bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HABILIDADES COGNITIVAS Y METACOGNITIVAS PARA FAVORECER EL DESARROLLO DE COMPETENCIAS EN ESTUDIANTES MEXICANOS DE EDUCACIÓN MEDIA SUPERIOR
Authors: SALINAS-QUINTANILLA Alma Ma.-del-Amparo , MÉNDEZ-HINOJOSA Luz Marina , CÁRDENAS-RODRÍGUEZ Magaly
Published: February 2025

El análisis de las habilidades cognitivas y metacognitivas en estudiantes mexicanos de educación media superior es tarea esencial para favorecer el desarrollo de competencias, en el marco de una reforma integral. En este caso, la investigación de corte cuantitativo permitió identificar variables que se relacionan de manera significativa con la temática del estudio y dio respuestas a interrogantes como: ¿cuáles son las habilidades cognitivas que favorecen el desarrollo de competencias en estudiantes de educación media superior?, ¿cuáles son las habilidades metacognitivas que favorecen el desarrollo de competencias en estudiantes de educación media superior?, en una muestra de 568 alumnos de este nivel educativo
Los resultados obtenidos, mediante instrumento escalar, permitieron identificar las habilidades cognitivas relacionadas con las estrategias para el aprendizaje (memorización y elaboración). Entre las habilidades metacognitivas se identificaron: motivación, autoconfianza, autorregulación y expectativas de rendimiento.
RECONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LA REPRESENTACIÓN DE LA IDENTIDAD NACIONAL
Authors: CAPPELLO Héctor M.
Published: February 2025

Se presenta en este artículo una evaluación de lo que se ha denominado la identidad nacional mexicana, partiendo de la concepción elaborada por Raúl Béjar Navarro y Héctor M. Cappello.
Se estudia desde una interpretación de la psicología política, definiéndose a la “identidad” como el sentido de pertenencia a las instituciones del Estado-Nación. Se complementa con otra entidad paralela a la anterior, que los autores han denominado el “carácter cívico-político”, definido éste como el sentido de participación hacia las instituciones del Estado-Nación.
Por medio de tres encuestas aplicadas sucesivamente a muestras representativas: la primera aplicada en todas las regiones de México, la segunda en las tres ciudades más importantes de México (Ciudad de México, Guadalajara y Monterrey) y, en la tercera, se compara una ciudad mexicana (Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas) con una española (Sevilla, España).
Analizando los datos llegamos a la conclusión de que las poblaciones estudiadas muestran un deterioro muy grande –explicando su resultado como un “derrumbe institucional en lo que concierne a México”–, que destruye la solidaridad ciudadana, genera violencia y engendra una creciente anomia colectiva generalizada.
PROTOTIPOS GEOMÉTRICOS EN EL APRENDIZAJE DE EJES DE SIMETRÍA. TERCER GRADO DE PRIMARIA
Authors: RESÉNDIZ-BALDERAS Evelia , GONZÁLEZ-SALAZAR Carlos Alberto , CONTRERAS-REYES Julio César
Published: February 2025

Este trabajo presenta un estudio de caso que documenta la imple- mentación de una situación de aprendizaje diseñada para el desarrollo en la comprensión de los ejes de simetría, trabajando en específico el caso de los triángulos.
La investigación se llevó a cabo con estudiantes de tercer grado de Primaria. Estuvo conformada por cuatro momentos: observaciones frente a grupo, diseño de la situación de aprendizaje, implementación y redacción del informe correspondiente.
Se evitó utilizar representaciones geométricas estereotipadas, contribuyendo con ello al desarrollo de la visualización espacial en los estudiantes.
Como fundamento teórico se utilizó la teoría socioepistemológica de la matemática educativa propuesta por Cantoral (2014), que contempla dimensiones sociales, cognitivas, epistemológicas y didácticas.
CONCEPCIONES SOBRE EL CÁNCER BAJO EL ENFOQUE DE INVESTIGACIÓN DIRIGIDA EN EL NIVEL MEDIO SUPERIOR
Authors: GALLEGOS-SALAZAR Mariel , CORREA-GUTIÉRREZ Sergio , CERVANTES-CASTRO Rosa Delia
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo pretende mostrar una problemática en cuanto al logro de competencias disciplinares básicas de ciencias experimentales en los estudiantes de Biología de la Preparatoria Federalizada Número 2 de Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas.
Asimismo, se expone una estrategia basada en la investigación dirigida como medio para que los estudiantes puedan alcanzar las competencias y habilidades necesarias para solucionar los problemas de la vida diaria fuera de las aulas y que logren comprender los fenómenos sociales desde un punto de vista crítico y científico.
ELSISTEMA DE FORMACIÓN DE OFICIALES DE LAS FUERZAS ARMADAS MEXICANAS
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-VERDUZCO MARIO ALBERTO
Published: February 2025

La educación militar es el pilar en el cual se fundamenta la formación de los oficiales de las Fuerzas Armadas Mexicanas, encargados del liderazgo y dirección de las tropas en los niveles táctico, operacional y estratégico.
El propósito de este artículo es presentar diversos aportes, resultado de la investigación en torno al Cuerpo de Oficiales de las Fuerzas Armadas y su Sistema de Formación, sobre un aspecto que tiene vinculaciones diversas con la Seguridad Nacional, y sobre el que, paradójicamente, se advierte un marcado desconocimiento en los ámbitos político, académico y social en México.
Con base en un estudio fenomenológico, con un enfoque investigativo mixto, se aplicó un cuestionario a 550 cadetes de los tres planteles insignia de las Fuerzas Armadas, complementado con la entrevista a 13 expertos en materia de educación militar. Se establecen diversas conclusiones en los ámbitos teórico, empírico y metodológico, de utilidad para la academia y la sociedad en general.
NUEVA APROXIMACIÓN SOBRE LA REPRESENTACIÓN DE LA IDENTIDAD NACIONAL Y SU PROBLEMÁTICA EN MÉXICO
Authors: CAPPELLO HÉCTOR M. , LARA-GUERRERO JOSÉ FRANCISCO , FLORES-RIVERA LESLY ESTEFANÍA
Published: February 2025

Se presenta en este artículo una evaluación de lo que se ha denominado la “identidad nacional mexicana”, partiendo de la concepción elaborada por Raúl Béjar Navarro y Héctor M. Cappello. Se estudia esta entidad desde una interpretación de la psicología política, definiéndose a la identidad como el “sentido de pertenencia” a las instituciones del Estado-Nación. Se complementa con otra entidad paralela a la anterior, que los autores han denominado el “carácter cívico-político”, definido éste como el sentido de participación hacia las instituciones del Estado-Nación.Por medio de encuestas a muestras representativas realizadas en todas las regiones de México, los autores llegan a la conclusión de que estas entidades muestran un deterioro muy grande –explicando su resultado como un “derrumbe institucional”–, que destruye la solidaridad ciudadana, genera violencia y engendra una creciente anomia colectiva generalizada.
LA PRODUCCIÓN RETÓRICA DEL SÍ MISMO: SER EN UN BARRIO POPULAR DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO Y SUS FRONTERAS ARGUMENTALES
Authors: MAGOS-PÉREZ ANGEL , GONZÁLEZ-NAVARRO MANUEL
Published: February 2025

Este trabajo discute la dimensión argumentativa de las prácticas discursivas ordinarias y su relevancia en la producción del sí mismo. En ese tenor, presenta una investigación cualitativa llevada a cabo en un barrio popular de la Ciudad de México. Su propósito es indagar los contextos retóricos que subyacen las opiniones, explicaciones y descripciones de sus habitantes sobre cuestiones que atañen su vida cotidiana, y a través de los cuales éstos significan y hacen tanto la realidad y el mundo como sus propias vidas.La investigación, en vías del enfoque retórico en psicología social como perspectiva y método, advierte la vida en el barrio como una polémica en proceso y muestra conjuntos de colisiones argumentativas y tres contextos retóricos que resultan cruciales en la producción de modos de hacer, pensar y sentir para los habitantes del barrio. Elprimero advierte un deber social frente un poder barrial, el segundo involucra la ética y el respeto frente a la indiferencia y la injusticia y, finalmente, el tercero elucida dos modalidades para ser en el barrio: una individual y otra relacional.
REFLEXIÓN DE LA ENSEÑANZA: LA SEMEJANZA DE TRIÁNGULOS EN EDUCACIÓN MEDIA SUPERIOR
Authors: AGUILAR-GUILLÉN DIANA ELIZABETH , CERVANTES-CASTRO ROSA DELIA
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo es de carácter reflexivo; las autoras se han dado a la tarea de revisar los resultados de México en las pruebas PISA y PLANEA, así como indagar en los planes y programas actuales en el país sobre los aprendizajes esperados respecto a las matemáticas, específicamente en lo relativo a lo geométrico.A partir de esto se establece una propuesta para el uso de la teoría socioepistemológica como una posible herramienta de mejora para la enseñanza de la semejanza de triángulos en Educación Media Superior.
LA PERCEPCIÓN DE INSEGURIDAD Y EL APOYO AL PARTIDO ACCIÓN NACIONAL EN GUANAJUATO
Authors: FLORES-RIVERA LESLY ESTEFANÍA , JIMÉNEZ-RUIZ CARLOS ADRIÁN
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo se analiza la satisfacción de la ciudadanía ante el Gobierno –a través del apoyo electoral a las administraciones del Partido Acción Nacional (PAN)– en el estado de Guanajuato, México, con respecto a los niveles de percepción de inseguridad e incidencias delictivas en la región.Se hace un estudio cuantitativo para describir la nula relación que hay entre ambas variables y se llega a la conclusión de que las personas no asocian la problemática de una creciente inseguridad con las autoridades gubernamentales. Es decir, a la hora de ejercer el voto, no se toma en cuenta el mal funcionamiento de la administración pública en materia de seguridad.
MEJORA DE LA AUTOESTIMA Y AUTOCONCEPTO EN ADOLESCENTES
Authors: SEGURA-ARÉVALO MARÍA LETICIA , U MARÍA ELENA , MÉNDEZ-HINOJOSA LUZ MARINA
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo está centrado en el autoestima y autoconcepto en adolescentes y como objetivo general se pretende evaluar el impacto de un programa de acompañamiento escolar sobre estos constructos en estudiantes de bachillerato, utilizando las dimensiones académicas, sociales, emocionales, familiares y físicas de los estudiantes, así como elaborar e implementar el programa de acompañamiento “e-contigo” que impacte en esas variables, observar las diferencias que existen posterior al programa de acompañamiento y si estas son significativas entre un grupo experimental y el de control. Los resultados de este estudio cuasi-experimental nos indican diferencias significativas y mayores en el post-test, a pesar de vivir en tiempos de Covid-19.
Implementation off Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means (FPCM) for Clustering District/City Based on Health Services and Infectious Diseases in North Sumatera
Authors: Purba Feronika Paska , Roder Klause , Simamora Elmanani , Nasution Hamidah
Published: February 2025

The study aims to compare the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means (FPCM) algorithms and to profile the results of district / city clusters in North Sumatra based on health services and infectious disease sufferers. The method used is descriptive quantitative research using annual data obtained from the North Sumatra Provincial Health Office for the period 2023. The data was collected and then analyzed using both Clustering algorithms to find the most optimal results. The results showed that Fuzzy Possibilistic C-Means proved to be a better algorithm compared to Fuzzy C-Means in this study. The number of clusters formed is 3 with Cluster 3 being the highest level of health urgency in North Sumatra province. The findings of this study can help the government in equalizing the control of the number of health services and infectious disease patients.

 
Beyond economic growth: neo-liberalism, alternative theories, and the future of economic development
Authors: Fatah Naji Afrasyaw , Bayz Hakar Abubakir , Yaqub Kamaran Qader , Karem Langa Esmael , Ahamd Kamaran Hussain , Hussein Hataw Hama Salih , Salih Ali Mohammed , Aivas Shwan Adam
Published: February 2025

Yet the idea of development has not always been the same, with early development thinking rooted in the idea that economic growth leads to progress. It was all about producing and consuming more goods and services, traditional theories confirmed that higher employment and richer living standards. But these approaches have been criticized for failing to address the broader social and human development. Other approaches, for instance Sen’s Capability Approach and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Sustainable Human Development framework, contend development should not be measured just by the monetary side of things. These methods highlight how things for example life expectancy, education, poverty reduction and the freedoms those individuals have all factors into how developed a country may be. It explores the different schools of thought that have formed the understanding of development, tracing the debates around neo-liberalism and its alternatives. Neo-liberalism, first advocated in the 1980s, presents economic liberalization, privatization and minimal state as being the main drivers of development. Unlike the alternative theories that have a notion of progress which also incorporates social and human well-being besides only economic development. Post-second world war development theories are examined: modernization, dependency, and human development models are discussed in the paper and their influence on policies and global economic discourse is highlighted in the paper. This study contributes to a broader understanding of development by critically analysing the weaknesses of neo-liberal philosophy alongside the strengths of alternative perspectives. The research article concludes work on the concept of development is much more than just economic growth. The only way to make real progress and ensure long-term prosperity is a multidimensional strategy — taking into account social equity, sustainability and human well-being.
Characterization of natural zeolite and evaluation of its adsorption capacity
Authors: Salih Ali Mohammed , Abdulrahman Rebaz Ramadhan , Hussein Hataw Hama Salih , Aivas Shwan Adam , Yaqub Amaran Qader , Latif Akam Dler
Published: February 2025

The demand for zeolites has been steadily increasing due to zeolite has various range of applications that contribute significant economic value including catalysis, wastewater treatment, industries, agriculture, gas separation, and other environmental remediation. The structure and properties of the zeolite samples were characterized by using different analytical techniques which discloses information on the physiochemical, phase identification, elemental composition, surface morphology, texture, and microstructure of materials surface morphologies, thermal stability of zeolite product. All are related to removal efficiency of heavy metals ions from solution. The result confirm that the natural zeolite was identified as clinoptilolite, with minor impurities such as quartz and clay minerals. Zeolite crystals showed an irregular, plate-like morphology with a rough and porous surface. Visible pores and channels indicated a high surface area, suitable for adsorption. Occurrence of exchangeable cations (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺) enables the zeolite to effectively adsorb and exchange cations such as Fe3+, Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ from wastewater.
Phylogenomics and functional annotation of 530 non-Saccharomyces yeasts from winemaking environments reveals their fermentome and flavorome
Authors: Franco-Duarte R. , Fernandes T. , Sousa M.J. , Sampaio P. , Rito T. , Soares P.
Published: February 2025

The winemaking industry faces unprecedented challenges due to climate change and market shifts, with profound commercial and socioeconomic repercussions. In response, non-Saccharomyces yeasts have gained attention for their potential to both mitigate these challenges and enhance the complexity of winemaking. This study builds upon our previous cataloguing of 293 non-Saccharomyces yeast species associated with winemaking environments by rigorously analysing 661 publicly available genomes. By employing a bioinformatics pipeline with stringent quality control checkpoints, we annotated and evaluated these genomes, culminating in a robust dataset of 530 non-Saccharomyces proteomes, belonging to 134 species, accessible to the research community. Employing this dataset, we conducted a comparative phylogenomic analysis to decipher metabolic networks related to fermentation capacity and flavor/aroma modulation. Our functional annotation has uncovered distinctive metabolic traits of non-Saccharomyces yeasts, elucidating their unique contributions to enology. Crucially, this work pioneers the identification of a non-Saccharomyces ‘fermentome’, a specific set of six genes uniquely present in fermentative species and absent in non-fermentative ones, and an expanded set of 35 genes constituting the complete fermentome. Moreover, we delineated a ‘flavorome’ by examining 96 genes across 19 metabolic categories implicated in wine aroma and flavour enhancement. These discoveries provide valuable genomic insights, offering new avenues for innovative winemaking practices and research.
Quantifying Levallois: a 3D geometric morphometric approach to Nubian technology
Authors: Hallinan Emily , Cascalheira João
Published: February 2025

Levallois technology, a hallmark of Middle Palaeolithic stone tool manufacture, involves sophisticated core reduction strategies that have major implications for understanding human cognitive and technological evolution. However, traditional methods of analysing Levallois cores often fail to capture the nuanced variability in their morphology. This study introduces a novel application of three-dimensional geometric morphometrics (GM) to quantify the shape variability of Nubian Levallois cores from the Nile Valley and Dhofar regions. By employing this technique, we analysed core surfaces and preferential scar shapes, identifying distinct regional and technological patterns. Our results reveal significant inter-regional differences in core elongation and surface convexity, highlighting the importance of shape-oriented, rather than metric-based, analysis of prepared cores. This new GM approach offers a robust and replicable tool for investigating lithic variability and holds potential for broader applications in Palaeolithic research, enhancing our understanding of human technological adaptations.
Contracting for Privacy Precaution (and a Laffer Curve for Crime)
Authors: Ayres Ian
Published: February 2025

While Internet consumers and retailers have incentives to contract to protect against criminal privacy invasions by third parties, externality and observability concerns may limit contractual precaution mandates. Contracting between consumers and retailers operates, however, in the shadow of government efforts to deter cybercrime—which in turn can influence the equilibrium information-sharing activity levels as well as private precaution efforts taken by consumers and retailers. This article argues that there is a criminal analog to the Laffer curve. Just as citizens’ reaction to taxation policy raises the possibility that, over some range, lower tax rates may produce higher government revenues, citizens’ reaction to penal policies raises the possibility that, over some range, higher penalties may produce more crime. Though victims and thieves may be made better off by a "higher crime–higher penalty" equilibrium, these private benefits must be measured against (among other things) the social costs of additional state effort.
Cognitive behavior model replicates road user response timing in naturalistic rear-end traffic conflicts
Authors: Rössert Christian , Drever Johannes , Brostek Lukas
Published: February 2025

Driver response timing in critical traffic situations has traditionally been studied using controlled experiments with clearly defined stimuli. However, these approaches often fail to capture the complexity of real-world scenarios. We present a validation study of the driveBOT cognitive architecture, comparing its response timing to human driver responses from the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP2) naturalistic driving study. While driveBOT implements general principles of human behavior modeling, we evaluate its performance specifically in simulated surprising rear-end conflicts against the naturalistic data.Our statistical validation demonstrates that driveBOT successfully reproduces human response characteristics in these scenarios without requiring explicit stimulus definitions. The model generates responses that closely match the naturalistic driving data in the relationship between situation kinematics and driver response timing. These results suggest that driveBOT's cognitive architecture captures fundamental aspects of human driving behavior in critical situations.The validated driveBOT model provides a practical tool for simulating driver response timing, with direct applications in vehicle safety system development and risk assessment. This work demonstrates how computational cognitive architectures can bridge the gap between controlled experimental findings and naturalistic driving behavior.
The Picture Superiority Effect in Memory Detection: Modality Effects in the Concealed Information Test
Authors: Van der Cruyssen Ine , Regnath Franziska , Ben-Shakhar Gershon , Pertzov Yoni , Verschuere Bruno
Published: February 2025

The picture superiority effect is particularly relevant in the context of memory detection. In the current study, participants encoded crime-related details and concealed them in a Concealed Information Test (CIT). Items were encoded and tested verbally or pictorially. Both the pilot study (N=73) and the preregistered study (N=158) showed evidence for a picture superiority effect: Pictorially encoded items were easier to detect. We also found an interaction between encoding and testing: Items that were encoded and tested in the same modality were associated with better detection. Lastly, recognition of verbally encoded items could not be detected in a pictorial test. Our findings support the existence of picture superiority also when subjects conceal their knowledge. In applied scenarios, the modality of test items should be matched to the modality in which crime-related details were encoded. Furthermore, a pictorial CIT might fail to detect concealed knowledge if crime-related details were encoded verbally.
Proposed Modification to the Blackett Conjecture and Formula for the Schuster-Wilson-Blackett Number
Authors: Apell Agona
Published: February 2025

We propose that electric charge is an emergent property of a spinning body. Specifically, an elementary particle or celestial body whose surface rotates about its axis or centre develops a charge Q = kmω√(ε_0/ρ), where k is a dimensionless constant, m is the mass of the sphere, ω is the angular velocity of its surface, ρ its density, and ε_0 the permittivity of free space. We argue that the charge so developed is an important contributory factor to planetary magnetism and propose models to predict a celestial body’s magnetic field strength and magnetic moment. We further show that both Blackett’s empirical formula (P/U= β√(πGε_0 )) for the gyromagnetic ratio of celestial bodies and the well-known relationship between fundamental constants of particle physics e = √(2αhcε_0) can be derived from our proposed equation for charge development. In the latter derivation, we assume that the electron is a hollow spherical particle and that every point on its surface revolves about its centre at velocity c – effectively suggesting that the electron has a fluid-like surface and is not a point particle. The paper ends with a conclusion and recommendation for further study.
Interaction effects of Irritability and Anhedonia on ERP and Time-Frequency Measures of Reward Sensitivity
Authors: Bellaert Nellia , Cassioli Federico , Crowley Michael , Lim Yi Voon , Rossignol Mandy , Deveney Christen , Tseng Wan-Ling
Published: February 2025

Irritability and anhedonia are two prevalent, co-occurring, and impairing symptoms of major depression that are proposed to result from dysfunctions in reward processing. While irritability is associated with heightened sensitivity to reward receipt, anhedonia is linked to blunted sensitivity to reward receipt. Given these supposed paradoxical effects on reward sensitivity, it is noteworthy that no studies have examined how both symptoms interact to affect reward sensitivity. In a community sample of young adults (N=73, Mage=21.21±2.27, 56.16% females), we evaluated the interacting effects of dimensionally-assessed irritability and anhedonia symptoms on neural (i.e., event-related potentials and time-frequency) measures of reward and loss sensitivity during the Doors task, a well-known reward paradigm. We used univariate and multivariate (based on generalized eigendecomposition) approaches to isolate patterns of delta and theta activity in response to reward and loss. General linear models tested the unique and interacting effects of irritability and anhedonia on EEG measures of reward sensitivity (Feedback-Related Negativity [FRN], Reward Positivity [RewP], theta, and delta power). Results revealed a significant interaction effect of irritability and anhedonia on the FRN to loss (R2=.13, F(3, 69)=3.35, β=-.03, p<.01). Specifically, anhedonia was associated with larger (i.e., more negative) FRN to loss only in the presence of high irritability. At low levels of irritability, anhedonia was associated with smaller (i.e., more positive) FRN to loss. We also found that anhedonia was associated with reduced theta power to win (R2=.20, F(3, 69)= 5.89, β=-.01, p<.01) at mean and high irritability levels. These effects remained significant when controlling for broader depressive symptoms, gender, and income. These findings provide preliminary evidence of an interactive effect of anhedonia and irritability on neural sensitivity to both reward and loss in individuals without clinical levels of symptoms. Our results highlight the importance of considering symptom interactions to better understand reward-related mechanisms in depression.
Scaring away anxiety: Therapeutic avenues for horror fiction to enhance treatment for anxiety symptoms
Authors: Scrivner Coltan
Published: February 2025

Although horror media is designed to elicit fear and anxiety, many individuals with elevated anxiety symptoms report being drawn to horror and even using it as a coping mechanism. This paper provides a theoretical framework explaining why anxious individuals might engage with horror media and how such engagement could be harnessed to alleviate anxiety and build psychological resilience. First, I outline how specific features of horror media may provide immediate anxiety relief through mechanisms like distraction, perceived control, and physiological regulation. I then propose that repeated exposure to fear-inducing content in horror can foster long-term psychological benefits by enhancing emotional clarity, challenging emotional reasoning, increasing tolerance of somatic experiences, and promoting cognitive reappraisal. These processes are discussed in relation to principles of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy, highlighting how horror media may serve as a novel, accessible tool for anxiety management. Finally, I outline critical avenues for future research. By integrating insights from clinical psychology, media studies, and neuroscience, this paper lays the groundwork for understanding horror media’s potential role in therapeutic contexts.
Does Utility Bias Mental Simulations of Risky Events?
Authors: Li Yun-Xiao , Falben Johanna , Castillo Lucas , Spicer Jake , Zhu Jian-Qiao , Qian Stella , Chater Nick , Sanborn Adam N
Published: February 2025

Does the utility of an outcome influence people’s assessment of risk and uncertainty? Growing evidence suggests that people often rely on mental simulations to evaluate probability and risky events. However, prior experimental findings offer conflicting predictions about how utility biases this mental sampling process. Across four experiments (total N=206, with Experiment 4 pre-registered), we investigated the influence of utility using a random generation paradigm. These responses were then compared to probability judgments and predictions. While we identified individual differences, the majority of participants exhibited neutrality, with no systematic impact of utility on their sampling distributions. Nevertheless, biases emerged under specific conditions, including a preference for smaller or more probable outcomes as the starting point of simulations and optimism in single-response predictions. Additionally, we found evidence suggesting that probability judgments, predictions, and random generation tasks may rely on a shared underlying mental process. Our findings suggest that models of judgment and decision-making should account for individual differences in utility influences, particularly distinguishing between unbiased sampling and optimistic sampling—the selective over-representation of high-utility outcomes.
Understanding Types of Transitions in Clinical Change: An Introduction from the Complex Dynamic Systems Perspective
Authors: Cui Jingmeng , Hasselman Fred , Olthof Merlijn , Lichtwarck-Aschoff Anna
Published: February 2025

Sudden changes are common in clinical trajectories, yet a theoretical framework to understand the underlying mechanisms is still lacking. In this article, we aim to bridge this gap by introducing the mechanisms and features of four distinct types of transitions drawn from complex dynamic system research: bifurcation-induced tipping (B-tipping), noise-induced tipping (N-tipping), rate-induced tipping (R-tipping), and noise-induced diffusion (N-diffusion). Those types of transitions differ in the main cause of the change and data characteristics. To illustrate their application to clinical phenomena, we present two real-life scenarios using simulated time series. These examples demonstrate how theoretical types of change may connect to clinical phenomena and highlight how different types of transitions can co-occur in various subsystems. In the first example, we show that the mood system and the momentary affect system of a patient with sudden loss may show B-tipping and N-diffusion at the same time; in the second example, we show that increasing the stimulus strengthening speed in exposure therapy may lead to R-tipping, while the therapeutic decision in this context may be caused by N-tipping. Finally, we lay out possible pathways for determining the appropriate type of transition for future empirical research, highlighting methods both from dynamic system research and special opportunities for research in clinical psychology.
The “High” Mind: Towards a Unified Theoretical Account of Insight Problem-Solving, Predictive Processing & Relevance Realization Through Oneirogenic Psychedelics
Authors: Lei Darin
Published: February 2025

Albeit not well-understood, the notion that psychedelic experiences are conducive to instances of insight problem-solving has been a well-known phenomenon among cognitive scientists for decades. Recent research has demonstrated areas of intersection between the psychedelic and dreaming states with proposals arguing that a shared neural basis may be what leads to insight experiences. Both states involve virtual experiences that are rife with constant sensory changes, leading to updates in predictive coding and enhanced cognitive flexibility. However, research considering the potential implications of this finding for converging theories on relevance realization and predictive processing have been limited. Emerging studies in the neuroscientific and computer scientific literature have revealed that the dream state might be an evolutionary adaptation to assist the brain’s generalization in the context of the predictive processing framework. Indeed, these ideas may be integrated with the overarching account of relevance realization given that it is a framework that underpins all cognitive processes and has strong causal interactions with the predictive processing theory. This paper examines the extent to which psychedelics may serve as a modulator and as a possible facilitator of the predictive processing and relevance realization frameworks, using current theories on 4E cognition, the effect of psychedelics on insight, and the connections between dreaming and predictive processing as apparatuses for exploring this view. It proposes that psychedelic research has the profound potential to elucidate much of the enigma surrounding relevance realization and by extension, cognition itself. Further work on the use of psychedelics as an investigative tool in cognitive scientific research is warranted.
Girls as objects, boys as humans: Young children tend to be objectified along gender lines
Authors: Leshin Rachel , Rhodes Marjorie
Published: February 2025

Objectification—the psychological phenomenon of relegating people to the status of objects, denying their humanness—is associated with a host of negative consequences for those targeted, from diminished cognitive performance to heightened risk of danger. Girls and women constitute the primary targets of objectification; thus, these harms fall disproportionately on them. Despite the persistence of such gendered patterns, however, it is not clear how they arise. That is, we do not yet know whether and to what extent perceivers objectify children along gender lines (i.e., associating girls with objects and boys with humans), thus limiting our grasp of this phenomenon both theoretically and practically. In the present studies, we addressed this gap on two fronts. First, we tested whether adults (n=430) objectify young children based on gender. Second, we tested whether children themselves (n=418, ages 4-10 years) display gendered patterns of objectification toward other children. We found evidence that adults objectify children based on gender: in both their categorizations and attributions, adults revealed overlap between their concepts of girls and objects and their concepts of boys and humans (although the degree to which each specific pattern manifested varied across studies). Children showed more limited evidence of this phenomenon: boys, but not girls, displayed the predicted pattern of conceptual overlap, and only in their categorizations. Together, these findings reveal that gender-differentiated patterns of objectification may take root in perceptions of young children—suggesting that the gendered consequences of this phenomenon may be larger in scope and earlier-emerging than previously assumed.
Search in Service of Choice: An Agenda for Integrating Consumer Search Models
Authors: Krefeld-Schwalb Antonia , Martinovici Ana , Orquin Jacob Lund , Aribarg Anocha , Bhatia Sudeep , Erdem Tulin , Johnson Eric J. , Reeck Crystal , Schley Dan , Smith Stephanie M. , Speekenbrink Maarten , Stewart Neil , Weber Elke U. , Yang Cathy Liu
Published: February 2025

Understanding consumer search behavior is crucial for businesses and policymakers aiming to effectively engage with consumers through product offerings and interventions. Consumer search in service for choice remains a significant topic in marketing, economics, and psychology although existing theories differ in fundamental assumptions and methodological approaches. Theoretical assumptions range from the order in which items are searched being independent of their value, to search being influenced by cognitive and visual factors. Methodological approaches vary from directly observing search (with eye tracking or click stream data), to inferring search from choice data alone. This article proposes a framework for integrating theoretical and methodological approaches to consumer search. This integration will help marketers and policymakers compare and apply theories to different contexts. Ultimately, it paves the way to a unified framework for understanding and guiding consumer behavior as well as strategic decisions in marketing and policy. We review five prominent theoretical models, each with distinct terminologies. For each model, we review its background, aims, core assumptions, and provide illustrative examples. Our contribution is twofold: (1) we initiate a synthesis to resolve terminological differences and outline a path toward theory integration, and (2) we discuss how our framework can guide future research and foster a more comprehensive understanding of consumer search and choice.
Fine-tuning Semantic Vectors With Semantic Fluency Data
Authors: Zemla Jeffrey C
Published: February 2025

Semantic vectors derived from training on large text corpora (e.g., word2vec, BERT) are widely used as a methodological tool to model similarity of concepts. Recent work has demonstrated that a small amount of human training data can be used to fine-tune these vectors for modeling specific tasks. For example, human ratings of pairwise similarity can be used to estimate a set of dimensional weights, and these weights can improve estimates of human similarity ratings for held-out pairs. We applied this methodology to the semantic fluency task (listing items from a category) and find that category- specific weights can be used to identify the semantic category of a fluency list. The results have methodological implications for modeling retrieval in semantic fluency tasks, estimating semantic representations, and identifying semantic clusters and switches in fluency data.
Patterns and root causes of exposure to ergonomics risk factors among Malaysian office workers: retrospective study from practitioners’ reports
Authors: Radin Umar Radin Zaid , Nazihah Mohamad  , Tiong Jing Yin , Ahmad Nadiah
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders are common among office workers worldwide. However, there has been limited published data that examine patterns and root causes of exposures to ergonomics risk factors, especially sourced from ergonomists’ assessment reports. This study investigates the prevalence rates of musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) symptoms, ergonomics risk factor exposure patterns, and root causes of these exposures among office workers in Malaysia from ergonomists’ perspectives.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted among Malaysian office workers. Data were extracted from 399 individual ergonomics assessment reports prepared by professional ergonomists. These reports were obtained over a period of 17 years (March 2001 until November 2018), across 16 different offices in 5 states and 1 federal territory. In addition to self-reported body symptom data, extracted data includes ergonomics risk factors and root causes identified by professional ergonomists. Descriptive and statistical analyses were conducted to determine patterns from extracted data.
Results: Data showed high MSD symptoms prevalence (87%) of varying degrees among the sample population. The body parts most affected among sample population include shoulder (42%), lower back (38%), and neck (32%). Gender and age are seen to be associated with the reported MSD symptoms severity levels. Common ergonomic risk factors among office workers include poor posture (97%), static loading (90%), and contact stress (74%). The majority of the root causes of an individual’s ergonomic exposures can be traced to substandard workstation setups as well as poor work habits.
Conclusion: The study provides insight into patterns and root causes of exposure to ergonomics risk factors among Malaysian office workers from an ergonomist’s point of view.
Pierwszy marszałek II Rzeczypospolitej. Wojciech Trąmpczyński w szkolnej edukacji historycznej i przestrzeni publicznej
Authors: Białokur Marek , Gołębiowski Dariusz
Published: February 2025

In the opinion of the author of the monumental In Praise of History, the French historian Marc Bloch, history is a science about people in time, individuals who create history, having different biographies, experiences and value systems. Didacticians and methodologists, fully agreeing with this opinion, emphasize how important it is to refer to specific figures in school historical education. Bearing in mind the quoted opinions, the authors of the article decided to look at the figure of Wojciech Trąmpczyński, the first marshal in the history of the Sejm and Senate of the Second Polish Republic, through the prism of materials that are relatively rarely analysed by historians. First, the image of the article’s protagonist in contemporary school historical education in Poland was analysed. It was particularly important to indicate the place that Wojciech Trąmpczyński occupies in school history textbooks. The conclusion resulting from this analysis shows that his figure is noted in textbooks and most often included in the broader context of Polish politics in the first years of the Second Republic of Poland. It is, however, an insignificant presence. Over the past 20 years, students taking the matriculation exam have not had the opportunity to “meet” Wojciech Trąmpczyński as there was no reference to his figure in any of the matriculation tasks. In the second part of the article, its authors looked at the very limited presence of the Marshal of the Legislative Sejm in the public space. By this term we understand such forms of commemoration as monuments, commemorative plaques, patronage of schools and institutions, street names, publications or murals. The analysis carried out for the purpose of the article showed that Wojciech Trąmpczyński is present in public space to a very limited extent. Therefore, in its last part, the authors of the article proposed several actions that could, at least to a certain degree, increase the presence of Wojciech Trąmpczyński in the school historical education and public space.
Opinia prawna w sprawie konstytucyjności poselskiego projektu ustawy – Przepisy wprowadzające ustawę o Trybunale Konstytucyjnym z dnia 6 marca 2024 r.
Authors: Zajadło Jerzy
Published: February 2025

Legal Opinion on the Compatibility with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of the Draft Act – Provisions Introducing the Act on the Constitutional Tribunal of 6 March 2024
The subject of the study is an opinion on the constitutionality of the parliamentary draft act – Provisions Introducing the Act on the Constitutional Tribunal, filed on 6 March 2024. The author discusses the circumstances of the draft and its relation to other acts aimed at restoring the proper systemic role of the Constitutional Tribunal. In conclusion, it is stated that, taking into account all the elements of the legislative package aimed at repairing the Constitutional Tribunal, the author of this opinion does not see anything in the draft act – Provisions Introducing the Act on the Constitutional Tribunal, filed on 6 March 2024, that could indicate the clear unconstitutionality of the proposed solutions. Regardless, some provisions, especially the provision of Article 7 of the draft, should be subject to further work in the course of the legislative process due to the difficulties and practical doubts that may arise.
Implementing RFID Technology for Hospital Security to Track Infants and Sensitive Psychological Patients
Authors: Danesh Hajar
Published: February 2025

The adoption of advanced security solutions in hospitals is vital for ensuring safe and efficient operations. The integration of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has become an essential component in enhancing both security and operational effectiveness within healthcare environments. These systems facilitate access control for medical personnel and patients through the use of smart cards or RFID tags, thereby significantly improving security measures.

RFID technology is particularly beneficial in sensitive areas, such as neonatal units, and for tracking patients and high-value medical equipment. By affixing RFID tags to newborn Babies, hospitals can effectively prevent abductions and ensure continuous monitoring throughout the facility. Moreover, labeling medical equipment enhances the process of locating necessary items, thereby reducing the risk of loss or misplacement. Staff management is also improved through the use of smart cards, which serve as effective safeguards against unauthorized access to pharmacies and other critical areas.

This paper explores the design and implementation of an RFID smart lock system specifically developed for hospitals. This system regulates access to various sections by interpreting RFID card data based on predefined permissions. Key advantages of this system include maintaining data integrity during power outages, logging entry and exit times, the ability to easily change access codes, controlling door mechanisms via relay systems, and real-time monitoring of access. Additionally, a tracking system for infants and patients is proposed, utilizing biosensors such as gyroscopes to send immediate alerts in the event of a wristband being removed or if an infant or patient is moved. Such measures are crucial for preventing errors and safeguarding vulnerable populations. Experimental results indicate that the proposed system operates with high speed and accuracy, establishing it as a fundamental solution for intelligent hospital management.
An Investigation of Three Different Types of Physiotherapy Treatment for Osteoarthritis of the Knees
Authors: Zafar Sadia
Published: February 2025

Medium to long-term findings are reviewed for the nature and application of a physical therapy based on knee osteoarthritis. In a wide population-based sample, patients who had knee pain and prevalent osteoarthritis were enrolled. Fifty patients with Osteoarthritis were treated with periodic knee bath with ultrasound, wax baths and ultrasound. To each strategy, repetitive exercises were applied. The patients were hired over a span of 15 weeks. Everyone endured discomfort, swelling, and reduced mobility. Patients were assigned to one of three care groups by a randomization code. Five evaluations were conducted by an independent investigator prior to admission into the investigation and at the end of weeks 5, 10 and 15. Regardless of the medication, statistically meaningful changes in particular index were found after five weeks. Among the dominant and non-dominant knees, there was no difference in results. All five tests demonstrated a substantial increase in all patient classes at the completion of fifteen weeks of treatment. Ultrasound at the dosage used to be little better at helping patients than wax baths.
Pre-operative Teaching is Important on Post-operative Self-care Activities among Cardiac Surgery Patients: An Overview
Authors: Baghel Arvind Singh
Published: February 2025

The patient will experience stress before undergoing any form of surgery. The fact that the heart is such an essential organ results in an increase in the amount of stress experienced. Some patients may experience feelings of helplessness, insecurity, and isolation as a response to the inconvenience, distress, and anxiety brought on by their stitches breaking. The all-encompassing pre-operative education can contribute to a reduction in the intensity of these feelings. Pre-operative education is an important component of the approaches for improved recovery after surgery, which aims to empower patients and their families to make their own health decisions. Pre-operative education reduces hospital stays, surgical complications, and recovery time. Thorough pre-operative instruction helps patients cope with surgery, control pain, and self-care. Post-operative problems, compliance, and anxiety must be reduced. According to a study on self-care knowledge and performance, early extubating, pain management, duration of stay, and complications, scheduled pre-operative training may help patients. Pre-operative teaching can prepare cardiac surgery patients. According to a study on the effect of the Orem self-care program on sleep quality, daily activities, and lower extremity edema in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, the program can reduce post-operative complications and improve self-care in long-term care patients.