bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TYPHOID PERFORATION OF ILEUM: AN EXPERIENCE OF 60 CASES
Authors: Nisar Ali  , Purdil Khan  , Taj Muhammad Khan  , Asadullah  , Alamzeb
Published: October 2021

Aims: The aim of our study was to collect data on Ileal perforation due to Enteric fever in this part of thecountry and share our experience in the management of this common surgical emergency in the underdeveloped countries.Material and Methods: This was a prospective study carried out on 60 patients admitted and operated fortyphoid perforation of ileum in the department of surgery Saidu Teaching Hospital over a period of threeyears. A proforma was designed for this study based on history, examination, investigations, pre-operativetreatment, operative findings, post operative complications and mortality.Results: Sixty (60) patients were enrolled in this day who were operated on the day of their admission. Allhad single perforation in the distal ileum. Ileostomy was constructed in all patients. The mortality was3.33% in our study as compared to 57-58.9% with simple closure, 8.8% with wedge excision and reanastomosis and 80% in patients treated conservatively. Other complications included, Skin excoriation23.33%, wound infecdon 21.66%, wound dehiscence 6.66%, intra -abdominal abscesses 5.00%, ileostomyprolapse 5.00%, ileostomy retraction 6.66% and pleural effusion 1.66%. There was no faecal fistula and reperforation in our cases.Conclusions: Ileostomy for enteric perforation of ileum being associated with low morbidity and mortalityis recommended for all cases and particularly for those patients having gross contamination.Key words: Typhoid Ileal perforation, Ileostomy, morbidity, mortality.
VIDEO TURP: SURPASSING THE GOLD STANDARD
Authors: Liaqat Ali  , Mir Alam Jan  , Sarhad Khan  , Khursheed Anwar
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To compare the resection time and resected volume of the prostate in patients who weresubjected to video Trans-urethral resection of prostate (TURP) and conventional TURP, and to determinethe difference in the duration of bladder irrigation during post-operative period for conventional TURP andvideo TURP.

Study Design: Comparative randomized control study.

Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Urology at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences(PIMS) Islamabad from Is' March 2002 to 28,h February 2003. Total number of 100 patients were equally Kdivided into two groups. Group ’A’ comprising of 50 patients (Control) were subjected to ConventionalTURP and Group 'B' comprising of 50 patients (Case) were subjected to video TURP respectively. Thesample was randomized by the last digit of the hospital admission number, Even number was allocated togroup 'A' and Odd number to group 'B'. The data was recorded on structured proforma and was analyzed onSPSS. ' ;

Results: The mean age of the patients was 65.5 years with the range of 42-96 years. The Mean resection timefor conventional TURP was 36.03 minutes and for video TURP was 37.27 minutes ( P value = 0.068 ). Themean resected volume for conventional TURP was 18.5 gm and for video TURP was 23.65gm ( P value =0.01 ). The post operative irrigation of the bladder with 0.9% saline was required for 3.32 days inconventional TURP, while it was required for 1.57 days in video TURP ( P < 0.05 ). There was no TURPsyndrome recorded in both the groups and the mean hospital stay for both the group was equal i.e. 4th Postoperative day as per protocol of our department.

Conclusion: The video TURP has opened up a new Approach in endourology. It is more effective inresection than conventional TURP and bears the same safety of resection time as conventional TURP.

Key Words: Prostate,TURP, Endourology, Video TURP
EXPECTATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS OF UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN OPERATION THEATRE: HOW CAN WE IMPROVE THIS LEARNING EXPERIENCE?
Authors: Manzoor Ali  , Muhammad Hussain  , Samiullah  , Shahkar Ali Khan
Published: October 2021

Objective: Most of the experience of students in theatre depends upon the interaction between student andsurgeon, also as a result of the opportunity in taking part in the procedures. Theatre-based learning has littleinherent benefit otherwise. We wished to identify other factors happening in the operation theatre,contributing to this opportunity.Design: This was a cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was designed, which included forced-choice andopen questions. This was given to the undergraduate students of 4th and 5th year MBBS of Saidu MedicalCollege, Swat, who had just finished their surgical attachment.Analysis: Responses from the closed questions were presented as percentages and those from openquestions were identified as themes and the relationship among these further explored.Results: A total of 96 students returned the completed questionnaire. Overall rating was given by 98%, outof which, 39% very good, 7% excellent, 30% good and 22% poor. Thirty five percent felt welcomed inoperation theatre, and 45% students received instructions beforehand. Only 52% students knew beforehand,what operation they are going to see that day. Operation theatre etiquettes were taught to 38% and 40% ofstudents were unclear about the learning objective of attending operation theatre. Unfriendliness of theatrestaff was reported by 48%. 31% stated that they should improve their communication skills and another 44%said that they should leam, how to explain things to undergraduate medical students. The experience wasstressful for 12% and another 39% experienced poor visibility. Student's expectations of learning weremainly focused on acquiring knowledge. Their learning experience varied widely. Students did not feeladequately prepared for getting the most out of this learning opportunityConclusion: The student experience may be distorted by unrealistic expectations of theatre-based learning.Clear and realistic learning objectives, familiarizing the students with the environment, explaining staffroles, involving students in patient's care pathway, faculty expectations being clearly communicated to theclinical teaching staff and most important, the approachability and welcoming behavior of the operationtheatre staff are likely to improve this learning experience.
THE PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC STROKE PATIENTS IN COMMUNITY HOSPITAL OF DISTRICT SWAT, PAKISTAN
Authors: Sahibzada Saeed Jan  , Taj Muhammad Khan  , Alamzeb  , Izaz-urrahman  , Amanullah  , Ikram ul Mabood
Published: October 2021

Background: As hypertension is the most important risk factor for stroke, it is generally considered to beasymptomatic condition and require lifetime therapy which may include chemotherapy and lifestylechanges. Hypertension also clearly contributes to the risk of macrovascular disease in patients with type-IIdiabetes mellitus. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension indiabetic and non-diabetic stroke patients in community hospital district Swat.

Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study, comprised of 100 subjects, 50 were diabetic and 50 werenon-diabetic stroke patients of ages between 28 to 90 years. The blood sugar (random and fasting), bloodpressure (systolic and diastolic) of Diabetic stroke subjects were compared with Non-diabetic strokesubjects.

Results: The prevalence of hypertension was significantly high in diabetic stroke subject as compared tonon-diabetic stroke subjects.

Conclusion: Diabetic patients with persistently elevated blood pressure are more prone to develop stroke ascompared to non diabetic with hypertension

KEYWORDS:Stroke, Diabetes mellitus, hypertension.
IMPACTED CERUMEN AURIS MANAGEMENT: COMPARISON OF OUTCOME BETWEEN SUCTION CLEARANCE AND SYRINGING
Authors: Muhammad Ismail Khan  , Mahid Iqbal  , Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Background: Ear wax (Cerumenauris) is a common problem in ENT practice. The aim of this study was tocompare the outcome of suction clearance and syringing for impacted ear wax in terms of successfulcleaning and complications like pain, vertigo, tinnitus, trauma, bleeding, infection and failure at removal.Materials and Methods: This comparative hospital based study was conducted at Department of ENT,Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital, and D.I.Khan from January 2011 to June 2012. Patients ofeither sex with age >10 years with symptomatic occluding earwax were included in the study. Patients withacute otitis externa, suspected perforation of the tympanic membrane and presence of grommet wereexcluded. Patients were divided into two groups of 200 each. Patients in Group 1 were managed with suctionclearance; while aural syringing was done in Group 2. The 2 groups were compared in terms of successfulcleaning and complications like pain, vertigo, tinnitus, trauma, bleeding, infection and failure at removal ofwax.

Results: Four hundred patients were included in the study; 240 male and 160 female. Mean age of thepatients was 48.32 years (range 10-80 years) and 47.08 years (range 10-80 years) in group 1 and 2respectively.For all the variables the difference between the 2 groups in statistically non-significant exceptfailure (persistent wax) which is less in group 1 (p=0.003).

Conclusions: In qualified and expert hands both the procedures are equally effective for de-waxing ears.

KEYWORDS: Earwax (Cerumenauris), suction clearance, aural syringing.
AN EXPERIENCE OF SIGMOID COLON VOLVULUS AT EMMERGENCY WARD LRH
Authors: USMAN ALI  , NAIK ZADA  , ASADULLAH  , MOHAMMAD SIYAR  , ABID ALI
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Sigmoid volvulus is a serious condition due to rotation of sigmoid colon. Volvulusoften presents with abdominal colic and distention. It can be managed conservatively by colonoscopicdecompression, followed by optimization of patient and finally surgical procedure. The present studywas based on the comparison of resection of sigmoid colon and double barrel colostomy or resection andprimary anastomosisOBJECTIVE: Objective of the study was to compare the results of primary anastomosis and colostomyin patients presenting with sigmoid volvulus.METHODOLOGY: In this study a total of 48 patients with sigmoid volvulus coming to Accident &Emergency Department were included. All the patients were examined and investigated. After diagnosisbased on x-ray erect abdomen all the patients were admitted in Accident and Emergency ward. Afteradmission Full Blood count, urea, sugar, S. Electrolysis and ECG were also performed. Patients werecatheterized and a nasogastric tube passed for gastric decompression. All the patients were givenintravenous fluids antibiotics and prepared for surgery as facilities for colonoscopic sigmoidscopicdecompression were not available and decompressions by rectal tube was unsuccessfulRESULTS: Among the cases with sigmoid volvulus there were 36 males and 12 were females. Majority28 cases were in age range of 61-70 years. Eight patients had gangrene of sigmoid colon, 23 patients hadresection and colostomy while 20 had resection and primary anastomosis. Among the postoperativecomplications, 05 patients had wound infection and 01 wound dehiscence. Two patients died because ofsepsis and cardiopulmonary complications.CONCLUSION: Patients presenting as acute abdomen should have urgent laparotomy as soon aspossible. Decompression by colonoscope is the gold standard procedure for stable patients with sigmoidvolvulus. Sigmoidectomy and primary anastomosis is the procedure of choice as it not only avoidssecond admission and operation, but it also avoids the side effects and care of stoma, which is majorcause of morbidity and mortality.
Duterte’s Polemic Against the Catholic Church as Hate Speech
Authors: Labiste Ma. Diosa , Chua Yvonne
Published: October 2021

This study examines thirteen speeches of President Rodrigo Duterte that contain lines, paragraphs, and expletives directed against the Roman Catholic Church, to determine if they are forms of hate speech. These speeches were delivered from August 2016, two months after he assumed office, up to May 2017. These rhetorical resources were directed toward the Church and its clergy, which criticized Duterte’s war on drugs, and they have been analyzed using a modified version of the dangerous speech framework of the U.S.-based Dangerous Speech Project (Benesch, 2013), which has five rhetorical elements: speaker, content and its context, audience, medium, and response. This study defines hate speech as a speech that attacks personal dignity, dehumanizes groups, incites discrimination, advocates hostility, creates a social wedge, and imputes a crime.
The Theological Squabble of Duterte Against the Catholic Church: Discourse Analysis of Duterte’s God-Talk Based on the Verses Found in Online News
Authors: Lanuza Gerry
Published: October 2021

This paper is an attempt to provide a discourse analysis of President Rodrigo Duterte’s controversial statements and public pronouncements about God, the Catholic Church and its clergy, and Christian teachings based on online news and similar websites. Using critical discourse analysis grounded in Michel Foucault’s (1980) theory of knowledge/power nexus, the present paper is a modest attempt to come up with a systematic account of Duterte’s “theological” musings based on his random extemporized diatribes against God and Christian religion. Reconstructing Duterte’s “theology” does not mean assessing it from the mainstream religious point of view but rather bringing into light the theological tenets of Duterte’s concept of God and foregrounding them in the context of our predominantly Christian culture. This study wants primarily to understand what are the objectives that these performative pronouncements seek to achieve politically, and what interests they serve based on Foucault’s (1980) analysis of “regime of truth.”
Mula kay GMA Hanggang kay Duterte: Kritika sa Ilang Dokumentaryong Politikal at Pagmamapa sa Tunguhin ng Dokumentaryo sa Panahong Pinapaslang ang Politikal
Authors: Pangilinan Carlo Gabriel
Published: October 2021

The comprehensive objective of this paper is to critique and interrogate selected political documentaries created by individuals and film collectives from the time of incumbency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Benigno Aquino III, until the current “fascist” (Imbong, 2020) regime of Rodrigo Roa Duterte. In whole, the paper has three specific objectives. First, subtlety lay and give clarity to the impelling philosophy and political stance of documentaries deemed political in nature. Second, apply a class-based critique and re-examination, particularly on the level of an ideological analysis, to the following documentaries—Red Saga (Dalena, 2004), Sa Ngalan ng Tubo (Tudla Multimedia Network & EILER, 2005), Tundong Magiliw (Maranan, 2011), The Guerilla is a Poet (Dalena,K.&Dalena,S., 2013) and Yield (Tagaro & Uryu, 2017). Lastly, another goal of the paper is to be able to map out some propositions on how to fully extract the radical potential of political documentaries especially at this time of elusive justice and reason, while unrest, impunity, and fascism are intense
PRETERM BIRTH AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN SINGLETON PREGNANCIES AFTER IN VITRO FERTILIZATION- INFLUENCE OF INFERTILITY AND METHOD OF FERTILIZATION
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria., Slavov Sergei , Yaneva Galina ,   Department of Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: October 2021

The aim of our study was to determine the effect of infertility and the method of fertilization on the frequency of preterm birth and low birth weight in singleton pregnancies achieved by in vitro fertilization (IVF). The study was conducted in the period 01.2013 - 12.2017 and included 286 patients with births from singleton IVF pregnancies. Classical IVF received 107 patients (group A1) and ICSI fertilization - 148 (group A2). Cases with tubal infertility were 81 (group B1), and 85 were with male infertility (group B2). In group A1, birth prior to 37 weeks of gestation (w.g.) was found in 33 (30.8%) cases, compared to 26 (17.6%) in group A2 (p=0.029).In group A1, birth weight <2500 g was observed in 27 (25.3%) of cases, and in group A2 - in 17 (11.5%) of cases (p=0.015). In group B1, birth prior to 37 w.g. was established in 26 (32.1%) of the cases, compared to 9 (10.6%) in group B2 (p=0.003). In group B1 there was birth weight <2500 g in 19 (23.5%) of patients, compared to 6 (7.1%) in group B2 (p = 0.009). The average weight of the newborn and average duration of pregnancy was lower in groups with IVF fertilization and tubal infertility compared to ICSI fertilization and male infertility. Tubal infertility and classical IVF fertilization are independent risk factors that increase the frequency of preterm birth and low birth weight in IVF singleton pregnancies.
The Effect Of Styrofoam As An Additive In Laston Lapis Aus Mixture
Authors: Lolok Naisel , Ali Nur , Rachman Rais
Published: October 2021

Styrofoam is waste from the disposal of electronic material buffers. This waste can be found in several main places in electronic store warehouses. This study aims to determine the value of the characteristics of the mixture of Laston Lapis Aus the effect of Styrofoam as an additive on the characteristics of the mixture of Laston Lapis Aus which uses the Malili river aggregate and Styrofoam as an added material through testing. The method used is the Conventional Marshall Method which tests and analyzes the characteristics of the mixture. The results showed the characteristics of the Laston Lapis Aus mixture using Malili River Stone and Styrofoam as added materials. Through Marshall test testing, the mixed characteristic values, namely stability, flow, VIM, VMA, and VFB all met the General Specifications of Highways 2018. The effect of adding Styrofoam to the mixture Laston Lapis Aus is able to fill voids in the mixture which makes the voids smaller, making the bonds between the aggregates stronger so that with the addition of Styrofoam the mixture becomes more water-resistant/resistant to water, weather and traffic loads.
TÜRKİYE’NİN CARİ AÇIK SORUNU, NEDENLERİ VE KREDİ GENİŞLEMESİNİN CARİ AÇIK SORUNUNA ETKİSİ: SINIR TESTİ YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: ALTUNÖZ Utku
Published: October 2021

Çalışmada kredi hacmi-cari açık ilişkisi 1998:1Ç-2020:4Ç dönemi için LeeStrazicich kırılmalı birim kök sonrası ARDL sınır testi yöntemiyle test edilmiştir. Ulaşılan sonuçlara göre kredi hacmi artışıyla cari işlemler açığı arasında, eş bütünleşme ve nedensellik ilişkisinin var olduğu anlaşılmış ve kredi hacmindeki artışın, cari açığı artıran bir rol üstlendiği görülmüştür. Ampirik analize ait uzun dönemli tahminlere göre kredi hacminde meydana gelen %1 birimlik artış cari açığı %0.061 birim artırmaktadır. Cari açığa etki eden birçok makroekonomik göstergenin sabit olduğu (ceteris paribus) varsayımı altında ekonometrik analiz sonuçları teorik beklentilerle uyumlu olup kredi hacmindeki artışın cari açığı artırdığı tezini desteklemektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre kullandırılan kredilerdeki %1 birimlik artış cari açık üzerinde kendinden daha
düşük bir etki (0,061) yaratmaktadır. Elde edilen hata düzeltme sonuçlarına göre uzun dönemde birlikte hareket eden serilerdeki kısa dönemli sapmalar 3 dönemde dengeye ulaşmaktadır.
An abstract critical point theorem with applications to elliptic problems with combined nonlinearities
Authors: Perera Kanishka
Published: October 2021

We will present an abstract critical point theorem based on a cohomological index theory that produces pairs of nontrivial critical points with nontrivial higher critical groups. This theorem yields pairs of nontrivial solutions that are neither local minimizers nor of mountain pass type for problems with combined nonlinearities. Applications will be given to subcritical and critical p-Laplacian problems, Kirchhoff type nonlocal problems, and critical fractional p-Laplacian problems.
Large time behavior and large time profile of viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations
Authors: Tran Hung Vinh
Published: October 2021

I will describe our recent results on large time behavior and large time profile of viscous Hamilton-Jacobi equations in the periodic setting. Here, the diffusion matrix might be degenerate, which makes the problem more difficult and challenging. Based on joint works with Cagnetti, Gomes, Mitake.
Geometric Singular Perturbation Theory for Fast-Slow PDEs
Authors: Kühn Christian
Published: October 2021

Systems with multiple time scales appear in a wide variety of applications. Yet, their mathematical analysis is challenging already in the context of ODEs, where about four decades were needed to develop a more comprehensive theory based upon invariant manifolds, desingularization, variational equations, and many other techniques.

Yet, for PDEs progress has been extremely slow due to many obstacles in generalizing several ODE methods. In my talk, I shall report on two recent advances for fast-slow PDEs, namely the extension of slow manifold theory for unbounded operators driving the slow variables, and the design of a blow-up method for PDEs, where normal hyperbolicity is lost. This is joint work with Maximilian Engel and Felix Hummel.
PDE problems that arise from machine learning
Authors: E Weinan
Published: October 2021

Two kinds of PDE problems arise from machine learning. The continuous formulation of machine learning naturally gives rise to some very elegant and challenging PDE (more precisely partial differential and integral equations) problems. It is likely that understanding these PDE problems will become fundamental issues in the mathematical theory of machine learning.
Machine learning - based algorithms
for PDEs also lead to new questions about these PDEs,
for example,
new kinds of a priori estimates that are suited
for the machine learning model.I will discuss both kinds of problems.
Traveling wave solutions to the free boundary Navier-Stokes equations
Authors: Tice Ian
Published: October 2021

Consider a layer of viscous incompressible fluid bounded below by a flat rigid boundary and above by a moving boundary. The fluid is subject to gravity, surface tension, and an external stress that is stationary when viewed in a coordinate system moving at a constant velocity parallel to the lower boundary. The latter can model, for instance, a tube blowing air on the fluid while translating across the surface. In this talk we will detail the construction of traveling wave solutions to this problem, which are themselves stationary in the same translating coordinate system. While such traveling wave solutions to the Euler equations are well-known, to the best of our knowledge this is the first construction of such solutions with viscosity. This is joint work with Giovanni Leoni.
Understanding soliton dynamics in Boussinesq models
Authors: Muñoz Claudio
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this talk is to describe in simple terms the soliton problem for several Boussinesq models, including good, improved and abcd systems. The problem is not simple, because some particular unstable behavior present in each system above mentioned. The idea is to explain the particularities of each system, previous and recent results, and future research, in simple words.
Public awareness, health seeking practices and constraints to uptake of COVID-19 testing in the conflict-affected Anglophone regions of Cameroon
Authors: Akomoneh Elvis Achondou , Omam Lundi-Anne
Published: October 2021

Background

The number of COVID-19 cases around the world are on the rise, yet testing rates in Cameroon are still low especially in conflict-affected areas. We investigated the awareness, health seeking practices and barriers to COVID-19 testing in the conflict-affected communities of the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon, in order to contribute to the development of policies aiming at reduction of the disease burden.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October to November 2020, with residents in the North West and South West Regions. A questionnaire was administered to determine public awareness and identify aspects that may influence uptake of COVID-19 testing in conflict settings.

Results

Of the 872 respondents, 53.7% were females, 67.2% lived in an urban setting and 30.3% were internally displaced. 72.9% respondents had heard of COVID-19, with social media being the main channel of information. 95.2% respondents had presented with COVID-19 symptom with only 36/880 who did the test. 22.2% of respondents self-medicated and 45.6% never took any medication. Kidnappings, gunshots and distance travelled accounted for some reasons some respondents had never tested for COVID-19.

Conclusion

COVID-19 prevention efforts should make use of social media in circulating correct information to residents of the North West and South West Regions. Information on the various testing sites should be widely disseminated using various channels especially social media, community health workers, and religious leaders. Community-based testing of COVID-19 using rapid diagnostic tests is recommended.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Business and Economic Research, Vol. 11, No. 3
Authors: Young Daisy
Published: October 2021

Business and Economic Research (BER) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from June 1, 2021, to September 1, 2021. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether BER publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Almir A. AlihodžićAngela WrightBratu (Simionescu) MihaelaE. A.C. P. KarunarathneGhulam Muhammad QamriHengky Sumisto HalimHui Shan LeeKaveh DalvandMahmoud M. SabraMamta SinghMohammad Hani Al-KilaniNana Osei-BonsuRomeo Victor IonescuSeyyed Ali Zeytoon Nejad MoosavianShyamkumar D. KalpandeYu HsingZi-Yi GuoZoran Wittine
A prudência e sua natureza tricípite em Aristóteles
Authors: Zingano Marco
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo, busco mostrar a relevância da percepção na determinação da ação moral a que chega o prudente. Para tanto, é feita a análise de algumas passagens do Livro VI da Ética Nicomaqueia, com especial atenção a VI 2 1139a17-18 tria dê estin en têi psuchêi ta kuria praxeôs kai alêtheias, aisthêsis nous orexis.
Definindo a verdade 1. Aristóteles e Tarski
Authors: Veloso Claudio William
Published: October 2021

Este artigo é um trabalho ao mesmo tempo de história da filosofia e de filosofia. Ele constitui a primeira parte de um díptico que levanta a hipótese da possibilidade de definir a verdade. Após a distinção das três grandes acepções da palavra « verdade » (sinceridade, ipseidade, bondade de um julgamento), a individuação da acepção segundo a qual se trataria de definir a verdade (a terceira) e algumas considerações sobre esta última, o autor concentra-se na questão que consiste em saber o que torna verdadeiro um julgamento. O ponto de partida é a concepção aristotélica da verdade à qual são reconduzidas várias concepções concorrentes, principalmente a dita « da verdade como correspondência com a realidade », embora Aristóteles jamais apresente a sua nesses termos. Em um segundo momento, o autor compara essa concepção com a de Alfred Tarski, que supostamente retomaria Aristóteles, afim de mostrar tudo que separa esses dois pensadores. O autor procede, em seguida, a uma defesa da posição de Aristóteles e, enfim, sugere uma resposta provisória à questão posta: o que torna verdadeiro um julgamento é a crença, sendo que crer não é, todavia, ter por verdadeiro.
Sobre o método na ética a Nicômaco de Aristóteles
Authors: Pereira Reinaldo Sampaio
Published: October 2021

Muito já se escreveu e ainda se escreve sobre o método na Ética a Nicômaco de Aristóteles. O propósito que move a redação deste artigo não é o de entrar em tal debate, mas o de examinar parcialmente uma passagem (EN VII 1, 1145b2-7) freqüentemente visitada por aqueles que analisam o método na ética aristotélica. Ao comentar esta passagem em um célebre artigo, Jonathan Barnes observa que o método empregado na Ética a Nicômaco, denominado por Barnes ‘o método das endoxa’, é composto de três elementos. O primeiro elemento de tal método consiste em estabelecer os phainomena (tithenai ta phainomena), isto é, consiste em estabelecer as opiniões reputáveis (ta endoxa) sobre os objetos da ética. Neste artigo trataremos deste primeiro elemento do método em questão. Examinaremos os porquês de Aristóteles recorrer a opiniões reputáveis (endoxa) no método empregado na Ética a Nicômaco e, então, verificaremos se tal uso das endoxa autoriza a considerar de modo apropriado a ética aristotélica como uma ética do senso comum.
Enterococcus spp. Meningoencephalitis, Ventriculitis, and Hypophysitis in a Dog
Authors: Harvey Bridget , Tarrant James , McClosky Megan , Nathanson Olivia , Cole Stephen
Published: October 2021

A 13 yr old spayed female Yorkshire terrier was hospitalized for a dull mentation, anorexia, presumptive gastroenterocolitis, and a suspected gastrointestinal bleed with melena. Despite supportive therapy, the patient’s clinical signs persisted. Throughout hospitalization, the patient became progressively dull to stuporous with a progressive hypernatremia. On day 3 of hospitalization, the patient acutely developed neurological signs with a neuroanatomical localization consistent with a process at the caudal cranial fossa. Per the owner’s wishes, the patient was euthanized with necropsy performed. Histopathology revealed a suppurative meningoencephalitis, ventriculitis, hypophysitis, otitis interna, and an ulcerative pharyngitis. Aerobic culture collected from the area of the pituitary gland grew an Enterococcus spp. Enterococcal meningoencephalitis is rare in humans but has not been reported in veterinary medicine. In future cases of canine bacterial meningitis, Enterococcus spp. should be considered. Because of the inherent resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp., targeted antibiotic selection would be required for treatment.
Tratamentos da Doença de Alzheimer: Perspectivas e Bioética
Authors: Moura Rosa Maria Braga Lopes de
Published: October 2021

A Doença de Alzheimer (DA) é um distúrbio neurodegenerativo progressivo associado com um acúmulo de placas da proteína beta amiloide (Aβ) senis extracelulares e o excesso de emaranhados neurofibrilares da proteína Tau dentro das células. Foi descrita inicialmente pelo médico alemão Alois Alzheimer, em 1906 caracterizando como uma patologia neurológica, de etiologia desconhecida e de aparecimento insidioso. O sistema nervoso central é particularmente vulnerável aos danos causados pelos radicais livres por apresentar alto consumo de oxigênio e possuir grande quantidade de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados e nível diminuído de enzimas antioxidantes afetando a memória e aprendizado. De uma maneira geral, o estresse oxidativo no cérebro de pacientes com Doença de Alzheimer está manifestado pelo aumento da oxidação proteica, peroxidação lipídica, oxidação do DNA e RNA e formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio. O desenvolvimento de opções terapêuticas mais eficazes e seguras consiste em um dos objetivos mais avidamente perseguidos no cenário científico internacional. Drogas capazes de modificar a evolução natural da doença, ao lado da antecipação do diagnóstico, representarão o futuro do tratamento da DA e outras demências. Nesse contexto, a compreensão dos mecanismos que levam à morte neuronal na DA será a base para o desenvolvimento de novas drogas. Tendo em vista essas considerações, a Bioética oferece ferramentas para resolver os dilemas que apresentam os avanços científicos dentro dos limites éticos impostos pelo respeito à pessoa humana ao discutir se as perspectivas futuras de tratamentos respeitam os princípios de dignidade humana e de justiça. Foi levando em consideração tais aspectos, que o eixo central deste livro é a Doença de Alzheimer e sua relação com a bioética.
Pode o Subalterno Filmar? Cinema Africano e Luta Anticolonial nos Anos 1960
Authors: Nascimento Jonas do
Published: October 2021

Este livro é o fruto de minha pesquisa de mestrado em Sociologia iniciada em 2012 e finalizada em 2015 na Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Neste período, estive interessado em entender as dinâmicas sociais e culturais presentes naqueles países chamados, muitas vezes, pejorativamente de “terceiro mundo”. Ou seja, eu me propus entender o que de fato tem sido produzido em termos políticos e poéticos em países que viveram a experiência do processo colonial – desde uma perspectiva decolonial e/ou pós-colonial. Inicialmente, meu olhar esteve voltado para a América Latina e as dinâmicas de produção cinematográfica do chamado Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano. Durante essa experiência inicial, depareime com algo até então insólito, mas ainda pouco questionado: a ausência de estudos sociológicos a respeito da produção cinematográfica africana. Recordo-me de que a atenção dada à produção literária africana naquele momento, gozava de relativo prestigio dentro da academia, com obras de autores angolanos e moçambicanos sendo traduzidas e estudadas em departamentos de sociologia e literatura. Porém, o cinema africano, com raras exceções, ainda permanecia um tema marginalizado e pouco discutido entre nós, sociólogos e estudiosos. A pesquisa buscava, portanto, abrir novas possibilidades de analise dentro do campo de investigação sobre arte e cultura de uma perspectiva periférica e não hegemônica. Agora com a publicação deste livro, tem-se a possibilidade de um público não acadêmico poder ler e imergir nesse mundo hoje um pouco mais debatido que em 2012, mas ainda longe de ter o merecido reconhecimento.
Pastoral Bagi Keluarga Dalam Situasi Khusus Menurut Paus Fransiskus Dalam Anjuran Apostolik Amoris Laetitia
Authors: Subekti Gerardus Rahmat
Published: October 2021

The article deals with pastoral care for family according to Amoris Laetitia. The author’s concern is to discuss the pastoral steps for the families in the face of crisis situations: What kind of pastoral steps can be organized to assist families in crisis situations? This article is based on the study of ecclesial document Amoris Laetitia, a post-synodal apostolic exhortation by Pope Francis addressing the pastoral care of families. First of all, the article describes the basic thoughts of this document, especially those related to the reality and ideals of family life. Then, it shows some practical pastoral thoughts for assisting families in special situations. The results can be a significant contribution for the Church in terms of its important duties and responsibilities in assisting the families today, but also for family pastoral activists. This description concludes that the crisis situation faced by families is not a fact to be constantly regretted, but an opportunity for the Church to show God's mercy to those who are struggling in difficult situations.
HEZBOLLAH ÎNTRE MIT ȘI REALITATE
Authors: ȘOIMARU Daniel
Published: October 2021

Hezbollah este un actor nestatal cu o influență decisivă asupra modului în care evoluează dinamicile politice și de securitate din Liban, având un rol important în cadrul complexului regional de securitate din Orientul Mijlociu. Cu toate acestea, pentru a putea înțelege comportamentul acestui actor, este necesară evidențierea principalelor sale caracteristici ideologice. Prin urmare, întrebarea de cercetare care a permis materializarea acestui studiu este: Cum a influențat ideologia asumată de către liderii Hezbollah comportamentul organizației? Prin intermediul acestui studiu dorim să evidențiem contextul istoric al Libanului în perioada anilor 1980, precum și să analizăm principalii factori care au determinat materializarea Hezbollah. De asemenea, vrem să înțelegem principalii piloni ideologici ai Hezbollah și modul în care aceștia au influențat obiectivele și acțiunile organizației și să examinăm modul în care statele vestice percep activitatea desfășurată de Hezbollah. Totodată, ne propunem să analizăm relația dintre Iran și Hezbollah din perspectiva motivațiilor și intereselor pe care decidenții politici de la Teheran le au în raport cu creșterea influenței iraniene în Orientul Mijlociu.
DIPLOMAȚIA ECONOMICĂ A CHINEI ÎN EUROPA: INIȚIATIVA „17+1” ȘI IMPLICAȚII PENTRU SECURITATEA FLANCULUI ESTIC AL NATO
Authors: CHERHAȚ Tudor
Published: October 2021

Această lucrare susține că Republica Populară Chineză a aplicat o formă de diplomație economică în Europa Centrală și de Est, pentru a-și extinde influența politică regională. Folosind Inițiativa „17+1”, China a încercat să ofere privilegii financiare statelor membre pentru ca acestea să devină ulterior dependente de viziunile politico-economice ale Beijingului. În pofida îngrijorării Uniunii Europene, rezultatele proiectului nu au fost cele așteptate, existând mari îndoieli cu privire la viitorul Inițiativei. Acestea au fost confirmate de poziția NATO, care a considerat că demersurile chineze nu reprezintă o problemă de securitate pentru flancul estic al Alianței.
ACTORI RELEVANȚI ȘI INTERDEPENDENȚE ÎN SECURITATEA REGIONALĂ: RELAȚIA UE-TURCIA
Authors: BUHAI Romeo-Dacian
Published: October 2021

Relația UE-Turcia își găsește fundamentul în politica de extindere a UE, care reprezintă unul dintre cele mai importante instrumente de politică externă ale organizației. Integrarea unui actor relevant precum Turcia capătă astfel conotații importante la nivel regional, unul dintre câștigurile Turciei din această relație constituindu-l accesul la piața unică a UE. Deși începutul relației părea unul promițător, derularea ulterioară a acesteia este guvernată de nenumărate divergențe și tensiuni, rezultatul la care s-a ajuns până în prezent fiind elocvent: din 35 de capitole negociate pentru aderare, doar 16 au fost deschise, dintre acestea unul singur fiind închis provizoriu. Articolul de față evidențiază relația dintre cei doi actori, efortul fiind îndreptat spre analiza procesului de aderare a Turciei la UE. Prin analiza critică a literaturii de specialitate, a declarațiilor și a documentelor oficiale consacrate subiectului, lucrarea realizează o imagine de ansamblu a procesului de aderare și prezintă unele idei privind avantajele pe care ambii actori le pot obține din această relație. Ulterior, sunt emise o serie de opinii privind evoluția relației UE-Turcia, concluzionând cu faptul că, în viitorul apropiat, nu ne putem aștepta la o integrare totală a Turciei în UE.
RELIGIE ȘI POLITICĂ ÎN CONTEXTUL ASALTULUI DIN 6 IANUARIE 2021 ASUPRA CONGRESULUI STATELOR UNITE ALE AMERICII
Authors: DINULESCU Iulian
Published: October 2021

În 6 ianuarie 2021, o mulțime furioasă a atacat forțele de securitate și a luat cu asalt Congresul Statelor Unite ale Americii, majoritatea purtând pancarte conținând simboluri creștine și manifestând o conduită ultra-religioasă. Mulțimea a scandat sloganuri și cântece religioase amestecate cu repere ideologic-politice extremiste, teorii conspiraționiste QAnon și atitudini rasiste. De asemenea, protestatarii au urmat un ritual aflat în Biblie, în Vechiul Testament, în cartea lui Iosua Navi, un lider israelit căruia Dumnezeu i-a indicat modul în care va cuceri Cetatea Ierihonului, plină de oameni corupți și desfrânați, dacă va asculta porunca divină. Participanții la asalt, au urmat același ritual pentru a „cuceri” cetatea Capitoliului cu o lună înainte și l-au repetat începând cu 5 ianuarie 2021.

Întrucât religia este credința în Dumnezeu și reprezintă relația dintre omul credincios și divinitate, însușirea unor elemente de ideologie politică de către oamenii ultrareligioși a fost considerată naturală și obligatorie în conturarea unei societăți care să se dezvoltate pe principii creștine sub forma unei „cetăți creștine”.

În prezentul articol, prin analiza atitudinii comunității creștine în două faze distincte, cea de dinainte și cea din timpul și de după asaltul asupra Congresului SUA, va fi relevat rezultatul manifestării fenomenului ultrareligiozității îmbinat cu o ideologie politică extremistă.
Ureteral stent migration through colovesical and vesicovaginal fistulas in a patient with stage IV cervical cancer treated with pelvic radiation
Authors: Klein Jennifer , Gandhi Sunil
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Pelvic radiation is often used as radical treatment or additional therapy in patients with gynecologic malignancies. Irradiation damages deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of tumor cells by an inflammatory process with several inciting factors. The inflammatory process continues well after the treatment has been given and its effects can present decades after initial treatment. Complications of radiation are related to tissue damage due to parenchymal and vascular endothelial cell death as well as fibrosis resulting from innate immune response. Fibrosis is a late complication of radiation therapy and can present as stenosis or fistulas. Fistulas have an annual incidence rate of up to 5% and can develop anywhere in the irradiated field.

Case Report: This case describes a patient with vesicovaginal fistula secondary to stage IV cervical cancer treated with pelvic radiation. The patient had ureteral stent placement for radiation-induced ureteral stricture which exited the body through the anus through the vesicovaginal fistula and a colovesical fistula which developed over the course of 10 years after initial treatment with radiation therapy.

Conclusion: As cancer survivorship rates increase with improved treatments, it is important to anticipate continuing radiation damage in patients who have received radiation therapy.
Exceptions and limitations to copyright and related rights in the light of the caselaw of the Court of Justice of the European Union
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine, Soroka Nataliya
Published: October 2021

Exceptions and limitations are an integral part of any effective copyright systems, they play a crucial role in striking a fair balance between the interests of the creators and rightholders, on the one hand, and those of the users of the protected works, on the other. The exceptions and limitations serve to secure such fundamental values as freedom of expression and information, freedom of art, science, research and education. Since the exceptions and limitations are not fully harmonised in the European Union, the lack of legal certainty is being cured by the caselaw of the Court of Justice. The role of the Court preliminary rulings in interpreting the relevant legal provisions and providing clarifications as to their application cannot be overemphasised. Moreover, in recent cases the Court of Justice considered the exceptions and limitations to copyright in the light of the European Convention on Human Rights and the settled caselaw of the European Court of Human Rights. Therefore, it is an opportunity for us to observe the growing attention of the Court of Justice to the human rights and fundamental freedoms protected by the European Convention.
The Effects of Intellectual Property on Financial Integration in the European Union and Moldova Republic
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania, Dadzie Emmanuel Obed , Matei Ionela Gabriela ,   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Romania
Published: October 2021

In order to encourage creative work and prevent possible abuses, the field of intellectual property must be well regulated; from a legislative point of view. This present era which is characterized by continuous technological progress is experiencing a boost in relevance of intellectual property; thereby becoming one of the key elements of industries. This has made players of markets to become aware of the need to ensure protection of intellectual property rights. Hence, financial integration is a key element which can be affected by intellectual property and the innovation process involved. This paper analyses the correlation between international financial integration and intellectual property. Also, the analysis focuses on European Union (EU) member countries and Moldova in assessing the effects of intellectual property and international financial integration. Fixed-effect panel estimation and the ordinary least squares model are used in the analysis. The analysis has been conducted over the last two decades to see the differences that intellectual property has had over financial integration over periods of time that have had extremely different economic oscillations. The results of this research provide an update on the analysis effects of intellectual property on international financial integration and it shows a negative relationship between them. Hence, this depicts that when intellectual property is carefully considered by firms and governmental institutions, it can be a major source of revenue for the stakeholders and the economy at large.
The Transition of Economy from Analogue to Digital in the XXI Century by the case of the Republic of Korea
Authors:   Belarus National Technical University, Oh Dok Hee , Danilchanka Aliaksei ,   Belarus National Technical University, Zhalezka Boris ,   Belarus National Technical University, Siniauskaya Volha ,   Belarus State Economic University
Published: October 2021

The article demonstrates the impact of digitalization on the political system and economy of the Republic of Korea based on the IT-revolution of the XXI century. Research methods used include comparative, system and logical data analysis, and the investigation of the digitalization trends. Data from Korean National Statistical Office and other official open sources are used for the determination of the main digitalization trends in the Korean economy. An analysis of specific phenomena arising in the economy and society as a whole is carried out under conditions of the digital economy. The evolution of the digitalization of hardware and software in the Republic of Korea is presented. The consequences of the transition of the economy from analogue to digital are revealed in such areas as the structure of the economy and business model, economic integration and liberalization, resource allocation and balanced development of regions, the role of government, and the intellectual property system.
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin Hastaların Kişisel Sağlık Verileri İle İlgili Görüşleri
Authors: BASİT Gülden
Published: October 2021

Amaç: Öğrenci hemşirelerin kişisel sağlık verilerinin korunmasına yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek ve bu konudaki farkındalıklarını artırmaktır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı olarak yapılan bu araştırmaya 131 hemşirelik öğrencisi katılmıştır. Veriler online olarak, Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu ve Hemşirelik Öğrencileri İçin Kişisel Sağlık Verilerinin Kayıt ve Korunması Tutum Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler Sosyal Bilimler İçin İstatistik Programında analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %82.4’ünün kadın, %32.8’inin birinci sınıf olduğu, ölçekte aldıkları toplam puan ortalamasının 4.14 (±0.35) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin, sınıflara göre aldıkları puanlarda anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Öğrencilerin kişisel sağlık verilerinin kayıt ve korunması konusunda farkındalıklarının yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır.