bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Motivation System of Healthy and Safe Nutrition in Iranian Adolescent Girls: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kaveh Mohammad Hossein , Moradi Leila , Morowatisharifabad Mohammad Ali , Najarzadeh Azadeh , Fallahzadeh Hossein
Published: July 2021

Objective. Motivation determines the possibility of an individual’s intention to accept health‐related behaviors. Despite the important role of the motivational system in conducting healthy and safe nutrition behavior, this issue has not been adequately addressed. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explain the healthy and safe nutrition motivation system among Iranian adolescent girls. Method. In this qualitative study, conventional content analysis was used and participants were selected using the purposive sampling method. Semistructured in‐depth interviews were conducted with 42 adolescent girls in Shiraz, Iran. The interviews continued until data saturation was obtained. Qualitative data were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman qualitative content analysis by MAX‐Q‐DA (version 10) software. Results. The data analysis resulted in three main categories for the participants’ motivational factors for healthy and safe nutrition: (1) maintaining health and social functions, (2) maintaining the family’s mental and economic health, and (3) achieving goals and success in life. The first category included two subcategories: “desire to have an appropriate look and appearance” and “fear of diseases and their complications.” The second category included two subcategories of “maintaining the family’s mental health” and “maintaining the family’s economic health.” The third category consisted of two subcategories: “desire to form a family and be successful in life” and “achieving the future career goals.” Conclusion. The motivation to maintain health and social functions, to maintain the family’s mental and economic health, and to achieve goals and be successful in life has a powerful impact on the decisions and behaviors of adolescent girls to have safe and healthy nutrition. Therefore, recognizing the motivational system, as a key and determinative factor in developing the adolescents’ intention to adopt health‐related behaviors, is an effective step to design and develop successful interventions in promoting nutritional behaviors.
Genetic Aspects of Dental Erosive Wear and Dental Caries
Authors: Tulek Amela , Mulic Aida , Runningen Maria , Lillemo Jannike , Utheim Tor Paaske , Khan Qalbi , Sehic Amer
Published: July 2021

Objectives. The present review aims to give an overview of the literature focusing on novel genetic aspects of dental erosion and dental caries. Once the tooth erupts into the oral cavity, the regenerative capability of enamel is fundamentally limited due to the loss of dental epithelium during eruption. The susceptibility or resistance to dental erosion and caries is presumably a result of environmental, phenotypic, and/or genetic influence. Even though it is evident that individuals frequently exposing their teeth to acid and sugar are at high risk of developing dental erosion and caries, the findings exclusively based on these factors are elusive. Data resources and study selection. The present review was based on data collected from the National Library of Medicine database with different combinations of the following terms: “tooth,” “dental,” “dentin,” “enamel,” “erosion,” “erosive wear,” “caries,” “decay,” “gene,” and “genetic.” A total of forty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted by one reviewer and verified by another. Conclusion. The high prevalence of erosion and caries among certain groups, and observations that not all individuals appearing to be at risk develop these lesions, has sparked research on identifying genetic effects to these conditions. A connection of genome-wide and candidate gene studies has increased considerably in the literature. This review reveals largely varying success among studies, demonstrating the difficulties of developing the study with adequate sample sizes and durable phenotype definitions that permit enough statistical power to identify genetic contributors.
Impact Device for Biomechanics of Human Head-Neck Injuries
Authors: Rueda-Arreguín José Luis , Ceccarelli Marco , Torres-SanMiguel Christopher René
Published: July 2021

This paper describes experimental tests in LARM2 in Rome to analyze impacts on a human head. The tests consist of performing three different types of impact by hitting a commercial head mannequin with a rigid object. Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) sensors and force sensors measure each impact’s effect and evaluate the results. The sensors are located on suitable head points to monitor force, acceleration, and angular displacement on small and large lateral impact and top impact events. Results of tests are discussed to investigate and characterize the biomechanics in human head impacts. Considerations from results are used to formulate a new criterion for head-neck injury by impacts.
Supply Chain Decision Model Based on Blockchain: A Case Study of Fresh Food E-Commerce Supply Chain Performance Improvement
Authors: Liu Zi-Yu , Guo Peng-Tao
Published: July 2021

Aiming at the problems in the performance improvement of the fresh food e-commerce supply chain, in this article, the author defines the constraints on the performance improvement of the fresh food e-commerce supply chain and determines the demand to improve performance in quality and safety, logistics traceability, resource integration, and benefit distribution. In addition, this article conducts coupling analysis on the characteristics of blockchain technology, such as intelligent contract, information sharing, traceability, and performance improvement requirements. The author embeds the alliance chain in the fresh food e-commerce supply chain and designs the blockchain information platform model from four levels: application layer, contract layer, network layer, and data layer, with the purpose of optimizing and improving the performance of the fresh food e-commerce supply chain. What is more, the Stackelberg game model between the supplier and the e-commerce platform was constructed to study and compare the profit changes of the fresh food e-commerce supply chain before and after the application of the blockchain information platform. Finally, the result of Stackelberg game is numerically simulated by Matlab software. The results show that blockchain technology is a booster for the development of the fresh food e-commerce supply chain to a higher stage of the whole industry chain management, coordination, and integration. Investing in the blockchain system within a certain budget range can not only improve the reliability of products, but also improve the performance of each main component of the fresh food e-commerce supply chain, as well as the overall performance. Results can offer a theoretical guidance for producer and retailer in investing in BIP, pricing decision, and supply chain coordination after applying BIP.
Dynamic Behaviors Analysis of a Novel Fractional-Order Chua’s Memristive Circuit
Authors: Wu Chaojun , Zhang Qi , Liu Zhang , Yang Ningning
Published: July 2021

This paper proposed a novel fractional-order Chua’s memristive circuit. Firstly, a fractional-order mathematical model of a diode bridge generalized memristor with RLC filter cascade is established, and simulations verify that the fractional-order generalized memristor satisfies the basic characteristics of a memristor. Secondly, the capacitor and inductor in Chua’s chaotic circuit are extended to the fractional order, and the fractional-order generalized memristor is used instead of Chua’s diode to establish the fractional-order mathematical model of chaotic circuit based on RLC generalized memristor. By studying the stability analysis of the equilibrium point and the influence of the circuit parameters on the system dynamics, the dynamic characteristics of the proposed chaotic circuit are theoretically analyzed and numerically simulated. The results show that the proposed fractional-order memristive chaotic circuit has gone through three states: period, bifurcation, and chaos, and a narrow period window appears in the chaotic region. Finally, the equivalent circuit method is adopted in PSpice to realize the construction of the fractional-order capacitance and inductance, and the simulation of the fractional-order memristive chaotic circuit is completed. The results further verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Board Financial Expertise and Corporate Cash Holdings: Moderating Role of Multiple Large Shareholders in Emerging Family Firms
Authors: MengYun Wu , Um-e-Habiba  , Husnain Muhammad , Sarwar Bushra , Ali Waris
Published: July 2021

This study contributes to the literature by exploring the relationship between board financial expertise and cash holding policy and further showing how this relation is moderated by multiple large shareholders (MLS). This research is based on agency theory, resource dependence, trade‐off, and pecking order theory to confirm how resourceful directors screen cash holding practices. This study selects the 100 listed family firms from the emerging economy of Pakistan for the period of 2006–2017. With the use of static (random and fixed effect estimator) and dynamic (GMM) estimation techniques, this study reveals that the financial expertise of the board members has a significant negative impact on the firms’ cash holding level. Further, moderating effect of MLS between board financial expertise and cash holding is significantly positive due to weak corporate governance mechanisms in family firms. Moreover, the research has implications for developing corporate governance mechanism and the management of liquid assets that corporate management might use for their benefits.
Nonfrontal Expression Recognition in the Wild Based on PRNet Frontalization and Muscle Feature Strengthening
Authors: Cao Tianyang , Liu Chang , Chen Jiamin
Published: July 2021

Nonfrontal facial expression recognition in the wild is the key for artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction. However, it is easy to be disturbed when changing head pose. Therefore, this paper presents a face rebuilding method to solve this problem based on PRNet, which can build 3D frontal face for 2D head photo with any pose. However, expression is still difficult to be recognized, because facial features weakened after frontalization, which had been widely reported by previous studies. It can be proved that all muscle parameters in frontalization face are more weakened than those of real face, except muscle moving direction on each small area. Thus, this paper also designed muscle movement rebuilding and intensifying method, and through 3D face contours and Fréchet distance, muscular moving directions on each muscle area are extracted and muscle movement is strengthened following these moving directions to intensify the whole face expression. Through this way, nonfrontal facial expression can be recognized effectively.
Alternating Minimization Methods for Solving Multilinear Systems
Authors: Liang Maolin , Dai Lifang
Published: July 2021

Recent works on the multilinear systemAxm−1=bwith an order-mand dimension-ntensorAand a vectorbof dimension-

n

have been motivated by their applications in data mining, numerical PDEs, tensor complementary problems, and so on. In this paper, we propose an alternating minimization method for the solution of the system mentioned above and present several randomized versions of this algorithm in order to improve its performance. The provided numerical experiments show that our methods are feasible for any tensorAand outperform some existing ones in the same case.
Estimation of Isentropic Compressibility of Biodiesel Using ELM Strategy: Application in Biofuel Production Processes
Authors: Elveny Marischa , Hosseini Meysam , Chen Tzu-Chia , Lawal Adedoyin Isola , Alizadeh S. M.
Published: July 2021

Isentropic compressibility is one of the significant properties of biofuel. On the other hand, the complexity related to the experimental procedure makes the detection process of this parameter time‐consuming and hard. Thus, we propose a new Machine Learning (ML) method based on Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) to model this important value. A real database containing 483 actual datasets is compared with the outputs predicted by the ELM model. The results of this comparison show that this ML method, with a mean relative error of 0.19 and R2 values of 1, has a great performance in calculations related to the biodiesel field. In addition, sensitivity analysis exhibits that the most efficient parameter of input variables is the normal melting point to determine isentropic compressibility.
Numerical Simulation of Mining‐Induced Stress Evolution and Fault Slip Behavior in Deep Mining
Authors: Jiao Zhenhua , Wang Lei , Zhang Ming , Wang Jiong
Published: July 2021

The ground pressure distributes significant variation in underground mining near fault. Fault reactivation is an important factor to induce the rock burst. Therefore, characterizing geological settings in mining areas by the geological information can improve the accuracy of simulation. To investigate the characteristic of mining stress evolution and reactivation of the F16 reverse fault during the retreat Mining‐Induced s in Yima coalfield, a three‐dimensional digital elevation model based on GIS platform was applied. The 3D geological model includes three working faces, and F16 fault was constructed by AutoCAD software. Then, the 3D geological model was imported into the FLAC3D code to simulate the potential of mining‐induced fault reactivation. The simulation results illustrate that the footwall of F16 fault is a high stress concentration area. Affected by F16 fault and the huge thick gravel rock in the roof, the coal seam near the fault accumulates a large amount of elastic strain energy, which increases the potential of rock burst hazards in the process of mining.
Identification of Multiple Hub Genes and Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Liu Junwei , Han Fang , Ding Jianyi , Liang Xiaodong , Liu Jie , Huang Dongsheng , Zhang Chengwu
Published: July 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system, and its early asymptomatic characteristic increases the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment. This study is aimed at obtaining some novel biomarkers with diagnostic and prognostic meaning and may find out potential therapeutic targets for HCC. We screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the HCC gene expression profile GSE14520 using GEO2R. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were conducted by using the clusterProfiler software while a protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was performed based on the STRING database. Then, prognosis analysis of hub genes was conducted using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was utilized to further verify the expression of hub genes and explore the correlation between gene expression and clinicopathological parameters. A total of 1053 DEGs were captured, containing 497 upregulated genes and 556 downregulated genes. GO and KEGG analysis indicated that the downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in the fatty acid catabolic process while upregulated DEGs were primarily enriched in the cell cycle. Simultaneously, ten hub genes (CYP3A4, UGT1A6, AOX1, UGT1A4, UGT2B15, CDK1, CCNB1, MAD2L1, CCNB2, and CDC20) were identified by the PPI network. Five prognosis‐related hub genes (CYP3A4, CDK1, CCNB1, MAD2L1, and CDC20) were uncovered by the survival analysis based on TCGA database. The ten hub genes were further validated by qRT‐PCR using samples obtained from our hospital. The prognosis‐related hub genes such as CYP3A4, CDK1, CCNB1, MAD2L1, and CDC20 could be considered potential diagnosis biomarkers and prognosis targets for HCC. We also use Oncomine for further verification, and we found CCNB1, CCNB2, CDK1, and CYP3A4 which were highly expressed in HCC. Meanwhile, CCNB1, CCNB2, and CDK1 are highly expressed in almost all cancer types, which may play an important role in cancer. Still, further functional study should be conducted to explore the underlying mechanism and biological effect in the near future.
Optimal Sizing of Battery Energy Storage System in a Shipboard Power System with considering Energy Management Optimization
Authors: Bao Xianqiang , Xu Xinghua , Zhang Yan , Xiong Yiyong , Shang Chengya
Published: July 2021

Due to the increasing concerns about the environmental and economic issues of traditional ships, all-electric ships with energy storage and renewable energy integration have become more and more appealing for the forthcoming future. In this paper, an optimal energy storage system (ESS) capacity determination method for a marine ferry ship is proposed; this ship has diesel generators and PV panels. ESSs sizing optimization and power system scheduling optimization are simultaneously conducted and it is converted to a mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) model with special modeling techniques. The case study shows that the proposed method is flexible and effective, and the relationships between the ESSs size and the discharge rate, life cycle times, or initial investment cost are investigated.
An Efficient Routing Approach to Maximize the Lifetime of IoT-Based Wireless Sensor Networks in 5G and Beyond
Authors: Jothikumar C. , Ramana Kadiyala , Chakravarthy V. Deeban , Singh Saurabh , Ra In-Ho
Published: July 2021

The Internet of Things grew rapidly, and many services, applications, sensor-embedded electronic devices, and related protocols were created and are still being developed. The Internet of Things (IoT) allows physically existing things to see, hear, think, and perform a significant task by allowing them to interact with one another and exchange valuable knowledge when making decisions and caring out their vital tasks. The fifth-generation (5G) communications require that the Internet of Things (IoT) is aided greatly by wireless sensor networks, which serve as a permanent layer for it. A wireless sensor network comprises a collection of sensor nodes to monitor and transmit data to the destination known as the sink. The sink (or base station) is the endpoint of data transmission in every round. The major concerns of IoT-based WSNs are improving the network lifetime and energy efficiency. In the proposed system, Optimal Cluster-Based Routing (Optimal-CBR), the energy efficiency, and network lifetime are improved using a hierarchical routing approach for applications on the IoT in the 5G environment and beyond. The Optimal-CBR protocol uses the k-means algorithm for clustering the nodes and the multihop approach for chain routing. The clustering phase is invoked until two-thirds of the nodes are dead and then the chaining phase is invoked for the rest of the data transmission. The nodes are clustered using the basic k-means algorithm during the cluster phase and the highest energy of the node nearest to the centroid is selected as the cluster head (CH). The CH collects the packets from its members and forwards them to the base station (BS). During the chaining phase, since two-thirds of the nodes are dead and the residual energy is insufficient for clustering, the remaining nodes perform multihop routing to create chaining until the data are transmitted to the BS. This enriches the energy efficiency and the network lifespan, as found in both the theoretical and simulation analyses.
Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae in Adolescents: Effects on the Short‐Term Outcomes of Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy
Authors: Huang Yong , Mao Lu , Shi Hang , Ren Guanrui , Zhu Lei , Zhang Rui , Shan Zhengming , Wu Xiaotao
Published: July 2021

Objective. To investigate whether lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) affects the clinical outcomes of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) in adolescent patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods. This was a retrospective study with two groups. Group A was made up of 22 adolescent LDH patients with LSTV (18 males and 4 females). Group B was made up of 44 adolescent LDH patients without LSTV (36 males and 4 females), who were matched to group A for age, sex, and body mass index. All patients underwent PELD at the L4/5 or L5/S1 single level and were followed up at 18 months after surgery. We identified LSTV on radiographs and computed tomography and assessed the imaging characteristics of all patients. Outcomes were evaluated through a numerical rating scale (NRS), the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), the modified MacNab grading system, and the incidence of additional lumbar surgery. Results. At 18 months after PELD, both groups had significant improvements in the mean NRS scores of low back pain (LBP) or leg pain and the ODI scores. In terms of the MacNab criteria, 90.9% in group A and 93.2% in group B showed excellent or good outcomes. The mean NRS scores of LBP or leg pain, ODI score, and MacNab grade after surgery were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Two patients (one patient had a recurrence; one patient had a new lumbar disc herniation) in group A and 3 patients (one patient had a recurrence; two patients had new lumbar disc herniations) in group B underwent additional lumbar surgery. Conclusions. Our study suggests that in terms of pain relief, life function improvement, and the incidence of additional lumbar surgery, LSTV has no effect on the short‐term clinical outcomes of PELD in adolescents. A new lumbar disc herniation is an important reason for additional surgery in adolescents, regardless of the LSTV status.
Antitumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) Infliximab-Induced Pleural Effusion and Pericarditis in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Fonseca Ashley , Sunny Julee , Felipez Lina M.
Published: July 2021

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that can be associated with intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. Some patients are treated with infliximab, an antitumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) agent, to help them achieve and maintain clinical and biochemical remission. However, some patients with CD can present severe adverse effects such as drug-induced lupus and rarely present with pleural space and pericardium involvement. We report a case of an 18-year-old Hispanic male with CD who acquired anti-TNF-α-induced lupus after infliximab therapy presenting with pleural effusion and pericarditis. The patient presented with a 2-week history of pleuritic chest pain. Initial laboratory workup was remarkable for leukocytosis and increased inflammatory markers. Imaging and cardiovascular studies were consistent with pericarditis and pleural effusions. Serositis was initially thought to be reactive secondary to the current Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. He was treated with colchicine 0.6 mg PO TID for six weeks and azithromycin 500 mg PO for seven days. Pain improved after discharge but resurfaced on the day of infliximab infusion. Imaging and cardiovascular studies demonstrated the persistence of pleural effusions and pericarditis. Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis was consistent with exudative pleural effusions. Rheumatological workup was remarkable for increased antihistone antibodies, consistent with drug-induced lupus. Infliximab-induced pericarditis and pleural effusions are rarely reported in the literature. It is thought that infliximab may have a proinflammatory activity or have a delayed type III hypersensitivity reaction. The first line of therapy of anti-TNF-α-induced lupus is the withdrawal of the offending drug. Our patient is unique as few cases of anti-TNF-α-induced pleural effusion and pericarditis in CD are reported. After discontinuing the offending drug, ustekinumab was started, and maintaining a steroid and colchicine regimen, the patient’s chest pain improved. Antihistone antibodies have returned to normal one month after starting ustekinumab.
Study on the Sensitivity and Uncertainty of Nuclear Data to the Sodium-Cooled Linear Breed-and-Burn Fast Reactor Using SCALE6.2 Code
Authors: Vu Thanh Mai , Hartanto Donny
Published: July 2021

Previously, the neutronics design of a small and compact linear breed-and-burn fast reactor (B&BR) was completed. The reactor produces 400 MWth power, and it can operate with excess reactivity of less than 1$ for more than 50 years without refuelling. As the blanket fuel, the spent nuclear fuel (SNF) from existing light water reactors (LWRs) is used to reduce the burden from the problematic long-lived isotopes in SNF. However, by loading massive nuclides at the initial core, the impact of nuclear data uncertainty on the reactivity calculation results of SNF-fuelled B&BR at the beginning of life (BOL) is expected to be significant because these nuclides have different credentials in evaluated nuclear data libraries. In this study, the impact of nuclear library uncertainty from ENDF/B-VII.0 and ENDF/B-VII.1 on reactivity calculation of B&BR is evaluated using the continuous-energy TSUNAMI-3D module in the SCALE6.2 code package. The uncertainty of reactivity calculation results of B&BR caused by the inaccuracy of two libraries is significant (more than 2000 pcm), mainly from the uncertainty of 235,238U and 56Fe cross section. The energy-dependent sensitivity profiles show that they are significant at the fast energy range. The uncertainty of coolant void reactivity (CVR) is about 18%, and that of fuel temperature coefficient (FTC) is about 15% of the reactivity effect. The top five contributions for CVR accounted for elastic scattering of 238U, capture of 235,238U, and elastic scattering of 23Na and 56Fe. Meanwhile, the top contributors for FTC were accounted for elastic scattering of 238U and 56Fe, capture of 235U, and elastic scattering of 94Zr and 57Fe. It is highly recommended to improve the accuracy of those isotopes’ cross sections at the high energy range to provide a more reliable reactivity calculation for the fast system.
Cancer of the External Auditory Canal with Extensive Osteoradionecrosis of the Skull Base after Re-Irradiation with Particle Beams: A Case Report
Authors: Matsuo Mioko , Yasumatsu Ryuji , Yoshida Sei , Jiroumaru Rina , Hashimoto Kazuki , Wakasaki Takahiro , Nakagawa Takashi
Published: July 2021

Re-irradiation with X-rays and particle beams can be used to treat localized recurrence of unresectable head and neck cancer after initial irradiation therapy. However, re-irradiation therapy increases the risk of severe and late sequelae by 4-to 8-fold. It can also result in fatal outcomes, such as rupture of the carotid artery and cerebral necrosis or abscess. A 41-year-old woman was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal. The patient was initially treated with X-ray irradiation. However, the patient underwent re-irradiation with heavy particle beams and neutron rays for a recurrent tumor. The patient developed necrosis of the skull base involving the facial skin and temporal bone 2 months after the last session of re-irradiation therapy. The tissue in the parapharyngeal and masticatory regions also became completely necrotic, resulting in extensive exposure of the brain parenchyma. Although the patient underwent conservative and surgical treatment, necrosis of the tissue progressed, and a large part of the brain was exposed. Approximately 2.5 years later, although the brain is still exposed, the patient is alive without disease. Although the tumor had subsided and long-term survival was achieved, our patient developed serious osteoradionecrosis of the skull base with extensive brain exposure. For patients who are not candidates for surgery, re-irradiation alone is an option, albeit with poor prospects. This approach should be discussed with the patient while balancing the potential survival gain against the burden of treatment and the risk of complications.
Objective Measurement of Walking Activity Using Wearable Technologies in People with Parkinson Disease: A Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Carlin Thomas , Hansen Clint , Vuillerme Nicolas
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with motor and nonmotor symptoms with a multitude of disease variations and severity. Physical activity can improve the management of disease symptoms and increase patients’ quality of life. Technological development of small wearable devices allows objective activity measurement such as daily step count. Objective: To synthesize ongoing and past research on objective walking activity measurements using wearable devices in patients with PD. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and PEDro database are systematically searched with no limitation on publication date. Keywords are relative to (1) the population, (2) the measurement tool, and (3) the measured outcomes. Only full-text English articles published in a peer-reviewed journal will be included. Participants do not have to undergo any type of intervention. Included studies must report an objective measurement of walking activity using wearable devices in PD patients. After an independent screening process done by 2 reviewers, data will be extracted from the articles according to the following 5 set of data: (1) the study metrics, (2) the population characteristics, (3) the measurement tools, (4) the experimental procedure, and (5) the reported outcomes. Results: The results will contain inter alia summaries of the wearables’ specifications, wearing location, and recommendations for feasible methodologies to capture daily walking activity. Discussion: This review aims to synthesize the evidence of objective walking activity assessment with wearable devices in patients with PD. It will also provide recommendations with regard to device selection and suggest key points when monitoring walking activity in this specific population.
Cardiac Output Determination in Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension: A Systematic Review
Authors: Genecand Léon , Adler Dan , Beghetti Maurice , Lador Frédéric
Published: July 2021

Background: Cardiac output determination is essential in precapillary pulmonary hypertension. While direct Fick is the gold standard, thermodilution is commonly used as the reference method. Moving to noninvasive methods would be highly beneficial for patients, avoiding repetitive invasive assessments. This systematic review followed 3 objectives: (1) assessing the validity of indirect Fick and thermodilution in precapillary pulmonary hypertension, (2) assessing the interchangeability of noninvasive cardiac output measurement methods against reference methods in precapillary pulmonary hypertension, and (3) detecting methodological heterogeneity in the included studies. Methods: We systematically reviewed the literature using medical databases and following PRISMA guidelines. We included articles comparing an invasive or noninvasive cardiac output measurement method with thermodilution or direct Fick in precapillary pulmonary hypertension patients. Cutoffs of limits of agreement and percentage error derived from the Bland and Altman graph were used to accept interchangeability. To study methodological heterogeneity, we extracted 9 quality criteria from all studies. Results: Eleven studies were included. None reached the suggested interchangeability criteria. The median number of the 9 assessed quality criteria was 2 with interquartile range (0–4). Conclusions: Further studies evaluating the reliability of thermodilution and the consequences of its use in precapillary pulmonary hypertension patients are necessary. No evidence supports the use of indirect Fick in precapillary pulmonary hypertension. The studied noninvasive methods could not be considered interchangeable with invasive methods. A robust methodology should be used to draw sensible conclusions.
De novo Glomerular Disease and the Significance of Electron Microscopy in Renal Transplantation
Authors: Seshan Surya V. , Salvatore Steven P.
Published: July 2021

Background: De novo glomerular diseases comprising those both common and unique to transplant may develop in the renal allograft leading to posttransplant proteinuria, hematuria, or allograft failure. Electron microscopy (EM) is a useful adjunct to the standard light and immunofluorescence microscopy for accurately diagnosing these diseases and subsequently aiding the clinician in initiating appropriate treatments. Summary: De novo diseases are those new-onset diseases in renal transplantation that are unrelated to the original kidney disease in the recipient. They include virtually any primary or secondary glomerular, tubulointerstitial, or vascular diseases, ranging from subclinical to clinically overt, having acute, subacute, or chronic clinical presentations. This review focuses on common or significant, mainly glomerular, entities, with particular attention to the EM findings. The time of onset, stage, and severity of these diseases may often be modified by the current immunosuppressive protocols and other donor and recipient predisposing characteristics. Key Messages: A renal allograft biopsy not only improves our understanding of the pathophysiology but also provides diagnostic accuracy prognostic information, and potential for reversibility. In some cases, the biopsy leads to detection of unsuspected or clinically asymptomatic de novo diseases in the setting of other concomitant rejection processes, infection, or toxicity, which can dictate appropriate therapy. Routine EM in transplant kidney biopsies is a valuable modality in recognizing fully developed or early/subtle features of evolving de novo diseases, often during the subclinical phases, in “for cause” or surveillance/protocol allograft biopsies.
The Fear of Gastric Cancer in Patients with Dyspepsia: Challenge in Specialist Care Gastroenterology
Authors: Macke Lukas , Schulz Christian , Malfertheiner Peter
Published: July 2021

Background: Dyspepsia is one of the most common complaints in gastroenterology. While its etiology is usually benign, rare cases of malignancy have to be identified. Individualized risk stratification is essential for cost-effective management of dyspepsia. Here, we discuss the challenges of investigating dyspepsia at the specialist level and provide a framework for rational workup and surveillance strategies. Summary: Causes of dyspepsia can be functional or organic, including gastritis, peptic ulcers, or malignancy. H. pylori gastritis represents a specific entity of dyspepsia and increases the risk of gastric cancer. H. pylori eradication can improve symptoms in a subset of patients and reduce gastric cancer risk. In young patients without alarm features, malignancy is rare, and noninvasive testing for H. pylori is appropriate. In elder patients and those with alarm features, high-quality endoscopy is the method of choice to rule out malignancy. Advanced corpus-predominant atrophic gastritis with or without intestinal metaplasia represent precancerous lesions. Key Messages: Symptom assessment requires to distinguish dyspepsia of functional or organic origin. Risk stratification in dyspeptic patients is based on age, alarm features, and H. pylori status. Noninvasive test-and-treat is recommended in patients with low gastric cancer risk, while endoscopy is recommended in individuals at increased risk. H. pylori infection should be eradicated in order to obtain a symptomatic benefit and reduce gastric cancer risk. Advanced preneoplastic lesions require endoscopic surveillance.
MATERYALİST EĞİLİMİN X, Y, Z’Sİ! MATERYALİST EĞİLİM, MARKA BİLİNCİ VE PARAYA VERİLEN ÖNEM ÜSTÜNEKUŞAKLARARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: EROĞLU Filiz , KILIÇ Figen
Published: July 2021

Toplumda bireylerin materyalist eğiliminin bilinmesi, devlet politikalarını veya pazarlama stratejilerini geliştirenlerden sosyal bilim araştırmacılarına kadar farklı kesimleri yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Sahip olduğu özellikler itibariyle birbirinden ayrılan kuşaklarda materyalist eğilimin ve konu ile ilgili olduğu düşünülen marka bilinci ve paraya verilen önemin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı, eski kuşaklardan yeni kuşaklara doğru bahsi geçen konularda belirgin bir yükseliş ve azalmanın olup olmadığı bilgisi bu nedenle önem taşımaktadır. Söz konusu sorulara cevap bulmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, X, Y ve Z kuşağı temsilcisi 463 katılımcıdan toplanan veriler ANOVA ve frekans analizlerine tabi tutulmuş; bulgular, Z kuşağının diğer kuşaklara göre anlamlı derecede daha materyalist, paraya daha fazla önem veren, anlamlı çıkmasa da marka bilinci daha yüksek kuşak olduğunu ortaya koymuş, X ve Y kuşakları arasında değişkene göre farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Her üç kuşakta da paraya verilen önem, materyalist eğilimin boyutları arasında da mutluluk boyutu diğerlerinden yüksek çıkmıştır. Bulguların, kamu ve özel sektörde geliştirilecek stratejilerde ve gelecek araştırmalarda faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
DİNİ YÖNELİM EĞİLİMİ VE SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMININ GÖSTERİŞÇİ TÜKETİM ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: BAYAT Murat , YILDIRIM Hatice
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışma dini yönelimin ve sosyal medya kullanımının gösterişçi tüketimi nasıl etkilediğini araştırmakta, farklı dini yönelime sahip ve farklı amaçlarla sosyal medyayı kullanan kişilerin gösterişçi tüketim eğilimlerini incelemektedir. Nicel veri toplama yöntemlerinden çevirim içi anketin tercih edildiği bu çalışma sonucunda içsel dini yönelime sahip bireylerin daha az gösterişçi tüketimde bulundukları, dışsal dini yönelime sahip bireylerin ise gösterişçi tüketim eğilimlerinin daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca sosyal medya kullanımının gösterişçi tüketimi pozitif yönde etkilediği, sosyal medyayı eğitim amaçlı kullananlar ile gösterişçi tüketim arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu araştırma sonucunda görülmüştür. Sosyal medya kullanım amacının gösterişçi tüketim üzerinde etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
HAVAYOLU TALEBİNE YÖNELİK YOLCU PROFİLİ VE TERCİHLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: KONYA ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ERGEN IŞIKLAR Zeynep , CANÖZ Nilüfer , ERTEK Ahmet
Published: July 2021

Havacılığın bilimsel geçmişi, 1400’lü yıllara kadar uzanmaktadır. Ancak modern havacılığın başlangıcı ilk motorlu uçağın icat edildiği 1903 yılı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu tarihten sonra havacılık hızlı bir şekilde büyümüş, 1970’lerin sonuna doğru havacılık alanındaki sıkı düzenlemelerin serbestleşmeye başlamasıyla da zirveye ulaşmıştır.
Günümüzde ülkelerin ekonomik ve sosyal gelişimine önemli katkılar sağlayan hava taşımacılığı, kullanıcılara sunduğu hız, güvenlik, konfor vb. özellikleri sayesinde her geçen gün daha çok tercih edilmektedir.
Tüm stratejik uçuş planları, yolcu talebine göre şekillendirilmeye çalışıldığından havayolu işletmeleri için yolcu talebinin belirlenmesi önemli bir konudur. Bu önemden hareketle bu araştırmada Konya ilinde havayolu taşımacılığı talebini etkileyen faktörlerin neler olduğunu belirlemek amacıyla, Konya ilinde yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzerindeki 1200 kişiye yüz yüze anket tekniği ile bir alan araştırması uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS paket programı ile analiz edilmiş ve sonuçlar yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulguların, Konya’nın ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel gelişimine katkı sağlaması; havayolu işletmelerinin gelecek planlamalarına veri oluşturması ve Konya ilindeki havayolu taşımacılığının tercih edilme oranını artırma amaçlı çalışmalara kaynak oluşturması beklenmektedir.
TÜRKİYE’DE BELEDİYE HİZMETLERİNDEN MEMNUNİYET DÜZEYİ: İLLER ARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMA
Authors: KORKUT Hüseyin
Published: July 2021

Mahalli idareler ve özellikle belediyelerin vatandaşların hayat kalitesinin artırılması amacıyla sağlıklı çevrenin oluşturulmasından iktisadi hayatın geliştirilmesine, alt yapı hizmetlerinden toplumun refah seviyesinin yükseltilmesinin temin edilmesine ve eğitim ve kültür seviyesinin yükseltilmesine kadar birçok görevi vardır. Teknolojik gelişmeler ve küresel değişimler şehir hayatının ortaya çıkardığı yeni ihtiyaçları çeşitlendirmekte ve şehirde yaşayan insanların beklentilerini etkilemektedir. Bu beklenti ve taleplerin karşılanabiliyor olması şehirde yaşayan insanların tatminine ve mutluluğuna yansımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; TÜİK tarafından 2013 yılında uygulanmış olan Yaşam Memnuniyeti Araştırması (YMA-2013) verileri kullanılarak belediyelerin sürdürdüğü hizmetler bakımından vatandaş memnuniyet düzeyi iller bazında karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmesidir. Ayrıca vatandaşların genel memnuniyet verileri ile belediye hizmetlerinden memnuniyet düzeyi arasındaki etkileşim-ilişki tartışılacaktır. Böylece belediyelerin üstlendiği ve sürdürdüğü ve de TÜİK 2013 Yaşam Memnuniyet Araştırması’nda yer alan hizmet alanları itibariyle şehir hayatının niteliğine ve vatandaşların mutluluğuna yansıması tartışmalarına katkı sağlamış olacaktır.
Efficient Computation of Expectations under Spanning Tree Distributions
Authors: Zmigrod Ran , Vieira Tim , Cotterell Ryan
Published: July 2021

We give a general framework for inference in spanning tree models. We propose unified algorithms for the important cases of first-order expectations and second-order expectations in edge-factored, non-projective spanning-tree models. Our algorithms exploit a fundamental connection between gradients and expectations, which allows us to derive efficient algorithms. These algorithms are easy to implement with or without automatic differentiation software. We motivate the development of our framework with several cautionary tales of previous research, which has developed numerous inefficient algorithms for computing expectations and their gradients. We demonstrate how our framework efficiently computes several quantities with known algorithms, including the expected attachment score, entropy, and generalized expectation criteria. As a bonus, we give algorithms for quantities that are missing in the literature, including the KL divergence. In all cases, our approach matches the efficiency of existing algorithms and, in several cases, reduces the runtime complexity by a factor of the sentence length. We validate the implementation of our framework through runtime experiments. We find our algorithms are up to 15 and 9 times faster than previous algorithms for computing the Shannon entropy and the gradient of the generalized expectation objective, respectively.
From Wng to Καιέχως – a Possible Explanation for the Cartouche Name KꜢ-kꜢ.w?
Authors: Theis Christoffer
Published: July 2021

So far, it has not been possible to equate the name KꜢ-kꜢ.w of the second king Horus Rꜥ-nb(=i) of the Second Dynasty, written in a cartouche during the Ramesside Period, with a name attested at the time of this dynasty. Taking into account the theory advanced by Jochem Kahl that Horus Rꜥ-nb(=i) is the same ruler as Wng, it is possible to develop a sequence in Hieratic script which leads from Wng to KꜢ-kꜢ.w and is based on a misreading of an Egyptian scribe.
Towards an Integrated Theology of Youth
Authors: Stanton Graham D.
Published: July 2021

This article summarises eight theological perspectives on youth and young people. Young people are variously seen as (1) sinful creatures in need of redemption; (2) gifts of God and sources of joy; (3) developing beings in need of guidance and instruction; (4) open to conversion; (5) vulnerable to exploitation; (6) fully human, made in God’s image; (7) a prophetic presence; and (8) a prophetic voice. Rather than simply affirm all 8 perspectives as important, an integrated theological perspective on youth views young people within the distinctive features of their created reality, with particular strengths and assets along with distinct needs and deficits, to be fully capable as bearers of the divine image, and with emerging capability as social agents.
Introduction: Taiwan as Epistemic Challenger
Authors: Chen Chih-Jou Jay , Hsiao Hsin-Huang Michael
Published: July 2021

Four articles are included in this topical section on ‘Taiwan as Epistemic Challenger’. Two of the four contributions were originally presented at the 3rd World Congress of Taiwan Studies held on 6–8 September 2018 at Academia Sinica in Taipei. The main theme of this Congress was ‘Taiwan in the Globalized World: The Relevance of Taiwan Studies to the Social Sciences and Humanities’. The other two contributions were accepted through a call for papers. The topical section aims to demonstrate that Taiwanese scholars and foreign researchers of Taiwanese society can transcend the competitive disadvantage of studying a single country and make Taiwan visible in international scholarship. The findings of relevant Taiwan studies research can instead modify the epistemic assumptions and methodology in different disciplines of the social sciences and humanities.
Taxonomic review on the Trioserica Moser, 1922 species of China (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Sericini)
Authors: AHRENS DIRK , LIU WANGANG , FABRIZI SILVIA , BAI MING
Published: July 2021

In the present study the taxonomy of the species of the genus Trioserica Moser, 1922 from China is revised. We recorded so far six valid species, of which five resulted to be new to science: Trioserica cangyuanensis Ahrens, Liu & Fabrizi, new species, T. daweishana Ahrens, Liu & Fabrizi, new species, T. dinghushanica Ahrens, Liu & Fabrizi, new species, T. lilongensis Ahrens, Liu & Fabrizi, new species, and T. shiyiduiensis Ahrens, Liu & Fabrizi, new species. The habitus and male genitalia of the species are illustrated and maps of their known distribution are shown.
A new species and new records of Pachychernes Beier, 1932 from Colombia (Pseudoscorpiones, Chernetidae)
Authors: MARIMON KARLA , VILLARREAL-BLANCO EDUARDO , ROMERO-ORTIZ CATALINA , GUTIERREZ LUIS C.
Published: July 2021

In Colombia, the status of the Neotropical genus Pachychernes Beier, 1932 is unknown. The only available data in literature to support the presence of this genus is an adult of P. aff. subrobustus, possibly female, from copal resin without specific locality data, and a record at generic level from Northern Colombia. In this study, we extend the distribution of Pachychernes by describing a new species, P. florezi sp. n. and several reporting individuals of P. zehorum Muchmore, 1997 from Montes de María and the Caribbean coast of the country. These species are clearly differentiated from one another by the sexual dimorphism in the latter species, with a depression on the tarsus I in males. We also present an updated key for all species of the genus.
Alburnus battalgilae, a synonym of A. attalus (Teleostei: Leuciscidae)
Authors: BAYÇELEBİ ESRA , TURAN DAVUT , KAYA CÜNEYT , FREYHOF JÖRG
Published: July 2021

Alburnus battalgilae Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2007 from the Gediz River drainage in western Anatolia is a junior synonym of A. attalus Özuluğ & Freyhof, 2007, from the adjacent Bakır River drainage. We were unable to confirm the morphological differences originally proposed. As both species have been described in the same publication, as First Reviewers, we prioritise of A. attalus over A. battalgilae.