic assessment by broadening the range of relevant research contributions and by considering a candidate’s scientific rigor. Evaluating a candidate's ability to contribute to science is a complex process that cannot be captured through one metric alone. While the proposed changes have some advantages, such as an increased focus on quality over quantity, the proposal's focus on adherence to open science practices is not sufficient, as it undervalues theory building and formal modelling: A narrow focus on open science conventions is neither a sufficient nor valid indicator for a “good scientist” and may even encourage researchers to choose easy, pre-registerable studies rather than engage in time-intensive theory building. Further, when in a first step only a minimum standard for following easily achievable open science goals is set, most applicants will soon pass this threshold. At this point, one may ask if the additional benefit of such a low bar outweighs the potential costs of such an endeavour. We conclude that a reformed assessment system should put at least equal emphasis on theory building and adherence to open science principles and should not completely disregard traditional performance metrices.
Response to responsible research assessment I and II from the perspective of the DGPs working group on open science in clinical psychology
Authors: Fink-Lamotte Jakob , Hilbert Kevin , Bentz Dorothée , Blackwell Simon , Boehnke Jan R. , Burghardt Juliane , Cludius Barbara , Ehrenthal Johannes C. , Elsaesser Moritz , Haberkamp Anke , Hechler Tanja , Kräplin Anja , Paret Christian , Schulze Lars , Wilker Sarah , Niemeyer Helen
Published: March 2024

We comment on the papers by Schönbrodt et al. (2022) and Gärtner et al. (2022) on responsible research assessment from the perspective of clinical psychology and psychotherapy research. Schönbrodt et al. (2022) propose four principles to guide hiring and promotion in psychology: (1) In addition to publications in scientific journals, data sets and the development of research software should be considered. (2) Quantitative metrics can be useful, but they should be valid and applied responsibly. (3) Methodological rigor, research impact, and work quantity should be considered as three separate dimensions for evaluating research contributions. (4) The quality of work should be prioritized over the number of citations or the quantity of research output. From the perspective of clinical psychology, we endorse the initiative to update current practice by establishing a matrix for comprehensive, transparent and fair evaluation criteria. In the following, we will both comment on and complement these criteria from a clinical-psychological perspective.
The Therapeutic Potential of Copper Peptides on Atopic Dermatitis Lesions in BALB/c mice and Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Choi Eun-Ju
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE: Atopic dermatitis (AD), often referred to as eczema, is a chronic disease characterized by skin inflammation, itchiness, irritation, and dryness. It is caused mainly by immune dysregulation. Copper peptides (CP) have been used for a variety of skin-related purposes. In this study, we examined the effect of CP on AD induced in BALB/c mice.METHODS: BALB/c mice were separated into the following five groups: control, AD-only, AD+CP10, AD+CP100, and AD+CERA. AD was induced using house dust mite (HDM) extract and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The mice received CP or ceramide (CERA; positive control) based on their group allocation. Histopathological analysis was performed to assess the effect of CP on mast cell infiltration. Dermal and epidermal thickness were measured using microphotographs of hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained tissue. We examined the serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and mRNA gene expression of pathogenic cytokines in the mouse ear tissue and in human keratinocytes.RESULTS: CP treatment decreased dermal and epidermal mouse ear thickness and mast cell infiltration in the ear tissue in a dosedependent manner. It also decreased the serum IgE levels and the mRNA gene expression of pathogenic cytokines in the ear tissue and in the human keratinocytes. Interestingly, the therapeutic effect of CP was more robust than that of CERA.CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that CP may have therapeutic potential against AD.
Team Sports and Executive Functions: A Comparative Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Paul Prosanta , Roy Dilip , Bhattacharya Puneet , Chatterjee Sridip
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the executive functional ability among participants regularly practicing and participating in four different sports, including Cricket, Volleyball, Kho-Kho, and Kabaddi, and the active control group.METHODS: This pilot study included 125 university youths aged 19-25 years. Twenty-five participants were selected for each of the four different sports disciplines, including Cricket, Volleyball, Kho-Kho, and Kabaddi, to meet the purpose of the study. Twenty-five active, healthy male participants served as the control group. Moreover, participants in the control group did not regularly engage in organized sports; however, they were all recreationally active and healthy. The Executive Functions (EFs) of all sampled participants were assessed using the Tower of London (TOL) and Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT). Mean, standard deviation, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) post-hoc tests were used for data analysis and interpretation.RESULTS: One-way ANOVA demonstrated significant differences among groups in both tests; thus, the post-hoc Tukey’s HSD test was conducted, which gave pairwise comparisons between and within groups. Pairwise comparison of the TOL test indicated significantly higher EFs in Kabaddi players than those in the Volleyball (p<.01), Kho-kho (p<.05), and the control (p<.001) groups; however, there was no significant difference between the Kabaddi and Cricket groups. The Cricket group demonstrated higher EFs than the control group (p<.05). The pairwise comparison results of the SCWT test indicated significantly higher EFs in Volleyball (p<.001) and Khokho (p<.05) players than those in the control group.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that people involved in regular physical and team sports activities have higher EFs than nontrainer active control individuals.
SNP Diagnosis in Elite Athletes by Korean Athletic Performance
Authors: Kim Kwangjun , Kim Changsun , Park Jungjun , Kang Juhee , Park Dongho
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to analyze SNPs related to performance (maximal strength vs. cardiovascular endurance) of world-class Korean elite athletes using the Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 and to determine genotypes related to maximal strength and cardiovascular endurance performance that are unique to “Koreans”.METHODS: Using the Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0, we analyzed SNPs obtained from 54 world-class Korean elite athletes (Olympic participants/World Championship medalists). The group was divided into the 16 maximal strength group (12 males and 4 females weightlifters who had won medals at the Olympic and World Championships), 12 cardiovascular endurance group (12 males marathon runners who had run within 2 hours and 12 minutes in international competitions), and 26 individuals from the general population (25 males and 1 female). All the obtained SNPs were subjected to quality control (QC), and a total of 867,982 SNPs were analyzed between the marathon runners and general population subjects (641,040 SNPs) and between weightlifters and general population subjects (634,418 SNPs).RESULTS: The number of SNPs with more than two SNPs within 100 kb, which satisfied the threshold of sample QC and significance level of p<.0001, was 60 in marathoners and 18 in weightlifters compared to the general population subjects. When the genomic features of SNPs of each performance trait were analyzed, the 60 SNPs for cardiovascular endurance with two or more SNPs within 100 kb that met the p<.0001 threshold for significance were distributed across 15 regions, and the 18 SNPs for maximal strength were distributed across 7 regions.CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, SNPs related to cardiovascular endurance and maximal strength suggest the possibility of producing gene chips to derive genotypes unique to “Koreans” in the future. Additionally, this study provides important basic data for further research.
The Role of Muscular Strength on the Relationship between Number of Chronic Diseases and Depressive Symptom in Older Adults
Authors: Shin Jiho , Lee Inhwan , Cho Jinkyung , Kang Hyunsik
Published: March 2024

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether muscular strength modulates the relationship between the number of chronic diseases (NCD) and depression in older adults of Korean descent.METHODS: Data from the Living Profiles of Older People Survey including 10,097 older adults of Korean descent aged ≥65 years were used. Depressive symptoms were defined as a score of ≥8 on the self-administered Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale. Muscular strength was assessed through a self-reported questionnaire. Chronic diseases comprising the NCD were defined as physician-diagnosed long-term conditions.RESULTS: Depressive symptoms were more prevalent as the NCD increased in both male (odds ratio [OR]=2.650; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.214-3.172, p<.001) and female (OR=2.261; 95%CI: 1.880-2.720, p<.001) patients. Similarly, depressive symptoms increased as muscular strength decreased in both male (OR=2.323, 95%CI: 1.757-3.073, p<.001) and female (OR=2.280, 95%CI: 1.886-2.775, p<.001) patients, even after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking education, and marriage. Moderation analysis showed that the effects of the NCD on depressive symptoms was modulated by muscular strength (β=0.557, 95%CI=0.222-0.891, p=.001), even after adjustments for all the covariates.CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that muscular strength plays a beneficial role in the NCD and depressive symptoms in older adults of Korean descent.