bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Small Agricultural Producer’s Taxation by Creating Innovative-Integrated Structures
Authors: KONONENKO LESIA V. , ATAMAS OLEXANDER P. , NAZAROVA HALYNA B. , SELISHCHEVA YELYZAVETA V. , KONONENKO SERHII O.
Published: November 2022

Issues of tax optimisation of business entities have always been in the centre of attention of taxpayers. Solving this issue requires strong human, technical, and other types of support. There are substantial features of the functioning of small-scale agricultural producers, which make it difficult to optimise their taxation. Presently, it is possible to solve this issue by creating innovative and integrated structures. The purpose of this study was to substantiate the feasibility of creating innovative and integrated structures in the agro-industrial complex, which should lead to optimisation of taxation of Ukrainian small-scale agricultural producers. Both general scientific and special research methods were used in the preparation of this study, namely: logical generalisation – for theoretical justification of the need to create innovative and integrated structures to optimise the functioning of small-scale agricultural producers; mathematical and system analysis – to justify the feasibility of creating integrated structures to optimise the taxation of small-scale agricultural producers, etc. The study of the theoretical foundations and practices of taxation of Ukrainian small-scale agricultural producers allowed substantiating the feasibility of creating innovative and integrated structures in the agricultural sector of the economy. It was found that in the structure of agricultural enterprises, the largest share belongs to small enterprises that, according to the specifics of their activities, are geographically remote from the centres of civilisation (labour market, tax services, internet resources, etc.) and do not have the opportunity to have highly qualified employees in their staff. It was proved that it is possible to optimise the taxation of small-scale agricultural producers by creating innovative and integrated structures. It is proposed to create integration structures by involving small-scale agricultural producers and employees of advisory services in accounting and analytical work. Delegating complex and variable tasks to a highly qualified specialist would substantially optimise the tax policy of an agricultural enterprise. Further research should be carried out towards developing a mechanism for optimising the functioning of agricultural producers in the context of the development of digital technologies.
Sickness Rate of Service Dogs in Cynological Centers of Ukraine
Authors: SUPROVYCH TETIANA M. , SUPROVYCH MYKOLA P. , LIGHTER-MOSKALYUK SVITLANA V. , TRACH VYACHESLA V. , TOKARCHUK TETIANA S.
Published: November 2022

Service dogs are an important asset of law enforcement agencies. Therefore, understanding their medical problems, knowing general characteristics such as numbers, age, breed, gender, and purpose is crucial to maintaining their health and readiness to perform complex tasks. Analysis and dissemination of such information is an urgent task for specialists and scientists dealing with the problems of keeping, providing, and veterinary care for service dogs. The purpose of this study was to analyse the results of statistical reports on the incidence of service dogs from 24 regional canine centres of law enforcement agencies of Ukraine. In total, data on 822 service dogs and records of 839 cases of diseases were considered. Data on the number, age, gender, and direction of use of service dogs were also analysed. It was found that internal non-contagious ailments were identified among the diseases. Most of the problems were with the gastrointestinal tract: dyspepsia, alimentary enteritis, and gastritis. It was found that among the diseases of the visual and hearing organs, otitis media and cataracts were most often detected. Traumatic injuries accounted for 16.7% of all records, most of which were classified as wounds. It was found that every seventh disease was related to the skin. Among them, two diseases had a considerable predominance: dermatitis and eczema. Another group was detected with a frequency of more than 5% – parasitic diseases, of which babesiosis was the most common. The study also found that one in twenty animals had diseases of the musculoskeletal system, of which arthritis and hip dysplasia were mainly found. Statistical calculations have shown heterogeneity in the distribution density of dogs, both in relation to the population and the area of the region. Chernivtsi Oblast had the best density indicators, and Zhytomyr Oblast had the lowest. Among service dogs, females have an advantage – sexual differentiation was 1/1.15. An even distribution of the number of service dogs by age was found, ranging from 2 to 7 years, with a weighted average age of 4.9 years. The most common breeds were: German and Belgian shepherds, as well as Labrador. Special and search dogs prevailed for their intended purpose. The practical value of this study lies in the fact that certain patterns of morbidity of service dogs provide an opportunity to change the strategy of their selection, training, and treatment to use this valuable resource more effectively.
Physical activity and mental health problems in people older than 55 years old
Authors: Muñoz Pampín Laura , Moreno Nadales Inmaculada
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Due to an increasing prevalence of mental disorders among the population, many health programs have been developed to deal with this problem. These programs include physical activity in their guidelines, because of the extensive evidence that shows its importance in psychological well-being. The main objective of our study is to analyze the influence of physical exercise on the development of mental health problems in people older than 55 years old, because eld is considered a critical phase in terms of the changes that occur. Methodology: A cross-sectional study has been carried out to analyze the association between physical activity and the development of mental disorders, as well as its relationship with other variables, based on the data provided by the European Health Survey (Spain, 2020). Results: Between the results obtained in the sample, it was found with a significant difference, that being a woman, a sedentary lifestyle, having primary education or no studies, as well as obesity and tobacco consumption behaved as risk factors. The practice of physical activity and having higher education were protective factors against development of mental disorders. Conclusions: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for the development of mental health disorders. However, psychological well-being depends on multiple factors that may act jointly, so it is necessary to analyze the influence of other variables in this association.
The Role of Communication Satisfaction in the Relationship between Leader-Member Exchange and Teachers’ Affective Commitment
Authors: Usadolo Sam , Usadolo Queen , Edigin Joseph
Published: November 2022

In this research, the effect of leader-member exchange (LMX) on teachers’ affective commitment is examined using communication satisfaction as an intervening variable. Using a quantitative research method, data was collected with a cross-sectional survey. A regression analysis indicates that LMX has a significant effect on affective commitment of teachers in the five vocational colleges examined in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Further analysis showed that communication satisfaction (relational and informational communication satisfaction) partially mediated the influence of LMX (represented in this study as programme managers) on teachers’ affective commitment. The findings are consistent with previous studies about the influence of workplace relationships on teachers’ behaviors, especially supervisor-subordinate relationships. The implications of these findings are explained.
cological and geographical testing of lentils in the conditions of the steppe of the Russian Federation
Authors: Zaitsev Sergey , Kondakov Konstantin , Volkov Dmitriy , Bashinskaya Oksana , Ptashnik Olga , Mironov Igor
Published: November 2022

The article presents the results of an ecological study of lentil varieties in the steppe conditions of the Lower Volga region and the Republic of Crimea. The study revealed the yield of lentil varieties at various test points. Evaluation of variety in terms of adaptability made it possible to distribute them into the following groups: 1 - extensive forms with very low phenotypic stability (Orlovskaya red); 2 - forms with high phenotypic stability (Octave, Delta, Hope, Ruby, Light, Rauza, Aida, Eastern); 3 - intensive form with reduced phenotypic stability (Danae); 4 - intensive form with low phenotypic stability (Piquant). Keywords: LENTIL, VARIETY, YIELD, SEEDS, SELECTION
PUBLIC EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: JUSTIFICATION OF KEYNES HYPOTHESIS USING NIGERIAN DATA
Authors: Obi, Callistar Kidochukwu  , Iyoha, Milton A.  , Egbon, Peter Chukwuyem
Published: November 2022

Keynes advocated for an increase in the size of government spending, as the surest and easiest way an economy can overcome recession. Government spending is an exogenous variable and should be used as a policy tool or instrument for growth.This study attempts to test this postulation made by Keynes on public expenditure being an exogenous variable in the growth-public expenditure model, and as a growth driver, ascertaining its applicability to the Nigerian situation. Secondary Data was sourced and analyzed using a Vector Error Correction Model. Pre-estimation test was done to determine the stationarity and co-integration status of the variables. The VEC result showed that there is a no long run causality between government expenditure and economy growth, thus refuting the applicability of this Keynesian hypothesis in Nigeria. However, the short run test for causality affirmed that capital expenditure caused growth in the short run while recurrent expenditure does not cause growth in both the long and short-run. The study concluded that Keynes postulation of public expenditure being used as a tool for economic growth is not justified for Nigeria in the long-run but can be accepted in the short-run. It was therefore recommended that for the economy to experience rising growth over time which would spur them into economic development, government must increase the participation level of the private sector, and reduce its participation in economic activities to the barest minimum. Government should also channel its expenditure into ensuring peace and security of lives and properties, and provision of public goods.

Keywords: Growth Driver; Keynes hypothesis; Nigeria; Public spending; Vector Error Correction Model.
WORKPLACE BULLYING AND OCCUPATIONAL STRESS IN MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN SOUTHEAST NIGERIA
Authors: Nosike Chukwunoso , Onyekwelu Njideka Phina , Nwosu Chike
Published: November 2022

This study examined the effect of workplace bullying and occupational stress in manufacturing firms in southeast Nigeria as the broad objective with a specific objective and a hypothesis accompanying it. Person-Environment (P-E) Fit Theory was used in anchoring the work. A survey research design was adopted by the study. The population of the study consisted of 798 employees of 25 manufacturing firms from the five southeastern states in Nigeria. A sample size of 259 was gotten by the application of Krejcie and Morgan's 1970 sample size formula. The method of data collection was primary, with a structured questionnaire being the instrument and was tested for reliability and validity.  The data collected were analyzed using correlation analysis and the hypothesis was tested at a 5% level of significance. Results revealed that there is a statistically significant relationship between work-related bullying and occupational stress among workers in manufacturing firms in southeast Nigeria (r = 918, P-value < 0.05). The study, therefore, concluded that workplace bullying has a relationship with occupational stress. Hence, it was recommended that the management of the manufacturing firms should know the threshold of employees' tolerance, so as not to push them to the extent of the employee seeing it as bullying, and therefore, make them more stressed.
Keywords: Workplace Bullying, Work-Related Bullying, Stress, Occupation Stress, Manufacturing Firms and Southeast Nigeria.
Evaluation and bias correction of probabilistic volcanic ash forecasts
Authors: Crawford Alice , Chai Tianfeng , Wang Binyu , Ring Allison , Stunder Barbara , Loughner Christopher P. , Pavolonis Michael , Sieglaff Justin
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Satellite retrievals of column mass loading of volcanic ash are incorporated into the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion modeling system for source determination, bias correction, and forecast verification of probabilistic ash forecasts of a short eruption of Bezymianny in Kamchatka. The probabilistic forecasts are generated with a dispersion model ensemble created by driving HYSPLIT with 31 members of the NOAA global ensemble forecast system (GEFS). An inversion algorithm is used for source determination. A bias correction procedure called cumulative distribution function (CDF) matching is used to very effectively reduce bias. Evaluation is performed with rank histograms, reliability diagrams, fractions skill score, and precision recall curves.
Particular attention is paid to forecasting the end of life of the ash cloud when only small areas are still detectable in satellite imagery.
We find indications that the simulated dispersion of the ash cloud does not represent the observed dispersion well, resulting in difficulty simulating the observed evolution of the ash cloud area. This can be ameliorated with the bias correction procedure. Individual model runs struggle to capture the exact placement and shape of the small areas of ash left near the end of the clouds lifetime. The ensemble tends to be overconfident but does capture the range of possibilities of ash cloud placement. Probabilistic forecasts such as ensemble-relative frequency of exceedance and agreement in percentile levels are suited to strategies in which areas with certain concentrations or column mass loadings of ash need to be avoided with a chosen amount of confidence.
Effects of Arctic ozone on the stratospheric spring onset and its surface impact
Authors: Friedel Marina , Chiodo Gabriel , Stenke Andrea , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Peter Thomas
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Ozone in the Arctic stratosphere is subject to large interannual variability, driven by both chemical ozone depletion and dynamical variability. Anomalies in Arctic stratospheric ozone become particularly important in spring, when returning sunlight allows them to alter stratospheric temperatures via shortwave heating, thus modifying atmospheric dynamics. At the same time, the stratospheric circulation undergoes a transition in spring with the final stratospheric warming (FSW), which marks the end of winter. A causal link between stratospheric ozone anomalies and FSWs is plausible and might increase the predictability of stratospheric and tropospheric responses on sub-seasonal to seasonal timescales. However, it remains to be fully understood how ozone influences the timing and evolution of the springtime vortex breakdown. Here, we contrast results from chemistry climate models with and without interactive ozone chemistry to quantify the impact of ozone anomalies on the timing of the FSW and its effects on surface climate. We find that ozone feedbacks increase the variability in the timing of the FSW, especially in the lower stratosphere. In ozone-deficient springs, a persistent strong polar vortex and a delayed FSW in the lower stratosphere are partly due to the lack of heating by ozone in that region. High-ozone anomalies, on the other hand, result in additional shortwave heating in the lower stratosphere, where the FSW therefore occurs earlier. We further show that FSWs in high-ozone springs are predominantly followed by a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) with positive sea level pressure anomalies over the Arctic and cold anomalies over Eurasia and Europe. These conditions are to a significant extent (at least 50 %) driven by ozone. In contrast, FSWs in low-ozone springs are not associated with a discernible surface climate response. These results highlight the importance of ozone–circulation coupling in the climate system and the potential value of interactive ozone chemistry for sub-seasonal to seasonal predictability.
Measurement report: Characterization of sugars and amino acids in atmospheric fine particulates and their relationship to local primary sources
Authors: Zhu Ren-Guo , Xiao Hua-Yun , Cheng Liqin , Zhu Huixiao , Xiao Hongwei , Gong Yunyun
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Sugars and amino acids are major classes of organic components in
atmospheric fine particles and play important roles in atmospheric
processes. However, the identification of their sources in different regions is explored little. To characterize local primary sources (biomass burning, plant, and soil sources) and evaluate their contributions to the total sugar compound and amino acid (AA) pool in different regions, fine particulate matter samples were collected from the urban, rural, and forest areas in Nanchang, China. The concentrations and compositions of sugar compounds (anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols), free amino acids (FAAs), and combined amino acids (CAAs) were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after silylation derivatization. Urban areas had significantly higher average Σ sugar concentration (317±139 ng m−3) than that of the rural (181±72 ng m−3) and forest (275±154 ng m−3) areas (p<0.05). Overall, the distribution pattern of sugar compounds and CAAs in PM2.5 was generally similar in three areas. Levoglucosan accounted for 24.4 %, 22.0 %, and 21.7 %, respectively, of the total sugar pool in the urban, rural, and forest areas. This suggests that plant and soil sources, as well as biomass burning (BB), provide important contributions to aerosol sugars and CAAs in three areas. In the urban area, the concentrations of anhydrosugars showed a positive correlation with combined Gly concentrations, but no correlation was found between these two compounds in the rural and forest areas, indicating that the urban area is mainly affected by local combustion sources. This conclusion was also supported by the positive correlation between levoglucosan and non-sea-salt potassium, only observed in the urban area (Lev=0.07 K++37.7,r=0.6,p<0.05). In addition,
the average levoglucosan / mannosan (L/M) ratio in the urban area (59.9) was much higher than in the rural (6.9) and forest areas (7.2),
implying BB aerosols collected in the urban area originated from lignite
burning, while the type of biofuels used in the rural and forest areas is
mainly softwood. The concentrations of sugar alcohols in the rural and
forest areas were positively correlated with that of CAAs, which are
abundant in the topsoil (r=0.53∼0.62,p<0.05),
suggesting that the contribution of local topsoil sources is large in these
two areas. In the rural and forest areas, the concentrations of primary
sugars were positively correlated with those of combined CAA species abundant in local dominant vegetation. Our findings suggest that combining specific sugar tracers and chemical profiles of CAAs in local emission sources can provide insight into primary source characteristics, including the types of biofuels burned, the contribution of topsoil sources, and local vegetation types.
On the development of a new prototype PTR-ToF-MS instrument and its application to the detection of atmospheric amines
Authors: Håland Alexander , Mikoviny Tomáš , Syse Elisabeth Emilie , Wisthaler Armin
Published: November 2022

Abstract. We herein report on the development of a new prototype
PTR-ToF-MS (proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry) instrument that combines a hollow cathode glow discharge (HCGD)
ion source with a focusing ion–molecule reactor (FIMR), which consists of a
resistive glass drift tube surrounded by quadrupole rods. The new instrument
configuration hybridizes the two main current commercial PTR-ToF-MS
instrument designs. We provide a detailed technical description of the new
analyzer and its optimized operational settings for detecting volatile
amines via proton transfer reactions from hydronium (H3O+) or
ammonium (NH4+) ions. We show that the new prototype PTR-ToF-MS
instrument is capable of monitoring rapid changes of sticky amines on the
timescale of a few seconds and detects atmospheric variations of amines down
to single-digit parts per trillion by volume (pptv) levels. Application examples given include the
real-time monitoring of (i) methylamine emitted from a Chenopodium vulvaria L. plant, (ii) small
alkylamines in ambient air on site of an agricultural research center
(Senter for husdyrforsøk, Ås, Norway), and (iii) an industrial amine
(2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol, AMP) on site and downwind of a carbon dioxide
(CO2) capture test center (Technology Centre Mongstad – TCM, Mongstad,
Norway).
Multi-instrument observations of polar cap patches and traveling ionospheric disturbances generated by solar wind Alfvén waves coupling to the dayside magnetosphere
Authors: Prikryl Paul , Gillies Robert G. , Themens David R. , Weygand James M. , Thomas Evan G. , Chakraborty Shibaji
Published: November 2022

Abstract. During minor to moderate geomagnetic storms, caused by corotating
interaction regions (CIRs) at the leading edge of high-speed streams (HSSs), solar wind
Alfvén waves modulated the magnetic reconnection at the dayside
magnetopause. The Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radars (RISR-C and
RISR-N), measuring plasma parameters in the cusp and polar cap, observed
ionospheric signatures of flux transfer events (FTEs) that resulted in the
formation of polar cap patches. The patches were observed as they moved over the RISR, and the Canadian High-Arctic Ionospheric Network (CHAIN)
ionosondes and GPS receivers. The coupling process modulated the ionospheric convection and the intensity of ionospheric currents, including the auroral electrojets. The horizontal equivalent ionospheric currents (EICs) are estimated from ground-based magnetometer data using an inversion technique. Pulses of ionospheric currents that are a source of Joule heating in the lower thermosphere launched atmospheric gravity waves, causing traveling
ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) that propagated equatorward. The TIDs were
observed in the SuperDual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) high-frequency (HF) radar ground
scatter and the detrended total electron content (TEC) measured by globally
distributed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers.
Potential of TROPOMI for understanding spatio-temporal variations in surface NO2 and their dependencies upon land use over the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Petetin Hervé , Guevara Marc , Compernolle Steven , Bowdalo Dene , Bretonnière Pierre-Antoine , Enciso Santiago , Jorba Oriol , Lopez Franco , Soret Albert , Pérez García-Pando Carlos
Published: November 2022

Abstract. In orbit since late 2017, the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) is offering new outstanding opportunities for better understanding the emission and fate of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution in the troposphere. In this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the spatio-temporal variability of TROPOMI NO2 tropospheric columns (TrC-NO2) over the Iberian Peninsula during 2018–2021 (considering the TrC-NO2 PAL product recently developed using a single TROPOMI processor version, thus ensuring consistency over the time period). We complement our analysis with estimates of NOx anthropogenic and natural soil emissions. Closely related to cloud cover, the data availability of TROPOMI observations ranges from 30–45 % during April and November to 70–80 % during summertime, with strong variations between northern and southern Spain. Strongest TrC-NO2 hotspots are located over Madrid and Barcelona, while TrC-NO2 enhancements are also observed along international maritime routes close the strait of Gibraltar, and to a lesser extent along specific major highways. TROPOMI TrC-NO2 appear reasonably well correlated with collocated surface NO2 mixing ratios, with correlations around 0.7–0.8 depending on the averaging time. We investigate the changes of weekly and monthly variability of TROPOMI TrC-NO2 depending on the urban cover fraction. Weekly profiles show a reduction of TrC-NO2 during the weekend ranging from -10 to -40 % from least to most urbanized areas, in reasonable agreement with surface NO2. In the largest agglomerations like Madrid or Barcelona, this weekend effect peaks not in the city center but in specific suburban areas/cities, suggesting a larger relative contribution of commuting to total NOx anthropogenic emissions. The TROPOMI TrC-NO2 monthly variability also strongly varies with the level of urbanisation, with monthly differences relative to annual mean ranging from -40 % in summer to +60 % in winter in the most urbanized areas, and from -10 to +20 % in the least urbanized areas. When focusing on agricultural areas, TROPOMI observations depict an enhancement in June–July that could come from natural soil NO emissions. Some specific analysis in Madrid show that the relatively sharp NO2 minimum used to occur in August (drop of road transport during holidays) has now evolved into a much broader minimum partly de-coupled from the observed local road traffic counting; this change started in 2018, thus before the COVID-19 outbreak. All in all, our study illustrates the strong potential of TROPOMI TrC-NO2 observations for complementing the existing surface NO2 monitoring stations, especially in the poorly covered rural and maritime areas where NOx can play a key role, notably for the production of tropospheric O3.
Probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis for the north Tabriz fault
Authors: Hosseini Mohamadreza , Rahimi Habib
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The probabilistic fault displacement hazard analysis is one of the
newest methods of estimating the amount of probabilistic displacement in
fault surface rupture areas. Considering the strike-slip mechanism of the
north Tabriz fault, Iran, using the earthquake method and historical earthquakes in 1721 and 1780, the surface displacement of the north Tabriz fault has been investigated, and the probabilistic displacement in different scenarios has been estimated. The north Tabriz fault's 50–60 km long section was selected as the source of possible surface rupture from its historical data. Two scenarios were considered according to probabilistic displacements, return periods, and magnitudes according to paleoseismic studies of the north Tabriz fault. For both scenarios, the probabilistic displacements for the exceedance rate of 5 % in 50, 475, and 2475 years for the probabilistic principle displacements (on the fault) of the north Tabriz fault have been estimated.
PERCEPTION AND ASSESSMENT BY KAZAKH HISTORIANS OF THE MOST SIGNIFICANT HISTORICAL PERSONS IN KAZAKHSTAN (BY THE RESULTS OF SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEYS)
Authors:   Institute of History of the State CS MES RK, Jumagaliyev D.A. , Arynova Z.K.
Published: November 2022

The article studies the issues of perception and evaluation by domestic historians of the most significant personalities in the history of Kazakhstan. The work is based on the study of the results of sociological surveys of questionnaires among specialists on various issues of the history of Kazakhstan. This study is part of a project organized in order to develop a concept for the formation of modern historical science in Kazakhstan. The customer of the study was the Institute of History and Ethnology named after Ch. Valikhanov, and the executor of the project is a special working group of employees of the Institute of State History of the KN MES RK. The study was carried out by obtaining respondents' answers to the questions of a special questionnaire, the main purpose of which was to study the state of historical science in Kazakhstan. Based on the data obtained, an analysis is made of the opinions of specialists from the cities of republican significance Nur-Sultan and Almaty on historical figures who played the most positive role in the history of Kazakhstan.
Bibliometric Analysis of Literature in the Field of Surgical Gastroenterology during 2010-2019
Authors: Ramakrishnan J. , Ravi Sankar G. , Thavamani K.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of literature in the field of Surgical Gastroenterology in MEDLINE data which are covered in PubMed during the study period i.e., from the year 2010 to 2019. It is observed that a total of 12917 records covered in the field of Surgical Gastroenterology. The maximum number of 2168 records was published in the year 2019. It is also observed that 51.63% of records are journal articles and 97.86% of records were in the English language. The United States has contributed the highest number of 4938 records in the study period. The Relative Growth Rate (RGR) has decreased, and the Doubling Time (Dt) has increased in the study period which reveals that the literature in the field of Surgical Gastroenterology is growing year after year. Indian efforts in Surgical Gastroenterology research are greater in 6 years out of 10 years of the study period. A total of 144 journals are identified as core journals in the field of Surgical Gastroenterology.
Morinda lucida and Annona muricata reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation and promoted melatonin/TNFα/p53-mediated apoptosis in sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in rats
Authors: Akinlolu Adelaja , Oyewopo Adeoye , Kadir Risikat , Ameen Mubarak , Owoniyi Victor , Adam Fauzeeyah , Okeleye Shukrat
Published: November 2022

Arsenic-induced carcinogenesis can result in cancers of the liver in exposed organisms. This study evaluated anticancer potentials of MLF1 and AMF1 extracted from Morinda lucida and Annona muicata leaves respectively in Sodium arsenite (SA)-induced toxicity in rats. Sixty adult female rats were randomly divided into 12 groups (n = 5). Group 1 was control. Group 2 received 5-weeks administrations of 10 mg/kg bodyweight of SA. Groups 3-6 received SA-dose for 2 weeks followed by 3-weeks posttreatments with MLF1-doses and AMF1-doses respectively. Groups 7-10 received only 5-weeks administrations of MLF1-doses and AMF1- doses respectively. Groups 11 and 12 received 5-weeks co-administrations of SA-dose with highdoses of MLF1 and AMF1 respectively. Drugs/ extracts were administered orally. Liver histopathology (Heamatoxylin and Eosin) and ELISA concentrations of sera Melatonin and TNF-alpha were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (thiobarbituricacid assay) and p53 (ELISA) levels were evaluated in liver homogenates. Data were statistically analysed. Results showed normal liver histology in Groups 1-12. Post-treatments of SA-induced toxicity with MLF1 and AMF1 resulted in significant (P≤0.05) and non-significant decreased levels (P≥0.05) of Malondialdehyde, TNF-alpha and p53, but significant (P≤0.05) and non-significant increased Melatonin levels (P≥0.05) in Groups 3-12 compared with Group 2. MLF1 and AMF1 possess anticancer, antioxidant, pro-Melatonin, anti-inflammatory and hepato-protective potentials.
Microstructural evidence of reversal of PCOS by steroidal saponins of asparagus racemosus in PCOS induced rats
Authors: Vani M , Gopalan DH , Manikandan S , Vijayakumar V , Swathi Priyadarshini C
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the histological and hormonal observations in fructose-fed, letrozole-induced polycysticovarian- syndrome (PCOS) rats treated with various doses of extract of asparagus racemosus (EAR) and Steroidal saponin (SAPO). 48 female Wistar albino rats were divided into 8 groups, including Vehicle Control (VC); PCOS; EAR 400 mg/kg; SAPO 40 mg/kg; PCOS + EAR 200 mg/kg; PCOS + EAR 400 mg/kg; PCOS + SAPO 20 mg/ kg; PCOS + SAPO 40 mg/kg. PCOS group was administered letrozole at a concentration of 1 mg/kg dissolved in 1% CMC per oral(p.o.) once daily for 28 days. Along with these, rats were allowed free access of 10% fructose solution daily. Calculated dosages of EAR and SAPO were given with oral gavage for 30 days. During experimental period, vaginal smears were collected daily for estrus cycle determination. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for hormonal assay. Ovaries were removed to proceed with histopathological study. Slides were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains. When compared to the vehicle control group, PCOS ovaries had a higher incidence of ovarian cysts, incomplete luteinization, and a lower number of corpus lutea. Although serum estradiol, progesterone, and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were lower in the PCOS group, testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were higher. The findings of this study indicated that taking EAR 400 mg/kg and SAPO 40mg/kg orally could alleviate PCOS-related symptoms. It appears that consuming SAPO 40mg/kg reduces LH and testosterone levels while increasing FSH, estrogen, and progesterone hormone levels. Because of the hormonal balancing nature of these drugs, EAR 400mg/kg- and SAPO 40mg/ kg-treated rats had a lower number of cystic follicles and a higher number of corpora lutea. In PCOS rats, this results in a normal process of folliculogenesis and ovulation. In the current study, we observed that SAPO 40mg/kg is better compared to EAR 400mg/kg treatment.
A cross sectional study on the online teaching strategies of gross anatomy and histology during the COVID-19 pandemic periods
Authors: Paul A Divia , R Gaikwad Manisha , Das Ranajit
Published: November 2022

The subsequent implementation of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has forced universities to keep the students away from the institutions. The aim of the study was to conduct a survey through medical colleges among anatomy teachers along with an exploration of optimization of the transitions which can assist to improve the quality of online teaching. The objectives were to identify the virtual learning interventions implemented by different medical colleges in India during Covid-19 pandemic periods, and to identify suitable technological intervention for teaching anatomy from the educator’s point of view. A cross sectional study was conducted by convenience sampling method. A differential rating scale questionnaire study was conducted. A hundred participants from the department of anatomy of 100 medical colleges with a minimum of 3 years of experience in teaching in the field were the samples. Faculty other than anatomy department of medical colleges was excluded. Consents were taken from each participant and participant information was shared by email. The teachers were from both from Government and from Private Institutions. For most teachers, the biggest difficulty in implementing online teaching during the initial year of online teaching at 2020 was the unstable online teaching environments, platforms and tools (47%), followed by their unfamiliarity with online teaching techniques, platforms and tools (26%). Further, 17% had problems due to insufficient training and management of online teaching from college. This study assists to improve the design and quality of online teaching by suggesting for the change in infrastructure by arranging online portal handson coaching for rendering online education.
Does provision of supplementary food to grey partridges Perdix perdix help their over-winter survival on upland hill farms in northern England?
Authors: Warren Philip , Hornby Tom , Baines David
Published: November 2022

Grey partridge populations in the UK have declined dramatically since 1970. These birds are mainly associated with lowland cereal farms, but they are also found on marginal hill farms in northern England where they frequent rough grasslands created by low-intensity sheep farming. Here, important populations remain, but the availability of winter food, particularly in years with prolonged snow appears a major limiting factor. To investigate whether food shortages in winter limit grey partridge survival, we experimentally tested whether we could improve their survival by increasing the provision of supplementary food within five study plots, each paired with a control, over two consecutive winters. Grey partridges found and used feeding stations, with discovery time on average 12 days earlier in the second winter. The frequency of hopper use also increased on four of the five fed plots in the second winter. We found no differences in an index of over-winter survival nor subsequent breeding success in relation to the feeding treatment. However, the study coincided with two mild winters with little snow and the provision of supplementary food may be more important in more severe winters with prolonged snow cover. Grey partridges readily used feed hoppers and we recommend their provision to provide emergency food sources in severe winter weather whilst longer-term land-use based solutions are sought.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PRODUKSI PADA INDUSTRI JASA REPARASI DAN PEMASANGAN MESIN DAN PERALATAN DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Gultom Sartono F.
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisis Pengaruh serta melakukan analiis Efisiensi dan Derajat Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja dan Modal Terhadap Nilai Produksi pada Industri Jasa Reparasi dan Pemasangan Mesin dan Peralatan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Metode penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian eksplanasi (explanatory research) menggunakan data sekunder, berupa : Data Nilai Produksi, Tenaga Kerja dan Modal Pada Industri Jasa Reparasi dan Pemasangan Mesin dan Peralatan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah selama tahun 2010-2019. Temuan penelitian ini diperoleh hasil analisis yang dapat disimpulkan yaitu Penggunaan Tenaga Kerja secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Produksi dan Modal secara parsial dan simultan Tenaga Kerja dan Modal berpengaruh singnifikan terhadap Nilai Produksi Industri Jasa Reparasi dan Pemasangan Mesin dan Peralatan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Efisiensi proses produksi secara keseluruhan bersifat Efisien. Sedangkan Intensitas penggunaan Tenaga Kerja dan Modal bersifat Capital Intensif (lebih banyak menggunakan Modal dibanding Tenaga Kerja), dan Derajat penggunaan input bersifat : Increasing Returns to Scale (IRS).
The Effect of Implementation of ISAK 35, Internal Control System, Medical Infrastructure and Competency of Structural Officers on the Quality of Financial Reports in General Hospital in Deli Serdang Regency with Organizational Commitment as Moderator
Authors: Andira Ayu , Yahya Idhar , Erwin Keulana
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of the implementation of ISAK 35, internal control system, medical infrastructure and competence of structural officials on the quality of the financial statements of the General Hospital in Deli Serdang Regency. In addition, this study also aims to determine whether organizational commitment can be used as a moderating variable in this research model.
This research is a type of causal associative research. The samples of this study were respondents from 26 General Hospitals in Deli Serdang Regency. Data collection techniques carried out in this study used documentation and observation techniques. Meanwhile, the analytical technique used in this study uses structural equation analysis (SEM).
The results obtained in this study indicate that the implementation of ISAK 35, the internal control system and the competence of structural officers have a positive and significant influence on the quality of the financial statements of the General Hospital in Deli Serdang Regency. Meanwhile, medical infrastructure does not affect the quality of financial reports. The other results of this study indicate that organizational commitment can moderate the influence of the internal control system and the competence of structural officials on the quality of the financial statements of the General Hospital in Deli Serdang Regency.

Keywords: ISAK 35 implementation, internal control system, medical infrastructure, structural officer competence, organizational commitment and quality of financial reports.
The Effect of the Relative Rationality on the Economic Decision-Making. The Impact of the Emotional Adjusted Value on the Expected Value and Expected Utility
Authors: Toro Massimiliano di
Published: November 2022

The goal of the research is to study the human behaviour in decision making and test if the decisions are made through “relative rationality”. The relative rationality’s idea of the research is to incorporate emotion within the decision-making process to calculate what the researcher has named “Emotional Adjusted Value” equation (“EAV”), to integrate the “emotional revenues and emotional cost” with the traditional economic revenues and cost. The sum of all EAV multiplied with the probability of the event give the “Emotional Adjusted Expected Value”. The researcher has developed a flowchart to “price” the emotion in economic value, this allows to calculate the monetary subjective value of the emotion with the goal to figure out the “true” subjective value of the choice considering both economic and emotional factors. The researcher has elaborated the Emotional Adjusted Expected Utility ’s idea, where the standard subjective utility of the payoff is replaced by the utility of “Emotional Adjusted Value” and multiplied by the subjective probability to get more accurate subjective utility value considering both emotional and economic factors under decision making process.

Keywords: relative rationality, human behaviour in decision making, subjective emotional revenues, subjective emotional cost, emotional adjusted value, emotional adjusted expected value, emotional adjusted expected utility, behavioural economics, choice under uncertainty, role and effects of psychological, emotional, social factors on decision making.
Asymmetric Volatility Bias and Loss Aversion in Investment Decision-Making
Authors: di Toro Massimiliano
Published: November 2022

The goal of the research is to investigate if the investor considers the volatility as asymmetric. The researcher as called this behaviour asymmetric volatility bias, because in the mind of the investor the volatility is associated only to the risk, without consider the potential benefit of the volatility during an upward trending market. The research aims to investigate if the asymmetric volatility bias is a confirmation of the existence of the loss aversion bias.

Keywords: Asymmetric volatility bias, volatility, loss aversion, prospect theory.
Effective Precepting of Nursing and Midwifery Students in the Clinical Setting: Role of Educators and Clinicians
Authors: U.A. Farouk , I.O. Maduakolam , C.O. Agnes
Published: November 2022

This paper aims to discuss the roles of Educators and Clinicians in effective precepting of Nursing and Midwifery Students in the Clinical Setting. It aids both experienced and new preceptors to become more effective teachers in the delivery of their roles to students, interns and newly employed nurses while maintaining the standard of Nursing & Midwifery clinical area. The paper discussed vast literature surrounding the phenomena of preceptorship in nursing. The paper enlightens the concept of establishing an effective preceptorship, teaching strategies for effective preceptorships, challenges confronting precepting’s, roles and responsibilities of educators and clinicians’ receptors and benefits of effective precepting. Recommendations made in the paper are; Strengthening preceptorship in providing theoretical and practical knowledge to the nursing students, each student nurse should have a formally assigned preceptor that is responsible for the academic growth of that student, preceptor can use various teaching strategies for effective student’s clinical practice, nursing leaders and administrators should put on more effort in improving precepting activities in hospitals and institutions, professional organisations should give more support to precepting in nursing for professional development.
Health-Promoting Lifestyle and its Determinants among University Students in Mogadishu, Somalia
Authors: S.H. Mohamed , Ş.Z. Altunkurek , H.H. Eker , K. Ozcoban , F. Hacimustafaoglu , İ.A. Abdi
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to determine the healthy lifestyle behaviors of students at a university in Mogadishu, Somalia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 347 university students >16 in Mogadishu, Somalia, from October to December 2020. The data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II) Scale throughout that period. Demographic characteristics and health- promoting lifestyle were evaluated. T-test, Anova, post hoc (Tukey, LSD) and multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analyses. The healthy lifestyle behavior point averages of the students were found to be at a medium level (125.8±24.60). A significant difference was found in the total mean HPLP-II scores by gender, age, diagnosis of health problems, and exercise habits (p<0.05). The data showed significant associations among some subscales of the HPLP-II, gender, age, education level of mother, income status and have a chronic health problem, while participating in sporting activities was found to be statistically significant with all subscales of the HPLP-II (p < 0.05). Students’ lifestyle behaviors were found to be moderately healthy. Intervention studies are needed to support Somali students in making healthy lifestyle choices and improve their health promotion attitudes.
Effect of COVID-19 on Educational System in Nigeria
Authors: A. S. Olayiwola , O.A. Oladimeji , A. Fadare , G.O. Egbedokun , J.A. Ajobo
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Covid-19 on education system in Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was used for the study and 3 research questions were developed for the study as well. The sample for the study comprised of 400 students in Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, using stratified random sampling to obtain the sample for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the data, which was analyzed with frequency distribution, percentages, bar-charts, relative importance index (RII) and proportional odds logistic model. The result indicates that covid-19 have effect on education system in Nigeria, majority of the respondents agreed that covid-19 will affect the academic calendar of all institution in Nigeria, and that it will also leads to suspension of lectures and examinations. The result also shows that 91% of the respondents agree that there is a negative impact of cocid-19 on education in Nigeria. The research also indicates the ways to control the spread of covid-19 in Nigeria. Its concluded that there should be public awareness to contain the spread of covid-19 across every states in Nigeria and also that institutions and government should make provisions for facemask and sanitizer so as to control the spread of covid-19 in Nigeria.