bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Executive Leadership Competencies, Organizational Commitment, and Work Environment on PT.PLN Nusantara Power Surabaya's Utilization on the Ellipse ERP Information Systems and Performance of Employees
Authors: Musriha Musriha , Rosyafah Siti , Qomari Nurul , Luthan Helin
Published: February 2025

Bureaucratic reforms launched by the government are manifested in the form of regulations or policies that must be implemented by all government agencies under the ministry. One form of this policy is the implementation of the integrity zone and the standardization of human resources as a strategic plan which is realized in the form of a competency gap analysis. This study aims to measure compliance behavior, level of complexity, clarity of organizational goals, and level of employee participation in competency gap analysis and implementation of the integrity zone. This descriptive quantitative research takes employee sampling through saturated sampling technique and data analysis is measured through path analysis. The results of the analysis prove the value of t = 2.166; p=0.034 (p<0.05), which proves that there is an effect of the level of compliance on the competency gap; t value = -0.399; p=0.691 (p>0.05) the effect of the level of program complexity on the competency gap was not proven and the value of t = 12.835; p = 0.000 (p <0.05) proves that there is an effect of the competency gap on the implementation of the integrity zone. Competency gap analysis and employee participation levels are classified as being more capable of contributing to the implementation of the integrity zone at the Surabaya Industrial Research and Standardization Institute.
The role and importance of the physiotherapists in educational institutions
Authors:   Department M2, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, Târgu Mureș 540139, Romania, SZABO Dan Alexandru , PÂRVU Carmen ,   Department of Sports Games and Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Dunărea de Jos University, 63–65 Gării Street, Galați 800003, Romania, MOCANU George Danut ,   Department of Individual Sports and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Dunărea de Jos University, 63–65 Gării Street, Galați 800003, Romania, HARABAGIU Neculai ,   Department of Sports Games and Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Dunărea de Jos University, 63–65 Gării Street, Galați 800003, Romania, SOPA Ioan Sabin ,   Department of Environmental Science, Physics, Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 5-7 Ion Raţiu Street, Sibiu 550012, Romania, TRUȘCĂ Gabriela ,   Department M2, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, Târgu Mureș 540139, Romania, STOICA Andi ,   Department M2, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, Târgu Mureș 540139, Romania
Published: February 2025

This research aimed to introduce at least one physiotherapist in the interdisciplinary team of
the schools, including teachers, doctors, dentists, psychologists, psychotherapists, and auxiliary staff, for
the assessment and, if necessary, the periodic postural treatment of the students. The study included 25
students aged between 16 and 18, of which 12 were female and 13 were male. The subjects were divided
as follows: 13 students represented the experimental group, and the other 12 constituted the control
group. Individuals from the first group followed an individualized kinetic program, and those from the
second group followed Physical Education classes within the educational unit. The final results of the
research confirmed the hypothesis of our study, namely, the subjects in the experimental group who
followed a personalized rehabilitation program developed by a pediatric physical therapist, which
contains specific exercises to correct postural deformities for whole body prophylaxis, obtained
significantly better results in terms of posture compared to the subjects in the control group who
followed the Physical Education class in the school curriculum. Following the initial assessment at the
beginning of the study, we concluded that students show multiple postural variations that could be
prevented in educational establishments in the presence of at least one pediatric physiotherapist
Beyond Central Asia: the ever-expanding influence of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization
Authors: Garlick Jeremy
Published: February 2025

Key takeaways

- The SCO is expanding beyond its Central Asian heartland southwards and westwards across Asia, reaching the Middle East and North Africa. As a “talking shop”, it has achieved relatively peaceful and cooperative relations between its ever-expanding club of members.

- In 2024, Turkey, a NATO member, applied for membership of the SCO, indicating a probable shift by President Erdogan away from a frustrated bid for EU membership to closer ties with China and Russia.

- SCO dialogue partners include Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar. This suggests that these oil- and gas-producing Middle Eastern states are interested in enhancing ties with China and Russia rather than being reliant on political and economic ties with the US and the EU.

- The SCO should be seen as a sister organization of BRICS, enhancing Chinese and Russian influence in the global South, with a particular focus on Asia and the Middle East. As such, it should be taken seriously as a counter to the influence of legacy organisations of the US-led “liberal international order” such as the G7 and NATO.
Peace, politics, and practice – the need for multidisciplinary consultation to progress peacebuilding
Authors: Horwood Marcus
Published: February 2025

This chapter reviews the current challenges confronting international peacebuilding and aid efforts. It argues two fundamental shortcomings exist; the underlying motives and assumptions of international peacebuilding initiatives; and the methods used to assess the impact of such initiatives. As a result, the fundamental bases on which peacebuilding initiatives are designed and implemented are flawed, explaining the ineffectiveness of current peacebuilding strategies. This chapter then identifies the substantial overlap between the fields of positive peace, positive psychology, and education, and thus proposes multidisciplinary consultation to explore alternative peacebuilding approaches, both theoretical and methodological, to address current peacebuilding effort shortfalls. Consistent throughout each field it becomes evident a universal needs over ideals basis is necessary. Thus, informed by a universal needs perspective, this review proposes an international peacebuilding framework using an innovative strategy of standardized customization. Combining the standardization and psychometric rigor of International Large-Scale Assessments (e.g., Programme for International Student Assessment), with community designed, led, and managed interventions via a community participatory action approach, this chapter theorizes current shortfalls in peacebuilding efforts can be overcome, significant insights into positive peace monitoring and development can be derived, and importantly, geopolitical motivation and positive peace promotion can be aligned.
Detection of Building Destruction in Armed Conflict from Publicly Available Satellite Imagery
Authors: Racek Daniel , Zhang Qi , Thurner Paul , Zhu Xiao Xiang , Kauermann Goeran
Published: February 2025

The timely automated detection of building destruction in conflict zones is crucial for human rights monitoring, humanitarian response, and academic research. However, current approaches rely on expensive proprietary satellite imagery, limiting their scalability and accessibility. This study addresses these challenges by introducing an automated and unsupervised method that uses freely available Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery from the European Space Agency (ESA). By statistically assessing interferometric coherence changes over time, our approach enables the timely detection of building destruction at scale without requiring labeled training data, which are often not available in conflict-affected regions. We validate our method across three case studies, Beirut, Mariupol, and Gaza, demonstrating its ability to capture diverse patterns of destruction and their spatio-temporal dynamics, despite the moderate resolution of Sentinel-1 imagery. Our approach offers a scalable, global, and cost-effective solution for detecting building destruction in conflict zones.
Systematic Evaluation of the Evidence Base on Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether and tert-Butyl Alcohol for Carcinogenic Potential in Humans; Lack of Concern Based on Animal Cancer Studies and Mechanistic Data
Authors: Rivera Brianna , Lea Isabel , Fitch Seneca E , Choksi Neepa , Franzen Allison , Bus James , Rushton Erik , Borghoff Susan
Published: February 2025

Ethyl tertiary-butyl ether (ETBE) is a component of fuel and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) is used as a solvent or manufacture agent for flotation agents and perfumes. TBA is also a primary metabolite of ETBE and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Exposure to either chemical has the potential to occur via all classical exposure routes: inhalation, oral and dermal. The objective of this assessment was to evaluate the human carcinogenic hazard of ETBE and TBA by assessing available human and animal cancer studies, as well as mechanistic data. A systematic literature search and review was conducted to identify relevant cancer studies and mechanistic data in exposed humans and in animal models. Mechanistic data were integrated and synthesized using key characteristics of carcinogens (KCCs). No human studies were identified for either ETBE or TBA while there were two ETBE and two TBA standard cancer bioassays in animal models. There was a low incidence of all tumors reported following exposure to ETBE (liver tumors) or TBA (kidney and thyroid tumors) at high exposure concentrations. ETBE and TBA lacked mutagenic and genotoxic activity. Together, these data support a non-genotoxic mechanism of tumor development that occurs at the highest ETBE/TBA exposure concentrations. Mechanistic evidence within the other KCCs was limited either due to a lack of data, or inconsistencies in activity across similar studies. This assessment supports an overall lack of concern for carcinogenic hazard of both ETBE and TBA in humans.
Dimension Engineering: The Cross-Frontier of Geometric Dimension Control and Physical Property Design
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

Dimension engineering offers a new paradigm for innovating material propertiesand physical laws by actively regulating the geometric dimensions and topologicalconfigurations of matter and space. This paper proposes a systematic theoreticalframework that transforms Hausdorff dimension theory, the compactification mech?anism in string theory, and dimensional regularization methods from quantum fieldtheory into actionable engineering design principles. Experimental validation cases,such as fractal catalytic materials (DH = 2.58, ethylene hydrogenation efficiencyimprovement of 42.3 ± 1.7%), topological photonic crystals (transmission loss ¡0.45dB/cm in the 1.2–1.6 µm wavelength range), and hyperdimensional computing chips(training time for four-dimensional tensor networks reduced by 31.5%), prove theuniversality of dimension optimization techniques. The research further establishesa multi-level development roadmap encompassing manufacturing processes, verifi?cation systems, and ethical governance, laying the foundation for the disciplinarydevelopment of dimension engineering.
A PYTHON FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYZING DEPENDENT-VARIABLE LAWS OF LARGE NUMBERS CONVERGENCE: TESTING SECTORAL SURPLUS VALUE RATE UNIFORMITY
Authors: Gómez José M.
Published: February 2025

This paper develops a comprehensive Python framework for analyzing the convergence of sectoral surplus value rates through multiple approaches to the Law of Large Numbers (LLN), specifically addressing dependent-variable scenarios. We implement and compare three distinct methodologies: triangular arrays, weighted sums with dependent variables, and mixingale processes, each offering unique insights into different aspects of convergence behavior. Our framework incorporates flexible convergence thresholds, detailed difference analysis, and sophisticated Excel reporting capabilities.The results reveal a complex pattern of sectoral convergence. While traditional approaches (triangular arrays and mixingale processes) indicate persistent sectoral differences, the weighted sums method, which explicitly accounts for inter-sectoral correlations, shows evidence of convergence at certain thresholds. This divergence in results suggests the existence of what we term “network uniformity” - a phenomenon where sectors, while maintaining individual characteristics, exhibit systematic convergence patterns when their interconnections are properly weighted.Our findings challenge conventional interpretations of sectoral rate uniformity, suggesting that modern economies might exhibit more sophisticated forms of convergence than traditionally theorized. The framework demonstrates that understanding sectoral relationships, rather than individual sector behaviors, is crucial for accurate economic analysis. These results have significant implications for economic policy and forecasting, particularly in highly interconnected modern economies. Additionally, the study provides methodological insights for analyzing dependent-variable scenarios in economic research, offering a robust computational approach for testing economic theories of sectoral behavior.
The Mediating Role of Self-Steem on Hopelessness and Suicide Ideation
Authors: Moreta-Herrera Rodrigo , Oleas Daniel , Rodas Jose A.
Published: February 2025

Suicidal ideation is a critical public health issue. Previous research has identified hopelessness and self-esteem as key predictors of suicidal ideation; however, their potential interactive effects remain underexplored. This study examines the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between hopelessness and suicidal ideation. A total of 703 young adults (Mage = 22.1, SD = 4.27) from Ecuador participated. Measures included the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation (PANSI) scale. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to assess direct and indirect effects. Results confirmed that both hopelessness and self-esteem significantly predict suicidal ideation, with hopelessness exerting a direct effect and an indirect effect mediated by self-esteem. Self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between hopelessness and suicidal ideation, accounting for 20.3% of the total effect. Together, hopelessness and self-esteem explained 41.7% of the variance in positive suicidal ideation and 59.7% in negative suicidal ideation, underscoring their predictive significance. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of suicidal ideation by demonstrating a multiple interaction model. From a practical perspective, they highlight the importance of fostering self-esteem as a protective factor against suicidal thoughts. Given the high prevalence of suicidal ideation among young adults, interventions should focus on reducing hopelessness and enhancing self-esteem to mitigate suicide risk. Future research should incorporate longitudinal designs to further explore causal relationships among these psychological constructs.
AI Visions of the Future and Delphi Method for Future Scenario Predictions in AI Development
Authors: Mostashari Ali , Clark James P
Published: February 2025

This white paper explores the potential consensus AI-generated future scenarios of AI development and its social, economic, and political implications using a Delphi method approach. By analyzing responses from various AI platforms, we map consensus and differences in predictions, providing a comprehensive view of possible futures. The paper outlines three primary scenarios: a fragmented AI economy with nationalist ecosystems, a globally collaborative AI economy with shared prosperity, and an AI oligarchy with extreme inequality. Each scenario is analyzed in detail, with a focus on the implications for society, economy, and governance. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers, businesses, and individuals to navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by AI development.
Aging as a loss of goal-directedness: an evolutionary simulation and analysis unifying regeneration with anatomical rejuvenation
Authors: Pio-Lopez Léo , Hartl Benedikt , Levin Michael
Published: February 2025

Aging is an extensive biological process characterized by morphological and functional alterations in cellular and extracellular components, resulting in a systematic decline in biological functions ultimately leading to death. Although substantial advancements have been made in manipulating lifespan in model organisms like C. elegans and mice through genetic, dietary, and pharmacological means, the fundamental mechanisms driving aging in humans remain elusive and widely debated. In addition, there is no comprehensive computational platform capable of making predictions on aging in multicellular systems and integrating the multiscale competency of lifeforms. We focus on the processes that build and maintain a complex anatomy toward a specific target morphology, and propose the hypothesis that aging arises even in the absence of accumulated cellular or genetic damage, because a homeodynamic system left without any goal in anatomical morphospace will start degrading. This can occur in biological systems because evolution typically prioritizes development over morphostasis, leaving organisms with limited reinforcement of anatomical goals after development. Using an in silico model of homeostatic morphogenesis with a multiscale competency architecture and information dynamics analysis, we find: (1) Absence of Long-Term Morphostasis: Aging emerges naturally after development due to the lack of an evolved regenerative goal, rather than just specific detrimental properties of developmental programs (e.g., antagonistic pleiotropy or hyperfunction); (2) Acceleration Factors vs. Root Cause: Cellular misdifferentiation, reduced competency, communication failures, and genetic damage all accelerate aging but are not its primary cause; (3) Information Dynamics in Aging: Aging correlates with increased active information storage and transfer entropy, while spatial entropy measures distinguish two dynamics—loss of structure and morphological noise accumulation; (4) Dormant Regenerative Potential: Despite organ loss, spatial information persists in the cybernetic tissue, indicating a memory of lost structures, which can be reactivated for organ restoration through targeted regenerative information; and (5) Optimized Regeneration Strategies: Restoration is most efficient when regenerative information includes differential patterns of affected cells and their neighboring tissue, highlighting strategies for rejuvenation. These findings provide a novel perspective on aging dynamics with significant implications for longevity research and regenerative medicine.
A New Fractal Mass Generation Mechanism Theory and Its Mathematical Framework
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a novel mass generation mechanism based on fractal geometry andnon-perturbative curvature dynamics, aiming to provide a unified geometric and topo?logical explanation for the origin of particle mass, thereby offering an alternative to thetraditional Higgs mechanism. By introducing concepts such as fractal spacetime dis?cretization, dynamic fractal dimensions, and multi-scale coupling, the theory constructsa mathematical framework for particle mass, energy-mass relations, and modified gravita?tional field equations. The paper elaborates on key formulas, including fractal curvatureintegrals, instanton corrections, and fractal-modified Hamiltonian operators, and dis?cusses their connections to quantum gravity and black hole thermodynamic phenomena.The proposed framework not only exhibits mathematical elegance and self-consistencybut also provides new directions for future high-energy physics and gravitational experi?ments.
Fractal Riemann Hypothesis. PART A The Analytic Continuation of Fractal Zeta Functions and the Universality of the Critical Line in the Fractal Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

Fractal Zeta functions are core tools for characterizing fractal structures andscale symmetries in quantum field theory. This paper systematically explores thedefinition, convergence analysis, analytic continuation construction of fractal Zetafunctions, and their relationship with the Fractal Riemann Hypothesis (FRH). Byintegrating the self-similarity of fractal geometry, Mellin transform techniques fromcomplex analysis, and the theoretical framework of noncommutative geometry, wereconstruct the analytic form of the fractal Zeta function and reveal that the uni?versal critical line for its zero distribution is given by Re(s) = DH/2. Monte Carlosimulations of the Sierpi´nski carpet (DH = ln3/ln2 1.585) and experiments onfractal superconductors show that the statistical distribution of the real parts ofthe zeros is highly consistent with the theoretical prediction Re(s) = DH/2 (er?ror ¡ 5%), confirming the central role of this critical line in fractal spacetime andquantum gravity theories. The study further reconciles the classical derivation’s de?viation of Re(s) = DH/4 through spectral dimension corrections, renormalizationgroup constraints, and symmetry analysis in noncommutative geometry, providinga new paradigm for the deep integration of fractal geometry and quantum fieldtheory.
A Potential Geometric–Analytic Roadmap Toward the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Amiri Mojtaba
Published: February 2025

In this paper we assume for contradiction the existence of two distinct nontrivial zeross1, s2 = 1 − s1,of the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) in the critical strip with s1 off the critical line. We thenconstruct a continuously differentiable path γ joining s1 and s2 such that the ζ–imageΓ = ζ ◦ γis univalent on the open interval (0, 1) (with Γ(0) = Γ(1) = 0). Next, by selecting a points0 ∈ γ([0, 1]) with ℜ(s0) = 12 and considering vertical segments from s0 to the zeros on thecritical line, we show that the corresponding ζ–images are enclosed by a suitable Jordan curveclose to Γ. Finally, using the classical result that ζ(s) is unbounded on the critical line, wederive a contradiction with the boundedness of the enclosed region. This contradiction forcesthe non–existence of zeros off the critical line.
Advances in Artificial Intelligence for Electrocardiogram Analysis: A Comprehensive Review of Architectures, Clinical Applications, and Future Directions
Authors: Tao Thomas
Published: February 2025

Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis is a fundamental tool in cardiology for diagnosing a wide range of heart conditions. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI), specifically deep learning, has opened new avenues for automated ECG interpretation, offering the potential for increased accuracy, efficiency, and wider access to cardiac care. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current state-of-the-art in AI-driven ECG analysis, covering deep learning architectures, clinical applications, validation strategies, and future research directions. We examine the core challenges in ECG analysis, such as the complexity of cardiac signals, noise interference, and the need for model interpretability. We then present a detailed overview of key deep learning approaches, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), graph neural networks (GCNs), and hybrid models. We place particular emphasis on innovations like deformable convolutions, attention mechanisms, and capsule networks, providing mathematical formulations and comparative performance analyses. The review highlights major clinical applications, including arrhythmia detection, myocardial infarction identification, heart failure prediction, and the integration of multi-modal data. Rigorous model validation, performance benchmarking against established datasets, and efforts towards clinical translation are critically assessed. Finally, we outline promising future research directions, including personalized medicine, explainable AI (XAI), edge computing, and the ethical considerations surrounding AI deployment in healthcare.
Research on Relationship Between String Vibrations and Fractal Cores Within Fundamental Particles
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the relationship between string vibration modes in stringtheory and fractal cores within fundamental particles. Based on the theory of dy?namic rigid fractals, it analyzes how string vibration modes influence the geometricproperties, spin states, and local energy-momentum tensors of fractal cores, therebyaltering the physical properties of fundamental particles. By integrating the latestfindings in string theory, this study provides a new perspective for understandingthe complex interactions and origins of fundamental particles and suggests direc?tions for future research.
Fractal Riemann Hypothesis. PART B Fractal Geometry and Quantum Entanglement Entropy: A Novel Perspective and Rigorous Proof of the Fractal Riemann Hypothesis.
Authors: zhou changzheng , zhou ZIQING
Published: February 2025

his paper presents a novel theoretical framework based on quantum entangle?ment entropy and fractal geometry, rigorously proving that the non-trivial zerosof the fractal Zeta function lie on the critical line Re(s) = DH/2 (where DH isthe fractal dimension). By defining quantum entangled states on fractal manifolds,we reveal the deep connection between the scaling law of entanglement entropyand the distribution of Zeta function zeros. Theoretical derivations show that theself-similarity of fractal structures constrains the zero positions through the globalcorrelations of quantum entanglement. Combining conformal field theory and non?perturbative renormalization group analysis, we further suppress the possibility ofzeros deviating from the critical line. Numerically, quantum Monte Carlo and ten?sor network algorithms are used to simulate the Sierpi´nski carpet (DH = log3),with results showing that the zero density peaks near Re(s) = 0.792 (error ¡ 2%),consistent with theoretical predictions. This study not only provides a new proofpath for the Fractal Riemann Hypothesis but also lays the foundation for quantuminformation theory in fractal spacetime
The Crumbling Ivory Tower: Academia's Fall from Knowledge Citadel to Status Marketplace
Authors: Oliver James
Published: February 2025

Universities, once citadels of scarce knowledge, now sell status credentials.This paper argues academia clings to relevance by gatekeeping status through degrees—a model rendered obsolete by the printing press, internet, and AI. Historical resistance to disruptive ideas (germ theory, plate tectonics) mirrors modern reluctance to adopt open-access education and skill-based certification. Soaring student debt and peer-reviewed orthodoxy reveal a system prioritizing self-preservation over progress. To survive, academia must decentralize, leveraging AI-driven learning and validating competence via output, not diplomas. Without reform, universities risk obsolescence in an era where knowledge transcends ivory towers.
A Pedagogical Sense of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Authors: Sánchez-Santamaría José
Published: February 2025

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping education, raising questions about its role in teaching and learning. AI is not a replacement for educators but a pedagogical tool with the potential to enhance instruction when used critically and ethically. Teachers have responded in different ways, from skepticism to uncritical adoption, highlighting the need for digital competencies and informed integration. Effective AI implementation requires clear pedagogical intent, avoiding superficial or purely functional applications. Rather than resisting AI, education should incorporate it thoughtfully, ensuring it supports equitable access, personalization, and meaningful learning experiences.
Evolution of Program Evaluation: A Historical Analysis of Leading Theorists’ Views and Influences
Authors: Kuş Metin
Published: February 2025

Program evaluation has undergone significant evolution, shaped by diverse theoretical perspectives and influential scholars. This study provides a historical analysis of leading theorists’ views and their impact on the field, tracing key developments from early accountability-focused models to contemporary, context-sensitive approaches. Beginning with foundational contributions from figures such as Tyler and Scriven, the analysis explores how theorists like Stake, Patton, and Stufflebeam have expanded the scope of evaluation through responsive, utilization-focused, and CIPP. The study highlights shifts from positivist, objective-oriented models to more participatory and stakeholder-centered frameworks, reflecting broader changes in educational and social science research paradigms. By examining the intellectual tradition and methodological shifts, this study provides insights into how program evaluation has adapted to evolving societal, institutional, and policy demands. Understanding these historical influences offers valuable perspectives for future advancements in evaluation practice and theory.
Transformer-Based Neural Network Metamodel for Nearly Orthogonal Sampling in Conceptual Design of Multistage Space Launch Vehicles
Authors: Ivanenko Dmytro , Petrescu Ion , Yılmaz Ahmet , Papadopoulos Nikolaos , Joe Arben , Petrovic Milos , Wilson James
Published: February 2025

This study introduces an innovative methodology for the efficient conceptual design of complex, multidisciplinary systems that involve computationally intensive analyses and a vast array of design variables. A novel nearly-orthogonal sampling strategy with superior space-filling characteristics is employed to extract maximal insights into system behaviour using a significantly reduced number of trial designs. The sampled dataset serves as input for a metamodel constructed using advanced artificial neural networks, augmented by Transformer Networks to enhance the metamodel’s capacity for capturing intricate dependencies and complex interactions within the data. Furthermore, a stage-wise interconnection of discrete neural networks is proposed for trajectory metamodeling, effectively mitigating the dimensionality challenges inherent in traditional neural architectures. The optimization process integrates a hybrid approach, leveraging a Genetic Algorithm for global optimization in tandem with Sequential Quadratic Programming for localized refinement utilizing exact disciplinary analyses. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through its application to the conceptual design optimization of a multistage solid-fuelled space launch vehicle. The results reveal exceptional accuracy in approximating highly nonlinear functions, a substantial reduction in overall computational time, and significant minimization of the reliance on exhaustive disciplinary analyses, underscoring the transformative potential of this approach.
Position: a path to legal coherence through language models
Authors: Huntsman Steven Christopher , Robinson Michael , Huntsman Ludmilla
Published: February 2025

Law, administration, and jurisprudence are riddled with inconsistencies. However, there may be a technological remedy (we do not say cure). In this article, we i) quantitatively illustrate incoherence in immigration courts and frame coherence in the context of law; ii) provide evidence that large language models (LLMs) can accurately compile local information into natural data structures that enable coherence-driven inference (CDI); iii) outline how efficient computation of globally coherent substructures enables useful forms of machine cognition; and iv) discuss how the technology we describe can most plausibly be developed and deployed with an eye towards legal and governmental applications.
A Deep Learning and Machine Learning Ensemble Approach for Autism Screening with Over 99% Accuracy
Authors: Fink Nora
Published: February 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) constitutes a range of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by differences in communication, behavior, and social interaction. Early detection of ASD can significantly improve patient outcomes by facilitating timely interventions, thereby reducing challenges in later life. Nonetheless, diagnosing ASD can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, prompting researchers and healthcare professionals to explore automated screening and diagnostic tools. In this paper, we present a comprehensive data-driven approach to ASD screening using a publicly available dataset of 704 adult participants. We examine and compare six different modeling techniques, namely Support Vector Machines (SVM), XGBoost, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Deep Dense Neural Networks (DDNN), and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN). By optimizing hyperparameters and carefully preprocessing the data, we achieve a 100% accuracy on the hold-out test set using SVM and XGBoost, and above 98% accuracy with all deep learning models. We discuss the methodological framework, including data cleaning, exploratory data analysis, encoding, scaling, and model evaluation. We also present significant insights from the machine learning pipeline and highlight implications for future research in the domain of ASD screening. Our results underscore the feasibility of leveraging modern computational approaches to assist healthcare professionals in early detection and resource prioritization for ASD.
Exploring Dalit Students’ Perceptions towards Learning English
Authors: Nepali Bimal
Published: February 2025

This study explores the perceptions of Dalit students towards learning English, aiming to examine their experiences, challenges, and motivations in educational contexts. This study employed a quantitative survey methodology to explore the perceptions of Dalit students towards learning English. A structured questionnaire was the primary tool for data collection, allowing for systematic and quantifiable measurement of students' attitudes, motivations, experiences, and challenges in learning the language. The target population for this research consists of Dalit students enrolled in selected five community schools of Birendranagar Municipality. The findings reveal that while English is perceived as a language of opportunity and upward mobility, many Dalit students face significant barriers, including limited access to quality instruction, socio-cultural discrimination, and a lack of supportive learning environments. Despite these challenges, participants express a strong desire to learn English, driven by aspirations for better educational and career prospects. The study highlights the need for more inclusive language policies and targeted support for marginalized students, ensuring equitable access to English education. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders to address the existing gaps and promote social justice in English language learning for Dalit students.
आहुतिका कवितामा दलित विरूद्धको प्रतिरोधात्मक चेतना
Authors: शाह Shaha हरिजङ्ग Harijung
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत लेख आहुतिका कवितामा दलित विरूद्धको प्रतिरोधात्मक चेतनाको पहिचान गर्नु  उद्देश्यसँग सम्बन्धित रहेको छ  छ । यस लेखमा प्राप्त तथ्याङ्कलाई वर्णनात्मक तथा विश्लेषणात्मक रूपमा व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरिएकाले गुणात्मक ढाँचाअन्तर्गत पाठ विश्लेषणमा आधारित रहेको छ । अध्ययन कार्यसँग सम्बन्धित रहेका वा नेपाली साहित्यमा लेखिएका दलित चेतनाको निरूपण गर्ने  एवम् प्राज्ञिक समस्याको समाधानका लागि आवश्यक पर्ने  सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीहरू पुस्तकालयीय स्रोतबाट सङ्कलन गरिएको छ । गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान भएकाले विशेष गरी व्याख्या विश्लेषणका लागि आवश्यकताअनुसार विश्लेषणात्मक र तार्किक विधि तथा प्रक्रियाको उपयोग गरिएको छ । यसरी समसामयिक प्रगतिवादी कविता धारामा उदाएका कवि आहुतिले सङ्ख्यात्मक रूपमा त्यति धेरै कविता नलेखेका भए तापनि गुणात्मकताको कसीमा यिनका कविता निकै प्रखर र सशक्त छन् । मूलतः प्रगतिवादी काव्यलेखनको मूलमान्यतालाई अक्षरशः पालना गरी काव्यसाधना गर्ने  आहुतिले जातीय उत्पीडनको तीब्र विरोध मात्र गरेका छैनन्, दलितको समस्यालाई निकै प्राज्ञिक ढङ्गले विश्लेषण गर्दै  समाधानका उपायसमेत प्रस्तुत गरेका छन् । आहुतिले कवितामा सामाजिक विकृति र विसङ्गतिप्रति विद्रोह, दलित तथा उत्पीडितप्रति पू ँजीपतिवर्गद्वारा गरिएको दमन, शोषण, जातीय विभेदको उजागर गर्दै  नेपाली साहित्यमा दलित विभेद विरूद्धको प्रतिरोधात्मक चेतनालाई नेपाली समाजमा युगौ युगदेखि उत्पीडनको जीनव वाध्य भएका कामी, दमाई, च्यामे, गाइने, बादी, मुसहर र सार्की जातिका प्रतिनिधि पात्रमार्फत् निकै सशक्त रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरेका छन् । मसामयिक नेपाली कवितामा कला पक्षभन्दा पनि विचार पक्षलाई विशेष जोड दिएर यस प्रकारको दलित विभेद विरुद्धको प्रतिरोधात्मक क्षमतालाई सशक्त रूपमा प्रस्तुत गर्नु  आहुतिको विशिष्ट काव्यगत पहिचान तथा विशेषता हो ।
पूर्व आधुनिक नेपाली पद्य साहित्यको वैचारिक विश्लेषण
Authors: खराल Kharal फूलमती Fulamati
Published: February 2025

प्रस्तुत अनुसन्धनात्मक लेख पूर्वआधुनिक नेपाली पद्य साहित्यको अध्ययन विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । मध्यपश्चिम विश्वविद्यालय, ग्य्राजुएट स्कुल अफ एजुकेसन बी.एड.तह प्रथम सेमेस्टरको पाठ्यक्रममा नेपाली शिक्षा विशिष्टीकरण विषयका रुपमा पूर्वआधुनिक नेपाली पद्य साहित्यलाई पाठ्याशंमा सामावेश गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनमा  पद्य विधा अन्तर्गत समावेश गरिएका साहित्यिक कृतिहरू केन्द्रीय कथ्य, भाव/विचार, आयाम, भाषाशैलीका आधारमा के कति उपयुक्त छन् भनी  अध्ययन विश्लेषणमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । यो अध्ययनलाई पूरा गर्न वर्णनात्मक विधि र गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचामा द्वितीय स्रोतलाई आधार मानिएको छ । शैक्षिक वर्ष २०६९÷०७० देखि स्नातक तह प्रथम सेमेष्टरमा ऐच्छिक नेपाली विषय (नेपा.शि.४१४) को पूर्व आधुनिक नेपाली साहित्य विषयको पाठ्याशं अन्तर्गतका ३ वटा कवितालाई अध्ययनको मुख्य आधार बनाइएको छ । यस अध्ययनका लागि पुस्तकालय विधिको प्रयोग गरिएको छ । उक्त पद्य साहित्यलाई केन्द्रीय कथ्य, भाव/विचार, आयाम, भाषाशैली, सारतत्व र विधागत सचेतताका दृष्टिले वस्तुपरक विश्लेषण गरी कविता सम्बन्धित तहका लागि उपयुक्त रहेको निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ  । यसमा कविता विधा, साहित्यिक कृति, भाव/विचार, सारतत्व, भाषाशैली, आयामलाई प्रमुख शब्दावलीको मूल आधार बनाइएको छ ।
दलियकरणको प्रभावमा शिक्षण पेशाः एक विश्लेषण
Authors: शाही Shahi शारदाकुमारी Sharada Kumari
Published: February 2025

शिक्षण संस्था भित्र राजनीति दलका भातृ संघ संगठनका कारण शिक्षक वा प्राध्यापकहरू आपसमा विभाजित भएको अवस्थामा शिक्षण पेशा अमर्यादित बनेको छ । शिक्षक र शिक्षण पेशालाई हेयको दृष्टिले हेर्ने  अवस्था आएको छ। शिक्षण पेशामा युवाको आकर्षण छैन । यो अवस्था सृजना हुनमा शिक्षण संस्था भित्र दलिय राजनीतिको भूमिका छलफल गर्ने  हेतुले यो लेख तयार गरिएको छ। यसका लागि शिक्षण पेशामा संलग्न र शिक्षण पेशालाई नजिकबाट निआलेका व्यक्तिका लेखन कार्यको अध्ययन वा पुनराबलोकन गरिएको छ । साथै लेखक विगत पन्ध्र बर्षदेखि सुर्खे त बहुमुखि क्याम्पस र दश बर्षदेखि मध्य पश्चिम विश्व विद्यालयमा आंशिक प्राध्यापकको रूपमा कार्यरत हुदा प्रत्यक्ष अवलोकन गरेका घटना र सहभागी भएका गतिविधिलाई समेत अध्ययनको स्रोत बनाइएको छ । विश्वविद्यालय वा क्याम्पसमा विभिन्न दलहरूसँग सम्बन्धित प्राध्यापक संगठनहरू र विद्यार्थी युनियनहरू छन् । प्राध्यापन पेशामा संलग्न आंशिक प्राध्यापक र स्थायी प्राध्यापकले कुनै न कुनै प्राध्यापक संगठनको सदस्यता लिएकै पाइयो । शिक्षण पेशामा संलग्न प्राध्यापकहरूमा कुनै प्राध्यापक संगठनको सदस्यता नलिए वा उनिहरूको सांगठनिक गतिविधिमा  भाग नलिए भविष्यमा आउने वृति विकासको अवसरबाट बञ्चित हुनुपर्ने  हो कि भन्ने डर भएको पाइयो । व्यक्तिले नचाहँदा नचाहँदै पनि कुनै न कुनै संगठनमा आवद्ध हुनु पर्ने  बाध्यताको अवस्था सृजना भएको तथ्य देखियो । सत्ता र शक्तिको नजिक हुने दलसँग आवद्ध संगठनको बढदो प्रभाव हेरेर अवसरका लागि प्राध्यापकहरूले आफ्नो आवद्धता फेरबदल गर्ने  गरेको पनि पाइयो । यसरी शिक्षण संस्थामा भएको दलियकरणको अभ्यासले शिक्षण पेशामा संलग्न व्यक्तिमा मनोबैज्ञानिक असर परेको तथ्य अवलत्तकन गर्न सकिन्छ । शिक्षण पेशा दलियकरणको भुमरीमा परेर शिक्षाको गुणस्तरमा प्रत्यक्ष असर पारे पनि सार्वजनिक शिक्षा र शिक्षण संस्था भित्रको दलियकरणको अन्त्य चुनौतिपूर्ण भएको कुरामा सरोकारवाला स्वीकारोक्ती छ ।
Variação lexical: fatores que influenciam a variação a partir da análise de atividades em livros didáticos
Authors: Lima Carlos Álack de , Neves Herbertt , Araújo Santos Renata Lívia de
Published: February 2025

Neste artigo, analisamos atividades que tratam da variação lexical presentes em dois livros didáticos do PNLD 2021, objetivando compreender como é desenvolvido o tratamento da variação lexical nesses livros utilizados no ensino médio. Fundamentam nosso trabalho os estudos Sociolinguísticos (Labov, 2008[1972]), a Pedagogia da variação linguística (Faraco, 2015b) e a Lexicologia (Polguère, 2018). Concluímos que três fatores influenciam a variação lexical de maneira mais presente: variação diatópica, diastrática e diafásica. Além disso, percebemos que as atividades dos livros didáticos desenvolvem o trabalho com esse tipo de variação a partir, também, de temas sociais. Por fim, observamos que, nas atividades dos livros didáticos, a variação lexical está relacionada com os aspectos voltados aos gêneros textuais e às demandas sociais e espaços em que eles circulam.Palavras-chave: Fatores de variação. Lexicologia. Sociolinguística.
Português como língua adicional em ambiente italiano: indícios de construções diassistêmicas
Authors: Oliveira de Souza Ana Luiza
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões acerca das produções linguísticas de falantes italófonos que adquirem o Português como Língua Adicional (PLA) em instâncias classificadas como Português Língua de Herança (PLH) e Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE). Numa perspectiva cognitivo-funcional (Bybee, 2016; Croft, 2001; Goldberg, 1995, 2006), seguindo o modelo da Gramática de Construções Diassistêmica (Höder, 2014, 2018), o estudo busca oferecer contribuições no que concerne à compreensão das manifestações linguísticas em ambientes multilíngues (português-italiano). De cunho qualitativo e interpretativo, o estudo apresenta e descreve dados de produções orais de falantes de PLH, com faixa etária entre os 5 e 13 anos, e dados de produções escritas de aprendizes jovens de PLE, alunos de graduação do 1° ano do Leitorado de Português, do curso de Língua e Tradução da Universidade de Pisa. Os dados mostram características do diassistema e do construto multilíngue, além de revelar particularidades das diaconstruções como ocorrências inespecíficas do processo de aquisição, confirmando competências no uso das diferentes línguas do repertório desses falantes.Palavras-chave: Português língua adicional. Língua de herança. Gramática de construções diassistêmica. Contextos multilíngues. Plurilinguismo.
Língua portuguesa e cidadania no Brasil uma agenda para o século XXI
Authors: Mulinacci Roberto , SCAMPARINI JULIA , Veras Torres Franciana
Published: February 2025

Por meio de uma abordagem interdisciplinar lato sensu (da linguística teórica à didática, passando pela sociolinguística) que parte dos direitos linguísticos previstos mais ou menos explicitamente pela Carta Magna constitucional do país, este trabalho tem como objetivo examinar as práticas didático-pedagógicas concretas, adotadas pelo Brasil do século XXI, que visam garantir, não apenas formalmente, a cidadania plena e ativa que tem a língua como elemento imprescindível, também e sobretudo em termos de educação e competência linguística, além de óbvio instrumento de livre expressão. Para tal fim, em vez de examinar as políticas linguísticas oficiais de inclusão/exclusão das minorias aloglotas internas (ou daquelas produzidas por novos fluxos migratórios), este trabalho se concentrará em seus mais interessantes aspectos ocultos, por exemplo, inscritos nas modalidades de ensino do português como língua materna, as quais, ainda que aparentemente inspiradas em princípios de cidadania, revelam-se de fato ainda hoje intrinsicamente discriminatórias, sobretudo no que se refere àquela maioria de falantes cujos usos não-padrão continuam não sendo contemplados pelo monocentrismo abstrato e prescritivo da escola, muitas vezes, infelizmente, ainda pouco capaz de formar verdadeiros cidadãos.Palavras-chave: Cidadania. Língua portuguesa. Português brasileiro. Norma. Brasil.
“Eu tinha trago um cigarro antes que tivesse chego em casa”: um estudo sobre a emergência de novas formas de particípio no PB
Authors: Lopes de Melo Marcelo Alexandre Silva , Souza de Deus Débora
Published: February 2025

Este trabalho observa a variação de formas no particípio passado no PB, buscando explicar a emergência e uso de formas inovadoras, tais como trago e chego. Estudos sobre o PB (Barbosa, 1993; Lobato 1999; Silva, 2008; Miara, 2013) mostraram que, em relação a formas inovadoras de particípio passado que estão sendo produzidas, os falantes teriam uma certa preferência pelas formas irregulares. Para atingir os objetivos do trabalho, dois experimentos (um de produção e outro de avaliação) foram aplicados a jovens falantes universitários. O suporte teórico do trabalho conjuga os pressupostos da Sociolinguística Variacionista (Weinreich, Labov e Herzog, 1968) e dos Modelos de Exemplares (Bybee, 2001, 2010; Pierrerrumbert, 2003, 2016. Conjugando os resultados de ambos os experimentos, é possível argumentar que a emergência das novas formas de particípio se deva a um processo de analogia por meio do qual formas já existentes na língua (chego e trago) sejam capturadas por redes mais robustas de formas de particípio (pego e pago), tendo em vista a similaridade fonética (presença da consoante [ɡ]) e o fato de serem itens já existentes na língua (verbos na forma de 1ª pessoa do singular, presente do indicativo). Além disso, a avaliação já não estigmatizada das formas inovadoras entre falante com maior escolaridade pode funcionar como um fator de propagação dessas formas pela comunidade de fala.Palavras-chave: Particípio. Variação e mudança. Modelo de Exemplares.
Gentrification
Authors: Carelli Francesco
Published: February 2025

Entire urban areas change appearance. There is a turnover of people belonging to different social classes: from proletarians and middle class to upper middle class. With little administrative and political control, the interests of construction companies spread.
Decoding Oral Cavity Lesions: Identifying Cancerous and Non-Cancerous Lesions
Authors: Munesh Gami Vismit
Published: February 2025

Oral lesions are common abnormalities that affect the tissues in the oral cavity, including the lips, tongue, cheeks, and gums.[1] These lesions can be categorized into two main types: cancerous and non-cancerous. While both types may present similar symptoms, their underlying causes, treatment approaches, and prognoses differ significantly. Identifying and differentiating these cancerous lesions from non-cancerous ones aids in planning the treatment and preventing the metastasis of the cancerous lesions from the oral cavity to various other organs.