bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rumo a Avaliação do Ethereum e do Hyperlegder Fabric com Dados Heterogêneos
Authors: Spengler Ana Caroline Fernandes , de Souza Paulo Sérgio Lopes
Published: August 2021

Blockchain nasceu com o surgimento do Bitcoin, apresentando-se como uma infraestrutura para o armazenamento distribuído de transações financeiras com garantia de imutabilidade. Pelas suas características, o blockchain passou a ser utilizado por outras aplicações que podem se beneficiar dessa infraestrutura. Essas aplicações apresentam demandas distintas daquelas focadas em transações financeiras, como manipulação de diferentes tipos de dados e privacidade das informações. O objetivo deste projeto em andamento é verificar o desempenho do blockchain quando utilizado aplicações que demandam dados heterogêneos.
South Africa, Apartheid and the Olympic Games
Authors: Hangebrauck Jan
Published: August 2021

South Africa was part of the Olympic Movement for more than two decades after apartheid had been officially introduced in 1948. In 1964 South Africa was excluded from the sporting event for the first time, and in 1970 it was formally expelled from the Olympic Movement. It had to wait until 1992 for its return when South Africa participated in the Olympic Games in Barcelona and won two medals. In the first part, this article describes South Africa’s development to exclusion and then back to its return by examining reasons for the late expulsion from, and re-entry to, the Olympic family. The next part looks at reactions of the governments and national sports federations (NFs) of Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to South Africa’s exclusion and its return against the backdrop of the Cold War. This paper further analyses the general attitudes of those actors towards apartheid (in sports). The conclusion points out the implications of South Africa’s sporting isolation and additional research gaps.
Real Madrid: “Franco’s Club” or “Ambassador of Spain”?
Authors: Rieck Julian
Published: August 2021

Some observers consider the team to be “Franco’s club” while others consider it as an “Ambassador of Spain”. This paper argues that both attributions were closely intertwined. To demonstrate this, in the first section the analysis delves into the Spanish nation-state and describes how the centre-periphery cleavage determined Francoist nationalism. The second section then sheds light on the ways in which Real Madrid’s identity shifted between monarchist, aristocratic, bourgeois and republican throughout the first half of the 20th century and yet always remained a fundamentally Spanish one. The focus here lies on the 1950s and early 1960s, when Real Madrid became the most successful football club in the world, and one of the most respected Spanish entities abroad. Thirdly, in order to achieve a more differentiated picture of the club’s own identity and self-perception (how the club perceived itself), for one, and external perceptions of it (how the club was perceived by others) for another, four groups or places, which comprise the entity Real Madrid, are analysed in greater detail: (1) club functionaries, (2) the players, (3) club outsiders, the press and politicians in particular, and finally (4) spectators especially those who tend to assign a certain significance to the club. Particularly notable was the behaviour of the functionaries who voluntarily carried out tasks on behalf of the Spanish government. Thus, the article cautions against the widespread assumption that sport is unilaterally instrumentalised by politics and calls for always viewing the role of a football club in context of dictatorship in relation to other clubs and institutions.
Planung im Untergrund
Authors: Herrfurth Alexander
Published: August 2021

On the land surface, the familiar and proven instruments of spatial planning and sectoral planning law are used to steer the settlement of projects. The recognizable densification of use of the geological subsurface will lead to the application of planning law instruments as a basis for setting priorities for its use as well.

The study examines whether the instruments of sectoral law applicable to the approval of underground projects are capable of balancing the diverse demands on space. Since interdisciplinary planning is fundamentally the responsibility of spatial planning, it will be examined to what extent the subsurface can already be effectively controlled at the level of spatial planning.
The Role of Ultra-Radical Surgery in the Management of Advanced Ovarian Cancer: State or Art
Authors: Elena Buruiana Felicia , Ismail Lamiese , Ferrari Federico , Soleymani Majd Hooman
Published: August 2021

The ovarian cancer, also known as “silent killer”, has remained the most lethal gynaecological malignancy. The single independent risk factor linked with improved survival is maximum cytoreductive effort resulting in no macroscopic residual disease. This could be gained through ultra-radical surgery which demands tackling significant tumour burden in pelvis, lower and upper abdomen which usually constitutes bowel resection, liver mobilisation, ancillary cholecystectomy, extensive peritonectomy, diaphragmatic resection, splenectomy, resection of enlarged pelvic, paraaortic, and rarely cardio-phrenic lymph nodes in order to achieve optimal debulking. The above can be achieved through a holistic approach to patient’s care, meticulous patient selection, and full engagement of the family. The decision needs to be carefully balanced after obtaining an informed consent, and an appreciation of the impact of such surgery on the quality of life against the survival benefit. This chapter will describe the complexity and surgical challenges in the management of advanced ovarian cancer.
Effusive Badi Silicic Volcano (Central Afar, Ethiopian Rift); Sparse Evidence for Pyroclastic Rocks
Authors: Ayalew Dereje , Pyle David , Ferguson David
Published: August 2021

We report field observation, textural description (thin section and scanning electron microscope (SEM)) and mineral chemistry (backscattered electron imaging and dispersive X-ray analysis) for rhyolitic obsidian lavas from previously under described effusive Badi volcano, central Afar within the Ethiopian rift. These rhyolitic obsidian lavas are compositionally homogeneous and contain well developed flow bands. Textural analysis is undertaken to understand the formation of flow band, and to draw inferences on the mechanism of emplacement of this silicic volcano. Flow band arises from variable vesicularity (i.e., alternating domains of vesicular, light glass and non-vesicular, brown glass). Such textural heterogeneities have been developed during distinct cooling and degassing of the melt in the conduit.
Transformation of Drug Discovery towards Artificial Intelligence: An in Silico Approach
Authors: Srivastava Ruby
Published: August 2021

Computational methods play a key role in the design of therapeutically important molecules for modern drug development. With these “in silico” approaches, machines are learning and offering solutions to some of the most complex drug related problems and has well positioned them as a next frontier for potential breakthrough in drug discovery. Machine learning (ML) methods are used to predict compounds with pharmacological activity, specific pharmacodynamic and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) properties to evaluate the drugs and their various applications. Modern artificial intelligence (AI) has the capacity to significantly enhance the role of computational methodology in drug discovery. Use of AI in drug discovery and development, drug repurposing, improving pharmaceutical productivity, and clinical trials will certainly reduce the human workload as well as achieving targets in a short period of time. This chapter elaborates the crosstalk between the machine learning techniques, computational tools and the future of AI in the pharmaceutical industry.
Analysis of Ground Water from Selected Sources in Jalingo Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Ezekeil Bwadi Benjamin , Bakoji Yusuf Mohammed , Abdullahi Ibrahim , Yakubu Giwa Clement , Audu Grace
Published: August 2021

Water is very significant in the development of a stable community, but many societies are confronted with the challenges of poor wastes management system with indiscriminate waste disposal and bad land practices, which easily pollute water sources and consequently degrade water quality. This study was to analyze the physicochemical properties of ground water from multiple point sources in Jalingo, Taraba state of Nigeria. Water samples were collected from twenty seven (27) sites from the study area during the raining and dry seasons. The analysis was carried out to determining the physico-chemical properties of the ground water and comparing with the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water. The physicochemical properties of ground water analyzed include; odor, taste, temperature and electrical conductivity were tested in the field using water meter tester. Whereas pH, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, hardness, salinity, iron, manganese, fluoride, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, sulphate and dissolved oxygen were analyzed in the laboratory using Wagtech potable water testing equipment. The physical properties of water analyzed were temperature, odor, taste, and turbidity. Whereas the chemical properties of water analyzed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), alkalinity, hardness, salinity, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), fluoride (F−), nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−), Chloride (Cl−), sulphate (SO42−), dissolved oxygen (DO).The result shows the range of the mean values of the temperature(26.7–33.1) oC, p H(6.5–8.9), Fe (0.01–0.08 mg/L), NO3−(0.01–38.5 mg/l), NO2−(0.01–0.09 mg/l), Mn (0.01–0.17 mg/l), F(0.01–0.82 mg/l), alkalinity(39-204 mg/l), salinity (42-508 mg/l), SO4(14-93 mg/l), total dissolved solids (6–637) mg/l, turbidity(0.4–10.6 mg/l), hardness(48-187 mg/l), and fecal coliforms(1–4)fcu/100mi, dissolved oxygen(1.1–6.87)mg/l, EC(10.99–1066)ohm/cm, Cl (10-320 mg/l). All except alkalinity and hardness are within the WHO permissible standards of quality drinking water. The highest alkalinity (204 mg/l), hardness (187 mg/l) and low dissolved oxygen (6.87 mg/l) attributed to the high concentration of dissolved salts and basic cations in the water. The methodology applied in the study was effective in analyzing the physicochemical properties of water in the study area. Therefore, it was recommended that there should be frequent water source testing by stakeholder in water resources with the view to treating the water. Policy maker should also enforce the regulation of the use of chemical fertilizers, agro-chemicals and the indiscriminate waste disposal.
The Emerging Field Trends Erosion-Free Electric Hall Thrusters Systems
Authors: Litovko Iryna , Goncharov Alexey , Dobrovolskyi Andrew , Naiko Iryna
Published: August 2021

The Hall-type accelerator with closed Hall current and open (that is unbounded by metal or dielectric) walls was proposed and considered both theoretically and experimentally. The novelty of this accelerator is the use of a virtual parallel surface of the anode and the cathode due to the principle of equipotentialization of magnetic field lines, which allows to avoid sputtering of the cathode surface and preserve the dynamics of accelerated ions. The formation of the actual traction beam should be due to the acceleration of ions with the accumulated positive bulk charge. A two-dimensional hybrid model in cylindrical coordinates is created in the framework of which the possibility of creation a positive space charge at the system axes is shown. It is shown that the ions flow from the hump of electrical potential can lead to the creation of a powerful ion flow, which moves along the symmetry axis in both sides from the center.
Medical Hegemony and Healthcare: Centrality in Healthcare
Authors: Takayama Makoto
Published: August 2021

Better human healthcare is achieved by increasing the fair use and accessibility of medical information. While this optimism is believed, real-world healthcare can be severely affected by the knowledge and context shared in the healthcare industry and academia. Through the sharing process, the central perception gains consensus in the industry and academic societies and standardized therapies are unified and spread quickly. In this way, mainstreamers’ contexts quickly become standardized. Consequently, the mainstream has hegemony and can be strengthened. Mainstreamers neglect any information different from standardized knowledge and therapy. It is universally known that hegemony stabilize its position by undermining the fair use and accessibility of information. The use of patterned knowledge facilitates the utility of medical information. Smart ICT seems to realize the smart use of medical information in our daily lives as well as professional exercises. The method to eliminate such evils and realize true healthcare is required. The fair use and accessibility contribute to the utility of medical knowledge to end-users. The effect and influence of the commons of information are shown as a solution to eliminating adverse events caused by the hegemonic mainstream. As the most effective means in the coming digital healthcare era, this paper shows the following three points. (1) Allow commons of information to enable fair use and search of information. (2) The commons of information release the cognitive bias set by the measure. (3) By creating such a new theory, we will develop a new field called healthcare digital management and/or healthcare digital economics.
An Overview of Oil Palm Cultivation via Tissue Culture Technique
Authors: Khadijah A. Karim Siti
Published: August 2021

During the last three decades, plant cell, tissue, and organ culture have developed rapidly and become a major biotechnology tool in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and industry. Many problems in conventional breeding techniques were solved via tissue culture techniques. Plant tissue culture technique permits the growing plants in test tube or closed container in vitro under controlled environment. This technique is devoted to solve two problems: 1) To keep the plant cells free from microbes. 2) To grow the desired plants by providing suitable nutrient medium and other environmental conditions. In this chapter, a review around plant tissue culture techniques that have been reported on oil palm breeding programme will be discussed. It is including the laboratory techniques, advantages and disadvantages of the technique, the problems to produce good and prolific oil palm tissue culture clones and mitigation measures that have been reported to overcome the problems. As a conclusion, this chapter reviews tissue culture techniques that could be used to propagate oil palm clones.
The Light Struck Taste of Wines
Authors: María Mislata Ana , Puxeu Miquel , Mestres Monserrat , Ferrer-Gallego Raúl
Published: August 2021

The light-struck taste (LST) of wine is a defect that mainly occurs in bottled wines exposed to light. Factors that influence the onset of the LST in wines were reported. The effect of grapes and wine composition, the alcoholic fermentation process, the yeast strains used and the conditions of yeast nutrition were included. The external factors, such as bottle color, time and nature to light exposure and type of closure were considered. Finally, the analysis of the main molecules related to this default (sulfur volatile compounds and their amino acids and riboflavin precursors) and possible prevention measurements were also exposed.
Fighting COVID-19: The Medical Laboratory Involvement
Authors: M. Uchejeso Obeta , I. Rinpan Jwanse , E. Chongs Mantu , O. Ekpere-Ezeugwu Maureen
Published: August 2021

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) virus has infected many people across the globe. The health system particularly medical laboratory has been overwhelmed by the pandemic, and many health professionals including medical laboratory professionals have lost their lives during the fight against the virus. Medical laboratory science is the bedrock of medical practice and the role of medical laboratory science in containing the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be overemphasized as they are also behind the testing of clinical specimens from infected and any recovered patients. As disease detectives, Medical laboratory scientists and other medical laboratory professionals’ role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic include; diagnosis, monitoring, development of vaccines, testing protocols, testing kits, offering advice to the guide government policy on containment of the virus.: Various methods and techniques such as virological cell culture, genomic sequencing, amplification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) /gene Xpert systems, immunological testing, biosensors and rapid diagnostic techniques (RDTs) have been employed towards discovery, testing and epidemiology since the onset of COVID-19. The medical laboratory workers and other health workers are so visible at the COVID-19 frontline and are being recognized and applauded for the role played in the recovery of patients affected with the virus. The medical laboratory component is very germane in the COVID-19 vaccine research and vaccination so as to provide pre- and post-vaccination laboratory data.
As mulheres do açaí: um estudo de caso acerca do trabalho feminino na Ilha de Guajará de Baixo, Cametá (PA)
Authors: Rodrigues Renato Dos Prazeres , Medeiros Monique , Benjamin Aldrin Mário Da Silva
Published: August 2021

Dentre as diversas atividades desempenhadas pelas mulheres ribeirinhas em Cametá, Pará, é na produção do açaí que elas concentram grande parte da força de trabalho para a formação da renda familiar. Entretanto, esse trabalho feminino, a muitos olhares alheios, ainda é visto apenas como uma ajuda. Compreendendo a problemática atrelada à invisibilização do papel das mulheres nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as atividades praticadas pelas mulheres da Ilha Guajará de Baixo, tanto no âmbito reprodutivo quanto produtivo, com principal atenção àquelas relacionadas ao açaí. Para a efetivação deste trabalho, foram realizadas, em maio de 2018 e julho de 2021, entrevistas semiestruturadas com 28 mulheres. Como resultado da pesquisa, identificou-se que essas mulheres possuem papel relevante não somente no cuidado da família, no âmbito doméstico, como também no desenvolvimento de atividades produtivas voltadas, sobretudo, ao açaí.
On poetic emotiology in poetry and beyond
Authors: Sinelnikova Lara N. , Selezneva Larisa V.
Published: August 2021

The article presents material supporting the thesis about the discourse register of emo­tions in their movement from poetic communications to non-poetic ones. The subjects of the description are emotives — linguistic signs of emotions. The part of the article that deals with poetry interprets emotives in multiple aspects: in the aspect of the grammar of poetic language and in their figurative representation. Within the frames of such grammatical categories as the imperative and subjunctive moods, emotives acquire typologically significant cognitive and semantic characteristics: a drive to display emotions, desire and the unattainability of the desired. The semantic features of emotives are revealed in the structures of the 'inner speech': in interrogative structures and pseudo-dialogical reflexions. The figurative representation of emotions is realised through conceptual metaphors, which bestow upon emotions new charac­teristics correlating to personal mental images of the emotional world. The linguistic means of representing emotions are closely linked to the features of the social period, to existential de­mands and to the state of public consciousness. The part of the article that is related to non-poetic communication interprets such links based on the examples of PR and advertising dis­courses. The particular "poetic" use of language is, of course, most obvious in poetry, but a broad understanding of the poetic function allows us to speak of the "poetic in the non-poetic". In the segment of the article related to non-poetical communication, linguistic repre­sentations of emotions and techniques for creating "referential illusions" are considered on the example of PR-discourse and advertising discourse. Attention is focused on discursive transformations associated with the formation of a mythological world in which its own spe­cial laws operate. In both discourse types, orientation towards results correlates with orienta­tion towards the message itself.
Weather Variability and Instability in Agricultural Production: Evidence from Odisha
Authors: Das Manoj Kumar
Published: August 2021

This study focused on exploring the weather variability induced instability in agriculture in the Odisha, India. In this study, growth and instability in ten major crops are analysed, followed by a depiction of weather variability in Odisha and then the association between weather variability and instability in selected crops are analysed using regression analysis. It is observed that weather variability is a major concern in the state of Odisha. In the context of agrarian economy of Odisha, the dimensions, magnitude and erratic nature of the weather variability and extreme weather events have made the situation more complex. Wide variations are observed in the rainfall both across time and space in the state. The long term average rainfall is indicating a declining trend. The weather variability has produced profound negative effects on agricultural production and yields in the state, causing agricultural fluctuations and has been a serious threat to the agrarian economy. Empirical findings lend credence to the negative effects of weather variability on agricultural yield and the regression analyses of yield instability on weather variability have only reaffirmed the same. The negative effects of weather variability on crop yield leads to a clear policy implication of proper provisioning of irrigation and weather variability resistance crop for increasing the crop yields and reduce the crop yield instability.
Optoelectronic Properties of Low‐Bandgap Halide Perovskites for Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Dey Krishanu , Roose Bart , Stranks Samuel D.
Published: August 2021

Riding on the coat tails of rapid developments in single‐junction halide perovskite solar cells, all‐perovskite multijunction solar cells have recently garnered significant attention, with the highest power‐conversion efficiency already reaching 25.6%. Much of this progress has been fueled by the rapid rise in the photovoltaic performance of low‐bandgap halide perovskite absorbers, materials, which, to date, have only been achievable by the partial or complete substitution of lead with tin. However, much room still exists to develop a more critical understanding of key material properties in these low‐bandgap perovskites. Herein, the key optoelectronic properties of absorption, carrier generation, recombination, and transport in these tin‐containing perovskites are discussed, showing that intrinsic doping distinctively impacts many of these properties, thereby rendering this class of halide perovskites unique within the family. Current understanding of the mechanisms that degrade optoelectronic performance in these materials and the corresponding devices are also summarized. These collective results highlight an important interplay between doping, defects, and degradation that will need to be controlled. Finally, the current gaps in understanding of these low‐bandgap perovskites are outlined, thereby providing guidelines for further research, which will unlock their full potential for realizing a plethora of high‐performance optoelectronic devices.
Fossil evidence for Paleocene diversification of Araceae: Bognerospadix gen. nov. and Orontiophyllum grandifolium comb. nov.
Authors: Stockey Ruth A. , Hoffman Georgia L. , Rothwell Gar W.
Published: August 2021

Premise

Nearly 200 araceous leaves and two spadices have been identified among Paleocene fossils from the Blindman River locality near Blackfalds, Alberta, Canada. Although not found in attachment, these probably represent parts of the same extinct plant species.

Methods

Specimens were studied using light microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses using a morphological matrix of living and fossil Araceae were performed using TNT version 1.5 to help establish relationships of the fossil leaves and spadices within Araceae and to each other.

Results

Leaves are simple with a broad petiole, entire margin, and elliptic to ovate or oblong blade with an acute to slightly rounded apex. A multi‐veined midrib extends into the basal region of the blade. Parallelodromous primary veins of two orders diverge at acute angles, converging with a submarginal vein or at the apex. Transverse veins are opposite percurrent, producing rectangular to polygonal areoles. Higher‐order veins are mixed opposite/alternate. Spadices are cylindrical, with helically arranged, bisexual, perigoniate flowers, each with six free tepals and a protruding style. Fruits are trilocular, with axile placentation and one seed per locule.

Conclusions

Leaves are assignable to the fossil genus Orontiophyllum J. Kvaček & S.Y. Sm. as O. grandifolium comb. nov. Spadices are described as Bognerospadix speirsiae gen. et sp. nov. Leaves and spadices each conform to an early‐diverging lineage of Araceae, increasing the known diversity of Proto‐Araceae (viz., subfamilies Gymnostachydoideae and Orontioideae). Together, they provide strong evidence for extinct Proto‐Araceae with novel combinations of characters shortly after the Cretaceous‐Paleogene floral transition.
Indium‐mediated allylation of carbonyl compounds in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: González‐Gallardo Nerea , Saavedra Beatriz , Guillena Gabriela , Ramón Diego J.
Published: August 2021

This study describes, for the first time, the in situ generation of indium organometallic reagents in environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The allylation process of different carbonyl compounds is achieved mediated by indium metal and using cheap allyl chloride derivatives. The unique DES properties allow to perform the reaction at room temperature and under air, obtaining yields ranging from 45% to 99%. It is possible to recycle the reaction medium for at least four consecutive cycles without much decrease of the observed results. Also, a linear correlation between the yield of the reaction and the density of the DESs is observed.
Curing behavior, mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy‐CeO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Yuan Zhi‐gang , Al Hassan Mohamadou , Wang Zhi‐cheng , Wang Jun‐yi , Wang Jun , Derradji Mehdi , Liu Wen‐bin
Published: August 2021

Nanoparticles have been widely used in the improvement of the mechanical and thermal properties of the epoxy matrix. In this study, the room temperature curing agent composed of acrylic acid and 2,4,6‐trimethyl‐m‐phenylenediamine was mixed with different concentrations of CeO2 nanoparticles into the epoxy resin (E51) to obtain a nanocomposite that can be rapidly molded and cured. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the curing behavior of nanocomposites and E51 with the synthesized hardener. Through tensile, flexural, and impact tests, the influence of the nanoparticles content on the mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared composites was discussed. The results showed that the curing process was completed in 4 h. An increase of 78.4% in tensile strength, 81.7% in flexural strength, and 122.0% in elongation were obtained for the cured nanocomposite having 5 wt% CeO2 loading compared to the neat resin. Thermogravimetric analysis result showed that the thermal stability increased with increasing of CeO2 nanofillers content. Finally, the scanning electron microscope revealed the fracture surface morphology of the composites.
Insight into the Morphology‐Dependent Catalytic Performance of CuO/CeO2 Produced by Tannic Acid for Efficient Hydrogenation of 4‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Ye Junqing , Wang Shuaijun , Li Gen , He Bin , Chen Xinyan , Cui Yuandong , Zhao Wanting , Sun Jian
Published: August 2021

The construction of a heterogeneous nanocatalyst with outstanding catalytic performance via an environmentally benign and cost‐effective synthetic category has long been one of the challenges in nanotechnology. Herein, we synthesized highly efficient and low‐cost mesoporous morphology‐dependent CuO/CeO2‐Rods and CuO/CeO2‐Cubes catalysts by employing a green and multifunctional polyphenolic compound (tannic acid) as the stabilizer and chelating agent for 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) reduction reaction. The CuO/CeO2‐Rods exhibited excellent performance, of which the activity was 3.2 times higher than that of CuO/CeO2‐Cubes. This can be connected with the higher density of oxygen vacancy on CeO2‐Rods (110) than CeO2‐Cubes (100), the oxygen vacancy favors anchoring CuO species on the CeO2 support, which promotes the strong interaction between finely dispersed CuO and CeO2‐Rods at the interfacial positions and facilitates the electron transfer from BH4− to 4‐NP. The synergistic catalytic mechanism illustrated that 4‐NP molecules preferentially adsorbed on the CeO2, while H2 from BH4− dissociated over CuO to form highly active H* species, contributing to achieving efficient hydrogenation of 4‐NP. This study is expected to shed light on designing and synthesizing cost‐effective and high‐performance nanocatalysts through a greener synthetic method for the areas of catalysis, nanomaterial science and engineering, and chemical synthesis.
The accuracy of hospital discharge data in recording major congenital anomalies in Australia
Authors: Schneuer Francisco J. , Lain Samantha J. , Bell Jane C. , Goldsmith Shona , McIntyre Sarah , Nassar Natasha
Published: August 2021

Background

There has been increasing use of hospital discharge data to identify congenital anomalies, with limited information about the accuracy of these data.

Objectives

To evaluate the accuracy of hospital discharge data in ascertaining major congenital anomalies in infants.

Methods

All liveborn infants with major congenital anomalies born between 2004 and 2009 in New South Wales, Australia were included. They were separated into two study groups: (a) infants identified from the Register of Congenital Conditions with a corresponding record in linked hospital discharge data; and (b) infants with a recorded congenital anomaly in hospital data, but without a register record. For the first group, we assessed agreement (concordant diagnoses) and the proportion of anomalies with discrepant diagnoses in each dataset. For the second group, we determined the number of anomalies recorded only in hospital data and applied specific conditions restricting to those recorded in the birth admission, excluding nonspecific diagnoses, or those with relevant surgical procedures to minimize potential false positives or over‐reporting.

Results

The first study group included 9,346 infants with an average 84% agreement in the ascertainment of major anomalies between hospital and registry data, and >93% agreement for cardiac, abdominal wall, and gastrointestinal anomalies. Discrepant diagnoses occurred on average in 20% of cases from hospital data and 17% from registry data, and were slightly reduced with the use of diagnoses recorded only in tertiary pediatric hospitals. The second group included 25,893 infants where anomalies were only recorded in hospital data, most commonly skin and unspecified anomalies. Excluding unspecified cases, those only diagnosed at the birth admission and restricting to surgical procedures reduced over‐reporting by up to 96%.

Conclusions

Hospital discharge data provide an acceptable means to ascertain congenital anomalies, but with variable accuracy for different anomalies. Application of specific conditions and limited to surgical procedures improves the utility of using hospital discharge data to ascertain congenital anomalies.
Key radioresistance regulation models and marker genes identified by integrated transcriptome analysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Sun Zhuang , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Jingyun , Wang Jing , Liu Xiao , Huang Runda , Chen Chunyan , Deng Meiling , Wang Hanyu , Han Fei
Published: August 2021

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy that is endemic to China and Southeast Asia. Radiotherapy is the usual treatment, however, radioresistance remains a major reason for failure. This study aimed to find key radioresistance regulation models and marker genes of NPC and clarify the mechanism of NPC radioresistance by RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of the differences in gene expression profiles between radioresistant and radiosensitive NPC tissues. A total of 21 NPC biopsy specimens with different radiosensitivity were analyzed by RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed genes in RNA sequencing data were identified using R software. The differentially expressed gene data derived from RNA sequencing as well as prior knowledge in the form of pathway databases were integrated to find sub‐networks of related genes. The data of RNA sequencing with the GSE48501 data from the GEO database were combined to further search for more reliable genes associated with radioresistance of NPC. Survival analyses using the Kaplan–Meier method based on the expression of the genes were conducted to facilitate the understanding of the clinical significance of the differentially expressed genes. RT‐qPCR was performed to validate the expression levels of the differentially expressed genes. We identified 1182 differentially expressed genes between radioresistant and radiosensitive NPC tissue samples. Compared to the radiosensitive group, 22 genes were significantly upregulated and 1160 genes were downregulated in the radioresistant group. In addition, 10 major NPC radiation resistance network models were identified through integration analysis with known NPC radiation resistance‐associated genes and mechanisms. Furthermore, we identified three core genes, DOCK4, MCM9, and POPDC3 among 12 common downregulated genes in the two datasets, which were validated by RT‐qPCR. The findings of this study provide new clues for clarifying the mechanism of NPC radioresistance, and further experimental studies of these core genes are warranted.
Chimeric Flaviviral RNA−siRNA Molecules Resist Degradation by The Exoribonuclease Xrn1 and Trigger Gene Silencing in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Harvey Cressida , Klassa Sven , Finol Esteban , Hall Jonathan , Hill Alyssa C.
Published: August 2021

RNA is an emerging platform for drug delivery, but the susceptibility of RNA to nuclease degradation remains a major barrier to its implementation in vivo. Here, we engineered flaviviral Xrn1‐resistant RNA (xrRNA) motifs to host small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes. The xrRNA‐siRNA molecules self‐assemble in vitro, resist degradation by the conserved eukaryotic 5’ to 3’ exoribonuclease Xrn1, and trigger gene silencing in 293T cells. The resistance of the molecules to Xrn1 does not translate to stability in blood serum. Nevertheless, our results demonstrate that flavivirus‐derived xrRNA motifs can confer Xrn1 resistance on a model therapeutic payload and set the stage for further investigations into using the motifs as building blocks in RNA nanotechnology.
A Fresh Breath of Oxygen: Red Blood Cell Exchange Transfusion in Sickle Cell and COVID‐19
Authors: Nguyen Viva , Alcius Paul , Peles Shachar , Hodgin Katherine
Published: August 2021

Red blood cell exchange transfusion may be beneficial and should be considered in the early management of patients with sickle cell disease and COVID‐19 to prevent the need for intubation and intensive care unit admission due to respiratory distress.
Disseminated Mycobacterium bovis infection after deceased donor liver transplantation: A case report
Authors: Sotoudeh Kayvon , Quon Samantha , Hsieh Eric P. , Donovan John , Chopra Shefali
Published: August 2021

This case demonstrates the significance, and ongoing relevance of mycobacterial infections, especially in patients who have recently been started on immunosuppression.
Neurofibromatosis and HIV infection in a pregnant woman
Authors: Pepe Franco , Mininni Claudia , Zambrotta Elisabetta , Pepe Gabriele , La Rosa Valeria , La Rosa Rosario , Insalaco Giulio , Monteleone Morena Maria
Published: August 2021

Although pregnant neurofibromatosis or HIV patient established a high‐risk group, this report demonstrated that a careful planning and widespread valuations should be associated with a favorable prognosis for both mother and newborn.
Successful treatment with oral steroid and hydroxychloroquine in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus upon COVID‐19 infection: A case report with detailed laboratory data
Authors: Kondo Makoto , Matsushima Yoshiaki , Iida Shohei , Umaoka Ai , Nakanishi Takehisa , Habe Koji , Yamanaka Keiichi
Published: August 2021

The administration of glucocorticoid and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) may be able to control systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) activities under COVID‐19 infection by suppress the cytokine storm.
The effect of advanced hybrid closed loop system on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in a young male with type 1 diabetes mellitus and growth hormone treatment: A case report
Authors: Petrovski Goran , Al Khalaf Fawziya , Campbell Judith , Hussain Khalid , Day Emma , Pasha Maheen
Published: August 2021

The advanced hybrid closed loop system MiniMed 780G can be an effective tool to improve glycemic control and decrease the health burden in a young male with type 1 diabetes and short stature.
Rosai‐Dorfman disease presenting with solitary liver mass without lymphadenopathy: A case report
Authors: Roosta Yousef , Esfahani Ali , Vahedi Amir , Tarvirizadeh Kosar , Asoubar Sadegh , Boroofeh Behdad , Dinparast Roshan , Behzadi Farhad , Raeisi Mortaza , Hosseiniazar Mohammadreza Mohammad
Published: August 2021

Rosai‐Dorfman disease (RDD), as a lymphoproliferative disorder with unknown etiology, is commonly identified with systemic clinical manifestations in various organs. In this case study, RDD occurrence was reported with an exceedingly liver mass.
A silent trio: Giant descending aortic aneurysm combined with coarctation and persistent left brachiocephalic truncus
Authors: Basho Maksim , Nunci Deniona , Vyshka Gentian , Prifti Edvin
Published: August 2021

We report a case of an undiagnosed descending aortic aneurysm, combined with coarctation and persistent left brachiocephalic truncus in a 59‐year‐old male. It highlights the necessity for aortic imaging, when facing a poorly controlled hypertension.
Active Sites in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: Brief Notes on the Identification of their Analogies with the Standard Heterogeneous Catalysis Concept
Authors: Krystynik Pavel , Kluson Petr , Vesely Michal , Dzik Petr , Krysa Josef
Published: August 2021

The reaction rate concepts in heterogeneous catalysis are based on well‐defined and usually well‐quantified active sites. Such an active site is stable over time and its main features are typically constant. In heterogeneous photocatalysis, the active site is of different nature. Its existence depends on the instantaneous availability of photons and the variable ability of the photocatalyst to use them. In fact, a realistic expression of the active site that at least in the main feature – stability over time – resembles the classical heterogeneous catalytic concept is missing. Here, the concept of a dynamic active site of the heterogeneous oxidation photocatalyst that is (in a dynamic sense) time stable is elaborated and carefully discussed. The novelty of this approach should be seen in the straightforward applicability of standard kinetic models.
ESVM‐SWRF: Ensemble SVM‐based sample weighted random forests for liver disease classification
Authors: Padmakala S. , Subasini C. A. , Karuppiah S. P. , Sheeba Adlin
Published: August 2021

Recently, a significant way to diagnose the disease is using the model of medical data mining. The most challenging task in the healthcare field is to face a large amount of data during disease analyzes and prediction. Once the data are transformed into valuable data by means of data mining models then the actual prediction and decision making is easier. The existing studies met few shortcomings because of higher execution time, more computational complexities, less scalability, slow convergence, and lack of providing the solution. In this article, we have proposed an ensemble SVM‐based sample weighted random forests (eSVM‐swRF) with novel improved colliding body optimization (NICBO) algorithm to predict liver diseases. The extraction, loading, transformation, and analysis (ELTA) are used to pre‐process the patient data. The significant feature with a suitable model is generated depending upon the filter‐based method. Based on eSVM‐swRF, the parameter values such as penalty parameter (P), threshold (T), and mTry are optimized via a novel improved colliding boding optimization (NICBO) algorithm. The UCI dataset provides liver disease data for this study. The implementation platform of RapidMiner Studio version 7.6 with different evaluation measures is used to validate the performance of eSVM‐swRF with the NICBO method. Anyway, the proposed method yields outstanding performance than other existing methods such as Particle Swarm Optimization‐based Support Vector Machine (PSO‐SVM), fuzzy adaptive, and neighbor weighted k‐NN (FuzzyANWKNN), Naïve Bayes‐based Support Vector Machine (NB‐SVM), and Neural network.
Color design in application interfaces for children
Authors: Lyu Fei , Xi Rui , Liu Yujie
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the effect of age and application type on the color design of user interfaces for children's applications. We collected 223 popular children's applications from the Apple App Store, focusing on children of three age groups (3‐5, 6‐8, and 9‐11 years old). There were two types of applications: educational applications and game applications. To explore further and compare the differences between children and adults, we also collected color data on 58 adult applications (29 educational applications and 29 game applications). Due to the characteristics of the specific model, this article selects the HSB (Hue, Saturate, Bright) color model—which is composed of hue, saturation, and brightness, with a high degree of matching with the color vision of the human eye—to analyze the color of the application interfaces. According to the statistics, in terms of hue, different types of application interfaces use different frequencies of colors. Multicolor educational application interfaces use cool colors, such as blue; multicolor game application interfaces use warm colors, such as red and orange; and so on. In terms of saturation, the frequency of high saturation in children's user interfaces is higher than that in adult user interfaces. In terms of brightness, children's application interfaces often use brighter colors. We also compared the statistical results with traditional color cognitive conclusions and discussed the possible reasons.
Repetitive negative thinking, metacognitive beliefs, and their interaction as possible predictors for problematic cannabis use
Authors: Hamonniere Tristan , Milan Lena , Varescon Isabelle
Published: August 2021

The metacognitive formulation of addictive behaviours considers repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and metacognitive beliefs as two important processes involved in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviours. To date, very limited research has investigated the implication of these processes in problematic cannabis use. The present study was aimed at exploring the association between RNT, metacognitive beliefs, and cannabis use in a sample of 157 problematic cannabis users. Participants were administered measures of cannabis use severity, RNT, metacognitive beliefs, anxiety, and depression. Multiple regression analysis showed that metacognitive beliefs (cognitive confidence, beliefs about the need to control thought, and cognitive self‐consciousness) were independent predictors of problematic cannabis use and related problem severity when controlling for RNT and negative affect (anxiety and depression). Furthermore, RNT predicted problematic cannabis use severity only for users with low levels of negative beliefs about thoughts concerning uncontrollability and danger. These data suggest that metacognitive beliefs and RNT may be two relevant cognitive processes for understanding problematic cannabis use. More generally, it enables the consideration of cannabis use from the perspective of self‐regulation theories, and more specifically cognitive regulation, thus offering several theoretical and clinical implications.
2D Covalent Organic Frameworks with an Incorporated Manganese Complex for Light Driven Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Wang Denan , Streater Daniel , Peng Yun , Huang Jier
Published: August 2021

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a novel class of crystalline porous photocatalytic materials due to their unique properties such as large surface area, tunable porosity, and rigid structure. In this work, we report the direct incorporation of a manganese CO2 molecular catalyst (MC) into COFs (Mn−TTA‐COF) and the evaluation of its capability as photocatalyst for visible light driven CO2 reduction to form CO. We found that the photocatalytic activity of Mn−TTA‐COF is quite low, which mainly results from the elimination of the CO ligand in the Mn MC upon light illumination, rendering its short duration in the catalytic reaction. While this is a central concern for the further use Mn−TTA‐COF as a CO2 reduction catalyst, we found that the stability and efficiency of Mn MC is largely enhanced after being incorporated into COFs with respect to its homogeneous version, suggesting the capability of COFs as heterogeneous platform to incorporate MC and improve the catalytic performance of MC. Moreover, transient absorption spectroscopic studies show that the intramolecular charge transfer lifetime of the Mn‐incorporated COF is longer than that in the parent COF, which suggests that charge separation (CS) may occur from the parent COF to the Mn moiety. These results together suggest that COFs may show promise as a platform for creating next‐generation photocatalysts with a built‐in photosensitizer and MC, which can facilitate CS and enhance the stability and efficiency of the incorporated MC.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) Induced by an External Magnetic Field: Magnetic CPL (MCPL)
Authors: Imai Yoshitane
Published: August 2021

In general, circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is generated by a chiral luminophore, that is, chiral structures and chiral packing styles are essential for organic and organometallic luminophores to exhibit CPL properties. However, it is difficult to introduce a chiral structure into inorganic and metal‐cluster luminophores. In this minireview, we have reported magnetic circularly polarized luminescence (MCPL) systems. Upon the application of an external magnetic field, achiral and racemic luminophores too can exhibit MCPL. Such MCPL systems are beneficial for developing versatile CPL systems from various luminophores, which could prospectively cover a wide range of UV‐visible‐near‐infrared regions.