bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pazarlama Dışı Olan Karpuzlardan (Citrullus lanatus) Hayvan Beslemede Kullanılabilecek Yan Ürünlerin Elde Edilmesi, Depolanması, Bazı Besin Madde ve Mikrobiyolojik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: TERLEMEZ Fatma , ÇERÇİ İbrahim Halil
Published: October 2019

Çalışmada, pazar
dışı kalma durumunda olan karpuzların kabuk, çekirdek ve etli kısımlarının
tamamından katma değerli ve dayanıklı karpuz ürünlerini üretilmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada hasatı üzerinden 15 gün geçmiş karpuzlardan karpuz
suyu, karpuz püresi ve karpuz posası olmak üzere üç farklı ürün üretilmiştir.
Bu ürünlerin hiçbir muamele yapılmamış olana taze grup, buhar basınçlı ısıl
işlem uygulanmış olana asitsiz grup ve buhar basınçlı ısıl işlem + sitrik asit
ilavesi uygulanmış olana da asitli grup adı verilmiştir. Çalışmada taze örneklerde, konserve
işlemlerinden hemen sonra alınan örneklerde, 0., 30., 90. ve 180. gün depolanan
örneklerde kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik analizler yapılmıştır. Karpuzlardan elde
edilen ürünler posa, püre ve su olarak tanımlanmıştır. Konserve
işlemlerinden hemen sonra alınan örneklerin (asitli ve asitsiz) sonuçlarına göre her iki
muamelede de mikrobiyolojik açıdan pastörizasyon sağlanmıştır.  Depolamanın 0., 30., 90. ve 180. günlerinde
açılan konserve ürünlerinden alınan örneklerde mikroorganizma üreme durumları
incelenmiştir. Asitli gruba göre asitsiz grupta daha yüksek toplam mezofilik
aerobik bakteri (p<0.01) ve toplam Clostridia (p<0.01) ürediği
tespit edilmiştir. 0. gün depolamaya göre; 30. ve 90. günlük depolamalarda her iki
bakteri sayısı artmış ancak 180. günde alınan örneklerde ise bakteri sayıları
azalmıştır. Çalışmada, pazarlama dışı kalmış karpuzlardan hayvan beslemede
kullanılabilecek karpuz suyu, karpuz püresi ve karpuz posası üretilebileceği
belirlenmiştir. Diğer uygulamalara göre, asit katkısı + ısıl işlem
uygulamasının daha uygun olduğu görülmüştür.
Hatay İlinde Domates Bitkilerinden Elde Edilen Pyrenochaeta lycopersici izolatlarının Virülens Düzeyleri ve Moleküler Tiplerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: TOK Fatih Mehmet
Published: October 2019

Steril fungus

olarak da bilinen Pyrenochaeta

lycopersici, domates yetiştiriciliği yapılan ılıman iklim kuşağındaki pek

çok alanda, %40-70 arası ürün kaybına sebep olan önemli bir patojen fungustur. P. lycopersici tarafından oluşturulan

domates mantarımsı kök hastalığının etkin kimyasal mücadelesi bulunmamaktadır.

Bu çalışmada, Hatay ilinde domates yetiştiriciliği yapılan alanlardan elde

edilen P. lycopersici izolatlarının

virülens düzeyleri ve moleküler tipleri araştırılmıştır. 2015 yılında Hatay

iline bağlı domates yetiştirilen alanlarda survey çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiş

ve bu esnada solgunluk, sararma ve kök çürüklüğü görülen bitkilerden örnekler

alınmıştır. Yarı seçici besi ortamında yapılan izolasyonlarda 17 P. lycopersici izolatı elde edilmiş ve

teşhisleri ITS1/4 sekansı ile moleküler olarak doğrulanmıştır. Plyc1 ve Plyc2

spesifik primerleri ile yapılan PCR işlemi sonrasında izolatların 3’ünün

moleküler Tip1 ve 14’ünün ise Tip2 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Domates fideleri

ile kültür filtrat yöntemi kullanılarak patojenisite testi

gerçekleştirilmiştir. Oluşan hastalık simptomları 0-4 skalası kullanılarak

değerlendirilmiş ve skala değerleri McKinney formülü kullanılarak McKinney

indeksi değerlerine dönüştürülmüştür. Patojenisite testi sonucunda hastalık

şiddeti izolatlar arasında farklılık göstermiştir (65-95). Moleküler tip ile

izolatların virülenslikleri arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunmadığı ancak

izolatların elde edildikleri lokasyon ile virülenslikleri arasında hafif bir

ilişkinin bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Ordu Topraklarının Potasyum Durumu ve Potasyum Fiksasyonunun Belirlenmesi
Authors: KARAOLUK ESENÇAYI Menekşenur , KORKMAZ Kürşat
Published: October 2019

Potasyum (K) bitki gelişimi için mutlak

gerekli üçüncü ve azottan sonra bitkilerce en fazla miktarda absorbe olunan

ikinci besin elementidir. Toprakların toplam K içeriği, çoğunlukla bitkilerin

bir gelişme mevsimi boyunca absorbe ettiği miktarın birçok katı olduğu halde,

çoğu durumda, bu total K’un ancak çok küçük bir bölümü bitkilere yarayışlıdır.

Bu nedenle toprakların K fiksasyon kapasitesinin belirlenmesi bitkilerin

potasyum beslenmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir.  Bu çalışmada, topraklarda yarayışlı potasyum

miktarları, depo potasyum ve toprakların potasyum fiksasyon kapasiteleri

belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada farklı toprak tekstürüne sahip 25 adet toprak

numunesine 5 farklı dozda potasyum çözeltisi uygulanarak (0, 50, 100, 200, 400

ve 800 mg K kg-1) toprakların potasyum fiksasyon karakteristikleri

belirlenmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre topraklara uygulanan potasyum

dozlarına bakılmaksızın %78.5 fiksasyon olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak Ordu

ilinde farklı noktalardan alınan bu numuneler değerlendirildiğinde toprakların

fiksasyon kapasitelerinin oldukça yüksek olduğu ve gübreleme programlarında

dikkate alınmasının oldukça önemli bir unsur olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Uzaktan Algılama ile Belirlenen Baraj Gölü Alanının Zamansal Değişiminin Meteorolojik Kuraklık ile Değerlendirilmesi: Atikhisar Barajı (Çanakkale) Örneği
Authors: ÖZELKAN Emre
Published: October 2019

Kuraklık meteorolojik

kökenli bir doğal afettir ve günümüzün en önemli sorunlarından biridir.

Temelinde yağış eksikliği olarak başlayan kuraklığın doğaya ve tüm canlı

hayatına yıkıcı etkileri sürekli olarak artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada

Çanakkale Merkez İlçe sınırlarında bulunan ve bölgenin tek su kaynağı olan

Atikhisar Baraj Gölü su alanının 1984-2018 yılları arasındaki yıllık zamansal

değişimi uydundan uzaktan algılama görüntüleri ile belirlenmiştir ve

meteorolojik kuraklığın bu değişime etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda

bölgedeki meteorolojik kuraklığın değişimi eklenik sapma eğrisi ve standart

yağış indisi (SPI) ile incelenmiştir. Tüm meteorolojik değerlendirmeleri Ekim

ayı başında başlayan 12 aylık su yılı takvimine göre yapılmıştır. Gölün alansal

değişimi Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)

multispektral çok-zamanlı uydu görüntülerinden üretilen normalize edilmiş fark

su indisi (NDWI) veri seti ile belirlenmiştir. Meteorolojik veriler ile uyumlu

olması için, tüm görüntüler 1984-2018 yılları arasında kurak dönemin (su

yılının) sonunda elde edilmiştir. Böylelikle 12 aylık su yılı sonundaki

meteorolojik kuraklığın NDWI ile belirlenen su alanına etkisi araştırılmıştır.

Sonuçlar baraj göl alanı değişiminde bir tek meteorolojik kuraklığın etkili

olmadığını göstermektedir. SPI meteorolojik kuraklık indisi değerlerinin

eklenik sapma değerlerine kıyasla yıl bazında göl alanı değişimine daha hassas

olduğu ve NDWI ile belirlenen göl alanı değerleri ile çok daha yüksek ve

anlamlı korelasyonlara sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 
Colon adenocarcinoma of the inguinal hernia. Case report
Authors: O. M. Shatilo  , V. A. Sviatyuk  , Yu. V. Talalay  , V. V. Bespaliuk  , A. A. Нodovanyuk
Published: October 2019

Inguinal hernias occupy one of the leading positions in the world, which surgical interventions are performed for. The contents of such hernias can be either a large omentum, loops of the small, large intestine or uterine appendages. In men, they are much more common (a risk of 27 % in men and 3 % in women). Malignant lesions in inguinal hernias have a rather rare occurrence, more often in the sigmoid colon in the left inguinal hernia. The primary malignant disease of the colon located in the inguinal hernia was extremely rarely reported. The first case was reported by Gerhardt and his colleagues in 1938. During an inguinal hernia containing primary colon cancer examination, Medline identified 28 cases of the disease. The sigmoid colon was involved in most cases, but involvement of the caecum and ascending gut was also described.The article describes the clinical case of adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon located in the left‑sided irreversible inguinal hernia. The tactics and volume of surgical treatment are proposed. Patient K., 1946 year of birth, entered the surgical department with complaints on the tumour‑like formation presence in the left groin. From the anamnesis of the disease: a hernia existed for many years. St. localis: in the left inguinal‑scrotum region was hernial protrusion sized 40 × 20 cm, hyperaemic, intense, painful, symptom of «cough» impulse was negative, tympanites by percussion. Bowel sounds were not audible over the projection of bulging during auscultation. With a diagnosis of strangulated inguinal‑scrotal hernia on the left and the phlegmon of the hernial sac, patient was taken into the operating room. The contents of the hernial sac were a sigmoid colon with a neoplasm. A Hartmann’s resection of the sigmoid colon was performed. The postoperative period was uneventful. Oncologist consultation was recommended.Detected adenocarcinoma of the colon during surgical treatment of a trapped inguinal hernia, dramatically changes the course of surgery, treatment plan and prognosis for the patient.
The carboxytherapy opportunities in surgery
Authors: S. M. Drogovoz  , V. I. Starikov  , L. B. Ivantsyk  , A. L. Shtroblya  , C. G. Shchokina
Published: October 2019

The carbon dioxide of the body is the most important natural regulator of respiration, blood circulation, metabolism, electrolyte balance, nervous system excitability, smooth muscle tonus. Carboxytherapy is based on the use of carbon dioxide. It is an effective and safe method of many diseases’ treatment due to its rich pharmacodynamics. Inhalation of CO2 is used in resuscitation and anesthesiology practice. Another area of CO2 application in surgery is intra‑abdominal insufflation for all endoscopic laparoscopic procedures. Carbon dioxide is quickly absorbed by the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, which causes an increased interest in its use as an insufflation agent for all endoscopic procedures. In addition, CO2 has antispasmodic, analgesic, anti‑inflammatory and antiseptic effects, which is important for these diagnostic measures. CO2 insufflation during a colonoscopy causes less post‑procedure pain and distension of the intestine without significant changes in pCO2 compared to air one. An additional mechanism for pain reducing after the CO2 procedure may be the vasodilating effect of CO2 and its spasmolytic action on the wall in the enlarged part of the colon. For the past 50 years, CO2 has been used in cardiothoracic surgery to remove air from the surgical area, which reduces the air embolism probabily during heart surgery. Recently, heated and hydrated CO2 insufflation is used as a method to reduce the infections rate at the surgery site in an open wound. A carbon dioxide laser has physical, biological and surgical properties valuable for the surgeon. Carbon dioxide is also used as an alternative diagnostic contrast agent. Therefore, CO2 due to its antibacterial, antihypoxic, antispasmodic, analgesic, anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant properties and the side effects absence is an important component of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures in surgery, anesthesiology, gynecology, dermatology and other fields of medicine.
Peritoneal regeneration and pathogenesis of postoperative peritoneal adhesions formation
Authors: M. G. Melnichenko  , A. A. Kvashnina
Published: October 2019

Despite the long history of the peritoneal regeneration and the peritoneal adhesions formation pathogenesis studies, as well as a large number of clinical and experimental trials, so far, many questions about the pathophysiology of postoperative adhesions remain controversial. Postoperative formation of peritoneal adhesions is considered to be part of a pathological regeneration process that occurs after any peritoneum injury, especially in connection with surgery. Factors that lead to formation of adhesions are different (mechanical, physical, chemical, infectious, implantation). Inflammatory mediators, free radical oxidation processes, and oxidative stress also play an important role in the modulation of adhesions. A key role in the formation of adhesions belongs to pathological decrease in peritoneal fibrinolytic activity in response to inflammation and surgery. Studies on both animal models and humans have shown that two major factors lead to a decrease in fibrinolysis: a decrease in local tPA activity and an increase in PAI‑1 activity locally and systemically. It is the balance between the activity of tPA and PAI‑1 that plays a central role in the pathological adhesion formation, and the imbalance correlates with the severity of the adhesive process. Thus, pathological adhesion is a multifactorial condition, the development of which is due to a combination of various factors, many of which are genetically determined by local and systemic reactions of the body, and features of surgical treatment. To develop effective methods for prevention and treatment of adhesions, a more complete understanding of this process is needed at both the cellular and molecular genetic levels. The key to preventing post‑operative adhesion formation is likely to be the selective suppression of one or more critical factors that are necessary for its formation. There are practically no works in literature to study the features of adhesions pathogenesis in children.
Esai Tentang Pentingnya Materi Lingkungan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa di Sekolah
Authors: ayuni Qurrata
Published: October 2019

Studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengetahuan tentang materi lingkungan, sikap guru terhadap materi lingkungan, dan bagaimana respon guru terhadap materi lingkungan dalam pembelajaran bahasa di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP). Instrumen penelitian ini menggunakan angket tentang pentingnya materi lingkungan dalam pembelajaran di SMP, dengan sepuluh pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan materi lingkungan dalam pembelajaran bahasa di sekolah SMP. Dengan mengintegrasikan pendidikan lingkungan ke dalam kelas, guru dapat meningkatkan minat siswa terhadap permasalahan kontemporer yang mungkin langsung mempengaruhi pemikiran dan meningkatkan pemahaman siswa tentang materi lingkungan serta dapat mengaitkan dengan pelajaran bahasa.
HIV Treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: Did bureaucratic headwinds delay access to dolutegravir?
Authors: Granich Reuben , Gupta Somya
Published: October 2019

IntroductionThe World Health Organization now recommends dolutegravir (DTG) as part of the preferred first-line treatment for all adults living with HIV including women who may become pregnant. The new regimen with its high barrier to resistance, shortened time to suppression, superior side effects profile, and lower health sector and individual costs, represents a significant improvement. The recommendation removes an important obstacle to accessing dolutegravir as an essential element in controlling the epidemic. DiscussionTranslating science to policy to HIV service delivery is complex and vulnerable to significant delays. WHO, assuming a regulatory role, used preliminary Botswana Tsepamo study information regarding neural tube defects to issue a “safety signal” regarding DTG in May 2018. Regulatory evaluations of rare adverse reactions are complex, take time, and require considerable subject area specific expertise. After over a year, the WHO reversed its initial findings and issued revised treatment recommendations. However, the mixed messaging and confusion around dolutegravir’s safety profile has delayed national level adoption. The pace of national adoption of new WHO recommendations is measurable through published national guidelines and/or circulars available in the public domain. After 2015, published guidelines for 22 of 46 sub-Saharan countries (94% of 2018 regional HIV burden) showed that only three countries representing 4% of regional burden have adopted the new WHO preferred 1st line recommendations. ConclusionsMonitoring and evaluating the translation of science to service delivery is a critical element of successful disease control and elimination. The DTG false alarm and ongoing delayed access provides an opportunity to learn valuable lessons and implement corrective actions. However, lessons can only be learned by accurately describing and examining the timeline, processes, and impact of policy decisions that can adversely impact millions of people living with HIV. As with any successful global disease elimination effort or major project, it is important to establish a critical pathway for translation of science to service delivery and hold people and agencies accountable for their roles in accelerating and/or delaying progress.
MICROBIAL SUCCESS OF ETHANOL, LACTIC ACID AND ACETIC ACID DURING FERMENTATION OF COCOA SEEDS
Authors: bin sugeng rijanto mulono apriyanto
Published: October 2019

The objectives of the study are: 1) to determine the composition of the original cocoa bean pulp as a substrate for fermentation; 2) evaluating the effect of variations in random cocoa bean fermentation techniques on microbial populations. The stages of research carried out are as follows (1) testing the composition and moisture content of asalan cocoa beans as a fermentation substrate. (2) Fermented cocoa beans with 3 variations of fermentation techniques namely first treatment without addition of inoculum (control), second using S. cerevisiae (FNCC 3056) inoculum, L. lactis (FNC 0086) and A. aceti (FNCC 0016), respectively. - about 108 cfu / g is given simultaneously at the beginning of fermentation (IA). (3) gradual administration of inoculum yeast at the beginning of fermentation, lactic acid bacteria at 24 hours and acetic acid bacteria at 48 hours with a microbial population equal to the second treatment (IB). Fermentation is carried out for 120 hours. The temperature is set during fermentation, respectively 35 oC (first 24 hours), 45 oC (second 24 hours), 55 oC (third 24 hours) and 35 oC (last 48 hours). The results showed that during the fermentation of random cocoa beans showed that all treatments increased ethanol consumption in line with the increasing population of S. cerevisiae at the beginning of fermentation. Furthermore, L. lactis increases followed by lactic acid, at the end of A. aceti fermentation increases with acetic acid. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the rehydration of asalan cocoa beans can improve the composition of the pulp as a fermentation substrate. Microbial population shows that microbial succession has been demonstrated by the gradual addition of the inoculum.
IAT Integrated Threat
Authors: Aberson Chris , Ferguson Hannah S
Published: October 2019

Across three studies we applied predictions from Intergroup Contact Theory and Intergroup Threat Theory to an examination of the role of contact and threats in predicting prejudice toward three outgroups. Reactions to African Americans (n = 227), Hispanic Americans (n = 155), and gay men (n = 217), largely supported predictions. Positive contact experiences consistently related to more favorable evaluations and reduced perceptions of threats. Negative contact was differentially predictive across groups with responses to Hispanic Americans providing the most robust support for contact-prejudice and contact-threat relationships. Each study largely supported ITT’s proposition that threats indirectly influence the contact-prejudice relationship, with the most consistent findings found for positive contact. We found little support for relationships between contact, threats, and implicit preferences. We discuss implications in term of the relevance of negative contact to evaluations of low visibility groups and contact asymmetry effects.
The Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale Revised (5DCR): Briefer subscales while separating general overt and covert social curiosity
Authors: Kashdan Todd Barrett , Disabato David , Goodman Fallon Rachael , McKnight Patrick
Published: October 2019

Curiosity is a fundamental human motivation that influences learning, the acquisition of knowledge, and life fulfillment. Our ability to understand the benefits (and costs) of being a curious person hinges on adequate assessment. Synthesizing decades of prior research, our goal was to improve a well-validated, multi-dimensional measure of curiosity (Kashdan et al., 2018). First, we sought to distinguish between two types of social curiosity: the general desire to learn from other people versus covert, surreptitious interest in what other people say and do. Second, we sought to remove weaker items and reduce the length of each subscale. Using data from a survey of 483 working adults (Study 1) and 460 adults (Study 2), we found evidence to support the pre-existing four dimensions of curiosity (Joyous Exploration, Deprivation Sensitivity, Stress Tolerance, and Thrill Seeking) along with the separation of the fifth dimension into General Overt Social Curiosity and Covert Social Curiosity. Each factor of the Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale Revised (5DCR) had substantive relations with a battery of personality (e.g., Big Five, intellectual humility) and well-being (e.g., psychological need satisfaction) measures. With greater bandwidth and predictive power, the 5DCR offers new opportunities for basic research and the evaluation of curiosity enhancing interventions.
Pentingnya Lingkungan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Dewi Yuni Komala
Published: October 2019

Lingkungan dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia secara langsung dapat memicu peserta didik dalam pembelajaran Bahasa dan secara tidak langsung meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang lingkungan sehingga siswa sadar akan pentingnya melestarikan lingkungan dengan hal ini juga akan minimalisir adanya masalah lingkungan di masa yang akan datang.
Pengaruh Materi Lingkungan dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Safitri Nurul
Published: October 2019

di seluruh dunia semua orang menghadapi masalah lingkungan yang serius, seperti pemanasan global, hujan asam, perusakan lapisan ozon, pencemaran lingkungan, kerusakan alam, dan hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati yang dapat mengancam kehidupan generasi mendatang. masalah lingkungan disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia yang ceroboh dan intensif di daerah alami untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidupmanusia. Padahal manusia sebagai salah satu makhluk yang bergantung kepada lingkunganseharusnya menjadi subjek yang memerhatikan dan menjaga lingkungan. Padahal kerusakanlingkungan akan memengaruhi keberlangsungann aktivitas manusia. Mengingat hal ini maka penting untuk memunculkan kesadaran manusia akan pentingnya menjaga lingkungan. Untuk memunculkan kesadaran terhadap lingkungan penting adanya pendidikan lingkungan, salah satunya melalui materi lingkungan dalam pembelajaran bahasa.
Lingkungan sebagai Materi dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Cahyaningrum Ramadhani Wulan
Published: October 2019

Lingkungan sebagai materi dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia memiliki peran penting. Contohnya dengan pemanfaatan teks-teks dengan menggunakan topik lingkungan.
Administrasi Pemeriksaan dan Pelaporan
Authors: endiapriansyah
Published: October 2019

this is paper about basic concept, administration process, school examinationand school financial reporting
Activity Based Costing
Authors: Wati Enny
Published: October 2019

Perhitungan biaya yang dimulai dengan penelusuran aktivitas-aktivitas dan kemudian memproduksi produk. Proses sistem perhitungan biaya yang berfokus pada aktivitas-aktivitas untuk menghasilkan produk. Atribusi biaya ke unit biaya atas dasar manfaat yang diterima dari aktivitas tidak langsung seperti pemesanan dan penjaminan mutu
MODEL GUIDED INQUIRY DAN GUIDED DISCOVERY DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF SISWA SMP
Authors: syafrilianto syafrilianto syafrilianto , Rahman Taufik
Published: October 2019

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan kognitif siswa melalui penerapan model guided inquiry dan guided discovery dalam pembelajaran IPA terpadu. Tema sumber energi alternatif dipilih sebagai tema pembelajaran yang memuat konsep IPA Biologi, Fisika, dan Kimia, terdiri atas briket sebagai sumber kalor dan baterai buah sebagai sumber listrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuasi perlakuan I dengan desain comparison group. Subjek dalam penelitian merupakan siswa kelas VII SMP di Kabupaten Kampar sebanyak 42 siswa yang terdiri dari dua kelas homogen yaitu kelas perlakuan I (Guided Inquiry) dan kelas perlakuan II (Guided Discovery) dengan jumlah 21 siswa pada masing-masing kelas. Adapun karakteristik kedua kelas yaitu memiliki rata-rata tingkat IQ yang sama berdasarkan data nilai ulangan harian sebelumnya. Penentuan subjek dipilih dengan teknik non-randomized sampling karena tidak dimungkinkan untuk mengubah susunan anggota kelas yang telah ditetapkan oleh sekolah. Hasil belajar kognitif siswa diukur menggunakan instrumen tes soal pilihan ganda, terdiri atas 21 butir soal tes kemampuan kognitif yang dilakukan sebanyak dua kali (pretest dan posttest menggunakan instrumen tes yang sama). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu uji normalitas dan uji hipotesis (uji U). Analisis data menggunakan program IBM SPSS 22 statistics dan Microsoft Excell 2010. Nilai rata-rata N-Gain kemampuan kognitif menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan kognitif siswa kelas perlakuan I sebesar 0,44 dengan kategori sedang dan kelas perlakuan II sebesar 0.21 dengan kategori rendah. Sedangkan hasil uji U terhadap nilai N-Gainnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kemampuan kognitif antara siswa kelas perlakuan I dan kelas perlakuan II. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model guided inquiry lebih dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif siswa SMP dibandingkan dengan model guided discovery.
Hubungan Riwayat Preeklampsia dengan Kejadian Preeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Nur A Fahira
Published: October 2019

Masalah kesehatan adalah suatu masalah yang sangat kompleks yang saling berkaitan dengan masalahmasalah lain di luar kesehatan sendiri. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kesehatan, baik kesehatan individu maupun kesehatan masyarakat. Faktor yang mempengaruhi derajat kesehatan adalah lingkungan, perilaku, pelayanan kesehatan, dan herediter. Keempat faktor tersebut disamping berpengaruh langsung kepada kesehatan, juga saling berpengaruh satu sama lainnya. Status kesehatan akan tercapai secara optimal, bilamana keempat faktor tersebut secara bersama-sama mempunyai kondisi yang optimal. Kematian ibu dibagi menjadi kematian langsung dan tidak langsung. Kematian ibu langsung adalah sebagai akibat komplikasi kehamilan, persalinan atau masa nifas dan segala intervensi atau penanganan tidak tepat dari komplikasi tersebut.
PERAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA TERHADAP PENTINGNYA PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN
Authors: woi jennyfer puji lestari
Published: October 2019

Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia mampu memobilisasi pendidikan lingkungan di dalamnya, sehingga di setiap institusi pendidikan sadar akan pentingnya menjaga lingkungan. Hasil survei terhadap 30 koresponden mengatakan setuju jika pendidikan bahasa Indonesia dapat dijadikan media untuk memasukkan materi lingkungan. Hal ini tentu mampu mengubah kebiasaan siswa sejak dini untuk lebih peduli pada lingkungan.
KETAHANAN NASIONAL
Authors: Norma  , Siregar Anita Sahrani
Published: October 2019

Ketahanan nasional adalah kondisi bangsa Indonesia yang meliputi segala aspek kehidupan nasional yang terintegrasi yang berisi keuletan, ketangguhan untuk mengembangkan kekuatan nasional dan mengatasi segala tantangan , ancaman, hambatan, dan gangguan dari dalam ataupun dari luar untuk mencapai tujuan nasional.
Perhitungan Biaya Tradisional
Authors: Wati Enny
Published: October 2019

membahas sistem biaya tradisiional yang meliputi tarif keseluruhan dan tarif departemen. tarif keseluruhan dilakukan dengan menghitung biaya per unit (total biaya unit produksi dibagi jumlah unit produksi). Sedangkan Tarif departemen dihitung dari biaya total departemen dibagi dengan unit yang disetarakan dengan unit jadi di departemen tersebut
Trust Among Siblings is Intuitive
Authors: Shiramizu Victor Kenji Medeiros , Holzleitner Iris Jasmin , O'Shea Kieran J. , Fasolt Vanessa , DeBruine Lisa Marie
Published: October 2019

Research on whether prosocial behavior is deliberate or intuitive typically uses decision time in economic games as a proxy for the automaticity of underlying cognitive processes. We investigate the relationship between trust and decision time in a sample with a predicted high baseline level of cooperative behavior and low conflict between self-interested and cooperative motives: biological siblings. Sixty-three full sibling pairs played for money in a one-shot trust game. We found a significant negative linear (rather than quadratic) effect of trust on decision time: the more money a sibling was trusted with, the quicker the decision was made. These results suggest that trust among siblings is intuitive and largely based on automatic and effortless processes.
Building a collaborative Psychological Science: Lessons learned from ManyBabies 1
Authors: Byers-Heinlein Krista , Bergmann Christina , Davies Catherine , Frank Michael C. , Hamlin Kiley , Kline Struhl Melissa , Kominsky Jonathan F. , Kosie Jessica Elizabeth , Lew-Williams Casey , Liu Liquan , Mastroberardino Meghan , Singh Leher , Waddell Connor P.G. , Zettersten Martin , Soderstrom Melanie
Published: October 2019

The field of infancy research faces a difficult challenge: some questions require samples that are simply too large for any one lab to recruit and test. ManyBabies aims to address this problem by forming large-scale collaborations on key theoretical questions in developmental science, while promoting the uptake of Open Science practices. Here, we look back on the first project completed under the ManyBabies umbrella – ManyBabies 1 – which tested the development of infant-directed speech preference. Our goal is to share the lessons learned over the course of the project and to articulate our vision for the role of large-scale collaborations in the field. First, we consider the decisions made in scaling up experimental research for a collaboration involving 100+ researchers and 70+ labs. Next, we discuss successes and challenges over the course of the project, including: protocol design and implementation, data analysis, organizational structures and collaborative workflows, securing funding, and encouraging broad participation in the project. Finally, we discuss the benefits we see both in ongoing ManyBabies projects and in future large-scale collaborations in general, with a particular eye towards developing best practices and increasing growth and diversity in infancy research and psychological science in general. Throughout the paper, we include first-hand narrative experiences, in order to illustrate the perspectives of researchers playing different roles within the project. While this project focused on the unique challenges of infant research, many of the insights we gained can be applied to large-scale collaborations across the broader field of psychology.
The Relationship Between Online Vigilance and Affective Well-Being in Everyday Life: Combining Smartphone Logging with Experience Sampling
Authors: Johannes Niklas , Meier Adrian , Reinecke Leonard , Ehlert Saara , Setiawan Dinda Nuranissa , Walasek Nicole , Dienlin Tobias , Buijzen Moniek , Veling Harm
Published: October 2019

Through communication technology, users find themselves constantly connected to others to such an extent that they routinely develop a mindset of connectedness. This mindset has been defined as online vigilance. Although there is a large body of research on media use and well-being, the question of how online vigilance impacts well-being remains unanswered. In this preregistered study, we combine experience sampling and smartphone logging to address the relation of online vigilance and affective well-being in everyday life. Seventy-five Android users answered eight daily surveys over five days (N = 1615) whilst having their smartphone use logged. Thinking about smartphone-mediated social interactions (i.e., the salience dimension of online vigilance) was negatively related to affective well-being. However, it was far more important whether those thoughts were positive or negative. No other dimension of online vigilance was robustly related to affective well-being. Taken together, our results suggest that online vigilance does not pose a serious threat to affective well-being in everyday life.
Glasnost: Nine ways Facebook could become a better forum for free speech and democracy
Authors: Ash Timothy Garton , Gorwa Robert , Metaxa Danaë
Published: October 2019

This short report aims to (a) identify some important issues concerning political information and political speech on Facebook, (b) provide an overview of the major changes that Facebook has made in recent years, and then (c) assess these changes, and offer suggestions as to what more the company could do. We concentrate on three main areas: content policy, the process which develops the rules for what speech and activity is permissible on Facebook, and then enforces those rules across the platform; News Feed, the assemblage of algorithms that directly mediates the information to which Facebook users are exposed; and governance, which goes beyond transparency to the internal governance of Facebook, and the mounting concern that Facebook is not adequately accountable to its users and other stakeholders in the countries and communities in which it operates.
Effect of nitrogen content on microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviour of coarse-grained heat-affected zone of nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Li Jianguo , Li Huan , Xu Zhangyin , Yang Jichun , Yang Lijun
Published: October 2019

The microstructures and properties of austenitic stainless steel with varying nitrogen content after welding thermal simulation were investigated. The results indicate that the nitrogen fraction has a considerable influence on the phase composition and properties. Low nitrogen fraction leads to formation of δ-ferrite. After a welding thermal cycle, the number of annealing twins of high nitrogen-containing steel decreases, M23C6 precipitates, and fine M23C6 are observed. For low nitrogen-containing steel, large-size M23C6 and elongated δ-ferrite are formed, which deteriorate the ductility. Meanwhile, equilibrium phase calculations also reveal the inhibiting effect of nitrogen on M23C6 and δ-ferrite. Furthermore, susceptibility to intergranular attack by 10 % oxalic acid solution was detected, and the synergistic effect of coherent twin boundaries, M23C6, and δ-ferrite leads to low resistance to corrosion for low nitrogen-containing steel.
100 JAHRE WEIMARER REICHSVERFASSUNG: ÜBERLEGUNGEN ZUR STRUKTUR UND WIRKUNGEN IHRES GRUNDRECHTSKATALOGS
Authors: Almeida Artur Ferrari de
Published: October 2019

100 Jahre nach ihrer Verkündung herrscht in der Öffentlichkeit noch immer ein negatives Bild der Weimarer Verfassung und ihres Grundrechtskatalogs. Nach einer verbreiteten Auffassung entfalteten die Grundrechtsbestimmungen der Weimarer Verfassung keine juristische Wirkung. Dennoch stimmt diese Sichtweise bezüglich der klassisch-liberalen Grundrechte nicht, da in Weimar nach Wortlaut, Dogmen- und Entstehungsgeschichte die liberalen Freiheitsrechte als aktuelles, geltendes, anwendbares Recht galten. Im Lichte der deutschen Verfassungsgeschichte liegt die Besonderheit der Weimarer Verfassung in der Konstitutionalisierung der sozialen Frage. Die Weimarer Verfassung formulierte ein Sozialstaatsprogramm, dessen Synthese sich in Artikel 151 WRV ausdrückte. Der neue Grundrechtskatalog führte aber nicht zu einem Paradigmenwechsel in der Rechtsprechung. Die Inanspruchnahme der Grundrechte blieb in den gerichtlichen Verfahren die Ausnahme. Mit der Positivierung der sozialen Grundrechte erstrebte die Nationalversammlung keine judizielle Effektivierung dieser Rechte, sie sollten nicht als einklagbare Ansprüche fungieren, was zu Juridifizierung der politischen Auseinandersetzungen, richterlicher Übernahme der Rollen des Gesetzgebers und der Verwaltung im Bereich der Haushaltspolitik. Die Mütter und Väter der Weimarer Reichsverfassung lehnten das Modell eines justizzentrierten Grundrechtsschutzes ab; sie erstrebten gerade die gegenteilige Konzeption: Grundrechtsverwirklichung durch Volk und Volksvertretungen, nicht gegen Parlamente und Mehrheiten.
The Inauguration of Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer
Authors: Yari Saeed , Mosavi Jarrahi Alireza
Published: October 2019

On behalf of the Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention (APOCP) and its subsidiary (the West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention- WAOCP), it is a great honor to present the inaugural issue of Asian Pacific Journal of Envirinment and Cancer (APJEC). APJEC is separated from the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention and is determined to become a leading journal for scientists and researcher of the world. APJEC inherited its activity from the 19-year body of the successful publication of the Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (APJCP) and considers itself to be the APJCP sister publications.
The Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance in Breast Cancer with Nutritional Behaviors and Drug Use
Authors: Falah Asadi Ayda , Shahsavari Saeed , Khosravizadeh Omid , Nourmohammadi Mohammad
Published: October 2019

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and tobacco and alcohol usage as well as inappropriate diet are some risk factors for developing this cancer. On the other hand, breast self-examination is a simple, effective, and cheap method for screening and early detection of breast cancer that is accessible for most of women. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between knowledge, attitude, and performance in the case of breast cancer, with nutritional behaviors and tobacco use. In this descriptive-analytical study, studied population was all women over 15 years old, who were referred to health and treatment center of Buin-Zahra in 2018. The sample size was 250 cases according to a pilot study. Sampling method was random simple sampling, and data were collected using interview method. Data collection tool included two questionnaires (questionnaire of knowledge, attitude, and performance in the case of breast cancer, and questionnaire of life style in the case of tobacco use and diet). Collected data entered SPSS 25 software and Pearson’s correlation test, T-test, and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Most of the studied cases were in 26-30 years old age group (32.8%). 54.8% had diploma, 88% were married, and 90.8% were house-wives. It was indicated that 7% of cases had monthly self-examination and 82.8% had no mammography experience. There was a positive correlation between knowledge and performance about breast cancer, and nutritional status. There were also a significant correlation between age and performance (p-value: 0.044), education level and knowledge (p-value: 0.003), and attitude (p-value: 0.029), marriage status and performance (p-value: 0.002), and occupational type and performance (p-value: 0.001). It is shown that there is a significant correlation between education level, knowledge and attitude. So, it is recommended that  educational effective programs should be used in the health and treatment centers to increase the level of knowledge and attitude of women about breast cancer, and to alter life style pattern in the case of tobacco use (as an environmental factor), and to alter nutritional pattern.
Risk of Mortality Caused by Silicosis and Lung Cancer: a Study on Ceramic Tile Factory Workers
Authors: Nourmohammadi Mohammad , Fallah Asadi Ayda , Mosavi Jarrahi Alireza , Yari Saeed
Published: October 2019

Exposure to silica dust may be considered as an important hazard in the tile industry. The aim of this research was to determine workers’ exposure to crystalline silica dust and assess the relative risk of silicosis and the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer in tile industry. The visible spectroscopy, based on the NIOSH method 7601, was employed to the do sampling and analysis. For estimate the rate of silicosis relate mortality and the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer the Mannetje and rice model used. The highest average of the exposure rate to silica were in Stone crusher (0/43 mg/m3) section and press section while the lowest average of the exposure rate to free silica was in packaging section (0/12 mg/m3). 95 percent of the study samples scored above the occupational exposure limit0.05 mg/m3NIOSH standard.
PELATIHAN PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS BAGI GURU IPA KABUPATEN MANOKWARI PAPUA BARAT
Authors: Widyaningsih Sri Wahyu , Yusuf Irfan , Damopolii Insar
Published: October 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) merupakan kegiatan penelitian tindakan yang dilakukan oleh guru di kelas. Artikel ini merupakan hasil kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) yang dilakukan oleh tim PKM Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Papua. PKM ini bertujuan untuk melatih kemampuan menyusun PTK bagi guru IPA yang ada di Kabupaten Manokwari Papua Barat. Pelatihan diberikan kepada guru-guru IPA yang ada di Kabupaten Manokwari yang dihadiri oleh 35 orang guru IPA dari 17 sekolah SMP yang ada. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan pelatihan ini yaitu metode ceramah, diskusi, demonnstrasi dan latihan penyusunan perangkat dan pelaksanaan PTK.  Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu angket respon yang diisi oleh peserta pelatihan untuk mengetahui tanggapan mereka tentang PTK dan pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan PTK. Teknik analisis data menggunakan pemodelan Rasch. Hasil analisis diperoleh nilai person measure +0,11 lebih besar dari 0,00 logit yang menunjukkan bahwa peserta pelatihan setuju terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan pelatihan PTK. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran pernyataan angket, sebagian besar guru belum pernah melaksanakan PTK sebelumnya sehingga pemahaman mereka tentang PTK masih perlu untuk terus dikembangkan. Kegiatan pelatihan PTK sangat membantu guru-guru IPA di Kabupaten Manokwari dalam menyusun perangkat, melaksanakan, mengevaluasi, dan melaporkan hasil PTK.Kata Kunci: Pelatihan; Penelitian Tindakan Kelas; Respon.Abstract: Classroom Action Research (CAR) is an action research activity carried out by the teacher in the class. This article was the result of Community Service activities conducted by a team of lecturers from the Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Universitas Papua. This activity aims to train the ability to develop CAR for science teachers in Manokwari District, West Papua. The training was given to the existing science teachers in Manokwari District, which was attended by 35 natural science teachers from 17 existing junior high schools. The method used in the implementation of this training was the method of lecture, discussion, demonstration and training in the preparation of tools and implementation of CAR. The instruments used were response questionnaires filled out by training participants to find out their responses about CAR and the implementation of CAR training activities. The data analysis technique uses Rasch modeling. The results of the analysis obtained a person measure value of +0.11 greater than 0.00 logit which indicates that the training participants agreed to the implementation of CAR training activities. Based on the search results of the questionnaire statement, most teachers have never implemented CAR before so their understanding of CAR still needs to be developed. CAR training activities are very helpful for science teachers in Manokwari Regency in compiling devices, implementing, evaluating, and reporting on CAR results. Keywords: Training; Classroom Action Research; Response.
G. Bachelard e W. Heisenberg: o problema da linguagem na mecânica quântica
Authors: Velanes David
Published: October 2019

A mecânica quântica instituiu uma linguagem matemática inteiramente inédita. Essa mudança na física exigiu que físicos e filósofos repensassem os conceitos pelos quais se podiam representar a realidade, uma vez que as noções clássicas se revelaram limitadas na compreensão dos fenômenos atômicos. O filósofo francês G. Bachelard e o físico alemão W. Heisenberg são autores que discorreram acerca das grandes modificações que ocorreram no seio da física, e, com isso, trataram do problema da linguagem na mecânica quântica. Neste artigo, o objetivo é recorrer aos argumentos de ambos os autores para evidenciar relações entre suas ideias acerca da temática referida. Destaca-se que Bachelard e Heisenberg criticam a aplicação da linguagem usual e dos conceitos filosóficos da modernidade na nova física, mas, mediante sua noção de ruptura, o filósofo francês propõe que a mecânica quântica se restrinja à linguagem matemática. Ideia esta que vai contra ao princípio de complementaridade de Bohr, admitido por Heisenberg na compreensão dos fenômenos quânticos e para uma interpretação da física quântica.
A experiência musical e a interpretação simbólico-transcendental a partir de Ernst Cassirer e Susanne Langer
Authors: De Azevedo Junior Ivanio Lopes
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de aprofundar o debate sobre a noção de experiência musical, explicitando os aspectos epistemológicos de uma interpretação filosófica a qual chamamos de simbólico-transcendental. Trata-se do projeto teórico iniciado por Ernst Cassirer, e retomado por Susanne Langer, o qual defende que as manifestações da Cultura são formas simbólicas particulares, quais sejam: conhecimento, linguagem, mito, religião e arte, sendo a partir destas que é possível ao espírito humano significar o real de modo objetivo. A capacidade de simbolizar, por sua vez, constitui-se como resultado de uma função operativa, transcendental e válida a priori, a qual é o aspecto fundante que marca a diferença entre o homens e animais, por exemplo. Para que a experiência musical possa ser entendida nos termos da interpretação simbólico-transcendental que construiremos aqui, realizaremos um percurso argumentativo cujo três momentos centrais são: i) a compreensão da arte como uma forma simbólica particular, ii) a distinção entre arte e linguagem enquanto formas simbólicas e como condição necessária  para a teoria da arte de Susanne Langer e iii) os aspectos constitutivos da experiência musical (significação, produção e recepção).
A filosofia do direito de Hegel: a moralität e a sittlichkeit
Authors: Roani Alcione Roberto
Published: October 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar o problema do formalismo dando ênfase à G. W. F. Hegel e sua Rechtphilosophie como proposta de objetivação dos conteúdos normativos do agir. A intenção é apresentar a versão de Hegel para o problema do formalismo em relação às determinações do agir na esfera ética, política e jurídica. Para a concretização de tal tarefa é necessário investigar as considerações acerca da Moralität e da Sittlichkeit, pressupostos básicos para edificar um projeto recheado por uma Filosofia do Direito e pela figura do Estado político. As contribuições de Hegel para a efetivação da proposta de superação do formalismo se encontram em Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts, Über die wissenscaftischen Behandlungsarten der Naturrechts e Phänomenologie des Geistes. Enfim, o autor apresenta um esclarecimento realçando alguns dos principais aspectos tanto das objeções quanto das tentativas de resposta ao problema.