bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Portée et limites de la liberté de choix en éducation
Authors: Chevaillier Thierry
Published: February 2025

Les progrès de la scolarisation dans le monde se sont accompagnés d’une multiplication et d’une diversification des formations offertes par les systèmes éducatifs, afin, en particulier, de mieux préparer les jeunes à des métiers plus qualifiés et plus évolutifs. Les jeunes et leurs parents ont demandé et obtenu une plus grande liberté de choisir leurs parcours scolaires, ce qui a contribué à augmenter les risques de discrimination sociale et de déséquilibres dans le fonctionnement de l’école. Pour tenter de réduire ces risques, on a accru la flexibilité des parcours menant à l’emploi, rendant ainsi plus complexe l’orientation scolaire. Ce dossier présente dix études sur les cas de : Dubaï, l’Espagne, la Chine, le Burundi, l’Australie, l’Algérie, l’Estonie, l’Allemagne, l’Uruguay et la France.
Un conflit structurel entre voie académique et voie professionnelle : le cas de l’Estonie
Authors: Loogma Krista
Published: February 2025

Avec sa réforme de l’éducation de 1991, l’Estonie se dote d’un système scolaire global visant à offrir à tous les élèves la meilleure éducation possible, dans un système éducatif désormais acquis aux principes néolibéraux et devenu assez sélectif. La plupart des choix décisifs des élèves pour la suite de leur parcours scolaire et professionnel sont faits à l’issue de la scolarité obligatoire. L’article analyse les causes et conséquences d’un conflit structurel entre la voie académique et la voie professionnelle, qui persiste malgré la mise en place d’une politique visant à favoriser la mobilité entre ces deux voies dans le cadre d’une éducation tout au long de la vie.
Le difficile chemin vers l’égalité des chances dans le choix des études en Allemagne
Authors: Zettelmeier Werner
Published: February 2025

Cet article aborde un aspect essentiel de l’égalité des chances dans l’accès à l’éducation en Allemagne, à savoir le choix du parcours dans un enseignement secondaire différencié et hiérarchisé entre plusieurs filières de durée et à contenus pédagogiques différents. Ce choix fortement déterminé par le milieu social de l’élève est fait à la sortie de l’école élémentaire de quatre ans. Les pouvoirs publics ouest-allemands ont mis progressivement en place depuis les années 1970 un dispositif de conseil en orientation dont l’enseignant conseiller, présent dans chaque établissement scolaire, est le maître d’œuvre. L’article analyse en deuxième partie les missions de ces enseignants sous forme d’une étude de cas du Land de Bavière.
Des autels d’Alexandre aux colonnes indiennes d’Héraclès ou comment passer de l’histoire au mythe
Authors: Muckensturm-Poulle Claire
Published: February 2025

Résumé : Le but de cet article est de montrer comment, chez les auteurs grecs de l’époque romaine, le thème des limites spatiales de l’avancée d’Alexandre vers l’est varie en fonction des genres littéraires. Pour les historiens Diodore, Plutarque et Arrien, Alexandre a construit douze autels au bord de l’Hyphase afin de donner une dimension héroïque au terme de sa conquête. Pour le géographe Strabon, les Macédoniens ont interprété certaines formes du paysage indien comme les vestiges des colonnes qu’Héraclès avait érigées à l’exact opposé des stèles occidentales. Chez les romanciers Philostrate et le pseudo-Callisthène, les colonnes deviennent des monuments réels dont la portée symbolique s’ajoute à celle des autels d’Alexandre.
Caractérisation par analyse chimique des enduits organiques de la coque du bateau cousu préromain Poreč 1 (Croatie)
Authors: Couillebault Quentin , Charrié-Duhaut Armelle , Boetto Giulia
Published: February 2025

Résumé : Sept prélèvements d’enduit d’étanchéité couvrant le bateau cousu du début du ier siècle avant J.-C. Poreč 1, découvert dans le port de la colonie de Parentium, actuelle Poreč/Parenzo en Istrie (Croatie), ont été étudiés pour en définir la composition. Les résultats ont été comparés aux analyses effectuées sur les enduits couvrant les parois internes de trois amphores importées découvertes dans le comblement du même port antique. Les analyses par spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (IRTF) ont montré que les enduits de l’embarcation présentent des degrés d’aromatisation différents et un niveau d’oxydation moindre par rapport à ceux présents sur les amphores. L’analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (CPG-SM) de deux échantillons, l’un provenant de Poreč 1 et l’autre d’une des amphores, indique qu’il s’agit de produits dérivés de Pinacées, issus du traitement thermique soit de résine soit de bois de Pinacées. Les enduits des parois d’amphores correspondent à de la poix, un goudron obtenu par chauffage en conditions contrôlées de bois de Pinacées. Pour les enduits de Poreč 1, il existe encore un doute sur leur nature précise, goudron ou résine chauffée ?
Emperadores y esclavos
Authors: Rodríguez Garrido Jacobo
Published: February 2025

Esta obra se aproxima a algunos aspectos fundamentales de la legislación imperial sobre esclavitud promulgada durante el largo siglo que separa los reinados de Trajano y Alejandro Severo (98-235 d.C.). El objetivo último del volumen es alcanzar una mayor compresión de la ideología esclavista romana, ahondando en las razones que llevaron a los emperadores y a las élites romanas a legislar y modificar una institución tan cruel como esencial para el mantenimiento del status quo y el buen funcionamiento de la sociedad en la que vivían.
Le Dommage écologique
Authors: Fuchs Olivier
Published: February 2025

Marées noires et algues vertes, disparition de zones naturelles remarquables et extinction d’espèces protégées : le dommage écologique constitue le symptôme le plus visible des conséquences de nos modes de vie et de nos excès sur l’environnement. Scientifiquement constaté, socialement ressenti, il reste encore difficilement réparable sur le plan juridique. Ce qui appelle à une évolution du droit en vigueur.Olivier Fuchs propose ici une définition juridique opérationnelle de la notion de dommage écologique. Il analyse l’essor progressif de la responsabilité des pollueurs, conforté par l’apparition de nouveaux gisements d’obligations de réparation, et examine les défis qui restent à relever. Il plaide en définitive pour une adaptation raisonnée du droit de la responsabilité, afin de permettre la mise en œuvre effective d’une responsabilité pour dommage écologique.
Comment préserver les ressources naturelles ?
Authors: Ballet Jérôme , Koffi Kouamékan Jean-Marcel , Koména Kouadio Boniface , Randrianalijaona Tiana Mahéfasoa
Published: February 2025

La gestion participative des ressources naturelles a été imposée aux pays en développement par les bailleurs de fonds internationaux dans les années 1990. Cette nouvelle modalité de gestion des ressources se construit en théorie avec l’appui des populations locales pour leur propre bénéfice. Dans la réalité, elle tend plutôt à s’imposer à elles. Elle les détourne de l’accès à des ressources sanctuarisées. Elle favorise globalement la captation de rente par l’État et certaines ONG de conservation. Les projets de gestion participative se révèlent alors souvent inadaptés pour les populations. Ils renforcent les inégalités sociales au niveau local et ne parviennent pas à réduire de manière substantielle la dégradation des ressources naturelles. Un tel constat plaide donc pour une reconfiguration de cette gestion sur la base d’une véritable démocratie participative et pour le développement de processus longs permettant un véritable apprentissage collectif.
B. Traven et les écritures successives – Versions françaises du roman Le Trésor de la Sierra Madre
Authors: Sommerlat-Michas Anne
Published: February 2025

Cette contribution examine les traductions en France du roman de l’écrivain B. Traven (1882-1969), Le Trésor de la Sierra Madre, dont la particularité est d’exister à l’état original sous deux versions : une version allemande et une version américaine. Le premier roman est publié par Traven en 1927, trois ans après son exil au Mexique, sous le titre Der Schatz der Sierra Madre. La version américaine, sous le même titre, The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, date de 1935. La première traduction en langue française du roman est publiée à la Guilde du Livre pour un public suisse (traduction de Henri Bonifas, et adapatation de Charles Baudouin), et se réfère au texte allemand ; cette traduction est rééditée à Paris en 1951 par Calmann-Lévy à l’initiative de Manès Sperber. Le manque de données biographiques sur l’écrivain jusqu’à récemment entraîne une hésitation sur la langue originale dans laquelle est rédigé le texte, présumée allemande ou anglaise selon les rééditions. Constatant que la première traduction française consiste partiellement en une adaptation, la question d’une retraduction se pose à la faveur de l’actualité éditoriale de l’auteur au début des années 2000. La maison d’édition parisienne Sillage propose une traduction de la version américaine, facilitée par l’étroite collaboration entre l’éditeur et le traducteur Paul Jimenes. La connaissance de l’œuvre de B. Traven reste marquée par les contraintes d’ordre linguistique et éditorial qui, depuis l’origine, en ont jalonné la réception.
Die Macht des Herausgebers aus textgenetischer Sicht: Friedhelm Kemps Übersetzungen zwischen Raub und Recycling
Authors: Hartmann Esa Christine
Published: February 2025

Als Herausgeber und Übersetzer der Werke des französischen Dichters Saint-John Perse (1887-1975) im Heimeran Verlag München beschreibt Friedhelm Kemp im ersten Band der Ausgabe Saint-John Perse. Das dichterische Werk in einem ausführlichen Nachwort sein editorisches Vorgehen, das auch seine übersetzerischen Entscheidungen darlegt und begründet. So erfährt der Leser der Gesamtausgabe, dass Kemps Übersetzungen der Gedichte Éloges, Anabase und Exil auf den Übersetzungen seiner Vorgänger Rudolf Kassner, Walter Benjamin und Leonharda Gescher aufbauen, die somit eine intertextuelle Grundlage bilden. Diese „Vereinigung“ mehrerer Übersetzungswerke in den Endübersetzungen Kemps als „Ergebnis einer langjährigen Zusammenarbeit“ zeigt dabei die Macht des Herausgebers, der von der Integration der Werke seiner Vorgänger Gebrauch macht, indem er zwar die jeweiligen Autoren nennt, aber die Entlehnungen im Text nicht als Zitate kennzeichnet. Wie diese Eingliederung der Vorübersetzungen tatsächlich erfolgte, verraten uns die überlieferten Manuskripte der verschiedenen Übersetzungen des Werkes von Saint-John Perse, die das Korpus dieser Studie bilden und den kollektiven Übersetzungsprozess über zwei Generationen hinweg beleuchten.
« Aux limites du possible. » L’édition en RDA, entre contraintes et libertés
Authors: Risterucci-Roudnicky Danielle
Published: February 2025

En RDA, l’édition dépendait de l’orientation politique et idéologique du SED (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands/Parti socialiste unifié d’Allemagne) qui contrôlait tous les domaines de la vie sociale et culturelle. Il a résulté de cette structure un ensemble de contraintes et d’interdits qui ont inhibé et entravé le travail des professionnels du livre : directeurs et lecteurs de maisons d’édition, médiateurs du champ littéraire et traducteurs. La réception de la littérature française publiée en RDA durant quarante ans permet de dresser un inventaire des censures qui ont affecté le monde de l’édition, mais surtout de cerner les formes de résistance à ce carcan : le contournement de la censure a été au centre des pratiques éditoriales et l’un de ses enjeux majeurs. C’est ainsi que le fonctionnement de l’édition en RDA enrichit indirectement la réflexion sur la censure éditoriale.
From the Conceived Space to the Lived Space: Who Actually Benefits from the “Transition” of Pyrenean Tourism Areas? The Case of the Ax Valleys in Haute-Ariège
Authors: Bardou Emma , Pelenc Jérôme
Published: February 2025

This article analyses the socio-spatial reconfigurations of a specific Pyrenean tourism area, the Ax valleys in Haute-Ariège, within a “transition” context of an economic model that is gasping for life, that of ski resorts. Through the prism of radical geography, namely relying on the works of Henri Lefebvre and David Harvey, it questions the opportunity that this pivotal moment could very well represent in terms of a geographical restructuring of capital which tends to (re)produce a space of its own. Using the results of a field survey carried out among inhabitants of the Ax valleys and actors in the Pyrenean mountains tourism development process, this article highlights the gap between the conceived space, designed by the actors of said planning, and the space that is actually lived by its inhabitants. On the one hand, the conceived space resembles a leisure business in which public and private partners join forces to make the necessary investments in order to run it while also having a tendency to absorb each resource for profit. The image of the territory, its “collective symbolic capital” linked to tourist imaginaries, is also exploited to boost its attractiveness and bring in new tourists, residents and businesses from the cities. We show how this territory acquires a certain centrality, representing a reserve for the city, both in terms of land and in a symbolic sense. On the other hand, the conceived space overrides the lived space by limiting inhabitants’ opportunities to appropriate their territory, especially those who are less privileged. The logics of tourism development challenge the liveability of the territory, especially given the subsequent difficulties of access to housing, but also due to the lack of places for social bonding and collective organisation of the inhabitants.
The Role of Bodily Control and Resistance through Care in the Making of the French-Italian Alpine Border near Briançon
Authors: Velay Daphné , Chassouant Camille , Malbrunot Léna
Published: February 2025

Since 2015, France has stepped up controls at its border with Italy in the area near Briançon, a town in the Hautes-Alpes. Mobile patrols in the mountains are tasked with spotting, arresting and removing migrants considered to be ‘ESI’ (illegal foreign nationals), with the filtering role of the Alpine border reflected in a policy of targeting and expelling the bodies of illegalised migrants. The colossal resources dedicated to this migration control apparatus mean that migrants have to brave the hostile conditions of the mountains to avoid systematic pushbacks and violation of their rights. The particular climatic conditions and topography of this border space allow the authorities to invoke the “risks” incurred in order to present themselves as pursuing a sheltering mission, adopting an ambivalent securitisation/humanitarian rhetoric to justify these controls. But the conditions under which arrested migrants are granted access to healthcare remain arbitrary, and border crossings have a significant impact on health: the border is an exhausting and injuring space. In opposition to this border violence, the practices of rescue and care, whether they are asserted via maraude outreach patrols in the mountains or at the Terrasses Solidaires centre in Briançon, challenge the biopower that the state claims for itself over the lives of illegalised migrants. The occupation and appropriation of the space by maraude volunteers is helping to redefine the border, while at the same time challenging the relations of domination that shape the border space. The conflictual relations between the police and Médecins du Monde volunteer health workers centre on the diagnoses made by the latter, and decisions to provide medical care and shelter to the migrants they meet in the mountains. When these decisions clash with police controls, health workers find themselves having to negotiate, and to emphasise the vulnerability of these people and their right to receive care.
Architectural Education
Authors: Nag Aditi , Boricha Jinal , Sarkar Amrita
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into architectural education, highlighting the challenges and opportunities in this dynamic intersection. AI technologies are increasingly influential across industries, but the integration faces challenges in reconciling AI's computational prowess with the nuanced creativity of architectural expression. Ethical considerations arise regarding the authenticity of AI-generated designs and potential disruptions to traditional design processes. However, AI integration enriches architectural education by introducing generative design tools, data-driven analysis, and aligning students with the evolving architectural landscape. Successfully addressing integration challenges can lead to amplified creative exploration, data-driven architectural solutions, and collaborative synergies. Adaptive pedagogical approaches can harness AI's potential, fostering graduates capable of harnessing AI's advantages while preserving architectural ingenuity.
The Importance of Qualitative Research in the Aviation Industry
Authors: Subrahmanyam Satya
Published: February 2025

This chapter emphasizes the indispensable role of qualitative research in advancing the aviation industry. It begins by outlining the necessity and significant contributions of qualitative methods, which delve into complex aviation dynamics often overlooked by quantitative approaches. The discussion explores how qualitative research uncovers nuanced insights into operational challenges, passenger experiences, and organizational cultures within aviation. Examples illustrate its impact, from improving safety protocols based on pilot fatigue studies to enhancing customer service through insights into passenger preferences. The chapter advocates for broader recognition and integration of qualitative research in aviation education and practice, aiming to foster innovation and informed decision-making across the industry.
Focus Group Research and Applicability of Focus Groups in the Air Transport Studies
Authors: Colak Ozlem
Published: February 2025

The focus group approach is one of the key methods in qualitative research and provides a detailed outlook on the research topic and problem. Therefore, this chapter first explores the focus groups and later the application of this methodology in air transport studies. The aim is to understand the nature of the focus groups and explore the areas where this could be applied in air transport research. The focus groups are a significant part of the qualitative research due to providing in-depth and explorative approaches with a dynamic background. This method could also be applied to multiple settings in business studies from management, marketing, organizational culture, and communication to operations and service or product design. The chapter starts with the general outlook of the focus groups and provides key areas to follow in applying this method. Finally, the application of focus groups in air transport and business studies is explored through studies from the literature which could guide future research.
Resilience and Human-Centric Perspectives for Organizations in Industry 5.0
Authors: Ansrose R. , Anand Ila
Published: February 2025

In the emerging world researchers put forward the idea of industry 5.0, focusing on the concept of human centricity, sustainability and resilience approaches in the organizations. Industry 5.0 includes technological advancement along with giving importance to the human capital. During the past, the industrial revolution emphasized the productivity, production quality and growth of business. There was less importance for the human capital and employees well being in the changing industrial style giving importance to the human capital, by integrating technological advancements. It is recognised for the societal values that are embedded, the whole industry 5.0 revolves around sustainability, human centric and resilience in the organization. In this book chapter we explore the concept and applicability of these topics. The book chapter used literature review method and case study analysis for thorough understanding of the subject.
How Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) Creates Value
Authors: Göksidan Hadi Tolga , Solakoğlu Erhan
Published: February 2025

Aerospace and Defense (A&D) companies are increasingly focusing on New Product Development (NPD) as a way to create value. This study examines common methods for enhancing value within the context of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) in the A&D industry. The study provides examples of widely used value enhancement techniques related to PLM. It suggests that organizations can achieve sustainable value creation by fostering collaboration among project stakeholders. This collaborative approach, implemented through NPD strategies, aims to deliver value by consistently achieving project objectives. The study emphasizes the importance of a robust and sustainable PLM design across collaborative project networks, such as supply chains, as a crucial factor in mitigating the risk of suboptimal value creation. Furthermore, the article highlights a positive correlation between value creation in the A&D industry and the effective implementation of PLM practices in project risk management.
Cloud Computing Adoption in Government Organizations in Developing Countries
Authors: Alkhasawneh Raghed , Cob Zaihisma Che , Latif Aliza Binti Abdul
Published: February 2025

Cloud computing adoption in e-government offers significant benefits yet presents unique challenges, particularly for developing countries. While existing research has focused on technical aspects, this study expands the analysis to investigate broader determinants of cloud adoption from technological, organizational, environmental, and individual perspectives. A systematic literature review was conducted across six scholarly databases and identified 40 primary studies. The findings emphasize the importance of adopting an integrated organizational-individual perspective to understand cloud adoption better. The study proposes a multi-dimensional conceptual framework for cloud adoption in government organizations and recommends further empirical validation of this model. This review provides decision-makers and managers in the government sector with practical insights for addressing adoption challenges, enhancing service delivery, and increasing cloud computing acceptance rate within government organizations.
Navigating Technological Uncertainty
Authors: Chakraborty Debarun , Oberoi Sarbjit Singh , Rana Nripendra P. , Rajan Rishabh
Published: February 2025

The study explores the relationship between an organization's survival and its digital knowledge management (DKM) in a rapidly changing digital world. It emphasizes the role of acquiring, sharing, and applying knowledge digitally in organizational adaptation and competitiveness. The research utilizes current literature and theoretical frameworks to explore the importance of systems thinking and organization learning for sustainability purposes. Moreover, it examines how technological uncertainty influences these relationships. The study recruited 479 employees working in manufacturing firms in India and employed partial least squares for data analysis. The findings suggest that when companies seek to maximize resource efficiency while minimizing environmental impact, they must improve their digital knowledge processes. This work aims to provide insights for organizations seeking to benefit from digital technology without endangering global sustainability efforts, and to provide appropriate recommendations.
Dialogic theology of missions as a response to the global refugee phenomenon
Authors: Sigamoney Shakespeare , Nkrumah-Pobi Samuel K.B.
Published: February 2025

The legacies of colonialism on both the colonised and coloniser is one thing that our world cannot escape in contemporary times. In most of the places, colonialism came with its own form of Christianity. This colonial Christianity was based on the idea of exclusion, homogenisation and conquering the other. Thus, the combination of the ideals of colonialism and Christianity brought about a type of nationalism, which was monologic. This monologic nationalism as an ideology not only creates refugees but also generates a monological ‘unity’ among the people in the country of arrival against these refugees. This poses a danger to humanity as a whole. Thus, it is important for scholars of religion and theology to deconstruct ideas on the line of monologic nationalism and embrace a form of nationalism that is dialogical in nature. In this regard, this article using Mikhail Bakhtin’s idea of dialogism as its framework attempts to construct a dialogic theology of missions as a response to the global refugee phenomenon. The article argues that there must be a shift from colonial missions, which are monologic in nature to a dialogic theology of missions grounded in World Christianity.Contribution: This article attempts to point out a key legacy of colonialism and colonial Christianity: the creation of refugees, which often has not been looked at by many scholars. The problem lies not with ‘Christianity’ as a religion, but the type of Christianity being practised. Addressing this practice demands a shift from colonial Christianity to World Christianity, which is embedded within its solutions to the global refugee crisis that the world is currently facing.
Adverse drug reactions of first-line antitubercular drugs: A retrospective study on characteristics, management, factors, and impacts
Authors: Oh Ai Ling , Makmor-Bakry Mohd , Islahudin Farida , Ting Chuo Yew , Chan Swee Kim , Tie Siew Teck
Published: February 2025

Objective:

To elucidate the characteristics, management strategies, risk factors, and clinical impacts associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) induced by first-line antitubercular drugs to enhance tuberculosis (TB) management.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study was conducted by retrieving drug-susceptible TB records among adult patients who received TB treatment from 2018 to 2021 at 10 public health clinics in Sarawak, Malaysia. Only the initial TB treatment and occurrence of specific ADRs within the study period were considered. Regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors associated with both overall ADRs and individual types of ADRs.

Results:

Among 2 953 cases, 705 (23.9%) developed ADRs. Cutaneous reactions were the most prevalent (47.1%), followed by hepatotoxicity (32.8%) and gastrointestinal disturbances (29.8%). Six out of seven types of ADRs investigated occurred within the intensive phase, mostly manifesting at approximately 2 weeks of initiation. Hepatotoxicity resulted in the majority (85.3%) of treatment discontinuations, while vision problems led to treatment modifications in half of the cases. Risk factors for all ADRs included age ≥60 years, females, illicit drug use, and comorbidities such as HIV-positive, diabetes, and chronic liver disease. Alcohol consumption was independently associated with hepatotoxicity. ADRs caused around one-third of interruptions exceeding 2 weeks (33.0%) and subsequently necessitated treatment restarts (34.5%).

Conclusions:

Understanding these various aspects contributes to improving the overall management of ADRs in TB treatment. Close ADR monitoring and reporting are essential to strengthen ADR management.
Knowledge and Practice of TB Notification among the Private Health Care Providers in Eastern India
Authors: Akshaya R , Behera Binod Kumar , Patro Binod Kumar , Singh Arvind Kumar
Published: February 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) has been a notifiable disease since 2012. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of private health care providers (PHCPs) regarding TB notification and to identify the physician-level and health system-level factors determining knowledge and practice of TB notification. A cross-sectional study was done in the field practice area of AIIMS Bhubaneswar. The study was conducted from February 2020 to May 2021 in Odisha. PHCPs from all systems of medicine were included in the study. The sample size was calculated to be 138. A self-administered semistructured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Multivariable logistic regression was done to identify the association between the independent and dependent variables. A total of 89 PHCPs were recruited into the study. Among them, 57 (64%) of the PHCPs were aware of TB notification, whereas 24 (42%) had ever notified a case of TB. All PHCPs who had ever diagnosed or treated a TB case were aware of TB notification. The factors associated with TB notification were the clinical setting of practice, diagnosed more than one TB case in the past 1 year, and those who worked in the government setting in the past 2 years. The knowledge and practice of TB notification were low among PHCPs. More frequent and mandatory sensitization training should be conducted for all PHCPs to increase awareness about TB notification.
Going through it Alone: A Cross-sectional Study on the Prevalence of Loneliness among Medical, Nursing, and Paramedical Students in a Health Science Academy in Bangalore, India
Authors: Mangali Navya P. , Joseph Bobby , Joseph Merlyn , Tellis Vilas M.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Life of students enrolled in a medical academy is stressful and often demanding in various aspects. Frequently, such students tend to be lonely. The prevalence of this problem has not been assessed and has been given little attention in medical schools. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of loneliness among medical, nursing, and paramedical undergraduate students in a Health Science Academy in Bangalore and to assess the factors associated with loneliness among the study population.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 400 students of a Health Science Academy and the selection of the subjects was performed by stratified random sampling. Each student was given a self-administered questionnaire which comprised of two sections. Section 1 which included the sociodemographic details and Section 2 was the revised UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) scale (Version 3).

Results:

Prevalence of loneliness among the students in the academy was found to be 52%. Factors associated with loneliness and possibly contributing to it were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Pearson Chi-square test. The factors that impacted loneliness significantly were language familiarity, academics, relationships with friends, and family, health problems, and involvement in physical activities.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of loneliness among the students was found to be 52%. There were various factors, but despite such worrisome scores, the health science academy still ranks high in surveys that assess personality development as part of college rankings in the country. Further research would be needed to know the exact direction of association between loneliness and the associated factors.
A Qualitative Study of the Medical Student’s Perception on Sexual Violence and its Determinants in the Society
Authors: Veena V , Dayanand Lekhana , Shruthi MN , Nakkeeran Guruckeeran , Seeri Jayashree S.
Published: February 2025

Background:

Sexual violence against women is a major concern. Perceptions from current medical students could help draw better solutions to alleviate this growing menace in the community. Hence, this study was planned to explore the perceptions of medical college students on sexual violence and its determinants in society.

Materials and Methods:

This exploratory qualitative study was conducted among 39 medical college students in Bangalore for a period of two months from September to October 2021 after obtaining Institutional Ethics Committee approval. Four focus group discussions were conducted using a focus group discussion guide and all the discussions were audiotaped. Using Microsoft Word, an inductive thematic approach was used for data analysis.

Results:

The majority of the participants perceived Sexual violence as “which harms both physically and mentally”. Among the various causes quoted, the patriarchal mindset of society was the most common, followed by ignorance and lack of education among women. Students perceived that changing mindset of people and taking personal precautions at the individual level, enforcing women work staff, family and societal changes, changes in the judiciary system, improvement of city infrastructure, and changes in the education system as a solution to overcome it.

Conclusions:

To improve women’s safety, prevention of sexual violence against women is of utmost importance. A multifactorial approach at the individual level and the level of policymaking is needed to target all the causative factors and ensure a safer society for women.
Nutritional Status of Children and its Relation to Maternal Factors: An Endeavor Toward Better-Nourished Western Rural India
Authors: Jasani Krishna M. , Gosalia Vibha V. , Misra Shobha V.
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Malnutrition has a direct impact on infant mortality rate and under-five mortality rates, which are prime indicators of the health status of a country. COVID-19 has also substantially affected the nutritional status of children. Hence, the objective is to highlight the magnitude of malnutrition and associated maternal factors in rural areas of Rajkot district.

Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2021 to May 2022 among children up to six years of age registered in the Anganwadi centers (AWCs) of Rajkot district. To achieve the desired sample size of 504, a multi-stage sampling method was used. Statistical significance for all comparisons was based on the Chi-square test and factors with P value <0.05 were considered for binary logistic regression. For nutritional status assessment, a Z-score was obtained using WHO Anthro 2011 software.

Results:

Out of the total 504 participants, 50.2% were female and 49.8% were male. The mean age of the participants was 32.43 ± 18.7 months Prevalence of underweight, stunting, and wasting was found to be 39.1%, 36.7%, and 30.5%, respectively. After adjustment by binary logistic regression, a significant correlation was found between different forms of malnutrition and the age of participants, education of the mother, type of family, socio-economic class, mother’s age at the birth of participants, and birth weight. (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The prevalence of acute malnutrition (wasting) is higher than the national, state, and regional average in this study. Thus, more emphasis should be given to better utilization of services such as nutritional supplementation, nutritional rehabilitation, and growth monitoring along with treatment of morbidities.
Spatial Variations in the Risk Factors of Hypertension Across Different Age Groups in Indian Adults: Insights from the Fifth Round of NFHS (2019-21)
Authors: Mittal Anshu , Gupta Shilpi , Natt Harsimranjit K. , Verma Madhur , Bharadwaz Mrinmoy P. , Goel Sonu
Published: February 2025

Background:

Hypertension (HTN) is the second leading risk factor for men, accounting for 125 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in men and 90 million in women making it the leading risk factor globally. The study was planned to determine the prevalence and patterns of different risk factors of HTN and how they vary across different stages of life in adulthood and to develop a comprehensive risk score to predict HTN and observe its variations across the other states of India.

Methodology:

This study is based on secondary data analysis provided by the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), and the survey was conducted among women aged 15–49 years and men aged 15–54 years. Demographic details, history of smoking and alcohol intake, presence of other morbidities, measurement of physical parameters, and blood pressure (BP) were the critical information collected from the population. The comprehensive risk score was also developed.

Results:

Age-wise prevalence of HTN was 34% among males older than 45 years and 28% among females of the same age. The presence of diabetes was also found to be a significant risk factor. Statistical HTN analysis has shown a significant correlation between BP values and total risk scores in males and females (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Assessing the risk factor profile can be highly beneficial as the two distributions are closely in sync, that is, where risk factor scores are lower, prevalence is higher.
Risk of Substance Use Among LGBTQI+ Community Affected by Lifetime and Day-to-day Discrimination – Results from a Cross-sectional Study Performed in South India
Authors: Ramanathan Divya , George Neethu , Menon Aparna , Kanthasamy Kiran , Dharmaraj Rock Britto
Published: February 2025

Background:

Stressors from discrimination (lifetime and day-to-day) can be precipitated as mental health problems particularly substance use among marginalized subjects including LGBTQI+ community. The study assessed substance use among LGBTQI+ adults and its association with lifetime and day-to-day discrimination.

Materials and Methods:

The study was performed as a cross-sectional design among 254 LGBTQI+ adults above the age of 18 years where substance use was measured using WHO – ASSIST V.3 questionnaire and discrimination was evaluated using a lifetime and day-to-day assessing questionnaire. The analysis of risk of substance use amid discrimination was measured using logistic regression.

Results:

Among the subjects 64.2% were Gay men with a mean (SD) age of 30.67 (6.05) years. In lifetime discrimination, experience of discrimination was found to be always present during the enquiries for any housing among 11 (4.3%) while in day-to-day discrimination, the experience was always present in public places among 11 (4.3%) and public transport 13 (5.1%). In substance use risk score, 169 (66.5%) subjects showed a moderate risk for using any alcohol beverages and 135 (53.1%) showed a moderate risk in using any tobacco related products. The analysis showed a significant positive association between the discrimination and substance use (alcohol and tobacco related) among LGBTQI+ adults.

Conclusion:

The increased proportion of substance use among the LGBTQI+ community is linked with the discrimination suffered by the individuals, which is to be addressed by society in a deeper and specific manner.
Prevalence and Determinants of Suspected Reproductive Tract Infection/Sexually Transmitted Infection among Women of a Reproductive Age Group (15–49 Years) in Rural Puducherry
Authors: Ganesamoorthy Karthika , Jayaseelan Venkatachalam , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Sarkar Sonali , Munisamy Malathi , Sakthivel Manikandanesan
Published: February 2025

Background:

Reproductive tract infection (RTI) and sexually transmitted infection (STI) comprise a hidden epidemic causing significant health and economic consequences. There is a paucity of literature on RTI/STI prevalence and health seeking behavior among South Indian reproductive women. Hence, we carried out this study in rural Puducherry to ascertain the prevalence, contributing factors, and treatment-seeking behavior of suspected RTI/STI among women of a reproductive age.

Materials and Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural field practice area of JIPMER, Puducherry, between September 2018 and January 2020. Symptoms suggestive of RTI/STI were assessed according to the syndromic approach guidelines devised by World Health Organization for RTI/STI. Point estimates were reported as proportions with 95% confidence interval (CI). Log binomial regression was performed to identify the factors associated with suspected RTI/STI.

Results:

In total, 370 reproductive age group women participated in the study. The prevalence of suspected RTI/STI was 29.2% (95% CI: 24.6%–34.1%). Vaginal discharge (96.3%) was the most common RTI/STI symptom. Nearly 40% had history of similar symptoms in the past. Nearly one third (30.9%) did not seek care in any health facility. In multivariable analysis, women aged 15–19 years had higher risk of having suspected RTI/STI (aPR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.02–4.25) when compared to women aged 40–49 years. Women using copper-T had 1.69 times higher risk of having suspected RTI/STI (aPR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.13–2.52) when compared to women using other forms of contraceptives.

Conclusion:

Almost one in three reproductive age women had suspected RTI/STI in rural Puducherry. Almost one-third of them did not seek care from any health facility.
Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices Regarding Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Feeding (MIYCF) among Women Living in Tea Estates of Dibrugarh District: A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Mahanta Tulika G. , Saikia Mridushman
Published: February 2025

Background:

Despite global efforts, malnutrition remains a significant contributor to under-five mortality. Current study, aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to maternal, infant, and young child feeding (MIYCF) among women with children aged 0-23 months, working in tea estates of the Dibrugarh district.

Methods:

Community-based cross-sectional study using mixed-method design conducted in 2022. The quantitative study involved 198 women selected through multistage sampling, while the qualitative segment included focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with healthcare providers. SPSS version 25 and Atlas Ti software are used for quantitative and qualitative data analysis, respectively.

Results:

A discernible gap between knowledge and practices highlighted the necessity for targeted behavioral interventions. Cultural norms, dietary restrictions, and traditional practices affecting MIYCF were documented in a qualitative study. Service providers identified economic conditions, ignorance, and reliance on traditional healers as contributing factors to malnutrition.

Conclusion:

Holistic, culturally sensitive interventions are pivotal to addressing the intricate interplay between knowledge, societal norms, and MIYCF practices in the tea estates of Dibrugarh.
Comparative Pain Score (Numeric Rating Scale-II) Analysis of Pre-existing and a Newly Introduced 4 mm Pen Needles in Indian Population with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kesavadev Jothydev , Chandran Gopika Beena , Sreelakshmi R. , Krishnan Gopika , Basanth Anjana
Published: February 2025

Background:

For the majority of people with diabetes, one of the main reasons for denying or delaying insulin therapy is an extreme fear of pain during insulin injections. However, in this digital era, quantum leaps in needle technologies open novel avenues for painless injections.

Aim:

The longitudinal observational study, conducted in a comprehensive diabetes care center in Kerala, India, evaluates the effectiveness of a recently introduced 4 mm needle and 4 mm needles hitherto in India to reduce pain during insulin injection in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and T2DM using the numeric rating scale (NRS-II) pain score.

Results:

The statistical analyses revealed that the newly introduced 4 mm needle significantly reduced pain in the cohort with type 2 diabetes compared to the existing 4 mm needles routinely used by the cohort. Regarding the cohort with type 1 diabetes, even though the use of the newly introduced needle reduced pain while taking injections, the NRS-II pain score was not statistically significant, which may be due to the small sample size, noncompliance to advanced needle technologies. The study also analyzes the influence of demographic factors on the pain score.

Conclusion:

In the wholesome attempt, the study urges using advanced needle technologies for painless insulin injections and improved diabetes management.
Distinctive lorazepam response in catatonia with cognitive impairment
Authors: Shahi Mohit Kumar , Ashwin J V , Singh Astha
Published: February 2025

Catatonia, a complex syndrome characterized by immobility and communication impairment, presents with varying responses to lorazepam treatment among individuals with different cognitive impairments and underlying dementias. This study examines a case series involving four distinct catatonic patients to elucidate the factors contributing to the variable lorazepam response. Although lorazepam, a GABAergic modulator, can effectively alleviate symptoms in some cases, its limited impact in others highlights the intricate interplay between the underlying pathophysiology of diverse dementias and treatment mechanisms. This abstract provides insights into the intricate relationship between neurochemical pathways, catatonic symptoms, and treatment approaches, shedding light on the complexities of managing catatonia in the context of cognitive impairments and dementias.
Psychometric evaluation of smartphone addiction scale – short version (SAS-SV) among young adults of India
Authors: Felix George , Sharma Manoj K. , Anand Nitin , Bhaskarapillai Binukumar , Srivastava Kalpana
Published: February 2025

Background:

Although smartphones have considerable utility, they also have addiction potential. The early detection of problematic smartphone use (PSU) can have significant implications for managing its psychosocial consequences. Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV), initially developed for South Korean adolescents, has emerged as a reliable measure for adults across countries. However, SAS-SV continues to be used unvalidated in India.

Aim:

To evaluate the psychometric properties of SAS-SV for the Indian adult population.

Materials and Methods:

Content validation of SAS-SV was done by 10 experts, followed by data collection for validation using a cross-sectional design from 434 participants (Mage = 25.4; SDage = 2.6; 58.8% females). The datasheet consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire and SAS-SV. Statistical analyses comprised confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), reliability analyses, percentiles, and evaluation of sociodemographic variables.

Results:

SAS-SV’s content validity index was 0.93, and item wordings were adjusted after experts’ feedback. CFA did not show good fit indices; hence, EFA was used, which explained 44% of the variance from a unifactorial model. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.85, McDonald’s Omega was 0.86, and test-retest reliability was 0.81. There were no significant PSU differences in gender, marital status, and occupational status. Higher PSU was associated with lower age, lower education, nuclear family, and more hours of smartphone usage.

Conclusion:

The current study established the psychometric properties of SAS-SV for the Indian adult population. SAS-SV can be used for assessment and treatment monitoring of PSU.