bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH ẢNH CỘNG HƯỞNG TỪ HỐ SỌ SAU DỊ DẠNG CHIARI LOẠI I Ở NGƯỜI TRƯỞNG THÀNH
Authors: Thanh Bình Huỳnh , Lê Phương Huỳnh , Quang Tuyển Bùi , Thành Bắc Nguyễn , Đức Minh Tống
Published: August 2022

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát một số đặc điểm hình ảnh cộng hưởng từ hố sọ sau Dị dạng Chiari loại I ở người trưởng thành. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả, cắt ngang không đối chứng trên 45 bệnh nhân tuổi trưởng thành (≥18 tuổi) được chẩn đoán và điều trị phẫu thuật dị dạng Chiari I tại Khoa ngoại thần kinh Bệnh viện Quân y 103 và Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy, Bệnh viện Việt Đức từ tháng 01/2016 đến tháng 12/2019. Kết quả: Kích thước hố sọ sau bị thu hẹp, có hình phễu, thông qua các chỉ số chiều dài rãnh trượt và chiều cao xương chẩm bị ngắn lại và góc nền sọ Boogard rộng ra. Mức độ thoát vị của hạnh nhân tiểu não trung bình là 13,2 mm; 26,67% thoát vị trên 10mm. 25 BN (55,56%) xuất hiện rỗng tủy kèm theo. 7 BN (15,56%) có gù vẹo cột sống. 3 BN (6,67%) có giãn não thất. Có sự khác biệt về một số kích thước ở hố sọ sau giữa nhóm có và không có dị dạng Chiari I. Kết luận: Đặc điểm cộng hưởng từ di dạng chiari loại I với kích thước hố sọ sau bị thu hẹp, có hình phễu, thông qua các chỉ số chiều dài rãnh trượt và chiều cao xương chẩm bị ngắn lại và góc nền sọ Boogard rộng ra. Một số kích thước ở hố sọ sau giữa nhóm có và không có dị dạng Chiari I có sự khác biệt.
VAI TRÒ CỦA IMATINIB TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ TÂN BỔ TRỢ U MÔ ĐỆM ĐƯỜNG TIÊU HOÁ: BÁO CÁO 2 TRƯỜNG HỢP
Authors: Anh Tú Đỗ , Đình Lợi Nguyễn
Published: August 2022

U mô đệm đường tiêu hoá (Gastrointestinal tromal tumors - GISTs) là u trung mô ác tính thường gặp nhất của đường tiêu hóa, chiếm khoảng 1-3% các u ác tính của dạ dày ruột. Sự phát triển của GISTs do đột biến gen KIT chiếm khoảng 78-88%. GIST ở dạ dày chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất (40-60%), ruột non (20-30%) và các vị trí khác như đại trực tràng, thực quản. Chẩn đoán dựa vào mô bệnh học và hoá mô miễn dịch CD117 dương tính. Phẫu thuật là phương pháp điều trị chính, điều trị bổ trợ bằng imatinib giúp kéo dài thời gian sống và giảm tỉ lệ tái phát. Đối với giai đoạn bệnh tiến triển khi mới chẩn đoán việc phẫu thuật không đảm bảo diện cắt âm tính (R0), nhiều biến chứng thì điều trị tân bổ trợ bằng imatinib làm giảm thể tích khối u, giảm giai đoạn, thuận lợi cho phẫu thuật triệt căn và cải thiện kết quả điều trị. Hai trường hợp lâm sàng minh hoạ cho điều trị tân bổ trợ imatinib thành công cho bệnh nhân GISTs giai đoạn muộn tại bệnh viện K.
RESPONSE OF PEARLMILLET CULTIVARS TO DIFFERENT MOISTURE CONSERVATION PRACTICES UNDER RAINFED CONDITION ON LIGHT TEXTURED SOIL OF CENTRAL UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: Rajput P.K. , Kumar Yogesh , Katiyar A.K. , Kumar Hemant
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2018 and 2019 at Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm of C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, to study the performance of pearlmillet cultivars under varying moisture conservation practices in terms of production, total water use, water use efficiency and root development under rainfed condition. Results revealed that among cultivars, 'Krishna-834' considered to be the most promising in terms of yield, WUE, root development, net return and B:C ratio. One weeding and hoeing + organic residue mulch @ 4 t ha-1 on soil surface at 25 DAS brought out significantly higher production as compared to ridging and furrowing as well as one weeding and hoeing practices. The roots plant-1 , dry weight of roots plant-1, soil moisture status, WUE and net return were also the highest, where mulching practice was taken as moisture conservation practice.
STUDIES ON CHROMOSOME VARIATION IN VANDA SPECIES OF ORCHIDACEAE
Authors: Ramesh T. , Ganesh Kumari K. , Muruganantham P. , Praveena R. , Vanithamani J. , Koperuncholan M.
Published: August 2022

Chromosome analyses on different species of Orchidaceae namely, Vanda alpine Lindl, Vanda amesiana Reichb.f. Vanda coerulea Griff, Vanda coerulescence Griff, Vanda cristata Lindl, Vanda densiflora Lindl and Vanda hookeriana Reichb. f.. Deviant report as against the previous records of chromosome numbers have been made in Vanda alpine Lindl, Vanda amesiana Reichb.f. Vanda coerulea Griff, Vanda coerulescence Griff, Vanda cristata Lindl, Vanda densiflora Lindl and Vanda hookeriana Reichb.f.a. In all other species studied the present report of chromosome numbers are in correlation with those of earlier reports. The first record of chromosome number has been made in 2 species namely Vanda coerulescence Griff 2n-42, Vanda cristata Lindl 2n–40 and Vanda densiflora Lindl 2n-42. Most of the species of Vanda alpine Lindl 2n-38, Vanda amesiana Reichb.f. 2n–38, Vanda hookeriana Reichb.f. 2n–38 and Vanda coerulea Griff 2n–42. Vanda cristata 2n–40, Vanda densiflora 2n-42. Chromosome should have been originated by aneuploidy. The study of karyotype analyses shows that each and every species has a distinct karyotype. Therefore, karyotype alternations of chromosomes may have also play important role in speciation along with aneuploidy.
RECENT EVOLUTION OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN THE LOWER TAFNA WATERSHED (NORTH-WEST OF ALGERIA)
Authors: Nesrine Sari-Ali  Amel Belkhodja Amal , Noury Benabadji
Published: August 2022

In Algeria, the climatic conditions that have prevailed in the territory for decades have a direct influence on the environment. The aim of this work is to determine the recent evolution of the climate in the Lower Tafna catchment area (North-Western Algeria), by analysing the two periods over a 25-year interval. The study of the different climatic components such as precipitation and annual temperatures during the periods (1913-1938) and (1995-2020) helped us to draw the pluviothermal climagram of Emberger (1955) and the umbrothermal diagrams of Bagnouls and Gaussen (1953), specific to the Mediterranean climate. In terms of average values, temperatures are higher during the new period. Concerning the annual rainfall, the Maghnia station shows a decrease in rainfall while the Beni-Saf station shows an increase in rainfall during the new period. The analysis of the Emberger rainfall climagram (Q2) informs us that the meteorological stations present a certain dynamic during the new period, passing from the upper semi-arid bioclimatic stage with temperate winter to the lower semi-arid with temperate winter for the Maghnia station and the lower semi-arid with warm winter to the upper semiarid with warm winter for the Beni-Saf station. The umbrothermal diagrams show that the duration of the summer season is long and dry, characterised by low average rainfall and high heat.
DATE’S MOTH (ECTOMYELOIS CERATONIAE) EFFECTS ON BOTH PHYSICO-CHIMICAL‎ AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TWO DATE CULTIVARS (HMIRA AND ‎FEGGOUS) COLLECTED FROM IGLI AND TAMTERT SOUTH ‎WESTERN ALGERIA
Authors: Somia Belaguid , Ahmed Makhloufi , Ali Boulanouar , Khadra Benmouloud‎ , Nafissa Belkessam , Nassima Fekhar
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate chemical and microbial characteristics of date from two varieties cultivated in Igli, and Tamtert, region to assess the effect of date moth on their nutritional and microbiological quality. The results show that date flesh of examined cultivars have a high content of sugars (85-64%) and low concentrations of protein (1,05-0,62%), ash(1,83-1,99%) and fats (0,22-0,54%) on dry matter basis, The protein content of infested dates was greater than that of unscathed. For mineral content, Potassium is the most abundant element (455,0mg/100g), followed by sodium (260,2mg/100g), and iron (204 mg/100g), while zinc is present in very small amounts (0,97 mg/100g). The results reveal that the bacteriological quality of both studied varieties, are conforms to international standards; additionally, there is no significant difference in bacterial quality between unscathed and infested dates. Furthermore, dates exposed to date moth infestation, which results in fungal contamination. The development of this fungal flora under suitable conditions (temperature, humidity, pH, etc.) can have negative effects by altering the organoleptic properties and decreasing the nutritive quality.
STUDY OF WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS FOR IMPROVING HUMAN HEALTH AND LIVELIHOODS SUPPORT IN BASTAR PLATEAU INDIA
Authors: Kumar Sajiwan , Netam Binda
Published: August 2022

Chhattisgarh state has the huge diversity of mushroom flora among which some are edible. Present study was conducted in Bastar Plateau during rainy season for naturally grown wild edible mushrooms. Mushroom have become attractive as a functional food and as a source for the development of drugs and nutraceuticals responsible with their antioxidant, antitumor and antimicrobial properties. Besides their pharmacological features, mushrooms are becoming more important in our diet due to their nutritional value, related to high protein and low fat. There are so many types of fungi are present in Bastar palateu Chhattisgarh. Wild edible mushrooms are collected by tribal peoples for their food as well as livelihood support. Mushrooms are used as food supplement in various cultures and known for their edibility and delicacy for which, they are collected from wild and also cultivated. Nutritionally, edible mushrooms provide essential nutrients and contribute significantly to human diet & helth. Mushrooms are not only sources of nutrients but also have been reported as therapeutic foods, useful in preventing diseases such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cancer etc. 30 village of 6 Tehsil covered under survey and 50 tribal/ rural peoples were contacted from different study villages and different local markets for information about wild edible mushroom at their surrounding locality. Information on wild edible mushrooms was collected from forests of Bastar plateau, Chhattisgarh by visiting different sites in forest areas. Tribal people were contacted and informations recorded by personal interviews. 16 fleshy mushrooms were identified and collected from Bastar Plateau of Chhattisgarh state during the study especially in mansoon season in the year 2021, two species of Termitomyces and Russula were predominantly observed from most of the locality in study area. We observed that environmental factors like rainfall, light, temperature, nutrients and relative humidity etc. Greatly influence the growth and development of mushrooms in the study area. In nature, mushrooms grow wild in almost all types of soils, on decaying organic matter, wooden stumps, and termite comb especially in Bastar plateau due to presence of red lateritic soil etc. They appear in all seasons; however rains favor rapid growth when organic matter or its decomposition products are easily available. This preliminary study shows that the Bastar forests and soils are very rich in mushroom diversity during rainy season in year.
THE STUDY GROUPS TO PISTACHIA LENTISQUE PHYTOECOLOGIQUE IN ALGERIA: CASE OF THE FOREST OF TAMEDRARA IN CHLEF
Authors: Mohamed Tebani , Khalladi Mederbal
Published: August 2022

This work is devoted to the study of a Pistachier Lentisque group for the Tamedrara forest; it is an integral part of the Tell Atlas mountains located south of the wilaya of Chlef. It is an original study carried out by a phytoecological approach whose plant formations encountered offered a great diversity. To give the state of the plant cover currently existing in this forest, results were obtained in the taxonomic, biological, morphological and biogeographical aspects. The floristic inventory counts 66 species, divided into 51 genera and 25 families generally represented by Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, Poaceae and Liliaceae. The recorded observations allow us an area degraded by free grazing, repeated fires and ecotourism and therefore requires a program of forestry interventions in order to preserve this phytogenetic heritage at the level of the Tamedrara forest.
EFFECT OF THE PESTICIDE TREATMENT DOSE ON THE BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSE OF THE POTATO PLANTS (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.)
Authors: Amiri Ouafaa , Nemmiche Saïd , Hennia Aïcha , Bentamra Zoubida , Benhachem Idriss , Benkhelifa Mohammed
Published: August 2022

In order to enhance and protect crop yields from different pests, the use of pesticides has increased. In Algeria, most often farmers do not respect the recommended dose of pesticides. The aim of this study is to investigate the dose effect of applying pesticides in field conditions at standard and double doses (agronomic dose, AD; agronomic double dose, ADD) on the morphological and biochemical responses of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.). Our result showed significant effect of pesticide application on the biochemical and antioxidant properties of the plant. Higher contents of phenolic and flavonoid were noticed in plants treated with AD and ADD. The accumulation of malondialdehyde increases lipid peroxidation due to the excessive reactive oxygen species production. The significant increase of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities were recorded in the final growth stage compared with control. AD increases proline content in the final growth stage, but a decrease for chlorophylls and carotenoids. In addition, the decrease in thiols level was observed for both growth stages. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that treatments with pesticides at higher doses than recommended caused oxidative disturbances in potato plants and lead to an enhanced capacity of antioxidant enzymes.
GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF NAOMI AND SENSATION MANGO CULTIVARS USING RAPD AND ISSR POLYMERASE BASED PCR
Authors: Khattab Magda M. , Awad Nahla A. , Hamed Hamed. H. , El Korashy Hossam A. , Badran Antar
Published: August 2022

The present investigation aimed to use RAPD and ISSR techniques that depend on the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) to analyze the genetic variation between Naomi and Sensation mango cultivars. RAPD revealed a total number of 105 DNA band, fifteen bands of them were polymorphic and the average number of the polymorphic bands were seven bands / primer. ISSR primers clarify a wide range of variance between the studied cultivars, ISSR was able to recognize 124 DNA bands and thirty-two out of them were polymorphic with polymorphism percentage 25.8% and average polymorphic bands 10.3 / primer. Also, RAPD detected a high genetic similarity between Naomi and Sensation (91.4); while, ISSR detected 82.4%. RAPD and ISSR identify unique DNA bands distinguish between the two studied cultivars and could be used as a fingerprint for both cultivars. Naomi and Sensation cultivars were distinguished by 15 positive unique markers. The Naomi cultivar was identified by 14 positive markers and 4 negative markers. On the other hand Sensation was able to detect 14 negative unique markers and 4 positive one. The four negative unique markers resulted from three primers (OPO09, OPG06, OPG09), the size of these markers ranged from 200bp -280 bp.
PUBLIC AWARENESS ABOUT THE USAGE OF MEDICINAL HERBS FOUND IN THE KITCHEN AND THEIR POTENTIAL AGAINST COVID-19 DISEASE
Authors: Singh Garvita , Sahu Pallavi , Sharma Akshita , Butool Bisma , Sarkar Richa , Mishra Reema , Soni Renu
Published: August 2022

For the past two years, the globe has been in deep despair as a result of the fast spread of the new Coronavirus, SARS CoV-2, and several of its variations such as Delta, Omicron, and others. This pandemic has caused widespread rumours and misconceptions, wreaking havoc on the worldwide health-care system. Due to the periodic outbreaks of this infectious disease, along with the administration of effective antiviral vaccines and adherence to mandatory government protocols, every human being's recourse has been to strengthen their immunity to resist this infectious disease using kitchen ingredients like herbs and spices with medicinal properties and other home remedies. The results showed that there was a significant rise in the usage of kitchen pharmacy and the application of traditional knowledge, compared to the pre-pandemic times, owing to its immunity boosting properties. Along with increase in usage of kitchen pharmacy, there was also a surge observed in usage of ayurveda, other home remedies and yoga, in comparison with allopathy. The statistical analysis showed that 40.9% of the respondents showed marked recovery after the continual usage of home remedies.
STUDIES ON CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF INFECTED GROUNDNUT KERNELS BY FUNGAL PATHOGENS, EAST KHANDESH, MAHARASHTRA, INDIA
Authors: Chaudhari S. A. , Patil Ashok N. , Bagul R.M.
Published: August 2022

In 2020, groundnut production for Maharashtra was 0.32 million tonnes. Groundnut production of Maharashtra fell gradually from 0.42 million tonnes in 2017 to 0.32 million tonnes in 2020. Ground nut production and utilization has increased since last decades due to high nutritive value and its uses. Seed borne fungi of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) are responsible to deteriorate and degrade kernels quality and quantity of potential nutrients causing losses to the farmers in East Khandesh region during storage practices. The prevalent symptoms on seeds were decay, rots, pod rots, spots etc. In these studies, an attempt was made to note the dominant fungal organisms like Aspergillus flavus, Rhyzoctonia bataticola, Penicillium sps., Fusarium sps. and so on, affecting the primary contents in the seeds such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The best storage practices are needed to check the damages. Present paper highlights % Changes in primary metabolites contents of groundnut kernels infected with different fungal species
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTE OF SOIL UNDER DIFFERENT NATURAL FOREST STANDS IN ACHANAKMAR -AMARKANTAK BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF INDIA
Authors: DIXIT BHAVNA
Published: August 2022

A study of soil attributes at three sites under different natural forest stand in Lamni range of Achnakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Chhattisgarh, India reveals that there is a considerable difference in the soil properties due to species composition of perennial vegetation. All three sites soil viz. - Sal forest, Mix Forest and Bamboo Forest are acidic in nature and degree of acidity decreases with depth. Organic C%, CEC, and mineral contributed to acidity of soil and it was more in Bamboo stand as compare to Sal and mixed stand. Parameter like AWC, organic C, CEC, texture and bulk density are major attributes which contribute to differential recycling of elements under different species. The presence of roots, the quantity of roots per horizon indicates availability of nutrient in the soil.
EVALUATION OF BIOEFFICACY OF LIPPIA JAVANICA AGAINST HYBLAEA PUERA (LEPIDOPTERA: HYBLAEIDAE) FROM THE FOREST OF ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA
Authors: M. Deepa , D. Meera
Published: August 2022

Laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the bioefficacy of ethnobotanical plant Lippia javanica at Entomology laboratory at IFB, Hyderabad during 2016-2018. Experiment was carried out in Completely Randomized Design and antifeedant activity and toxicity was observed in the plant extracts based on the feeding behavior of the test insect and arranged in the descending order is 1.0%>0.8%>0.6%>0.4%>0.2%>0.1% concentrations and uncontrol. The insect culture was maintained in a growth chamber in the laboratory at a temperature of 27 ± 2°C, 12: 12 L:D and with 70 ± 5 % RH during the experiments. Hence depending upon the pest problem, a particular type of extract has to be applied for effective control of the pest.
ISOLATION OF SOME KERATINOPHILIC FUNGI FROM SOIL
Authors: Srivastava Naina
Published: August 2022

Soil has diverse types of fungi which are pathogenic. Geophilic fungi are mixture of several types of fungi where keratinolytic are very common and normal farmyard ,garden soil ,domestic soil have keratinophilic mycoflora. Sample collected showed Microsporum gypsum (9.53%), Trichphyton terrestrial (1.59%), Chrysosporium sp. (1.28%), Chrysosporium keratinophillum (15%), Chrysosporium qeenslandicum appeared to be most abundant keratinophilc fungi i.e. (24.73%). Saprophytic fungi which colonize on skin ,nails, hair and cause skin infections called dermatophytes. These types of fungi can easily form colonies in keratin rich substances. Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Coccidioides, Fusarium, Microsporum, Piedraia, Scopulariopsis and Trichophyton fungi were also observed. They can easily degrade polypeptides chains biologically which are very difficult in normal condition. In the present study the occurrence of keratinin degrading fungi in soil were analysed. The microbiological and pathological analysis was done.
ECONOMICALLY IMPORTANT AQUATIC PLANTS OF NADIA DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL, INDIA
Authors: Jhan Tarunjit
Published: August 2022

Wet lands are imported self-sustained ecosystem, plays a significant role for the formation of a wide range of well diversified flora. These aquatic and wet land plants have immense importance for sustainable life support systems including economic and aesthetic values and as such have played a central role in the evolution of human settlement, agriculture, culture, industrial growth etc., out of 10 wet lands of Nadia 40 species of economically Important plants have been documented of which 38 belongs to Angiosperms and 2 belongs to Pteridophyte group. These 40 plant species are used in 8 various ways of which 38 medicinal plant species used for the treatment of 49 types of ailments.
EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON GRAPEVINES PHENOLOGICAL STAGES AND YIELD UNDER ARID ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Alsanad Mohammed A.
Published: August 2022

Climate change is a dramatic crisis that has left severe impacts on the agricultural sector and especially on viticulture. Phenological sets over 41 years and annual climatic anomalies ’data over the same years’ intervals were procured. An earliness in Al Ahsa region, the first signs of climate change were detected starting 1997, where annual precipitable water and temperature anomalies were the most important climate influencers all phenological events occurred for the varieties White and Red, from the beginning of budburst until harvest. Moreover, the yield of both varieties was slightly reduced between 1997 and 2019 in comparison with the interval of years 1979-1996. Beginning of budburst, budburst, 2-3 leaves unfolded and visible inflorescence were positively correlated with the annual wind speed anomaly. Beginning of flowering, full flowering, beginning of fruit set, full veraison, and harvest were positively with the annual total cloud cover anomaly and annual total precipitation anomaly. In addition, the full fruit set and beginning of veraison were positively correlated with annual wind speed anomaly, and negatively correlated with annual precipitable water anomaly. Yield was positively correlated with annual total precipitation anomaly and annual total cloud cover anomaly. Results suggest the adoption of a drip irrigation system in Al Ahsa vineyards that would overcome the low water availability in hot summers and reduce soil salinity, one of the biggest issues facing Gulf countries.
INVESTIGATION ON PREVALENCE OF RICE BROWN LEAF SPOT IN CAUVERY DELTA REGION OF TAMILNADU INDIA
Authors: Karan R. , Renganathan P. , Balabaskar P. , Kannan R.
Published: August 2022

Rice is the major food crop in India. Rice is affected by many fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. Among them, Rice brown leaf spot caused by Bipolaris oryze is a important disease which reduces the yield of the crop. The present investigation was carried out to study the prevalence and occurrence of Rice brown spot in Cauvery Delta Region of Tamilnadu. Among the five districts surveyed, the disease incidence was more in Sirkazhi of Mayiladuthurai district which recorded 35.5% incidence. Aananthathandavapuram from Mayiladuthurai recorded second maximum incidence (30.5%). Thiruparaithurai village of Trichy district has recorded lowest Brown leaf spot incidence (18.5%) compared to other areas. Brown spot disease incidence was more in cultivar BPT 5204 and ADT 43 compared to other cultivars. Brown spot incidence was more in milking and maturity stage compare to other stages of rice crop.
CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS OCCUPIED BY THE SPECIES MARRUBIUM VULGARE L. IN HAMMAM BOUHADJAR (NORTH WEST ALGERIA)
Authors: Mounir Chihab , Amel Mohamed belarbi , Manal Hamedi , Ali Khalfa
Published: August 2022

The current study concerns the characterization of the physico-chemical parameters of the soil habitats of Marrubium Vulgare L. in Hammam Bouhadjar (North West Algeria),Six soil samples were taken,the edaphic results show that this species grows on soils with loamy and sandy loam textures, may humid and alkaline pH, moderately rich in organic matter with moderately to heavily calcareous soil. Statistical processing carried out by principal component analysis indicate the presence of correlations between the soil stations sampled and the edaphic parameters.
The Stoicism of the Lone Wolf. The Romantic Aesthetic of Alfred de Vigny and Its Literary Outlines. Part Two
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, Mankovskaya N.B.
Published: August 2022

The article reveals the specificity of Alfred de Vigny’s aesthetic views and literary work which illustrates his original position in the context of the aesthetics of French romanticism. Alfred de Vigny shared its basic principles related to the conviction in the inherent value of art, the priority of artistic perfection, idealization and symbolization, and an increased interest in the national origins of artistic creativity and the character of a romantic hero — sensitive, passionate, melancholic, and at the same time egocentric. However, he gave them the romantic-heroic connotation of the philosophy of stoicism, which defined the semantic dominant of his creative work and the aura of masculine restraint inherent in it. His reflections on the truth and fiction in art, artistic images and symbols, the features of a historical novel, the character of a romantic drama, and the figure of a banished poet largely paved the way for the further development of these subjects both in theory and artistic practice. Most of the characters of his symbolic plays, novels, and poems are self-absorbed, proud loners, marked by a tragic worldview, who stoically endure the adversities that fall to their lot but are unable to avoid fatal outcomes. Alfred de Vigny considered himself an “epic moralist” focused on issues of honor, duty, and conscience. Another distinctive feature of his position is not only the interest in national history but also a direct appeal to its vicissitudes in his artistic creativity, as well as conceptualization of ways to understand history in art. The rich symbolism of de Vigny’s works, their high artistry, a deep understanding of the tragic fate of the artist, a cursed poet, had a significant impact on the aesthetics and poetics of symbolism. Additionally, Alfred de Vigny’s philosophical and aesthetic ideas of abandonment of man into existence, the tragic nature of his lot, hopeless loneliness, inescapable longing, and despair, which were reflected in the pessimistic tone of many of his works, had a considerable influence on the creative activity of French existentialists and their followers in the 20th–21st centuries.
Crime and Punishment, a Comedy by Mikhail Zoshchenko, and Its Two Soviet Screen Versions: Fiction and Reality
Authors:   State Institute for Art Studies, Saraskina L.I.
Published: August 2022

The paper analyses the topical content of M.M. Zoshchenko’s one act play Crime and Punishment (1933), as well as the historical reality which is implied by the explicitly “Dostoevsky’s” title of the play. The appeal to this problem and the novelty of the author’s concept are due to, among other things, the lack of research on the declared topic. The author refers to the archival documents and legal acts that explain the real reasons for the emotional sufferings of the central character of the play, who in the slang of the time was called “nesoon” (“the one who carries away”), that is a “plunderer of people’s property”. He was afraid to be condemned to capital punishment and confiscation of his property. The notions of “crime” and “punishment” in Zoshchenko’s play acquire new and, indeed, topical meanings, so that the title of the play ceases to be just an allusion to Dostoevsky. Two screen versions of the play under the same title present different interpretations of the literary original. Having performed a consistent analysis of the films, including the correlation of the social context and the artistic text, the author comes to the following conclusions about their comedic leitmotivs. The short screen version produced in 1940 by the film director Pavel Kolomoytsev, was obviously associated with the political reality of the time: in 1932, the Central Committee of the Communist Party had issued a Decree concerning the protection of state enterprise property, the crimes of its plunderers and the ensuing punishments. The specific comical effect of this screen version may be defined as laughter through (in spite of) fear. It is clear why the film was banned by the censorship and was not shown for half a century: “the thief is depicted as the one who suffers”. The screen version by Leonid Gaidai produced in 1975 (as part of the film in three stories by Zoshchenko, under the title Ne Mozhet Byt! (It Can’t Be!)) had nothing to do with the above mentioned Decree (which had been annulled by that time). The events in this version are placed in the year 1927, before the Decree, so the plunderers did not need to be afraid of capital punishment. The characters in this screen version of the comedy just feign fear of punishment, just make a pretence of suffering. The comic effect of Gaidai’s version may be defined as laughter through (in spite of) roaring.
The Colour and Sound of Blue in a Film: From Depths to Light
Authors:   S.A. Gerasimov All-Russian State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK), Mikheeva Ju.V.
Published: August 2022

The article highlights the techniques of creating a colour-sound cinematic image on the example of the use of one colour, blue, in the films where it is not only the dominant one on the colour palette but, along with sound, becomes an important element of a complex semantic structure. In our case, the blue colour dynamically changing on the screen and interacting with the sound contributes to the expression of the semantic layering of the film drama and its synesthetic perception by the viewer. The author is more interested in the analysis of the blue in the films where it is not just seen as a colour marker of the different (world, space, character, subjective state of the character, etc.) but becomes involved, in its multiple coloristic nuances, in the dynamics of the development of the film narrative and the change (transformation) of a character’s inner world. Considering the achievements and prospects of modern audio-visual technologies, it is the development of a common colour and music solution for both an episode and the overall aesthetic form of the film that can become most effective and relevant. The main material for representing this kind of colour and sound interaction is two films: Three Colours: Blue directed by K. Keslevsky (1993) and Tree of Life directed by T. Malik (2011). For the directors, the depth of immersion and the height of ascent into the blue are not just a metaphor or a local device, but a way to convey a complex film drama and express their worldview and main aesthetic principles. The philosophical, aesthetic and methodological basis for the film analysis is some theses from the theoretical works on colour and sound by S.M. Eisenstein, J.W. Goethe, V.V. Kandinsky, L. Wittgenstein, M. Pastoureau and Jan Baleka, as well as the approaches of philosophical dialogism, hermeneutical and receptive aesthetics.
The Lack-of-Freedom Images in the Films of Modern Caucasian Directors
Authors:   State Institute for Art Studies, Tsuntaeva A.D.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the films of young Caucasian directors who graduated from Alexander Sokurov studio at Kabardino-Balkarian State University (Nalchik). The author studies the artistic features of the films Closeness (director Kantemir Balagov), Unclenching the Fists (director Kira Kovalenko), and Deep Rivers (director Vladimir Bitokov). The way the traumatic experiences from the past and problems of the present are reflected in the art field becomes the subject of the research. The article analyses the historical and cultural contexts within the framework of the artistic narrative, and the genre specifics of the modern directors’ works. The purpose of the study is to reveal the lack-of-freedom images in the feature films, as well as their genre specifics. The author notes that realism prevails in the films but the directors also boldly turn to naturalism and the grotesque. The novelty of the study consists in the author’s consideration of cinema as a way for artistic understanding of the traumatic experience of the Caucasian people, which presents the real historical events through the analysis of the personal experience of the characters in the narrative. The directors depict modern times, but the outcomes are tightly linked with the past, which actualizes the discussion about the “public history”. Historical memory seems to be woven into the narrative and is determined by the context, dialogues and visual imagery. The directors turn to historical material but masterfully combine the documentary and the fiction in the artistic space. The continuity of the literary tradition in depicting the Caucasus as a separate world with its own values and worldview is emphasized. The author comes to the conclusion that experiencing the lack of freedom is the main state of individual characters and society in the analysed films. The state of being caught between the old patriarchal world, where life is unbearable, and the new one, which is full of uncertainty, results in denial, rebellion or escape.
Konstantin Korovin’s Expression in His Literary Heritage
Authors:   M.P. Mussorgsky Ural State Conservatory, Subbotina N.M.
Published: August 2022

The subject of the article is the literary heritage of the outstanding Russian artist Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin (1861–1939): memoirs, stories, and letters at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. The article represents an attempt to supplement the studies of the artist’s work, drawing attention to his literary heritage. It reveals the broad socio-cultural context of the works under analysis, as well as a wide range of problems that had an impact on Korovin’s life. The emphasis in the article is on issues directly related to the development of artistic culture. In this regard, within the view of the author are the philosophical and psychological reasons for turning to the genre of memoirs as an important component of the functioning of the artistic and cultural space. The author analyses how in his literary works Korovin constantly addressed himself to the questions of the nature and essence of art, its inexplicable mysteries, the meaning and purpose of the creative process. The article deals with such concepts as artistry, intuition, the inherent value of beauty and artistic creativity. It is emphasized that for Korovin, as well as for many of his like-minded friends, the intuitive characteristics of art and artistic inspiration did not mean abandoning the issues of skill, careful study and accurate knowledge of the depicted subject. In this regard, discussions about the creation of musical and theatrical images by the artists’ contemporary, the outstanding singer Fyodor Chaliapin, which are contained in Korovin’s memoirs, are of particular importance. It is significant that Korovin combines reflections on the essence of art with descriptions of the everyday life in prerevolutionary Russia. The artist pays particular attention to events related to the social and cultural crisis against which his work unfolded. A special place in the article is given to the artist’s attempts to comprehend the complex social processes of the early 20th century, and the relevance of addressing the issue for the development of modern culture.
Global and regional carbon budget for 2015–2020 inferred from OCO-2 based on an ensemble Kalman filter coupled with GEOS-Chem
Authors: Kong Yawen , Zheng Bo , Zhang Qiang , He Kebin
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Understanding carbon sources and sinks across the Earth's
surface is fundamental in climate science and policy; thus, these topics
have been extensively studied but have yet to be fully resolved and are
associated with massive debate regarding the sign and magnitude of the
carbon budget from global to regional scales. Developing new models and
estimates based on state-of-the-art algorithms and data constraints can
provide valuable knowledge and contribute to a final ensemble model in which various optimal carbon budget estimates are integrated, such as the annual global carbon budget paper. Here, we develop a new atmospheric inversion system based on the 4D local ensemble transform Kalman filter (4D-LETKF) coupled with the GEOS-Chem global transport model to infer surface-to-atmosphere net carbon fluxes from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) V10r XCO2 retrievals. The 4D-LETKF algorithm is adapted to an OCO-2-based global carbon inversion system for the first time in this work. On average, the mean annual terrestrial and oceanic fluxes between 2015 and 2020 are estimated as − 2.02 and − 2.34 GtC yr−1, respectively, compensating for 21 % and 24 %, respectively, of global fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions (9.80 GtC yr−1). Our inversion results agree with the CO2 atmospheric growth rates reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and reduce the modeled CO2 concentration biases relative to the prior fluxes against surface and aircraft measurements. Our inversion-based carbon fluxes are broadly consistent with those provided by other global atmospheric inversion models, although discrepancies still occur in the land–ocean flux partitioning schemes and seasonal flux amplitudes over boreal and tropical regions, possibly due to the sparse observational constraints of the OCO-2 satellite and the divergent prior fluxes used in different inversion models. Four sensitivity experiments are performed herein to vary the prior fluxes and uncertainties in our inversion system, suggesting that regions that lack OCO-2 coverage are sensitive to the priors, especially over the tropics and high latitudes. In the further development of our inversion system, we will optimize the data-assimilation configuration to fully utilize current observations and increase the spatial and seasonal representativeness of the prior fluxes over regions that lack observations.
Steady-state forms of channel profiles shaped by debris-flow and fluvial processes
Authors: McGuire Luke A. , McCoy Scott W. , Marc Odin , Struble William , Barnhart Katherine R.
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Debris flows regularly traverse bedrock channels that dissect steep landscapes, but our understanding of the dominant controls that set rates and spatial patterns of landscape evolution by debris flows is still rudimentary. As a result, much of our understanding of steep bedrock channel networks is derived from application of geomorphic transport laws designed to represent erosion by water-dominated flows. To quantify the link between debris-flow mechanics and steep channel network form, establishment of a geomorphic transport law that quantifies bedrock erosion by debris flows and development of methods capable of handling the transient, non-local behavior of debris flows throughout the steep channel network are needed. Here, we propose a landscape evolution model to simulate longitudinal channel profiles that evolve in response to both debris-flow and fluvial processes. The model framework, which includes a methodology to explicitly track spatial variations in bulk debris-flow properties (e.g. flow depth, velocity) along the length of the channel profile, is designed to allow for the exploration of a range of potential debris-flow incision laws. We propose a relationship in which the debris-flow erosion rate is a function of debris-flow depth and channel slope. By comparing the morphology of modeled channel profiles to that typically seen in natural channels, we place constraints on a debris-flow incision law with this general form. Modeled channel profiles are consistent with observations of channel morphology in debris-flow-dominated terrain when the debris-flow incision rate is related to local channel slope raised to a power greater than one and approximately linearly related to debris-flow depth. Model results indicate that erosion by debris flows can explain the occurrence of a scaling break in the slope-area curve at low drainage areas and that upper-network channel morphology may be useful for inferring catchment-averaged erosion rates in quasi-steady landscapes. These results improve our ability to interpret topographic signals within steep channel networks and provide a general framework for exploring the role of debris-flow erosion within landscape evolution models.
Deep learning methods for flood mapping: a review of existing applications and future research directions
Authors: Bentivoglio Roberto , Isufi Elvin , Jonkman Sebastian Nicolaas , Taormina Riccardo
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Deep learning techniques have been increasingly used in flood management to overcome the limitations of accurate, yet slow, numerical models and to improve the results of traditional methods for flood mapping. In this paper, we review 58 recent publications to outline the state of the art of the field, identify knowledge gaps, and propose future research directions. The review focuses on the type of deep learning models used for various flood mapping applications, the flood types considered, the spatial scale of the studied events, and the data used for model development. The results show that models based on convolutional layers are usually more accurate, as they leverage inductive biases to better process the spatial characteristics of the flooding events. Models based on fully connected layers, instead, provide accurate results when coupled with other statistical models. Deep learning models showed increased accuracy when compared to traditional approaches and increased speed when compared to numerical methods. While there exist several applications in flood susceptibility, inundation, and hazard mapping, more work is needed to understand how deep learning can assist in real-time flood warning during an emergency and how it can be employed to estimate flood risk. A major challenge lies in developing deep learning models that can generalize to unseen case studies. Furthermore, all reviewed models and their outputs are deterministic, with limited considerations for uncertainties in outcomes and probabilistic predictions. The authors argue that these identified gaps can be addressed by exploiting recent fundamental advancements in deep learning or by taking inspiration from developments in other applied areas. Models based on graph neural networks and neural operators can work with arbitrarily structured data and thus should be capable of generalizing across different case studies and could account for complex interactions with the natural and built environment. Physics-based deep learning can be used to preserve the underlying physical equations resulting in more reliable speed-up alternatives for numerical models. Similarly, probabilistic models can be built by resorting to deep Gaussian processes or Bayesian neural networks.
Status of Soil Fertility on Rice Fields in Mekarjaya Village, West Toili District
Authors: Ndekano Irvan , Sataral Mihwan , Katili Hidayat Arismunandar , Moh. Zulfajrin
Published: August 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui status kesuburan tanah pada lahanpadi sawah (Oryza sativa L.) di Desa Mekarjaya Kecamatan Toili Barat.Penelitian ini berlansung dari bulan Juli sampai September 2020. Metode yangdigunakan yaitu Survei Eksploratif-Deskriptif, dimana pemilihan areal pewakilsampel tanah diambil 4 fase berdasarkan lamanya tahun pengolahan sawahyaitu 1, 10, 20, dan 30 tahun. Interpretasi data hasil uji tanah ditabulasikanmenurut waktu pengolahan sawah dalam bentuk tabel sesuai kriteria penilaianhasil analisis tanah. Selanjutnya evaluasi status kesuburan tanah dilakukanmenggunakan kriteria dari Pusat Penelitian Tanah. Hasil Penelitianmenunjukkan tingkat status kesuburan tanah lahan sawah 1 tahun, 10 tahun, 20tahun dan 30 tahun di Desa Mekarjaya Kecamatan Toili Barat berstatus rendahyang dipengaruhi kandungan P2O5 tersedia tanah dan C-organik tanah yangrendah. Selanjutnya pengolahan lahan padi sawah (Oryza sativa L.) DesaMekarjaya, perlu adanya penambahan bahan organik serta pupuk posfor untukmeningkatkan status kesuburan tanahnya.
The Hybrid Space in Santa Maria (RS, Brazil): experiencing the city as a Pokémon Go player.
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, Nunes Leonardo Berté , Costa Benhur Pinós da ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
Published: August 2022

We studied the smartphone game, Pokémon Go, from the perspective of phenomenology and the player’s experience. The experience constitutes and is constituted by the concept of hybrid space, given by the presence and movement of the player in the ‘real’ and’ ‘virtual’ spaces. We operationalized the search through self-narratives produced by the main author of the paper in his actions as a player in the urban space of Santa Maria (RS). As a result, we verified that there is the crucial importance of the body and movement to produce the experience and that the hybrid space, conformed to the practice of playing, expands the network of meanings of the urban space. In addition, we note a relationship between the practice of Pokémon Go and the concept of ‘geograficity’, which we call ‘hybrid geograficity’.
Spatial circuits of tilapicultura production in the northern and western Paraná regional contexts, Brazil
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil, Dias Maico Eduardo Dias , Oliveira Edilson Luis de ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
Published: August 2022

The spatial concentration of productive activities and the consequent formation of regions characterized by a given productive specialization are topics of permanent interest for economic geography. In the current historical period, marked by globalization, the processes of concentration and productive specialization are characterized by relations between local and regional conditions and global dynamics. Considering the relevance of Brazil’s participation in the global production of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and, in the Brazilian context, the importance of this activity in the state of Paraná, this article analyzes the particularities of the spatial circuits of production (production-distribution-exchange-consumption) and cooperation circles that define two main regional contexts in the territory of Parana, the west and the north, in which this productive activity is concentrated. The results obtained demonstrate that the spatial conditions enable different manifestations of tilapia culture in the regional contexts analyzed, resulting in different technical modalities, and different material and immaterial flows, even though both produce the same commodity, tilapia.