bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Graphene and its Effect on the Structural and Optical Properties of TiO2 Nano Thin Films Prepared by PLD Technique
Authors: Salih Amer M. , Majeed Zuheer N. , Mohammed Sabri J.
Published: May 2022

In this study, thin films were prepared from pure titanium dioxide doped with graphene (1, 3, 5, 7%) wt using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the prepared films were polycrystalline with a quaternary structure. It is noted that there are diffraction peaks corresponding to the levels (101, 004, 200, 211), and in the preferential direction (101), we notice that the intensity of the peak (101) decreases with increasing doping with the appearance of a new peak when doping at rates (5, 7%)and angle (26.5 ) This peak represents graphene oxide, and that the grain size decreased with increasing doping with graphene, where the grain size ranged between (20-40) nm. EDX analysis also shows that the results of the ratios were close to the required ratios, The results showed in the scanning electron microscope that the increase in the percentage of doping leads to the crystallization and agglomeration of graphene oxide and its rise over the Titanium dioxide (TiO2) until the surface reaches the state of collapse. The optical properties revealed an increase in the value of the energy gap by increasing the doping with graphene oxide, as it ranged between (3.15-3.7) eV.
Evaluation of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Level as a Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis among Iraqi Patients
Authors: Basma F.M. , Karaawi Ibtihal A. AL-
Published: May 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. MIF protein is one of proinflammatory cytokines has been implicated in various inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Therefore, the goal of the study was to assess the role of MIF in the pathogenesis of RA in Iraqi patient. One hundred and eighty (180) participants were involved; ninety patients with RA and ninety healthy controls. All participants were assessed by the following diagnostic lab analyses: RF, Anti-CCP, ESR, CRP and CBC to confirm RA disease. MIF level were evaluated in participants' sera by using ELISA assay. The age mean of RA patients was (52.03 ± 13.01); the patients more than 50 years age represent 57.80%. Significant difference was recorded in male and female frequencies among patients and controls (p=0.023). The mean of RA patients' body weight was (83.68 ± 14.15). According to disease duration, more than 10 years of disease duration was the most frequent (44.4%). Disease activity score recorded that (55.6%) of patients represent a moderate RA activity. Median levels of RF, CRP, Anti-CCP Abs and ESR recorded a significant increase in RA patients' sera; RBCs and HGB recorded lower values in patients of RA compared to control group; WBCs, lymphocyte and PLT count recorded no significant differences between the study groups (p-value>0.05 for all), while significant high value of neutrophils was recorded in RA patients than in healthy control (p<0.001). The mean of MIF serum level showed significant increase in RA patients compared to controls (22.51 vs. 4.33 ng/ml; p< 0.001); receiver operator characteristics curve (ROC) of MIF indicated that MIF was a predictor of RA. Patients at the age group (20 – 29 years) showed a significant increased mean of MIF level compared to other age groups of patients; no significant differences between MIF level and disease activity score in RA patients. In conclusion, MIF is an important biomarker for RA that may have a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Gender Identification of Embryonic Chicken in the Egg by Heart Beat Modulation Technique
Authors: Amoin Marvin P.
Published: May 2022

The main goal of this study was to use a heartbeat modulation technique to determine the sex of a chicken embryo five days after incubation and investigate the effect of weight and temperature differences on the sex of the embryo. The embryo's growth after five days of incubation helps to determine the chicken's sex. As the temperature drops, so does the beat rate. In female embryos, the decline is more gradual. Female embryos have a faster rise in heart rate and return to normal after cooling. For the observation process, 200 fertilized eggs were collected and divided into four groups, and another 200 fertilized eggs were collected and divided into four groups for the identification process. Before incubation, the weight of 50 eggs from each group was measured, and five days later, the embryonic growth of each group's embryos was calculated, and samples were collected. The separation constant, embryo weight, and temperature are the essential factors in determining the embryonic chicken's sex. The relationship between heartbeat rate, embryo weight difference, and beat rate as temperature changes can be expressed as a first-order and first-degree differential equation. An integral combination can be determined and is of the form dy + Pydx = Qdx, where P and Q are only functions of x. Using this relationship, the separation constant c is equal to the difference between the heartbeat rate and the sine function of the embryo's weight difference over the cosine function of the embryo's beat difference during cooling. During the five-day incubation period, male chicks have an average beat rate of 62 beats per minute, while females have an average beat rate of 74 beats per minute. Male embryos gain weight faster than female embryos. As the temperature drops, so does the beat rate. In female embryos, the decline is more gradual. Female embryos have a faster rise in heart rate and return to normal after cooling.
A Monochromatic Optical Analytical Study of a Stepped Refractive Index Shell Spherical Polymeric Lens
Authors: Hadi Sabah M. , Abdella Manal Midhat , Mahdi Mohamed S.
Published: May 2022

The GRIN (gradient refractive index) Luneburg lens cannot be used in visible region applications including imaging systems and in the integrated photonic lens as static concentric symmetry lenses. Furthermore, in order to obtain free monochromatic aberration, the ray must be focused on the lens's rear surface. As a result, the detector must be movable on the rear surface. Technically, this procedure is difficult. This work presented a straightforward and practical method based on the usage of a double shell gradient stepped index of symmetry concentric polymeric lens (SCPL). The obtained results revealed that the proposed lens can be used in the visible region, as well as the shifting of the focus point from the lens's rear surface. The (SCPL) lens was optically evaluated using the trigonometric ray tracing method. The evaluation was performed using a mathematical iterative method applied in MATLAB program. The iterative method was used to determine the best shell thicknesses of shelled ball lens (double shell) for constructing the (SCPL) parameters. The constructive parameters were examined using the ZEMAX optical design program for infinite conjugate conditions and monochromatic wavelength. According to the analysis results, the Sterhl ratio is greater than (0.97), and the total transverse aberration coefficients are approaching zero.
Preparation and Characteristics of (Poly Methyl Methacrylate' / Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone) Blend
Authors: Mehdi Mehdi Edan , Khaleel Asmaa Shawqy
Published: May 2022

Special attention, has been /focused on. the development: of Polymer blends' in recent, years. It is a member; of a class of materials' analogous to metal, alloys, in which at' least two polymers, are blended together to create, a new material with / different properties. In the present study, Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) / Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) blends with different weight ratios Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) widely used as and the liquid part of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer a prosthodontic denture resin, the denture materials resin should exhibit good physical and mechanical properties. In the present research, efforts are made to develop the properties of PMMA resin that used for upper and lower prosthesis complete denture, by different ratios of (0, 2%, 6%, 10%, 14%, 18%, 22%, 26%) to poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), cold cured. The blend formation has been confirmed from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), SEM, DSC - TGA and toxicity. By studying DSA and TGA, The DSC test results show that the glass transition temperature (Tg) value is equal (178) c0 and melting point between (368-372) for all concentrations of PMMA/PVP blends. Surface topography and morphology of PMMA-PVP shown by SEM. The results of the toxicological examination showed that the lowest toxicity appeared at a concentration of 78% - 22% for PMMA- PVP. The best results appear in (22%) PVP and (78%) PMMA.
Ethnopharmacolgy of Hyptis capitata
Authors: To'bungan Nelsiani , Widyarini Sitarina , Nugroho Laurentius Hartanto , Pratiwi Rarastoeti
Published: May 2022

Hyptis capitata is one of the important traditional medicinal plants, in which different parts of the plant are used in various countries in treating several diseases. This review was conducted to present a comprehensive overview of distribution, taxonomic characters, ethnobotany and the various pharmacological properties of H. capitata This review presents scientific information about pharmacological potentials of H. capitata as a medicinal ingredient and its opportunities to be developed and utilized more broadly. The literature review was carried out on both abstracts and full articles, further analyzed and included in this review. H. capitata is used to treat various diseases such as fever, digestive disorders and open wounds. The pharmacological study of H. capitata showed that this plant has the potential to be developed as an antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and anticancer. Due to being widely used by the community, further studies regarding the pharmacological potential and the safety parameters of H. capitata are needed.
Impacts of the gradient-index crystalline lens structure on its peripheral optical power profile
Authors: Li Qing , Fang Fengzhou
Published: May 2022

The crystalline lens makes an important contribution to the peripheral refraction of the human eye, which may affect the development and progression of myopia. However, little has been known about the peripheral optical features of the crystalline lens and its impacts on the peripheral ocular refraction. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the structural parameters of the crystalline lens and its peripheral power profile over a wide visual field. The peripheral power profile is defined with respect to the entrance and exit pupil centers along the chief rays. Analysis is performed by three-dimensional ray tracing through the gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens models built from measurement data. It has been found that the vergence of the wavefronts at the entrance and the exit pupil centers of the lens show an approximate linear correlation to each other for each field angle. The exponent parameters of the axial refractive index profile and the axial curvature profile, and the asphericity of the posterior lens surface are found to be the most influential parameters in the peripheral power profiles. The study also shows that there can be significantly different, sometimes unrealistic, power profiles in the homogeneous lens model compared with its corresponding GRIN model with the same external geometry. The theoretical findings on the peripheral lens properties provide a new perspective for both wide-field eye modelling and the design of intraocular lenses to achieve normal peripheral vision.
Multiphase flow, heat and mass transfer modeling during frying of potato: effect of food sample to oil ratio
Authors: Ghaderi Abdurrahman , Dehghannya Jalal , Ghanbarzadeh Babak
Published: May 2022

Sample to oil ratio (SOR) during frying of food products should be carefully determined because it substantially influences oil absorption. A novel computer simulation to model momentum, heat, and mass transfer was developed to investigate the effect of SOR (1/10, 1/15, and 1/20) on velocity, temperature, moisture, and oil distributions during frying of potato strips. The present study was intended to cover missing aspects in scientific literature dealing with potato frying modeling. In addition, one of the major contributions offered by this work regarded the possibility of major effect of SOR on healthiness of products. An increase in water vapor production at a higher SOR played a significant role in increasing oil velocity. While the SOR did not have a substantial effect on center temperature of potato strips, surface temperature decreased with an increase in SOR. The SOR affected moisture content of the corners of the specimens, whereas it did not significantly affect the center moisture. Simulation of the longitudinal section of potato center showed that oil uptake increased with increasing SOR. The decrease in oil uptake by decreasing SOR was justified by the water vapor production and crust formation. Water vapor acted as a barrier against oil diffusion and had a significant impact on stirring the oil and creating homogeneous temperatures. Overall, this study offered a proper numerical tool to control oil absorption, leading to understanding complex mechanisms during deep-fat frying of foods. It is hoped that the results of this study could head to a further step in developing an optimized deep-fat frying process.
Osteoporosis knowledge and health beliefs among middle-aged men and women in the Southern United States
Authors: Chelf Stacy , Davis Robert E. , Bass Martha A. , Ford M. Allison , Firouzabadi Ali D. , Leo Jonathan T. , Nahar Vinayak K.
Published: May 2022

Context

The most common skeletal disease, osteoporosis, causes bone fragility due to decreased bone mass and bone microarchitecture destruction. The health belief model is often applied to asymptomatic, prevention-related diseases such as osteoporosis. Steps to mitigate the insidious nature of osteoporosis, including education, motivation, and monitoring of bone mineral density, must begin at an earlier age.

Objectives

This study evaluates the knowledge and health beliefs surrounding osteoporosis in a population of males and females 35–50 years old to determine sex-based differences in osteoporosis knowledge and beliefs and to assess the correlation between perceptions and health motivation.

Methods

Participants (81 males, 92 females) completed two questionnaires: the Osteoporosis Knowledge Test and the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale. Descriptive statistics were performed along with Pearson product-moment correlation analysis to determine the relationships between the variables. Sex-based differences were calculated utilizing independent t-tests.

Results

We discovered a statistically significant negative correlation between the barriers to exercise and health motivation (−0.434, p < 0.001) and a statistically significant positive correlation between the benefits of exercise and health motivation (0.385, p < 0.001). However, there was not a statistically significant correlation between health motivation with the following: the benefits of calcium, susceptibility, and the seriousness of osteoporosis. Between males and females, there was a statistically significant difference in exercise and calcium knowledge, susceptibility, and the benefits of both exercise and calcium (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Males and females 35–50 years old perceive themselves to have a low susceptibility to osteoporosis. They do not consider osteoporosis a serious disease and have little motivation to mitigate its inception or progression. Their perceptions show that barriers to exercise impact health motivation more than the perceived benefits of exercise.
Design of membrane systems
Authors: Mitkowski Piotr Tomasz , Szaferski Waldemar , Nędzarek Arkadiusz , Sales-Cruz Mauricio
Published: May 2022

Membrane separation systems have been used in process industry since decades; however, their designs are based mainly on experienced-based and use of trial-and-error approach, especially in case of membrane selection. This chapter reviews recent advancements in the design of membrane systems used either for separation or creation of mixtures from the perspective of industry 4.0 and data management. Additionally, computer-aided design tools have been reviewed with aim of possible use in the design of membrane separation systems.
On the Invariance Result of Net Neutrality
Authors: Kim Jeong-Yoo
Published: May 2022

In an influential paper, Choi and Kim (2010) established the invariance result that given a fixed network capacity, the average waiting times are identical regardless of net neutrality. In this paper, we argue that their result relies on the assumption that the distribution for content requests per end user is the same regardless of net neutrality. However, if the distribution is determined by the underlying utility maximization problem of users, users expect the contents they request to be transmitted faster if the contents have priority, implying that the request rate for prioritized contents is higher than the request rate for unprioritized contents under net neutrality. If the content request rates per user differ across the two regimes (net neutrality vs. no net neutrality), the invariance result may not be valid. We also discuss social welfare and the investment incentive of the Internet service provider in an extended model with variable content request rates.
Managing Interfaces in Complex Systems
Authors: Watts Andrea Wagner , Ranson William
Published: May 2022

Continuity of the air and water-resistant barrier (AWB) is critically important in high-performing buildings. Achieving continuity of these barriers at interfaces of different material systems is often a challenge. It becomes more challenging when the different barriers are installed in a nontraditional order within the building envelope or when penetrations are added after the AWB has been installed. This paper looks at the design and installation of tested, durable transitions between the AWB and other systems, including considerations for the window interface when the AWB is installed outboard of the continuous insulation, when the insulation is installed behind the exterior sheathing and AWB, and when the continuous insulation is also the AWB in commercial construction. The paper also examines the effects of the AWB being in or out of plane with the windows and the effects of the sequencing of window installation, specifically what happens when the window is installed either before or after the AWB. Options to reduce the number of fastener penetrations to the AWB before cladding installation are also shown. All discussed interface details are based on results from advanced system testing using a sequence of multiple ASTM test methods for air and water penetration before and after structural and thermal conditioning. In addition to interfaces in place prior to the installation of the AWB, penetrations are often installed after the AWB. One of the most frequent penetrations is for cladding attachments such as girt systems and when continuous insulation is installed. This paper presents an overview of results from testing conducted to determine how best to attach girt systems to continuous insulation that is also performing as the AWB along with an introduction to new innovations that ensure long-term water tightness when installing continuous insulation over an AWB.
Considerations for Unitized Building Enclosure Systems: Selecting, Designing, Installing, and Testing Unitized Building Enclosure Systems
Authors: Hopps Emily R. , Burhoe Anna M.
Published: May 2022

Expediting design and construction. Maximizing performance. Advancing technology and integration. The design and construction industry is increasingly focused on meeting higher performance standards while also reducing design and construction schedules. As a result, the use of unitized or prefabricated building enclosure systems also continues to grow. These systems may streamline construction, improve quality control, and enhance performance; however, they are not necessarily appropriate for every project. These systems require more significant coordination between the design and construction teams than typical enclosure construction methods; they often rely on challenging transitions at interfaces between different enclosure systems that cannot be accessed in the future; and, once manufactured, they cannot be easily altered to adapt to unforeseen site conditions. In this article, we discuss several popular unitized facade systems, reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of each. We explore design, constructability, coordination, durability, performance, continuity, and internal and external system integration. We review the benefits and challenges of unitizing the enclosure systems. Finally, we summarize various techniques and approaches to quality control during the design, fabrication, and installation phases of prefabricated building enclosure systems.
CREB Inactivation by HDAC1/PP1γ Contributes to Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Xu Xiaoyi , He Xin , Zhang Zeyan , Chen Yanyi , Li Junyu , Ma Shanshan , Huang Qiaoying , Li Mingtao
Published: May 2022

Understanding the pathogenesis of nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration is critical for developing mechanism-based treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). In the nigral dopaminergic neurons of postmortem human PD brains, we found that CREB, a well-recognized pro-survival transcription factor in neurons, was inactivated by dephosphorylation at Ser133. CREB dephosphorylation correlated with decreased expression of NURR1, one of its target genes crucial for dopaminergic neuron survival, confirming that CREB function was impaired in nigral dopaminergic neurons in PD. An MPTP mouse model was used to further elucidate the mechanism underlying CREB dephosphorylation. Protein phosphatase 1γ (PP1γ), which dephosphorylates CREB, was constitutively associated with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). HDAC1 promotes CREB Ser133 dephosphorylation via a stable interaction with PP1γ. We found that CREB interacted with the HDAC1/PP1γ complex during dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Importantly, increased CREB/HDAC1 interaction occurred in the nigral dopaminergic neurons of PD patients as demonstrated using a proximity ligation assay. Disrupting CREB/HDAC1 interaction via either overexpression of GAL4 M1, a CREB mutant, or administration of trichostatin A, a pan-HDAC inhibitor, restored the expression levels of phospho-CREB (Ser133) and NURR1, and protected nigral dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP-treated mouse brain. Collectively, our results demonstrated that HDAC1/PP1γ-mediated CREB inactivation contributed to dopaminergic neuronal degeneration. Disruption of CREB/HDAC1 interaction has the potential to be a new approach for PD therapy.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTParkinson's disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder attributed to the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Understanding the pathogenesis of nigral dopaminergic neurodegeneration is critical for developing mechanism-based treatments for PD. We found in nigral dopaminergic neurons of postmortem human PD brains that CREB, a well-recognized pro-survival transcription factor in neurons, was inactivated by dephosphorylation at Ser133. HDAC1, constitutively associated with PP1γ, interacted with CREB to mediate its dephosphorylation during dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Disrupting CREB/HDAC1 interaction restored CREB activity and protected nigral dopaminergic neurons in the MPTP mouse brains. This work suggests that disruption of the CREB/HDAC1 interaction to restore CREB activity may be a potential therapeutic approach in PD.
In VivoMulti-Day Calcium Imaging of CA1 Hippocampus in Freely Moving Rats Reveals a High Preponderance of Place Cells with Consistent Place Fields
Authors: Wirtshafter Hannah S. , Disterhoft John F.
Published: May 2022

Calcium imaging using GCaMP indicators and miniature microscopes has been used to image cellular populations during long timescales and in different task phases, as well as to determine neuronal circuit topology and organization. Because the hippocampus (HPC) is essential for tasks of memory, spatial navigation, and learning, calcium imaging of large populations of HPC neurons can provide new insight on cell changes over time during these tasks. All reported HPCin vivocalcium imaging experiments have been done in mouse. However, rats have many behavioral and physiological experimental advantages over mice. In this paper, we present the first (to our knowledge)in vivocalcium imaging from CA1 HPC in freely moving male rats. Using the UCLA Miniscope, we demonstrate that, in rat, hundreds of cells can be visualized and held across weeks. We show that calcium events in these cells are highly correlated with periods of movement, with few calcium events occurring during periods without movement. We additionally show that an extremely large percent of cells recorded during a navigational task are place cells (77.3 ± 5.0%, surpassing the percent seen during mouse calcium imaging), and that these cells enable accurate decoding of animal position and can be held over days with consistent place fields in a consistent spatial map. A detailed protocol is included, and implications of these advancements onin vivoimaging and place field literature are discussed.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn vivocalcium imaging in freely moving animals allows the visualization of cellular activity across days. In this paper, we present the firstin vivoCa2+ recording from CA1 hippocampus (HPC) in freely moving rats. We demonstrate that hundreds of cells can be visualized and held across weeks, and that calcium activity corresponds to periods of movement. We show that a high percentage (77.3 ± 5.0%) of imaged cells are place cells, and that these place cells enable accurate decoding and can be held stably over days with little change in field location. Because the HPC is essential for many tasks involving memory, navigation, and learning, imaging of large populations of HPC neurons can shed new insight on cellular activity changes and organization.
Dopaminergic Modulation of Dynamic Emotion Perception
Authors: Schuster B. A. , Sowden S. , Rybicki A. J. , Fraser D. S. , Press C. , Holland P. , Cook J. L.
Published: May 2022

Emotion recognition abilities are fundamental to our everyday social interaction. A large number of clinical populations show impairments in this domain, with emotion recognition atypicalities being particularly prevalent among disorders exhibiting a dopamine system disruption (e.g., Parkinson's disease). Although this suggests a role for dopamine in emotion recognition, studies employing dopamine manipulation in healthy volunteers have exhibited mixed neural findings and no behavioral modulation. Interestingly, while a dependence of dopaminergic drug effects on individual baseline dopamine function has been well established in other cognitive domains, the emotion recognition literature so far has failed to account for these possible interindividual differences. The present within-subjects study therefore tested the effects of the dopamine D2 antagonist haloperidol on emotion recognition from dynamic, whole-body stimuli while accounting for interindividual differences in baseline dopamine. A total of 33 healthy male and female adults rated emotional point-light walkers (PLWs) once after ingestion of 2.5 mg haloperidol and once after placebo. To evaluate potential mechanistic pathways of the dopaminergic modulation of emotion recognition, participants also performed motoric and counting-based indices of temporal processing. Confirming our hypotheses, effects of haloperidol on emotion recognition depended on baseline dopamine function, where individuals with low baseline dopamine showed enhanced, and those with high baseline dopamine decreased emotion recognition. Drug effects on emotion recognition were related to drug effects on movement-based and explicit timing mechanisms, indicating possible mediating effects of temporal processing. Results highlight the need for future studies to account for baseline dopamine and suggest putative mechanisms underlying the dopaminergic modulation of emotion recognition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA high prevalence of emotion recognition difficulties among clinical conditions where the dopamine system is affected suggests an involvement of dopamine in emotion recognition processes. However, previous psychopharmacological studies seeking to confirm this role in healthy volunteers thus far have failed to establish whether dopamine affects emotion recognition and lack mechanistic insights. The present study uncovered effects of dopamine on emotion recognition in healthy individuals by controlling for interindividual differences in baseline dopamine function and investigated potential mechanistic pathways via which dopamine may modulate emotion recognition. Our findings suggest that dopamine may influence emotion recognition via its effects on temporal processing, providing new directions for future research on typical and atypical emotion recognition.
Perceptual Uncertainty Alternates Top-down and Bottom-up Fronto-Temporal Network Signaling during Response Inhibition
Authors: Tsumura Kaho , Shintaki Reiko , Takeda Masaki , Chikazoe Junichi , Nakahara Kiyoshi , Jimura Koji
Published: May 2022

Response inhibition is a primary executive control function that allows the withholding of inappropriate responses, and requires appropriate perception of the external environment to achieve a behavioral goal. It remains unclear, however, how response inhibition is achieved when goal-relevant information involves perceptual uncertainty. Twenty-six human participants of both sexes performed a go/no-go task where visually presented random-dot motion stimuli involved perceptual uncertainties. The right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC) was involved in response inhibition, and the middle temporal (MT) region showed greater activity when dot motions involved less uncertainty. A neocortical temporal region in the superior temporal sulcus (STS) specifically showed greater activity during response inhibition in more perceptually certain trials. In this STS region, activity was greater when response inhibition was successful than when it failed. Directional effective connectivity analysis revealed that, in more coherent trials, the MT and STS regions showed enhanced connectivity to the rIFC, whereas in less coherent trials, the signal direction was reversed. These results suggest that a reversible fronto-temporal functional network guides response inhibition and perceptual decision-making under perceptual uncertainty, and in this network, perceptual information in the MT is converted to control information in the rIFC via STS, enabling achievement of response inhibition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTResponse inhibition refers to withholding inappropriate behavior and is important for achieving goals. Often, however, decision must be made based on limited environmental evidence. We showed that successful response inhibition is guided by a neocortical temporal region that plays a hub role in converting perceived information coded in a posterior temporal region to control information coded in the PFC. Interestingly, when a perceived stimulus becomes more uncertain, the PFC supplements stimulus encoding in the temporal regions. Our results highlight fronto-temporal mechanisms of response inhibition in which conversion of stimulus-control information is regulated based on the uncertainty of environmental evidence.
Modeling tools fo rimproving energy efficiency of water drainage complexes at iron ore underground mines
Authors: Sinchuk Ihor O. , Somochkyn Albert B. , Budnikov Kyrylo V. , Somochkyna Svitlana V. , Baranovskyi Vladyslav D. , Danilin Oleksandr V.
Published: May 2022

The natural presence of water in underground mining processes creates significant difficulties and requires constant water drainage, i.e. pumping water to the day surface into special reservoirs. The so-called main drainage complexesare used for perform-ing these operations. Mine water drainage is an energy-consuming process. Therefore, the need to reduce energy intensity of water drainage complexes is a relevant task, which is so far unsolved to a level that is fully adequate. To solve the above-mentioned prob-lem on a systemic basis, it is of primary importance to assesstools of improving energy efficiency of water drainage complexes ac-cording to their efficiency levels. It is vital for further formatting the scientific search for options that possess sufficient efficiency. For such technology-intensive types of consumers as underground mines, modeling of power consumption is an effective and afford-able method of obtaining preventive results, which are close to real-life conditions. Of course, the level of adequacy of the modeling results obtained depends on compliance of input parameters of a model with real values. Such a model of the electric power system as a complex of groundwater drainage to the day surface can be used as a supporting option for modeling in order to get the required results for both developing energy-efficient control measures for drive electromechanical complexes and designing an effective struc-ture of the entire drainage complex. It is in this perspective that the research methodology is built, the results of which are outlined in the article.Modeling the levels of efficiency in the use of some modern trends in improving the operation of drainage complexes of iron ore underground production made it possible to rank them according to the levels of implementation, starting with the use of controlled electric drives and ending with the optimization of their operating modes.
The study of the properties of structural models of elements of educational environment
Authors: Gogunskii Viktor D. , Kolesnikova Kateryna V. , Kolesnikov Oleksii Ye. , Danso Janet O.
Published: May 2022

The widespread use of mathematical modeling is often constrained by the insufficient level of technological maturity and the lack of theoretical foundations to justify the effectiveness of different classes of models. One of the ways to improve educational project management systems is to solve problems of modeling the structure and trajectory of changes in the parameters of the system in education management, as a complex poorly structured organizational and technical system. To solve the problem of analysis of structural schemes of complex technical systems, which include education systems, it is proposed to use the analytical methodof determining closed cycles in complex control systems. The method is based on the use of specific properties of adjacencymatrices. It is shown that the degrees of the adjacency matrix follow the general structure of the oriented graph with certain regularities of map-ping the arcs of the graph. This allows you to create a matrix of reach of the studied topological structure with the selection of con-tours in an oriented graph. A method for identifying cycles in graphs based on the formation of the Boolean sum of degrees ofthe reach matrix with its subsequent transposition and superposition has been developed, which allows obtaininga mapping of a contour in a graph in the form of a square submatrix filled with units.
Differences in Clinical Features between Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis and Other Etiologies of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Kim Tae Il , Jeong Han Taek , Song Jeong Eun , Kim Ho Gak , Han Jimin
Published: May 2022

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to compare clinical features of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTGAP) with those of biliary acute pancreatitis (BAP) and alcoholic acute pancreatitis (AAP), respectively.Methods: Medical records of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) who were admitted to our institution from January 2014 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Disease severity and local complications were evaluated according to the 2012 Revised Atlanta Classification. Systemic complications were evaluated according to the Modified Marshall Scoring System.Results: Of the total 610 patients with AP, those with BAP, AAP, and HTGAP were 310 (50.8%), 144 (23.6%), and 17 (2.8%), respectively. Compared with BAP, HTGAP showed higher proportion of moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) (64.7% vs. 28.1%, p<0.001) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) (17.6% vs. 5.5%, p <0.001). And HTGAP showed more local complications (76.5% vs. 26.8%, p<0.001) and higher recurrence rate (52.9% vs. 6.5%, p <0.001), but there was no significant difference in systemic complications (23.5% vs. 11.6%, p =0.140). Contrarily, there was no significant difference between HTGAP and AAP with respect to disease severity (64.7% vs. 63.9% in MSAP and 17.6% vs. 6.9% in SAP, p =0.181), local complications (76.5% vs. 67.4%, p =0.445), recurrence rate (52.9% vs. 32.6%, p =0.096), and systemic complications (23.5% vs. 11.5%, p =0.233).Conclusions: HTGAP showed higher disease severity, more local complications, and higher recurrence rate than BAP. However, there was no significant difference in clinical features between HTGAP and BAP.
Using the “Sociocultural Identity of Russia” Category in Teaching Humanities to Pedagogical Universities Students
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Ivonina Olga Ivanovna
Published: May 2022

Problem and Aim. The article actualizes the problem of using the category of Russia’s socio-cultural identity in the process of teaching humanitarian disciplines to students studying at pedagogical universities. The purpose of the article is to present the effectiveness of using this category for the formation of social, pedagogical and professional competencies of bachelor, master and postgraduate students. Tracing the reflection of this category in the works of Russian thinkers, focused on the issues of civilizational identity, historical paths and destinies of Russia, the teacher contributes to the realization the educational potential of the domestic humanities, which contributes to the establishment traditional values in the Russian youth national self-consciousness. Methodology. An interactive dialogue with participants in the educational process (lectures, laboratory classes, special courses, special seminars and webinars, research presentations) made it possible to determine the degree to which students master the methods of comparative and retrospective historiography, functional and civilizational approaches inherent in research in the subject area of intellectual history, as well as methodology and philosophy of history. In conclusion, it is concluded that the use of the category of socio-cultural identity of Russia as an interdisciplinary one in its discursive status allows students of pedagogical universities to form competencies in several areas of modern historical education (professional, educational, pedagogical, research) at once.
Formats of Pedagogical Support of Teachers in the Digital Educational Environment
Authors:   Saratov State University, Alexsandrova Ekaterina Alexsandrovna
Published: May 2022

The author presents the result of the research on formats of interaction with students in the situation of self-isolation as well as the relevant content of teacher’s support and pedagogical support provided by a higher school teacher. It is shown that the situation in education caused by the pandemic in the spring of 2020 has led to the necessary revision of the traditional forms of pedagogical activity such as lectures and seminars. The traditional forms and methods of interaction with students have become almost impossible to use. The article provides a detailed description of the transfer of educational process in higher school to the remote work format. It also describes the author’s pedagogical findings and gives specific examples of tasks for students. The study has proved that the transfer of learning process to the remote work format is efficacious when realized in accordance with the following stages of teacher’s support and pedagogical support of students: creating a sensation of stability of existence in the educational process; forming positive emotional background in the classroom; actualizing the evolutionary processes of transition to the adoption of digital education; minimizing the risks caused by a lack of direct contact with students; forming an ability to obtain profit from the situation to self-determination and self-development. The author presents the content of each stage and shows how these stages are pedagogically provided due to the primary trial to transfer traditional types of classes to a digital educational system, due to the formation of new formats of interaction between teachers and students and living through it as well as in the process and as a result of the search for pedagogical opportunities to organize the procedure of midterm and end-of-course assessment as a situation of personal and professional self-determination in the problem. It is proved that a combination of live broadcast on Zoom with the following submission of completed tasks for teacher’s review in the system Ipsilon Uni has turned out to be the best possible format of classes for students.
Directions Selection for Assessing the Quality of Electronic Learning Tools for the Organization of the Educational Process of the Higher Educational Process
Authors:   Federal Research Center “Informatics and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bosov Alexey Vyacheslavovich , Martyushova Yanina Germanovn ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (State Technical University), Naumov Andrey Viktorovich ,   Moscow Aviation Institute (State Technical University)
Published: May 2022

The article deals with issues related to the assessment of the quality of e-learning tools (ELT), its design and application in practice. The main attention is paid to the issue of assessing the availability of certain functional capabilities in the ELT, which make it possible to most effectively solve didactic tasks, as well as to motivate teachers and students. The purpose of the article is to identify the main directions for assessing the quality of electronic learning tools and to substantiate the possibility of a comprehensive assessment of the level of functionality of the ELT. Methodology. ELT as a complex information object is decomposed into simpler elements, to which various quality assessment methodologies can be applied - expert, cognitive-linguistic, methods of statistical information processing and artificial intelligence. In conclusion, it is concluded that the assessment of the quality of e-learning tools can be carried out in two ways: the assessment of content as a text in terms of the completeness of the content with the definition of a number of parameters of this assessment and the assessment of “functionality” in terms of the possibility of implementing certain functions. The totality of the selected areas, indicating the assessment tools, will determine the criteria for the quality of e-learning tools.
A Future Coach-Teacher’s Pedagogical Model of Economic and Legal Responsibility Formation
Authors:   Ural State University of Physical Culture, Mikhailov Semen Aleksandrovich
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the problem of a future coach-teacher’s economic and legal responsibility formation, which has acquired particular relevance in modern market conditions. It is noted that a graduate of a sports university should have comprehensive training, one of the directions of which is the formation of skills to solve issues of economic and legal interaction in the field of physical culture and sports. This, in turn, implies a high degree of personal responsibility and conviction in the implementation of professional activities, including economic, on a legal basis. The aim of the research is: to develop and substantiate a pedagogical model for students’ economic and legal responsibility formation. Methodology and methods. The research is based on the pedagogical aspect of responsibility; axiological and integrative-developmental approaches. Analysis, synthesis, systematization and generalization of psychological and pedagogical literature, modeling method were used as the main methods. Research results. A pedagogical model of the future coach-teacher economic and legal responsibility formation has been developed, the structural and functional elements of which are interrelated blocks: target, conceptual, substantive-procedural and performance-evaluation. Conclusion. Designed on the basis of the axiological and integrative-developmental approaches principles, the pedagogical model is aimed at forming a high level of students’ economic and legal responsibility. Its meaning-making element is the economic and legal values identified in the research. The effectiveness of the model is provided by pedagogical conditions, technological and methodological aspects of the implementation of which are revealed through a variety of forms, value-oriented and problematic educational technologies, interactive teaching methods contributing to the individualization of the educational process and increase the students’ motivation to achieve a high level of economic and legal responsibility.
Human Intelligence and Consciousness
Authors:   Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Teregulov Filarit Sharifovich
Published: May 2022

From recognition of the unity (similarity) of all types of the matter motions it follows that at the level of a human it manifests in living activities. Logically, that this basic activity of human state of mind and consciousness development should possess some structure, manifesting it. In this connection proposed by the author intelligence organ of each human being, evolutionary appearing and intravitally developing and operating, starts showing fundamental nature of a human and society in common. Thereby it sets general methodological regularity of people daily living activities.
Use of a Neurometabolism-Targeting Drug in Prevention of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Kovalenko A. L. , Nagibovich O. A. , Vishnevsky A. Yu. , Belekhov G. A. , Gubaidullin R. R. , Popov D. V. , Agafiina A. S.
Published: May 2022

Aim of the study: to evaluate the feasibility of preventing cognitive dysfunction after long-term surgery in elderly patients using an original neurometabolic succinate-containing drug.   Material and methods. A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial enrolled 200 patients aged 60–80 years who underwent elective cardiac or orthopedic surgery. The patients received either the study drug (inosine + nicotinamide + riboflavin + succinate) (treatment group, n = 101) or a placebo (control group, n = 99) intravenously for 7 days then orally for 25 days. Efficacy was assessed by the change in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) score at the end of the treatment course compared with the preoperative level.   Results. Before surgery, the total MoCA score values did not differ between the groups. By the end of the treatment course (31 days after surgery), the MoCA total score was 26.4 ± 1.96 in the main group and 25.0 ± 2.83in the control group (P < 0.001). The intergroup difference in the mean change in the MoCA total score on day 31 was 1.56 points (95 % CI 1.015; 2.113; P < 0.0001) favoring the study drug in all randomized population. The lower limit of CI (1.015) exceeded the limit of superiority set by the protocol (0.97 points), which allowed acceptance of the hypothesis of superiority of the study drug over placebo with respect to the primary efficacy criterion. No significant differences in the frequency of adverse events were found between the groups.   Conclusion. The succinate-containing study drug demonstrated an acceptable safety profile and helped to reduce the severity of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients who underwent a major surgery, which allows recommending the drug for prevention of postoperative cognitive impairment in high-risk patients.